bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects of HIV elimination among men who have sex with men: a systematic review of modeling studies
Authors: Roberts Jacob Aiden , Teslya Alexandra , Kretzschmar Mirjam E. , van de Wijgert Janneke H.H.M. , Rozhnova Ganna
Published: September 2024

Background

Despite advances in HIV treatment and prevention, men who have sex with men (MSM) remain disproportionately affected by HIV worldwide. This systematic review summarizes the results of mathematical modeling studies that evaluated whether interventions might eliminate HIV in MSM populations by geographical setting, type of intervention(s), elimination definition, and model characteristics.

Methods

We searched Embase and PubMed for modeling studies published between July 1, 2016 and August 7, 2023. Studies were included if they used a dynamic model to assess the impact of interventions on HIV transmission among MSM. Data were extracted on article information, study population, interventions, elimination definitions, model type, model structure, and calibration. The studies were critically appraised by evaluating the comprehensiveness of their models in addressing elimination.

Findings

Of the 2,732 identified records, 80 studies were included. MSM populations in only five of the eight Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) regions were modeled, with over half of the models considering MSM in the USA. Complex agent-based models were the most common overall, while simpler compartmental models predominated outside Western and Central Europe and North America. Thirty-five of the 80 studies defined elimination as reductions or thresholds in HIV incidence or prevalence, a reproduction number below one, or the elimination of racial disparities. Elimination was achieved in 32 out of 44 modeled scenarios, but the authors of only six of these 32 scenarios thought the interventions required to achieve elimination were feasible. The six feasible elimination scenarios were reported in compartmental models for few countries in Western Europe and Asia. Models in which elimination was achieved most commonly used a combination of interventions that included pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and/or test-and-treat, except in Africa, where PrEP was not included.

Interpretation

Modeling efforts to understand HIV elimination prospects among MSM outside Western and Central Europe and North America should be intensified. Various definitions of elimination reflect perspectives from both modeling and public health. To enhance study comparability and for models to contribute effectively to public health policy, the use of an elimination definition based on an incidence threshold would be the most valuable. Furthermore, by identifying gaps in current studies, we recommend novel research directions for modeling to inform a coordinated global response for HIV elimination among MSM.

Funding

Aidsfonds, EU.
Comparative pan-genomics reveals divergent adaptations in clinically-relevant members of theFusarium solanispecies complex
Authors: Brassington Phillip J.T. , Fabre Maria Laura , Zimmermann Anna , Perrier Marion , Martin Ronny , Kurzai Oliver , Barber Amelia E.
Published: September 2024

TheFusarium solanispecies complex are a group of dual-kingdom fungal pathogens capable of causing devastating disease on a wide range of host plants and life-threatening infections in humans that are difficult to treat. In this study, we generate highly contiguous genomes for three clinical isolates ofFusarium keratoplasticumand three clinical isolates ofFusarium petroliphilumand compare them with other genomes of the FSSC from plant and animal sources. We find that human pathogenicity is polyphyletic within the FSSC, including inF. keratoplasticum. Pan-genome analysis revealed a high degree of gene presence-absence in the complex, with only 41% of genes (11,079/27,068) found in all samples and the presence of accessory chromosomes encoding isolate- and species-specific genes. We also defined conserved long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) betweenF. keratoplasticumandF. petroliphilum,revealing that they show a similar low degree of presence-absence variation. Secondary metabolite analysis revealed a conserved core set of biosynthetic gene clusters across the FSSC, as well as a unique cluster potentially linked to keratitis. Transcriptomic analysis under stress conditions showed minimal differential gene expression, indicating that bothF. keratoplasticumandF. petroliphilumare well adapted to human infection-relevant conditions. This study provides valuable insights into the evolutionary dynamics, genomic architecture, and potential pathogenicity mechanisms of the FSSC, with implications for understanding multi-kingdom virulence, of increasing relevance as climate change potentially increases the number of fungal species that can grow at human temperatures.
Metrics depending on one variable in
D
-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory
Authors: Sabra W. A.
Published: September 2024

We present new families of solutions of D-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory depending on one variable for all space-time signatures. The solutions found can be thought of as generalized Melvin solutions including flux tubes, domain walls, and cosmological space-times. Explicit examples are given in four and five space-time dimensions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Laser-induced modification of an excited-state vibrational wave packet in neutral
H2
observed in a pump-control scheme
Authors: Borisova Gergana D. , Barber Belda Paula , Hu Shuyuan , Birk Paul , Stooß Veit , Hartmann Maximilian , Fan Daniel , Moshammer Robert , Saenz Alejandro , Ott Christian , Pfeifer Thomas
Published: September 2024

We observe and modify a molecular vibrational wave packet in an electronically excited state of the neutral hydrogen molecule. In an extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) time-domain absorption spectroscopy experiment, we launch a vibrational wave packet in the DΠu13pπ state of H2 and track its time evolution via the coherent dipole response. The reconstructed time-dependent dipole from experimentally measured XUV absorption spectra provides access to the revival of the vibrational wave packet, which we control via an intense near-infrared (NIR) pulse. Tuning the intensity of the NIR pulse, we observe the revival of the wave packet to be significantly modified, which is supported by the results of a multilevel simulation as well as an analytical model based on state-specific phase shifts. The NIR field is applied only 7 fs after the creation of the wave packet but influences its evolution up to at least its first revival at 270 fs. This experimental approach for nonlocal-in-time laser modification of quantum dynamics in a pump-control scheme enabled by molecular self-probing is generally applicable to a large range of molecules and materials as it only requires the observation of absorption spectra.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
1,4-Dimethylpiperazine-2,3-dione
Authors: Khamrang Themmila , Ponraj C. , Hemamalini Madhukar , Antony G. Jerald Maria , Saravanan Dhandayutham
Published: September 2024

In the title compound, C6H10N2O2, the piperazine-2,3-dione ring adopts a half-chair conformation. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming (010) sheets.
Investigating customers’ purchase intentions for electric vehicles with linkage of theory of reasoned action and self-image congruence
Authors: Rahma Baher , Kramberger Tomaž , Barakat Mahmoud , Ali Ahmed Hussein
Published: September 2024

Purpose

In recent years, the global focus has increasingly shifted toward the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) due to growing concerns about environmental sustainability and the imperative of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The transportation sector, a significant contributor to air pollution and climate change, faces increasing pressure to embrace EVs as a solution. However, the resistance exhibited by customers toward adopting new technology poses a substantial obstacle to the widespread adoption of EVs. Drawing on the link between theory of reasoned action (TRA) and self-congruity theory, this research aims to determine the factors that affect the customer intention toward EV.

Design/methodology/approach

The research conducts a questionnaire collecting 950 respondents from the Egyptian market. The research used primary quantitative data from online and self-administered questionnaires.

Findings

The findings indicated that green trust, price sensitivity and reliability have a positive impact on customer’s intention. However, self-image congruence was not affecting customer intention. For the moderating role of financial self-efficacy, it is affecting the relationship between price sensitivity and customer’s purchase intentions toward EV.

Research limitations/implications

This research will expand the theory by conceptualizing its abstract notions through research variables and implementing them in the Egyptian market. Furthermore, it links the two distinct theories. This knowledge can be utilized by policymakers and stakeholders to expedite the adoption of EVs in the Egyptian market.

Originality/value

This study presents a conceptual framework for managers and policymakers about the factors that affect the customer to buy EVs, since the international organizations emphasize eco-friendly transportation systems.
Tripartite evolutionary game analysis of government reward and punishment mechanisms and agricultural resilience under a dual carbon context
Authors: Zhou Xiaoli , Han Mingyang
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Under the “dual carbon” framework, the article explores the equilibrium points among the government, agricultural enterprises and village committees, and uses sensitivity analysis to reveal the dynamic factors affecting these stakeholders, thereby proposing methods to enhance agricultural disaster resilience.

Design/methodology/approach

The article uses MATLAB to construct a game model for the three parties with interests: agribusiness, government and village council. It examines the stability of strategies among these entities. Through graphical simulation, the paper analyzes the sensitivity of agricultural enterprises carbon emissions and village committees’ rent-seeking behaviors in the decision-making process, focusing on significant factors such as government carbon tax and regulatory policies.

Findings

A single government reward and punishment mechanism is insufficient to influence the strategic choices of enterprises and village committees. The cost of rent-seeking does not affect the strategic choices of enterprises and village committees. A key factor influencing whether the village committee engages in rent-seeking is the level of labor income of the village committee as an “intermediary”.

Originality/value

This paper focuses on the dynamic game between three stakeholders (the government, agricultural enterprises and village committees), seeking dynamic equilibrium and conducting sensitivity analysis through visualization to provide the government with optimal policy recommendations.
Adoption of NFT transaction in metaverse platform: a trust transfer approach to leverage trust among users
Authors: P. Pragha , Natarajan Thamaraiselvan , Dhalmahapatra Krantiraditya
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Recent growth of metaverse adoption has impacted the adoption of nonfungible tokens (NFTs) which is becoming increasingly attractive. Recently, researchers have explored the adoption of NFTs in metaverse platform. However, considering the risk involved in the transaction, the need for trust on NFT transaction arises. Drawing on trust transfer theory, this study aims to fill this gap by investigating the trust transfer process from trust on metaverse platform and online payment. Moreover, the moderating effect of perceived effectiveness of dispute resolution (PEDR) between trust and adoption of NFT transaction in metaverse platform is explored.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts an empirical approach using a questionnaire survey in India based on simple random sampling technique and is analyzed using structural equation modeling through the Smart PLS software.

Findings

The findings reveal that users with a higher trust disposition will trust the metaverse platforms, online payments and NFT transactions in the metaverse. Also, the study reveals that trust transfers from the metaverse platform and online payments toward NFT transactions in the metaverse, which further leads to the adoption intent of NFT. The study provides information for platforms on how the trust transfer process occurs and how to manage conflict resolution to attract the trust of users to use NFTs in their transaction.

Research limitations/implications

The study makes a valuable contribution by identifying the significant impact of trust disposition and social influence in explaining user trust in NFT transactions within the metaverse. Also, the study explores how established trust in conventional online payment mechanisms translates and contributes to trust-building on NFTs and transactional contexts within virtual worlds.

Practical implications

This study implies that ensuring robust security measures for NFT transactions, such as two-factor authentication, blockchain verification and secure wallets, can reassure users with different levels of trust disposition.

Social implications

Metaverse platforms should focus on educating users about how trust operates within their environment by providing tutorials, FAQs and support channels to help users navigate the process confidently. Highlighting security measures, user rights and privacy protections can enhance trust toward NFT payment.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study contributes to research as it is the first of its kind study to explore the factors affecting adoption intent of NFTs transaction in metaverse platform using trust transfer theory. Thereby, developing substantial theoretical and practical contributions by considering an emerging technology.
Taking ESG strategies for achieving profits: a dynamic panel data analysis
Authors: Useche Alejandro J. , Martínez-Ferrero Jennifer , Reyes Giovanni E.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The goal is to investigate the relationship between financial performance and environmental, social and governance (ESG) indicators and disclosures for a sample of Latin American firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Dynamic panel data regressions are used to analyze a sample of 114 companies listed on the Latin American Integrated Market, MILA (Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru) for the period 2011–2020. The Altman Z-score and Piotroski F-score are used as indicators of the probability of default and comprehensive financial strength. Models are developed in which the relationship between economic value added (EVA) and Jensen’s alpha are evaluated against firms’ ESG practices.

Findings

A direct relationship between ESG strategies and financial performance was found. Better practices and transparency in ESG are related to lower probability of bankruptcy, greater financial strength, greater EVA and superior risk-adjusted returns.

Research limitations/implications

ESG data were obtained from the Bloomberg system based on a methodology that may differ from other sources. The sample covers four Latin American countries and large corporations. Independent variables were selected for their perceived validity, given their frequent use in previous studies.

Practical implications

Evidence for company management regarding the importance of strengthening ESG practices and reporting should be part of their balanced scorecards. For investors, the results support the importance of evaluating ESG practices in asset selection.

Originality/value

The present study is the first research to present empirical evidence on the relationship between ESG scores and disclosures for MILA countries, using a comprehensive set of financial performance indicators (Altman Z-scores, Piotroski F-scores, EVA and Jensen’s alpha).
Financial literacy and small and medium enterprises performance: the moderating role of financial access
Authors: Abdallah Wael , Harraf Arezou , Ghura Hasan , Abrar Maryam
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The current study examines the relationship between financial literacy and small and the performance of medium enterprises (SMEs), focusing on the moderating role of financial access.

Design/methodology/approach

The population of this study consists of present SMEs in Kuwait, from whom a sample of 155 businesses was chosen. This study adopted a cross-sectional time frame and analyzed the collected data using partial least square structural equation modeling, and Smart-pls 4 software was applied for calculation.

Findings

This research reveals that financial literacy significantly influences SME performance, consistent with previous studies, showing that higher financial literacy promotes entrepreneurs' financial management capabilities and enhances business outcomes. Also, the study supports that financial access significantly moderates this relationship, pointing out that adequate access to financial services boosts the benefits of financial literacy.

Research limitations/implications

Major implications of this study compromise the urgent need for customized financial literacy programs and policies promoting financial thoroughness, particularly in enhancing economies. The study recognizes limitations such as its cross-sectional design, small sample size and reliance on self-reported measures, suggesting further research use longitudinal approaches, a larger sample and objective measures.

Practical implications

The authors’ recommendations contain comprehensive financial literacy training, development of targeted financial education initiatives, promotion of sound financial management practices and policies to enhance financial access and inclusion, all aimed at boosting SME performance and contributing to economic growth.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is Kuwait’s first of its sort. Thus, the research is even more critical in Kuwait, where social and corporate values differ significantly. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between financial literacy and the performance of Kuwait’s SMEs moderated by financial access.
Information technology competency and supply chain performance: role of risk management orientation and supply chain agility
Authors: Rasool Mehwish , Murtza Muhammad Hamid , Rasheed Muhammad Imran , Leong Aliana Man Wai , Okumus Fevzi , Bai Jingyi
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the nexus between information technology (IT) competency, supply chain agility and supply chain performance in the hospitality industry. The authors examine the association of IT competency and supply chain performance through supply chain agility while considering the boundary condition role of risk management.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected data via a questionnaire from 302 full-time hotel and restaurant managers in Pakistan.

Findings

Study results reveal a positive association between IT competency and supply chain performance while supply chain agility mediates this relationship. In addition, risk management is identified as an important boundary condition that moderates the direct and indirect relationships between IT competency and supply chain performance.

Originality/value

Study results reveal an important association between IT competency and supply chain agility contributing to the scholarly discussion on supply chain issues in the hospitality sector.
Collective leadership development in the civic arena
Authors: Kniffin Lori
Published: September 2024

Purpose

As a collective paradigm of leadership emerges in the literature, many community leadership programs still align with leader-centric perspectives. The Kansas Leadership Center’s Leadership Transformation Grant is an exemplar of developing collective leadership in the civic arena. The purpose of this article is twofold: (1) to present the findings of a community-engaged, qualitative research study on the impact of collective leadership development on the practice of civic leadership and (2) to discuss relevant implications learned from reflections on the methodology for the practice of community-engaged research.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is a form of engaged research (Van de Ven, 2007) and is consistent with the principles of community-based research (Strand, Marullo, Cutforth, Stoecker, & Donohue, 2003). I took an exploratory approach to this study because the knowledge intersection of collective leadership, civic leadership and leadership development is still emerging and understudied. I explored the individual, group and systems levels as three components of a complex adaptive system (Uhl-Bien, Marion, & McKelvey, 2007). To better understand the dynamic relationship between individual, group and system in this grant team, I employed a three-phase study including methods of deliberative civic engagement, open-ended survey and interview.

Findings

Findings illustrate the effectiveness of the grant program on developing a shared language and leadership framework and clarifying leadership goals for participants. Implications include the importance of collective leadership development opportunities that center adaptive challenges and convene participants across levels of leadership and sectors. Additionally, the findings highlight the need to consider authority, identity and culture as central components of the practice of leadership. Reflections on the community-engaged methodology demonstrate the value of learning about leadership practices from the community practitioners to inform community leadership development interventions. Implications include approaching research as iterative and pushing back on academic norms that provide tension in engaged work.

Originality/value

Little research crosses all three boundaries of collective leadership, leadership development and civic leadership literature. This intersection focuses on understanding how collective leadership can contribute to enhancing the practice of civic leadership. The current study is situated within this knowledge gap and explores (1) the experiences of members of a civic group who have (2) participated in leadership development that (3) aligns with a collective leadership paradigm and are (4) trying to make progress on an adaptive challenge.
The “less is better” paradox and consumer behaviour: a systematic review of choice overload and its marketing implications
Authors: Dar Auqib Rasool , Gul Maleeha
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study, a systematic literature review, aims to review the state-of-the-art literature on choice overload from 2000 to 2023.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews 53 research articles published in peer-reviewed journals, using thematic and descriptive analyses. The literature was selected using the PRISMA framework.

Findings

Recent research in consumer behaviour has found that too many choices can be detrimental to decision-making. This paper reviews the development of choice overload literature, methodologies used by researchers to study choice overload, small and large choice sets, antecedents, moderators and outcomes of choice overload and the contexts in which choice overload exists.

Research limitations/implications

Limited literature coverage because of the strict adherence to inclusion/exclusion criteria. The theory challenges the conventional choice models in psychology and economics according to which expanding a choice set cannot make decision-making worse and violates the regularity axiom, a cornerstone of classical choice theory. This review also identifies avenues for further research in the field.

Practical implications

A significant decrease in satisfaction or motivation because of too many choices would require marketers and public policymakers to rethink their practice of providing ever-increasing assortments to choose from because they could possibly boost their success by offering less.

Originality/value

This systematic review makes distinctive contributions by classifying the existing studies based on evidence “for” and “against” the existence of choice overload. The review also combines cross-context insights on assortment sizes, moderators and methodological commonalities and gaps to understand the multi-faceted nature and contextual nuances of choice overload.
Vision-based reinforcement learning control of soft robot manipulators
Authors: Li Jinzhou , Ma Jie , Hu Yujie , Zhang Li , Liu Zhijie , Sun Shiying
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to tackle control challenges in soft robots by proposing a visually-guided reinforcement learning approach. Precise tip trajectory tracking is achieved for a soft arm manipulator.

Design/methodology/approach

A closed-loop control strategy uses deep learning-powered perception and model-free reinforcement learning. Visual feedback detects the arm’s tip while efficient policy search is conducted via interactive sample collection.

Findings

Physical experiments demonstrate a soft arm successfully transporting objects by learning coordinated actuation policies guided by visual observations, without analytical models.

Research limitations/implications

Constraints potentially include simulator gaps and dynamical variations. Future work will focus on enhancing adaptation capabilities.

Practical implications

By eliminating assumptions on precise analytical models or instrumentation requirements, the proposed data-driven framework offers a practical solution for real-world control challenges in soft systems.

Originality/value

This research provides an effective methodology integrating robust machine perception and learning for intelligent autonomous control of soft robots with complex morphologies.
Applying Universal Design for Learning to library peer professional development: a case study acknowledging adults as learners
Authors: Press Meggan , Smith James Henry
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This paper tracks the literature through narrative progression from defining accessibility and inclusivity to Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and disability justice. This review culminated in the development of a check list of best practices for librarians who create online learning objects to consider. Then we turn to a case study of presenting these findings to professionals through the framework of UDL with a focus on multiple means of representation and engagement. We conclude with a reflective discussion on process and the potential for broader impact and future directions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents a case study of informing praxis with existing research while experimenting to address gaps in the literature through practice.

Findings

This paper presents a strong argument for using UDL frameworks beyond primary, secondary and higher education to contexts where professionals may be learning.

Originality/value

The research surrounding UDL beyond standard educational contexts does not currently exist, inside or outside of the library literature. This paper presents a new paradigm in expanding accessible and inclusive learning practices to include less formalized learning spaces.
Exploring attitudes and perceptions regarding a self-driving demonstration
Authors: Patel Ronik Ketankumar , Etminani-Ghasrodashti Roya , Pamidimukkala Apurva , Kermanshachi Sharareh , Rosenberger Jay , Foss Ann
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Public opinion regarding autonomous vehicles (AV) heavily influences how quickly the technology will be implemented and adopted in the future. However, there is a dearth of empirical evaluations in the literature about riders' perceptions toward service characteristics of shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) and their attitudes toward developing AVs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify attitudes, views and concerns regarding a self-driving demonstration called RAPID (Rideshare, Automation and Payment Integration Demonstration) incorporated with an already-existing on-demand ridesharing service in Arlington, Texas.

Design/methodology/approach

This study developed a ridership survey to collect data from those who had experience using the service at least once during the service deployment. As the RAPID service operations were restricted to the areas near the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA) campus, sample population of this study is highly skewed with all participants being affiliated with UTA.

Findings

Findings indicated that survey respondents positively perceived the service features, including comfort, boarding the vehicles, ride safety, booking and scheduling, vehicle speed, climate control and service cost. To complement the survey results, the authors conducted interviews and a focus group study and used conventional content analysis to gain more in-depth insights about RAPID service operations from the perspectives of users and non-users in the post-implementation period. The results indicated that geographic accessibility, service availability and trip cost were the primary concerns of the focus group participants.

Originality/value

This study offers critical insights into individual attitudes and perceptions toward shared AVs (SAVs) that will assist local, state and federal transit authorities and planners in formulating policies and transportation strategies to target SAV ridership when the service is more widespread.
Content validation of the NANDA‐I nursing diagnosis risk for perioperative hypothermia (00254)
Authors: Schwanda Manuel , Brunner Silvia , Abreu Almeida Miriam de , Koller Martina , Müller Staub Maria , Ewers Andre
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The objectives of this study were to refine and validate the NANDA‐I nursing diagnosis risk for perioperative hypothermia (RPH) (00254).

Methods

A quantitative, descriptive study was carried out according to the adapted diagnostic content validation model by Fehring. Data from a previously conducted literature study were triangulated with expert validation data to examine the nursing diagnosis RPH as well as potentially suggested new factors resulted from the literature review. In addition, the Wisdom of Crowds model was also considered. A nonprobability sampling technique, including purposive and snowball sampling methods, was used to recruit a panel of nurse experts. An anonymous and standardized questionnaire was developed in three languages for data collection. For validation, descriptive statistics, weighted ratios, and a one‐sample T‐test were used.

Results

Ninety‐two nurse experts from seven countries and three continents participated in this study. Fifty‐eight nurse experts (63%) were female, and 33 (36%) were male, with a mean age of 42.26 years and 19.22 years of working experience. The diagnosis label, definition, 4 out of 5 risk factors (RF), 6 out of 14 at‐risk populations (ARPs), and 5 out of 9 associated conditions (ACs) were classified as major. One RF, eight ARP, and four ACs were considered minor. In addition, the experts validated 1 RF, 5 ARP, and 12 ACs from a previous literature study at least minor.

Conclusions

The nursing diagnosis RPH (00254) could be confirmed by specialized experts. No RF, ARP, or AC of the current nursing diagnosis needed to be rejected, and the added diagnostic indicators increased the robustness of the diagnosis.

Implications for nursing practice

A precise concept of the nursing diagnosis RPH improves nurses' clinical reasoning and strengthens an individualized, evidence‐based care plan.
Is a single minimum wage policy viable option? Evidence from the impact of minimum wage on youth employment in Malaysia
Authors: Shahiri Hazrul , Osman Zulkifly , Aziz Mukhriz Izraf Azman
Published: September 2024

The present study is aimed to identify an ideal mechanism to reduce negative effect of minimum wage on youth employment generation. Using available data from Department of Statistics, the study runs an annual panel regression at the state level based on fixed effect specification model. The finding demonstrates that the minimum wage has a negative effect on employment, particularly among youth. It implies that there is an excess of labour supply in the market at the current wage rate. As a result, the rate set is higher than equilibrium, signifying firm disadvantages. The negative effect is more prevalent if the single national minimum wage rate policy is applied to all states. Therefore, the national wage policy should be thoroughly examined. Instead, a regional wage rate should be explored as a potential solution for mitigating and preventing negative employment effects.
Maternal genetic phylogeography analysis of Kyrgyz native cattle
Authors: Ayin  , Masuko Ryo , Kakutani Naho , Kawaguchi Fuki , Sasazaki Shinji , Sultankulov Sanjar , Zhunushov Asankadyr , Nishibori Masahide , Yonezawa Takahiro , Mannen Hideyuki
Published: September 2024

This study presents the first mitochondrial DNA analysis of native cattle in Kyrgyzstan, examining sequences from the D‐loop region of 20 Kyrgyz native cattle. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to estimate the genetic diversity and lineages, revealing two major haplogroups (T and I). Regional analysis showed a significant frequency difference (p < 0.05) between these haplogroups: Haplogroup I was found to be more prevalent (0.556) in the lower elevation areas (elevation ~1000 m) and less prevalent (0.100) in the higher elevations (elevation ~2500 to 3000 m), suggesting that environmental factors influence genetic distribution among Kyrgyz cattle. Three sub‐haplogroups T2, T3, and T4 were observed within major haplogroup T, whereas only one sub‐haplogroup (I1) was observed in this study. We also compared the distribution patterns of haplogroups T and I in Kyrgyz with those of some areas in Asia previously reported and found that in Central and Northeast Asia, haplogroup T was dominant, but the gene flow of haplogroup I was also present. The results of this study underscore the importance of regional environmental factors, including altitude, in shaping the genetic structure of livestock populations and would be useful to understand the historical movements and adaptations of Kyrgyz native cattle.
A CD38/CD3xCD28 trispecific T‐cell engager as a potentially active agent in multiple myeloma patients relapsed and/or refractory to anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Zabaleta Aintzane , Blanco Laura , Kim Peter S. , Bisht Kamlesh , Wang Hongfang , Van de Velde Helgi , Lasa Marta , Tamariz‐Amador Luis‐Esteban , Rodriguez‐Otero Paula , San‐Miguel Jesús , Paiva Bruno , Martín‐Sánchez Esperanza
Published: September 2024

There is accumulating evidence of BCMA and GPRC5D loss after treatment with T‐cell redirecting therapies in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). While complete CD38 loss is not observed upon relapses after treatment with anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAb), there is downregulation of surface CD38 expression and decreased number and function of NK cells, which renders these patients resistant to retreatment with anti‐CD38 mAb. Here, we provide preclinical evidence that RRMM patients previously exposed to anti‐CD38 mAb could benefit from T‐cell‐based immunotherapy that depend less on CD38 antigen density and NK‐cell activity, such as the novel CD38/CD3xCD28 trispecific T‐cell engager, SAR442257.
Whole‐body MRI for staging prostate cancer: a narrative review
Authors: Fang Andrew M. , Gregg Justin R. , Pettaway Curtis , Ma Jingfei , Szklaruk Janio , Bathala Tharakeswara K. , Surasi Devaki Shilpa S. , Chapin Brian F.
Published: September 2024

Objective

To present a narrative review regarding the diagnostic accuracy of whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) in staging patients with high‐risk prostate cancer (HRPCa) and compare it to established imaging modalities.

Methods

A narrative review was carried out using PubMed using the following keywords: ‘whole body’, ‘magnetic resonance imaging’, ‘MRI’, ‘prostate cancer’, ‘risk stratification’, and ‘staging’. Articles that evaluated WBMRI as the imaging modality to stage patients with HRPCa were included, while studies that solely assessed for biochemical recurrence or metastatic disease progression were excluded.

Results

In the evaluation of lymphatic metastases, WBMRI has demonstrated a comparable, if not improved, sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional imaging of computed tomography (CT). Furthermore, WBMRI demonstrates improved sensitivity and specificity in detecting bone metastases compared to bone scintigraphy (BS). However, with advent of prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET), the diagnostic performance of WBMRI to detect metastatic disease appears inferior.

Conclusions

The diagnostic capabilities of WBMRI exceed that of conventional imaging of CT and BS in detecting metastatic disease in patients with HRPCa. However, WBMRI does not perform as well as PSMA PET/CT. Further study on cost comparisons between WBMRI and PSMA PET/CT are needed, as well as evaluations of combined PSMA PET/MRI are needed.
Microvascular effects of a mixed meal tolerance test: a model validation study
Authors: van Kraaij Sebastiaan J. W. , Eveleens Maarse Boukje Charlotte , Hoevenaars Femke P. M. , Warnke Ines , de Kam Marieke L. , Moerland Matthijs , Gal Pim
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Endothelial dysfunction is a pathophysiological change preceding many cardiovascular events. Measuring improvements of endothelial function is challenging when function is already optimal, which may be remediated using a physiological challenge. This study aimed to determine whether imaging assessments can detect microvascular effects of a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT).

Methods

Twenty healthy volunteers (age ≥45 and ≤70 years) underwent two MMTTs at the beginning (Day 1) and end (Day 84) of a twelve‐week period. Imaging methods included laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) combined with post‐occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) and local thermal hyperaemia (LTH) challenges, passive leg movement ultrasonography (PLM), and sidestream dark field microscopy (SDFM). Measurements were conducted pre‐MMTT and at 5 timepoints post‐MMTT for PLM and SDFM and 3 timepoints post‐MMTT for PORH and LTH.

Results

No consistent effects of the MMTT were detected on LSCI LTH, PLM and SDFM endpoints. LSCI PORH maximum perfusion was significantly suppressed 46, 136, and 300 min post‐MMTT administration on Day 1, while residual perfusion decreased significantly 46 and 136 min post‐MMTT on Day 1. However, when repeated on Day 84, PORH endpoints were not significantly affected by the MMTT.

Conclusion

SDFM, PLM and LSCI LTH endpoints displayed high intra‐subject variability and did not detect consistent effects of MMTT. LSCI PORH endpoints displayed the lowest intra‐subject variability of all assessed endpoints and were affected by the MMTT on Day 1, but not on Day 84. Further standardization of methods or more robust challenges to affect vascular endpoints may be needed.
Long‐term cognitive function changes with non‐vitamin K oral anticoagulants in older patients with atrial fibrillation. A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Armentaro Giuseppe , D'Arrigo Graziella , Pastori Daniele , Crudo Giulia , Daidone Mario , Soraci Luca , Pastura Carlo Alberto , Divino Marcello , Pitino Annalisa , Gori Mercedes , Tripepi Giovanni , Imbalzano Egidio , Corsonello Andrea , Pignatelli Pasquale , Andreozzi Francesco , Tuttolomondo Antonino , Sciacqua Angela
Published: September 2024

Background

Atrial fibrillation is associated with several comorbidities, particularly cognitive impairment and dementia, especially in older patients. Non‐vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) or vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) were used to prevent thromboembolic events. However, data on the real benefit of these drugs on cognitive function decline remains controversial. In this study we evaluated the effect of NOACs compared to VKAs on the absolute and relative decline in cognitive function over time.

Methods

Nine hundred and eighty‐three older patients with nonvalvular AF were enrolled (76 ± 6 years; 291 on VKAs and 692 on NOACs). The cognitive function was assessed with Mini Mental State examination (MMSE) score. The between‐arms difference of cognitive evolution over time was investigated by Linear Mixed Models and group‐based trajectory model analyses.

Results

In the whole multicenter observational study, after a long follow‐up of 7.2 ± 3.4 years, the patients of the NOACs versus VKAs group had lowest absolute reduction of the MMSE score between baseline and follow‐up (−0.3 ± 0.03 vs.−1.7 ± 0.1, p < 0.001). After stratification into five subgroups according to trajectories of MMSE score over time, the probability to belong to trajectories with lower decline in cognitive functions was higher in patients on NOACs than in those on VKAs (3.93–13.88 times).

Conclusion

In older patients with atrial fibrillation, the use of NOACs was associated with a smaller decline of cognitive function over time compared to the VKAs, regardless that patients in the NOACs group were older and with a higher burden of comorbidities.
Low vitamin C status and hypermobility‐related disorders in patients with bleeding disorder of unknown cause
Authors: Leinøe Eva , Fridriksdottir Halla , Rasmussen Andreas Ørslev , Funding Eva , Sørensen Anne Louise Tølbøll , Kampmann Peter , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Rossing Maria
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Bleeding disorder of unknown cause (BDUC) is a challenging diagnosis that predominantly affects women. Previous investigations into connective tissue disorders (CTD) and vitamin C have not been conducted.

Aim

To examine the association between hypermobility‐related disorders, vitamin C status and BDUC.

Methods

Patients were selected following laboratory and genetic screening that yielded negative results for known hemostasis disorders. Sixty patients with BDUC and an ISTH BAT score ≥ 10 underwent clinically examination for skin hyperextensibility and for hypermobility assessed by Beighton score. Vitamin C was analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Genetic screening for causal variants in 42 CTD genes was performed.

Results

The majority of patients were female (56/60). Median ISTH BAT score was 13 (range 10–23). Beighton score was positive in 29/60 patients compared to 1/20 healthy controls (HC) (p < .001). Hyperextensive skin was observed in (18/60) patients, and none (0/20) of the HC (p = .0041). Ten patients met the clinical diagnostic criteria for hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS), and one patient was diagnosed with Noonan syndrome. Genetic screening excluded various subtypes of EDS with known genetic backgrounds. Average vitamin C level was adequate, but lower than in HC (55.9 vs. 70.4 μmol/L; p = .001). Suboptimal, or low vitamin C were identified in 19/60 compared to 1/20 HC (p = .018).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that BDUC is frequently associated with hypermobility disorders and low vitamin C status. Our results could pave the way for a randomized study of vitamin C supplementation in patients with BDUC.
Visual fields, foraging and collision vulnerability in gulls (Laridae)
Authors: Cantlay Jennifer C. , Portugal Steven J. , Martin Graham R.
Published: September 2024

Wide variation in visual field configuration has been recorded among avian species and it is hypothesized that this variation is driven primarily by foraging ecology and predator detection. It has also been shown that visual field configurations can render some species more vulnerable to collisions with human artefacts that extend into open airspace, such as power lines and wind turbines. Visual fields have three main components: the monocular fields describe the extent of the world seen by each eye, the binocular field describes the region where the monocular fields overlap, and the blind area describes the region in which no vision is provided. Among birds, the topography of the binocular field, and the extent and position of the blind area, show considerable interspecific variation. Although Laridae (gulls, terns, skimmers) are a large and cosmopolitan taxon, visual field characteristics of only one species, Black Skimmer Rynchops niger, have been determined. However, skimmers are distinct from other Laridae species because they use a specialized foraging technique based upon tactile cues. We determined visual fields in three species of gulls (European Herring Gulls Larus argentatus, Lesser Black‐backed Gulls Larus fuscus, Black‐legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla), and found that they show the key characteristics associated with visually guided foraging. However, the binocular field does not extend through the full height of the frontal field. This results in a blind sector, which can project in the direction of flight when gulls pitch their heads sufficiently far forwards to visually search the surface below. This could render gulls vulnerable to collisions with anthropogenic structures (power lines, wind turbines) that extend into the open airspace. Photographs show that gulls in level flight do pitch their heads forward sufficiently to render them almost blind in the direction of travel, and further work on the head positions adopted by gulls in flight are recommended. The visual field of skimmers differs markedly from those of gulls. Their binocular field topography is interpreted as functioning in the control of bill position when skimming (flying just above the water surface with the elongated, blade‐like, rhamphotheca of the mandible extending through the water surface). Skimmers also have a blind area, which projects forwards in the direction of travel when skimming. This can be associated with the vulnerability of skimmers to collisions with objects that extend just above the water surface.
Effects of NaCl/KCl ratios on structural and properties changes in soy‐potato protein mixed gel
Authors: Sun Ying , Wang Long , Lu BingLin , Zhou Bin , Liu Shen , Chen Fenglian , Jiang Lianzhou , Zhao Juyang , Zhu Xiuqing
Published: September 2024

To reduce the sodium salt content in protein gel‐based foods, this study investigated the effects of different Na‐K ratios on the gelation properties and structural changes of soy protein isolate (SPI) and potato protein isolate (PPI) composite gels. The results showed that the composite gel properties were further enhanced with increasing Na‐K ratio in the SPI/PPI gel system. Specifically, when the Na‐K ratio was 1:1, the SPI/PPI composite gel exhibited the highest gel strength, gel elasticity, WHC, storage modulus (G′), and β‐sheet content, whereas the α‐helix content and β‐turn content were the lowest. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed a dense and uniform network structure of the composite gel. The addition of low concentrations of Na+ and K+ improved the network structure and water‐holding capacity of the SPI/PPI gel during the heat‐induced gelation process. However, excessively high Na‐K ratios weakened the gel properties.