bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In What Ways Might Physical Tipping Points in the Climate System Pose Security Problems Now and in the Future?
Authors: Deng Jiayi , Cheng Xiaoyi
Published: January 2025

This paper analyzes physical tipping points in the climate system and their implications for national security, food security and social stability. Physical tipping points are critical states in the climate system that, once passed, lead to irreversible, rapid, and self-accelerating changes. Major tipping points include melting glaciers and rising sea levels, the collapse of terrestrial ecosystems, and an increase in the frequency and intensity of climate extremes. The paper explores the far-reaching impact of these tipping points on security issues, proposes countermeasures and policy recommendations by analyzing the case of Arctic climate change on Russian security, and emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation and policy responses to reduce the risks posed by climate change.
Impacts of Land-use Change on Biodiversity of Tropical Forests
Authors: Li Lin
Published: January 2025

The tropics possess a higher level of biodiversity compared to other climatic regions on the Earth. The tropics have diverse ecosystems such as forests, savannas, mountains, wetlands, and coral reefs, which provide habitat for thousands of species of fauna and flora. Tropical forests are one of the important tropical ecosystems with high biodiversity. Humans modify tropical forest landscapes on a large scale and use them for different purposes, including logging, mining, agriculture, pastures, urbanization, and road construction. Humans attain resources and profits through transforming tropical landscapes while making negative impacts to biodiversity and the environment of tropical forest ecosystems. Land-use change further causes habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, climate change, pollution, and species invasion of the tropical rainforests. These drivers lead to ecosystem destruction and the biodiversity crisis in the whole tropical region.
Applications and Challenges of RNA Interference Technology in Therapeutic Development
Authors: Xie Zhengyang
Published: January 2025

RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent biological mechanism enabling the targeted silencing of specific genes, transforming gene regulation and therapeutic approaches in medical science. Using small RNA molecules such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), RNAi allows for precise mRNA degradation or translational repression. Clinically, RNAi has been applied to treat genetic disorders such as hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR) and acute hepatic porphyria (AHP). RNAi also holds promise in cancer therapies, targeting oncogenes like KRAS and pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR to slow tumor growth. However, several challenges limit RNAi's broader clinical adoption. A significant barrier is the development of effective delivery systems beyond liver cells, as current methods, such as lipid nanoparticles, have limitations in targeting other tissues. Furthermore, issues such as immune activation, off-target effects, and ensuring RNAi stability must be addressed. Regulatory hurdles concerning long-term safety and gene-silencing specificity also pose challenges. Looking ahead, advancements in next-generation RNAi molecules and delivery platforms, alongside combination therapies, offer promising solutions to overcome these limitations. his review explores the fundamental mechanisms of RNAi, including its role in gene regulation and gene silencing, and highlights its clinical applications in treating genetic disorders, cancers, and viral infections
The Relationship Between Wolf-to-dog Evolution and Geographic Variation and its Implications for Biodiversity
Authors: Wang Mingyang
Published: January 2025

The evolutionary relationship between wolves and dogs is a fascinating subject in the field of biology, revealing how natural selection and human activity work together to shape the evolutionary trajectory of species. This paper takes the East Asian grey wolf as a research subject and analyse the evolutionary process from wolf to dog and the impacts caused by geographic distribution and human activities. At the same time, geographical isolation from Eurasian wolves also led to the differential evolution of wolves. Human activities, especially domestication and selection by humans, accelerated the evolution and diversity of dogs. The East Asian gray Wolf may be a key contributor to the East Asian dog breed, with humans selectively breeding wolves, forming a variety of dog breeds to meet different needs. The global distribution of dogs reflects the significant influence of geographical factors, with dog breeds in different regions forming unique breed differences due to differences in adaptation to the environment, as well as the influence of selective breeding by humans. This paper provides new insights into the formation of species diversity and reveal the important role of human activities in biological evolution.
Understanding Factors that Contributes to Vaccine Hesitancy in the COVID-19 Context: The Intersection of Trust in Institutions, Socioeconomic Status and Demographic Factors
Authors: Zhao Daini
Published: January 2025

Vaccine hesitancy has become a major global public health challenge, threatening the success of vaccination programs. Despite the fact that vaccines have proven effective in fighting infectious diseases, millions of people are still hesitant to get vaccinated, especially during the pandemic. This paper identifies vaccine hesitancy in the COVID era and examines the factors that contribute to vaccine hesitancy, including a lack of trust in health institutions, misinformation, and other cognitive and demographic factors. Drawing on examples from around the world, including Africa and Brazil, this article further explores the social and political determinants that influence vaccine uptake. While Brazil has shown relatively high vaccine acceptance rates due to trust in local vaccines and the urgency of the pandemic, Africa faces great hesitation due to mistrust and misinformation. By addressing misinformation, restoring public trust and confidence in vaccines, and involving communities in the decision-making process, public health initiatives can effectively combat vaccine hesitancy and mitigate ongoing threats to global health
AI-Driven Optimization of Financial Quantitative Trading Algorithms and Enhancement of Market Forecasting Capabilities
Authors: Leng Rufeng
Published: January 2025

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) into financial markets has revolutionised quantitative trading and market forecasting by increasing the efficiency of algorithmic trading, improving the accuracy of market predictions and facilitating real-time market decisions. This paper will provide an overview of the application of Al in the financial markets focusing on the use of machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL) and reinforcement learning (RL) in optimizing the trading algorithms, specifically the capability of Al to process very high data points and complex relationships that other quantitative models are unable to capture. We will discuss trading algorithms such as XGBoost, deep neural networks such as long short-term memory (LSTM) networks and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), how they can outperform traditional quantitative trading models and real-time decision making in stock price prediction, pattern recognition and trading strategy optimisation. We will also look at Al-enhanced predictive models that utilise deep learning and layered models, such as Natural language processing (NLP) sentiment analysis to capture the public sentiment in the market to forecast employing diverse datasets such as historical prices, market volatility, macroeconomic factors and social media sentiment to improve the forecasting accuracy. By going through several experiments and case studies, this paper will shed light on the impact of entrusting quantitative trading and market forecasting decisions to AI for improved performance and reduced errors. There are many challenges ahead but AI plays a constructive role in improving the trading strategies and forecasting market outcomes accurately.
Application of Photolithography in Integrated Circuits
Authors: Chen Boyi
Published: January 2025

Integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing relies heavily on lithography, which drives device size reduction and performance improvement through precise pattern transfer. As the performance requirements of electronic devices continue to increase, lithography faces major challenges in terms of precision and efficiency. Currently, deep ultraviolet (DUV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography technologies are mainstream, while technologies such as electron beam lithography (EBL) and directed self-assembly (DSA) are applied in specific high-precision fields. This paper reviews the current development status of lithography technology and analyzes its application in CMOS technology, 3D NAND flash memory, and high-performance computing components. The study also explores the main challenges facing photolithography, including technical bottlenecks, rising costs, and environmental impacts. In order to address these issues, the study emphasizes the importance of technological innovation and material improvement, especially in the development of new photoresists and mask materials and the promotion of environmentally friendly lithography technology. Therefore, it can be found that continued advances in lithography are essential to meet the changing needs of the semiconductor industry.
Research on the Reliability of SiC MOSFET Devices
Authors: Wang Yusen
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the short-circuit, avalanche, crosstalk, and switching oscillation problems associated with the application of SiC MOSFETs. It examines the generation mechanisms, working mechanisms, and testing methods for these four issues. The study proposes methods to enhance the device's anti-short-circuit capability by assessing the degree of short-circuit in advance, improve the device's anti-avalanche capability through protective measures, suppress switching oscillations by controlling dead time and output distortion compensation, adjusting parasitic parameters through control algorithms, and mitigate bridge-arm crosstalk using various suppression techniques.
Factors Influencing the Bond Strength between FRP Bars and Concrete and the Calculation Methods for Anchorage Length
Authors: Zhou Dinghaoyun
Published: January 2025

Since the 21st century, developed countries such as Japan, the United States, and Europe have designated Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) as a key industry for development. Currently, FRP sheets, represented by carbon fiber fabric, have become an important material for structural reinforcement and are widely used in the renovation and reinforcement of various civil and industrial buildings. For example, in the early 1960s, the American company Marshall-Vega produced Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars to address the issue of salt corrosion in reinforced concrete structures in coastal and cold regions. In the design of the ArtScience Museum in Singapore, to ensure the integrity and smoothness of the architectural form, facilitate prefabrication and assembly of components, and meet structural, fire safety, and security requirements, the designers evaluated various materials and ultimately selected polyethylene resin-based GFRP panels. This paper employs a literature review methodology, first analyzing the factors that affect the bond strength between FRP bars and concrete, then reviewing standards to understand the calculation methods for anchorage length in different countries, collecting relevant experimental data, and finally analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of various anchorage length calculation methods.
A Review of Research on the Future Development of Electric Vehicles and Traditional Fuel-powered Vehicles
Authors: Wang Yihang
Published: January 2025

As the global number of traditional fuel-powered vehicles continues to rise, the development of electric vehicles (EVs) has become increasingly significant in addressing the severe environmental pollution associated with conventional internal combustion engines. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the characteristics of electric vehicles and traditional fuel-powered vehicles, with a focus on key technological aspects such as battery replacement systems for EVs and the current advantages of fuel-powered vehicles. Furthermore, the paper examines the challenges related to the driving range of electric vehicles, as well as the environmental impact of fuel-based transportation. Drawing on these analyses, market equilibrium strategies are proposed for the future development of both electric and fuel vehicle models. Considering the respective advantages and limitationssuch as the battery life constraints of EVs and the environmental pollution from fuel vehiclesthis paper outlines a roadmap for the coexistence and progression of both technologies. The findings suggest that while fuel-powered vehicles may continue to play a role, electric vehicles are poised to dominate the civilian automotive market in the future.
Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing System in Low Temperature Rain, Snow and Ice Disaster Monitoring
Authors: Ma Mingyan
Published: January 2025

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing system, as a versatile and efficient monitoring tool, exhibits unique advantages in monitoring low-temperature rain, snow, and freezing disasters. Equipped with a variety of sensors, it is capable of collecting high-precision data even under extreme climatic conditions, thus addressing the deficiencies of traditional monitoring methods in terms of timeliness, coverage, and accuracy. Particularly when confronted with large-scale and rapidly evolving disasters such as snowstorms and ice freezes, UAVs can swiftly respond and transmit real-time data, providing disaster response departments with timely and reliable decision-making support. The application of UAV remote sensing systems in disaster data collection, processing, analysis, as well as real-time monitoring and early warning systems, renders it a central tool in contemporary disaster monitoring technology. Looking ahead, with the further advancement of remote sensing technologies and the integration of artificial intelligence and big data analytics, the role of UAVs in disaster monitoring will become even more pronounced. This paper will explore the specific applications of UAV remote sensing systems in low-temperature rain, snow, and freezing disasters, analyze the associated technical and managerial challenges and solutions, and forecast future development directions.
Mechatronics Application and Performance Analysis in Intelligent Transportation Systems
Authors: Huang Shuyue
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the integration of mechatronics in intelligent transportation systems (ITS), elucidating its functional capabilities and limitations. As urbanization accelerates and traffic demand rises, the ITS has emerged as vital solutions for addressing traffic congestion and safety issues. In this regard, mechatronics technology plays a key role by enhancing the intelligence of traffic management, thereby improving the overall efficiency and safety of transportation networks. Thus, the paper provides a detailed analysis of the mechatronics application in intelligent traffic signal control, road condition monitoring and management, and vehicle positioning and navigation. In the domain of intelligent traffic signal control, mechatronics technology facilitates adaptive signal adjustments through real-time data collection and analysis, effectively alleviating traffic congestion and enhancing road capacity. In the field of road condition monitoring and management, this technology combines advanced sensors and monitoring equipment to realize accurate identification and dynamic monitoring of vehicles, providing powerful support for traffic management and law enforcement. In addition, the use of mechatronics technology in critical areas such as vehicle positioning and navigation markedly enhances road utilization, effectively mitigates traffic congestion, as well as supports sustainable urban development initiatives. Meanwhile, the performance of mechatronics in ITS, including real-time, intelligence, safety and reliability, is analyzed, highlighting its remarkable effect in enhancing the overall performance of ITS.
Performance Enhancement of Carbon Nanotube in Composites: An Analysis of Key Factors in Mechanical, Electrical, and Thermal Properties
Authors: Chen Yifei
Published: January 2025

Carbon nanotubes are often utilized as reinforcing materials in composites due to their superior properties and extensive application potential. This essay reviews the current research related to carbon nanotubes and their composites, analyzing their superior mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, as well as structural characteristics. The essay explores interactions such as interfacial bonding between carbon nanotubes and matrix, load transfer mechanisms, and the effects of small dimensions, which play a crucial role in enhancing the overall composite performance. Furthermore, the essay discusses practical applications of carbon nanotubes, including their use in electromagnetic shielding, flexible sensors, and advanced electronic devices. In addition, the potential for integrating carbon nanotube composites into energy storage technologies, such as batteries and supercapacitors, is considered. Lastly, this essay proposes various improvement strategies to enhance the performance of carbon nanotube composites, such as optimizing synthesis methods, improving dispersion techniques, and enhancing the interfacial bonding between nanotubes and matrix materials.
Design and Simulation of Traffic Light Signal Circuit Based on Digital Circuits
Authors: Li Zhiwei
Published: January 2025

Due to the rapid development of urbanization, the number of private cars is growing, and the consequent traffic management problems, based on the background of the era of big data, through the use of Multisim design of basic digital circuits, on the basis of which to increase the different sensors and the use of big data monitoring, the complexity of the intersection of the road conditions are analyzed and calculated, so as to control the duration of the signal light, to enhance the intersection of the efficiency of the passage of the emergency, and people can pass through the emergency button to change the duration of emergency vehicles to pass quickly, and at the same time to protect the safety of vehicles and pedestrians. And in case of emergency, people can change the duration of the signal light through the emergency button, so that emergency vehicles quickly through, and at the same time, to protect the safety of vehicles and pedestrians, can be done to effectively alleviate today's common traffic management problems.
A Review of Renewable Energy and Power System Integration
Authors: Zhao Yujie
Published: January 2025

Wind and solar energy are two examples of the renewable energy that nations around the world are accelerating their development of in response to global climate change and energy scarcity. However, current power networks face new difficulties as a result of these energy sources' volatility and intermittency. Based on the existing literature and data, this article reviews the latest research advances in the integration of renewable energy sources (such as solar and wind) with conventional power systems. The paper discusses the main technical challenges faced in the integration process, including intermittency, stability and other issues. At the same time, this paper discusses the development of demand response, load management, machine learning, energy storage technology and smart grid technology, of which smart grid technology is the main content of this article review. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the existing smart grid technology, explain the help of smart grid for renewable energy grid connection, and provide a reference direction for future research. Finally, according to the existing policies, the paper looks forward to the future and believes that the share of renewable energy in the future grid will be increasing.
Research on force feedback technology for industrial robot
Authors: Wang Zinan
Published: January 2025

Force feedback technology plays a crucial role in the field of robot control, especially in scenarios involving precise task execution. With the increasing application of robots in industrial production and automation, traditional control methods based on preset paths can no longer meet the requirements of complex and changing working environments. The force feedback system senses the force information of the robot during operation, adjusts the robot's actions and force in real time, ensures that appropriate force can be maintained during operation, and prevents damage to the working object or reduced task accuracy. While this technology primarily enhances robotic flexibility in complex operations, it has also become instrumental in advancing human-robot collaboration. By combining human perception and regulation abilities, robots are able to perform more challenging tasks. In recent years, force feedback systems that combine multi-sensor fusion, visual control, and remote operation technologies have gradually become one of the core solutions for solving force control problems in robot task execution, providing strong guarantees for safety, accuracy, and efficiency in automated production.
Application and Prospects of Nanomaterials in Medical and Environmental Sensing
Authors: Li Yuyang
Published: January 2025

Driven by the increasing demand for sensing technologies in the field of healthcare and environmental protection, nanomaterials have emerged as critical materials for advancing sensor performance, largely due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties that enhance various sensing techniques. This paper examines the application of nanomaterials in medical and environmental sensing, and explores both carbon-based (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes) and metal-based nanomaterials, focusing on their contributions to sensor sensitivity, specificity, as well as real-time monitoring. Key applications include early disease detection, blood glucose monitoring, and pollutant detection, particularly for carbon dioxide and nitrates. In addition, the bottom-up and top-down synthesis methods of nanomaterials are compared, highlighting their versatility across various sensing scenarios. Nevertheless, despite the broad application potential of nanomaterials in sensing technology, high production costs, insufficient stability, and processing challenges remain key obstacles. Future research should focus on reducing production costs, enhancing material stability, and minimizing environmental impact to facilitate the practical application of nanomaterials in sensor technology.
Aapplication of nanomaterials in the medical field
Authors: Liu Kaicheng
Published: January 2025

As the need for precision medicine and personalized treatment increases, nanomaterials can be used to some important areas such as drug delivery, tissue repair and cancer diagnosis and treatment. Improving treatment efficiency and reducing human side effects are what modern medical technology needs. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials possess unique chemical and physical properties, nowadays, The application of nanomaterials has already become significant in medicine. And, there are some drawback and issue of traditional materials in using in terms of drug dissolution, medical imaging, cancer treatment and tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The paper reviews the research progress of nanomaterials in terms of drug dissolution, medical imaging, and cancer treatment and tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Studies show that the characteristics of nanomaterials exhibit significant advantages in enhancing drug efficacy, improving diagnostic accuracy, increasing cancer therapeutic effects, and promoting tissue regeneration. However, nanomaterials have extensive applications and great potential in the field of medical use.
Revolutionizing healthcare: The role of silver nanoparticles in modern medicine
Authors: Gao Lilan
Published: January 2025

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are emerging as powerful tools in healthcare due to their unique properties, including antimicrobial activity, high surface area, and biocompatibility. They are widely used in medical applications such as wound healing, drug delivery, cancer therapy, and diagnostics, particularly for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria. AgNPs enhance the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics and show potential in synergistic therapies with other nanomaterials. However, challenges remain regarding their toxicity to human cells and the environment. The lack of standardized synthesis and application protocols complicates their regulatory approval and widespread use. To address these concerns, we should focus on engineering AgNPs to reduce toxicity, enhance specificity, and develop biodegradable systems to minimize environmental impact. However, AgNPs hold significant promise for advancing medical treatments, and current research is essential to ensure their safe and effective use in healthcare.
The application of nanomaterials in drug delivery system
Authors: Zheng Zhi
Published: January 2025

Drug delivery system (DDS) is a key technology platform for optimizing the distribution of drugs in the body. It improves the the efficiency of drug treatment and reduces side effects by regulating the dose, time and target location. This review focuses on the application progress of nanomaterials in DDS. Liposomes, albumin nanoparticles and magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are widely used due to their good biocompatibility, targeted drug release ability and imaging application potential. However, these materials also have certain limitations. Liposomes have low drug loading capacity, and their product Doxil shows low tolerance and certain adverse reactions. New nanomaterials are being developed and tried to be used in DDS. Innovative materials such as nano gels and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have the capacity of reprinting a large number of drugs and low toxicity and application potential. These materials are in the research stage and are expected to play a significant role in future clinical applications.
Biodegradable materials in medical applications: Research progress
Authors: Shu Qi
Published: January 2025

Recently, the application of biodegradable materials in the medical field has been growing rapidly, covering bone scaffolds, vascular bridging, drug delivery carriers, implants, surgical instruments, and biochemical signal detection sensors. Compared with traditional materials, biodegradable materials are more environmentally friendly and have good biocompatibility, durability, and non-toxicity. However, the development of biodegradable materials in medicine still faces many challenges. The degradation time of the material is too long or too short, which will affect the therapeutic effect. At the same time, the degradation of the material is affected by external influences such as temperature, pH value, and pressure, and it is not easy to manipulate. The complex degradation behavior in the body is also hard to predict, and the degradation of some materials may produce toxic substances or induce inflammatory reactions. Therefore, this article summarizes the types of medical biodegradable materials and systematically introduces the current application status of biodegradable materials in medical implants, tissue engineering, drug delivery, disease treatment, and biochemical electronic sensors. The application of biodegradable polymers in disposable medical treatment is also discussed. Specific medical application cases are studied to better explain the uses and benefits of these materials. Finally, the existing problems and future developments are discussed to provide a comprehensive reference for future research.
Colloidal Crystal Arrays for New Data Storage of the Future
Authors: Shen Xuanhao
Published: January 2025

Current storage technologies, including Not AND (NAND) flash and solid-state drives, face limitations in capacity and power efficiency due to exponential data growth driven by big data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT). Colloidal crystals, composed of ordered particle arrays, display unique photonic and electrical properties that can be harnessed for data encoding and retrieval. This study outlines a methodology for synthesizing colloidal crystals for information storage, including material selection, particle arrangement, and stability under operational conditions. The findings indicate that colloidal crystal arrays have the potential to achieve ultra-high storage density and low power consumption. Challenges in scalability, manufacturing precision, and system integration are discussed, focusing on enhancing durability and cost-effectiveness. By addressing these issues, this research provides foundational insights into the feasibility of colloidal crystals as next-generation storage media, paving the way for their application in future information technology systems.
Bio-inspired Octopus-mimicking Soft Robotic Grasping System
Authors: Dong Chengyu
Published: January 2025

Octopus-inspired soft robots have emerged as a promising field of research, drawing inspiration from the remarkable dexterity and adaptability of this marine creature. Their ability to manipulate objects in complex environments, coupled with their soft, compliant bodies, offers significant advantages over traditional rigid robots. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the design and development of octopus-inspired soft robots, focusing on shape control, grasping strategies, and potential applications. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in biomimetic robotic design, focusing on octopus-inspired soft robots and soft grippers. This paper discusses various shape control algorithms and modeling methods for octopus-inspired soft manipulators, highlighting their applications in highly flexible and complex grasping tasks. The paper explores grasping planning strategies for soft grippers, such as force equilibrium and minimum grasping force control, to achieve precise grasping of diverse objects. Furthermore, this paper present various design schemes based on soft materials and actuation techniques, including tendon-driven and pneumatic actuation, each with its own structural and performance advantages. This paper provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the further development and optimization of octopus-inspired soft robots.
Application of Slam Technology for Autonomous Mobile Robots in Complex Environments
Authors: Shen Yiwen , Wang Shuo
Published: January 2025

SLAM technology is widely used in many fields, such as whether it is possible to map the environment and determine the direction of progress while placing a robot in an unknown location in an unknown environment. On this basis, this paper studies the use of autonomous movement of robots in complex environments. This article will first introduce vision technology in dynamic environments and camera-based dynamic environmental sensor technology. Additionally, it will discuss parallel research on real time 3D map optimization and algorithm processing based on cameras. Secondly, the map construction and dynamic maintenance of mobile robots and how to improve the application of Road King tracking algorithm in robots are introduced. Finally, the multi-sensor laser mapping technology and algorithm of mobile robot are introduced. This research will significantly contribute to the development and application of mobile robots capable of processing complex information in challenging environments. The integration of these technologies and algorithms paves the way for more robust and adaptable autonomous navigation systems in real-world applications.
Annotations on Lower-Limb Exoskeleton in Different Parts and Successful Commercial Rehabilitation Robots
Authors: Li Haowen
Published: January 2025

The exoskeleton is always a famous topic for robot-human relations. In the novel and movie, exoskeleton robots function as additional bodies or arms for human users. However, because of the restrictions of materials and some detection skills, people cannot achieve such a goal. The research on exoskeletons nowadays mainly focuses on rehabilitation and military use. Because of the low cost of exoskeletons in rehabilitation and their safety, exoskeletons become a common and good choice for hospitals and nursing homes, especially lower-limb exoskeletons for paralysis or spinal cord injury patients who need to do rehabilitation for walking ability. This overview will first examine the algorithms for hip exoskeletons, followed by an analysis of using the new type of component in knee exoskeleton and then the annotation system of ankle exoskeletons, and last, talk about the algorithm for one successfully commercialized lower-limb exoskeleton. This comprehensive review aims to contribute to the field by providing valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in lower-limb exoskeleton development.
Optimized Design and Applications of Arithmetic Logic Units: Addressing Power Efficiency and Performance in Diverse Computing Applications
Authors: Fei Xiang
Published: January 2025

In modern computer systems, the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is the core component of the central processing Unit (CPU) and performs basic tasks such as arithmetic operations, logic operations, and data transmission. With the development of information technology, the demand for computing is growing, the requirements for computing accuracy, speed and energy consumption are becoming more stringent. The design and optimization of ALU is directly related to the overall performance and energy efficiency of the system, so it becomes the focus of research and the key to technological breakthroughs. This paper focuses on summarizing and exploring the application scenarios, development, and optimization prospects of ALUs. This study reviews various application contexts, including embedded systems, quantum computing, and high-performance processors, highlighting how tailored ALU designs can meet the demands of each. In the field of optimization strategies, Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) technology, reversible logic, and Single Electron Transistor (SET) technology were discussed as a way to reducing power consumption and improving processing speeds.
Intelligent Traffic Light Control System and Application
Authors: Xu Haoyi
Published: January 2025

In recent years, with the surge in the number of vehicles, traffic congestion has become an increasingly severe global issue. So Intelligent Traffic Signal Control Systems have emerged as a critical component of transport systems to address this challenge by optimizing traffic flow, reducing delays, and enhancing road safety. The intelligent system depends on several advanced technologies, such as IoT devices, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence algorithms. Also, the system can dynamically adjust traffic signals based on real-time road conditions via technologies such as Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, which successfully improves traffic flow during peak hours, and minimizes congestion. The review will also mention successful case studies in cities such as Beijing, where smart systems have significantly improved traffic efficiency. The last part of review will focus on future developments about scalability, cost-effectiveness, and data security to ensure the continued success of these systems in modern urban environments.
Basic Failure Modes of CMOS Devices and the Improvements
Authors: Yang Yuntao
Published: January 2025

Mosfets are the most important and basic part of integrated circuits, which the modern information network relies on. Combing a great number of mosfets, most integrated circuits would require the constituent part of themselves work in a stable and reliable state. Though, having been improved both in materials and constructures for tens of years, various types of mosfets still face the great danger of failure. This article would generally introduce this important issue of integrated circuit both on the issue and the methods of improvements, based on former researches, first making the classifications according to the formation mechanism of the failure modes, with an example of each failure mode, then introducing the train of thought of each kind of failure modes showed above. This article would be a summary on most common failure modes of cmos devices, with the formation mechanisms and their solutions, though not being comprehensive about most situations, it is supposed to be a reference on cmos circuit design, which may help to choose the specific devices and to improve the performance of the circuit in actual productions.
A Method for Reducing Offset in CMOS Operational Amplifiers
Authors: Li Mingzhe
Published: January 2025

In the development of integrated circuits, operational amplifiers are indispensable basic units CMOS operational amplifiers are the core components in analog integrated circuits, which are widely used in signal acquisition, data processing, communications and other fields. components in analog integrated circuits, which are widely used in signal acquisition, data processing, communications and other fields, and their performance has a direct impact on the accuracy and stability of the entire system. With the continuous development of electronic technology, CMOS operational amplifiers play a vital role. operational amplifiers play a vital role in many fields. However, the misalignment problem has been one of the key factors affecting the performance of However, the misalignment problem has been one of the key factors affecting the performance of CMOS operational amplifiers. This paper introduces the basic principles of CMOS operational amplifiers, thoroughly studies the phenomenon of CMOS operational amplifiers' misalignment. This paper introduces the basic principles of CMOS operational amplifiers, thoroughly studies the phenomenon of CMOS operational amplifiers' misalignment, the definition and sources of the misalignment voltage and its effects, and analyzes the main reasons for its generation, including device mismatch, process deviation, and so on. In this paper, we summarize several methods to reduce distortion from dynamic distortion elimination technology and design and process optimization, which can effectively reduce the distortion voltage of CMOS op amps. The main dynamic misalignment elimination techniques are chopping and auto-zeroing, as well as a special form of auto-zeroing, i.e., correlation dual- sampling technique. Design and process optimization includes two methods of device selection and matching optimization and circuit topology design.
Modification and Characterization for Nickel-Based Alloys used in Ultra-Supercritical Units
Authors: Bao Zhemeng
Published: January 2025

As global warming intensifies and the need for renewable energy grows, ultra-supercritical (USC) units have emerged as a key development in coal power technology due to their potential to improve efficiency while reducing emissions. Nickel-based alloys, known for their high-temperature corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, and high strength, have become one of the most promising materials for USC units. This paper discusses the primary modification methods for nickel-based alloys, including high-entropy alloying and oxide dispersion strengthening techniques, and explores their effectiveness in enhancing the high-temperature performance of these alloys. Advanced characterization techniques were employed to investigate the microstructural evolution and creep behavior of the nickel-based alloys, which provide theoretical references and design ideas in related areas.
Research progress of polylactic acid/graphene composites and polylactic acid/ graphene oxide composites
Authors: Zhang Hongtao
Published: January 2025

The preparation of graphene/polylactic acid nanocomposites by modifying polylactic acid with graphene and its derivative graphene oxide is reviewed. It mainly includes solution method and melt blending method. Under different processing methods, the dispersion degree of nano fillers in the matrix is different, and the properties of the obtained materials are different. The choice of graphene and graphene oxide has a greater impact on the properties of the materials. The improvement of the mechanical properties of graphene /PLA composite materials has made the performance of PLA in packaging, textiles, biomedicine and other fields more excellent, while the gas isolation performance and electrical conductivity brought by graphene have opened up more new directions for graphene /PLA composite materials, such as 3d printing materials.
Development and Outlook of Fast Charging for Electric Vehicles in China
Authors: Yang Jikai
Published: January 2025

With the escalating demand for sustainable transportation and the rapid growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market in China, the development of efficient fast charging solutions has gained paramount importance. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the current status and historical evolution of fast charging for EVs in China, focussing on technological advancements such as the emergence of 800V high-voltage platforms and improvements in battery and charging facilities. Moreover, it examines the obstacles faced and proposes potential solutions. Fast charging not only alleviates range anxiety but also significantly boosts the practicality and popularity of EVs, facilitating their widespread adoption. However, despite the considerable progress made, challenges persist, including the high cost and limited coverage of charging infrastructure, as well as potential negative impacts on battery longevity. Achieving interoperability among super-fast charging protocols across different brands and expanding fast-charging station infrastructure will be critical to addressing the issues of slow charging and range anxiety, thereby achieving the full popularization of electric vehicles.
Design and Optimization of a 4-bit Absolute Value Detector
Authors: Wang Jiazuo
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the design and optimization of a 4-bit absolute value detector, focusing on enhancing circuit performance while minimizing delay and power consumption. A truth table was initially constructed to clearly understand the functionality of the detector. Logic expressions were simplified using Karnaugh maps, and the detector applied only NAND gates, NOR gates, and inverters. This approach not only improved the circuit's efficiency but also enabled the rapid identification of critical paths due to the design's high symmetry. The impact of input capacitance and supply voltage on delay and power consumption was analyzed. Increasing input capacitance reduced delay but increased overall power consumption, while decreasing supply voltage had the opposite effect. To further optimize performance, the internal capacitance of the last gate on the critical path was reduced, introducing a new set of constraints and power consumption equations. Minimum power consumption was calculated using MATLAB under the new constraints, resulting in a significant reduction compared to previous values. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the optimization strategy.
Global insights, local applications: irrigation technologies and agricultural drought mitigation in the canadian prairies
Authors: Jia Chengzhu
Published: January 2025

The Canadian Prairies face significant water scarcity challenges despite the country's abundant freshwater resources. This scarcity, driven by limited water availability and increasing agricultural demands, makes the region vulnerable to drought. As a major agricultural hub, droughts have led to economic losses and reduced crop productivity. This scoping review examines global drought response measures, focusing on irrigation technologies adaptable for Western Canada. Case studies from Australia, China, and the United States highlight advances in water use efficiency and irrigation technologies, including drip and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), center-pivot irrigation (CPI), and drought-resistant crop varieties. Examples include Australia's prioritization of essential crops and improved irrigation infrastructure, China's adoption of water-saving rice varieties, and California's use of SDI for water conservation. Adopting these established irrigation techniques could enhance water use efficiency, support food security, and contribute to sustainable water management in the Canadian Prairies. This review underscores the value of integrating global practices to strengthen agricultural resilience in the region.
Pengaruh Tren Makanan dan Fomo terhadap Minat Generasi Z dalam Mengkonsumsi Makanan Tradisonal (Mie Gomak) pada Universitas Negeri Medan
Authors: Anan Muhammad Jafar , Tabrani Ahmad , Ingtyas Fatma Tresno , Ginting Laurena
Published: January 2025

Trend makanan dan fenomena fomo menjadi tantangan tersendiri dalam kuliner tradisonal mie gomak. Makanan ini bisa saja dilupakan dan tidak lagi ada peminatnya, dari hal ini bukan hanya nilai budaya saja yang bisa hilang. Dan juga  mie gomak hanya di temui di warung warung kecil dan tidak banyak yang menjual olahan mie tersebut, maka dari itu kami melakukan penelitan tentang pengaruh trend makanan dan fomo pada minat generasi z, terutama dalam mengkonsumsi makanan tradisional. Metode yang kami gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif, dengan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner tertutup, dengan subjeck penelitian sebanyak 50, penelitian ini dilakuakn di fakultas teknik Universitas Negeri Medan, tepatnya pada jurusan Pendidikan Kesejahteraan Keluarga. Hasil yang kami dapati dari 50 responden, 58% responden mengatakan bahwa tren memengaruhi selera mereka, temuan studi menunjukkan bahwa tren kuliner memiliki dampak besar pada minat Generasi Z. Namun, sebanyak 78% merasa tidak perlu ikut membeli makanan yang sedang viral, yang menunjukkan bahwa hal itu tidak memiliki dampak yang nyata. Secara keseluruhan, temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa minat Generasi Z terhadap makanan tradisional lebih dibentuk oleh tren kuliner daripada FOMO. Oleh karena itu, untuk membuat makanan tradisional seperti mie gomak lebih menarik bagi Generasi Z, diperlukan iklan yang inovatif dan berbasis tren.
Penerapan Metode Gentle Discipline Menurut Sarah Ockwell-Smith dalam Pembentukan Karakter Disiplin Ditinjau dari Persepektif Islam
Authors: Nufus Nurun
Published: January 2025

Masalah disiplin, didalam dunia pendidikan dan pengasuhan anak sering kali menjadi topik utama yang semakin menarik perhatian banyak pihak. Gentle Discipline atau yang dikenal dengan disiplin lembut merupakan sebuah pendekatan yang menekankan pada penghargaan, kasih sayang serta komunikasi positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk megetahui dan memahami konsep gentle discipline, menjelaskan metode pendisiplinan menurut gentle discipline dan menunjukan keterkaitan antara gentle discipline dengan pembentukan karakter menurut persepktif Islam. Metode penelitian menggunakan kepustakaan library research, dengan metode tematik, yakni pengumpulan artikel dengan satu tema menggunakan kajian literature review. Pencarian tema dilakukan secara online melalui Google Scholar,  yang dibatasi dari tahun 2014-2024. Dalam pencarian artikel mendapatkan 20 artikel, tetapi hanya 15 artikel yang digunakan sebagai kajian terdahulu. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gentle discipline mempunyai relevansi dengan ajaran Islam, khususnya dalam membentuk anak menjadi individu yang disiplin tanpa menggunakan pendekatan yang keras.