bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hadean/Eoarchean tectonics and mantle mixing induced by impacts: a three-dimensional study
Authors: Borgeat Xavier , Tackley Paul J.
Published: July 2022

The timing of the onset of plate tectonics on Earth remains a topic of strong debate, as does the tectonic mode that preceded modern plate tectonics. Understanding possible tectonic modes and transitions between them is also important for other terrestrial planets such as Venus and rocky exoplanets. Recent two-dimensional modelling studies have demonstrated that impacts can initiate subduction during the early stages of terrestrial planet evolution—the Hadean and Eoarchean in Earth’s case. Here, we perform three-dimensional simulations of the influence of ongoing multiple impacts on early Earth tectonics and its effect on the distribution of compositional heterogeneity in the mantle, including the distribution of impactor material (both silicate and metallic). We compare two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations to determine when geometry is important. Results show that impacts can induce subduction in both 2-D and 3-D and thus have a great influence on the global tectonic regime. The effect is particularly strong in cases that otherwise display stagnant-lid tectonics: impacts can shift them to having a plate-like regime. In such cases, however, plate-like behaviour is temporary: as the impactor flux decreases the system returns to what it was without impacts. Impacts result in both greater production of oceanic crust and greater recycling of it, increasing the build-up of subducted crust above the core-mantle boundary and in the transition zone. Impactor material is mainly located in the upper mantle, at least at the end of the modelled 500-million-year period. In 2-D simulations, in contrast to 3-D simulations, impacts are less frequent but each has a larger effect on surface mobility, making the simulations more stochastic. These stronger 2-D subduction events can mix both recycled basalt and impactor material into the lower mantle. These results thus demonstrate that impacts can make a first-order difference to the early tectonics and mantle mixing of Earth and other large terrestrial planets, and that three-dimensional simulations are important to obtain less stochastic results, and also to not over- or under-predict the amount of impactor material mixed into the mantle and the time during which a specific tectonic regime acts.
Overweight and obesity and associated factors among adult ART patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kure Ashenafi , Abebe Amene , Baza Daniel , Paulos Wondimagegn
Published: July 2022

Background

Overweight and obesity complicates the care and treatment of ART patients and predispose them to chronic non-communicable diseases. However, there is a shortage of research evidence on overweight and obesity and its associated factors among adult ART patients in our setting. Therefore, this study aimed to asses overweight and obesity and associated factors among adult ART patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted by using systematic sampling technique. Primary and secondary data were collected from 369 adult ART patients from February to May 2017. Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and laboratory outputs were used as primary data. The patient’s baseline medical records were used as secondary data. Ethiopian Ministry of Health ART patient’s follow-up tool was used to collect the required information. The standard laboratory and well-calibrated digital Seca Scale and portable Stadio-meter were used to collect medical and anthropometric data. Data were entered into Epi- data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and presented by tables, graphs and texts. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed and the level of statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05.

Results

The prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) was 43.4% (95% CI = 43.35, 43.45). The difference in the overweight and obesity between the study period and initial commencement of ART was 35%. The course of HIV chronic care since the commencement of ART and during the study was 35%. Higher recent CD4 counts (200-499cells/mm3) (AOR = 3.15, 95%CI = 1.04–9.49) and (≥ 500 cells/mm3) (AOR = 7.58, 95%CI = 2.49–23.08), hypertension (AOR = 2.57, 95%CI = 1.24–5.35), higher baseline BMI status (AOR = 5.93, 95%CI = 2.62–13.40) and abdominal obesity (AOR = 1.82, 95%CI = 1.07–3.10) were significantly associated with overweight and obesity.

Conclusion

In this study, a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult ART patients was reported compared to general adult population in Ethiopia. Overweight and obesity were significantly higher among hypertensive, with higher recent CD4 counts and abdominal obese ART patients. Thus, screening of overweight and obesity, incorporating nutritionist/dietician into the routine chronic care, and regular monitoring of the nutritional status of ART patients is recommended.
An unique case of isolated right upper lobe lung agenesis with abnormal middle lobe segmentation
Authors: Panduranga Shruthi , V Harisha , Mehta Ravindra M.
Published: July 2022

Background

Isolated right upper lobe pulmonary agenesis is a highly uncommon congenital anomaly, usually detected at adulthood when the patient is evaluated for an incidental abnormal chest radiograph. Chest radiography findings are non-specific. Chest computed tomography with pulmonary angiography is the modality of choice for diagnosing pulmonary agenesis.

Case presentation

We describe a case of isolated right upper lobe agenesis in a young man who presented with mild shortness of breath and an abnormal chest radiograph. High-resolution computed tomography chest showed right upper lobe pulmonary agenesis which was initially erroneously diagnosed as right lower lobe collapse on chest X-ray. Abnormal segmentation of the middle lobe was also seen which has not been described earlier according to our literature search.

Conclusions

There should be a high index of suspicion for congenital anomalies on chest X-ray to recommend further imaging studies. This case highlights the importance of computed tomography with pulmonary angiography to adequately assess and characterize the congenital lung anomalies.
Examining the common and specific grey matter abnormalities in childhood maltreatment and peer victimisation
Authors: Lim Lena , Khor Chiea Chuen
Published: July 2022

Background

Early-life interpersonal stress, particularly childhood maltreatment, is associated with neurobiological abnormalities. However, few studies have investigated the neural effects of peer victimisation.

Aims

This study examines common and specific associations between childhood maltreatment, peer victimisation and brain structural alterations in youths.

Method

Grey matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness data were collected from 105 age- and gender-matched youths (age range: 17–21 years). Region-of-interest and whole-brain analyses were conducted.

Results

For the region-of-interest analyses, the childhood maltreatment group had smaller GMV than controls in left inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral anterior insula, postcentral and lingual regions, which were associated with greater emotional abuse, along with smaller insular GMV than the peer victimisation group, who had smaller left lingual and postcentral GMV than controls. At the whole-brain level, both childhood maltreatment and peer victimisation groups had smaller GMV than controls in a cluster comprising left post/precentral, inferior frontal gyrus, insula, superior parietal and supramarginal gyri. The peer victimisation group alone had increased cortical thickness in a cluster comprising left superior frontal, anterior cingulate and medial orbitofrontal gyri, which was related to greater cyberbullying.

Conclusions

Early-life interpersonal stress is associated with common structural alterations of the inferior frontal-limbic, sensory and lingual regions involved in cognitive control, emotion and sensory processing. The findings of childhood-maltreatment-related reduced anterior insular GMV and peer-victimisation-related increased cortical thickness in the left medial prefrontal-anterior cingulate cluster underscore the distinctive negative effects of childhood maltreatment and peer victimisation, and suggest that peer victimisation, particularly cyberbullying, could be as detrimental as childhood maltreatment.
Intensive Multimodality Therapy for Extraocular Retinoblastoma: A Children's Oncology Group Trial (ARET0321)
Authors: Dunkel Ira J. , Piao Jin , Chantada Guillermo L. , Banerjee Anuradha , Abouelnaga Sherif , Buchsbaum Jeffrey C. , Merchant Thomas E. , Granger Meaghan M. , Jubran Rima F. , Weinstein Joanna L. , Saguilig Lauren , Abramson David H. , Krailo Mark D. , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos , Chintagumpala Murali M.
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE

Metastatic retinoblastoma has a poor prognosis when treated with conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT). Intensified therapy may improve the outcome.

METHODS

A prospective, international trial enrolled patients with extraocular retinoblastoma. Patients with stage II or III (locoregional) retinoblastoma received four cycles of chemotherapy, followed by involved field RT (45 Gy). Patients with stage IVa or IVb (metastatic or trilateral) retinoblastoma also received four cycles of chemotherapy and those with ≥ partial response then received one cycle of high-dose carboplatin, thiotepa, and etoposide with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell support. Patients with stage IVa or IVb with residual tumor postchemotherapy received RT. The proportion of patients who achieved event-free survival would be reported and compared with historical controls separately for each of the three groups of patients.

RESULTS

Fifty-seven eligible patients were included in the analyses. Event-free survival at 1 year was 88.1% (90% CI, 66.6 to 96.2) for stage II-III, 82.6% (90% CI, 61.0 to 92.9) for stage IVa, and 28.3% (90% CI, 12.7 to 46.2) for stage IVb/trilateral. Toxicity was significant as expected and included two therapy-related deaths.

CONCLUSION

Intensive multimodality therapy is highly effective for patients with regional extraocular retinoblastoma and stage IVa metastatic retinoblastoma. Although the study met its aim for stage IVb, more effective therapy is still required for patients with CNS involvement (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00554788 ).
Genomic Biomarkers and Genome-Wide Loss-of-Heterozygosity Scores in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Following Progression on Androgen-Targeting Therapies
Authors: Zurita Amado J. , Graf Ryon P. , Villacampa Guillermo , Raskina Kira , Sokol Ethan , Jin Dexter , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Li Gerald , Huang Richard S. P. , Casanova-Salas Irene , Vivancos Ana , Carles Joan , Ross Jeffrey S. , Schrock Alexa B. , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Mateo Joaquin
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE

To study the impact of standard-of-care hormonal therapies on metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) clinical genomic profiles in real-world practice, with a focus on homologous recombination-repair (HRR) genes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Targeted next-generation sequencing of 1,302 patients with mPC was pursued using the FoundationOne or FoundationOne CDx assays. Longitudinal clinical data for correlative analysis were curated via technology-enabled abstraction of electronic health records. Genomic biomarkers, including individual gene aberrations and genome-wide loss-of-heterozygosity (gLOH) scores, were compared according to biopsy location and time of sample acquisition (androgen deprivation therapy [ADT]-naïve, ADT-progression and post-ADT, and novel hormonal therapies [NHT]-progression), using chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Multivariable analysis used linear regression. False-discovery rate of 0.05 was applied to account for multiple comparisons.

RESULTS

Eight hundred forty (65%), 132 (10%), and 330 (25%) biopsies were ADT-naïve, ADT-progression, and NHT-progression, respectively. Later-stage samples were enriched for AR, MYC, TP53, PTEN, and RB1 aberrations (all adjusted P values < .05), but prevalence of HRR-related BRCA2, ATM, and CDK12 aberrations remained stable. Primary and metastatic ADT-naïve biopsies presented similar prevalence of TP53 (36% v 31%) and BRCA2 (8% v 7%) aberrations; 81% of ADT-naïve BRCA2-mutated samples presented BRCA2 biallelic loss. Higher gLOH scores were independently associated with HRR genes ( BRCA2, PALB2, and FANCA), TP53, and RB1 aberrations, and with prior exposure to hormonal therapies in multivariable analysis.

CONCLUSION

Prevalence of HRR-gene aberrations remains stable along mPC progression, supporting the use of diagnostic biopsies to guide poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. gLOH scores increase with emerging resistance to hormonal therapies, independently of individual HRR gene mutations.
Music Theory Pedagogy in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Utne-Reitan Bjørnar
Published: July 2022

What characterized conservatory music theory pedagogy in nineteenth-century Europe? This article discusses the traditions of music theory pedagogy associated with the conservatories in Paris, Vienna, and Leipzig, specifically focusing on the middle of the nineteenth century (ca. 1830–70). In the first section, the characteristics of the three individual traditions are discussed separately. The second section compares these traditions from three perspectives: theoretical framework, pedagogical approach, and historical legacy. Although the traditions are different on several central points (e.g., ties to Italian partimento pedagogy in Paris, to Ramellian fundamental bass in Vienna, and to Weberian Roman numeral analysis in Leipzig), they also have some fundamental similarities that drew the borders—the defining limits—of conservatory music theory. The author argues that in the nineteenth century the idea of music theory as a primarily written discipline (centered on textbooks and written exercises and largely separated from musical performance) became a central element of these general characteristics of music theory pedagogy that would be taken for granted and accepted as self-evident across institutional traditions.
SMART Registry: Safety and Performance of the Penumbra SMART COIL System for Patients With Intracranial Aneurysms 4 mm and Smaller
Authors: Spiotta Alejandro M. , Bellon Richard J. , Bohnstedt Bradley N. , Park Min S. , Sattur Mithun G. , Woodward B. Keith
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

The Penumbra SMART COIL System includes a novel generation of embolic coils composed of complex and WAVE shape properties with varying levels of softness.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess safety and efficacy of the SMART COIL System through a 1-year follow-up in patients with small intracranial aneurysms.

METHODS:

This subset analysis of the SMART Registry, a prospective, multicenter study, includes patients with small intracranial aneurysms (≤4 mm) treated with the SMART COIL System. Registry end points include retreatment rates through 1 year, procedural device-related serious adverse events, and adequate occlusion postprocedure.

RESULTS:

Of 905 enrolled patients with aneurysms, 172 (19.0%) had small (≤4 mm) aneurysms (75.6% female; mean age 57.2 ± 13.4 years). 30.8% (53/172) of small aneurysms were ruptured, of which 50.9% (27/53) had Hunt and Hess ≥3. 79.5% (132/166) were wide-necked. Stent-assisted coiling and balloon-assisted coiling were performed in 37.2% (64/172) and 22.1% (38/172) of patients, respectively. The mean packing density for very small aneurysms was 44.9 (SD 25.23). Raymond Class I and Class II were achieved in 89.5% (154/172) postprocedure and 97.2% (137/141) at 1 year. The retreatment rate through 1 year was 5.6% (8/142), and the recanalization rate was 7.1% (10/141). The periprocedural device-related serious adverse event rate was 2.9% (5/172). Intraprocedural aneurysm rupture occurred in 0.8% of patients.

CONCLUSION:

This analysis suggests that the SMART COIL System is safe and efficacious in small aneurysms with satisfactory occlusion rates and low rates of rupture or rerupture. At 1 year, patients had low retreatment rates and good clinical outcomes.
Reoperative Brachial Plexus Neurolysis After Previous Anatomically Complete Supraclavicular Decompression for Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A 10-Year Single-Center Case Series
Authors: Jammeh Momodou L. , Yang Alexander , Abuirqeba Ahmmad A. , Ohman J. Westley , Thompson Robert W.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Optimal management of recurrent neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) remains a considerable challenge.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the safety and effectiveness of reoperative brachial plexus neurolysis in patients with recurrent NTOS.

METHODS:

From 2009 to 2019, 85 patients underwent reoperative supraclavicular brachial plexus neurolysis for recurrent NTOS after a previous anatomically complete supraclavicular decompression. Data from a prospectively maintained database were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS:

The mean patient age at reoperation was 36.9 ± 1.3 (range 15-64) years, 75% were female, and the interval after previous primary operation was 2.5 ± 0.2 years. Intervening injury had precipitated recurrent NTOS in 14 patients (16%), and the mean Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score before reoperation was 65.2 ± 2.6, reflecting substantial disability. Operative findings consisted of dense fibrous scar tissue surrounding/encasing the brachial plexus. Compared with the previous primary operations, reoperations had a shorter operative time (198 ± 4 vs 161 ± 5 minutes, P < .01) and hospital stay (4.4 ± 0.2 vs 3.6 ± 0.1 days, P < .01), but there were no significant differences in the frequency of prolonged hospitalization (7.1% vs 4.7%), early reoperation (3.5% vs 1.2%), or 30-day hospital readmission (8.2% vs 7.1%). During a median follow-up of 4.8 years, QuickDASH scores improved by 23.3 ± 2.6 (34.2% ± 3.6%; P < .01) and patient-rated outcomes were excellent in 24%, good in 42%, fair in 26%, and poor in 8%.

CONCLUSION:

Reoperative supraclavicular brachial plexus neurolysis is technically challenging but safe and effective treatment for recurrent NTOS, with significant improvements in symptoms and function. Diminishing perineural scar tissue development and avoiding secondary injury would likely decrease the need for reoperations.
Using the ROSA Robot for Lesion Resection: A Novel Adapter With Added Applications
Authors: Pruitt Rachel , Goldstein Todd A. , Rodgers Shaun
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

The ROSA robot (Medtech) has been shown to be a useful instrument in the surgeon's armamentarium for accurate placement of stereotactic electroencephlography depth electrodes. However, it has not yet been used as a navigation tool for lesion resection. Here, we demonstrate a novel adapter that allows the surgeon to use the ROSA robot with the NICO BrainPath for the resection of deep lesions.

OBJECTIVE:

To demonstrate the utility of an adapter that allows the ROSA robot to be used in conjunction with the NICO BrainPath tube for lesion resection.

METHODS:

A stainless steel adapter was made based on the specifications of the ROSA pointer instrument. Two 3D printed models were used to undergo a “mock” surgery using the adapter to assess for ease of use and applicability.

RESULTS:

The adapter allowed for adequate accessibility and visualization of the tumors in both mock cases. In addition, the stability of the ROSA robot and the design of the adapter allowed the surgeon to rest their hands on the instrument without jeopardizing its position.

CONCLUSION:

The ROSA adapter allowed for accurate navigation and exposure of these lesions, combining the accuracy and stability of the ROSA robot, with the retraction of the BrainPath tube.
Τυπολογίες ρόλων προέφηβων θυτών και θετικά κείμενων στον εκφοβισμό μαθητών
Authors: Κιπριτσή Ειρήνη
Published: July 2022

Η παρούσα μελέτη είχε ως σκοπό την εξέταση της ισχύος δύο ερμηνευτικών θέσεων του εκφοβισμού, όπως αυτές εκφράζονται μέσω δύο διακριτών τυπολογιών ρόλων συμμετοχής στον εκφοβισμό και μέσω της μέτρησης της γνωστικής επεξεργασίας των κοινωνικών πληροφοριών και της θεωρίας του νου των θυτών και των θετικά κείμενων στον εκφοβισμό μαθητών. Επιπλέον, εξετάστηκαν οι δύο λειτουργίες της επιθετικότητας καθώς και δύο προδιαθεσιακά χαρακτηριστικά της προσωπικότητας, η ενσυναίσθηση και τα χαρακτηριστικά ψυχοπαθητικής προσωπικότητας. Διεξήχθησαν δύο μελέτες στις οποίες το δείγμα αποτέλεσαν 222 μαθητές των δύο τελευταίων τάξεων του Δημοτικού Σχολείου οι οποίοι κατανεμήθηκαν σε ρόλους συμμετοχής στον εκφοβισμό με βάση δύο τυπολογίες ρόλων. Η Μελέτη 1 περιελάμβανε τη διεξαγωγή της έρευνας σε δύο χρονικές φάσεις: κατά την πρώτη φάση χορηγήθηκαν ομαδικά ερευνητικά εργαλεία αυτο-αναφοράς σε ένα ευρύτερο δείγμα μαθητών (935 μαθητές) και κατά τη δεύτερη φάση χορηγήθηκε ατομικά, έπειτα από προκριματικό έλεγχο, συστοιχία έργων και κοινωνικών σεναρίων με τη μορφή βίντεο καθώς και μία δοκιμασία λεκτικής ικανότητας. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα της Μελέτης 1, ως προς την παραδοσιακή τυπολογία ρόλων, αναδείχθηκαν διαφορές μεταξύ των θυτών, των θυτών-θυμάτων και των αμέτοχων ως προς την εκδίκηση, το φιλοκοινωνικό ενδιαφέρον για τα συναισθήματα του άλλου, το αυτο-προστατευτικό ενδιαφέρον για τα συναισθήματα του άλλου, τη σύναψη φιλικής σχέσης, τις δύο λειτουργίες της επιθετικότητας και τα χαρακτηριστικά ψυχοπαθητικής προσωπικότητας. Ως προς την τυπολογία ρόλων κατά Salmivalli αναδείχθηκαν οι ίδιες διαφορές μεταξύ των ρόλων όπως και στην παραδοσιακή τυπολογία ρόλων εκτός από το φιλοκοινωνικό ενδιαφέρον για τα συναισθήματα του άλλου. Η Μελέτη 2 είχε ως κύριο στόχο τη διερεύνηση της πιθανής κατάταξης των συμμετεχόντων στον εκφοβισμό σε διακριτούς ή όχι ρόλους σύμφωνα με τις δύο τυπολογίες ρόλων με τη χρήση δύο εργαλείων μέτρησης του εκφοβισμού. Δευτερεύων στόχος ήταν εξέταση της διαφοροποίησης των συμμετεχόντων που εμπίπτουν ταυτόχρονα σε δύο ρόλους που ανήκουν ο ένας στην παραδοσιακή τυπολογία ρόλων και ο άλλος στην τυπολογία ρόλων κατά Salmivalli ως προς τη γνωστική επεξεργασία των κοινωνικών πληροφοριών και τη θεωρία του νου. Τα αποτελέσματα της Μελέτης 2 έδειξαν ότι οι συμμετέχοντες κατατάχθηκαν σε παραπάνω από έναν ρόλους που προέρχονται από τα δύο διαφορετικά εργαλεία μέτρησης του εκφοβισμού και ανήκουν και στις δύο τυπολογίες ρόλων συμμετοχής στον εκφοβισμό και σημειώθηκαν διαφοροποιήσεις ως προς την εκδίκηση, το αυτο-προστατευτικό ενδιαφέρον για τα συναισθήματα του άλλου και τη σύναψη φιλικής σχέσης. Τα ευρήματα της παρούσας έρευνας μπορούν να αξιοποιηθούν στην εκπαίδευση.
Spartan sanctuaries and Laconian identity between 1200 and 600 BC
Authors: Φραγκοπούλου Φλωρεντία
Published: July 2022

This thesis explores those processes which led to the creation and definition of social groups among the inhabitants of what was later to become the territory of Classical Laconia. Its chronological focus is the early period of Spartan state formation (ca. 1200-600 BC, and especially the latter part of this period from 800-600 BC), and emphasis is placed on cult and ritual practice, especially the material record of sanctuaries. Emphasis on the sanctuary record reflects the fact that the extant evidence in the case of Laconia comes almost exclusively from sanctuaries where one would expect people to make statements about themselves and their community[ies]. The aim is to define the theoretical framework built around the formation and function of the Spartan state in its early stages - a framework delimited by existing theoretical discussions of the different social groups within Laconia. The relationship between this framework and the way/s in which the extant archaeological evidence has been used to date is re-assessed critically. Both the framework and the material evidence are examined in their own terms. Rather than using established historical notions to interpret the existing literary and archaeological evidence, these notions are themselves tested against the existing data, both literary and archaeological.
Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET)
Authors: Χατζηδάκης Μιχαήλ
Published: July 2022

Ένα Κινητό Αδόμητο Δίκτυο αποτελείται από κόμβους που κινούνται, είτε ακολουθώντας κάποιο συγκεκριμένο μοτίβο κίνησης, είτε τυχαία, χωρίς να υπάρχει κάποια επιπλέον υποδομή που να υποστηρίζει την λειτουργία του. Εξ ορισμού, στο δίκτυο αυτό δεν υπάρχουν προκαθορισμένοι ρόλοι για τους κόμβους που συμμετέχουν, αλλά τα διάφορα καθήκοντα που αναλαμβάνουν είναι αποτέλεσμα της θέσης τους στο χώρο, των ενεργειακών και υπολογιστικών αποθεμάτων τους και της διαθεσιμότητάς τους. Κατά τη διάρκεια της συνήθους λειτουργίας ενός τέτοιου δικτύου όλοι οι κόμβοι συνεργάζονται εκτελώντας μια πλειάδα καθηκόντων, έτσι ώστε η πληροφορία να μεταφέρεται από τον κόμβο που παράγεται μέχρι τον κόμβο που θα την καταναλώσει/αξιοποιήσει. Οι κόμβοι αυτοί είναι, συνήθως, περιορισμένων δυνατοτήτων (υπολογιστικών, μνήμης, ενέργειας), κάτι που πρέπει να ληφθεί υπ' όψιν κατά τον σχεδιασμό και την υλοποίηση του δικτύου. Επιπλέον, είναι δυνατόν να παρεισφρήσουν στο δίκτυο κακόβουλοι κόμβοι με στόχο την υπονόμευσή του.Ένας κακόβουλος κόμβος επιδιώκει με τη δράση του να προκαλέσει πρόωρη εξάντληση των πόρων του δικτύου, υπονομεύοντας έτσι την λειτουργικότητά του, να θέσει σε κίνδυνο την ασφάλειά του και την ακεραιότητα των πληροφοριών που διακινούνται ή/και να υποκλέψει ευαίσθητα δεδομένα των χρηστών του δικτύου. Επιπλέον, στόχος του κακόβουλου κόμβου μπορεί να είναι και η φυσική ακεραιότητα των κόμβων, δεδομένου ότι συχνά, το ενεργειακό απόθεμα του στόχου μιας επίθεσης είναι ασύμφορο οικονομικά, δύσκολο ή ακόμα και αδύνατο να αναπληρωθεί. Αυτή η Διδακτορική Διατριβή προτείνει ένα πλήρες πρωτόκολλο που αφορά στις δοσοληψίες κινητών κόμβων που λειτουργούν σε ένα δυναμικό περιβάλλον και το οποίο διασφαλίζει τόσο την ασφάλεια των δοσοληψιών, όσο και τη βέλτιστη εκμετάλλευση των πόρων του δικτύου. Συνοπτικά, προτείνεται η κατάτμηση του αδόμητου κινητού δικτύου σε συστάδες, η ανάδειξη ενός κόμβου που θα ενεργεί ως επικεφαλής της συστάδας, περιγράφονται αναλυτικά τα βήματα που πρέπει να ακολουθούν οι κόμβοι ώστε να εξασφαλίζονται οι αξιόπιστες συναλλαγές μεταξύ τους. Κεντρική θέση στο πρωτόκολλο έχει ένα σχήμα έγκαιρου εντοπισμού κάποιου κακόβουλου κόμβου και της αποκατάστασης της εμπιστοσύνης ενός κόμβου ο οποίος, για διάφορους λόγους, έχει λανθασμένα χαρακτηριστεί κακόβουλος ή μετέβαλε την συμπεριφορά του. Η μεταβολή αυτή μπορεί να οφείλεται σε διάφορους λόγους χωρίς να αποκλείεται η εκούσια/αυτόματη μεταβολή συμπεριφοράς λόγω μεγαλύτερου κέρδους που ο κακόβουλος κόμβος αποσκοπεί να αποκομίσει αν συμπεριφερθεί υγιώς. Στην περίπτωση αυτή η συμπεριφορά του κόμβου διέπεται από την θεωρία παιγνίων και έτσι αντιμετωπίζεται.
Ο χαρακτήρας της εκπαίδευσης των γυναικών (γυμναστικής και μουσικής) στον αρχαίο ελληνικό κόσμο
Authors: Μουρατίδου Αικατερίνη-Αντιγόνη
Published: July 2022

Σκοπός αυτής της έρευνας είναι η εξέταση του χαρακτήρα των σωματικών δραστηριοτήτων των κοριτσιών της Εποχής του Χαλκού και ιστορικής περιόδου της Ελλάδας. Επιπρόσθετα, η παρούσα μελέτη επιχειρεί να ρίξει αρκετό φως στη φύση των δραστηριοτήτων αυτών. Πολλά έχουν γραφτεί για το θέμα των σπορ και της φυσικής αγωγής στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, με έμφαση πάντοτε στη Φυσική Αγωγή των νέων. Είναι απορίας άξιο το γεγονός ότι οι ειδικοί σε θέματα Φυσικής Αγωγής και Αθλητισμού της αρχαίας Ελλάδας όπως οι ιστορικοί, οι αρχαιολόγοι και ιστορικοί της Φυσικής Αγωγής δεν έχουν ασχοληθεί επαρκώς με μία τόσο σπουδαία μελέτη όπως αυτή των φυσικών δραστηριοτήτων των κοριτσιών. Από τα αρχαιολογικά ευρήματα γίνεται γνωστό ότι οι γυναίκες της Μινωικής Κρήτης έπαιρναν μέρος σε αγώνες και χορούς. Από την αρχή, η φύση των δραστηριοτήτων αυτών ήταν τελετουργική, όμως με το πέρασμα του χρόνου μεταμορφώνονταν εν μέρει ή εξ ολοκλήρου σε κοσμική. Αυτή η σημαντική αλλαγή φαίνεται καθαρά τόσο στους χορούς της Μινωικής Κρήτης όσο και στα ταυροκαθάψια. Στην κυρίως Ελλάδα της Εποχής του Χαλκού η εικόνα παραμένει σχεδόν ίδια. Μεγάλη προσοχή πρέπει να δοθεί στην ομηρική διήγηση όσον αφορά το θέμα αυτό, δεδομένου ότι τα αρχαιολογικά ευρήματα δε φαίνεται να στηρίζουν πάντα την ομηρική θέση. Σήμερα οι ειδικοί συμφωνούν σχετικά με τη συμμετοχή των γυναικών της Σπάρτης σε λατρευτικές τελετές, χορούς και αγώνες μουσικής. Η συμμετοχή αυτή ήταν αποτέλεσμα των ειδικών προνομίων που έδωσε ο νομοθέτης στις γυναίκες της Σπάρτης, κάτι πρωτόγνωρο για τον ελληνικό χώρο. Μία άποψη σχεδόν γενικά αποδεκτή είναι αυτή της πλήρους απομόνωσης των γυναικών της Αθήνας στο σπίτι και στα καθήκοντα του σπιτιού, χωρίς καμία πρόσβαση σε φυσικές δραστηριότητες. Όμως η ερμηνεία των αρχαιολογικών ευρημάτων σε διαφορετικές περιοχές της Αττικής φανερώνει ότι οι γυναίκες στην Αττική έπαιρναν μέρος σε αγώνες, κυρίως σε δρόμους ταχύτητας, μάθαιναν κολύμβηση και εκτελούσαν χορούς, κυρίως θρησκευτικού χαρακτήρα. Σήμερα, πολλοί ερευνητές είναι απρόθυμοι να δεχτούν ότι τα ευρήματα της αρχαιολογικής σκαπάνης παρουσιάζουν ή απεικονίζουν γυναίκες της Αθήνας της κλασικής περιόδου. Φαίνεται ότι τα ευρήματα αυτά, που απεικονίζουν τις γυναίκες να τρέχουν ή να χορεύουν, έχουν τις ρίζες τους στην Ελλάδα της Εποχής του Χαλκού, όμως είναι φανερό ότι κατά την κλασική περίοδο οι δραστηριότητες αυτές έχουν χάσει ένα μεγάλο μέρος του θρησκευτικού τους χαρακτήρα υπέρ του κοσμικού. Από τη μελέτη αυτή γίνεται γνωστό ότι αυτή ήταν κυρίως η πορεία των φυσικών δραστηριοτήτων των γυναικών από την Εποχή του Χαλκού στους μετέπειτα χρόνους, δηλαδή η αλλαγή του χαρακτήρα τους από θρησκευτικό σε κοσμικό και όχι το αντίθετο. Με άλλα λόγια η εργασία αυτή παρουσιάζει, εκτός των άλλων, την εξέλιξη των φυσικών δραστηριοτήτων των γυναικών στον αρχαίο Ελληνικό κόσμο.
Optimal timing for lithium levels
Authors: Black Kevin J
Published: July 2022

Reddy and Reddy (2014) discuss the optimal timing for lithium levels in patients taking once-daily extended-release lithium formulations. They argue for blood sampling 24 h after the previous dose rather than the standard 12 h. I interpret the data quite differently. The authors start with the assumption that the clinician wants a trough level. I disagree. What one wants is to be able to compare a patient’s lithium level to the large body of published knowledge about lithium dosing. Almost all of that data comes from standard 12-h blood draws with plain (immediate-release) lithium carbonate or lithium citrate. So, the real question of interest is, with extended-release lithium formulations, at what time point does one draw the lithium level to compare most accurately with a standard 12-h blood draw with plain lithium carbonate?

The answer is not obvious because extended-release formulations affect only the absorption and not the excretion of lithium. Their primary benefit is reducing the transient peak lithium serum concentration, not delaying the (already relatively slow) elimination of lithium.

Emami and colleagues (2004) provide the needed data. First they show that 90% of the administered dose of a commercial extended-release formulation (Eskalith CR®) is absorbed by 4 h after a dose, and ~100% is absorbed by 8 h (their Figure 2A). Second, they show that at 12 h after a dose, the blood levels for immediate and extended release formulations are essentially identical (their Figure 3).  Thus 12 h after the previous dose is the ideal time for drawing blood levels for extended-release lithium tablets.
The Use of Project and Research Teaching Methods in the Implementation of Career Guidance Additional Educational Programs
Authors: Kozlenkova E. , Eprikyan D. , Volkova A.
Published: July 2022

The article discusses the process of promoting professional self-determination of schoolchildren using the methods of project and research training. The organization of career guidance work with schoolchildren at the university through the implementation of additional educational programs helps motivate talented and gifted youth to make a conscious choice of the trajectory of vocational education. Additional education is implemented primarily in order to meet the needs of schoolchildren in personal development and therefore is ineffective if it is carried out in accordance with traditional learning models. The authors substantiate the use of project and research methods of teaching during the implementation of additional educational programs for schoolchildren as a means of their development and self-development, formation of readiness for independent creative activity, awareness of the preferred sphere of future professional activity. The study of the effectiveness of the use of project and research training methods during the implementation of vocational guidance additional educational programs for schoolchildren was carried out on the basis of the Center for Technological Support of Education of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Vocational Education of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. As a result of the study, it is shown that the organization of design and research activities of schoolchildren contributes to their gaining experience in real design and survey work (in its individual elements) and the formation of appropriate practical skills.
Empirical Approach to the Study of Coping Strategies of Mothering Behavior
Authors: Serebryakova T. , Boyakova T.
Published: July 2022

The article reflects the results of the implementation of an empirical approach to understanding the problem of maternal behavior. Based on the research results of D.V. Winnicott, M. Mead, Z. Freud, E. Erickson; AND I. Vargi, I.S. Kona, R.V. Ovcharova, G.G. Filippova and many others, both foreign and domestic scientists, and considering parenthood as a bio-social phenomenon that includes a set of value orientations, attitudes, expectations, parental responsibility, feelings and attitudes towards children, as well as a style implemented in communication with a child. family education, we consider motherhood as the most important form of its manifestation (the results of research by A. Meneghetti, F. Horvath; V.I. Brutman, O.R. Voroshnina, V.S. Mukhina, M.S. Radionova, V.A. Ramikh, N.V. Samoukina, G.G. Filippova, etc.). Having generalized the approaches of researchers to the definition of the essence of motherhood, we tend to understand it as a socio-cultural phenomenon, a form of self-realization of a woman, which consists in a woman’s steady need to be a mother, which is manifested in care, love and responsibility towards your child. Turning to the study of the genesis, factors and conditions affecting the formation of motherhood (the works of N.N. Avdeeva, N.I. Gaposhenko, A.I. Zakharova, S.Yu. Meshcheryakova, R.V. Ovcharova, G.G. Filippova, etc.), we are inclined to say that the development of motherhood is a rather long process, carried out practically from the period of early childhood under the influence of both the experience and atmosphere of raising a child in the family of her parents, the specifics of the personal sphere of the expectant mother (for example, the character and the orientation of her attitude towards children, the need for their upbringing, etc.), as well as the whole spectrum of socio-economic processes taking place in a particular society. It is no coincidence that as a particular problem raised by researchers in the field of motherhood is the problem of coping strategies of maternal behavior (works by M.S. Golubeva, E.V. Zinchenko, E.V. Kuftyak, O.Yu. Odintsova, Yu. S. Potapova, etc.). Based on our analysis of the work of scientists, we consider it possible to say that the development and implementation of a special program of psychological and pedagogical support in modern mothers will influence the development and implementation of a special program of psychological and pedagogical support. The development of such a program was the goal of our study.
Coping Behavior: Essence, Structure and Mechanism of Formation
Authors: Bashilova-Selezneva E.
Published: July 2022

Modern post-industrial society makes new demands on a person, which cannot but affect the quality of his life and state of health. The high prevalence of addictive behavior, the steady growth of affective, anxiety and psychosomatic disorders, in which in 40-75% of cases there are violations of the regulation of emotions, require an expansion of ideas about the meaningful components of the emotionality of the individual, in particular about the psychological determinants and mechanisms that provide the possibility of effective regulation of emotions in help coping behavior. At present, the concept of coping behavior is used to study human actions not only under stress, but in other difficult life situations, to which we refer, including labor activity in adverse sanitary and epidemiological conditions. Among them, the COVID-19 pandemic, which has become widespread in the world since March 2019. The impact of coronovirus infection on the mental state of even a healthy person who is not susceptible to the disease, but who is in difficult conditions associated with social restrictions, is obvious. It is coping behavior that is an effective tool aimed at overcoming the destructive influences of the individual in modern conditions.
Analysis of Professional and Psychological Competencies of Employees of Information and Public Relations Departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Ivanova Regina
Published: July 2022

In order to develop the most effective complex of psychotechnologies for responding to the discrediting of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in the media space by the information and public relations units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and their implementation in the practical activities and educational process of training employees of these units, in the course of an empirical and experimental study, the task was set to study the level of professional and psychological competencies of employees of the information and public relations departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the psychotechnological aspect of the process of discrediting and responding to it. As a result of the study, it was found that it is necessary to create a deeper psychological basis in the activities of the information and public relations units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, to study and develop a psychological basis for training employees of this unit, to introduce the achievements of modern psychology into their activities.
The Role of International Monetary and Credit Relations in the System of the World Economy and Trends in Their Development in Modern Conditions
Authors: Al'mavadzhe Vahib Karim Musa
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the essence of international monetary and credit relations, determining their place and role in the system of world economic relations based on the study of theoretical approaches to the interpretation of this multi-component term, forms of interaction between the participants in these relations, as well as building a conceptual model for positioning monetary and credit relations in the global economic system.

The article presents the main trends in the development of monetary and credit relations in the world space, including: the transformation of international money circulation, currency globalization, currency polycentrism and regionalization, the universalization of the activity of participants in the loan capital markets and the transformation of traditional forms of credit operations, as well as the reasons that caused such changes. The article analyzes statistical data that clearly demonstrate the ongoing processes in the monetary and credit sphere, which determined the methodological tools of the study.
About the Key Directions of Methodology of Effective Bank Risk Management
Authors: Kozubekova R.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the role and importance of qualitative methodology in the creation of effective bank risk management. The paper analyzes the main problems faced by banks in the development of modern methodology and identifies key areas of innovative methodology of risk management in the modern conditions of digital economy. As a result of the research, it was highlighted that the qualitative methodology of bank is the most important aspect of creating an effective bank risk management system. It led us to the conclusion that it is necessary to constantly improve and develop the internal risk culture of the bank by regulating certain norms in internal regulatory documents. The development of methodology for bank risk management for the purposes of identification, localization, measurement and subsequent control will allow solving the main problems of risk management. At the same time, in the process of creating a high-quality internal regulatory framework, the specifics of the commercial bank's activities, the risks they face, as well as the tools used by banks in the risk management process should be taken into account.
The Device of the World Exchange Infrastructure. New Challenges for the Russian Market
Authors: Lukov V.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the problems of mutual settlements with the international central depository, which provides liquidity to the vast majority of foreign securities held by private and institutional investors, residents of the Russian Federation. The paper gives a description of the modern design of the exchange infrastructure of the Russian market. Methodical research tools: analysis of normative legal acts and resolutions, methodological instructions of the national settlement depository. As the study showed, the interests of Russian investors who make transactions with foreign securities are extremely vulnerable in the current version of interaction with foreign counterparties. It is concluded that the national organizers of the auction need to revise the structures of mutual settlements. The author put forward options for reducing the regulatory and transactional risks of transactions with foreign securities.
Performance anxiety related to sexual functioning – the role of sexual identity and minority stress.
Authors: Grabski Bartosz , Kasparek Krzysztof
Published: July 2022

Aim of the study

The study aimed to inquire if sexual identity was related to performance anxiety, and if proximal minority stress processes contributed to performance anxiety in gay and bisexual men.

Subject or material and methods

The present study was based on a database obtained from a larger Internet-based research project on the sexuality of Polish men of different sexual identities. The present sample consisted of 3,495 participants, i.e., 1,096 straight, 1,701 gay, and 698 bisexual men. The main outcome measure was performance anxiety which was measured using a single-item question: During the last 12 months has there ever been a period of several months when you felt anxious about your ability to perform sexually? Explanatory variables were demographics, relational and sex life characteristics – measured using a self-designed questionnaire, and minority stress processes – measured using the Sexual Minority Stress Scale.

Results

Gay and bisexual identities were related to performance anxiety in bivariate analyses however they lost their significance when other factors were controlled for. Relational status was identified as responsible for this change. Internalised homophobia, and expectations of rejection contributed to performance anxiety in minority men.

Discussion

A subset of gay and bisexual men, i.e., men who do not stay in committed relationships, may be particularly prone for developing performance anxiety, which is one of major factors contributing to sexual dysfunctions. Minority stress processes should be included in planning clinical interventions targeting sexual problems in theses populations.

Conclusions

Gay and bisexual men’s sexual problems need to be addressed in an individualised manner, with inclusion of minority specific processes.
Supporting pupils who have lost someone during the pandemic
Authors: Precious Gail
Published: July 2022

Gail Precious discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the numbers of bereaved pupils and outlines some considerations for teachers when offering support to a grieving pupil.
Exploring the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on PICU consultants, advanced nurse practitioners and trainee doctors
Authors: Christmas Alex , Mackinnon Catriona , Brincat Edgar , Donnelly Peter , Worrall Mark
Published: July 2022

Background:

Paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) staff members are at risk of burnout, stress, and fatigue. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected how we live and work; we postulate this increases the risk of stress-related disorders.

Aims:

To explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the wellbeing of PICU clinicians.

Methods:

An anonymised, single-centre survey was sent to clinicians, comprising four sections: burnout, work-related stress, work-related fatigue, and work-life balance. Two free-text questions explored perceptions of work-life balance and measures to improve wellbeing.

Results:

55.6% of respondents returned scores suggesting high burnout risk. 55.6% had answers suggesting work-related stress. 82.4% reported work-related fatigue. 55.5% felt that work-life balance had not improved during the pandemic.

Conclusions:

The proportion of staff at risk of burnout in this study is higher than that reported in pre-pandemic studies. Perceived work-life balance has been negatively impacted, and high levels of work-related stress and fatigue were identified.
Psychosis: Looking at recent research
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: July 2022

Psychosis is a serious but complex and heterogeneous condition. Stephanie Thornton discusses recent research, including the staging system and early intervention.
Bacteriocin Harvested from the Synbiotic Culture of Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria with Various Vegetables, Cereals, Fruits, Medicinal and Tuber Plants: Inhibition of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Sookkhee Siriwoot , Kumsang Yothin ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Boongum Sathian ,   Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Published: July 2022

Abstract The present study was to investigate and identify the antimicrobial lactic acid bacteria against some gastrointestinal pathogens, to compare the activity between their synbiotic culture and bacteria culture alone, and to characterize the bacteriocins produced by the synbiotic culture of these isolates. Among 600 isolates of selected lactic acid bacteria, three isolates of Lactocaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, two of Latilactobacillus curvatus subsp. curvatus, and one of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum exhibited the antibacterial activities against four standard reference bacteria, and twelve clinical strains of food-poisoning bacteria especially Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The synbiotic culture of L. paracasei 9/5, L. curvatus 87/6 and L. plantarum 89/4 which are cultured with sweet corn, grand red bean, papaya, star fruit, nashi pear, and black ginger exhibited significant inhibitions to V. parahaemolyticus. Bacteriocin which was harvested from the synbiotic culture of L. curvatus 87/6 and nashi pear demonstrated the strongest activity to the tested bacteria. After partial purification, ultrafiltration, and ion exchange column chromatography, this bacteriocin was anionic with 40-80 kDa and pI at 4-5. Its antimicrobial activities significantly decreased at pH > 8.0, with trypsin and pepsin digestions as well as after heating at > 100°C. Analyzed with SDS-PAGE, the suspected bacteriocin band was detected in the increased intensity, lower intensity, and was not detected after harvested from the synbiotic culture, the bacterial culture alone, and only plant powder extract, respectively. It was concluded that the synbiotic culture of L. curvatus with some prebiotics could induce potent antimicrobial bacteriocin production. Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria, Prebiotics, Synbiotic, Bacteriocin, Vibrio parahaemolyticus