bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Differential Effects of Known and Mystery Rewards in a Preschool-Based Group Contingency
Authors: Pokorski Elizabeth A. , Barton Erin E. , Ledford Jennifer R.
Published: May 2019

Group contingencies have been used successfully to modify a variety of behaviors for children with diverse characteristics across multiple settings. However, these interventions have not been applied to increase social interactions (SI) between typically developing children and those with multiple or severe disabilities (MSD). Furthermore, little research has been conducted to examine whether differential outcomes are associated with the type of reward used (known or mystery). The purpose of this study was to examine the differential effects of known versus mystery rewards on the SI of preschool children with and without MSD within an independent group contingency. The findings indicated that although there were no differences in levels of SI between reward types, both were superior to the baseline condition and were viewed as socially valid by classroom teachers and naive raters. In addition, this study was conducted with high methodological quality exceeding that of previous group contingency research conducted in preschool settings and of other studies examining the differential effects of known and mystery rewards. The results provide meaningful information regarding practices that support children with MSD and add to the group contingency literature.
Assessing Individual Differences in the Affective Experience of Dreams: The Jena Dream Inventory–Affect Scales (JeDI-A)
Authors: Hagemeyer Birk , Salomo Sarah , Engelhardt Cordelia , Neyer Franz J. , Rupprecht Sven
Published: May 2019

The study reports on the validation of a new instrument for the assessment of emotional experiences in dreams. The Jena Dream Inventory–Affect (JeDI-A) contains 21 items and 3 scales, positive dream affect, negative dream affect, and dream intensity, providing a differentiated yet economic assessment of dream affect. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in a sample of university students ( N = 426) and a clinical sample of patients with sleep disorders ( N = 149) supported factorial validity and measurement invariance, high temporal stability (over 1 year and 9 months in the students and patients, respectively), convergent and discriminant validity regarding established measures of dream affect and the Big Five, and criterion validity regarding subjective well-being. Cross-lagged panel models showed reciprocal longitudinal effects between dream affect and waking affect. We conclude that the JeDI-A is a valid instrument for differentiated investigations of individual differences in dream affect in clinical and nonclinical populations.
The Right to Envision the City? The Emerging Vision Conflicts in Redeveloping Historic Nanjing, China
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Lili , Waley Paul
Published: May 2019

This article presents a new trend in urban politics in China, that is, the intertwined conflicts of three competing visions—entrepreneurial redevelopment, historic conservation, and community conservation—in the redevelopment of historic areas. Through an in-depth case study of the struggles around the redevelopment of historic Nanjing, we outline three key points. First, historic conservation has emerged as a strong urban vision competing against entrepreneurial redevelopment in historic districts, since the early 2000s. Second, local residents have tactically employed the discourse of historic conservation to negotiate their own visions of community conservation, yet these have largely failed since the major concern of the elite vision of historic conservation is the preservation of material structures rather than communities living in them. Third, and in conclusion, this article calls for a more inclusive vision of historic community conservation and more attention to the “envisioning” right of ordinary residents in Chinese urban politics.
Application of high hydrostatic pressure for the inactivation of norovirus and quality stability in fresh sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi)
Authors: Park Shin Young , Jung Yeoun Joong , Kwon Ji Young , Kim Seh Eun , Jeong Myeong-In , Ha Sang-Do
Published: May 2019

Sea squirt ( Halocynthia roretzi) is considered a potential cause of human norovirus in Korea. This study investigated the effect of high hydrostatic pressure at 100–500 MPa for 5 min at room temperature (23 ± 2 ℃) on the inactivation of murine norovirus-1 (initial inoculum of 6–7 log10 plaque forming units/ml) as a human norovirus surrogate in fresh sea squirt. The effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the Hunter colors and pH were also examined as the main indices of quality. No reductions in murine norovirus-1 titers were observed in sea squirt treated at 100–400 MPa. However, murine norovirus-1 in sea squirt was completely inactivated by 500 MPa of high hydrostatic pressure. Furthermore, the Hunter colors (“L,” “a,” and “b”) and pH values (6.10–6.19) were not significantly ( P > 0.05) different between non-high hydrostatic pressure-treated sea squirts and all high hydrostatic pressure-treated sea squirts. Therefore, 500 MPa of high hydrostatic pressure at room temperature may be an optimal treatment for Tunicata meat without altering the food quality (color and pH).
Water Supply and Sanitation in a Green Economy Society: The Case of Finland
Authors: Laitinen Jyrki , Antikainen Riina , Hukka Jarmo J. , Katko Tapio S.
Published: May 2019

A green economy specifically considers the welfare of the environment and is closely aligned with sustainable development—in both, the use of natural resources should be less than their natural production. In this article, the concept of a green economy is discussed from the viewpoint of water services, a crucial part of a sustainable society, with the objective of enhancing knowledge about sustainable and resilient water services that will meet society’s future demands. Drawing from a literature review and a stakeholder workshop attended by 68 experts, it seeks to answer three research questions: (a) What are appropriate and sustainable urban water supply and sanitation policies for a society that is adopting the basic principles of a green economy? (b) What should be the role of water supply and sanitation in a green and circular economy and what are the current challenges to meeting this objective? and (c) What actions are needed in the Finnish water and sanitation services (WSS) sector to effectively meet the requirements of a green and circular economy? The results are applied to the specific case of Finland, and recommendations and conclusions for the Finnish society and its water services are presented.
Dedifferentiation in SDH-Deficient Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Report With Histologic, Immunophenotypic, and Molecular Characterization
Authors: Malik Faizan , Santiago Teresa , Bahrami Armita , Davis Eric , McCarville Beth , Newman Scott , Azzato Elizabeth M , Davidoff Andrew M , Brennan Rachel , Ellison David W , Clay Michael R
Published: May 2019

One-third of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) that lack KIT or PDGFRA mutations show succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) mutations or promoter hypermethylation. Most SDH-deficient GISTs occur in the pediatric, adolescent, or young adult setting and have unique features including predilection for the stomach, multinodular plexiform architecture, epithelioid cytology, prominence of lymphovascular invasion, and predilection for nodal metastasis. Dedifferentiation in GIST is a rare histologic change which may occur de novo or secondary to imatinib therapy and is characterized by abrupt transition of well-differentiated (WD) GIST to a subclonal anaplastic process that shows loss of immunohistochemical marks (CD117, DOG1). We describe the case of a previously healthy 18-year-old man who presented with a large gastric wall mass that contained 2 distinct morphologic populations. The first was WD and characterized by sweeping fascicles of bland spindled cells. This population abruptly transitioned to dedifferentiated (DD) foci composed of large sheets of discohesive cells that displayed a spectrum of rhabdoid and epithelioid morphologies with marked pleomorphism and mitotic activity. Immunohistochemically, the tumor showed variable staining in the 2 components with diffuse DOG-1 and CD117 positivity in the WD component and complete absence in the DD foci. SDH-B staining was lost in both components. Whole exome and transcriptome analysis was performed on tissue from both components and both showed an SDHB mutation (c.286G>A) as well as unique mutational burden and copy number profiles. Herein, we describe the first case of a DD SDH-deficient GIST with morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular characterization.
Co-scheduling HPC workloads on cache-partitioned CMP platforms
Authors: Aupy Guillaume , Benoit Anne , Goglin Brice , Pottier Loïc , Robert Yves
Published: May 2019

With the recent advent of many-core architectures such as chip multiprocessors (CMPs), the number of processing units accessing a global shared memory is constantly increasing. Co-scheduling techniques are used to improve application throughput on such architectures, but sharing resources often generates critical interferences. In this article, we focus on the interferences in the last level of cache (LLC) and use the Cache Allocation Technology (CAT) recently provided by Intel to partition the LLC and give each co-scheduled application their own cache area. We consider m iterative HPC applications running concurrently and answer to the following questions: (i) How to precisely model the behavior of these applications on the cache-partitioned platform? and (ii) how many cores and cache fractions should be assigned to each application to maximize the platform efficiency? Here, platform efficiency is defined as maximizing the performance either globally, or as guaranteeing a fixed ratio of iterations per second for each application. Through extensive experiments using CAT, we demonstrate the impact of cache partitioning when multiple HPC applications are co-scheduled onto CMP platforms.
The Song Is Still a ‘Weapon’: The Portuguese Identity in Times of Crises
Authors: Guerra Paula
Published: May 2019

This article examines a set of Portuguese songs that ‘sing’ the economic, financial and social crises in Portugal in the post-2008 period. This work underlies a heuristic principle: to demonstrate how artistic manifestations—in this case, the songs in several (sub-)genres of popular music—are themselves a means and an object of social intervention, demarcating a specific, defined space in the acknowledgment and revelation of social problems, and in the contestation, deconstruction and accusation of problems that deal with social reality. We demonstrate that these songs seek to denounce and sometimes incite social change with the aim of creating transformation. They are therefore signs of a specific space—identity producers—and not just an echo of social reality. Insurgent songs instigate readings, narratives and deconstructions of reality, and they are simultaneously significant elements of a collective identity.
Efficacy and safety of the ab interno gelatin stent in severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma compared to non-pseudoexfoliation glaucoma at 6 months
Authors: Dar Nimrod , Sharon Tal , Hecht Idan , Kalev-Landoy Maya , Burgansky-Eliash Zvia
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

To compare the efficacy and safety of the XEN45 Gel Stent surgery between patients with and without severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

Methods:

In this retrospective, single-center, comparative chart review, records of 24 eyes of 23 patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and 24 eyes of 23 patients with non-pseudoexfoliation glaucoma with severe glaucoma, defined as uncontrolled intraocular pressure on maximally tolerated medical therapy, were reviewed. All patients were treated with XEN45 Gel Stent surgery, in either a standalone procedure (84.8%) or combined with phacoemulsification (15.2%). Mean intraocular pressure, mean number of intraocular pressure-lowering medications, change in best-corrected visual acuity and needling or rescue surgery rates were assessed. Success was defined as at least 20% decrease in baseline intraocular pressure among treatment-free patients.

Results:

Patient characteristics were similar between the groups. At 6 months, intraocular pressure in the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma group decreased by 32% (24.3 ± 9 mmHg–14.8 ± 7 mmHg, p < 0.001), with comparable decrease in intraocular pressure in the non-pseudoexfoliation glaucoma group (22.6 ± 7 mmHg–16.7 ± 6 mmHg, p = 0.011). Similar rates of patients required topical anti-glaucoma therapy (29% vs 22%, p = 0.559), needling (54% vs 37%, p = 0.247), and rescue trabeculectomy (13% in both, p = 1.00) at the last follow-up. However, intraocular pressure decreased more in the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma group among treatment-free patients (–10.1 ± 8.0 mmHg vs −4.1 ± 8.1 mmHg, p = 0.043), and final intraocular pressure was lower in the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma group (12.2 ± 3.5 mmHg vs 15.8 ± 5.7 mmHg, p = 0.044).

Conclusions:

The XEN45 Gel Stent implant demonstrated similar efficacy and safety among severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and non-pseudoexfoliation glaucoma patients. Greater magnitude of decreased intraocular pressure occurred among treatment-free pseudoexfoliation glaucoma patients.
Ocular manifestations of intermediate cystinosis: To treat or not to treat?
Authors: Sousa-Neves Filipe , Ribeiro Ana Clara , Saraiva Eduardo , Ribeiro Lígia , Sequeira Joaquim , Varandas Rosário
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

To report a case of intermediate cystinosis with an atypical presentation in which a delayed non-treatment decision has been proved right over a large period of time.

Methods:

This is a unique case report of a patient who underwent full ophthalmologic evaluations including anterior chamber optical coherence tomography on a regular basis during a 7-year follow-up period.

Results:

A 30-year-old woman with photophobia was being studied by the Department of Nephrology with a suspicion of Alport syndrome. Slit-lamp examination showed iridescent deposits throughout the corneal anterior stroma and the inferior tarsal conjunctiva bilaterally. Anterior chamber optical coherence tomography showed stromal hyperreflectivity. CTNS gene was found to be positive for c.416C>T (Ser139Phe) mutation. The patient was offered oral and topical cysteamine which was refused. After a period of 5 years of follow-up, general health status remained stable, corneal disease showed no progression and photophobia complaints diminished. However, the patient was advised to start systemic and topical cysteamine because of the unknown development of the disease.

Conclusion:

In this reported case, a delayed non-treatment decision has been proved right contrary to published evidence of active treatment of photophobia. The decision whether to treat or not to treat corneal involvement of the disease is not straightforward. Besides biomicroscopic evaluations, patients’ complaints and expectations should be taken into account.
Exchange Arthroplasty Best for Infected Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Thomas D.J. , Bannister G.
Published: May 2019

Thirty-seven patients with infected total hip replacements, treated by either exchange hip replacement with antibiotic loaded acrylic cement, or excision arthroplasty, were assessed after an average of five years. Recurrence of infection was comparable in both groups but exchange arthoplasty gave superior functional results. The success of exchange arthroplasty in the hands of general orthopaedic surgeons was similar to that of tertiary referral centres specialising in hip surgery. When technically possible, exchange seems to be preferable to excision arthroplasty in infected hip replacement.
Cementless Revision Operations of Loosened Cemented Hip Arthroplasties: Ten Years Experience
Authors: Weinhart R. , Bucholz Th. , Rinderle P. , Parhofer R.
Published: May 2019

We report on ten years’ experience with cementless hiparthroplasty in revision-operations of loosened cemented hiparthroplasties. In about 25 percent of cases admitted to our hospital, patients had been previously operated on more than once, and nearly 9 percent had a bacteriologically proven infection. The reconstruction of acetabulum and femur for implantation of a cementless prosthesis is performed by means of homologous bonegraft stored in a bonebank. The bone is stored at -70 to -80 °C. A condition of an adequate ingrowth to both autologous or homologous bonegraft is that the implant is resting well in its bedding. With the aid of examples the results of the above technique are shown. Since April 1987 the stem is coated with Titanium powder in the proximal part. Since 1987 several methods have been utilized to minimize homologous blood transfusions (i.e. plasmapheresis, preoperative haemodilution; intra- and postoperative cell-saving).
Computerized Evaluation of the Articular Loads on the Normal Dynamic Human Hip: A Study of Biomechanics
Authors: Surace A. , Previtera A.M. , Micale C. , Mineo G.
Published: May 2019

Since the beginning of this century hip biomechanics has been widely studied. This subject is of great interest to the orthopaedic surgeon, especially regarding dismorphic and degenerative pathology, and trauma. Biomechanical evaluation is one of the key points in the setting-up of various surgical methodologies (osteotomies, arthroplasties, osteosyntheses, etc). Calculations referring to this subject are complex and almost impossible to do manually, as so hip operations orthopaedics base themselves on theoretical notions, empirically applied to individual cases and to personal experience. To obviate such inconveniences a computerized procedure has been realized to effect a biomechanical evaluation of the hip for each single subject. The Authors describe their own computerized procedure for a biomechanical analysis of normal hip.
Cementless Hip Arthroplasty in Primary Procedures: Ten Year Experience
Authors: Rinderle P. , Weinhart R. , Buchholz Th. , Parhofer R.
Published: May 2019

The Authors report on 10 years of experience with cementless PM-HipArthroplasty in primary procedures, 1500 prostheses of this type having been implanted during the past decade. Our report is limited to the prosthesis design and operative technique as well as to the indications for implanting a cementless hip arthroplasty. The major problem of cementless hiparthroplasty is located in the shaft and causes of possible failures are presented and discussed. In patients with clinical symptoms characteristic radiological changes are almost always present. It is clear that particularly in cementless hip arthroplasty, the precise operative technique is of paramount importance.
Reconstructive Hip Prosthesis Surrounded by Allografts
Authors: Poitout D. , Gaujoux G. , O'Zoux P. , Filippi C.L. , Lempidakis M.
Published: May 2019

Autologous grafts, unlike allogenic grafts, have an important osteogenic potential. But, as the procurement volume is limited, they do not permit bone or joint reconstruction where there has been partial or total resection as a result of either a bone tumor or post-traumatic lack of substance. For this reason, we have elected since 1976 to use fresh allogenic bone grafts and since 1981 deep-frozen allogenic grafts to rebuild the skeleton (421 cases, 1976-1990). Deep-freezing alone allows the preservation of even large bone pieces in satisfactory conditions of sterilization. This type of preservation keeps the bone architecture in an optimal biological and biomechanical state. With the bone cells destroyed and the bone being recolonized by the host's own cells, there is no immunological risk of inadequate blood and leukocyte compatibility between donor and recipient. If the bone is to be totally or partially integrated by the skeleton within a few years, the functional value of the cartilaginous surfaces can be altered after a massive osteocartilaginous graft. At the hip therefore we prefer to use a massive prosthesis surrounded by allografts.

Reconstructive hip prosthesis surrounded by deep-frozen preserved bone has several advantages: easy fixation of the muscles on the graft; close tightening of the muscles; increasing of the bone mass; rapid loading.

Since 1983, 103 hips have been rebuilt with cortico-spongious allografts (femoral heads, total hemipelvis or acetabulum) associated with total hip prosthesis. To reconstruct the upper part of the femur we used a mega hip prosthesis surrounded by allograft. The reconstructive mega hip prosthesis has to have the inner shape of the femur with its two sagittal curves to permit cement less fixation at the upper part of the prosthesis which is placed into the allograft and cemented fixation of the lower part of the stem which is fixed into the receiver bone.

When great precautions are taken during surgical procurement and grafting (sterility, stability, and appropriate muscular surrounding) the long-term results are excellent in 80% of cases.
Aggressive Granulomatosis Lesions after Hip Arthroplasty. Revision Arthroplasty with Bias Total Hip System (5 Cases)
Authors: Ulivi M. , Germani M. M. , Motavalli K. , Benigni G.A. , Ottaviani C.
Published: May 2019

Researchers have shown few cases of aggressive granulomatosis appeared after the hip cemented arthroplasty. The histopathologic aspects of this disease have been considered, distinguishing it from the most common aseptic cemented arthroplasty. In conclusion, the use of a non-cemented titanium arthroplasty for the surgical treatment of these cases has proved efficient.
New Treatment of Idiopathic Necrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Marchetti N. , Faldini A. , Barbieri E. , Scaglione M. , Punzi G.
Published: May 2019

The etiology of idiopathic necrosis of the femoral head is surveyed from the literature and anew surgical treatment is proposed. This treatment aims to create a new blood flow in the necrotic area. The necrotic area, which lies between normal bone tissue and non-vascularized tissue, is broken by means of percutaneous nails.

In this paper, treatment strategies are discussed, as well as failures and surgical mistakes. The results obtained with this techniques seem to confirm the theorectical assumptions.
Therapeutic Considerations on Spastic Hip Treatment in Children
Authors: Motta F. , Selva G.
Published: May 2019

The most recent international literature concerning the natural evolution of the hip in pediatric cerebral palsy has been reviewed by the Authors. Therefore a description of the surgical protocol used by them and other Authors for the prevention and treatment of hip luxation has been performed.

From the clinical data, a high incidence of subluxation in cerebral palsy has been pointed out. The importance of orthopaedic screening for this pathology has been underlined.
Isoelastic Cementless Total Hip Replacement in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Long-Term Results
Authors: Fusco U. , Capelli R. , Avai A. , Gerundini M. , Colombini L. , Redford W.
Published: May 2019

Between 1980 and 1987 we have implanted 46 isoelastic cementless THR in 40 patients affected with rheumatoid arthritis. We have reviewed 38 hips clinically and by X-ray. The mean follow-up was 8,5 years. Harris hip scores ranged from 30.6 preoperatively to 73,4 post-operatively when reviewed. While on the other hand Merle D'Aubigné hip scores ranged from 7,06 pre-operatively to 15,59 post-operatively. All patients have been satisfied, and X-rays showed an improvement for both Charnely and Gruen X-ray score.
Greater Trochanteric Transfer in Children
Authors: Guarniero R. , Bunnell W.P. , Macewen G.D.
Published: May 2019

Fifteen patients who were treated at the Alfred I. DuPont Institute with greater trochanter overgrowth were reviewed to investigate the results of a surgical procedure for greater trochanteric transfer. The aim of the paper is to present the clinical findings, X-Ray evaluation, pre and post-operative measurements based on pain, limp, Trendelemburg sign, hip abduction power and hip joint motion. The surgical procedure itself is relatively easy to perform and does not often result in complications. The greater trochanteric transfer is indicated for older children (about ten years of age) and can offer good results in patients who require elongation of the lever arm in hip abductor muscles.
Ultrasonographic Screening of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Ravasi F , Sansone V. , Gifuni P.
Published: May 2019

The incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after total hip replacement is estimated to be up to 45%. Venography is widely accepted as the gold standard procedure for diagnosis of DVT. With the purpose of detecting the presence of DVT in asymptomatic patients operated on for primary hip replacement, we adopted Real-time B-Mode ultrasonography in order to evaluate its specificity and sensitivity in 68 patients. A venography was performed in all the cases in order to obtain a gold standard to compare with sonography. Sensitivity and specificity of sonography for femoral thrombosis were 71.4% and 97.6% respectively. Ultrasounds were not able to detect thrombosis of the calf veins but the risk of an evolution to worse pulmonary embolism is quite insignificant at this level. We suggest the use of B-mode ultrasonography for DVT screening of lower limbs in all the patients undergoing total hip replacement.
The Use of Image Intensification as an Aid to Femoral Cement Extraction in Revision Hip Surgery
Authors: Jones R. Spencer , Issa F.M.
Published: May 2019

Revision hip surgery for a loose or infected prosthesis is becoming more common as increasing numbers of total hip replacement are performed each year. The use of the image intensifier to aid in the removal of the femoral cement is described, and the results of eighteen cases perfomed in this fashion reported.
Dysplasia Epiphysealis Capitis Femoris: Two Long-Term Observations
Authors: Moretti B. , Patella V. , Mastrorillo G. , Pesce V. , Bianco G.LO , Simone C.
Published: May 2019

Two patients with Meyer's dysplasia epiphysealis capitis femoris were followed, and the clinical and radiological findings are described. The importance of early diagnosis is underlined, and of differentiating Meyer's disease from Perthes disease, particularly in children under the age of four years, who present no true clinical signs. The utility of monitoring ossification of the femoral head is illustrated.
Chiari Osteotomy of the Pelvis for Residual Hip Dysplasia in Adults
Authors: Innocenti M. , Capone A. , Passalacqua R. , Scoccianti G.
Published: May 2019

The treatment of residual hip dysplasia can be carried out using different methods which range from T.H.R. to the various kinds of osteotomy. Among these, Chiari osteotomy still holds a prominent position, although new techniques have decreased its indication. Following the results of 13 years’ experience with this procedure, the Authors confirm that Chiari osteotomy permits the reduction of the acetabular inclination and a wider articular coverage of the femoral head on all planes. Nowadays, this long experience together with an accurate knowledge of the biomechanical effects of the procedure should be able to guide the orthopaedic surgeon, with adequate accuracy, to the choice and the indications of this complex but effective procedure.
The Relationship between Femoral Morphotype and Femoral Component Design
Authors: Mineo G. , Previtera A.M. , De Giovanni G. , Surace M.
Published: May 2019

The shape of the femoral canal is variable, much more so than most contemporary designs of femoral components would suggest or can accommodate. In the face of this variability, line-to-line or surface-to-surface contact is not expected between the cementless implant and much of the endosteal surface. It is also apparent that changes in implant design are still needed if the normal biomechanics of the hip joint are to be restored in each patient and if component fixation is to be optimized. Most cementless components aim to achieve proximal load transfer to the femoral canal. However, increasing clinical evidence suggests that distal filling of the femur is also necessary to minimize the incidence of postoperative symptoms, particularly in revision procedures. If this is indeed the case, more accommodating designs of femoral components are needed that will permit proximal and distal fitting at the femoral canal so that stable fixation may be achieved regardless of variations in bone geometry.
Chondromalacia Coxae
Authors: Norman-Taylor F.H. , Mannion S.J. , Villar R.N.
Published: May 2019

A new arthroscopic finding of chondromalacia of the femoral head is reported in five patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for undiagnosed hip pain. The term chondromalacia coxae is used to describe the condition, and its similarity to chondromalacia patellae is discussed.
Groin Pain from Cement Extrusion in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Gray A.J.R. , Meggitt B. F.
Published: May 2019

Bone cement pressurisation is considered to be an advance in bone microlock fixation of the acetabular and femoral components of total hip arthroplasty. We have identified a previously unreported complication of this technique in which the pressurised cement extruded through an anterior pubic anchor drill hole giving early and persistent anterior groin pain. This paper reports on the condition, its incidence and treatment in four cases.
Hypercoagulability after Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Mcnally M. A. , Kyle A. , Macdonald W.R.G. , Mayne E. , Mollan R.A.B.
Published: May 2019

Changes in blood coagulation are believed to be involved in the aetiology of postoperative thromboembolism. Antithrombin III (AT III) is the most important natural inhibitor of thrombin activation and hence thrombogenesis. This study investigated the nature of a hypercoagulable state in total hip replacement by measurement of AT III in the perioperative period, giving a quantitative assessment of coagulation.

Antithrombin III levels fell in all patients after surgery. However, the degree of the fall and the timing of the fall were variable. Eight percent of patients had abnormally low AT III prior to operation, indicating that this proportion of our patients are in a procoagulant state even before surgery. One third of patients had a clinically significant reduction (below 70% of normal) in AT III level after surgery. In this group the fall in AT III was maximal at 2 hours after division of the femoral neck. Careful correction for haemodilution provided new evidence for active consumption of antithrombin III in the perioperative period.

By 24 hours after surgery the level of AT III was not significantly different from preoperative levels (p>0.7), even in the group with a clinically important reduction. These findings support only a transient period of hypercoagulability after total hip replacement. The “at-risk” period of venous thrombosis has been shown to be at least several weeks after surgery and the transient nature of the fall in AT III suggests that venous thrombosis is unlikely to be due to hypercoagulability alone.
Five Year Results of 113 Bipolar, Cementless “Bateman” Hip Replacements for Degenerative Hip Disease
Authors: Robinson A.H.N. , Ayllon-Garcia A. , Hallett J.P.
Published: May 2019

113 Bateman UPF II arthroplasties with a straight, non-cemented, nonfenestrated, Moore type stem were used in 106 patients with degenerative hip disease. The patients were followed for a mean of 5 years and 8 months (range 48-102 months). 20 patients had died. There were therefore 93 hips available for review. Of these 91 were contacted. Of the 91 hips, 15 had been revised for stem loosening, and 6 more had gross radiological evidence of stem loosening in the absence of symptoms.

In contrast to the stem failures, the bipolar acetabular component of this prosthesis gave no clinical problems. Radiologically there were 5 patients who showed evidence of acetabular migration, but in all of these cases the migration was 4 millimetres or less.
Chiari's Pelvic Osteotomy in the Adult. A Long Term Clinical, Radiological and Statistical Evaluation
Authors: Benazzo F. , Pedrotti L. , Giorgi L. , Mora R. , Ceciliani L.
Published: May 2019

Chiari's pelvic osteotomy, conceived for the surgical correction of congenital dysplasia of the hip, is indicated by some authors for juvenile patients (16 years of age: Graham et al (7); 18 years of age: Hogh and Macnicol (9); 19.8 years of age: Calvert et al (1), while others do not identify any age limit (2, 11). Retrospectively reviewing a series of adult patients, we tried to determine the optimum age range of Chiari's osteotomy, and to evaluate the relative importance of surgical and radiological parameters of the results.

We reviewed 74 patients, mean age 38.5 years, for a total number of 80 operations; 72.6% were aged between 31 and 60 years. The follow-up interval ranged from 1.8 to 15 years - mean 6.6, 180 months -. The results, based on a mathematical evaluation of pain, walking, joint mobility, limping and Trendelenburg's sign, were: 31 excellent (38.8%), 25 good (31.3%), 18 fair (22.5%), and 6 poor (7.5%). The best results were numerically concentrated in the 41-50 age group, in terms of percentages, we found a constant decrease of the good results in the different decades. Pain was absent in 61 of 80 cases.

Clinical and radiological data, plus the statistical correlation of the different data (17 parameters), showed that Chiari's osteotomy is valid for the treatment of CDH even in older patients, although the best results are obtained in the 21-50 age group.
Treatment of the Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty with a Temporary Gentamicin Spacer
Authors: Møller L.P , Solgaard S. , Petersen M.B. , Retpen J.B.
Published: May 2019

We report a series of 11 two-stage exchange arthroplasties for infected hip prostheses. The intermediate period was managed by using a gentamicin loaded cement spacer. At follow-up after 18-33 months, there was one recurrent infection. The spacer provides greater patient comfort and mobility, and may deliver high levels of antibiotics into the perioprosthetic tissue. The second stage of revision has been simplified and there have been no serious complications.
Micromotion at the Bone-Stem Interface during the Gait Cycle after Cementless Total Hip Replacement: Influence of Stem Design and Loading Level
Authors: Ramaniraka N.A. , Leyvraz P.F. , Rakotomanana L.R. , Rubin P.J. , Zysset P.K.
Published: May 2019

The micromotion distribution of a cementless stem relative to femoral bone and the stress transfer were calculated with a three dimensional model including bone non-homogeneity, anisotropy and discontinuity of the bone-implant interface. Two implant designs (anatomical, straight) were investigated to point out the geometry effects. Micromotion distributions were calculated over the entire interface during a complete gait cycle taking into account the hip musculature forces. Different loading levels (from 20% to 100% of total load) were stimulated. For the two implants, peak values of distractive and shear micromotions were maximal at the Single Limb Stance phase. The implant geometry had no sensible effects on distractive micromotion magnitude. Conversely, the implant design had noticeable influences on shear micromotions. Regarding the effects of loading levels, at 20% of the full load, interface shear micromotions were lower than 30μm over the entire interface allowing bony ingrowth and expected to ensure initial stability for both implants. At 40%, shear micromotions exceeding 30μm appeared and were located differently according to the stem design.
Intertrochanteric Femoral Fractures: Optimal Screw Position and Bone Density Determined by Computer Tomography
Authors: Levi N. , Ingles A. , Klyver H. , Iversen B.F.
Published: May 2019

The bone density of five proximal femora from female cadavers was measured with computer tomography using a pixel size of 1.2 mm. A three-dimensional reconstruction was performed along 4 axes. The region of maximum relative bone density correlated well with previous reports of an optimal position for the screw when treating an intertrochanteric femoral fracture.
Cementless Revision for Failed Cemented total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Hussell J.G. , Smith E.J. , Learmonth I.D.
Published: May 2019

Sixty-two consecutive revision hip arthroplasties were carried out in 57 patients between 1986 and 1990 using the long stem Porous Coated Anatomic (PCA) prosthesis. Fifty-two hips were available for clinical and radiological review. The remainder had either died or were lost to follow-up. The average follow-up was 4.8 years (range 3-7.8 years) and the mean age was 56 years (range 25-77 years).

Using the Harris Hip Score, 38/53 (73%) were regarded as good/excellent, 6/52 (11.5%) as fair and 8/52 (15.5%) as poor. The incidence of femoral component subsidence (31/52 - 60%) was a cause of concern, and accounted for two cases of late dislocation. Of the remaining six hips regarded as failures, two had been revised for acetabular graft resorption and migration of the cup while four had moderate persistent pain despite fair hip function. The authors are unable to recommend the long stem PCA prosthesis for routine use in revision hip arthroplasty.
Pyomyositis in Babies Presenting with Painful Hip: Clinical and Radiographic Course of Two Cases
Authors: Pazzaglia U.E. , Binda S. , Zatti G. , Sessa V.
Published: May 2019

Two cases of pyomyositis in babies, one in the ilio-psoas muscle, the other in the quadriceps, are reported. The presenting sign was a painful hip in both, suggesting osteomyelitis of the proximal femur or arthritis. Pyomyositis is unusual in western countries and in healthy, well-nourished children, but these cases suggest considering this pathology in the differential diagnosis of a painful hip in babies.

In the first case an upper respiratory tract infection was followed by haematogenous spread to the ilio-psoas muscle; in the second an injection of vaccine in the quadriceps played a determinant role. The latter case was complicated by secondary osteomyelitis; a metaphyseal radiolucent band just below the growth plate appeared in the early stage together with metaphyseal osteopenia and was interpreted as a consequence of altered blood flow in the metaphysis, not specific osteomyelitis, but indicative of some disturbance of the growth plate-metaphyseal complex.
Outcome of Primary total Hip Replacement in Patients Less than 50 Years Old
Authors: Masbah O. , Hughes S.P.F.
Published: May 2019

We reviewed 33 primary total hip replacements in 24 patients younger than 50 years old. The mean age was 39.5 years and the follow-up averaged 6.1 years. There were 15 men and 9 women. Twenty-five hip replacements were cemented and 8 were uncemented. The most common hip pathology was osteonecrosis of the femoral head (36%), followed by rheumatoid arthritis (27%) and osteoarthritis (21%). Good pain relief was obtained in 70% of hips. Thigh pain developed in 2 uncemented hips and another had increasing hip pain. Function was good in 64% and 67% had good hip mobility. The best results were obtained in osteonecrosis of the femoral head, followed by osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The commonest indication for revision was loosening of the acetabular component. Survival analysis of the 25 cemented hips showed a failure of 35% at 6 years and 9.1% at 8 years. Total hip replacement in young patients provides good pain relief and function although there is a limited time expectancy for good results.
Computerized Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Treatment of Congenital Luxation of the Hip
Authors: Lazovic D. , Franke J. , Wirth C.J.
Published: May 2019

In treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip, a main aim is to achieve concentricity of reduction. Control by plain x-ray lacks accuracy in determining anteroposterior position.

Arthrography and sonography cannot be used when a spica cast is in place. After April 1988, therefore, as an alternative in 16 hips, we have used computed tomography to determine femoral head position, acetabular angle, and extent and integrity of posterior rim. However, the presence of any metallic artefacts, unossified cartilage and the general poor-quality imaging of soft tissue associated with the technique reduce its usefulness. Since January 1990, we have instead used magnetic resonance imaging to control treatment. This technique, in 34 hips, proved accurate in determinating the femoral head position. MRI also gave better images than computed tomography of osseous and cartilaginous structures of the acetabulum and the surrounding soft tissue. Spica casting does not affect the quality of imaging. The effect of metal artefacts can be minimized by using, where necessary, implants of titanium alloy.
How to Correct Increased Anteversion of the Femoral Neck during THR
Authors: Morscher E.
Published: May 2019

In the great majority of the cases the “Anteversion Angle” (AVA) is in the normal range (10-20°) and on insertion the femoral stem follows automatically the direction of the femoral neck. There are basically 5 means of correcting an increased AVA: 1) The smaller the diameter of the endoprosthetic stem and the more its cross-section is circular the easier it is to modify the rotational position. 2) The lower the resection of the femoral neck the greater the freedom of correction of the anteversion. 3) A custom-made femoral endoprosthesis. 4) A non-cemented endoprosthesis with a stem circular in cross section - such as the conical stem of Wagner - can easily be positioned in a great variety of rotational positions. 5) To correct an AVA of the femur of more than 45 degrees an inter- or sub-trochanteric derotational osteotomy of the femur is indicated. With this not only is the AVA corrected but also the greater trochanter is brought from its posterior position to a more lateral one and the functional lever arm of the abductors is lengthened. To stabilize the osteotomy the use of a femoral endo-prosthesis with a non-cemented stem which is stable in rotation all along its length is recommended.
Fractures of the Femoral Head
Authors: Traina G.C. , Massari L. , Schiavi A. , Marrocco R. , Prosperi L. , Vita F.
Published: May 2019

Fractures of the femoral head are not frequent and are almost always combined with dislocation of the hip. We reviewed 43 cases of femoral head fractures (33 men, 10 women), mean age 38.6 years. Using Pipkin's classification there were 13 type 1 cases, 5 type 2 and 25 type 4. Twenty-nine patients (67.4%) were seen again after a minimum of two years. Overall, there were ten excellent results, nine good, four fair and six poor. Complications were three cases of ischemic necrosis, eleven secondary arthritis, and three cases of heterotopic ossification.

CT is an extremely useful method for assessing these lesions, especially in cases with small intra-articular fragments (Pipkin 1 and 4). Therapeutic indications obtained from this study were a non-invasive approach for Pipkin type 1 lesions, except those with a large intra-articular fragment, surgery for Pipkin type 2 cases, with osteosynthesis of the fragments, mainly using Herbert screws, and surgery particularly for Pipkin type 4, especially for osteosynthesis of the fragments of acetabular wall.
The Initial Stability of Femoral Impaction Grafting
Authors: Smith E.J. , Richardson J.B. , Learmonth I.D. , Evans G.P. , Nelson K. , Lee R. , Dyson J.
Published: May 2019

Aseptic loosening is the major cause of failure in primary total hip replacements. Loss of bone stock occurs in both cementless and cemented implants. Impaction of morsellised allograft represents a major advance in the restoration of bone loss at revision hip surgery. This study was designed to test the early stability of the femoral impaction construct. Polished double tapered stems were inserted into neomedullary canals within impacted allograft in fibreglass femora. Subsidence was measured during cyclical loading. Four methods of impaction grafting were tested: allograft alone; allograft and heparinised blood; allograft/cement/heparinised blood; allograft/cement/clotted blood.

Uncemented impaction grafting failed at low loads and few cycles. The cemented technique supported higher loads. Heparinised blood reduced the strength of the composite. Initial stability was achieved with allograft, cement and clotted blood. There is need for caution in the early post-operative period due to the wide variation in initial stability of the allograft composite. The reliability of this technique has been increased by the use of specialised instruments. Experimental studies and clinical experience suggest that this approach to revision surgery is technique dependent.
Total Hip Arthroplasty in Athetoid Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Harris N.J. , Utukuri M. , Robson M.J. , Bell M.J.
Published: May 2019

Total hip replacement is one alternative in the management of refractory coxarthrosis in patients with cerebral palsy. There are however concerns regarding both loosening and dislocation especially in the athetoid variant. We report two successful cases of total hip replacement in athetoid cerebral palsy and conclude that total hip replacement offers the only real chance of improving the patient's symptoms while at the same time maintaining or improving mobility in this group.
Evaluation of the Function of Wild Animal Gut Microbiomes Using Next-Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics and its Relevance to Animal Conservation
Authors: Yao Ran , Xu Lianglaing , Lu Guoqing , Zhu Lifeng
Published: May 2019

The relationship between animal conservation and the animal gut microbiome is a hot topic in current microbial ecology research. Our group has recently revealed that the occurrence of diverse combinations of gut microbial compositions and functions (metagenomics) in Père David’s deer ( Elaphurus davidianus) populations is likely to lead to increased evolutionary potential and resilience in response to environmental changes. Thus, considering the effects of diet on the gut microbiome and the importance of a stable gut microbial community to host health, we suggest that a transitional buffer period (with feeding on a regular diet and a diet from the translocation habitat) is needed before animal translocation. When the gut microbiome enters into relatively stable stages and adapts to the new diet from the translocation site, the time is suitable for translocation. Long-term monitoring of the gut microbiomes of translocated animals (by collecting fresh feces and carrying out next-generation sequencing) is still necessary after their translocation.
Responses of Native American cultural heritage to changes in environmental setting
Authors: Bisbal Gustavo A , Jones Chas E
Published: May 2019

Cultural expressions of American Indian and Alaska Natives reflect the relationship between American Indian and Alaska Natives and the plant and animal species present in an area. Different forces that modify that relationship and influence those expressions can potentially shape American Indian and Alaska Natives cultural heritage and even compromise their cultural identity. Herein, we propose seven modalities to illustrate how American Indian and Alaska Natives cultural expressions may respond to changes in environmental settings that alter the relationship between plant and animal assemblages, and Native peoples. Each modality provides insight into the vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity of American Indian and Alaska Natives cultural expressions to changes in environmental settings. Future research may delve deeper into these modalities and help identify appropriate methods for managing culturally important resources. More culturally sensitive management approaches may strengthen conservation practices and safeguard the cultural legacy of indigenous groups.