bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of distinct molecular pathways in migraine induction using calcitonin gene-related peptide and sildenafil
Authors: Younis Samaira , Christensen Casper E , Toft Nikolaj M , Søborg Thomas , Amin Faisal M , Hougaard Anders , Ashina Messoud
Published: November 2019

Objective

Migraine displays clinical heterogeneity of attack features and attack triggers. The question is whether this heterogeneity is explained by distinct intracellular signaling pathways leading to attacks with distinct clinical features. One well-known migraine-inducing pathway is mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate and another by cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Calcitonin gene-related peptide triggers migraine via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway and sildenafil via the cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. To date, no studies have examined whether migraine induction mediated via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathways yields similar attacks within the same patients.

Methods

Patients were subjected to migraine induction on two separate days using calcitonin gene-related peptide (1.5 µg/min for 20 minutes) and sildenafil (100 mg) in a double-blind, randomized, double-dummy, cross-over design. Data on headache intensity, characteristics and accompanying symptoms were collected until 24 hours after drug administration.

Results

Thirty-four patients were enrolled and 27 completed both study days. Seventeen patients developed migraine after both study drugs (63%; 95% CI: 42–81). Eight patients developed migraine on one day only (seven after sildenafil and one after calcitonin gene-related peptide). Two patients did not develop migraine on either day. Headache laterality, nausea, photophobia and phonophobia were similar between drugs in 77%, 65%, 100%, and 94%, respectively, of the 17 patients who developed attacks on both days.

Conclusion

A majority of patients developed migraine after both calcitonin gene-related peptide and sildenafil. This supports the hypothesis that the cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate intracellular signaling pathways in migraine induction converge in a common cellular determinator, which ultimately triggers the same attacks. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03143465.
Terrorist organizations: Group-analytic and psychoanalytic perspectives
Authors: Geller Shulamit , Shadach Eran
Published: November 2019

In the present article, we aim to broaden our understanding of the phenomenon of terror in terms of group-analytic and psychoanalytic conceptualizations (Freud, 1915; Shadach et al., 2017; Harris and Meltzer, 1976; Hopper, 2003a, 2003b, 2009). We present a conceptualization of what we call a ‘dynamic terror matrix’ and characterize its unique features using Da’esh1 as an illustrative example. As Da’esh is an extremist organization (Lahoud, 2014; Omer and Schweitzer, 2016; Ryan, 2015), with a systematic and future-oriented ideology it constitutes a social phenomenon that exemplifies major features of the ‘dynamic terror matrix’.
Mothering Work and Perinatal Transfer: An Institutional Ethnographic Investigation
Authors: Ringham Catherine L. , MacKinnon Karen
Published: November 2019

Background

While maternal or infant transfer is generally the safest course of action when health complications arise, the process of shifting from one hospital to another is stressful for mothers and their infants. There is limited understanding of how institutional processes coordinate patient transfer in ways that increase tensions for women and their families who are trying to navigate the institutional systems during health crises.

Methods

This institutional ethnographic study explored womens’ experience of transfer. Interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of six childbearing women. The analysis highlights tensions and contradictions between patient care and institutional demands and shows how ordinary institutional decision-making practices impacted participants in unexpected ways.

Results

Women experienced uncertainty and stress when trying to convince health-care providers they needed care. Before, during, and after transfer, participants navigated home responsibilities, childcare, and getting care closer to home in difficult circumstances.

Conclusion

The effort and skill women need to care for their infants and families as they are transferred is extraordinary. This study offers insight into the resources and support childbearing women need to accomplish the work of caring for their families in the face of perinatal crisis and multiple transfers.
Synthesis and assessment of poly(acrylic acid)/polyvinylpyrrolidone interpenetrating network as a matrix for oral mucosa cells
Authors: Oliver Urrutia Carolina , Rosales-Ibáñez Raúl , Dominguez García Ma Victoria , Flores-Estrada Jaime , Flores-Merino Miriam V
Published: November 2019

Interpenetrating polymer network are a combination of two or more polymers that allow creating a new material with a unique set of properties. An ideal scaffold for an extracellular matrix could be achieved by the combination of polymers to improve the scaffold’s physical and chemical characteristics. The aim of this work was to synthesize and characterize an interpenetrating polymer network of polyvinylpyrrolidone and poly(acrylic acid) in contact with cells of the oral mucosa. A sequential synthesis method was performed, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone xerogel to the acrylic acid monomer. Infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize these networks. Differences in swelling kinetics, porosity, and density were also studied. A similar swelling degree and percentage of porosity between interpenetrating polymer network and poly(acrylic acid) were found. Also, maximum swelling was achieved in both networks at the same time point. The hemocompatibility and cell viability of the networks in contact with oral mucosa cells was also evaluated. Cytotoxicity analysis indicates that the interpenetrating polymer network is not toxic for oral mucosa cells. Additionally, the percentage of hemolysis was reduced when both poly(acrylic acid) and polyvinylpyrrolidone were combined as an interpenetrating polymer network. The results indicate that the combination of both polymers as an interpenetrating polymer network generated a suitable matrix for oral mucosa cells.
Sexual Violence Among Gender and Sexual Minority College Students: The Risk and Extent of Victimization and Related Health and Educational Outcomes
Authors: Kammer-Kerwick Matt , Wang Alexander , McClain T’Shana , Hoefer Sharon , Swartout Kevin M. , Backes Bethany , Busch-Armendariz Noël
Published: November 2019

A multisite survey conducted at eight campuses of a southwestern university system provides the data for the present study, total N = 17,039 with 1,869 gender and sexual minority (GSM) students. Sexual violence was measured using the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES), and analysis included both the participant’s risk of experiencing sexual violence and the extent (or total count) of sexual violence experienced. This study poses the following research questions: What effects do gender identity and sexual orientation have on the risk and extent of sexual violence among students and, among victims, what is the relationship between gender identity/sexual orientation and mental health (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], depression) and academic environment (disengagement and safety) outcomes for university students? Multilevel, random effect hurdle models captured this sequential victimization dynamic. GSM and cisgender heterosexual (CH) female students are predicted to be 2.6 and 3 times, respectively, as likely to experience sexual violence compared with CH male students. In addition, GSM students experiencing sexual violence are also expected to experience a greater number of sexually violent acts (74% more) over their college career compared with victimized CH male students. The models confirm that the risk of victimization increases over time (13% per year for CH male students), but GSM students are expected to experience an additional (10%) increase in risk of victimization per year compared with CH male students. GSM and CH female students are also predicted to be more likely to have PTSD and experience more severe depression symptoms than CH male students. GSM students are expected to experience significantly higher rates of PTSD, worse depressive symptoms, and greater disengagement than CH female students. The discussion explores how institutions of higher education might recognize the resilience of GSM students and consider the protective potential of social and community support when developing programs or interventions for diverse populations.
Health System Pharmacist Protocol for Myocarditis Monitoring in Clozapine-Naïve Inpatients—Two Years’ Experience
Authors: McNutt Sera E. , Morrow Gina , Waters Kristin , Cooper Chandra , Crish Elizabeth
Published: November 2019

Objective:

To describe the implementation and efficacy of a pharmacist-driven clozapine myocarditis monitoring protocol including 2 cases of clozapine-induced myocarditis identified using this protocol.

Methods:

In February 2015, the health system formulary committee approved changes to an existing pharmacist-driven protocol to allow for myocarditis monitoring in patients initiated on clozapine therapy based on an algorithm published by Ronaldson et al in 2011. The monitoring includes the measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP; via high-sensitivity CRP [hsCRP] serum test) and troponin at baseline and then weekly for 4 weeks. Patients initiated on clozapine therapy between March 2015 and February 2017 and monitored according to the aforementioned protocol are described in this article.

Results:

A total of 38 patients were initiated on clozapine therapy during the specified data collection period. Of these 38 patients, 4 screened positive for early signs of myocarditis according to the monitoring protocol, and 2 of those 4 patients were confirmed by cardiology consultation to have clozapine-induced myocarditis. Both of these patients experienced a full cardiac recovery upon discontinuation of clozapine.

Conclusion:

A pharmacist-driven myocarditis monitoring protocol for clozapine-naïve patients may help to identify early signs of clozapine-induced myocarditis and therefore mitigate potentially life-threatening complications by prompting early discontinuation of the inciting drug.
The predictive power of track dynamic response for monitoring ballast degradation in turnouts
Authors: Asadzadeh Seyed Mohammad , Galeazzi Roberto
Published: November 2019

This paper develops a novel method for the prediction of the level of degradation of the ballast layer in railway turnouts by establishing a statistical mapping between the train-induced vertical track acceleration and the vertical track geometry. This is performed by exploiting the full-scale data provided by a loaded geometry car and the track-side sensing system over a two-year period. Irregularities in the vertical track geometry are analyzed and correlated with the level of ballast degradation by means of fractal analysis. Partial least squares regression is then employed to identify the components of the power spectral density of vertical track acceleration, which provided more information about the ballast degradation. The proposed method has a remarkable predictive power of the ballast degradation as evaluated both in terms of accuracy and consistency of the prediction. The reported results, based on the data from four different locations of the turnout before and after a ballast tamping event, show a mean absolute prediction error between 2% and 8% and a minimum correlation greater than 90%. The proposed method enables the continuous monitoring of the track substructure components by exploiting the vertical track acceleration as a supplementary source for the prediction of ballast degradation.
A feminist approach to dating violence prevention: Creating change towards safety, equality and mutuality
Authors: Ustunel Anil Ozge
Published: November 2019

The effectiveness of dating violence prevention programs in changing behaviors, attitudes and knowledge related to perpetration and victimization has been well documented in the literature. However, little attention has been paid to the question of how such positive outcomes have been obtained, and the debate continues as to their underlying theoretical rationale. The present study aimed to fill this gap by designing a dating violence prevention program from a feminist approach and to investigate the processes of change with a constructivist grounded theory methodology. Towards this goal, 56 Turkish college students completed the program and later participated in semi-structured individual interviews. The analysis showed that the program initiated a gradual move towards safety, equality and mutuality in dating and intimate relations through four processes: changing perspectives and norms, learning from peers, reflecting on self, and acting differently. Some of the processes were experienced differently depending on the nature of prior or current dating experiences and the strength of sexist beliefs. The present study argues that a feminist approach proves to be a useful framework for dating violence prevention efforts and concludes with recommendations for future preventive work.
ERA Merewether – And asbestos
Authors: Waldron Tony
Published: November 2019

After a succession of posts and studying for the Bar, Edward Merewether joined the Medical Inspectorate of Factories in 1927. Not long thereafter he was asked to undertake a study of the effects of asbestos exposure on the lungs. His results showed that asbestos workers had a significant risk of developing pulmonary fibrosis and this resulted in the promulgation of regulations to limit exposure. Some years later, Merewether showed that asbestos workers also had a higher than expected risk of developing lung cancer, but on this occasion there was no further protective legislation, and the association was not generally accepted until some years later. Merewether’s name is inextricably linked with the risks of asbestos exposure but after his death the importance of his efforts was often played down by those who wished to show that the government had not acted quickly enough, or vigorously enough to control the hazard. The contention of this paper is that these criticisms are not justified and that Merewether acted to the best of his ability, given the conditions and knowledge current at the time he was working.
Impact of Proactive Postsales Service and Cross-Selling Activities on Customer Churn and Service Calls
Authors: Becker Jan U. , Spann Martin , Barrot Christian
Published: November 2019

In recent years, service providers have identified the proactive postsales service (PPS) as a viable measure for preempting service failures and their negative consequences. Due to the high costs associated with PPSs, companies are looking for ways to increase their efficiency. To understand how companies can increase their revenues and lower their costs, this study investigates how cross-selling activities and different media types affect the impact of a PPS on inbound service calls and customer churn. Based on a large-scale field experiment in the telecommunications industry, as well as a controlled lab experiment, the results demonstrate the overall effectiveness of the PPS and indicate two mediating effects. While the effect of cross-selling on customer churn and service calls is mediated by the customers’ uncertainty regarding the company’s motives, it is the customers’ perception of privacy invasion that mediates the influence of the contact medium on the effectiveness of the PPS. Our finding that PPS contacts have to be clear in their message and should not be perceived as invasive is an indication of the importance of service-(post)sales ambidexterity.
Variations in ATP7B in cats with primary copper-associated hepatopathy
Authors: Asada Hajime , Chambers James K , Kojima Mari , Goto-Koshino Yuko , Nakagawa Taisuke , Yokoyama Nozomu , Tsuboi Masaya , Uchida Kazuyuki , Tsujimoto Hajime , Ohno Koichi
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Primary copper-associated hepatopathy (PCH) has been reported in young cats. Although our group recently reported a young cat with PCH harbouring single-nucleotide variations in ATP7B, limited information is available regarding its association with the pathogenesis of feline PCH. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ATP7B variations in cats with PCH.

Methods

Rhodanine staining was performed to detect hepatic copper accumulation (HCA) in intraoperative liver tissue specimens from 54 cats. In cats with HCA, variations in ATP7B and COMMD1 and serum ceruloplasmin activity were analysed.

Results

Based on age, liver histopathological findings and hepatic distribution of accumulated copper, PCH was suspected in 4/54 cats. Sequence analysis of ATP7B and COMMD1 revealed single-nucleotide variations in ATP7B in 3/4 cats with PCH. Among the cats with PCH, one showed remarkably low serum ceruloplasmin activity, while the other three did not.

Conclusions and relevance

The results of this study suggest that some cats with PCH harbour single-nucleotide variations in ATP7B, suggesting that feline PCH is an equivalent disorder to human Wilson’s disease. This study provides basic evidence facilitating further studies of the pathophysiology and treatment of feline PCH.
Effect of nano-sized particles on grain structure and mechanical behavior of friction stir welded Al-nanocomposites
Authors: Singh Tanvir , Tiwari SK , Shukla DK
Published: November 2019

Weldability of heat-treatable 6061-T6 aluminum alloy results in deterioration of mechanical properties due to dissolution of strengthening precipitates in the nugget zone of friction stir welded joints. These properties were improved by addition of reinforcement particles in the weld joint line. In the present work, attempts were made to produce 6061-T6 Al-based nanocomposites using the friction stir welding process by incorporating titanium oxide nanoparticles into the aluminum matrix for microstructure refining of the nugget zone and prevent the grain growth in the heat-affected zone. The effect of addition of nanoparticles on the evolution of grains structure and mechanical behavior of friction stir welded samples based on different combinations of rotational and travel speed was studied and discussed. Results revealed that the unreinforced samples were successfully welded at both low and high heat inputs, whereas the reinforced samples are not feasible at tool rotational speed (ω) < 2000 r/min and transverse speed (v) > 70 mm/min, respectively. The significant refining of grains in the nugget zone is possible with addition of nanoparticles via the Zener-pinning effect. A more pronounced increment in tensile strength, microhardness, and wear properties was observed compared to sample without nanoparticles under the same processing parameters due to embedment of nano-sized particles in the weld nugget zone.
Dual energy CT in the management of antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke for carotid obstruction
Authors: Murias Eduardo , Vega Pedro , Lopez-Cancio Elena , Peña Jorge , Morales Edison , Benavente Lorena , González Montserrat , Larrosa Davinia , Rico Maria , Riesco Nuria , Cadenas Maria , Jimenez Jose Maria , Chaviano Juan , Saiz Antonio , Calleja Sergio , Arias Faustino
Published: November 2019

Background and purpose

Acute tandem occlusions often require carotid stenting. Combination of mechanical and pharmacologic therapies in addition to antiplatelet drugs administered to prevent acute stent thrombosis might increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. We present a protocol of antiplatelet regimen based on early post-procedural dual-energy CT (DE-CT).

Material and methods

Fifty consecutive stroke patients with tandem occlusions treated with acute carotid stenting after intracranial thrombectomy and TICI 2b/3 were reviewed. All patients received intravenous lysine acetylsalicylate during the procedure. Dual (aspirin+clopidogrel with or without clopidogrel load, groups A and B, respectively) or mono (aspirin) antiplatelet regimen (group C) was administered 12–24 h later according to brain DE-CT findings. Carotid ultrasonography was performed at 24 h and before discharge. We evaluated the rate of subsequent symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) and acute stent thrombosis in each group.

Results

Between June 2014 and December 2016, 50 patients were included (mean age 66 years, 76% men, baseline NIHSS 16, median time from symptom onset to recanalization 266 min). According to DE-CT, 24 patients were assigned to group A, 19 to group B and 7 to group C (4 of them had SICH at that time). One patient suffered a subsequent SICH (belonging to group B). There was only one stent thrombosis without clinical repercussions in group B.

Conclusions

DE-CT may contribute to select antiplatelet regimen after acute carotid stenting in tandem occlusions.
Remapping citizenship: Relationships between education levels and ethnonational identities in Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Liberia
Authors: Quaynor Laura , Borkorm Bright
Published: November 2019

This article investigates the relationships between ethnonational identity and educational level in three West African contexts: Liberia, Ghana, and Côte d’Ivoire. Citizens in these neighboring countries identify with overlapping ethnic groups, but have varied historical experiences, with Americans settling in Liberia; the British colonizing Ghana, and the French colonizing Côte d’Ivoire. In the recent era, Côte d’Ivoire elected an opposition leader at the end of its civil war in 2010; Ghana is considered as the most stable democracy in West Africa; and Liberia experienced two protracted conflicts over the past 30 years and completed its first peaceful transition of power in 2017. We analyze 2014 Afrobarometer data from these three countries to consider if respondents are more likely to value local identities, national identities, or equally value both in each context, and how these valuations vary according to schooling experiences and national context. The findings do not show a linear relationship between education and civic identity, as more respondents who completed only primary school identified primarily with ther national group than those who completed secondary school. Most respondents who completed graduate study in all three countries identified with both their national and ethnic group; none identified primarily with their ethnic groups. In addition, the trends in identity and schooling in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire are more similar to each other than to Liberia.
Reconstructing distribution of the Eastern Rock Nuthatch during the Last Glacial Maximum and Last Interglacial
Authors: Yousefi Masoud , Shabani Afshin Alizadeh , Azarnivand Hossein
Published: November 2019

Species distribution models have many applications in ecology, conservation, biogeography, and even paleoecology. In this study, we modeled the distribution of the Eastern Rock Nuthatch ( Sitta tephronota), a common rock dweller bird in Iranian Plateau, and determined most important climatic variables affecting the distribution of the species. We then projected the species distribution into the past, the Last Glacial Maximum (21,000 yr BP) and Last Interglacial (~120,000– 140,000 yr BP), to investigate how the species’ range would have changed through time. Results indicated that Zagros Mountains, Alborz Mountains and Kopet Dagh Mountains in the northeast of Iran are the most suitable habitats for the Eastern Rock Nuthatch. Annual mean temperature and annual precipitation identified as the most important variables in predicting the distribution of this species. During the Last Glacial Maximum, potential distribution of Eastern Rock Nuthatch was larger from its current distribution; however, the species’ climatic niche remains relatively stable since the Last Glacial Maximum. Our results also showed that during the Last Interglacial, distribution of the Eastern Rock Nuthatch was restricted to high elevations and was very different compared to its current distribution.
The first Malaysian experience on totally endoscopic ear surgery
Authors: Misron Khairunnisak , Kamalden Tengku Mohamed Izam Tengku
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Totally endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) is defined as exclusive application of endoscope transcanally in otologic surgery. This study is aimed to highlight indications and ear pathologies for TEES. In addition, intraoperative, early postoperative and delayed postoperative complications of TEES will be also described in this study.

Methodology:

This is a retrospective study of TEES performed by a single experienced and trained otologist in endoscopic ear surgery in a single institution between 1 July 2014 and 31 June 2018. A total of 43 patients were recruited in this study. Sociodemographic information, indications for TEES, ear pathologies, type of surgery performed and complications of TEES were analyzed.

Results:

The indications for TEES comprised middle ear lesion (65.1%), followed by second look surgery (14.0%), external auditory canal lesion (11.6%) and internal acoustic meatus lesion and surgery for conductive hearing loss which were 4.7%. Various external auditory canal pathologies encountered for TEES were ear canal osteoma (4.7%), acquired ear canal stenosis (2.3%) and tumor (4.7%). Regarding middle ear pathologies, limited atticoantral cholesteatoma accounted for most of the cases, 46.5%. Other middle ear lesions included adhesive otitis media (14.0%), recurrent cholesteatoma (14.0%), tumor (4.7%), otosclerosis (2.3%) and ossicular discontinuity (2.3%). Internal acoustic meatus lesion constituted 4.7% of cases. Some 4.7% of cases developed intraoperative complications, while early and delayed complications were 7.0%.

Conclusion:

TEES is a feasible surgical technique for diverse ear pathologies in the otologic specialty. It is also proven to be safe with good surgical outcomes.
Moral education in Hong Kong kindergartens: An analysis of the preschool curriculum guides
Authors: Chan Chi Wai
Published: November 2019

Adolescent problems in Hong Kong have brought questions about their moral development and mental health to light. Moral education for preschool children will be strategically important to address these issues because applying early educational interventions to preschool children will effectively enhance their personal development. This article highlights the inadequacy of the Hong Kong preschool curriculum guides in the promotion of moral development in children. The lack of a consensus about the values and character that preschool children should develop is a fundamental problem of implementing preschool moral education in Hong Kong. If moral education is regarded as a school curriculum, either formal or informal, the objectives, content and assessment should be closely adhered to one another. In addition, the learning and teaching activities should also be in line with student’s developmental characteristics and experiences. The O-C-A model is then proposed for moral education in the preschool settings of Hong Kong. Advice has also been made for the promotion of moral education in Hong Kong’s early childhood settings.
Serum neurofilament light levels correlate with change of olfactory function in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bsteh Gabriel , Berek Klaus , Hegen Harald , Buchmann Arabella , Voortman Margarete M. , Auer Michael , Wurth Sebastian , Zinganell Anne , Di Pauli Franziska , Deisenhammer Florian , Khalil Micheal , Berger Thomas
Published: November 2019

Background

Serum neurofilament light chain levels (sNfL) and impairment of olfactory function emerge as biomarkers in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the relation between sNfL and olfactory function in MS has not been investigated yet.

Objective

We aimed to determine whether sNfL levels correlate with olfactory function in relapsing–remitting (RR) MS.

Methods

We annually measured sNfL and olfactory function (Sniffin’ Sticks test: Threshold (T) and combined discrimination-identification (DI) score) in 80 RRMS patients and compared sNfL to T and DI scores.

Results

T scores significantly correlated with sNfL levels at simultaneous measurement (–1.5 points, 95% CI: –2.6–0.5 per 10 pg/ml sNfL increase; p < 0.001 per 10 pg/ml sNfL increase), but not at temporally distant measurement. Patients with ≥2 sNfL measures above the 75th percentile displayed significantly larger DI decrease (median 3.0 points, IQR 2.0–4.5) compared to patients with no or only one sNfL measure above the 75th percentile (0.0, IQR –0.5–0.5, p < 0.001 and 1.0, IQR 0.0–3.30, p = 0.008, respectively). 13–18% of the variance in T and 22% in DI decrease could be predicted from sNfL levels.

Conclusions

sNfL correlates with different qualities of olfactory function in patients with RRMS further strengthening the value of olfactory function as a biomarker of inflammation and axonal damage in MS.
Students’ social origins, educational process and post-college outcomes: The case of an elite Chinese university
Authors: Niu Sunny Xinchun , Zheng Yajun , Yang Fei
Published: November 2019

Scholars debate whether and how higher education and elite education experiences break or reinforce the link between social origins and status attainment in meritocratic societies. We contribute to these debates focusing on post-college outcomes of elite university students in contemporary China. Using a longitudinal survey of the 2014 freshmen cohort from an elite Chinese university and a sequential logit modeling technique, we find that meritocracy is seemingly at play between the trajectories of graduate study and employment. However, within each trajectory, students’ hukou (urban/rural registration status) and regional backgrounds significantly constrain their post-college options, partly through differential participation in high-impact educational practices. Furthermore, social origins leave marks on students’ motives for graduate study.
Walter N. Hakala, Negotiating Languages: Urdu, Hindi, and the Definition of Modern South Asia
Authors: Madere Charlotte
Published: November 2019

Walter N. Hakala, Negotiating Languages: Urdu, Hindi, and the Definition of Modern South Asia (New York, NY: Columbia University Press), 2016, 320 pp., ₹1,250.
The role of advanced neuroimaging techniques in ischemic stroke prevention
Authors: Lövblad Karl-Olof , Bouchez Laurie , Altrichter Stephen , Ratib Osman , Machi Paolo , Vargas Maria Isabel , Sztajzel Roman
Published: November 2019

In great part due to recent advances in medical technology, ischemic cerebral stroke has become an increasingly treatable condition, which requires urgent measures and which rely on pharmacological and/or interventional measures. Due to its high prevalence, preventive measures should also be undertaken, and this is a situation where the use of advanced neuroimaging techniques could be helpful in certain underlying diseases. What is proposed here is to discuss how modern neuroimaging techniques (advanced magnetic resonance (MR) techniques and/or nuclear medicine techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET)) could help in situations that would otherwise lead to a stroke. Since both primary and secondary prevention measures are often required, we see that the techniques can be helpful in both situations. The diseases that cause stroke that can be investigated are, among others, carotid stenosis; transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) may also be followed by a major stroke if nothing is undertaken. It has been established that carotid stenosis is to be treated in the presence of a significant lesion that has neurological symptoms. The question of how to deal with these patients often arises when the relationship between the stenosis and symptoms is not significant or the symptomatology unclear. In such situations, either PET and/or fat-saturated T1 images of the carotids can help to demonstrate the embolic nature of the plaque. We have seen that carotid plaque vulnerability, which can cause embolism, can be associated with plaque inflammation (seen on PET) or plaque haemorrhage (seen on MR images). Also, while PET and MRI will demonstrate different stages of plaque vulnerability, they can both help to demonstrate vascular lesions that are at risk of causing significant ischemic events. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has shown that some TIAs may indeed be ischemic brain lesions with a transient symptomatology. The early use of DWI can thus help treat these patients more acutely. Based on this, we have seen that newer imaging techniques can provide additional knowledge about conditions that may lead to stroke and be treated. This should have a major impact on patient outcomes and ultimately on healthcare costs related to this condition.
Instilling Curiosity, Connections, and Creating Value in Entrepreneurial Minded Engineering: Concepts for a Course Sequence in Dynamics and Controls
Authors: Gorlewicz Jenna L. , Jayaram Sanjay
Published: November 2019

Extant literature illustrates that complementary efforts, such as Entrepreneurially Minded Learning, add an important dimension to the training of the next generation of engineers and innovators, providing them with multiple perspectives and a pathway for linking technical concepts to societal challenges. Nationwide initiatives, such as the Kern Entrepreneurial Engineering Network (KEEN), have focused specifically on infusing Entrepreneurially Minded Learning into curriculum content and delivery, training both faculty and students to have the know-why in addition to the know-how of engineering topics. KEEN has established a framework that supplements engineering skills already taught in classrooms with outcomes that support the development of an entrepreneurial mindset. The framework is rooted in fostering the 3Cs of entrepreneurial mindset: Curiosity, Connections, and Creating Value. In this study, we contribute a series of concepts infusing KEEN-inspired modules into a three-course sequence in Dynamics and Controls. We provide an overview on each of the modules, highlighting the KEEN framework objectives. We present postcourse student questionnaire responses illustrating student perception of entrepreneurial mindset and the 3Cs as it relates to engineering and addressing technological challenges. We provide lessons learned and sufficient detail of all modules for replication in other Dynamics and Controls course sequences as well as supporting student data.
Nipalarsite, Ni8Pd3As4, a new platinum-group mineral from the Monchetundra Intrusion, Kola Peninsula, Russia
Authors: Grokhovskaya Tatiana L. , Karimova Oxana V. , Vymazalová Anna , Laufek František , Chareev Dmitry A. , Kovalchuk Elena V. , Magazina Larisa O. , Rassulov Victor A.
Published: November 2019

Nipalarsite, Ni8Pd3As4, is a new platinum-group mineral discovered in the sulfide-bearing orthopyroxenite of the Monchetundra layered intrusion, Kola Peninsula, Russia (67°52′22″N, 32°47′60″E). Nipalarsite forms anhedral grains (5–80 µm in size) in intergrowths with sperrylite, kotulskite, hollingworthite, isomertieite, menshikovite, palarstanide, nielsenite and monchetundtraite enclosed in pentlandite, anthophyllite, actinolite and chlorite. Nipalarsite is brittle, has a metallic lustre and a grey streak. In plane-polarised light, nipalarsite is light grey with a blue tinge. Reflectance values in air (in %) are: 46.06 at 470 nm, 48.74 at 546 nm, 50.64 at 589 nm and 54.12 at 650 nm. Values of VHN20 fall between 400.5 and 449.2 kg.mm–2, with a mean value of 429.9 kg.mm–2, corresponding to a Mohs hardness of ~4. The average result of 27 electron microprobe wavelength dispersive spectroscopy analyses of nipalarsite is (wt.%): Ni 44.011, Pd 28.74, Fe0.32, Cu 0.85, Pt 0.01, Au 0.05, As 25.42, Sb 0.05, Te 0.39, total 99.85. The empirical formula (normalised to 15 atoms per formula unit) is: (Ni8.10Fe0.06)Σ8.16(Pd2.94Cu0.18)Σ3.12(As3.68Te0.03)Σ3.71 or, ideally, Ni8Pd3As4. Nipalarsite is cubic, space group Fm$\bar{3}$m, with a = 11.4428(9) Å, V = 1498.3(4) Å3 and Z = 8. The strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of synthetic Ni8Pd3As4 [d, Å (I) (hkl)] are: 2.859(10)(004), 2.623(6)(313), 2.557(6)(024), 2.334(11)(224), 2.201(35)(115,333), 2.021(100)(044), 1.906(8)(006,244) and 1.429(7)(008). The crystal structure was solved and refined from the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data of synthetic Ni8Pd3As4. The relation between natural and synthetic nipalarsite is illustrated by an electron back-scattered diffraction study of natural nipalarsite. The density calculated on the basis of the empirical formula of nipalarsite is 9.60 g.cm–3. The mineral name corresponds to the three main elements: Ni, Pd and As.
Identification of specific B cell linear epitopes of mycoplasma hyorhinis P37 protein using monoclonal antibodies against baculovirus-expressed P37 protein
Authors: Zhu Hongzhen , Wei Yanwu , Huang Liping , Liu Dan , Xie Yongxing , Xia Deli , Bian Haiqiao , Feng Li , Liu Changming
Published: November 2019

Background

Mycoplasma hyorhinis(Mhr) is the etiologic agent of lameness and polyserositis in swine. P37 is a membrane protein of Mhr that may be an important immunogen and is a potential target for diagnostic development. However, there is little information concerning Mhr P37 protein epitopes. A precise analysis of the P37 protein epitopes should extend our understanding of the antigenic composition of the P37 protein and the humoral immune responses to Mhr infection. Investigating the epitopes of Mhr P37 will help to establish a detection method for Mhr in tissue and provide an effective tool for detecting Mhr infection.

Results

Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) confirmed that the expressed P37 protein was recognized by Mhr-positive porcine and mouse sera. Furthermore, the P37 protein was purified using affinity chromatography and used to immunize mice for hybridoma cell fusion. Four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) found to be positive for Mhr were detected in infected lung tissue. A panel of truncated P37 proteins was used to identify the minimal B cell linear epitopes of the protein based on these mAbs. The core epitope was determined to be206KIKKAWNDKDWNTFRNF222.

Conclusions

In this study, we identified 17 critical amino acids that determine the epitope of the P37 protein of Mhr. This study identified mAbs that could provide useful tools for investigating the Mhr P37 antigenic core epitope (amino acids 206–222) and detecting Mhr-specific antigens in infected tissue.
Multicentric experience with interferon gamma therapy in sepsis induced immunosuppression. A case series
Authors: Payen Didier , Faivre Valerie , Miatello Jordi , Leentjens Jenneke , Brumpt Caren , Tissières Pierre , Dupuis Claire , Pickkers Peter , Lukaszewicz Anne Claire
Published: November 2019

Background

The sepsis-induced immunodepression contributes to impaired clinical outcomes of various stress conditions. This syndrome is well documented and characterized by attenuated function of innate and adaptive immune cells. Several pharmacological interventions aimed to restore the immune response are emerging of which interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is one. It is of paramount relevance to obtain clinical information on optimal timing of the IFNγ-treatment, −tolerance, −effectiveness and outcome before performing a RCT. We describe the effects of IFNγ in a cohort of 18 adult and 2 pediatric sepsis patients.

Methods

In this open-label prospective multi-center case-series, IFNγ treatment was initiated in patients selected on clinical and immunological criteria early (< 4 days) or late (> 7 days) following the onset of sepsis. The data collected in 18 adults and 2 liver transplanted pediatric patients were: clinical scores, monocyte expression of HLA-DR (flow cytometry), lymphocyte immune-phenotyping (flow cytometry), IL-6 and IL-10 plasma levels (ELISA), bacterial cultures, disease severity, and mortality.

Results

In 15 out of 18 patients IFNγ treatment was associated with an increase of median HLA-DR expression from 2666 [IQ 1547; 4991] to 12,451 [IQ 4166; 19,707], while the absolute number of lymphocyte subpopulations were not affected, except for the decrease number of NK cells 94.5 [23; 136] to 32.5 [13; 90.8] (0.0625)]. Plasma levels of IL-6 464 [201–770] to 108 (89–140) ng/mL (p = 0.04) and IL-10 from IL-10 from 29 [12–59] to 9 [1–15] pg/mL decreased significantly. Three patients who received IFNγ early after ICU admission (<4 days) died. The other patients had a rapid clinical improvement assessed by the SOFA score and bacterial cultures that were repeatedly positive became negative. The 2 pediatric cases improved rapidly, but 1 died for hemorrhagic complication.

Conclusion

Guided by clinical and immunological monitoring, adjunctive immunotherapy with IFNγ appears well-tolerated in our cases and improves immune host defense in sepsis induced immuno suppression. Randomized clinical studies to assess its potential clinical benefit are warranted.
CRL4 ubiquitin ligase stimulates Fanconi anemia pathway-induced single-stranded DNA-RPA signaling
Authors: Codilupi Tamara , Taube Doreen , Naegeli Hanspeter
Published: November 2019

Background

DNA-crosslinking agents like cisplatin and mitomycin C (MMC) are indispensible for the treatment of many solid malignancies. These anticancer drugs generate DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) that cause cell death by blocking replication forks. Many factors counteracting ICL-induced DNA replication stress, including the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway, are regulated by ubiquitination and, therefore, ubiquitin ligases are potential targets for the sensitization of cancer cells to crosslinking agents. In this study, we investigated the function of the CRL4 ubiquitin ligase in modulating the response of cancer cells to ICL induction.

Methods

The two cullin paralogs CUL4A and CUL4B, which form the CRL4 ligase scaffold, were depleted in cancer cells by small interfering RNA followed by analysis of the cellular and biochemical responses to ICLs elicited upon cisplatin or MMC treatment.

Results

We report that the combined depletion of CUL4A and CUL4B weakens an FA pathway-dependent S phase checkpoint response. CRL4 positively stimulates the monoubiquitination of FANCD2 required for the recruitment of XPF-ERCC1, a structure-specific endonuclease that, in turn, contributes to the display of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) at ICLs. After CRL4 down regulation, the missing ssDNA results in reduced recruitment of RPA, thereby dampening activation of ATR and CHK1 checkpoint kinases and allowing for S phase progression despite ICL induction.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that CRL4 promotes cell survival by potentiating an FA pathway-dependent ssDNA-RPA signaling platform installed at ICLs. The anticancer efficacy of crosslinking agents may, therefore, be enhanced by down regulating CRL4 activity.
Companion dog acquisition and mental well-being: a community-based three-arm controlled study
Authors: Powell Lauren , Edwards Kate M. , McGreevy Paul , Bauman Adrian , Podberscek Anthony , Neilly Brendon , Sherrington Catherine , Stamatakis Emmanuel
Published: November 2019

Background

Dog ownership is suggested to improve mental well-being, although empirical evidence among community dog owners is limited. This study examined changes in human mental well-being following dog acquisition, including four measures: loneliness, positive and negative affect, and psychological distress.

Methods

We conducted an eight-month controlled study involving three groups (n = 71): 17 acquired a dog within 1 month of baseline (dog acquisition); 29 delayed dog acquisition until study completion (lagged control); and 25 had no intentions of acquiring a dog (community control). All participants completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale (possible scores 0–60), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Kessler10 at baseline, three-months and eight-months. We used repeated measures ANCOVAs to analyse data with owner age and sex included as covariates. Post-hoc tests were performed for significant effects (p < 0.05).

Results

There was a statistically significant group by time interaction for loneliness (p = 0.03), with an estimated reduction of 8.41 units (95% CI -16.57, − 0.26) from baseline to three-months and 7.12 (95% CI -12.55, − 1.69) from baseline to eight-months in the dog acquisition group. The group by time interaction for positive affect was also significant (p = 0.03), although there was no change in the dog acquisition group.

Conclusions

Companion dog acquisition may reduce loneliness among community dog owners. Our study provides useful direction for future larger trials on the effects of dog ownership on human mental well-being.

Trial registration

This trial was retrospectively registered on 5th July 2017 with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000967381).
Predictors of family focused practice: organisation, profession, or the role as child responsible personnel?
Authors: Skogøy Bjørg Eva , Ogden Terje , Weimand Bente , Ruud Torleif , Sørgaard Knut , Maybery Darryl
Published: November 2019

Background

Health professionals in Norway are required by law to help safeguard information and follow-up with children of parents with mental or physical illness, or who have substance abuse problems, to reduce their higher risk of psychosocial problems. Knowledge is lacking regarding whether organisation and/or worker-related factors can explain the differences in health professionals’ ability to support the families when patients are parents.

Methods

Employing a translated, generic version of the Family Focused Mental Health Practice Questionnaire (FFPQ), this cross-sectional study examines family focused practice (FFP) differences in relation to health professionals’ background and role (N = 280) along with exploring predictors of parent, child, and family support.

Results

While most health professions had begun to have conversations with parents on children’s needs, under one-third have had conversations with children. There were significant differences between nurses, social workers, psychologists, physicians, and others on seven of the FFP subscales, with physicians scoring lowest on five subscales and psychologists providing the least family support. Controlling for confounders, there were significant differences between child responsible personnel (CRP) and other clinicians (C), with CRP scoring significantly higher on knowledge and skills, confidence, and referrals. Predictors of FFP varied between less complex practices (talking with parents) and more complex practices (family support and referrals).

Conclusion

The type of profession was a key predictor of delivering family support, suggesting that social workers have more undergraduate training to support families, followed by nurses; alternately, the results could suggest that that social workers and nurses have been more willing or able than physicians and psychologists to follow the new legal requirements. The findings highlight the importance of multidisciplinary teams and of tailoring training strategies to health professionals’ needs in order to strengthen their ability to better support children and families when a parent is ill.