bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections obtained from pus sample: A comparison of community- and hospital-acquired infections
Authors: Thakkar Jainy , Shah Prashant C. , Trivedi Niyati
Published: December 2023

Background:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common causes of healthcare-associated infections. Recently, the prevalence of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) is increasing affecting individuals with no known risk factors or health-care exposure, blurring the differences between the two. With changing epidemiology of an organism having a natural tendency of fast-developing resistance, MRSA infections need active ongoing surveillance, for effective implementation of appropriate treatment and preventive strategies.

Patients and Methods:

This was a prospective, observational study conducted in various inpatient departments of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Gujarat, India. MRSA infections were classified as community-acquired-MRSA (CA-MRSA) and hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) based on the US CDC 2010 definition. Clinical and epidemiological profile as well as antibiotic sensitivity was assessed in both the groups. An unpaired t-test or Fisher’s exact test was applied to find the difference between the two groups.

Results:

MRSA isolation rate was 1.42% (60/4212). Ninety percentage of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with three being vancomycin-resistant/intermediate. The total duration of hospitalization, number of antimicrobials used after isolation, and duration of therapy were higher in HA-MRSA compared to the CA-MRSA group. The treatment outcome was successful in 86.6% of patients.

Conclusion:

There is an increasing prevalence of CA-MRSA in the community with the majority of isolates being MDR. These data are alarming and indicate an urgent need for the implementation of strategies directed toward the effective use of appropriate antimicrobials as well as the improvement of hygiene practices in the hospital as well as the community.
Molecular mechanisms of postoperative ileus following gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Gong Wenbin , Fu Hangyu , Zhao Wei
Published: December 2023

Postoperative ileus (POI) is characterized by a transient cessation of gastrointestinal (GI) motility and is a common complication following surgery, especially GI surgery. The mechanism of POI is complex and multifactorial and is considered to be mainly related to sympathetic neural reflexes, activation of gut opioid receptors, and inflammatory reactions. Incision of the skin and muscle, as well as the opening of the peritoneal cavity cause a neurological reflex arc involving the spinal loop with afferent splanchnic nerves synapsing in the spinal cord, activating efferent traveling back to the gut, which constitutes the first phase of POI. Once the stimulation by intestinal manipulation, traction of the abdomen for laparotomy, and distension for laparoscopy have been completed, accompanied by abdominal closure, activation of these signal pathways will terminate. As the neurological phase subsides, numerous immune cell infiltration, including mast cells, monocytes, and macrophages, appear in the intestine, which promotes the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules and the induction of intestinal inflammation. The resolution of inflammation is the last pathological phase of POI, which is mainly mediated by the macrophage polarization and vagal system. This review highlights the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms of POI after elective intestinal surgery, which may offer the possibility and direction for effective management and treatment plans to reduce the burden of POI.
Compromiso con la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa. Un análisis de su visualización por parte de las agencias de relaciones públicas.
Authors: Estanyol Elisenda , Compte-Pujol Marc , Lalueza Ferran
Published: December 2023

Introducción: Desde la introducción de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), el desarrollo sostenible y la Resposnabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) son una de las principales tendencias estratégicas en relaciones públicas (RRPP). La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar si las agencias visibilizan su oferta de servicios especializados en RSC, y comprobar su propio compromiso en la materia. Metodología: Se han analizado las webs de 50 agencias de comunicación y RRPP que operan en España, a partir del ranking de referencia de El Publicista (edición 2022) y un total de 66 campañas de RSC. Se ha aplicado el análisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo, siendo las variables analizadas: tipo de consultora, servicios de RSC ofertados, casos de éxito de RSC mostrados, acciones de RSC propias implementadas, y profesionales especializados en RSC. Resultados: Todavía existe una gran cantidad de agencias que no ofrecen servicios específicos en el ámbito de la RSC (58%) ni cuentan con profesionales especializados en el ámbito (sólo un 12%). Sin embargo, los 43 casos de éxito en RSC desarrollados para sus clientes evidencian su creciente capacidad para convencer a los sujetos promotores (clientes actuales y potenciales) sobre el impacto positivo de la RSC en la reputación organizacional. Discusión: El propio sector de las RRPP no demuestra el mismo nivel de compromiso, dado que la implementación en la industria de acciones propias de RSC es un fenómeno aún minoritario (34% y 23 campañas propias de RSC identificadas), si bien es cierto que puede servir de acicate para que otras agencias sigan esta vía.Conclusiones: Se ha comprobado que en muchas de las campañas se aplica una de las estrategias recomendadas desde la disciplina de las RRPP referente a la comunicación de la RSC: la vinculación de la acción de RSC con la propia actividad del sujeto promotor, ya sea éste la empresa cliente o la propia agencia adoptando estrategias de colaboración pro-bono con entidades sin ánimo de lucro.
Los eventos experienciales en la estrategia de comunicación y publicidad del sector cervecero
Authors: Campillo-Alhama Concepción , Herrero Ruiz Laura , Ramos-Soler Irene
Published: December 2023

Introducción: El sector cervecero apuesta por estrategias de comunicación publicitaria en las que las experiencias de marca y su difusión en redes sociales se erigen como premisas fundamentales para alcanzar objetivos estratégicos. Los eventos experienciales emergen de forma notoria, en este contexto, para reforzar las experiencias de marca del consumidor. Metodología: En esta investigación de carácter descriptivo y exploratorio se realiza una caracterización de los eventos experienciales del sector con un diseño metodológico basado en el análisis de contenido; se analiza, además, la eficacia de la difusión de los eventos a través de Instagram y Youtube, junto con la interacción global y el engagement obtenidos por las marcas cerveceras en Instagram. Resultados: Destacan los eventos de carácter musical y de promotor único como experiencias inmersivas, con una presencia limitada de influencers y con una estrategia de comunicación 2.0 que no se rentabiliza en la fase de ejecución y de post-evento. La interacción global obtenida en las plataformas digitales analizadas es bastante irregular, y el engagement, a excepción de algunas marcas, presenta resultados modestos en cuanto al diseño de experiencias orientadas al usuario. Discusión: Estos eventos experienciales del sector cervecero pueden ser reformulados como propuestas creativas para diferentes targets y su estrategia comunicativa-relacional debe ser reforzada en determinadas fases de su planificación. Conclusiones: Los eventos experienciales 2.0 desarrollados por las marcas cerveceras se erigen como una poderosa herramienta de comunicación que permite establecer y afianzar vínculos entre marcas y consumidores para generar engagement, notoriedad, imagen pública y reputación.
Post-cholecystectomy iatrogenic bile duct injuries: Emerging role for endoscopic management
Authors: Emara Mohamed H , Ahmed Mohammed Hussien , Radwan Mohamed I , Emara Emad Hassan , Basheer Magdy , Ali Ahmed , Elfert Asem Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Post-cholecystectomy iatrogenic bile duct injuries (IBDIs), are not uncommon and although the frequency of IBDIs vary across the literature, the rates following the procedure of laparoscopic cholecystectomy are much higher than open cholecystectomy. These injuries caries a great burden on the patients, physicians and the health care systems and sometime are life-threatening. IBDIs are associated with different manifestations that are not limited to abdominal pain, bile leaks from the surgical drains, peritonitis with fever and sometimes jaundice. Such injuries if not witnessed during the surgery, can be diagnosed by combining clinical manifestations, biochemical tests and imaging techniques. Among such techniques abdominal US is usually the first choice while Magnetic Resonance Cholangio-Pancreatography seems the most appropriate. Surgical approach was the ideal approach for such cases, however the introduction of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography (ERCP) was a paradigm shift in the management of such injuries due to accepted success rates, lower cost and lower rates of associated morbidity and mortality. However, the literature lacks consensus for the optimal timing of ERCP intervention in the management of IBDIs. ERCP management of IBDIs can be tailored according to the nature of the underlying injury. For the subgroup of patients with complete bile duct ligation and lost ductal continuity, transfer to surgery is indicated without delay. Those patients will not benefit from endoscopy and hence should not do unnecessary ERCP. For low–flow leaks e.g. gallbladder bed leaks, conservative management for 1-2 wk prior to ERCP is advised, in contrary to high-flow leaks e.g. cystic duct leaks and stricture lesions in whom early ERCP is encouraged. Sphincterotomy plus stenting is the ideal management line for cases of IBDIs. Interventional radiologic techniques are promising options especially for cases of failed endoscopic repair and also for cases with altered anatomy. Future studies will solve many unsolved issues in the management of IBDIs.
Determining the need for a thoracoscopic approach to treat a giant hiatal hernia when abdominal access is poor
Authors: Pérez Lara Francisco Javier , Zubizarreta Jimenez Rogelio , Prieto-Puga Arjona Tatiana , Gutierrez Delgado Pilar , Hernández Carmona Juan Manuel , Hernández Gonzalez Jose Manuel , Pitarch Martinez Maria
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Giant hernias present a significant challenge for digestive surgeons. The approach taken (laparoscopic vs thoracoscopic) depends largely on the preferences and skills of each surgeon, although in most cases today the laparoscopic approach is preferred.

AIM

To determine whether patients presenting inadequate laparoscopic access to the intrathoracic hernial sac obtain poorer postoperative results than those with no such problem, in order to assess the need for a thoracoscopic approach.

METHODS

For the retrospective series of patients treated in our hospital for hiatal hernia (n = 112), we calculated the laparoscopic field of view and the working area accessible to surgical instruments, by means of preoperative imaging tests, to assess the likely outcome for cases inaccessible to laparoscopy.

RESULTS

Patients with giant hiatal hernias for whom a preoperative calculation suggested that the laparoscopic route would not access all areas of the intrathoracic sac presented higher rates of perioperative complications and recurrence during follow-up than those for whom laparoscopy was unimpeded. The difference was statistically significant. Moreover, the insertion of mesh did not improve results for the non-accessible group.

CONCLUSION

For patients with giant hiatal hernias, it is essential to conduct a preoperative evaluation of the angle of vision and the working area for surgery. When parts of the intrathoracic sac are inaccessible laparoscopically, the thoracoscopic approach should be considered.
Effects of remifentanil combined with propofol on hemodynamics and oxidative stress in patients undergoing resection of rectal carcinoma
Authors: Huang Jing , Tian Wen-Jun
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Rectal carcinoma (RC) treatment primarily involves laparoscopic surgery, which may induce significant hemodynamic changes and weaken immune function. Certain anesthetic approaches using opioid drugs (including remifentanil and sufentanil) pose risks, such as hypotension.

AIM

To determine the effects of remifentanil combined with propofol on hemodynamics and oxidative stress in patients undergoing RC resection.

METHODS

A total of 211 patients one hundred and four patients with RC treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University between November 2018 and November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, the remifentanil group included 45 patients receiving remifentanil with propofol anesthesia and the sufentanil group included 59 patients receiving sufentanil with propofol anesthesia. Changes in the hemodynamic index, oxidative stress index, general data, consumption of remifentanil, and use of vasoactive drugs were compared. The incidences of adverse reactions were calculated.

RESULTS

The two groups did not significantly differ in terms of operation, anesthesia, and extubation times (P > 0.05). At 1 min after intubation, the sufentanil group showed a notably higher heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared with the remifentanil group (P < 0.05), whereas the sufentanil group showed a notably higher SBP and MAP compared with the remifentanil group at 5 min after pneumoperitoneum (P < 0.05). Thirty minutes after surgery, the remifentanil group showed significantly lower plasma cortisol, noradrenaline, and glucose levels than the sufentanil group (P < 0.001). The remifentanil group consumed significantly less remifentanil than the sufentanil group (P < 0.05), and the adoption frequency of ephedrine was lower in the remifentanil group than that in the sufentanil group (P < 0.05). The incidence of hypotension was notably higher in the sufentanil group than that in the remifentanil group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Remifentanil combined with propofol can improve hemodynamics and relieve oxidative stress in patients undergoing RC resection.
Impact of hepatectomy and postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization on serum tumor markers and prognosis in intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hu Yi-Di , Zhang Hui , Tan Wei , Li Zhuo-Kai
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumour, and its early symptoms are often not obvious, resulting in many patients experiencing middle- to late-stage disease at the time of diagnosis. The optimal time for surgery is often missed for these patients, and those who do undergo surgery have unsatisfactory long-term outcomes and a high recurrence rate within five years. Therefore, postoperative follow-up treatments, such as transhepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE), have become critical to improving survival and reducing recurrence rates.

AIM

To validate the prophylactic role of TACE after hepatic resection and to assess its impact on patient prognosis.

METHODS

This study investigated the efficacy of TACE in patients with intermediate-stage HCC after hepatectomy. When the post-treatment results of the observation group and the control group were compared, it was found that the inclusion of TACE significantly improved the clinical efficacy, reduced the levels of tumour markers and did not aggravate the damage to liver function. Thus, this may be an effective and comprehensive treatment strategy for patients with intermediate-stage HCC that helps to improve their quality of life and survival time.

RESULTS

When the baseline data were analysed, no statistical differences were found between the two groups in terms of gender, age, hepatitis B virus, cirrhosis, Child-Pugh grading, number of tumours, maximum tumour diameter and degree of tumour differentiation. The assessment of clinical efficacy showed that the post-treatment overall remission rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group. In terms of changes in tumour markers, the alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the patients in the observation group decreased more significantly after treatment compared with those in the control group. When post-treatment changes in liver function indicators were analysed, no statistical differences were found in the total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels between the two groups.

CONCLUSION

In patients with intermediate-stage HCC, post-hepatectomy TACE significantly improved clinical outcomes, reduced tumour-marker levels and may have improved the prognosis by removing residual lesions. Thus, this may be an effective and comprehensive treatment strategy for patients with intermediate-stage HCC.
Successful treatment of invasive liver abscess syndrome caused by Klebsiella variicola with intracranial infection and septic shock: A case report
Authors: Zhang Pin-Jie , Lu Zhong-Hua , Cao Li-Jun , Chen Hu , Sun Yun
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Klebsiella variicola (K. variicola ) is a member of the Klebsiella genus and is often misidentiﬁed as Klebsiella pneumoniae . In this report, we present a rare case of invasive liver abscess caused by K. variicola .

CASE SUMMARY

We report a rare case of liver abscess due to K. variicola . A 57-year-old female patient presented with back pain for a month. She developed a high-grade fever associated with chills, and went into a coma and developed shock. The clinical examinations and tests after admission confirmed a diagnosis of primary liver abscess caused by K. variicola complicated by intracranial infection and septic shock. The patient successfully recovered following early percutaneous drainage of the abscess, prompt appropriate antibiotic administration, and timely open surgical drainage.

CONCLUSION

This is a case of successful treatment of invasive liver abscess syndrome caused by K. variicola , which has rarely been reported. The findings of this report point to the need for further study of this disease.
EpiSearch. Identifying Ancient Inscriptions in Epigraphic Manuscripts
Authors: Calvelli Lorenzo , Boschetti Federico , Tommasi Tatiana
Published: December 2023

AbstractEpigraphic documents are an essential source of evidence for our knowledge of the ancient world. Nonetheless, a significant number of inscriptions have not been preserved in their material form. In fact, their texts can only be recovered thanks to handwritten materials and, in particular, the so-called epigraphic manuscripts. EpiSearch is a pilot project that explores the application of digital technologies deployed to retrieve the epigraphic evidence found in these sources. The application of Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) to epigraphic manuscripts is a challenging task, given the nature and graphic layout of these documents. Yet, our research shows that, even with some limits, HTR technologies can be used successfully.
РАТ У УКРАЈИНИ 2022-2023, КАО НАСТАВАК УКРАЈИНСКЕ КРИЗЕ, ЗАПОЧЕТЕ ЈОШ ФЕБРУАРА 2014
Authors: Петровић Драган
Published: December 2023

The Ukrainian conflict is the largest armed conflict on the territory of Europe after World War II. This is not only a conflict between Russia and Ukraine, but actually a wider conflict between the holders of the already conceived multipolar world order, represented by Russia, and the defenders of the past monopolar one, represented by America and NATO. In Ukraine itself, there is a conflict between the Russianspeaking population and on the other side the authorities installed after the coup in Kiev in February 2014. Long-lasting Ukrainian crisis then turned into an armed conflict. In fact, the first armed conflict within the Ukrainian crisis already took place during the period 2014- 2015, it had an intra-Ukrainian character and ended with the Minsk 2 Agreement. Sanctions against Russia, as well as parallel crises in Africa, the Far East, Transcaucasia, etc., show the complexity of the international situation. For now, the European Union is an ally of the USA and NATO in the view of the Ukrainian conflict and the introduction of sanctions against Russia. However, the economic damages suffered by the leading EU countries as a result of their involvement in the Ukrainian crisis, sanctions against Russia and various aid to Ukraine, and the reception of refugees, lead these societies to additional crises and social and political divisions. Hence, the ruling elites in the EU countries face the dissatisfaction of the population, especially its leading powers - Germany, France and Italy. China and to some extent other countries of the world, outside the so-called "collective West", generally prefer Russia in the confrontation with the USA, NATO and their allies. Key words: Russia; USA and NATO, "collective West", European Union, Ukraine, Ukrainian crisis, BRICS and SCO powers, multipolar world.
THE UKRAINIAN CRISIS ON TWITTER: SENTIMENT ANALYSIS – POSSIBLE INTERPRETATIONS
Authors: Slijepčević Bjelivuk Svetlana
Published: December 2023

The mass use of social media has enabled users to reach out and share opinions, attitudes, and emotions on various topics - current events in particular - almost instantly. In this paper, we analyze the attitudes of Serbian speakers toward Russia and Russians during the ongoing war in Ukraine, based on the material obtained using an application for collecting and processing comments on Twitter. The study covers the period from February to September 2022. Starting with the assumption that Twitter users tend to be freer and more spontaneous in expressing their views compared to users of other social media (Facebook, Instagram, etc.), about 11,000 tweets were collected using the BigBoxData application based on keywords (Russia, Ukraine, war, special operation, Putin, Zelensky...), and were subsequently manually filtered and annotated. The goal was to find out if and how the attitudes of Serbian speakers toward Russia and Russians have changed with the ongoing war in Ukraine compared to associations and stereotypes toward Russia and Russians reported in previous papers. The combination of qualitative (positive, negative, and neutral sentiment) and quantitative (percentage share of each of the three sentiments) sentiment analysis showed that the attitudes of Serbian speakers toward Russia and Russians have changed compared to the previous period (using as a reference the Associative Dictionary of the Serbian language and the Reverse associative dictionary of the Serbian language, both of which report extremely positive associations). The methods used in this study and the research results can serve for further research and attitude change within the crisis discourse on social media and the Internet in general. Keywords: crisis discourse, social media, stereotypes
PROMOTING PHILOSOPHY, UNDERMINING PHILOSOPHICAL IDEALS: THE CASE OF THE RADIO SHOW “GOZBA” AND ITS TREATMENT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THE WAR IN UKRAINE
Authors: Dinić Rastislav
Published: December 2023

According to philosopher Anthony Cashio, radio possesses a power to create a deep and intimate connection between speakers and listeners, and therefore to forge strong communities. It is this power that makes radio a potent instrument both of populist propaganda, disinformation, conspirology and fear-mongering, on the one hand, and of public philosophy fostering critical and reflective capacities of its listeners, on the other. Following Cashio’s insight and drawing on Jason Stanley’s work propaganda, I will analyze one of the longest running philosophy themed radio shows in Serbia, “Gozba”, which airs every week on Radio Belgrade Channel 2 (RB2). By focusing on the way “Gozba” has covered two significant recent events – the COVID pandemic and the Ukrainian war, I will demonstrate that in dealing with these topics, the show undermines the philosophical ideals it claims to promote, and instead serves primarily as an instrument of spreading conspiracy theories, dangerous anti-science views, vaccine hesitancy, fake news and Russian war propaganda. Also, I will analyze the dangers of promoting such deeply anti-philosophical stances under the guise of philosophy and critical thinking. Keywords: philosophy, radio, propaganda, conspiracy theories
Obligación alimentaria. Incumplimiento y cómo determinar la reparación civil
Authors: Neyra Cruz Carmela , Aguilar Santa Cruz Lisbeth Celinda , Ramos Guevara Rene Felipe , Calderón Guanilo Eliana Vanessa , Santiesteban Seclen Rubén
Published: December 2023

Este libro ha sido derivado de una investigación científica, donde se planteó como propósito principal determinar la existencia de motivación judicial suficiente en la determinación del monto de la reparación civil en las sentencias de incumplimiento de obligación, la investigación fue de tipo básica con enfoque cualitativo; se emplearon los métodos dogmáticos y sistemáticos; analizando una muestra de 46 sentencias judiciales, así como las entrevistas a los distintos expertos del medio. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron el análisis documental y entrevista, por ello se emplearon los instrumentos de guía de análisis documental y entrevista respectivamente. Entre los principales resultados se pudo evidenciar que la motivación judicial suficiente es la motivación básica con la que debe contar toda decisión judicial, y su conclusión debe responder a la aplicación de un silogismo jurídico, situación no encontrada en las sentencias analizadas. La investigación concluyó que no existe motivación judicial suficiente en el extremo de la reparación civil, en las sentencias de incumplimiento de obligación alimentaria expedidas por los Juzgados Penales dado que no se exponen de manera suficiente los fundamentos fácticos y jurídicos que sustentan su decisión. Para solucionar la problemática abordada se planteó un Manual de Procedimientos que guíe de manera sencilla a los usuarios.
Os C.C.D.’S Da Ditadura Militar Argentina E A Patrimonialização Prisional
Authors: Da Conceição De Lima Guilherme
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo é uma breve análise sobre Os Centros Clandestinos de Detenção (C.C.D) da última ditadura militar argentina (1976-1983) e sua patrimonialização. O texto parte para o debate sobre a inserção dos C.C.D’s enquanto patrimônio histórico e sua condição como espaço de preservação de um passado sensível enquanto lugar de memória. A discussão aqui abordada busca estabelecer as conexões entre O C.C.D’s como patrimônio prisional e as políticas de memória do Estado argentino, atravessados pela questão do direito a verdade e justiça no contexto da sociedade argentina no tempo presente.
SIGNIFICANCE OF TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAMS ON TEACHER MOTIVATION, PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT, AND SELF-EFFICACY
Authors: Saeed Azra , Aneesa
Published: December 2023

This research shows how teacher training programs (TTPs) for secondary school teachers can influence the motivation, professional development and self-efficacy of the educators. There were three primary goals of this study; the first objective of this research was to examine the impact of TTPs on the motivation levels of teachers, the second purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of TTPs on the professional development of educators and the final objective of the study was to examine the effects of TTPs on teachers' self-efficacy. For this study, a survey was used as a primary method of collecting information. 340 teachers in private and public schools across Punjab, Pakistan, were surveyed using a self-made questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire were examined statistically. Teachers are motivated to attend these workshops because they know it will help them develop professionally and personally. The study found that TTPs were highly beneficial in motivating teachers, helping them grow professionally and improving their self-efficacy. Therefore, this study argues that TTPs hold significant importance in facilitating the growth and development of secondary school teachers.
Abstracts - XIV Brazilian Congress of Pediatric Neurosurgery
Authors: Jubé Paulo Ronaldo , Ballestero Matheus
Published: December 2023

The XIV Congress of SBNPED, held at the Clarion Hotel, part of the Órion complex in Goiânia, from August 2 to 5, 2023, was truly a significant comeback for in-person events in the field of pediatric neurosurgery.
This reunion was characterized by a high scientific standard and also filled with emotion. This edition of the event brought a novelty, as for the first time in Brazil, the ISPN – International Society for Pediatrics Neurosurgery was present with the ISPN Educational Course included in the event's schedule.
DISCOURSE AT THE CROSSROADS OF LANGUAGE AND LAW
Authors: Gasparyan Seda , Hayrapetyan Zara
Published: December 2023

The present article is part of a larger project that is aimed at exploring the peculiar features of language use in the legal domain against the background of the interaction of language and law. The investigation of the intersection of linguistics and legal studies is of paramount importance. Legal regulations, qualified legal assistance, knowledge of linguistic requirements for legal formulations, etc. have nowadays become an indispensable part of human life. Focusing on the results achieved by our predecessors that will help understand the nature and the complexity of the legal system and law, and divulging the specificities of legal discourse at large and the one exercised in the courtroom in particular are of paramount importance. The desire to engross this field has stimulated the study of a wide range of books, articles and works of prominent scholars which, in one way or another, refer to the mentioned questions. Applying the methodology of discourse analysis and description of the relevant literature, we come to the conclusion that an integrated and coherent analysis from a linguistic standpoint proves to be an inevitable step in the process of revealing the concept of legal discourse.
MECHANISMS OF THE CULTURAL TRANSFER IN TRANSLATION
Authors: Gasparyan Luiza
Published: December 2023

The article is the first attempt to reveal the mechanisms of “the cultural transfer” (the notion was first introduced by the French theorist M. Espagne) of the Armenian and Russian translations of Charles Dickens’s novels. Evidently, the Armenian translations of the novels were transferred and interpreted especially from the beginning of the 1880s, in Shushi (1890-91), Tiflis (different publications in the 1890s), Constantinople (1928), Baku (1898), Athens (1928), Cairo (1892), etc. The Armenian versions of Dickens’s creativity were either paraphrased or translated from the original language or from Russian as an intermediary language. The article outlines theoretical and practical issues related to the specifics of the artistic translation through the paradigm of cultural transfer. Being at the crossroads of West and East the Armenian national culture is characterized as a unique manifestation of cultural transmission and a pivotal basis of socio-cultural and geopolitical usus. The article sketches the situation of “cultural transfer” of Charles Dickens’s novels whose literary reputation was established in the Russian literary field, that consequently made an influence on Eastern Armenia.
OFFENDERS, ADULTERESSES, AND MURDERESSES IN AMERICAN LITERATURE: FROM THE COLONIAL TO THE POSTMODERN ERA
Authors: Knežević Jelena , Nikčević Batrićević Aleksandra
Published: December 2023

This paper examines American female transgressors from the early colonial period to the late postmodern age and their representations in American literature. Its main aim is to identify the most relevant female offenders from each historical era and analyze how authors portray their characters in each literary work. Furthermore, it offers different insights into the social, cultural, political, and jurisprudential contexts of the murder cases of each female perpetrator under discussion. The paper also compares fiction to non-fiction literary texts and the similarities and differences contributing to a murderess’s standard representation. The representation of American transgresses is highly contingent on the literary genre of the texts, the type of offense, and the socio-cultural, historical, and ideological context of the time. What they have in common is that they murder people closely related to them. The opposing groups are single and double homicide committers, emotionally driven by victimization and vengeance, and emotionless serial killers, whose murder-prone behavior emanates from deviance. On the one hand, true-crime books offer unprecedented and controversial details about murderesses. On the other hand, crime fiction puts them into an imagined context. The most common depictions of female perpetrators are victimized women who suffer in a patriarchal society, romanticized femme fatales, or devilized mental health sufferers.
Bibliotherapy in Social Work: Can a Guided Reading Improve Quality of Life and Social Functioning of Clients?
Authors: Karamyan Lusine , Davis Rebecca
Published: December 2023

This article describes a specific therapeutic method used by helping professionals, librarians, and others to address various issues and needs of their service users. The guided therapeutic use of selected books, including audiobooks, stories, different genres of imaginative literature as an adjunct to intervention is applicable in all stages of life and with a variety of population groups and problems they have. The authors present definitions of the key terms and brief history of the development of bibliotherapy, based on literature review, as well as set out the applicability of bibliotherapy in health care and social work practice. It is an attempt to integrate social work, professional librarianship, health care, and bibliotherapy in this article.
Lost in “Transl-Hation”: Exploring the Impact of Machine Translation as an Intermediary Tool in Detecting Armenian Hate Speech
Authors: Bekaryan Lilit
Published: December 2023

As the pervasive spread of hate speech continues to pose significant challenges to online communities, detecting, and countering hateful content on social media has become a priority. Social media platforms typically use machine translation to identify the hateful content of the posts made in languages other than English. If this approach works effectively in identifying explicit hateful content in languages that are predominantly used on social media, its effect is almost insignificant when it comes to Armenian.
The present research investigates the effectiveness of machine translation as an intermediary tool in accurately identifying and addressing instances of Armenian hate speech posts retrieved from social networking websites. The study of hate speech posts and comments made by Armenian users in Armenian helps identify that it is often the absence of intricate cultural and linguistic nuances, as well as insufficient contextualized understanding, that impede with hate speech detection in Armenian.
ALGORITHM FOR FINDING THE INVERSE ELEMENTS AND SOLUTION OF THE SILVESTER EQUATION IN THE CLIFFORD ALGEBRAS R4,0, R1,3, R5,0
Authors: Kuznetsov Sergey P. , Mochalov Vladimir V. , Chuev Vasiliy P.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the work is to find an algorithm for finding inverse elements in the Clifford algebras R4,0, R1,3, R5,0 and to solve the nonlinear Sylvester equation . Materials and methods. Using the basic conjugation operations in Clifford algebras, finding an algorithm for finding inverse elements. Application of this algorithm to solve the Sylvester equation. Results of the work. In Clifford algebras R4,0, R1,3, R5,0, which have a great application in physics, a method for finding inverse elements and equations for finding zero divisors were found. The found algorithm is used to solve the Sylvester equation. For Clifford algebras of even dimension R4,0, R1,3 an algorithm for finding inverse elements is given. Finding inverse elements is closely related to the concept of zero divisors in these algebras. The inverse element method is used to solve the Sylvester equation, using even conjugation, reverse conjugation and Clifford conjugation. For the odd Clifford algebra R5,0, a conjugation is found that can be used to apply the algorithm for finding the inverse element. The method of finding the inverse element is used to solve the Sylvester equation, which, in particular, is used to ensure the robustness of the piezodrive using the controlled relative interval method. Findings. An algorithm for finding inverse elements is constructed and the Sylvester equation is solved in the Clifford algebras R4,0, R1,3, R5,0.
ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OF MAGNETOELECTRIC VALVE MOTOR AND DEFINITION INDUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF ITS WINDINGS
Authors: Afanasyev Aleksandr A. , Genin Valery S. , Vasileva Lidia N. , Ivanova Nadezhda N. , Vatkin Vladimir A. , Tokmakov Dmitry A.
Published: December 2023

To implement the dynamic properties of the designed valve motors and achieve the proper quality of transient processes in the drives of complex mechanisms, it is necessary to study their electromagnetic and functional characteristics with the calculation of the inductive parameters of the windings.

The purpose of the study is to study the electromagnetic and functional characteristics of the magnetoelectric valve motor and determine the inductive parameters of its windings.

Materials and methods. The magnetic field of the machine is divided into a set of horizontal stripes (mediums), analyzed independently of each other. It is assumed that the magnetic field in these stripes is plane-parallel, and at the boundaries of the selected stripes the conjugation conditions are met: scalar magnetic potentials and normal components of magnetic induction do not undergo a jump (discontinuity). The magnetomotive force of the stator winding, the coercive force of magnets and the magnetization of soft magnetic ferromagnetic media are considered as sources of the magnetic field. Expressions for describing scalar magnetic potentials and normal components of magnetic induction in selected bands are obtained using the Fourier variable separation method.

Research results. A study of the electromagnetic and functional characteristics of the motor was carried out using a mathematical model of the magnetoelectric valve motor based on the Fourier method of separation of variables with the division of the active region into homogeneous sections in the form of magnetic sheets. The model enables to determine magnetic inductions for any coordinate points x, y of the active region of the motor magnetic system. Expressions describing the inductive parameters of the windings are obtained, and the equations of the state of the motor are given for the case when the currents in the phase windings of the stator are in antiphase with their no-load EMF.

Conclusions. Mathematical models of valve motors, built on the basis of the Fourier variable separation method, make it possible to determine the electromagnetic characteristics of motors and the inductive parameters of windings necessary for calculating transient processes. The most effective is valve motor control, when the phase currents are in antiphase with the no-load EMF. In this mode, with the absence of longitudinal current and with a power factor close to unity, the equations of state of the motor are of the second order.
NEURAL NETWORK PROCESSING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ACOUSTIC SIGNALS TO IDENTIFY THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE AND DAMAGE OF POWER EQUIPMENT
Authors: Bashirov Mussa G. , Akchurin Damir Sh. , Kuvaytsev Kirill N. , Maksimochkin Dmitry E.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study is to develop and train an artificial neural network to identify the stress-strain state and damage to the metal of power equipment based on the values of the parameters of the harmonic components of the electromagnetic-acoustic transducer signal.

Materials and methods. Experimental study of the relationship between the parameters of the harmonic components of the signal of an electromagnetic-acoustic transducer with the stress-strain state and damage to the structure of standard metal samples, development of an artificial neural network and methods for its training to identify the stress-strain state and damage to the structure of the metal according to the loading diagram.

Results. Analysis of changes in the microstructure and frequency models of standard steel samples used in power engineering confirmed the possibility of identifying the stress-strain state and damage to the structure of metals based on the values of the parameters of the harmonic components of the electromagnetic-acoustic transducer signal. To solve this problem, an artificial neural network has been developed and trained. After training, the effectiveness of the network in identifying the stress-strain state and damage to the structure of metals reached 92.16%, which is acceptable for the tasks of recognizing the technical condition of metal structural elements of electrical installation equipment.

Conclusions. The use of an artificial neural network to identify the stress-strain state and damage to metal structures based on the harmonic parameters of the electromagnetic-acoustic transducer signal enables to identify areas of concentration of mechanical stress and damage to the metal structure at the early stage of development, thereby increasing reliability and safety operation of electrical equipment.
COMPARISON OF NEURAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURES TO PREDICTING ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BY ENTERPRISE
Authors: Bortnik Denis V. , Orlov Aleksandr I.
Published: December 2023

Forecasting of electricity consumption is a key tool for enterprises, energy supply and power grid organizations. Accurate forecasting enables to plan the distribution of limited resources of the power grid facilities, as well as to manage the demand for electricity. In the context of modern demand management technologies, improving the accuracy of forecasting of electricity consumption becomes especially important.

The purpose of the study is to improve the accuracy of predicting power consumption by the power supply object using neural networks.

Materials and methods. The work used a data set containing a profile of the enterprise’s capacity for a three-month period, as well as additional data, such as time of day, day of the week, weekends and holidays, month. The data set is divided into training and control parts. Preliminary data processing, neural network architecture design, training and testing were carried out. The criteria for the quality of training are the mean absolute error, the mean square error and the coefficient of determination.

Research results. In the work, a comparative analysis of three neural network architectures was performed: a one-dimensional convolutional network, a recurrent neural network with long-term and short-term memory, and WaveNet, on the basis of which their indicators of the quality of power consumption forecasting were evaluated. It was shown that all considered architectures of neural networks are suitable for the use in the issue of predicting power consumption. Long-term and short-term memory networks have shown good results in power prediction due to their ability to handle long-term time dependencies. The WaveNet architecture outperformed both long-term and short-term memory model-based recurrent neural networks and one-dimensional convolutional networks by selected criteria.

Conclusions. The study led to the conclusion that the use of neural networks, especially architectures with long-term and short-term memory and WaveNet, is an effective approach for predicting power consumption. The quality of forecasting significantly depends on the choice of hyperparameters and preliminary processing of the initial data. Prospect for further research in this area is studying the influence of various factors on the accuracy of forecasting and optimization of the learning process of neural networks.
APPLICATION OF THE DECISION TREE ALGORITHM TO EVALUATE THE RESULTS OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF TRANSFORMER OIL
Authors: Dimitriev Anton A. , Mikheev Georgi M. , Kalandarov Huseyjon U.
Published: December 2023

Power oil-filled transformer is the main link in the process of conversion and transmission of electrical energy in electrical networks at almost all voltage classes. At the moment in our country more than 50% of them are operated with significant excess of service life, which increases the requirements to their proper technical control and full-fledged diagnostics of all its main components.

The aim of the research is to consider the ways of simplification and automation of the process of technical diagnostics of power oil-filled equipment by means of application of artificial intelligence methods, namely the decision tree algorithm for evaluation of the results of chromatographic analysis of transformer oil.

Materials and Methods. As input data, the results of chromatographic analysis of dis-solved gases in transformer oil conducted from December 11, 2009 to December 12, 2020 for two power transformers of voltage class 110 kV installed in the power system of one of the regions of our country were considered and analyzed. As a software application used for diagnosing the technical condition of a power transformer using artificial intelligence methods, we selected the free application Deductor Academic 5.3 Build 0.46.

Research results. The article considers the application of a promising method (decision tree algorithm) of interpretation of data obtained as a result of chromatographic analysis of dissolved gases in transformer oil. The analysis data were processed by means of artificial intelligence methods, the result of which was the reliability and accuracy of determining the technical condition of the power oil-filled transformer.

Conclusions. According to the results of the study, a decision tree algorithm is proposed for the implementation of artificial intelligence in solving the problem of power transformer diagnostics using chromatographic analysis results.