bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquidity of enterprises and entrepreneurs of the Sector I: Accommodation and Food Services in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Milašinović Marko , Knežević Snežana , Mitrović Aleksandra
Published: January 2022

The aim of this paper is to determine the level and movement of liquidity of enterprises and entrepreneurs of Sector I-Accommodation and Food Services in the Republic of Serbia in the period from 2013 to 2020. For the purposes of the research, summary data on the operations of enterprises and entrepreneurs operating within the observed sector were used, which are compiled and published by the Business Registers Agency in the form of the Financial Statements Annual Bulletin. In this paper, liquidity is measured by the current ratio, the quick ratio, the cash ratio and the net working capital. It was found that, with the fluctuations present during the observed period, both enterprises and entrepreneurs are characterized by a low value of liquidity indicators, ie the values of these indicators are below the limit. Also, the research shows that the value of the used liquidity indicators is, to a large extent, at a slightly higher level among entrepreneurs compared to enterprises.
Guest satisfaction with the offer of European international dishes and products in Serbian restaurants
Authors: Vukolić Dragan , Gajić Tamara , Bugarčić Jovan
Published: January 2022

Tourism is one of the areas that has started to develop to a large extent in the last few years, and the expansion of gastronomy has also contributed to its development. Regardless of the area, the development of gastronomy and quality offer of food and beverages is one of the means, which ensures the quality of services in the catering facility. Some countries have protected their gastronomic products, and today certain dishes of international dish. This paper will present the results obtained in the research in 30 restaurants, with the aim of examining the satisfaction of guests with their offer of international dishes. Over the past years, the literature has become richer in numerous studies, which talk about the factors that affect the level of satisfaction with the gastronomic offer. By analyzing the obtained results, it was concluded that the guests of catering facilities in Serbia are largely satisfied with the offer of international dishes. A significant percentage of respondents, who are not satisfied with this offer, show that there is still a need to improve catering services, from which we must not omit the offer of international dishes. SPSS software version 23.00 was used to process the obtained data, and the data are presented with descriptive statistics.
Loyalty programs in hospitality on the example of hotel Holiday Inn Suschevsky
Authors: Tošić Violeta , Tucović Miloš , Tošić Teodora
Published: January 2022

This paper will present one of the basic aspects of the formation of constant priorities of the company - customer loyalty, on the example o f the hotel market in the Russian Federation. The hotel market in the Russian Federation is a developing segment with noticeable growth potential. This fact is confirmed by the increased number of investments through the appearance on the market o f large international hotel chains such as The Rezidor Hotel Group, Inter Continental Hotels Group, Marriott International. Research, analysis and constant work on achieving consumer loyalty is an important topic among marketers. More specifically, the topic of loyalty programs that enable companies regular consumers, and thus the growth and development of their company, is very current. Accordingly, a topic was chosen that represents such analysis in a completely different, non-competitive market for us, which can bring interesting and important examples and conclusions that can be implemented.
Hospitality in Novi Sad during the challenges of COVID-19 pandemics
Authors: Kalenjuk-Pivarski Bojana , Šmugović Stefan , Vujasinović Vesna , Lukić Tamara
Published: January 2022

Sustainable business during the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the key topics in the hospitality and tourism industry with great popularization in scientific and research domains. Therefore, the focus of this research was on the experience of the management of catering facilities in R. Serbia. This qualitative research included collecting data on the operational and economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the business of 17 catering facilities for the provision of food and beverage services in Novi Sad (R. Serbia). The research covered the period of work from April 2020 to April 2021, as the most specific for business survival, fighting the challenges of preventing the complete closing down, limited business, and a major re-orientation to delivery and counter sales. Interviews were conducted on the perception and attitudes of the management. The subject of this paper is the sustainability of hospitality during the challenges imposed by the pandemic. The task of the paper was to investigate the experiences of the owners, management, and chefs of various hospitality facilities for providing food and beverage services. The aim of the paper was to obtain data on crisis forecasting and actions taken to survive on the hospitality and tourism market.
Management of changes in gastronomy and restaurant business
Authors: Đurović Mladenka , Božić Aleksandar
Published: January 2022

Modem trends in gastronomy and restaurant business are focused on several key issues: business in accordance with the concept of sustainability, energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources, "green" business, "green" and eco certification, environmental protection, waste reduction and the promotion of healthy eating. However, the changes that are most apparent to the users of the services are the changes in the gastronomic offer, and these are most often new dishes, with the introduction of integral cereals, low-fat and low-energy dishes, food for diabetics, vegetarian dishes, gluten-free food and more. Especially popular is the kitchen based on the use of organic food products and microgreens, and new trend known as molecular gastronomy. In a dynamic market environment in which restaurants operate, there is a constant need to adapt to modem trends, which is reflected on the management of these facilities. Therefore, the manager of restaurant has become a key factor in successful business, which requires serious knowledge in the field of gastronomy and restaurant business. Its main tasks are to make decisions and control their implementation.
Should I look or should I book
Authors: Štilić Anđelka , Nicić Miloš
Published: January 2022

The online booking behaviour of tourist website visitors shows that there is a transition from browsing to the purchasing process. Potential travellers are expected to benefit from a broad range of market opportunities made available by the Internet, the most revolutionary of which is the opportunity for price reductions as a direct result of the elimination of intermediaries in the travel industry distribution chain. Customers have to deal with a variety of challenges and limits when provided with various alternatives for even simple and low-cost travel bookings, and word-of-mouth from online reviews acts as a vital source of information for customers. A significant component in influencing customer decision-making is eWOM and it is also a key factor in the individual booking of services and products. Customers' perception of the credibility of reviews significantly influences their behavioural intentions and the role of eWOM in providing travel information and tourists' behavioural intent can produce "myths " on the opportunities for travel savings and air tickets cost.
La creatividad vernácula en la era digital: enseñanza de la comunicación publicitaria en entornos conectivos
Authors: Rogel Carla , Fernández-Castrillo Carolina
Published: January 2022

Esta investigación surge en respuesta a la demanda por parte del alumnado centennial y millennial de nuevas fórmulas para el desarrollo de la creatividad a través del uso de las nuevas tecnologías. El artículo plantea la necesidad de incorporar el apropiacionismo como estrategia educativa para promover la competencia creativa en la era digital. El objetivo principal del trabajo consiste en fomentar nuevas fórmulas didácticas que consientan la integración de las dinámicas sociotecnológicas que marcan las interacciones del día a día en la red. Se ha adoptado el mash-up como herramienta principal para llevar a cabo una propuesta metodológica de innovación docente en los estudios de comunicación publicitaria dentro del contexto académico. La construcción del modelo denominado lateral visual thinking supone una revisión del pensamiento de diseño con base en dos características distintivas de los procesos comunicativos en la actualidad: la creatividad vernácula y la práctica del pensamiento lateral mediante la recombinación de materiales de diverso origen y autoría en la World Wide Web.
La aparición de menores en contenidos comerciales y su efecto negativo en la audiencia:
Authors: Illera Angeriñe Elorriaga , Monge Benito Sergio , Olabarri Fernández Elena
Published: January 2022

Este artículo analiza la reacción de la audiencia de la youtuber española Verdeliss, con la mayor comunidad de seguidoras en España en ámbito de la crianza y la maternidad, en relación a la presencia de sus hijas e hijos menores en los contenidos que publica en su canal de YouTube. En una encuesta realizada a 1.336 seguidoras, se constató que más de la mitad de las mismas se sienten incómodas por la presencia de menores en videos en los que además se promocionan marcas comerciales. Este grupo valora peor a la youtuber en casi todas las dimensiones relacionadas con su capacidad persuasiva y además compra menos productos recomendados por ella en sus vídeos. Asimismo, en un análisis cualitativo de 284 comentarios en preguntas de respuesta abierta se pudo apreciar que existen varios argumentos dentro de este grupo de seguidoras más críticas con la youtuber, entre los que destacan su malestar por la excesiva exposición de los menores, un rechazo frontal a la mercantilización de la imagen de estos y un llamamiento a las instituciones competentes a que protejan a los menores. A la vista de las diferencias en la valoración de la youtuber, los resultados sugieren que el sharenting puede producir efectos negativos en la promoción de marcas comerciales.
La creación de contenidos de ficción juveniles en redes sociales.
Authors: García-Vega Alba , De la Fuente Prieto Julián
Published: January 2022

Esta investigación aborda el reto de analizar las prácticas interactivas que los jóvenes desarrollan en las comunidades de fans a través de diferentes plataformas y redes sociales. Para ello, se plantea un estudio de caso basado en la 3º temporada de la serie SKAM España.

El marco teórico define la importancia de las comunidades de fans en el contexto de los medios, el papel de las redes sociales como espacios para la participación juvenil y los modelos de interacción que surgen a partir de este consumo de ficción.

En cuanto a la metodología, se emplea un análisis cualitativo basado en la Antropología Digital a través de varias técnicas de recogida de datos como la Etnografía virtual y Focus Group, que son analizados e interpretados según la teoría de análisis del discurso, utilizando para ello un enfoque multimodal.

Los resultados de la investigación suponen la reconstrucción de los contenidos generados a través de las redes sociales, teniendo en cuenta tanto la intencionalidad de sus creadores como el impacto logrado entre la audiencia social.

Finalmente, la discusión permite aproximarnos a los nuevos fenómenos comunicativos y modelos de contenidos elaborados por los jóvenes en redes sociales.
Pantallas y dispositivos móviles. Una necesaria educación para la comunicación de la infancia
Authors: García-Matilla Agustín
Published: January 2022

Desde hace décadas la alfabetización mediática se ha convertido en un campo de investigación cada vez más desarrollado en España. En este artículo se hace alusión a ese desarrollo, con especial énfasis en algunas de las investigaciones sobre competencia mediática más relevantes. Se recogen evidencias de cómo los llamados influyentes (Influencers) y sus seguidores, followers, son cada vez más jóvenes y sus prácticas exigen ser analizadas en el campo de la educomunicación. En este artículo se hacen reflexiones y se adelantan conclusiones de algunos de los avances realizados en una investigación en curso liderada por investigadores de la Universidad de Valladolid en el Campus María Zambrano de la UVa en Segovia, en el proyecto de Internética. Se recogen ejemplos de las prácticas comunicativas de influyentes adolescentes y se exponen también las opiniones de jóvenes seguidores.

A pesar de la abundante literatura científica existente y de las numerosas investigaciones realizadas en los últimos años, el artículo expone cómo los planes de estudios en los diferentes niveles educativos y las leyes que han regulado hasta ahora y deberán regular el audiovisual en España no han tenido en cuenta suficientemente todos los avances realizados a lo largo de las últimas décadas. Este artículo cita la denuncia realizada a finales de 2021 por la Plataforma en favor de la Educomunicación, la Asociación Española de Universidades con Titulaciones de Información y Comunicación (ATIC) y la Asociación Española de Investigación de la Comunicación (AE-IC) que agrupan a la mayor parte del profesorado español de comunicación.
Analysis of time reversal cavity characteristics based on multipath channel model
Authors: Lu Xi-Cheng , Qiu Yang , Tian Jin , Wang Hai-Bo , Jiang Ling , Chen Xin ,   College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China,   Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China,   Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
Published: January 2022

The electromagnetic wave time reversal technology using time reversal cavity (TRC) has potential applications in many areas, such as pulse compression, power synthesis, perturbation detection, beamforming, etc. Microwave chaotic cavity with multi-path transmission characteristics is usually used in TRC. Based on diffraction theory, it can prove that this kind of cavity has spatiotemporal focusing characteristics and can be used for compressing pulses, but it cannot be used to analyze the reversal performance of the cavity. In order to obtain a suitable analysis method and guide the design of TRC, in this work, the scattering, diffusion and attenuation characteristics of electromagnetic wave propagation are analyzed and a multipath channel model of TRC is built by the channel theory. Moreover, the crosstalk characteristics between paths are studied, and the generation mechanism of time sidelobe, time sidelobe shift and interference are also investigated. In addition, under the assumption of random plane wave, the distribution characteristics of spatial focal spot are analyzed, which is consistent with the diffraction theory. Moreover, the actual focal spot size is not only limited by the diffraction limit, but also related to the initial focal spot size. The theoretical analysis results are basically consistent with the experimental and numerical simulation results.
Modal intensity fluctuation during dynamic propagation of internal solitary waves in shallow water
Authors: Li Qin-Ran , Sun Chao , Xie Lei ,   School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China,   Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Xi’an 710072, China
Published: January 2022

Internal solitary wave (ISW) is a kind of nonlinear internal wave commonly observed in the shallow water, which has the characteristics of large amplitude, short period and strong current velocity. With the distribution of the temperature and the salinity in the water column perturbed by ISWs, the sound speed profile becomes range-dependent, and thus affecting the characteristics of the underwater acoustic propagation. The ISWs usually propagate at a speed of the order of 1 m/s , and moving internal waves cause the energy in each acoustic mode to fluctuate dramatically. In this paper, the modal intensity is defined as the squared modulus of the modal coefficient, and is used to measure the sound energy in each mode. Based on the coupled mode theory, the expression of the acoustic modal intensity during the propagation of internal waves is derived in this paper, and the modal intensity is taken as the linear superposition of the oscillating term and the trend term. Most of previous researches were limited to the study of the time-varying characteristics of the acoustic modal intensity during the propagation of internal waves in the time domain or frequency domain. In this paper, the mechanism of modal intensity fluctuations is studied simultaneously in the time domain and the frequency domain with the aid of the short-time Fourier transform. Both the theoretical derivation and the numerical simulation show that the internal solitary wave gives rise to the energy transfer among acoustic modes, i.e., the mode coupling. The dynamic propagation of internal waves further leads to the modal interference, which behaves as an oscillating term in the modal intensity, and causes the modal intensity to fluctuate rapidly with time. The amplitude of the trend term changes with time due to the mode stripping (the difference in attenuation coefficients between different modes), which in turn adds a time-varying offset to the oscillations induced by the modal interference. The trend of the modal intensity and the time-varying characteristics of the amplitude of each frequency component in the oscillating term are closely associated with the modal attenuation. Meanwhile, the depth-integrated intensity is chosen as the measure of the total received acoustic intensity, and the influences of modal intensity fluctuations on the acoustic energy at the receivers during the propagation of internal waves are studied. It is demonstrated that the modal intensity with high energy which oscillates most dramatically will dominate the temporal variation of the received acoustic energy.
Two-dimensional self-similarity transformation theory and line rogue waves excitation
Authors: Zhang Jie-Fang , Yu Ding-Guo , Jin Mei-Zhen ,   Institute of Intelligent Media Technology, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China,   Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Film and Television Media Technology, Hangzhou 310018, China,   College of Media Engineering, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China,   Network and Data Center, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China
Published: January 2022

A two-dimensional self-similarity transformation theory is established, and the focusing (parabolic) (2 + 1)-dimensional NLS equation is taken as the model. The two-dimensional self-similarity transformation is proposed for converting the focusing (2 + 1)-dimensional NLS equation into the focusing (1 + 1) dimensional NLS equations, and the excitation of its novel line-rogue waves is further investigated. It is found that the spatial coherent structures induced by the Akhmediev breathers (AB) and Kuznetsov-Ma solitons (KMS) also have the short-lived characteristics which are possessed by the line-rogue waves induced by the Peregrine solitons, and the other higher-order rogue waves and the multi-rogue waves of the (1 + 1) dimensional NLS equations. This is completely different from the evolution characteristics of spatially coherent structures induced by bright solitons (including multi-solitons and lump solutions), with their shapes and amplitudes kept unchanged. The diagram shows the evolution characteristics of all kinds of resulting line rogue waves. The new excitation mechanism of line rogue waves revealed contributes to the new understanding of the coherent structure of high-dimensional nonlinear wave models.
Leder. Bli med på dugnaden fagfellevurdering!
Authors: Reitan Janne Beate
Published: January 2022

Myndighetene har sagt at vi alle må delta i dugnaden for å bekjempe smitte fra kor­ona­viruset. Vi i redak­sjonen i FormAkademisk ber dere om å si ja til å bidra til den dugnaden som fag­felle­vurdering av artikler er. Alle artikler må vurderes av minst to uavhengige fagfeller. Under korona­pandemien har vi dessverre opplevd at langt flere takker nei til å bidra til dette viktige og helt nød­vendige bidraget for vitenskapelig publisering. Mange forfattere har måttet vente uvanlig lenge på tilbakemelding på artiklene de har sendt inn til FormAkademisk.
I FormAkademisk spør vi alltid de beste forskerne først om å være fagfelle for artiklene forskere sender inn. Vi spør internasjonalt ledende forskere dersom artikkelen er skrevet på engelsk og i Skandinavia hvis artikkelen er skrevet på norsk, svensk eller dansk. De aller beste forskerne, som kanskje har det mest travelt, svarer oftest ja og leverer fagfellevurderinga si raskest. Så, hvis vi spør deg, er det fordi vi mener du er best til å vurdere akkurat den artikkelen.
Å være fagfelle for andre gir også god læring for deg, både når det gjelder å bli oppdatert på ny faglig kunnskap og for gode referanser for egen vitenskapelig skriving. For hver artikkel du får fag­fellevurdert, bør du si ja til minst to artikler andre har skrevet – fordi det er minst to som har fag­fellevurdert din artikkel. Det er rettferdig!
Open Technique Versus Blind Technique in Placement of Primary Ports in Laparoscopic Procedures- A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pahuja Vivek , Rani Nisha , Singh Hershdeep , Singh Kuldip , Dugg Pankaj , Singh Devinder Pal , Chand Prem
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Laparoscopic access has always been a challenge because it has been associated with severe complications and sometimes fatal also. Aim:Tocompareopentechniqueversusblindtechniqueinplacement of primary port in various laparoscopic procedures in terms of operative time, complications, ease of use and acceptability. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India, between June 2014 to August 2016. The study included 100 patients, which were divided into two groups. Group A (n=50) received placement of primary port by open technique and Group B (n=50) received placement of primary port by blind technique. The time taken for access into peritoneal cavity and duration of surgery was noted. Multivariate analysis done using Chi-square test, p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age of patients in group A and group B was 42.66±12.37 years and 43.06±14.67 years, respectively. Majority of patients were females in both groups (n=45 in group A and n=39 in group B). There was no significant difference in time taken for access into peritoneal cavity (p-value>0.05). The duration of hospital stay (in hours) of the patients was 36.96 in Group A and 34.42 in Group B which was not statistically significant. The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications was not significant. Most common complication port site infections 3 (6%) in Group A. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the two techniques with respect to time taken for peritoneal access and complications. In expert hands, both methods are comparable.
Assessment of Clinical Experience of Triple Drug Fixed-dose Combination of Glimepiride, Metformin and Voglibose in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bantwal Ganapathi , Ayyar Vageesh , Kovil Rajiv , Chawla Manoj , Shah Tejas , Kumar Sharad , Abhyankar Mahesh , Revankar Santosh
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Poor adherence of patients to the polypharmacy approach is a crucial challenge in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and use of triple Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC) of metformin, glimepiride, and voglibose is effective in achieving glycaemic control and would aid in improved drug adherence. Aim: To analyse clinical profile and treatment patterns of FDC of glimepiride, metformin, and voglibose with or without other antidiabetic therapy in patients with T2DM. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational, multi- centric study conducted during August 2019 to March 2020. Included patients of either sex, ≥18 years of age with T2DM and who had received treatment with FDC of glimepiride, metformin, and voglibose of varying strengths with or without other antidiabetic therapy. Data extracted from medical records included demographic characteristics, duration of disease, co- morbidities, concomitant medications and dosage pattern. Data were analysed using Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A total of 2650 patients with T2DM were included, of which 1689 (63.7%) were males. The mean (standard deviation {SD}) age was 54.2 (11.4) years. The average Body Mass Index (BMI) was 27.2 (4.3) kg/m2 and hypertension 1656 (62.5%) and dyslipidaemia 1109 (41.9%) were the most common co-morbidities. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors 908 (34.3%) and antihypertensives 1601 (60.4%) were the most common concomitant diabetic and non diabetic medications received, respectively. Glimepiride (2 mg)+metformin (500 mg)+voglibose (0.2 mg) FDC twice-a-day 878 (33.1%) was a common triple FDC. A total of 2449 (92.4%) patients were compliant and 2585 (97.9%) achieved glycaemic goal with triple FDC treatment. During the therapy, the majority of patients had decreased weight 1106 (67.2%). The mean Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels significantly decreased post-treatment (mean change 1.45%; p-value <0.001). Family history of diabetes mellitus, obesity, sedentary lifestyle were the most common risk factors and smoking being prevalent in males. Conclusion: Overall results demonstrate that triple FDC of glimepiride, metformin, and voglibose was effective in reducing HbA1c and weight and was well tolerated. Also, it improves compliance in Indian patients with T2DM.
Ocular Toxicity due to Accidental Exposure to Plant Latex by Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea
Authors: Manjunatha Shruthi Amalagondhi , Venkataramana Pradeep Addagadde , Rajshekar . , Siddegowda Srinivas
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Calotropis is a member of the milkweed or Asclepiadeae family. The latex of Calotropis gigantea (C gigantea) contains cardiac glycosides, fatty acids and calcium oxalate. The sap of Calotropis procera (C procera) produces acidic latex. Toxic effect of latex manifests after a few hours with diminution of vision due to corneal oedema with folds in Descemet’s membrane. Aim: To evaluate the ocular toxicity by the latex of calotropis procera and calotropis gigantea due to accidental exposure. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted for a duration of six months (September 2018 to February 2019) on 18 patients with alleged accidental exposure to calotropis latex. The patients were examined in the Department of Ophthalmology, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Mandya, Karnataka, India. After a thorough saline wash under topical anaesthesia, visual acuity was measured by using Snellen’s chart, then patients were subjected for slit lamp biomicroscopy examination, Intraocular Pressure (IOP) measurement and undilated fundus examination and the findings were noted. Demographic details like age and sex, activity at time of injury, mode of injury were noted and follow-up was done for a period of 30 days. Data were analysed using Epi info software and descriptive statistics like mean and percentage were calculated. Results: Total 18 patients reported with calotropis associated eye toxicity, among which 11 (61.1%) were of C gigantea and seven (38.9%) were of C procera. Out of total, seven (38.9%) were males and 11 (61.1%) females. A total of 14 (77.8%) patients presented within 24 hours of injury. Eleven (61.1%) patients had involvement of both the eyes. The main symptoms were burning, irritation, foreign body sensation and diminution of vision. Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) varied from 6/9 to 6/60. Corneal oedema or striate keratopathy was the most common sign. Corneal oedema resolved in one week in case of C procera with use of topical corticosteroids except in three cases of C gigantea which took two weeks. Conclusion: C procera and C gigantea causes significant corneal oedema and ocular morbidity. By simple health education and occupational precaution, we can prevent ocular morbidity.
Plasma Exchange as a Rescue Therapy for Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Patel Nupur B , Sharma Anand , Patnaik Itish , Kumar Ashok
Published: January 2022

Acute Liver Failure (ALF) is a life-threatening condition and often necessitates Liver Transplantation (LT). However, LT is not available to most patients in developing countries due to resource constraints. Here, authors presents a case of 30-year-old female with ALF and fulfilled the criteria for LT. The aetiology of ALF could not be diagnosed in her. Due to the lack of LT facilities, she was offered plasma exchange as a therapeutic option, which resulted in improvement in sensorium and Liver Function Tests (LFT) {bilirubin, International Normalised Ratio (INR), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)} over a period of two weeks. She was discharged and was doing well during follow-up. Plasma exchange is a less studied but potential treatment option for ALF when LT is not feasible.
Challenges in Timely Pharmacological Reperfusion Therapy of Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Snehil Prakriti , Ansari Anwar Hussain , Chakraborty Praloy , Devasenapathy Niveditha
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is the most severe presentation of an Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) resulting from sudden occlusion of one of the major epicardial coronary arteries resulting in myocardial injury and necrosis within minutes to few hours. Despite Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI) being the gold standard, thrombolytic therapy is still the most common form of reperfusion therapy in eligible patients of acute STEMI even in large metropolitan cities in India. Aim: To find the proportion of STEMI patients receiving thrombolytic therapy within four hours of the onset of symptoms and within 30 minutes of reaching the hospital and to explore factors related to Pain-To-Door (P2D) delay. Materials and Methods: This was a single-centre cross-sectional observational study of 147 STEMI patients conducted at a tertiary care hospital in the National Capital Territory (India). from February to May 2017. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institute’s Ethics Committee. All patients were interviewed and their medical records reviewed. Factors related to delay in reaching hospital and association of patient characteristics with those receiving thrombolytic therapy were explored using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Mean age of the study population was 52.1±13.1 years and 121 (82.3%) were men. Median P2D time was 4.7 hours (IQR- 2.2-17.0). Overall, 64 (43.5%) of 147 patients reached the hospital within four hours of chest pain. Only 5 (3.4%) patients availed ambulance to reach the hospital. Distance from the hospital, seeking care elsewhere and delay in reaction to symptom were reasons for the delay (>4 hours). Median Door-To-Needle (D2N) time was 45.9 minutes (IQR- 30.6-61.2). Patients who reached the hospital at night were more likely to be thrombolysed after adjusting for time to reach the hospital. Conclusion: Significant P2D and Door-To-Balloon (D2B) delays still exist in large metro cities in India. Action is needed both at the population level as well as system level to reduce these delays.
The Great Masquerade: A Rare Presentation of Spinal Tuberculoma
Authors: Bhattacharya Arnesh , Chauhan Ajay , Singhal Ayushi
Published: January 2022

Spinal tuberculomas form a meagre fraction of cases of Tuberculosis (TB). Most common presentation of spinal tuberculoma is weakness. A 45-year-old female presented with dysthesias, gait instability and numbness involving both lower limbs for a period of 7-10 days. Patient was vitally stable (blood pressure of 128/78 mm of Hg, pulse rate of 86 beats per minute and respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute with a normal pattern), alert and co-operative. Neurological examination suggested non length dependant sensory involvement of lower limbs, sensory ataxia and areflexia, level of lesion being at the Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) (sensory neuronopathy). Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CEMRI) spine revealed tuberculoma at D9 spinal level. Patient responded to Antitubercular Therapy (ATT) and recovered. The intention of sharing the clinical experience is with the sole purpose of remembering the fact that common pathologies may at times be great mimickers. In the present case, while a lot of rare causes (autoimmune, neoplastic) were searched for, tuberculoma happened to be the culprit.
Role of Apo B and Apo A1 Levels in Relation to Conventional Lipid Profile in Patients of Ischaemic Heart Disease with or without Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Javia Hardik N , Bhavsar Milav H , Sadariya Bhavesh R , Maheshwari Amitkumar V , Sharma Hariom
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) or Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the most prevalent chronic disease and the main leading cause of death in the world, with more than half a million newly diagnosed IHD patients each year. Central to this are disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) and Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) are structural and functional components of lipoprotein particles that serve as transporters of cholesterol. Apo B and Apo A1 are among the emerging markers for Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). Routine conventional lipid profile does not incorporate these markers. Aim: To determine the level of Apo A1 and Apo B in patients of IHD with or without Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and analyse the significance of these parameters over the conventional lipid profile. Materials and Methods: The case-control study was conducted at Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India from July 2013 to December 2013. The study consists of 100 participants including 50 having IHD only (Group I), 50 having IHD with T2DM (Group II) as study groups and 50 healthy individuals (Group III) as control. Various biochemical parameters including Apo B and Apo A1 were analysed and statistically evaluated to come to conclusion. Results: The demographic details of the participants which shows no significant different in age and gender among groups I, II and III. Apo B and A1 were elevated in group I and II and were found highly significant (p-value <0.0001) as compared to the group III. There was positive correlation of serum Apo B levels with total cholesterol (r=0.495, p-value <0.0001), Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL-C) (r=0.526, p-value <0.0001) and Apo A1 (r=0.685, p-value <0.0001) in group I and LDL-C (r=0.468, p-value=0.001) and Apo A1 (r=0.754, p-value <0.0001) in group II. Similarly, Apo A1 levels were positively correlated with Apo B (r=0.685, p<0.0001) in group I and LDL-C (r=0.305, p-value=0.031) and Apo B (r=0.754, p-value <0.0001) in group II. Conclusion: As the Apo B and Apo A1 cover both atherogenic and antiatherogenic lipid parameters respectively, it can be used as a better predictor of development of IHD with and without T2DM in comparison to conventional parameters of lipid profile.
Perception of Farmers towards Climate Change in Southern Parts of Tamil Nadu: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Paramasivam Sivaraj , Vivekanathapatmanaban G.
Published: January 2022

The goal of this research was to look into farmers' perceptions of climate change in agriculture. An ex post facto research design was used in the study. The research was carried out in wetland, dryland, and garden land farming systems in the Tamil Nadu districts of Madurai and Sivagangai. A total of 120 farmers representing three farming systems were chosen and surveyed for the study using a proportionate random sample procedure. Personal interviews with respondents were conducted using a well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. Descriptive statistical tools were used to analyze the data. According to the findings, more than half of the respondents in the wetland (65.00%), dryland (50.00%), and garden land (55.00%) were perceived climate change in agriculture at a medium level. The majority of the garden land respondents (72.50%) had perceived the increased pest and disease incidence due to climate change than the respondents of wetland (52.50%) and drylands (30.00%). More than three-fifths of the respondents in the study area had perceived the income from agriculture was adversely affected (69.17%) due to climate change followed by the change in crop yield (64.17%) and cost of cultivation was increased (61.67%) due to the climate change. As a result, any intervention that supports the use of climate change adaptation measures may take into account location-specific factors that influence farmers' perceptions of climate change and adaptive responses to it.
The role of maternal age, growth, and environment in shaping offspring performance in an aerial conifer seed bank
Authors: Callejas‐Díaz Marta , Chambel M. Regina , San‐Martín‐Lorén Javier , Gea‐Izquierdo Guillermo , Santos‐Del‐Blanco Luis , Postma Erik , Climent José M.
Published: January 2022

Premise

Maternal effects have been demonstrated to affect offspring performance in many organisms, and in plants, seeds are important mediators of these effects. Some woody plant species maintain long‐lasting canopy seed banks as an adaptation to wildfires. Importantly, these seeds stored in serotinous cones are produced by the mother plant under varying ontogenetic and physiological conditions.

Methods

We sampled the canopy seed bank of a highly serotinous population ofPinus pinasterto test whether maternal age and growth and the environmental conditions during each crop year affected seed mass and ultimately germination and early survival. After determining retrospectively the year of each seed cohort, we followed germination and early survival in a semi‐natural common garden.

Results

Seed mass was related to maternal age and growth at the time of seed production; i.e., slow‐growing, older mothers had smaller seeds, and fast‐growing, young mothers had larger seeds, which could be interpreted either as a proxy of senescence or as a maternal strategy. Seed mass had a positive effect on germination success, but aside from differences in seed mass, maternal age had a negative effect and diameter had a positive effect on germination timing and subsequent survival.

Conclusions

The results highlight the importance of maternal conditions combined with seed mass in shaping seedling establishment. Our findings open new insights in the offspring performance deriving from long‐term canopy seed banks, which may have high relevance for plant adaptation.
Baseline characteristics, management, and predictors of early mortality in cardiogenic shock: insights from the FRENSHOCK registry
Authors: Delmas Clement , Roubille François , Lamblin Nicolas , Bonello Laurent , Leurent Guillaume , Levy Bruno , Elbaz Meyer , Danchin Nicolas , Champion Sebastien , Lim Pascal , Schneider Francis , Cariou Alain , Khachab Hadi , Bourenne Jeremy , Seronde Marie‐France , Schurtz Guillaume , Harbaoui Brahim , Vanzetto Gerald , Quentin Charlotte , Delabranche Xavier , Aissaoui Nadia , Combaret Nicolas , Manzo‐Silberman Stephane , Tomasevic Danka , Marchandot Benjamin , Lattuca Benoit , Henry Patrick , Gerbaud Edouard , Bonnefoy Eric , Puymirat Etienne
Published: January 2022

Aims

Published data on cardiogenic shock (CS) are scarce and are mostly focused on small registries of selected populations. The aim of this study was to examine the current CS picture and define the independent correlates of 30 day mortality in a large non‐selected cohort.

Methods and results

FRENSHOCK is a prospective multicentre observational survey conducted in metropolitan French intensive care units and intensive cardiac care units between April and October 2016. There were 772 patients enrolled (mean age 65.7 ± 14.9 years; 71.5% male). Of these patients, 280 (36.3%) had ischaemic CS. Organ replacement therapies (respiratory support, circulatory support or renal replacement therapy) were used in 58.3% of patients. Mortality at 30 days was 26.0% in the overall population (16.7% to 48.0% depending on the main cause and first place of admission). Multivariate analysis showed that six independent factors were associated with a higher 30 day mortality: age [per year, odds ratio (OR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.08], diuretics (OR 1.74, 95% CI: 1.05–2.88), circulatory support (OR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.12–3.29), left ventricular ejection fraction <30% (OR 2.15, 95% CI: 1.40–3.29), norepinephrine (OR 2.55, 95% CI: 1.69–3.84), and renal replacement therapy (OR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.65–4‐49).

Conclusions

Non‐ischaemic CS accounted for more than 60% of all cases of CS. CS is still associated with significant but variable short‐term mortality according to the cause and first place of admission, despite frequent use of haemodynamic support, and organ replacement therapies.
Taking care of the caregivers: The moderating role of reflective supervision in the relationship between COVID‐19 stress and the mental and professional well‐being of the IECMH workforce
Authors: Morelen Diana , Najm Julia , Wolff Megan , Daniel Kelly
Published: January 2022

The present study examined the relationships between COVID‐related stress, mental health and professional burnout in the infant and early child mental health (IECMH) workforce and examined reflective supervision and consultation (RSC) as a potential protective factor in the context of COVID‐related stress. Participants included 123 adults (n = 121 female, modal age range 30–39 years) in the TN IECMH workforce (mean years of experience = 13.6 years) surveyed in June/July 2020. Sector representation was quite varied (home visiting, childcare, child welfare, early intervention). Results indicated the majority (63%) of the sample was caring for someone else (e.g., child or elderly person) while working at home, 46% of the sample had depression symptoms (18% in the moderate‐severe range), and 75% of the sample had anxiety symptoms (33% in the moderate‐severe range). Higher COVID stress was associated with higher internalizing symptoms and burnout levels and this relationship was mediated by self‐care behaviors such that the more COVID stress one reported, the fewer self‐care behaviors they engaged in, and the higher the risk for internalizing and burnout. Finally, the pathway from COVID stress to self‐care behaviors was moderated by RSC. IECMH professionals who received less than 1 year (or no experience) of RSC showed a significant decrease in self‐care behaviors during times of low, average and high levels of COVID stress compared to those who received 1 year or more of RSC. Implications for both policy and practice will be discussed.
Research utility of a CAPS‐IV and CAPS‐5 hybrid interview: Posttraumatic stress symptom and diagnostic concordance in recent‐era U.S. veterans
Authors: Jackson Colleen E. , Currao Alyssa , Fonda Jennifer R. , Kenna Alexandra , Milberg William P. , McGlinchey Regina E. , Fortier Catherine B.
Published: January 2022

The Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) is used to measure posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and diagnose posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, its use, particularly in settings involving longitudinal assessment, has been complicated by changes in the diagnostic criteria between the fourth and fifth editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (i.e., DSM‐IV and DSM‐5, respectively). The current sample included trauma‐exposed U.S. veterans who were deployed in support of military operations following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks (N = 371) and were enrolled in a longitudinal study focused on deployment‐related stress and traumatic brain injury. A hybrid clinical interview using item wording from the CAPS for DSM‐IV (CAPS‐IV) with the addition of items unique to the CAPS for DSM‐5 (CAPS‐5) was used to assess both DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 PTSD diagnostic criteria, allowing for the calculation of separate total scores and diagnoses. Diagnostic agreement, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and interrater reliability between CAPS‐IV and CAPS‐5 were evaluated for the entire sample and stratified by gender. We found high diagnostic agreement (92.9%–95.4%), sensitivity (94.4%–98.2%), specificity (91.7%–92.8%), PPV (89.5%–93.0%), NPV (95.7%–98.1%), and interrater reliability,κ = 0.86–0.91,) for both men and women. The current study supports the use of a hybrid PTSD diagnostic interview assessing both DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria, particularly in situations such as longitudinal studies that may require a feasible method of incorporating changes in diagnostic criteria from the DSM‐IV to the DSM‐5.
Analytische Chemie: Batterien beim Altern beobachten
Authors: Zech Claudia
Published: January 2022

Um die Lebensdauer von Akkus zu erhöhen, gilt es Alterungsprozesse und ihre Ursachen zu verstehen. Mit einer neuen Messzelle und Synchrotronstrahlung lässt sich nun untersuchen, wie sich Lithiumschwefel‐ und Lithiumionenbatterien während des Ladens und Entladens chemisch verändern.
Telomerase ribonucleoprotein and genome integrity—An emerging connection in protozoan parasites
Authors: Davis Justin Alexander , Chakrabarti Kausik
Published: January 2022

Telomerase has an established role in telomere maintenance in eukaryotes. However, recent studies have begun to implicate telomerase in cellular roles beyond telomere maintenance. Specifically, evidence is emerging of cross‐talks between telomerase mediated telomere homeostasis and DNA repair pathways. Telomere shortening due to the end replication problem is a constant threat to genome integrity in eukaryotic cells. This poses a particular problem in unicellular parasitic protists because their major virulence genes are located at the subtelomeric loci. Although telomerase is the major regulator of telomere lengthening in eukaryotes, it is less studied in the ancient eukaryotes, including clinically important human pathogens. Recent research is highlighting interplay between telomerase and the DNA damage response in human parasites. The importance of this interplay in pathogen virulence is only beginning to be illuminated, including the potential to highlight novel developmental regulation of telomerase in parasites who transition between multiple developmental stages throughout their life cycle. In this review, we will discuss the telomerase ribonucleoprotein enzyme and DNA repair pathways with emerging views in human parasites to give a broader perspective of the possible connection of telomere, telomerase, and DNA repair pathways across eukaryotic lineages and highlight their potential role in pathogen virulence.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems

RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications