bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genomic and In Vitro Phenotypic Comparisons of Epidemic and Non-Epidemic Getah Virus Strains
Authors: Mohamed-Romai-Noor Noor-Adila , Sam Sing-Sin , Teoh Boon-Teong , Hamim Zur-Raiha , AbuBakar Sazaly
Published: December 2021

Getah virus is an emerging mosquito-borne animal pathogen. Four phylogenetic groups of GETV, Group I (GI), GII, GIII and GIV, were identified. However, only the GETV GIII was associated with disease epidemics suggesting possible virulence difference in this virus group. Here, we compared the genetic and in vitro phenotypic characteristics between the epidemic and non-epidemic GETV. Our complete coding genome sequence analyses revealed several amino acid substitutions unique to the GETV GIII and GIV groups, which were found mainly in the hypervariable domain of nsP3 and E2 proteins. Replication kinetics of the epidemic (GIII MI-110 and GIII 14-I-605) and non-epidemic GETV strains (prototype GI MM2021 and GIV B254) were compared in mammalian Vero cells and mosquito C6/36 and U4.4 cells. In all cells used, both epidemic GETV GIII MI-110 and GIII 14-I-605 strains showed replication rates and mean maximum titers at least 2.7-fold and 2.3-fold higher than those of GIV B254, respectively (Bonferroni posttest, P<0.01). In Vero cells, the epidemic GETV strains caused more pronounced cytopathic effects in comparison to the GIV B254. Our findings suggest that higher virus replication competency to produce high virus titer during infection may be the main determinant of virulence and epidemic potential of GETV.
Enhanced Resistance To Fungal Pathogens in Transgenic Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Cultivar L14 by Overexpression of Gene encoding Chitinase 42 kDa from Trichoderma Asperellum SH16
Authors: Hoa Phung Thi Bich , Tue Nguyen Hoang , Trang Huynh Thi Quynh , Thu Hoang Anh , Nhung Le Ngoc Huyen , Luong Nguyen Ngoc , Huy Nguyen Xuan , Tien Nguyen Quang Duc , Loc Nguyen Hoang
Published: December 2021

This study reports the expression of 42 kDa chitinase genes from Trichoderma asperellum SH16 in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) roots under the regulation of tissue-specific Asy promoter through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The 42 kDa chitinase genes, including one wild-type sequence (Chi42) and two synthetic sequences (syncodChi42-1 and syncodChi42-2) which were optimized for codon usage for plant expression, were incorporated into the peanut genome and successfully expressed in their roots. The investigation revealed that the enzyme chitinase from two synthetic genes had higher activity than that from the wild-type gene, about 901 U/mg (140 U/mL) and 1124 U/mg (197 U/mL) vs about 508 U/mg (87 U/mL). Transgenic peanut roots also exhibited extracellular chitinase activity which was driven by signal peptide of rice amylase 3D gene against the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii under in vitro conditions. The higher chitinase activity of two synthetic genes in peanut roots promises potential applications in the field of transgenic crops against phytopathogenic fungi.
Amplification of Elliptically Polarized Sub-Femtosecond Pulses in Neon-Like X-Ray Laser Modulated By An IR Field
Authors: KHAIRULIN I. R. , АNTONOV V. А. , RYABIKIN М. YU. , BERRILL M. A. , SHLYAPTSEV V. N. , ROCCA J. J. , KOCHAROVSKAYA OLGA
Published: December 2021

Amplification of attosecond pulses produced via high harmonic generation is a formidable problem since none of the amplifiers can support the corresponding PHz bandwidth. Producing the well defined polarization state common for a set of harmonics required for formation of the circularly/elliptically polarized attosecond pulses (which are on demand for dynamical imaging and coherent control of the spin flip processes) is another big challenge. In this work we show how both problems can be tackled simultaneously on the basis of the same platform, namely, the plasma-based X-ray amplifier whose resonant transition frequency is modulated by an infrared field.
Positive Effects of Blue Light on Postural Control and Motor Coordination in Older Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Beaven C. Martyn , Uiga Liis , Hébert-Losier Kim
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Falls are a risk factor for mortality in older adults. Light interventions can improve cognitive function and performance in motor tasks, but the potential impact on postural control with relevance to falling is unknown. This study aimed to examine the effect of light on postural control, motor coordination, and cognitive functioning. Methods: Sixteen older adults participated in an intervention study that involved four counter-balanced sessions with blue-enriched light delivered visually and/or transcranially for 12 minutes. Postural control in three conditions (60 s eyes open, dual-task, and eyes closed), lower extremity motor coordination, and cognitive function were assessed. Area of sway (AoS), coordination, and cognitive function were compared between the groups via repeated-measured ANOVA. Results: Relative to placebo, visual blue-enriched light exposure clearly decreased AoS (d = 0.68 ±0.73; p =0.166) and improved reaction time in the motor coordination task (d = 1.44 ±0.75; p =0.004); however, no significant effect was seen on cognitive function. Conclusion Blue-enriched light demonstrates a novel clinical approach to positively impact on postural control and lower-limb motor coordination in older adults. By impacting on metrics associated with fall risk, blue-enriched light may provide a clinically meaningful countermeasure to decrease the human costs of falls.
Spray-Drying-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Effect of the Silver Nanoparticle Aggregate Size on the Enhancement of Raman Scattering
Authors: Matsumoto Chigusa , Gen Masao , Matsuki Atsushi , Seto Takafumi
Published: December 2021

We report a spray-drying method to fabricate silver nanoparticle (AgNP) aggregates for application in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). A custom-built system was used to fabricate AgNP aggregates of three sizes, 48, 86, and 218 nm, from drying droplets containing AgNPs atomized from an AgNP suspension. Sample solutions of Rhodamine B (RhB) at 10–6, 10–8, and 10–10 M concentrations were dropped onto the AgNP aggregates as probe molecules to examine the enhancement of the Raman signals of the RhB. The ordering of the analytical enhancement factors (AEFs) by aggregate size at a given RhB concentration was 86 nm > 218 nm > 48 nm. The AEFs of the 86 nm AgNP aggregates were higher than those of the 218-nm aggregates, although the 218-nm aggregates had more hot spots where Raman enhancement occurred. This finding was attributable to the deformation and damping of the electron cloud in the highly aggregated AgNPs, reducing the sensitivity for Raman enhancement. When RhB was premixed with the AgNP suspension prior to atomization, the AEFs at 10–8 M RhB rose ~100-fold compared to those in the earlier experiments (the post-dropping route). This significant enhancement was probably caused by the increased opportunity for the trapping of the probe molecules in the hot spots.
Cross Cultural Adaptation and Validation of a Spanish Version of VascuQol-6 Questionnaire.
Authors: Soria-Juan Barbara , Llanos Lucía , Moral Luis Riera , Aparicio César , Gonzalez Alejandro , Shaw Oliver , Fernández Ignacio Mahillo , Garcia-Arranz Mariano
Published: December 2021

Background:Outcomes in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are usually clinical alone, ignoring patient´s bio-psychological sphere. VascuQol-6 is a specific questionnaire aimed to asses quality of life of patients suffering PAD. Our objective was to carry out a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of VQ-6 questionnaire from original English version into Spanish, in order to have a rapid, sensitive and easy-to-apply clinical tool for evaluating HRQoL outcomes in PAD patients.MethodsA prospective study with 100 outpatients with PAD patients was carried out in two university hospitals. Patients completed the Spanish translated VasquQol-6 (VQ-6) questionnaire and the SF-12 questionnaire. Validation of the VQ-6 Spanish Version was assessed through statistical measurement of reliability, reproducibility and validity of the questionnaire. Reproducibility of the Spanish VQ-6 was assessed through Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, while Internal consistency was analyzed through Alpha Cronbach. Criterion Validity was assessed by comparing the SF-12 and with Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient. Construct Validity was assessed by comparing the results of the questionnaire with the stage of the PAD based on Rutherford-Becker Category.ResultsOn hundred patients were included in the study from July 2019 to January 2021. 82 % were male with a median age of 71.6 years. The reproducibility of the VQ-6 Spanish Version in each item was evaluated in a sample of 80 patients. Pain, Activity, Social and Emotional domains had ICC values ranging from 0.70 to 0.88, indicating a good agreement. The value obtained for Cronbach's Alpha was 0.89 using all the questions of the questionnaire, indicating a good internal consistency. VQ-6 and SF-12 showed positive correlations. The overall Pearson Correlation Coefficient was 0.77 for Physical SF-12, indicating an elevated Criterion Validity. Under´s curve area was 0.8, so discrimination capacity of VQ-6 Spanish Version to discriminate between IC and CLI was considered good.ConclusionVQ-6 Spanish Version is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluation of quality of life in patients suffering from PAD that can be used in clinical practice, adding a decision-base when evaluating different treatment options. This VQ-6 Spanish Version is intended to cover the spectrum of severity of PAD in Spanish-speaking patients.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04741321. Retrospectively registered on February 05,2021)
Analysis of lacrimal duct morphology from cone-beam CT dacryocystography in a Japanese population
Authors: Nakamura Jutaro , Kamao Tomoyuki , Mitani Arisa , Mizuki Nobuhisa , Shiraishi Atsushi
Published: December 2021

Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the first-line treatment for lacrimal duct stenosis and obstruction in western countries. Endoscopic-assisted nasolacrimal duct intubation (ENDI) is spreading steadily as a minimally invasive treatment in Northeast Asia. ENDI is prevalent in this area because Northeast Asians have relatively flat facial features, with a less elevated superior orbital rim than other ethnic groups. This allows for relatively easy manipulation of a dacryoendoscope. Evidence has accumulated that the morphology and inclination of the lacrimal duct differ among individuals and ethnic groups. In this study, we collected anthropometric data from a Japanese population of 100 samples—the parameters vital for designing a dacryoendoscope probe. The data we provided was essential in designing the overall length, bending point, and curve-line of the dacryoendoscope probe. Although the Japanese data measured in this study would not be directly applicable to other ethnic groups, we hope that the parameters provided by this study will contribute to the accumulation of valuable anthropometric data for the design of endoscopic probe morphologies and the development of therapeutic devices for lacrimal tract diseases—in terms of designing optimal morphologies, specific to ethnic groups and populations.
Bioresorbable implants vs. Kirschner-wires in the treatment of severely displaced distal paediatric radius and forearm fractures – a retrospective multicentre study
Authors: Varga Marcell
Published: December 2021

BackgroundDistal radius fractures are very common in paediatric patients. Severely displaced fractures may require surgical intervention. The gold standard surgical method is percutaneous K-wire osteosynthesis followed by immobilisation. Metal implants can be removed with a second intervention; however, these extra procedures can cause further complications. Several studies confirm the benefits of bioabsorbable implants for paediatric patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the complication rates of displaced distal metaphyseal radius and forearm fractures in children operated on with K-wires versus a novel technique with bioresorbable implants.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 94 patients in three paediatric trauma centres who underwent operations due to severely displaced distal forearm or metaphyseal radial fractures between January 2019 and January 2020. The mean age was 8.23 (ranging from 5-12). 30 patients (bioresorbable group, BR-group) were treated with biodegradable PLGA implants (Bioretec®, ActivaPin®), 40 patients with one or two stainless steel Kirschner-wires (K-wires, Sanatmetal®) which were buried under the skin (KW I-group) and 30 children with K-wires left outside the skin. (KWII. Group). We examined the number of minor and major complications as well as the need for repeated interventions. Follow-up was at least one year.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the complication rates at the two KW groups (p = 0.241; Cramer’s V = 0.211), while the complication rate of the BR group was significantly lower. (p = 0.049; Cramer’s V = 0.293 and p = 0.002; Cramer’s V = 0.418 respectively). No later than half a year after the injury, no difference was observed between the functional outcomes of the patients in each group. One and a half years after the injury, no signs of growth disturbance were found in any of the children. No second surgical intervention was required in the BR group.ConclusionsSurgeries with bioresorbable intramedullary implants may have fewer complications than K- wire osteosynthesis in the treatment of severely displaced distal forearm fractures. The benefits are most pronounced in the first six weeks after surgery, reducing the number of outpatient visits and increasing the child's sense of comfort. As no second intervention is required, this can lead to significant cost savings. After half a year, there is no difference in the outcomes between the different surgical treatment strategies.
Field response of three Tephritid fruit flies to three food-based attractants and suppression of Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) using Mazoferm–Spinosad in guava ecosystem in Sudan
Authors: Mahmoud Mohammed E. E. , Mohammed  ,   1Mohammed.  I. Bashir, and Fathya M. Khamis , Ekesi Sunday
Published: December 2021

Fruit flies of the genus Bactrocera are the most damaging pests of horticultural crops, leading to severe economic losses hindered exportation. Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) were reported in Sudan in 2005 and 2011 respectively affecting most of the fruits and vegetables in Sudan threatening income of poor farmers. Only Male Annihilation Technique (MAT) is applied in Sudan to manage the two Bactrocera species. A filed experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of B. dorsalis, B. zonata and Zeugodacus cucurbitae to three food-based attractants using McPhail traps in two sites in Gezira state, Sudan. Also, other trial was undertaken to determine the effect of spray of Mazoferm and Spinosad combination to control B. zonata. The results showed that food-based attractants lured both sexes of the above mentioned fruit flies and females represented (55-86%). At the first site, B. zonata responded in high numbers to Mazoferm followed by Torula yeast and GF-120 respectively while it responded equally to the Mazoferm and Torula yeast in the second site. B. dorsalis responded positively to Mazoferm followed by Torula yeast and GF-120 while Z. cucurbitae was attracted to Mazoferm, GF-120 and Torula for each attractant respectively. Spray of Mazoferm combined with Spinosad significantly reduced population of B. zonata (FTD) population and suppressed infestation level of guava fruits (fruit flies/Kg of fruits) when compared to unsprayed orchard. Bait Application Technique is an environmentally friendly approach that reduces infestation levels, lessen contamination and safeguard produce.
Palm oil extracts’ protected against cadmium chloride poisoning via inhibition of oxidative stress in rats”
Authors: ICHIPI-IFUKOR Patrick Chukwuyenum , ASAGBA Samuel Ogheneovo , NWOSE Chibueze , MORDI Joseph Chukwufumnanya , OYEM John Chukwuma
Published: December 2021

Background: The probable mechanism of an earlier reported capacity of palm oil extracts to confer protection against high dose cadmium poisoning in rats was reported in this study. Similar experimental design earlier reported by us was retained. Rats therefore were sacrificed at intervals of twelve; twenty four and forty eight hours post CdCl2 insult. Results: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione) were assessed in tissues (liver, kidney, heart, brain, muscle) and serum. Oxidative stress indicators showed a significantly (p<0.05) increased lipid peroxidation and alterations in antioxidant defence systems occasioned by drop in catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes (serum, liver, heart, brain and kidneys) of the rats. Also observed were significant (p<0.05) reduction in the non-enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione over time. Pre-administration of rats with the crude palm oil and its extracts modulated cadmium mediated depletion of the antioxidant capacities of rats acutely exposed to cadmium and rising lipid peroxidation profile. Conclusions: Regulation of stress and antioxidant response was the underlying mechanism by which the extracts conferred protection against high dose cadmium insult thus suggesting its potential as a viable therapeutic target against its deleterious effects.
Surface EMG-based Quantification of Inspiratory Effort: A Quantitative Comparison with Pes
Authors: Graßhoff Jan , Petersen Eike , Farquharson Franziska , Kustermann Max , Kabitz Hans-Joachim , Rostalski Philipp , Walterspacher Stephan
Published: December 2021

Background
Inspiratory patient effort under assisted mechanical ventilation is an important quantity for assessing patient-ventilator interaction and recognizing over and under assistance. An established clinical standard is respiratory muscle pressure Pmus, derived from esophageal pressure (Pes), which requires the correct placement and calibration of an esophageal balloon catheter. Surface electromyography (sEMG) of the respiratory muscles represents a promising and straightforward alternative technique, enabling non-invasive monitoring of patient activity.

Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted with patients under assisted mechanical ventilation, who were scheduled for elective bronchoscopy. Airway flow and pressure, esophageal/gastric pressures and sEMG of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles were recorded at four levels of pressure support ventilation. Patient efforts were quantified via the Pmus–time product (PTPmus), the transdiaphragmatic pressure–time product (PTPdi) and the EMG–time products (ETP) of the two sEMG channels. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, a method for automatically selecting the more informative of the sEMG channels was investigated. Correlation between ETP and PTPmus was assessed by determining a neuromechanical conversion factor KEMG between the two quantities. Moreover, it was investigated whether this scalar can be reliably determined from airway pressure during occlusion maneuvers, thus allowing to quantify inspiratory effort based solely on sEMG measurements.

Results
In total, 62 patients with heterogeneous pulmonary diseases were enrolled in the study, 43 of wich were included in the data analysis. The ETP of the two sEMG channels was well correlated with PTPmus (r=0.79±0.25 and r=0.84±0.16 for diaphragm and intercostal recordings, respectively). The proposed automatic channel selection method improved correlation with PTPmus (r=0.87±0.09). The neuromechanical conversion factor obtained by fitting ETP to PTPmus varied widely between patients (KEMG=4.32±3.73 cmH2O/μV) and was highly correlated with the scalar determined during occlusions (r=0.95, p<.001). The occlusion-based method for deriving PTPmus from ETP showed a breath-wise deviation to PTPmus of 0.43±1.73 cmH2Os across all datasets.

Conclusion
These results support the use of surface electromyography as a reliable non-invasive alternative for monitoring breath-by-breath inspiratory effort of patients under assisted mechanical ventilation.
Metal Based-oxide Nanoparticles Assisted the Uptake of the Essential Elements and Phytoremediation of Populus Alba : Essential Metabolic Processes and Genetic Stability
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed F. , Ibrahim Mostafa A. , Mansour Ahmed S. , Emam Ahmed N. , El-Razik Ashraf B. Abd , Tawfik Eman
Published: December 2021

The present study evaluated the phytoremediation activities of Populus alba upon using nano metal-based-oxides (i.e., Fe2O3, ZnO, and Mn2O3-NPs) as analogues of three main heavy metals Fe, Zn and Mn exist in soil as micronutrients at three different concentrations (i.e., 20, 40, and 60 mg/L) compared to the control. The as-prepared nanoparticles have been prepared via co-precipitation method. In addition, the physico-chemical properties were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering techniques. Overall, a significant difference in the biomass production-related parameters such as fresh weight, shoot length, root length, and root number compared to control upon the treatment with micronutrients-based nano-metal-oxides (i.e., Mn2O3 > Fe2O3 > ZnO NPs, respectively), except a significant increase in the root number of Populus alba plant upon their treatment with ZnO NPs compared to other prepared nano-metal-oxides and control. Also, a remarkable increase in the chlorophyll index was monitored upon treatment with Fe2O3 than other used Mn2O3 and ZnO NPs, respectively. Moreover, RAPD-PCR bioassays were applied and the actual 6 primers showed a genetic variation percentage of 34.17% indicating that Populus alba is highly genetically stable even in a highly contaminated environment/soil. All these data enhance the idea of using the Populus alba plant in phytoremediation and heavy metal uptake as micronutrients to clean up the surroundings.
AXL Regulates Neuregulin1 Expression Leading to Cetuximab Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Iida Mari , McDaniel Nellie , Kostecki Kourtney , Welke Noah , Kranjac Carlene , Longhurst Colin , Bruce Justine , Hong Seungpyo , Salgia Ravi , Wheeler Deric
Published: December 2021

Background
The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed and an important therapeutic target in Head and Neck cancer (HNC). Cetuximab is currently the only EGFR-targeting agent approved by the FDA for treatment of HNC; however, intrinsic and acquired resistance to cetuximab is a major problem in the clinic. Our lab previously reported that AXL leads to cetuximab resistance via activation of HER3.
Methods
In this study, we investigate the connection between AXL, HER3, and neuregulin1 (NRG1) gene expression with a focus on understanding how their interdependent signaling promotes resistance to cetuximab in head and neck cancer. Plasmid or siRNA transfections, cell proliferation assays, and clonogenic assays were conducted to test cetuximab sensitivity. Quantitative PCR and immunoblot analysis were used to analyze gene expression levels. Seven HNC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were evaluated for protein expression levels.
Results
We found that HER3 expression was necessary but not sufficient for cetuximab resistance without AXL expression. Our results demonstrated that addition of the HER3 ligand NRG1 to cetuximab-sensitive HNC cells leads to cetuximab resistance. Further, AXL-overexpressing cells regulate NRG1 at the level of transcription, thereby promoting cetuximab resistance. Immunoblot analysis revealed that NRG1 expression was relatively high in cetuximab-resistant HNC PDXs compared to cetuximab-sensitive HNC PDXs. Finally, genetic inhibition of NRG1 resensitized AXL-overexpressing cells to cetuximab.
Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that AXL may signal through HER3 via NRG1 to promote cetuximab resistance and that targeting of NRG1 could have significant clinical implications for HNC therapeutic approaches.
Development of Metasubject Competencies in High School Students
Authors: Kim Nikita
Published: December 2021

The present research featured the development of metasubject competences in high school students, who are known to lack these competencies. The research objective was to perform a sociological survey of the current situation. The methods involved analysis, synthesis, observation, and sociological survey. The paper describes the reasons behind the qualitatively low development of metasubject competencies in modern schoolchildren and contains some recommendations. The author also describes the relations between metasubject competencies and the concepts of hard and soft skills. The sociological survey involved high school students and their parents, who appeared to understand the importance of meta-specific competencies and their poor development in modern school environment. Both students and their parents demonstrated a strong dissatisfaction with the situation, in which the entire curriculum is aimed at passing the Unified State Exams. As a result, the school program concentrates on the development of subject knowledge, leaving behind metasubject skills.
Development of Communicative Foreign Language Competency in Management Students for Effective Business Communication
Authors: Stenyashina Nadezhda , Novikova Zhanna , Nazmutdinova Albina
Published: December 2021

Managers have to coordinate various production, economic, technical, and social tasks in order to achieve common goals. As a result, they need to be able to communicate with a wide net of diverse contacts in this country and abroad. Therefore, intercultural communication plays a very important role in the business sphere. The present research featured the development of communicative competency in students of management for effective business communication. Readiness for business communication in a foreign language is an important indicator of professionalism. The authors defined the concepts of communication, effective business communication, and communicative competency. They focused on the interdisciplinary approach to the development of competencies in future managers as part of such disciplines as Management, Organization, Personnel Management, Economic theory, World Economy, and Business Foreign Language. The competency of business foreign language communication is both the purpose of training and a quality indicator. The article introduces an effective technology of developing the communicative competency in students that major in management. It is an interdisciplinary complex of interactive methods, techniques, Internet sources, and training tools.
Human Rights in the Context of Asian and European Legal Values
Authors: Vinnichenko Oleg , Gladun Elena , Busurmanov Zhumabek
Published: December 2021

This article substantiates the need to consolidate human rights through various international legal mechanisms, including regional conventions on human rights that reflect specific legal and cultural values. The authors analyzed the Oriental legal values that differ from those in the Occidental. Borrowed elements of foreign culture and standard legal norms do not provide effective implementation of international documents at the national level. In fact, a lot of contemporary conflicts originate in the gap between the official legal ideology and the traditional legal consciousness, which is typical of most Asian countries. The interdisciplinary and civilizational (sociocultural) approaches revealed that most Shanghai Cooperation Organization countries adhere to the so-called Asian values, e.g. collectivism; priority of family, clan, and nation interests; idealization of the authorities; detachment from active political and legal life, adherence to moral norms, etc. The authors believe that, along with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, there may be regional concepts and international regional acts based on civilizational identity, historical memory and experience. Eurasian countries need a new concept of human rights, which will combine universal and Asian legal values, e.g. priority of the community and state over the individual; the advantage of public order over the personal rights and freedoms; common wellbeing; significance of moral and religious rules; admiration for strong political leaders, etc. This concept will make it possible to integrate Asian mentality, lore, and national philosophy into standard human rights. The concept might help to resolve various conflicts that occur between global legal ideology and traditional legal mentality of most Asian societies.
ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF UNDERWEAR, CLOTHES AND PERSONAL HYGIENE ITEMS IN THE COURSE OF EXPERIMENTS WITHIN PROJECT «SIRIUS»
Authors:   Institute for Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Shumilina I.V.
Published: December 2021

For the 17- and 120-day isolation campaigns within project SIRIUS, the stock of personal hygiene items (PHIs), underwear and clothes was supplied in compliance with the current ISS rates of consumption. Over 120 questionnaires filled by the human subjects made possible estimation of the total weight of these provisions in a mission to the Moon, and get feedback about the hygienic means and methods. The hygienic comfort of 6 crewmembers of the 120-d isolation campaign required more than 500 kg of underwear, bedclothes, towels, personal hygiene items, pieces of toilet and household essentials, which are also musts in a mission to the Moon and back. Long-duration missions and sojourns on lunar and Mars bases will call for designing arrangements for personal hygiene, shower, dish washing and laundry integrated with regenerative life support systems. Results of the investigation showed effectiveness of the sanitation and hygiene system and its functional significance.
METHOD OF DEFINING THE OBJECT FREE ZONES ON CLOSE-TO-AERODROME TERRITORIES BY THE CRITERION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INFLUENCE ON POPULATION AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Soldatov S.K. , Zelenin A.N. ,   Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Dragan S.P. ,   Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Shishov А.А. ,   Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Zinkin V.N. ,   Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Bogomolov A.V. ,   Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Tamilin А.А. ,   Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Kharitonov V.V. ,   Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow
Published: December 2021

The method of defining the object free zones on close-to-aerodrome territories is calculation based on the data of electromagnetic fields from radio landing aids and air-ground communication stations. The core of it is division of the antenna surface into Huygens wavelets with subsequent summing up the radiation field from all wavelets at a specified point. The method can be used to construct the lines of equal peak and equivalent EMF strength levels that do not exceed admissible values on their outer boundary and beyond, and to substantiate measures intended to assure sanitary-epidemiological wellbeing on close-to-aerodrome territory.
relationship between planned behavior family factors and intention to study abroad
Authors: Nguyet Nguyen Anh
Published: December 2021

This study explores the relationship between planned behaviour, i.e. attitude towards behaviour, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control and coherence towards intention to enrich the literature - Vietnamese students studying abroad at university. In addition, the study also explores the factors related to family cohesion to the intention of Vietnamese students to study abroad. This study was conducted through a cross-sectional survey using a targeted sampling technique (n=350). The SEM model was used to test the hypotheses. The SEM model proved that: The decisive factor affects the intention to study abroad with the coefficient of Regression Weight = 0.222. The subjective norm factor (norm) affects the intent variable with the coefficient of Regression Weight = 0.138; The behavioural intention control factor affects the intent factor with Regression Weights = 0.276; The factor through family cohesion (cohesion) affects the intent factor with Regression Weights = 0.159. The conclusions of this study provide valuable data for study abroad managers, universities, study abroad consulting service providers and families who want to invest in their children to study abroad.
Prueba inmunocromatográfica rápida en el diagnóstico del moquillo canino
Authors: Nunes da Silva Pablo Honório , De Fátima Dallo Bianca , Aguiar-Pesenti Anne Caroline , Medeiros Jucemara Madel , Martins André , Pereira-Machado Luciana
Published: December 2021

Objetivo. Evaluar el uso de una prueba inmunocromatográfica rápida, asociada con el recuento sanguíneo completo y la búsqueda de inclusiones virales como método de diagnóstico de moquillo en perros. Materiales y métodos. Diecinueve perros, machos y hembras, de 2 a 120 meses, con sospecha clínica de moquillo fueron examinados en el Hospital Veterinario de la UFFS. Se recogieron hisopos conjuntivales para realizar la prueba inmunocromatográfica rápida y también se sacaron muestras de 3 a 5 ml de sangre para el recuento sanguíneo completo y la investigación del corpúsculo de Lentz. Después de realizar el recuento sanguíneo, la sangre se centrifugó y el plasma se usó para realizar una segunda prueba. Resultados. De los 19 animales sospechosos, 7 fueron positivos en la prueba rápida, tanto en plasma sanguíneo como en material de torunda conjuntival, en 2 de estos se observaron cuerpos de Lentz. Conclusiones. La asociación de la prueba inmunocromatográfica rápida con el recuento sanguíneo completo en perros con sospecha clínica de moquillo mejora las posibilidades de diagnóstico de la enfermedad en la fase aguda y la prueba también se puede realizar con plasma sanguíneo, utilizando la misma muestra enviada para el recuento sanguíneo completo. El estudio hematológico reveló que la anemia y la linfopenia son los principales cambios en los animales positivos.
Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Difficult Airway and First-Pass Success in the Emergency Department: Multicenter Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Yamanaka Syunsuke , Goto Tadahiro , Morikawa Koji , Watase Hiroko , Okamoto Hiroshi , Hagiwara Yusuke , Hasegawa Kohei
Published: December 2021

Background

There is still room for improvement in the modified LEMON (look, evaluate, Mallampati, obstruction, neck mobility) criteria for difficult airway prediction and no prediction tool for first-pass success in the emergency department (ED).

Objective

We applied modern machine learning approaches to predict difficult airways and first-pass success.

Methods

In a multicenter prospective study that enrolled consecutive patients who underwent tracheal intubation in 13 EDs, we developed 7 machine learning models (eg, random forest model) using routinely collected data (eg, demographics, initial airway assessment). The outcomes were difficult airway and first-pass success. Model performance was evaluated using c-statistics, calibration slopes, and association measures (eg, sensitivity) in the test set (randomly selected 20% of the data). Their performance was compared with the modified LEMON criteria for difficult airway success and a logistic regression model for first-pass success.

Results

Of 10,741 patients who underwent intubation, 543 patients (5.1%) had a difficult airway, and 7690 patients (71.6%) had first-pass success. In predicting a difficult airway, machine learning models—except for k-point nearest neighbor and multilayer perceptron—had higher discrimination ability than the modified LEMON criteria (all, P≤.001). For example, the ensemble method had the highest c-statistic (0.74 vs 0.62 with the modified LEMON criteria; P<.001). Machine learning models—except k-point nearest neighbor and random forest models—had higher discrimination ability for first-pass success. In particular, the ensemble model had the highest c-statistic (0.81 vs 0.76 with the reference regression; P<.001).

Conclusions

Machine learning models demonstrated greater ability for predicting difficult airway and first-pass success in the ED.
Accuracy and Acceptability of Wrist-Wearable Activity-Tracking Devices: Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Germini Federico , Noronha Noella , Borg Debono Victoria , Abraham Philip Binu , Pete Drashti , Navarro Tamara , Keepanasseril Arun , Parpia Sameer , de Wit Kerstin , Iorio Alfonso
Published: December 2021

Background

Numerous wrist-wearable devices to measure physical activity are currently available, but there is a need to unify the evidence on how they compare in terms of acceptability and accuracy.

Objective

The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review of the literature to assess the accuracy and acceptability (willingness to use the device for the task it is designed to support) of wrist-wearable activity trackers.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTDiscus for studies measuring physical activity in the general population using wrist-wearable activity trackers. We screened articles for inclusion and, for the included studies, reported data on the studies’ setting and population, outcome measured, and risk of bias.

Results

A total of 65 articles were included in our review. Accuracy was assessed for 14 different outcomes, which can be classified in the following categories: count of specific activities (including step counts), time spent being active, intensity of physical activity (including energy expenditure), heart rate, distance, and speed. Substantial clinical heterogeneity did not allow us to perform a meta-analysis of the results. The outcomes assessed most frequently were step counts, heart rate, and energy expenditure. For step counts, the Fitbit Charge (or the Fitbit Charge HR) had a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) <25% across 20 studies. For heart rate, the Apple Watch had a MAPE <10% in 2 studies. For energy expenditure, the MAPE was >30% for all the brands, showing poor accuracy across devices. Acceptability was most frequently measured through data availability and wearing time. Data availability was ≥75% for the Fitbit Charge HR, Fitbit Flex 2, and Garmin Vivofit. The wearing time was 89% for both the GENEActiv and Nike FuelBand.

Conclusions

The Fitbit Charge and Fitbit Charge HR were consistently shown to have a good accuracy for step counts and the Apple Watch for measuring heart rate. None of the tested devices proved to be accurate in measuring energy expenditure. Efforts should be made to reduce the heterogeneity among studies.
Accuracy of Self-reported Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Status Among Gay and Bisexual Adolescent Males: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chow Eric PF , Fairley Christopher K , Wigan Rebecca , Hocking Jane S , Garland Suzanne M , Cornall Alyssa M , Tabrizi Sepehr N , Chen Marcus Y
Published: December 2021

Background

Men who have sex with men are a risk group for anal human papillomavirus (HPV) and anal cancer. Australia introduced a universal school-based HPV vaccination program in 2013. Self-reported HPV vaccination status has been widely used in clinical and research settings, but its accuracy is understudied.

Objective

We aimed to examine the accuracy of self-reported HPV vaccination status among gay and bisexual adolescent males.

Methods

We included 192 gay and bisexual males aged 16-20 years from the Human Papillomavirus in Young People Epidemiological Research 2 (HYPER2) study in Melbourne, Australia. All participants had been eligible for the universal school-based HPV vaccination program implemented in 2013 and were asked to self-report their HPV vaccination status. Written informed consent was obtained to verify their HPV vaccination status using records at the National HPV Vaccination Program Register and the Australian Immunisation Register. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of self-reported HPV vaccination status.

Results

The median age of the 192 males was 19 (IQR 18-20) years. There were 128 males (67%) who had HPV vaccination records documented on either registry. Self-reported HPV vaccination had a sensitivity of 47.7% (95% CI 38.8%-56.7%; 61/128), a specificity of 85.9% (95% CI 75.0%-93.4%; 55/64), a positive predictive value of 87.1% (95% CI 77.0%-93.9%; 61/70), and a negative predictive value of 45.1% (95% CI 36.1%-54.3%; 55/122).

Conclusions

Self-reported HPV vaccination status among Australian gay and bisexual adolescent males underestimates actual vaccination and may be inaccurate for clinical and research purposes.
Optimizing a Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention to Improve Dietary Adherence in Behavioral Obesity Treatment: Protocol for a Microrandomized Trial
Authors: Goldstein Stephanie P , Zhang Fengqing , Klasnja Predrag , Hoover Adam , Wing Rena R , Thomas John Graham
Published: December 2021

Background

Behavioral obesity treatment (BOT) is a gold standard approach to weight loss and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, frequent lapses from the recommended diet stymie weight loss and prevent individuals from actualizing the health benefits of BOT. There is a need for innovative treatment solutions to improve adherence to the prescribed diet in BOT.

Objective

The aim of this study is to optimize a smartphone-based just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) that uses daily surveys to assess triggers for dietary lapses and deliver interventions when the risk of lapse is high. A microrandomized trial design will evaluate the efficacy of any interventions (ie, theory-driven or a generic alert to risk) on the proximal outcome of lapses during BOT, compare the effects of theory-driven interventions with generic risk alerts on the proximal outcome of lapse, and examine contextual moderators of interventions.

Methods

Adults with overweight or obesity and cardiovascular disease risk (n=159) will participate in a 6-month web-based BOT while using the JITAI to prevent dietary lapses. Each time the JITAI detects elevated lapse risk, the participant will be randomized to no intervention, a generic risk alert, or 1 of 4 theory-driven interventions (ie, enhanced education, building self-efficacy, fostering motivation, and improving self-regulation). The primary outcome will be the occurrence of lapse in the 2.5 hours following randomization. Contextual moderators of intervention efficacy will also be explored (eg, location and time of day). The data will inform an optimized JITAI that selects the theory-driven approach most likely to prevent lapses in a given moment.

Results

The recruitment for the microrandomized trial began on April 19, 2021, and is ongoing.

Conclusions

This study will optimize a JITAI for dietary lapses so that it empirically tailors the provision of evidence-based intervention to the individual and context. The finalized JITAI will be evaluated for efficacy in a future randomized controlled trial of distal health outcomes (eg, weight loss).

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04784585; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04784585

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/33568
Development and utility of m-health enabled nutrition informatics intervention for self-care management of type 2 diabetes in home settings (Preprint)
Authors: Sinha Abhijeet Prasad , Singhal Manmohan , Gupta Mansi , Joshi Ashish
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Diabetes represents an important public health challenge in India and Globally. It affects quality of life and is one of the leading causes of death and disability. The burden on global health is huge and about 463 million adults are currently living with diabetes. 77 million people in India in the age group of 20-79 years are affected by this pandemic and total cost to health expenditure is 8 billion US dollars, therefore huge burden, and great economic cost on Public health. The self-management of diabetes, the research priorities include exploring the concept of diabetes self-management and major research questions would comprise of asking what affects self-management in persons with diabetes and how do m-health application and interventions can impact on the self-management behaviors in development, utility of the m-health app in self-management of person with diabetes. Therefore, this project research is of great significance and would bring an integrative approach on self-care management

OBJECTIVE

To design, develop and evaluate the impact of m-health enabled nutrition informatics intervention for home based self-management of type 2 diabetes in an Indian setting.

METHODS

A mixed research study will be conducted between January 2022 and January 2023. A sample of approximately 250 individuals will be recruited and enrolled using a nonprobability complete enumeration sampling method from selected urban settings of Delhi inclusion and exclusion criteria with age20-79 years male and female with Type 2 diabetes and have access to Smart phone Data will be collected using which questionnaires. The collected data will be used to assess use and utility of mobile health application developed. The knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs regarding Diabetes self-care management. Lastly, the study questionnaire system usability survey(SUS) will be used to assess the usability of mobile applications on selfcare management of Diabetes

RESULTS

A pilot of 250 individuals has been conducted to pretest the DBMS questionnaire. The data collection will be initiated from January 2022, and the initial results are planned for publication by October 2022.Descriptive analysis of the gathered data will be performed using SPSS V11, and reporting of the results will be done at 95% CIs and P=.0.05.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of the study would inform the elements essential for the development of m-health intervention to improve self-care management of diabetes at home settings. The usefulness and acceptance of the proposed intervention will be conducted.

CLINICALTRIAL

DITU/UREC/2021/07/10