bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptos actuales de sepsis y shock séptico
Authors: Banchón Alvarado Joseph David , Fernández Saquicela Cristóbal Andrés , Villacís Nieto José Miguel , Camacho García Danny Estuardo
Published: July 2020

La sepsis es una causa principal de enfermedad crítica y mortalidad hospitalaria. El reconocimiento temprano y la intervención son esenciales para la supervivencia de los pacientes. El objetivo de esta investigación es actualizar la información disponible sobre sepsis y shock séptico. El análisis documental se realizó empleando motores de búsqueda avanzada de información científica relacionada a la salud, como Pubmed, Imbiomed y Scielo, seleccionando artículos de del 2011 al 2019 mediante el uso de descriptores de la salud y los medical subject headings. La muestra quedo conformada por un total de 18 artículos científicos de revisión de la literatura y 5 artículos de investigación analítica. Se revisó la definición, epidemiología, fisiopatología, enfoques diagnósticos y terapéuticos de la sepsis y el shock séptico.
İnsan Kaynakları Uygulamalarının Bireysel Performansa Etkisi
Authors: KARAKAYA Kübra , BAYRAKTAR Osman
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmada, insan kaynakları uygulamalarının bireysel performansa etkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın temel hipotezi, insan kaynakları yönetimi uygulamaları ile bireysel performans arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu varsayımıdır. İnsan kaynakları yönetimi uygulamaları ve birey-sel performans algısını belirlemek için Yılmaz (2012) tarafından geliştirilen ölçek kullanılmıştır. Araştırma özel sektörde görev alan beyaz yaka çalışan grubu üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. İnternet üzerinden gerçekleştirilen ankete 304 kişi katılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, IBM SPSS 22.0 yazılım programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, insan kaynakları uygulamaları ile bireysel performans arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p>0.05) bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Araştırma sonuçları İstanbul, Ankara ve İzmir gibi metropollerde faaliyet gösteren yüksek öğrenimli özel hizmet sektörü çalışanları için genellenebilir niteliktedir.
Türkiye’de Sosyal Devletin Sosyal Yardım Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KARAGÖZ Sefa
Published: July 2020

Sosyal devletin en önemli görevlerinin başında halkın refahını yükseltmesi gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda devlet, halkın sosyal güvenliğinin sağlanmasında vazgeçilmez unsurdur. Sosyal güvenliğin primli ve primsiz olmak üzere iki rejimi bulunmaktadır. Primsiz rejim genel olarak devletin vergilerle finanse ettiği ve karşılıksız ödemelerden oluşan sistemdir. Bu çalışmada sosyal güvenliğin primsiz rejimi kapsamında yer alan sosyal yardım üzerinden Türkiye’de sosyal devletin teoride ve uygulamada ne durumda olduğu incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme zihniyet, mevzuat, kurumsal yapı, uygulama ve denetim kapsamında yapılmış ve Türkiye’de sosyal devletin teoride (mevzuat, kurumsal yapı) var olduğu fakat uygulamada (hak temelli sosyal yardım, sosyal harcama, denetim) tam anlamıyla bir sosyal devletten bahsedilemeyeceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Taxonomy and phylogenetic appraisal of Spegazzinia musae sp. nov. and S. deightonii (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) on Musaceae from Thailand
Authors: Samarakoon Binu C. , Phookamsak Rungtiwa , Wanasinghe Dhanushka N. , Chomnunti Putarak , Hyde Kevin D. , Mckenzie Eric H. C. , Promputtha Itthayakorn , Xu Jian-Chu , Li Yun-Ju
Published: July 2020

Tropical plants host a range of fungal niches including endophytes, pathogens, epiphytes and saprobes. A study undertaken to discover the saprobic fungal species associated with Musa sp. (banana) from northern Thailand found two hyphomycetous taxa of Spegazzinia (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales). These were collected during the dry season and their morpho-molecular taxonomic relationships were investigated. Based on phylogenetic analysis of combined SSU, LSU, ITS and TEF1-α sequence data (77% ML, 0.99 BYPP) and contrasting morphological features to the sister taxon, we introduce Spegazzinia musae as a novel species from a decaying leaf of Musa sp. Details on the taxonomy, ecology and geographical distribution of Spegazzinia species are provided. In addition, we report S. deightonii as a new host record from Musa sp. Our data further validate the taxonomic placement of Spegazzinia in Didymosphaeriaceae.
Le nucléaire iranien vu de France
Authors: Therme Clément
Published: July 2020

La question nucléaire iranienne est au centre du discours officiel français pour illustrer l’hypothèse d’une course aux armements nucléaires au Moyen-Orient. Ce nouveau discours officiel émerge entre 2005 et 2007 et s’explique notamment par la prise de pouvoir des stratégistes contre les régionalistes réalistes au Quai d’Orsay. Plus largement, il reflète le discours dominant au sein des États occidentaux sur un autre nucléaire qui par essence serait différent. Cet article vise donc à décrypter le décalage croissant entre l’idéologie nucléaire officielle de la France et la réalité des évolutions internes et diplomatiques relatives au programme nucléaire iranien. Pour ce faire, il s’agit de déconstruire le discours officiel produit en France sur le nucléaire iranien pour montrer la complexité des facteurs déterminants les choix de l’Iran qui ont conduit à la conclusion de l’Accord sur le nucléaire de 2015.
Le cinéma iranien et sa projection internationale : une histoire brève
Authors: Bagheri Asal
Published: July 2020

Cet article est un historique non exhaustif de la présence du cinéma iranien sur la scène internationale, de ses débuts à nos jours (1900-2020) notamment au travers de trois festivals européens des plus importants, à savoir : le Festival de Cannes, la Berlinale et la Mostra de Venise.
Marie-Antoinette : mémoires croisées d’un procès et d’une exécution sous la Terreur (1793 – XIX e siècle)
Authors: de Waresquiel Emmanuel
Published: July 2020

Un événement comme le procès et la condamnation à mort de l’ancienne reine de France Marie-Antoinette les 14-16 octobre 1793, par le Tribunal révolutionnaire, ne prend tout son sens et n’atteint sa véritable profondeur historique que si l’on tente de le restituer dans le long terme de ses mémoires. Il apparaît alors combien une figure aussi clivante a pu contribuer à faire de la Révolution, et pendant longtemps, le lieu principal des divisions françaises, comme le champ d’une bataille qui n’aurait jamais fini de s’achever.
Le suffrage censitaire en chansons
Authors: Leterrier Sophie-Anne
Published: July 2020

Les chansons sous la Restauration l’un des éléments de la propagande libérale (et de la contre-propagande légitimiste), un moyen à la fois de protester contre les entraves à l’exercice du droit de vote, de contourner la censure et de ridiculiser l’adversaire. Sous la monarchie de Juillet, le thème, repris par des chansonniers de cercles moins élitistes, devient un élément de la lutte politique contre le régime lui-même.
Échos censitaires au système concordataire : les combats en faveur du « clergé secondaire » dans les années 1840
Authors: Hême de Lacotte Rémy
Published: July 2020

La campagne d’opinion livrée en France en faveur des desservants des paroisses dans les années 1840 n’est pas sans faire écho aux combats menés, au même moment, afin d’élargir le corps électoral. Soutenus en particulier par la gauche, les ecclésiastiques animateurs du mouvement sont eux-mêmes sensibles aux idées de réforme politique et sociale. Sur fond de tensions renaissantes entre l’Église et l’État, l’épisode est révélateur d’une certaine crise d’identité du clergé concordataire, entre soumission aux autorités religieuses et politiques et affirmation de son rôle dans la société.
Un doctrinaire « homme du peuple » ? Eugène Janvier, sous-préfet de Dinan en 1847-1848
Authors: Karila-Cohen Pierre
Published: July 2020

Peut-on être à la fois un jeune homme riche, nommé sous-préfet de Dinan à 22 ans grâce aux relations de son père et un « homme du peuple » adoré par une population d’ouvriers ? Le cas d’Eugène Janvier, en 1847-1848, semble le prouver puisqu’une pétition rassemblant la signature de 10 % des habitants de cette ville réclame et obtient le maintien de ce fonctionnaire de la monarchie de Juillet sous la seconde République. Cet article cherche à comprendre les raisons de cette popularité paradoxale, entre idéologie, clientélisme et réelle proximité.
« …des passions aveugles ou ennemies » : l’entêtement fatal de la majorité Guizot (février 1848)
Authors: Chai Vincent
Published: July 2020

On oublie souvent que la chute de Louis-Philippe présente une origine identique avec celle de Charles X. Une phrase insérée dans le discours du trône à l’attention des Chambres a, dans les deux cas, mis le feu aux poudres. En 1848, la majorité Guizot oppose un refus catégorique à toute tentative de conciliation venant de ses rangs même, pour atténuer une expression jugée offensante par l’opposition. Le drame parlementaire qui se joue au palais Bourbon trouve son épilogue sur les barricades parisiennes.
Les débats sur la laïcisation du panthéon au début de la monarchie de Juillet (1830-1840)
Authors: Nicolle Sylvain
Published: July 2020

La Révolution de 1830 aboutit rapidement à replacer le Panthéon sous le régime de la loi du 4-10 avril 1791. Toutefois, le choix initial de la monarchie de Juillet de rendre le monument au culte des grands hommes n’apparaît plus comme une évidence lorsque « la Résistance » s’impose face au « Mouvement » dès 1831. Les longs débats sur la laïcisation du Panthéon révèlent ainsi l’impossibilité d’établir un consensus pour ancrer le monument comme un véritable lieu de mémoire du nouveau régime.
Le salaire minimum européen frappe à la porte
Authors: Müller Torsten , Schulten Thorsten , Husson Michel
Published: July 2020

Le 14 janvier 2020, la Commission européenne a lancé une initiative visant à mettre en place des salaires minima décents en Europe. Prenant appui sur un examen du concept de «  living wage  », cet article analyse la manière dont les récentes initiatives nationales d’augmentations substantielles du salaire minimum dans plusieurs États membres de l’Union européenne et celle de la Commission pour mettre en place une politique de salaire minimum européen pourraient se renforcer mutuellement et déboucher, au final, sur des salaires minima décents en Europe, garantissant aux travailleurs un niveau de vie décent. Compte tenu des différences substantielles de régimes de salaire minimum et de traditions en matière de protection sociale entre les États, cet article adopte une approche pragmatique, et établit le seuil de pauvreté laborieuse à 60 % du revenu médian national pour une personne travaillant à temps plein, ce seuil permettant de définir des salaires minima décents en Europe.
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion After Prolonged Vomiting and Repeated Valsalva Maneuvers Associated With Gastroenteritis and Dehydration
Authors: Weiss Kathleen D. , Kuriyan Ajay E. , Flynn Harry W.
Published: July 2020

A 44-year-old man presented with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in his right eye after prolonged vomiting and repeated Valsalva maneuvers associated with gastroenteritis and dehydration. He had no other pertinent medical history, and a subsequent systemic and hematologic evaluation was within normal limits. At initial diagnosis, his visual acuity was 20/70 due to diffuse cystoid macular edema (CME) and nonischemic CRVO. After six monthly intravitreal bevacizumab injections, his vision improved to 20/20 and the CME greatly improved. An episode of prolonged vomiting and repeated Valsalva maneuvers may be a potential risk factor for CRVO in younger patients.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2014;45:e23–e25.]
Social Media and Protest Participation: Evidence From Russia
Authors: Enikolopov Ruben , Makarin Alexey , Petrova Maria
Published: July 2020

Do new communication technologies, such as social media, alleviate the collective action problem? This paper provides evidence that penetration of VK, the dominant Russian online social network, led to more protest activity during a wave of protests in Russia in 2011. As a source of exogenous variation in network penetration, we use the information on the city of origin of the students who studied with the founder of VK, controlling for the city of origin of the students who studied at the same university several years earlier or later. We find that a 10% increase in VK penetration increased the probability of a protest by 4.6% and the number of protesters by 19%. Additional results suggest that social media induced protest activity by reducing the costs of coordination rather than by spreading information critical of the government. We observe that VK penetration increased pro‐governmental support, with no evidence of increased polarization. We also find that cities with higher fractionalization of network users between VK and Facebook experienced fewer protests, and the effect of VK on protests exhibits threshold behavior.
Cheap Talk With Transparent Motives
Authors: Lipnowski Elliot , Ravid Doron
Published: July 2020

We study a model of cheap talk with one substantive assumption: The sender's preferences are state independent. Our main observation is that such a sender gains credibility by degrading self‐serving information. Using this observation, we examine the sender's benefits from communication, assess the value of commitment, and explicitly solve for sender‐optimal equilibria in three examples. A key result is a geometric characterization of the value of cheap talk, described by the
quasiconcave envelope of the sender's value function.
Estimating the Effect of Treatments Allocated by Randomized Waiting Lists
Authors: Chaisemartin Clément , Behaghel Luc
Published: July 2020

Oversubscribed treatments are often allocated using randomized waiting lists. Applicants are ranked randomly, and treatment offers are made following that ranking until all seats are filled. To estimate causal effects, researchers often compare applicants getting and not getting an offer. We show that those two groups are not statistically comparable. Therefore, the estimator arising from that comparison is inconsistent when the number of waitlists goes to infinity. We propose a new estimator, and show that it is consistent, provided the waitlists have at least two seats. Finally, we revisit an application, and we show that using our estimator can lead to a statistically significant difference with respect to the results obtained using the commonly used estimator.
State Capacity, Reciprocity, and the Social Contract
Authors: Besley Timothy
Published: July 2020

This paper explores the role of civic culture in expanding fiscal capacity by developing a model based on reciprocal obligations: citizens pay their taxes and the state provides public goods. Civic culture evolves over time according to the relative payoff of civic‐minded and materialist citizens. A strong civic culture manifests itself as high tax revenues sustained by high levels of voluntary tax compliance and provision of public goods. This captures the idea of government as a reciprocal social contract between the state and its citizens. The paper highlights the role of political institutions and common interests in the emergence of civic culture.
Realized Semicovariances
Authors: Bollerslev Tim , Li Jia , Patton Andrew J. , Quaedvlieg Rogier
Published: July 2020

We propose a decomposition of the realized covariance matrix into components based on the signs of the underlying high‐frequency returns, and we derive the asymptotic properties of the resulting
realized semicovariance measures as the sampling interval goes to zero. The first‐order asymptotic results highlight how the same‐sign and mixed‐sign components load differently on economic information related to stochastic correlation and jumps. The second‐order asymptotic results reveal the structure underlying the same‐sign semicovariances, as manifested in the form of co‐drifting and dynamic “leverage” effects. In line with this anatomy, we use data on a large cross‐section of individual stocks to empirically document distinct dynamic dependencies in the different realized semicovariance components. We show that the accuracy of portfolio return variance forecasts may be significantly improved by exploiting the information in realized semicovariances.
Diverging Tests of Equal Predictive Ability
Authors: McCracken Michael W.
Published: July 2020

We investigate claims made in Giacomini and White (2006) and Diebold (2015) regarding the asymptotic normality of a test of equal predictive ability. A counterexample is provided in which, instead, the test statistic diverges with probability 1 under the null.
Biochemical composition and antioxidant potential of the edible Mediterranean sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa
Authors: Zmemlia N. , Bejaoui S. , Khemiri I. , Bouriga N. , Louiz I. , El-Bok S. , Ben-Attia M. , Souli A.
Published: July 2020

The sea cucumber or holothurian is a marine species which has been prized in some Asian coun­tries for its nutritional qualities. The purpose of this work was to study the biochemical composition and free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of Holothuria tubulosa tegument from the Bizerta lagoon in north­ern Tunisia. The obtained data demonstrated that the extract of sea cucumber teguments exhibited high bio­chemical levels (such as moisture 80.77%, protein 7.07%, lipids 10.21%, energy value 13.64 Kcal/g ww), and an important nutritional value (including n-3/n-6: 2.11, EPA+DHA: 20.96, AI: 1.38 and TI: 0.54). High anti­oxidant activities were recorded in the integument by the radical scavenging tests of ABTS and DPPH as well as by the total antioxidant capacity and the FRAP in comparison with the BHT standard. Our results showed that H. Tubulosa tegument has high nutritional value with high antioxidant activities and could be considered a nutraceutical product.
Be Right Back : Humans, Artificial Intelligence and Dasein in Black Mirror
Authors: Lacerda Ingrid , Mattos Thamires Ribeiro de
Published: July 2020

The present article aims to analyze the relationship between the human being and artificial intelligence through the episode Be Right Back of the dystopic television show Black Mirror, currently exhibited by Netflix. For this discussion we will bring forth the contrasts between the thoughts of Martin Heidegger about Dasein and human nature, and studies derived from the perspectives of Alan Turing about artificial intelligence and humanity, besides the visions of post-humanism and transhumanism, as well as their implications in the relationships between human beings. It is also an objective to discuss the presence of otherness in an artificial intelligence. Hence, it is asked in this article how it is possible to understand the otherness found between Martha, the protagonist of the episode, and an Artificial Intelligence which is created with the function of substituting her dead fiancé, Ash. For this study we will part from assumptions on the question of technique found in Heidegger’s conception of Dasein and Being, opposed to the technique worldview as a way of being that rules post-modern thought.
Les dispositifs ULIS au collège : quelles articulations entre la classe et le regroupement spécialisé ?
Authors: Dupré Frédéric
Published: July 2020

Notre objet d’étude concerne les dispositifs ULIS (unités localisées pour l’inclusion scolaire) au sein du collège français. Ceux-ci permettent à des élèves reconnus institutionnellement handicapés d’avoir une scolarité dans une classe ordinaire tout en bénéficiant d’un dispositif de soutien. L’organisation de ces dispositifs place les élèves au cœur de deux systèmes didactiques : celui de la classe ordinaire et celui du regroupement spécialisé. À travers deux études de cas, nous étudions les articulations entre le système didactique principal (classe de mathématiques) et le système didactique auxiliaire (regroupement spécialisé) afin de mettre en évidence des actions qui permettent de synchroniser les cadres temporels produits par ces deux systèmes didactiques.
Pouvoir éducatif et frontières du moi
Authors: Dubreucq Éric
Published: July 2020

Il y a des frontières extérieures, entre les pays, mais aussi celles, intérieures, qui circonscrivent et constituent l’éducation du moi. Une généalogie des espaces du moi montrera que celui-ci oscille entre trois types de prescriptions éducatives : tantôt il convient de l’inscrire dans des « cercles » sociaux hiérarchisés (Émile Durkheim), tantôt il s’agit de l’extraire de la « vallée » où l’enferme son égocentration (Jean Piaget), tantôt on doit le placer dans un « milieu » pour le socialiser (Roger Cousinet). Les frontières intérieures du moi se délimitent au croisement de trois stratégies éducatives d’intégration, de libération et de socialisation.
Attacks, Vulnerabilities, and Their Countermeasures in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kathrine G. Jaspher Willsie , Joseph C. Willson
Published: July 2020

Wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises sensor nodes that have the capability to sense and compute. Due to their availability and minimal cost compared to traditional networks, WSN is used broadly. The need for sensor networks increases quickly as they are more likely to experience security attacks. There are many attacks and vulnerabilities in WSN. The sensor nodes have issues like limited resources of memory and power and undependable communication medium, which is further complicated in unattended environments, secure communication, and data transmission issues. Due to the complexity in establishing and maintaining the wireless sensor networks, the traditional security solutions if implemented will prove to be inefficient for the dynamic nature of the wireless sensor networks. Since recent times, the advance of smart cities and everything smart, wireless sensor nodes have become an integral part of the internet of things and their related paradigms. This chapter discusses the known attacks, vulnerabilities, and countermeasures existing in wireless sensor networks.
Applicability of WSN and Biometric Models in the Field of Healthcare
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Kaushik Ila , Bhushan Bharat , Gautam Siddharth , Khamparia Aditya
Published: July 2020

Health is considered as the most important ingredient in human life. Health is wealth is the most frequent used proverb. A healthy person can perform its entire task with full enthusiasm and great energy and can solve all problems as mind is a powerful weapon, which controls all our functioning. But now due to change in our lifestyles, we are becoming prone to all kinds of health hazards. Due to unhealthy mind, we are not able to perform any tasks. Humans are becoming victims of many diseases and one of the most common reason for our degradation in health is stress. In this chapter, the authors present role of WSN and biometric models such as two factor remote authentication, verifying fingerprint operations for enhancing security, privacy preserving in healthcare, healthcare data by cloud technology with biometric application, and validation built hybrid trust computing perspective for confirmation of contributor profiles in online healthcare data. A comparison table is formulated listing all the advantages and disadvantages of various biometric-based models used in healthcare.
Analysis of the Effect of Nanosilicates on the Strength and Porosity of Cement Stone
Authors: Zimina Daria A. , Zhapkhandaev Chingis A. , Petrov Artem A.
Published: July 2020

The paper deals with well cementing, which is a complex engineering task requiring special tools and technologies. The authors give an example of complications that arise due to the poor quality of well cementing. The aim of the work is to study the mineral ultrafine additive-nanosilicates, which increase the strength of cement stone and reduce its porosity. Nanosilicate is formed during the cleaning of ore-thermal furnaces in metallurgical plants. One of such technologies is application of metallurgical waste, since it can improve the environment by cleaning the sludge fields from waste and reduce the cost of cement slurry by reducing the amount of cement in the composition. The study provides practical data showing that nanosilicates positively affect the strength of cement stone, reducing its porosity.
Application of New Materials for Red Mud Immobilization
Authors: Piirainen V.Yu. , Boeva A.A. , Nikitina T.Yu.
Published: July 2020

The article analyses the application of a composite material based on magnesite cement and red mud for the production of high-resistant materials and structures. Technical characteristics are given proving that this composite has several advantages comparing with other materials and opens up new opportunities for the disposal of toxic wastes and developing new materials with unique characteristics. The advantage of this direction is that the composite material created on the basis of “red mud” has increased strength and water resistance; also, it has the structure of a homogeneous monolithic stone. A wide range of applications of neutralized waste is an undeniable positive factor.
Structure-Properties Correlation of Lead Selenide-Lead Selenite Composite
Authors: Tomaev Vladimir V. , Syrkov Andrey G.
Published: July 2020

The main areas of work are related to the synthesis of a two-phase composite (1-x)PbSe·xPbSeO3 in the form of a powder, faceted single crystal, film and compacted material with the possibility of changing the fraction (x) of the PbSeO3 phase from 0 to 1 by oxidation of PbSe in a dry atmosphere in the temperature range 20-550 °С and the study of its physicochemical properties. All initial samples are obtained by the original method from Pb1-ySey powder, in which the composition corresponds to the maximum melting temperature of the compound and is defined as ysmax=0.500025±0.000025 at. Se. The powder is crushed, after which homogenizing annealing is performed at a constant temperature (~750 °C) in a dynamic vacuum in order to achieve the minimum general pressure condition. The noted precursor-related technological procedures are necessary to achieve congruent evaporation conditions in all types of samples and help minimize the concentration of inherent defects and inclusions in phase two. Depending on application, it is possible to form crystalline powders with a given ratio of volumetric phases PbSe and PbSeO3 in a separate grain. For all cases, the "shell" for semiconductor particles PbSe is the dielectric phase PbSeO3. The principal possibility of forming the smallest (up to nanometer) grains of lead selenide in the dielectric matrix of lead selenite is shown. According to the proposed method, the synthesis of lead selenite by oxidation of lead selenide is possible.
Refractory gram-negative septic shock complicated by extended purpura fulminans and multiple organ failure in a 23-year-old puerpera -a case report-
Authors: Viderman Dmitriy , Umbetzhanov Yerlan , Temirov Talgat , Kuzkov Vsevolod V
Published: July 2020

Background: Pregnancy-related infections are the third most common cause of maternal death worldwideThe aim of this report is to present a case of pregnancy-related infection, which progressed into refractory septic shock accompanied by purpura fulminans and multiple organ failure.Case: A 23-year-old woman in the postpartum period developed fulminant, refractory septic shock complicated by purpura fulminans and multiple organ failure syndrome (acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, and encephalopathy). Management included antibacterial therapy, fluid and transfusion therapy, nutritional support, protective mechanical ventilation, hydrocortisone, a large dose of ascorbic acid, and thiamine. There were no neurological consequences and all organ functions returned to normal, although the predicted hospital mortality based on the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was more than 90%. Conclusions: Septic shock is a significant, yet not completely understood life-threatening condition, which can be associated with purpura fulminans, multiple organ dysfunction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and massive tissue necrosis.
Adrenal Vein Sampling: Radiation Dose Reduction on New Angiography Platform
Authors: Alsafi Ali , Wernig Florian , Todd Jeannie , Tan Tricia , Palazzo F. Fausto , Meeran Karim , Jackson James E.
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Primary aldosteronism is one of the most common causes of secondary hypertension. Distinguishing unilateral from bilateral disease is essential as those with unilateral adrenal disease will benefit from adrenalectomy. This is best achieved by adrenal vein sampling (AVS) which may be a difficult procedure with significant radiation to both patient and operator. This study aims to measure the radiation dose during AVS before and after the installation of a new angiography platform. Materials and Methods: The dose area product (DAP), air kerma, and fluoroscopy time were collected retrospectively together with demographic data for the first ten patients who underwent AVS between April and September 2018 following the installation of the Philips Azurion 7 M20 interventional platform. These results were compared with those from ten patients who underwent AVS before the installation of the new machine using the Philips Allura Xper FD20 platform. Mann–Whitney test was used to compare DAP, air kerma, and fluoroscopy time. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Successful bilateral adrenal vein catheterization was achieved in all cases in both groups. There was no significant difference in fluoroscopy time: 5.5 (3.3–10.8) min (new) versus 5.3 (4.5–8.4) min (old) (P = 0.9502). The DAP and air kerma were both significantly lower on the new machine: 11.3 (5.2–26.7) Gy.cm2 versus 45.5 (17.2–56.5) Gy.cm2 (P = 0.0089) and 201.5 (88.1–464.0) mGy versus 682.5 (300.5–998.5) mGy (P = 0.0115), respectively. Conclusion: The installation of the Philips Azurion 7 M20 interventional platform has allowed a significant reduction in radiation dose during AVS.
Trends & treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Delhi, India (2009-2014)
Authors: Sharma Nandini , Khanna Ashwani , Chandra Shivani , Basu Saurav , Chopra Kamal K. , Singla Neeta , Babbar Neeti , Kohli Charu
Published: July 2020

Background & objectives:

The increase in the burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a matter of grave concern. The present study was undertaken to describe MDR-TB treatment outcome trends in Delhi and their epidemiological correlates, to assess the adequacy of treatment records and to also generate evidence towards influencing and improving practices related to the MDR-TB control programme.

Methods:

A retrospective record-based study (2009-2014) was conducted in three major drug resistance TB treatment centres of Delhi. Treatment outcomes and adverse effects were extracted from the existing programme records including patients’ treatment cards and laboratory registers.

Results:

A total of 2958 MDR-TB patients were identified from the treatment cards, of whom 1749 (59.12%) were males. The mean (±standard deviation) age was 30.56±13.5 years. Favourable treatment outcomes were reported in 1371 (53.28%) patients, but they showed a declining trend during the period of observation. On binomial logistic regression analysis, patients with age ≥35 yr, male sex and undernourishment (body mass index <18.5) at the time of treatment initiation had a significantly increased likelihood of unfavourable MDR-TB treatment outcome (P<0.001).

Interpretation & conclusions:

The study showed an increasing burden of MDR-TB patients, especially in the young population with increased risk of transmission posing a major challenge in achieving TB elimination targets.
Proactive preparedness for Cat Que virus
Authors: Shete Anita , Yadav Pragya D. , Gokhale Mangesh , Jain Rajlaxmi , Pardeshi Prachi , Majumdar Triparna , Mourya Devendra T.
Published: July 2020

Background & objectives:

The presence of Cat Que virus (CQV) in Culex mosquitoes and pigs has been reported in China and Vietnam. Due to the spread of similar species of the Culex mosquitoes in India, there is a need to understand the replication kinetics of this virus in mosquito models. As a part of preparedness and to identify the presence of this CQV in humans and swine, this study was carried out to develop diagnostic tests.

Methods:

Serological and molecular diagnostic assays were developed for testing the mosquito population, human and swine serum samples. In this line, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L), glycoprotein (M) and nucleocapsid (S) genes-based reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were developed for CQV. Real-time RT-PCR was used for screening of retrospectively collected human serum samples (n=1020) with acute febrile illness during 2014-2017. Simultaneously, an in-house anti-CQV swine and human IgG ELISAs were also developed to detect anti-CQV IgG antibody. Human serum samples (n=883) with post-onset of disease (POD) >4 days and swine serum samples (n=459) were tested for the presence of anti-CQV IgG antibodies. CQV NIV 612,045 isolate was used for susceptibility and replication kinetics experiment using three different species of mosquitoes to understand its behaviour in Indian mosquitoes.

Results:

All human serum samples (n=1020) screened for the presence of CQV using real-time RT-PCR were found to be negative. Anti-CQV IgG antibody positivity was recorded in two of 883 human serum samples tested. Virus susceptibility experiments indicated that three species of mosquito, namely Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus supported multiplication of CQV by intrathoracic as well as artificial membrane/oral feeding routes.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Anti-CQV IgG antibody positivity in human serum samples tested and the replication capability of CQV in mosquitoes indicated a possible disease causing potential of CQV in Indian scenario. Screening of more human and swine serum samples using these assays is required as a proactive measure for understanding the prevalence of this neglected tropical virus.
Distribution of carbapenemase genes in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii & a comparison of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry-based detection of carbapenemase production with other phenotypic methods
Authors: Sharma Megha , Singhal Lipika , Gautam Vikas , Ray Pallab
Published: July 2020

Background & objectives:

Carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) poses a continuous threat to the current antimicrobial era with its alarming spread in critical care settings. The present study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic potential of phenotypic methods for carbapenemase [carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs) and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs)] production, by comparing with molecular detection of genes.

Methods:

One hundred and fifty clinical CRAB isolates collected between August 2013 and January 2014 were studied. Multiplex PCR was performed to identify the carbapenemases produced (class D bla
OXA-51, bla
OXA-23, bla
OXA-48,
bla
OXA-58; class B bla
VIM, bla
NDM-1, bla
IMP; class A bla
KPC). Each isolate was evaluated for carbapenemase production by studying the pattern of imipenem hydrolysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

Results:

The most commonly encountered carbapenemase genes were bla
OXA-51 (100%), bla
OXA-23 (98%), bla
VIM (49.3%), bla
NDM-1 (18.7%) and bla
OXA-58 (2%). MALDI-TOF MS was able to detect 30.6 per cent carbapenemases within three hours (P=0.001 for MBL and P>0.05 for CHDL) and 65.3 per cent within six hours (P=0.001 for MBL and P>0.05 for CHDL).

Interpretation & conclusions:

MALDI-TOF MS reliably detected carbapenemase activity within a short span of time, thus helping in tailoring patient therapy. MALDI-TOF MS, once optimized, can prove to be a useful tool for timely detection of carbapenemase production by A. baumannii and consequently in directing appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
A survey of clinical practices among oncologists regarding hepatitis B screening in patients with cancer
Authors: Sundaram Sridhar , Patil Prachi , Sengar Manju , Rathod Raosaheb , Mehta Shaesta
Published: July 2020

Background & objectives:

Screening for hepatitis B prior to the initiation of chemotherapy in patients with cancer is recommended by all major hepatology and oncology societies. This study was aimed to determine the screening practices for hepatitis B among oncologists from India and their experience with hepatitis B reactivation.

Methods:

A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among oncologists attending the Evidence-Based Medicine Conference at Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India. The questionnaire was developed in keeping with the recent guidelines for hepatitis B reactivation on chemotherapy, with questions regarding demographics, years in practice and hepatitis B screening practices and management. There was 78 per cent response rate to the questionnaire.

Results:

Most respondents were <35 yr of age (69%), with <five years of experience (39%), practicing in an academic institution (81%). Seventy four per cent respondents always screened their patients with cancer for hepatitis prior to chemotherapy, whereas 19 per cent in special settings and seven per cent never screened; 96 per cent respondents used hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as a screening test, while 17 per cent also used antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. Sixty one per cent respondents used entecavir or tenofovir for prophylaxis; 70 per cent continued prophylaxis till 6-12 months after completion of chemotherapy, while 21 per cent continued only till the end of chemotherapy.

Interpretation & conclusions:

More than 25 per cent of the oncologists were not screening their patients with cancer for viral hepatitis prior to cancer-directed therapy, and only 17 per cent of the oncologists used the recommended tests for screening. Better training of oncologists regarding viral hepatitis screening and management is needed.
Role of LRRK2 variant p.Gly2019Ser in patients with Parkinsonism
Authors: Sadhukhan Dipanwita , Biswas Arindam , Bhaduri Arunima , Sarkar Neelanjana , Biswas Atanu , Das Shyamal K. , Banerjee Tapas K. , Ray Kunal , Ray Jharna
Published: July 2020

Background & objectives:

Parkinsonian disorder, including Parkinson's disease (PD), is an aetiologically complex neurodegenerative disorder. Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been implicated in an autosomal dominant form of PD with variable penetrance. The identification of a common LRRK2 variant (p.Gly2019Ser) in dementia with Lewy bodies indicated its potential role in Parkinsonian disorder. The current study was aimed to identify the p.Gly2019Ser variant in Indian patients with Parkinsonian disorder.

Methods:

The patient group consisting of 412 classical PD patients, 107 PD patients with cognitive impairment, 107 patients with Parkinson plus syndrome and 200 unrelated controls were recruited from eastern part of India. The allele representing p.Gly2019Ser variant was screened by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

Results:

The p.Gly2019Ser variant was identified in an East Indian young-onset female PD patient in a heterozygous state having several motor and autonomic problems without disturbed cognition. Her younger brother, sister and elder son harbouring the same mutation were asymptomatic carriers for the variant. However, the influence of DNM3 on decreased disease onset in this family was not clear.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Identification of the p.Gly2019Ser variant in only one patient among a large number of Indian patients (n=626) with Parkinsonian disorder in our study suggests a limited role of the LRRK2 variant towards disease pathogenesis.
Comparison of efficacy of potassium titanyl phosphate laser & diode laser in the management of inferior turbinate hypertrophy
Authors: Ravichandran Subhashini Puducherry , Ramasamy Karthikeyan , Parida Pradipta Kumar , Alexander Arun , Ganesan Sivaraman , Saxena Sunil Kumar
Published: July 2020

Background & objectives:

Inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) is a common condition causing nasal obstruction. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser and diode laser in the reduction of the turbinate size.

Methods:

This randomized controlled trial included 209 patients with ITH. Pre-operative symptoms were assessed based on the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy was done to rule out other nasal sinuses. Nasal mucociliary clearance was measured by saccharin transit time (STT). Postoperatively, the NOSE score, STT and complications were assessed at days one and two, at one week, one month and three months.

Results:

Of the 209 patients analyzed at day one, the median NOSE score was 50 in the diode group and 40 in the KTP group, and at three months, 15 in the diode group and five in the KTP group. KTP laser showed a 93 per cent improvement in the NOSE score as compared to 77 per cent improvement shown by diode laser group. Among the intra-operative complications, of the 104 patients in the diode group, 6.73 per cent had burning sensation and 91.43 per cent had bleeding, and of 105 patients in the KTP group, 54.29 per cent had burning sensation and 36.54 per cent had bleeding. Among the post-operative complications in the KTP group, 32 and 34 per cent had bloody nasal discharge on days one and two, compared to 12 and 14 per cent in diode group. Crusting was present in 61 and 49 per cent on days one and two in KTP group as compared to 9 and 15 per cent in diode group, respectively. In the KTP group 30 per cent had synechiae as compared to 10 per cent in diode group.

Interpretation & conclusions:

KTP laser was more efficacious than diode laser in improving the NOSE scores but with slightly increased rate of complications in early post-operative period. Both the lasers impaired the mucociliary clearance mechanism of the nose till three months of post-operative follow up.
The nodal cubic and quantum groups at roots of unity
Authors: Krähmer Ulrich , Martins Manuel
Published: July 2020

In a recent article, the coordinate ring of the nodal cubic was given the structure of a quantum homogeneous space. Here the corresponding coalgebra Galois extension is expressed in terms of quantum groups at roots of unity, and is shown to be cleft. Furthermore, the minimal quotient extensions are determined.
Embedding of the derived Brauer group into the secondary $K$-theory ring
Authors: Tabuada Gonçalo
Published: July 2020

In this note, making use of the recent theory of noncommutative motives, we prove that the canonical map from the derived Brauer group to the secondary Grothendieck ring has the following injectivity properties: in the case of a regular integral quasi-compact quasi-separated scheme, it is injective; in the case of an integral normal Noetherian scheme with a single isolated singularity, it distinguishes any two derived Brauer classes whose difference is of infinite order. As an application, we show that the aforementioned canonical map is injective in the case of affine cones over smooth projective plane curves of degree

\geq 4

as well as in the case of Mumford’s (famous) singular surface.
Tilt in Online Poker: Development of a short version of the Online Poker Tilt Scale
Authors: Moreau Axelle , Chauchard Emeline , Hamel Alexandre , Penthier Lou , Giroux Isabelle , Sévigny Serge
Published: July 2020

Tilt in poker is a phenomenon characterized by a loss of control. Tilt could be a risk factor for the development of problematic gambling in poker. To monitor the frequency of tilt episodes during online poker sessions, the Online Poker Tilt Scale (OPTS) was created within the French population. The aim of this study was to develop a short version of this scale, one that was faster to complete, and therefore more appropriate for the online poker player population, which was characterized by an impulsive personality and low survey participation rate. The short version is composed of nine items split into two factors (cognitive regulation and emotional regulation). The OPTS-9 version displayed good psychometric qualities and its scores were strongly correlated with those of the original version. Moreover, this shorter version allows rebalancing of the scale’s factorial structure, which facilitates interpretation of the results. This revised scale will measure the relative frequency of tilt episodes and allow to appropriately study the links between problem gambling and tilt episodes. This shortened 9-item version could be included in future experimental studies, as well as in prevention and treatment programs.RésuméL’inclinaison (tilt) au jeu de poker est un phénomène caractérisé par une perte de contrôle. Elle pourrait être un facteur de risque pour le développement d’un jeu pathologique au poker. Pour suivre la fréquence des épisodes d’inclinaison pendant les séances de poker en ligne, l’échelle Online Poker Tilt Scale (OPTS) a été créée au sein de la population française. Le but de cette étude était de développer une version courte de cette échelle, plus rapide à remplir, donc plus appropriée pour la population de joueurs de poker en ligne qui se caractérise par une personnalité impulsive et un faible taux de participation à des sondages. La version courte est composée de neuf éléments répartis en deux facteurs (régulation cognitive et régulation émotionnelle). La version OPTS-9 présente de bonnes qualités psychométriques et ses pointages sont fortement corrélés avec les pointages de la version originale. De plus, cette version courte permet de rééquilibrer la structure factorielle de l’échelle, ce qui facilite l’interprétation des résultats. Cette échelle révisée mesurera la fréquence relative des épisodes d’inclinaison et permettra d’étudier de façon adéquate les liens entre le jeu pathologique et les épisodes d’inclinaison. Cette version raccourcie à neuf éléments pourrait être incluse dans les futures études expérimentales, ainsi que dans les programmes de prévention et de traitement.