bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithm of designing complex shape construction using automation tools (by example of Autodesk Revit, Autodesk AutoCAD and Dynamo)
Authors: Pertceva Anastasiia , Khizhnyak Nikita , Radaev Anton
Published: April 2019

The process of «flat» design fell into the background, giving way to new technologies and opportunities. Today, it is impossible to imagine a high-level designing without using technologies such as BIM (Building Information Modeling). The principles of information modeling allow you to increase the speed of the project work and not affect the quality of project. Modern software allows not only to build a 3Dl model, but also fill it with all sorts of information about all elements of the project. A very important issue to be considered in the publication is why BIM technologies are needed for modern Russian design companies. The authors conducted a review and analysis of software tools in the field of building design, providing the possibility of automating the creation of individual elements. Also the article describes a general algorithm for creating elements of complex structures using automation tools as part of software environments for building design. The algorithm is described on the example of designing a pedestrian bridge with an arched construction of the transition. Autodesk Revit PC and special add-on Dynamo are used for work. This algorithm saves design time, and therefore saves and financial costs. The design process is becoming fast and convenient.
Bituminous suspension of solid emulsifier
Authors: Kochetkov Andrey
Published: April 2019

The technical result achieved as a result of solving the problem is to increase the degree of dispersion and homogeneity of the bitumen composition while maintaining the viscous aggregate state of the bitumen in the bitumen composition during its storage and transportation. The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the bitumen composition in the form of a suspension comprising a dispersed aqueous medium and a dispersed solid phase distributed therein, the dispersed solid phase consists of mineral powder particles and particles from bitumen droplets in a viscous aggregate state stabilized by a shell of mineral powder particles coated with a structured (oriented) layer of water, at the following ratio of the suspension components, %: particles from bitumen droplets in a viscous aggregate state, coated with mineral powder particles – 30-45 %; mineral powder particles 30-50 %; technical water-15-30 %. As a substance of mineral powder used, for example, carbonate rock or phosphogypsum dihydrate in the molecular state (from the reactor nezabitovskiy). As a solid dispersion phase, hydrophilic mineral powder is used, technogenic by-products of industrial production (crushed basic metallurgical slags, fly ash, dust-entrainment of cement plants, etc.) can be used as mineral powders.
The possibility of increasing the intensity of use of transport infrastructure, which are monuments of history and architecture, in the field of regional tourism
Authors: Loktev Daniil , Lokteva Olga , Fedorova Snezhana , Loktev Alexey
Published: April 2019

In the present paper the problems of development of regional tourism and cultural and educational activities with the help of program-target approach are considered. For the development of cultural and educational, event, environmental, business, cruise types of tourism it is proposed to use the objects and buildings of transport infrastructure, built more than a hundred years ago and are historical and architectural monuments of regional or local level, such objects include railway stations and station buildings, which, on the one hand, are subject to conservation, and on the other often need repair and restoration work. An important aspect in planning the further stages of the life cycle of this complex of objects is to clarify the possibility of their use in the changed conditions for the modern needs of citizens. One of the regions of the Central Federal district – the Voronezh region-is used as the object of research. Taking into account the growth of the flow of independent travelers in Russia, as well as the increase in people living in district centers and spending their leisure time outside the home, the paper proposes a model for the development of regional tourism, combining cultural and educational tourism with cruise tourism using rail transport. To calculate the areas that can be involved in additional activities in the development of cultural and educational leisure and regional tourism, take into account the requirements of standards that specify the parameters of passenger traffic and the area of premises to provide the basic functionality of the object. The proposed model does not require additional capital investments, and the profitability of the buildings will increase significantly, will attract the attention of guests and residents of the region to the history of the region and the railway.
Sex Differences in Tolerability to Anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Are We All Equal?
Authors: Duma Narjust , Abdel-Ghani Azzouqa , Yadav Siddhartha , Hoversten Katherine P. , Reed Clay T. , Sitek Andrea N. , Enninga Elizabeth Ann L. , Paludo Jonas , Aguilera Jesus Vera , Leventakos Konstantinos , Lou Yanyan , Kottschade Lisa A. , Dong Haidong , Mansfield Aaron S. , Manochakian Rami , Adjei Alex A. , Dronca Roxana S.
Published: April 2019

Background

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have emerged as a serious clinical issue in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Risk factors for irAEs remain controversial. Therefore, we studied sex differences in irAEs in patients treated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy.

Materials and Methods

All patients with metastatic melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with anti-PD-1 therapy at Mayo Clinic Rochester and Florida from 2015 to 2018 were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test was used for time-to-event analysis.

Results

In 245 patients with metastatic melanoma, premenopausal women were more likely to experience irAEs (all grades) compared with postmenopausal women and men (67% vs. 60% vs. 46%), primarily because of an increase in endocrinopathies (33% vs. 12% vs. 10%, respectively). In patients with NSCLC (231 patients), women (all ages) were also more likely to develop irAEs of all grades (48% vs. 31%). Women with NSCLC were more likely to develop pneumonitis (11% vs. 4%) and endocrinopathies (14% vs. 5%). No differences in grade ≥3 toxicities were seen across sexes in both cohorts, but women were more likely to receive systemic steroids for the treatment of irAEs compared with men. Better progression-free-survival was observed in women with NSCLC and irAEs (10 months vs. 3.3 months) compared with women without irAEs.

Conclusion

Women with metastatic melanoma and NSCLC are more likely to experience irAEs compared with men. We also observed differences between sexes in the frequency of certain irAEs. Larger studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms underlying these associations.

Implications for Practice

The results of this study suggest that women may be at a higher risk for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) compared with men when treated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 therapy. In addition, women were more likely to develop certain irAEs, including endocrinopathies and pneumonitis. Close follow-up of women undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors will allow clinicians to diagnose these treatment-related complications early, potentially reducing their associated morbidity and mortality. In addition, a possible association between irAEs and response to therapy was observed.
Türkçe Ders Kitaplarında Yer Alan Özetleme Etkinlikleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KARADAĞ Özay
Published: April 2019

Özetlemek, var olan bir
düşünceyi, izlenen bir içeriği, dinlenen veya okunan bir metni olduğundan daha
kısa ve özünü yansıtacak biçimde yazılı veya sözlü olarak anlatmaktır. Özetleme
becerisi karmaşık bilişsel süreçler içermektedir. Özetleme yapabilmek için bir
öğrencinin metinde önemli noktaların vurgulanış biçimlerini kavraması, önemli
bilgiyi önemsiz bilgiden ayırt edebilmesi, not alabilmesi, metnin konusunu
belirleyebilmesi, ana fikri ve yardımcı fikirleri bulabilmesi, metin türünü ve
yapısını çözümleyebilmesi gerekmektedir. Bir anlatı metnini veya bilgilendirici
bir metni özetleme sürecinde öğrencilerden sınıflama, sıralama, değerlendirme,
karar verme becerilerini kullanılmaları beklenir. Silme, genelleme ve yeniden
kurma olarak üç aşamalı olarak modellenen özetlemenin öğrenciler tarafından
kavranması ve uygulanması, uzun süreli ve tekrarlı bir eğitim süreci
gerektirir. Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programında (2018) özetleme kazanımları 5-8.
sınıf düzeylerinde dinleme ve okuma becerileri altında yer almaktadır.
Öğrenciler öğrenme sürecinde özetleme görevleri ile Türkçe ders kitaplarında
yer alan etkinliklerde karşılaşmaktadır. Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki
etkinliklerin özetlemenin bilişsel yükleri dikkate alınarak oluşturulması
gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında yürürlükte olan
ortaokul Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan özetleme etkinlikleri incelenmiştir.
Çalışmada ortaya çıkan en temel sonuç, Türkçe ders kitaplarının tamamında özetleme
etkinliklerinin büyük çoğunluğunun özetlemenin bilişsel süreçlerine uygun
olarak oluşturulmaması ve öğrencilerden doğrudan bir metnin özetinin
istenmesidir. Ayrıca özet görevlerinin büyük bir çoğunlukla yazılı olduğu ve
özet metinlerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik uygulamalara sadece bir kez yer
verildiği araştırmanın diğer bulgularıdır.
PEER GROUP JUDGING: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GROUP PIN-UP IN ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO
Authors: Megayanti Trias , Aryanti Tutin , Dewi NItih Indra Komala
Published: April 2019

The architecture design studio is a core course in architectural learning that trains students' abilities in the architectural design process. Unfortunately, students often fail to meet scheduled task targets, even though the time alloted is sufficient. This article examines the application of the group pin-up as a teaching method and its effectiveness in helping students meet deadlines for completing tasks in the Architecture Design III course, a studio attended by second year students. This study uses documents analysis (reviewing student design drawings to measure student achievement), and interviews (investigating changes in attitudes and perceptions of the students in pin-up group applications). We found that using the group pin-up strategy to impose an in-between deadline leads to improved discipline, better teamwork, and higher motivation due to competition in the group. This method is recommended in architectural design studios as a simulation practice for students before they move up and begin to work in the architecture profession.
Additional options for non-pharmacological treatment of epilepsy
Authors: Oleynikova O. M. , Sarapulova A. A. , Avakyan G. N.
Published: April 2019

Objective: to study the effect of blue polarizing glasses on photosensitivity in patients with photosensitive epilepsy (PSE). Materials and methods. On the backdrop of red light stimulation, EEG and daytime video EEG recordings were performed in 19 patients with epilepsy (15 women, 4 men) aged from 14 to 41 years. Among those, 8 patients had juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), 2 – eyelid myoclonus with absences, 6 – generalized epilepsy, 1 – juvenile absence epilepsy (JAA), and 2 patients had unspecified (cryptogenic) focal epilepsy. All patients underwent photo-stimulation (PS) with an increasing light frequency from 1 to 31 Hz (in 3 Hz steps). The PS procedure was carried out twice: without and with the use of blue polarizing glasses with a degree of darkness of 50%.Results. In 19 patients with PSE, we observed a photo-paroxysmal response at frequencies of 10, 13, 15, 16, 19, and 21 Hz. In the same individual, this photo-paroxysmal response could have manifested either in a burst of epileptic activity without clinical symptoms or in myoclonus / myoclonia with absences. In 8 (42.1%) patients, there was a decrease in epileptic activity upon photo-stimulation: a decrease in the duration of the acute peak-slow-wave activity or a zero epileptic activity at one frequency on the backdrop of a notable epileptic activity at other frequencies. In 3 (15.8%) patients, who were using the blue glasses, there were neither seizures nor epileptic activity at all. In one case (5.3%), there was no seizure but the PS-induced epileptiform activity did occur. The disappearance of subclinical epileptic activity was noted in 2 (10.5%) cases.Conclusion. Blue polarizing glasses can be used as an additional means of non-pharmacological therapy of PSE. The protective effect may be associated with a decrease in the melatonin content in the daytime.
O Caderno de Maya, de Isabel Allende: uma leitura por dois caminhos
Authors: Queiroz Jozefh Fernando Soares
Published: April 2019

Resumo: Este artigo tem como proposta apresentar duas trilhas de leitura analítica para a obra O Caderno de Maya (2011), da escritora chilena Isabel Allende. Se por um lado podemos ver o desenvolvimento da feminilidade da personagem por meio de sua inscrição na cultura local e pela conquista de um território feminino, por outro, podemos ver seu desenvolvimento interior, analisando a evolução de sua psique. Tais caminhos não se eliminam no decorrer da leitura e nos possibilitam ver a construção exterior e interior da personagem Maya. Neste entrelaçamento de teorias, dialogam os(as) teóricos(as) Simone de Beauvoir (2009), Hélène Cixous (2010), Luce Irigaray (1992), Jacques Lacan (1979) e Adrienne Rich (2017), entre outros(as).Palavras-chave: O Caderno de Maya; Isabel Allende; feminino; psique.Abstract: This article presents two possible ways of analyzing and reading Maya’s Notebook, by Chilean writer Isabel Allende (2011). On the one hand, we can see the development of the femininity of a character through her inscription in the local culture and the conquest of a female territory; on the other, we can see the character’s inner development, analyzing the evolution of her psyche. Such paths are not eliminated along the reading and enable us to see the external and internal of Maya’s character. In this interlink of theories, theorists such as Simone de Beauvoir (2009), Hélène Cixous (2010), Luce Irigaray (1992), Jacques Lacan (1979), and Adrienne Rich (2017), among others, dialogue. Keywords: Maya’s notebook; Isabel Allende; female; psyche.
Literaturas poscoloniais em línguas românicas: o porquê deste número temático
Authors: Vasile Iolanda
Published: April 2019

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O pensamento liminar como uma resposta à colonialidade do poder em La mano en la tierra, de Josefina Plá
Authors: Barzotto Leoné Astride
Published: April 2019

Resumo: Este artigo tem a intenção de fazer um estudo da literatura latino-americana pela perspectiva pós-colonial como representação de uma dada realidade, para demonstrar que o conceito de “Pensamento Liminar” (MIGNOLO, 2003) é uma resposta potencial do Hemisfério Sul às novas investidas de domínio percebidas pela descrição do conceito de “Colonialidade do Poder” (QUIJANO, 2005), advindas do Hemisfério Norte. Neste contexto, analisarei ambos os conceitos e as estratégias pós-coloniais pertinentes à esta análise, adentrando o conto La mano en la tierra (2002), da escritora Josefina Plá, a fim de averiguar o papel da mulher local, neste caso Ursula, uma indígena Guarani paraguaia, e sua relevância na narrativa e nas questões de gênero que implicam parcela deste estudo.Palavras-chave: pensamento liminar; colonialidade do poder; pós-colonialismo; literatura latino-americana; gênero.Abstract: This paper aims to develop a study on the Latin American Literature through the post-colonial perspective as a representation of a certain reality, to demonstrate that the concept of “Border Thinking” (MIGNOLO, 2003) is a potential answer from the South Hemisphere towards the new control quests which are perceived through the concept of “Coloniality of Power” (QUIJANO, 2005), from the North Hemisphere. Within this context, I will analyze both concepts and also the post-colonial strategies that connect to it, investing in the short story La mano en la tierra (2002), written by Josefina Plá, to investigate the role of the local woman, in this case Ursula, a Guarani indigenous lady from Paraguay, and her relevance in the narrative as well as in the gender debate which implies part of this study.Keywords: border thinking; coloniality of power; post colonialism; Latin American literature; gender.
Single embryo transfer and multifetal pregnancy reduction: perception and attitude of women seeking assisted reproduction in Nigeria
Authors: Aziken M. E. , A. Osaikhuwuomwan J. , I. Iribhogbe O.
Published: April 2019

Background: In-vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with increased multiple pregnancy and its attendant complications. This study evaluates the attitude and acceptance of single embryo transfer (SET) and multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) by clients assessing assisted reproduction in this region.Methods: A cross sectional survey of patients selected for IVF was conducted. Information on demography, knowledge of IVF procedure and their perception, attitude and acceptability of multiple pregnancy as well as their knowledge, attitude and perception to single embryo transfer and multifetal pregnancy reduction were extracted for statistical analysis.Results: Seventy-three women participated in the study. The mean age was 39 years and mean duration of infertility was 8.6 years. Only 3 (4.1%) respondents agreed to have SET as the overwhelming majority (70) 95.9% preferred 2 or more and they felt the more number of embryo transferred the better the chances of achieving pregnancy. Similarly most respondents, 38.4% (28) did not accept MFPR. Most respondents considered age (63%) and duration of infertility (78.1%) as major influencing factor for rejecting SET. Over 75% of respondents said they will still accept multiple embryos transferred despite knowledge of the possible complications.Conclusions: While most infertile women in our sub region appear to recognize the risks with multiple pregnancy, they are less interested in SET or MFPR because they perceive more embryos transferred as a means to maximize treatment outcome. Government funding, client education and a blastocyst transfer protocol may improve acceptability as well as overall preference for less number of embryos transferred in our environment.
Analysis of cesarean deliveries in a tertiary hospital as per Robson ten group classification system
Authors: Bhardwaj Bikram , Mansingh Sudhir , Rai Gunjan
Published: April 2019

Background: Cesarean section is the most commonly performed surgery in the department of gynecology. However, it has its own merits and demerits which affect the mother and the baby in the present as well as subsequent pregnancies. There is a rising trend of cesarean deliveries not only in India but worldwide. So, there is a dire need to audit these cesarean sections and make necessary recommendations accordingly to curb the rising incidence of cesarean deliveries in near future. Hence, the present study analysed the leading groups contributing to high cesarean rates at a tertiary hospital of Armed Forces using Robson ten group classification.Methods: This study was conducted in a Tertiary Hospital of Armed Forces at Chandigarh. All patients who delivered in this hospital between January 2016 to December 2018 were included in this study as per the Robson ten group classification.Results: number of patients who delivered during the time period January 2016 to December 2018 was 3136. Number of patients who delivered vaginally during the same period was 1865. Number of patients who delivered through cesarean section were 1271. Group 5 was the leading contributor to cesarean deliveries followed by groups 2 and 4 subsequently. However, there was significant contribution by group10 to the list.Conclusions: Groups 5, 2 and 4 are the leading contributors to cesarean sections at our institute. So, author need to introspect the labour room protocols and change our norms especially about fetal distress based on CTG monitoring and perform versions in mal-presentations if not contra-indicated to reduce cesarean section rates in near future. Even rising rates of cesarean section in elderly primis, patients conceived after infertility treatment and increasing trends of cesarean delivery on maternal request needs to be checked to reduce the rates of primary cesarean sections.
Role of pregnancy associated plasma protein-A and doppler velocimetry in the assessment of fetomaternal outcome in high risk pregnancy
Authors: Kaundal Asmita , Gupta Usha , Bhattcharjee Jayashree
Published: April 2019

Background: The study aimed at defining the role of Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and uterine artery doppler (Ut.A.PI) in the development of adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) in high risk pregnancies.Methods: This was an observational study where 100 singleton pregnancies at high risk of development of APO, between 11 to 13 + 6 weeks POG were enrolled. PAPP-A levels were measured at 11 to 13 + 6 weeks POG and uterine artery doppler PI was measured at 20 weeks. Women were followed till delivery. Pregnancy outcome were seen and a cut off at which APO developed was derived.Results: In this study women with lower mean PAPP-A (0.75±0.19 MOM versus 1.23±0.31MOM) (p<0.001) values and higher Ut.A.PI (1.43±0.35MOM versus 0.99±0.25MOM) (p<0.001) developed APO. Cut off value for PAPP-A and Ut.A.PI was determined and was found to be ≤11.65 µg/ml (≤0.79MoM) and   >1.42 (>1.19MoM) respectively which was higher than what is determined in other studies done on low risks populations thereby suggesting for an intervention or more meticulous observations at a higher cut offs.Conclusions: PAPP-A and uterine artery doppler are already being used for the screening of preeclampsia in most of the countries but not for other adverse pregnancy outcomes. PAPP-A levels along with the uterine artery PI in predicting APO in high risk women has high negative predictive value. Hence can be uses as a screening method in high risk population whether they should be used for low risk population also needs further evaluation.
Clinicomicrobiological study of the removed intrauterine device
Authors: Kanakannavar Suresh S. , S. Ashwini R.
Published: April 2019

Background: Intrauterine contraceptive devices are one of the most efficient, cost effective long acting reversible contraceptives. But the worrying clinical symptoms, misconceptions and higher rates of genital tract infection have become a hurdle in its acceptance as the first choice of contraception. The objective of this study was to study the common reasons for removal of IUCD.Methods: An observational study was done involving 430 women who reported to the OBG Outpatient of the hospitals attached to Bangalore Medical College, over a period of 2 years, for IUCD removal. Socio-demographic details, clinical symptoms compelling IUCD removal were elicited. The removed IUCD was subjected to culture and sensitivity. Initial descriptive analysis was used and statistical tests of significance like chi-square were used to know the relation between genital infections and IUCD.  P value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: Of the 430 women, 46.9% were between 21-25 years of age, 49.3% were primipara, and 71% used IUCD for 1-3 years. Most common reason for removal in the first 2 years was heavy menstrual bleed followed by pain abdomen. 15.3% culture reports showed growth of bacteria, with maximum cultures positive in <5 years of usage, the association was statistically significant.Conclusions: Present study shows a lower risk of bacterial infections among IUCD users. Hence, effective counseling regarding the safety of IUCD over other spacing methods is essential to increase its acceptance.
Review of maternal mortality in a tertiary care urban teaching hospital: 10 year retrospective study
Authors: G. Shobha , Kanavi Jayashree V. , Divater Veena B. , Thomas Annamma
Published: April 2019

Background: The objectives of this study were to calculate the maternal mortality ratio, causes for maternal death in our institution and the duration of hospital admission to death interval.Methods: The study included collecting and analyzing the details of maternal death in women who were admitted to St. Johns Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, from January 2007 to December 2016. Results: Total maternal deaths were 61 and live births were 26,001 during the study period. The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was 234.6 per 100,000 live births. Majority of maternal deaths occurred in women aged 18 - 35 years 56 (91.80%) women, primipara 45 (73.77%) and referred cases to our institution from other hospitals 52 (85.24%).                      Most of the women died in the postnatal period 54 (88.52%). Direct obstetric causes accounted for 44 (72.13%) maternal deaths and indirect causes 17 (27.86%) deaths. Preeclampsia and eclampsia were the leading causes for death 13 (21.31%) followed by acute fatty liver of pregnancy 12 (19.67%), hemorrhage 7 (13.11%) and sepsis 6 (9.83%). Anemia was present in 77.04% of women at the time of admission to our hospital. Thirty six (59.01%) women died within a week of admission to the hospital, in which 13 (21.31%) women died in less than 24hours of admission. Twenty five (40.98%) women died after a week of admission to hospital.Conclusions: Apart from the triad of preeclampsia, obstetric haemorrhage and sepsis, acute fatty liver of pregnancy has emerged as an important cause of maternal death. Most of the maternal deaths are preventable. Early detection of complications and timely referral to tertiary care hospital in St. Johns Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India decreases maternal morbidity and mortality.
A comparative study of outcome of pyeloplasty in stented and non-stented children
Authors: Laddha Ashok Kumar , Khare Eeshansh , Lahoti Brijesh Kumar
Published: April 2019

Background: It is a matter of debate whether to use a stent (double J) or not during pyeloplasty in patients of pelvic ureteric junction obstruction (PUJ obstruction). This study was conducted to assess which technique- stented or non-stented is better for paediatric patients with PUJ obstruction.Methods: 45 paediatric patients aged 0-12 years were included in this prospective comparative simple randomized sample study during the period of June 2015 to August 2017 in paediatric surgery division of department of surgery in M.Y. Hospital, Indore. All patients except one underwent open A-H dismembered pyeloplasty. The parameters used for comparison were renal parenchymal diameter, renal pelvis AP diameter, GFR (by DTPA scan) and rate of complications. Minimum follow up period was 3 months.Results: The M:F ratio was 2:1. Stented children had significant improvement in renal parenchymal diameter (i.e. increase) and GFR (of affected kidney) after pyeloplasty, whereas non-stented children too had improvement in renal parenchymal diameter and GFR (affected kidney) but was not significant. The percentage of postoperative complications were more in non-stented group as compared to stented group.Conclusions: In all paediatric cases with PUJO undergoing A-H pyeloplasty, both stenting and non-stenting have similar results and to place a double J stent should depend on choice of surgeon.
A clinical study of complicated inguinal hernias
Authors: Kappikeri Vijaykumar , N. Kalaskar Nitinkumar N.
Published: April 2019

Background: Hernia is a common, treatable condition, if ignored can lead to life- threatening complications. Lack of health awareness, poverty, and lack of surgical facilities will lead to devastating complications. This study aims at illustrating the various modes of presentation, management and postoperative outcome in complicated inguinal hernias.Methods: 50 patients of complicated inguinal hernia admitted in Basaveshwar Teaching and General Hospital attached to M.R. Medical College, Kalaburagi from September 2016 to August 2018 was studied.Results: 12 cases (24%) presented within 24 hrs of onset of symptoms, while 38 cases (76%) after 24 hrs. 32 cases (64%) were right sided and 16 cases (32%) were left sided hernias. 2 cases (4%) were bilateral hernias but had complication on only 1 side. 44% cases were irreducible, 36% were obstructed and 20% were strangulated. 96% cases were indirect while only 4% were direct hernia. 82% cases were from rural and 18% cases were from urban areas. Most common age of presentation was 4th and 5th decade. Most common mode of presentation was an irreducible swelling (100%), followed by pain in 48% and vomiting in 46% cases. The content was small bowel in 54% cases, omentum in 18% cases and both in 16% cases. Herniorrhaphy was performed in 74% cases and hernioplasty in 14%. 6 cases of strangulated hernia with non-viable bowel underwent resection and anastomosis. 3 deaths (6%) were reported.Conclusions: Patients who presented within 24 hours of onset of symptoms had shorter hospital stay, lesser complications and no mortality. Whereas cases presented after (>24 hrs) had higher rate of complications and mortality. Most of the complicated cases were from rural area and were right sided indirect inguinal hernias.
Clinical presentations of carcinoma breast in rural population of North India: a prospective observational study
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Dang Rohit , Gupta Sangeeta
Published: April 2019

Background: There is an ever increasing incidence in cases of carcinoma breast in developing countries, however no definitive cause is found. Since it presents as painless lump, patients neglect the disease and come to hospital often in late stages. This study was planned to investigate the causes for late presentation of the patients with carcinoma breast in North Indian population.Methods: This is a prospective observational study; it included fifty cases of carcinoma breast proven by FNAC/Trucut biopsy. All these cases were admitted in the department of general surgery and thoroughly examined and investigated. The details of investigations, management, morbidity & mortality were noted down & results calculated with appropriate statistical analysis.Results: Most of the female patients were in the age group of 31-60 years. Maximum patients presented with breast lumps, but most of them had lump more than 5 cm (T3) in size with spread to axillary lymph nodes N1 or N2. Surgery in the form of Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM), adjuvant & neo-adjuvant Chemotherapy as per the stage of the disease and hormonal therapy in the form of Tamoxifen was given.Conclusions: Poor treatment compliance in the form of irregularity to turn up for chemotherapy cycles has resulted in more number of mastectomies. Numbers of patients lost to follow up were more due to unaffordability of the cost incurred and lack of awareness. True mortality rate and recurrence rate could not be commented upon as a longer period of follow up was required.
Rare case of pseudogout in the scapular region
Authors: Andrews Zenina Reuben , Mohanapriya T. , Singh K. Balaji
Published: April 2019

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease (CPPD) also referred to as pseudogout is an inflammatory arthritis produced by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in the synovium and periarticular soft tissues. This report documents a case of a 41 year old female who presented with a painful swelling in the back. MRI revealed a complex swelling with lobulation of size 7.4×7.4×7 cm in the posterolateral aspect of chest wall just superficial to the ribcage. A surgical excision biopsy of the swelling was done and patient improved symptomatically. Serum uric acid levels were measured and found to be within limits.
Plastic wound protectors in laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Authors: Odofin Ayodeji
Published: April 2019

Plastic wound protectors are used in colorectal surgery to reduce incidence of post-operative wound infection and port site metastasis. The aim of this study is to determine if this practice has research currency based on the available literature. A systematic literature search enabled critical appraisal of retrieved studies. Six studies focusing on the topic of interest were retrieved and rigorously analysed. Analysis of these studies revealed adequate support for this practice especially in reducing incidence of post-operative wound infections. Plastic wound protectors serve as a useful tool in preventing post-operative wound infections, but there is paucity of evidence to support its role in preventing port site metastasis.
Sexual dimorphism of foramen magnum: a NCCT based study
Authors: Wani Haseeb Abdul , Feroz Imza , Dar Saleem Mohammad , Parry Arshed Hussain , Gojwari Tariq Ahmad
Published: April 2019

Background: Radiological determination of gender relies predominantly on the skeletal radiology and assumes importance in mass natural disasters, bomb explosions, exhumations and warfare where skeletal fragmentation is common. Varied literature is present regarding the role of foramen magnum in establishing gender identification. The objective of the study was to establish normative values of cross-sectional area of foramen magnum in both genders using NCCT and try to ascertain any significant difference in cross-sectional area in the two genders which may help in gender identification.

Methods: NCCT head images of 378 subjects were analysed in individuals beyond the age of skeletal immaturity. Free ROI technique using electronic calliper tool was used. The cross-sectional area of foramen magnum was automatically obtained after tracing its whole inner circumference.

Results: Mean cross-sectional area of foramen magnum in females was 806.79±106.58 mm2 and was 878.33±98.42 mm2 in males. Although the cross-sectional area in males was greater than females no statistically significant difference was found. The correlation coefficient was found to be weaker (R=0.0413).

Conclusions: No statistically significant difference was found between the two genders. The correlation coefficient was also weak to draw any inference about the gender of the skull on CT imaging. Further studies are needed to include other parameters like the sagittal and transverse diameters of foramen magnum in a larger sample to show importance of foramen magnum, if any, in helping gender identification of skeletal remains.

 
FEMALE EMPLOYMENT AND CARE ECONOMY IN TURKEY
Authors: İNCE YENİLMEZ Meltem
Published: April 2019

This paper examines gender employment

impact of expanding the early childhood care and preschool education (ECCPE)

sector in Turkey. Underinvestment in social care thus takes its toll on the

country’s long-term economic potential through weakened labour force

attachment, and diminished childhood development. This neglect of care economy

projects reflects a gender bias in economic thinking as women are more

represented in caring work. Investing in the care industries would generate

increases in employment and add to growth, with a higher proportion going to women,

as they would now be free to take up many of such jobs. It would also narrow

the gender employment and earnings gaps. In addition, the government at various levels could

start by eliminating gender bias in the laws; take necessary measures to

establish, operate, and allocate funds for childcare facilities; come up with

initiatives like reinstating and reviewing the laws mandating private sector

employers to set up nurseries for both male and female staff and provide

childcare services in the workplace. 
1920 – 1960 YILLARI ARASINDA ABD’DE AİLE SOSYOLOJİSİ
Authors: SADIKOĞLU Zehra Zeynep
Published: April 2019

1920’li yıllarda ABD’de ayrı bir alan olarak ortaya çıkan aile sosyolojisi
çalışmalarında farklı yaklaşımların benimsendiğini gözlemek mümkündür. Ancak
hızlanan sanayileşme ve modernleşme süreçleri bireye ontolojik öncelik
kazandırmıştır. Bu nedenle 1940’lı yıllara kadar bireyi toplumsala bağlı fakat
aynı zamanda kendi başına bir özne olarak ele alıyor oluşu nedeniyle sembolik
etkileşimci yaklaşım aile çalışmalarında öne çıkmıştır. 1945 sonrasında ise
ABD’nin küresel bir güç olarak dünya sahnesinde yerini alması hem toplumsal
gelişmelerin açıklanmasında hem de aile çalışmalarında teorik çerçeve oluşturma
ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. Yapısal işlevselci yaklaşım ve onun temsilcisi sayılan
Talcott Parsons’ın kuramı bu dönemde alanı belirleyici hale gelmiştir.

Bu çalışma ile amaçlanan 1920-1960 yılları arasında ABD’de aile
sosyolojisinde öne çıkan teorik yaklaşımları açıklamak ve bu yaklaşımların
benimsenmesinde toplumsal ihtiyaç, beklenti ve genel konjonktürün yanı sıra
sosyoloji disiplinindeki genel eğilimlerin ne yönde etkili olduğunu
göstermektir. Bu çerçevede 1960’lı
yıllara kadar ABD’de sosyoloji alanında hangi yaklaşımların öne çıktığı
üzerinde durulmaktadır. Aynı zamanda aile alanını belirleyen yaklaşımlar
çerçevesinde ortaya konan çalışma ve kavramlara değinilmektedir.
The Hero with a Thousand Facebooks: Mythology in Between the Fall of Humanism and the Rise of Big Data Religion
Authors: Ranieri Roberto
Published: April 2019

This paper will show why mythology is still relevant today. To the technological man, a myth is a curious, but valueless, cultural artifact from a superstitious age. He considers myth and primitive religion as failed attempts at science. Myths, in his opinion, were the theories that primitive people devised to explain the world. Now that we have science, we know better, and we should discard myth. However, the technological man also feels an ever-growing fear of losing the meaning of his journey through history. His perception of the dystopian future is mythologically apocalyptic and threating his humanity as never before. Firstly, the paper will define technophobia by considering the psychological impact of the information society on everyday life. Secondly, it will be demonstrated that fearing technology has a long history in the performing arts. Indeed, narratives about artificial life, surpassing human limits, and controlling potentially dangerous technologies feature familiar legendary figures, from the imagined wings of Icarus to the most recent Hollywood science fiction movie. Finally, this study will highlight that the potential rise of the big-data religion, instead of being considered the end of mythology, can be read as a new mythology itself.
Heroic Intelligence: The Hero’s Journey as an Evolutionary and Existential Blueprint
Authors: Efthimiou Olivia , Franco Zeno E.
Published: April 2019

This article revisits the hero’s journey—and heroic behaviour as understood in its emerging contemporary conceptualisations—as a seat of intelligence across the biological, psychological, social, cultural, historical, phenomenological, and existential domains. In so doing, we acknowledge Joseph Campbell’s assertions about several changes that occur in heroes, one being differences or amplifications in certain types of cognitive activity. First, the hero’s journey is examined as a deeply ingrained event in our evolution, providing a foundation for the interconnection between heroism, intelligence, and the transformative process. We also examine the possibility that heroism can have biological implications, perhaps extending to epigenetic expression. Next, heroic behaviour is considered as intelligent behaviour that is embodied and embedded in our evolution and the everyday. The concept of the heroic as a discrete form of physical intelligence is examined through a phenomenological and existential lens; this supports a reading of human organisms as ‘hero organisms’, capable of heightened cognitive, physical, and transcendent action. The article concludes with a discussion on a physically grounded heroic intelligence as fundamentally a question of consciousness that is intimately bound to existential pursuits, and the legacy of Joseph Campbell’s work potentially re-defining the concept of evolutionary design.
Adventurers and Lovers: Organizational Heroines and Heroes for a New Time
Authors: Kostera Monika
Published: April 2019

Narratives resonating with profound layers of culture have such a strong influence because they use archetypes. Archetypes, understood in the Jungian way, as constructs in the collective unconscious, ready to hold important cultural material, can shape the plot, characters, time and place of such tales. I analyzed the empirical material collected during a longitudinal ethnographic study of Polish and UK alternative organizations, such as cooperatives, value driven businesses, anarchist collectives and others, operating in the margins of the capitalist system, looking for underpinning archetypical tales, which referred to their general principle of organizing. I have found two such overarching motifs: the Adventurer (or the classic Campbellian hero) and the Lover. The narrative thrust of the archetypical tales seems to be directed in opposite ways. The hybrid they form may have an interesting potential for radical change.
Desinfestación reductiva, suelo desecado y Trichoderma harzianum para controlar Phymatotrichopsis omnivora en vivero de nogal pecanero
Authors: Samaniego-Gaxiola José Alfredo , Pedroza-Sandoval Aurelio , Chew-Madinaveitia Yasmín , Gaytán-Mascorro Arturo
Published: April 2019

En el laboratorio, suelo adicionado con glucosa 0.5-4.0 mg g-1 e inundado, el pH y el potencial oxidación-reducción (ORP) alcanzaron valores de 6.2 y -250 mV, también observamos hasta 22 mmol L-1 de ácidos grasos volátiles (VAFs). El sobrenadante del suelo se ajustó o no a pH ~ 4, luego los esclerocios de P. omnivora se sumergieron en él. Los esclerocios murieron solo en sobrenadantes a pH ~4 que provenían del suelo con 2.0 y 4.0 mg g-1 de glucosa añadida. En el campo, hubo seis tratamientos: un testigo o suelo no tratado (C); se agregaron 55 t ha-1 de melaza y el suelo se cubrió con plástico (M); suelo inoculado con Trichoderma harzianum (T); suelo desecado (DS) y sus combinaciones DS+M, DS+T y DS+M+T. Cuando se añadió melaza, el pH y el ORP alcanzaron 6.5 y -200 mV. El pH y el ORP alcanzados en suelos con glucosa y melaza son característicos de la desinfestación reductiva del suelo (RSD). En el campo, los tratamientos se aplicaron al suelo, con cuatro (repeticiones) parcelas por tratamiento y se sembraron 12 nueces por parcela. Después de tres años, no hubo diferencia en la incidencia y la mortandad de los árboles causada por P. omnivora, pero las raíces fueron invadidas por Trichoderma sp.
Nuevos registros de aislamientos del Cucumber mosaic virus y su RNA satélite en Colima, México
Authors: Valadez-Ramírez Pedro , Paz-Román Javier , Guzmán-González Salvador , Buenrostro-Nava Marco Tulio , Ochoa-Martínez Daniel Leobardo
Published: April 2019

El Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) ocasiona una de las enfermedades virales más importantes a nivel mundial en plantas silvestres y cultivadas. En México son pocos los estudios que se han abordado con este virus, y dada su amplia gama de hospedantes e impacto económico, es necesario contar con mayor información de su presencia y distribución en zonas de importancia agrícola como las del estado de Colima. En este trabajo, se reportan nuevos aislamientos del CMV identificados por RT-PCR, secuenciación de DNA y su análisis filogenético: CMV-Vin en vinca (Catharanthus roseus), CMV-Chi en chile jalapeño (Capsicum annuum) y CMV-Tom en tomate saladette (Solanum lycopersicum). Se confirmó, además, la presencia del CMV en melón cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) (CMV-Mel). Los aislamientos CMV-Vin, CMV-Chi y CMV-Mel agruparon en el subgrupo IB, mientras que CMV-Tom agrupó en el subgrupo IA de CMV. De estos aislamientos, sólo CMV-Vin evidenció la presencia de un RNA satélite (satRNA Vin) sin dominio necrogénico. Este es el primer reporte de la presencia del CMV en vinca, chile y tomate y de un RNA satélite en vinca en Colima, México.
Cambios ultraestructurales en blastosporas de Taphrina caerulescens en presencia de hospedante susceptible y no susceptible
Authors: Evans Gregg , Moreno-Rico Onésimo , Sosa-Ramírez Joaquín , Luna-Ruíz José De Jesús , Moreno-Manzano Celeste Elizabeth
Published: April 2019

Taphrina caerulescens es un hongo fitopatógeno de encinos, que causa ampollas en hojas de 50 especies de Quercus. En 2015, el hongo se aisló por primera vez de Quercus eduardii, especie de encino endémica de la Sierra Fría de Aguascalientes, México. El objetivo de este estudio fue documentar los cambios que se producen en el inóculo fúngico antes de la infección de su hospedante a medida que cambia de saprófito a parásito. Se utilizaron dos especies de plantas hospedantes: Q. eduardii y Q. potosina, y una especie no hospedante, Pittosporum tobira. En el microscopio electrónico de barrido se analizaron muestras de hojas 24 h, 48 h y 72 h post inoculación con una suspensión de conidios de T. caerulescens. Se observó una gemación moderada de conidios después de 24 h en muestras de Quercus; después de 48 h la gemación incrementó en las dos especies de Quercus y se observó la formación de blastosporas significativamente más pequeñas, que el inóculo original en las muestras de Quercus eduardii. La formación de tubos germinativos de las blastosporas pequeñas se comprobó después de 48 h en Quercus eduardii. Los tubos germinativos se observaron creciendo de manera aleatoria hacia las estomas. No se observaron cambios significativos en las muestras no hospedantes. No existe otro reporte de blastosporas pequeñas en T. caerulescens.
Effect of domestic processing methods on anti-nutritional factors and its impact on the bio- availability proteins and starch in commonly consumed whole legumes
Authors: Kamalasundari Somasundaram , Babu Rajagopalan , Umamaheswari Thiyagamoorthy
Published: April 2019

The biological utilization of protein is influenced by the presence of anti-nutritional compounds. This study aims to find the best domestic processing methods (soaking, sprouting, boiling, pressure cooking and roasting) in reducing the
anti-nutritional factors thereby improving the rate and extent of starch and protein digestion by in-vitro condition. Results revealed that all the treatments were effective in significantly reducing the anti-nutritional content and application of
single domestic processing method is insufficient for complete removal of anti-nutritional factors (tannin, phytic acid, Trypsin Inhibitor activity). The most effective combination method for reducing tannin, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor
activity content is soaking, roasting and pressure cooking. Hence, the best processing treatments was soaking/roasting followed by pressure cooking. For better digestibility of in-vitro protein and starch soaked pulses followed by pressure cooking
was found effective.
Effect of stevia leaf extract powder on sensory characteristics of Amrakhand
Authors: Tondare J. C. , Hembade A. S.
Published: April 2019

Amrakhand is a variation of shrikhand where it is mixed with pureed mango popular in western part of southern peninsula of India; consumers in Gujarat prefer its sweet variety while those in Maharashtra prefer the tangy/soury variety. High
sugar content in the Amrakhand contributes to the total energy intake; carbohydrate is the most restricted item in the diet of both dietetic and diabetic individuals. Stevia is a natural sweetener with zero calories and its beneficial influence on
human health, there is a great possibility of its use in food industry. The main aim of study was to investigate the sensory quality of Amrakhand prepared by using stevia leaf extract powder at different level of concentrations. Six different
concentrations of sucrose and stevia used were 30:70(T1), 25:75 (T2), 20:80 (T3), 15:85 (T4), 10:90 (T5) based on quantity of chakka. Control sample (T0) was prepared from 100:0 sucrose and stevia leaf extract powder concentration. Sensory attributes
(colour and appearance, flavor, Mouthfeel, Body and texture, taste and overall acceptability) were judged by panel using 9- point hedonic scale the preferred order of samples was as follows : T1>T2>T0>T3>T4>T5. Amrakhand with treatment
T1 (30:70) was more acceptable by the panel of judges.