bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Digital Atlas of Ancient Rare Diseases (DAARD) and its relevance for current research
Authors: Gresky Julia , Frotscher Melina , Dorn Juliane , Scheelen-Nováček Kristina , Ahlbrecht Yannick , Jakob Tina , Schönbuchner Toni , Canalejo José , Ducke Benjamin , Petiti Emmanuele
Published: March 2024

Background
The history of rare diseases is largely unknown. Research on this topic has focused on individual cases of prominent (historical) individuals and artistic (e.g., iconographic) representations. Medical collections include large numbers of specimens that exhibit signs of rare diseases, but most of these date to relatively recent periods. However, cases of rare diseases detected in mummies and skeletal remains from archaeological excavations have also been recorded. Nevertheless, this direct evidence from historical and archaeological contexts is mainly absent from academic discourse and generally not consulted in medical research on rare diseases.
Results
This desideratum is addressed by the Digital Atlas of Ancient Rare Diseases (DAARD: https://daard.dainst.org), which is an open access/open data database and web-based mapping tool that collects evidence of different rare diseases found in skeletons and mummies from all over the world and throughout all historic and prehistoric time periods. Disease or individual data, the preservation level of human remains, research methodology, and information about places of curation and literature references are easy to search for. In this manuscript, the design and functionality of the DAARD are illustrated through the example of achondroplasia and other types of stunted growth.
Conclusions
As an open, collaborative repository for collecting, mapping and querying well-structured medical data on individuals from ancient times, the DAARD opens new research avenues. The number of rare diseases can increase by adding new cases from a variety of backgrounds such as museum collections and archaeological excavations. Depending on the research question, phenotypic or genetic information can be retrieved, as well as information on the general occurrence of a rare disease in selected space–time intervals. Furthermore, for individuals diagnosed with a rare disease, this approach helps them to build identity and reveal an aspect of their rare disease that they may not have been previously aware of. Thus, the DAARD contributes to the understanding of rare diseases from a long-term perspective and adds to the latest relevant research.
Integrated Metabolomics and Proteomics Analyses to Reveal Anticancer Mechanism of Hemp Oil Extract in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yu Hengyuan , Chen Yang , Deng Jiayin , Cai Guoxin , Fu Weiliang , Shentu Chengyu , Xu Youdong , Liu Jie , Zhou Yuan , Luo Yingjie , Chen Yong , Liu Xuesong , Wu Yongjiang , Xu Tengfei , Zeng Su
Published: March 2024

Background
Cannabis sativa L. has a lengthy medical history in Chinese folk medicine. Industrial cannabis, also known as hemp, refers to cannabis strains with no addictive effect and holds great economic and medical value. Hemp exhibited multiple pharmaceutical activities with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. Hemp oil extract (HOE), a mixture of cannabinoid-rich components extracted from hemp, has shown potential in treating colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the specific anticancer mechanisms of HOE remain unclear. This research aims to elucidate the anticancer mechanisms of HOE in the treatment of CRC by employing an integrated omic approach, analyzing changes in cellular metabolites and proteins.
Methods
In this study, we employed mass spectrometry-based omic approaches, specifically metabolomics and proteomics, to comprehensively investigate the global effects of HOE on colorectal cancer cells. Bioinformatics analysis including bulk RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq were utilized to unravel specific gene expression differences and heterogeneity in CRC. The inferred conclusions were confirmed by utilizing flow cytometry, western blot, and immunohistochemistry techniques.
Results
The in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that HOE induced significant changes in purine metabolism pathways, down-regulated c-MYC and inhibited the expression of cell cycle-related proteins, including CCND1, CDK4, CDK6, which herein arrested cell cycle in G1 phase.
Conclusion
Through Integrating Metabolomics and Proteomics approaches, a comprehensive analysis of anticancer mechanisms of HOE on CRC was conducted. The study demonstrated that HOE blocks the cell cycle in the G1 phase by inhibiting c-MYC, leading to the inhibition of colorectal cancer cell proliferation. These findings provide experimental evidence for the potential use of hemp in medicine.
I Can’t Afford it Right Now, So it Doesn’t Matter” Structural Drivers of Viral Suppression Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Longitudinal Qualitative Approach
Authors: Dove-Medows Emily , Knox Justin , Valentine-Graves Mariah , Sullivan Patrick
Published: March 2024

Background
Racial disparities in outcomes across the HIV care continuum, including in viral suppression, have been observed among sexual minority men (SMM) living with HIV. Structural factors are drivers of these disparities, yet data is lacking at the individual level on how day-to-day experiences of these structural factors contribute to losing viral suppression, and what happens to SMM after loss of viral suppression, including whether they achieve viral suppression again over time.
Method
We conducted longitudinal semi-structured interviews with a subsample of men living with HIV drawn from a larger cohort study. Three Black and 2 White SMM participated in a series of three interviews after they lost viral suppression, and then again at 6- and 12-months follow-up. The focus of the interviews was on experiences with structural issues (e.g., housing, transportation, employment, insurance) and their impact on HIV care.
Results
Content analysis showed that multiple structural issues disrupted HIV care, particularly insurance, housing stability, transportation, and employment. Black SMM described experiencing multiple compounding structural barriers, and they struggled to achieve viral suppression again.
Conclusions
These data show how SMM living with HIV are impacted by structural barriers to HIV care over time. Black SMM experienced multiple, compounding barriers, and these negatively impacted HIV care outcomes over time. Efforts to address long-standing HIV care-related disparities need to address the mechanisms of structural racism.
The relationship between cumulative family risk and depression in left-behind children: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Yu Wanwan , Chen Ming , Yan Jing , Ding Yang , Zhu Chunyan
Published: March 2024

Background
Depression in left-behind children has garnered attention from researchers worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying depression among left-behind children in the context of multiple family risk factors remain unclear. Therefore, this study is grounded in the cumulative risk model, psychological mediation model, and ecological systems theory, and proposes a moderated mediation model. It aims to investigate the mediating role of core self-evaluation in the relationship between cumulative family risk and depression among left-behind children, and whether this process is moderated by school climate.
Methods
A total of 415 rural left-behind children from 35 townships in Anhui Province, China (54.46% males; mean age = 12.53, SD = 2.27) were investigated using the Cumulative Family Risk Questionnaire, Core Self-Evaluation Scale, Perceived School Climate Questionnaire, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS 3.3.
Results
After controlling for gender, age, grade, and left-behind type, cumulative family risk positively predicted depression in left-behind children. Core self-evaluation fully mediated the relationship between cumulative family risk and depression in left-behind children. Moreover, school climate moderated the relationship between cumulative family risk and core self-evaluation (the first half of the mediation pathway), indicating that as the school climate level increased, cumulative family risk became more predictive of core self-evaluation.
Conclusion
The findings elucidate the relationship between accumulated family risks and depression in left-behind children, along with their underlying mechanisms. This insight has implications for preventing and intervening in depression among left-behind children. Initiatives should prioritize interventions at the family level to cultivate a positive family atmosphere and mitigate the accumulation of family risks. Simultaneously, emphasis should be placed on fostering and refining internal appraisal systems without overstating the protective role of a positive school environment, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of depression.
Androgen loss weakens anti-tumor immunity and accelerates brain tumor growth
Authors: Lathia Justin , Lee Juyeun , Chung Yoon-Mi , Curtin Lee , Silver Daniel , Hao Yue , Li Cathy , Volovetz Josephine , Hong Ellen , Jarmula Jakub , Wang Sabrina , Kay Kristen , Berens Michael , Nicosia Michael , Swanson Kristin , Sharifi Nima
Published: March 2024

Many cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM), have a male-biased sex difference in incidence and outcome. The underlying reasons for this sex bias are unclear but likely involve differences in tumor cell state and immune response. This effect is further amplified by sex hormones, including androgens, which have been shown to inhibit anti-tumor T cell immunity. Here, we show that androgens drive anti-tumor immunity in brain tumors, in contrast to its effect in other tumor types. Upon castration, tumor growth was accelerated with attenuated T cell function in GBM and brain tumor models, but the opposite was observed when tumors were located outside the brain. Activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) axis was increased in castrated mice, particularly in those with brain tumors. Blockade of glucocorticoid receptors reversed the accelerated tumor growth in castrated mice, indicating that the effect of castration was mediated by elevated glucocorticoid signaling. Furthermore, this mechanism was not GBM specific, but brain specific, as hyperactivation of the HPA axis was observed with intracranial implantation of non-GBM tumors in the brain. Together, our findings establish that brain tumors drive distinct endocrine-mediated mechanisms in the androgen-deprived setting and highlight the importance of organ-specific effects on anti-tumor immunity.
Hospital Pharmacists’ Intervention In Access To Innovative Therapies – Opportunities And Strategies: A Mixed-Method Design
Authors: Coelho Helena , Fraga Susana , Lopes Teresa , Fraga João , Santos Susana , Ferro Margarida
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Hospital Pharmacists (HP) intervene in multiple activities to ensure the patient access to innovative therapies in hospitals, including decision-making process.
AIM: To identify opportunities and strategies that leverage the intervention of HP to improve the access pathway to innovative therapies in hospitals of these therapies.
METHODS: After semi-structured interviews, a survey was implemented targeting Portuguese HP, followed by an expert panel with HP (n=12) to reach a consensus. Data was collected between October 2021 and March 2022.
RESULTS: 58 HP answered the survey. Even though the most important activities identified were related to HP’s support in the decision-making for approval of innovative therapies, it was consensual that there are opportunities for optimizing this process. The expert panel proposed 5 strategic actions focusing on access to legal information about innovative therapies, the approval process, and enhancing collaboration among all stakeholders.
CONCLUSION: HP’s intervention in the decision-making process is essential in the therapeutic innovation access pathway. Therefore, it is important to implement strategies to make the process faster, more informative, and efficient.
Computational Method for k-Distance Limited Minimum Feedback Vertex Set and Its Application to Biological Networks
Authors: Nakashima Shogo , Akutsu Tatsuya
Published: March 2024

Background
Feedback vertex set (FVS), a graph theory concept, is used to identify critical nodes in network and system control. Extended versions of FVS are continuously explored and have found applications in biological data analysis and system control. Then, the minimum feedback vertex set (MFVS), defined as the FVS with the smallest number of elements among all feedback vertex sets, is important when controlling a system with the least number of nodes.
Results
In this paper, we introduce the concept of the k-distance limited Minimum Feedback Vertex Set (kMFVS) as an extension to MFVS. We present a novel approach for obtaining the exact solutions for kMFVS using Integer Linear Programming (ILP). Simulations offer a means to determine the value of k for kMFVS in random graphs, depending on the number of nodes in the graph. Applying kMFVS to real biological data, we show that compared to MFVS, kMFVS improves recall by using only information about the network structure.
Conclusion
kMFVS can extract important nodes (genes) from pure network structures better than MFVS. Fur- thermore, we prove that in a discrete-time network, by controlling nodes chosen as kMFVS, the system can be transitioned to an arbitrary static steady state in at most k discrete times. Despite the computational complexity of the kMFVS problem, the proposed ILP-based method is capable of identifying exact optimal solutions even for scale-free graphs with approximately 3000 nodes.
Multi-Criteria Approach to Determine the Suitability of Potato Harvesters: Case Study Application of Motorcycle Drawn in Nyandarua County, Kenya .
Authors: Nanje Martin , Gitau Ayub , Mbuge Duncan
Published: March 2024

Agricultural mechanisation is vital because it raises labour efficiency and enhances farm production per worker. However, not all fields are suitable for mechanisation. This study sought to determine the viability of introducing potato harvesting equipment drawn by motorcycles in Nyandarua County, Kenya. Soil analysis was done on samples from different parts of the county to understand the properties of soils that affect agricultural tool interaction and to study the movement of the digging part of the machines in the soil. With the help of various physical and mechanical soil tests, this study spatially determined suitable areas for potato mechanisation using Multi-Criteria Evaluation and Geographic Information System analysis. The criteria used in this analysis were soil, climate, and topography. The criteria were selected based on information available about potato mechanisation. The data from the criteria was analysed in the Quantum Geographic Information System environment. A map was generated in which the area was classified into four suitability levels for the operation of a potato harvester: Highly Suitable (S1), Moderately Suitable (S2), Marginally Suitable (S3), and Not Suitable (N) based on Food and Agriculture Organization guidelines. The Analytic Hierarchy Process decision-making tool was used to determine each criterion's deduced weights and associated influence. The weights were used as inputs in the weighted overlay analysis and final maps generated. This research aids in informed decision-making for agricultural mechanization in Nyandarua County, helping farmers and policymakers identify the most suitable regions for adopting this technology. By enhancing labour efficiency and farm productivity, the findings contribute to the overall improvement of the agricultural sector in the region, emphasizing the importance of considering multiple criteria when assessing the feasibility of introducing new farming equipment.
Silicon based Double Fano resonances photonic integrated gas sensor
Authors: Salama Norhan A. , Alexeree Shaimaa M. , Obayya Salah S. A. , Swillam Mohamed A.
Published: March 2024

The telecommunication wavelengths play a crucial role in the development of photonic integrated circuit (PIC). The absorption fingerprints of many gases lie within these spectral ranges, offering the potential to create miniaturized gas sensor for (PIC). In this work, we present novel double Fano resonances within the telecommunication wavelength range, based on silicon metasurface for selective gas sensing applications. Our proposed design comprises periodically coupled nanodisk and nano-bar resonators mounted on a quartz substrate. We show that the Fano resonances can be precisely tuned across the wavelength range from (𝜆=1.52𝜇m) to (𝜆=1.7𝜇m) by adjusting various geometrical parameters. Furthermore, we optimize the sensor for double detection of carbon monoxide (CO), with an absorption fingerprint at ~ 1.566 𝜇m, and nitrous oxide (N2O), with an absorption fingerprint at ~ 1.67𝜇m. The sensor exhibits exceptional refractometric sensitivity to CO of 1,735 nm/RIU with an outstanding FOM of 11,570. In addition, the sensor shows a sensitivity to N2O of 194 accompanied by a FOM of 510. The structure reveals absorption losses of 7% for CO and 3% for N2O. The outstanding FOM and absorption losses provide selectivity for the sensing material. Our proposed design holds significant promise for the development of highly sensitive double detection refractometric photonic integrated gas sensor.
An Efficient Multi-Gram Access in a Two-step Synthesis to Soluble Nine-atomic Silylated Silicon Clusters
Authors: Fässler Thomas , Frankiewicz Kevin , Willeit Nicole , Hlukhyy Viktor
Published: March 2024

Silicon is by far the most important semiconducting material. However, solution-based synthetic approaches for unsaturated silicon-rich molecules require less efficient multi-step syntheses. We report on a straightforward access to soluble, polyhedral Si9 clusters from the binary phase K12Si17, which contains both [Si4]4- and [Si9]4- clusters. [Si4]4- ions, characterised by a high charge per atom ratio, behave as strong reducing agents, preventing [Si9]4- from directed reactions. By the here reported separation of [Si4]4-, Si9 clusters are isolated as monoprotonated [Si9H]3- ions on a multi-gram scale and further crystallised as their 2.2.2 Cryptate salt. 20 grams of the product can be obtained through this two-step procedure - a new starting point for silicon Zintl chemistry such as the first isolation and structural characterisation of a trisilylated [MeHyp3Si9]- cluster.
Ultrasonographic assessment of diaphragm function to predict need for mechanical ventilation and its liberation in patients with neuromuscular disorders: an observational, cohort, pilot study
Authors: Nair Shalini , More Atul , Karrupasamy Reka , Sivadasan Ajith , Aaron Sanjith
Published: March 2024

Objective: Evaluate diaphragmatic function using ultrasound to predict ventilatory need and weaning in neuromuscular patients.
Design: Prospective, observational, pilot study.
Setting: Neurology ward, high- dependency and intensive care unit.
Patients: Adult neuromuscular patients needing inpatient treatment
Interventions: Ultrasonographic assessment of diaphragmatic excursion (DE) and diaphragmatic thickness fraction (DTF) every 48 hours (ventilated patients) to 72 hours (non-ventilated patients) till weaned from ventilator or discharge.
Measurements:
Parameters measured: Primary- Need for mechanical ventilation.
Secondary- Days on ventilator, number of ICU days
Statistical assessment: Qualitative data- as % and quantitative data as mean +/- standard deviation.
Continuous variables- compared using unpaired T tests and categorical variables with Chi-square tests. Contingency table analysis-for computing relative risks to compare baseline DE and DTF with serial changes.
Main Results: DE reduced bilaterally over 48 hours of admission before needing mechanical ventilation. DTF failed to show any pattern of change. In non-ventilated patients, improvement in bilateral DE and DTF from first to third reading was observed. Mean values for serial DE readings, bilaterally, was significantly lower in ventilated patients compared to non-ventilated patients (p value – 0.05 & 0.01).
Baseline left DE < 1cm showed 2.5 times relative risk for needing ventilation with a confidence interval of 0.62-0.99 (p value – 0.19). A decrease in right DE > 50% within 72 hours of admission had a relative risk of 3.3 for need of ventilation with a confidence interval of 1.29-8.59 (p value – 0.01).
A positive change in bilateral serial DE readings implied higher ventilator free days.
Conclusion: Serial DE measurements with a reducing trend in the first 2 days, a baseline left DE <1cm and a decrease in Rt DE of >50%are associated with need for mechanical ventilation in neuromuscular patients. This can help triage sicker patients earlier. Increased DE in ventilated patients is associated with increased ventilator free days and can predict early weaning.
Effect of NK cell receptor genetic variation on allogeneic stem cell transplantation outcome and in vitro NK cell cytotoxicity
Authors: Nihtilä Julia , Penna Leena , Salmenniemi Urpu , Itälä-Remes Maija , Crossland Rachel E , Gallardo David , Bogunia-Kubik Katarzyna , Lacina Piotr , Bieniaszewska Maria , Giebel Sebastian , Karjalainen Katariina , Jahan Farhana , Kerkelä Erja , Hyvärinen Kati , Koskela Satu , Ritari Jarmo , Partanen Jukka
Published: March 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells recognize malignant cells via their cell surface receptors and may kill them. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genotypes of donors have been reported to adjust the risk of relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), particularly in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. To test whether non-KIR NK cell receptors have a similar effect, we screened 796 genetic polymorphisms in 14 non-KIR NK cell receptor genes for their associations with relapse and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after HSCT in 1,491 HSCT donors (from Finland, the UK, Spain, and Poland), divided into a discovery and replication cohort. Two polymorphisms flanking the gene CD226 (DNAM-1) and two flanking FCGR3A (CD16a) were associated with a nominally reduced risk for relapse and chronic GVHD, respectively. These associations could not be confirmed in the replication cohort of 446 HSCT donors from the same populations. The blood donor NK cells carrying these nominally protective genetic alleles had a higher in vitro killing activity than the noncarriers, potentially indicating functional effects. Taken together, these results show no robust effects of genetic variation in tested non-KIR NK cell receptors on the outcome of HSCT.
A finite element model to analyse forming defects in rolling-extrusion of finned tubes
Authors: Filice Luigino , Borda Francesco , Trotta Francesco , Gagliardi Francesco
Published: March 2024

Finned tubes improve the efficiency of air-cooled heat exchangers by increasing the transmission surface area. The rolling-extrusion process can be employed to their manufacturing by plastic deforming single- or multi- material tubes. The forming steps are usually performed by rotating specific heads composed of a series of disks, whose dimensions are customised to achieve the desired fins’ sizes in terms of height, thickness and pitch. Process parameters, such as the temperature of the disks and of the processed material or the lubricant conditions mainly affect the quality of the obtained products in terms of performance, but also in terms of integrity of both manufactured parts and employed equipment. Numerical simulations resulted to be important in understanding the stress and strain distribution during the forming phase of the tubes. Anyway, the process dynamics and the geometries to be produced require 3D simulations that usually are complex to be set and really time consuming. In the proposed research, empirical industrial expertise on rolling extrusion of finned tubes was exploited to propose a 2D numerical approach able to provide manufacturing directions at changing of the pointed-out process conditions. Specifically, the numerical model was set for manufacturing a bimetallic finned tube for oil & gas applications. The model was set to achieve conditions in terms of shape and size of the fins comparable to the experiments. The model was subsequently employed at changing of the process parameters highlighting their influences on the conditions that can result on products non-conformities and/or in rupture of the rotating heads impacting significantly on both product quality and production capacity.
Multifunctional and high-performance electrothermal films based on carbon black/Ag nanowires/graphene composites
Authors: Zhang Jiaheng , Gao Chaochao , Yu Wen , Wang Zijian , Zhu Zhenye
Published: March 2024

A novel carbon black/Ag nanowires/graphene (CB/Ag/G) composite electrothermal film was fabricated via a simple and green method. An Ag/G composite synthesized by liquid-phase exfoliation and in-situ photoreduction was mixed with CB to form a composite conductive ink, and the CB/Ag/G composite electrothermal film with a point-line-plane three-dimensional microstructure was obtained via blade coating process. Both the addition of Ag nanowires and a subsequent compression rolling treatment induced the establishment of effective conductive network in the electrothermal film, endowing it with an outstanding conductivity of 399.4 S cm-1. The CB/Ag/G film reached a Ts of 204 °C with an input voltage of 3.0 V, and was successfully applied in water heating and de-icing, demonstrating its extraordinary electrothermal performance and vast potential for large-scale practical applications. Moreover, the CB/Ag/G film was also used as an electromagnetic shielding film and heat dissipation substrate, showing exceptional electromagnetic shielding (42.5 dB) and heat dissipation properties.
Coronary artery calcification is associated with adverse autonomic and hemodynamic responses to prolonged high-intensity endurance exercise
Authors: Svane Jakob , Wiktorski Tomasz , Eftestøl Trygve Christian , Ørn Stein
Published: March 2024

Background Physical exercise is associated with increased life duration and improved life quality. Paradoxically, high exercise intensity is also associated with increased coronary artery calcification (CAC) and a small but significant increased risk of myocardial infarction and cardiac death during high-intensity exercise. The mechanisms and the clinical implications of the association between prolonged high exercise intensity and increased CAC are unknown.
Aim This study aims to determine if there are differences in cardiovascular hemodynamic measures and heart rate variability (HRV) in individuals with (CAC+) and without CAC (CAC-).
Methods Hemodynamic measures from 56 healthy, middle-aged (51.0 [43.0-58.0] years [median, (Q1-Q3)]) individuals (41 men/15 women) participating in a 91-km (251.2 [217.2-271.6] minutes) leisure sport mountain bike race were included in this study. 25 participants (20 men/5 women), were classified as CAC+ based on coronary computer tomographic assessment. Hemodynamic measures and HRV were used to assess the study subjects at the top of the hardest hill (THH) during the last quarter of the race.
Results At the top of THH, CAC+ individuals had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (235.0 [225.0-245.0] mmHg vs 220.0 [192.5-237.5] mmHg, p=0.008), higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (105.0 [95.0-110.0] mmHg vs 95.0 [85.0-110.0] mmHg, p=0.006), higher pulse pressure (130.0 [125.0-140.0] mmHg vs 123.0 [110.0-130.0] mmHg, p=0.039), higher mean rate pressure product (33882 [30872-35053] bpm x mmHg vs 31028 [27392-33047] bpm x mmHg, p=0.028), and larger increase in DBP from baseline (20.0 [20.0-30.0] mmHg vs 10.0 [0.0-20.0] mmHg, p=0.001), compared with CAC- individuals. Further, CAC+ showed a significant reduction in the low-frequency component of HRV (HRVLF) (6.3 [2.4-11.5] ms2 vs 12.4 [6.8-20.2] ms2, p=0.044). In multivariate analysis, HRVLF was an independent predictor of presence of CAC even after adjusting for established risk factors of atherosclerosis.
Conclusion CAC+ individuals had significant alterations in hemodynamic measures and HRVLF following prolonged high-intensity exercise compared to individuals without CAC. HRVLF was an independent predictor of CAC, suggesting an adverse autonomic response to high-intensity exercise in individuals with CAC.
D-Glutamate Production by Stressed Escherichia Coli Provides a Clue for the Induction Mechanism of the ALS Disease
Authors: Monselise Edna Ben Izhak , Vyazmensky Maria , Scherf Tali , Batushansky Albert , Fishov Itzhak
Published: March 2024

In the search for the origin of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis disease (ALS(, we hypothesized earlier (Monselise, 2019) that D-amino acids produced by stressed microbiome may serve as inducers of the disease development. Many examples of D-amino acid accumulation under various stress conditions were demonstrated in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In this work, wild-type Escherichia coli, members of the digestive system, were subjected to carbon and nitrogen starvation stress. Using NMR and LC-MS techniques, we found for the first time that D-glutamate accumulated in the stressed bacteria but not in control cells. These results together with the existing knowledge, allow us to suggest a new insight into the pathway of ALS development: D-glutamate, produced by the stressed microbiome, induces neurobiochemical miscommunication setting on C1q of the complement system. Proving this insight may have great importance in preventive medicine of such MND modern-age diseases as ALS, Alzheimer, and Parkinson.
Correlation Analysis of Blood Lipid Level and Thyroid Tumors
Authors: Liu Shuang , Guo Yuanyuan , Li Zhijie , Gong Jun , Liao Pu
Published: March 2024

Background: The level of blood lipids has been found to reflect the occurrence and development of tumors to a certain extent. This article explores the correlation between blood lipid levels and thyroid tumors.
Methods: A total of 915 patients with thyroid tumors were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups according to the benign and malignant tumors. The total cholesterol (TCHO), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein (a) and other detection indicators before starting treatment were recorded. The comparison between the two groups were evaluated by Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square test. The relationship between the blood lipid level and thyroid tumors were assessed by Spearman correlation analysis , dose-effect analysis and logistic regression methods.
Results: Serum TCHO (median 4.85 vs 5,14, p=0.001), HDL-C (median 1.37 vs 1.48, p=0.001), LDL-C (median 2.50 vs 2.68, p=0.006) and lipoprotein (a) (median 111 vs 133, p=0.023) levels of patients with malignant thyroid tumors were significantly lower than those of patients with benign thyroid tumors. The logistic regression models showed that the OR value of HDL-C was 0.493(0.272,0.894), and the P value was 0.02. This suggests that HDL-C is a protective factor. In addition, HDL-C was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis(p=0.005) and the maximum tumor diameter(p=0.024).
Conclusion: Serum lipid level is correlated with the occurrence and development of thyroid tumors to a certain extent, and the level of HDL-C is a protective factor for thyroid tumors.
Approaches for Psychosocial Support Towards Orphans and Vulnerable Children by Community-based Workers in the Vhembe District, South Africa
Authors: Matshepete Mrs Livhuwani Precious , Makhado Prof Lufuno , Mashau Prof Ntsieni Stella
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The OVC crisis has raised the need for alternative solutions to OVC's problems. These new alternatives gave prominence to the growth of CBOs and their interventions. Community-based interventions are a crucial component of the response to make sure components of the response to ensure that the demands of OVCs are mitigated as they offer initial support and act as well-being nets.
Methods: A qualitative exploratory-descriptive design was used to explore possible approaches to psychosocial support for OVC from community workers. This study was conducted in four municipalities of Vhembe district: Thulamela, Makhado, Collins Chabane and Musina. The population consisted of community workers working with AIDS-vulnerable and orphaned children in the Vhembe district. Data were collected in focus group discussions with community staff using a focus group discussion guide with open-ended questions. The data were analysed according to Tesch’s open data analysis guide to analyse qualitative data. The measures to ensure trustworthiness included transferability, conformability, credibility, and dependability.
Results: Analysis data generated the following theme and subthemes: Psychosocial interventions provided Physical support, educational support, psycho-educational support, activities and socialisation, caregivers support and involvement and inter-professional referral.
Conclusion: Community - based organisations are providing psychosocial support interventions to OVC. Conversely, the study also revealed that community –based organisations are experiencing challenges when delivering those services to OVC.
Study on the impact of kinesiophobia after Total knee replacement on the rehabilitation of patients during hospitalization
Authors: Yao Yichao , Zhang Qi , Cui Shaoning , Guo Xumeng
Published: March 2024

Objective:This study aims to investigate the influence of kinesiophobia on the rehabilitation outcomes of patients undergoing knee replacement surgery during their hospital stay.
Methods:The study conveniently selected patients who underwent unilateral knee replacement at a tertiary hospital in Baoding City between June 2021 and December 2021.A self-designed questionnaire was utilized to gather data on the patients' general demographic and disease information, while the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) was employed to identify postoperative kinesiophobia. Out of the total sample, 33 patients scored above 37 points on the TSK, while 35 patients scored 37 points or below.The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was utilized to assess pain levels in two groups of patients at various time points post-surgery: upon returning to the ward after surgery (T1), the first day after surgery (T2), the second day after surgery (T3), the third day after surgery (T4), resting pain in the knee joint on the fifth postoperative day (T5), and on the day of discharge (T6). The flexion of the knee joint was measured in two groups of patients on the first postoperative day (T1*), the third postoperative day (T2*), the fifth postoperative day (T3*), and the day of discharge (T4*).The first time out of bed activities of the two groups of patients were compared, along with the results of the 2-Minute Walk Test (2-MWT) on the day of discharge and the postoperative hospital stay.
Results:The pain scores of patients in the kinesiophobia group were consistently higher than those in the non-kinesiphobia group at all time points (P<0.05). There were observed time effect, Between-group effects, and interaction effects (P<0.05). Additionally, the active knee flexion of patients in the kinesiphobia group was found to be smaller compared to the non-kinesiophobia group at each time point (P<0.05), There were observed time effect, Between-group effects, and interaction effects (P<0.05). Patients in the kinesiophobia group also exhibited delayed time to first get out of bed, shorter activity time and distance, as well as higher pain scores during activities, in comparison to those in the non-kinesiophobia group (P<0.05). Furthermore, patients with kinesiophobia walked shorter distances in the 2-minute walk test on the day of discharge and had longer hospitalization times than their non-kinesiophobia counterparts (P<0.05).
Conclusion:Kinesiophobia following knee replacement surgery has a significant impact on the rehabilitation outcomes of patients while they are hospitalized. It is important for healthcare professionals to promptly recognize and address this issue in order to enhance the rehabilitation progress of these patients during their hospital stay.
Prospect certainty for data-driven models
Authors: Yousef Qais , Li Pu
Published: March 2024

Uncertainty in the output of a data-driven model is a natural feature that limits its practical application. Identifying this uncertainty is required to improve the reliability of the model. In this paper, we propose a novel method to explicitly determine the certainty of the model output, by considering the input distributional changes during its deployment. In addition, a new concept of logit masking is introduced to entail the model more probabilistic characteristic which identifies the behavior of each output alternative by evaluating its influence on the distribution of the model output. Finally, it quantifies the prospect certainty of each variant and selects the final output. Experimental results using benchmark and real-world datasets show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques in the sense of certainty.
WITHDRAWN: Catecholamines in healthy and inflamed pulp of primary teeth
Authors: Damle Satyawan G , Chopal Nilika , Kamboj Gaurav , Dhindsa Abhishek , Sakhare Dhanashree , Dasgupta Shreya
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The dental pulp, traditionally recognized for its roles in dentinogenesis and pain perception, is a dynamic macrocosm. Recent research has unveiled a complex network of neurotransmitters, with catecholamines, including dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, emerging as a particularly understudied component. Objective: To elucidate the role of catecholamines in both inflamed and non-inflamed pulp of primary teeth. Documented scientific evidence suggests higher catecholamine levels in inflamed dental pulp, which significantly contribute to maintaining overall pulp health. Methods: Twenty children aged 6 to 8 were selected and categorized into healthy and inflamed pulp groups. After thorough clinical examination and radiographic evaluation, the teeth with deep carious lesions indicative of irreversible pulp changes were subjected to cold and heat tests. Only those teeth positively responding to heat and cold tests were finally included. The concentration of catecholamines was calculated based on the peak area found on HPLC graphs and the retention time of each catecholamine compared with the already established standard curves for pure drugs. Results: Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS for Windows- version 17.0. Independent t-test and Mann- Whitney U test were used for inter-group comparisons. The mean concentrations of Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine in the inflamed pulp surpassed those in the healthy pulp. However, no significant differences in catecholamine concentrations between boys and girls were observed. Conclusion: Norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine concentrations were notably elevated in inflamed pulp compared to healthy pulp. Heightened catecholamine concentration is attributed to increased nerve stimulation, suggesting robust synthesis during stressful conditions like inflammation.
A novel methodology in truss damage localization by moving excitation among nodal points of the structure
Authors: Bahmanbijari Reza , Rahnema Hossein
Published: March 2024

Monitoring the health of critical structures like truss systems has been a key focus for researchers in recent decades due to the growing number of constructed facilities and the associated risks of structural failures. This article introduces a novel laboratory testing method employing a moving source to identify damaged elements within the truss. By analyzing the vibration data collected from each nodal point of the truss, damaged elements are pinpointed through data processing. The proposed technique involves evaluating the Cumulative Damage Index (TDI) values derived from time and frequency domain analyses of nodal velocity responses recorded at upper nodes of the structure. Validation of this damage detection approach is conducted using seismic data obtained from a real truss structure and synthetic data generated through numerical simulations. A three-dimensional truss structure with dual spans is constructed in the laboratory for this purpose, and various numerical analyses are carried out. The findings demonstrate that the moving source method facilitates precise identification of failure locations and severity levels. Notably, an increase in TDI values at nodes correlates directly with a rise in damage severity within the affected member. However, the TDI pattern varies across different scenarios, with values changing based on the damaged member's position. Consequently, the TDI parameter serves as a valuable indicator for pinpointing the location and extent of damage throughout the structure during moving source tests.
Initiator-free synthesis of interpenetrating polymer networks via Bergman Cyclization
Authors: Binder Wolfgang , Cai Yue , Lehmann Florian , Thümmler Justus , Hinderberger Dariush
Published: March 2024

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs), consisting of two or more chemically independent networks, represent a significant type of polymer combination in modern industry, especially in automotive and medical devices. Diverse synthesis techniques and plentiful raw materials highlight IPNs in providing facile modifications of properties to meet specific needs. We here report on an initiator-free synthesis of interpenetrating polymer networks via Bergman cyclization (BC), acting as a triggered source for generating the second network via its reactive enediyne (EDY) moiety, embedded into the first network. (Z)-oct-4-ene-2,6-diyne-1,8-diol (diol-EDY) is targeted as the precursor of the second network, swollen into the first polyurethane network (PU), followed by radical polymerization. The formation of the IPN was monitored via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, infrared-spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermal methods (DSC), proving the activation of the EDY-moiety and its subsequent crosslinking to form the second network. Stress − strain characterization and cyclic stress − strain investigations, together with TGA and DTG analysis, illustrate improved mechanical properties and thermal stability of the formed IPN compared to the initial PU-network. The method presented here is a novel and broadly applicable approach to generate IPNs, triggered by the EDY-activation via Bergman cyclization.
An Optimized Langendorff-free Method for Isolation and Characterization of Primary Adult Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Nikouee Azadeh , Yap John Q. , Rademacher David J. , Kim Matthew , Zang Qun Sophia
Published: March 2024

Isolation of adult mouse cardiomyocytes is an essential technique for advancing our understanding of cardiac physiology and pathology, and for developing therapeutic strategies to improve cardiac health. Traditionally, cardiomyocytes are isolated from adult mouse hearts using the Langendorff perfusion method in which the heart is excised, cannulated, and retrogradely perfused through the aorta. While this method is highly effective for isolating cardiomyocytes, it requires specialized equipment and technical expertise. To address the challenges of the Langendorff perfusion method, researchers have developed a Langendorff-free technique for isolating cardiomyocytes. This Langendorff-free technique involves anterograde perfusion through the coronary vasculature by clamping the aorta and intraventricular injection. This method simplifies the experimental setup by eliminating the need for specialized equipment and cannulation of the heart. Here, we introduce an updated Langendorff-free method for isolating adult mice cardiomyocytes that builds on the Langendorff-free protocols developed previously. In this method, the aorta is clamped in situ, and the heart is perfused using a peristaltic pump, water bath, and an injection needle. This simplicity makes cardiomyocyte isolation more accessible for researchers who are new to cardiomyocyte isolation or are working with limited resources. In this report, we provide a step-by-step description of our optimized protocol. In addition, we present example studies of analyzing mitochondrial structural and functional characteristics in isolated cardiomyocytes treated with and without the acute inflammatory stimuli lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Epidemiology of pediatric sleep disordered breathing in children with tonsillar enlargement at Tikur Anbessa comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Yekatit 12 Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Betsu Kibra Demtsu , Mengesha Assefa Tesfaye , Ketema Siraw Girum
Published: March 2024

Background: Pediatric sleep disordered breathing has become widely recognized only in the last few decades as likely cause of significant morbidity, mortality and poor school performance among children. The objective of this study to study the descriptive and analytical epidemiology of pediatric sleep disordered breathing in Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital & Yekatit 12 hospital.
Methods: children aged 2-18 years with tonsillar enlargement attending otolaryngology clinics of Tikur Anbessa comprehensive specialized hospital and Yekatit 12 hospitals were enrolled. We used questioner which was filled by residents by asking the children and their family. Our questioner includes questions on socio demography, recurrence of tonsillitis and questions of pediatric sleep questioner. Physical examination includes tonsillar size, weight, and height measurement. In addition we used lateral neck x-ray to identify adenoidal enlargement. Pediatric sleep questioner is considered positive for obstructive sleep apnea if 33% (8 out of 22) of the answered questions are yes. The association between dependent and in dependent variables was assessed and presented using descriptive statistics, and logistic regression.
Results: A total of 212 children were involved. 31.1% ( 66) had no snoring , 35.4 % ( 75) had simple snoring , and 33.5 % ( 71) had obstructive sleep apnea. Univariate binary logstic regression showed that age and body habitus were significantly associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Multivariate binary logistic regression also showed ,age 2-7 years were 2.55 times likely to develop OSA when compared to 8-18years old children .We also found negative association between normal body habitus and obstructive sleep apnea when compared to wasted children.
Conclusion: The significant risk factor for development OSA in children is age 2-7 year. We consider the negative association between normal body habitus and obstructive sleep apnea when compared to wasting is due to failure to thrive in children with obstructive sleep apnea.