bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Water Resources under the Influence of Coal Mining: A Case Study of Yangquan Basin, China
Authors: Xu Zheyi , Li Jiahong , Hao Sijia , Wen Lei , Ma Qiang , Liu Changjun , Shen Wei
Published: August 2023

The activities of coal mining often lead to the formation of underlying runoff areas and have great impacts on both the basin hydrological cycle and water resource management. In order to investigate the changes in the hydrological processes of the coal goaf catchment, this paper analyzes and explores the coal mining influences on the hydrological processes in a small watershed in the Yangquan Basin of China. To disentangle the mining process, a distributed hydrological model, which highlighted the integration of sub-hydrological processes, was developed and implemented in the study area. The calibration and validation results indicated that the developed model simulated streamflow well. This was indicated by the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NS) and the Coefficient of Correlation (r2) for monthly runoff. The model was first calibrated in the period of 1990–2004 and then validated in the period of 2005–2018. Different scenarios were simulated and cross-compared in order to study the mining effects; the rainfall and runoff of each hydrological station are positively correlated in 2009–2018, and the scenario of change in mining area is negatively correlated with runoff in 2009–2018. The contribution of the changing input variables (rainfall and coal mining area) to the runoff of the Yangquan Basin was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively; the impact contribution rates of mining activities are 85.96% and 39.34% during the mining and recovery periods in Yangquan station, respectively. The hydrological simulations provided a better understanding of runoff changes in the Yangquan Basin. The analysis results indicate that the hydrologic response to the mining process in Yangquan Basin is changing, and it thus draws attention to other mining places over the world. Methods used in this study can be applied in other regions to orientate the policy-making process.
Application of a Linked Hydrodynamic–Groundwater Model for Accurate Groundwater Simulation in Floodplain Areas: A Case Study of Irtysh River, China
Authors: Liu Yin , Jiang Yunzhong , Zhang Shuanghu , Wang Dan , Chen Huan
Published: August 2023

The rich biodiversity in the floodplain area is influenced by both floodplain floods and groundwater (GW). To protect the ecological environment in the floodplain area, it is essential to study the interaction between floodplain floods and GW. The objective of this paper is to propose a coupling strategy between a hydrodynamic model and a GW model to provide an accurate simulation tool for quantifying the interaction between floodplain floods and GW. The case study is conducted in the floodplain area of the middle reaches of the Irtysh River in northwest China. Firstly, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model based on TELEMAC-2D is constructed to accurately simulate floodplain floods under wetting and drying conditions. Secondly, a GW model based on MODFLOW is developed. Finally, a coupling strategy is proposed to achieve accurate and efficient integration between the hydrodynamic model and the GW model. The calibration and verification results of the model demonstrate high accuracy, with root mean squared error (RMSE) values of 0.51 m and 0.77 m between observed and calculated GW levels for the hydrodynamic–GW coupled model. The water balance results indicate that floodplain floods serve as the largest GW recharge source in the study area, while phreatic evaporation is the primary GW discharge item. This paper represents a novel attempt to couple a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model with a GW model. The research results provide a scientific tool for the ecological restoration of floodplain areas considering both surface water and GW, as well as the comprehensive management and regulation of wetland water resources and the water environment.
Water Resources Carrying Capacity Based on the DPSIRM Framework: Empirical Evidence from Shiyan City, China
Authors: Cheng Wenming , Zhu Jing , Zeng Xiaochun , You Yuan , Li Xuetao , Wu Jun
Published: August 2023

In this article, we construct an evaluation index system based on the DPSIRM framework to determine the water resources carrying capacity of Shiyan City. Then, we use an obstacle model to calculate and analyze the factors that constrain the improvement in the water resources carrying capacity in the city. The research results are as follows: (1) The water resources carrying capacity of Shiyan City was on the rise during 2011–2021, and the water resources carrying capacity of Shiyan City was continuously improved. (2) The management system is the primary obstacle subsystem, followed by the driving force system, the response system, the pressure system, the state system, and the influence system. (3) Among the specific factors, the top three obstacles are sewage treatment investment, the proportion of guaranteed harvest area in drought and flood, and the average annual fertilizer applied per unit of cultivated land. These primary factors restrict Shiyan City from improving its water resources carrying capacity. This study has important practical significance for understanding the resilience of the water system in Shiyan City; exploring the changes in the water resources carrying capacity and its obstacle factors; and guiding the development, utilization, and management of water resources in Shiyan City.
Novel Water Pricing Model for Water Network Projects: A Case Study of Jiaodong Water Diversion Project in China
Authors: Huang Xin , Liu Changshun , Niu Geng , Zhang Chunling , Li Yang
Published: August 2023

The uneven distribution of water resources in time and space restricts the development of society, which is a universal problem facing the world. To improve the ability to regulate water resources in water diversion projects and alleviate the contradiction between water resources and social development, China has decided to build water network projects (WNPs). A WNP is an integrated water supply system that includes multiple water sources and network water supply lines and integrates the functions of water supply, water delivery, and optimal allocation of water resources into a system that can supply water to many users. An appropriate water pricing mechanism is the key to ensuring the sustainable operation of water network projects. This paper presents a comprehensive water pricing model (WPM) for WNPs. The purpose of this model is to unify the water price measurement standard of WNPs and lay the foundation for water price marketization in the future. By applying the model to the Jiaodong WNP, it is found that the model is expected to improve the unbalanced use of water sources and the large difference in prices at water supply points (WSPs) in the project. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for water pricing reform but also has great potential to improve the efficiency of water resource use.
Two-Way FDI Synergy and Water Environmental Management Efficiency—An Empirical Study on the Mediating Effect of Heterogeneous Technological Innovation
Authors: Ma Jun , Yang Yehan , Mou Hanshu
Published: August 2023

In the context of China’s synergistic development of import and export strategies and water environmental protection, this paper analyzes the role of two-way FDI synergistic development in water environmental governance efficiency based on panel data of 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2004 to 2021. The paper uses a fixed effect model and analyzes the role of heterogeneous technological innovation using the mediation effect model and the panel threshold model. The results of the study show the following: (1) overall, two-way FDI synergistic development helps to improve China’s water environmental governance efficiency; (2) there is regional heterogeneity in the effect of two-way FDI synergistic development on China’s water environmental governance efficiency, with a significant positive effect in areas along the coast and with high FDI synergistic development levels and an inhibitory effect in inland areas; and (3) the two-way FDI synergy enhances the efficiency of China’s water environmental governance by improving the levels of independent innovation and imitation innovation.
Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in Future Cities: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Silva Jorge Alejandro
Published: August 2023

Due to climate emergencies, water stress, and fast-growing populations, many cities around the world are adopting wastewater reclamation and reuse to improve the water supply for their residents. The purpose of the paper was to investigate the effectiveness of expanding wastewater reclamation and reuse as a solution to water supply challenges for future cities. It used a systematic review of the literature to evaluate and synthesize the available evidence in support of wastewater reclamation and reuse for future cities. A model known as PRISMA was used to identify the most appropriate articles for inclusion in the study. Out of the 105 studies, a total of 46 articles were selected for analysis based on their relevance, content validity, and strength of evidence. The findings indicate that wastewater reclamation and reuse create additional sources of water for both domestic and industrial use, reducing the overall pressure on the natural water sources. Wastewater reclamation and reuse effectively increase water supply for future cities while minimizing pressure on natural resources and promoting environmental sustainability.
Value of Spatially Distributed Rainfall Design Events—Creating Basin-Scale Stochastic Design Storm Ensembles
Authors: Lindgren Ville , Niemi Tero , Koivusalo Harri , Kokkonen Teemu
Published: August 2023

Current design storms used in hydrological modeling, urban planning, and dimensioning of structures are typically point-scale rainfall events with a steady rainfall intensity or a simple temporal intensity pattern. This can lead to oversimplified results because real rainfall events have more complex patterns than simple design series. In addition, the interest of hydrologists is usually in areal estimates rather than point values, most commonly in river-basin-wide areal mean rainfall estimates. By utilizing weather radar data and the short-term ensemble prediction system pySTEPS, which has so far been used for precipitation nowcasting, ensembles of high-resolution stochastic design storms with desired statistical properties and spatial structure evolving in time are generated. pySTEPS is complemented by adding time-series models for areal average rainfall over the simulation domain and field advection vectors. The selected study area is the Kokemäenjoki river basin located in Western Finland, and the model parametrization is carried out utilizing the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s weather radar data from the years 2013 to 2016. The results demonstrate how simulated events with similar large-scale mean areal rainfall can produce drastically different total event rainfalls in smaller scales. The sampling method, areal vs. gauge estimate, is also shown to have a prominent effect on total event rainfall across different spatial scales. The outlined method paves the way towards a more thorough and wide-spread assessment of the hydrological impacts of spatiotemporal rainfall characteristics.
Impact of Hydraulic Variable Conditions in the Solution of Pumping Station Design through Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Briceño-León Christian X. , Iglesias-Rey Pedro L. , Martinez-Solano F. Javier , Creaco Enrico
Published: August 2023

A proper pumping station (PS) design should consider multiple criteria, such as technical, economic, and environmental aspects. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method can be applied for multi-criteria analysis in this type of engineering design, and it is based on the judgment of a group of experts for the criteria considered. On the other hand, the most common method for PS design is one based solely on economic aspects or life cycle cost (LCC). This paper presents a sensitivity analysis of the impact of the hydraulic conditions of a water distribution network (WDN) on the ultimate solution in two PS design approaches. The first approach was the classic method based on LCC minimization and the second approach was based on multi-criteria analysis by means of AHP accounting for technical, economic, and environmental aspects. In this way, the effects of different meaningful variables for PS design, such as the mean demand, parameters of the setpoint curve, electric tariffs, and interest rates, were evaluated to determine the robustness of the PS solutions obtained. The obtained results of the sensitivity analysis in the case study demonstrated that the PS design based on multiple criteria decision analysis was more reliable and robust than the classic PS design against variations that can occur in a WDN, especially in the mean flow, setpoint curve, and electric tariff. The variations in these parameters of the WDN did not impact the ultimate solutions of the PS design approaches when within the tolerance ranges, but these ranges were wider in the second approach to PS design than in the first approach.
Interprovincial Virtual Water-Energy Flow and Its Network Structure Resilience in Yangtze River Economic Belt
Authors: Yang Yafeng , Zhou Xiaoxiao , Zhang Ru , Xu Jijun , Wang Hongrui
Published: August 2023

Water and energy are essential resources that flow between different regions in economic activities, forming a complex network that profoundly impacts sustainable development. Revealing network structural resilience allows for the identification of weak links, thus enhancing the capacity for sustainable development. This study employs a resilience-based method to examine changes in virtual water-energy transfers, combining input–output tables and total resource consumption coefficients (TRCC) to investigate the structural resilience of the virtual water-energy network. Case studies were conducted in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) in 2012 and 2017. The results show that the virtual water flow rate decreased by 28.66%, while that of virtual energy increased by 4.88% in YEB. The virtual energy network’s structural resilience is better than that of the virtual water network and shows significant improvement in later periods. The virtual water network structure has a clear hierarchical structure, while the virtual energy network structure is relatively flat. The transmission and connectivity of the two networks do not differ significantly, but the virtual energy network’s transmission is superior to that of the virtual water network. There is a significant improvement in the virtual energy network’s agglomeration in the later stages, while there is no significant change in the virtual water contact network.
Investigation of Water Dynamics Nearby Hydroelectric Power Plant of the Gorky Reservoir on Water Environment: Case Study of 2022
Authors: Molkov Aleksandr , Kapustin Ivan , Grechushnikova Maria , Dobrokhotova Daria , Leshchev George , Vodeneeva Ekaterina , Sharagina Ekaterina , Kolesnikov Anton
Published: August 2023

Regulated water bodies like lakes and reservoirs are increasingly becoming an object of attention due to the problems of greenhouse gas emissions, regional ecology, and the necessity to ensure safe environmental management. However, for some local tasks, it is important to assess the contribution of a hydroelectric power plant (HPP) to various parameters of the nearest water environment, for example, mortality of zooplankton, transfer of suspended matter and phytoplankton, formation of secondary deposits, methane emissions, spatial features of stratification, etc. An example of such studies is the present paper. It is based on unique data of complex measurements of hydrophysical, hydrooptical, hydrobiological, and hydrochemical water parameters, as well as methane fluxes, that were collected at the Gorky Reservoir nearby a HPP in the spring, summer, and autumn of 2022. Preliminary correlations between these parameters were obtained. The results are useful for the correct interpretation of satellite images of inland waters, quantitative description of HPPs’ influence on the water environment, knowledge of the main patterns of transformation of aquatic organism communities under conditions of runoff regulation, determination of water quality by hydrobiological parameters, development of mechanisms for improving the ecological state of water bodies, and accounting spatial heterogeneity of methane flows from the surface of the reservoir.
Review on the Use of Magnetic Nanoparticles in the Detection of Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Zhang Kai , Song Xinlong , Liu Meng , Chen Menghua , Li Jie , Han Jinglong
Published: August 2023

Magnetic nanomaterials (MNPs) have been widely used in the detection of pollutants in the environment because of their excellent nano effect and magnetic properties. These intrinsic properties of MNPs have diversified their application in environmental contaminant detection. In this paper, the research status quo of the use of MNPs in detecting organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater and soil is reviewed. The preparation method and modification technology of magnetic nanoparticles are also described in detail. The application prospect of magnetic nanoparticle composites in the detection of contaminants in water and soil is discussed. Compared with traditional detection methods, MNPs are more accurate and efficient in pollutant enrichment. Moreover, the biological synthesis of MNPs was proven to be eco-friendly and aided in sustainable development. The study shows that MNPs have good application prospects in soil pollution detection, but the mechanism still needs to be investigated to realize their popularization and application.
Features of clinical manifestations in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors:   DSMU, city of Makhachkala, Esedov E. M. , Akhmedova F. D. ,   DSMU, city of Makhachkala, Akbieva D. S. ,   DSMU, city of Makhachkala, Muradova V. R. ,   DSMU, city of Makhachkala, Abasova A. S. ,   DSMU, city of Makhachkala
Published: August 2023

The article presents a brief overview of modern ideas about granulomatosis with polyangiitis and the results of our own observations of patients with this rare pathology. The recommendations for early detection and timely treatment are given.
BREEDING VALUE OF HOLSTEIN BULLS IN FARMS OF THE MOSCOW REGION
Authors: ПОПОВ Н.А.
Published: August 2023

В племенных хозяйствах проведено сравнение групп дочерей-первотелок отдельных быков-производителей с матерями и сверстницами по признакам молочной продуктивности. По результатам анализа показателей потомства предложены быки-производители в группу «отцов-быков» для поддержания генеалогической структуры разводимых линий и закладки новых родственных групп в российской популяции крупного рогатого скота голштинской породы. Отмечались многочисленные повторения улучшающего влияния на качество потомства в нескольких поколениях (за 10—15 лет) у ранее имеющих оценки быков-производителей. По 35 группам дочерей (полусибсам) фактические векторы признаков официальной оценки совпадали по удою на 77,1%, по массовой доле жира — на 65,7% и по массовой доле белка — на 60,0%, что может служить основанием ускоренного использования запаса их семени в популяции породы. Рекомендовано направленно вести подбор к маткам стада молодых проверяемых быков, для которых рассчитаны предварительные индексы генетической ценности (Б), а также учитывать изменчивость среди дочерей по приоритетным признакам селекции, их отклонение от средних значений матерей.

In breeding farms, groups of first-heifer daughters of individual breeding bulls were compared with mothers and peers on the basis of milk productivity. According to the results of the analysis of offspring indicators, breeding bulls are proposed in the group of "bull fathers" to maintain the genealogical structure of the bred lines and to establish new related groups in the Russian population of Holstein cattle. There were numerous repetitions of the improving effect on the quality of offspring in several generations (over 10-15 years) in previously rated bulls-producers. For 35 groups of daughters (half-siblings), the actual vectors of the signs of the official assessment coincided in milk yield by 77.1%, in the mass fraction of fat — by 65.7% and in the mass fraction of protein — by 60.0%, which can serve as the basis for accelerated use of their seed stock in the breed population. It is recommended to purposefully select a herd of young tested bulls to the uterus, for which preliminary indices of genetic value (B) are calculated, as well as to take into account the variability among daughters according to priority selection criteria, their deviation from the average values of mothers.
Síndrome visual informático en escolares peruanos durante la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Mamani Gilberto Luis , Luis-Velasquez Paola del Pilar , Inciso-Mendo Edgar Salvador , Mendez-Vergaray Juan , Flores Edward
Published: August 2023

El SVI como problema de salud, también puede tener un impacto económico significativo y sus consecuencias perjudiciales pueden continuar incluso cuando la pandemia haya terminado. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia y causas relacionadas del síndrome visual informático (SVI) entre los estudiantes de 12 a 17 años, durante la COVID-19. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó una investigación de tipo transversal, observacional, analítica y cuantitativa, la población estuvo constituida por 345 estudiantes de educación secundaria, se aplicó una encuesta a través de GoogleForms usando como instrumento, el cuestionario de Computer Vision Sympton Scale (CVSS17). Resultados. Se evidenció que los participantes padecen del síndrome visual informático (SVI) entre un nivel leve a muy severo (67%), la mayoría de los participantes presentan mayor uso de dispositivos digitales por día de 4-6 horas. Sintomatología de fotofobia a pantalla 73,3%, dolor de ojos 69,9% y ardor de ojos 66,4%. No evidencia enfermedades visuales 77.7%; algunos casos eventuales de miopía, astigmatismo, hipermetropía y anisometropía, por lo cual, se concluye que los participantes padecen del síndrome visual informático entre un nivel leve a muy severo (67%). Conclusiones. Se sugiere solicitar un diagnóstico completo que permita tener una información real del daño ocasionado por el SVI.
Les forêts péri-urbaines, milieu de loisir : le cas de la région parisienne à l'époque moderne et contemporaine
Authors: Maroteaux Vincent
Published: August 2023

Comme espaces de loisir, les forêts de la région parisienne ont connu deux types d'usages.

Ces forêts ont d'abord été le lieu des chasses royales et des promenades de la Cour et du Roi. Après le Second Empire seulement, les chasses officielles se sont réduites et la chasse a pu s'exercer par le biais de locations, avant bien souvent de devenir totalement marginale.

A partir de ce moment en effet, le rapport de la ville à la forêt a changé. Celle-ci a tendu à devenir un espace de tourisme et de détente pour les citadins, alors que la ville ne cessait de croître.

Ces usages ont entraîné des aménagements particuliers de la forêt. Pour la chasse à courre et les promenades du Roi, les forêts sont percées d'un très important réseau de routes en étoiles. La chasse intervient aussi dans les choix d'exploitation. Sous la Restauration, on aménage des tirés spéciaux pour le petit gibier, comme il en subsiste à Marly.

La transformation des forêts péri-urbaines en espaces de récréation citadine entraîne de nouvelles mutations de l'espace forestier. Des réserves «artistiques» sont créées, où l'on exploite seulement les arbres morts, un effort est fait pour diminuer l'impact des coupes, la futaie est étendue (et on s'oriente même actuellement vers une conversion systématique). Cette recherche d'agrément se retrouve dans le recours à des essences ornementales. On aménage aussi aires de jeux, parkings, etc. La forêt péri-urbaine évolue vers le parc, à l'image de ce qui s'est passé dès le siècle dernier pour le Bois de Boulogne.

Se trouve ainsi résolue la question «production ou agrément ?», posée dès l'Ancien Régime. A cette époque, comme au XIXe siècle, cependant, les forêts de la région parisienne, du moins les forêts domaniales, ont toujours été productives et d'un bon rapport à l'exploitation. C'est seulement à la suite des instructions ministérielles de 1964 que le rôle récréatif des forêts de l'Ile-de-France à commencé à l'emporter sur leur fonction productive.
Une ville et sa forêt : Auxonne (Côte d'Or), 1669-1900
Authors: Brosselin Arlette
Published: August 2023

Mentionnée pour la première fois dans une sentence du bailli du Dijonnais en faveur des habitants d'Auxonne en date de 1298, la forêt des Crochères couvre plus de 2.600 arpents dès l'époque moderne. Si sa surface totale varie peu, son état se modifie profondément : un procès verbal (le premier en bonne et dûe forme dont nous disposions) de 1740 précise que la forêt exige un recépage complet, sauf dans un canton de 47 arpents «moins endommagé, dégradé et déshonoré»...

Au début du XXe siècle, il s'agit d'un beau taillis sous futaie totalement productif.

Quel fut le rôle dans cette évolution des administrations forestières et municipales successives ? Quel fut celui des besoins pesant sur la forêt ? Besoins habituels des riverains, mais aussi besoins particuliers d'une ville-frontière entre Bourgogne et Comté, restée place-forte tout au long du XIXe siècle.
Quelques rapports symboliques entre la ville et la forêt
Authors: de Viviès Bertrand
Published: August 2023

La vertiente norte de la Montaña Negra consta de grandes bosques. Para los ciudadanos del piemonte, estos bosques representaron durante mucho tiempo lugares mágios de donde surgían personajes o animales susceptibles de ejercer una influencia benefica o maléfica, sejún los casos.

Así es como se percibe el bosque : conservatorio de las fuerzas vivas, brutales o profilácticas. Se presenta como un espacio virgen y purificador, opuesto a las ciudades generadoras de miasmas y de enfermedades.

La sociedad mítica de los bosques (duendes, trasgos) posee como el universo ciudadano, una jerarquía, pero no se ve sometida a ninguna de las obligaciones materiales que pesan sobre los hombres. Esta libertad evoca la edad de oro primitiva.

Entre ciudad y bosque se inscribe un espacio indeciso en el que caben seres híbridos, mensajeros de la naturaleza para la gente de la ciudad, incapaz en lo sucesivo de penetrar los secretos de los espacios vírgenes.

Las fundaciones medievales en el bosque se realizan mediante una señal que manifiesta que el lugar escogido resulta puro y protegido, porque la naturaleza siempre suscita la aprensión de los hombres venidos de los espacios domésticos «cultivados».

La gente se proteje del bosque con la implantación de cruces y con conjuros rituales. Ambos delimitan recintos simbólicos en los que se neutralizan los poderes del mal.

En Castelnau de Montmirail, a las fuerzas malignas del bosque se le opone un bosque sagrado, el de la Cruz. Además, la linde del bosque de Gresigne está jalonada con lugares de culto cuya función es la de contener a los seres maléficos. Esta frontera posee virtudes positivas : las mujeres vienen a buscar la fecundidad. Un personaje como Jean de l'Ours, extrañamente resucitado en la Montaña Negra bajo la forma de Simon de Monfort, ilustra maravillosamente la ambivalencia de las relaciones simbólicas entre la ciudad y el bosque.
Difficultés d'approvisionnement en grand bois et innovation technique dans la charpente française des Temps Modernes
Authors: Pérouse de Montclos Jean-Marie
Published: August 2023

The lack of large wood stimulated technical innovations in the timber domaine. The long 16th C and up to about 1640 was a period particularly fertile in the royal domaine. The movement is renewed as of 1750. New ideas of Northern France appear to be inscribed in the movement of a come-back of Antiquity, which is in fact a return to Mediterranean culture, forms and techniques.

Diffusion of masonry in France is both diffusion of a cultural model and the solution to a technical problem : that of large wood.
Incendies et reconstruction des villes : l'exemple breton au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Nières Claude
Published: August 2023

Le renouvellement normal du bâti dans les villes petites et moyennes n'imposait pas une importante consommation des bois, en particulier de bois de charpente. Depuis le XVIe siècle au moins, il existait des réglementations qui tentaient d'en limiter l'usage pour empêcher les incendies (défense de couvrir en bardeaux, d'élever des murs extérieurs en bois ou en pans de bois). L'étude des constructions montre que l'on continuait néanmoins à construire selon les usages anciens. Mais la raréfaction des grands arbres, des chênes surtout, contraignit à modifier, non pas la nature des maisons, mais les techniques de construction.

La destruction par incendie de nombreuses maisons, la disparition de quartiers entiers (voire des trois quarts de la ville-haute comme à Rennes) réactivaient les réglementations anciennes ou conduisaient les autorités à en prendre de nouvelles. L'usage du bois fut désormais circonscrit à la charpente des couvertures, à la menuiserie interne (planchers là où en existait l'usage ; huisserie ; panneaux de bois sur les cloisons là où, au XVIIIe siècle, on n'utilisait pas le plâtre). Ici ou là, on gardait cependant la possibilité d'élever des murs sur cour en torchis. Cette réglementation, quand elle était appliquée, avait pour conséquence d'augmenter le prix des maisons de un tiers à deux tiers par rapport au mode ancien de construction, ce qui explique à la fois les réticences et les détournements dont nous possédons de nombreux exemples.

Quand il s'agissait de reconstruire à une vaste échelle, il fallait trouver de grandes quantités de bois que les forêts (en tout cas de Bretagne) avaient quelque mal à fournir. Il est intéressant d'insister sur les besoins concurrentiels et complémentaires des constructeurs civils et de la Marine qui se partageaient les coupes.

L'étude des incendies et des reconstructions qui s'en suivent permettent du même coup de mieux mesurer les conséquences des choix retenus par les propriétaires (Domaine ou particuliers) en matière de politique forestière.
Le «parallélisme» des attributs
Authors: Lecourt Dominique
Published: August 2023

La célèbre proposition 7 du Livre II de l'Ethique («L'ordre et la connexion des idées sont les mêmes que l'ordre et la connexion des choses») ne tient pas lieu de «théorie spinoziste de la connaissance». Considérée dans le mouvement de la pensée qui s'amorce dans le scolie de la proposition 17 du Livre I, elle résume au contraire le système des refus que Spinoza oppose à toute «théorie de la connaissance». La pointe de l'argumentation est dirigée contre Descartes pour des raisons de conjoncture philosophique, mais c'est l'idée même qu'il existerait un «problème de la connaissance» que s'attache à dissoudre le début du Livre II. La voie est ouverte pour penser le «jeu» (non dialectique) qui permet de passer du monde de l'imagination au troisième genre de connaissance. Au moment où le matérialisme, maintenant dépouillé de ses oripeaux dialectiques, renaît sous des formes substantialistes (biologistes), la leçon mérite d'être méditée.
Spinoza et Kant : critique de la religion et herméneutique biblique
Authors: Yovel Yirmiahu
Published: August 2023

Une comparaison de Kant et Spinoza sur le terrain du traitement de la religion montre une utilisation assez proche de l'herméneutique biblique pour promouvoir le principe d'immanence en philosophie. Leur philosophie de l'immanence est certes différente, antifinaliste chez Spinoza, humaniste et orientée par une téléologie morale chez Kant, mais la comparaison des deux méthodes de lecture de la Bible, l'une, kantienne, qui subordonne l'intérêt érudit à l’intérêt pratique, l'autre, spinozienne, qui entend les harmoniser, montre in fine la nécessité de séparer résolument les deux types de recherche.
Formation et Généralité : Le rôle social de la philosophie
Authors: Auroux Sylvain
Published: August 2023

Libre ya de la metàfora de la naturaleza (y de la ideología naturalista), la formación se comprende como el proceso que ha de conducir al otro a la construcción de su propia libertad. La libertad, en su sentido más mediocre, se comprende como la indefinida capacidad para adquirir aptitudes. Por consiguiente, si de la escuela se espera que determine las aptitudes que han de ser adquiridas, se la acabará transformando en un lugar donde se parodie la existencia, en sus aspectos más indigentes. La libertad del que aprende exige la constitución de una cultura general que hoy día no puede ser más que una cultura general de tipo científico, ya que la ciencia permite tomar posiciones en el mundo, mientras que ignorarla condena a padecer sus efectos. La filosofía tiene por tarea el favorecer el desarrollo y pervivenda de ese movimiento de autoreflexión sobre los contenidos de una dencia constitutiva de la modernidad.
Le sujet est-il introuvable ?
Authors: Desanti Jean-Toussaint
Published: August 2023

To "find" the subject one must avoid restricting oneself either to a search for a substratum that subsists absolutely, beyond its function as a support for predicates, or to a search for the instance capable of positing itself as "I" in separating itself from the self-referential function of the pronoun in discourse. This does not mean that one is condemned to approach - that is expedite - the subject as a "discursive piece". One can describe at various levels the structures of the experiences that constitute "for me", the relation of the behaviour of an animal to its "monadic site" or that of the call (one that is heard, and which is not precisely intended for me) that relates the conditions of its proferation to a monadic site, even though it is impossible to bring together the intuitive donation of the "body that profers" and the test that I make of its word. In this sense, the subject obviously has a place in my experience, as the designated or indicated convergence of chains of relations -

but it does not show itself therein.
La Nouvelle Académie, selon le point de vue de Philon de Larisse
Authors: Besnier Bernard
Published: August 2023

De Arcesilas a Filón, la historia de la Nueva Academia se considera ordinariamente como la evolución de una posición en la que el rechazo de todo criterio con pretensiones de discernir la representación verdadera de la falsa es radical, a la aceptación, por concesiones sucesivas, de la evidencia de las impresiones, lo que lleva a eliminar la epojé, al menos por lo que respecta a la conducta de la vida. En este artículo, intentamos mostrar que esta manera de ver, inspirada por Aenesidemo, presupone que los Académicos habrían debido hacer el mismo voto de escepticismo que el prestado por la doxografía -retrospectivamente- a Pirrón. Indicamos los motivos para pensar que su actitud fue en realidad diferente, y que, en ésto, no anduvieron errados.
Image, imagination et monde imaginaire selon G. W. Leibniz
Authors: Alcantara Jean-Pascal
Published: August 2023

L'auteur se propose de systématiser une réflexion leibnizienne sur l'imagination, et d'en souligner toute la fécondité pour le Grand rationalisme. D'après la théorie des idées, est imaginaire une perception confuse. La rupture entre image et réel surgit à travers une lecture de la doctrine des mondes possibles inactualisés, qui s'intéresse spécialement à l’exemplification de ceux-ci par des œuvres littéraires. La recherche de critères démarquant le monde réel des fantaisies donne matière à examiner la question de l'existence d’une extériorité. On conclue par quelques remarques où est précisé le rapport entre imagination et mathématiques.
Destutt de Tracy et Montesquieu. «Une loi n'est pas un rapport, un rapport n'est pas une loi» : De la forme à la norme, ou l'invention du progrès
Authors: Goldzink Jean
Published: August 2023

El Comentario sobre el espíritu de las leyes de Destutt de Tracy (1806, publicado en 1819) no es un rito de homenaje, sino la medida inflexible de todo lo que separa, en cincuenta años, dos generaciones de las Luces, dos inclinaciones del espíritu, incluso dos épocas, piensa Destutt, del espíritu humano. Para fundar de verdad la ciencia de las sociedades, a Montesquieu le falto, primeramente, un buen método filosófico, asentado sobre una buena definición de la ley, concebida como norma universal a priori de ima naturaleza humana tendida hacia la realización progresiva de sus finalidades. La crítica de la definición de la ley como relación permite comprender por qué la Ideología ya no puede comprender al autor del Espíritu de las leyes.
Condillac et l'histoire. Entre Catastrophe et Décadence : Le progrès
Authors: Crampe-Casnabet Michèle
Published: August 2023

Condilliac draws up a theory of history as a complex causal science that brings into play reasonable conjectures, links between facts of which there are only traces left, and chance. The human mind has a history that represents progress towards rational enlightenment ; human societies also progress from states of savagery to civilised eras. The same applies to language, which evolved from gestures close to nature to arbitrary systems in which the relation between signifier and signified was a transparent one. Between the catastrophes orchestrated by a Providence, catastrophes that inaugurated history, and the inevitable decadence of societies and languages (the happy origin being lost), is situated the labile and admirable moment of the progress of the human species.
L'esprit comme seconde nature. Ce qu’il advient de ce concept après Hegel
Authors: Colliot-Thélène Catherine
Published: August 2023

The German Historical School defined itself in opposition to idealist Hegelian philosophy. As a member of this school, Wilhelm Dilthey nonetheless argued in his later writings for the rehabilitation of the Hegelian concept of objective mind -a sign of the filiation that, although denied, was well and truly present and can be confirmed by on the one hand Hegel's, and on the other hand Droysen's readings of Aristotle.
Santa Bárbara o la morbidez santificada
Authors: Fernández Taviel de Andrade Bárbara
Published: August 2023

La devoción que ha existido y subsiste aún en la vieja Europa por santa Bárbara data de antiguo y plantea muchos interrogantes. No sólo la etimología, evolución y acepciones del nombre permiten interpretaciones diferentes, sino que el mismo relato de su monstruoso martirio ofrece no pocas preguntas que difícilmente pueden obtener respuestas convincentes.
Nouveau Monde : nouveaux monstres ?
Authors: Val Julián Carmen
Published: August 2023

Die Entdeckung Amerikas erschließt ein für das Vordringen phantastischer Geschöpfe besonders günstiges Gebiet. Die Ungeheuer auf den Landkarten und aus den Erzählungen werden jedoch auch in der Alten Welt veröffentlicht. Der Artikel fragt insbesondere nach der Aufgabe der Amazonen, Kannibalen und patagonischen Riesen bei ihrem Auftreten auf dem Kontinent.
Monstruos familiares : en tomo a El último amor de Juan García Hortelano
Authors: Redondo Goicoechea Alicia
Published: August 2023

Alicia Redondo Goicoechea’s article, «’Familiar Monsters' : The Last Love of Juan Garcia Hortelano», offers a reading that seeks to emphasize the various levels of writing within this story, and thus, some of the obsessions that are part of the author's vision of the world.
Critical Competencies of 4-H Camp Staff for Achieving High Performance
Authors: Jeuck Laura , Jayaratne K.S.U. , Stumpf-Downing Mitzi , Edwards Harriett , McKee Katherine
Published: August 2023

Camps provide a substantial opportunity for youth to develop important life skills. Identifying and training staff on critical competencies are essential to achieving the desired outcomes for camp participants. The purpose of this study was to determine the most critical competencies of the 4-H residential camp staff for achieving high staff performance. The modified Delphi technique was used to achieve study objectives. The Delphi panel of this study consisted of 23 4-H camping experts from across the United States. This three-round Delphi study led to identify 15 critical competencies that will be useful in standardizing 4-H camp staff training programs.
Perceived Social Support and General Health in Nursing and Midwifery Students in Tehran During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020
Authors: Amiri Mehrnegar , Hajinasab Mohammadmahdi , Ghasemipour Hombary Amirreza , Haghani Shima , Khachian Alice
Published: August 2023

Background & Aims: COVID-19 pandemic affects the physical and mental health of nursing and midwifery students as a group who are potentially in contact with patients during a pandemic. Considering that receiving social support is very necessary for crisis situations and also good general health makes the person adapt to the surrounding environment; therefore the present study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine the relationship between perceived social support and general health among nursing and midwifery students of Iran University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted from April to July 2019 with 186 students of the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tool was an electronic questionnaire including demographic information, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The most social support perceived by the students was reported by the family. With the reduction of perceived social support by students during the COVID-19 pandemic, the general health score increased, which means that students’ general health is weaker. Having an underlying disease is the only variable that had a significant relationship with perceived social support (P=0.018) and general health (P=0.005). The way of living had a statistically significant relationship with the general health of students during the pandemic of COVID-19 (P<0.001). Those who live alone had less general health. Conclusion: Social support from family and friends was associated with improving the general health of students during the Corona era. Therefore, it is suggested to take a step towards increasing the level of their general health by increasing social support for students who live alone or have an underlying disease.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training with Schema Therapy on Cognitive fusion and Job Burnout in Female Nurses
Authors: Safaeian Mehrnoush , Kakavand Alireza , Bahrami Hidaji Maryam , Mohammadi Shirmahaleh Fatemeh , Ranjbaripour Tahereh
Published: August 2023

Background & Aims: Nurses as the powerful force of the healthcare system, play a significant role in the development and progress of care, improvement, and promotion of health. Therefore, it is very important to check their mental and occupational health status. Therefore, this research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness programs with schema therapy on cognitive fusion and job burnout in female nurses. Materials and Methods: The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all female nurses working in Imam Khomeini hospital (RA) in Tehran in 2021, which was 60 available, taking into account the entry criteria and research tools including the cognitive fusion questionnaire and questionnaire Job burnout were selected and replaced in three groups of 20 people. The intervention program was implemented for each of the experimental groups during 8 weekly sessions (1 hour). But the control group did not receive these programs. Hypotheses were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The findings showed that the groups had no significant difference in terms of education, shift and work experience, and type of employment (P<0.05). Also, both mindfulness and schema therapy have significantly improved cognitive fusion and job burnout compared to the control group. The comparison of intervention programs shows the different effects of these programs on cognitive fusion and job burnout. Conclusion: Based on the results, therapists and health professionals can use two methods of mindfulness and schema therapy to improve the occupational and psychological condition of personnel.
Retinal Migraine: Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Treatment and Pharmacoprophylaxis
Authors: Солкин А.А. , Гриценко А.В.
Published: August 2023

Ретинальная мигрень (мигрень сетчатки) – вид мигрени с аурой. Существует множество гипотез причин возникновения и патогенеза мигрени. Благодаря современным методам диагностики мигрени появляется возможность обсудить частный случай заболевания в виде ретинальной мигрени. Ретинальная мигрень обычно проявляется временными приступами монокулярной потери зрения и может сопровождаться зрительной аурой. Хотя головная боль является наиболее распространенным симптомом мигрени, для мигрени сетчатки основным признаком является нарушение зрения. Диагностика мигрени сетчатки проводится на основе критериев Международной классификации головной боли – 3 (ICHD-3). У большинства пациентов с мигренью сетчатки возникают обратимые нарушения зрения, однако у некоторых из них существует опасность стойкой потери зрения. Необходимость обсуждения вопроса мигрени сетчатки складывается из данных наблюдения некоторых исследователей о неточной диагностике этого заболевания. Мы попытались обобщить знания по этиопатогенезу, клиническим проявлениям, диагностике, терапии и фармакопрофилактике этого редкого заболевания.

Many hypotheses exist regarding reasons for migraine onset and pathogenesis. Modern methods of migraine diagnosing allow discussing a particular case of the disease in the form of retinal migraine. Retinal migraine is usually manifested by transient bouts of monocular vision loss and may be accompanied by visual aura. Although headache is the most common symptom of migraine, for retinal migraine the main symptom is visual impairment. The diagnosis of retinal migraine is based on the International Headache Classification criteria: 3 (ICHD-3). Most patients with retinal migraine experience reversible visual impairment, but some of them are at risk of permanent vision loss. The need to discuss the issue of retinal migraine arises from observational data of some researchers regarding imprecise disease diagnosis. We have tried to summarize existing knowledge on etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, therapy and pharmacoprophylaxis of this rare disease.
Intensity of load on road bridges in a congestion situation
Authors:   Politechnika Wrocławska, Machelski Czesław
Published: August 2023

Abstract: The work analyzed the safety of road bridges during their exploitation in the situation of maximum load. Such bridge loads occur during acceptance tests of the object when the system of cars on the roadway is programmed. Considered in the work is the situation of full load on bridges occurring during a road congestion. Then the layout of the vehicles is inherently random and several of them can form a system of maximum, local load. The results of measurements during the actual congestion created on the bridge with a suspended diagram were related to the results of numerical analyzes. A two-beam span model and a dual carriageway load system in the congestion were adopted. As an extreme case, the load from two vehicles was considered at work, but in a small bridge. A replacement load algorithm was used for comparative analysis. Keywords: Safety of road bridge, Congestion, Numerical analysis