bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Have Higher Acute Kidney Injury Morbidity than those Without After SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Song Yuting , Mao Dongdong , Zou Rong , Hu Yanglin , Luo Dan , Liu Hong , Tu Can , Xiong Fei
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) increase the risk of serious disease and mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients. This study evaluated the occurrence and outcome of AKI in CKD and non-CKD patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Subjects and Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 845 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection regarding the occurrence and outcome of AKI in a coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-designated hospital in Wuhan, China, from December 31, 2019, to March 20, 2020.

Results:

Of the 845 COVID-19 patients, 91 had CKD and 754 had no CKD (non-CKD), of whom 22 and 14 developed AKI, respectively. Finally, 36 patients were included in the analysis. Older patients and those with cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases were more likely to develop AKI. More CKD patients progressed to critical illness (72.73%) than non-CKD patients (57.14%), but the degree of AKI in CKD patients was lesser than that in non-CKD patients. Higher urea nitrogen, creatinine, and proteinuria levels were observed in CKD patients. More non-CKD patients were treated with human albumin than CKD patients. The survival probability of CKD patients was lower than that of non-CKD patients, but it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

There were significant differences in the incidence rate of AKI after SARS-CoV-2 infection between CKD and non-CKD patients, and the clinical manifestations and treatments of AKI also differed. These results highlight the necessity of variable treatment methods for optimal clinical management.
Estudio de conocimientos tradicionales sobre biodiversidad e indicadores climáticos de comunidades mapuches en Chile
Authors: Retamal Rubio Jorge , Silva Armas Juan Felipe
Published: March 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los conocimientos tradicionales que en la actualidad aplican las comunidades Mapuches de Chile en sus actividades productivas, ambientales y de organización sociocultural; identificando aquellos que puedan aportar a la adaptación y mitigación al cambio climático, reflejadas en la actualización de la contribución nacional determinada. Se trabajó con 16 comunidades que pertenecen a distintos territorios dentro de la región de la Araucanía en Chile. El estudio tuvo en cuenta cuatro identidades territoriales del pueblo Mapuche: Lafkenche, Pehuenche, Nagche y Wenteche. La metodología empleada se basa en el análisis de los contenidos para proceder a la clasificación de los conocimientos y los distintos conceptos en categorías y subcategorías. La obtención de los datos se realizó mediante una metodología desarrollada con un enfoque intercultural, con base a las entrevistas y cuestionarios aplicados en diferentes etapas. Como resultado se obtuvo un conjunto de indicadores utilizados por las comunidades, clasificados en: biológicos, atmosféricos, astronómicos y culturales; un inventario de conocimientos tradicionales y un modelo de articulación intercultural de los conocimientos tradicionales y científicos. Como conclusión se pudo evidenciar que las personas Mapuches, que hablan su lengua, poseen valiosos conocimientos tradicionales para la adaptación y mitigación al cambio climático.
Crisis del modelo democrático en el siglo XXI
Authors: Babarykina Nadiia
Published: March 2022

The objective of the text is to serve as an editorial to the edition volume 40, number 72, January-June 2022 of Political Issues. Methodologically, it is an editorial essay of a reflective nature based on documentary sources consulted in digital format. The crisis of the democratic model is in some way a global phenomenon that affects, to a greater or lesser extent, all modern societies that have adopted the government of the people and the power of the people as a form of state and government with constitutional status. It is concluded that democracy, beyond its different expressions and modalities, is the only political system that allows the enjoyment and enjoyment of human rights in a social framework of freedom, quality of life and dignity, but despite its benefits it is not exempt from contradictions such as: the crisis of representation, the loss of confidence in political institutions and the corruption of political parties and their respective leaderships; these contradictions put at stake the legitimacy of this form of government and also create the conditions of possibility for the production of neo-populist or neoconservative leadership that vindicate authoritarian ways of exercising power to the detriment of the rule of law.
The use of electronic evidence in court: a comparative legal analysis in the world practice
Authors: Pasha Asgarova Matanat , Abdurakhman Oglu Aliyev Bakhtiyar , Khalilov Fardin Y. , Zakir kizi Hasanova Ilhama 
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to such a topical issue as the use of electronic evidence in court. The purpose of the article is to determine the basic principles of electronic evidence, study domestic and foreign legislation on the use of electronic evidence in court, determine their place in the system of evidence, and identify problems with evidence in court. It was found that electronic evidence should be understood as factual data that are displayed in digital forms and recorded on any type of media, as well as after processing by electronic computers become possible and accessible to human perception. It has been established that in most of the European countries we study, electronic evidence is unquestionably classified as written and is not singled out. It has been identified that electronic documents have the same legal force in some countries as paper documents. It was concluded that in Azerbaijan the procedure for collecting and examining electronic evidence in domestic proceedings should be improved to avoid various technical errors, as well as to strengthen cybersecurity measures and increase basic knowledge of judges in the field of information technology.
International standards for criminal proceedings in emergency legal regimes
Authors: Teteriatnyk Hanna , Piaskovskyi Vadym , Myrovska Anna , Sakovskyi Andrii , Gunchenko Daria
Published: March 2022

The article aims to study the theoretical and applied aspects of pre-trial research in emergency legal regimes such as: martial law, the state of emergency or the area of joint forces operation in Ukraine. International legal requirements for due process in criminal proceedings during emergency legal regimes are analyzed. It is claimed that the existing experience in Ukraine of normative regulation of criminal proceedings under the conditions of special legal regimes is inefficient, fragmentary, and therefore does not fully correspond to modern ideas about human rights and the democratic and legal state. The perspectives for the application of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in criminal proceedings under emergency legal regimes are identified. It was concluded that the investigating authorities carry out all the means to establish the facts of the disappeared persons in the area of Operation of Joint Forces within the framework of the criminal process, which will allow to comply, in theory, with all the requirements for the effectiveness of the investigation. The basis for the formation of legislation on this subject should be the relevant law on missing persons.
International Cooperation in Investigating Economic Crimes of Transnational Nature
Authors: Didkivska Galina , Miroshnychenko Serhiy , Zavydniak Iryna , Biriukova Inna , Hmyrin Andrii , Lopashchuk Dmitry
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the research is to highlight international cooperation in investigation of economic crimes of a transnational nature. The main content. It is emphasized that the concept of “international cooperation in fight against crimes” is in the sphere of action of various legal systems of both international public law and domestic law of states (countries) taking part in cooperation.”. It is established that it is necessary to clearly delineate the subject of international legal regulation of this type of interaction between states and international organizations. Methodology. Review of materials and methods based on analyzing documentary materials of international cooperation in investigating economic crimes of transnational nature. Conclusions. Due to objective reasons and circumstances modern international relations are characterized by expansion of legal cooperation in investigating economic crimes of transnational nature. At the same time, certain entities can be clearly distinguished in the circle of participants of such cooperation. Considering their goals of creation, their range of powers and features of their implementation such entities operate only in the fight against crimes at the international level - these are international law enforcement organizations.
International legal protection of encroachment on life of representative of foreign state
Authors: Humin Oleksii , Hretsa Yaroslav , Homonai Vasyl , Phartenadze Omar , Medvid Andrii
Published: March 2022

Through legal hermeneutics, the article analyzes the international legal regulation of the protection of a foreign diplomatic representative, therefore, special attention is paid to the regulation of diplomatic privileges and immunities. The need to use the positive experience of states on the introduction of internal security in diplomatic representations is based, this is the purpose of the article. It is important that, despite several existing international legal acts on the protection of diplomatic representations and their personnel, there is an urgent need to increase their efficiency and effectiveness, in particular for the filling of existing gaps in international diplomatic law through further codification and development of international law and, also, to take measures in accordance with this branch of law against the offending state, strengthening sanctions for violations by states of the provisions on the privileges and immunities of foreign diplomatic representations and their personnel. As a result, we consider it appropriate to take the measures provided for by legislation to effectively implement the rules of criminal law on the punishment of persons who have committed crimes against representatives of a foreign State who enjoy diplomatic immunity.
Prevention of Central Line-Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI) in Adult ICU Patients
Authors:   , Allahbachayo Salima
Published: March 2022

Practice Problem: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) account for most hospital-associated preventable infections in the United States and globally. Implementation of a multifaceted approach including evidence-based CLABSI bundle care has shown to prevent this infection in patients with a central line. PICOT: The PICOT question that guided this project was that in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients, how does the use of central line bundle care compared to central line care without bundle decrease central line-associated bloodstream infections within eight weeks? Evidence: The evidence from a rigorous literature review showed that using a central line bundle care program in adult ICU patients effectively decreases CLABSI infection. The bundled care program includes the implementation of bundled care interventions through infection surveillance, infection control, and staff education. Intervention: The intervention for the change project included developing ICU staff nurses' competency and compliance in implementing CLABSI bundle care. The ICU educator's competency in conducting all future staff training and periodic compliance auditing related to CLABSI was also developed as a part of this project. Outcome: The project results revealed an effective clinical impact on the CLABSI prevention care as evidenced by increased use of midline catheters as a central line replacement, a decrease in the number of days the central line is left in place, and a decreased CLABSI infection rate. Conclusion: The project aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bundle care in patients admitted to ICU with a central line and provided well-grounded CLABSI prevention practice recommendations to decrease negative clinical outcomes, including but are not limited to the extended hospital stay, significant morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs.
Alcances, límites y contradicciones de una red alimentaria alternativa de la Ciudad de México: nuestra experiencia desde la Cooperativa de Consumo La Imposible
Authors: Bracamontes Nájera Luis , Espinosa Bonifaz Irene Sofía , Moreno Reyes Amiel Aketzali , Franco de los Reyes Diego Antonio
Published: March 2022

Este artículo analiza los alcances, límites y contradicciones de la Cooperativa de Consumo La Imposible entendida como una red alimentaria alternativa (RAA) frente a la crisis civilizatoria actual. Se trata de una organización que articula a productoras y consumidoras que buscan otras formas de producir y consumir alimentos fuera de los circuitos económicos dominantes. La Imposible se encuentra en la Ciudad de México y las autoras de este texto participan en su organización. Se propone una metodología cualitativa que consiste en mostrar el desarrollo y funcionamiento del proyecto para compararlo con la economía convencional y con algunos conceptos sobre otras formas de organizar la producción, distribución y consumo de comestibles. En primer lugar, se describe el proceso organizativo de La Imposible señalando algunos de los elementos que la distinguen del sistema agroalimentario convencional (SAC). En segundo lugar, se hace un balance de los alcances de la red en función de las propuestas teóricas de la soberanía alimentaria, la economía solidaria, la economía feminista, la autogestión y la producción de los comunes. Finalmente, se problematizan los alcances del proyecto al considerar sus límites y contradicciones, tales como la sostenibilidad y las relaciones con el Estado y el mercado. El análisis corrobora que La Imposible es una alternativa concreta que beneficia a sus participantes más allá de los intercambios económicos, pero que no puede abstraerse totalmente de la lógica predominante de la economía capitalista.
NGHIÊN CỨU ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA CÁC NGUYÊN LIỆU DẦU ĐẾN THÀNH PHẦN AXIT BÉO CỦA GAN CÁ TRA (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)
Authors: Thị My My Võ , Mod May , Trinh Trần Thị Lệ , Hải Phạm Duy , Nguyện Nguyễn Văn
Published: March 2022

Thức ăn có vai trò quyết định đến chất lượng của cá tra, đặc biệt hàm lượng các axit béo có giá trị cao trong cơ thịt cá. Nghiên cứu đánh giá ảnh hưởng của các nguyên liệu dầu bổ sung vào thức ăn đến sự thay đổi thành phần axit béo trong gan cá tra. Thí nghiệm có 4 nghiệm thức (D1, D2, D3, D4) bổ sung lần lượt các nguyên liệu dầu cám gạo, hạt lanh, dầu cá, dầu đậu nành; 1 nghiệm thức kết hợp hạt lanh và dầu cá (D5) và 1 nghiệm thức thương mại (D6). Gan được phân tích bằng hệ thống GC-FID. Kết quả cho thấy các axit béo thiết yếu có xu hướng thay đổi tương tự nhau sau 6 tháng nuôi. Oleic axit cao nhất ở D1 (34,46%). Linoleic axit cao nhất ở D4 (6,67%). -Linolenic axit cao nhất ở D2 (2,94%) và D5 (2,02%), cao hơn rất nhiều so với các nghiệm thức còn lại. Arachidonic axit của D6 (5,27%) là cao nhất. Eicosapentaenoic axit cao ở D2 (1,32%) và D5 (1,25%). Docosahexaenoic axit cao nhất ở D3 (7,66%) và D5 (7,47%). Axit béo không bão hòa cao của D4 (14,41%) cao nhất. Tổng omega-3 cao nhất D2 (10,84%), omega-6 cao nhất tại D4 (14,48%). Tỷ lệ omega-3/omega-6 cao nhất D2, thấp nhất ở D6. Nhìn chung, nghiên cứu cho thấy thành phần axit béo trong gan cá phản ánh sự tương quan với thành phần axit béo trong thức ăn.
The Impacts of Wholesale Market Rules and Policies on Clean Energy Goals: A Primer for Local Governments
Authors: Caplan Elise , Greene Zach , Womble Joseph , McLaughlin Katrina , Bird Lori
Published: March 2022

This paper discusses the evolving rules and policies of wholesale markets that can create barriers to local governments' achievement of an effective and rapid clean energy transition. The report reviews the current barriers associated with transmission, market rules, and stakeholder processes across these markets while considering how these barriers affect local government clean energy and decarbonization goals, and the role of effective engagement in addressing these barriers.
Aplicación del proceso de descubrimiento del conocimiento para la detección de diabetes
Authors: Báez Irma Yazmín Hernández , Sosa Sandra Elizabeth León , Jaimes Miguel Ángel Ruiz , Yáñez Alma Delia Nieto , Díaz Roberto Enrique López
Published: March 2022

En este trabajo de investigación se presenta el uso de la ciencia de datos en el proceso de clasificación de pacientes diabéticos o no diabéticos, analizando diversos factores como: El índice de masa corporal, los niveles de glucosa, el grosor de la piel, los niveles de insulina, la edad y la presión sanguínea. El alcance principal del proyecto es el desarrollo de un sistema web que permite realizar las diferentes fases del proceso KDD para realizar clasificación, se implementaron diferentes funciones en cada una de las fases del proceso KDD, para permitir al usuario sintonizar los diferentes parámetros y así poder realizar experimentos para obtener varios resultados y, posteriormente, evaluar cual de esos resultados es el mejor. Se presentan los resultados de la experimentación realizada comparando los resultados de la aplicación desarrollada vs. los resultados obtenidos con la aplicación comercial RapidMiner. Se comparan resultados utilizando los algoritmos: KNN, clasificador bayesiano, árbol de decisión y el perceptrón multicapa de ambos sistemas.
Treatment of Trans-Sphincteric Fistula-In-Ano with Combined Therapy of Laser and Kshara Sutra
Authors: Mohammad Amir  , Mrigank Shekhar  , Arun Kumar Singh  , Neelam Gupta
Published: March 2022

Fistula-in-ano is most infectious disease among all the ano-rectal disorders since ancient times. Over the past few decades, various techniques are being evaluated in terms to prevent its recurrence and complications; it is still a challenging surgical disease. The sign and symptoms of fistula in ano resembles with Bhagandar described in Ayurvedic classics. Kshara sutra therapy (medicated thread) practiced in Ayurveda Since ancient time for the management of Naadi Vrana and Bhagandar. Kshara sutra therapy has revolutionized the treatment of fistula-in-ano, as it treat the main culprit of fistula that is cryptoglandular origin but the drawback of Kshara sutra therapy are as it takes more number of hospital visit, long anxiety period and discomfort. In present time LASER therapy is used in various medical surgery and also in proctology like in fistula as FILAC, DLPL etc. Diode LASER 980nm (Radial Fibre) burns unhealthy granulation tissues in 360° manner with less or minimal pain, LASER act as photo evaporation effect and leads to the shrinkage of the fistula tract. But if we do LASER in internal opening of fistula it provides a bare area for microbes and creates a chance to re-infects the crypts and anal glands, which further leads recurrent fistula formation. Therefore a novel technique for sphincter preserving surgery proposed as combined therapy of Kshara sutra ligation for main culprit that is cryptoglandular infection as SMAK (Sub Mucosal Application of Kshara Sutra) and LASER, shrink the remaining fistula tract instantly
Fabrication of Mambong Pottery by Using Slip Casting Method
Authors: Termizi A.I.A. , Mohamed J.J.
Published: March 2022

Mambong pottery in Kuala Krai, Kelantan is one of the types of potteries in Malaysia other than Sayong, Terenang and Sarawak pottery. Mambong pottery was being made by traditional technique like pinching and throwing. In this research, Mambong pottery was made by using slip casting method. This method used porous mould which can absorb the water content from the clay slip. Different composition of water and clay was used and its effect on product properties was investigated. Samples with different composition of water and clay were labelled as 50C50W, 60C40W, 70C30W and 80C20W samples with addition of 0.7% of sodium silicate, Na2SiO3. The samples were characterized by its specific gravity (S.G.) of clay slip, drying and firing linear shrinkage, density and porosity and strength of the clay samples. Finding from this research showed that 70C30W sample is the optimum composition in fabricating pottery by using slip casting among other samples.
Severe Acute Global Respiratory Failure Treated with Non Invasive Ventilation: Role of Presepsin as an Early Marker of Sepsis
Authors: Barzaghi F  , Oggionni E  , Piluso M  , F D’Arcangelo , L Parachini , Nadalin M  , Pagani S  , Scarpazza P
Published: March 2022

In polypathological patients an early diagnosis of respiratory failure is often difficult. Frequently, polypathology does not allow intubation and intensive care unit (ICU) treatment with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and admission to respiratory intermediate care unit (RICU) may be the only option in these cases. Presepsin, a new predictive marker of systemic infection, appears particularly usefull for early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of sepsis. 1.2. Case A 73-year-old man with a previous history of ischemic heart disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), residual constrictive pericarditis, previous multiple hospitalizations for heart failure (CHF), autoimmune hemolytic anemia on chronic steroid therapy and cognitive impairment arrived to the Emergency Department (ED) in acute global respiratory failure with severe acidosis; he was normothermic, radiological imaging showed aspecific diffuse parenchymal thickening and traditional inflammatory markers (white blood cell - WBC - count and serum level of C-reactive protein - CPR - and procalcitonin - PCT) were in normal range, but blood tests revealed a marked elevation in the value of presepsin. Intensivist’s evaluation concluded for a do-not intubate (DNI) status and the patient was admitted to RICU. The combined treatment with NIV, broad-spectrum antibiotics and dopamine resulted in a progressive improvement of the clinical, laboratoristic and radiological parameters and the subsequent discharge of the patient to home in satisfactory general condition. 1.3. Conclusions Elevated presepsin level was found to be an early predictor of severe sepsis, ofter preceding other laboratory or clinical signs of infection. NIV in RICU and medical therapy allowed the successful treatment of a severe global respiratory failure in a DNI patient.
Microrna-145 Inhibits EMT and Fibrosarcoma Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion by Targeting HMGA2
Authors: M Cheng , W Huang , W Cai , M Fang , Y Chen , C Wang , W Yan , G Luo
Published: March 2022

1.1 Aim: Fibrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of subcutaneous tissue characterized by slow infiltrative growth and a high rate of local recurrence. The participation of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in the pathogenesis of human diseases and the vital role of miR-145 in different types of cancer. However, the role of miR-145 in fibrosarcoma remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-145 in the progression of fibrosarcoma and its potential application as a new therapeutic target. 1.2. Methods: The present study screened out a differential gene named high mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2) via bioinformatics analysis. In the present study, the gene expression profiles of fibrosarcoma cells and normal cells were downloaded from GEO Datasets GSE10021 and GSE1774. The human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080 were transfected with miR-145 mimics, mimic negative control (NC), pCMV6 vector, overexpression plasmid vector of HMGA2, (si)RNA-HMGA2 or siRNA-NC. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were performed to examine the mRNA (miR-145) and protein (HMGA2, N-cadherin, Vimentin and E-cadherin) expression levels in HT1080 cells. Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to examine the TH1080 cell viability, proliferation and migratory capacities, respectively. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay were performed to investigate the relationship between miR145 and its potential target gene (HMGA2). 1.3. Results: The results demonstrated that overexpression of HMGA2 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells, whereas HMGA2 knockdown had no effect on the proliferation of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. However, overexpression of miR-145 reversed the facilitating effects of HMGA2 in tumor progression via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) modulation. Mechanistically, miR-145 exerted its inhibitory role in fibrosarcoma by directly binding to the 3’-untranslated region of HMGA2. 1.4. Conclusion: miR-145 plays an inhibitory role in fibrosarcoma progression by directly suppressing HGMA2 expression and EMT progression. Thus, miR-145 may act as a potential therapeutic target for malignant fibrosarcoma therapy
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Infection: A Case Study of Bacteraemia caused by Escherichia Coli
Authors: Yao X  , XL Yang , PP He , Qi Q  , LJ Wang , SH Tang , JP Qin
Published: March 2022

It is widely believed that liver transplantation is the only way to cure hepatic cirrhosis. However, due to limited funds and liver donors, liver transplantation is seldom performed in Asia, especially in China. For patients who have experienced oesophageal and gastric varices bleeding and waiting for a liver transplant, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has proven to be an ideal treatment procedure. However, TIPS may lead to severe complications. At present, TIPS infections remain a rare complication, and the definition remains controversial. Specific pathogenesis has not been elucidated. In the literature, no pathogenic bacterium has been confirmed as a major pathogen of TIPS infection, and no infections have been attributed to the placement of TIPS. Whether or not such infections are all associated with stent implantation of TIPS remains a question that needs to be answered. We report a case involving successful treatment of this patient that potentially can be used as a reference in clinics
Disc drusen and anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Jain B K , Adhikary H P
Published: March 2022

Sudden loss of vision due to the effects of drusen on the optic nerve is rare. We describe a white woman aged 42 who had sudden loss of vision in the right eye, followed by the left in a similar fashion at an interval of twelve months. The results of complete medical and neuro-radiologic examinations were entirely normal. Summarised evidence showed that this was due to drusen causing compre sion anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
Authors: Danish SMA , Pearson JD , Murgatroyd AB
Published: March 2022

In this article we present two cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) diagnosed on the basis of rapidly deteriorating dementia, myoclonus and periodic triphasic wave on electroencephalogram (EEG).
Increasing Self-Esteem to Attract and Retain Farmers in Agriculture Profession
Authors: Nath Sujit K.
Published: March 2022

Besides income, prestige also plays a major role in selection of profession. Lowering of self-\ esteem is perceived as one of the major setbacks for reducing attraction towards farming by the current generation. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Deogarh, Odisha developed a strategy and worked upon it during 2018-19 and 2019-20 to increase the social status of farmers by increasing their human values. The selected farmers were branded as experts in certain fields before a public gathering. Their role and success story was highlighted through different mass media. The effect of such action was observed and recorded. The branded farmers felt their increased social status after branding by KVK. These young farmers served as a medium for technology transfer in their locality. Increasing of self-esteem was perceived as the greatest effect of branding by the farmers. The studied farmers were of the opinion that even after recognized by government, they had the least opportunity to easily avail government schemes. This novel approach was found a successful step towards encouraging farmers, rural agripreneurs as well as transfer of farm technologies. The model can be replicated successfully in agriculture and other such areas for a wholesome development.
International Lower Urinary Tract Function Data Set: A Study in Spinal Cord Injury Population in HRC
Authors: Abdul Halim Hassan  , Farah Husna Mohd Fadzil  , Vairavanathan Theenathayalan  , Siti Suhaida Sudin
Published: March 2022

Background and aim:  The majority of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients will experience bladder dysfunction, referred to as neurogenic bladder, which results in problems related to storage and release of urine. It is critical for primary care providers to work with patients to develop an effective voiding routine to avoid complications of inadequate bladder management. This study reviews the epidemiology data of spinal cord injury patients with the neurogenic bladder in a rehabilitation hospital. Methods: A retrospective survey involved the opportunistic study of 179 patients with SCI who underwent a urodynamic study. The information was collected using International Lower Urinary Tract Function Basic SCI Data Set and analysed using SPSS version 26. Results: There were 179 SCI patients with neurogenic bladder between 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2020. Predominantly was male (n = 121, 68% ) with the mean age of 37. Majority are paraplegia ( n = 121, 68%). The cause of injury is mainly traumatic (n = 102, 57.3%), with the highest number of incomplete injuries (n = 113, 63.5%) compared to incomplete injury. The majority of them have an awareness of the bladder sensation (n = 128, 71.9%). CISC is the main method of bladder emptying technique used by the patients, which comprise 83 patients (46.6%), followed by normal voiding method (n = 63, 35.4%) and other methods that patients have used are straining (n = 3), involuntary reflex (n = 3) and crede (n = 1). CBD is the main method for 16 patients (9%). The majority of these patients have daily leaking (n = 88, 49.4%), requiring a collecting device (n = 80, 44.9%). Only 28 patients (31.8%) with daily leaking has bladder relaxant on board. A total of 77 (43.3%) of the samples has bladder changes within the last year. Conclusion: This descriptive study provides valuable information for clinicians regarding patients’ bladder management. However, the data collection has ideally been done at a timely follow-up interval to better understand the issues.
Orthotic Intervention for Ageing Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Brief Review
Authors: Muhamad Iman Jabilin  , Khin Nyein Yin  , Fatimah Ahmedy
Published: March 2022

Background and aim: The lifespan of individuals with spinal cord injury has increased significantly for the past decade due to improved healthcare and rehabilitation. However, ageing with SCI requires a unique management approach, including orthotic intervention for mobility function. This review explores the use of orthotic intervention among the elderly with SCI. Methods: A literature search was conducted via Medline and ScienceDirect for articles published from 2001 to 2021 with the following terms: “orthotic” or “orthosis” or “orthoses” and “spinal cord injury” and “elderly” or “geriatric” or “ageing”. Selected articles must be English and evaluate the usage of orthotic intervention among the elderly (aged >65 years) with a history of SCI. Reviews articles, case reports, and dissertations were excluded studies as well that included concomitant use of other interventions such as functional electrical stimulation devices. Results: The literature search yielded 25 articles, and after the screening, 3 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Mostly used orthosis was reciprocal gait orthosis, hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis, and knee-ankle-foot orthosis among the elderly with SCI. Between 25.8% to one-third of the studied population were reported not compliant with the orthotic interventions due to difficulties of donning and using them in day-to-day activities. Age was not a significant factor for poor compliance with the use of an orthosis (p > 0.05). None of the articles has evaluated the use of orthosis for improving hand function in tetraplegia. Conclusions: Longevity research in SCI must focus on orthotic interventions among ageing SCI individuals, especially on poor compliance and its causes, as well as the use of upper limb orthosis for tetraplegic hands.
The technological challenges faced by selected Durban warehouses in the era of e-Commerce
Authors:   , Shozi Gorgeous Yenziwe
Published: March 2022

The use of technology in this current era is constantly evolving. From smartphones to online purchasing, banking transactions to virtual meetings, the digital world has become part of people’s lifestyle and is expanding quite rapidly. This has resulted in a lot of pressure on companies to keep their systems technologically up-to-date. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is one of the major ways that technology has been used in the world of business. It has become an important factor in today’s world of business for both developed and developing countries, making it a driving force for economic growth. Electronic commerce, an attribute of the internet, has become a convenient way of doing business, communicating with potential customers as well as buying online. As businesses grow and the demand to fulfil customers’ orders increases, the role of the warehouse becomes significant and more visible. In this case, the warehouse needs to ensure that proper storage is available to accommodate large supply of goods. The aim of this study was to investigate the technological challenges facing selected warehouses in the Durban region regarding to e-commerce whilst being guided by the aim of determining the technological challenges affecting warehouses in the era of e-commerce. The researcher used a qualitative approach to investigate these challenges by using an interview instrument. The sample size for the study was 16 participants. However, due to the pandemic, only 8 participants in total were available. The findings were linked to both primary and secondary data. The study found that e-commerce is essential for business. It is a business platform that needs to be utilised successfully, considering the rapid change and development in technology. The future of the warehouse is automation. Therefore, having technology in the warehouse will improve productivity. The study recommends that warehouses need to consider adopting a warehouse executes system (WES) in the future. This system combines both warehouse management system and warehouse control system.
DUAS DÉCADAS DE FORÇA DE TRABALHO TERCEIRIZADO NA UFF:
Authors: MEIRELLES CATHARINA MARINHO , REIS ANA CAROLINA , DE MORAES LUINÁ SILVEIRA
Published: March 2022

O artigo apresenta os resultados parciais da pesquisa sobre o processo de terceirização nas universidades públicas brasileiras, tendo como foco de análise o caso da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Considerando que a terceirização materializa a precarização do trabalho, convém compreender porque e como a universidade tem adotado e desenvolvido esta forma de contratação de trabalho, nomeadamente nas duas últimas décadas. Portanto, o objetivo geral deste artigo é contar a história da terceirização na UFF, por meio da descrição dos principais resultados das pesquisas documentais sobre o histórico e o avanço da terceirização e sobre os contratos de prestação de serviços celebrados. Empregou-se como procedimento metodológico a análise documental, tendo como objeto os documentos que versam sobre a contratação de mão de obra terceirizada, os relatórios de gestão, bem como os contratos celebrados entre a UFF e as empresas prestadoras de serviço de limpeza, vigilância armada e vigilância patrimonial. A história da terceirização na UFF revela que, além de comprometer a qualidade das atividades realizadas na universidade, compromete seriamente a dignidade da classe trabalhadora, submetida a este tipo de contratação.
El derecho a entender en la nueva factura eléctrica regulada en España
Authors: Subiela-Hernández Blas-José , Sánchez-Hervás David , Miralles González-Conde María Ascensión
Published: March 2022

Según la Comisión Nacional del Mercado y la Competencia (CNMC), aproximadamente un 40% de familias reconocen no comprender sus facturas de electricidad cada año. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar si el nuevo modelo de factura regulada establecido en España desde junio de 2021 cumple con las recomendaciones proporcionadas por la Comisión Europea sobre facturación eléctrica clara y usable. Para ello, se ha utilizado la metodología del análisis de contenido.
Los resultados muestran que algunas de las informaciones consideradas relevantes por la Comisión Europea no aparecen en las facturas españolas y que, en general, los modelos implantados en nuestro país son mejorables desde el punto de vista del diseño centrado en el usuario y la comunicación clara.
Source apportionment resolved by time-of-day for improved deconvolution of primary source contributions to air pollution
Authors: Bhandari Sahil , Arub Zainab , Habib Gazala , Apte Joshua S. , Hildebrandt Ruiz Lea
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Present methodologies for source apportionment assume fixed source profiles. Since meteorology and human activity patterns change seasonally and diurnally, application of source apportionment techniques to shorter rather than longer time periods generates more representative mass spectra . Here, we present a new method to conduct source apportionment resolved by time of day using the underlying approach of positive matrix factorization (PMF). We call this approach “time-of-day PMF” and statistically demonstrate the improvements in this approach over traditional PMF. We report on source apportionment conducted on four example time periods in two seasons (winter and monsoon 2017), using organic aerosol measurements from an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM). We deploy the EPA PMF tool with the underlying Multilinear Engine (ME-2) as the PMF solver. Compared to the traditional seasonal PMF approach, we extract a larger number of factors as well as PMF factors that represent the expected sources of primary organic aerosol using time-of-day PMF. By capturing diurnal time series patterns of sources at a low computational cost, time-of-day PMF can utilize large datasets collected using long-term monitoring and improve the characterization of sources of organic aerosol compared to traditional PMF approaches that do not resolve by time of day.
Atmospheric rivers in CMIP5 climate ensembles downscaled with a high-resolution regional climate model
Authors: Gröger Matthias , Dieterich Christian , Dutheil Cyril , Meier H. E. Markus , Sein Dmitry V.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are important drivers of hazardous precipitation
levels and are often associated with intense floods. So far, the response of ARs to climate change in Europe has been investigated using global climate models within the CMIP5 framework. However, the spatial resolution of those models (1–3∘) is too coarse for an adequate assessment of local to regional precipitation patterns. Using a regional climate model with 0.22∘ resolution, we downscaled an ensemble consisting of 1 ERA-Interim (ERAI) reanalysis data hindcast simulation, 9 global historical, and 24 climate scenario
simulations following greenhouse gas emission scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and
RCP8.5. The performance of the climate model to simulate AR frequencies and AR-induced precipitation was tested against ERAI. Overall, we find a good agreement between the downscaled CMIP5 historical simulations and ERAI. However, the downscaled simulations better represented small-scale spatial characteristics. This was most evident over the terrain of the Iberian Peninsula, where the AR-induced precipitation pattern clearly reflected prominent east–west topographical elements, resulting in zonal bands of high and low AR impact. Over central Europe, the models simulated a smaller propagation distance of ARs toward eastern Europe than obtained using the ERAI data. Our models showed that ARs in a future warmer climate will be more frequent
and more intense, especially in the higher-emission scenarios (RCP4.5, RCP8.5). However, assuming low emissions (RCP2.6), the related changes can
be mostly mitigated. According to the high-emission scenario RCP8.5,
AR-induced precipitation will increase by 20 %–40 % in western central
Europe, whereas mean precipitation rates increase by a maximum of only
12 %. Over the Iberian Peninsula, AR-induced precipitation will slightly
decrease (∼6 %) but the decrease in the mean rate will be larger (∼15 %). These changes will lead to an overall increased fractional contribution of ARs to heavy precipitation, with the greatest impact over the Iberian Peninsula (15 %–30 %) and western France (∼15 %). Likewise, the fractional share of yearly maximum precipitation attributable to ARs will increase over the Iberian Peninsula, the UK, and western France. Over Norway, average AR precipitation rates will decline by −5 % to
−30 %, most likely due to dynamic changes, with ARs originating from
latitudes > 60∘ N decreasing by up to 20 % and those originating south of 45∘ N increasing. This suggests that ARs over
Norway will follow longer routes over the continent, such that additional
moisture uptake will be impeded. By contrast, ARs from >60∘ N will take up moisture from the North Atlantic before making landfall over Norway. The found changes in the local AR pathway are probably driven by larger-scale circulation changes such as a change in dominating weather regimes and/or changes in the winter storm track over the North Atlantic.
Juvenile Justice System Implications and Overview of Resolved Cases in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Arif , Amin Sara , Imran Dr. Muhammad
Published: March 2022

The juvenile justice system has been designed to protect the juveniles' rights to avoid sentencing like adults, especially the death sentences. The current study analyses the practical implication and overview of the resolved cases under the juvenile justice system Act 2018 and juvenile justice system ordinance 2000.It is qualitative exploratory research that goes through the content analysis of case laws based on the different crimes; having weapon, attempt to murder, possession of narcotics, rape cases, accused treatment as an adult offender, dispute of age and birth certification, dispute on sentencing the accused base on the age factor. It is found that in various cases, the juveniles have been released on bail after the approval of their age less than sixteen years. The study finds that the juvenile justice system Act 2018 and juvenile justice system ordinance 2000 are significant to protect the children's rights and prevent them from being addicted and professional criminals due to their physical and psychological protection from the jail environment. It concludes that such acts are necessary to providethe juveniles a platform to prove themselves innocent, indulging the age factor and preventing them from the evil influence of rigid and predetermined punishments of their intentional and unintentional committed crimes. The study suggests that policymakers consider the practical stances of the law implementation in the field before introducing the complete law at ground level. This research will be useful for the lawenforcing agencies, policymakers and academicians to have rich insight into the juvenile justice system Act 2018, Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2000 and its practicality.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Upaya Mewujudkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (Studi Kasus Di Sekolah Dasar Se-Kecamatan Leles - Garut)
Authors: Sopandi Firman
Published: March 2022

Latar belakang penelitian ini didasari fenomena permasalahan prestasi belajar siswa yang masih rendah. Masih rendahnya prestasi belajar siswa diduga sebagai akibat dari belum optimalnya kinerja guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalm mewujudkan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Leles Kabupaten Garut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Deskripsi analisis dengan teknik survey, wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan hipotesis penelitian ini adalah statistic dengan model analisis jalur (path analysis). Adapun populasi dan sekaligus menjadi responden dalam penelitian ini adalah guru Pendidikan Agama Islam Se-Kecamatan Leles Kabupaten Garut sebanyak 50 orang. Hasil pengujian hipotesis utama dalam penelitian ini adalah: “Terdapat pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam mewujudkan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Dasar”, dengan pengujian analisis jalur. Pengujian pada sub-sub hipotesis menunjukan bahwa kepemimpinan kepala sekolah memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru Pendidikan Agama Islam. Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah tidak berpengaruh dan tidak signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa.
Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar Siswa Terhadap Disiplin Belajar Siswa Dalam Mewujudkan Capaian Hasil Belajar Siswa (Penelitian di MTs. se-Kecamatan Sukawening Kabupaten Garut)
Authors: Kamilatul Umah Sifa
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh motivasi belajar siswa terhadap disiplin belajar siswa dalam mewujudkan capaian hasil belajar siswa. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik survey. Lokasi penelitian di MTs. se-Kecamatan Sukawening dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 90 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi belajar siswa berpengaruh terhadap disiplin belajar siswa dalam mewujudkan capaian hasil belajar siswa di MTs. se-Kecamatan Sukawening. Artikel ini berkesimpulan bahwa capaian hasil belajar siswa dapat terwujud apabila motivasi belajar siswa dan disiplin belajar siswa dilaksanakan secara optimal.