bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal analysis of Emerging Human Rights Issues
Authors: Qadir Ullah  , Qasim Maryam , Faizan Nazim Muneeba
Published: January 2023

There is now a nearly universal agreement that all humans are entitled to some fundamental rights under all situations. These include various civil and political rights, with the right to physical and life integrity being the most essential. Human rights express the necessity for fairness, tolerance, mutual respect, and basic human rights in all of our actions. When we discuss rights, we can convey the notion that all people fall under the scope of morality and justice. Protecting human rights entails ensuring that individuals are treated with decency. The world has several rules and regulations for protecting basic human rights. Still, the modern era is emerging new problems in the framework of human rights,s which are discussed in this article. Contrarily, breaching fundamental human rights entails denying persons their most fundamental moral responsibilities. This article's primary objective is to identify human rights issues. In the following article, the qualitative research methodology was applied
Poetical Contribution of Shelley in the French Renaissance
Authors: Khan Saima Yousaf , Manzoor Dr. Saima , Akram Dr. Zainab
Published: January 2023

Political injustice, absolute power, and an economic catastrophe contributed to the French Revolution in 1789. The French society attacked the Bastille prison in July 1789, marking the beginning of the French Revolution. The Liberte, Egalite, and Fraternize values that the society fervently upholds create a republican state inspired by J.J. Rousseau. The idea was swiftly abandoned since it made people thinks of warfare. That becomes the ethos of democrats and liberals who promote democracy to defeat tyranny and an oppressive government. English Romantic poets were influenced by this idea to draw inspiration for their works from events in the French Revolutionary society. In response to the failure of the French revolution in 1789, romanticism gained popularity. The Percy Bysshe Shelley poems are grounded in this Rousseau’s theory. A literary work's character during the Romantic era is influenced by a love of nature, conscience, and a sympathetic attitude toward the underprivileged. The cultural antecedents of modern ethnicity and nationality are of interest to romanticism. The purpose and the main objective of the present survey is to investigate and interpret the text in the light of New Historicism in the selected poems of Shelley. The term new historicism invented by Greenblatt whose essays often have a new historicist approach “The foremost charge of new historicism is well-defined as literary texts are obligated with pretentious constructions; which are the part of history and still in the process of composition”.(Muller, 2013).The textual analysis reveals strong effect of French Revolution upon Shelley’s mind ideas about the French Revolution, such as freedom from oppression, humanity, camaraderie, liberty, and equity.
How Urbanization Effect Agriculture Output in Perspective of Pakistan
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Gill Dr. Abid Rashid
Published: January 2023

This analysis attempts to explore the impact of urbanization on agriculture output in Pakistan. The NARDL model is employed to analyze the asymmetric effects of urbanization on agriculture output by using yearly data from 1970 to 2020. The outcomes display that urbanization has asymmetric and statistically significant impacts on agriculture output. Similarly, labour force participation rate and gross fixed capital formation are found to be positive and significant factors of agricultural output, while foreign direct investment and external debt turn out to be negative and significant factors of agriculture output in Pakistan. Environmental degradation is found to be inversely but insignificantly related to agriculture output. It is concluded that urbanization is significantly influencing the agriculture output in Pakistan, so to control the negative consequences of urbanization on agriculture output, agriculture land of the country should be protected. Policies need to be designed to protect the urbanization on agriculture lands.
Investigative Study on Disparities in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Financing Pertaining To Surgical Instruments Cluster
Authors: Mehboob Iftikhar , Raza Professor Dr. Syed Hassan
Published: January 2023

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), are regarded as propellers of job creation, technological advancement, and economic growth. In Pakistan, 99% percent of all enterprises are SMEs’ employing more than 70% of non-agriculture labor. Surgical instruments manufacturing industry of Sialkot comprising SMEs contributes sizably to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and exports. Recent studies has highlighted lack of financing options for SMEs’ and the necessity to determine the responsible factors. Here we report disparities and liable underlying variables in SMEs’ financing especially for surgical instruments cluster located at Sialkot, Pakistan. Results of pilot study discussed with a focus group comprised of 5 firms. Improved questionnaire were administered among 197 firms selected through convenience sampling technique, of which 100 firms responded. Purposive sampling is used to conduct in-depth interviews from 20 firms followed by transcription, content analysis, and themes identification. Data analysis includes reports drawn from NVivo on the basis of word frequency, numbers of paragraph coded and reveals profound statistical relationship among variables. Chi-square test confirms disparities in SMEs’ finance by financial institutions due to non-availability of accounting & financial record; cumbersome procedures; high interest rates, lack of entrepreneurial skills to prepare business plans; and regulatory issues related to the Government.
The Classical and Contemporary Approaches towards International Law: Conceptual and Thematic Study of Siyar (Islamic International Law)
Authors: Farooqi Muhammad Azeem , Rizvi Dr. Aatir , Ramzan Dr. Muhammad
Published: January 2023

This precise research work elucidates the derivation, sources, and gradual development of Islamic international law, which is also termed as “(Siyar).” This article is a humble endeavor to discover the position and role of Islamic International Law (Siyar). It debates about the pioneers and sublime jurists who treated Siyar as a distinct legal discipline and who methodically clarified the basic rubrics of Siyar. This research concludes that as Islamic legal principles are not only one of the leading legal schemes across the globe but also that Islam positions its illustrious place among different creeds and cultures of the world, Islamic jurisprudence is one of the leading sources of international law. The research is qualitative and interpretative, in which authors have relied on the classical and modern writings and have analytically scrutinized them in the modern context. Surely, this article debates that since public international rules are not irreligious in nature, these are “neutral” so as to “go with the flow” of Muslim countries. Siyar only fortifies the commitments of Muslim countries, at the same time; non-Muslim countries are not obligated to follow Islamic law.
Priming seeds of sorghum and sudangrass using water and aquatic extracts of willow and banana
Authors: Mamlić Zlatica , Đukić Vojin , Dozet Gordana , Vasiljević Sanja , Đurić Nenad , Balać Miloš , Bajagić Marija
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of seed priming on seed quality parameters (germination energy, germination, seedling length and vigor index) of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense Pers.). The experiment was performed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. The research was conducted on the seeds of the sorghum variety NS Džin and sudangrass variety Srem. Distilled water and aqueous extracts of young willow branches (Salix matsudana) and mature banana fruits (Musa x paradisiaca) were used to prime the seeds. The seeds were primed for: 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. The results showed that priming sorghum and sudangrass seeds in aqueous extracts of young willow branches and mature banana fruits can have a positive effect on seed quality parameters: germination energy, germination, seedling length and vigor index. The greatest effect on germination energy and seed germination was achieved in sudangrass by using an aqueous extract of young willow branches. The increase was 9.30% and 9.20%, respectively. Priming sorghum seeds in aquatic extracts of mature banana fruits had the greatest effect on seedling length and vigor index. The increase was 36.86% and 40.33%, respectively. For all research parameters, priming for 3 h was the most effective. However, in addition to the positive effect, priming can also have a negative effect. The most significant reduction was found on sorghum seeds, when primed in an aqueous extract of mature banana fruit for 24 hours. Germination energy and germination were reduced by 7.14% and 9.30%, respectively.
Energy consumption and dehydration parameters of microwave drying of carrot
Authors: Petković Marko , Miletić Nemanja , Kurćubić Vladimir , Lukyanov Alexander , Đurović Igor , Filipović Vladimir , Mladenović Vladimir
Published: January 2023

The parameters of microwave dehydration (thickness, mass load, and microwave power level) of carrot slices had a statistically significant (P < 0.05) effect on the drying process. Carrot slices (thicknesses of 3, 6, and 9 mm) were dehydrated as monolayers at microwave power levels (80, 240 W) at different mass loads (1.00, 0.63, and 0.38 kg m-2). The optimal microwave model for the carrot slice microwave dehydration was the model with the microwave power level of 240 W, mass load of 0.38 kg m-2 , and 3 mm thickness, with the shortest dehydration time (15 ± 1 minute) and the lowest energy consumption (0.099 ± 0.002 kWh). The minimum resistance to mass transfer (effective moisture diffusivity) was observed in the models with the thickness of 3 mm, a 1.00 kg m-2 mass load, dehydrated at 80 W (8.2519 × 10-8 ± 8.8815 × 10-10 m 2 s-1). The average activation energy for the analyzed models was 8.972 ± 0.009 W g-1. Therefore, the application of the microwave dehydration method can be considered a proper alternative for the dehydration of carrot slices.
Relation between tax wedge and employment rate: The case of OECD countries
Authors: Kalaš Branimir , Zelenović Vera , Andrašić Jelena
Published: January 2023

The paper investigates the relationship between tax wedge and employment rate in thirty-six OECD countries for the period 2000-2020. The aim of this paper is to identify how tax wedge indicators affect the employment level in these economies. The empirical research includes correlation analysis and panel regression to determine character and intensity of nexus among observed variables. The results of Hausman represent that a random effects model is adequate for estimating the effect of tax wedge on the employment rate in selected countries. The model results show a negative correlation between these variables, as well as, that tax wedge indicators have a negative impact on the employment rate in OECD countries for the observed period. The empirical findings manifest that a 1% increase in the average tax wedge leads to a lower employment rate of 0.33% in OECD economies.
Pareto analysis in bulldozer's failures and stoppages risk management
Authors: Spasojević-Brkić Vesna , Perišić Martina , Veljković Zorica , Misita Mirjana , Damjanović Milanko
Published: January 2023

Research related to risk management of failures and stoppages in the operation of bulldozer is very limited, so this topic needs more attention. This study aims to identify all possible causes for bulldozer failures and stoppages before highlighting the most significant ones. Descriptive statistics are provided, followed by a scatterplot for the dissipation diagram between hazard rate and bulldozer failure and stoppages, and histograms of hazard rate and failures and stoppages for bulldozers. Then, for three categories, a Pareto analysis was performed on failures and stoppages frequency, time spent in failures and stoppages, and failures and stoppages risk level. The Pareto analysis revealed that the most important failures and stoppages in all three categories were caused by heating repair, oil change, bulldozer cleaning, tonsil adjustment, filter replacement, hose replacement and screw replacement. The step towards "maintenance free factories" should include planning of identified activities in work breaks as preventive rather than corrective activities.
Implementation of traffic sign recognition on the scaled vehicle model
Authors: Mitrović Miloš , Popović Vladimir , Stamenković Dragan
Published: January 2023

The popularity of autonomous vehicles has grown in the past few years as autonomous systems are more and more present on vehicles. The most accessible way for students of mechanical and software engineers to learn about autonomous vehicles is by applying algorithms and systems necessary for autonomous driving on the scaled vehicle model. These models are, as in this case, and are equipped with all systems necessary for autonomous driving, such as a four-wheel drive powertrain, a suspension system, an electrically controlled steering system, a brain-computer and a camera. The goal of projects such as this one is to make the vehicle capable of autonomous driving on a designated track, obeying regular traffic rules and signs (for example, the vehicle has to perform a full stop when it approaches the stop sign). To make this possible, it is necessary for a vehicle to "know" which traffic sign is nearby, i.e., traffic sign recognition is required. For this purpose, traffic sign recognition is done by an artificial neural network. The training process of the proper artificial neural network will be shown in this paper.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of selenium and Selenoprotein P in patients with comorbid course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and arterial hypertension
Authors: Zhelezniakova Natalia , Tverezovska Iryna
Published: January 2023

Objective. To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of Selenoprotein P and selenium in the progression of liver damage in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods. The study involved 120 patients: 50 with isolated NAFLD, 50 with comorbid NAFLD and hypertension, established according to the global and local guidelines. The control group included 20 relatively healthy volunteers. Liver function parameters, selenium and Selenoprotein P levels were assessed, and predictors of steatohepatitis were identified. Pearson's ch2, Mann-Whitney test, logistic regression was used. Results. The study found significant predominance of levels of Selenoprotein P (Sel P) and selenium in controls (71.0 (54.3; 76.1) ng/ml and 108.0 (96.9; 118.8) ng/ml respectively) compared with the NAFLD + hypertension (19.7 (8.0; 26.7) ng/ml and 43.5 (39.9; 49.1) ng/ml, p <0.001) and the NAFLD group (43.1 (41.3; 45.4) ng/ml and 67.2 (61.5; 77.4) ng/ml, respectively, p <0.001). Regression analysis determined association of Sel P and Sel levels with steatohepatitis: respectively, OR = 1,143 (95.0% CI 1,068-1,224) (p <0.001) and OR = 1,054 (95.0% CI 1,012-1,098) (p = 0.011). Other predictors of steatohepatitis were aspartateaminotransferase (OR = 1,421 (95.0% CI 1,198-1,687), p <0.001) and systolic blood pressure (OR = 1,089 (95.0% CI 1,017-1,116), p = 0.014). Conclusion. Levels of selenium and Selenoprotein P are associated with greater liver damage in patients with NAFLD, and the concomitant increase in systemic blood pressure is an additional factor that adversely affects the course of NAFLD, increasing the intensity of liver damage in such patients.
The motivation of the students of the School of Engineering Management when learning a second language
Authors: Ilić Jelena , Vojvodić Aleksandra , Jovanović Jasmina
Published: January 2023

This paper deals with the motivation behind learning a second foreign language seen from the point of view of teaching second foreign language in private tertiary institutions in Serbia. A survey has been conducted in one tertiary institution among its students who can choose between two second foreign languages, namely French and Spanish. The survey aimed at discovering internal drivers behind the motivation to learn additional foreign languages with a view of adapting the curricula to the needs and priorities of students in order to achieve better learning outcomes. The results of the survey show that although there are slight differences in internal drivers between those two languages, the main drivers remain the same - professional development, personal development and desire to immerse oneself in another culture. The teachers were able to adapt their curricula to better meet the needs of students and to leverage this particular interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic, or integrative and instrumental, motivations of their students.
Change in the growing stock condition of the Moravian Forest Area as a consequence of ice disasters in the winter 2014
Authors: Pavlović Branka , Babić Violeta , Čokeša Vlado , Martać Nikola , Kanjevac Branko , Jović Đorđe
Published: January 2023

The area of eastern Serbia was hit by a natural disaster, specifically an ice disaster, in the winter of 2014 which caused great damage to forest trees. The subject of this research is the state-owned natural forests and artificially raised stands within the Moravian Forest Area which are managed by Public Enterprize (PE) "Srbijašume" Belgrade. The data summarized as of December 31, 2013, and December 31, 2021, were parallelly analyzed to determine whether and to what extent the ice disaster affected the growing stock condition of the Moravian Forest Area. For that purpose, the comparative analysis of the following indicators was carried out: origin-based forest condition, preservation, diversity, tree species, stand affiliation, and coeno-ecological affiliation. Having in mind that the ice disaster highly damaged some parts of the Moravian Forest Area (Forest Management Unit (FMU) "Obla Glava", FMU "Kamenički Vis I", FMU "Kamenički Vis II", FMU "Bukovik - Mratinja", FMU "Rtanj", FMU "Svrljiško - Gulijanske Planine" and FMU "Devica") which consequently led to clean-cuttings at large areas (app.1000 hectares of forest stands), the research aim was to determine if the significant changes occurred in the growing stock at the whole area level.
Different aspects of fashion
Authors: Efremov Jordan , Kertakova Marija , Dimitrijeva Kuzmanovska
Published: January 2023

Fashion and clothing are not nearly identical phenomena. But clothing represents the most significant area, through which fashion actually appears. Considering that, the suit represents the external self-shaping of man, so that suit is an expression of that's how that person would like it to look. More specifically, the suit in a way, is an expression of human self-knowledge and his understanding of himself. Therefore, this includes the space in which that fashion is quite pronounced. The clothes themselves are simple, short-lived and fleeting, in fact as fashion itself is. The main characteristic of fashion is that, it can suddenly impose and accept a certain new rule or norm, i.e. to impose and accept something that in the past was only an exception or a certain character thread. This is what fashion does, to be able later in time, to leave that exception or that unique characteristic thread that it had, because over time that uniqueness has become something that is ordinary and everyday, or has become something that everyone can afford. The first major explanation of fashion, relates fashion to a modern society with a system of open layers, where the elite tends to stand out and rise above the rest of the people, thereby launching exclusive ways and behavior patterns. In order to symbolically equate with them, members of the the lower layers accept that style as a rule of their own behavior.
Calculation of protection function settings of new elements of the 500 kV transmission system
Authors: Sučević Nikola
Published: January 2023

In the paper the protection function setting calculations for elements of the transmission system are shown. Analyzed transmission system consists of the 500 kV and 230 kV voltage levels. The setting calculations are shown for several protection functions for the 500 kV reactors, 500/230 kV/kV autotransformers and 500 kV line. Network modeling and analysis have been performed using DIgSILENT PowerFactory.
Should a floating charge be introduced in the judiciary of the Republic of Serbia?
Authors: Čubrilović-Stamenić Bosiljka
Published: January 2023

The article analyses the floating charge in Anglo-Saxon law systems and its equivalents in the European-continental legal order. In addition, the author examines the elementary determinants recognized as common to the institute of a floating charge and its equivalents in comparative: constitution, object, subjects, legal effect inter partes, the legal effect of registration, priority order, and settlement, underlining their particularities, underlining their particularities. Finally, the author provides a brief overview of the current regulation of the movable property guarantee system in the Republic of Serbia, and the question of justifying a possible standardization of the institute of the floating charge in Serbian legislation is examined. The author concludes that the current legal framework of the pledge of movable property in the law of the Republic of Serbia not only satisfies the economic interests of the business community but is also in line with the spirit of its (pledge)legal tradition.
The role of property tax in environmental protection
Authors: Cvjetković-Ivetić Cvjetana
Published: January 2023

In the paper the author considers the environmental characteristics of property tax. The aim of the paper is to present how this tax can be used in order to contribute to the protection of environment. Having in mind the fact that the ecological role of property tax in Serbia is quite modest, the author will try to answer whether there is room for further greening of the property tax by introducing new tax reliefs.
Contract and the code: The case of predictive contracting
Authors: Cvetković Predrag , Nikolić Ljubica
Published: January 2023

Predictive contracting uses information technology tools to determine the correlation between contractual provisions and contract performance using external data; the ultimate goal of applying this method is to define the contract in a way that ensures its execution in accordance with the will of the parties. Parties may anticipate how the contractual provisions/terms (and the choice between them) relate to the outcome of the contract (with outcomes); those information can be used iteratively (in a repetitive process) in order the text of the contract to be improved. Predictive contracting consists of: (1) an analytical model and (2) a set of data on contract terms, outcomes, and external conditions. The analytical model should be defined in a way that is "readable" and understandable to the programmer who translates it into program code. The format of the data as a second fragment of predictive contracting must be suitable for algorithmic processing. Predictive contracting is applicable to simple contracts often concluded on the market: the reason for this limitation is that the model's ability to predict outcomes decreases as the complexity of the subject of analysis (contracts) increases. Complex contracts remain outside the realm of predictive contracting. The predictive power of the analytical model is increased by increasing the amount of data that the model has access to. The premise on which predictive contracting is based is that a contract is a complex system of contractual provisions contained therein. The degree of complexity of the contract is proportional to the degree of interaction between the contract provisions: the greater the degree of these interactions, the more complex the contract is. Predictive contracting aims to help contractors anticipate the effects of contractual provisions on outcomes so that subsequent contracts can be improved in a way that allows for better outcomes. Improving contract outcomes is the ultimate goal of predictive contracting. Predictive contracting enables the issue of modification risk (which in the traditional sense is the subject of legal analysis and legal intuition) to be implemented in a procedurally defined, measurable and controlled manner. The application of predictive contracting is encouraged by the possibility of its automation and computer processing.
On monetary compensation for non-pecuniary damage to legal entities in Serbian law: Appendix to the reform of damages law
Authors: Savčić Sanja
Published: January 2023

The right to monetary compensation for non-property damage is not enjoyed in the same way by all legal entities, i.e. legal entities and natural persons. In theory and practice, there are different approaches regarding the issue of whether a legal entity can suffer non-material damage of the same intensity and in the same form as is the case with natural persons. In this regard, it was pointed out that a legal entity can have a reputation, and therefore a damaged reputation can be the basis for an obligation to pay compensation for the damage suffered as a result. The discussion on the merits of monetary compensation for non-material damage to legal entities continued until the adoption of the legal understanding of the Civil Department of the Supreme Court of Serbia on February 5, 2001. The more recent theory of obligation law discusses this issue in the context of the need to review the current rules of tort law. In this sense, it is emphasized that the objective concept of non-property damage, which excludes physical or psychological pain and fear from the conceptual definition, provides a legal basis for monetary compensation of such damage to legal entities. Such changes have already been implemented in some countries of the former Yugoslavia. When it comes to Serbia, theory and practice are still waiting for reform, although there are indications that reform has already taken place on the normative level. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to answer the question whether in our law there is a right of a legal entity to compensation for non-property damage.
Elementos clave para el diseño de programas de educación parental. Propuesta para la orientación familiar a través del método Delphi
Authors: Rubio Hernández Francisco José
Published: January 2023

Los patrones disfuncionales desplegados en el contexto familiar, tales como carencias afectivas, interacciones nocivas, modelado negativo, hábitos de vida perniciosos y pautas comunicativas irrespetuosas, han sido señalados como factores que impactan en el desarrollo inadecuado de los y las menores. En este sentido, los programas grupales de educación parental se han considerado recursos valiosos para ayudar a los progenitores en el desempeño de sus funciones parentales. Sin embargo, se requieren acciones formativas que den respuesta a las nuevas realidades, necesidades e intereses de las familias. Así pues, el objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los elementos clave que sirviesen como modelo para el diseño de programas de educación parental mediante la consulta a personas expertas. Para ello se empleó el método Delphi de dos rondas con la intención de obtener el consenso. Participaron 35 sujetos. La mayor parte de las afirmaciones contempladas fueron respaldadas por más del 80% de los integrantes, presentaron medias superiores a 3 puntos. La propuesta recogió, entre otros componentes, la duración, periodicidad y número de sesiones, el esquema de secuencias de acción, los objetivos, los contenidos, las metodologías y técnicas de enseñanza y aprendizaje, los aspectos relevantes relativos a la formación para futuros formadores y a la evaluación de programas. Se espera que las líneas temáticas y los elementos técnicos y metodológicos planteados sean tenidos en cuenta en el diseño de estas intervenciones y después en su desarrollo a nivel comunitario para abordar la orientación educativa familiar desde el desenvolvimiento y fortalecimiento de las competencias parentales.
Otte Sperling den yngres latinske Leonora Christina-biografi (ca. 1690)
Authors: Olden-Jørgensen Sebastian
Published: January 2023

Sebastian Olden-Jørgensen: Otto Sperling the younger’s Latin biography of Leonora Christina (ca. 1690)
Sebastian Olden-Jørgensen: The Danish antiquarian Otto Sperling the younger (1634‑1715) worked for most of his life on a manuscript titled ‘De foeminis doctis’, now in the collection of the Royal Library, shelfmark GKS 2110 quarto, which containedshort biographies of a total of 1,399 learned women from all ages and nations (cf. Fund og Forskning, 2012, pp. 187‑212). One of these is Leonora Christina (1621‑1698), the daughter of Christian IV and his morganatic wife, Kirsten Munk, and a major figure in Danish literature thanks to her prison narrative Jammers Minde and her so-called ‘French Autobiography’. Sperling’s Latin biography focuses on her literary achievements and contains information not found elsewhere. It has been known to scholarship for generations, and a partial translation from the eighteenth century exists in manuscript, but the text has never been published, probably because it consists of 24 pieces distributed over 18 different pages between pp. 306 and 401 of vol. I of the manuscript. It is here edited and translated into Danish for the first time, and it is argued that Sperling composed it on the basis of a series of interviews with the ageing Leonora Christina after her release from prison in 1685. In other words, Sperling functioned as Leonora Christina’s ghostwriter, and the text should really be considered autobiographical and placed alongside the Jammers Minde and her French Autobiography as an authentic expression of her personality.
Los paratextos del álbum ilustrado: la presencia de la función hermenéutica en los ganadores del Premio Internacional Compostela
Authors: Kunde Karo , Arenas-Delgado Christian , Masgrau-Juanola Mariona
Published: January 2023

Los procesos de interpretación del entramado literario de las narrativas contemporáneas se hallan cada vez más sujetos a la detención de los lectores en sus paratextos. Este cambio es especialmente palpable en el álbum ilustrado, cuyos paratextos asumen progresivamente más funciones con diferentes grados de relevancia para su recepción global. Se presenta un estudio analítico y sintético que explora el nivel de impacto de los paratextos en la composición literaria verbovisual de los 14 títulos galardonados con el Premio Internacional Compostela desde su primera edición, proponiendo la categoría hermenéutica como una nueva función. Para ello, se elabora una parrilla, en la cual se registran las diversas funciones paratextuales reconocidas por la teoría literaria, identificando por una parte, su presencia o ausencia y, por otra, los matices que diversifican su misión como respaldo interpretativo, más allá de la mera decoración. Los resultados muestran que, si bien es cierto se observa una clara tendencia a dotar de sentido y relevancia a los paratextos en la composición literaria, aún no se aprovecha todo su potencial narrativo.
Show issue Year 12/2022  Volume 14  Issue 4 Trust and Trustworthiness as Judicial Virtues
Authors: Widłak Tomasz
Published: January 2023

This article considers the meaning of trust for judicial communication. The central tenet of this analysis is that trust is best conceptualized as a judicial virtue and that it can be most fully explained with aretaic language. This claim is elaborated through, first, making distinctions between trust and reliance, as well as between trust and trustworthiness. Second, exploring the determinants of trustworthiness leads the author to argue for a virtue account of judicial trustworthiness. Third, the article discusses whether and how trust as a particular attitude or propensity may be perceived as a judicial virtue. The argument concludes by considering the relation between trust in judges and trust in justice institutions, such as courts of law.
Sensible al código. Transferencias metodológicas entre saberes ancestrales y nuevos medios para la dividuación
Authors: Portal Fernando , Schultz María Jesús
Published: January 2023

Este artículo recoge la experiencia de la investigación artística basada en la práctica Sensible al código, la cual explora, a través de la producción de obras artísticas, cosmologías no occidentales como base para la aplicación de algoritmos de aprendizaje maquínico. Esto tiene como objetivo explorar metodologías de creación artística que integren saberes ancestrales como base para el desarrollo y la preservación de tecnodiversidades, en el contexto de la propuesta cosmotécnica de Yuk Hui. Para esto, el artículo comienza caracterizando la cosmología y los rituales propios de la ontología relacional del pueblo shipibo-konibo en la Amazonía, desde una visión informada por el perspectivismo de Viveiros de Castro y el animismo dividualista de Bird-David. Estos rituales son desplegados como un método, desde un análisis informado por la teoría de los medios y la antropología, que luego es aplicado a procedimientos de aprendizaje maquínico y en la materialización de las imágenes obtenidas, a través de consideraciones artísticas de sus propiedades físicas, visuales, táctiles y sonoras. Finalmente, la reflexión informada por la interacción corporal con estas obras y la agencialidad de sus materiales entregará como conclusión la posibilidad de reposicionarnos como integrantes de un flujo continuo de intercambio de energía, habilitando la especulación sobre el potencial de estas transferencias para provocar bifurcaciones cosmotécnicas.
Vilém Flusser: imágenes improbables
Authors: Soto Andrea
Published: January 2023

Vilém Flusser desarrolla un pensamiento del medio inscrito en una dimensión tecnológica y cultural, para desde ahí pensar el cambio de paradigma que comporta para él la invención de la fotografía como creación de las primeras imágenes técnicas. Se trata de una transformación que ha modificado radicalmente nuestra existencia al abrir la posibilidad de automatizar nuestros procesos de creación. De ahí que todos los esfuerzos de análisis crítico que Flusser aporta se centren en pensar operaciones y modos de uso desde los que resistir a la figura del «funcionario», que para él representa el carácter tendencial de nuestra relación con los aparatos y el medio que nos rodea. En este artículo nos proponemos atender a las características estructurales que definen el carácter de «la condición funcionarial», para desde ella repensar la categoría crítica de imágenes improbables, explorada por Flusser, como forma de creación que trabaja desde la materialidad y genealogía de los medios para producir su posibilidad. Si bien Flusser propone que la creación de imágenes habría de tender a su improbabilidad, esto es, imágenes que aporten una información nueva, en su análisis estas serían generadas por una práctica contra el programa del aparato que las produce. El presente análisis sostiene que no es posible crear imágenes improbables sin una atención a su arqueología medial. Por lo tanto, no se trataría tanto de pensar contra los aparatos sino entre-los-medios, lo que reclama un giro de la supuesta inmaterialidad de las imágenes, al tiempo que exige una reflexión de su dimensión infraestructural.
Methodology of automated study of the workload of a helicopter pilot
Authors: Koronkov Sergei Olegovich
Published: January 2023

The subject of the study is the contradiction between the need to conduct a study of the workload of helicopter pilots and the lack of methods regulated by regulatory and technical documents to ensure that such studies are carried out during the testing of new aircraft. The purpose of the study was to ensure the possibility of objectification of the pilot's workload during testing of modernized and created helicopter models, as well as in the process of flight simulator training. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the development of a pilot workload research program; the completion of a helicopter by installing a set of technical means for studying attention reserves; determining the pilot's workload; determining the integral indicator of the pilot's workload and drawing up a conclusion based on the results of the workload study.     The main conclusion of the conducted theoretical and experimental research is that the developed methodology for studying the workload of a helicopter pilot, based on determining the reserves of his attention when performing professional activities, provides an adequate definition of the workload when performing helicopter tests on semi-natural modeling complexes and during flight simulator training. The results of verification and research of the effectiveness of the developed solutions have shown that the objectification of the pilot's workload during helicopter testing provides an opportunity to substantiate industry recommendations on the refinement and improvement of the layout of helicopter cabins, to rationalize the points of the flight part of the test program and to intensify the process of professional training of flight personnel.
The circadian clock controls temporal and spatial patterns of floral development in sunflower
Authors: Marshall Carine M , Thompson Veronica L , Creux Nicky M , Harmer Stacey L
Published: January 2023

Biological rhythms are ubiquitous. They can be generated by circadian oscillators, which produce daily rhythms in physiology and behavior, as well as by developmental oscillators such as the segmentation clock, which periodically produces modular developmental units. Here, we show that the circadian clock controls the timing of late-stage floret development, or anthesis, in domesticated sunflowers. In these plants, up to thousands of individual florets are tightly packed onto a capitulum disk. While early floret development occurs continuously across capitula to generate iconic spiral phyllotaxy, during anthesis floret development occurs in discrete ring-like pseudowhorls with up to hundreds of florets undergoing simultaneous maturation. We demonstrate circadian regulation of floral organ growth and show that the effects of light on this process are time-of-day dependent. Delays in the phase of floral anthesis delay morning visits by pollinators, while disruption of circadian rhythms in floral organ development causes loss of pseudowhorl formation and large reductions in pollinator visits. We therefore show that the sunflower circadian clock acts in concert with environmental response pathways to tightly synchronize the anthesis of hundreds of florets each day, generating spatial patterns on the developing capitulum disk. This coordinated mass release of floral rewards at predictable times of day likely promotes pollinator visits and plant reproductive success.
Histological E-data Registration in rodent Brain Spaces
Authors: Fuglstad Jingyi Guo , Saldanha Pearl , Paglia Jacopo , Whitlock Jonathan R
Published: January 2023

Recording technologies for rodents have seen huge advances in the last decade, allowing users to sample thousands of neurons simultaneously from multiple brain regions. This has prompted the need for digital tool kits to aid in curating anatomical data, however, existing tools either provide limited functionalities or require users to be proficient in coding to use them. To address this we created HERBS (Histological E-data Registration in rodent Brain Spaces), a comprehensive new tool for rodent users that offers a broad range of functionalities through a user-friendly graphical user interface. Prior to experiments, HERBS can be used to plan coordinates for implanting electrodes, targeting viral injections or tracers. After experiments, users can register recording electrode locations (e.g. Neuropixels and tetrodes), viral expression, or other anatomical features, and visualize the results in 2D or 3D. Additionally, HERBS can delineate labeling from multiple injections across tissue sections and obtain individual cell counts.Regional delineations in HERBS are based either on annotated 3D volumes from the Waxholm Space Atlas of the Sprague Dawley Rat Brain or the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas, though HERBS can work with compatible volume atlases from any species users wish to install. HERBS allows users to scroll through the digital brain atlases and provides custom-angle slice cuts through the volumes, and supports free-transformation of tissue sections to atlas slices. Furthermore, HERBS allows users to reconstruct a 3D brain mesh with tissue from individual animals. HERBS is a multi-platform open-source Python package that is available on PyPI and GitHub, and is compatible with Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems.
Preventing Human Trafficking of Refugees from Ukraine: a Rapid Assessment of Risks and Gaps in the Anti-Trafficking Response
Authors: Hoff Suzanne , de Volder Eefje
Published: January 2023

This article discusses a rapid assessment of risks and gaps in the anti-trafficking response, related to the prevention of human trafficking of refugees from Ukraine in the immediate aftermath of the start of the war (March-April 2022). For this assessment numerous actors have been
interviewed from Ukraine and neighbouring countries and a study visit has been organized to Poland in April 2022. This assessment reviews the trafficking risks (and at risk groups) related to the outflow of Ukrainian refugees in Eastern and Central Europe, the extent to which these risks are
being addressed by the agencies involved in the humanitarian response and the identification of the possible roles for anti-trafficking organizations. To address the gaps and needs that are identified in the anti-trafficking response in Ukraine and neigbouring countries (Poland, Romania, Moldova,
Hungary and Slovakia) several recommendations are made, addressing governments/international organisations, anti-trafficking NGOs and donors, to (I) reduce the vulnerabilities to human trafficking; (ii) to ensure the identification of trafficked persons and accountability of perpetrators;
and (iii) to ensure adequate referral and assistance to trafficked persons.
Change and stasis of distinct sediment microbiomes across Port Everglades Inlet (PEI) and the adjacent coral reefs
Authors: Krausfeldt Lauren E. , Lopez Jose Victor , Bilodeau Catherine Margaret , Won Lee Hyo , Casali Shelby L.
Published: January 2023

Deep water ports are human built coastal structures that by definition welcome ship traffic and disturbance. Evidence is accumulating that enhanced port activities such as dredging or deepening have negatively affected nearby natural habitats. Port Everglades Inlet (PEI) is a large active South Florida cargo port for over two million people and lies adjacent to coral reefs, dwindling mangroves, and recreational beaches. In this study, the microbial communities of PEI and adjacent reef sediments were characterized to serve as indicators for change due to dredging and assess anthropogenic influence on these sensitive ecosystems by sequencing the V4 region of 16S rRNA ahead of a large-scale port deepening event. For the first time, this study established baseline bacterial community characterizations and their patterns of diversity prior to and after a maintenance dredging event. PEI samples were collected for two consecutive years 2020 (Phase I, before maintenance dredging) and 2021 (Phase II, after maintenance dredging) from PEI sediments and adjacent coral reef sediments. In spite of their proximity and tidal connections through the PEI, reef and PEI sediment microbial communities were distinct. Changes in microbial diversity within the intracoastal waterway (ICW), a route for community exchange or transfers, were the greatest after maintenance dredging occurred. Microbial diversity in reef sediments also changed after dredging, indicating potential influence from resuspended sediments due to an associated increase in trace metals and decrease in cyanobacterial diversity. Sediments were identified as a possible source of human and coral pathogens, although dredging did not affect the relative abundances of these indicator microorganisms. This study highlighted the utility and relative ease of applying current molecular ecology methods to address macroscale questions with environmental management ramifications.
Systematics and diversification of the Ichthyomyini (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) revisited: evidence from molecular, morphological, and combined approaches
Authors: Salazar-Bravo Jorge , Tinoco Nicolás , Zeballos Horacio , Brito Jorge , Arenas-Viveros Daniela , Marín-C David , Ramírez-Fernández José Daniel , Percequillo Alexandre R. , Lee, Jr. Thomas E. , Solari Sergio , Colmenares-Pinzon Javier , Nivelo Carlos , Rodríguez Herrera Bernal , Merino William , Medina Cesar E. , Murillo-García Oscar , Pardiñas Ulyses F.J.
Published: January 2023

Ichthyomyini, a morphologically distinctive group of Neotropical cricetid rodents, lacks an integrative study of its systematics and biogeography. Since this tribe is a crucial element of the Sigmodontinae, the most speciose subfamily of the Cricetidae, we conducted a study that includes most of its recognized diversity (five genera and 19 species distributed from southern Mexico to northern Bolivia). For this report we analyzed a combined matrix composed of four molecular markers (RBP3, GHR, RAG1, Cytb) and 56 morphological traits, the latter including 15 external, 14 cranial, 19 dental, five soft-anatomical and three postcranial features. A variety of results were obtained, some of which are inconsistent with the currently accepted classification and understanding of the tribe. Ichthyomyini is retrieved as monophyletic, and it is divided into two main clades that are here recognized as subtribes: one to contain the genus Anotomys and the other composed by the remaining genera. Neusticomys (as currently recognized) was found to consist of two well supported clades, one of which corresponds to the original concept of Daptomys. Accordingly, we propose the resurrection of the latter as a valid genus to include several species from low to middle elevations and restrict Neusticomys to several highland forms. Numerous other revisions are necessary to reconcile the alpha taxonomy of ichthyomyines with our phylogenetic results, including placement of the Cajas Plateau water rat (formerly Chibchanomys orcesi) in the genus Neusticomys (sensu stricto), and the recognition of at least two new species (one in Neusticomys, one in Daptomys). Additional work is necessary to confirm other unanticipated results, such as the non-monophyletic nature of Rheomys and the presence of a possible new genus and species from Peru. Our results also suggest that ichthyomyines are one of the main Andean radiations of sigmodontine cricetids, with an evolutionary history dating to the Late Miocene and subsequent cladogenesis during the Pleistocene.