bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The correlation between the serum insulin-like growth factor 1 level and body weight in children with a height less than the 10th percentile
Authors: Wen Xianglan , Tang Qiong , Yang Yican
Published: May 2021

Introduction

This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and body weight and provide some bases for the clinical judgment of the influencing factors on children's height.

Material and methods

A total of 333 children with a height of less than the 10th percentile were enrolled in this study. Among these children, 212 were male and 121 were female. The age of these children ranged within 5-14-years-old. Serum IGF-1 level was detected and the Z-scores (SDS) of the children’s height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. The correlation among the factors was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis.

Results

Age, body weight, body weight SDS, BMI and BMI SDS were all correlated with the serum IGF-1 level (P<0.0001). There was also a strong correlation between body weight and the serum IGF-1 level (r=0.718)and a weak correlation between the serum IGF-1 level and body weight SDS (r=0.359). BMI SDS was weakly correlated with serum IGF-1 (r=0.258). The correlation coefficients of age and BMI with serum IGF-1 were 0.622 and 0.536, respectively.

Conclusions

The correlation between body weight and the serum IGF-1 level is not high and it can provide some basis for the clinical judgment of the influencing factors on children's height. However, it is not the main factor affecting height.
Glabridin from licorice alleviates vascular inflammation
and promotes vascular remodeling of the left anterior
descending coronary artery in diabetic rat heart
Authors: Matsathit Udomlak , Khimmaktong Wipapan
Published: May 2021

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of glabridin on vascular inflammation and vascular remodeling of the left anterior
descending artery (LAD) in diabetic rat heart.

Material and methods

Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups:
(1) control rats; (2) glabridin control rats that received diet supplemented
with glabridin (CGB); (3) diabetic rats (STZ); (4) diabetic rats that received
a supplemented with glabridin (STZ + GB) 40 mg/kg BW; and (5) diabetic
rats treated with glyburide (STZ + GR) 4 mg/kg BW. Diabetic animals were
rendered diabetic by injection of a single dose (60 mg/kg BW) of streptozotocin (STZ). After 8 weeks, the biochemical markers of oxidative stress were
assessed. The three-dimensional morphology of LAD was examined by vascular corrosion casting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied
to determine the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β proteins. Western blot and
immunofluorescence analysis were used to detect the expression of VEGF
and TGF-β1 secretions.

Results

The lumen diameter of the LAD was notably smaller and stenotic.
LAD analysis revealed arterial notch and evolved irregular caliber. Moreover,
neovascularization appeared and was extensive. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity levels of heart
tissue were significantly decreased and levels of malondialdehyde were
found to be elevated in STZ rats whereas they were improved in the STZ
+ GB group. Increased expression levels of VEGF, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β
proteins in heart tissues were observed in the STZ group. The inflammation
cytokine levels were decreased in the STZ + GB group.

Conclusions

These results revealed that glabridin was able to reduce LAD
and heart tissue damage. Glabridin can be an antioxidant and can reduce the
pathology of the LAD in terms of reducing inflammation and restoring condition of the LAD. It would be beneficial in examining the role of glabridin as
a therapeutic aim in diabetes treatment research in coronary artery disease.
SARS-COV-2 E LESÃO CARDÍACA: A RELAÇÃO ENTRE BIOMARCADORES E PROGNÓSTICO
Authors: Cunha Rafael Xavier , DE ANDRADE ISABELA ABUD , BRANDÃO JOANA BADER SADALA , SANTOS MARIA EDUARDA ALENCAR , RODRIGUEZ PAULA CRISTINA RIOS
Published: May 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: A pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus tornou-se o epicentro dos esforços em estudos científicos a fim de compreender os mecanismos fisiopatológicos que levam a desfechos, em muitos casos, tão graves. É sabido que a presença da enzima conversora da angiotensina 2 (ECA2) presente em vários órgãos como rins, fígado, pulmões e coração levanta um alerta para o potencial causador de falência múltipla de órgãos. A partir do conhecimento prévio desse potencial de lesão em vários órgãos, foram realizados estudos a fim de compreender qual o papel que a infecção pelo Sars-CoV-2 desempenha na lesão cardíaca. OBJETIVO: Compreender as relações dos biomarcadores de lesão cardíaca a fim de alertar sobre a importância da avaliação cardíaca dos pacientes com Covid-19. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO, selecionando artigos publicados entre 2019 e 2021, com adoção de palavras chaves como “COVID-19”, “marcadores cardíacos” e “lesão cardíaca”. RESULTADOS: A lesão cardíaca aguda está diretamente relacionada à gravidade da Covid-19 e associada a um risco de mortalidade 4 vezes maior. Marcadores cardíacos, como CK-MB, NT-proBNP e troponina I, indicam lesão cardíaca durante a infecção pelo novo coronavírus. É sabido que o aumento dos níveis séricos desses biomarcadores em pacientes com Covid-19 advém de um cenário de intensas lesões celulares do miocárdio, tendo como fatores causais a hipoxemia e reação intensa do sistema imune em resposta a chuva de citocinas gerada pela ação viral. Estudos apontam que a troponina I está mais elevada em pacientes infectados com Sars-CoV-2 em quadro grave quando comparados aos quadros leves, apresentando um risco 80% maior de morte. Além disso, evidenciou-se casos de tamponamento cardíaco e miocardite fulminante após infecção por Covid19. Avaliações de mudanças dinâmicas em hsTnl e NT-proBNP mostram elevação dos biomarcadores de lesão cardíaca durante o período de hospitalização e elevação imediata após a morte, sugerindo danos cardíacos preexistentes a síndrome de disfunção de diversos órgãos. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se a necessidade de medição longitudinal de biomarcadores de danos cardíacos, proporcionado a descoberta de um subgrupo de pacientes com dano cardíaco e, dessa forma, prever progressão de Covid-19 para um quadro grave.
Role-Based Embedded Domain-Specific Language for Collaborative Multi-Agent Systems through Blockchain Technology
Authors: Oruc Orcun
Published: May 2021

Multi-agent systems have evolved with their complexities over the past few decades. To create multi-agent systems, developers should understand the design, analysis, and implementation together. Agent-oriented software engineering applies best practices through mainly software agents with abstraction levels in the multi-agent systems. However, abstraction levels take a considerable amount of time due to the design complexity and adversity of the analysis phase before implementing them. Moreover, trust and security of multi-agent systems have never been detailed in the design and analysis phase even though the implementation of trust and security on the tamper-proof data are necessary for developers. Nonetheless, object-oriented programming is the right way to do it, when implementing complex software agents, one of the major problems is that the object-oriented programming approach still has a complex process-interaction and a burden of event-goal combination to represent actions by multi-agents. Designated roles with their relationships, invariants, and constraints of roles can be constructed based on blockchain contracts between agents. Furthermore, in the case of new agents who participate in an agent network, decentralization and transparency are two key parameters, which agents can exchange trusted information and reach a consensus aspect of roles. This study will take the software agent development as a whole with analysis, design, and development with role-object pattern in terms of smart contract applications. In this paper, we aim to propose a role-based domain-specific language that enables smart contracts which can be used in agent-oriented frameworks. Furthermore, we would like to refer to methodology, results of the research, and case study to enlighten readers in a better way. Finally, we summarize findings and highlight the main research points by inferencing in the conclusion section.
O Trabalho docente: fundamentos de precarização e proletarização presentes na política nacional e seus reflexos na região dos inconfidentes-mg (1964-2017)
Authors: Silva Marcelo , Borges Glauber
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a problemática da precarização e proletarização do trabalho docente no contexto político da microrregião dos Inconfidentes. Percebe-se que a docência no Ensino Básico nacional tem passado por um processo de transformação, que tem seu início pós-promulgação da LDB 4024/61 e se estende até os dias atuais. Buscou-se analisar as transformações políticas e educacionais que ocorreram no Brasil, do período ditatorial até a reforma do Estado e das políticas públicas nos anos de 1990 à 2017. Entende-se que, com a mudança no cenário político brasileiro para educação, essa influenciou e tem influenciado professores/as e futuros/as professores/as em avaliar negativamente a condição real da profissão, fato que externaliza o problema da precarização e proletarização, questão fortemente marcada em tempos de pandemia. Com base na análise bibliográfica e documental, essa análise terá como referencial metodológico o caráter qualitativo e quantitativo da produção. Entende-se que essa proposta metodológica é fundamental porque auxiliará na análise das fontes do período em questão e na produção acadêmica acerca do tema, para demonstrar o processo histórico e as medidas que possibilitaram a reformulação do trabalho docente. Para responder sobre essa transformação do ensino básico, busca-se analisar o panorama histórico da educação brasileira, no sentido de demonstrar que as mudanças nas políticas públicas impactam diretamente na realidade escolar de Mariana e Ouro Preto, no que tange a atuação dos e das professores e professoras no contexto escolar da região.
A Base Nacional Comum Curricular e a Educação Básica
Authors: Nicoletti Lucas Portilho , Nunes Cesar Adriano Ribeiro , Nicoletti Arlete Guisso Scaramuzza Portilho
Published: May 2021

A Base Nacional Comum Curricular é um documento normativo, voltado para a construção de currículos e propostas pedagógicas na Educação Básica. Trabalha com os conceitos de aprendizagens essenciais, competências e educação integral. Tem por objetivo diminuir as desigualdades educacionais e sociais no imenso território brasileiro, via educação, colocando o estudante no centro de todo o processo educacional. A Base sofre inúmeras críticas de diversos setores e atores, porém é um documento homologado pelo Ministério da Educação e deve ser cumprido. A Educação Básica está dividida em três etapas: Educação Infantil, Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio, oito modalidades de ensino e três princípios norteadores. As escolas de Educação Básica precisam construir seus currículos, suas propostas e práticas pedagógicas a partir deste novo marco referencial, mesmo observando que nenhum professor ou professora que atua no nível escolar da Educação Básica teve sua formação inicial pautada nos paradigmas da BNCC. Neste sentido, o nosso objetivo central é apresentar e discutir a Base Nacional Comum Curricular, enquanto documento normativo, além de caracterizar a Educação Básica.
A Educação em tempos de pandemia: primeiras aproximações
Authors: Carvalho Emanuel Mangueira
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar e problematizar a realidade educacional das escolas e dos alunos no tocante as necessidades estruturais e materiais, que são essenciais para garantir a oferta da Educação de qualidade na modalidade remota de ensino, que é o recurso utilizado nesse momento de pandemia do coronavírus para a oferta da educação. Para isso, o artigo iniciou o assunto apresentando a definição e as características das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC). Em seguida, o artigo abordou a definição de Educação, os avanços da Educação na última década do século XX e nas duas primeiras décadas do Século XXI, momento em que também ocorreu um retrocesso nos investimento da Educação com a aprovação de Proposta de Emenda Constitucional. Por último, foram apresentadas e problematizadas as informações que mostram a realidade da educação pública, no tocante as condições de acesso a recursos tecnológicos da TIC e do acesso a internet, uma vez que esses são requisitos essenciais para garantir, na modalidade remota de ensino utilizada na pandemia, a educação de qualidade para os alunos.
Da “Ordem” ao Caos: a falácia da educação atual frente à demanda de construção de novos paradigmas educacionais
Authors: Silveira Rosangela Alves da , Souza Ediléia Alves Mendes
Published: May 2021

RESUMO
            O artigo busca analisar a abrupta disruptura efetivada nas práticas de ensino e de aprendizagem costumeiramente consideradas na tradição pedagógica e formativa atual, em razão da pandemia da COVID 19. Destaca as causas e os impactos desta realidade e aponta as contradições e desafios para os professores formadores, para a pesquisa pedagógica e para a organização de novos paradigmas de educação e de ensino. Apresenta a potencialidade crítica da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica para a radiografia do presente momento e para a possibilidade de sua superação.
ABSTRACT
            The article seeks to analyze the abrupt disruption effected in teaching and learning practices usually considered in the current pedagogical and training tradition, due to the pandemic of COVID 19. It highlights the causes and impacts of this reality and points out the contradictions and challenges for teacher educators , for pedagogical research and for the organization of new education and teaching paradigms. It presents the critical potential of Historical-Critical Pedagogy for the radiography of the present moment and for the possibility of overcoming it.
Smoke-charged vortices in the stratosphere generated by wildfires and their behaviour in both hemispheres: comparing Australia 2020 to Canada 2017
Authors: Lestrelin Hugo , Legras Bernard , Podglajen Aurélien , Salihoglu Mikail
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The two most intense wildfires of the last decade that took place in Canada in 2017 and Australia in 2019–2020 were followed by large injections of
smoke into the stratosphere due to pyro-convection. After the Australian
event, Khaykin et al. (2020) and Kablick et al. (2020) discovered that part of this smoke self-organized as anticyclonic confined vortices that rose in the mid-latitude stratosphere up to 35 km. Based on
Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations and the ERA5 reanalysis, this new study analyses the Canadian case and finds, similarly, that a large plume had penetrated the
stratosphere by 12–13 August 2017 and then became trapped within a mesoscale anticyclonic structure that travelled across the Atlantic. It then broke
into three offspring that could be followed until mid-October, performing three round-the-world journeys and rising up to 23 km. We analyse
the dynamical structure of the vortices produced by these two wildfires and demonstrate how the assimilation of the real temperature and ozone
data from instruments measuring the signature of the vortices explains the appearance and maintenance of the vortices in the constructed
dynamical fields. We propose that these vortices can be seen as bubbles of small, almost vanishing, potential vorticity and smoke carried vertically
across the stratification from the troposphere inside the middle stratosphere by their internal heating, against the descending flux of the
Brewer–Dobson circulation.
Interactions of organosulfates with water vapor under sub- and supersaturated conditions
Authors: Peng Chao , Razafindrambinina Patricia N. , Malek Kotiba A. , Chen Lanxiadi , Wang Weigang , Huang Ru-Jin , Zhang Yuqing , Ding Xiang , Ge Maofa , Wang Xinming , Asa-Awuku Akua A. , Tang Mingjin
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Organosulfates (OSs) are important constituents of secondary organic
aerosols, but their hygroscopic properties and cloud condensation nucleation
(CCN) activities have not been well understood. In this work we employed
three complementary techniques to characterize interactions of several OSs
with water vapor under sub- and supersaturated conditions. A vapor sorption
analyzer was used to measure mass changes in OS samples with relative humidity (RH, 0 %–90 %);
among the 11 organosulfates examined, only sodium methyl sulfate
(methyl-OS), sodium ethyl sulfate (ethyl-OS), sodium octyl sulfate
(octyl-OS) and potassium hydroxyacetone sulfate were found to deliquesce as
RH increased, and their mass growth factors at 90 % RH were determined to
be 3.65 ± 0.06, 3.58 ± 0.02, 1.59 ± 0.01 and 2.20 ± 0.03. Hygroscopic growth of methyl-, ethyl- and octyl-OS aerosols was also
studied using a humidity tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA);
continuous hygroscopic growth was observed, and their growth factors at
90 % RH were determined to be 1.83 ± 0.03, 1.79 ± 0.02 and
1.21 ± 0.02. We further investigated CCN activities of methyl-, ethyl-
and octyl-OS aerosols, and their single hygroscopicity parameters (κccn) were determined to be 0.459 ± 0.021, 0.397 ± 0.010 and 0.206 ± 0.008. For methyl- and ethyl-OS aerosols, κccn
values agree reasonably well with those derived from H-TDMA measurements
(κgf) with relative differences being < 25 %, whereas
κccn was found to be ∼ 2.4 times larger than
κgf for octyl-OS, likely due to both the solubility limit and
surface tension reduction.
First assessment of the earth heat inventory within CMIP5 historical simulations
Authors: Cuesta-Valero Francisco José , García-García Almudena , Beltrami Hugo , Finnis Joel
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere over the last century has caused an accumulation of heat within the ocean, the continental subsurface, the atmosphere and the cryosphere. Although ∼90 % of the energy gained by the climate system has been stored in the ocean, the other components of the Earth heat inventory cannot be neglected due to their influence on associated climate processes dependent on heat storage, such as sea level rise and permafrost stability. However, there has not been a comprehensive assessment of the heat inventory within global climate simulations yet. Here, we explore the ability of 30 advanced general circulation models (GCMs) from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to simulate the distribution of heat within the Earth's energy reservoirs for the period 1972–2005 of the Common Era. CMIP5 GCMs simulate an average heat storage of 247±172 ZJ (96±4 % of total heat content) in the ocean, 5±9 ZJ (2±3 %) in the continental subsurface, 2±3 ZJ (1±1 %) in the cryosphere and 2±2 ZJ (1±1 %) in the atmosphere. However, the CMIP5 ensemble overestimates the ocean heat content by 83 ZJ and underestimates the continental heat storage by 9 ZJ and the cryosphere heat content by 5 ZJ, in comparison with recent observations. The representation of terrestrial ice masses and the continental subsurface, as well as the response of each model to the external forcing, should be improved in order to obtain better representations of the Earth heat inventory and the partition of heat among climate subsystems in global transient climate simulations.
Historical cartographic and topo-bathymetric database on the French Rhône River (17th–20th century)
Authors: Arnaud Fanny , Sehen Chanu Lalandy , Grillot Jules , Riquier Jérémie , Piégay Hervé , Roux-Michollet Dad , Carrel Georges , Olivier Jean-Michel
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Space and time analyses of channel changes, especially within large rivers
subject to high levels of human impact, are critical to address multiple
questions about rivers in the Anthropocene era. The reconstruction of
long-term (> 150 year) evolutionary trajectories permits an
understanding of how natural and anthropogenic factors impact
hydromorphological and ecological processes in rivers, helps with the design
of sustainable management and restoration options, and may also help in the
assessment of future changes. However, the reconstruction of channel changes
can be challenging: historical data are often scattered across many
archives, and the quantity and accuracy of information generally decreases
as one goes back in time. This data article provides a historical database
of 350 cartographic and topo-bathymetric resources on the French Rhône
River (530 km in length) compiled from the 17th to mid-20th
century, with a temporal focus prior to extensive river training (1860s).
The data were collected in 14 national, regional, and departmental archive
services. A table describes the properties of each archived data item and
its associated iconographic files. Some of the historical maps are available
in a georeferenced format. A GIS layer enables one-click identification of
all archive data available for a given reach of the French Rhône River.
This database provides substantial new material for deeper analyses of
channel changes over a longer time period and at a finer time step compared
with previously available data. The database has several potential
applications in geomorphology, retrospective hydraulic modelling, historical
ecology, and river restoration, as well as permitting comparisons with other
multi-impacted rivers worldwide. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922437 (Arnaud et al., 2020a). Iconographic extracts of the
350 archived items are available at http://photo.driihm.fr/index.php/category/52 (last access: 2 May 2021).
Estimating global land system impacts of timber plantations using MAgPIE 4.3.2
Authors: Mishra Abhijeet , Humpenöder Florian , Dietrich Jan Philipp , Bodirsky Benjamin Leon , Sohngen Brent , Reyer Christopher P. O. , Lotze-Campen Hermann , Popp Alexander
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Out of 1150 Mha of forests designated primarily for production purposes in 2020, plantations account for 11 % (131 Mha) of area and fulfilled more than 33 % of the global industrial roundwood demand. Yet, adding additional timber plantations to meet increasing timber demand increases competition for scarce land resources between different land-uses for food, feed, livestock and timber production. Despite their significance in roundwood production, the importance of timber plantations in meeting the long-term timber demand and the implications of plantation expansion for overall land-use dynamics have not been studied in detail so far, in particular not the competition for land between agriculture and forestry in existing land-use models. This paper describes the extension of the modular, open-source land-system Model of Agricultural Production and its Impact on the Environment (MAgPIE) by a detailed representation of forest land, timber production and timber demand dynamics. These extensions allow for understanding the land-use dynamics (including competition for land) and associated land-use change emissions of timber production. We show that the spatial cropland patterns differ when timber production is accounted for, indicating that timber plantations compete with cropland for the same scarce land resources. When plantations are established on cropland, it causes cropland expansion and deforestation elsewhere. As a result of increasing timber demand, we show an increase in plantations area by 140 % until the end of the century (+132 Mha in 1995–2100). We also observe in our model results that the increasing demand for timber increases scarcity of land, and causes intensification through yield increasing technological change by 117 % in croplands by 2100 relative to 1995. Through the inclusion of new forest plantation and natural forest dynamics, our estimates of land-related CO2 emissions match better with observed data in particular the gross land-use change emissions and carbon uptake (via regrowth), reflecting higher deforestation for expansion of managed land and timber production, and higher regrowth in natural forests as well as plantations.
Early Cenozoic Eurekan strain partitioning and decoupling in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard
Authors: Koehl Jean-Baptiste P.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The present study of field, petrological, exploration well, and seismic data
describes backward-dipping duplexes comprised of phyllitic coal and
bedding-parallel décollements and thrusts localized along lithological
transitions in tectonically thickened Lower Devonian to lowermost Upper Devonian;
uppermost Devonian–Mississippian; and uppermost Pennsylvanian–lowermost
Permian sedimentary strata of the Wood Bay and/or Wijde Bay and/or Grey Hoek
formations; of the Billefjorden Group; and of the Wordiekammen Formation,
respectively. The study shows that these structures partially decoupled
uppermost Devonian–Permian sedimentary rocks of the Billefjorden and
Gipsdalen groups from Lower Devonian to lowermost Upper Devonian rocks of the
Andrée Land Group and Mimerdalen Subgroup during early Cenozoic Eurekan
deformation in central Spitsbergen. Eurekan strain decoupling along these
structures explains differential deformation between Lower Devonian to lowermost Upper Devonian rocks of the Andrée Land Group and/or Mimerdalen Subgroup and
overlying uppermost Devonian–Permian sedimentary strata of the Billefjorden
and Gipsdalen groups in central–northern Spitsbergen without requiring an
episode of (Ellesmerian) contraction in the Late Devonian. Potential
formation mechanisms for bedding-parallel décollements and thrusts
include shortcut faulting and/or formation as a roof décollement in a
fault-bend hanging wall (or ramp) anticline, as an imbricate fan, as an
antiformal thrust stack, and/or as fault-propagation folds over
reactivated or overprinted basement-seated faults. The interpretation of
seismic data in Reindalspasset indicates that Devonian sedimentary rocks of
the Andrée Land Group and Mimerdalen Subgroup might be preserved east of
the Billefjorden Fault Zone, suggesting that the Billefjorden Fault Zone did
not accommodate reverse movement in the Late Devonian. Hence, the thrusting
of Proterozoic basement rocks over Lower Devonian sedimentary rocks along
the Balliolbreen Fault and fold structures within strata of the Andrée
Land Group and Mimerdalen Subgroup in central Spitsbergen may be explained
by a combination of down-east Carboniferous normal faulting with associated
footwall rotation and exhumation, and subsequent top-west early Cenozoic
Eurekan thrusting along the Billefjorden Fault Zone. Finally, the study
shows that major east-dipping faults, like the Billefjorden Fault Zone, may
consist of several discrete, unconnected (soft-linked and/or stepping) or,
most probably, offset fault segments that were reactivated or overprinted to
varying degrees during Eurekan deformation due to strain partitioning and/or
decoupling along sub-orthogonal NNE-dipping reverse faults.
Climate change and Northern Hemisphere lake and river ice phenology from 1931–2005
Authors: Newton Andrew M. W. , Mullan Donal J.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. At high latitudes and altitudes one of the main controls
on hydrological and biogeochemical processes is the breakup and freeze-up of
lake and river ice. This study uses 3510 time series from across 678
Northern Hemisphere lakes and rivers to explore historical patterns in lake
and river ice phenology across five overlapping time periods (1931–1960,
1946–1975, 1961–1990, 1976–2005, and 1931–2005). These time series show that
the number of annual open-water days increased by 0.63 d per decade from
1931–2005 across the Northern Hemisphere, with trends for breakup and, to a
lesser extent, freeze-up closely correlating with regionally averaged
temperature. Breakup and freeze-up trends display a spatiotemporally complex
evolution and reveal considerable caveats with interpreting the implications
of ice phenology changes at lake and river sites that may only have breakup
or freeze-up data, rather than both. These results provide an important
contribution by showing regional variation in ice phenology trends through
time that can be hidden by longer-term trends. The overlapping 30-year time
periods also show evidence for an acceleration in warming trends through
time. Understanding the changes on both long- and short-term timescales will
be important for determining the causes of this change, the underlying
biogeochemical processes associated with it, and the wider climatological
significance as global temperatures rise.
High-resolution offshore wind resource assessment at turbine hub height with Sentinel-1 SAR data and machine learning
Authors: de Montera Louis , Berger Henrick , Husson Romain , Appelghem Pascal , Guerlou Laurent , Fragoso Mauricio
Published: May 2021

Abstract. This paper presents a method to calculate offshore wind power at turbine hub height from Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data using machine learning. The method is tested in two 70 km × 70 km areas off the Dutch coast where Lidar measurements are available. Firstly, SAR winds at surface level are improved with a machine learning algorithm using geometrical characteristics of the sensor and parameters related to the atmospheric stability extracted from a high-resolution numerical model. The wind speed bias at 10 m above sea level is reduced from −0.42 m s−1 to 0.02 m s−1 and its standard deviation from 1.41 m s−1 to 0.98 m s−1. After improvement, SAR surface winds are extrapolated at higher altitudes with a separate machine learning algorithm trained with the wind profiles measured by the Lidars. We show that, if profiling Lidars are available in the area of study, these two steps can be combined into a single one, in which the machine learning algorithm is trained directly at turbine hub height. Once the wind speed at turbine hub height is obtained, the extractible wind power is calculated using the method of the moments and a Weibull distribution. The results are given assuming an 8 MW turbine typical power curve. The accuracy of the wind power derived from SAR data is in the range ±3–4 % when compared with Lidars. Then, wind power maps at 200 m are presented and compared with the raw outputs of the numerical model at the same altitude. The maps based on SAR data have a much better level of detail, in particular regarding the coastal gradient. The new revealed patterns show differences with the numerical of as much as 10 % in some locations. We conclude that SAR data combined with a high-resolution numerical model and machine learning techniques can improve the wind power estimation at turbine hub height, and thus provide useful insights for optimizing wind farm siting and risk management.
Clinical column: Inclusion of orofacial myofunctional disorders content for
Communication Sciences and Disorders students
Authors:   Alabama A & M
            University, Reed Hope
Published: May 2021

Including orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMDs)-related content in
Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) curricula is vital to meeting the demands of
the profession. The author was prompted to investigate this issue further as a result of
her own observations of the resulting benefits from the past 12 years. Student training
continues to evolve in order to address this need. This article seeks to substantiate
the importance of this content and offer methods for inclusion and possible benefits.
The investigation revealed the important role OMDs can play in the preparation of
speech-language pathologists. University programs are encouraged to consider including
the fundamentals of OMDs in order to best meet the needs of public school students and
patients, as well as university students who are the future professionals. Appendices
containing related data and an outline of content that could be featured in a course or
workshop are provided.
Poster 2: Posterior lingual frenulum and breastfeeding
Authors:   Hospital Santa Therezinha,
            Brazil, Martinelli Roberta , Marchesan Irene ,   CEFAC, Brasil, Berretin-Felix Giedre
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The literature refers to ankyloglossia as anterior, when the lingual
frenulum is visible, and posterior, when the frenulum is not visible. Posterior
ankyloglossia is sometimes referred to as a submucosal tongue-tie. The anatomical
variations of the posterior ankyloglossia and its interference with tongue movements are
poorly described in the literature. Aim: The aim of this study is to verify the
occurrence of posterior lingual frenulum in infants and its interference with sucking
and swallowing during breastfeeding. Methods: This clinical study included 1084
newborns, who were assessed at 30 days of life, using the Lingual Frenulum Protocol for
Infants (LFPI). This study included healthy full-term infants, who were being
exclusively breastfed. Prematurity, perinatal complications, craniofacial anomalies,
neurological disorders, and visible genetics syndromes were the exclusion criteria. The
LFPI was administered to the infants, and the assessments were registered and
videotaped. Tongue movements, sucking rhythm, sucking/swallowing/ breathing
coordination, nipple chewing, and/or tongue clicking were assessed during nutritive and
non-nutritive sucking evaluations. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results: Of
the 1084 newborns, 479 (44.2%) had normal lingual frenulum; 380 (35%) had posterior
lingual frenulum; and 225 (20.8%) had lingual frenulum alterations. Infants with
posterior lingual frenulum did not have any restrictive tongue movement during sucking
and swallowing. Conclusion: The occurrence of posterior frenulum in this sample was 35%.
The posterior frenulum did not interfere with sucking and swallowing during
breastfeeding; therefore, surgery was not recommended for any of the subjects in this
sample.
Middle Eastern Tourism: A Macro and Micro Perspective
Authors: Walle Alf H. , Asgary Nader
Published: May 2021

The Middle East needs a thoughtful discussion regarding tourism and how to involve local communities and ethnic enclaves within this industry with an eye towards economic development, ecological preservation, and cultural empowerment. The proposed project will help the people of the Middle East to choose and implement appropriate tourism strategies that are sustainable and equitable. The focus is upon active engagement of local peoples to control their destinies in ways that simultaneously mesh with and reinforce national strategies in an equitable manner. Doing so will advance bottom-up development and is an excellent method of defusing potentially adversarial relationships while encouraging cooperation.
Influence of the Homeopathic Medicine, Arsenicum album, on Selected Biochemical Parameters of Avian and Mammalian Blood in vitro.
Authors: Yadav Meena , Yadav Mukta , Ranjan Lavanya
Published: May 2021

Spectroscopy has been established as the biological tool for diagnosis of serum to know the health of a person. In our study, we incubated chicken and goat blood with five doses (4%, 2%, 1.34%, 1% and 0.5%) of homeopathic medicine Arsenicum album-30C and their respective controls. The optical densities of the blood were measured and compared. In chicken blood, there was an increase in the amino acid levels, glucose metabolism and carboxyhemoglobin levels with 1.34%, 1% and 0.5% Arsenicum album as compared to control. Further, 1.34% Arsenicum album showed maximum therapeutic effects as it lowered protein breakdown, carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative stress and also lowered the levels of carboxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin after 30 minutes of incubation. With 1% Arsenicum album, there was reduced cellular breakdown, lowered carbohydrate metabolism and hemoglobin degradation after 30 minutes of incubation. Incubation of goat blood with 1.34% and 1% Arsenicum album increased the levels of carboxyhemoglobin but decreased the levels of amino acid and glucose metabolism. Arsenicum album showed healing effects, in goat blood, with only two doses i.e. 2% and 1%. After incubation with 2% and 1% Arsenicum album, the cellular breakdown was significantly lowered after 30 minutes and 60 minutes of incubation while the other doses of Arsenicum album did not show any therapeutic effects on the cellular components of blood but in fact induced deleterious effects.
Editorial
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: May 2021

The world we knew changed in an unprecedented way on 9th January, 2020 when the novel coronavirus disease was identified as the cause of pneumonia cases of unknown origin observed in Wuhan city of Hubei province in China. Within weeks, the world was in the grip of a global pandemic.
Crimes in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Arora Priti Mendiratta , Rao Ruchika , Agrawal Sanskriti
Published: May 2021

Due to the current pandemic, governments all over the world have given stay at home orders and have advised people to follow precautions like social distancing. These measures have a significant impact on our social, economic, and political setting which ultimately affects the volume and distribution of crimes worldwide. To understand the impact of social distancing policies on crime, we have compared the crime statistics during the pandemic (2020) with that of the previous year (2019) for the two metropolitan cities New Delhi, India, and New York, USA. We observe the trends of different types of crime and conclude that while crimes like residential burglaries have reduced, crimes like domestic violence have increased significantly. A rise in commercial burglaries1 was observed in New York whereas in New Delhi a decline was observed because of the presence of the police on roads. Furthermore, A decline in crimes like robbery, burglary, larceny, etc. was observed whereas a sharp increase was seen in the cases of domestic violence in both the cities.
国内外虚拟会展发展现状及可行性分析
Authors: 吴 霖影 , 杨 国梁
Published: May 2021

随着经济全球化的趋势深入发展，会展为来自全球各地的参展商提供了一个将商品和服务推销给大规模潜在客户群体的平台，促进参展商和潜在客户进行交流及商业合作，从而成为国际贸易的重要营销渠道。当前国内外的实体会展均发展成熟，而当网络技术融入会展业时，催生了一种全新的会展模式虚拟会展。虚拟会展借助新兴技术在网络上组织和开展各种会议及展览，具有虚拟性、开放性、低成本、高效率等优势。目前，国外虚拟会展发展较为完善，而我国虚拟会展业仍处于发展阶段，存在着普及度较低、技术不完善、模式单一等不足。为使虚拟会展更加完善，更好地服务于会展经济，改革势在必得。本文在此背景下对我国发展虚拟会展的可能进行可行性分析，以扩大会展业行业规模，进一步持续带动贸易增长。
基于O2O模式的旅游电子商务发展策略探析
Authors: 邱 碧珍
Published: May 2021

实行O2O电子商务给旅游业带来诸多的利益，O2O模式正日益成为旅游行业转型升级的重要途径。旅游企业O2O电子商务发展策略包括自主开发、入驻第三方平台或采用自主开发和入驻第三方平台两者相结合的方式。每种模式各有各自的适用特点，旅游企业应根据自身情况选择合适的模式，同时要注意线上与线下协同发展。
超星学习通在课堂学习中的应用研究
Authors: 陈 梦 , 陈 素月
Published: May 2021

信息技术的快速发展使“翻转课堂”这种教学模式成为可能，同时使得超星学习通、课堂派、雨课堂等课程学习类APP如同雨后春笋地被开发出来。本文以厦门大学嘉庚学院的学生为调研主体，通过问卷调查对超星学习通在课堂学习中的应用情况进行研究；其次对问卷数据进行分析，证实超星学习通在高校课堂使用过程中具有普及率高、覆盖范围较广、使用课程类型丰富、使用效果较好这四个优点。另外通过分析，还发现其存在使用时间短、粘性低、功能使用不全面等问题，对此本文分别从老师、学校、超星学习通这三方面提出相应的解决对策。
商务旅游的发展新趋势－休闲商务旅行
Authors: 刘 舒霖 , 罗 仲哲
Published: May 2021

商务旅游是旅游行业的一个分支，作为高端旅游市场的主力军，近几年来发展迅速。商务旅游是以商务活动作为基本载体，为更好地达到商业目的的一系列发生在非居住地的多向交互性旅游消费行为，以谈判、会议、展览、考察、科技文化交流等为核心活动。随着世界经济一体化进程不断推进，商务旅游作为一种全新的，正逐渐发展的分支产业，以其区别于传统旅游的独特优势而显现出巨大的发展潜力，更成为旅游产业的重要组成部分，创造的市场利润得到广泛关注；未来的商务活动势必将是更注重人文与商务的深度结合，将个人的发展与享受和所属商业团体的长远发展紧密联系。本文在现行商务旅游发展的基础上，分析休闲商务旅行作为今后的发展新趋势，而探索更成熟、更适合商务旅行需求者的商务旅行服务新模式是必然的要求。
Clinical Profile and Laboratory Findings of Dengue Fever in Children
Authors: Ahirrao Mahesh , Patil Ashish , Kurup Anjali
Published: May 2021

Background: Dengue is an arthropod borne viral hemorrhagic fever. It is a major public health concern throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Objectives: To study clinical profile and laboratory findings of dengue infection in children.
Materials and Methods: Children up to the age of 15 years who were confirmed serologically dengue positive (either positive NS1 antigen or positive IgM antibody by ELISA method were included in study. Total 100 patients were studied. Pre tested, semi structured questionnaire were developed and used for data collection.
Result and Discussion: In current study, maximum patients were found in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) group (68%), followed by Dengue Fever (25%). Fever was most common clinical manifestation. Maximum patients in this study were in 10 to 15 years of age group, male being more commonly affected. Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were present in 90% and 69% of patients respectively.
Conclusion: School going children were more exposed to mosquito bites during day time school activities, thus maximum patients were from 10 to 15 years of age group. In early diagnosis of dengue fever, ELISA NS1 antigen is seen more promisable. When used in combination with ELISA IgM antibody, it significantly improves the diagnostic algorithm. Thrombocytopenia is more consistent feature of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS).

Key words: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS), ELISA NS1 antigen, ELISA IgM antibody.
Efficacy of a Speech-Language Development and Disorders Awareness Lecture among Pre-Primary School Teachers in Lucknow
Authors: Varghese Anne , Ojha Tripti
Published: May 2021

Aim: The aim of the study was to measure the efficacy of an awareness lecture on speech and language development and disorders among pre-primary school teachers of Lucknow.
Method: The study was carried out in 2 phases. In Phase I the questionnaire on the speech and language development and disorders and a lecture on speech and language development and disorders were prepared. The questionnaire contained questions on the components of speech and language, and on the importance of language for literacy and academic success. The lecture contained information on the components of speech, language and communication; the development of speech and language and its disorders; and the relationship between speech and language skills and academic success. In Phase II, the questionnaire was administered on 30 pre-primary school teachers before conducting and after conducting the awareness lecture on speech and language development and disorders in children.
Results: The results demonstrated significant improvement in the mean scores on awareness of speech, language development and disorders post-lecture showing that the study was successful in creating awareness of speech and language development and disorders among the pre-primary school teachers of Lucknow.
Conclusion: Creating awareness on speech, language development and disorders among teachers will facilitate early identification and timely intervention of children with communication disorders. Policies that promote orientation and training of positive strategies for speech, language and communication among ASHA workers and Aganwadi teachers will go a long way in early identification and intervention in India.

Key words: Awareness, Efficacy, Teachers, Communication Disorder, Development.
Review on Siddha Drug: Panchalavana Parpam
Authors: V Rekha , Pandian G Essakky
Published: May 2021

In Siddha system, medicine includes the herbal products, inorganic substances and animal products that lead to different formulations ranging from low shelf life drug to high shelf life drug. Parpam is the powdered substance generally obtained by calcification of purified metals, minerals and animal products by specific process. The current review aims to explore about Siddha formulation “Panchalavana Parpam” for the management of Kiraani and associated symptom. The details about the Siddha formulation “Panchalavana Parpam” was acquired from Siddha text Boghar 700: Pg. No: 49 and the details of each ingredients of above drug were collected from various Siddha texts. According to the results, all five ingredient of this preparation having the potency of relieving Soolai, Kiraani, gunmam, like gastero intestinal tract diseases. This preliminary literature review related research provides useful documentary evidences for medicinal ingredients those are commonly using to prepare the medicine for health management.

Key words: Panchalavana Parpam, gunmam, Kiraani Siddha system.
Global Havoc due to COVID-19 and Its Impact on Dentistry: A Review
Authors: Gedam Unnati
Published: May 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originated in Wuhan, China. The disease has now affected more than 100 countries around the world. In the light of the WHO declaring COVID-19 as a public health emergency of international concern, despite global efforts to prevent the spreading of the disease, the cases are still increasing. Dentistry is facing its darkest hour, with the growth and spread of this pandemic. Dental surgeons are among the highest risk because they are in direct contact with saliva. COVID-19 had a serious impact on the dental profession. There are lot many articles published relating to Dentistry and the disease. But dentistry has various specialties and each of them has specific therapeutic considerations. The article concisely elaborates specific considerations in various specialties in dentistry.

Key words: COVID-19, Dentistry, Impact on dentistry, Therapeutic considerations, Review.
Menggagas Sistem Asuransi Pertanian Syariah
Authors:   Dosen Teknik Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Fadhil Rahmat , Yusuf Muhammad Yasir ,   Dosen Perbankan Syariah, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh., Bahri T. Saiful ,   Staf Pengajar Agribisnis, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Maulana Hafiizh ,   Dosen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh
Published: May 2021

Asuransi pertanian berbasis syariah merupakan jalan keluar untuk masyarakat petani muslim dalam menjamin pengelolaan pertanian dengan mengelola tingkat risiko yang bisa terjadi akibat kegagalan panen. Keberadaan asuransi pertanian berbasis syariah adalah keharusan untuk mencapai salah satu tujuan pemerintah dalam membela dan mendorong petani supaya semakin yakin akan keberpihakan pemerintah untuk para petani. Pola asuransi pertanian syariah menjamin risiko yang bisa muncul dalam pertanian dalam bingkai syariah sehingga memberikan ketenangan batin kepada para petani yang ingin ladang pertaniaannya mendapatkan proteksi yang baik dan benar.
Antiviral and Immunity-modulating Natural Herbs in the Prevention of COVID-19
Authors: Gadge Sonali S
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 has spread all over the world and there is no single drug or medicine for the prevention and the treatment of this deadly disease. One can get prevention from this disease by boosting the immune system. Persons with weak immune system e.g. children, elder patients or patients with preexisting diseases affect rapidly due to coronavirus. This novel coronavirus attacks mainly on the person immunity. For the centuries the herbal medicinal plants have many beneficial effects against deadly viruses. Herbal medicines provide a rich resource for new antiviral drug development. These natural agents interact with the life cycle of virus such as virus entry, replication, assembly and release. In this review, the importance, immunomodulator, antiviral and pharmacological activities of some medicinal plants, namely, Allium Sativum, Zingiber Officinalis, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Ginseng, Black pepper, Emblica officinalis, Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, Echinacea purpurea, Azadirachta indica, Piper betel, Eugenia caryophyllata, Cinchona calisaya, Nigella sativa, Cuminum cyminum are highlighted. These medicinal plants have many phytoconstituents like alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids, lactones, polysaccharides, volatile oils, tannins, resins, etc which are helpful for boosting immunity and will help in the prevention and in the management of COVID-19. Several types of research attempted to use herbal medicines against COVID-19.