bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-engaging students in medical school accreditation: the independent student analysis action (ISA2) approach
Authors: Scott Kirstin W. , Berger Adam G. , Stuart Jessica C. , Hundert Edward M.
Published: January 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Student satisfaction with key aspects of a medical school program plays a major role in an institution's accreditation in the United States (US). There is limited evidence regarding how to best engage students in responding to areas of lower student satisfaction that are identified through the national Liaison Committee on Medication Education (LCME) accreditation self-study process. Methods: We present a student-led innovation to promote greater levels of student engagement throughout Harvard Medical School's re-accreditation experience, which we refer to as the Independent Student Analysis Action (ISA2) process. This innovation built directly upon the Independent Student Analysis (ISA) survey, which is expected by the LCME for accreditation. The ISA2 process allowed medical student leaders to leverage ISA results to identify 11 priority areas that had relatively lower levels of satisfaction and subsequently coordinate focused, time-limited ISA2 working groups to address these problematic areas. These working groups then presented their solutions to the student body, and a follow-up survey gauged satisfaction with these areas in light of the changes made. Results: The ISA2 process engaged over 110 students, faculty, and staff. The majority of the student body completed the follow-up survey, which demonstrated higher levels of satisfaction with these previously problematic areas as identified in the original ISA survey. Further, 96% of students reported being satisfied with the ISA2 process as a mechanism for utilizing student feedback in the ISA to create meaningful institutional changes. Conclusions: The ISA2 served as a powerful convening mechanism for engaging a large number of students in our institution's re-accreditation efforts. Other medical schools looking to involve students in their continuous quality improvement systems and accreditation experience may benefit from reviewing and customizing this model to their institution's needs.
Religious Freedom in Flux: The European Court of Human Rights Grapples with Ethnic, Cultural, Religious, and Legal Pluralism
Authors: Richardson James T.
Published: January 2020

This article examines the growing influences of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), and controversies arising as a result of the Court’s movement toward establishing itself as a de facto Supreme Court of member nations of the Council of Europe (CoE) in the area of human and civil rights, including religious freedom. Responses to criticisms of the Court are considered, as is the growing problem of some member states refusing to enforce rulings of the Court. Some recent cases, mostly involving Islam, that seem to demonstrate a growing recognition of the ethnic, cultural, and legal pluralism that exists within the expanded CoE are examined. Also discussed is the apparent two-track approach the Court has taken as a result of having to manage religious freedom within such a diverse group of member nations.
From Respected Religion Scholar Expert to Cartoon Character: Reflections in the Wake of the Danish Muhammad Cartoon Crisis and Three Decades as Expert to the Media
Authors: Jensen Tim
Published: January 2020

Respected scholar, expert, public opinion maker, oracle, under-cover politician, charlatan, cartoon character – all roles “out there” waiting for scholars sharing knowledge with a wider public. Scholars of religion trying to carve out more room in the public arena for a nonreligious, scientific approach to religion always risk digging their graves as (respected) scholars. What’s worse, they also risk digging the grave for a valuable and respectable, as well as publicly valued and respected academic, scientific study of religion. The scholar popularizing scientifically based knowledge, not least via the mass media (daily newspapers or public television), may “become” political and controversial to such a degree that s/he becomes a problem for the scientific study of religion, the community of scholars of religion, and the university with which s/he is affiliated. The otherwise valuable engagement threatens the reputation of science as being something valuable, “pure” and “neutral,” elevated above the dirty business of politics and power. In spite of the risks, the engaged scholar, it is, however, also argued, actually can help to strengthen the position, inside and outside the academy, of scientifically based knowledge and of the critical, analytical, scientific study of religion.
The Norwegian Political Discourse on Prohibiting Muslim Garments. An Analysis of Four Cases in the Period 2008–2018
Authors: Andreassen Bengt-Ove
Published: January 2020

The public and political debate about Islam and Muslims in Norway have revolved around issues like topics of integration and “radicalisation” and the compatibility of Islam with democracy and “Western values”. Clothing related to Muslims – i.e. Muslim women – such as hijab, niqab, and burqa are in the public and political debate often referred to as examples that Islam is not compatible with “Norwegian” (or “Western”) values. Several political initiatives in order to ban Muslim garments in public places or in school has been rejected with reference to the Norwegian state’s obligations to Human Rights. This article will illustrate how the political debate about Muslim garments have evolved in the period from 2008 to 2018. Four cases will be presented to illustrate this development, and show how each case have been evaluated by the Ministry of Justice in order to decide whether or not the propositions could be a violation of the Norwegian state’s obligation to Human Rights. The fourth case will illustrate how secular arguments, and the strategic understanding of niqab and burqa as “neutrally designed”, paved the way for a national regulation and a ban on clothing covering the face in educational settings.
Religious Education in Russian Schools: Plans, Pains, Practices
Authors: Iakimova Olga A. , Menshikov Andrey S.
Published: January 2020

Since 2012 the compulsory course “Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics” has been taught in all public schools of Russia. The introduction of the course compelled Russian scholars to engage in comparative research on the development of normative framework and teaching practice in religious education. Despite the importance of global trends and international debates, it is crucial to observe the local dynamics and discover how particular conceptualizations of religion, education goals, principles and teaching practices affect religious education and its development. In our research, we focus on the case of religious education in Sverdlovsk region with the view to discover how successful are the plans which originated in the efforts of the Russian Orthodox Church to gain entry to public schools, but were moderated by the resistance of educational and academic community. How effective are the practices? What unforeseen issues transpired in its implementation? Intending to highlight some major characteristics of the emerging model of religious education in Russian Federation we conducted a set of semi-structured interviews with the representatives of major groups involved in teaching (public authorities; established religious organizations; education officials; educators; parents whose children attend the course modules and, finally, academic community in Religious Studies) and on its basis we conclude that religious education at Russian schools today rests on a discrepancy between the alleged goals of the course “Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics”, which emphasize multicultural education, and its implementation, which stems from practical constraints and local agendas.
Between Barbarism and Progress: Enlightenment Historical Writings on a Major Conflict in Russian History
Authors: Sokolov Sergei V.
Published: January 2020

The dichotomy of barbarism and progress has long been a focal point for the discussions about Russia’s past and present. The discourse on Russian barbarism had been known in Europe since at least 16th century, but Enlightenment thinkers gave it a new shape by juxtaposing the ancient conception of barbarism with the rather modern idea of progress. In this article, Enlightenment historical writings are examined; the focus is on the question of how Russian history was studied in order to find signs of barbarism and the different guises of progress. The primary sources for the article are mainly Russian historical writings; however, relations and interactions between Russian and European intellectuals, as well as intellectual exchange and influence, are also noted. As there were no word “civilization” in 18th-century Russian, enlightenment was deemed by Russian thinkers as the antipode to barbarism. It is concluded that most Enlightenment writers saw Christianization as a step forward from barbarism in Russian history. Parallels between Russia and Scandinavia as they were drawn by August Schlözer are also analyzed. The article shows how the idea of conflict between barbarism and progress altered the understanding of Russian history in the Enlightenment.
Мощные релятивистские генераторы на прямолинейных электронных потоках с электродинамическими фильтрами на концах
Authors: Колосов С. В. , Батура М. П. , Шатилова О. О.
Published: January 2020

Представлены результаты расчетов мощных генераторов СВЧ-излучения на прямолинейных электронных потоках на резонаторах с электродинамическими фильтрами на концах резонаторов. В основу методики расчета процессов в нерегулярном волноводе положены идеи А. Г. Свешникова, основанные на методе преобразования координат, который позволяет искать решение задачи возбуждения нерегулярного волновода путем разложения этого решения по системе базисных функций регулярного волновода. Это позволяет свести 3-мерную задачу к одномерной, что существенно сокращает объем вычислений и повышает точность решения. Расчеты проводились с помощью компьютерной программы GyroK. Наличие электродинамических фильтров на концах волновода позволило повысить добротность резонатора и уменьшить СВЧ-излучение в область катода. Было показано, что мощность таких генераторов может достигать 21 Мвт, что может обеспечить эффективное подавление работы электронных устройств предполагаемого противника.Колосов С. В., Батура М. П., Шатилова О. О. Мощные релятивистские генераторы на прямолинейных электронных потоках с электродинамическими фильтрами на концах. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2019;3(4):369–377. DOI: 10.15826/urej.2019.3.4.003
Numerical simulation of a geotextile soil wall considering soil-atmosphere interaction
Authors: Albino U. R. , Portelinha F. H. M. , Futai M. M.
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a numerical method for considering soil-atmosphere interaction applied to infiltration into an unsaturated geosynthetic reinforced soil wall and its effect on wall stability. A hypothetical nonwoven geotextile reinforced soil wall was subjected to simulated conditions of evaporation and precipitation over 2 years considering local climate variation in São Paulo city, Brazil. Net infiltration and actual evaporation were quantified inside and outside the reinforced zone, allowing for the assessment of changes in soil suction and factors of safety. The study discusses the implications of using in-plane draining reinforcements (e.g. nonwoven geotextiles) and soil-atmosphere effects. Results show that soil suction and factors of safety variation are more dependent on consecutive days of precipitation than on isolated heavy rainfalls. For the climate conditions considered in this study, results show that approximately 50% of the precipitation and potential evaporation transformed into net infiltration and actual evaporation, respectively. Additionally, the numerical results indicate that after the first wetting of the soil inside the reinforced soil zone, the evaporation to the atmosphere did not remove water from the inside of the geosynthetic reinforced wall because of the capillary break.
Innovative technology for production of rolled profiles with simple form
Authors: Fastykovskii A. R. , Bazaikin V. I. , Belyaev S. V. , Zhivago E. Ya.
Published: January 2020

A promising direction for production of simple profiles by rolling includes grooveless rolling. Due to the use of forming in smooth rolls, this direction significantly reduces the production cost of finished products and simplifies the rolling process. However, despite all the obvious advantages of deformation in smooth rolls, there are disadvantages that complicate industrial implementation including the need for edging after each pass and a small coefficient of extraction in smooth rolls. It causes an increase in the number of passes. For the solution of problems encountered in current industrial implementation of grooveless rolling, it is proposed to use deprived-wide vertical stands in continuous groups. Deformation in non-water vertical stands is provided by more complete use of the reserve of contact friction forces of the drive stands installed in front of them. The conditions under which the use of non-water vertical stands is possible are determined. After solving the equation of forces equilibrium on the contact surface in the deformation center of the drive stand, dependence is obtained by which it is possible to find the value of longitudinal force provided by reserve of friction forces. By solving the equation of power balance in form of non-drive rolls, the dependence is obtained determining the longitudinal force required for deformation. The authors offer the dependence by which it is possible to determine the maximum allowed distance between the drive and non-drive stands, providing longitudinal stability of the strip. Using dependencies to determine conditions of deformation in horizontal drive and non-driven vertical mills with smooth rolls, reduction modes during rolling of rebar No. 12 in conditions of JSC “EVRAZ ZSMK” 250 continuous light section mill using roughing stands for grooveless rolling were calculated. As a result it was found that the use of non-water vertical stands allows rolling of larger cast billet of 125x125 mm square on the mill. Economic component of transition to the larger cast billet with development of grooveless rolling was estimated. Advantages of the proposed solutions are shown in comparison with classical method of rebar No. 12 rolling on 250 continuous small-grade mill of JSC “EVRAZ ZSMK”.
Effect of light elements impurity atoms on grain boundary diffusion in FCC metals: a molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Poletaev G. M. , Zorya I. V. , Rakitin R. Yu. , Starostenkov M. D.
Published: January 2020

Effect of carbon and oxygen impurity atoms on diffusion along the tilt grain boundaries with <100> and <111> misorientation axis in metals with FCC lattice was studied by mean of molecular dynamics method. Ni, Ag, and Al were considered as metals. Interactions of metal atoms with each other were described by many-particle Clery-Rosato potentials constructed within the framework of tight binding model. To describe interactions of atoms of light elements impurities with metal atoms and atoms of impurities with each other, Morse pair potentials were used. According to obtained results, impurities in most cases lead to an increase in self-diffusion coefficient along the grain boundaries, which is caused by deformation of crystal lattice near the impurity atoms. Therefore, additional distortions and free volume are formed along the boundaries. It is more expressed for carbon impurities. Moreover, with an increase in concentration of carbon in the metal, an increase in coefficient of grain-boundary self-diffusion was observed first, and then a decrease followed. This behavior is explained by formation of aggregates of carbon atoms at grain boundary, which leads to partial blocking of the boundary. Oxygen atoms had smaller effect on diffusion along the grain boundaries, which is apparently explained by absence of a tendency to form aggregates and lesser deformation of crystal lattice around impurity. The greatest effect of impurities on self-diffusion along the grain boundaries among the examined metals was observed for nickel. Nickel has the smallest lattice parameter, impurity atoms deform its lattice around itself more than aluminum and silver, and therefore they create relatively more lattice distortions in it and additional free volume along the grain boundaries, which lead to an increase in diffusion permeability. Diffusion coefficients along the high-angle boundaries with misorientation angle of 30° turned out to be approximately two times higher than along low-angle boundaries with a misorientation angle of 7°. Diffusion along the <100> grain boundaries flowed more intensively than along the <111> boundaries.
Simulation of crystal growth in multicomponent metastable alloys
Authors: Dudorov M. V. , Roshchin V. E.
Published: January 2020

A method for predicting the regularities of crystal growth from metastable melts has been developed. The process of crystal growth from a multicomponent melt is described by the methods of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, taking into account the mutual influence of thermal and diffusion processes. The application of a new variational approach to the constructed system of equations made it possible to obtain expressions of the crystal growth rate from a multicomponent melt convenient for practical calculations. The obtained technique allowed us to analyze the features of crystal growth at high rate of crystallization front, which leads to “impurity capture” effect – deviation from equilibrium conditions at the phase interface. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to calculate the growth rate of new phase particles and to estimate the effect of metastable effects on deviation of the components’ concentration at surface of the growing crystal from equilibrium values. Thus, using the obtained method, a “metastable” phase diagram of the system under study can be constructed. The developed approach is applied to the calculation of growth of α-Fe(Si) nanocrystals during annealing of amorphous alloy Fe73,5 Cu1 Nb3 Si13,5B9. The calculation results were compared with the results of the experiment on the alloy primary crystallization. It is shown that the concentration of Fe at the surface of the growing crystal does not significantly deviate from the equilibrium values. On the other hand, silicon atoms are captured by the crystallization front, silicon concentration at the surface of the growing nanocrystal deviates significantly from equilibrium values. The calculation has shown that after the initial crystallization of the amorphous phase, occurring at a temperature of 400 – 450 °C, the deviation of silicon concentration from equilibrium value is about 2 %, while this equilibrium value is about 13.3 %.
High power current pulse generator based on reversible thyristor converter
Authors: Kuznetsov V. A. , Polkovnikov G. D. , Gromov V. E. , Kuznetsova V. A. , Peregudov O. A.
Published: January 2020

In metal forming using high power current pulses, it becomes necessary to control both reproduction frequency and pulse amplitude. Description of a generator of high power current pulses with controlled thyristor converter is provided as a power source of charging device (charger) for regulating voltage (pulse amplitude) of capacitor charge. Faults of the generators associated with inrush current in capacitor charge modes are revealed, which reduces quality of supply network. To reduce time of transient processes while lowering voltage across capacitors, application of reverse thyristor converter is applied as a power source. Structural diagram of generator is considered, which includes reversible thyristor converter with separate control, power unit, capacitor recharge device, charger parameters automatic control system and capacitor charge process control system. Calculation of parameters of automatic control system regulators is presented. To obtain optimal transients, standard methodology for setting regulators to a modular optimum was used. In order to reduce overshoot at time of disturbances appearance, which can reach 100 % and higher, socalled logical device was introduced into the automatic control system. It blocks control pulses on thyristors of converter and simultaneously reduces signal at the output of current regulator to zero. Simulation model of high power current pulse generator in MatLab – Simulink environment was synthesized. Analysis of the model was carried out, and graphs are given that explain principle of device operation and transition processes under various operating modes. Generator application will allow user to adjust amplitude of current pulses with high speed and to obtain sufficiently high-quality transient processes of capacitors charge (discharge), which will have beneficial effect on supply network. Application of better converters will significantly increase frequency of reproduction of current pulses.
Assessment of units’ performance of CCM technological line
Authors: Savel’ev A. N. , Sever’yanov S. S.
Published: January 2020

To assess operational reliability of technological units of continuous casting machine (CCM), quantitative indicator of efficiency has been applied. This indicator of efficiency describes ability of technical product to perform work assigned to it with a certain probability, or expectancy that this amount of work will be performed. This indicator is interesting for its optimal value, which being surpassed decreases machine ability to perform the necessary amount of work. Thus, the optimum point of machine operating time limits rational time portion of its use without repair with maximum efficiency. Workability of CCM as technological line as well as operability of its units was evaluated using statistical material obtained during the 15 years of operation of billet CCM. So, all units were divided into three essentially different groups according to conditions of their appointment, i.e. a group of units working with liquid metal, a group of units working with solidifying metal and a group of units working with solidified metal. Performance of each group of units is estimated in absolute and relative values. When assessing performance of CCM units in absolute values, units operating with liquid metal have the greatest performance. Its rational service life from repair to repair is 270 hours with reliability of 0.51. The smallest efficiency was manifested in units working with solidified metal. Its performance lasts 150 hours with reliability of 0.6. Average efficiency in relative units of all groups of aggregates is almost the same, which makes it possible to use this indicator at an early stage of assessing efficiency of both machine units and CCM as a whole.
Rebolsky Pogost in the 16th – 18th Centuries. Self-organization of Karelian Peasants and the Ethnocultural Community Building: Interdisciplinary Research Potentsial
Authors: Zhukov Aleksey
Published: January 2020

The paper is devoted to the integrating role of the peasants self-organization for the ethnocultural community building of Karelians, shows its influence for the formation of Karelian Proper dialect.
The Orthodox Parish as a Factor of Ethnic Interaction in the late 18 – early 20 Centuries (based on Karelian materials)
Authors: Pulkin Maxim
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to discusses the special aspects of the parish clergy’ and Karelian parishioners’ interaction. It was revealed that the formation of religious education in the Olonets diocese actualized the publication of theological literature in the languages of the indigenous peoples.
Job Direction in the Field of Hospitality in Korea: Using Private Qualifications
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Kim Youn-A , Min Ha-Na
Published: January 2020

In this study, it is expected that private qualification will be activated as a medium for supplying outstanding workers to the right place in the labor market, maintaining the characteristics of the hospitality field where trends are rapidly reflected. The purpose of this study is to examine the direction of employment (job direction) in the domestic hospitality field by conducting text mining and social network analysis on the names of private qualifications registered by domestic hospitality companies. As a result, words related to coffee and recreation-related words related to events were predominant, and it is also assumed that there were many demands for various jobs related to cooking, culture, and children. As a result of COMCOR analysis, five clusters appeared: 1) barista/sommelier attributes, 2) cooking/cultural attributes, 3) child/cake attributes, 4) recreation attributes, and 5) educational attributes. This study has academic value in that it analyzed the data of private qualifications for employment in the domestic hospitality industry, which is different from the traditional empirical analysis method. However, this study has the limitation that it analyzed with limited information. Future studies should analyze using broader information, such as job specifications and subjects for certification.
PENGGUNAAN METODE IN THE NEWS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI INFORMASI SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di Kelas XI MIIA 2 SMA Kartika XIX-1 Bandung)
Authors: Mulyati Efik , Ma'mur Tarunasena
Published: January 2020

This research entitled ‘The use of in the news method to increase the students’ ability on information literacy in history learning (Classroom action research in twelfth grade-MIIA 2, SMA Kartika XIX-1 Bandung)’. After conducting the initial observation, the problem that occurs is the low ability of the students’ information literacy. It can be seen through the students’ habit that only concerns one resource in investigating a particular topic that relates to teaching material or in answering the questions given by the teacher. The students also do not exercise identification process on the goodness or the badness of the resource used to accomplish their assignments. Moreover, the students do not have the ability to process the information well. Most students directly copy the information obtained from the resource to finish their assignments. This study employs classroom action research with the use of Dave Ebbut’s research design. Through in the news methodology, the teacher emphasizes the students to investigate, process, and communicate many kinds of information from the resources used by them. Based on the analysis of this research, it shows that the use of in the news method can increase the students’ ability on information literacy in history learning in twelfth grade-MIIA 2, SMA Kartika XIX-1 Bandung. It can be seen from the enhancement of the students’ achievement in every implementation of cycle, the work on assignment, and group presentation.
PERLAWANAN BAGUS RANGIN: PERANG NASIONAL YANG TERLUPAKAN
Authors: Purnaningsih Herni , Mulyana Agus
Published: January 2020

This article entitled “Bagus Rangin Resistance: The Forgotten National War”. The main issue discussed in this essay is “Why there is resistance of Bagus Rangin in the year of 1806-1812 and how it affects society in the future”. The problem is assesed using the historical method through four steps of activity, there are; heuristic, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The result showed that the background of the Bagus Rangin resistance in 1806-1812 are because the high tax system applied by the colonial government, colonial exploitation and political domination of the Sultante of Cirebon which cause a reduction in the role of the Sultan in Cirebon residency. The leader of this resistance movement was called Bagus Rangin, people assumed that he is the messiah that being perceived as ‘Ratu Adil’ who will save the people, especially farmers and students from colonial tyranny. The impact of Bagus Rangin resistance is giving inspiration for the people of Cirebon to fight colonialism.
PENGGUNAAN TEKNIK TIME TOKEN ARENDS UNTUK MENUMBUHKAN SIKAP DEMOKRATIS PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas XI MIA 5 SMAN 1 Katapang)
Authors: Kurniawan Sumpena , Supriatna Nana , Kurniawati Yeni
Published: January 2020

This research is motivated by the problems occured in learning history. The problems associated with student activity especially in democratic attitude. Their democratic attitude in the learning activity is considering low Departing from these problems, the researcher tried to apply the technique of “time token” to foster students democratic attitudes in the teaching of history. The reeseach method that used in this paper is Classroom Action Research with the approachment research design by Kemmis & Mc. Taggart which conducted into several stages including planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Based on the observation, the democratic attitudes in class XI MIA 5 has increased, which is based on the number of cycles that have been made. Research provides students 97% increase in learning. In the end of the history learning using the time token technique can be resulting in the increase of students democratic attitudes.
SEPAK TERJANG SARWO EDHIE WIBOWO DALAM MENJAGA STABILITAS KEAMANAN NASIONAL INDONESIA (1965-1989)
Authors: Nurodin Acep , Saripudin Didin , Kamsori Moch Eryk
Published: January 2020

This research entitled “The Action of Sarwo Edhie Wibowo in Maintaining Stability of Indonesia National Security (1965-1989)”. The Main problem in this research is “How was Sarwo Edhie Wibowo’s Action in Maintaining Indonesian National Security (1965-1989)”. The Research methodology used in this research is historical method through many steps such as heuristic, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The researcher used interdisciplinary approaches through sociology and politic study. Sarwo Edhie Wibowo’s position as Commander of The Command of The Army Regiment (RPKAD) was most attracted era. Based on the command of PANGKOSTRAD Major General Soeharto, Sarwo Edhie succeeded to overcome coup of 30th September Movement. Entering New Order era, Sarwo Edhie officiated as Pangdam II/Bukit Barisan and helped in PNI stopping operation in North Andalas and then became Pangdam XVII/Cendrawasih. As Pangdam XVII/Cendrawasih, Sarwo Edhie had a role in succeeding PEPERA execution. In the end of his career, Sarwo Edhie became Governor of AKABRI, ambassador in South Korea, Head of BP7, and last as member of DPR/MPR. Until the end, he was retired and passed away at 10th November 1989.
REKAM JEJAK MALCOLM X DALAM PENEGAKAN HAK SIPIL ORANG KULIT HITAM AMERIKA SERIKAT 1957-1965
Authors: Malik Ari Kamal , Darmawan Wawan
Published: January 2020

This reasearch entitled “Peranan Malcolm X Dalam Perjuangan Hak-Hak Sipil Orang Kulit Hitam Tahun 1957-1965”. The method that used is hirostical method that divided into four steps, those are: heuristics, critique, interpretation and historiography as the tools to collecting data the researcher doing the study techniques with literature review that are relevant to the theme of this research. Based on the results of the study can be explained that Malcolm X or Ell-Haj Malik Ell-Shabbazz is the civil right struggle of blackcs who are quite notable, beside from being a struggler from the black civil rights, he also transformed as an Islamic figure of USA. So many ways that was struggled by Malcolm X to get the civil right of blacks, those are: created the relationship with another leader in the other country such as Kasem Gulick the leader of the Turkish parliament, and make the organization African American unity, attended in Asian African Conferenced in Bandung, make the Malcolm X Foundation. The struggles by Malcolm X are influenced from some prominent figure such as W.E.B Du Bois and Elijah Muhammad. The life of blacks is being well after struggling the civil right that was achieved by Malcolm X, the life of blacks began to rise after the struggles of the civil right by Malcolm X, the level of blacks began to increase, the various employment be able for blacks, the social facilities are not be differentianted, and the rights of election strated evenness.
PERAN AMIR MACHMUD DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEPERA 1969
Authors: Suryana Andri Yunas , Suwirta Andi , Kamsori Moch Eryk
Published: January 2020

This research entitled as “Peranan Amir Machmud dalam Mempertahankan Pemerintahan Soeharto 1969-1982”. The main problem in this research is “How deep the role of Amir Machmud in maintaining Soeharto’s government 1969-1982?”. The hictorical method used in this research, that is consisting heuristic, critical sources, interpretation, and historiography. To deepen the analysis, the interdisipliner approach such as sociology and political science was used in this research, such as role, political stability, and general elections concepts also there was Patron-Client and Structuration theories. Amir Machmud was a prominent figure during Orde Baru period. Amir Machmud was born at Cibeber, Cimahi city and had successful military career during New Order era. Amir Machmud held position as minister of domestic affairs in 3 periods. As a minister, he had successfully carry on some urge problems to government, like PEPERA problem that considered as fraudulence because unappropriate based on New York agreement by international affairs. Keywords: Amir Machmud, Role, West Irian, PEPERA.
PERKEMBANGAN SANGGAR SENI TARI TOPENG MULYA BHAKTI DI DESA TAMBI
Authors: Susilo Dimas Rachmat , Saripudin Didin , Moeis Syarief
Published: January 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to describe the Development of Sanggar Seni Tari Topeng Mulya Bhakti in Tambi Village, Indramayu between 19832015. This paper uses the istorical method, this method consists of: heuristic, critic, interpretation and historiography. While the main topic of this paper is how was the development of Sanggar Mulya Bhakti traditional dance studio in Tambi Village, Indramayu. Mulya Bhakti was established by  Mama Taham, who was born in traditional dancer family which was successfully succeeded by their ancestors. Sanggar Mulya Bhakti is one of few traditional dance studio, especially focused on traditional mask dance,  that still survive in the middle of foreign culture wave. Mama Taham established the studio because he didn’t wanted to see his children grew up without knowing their native culture and trapped on globalization era. We can see his success of teaching traditional mask dance to his children nowadays because now the managers of Sanggar Mulya Bhakti are his children and Sanggar Mulya Bhakti is better, popular and well developed than before.
SURASTRI KARMA TRIMURTI: MENGGUGAT HAK-HAK KAUM BURUH PEREMPUAN INDONESIA TAHUN 1945-1954
Authors: Indraswari Giana Fitri , Yulifar Leli
Published: January 2020

This research is entitled “Surastri Karma Trimurti: Sued the Right of Woman Laborers of Indonesia 1945-1954”. This research is the interest of author in the role of S.K Trimurti in defending the rights of women laborers in Indonesia in 1945-1954. The purpose of this research are, 1) Describe the the social-economic woman laborers in Indonesia 1930-1944; 2) Describe the background of S.K Trimurti’s life; 3) Describe how was the efforts of S.K Trimurti for the right of Indonesian woman laborers in 1945-1954; 4) Describe the impact of S.K Trimurti’s struggled on the rights of indonesian woman laborers 1948-1954. This research using the History Method, there are: Heuristics, Critics, and Historiography. The research technic which is used in this paper is literature study by using the relevant books. Based on th research, there was few results. First, The condition of woman laborers during the Dutch and Japanese occupations showed injustice, The condition of women workers is still very apprehensive with various actions that are inconsistent with the dignity of women workers as laborers. Second, some activists who fought for the rights of women laborers as one of the workers were S.K Trimurti who had contributed to the fight before and after independence. Third, the efforts of S.K Trimurti were demonstrated for the welfare and prosecution of justice for women laborers in Indonesia, especially regarding wages and reproductive rights. Fourth is the impact of the struggle was contained in the Work Act of 1948 even until now a legal guideline in the field of labor.
DINAMIKA KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL BUDAYA ETNIS TIONGHOA DALAM BINGKAI KEBIJAKAN ASIMILASI ORDE BARU (1966-1998)
Authors: Chessiagi Levia , Darmawan Wawan , Ma'mur Tarunasena
Published: January 2020

TThis research titled “The Dynamics of SocioCulture Life of Chinese Ethnic in Frames of Assimilation Policy by the New Order Government (1966-1998)”. The background why researcher took this problem is due to the interest in the condition of Chinese ethnic and the assimilation policy that applied by New Order Government. The application of assimilation policy has an impact on the limited space of Chinese ethnic lives. The main issue that examined in this research is “How was the New Order Government applied the assimilation policy toward Chinese ethnic in Indonesia specially in socio-culture aspect in 1966-1988?” This problem was examined by using the historical method that divided into four steps: Heuristic, Critic, Interpretation, Historiography. As for the data collection that used is literature studies by examining many literature sources which relevant with the topic. Based on the results, could be explain that First New Order Government applied the assimilation policy influenced by the idea of Chinese figures and made the ide as an official policy to resolve problems of Chinese ethnic that had long been happened in Indonesia. Second, the implementation of assimilation policy was experienced some obstacles and caused some problems on its implementation. Third, assimilation policy in social-culture aspect gave the negative impact that limiting the movement of Chinese ethnic in various areas of life, but gave them the room in economic aspect, assimilation policy was also giving the positive impact in creating multicultural society. The results of this study can be seen that the mutual respects were needed for the creation of harmony between communities in the country.
JALAN DAMAI MENUJU KEAMANAN REGIONAL: PENDEKATAN ASEAN DALAM UPAYA PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK LAUT CHINA SELATAN
Authors: Pratama Indra Kusumah R. Wildan , Supriatna Nana , Kusmarni Yani
Published: January 2020

The research aimed to have an in-depth study about the development of South China Sea issue that involved countries such as China, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia Brunei Darussalam and the ASEAN’s role as a Regional Organization in that conflict. In general, this study wants to answer the question about “how is ASEAN’s approaches in order to reconcile South China Sea Conflict peacefully?”. To examine the problem, researcher conducted a study by using historical method that includes four research steps namely collecting of written source through literature study (heuristics), source criticism, interpretation or source analysis and historiography. Researcher also using concepts to simplify the analysis, of which are a regional organization concept, a concept of interest, an international dispute concept, a conflict concept, diplomatic concept, and the law of the sea concept. A rationalisation for this South China Sea study, because the issue remains dynamic and it is difficult to find a solution. Many perspectives regarding claims that were made by countries around the South China Sea and the potentials aspects that embedded could disrupt peace and stability in the region’s security. These issues become challenging for ASEAN. The resulting study found that: there are numbers of a mechanism such as an informal, semi-formal and formal mechanism. However, those mechanisms have not been able to resolve the conflict. Several efforts have been made to prevent military conflicts. In its development, the South China conflict has shown a more positive progress.
KIPRAH SUDHARMONO DALAM SEJARAH GOLONGAN KARYA (1983-1988)
Authors: Regina Adisthy , Suwirta Andi
Published: January 2020

The main problem discussed in this study, “how was the role of Sudharmono in leading the Golongan Karya (1983-1988)”. The research method used was the historical method including heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Based on result’s study, Sudharmono was Soeharto’s right-hand man in New Order’s era. This proven with the candidacy of Sudharmono as Golkar Chairman from 1983-1988, that was directly elected by Soeharto. Sudharmono was a figure who contributed to Golkar’s progress in the New Order (1983-1988). Sudharmono was a Chairman from civilian,however, he could take Golkar to maximum advancement. These advancements were made because Sudharmono had taken formal and non-formal education with tremendously well. His great accomplishments made Sudharmono become a figurewho could work more. Sudharmono has made Golkar better through his policy called Tri Sukses Golkar, such as Sukses Konsolidasi, Sukses Repelita IV and Sukses Pemilu 1987, as well as General Assembly of MPR 1988. The policy that made by Sudharmonohave connectedness because if consolidation succeeded, it would affect success for other policy namely Repelita and the General Election of 1987. A great victory of Golkar in General Election of 1987, had succeeded made Sudharmono became the Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia in 1988. This accomplishment became a threat to Soeharto because he could replace him from the presidency position. To prevent such action, Soeharto forbade Sudharmono to proposed back to became Golkar’s Chairman for 1988-1993 period.
DINAMIKA HUBUNGAN BILATERAL AUSTRALIAINDONESIA PADA MASA PERDANA MENTERI JOHN HOWARD TAHUN 1996-2007
Authors: Fatmawati Fatmawati , Ma'moer Tarunasena
Published: January 2020

Prime Minister John Howard’s behaviour often considered conservative and “Anti- Asian”, no exception to Indonesia. John Howard viewed Indonesia did not have a strategic position for Australia’s national interests. This study answered the question on “how did the dynamic of Australia-Indonesia bilateral relations at Prime Minister John Howard’s era in 1996-2007?”. At his administration, John Howard issued numbers of policy towards Indonesia, which are the policy related to East Timor issue, counterterrorism cooperation, the policy of Pacific Solution, assistance for tsunami disaster in Aceh that happened in 2004. These policies apparently made impacts to Australia- Indonesia bilateral relations. During eleven years administration of Prime Minister John Howard, the bilateral relations between Australia-Indonesia has experienced its dynamics of ebb and flow. These dynamics primarily caused by policies that Prime Minister John Howard issued, which gave more benefit to the Australian Government and created imbalance relations between two countries. Therefore, it became more interesting to be discussed for further study regarding which policies that gave more benefit for the Australian Government and in a contrary gave less benefit to Indonesian Government, thus the position of two countries became an imbalance in bilateral relations context. This research is expected to be a reference for other researchers who will examine the bilateral relations between Australia-Indonesia in John Howard’s era because there are still many aspects between the two countries relations that have not been elaborated by the researcher, namely economic, education and socio-cultural.
JOHANNES LEIMENA DALAM KESEHATAN IBU DAN ANAK DI INDONESIA (1946-1956)
Authors: Astiannis Rella
Published: January 2020

Mother and child welfare are very important in every country and one of the most important issues that should have an attention from the Minister of Health. Because it will affect a country’s progress and resilience. To increasing mother and child welfare, a comprehensive act such as economic, social, and health itself need to be implemented. For a newly independent state, that was a difficult thing to be done. Likewise, Indonesia after gained independence which also dealt with difficulties in improving their society health particularly mother and child health where at that time mortality were very high. Coupled with Indonesia which was confronted the revolutionary era (1945-1956) after gained its independence. Dr Johannes Leimena as a Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia from 1946 to 1956 was the one who has responsibility for public health in that period. This research was intended to analyse on increasing mother and child’s programs under Johannes Leimena era which referred to historical research methods such as heuristic, criticism, and historiography. Based on the result, in1940-1950 Indonesia has a low rate of population growth and one of them was due to the high rate of maternal and child mortality. At that time, Indonesia experienced an economic crisis that must strive to provide primary health care for mothers and children in Indonesia. So in 1951, Dr Johannes Leimena established BKIA (Balai Kesejahteraan Ibu dan Anak or Mother and Child Welfare Center) as a solution to these problems. BKIA is a regional health service centre including providing counselling to mothers and children. In its implementation in Indonesia, the BKIA assisted by UNICEF as an international child protection institution, as well as the government and the community who also participated in succeeded in the program. With its consistency, BKIA as the frontline for maternal and child health services that also served public health can reduce population's mortality rates in Indonesia and even gave an impact on increasing public awareness of the importance of maintaining health.
Peranan Raden Ajeng Sutartinah Dalam Memperjuangkan Hak Pendidikan Untuk Perempuan Melalui Organisasi Wanita Tamansiswa Tahun 1922-1971
Authors: Insyarah Ridha Laeli , Yulifar Leli
Published: January 2020

Latar belakang penelitian ini muncul sebagai ketertarikan penulis terhadap pergerakan perempuan khususnya tokoh perempuan Raden Ajeng Sutartinah yang namanya masih belum banyak didengar oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini secara garis besar ingin menjawab pertanyaan “Bagaimanakah Peranan Raden Ajeng Sutartinah dalam Memperjuangkan Hak Pendidikan untuk Perempuan melalui Organisasi Wanita Tamansiswa tahun 1922-1971?”. Penulis melakukan kajian dengan menggunakan metode historis yang dibagi ke dalam tiga tahapan yaitu heuristik, kritik, dan historiografi. Pada tahap heuristik, data yang penulis kumpulkan didapat dari teknik studi literatur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat dijelaskan bahwa Raden Ajeng Sutartinah merupakan tokoh perempuan keturunan bangsawan Paku Alaman, jiwa pejuang yang ada dalam dirinya didapat dari pembentukan jiwa yang diajarkan oleh kedua orang tuanya dan dari keadaan masyarakat yang berada di bawah pemerintahan Hindia Belanda pada waktu itu. Berbagai usahapun dilakukan oleh Raden Ajeng Sutartinah dalam memperjuangkan hak pendidikan terutama bagi perempuan mulai dari langkah awal membentuk organisasi Wanita Tamansiswa, sebagai pemrakarsa pelaksanaan Kongres Perempuan Indonesia yang pertama, usahanya melawan Ordonansi Sekolah Liar tahun 1932, hingga menjadi Pemimpin Umum Majelis Luhur Persatuan Tamansiswa dan organisasi Wanita Tamansiswa. Selama berjuang Raden Ajeng Sutartinah telah membawa hasil-hasil positif yang berhasil dia ciptakan bagi kaum perempuan, salah satunya adalah terselenggarakannya pembinaan pendidikan dan keterampilan kewanitaan kepada anggota organisasi dan anggota keluarga wanita Tamansiswa dan membuka yayasan Taman Pendidikan Dewanti di bawah naungan Badan Pusat Wanita Tamansiswa.