bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of 233 nm far-UVC LEDs for eradication of MRSA and MSSA and risk assessment on skin models
Authors: Zwicker Paula , Schleusener Johannes , Lohan Silke B. , Busch Loris , Sicher Claudia , Einfeldt Sven , Kneissl Michael , Kühl Anja A. , Keck Cornelia M. , Witzel Christian , Kramer Axel , Meinke Martina C.
Published: February 2022

A newly developed UVC LED source with an emission wavelength of 233 nm was proved on bactericidal efficacy and skin tolerability. The bactericidal efficacy was qualitatively analysed using blood agar test. Subsequently, quantitative analyses were performed on germ carrier tests using the MRSA strain DSM11822, the MSSA strain DSM799,S. epidermidisDSM1798 with various soil loads. Additionally, the compatibility of the germicidal radiation doses on excised human skin and reconstructed human epidermis was proved. Cell viability, DNA damage and production of radicals were assessed in comparison to typical UVC radiation from discharge lamps (222 nm, 254 nm) and UVB (280–380 nm) radiation for clinical assessment. At a dose of 40 mJ/cm2, the 233 nm light source reduced the viable microorganisms by a log10reduction (LR) of 5 log10levels if no soil load was present. Mucin and protein containing soil loads diminished the effect to an LR of 1.5–3.3. A salt solution representing artificial sweat (pH 8.4) had only minor effects on the reduction. The viability of the skin models was not reduced and the DNA damage was far below the damage evoked by 0.1 UVB minimal erythema dose, which can be regarded as safe. Furthermore, the induced damage vanished after 24 h. Irradiation on four consecutive days also did not evoke DNA damage. The radical formation was far lower than 20 min outdoor visible light would cause, which is classified as low radical load and can be compensated by the antioxidant defence system.
Microsecond molecular dynamics of methane–carbon dioxide swapping in pure and saline water environment
Authors: Palodkar Avinash V. , Dongre Harshal J. , Thakre Niraj , Jana Amiya K.
Published: February 2022

This work aims at proposing the nondestructive methane-carbon dioxide (CH4–CO2) replacement mechanism as an ecofriendly energy production technique from the natural gas hydrate reserves in seafloor and permanently frozen grounds. Although the experimental data is widely available in literature, this replacement mechanism has not been elucidated at molecular level. In this contribution, we perform the microsecond level molecular dynamic simulations to evaluate two different CH4–CO2 replacement mechanisms: (i) direct CH4 displacement from hydrate structure, and (ii) dissociation of existing methane hydrate followed by a reformation of mixed CH4–CO2 hydrates. For this, we analyze CH4–CO2 replacement in three different modes i.e., CO2 as a replacing agent in (i) absence of free water molecules, (ii) presence of free water molecules, and (iii) presence of salt ions and free water molecules. Despite slow kinetics in the first mode, pure CO2 is observed to replace the methane more efficiently, while in the second mode, CO2 forms a new mixed hydrate layer on the existing seed crystal. However, in the third mode, salt ions help in destabilizing the methane hydrate and allow CO2 to form the hydrates. This proves that salt ions are favorable for CH4–CO2 replacement.
Conditioned up and down modulations of short latency gamma band oscillations in visual cortex during fear learning in humans
Authors: Santos-Mayo Alejandro , de Echegaray Javier , Moratti Stephan
Published: February 2022

Over the course of evolution, the human brain has been shaped to prioritize cues that signal potential danger. Thereby, the brain does not only favor species-specific prepared stimulus sets such as snakes or spiders but can learn associations between new cues and aversive outcomes. One important mechanism to achieve this is associated with learning induced plasticity changes in sensory cortex that optimizes the representation of motivationally relevant sensory stimuli. Animal studies have shown that the modulation of gamma band oscillations predicts plasticity changes in sensory cortices by shifting neurons’ responses to fear relevant features as acquired by Pavlovian fear conditioning. Here, we report conditioned gamma band modulations in humans during fear conditioning of orthogonally oriented sine gratings representing fear relevant and irrelevant conditioned cues. Thereby, pairing of a sine grating with an aversive loud noise not only increased short latency (during the first 180 ms) evoked visual gamma band responses, but was also accompanied by strong gamma power reductions for the fear irrelevant control grating. The current findings will be discussed in the light of recent neurobiological models of plasticity changes in sensory cortices and classic learning models such as the Rescorla–Wagner framework.
A suspended polymeric microfluidic sensor for liquid flow rate measurement in microchannels
Authors: Mohammadamini Fatemeh , Rahbar Shahrouzi Javad , Samadi Mitra
Published: February 2022

In this study, a microfluidic cantilever flow sensor was designed and manufactured to monitor liquid flow rate within the range of 100–1000 µl/min. System simulation was also performed to determine the influential optimal parameters and compare the results with experimental data. A flowmeter was constructed as a curved cantilever with dimensions of 6.9 × 0.5 × 0.6 mm3and a microchannel carved with a CO2laser inside the cantilever beam. The fabrication substance was Polydimethylsiloxane. Different flow rates were injected using a syringe pump to test the performance of the flowmeter. Vertical displacement of the cantilever was measured in each flowrate using a digital microscope. According to the results, the full-scale overall device accuracy was up to ± 1.39%, and the response time of the sensor was measured to be 6.3 s. The microchip sensitivity was 0.126 µm/(µl/min) in the range of measured flow rates. The sensor could also be utilized multiple times with an acceptable error value. The experimental data obtained by the constructed microchip had a linear trend (R2 = 0.995) and were of good consistency with simulation results. Furthermore, according to the experimental and the simulation data, the initially curved cantilever structure had a higher bending and sensitivity level than a perfectly straight cantilever construction.
Precise control of embolic stroke with magnetized red blood cells in mice
Authors: Jin Yuxiao , Shi Peijun , Wang Yu , Li Jinghang , Zhang Jiachen , Zhao Xinxin , Ge Yaping , Huang Yanjie , Guo Mengzhun , Wang Feidi , Ci Bo , Xiao Xian , Gao Xiaofei , Xu Jianrong , Dang Bobo , Ji Botao , Ge Woo-ping , Jia Jie-Min
Published: February 2022

Precise embolism control in immature brains can facilitate mechanistic studies of brain damage and repair after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS), but it remains a technical challenge. Microhemorrhagic transformation is observed in one-third of infant patients who have suffered PAIS, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Building on an established approach that uses magnetic nanoparticles to induce PAIS, we develop a more advanced approach that utilizes magnetized erythrocytes to precisely manipulate de novo and in situ embolus formation and reperfusion in perinatal rodent brains. This approach grants spatiotemporal control of embolic stroke without any transarterial delivery of pre-formed emboli. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that erythrocytes rather than nanoparticles are the main material obstructing the vessels. Both approaches can induce microbleeds as an age-dependent complication; this complication can be prevented by microglia and macrophage depletion. Thus, this study provides an animal model mimicking perinatal embolic stroke and implies a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of perinatal stroke.
Discovery of thirteen cobalt(ii) and copper(ii) salicylaldehyde Schiff base complexes that induce apoptosis and autophagy in human lung adenocarcinoma A549/DDP cells and that can overcome cisplatin resistance in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chen Ya-Ting , Zhang Shao-Nan , Wang Zhen-Feng , Wei Qing-Min , Zhang Shu-Hua
Published: February 2022

Compared with 1–9, 10–13 displayed stronger cytotoxic activities against the tested A549/DDP cells. 11 and 13 could induce apoptosis and autophagy in A549/DDP cells and exhibited pronounced and selective activity against A549/DDP xenografts in vivo.
Emulating the short-term plasticity of a biological synapse with a ruthenium complex-based organic mixed ionic–electronic conductor
Authors: Shin Samuel , Kang Dae Cheol , Kim Keonhee , Jeong Yeonjoo , Kim Jaewook , Lee Suyoun , Kwak Joon Young , Park Jongkil , Hwang Gyu Weon , Lee Kyeong-Seok , Park Jong Keuk , Li Jian , Kim Inho
Published: February 2022

This study provides an organic mixed ionic–electronic conductor (OMIEC) memristor based on Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 as an organic active layer to mimic the STP of a biological synapse.
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) encapsulated platinum nanoparticles for cancer treatment
Authors: López Ruiz Aida , Villaseco Arribas Evaristo , McEnnis Kathleen
Published: February 2022

Presented is an experimental study to formulate a delivery system for platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) for cancer treatment.
Correlated organic–inorganic motion enhances stability and charge carrier lifetime in mixed halide perovskites
Authors: Zhao Xi , Lu Haoran , Fang Wei-Hai , Long Run
Published: February 2022

Correlated organic–inorganic motion delays nonradiative electron–hole recombination and improves the stability of FAPbI3 upon Br doping.
Enzymatic recycling of polymacrolactones
Authors: Martínez-Cutillas Alfredo , León Salvador , Oh Sejin , Martínez de Ilarduya Antxon
Published: February 2022

The enzymatic recycling of polymacrolactones using the N435 biocatalyst provides macrocyclic oligoesters that could be repolymerized.
Nanocrystalline triple perovskite compounds A3Fe2BO9(A = Sr, Ba; B = W, Te) with ferromagnetic and dielectric properties for triboelectric energy harvesting
Authors: Kojčinović Jelena , Sahu Manisha , Hajra Sugato , Tatar Dalibor , Klaser Teodoro , Skoko Željko , Jagličić Zvonko , Sadrollahi Elaheh , Litterst Fred Jochen , Kim Hoe Joon , Djerdj Igor
Published: February 2022

The preparation, characterization and application of nanocrystalline Fe-based triple perovskites as layers in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). TENG devices were tested for powering a calculator and charging various capacitors.
Metal oxide nanoparticle-modified ITO electrode for high-performance solution-processed perovskite photodetectors
Authors: Yan Chao , Wang Yue , Zhu Lijie , Jiang Jingzan , Hu Yufeng , Cui Qiuhong , Lou Zhidong , Hou Yanbing , Teng Feng
Published: February 2022

PPDs based on TiO2 and SnO2 NP layers show similar significantly low dark current density. Due to the UV induced conductivity and barrier height changes in the TiO2 device after UV illumination the dark current of the device increases, while the SnO2 device remains the same.
Highly luminescent MAPbI3 perovskite quantum dots with a simple purification process via ultrasound-assisted bead milling
Authors: Enomoto Junya , Sato Ryota , Yokoyama Masaaki , Kimura Taisei , Oshita Naoaki , Umemoto Kazuki , Asakura Satoshi , Masuhara Akito
Published: February 2022

Synthesized MAPbI3 QDs were purified using various alkyl acetates, with differences in the dispersibility of the MAPbI3 QDs in each solvent, and an LED based on the purified MAPbI3 QDs showed narrow emission and a high external quantum efficiency.
Theoretical insight into mercury species adsorption on graphene-based Pt single-atom catalysts
Authors: Ji Wenchao , Xiao Xiuhua , Li Feiyue , Fan Xingjun , Meng Yuanyuan , Fan Maohong
Published: February 2022

Adsorption mechanism: all mercury species can chemically adsorb on Pt/SV-GN and Pt/3N-GN. The charge decomposition analysis confirmed that s, p orbitals of Hg hybridized with d, s orbitals of Pt SACs. Pt/3N-GN is more superior for mercury removal.
Hydrodynamic and geometric effects in the sedimentation of model run-and-tumble microswimmers
Authors: Scagliarini Andrea , Pagonabarraga Ignacio
Published: February 2022

The shape of the steady state of sedimentation profiles of an active suspension depend crucially on the competition between gravity and activity as well as on collective effects determined by solvent hydrodynamics and system geometry.
The bifunctional volcano plot: thermodynamic limits for single-atom catalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution
Authors: Kolb Manuel J. , Calle-Vallejo Federico
Published: February 2022

Based on the “bifunctionality index”, which can be both measured and calculated, we elaborated a joint volcano plot for O2 reduction and evolution. The plot shows how scaling relations limit the bifunctional performance of single-atom catalysts.
A flexible solid-state supercapacitor with extreme low-temperature tolerance based on an ion conducting ice gel electrolyte
Authors: Tu Juan. , Pan Jian , Liu Xinghuan , Yan Yinhao , Shi Yulin , Yu Xinghai , Jia Xin
Published: February 2022

An innovative ion conducting ice gel served as a solid-state electrolyte in a flexible supercapacitor with improved extreme low-temperature tolerance.
Large electrocaloric effect under electric field behavior in potassium sodium niobate ceramics with incompletely overlapped phase boundaries
Authors: Tao Hong , Yin Jie , Zhao Chunlin , Wu Bo , Zhao Lin , Ma Jian , Wu Jiagang
Published: February 2022

An enhancement of the electrocaloric effect with incomplete overlap of the FE–FE and FE–PE phase boundaries in KNN-based ceramics.
Hebb–Wagner polarization method for determining the oxygen ion conductivity in barium cerate-zirconate
Authors: Miruszewski T. , Dzierzgowski K. , Winiarz P. , Wachowski S. , Mielewczyk-Gryń A. , Gazda M.
Published: February 2022

Modified DC Hebb–Wagner polarization method was used to study oxygen ionic conductivity in BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.2O3. New measuring cell and calculation model proposed. Conduction mechanism of oxygen ions is influenced by protons in BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.2O3.
Recent progress and advances in electrochromic devices exhibiting infrared modulation
Authors: Gong Hui , Li Wanzhong , Fu Guoxing , Zhang Qianqian , Liu Jingbing , Jin Yuhong , Wang Hao
Published: February 2022

This review provides a route for constructing advanced IR-ECDs towards real-world applications in smart windows, IR sensors, thermal control and military camouflage.
PEG-based cleavable hydrogel microparticles with controlled porosity for permiselective trafficking of biomolecular complexes in biosensing applications
Authors: De Masi Alessandra , Scognamiglio Pasqualina L. , Battista Edmondo , Netti Paolo A. , Causa Filippo
Published: February 2022

3D PEG-based hydrogels particles for biosensing are obtained by using cleavable crosslinkers to create porosity and provide chemical functionalities for bioconjugation.
The solvothermal synthesis of a 3D rod-like Fe–Al bimetallic metal–organic-framework for efficient fluoride adsorption and photodegradation of water-soluble carcinogenic dyes
Authors: Mukherjee Arnab , Dhak Prasanta , Dhak Debasis
Published: February 2022

Thermally stable, 3D rod-like, nanosized, pH-stable Fe–Al metal–organic-framework with terephthalic acid as a linker with a surface area 120.255 m2 g−1 was synthesized solvothermally for fluoride adsorption and the photodegradation of rhodamine B/methylene blue (pH 2–11).
Na2SrB16O26: a new borate with independent interpenetrating B–O networks and deep-ultraviolet cutoff edge
Authors: Chen Zhikang , Zhang Kewang , Zhang Bei , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2022

A new mixed alkali and alkaline-earth metal borate, Na2SrB16O26, was synthesized by the high-temperature solution method. Its structure exhibits an interpenetrating 3D B–O framework.
The chameleon-like nature of elusive cobalt–oxygen intermediates in C–H bond activation reactions
Authors: Zhou Anran , Cao Xuanyu , Chen Huanhuan , Sun Dongru , Zhao Yufen , Nam Wonwoo , Wang Yong
Published: February 2022

C–H bond activation in which reaction rates are correlated with the pKa of C–H bonds proceeds via a PCET(PT) mechanism.
Recent advances in photorelease complexes for therapeutic applications
Authors: Benniston Andrew C. , Zeng Lingli
Published: February 2022

A review covering the past five years of research into photoactive molecules that release a potential therapeutic upon light irradiation.
Correction: Naphthalimide-containing coordination polymer with mechanoresponsive luminescence and excellent metal ion sensing properties
Authors: Liu Jian-Jun , Xia Shu-Biao , Que Qi-Tao , Suo Hongbo , Liu Jiaming , Shen Xiang , Cheng Fei-Xiang
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘Naphthalimide-containing coordination polymer with mechanoresponsive luminescence and excellent metal ion sensing properties’ by Jian-Jun Liu et al., Dalton Trans., 2020, 49, 3174–3180, DOI: 10.1039/C9DT04928B.
Correction: Progressive changes in crystallographic textures of biominerals generate functionally graded ceramics
Authors: Wallis David , Harris Joe , Böhm Corinna F. , Wang Di , Zavattieri Pablo , Feldner Patrick , Merle Benoit , Pipich Vitaliy , Hurle Katrin , Leupold Simon , Hansen Lars N. , Marin Frédéric , Wolf Stephan E.
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘Progressive changes in crystallographic textures of biominerals generate functionally graded ceramics’ by David Wallis et al., Mater. Adv., 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d1ma01031j.
Twisted tetrathiafulvalene crystals
Authors: Yang Yongfan , Zong Kai , Whittaker St. John , An Zhihua , Tan Melissa , Zhou Hengyu , Shtukenberg Alexander G. , Kahr Bart , Lee Stephanie S.
Published: February 2022

Crystal twisting introduces optical activity to organic semiconducting films of centrosymmetric tetrathiafulvalene.
Retraction: Photocatalytic membranes prepared by embedding porous Zr-doped SiO2 shell/TiO2 core particles with expanded channels into polyvinylidene fluoride for cleaning wastewater
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: February 2022

Retraction for ‘Photocatalytic membranes prepared by embedding porous Zr-doped SiO2 shell/TiO2 core particles with expanded channels into polyvinylidene fluoride for cleaning wastewater’ by Yuqing Zhang and Pinjing Li, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 98118–98129, DOI: 10.1039/C5RA16319F.
On-the-spot quenching for effective implementation of cooling crystallization in a continuous-flow microfluidic device
Authors: Coliaie Paria , Kelkar Manish S. , Korde Akshay , Langston Marianne , Liu Chengxiang , Nazemifard Neda , Patience Daniel , Skliar Dimitri , Nere Nandkishor K. , Singh Meenesh R.
Published: February 2022

Illustrated is a microfludic cooling crystallization device that can effectively screen polymorphs, growth rates, and morphology of crystalline materials.
Zeolite shape selectivity impact on LDPE and PP catalytic pyrolysis products and coke nature
Authors: Hasan Md M. , Batalha Nuno , Fraga Gabriel , Ahmed Mohamed H. M. , Pinard L. , Konarova Muxina , Pratt Steven , Laycock Bronwyn
Published: February 2022

The comprehensive study revealed a significant impact of the zeolite framework on the reactions involved in the polymers’ conversion, with multiple catalyst deactivation mechanisms being identified.
Organisation and community intelligence in smart city leadership and beyond
Authors: Gurick Mitchell , Felger Steven
Published: February 2022

The relationship between smart cities and communities is anchored on the way organisations leverage technology to impact the quality of living in a city, state, or country. The emergence of smart cities has been welcomed as one of the significant breakthroughs in improving the public sector. In particular, generation of revenue, utilisation of technology, and formulation of policies are used to deal with challenges related to smart city infrastructure. Leadership is one area that has faced strategic challenges with the development of smart cities. This study aims to showcase connectivism between smart cities and communities, challenges associated with smart cities, requirements for modern leadership, and opportunities related to smart cities to improve the community.
Adjuvante Instillationstherapie des nicht muskelinvasiven Harnblasenkarzinoms – neue Optionen abseits von BCG und Mitomycin
Authors: Gakis Georgios
Published: February 2022

Aufgrund der eingeschränkten Wirksamkeit der passiven Applikationsweise von BCG und
Mitomycin-C (MMC) und in den letzten Jahren bestehenden BCG-Lieferengpässen ist eine
Verbesserung der onkologischen Ergebnisse der adjuvanten Instillationstherapie beim
nicht muskelinvasiven Harnblasenkarzinom (NMIBC) durch Entwicklung neuartiger
Instillationsubstanzen und Applikationsweisen erforderlich.

Gemcitabin ist als generisch verfügbare Substanz in zahlreichen randomisierten Studien in
den verschiedenen Risikokonstellationen untersucht worden und zeigt insbesondere im
BCG-unresponsiven Stadium ein verbessertes rezidivfreies Überleben im Vergleich zur
BCG-Rechallenge und MMC. Eine neuartige Instillationsform stellt das
Gemcitabin-intravesical-releasing system (GemRIS) dar, welches in der Kombination mit dem
systemisch wirksamen Checkpointinhibitor Cetrelimab in derzeit anlaufenden klinischen Studien
getestet wird. Hyperthermes intravesikales MMC (HIVEC), welches extrakorporal erwärmt und in
die Blase zirkuliert, führt zu einer Konzentrationssteigerung von MMC in der Blasenwand und
wird im Rahmen klinischer Studie bereits getestet. Nadofaragene firadenovec (rAd-IFN-α/Syn3)
ist ein rekombinantes Adenovirus zur Steigerung der Interferon-alpha-Konzentration im Urothel
und bietet erstmalig die Möglichkeit eine intravesikale Gentherapie für die urologischen
Praxis zu etablieren. Daten aus einer aktuellen Phase-III Studie legen im BCG-unresponsiven
Stadium eine höhere Wirksamkeit bei günstigerem Nebenwirkungsprofil im Vergleich zu Studien
mit einer PD-(L)1-Monotherapie nahe. Opportuzumab monatox ist ein rekombinantes
Fusionsprotein, welche nach EpCAM-Binding zu einer Freisetzung von Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Exotoxin führt, welches hiernach einen zytotoxischen Zellschaden einleitet. N-803 ist ein
Interleukin (IL)-15 Superagonist, welcher im Kombination mit BCG in einer Phase Ib Studie ein
dauerhaftes komplettes Ansprechen über 72 Monate bei 9 intermediate/high-risk Patienten
zeigte und bereits 2019 eine Vorabzulassung durch die FDA erhalten hat.
Ultraschalldiagnostik in der Kinderrheumatologie
Authors: Windschall Daniel , Malattia Clara , Krumrey-Langkammerer Manuela , Trauzeddel Ralf
Published: February 2022

Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand der Ultraschallbefundung in der Kinderrheumatologie und geht insbesondere auf den praktischen Einsatz und die technischen Aspekte der Gelenksonografie ein. Dabei werden auch die wissenschaftlichen Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre zusammengefasst und berücksichtigt. Neben der Gelenksonografie wird die Ultraschalltechnik in der Kinderrheumatologie zunehmend auch auf weitere Körperregionen und -organe ausgeweitet, die für die kinderrheumatologische Diagnostik relevant sind.
Neurosurgery in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Almeida Bruna Veronese de , Silva Ledismar José da
Published: February 2022

Alcohol abuse has impacts on public health worldwide. Conservative treatment to achieve abstinence consists of detoxification combined with psychotherapy and the use of drugs, but it is estimated that only half of the individuals achieve long-term abstinence with the available treatments. In this sense, neurosurgery appears as a therapeutic proposal. The present study aimed to gather information about the circuitry related to alcohol use disorder (AUD), to describe possible surgical targets, and to establish whether a surgical approach could be a safe and effective treatment option. A systematic review of the literature was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. The 14 selected articles analyze ablative operations, deep brain stimulation (DBS), and a new procedure in which the patient is first submitted to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to evaluate their response, and later an implant is surgically positioned on the evaluated target to obtain more lasting results. The most relevant outcomes were found when the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) were used as targets, demonstrating a large reduction in alcohol intake and even its cessation. However, important side effects were observed, such as psychotic symptoms, right frontal venous infarction, seizures after implantation in the ACC and a hypomanic period after DBS in the NAcc, which could be reversed. Due to the lack of studies involving the surgical treatment of AUD, more clinical trials are needed to compare targets, to assess surgical techniques, and to estimate the safety of these techniques.
Cervical Cancer Screening with HPV Testing: Updates on the Recommendation
Authors: Carvalho Carla Fabrine , Teixeira Julio Cesar , Bragança Joana Froes , Derchain Sophie , Zeferino Luiz Carlos , Vale Diama Bhadra
Published: February 2022

The present update is a reassessment of the 2018 ‘Guidelines for HPV-DNA Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening in Brazil’ (Zeferino et al.)9, according to the changes observed in new international guidelines and knowledge updates. The most relevant and recent guidelines were assessed. Questions regarding the clinical practice were formulated, and the answers considered the perspective of the public and private sectors of the Brazilian health system. The review addressed risk-based strategies regarding age to start and stop screening, the use of cytology and colposcopy to support management decisions, treatment, follow-up strategies, and screening in specific groups, including vaccinated women. The update aims to improve the prevention of cervical cancer and to reduce overtreatment and the misuse of HPV testing.
Validação clínica do conceito de glenoid track na instabilidade glenoumeral anterior
Authors: Gracitelli Mauro Emilio Conforto , Lobo Frederico Lafraia , Malavolta Eduardo Angeli , Assunção Jorge Henrique , Andrade-Silva Fernando Brandão de , Ferreira Neto Arnaldo Amado
Published: February 2022

Objetivo Avaliar a correlação do conceito de glenoid track e da perda óssea da cavidade glenoidal com a taxa de recidiva de luxação e pontuação na escala de Rowe.

Métodos Estudo retrospectivo que aferiu o glenoid track e a perda óssea da cavidade glenoidal por ressonância magnética pré-operatória. Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos a reparo artroscópico primário de Bankart anterior. Não foram incluídos pacientes com perda óssea da cavidade glenoidal maior que 21%, rotura do manguito rotador, fratura de cintura escapular, instabilidade posterior ou multidirecional. A pontuação pela escala de Rowe foi o desfecho primário, e a taxa de recidiva foi o desfecho secundário.

Resultados Cento e dois pacientes foram incluídos. A recidiva foi relatada por 8 pacientes (7,8%). Quatro pacientes (50%) do grupo com recidiva apresentaram lesão da cavidade glenoidal maior que 13,5% contra 24 (25,5%) do grupo sem recidiva (p = 0,210), com valor preditivo negativo de 94,6%. Três pacientes (37,5%) do grupo com recidiva foram considerados off-track, contra 13 (13,8%) do grupo sem recidiva (p = 0,109), com valor preditivo negativo de 94,2%. Pacientes com valor absoluto do glenoid track menor ou igual a 1,5 mm tiveram piores resultados em relação ao grupo com recidiva, sendo que 6 pacientes (75%) apresentaram recidiva (p = 0,003).

Conclusão Lesão off-track e perda óssea da cavidade glenoidal maior que a subcrítica não apresentam relação significativa com a taxa de recidiva e a pontuação de Rowe, apesar do alto valor preditivo negativo. O corte do valor absoluto do glenoid track em 1,5 mm apresentou relação significativa com a taxa de recidiva.
Pé em espelho: Abordagem cirúrgica para melhora estética e funcional
Authors: Guerra Lucas Almeida , Martins Jefferson Soares , Lehnen Igor Matsuy Pacheco , Rodrigues Gabriella de Figueiredo , Santana Luiz Fernando Batista
Published: February 2022

O pé em espelho é uma anomalia congênita rara, pertencente ao espectro das polidactilias complexas dos pés. Pode ocorrer isoladamente ou associado a outras malformações ou síndromes genéticas. Trata-se de um tema pouco descrito na literatura, com escassas publicações acerca do seu tratamento. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 4 anos de idade que apresentava pé esquerdo com 8 dedos, sem outras deformidades associadas, cujas queixas incluíam a impossibilidade de usar calçados fechados e estigma social. Radiograficamente, verificou-se a presença de oito metatarsos com suas respectivas falanges, cinco ossos cuneiformes, e ausência de deformidades ósseas no retropé. Optou-se pela abordagem cirúrgica visando uma melhoria funcional e estética, bem como melhor adaptação ao uso de calçados fechados, conforme desejo da paciente e família. Realizou-se incisão em V dorsal e plantar com ressecção de três raios supranumerários, incluindo três metatarsos centrais com suas nove falanges correspondentes, dois ossos cuneiformes, tendões e nervos digitais extras, seguidas da sutura dos ligamentos intermetatarsais, preservando os dedos com aparência normal, diminuindo a largura do pé, e mantendo seu apoio adequado. A redução foi mantida por fixação transmetatarsal com fios de Kirschner. O pós-operatório seguiu com uso de tala bota e carga zero, sem intercorrências, retirando-se os fios de Kirschner e liberando carga no membro após doze semanas.
A Preliminary Assessment of Tinospora sinensis on Mice Liver
Authors: Parveen Abidah , Mir Tahir Maqbool , Ali Zulfiqar , Khan Ikhlas A. , Ashfaq M. Khalid
Published: February 2022

Objective A preliminary study was conducted to assess the role of Tinospora sinensis extract on liver in mice in normal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced health-compromised conditions.

Method Mice (n = 3–5) were randomly assigned into groups I to IV for hepatotoxic studies. Group I was assigned normal, group II was given LPS (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [ip]), group III was given T. sinensis only (1 g/kg/day for 21 days), whereas group IV was administered T. sinensis (1 g/kg/day per os [po] for 21 days) with LPS (6 mg/kg ip given on 7th day). Group V received monocrotaline (MCT) (200 mg/kg, p.o.) only. Group VI received MCT (200 mg/kg, po) and LPS (6 mg/kg ip). Group VII was given T. sinensis (500 mg/kg/day po for 7 days) followed by MCT (200 mg/kg, p.o.) and LPS (6 mg/kg, ip) on the 7th day. Groups V to VII were used to assess the effect of T. sinensis in MCT + LPS-induced hepatotoxicity model.

Results No elevation in alanine transaminase (ALT) levels was observed in mice treated with T. sinensis in group III or group IV compared with normal (vehicle treated) group (group I). Elevation in ALT levels was observed in group VI (MCT + LPS) and group VII; histopathology showed liver injury. Pretreatment of mice with T. sinensis (group VII) did not show any reduction in the elevated ALT levels.

Conclusions In the preliminary assessment, T. sinensis extract was found to exhibit neither hepatotoxicity itself nor the potential to thwart liver damage by a xenobiotic under the given test conditions, dosage, and duration of the study.
Deep Digital Flexor Contracture following Combined Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy and Cranial Closing Wedge Ostectomy: A Case Report in a Dog
Authors: Price Anya , Lopez Daniel , Valenzano Dominick , Frye Christopher , Krotscheck Ursula
Published: February 2022

This case report describes the use of a Z-plasty tenotomy and anastomosis to surgically lengthen the deep digital flexor (DDF) tendons of digits 2 to 5 of the pelvic limb in a 6-year-old male castrated Greyhound. The procedure was used to treat contracture of this tendon complex which developed after a series of complications secondary to proximal osteotomies utilized for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. The dog was evaluated for lameness associated with left cranial cruciate ligament rupture and excessive tibial plateau slope; accordingly, a combined tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and cranial closing wedge ostectomy was performed. Postoperatively, the dog developed substantial DDF tendon contracture that led to severe digital hyperflexion and contributed to a non-weight bearing lameness. The dog received intensive rehabilitation therapy but failed to substantially improve; therefore, all of the weight-bearing left hindlimb DDF tendons were lengthened with a Z-plasty tenotomy and anastomosis followed by further rehabilitation. Follow-up evaluation 44 months postoperatively documented mild, intermittent left hindlimb lameness on gait observation and confirmed success of the Z-plasty procedure via ultrasonographic evaluation. Conservative treatment alone was unsuccessful in managing DDF tendon contracture in this dog. Z-plasty tenotomy and anastomosis of the DDF tendon allowed for return-to-acceptable function in this case.
Coagulação por plasma de argônio como adjuvante à curetagem estendida em tumores de células gigantes do osso: Um estudo de 50 casos
Authors: Kumar Sumedh , Nandan Brajesh , Chauhan Ravi , Dhawan Manish , Agrawal Siddharth , Rivi Sijal
Published: February 2022

Objetivo A curetagem estendida com adjuvantes de tumores de células gigantes do osso está associada a uma menor taxa de recidiva da neoplasia e à preservação da articulação adjacente. Este estudo foi feito para estimar a taxa de recidiva e o resultado funcional após o uso de plasma de argônio como adjuvante à curetagem estendida.

Métodos Cinquenta pacientes com tumores de células gigantes que atendiam a todos os critérios de inclusão foram selecionados para o estudo e submetidos à curetagem estendida com broca de alta velocidade e fotocoagulação com plasma de argônio entre julho de 2016 e janeiro de 2019. À consulta de acompanhamento, os pacientes foram avaliados quanto a quaisquer queixas de dor e sinais como sensibilidade, aumento local da temperatura e diminuição da amplitude de movimento da articulação adjacente. Radiologicamente, os pacientes foram avaliados quanto à presença de qualquer aumento de radiotransparência ao redor do manto de cimento e incorporação do enxerto subarticular. O questionário Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS) foi administrado aos pacientes e a amplitude de movimentação da articulação adjacente foi comparada à articulação contralateral.

Resultados Quatro pacientes apresentaram recidiva, o que corresponde a uma taxa de 8%. Seis meses após a cirurgia, 26 de 28 pacientes com tumor no membro inferior tinham capacidade de sustentação de peso de grau 5 e amplitude de movimento comparável à articulação saudável contralateral, com pontuação MSTS média de 27 (intervalo de 18 a 30).

Conclusão A curetagem estendida de tumores de células gigantes com coagulação por plasma de argônio está associada a baixas taxas de recidiva da neoplasia; é uma modalidade eficaz no tratamento desses tumores e o resultado funcional é comparável ao do membro saudável.
Observation of Zeeman splitting effect in a laser-driven coil
Authors: Zhu Baojun , Zhang Zhe , Liu Chang , Yuan Dawei , Jiang Weiman , Wei Huigang , Li Fang , Zhang Yihang , Han Bo , Cheng Lei , Li Shangqing , Zhong Jiayong , Yuan Xiaoxia , Tong Bowei , Sun Wei , Fang Zhiheng , Wang Chen , Xie Zhiyong , Hua Neng , Wu Rong , Qiao Zhanfeng , Liang Guiyun , Zhu Baoqiang , Zhu Jianqiang , Fujioka Shinsuke , Li Yutong
Published: February 2022

The Zeeman splitting effect is observed in a strong magnetic field generated by a laser-driven coil. The expanding plasma from the coil wire surface is concentrated at the coil center and interacts with the simultaneously generated magnetic field. The Cu I spectral lines at wavelengths of 510.5541, 515.3235, and 521.8202 nm are detected and analyzed. The splittings of spectral lines are used to estimate the magnetic field strength at the coil center as ∼31.4 ± 15.7 T at a laser intensity of ∼5.6 × 1015 W/cm2, which agrees well with measurements using a B-dot probe. Some other plasma parameters of the central plasma disk are also studied. The temperature is evaluated from the Cu I spectral line intensity ratio, while the electron density is estimated from the Stark broadening effect.
Generation of stable advective-diffusive chemokine gradients in a three-dimensional hydrogel
Authors: Bonneuil Willy V. , Watson Daniel J. , Frattolin Jennifer , Russell Matthew J. , Fasanella Masci Francesca , Bandara Mikaila , Brook Bindi S. , Nibbs Robert J. B. , Moore James E.
Published: February 2022

Physiologic chemoattractant gradients are shaped by diffusion, advection, binding to an extracellular matrix, and removal by cells. Previous in vitro tools for studying these gradients and the cellular migratory response have required cells to be constrained to a 2D substrate or embedded in a gel devoid of fluid flow. Cell migration in fluid flow has been quantified in the absence of chemoattractant gradients and shown to be responsive to them, but there is a need for tools to investigate the synergistic, or antagonistic, effects of gradients and flow. We present a microfluidic chip in which we generated precisely controlled gradients of the chemokine CCL19 under advective-diffusive conditions. Using torque-actuated membranes situated between a gel region and the chip outlet, the resistance of fluid channels adjacent to the gel region could be modified, creating a controllable pressure difference across the gel at a resolution inferior to 10 Pa. Constant supply and removal of chemokine on either side of the chip facilitated the formation of stable gradients at Péclet numbers between −10 and +10 in a collagen type I hydrogel. The resulting interstitial flow was steady within 0.05 μm s−1 for at least 8 h and varied by less than 0.05 μm s−1 along the gel region. This method advances the physiologic relevance of the study of the formation and maintenance of molecular gradients and cell migration, which will improve the understanding of in vivo observations.
Experimental study of the air concentration diffusion in aerated chute flows downstream of lateral and bottom aerators
Authors: Ye Fangzhou , Xu Weilin , Wei Wangru
Published: February 2022

Flow aeration is an effective way to protect the chute structure from cavitation erosion damage, and various chute aerators are applied for high-velocity and large discharge flows. The aeration protection for the chute floor and sidewall is mainly affected by aerator designs and air diffusion properties. However, detailed comparisons of air concentration distributions generated by different chute aerator types are limited. In this paper, physical model tests are conducted to measure and compare the air diffusions generated by different chute aerators, including the bottom aerator, the lateral aerator, and the full-section aerator. A clear-water zone in the middle of the water flow easily appears for the bottom aerator, and the air concentration in the zone near the bottom plate decays faster downstream. The lateral aerators can effectively improve the aeration protection of the sidewall in the middle of the water flow, but due to the influence of water fins, a prominent clear-water zone appears near the bottom plate of the sidewall, which cannot be eliminated downstream. The full-section aerator composed of the bottom aerator and lateral aerator can generate a fully aerated flow and eliminate clear-water effects. In addition, the air diffusion generated by the full-section aerator near the chute bottom and sidewalls increases and stably develops downstream. Test results indicate that compared to isolated bottom and lateral aerators, the full-section chute aerator can obtain acceptable air concentration distributions and near-wall air diffusions for cavitation erosion protection of high-velocity chute flows.
Rational design of pin puller and its closed bomb test-based equivalent testing
Authors: Li Shuai , Chen Guoguang , Wang Duan , Lv Tiegang , Yan Xiaolong , Dong Xiaofen
Published: February 2022

A pyrotechnically actuated pin puller is considered an efficient and important separation device because of its advantages of low pyroshock and no debris. However, its large size, complicated structure, and difficulty in performance testing hinder the large-scale application in weapon systems. Herein, we report a new pin puller structure with the gas inlet channels designed on the pin shaft. The novel design achieves the combination of the initiator and the pin shaft and reduces the size of the pin puller by 2 cm. A mathematical model of the movement process of this pin puller is established and further used to predict the variation rule of performance parameters. In particular, equivalent testing based on a closed bomb test (CBT) is proposed to examine the internal pressure of the pin puller calculated using the model. The experimental results of the equivalent testing are indeed consistent with the model simulation results and readily used to optimize the pin puller further in terms of the sensitivity analysis results of design parameters. The results show that our CBT-based equivalent testing can provide a facile way for the examination of the pressure of pyrotechnically actuated devices.
Comparing adaptive responses of new and old lucerne (
Authors: Baxevanos D. , Voulgari O. , Pankou C. , Yiakoulaki M. D. , Tsialtas I. T.
Published: February 2022

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is a major perennial forage legume worldwide. In Greece, new cultivars have been introduced mainly from the USA, Australia and Italy. However, some of these cultivars have not been tested locally before their widespread release. A field experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2016 in central Greece to compare the performance of 22 lucerne genotypes, including both local Greek and introduced genotypes, under irrigated Mediterranean conditions. There were three harvests in 2013 and five in each of the following years. Measurements included annual and total dry matter (DM) yield, harvest ratios, quality traits and agronomic parameters. Yields after the second year declined by 11.9–26.4%, possibly due to summer heat stress and reduced plant survival. However, several semi-winter-active cultivars were more persistent (by 19.4%) than highly winter-active cultivars. Three local, semi-winter-active cultivars and one introduced highly winter-active cultivar were the top performers for total DM yield (63.8–67.3 t DM/ha). Forage nutritive values showed small differences among cultivars. Evaluation of seasonal yield distribution was effective for comparing adaptive responses of genotypes in relation to the winter activity effect. Spring harvest ratio was more indicative (r = 0.92) of genotype total DM yield than was plant survival (r = 0.70). Specifically, highly winter-active cultivars showed higher autumn and spring harvests (by 36.4% and 7.9%, respectively) than semi-winter-active cultivars, which produced higher summer yields (by 35.7%). A regional program to breed more winter-active genotypes, which can capitalise on the longer preceding season with greater stand persistence, heat tolerance, summer productivity and height (>82 cm) and with more nodes (>18), could be beneficial for forage yield increase under the anticipated climatic changes.
Seed priming with boron and
Authors: Mehboob Noman , Minhas Waqas Ahmed , Naeem Muhammad , Yasir Tauqeer Ahmad , Naveed Muhammad , Farooq Shahid , Hussain Mubshar
Published: February 2022

Context The production of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is negatively affected by boron (B) deficiency. In Pakistan, the crop grown under B deficiency produces grains with low B concentration. Application of B-tolerant bacteria (BTB) is a promising option to improve B supply to plants grown under B deficiency. Aims This study was focused on determining the appropriate concentration of B for seed priming, and its effects with BTB inoculation on growth, productivity and grain B concentration of chickpea. Methods Chickpea seeds were primed in aerated solutions of B concentrations in the range 0.01–0.5% (w/v), with hydroprimed and dry seeds as controls. Concentrations >0.1% proved toxic and seeds failed to germinate. Hence, B was further diluted to concentrations in the range 0.0001–0.1%. Pots containing chickpea seeds were divided into two sets having all B treatments. One set was inoculated with BTB (5 mL per pot of pure Bacillus sp. MN54 culture at 10 9 cfu mL−1); the other set was not inoculated. Key results Seed priming with B along with BTB inoculation improved stand establishment, growth, nodulation, yield and grain B concentration of chickpea. Seed priming treatments with B at 0.001% and 0.0001% along with BTB inoculation were most effective for improving stand establishment, seedling growth and grain yield, whereas 0.1% B was more effective for improving grain B concentration. Conclusions Seed priming with 0.001% B along with inoculation of Bacillus sp. MN54 improved seed germination, nodulation, yield and grain B concentration of chickpea under B-deficiency conditions. Implications Seed inoculation with BTB i.e., Bacillus sp. MN54 coupled with seed priming in 0.001% B solution is a viable option to improve yield and grain B concentration of chickpea grown on B-deficient soils.
Agronomic assessment of the durum
Authors: Rebetzke G. J. , Rattey A. R. , Bovill W. D. , Richards R. A. , Brooks B. J. , Ellis M.
Published: February 2022

The wheat Green Revolution Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing alleles are associated with increased grain yields but also with reduced early growth and seedling emergence, especially if sowing conditions are unfavourable. The gibberellic acid-responsive, mutagen-derived Rht18 dwarfing gene was backcrossed from durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum L.) cv. Icaro into tall bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Halberd using phenotypic selection for reduced plant height. The Rht18 allele was confirmed among homozygous BC1F2-derived, F5:7 recombinant inbred lines by using a chromosome 6AS-linked, microsatellite molecular marker (Xwms4608), and then assessed for agronomic performance across multiple field sites ranging in yield from 3.6 to 6.4 t/ha. The Rht18-containing lines were significantly (P < 0.05) shorter in height (−24%) and reduced in plant lodging (−51%) compared with tall sister lines. Reductions in plant height were associated with significant increases in grain yield (+16%), reflecting increases in grain number (+21%), number of spikes (+7%) and number of grains per spike (+12%). Coleoptile length, early shoot biomass and ground cover percentage were unaffected by the presence of the Rht18 dwarfing gene. Comparisons of effects of gibberellic acid-insensitive Rht-B1b and Rht18 on early growth and agronomic performance were assessed separately for a set of 30 BC5F6-derived Halberd near-isogenic lines in the field in 2015. Ground cover and coleoptile length were significantly greater for Rht18 lines, whereas plant height, lodging, harvest index, grain number and yield were similar for Rht-B1b and Rht18 sister lines. Reduced lodging and increased grain number and yield, together with greater coleoptile length, indicate a potentially useful role for Rht18 in improving wheat performance.