bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hverju skipta sjálfboðaliðar fyrir íslensk félagasamtök?
Authors: Kristmundsson Ómar H. , Hrafnsdóttir Steinunn
Published: December 2013

Lýst er niðurstöðum rannsóknar á mikilvægi sjálfboðaliða sem auðlindar fyrir félagasamtök í velferðarþjónustu á Íslandi. Viðfangsefnið snýr að alþjóðlegri fræðilegri umræðu um hlutverk sjálfboðaliða innan félagasamtaka. Sú umræða hefur fram að þessu beinst meira að framboði sjálfboðastarfs fremur en eftirspurn félagasamtaka eftir slíku framlagi. Rannsókninni er ætlað að bæta úr þörf á að greina hvernig félagasamtök nýta sér sjálfboðaliða. Notast er við tvö gagnasöfn höfunda, spurningakönnun sem gerð var meðal þorra starfandi félaga í velferðarþjónustu 2011 á Íslandi og könnun á heimasíðum þeirra 2013. Á niðurstöðum rannsóknarinnar verður ekki séð að framlag sjálfboðaliða sé mikilvægur hluti af starfsemi þorra velferðarfélaga á Íslandi. Hlutverk sjálfboða er afmarkað við stjórnarsetu og tímabundin átaksverkefni, eins og fjáraflanir. Það er háð stærð og meginhlutverki félaganna hversu mikið sjálfboðaliðar koma að öðrum verkefnum. Framlag sjálfboðaliða minnkar eftir því sem starfsfólk er fleira og vægi þeirra er minna hjá félögum í þjónustustarfsemi en meðlimamiðuðum félögum og baráttusamtökum. Niðurstöður eru í samræmi við erlendar rannsóknir, m.a. varðandi áhrif fagvæðingar á starfsemi félagasamtaka. Niðurstöðurnar eru ekki síst athyglisverðar með hliðsjón af vísbendingum um að áhugi fólks á að leggja fram vinnuframlag sitt til góðra málefna án endurgjalds hafi ekki breyst á undanförnum áratugum. Þetta leiðir til spurninga um það hversu vel hefðbundið félagsform mæti þörfum samfélagsins fyrir sjálfboðastörf.
Er heilsa metin með hlutfallslegum eða algildum hætti?
Authors: Andrésson Agnar Hafliði , Ásgeirsdóttir Tinna Laufey
Published: December 2013

Fyrri rannsóknir benda til þess að fólki sé minna umhugað um hlutfallslega stöðu heilsu heldur en hlutfallslega stöðu annarra gæða. Heilsa er hins vegar margvíð og aldrei áður hefur verið rannsakað hverjir hlutfallslegir eiginleikar mismunandi vídda heilsu eru. Send var spurningarkönnun á nemendur Háskóla Íslands þar sem svarendur voru látnir velja á milli tvenns konar samfélagsástands: í öðru bjuggu þeir við betri heilsu en aðrir í samfélaginu, en í hinu bjuggu allir við betri heilsu, en þar voru svarendur við lakari heilsu en aðrir. Kannað var með tilgátuprófum hvort ólíkar víddir heilsu væru í mismiklum mæli metnar út frá hlutfallslegri stöðu einstaklings miðað við aðra í samfélaginu. Þá var samband milli lýðfræðilegra- og heilsufarslegra breyta við afstöðu til hlutfallslegrar stöðu mismunandi vídda heilsu metið með logit aðhvarfsgreiningu. Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar benda til þess að fæstir þættir heilsu hafa ólíka hlutfallslega eiginleika umfram aðra, en einungis líkamsþyngd og ungbarnadauði sýndu marktækt frábrugðna eiginleika. Þá virðist heilsa vera almennt talin mjög algild og kýs fólk síður hlutfallslega sterkari stöðu á kostnað algildrar heilsu.
Determinantes del comportamiento de consumo de televisión: un modelo estructural
Authors: Berné Manero Carmen , García-Uceda María Esperanza , Orive Serrano Víctor
Published: December 2013

Este trabajo propone y valida un modelo explicativo del comportamiento de consumo de televisión en el contexto de la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón (España) para una muestra de 214 espectadores de televisión. Los resultados, obtenidos mediante la metodología de sistemas de ecuaciones estructurales, permiten confirmar las escalas de medida y la relación de causalidad entre la afinidad hacia el medio y la valoración de la oferta de contenidos de las cadenas de televisión y el comportamiento de consumo de televisión.
Analyzing stative dimensional verbs in frames
Authors: Gamerschlag Thomas , Petersen Wiebke
Published: December 2013

In this paper we discuss the class of stative dimensional verbs. Stative verbs of this type such as German
Beyond the sentence: Towards a cognitive-linguistic approach to textual reference
Authors: Ziem Alexander
Published: December 2013

Based on the results of a cognitive-linguistic study on associative anaphors, the paper introduces a new approach to textual reference at the interface of lexical semantics and text semantics. Theoretical tools and concepts, particularly semantic frames and concept types, also relevant for follow-up studies on related text-linguistic phenomena, are introduced and discussed. In the corpus-based study presented here, anaphors are systematically identified and manually annotated according to linguistic features yielding reference resolution. Investigating contextual features of associative anaphors in a great number of cases facilitates a fine-grained analysis of anaphoric reference, paving the way to a comprehensive cognitive approach to textual reference
‘Can I ask you something?’: The influence of functional factors on the L1-acquisition of yes-no questions in English
Authors: Kania Ursula
Published: December 2013

Usage-based, constructivist approaches to first language acquisition assume that children’s linguistic abilities emerge in a piecemeal fashion through interaction with mature language users (Tomasello 2003). In spite of the fact that both formal and functional characteristics of the linguistic constructions involved are thought to be of importance in this process, most previous studies have focused exclusively on form.

The current study aims at exploring the contribution of functional factors in the learning of a subset of yes-no questions: providing an in-depth analysis of the emergence of
Constructions of purpose: A corpus-based analysis of corporate mission statements
Authors: Meex Birgitta , Brône Geert , Wermuth Cornelia
Published: December 2013

The various incarnations of cognitive linguistics can be characterized by a common contextualized view on linguistic structure. Emerging from this philosophical cornerstone of the cognitive-linguistic enterprise is a growing body of research that systematically inquires into the intricate interplay of the cognitive, social and situational dimensions determining grammatical and lexical choice. The present paper ties in with current explorations of the interface between cognition, pragmatics and grammar through a corpus-based study of the grammatical and discursive construction of purpose. We argue that constructions marking such goal-oriented actions provide a valuable resource for the study of the grammar-discourse interface, because they (implicitly or explicitly) involve a positioning on various axes, including modal, temporal, force-dynamic and interpersonal.

In order to answer the onomasiological question of how purpose is expressed in discourse, and how the above axes interact in motivating the choice for a specific grammatical construction, we conducted an exploratory corpus study, based on authentic German data. The specific text genre that we selected for our analysis is that of corporate mission statements (
Three ways to view a sonnet: Metaphor and poetic structure in three translations of Shakespeare’s sonnet XC
Authors: Kassner Laura
Published: December 2013

Shakespeare’s works have been translated many times throughout different historical eras, and these translations vary considerably both in their poetic form and in their cognitive underpinnings. This paper investigates the cognitive and poetic differences between three translations of Shakespeare’s sonnet XC: a 19th-century translation by F. A. Gelbcke (Gelbcke 1867), a translation by Paul Celan (Celan 1967) and a translation by A. Thalmayr (Thalmayr 1985). In particular, the use of conceptual metaphor across all versions is compared, and it is established that primary conceptual metaphors tend to remain intact across translations whereas complex conceptual metaphors tend to be replaced by different complex metaphors specific to the era and cultural background of the respective translators. This observation has broader implications for metaphor theory in general: Cross-linguistic studies of literary translations may be useable as a metric for the basic-ness or universality of metaphors. The poetic form variation found in the translations reflects the variation in metaphor material, and the mechanisms of foregrounding and parallelism postulated for poetic language by formalist poetics are shown to be useful for investigating the phenomenon of translation.
Counting conjugacy classes of cyclic subgroups for fusion systems
Authors: Park Sejong
Published: December 2013

Thévenaz [Arch. Math. (Basel) 52 (1989), no. 3, 209–211] made an interesting observation that the number of conjugacy classes of cyclic subgroups in a finite group G is equal to the rank of the matrix of the numbers of double cosets in G. We give another proof of this fact and present a fusion system version of it. In particular we use finite groups realizing the fusion system ℱ as in our previous work [Arch. Math. (Basel) 94 (2010), no. 5, 405–410].
On a conjecture of Karrass and Solitar
Authors: Steinberg Benjamin
Published: December 2013

We settle an old conjecture of Karrass and Solitar by proving that a finitely generated subgroup of
a non-trivial free product

G
=
A
*
B

${G = A\ast B}$

has finite index if and only if it
intersects each non-trivial normal subgroup of G non-trivially.
This holds, more generally, for subgroups of finite Kurosh rank.
MicroSISAK: continuous liquid–liquid extractions of radionuclides at 0.2 mL/min
Authors: Hild D. , Eberhardt K. , Even J. , Kratz J. V. , Wiehl N. , Löb P. , Werner B. , Hofmann C.
Published: December 2013

Continuous liquid–liquid extraction of short-lived radionuclides has traditionally been performed with the SISAK system
consisting of static mixers and H-centrifuges for phase separation. SISAK operates at flow rates of typically
1 mL/s. Thus, it produces large volumes of radioactive liquid waste that is difficult to dispose of. Therefore, it
has been aimed to develop and use a further miniaturised extraction unit based on microtechnology and precision engineering to
reduce the flow rate by at least two orders of magnitude. The accordingly developed MicroSISAK device is a micro membrane
extractor in which a micromixer element with 2 × 16 feed channels of 30 µm width followed by
a 60 µm high mixing chamber is used for intimately contacting the aqueous and organic phase. Subsequent phase
separation is achieved via hydrophobic Teflon membranes with a pore size of 1 µm. The MicroSISAK device has
been tested and optimized with radiotracers of the group-4 elements Zr and Hf in the system H2SO4/trioctyl amine
(TOA) in toluene. At a temperature of 58°C and a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min of both phases,
extraction yields of 87 ± 3% were achieved. The transport time from the micromixer to the first Teflon membrane was
in this case 3.9 s. It can be shortened to 1.56 s at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Under similar
conditions, the extraction yield of 99m
Tc milked from a 99Mo generator in the system
HNO3/tetraphenyl arsonium chloride (TPAC) in chloroform was 83 ± 3%. In an on-line experiment at the TRIGA
Mainz reactor, short-lived Tc isotopes produced in the fission of 235U with thermal neutrons were transported by
a He/KCl gas-jet to the chemistry apparatus, deposited by impaction, dissolved in 0.01 mol/L HNO3/KBrO3,
and extracted into 10−4 mol/L TPAC in chloroform in MicroSISAK. The separated phases were transported via
capillaries to two separate flow-through cells positioned in front of two Ge detectors. The extraction yield determined as the
ratio of the Tc γ-ray activities in both detectors was 76 ± 1%. With this experiment, it was demonstrated
that MicroSISAK is in principle ready for an on-line experiment for the chemical characterization of the superheavy element
bohrium, element 107. However, the detection of α-particle activities by liquid scintillation counting still needs to
be worked out.
Ion-imprinted polymeric nanoparticles as a novel sorbent to separate radioyttrium from Sr target
Authors: Sarabadani P. , Payehghadr M. , Sadeghi M. , Abbasi K. , Bolourinovin F.
Published: December 2013

Radioyttrium (containing 86Y, 87Y and 88Y) was produced by irradiating
a natSrCO3 target with 15 MeV proton beam at a current of 30 µA for
12 min. A synthesized ion imprinted (IIP) and control polymer (CP) nanoparticles as sorbents were used for the
separation of radioyttrium from strontium. The sorbents were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR),
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Surface
area analysis. Effect of various parameters such as pH, mass sorbent, nature and volume of eluent were investigated on the
percent extraction of radioyttrium ion using IIP and CP particles. Chemical and radionuclidic purity were determined by ICP-AES
and HPGe detector gamma-ray spectrometry, respectively. The radioyttrium recovery yield was 99.5% and the stable Sr
content in the final product was estimated to be 4.5 µg mL−1. In conclusion, the suggested method in this
manuscript can be used for the production of other 86/87Y radionuclides.
Heterogeneous reduction of 239PuO2 by aqueous Fe(II) in the presence of hematite
Authors: Felmy A. R. , Moore D. A. , Qafoku O. , Buck E. , Conradson S. D. , Ilton E. S.
Published: December 2013

The reduction of PuO2(am) by Fe(II) in the presence and absence of hematite was studied over a range of pH values and
oxidation/reduction potentials. In contrast to thermodynamic predictions, the presence of hematite did not have a major
effect on the overall reduction of PuO2(am) to aqueous Pu(III). Instead the aqueous Pu(III) concentrations at longer time
frames were accurately predicted using the measured Fe(II) concentration and existing thermodynamic data for the reaction:
H2O + H++ Fe2++ PuO2(am) ⇌ Pu3++ Fe(OH)3(am)
with log K =− 0.6. The accuracy of this approach in all solutions containing aqueous Fe(II), coupled with the apparent lack
of oxidation of Fe(II) by O2(g), suggests that the Fe(OH)3(am) is formed by the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) by
radiolysis. The continued generation of reactive amorphous iron hydroxide by radiolysis prevents thermodynamic equilibrium from
being reached with more stable ferric oxide compounds, except possibly under acidic conditions where amorphous ferric hydroxide
is soluble. The use of measured pe values, instead of aqueous Fe(II) measurements, also yields reasonable predictions of the
final Pu(III) concentrations although the predictions are more uncertain.
Investigaton of Kpong carbonatite as a potential source for rare earth elements (REEs) using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA)
Authors: Hayford M. S. , Akiti T. T. , Serfor-Armah Y. , Dampare S. B.
Published: December 2013

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to investigate REEs
in carbonatite from Kpong southeastern, Ghana. Total rare earth element
(TREEs) obtain were in the range of 540 mg/kg to
705 mg/kg. The total number of rare earth elements (REEs)
determined by INAA in the carbonatite rocks from Kpong were 11, namely; La,
Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm, Yb, Lu. The INAA results from the carbonatite
show a high enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs) deposits, marking
the Kpong carbonatite as a potential REE source.
Relações funcionais entre precipitação provável e média em regiões e climas brasileiros
Authors: Souza Jorge Luiz Moretti de , Jerszurki Daniela , Damazio Emanuelly Cristine
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os parâmetros estatísticos da função densidade de probabilidade (FDP) com melhor ajuste aos valores decendiais de precipitação pluvial observados em diversas localidades brasileiras, e também determinar a relação entre precipitação provável (75% de probabilidade, P75%) e precipitação média () nestas localidades. Foram avaliadas cinco FDPs (normal, triangular, gama, exponencial e uniforme), ajustadas a dados provenientes de 43 municípios, de oito estados, em quatro regiões brasileiras. As localidades foram avaliadas isoladamente ou agrupadas de acordo com estados ou tipos climáticos. O teste de aderência de Kolmogorov‑Smirnov foi utilizado para avaliar o ajuste estatístico das FDPs às séries de dados. As distribuições gama e exponencial foram as que mais frequentemente melhor se ajustaram às séries de precipitação pluvial decendial (41,2 e 30,8%, respectivamente). As relações funcionais mais promissoras entre e P75% foram obtidas nos climas Cwa (R² = 0,82), Aw (R² = 0,70), As (R² = 0,68) e Cwb (R² = 0,62), e nos estados de Goiás (R² = 0,80), São Paulo (R² = 0,76) e Minas Gerais (R² = 0,70). As distribuições normal (19,3%), triangular (2,2%) e uniforme (3,5%) têm menor participação nos melhores ajustes, mas são importantes nas análises para o período seco.
Desempenho agronômico de feijão‑caupi e milho semeados em faixas na safrinha
Authors: Matoso Aline de Oliveira , Soratto Rogério Peres , Ceccon Gessi , Figueiredo Priscila Gonzáles , Luiz Neto Neto Antonio
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico de cultivares de feijão‑caupi e de milho, em monocultivo e em cultivo consorciado em faixas, na safrinha. Foram realizados experimentos, em Dourados, MS (2009 e 2010), e em Botucatu, SP (2010). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas com feijão‑caupi foram constituídas por três sistemas de cultivo (em faixas com variedade ou híbrido de milho, além do cultivo solteiro) e as subparcelas, por três cultivares de feijão‑caupi (BRS Guariba, BRS Novaera e BRS Xiquexique). As parcelas com milho foram constituídas por duas cultivares de milho (variedade BR 473 e híbrido BRS 1030 ou BRS 1010), e as subparcelas, por quatro sistemas de cultivo (em faixas com as três cultivares de feijão‑caupi e solteiro). O sistema de consórcio em faixas consistiu de quatro fileiras de feijão‑caupi com quatro fileiras de milho. O consórcio proporcionou um uso mais eficiente da terra. As cultivares de feijão‑caupi apresentaram desempenho produtivo semelhante entre si, quando cultivadas em faixas com o milho. O híbrido de milho é mais produtivo que a variedade, tanto no cultivo solteiro quanto no consorciado.
Genetic transformation of sweet oranges with the D4E1 gene driven by the AtPP2 promoter
Authors: Attílio Lísia Borges , Mourão Filho Francisco de Assis Alves , Harakava Ricardo , Silva Tatiane Loureiro da , Miyata Luzia Yuriko , Stipp Liliane Cristina Libório , Mendes Beatriz Madalena Januzzi
Published: December 2013

The objective of this work was to produce transgenic 'Pêra' and 'Valência' sweet orange plants using the D4E1 gene driven by the Arabidopsis thaliana phloem protein (AtPP2) promoter and to quantify transgene expression in different transformation events. Genetic transformation experiments were carried out with epicotyl segments co‑cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Six plants from 'Pêra' sweet orange and seven plants from 'Valência' sweet orange were confirmed as different transgenic events by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the Southern blot techniques. Transgene expression was quantified using real‑time quantitative PCR. D4E1 gene expression levels vary from 5 up to 50 times among different transformation events.
Estado nutricional e frações foliares de P no cafeeiro em função da adubação fosfatada
Authors: Reis Thiago Henrique Pereira , Furtini Neto Antônio Eduardo , Guimarães Paulo Tácito Gontijo , Guerra Antônio Fernando , Oliveira César Henrique Caputo de
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, nas épocas seca e chuvosa, o estado nutricional e as frações foliares de P no cafeeiro, em resposta à adubação fosfatada, e determinar relação destas com a produtividade da cultura. Utilizou-se a cultivar Rubi MG‑1192, sob pivô central, em plantio adensado (7.143 plantas ha‑1) sobre Latossolo Vermelho, na região dos Cerrados. Entre 2002 e 2010, foram utilizadas as doses anuais de 0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 kg ha‑1 de P2O5. As amostras foliares foram retiradas após a colheita, em julho (época seca), e antes da fase de enchimento de grãos, em dezembro (época chuvosa). Os teores de P foliar foram avaliados em 2009 e 2010, e a produção, de 2008 a 2011. A produtividade do cafeeiro respondeu linearmente a doses de até 400 kg ha‑1 de P2O5. Em condições de alta produtividade, com alto suprimento de P, as faixas de suficiência do nutriente possivelmente são maiores que as relatadas na literatura. A reserva de fósforo inorgânico nas folhas do cafeeiro aumenta em plantas com melhor suprimento de P, o que garante maior atividade metabólica das plantas em períodos de estresse hídrico e possibilita maior produtividade.
Associação entre características de desempenho de tilápia-do-nilo ao longo do período de cultivo
Authors: Yoshida Grazyella Massako , Oliveira Carlos Antonio Lopes de , Oliveira Sheila Nogueira de , Kunita Natalí Miwa , Resende Emiko Kawakami de , Alexandre Filho Luiz , Ribeiro Ricardo Pereira
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar as herdabilidades e a estrutura de correlações genéticas entre as características de desempenho de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) da linhagem GIFT, em diferentes estágios do ciclo de produção. As tilápias foram cultivadas em tanques-rede. Mediu-se ganho em peso diário total, peso vivo e ganho em peso diário, em quatro períodos, com intervalos de aproximadamente 30 dias. Foram realizadas análises unicaracter para as medidas, em todas as biometrias e, nas análises bicaracter, as medidas de mesma característica foram combinadas duas a duas e com o ganho em peso diário total. As estimações de herdabilidade variaram de 0,15 a 0,11 para peso vivo, 0,16 a 0,09 para ganho em peso diário e 0,17 a 0,12 para ganho em peso diário total, nas análises unicaracter. Os valores estimados de correlação genética para peso vivo e ganho em peso diário, associados ao ganho em peso diário total, variaram entre 0,37 a 0,98 e 0,74 a 0,88, respectivamente. A forte associação genética estimada entre peso vivo em biometrias intermediárias e ganho em peso diário total sugere que a seleção para velocidade de crescimento pode ser realizada de forma precoce.
Coliform density in oyster culture waters and its relationship with environmental factors
Authors: Mignani Luciene , Barbieri Edison , Marques Helcio Luis de Almeida , Oliveira Ana Julia Fernandes Cardoso de
Published: December 2013

The objective of this work was to evaluate the total and thermotolerant coliform densities in the oyster culture water of Cananeia, SP, Brazil, correlating these densities with environmental variables and tidal variations. Superficial water samples were collected in two tide conditions (spring and neap) from three areas of Cananéia municipality (Mandira, Itapitangui and Cooperostra). The three studied areas showed good conditions for the culture regarding coliform densities. The two tidal conditions differed significantly as to total coliform concentration; however, the same procedure was not performed for thermotolerant coliforms. No correlation was observed between water temperature, pH, and concentrations of total and thermotolerant coliforms. Coliform density was positively correlated with rainfall and negatively correlated with salinity. Spring and neap tides differed significantly as to coliform number. Simple diagnosis of environmental conditions of the crop fields is insufficient to assess water quality of shellfish cultivation. A continuous monitoring program of planted areas is necessary both for the assessment of water quality potential for marine culture and for ensuring safe consumption of seafood, besides constituting an important tool to understand the relationships between contamination and the involved environmental variables.
Óleo e torta de dendê em rações para juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo
Authors: Azevedo Rafael Vieira de , Tonini William Cristiane Teles , Braga Luís Gustavo Tavares
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a inclusão da torta e do óleo de dendê em rações para tilápia-do-nilo. Foram utilizados 312 peixes, distribuídos em 24 tanques (150 L), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x3 - duas fontes de óleo (soja ou dendê) e três níveis de torta de dendê (0, 15 e 30%). A fonte de óleo não influenciou o desempenho zootécnico. A inclusão da torta de dendê não alterou a conversão alimentar aparente e a taxa de sobrevivência dos peixes; porém, promoveu aumento nos valores de consumo diário de ração, ganho de peso diário, taxa de crescimento específico e fator de condição. A fonte de óleo e a inclusão da torta não influenciaram o teor de gordura e o rendimento de carcaça, o índice hepatossomático, o valor produtivo da energia e o colesterol plasmático. O óleo de dendê pode substituir o óleo de soja, e a inclusão da torta de dendê melhora o desempenho zootécnico de tilápias-do-nilo, sem alterar características corporais e sanguíneas.
Suplementação de vitamina C em dietas para juvenis de trairão
Authors: Salaro Ana Lúcia , Kasai Rodrigo Yutaka Dichoff , Carneiro Antônio Policarpo Souza , Sabarense Céphora Maria , Hage Maria Cristina Ferrarini Nunes Soares , Tavares Mateus Moraes , Zuanon Jener Alexandre Sampaio
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação da dieta com vitamina C no desempenho produtivo, nas alterações morfológicas e no perfil de ácidos graxos da carcaça de juvenis de trairão (Hoplias lacerdae). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos (0, 17,5, 52,5, 87,5, 122,5, 175 e 350 mg kg-1 de vitamina C na ração) e quatro repetições. Ao final de 62 dias, foram avaliados: ganhos de peso e comprimento, taxas de sobrevivência e canibalismo, uniformidade do comprimento final, sinais clínicos de excesso ou deficiência de vitamina C, presença de deformidades ósseas e perfil de ácidos graxos da carcaça. Peixes alimentados com a dieta isenta de vitamina C apresentaram maior uniformidade em comprimento final. Não foram detectadas deformidades no corpo dos peixes. As análises radiológicas confirmaram a ausência de deformidades ósseas. Observou-se efeito linear positivo dos níveis de vitamina C na dieta para os ácidos mirístico e araquidônico. Portanto, a vitamina C influencia o metabolismo de ácidos graxos da carcaça dos peixes. Durante o crescimento inicial de juvenis de trairão, a vitamina C não causa deformidades ósseas e não influencia o desempenho produtivo, porém afeta de forma negativa a uniformidade quanto ao comprimento final de juvenis de trairão.
Chemical composition and fatty acid contents in farmed freshwater prawns
Authors: Portella Carolina de Gasperi , Sant'Ana Léa Silvia , Valenti Wagner Cotroni
Published: December 2013

The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition and fatty acid contents of Amazonian and giant river prawns. After four-month farming, with the same diet for both species, palmitic and stearic acids were the main saturated fatty acids. Oleic acid was the main monounsatured fatty acid, and the eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were the most abundant polyunsaturated acids. Amazonian prawn has higher levels of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids than those of the giant river prawn, which shows its potential for aquaculture.
Desempenho do robalo-peva em diferentes temperaturas de cultivo
Authors: Bendhack Fabiano , Peczek Viviane , Gonçalves Rafaela , Baldan Ana Paula
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar o crescimento de juvenis de robalo-peva (Centropomus parallelus) cultivados em diferentes temperaturas. Os peixes foram cultivados durante 49 dias, a 20, 23, 26 e 29ºC. A temperatura da água influenciou o ganho de peso. Os peixes criados a 26 e 29ºC apresentaram os maiores ganhos em peso e foram os mais eficientes na conversão alimentar. Os peixes cultivados a 29ºC também apresentaram melhores taxas de crescimento específico. O desempenho do robalo-peva é afetado a 20ºC, e a espécie deve ser cultivada em temperaturas superiores a 23ºC.
Morphometric and allometric relations of cage-reared Iguaçu surubim
Authors: Feiden Aldi , Signor Altevir , Boscolo Wilson Rogério , Reidel Adilson , Coldebella Anderson , Signor Arcangelo Augusto , Klein Sidnei
Published: December 2013

The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphometric and allometric relations of Iguaçu surubim (Steindachneridion melanodermatum) cultivated in net cages. One hundred and twenty specimens were cultivated at a density of 50 fish per square meter in three 6 m³ net cages. Fish were fed three times a day with commercial feed. Thirty fish were evaluated at 60, 120, 180, and 360 days of cultivation as to the variables: total body, head, clean trunk, viscera, skin, and fin weight; total, standard, and head length; and head and body height. The Iguaçu surubim shows later development of the clean trunk and early development of the other body parts.
Thorough Clinical Assessment: The Hidden Foundation of Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Grady Melissa , Drisko James W.
Published: December 2013

Evidence-based practice (EBP) has refocused social work practice and education. The current social work literature, and that of allied professions, includes very little discussion of assessment in EBP in direct practice. The authors argue that assessment is the hidden foundation on which EBP efforts are based, and that assessment in social work practice includes many important decisions that shape and orient it. Pivotal issues in assessment and in social work assessment practices are explored, addressing variation across agencies, clients, and practitioners. Without a thorough and wide-ranging assessment, including the active participation of the client(s), EBP efforts may be misdirected or less than optimally effective. Assessment is the actual foundation of EBP and warrants much greater attention in scholarship, education, and professional advocacy.
Tweed's Diagnostic Facial Triangle for Nepalese Adults
Authors: Rajbhandari Anjana
Published: December 2013

Abstract on the PDF.
Interceptive Management of Midline Diastema Related to Mesiodens: A Case Report
Authors: Dali Mamta , Dijshit Parajeeta , Joshi Sandhya , Rao Arathi
Published: December 2013

Supernumerary teeth which occur both in the primary and the permanent dentition are seen more frequently in the permanent dentition causing a variety of pathological and occlusal disturbances. Presented herewith is a case report of a patient with a mesiodens which had caused problem in esthetic appearance and spontaneous eruption of right sided upper lateral incisor. Extraction of the mesiodens was carried out, subsequently followed by the space closure utilizing simple fixed orthodontic therapy.
Nepalese History of Orthodontics
Authors: Shreshta Rabindra Man
Published: December 2013

No abstract available.
Cephalometric Evaluation of Craniofacial Pattern of Nepalese Patients with Class III Malocclusion
Authors: Parajuli Umesh , Mishra Praveen , Bhattarai Prakash , Bajracharya Manish , Paudel Keshab Raj , Tuladhar Sapna Laxmi
Published: December 2013

Objective:  To find out the differences in craniofacial pattern between Class lll malocclusion and normal occlusion in Nepalese population.

Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalogram of 30 patients with Class lll malocclusion (11 male and 19 female; mean age, 17.27 ±3.88 years) and 30 patients with normal occlusion (15 males and 15 females; mean age: 19.03 ± 4.94 years) were analyzed for various linear and angular measurements. The variables between the two groups were compared using independent  t - test.

Results: The base angle N-S-Ar was significantly smaller ( < 0.05) in Class lll group. The relative position of the maxilla in sagittal relation as indicated by angle of convexity (N-A-Pog) and A to N perpendicular was significantly retrusive in Class lll group ( < 0.05). The length of the maxilla was significantly reduced in Class lll group ( <0.01). The relative sagittal position of the mandible was significant protrusive in Class lll group as indicated by SNB (P< 0.01), facial angle (FH to N Pog) ( <0.05) and N perpendicular to Pog ( <0.001). The upper incisors were proclined and positioned anteriorly ( <0.01) in Class lll group while the lower incisors were retroclined ( <0.05). The upper lip in Class lll was retrusive ( < 0.05) relative to Ricketts esthetic plane and the nasolabial angle was significantly decreased in Class lll groups (  < 0.01).

Conclusion: There are significant differences in craniofacial pattern in Class lll Nepalese population as compared to normal Nepalese population.
Optimal Scheduling for the Complementary Energy Storage System Operation Based on Smart Metering Data in the DC Distribution System
Authors: Ko Bokyung , Utomo Nugroho , Jang Gilsoo , Kim Jaehan , Cho Jintae
Published: December 2013

The increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) sources in low-voltage grid feeders causes problems concerning voltage regulation. The penetration of DG sources such as photovoltaics (PVs) in the distribution system can significantly impact the power flow and voltage conditions on the customer side. As the DG sources are more commonly connected to low-voltage distribution systems, voltage fluctuations in the distribution system are experienced because of the DG fluctuation and uncertainty. Therefore, the penetration of DGs in distribution systems is often limited by the required operating voltage ranges. By using an energy storage system (ESS), voltage fluctuation can be compensated for, thus satisfying the voltage regulation requirements. This paper presents an ESS scheduling algorithm based on the power injection data obtained from a smart metering system. The proposed ESS scheduling algorithm is designed for use within a direct current (DC) distribution grid, which comprises customers, each with a PV and an ESS system. The purpose of this ESS scheduling algorithm is to optimize the ESS scheduling by considering the complementary operation among all the ESSs.
Impact of Scheduling Flexibility on Demand Profile Flatness and User Inconvenience in Residential Smart Grid System
Authors: Hassan Naveed , Pasha Muhammad , Yuen Chau , Huang Shisheng , Wang Xiumin
Published: December 2013

The objective of this paper is to study the impact of scheduling flexibility on both demand profile flatness and user inconvenience in residential smart grid systems. Temporal variations in energy consumption by end users result in peaks and troughs in the aggregated demand profile. In a residential smart grid, some of these peaks and troughs can be eliminated through appropriate load balancing algorithms. However, load balancing requires user participation by allowing the grid to re-schedule some of their loads. In general, more scheduling flexibility can result in more demand profile flatness, however the resulting inconvenience to users would also increase. In this paper, our objective is to help the grid determine an appropriate amount of scheduling flexibility that it should demand from users, based on which, proper incentives can be designed. We consider three different types of scheduling flexibility (delay, advance scheduling and flexible re-scheduling) in flexible loads and develop both optimal and sub-optimal scheduling algorithms. We discuss their implementation in centralized and distributed manners. We also identify the existence of a saturation point. Beyond this saturation point, any increase in scheduling flexibility does not significantly affect the flatness of the demand profile while user inconvenience continues to increase. Moreover, full participation of all the households is not required since increasing user participation only marginally increases demand profile flatness.
Analysis and Comparison of Friction Stir Welding and Laser Assisted Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Campanelli Sabina , Casalino Giuseppe , Casavola Caterina , Moramarco Vincenzo
Published: December 2013

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process; i.e., no melting occurs. The welding process is promoted by the rotation and translation of an axis-symmetric non-consumable tool along the weld centerline. Thus, the FSW process is performed at much lower temperatures than conventional fusion welding, nevertheless it has some disadvantages. Laser Assisted Friction Stir Welding (LAFSW) is a combination in which the FSW is the dominant welding process and the laser pre-heats the weld. In this work FSW and LAFSW tests were conducted on 6 mm thick 5754H111 aluminum alloy plates in butt joint configuration. LAFSW is studied firstly to demonstrate the weldability of aluminum alloy using that technique. Secondly, process parameters, such as laser power and temperature gradient are investigated in order to evaluate changes in microstructure, micro-hardness, residual stress, and tensile properties. Once the possibility to achieve sound weld using LAFSW is demonstrated, it will be possible to explore the benefits for tool wear, higher welding speeds, and lower clamping force.
Long Term Successful Weight Loss with a Combination Biphasic Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet and Mediterranean Diet Maintenance Protocol
Authors: Paoli Antonio , Bianco Antonino , Grimaldi Keith , Lodi Alessandra , Bosco Gerardo
Published: December 2013

Weight loss protocols can only be considered successful if they deliver consistent results over the long term—a goal which is often elusive, so much so that the term “yo-yo” is used to describe the perennial weight loss/weight regain battle common in obesity. We hypothesized that a ketogenic Mediterranean diet with phytoextracts (KEMEPHY) combined with the acknowledged health benefits of traditional Mediterranean nutrition may favor long term weight loss. We analysed 89 male and female obese subjects, aged between 25 and 65 years who were overall healthy apart from being overweight. The subjects followed a staged diet protocol over a period of 12 months: 20 day of KEMEPHY; 20 days low carb-non ketogenic; 4 months Mediterranean normocaloric nutrition; a second 20 day ketogenic phase followed by 6 months of Mediterranean normocaloric nutrition. For the majority of subjects (88.25%) there was significant loss of weight (from 100.7 ± 16.54 to 84.59 ± 9.71 kg; BMI from 35.42 ± 4.11 to 30.27 ± 3.58) and body fat (form 43.44% ± 6.34% to 33.63% ± 7.6%) during both ketogenic phases followed by successful maintenance, without weight regain, during the 6 month stabilization phase with only 8 subjects failing to comply. There were also significant and stable decreases in total cholesterol, LDLc, triglycerides and glucose levels over the 12 month study period. HDLc showed small increases after the ketogenic phases but over the full 12 months there was no significant change. No significant changes were observed in ALT, AST, Creatinine or BUN. The combination of a biphasic KEMEPHY diet separated by longer periods of maintenance nutrition, based on the traditional Mediterranean diet, led to successful long term weight loss and improvements in health risk factors in a majority of subjects; compliance was very high which was a key determinant of the results seen.
Venom Down Under: Dynamic Evolution of Australian Elapid Snake Toxins
Authors: Jackson Timothy , Sunagar Kartik , Undheim Eivind , Koludarov Ivan , Chan Angelo , Sanders Kate , Ali Syed , Hendrikx Iwan , Dunstan Nathan , Fry Bryan
Published: December 2013

Despite the unparalleled diversity of venomous snakes in Australia, research has concentrated on a handful of medically significant species and even of these very few toxins have been fully sequenced. In this study, venom gland transcriptomes were sequenced from eleven species of small Australian elapid snakes, from eleven genera, spanning a broad phylogenetic range. The particularly large number of sequences obtained for three-finger toxin (3FTx) peptides allowed for robust reconstructions of their dynamic molecular evolutionary histories. We demonstrated that each species preferentially favoured different types of α-neurotoxic 3FTx, probably as a result of differing feeding ecologies. The three forms of α-neurotoxin [Type I (also known as (aka): short-chain), Type II (aka: long-chain) and Type III] not only adopted differential rates of evolution, but have also conserved a diversity of residues, presumably to potentiate prey-specific toxicity. Despite these differences, the different α-neurotoxin types were shown to accumulate mutations in similar regions of the protein, largely in the loops and structurally unimportant regions, highlighting the significant role of focal mutagenesis. We theorize that this phenomenon not only affects toxin potency or specificity, but also generates necessary variation for preventing/delaying prey animals from acquiring venom-resistance. This study also recovered the first full-length sequences for multimeric phospholipase A2 (PLA2) ‘taipoxin/paradoxin’ subunits from non-Oxyuranus species, confirming the early recruitment of this extremely potent neurotoxin complex to the venom arsenal of Australian elapid snakes. We also recovered the first natriuretic peptides from an elapid that lack the derived C-terminal tail and resemble the plesiotypic form (ancestral character state) found in viper venoms. This provides supporting evidence for a single early recruitment of natriuretic peptides into snake venoms. Novel forms of kunitz and waprin peptides were recovered, including dual domain kunitz-kunitz precursors and the first kunitz-waprin hybrid precursors from elapid snakes. The novel sequences recovered in this study reveal that the huge diversity of unstudied venomous Australian snakes are of considerable interest not only for the investigation of venom and whole organism evolution but also represent an untapped bioresource in the search for novel compounds for use in drug design and development.
In Vitro Glucuronidation of Ochratoxin A by Rat Liver Microsomes
Authors: Han Zheng , Tangni Emmanuel , Di Mavungu José , Vanhaecke Lynn , De Saeger Sarah , Wu Aibo , Callebaut Alfons
Published: December 2013

Ochratoxin A (OTA), one of the most toxic mycotoxins, can contaminate a wide range of food and feedstuff. To date, the data on its conjugates via glucuronidation request clarification and consolidation. In the present study, the combined approaches of ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), UHPLC-Orbitrap-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and liquid chromatography-multiple stage mass spectrometry (LC-MSn) were utilized to investigate the metabolic profile of OTA in rat liver microsomes. Three conjugated products of OTA corresponding to amino-, phenol- and acyl-glucuronides were identified, and the related structures were confirmed by hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase. Moreover, OTA methyl ester, OTα and OTα-glucuronide were also found in the reaction solution. Based on these results, an in vitro metabolic pathway of OTA has been proposed for the first time.
The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Ortholog pUL97 of Human Cytomegalovirus Interacts with Cyclins
Authors: Graf Laura , Webel Rike , Wagner Sabrina , Hamilton Stuart , Rawlinson William , Sticht Heinrich , Marschall Manfred
Published: December 2013

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-encoded protein kinase, pUL97, is considered a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) ortholog, due to shared structural and functional characteristics. The primary mechanism of CDK activation is binding to corresponding cyclins, including cyclin T1, which is the usual regulatory cofactor of CDK9. This study provides evidence of direct interaction between pUL97 and cyclin T1 using yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation analyses. Confocal immunofluorescence revealed partial colocalization of pUL97 with cyclin T1 in subnuclear compartments, most pronounced in viral replication centres. The distribution patterns of pUL97 and cyclin T1 were independent of HCMV strain and host cell type. The sequence domain of pUL97 responsible for the interaction with cyclin T1 was between amino acids 231–280. Additional co-immunoprecipitation analyses showed cyclin B1 and cyclin A as further pUL97 interaction partners. Investigation of the pUL97-cyclin T1 interaction in an ATP consumption assay strongly suggested phosphorylation of pUL97 by the CDK9/cyclin T1 complex in a substrate concentration-dependent manner. This is the first demonstration of interaction between a herpesviral CDK ortholog and cellular cyclins.
On the Arrangement of the Homeric Hymns
Authors: Van der Valk Marchinus H. A. L. H.
Published: December 2013

La même de la collection des Hymnes homériques offre plusieurs indices qui la font apparaître comme antérieure à la période alexandrine. Le nombre de douze hymnes consacrés aux divinités olympiennes, celui de six hymnes réservés à des demi-dieux et la place qu'occupent les deux Hymnes à Hestia sont à mettre en rapport avec la mentalité religieuse de la période archaïque. L'auteur attire encore l'attention sur le statut de Dionysos, en qui il reconnaît un intermédiaire privilégié entre les autres dieux et les hommes.
Studies on the Period of Cinna and Sulla
Authors: Katz B. R.
Published: December 2013

Sept questions à la politique intérieure de Rome en 88-87 avant J.-C. sont étudiées ici : la chronologie des élections tribunitiennes et les ambitions des candidats ; le rapport de ces élections avec celles des consuls, et le rôle de Sertorius ; les élections consulaires ; la personnalité de Cinna et celle d'Octave ; le contenu des paragraphes 4-6 du chapitre 10 de la Vie de Sylla de Plutarque ; le serment prononcé par les consuls ; les poursuites qui aboutirent à la proscription de Sylla.
À propos du fragment 2 de l'Oratio pro Rhodiensibus de Caton
Authors: Viré Ghislaine
Published: December 2013

Dans le fragment 2 de l'Oratio pro Rhodiensibus conservé par Aulu Gelle (Noctes Atticae, VI, 3, 16), l'auteur de l'article adopte la lecture sed enim id metuere, si nemo esset homo quern vereremur, quidquid luberet facer emus, ne sub solo imperio nostro, in servitute nostra essent et justifie ce choix, non seulement par la fidélité aux manuscrits, mais aussi par des considérations grammaticales et stylistiques.
Cicero's Case against Magnus Capito and Chrysogonus in the Pro Sex. Roscio Amerino and its Use for the Historian
Authors: Kinsey T. E.
Published: December 2013

This article deals with Cicero's arguments in the Pro Roscio concerning the real identity of those behind the murder of Roscius the father and with the part played by Chrysogonus. As a result it suggests the speech was not as important either politically or for the acquittal of Rosçius as is sometimes thought and that as historical evidence it needs more careful handling than it is sometimes given. It also supports the view that the speech required no great courage to make.
Sur la valeur et l'origine du préfixe latin vē-
Authors: Deroy Louis
Published: December 2013

L'examen des mots vestigium, vestibulum, vefaba, vespillo, Velabrum, Veiovis, vesanas, vecors, vemens, vegrandis, vepallidus, y décèle la présence d'un préfixe ve- dont la valeur est atténuative. Selon toute apparence, un préfixe équivalent wē- se trouve dans les adjectifs mycéniens we(j)arepe, we(j)eke et wearefjh- C'est le même qui a survécu, réduit à ?-, dans les termes homériques ἠπεδανός, ἤἱθεος et ἤβαιὸς. Mais cette concordance ne suffit pas à prouver une origine indo-européenne. On peut penser à un vieil emprunt du latin au grec.
On Editing Herodotus
Authors: McNeal R. A.
Published: December 2013

This article advocates the use of the oldest and best manuscript of Herodotus (Laurentianus 70.3) as a base text. The editor's primary object should be an accurate recording of the paradosis rather than a search, by way of the methods of Lachmann, for an ideal archetype, or for Herodotus' autograph. The apparatus criticus is the proper place for most citations from other manuscripts or for emendations and corrections. The text of Laur. 70.3 itself should be modified only to repair obvious mistakes.
La réforme impériale et l'expédition européenne de Darius Ier. Essai de datation
Authors: Petit Thierry
Published: December 2013

Aucune source directe ne permet de dater la réforme impériale de Darius Ier. Les opinions des modernes qui s'y sont essayés divergent considérablement. D'autres concordances sont ici relevées qui aboutissent à l'identification de Hdt., IV et de Darius Behistoun, V pour la campagne d'Europe, et à la date de 520 av. J.-C. pour l'instauration de la réforme.