bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Wastewater Treatment using Agro-Based Adsorbents
Authors: MADIRAJU Saisantosh Vamshi Harsha , HUNG Yung-Tse , PAUL Howard Hao-Che
Published: May 2021

This study was undertaken to determine the treatment a binary mixture of dye wastewater (containing Naphthol Green B) and the sugar industry wastewater for removal of color. The specific treatment in the current research consists of adsorption using low-cost adsorbents and microfiltration using Whatman-41 microfilters. Considerations of this treatment process are to take the samples using batch adsorption and avoid coagulation with further dilution. Numerous runs are made, with the ideal waste samples prepared in the laboratory. As a 1st step in the study, different dye concentrations are considered using different concentrations of sugar wastewater. Samples are treated with 3 different Agro-based low-cost adsorbents (orange peel, peanut hull, and Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)). Transmittance values for Naphthol Green B after treatment with orange peel and peanut hull are 83.12 % and 76.98 % respectively. Peanut hull has the highest transmittance of 76.98 % with < 425 µm size. Orange peel contributes to the highest transmittance of 83.12 % with a 2 g dosage. The values of transmittance after treatment with PAC are taken as the datum for the comparison of adsorption performance after treatment using orange peel and peanut hull. Peanut hull has the highest Non-Purgeable Organic Carbon (NPOC) measurement of 37.86 mg/L when mixed with 600 ppm of sugar wastewater. Similarly, when mixed with 600 ppm of sugar wastewater, orange peel contributes to the NPOC value of 35.06 mg/L. These treated samples using low-cost adsorbents can be considered as pre-treated wastewater that can be sent to municipal wastewater treatment plants.
HIGHLIGHTS

Orange Peel and Peanut Hull are the Agro-based low-cost adsorbents for color removal
Wastewater treated with Peanut Hull has high Non-Purgeable Organic Carbon measurement
Peanut hull has the highest transmittance of 76.98 % with < 425µm size
Orange peel contributes to the highest transmittance of 83.12 % with a 2 g dosage
Powdered Activated Carbon is considered as a reference adsorbent in this study

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Deep Transfer Learning Pipelines with Apache Spark and Keras TensorFlow combined with Logistic Regression to Detect COVID-19 in Chest CT Images
Authors: BENBRAHIM Houssam , HACHIMI Hanaa , AMINE Aouatif
Published: May 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has propagated rapidly around the world, and it became a global pandemic. It has generated a catastrophic effect on public health. Thus, it is crucial to discover positive cases as early as possible to treat touched patients fastly. Chest CT is one of the methods that play a significant role in diagnosing 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease. The implementation of advanced deep learning techniques combined with radiological imaging can be helpful for the precise detection of the novel coronavirus. It can also be assistive to surmount the difficult situation of the lack of medical skills and specialized doctors in remote regions. This paper presented Deep Transfer Learning Pipelines with Apache Spark and KerasTensorFlow combined with the Logistic Regression algorithm for automatic COVID-19 detection in chest CT images, using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based models VGG16, VGG19, and Xception. Our model produced a classification accuracy of 85.64, 84.25, and 82.87 %, respectively, for VGG16, VGG19, and Xception.
HIGHLIGHTS

Deep Transfer Learning Pipelines with Apache Spark and Keras TensorFlow combined with Logistic Regression using CT images to screen for Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19)      
Automatic detection of  COVID-19 in chest CT images
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based models VGG16, VGG19, and Xception to predict COVID-19 in Computed Tomography image

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Time-lapse graphical representation methods for mapping of Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams (IRES)
Authors:   University of the Aegean, Greece, STAMATAKI Maria-Danae , TZORAKI Ourania ,   University of the Aegean, Greece, SAUQUET Eric ,   National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), France
Published: May 2021

Flow data visualizations describe runoff, flooding or drought, showing the interconnectivity and complexity of water data issues or water management problems. Intermittent Flow Rivers constitute more than half of the length of the global river network and their presence is expanding in response to climate change. A new approach is developed to visualize the flow of the Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams (IRES) based on the creation of time-lapse videos. Two statistical methods, the Natural Breaks and Equal Interval one, are used and evaluated for the creation of the mapping content. The flow dataset of IRES for the island of Crete (in Greece) is used as a case study for a six-year period. The results of both methods are used as an input to create the time-lapse videos of IRES. The videos show the flow fluctuation and cessation during a six-year period and the differences between the two methods.
Tradução legente e experiência literária em Maria Gabriela Llansol
Authors: Paula Janaina Rocha de
Published: May 2021

Este artigo pretende investigar as relações entre leitura, tradução e escrita em Maria Gabriela Llansol. Entre a língua de partida e a língua de chegada há o desenho de um caminho ético que pensa a tradução a partir de uma política e uma poética, levando em conta a alteridade presente no interior de todas as línguas. A experiência de tradução em Maria Gabriela Llansol nos permite vislumbrar um campo em que a vida escrita, sem apoio da memória, ou despossuída do seu fato histórico, resta como potência a traduzir. Entendemos que leitura, tradução e escrita fazem parte de um mesmo projeto literário. Talvez mais, trata-se, para essa escritora, de um projeto literário-político, que sustenta a sobrevivência de uma prática de escrita e leitura que se dirige aos lugares onde o real dos corpos e afetos deixou de ser a linha guia da literatura.
A formação do tradutor jurídico: análise da competência tradutora em tradução jurídica e proposta de programa formativo
Authors: Soriano Barabino Guadalupe , Oliveira Claudio Luiz da Silva
Published: May 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é propor um programa formativo para tradutores de textos jurídicos a partir da análise da competência tradutora em tradução jurídica. Para isto, antes de analisar o desenvolvimento das áreas competentes que entram em jogo na tradução jurídica, recordaremos porque cabe diferenciar a tradução jurídica da tradução de outros tipos de textos e repassaremos argumentos que defendem a idoneidade, para o tradutor jurídico, de contar com uma formação que seja estritamente tradutológica, estritamente jurídica ou bem uma combinação de ambas. A proposta formativa que oferecemos pode ser adaptada a qualquer formato e duração e está dirigida tanto a egressos de direito como em tradução ou a tradutores profissionais que não trabalham com textos de caráter jurídico.
Hyper spectral and Geochemical Signatures Study on Late Archeaen of Indian High Grade Manganese Deposits in Halekal Band of Bhahaddurghatta-Hosahatty Village, Chitradurga Schist Belt (Csb), Karnataka, India
Authors:   Department of Studies in Earth Science, Centre for Advanced Studies in Precambrian Geology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, India., H.T Basavarajappa , M.C Manjunatha ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Maharaja Institute of Technology, Thandavapura, Mysuru, India.
Published: May 2021

Manganese is one of the most widely distributed elements in the earth’s crust and mapping of these deposit are of high economic interest. Manganese occurs as diverse genetic types that is vital for iron and steel production. It occurs usually in the form of oxide, hydroxide, carbonate and silicate which is an important raw material for iron, steel industry, chief manufacturer of chemicals and dry cells in the form of manganese dioxides. Advanced analysis of hyperspectral signatures and GPS applications have opened a newest approach in exploration and systematic mapping of economic ore deposits. The present study aims to integrate the hyperspectral signatures with major elements of manganese ore deposits of Halekal band in Bhahaddurghatta-Hosahatty village of Chitradurga Schist Belt. The samples collected from field are studied in the laboratory using thin and polished sections under microscope and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Efforts are created to assess the spectral signatures of four representative random ore samples collected and analyzed through ASD Spectro-radiometer instrument operative in Visible and InfraRed (325 to 2500 nm) region with concentration of major elements. This study clearly demonstrated and documented the spectral absorption features of the selected rock samples in the study area mainly depend on the optical and physico-chemical characters of the rock and major elemental composition as well as mineral constituents of the samples.
Prediction of Students’ Performance in e-Learning Environment using Data Mining/ Machine Learning Techniques
Authors:   Amity Institute of Information Technology (AIIT), Amity University, Lucknow, U.P, India., Kumar Verma Brijesh , Srivastava Dr. Nidhi ,   Amity Institute of Information Technology (AIIT), Amity University, Lucknow, U.P, India., Kumar Singh Hemant ,   Associate Professor and Head, Department of Computer Science & Engineering SMS Institute of Technology, Lucknow, U.P. India.
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the way od of learning. During this pandemic the learning has shifted from offline to online. student’s performance prediction based on their relevant information has emerged new area for educational institutions for improving teaching learning process, changes in course curriculum. Machine leaning technology can be helpful in predicting the performance of student and accordingly the institutions can make required changes in in their lecture delivery and curriculum. This paper utilized some machine learning methodologies to predict the students’ performance. Educational data of open University(OU) is analyzed Based on parameters that are demographic, engagement and performance. In the experimental analysis. In the experimental analysis, the k-NN approach performed best in some cases and ANN performed best in other cases among all compared algorithms on OU dataset.
Evaluating the provision of basic services in rural settlements : the case study of Maswazini rural area
Authors:   ,   Durban University of Technology, Mabizela Hlengiwe Nomzamo
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study was to critically examine the challenges of service delivery experienced by the community of Maswazini in Okhahlamba Local Municipality. The study seeks to explore the impact of isolation from basic services and the challenges faced by the Maswazini community in relation to the provision of basic services. The services that were surveyed at Maswazini rural areas include basic housing, electricity, water and sanitation. Many scholars and rural communities in different areas reported that Municipalities experience challenges in providing adequate services despite the efforts and the support gained from national, provincial government and other external stakeholders (Makale, 2015:1). Thus, the study further seek to determine the methods and strategies used to provide basic services, assess the availability of quality services in Maswazini and ascertain the engagement of the people of Maswazini area in the provision of services, and recommend approaches to improve service delivery. A case study design was employed to plan and conduct this study. A mixed method research was adopted in the collection and analysis of data, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The data was collected using unstructured interviews and questionnaires while the analysis was done utilizing the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 25.0. A purposive sampling technique and snowball sampling was followed to select the 235 respondents comprising of 200 Maswazini residents, 20 Okhahlamba Municipal officials and 15 employees from the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform. The university’s ethics committee ethically cleared the study. Participants’ permission to participate in the study was obtained and they were ensured of their protection from harm, and the confidentiality of the information they provided through signing consent form. This study revealed that the municipality is not complying with various policies that mandate them on how they should provide basic services to communities. The dissatisfaction of community members of Maswazini indicates that there is moral disengagement between them and the municipal officials, and the communities have lost trust in government and municipal officials at Maswazini. Challenges revealed by this study include limited resources, lack of municipal autonomy in decision-making, political interference and insufficient capacity. Therefore, this study recommends that local government review and devise methods and strategies to enforce compliance with its policies and legal requirements while taking into account the needs and interests of the people. Also, to promote the involvement of people in service delivery matters on a regular basis in order to immediately address challenges in rural areas and thereby ensure good governance.
Comparativo de rendimiento en híbridos nacionales e internacionales de maíz bajo condiciones del valle de Pativilca, Lima, Perú
Authors: Fabián N. H. , Luis D. B. , Tirado R. H.
Published: May 2021

Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto de híbridos nacionales frente a híbridos internacionales de maíz amarillo duro bajo las condiciones del valle de Pativilca, Lima, Perú. Metodología: El ensayo agronómico se llevó a cabo en Pativilca (Lima, Perú). Se usó el diseño de bloques completos al azar con siete tratamientos, tres híbridos nacionales, tres  internacionales y una variedad control. Para la comparación de medias se utilizó la prueba de Tukey, P=95%. Las variables analizadas fueron: altura de planta y mazorca, floración masculina y femenina, número de mazorcas/parcela, número de hileras/mazorca y granos/mazorca, peso de grano y rendimiento. Resultados: Los resultados muestran al cv. Marginal T28 con mayor altura de planta y mazorca (235,35 y 124,5 cm). En cuanto a los días de floración masculina y femenina, Marginal 28T fue el más tardío, en cambio DK-7088 y Megahíbrido 619 fueron los más precoces. Asimismo, DK-7088 obtuvo mayor número de mazorcas/parcela además de mayor longitud (19,03 cm) y diámetro de mazorca (5,91 cm), junto a Megahíbrido 619 (16,03 y 5,05 cm). En cuanto a número de hileras/mazorca y número de granos/hilera, el DK-7088 (16,78 y 44,23) fue el sobresaliente. DK-7088 obtuvo el mayor peso de mazorca y mayor rendimiento con 14,44 t ha-1, seguido de Pioneer 30F35 (13,15 t ha-1) y Megahíbrido 619 (11,66 t ha-1). Conclusiones: El híbrido DK-7088 y el híbrido nacional Megahíbrido 619, poseen características agronómicas ideales para la producción de maíz amarillo duro en condiciones del valle de Pativilca. Lima, Perú.
Analisis Dan Penerapan Algoritma K-Means Dalam Strategi Promosi Kampus Akademi Maritim Suaka Bahari
Authors: Hartati Tuti , Nurdiawan Odi , Wiyandi Eko
Published: May 2021

The process of accepting new cadet candidates at the Maritime Academy of Marine Sanctuary every year, produces a lot of data in the form of profiles of prospective cadets. The activity caused a large accumulation of data, it became difficult to identify prospective cadets. This research discusses the application of data mining to generate profiles that have similar attributes. One of the data mining techniques used to identify a group of objects that have the same characteristics is Cluster Analysis. The data clustering method is divided into one or more clusters that have the same characteristics called K-means. The method that the author uses is knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) consisting of Data, Data Cleaning, Data transformation, Data mining, Pattern evolution, knowledge. Implementation of K-means Clustering process using Rapid Miner. Attributes used by NIT, Level, Name, Student Status, Type of Registration, Gender, Place of Birth, Date of Birth, Religion, School Origin, School Origin Department, Religion, GPA, Subdistrict, District/ City, Province. Returns the number of clusters 30 (k=30). From the research results based on davies bouldin test on K-means algorithm resulted in the closest value of 0 is k = 29 with Davies bouldin: 0.070, with the most cluster member distribution in cluster 16 containing cluster members 115 items.
Measurement report: In situ observations of deep convection without lightning during the tropical cyclone Florence 2018
Authors: Nussbaumer Clara M. , Tadic Ivan , Dienhart Dirk , Wang Nijing , Edtbauer Achim , Ernle Lisa , Williams Jonathan , Obersteiner Florian , Gutiérrez-Álvarez Isidoro , Harder Hartwig , Lelieveld Jos , Fischer Horst
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Hurricane Florence was the sixth named storm in the Atlantic hurricane season 2018. It caused dozens of deaths and major economic damage. In this study, we present in situ observations of trace gases within tropical storm Florence on 2 September 2018, after it had developed a rotating nature, and of a tropical wave observed close to the African continent on 29 August 2018 as part of the research campaign CAFE Africa (Chemistry of the Atmosphere: Field Experiment in Africa) with HALO (High Altitude and LOng Range Research Aircraft). We show the impact of deep convection on atmospheric composition by measurements of the trace gases nitric oxide (NO), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and methyl iodide (CH3I) and by the help of color-enhanced infrared satellite imagery taken by GOES-16. While both systems, i.e., the tropical wave and the tropical storm, are deeply convective, we only find evidence for lightning in the tropical wave using both in situ NO measurements and data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN).
Lidar observations of cirrus clouds in Palau (7°33′ N, 134°48′ E)
Authors: Cairo Francesco , De Muro Mauro , Snels Marcel , Di Liberto Luca , Bucci Silvia , Legras Bernard , Kottayil Ajil , Scoccione Andrea , Ghisu Stefano
Published: May 2021

Abstract. A polarization diversity elastic backscatter lidar was deployed on the equatorial island of Palau in February and March 2016 in the framework of the EU StratoClim project. The system operated unattended in the Palau Atmosferic Observatory from 15 February to 25 March 2016 during the nighttime. Each lidar profile extends from the ground to 30 km height. Here, the dataset is presented and discussed in terms of the temperature structure of the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) obtained from co-located radiosoundings. The cold-point tropopause (CPT) was higher than 17 km. During the campaign, several high-altitude clouds were observed, peaking approximately 3 km below the CPT. Their occurrence was associated with cold anomalies in the upper troposphere (UT). Conversely, when warm UT anomalies occurred, the presence of cirrus was restricted to a 5 km thick layer centred 5 km below the CPT. Thin and subvisible cirrus (SVC) were frequently detected close to the CPT. The particle depolarization ratios of these cirrus were generally lower than the values detected in the UT clouds. CPT cirrus occurrence showed a correlation with cold anomalies likely triggered by stratospheric wave activity penetrating the UT. The back-trajectories study revealed a thermal and convective history compatible with the convective outflow formation for most of the cirrus clouds, suggesting that the majority of air masses related to the clouds had encountered convection in the past and had reached the minimum temperature during its transport in less than 48 h before the observation. A subset of SVC with low depolarization and no sign of significative recent uplifting may have originated in situ.
SO2 and NH3 emissions enhance organosulfur compounds and fine particle formation from the photooxidation of a typical aromatic hydrocarbon
Authors: Yang Zhaomin , Xu Li , Tsona Narcisse T. , Li Jianlong , Luo Xin , Du Lin
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Aromatic hydrocarbons can dominate the volatile organic
compound budget in the urban atmosphere. Among them, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene
(TMB), mainly emitted from solvent use, is one of the most important
secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. Although atmospheric SO2
and NH3 levels can affect secondary aerosol formation, the influenced
extent of their impact and their detailed driving mechanisms are not well
understood. The focus of the present study is to examine the chemical
compositions and formation mechanisms of SOA from TMB photooxidation
influenced by SO2 and/or NH3. Here, we show that SO2
emission could considerably enhance aerosol particle formation due to
SO2-induced sulfate generation and acid-catalyzed heterogeneous
reactions. Orbitrap mass spectrometry measurements revealed the
generation of not only typical TMB products but also hitherto unidentified
organosulfates (OSs) in SO2-added experiments. The OSs designated as being of
unknown origin in earlier field measurements were also detected in TMB SOA,
indicating that atmospheric OSs might also be originated from TMB
photooxidation. For NH3-involved experiments, results demonstrated a
positive correlation between NH3 levels and particle volume as well as
number concentrations. The effects of NH3 on SOA composition were slight
under SO2-free conditions but stronger in the presence of SO2. A
series of multifunctional products with carbonyl, alcohols, and nitrate
functional groups were tentatively characterized in NH3-involved
experiments based on infrared spectra and mass spectrometry analysis. Plausible formation
pathways were proposed for detected products in the particle phase. The
volatility distributions of products, estimated using parameterization
methods, suggested that the detected products gradually condense onto the
nucleation particles to contribute to aerosol formation and growth. Our
results suggest that strict control of SO2 and NH3 emissions might
remarkably reduce organosulfates and secondary aerosol burden in the
atmosphere. Updating the aromatic oxidation mechanism in models could result
in more accurate treatment of particle formation for urban regions with
considerable SO2, NH3, and aromatics emissions.
Early Holocene cold snaps and their expression in the moraine record of the Eastern European Alps
Authors: Braumann Sandra M. , Schaefer Joerg M. , Neuhuber Stephanie M. , Lüthgens Christopher , Hidy Alan J. , Fiebig Markus
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Glaciers preserve climate variations in their geological and geomorphological records, which makes them prime candidates for climate reconstructions. Investigating the glacier-climate system over the past millennia is particularly relevant because, first, the amplitude and frequency of natural climate variability during the Holocene provides the climatic context against which modern, human-induced climate change must be assessed. Second, the transition from the last glacial to the current interglacial promises important insights into the climate system during warming, which is of particular interest with respect to ongoing climate change. Evidence of stable ice margin positions that record cooling during the past 12 ka are preserved in two glaciated valleys of the Silvretta Massif in the Eastern European Alps, the Jamtal (JAM) and the Laraintal (LAR). We mapped and dated moraines in these catchments including historical ridges using Beryllium-10 Surface Exposure Dating (10Be SED) techniques, and correlate resulting moraine formation intervals with climate proxy records to evaluate the spatial and temporal scale of these cold phases. The new geochronologies indicate two moraine formation intervals (MFI) during the Early Holocene (EH): 10.8 ± 0.7 ka (n = 9) and 11.2 ± 0.8 ka (n = 12). Boulder ages along historical moraines (n = 6) imply at least two glacier advances during the Little Ice Age (LIA; c. 1250–1850 CE), around 1300 CE and in the second half of the 18th century. An earlier advance to the same position may have occurred around 500 CE. The Jamtal and Laraintal moraine chronologies provide evidence that millennial scale EH warming was superimposed by centennial scale cooling. The timing of EH moraine formation is contemporaneous with brief temperature drops identified in local and regional paleoproxy records, most prominently with the Preboreal Oscillation (PBO), and is consistent with moraine deposition in other catchments in the European Alps, and in the Arctic region. This consistency points to cooling beyond the local scale and therefore a regional or even hemispheric climate driver. Freshwater input sourced from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS), which changed circulation patterns in the North Atlantic, is a plausible explanation for EH cooling and moraine formation in the Nordic region and in Europe.
Biophysical controls of marsh soil shear strength along an estuarine salinity gradient
Authors: Gillen Megan N. , Messerschmidt Tyler C. , Kirwan Matthew L.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion, and wave erosion threaten coastal marshes, but the influence of salinity on marsh erodibility remains poorly understood. We measured the shear strength of marsh soils along a salinity and biodiversity gradient in the York River estuary in Virginia to assess the direct and indirect impacts of salinity on potential marsh erodibility. We found that soil shear strength was higher in monospecific salt marshes (5–36 kPa) than in biodiverse freshwater marshes (4–8 kPa), likely driven by differences in belowground biomass. However, we also found that shear strength at the marsh edge was controlled by sediment characteristics, rather than vegetation or salinity, suggesting that inherent relationships may be obscured in more dynamic environments. Our results indicate that York River freshwater marsh soils are weaker than salt marsh soils, and suggest that salinization of these freshwater marshes
may lead to simultaneous losses in biodiversity and erodibility.
Improved Representation of Agricultural Land Use and Crop Management for Large Scale Hydrological Impact Simulation in Africa using SWAT+
Authors: Nkwasa Albert , Chawanda Celray James , Jägermeyr Jonas , van Griensven Ann
Published: May 2021

Abstract. To date, most regional and global hydrological models either ignore the representation of cropland or consider crop cultivation in a simplistic way or in abstract terms without any management practices. Yet, the water balance of cultivated areas is strongly influenced by applied management practices (e.g. planting, irrigation, fertilization, harvesting). The SWAT+ model represents agricultural land by default in a generic way where the start of the cropping season is driven by accumulated heat units. However, this approach does not work for tropical and sub-tropical regions such as the sub-Saharan Africa where crop growth dynamics are mainly controlled by rainfall rather than temperature. In this study, we present an approach on how to incorporate crop phenology using decision tables and global datasets of rainfed and irrigated croplands with the associated cropping calendar and fertilizer applications in a regional SWAT+ model for Northeast Africa. We evaluate the influence of the crop phenology representation on simulations of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Evapotranspiration (ET) using LAI remote sensing data from Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS) and WaPOR ET data respectively. Results show that a representation of crop phenology using global datasets leads to improved temporal patterns of LAI and ET simulations especially for regions with a single cropping cycle. However, for regions with multiple cropping seasons, global phenology datasets need to be complemented with local data or remote sensing data to capture additional cropping seasons. In addition, the improvement of the cropping season also helps to improve soil erosion estimates, as the timing of crop cover controls erosion rates in the model. With more realistic growing seasons, soil erosion is largely reduced for most agricultural Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs) which can be considered as a move towards substantial improvements over previous estimates. We conclude that regional and global hydrological models can benefit from improved representations of crop phenology and the associated management practices. Future work regarding the incorporation of multiple cropping seasons in global phenology data is needed to better represent cropping cycles in regional to global hydrological models.
Study on dynamic load-sharing characteristics of face gear dual-power split transmission system with backlash, support and spline clearance
Authors: Dong Hao , Zhang Hao Qin , Zhao Xiao Long , Duan Ling Ling
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The dynamic load-sharing characteristics of aircraft face gear
dual-power split transmission system (FGDPSTS) are taken as the research
object. Considering the factors of time-varying meshing stiffness,
comprehensive error, backlash, support clearance, spline clearance,
torsional stiffness, and support stiffness, the dynamic load-sharing model was
constructed based on the lumped-parameter method. The loaded tooth contact
analysis (LTCA) simulation method was used to calculate the time-varying
meshing stiffness. The dynamic load-sharing coefficient (DLSC) is obtained
by using Runge–Kutta method. The influences of errors, backlash, support
clearance, spline clearance, torsional stiffness and support stiffness on
DLSC were analyzed, and the biggest factors affecting dynamic load-sharing
performance were found out. The results show that the influence of the
backlash of the two-stage herringbone gear pair on the DLSC is more sensitive.
The influence of support clearance on the DLSC is less. The load-sharing
coefficient increases with the increase of the installation error and
eccentricity error, and the influence of the error of the two-stage gears on
the system load-sharing performance is the most sensitive. The torsional
stiffness has little effect on the load-sharing coefficient of one stage but
has great effect on the two-stage load-sharing coefficient. The influence of
support stiffness on the DLSC of two-stage is stronger. It provided a
theoretical basis for the dynamic stability optimization design of the
system.
Assimilation of Himawari-8 imager radiance data with the WRF-3DVAR system for the prediction of Typhoon Soudelor
Authors: Shen Feifei , Shu Aiqing , Li Hong , Xu Dongmei , Min Jinzhong
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Himawari-8 is a next-generation geostationary meteorological satellite launched by the Japan Meteorological Agency. It carries the Advanced Himawari
Imager (AHI) on board, which can continuously monitor high-impact weather
events with high frequency in space and time. The assimilation of AHI radiance data was implemented with the three-dimensional variational data
assimilation system (3DVAR) of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model for the analysis and prediction of Typhoon Soudelor (2015) in the Pacific typhoon season. The effective assimilation of AHI radiance data in improving the forecast of the tropical cyclone during its rapid intensification has been realized. The results show that, after assimilating the AHI radiance data under clear-sky conditions, the typhoon position in the background field of the model was effectively corrected compared with the control experiment without AHI radiance data assimilation. It is found that the assimilation of AHI radiance data is able to improve the analyses of the water vapor and wind in a typhoon's inner-core region. The analyses and forecasts of the minimum sea level pressure, the maximum surface wind, and the track of the typhoon are further improved.
Atmospheric conditions leading to an exceptional fatal flash flood in the Negev Desert, Israel
Authors: Dayan Uri , Lensky Itamar M. , Ziv Baruch , Khain Pavel
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The study deals with an intense rainstorm that hit the Middle East between 24 and 27 April 2018 and took the lives of 13 people, 10 of them on 26 April during the deadliest flash flood in Tzafit Basin (31.0∘ N, 35.3∘ E), the Negev Desert. The rainfall observed in the southern Negev was comparable to the long-term annual rainfall there, with intensities exceeding a 75-year return period. The timing of the storm, at the end of the rainy season when rain is relatively rare and spotty, raises the question of what the atmospheric conditions were that made this rainstorm one of the most severe late-spring storms. The synoptic background was an upper-level cut-off low that formed south of a blocking high which developed over eastern Europe. The cut-off low entered the Levant near 30∘ N latitude, slowed its movement from ∼10 to <5 m s−1 and so extended the duration of the storm over the region. The dynamic potential of the cut-off low, as estimated by its curvature vorticity, was the largest among the 12 late-spring rainstorms that occurred during the last 33 years. The lower levels were dominated by a cyclone centred over north-western Saudi Arabia, producing north-westerly winds that advected moist air from the Mediterranean inland. During the approach of the storm, the atmosphere over Israel became unstable, with instability indices reaching values favourable for thunderstorms (e.g. CAPE>1500 J kg−1, LI=4 K) and the precipitable water reaching 30 mm. The latter is explained by lower-level moisture advection from the Mediterranean and an additional contribution of mid-level moist air transport entering the region from the east. Three major rain centres were active over Israel during 26 April, only one of them was orographic and the other two were triggered by instability and mesoscale cyclonic centres. The build-up of the instability is explained by a negative upper-level temperature anomaly over the region caused by a northerly flow east of a blocking high that dominated eastern Europe and ground warming during several hours under clear skies. The intensity of this storm is attributed to an amplification of a mid-latitude disturbance which produced a cut-off low with its implied high relative vorticity, low upper-level temperatures and slow progression. All these, combined with the contribution of moisture supply, led to intense moist convection that prevailed over the region for 3 successive days.
Assessment of the spectral downward irradiance at the surface of the Mediterranean Sea using the radiative Ocean-Atmosphere Spectral Irradiance Model (OASIM)
Authors: Lazzari Paolo , Salon Stefano , Terzić Elena , Gregg Watson W. , D'Ortenzio Fabrizio , Vellucci Vincenzo , Organelli Emanuele , Antoine David
Published: May 2021

Abstract. A multiplatform assessment of the Ocean–Atmosphere Spectral
Irradiance Model (OASIM) radiative model focussed on the Mediterranean Sea
for the period 2004–2017 is presented. The BOUée pour l'acquiSition
d'une Série Optique à Long termE (BOUSSOLE) mooring and
biogeochemical Argo (BGC-Argo) float optical sensor observations are
combined with model outputs to analyse the spatial and temporal
variabilities in the downward planar irradiance at the ocean–atmosphere
interface. The correlations between the data and model are always higher
than 0.6. With the exception of downward photosynthetic active radiation and
the 670 nm channel, correlation values are always higher than 0.8 and, when
removing the inter-daily variability, they are higher than 0.9. At the scale
of the BOUSSOLE sampling (15 min temporal resolution), the root mean
square difference oscillates at approximately 30 %–40 % of
the averaged model output and is reduced to approximately 10 % when the
variability between days is filtered out. Both BOUSSOLE and BGC-Argo
indicate that bias is up to 20 % for the irradiance at 380 and 412 nm and for wavelengths above 670 nm, whereas it decreases to less than 5 %
at the other wavelengths. Analysis of atmospheric input data indicates that
the model skill is strongly affected by cloud dynamics. High skills are
observed during summer when the cloud cover is low.
On the circulation, water mass distribution, and nutrient concentrations of the western Chukchi Sea
Authors: Clement Kinney Jaclyn , Assmann Karen M. , Maslowski Wieslaw , Björk Göran , Jakobsson Martin , Jutterström Sara , Lee Younjoo J. , Osinski Robert , Semiletov Igor , Ulfsbo Adam , Wåhlström Irene , Anderson Leif G.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Substantial amounts of nutrients and carbon enter the Arctic Ocean from the Pacific Ocean through Bering Strait, distributed over three main pathways. Water with low salinities and nutrient concentrations takes an eastern route along the Alaskan coast, as Alaskan Coastal Water. A central pathway exhibits intermediate salinity and nutrient concentrations, while the most nutrient-rich water enters Bering Strait on its western side. Towards the Arctic Ocean the flow of these water masses is subject to strong topographic steering within the Chukchi Sea with volume transports modulated by the wind field. In this contribution we use data from several sections crossing Herald Canyon collected in 2008 and 2014 together with numerical modeling to investigate the circulation and transport in the western part of the Chukchi Sea. We find that a substantial fraction of water from the Chukchi Sea enters the East Siberian Sea south of Wrangel Island and circulates in an anticyclonic direction around the island. This water then contributes to the high nutrient waters of Herald Canyon. The bottom of the canyon has the highest nutrient concentrations, likely as a result of addition from the degradation of organic matter at the sediment surface in the East Siberian Sea. The flux of nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) and dissolved inorganic carbon in Bering Summer Water and Winter Water is computed by combining hydrographic and nutrient observations with geostrophic transports referenced to LADCP and surface drift data. Even if there are some general similarities between the years, there are differences in both the temperature-salinity and nutrient characteristics. To assess these differences, and also to get a wider temporal and spatial view, numerical modeling results are applied. According to model results, high frequency variability dominates the flow in Herald Canyon. This leads us to conclude that this region needs to be monitored over a longer time frame to deduce the temporal variability and potential trends.
Rock alteration at the post-Variscan nonconformity: implications for Carboniferous–Permian surface weathering versus burial diagenesis and paleoclimate evaluation
Authors: Liang Fei , Niu Jun , Linsel Adrian , Hinderer Matthias , Scheuvens Dirk , Petschick Rainer
Published: May 2021

Abstract. A nonconformity refers to a hiatal surface located
between metamorphic or igneous rocks and overlying sedimentary or volcanic
rocks. These surfaces are key features with respect to understanding the relations among
climate, lithosphere and tectonic movements during ancient times. In this
study, the petrological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of
Variscan basement rock as well as its overlying Permian volcano-sedimentary
succession from a drill core in the Sprendlinger Horst, Germany, are analyzed
by means of polarization microscopy, and environmental scanning electron
microscope, X-Ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry analyses. In the gabbroic diorite of the basement,
the intensity of micro- and macro-fractures increases towards the top,
indicating an intense physical weathering. The overlying Permian volcanic
rock is a basaltic andesite that shows less intense physical weathering
compared with the gabbroic diorite. In both segments, secondary minerals are
dominated by illite and a mixed-layer phase of illite and smectite (I–S). The
corrected chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the plagioclase index of
alteration (PIA) indicate an intermediate to unweathered degree in the
gabbroic diorite and an extreme to unweathered degree in the basaltic
andesite. The τ values for both basaltic andesite and gabbroic diorite
indicate an abnormal enrichment of K, Rb and Cs that cannot be observed in
the overlying Permian sedimentary rocks. Accompanying minerals such as
adularia suggest subsequent overprint by (K-rich) fluids during burial
diagenesis which promoted the conversion from smectite to illite. The
overall order of element depletion in both basaltic andesite and gabbroic
diorite during the weathering process is as follows: large-ion lithophile
elements (LILEs) > rare earth elements (REEs) > high-field-strength elements (HFSEs). Concerning the REEs, heavy rare earth elements
(HREEs) are less depleted than light rare earth elements (LREEs). Our study
shows that features of supergene physical and chemical paleo-weathering are
well conserved at the post-Variscan nonconformity despite hypogene
alteration. Both can be distinguished by characteristic minerals and
geochemical indices. Based on these results, a new workflow to eliminate
distractions for paleoclimate evaluation and evolution is developed.
OPTIMIZING THE COSTS OF THE ORGANIZATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Drozdova O.R. , Semenova G.N.
Published: May 2021

The relevance of the article lies in the analysis and development of proposals for optimizing the costs of an organization in a pandemic. In the context of the 2020 pandemic many businesses have suffered and action needs to be taken to continue operating. This problem can be solved in several ways, namely by increasing sales and reducing costs.
Ronda en 'Al-Muqtabis' 2b y 2c
Authors: Crego Gómez María
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo ofrece la edición y traducción de los textos relativos a Ronda presentes en el volumen 2 de Al-Muqtabis de Ibn Ḥayyān. La relevancia del manuscrito M2b, publicado por la R.A.H., hace que sea posible contribuir con un nuevo análisis textual al conocimiento del período del emirato Omeya, en este caso a través de las noticias sobre Ronda. Y, por otro lado, dado que no existe una versión en español, se ofrecen los textos traducidos relativos a esta circunscripción andalusí incorporados en el M2c.
Migración árabe a Barranquilla: el caso de Elías Muvdi
Authors: De Moya-Guerra Laura Carolina , Vidal Ortega Antonino
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo intenta reconstruir la trayectoria comercial del inmigrante palestino Elías Muvdi Chajuan, quien arribó a Barranquilla a inicios del siglo XX. Trabajamos los protocolos notariales del Archivo Histórico del Atlántico para hacer seguimiento a sus registros comerciales. Ello nos permitió acercarnos a los negocios que emprendió y entender la amplia red comercial que tejió. Al igual que muchos inmigrantes árabes inició su actividad económica con la compra y venta de mercancías, sin embargo, otros negocios como la finca raíz y el préstamo de dinero terminaron por consolidarse como sus activos más valiosos. La familia y sus vínculos con Palestina fueron piezas importantes de su trayectoria comercial.
El componente lúdico en la enseñanza del árabe como lengua extranjera
Authors: Lucena Romero Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2021

En el terreno de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, la aplicación de actividades lúdicas en el aula se ha convertido en los últimos años en motivo de interés para docentes e investigadores. En el presente artículo, nos centramos en los aspectos teóricos que más influyen en el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras a través del componente lúdico y en especial explicamos el caso de la lengua árabe. Asimismo, en este trabajo presentamos una serie de juegos didácticos que pueden emplear los profesores de lengua árabe, sobre todo, para mejorar la expresión oral, para reforzar la escritura y para fomentar la motivación y la participación activa del alumnado.
Samar Yazbek: el compromiso de una autora siria contemporánea
Authors: Spadoni Giulia
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer la biografía y obra literaria de la autora y periodista siria Samar Yazbek (Latakia, 1970). Su obra se compone de textos que pertenecen a distintos géneros literarios y hablan abiertamente de la sociedad siria desde una perspectiva interna y con un enfoque de género. La autora explora en profundidad las creencias y las costumbres de la sociedad siria, tratando explícitamente temas tabúes sociales y políticos, y criticando el poder de la dictadura como mano invisible que impide el progreso de la sociedad. Asimismo, describe la condición de las mujeres a través de una búsqueda continua del significado y del papel que asumen en la sociedad siria contemporánea. Su obra completa es un ejemplo de literatura dirigida hacia el empoderamiento de las mujeres. Esta es la razón por la que enfocamos el estudio de la misma, por un lado, desde la perspectiva ginocrítica, la teoría de crítica literaria feminista propuesta por la estadounidense Elaine Showalter (1979), y por otro lado, desde los estudios de la memoria. A lo largo del análisis se pueden comprobar los diferentes matices y los cambios que han tenido lugar en la escritura de Samar Yazbek antes y después del principio de la Revolución de 2011.
Recuperación y reciclaje de la cultura popular del tardofranquismo en la televisión de los años 90
Authors: Gil Vázquez Asier , Lomas Martínez Santiago
Published: May 2021

La llegada de la televisión privada a España inicia un nuevo modelo de televisión caracterizado por la lucha por las audiencias, donde se priorizan los contenidos de entretenimiento. En este artículo, se pretende evidenciar cómo en este nuevo contexto se recuperan creadores y estrellas de gran éxito en el audiovisual del tardofranquismo que habían perdido centralidad mediática en los ochenta, entendidos como garantes de éxitos mayoritarios. En dicho fenómeno, distinguimos sobre todo dos tendencias: el reciclaje de profesionales polivalentes y la recuperación de profesionales simbólicamente exiliados. España se incorpora así a las lógicas globales de la televisión privada, con frecuencia hibridando géneros y formatos transnacionales con destacados referentes de marcado carácter nacional
La represión a las tiras cómicas de los periódicos en los Estados Unidos (1890-1945)
Authors: Fernández Sarasola Ignacio
Published: May 2021

Las tiras cómicas llegaron a ser muy populares desde finales del siglo XIX, convirtiéndose en una de las principales secciones de los periódicos, habida cuenta de contar diariamente con millones de lectores. Sin embargo, bibliotecarios, intelectuales y líderes morales dieron comienzo a una campaña contra esa forma de expresión artística, cuestionando tanto su forma como su contenido. En el fondo de tal crítica subyacía un punto de vista elitista, renuente a aceptar un nuevo medio de comunicación. Los periódicos trataron de oponerse a esta campaña, ya que obtenían pingües beneficios de las tiras cómicas, pero algunos finalmente aceptaron las críticas y eliminaron sus tiras a fin de proporcionar una mejor imagen de su contenido
Gobernanza del sistema mediático cubano. Un estudio del marco regulatorio sobre comunicación desde 1959 hasta 2018
Authors: Sosa Valcárcel Aimiris , Aguilera Hintelholher Rina M. , Castro-Martínez Andrea
Published: May 2021

Esta investigación caracteriza el sistema mediático cubano, a partir del estudio del marco regulatorio instaurado en el país durante cerca de 60 años. Se utiliza un diseño metodológico mixto de dos etapas para realizar un análisis de la normativa, a través del software cualitativo Atlas.ti. Los resultados indican que la regulación mediática es desarrollada principalmente por los poderes ejecutivo y político, y que la garantía de los derechos fundamentales relacionados con los medios de comunicación –la libertad de expresión, la autonomía editorial, el derecho a la información, o la independencia del sistema regulador– se encuentra sujeta a las condiciones que establece el sistema único de propiedad estatal y al control que sobre los medios ejerce el partido comunista.