bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical solution for nonadiabatic quantum annealing to arbitrary Ising spin Hamiltonian
Authors: Yan Bin , Sinitsyn Nikolai A.
Published: April 2022

Ising spin Hamiltonians are often used to encode a computational problem in their ground states. Quantum Annealing (QA) computing searches for such a state by implementing a slow time-dependent evolution from an easy-to-prepare initial state to a low energy state of a target Ising Hamiltonian of quantum spins, HI. Here, we point to the existence of an analytical solution for such a problem for an arbitrary HI beyond the adiabatic limit for QA. This solution provides insights into the accuracy of nonadiabatic computations. Our QA protocol in the pseudo-adiabatic regime leads to a monotonic power-law suppression of nonadiabatic excitations with time T of QA, without any signature of a transition to a glass phase, which is usually characterized by a logarithmic energy relaxation. This behavior suggests that the energy relaxation can differ in classical and quantum spin glasses strongly, when it is assisted by external time-dependent fields. In specific cases of HI, the solution also shows a considerable quantum speedup in computations.
Ratiometric afterglow luminescent nanoplatform enables reliable quantification and molecular imaging
Authors: Liu Yongchao , Teng Lili , Lyu Yifan , Song Guosheng , Zhang Xiao-Bing , Tan Weihong
Published: April 2022

Afterglow luminescence is an internal luminescence pathway that occurs after photo-excitation, holds great promise for non-background molecular imaging in vivo, but suffer from poor quantitative ability owing to luminescent attenuation over time. Moreover, the inert structure and insufficient reactive sites of current afterglow materials make it hard to design activatable afterglow probes for specific detection. Here, we report a ratiometric afterglow luminescent nanoplatform to customize various activatable afterglow probes for reliable quantification and molecular imaging of specific analytes, such as NO, ONOO− or pH. Notably, these afterglow probes can not only address the attenuation of afterglow intensity and eliminate the interference of factors (e.g., laser power, irradiation time, and exposure time), but also significantly improve the imaging reliability in vivo and signal-to-background ratios (~1200-fold), both of which enable more reliable quantitative analysis in biological systems. Moreover, as a proof-of-concept, we successfully design an NO-responsive ratiometric afterglow nanoprobe, RAN1. This nanoprobe can monitor the fluctuations of intratumoral NO, as a biomarker of macrophage polarization, making it possible to real-time dynamically evaluate the degree cancer immunotherapy, which provides a reliable parameter to predict the immunotherapeutic effect.
Brillouin Klein bottle from artificial gauge fields
Authors: Chen Z. Y. , Yang Shengyuan A. , Zhao Y. X.
Published: April 2022

A Brillouin zone is the unit for the momentum space of a crystal. It is topologically a torus, and distinguishing whether a set of wave functions over the Brillouin torus can be smoothly deformed to another leads to the classification of various topological states of matter. Here, we show that under$${{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}$$Z2gauge fields, i.e., hopping amplitudes with phases ±1, the fundamental domain of momentum space can assume the topology of a Klein bottle. This drastic change of the Brillouin zone theory is due to the projective symmetry algebra enforced by the gauge field. Remarkably, the non-orientability of the Brillouin Klein bottle corresponds to the topological classification by a$${{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}$$Z2invariant, in contrast to the Chern number valued in$${\mathbb{Z}}$$Zfor the usual Brillouin torus. The result is a novel Klein bottle insulator featuring topological modes at two edges related by a nonlocal twist, radically distinct from all previous topological insulators. Our prediction can be readily achieved in various artificial crystals, and the discovery opens a new direction to explore topological physics by gauge-field-modified fundamental structures of physics.
TLR4 and SARM1 modulate survival and chemoresistance in an HPV-positive cervical cancer cell line
Authors: Morale Mirian Galliote , Tamura Rodrigo Esaki , Cintra Ricardo , Araújo Natália Meneses , Villa Luisa Lina
Published: April 2022

Human Papillomavirus is responsible for a wide range of mucosal lesions and tumors. The immune system participate in tumorigenesis in different ways. For example, signaling pathways triggered by Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a role in chemotherapy resistance in several tumor types and are candidates for contributing to the development of HPV-induced tumors. Here, we studied the receptor TLR4 and the adaptor molecule SARM1 in HeLa cells, an HPV-positive cervical cancer cell line. Knocking out of these genes individually proved to be important for maintaining cell viability and proliferation. TLR4 knock out cells were more sensitive to cisplatin treatment, which was illustrated by an increased frequency of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, TLR4 and SARM1 modulated ROS production, which was induced by cell death in response to cisplatin. In conclusion, TLR4 and SARM1 are important for therapy resistance and cervical cancer cell viability and may be relevant clinical targets.
The novel adamantane derivatives as potential mediators of inflammation and neural plasticity in diabetes mice with cognitive impairment
Authors: Piątkowska-Chmiel Iwona , Gawrońska-Grzywacz Monika , Popiołek Łukasz , Herbet Mariola , Dudka Jarosław
Published: April 2022

Diabetes is a chronic disease leading to memory difficulties and deterioration of learning abilities. The previous studies showed that modulation of inflammatory pathways in the diabetic brain may reduce dysfunction or cell death in brain areas which are important for control of cognitive function. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective actions of newly synthesized adamantane derivatives on diabetes-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Our study relied on the fact that both vildagliptin and saxagliptin belong to DPP4 inhibitors and, contain adamantanyl group. Efficacy of tested compounds at reversing diabetes-induced different types of memory impairment was evaluated with the use of selected behavioural tests. The following neuroinflammatory indicators were also analyzed: neuroinflammatory indicators and the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response of brain (Cav1, Bdnf). Our study demonstrated that new adamantane derivatives, similarly to DPP4 inhibitors, can restrict diabetes-induced cognitive deficits. We demonstrated that the overexpression of GLP-1-glucagon-like peptide as well as Bdnf, Cav1 genes translate into central blockade of pro-inflammatory synthesis of cytokines and significantly improvement on memory performance in diabetes mice. Newly synthesized adamantane derivatives might have important roles in prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment by inflammatory events in patients with diabetes or related diseases.
Compact bunker shielding assessment for 1.5 T MR-Linac
Authors: Sung Jiwon , Choi Yeonho , Kim Jun Won , Lee Ik Jae , Lee Ho
Published: April 2022

This study evaluated the effect of the 1.5 T magnetic field of the magnetic resonance-guided linear accelerator (MR-Linac) on the radiation leakage doses penetrating the bunker radiation shielding wall. The evaluated 1.5 T MR-Linac Unity system has a bunker of the minimum recommended size. Unlike a conventional Linac, both primary beam transmission and secondary beam leakage were considered independently in the design and defined at the machine boundary away from the isocenter. Moreover, additional shielding was designed considering the numerous ducts between the treatment room and other rooms. The Linac shielding was evaluated by measuring the leakage doses at several locations. The intrinsic vibration and magnetic field were inspected at the proposed isocenter of the system. For verification, leakage doses were measured before and after applying the magnetic field. The intrinsic vibration and magnetic field readings were below the permitted limit. The leakage dose (0.05–12.2 µSv/week) also complied with internationally stipulated limits. The special shielding achieved a five-fold reduction in leakage dose. Applying the magnetic field increased the leakage dose by 0.12 to 4.56 µSv/week in several measurement points, although these values fall within experimental uncertainty. Thus, the effect of the magnetic field on the leakage dose could not be ascertained.
Expanding the understanding of majority-bias in children’s social learning
Authors: Sibilsky Anne , Colleran Heidi , McElreath Richard , Haun Daniel B. M.
Published: April 2022

Prior experiments with children across seven different societies have indicated U-shaped age patterns in the likelihood of copying majority demonstrations. It is unclear which learning strategies underlie the observed responses that create these patterns. Here we broaden the understanding of children’s learning strategies by: (1) exploring social learning patterns among 6–13-year-olds (n = 270) from ethnolinguistically varied communities in Vanuatu; (2) comparing these data with those reported from other societies (n = 629), and (3) re-analysing our and previous data based on a theoretically plausible set of underlying strategies using Bayesian methods. We find higher rates of social learning in children from Vanuatu, a country with high linguistic and cultural diversity. Furthermore, our results provide statistical evidence for modest U-shaped age patterns for a more clearly delineated majority learning strategy across the current and previously investigated societies, suggesting that the developmental mechanisms structuring majority bias are cross-culturally highly recurrent and hence a fundamental feature of early human social learning.
CA 15-3 prognostic biomarker in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia
Authors: Ros-Lucas José Antonio , Pascual-Figal Domingo Andrés , Noguera-Velasco José Antonio , Hernández-Vicente Álvaro , Cebreiros-López Iria , Arnaldos-Carrillo María , Martínez-Ardil Isabel M. , García-Vázquez Elisa , Aparicio-Vicente Mario , Solana-Martínez Elena , Ruiz-Martínez Sheyla Yolany , Fernández-Mula Laura , Andujar-Espinosa Rubén , Fernández-Suarez Beatriz , Sánchez-Caro Maria Dolores , Peñalver-Mellado Carlos , Ruiz-López Francisco José
Published: April 2022

The severity of lung involvement is the main prognostic factor in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), a marker of lung damage and fibrosis, could help predict the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. This was a retrospective and observational study. CA 15-3 was analyzed in the blood samples of patients consecutively admitted for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and whose blood samples were available in the biobank. Other prognostic markers were also measured (interleukin 6 [IL6], C-reactive protein [CRP], D-dimer, troponin T, and NT-ProBNP). The occurrence of in-hospital complications was registered, including death, the need for medical intensive care, and oxygen therapy at discharge. In this study, 539 patients were recruited (54.9% men, mean age: 59.6 ± 16.4 years). At admission, the mean concentrations of CA 15-3 was 20.5 ± 15.8 U/mL, and the concentration was correlated with male sex, older age, and other severity markers of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) (IL6, CRP, D-dimer, troponine T, and NT-ProBNP). CA 15-3 levels were higher in patients who died (n = 56, 10.4%) (35.33 ± 30.45 vs. 18.8 ± 12.11, p < 0.001), who required intensive medical support (n = 78, 14.4%; 31.17 ± 27.83 vs. 18.68 ± 11.83; p < 0.001), and who were discharged with supplemental oxygen (n = 64, 13.3%; 22.65 ± 14.41 vs. 18.2 ± 11.7; p = 0.011). Elevated CA 15-3 levels (above 34.5 U/mL) were a strong predictor of a complicated in-hospital course, in terms of a higher risk of death (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–11.9, p = 0.022) and need for intensive care (adjusted OR 4.56, 95% CI: 1.37–15.8) after adjusting for all other risk factors. The degree of lung damage and fibrosis evaluated in terms of CA 15-3 concentrations may allow early identification of the increased risk of complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
Shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed the prebiotic potential of a grain-based diet in mice
Authors: Jangid Aditi , Fukuda Shinji , Suzuki Yutaka , Taylor Todd D. , Ohno Hiroshi , Prakash Tulika
Published: April 2022

In the present study, we elucidated the effect of grain-based (GB) diet containing both soluble and insoluble fibers and purified ingredients-based (PIB) diet containing only insoluble fiber, namely cellulose on mice gut microbiome using whole shotgun based metagenomic sequencing. Although the fiber content in both diet types is the same (5%) the presence of soluble fiber only in the GB diet differentiates it from the PIB diet. The taxonomic analysis of sequenced reads reveals a significantly higher enrichment of probiotic Lactobacilli in the GB group as compared to the PIB group. Further, the enhancement of energy expensive cellular processes namely, cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning, and transcription is observed in the GB group which could be due to the metabolization of the soluble fiber for faster energy production. In contrast, a higher abundance of cellulolytic bacterial community namely, the members of family Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae and the metabolism functions are found in the PIB group. The PIB group shows a significant increase in host-derived oligosaccharide metabolism functions indicating that they might first target the host-derived oligosaccharides and self-stored glycogen in addition to utilising the available cellulose. In addition to the beneficial microbial community variations, both the groups also exhibited an increased abundance of opportunistic pathobionts which could be due to an overall low amount of fiber in the diet. Furthermore, backtracing analysis identified probiotic members of Lactobacillus, viz., L. crispatus ST1, L. fermentum CECT 5716, L. gasseri ATCC 33323, L. johnsonii NCC 533 and L. reuteri 100-23 in the GB group, while Bilophila wadsworthia 3_1_6, Desulfovibrio piger ATCC 29098, Clostridium symbiosum WAL-14163, and Ruminococcaceae bacterium D16 in the PIB group. These data suggest that Lactobacilli, a probiotic community of microorganisms, are the predominant functional contributors in the gut of GB diet-fed mice, whereas pathobionts too coexisted with commensals in the gut microbiome of the PIB group. Thus at 5% fiber, GB modifies the gut microbial ecology more effectively than PIB and the inclusion of soluble fiber in the GB diet may be one of the primary factors responsible for this impact.
Cell type and gene expression deconvolution with BayesPrism enables Bayesian integrative analysis across bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing in oncology
Authors: Chu Tinyi , Wang Zhong , Pe’er Dana , Danko Charles G.
Published: April 2022

Inferring single-cell compositions and their contributions to global gene expression changes from bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets is a major challenge in oncology. Here we develop Bayesian cell proportion reconstruction inferred using statistical marginalization (BayesPrism), a Bayesian method to predict cellular composition and gene expression in individual cell types from bulk RNA-seq, using patient-derived, scRNA-seq as prior information. We conduct integrative analyses in primary glioblastoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and skin cutaneous melanoma to correlate cell type composition with clinical outcomes across tumor types, and explore spatial heterogeneity in malignant and nonmalignant cell states. We refine current cancer subtypes using gene expression annotation after exclusion of confounding nonmalignant cells. Finally, we identify genes whose expression in malignant cells correlates with macrophage infiltration, T cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells across multiple tumor types. Our work introduces a new lens to accurately infer cellular composition and expression in large cohorts of bulk RNA-seq data.
Transient variation in seismic wave speed points to fast fluid movement in the Earth's outer core
Authors: Zhou Ying
Published: April 2022

The solid inner core grows through crystallization of the liquid metallic outer core. This process releases latent heat as well as light elements, providing thermal and chemical buoyancy forces to drive the Earth’s geodynamo. Here we investigate temporal changes in the liquid outer core by measuring travel times of core-penetrating SKS waves produced by pairs of large earthquakes at close hypocenters. While the majority of the measurements do not require a change in the outer core, we observe SKS waves that propagate through the upper half of the outer core in the low latitude Pacific travel about one second faster at the time when the second earthquake occurred, about 20 years after the first earthquake. This observation can be explained by 2–3% of density deficit, possibly associated with high-concentration light elements in localized transient flows in the outer core, with a flow speed in the order of 40 km/year.
Targeting Supramolecular Imaging Agents for a Wide Range of Applications
Authors: Calatrava-Pérez Elena , Surender Esther , Truman Laura , Máille GearÓid M. Ó , Henwood Adam Francis , Scanlan Eoin , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur
Published: April 2022

This chapter, which is in two parts, focuses on the discussion of select examples of targeting supramolecular imaging agents that have been recently developed and are either luminescent or paramagnetic in their nature and can be employed for use in luminescent or magnetic resonance bio-imaging, respectively. The emphasis is to demonstrate how, often, simple supermolecules can be made highly targeting for imaging and their application is discussed.
The Role of Fundamental Coordination Chemistry in the Development of Radioimaging Agents
Authors: Bartholomae Mark , Viola-Villegas Nerissa , Workinger Jayme L. , Doyle Robert P. , Zubieta Jon
Published: April 2022

Molecular imaging is an expansive and rapidly growing field. Metallic elements such as 67Ga, 68Ga, 99mTc, 111In, 64Cu, 86Y, 89Zr are accessible radioisotopes that can be incorporated into diagnostic imaging agents for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), or positron emission tomography (PET). The role of the coordination chemistry of the metals is crucial in designing appropriate ligands for the development of new and more effective probes. This article highlights the fundamental coordination chemistries of radiometals that are currently of interest for radio-pharmaceutical design. This subtle interplay of coordination chemistry, multi-functional chelate design, and radiopharmaceutical development is illustrated through four specific examples from our own work: (1) single amino acid chelates (SAACs) for the design of labeled radioconjugates, (2) vitamin B12-based imaging agents, (3) novel PET agents based on 89Zr and (4) developments in PET imaging based on the coordination chemistries of copper and gallium.
Lanthanide Containing Systems for Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Lacerda Sara , Djanashvili Kristina , Bonnet Célia S.
Published: April 2022

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most powerful imaging tools due to its very high resolution and the possibility of imaging the whole body. Its lack of sensitivity can be compensated for by the use of a contrast agent (CA), typically Gd3+-based complexes. Since most of the commercially available Gd3+-based CAs have no specificity, research in the area of molecular imaging (i.e. biomarkers detection) has been the subject of growing interest in the past decades. This leads to the design of more powerful CAs, which should enable early detection of disease and personalised medicine. In the first part of this chapter, recent advances in the detection of endogenous triggers (pH, cations, enzymes) will be described. In the second part, we will focus on the design of targeted CAs to detect deregulated proteins or receptors. Finally, we will concentrate on theranostics, i.e. combining an imaging technique with therapy. This offers endless possibilities for monitoring treatment efficacy in real-time or in the follow-up of therapies. The combination of MRI with different therapies (chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy and radiation therapy) will be described. Rather than an exhaustive review of each topic, this chapter aims at describing the state-of-the-art of the different methods with selected examples, together with strengths and limitations of those CAs.
Carbon Nanomaterials for Imaging
Authors: Lettieri Stefania , d'Amora Marta , Giordani Silvia
Published: April 2022

Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) have emerged as platforms for biological imaging due to their low toxicity and their ability to be internalized by cells. Members of the CNMs family are fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene derivatives, nanodiamonds (NDs), carbon dots (CDs), and carbon nano-horns (CNHs). Their peculiar C–C network and nano-size dimensions confer interesting electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties on them. In this chapter, we will distinguish between CNMs that have intrinsic fluorescence, with high photo-stability and low tendency to photobleach, and those that can become fluorescent after appropriate physical and chemical treatments. We will underline their favorable characteristics, such as biocompatibility, easy synthetic procedures, low production cost, and versatile chemical functionalization, which make them ideal candidates for biotechnological applications.
Quantum Dots in Biological Imaging
Authors: Martynenko Irina V. , Purcell-Milton Finn , Gun'ko Yurii K.
Published: April 2022

In this chapter we present the main concepts and recent advances in the application of semiconductor quantum dots (QD) as agents in bioimaging. We analyze the biologically relevant properties of QDs focusing on the following topics: QD surface treatment and stability, labeling of cellular structures and receptors with QDs, incorporation of QDs in living cells, cytotoxicity of QDs and the influence of the biological environment on the biological and optical properties of QDs. Initially, we consider utilization of QDs as agents in high-resolution bioimaging techniques that can provide information at the molecular level. The diverse range of modern live-cell QD-based imaging techniques with resolution far beyond the diffraction limit of light has been examined. For each technique, we discuss the pros and cons of QD use and deliberate how QDs can be further engineered to facilitate their applications in the respective imaging techniques and to produce significant improvements in resolution. Finally, this chapter provides an analysis of the future prospects for the application of QDs in bioimaging and related areas of biology.
Using adsorption kinetics to assemble vertically aligned nanorods at liquid interfaces for metamaterial applications
Authors: Morgan S. O. , Muravitskaya A. , Lowe C. , Adawi A. M. , Bouillard J.-S. G. , Horozov T. S. , Stasiuk G. J. , Buzza D. M. A.
Published: April 2022

We use the adsorption kinetics of cylindrical nanorods at a liquid interface to assemble monolayers of vertically aligned metallic nanorods.
Role of magnetization on catalytic pathways of non-oxidative methane activation on neutral iron carbide clusters
Authors: Kumar Manish , Dar Manzoor Ahmad , Katiyar Ankita , Agrawal Ravi , Shenai Prathamesh M. , Srinivasan Varadharajan
Published: April 2022

We explore the potential of neutral iron carbide clusters as alternative catalysts for thermocatalytic methane activation. Spin-crossovers along the reaction paths reduce activation barriers and the energy of methyl radical evolution suggesting external tunability of methane activation on these catalysts.
Fabrication of ultra-bright carbon nano-onions via a one-step microwave pyrolysis of fish scale waste in seconds
Authors: Xin Yunzi , Odachi Kai , Shirai Takashi
Published: April 2022

Carbon nano-onion is synthesized via microwave pyrolysis of fish scale waste in seconds. Simultaneous surface functionalization facilitates bright visible-light emission and excellent dispersibility, enabling the fabrication of flexible film and LED.
Material design and surface chemistry for advanced rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Lee Soobeom , Choi Jinyeong , Kim Minsoo , Park Jihan , Park Minjoon , Cho Jaephil
Published: April 2022

This work reviews latest research on the bifunctional electrocatalysts for air cathodes, introducing the advanced zinc–air batteries with the full-temperature range operation, all-solid-states, and newly reported non-alkaline electrolytes.
Tuning aprotic solvent properties with long alkyl chain ionic liquid for lithium-based electrolytes
Authors: Lourenço Tuanan C. , Barros Letícia M. S. , Anchieta Chayene G. , Nepel Thayane C. M. , Júlio Júlia P. O. , Dias Luis Gustavo , Filho Rubens Maciel , Doubek Gustavo , Da Silva Juarez L. F.
Published: April 2022

Lithium–metal batteries, such as Li–O2, are some of the most promising candidates for high-performance energy storage applications, however, their performance is still limited by the electrolyte instability.
Relationship between molecular properties and degradation mechanisms of organic solar cells based on bis-adducts of phenyl-C61butyric acid methyl ester
Authors: Hou Xueyan , Clarke Andrew J. , Azzouzi Mohammed , Yan Jun , Eisner Flurin , Shi Xingyuan , Wyatt Mark F. , Dennis T. John S. , Li Zhe , Nelson Jenny
Published: April 2022

Change of the side chain position of bis-PCBM can modulate the molecular parameters and further serve as a strategy to control the stability of organic solar cells.
Lithiated interface of Pt/TiO2 enables an efficient wire-shaped Zn–Air solar micro-battery
Authors: Luo Yao , Li Panpan , Jin Zhaoyu
Published: April 2022

We report a wire-shaped bifunctional oxygen photoelectrode by integrating Li-doped TiO2 nanotubes and Pt nanoclusters.
Probing halogen bonding interactions between heptafluoro-2-iodopropane and three azabenzenes with Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory
Authors: Lambert Ethan C. , Williams Ashley E. , Fortenberry Ryan C. , Hammer Nathan I.
Published: April 2022

The formation of halogen bonded complexes between a donor, heptafluoro-2-iodopropane, and the three acceptor heterocyclic azines is investigated with Raman spectroscopy, density functional theory, and natural electron configuration analysis.
ProbioticEscherichia coliNISSLE 1917 for inflammatory bowel disease applications
Authors: Zhao Zejing , Xu Shumin , Zhang Wangyang , Wu Danjun , Yang Gensheng
Published: April 2022

ProbioticEscherichia coliNissle 1917 (EcN) with different modifications has exhibited multiple superiorities in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Charge transfer in mixed and segregated stacks of tetrathiafulvalene, tetrathianaphthalene and naphthalene diimide: a structural, spectroscopic and computational study
Authors: Leong Chanel F. , Chan Bun , Liu Tianfu , Moore Harrison S. , Hod Idan , Solomon Marcello B. , Usov Pavel M. , Hupp Joseph T. , Farha Omar , D’Alessandro Deanna M.
Published: April 2022

We report the synthesis of novel charge transfer complexes consisting of TTF or TTN, and DPNI. A spectroscopic and computational approach is taken to elucidate charge transfer in these complexes.
An orthogonal approach for the precise synthesis of phenylpropanoid sucrose esters
Authors: Ong Li Lin , Wong Pooi Wen Kathy , Deva Raj Surhabi , Khong Duc Thinh , Panda Parthasarathi , Santoso Mardi , Judeh Zaher M. A.
Published: April 2022

Phenylpropanoid sucrose esters (PSEs) are plant-derived metabolites that exist widely in medicinal plants and possess important bioactivities.
Direct C–H functionalization of tetrahydro-γ-carbolines at the α-position
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Chen Yi , Guo Mei , Sun Ge , Que Rongbin , Cui Ranran , Gao Yu , Chen Haijun
Published: April 2022

This work provides more than 50 complex compounds that are unable to be achieved by the traditional approaches.
Engineering the photocatalytic efficiency of nanoscale TiO2 anatase with doped (Nd/Y) and co-doped (Nd–Y/Nd–Sm) lanthanides to decompose the azo dye orange G under UV-VIS irradiation
Authors: Guetni Inssaf , Belaiche Mohammed , Ferdi Chouaib Ahmani , Oulhakem Oussama , Alaoui Kawtar Belrhiti , Naimi Zakaria
Published: April 2022

Nd/Y–TiO2 anatase nanopowders displayed the highest degradation of 96.34% in 105 minutes only.
In situ composite of Co-MOF on a Ti-based material for visible light multiphase catalysis: synthesis and the photocatalytic degradation mechanism
Authors: Hou Chentao , Yuan Xiaoping , Niu Miaomiao , Li Yijie , Wang Liping , Zhang Mingyuan
Published: April 2022

A Co-MOF/Ti-based Z-type heterojunction prepared by an in situ growth method exhibits good photocatalytic activity for tetracycline.
Spin reorientation transition in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB tunnel junction enabled by ultrafast laser-induced suppression of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Shelukhin Leonid A. , Gareev Rashid R. , Zbarsky Vladyslav , Walowski Jakob , Münzenberg Markus , Pertsev Nikolay A. , Kalashnikova Alexandra M.
Published: April 2022

A 170 fs laser pulse quenches perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and induces spin reorientation transition in an ultrathin electrode of a CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB MTJ due to different sensitivities of interfacial and shape anisotropies to ultrafast heating.
In situ formed N-containing copper nanoparticles: a high-performance catalyst toward carbon monoxide electroreduction to multicarbon products with high faradaic efficiency and current density
Authors: Du Huitong , Liu Li-Xia , Cai Yanming , Wang Ying , Zhang Jian-Rong , Min Qianhao , Zhu Wenlei
Published: April 2022

The in situ-derived N-containing catalyst from cuprous 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane presents remarkable ECOR performance with a high FE of 81.31% towards multi-carbon products at −0.69 V vs. RHE in 1.0 M KOH.
Halide perovskites and perovskite related materials for particle radiation detection
Authors: Liu Fangze , Wu Rong , Zeng Yicheng , Wei Jing , Li Hongbo , Manna Liberato , Mohite Aditya D.
Published: April 2022

This review overviews the fundamentals of radiation detection and summarizes the recent progress on halide perovskite detectors for particle radiation.
Mechanical force-assisted modulation of TiO2 nanowire-entangled hierarchical microstructures for photocatalysis application
Authors: Zhang Zeju , Chen Lili , Zhao Yanhui , Huang Jielei , Ding Chenfeng , Liu Chunlei , Liu Yaochun , Hong Xiaofen , Liu Yuan , Liu Chunzhao
Published: April 2022

A stirring-assisted solution-based approach was developed to construct new 3D TiO2 hierarchical structures with excellent photocatalytic performance for the degradation of organic pollutants.
Unusual semiconductor–metal–semiconductor transitions in magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Rehman Atta Ur , Atif M. , Younas M. , Rafique T. , Wahab H. , Ul-Hamid A. , Iqbal N. , Ali Z. , Khalid W. , Nadeem M.
Published: April 2022

Herein, we report the existence of a novel semiconductor–metal–semiconductor type transition in Fe3O4 nanoparticles by employing impedance spectroscopy techniques.
Grafting of thermotropic fluorinated mesogens on polysiloxane to improve the processability of linear low-density polyethylene
Authors: Wu Wenqing , Li Pan , Wang Xiaohang , Zhang Baoyan
Published: April 2022

A series of polysiloxane grafted with thermotropic fluorinated mesogens (TSCPFLCP) is designed and synthesized, which effectively improves the processability and toughness of LLDPE.
Preparation of quinazolinones using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles
Authors: Safaei-Ghomi Javad , Abdulhameed Yasir Waleed , Alisavari Zianos , Hamah Ameen Baram Ahmed , Ebrahimi Seyyed Mohammad
Published: April 2022

Synthesis of quinazolinones using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles.
Polyoxometalate steric hindrance driven chirality-selective separation of subnanometer carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yang Xusheng , Zhu Chao , Zeng Lianduan , Xue Weiyang , Zhang Luyao , Zhang Lei , Zhao Kaitong , Lyu Min , Wang Lei , Zhang Yuan-Zhu , Wang Xiao , Li Yan , Yang Feng
Published: April 2022

We develop a cluster steric hindrance strategy by assembling polyoxometalates on subnanometer single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and demonstrate the selective separation of single-chirality (6,5) SWCNTsviapolymer extraction.
Inverting glucuronidation of hymecromone in situ by catalytic nanocompartments
Authors: Korpidou Maria , Maffeis Viviana , Dinu Ionel Adrian , Schoenenberger Cora-Ann , Meier Wolfgang P. , Palivan Cornelia G.
Published: April 2022

Catalytic nanocompartments inverting the metabolite of hymecromone to the active drug inside cells.
Influences of viscosity on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells with controlled morphology
Authors: Zheng Jing , Wang Yongtao , Kawazoe Naoki , Yang Yingnan , Chen Guoping
Published: April 2022

The influences of viscosities of culture media on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells are investigated by controlling cell morphology with micropatterned surfaces.
Engineering dual charge transfer material modified ZnxCd1−xS towards highly effective photocatalytic pure water splitting
Authors: Xu Meiling , Gao Chaomin , Yao Shan , Sun Shubo , Zhang Lina , Li Kui , Cheng Xin
Published: April 2022

The MOF-derived Co@NC and Co–Pi as charge transfer materials for Zn0.5Cd0.5S are prepared to achieve directional modulation separation of charge carrier where Co@NC and Co–Pi capture electrons and holes, respectively, realizing pure water splitting.
Tannery solid waste-derived cross-scale deformable piezoresistive sensors for monitoring human body motions
Authors: Wei Yingjie , Hao Baicun , Wang Yanan , Wang Yujia , Xiao Hanzhong , Li Li , Huang Xin , Shi Bi
Published: April 2022

Cross-scale deformable piezoresistive sensors with a pillar-supported directional multi-layer structure were prepared by using tannery solid wastes, which were highly efficient for monitoring human body motions.
Ultrastretchable, self-healable and adhesive composite organohydrogels with a fast response for human–machine interface applications
Authors: Xie Zhihui , Chen Zhuo , Hu Xiangshu , Mi Hao-Yang , Zou Jian , Li Heng , Liu Yuejun , Zhang Zhi , Shang Yinghui , Jing Xin
Published: April 2022

The properties and applications of the PDA-rGO/PEDOT:PSS/PAM composite organohydrogel.
Combined dynamo of gravitational and magneto-rotational instability in irradiated accretion discs
Authors: Löhnert L. , Peeters A. G.
Published: April 2022

Aims. We aim to assess whether magneto-rotational instability (MRI) can exist in a turbulent state generated by gravitational instability (GI). We investigated the magnetic field saturation and elucidated the ability of GI turbulence to act as a dynamo.

Methods. The results were obtained by numerical simulations using the magnetohydrodynamics code Athena. A sub-routine to solve the Poisson equation for self-gravity using three-dimensional Fourier transforms was implemented for that purpose. A GI-turbulent state was then restarted, with a zero-net-flux type magnetic seed field being introduced. The seed field was chosen with β ≈ 1010 to make sure that the magnetic field of the stationary state is exclusively generated by the dynamo.

Results. Shortly after introducing the magnetic seed field, a significant field amplification is observed, despite MRI not being active. This shows that GI acts as a kinematic dynamo. The growing magnetic field allows MRI to become active, which leads to the emergence of a butterfly diagram. The turbulent stress of the saturated state is found to be consistent with the superposition of GI stresses and MRI stresses. Moreover, the ratio of magnetic stress to magnetic pressure is found to lie in the 0.3−0.4 range, which is typical for MRI turbulence. Furthermore, it is found that the magnetic energy significantly decreases if self-gravity is turned off. This indicates, in accordance with the initial field amplification, that GI provides the dominant dynamo contribution and that MRI is not simply added but rather grows on the magnetic field provided by GI turbulence. Finally, it is shown that the combined GI-MRI-dynamo is consistent with an α − Ω model and that the observed oscillation frequency of the butterfly diagram roughly agrees with the model prediction.
Maternités en exil : vers des nouveaux dispositifs pour tenir une écoute psychanalytique
Authors: Boissière Anaïs , Perrusi Monica
Published: April 2022

À l’Unité de psychopathologie Périnatale, située au sein de la Maternité de l’hôpital Delafontaine à Saint Denis, nous accueillons de nombreuses femmes enceintes marquées par un parcours de vie douloureux, fait d’exil, de traumatisme, de précarité, d’isolement… Des femmes qui ont dû quitter leur famille, parfois laisser leurs enfants, leur patrie, leur culture, du jour au lendemain, dans une forme d’urgence sans s’apercevoir du basculement psychique dont elles font parfois l’objet dans l’après coup.

Confrontés à ces effets du réel des traumatismes, de l’urgence des besoins primaires face à une précarité extrême de ces femmes, quel travail pluridisciplinaire mettre en place pour accompagner les réalités psycho-sociales de ces femmes ? Comment maintenir une écoute neutre ? Comment créer et accorder une place à ce bébé en devenir quand le psychisme de la mère est surchargé par les problématiques sociales ?

Nous partons de l’idée que la mise en mots du récit et le travail d’écoute ouvre une possibilité à ces femmes de se repositionner en tant que sujet de leur histoire. Cette offre d’écoute permettrait ainsi de reconstruire une narrativité autour de ces vécus.

Au travers d’un cas et des vignettes cliniques, nous déploierons nos réflexions sur ces problématiques et l’impact qu’elles ont eu sur nos modalités d’accompagnement envers ces familles en souffrance.
Notes cliniques en temps de pandémie, VII
Authors: Janody Patricia
Published: April 2022

Les « Notes cliniques en temps de pandémie, VII » (mars-avril 2021) rendent compte d’un moment de théâtre dans un lieu psychiatrique, au moment même où les théâtres urbains sont fermés. À la clinique de ** l’atelier théâtre se jouera sans public en raison de la pandémie, hormis deux collègues en psy qui sont venus; mais un jeu aura lieu à l’attention du public absenté. Un pari est fait sur la fonction de scène faisant contrepoint à l’enfermement de la folie. L’auteure tissant la scène du théâtre à celle d’un de ses rêves ouvre sur plusieurs dimensions de l’histoire et sur une pluralité de lieux. Revenir alors à la clinique et à ses dispositifs qui invitent à rejouer différentes dimensions de l’espace, différentes scènes, différents potentiels de construction.
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Validation: Quantitative Analysis of Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids Reveals Chemotypes of Plants and Products
Authors: Manwill Preston K. , Flores-Bocanegra Laura , Khin Manead , Raja Huzefa A. , Cech Nadja B. , Oberlies Nicholas H. , Todd Daniel A.
Published: April 2022

Many consumers are turning to kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) to self-manage pain and opioid addiction. In the United States, an array of capsules, powders, and loose-leaf kratom
products are readily available. Additionally, several online sites supply live kratom plants. A prerequisite to establishing quality control and quality assurance standards for the kratom
industry, or understanding how alkaloid levels effect clinical outcomes, is the identification and quantitation of major and minor alkaloid constituents within available products and
preparations. To this end, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method was developed for the analysis of 8 indole alkaloids
(7-hydroxymitragynine, ajmalicine, paynantheine, mitragynine, speciogynine, isopaynantheine, speciociliatine, and mitraciliatine) and 6 oxindole alkaloids (isomitraphylline,
isospeciofoleine, speciofoline, corynoxine A, corynoxeine, and rhynchophylline) in US-grown kratom plants and commercial products. These commercial products shared a qualitatively similar
alkaloid profile, with 12 – 13 detected alkaloids and high levels of the indole alkaloid mitragynine (13.9 ± 1.1 – 270 ± 24 mg/g). The levels of the other major alkaloids (paynantheine,
speciociliatine, speciogynine, mitraciliatine, and isopaynantheine) and the minor alkaloids varied in concentration from product to product. The alkaloid profile of US-grown
M. speciosa “Rifat” showed high levels of the indole alkaloid speciogynine (7.94 ± 0.83 – 11.55 ± 0.18 mg/g) and quantifiable levels of isomitraphylline
(0.943 ± 0.033 – 1.47 ± 0.18 mg/g). Notably, the alkaloid profile of a US-grown M. speciosa seedling was comparable to the commercial products with a high level of mitragynine
(15.01 ± 0.20 mg/g). This work suggests that there are several M. speciosa chemotypes.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Benzimidazoles ­Bearing a C–N axis via Pd-Catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig ­Amination
Authors: Feng Jia , Liu Ren-rong , Zhang Peng
Published: April 2022

Benzimidazole atropisomers bearing a C–N axis are privileged structural frameworks in pharmaceutical and natural products, thus appealing an increasing interest for its asymmetric synthesis. Here, we briefly discuss recent advances in the asymmetric synthesis of benzimidazole atropisomers with a C–N axis, with particular attention to our recently developed palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Buchwald–Hartwig amination strategy.
Movement Velocity as a Determinant of Actual Intensity in Resistance
Exercise
Authors: García Juan Manuel Yáñez , Mora-Custodio Ricardo , Ribas-Serna Juan , González-Badillo Juan José , Rodríguez-Rosell David
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to analyze the acute mechanical, metabolic and EMG response to
five resistance exercise protocols (REP) in the full squat (SQ) exercise
performed with two velocity conditions: maximal intended velocity (MaxV) vs.
half-maximal velocity (HalfV). Eleven resistance-trained men performed 10 REP (5
with each velocity conditions) in random order (72–96 h apart).
The REP consisted of three sets of 8–3 repetitions against
45–65% 1RM. The percent change in countermovement jump (CMJ)
height, velocity attained with the load that elicited a
~1.00 m·s−1 (V1-load), surface
EMG variables and blood lactate concentration were assessed pre- vs.
post-exercise protocols. MaxV resulted in greater percent changes (Δ:
12–25%) and intra-condition effect sizes (ES: 0.76–4.84)
in loss of V1-load and CMJ height compared to HalfV (Δ:
10–16%; ES: 0.65–3.90) following all REP. In addition,
MaxV showed higher post-exercise lactate concentration than HalfV (ES:
0.46–0.83; p<0.05). For EMG variables, only the Dimitrov index
resulted in relevant changes after each REP, with MaxV showing greater magnitude
of changes (23–38%) than HalfV (12–25%) across
all REP. These results suggest that voluntary movement velocity is a key aspect
to consider since it clearly determines the overall training intensity during
resistance exercise.
Assessment of Fatigue and Recovery in Sport: Narrative
Review
Authors: Bestwick-Stevenson Thomas , Toone Rebecca , Neupert Emma , Edwards Kimberley , Kluzek Stefan
Published: April 2022

Fatigue is a phenomenon associated with decreases in both physical and cognitive
performances and increases in injury occurrence. Competitive athletes are
required to complete demanding training programs with high workloads to elicit
the physiological and musculoskeletal adaptations plus skill acquisition
necessary for performance. High workloads, especially sudden rapid increases in
training loads, are associated with the occurrence of fatigue. At present, there
is limited evidence elucidating the underlying mechanisms associating the
fatigue generated by higher workloads and with an increase in injury risk. The
multidimensional nature and manifestation of fatigue have led to differing
definitions and dichotomies of the term. Consequently, a plethora of
physiological, biochemical, psychological and performance markers have been
proposed to measure fatigue and recovery. Those include self-reported scales,
countermovement jump performance, heart rate variability, and saliva and serum
biomarker analyses. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of
fatigue and recovery plus methods of assessments.
Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors toward Artificial Intelligence Applications
Authors: Lu Chao , Chen Xi
Published: April 2022

Flexible piezoionic strain sensors are playing an important role in the field of smart electronic and artificial intelligence. The high sensitivity and superior flexibility make it possible to detect various strain and stress from macro- to microscale precisely. Here, recent progress on flexible piezoionic strain sensors has been summarized into several sections, including sensing mechanism, material engineering, and smart applications. In each section, we present typical scientific works and discuss corresponding critical results. This Account aims to provide broad views for researchers with different academic backgrounds, and then promotes the development of flexible piezoionic strain sensors. Finally, existing challenges and opportunities have been presented to expedite further research works and practical applications of flexible piezoionic strain sensors.

1 Introduction

2 Sensing Mechanism of Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors

3 Material Engineering for Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors

3.1 Electrolyte Materials for Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors

3.2 Electrode Materials for Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors

4 Smart Applications of Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors toward Artificial Intelligence

5 Conclusion and Perspective
Translation and Validation of COST - FACIT (Version 2) Questionnaire into Hindi and Marathi to Assess Financial Toxicity in Indian Cancer Patients
Authors: Joshi Amit , Kalra Devanshi , Menon Nandini , Gadgil Durga , Pashilkar Siddhi , Mokal Smruti , Prabhash Kumar , Noronha Vanita
Published: April 2022

Background Cancer is one of the most expensive and exhaustive medical conditions with a huge impact on the financial condition of the patient and their family members. A lot of advancements have led to improvement in the survival of the patients but at a raised cost. Comprehensive Score for financial Toxicity - Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (COST - FACIT Version 2) is one such validated and widely used tool. Assessing the financial burden in our country is still far more challenging as COST - FACIT is available in the English language but not in any regional language. Hence, we decided to validate this tool in Hindi and Marathi languages.

Material and Methods A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Uro-Oncology at the Tata Memorial Hospital. The original version of the COST - FACIT (Version 2) was translated from English into Hindi and Marathi languages, following the FACIT translation method and tested for content validity that included two forward translations, followed by reconciliation and a backward translation. The questionnaires were then approved by the FACIT team, and pilot testing was done for 20 patients (10 for each Hindi and Marathi language). Each of these 20 patients, after filling up the questionnaire themselves, was interviewed for any difficulty encountered during answering the questionnaire. Based on the suggestions or interpretations of this pilot testing, the necessary changes were incorporated in the final Hindi and Marathi questionnaires.

Results A total of 20 patients (10 each for Hindi and Marathi) were included for pilot testing of the questionnaire. The median age of the entire cohort was 61 years (27–79). The questionnaires showed good content and face validity and demonstrated a high internal consistency (Cronbach's α: 0.85 for Hindi, 0.89 for Marathi).

Conclusion The questionnaire COST - FACIT (Version 2) has been approved and validated in Hindi and Marathi languages by the FACIT team for use in clinical practice and studies.