bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algoritma Fisher-Yates Pada Game Edukasi Aksara Sunda Cacarakan Berbasis Android Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Untuk Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Anang Asep , Irham G Acep
Published: February 2022

Aksara Sunda Cacarakan merupakan salah satu warisan budaya Indonesia. Pelestarian Aksara Sunda Cacarakan adalah tugas yang harus dilakukan oleh masyarakat Indonesia sebagai salah satu cara untuk melindungi keberadaan Aksara Sunda Cacarakan, salah satunya dengan mengetahui jenis Aksara Sunda Cacarakan yang dibagi menjadi 4 bagian, seperti ngalagena, angka, swara dan rarangken. Implementasi dari Teknologi Informasi (TI) merupakan suatu keharusan untuk dilakukan sebagai inovasi untuk mendapatkan berbagai macam informasi. Upaya untuk memperkenalkan Aksara Sunda adalah dengan membuat Game Edukasi berbasis Android, Game edukasi dibangun dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemampuan anak-anak dalam pengenalan aksara Sunda Cacarakan, maka untuk penelitian ini, dibuat sebuah Game edukasi berbasis android dengan menggunakan Algoritma Fisher yates Shuffle. Algoritma Fisher Yates adalah algoritma untuk menghasilkan permutasi acak dari himpunan terbatas, dengan kata lain untuk mengacak suatu himpunan. Algoritma Fisher yates shuffle di terapkan dalam pengacakan soal di dalam Game edukasi, Model sistem untuk mendukung penelitian ini menggunakan versi Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC), yang mengemukakan enam langkah (Initiation, Pre-Production, Production, Testing,  Beta, dan Release). Penilaian tanggapan dari responden menggunakan skala Likert. Skala likert memilrata–rata rumus index yang diperoleh dari responden, aspek kegunaan sebesar 80,5%, aspek kualitas interaksi sebesar 87,5% dan aspek kualitas informasi sebesar 82%, termasuk dalam kategori sangat setuju, sehingga game dinyatakan layak untuk digunakan dan dipublikasikan.
Independent Sets in Subgraphs of a Shift Graph
Authors: Arman Andrii , Rödl Vojtěch , Sales Marcelo Tadeu
Published: February 2022

Erdős, Hajnal and Szemerédi proved that any subset $G$ of vertices of a shift graph $\text{Sh}_{n}^{k}$ has the property that the independence number of the subgraph induced by $G$ satisfies $\alpha(\text{Sh}_{n}^{k}[G])\geq \left(\frac{1}{2}-\varepsilon\right)|G|$, where $\varepsilon\to 0$ as $k\to \infty$. In this note we prove that for $k=2$ and $n \to \infty$ there are graphs $G\subseteq \binom{[n]}{2}$ with $\alpha(\text{Sh}_{n}^{2}[G])\leq \left(\frac{1}{4}+o(1)\right)|G|$, and $\frac{1}{4}$ is best possible. We also consider a related problem for infinite shift graphs.
Tinjauan Konsep Feminisme Pada Bangunan Natasha Skin Care Bandung Sebagai Pusat Kecantikan
Authors: Faliha Almira Muthi , Sari Yeptadian
Published: February 2022

The rapid development of the times makes technology more sophisticated, it makes information and communication sources accepted quickly, because of the role of the internet. Its influence on society can have both good and bad impacts for the continuity of life patterns in social interaction. The bad impact that is often experienced by women is usually a feeling of insecurity in their appearance when interacting socially, this problem makes women have to try to find ways so that they can be confident by looking attractive according to their expectations. Therefore, we need a place of beauty center that applies the concept of feminism architecture with feminine characteristics. The case study that will be discussed in this research is Natasha Skin Care, which is located on Jl. Supratman No. 84 Bandung, while the method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study can be said that the Natasha Skin Care building is almost close to the application of the concept of feminist architecture according to several criteria, namely in the selection of materials on the facade, the color of the interior and exterior and a clear division of space between public and private spaces.
Analisis Rumah Panggung yang ada di Pasar Lama, Meral Kota, Karimun
Authors: Silaban Yessy Christanti , Prakoso Yoseph Seno , Antony Antony , Friendy Friendy
Published: February 2022

Coastal settlements are one type of unique area that requires a special approach in understanding its characteristics. So far, coastal settlements in Indonesia are generally known to have very fast and dynamic developments, one of which is the high rate of migrant migration, including in the case study area of ​​Meral Kota. The concept of settlement development is often unsuccessful in its implementation due to a lack of understanding of the characteristics of settlement development patterns so that a special approach is needed in its study. Meral Kota is one of the coastal settlement areas designated as a minapolitan area in Karimun Regency and like coastal settlements in general, this area has a vital role in economic activities because the integration of settlement and economic functions is an existing culture and characteristic. This article aims to analyze the Stage House in the Old Market, Meral City, Karimun. The discussion focused on the Qualitative Method approach and its combination with several other methods.
Analisis Lingkungan Wilayah Kampung Tua Tanjung Uma
Authors: Pinassang Jeanny Laurens , Silaban Yessy Christanti , Cung Rickie , Susanto Susanto
Published: February 2022

The old village is a village that is said to have existed for a long time, even before the city of Batam was founded. One of them is Kampung Tua Tanjung Uma which is located on one of the northern headlands of Batam Island, Lubuk Baja Subdistrict and is also directly opposite the waters of the Singapore Strait. Kampung Tua Tanjung Uma has the potential to become a leading halal destination in batam which can have a good impact on the economy of the surrounding residents if managed properly. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the environment so that it can be managed properly. This type of research is quantitative research and only focuses on the physical indications of the Tanjung Uma Old Village area. Furthermore, the researcher provides recommendations for solutions to overcome problems based on the research.
The Role of Hotel Customer–employee Bond in Generating Positive Customer Behavioral Outcomes
Authors: Uslu Abdullah , Caber Meltem
Published: February 2022

In the hospitality sector, while close and high quality of relationships between the customers and employees may develop a long-lasting bilateral bond, the opposite may create customer loss. By following a customer-oriented approach, this study aims to examine the influence of the customer–
employee bond on hotel customers' satisfaction, perceived value, and behavioral intention. For achieving this purpose, a survey was conducted with the participation of British tourists staying in hotels located in Fethiye, Turkey. Results of the structural equation modeling showed that the
customer–employee bond significantly and positively impacts all variables. In addition, customer satisfaction has a significant influence on behavioral intention, whereas perceived value affects customer satisfaction and behavioral intention. The findings of the study stress the importance
of hotel employees in creating good and long-term relationships with the customers.
Modeling Tourism Import: The Case of Oecd Countries
Authors: Rudež Helena Nemec , Paliska Dejan , Sedmak Gorazd
Published: February 2022

Research on outbound tourism demand has not kept pace with the rapid development of research on inbound tourism demand. Economic and non-economic factors of tourism import in countries of origin are investigated using static and dynamic panel data models. A period of 17 years and 35
OECD countries are included in the study. Income in the country of origin, the real effective exchange rate, trade openness, tourism export per tourist arrival, political stability of the country, persistence of habits, and two dummy variables are found to be statistically significant. Inelastic
tourism demand factor coefficients show a relatively low level of sensibility of outbound travelers to the changes in their home country, whether related to economic or non-economic factors. Political stability proved to be the most important variable for tourism demand abroad. The unavailability
of data on social and psychological demand-related factors turned out to be a problem for longer time series in OECD countries. However, the study provides an insight into how targeted policy measures could influence outbound tourism flows.
The Determinants of Outbound Tourism: A Revisit of Socioeconomic and Environmental Conditions
Authors: Nguyen Canh Phuc , Schinckus Christophe , Dinh Su Thanh
Published: February 2022

This article investigates the drivers of outbound tourism. The originality of our approach is that it integrates socioenvironmental aspects in the demand for international tourism. This study provides an empirical analysis for panel data of 82 economies from 2002 to 2016. Several estimates
for panel data are applied. The results are robust and consistent. Beyond the classical economic drivers of tourism, socioeconomic factors, including urbanization, unemployment, vulnerable employment, and particularly aging population, are shown to play an important role in international tourism
departures and international tourism expenditure. One of the notable findings is that environmental factors, including CO2 emissions (positive) and forest area (negative), have a significant effect on international tourism. The results also show a stronger influence of economic,
social, and environmental determinants of outbound tourism in higher income economies in the period after 2008.
Disclosing the Unnoticed Power of Market Segments In the Tourism Growth Nexus Discussion
Authors: Ekonomou George
Published: February 2022

The present study aims at investigating the tourism growth nexus by launching a new approach when conceptualizing tourism expansion. We add to the relevant discussion in two specific ways. First, we claim that tourism is a heterogeneous economic activity and launch the concept of market
segments when searching for cointegrating and causality relationships at the interface of tourism and economy, an issue that goes unnoticed and an approach that is not tested so far. We define them in two different ways: business tourism spending and leisure tourism spending. In the analysis,
we also take into consideration capital investment spending as well as internal consumption within the tourism industry. Second, we apply second-generation panel data analysis within the Eurozone economic space, which is insufficiently investigated within the concept of tourism growth nexus
discussion. Research findings indicate that a unidirectional causality relationship running from business tourism spending to economic growth is present. Hence, if business tourism spending increases (decreases) then economic growth will increase (decrease) too. Additionally, changes to leisure
tourism spending will cause changes to economic growth in the same direction and vice versa. Internal travel and tourism consumption as well as capital investment spending within the travel and tourism sector form a feedback hypothesis with economic growth meaning that they are mutually influenced
when changes occur. Practical implications indicate that a friendly and attractive tourism ecosystem in terms of investments and innovations will enhance sustainable economic growth and tourism demand in the long run.
Parent's Position In Developing Children's Nature Implications In ERA 4.0
Authors: Ahmad Nurwadjah, dkk Agus
Published: February 2022

The impact of changing times is so great, such as the 4.0 era as it is today for children, teenagers, and parents, who need to adapt to the current era. And it would be nice for us to provide an overview and understanding to our children in a way that is appropriate for their age in order to be able to grasp what we mean. And we should educate more with tenderness and love, the position of parents in developing children's nature, the implications of which in the 4.0 era are very important because with that we can be closer and easier in providing education. The educational method that we use may be done in realizing a disciplined and independent child's personality which stems from the child's desire to achieve happiness in the world and the hereafter. This research method is library research with the object of the verses of the Qur'an using several interpretations from the commentators including: Tafsir Jalalain Tafsir Ibn Kathir Tafsir Al-Maraghi to uncover and explore the Position of Parents in the Al-Qur'an, Role Parents in Developing Children's Fitrah, and Implications of the Role of Parents in Developing Children's Fitrah in the 4.0 era. The results of the study show that 1) The view of Islamic education regarding the nature of the child means that the position of the child has two opposing sides. One side of the child is the trust of Allah entrusted to the parents. On the other hand, children are nature for the lives of parents in particular and society and the environment in general. 2) The implications of the position of parents in developing children's nature, the implications of which in the 4.0 era are a necessity, as mufassir views and opinions Salaf scholars have different opinions in interpreting the word fitrah, the majority argue that the meaning of fitrah is Islam. So that it has become a joint obligation for parents to maintain the mandate of Allah SWT in the form of children, which in the 4.0 era children must be monitored and supervised to ensure that the child's behavior (behavior) as a child who was born naturally (good) in origin.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis Adobe Flash Professional CS6 Pada Program Studi Sastra Agama Dan Pendidikan Bahasa Bali STAHN Mpu Kuturan Singaraja
Authors: Adi Widana I Nengah , Juliawan I Nengah , Suardika Jaya Made , Juliana I Wayan
Published: February 2022

Education in Indonesia in March 2020 experienced significant turmoil, this was due to the pandemic caused by Covid-19. Learning that was initially carried out face-to-face, was then carried out online by applying or using more effective learning media. One of them is by using Adobe Flash Professional CS6. The researcher uses a Research and Development (R&D) model with a 4-D (four D) model through the development stages including Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The results showed that the media feasibility level which was validated by equipment experts showed a feasibility level with a percentage of 88.75%. Meanwhile, the feasibility level of the material expert shows the feasibility level with a percentage of 93.75%. The responses given by educators and students are carried out by conducting product trials, then educators and students are asked to fill out a questionnaire using the google form application. As for the results in terms of educators responding with a percentage of 83.13% satisfying and from students getting a response with a percentage of 80.61% satisfactory.
Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Upaya Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19
Authors: Ferawati  , Mei Fitria Kurniati
Published: February 2022

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Virus Corona atau Covid-19 telah menjadi masalah diseluruh dunia. Penyebaran virusini sangat cepat keseluruh dunia. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang mengalami permasalahan dalam meutus mata rantai penyebaran virus ini. Pengetahuan tentang Covid-19 belum menyebar luas, sehingga banyak masyarakat salah dalam menerima informasi. Informasi yang salah akan menimbulkan permasalahan baru dan menghambat upaya pencegahan penularan Covid-19. Tujuan: penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Upaya Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 di Warga Rt 10 Rw 02 Batokan Kecamatan Kasiman KabupatenBojonegoro. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik sampling menggunakan Simple random sampling dan teknik analisa data menggunakan uji spearman rho. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua masyarakat / warga RT 10 RW 02 Batokan, Kecamatan Kasiman Kabupaten Bojonegoro sejumlah 70 jiwa dan sampel sejumlah 30 responden. Hasil:  analisa dengan uji menggunakan Spearman Rho diperoleh hasil bahwa nilai ρ value = 0.000 < α = 0,05 yang artinya H1 diterima berarti terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan pencegahan. Kesimpulan penilitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan upaya pencegahan penularan Covid-19 Warga RT 10 RW 02 Kecamatan Kasiman Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi upaya pencegahan penularan Covid-19 adalah tingkat pengetahuan.
Vom Strom in der Wüste zur Wärmewende in Deutschland
Authors: Hinsch Juliane , Hogrefe Jürgen
Published: February 2022

Die konzentrierende Solarthermie ist eine seit Jahrzehnten bewährte Technologie – und hat doch gerade erst begonnen, ihre Potenziale und wahre Bedeutung für die globalen Energiesysteme zu entfalten. Ihre Speicherfähigkeit wird umso bedeutender, je höher der Anteil der fluktuierenden erneuerbaren Energie im System ist. Die Einsatzgebiete sind breit angelegt und umfassen etwa die Produktion von grünem Wasserstoff oder die Bereitstellung von Prozesswärme für die Industrie.
A comparative study of postoperative airway management between traditional nasal packing and modified nasal airway after nasal surgeries
Authors: Muhammad Saleem  , Baber Rafiq Khan  , Sarwat Bibi  , Humaira Ahmad  , Muhammad Hamza Rana
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: One of the most common challenging complications after nasal surgeries is maintaining airways. The study aimed to use an alternative technique instead of nasal packing in the immediate postoperative period undergoing different nasal surgery under general anesthesia regarding airway management.

METHODOLOGY: An interventional study was conducted at Aziz Fatimah Trust Hospital, Faisalabad, from  March 20, 2018, to January 31, 2019. A total of 100 participants were enrolled in the study divided into two groups (A & B), 50 each. Group A patients were treated postoperatively with a modified nasal airway devised with a Nelton catheter and Group B patients with traditional nasal packing. The participants were assessed on different parameters which were statistically compared and analyzed.

RESULTS: Group Descriptive statistics revealed that the Mean±SD of the age of group A and group B patients was 24.28±9.72 and 26.68±11.09 respectively, which had no significant difference between them {p-value (0.008)}. The postoperative parameters such as patient's comfort and sleep, surgeon satisfaction, ease of suction through Nelton catheter, and oxygen saturation were evaluated as significant variables in the evaluation of the study. p-value ≤0.05 and ≤0.005 were considered as significant and highly significant respectively.

CONCLUSION: This modified nasal airway has proven to be easily replicable and reliable, and a cost-effective measure elucidated as a potential and exclusive outcome of the present study.
Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of pediatric adenoid hypertrophy: A protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors:   Changchun University of traditional Chinese Medicine, liu menghui , zhang yanchao , li lixin
Published: February 2022

Review question / Objective: In order to verify effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of pediatric adenoid hypertrophy. Condition being studied: Pediatric adenoid hypertrophy. A total of 135 potential literatures were selected after extensive browsing and collection. 73 studies remained after duplicates removed. And we excluded 34 literatures that did not meet the research objects by screening the title and abstract of the literature in detail. Immediately after that, we deleted 39 literatures based on the inclusion criteria, and finally, we screened out 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria.
Time for a Change: The COVID-19 Nursing Home Disaster and the Urgency of LTSS Reform*
Authors: Feder Judy , Swartz Katherine
Published: February 2022

The horrific death rate of nursing home residents due to COVID-19 has exposed the nation's long-standing failure to effectively manage public policies toward long-term services and supports (LTSS). Government agencies’ dereliction in the enforcement of quality standards in nursing homes has been most visible. But equally important are provider payment policies that discriminate against people with low incomes, dependence on under-paid direct care workers or unpaid family caregivers, and—most broadly— underfinancing of LTSS that leaves people of all ages at risk of impoverishment and inadeqate care. These risks will only grow as the population ages. The Biden Administration and the Congress have an opportunity to capitalize on heightened public awareness with significant policy and management reforms. In the short term, that means not only the exercise of federal oversight authority to assure quality but also the enhancement of federal funding (through Medicaid) made contingent on adequate wages and support for direct care workers and auditable delivery of quality care—whether delivered in the nursing home or in the community. Over the longer term, enactment of a national program of social insurance is essential to address the LTSS risks and uncertainties facing people of all ages and assuring that, regardless of the state they live in, people receive the care they need.
Positioning Strategies of Indian Nonprofit Organizations for Grant Acquisition
Authors: Panda Debadutta Kumar
Published: February 2022

This study examines (1) how grant-seeking nonprofit organizations (NPOs) position themselves and (2) whether the positioning of NPOs has any connection with their grant acquisition. A content analysis of 100 websites of Indian NPOs (phase 1) helped in generating 9 hypotheses. Furthermore, 380 websites of Indian NPOs were studied using a statistical model (phase 2). NPOs were found with two different positioning strategies: (1) reliability positioning and (2) customer orientation positioning. The reliability positioning elements were recognition, transparency, collaboration, and resources. The customer orientation positioning elements were length of service, geographic spread, service variety, depth of service, and service impact. Recognition, transparency, collaboration, resources, and service variety positively and significantly influenced NPOs’ grant acquisition, and length of service and geographic spread negatively and significantly influenced NPOs’ grant acquisition.
Public vs. Public: Balancing the Competing Public Values of Participatory Budgeting
Authors: Lee Junesoo , Kim Soonhee , Lee Jooho
Published: February 2022

Since its inception, participatory budgeting (PB) has been advocated for by both scholars and practitioners of public administration. In South Korea, PB has been widely adopted across local governments since 2004. Based on in-depth assessments of PB implementation that were collected from 229 local governments in South Korea, this study explores the competing public values of PB and analyzes how the capacity and commitment of local governments and citizens are associated with the public values that are achieved through PB. Results indicate that (1) there are several pairs of competing values pursued through PB, and (2) local governments’ communication channels and citizen participation are required to resolve and balance the tradeoffs of the PB public values; most notably, local government’s efforts to gather citizens’ inputs and educate them and PB participants’ budget literacy. We also offer several implications for how to improve PB implementation at the local government level.
ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ И ПУТИ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СЕЙСМОРАЗВЕДКИ Часть II
Authors:   кандидат геол.-мин. наук, Почетный разведчик недр РК, главный геофизик, https://orcid.org/0000-0003- 737-2336, Исенов С.М.
Published: February 2022

Рассмотрены пути и практические примеры повышения эффективности сейсморазведки, на основе улучшения количественных оценок Сигнал/Помеха и вертикальной разрешающей способностью сейсмической записи при проведении полевых сейсмических наблюдений, обработки и интерпретации сейсмоданных. Существенное улучшение качества и детальности сейсмического изображения среды будет обеспечено при применении высокоплотных систем полевой сейсмосъемки и увеличении кратности наблюдений и технологии обработки, в которых базовые математические модели основаны на волновой природе формирования сейсмических сигналов в пределах первой зоны Френеля. Эффективность технологий сейсмогеологической интерпретации зависит от степени соответствия базовых математических моделей реальному строению геологического разреза, что будет определять достоверность прогнозирования вещественного состава отложений и физических параметров резервуаров углеводородов.
СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ДОБЫЧИ НЕФТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ИНТЕНСИВНОГО ВЫНОСА МЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ ПРИМЕСЕЙ
Authors:   Ж. БАЗАРБАЕВ, магистрант, https://orcid.org/0000-0002- 0647-5002, Базарбаев Д.Ж. , Нурмашев Е.С. ,   магистрант, https://orcid.org/0000-0002- 6601-1066
Published: February 2022

Важнейшей научно-технической проблемой разработки месторождений является одновременное обеспечение высоких уровней и темпов добычи углеводородного сырья при наиболее полном извлечении его из недр с высокими технико-экономическими показателями работы нефтегазодобывающих предприятий. Одной из причин, не позволяющей эффективно решить эту проблему, является пескопроявление и вынос мехпримесей при эксплуатации скважин. И для совершенствования технологии добычи нефти можно использовать разные виды излучения. В данной работе обзорно представлены эти технологии. Актуальностью работы является совершенствование технологии при добыче нефти на примере Кенкиякского местрождения. Результаты показывают,что залежи подсолевой части месторождения Кенкияк относятся к залежам с аномально-высоким давлением, их нефть – слаболетучая.
ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКОГО РАЗРЫВА ПЛАСТА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ГИДРОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ СКВАЖИН
Authors:   магистрант, https://orcid.org/0000-0002- 1388-7785, Темиргали Д. , Нурбекова К.С. ,   кандидат тех. наук, доцент, https://orcid.org/0000-0002- 2576-5195
Published: February 2022

Гидравлический разрыв пласта – довольно эффективный в настоящее время метод интенсификации добычи нефти из низкопроницаемых коллекторов, получивший массовое применение везде. Чаще всего гидроразрывы дают положительные результаты, однако эффективность зависит от геолого-физических характеристик пластов. Одним из наиболее серьезных факторов, снижающих успешность проведения, является наличие обширных водонефтяных зон, особенно в залежах, представленных низкопроницаемых коллекторов. Актуальность исследований обусловлена значительным вкладом объемов нефти, добытых в результате проведения на скважинах гидравлического разрыва пласта (ГРП), в ее суммарной добыче. Результаты показали, что производительность скважин после ГРП увеличивается, иногда в несколько десятков раз. Это свидетельствует о том, что образованные трещины соединяются с существовавшими ранее, и приток жидкости к скважине происходит из отдаленных, изолированных от скважины до применения ГРП, высокопроизводительных зон.
The Role of Neutral Hydrogen in Setting the Abundances of Molecular Species in the Milky Way’s Diffuse Interstellar Medium. II. Comparison between Observations and Theoretical Models
Authors: Rybarczyk Daniel R. , Gong Munan , Stanimirović Snežana , Babler Brian , Murray Claire E. , Winters Jan Martin , Luo Gan , Dame T. M. , Steffes Lucille
Published: February 2022

We compare observations of H i from the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Arecibo Observatory and observations of HCO+ from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) in the diffuse (A

V
≲ 1) interstellar medium (ISM) to predictions from a photodissociation region (PDR) chemical model and multiphase ISM simulations. Using a coarse grid of PDR models, we estimate the density, FUV radiation field, and cosmic-ray ionization rate (CRIR) for each structure identified in HCO+ and H i absorption. These structures fall into two categories. Structures with T

s
< 40 K, mostly with N(HCO+) ≲ 1012 cm−2, are consistent with modest density, FUV radiation field, and CRIR models, typical of the diffuse molecular ISM. Structures with spin temperature T

s
> 40 K, mostly with N(HCO+) ≳ 1012 cm−2, are consistent with high density, FUV radiation field, and CRIR models, characteristic of environments close to massive star formation. The latter are also found in directions with a significant fraction of thermally unstable H i. In at least one case, we rule out the PDR model parameters, suggesting that alternative mechanisms (e.g., nonequilibrium processes like turbulent dissipation and/or shocks) are required to explain the observed HCO+ in this direction. Similarly, while our observations and simulations of the turbulent, multiphase ISM agree that HCO+ formation occurs along sight lines with N(H I) ≳ 1021 cm−2, the simulated data fail to explain HCO+ column densities ≳ few × 1012 cm−2. Because a majority of our sight lines with HCO+ had such high column densities, this likely indicates that nonequilibrium chemistry is important for these lines of sight.
Substructure at High Speed. II. The Local Escape Velocity and Milky Way Mass with Gaia eDR3
Authors: Necib Lina , Lin Tongyan
Published: February 2022

Measuring the escape velocity of the Milky Way is critical in obtaining the mass of the Milky Way, understanding the dark matter velocity distribution, and building the dark matter density profile. In Necib & Lin, we introduced a strategy to robustly measure the escape velocity. Our approach takes into account the presence of kinematic substructures by modeling the tail of the stellar distribution with multiple components, including the stellar halo and the debris flow called the Gaia Sausage (Enceladus). In doing so, we can test the robustness of the escape velocity measurement for different definitions of the “tail” of the velocity distribution and the consistency of the data with different underlying models. In this paper, we apply this method to the Gaia eDR3 data release and find that a model with two components is preferred, although results from a single-component fit are also consistent. Based on a fit to retrograde data with two bound components to account for the relaxed halo and the Gaia Sausage, we find the escape velocity of the Milky Way at the solar position to be

v

esc

=

445

−
8

+
25

km s−1. A fit with a single component to the same data gives

v

esc

=

472

−
12

+
17

km s−1. Assuming a Navarro−Frenck−White dark matter profile, we find a Milky Way concentration of

c

200

=

19

−
7

+
11

and a mass of

M

200

=

4.6

−
0.8

+
1.5

×

10

11

M

⊙

, which is considerably lighter than previous measurements.
Deep Realistic Extragalactic Model (DREaM) Galaxy Catalogs: Predictions for a Roman Ultra-deep Field
Authors: Drakos Nicole E. , Villasenor Bruno , Robertson Brant E. , Hausen Ryan , Dickinson Mark E. , Ferguson Henry C. , Furlanetto Steven R. , Greene Jenny E. , Madau Piero , Shapley Alice E. , Stark Daniel P. , Wechsler Risa H.
Published: February 2022

In the next decade, deep galaxy surveys from telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope and Roman Space Telescope will provide transformational data sets that will greatly enhance the understanding of galaxy formation during the epoch of reionization (EoR). In this work, we present the Deep Realistic Extragalactic Model (DREaM) for creating synthetic galaxy catalogs. Our model combines dark matter simulations, subhalo abundance matching and empirical models, and includes galaxy positions, morphologies, and spectral energy distributions. The resulting synthetic catalog extends to redshifts z ∼ 12, and galaxy masses

log

10

(
M

/

M

⊙

)
=
5

covering an area of 1 deg2 on the sky. We use DREaM to explore the science returns of a 1 deg2 Roman ultra-deep field (UDF), and to provide a resource for optimizing ultra-deep survey designs. We find that a Roman UDF to ∼30 m
AB will potentially detect more than 106
M
UV < − 17 galaxies, with more than 104 at redshifts z > 7, offering an unparalleled data set for constraining galaxy properties during the EoR. Our synthetic catalogs and simulated images are made publicly available to provide the community with a tool to prepare for upcoming data.
How Important Is Secular Evolution for Black Hole and Neutron Star Mergers in 2+2 and 3+1 Quadruple-star Systems?
Authors: Vynatheya Pavan , Hamers Adrian S.
Published: February 2022

Mergers of black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs) result in the emission of gravitational waves that can be detected by LIGO. In this paper, we look at 2+2 and 3+1 quadruple-star systems, which are common among massive stars, the progenitors of BHs and NSs. We carry out a detailed population synthesis of quadruple systems using the Multiple Stellar Evolution code, which seamlessly takes into consideration stellar evolution, binary and tertiary interactions, N-body dynamics, and secular evolution. We find that, although secular evolution plays a role in compact object (BH and NS) mergers, (70–85)% (depending on the model assumptions) of the mergers are solely due to common envelope evolution. Significant eccentricities in the LIGO band (higher than 0.01) are only obtained with zero supernova (SN) kicks and are directly linked to the role of secular evolution. A similar outlier effect is seen in the χ
eff distribution, with negative values obtained only with zero SN kicks. When kicks are taken into account, there are no systems that evolve into a quadruple consisting of four compact objects. For our fiducial model, we estimate the merger rates (in units of Gpc−3 yr−1) in 2+2 quadruples (3+1 quadruples) to be 10.8 ± 0.9 (2.9 ± 0.5), 5.7 ± 0.6 (1.4 ± 0.4), and 0.6 ± 0.2 (0.7 ± 0.3) for BH–BH, BH–NS, and NS–NS mergers, respectively. The BH–BH merger rates represent a significant fraction of the current LIGO rates, whereas the other merger rates fall short of LIGO estimates.
Building Terrestrial Planets: Why Results of Perfect-merging Simulations Are Not Quantitatively Reliable Approximations to Accurate Modeling of Terrestrial Planet Formation
Authors: Haghighipour Nader , Maindl Thomas I.
Published: February 2022

Although it is accepted that perfect-merging is not a realistic outcome of collisions, some researchers state that perfect-merging simulations can still be considered as quantitatively reliable representations of the final stage of terrestrial planet formation. Citing the work of Kokubo & Genda, they argue that the differences between the final planets in simulations with perfect-merging and those where collisions are resolved accurately are small, and it is justified to use perfect-merging results as an acceptable approximation to realistic simulations. In this paper, we show that this argument does not stand. We demonstrate that when the mass lost during collisions is taken into account, the final masses of the planets will be so different from those obtained from perfect-merging that the latter cannot be used as an approximation. We carried out a large number of smooth particle hydrodynamics simulations of embryo–embryo collisions and determined the amount of the mass and water lost in each impact. We applied the results to collisions in a typical perfect-merging simulation and showed that even when the mass loss in each collision is as small as 10%, perfect-merging can, on average, overestimate the masses of the final planets by ∼35% and their water content by more than 18%. Our analysis demonstrates that, while perfect-merging simulations are still a powerful tool in proving concepts, they cannot be used to make predictions, draw quantitative conclusions (especially about the past history of a planetary system), or serve as a valid approximation to the simulations in which collisions are resolved accurately.
Spin Alignment of Dark Matter Halos: Fast Halos
Authors: Ebrahimian Ehsan , Abolhasani Aliakbar
Published: February 2022

We investigate the spin alignment of dark matter halos by considering a mechanism somewhat similar to tidal locking; we dub it tidal-locking theory (TLT). While tidal torque theory (TTT) is responsible for the initial angular momentum of dark matter halos, TLT explains the angular momentum evolution during nonlinear ages. Our previous work showed that close encounters between halos could drastically change their angular momentum. This paper argues that TLT predicts partial alignment between the speed and spin direction for large high-speed halos. To examine this prediction, we use IllustrisTNG simulations and look for the alignment of the halos’ rotation axes. We find that the excess probability of alignment between spin and speed is about 10% at z = 0 for the large fast halos with velocities larger than twice the median. This spin–speed alignment weakens at z = 1 and disappears at z = 4. We also show that TTT predicts that the spin of a halo tends to be aligned with the middle eigendirection of the tidal tensor. Moreover, we find that the halos at z = 10 are preferentially aligned with the middle eigendirection of the tidal tensor with an excess probability of 15%. We show that TTT fails to predict the correct alignment at z = 0, while it works almost flawlessly at z = 10. These findings confirm that at earlier redshifts, during which mergers and fly-bys are rare, TTT works well, but after enough time, when fly-bys have occurred, the spin of the halos tends to align with speed for high-speed halos, due to the TLT effect.
A Catalog of LAMOST Variable Sources Based on Time-domain Photometry of ZTF
Authors: Xu Tingting , Liu Chao , Wang Feng , Huang Weirong , Deng Hui , Mei Ying , Cao Zhong
Published: February 2022

The identification and analysis of different variable sources is a hot topic in astrophysical research. The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) spectroscopic survey has accumulated a mass of spectral data but contains no information about variable sources. Although a few related studies present variable source catalogs for the LAMOST, the studies still have a few deficiencies regarding the type and number of variable sources identified. In this study, we present a statistical modeling approach to identify variable source candidates. We first cross-match the Kepler, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and Zwicky Transient Facility catalogs to obtain light-curve data of variable and nonvariable sources. The data are then modeled statistically using commonly used variability parameters. Then, an optimal variable source identification model is determined using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve and four credible evaluation indices such as precision, accuracy, recall, and F1-score. Based on this identification model, a catalog of LAMOST variable sources (including 631,769 variable source candidates with a probability greater than 95%, and so on) is obtained. To validate the correctness of the catalog, we perform a two-by-two cross-comparison with the Gaia catalog and other published variable source catalogs. We achieve the correct rate ranging from 50% to 100%. Among the 123,756 sources cross-matched, our variable source catalog identifies 85,669 with a correct rate of 69%, which indicates that the variable source catalog presented in this study is credible.
Magnetic Flux Transport Identification of Active Reconnection: MMS Observations in Earth’s Magnetosphere
Authors: Qi Yi , Chu Li Tak , Russell Christopher T. , Ergun Robert E. , Jia Ying-Dong , Hubbert Mark
Published: February 2022

Magnetic reconnection plays an important role in converting energy while modifying field topology. This process takes place under varied plasma conditions during which the transport of magnetic flux is intrinsic. Identifying active magnetic reconnection sites with in situ observations is challenging. A new technique, Magnetic Flux Transport (MFT) analysis, has been developed recently and proven in numerical simulation for identifying active reconnection efficiently and accurately. In this study, we examine the MFT process in 37 previously reported electron diffusion region (EDR)/reconnection-line crossing events at the day-side magnetopause and in the magnetotail and turbulent magnetosheath using Magnetospheric Multiscale measurements. The coexisting inward and outward MFT flows at an X-point provides a signature that magnetic field lines become disconnected and reconnected. The application of MFT analysis to in-situ observations demonstrates that MFT can successfully identify active reconnection sites under complex varied conditions, including asymmetric and turbulent upstream conditions. It also provides a higher rate of identification than plasma outflow jets alone. MFT can be applied to in situ measurements from both single- and multi-spacecraft missions and laboratory experiments.
Discovery of a Damped Lyα Absorber Originating in a Spectacular Interacting Dwarf Galaxy Pair at z = 0.026
Authors: Boettcher Erin , Gupta Neeraj , Chen Hsiao-Wen , Chen Mandy C. , Józsa Gyula I. G. , Rudie Gwen C. , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Johnson Sean D. , Balashev S. A. , Combes Françoise , Cooksey Kathy L. , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Krogager Jens-Kristian , Lopez Sebastian , Momjian Emmanuel , Noterdaeme Pasquier , Petitjean Patrick , Rafelski Marc , Srianand Raghunathan , Walth Gregory L. , Zahedy Fakhri S.
Published: February 2022

We present the discovery of neutral gas detected in both damped Lyα absorption (DLA) and H i 21 cm emission outside of the stellar body of a galaxy, the first such detection in the literature. A joint analysis between the Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey and the MeerKAT Absorption Line Survey reveals an H i bridge connecting two interacting dwarf galaxies (log (M
star/M
⊙) = 8.5 ± 0.2) that host a z = 0.026 DLA with log[N(H i)/cm−2] = 20.60 ± 0.05 toward the QSO J2339−5523 (z
QSO = 1.35). At impact parameters of d = 6 and 33 kpc, the dwarf galaxies have no companions more luminous than ≈0.05L
* within at least Δv = ±300 km s−1 and d ≈ 350 kpc. The H i 21 cm emission is spatially coincident with the DLA at the 2σ–3σ level per spectral channel over several adjacent beams. However, H i 21 cm absorption is not detected against the radio-bright QSO; if the background UV and radio sources are spatially aligned, the gas is either warm or clumpy (with a spin temperature to covering factor ratio T

s
/f

c
> 1880 K). Observations with VLT-MUSE demonstrate that the α-element abundance of the ionized interstellar medium (ISM) is consistent with the DLA (≈10% solar), suggesting that the neutral gas envelope is perturbed ISM gas. This study showcases the impact of dwarf–dwarf interactions on the physical and chemical state of neutral gas outside of star-forming regions. In the SKA era, joint UV and H i 21 cm analyses will be critical for connecting the cosmic neutral gas content to galaxy environments.
Astrometric and Photometric Verification of Faint Blue White Dwarfs in the Gaia Catalog of nearby Stars
Authors: Scholz Ralf-Dieter
Published: February 2022

The Gaia catalog of nearby stars (GCNS) divided all objects with parallaxes >10 mas into GCNS-selected and GCNS-rejected 100 pc samples. Below the white dwarf (WD) sequence in the complete GCNS color–magnitude diagram (CMD), at Gabs > 14.7 + 4.7(G − RP), there appear 60 GCNS-selected faint blue white dwarfs (FBWDs). However this CMD region is also populated by 411 GCNS-rejected objects, mainly from crowded regions toward the Galactic center and the Magellanic Clouds. The WD catalog of Gentile et al. lists only 47 GCNS-selected but also 8 GCNS-rejected objects. I confirm 59 of the GCNS-selected but none of the GCNS-rejected objects as FBWDs from visual inspection and a proper motion check using additional optical sky surveys. Hence FBWDs form an additional branch in the CMD. Compared to the full GCNS-selected 100 pc sample, FBWDs have relatively high proper motions and tangential velocities. They represent interesting targets for studies of ultracool or infrared-faint, and possibly also ultramassive WDs.
Interleukin-6 and C-reactive Protein on Admission as Predictor of Mortality in Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rahayu Rahayu , Winarto Winarto , Nasihun Taufiqurrachman
Published: February 2022

Predictors of mortality, an important factor to guide management in COVID-19 patients, have not been fully understood. The common laboratory test for assessing severity in COVID-19 patients include Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). The aims of this study were determine the relationship between the two inflammatory biomarkers and mortality as well as their cut-off values in severe COVID-19 patients. We retrospectively analyzed 80 confirmed patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to an intensive care unit of a secondary hospital in Indonesia between August and December 2020. They were analyzed for baseline clinical and laboratory findings at admission and during the disease. The primary outcome was mortality within 14 days from admission.  CRP and IL-6 levels were evaluated as prognostic factors for outcome using the ROC curve. A total of 80 confirmed patients consisting of 53 (71.25%) survivors, and 23 (28.75%) non-survivors.  Mortality was weakly correlated with levels of IL-6 (r = 0.249) and CRP (r = 0.247). The IL-6 cut-off was 101.64 pg/ml (AUROC 0.658 (95% CI 0.529 – 0.787); p = 0.028). The CRP cut-off was 46.45 mg/L (AUROC 0.659 (95% CI 0.532 – 0.786); p = 0.027). Levels of IL-6 and CRP at the first day of admission were weak predictors of mortality in severe COVID-19 patients.
Diversity and abundance of soil macroinvertebrates along a contamination gradient in the Central Urals, Russia
Authors: Vorobeichik Evgenii , Nesterkov Alexey , Ermakov Alexander , Zolotarev Maxim , Grebennikov Maxim
Published: February 2022

Since the late 1980s, long-term monitoring of terrestrial ecosystems in metal-contaminated areas near the Middle Ural Copper Smelter has been carried out in the Central Urals. As a part of these monitoring programmes, the data on species diversity, community composition and abundance of soil macroinvertebrates continue to be gathered.

The dataset (available from the GBIF network at https://www.gbif.org/dataset/61e92984-382b-4158-be6b-e391c7ed5a64) includes a 2004 census for soil macroinvertebrates of spruce-fir forests along a pollution gradient in the Central Urals. The dataset describes soil macrofauna’s abundance (the number of individuals per sample, i.e. the density) and community structure (list of supraspecific taxa, list of species for most abundant taxa and supraspecific taxa or species abundance). Seventeen sampling plots differed in the levels of toxic metal (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Fe) soil contamination from air emissions of the Middle Ural Copper Smelter (heavily polluted, moderately polluted and unpolluted areas). The dataset consists of 340 sampling events (= samples corresponding to upper and lower layers of the 170 soil monoliths) and 64658 rows (2907 and 61751 for non-zero and zero density of taxa, respectively). Arachnida (Araneae and Opiliones), Carabidae (imagoes), Elateridae (larvae), Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Gastropoda, Staphylinidae (imagoes) and Lumbricidae were identified to species level. In contrast, Mermithida, Enchytraeidae, Lepidoptera larvae, Diptera larvae, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and some other insects were identified to family or order levels. In total, 8430 individuals of soil macroinvertebrates were collected in two soil layers (organic and organic-mineral horizons), including 1046 Arachnida (spiders and harvestmen), 45 Carabidae, 300 Elateridae, 529 Myriapoda, 741 Gastropoda, 437 Staphylinidae, 623 Lumbricidae and 4709 other invertebrates. The presence-absence data on each taxon are provided for each sampling event. An overwhelming majority of such absences can be interpreted as “pseudo-absences” at the scale of sampling plots or study sites. The dataset contains information helpful for long-term ecotoxicological monitoring of forest ecosystems and contributes to studying soil macrofauna diversity in the Urals.