bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioactive compounds in cruciferous sprouts and microgreens and the effects of sulfur nutrition
Authors: Zeng Wenjing , Yang Jing , He Yong , Zhu Zhujun
Published: May 2023

Cruciferous sprouts and microgreens are a good source of bioactive compounds for human health as they are rich in glucosinolates, polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins. Glucosinolates – sulfur‐containing bioactive phytochemicals – have anti‐cancer effects. They mainly exist in cruciferous vegetables. Sulfur is one of the essential elements for plants and is an indispensable component of glucosinolates. This paper summarizes the nutritional value of cruciferous spouts and microgreens, along with the effects of sulfur nutrition on bioactive phytochemical compounds of cruciferous sprouts and microgreens, especially glucosinolates, with the aim of providing information about the dietary effects of cruciferous sprouts and microgreens. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Legalize text recycling
Authors: Moskovitz Cary , Hansen David R. , Yelverton Mitchell
Published: May 2023

Key points

Text recycling is the reuse of material from an author's own prior work in a new document.

While the ethical aspects of text recycling have received considerable attention, the legal aspects have been largely ignored or inaccurately portrayed.

Copyright laws and publisher contracts are difficult to interpret and highly variable, making it difficult for authors or editors to know when text recycling in research writing is legal or illegal.

We argue that publishers should revise their author contracts to make text recycling explicitly legal as long as authors follow ethics‐based guidelines.
Opioid‐limiting legislation and prescribing habits of otolaryngologists among Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Kim Yun Ji , Kim Ian , Badash Ido , West Jonathan , Hur Kevin
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To identify changes in otolaryngologists' opioid prescribing trends for Medicare beneficiaries associated with the enactment of state laws that limit the duration of prescriptions to 3–7 days in the years 2016 and 2017 in the United States.

Methods

Through the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) database, we retrieved data on Medicare enrollment and on the total days prescribed and total number of beneficiaries for the drugs codeine/acetaminophen, hydrocodone/acetaminophen, oxycodone HCl, oxycodone/acetaminophen, and tramadol HCl, by each otolaryngologist prescriber in 13 states from January 2013 to December 2019. We modeled trends using linear spline regression models that controlled for Medicare beneficiaries' state‐level socio‐demographic characteristics' fixed effects.

Results

Across the 13 states, the number of days of all five opioids prescribed per beneficiary declined by 8.35 (SD = 12.61). The most commonly prescribed opioid type by otolaryngologists during the 5‐year study period was tramadol HCl (28.72 days/beneficiary) followed by oxycodone HCl (19.99 days/beneficiary). All opioids had declines in prescription days over this time window and higher rates of decline in the years following law passage. Four states experienced statistically significant declines in the prescriptions of all opioids after the year of legislation passage (p < .05). Some states that had the greatest inclines in opioid prescriptions in the years prior to law enactment also experienced the greatest reductions in the time after legislation enactment.

Conclusions

Opioid prescribing practices of otolaryngologists may have been affected by opioid prescription duration limiting laws passed in 13 states in 2016 and 2017.

Level of Evidence

Level 4.
Late‐season nitrogen uptake across the western coastal Alaskan Arctic
Authors: Stanley Brianna C. , Sipler Rachel E. , Roberts Quinn N. , Spackeen Jenna L. , Norton E. Zane , Bronk Deborah A.
Published: May 2023

Productivity in the Arctic is expected to increase as temperatures and the number of open water days rise. With this increased productivity, the coastal shelves of the Arctic Ocean may act as a sink for atmospheric carbon. However, this storage is dependent on a sufficient nitrogen (N) supply and current literature on biogeochemical rates of N uptake in this region is severely limited. Here, we report the spatial extent and rate at which the aquatic microbial community utilizes inorganic and organic N substrates in the Alaskan Arctic during late summer. Uptake rates (> 0.3 μm) were measured in 2016 and 2017 using isotopically labeled ammonium (), nitrate (), urea, and mixed algal amino acids. Rates of regeneration were also measured to investigate the contribution of remineralized N to primary production. Primary production was estimated using isotopically labeled bicarbonate. We found that N species uptake varied by location. Although was the form of N taken up at the greatest rate at most sites, we also found that uptake rates of urea could be greater than and that amino acid uptake was widespread. Supporting previous studies, uptake rates were correlated with primary production rates. Variability in nutrient reservoirs and sampling conditions in the Chukchi Sea between the 2 yr were responsible for some of the variances observed in estimated recycling rates and primary production. Understanding which N sources support this late‐season primary production requires obtaining uptake rates for a diverse range of inorganic and organic N substrates.
Amyloid‐Like Assembly to Form Film at Interfaces: Structural Transformation and Application
Authors: Han Qian , Tao Fei , Yang Peng
Published: May 2023

Protein‐based biomaterials are attracting broad interest for their remarkable structural and functional properties. Disturbing the native protein's three‐dimensional structural stability in vitro and controlling subsequent aggregation is an effective strategy to design and construct protein‐based biomaterials. One of the recent developments in regulating protein structural transformation to ordered aggregation is amyloid assembly, which generates fibril‐based 1D to 3D nanostructures as functional materials. Especially, the amyloid‐like assembly to form films at interfaces has been reported, which is induced by the effective reduction of the intramolecular disulfide bond. The main contribution of this amyloid‐like assembly is the large‐scale formation of protein films at interfaces and excellent adhesion to target substrates. This review presents the research progress of the amyloid‐like assembly to form films and related applications and thereby provides a guide to exploiting protein‐based biomaterials.
Nontargeted metabolomics analysis of follicular fluid in patients with endometriosis provides a new direction for the study of oocyte quality
Authors: Wei Yiqiu , Zhang Zhourui , Zhang Yaoyao , Li Jianan , Ruan Xianqin , Wan Qiongqiong , Yin Tailang , Zou Yujie , Chen Suming , Zhang Yan
Published: May 2023

Endometriosis is a common, estrogen‐dependent chronic gynecological disease that endangers the reproductive system and systemic metabolism of patients. We aimed to investigate the differences in metabolic profiles in the follicular fluid between infertile patients with endometriosis and controls. A total of 25 infertile patients with endometriosis and 25 infertile controls who were similar in age, BMI, fertilization method and ovulation induction treatment were recruited in this study. Metabolomics analysis of follicular fluid was performed by two methods of high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. There were 36 upregulated and 17 downregulated metabolites in the follicular fluid of patients in the endometriosis group. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these metabolites were enriched in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism pathways. A biomarker panel consisting of 20 metabolites was constructed by random forest, with an accuracy of 0.946 and an AUC of 0.988. This study characterizes differences in follicular fluid metabolites and associated pathway profiles in infertile patients with endometriosis. These findings can provide a better comprehensive understanding of the disease and a new direction for the study of oocyte quality, as well as potential metabolic markers for the prognosis of endometriosis.
A general stability result for a viscoelastic von Karman equation
Authors: Park Sun Hye
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we derive a general stability result for a viscoelastic von Karman equation without the condition that involves differential inequalities on the kernel. The kernel
just stays below a certain known function as like
where
is a known function satisfying some specific properties. By considering such kernel functions, we expand earlier results for viscoelastic von Karman equations in the literature.
Convergence acceleration of preconditioned conjugate gradient solver based on error vector sampling for a sequence of linear systems
Authors: Iwashita Takeshi , Ikehara Kota , Fukaya Takeshi , Mifune Takeshi
Published: May 2023

In this article, we focus on solving a sequence of linear systems that have identical (or similar) coefficient matrices. For this type of problem, we investigate subspace correction (SC) and deflation methods, which use an auxiliary matrix (subspace) to accelerate the convergence of the iterative method. In practical simulations, these acceleration methods typically work well when the range of the auxiliary matrix contains eigenspaces corresponding to small eigenvalues of the coefficient matrix. We develop a new algebraic auxiliary matrix construction method based on error vector sampling in which eigenvectors with small eigenvalues are efficiently identified in the solution process. We use the generated auxiliary matrix for convergence acceleration in the following solution step. Numerical tests confirm that both SC and deflation methods with the auxiliary matrix can accelerate the solution process of the iterative solver. Furthermore, we examine the applicability of our technique to the estimation of the condition number of the coefficient matrix. We also present the algorithm of the preconditioned conjugate gradient method with condition number estimation.
Transport map Bayesian parameter estimation for dynamical systems
Authors: Grashorn Jan , Urrea-Quintero Jorge-Humberto , Broggi Matteo , Chamoin Ludovic , Beer Michael
Published: May 2023

Accurate online state and parameter estimation of uncertain non‐linear dynamical systems is a demanding task that has been traditionally handled by adopting non‐linear Kalman Filters or particle filters. However, in case of Kalman filters the system needs to be linearised and for particle filters the computational demand can be high. Recent advances in optimal transport theory and the application to Bayesian model updating pave the way for other approaches to system and parameter identification. They also provide a way of formulating the problem in such a way that efficient online estimation for complex systems is possible. In this work, we investigate the properties of the transport map approach when compared to standard Markov Chain Monte Carlo in an off‐line setting as a first step towards on‐line parameter estimation. We apply both approaches to an analytical exponential model and a dynamical system with seven unknown parameters subjected to ground displacement. Details on the theory of transport maps and on the used MCMC algorithm are also given.
Self‐Certifying Classification by Linearized Deep Assignment
Authors: Boll Bastian , Zeilmann Alexander , Petra Stefania , Schnörr Christoph
Published: May 2023

We propose a novel class of deep stochastic predictors for classifying metric data on graphs within the PAC‐Bayes risk certification paradigm. Classifiers are realized as linearly parametrized deep assignment flows with random initial conditions. Building on the recent PAC‐Bayes literature and data‐dependent priors, this approach enables (i) to use risk bounds as training objectives for learning posterior distributions on the hypothesis space and (ii) to compute tight out‐of‐sample risk certificates of randomized classifiers more efficiently than related work. Comparison with empirical test set errors illustrates the performance and practicality of this self‐certifying classification method.
Emission characteristics of turbulent premixed propane/air/carbon dioxide and propane/air/ammonia swirl flames through a rich‐lean combustor
Authors: Hemaizia Abdelkader , Thévenin Dominique , Bentebbiche Abdelhalim
Published: May 2023

This study is dedicated to understanding the combustion characteristics of turbulent premixed C3H8‐Air‐CO2 and C3H8‐Air‐NH3 swirl flames in a rich‐lean combustor at atmospheric pressure. In this study, the emission characteristics of both flames were obtained through two‐dimensional numerical simulations based on the RANS approach with Realizable k‐ϵ turbulence model for turbulence closure, and the P1 radiation model for the flame radiation inside the combustor. The turbulence‐chemistry interaction was modeled using the Finite‐Rate Eddy Dissipation Model (FR/EDM) model with a reduced reaction mechanism (Jones‐Lindstedt). The study was conducted for five volumetric fractions of CO2 or NH3, XCO2/NH3 = 0,4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, two swirl numbers (Sn = 0.6 and 1.05), and four equivalence ratios, ϕ = 0.4 (with dilution), 0.5, 0.8, and 1. The results show that the addition of NH3 to C3H8‐Air flames promotes the production of CO, whereas the minimum NOx emission (0.14 ppm) was obtained for a dilution rate of 16% at ϕ = 0.8 and Sn = 0.6 corresponding to an outlet temperature of Tout = 1652 K.
Flux enhancement of cellulose nitrate membrane through plasma assisted route for waste and mud water treatment
Authors: Hazarika Tonmoi , Das Prince , Jose Jefin , Kakati Bharat , Pal Dipankar , Saikia Rimlee , Mahanta Manoj Kumar
Published: May 2023

Fouling of polymeric membranes is a common problem due to its hydrophobic nature. Plasma assisted surface modification of polymeric membranes are immensely popular method in particular for the improvement of antifouling and adhesive properties. The effect of low‐pressure nitrogen plasma on surface morphology, hydrophilicity, structure, permeate flux and ageing effect for the cellulose nitrate polymer membrane are studied in the present work. The cylindrical Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy are used to characterize the plasma. The macro void creation and pore enlargement effects have been observed from scanning electron microscopy images due to the surface etching of the membrane after plasma treatment. The atomic force microscopy analysis shows a prominent enhancement of the surface roughness of the plasma treated membrane. Wettability of membrane is studied as a function of plasma treatment time for treated and untreated membrane. From the contact angle measurement, it is found that the hydrophilicity of the plasma treated membranes increases with plasma treatment time. From gravity filtration process, the enhancement of permeate flux for both waste water and mud water are observed after plasma treatment. The ageing mechanism of the treated membranes is investigated for 30 days for different plasma treatment time. The hydrophobic recovery of plasma treated membranes is significant for initial ageing period of 7 days, after that it has shown almost stable in nature. A theoretical model is developed to study the hydrophilic recovery of plasma treated membranes. It is observed that the experimental results show a very good agreement with the theoretical results.
Pediatric gray zone lymphoma according to the 2022 WHO classification: An Italian cohort study
Authors: Restivo Giulia Angela , Farruggia Piero , Pillon Marta , Mascarin Maurizio , Elia Caterina , Recupero Santina , Muggeo Paola , Cagnazzo Celeste , Onofrillo Daniela , Mura Rosamaria , Furfari Ilaria , Trizzino Angela , Bertolini Patrizia , Sala Alessandra , De Santis Raffaela , Galimberti Daniela , Schiavello Elisabetta , Carraro Elisa ,   Emanuele Stefano Giovanni D'Amore
Published: May 2023

Background

The 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) classification redefines the concept of gray zone lymphoma (GZL), restricting it in practice to cases of mediastinal/thymic origin (mediastinal gray zone lymphoma, MGZL) with overlapping features between primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma (PMBCL) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Cases with histological characteristics of GZL but occurring without mediastinal involvement are better classified as diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL NOS), with few exceptions.

Procedure

We collected clinical and pathological data about all Italian pediatric patients diagnosed with GZL over a 20‐year period.

Results

We identified only four cases of bona fide MGZL. All patients were adolescent and presented with a mediastinal disease, always associated with other nodal involvement. B symptoms and increased levels of both erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were observed. Only two patients achieved a first complete remission, suggesting a more aggressive clinical behavior than either PMBCL or CHL.

Conclusion

Prospective studies evaluating prognostic factors and establishing the most effective first‐line therapy for MGZL are highly needed.
Striving for the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs) in BRICS economies: The role of green finance, fintech, and natural resource rent
Authors: Udeagha Maxwell Chukwudi , Muchapondwa Edwin
Published: May 2023

In terms of policy, the BRICS region has prioritized achieving environmental sustainability. Environmental problems are mostly caused by the area's continuous reliance on fossil fuels to meet its energy requirements. It is also challenging to significantly reduce the region's reliance on fossil fuels because historically, the region has been a big importer of fossil fuels. As a result, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission rates of the BRICS countries have been rising over time. Furthermore, the area has enormous untapped reserves of renewable energy sources that can be exploited to produce electricity without negatively impacting the ecosystem. In light of this, this research analyses, while controlling for energy innovation, economic growth, and natural resource rent, the combined effects of green finance (GFN) and financial technology (fintech) in reaching the region's carbon neutrality goals from 1990 to 2020. The findings for the BRICS economies, which are consistent with the EKC theory, imply that environmental sustainability is promoted by GFN, fintech, and energy innovation (ENI). NRR (natural resource rent) and GDP (economic growth) compromise environmental quality, nevertheless. It has also been demonstrated that there is a two‐way causal relationship between CO2 emissions and GFN, fintech, and NRR. However, it has been demonstrated that GDP and ENI have a one‐way causal relationship with CO2 emissions. It is recommended that the BRICS nations speed up the development of green financial products and increase the capacity of banks and financial institutions to offer green credit facilities based on the empirical findings. The basic study of how green finance solutions might be used while lowering the related risks should receive more funding.
Substrate Morphology Directs (001) Sb2Se3 Thin Film Growth by Crystallographic Orientation Filtering
Authors: Otavio Mendes Joao , Merenda Andrea , Wilson Karen , Fraser Lee Adam , Della Gaspera Enrico , van Embden Joel
Published: May 2023

Antimony chalcogenide, Sb2X3 (X = S, Se), applications greatly benefit from efficient charge transport along covalently bonded (001) oriented (Sb4X6)n ribbons, making thin film orientation control highly desirable – although particularly hard to achieve experimentally. Here, it is shown for the first time that substrate nanostructure plays a key role in driving the growth of (001) oriented antimony chalcogenide thin films. Vapor Transport Deposition of Sb2Se3 thin films is conducted on ZnO substrates whose morphology is tuned between highly nanostructured and flat. The extent of Sb2Se3 (001) orientation is directly correlated to the degree of substrate nanostructure. These data showcase that nanostructuring a substrate is an effective tool to control the orientation and morphology of Sb2Se3 films. The optimized samples demonstrate high (001) crystallographic orientation. A growth mechanism for these films is proposed, wherein the substrate physically restricts the development of undesirable crystallographic orientations. It is shown that the surface chemistry of the nanostructured substrates can be altered and still drive the growth of (001) Sb2Se3 thin films – not limiting this phenomenon to a particular substrate type. Insights from this work are expected to guide the rational design of Sb2X3 thin film devices and other low‐dimensional crystal‐structured materials wherein performance is intrinsically linked to morphology and orientation.
Tailoring the Nanoporosity and Photoactivity of Metal–Organic Frameworks With Rigid Dye Modulators for Toluene Purification
Authors: Jin Jie , Wan Shipeng , Lee SunJe , Oh Cheoulwoo , Jang Gyu Yong , Zhang Kan , Lu Ziyang , Park Jong Hyeok
Published: May 2023

Facile synthesis of hierarchically porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with adjustable porosity and high crystallinity attracts great attention yet remains challenging. Herein, a micromolar amount of dye‐based modulator (Rhodamine B (RhB)) is employed to easily and controllably tailor the pore size of a Ti‐based metal–organic framework (MIL‐125‐NH2). The RhB used in this method is easily removed by washing or photodegradation, avoiding secondary posttreatment. It is demonstrated that the carboxyl functional group and the steric effects of RhB are indispensable for enlarging the pore size of the MIL‐125‐NH2. The resulting hierarchically porous MIL‐125‐NH2 (RH‐MIL‐125‐NH2) exhibits optimized adsorption and photocatalytic activity because the newly formed mesopore with defects concurrently facilitates mass transport of guest molecules (toluene) and photogenerated charge separation. This work offers a meaningful basis for the construction of hierarchically porous MOFs and demonstrates the superiority of the hierarchical pore structure for adsorption and heterogeneous catalysis.
Zinc Vacancy Promotes Photo‐Reforming Lignin Model to H2 Evolution and Value‐Added Chemicals Production
Authors: Wu Weidong , Luo Zhicheng , Liu Bowen , Qiu Xueqing , Lin Jinxin , Sun Shirong , Wang Xiaofei , Lin Xuliang , Qin Yanlin
Published: May 2023

Lignin, rich in β‐O‐4 bonds and aromatic structure, is a renewable and potential resource for value‐added chemicals and promoting H2 evolution. However, direct photo‐reforming lignin remains a huge challenge due to its recalcitrant structure. Herein, a collaborative strategy is proposed by dispersing Pt on zinc‐vacancy‐riched ZnIn2S4 (Pt/VZn‐ZIS) for revealing the effect of lignin structure during photo‐reforming process with lignin models. And a series of theoretical calculations and experimental results show that lignin model substances with more nucleophilic group structures will have a stronger tendency to occur the photo‐reforming reactions. In addition, benefiting of Pt‐S electronic channel is formed by occupying Pt atom onto zinc vacancies in ZnIn2S4, which can effectively reduce the energy barrier of H2 evolution and accompany the selective oxidation of lignin model from Cα‐OH to Cα = O under simulated sunlight. The natural lignin is used to further demonstrate this selective oxidation mechanism. The presented work demonstrates the photo‐reforming lignin model mechanism and the influence of lignin‐structure during the process of photo‐reforming.
Research on disturbing white‐box cryptography algorithm based on local differential privacy
Authors: Luo Wenjun , Lai Die , Dai Zesen
Published: May 2023

White‐box cryptography protects the secret key extraction from software implementations of cryptographic primitives. The principle is to white‐box the key by using obfuscation and hide the key in the whole encryption process to ensure that the key cannot be traced and extracted. The idea of adding internal perturbed terms and additional random equations is given by Bringer et al. to implement white‐box encryption, which has been attacked due to the defect in structure. In this paper, we propose a new secure white‐box encryption method by combining the random perturbation mechanism of local differential privacy protection and adding internal interference term, which can protect the privacy of the intermediate secret key more securely. The further disrupted cipher can also obtain the correct result by voting without increasing the number of parallel systems, and also gives the practical white‐box representation to AEw/oS. Compared with the white‐box implementation proposed by Bringer et al., the memory space of the new white‐box scheme will be 44 bytes more, but in terms of security, it can resist traditional attacks and Mulder's attacks.
Aero‐servo‐elastic co‐optimization of large wind turbine blades with distributed aerodynamic control devices
Authors: Abbas Nikhar J. , Bortolotti Pietro , Kelley Christopher , Paquette Joshua , Pao Lucy , Johnson Nick
Published: May 2023

This work introduces automated wind turbine optimization techniques based on full aero‐servo‐elastic models and investigates the potential of trailing edge flaps to reduce the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of wind turbines. The Wind Energy with Integrated Servo‐control (WEIS) framework is improved to conduct the presented research. Novel methods for the generic implementation and tuning of trailing edge flap devices and their controller are also introduced. Primary flap and controller parameters are optimized to demonstrate potential maximum blade tip deflection reductions of 21%. Concurrent design optimization (i.e., co‐design) of a novel segmented wind turbine blade with trailing edge flaps and its controller is then conducted to demonstrate blade cost savings of 5%. Additionally, rotor diameter co‐design optimization is demonstrated to reduce the LCOE by 1.3% without significant load increases to the tower. These results demonstrate the efficacy of control co‐design optimization using trailing edge flaps, and the entirety of this work provides a foundation for numerous control co‐design‐oriented studies for distributed aerodynamic control devices.
Investigating local coordination and electronic nature of Cu centers in the copper complexes having aspartic and glutamic acids
Authors: Hinge V. K. , Bairagi M. , Yadav N. , Joshi S. K. , Shrivastava B. D. , Jha S. N. , Bhattacharya D. , Gaur A.
Published: May 2023

X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) at the Cu K‐edge in copper complexes of L‐aspartic acid (asp) and L‐glutamic acid (glu), namely, [Cu(L‐asp)(H2O)].H2O (1) and [Cu(L‐glu)(H2O)].H2O (2) have been investigated using synchrotron radiation. Though, the crystal structure of both of the complexes 1 and 2 have been studied earlier using x‐ray crystallography, it was considered worthwhile to study the coordination geometry and electronic nature of Cu metal center using XAFS. EXAFS analysis indicated that Cu has distorted tetragonal pyramidal and distorted octahedral coordination in complexes, respectively. The XANES spectra have been simulated for the Cu center in the complexes and compared with the experimental XANES spectra. Further, p‐DOS and d‐DOS calculated simultaneously for absorbing Cu metal center have been correlated with the features and shape of the simulated XANES spectra as well as the experimental spectra.
Krylov complexity in free and interacting scalar field theories with bounded power spectrum
Authors: Camargo Hugo A. , Jahnke Viktor , Kim Keun-Young , Nishida Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We study a notion of operator growth known as Krylov complexity in free and interacting massive scalar quantum field theories in d-dimensions at finite temperature. We consider the effects of mass, one-loop self-energy due to perturbative interactions, and finite ultraviolet cutoffs in continuous momentum space. These deformations change the behavior of Lanczos coefficients and Krylov complexity and induce effects such as the “staggering” of the former into two families, a decrease in the exponential growth rate of the latter, and transitions in their asymptotic behavior. We also discuss the relation between the existence of a mass gap and the property of staggering, and the relation between our ultraviolet cutoffs in continuous theories and lattice theories.
The S-matrix of 2D type 0B string theory. Part I. Perturbation theory revisited
Authors: Balthazar Bruno , Rodriguez Victor A. , Yin Xi
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We study the perturbative S-matrix of closed strings in the two-dimensional type 0B string theory from the worldsheet perspective, by directly integrating correlation functions of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Liouville theory. The latter is computed numerically using recurrence relations for super-Virasoro conformal blocks. We show that the tree level 3- and 4-point amplitudes are in agreement with the proposed dual matrix quantum mechanics. The non-perturbative aspects of the duality will be analyzed in a companion paper.
Topological gauging and double current deformations
Authors: Dubovsky Sergei , Negro Stefano , Porrati Massimo
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We study solvable deformations of two-dimensional quantum field theories driven by a bilinear operator constructed from a pair of conserved U(1) currents Ja. We propose a quantum formulation of these deformations, based on the gauging of the corresponding symmetries in a path integral. This formalism leads to an exact dressing of the S-matrix of the system, similarly as what happens in the case of a $$ \textrm{T}\overline{\textrm{T}} $$
T

T
¯

deformation. For conformal theories the deformations under study are expected to be exactly marginal. Still, a peculiar situation might arise when the conserved currents Ja are not well-defined local operators in the original theory. A simple example of this kind of system is provided by rotation currents in a theory of multiple free, massless, non-compact bosons. We verify that, somewhat unexpectedly, such a theory is indeed still conformal after deformation and that it coincides with a TsT transformation of the original system. We then extend our formalism to the case in which the conserved currents are non-Abelian and point out its connection with Deformed T-dual Models and homogeneous Yang-Baxter deformations. In this case as well the deformation is based on a gauging of the symmetries involved and it turns out to be non-trivial only if the symmetry group admits a non-trivial central extension. Finally we apply what we learned by relating the $$ \textrm{T}\overline{\textrm{T}} $$
T

T
¯

deformation to the central extension of the two-dimensional Poincaré algebra.
Das One-Health-Konzept im Kontext globaler Warenketten, Krisen und der Sicherheit von Lebens- und Futtermitteln
Authors: Mader Anneluise , Riede Oliver , Pabel Ulrike , Dietrich Jessica , Sommerkorn Katharina , Pieper Robert
Published: May 2023

Die ganzheitliche Betrachtung der Lebens- und Futtermittelsicherheit unter Einbeziehung der Tiergesundheit und der Umweltbedingungen ist eine wichtige Säule des One-Health-Ansatzes. Die Begrifflichkeit geht damit deutlich über die häufig darunter verstandene Vermeidung der Verbreitung von übertragbaren mikrobiologischen Krankheiten hinaus und verdeutlicht, dass Mensch, Tiere und Umwelt sowie ihre Interaktionen in einem transdisziplinären Kontext betrachtet werden sollten.

In dem vorliegenden Diskussionsbeitrag zum One-Health-Ansatz liegt der Fokus weniger auf mikrobiologischen Risiken, sondern es wird insbesondere der Zusammenhang zu chemischen Risiken in der Nahrungskette hergestellt. Dieser wird an konkreten Beispielen chemischer Kontaminanten (Metalle, persistente organische Kontaminanten und natürliche Toxine) verdeutlicht und die Mechanismen von Eintrag und Weitergabe entlang der Nahrungsketten werden vorgestellt.

Die Minimierung des Vorkommens chemischer Kontaminanten und somit der Exposition erfordert internationale und interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit. Klimawandel, Pandemien, Rohstoffknappheit, Energiemangel, politische Krisen und Umweltkatastrophen können die gesamte Kette der Primärproduktion pflanzlicher und tierischer Lebensmittel sowie die Weiterverarbeitung und Bereitstellung der Produkte für Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher beeinträchtigen. Neben der sich verändernden Verfügbarkeit kann dies auch einen Einfluss auf die Zusammensetzung, Qualität und Sicherheit der Lebens- und Futtermittel haben. Anhand der Effekte auf globalen Warenketten werden vulnerable und resiliente Bereiche sichtbar. Im Sinne des One-Health-Ansatzes gilt es, die Sicherheit und Resilienz entlang der Nahrungskette zu erhöhen und deren Vulnerabilität zu minimieren.
Langzeitauswertung der Low-dose-rate(LDR)-Brachytherapie des lokal begrenzten Prostatakarzinoms
Authors: Carl N. , Rassweiler J. , Andreas J. , Carl S.
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund und Fragestellung

Im Zuge von technischen Innovationen, d. h. Verbesserung der Seed-Qualität, der Implantationsmethode und der Bestrahlungsplanung, konnten sich die Behandlungsergebnisse der Brachytherapie stetig verbessern. Randomisierte Kontrollstudien haben gezeigt, dass beim Niedrig-Risiko-Prostatakarzinom kein Unterschied im biochemischen rezidivfreien Überleben (bRFS) zwischen radikaler Prostatektomie und Low-dose-rate(LDR)-Brachytherapie besteht. Ziel dieser Auswertung war die onkologische Wirksamkeit der LDR-Brachytherapie bei Patienten mit lokal begrenzten Prostatakarzinomen.

Studiendesign und Untersuchungsmethoden

Eine retrospektive multizentrische Analyse wurde an 618 Patienten, die zwischen 2004 und 2019 in zwei Zentren in Deutschland mit einer LDR-Brachytherapie-Monotherapie behandelt wurden, durchgeführt. Die Therapie wurde mit Jod125-Seeds durchgeführt. Postinterventionell wurden nach 3, 6, 12 Monaten und anschließend jährlich Bestimmungen des prostataspezifischen Antigens (PSA) durchgeführt. Primärer Endpunkt war das bRFS. Die Kaplan-Meier-Methode wurde genutzt und ein biochemisches Rezidiv wurde definiert als der PSA-Anstieg um ≥ 2 ng/ml nach zuvor gemessenem Nadir (Phoenix-Definition).

Ergebnisse

Die mediane Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug 52 (3–180) Monate, das bRFS betrug 87,87 % für die Gesamtkohorte. Besseres bRFS wurde bei Patienten mit Gleason Score (GS) ≤ 7a beobachtet (p < 0,0001). Es bestand kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen GS 6 und 7a. D’Amico-Risikogruppe, initialer PSA-Wert sowie der Anteil karzinompositiver Stanzbiopsien hatten einen signifikanten Einfluss auf bRFS (p-Wert < 0,0001; < 0,0001 und 0,0005). Prostatavolumen und ein- oder beidseitiger Befall der Prostata hatten keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf bRFS (p-Wert = 0,86 und 0,28).

Schlussfolgerung

Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen eine gute onkologische Wirksamkeit der LDR-Brachytherapie bei Patienten mit einem GS 6 und 7a.
Entwicklung der Zirkumzisionszahlen in Deutschland seit Billigung der rituellen Beschneidung
Authors: Aksoy Cem , Zacharis Aristeidis , Groeben Christer , Karschuck Philipp , Flegar Luka , Baunacke Martin , Thomas Christian , Schmidt Marcel , Huber Johannes
Published: May 2023

Einleitung

Die Zirkumzision Minderjähriger aus kulturellen und religiösen Gründen ist umstritten. Bei der Diskussion zum Beschneidungsgesetz von 2012 wurde eine Zunahme der Zirkumzision Minderjähriger ohne medizinische Indikation befürchtet. Ziel der Arbeit war es daher, die Entwicklung der Fallzahlen zu analysieren.

Material und Methoden

Auf Basis der Forschungsdatenbank des Instituts für angewandte Gesundheitsforschung GmbH (InGef) mit nach Alter und Region repräsentativen 4,9 Mio. Versichertenanonymen schätzten wir die jährlichen Zirkumzisionszahlen in Deutschland von 2013 bis 2018. Dabei stratifizierten wir die Daten nach Alter (< 18 vs. ≥ 18 Jahren), Kassenärztlicher Vereinigung und Art der Leistungserbringung (ambulant vs. stationär).

Ergebnisse

Im Studienzeitraum wurden insgesamt 673.819 Beschneidungen durchgeführt. Ab 2014 kam es zu einem signifikanten Rückgang der Fallzahlen in allen Altersgruppen (p = 0,049). Dabei haben während des gesamten Studienzeitraums die Beschneidungen bei Minderjährigen signifikant zugenommen (p = 0,002) und die Eingriffe bei Erwachsenen signifikant abgenommen (p = 0,01). Die Zahl der männlichen Minderjährigen stieg um 4 % von 6.709.137 (2013) auf 6.992.943 (2018). Die entsprechende bevölkerungsbezogene Zahl stieg von 7,5 Beschneidungen pro 1000 Minderjährige im Jahr 2013 auf 8 im Jahr 2018 (p = 0,037).

Schlussfolgerung

Nach der Verabschiedung des Beschneidungsgesetzes 2012 kam es zu einer moderaten Zunahme der Zirkumzisionen in der Altersgruppe < 18 Jahre. Eine Limitation unserer Studie ist, dass ein unbestimmter Anteil ritueller Beschneidungen außerhalb des Gesundheitssystems erfolgte.
Abstraction, mimesis and the evolution of deep learning
Authors: Eklöf Jon , Hamelryck Thomas , Last Cadell , Grima Alexander , Snis Ulrika Lundh
Published: May 2023

Deep learning developers typically rely on deep learning software frameworks (DLSFs)—simply described as pre-packaged libraries of programming components that provide high-level access to deep learning functionality. New DLSFs progressively encapsulate mathematical, statistical and computational complexity. Such higher levels of abstraction subsequently make it easier for deep learning methodology to spread through mimesis (i.e., imitation of models perceived as successful). In this study, we quantify this increase in abstraction and discuss its implications. Analyzing publicly available code from Github, we found that the introduction of DLSFs correlates both with significant increases in the number of deep learning projects and substantial reductions in the number of lines of code used. We subsequently discuss and argue the importance of abstraction in deep learning with respect to ephemeralization, technological advancement, democratization, adopting timely levels of abstraction, the emergence of mimetic deadlocks, issues related to the use of black box methods including privacy and fairness, and the concentration of technological power. Finally, we also discuss abstraction as a symptom of an ongoing technological metatransition.
The Order of Convergence in the Averaging Principle for Slow-Fast Systems of Stochastic Evolution Equations in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: de Feo Filippo
Published: May 2023

In this work we are concerned with the study of the strong order of convergence in the averaging principle for slow-fast systems of stochastic evolution equations in Hilbert spaces with additive noise. In particular the stochastic perturbations are general Wiener processes, i.e their covariance operators are allowed to be not trace class. We prove that the slow component converges strongly to the averaged one with order of convergence 1/2 which is known to be optimal. Moreover we apply this result to a slow-fast stochastic reaction diffusion system where the stochastic perturbation is given by a white noise both in time and space.
Wirkfaktoren von Tanz- und Bewegungstherapie im klinischen Kontext
Authors: Estel Sophia M. , Koch Sabine C.
Published: May 2023

In einer multizentrischen Wirkfaktorenstudie wurden 82 psychiatrische und psychosomatische Patient*innen zur Wirkweise von Tanz- und Bewegungstherapie („dance movement therapy“, DMT) befragt. Hypothetisiert wurden (1) ein positiver Effekt der DMT auf Stress (gemessen mit der visuellen Analogskala, VAS), Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (SWE; gemessen mit der Allgemeinen Selbstwirksamkeits Kurzskala, ASKU; Beierlein et al. 2012) und Wohlbefinden (WB; gemessen mit dem Heidelberg State Inventory, HSI; Koch et al. 2016), (2) die Vorhersage der Veränderungen der 3 Outcomes über die Behandlungszeit durch allgemeine psychotherapeutische, künstlerisch-therapeutische sowie tanz- und bewegungstherapeutische Wirkfaktoren (dmt-WF). Explorativ wurde der selbstkonstruierte Fragebogen zu spezifischen Wirkfaktoren der DMT (DMT-SF) psychometrisch untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine signifikante Verbesserung aller Outcomes mit großem Effekt (p < 0,0001; ηp2 = 0,49). Die Veränderungen von Stress und WB konnten statistisch bedeutsam durch die allgemeinen psychotherapeutischen Wirkfaktoren vorhergesagt werden. Für die DMT-SF-Skala ergaben sich zufriedenstellende Gütekriterien sowie eine 3‑faktorielle Lösung mit den Dimensionen Embodiment, Konkretisierung und Gespiegeltwerden (Varianzaufklärung von 61,28 %). Die zusätzliche qualitative Analyse der textuellen Aussagen der Patient*innen über die Wirkweise von DMT bündelte in einem thematischen Netzwerk eine Vielzahl von therapeutischen Wirkfaktoren unter 6 globalen Themen. Die DMT wurde von der Hälfte der Patient*innen als hilfreichste Therapieform im Behandlungsspektrum genannt. Es wurde deutlich, dass die DMT einen bedeutsamen Beitrag als integrativ-medizinisches Verfahren im klinischen Kontext leistet. Des Weiteren legten die Ergebnisse der DMT-SF-Skala nahe, Embodiment (hier besonders gekennzeichnet durch Interozeption) als Generalfaktor von DMT sowie in Bezug auf Psychotherapie i. Allg. stärker zu gewichten und zukünftig weiterzuuntersuchen.
Atmospheric controls on the Terra Nova Bay polynya occurrence in Antarctica
Authors: Fonseca Ricardo , Francis Diana , Aulicino Giuseppe , Mattingly Kyle S. , Fusco Giannetta , Budillon Giorgio
Published: May 2023

Polynyas, or ice-free regions within the sea ice pack, are a common occurrence around Antarctica. A recurrent and often large polynya is the Terra Nova Bay Polynya (TNBP), located on the western side of the Ross Sea just off Victoria Land. In this study, we investigate the atmospheric conditions leading to the occurrence of the TNBP and its spatial variability, as estimated using satellite-derived ice surface temperature and sea ice concentration data. A cluster analysis revealed that katabatic winds descending the Transantarctic Mountains, account for about 45% of the days when the TNBP exceeded its 2010–2017 mean extent plus one standard deviation. Warmer and more moist air intrusions from lower-latitudes from the Pacific Ocean, which are favoured in the negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode, play a role in its expansion in the remaining days. This is more frequent in the transition seasons, when such events are more likely to reach Antarctica and contribute to the occurrence and the widening of the polynya. In-situ weather data confirmed the effects of the mid-latitude air intrusions, while sea ice drifts of up to 25 km day−1 cleared the ice offshore and promoted the widening of the polynya starting from the coastal areas. Knowing the atmospheric factors involved in the occurrence of coastal polynyas around Antarctica is essential as it helps in improving their representation and predictability in climate models and hence advance the models’ capabilities in projecting Antarctic sea ice variability.
Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the timing of surgical triage, tumor stage, and therapy of patients with colon carcinoma
Authors: Speichinger Fiona , Berg Ann-Kathrin , Stoyanova Ani , Pozios Ioannis , Loch Florian , Lauscher Johannes C. , Beyer Katharina , Slavova Nadia , Schineis Christian
Published: May 2023

Purpose

With the onset of the COVID pandemic in Germany in March 2020, far-reaching restrictions were imposed that limited medical access for patients. Screening examinations such as colonoscopies were greatly reduced in number. As rapid surgical triage after diagnosis is prognostic, our hypothesis was that pandemic-related delays would increase the proportion of advanced colon cancers with an overall sicker patient population.

Methods

A total of 204 patients with initial diagnosis of colon cancer were analyzed in this retrospective single-center study between 03/01/2018 and 03/01/2022. Control group (111 patients, pre-COVID-19) and the study group (93 patients, during COVID-19) were compared in terms of tumor stages, surgical therapy, complications, and delays in the clinical setting. The data were presented either as absolute numbers or as median for constant data.

Results

A trend towards more advanced tumor stages (T4a p = 0.067) and a significant increase of emergency surgeries (p = 0.016) with higher rates of ileus and perforation (p = 0.004) as well as discontinuity resections (p = 0.049) during the pandemic could be observed. Delays in surgical triage after endoscopic diagnosis were seen during the 2nd lockdown (02/11/20–26/12/20; p = 0.031).

Conclusion

In summary, the results suggest delayed treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the infection pattern of COVID appearing to have a major impact on the time between endoscopic diagnosis and surgical triage/surgery. Adequate care of colon cancer patients is possible even during a pandemic, but it is important to focus on structured screening and tight diagnosis to treatment schedules in order to prevent secondary pandemic victims.
The history of circadian rhythm research in Austria
Authors: Schernhammer Eva S. , Klösch Gerhard , Ellinger Isabella , Winkler Dietmar , Winkler-Pjrek Edda , Jordakieva Galateja , Papantoniou Kyriaki , Strohmaier Susanne , Lell Bertrand , Waldhauser Franz
Published: May 2023

In view of the recent revival of interest in circadian biology and circadian epidemiology at the Medical University of Vienna, it seems appropriate to highlight the rich and pioneering history of circadian research in Austria. Among the forefathers of circadian research in Vienna are Otto Marburg (1874–1948), who discovered important elements of the pineal gland physiology, Robert Hofstätter (1883–1970), who used pineal gland extract in obstetrics/gynecology, and Paul Engel (1907–1997), who discovered that the pineal gland was controlled by light. More recently, Vera Lapin (1920–2007) showed that surgical removal of the pineal gland increased tumor growth, while Franz Waldhauser (*1946) investigated melatonin in conjunction with night work. Michael Kundi (*1950) and his team conducted among the first studies demonstrating differences in rhythms of night workers and early evidence for health impairments among them. Furthermore, Vienna-born Erhard Haus (1926–2013) pioneered the discovery of the role and importance of melatonin in relation to numerous diseases. This rich pioneering contribution of scientists in Vienna or with roots in Vienna is continued today by a new generation of chronobiologists, epidemiologists and clinicians in Vienna whose new insights contribute to the rapidly developing field of circadian rhythms research. Current topics and contributions relate to the impact of circadian rhythm disruption on health, and the application of chronotherapeutic approaches in clinical and preventive settings.