bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Retrieval of Taste Associative Memory by Chemogenetic Activation of Locus Coeruleus Norepinephrine Neurons
Authors: Fukabori Ryoji , Iguchi Yoshio , Kato Shigeki , Takahashi Kazumi , Eifuku Satoshi , Tsuji Shingo , Hazama Akihiro , Uchigashima Motokazu , Watanabe Masahiko , Mizuma Hiroshi , Cui Yilong , Onoe Hirotaka , Hikishima Keigo , Yasoshima Yasunobu , Osanai Makoto , Inagaki Ryo , Fukunaga Kohji , Nishijo Takuma , Momiyama Toshihiko , Benton Richard , Kobayashi Kazuto
Published: September 2020

The ability of animals to retrieve memories stored in response to the environment is essential for behavioral adaptation. Norepinephrine (NE)-containing neurons in the brain play a key role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity underlying various processes of memory formation. However, the role of the central NE system in memory retrieval remains unclear. Here, we developed a novel chemogenetic activation strategy exploiting insect olfactory ionotropic receptors (IRs), termed “IR-mediated neuronal activation,” and used it for selective stimulation of NE neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC).Drosophila melanogasterIR84a and IR8a subunits were expressed in LC NE neurons in transgenic mice. Application of phenylacetic acid (a specific ligand for the IR84a/IR8a complex) at appropriate doses induced excitatory responses of NE neurons expressing the receptors in both slice preparations andin vivoelectrophysiological conditions, resulting in a marked increase of NE release in the LC nerve terminal regions (male and female). Ligand-induced activation of LC NE neurons enhanced the retrieval process of conditioned taste aversion without affecting taste sensitivity, general arousal state, and locomotor activity. This enhancing effect on taste memory retrieval was mediated, in part, through α1- and β-adrenergic receptors in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA; male). Pharmacological inhibition of LC NE neurons confirmed the facilitative role of these neurons in memory retrieval via adrenergic receptors in the BLA (male). Our findings indicate that the LC NE system, through projections to the BLA, controls the retrieval process of taste associative memory.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNorepinephrine (NE)-containing neurons in the brain play a key role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity underlying various processes of memory formation, but the role of the NE system in memory retrieval remains unclear. We developed a chemogenetic activation system based on insect olfactory ionotropic receptors and used it for selective stimulation of NE neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) in transgenic mice. Ligand-induced activation of LC NE neurons enhanced the retrieval of conditioned taste aversion, which was mediated, in part, through adrenoceptors in the basolateral amygdala. Pharmacological blockade of LC activity confirmed the facilitative role of these neurons in memory retrieval. Our findings indicate that the LC–amygdala pathway plays an important role in the recall of taste associative memory.
TARPs Modulate Receptor-Mediated Paired-Pulse Depression and Recovery from Desensitization
Authors: Devi Suma Priya Sudarsana , Cheng Yiru , Tomita Susumu , Howe James R. , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2020

Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) are auxiliary AMPA receptor subunits that play a key role in receptor trafficking and in modulating receptor gating. The ability of TARPs to slow both deactivation and desensitization is isoform specific. However, TARP isoform-specific modulation of receptor properties remains uncharacterized. Here, we compare the isoform-specific effects of γ–2, γ–3, γ–4, and γ–8 TARPs on recovery from desensitization and responses to pairs of brief applications of glutamate. All four isoforms were able to reduce receptor-mediated paired-pulse depression and significantly speed recovery from desensitization in an isoform-specific manner. In the presence of TARPs, recovery time courses were observed to contain two components, fast and slow. The proportion of fast and slow components was determined by the TARP isoform. The time constant of recovery was also altered by the duration of glutamate application. When studies with TARP chimeras were performed, TARP extracellular loops were found to play a vital role in TARP modulation of recovery. Thus, isoform-specific differences in TARP modulation of recovery from desensitization influence receptor responses to repeated brief applications of glutamate, and these differences may impact frequency-dependent synaptic signaling in the mammalian central nervous system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAMPA receptors are major determinants of excitatory synaptic strength. The channel kinetics of AMPA receptors contribute to the kinetics of synaptic transmission. Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) auxiliary subunits can modulate the decay kinetics of AMPA receptors. However, whether TARP isoforms specifically modulate receptor recovery is unclear. Here, we investigated the recovery kinetics of AMPA receptors by expressing various TARP isoforms and chimeras. We observed that the TARP isoforms and duration of glutamate application uniquely modulate time constants and the proportion of fast and slow components through a previously unidentified TARP domain. Given the impact of recovery kinetics on receptor responses to repetitive stimulation such as synaptic transmission, this work will be of great interest in the field of excitatory synaptic transmission research.
Application of The Chain Code and Fourier Analysis Techniques for The Investigation of Wrinkles and Distortions on Early Flames
Authors: Abd Aziz Abd Rashid , Hagos Ftwi Yohaness , Anbese Yohannes T , Heikal Morgan R , Firmansyah Firmansyah
Published: September 2020

The study of flame commencement and growth in SI engine has attracted the attention of many researchers due to its strong dependence to the in-cylinder flow and its capability to influence flame propagation characteristics in SI engines. Optical visualisation has been one of the prominent techniques utilized in this study of the early flame properties. This work shows the application of Elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA) and image processing tools for the investigation of the early flame details from its shape features. An endoscopic ICCD camera was used to capture the flame images, at an interval of 2° CA starting from ignition onset for a period of 30° CAs (about 3 ms), from a CNG DI single cylinder SI engine operation in stratified and homogeneous charge conditions. The intake configuration was adjusted to acquire tumble or swirl induction, and engine speed was made to vary between 1500 and 2100 rpm. The sequences of collected images were processed to investigate wrinkles, distortion and growth rate of the early flame within the 3 ms combustion duration. Some tools of image processing, such as intensity enhancement, filtering, thresholding and boundary tracing, were applied. Once the flame boundary identified, it was chain coded, and elliptic Fourier function was utilised to characterise the contour. For this purpose, a computer programming code was proposed by the authors for automatic processing of the flame image data. The application of the elliptic Fourier analysis was found useful in the investigation of the early flame characteristics from its shape features; led to the portrayal of wrinkles and distortion levels quantitatively in a simpler way.
Machining Performance Investigation of AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel under Different Turning Environments
Authors: Singh Talwinder , Dureja J. S. , Dogra Manu , Bhatti Manpreet S.
Published: September 2020

Environment friendly machining calls for minimizing the use of cutting fluids to reduce their negative impact on environment and operator health. Present experimental work is aimed to investigate machining performance of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel with PVD coated carbide tool under different turning environments viz. dry, flooded and nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NF-MQL). Optimum turning parameters obtained through desirability function optimisation are found as: cutting speed of 160.67 m/min, feed of 0.06 mm/rev and depth of cut of 0.25 mm with predicted tool flank wear of 100.001 μm and surface roughness of 0.509 μm at 0.808 desirability level. Confirmation tests show 3.22% and 3.41% error between predicted and experimental values of Vb and Ra, respectively. Present study has established the superiority of NF-MQL machining over dry and flooded machining. The most salient achievement of this investigation is the reduction of tool flank wear by 32.26% under NF-MQL machining compared to dry machining and 9.68% compared to flooded machining conditions. Similarly, NF-MQL exhibits improvement in surface finish by 34.72% and 7.59% over dry and flooded coolant environments respectively, thus providing a strong basis to replace flooded coolant machining for sustainable future.
Investigation on Vehicle Dynamic Behaviour During Emergency Braking at Different Speed
Authors: Zulhilmi I. M. , Peeie M.H. , Eiman R. I. M. , Izhar I.M. , Asyraf S.M.
Published: September 2020

Safety system of the vehicle can be divided into two main categories; passive and active safety system. The purpose of the passive safety system is to protect the occupant during an accident, while active safety system allows the vehicle to be manoeuvred to avoid any collision. Although active safety system can prevent the accident, in a critical situation such as emergency braking, the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle changes abruptly, and the vehicle becomes unstable. The objective of this study is to analyse the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle during emergency braking with and without anti-lock braking system (ABS). In this study, the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle is observed by the simulation model that has been developed in the MATLAB-Simulink. The analysis vehicle model is Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) test car, model Proton Persona. During braking, when ABS control unit detect the wheel is to lock-up, the hydraulic control unit closed the hydraulic valve to release the brake pad on the wheel. This allows the wheel to spin intermittently during braking. From the simulation results, when ABS is not applied to the vehicle, the front tires were lock-up and the vehicle become skidding. However, when ABS is applied, the speed of all tires decreased gradually and the vehicle is not skidding. The simulation results also show that the stopping distance with ABS is improved 28% compared without ABS.
The Influence of Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar AZ31 and AZ91 Magnesium Alloys on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties
Authors: Mohamed N. S. , Alias J.
Published: September 2020

Joining of magnesium alloys was successfully performed by friction stir welding (FSW) technique. This study was aimed in characterizing the microstructure developed after the FSW and its influence on the mechanical properties. The developed microstructure was observed by using optical microscopy, from the cross-sectional side of welded sample. In this study, FSWed of two dissimilar magnesium (Mg) alloy sheets with low aluminum (AZ31) and high aluminum (AZ91) content were successfully conducted at varied welding speed of 60, 80 and 100 mm/min and tools rotational rate of 800, 1000 and 1200 rpm. The microstructure consists of fine and equiaxed recrystallized grain structure especially at the stir zones. The result of the tensile test indicated that the grain size variation of the joint showed an effect on the mechanical properties and fracture location of the joint. An increasing trend of hardness profile revealed more amount of dissolution of aluminum at the stir zone. From the result, FSW can be concluded as effective joining technique for dissimilar magnesium alloys and produced a defect free joint.
Computational analysis to predict the effect of pre-bifurcation stenosis on the hemodynamics of the internal and external carotid arteries
Authors: Bouteloup Hugo , Marinho Johann Guimaraes de Oliveira , Chatpun Surapong , Espino Daniel M.
Published: September 2020

This study assessed the hemodynamics of a patient-specific multiple stenosed common carotid artery including its bifurcation into internal and external carotid arteries; ICA and ECA, respectively. A three-dimensional computational model of the common carotid artery was reconstructed using a process of segmentation. Computational fluid dynamics was applied with the assumption that blood is Newtonian and incompressible under pulsatile conditions through the stenotic artery and subsequent bifurcation. Blood was modelled as ‘normal’ and ‘hyperglycaemic’. A region of large recirculation was found to form at bifurcation. The asymmetric velocity flow profile through the ICA was evident through the cardiac cycle with higher velocity at the inner walls of ICA. Hyperglycaemia was found to increase wall shear stresses on the carotid artery and reduce the blood velocity by as much as 4 times in ECA. In conclusion, hemodynamics in ICA and ECA are not equally affected by stenosis, with hyperglycaemic blood potentially providing additional complications to the clinical case.
Life cycle analysis of hybrid oil palm/glass fibre-reinforced polyurethane composites for automotive crash box
Authors: Yusof N.S.B. , Sapuan S.M. , Sultan M.T.H. , Jawaid M.
Published: September 2020

Currently, the world is getting more poisonous due to the toxic contaminated and wastewater release from the industries activities. The designers should analyse the effect to the environmental and human health, prior starting any manufacturing and fabricating process. This technique able to optimize the company profit and reduced unnecessary cost by predict any consequences and do correction step before the problem emerge for every action taken. Therefore, this paper aim to provide the evidence that the selection of material and manufacturing process used to fabricate ACB has minimum impact on the environment and human health. A few methods can be used to calculate the environmental damage assessment such as network, compare and uncertainty analysis. In this study, analyse calculation method selected to predict the environmental impact. The results for the damage to human health analysis only contribute 0.0125 DALY, analysis results for the hazardous elements such as methane, trichlorofluoromethane and Chlorofluorocarbons produced during the fabrication process only 1.32 x 10-9 DALY. Besides, the major damage elements to ecosystem quality results only contribute 1.97 x 10-4 species.yr. Therefore, the remarkable results show that the process and material selection to fabricate ACB are very low which was below than 0.1 DALY. Moreover, damage assessment for the terrestrial ecotoxicity of pulforming process using oil palm natural/glass fibre reinforced polyurethane composite only contributed 1.13 × 10−10 (species.year). Consequently, the process could not damage the human health and indicates that the process is environmentally friendly and safe for the ecosystem.
Effect of dome size on flow dynamics in saccular aneurysms – A numerical study
Authors: Nayak H. S. Sathvik , Kumar Nitesh , Khader S. M. A. , Pai Raghuvir
Published: September 2020

Image-based Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations of anatomical models of human arteries are gaining clinical relevance in present days. In this study, CFD is used to study flow behaviour and hemodynamic parameters in aneurysms, with a focus on the effect of geometric variations in the aneurysm models on the flow dynamics. A computational phantom was created using a 3D modelling software to mimic a spherical aneurysm. Hemodynamic parameters were obtained and compared with the available literature to validate. Further, flow dynamics is studied by varying the dome size of the aneurysm from 3.75 mm to 6.25 mm with an increment of 0.625 mm keeping the neck size constant. The aneurysm is assumed to be located at a bend in the arterial system. Computational analysis of the flow field is performed by using Navier – Stokes equation for laminar flow of incompressible, Newtonian fluid. Parameters such as velocity, pressure, wall shear stress (WSS), vortex structure are studied. It was observed that the location of the flow separation and WSS vary significantly with the geometry of the aneurysm. The reduction of WSS inside the aneurysm is higher at the larger dome sizes for constant neck size.
Preparation, stability and wettability of nanofluid: A review
Authors: Safiei W. , Rahman M.M. , Yusoff A.R. , Radin M.R.
Published: September 2020

Nanofluids possess many advantages over conventional working fluid especially in physical, thermal and rheology properties. Nowadays, nanofluids have been applied extensively in many engineering applications in enhancing the overall performance. Preparation and characterization of nanofluids are vital as the nanomaterials have significant effects on the dispersion and stability of nanofluids. On the other hand, there is a trend to employ more than a single nanoparticle for preparing nanofluid. The hybrid nanofluid receives wide attention due to its capability in improving the thermal-physical properties of single phase nanofluids. In this paper, the flow of formulating nanofluid from preparation method, characterization, wettability analysis and stability techniques are discussed comprehensively. Furthermore, the challenges for obtaining stable suspension and wettability behaviour of nanofluids are discussed as well. The main objective when preparing the nanofluids is to obtain a well-dispersed nanoparticle into the base fluid. Based on the literature review, the impact of surfactant on the stability and the correlation between nanofluids wettability and thermal-physical properties of nanofluids have great potential to discover. There are some aspects that can be considered to expand the knowledge of nanofluids such as the composition ratio of hybrid nanofluid with regards to achieving the best stability and wettability study of hybrid nanofluid with and without surfactant in the suspension. Therefore, a lot of research should be conducted in order to explore the behaviour of nanofluid and the effect of various surfactants in terms of stability as well as its thermal and viscosity effect on the engineering applications.
The Effect of Experience, Independence, and Gender on Auditor Professional Scepticism with Professional Ethics as Moderating
Authors: Ratna Tuti Dewi , Anisykurlillah Indah
Published: September 2020

This study is aimed to analyze some factors that affect the scepticism of professional auditor. These factors are experience, independence, gender, and professional ethics. Population of this research were 347 auditors who work at the public accounting firm in Central Java and Yogyakarta. Sampling technique used convenience sampling and obtained sample of 83 auditors. For collecting data, the writer used questionnaires. The method of analyzing data was descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis with IBM SPSS version 21 application. The statistical method used to examine the hypothesis was Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of this study indicate that the experience of auditors, gender, and professional ethics have a significant effect on auditor professional scepticism. While independence, interaction of experience and professional ethics, interaction of independence and professional ethics, as well as the interaction of gender and professional ethics have no significant effect on professional scepticism of auditors. The conclusion of this study is the need for experience, independence, and high ethical awareness for male and female auditors to remain sceptical in every audit practice.
The Influence of Islamic Corporate Governance on The Performance of Maqashid Sharia in Sharia Banking in Indonesia
Authors: Safitri Ria , Mukhibad Hasan
Published: September 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) that consist of Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) which is measured using education level, ratio of independent commissioners, and board of director meetings on maqashid sharia performance. The population in this study was Islamic Bank listed on the Financial Services Authority (FSA) in 2013-2018 as many as 11 Islamic Banks. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling method and obtained as many as 54 units of analysis. Data collection used documentation technique. The analytical method used in this study was panel data regressions using Eviews 9. The results of the study indicate that Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) which is measured using education level, ratio of independent commissioners, and board of director meeting of board do not have effect on maqashid sharia performance. The conclusion of this research is that maqashid sharia performance of Indonesian Islamic Bank just 34.138 %, that means maqashid sharia has not been a target priority in Indonesian Islamic Bank. Thus, the factors examined have not been optimized yet for achieving the goal of sharia (maqashid sharia).
Daily exposure to phthalates and alkylphenols alters miR biogenesis and expression in mice ovaries
Authors: Patiño-García Daniel , Cruz-Fernandes Leonor , Buñay Julio , Orellana Renán , Moreno Ricardo D
Published: September 2020

Reproductive hormone imbalance in infertile women is correlated to high levels of phthalates and alkylphenols, which are among endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Previous studies have shown that they interfere with gene expression by deregulating levels of microRNAs (miRs), small non-coding RNAs targeting mRNAs encoding enzymes in the hormone biosynthesis pathway. However, this effect depends on the target organ, dose and whether or not they are alone or in mixtures. Our goal was to study whether the biosynthesis, and a specific group of miRs targeting mRNAs encoding enzymes in steroid hormone biosynthesis, are deregulated in the ovaries of female mice chronically exposed to a mixture of three phthalates (DEHP+DBP+BBP) and two alkylphenols (NP+OP) at a human environmentally relevant dose. We performed qPCR and Western blot assays along with a bioinformatics approach and found that this mixture modified the biogenesis machinery of miRs, inducing an increase in the mRNA levels of Drosha and Dicer1 and DROSHA protein levels. In addition, we found changes in the precursor and mature forms of miR-96-5p, miR-200b-3p, miR-365-3p, miR-378a-3p and miR-503-5p which target steroidogenic pathway enzymes. Finally, using primary granulosa cell culture, we confirmed that miR-200b-3p targets Cyp19a1, transcript encoding CYP19A1, the enzyme that produces estradiol (E2). These results indicate that chronic exposure to phthalates and alkylphenols mixture alters the biogenesis of ovary miRs and increases the expression of miRs implicated in the control of steroidal hormone synthesis in female mice, thus contributing to reproductive pathologies.
Prenatal androgen exposure affects ovarian lipid metabolism and steroid biosynthesis in rats
Authors: Abruzzese Giselle Adriana , Heber Maria Florencia , Ferreira Silvana Rocío , Ferrer María José , Motta Alicia Beatriz
Published: September 2020

Prenatal androgen exposure affects reproductive functions and has been proposed as an underlying cause of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of prenatal androgen exposure on ovarian lipid metabolism and to deepen our understanding of steroidogenesis regulation during adulthood. Pregnant rats were hyperandrogenized with testosterone and female offspring were studied when adult. This treatment leads to two different phenotypes: irregular ovulatory and anovulatory animals. Our results showed that prenatally hyperandrogenized (PH) animals displayed altered lipid and hormonal profile together with alterations in steroidogenesis and ovarian lipid metabolism. Moreover, PH animals showed alterations in the PPARg system, impaired mRNA levels of cholesterol receptors (Ldlr and Srb1) and decreased expression of the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo cholesterol production (Hmgcr). Anovulatory PH animals presented an increase of ovarian cholesteryl esters levels and lipid peroxidation index. Together with alterations in cholesterol metabolism, we found an impairment of the steroidogenic pathway in PH animals in a phenotype-specific manner. Regarding fatty acid metabolism, our results showed, in PH animals, an altered expression of Srebp1 and Atgl, which are involved in fatty acid metabolism and triglycerides hydrolysis, respectively. In conclusion, fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, which are key players in steroidogenesis acting as a source of energy and substrate for steroid production, were affected in animals exposed to androgens during gestation. These results suggest that prenatal androgen exposure leads to long-term effects that affect ovary lipid metabolism and ovarian steroid formation from the very first steps.
Inflammatory Response after Different Ablation Strategies for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Yin Guangli , Ma Bofei , Zhou Bolun , Wu Jinglan , You Ling , Xie Ruiqin
Published: September 2020

Background: Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) has been gaining popularity; however, the trend of inflammatory response markers in patients treated with different catheter ablation strategies over time and their predictability of AF recurrence remain unknown.
Methods: A total of 210 patients with AF were enrolled and grouped according to surgical mode as follows: freeze group, RF group, and freeze3D group. The subjects were tested for related indexes before and after surgery. To determine AF recurrence during follow up, 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography was performed at two, three, six, and 12 months after surgery.
Results: The inflammation indexes of the three groups peaked between one and three days after surgery but fell at different time points (P < .05). The recurrence rate of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) was positively correlated with the increase in the percentage of white blood cells and neutrophils after surgery (P < .05).
Conclusions: The postoperative inflammation indices peaked and fell at different time points after different catheter ablation methods. In addition, the recurrence rate of AF in patients treated with freeze3D is lower.
Zero Waste Accounting for Islamic Financial Institutions in Indonesia and Its Role in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Syamlan Yaser Taufik , Mukhlisin Murniati
Published: September 2020

This study aims to propose a model of Zero Waste Accounting in Islamic Financial Institutions in Indonesia and how it is relevant to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).  Due to the nature of the research that is exploration thus the research adopts interpretative approach that is essential to validate the research with “convincingness” approach rather than positivist measures of the reliability, validity of data and the generalization of results. The finding documents that Zero Waste Accounting is in vein with the spirit of Maqashid ul-Shariah that has been embedded as a part of the purpose of Islamic financial institution establishment. Statement of Sources and Uses of Zero Waste Accounting should become one of the additional disclosures. The paper sheds a light the need on Zero Waste Accounting for the accounting standard setters.JEL Classification: G20, G52, Q56How to Cite:Syamlan, Y. T., & Mukhlisin, M. (2020). Zero Waste Accounting in Islamic Financial Institutions in Indonesia and Its Role in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(2), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i2.15538.
Arrangements of Employer-Labor Conflicts With Game Theory: Implementation of Islamic Ethic Value
Authors: Najma Siti , Razali Ramadhan , Desky Harjoni
Published: September 2020

Employer-labor conflicts are sometimes eternal and challenging to solve. Game theory is one of the essential ideas in settling these conflicts. Furthermore, employer-labor interactions in conflict situations are strategic. In case the employer-labor relationship is non-cooperative, taking place only once, both parties are involved in a prisoner's dilemma situation. In cooperative game theory, the players work together to win the game. Organizational management needs to consider strategic behavior, built-in cooperative games, effective and efficient collaboration between workers and employers. This study examines employer-labor conflict resolution with game theory. It incorporates Islamic ethical values using qualitative research methods. Cooperative games built on employer-labor relations derive from the brotherhood principles (ukhuwah), justice ('adl), and goodness (ihsan) that maximizes cooperation and prevent conflicts.JEL Classification: C70, J01, Z12How to Cite:Najma, S., Ramadhan., & Desky, H. (2020). Arrangements of Employer-Labor Conflicts with Game Theory: Implementation of Islamic Ethic Value. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(2), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i2.15614.
Economic Turmoil in Islamic Banking Investment
Authors: Budiandru Budiandru , Yuniarti Sari
Published: September 2020

Investment financing is one of the operational activities of Islamic banking to encourage the real sector. This study aims to analyze the effect of economic turmoil on investment financing, analyze the response to investment financing, and analyze each variable's contribution in explaining the diversity of investment financing. This study uses monthly time series data from 2009 to 2020 using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) analysis. The results show that the exchange rate, inflation, and interest rates significantly affect Islamic banking investment financing in the long term. The response to investment financing is the fastest to achieve stability when it responds to shocks to the composite stock price index. Inflation is the most significant contribution in explaining diversity in investment financing. Islamic banking should increase the proportion of funding for investment. Customers can have a larger business scale to encourage economic growth, with investment financing increasing.JEL Classification: E22, G11, G24How to Cite:Budiandru., & Yuniarti, S. (2020). Economic Turmoil in Islamic Banking Investment. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(2), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i2.17206.
Interferon-γ Release Assays for Tuberculosis Infection Diagnosis in Refugees <5 Years Old
Authors: Wendorf Kristen A. , Lowenthal Phil , Feraud Jenna , Cabanting Nuny , Murto Christine
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:

New guidelines support using interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) in children ≥2 years for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, lack of experience in young children and concern that IGRAs are less sensitive than tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) limit their use. Our aim was to identify active tuberculosis (TB) cases among high risk children <5 years and tested for LTBI with an IGRA.

METHODS:

. Retrospective review of domestic TB screening data from California’s Refugee Health Electronic Information System for children <5 years old who resettled in California between October, 2013 and December, 2016. Children were crossmatched with the California TB registry to identify cases of TB disease between October 2013 and December 2018.

RESULTS:

A total of 3371 children <5 years were identified; the majority were born in countries with high TB incidence (>150 cases per 100 000). Half received IGRAs (n = 1878; 56%), a quarter received TSTs (n = 811; 24%); 1.4% of children were IGRA-positive (n = 26) and 13% were TST-positive (n = 106). Twenty-two IGRA results were indeterminate (1.2%). Sixteen children had both tests; 9 were discrepant (positive TST with negative IGRA). No cases of TB disease were identified during 10 797 person-years of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:

IGRA positivity was less than TST positivity in high risk children <5 years old. Despite fewer LTBI diagnoses in the IGRA-tested population, no cases of TB disease among children who tested negative were identified, suggesting IGRA is valuable tool for identifying LTBI in this population.
A Complicated Case of Vaccine Refusal
Authors: Rossi Rebecca , Rellosa Neil , Miller Robin , Schultz Corinna L. , Miller Jonathan M. , Berman Loren , Miller Elissa G.
Published: September 2020

Parents in the United States have a legal right to refuse vaccination for their children. There are, however, special circumstances under which the state may compel vaccination against parental wishes. In this Ethics Rounds article, we present the case of a young boy with sickle cell disease who was partially vaccinated against encapsulated bacteria and the ethics of whether to compel complete vaccination before splenectomy.
Congestion and Diuretic Resistance in Acute or Worsening Heart Failure
Authors: Kristjánsdóttir Ingibjörg , Thorvaldsen Tonje , Lund Lars H
Published: September 2020

Hospitalisation for acute heart failure (AHF) is associated with high mortality and high rehospitalisation rates. In the absence of evidence-based therapy, treatment is aimed at stabilisation and symptom relief. The majority of AHF patients have signs and symptoms of fluid overload, and, therefore, decongestion is the number one treatment goal. Diuretics are the cornerstone of therapy in AHF, but the treatment effect is challenged by diuretic resistance and poor diuretic response throughout the spectrum of chronic to worsening to acute to post-worsening HF. Adequate dosing and monitoring and evaluation of diuretic effect are important for treatment success. Residual congestion at discharge is a strong predictor of worse outcomes. Therefore, achieving euvolaemia is crucial despite transient worsening renal function.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Vescovo Giovanni Maria , Zivelonghi Carlo , Scott Benjamin , Agostoni Pierfrancesco
Published: September 2020

Treatment of coronary chronic total occlusions represents one of the major challenges in the field of interventional cardiology. This is due to the complexity of these procedures and to the relatively higher risk of complications. In recent years, the development of innovative techniques and the evolution of materials have produced significant progress in this field. Better procedural outcomes have been achieved, with fewer complications. This article highlights the most recent scientific evidence and techniques, with the intention to guide interventional cardiologists in optimal patient selection and procedure choice.
Feasibility, Safety, and Clinical Performance of Self-apposing Stents for Left Main Stenosis
Authors: Pujdak Krzysztof , Kähler Jan , Werner Marc
Published: September 2020

Drug-eluting stents (DES) are the gold standard for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI); however, technical and anatomical challenges need to be addressed to ensure optimal apposition and prevent late adverse events. Complex vessel anatomies, including ectatic or aneurysmatic vessels, or significant differences in diameter in left main stenosis of the coronary artery, are clinical indications in which current PCI techniques attempt to shape conventional DES to follow vessel anatomy, thus modifying the original stent scaffold and its properties. However, due to their design, balloon-expandable cobalt–chromium and cobalt–nickel DES have limitations regarding their expansion capacity, which can result in undersizing and malapposition. New stent scaffolds have recently been introduced into clinical practice to address these challenging anatomies, including a drug-eluting nitinol stent platform. The nature of the nitinol device allows conformability to the native vessel, covering complex anatomies without manual adaptation. In this article, the authors present the rationale and current data on self-apposing nitinol DES in left main stenosis, and suggest that the device may be safely and effectively used with comparable rates of adverse cardiovascular events, as seen with second-generation balloon-expandable DES.
La guerra contra el narcotráfico en México: una guerra perdida The War on Drugs in Mexico: A Lost War
Authors: Rosen Jonathan Daniel , Zepeda Martínez Roberto
Published: September 2020

Después del primer año de la administración del presidente Enrique Peña Nieto (2012-2018), Méxicosigue enfrentando problemas vinculados con el narcotráfico, reflejado en los altos niveles de violenciay el aumento de actividades ilícitas como el secuestro y la extorsión. Una docena de cárteles del narcotráfico luchan por controlar el territorio y las rutas de trasiego de las drogas en el país, lo que generaluchas violentas. Después de tomar posesión como presidente de la República, Felipe Calderón (2006-2012) lanzó la guerra contra el narcotráfico, y durante su sexenio, aproximadamente 70,000 personasfueron ejecutadas de forma violenta; el número de cárteles del narcotráfico se expandió, y el tráfico dedrogas continuó. En este artículo se argumenta que la guerra contra el narcotráfico en el gobierno deCalderón, y en el sexenio de Peña Nieto, ha sido y es una guerra perdida, considerando los resultados.En la primera parte, se hace un breve análisis histórico de la Guerra contra las Drogas en los EstadosUnidos y en Colombia. La segunda parte se concentra en el caso de México. Se revisan las tendenciasde la narco-violencia, delitos relacionados con el crimen organizado, y los cárteles del narcotráfico queoperan en México. Se examinan las causas de los niveles de violencia en años recientes para entender lasituación actual en el país. Finalmente, el artículo hace un análisis crítico de la estrategia de seguridady combate al narcotráfico del ex Presidente Felipe Calderón y su sucesor Enrique Peña Nieto, quien noha modificado la estrategia general de seguridad.
HACER (LO) VISIBLE LA IMAGEN FOTOGRÁFICA EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN SOCIAL
Authors: Triquell Agustina
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo desarrolla un recorrido propositivo de metodologías de trabajo con imágenes fotográficas en el marco de la investigación social. Compuesto por las reflexiones metodológicas elaboradas en el marco de la investigación de mi tesis doctoral, se propone pensar la imagen a partir de diversos prismas, que combinados permiten potenciar las posibilidades analíticas de la imagen fotográfica para las ciencias sociales en general y para los estudios de comunicación en particular. Se desarrollará así cuatro modos de abordar diferentes imágenes en función de su origen: a) las provenientes de archivos –más o menos institucionalizados, con mayores o menores referencias más por fuera de su contenido representacional– pero que se definen como acervos existentes que referencian a una temporalidad previa a la del inicio de la investigación, b) aquellas que tienen la capacidad de despertar relatos en los sujetos que las miran, c) aquellas que circulan en el espacio público con distintas finalidades y por último, d) aquellas elaboradas dentro del marco mismo de la investigación, en instancias de talleres o actividades de producción de imágenes. Se parte de la convicción de que trabajar con imágenes implica un desafío y una serie de decisiones que exceden la mera ilustración de las ideas, por lo cual requieren ser colocadas en el centro de la discusión. Se propone aquí entonces algunas notas y posibilidades para llevar adelante este desafío.
أثر استخدام وسيلة فيديو التعليم الخاصّ في نتيجة التلاميذ الدّراسية في تعليم الخطّ العربي
Authors: Miftahul Janah
Published: September 2020

Berdasarkan fenomena yang terjadi, para siswa yang mengikuti program ekstrakulikuler kaligrafi di MTs Yaspika Kuningan mengalami banyak kesulitan pada bidang kaligrafi. Oleh karena itu, guru membutuhkan banyak upaya yang mampu mempengaruhi pada hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran kaligrafi, salah satunya menggunakan media video tutorial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran kaligrafi sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media video tutorial, serta mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen model pree test dan post test design. Hasil dari penelitian adalah bahwa hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran kaligrafi sebelum menggunakan media video tutorial menunjukkan pada kategori nilai 66,34. Hasil belajar mereka setelah menggunakan media video tutorial menunjukkan pada kategori nilai 75,9. Serta penggunaan media video tutorial memiliki pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada program ekstrakulikuler kaligrafi karena nilai t hitung 16,37.
La enseñanza de la religión en el contexto multirreligioso. La educación religiosa como instrumento de protección del menor: ¿qué relevancia jurídica tiene?
Authors: Buselli-Mondin Paola
Published: September 2020

El estudio se mueve en el contexto de un ensayo realizado en Italia en el que se señaló que la enseñanza de la religión católica en la escuela puede adaptarse al pluralismo religioso actual solo a través de una renovación metodológica. Una renovación (hermenéutica-existencial) que, aunque típica de la enseñanza de la religión católica en Italia, se puede denominar paradigmática por tres razones. En primer lugar porque es capaz de comparar las diversas confesiones religiosas para no anular o incluso fortalecer sus diferencias. En segundo lugar, porque respeta las raíces históricas y la apreciación social de la religión en todos los estados, teniendo en cuenta que el desafío del multiculturalismo religioso no es reducible a qué religión invocar en el espacio público, sino que consiste en identificar qué religión posee el pondus cultural adecuado para llevar a cabo un diálogo constructivo interreligioso. En tercer lugar, porque también puede estimular una reflexión jurídica sobre la identidad religiosa de cada ciudadano y sobre sus deberes religiosos.
Comparative assessment of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of soft wheat bran on the Algeria market
Authors: MEZIANI Samira , SAIDANI Souad , MENADI Noreddine , MEHIDDA Hayet , ZAIRI Mohammed , LABGA Lahouaria , BENGUELLA Rawda , BENALI Mohammed
Published: September 2020

From this context we have been interested in biochemical and phytochemical parameters of local and foreign varieties of wheat bran whose purpose is to search to see if there are intraspecific and interspecific varietal differences. The study concerned five varieties of soft wheat bran selected at CCLS Sidi Bel Abbés and consumed in many regions of Algeria. The biochemical compounds of grains (proteins, cellulose, ash content and phytochemical (total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity) were determined in all varieties. The wheat bran, the subject and material of this study, was obtained from whole wheat grains collected from three varieties of soft wheat and used in our case to produce and extract the maximum of soft wheat bran. The varieties used were ‘HD’ (SWBHD) and ‘Anzar’ (SWBA) local variety and one imported, ‘Habbour’ variety (SWBHB). Two samples of marketed soft wheat bran, imported, were provided in this work to compare their nutritional components. Different techniques and methods were used in this experimental study (infra-red approach spectrophotometer, flame spectrophotometer). The results obtained show that ‘Eriad’ soft wheat bran (SWBE) is rich in protein with a variation of 15.78% at 18.07%; and is slightly elevated compared to other samples. Regarding the results obtained for cellulose, a high value was recorded for (SWBTAZ) variety 11.3%, and a lower one for (SWBHB) marketed at a value of 3.6%. The maximum concentration of potassium and sodium was obtained in the SWBAZ variety with a level of 3.16 mg/l and 30.36 mg/l respectively. The evaluation of phytochemicals has shown the presence of considerable amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids qualitatively and quantitatively. SWBAZ variety was very rich in total polyphenols, flavonoids and DPPH respectively with values of (1.101±0.01 mg EAG/g) and (0.174±0.001 EC/g) (1.39±0.01 EAG/g) compared to the different varieties studied. In conclusion, the SWBAZ variety could thus be considered, in our case, as an important source of phytonutrients.
Determination of germination and seedling growth parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under stress conditions
Authors: ÖNER Fatih , SOYSAL Ayşe Ö. Ş.
Published: September 2020

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food for more than half of the world’s population. Globally, rice is grown on approximately 160 million hectares with an average annual production of 740.96 million tonnes. Salinity is an important abiotic factor for germination. In this study rice varieties were analysed for salt stress tolerance at germination growth stage. The response of eight rice varieties against six (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 mM NaCl) salinity levels were studied at germination stage. Seeds of eight rice varieties (‘Yatkin’, ‘Miss-2013 Passali’, ‘Kale’, ‘Manyas Yildizi’, ‘Efe’, ‘Biga Incisi’ and ‘Osmancik-97’) were kept under six salt stress levels. Number of seeds germinated (number), germination rate (%), average germination time, fresh and dry weight of germinated seeds (g), fresh and dry weight of the coleoptile (g), fresh and dry weight of the radicle (g), the length of the coleoptile and radicle (mm) were recorded. The results showed that with increasing salt stress, germination in all the varieties was delayed. The increase in salt stress also reduced every measured trait significantly in all the varieties. Maximum germination percentage (100%) was observed in ‘Biga Incisi’ under all the salt stress levels. Our research data would be helpful for identification of the tolerant varieties which can be studied further in terms of economically.
Plant parasitic nematode communities associated with the crop banana (Musa spp.) at Attappady Tribal hill area, India
Authors: ODALA Ashfak A. , RAMANATHAN Rasmi A. , ARERATH Usman
Published: September 2020

Attappady is a region of immense biological importance comes under the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve area of India at Palakkad district. Biodiversity study of this hill area has great importance in conservative science. Except a national range study for nematode fauna of banana (Musa spp.) in Indian banana fields, a detailed survey of this agriculturally and environmentally important area has not reported till now. The diversity analysis of plant parasitic nematodes was done with samples taken from rhizosphere soil and roots of banana at this area. Comparing with the reported nationwide study the present study newly reported the presence of Aphelenchus spp., Dorylaimoides spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Rotylenchulus spp., Tylenchorynchus spp. and Tylenchus spp. from the crop banana other than the already reported one’s such as Helicotylenchus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp. and Radopholus spp. The analysis of nematode genera in different banana cultivars such as Musa × paradisiaca L. (AAB) ‘Nendran’, Musa acuminata Colla (AAA) ‘Robusta’, Musa acuminata Colla (AA) ‘Kadali’ and Musa × paradisiaca L. (Mysore AAB) ‘Poovan’ revealed differences in the reaction to attack between genotypes, and that the cultivar ‘Nendran’ was the most susceptible one to plant parasitic nematodes.