bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial anthraquinones and triterpenoid isolated from Morinda geminata DC (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Gassama Abdoulaye , Sambou Oumar , Karé Moussa , Gambe Dame , Rivard Michael , Martens Thierry , Lachaise Isabelle
Published: November 2017

Morinda geminata DC is a plant of the traditional Senegalese pharmacopoeia, the leaves of which are used in the treatment of various diseases. The phytochemical investigation of its leaves and roots resulted in the isolation of the triterpenoid ursolic acid 6, and five known anthraquinones analogues: nordamnacanthal 1, damnacanthal 2, damnacanthol 3, lucidin-ω-ethyl ether 4, and anthraquinone 5. The isolated compounds were characterized by NMR and mass-spectrometry and were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties. Compounds 1 and 4 displayed significant antimicrobial activities towards Staphylococcus aureus. The present study constitutes the first phytochemical examination of the leaves and roots of Morinda geminata DC.
Development and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Method For Determination of Bisoprolol Fumarate in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Mohammed Shahinaz , Adam Mohammed , Shantier Shaza
Published: November 2017

In this study a simple, accurate and precise UV- spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of bisoprolol fumarate (BF) in bulk and tablet dosage form. The method was based on measurement of absorbance of BF aqueous solution at 271nm. Validation was conducted in accordance to ICH guidelines. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range 5-25 µg/mL with correlation coefficient not less than 0.9986. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.22 μg/ml and 0.66 μg/ml, respectively. Intraday and intermediate precision of the developed method were reflected by the low RSD% values (1.19 and 0.854, respectively). The recovery percentage was 105.0 ± 1.3%, n=3. The proposed method was applied for the assay of BF in three different brands
In this issue: tools and processes that translate knowledge into practice
Authors: De Lusignan Simon
Published: November 2017

The theme of In This Issue is how informatics provides tools and processes that help translate knowledge into practice.
Notes from the Editors, November 2017
Authors: The Editors -
Published: November 2017

buy this issueOver the last three decades, Monthly Review has stood out as a major source of ecosocialist analysis. This has been especially evident in recent months, with the publication by Monthly Review Press of three pathbreaking books: Kohei Saito, Karl Marx's Ecosocialism: Capital, Nature, and the Unfinished Critique of Political Economy; Ian Angus, A Redder Shade of Green: Intersections of Science and Socialism; and Fred Magdoff and Chris Williams, Creating an Ecological Society: Toward a Revolutionary Transformation.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Protagonism and Productivity
Authors: Lebowitz Michael A.
Published: November 2017

President Chávez, in line with Marx, identified revolutionary praxis as the key link between human development and practice: "We have to practice socialism…and this practice will create us, ourselves, it will change us; if not we won't make it." From this standpoint, the material product of activity is always accompanied by a second product—the human product. Since the human product has historically been neglected in socialist theories of transition, it is worth considering its significance.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Peningkatan Unjuk Kerja Katalisator Zeolit Alam Bayah pada Reaksi Ketalisasi Gliserol
Authors: Nuryoto Nuryoto - , Sulistyo Hary , Budi Sediawan Wahyudi , Perdana Indra
Published: November 2017

Abstract IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF BAYAH NATURAL ZEOLITE AS CATALYST ON   REACTION OF GLYCEROL KETALIZATION. The catalyst has an important role for the rates of chemical reactions accelerating in orde to achieve the target product of reaction. Reactants mass transfer to the active sites of the catalyst is oftenbe anobstacle to reaching of this purpose, so that the catalyst performance becomes less than the maximum. The objective of this research was to observe how much effected the diameter size catalyst, stirring speed, and catalyst concentration  in order to improved performance of Bayah natural zeolite catalyst on glycerol ketalization reaction based on glycerol conversion. The experiments were performed using a batch reactor, reaction temperature of 50oC, reactant ratio of 6:1 mol of acetone/mol of glycerol, reaction time of 90 minutes, diameter size catalyst from -18+25 until -60+70 mesh, catalyst concentration of 0-11% mass of glycerol, and stirring speed of 200-800 rpm. The results showed that the best conditions obtained at the diameter size catalyst of -40+45 mesh, catalyst concentration of 9% mass of glycerol, and stirring speed of 600 rpm by glycerol conversion reached of 60.92%. Keywords: glycerol; ketalization; performance; natural zeolite   Abstrak Katalisator mempunyai peranan penting dalam mempercepat laju reaksi kimia untuk mencapai target produk reaksi yang diinginkan. Perpindahan massa reaktan ke sisi aktif katalisator seringkali menjadi kendala dalam mencapaimaksud tersebut, sehingga unjuk kerja katalisator menjadi kurang maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan observasi seberapa besar pengaruh ukuran diameter katalisator, kecepatan pengadukan, dan konsentrasi katalisator dalam rangka meningkatkan unjuk kinerja katalisator zeolit alam Bayah pada reaksi ketalisasi gliserol berbasis konversi gliserol yang dihasilkan. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor batch, suhu reaksi 50oC, perbandingan pereaksi 6:1 mol aseton/mol gliserol,waktu reaksi 90 menit, ukuran diameter katalisator -18+25 sampai -60+70 mesh, konsentrasi katalisator 0-11% massa gliserol, dan kecepatan  pengadukan 200-800 rpm. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi terbaik diperoleh pada ukuran diameter katalisator -40+45 mesh, konsentrasi katalisator 9% massa gliserol, dan  kecepatan pengadukan 600 rpm  dengan konversi gliserol mencapai 60,92%. Kata kunci: gliserol;  ketalisasi; unjuk kerja; zeolit alam
Cyber Attacks, Information Attacks, and Postmodern Warfare
Authors: Valuch Jozef , Gábriš Tomáš , Hamuľák Ondrej
Published: November 2017

The aim of this paper is to evaluate and differentiate between the phenomena of cyberwarfare and information warfare, as manifestations of what we perceive as postmodern warfare. We describe and analyse the current examples of the use the postmodern warfare and the reactions of states and international bodies to these phenomena. The subject matter of this paper is the relationship between new types of postmodern conflicts and the law of armed conflicts (law of war). Based on ICJ case law, it is clear that under current legal rules of international law of war, cyber attacks as well as information attacks (often performed in the cyberspace as well) can only be perceived as “war” if executed in addition to classical kinetic warfare, which is often not the case. In most cases perceived “only” as a non-linear warfare (postmodern conflict), this practice nevertheless must be condemned as conduct contrary to the principles of international law and (possibly) a crime under national laws, unless this type of conduct will be recognized by the international community as a “war” proper, in its new, postmodern sense.
Aharon Barak’s Legal Ideology in the Context of European Constitutionalism
Authors: Bieliauskaitė Jolanta , Šlapkauskas Vytautas
Published: November 2017

The EU lacks the legal ideology as a social instrument that could satisfy the spirit of liberal democracy and would help to consolidate different societies to a solid European demos. Although the existence of an ideological system alone does not guarantee social consensus, it helps to manage dissension within the limits of particular values and norms. It is because a legal ideology provides the structure for social thought that individuals and social groups are able to interpret the nature of emerging conflicts and the interests they support.

The article demonstrates that the neoliberal way of thinking that prevails in contemporary Europe does not meet the spirit of the constitutionalism of the EU Member States; the article introduces some aspects of Aharon Barak’s legal ideology that could be relevant for the formation and development of European demos and constitutionalism. In order to achieve this aim, the research is focused on issues that emerge in the area of three main pillars of constitutionalism: (1) adherence to the rule of law, (2) limited and accountable government, and (3) protection of fundamental human rights.
The Definition of Bullying in Compulsory Education: From a General to a Legal Perspective
Authors: Margevičiūtė Agnė
Published: November 2017

The definition of the word ‘bullying’ diverges based on the field of practice and research, in the absence of an agreed-upon overreaching definition. The latter would allow maximum flexibility in contributing to the variations in findings of various academic studies. Some argue that the lack of comprehensive definition is a factor of inaccuracy in estimating the prevalence of bullying itself. The ‘definition’ per se [of bullying] is in general recognized by the state law of the United States as one of the key components of any policy adopted by the states and local educational agencies, and which is required to be consistent with the definitions specified in state law. This article presents an overview of the definitions of bullying beyond the legal sphere in general as well as from a legal perspective. Special focus is dedicated to the state laws of the US as the main national jurisdiction that has adopted education law that contains explicit definition of bullying, as well as some of the aspects of defining bullying within the general and legal context of Lithuanian jurisdiction.
EXPERIMENTOS EM AULA: UM EXERCÍCIO INTERDISCIPLINAR DE ENSINO
Authors: Campello Ronaldo Luis Goulart , Farina Cynthia
Published: October 2017

Este texto traz à discussão uma investigação realizada no Mestrado Profissional em Educação e Tecnologia – MPET do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-Rio-Grandense – IFSUL campus Pelotas, RS nos anos de 2015-16, a pesquisa se assume a partir de observações realizadas com um grupo de estudantes do quinto ano do ensino fundamental de uma Escola Técnica Estadual no bairro Fragata, nesta cidade, onde a criação manuscrita de textos epistolares surge como uma prática interdisciplinar potente de ensino, com a intenção de amenizar as dificuldades de aprendizagem deste grupo. Ao passo que as atividades se desenvolviam se percebeu a necessidade de pensar as condições funcionais de tal prática, e ir além. Além de somente pensar tal atividade como redentora de dificuldades de aprendizagem, mas como processo de formação mais amplo anunciando um diálogo que perpassa a escrita de si no contexto de um processo de formação, compreendendo a escrita como uma prática capaz de reinvenção de modos de pensar e ser, a qual nos faz refletir sobre os encontros que nos atravessam em procedimentos de formarmos, discentes e docentes. O método de pesquisa apresentado é o cartográfico. A cartografia cria oscilações próprias, descaminhos que surgem conforme as pistas dos trajetos vão se desvelando no tecer, tramar conceitualmente uma discussão unindo a experiência a problematização.
Attitudes procréatrices de la société dans l'ancienne Pologne
Authors: Kuklo Cezary
Published: October 2017

Este artículo presenta los resultados de investigaciones en el potencial demográfico de las familias en Warsaw durante el siglo XVIII -la mayor área urbana polaca en este período. El autor reconstruye con el método francés de L. Henry cerca de 2.000 familias, sobre la base de 80.000 actas de matrimonio, bautismo y defunción de la parroquia central de Santa Cruz. Se pretende así hacer un estudio cuantitativo de las características de la "antigua familia" polaca realizado por vía informática. El espectro cronológico abarca de 1740 a 1790 y en él se estudian los cambios en el modelo de procreación. Simultáneamente se estudia desde el punto de vista cualitativo, el cambio en las actitudes procreadoras, empleando fuentes como diarios, guías médicas, recetarios, cartas, libros de derecho, prensa periódica, etc., que permiten al autor avanzar la hipótesis de que esas familias no sólo conocían, sino que aplicaban métodos contraceptivos, lo que incluía el uso de productos naturales -herbales- y químicos.
Une population qui bouge: les migrations temporaires et saisonnières à partir de Viana do Castelo (XVIIIe-XIXe siècles)
Authors: Durães Margarita , Lagido Emília , Caridade Cristina
Published: October 2017

El principal objetivo del estudio es el análisis de las migraciones internas que parten de Viana (Portugal) durante los siglos XVIII y XIX. En él no sólo se realizará un balance del fenómeno, sino que también se buscarán los procesos explicativos que ayuden a la interpretación del mismo, para lo cual se abordará desde una triple perspectiva: geográfica, económica y social. Se analizará, pues, la movilidad poblacional en general, poniéndola en relación con la estructura fundiaria, el paisaje agrícola y las formas de explotación de la tierra. Asimismo se estudiará el origen geográfico de los emigrantes mostrando qué parroquias en el departamento de Viana fueron las verdaderas proveedoras de los hombres que recorrieron los caminos de Portugal. Igualmente se tratará su perfil sociológico en relación con el trabajo que ejercían en sus lugares de origen y el empleo que desempeñaron luego en los lugares de destino. De este modo se espera comprender el papel que las migraciones jugaron en la organización social de la región del Miño.
Reformismo borbónico y gobierno municipal (las regidurías compostelanas, siglo XVIII)
Authors: López Díaz María
Published: October 2017

En el siglo XVIII el proceso de patrimonialización de los cargos municipales está plenamente consolidado, siendo así que la mayoría de las ciudades aparecen regidas por cabildos oligárquicos y nepotistas. La nueva dinastía necesita contar con ellos, lo cual no impidió su intervención (directa o indirecta) en este ámbito ni tampoco el acceso e incorporación al grupo de nuevos elementos. En este trabajo se abordan los retoques de composición y capítulos de gobierno tocantes al regimiento compostelano así como la dinámica de sus oficios durante la etapa borbónica. A partir del estudio de la legislación “específica” promulgada para su control, de las trasmisiones operadas en cada cargo, los pleitos a que dieron lugar y las controversias surgidas entre los grupos dirigentes locales, se analizan algunas de las claves de la evolución de su gobierno en esta etapa crucial de los municipios modernos.
La trayectoria de la opinión política en la España Moderna
Authors: Alabrús Iglesias Rosa Mª
Published: October 2017

Este trabajo analiza la opinión española en el Antiguo Régimen. Ésta estuvo muyvinculada a determinados grupos de presión, relacionados con las elites de poder. Con susmensajes buscaron crear controversia, forjar una imagen o una opinión crítica e influenciar enla mentalidad colectiva especialmente en momentos críticos en relación a la coyuntura política,social o económica como la del Siglo de Oro, la crisis de 1640, las guerras con Francia o laguerra de Sucesión
Economía campesina, prácticas sucesorias desigualitarias y familia troncal en la Galicia de la Edad Moderna
Authors: Sobrado Correa Hortensio
Published: October 2017

En el transcurso de la Edad Moderna las tierras de la antigua provincia de Lugo se van caracterizando por una progresiva trascendencia de las prácticas sucesorias desigualitarias, algo que determina una relevante representación de la familia troncal en esta zona de la Galicia interior, elementos que a su vez tenían una destacada incidencia en múltiples aspectos del entramado doméstico, así como de la economía campesina lucense. A lo largo del presente artículo se podrá comprobar como las particularidades en materia de sistema hereditario y organización familiar funcionaban como importantes elementos ordenadores de la vida cotidiana de la población, influyendo incluso en aspectos relacionados con los hábitos culturales o la sociabilidad popular.
El precio del Purgatorio
Authors: Catalán Martínez Elena
Published: October 2017

El triunfo de la teoría del Purgatorio desde la Edad Media reportó a la iglesia católica unas rentas estables que junto con el diezmo constituirán la base de su riqueza y uno de los puntos esenciales en los que se fundamente su poder social. En el País Vasco la permanencia del régimen de patronato conferirá un especial protagonismo a los ingresos procedentes del ejercicio de la religión.
Los enfermos del Hospital Real de Santiago: serie completa hasta mediados del siglo XIX (1)
Authors: Martínez Rodríguez Enrique
Published: October 2017

Presentamos aquí las series completas de ingresos de enfermos y enfermos militares del Hospital Real de Santiago desde su inicio -1630 y 1740, respectivamente- hasta 1840. A través del análisis de los datos anuales, con el complemento de la duración media de las estancias por enfermo, llegamos a saber que la actividad del Hospital se incrementó considerablemente en el curso de la primera mitad del siglo XVIII, si bien una parte de la misma pasó entonces a orientarse a la atención del personal militar presente en la ciudad. Con la Guerra de la Independencia, esta orientación se vería enormemente potenciada, para luego remitir en una medida bastante apreciable, pero manteniendo en el resto de los años estudiados un nivel francamente elevado.
Alfabetización, familia y patrimonio en la Galicia rural: la comarca de Ordes, 1588-1860
Authors: Sandoval Verea Francisco
Published: October 2017

Se abordan los niveles de alfabetización de una comarca rural de transición a la Galicia interior a través de las firmas consignadas en fuentes notariales, fiscales y demográficas. Después de constatar el incremento de los niveles de alfabetización durante el período propuesto, se observa correlación entre firmantes, mayor nivel de renta familiar, mayor tamaño de las familias, distribución territorial de la población, proximidad a las vías de comunicación importantes y red escolar. Los bajos índices de alfabetización que se registran son atribuidos al desigual reparto de la riqueza dentro de la comunidad campesina.
La biblioteca del canónigo doctoral Velasco Pérez de Ibias
Authors: Iglesias Ortega Arturo
Published: October 2017

Gracias a su inventario conocemos parte de la biblioteca personal del canónigo doctoral Velasco Pérez de Ibias, una de las más importantes, cuantitativamente, de todas las bibliotecas de miembros del Cabildo catedral de Santiago en la Edad Moderna. El examen de sus libros nos indica que se trata de la librería de un juista.
A Survey of Perceived Effectiveness of Part 4 Maintenance of Certification
Authors: Tieder Joel S. , Prall Sean P. , Beck Jimmy , Alberda Erin , Jensen Debra , Nair Deepthi , Carline Jan D.
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVES:

Evaluative assessment is needed to inform improvement of Part 4 Maintenance of Certification (MOC), a large-scale program that aims to improve physician knowledge, engagement, and skills in quality improvement (QI). We sought to determine if Part 4 MOC participation improves perceived educational and clinical outcomes by piloting a new physician survey.

METHODS:

We administered a new online survey (MOC Practice, Engagement, Attitude, and Knowledge Survey) to physicians at the beginning and end of a Part 4 MOC project sponsored by a pediatric hospital’s American Board of Medical Specialties’ portfolio program during 2015. Participants worked in academic and community settings and in various accredited specialties. The main outcome was change in survey response on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = best) for 3 learning domains (QI engagement and attitude; QI method application, and improved patient care).

RESULTS:

Of 123 complete responses and a 97% response rate, mean baseline responses were positive or neutral (2.2, 2.3, 1.9, respectively). Responses improved in QI engagement and attitude (−0.15, z score = −2.78, P = .005), QI method application (−0.39, z score = −7.364, P < .005), and improved patient care (−0.11, z score = −1.728, P = .084).

CONCLUSIONS:

A Part 4 MOC physician survey provides valuable data to evaluate and improve the learning activity. In this children’s hospital program, physicians view Part 4 favorably. Participation was associated with modest improvements in perceptions of QI engagement and attitude, application of QI methods, and patient care. Systematic evaluation of all Part 4 MOC projects and programs has the potential to improve the program nationally.
High-Dose Albuterol by Metered-Dose Inhaler Plus a Spacer Device Versus Nebulization in Preschool Children With Recurrent Wheezing: A Double-Blind, Randomized Equivalence Trial
Authors: Ploin Dominique , Chapuis François R. , Stamm Didier , Robert Jacques , David Louis , Chatelain Pierre G. , Dutau Guy , Floret Daniel
Published: November 2017

Inhaled albuterol is the most frequently used bronchodilator for acute wheezing, and nebulization is the standard mode of delivery in hospital setting. However, recent guidelines consider spacer devices as an easier to use, and cost-saving alternative and recommend the high-dose metered-dose inhaler bronchodilator.

Objective. To demonstrate clinical equivalence between a spacer device and a nebulizer for albuterol administration.

Design. Randomized, double-blind, parallel group equivalence trial.

Setting. Pediatric emergency wards at 2 tertiary teaching hospitals.

Patients. Sixty-four 12- to 60-month-old children with acute recurrent wheezing (32 per group).

Interventions. Albuterol was administered through the spacer device (50 μg/kg) or through the nebulizer (150 μg/kg) and repeated 3 times at 20-minute intervals. Parents completed a questionnaire.

Outcome Measures. Pulmonary index, hospitalization, ease of use, acceptability, and pulse oximetry saturation.

Results. The 90% confidence interval of the difference between treatment groups for the median absolute changes in pulmonary index values between T0 and T60 was [−1; +1] and was included in the equivalence interval [−1.5; +1.5]. Clinical improvement increased with time. Less than 10% of the children (3 in each group) required hospitalization (2 in each group attributable to treatment failure). Parents considered administration of albuterol using the spacer device easier (94%) and better accepted by their children (62%).

Conclusions. The efficacy of albuterol administered using the spacer device was equivalent to that of the nebulizer. Given its high tolerance, repeated 50-μg/kg doses of albuterol administered through the spacer device should be considered in hospital emergency departments as first-line therapy for wheezing.
Digital Screen Media and Cognitive Development
Authors: Anderson Daniel R. , Subrahmanyam Kaveri ,   on behalf of the Cognitive Impacts of Digital Media Workgroup
Published: November 2017

In this article, we examine the impact of digital screen devices, including television, on cognitive development. Although we know that young infants and toddlers are using touch screen devices, we know little about their comprehension of the content that they encounter on them. In contrast, research suggests that children begin to comprehend child-directed television starting at ∼2 years of age. The cognitive impact of these media depends on the age of the child, the kind of programming (educational programming versus programming produced for adults), the social context of viewing, as well the particular kind of interactive media (eg, computer games). For children <2 years old, television viewing has mostly negative associations, especially for language and executive function. For preschool-aged children, television viewing has been found to have both positive and negative outcomes, and a large body of research suggests that educational television has a positive impact on cognitive development. Beyond the preschool years, children mostly consume entertainment programming, and cognitive outcomes are not well explored in research. The use of computer games as well as educational computer programs can lead to gains in academically relevant content and other cognitive skills. This article concludes by identifying topics and goals for future research and provides recommendations based on current research-based knowledge.
Digital Media, Anxiety, and Depression in Children
Authors: Hoge Elizabeth , Bickham David , Cantor Joanne
Published: November 2017

There are growing concerns about the impact of digital technologies on children’s emotional well-being, particularly regarding fear, anxiety, and depression. The 2 mental health categories of anxiety and depression will be discussed together because there is significant symptom overlap and comorbidity. Early research has explored the impact of traditional media (eg, television, movies) on children’s acute fears, which can result in anxieties and related sleep disturbances that are difficult to remedy. More recent research deals with the interactive nature of newer media, especially social media, and their impacts on anxiety and depression. Key topics of inquiry include the following: anxiety and depression associated with technology-based negative social comparison, anxiety resulting from lack of emotion-regulation skills because of substituted digital media use, social anxiety from avoidance of social interaction because of substituted digital media use, anxiety because of worries about being inadequately connected, and anxiety, depression, and suicide as the result of cyberbullying and related behavior. A growing body of research confirms the relationship between digital media and depression. Although there is evidence that greater electronic media use is associated with depressive symptoms, there is also evidence that the social nature of digital communication may be harnessed in some situations to improve mood and to promote health-enhancing strategies. Much more research is needed to explore these possibilities.
Digital Media and Sleep in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: LeBourgeois Monique K. , Hale Lauren , Chang Anne-Marie , Akacem Lameese D. , Montgomery-Downs Hawley E. , Buxton Orfeu M.
Published: November 2017

Given the pervasive use of screen-based media and the high prevalence of insufficient sleep among American youth and teenagers, this brief report summarizes the literature on electronic media and sleep and provides research recommendations. Recent systematic reviews of the literature reveal that the vast majority of studies find an adverse association between screen-based media consumption and sleep health, primarily via delayed bedtimes and reduced total sleep duration. The underlying mechanisms of these associations likely include the following: (1) time displacement (ie, time spent on screens replaces time spent sleeping and other activities); (2) psychological stimulation based on media content; and (3) the effects of light emitted from devices on circadian timing, sleep physiology, and alertness. Much of our current understanding of these processes, however, is limited by cross-sectional, observational, and self-reported data. Further experimental and observational research is needed to elucidate how the digital revolution is altering sleep and circadian rhythms across development (infancy to adulthood) as pathways to poor health, learning, and safety outcomes (eg, obesity, depression, risk-taking).
Screen Media Exposure and Obesity in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Robinson Thomas N. , Banda Jorge A. , Hale Lauren , Lu Amy Shirong , Fleming-Milici Frances , Calvert Sandra L. , Wartella Ellen
Published: November 2017

Obesity is one of the best-documented outcomes of screen media exposure. Many observational studies find relationships between screen media exposure and increased risks of obesity. Randomized controlled trials of reducing screen time in community settings have reduced weight gain in children, demonstrating a cause and effect relationship. Current evidence suggests that screen media exposure leads to obesity in children and adolescents through increased eating while viewing; exposure to high-calorie, low-nutrient food and beverage marketing that influences children’s preferences, purchase requests, consumption habits; and reduced sleep duration. Some evidence also suggests promise for using interactive media to improve eating and physical activity behaviors to prevent or reduce obesity. Future interdisciplinary research is needed to examine the effects of newer mobile and other digital media exposures on obesity; to examine the effectiveness of additional interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of media exposures on obesity and possible moderators and mediators of intervention effects; to effectively use digital media interventions to prevent and reduce obesity; and to uncover the mechanisms underlying the causal relationships and interactions between obesity-related outcomes and media content, characteristics, and context.
Digital Media and Risks for Adolescent Substance Abuse and Problematic Gambling
Authors: Romer Dan , Moreno Megan
Published: November 2017

Digital media provide increased opportunities for both marketing and social transmission of risky products and behavior. We briefly review what is known about adolescent exposure to favorable presentations of addictive substances, such as alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, as well as behaviors such as gambling, on social and other online media. Our understanding of these influences and whether they require greater regulation is still developing, and recommendations for future research to address these gaps in our understanding are described. Potential strategies to intervene in these environments to protect adolescents and young adults from the adverse effects of these products are described, as well as future challenges for developing interventions.
Sexual Media and Childhood Well-being and Health
Authors: Collins Rebecca L. , Strasburger Victor C. , Brown Jane D. , Donnerstein Edward , Lenhart Amanda , Ward L. Monique
Published: November 2017

Sexual content is highly prevalent in traditional media, and portrayals rarely depict the responsibilities and risks (eg, condom use, pregnancy) associated with sexual activity. Exposure to such content is linked with shifts in attitudes about sex and gender, earlier progression to sexual activity, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infection among adolescents. However, little information is available about moderators and mediators of these effects. We also know little about digital media, their sex-related content, and their potential influence on youth. Data from a few studies of older youth indicate that sexual displays on social media sites are related to problematic beliefs and behaviors among those who post this content and among viewers. Online pornography appears to be more problematic for youth than off-line sources. Given the vast and increasing amount of time youth spend online and their developmental openness to influence, more research attention to digital sexual media is needed. Those who undertake this work should identify potential negative consequences of use and opportunities to improve adolescent sexual health through digital media. Studies of on- and off-line media in which researchers examine younger media audiences, identify processes explaining sexual media effects on behavior, and moderators of effects are needed. Such studies could be used to inform interventions to reduce negative outcomes and increase positive media effects. Policy makers should stimulate the development of such interventions, including tools to help parents identify and manage negative media influences on their children’s sexual well-being and development and dissemination of innovative media literacy programs related to sexual health.
Oral anticoagulant therapy for early post-TAVI thrombosis
Authors: Ruparelia Neil ,   Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford
Published: November 2017

While transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is now the accepted treatment option of choice for patients presenting with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who are deemed to be inoperable or of high surgical risk, there have been concerns regarding the risk of early valve failure and durability. One potential limitation is the occurrence of early post-TAVI thrombosis. Whilst the incidence of obstructive transcatheter heart valve (THV) thrombosis is <1 %, with technological advances in imaging, it is increasingly apparent that the overall true incidence is likely to be much higher with between 7–40 % of patients observed to have appearances strongly suggestive of asymptomatic subclinical THV thrombosis. This short review discusses the diagnosis of early THV thrombosis and the role of anticoagulation therapy for the management of these patients.
Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação a Serviço da Aviação
Authors: Rosa Maurício Machado da
Published: October 2017

Uma visão sobre Big Data na Aviação e possibilidades futuras.
Az 1-es típusú diabetes genetikája: jelen és jövő
Authors: Lukács Krisztina , Pánczél Pál , Hosszúfalusi Nóra
Published: October 2017

Abstract:

Over the past decades the majority of genetic research focused on common diseases, and remarkable results were obtained for exploring the genetic background of type 1 diabetes. The classic linkage analyses and the modern genome-wide association studies demonstrated that the genetic background is the primary risk factor for beta-cell autoimmunity while the progression to clinical onset could be triggered by the genetic factors, epigenetic modifications of gene expression and environmental factors together. The new system biology concept can help to understand the mechanisms underlying the immune-mediated beta-cell destruction by generating networks based on data from whole genome scans, fine mapping and gene expression studies to develop targeted prevention and therapeutic strategies. In this paper, we discuss the present understanding of genetic factors which could initiate beta-cell autoimmunity (i.e. define the aetiology) and the genetic and epigenetic factors which might contribute to the progression to clinical disease in individuals with autoantibodies (i.e. define the pathogenesis). Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(44): 1731–1740.
Características para una plataforma de información dirigida a profesionales que desean vivir y trabajar en el exterior basada en marketing experiencial y diseño de servicios
Authors: Guerrero Farfán Yady Marcela , Rojas-Berrio Sandra Patricia
Published: October 2017

La necesidad de mejorar el nivel de vida por parte de colombianos calificados, motiva a buscar opciones fuera del país, pero el desconocimiento sobre procesos relacionados con ello es una brecha que inhibe que se de este fenómeno. Dado lo anterior, esta investigación tiene como propósito describir las características de una plataforma de información para profesionales que quieren vivir y trabajar en el exterior desde la perspectiva del Marketing Experiencial y el Diseño de Servicios. Para tal fin, desde un enfoque social digital y de co-creación se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad y encuestas. Los principales hallazgos permiten afirmar que los usuarios quieren ser parte de la creación de este tipo de plataformas, conocer experiencias de otras personas y transmitir sus experiencias a otros. Así mismo, las características de la plataforma que mayor valoración tendrían entre los posibles usuarios son: ser actualizada, clara, rápida, confiable, veraz y amable.
“The Lines Between Us”: Exploring the Identity of the Community Musician Through an Arts Practice Research Approach
Authors: Turner Kathleen
Published: November 2017

This artist statement and video offer an extract from an auto-ethnographic performance of my learning journey as a doctoral student, titled The Lines Between Us. The video provides an example of how I used arts practice research in my doctoral thesis to bring together multiple aspects of my identity: those of singer, songwriter, community musician, and researcher. I utilised my skills as a singer and songwriter in order to better understand my practice as a community musician, to communicate my learning process to an audience, and to become a more empathetic and effective facilitator working in a field that is deeply connected to social justice. Since the video presented is a sample from a much larger work, this artist statement provides context for the reader / audience and guidance on how to engage meaningfully with the performance. In particular, this statement will consider the following: What is community music? Why arts practice research? What did this performance seek to achieve? The audience is invited to experience this performance and to further discuss its efficacy by engaging with a series of points to consider.
Autobiografia de Raízes do Brasil: rememoração e comemoração do ensaio nos anos 1970-1980
Authors: De Carvalho Raphael Guilherme
Published: October 2017

Nesses oitenta anos de Raízes do Brasil (1936), de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, uma das fases importantes de sua história se passou entre as décadas de 1970e 1980. Nesse período, ficouconsolidada, a partir da edição definitiva (1969), a posição do livro comoclássico da historiografia brasileira. Se desdeoinício de século 21 tem sido realizado o trabalho de cotejo das suas diferentes edições, procuro chamar a atenção para a importância de alguns elementos imanentes oucomplementares ao texto – que ainda hoje pesam sobre a recepção e a história do livro. Quais sejam: entre 1970 e 1980, as relações entre asrememorações autocríticasde seu autor, a incorporação de materiais paratextuais e as sucessivas comemorações da obra. Tais elementos também importaram, pois, no processo de recontextualização do ensaio naquelas décadas e na formação de densa camada de memória acerca de Raízes do Brasil e seu autor
ESTIMATES OF GENETIC PARAMETERS AND SELECTION GAINS TO SCAB RESISTANCE IN SOUR PASSION FRUIT
Authors: BATISTTI MARIANA , ARAÚJO DEJÂNIA VIEIRA DE , KRAUSE WILLIAM , MENDES INÊS ROEDER NOGUEIRA , AMBRÓSIO JURANDIR
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Passion fruit stands out as one of the most cultivated fruits in Brazil. As the culture expanded, an increase in phytosanitary problems was observed. Fungal diseases like scab are among phytosanitary problems. The aim of this study was to quantify scab intensity on leaves, and to estimate genetic parameters and selection gains to scab resistance in sour passion fruit full related families (FRF). Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the reaction of FRF, the first period from January to April (environment 1) and the second from May to August 2014 (environment 2). Experiments were conducted in greenhouse. Randomized block design for both experiments with FRF in two seasons was used, with three plants per plot and three repetitions. The evaluated characteristics were: score within 42 days after inoculation (DAI), area under the disease progress curve of severity (AUDPCS) and incidence (AUDPCI). Individual and joint variance trait analyses were carried out, estimating genetic parameters and gains per direct and indirect selection. Heritability estimates in a broad sense were higher than 89.9% for all traits in the individual and joint analysis. Selection gains were high for the evaluated traits in both environments and the greatest genetic progress was obtained by the direct selection in each feature. Of FRF selected, 92% and 36% were classified as moderate for environments 1 and 2, respectively. The highest gains in direct and indirect selection were obtained for AUDPCS in the individual analyses of environments and in the joint analysis. FRF 68, 46, 66, 75, 47, 51, 52, 54 and 77 were moderately resistant, which allows their use in a scab resistance breeding program.
CHARACTERIZATION OF MANGABEIRA TREES AND FRUITS IN THE SAVANNAH-RESTINGA TRANSITION ZONE
Authors: SILVA LARISSA DE PAULA VIANA DA , ARAUJO JOSÉ RIBAMAR GUSMÃO , ROCHA ARIADNE ENES , CARVALHO MARY JANE NUNES , BRAUN HEDER , MESQUITA MÁRIO LUIZ RIBEIRO
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Brazil is the third largest fruit producer in the world, but many native fruits remain underexploited, as is the case for mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes). Little is known about general aspects of this species in its naturally occurring environment. Thus, this study aimed to characterize plant and fruit morphologies from native mangabeira selections in the Savannah-Restinga vegetation transition zone. The experiment was carried out in Patizal, Recanto and Recurso villages located in the Morros municipality, Maranhão State, dominated by extensive Savannah-Restinga vegetation transition zone with naturally occurring mangabeiras. Forty five mangabeira trees were randomly chosen from native selections in the three villages. Data collected were plant height, stem height, stem diameter, canopy volume, number of main and secondary branches and number of fruits. Twenty fruits were collected per plant to determine the mass, length and diameter, pulp and skin mass, pulp yield, seed number and seed mass. There was a high degree of variability for all assessed variables except for the pulp yield (average = 86.69%, minimum = 76.75% and maximum = 91.11%; CV= 3.51%). Significant and positive high magnitude correlations were noted among the variables of fruit mass and pulp mass plus skin with seed number (r=0,01; ?=0,78 e ?=0,74, respectively).
Ischiofemoral impingement secondary to valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy: a case report
Authors: Carvalho Alice Duarte de , Garcia Flávio Luís , Nogueira-Barbosa Marcello Henrique
Published: November 2017

Abstract We report an unusual case of ischiofemoral impingement secondary to valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy. The osteotomy was performed for treatment of epiphysiolysis of the left femoral head.
The value of percutaneous transhepatic treatment of biliary strictures following pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Cardarelli-Leite Leandro , Fornazari Vinicius Adami Vayego , Peres Rogério Renato , Salzedas-Neto Alcides Augusto , Gonzalez Adriano Miziara , Szejnfeld Denis , Goldman Suzan Menasce
Published: November 2017

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the percutaneous transhepatic approach to the treatment of biliary strictures in pediatric patients undergoing liver transplantation. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of data obtained from the medical records, laboratory reports, and imaging examination reports of pediatric liver transplant recipients who underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, because of clinical suspicion of biliary strictures, between 1st September 2012 and 31 May 2015. Data were collected for 12 patients, 7 of whom were found to have biliary strictures. Results: In the 7 patients with biliary strictures, a total of 21 procedures were carried out: 2 patients (28.6%) underwent the procedure twice; 3 (42.8%) underwent the procedure three times; and 2 (28.6%) underwent the procedure four times. Therefore, the mean number of procedures per patient was 3 (range, 2–4), and the average interval between them was 2.9 months (range, 0.8–9.1 months). The drainage tube remained in place for a mean of 5.8 months (range, 3.1–12.6 months). One patient presented with a major complication, hemobilia, which was treated with endovascular embolization. Clinical success was achieved in all 7 patients, and the mean follow-up after drain removal was 15.4 months (range, 5.3–26.7 months). Conclusion: The percutaneous transhepatic approach to treating biliary strictures in pediatric liver transplant recipients proved safe, with high rates of technical and clinical success, as well as a low rate of complications.
Adesão ao preenchimento do checklist de segurança cirúrgica
Authors: Ribeiro Helen Cristiny Teodoro Couto , Quites Humberto Ferreira de Oliveira , Bredes Ana Caroline , Sousa Kelen Adriane da Silva , Alves Marília
Published: November 2017

Resumo: O estudo descreve a adesão ao preenchimento do checklist de cirurgia segura e seus respectivos itens pelos profissionais de saúde do centro cirúrgico de um hospital público. Trata-se de um estudo documental e retrospectivo referente ao período entre 2010 e 2015. Os resultados mostram que foram preenchidos 58,5% de checklist em um total de 24.421 cirurgias realizadas. A adesão ao instrumento foi maior nos dias úteis apenas no primeiro ano do estudo, mesmo existindo um profissional específico para seu preenchimento. Houve diferenças no preenchimento entre os momentos cirúrgicos do checklist, e, nos momentos 1 e 2, há itens que nunca foram utilizados como apresentação dos membros da equipe, identificação do paciente e local da cirurgia. Não foram observadas mudanças importantes na adesão ao preenchimento do checklist de cirurgia segura no período do estudo.
Controvérsias sobre a ampliação das áreas com vacinação de rotina contra a febre amarela no Brasil
Authors: Noronha Tatiana Guimarães de , Camacho Luiz Antonio Bastos
Published: November 2017

Resumo: Febre amarela é uma doença viral potencialmente grave, transmitida por mosquitos Haemagogus, Aedes e Sabethes. A vacinação é a medida mais importante para a sua prevenção e controle. Neste artigo, analisamos as recomendações de vacinação no Brasil, segundo a epidemiologia da doença nas últimas décadas. Considerando a facilidade de deslocamentos de suscetíveis para áreas de risco, e sua tendência de expansão, é provável que eventualmente todo o país tenha de adotar a vacinação rotineira. Porém, no processo decisório de ampliação da população candidata à vacinação, questões relacionadas à segurança vacinal têm sido destacadas. Apresentamos uma análise dos riscos e benefícios da vacinação e das estratégias para o controle da doença e prevenção da sua urbanização nas regiões onde a vacina ainda não é recomendada. Concluímos que a introdução da vacina contra a febre amarela no calendário de vacinação das crianças é uma estratégia proativa, de mais fácil operacionalização, como resposta ao aumento do número de casos de febre amarela silvestre no Brasil e tentativa de prevenção da reurbanização da doença.
NÍVEIS DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE ADOLESCENTES SURDOS E OUVINTES
Authors: Andrade Luana Foroni , Castro Shamyr Sulyvan de
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Introdução: A Organização Mundial da Saúde tem alertado para o crescente quadro de sedentarismo e suas consequências entre as populações. A inatividade física passou a ser o quarto principal fator de risco de saúde, tornando-se um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública na atualidade. Populações como adolescentes surdos brasileiros têm sido negligenciadas com ausência de inquéritos de saúde voltados à investigação dessa variável e proposições de estratégias que garantam equiparação de oportunidades. Objetivo: Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo verificar o nível de atividade física entre adolescentes surdos comparados a adolescentes ouvintes. Métodos: O grupo de adolescentes ouvintes mostrou-se significativamente mais ativo que os adolescentes surdos (61,29% para 29,03% com p < 0,05). Resultados: O resultado da presente pesquisa evidencia que há necessidade de investigações sobre as realidades em que se desenvolvem os programas e ações voltados ao esporte para adolescentes surdos. Conclusões: É imprescindível buscar as causas e propor soluções junto a órgãos gestores e secretarias ligadas ao esporte, saúde e educação para a diminuição do índice encontrado, proporcionando equiparação de oportunidades entre surdos e ouvintes.