bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Education and Legal Policy for Child Victims of Pornographic Content on Social Media
Authors: Hasanuddin  , Agustina  , Khairil Fauzan
Published: September 2024

Pornographic content is harmful to children's psychological and mental development. In Indonesia, many children are involved in activities and access pornographic content through social media. In some cases, children exposed to pornography will experience a decrease in IQ and mental disorders in terms of sexuality. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative identifying, explaining, and analysing a phenomenon based on variables and primary and secondary data. The purpose of this research is to find out the impact of pornographic content on social media for children's psychology and how the Indonesian government's policy addresses the problem. The results of this study show that the psychological impact of child victims of pornography include: anxiety and stress disorders, sexual perception deviations, identity and body image disorders, decreased social interaction skills, difficulty concentrating on learning and poor self-image. The Indonesian government's policy to protect children from pornography is carried out through penal means using criminal law enforcement instruments, as well as non-penal means, namely cooperation between countries and global child protection organisations, blocking content, and educating understanding of using a healthy internet.
Navigating the Challenges of Developing Niujiao Qin for Contemporary Cultural Transmission in Aba Prefecture, China
Authors: Xiaoao Sun  , Chalermsak Pikulsri  , Pornpan Kaenampornpan
Published: September 2024

The development of the Niujiao Qin for contemporary cultural transmission in Aba Prefecture, China, is a multifaceted task that includes cultural heritage protection, adaptation, and rejuvenation. Significant changes in the structure, tuning system, and musical performance of the Niujiao Qin occurred between AD 618 and 1980, reflecting the region's rich cultural context. These transformations contributed to cultural contacts, artistic manifestations, and larger socio-cultural tendencies. Since 1980, significant progress has been made in Tibetan music culture, academic trends, and instrument reform, demonstrating efforts to revitalize traditional heritage while incorporating new ideas. The Niujiao Qin's evolution demonstrates the complex interplay of tradition, innovation, and globalization in Aba Prefecture's cultural scene. The challenges include preserving the instrument's cultural core, combining tradition with modern demands, and rekindling enthusiasm among younger generations. By embracing tradition and innovation, encouraging collaboration, and engaging in education and outreach, stakeholders can effectively manage these hurdles and ensure Niujiao Qin's continued life and relevance in the cultural environment of Aba Prefecture.
Creation of Contemporary Ceramic Sculptures from Buriram Volcanic Stone Powder: The “Beauty of Family Relationships” Series
Authors: Vatchara Vachirapattarakul  , Pramote Pinsakul  , Kritsadakon Chueamklang
Published: September 2024

The Creation of Contemporary Ceramic Sculptures from Buriram Volcanic Stone Powder: The "Beauty of Family Relationships" Series, has the following objectives: 1) to develop and test the physical properties of clay bodies and glazes incorporating volcanic stone powder from Buriram province to determine their suitability for artistic creation; 2) to create contemporary ceramic sculptures using volcanic stone powder from Buriram province as a raw material; 3) to disseminate the contemporary ceramic sculptures through exhibitions, publications, and other media to the public; and 4) to integrate research into teaching and academic services, promoting shared aesthetic experiences through knowledge sharing. In the study of clay bodies, the optimal mixture ratio was found to be 50% Ban Kruat clay and 50% ball clay, further enhanced by the addition of 15% basalt stone powder. This resulted in a unique color and texture, suitable for forming large-scale pieces. For the glaze, a composition of 60% basalt stone powder, 30% feldspar, and 10% ball clay was fired at 1230 degrees Celsius. The resulting glaze exhibited excellent properties, allowing for the layering of different glazes to achieve a diverse range of beautiful colors. In the creative process, the researchers designed the artworks by sketching 2D and 3D drawings. The designs were divided into five sets based on ceramic forming techniques: Set 1 utilized coil building; Set 2 employed pinching and coiling; Set 3 involved slab building; Set 4 used wheel throwing; and Set 5 focused on sculptural techniques. The creative process revealed unique and distinctive characteristics of the artistic creation. The artworks are not limited in terms of shape, form, or decorative techniques. The researchers were able to design and create a diverse range of works according to the intended objectives, while adhering to the design principles based on the concept and inspiration derived from the Beauty of Family Relationships. These contemporary ceramic sculptures consider both aesthetics and functionality, resulting in a new form of sculptural expression that is harmonious, aesthetically valuable, and fully functional in accordance with the purpose of each piece.
The Application of Tri Hita Karana Principles in Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning: A Case Study of Kedonganan Traditional Village, Bali
Authors: Irina Mildawani  , I Gusti Agung Ayu Rai Asmiwyati  , Rehulina Apriyanti  , Veronika Widi Prabawasari  , Armaini Akhirson
Published: September 2024

Tri Hita Karana is a traditional Balinese philosophy that emphasizes the importance of balance in the relationships between humans and God, humans and others, and humans and the natural environment. Although this principle underpins many aspects of life, its application in architectural and urban planning often faces various challenges. This research identifies the gap between traditional principles and the demands of modern development. A qualitative case study approach was used in Kedonganan Traditional Village, Kuta, Bali, employing in-depth interviews and direct observation methods. The results of the study show that the people of Kedonganan Traditional Village still uphold customs and cultural traditions, which are implemented in various aspects of daily life, including religious activities, mutual cooperation, and environmental management. Collaboration between the government and traditional communities has proven effective in maintaining ecological, social, and spiritual balance. Additionally, the findings indicate that cultural, architectural and landscape elements remain relevant and functional in community life. The implications of this research highlight the importance of integrating Tri Hita Karana values into development policies to achieve sustainable balance.
Level of Effectiveness of the Simulation Tool-Modified (Set-M) Among Anesthesia Nurses
Authors: Shaoru Chen , Cadena Jocelyn May Flor
Published: September 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic posed a significant challenge to nurses' work, especially in training nurses in clinical skills. This study aimed to localize the Situational Simulation Teaching Effectiveness-Revised Scale and to determine how effective situational simulation is among anesthesia nurses. A descriptive correlation regression analysis design was used for the quantitative analysis method. The participants were 233 registered nurses working in a tertiary hospital in Henan Province, China. Data were collected using the Chinese version of the Contextual Simulation Teaching Effectiveness Scale-Revised questionnaire. Results showed that there was a significant difference in the level of effectiveness of the Simulation Tool-Modified (SET-M) in terms of learning when classified as sex. There was a significant difference in the level of effectiveness of the Simulation Tool-Modified (SET-M) in terms of confidence when classified by sex and work experience. There was a significant difference in the level of effectiveness of the Simulation Tool-Modified (SET-M) in terms of debriefing when classified as to educational background. The findings suggest that hospitals should provide training in contextual simulation teaching for anesthesia nurses to improve their clinical skills. It is recommended that hospitals, nurses, patients, and administrators promote situational simulation from different perspectives. The Situational Simulation Teaching Ability Training is further recommended to provide training for anesthesia nurses. Keywords: situational simulation teaching, simulation tool-modified (SET-M), anesthesia nurses
Exploration of Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosing Dementia through Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Xu Muchen
Published: September 2024

Dementia, marked by cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric symptoms, significantly impacts individuals and society, especially with an aging global population. Despite the need for early diagnosis and intervention, current diagnostic methods are costly and invasive. This study investigates blood-based microRNAs (miRNAs) as non-invasive, cost-effective biomarkers for early dementia diagnosis and subtype differentiation. Using machine learning techniques, we analyzed serum miRNA expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE120584), which includes samples from dementia and cognitively normal controls. Our approach involved Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), and Neural Networks for feature selection. Logistic Regression was used for classification. Pathway analysis was further performed on the target genes of the identified miRNA biomarkers to explore biological insights behind these biomarkers. We identified miRNAs such as miR-6777-3p, miR-1471, and miR-6806-5p as potential biomarkers for dementia diagnosis and miRNAs like miR-4290 and miR-3184-3p for subtype differentiation. Among the miRNA biomarkers, miR-371b-3p, miR-1539, and miR-4290 are newly discovered biomarkers that have not been mentioned in any studies before. Additionally, this study demonstrates the power of integrating deep learning with traditional machine learning techniques to find new outcomes. This study also reveals the connection between dementia and infectious diseases on a molecular level, providing new therapeutic insights in dementia.
UNIDADES GEOAMBIENTAIS DO MUNICÍPIO DE CAICÓ/RN, BRASIL
Authors: Peixôto Maria Carolina de Santana , Pereira Patrício Martiniano , Oliveira Vládia Pinto Vidal de , Pereira Neto Manoel Cirício
Published: September 2024

Analisar e compreender as transformações no espaço podem servir de subsídio para a gestão e planejamento ambiental locais. Com base nos estudos integrados, esse artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar os sistemas ambientais do município de Caicó, localizado no semiárido potiguar, a partir das características físicas de geologia, geomorfologia, pedologia, hidrografia e clima, usados principalmente para estudos da paisagem por meio de material cartográfico e descrição de cada tema abordado, utilizando como critério de delimitação a geomorfologia. Os resultados mostraram que o município se encontra em área geológica de embasamento cristalino, com solos predominantemente rasos, relevo plano a suavemente ondulado e clima semiárido, evidenciando uma possível vulnerabilidade para processos de degradação ambiental, tendo em vista que as próprias características físicas de Caicó contribuem para que isso ocorra. A partir disso percebe-se, pois, a importância e relevância de estudos integrados e a compreensão dos sistemas ambientais, na respectiva escala abordada, bem como sua continuação e investigação mais aprofundada. Espera-se ainda que esse artigo sirva de base para trabalhos futuros bem como subsidiar propostas de planejamento e ordenamento ambiental, de acordo com as suas potencialidades e limitações.
EFEITO DA RECUPERAÇÃO DO SOLO SOBRE A MACROFAUNA EM DIFERENTES UNIDADES GEOECOLÓGICAS DA CAATINGA
Authors: Oliveira Paulo Jerônimo Lucena de , Monteiro Junior Irami Rodrigues , Regis Jefferson Luan de Araújo , Cardins Iaponan de Sousa Almeida , Cruz Maria Lúcia Brito da
Published: September 2024

A macrofauna do solo inclui os invertebrados que apresentam tamanho do corpo maior que 2 mm de comprimento e são considerados bioindicadores de qualidade do ambiente, por serem sensíveis às alterações no ambiente. Dessa forma, este trabalho objetivou analisar os efeitos das práticas de recuperação de áreas degradadas sobre a macrofauna em unidades geoecológicas distintas. Foram analisadas duas áreas experimentais na depressão sertaneja e na vertente seca do planalto da Borborema utilizando as armadilhas do tipo PROVID, as quais foram espacializados em 3 diferentes tratamentos de solo (X, Y e Z) para efeito comparativo. Durante os 4 dias em que as armadilhas ficaram em campo, foram coletados 472 indivíduos na área experimental da depressão sertaneja e 543 indivíduos na área da vertente seca do planalto da Borborema, totalizando 1.015 indivíduos, distribuídos em 13 grupos taxonômicos a nível de ordem. Os resultados não demostraram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos do solo em relação a abundância e riqueza da macrofauna. Portanto, a partir da presença da macrofauna nos ambientes pode-se ter um entendimento que as duas áreas experimentais estão em processo de formação de novos habitats, onde darão suporte para o equilíbrio ecológico dessas áreas que em algum momento sofreram intensos processos de degradação ambiental.
INTERAÇÕES GEOECOLÓGICAS DOS RECIFES DE ARENITO NA PAISAGEM LITORÂNEA PIAUIENSE
Authors: Baptista Elisabeth Mary de Carvalho
Published: September 2024

O presente trabalho se insere na perspectiva da geoecologia da paisagem voltada para o espaço litorâneo e seus atributos. O objetivo do estudo se constituiu em analisar os recifes de arenito piauienses, como componente geológico-geomorfológico da paisagem natural local, sua relação com a sociedade e contribuição para a gestão sustentável da região, na abordagem geoecológica. Os procedimentos metodológicos empregados constaram de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, com observação e registro fotográfico. Os principais resultados apontam para a identificação de dois tipos de recifes de arenito que ocorrem no litoral do estado, predominando o tipo ferruginoso associado à Formação Barreiras, sendo ambos atributos geológicos-geomorfológicos da paisagem litorânea piauiense e, portanto, relevantes para a dinâmica costeira e para a sociedade, apresentando funções naturais (geológica, geomorfológicas e ecológicas), sociais (econômica, histórica, turística, de lazer) e integrada (socioambiental). Sugere-se a utilização das áreas recifais como instrumento para o Gerenciamento Costeiro Integrado (GCI) a partir de suas interações geoecológicas.
Evangelization through the Sale of Coffee and Noken: An Inculturation Effort towards Indigenous Papuans in Modio Parish
Authors: Kira Biru
Published: September 2024

The focus of this research is to answer the question of how the Gospel is preached to the people of Indigenous Papuans (OAP) in Santa Maria Bunda Rosario Parish, Modio. This research uses a qualitative method by conducting a process of participatory observation and involvement as an 'insider', and the data is analyzed phenomenologically or using a hermeneutic approach. The results obtained from this research are that the preaching of the gospel is carried out through efforts to develop the people's economy based on the reality of the community's attachment to their land and forest products, by buying and selling coffee and noken. The community enthusiastically participates in this economic development program because this effort has answered their longing for salvation now and here in accordance with the challenges of daily life.
Nephritic syndrome and acute kidney injury following poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in pediatric patients: A case report
Authors: Indriastuti Endah , Rangkuti Rahmah Yasinta , Kurniawan Alvin Hartanto
Published: September 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by an abrupt decrease in glomerular filtration rate, manifesting as an increase in serum creatinine or oliguria. Nephritic syndrome, a manifestation of glomerulonephritis, presents with hematuria, hypertension, decreased urine output, and edema. This case report discusses an 11-year-old Asian boy who presented with decreased urination, shortness of breath, hypertension, and bilateral leg edema. Urinalysis revealed hematuria, proteinuria, and dysmorphic erythrocytes, while serum creatinine was elevated with a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The patient had a positive ASTO test, indicating poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis as the underlying cause of nephritic syndrome and AKI. Although most cases of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in children have a favorable outcome, some cases can develop into a serious, life-threatening condition that requires careful attention. This case highlights the importance of early detection and management of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis to prevent progression to nephritic syndrome and AKI, especially in resource-limited settings. Modest examination modalities can facilitate early detection and faster patient management, particularly in developing countries, to reduce the risk of mortality associated with severe AKI in pediatric patients.
La signalétique urbaine dans les villes kurdes en Turquie au tournant des années 2000 : le paysage linguistique comme reflet de la réalité ?
Authors: Acar Nesibe
Published: September 2024

Dans cet article, nous nous attacherons à analyser la signalétique du paysage urbain dans une perspective aussi bien sociolinguistique que pluridisciplinaire. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes posé ces questions : peut-on parler de l’existence du bilinguisme/plurilinguisme à travers le paysage linguistique ? Si oui, par quel moyen et par qui cette politique de bilinguisme est-elle instaurée ? Peut-on parler du bilinguisme égalitaire à travers les enseignes ? Pour traiter ces questions, nous étudierons les enseignes monolingues, bilingues/plurilingues des villes kurdes au Kurdistan de Turquie au cours de trois périodes marquées par : l’histoire du monolinguisme depuis la fondation de la République de Turquie, l’installation de la signalétique bilingue/plurilingue depuis le début des années 2000 au Kurdistan, et la suppression de cette signalétique à partir de 2014.
MAVEN observations of energy‐time dispersed electron signatures in Martian crustal magnetic fields
Authors: Harada Y. , Mitchell D. L. , Halekas J. S. , McFadden J. P. , Mazelle C. , Connerney J. E. P. , Espley J. , Brain D. A. , Larson D. E. , Lillis R. J. , Hara T. , Livi R. , DiBraccio G. A. , Ruhunusiri S. , Jakosky B. M.
Published: January 2016

Energy‐time dispersed electron signatures are observed by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission in the vicinity of strong Martian crustal magnetic fields. Analysis of pitch angle distributions indicates that these dispersed electrons are typically trapped on closed field lines formed above strong crustal magnetic sources. Most of the dispersed electron signatures are characterized by peak energies decreasing with time rather than increasing peak energies. These properties can be explained by impulsive and local injection of hot electrons into closed field lines and subsequent dispersion by magnetic drift of the trapped electrons. In addition, the dispersed flux enhancements are often bursty and sometimes exhibit clear periodicity, suggesting that the injection and trapping processes are intrinsically time dependent and dynamic. These MAVEN observations demonstrate that common physical processes can operate in both global intrinsic magnetospheres and local crustal magnetic fields.
The 2.2‐Angstrom resolution crystal structure of the carboxy‐terminal region of ataxin‐3
Authors: Zhemkov Vladimir A. , Kulminskaya Anna A. , Bezprozvanny Ilya B. , Kim Meewhi
Published: January 2016

An expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) sequence in ataxin‐3 protein causes spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, an inherited neurodegenerative disorder. The crystal structure of the polyQ‐containing carboxy‐terminal fragment of human ataxin‐3 was solved at 2.2‐Å resolution. The Atxn3 carboxy‐terminal fragment including 14 glutamine residues adopts both random coil and α‐helical conformations in the crystal structure. The polyQ sequence in α‐helical structure is stabilized by intrahelical hydrogen bonds mediated by glutamine side chains. The intrahelical hydrogen‐bond interactions between glutamine side chains along the axis of the polyQ α‐helix stabilize the secondary structure. Analysis of this structure furthers our understanding of the polyQ‐structural characteristics that likely underlie the pathogenesis of polyQ‐expansion disorders.
Multimodal, Biomaterial‐Focused Anticoagulation via Superlow Fouling Zwitterionic Functional Groups Coupled with Anti‐Platelet Nitric Oxide Release
Authors: Amoako Kagya A. , Sundaram Harihara S. , Suhaib Ahmed , Jiang Shaoyi , Cook Keith E.
Published: January 2016

The functions of anti‐fouling, zwitterionic polycarboxybetaine (pCB) coating, and anti‐platelet nitric oxide (NO) release replicate key anticoagulant properties of the endothelium. The two approaches, only tested separately thus far, are paired on gas permeable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes and evaluated for fibrinogen (Fg) and platelet adsorption. Uncoated (control) and pCB‐coated PDMS separate sheep plasma (108 platelets per milliliter) and gas flow chambers within bioreactors used in this study, and either 100 or 0 ppm of NO/N2 flows through the gas chamber so PDMS transfers NO into flowing plasma. Surface‐adsorbed platelets are quantified using a lactate dehydrogenase assay after 8h plasma recirculation. Fg and platelet adsorption on pCB‐coated PDMS are 10.40% ± 3.0% of control (p < 0.01) and 23.3% ± 7.4% (p < 0.01) of control, respectively. NO flux alone limits platelet adsorption to 79.0% ± 5.0% (p < 0.05) of control. Together, NO and pCB reduce platelet adsorption to 6.90% ± 1.30% of control (p < 0.001). The data suggest that pCB coating and NO act in concert to reduce platelet fouling at significantly higher levels than either pCB coating or NO release alone.
Large‐Scale Fabrication of Robust Superhydrophobic Coatings with High Rigidity and Good Flexibility
Authors: Chen Liang , Sun Xiaoying , Hang Jianzhong , Jin Lujiang , Shang Dan , Shi Liyi
Published: January 2016

The practical applications of superhydrophobic self‐cleaning surfaces have been hampered by poor mechanical durability. Here, a composite coating that possesses excellent superhydrophobicity and robust mechanical durability is fabricated, consisting of a methyl silicone resin and a superhydrophobic silica sol. The coating can be sprayed, dipped, rolled, or flowed onto various substrates, such as glass, metal, paper, and cloth, for large‐scale applications. The coating exhibits remarkable superhydrophobicity even after undergoing a finger‐wipe test, a knife‐scratch test, or 50 abrasion cycles with sandpaper. Moreover, the coating on hard substrates exhibits high rigidity (pencil hardness of 9H), good flexibility (impact resistance of 1 m•kg) and great adhesion (5B).
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Analogue by Self‐Complementary Terahertz Meta‐Atom
Authors: Jung Hyunseung , In Chihun , Choi Hyunyong , Lee Hojin
Published: January 2016

In the past years, many researchers have tried to realize the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomena from the metamaterial arrays for the attractable applications such as slow light devices, novel optical communication systems, and nonlinear optical devices. Most of metamaterial enabled EIT analogues reported so far are based on the destructive interference between the bright and dark meta‐atoms. Whether they are located on the same plane or off the plane, EIT‐like properties can be achieved only by breaking the symmetry between the bright and dark meta‐atoms. In this study, a novel self‐complimentary terahertz meta‐atom is developed by combining cut‐wire resonators and its pseudo‐complimentary pattern within a single meta‐atom. From the measurement results, it is verified that the proposed meta‐atom can exhibit EIT‐like phenomenon within a single unit cell by controlling the focus of the electric field induced by the incident terahertz waves within the self‐complimentary meta‐atom cell as predicted by the numerical simulation as well as by the theoretical forced oscillation model.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Castor Oil–Based Polyurethane Adhesive: Effect of TiO2 Filler
Authors: Malik Manjeet , Kaur Raminder
Published: January 2016

Polyurethane (PU) production with the use of vegetable oils is greatly appreciated by researchers due to their low cost, easy availability, and nontoxic nature. The addition of TiO2 in castor oil–based PU adhesive led to a remarkable enhancement in its mechanical and chemical resistance, an increase in Tg value, and the adhesion. TGA analysis was done to study the thermal stability of prepared adhesive. The adhesive was also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT‐IR spectroscopy. Influence of various factors such as the NCO/OH molar ratio, hydroxyl value of polyols, and the amount of filler on the properties of adhesive were studied in detail. The adhesive with a mole ratio of NCO/OH equaling to 1.2, filled with 3 wt% TiO2, was found to be much better than the commercial adhesive used for bonding wood, when tested for single lap shear strength in various environmental conditions.
Structural and Optical Properties of Manganese‐Doped NanocrystallineZinc Oxide/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Flexible Composite Thin Films Deposited by the Sol–Gel Method
Authors: Bhunia R. , Das S. , Hussain S. , Sehgal G. , Chakraborty B. R. , Bhar R. , Pal A. K.
Published: January 2016

Mn‐doped nanocrystalline ZnO (MnxZn1–xO) was incorporated in the polyvinylidene fluoride thin film for obtaining the free‐standing flexible film by the sol–gel technique. The effect of Mn‐ZnO loading on the optical and microstructural properties of the Mn‐ZnO/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite films was studied critically for the as‐deposited and the poled samples. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy were carried out to study the bonding environment. The XPS spectra recorded for poled samples from the fluorine‐terminated surface showed a very strong peak at ∼695 eV for F1s arising due to C–F bonds. Raman studies showed the presence of the predominant β phase of PVDF in the sample. Peaks related to ZnO nanocrystals were also observed in the Raman spectra. Photoluminescence spectra indicated a strong emission band at ∼2.79 eV in the ultraviolet region arising out of near band edge emission of free excitons.
Gorlin syndrome with an ovarian leiomyoma associated with a PTCH1 second hit
Authors: Akizawa Yoshika , Miyashita Toshiyuki , Sasaki Ryo , Nagata Reiko , Aoki Ryoko , Ishitani Ken , Nagashima Yoji , Matsui Hideo , Saito Kayoko
Published: January 2016

We describe a Gorlin syndrome (GS) case with two different second hit mutations of PTCH1, one in a keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) and the other in an ovarian leiomyoma. GS is a rare genetic condition manifesting as multiple basal cell nevi associated with other features such as medulloblastomas, skeletal abnormalities, and ovarian fibromas. A 21‐year‐old Japanese woman with a history of two KCOTs was diagnosed with GS according to clinical criteria. A PTCH1 mutation, c.1427del T, was detected in peripheral blood. A novel PTCH1 mutation, c.264_265insAATA, had been found in the maxillary KCOT as a second hit mutation. More recently, the ovarian tumor was detected during a gynecological examination. Laparoscopic adnexectomy was performed, and the pathological diagnosis of the ovarian tumor was leiomyoma. Interestingly, another novel mutation, loss of heterozygosity spanning from 9q22.32 to 9q31.2, including PTCH1 and 89 other genes, was detected in this ovarian tumor, providing evidence of a second hit mutation. This is the first report describing a GS‐associated ovarian tumor carrying a second hit in the PTCH1 region. We anticipate that accumulation of more cases will clarify the importance of second hit mutations in ovarian tumor formation in GS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of the effect of the test rate on polymer essential work of fracture parameters for the small punch test
Authors: Cuesta I. I. , Alegre J. M.
Published: January 2016

In recent decades, one of the non‐standard tests that has been consolidated as a viable alternative in those cases where there is not sufficient material to carry out standard tests is the small punch test. This test basically consists of deforming a miniature specimen using a high strength punch. It is possible for this miniature specimen to have an initial pre‐notch with the aim of improving the fracture behavior estimation of the material analyzed. Recently, to characterize the fracture properties of polymer sheets under plane stress conditions, there has been an attempt to establish the feasibility of applying the essential work of fracture (EWF) method in polymer pre‐notched miniature specimens. This article intends to go one step beyond and focuses on the test rate, which is an important aspect in the EWF application. Its effect on the EWF parameters in polymer pre‐notched miniature specimens has been analyzed and its correlation has been established with the results obtained from standard specimens. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43314.
REQUIREMENT OF THE TEC FAMILY TYROSINE KINASE BTK29A FOR COURTSHIP MEMORY IN Drosophila MALES
Authors: Sunouchi Kazuya , Koganezawa Masayuki , Yamamoto Daisuke
Published: January 2016

A male Drosophila that is not successful in courtship will reduce his courtship efforts in the next encounter with a female. This courtship suppression persists for more than 1 h in wild‐type males. The Btk29AficP mutant males null for the Btk29A type 2 isoform, a fly homolog of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Btk, show no courtship suppression, while Btk29A hypomorphic males exhibit a rapid decline in courtship suppression, leading to its complete loss within 30 min. The males of a revertant stock or Btk29AficP males that are also mutant for parkas, a gene encoding the presumptive negative regulator of Btk29A, exhibit normal courtship suppression. Since another behavioral assay has shown that Btk29AficP mutants are sensitization‐defective, we hypothesize that the mutant flies are unable to maintain the neural excitation state acquired by experience, resulting in the rapid loss of courtship suppression.
An Iterative Algebraic Geometric Approach for Identification of Switched ARX Models with Noise
Authors: Nazari Sohail , Rashidi Bahador , Zhao Qing , Huang Biao
Published: January 2016

The algebraic geometric (AG) approach has been used to identify switched auto regressive exogenous (SARX) models in hybrid systems, and it has several advantages over other SARX identification methods. This paper is focused on improving the estimation accuracy of the AG approach for systems corrupted with indispensable noises. A stochastic hybrid decoupling polynomial (SHDP) is constructed by reformulating the hybrid decoupling polynomial (HDP) used in the original AG method. An iterative scheme is developed to estimate parameters of the SHDP, which are used to calculate the SARX model parameters. This estimation involves linear regression with multiplicative noises, therefore a novel approach is proposed to solve this regression problem. Then, the parameters are recovered from the SHDP. Finally, all these steps for SARX model identification are summarized in an algorithm called the iterative algebraic geometric (IAG) approach. Simulations and experimental validation results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of and the improvement made by the proposed IAG method.
Diskussionsbeitrag zur axialen Traglast von Wänden im Grenzzustand des Versinkens
Authors: Grabe Jürgen , Heins Evelyn
Published: January 2016

Das axiale Tragverhalten von Wänden bekommt insbesondere im Hafenbau infolge der höheren Containerkranbelastungen zunehmend Relevanz. Es handelt sich dabei um ein komplexes Tragverhalten infolge lateraler Belastung aus Erd‐ und Wasserdruck und axialer Belastung. In der konventionellen Bemessung wird das laterale Tragverhalten der Wand entkoppelt vom axialen Tragverhalten in zwei unabhängigen Grenzzuständen betrachtet. Im Grenzzustand des Versinkens der Wand ist von den auf die Wand wirkenden Spannungen aus Erd‐ und Wasserdruck im Gebrauchszustand auszugehen. Dabei ist zu bedenken, dass die Richtung der Wandreibungskraft von der Relativverschiebung der Wand gegenüber dem Boden abhängt und sich unabhängig vom Ansatz des Wandreibungswinkels in lateraler Richtung einstellen kann. Um das aufzuzeigen, wird das gekoppelte axiale und laterale Wandtragverhalten mittels der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode (FEM) an einem einfachen System beispielhaft untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass die mobilisierte Wandreibungskraft im Grenzfall des Versinkens der Wand infolge axialer Last nicht wie nach Empfehlungen des Arbeitskreises “Baugruben” (EAB) (2012) und Empfehlungen des Arbeitsausschusses “Ufereinfassungen” (EAU 2012) als Einwirkung, sondern als Widerstand wirkt, sofern die axialen Verschiebungen der Wand gegenüber dem Boden genügend groß sind und toleriert werden können.

Contribution for discussion concerning axial bearing capacity of walls

Due to the increasing load from container cranes the axial bearing capacity of walls is becoming more important especially in harbor constructions. A complex bearing behavior exists. This behavior consists of a wall bending due to lateral loading occurring from earth and water pressure as well as of axial loading. Conventionally, lateral and axial bearing behavior are considered in separate limit states. The stresses from earth and water pressure from the service limit state are applied during the limit state sinking of the wall. It needs to be noted that the wall friction angle is dependent on the relative displacement between the wall and the soil and is independent of the wall friction angle applied laterally. To prove this statement the coupled lateral and axial bearing behavior of the wall is investigated exemplarily for a simple system using the finite element method. The results show that the mobilized wall friction angle during the limit state sinking of the wall caused by an axial load should not be applied as a loading (as suggested in Recommendations on Excavations (EAB) (2012) and Recommendations of the Committee for Waterfront Structures Harbours and Waterways (EAU 2012)) but rather as a resistance. This only holds true if the axial displacement of the wall compared to the subsoil is big enough and if the displacement can be tolerated.
Der Tornado von Bützow in Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern – Ingenieuranalyse der Gebäudeschäden
Authors: Maiwald Holger , Schwarz Jochen
Published: January 2016

Am Abend des 5. Mai 2015 entwickelten sich in Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern mehrere Tornados. Durch einen dieser Tornados, der die Intensität F3 auf der Fujita‐Skala bzw. T6 auf der TORRO‐Skala erreicht hat, wurde fast jedes Gebäude in der historischen Altstadt von Bützow geschädigt.

Der Beitrag stellt die komplexe Einwirkungscharakteristik von Tornados auf Bauwerke sowie die gebräuchlichen Tornadoskalen vor und gibt einen Überblick über die vorgefundenen Bauwerksschäden im betroffenen Gebiet.

Die gewonnenen Erfahrungen lassen aus Ingenieursicht einen Forschungsbedarf hinsichtlich eines Bewertungssystems für die Schäden und die Verletzbarkeit der lokalen Bebauung gegenüber einer Tornadoeinwirkung erkennen.

The tornado of Bützow in Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern – engineering analysis of the building damage

Several tornadoes developed in Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern during the evening time of May 05, 2015. One of these tornadoes reached the intensity F3 on the Fujita‐scale or T6 on the TORRO‐scale and damaged nearly all buildings in the historic center of the town Bützow.

The paper presents the complex load characteristics of tornadoes to buildings as well as the common tornado scales and gives an overview of the structural damage in the affected area.

From an engineering point of view the gained experience shows a need for further research into an evaluation system for the damage and the vulnerability of the local building stock due to a tornado action.
Rapid determination of benzo[a]pyrene by membrane enrichment coupled with solid‐phase constant‐wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Wei , Zhang Feiyu , Li Hui , Cai Guimin , Li Bing , Qian Guangbei , Du Yiping
Published: January 2016

Normal methods for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) determination, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, involve expensive instruments and complex separation and purification processes. Based on membrane enrichment, coupled with solid‐phase constant‐wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectrometry, a simple, fast, sensitive method was proposed for the determination of BaP in water samples. A Nylon membrane was used as the solid‐phase extraction material for enrichment. After enrichment, a constant‐wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectrum was scanned directly on the membrane‐concentrated BaP without elution. Spectral measurement and enrichment conditions were optimized. Under optimum conditions, when using 150 mL sample solutions, the relationship between fluorescence intensity and BaP concentrations in the 0.05–10.00 μg L–1 range could be fitted by binomial function with an R2 value of 0.9973. Limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 0.0137 μg L–1. The volume of the sample solution was increased to 1000 mL to test if the method could be applied to determine lower BaP concentrations. A linear relationship still existed in the range 2.0–20.0 ng L–1 BaP with an R2 value of 0.9895, and a LOD of 2.4 ng L–1. The method was also used to measure the BaP concentration in several natural water samples, and recoveries were in the 90–110% range with relative standard deviations (RSDs) in the 0.58–7.93% range. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transitional care and paediatric surgery
Authors: Sampat K , Losty P D
Published: January 2016

Merits urgent attention
The Barrett‐associated variants at GDF7 and TBX5 also increase esophageal adenocarcinoma risk
Authors: Becker Jessica , May Andrea , Gerges Christian , Anders Mario , Schmidt Claudia , Veits Lothar , Noder Tania , Mayershofer Rupert , Kreuser Nicole , Manner Hendrik , Venerito Marino , Hofer Jan‐Hinnerk , Lyros Orestis , Ahlbrand Constantin J. , Arras Michael , Hofer Sebastian , Heinrichs Sophie K. M. , Weise Katharina , Hess Timo , Böhmer Anne C. , Kosiol Nils , Kiesslich Ralf , Izbicki Jakob R. , Hölscher Arnulf H. , Bollschweiler Elfriede , Malfertheiner Peter , Lang Hauke , Moehler Markus , Lorenz Dietmar , Ott Katja , Schmidt Thomas , Nöthen Markus M. , Hackelsberger Andreas , Schumacher Brigitte , Pech Oliver , Vashist Yogesh , Vieth Michael , Weismüller Josef , Knapp Michael , Neuhaus Horst , Rösch Thomas , Ell Christian , Gockel Ines , Schumacher Johannes
Published: January 2016

Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) represent two stages within the esophagitis‐metaplasia‐dysplasia‐adenocarcinoma sequence. Previously genetic risk factors have been identified that confer risk to BE and EAC development. However, to which extent the genetic variants confer risk to different stages of the BE/EAC sequence remains mainly unknown. In this study we analyzed three most recently identified BE variants at the genes GDF7 (rs3072), TBX5 (rs2701108), and ALDH1A2 (rs3784262) separately in BE and EAC samples in order to determine their risk effects during BE/EAC sequence. Our data show that rs3072 at GDF7 and rs2701108 at TBX5 are also associated with EAC and conclude that both loci confer disease risk also at later stages of the BE/EAC sequence. In contrast, rs3784262 at ALDH1A2 was highly significantly associated with BE, but showed no association with EAC. Our data do not provide evidence that the ALDH1A2 locus confers equal risk in early and late stages of BE/EAC sequence.
Leadership in law enforcement: Policing in times of increased scrutiny
Authors: Zacarese Lawrence M.
Published: January 2016

It's no secret. Policing today is one of the toughest and most scrutinized professions of any in the public sector. The advent of body‐worn cameras and the exponential increase of “citizen journalists,” armed with smartphones or other recording devices, have forever changed the public perception of what it means to enforce the law.
ASGPR‐Mediated Uptake of Multivalent Glycoconjugates for Drug Delivery in Hepatocytes
Authors: Monestier Marie , Charbonnier Peggy , Gateau Christelle , Cuillel Martine , Robert Faustine , Lebrun Colette , Mintz Elisabeth , Renaudet Olivier , Delangle Pascale
Published: January 2016

Liver cells are an essential target for drug delivery in many diseases. The hepatocytes express the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), which promotes specific uptake by means of N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) recognition. In this work, we designed two different chemical architectures to treat Wilson's disease by intracellular copper chelation. Two glycoconjugates functionalized with three or four GalNAc units each were shown to enter hepatic cells and chelate copper. Here, we studied two series of compounds derived from these glycoconjugates to find key parameters for the targeting of human hepatocytes. Efficient cellular uptake was demonstrated by flow cytometry using HepG2 human heptic cells that express the human oligomeric ASGPR. Dissociation constants in the nanomolar range showed efficient multivalent interactions with the receptor. Both architectures were therefore concluded to be able to compete with endogeneous asialoglycoproteins and serve as good vehicles for drug delivery in hepatocytes.
Quantum Mechanical and Experimental Validation that Cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) Forms a 1:1 Inclusion Complex with Tetrathiafulvalene
Authors: Hartlieb Karel J. , Liu Wei‐Guang , Fahrenbach Albert C. , Blackburn Anthea K. , Frasconi Marco , Hafezi Nema , Dey Sanjeev K. , Sarjeant Amy A. , Stern Charlotte L. , Goddard William A. , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: January 2016

The promiscuous encapsulation of π‐electron‐rich guests by the π‐electron‐deficient host, cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) (CBPQT4+), involves the formation of 1:1 inclusion complexes. One of the most intensely investigated charge‐transfer (CT) bands, assumed to result from inclusion of a guest molecule inside the cavity of CBPQT4+, is an emerald‐green band associated with the complexation of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and its derivatives. This interpretation was called into question recently in this journal based on theoretical gas‐phase calculations that reinterpreted this CT band in terms of an intermolecular side‐on interaction of TTF with one of the bipyridinium (BIPY2+) units of CBPQT4+, rather than the encapsulation of TTF inside the cavity of CBPQT4+. We carried out DFT calculations, including solvation, that reveal conclusively that the CT band emerging upon mixing TTF with CBPQT4+ arises from the formation of a 1:1 inclusion complex. In support of this conclusion, we have performed additional experiments on a [2]rotaxane in which a TTF unit, located in the middle of its short dumbbell, is prevented sterically from interacting with either one of the two BIPY2+ units of a CBPQT4+ ring residing on a separate [2]rotaxane in a side‐on fashion. This [2]rotaxane has similar UV/Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopic properties with those of 1:1 inclusion complexes of TTF and its derivatives with CBPQT4+. The [2]rotaxane exists as an equimolar mixture of cis‐ and trans‐isomers associated with the disubstituted TTF unit in its dumbbell component. Solid‐state structures were obtained for both isomers, validating the conclusion that the TTF unit, which gives rise to the CT band, resides inside CBPQT4+.
Intermetallic Competition in the Fragmentation of Trimetallic Au–Zn–Alkali Complexes
Authors: Lang Johannes , Cayir Merve , Walg Simon P. , Di Martino‐Fumo Patrick , Thiel Werner R. , Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon
Published: January 2016

Cationization is a valuable tool to enable mass spectrometric studies on neutral transition‐metal complexes (e.g., homogenous catalysts). However, knowledge of potential impacts on the molecular structure and catalytic reactivity induced by the cationization is indispensable to extract information about the neutral complex. In this study, we cationize a bimetallic complex [AuZnCl3] with alkali metal ions (M+) and investigate the charged adducts [AuZnCl3M]+ by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Infrared multiple photon dissociation (IR‐MPD) in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal a μ3 binding motif of all alkali ions to the three chlorido ligands. The cationization induces a reorientation of the organic backbone. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) studies reveal switches of fragmentation channels by the alkali ion and by the CID amplitude. The Li+ and Na+ adducts prefer the sole loss of ZnCl2, whereas the K+, Rb+, and Cs+ adducts preferably split off MCl2ZnCl. Calculated energetics along the fragmentation coordinate profiles allow us to interpret the experimental findings to a level of subtle details. The Zn2+ cation wins the competition for the nitrogen coordination sites against K+, Rb+, and Cs+ , but it loses against Li+ and Na+ in a remarkable deviation from a naive hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) concept. The computations indicate expulsion of MCl2ZnCl rather than of MCl and ZnCl2.
Copper Hydride Catalyzed Reductive Claisen Rearrangements
Authors: Wong Kong Ching , Ng Elvis , Wong Wing‐Tak , Chiu Pauline
Published: January 2016

An efficient reductive Claisen rearrangement, catalyzed by in situ generated copper hydride and stoichiometric in diethoxymethylsilane, has been developed. Yields of up to 95 % with good to excellent diastereoselectivities were observed in this reaction. Mechanistic studies showed that the stereospecific rearrangement proceeded via a chair transition state of (E)‐silyl ketene acetals as intermediates and not via the copper enolates.
Exact solution of heat transfer problem for generalized Newtonian flow between two infinite parallel plates
Authors: Kadyirov Aidar I. , Vachagina Ekaterina K. , Kaynova Anastasia A.
Published: January 2016

In this paper the exact solution of the heat transfer problem for generalized Newtonian flow between two infinite parallel plates is obtained by using the Fourier method and taking into account the viscous dissipation of the fluid. The original variable is proposed to expand the required function into a power series. The universal law is considered to describe a generalized Newtonian fluid. For example, an analytical solution is used to investigate the heat transfer problem for the flow of a rubber compound based on the synthetic isoprene rubber‐3.