bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Monodisperse Ferrite Nanocrystals with Tunable Morphology and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Liang Ruizheng , Tian Rui , Liu Zhihui , Yan Dongpeng , Wei Min
Published: January 2014

The synthesis of monodisperse magnetic ferrite nanomaterials plays an important role in several scientific and technological areas. In this work, dibasic spinel MFe2O4 (M=Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn) and polybasic spinel ferrite MCoFeO4 (M=Mg, Ni, Mn, MgNi) nanocrystals were prepared by the calcination of layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursors at 900 °C, which was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images demonstrate that the as‐obtained spinel ferrites present a single‐crystalline nature with uniform particle size and good dispersibility. The composition, morphology, and particle size can be effectively tuned by changing the metal ratio, basicity, reaction time, and temperature of the LDH precursors. In addition, these spinel ferrites show high magnetic saturation values in the range 21.7–84.3 emu g−1, which maintain a higher level than the previously reported magnetic nanoparticles. Therefore, this work provides a facile approach for the design and fabrication of spinel ferrites with controllable nanostructure and improved magnetism, which could potentially be used in magnetic and biological fields, such as recording media, sensors, drug delivery, and intracellular imaging.
Direct fermentation of raw starch using a Kluyveromyces marxianus strain that expresses glucoamylase and Alpha‐amylase to produce ethanol
Authors: Wang Rongliang , Wang Dongmei , Gao Xiaolian , Hong Jiong
Published: January 2014

Raw starch and raw cassava tuber powder were directly and efficiently fermented at elevated temperatures to produce ethanol using the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus that expresses α‐amylase from Aspergillus oryzae as well as α‐amylase and glucoamylase from Debaryomyces occidentalis. Among the constructed K. marxianus strains, YRL 009 had the highest efficiency in direct starch fermentation. Raw starch from corn, potato, cassava, or wheat can be fermented at temperatures higher than 40°C. At the optimal fermentation temperature 42°C, YRL 009 produced 66.52 g/L ethanol from 200 g/L cassava starch, which was the highest production among the selected raw starches. This production increased to 79.75 g/L ethanol with a 78.3% theoretical yield (with all cassava starch were consumed) from raw cassava starch at higher initial cell densities. Fermentation was also carried out at 45 and 48°C. By using 200 g/L raw cassava starch, 137.11 and 87.71 g/L sugar were consumed with 55.36 and 32.16 g/L ethanol produced, respectively. Furthermore, this strain could directly ferment 200 g/L nonsterile raw cassava tuber powder (containing 178.52 g/L cassava starch) without additional nutritional supplements to produce 69.73 g/L ethanol by consuming 166.07 g/L sugar at 42°C. YRL 009, which has consolidated bioprocessing ability, is the best strain for fermenting starches at elevated temperatures that has been reported to date. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:338–347, 2014
Warfarin: Impact on hemostasis after radial catheterization
Authors: Lippe Christina M. , Reineck Elizabeth A. , Kunselman Allen R. , Gilchrist Ian C.
Published: January 2014

Objectives

This study explores bleeding risk of warfarin patients undergoing radial catheterization.

Background

Traditionally warfarin has been held prior to catheterization due to bleeding risk; however, this practice is being reconsidered with radial access. This study examined if radial patients receiving warfarin have similar hemostasis times to those not taking warfarin.

Methods

A convenience sample of patients undergoing radial catheterization was analyzed. Demographics, procedure characteristics, and pharmacologic therapies were reviewed. Hemostasis times, defined as compression band times, were compared. To exclude confounding effects of aspirin and clopidogrel, a separate analysis of band times for each medication was performed. Specifically, analysis of variance models and exact logistic regression models were used to assess means between usage or nonusage of medications (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel) while adjusting for other medications.

Results

Of 208 patients, 60 (29%) were taking warfarin. The breakdown of warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel use was as follows: 6 (3%) not taking medications; 14 (7%) warfarin alone; 88 (42%) aspirin alone; 2 (1%) clopidogrel alone; 39 (19%) both warfarin and aspirin; 52 (25%) clopidogrel and aspirin; and 7 (3%) warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel. No major complications occurred. Mean hemostasis times for warfarin and nonwarfarin patients were not different (118 vs. 116 min; P = 0.25). Likewise, there was no difference for aspirin (117 vs. 114 min; P = 0.70). There was a nonsignificant trend toward clopidogrel prolonging hemostasis (123 vs. 114 min; P = 0.09). Conclusion: There were no apparent differences in adequacy of hemostasis or duration of compression time between patients taking warfarin or not taking warfarin after controlling for antiplatelet therapy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence and anatomical features of acute longitudinal stent deformation: An intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: Inaba Shinji , Weisz Giora , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Saito Shigeo , Dohi Tomotaka , Dong Liang , Wang Lin , Moran Joyce A. , Rabbani LeRoy E. , Parikh Manish A. , Leon Martin B. , Moses Jeffrey W. , Mintz Gary S. , Maehara Akiko
Published: January 2014

Objectives

We report the prevalence and anatomical features of longitudinal stent deformation as detected by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)

Background

Angiographic studies have recently reported longitudinal stent deformation as a mechanical complication occurring during percutaneous coronary intervention; however, there are no IVUS studies on this phenomenon

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 1,489 consecutive stent‐treated lesions in 1,057 patients who underwent IVUS post‐stent implantation

Results

Seventeen longitudinal stent deformations in 17 lesions (1.1% per lesion) in 17 patients (1.6% per patient) were identified by IVUS. Of the 17 IVUS‐detected deformations, only three deformations (17.6%) were detectable by angiography. By IVUS, there were three patterns of longitudinal stent deformation: (1) Deformation with intra‐stent wrinkling and overlapping of the proximal and distal stent fragments within a single stent (n = 14), (2) deformation with elongation (n = 2), and (3) deformation with shortening (n = 1). Most of the deformations were located near to the proximal stent edge (88%), consistent with the finding that they were observed in 11 ostial (65%) and eight left main lesions (47%), and 8.3% of 96 left main stented lesions had evidence of deformation

Conclusions

By IVUS, longitudinal stent deformation during percutaneous coronary intervention was seen more frequently than in previous studies; however, it is still uncommon (1.1%) except in the left main location. The most frequent pattern was intrastent wrinkling and overlapping of the proximal and distal stent fragments. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discomfort assessment in peripheral angiography: Randomized clinical trial of Iodixanol 270 versus Ioversol 320 in diabetics with critical limb ischemia
Authors: Palena Luis Mariano , Sacco Zeno Dal , Brigato Cesare , Sultato Enrico , Barra Domenico , Candeo Alessandro , Manzi Marco
Published: January 2014

Objectives

To assess and compare the intra‐arterial injection–associated discomfort of iodinated contrast media (CM) and the impact on diagnostic efficacy in diabetics with critical limb ischemia (CLI).

Background

Arterial revascularization is a mainstay in patients with CLI. Previous diagnostic angiography is a crucial step that can be affected by CM injection discomfort compromising the revascularization results, and it could vary related to the CM agents.

Methods

One hundred forty‐eight patients received Iodixanol 270 mg iodine pro ml or Ioversol 320 mg iodine pro ml in a prospective, double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group clinical trial. Injection‐associated discomfort was assessed by Visual Analogic Scale (VAS). Diagnostic efficacy and safety up to 1 week were evaluated.

Results

The incidence of pain has been around 50% of the all population in study, with lesser incidence of pain (25.7% vs 74.3%; P < 0.0001) and of heat sensation (55.4% vs 85.1%; P < 0.0001), after Iodixanol than after Ioversol injection. Discomfort mean score, according to VAS assessment, was less in the Iodixanol group (8.1 ± 15.3) than in the Ioversol group (36.0 ± 29.7), after first injection (P < 0.001) and for all injections (P < 0.001). A significant difference was also observed in favor of Iodixanol (P < 0.001), respect to mean score of discomfort and heat sensation, assessed by the operators after all the CM injections.

Conclusions

Iodixanol caused less frequent and severe discomfort, characterized as pain and heat during intra‐arterial administration compared with Ioversol. The pain severity is tightly related to image and diagnosis quality with an impact on the patients for additional injections and larger CM volumes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Baseline and 9 months IVUS analysis of the bifurcation‐dedicated biolimus A9‐eluting Axxess stent system: The DIVERGE IVUS substudy
Authors: Buysschaert Ian , Sanidas Elias , Hasegawa Takao , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Honda Yasuhiro , Fitzgerald Peter J. , Verheye Stefan
Published: January 2014

Background

Percutaneous treatment of complex coronary bifurcation lesions remains challenging, even in the drug‐eluting stent era. We sought to evaluate the baseline and 9 months intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis of the Axxess™ stent, a self‐expanding, Biolimus A9™‐eluting, and dedicated bifurcation stent.

Methods and Results

We enrolled the first 76 patients from selected sites of the 302 patients large DIVERGE trial (a prospective, single‐arm, multicenter trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of the Axxess stent). Both baseline and 9 months IVUS images were collected for serial two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D analysis. A minimal amount and a low percentage of neointimal volume index were seen in the Axxess stent at 9 months (0.4 ± 0.6 mm3/mm and 4.3 ± 5.2%, respectively). Vessel, lumen, and stent volume indices increased significantly (respectively, 17.0 ± 3.6 to 18.9 ± 3.7 mm3/mm, P < 0.0001; 7.3 ± 2.0 to 9.2 ± 2.5 mm3/mm, P < 0.0001; and 7.4 ± 2.0 to 9.6 ± 2.6 mm3/mm, P < 0.0001). This resulted in minimum lumen area (MLA) enlargement (6.1 ± 1.9 to 7.2 ± 2.3 mm2, P < 0.0001), whereas peristent plaque area decreased (8.7 ± 2.5 to 8.5 ± 2.1 mm3/mm, P = 0.016). At 9 months, 16 (26%) incomplete stent apposition (ISA) persisted from baseline, while six resolved (9.7%). Only one (2%) ISA was late acquired. In the additional distal sirolimus‐eluting stents, MLA decreased from 4.3 ± 1.1 to 4.1 ± 1.2 mm2 (P = 0.04) at 9 months for the main branch, and from 3.4 ± 1.2 to 3.2 ± 1.2 mm2 (P = 0.09) for the side branch.

Conclusions

The dedicated bifurcation Axxess stent system demonstrates significant stent volume increase with minimal neointimal formation and a low incidence of late‐acquired ISA at 9 months. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydroformylation in the Realm of Scents
Authors: Gusevskaya Elena V. , Jiménez‐Pinto Jhonny , Börner Armin
Published: January 2014

Invited for this month’s front cover is a transatlantic collaboration between academic and industrial researchers in Germany and Brazil. The image shows how the works of Coco Chanel, creator of fragrance Chanel No 5, and Otto Roelen, discoverer of the hydroformylation reaction, overlapped: the perfume had a high proportion of linear aldehydes. See the Review itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201300474.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Hydrodynamic Analysis of a Cross‐Orthogonal Fixed‐Valve Tray
Authors: Sun Jinsheng , Luo Xubo , Jiang Shuo , Wang Wenping , Lyu Hao , Wang Pei , Gao Hong
Published: January 2014

A computational fluid dynamics model was developed to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of a novel orthogonal fixed‐valve tray, which offers a larger effective contact perimeter under the same orifice area than its previously reported counterparts. The liquid‐gas phases were simulated in the Eulerian framework, with the interphase momentum transfer source term based on the experimentally obtained liquid hold‐up correlation. The simulation results were consistent with the experimental data. In addition, the gas hold‐up profile of this new design was compared with its triangular cousin under the conditions of a typical run, showing that the former has a higher froth height, which indicated better interphase contact on the tray.
Experimental Study on a Hot‐Oxygen Burner in a Bench‐Scale Gasifier
Authors: Guo Qinghua , Gong Yan , Yu Guangsuo , Wang Tao , Ma Yi , Yan Zhuoyong
Published: January 2014

The direct‐ignition technology of an entrained‐flow coal‐water slurry gasifier with hot‐oxygen burner (HOB) is presented. Experimental tests were carried out using diesel oil and coal‐water slurry in a bench‐scale entrained‐flow opposed multi‐burner (OMB) gasifier. Using a CCD camera equipped with high‐temperature endoscope, flame images inside the gasifier were recorded and subsequently processed. The results show that the HOB diesel flame is more stable than the normal two‐channel burner flame typically used. Entrained‐flow coal‐water slurry gasifiers can start up using the HOB directly without a higher preheated wall temperature. An HOB can potentially save gasifier preheating time and operation costs and enables a wide range of future applications.
Comparing Different Synthesis Procedures for Carbide‐Derived Carbon‐Based Structured Catalyst Supports
Authors: Knorr Tilman , Schwarz Aaron , Etzold Bastian J. M.
Published: January 2014

Different approaches were analyzed to combine the tuneable micropore structure of carbide‐derived carbons with a foam‐like secondary porosity. The resulting structured catalyst supports were characterized in detail and applied in the model reaction of ethene hydrogenation. Preparation methods studied were dip‐coating using polytetrafluoroethylene as binder on cellular metal structures, a chemical vapor deposition coating of the metal structures with thin carbide layers and subsequent conversion to carbide‐derived carbon, and the partial or full conversion of carbide foams to carbon/carbide composites. For the binder method, optimal parameters for stable slurry preparation as well as for calcination of the slurry were obtained. It could further be demonstrated that the conversion of carbide foams into carbon/carbide composites leads to an appreciation between decreasing mechanical strength and increasing specific surface area.
In Situ Electrochemical Generation of Mesostructured Cu2S/C Composite for Enhanced Lithium Storage: Mechanism and Material Properties
Authors: Han Fei , Li Wen‐Cui , Li Duo , Lu An‐Hui
Published: January 2014

An effective strategy is explored for the in situ generation of a Cu2S/tubular mesoporous carbon composite by exploiting the charge–discharge processes of a S/C composite on a copper‐foil current collector. By studying the reaction mechanism, we discover that the dissolved polysulfide ions (from the reaction of pristine sulfur) and inserted Li+ are firmly anchored by the copper ions released from the copper foil, which forms insoluble CuxS intermediates in the mesopore channels of the carbon matrix. Moreover, the new electrochemically active CuxS intermediates are gradually converted to the final product, Cu2S, during subsequent cycles. The as‐prepared Cu2S nanoparticles are highly dispersed throughout the tubular mesoporous carbon, and the Cu2S/C composite exhibits a high reversible capacity of 270 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C over 300 cycles, with the negligible capacity loss, when used as a cathode material for a lithium‐ion battery. Furthermore, the composite shows an outstanding rate capability with a reversible capacity of 225 mAh g−1 under a high rate of 10 C. This work provides a convenient platform for the controlled synthesis of metal sulfides for lithium‐storage applications.
Germanium‐Based Electrode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Sulin , Zhu Ting
Published: January 2014

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with superior energy density, rate capability, and cyclability are critically needed for next‐generation portable electronics and electric vehicles. Germanium (Ge) is a promising candidate material for the high‐capacity anode of LIBs. Although the cost of Ge is the main barrier for its wide application in large‐scale electrochemical energy storage, the electrochemical performance of Ge in LIBs is interesting from both scientific and engineering perspectives. Compared to silicon (Si), Ge has received much less attention, despite the relatively high electronic conductivity and high lithiation–delithiation rate in Ge. In this Concept, we review recent progress in the in situ electrochemical study of the lithiation and delithiation mechanisms in Ge nanowires and nanoparticles. Insights into the nanostructural evolution and mechanical degradation during electrochemical reactions are highlighted. Critical unresolved questions are raised and prospects for the future research of Ge‐based electrodes are discussed.
Influence of Ionic Liquid Selection on the Properties of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate‐Supported Ionogels as Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Visentin Adam F. , Alimena Stephanie , Panzer Matthew J.
Published: January 2014

Three room‐temperature ionic liquids (ILs), differing only in anion identity [1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (EMI FAP), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMI TFSI), and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate (EMI TCB)], are employed to directly compare the mechanical and electrical responses of cross‐linked, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)‐supported ionogel solid electrolytes. It is observed that the choice of IL influences the minimum amount of polymer required to create a non‐flowing gel, but not the value of the Young’s modulus for a given weight fraction of PEGDA above the gelation point. Furthermore, the relative decrease in ionic conductivity above the gel point is also found to be IL‐independent. These observations suggest that IL contributions to the character of these ionogels can be distinguished from the contributions of the supporting polymer scaffold. In addition, an extremely large ionic conductivity value (13.1 mS cm−1) is achieved at room temperature using EMI TCB at its gelation point (7.2 wt % PEGDA).
Monocyclometalated Gold(III) Monoaryl Complexes—A New Class of Triplet Phosphors with Highly Tunable and Efficient Emission Properties
Authors: Szentkuti Alexander , Bachmann Michael , Garg Jai Anand , Blacque Olivier , Venkatesan Koushik
Published: January 2014

Highly tunable and rich phosphorescent emission properties based on the stable monocyclometalated gold(III) monoaryl structural motif are reported. Monochloro complexes of the type cis‐[(N^C)Au(C6H2(CF3)3)(Cl)] N^C=2‐phenylpyridine (ppy)] (1), [N^C=benzo[h]quinoline (bzq)] (2), [N^C=2‐(5‐Methyl‐2‐thienyl)pyridine (5m‐thpy)] (3) were successfully prepared in modest to good yields by reacting an excess of 2, 4, 6‐tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl lithium (LiFmes) with the corresponding dichloride complexes cis‐[(N^C)AuCl2]. Subsequent replacement of the chloride ligand in 1 with strong ligand field strength such as cyanide and terminal alkynes resulted in complexes of the type cis‐[(ppy)Au(Fmes)(R)] R=CN (4), I (5), CCC6H5 (6) and CCC6H4N(C6H5)‐p (7). Single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies of all the complexes except 7 were performed to further corroborate their chemical identity. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies of the uncommon cis configured aryl alkyne complex 7 confirmed the high stability of this complex. Detailed photophysical investigations carried out in solution at room temperature, at 77 K (2‐MeTHF) in rigidified media, solid state and 5 wt % PMMA revealed the phosphorescent nature of emission in these complexes. Additionally, their behavior was found to be governed based on both the nature of the cyclometalated ligand and the electronic properties of the ancillary ligands. Highly efficient interligand charge transfer in complex 7 provides access to a wide range of emission colors (solvent‐dependent) from deep blue to red with phosphorescence emission quantum yield of 30 % (441 nm) and 39 % (622 nm) in solution and solid state, respectively, and is the highest reported for any AuIII complexes. DFT and TDDFT calculations carried out further validated the observations and assignments based on the photophysical experimental findings.
Filling Carbon Nanotubes with Prussian Blue Nanoparticles of High Peroxidase‐Like Catalytic Activity for Colorimetric Chemo‐ and Biosensing
Authors: Wang Ting , Fu Yingchun , Chai Liyuan , Chao Long , Bu Lijuan , Meng Yue , Chen Chao , Ma Ming , Xie Qingji , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: January 2014

Facile filling of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) of high peroxidase‐like catalytic activity was performed to develop novel colorimetric sensing protocols for assaying H2O2 and glucose. Fine control of PBNP growth was achieved by modulating the concentration ratio of K3[Fe(CN)6] and FeSO4 precursors in an acidic solution containing ultrasonically dispersed MWCNTs, and thus size‐matched PBNPs could be robustly immobilized in the cavities of the MWCNTs (MWCNT‐PBin). Unlike other reported methods involving complicated procedures and rigorous preparation/separation conditions, this mild one‐pot filling method has advantages of easy isolation of final products by centrifugation, good retention of the pristine outer surface of the MWCNT shell, and satisfactory filling yield of (24±2) %. In particular, encapsulation of PBNPs of poor dispersibility and limited functionality in dispersible and multifunctional MWCNT shells creates new and valuable opportunities for quasihomogeneous‐phase applications of PB in liquid solutions. The MWCNT‐PBin nanocomposites were exploited as a peroxidase mimic for the colorimetric assay of H2O2 in solution by using 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as reporter, and they gave a linear absorbance response from 1 μM to 1.5 mM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 nM. Moreover, glucose oxidase (GOx) was anchored on the outer surface of MWCNT‐PBin to form GOx/MWCNT‐PBin bionanocomposites. The cooperation of outer‐surface biocatalysis with peroxidase‐like catalysis of interior PB resulted in a novel cooperative colorimetric biosensing mode for glucose assay. The use of GOx/MWCNT‐PBin for colorimetric biosensing of glucose gave a linear absorbance response from 1 μM to 1.0 mM and an LOD of 200 nM. The presented protocols may be extended to other multifunctional nanocomposite systems for broad applications in catalysis and biotechnology.
TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Modified with Cr‐Doped SrTiO3 Nanocubes for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution under Visible Light
Authors: Jiao Zhengbo , Zhang Yan , Chen Tao , Dong Qingsong , Lu Gongxuan , Bi Yingpu
Published: January 2014

In recent decades, solar‐driven hydrogen production over semiconductors has attracted tremendous interest owing to the global energy and environmental crisis. Among various semiconductor materials, TiO2 exhibits outstanding photocatalytic properties and has been extensively applied in diverse photocatalytic and photoelectric systems. However, two major drawbacks limit practical applications, namely, high charge‐recombination rate and poor visible‐light utilization. In this work, heterostructured TiO2 nanotube arrays grafted with Cr‐doped SrTiO3 nanocubes were fabricated by simply controlling the kinetics of hydrothermal reactions. It was found that coupling TiO2 nanotube arrays with regular SrTiO3 nanocubes can significantly improve the charge separation. Meanwhile, doping Cr cations into SrTiO3 nanocubes proved to be an effective and feasible approach to enhance remarkably the visible‐light response, which was also confirmed by theoretical calculations. As a result, the rate of photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution of these novel heteronanostructures is an order of magnitude larger than those of TiO2 nanotube arrays and other previously reported SrTiO3/TiO2 nanocomposites under visible‐light irradiation. Furthermore, the as‐prepared Cr‐doped SrTiO3/TiO2 heterostructures exhibit excellent durability and stability, which are favorable for practical hydrogen production and photoelectric nanodevices.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Fused Pyrroles through a Key Gold‐Catalysis‐Triggered Cascade
Authors: Zheng Zhitong , Tu Huangfei , Zhang Liming
Published: January 2014

A two‐step, one‐pot synthesis of fused pyrroles is realized by firstly condensing an N‐alkynylhydroxammonium salt with a readily enolizable ketone under mild basic conditions and then subjecting the reaction mixture to a gold catalyst, which triggers a cascade reaction involving a facile initial [3.3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement of the gold‐catalysis product, that is, an N,O‐dialkenylhydroxamine. The reaction provides a facile access to polycyclic pyrroles in moderate to good yields.
Simultaneous LC/ESI‐MS Separation Method for the Enantioseparation of Some New Anticonvulsant Drugs
Authors: Walczak Maria , Pekala Elzbieta , Waszkielewicz Anna M. , Marona Henryk
Published: January 2014

A sensitive and specific method for the simultaneous determination of the enantiomeric purity of 2,6‐dimethylphenoxyacetyl derivatives as trans or cis racemic and enantiomeric forms with 2‐ or 4‐aminocyclohexanol moiety (1, 2, 3, 6) and their amine analogs (8, 9) was developed. The compounds studied are known for their anticonvulsant activity and the most interesting pharmacological results were those for (±)‐trans‐2‐(2,6‐dimethylphenoxy)‐N‐(2‐hydroxycyclohexyl)acetamide (1) as well as (±)‐trans‐2‐[(2,6‐dimethylphenoxy)ethyl]aminocyclohexanol (8). The analytical method for determining the enantiomeric purity of the compounds studied is based on direct separation of the analytes using a chiral stationary phase (Chiralpak AS column). The mass spectrometric analysis was done on a coupled liquid chromatograph–mass spectrometer system with an electrospray ionization source (LC/ESI‐MS). For the compounds 1, 8, and 9, the method allows an excellent separation of enantiomers, with a resolution higher than 3.2, and a tailing factor of less than 1.67 with a final enantiomer purity better than 97.5%. Chirality 26:144–149, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of Process Parameters on the Nonaqueous Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Zimmermann Mandy , Garnweitner Georg
Published: January 2014

Die nichtwässrige Synthese von TiO2‐Nanopartikeln in Benzylalkohol in einem 1,5‐L‐Edelstahlreaktor wurde als Modellsystem hinsichtlich des Einflusses verschiedener Prozessparameter eingehend untersucht. Dabei konnte der Reaktionsverlauf mit der Entwicklung des Systemdruckes korreliert werden, da parallel zur Partikelbildung ein spontaner Druckanstieg durch die Freisetzung von Wasser erfolgt.
Assessing diagnostic accuracy improvement for survival or competing‐risk censored outcomes
Authors: Shi Haiwen , Cheng Yu , Li Jialiang
Published: January 2014

Diagnostic accuracy studies have progressed in the past decade to consider survival outcomes beyond the traditional dichotomous outcome. Another recent advance is the appearance of novel measures for diagnostic accuracy improvement by adding new markers. In this paper we attempt to integrate these two evolving areas and contribute a discussion on assessing diagnostic accuracy improvement for censored survival outcomes. More importantly, we consider competing‐risk censoring in addition to independent censoring, and provide inferential procedures. Particularly, we consider fitting regression models based on cumulative incidence functions for the primary event, and propose parallel estimators for the adapted accuracy improvement measures based on inverse probability weighting and bivariate cumulative incidence function estimation. Both estimators perform very well in simulations and in an application to a breast cancer study. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 42: 109–125; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada
Annual financial impact of well‐differentiated thyroid cancer care in the United States
Authors: Lubitz Carrie C. , Kong Chung Y. , McMahon Pamela M. , Daniels Gilbert H. , Chen Yufei , Economopoulos Konstantinos P. , Gazelle G. Scott , Weinstein Milton C.
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUND

Well‐differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) is a prevalent disease, which is increasing in incidence faster than any other cancer. Substantial direct medical care costs are related to the diagnosis and treatment of newly diagnosed patients as well as the ongoing surveillance of patients who have a long life expectancy. Prior analyses of the aggregate health care costs attributable to WDTC in the United States have not been reported.

METHODS

A stacked cohort cost analysis was performed on the US population from 1985 to 2013 to estimate the number of WDTC survivors in 2013. Incidence rates, and cancer‐specific and overall survival were based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. Current and projected direct medical care costs attributable to the care of patients with WDTC were then estimated. Health care–related costs and event probabilities were based on Medicare reimbursement schedules and the literature.

RESULTS

Estimated overall societal cost of WDTC care in 2013 for all US patients diagnosed after 1985 is $1.6 billion. Diagnosis, surgery, and adjuvant therapy for newly diagnosed patients (41%) constitutes the greatest proportion of costs, followed by surveillance of survivors (37%), and nonoperative death costs attributable to thyroid cancer care (22%). Projected 2030 costs (in 2013 US dollars) based on current incidence trends exceed $3.5 billion.

CONCLUSIONS

Health care costs of WDTC are substantial. Unlike other cancers, the majority of the cost is incurred in the initial and continuing phases of care. With the projected increasing incidence, population, and survival trends, costs will continue to escalate. Cancer 2014;120:1345–1352. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Lyons‐Pemantle‐Peres Monotonicity Problem for High Biases
Authors: Ben Arous Gérard , Fribergh Alexander , Sidoravicius Vladas
Published: January 2014

The speed v(β) of a β‐biased random walk on a Galton‐Watson tree without leaves is increasing for β ≥ 1160. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global Small Solutions to an MHD‐Type System: The Three‐Dimensional Case
Authors: Lin Fanghua , Zhang Ping
Published: January 2014

In this paper, we consider the global well‐posedness of a three‐dimensional incompressible MHD type system with smooth initial data that is close to some nontrivial steady state. It is a coupled system between the Navier‐Stokes equations and a free transport equation with a universal nonlinear coupling structure. The main difficulty of the proof lies in exploring the dissipative mechanism of the system due to the fact that there is a free transport equation of ϕ in the coupled equations and only the horizontal derivatives of ϕ is dissipative with respect to time. To achieve this, we first employ anisotropic Littlewood‐Paley analysis to establish the key L1(ℝ + ; Lip(ℝ3)) estimate to the third component of the velocity field. Then we prove the global well‐posedness to this system by the energy method, which depends crucially on the divergence‐free condition of the velocity field. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Communication efficient work distributions in stencil operation based applications
Authors: Schneible Joseph , Riha Lubomir , Malik Maria , El‐Ghazawi Tarek , Alexandru Andrei
Published: January 2014

In recent years, the use of accelerators in conjunction with CPUs, known as heterogeneous computing, has brought about significant performance increases for scientific applications. One of the best examples of this is lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD), a stencil operation based simulation. These simulations have a large memory footprint necessitating the use of many graphics processing units (GPUs) in parallel. This requires the use of a heterogeneous cluster with one or more GPUs per node. In order to obtain optimal performance, it is necessary to determine an efficient communication pattern between GPUs on the same node and between nodes. In this paper, we present a performance model based method for minimizing the communication time of applications with stencil operations, such as lattice QCD, on heterogeneous computing systems with a non‐blocking InfiniBand interconnection network. The proposed method is able to increase the performance of the most computationally intensive kernel of lattice QCD by 25% due to improved overlapping of communication and computation. We also demonstrate that the aforementioned performance model and efficient communication patterns can be used to determine a cost efficient heterogeneous system design for stencil operation based applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fgfr signaling is required as the early eye field forms to promote later patterning and morphogenesis of the eye
Authors: Atkinson‐Leadbeater K. , Hehr C.L. , Mcfarlane S.
Published: January 2014

Background: A major step in eye morphogenesis is the transition from optic vesicle to optic cup, which occurs as a ventral groove forms along the base of the optic vesicle. A ventral gap in the eye, or coloboma, results when this groove fails to close. Extrinsic signals, such as fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs), play a critical role in the development and morphogenesis of the vertebrate eye. Whether these extrinsic signals are required throughout eye development, or within a defined critical period remains an unanswered question. Results: Here we show that an early Fgf signal, required as the eye field is first emerging, drives eye morphogenesis. In addition to triggering coloboma, inhibition of this early Fgf signal results in defects in dorsal‐ventral patterning of the neural retina, particularly in the nasal retina, and development of the periocular mesenchyme (POM). These processes are unaffected by inhibition of Fgfr signaling at later time points. Conclusions: We propose that Fgfs act within an early critical period as the eye field forms to promote development of the neural retina and POM, which subsequently drive eye morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 243:663–675, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asymmetric neural development in the Caenorhabditis elegans olfactory system
Authors: Hsieh Yi‐Wen , Alqadah Amel , Chuang Chiou‐Fen
Published: January 2014

SUMMARY: Asymmetries in the nervous system have been observed throughout the animal kingdom. Deviations of brain asymmetries are associated with a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders; however, there has been limited progress in determining how normal asymmetry is established in vertebrates. In the Caenorhabditis elegans chemosensory system, two pairs of morphologically symmetrical neurons exhibit molecular and functional asymmetries. This review focuses on the development of antisymmetry of the pair of amphid wing “C” (AWC) olfactory neurons, from transcriptional regulation of general cell identity, establishment of asymmetry through neural network formation and calcium signaling, to the maintenance of asymmetry throughout the life of the animal. Many of the factors that are involved in AWC development have homologs in vertebrates, which may potentially function in the development of vertebrate brain asymmetry. genesis 52:544–554, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Ixodes minor and Borrelia carolinensis enzootic cycle involving a critically endangered Mojave Desert rodent
Authors: Foley Janet , Ott‐Conn Caitlin , Worth Joy , Poulsen Amanda , Clifford Deana
Published: January 2014

Microtus californicus scirpensis is an endangered, isolated subspecies of California vole. It requires water pools and riparian bulrush (Schoenoplectus americanus) and occupies some of the rarest habitat of any North American mammal. The minimally vegetated, extremely arid desert surrounding the pools is essentially uninhabitable for Ixodes species ticks. We describe an enzootic cycle of Borrelia carolinensis in Ixodes minor ticks at a site 3500 km distant from the region in which I. minor is known to occur in Tecopa Host Springs, Inyo County, eastern Mojave Desert, California. Voles were live‐trapped, and ticks and blood samples queried by PCR and DNA sequencing for identification and determination of the presence of Borrelia spp. Between 2011–2013, we found 21 Ixodes minor ticks (prevalence 4–8%) on Amargosa voles and Reithrodontomys megalotis. DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA from ticks yielded 99% identity to I. minor. There was 92% identity with I. minor in the calreticulin gene fragment. Three ticks (23.1%), 15 (24%) voles, three (27%) house mice, and one (7%) harvest mice were PCR positive for Borrelia spp. Sequencing of the 5S‐23S intergenic spacer region and flagellin gene assigned Amargosa vole Borrelia strains to B. carolinensis. Ixodes minor, first described in 1902 from a single Guatemalan record, reportedly occurs only in the southeast American on small mammals and birds. The source of this tick in the Mojave Desert and time scale for introduction is not known but likely via migratory birds. Borrelia strains in the Amargosa ecosystem most closely resemble B. carolinensis. B. carolinensis occurs in a rodent‐I. minor enzootic cycle in the southeast U.S. although its epidemiological significance for people or rodents is unknown. The presence of a tick and Borrelia spp. only known from southeast U.S. in this extremely isolated habitat on the other side of the continent is of serious concern because it suggests that the animals in the ecosystem could be vulnerable to further incursions of pathogens and parasites.
Ruthenium Acetate Cluster Amphiphiles and Their Langmuir–Blodgett Films for Electrochromic Switching Devices
Authors: Naidek Karine P. , Hoffmeister Denize M. , Pazinato Jaqueline , Westphal Eduard , Gallardo Hugo , Nakamura Marcelo , Araki Koiti , Toma Henrique E. , Winnischofer Herbert
Published: January 2014

We synthesized a long‐chain phenylazopyridine ligand and used it to obtain three new amphiphilic trinuclear ruthenium acetate clusters. The amphiphilicity and anisometric form of the long‐chain ligand allowed the complexes to self‐assemble at the liquid–air interface and enabled their deposition by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. We obtained the linear complex [Ru3O(C2H3O2)6(py)2L]+ [L = 4‐(4‐dodecyloxyphenylazo)pyridine, py = pyridine], which was more stable than the triangular [Ru3O(C2H3O2)6L3]+ and more suitable for application in electrochromic switching devices, as attested by its fast switching and optical changes in the near‐IR region. Indeed, our electrochromic device remained stable for hundreds of switching cycles.
Copper(I) Complexes of Phenanthro‐Annulated N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis and Transmetalation Reactions
Authors: Mormul Jaroslaw , Steimann Manfred , Nagel Ulrich
Published: January 2014

Copper(I) complexes with phenanthro‐annulated N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands were prepared by reaction of imidazolium salts with copper(I) oxide. Transmetalation of the copper complexes with [RhCl(cod)]2 in usual solvents like CH2Cl2 led to an equilibrium between the reactants and the products. For rhodium complexes 4 and 5 this equilibrium could be shifted to the product side by carrying out the reaction in acetonitrile. The ester functionalized rhodium complex 6 was prepared in a two phase mixture of chloroform and aqueous CaCl2 starting from copper complex 3c. The rhodium complexes were characterized by NMR and X‐ray measurements.
Effect of breading and battering ingredients on performance of frying oils*
Authors: Lazarick Kelsey , Aladedunye Felix , Przybylski Roman
Published: January 2014

The effect of pre‐formed lipid hydroperoxides, breading, and battering ingredients on pigment formation and thermo‐oxidative degradation of oil during institutional frying was evaluated. The food ingredients were fried intermittently in canola oil heated for 8 h daily over 4 consecutive days at 185 ± 5°C. Color component formation, total polar components (TPC), and tocopherols were measured. Glycine‐enriched whey protein fried in 1% oxidized canola oil contributed most significantly to oil darkening with a rate ten times that of the control sample. Using whey protein as a base for battering caused the most significant color changes and thermo‐oxidative deterioration. Glucose and glycine are two minor ingredients that also contribute to color formation in oil. Breading materials were prone to cause a more significant amount of oil deterioration when compared to battering ingredients most likely due to excess loose breading particles falling into the oil during frying.

Practical applications: The present study evaluated the effect of some components of food coatings on the stability and pigment formation of the frying oil. The results suggest the need to optimize the protein component of coating materials and ensure that the amounts of loose particles on breaded products are adequately minimized. This information will assist institutional frying operators and other relevant industries in product development and food preparation with the view of optimizing performance of the frying oil.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of (S)‐8‐Hydroxy‐3‐[(S)‐2′‐hydroxypentyl]‐6‐methoxyisochroman‐1‐one, (S)‐3‐Hydroxy‐3‐[(S)‐2′‐hydroxypentyl]‐6,8‐dimethoxyisochroman‐1‐one, and Their Epimers
Authors: Kumaraswamy Gullapalli , Ankamma Kukkadapu , Raghu Nimmakayala , RamBabu Dasa
Published: January 2014

The total synthesis of (S)‐8‐hydroxy‐3‐[(S)‐2′‐hydroxypentyl]‐6‐methoxyisochroman‐1‐one, (S)‐3‐hydroxy‐3‐[(S)‐2′‐hydroxypentyl]‐6,8‐dimethoxyisochroman‐1‐one, and their epimers has been successfully achieved. The key reactions include a catalytic enantioselective asymmetric epoxidation to introduce the chirality, and an Alder–Rickert reaction for the construction of the substituted phenyl ring.
Salt‐Free Preparation of Trimethylsilyl Ethers by B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Transfer Silylation by Using a Me3SiH Surrogate
Authors: Simonneau Antoine , Friebel Jonas , Oestreich Martin
Published: January 2014

An unprecedented transfer silylation of alcohols catalyzed by the strong Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 is described. Gaseous Me3SiH is released in situ by B(C6F5)3‐catalyzed decomposition of 3‐trimethylsilylcyclohexa‐1,4‐diene and subsequently reacts with an alcohol in a dehydrogenative Si–O coupling promoted by the same boron catalyst. Benzene and dihydrogen are formed during the reaction, but no salt waste is. This expedient protocol is applicable to several silicon groups, and the preparation of trimethylsilyl ethers presented here is potentially useful for alcohol derivatization prior to GLC analysis.
Effect of conditions for preparation of cyclized polyacrylonitrile sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles on visible‐light photocatalysis and photo absorbance property
Authors: Li Xueyan , Li Xiaoyun , Luo Qingzhi , Wang Desong , An Jing , Li Xiaoxia
Published: January 2014

Cyclized polyacrylonitrile (CPAN) sensitized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared by dip method. Photocatalysis and photo absorbance property of TiO2/CPAN were measured. The photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites was evaluated by decomposition of an ordinary dye Reactive Brilliant Red X‐3B in an aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. Results show that TiO2/CPAN nanocomposites with CPAN content of 0.5% have the highest photocatalytic activity. The optimum cyclized temperature is 300°C, and cyclized time is 1 h. Ultraviolet‐visible diffuse reflectance spectra indicate the photo absorbance property of TiO2/CPAN nanoparticles in the range of visible light is higher than that of TiO2 nanoparticles. Fluorescence spectra indicate that introduction of trace CPAN onto TiO2 nanoparticles can efficiently decrease the recombination probability of photo‐generated electrons and holes, so the visible light photocatalysis of TiO2/CPAN nanocomposites is significantly improved. The morphology and microstructure of TiO2 and TiO2/CPAN nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Results show that the size of TiO2/CPAN nanocomposites is similar to that of TiO2 nanoparticles. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 32–38, 2015
Adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution onto different kinds of modified bentonites
Authors: Zhang Sen , Yang Jian , Xin Xiaodong , Yan Liangguo , Wei Qin , Du Bin
Published: January 2014

Chromium(VI) removal is important for wastewater treatment, and adsorption is an efficient treatment process. In this paper, natural bentonite was exchanged to sodium bentonite (Na‐Bent) by adding NaCl. Hydroxy‐alumina pillared bentonite (OH‐Al‐Bent), octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride modified bentonite (OTMAC‐Bent) and organic‐inorganic pillared bentonite (OTMAC‐OH‐Al‐Bent) were prepared via exchange reaction and then characterized through FTIR and BET measuring. Batch experiments were conducted on adsorption of Cr(VI) by the prepared modified bentonites. The results showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) by Na‐Bent and natural bentonite was neglected due to their weak adsorption performance. The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) on OH‐Al‐Bent was much lower than on OTMAC‐Bent and OTMAC‐OH‐Al‐Bent. The adsorption isotherms of Cr(VI) by OTMAC‐OH‐Al‐Bent and OTMAC‐Bent both fit well with Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption model and the adsorption kinetics data of Cr(VI) fit well with the pseudo‐second‐order model. The adsorption efficiency was over 90%, suggesting that OTMAC‐OH‐Al‐Bent and OTMAC‐Bent were excellent adsorbents for effective Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 39–46, 2015
A miniaturized solid contact test with Arthrobacter globiformis for the assessment of the environmental impact of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Engelke Maria , Köser Jan , Hackmann Stephan , Zhang Huanjun , Mädler Lutz , Filser Juliane
Published: January 2014

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely applied for their antibacterial activity. Their increasing use in consumer products implies that they will find their way into the environment via wastewater-treatment plants. The aim of the present study was to compare the ecotoxicological impact of 2 differently designed AgNPs using the solid contact test for the bacterial strain Arthrobacter globiformis. In addition, a miniaturized version of this test system was established, which requires only small-sized samples because AgNPs are produced in small quantities during the design level. The results demonstrate that the solid contact test can be performed in 24-well microplates and that the miniaturized test system fulfills the validity criterion. Soils spiked with AgNPs showed a concentration-dependent reduction of Arthrobacter dehydrogenase activity for both AgNPs and Ag ions (Ag+). The toxic effect of the investigated AgNPs on the bacterial viability differed by 1 order of magnitude and can be related to the release of dissolved Ag+. The release of dissolved Ag+ can be attributed to particle size and surface area or to the fact that AgNPs are in either metallic or oxide form. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1142–1147. © 2014 SETAC