bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raman and NMR spectroscopic and theoretical investigations of the cubic laves-phases REAl2 (RE = Sc, Y, La, Yb, Lu)
Authors: Gießelmann Elias C. J. , Engel Stefan , Kostusiak Weronika , Zhang Yuemei , Herbeck-Engel Petra , Kickelbick Guido , Janka Oliver
Published: February 2023

The REAl2 series was characterized by solid-state NMR and Raman experiments. The spectroscopic data was correlated to the XRD measurements and the DFT calculations, gaining an insight into bonding, charge distribution and the strain.
Nitroarenes and nitroalkenes as potential amino sources for the synthesis of N-heterocycles
Authors: Zou Dong , Wang Wei , Hu Yaqin , Jia Tingting
Published: February 2023

Nitro-compounds are one of the cheapest and most readily available materials, commonly used as versatile building blocks. Herein, progress in construction of N-heterocycles using nitroarenes and nitroalkenes is summarized by classification of heterocyclic types.
Palladium-catalyzed addition of acylsilanes across alkynesviathe activation of a C–Si bond
Authors: Inagaki Tetsuya , Ando Takahiro , Sakurai Shun , Yamanaka Masahiro , Tobisu Mamoru
Published: February 2023

Palladium-catalyzed addition of a C–Si bond in acylsilanes across the triple bonds in an alkyne bearing a carbonyl group at one terminal is reported.
Shape memory meta-laminar jamming actuators fabricated by 4D printing
Authors: Lalegani Dezaki Mohammadreza , Bodaghi Mahdi
Published: February 2023

Meta-laminar jamming actuators using laminar jamming and 4D printing techniques are developed in this work. MLJ actuators show shape recovery, shape locking without input power, and the ability to lift and grasp objects with zero power.
Correction: Self-cleaning, high transmission, near unity haze OTS/silica nanostructured glass
Authors: Haghanifar Sajad , Lu Ping , Kayes Md Imrul , Tan Susheng , Kim Ki-Joong , Gao Tongchuan , Ohodnicki Paul , Leu Paul W.
Published: February 2023

Correction for ‘Self-cleaning, high transmission, near unity haze OTS/silica nanostructured glass’ by Sajad Haghanifar et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2018, 6, 9191–9199, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC02513D.
A beginner’s guide to surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Motsa Balindile B. , Stahelin Robert V.
Published: February 2023

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has emerged as a powerful optical detection technique for studying the binding behaviour of immobilized ligands and analytes in solution. The technique makes it possible to measure interactions in real time with high sensitivity. Over the past two decades, SPR has become the gold standard for studying biomolecular interactions in biomedical research and drug discovery. The interactions that can be studied are diverse and include protein–protein, protein–small molecule, protein–nucleic acid, protein–carbohydrate, lipid–protein, hybrid systems of biomolecules and non-biological surfaces. SPR allows researchers to determine which molecules interact, how strongly they bind and inform experiments using mutants, truncations or other variations to probe specificity. This article summarizes the principle and experimental set-up and illustrates the utility of SPR using the example of lipid–protein interactions.
Characterising the interior of five inner Saturnian moons using Cassini ISS data
Authors: Lainey V. , Rambaux N. , Cooper N. , Dahoumane R. , Zhang Q.
Published: February 2023

Context. The Cassini-Huygens space mission provided a huge amount of data for the Saturnian system. While the mission ended in September 2017, there is still much information to be retrieved from the data.

Aims. Here, from their orbital motion, we infer the interior of the five inner Saturnian moons, Atlas, Prometheus, Pandora, Janus, and Epimetheus. Our results benefit from a recent study of the shape of these moons, which provides a much better estimation of their 3D shape and volume.

Methods. Using Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) astrometric data, we again reduced the Cassini ISS images with an improved shape modelling. We then integrated the orbital motion of the inner Saturnian moons and solved for a large set of physical parameters for this system, including the masses and physical libration amplitudes of the moons.

Results. We obtain a density value (in g cm−3 with a 1σ error bar based on the digital terrain models and spherical harmonics available today) of 0.3935 ± 0.0033, 0.4873 ± 0.0026, 0.5045 ± 0.0017, 0.6233 ± 0.0015, and 0.6413 ± 0.0002 for Atlas, Prometheus, Pandora, Epimetheus, and Janus, respectively. We were able to determine the physical libration amplitudes of Prometheus, Pandora, Epimetheus, and Janus to be 0.98 ± 0.08, −5.2 ± 0.7, −6.0 ± 0.6, and −0.39 ± 0.16 (degrees and 1σ error bar), respectively. Our solutions for Epimetheus and Janus are in full agreement with a former estimation performed directly from the measurement of the rotation of these two moons.

Conclusions. We confirm the large porosity of these five moons and their increase in density as a function of their size. Our estimations of the physical librations of Prometheus, Pandora, Janus, and Epimetheus are consistent with a homogeneous interior, but for Pandora a heterogeneous interior is also plausible.
Independent Roman bondage of graphs
Authors: Kosari Saeed , Amjadi Jafar , Chellali Mustapha , Sheikholeslami Seyed Mahmoud
Published: February 2023

An independent Roman dominating function (IRD-function) on a graph G is a function f : V(G) → {0, 1, 2} satisfying the conditions that (i) every vertex u for which f(u) = 0 is adjacent to at least one vertex v for which f(v) = 2, and (ii) the set of all vertices assigned non-zero values under f is independent. The weight of an IRD-function is the sum of its function values over all vertices, and the independent Roman domination number iR(G) of G is the minimum weight of an IRD-function on G. In this paper, we initiate the study of the independent Roman bondage number biR(G) of a graph G having at least one component of order at least three, defined as the smallest size of set of edges F ⊆ E(G) for which iR(G − F) > iR(G). We begin by showing that the decision problem associated with the independent Roman bondage problem is NP-hard for bipartite graphs. Then various upper bounds on biR(G) are established as well as exact values on it for some special graphs. In particular, for trees T of order at least three, it is shown that biR(T) ≤ 3, while for connected planar graphs the upper bounds are in terms of the maximum degree with refinements depending on the girth of the graph.
Virtual Reality in Engineering Education
Authors: Han Yunmeng
Published: February 2023

The idea of virtual reality (VR) has gained widespread acceptance in modern society. Although most people still see it as a new form of entertainment, in fact, this kind of digital technology will play an important role in the future of education, especially engineering education. It can provide students with more intuitive and visual multi-sensory stimulation. By allowing access to virtual spaces for learning activities, students can be better guided for deep learning and interest cultivation, and their cognitive and application processes can be accelerated. Therefore, it is of great significance to apply this technology to engineering education courses. This research paper reviews what virtual reality is and the application of virtual reality in engineering education, and analyzes the benefits brought by the application of virtual reality in engineering education. Virtual reality technology represents a positive vision in which it will be the most promising assistive technology for engineering education in the near future.
Research on the Impact of Big Country Agent Strategy on the “the Belt and Road”
Authors: Hao Liyang , Feng Junshui , Zhang Xinshun , Hu Zeting
Published: February 2023

The major initiatives of the “Silk Road Economic Belt” and the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” have become the broadest platform for international cooperation in line with the trend of economic globalization, and an initiative in line with the world’s multipolar development, cultural diversity and social informatization. The proposal of the “the Belt and Road” has made the world economy more globalized, more efficient in allocating resources and more deeply integrated into the market. The principle of the “the Belt and Road” initiative is to discuss, build and share together, promote infrastructure construction and connectivity, strengthen economic policy coordination and development strategy docking, promote coordinated and interconnected development, achieve common prosperity, and jointly build a community with a shared future for mankind. However, in the context of the implementation of the agent strategy by major countries, the “the Belt and Road” has been greatly affected in terms of economy, culture, resources, finance, security, etc. This paper comprehensively analyzes the profound impact of agent strategy on the “the Belt and Road” initiative worldwide, and it can be seen that the “the Belt and Road” is based on the position of China and countries along the Belt and Road, comprehensively strengthening economic cooperation among countries along the Belt and Road, and promoting high-quality economic and trade cooperation among countries along the Belt and Road.
Exploring the Changing Pathway to Cultivating an Elite ‘International’ Child in China
Authors: Ma Kexin
Published: February 2023

In the context of globalization, upper-middle-class parents choose international schools as an educational strategy to prepare their children to become cosmopolitans through the accumulation of linguistic and cosmopolitan cultural capital that can be transferred and bring advantages in the future. This article examines how legislative changes influence the international school market in China, affect parents’ choices while raising an ‘international’ child. In order to gain a competitive edge, this research hypothesized that parents might alter their school selection strategy and begin to accumulate ‘start-up’ capital for their children before compulsory schooling.
Overview of the Impact of Collaborative Online International Learning on Learners
Authors: Liu Yining
Published: February 2023

The collaborative online international learning (COIL) model has been used in language education and other disciplines for over a decade and to date, there has been considerable research into the effects of COIL and the factors related to the effects. However, the majority of these studies have generally focused on one or more skills of the student participants, making it difficult for current researchers to see the overall picture of COIL-related research, while a review study of previous research can fill this gap. This review study provides an up-to-date systematic review of research on the positive and negative effects of COIL’s teaching model on students and its influencing factors. On the one hand, this study summaries the effects of COIL on students’ language skills, t non-verbal skills, and affect. On the other hand, the author also provides a brief account of the factors that influence these effects in COIL and the research gaps in COIL. Students have a better language learning environment in the process of COIL. From the perspective of language skills, COIL can improve students’ fundamental language skills, such as listening, speaking, reading, writing, and translation, and the language in real communication. In terms of non-linguistic skills, participants significantly improve their intercultural communication skills and digital literacy through COIL, and improve the 21st century super skills. Students also demonstrate greater emotional gains through COIL, reducing their anxiety about using a second/foreign language to communicate with international peers and increasing their confidence in expressing their views in a language other than their native tongue. Overall, COIL can positively impact students in various aspects and the impacts vary across individual and contextual factors. Research gaps and future research directions are discussed. Also, implications for teachers, students, institutions, and researchers are provided.
The Relationship between Self-esteem, Self-compassion and Subjective Well-being
Authors: Yao Yutao
Published: February 2023

With the aim of providing an integrated understanding of how self-esteem and self-compassion interact to influence subjective well-being, specifically how is it explained by the dual process model of information processing, this essay reviewed the insights obtained from studies examining the nature of self-esteem, the dual process model in explaining the explicit-implicit self-esteem discrepancies, and the role of self-compassion in modulating the relationship between different type of combinations of implicit and explicit self-esteem and subjective well-being. It is concluded that, firstly, high self-esteem can be both the product of the self-verification process where individuals deem that they have accomplished the role of their identities and the psychological buffer by which individuals attenuate the anxiety of death. Secondly, the distinction between associative and propositional processing paves the way for explicit-implicit self-esteem discrepancies. Thirdly, when individuals are both low explicit self-esteem and implicit self-esteem, self-compassion as a propositional process could override associative processes to reduce negative affect; for individuals with both low explicit self-esteem and low implicit self-esteem, self-compassion could reduce people’s defensive tendencies.
A case of public landscape design for a small city - Dali Erhai Ecological Corridor manhole covers beautification project
Authors: Tao Rulin , Li Liping
Published: February 2023

Manhole covers are one of the most important public facilities in cities. They are the first choice for public landscape renovation in many small and medium-sized cities because of their low cost of renovation and quick results. Many cities around the world have manhole cover cultures, with more widely used and successful cases in Japan. At present, there is no systematic manhole cover culture in China. This study explores the practicality of manhole covers as a public landscape design for small cities from design, art form and material techniques of the Dali Erhai Ecological Corridor manhole covers landscaping project, which has the value of being widely used and promoted.
Case Study of Co-morbidities --- HIV/AIDS and Blood Cancer
Authors: Gong Fanke
Published: February 2023

HIV/AIDS is considered an uncurable disease today, and patients have to take medicine uninterrupted for their whole life to control the viral load. However, there have been five special cases possibly cured --- the Berlin patient (HIV-1 and AML), the London patient (HIV-1 and Hodgkin’s Lymphoma), the Düsseldorf patient (HIV-1 and AML), the New York patient (HIV-1 and high-risk AML monosomy 7), and the City of Hope patient (HIV-1 and AML). They were infected with HIV and blood cancer concurrently and received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT). By comparing the Düsseldorf patient and the New York patient who are in relatively similar conditions, umbilical cord blood (UCB) is very likely to be the better source for transplant based on the severity of graft versus host disease (GvHD) after transplant. A possible future treatment which is to combine the haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and gene therapy with the help of CRISPR-Cas9, is suggested.
General model for coupled infectious diseases clarifies how COVID synchronizes with the flu
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: February 2023

Disease incidences tend to synchronize earlier when dynamics couple cooperatively, whereas later synchronization stems from competition between diseases and reduces strain on the health care system.
Evaluating the impact of noise pollution on scallops
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: February 2023

Marine invertebrates, often overlooked when evaluating noise pollution, can suffer from nearby shipping and construction.
Prediction of the breakdown voltage and breakdown area of gas switches based on ionization integral
Authors: Zhang Motao , Zhang Huibo
Published: February 2023

Gas spark switches have a simple structure and high current capacity and are widely used in the field of pulsed power. The breakdown path of gas switches affects their jitter and lifetime. Particle simulations are used to analyze the breakdown path, which requires a large amount of computation resources. In this paper, in order to calculate the ionization integral value of electrode gaps, a simulation-based method using a simplified model is studied. The integration of the ionization coefficient along the E-field curves is calculated for the electrode gap and is used to determine if breakdown occurs for a given curve. The breakdown region of two-electrode self-breakdown switches is estimated using the distribution of breakdown curves, and the trigger voltage of a three-electrode gas-trigger switch is estimated by analyzing the curves. By applying the ionization integral value to different paths to reach the streamer formation condition as the breakdown criterion, the operating voltage and erosion region of the electrodes are estimated. The numerical results for an environmental pressure of 0.2 MPa are in good agreement with the experimental results from a triggering experiment that uses a three-electrode gas-triggered switch. This ionization integral model can be used to predict the breakdown voltage and breakdown region of gas switches, which is conducive to improving the performance of gas switches.
Programmable vapor-phase metal-assisted chemical etching for versatile high-aspect ratio silicon nanomanufacturing
Authors: Janavicius Lukas L. , Michaels Julian A. , Chan Clarence , Sievers Dane J. , Li Xiuling
Published: February 2023

Defying the isotropic nature of traditional chemical etch, metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) has allowed spatially defined anisotropic etching by using patterned metal catalyst films to locally enhance the etch rate of various semiconductors. Significant progress has been made on achieving unprecedented aspect ratio nanostructures using this facile approach, mostly in solution. However, the path to manufacturing scalability remains challenging because of the difficulties in controlling etch morphology (e.g., porosity and aggregation) and etch rate uniformity over a large area. Here, we report the first programmable vapor-phase MacEtch (VP-MacEtch) approach, with independent control of the etchant flow rates, injection and pulse time, and chamber pressure. In addition, another degree of freedom, light irradiation is integrated to allow photo-enhanced VP-MacEtch. Various silicon nanostructures are demonstrated with each of these parameters systematically varied synchronously or asynchronously, positioning MacEtch as a manufacturing technique for versatile arrays of three-dimensional silicon nanostructures. This work represents a critical step or a major milestone in the development of silicon MacEtch technology and also establishes the foundation for VP-MacEtch of compound semiconductors and related heterojunctions, for lasting impact on damage-free 3D electronic, photonic, quantum, and biomedical devices.
Nanosecond pulsed discharge in a gas–liquid mixture produced by hydrodynamic cavitation using Venturi tube
Authors: Wu Qiong , Luo Haiyun , Liu Zhigang , Zhang Liyang , Li Yutai , Zhang Qikang , Zou Xiaobing , Wang Xinxin
Published: February 2023

The nanosecond pulsed discharge in a gas–liquid mixture of a Venturi tube with the injection of oxygen was numerically and experimentally investigated. It was found that the density of the gas–liquid mixture close to the electrode at the water inlet is significantly lower than that at the water outlet. The lowest void fraction close to the water outlet is higher than 50%. When the oxygen flow rises from 0.5 SLPM to 3 SLPM, the flow mode changes from the bubble flow to the annular flow. If the applied voltage is kept at 45 kV in amplitude, the probability of the breakdown increases with the water flow and it reaches 100% as the water flow rises to 9.5 L/min. Since the pulsed breakdown voltage changes from shot to shot under the same experimental conditions, the distribution of 200 breakdown voltages was measured and the median in the distribution of the probability density, defined as U50, was determined. The curve of the U50 as a function of the oxygen flow takes the shape of “V,” similar to that of the Paschen curve obtained from the gas breakdown. An abnormal polarity effect in the breakdown voltage was observed, and the reason was given. By combining the results from the experiment with the numerical simulation, the spatial distribution of the reduced field at the time of breakdown was determined. The oxygen flows not higher than 0.5 SLPM are the better choice for getting a reduced field higher than 500 Td.
Origin of extra diffraction spots for high crystalline alpha-Ga2O3
Authors: Lee Yong-Hee , Yang Duyoung , Gil Byeongjun , Sheen Mi-Hyang , Yoon Euijoon , Park Yongjo , Jang Ho-Won , Yoon Sangmoon , Kim Miyoung , Kim Young-Woon
Published: February 2023

This work has investigated the microstructure characteristics of high-quality alpha-Ga2O3 thin film grown on the Al2O3 single crystal substrate membrane. Hetero-epitaxial alpha Ga2O3 crystals reveal the formation of a three-fold symmetry at the initial stage of the growth by the oxygen template provided by the Al2O3. Inversion domains are found, and they have a 180° inverted configuration from the surroundings. These IDs lead to extra diffraction spots when observed along [110] and [010].
Research on wake and potential flow effects of rotor–stator interaction in a centrifugal pump with guided vanes
Authors: Yu Tao , Shuai Zhijun , Wang Xi , Jian Jie , He Jiaxuan , Li Wanyou , Jiang Chenxing
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the wake and potential flow effects of the rotor–stator interaction in a centrifugal pump with guide vanes are investigated from the view of the separation of turbulent and acoustic pressure fluctuations. The highest vibration levels in pumps are, in general, originated in the potential flow and wake effects. However, it is challenging to distinguish their effects on flow evolution. The pellicular mode decomposition method is applied to innovatively separate potential flow and wake disturbances in a centrifugal pump. By pellicular, we mean an infinitely thin layer of air located on the monitoring surface. The pellicular modes are a set of acoustic modes, with which a set of normalized orthogonal basis can be constructed. The impacts of potential flow and wake disturbances are visualized and evaluated quantitatively. The results show that only a very limited region is where the potential flow disturbance works. The higher the harmonics, the smaller the disturbance range. The wake disturbance is responsible for the modal pressure field. Modal pressure fields with low diametrical nodes decay more slowly than those with low harmonics. In addition, special attention is paid to the impact of the geometric asymmetry of the volute on the impeller force. The circular volute with a two-stage pressure drop improves the radial force of the impeller. More deep understandings on the mechanism of the rotor–stator interaction are reached by decoupling the potential flow and wake disturbances. This work serves as a guide for further research in fault diagnosis and vibration control of centrifugal pumps.
Unraveling the bond structure, porosity, and mechanical properties amorphous ZIF-4 and its topological equivalents: Large scale ab initio calculations
Authors: Shi Zuhao , Hartati Sri , Arramel Arramel , Li Neng
Published: February 2023

Four large-scale amorphous zeolite imidazolate frameworks (a-ZIFs) have been constructed based on the continuous random network model. Structural properties correlation (SPC) between the mechanical properties and structural order (short-range, mid-range, or long-range orders) of ZIFs samples have been investigated by well-defined density functional theory calculations. The results demonstrated the effect of short-range and mid-range local order on the mechanical properties of the a-ZIFs, respectively. By combining different metal nodes and organic ligands, the porosity of a-ZIFs can be dramatically changed, leading to changes in Young’s modulus and shear modulus. The most important, SPC between structural order and mechanical properties of a-ZIFs is established, which will pave the way to designing high-strength and toughness ZIF-based glass.
Generation of terahertz vector beam bearing tailored topological charge
Authors: Mou Sen , D’Arco Annalisa , Tomarchio Luca , Macis Salvatore , Curcio Alessandro , Lupi Stefano , Petrarca Massimo
Published: February 2023

Optical vector beams have great potential in many applications, for example optical tweezers, information transmission and processing, laser surface structuring, particle acceleration, and vortex dichroism spectroscopy. However, the reported vector beams in the terahertz (THz) spectral range are limited to exhibiting only low-order topological charges. Therefore, methodologies to generate THz vector beams bearing a tailored topological charge are highly desired. This work investigates how to generate THz vector beams with a tailored topological charge via the optical rectification process in a 111-cut ZnTe crystal pumped with a vector optical beam and how to manipulate the vector THz beam’s polarization state through the initial polarization angle. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the transduction process produces a THz topological charge twice that of the infrared pump, also admitting the opposite sign. Given the well-developed technology to design infrared vector beams, the proposed method can generate THz vector beams with tailored topological charges.
Production of Nd-Fe-B bulk nanocomposite magnets by hot deformation
Authors: Saito Tetsuji , Nishio-Hamane Daisuke
Published: February 2023

In this study, the effects of Nd70Cu30 alloy powder addition on the microstructures and magnetic properties of Nd4Fe77.5B18.5 hot-deformed magnets were investigated. The Nd4Fe77.5B18.5 hot-deformed magnets consisted of the α-Fe, Fe3B, and Nd2Fe14B phases and were found to be nanocomposite. The coercivity of the Nd4Fe77.5B18.5 bulk nanocomposite magnets increased with Nd70Cu30 alloy powder addition. It was found that the Nd70Cu30 alloy reacted with the α-Fe and Fe3B phases in the Nd4Fe77.5B18.5 bulk nanocomposite magnets and formed the Nd2Fe14B phase. The Nd-Fe-B bulk nanocomposite magnet with 30% Nd70Cu30 alloy exhibited a high remanence of 9.72 kG and a high coercivity of 2.65 kOe.
Structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties of chromium doped Gd3Fe5-xCrxO12 garnet compound
Authors: Sultana Jolaikha , Mohapatra Jeotikanta , Liu J. Ping , Mishra Sanjay R.
Published: February 2023

The detailed structural, magnetic, and cryogenic magneto-caloric properties of chromium-substituted gadolinium iron garnet (Gd3Fe5-xCrxO12) nanocrystalline powders were studied using the facile autocombustion method and a calcination temperature of 1100 °C. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed that all samples were single-phase with cubic Ia3d symmetry. The temperature and field-dependent magnetization data of Gd3Fe5-xCrxO12 samples revealed a ferrimagnetic ordering at low temperatures. Upon Cr3+ substitution, the Curie temperature reduced by 7% at x = 0.25 from 560 K for x = 0.00 sample. In a field up to 5 T, the maximum magnetic entropy change was observed as ΔSM ∼ 3.8 J K−1 kg−1 for x = 0.00 and −ΔSM ∼ 3.9 J K−1 kg−1 for x = 0.25 sample, while the maximum relative cooling power, RCP, value of 420 J kg−1 was measured for x = 0.25 sample, which is 10% larger than the x = 0.00 (RCP ∼ 380 J kg−1). Therefore, Cr3+ substituted Gd3Fe5-xCrxO12 samples exhibit promising magneto-caloric performance and have potential low-temperature magnetic refrigeration applications.
Tunable magnetocrystalline anisotropy and high-frequency magnetic properties of Y2(Co1−xFex)17 and their composites
Authors: Zhang Pengyu , Wang Yuankang , Yang Wenyun , Yun Chao , Li Kewei , Liu Zhou , Xian Cong , Yuan Tao , Zhu Xiaoyu , Han Jingzhi , Du Honglin , Wang Changsheng , Yang Jinbo
Published: February 2023

Rare-earth transition-metal (R-T) intermetallic compounds are emerging as competitive candidates for novel microwave absorption materials (MAMs) since they show high magnetization and tunable easy magnetization directions (EMDs). In this work, Y2(Co1−xFex)17 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) compounds with the Th2Ni17 hexagonal structure were prepared with the purpose of tuning the EMDs. As x increases, the EMDs of the Y2(Co1−xFex)17 compounds change from the ab-plane (0 ≤ x < 0.0329) to the cone (0.0329 ≤ x ≤ 0.038) and then to the c-axis direction (0.038 < x ≤ 0.3). Furthermore, it was found that the extremely high cutoff frequencies of the uniaxial anisotropy materials give them considerably potential for microwave absorption applications above 10 GHz, despite their relatively low initial permeability compared to the planar anisotropic materials. By studying the high-frequency properties of Y2(Co1−xFex)17/paraffin composites, it is noted that uniaxial anisotropy compounds with x = 0.1 and x = 0.3 can possess higher permeability above 10 GHz as compared to both planar anisotropy and conical anisotropy compounds (x < 0.1) due to their high cutoff frequencies arising from large magnetocrystalline anisotropy fields. This can improve the impedance matching and thus lead to a better microwave absorption performance in the range of 10 to 40 GHz for materials with uniaxial anisotropy. Among all the compositions, the Y2(Co0.9Fe0.1)17/paraffin composite exhibits a minimum reflection loss (RL) of −50 dB at 6 GHz with a thickness of 2.5 mm and a wide qualified bandwidth (QB, RL < −10 dB) of 9.6 GHz at a center frequency of 30.3 GHz with a thickness of 0.6 mm, thus making it a promising candidate for MAMs above 10 GHz.
Tide-excluded banked wetlands on the marine plains of northeastern Australia provide important habitat for migratory shorebirds, other threatened bird species and the Capricorn Yellow Chat
Authors: Houston Wayne A. , Jaensch Roger , Elder Rod J. , Black Robert L. , Briggs Allan , Shearer Damon
Published: February 2023

Context Banked systems that modify natural wetlands to enhance reliability of grass production for cattle are common along coastal Central Queensland. These are mostly positioned in the supratidal zone of extensive marine plains, leaving mangroves and saltmarsh with regular tidal influence intact. Perceived negative impacts on fisheries and carbon sequestration are frequently cited as reasons to remove banks and restore tidal influence, yet there is no specific evidence relating to the banked wetlands in this region. All ecosystem services provided by these systems need to be considered before decisions are made. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the biodiversity values of marine plains with tide-exclusion banks. Methods Five banked sites (39 000 ha) were compared to a single unbanked site of similar vegetation and tidal position with multiple counts of waterbirds (13–48/site) over several years. Key results Banked sites collectively supported six threatened and 22 migratory species, including 17 migratory shorebirds, some with counts of international importance. All sites matched criteria used to define Ramsar wetlands. Banked sites had more waterbird species and a similar species richness of migratory shorebirds to the unbanked site. Conclusions Given these wetlands support substantial numbers of migratory shorebirds and endangered species such as Capricorn Yellow Chat, as well as their importance to food production and improving water quality reaching reef ecosystems, any proposed ‘restoration’ of these areas to the previous tide-influenced state should be subject to impact assessment. Implications Our study demonstrates that existing tide-excluded banked wetlands are beneficial for biodiversity and economic production, soundly justifying their retention.
Bioinformatics analysis and verification of hub genes in 46,XY, disorders of sexual development
Authors: Cao Zilong , Liu Liqiang , Bu Zhaoyun , Yang Zhe , Li Yangqun , Li Rui
Published: February 2023

Context 46,XY, disorders of sexual development (46,XY, DSD) is a congenital genetic disease whose pathogenesis is complex and clinical manifestations are diverse. The existing molecular research has often focused on single-centre sequencing data, instead of prediction based on big data. Aims This work aimed to fully understand the pathogenesis of 46,XY, DSD, and summarise the key pathogenic genes. Methods Firstly, the potential pathogenic genes were identified from public data. Secondly, bioinformatics was used to predict pathogenic genes, including hub gene analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) and function enrichment analysis. Lastly, the genomic DNA from two unrelated families were recruited, next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to verify the hub genes. Key results A total of 161 potential pathogenic genes were selected from MGI and PubMed gene sets. The PPI network was built which included 144 nodes and 194 edges. MCODE 4 was selected from PPI which scored the most significant P-value. The top 15 hub genes were ranked and identified by Cytoscape. Furthermore, three variants were found on SRD5A2 gene by genome sequencing, which belonged to the prediction hub genes. Conclusions Our results indicate that occurrence of 46,XY, DSD is attributed to a variety of genes. Bioinformatics analysis can help us predict the hub genes and find the most core network MCODE model. Implications Bioinformatic predictions may provide a novel perspective on better understanding the pathogenesis of 46,XY, DSD.
An HLA-G/SPAG9/STAT3 axis promotes brain metastases
Authors: Bassey-Archibong Blessing Iquo , Rajendra Chokshi Chirayu , Aghaei Nikoo , Kieliszek Agata Monika , Tatari Nazanin , McKenna Dillon , Singh Mohini , Kalpana Subapanditha Minomi , Parmar Arun , Mobilio Daniel , Savage Neil , Lam Fred , Tokar Tomas , Provias John , Lu Yu , Chafe Shawn Christopher , Swanton Charles , Hynds Robert Edward , Venugopal Chitra , Singh Sheila Kumari
Published: February 2023

Brain metastases (BM) are the most common brain neoplasm in adults. Current BM therapies still offer limited efficacy and reduced survival outcomes, emphasizing the need for a better understanding of the disease. Herein, we analyzed the transcriptional profile of brain metastasis initiating cells (BMICs) at two distinct stages of the brain metastatic cascade—the “premetastatic” or early stage when they first colonize the brain and the established macrometastatic stage. RNA sequencing was used to obtain the transcriptional profiles of premetastatic and macrometastatic (non-premetastatic) lung, breast, and melanoma BMICs. We identified that lung, breast, and melanoma premetastatic BMICs share a common transcriptomic signature that is distinct from their non-premetastatic counterparts. Importantly, we show that premetastatic BMICs exhibit increased expression of HLA-G, which we further demonstrate functions in an HLA-G/SPAG9/STAT3 axis to promote the establishment of brain metastatic lesions. Our findings suggest that unraveling the molecular landscape of premetastatic BMICs allows for the identification of clinically relevant targets that can possibly inform the development of preventive and/or more efficacious BM therapies.
Low‐intensity swimming with blood flow restriction over 5 weeks increases VO2peak: A randomized controlled trial using Bayesian informative prior distribution
Authors: Held Steffen , Rappelt Ludwig , Deutsch Jan‐Philip , Rein Robert , Wiedenmann Tim , Schiffer Anton , Bieder Andreas , Staub Ilka , Donath Lars
Published: February 2023

Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and speed at first (LT1, minimal lactate equivalent) and second lactate threshold (LT2 = LT1 +1.5 mmol·L−1) are crucial swimming performance surrogates. The present randomized controlled study investigated the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) during low‐intensity swimming (LiT) on VO2peak, LT1, and LT2. Eighteen male swimmers (22.7 ±3.0 yrs; 69.9 ±8.5 kg; 1.8 ±0.1 m) were either assigned to the BFR or control (noBFR) group. While BFR was applied during LiT, noBFR completed the identical LIT without BFR application. BFR of the upper limb was applied via customized pneumatic cuffs (75% of occlusion pressure: 135 ±10 mmHg; 8 cm cuff width). BFR training took place three times a week over 5 weeks (accumulated weekly net BFR training: 60 min·week−1; occlusion per session: 2‐times 10 min·session−1) and was used exclusively at low intensities. VO2peak, LT1, and LT2 diagnostics were employed. Bayesian credible intervals revealed notable VO2peak improvements by +0.29 L·min−1 kg−1 (95% credible interval: −0.26 to +0.85 L·min−1 kg−1) when comparing BFR vs. noBFR. Speed at LT1 −0.01 m·s−1 (−0.04 to +0.02 m·s−1) and LT2 −0.01 m·s−1 (−0.03 to +0.02 m·s−1) did not change meaningfully when BFR was employed. Fifteen sessions of LIT swimming (macrocycle of 5 h over 5 weeks) with a weekly volume of 60 min with BFR application adds additional impact on VO2peak improvement compared to noBFR LIT swimming. Occasional BFR applications should be considered as a promising means to improve relevant performance surrogates in trained swimmers.
Real-time buildup dynamics of additive dissipative soliton in mode-locked fiber lasers
Authors: Zhang Y S , Peng X Q , Zhang B , Zhang H , Chen D R , Cui Y D
Published: February 2023

Multi-soliton operation is a universal phenomenon in mode-locked lasers, which is generally considered to be generated from pulse splitting or pulse shaping of dispersive waves. Here, we experimentally unveiled the formation dynamics of additive dissipative soliton (ADS) in mode-locked fiber lasers by means of the time stretched technique. Two distinct evolution ways can be observed during the ADS formation process. One way is pulse splitting which corresponds to the soliton molecules with relatively close separation, while the other one is generated from background noise which corresponds to multi-solitons with loose separation. Due to the environmental perturbation, the former process undergoes transient quasi-periodic dissipative soliton explosion before the soliton molecules are stable and the latter way may suffer transient standstill before the formation of additive soliton. These findings could provide some assistance for further enhancing the comprehension of the buildup of multiple soliton and soliton molecules in dissipative systems.
An Operating Cost Calculation Method for Integrated Energy Systems Considering Components Failures
Authors: Zhu Lewei , Wang Yifei , Liu Zeyu , Hou Kai
Published: February 2023

As the energy problem becomes more and more serious, the integrated energy system (IES) becomes a hot research direction in the energy field. Existing studies have not considered the impact of component failures on the operating costs of IES. Therefore, people tend to underestimate operating costs, and accidents such as interruptions in energy supply may occur because of an over-optimism operation strategy. This paper proposes an operating cost calculation method to evaluate the normal and failure states of IES. Moreover, the impact of component failures on the IES is determined based on the incremental operating cost and failure rate. The results verify that the operating cost considering component failure significantly increases compared to the normal calculation method.
Improved performance of Cd-free CZTS thin-film solar cells by using CZTS0.4Se0.6 BSF layer
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , You Chengwu , Dan Zhiying , Wang Weizhe , Dong Ruibing
Published: February 2023

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cells (TFSCs) have received great attention from the solar cell industry for their environment, price, high absorption coefficient and great electronic properties. This work provides a strategy to prompt the photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) of CdS/CZTS-based TFSCs via introducing the back surface field (BSF) layer and wxAMPS to simulate the results. Meanwhile, the optimum ratio of sulfur to selenium in the BSF layer material CZTSSe has been also studied, and a new device structure has been constructed. Beneficial from the introduction of CZTSSe as a BSF layer, the interface recombination is suppressed and leads to an enhanced Voc. Subsequently, MoO3, ZnS, WO3, TiO2 and In2S3 as candidates to substitute for the toxic Cd buffer layer are investigated. The results demonstrate that In2S3/CZTSSe exhibits the best performance with 28.59 % and 0.99 V, ascribed to a superior spike-like value. It was found that the presence of a spike-like conduction band (CB) at the In2S3/CZTSSe interface and a more suitable conduction band offset (CBO) value could suppress the interfacial complexation. Therefore, In2S3 performs best as a buffer layer material. However, due to the cost of indium, this paper recommends the utilization of wide bandgap semiconductor materials MoO3 and ZnS, which also have good stability and conversion efficiencies that can reach 28.38% and 28.41%, respectively. The work of this paper provides important guidance for researchers to manufacture CZTS TFSCs.
With a Long Connecting Pipe Surge Hydraulic Characteristics Research
Authors: Yang Shaojia , Li Yu
Published: February 2023

The Downstream Surge Chamber of a pumped storage power station adopts impedance with an upper chamber layout. The tailrace tunnel is connected with the connecting pipe through a right-angle bifurcated pipe and bend. The layout type is special and the water flow conditions are complex. To study its hydraulic characteristics, a three-dimensional flow field mathematical model of the connecting pipe at the bottom of the surge chamber is established, and the variation law of hydraulic characteristics under different diversion ratios and confluence ratios is studied. The results show that for the resistance loss of the surge chamber with the complex bottom flow, the three-dimensional numerical simulation can achieve a better simulation effect, and the calculation results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis results. Because the elbow is at the bottom of the surge chamber, the sudden expansion and contraction between the connecting pipe and the big well will cause additional hydraulic losses, its head loss coefficient is greater than that of the conventional impedance surge chamber, and the flow coefficient is smaller than that of the separate impedance hole.
Flexibility dispatching strategy for power grid based on partition method of renewables penetration rate
Authors: Pan MinQi , Song XuDong
Published: February 2023

With the proliferation of the penetration rate of renewable energy sources (RESs), more flexibility should be released to cope with the demand caused by the uncertainty of RESs output. Thus, it is paramount to divide different stages of the RESs penetration rate from the perspective of dispatching to represent the flexibility supply-demand relationship. Based on these considerations, this paper presents a novel approach to divide the level of RESs grid-connected with the aim to counteract the volatility and alleviate its effect of it. Herein, we define two specific stages with heterogeneous dispatching strategy, the first stage aiming at minimizing RESs power limit while the second stage takes the secure operation of the power grid as the optimal target by adjusting the optimization objectives of intraday rolling and real-time dispatching plan. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the partition method.
Study on the Influence of Coil Placement on Pulsed Eddy Current Testing
Authors: Han Yang , Ding Qing-yue , Xu Xing-xing
Published: February 2023

The pipeline system of plant is installed with an insulation layer on the outer wall of the pipeline. Currently, the primary methods of detecting pipeline system is ultrasound and uradiographic testing, which require the removal of the outside layer before testing. As a result, detecting time extends, and labor costs increase, increase the risk of accidental exposure. Applying the PEC technique for steam pipelines can eliminate the disassembly of insulation and achieve non-stop online screening. The defects testing by coil placement is an essential indicator of the PEC technique, which is the main influence factor of PEC accuracy. The article intensifies the modeling and simulation of the pipelines by applying Ansys Maxwell and designs coaxial and vertical detection coils to simulate the detection capability of PEC on flat bottom defects in case of consistency in the lift-off distance, materials, and other conditions. It selects nuclear power plant sample pipes for coaxial and vertical PEC testing. Recording the test result of PEC and UT methods, and the effects of two coil placement methods on PECT are compared. Finally, the study proposes development trends.
Enhancing the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material by Li+/F− co-doping
Authors: Wei Aijia , Mu Jinping , He Rui , Zhang Lihui , Liu Zhenfa
Published: February 2023

A solid-state ball-milling method was used to prepare the Li+/F− co-doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 materials. XRD characterizations reveal that the Li+/F− co-doping decreases the LixNi1-xO impurities contents and enhances the structural stability. It can be seen from SEM analysis that the crystal morphology of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material changes into a phase octahedron morphology because of Li+/F− co-doping. The electrochemical performance tests results show Li1.03Ni0.5Mn1.5O3.97F0.03 material possesses a higher rate capability. Specifically, the discharge capacity of Li1.03Ni0.5Mn1.5O3.97F0.03 material at 2, 3, 5, and 7 C-rate was 127.3, 120.4, 103.3 and 79.0 mAh·g−1, respectively, while that of the Pure LNMO yields only 117.7, 109.8, 88.3 and 54.2 mAh·g−1.
Influence of Different Ship Harmonic Vibration Directions on Dynamic Response of PEMFC
Authors: Chen Zetao , Liu Qunfang , Nie Yuming , Zhu Dandan , Wen Xiaofei
Published: February 2023

For the sake of study the applicability of PEMFC on ships, a three-dimensional single channel fuel cell model was established. The vibration load was loaded on the model through dynamic grid technology and user-defined function (UDF) method. The output voltage and reactive gas distribution of PEMFC loaded in different vibration directions were compared and analyzed. The results show that ship vibration will affect the transmission of components in the battery, resulting in incomplete electrochemical reaction and degradation of PEMFC performance. The influence of vertical vibration is greater than that of longitudinal vibration and lateral vibration.
Design of On-line Monitoring System for Photovoltaic Power Generation Power Quality Based on Stm32
Authors: Nie Yin , Huang Yong , Luo Wenxiang , Zhou Wenhao
Published: February 2023

Monitoring the quality of photovoltaic power generation in remote mountain areas is difficult, so this paper proposes a real-time online monitoring system to solve the problem by using AD7606 high-precision ADC chip and STM32 single-chip microcomputer. AD7606 realizes real-time acquisition and conversion of three-phase power data. STM32 performs wavelet transformation on the collected data to obtain power quality parameters. It stores the power quality parameters in the SD card and then uploads the power quality parameters to the host computer through Lora to display each power quality parameter in real time. Experiments show that the system can reliably realize on-line real-time monitoring of the power quality of photovoltaic power generation.