bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA CONTRIBUCIÓN AL SOSTENIMIENTO DE LOS GASTOS PÚBLICOS POR RESIDENTES EN MUNICIPIOS EN RIESGO DE DESPOBLAMIENTO
Authors:   Universitat Jaume I – Castellón, González Ortiz Diego
Published: April 2023

La renta destinada por los contribuyentes del IRPF a desplazarse fuera del municipio en el que residen para recibir servicios esenciales no se encuentra disponible para pagar tributos. Esa renta debe estar excluida de gravamen, no como medida de lucha contra el despoblamiento, sino con fundamento en el deber de los ciudadanos de contribuir al sostenimiento de los gastos públicos de acuerdo con la capacidad económica. Esa exclusión del gravamen, que debería articularse mediante una reducción estatal de la base imponible, no debe depender, ni de la base imponible del contribuyente, ni tampoco del número de habitantes del municipio de residencia, sino de la necesidad del gasto.
IMPOSICIÓN PERSONAL SOBRE LA RENTA Y SALARIO MÍNIMO INTERPROFESIONAL EN UN CONTEXTO DE CRISIS Y CRECIENTE INFLACIÓN
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla, Mories Jiménez María Teresa
Published: April 2023

La garantía de un salario mínimo y suficiente para satisfacer las necesidades del trabajador y su familia es un derecho recogido en el artículo 35 de la Constitución Española, que se regula de forma muy escueta en el artículo 27 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores. Las subidas del salario mínimo interprofesional en estos últimos años, en un contexto inflacionista como el que actualmente existe, nos lleva a plantearnos ciertas cuestiones polémicas en la tributación en el Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas de las retribuciones que son percibidas por los trabajadores en la cuantía del salario mínimo interprofesional, poniendo de manifiesto una cierta incongruencia entre el tratamiento del salario mínimo interprofesional desde el punto de vista laboral y tributario.
The Level of Knowledge and Attitude of Primary School Teachers on Implementation Program i-THINK
Authors:   Faculty of Human Development Sultan Idris Educational University, Sathianarayanan Premalatha a/p , Che Md Ghazali Nor Hasnida binti ,   Faculty of Human Development Sultan Idris Educational University, Idris Izazol binti ,   Faculty of Human Development Sultan Idris Educational University
Published: April 2023

This study was carried out to identify teachers' knowledge and attitude toward implementing Program i-THINK in nine districts in Selangor state. A survey design was employed using a seven-point Likert Scale structured questionnaire. Respondents were selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure involving 500 teachers from nine districts in Selangor. Descriptive analysis was conducted to find the mean and standard division. The internal consistency reliability, often known as the alpha coefficient or Cronbach Alpha, was used to assess the instrument's reliability. This study proved the teachers had the highest knowledge level (5.35 mean value). The attitude level among the teachers towards the Program i-THINK is also the highest, with (a 5.23 mean value). This study shows that teachers well receive the Program i-THINK. Besides, these findings have the potential to be benchmarked on the status of implication Program i-THINK in Malaysia, particularly in Selangor. However, continuous monitoring should be carried out by the Ministry of Education to ensure the implication of Program i-THINK by teachers. This study implies that Program i-THINK should be used to enhance the teachers' knowledge and attitude on a larger scale to help the success of the Program i-THINK.
Major Trends in Vocabulary and Usage in the English Language in the 21st Century
Authors:   Kimyo International University in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Ahmed Basyoni Graeme Medd
Published: April 2023

It has been evident that human language recurrently changes over time and undergoes constant evolution. There have been extensive changes in the English language in terms of grammatical structures, new word patterns, and vocabulary and their usage. Consequently, the present study envisions outlining some major trends in vocabulary usage in modern 21st century English. A qualitative analysis method is used to explore the patterns of change with respect to time in the English language. The study has investigated the newly emerged trends in language usage, such as the use of abbreviations and short phrases, changes in the grammar and pronunciations over time, the concept of borrowed words. Moreover, the word-formation processes, coining of words, occasionalism and nonce words, compounding and formation of compound words, blending of words, as well as derivation are also discussed.
The Effect of Risk Perception on Purchase Decisions using Shopee Pay Later with Consumptive Behavior as Moderation
Authors:   Master of Sharia Economics Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia, Mufallihah Mailadatul , Ekowati Vivin Maharani ,   Master of Sharia Economics Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia, Suprayitno Eko ,   Master of Sharia Economics Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia
Published: April 2023

This research was conducted to determine the effect of risk perception on purchasing decisions using shopee pay later with consumptive behaviour as moderation. This type of research is quantitative research with an explanatory approach. The population is a student of UIN Malang. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with the criteria of Shopeepay later users who have used Shopee Pay later at least twice the transaction so that the research sample is as large as 100 respondents. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and were analyzed by moderation regression. The results showed that the risk perception variable significantly affected purchasing decisions using Shopee Pay later. Consumer consumptive behaviour strengthens risk perception's influence on Shopee Pay's later purchase decisions.
The Effect of Company Size on Debt Policy Through Asset Structure in Insurance Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors:   Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Purwokerto, Indonesia, Nurmansyah Agung
Published: April 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of company size on debt policy through the asset structure of insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016 to 2021. The population in this study is 17 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data obtained from the financial reports for 2016 to 2021 which have been published. Obtained a total sample of 14 companies. The analysis technique used is path analysis and hypothesis testing with a constant of 5%. In this study the data were normally distributed, the data did not occur multicollinearity and there were no symptoms of heteroscedasticity. Of the 84 existing research samples, as many as 8 company data samples had to be omitted (outlier data). This is intended to remove extreme data that can cause the data distribution to become normal, so that the remaining 76 samples of data are used. The results of the study show that firm size influences debt policy through asset structure.
Assessing Local Community’s Perception Towards the Development of Smart City in Small Island Developing States (SIDS): Evidence from Mauritius
Authors:   Department of Management, Faculty of Law and Management University of Mauritius (Extraordinary special researcher at the Northwest  University) Email:.sannegadu@uom.ac.mu, Sannegadu Dr Rajesh
Published: April 2023

Purpose: As local communities are embedded into the development of smart cities, their perceptions and attitudes towards these projects are crucial to ensure sustainable socio-economic development. This paper aims at assessing local community’s perception towards the development of smart city in Mauritius. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative survey-based research was employed to achieve the aim of the study. Using a stratified random sampling technique, the questionnaire was administered among 413 respondents residing in the vicinity of six smart cities in Mauritius. The data were processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics V20.0. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to extract the new factor structure and to examine the construct validity. Findings: Findings of the study revealed that smart cities are well perceived by local residents based on the economic, social and technological perceived benefits that are associated with these projects. This paper also stresses on the importance of adopting a holistic approach in the development of smart cities by articulating technology and local citizens’ engagement. Originality/Value: This paper contributes to the current understanding of the factors affecting local residents’ perceptions towards the development of smart cities. Findings are relevant to planners, policy makers and smart city developers in shaping residents’ attitudes towards smart city development. The present research also attempts to fill in an apparent gap in literature on smart city development in a SIDS context. Keywords: Smart City, SIDS economies, Urbanisation, perceptions, sustainable Development, Mauritius
Influence of Music Industry on Fashion in Uganda
Authors: Opio Nasiche
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The study sought to analyze influence of music industry on fashion in Uganda

Materials and Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.

Findings: The results show that artists used expensive apparels to attract increased attention and following particularly online fan base. The style of fashion was determined by market demands. More than 30% of the online fans feel that the fashion used by artists and dancers is more revealing to arouse emotions and attachment to particular songs and artists. Music has long been known to influence fashion trends throughout the world. From music genres that emerged in different decades, musicians who have changed the way people dress and songs that capture a specific style or mood, music and fashion is undeniably intertwined. 

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practices and Policies: The Roland Barthes theory and Music theory may be used to anchor future studies in the fashion sector. The study results will also benefit other stakeholders such as the policy makers as well as researchers and scholars from different parts of the world. The top management of fashion industries in the country will also use the study findings to improve music performance in all their activities and programs. The study recommends that the adoption of effective fashion development policies in the fashion industry will help to improve efficiency in their major operations and activities.
ما حَسَّنَ فيه سيبويه الإدغام وما حَسَّن فيه الإظهار - إدغام المتماثلين والمتقاربين والمتجانسين أنموذجاً
Authors: أحمد خضير محمد
Published: April 2023

اقتصر بحثنا الموسوم بـ (ما حَسَّنَ فيه سيبويه الإدغام وما حَسَّن فيه الإظهار) على ما نص عليه سيبويه أنه حسن من الجانب الصوتي، فقد جردنا الوجوه الصوتية التي حسنها سيبويه بكتابه فوجدناها كلها في الادغام وهذا دليل كبير على اهتمام سيبويه بهذا الموضوع لما يقدمه من خدمة كبيرة لقراء القرآن الكريم، تكونت خطة البحث من مدخل ومحورين: المدخل تحدثنا فيه عن الادغام واهتمام العلماء به.المحور الأول (الادغام في الحرفين المثلين المتحركين (إدغام االمتماثل) والادغام في الحروف المتقاربة (إدغام التقارب).المحور الثاني (الإدغام في الحرفين اللذين هما من مخرج واحد وليسا مثلين (إدغام االتجانس)، ثم الخاتمة ثم ثبت المصادر والمراجع، نسأل الله السداد في القول والعمل.
أبو بكر القفَّال الشاشي - دراسة تاريخية
Authors: إنتصار نصيف شاكر
Published: April 2023

هذا البحث يسلط الضوء على واحد من أبرز علماء بلاد ما وراء النهر، كان له حضوره ومكانته العلمية الكبيرة بين فقهاء المذهب الشافعي والمدرسة الأشعرية ألا وهو ابو بكر القفال الشاشي الكبير.إن موضوع بحثنا هذا هو العلامة ابو بكر محمد بن علي بن اسماعيل الملقب بالقفال الشاشي الكبير، هو منسوب الى بلده الشاش والكبير تفريقاً له عن القفال الشاشي الصغير المعاصر له، وعالمنا هذا شافعي المذهب في الفقه واصولي ومتكلم (اشعري) ومحدث ومفسر وشاعر، وهو اول من صنف في الجدل من الفقهاء وعنه انتشر مذهب الامام الشافعي في بلاد ما وراء النهر، رغم ان تلك البلاد كانت حكراً على الماتريديه من اصحاب الامام ابي حنيفة النعمان.ولد ابو بكر الشاشي سنة إحدى وتسعين ومئتين للهجرة في الشاش وتفقه على علمائها، ثم رحل الى خراسان والعراق والكوفة والجزيرة الفراتية والشام والتقى خلال رحلاته تلك بعدد كبير من علماء الحديث والفقه، وقد صنف الشاشي عدداً من الكتب منها (دلائل النبوة، ومحاسن الشريعة، وجوامع الكلم، وتفسير القرآن الكريم، والتقريب، وآداب القضاء، والفتاوى، وشرح الرسالة الشافعية).تتلمذ على العلامة الشاشي عدد كبير من الطلبة، اذ روى عنه ابن البيع صاحب المستدرك، والامام الحافظ الجوال، والفتح العمري القرشي وغيرهم كثير وكلهم من اصحاب المذهب الشافعي، وقد أثنى على القفال الشاشي كثير من العلماء مثل ابن الصلاح وابو اسحاق الشيرازي، وابو الحسن الصفار، وتاج الدين السبكي، والذهبي وابن الملقن والسيوطي وابن عساكر وغيرهم.والمعروف ان ابو بكر القفال الشاشي، قد ولد في الشاش سنة 291 هـ / 904 م وهي مدينة طشقند في اوزبكستان، وهذه البلاد تسكنها بشكل أساسي أقوام تركية وثنية وفيها ديانات بوذية وسامانية وزرادشتية وديانات سماوية مثل اليهودية والنصرانية، لكن الاسلام انتشر فيها وتحول الناس اليه ونشأت اجيال مسلمة ظهر من بينها الكثير من العلماء وخاصة في المدن الرئيسة من تلك البلاد مثل بخارى وسمرقند، وكان للسامانيين الفضل الكبير في تطور الحركة الفكرية الاسلامية في تلك الأقاليم، وذلك بفضل اهتمامهم ببناء المساجد والمدارس ورعايتهم للعلماء، وهذا ما ادى الى ظهور كبار علماء المذاهب الاسلامية هناك وخاصة على المذهبين الحنفي والشافعي.
مراحل تطور الفكر الجغرافي في تحديد ارتفاعات أصناف الغيوم وباستخدام مرئيات الأقمار الاصطناعية (METO SAT)
Authors: علي خلف صايل  , محمد فزع عبيد  , أحمد عبد الغفور خطاب
Published: April 2023

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة مفهوم الفكر الجغرافي في تحديد أصناف الغيوم باستخدام مرئيات الأقمار الاصطناعية ميتيوسات وضمن ثلاثة حزم طيفية الأولى مرئي ضمن المدى الموجي (0.5 – 0.7) مايكرون وثاني حراري ضمن المدى الموجي (10.5 - 12.5) مايكرون.اما الثالثة تمثلت حزمة بخار الماء ضمن مدى الموجي ( 1.7 – 5.7) مايكرون، اذ من خلالها تمكن الباحث معرفة ارتفاع أصناف الغيوم بعد ربطها بالخصائص الطيفية للحزم الموجية في مرئيات اعتمادا على انعكاسية وحرارة السطح المشع ضمن الحزم المستخدمة في الدراسة والألوان الناتجة في المرئية الملونة المركبة، وذلك من خلال إجراء عمليات التحليل والتفسير وباستخدام برنامج ايرداس وكولبل مابر وتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم من خلال ثلاث محاور الأول تضمنت التحليل وتحديد أصناف الغيوم قديما أما المحور الثاني تضمن تحديد وتحليل المناخي لأصناف وارتفاعات الغيوم في حين المحور الثالث تضمن التحليل الطيفي لتحديد ارتفاعات الغيوم وربط النتائج ونماذج الصورية مع بعضها البعض.
التوجيه النحوي للقراءات القرآنية الواردة في قوله تعالى: وَلَا تَطْرُدِ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُم بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُ ۖ مَا عَلَيْكَ مِنْ حِسَابِهِم مِّن شَيْءٍ وَمَا مِنْ حِسَابِكَ عَلَيْهِم مِّن شَيْ(سورة الأنعام: الآية: 52)
Authors: ساهرة حمادة سالم  , عبد الصمد جبار توفيق
Published: April 2023

فإن القرآن الكريم هو مفجر العلوم، أودع فيه سبحانه وتعالى علم كل شيء، وأبان فيه كل هدى، وقد تعددت علومه ومن هذه العلوم علم القراءات ومعرفة رسم المصحف، فإن من رحمة الله بهذه الأمة أنه جعل في أمر القراءة القرآنية سعة، فأنزل القرآن على سبعة أحرف، فكانت القراءة القرآنية ميداناً رحباً للدراسات القرآنية واللغوية.
المباحث اللغوية في شرح رسالة البسملة والحمدلة للصبان لشمس الدين السنباوي (ت: 1232 هـ)
Authors: سما بهاء هادي  , قاسم مشعان رحيببي
Published: April 2023

إنّ الاشتغال بإحياء التراث وبث الحياة إليه ولا سيما إن كان في جانب يتعلق بالبسملة والحمدلة بإخراج الدرر اللغوية منه يعد إنجازا.هذا البحث هو محاولة لإظهار جهد لغوي لشخصية علمية من شرح بسملة وحمدلة للصبان بجهد مبارك للأمير الكبير من خلال مباحث لغوية مهمة في الدرس النحوي.وبعد قراءة فاحصة للمخطوط وشرحه وجدت مباحث صوتية مهمة منها اولية الصوت وفيزياء الصوت ومباحث صرفية منها الاعلال والابدال والجمع واسم الفاعل.هذه المباحث كما هو معلوم في العربية من أهم المباحث المشتركة فيما بين القاعدة اللغوية والدلالة والسياق.
التوظيف البلاغي للمفردة القرآنية عند أحمد بخيت في ديوانه الأخير أولاً
Authors: غسان علوان خلف
Published: April 2023

يهدف هذا البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على شعر شاعر من الشعراء المعاصرين، وإبراز أهم السمات الفنية في شعره، فمن خلا بحثي في شعر هذا الشاعر تبين أنه من أكثر الشعراء تأثراً بالنص القرآني، وجاء هذا الأثر في شعره على مستويات متعددة كما في المفردة القرآنية مثل (سبحانك اللهم)، وأشهر ما يميز هذا الأثر القرآني في شعره هو الرمز والصورة والتكرار وسعة الخيال، وتنوعت الأغراض البلاغية في شعر الشاعر كالتشبيه والاستعارة والكناية وغيرها، وكذلك احتواء القصيدة الواحدة على أكثر من غرض بلاغي، وربما يكون في البيت الواحد أكثر من نوع واحد، وهذا يدل على بلاغة الشاعر وتمكنه من صنعته.
DEVELOPMENT OF CHARACTER STRENGTHENING IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES FOR STUDENTS
Authors: Sahabuddin Erma Suryani , Haling Abdul , Pertiwi Nurlita
Published: April 2023

Character is the values of goodness that have become a habit in action, which is a person's personality formed as a result of applying the various virtues. Character is a good mental trait that is shown when behaving politely, generously, forgiving, full of love, willing to sacrifice, appealing to humor, not excessive, and always obedient and pious. Character education focuses on implementing good values either in actions or behavior. Thus, character education is a process of forming habits in applying good values including the formation of moral knowing, moral feeling, and moral action. This research aims to develop a guidebook for implementing the strengthening of character education to solve moral dilemmas for students. The developed guidebook is expected to have validity and practicality in instilling good values for students. The research type is research development. The subjects of this research consisted of value education experts, lecturers, and students. Data were obtained by using interviews, documentation, and questionnaire techniques. Data analysis techniques used qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results showed that the character values for developing a guidebook for strengthening the character education consisted of five main characteristics, including behavior, diligence, cleanliness, neatness, and discipline. Additionally, those characteristics can be applied through intra-curricular, co-curricular, extra-curricular, and non-curricular activities. The test results of the guidebook were valid, and the results of the responses from prospective users showed that the Graduate Competency Standards, Content Standards, and Program Descriptions and assessment were in highly great qualifications. The results of this research were expected to meet the demands of providing a guidebook for strengthening the character education that can be used by lecturers and students in the implementation of strengthening of the character education at the Faculty of Education, The State University of Makassar.

Keywords: Development research, Guidebooks, Strengthening Character Education, Students
Effects of Laboratory Safety Information Utilization on Institutional Safety Management: Focusing on the Subjects of the Laboratory Safety Act
Authors:   Form of Public Safety and Culture, Jo Han Jin , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Hwang Won , Roh Young Hee
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to confirm the degree of utilization of various laboratory safety-related information provided by the government in accordance with the Laboratory Safety Act enforced in 2006. In addition, it is to confirm the influence of safety-related information on laboratory field safety management. Through this, it is intended to check what kind of information provided by the government is helpful for institutional laboratory safety management, to confirm the performance of laboratory safety-related information provision, and to confirm the future direction of information provision. To this end, various laboratory safety-related information provided in accordance with the Laboratory Safety Act was nomadic, a questionnaire was developed, and a survey was conducted using it. A total of 1,288 copies of the survey were retrieved by e-mailing information to those subject to the Laboratory Safety Act and conducting the survey using an online URL. Of these, 1,071 copies were used for analysis, excluding insincere responses, and SPSS 25.0 was used to perform descriptive statistics, mean difference test between groups, and regression analysis. The main research results are as follows. First, the utilization of information related to laboratory safety accidents was the highest, and the majority of laboratory safety management data utilization was found to be higher in universities and research institutes than in a business-affiliated research institutes. Second, it was found that the status of laboratory accidents, published materials such as manuals and guidelines, and safety education information were helpful in preventing laboratory accidents and improving researchers' safety awareness, and also in research activities and work performance. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary for the government to provide the latest information by frequently updating various information provided to laboratories. In addition, since information related to laboratory safety management provides various help to laboratory safety, it is necessary to provide additional information to the institution through a demand survey to find out what information is desired in the field to help the institution's safety management work well.
Our Laparoscopic Appendectomy a Retrospective Study Experience at Department of Pediatric Surgery MMC Mardan a Multi Center Study
Authors: Khan Muhammad Javed , Khan Jehangir , . Kifayat, , Rehman Sijad-Ur-
Published: April 2023

Laparoscopic appendectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to remove the appendix. It is a safe and effective procedure that can be performed in children of all ages. We present our experience at the Department of Pediatric Surgery at Mardan Medical Complex (MMC) in Mardan, Pakistan. Our study was conducted over a period of one year, from January to December 2018, and included a total of 52 patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy. The mean age of the patients was 10.5 years, with a range of 5-15 years. The mean operative time was 48 minutes, with a range of 30-90 minutes. The postoperative recovery time was short, with an average of only 2 days. Our data shows that laparoscopic appendectomy is a safe and effective procedure for the removal of the appendix in pediatric patients. It is associated with a shorter hospital stay and quicker recovery time than open appendectomy. The results of our study indicate that laparoscopic appendectomy should be the preferred method of treating appendicitis in children. Material & Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Surgery at Mardan Medical Complex (MMC) in Mardan, Pakistan. Medical records of all patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy from January to December 2018 were reviewed. Data collected included age, gender, duration of operation, postoperative recovery time, and any complications. Results: A total of 52 patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 10.5 years, with a range of 5-15 years. The majority of the patients (90.4%) were male. The mean operative time was 48 minutes, with a range of 30-90 minutes. The postoperative recovery time was short, with an average of only 2 days. There were no major complications reported during or after the operation. Practical Implication: This study provides evidence that laparoscopic appendectomy is a safe and effective procedure for the removal of the appendix in pediatric patients. It is associated with a shorter hospital stay and quicker recovery time than open appendectomy. The findings of this study suggest that laparoscopic appendectomy should be the preferred method of treating appendicitis in children. It is important for surgeons to be adequately trained in laparoscopic techniques to ensure the best outcomes for their patients. Conclusion: This study shows that laparoscopic appendectomy is a safe and effective procedure for the removal of the appendix in pediatric patients. It is associated with a shorter hospital stay and quicker recovery time than open appendectomy. The results of our study indicate that laparoscopic appendectomy should be the preferred method of treating appendicitis in children. Keywords: Laparoscopic Appendectomy, Pediatric Surgery, Mardan Medical Complex.
Frequency of Pyloric Stenosis in Patients Presenting with Persistent Vomiting
Authors: Ullah Zabih , Hidayat Rania , Khan Hafizullah , Zulfiqar Waqar , Naseer Adil , Asad Shawana
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Pyloric stenosis is an uncommon condition in infants characterized by abnormal thickening of the pylorus muscles in the stomach leading to gastric outlet obstruction. Clinically infants are well at birth. Then, at 3 to 6 weeks of age, the infants present with "projectile" vomiting which can lead to dehydration and weight loss. Objective: To determine the frequency of pyloric stenosis in patient presenting with persistent vomiting. Material and Method: This Cross Sectional Study was conducted in the department of Gastroenterology, ATH, Abbottabad from 5th October 2020 to 5th April 2021. A total of 115 patients of both gender with persistent vomiting for more than 5 days were included in the study. Abdominal ultrasound was done by a consultant gastroenterologist of three years post fellowship experience. Pyloric stenosis was noted. Results: Age range in this study was from 1 to 40 years with mean age of 6.226±6.62 years and mean duration of complaints was 9.869±3.76 days. Male patients were 88.7%% and females were 11.3%%. Pyloric Stenosis was observed in 93% patients. Conclusion: Our study concluded that that pyloric stenosis is 4 times more common in males compared to females and is more common among younger age groups as compared to adult patients. Keywords: Persistent vomiting, pyloric stenosis, Ultrasound, Frequency
Role of Pilocarpine in Postmortem Interval Estimation
Authors: Memon Shaima Sultana , Nezam Shahid , Waheed Abdul , Ram Hari , Shafique Agha , Khan Iqbal Ahmed
Published: April 2023

Background: Estimation of time interval since death is an important aspect of forensic medicine, it is used as an evidence in both civil and criminal cases. There are multiple techniques used worldwide but reaction of pupil to chemical agents is currently the topic of interest. Studies on the role of pilocarpine in estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) are very limited worldwide so the current study aimed to estimate the time interval since death using pilocarpine eye drops. Methods: An experimental Cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of forensic medicine and toxicology of a tertiary care hospital of Karachi (Autopsy Lab). The diameter of the pupil of each eye was measured using a Vernier caliper. After that 2% pilocarpine eye drops were administered to both eyes. About 10 to 15 minutes was allowed for pupillary reaction. The pupillary diameter was measured again after 25 minutes. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for Windows Version 22. p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 61 ± 13.4 years and reported significant association with the postmortem interval. The mean postmortem interval was 5 hours 42 minutes ± 3 hours 19 minutes. It has been noted that the longest duration of pupillary reaction was 16 hours 2 minutes. There was a strong correlation of postmortem interval with the change in pupillary diameter after pilocarpine drops. Soon after death, in initial 2 hours the change in pupillary diameter after pilocarpine was 98.8% while the percentage of pupillary reaction decreases as long as the time since death. After 16 hours of death there was no change in pupillary diameter after administering pilocarpine drops. Conclusion: It can be concluded that pupillary reaction after pilocarpine eye drops is significantly associated with time interval since death as 98.8% response was recorded in first two hours after death. The longest postmortem interval up to which the pupil can response to eye drop is 16 hours. Keywords: Pilocarpine, Postmortem interval, Pupillary reaction
Significance of Platelets and its Indices in Patients with Dengue Fever
Authors: Zeb Salma , Qaisar Owais , Babar Nazish , Sardar Ayesha , Bilal Muhammad , Shuaib Syed Luqman
Published: April 2023

Background: Dengue is a viral infection affecting different parts of the world, particularly the under developed countries including Pakistan. Changes in hematological parameters are frequently observed in dengue viral infection out of which the changes in the structure of platelets and their levels are a predominant factor in dengue viral infection. In view of the foresaid, this study was conducted to find the platelet levels and indices in confirmed cases suffering from dengue fever. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Peshawar in a duration of five months from September to December 2022. A total of five hundred patients were screened for dengue viral infection. Blood samples were collected from all suspected dengue infected patients and processed for complete blood count (CBC). Percentage and mean standard deviation were calculated and data were expressed in tables and graphs. Results: Among total suspected patients, one hundred fifty patients were found positive in which highest number of patients were male (65.3%) than female patients (34.7%). The minimum hemoglobin, white blood cells, and platelets were 6.9 g/dl, 2400 g/dl, and 43000 g/dl respectively. Low level of hemoglobin was found in 9.4% patients, 25.3% patients had below normal white blood cell count, and 30.4% patients were observed with less than normal platelet count. Few patients were noted with lower mean platelets volume and plateletcrit than normal. Conclusion: The study showed a significant impact of dengue viral infection on complete blood count. The hemoglobin, WBC, platelets, and platelet indices were potentially affected with dengue viral infection. It is necessary to design a strategy for early diagnosis of dengue infected patients for timely treatment, which can together save patients from severe impact of dengue viral infection such as dengue shock syndrome which could be fatal. Keywords: Dengue viral infection, Hematological parameters, Platelets, Mean Platelets Volume, Plateletcrit, Platelet distributive width.
Scope of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patient with History of Previous Upper Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Zeb Muhammad , Zarin Muhammad , Khan Ijaz Ahmad , . Samiullah , Khan Muhammad Younas , . Kaleemullah
Published: April 2023

Introduction: In recent years, laparoscopy's role in treating benign gallbladder and biliary tract diseases has been well confirmed. Objective: The main objective of the study is to find the scope of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patient with history of previous upper abdominal surgery. Material and methods: This retrospective study was conducted in khyber medical center Peshawar during June 2022 to December 2022. An informed consent was obtained from each patient included in the study. The primary outcomes of the current study involves incidence rate of intraoperative biliary injury and the secondary outcome of the study includes postoperative strictures, bile leaks, hernia, infections, postoperative need for reoperation or drainage. Results: A total of 316 cholecystectomies were performed. Out of these 28 were performed with other hepatobiliary or bariatric operations. The remaining subjects 288, out of which 212 did not show severe cholecystitis and the remaining 76 had severe cholecystitis. 51 patients with severe cholecystitis had LC and 22 were treated with LSC out of those 3 went through open cholecystectomy and were excluded from the study. Practical Implication: This study will helps us in hospitals in Laparoscopic cholecystectomy because it’s a safe method and procedure. Conclusion: It is concluded that Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a feasible and safe treatment for symptomatic gallstone disease in selected patients with previous upper abdominal surgery history. Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Procedure, Patients, Abdominal
Financial Management Skills and Utilization of Youth Enterprise Development Fund among Youth Groups in Baringo South Constituency, Kenya
Authors:   Kenyatta University, Cheburet Alex Kipngetich
Published: April 2023

The Youth Enterprise Development Fund (YEDF) was introduced in 2006 as a strategy to broaden economic opportunities and promote youth participation in nation building. The effective utilization of the fund is vital if its objective of empowering young people through entrepreneurship. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between financial management skills and the utilization of business development fund among youth groups in Baringo South Constituency. The study specifically sought to determine the relationship between investment decision making process, financial record management, saving behavior and cash flow management and the utilization of the YEDF in Baringo South Constituency, Baringo County, Kenya. Financial self-efficacy theory, goal setting theory, contingency theory and information asymmetry theory formed theoretical basis for this research. Researched entities was 22 YEDF-funded MSEs in Baringo South Constituency's. The study’s sample size was made up of 88 group officials, four fund managers and three youth fund officials. Questionnaires were used in the collection of primary data. Prior to the study, a pilot was conducted in Koibatek to test data gathering devices. Research data was collected qualitatively and quantitatively. Data was presented using tables and charts. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used in the quantitative statistical analysis. The mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages are used in descriptive. The study established a positive and significant relationship between the three independent variables: investment decision making, financial record management and saving behavior, and YEDF utilization among youth groups in Baringo South Constituency, Kenya. The study found a weak positive and significant relationship between cash flow management and YEDF utilization among youth groups in Baringo South Constituency, Kenya. The study recommended that entrepreneurial training for youth enterprises, and distinct saving accounts to assist youth groups organize their finances. It also emphasized on the importance of cash flow statements to help investors and shareholders understand how much money group is producing and spending. The study suggested that further studies should be conducted on financial management skills and use of government financial kits such Uwezo funds, Women Enterprise Development funds should be conducted. Keywords: Financial management skills, investment decision, financial records, saving behavior, cash flow, fund utilization.
Utilization Of Selected Methods of Managerial Economics in Aviation Companies
Authors:   School of Computing, Sastra Deemed University, Thanjavur., J S Dr Sivaprakash , N Samhith
Published: April 2023

The article is focused on the areas of management in aviation companies by way of applying selected methods of managerial economics, applicable under the constantly changing conditions entailing high level of risks. Attention is paid separately to the characterizing the external environment, applying the systems- based views, balance sheet analysis and controlling. The core of the publication is on selected methods representing the pillars of company economics and can be adapted by managers with purely technical background. The aviation industry is a complex and competitive market that requires companies to make strategic decisions in order to stay competitive and profitable. This paper examines the utilization of selected methods of managerial economics in aviation companies. Specifically, it explores how airlines use economic analysis to make decisions related to pricing, revenue management, cost control, and investment. The paper begins by providing an overview of managerial economics and its relevance to the aviation industry. It then explores several specific methods of managerial economics, including demand analysis, cost analysis, pricing strategies, and investment analysis. Each of these methods is discussed in detail, highlighting how they can be used to inform decision-making in aviation companies. The paper also examines case studies of successful airlines that have effectively utilized these methods of managerial economics. These case studies demonstrate how airlines have used economic analysis to optimize pricing, increase revenue, control costs, and make strategic investments. Overall, the paper concludes that the utilization of selected methods of managerial economics is crucial for the success of aviation companies. By analyzing data and making informed decisions based on economic principles, airlines can stay competitive and profitable in a constantly changing market. As such, the paper provides a valuable resource for aviation managers and researchers seeking to better understand the role of economics in the aviation industry. Keywords - Economics, management, levels of control, methods of economical analysis, managerial skills
A study on internet addiction and moral foundation among young adults
Authors: Mukherjee Ms. Sreya , Baksi Mrs. Rooprekha
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the study is to understand the role of internet in the present scenario with respect to moral foundation among young adults. Objectives for the present study is to find out the characteristics of the sample in terms of moral foundation with respect to internet addiction. Sample for the present study is considered to be N =100, where 69 are students and 31 are fresher in profession. Purposive sampling is used in order to conduct the research. Online survey is used to collect the data and conduct a quantitative analysis. Finding for the present study is that though the percentage of people involved in internet addiction is more than normal level of internet usage but there is no or less variation among the participants with respect to moral foundation. Implications is the most important thing in every research. In the present study it can be seen that our youth is heading towards digitalized world. Internet addiction creates no variation in morality.
BUILDING HOMOGENEITY WITH CLIMATIC FACTORS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
Authors:   Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, MESRIZADEH A.
Published: April 2023

With the advent of modern architecture and the ever-increasing use of mechanical facilities, the importance of climate in architectural design was underestimated. However, due to reduction of the oil reservoirs and pollutions in cities and the irreparable damage of fossil fuels to the environment, attention to the climate and climate design was restarted since the 1950s. One of the major principles of the sustainable architecture is to consider how to optimally use the climate in architectural design. In other words, the sustainable architecture describes the architectural design with an awareness on the environment. Observing climatic conditions in the architecture will lead to energy saving. Sustainable architecture or, in other words, the same architectural architecture compatible with climate minimizes consumption and allows continued use of natural resources. Today s human beings can have a brighter future by relying on the nature with the unlimited energy. What has been considered in this article is architectural design with respect to the climate and its applicability in the design and construction of buildings considering the latest science and technology to achieve sustainable design.
Standardized Skill Description
Authors: Riedel Jana , Neumann Jörg , Stark Lydia
Published: April 2023

Das Poster setzt sich mit der Nutzung standardisierter Kompetenzbeschreibungen auseinander. Dabei werden Erfahrungen aus dem Projekt MyEduLife (https://myedulife.de) im Umgang mit ESCO (european skills competences and occupations taxonomy) aufgegriffen und der Lösungsansatz einer Wallet inkl. der Speicherung der Daten in der Blockchain vorgestellt.

Zum Poster gehört ein mehrseitiger Abstract.

Vorgestellt wurde das Poster auf der TASK VI Tagung des IAB in Nürnberg.
Perfiles de autoeficacia docente y conocimiento especializado para la enseñanza de las matemáticas
Authors: Avilés-Canché Karen , Marbán Prieto José María
Published: April 2023

Initial teacher training is a decisive process in the purpose of moving towards fully inclusive schools through, in particular, training processes that facilitate the removal of barriers to learning, including those that originate in the teacher him/herself. In this sense, this study focuses on the perceived self-efficacy of primary school teachers in initial training from the perspective of the MTSK model of Mathematics Teacher Specialized Knowledge. Based on affective scales together with two self-efficacy scales designed ad hoc, and duly validated, and through a hierarchical cluster analysis, we proceeded to identify different profiles of teachers in initial training on a sample of 161 first year students of the Degree in Primary Education at the University of Valladolid. The results show three profiles with well-defined characteristics that can be useful as a diagnosis of the situation but, above all, as a starting point for the design of teaching-learning processes that adequately address the three profiles allowing their evolution throughout the initial training towards states that do not pose an obstacle to the full development of the teacher as a professional trained for a full inclusive mathematics education.

La formación inicial del profesorado es un proceso determinante en el propósito de avanzar hacia escuelas plenamente inclusivas a través, en particular, de procesos de capacitación que faciliten la supresión de barreras para el aprendizaje, incluidas las que tienen su origen en el propio docente. En este sentido, este estudio dirige su mirada hacia la autoeficacia percibida del profesorado de Primaria en formación inicial desde la óptica del modelo MTSK de Conocimiento Especializado del Profesor de Matemáticas. Apoyándose en escalas afectivas conjuntamente con sendas escalas de autoeficacia diseñadas ad hoc, y debidamente validadas, y a través de un análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos, se procede a identificar diferentes perfiles de profesorado en formación inicial sobre una muestra de 161 estudiantes de primer curso del Grado en Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Valladolid. Los resultados muestran tres perfiles con características bien definidas que pueden resultar útiles como diagnóstico de situación pero, sobre todo, como punto de partida para el diseño de procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje que atiendan adecuadamente a los tres perfiles, permitiendo su evolución a lo largo de la formación inicial hacia estados que no supongan obstáculo para el completo desarrollo del profesorado como profesional capacitado para una educación matemática inclusiva plena.
Historical Redlining, Social Determinants of Health, and Stroke Prevalence in Communities in New York City
Authors: Jadow Benjamin M. , Hu Liangyuan , Zou Jungang , Labovitz Daniel , Ibeh Chinwe , Ovbiagele Bruce , Esenwa Charles
Published: April 2023

Importance

Historical redlining was a discriminatory housing policy that placed financial services beyond the reach of residents in inner-city communities. The extent of the impact of this discriminatory policy on contemporary health outcomes remains to be elucidated.

Objective

To evaluate the associations among historical redlining, social determinants of health (SDOH), and contemporary community-level stroke prevalence in New York City.

Design, Setting, and Participants

An ecological, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using New York City data from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018. Data from the population-based sample were aggregated on the census tract level. Quantile regression analysis and a quantile regression forests machine learning model were used to determine the significance and overall weight of redlining in relation to other SDOH on stroke prevalence. Data were analyzed from November 5, 2021, to January 31, 2022.

Exposures

Social determinants of health included race and ethnicity, median household income, poverty, low educational attainment, language barrier, uninsurance rate, social cohesion, and residence in an area with a shortage of health care professionals. Other covariates included median age and prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and hyperlipidemia. Weighted scores for historical redlining (ie, the discriminatory housing policy in effect from 1934 to 1968) were computed using the mean proportion of original redlined territories overlapped on 2010 census tract boundaries in New York City.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Stroke prevalence was collected from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 500 Cities Project for adults 18 years and older from 2014 to 2018.

Results

A total of 2117 census tracts were included in the analysis. After adjusting for SDOH and other relevant covariates, the historical redlining score was independently associated with a higher community-level stroke prevalence (odds ratio [OR], 1.02 [95% CI, 1.02-1.05]; P < .001). Social determinants of health that were positively associated with stroke prevalence included educational attainment (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01-1.01]; P < .001), poverty (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01-1.01]; P < .001), language barrier (OR, 1.00 [95% CI, 1.00-1.00]; P < .001), and health care professionals shortage (OR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00-1.04]; P = .03).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found that historical redlining was associated with modern-day stroke prevalence in New York City independently of contemporary SDOH and community prevalence of some relevant cardiovascular risk factors.
An Efficient One‐Arrow‐Two‐Hawks Strategy Achieves High Efficiency and Stable Batch Variance for Benzodifuran‐based Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Zheng Bing , Yue Yuchen , Ni Jianling , Zhou Xucong , He Yongrui , Gui Xiaoman , Shen Han , Jing Yanan , Zhao Jince , Zhang Jianqi , Zhang Yuan , Wang Jingxia , Jiang Lei , Huo Lijun
Published: April 2023

With the development of organic solar cells (OSCs), the high‐performance and stable batch variance are becoming a new challenge for designing polymer donors. To obtain high photovoltaic performance, adopting polymers with high molecular weight as donors is an ordinary strategy. However, the high molecular weight need to subtly control the reaction time and state, inevitably caused batch‐to‐batch variations. Herein, a strategy of steric effect is applied to benzodifuran (BDF)‐based polymer by introducing different positions of Cl atom, producing two polymers PBDFCl‐1 and PBDFCl‐2. The more twisted side chains conformation not only achieve the control of moderate molecular weight for PBDFCl‐2, but also easily form molecular stacking through adopting BDF unit and maintain sufficient polymeric crystallinity. Due to the optimized stacking mode and good blend miscibility, PBDFCl‐2‐based device exhibitsa more elegant power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.00% compared to PBDFCl‐1‐based device. This is the highest efficiency record for BDF‐based binary OSCs. Meanwhile, the PCE device variation of the different molecular weights for PBDFCl‐2 is little, indicating the reduction of the batch variation. Therefore, smartly using steric effect of Cl atom in strong crystalline BDF unit can form efficient molecular stacking regulations and realize the coordination of high‐performance and stable batch variance.