bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fine needle aspiration cytology in a palpable breast lesion
Authors: Shrestha A , Chalise S , Karki S , Shakya G
Published: October 2011

Background: Breast cancer is the common malignant lesion in women. Fine needle aspiration cytology has high sensitivity and specificity and is a simple, rapid and safe method to diagnose breast lesions. The aim of the study was to categorize breast lesions and correlate the Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis with histopatholoical findings. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study done in department of Pathology of Institute of medicine, Trivuwan university teaching hospital, from January 2007 to December 2010. There were 1403 FNAC cases and 469 histopathology cases. Fine needle aspiration correlation with histopathology was done in 249 cases. All the cases were categorized according to risk for cancers: Unsatisfactory sample, Inflammatory breast disease Benign proliferative breast disease without atypia, Benign proliferative breast disease with atypia, Suspicious for malignancy and Malignant lesions. Results: Benign breast lesions were common in the age group of 21-30 years and malignant breast lesion common in the age of 41-50 years of age. In our study fibroadenoma was most common benign lesion and ductal carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC for malignancy were found to be 98.2% and 98.5% respectively. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology is highly sensitive and specific technique for diagnosis of most of the malignant and benign breast lesions. Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology; Breast lesion; Breast cancer; Fibroadenoma DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v1i2.5408 JPN 2011; 1(2): 131-135
Splenic undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma of a small size with fatal tumor rupture
Authors: Amatya BM , Sawabe M , Arai T , Kumakawa T , Takubo K , Kimula Y , Koike M
Published: October 2011

(The order of authors on this article was changed on 09/01/2012.)Primary undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the spleen is a rare and highly aggressive neoplasm that usually presents with splenomegaly, constitutional symptoms and frequent distant metastases. We report a case of 77-year old male patient with a past history of dissecting aortic aneurysm that developed acute hemorrhagic shock. Aneurysmal rupture was clinically suspected, but the postmortem examination revealed a 25 mm-sized tumor in an atrophic spleen weighing 65 gram with massive retroperitoneal bleeding. Metastases were found in the right renal hilus, the right adrenal gland and femoral bone marrow. Histology of the tumor showed undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Tumor rupture with fatal bleeding and systemic metastases had occurred despite the small size of the tumor. Tumor size is not a reliable predictor of systemic metastasis or tumor rupture for splenic undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Keywords: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma; Malignant fibrous histiocytoma; Splenic neoplasms; Retroperitoneal hemorrhage DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v1i2.5411 JPN 2011; 1(2): 151-153
Microcystic meningioma mimicking pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
Authors: Banstola S , Pathak T , Neupane S , Shrestha S , Basyal R , Pun CB , Lee MC
Published: October 2011

Microcystic meningioma is a distinct morphological variant of meningioma, characterized by loose texture and microcysts with formation of large extracellular spaces containing edematous fluid. The tumor cells have stellate and vacuolated cytoplasm with long cytoplasmic processes. We report a case of microcystic meningioma occurring in a 60 year-old man. Histological features showed tumor cells with abundant foamy cytoplasm, pleomorphic nucleus with vesicular chromatin and prominent nucleoli which mimicked pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. The clinical presentation and histopathological diagnostic dilemma along with immunohistochemistry is discussed. Keywords: MicrocysticMeningioma; Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma Immunohistochemistry DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v1i2.5413 JPN 2011; 1(2): 158-160
Granular Cell tumor of the male breast
Authors: Baidya R , Sigdel B , Baidya NL , Chakraborti S
Published: October 2011

A granular cell tumor is an unusual benign soft tissue neoplasm, occurring in the tongue, oral cavity or subcutaneous tissue and rarely occurs in the breast. We report a case of 44 years old male, who presented with a swelling in the right breast since 7 years measuring 6 x 4 cm. Fine needle aspiration cytology was suggestive of low grade carcinoma and on histopathologic examination, it was diagnosed as granular cell tumour, with S-100 immunopositivity.   Keywords: Granular cell tumour; Male breast; S-100 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v1i2.5414 JPN 2011; 1(2): 161-163
Cadaver kidney transplantation in Nepal: is it time to start?
Authors: Pant AD
Published: October 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v1i2.5415JPN 2011; 1(2): 164
Some common fixed point theorems in fuzzy metric spaces using compatible of type A-1 and A-2
Authors: Aage CT , Salunke JN
Published: October 2011

Recently M. S Khan, H. K. Pathak and R. George [9] have been introduced the concept of compatible of type A − 1 and type A − 2 and obtained some common fixed point theorems in fuzzy metric spaces. In this connection we have proved some common fixed point theorems in fuzzy metric space using semicompatible mappings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3126/kuset.v7i1.5418 KUSET 2011; 7(1): 18-27
Existence and uniqueness of continuous solution of mixed type integra equations in cone metric space
Authors: Tidke HL , Aage CT , Salunke JN
Published: October 2011

In this paper we investigate the existence and uniqueness for Volterra-Fredholm type integral equations in cone metric spaces. The result is obtained by using the some extensions of Banach's contraction principle in complete cone metric space. Mathematics Subject Classification: 45N05, 47G20, 34K05, 47H10. Keywords: Cone metric space, Contractive mapping, ordered Banach space. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3126/kuset.v7i1.5421 KUSET 2011; 7(1): 48-55
Common fixed points under Lipschitz type condition
Authors: Pant Vyomesh
Published: October 2011

The present paper is aimed at obtaining common fixed point theorems for a pair of selfmaps satisfying nonexpansive or Lipschitz type condition by using the notion of pointwise R- weak commutativity but without assuming the completeness of the space or continuity of the mappings involved. Mathematics Subject Classification: 54 H 25. Key Words and Phrases: Lipschitz type mapping pairs, nonexpansive conditions, noncompatible mappings, Pointwise R-weak commutativity, contractive conditions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3126/kuset.v7i1.5424 KUSET 2011; 7(1): 74-78
Generalized contraction mapping in probabilistic metric space
Authors: Rahman Shams-ur , Jha K
Published: October 2011

The probabilistic metric space as one of the important generalization of metric space was introduced by K. Menger in 1942. In this paper, we briefly discuss the historical developments of contraction mappings in probabilistic metric space with some fixed point results. Keywords: Fixed point; Distribution function; t-norm; PM space; contraction mapping. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3126/kuset.v7i1.5425 KUSET 2011; 7(1): 79-91
Optimality condition and duality in multi objective programming with generalized (φ,ρ)-univexity
Authors: Ojha Deo Brat
Published: October 2011

In this paper, we extend the classes of generalized type I vector valued functions introduced by Aghezzaf and Hachimi[1] to generalized univex type I vector-valued functions and consider a multiobjective optimization problem involving generalized type I function with (φ,r ) -univexity. A number of Kuhn-Tucker type sufficient optimality conditions are obtained for a feasible solution to be an efficient solution. The Mond-Weir and general Mond-Weir type duality results are also presented. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3126/kuset.v7i1.5427 KUSET 2011; 7(1): 105-112
On the Growth Rate of Non-Enzymatic Molecular Replicators
Authors: Fellermann Harold , Rasmussen Steen
Published: October 2011

It is well known that non-enzymatic template directed molecular replicators X + nO -> 2X exhibit parabolic growth d[X]/dt -> k[X]1/2. Here, we analyze the dependence of the effective replication rate constant k on hybridization energies, temperature, strand length, and sequence composition. First we derive analytical criteria for the replication rate k based on simple thermodynamic arguments. Second we present a Brownian dynamics model for oligonucleotides that allows us to simulate their diffusion and hybridization behavior. The simulation is used to generate and analyze the effect of strand length, temperature, and to some extent sequence composition, on the hybridization rates and the resulting optimal overall rate constant k. Combining the two approaches allows us to semi-analytically depict a replication rate landscape for template directed replicators. The results indicate a clear replication advantage for longer strands at lower temperatures in the regime where the ligation rate is rate limiting. Further the results indicate the existence of an optimal replication rate at the boundary between the two regimes where the ligation rate and the dehybridization rates are rate limiting.
Farmer Health and Adaptive Capacity in the Face of Climate Change and Variability. Part 2: Contexts, Personal Attributes and Behaviors
Authors: Hogan Anthony , Bode Adam , Berry Helen
Published: October 2011

This study extends the emerging body of research on farmer adaptation to climate change, by segmenting farmers on the basis of specific attributes (health, values, belief about climate change, sense of responsibility for climate change, desire to change, social, human and financial capitals and farmer demographics) and considering such attributes as critical social aspects of the contextualized capacity to adapt. The segmental analysis was based on a nationally representative sample of 3,993 farmers concerned with farmer adaptation of climate risks. The resulting data were subjected to two-step cluster analysis to identify homogenous groups of farmers based on factors related to climate change adaptation. A three-cluster solution was identified wherein farmers were distinguishable on the basis of belief in climate change, desire for financial assistance and advice, social connectedness, information seeking, and adverse farm conditions. The largest group (Cluster 1: 55%) was characterized by farmers who recognized being affected by drought and drying and who were actively engaged in adaptive practices, despite the fact that they had little income and poor farm resources. One third of these farmers reported that their health was a barrier to sustained activity in farming. Cluster 2 (26%) was characterized by farmers not readily affected by drying, who enjoyed good incomes, good health and better farming conditions. They expressed little desire to adapt. The smallest cluster (Cluster 3: 19%) was also characterized by farmers who recognized that they were affected by drying. However, despite a desire to adapt, they had very little means to do so. They reported the poorest natural resources and the poorest health, despite being younger. The findings suggest that it is the intent to adapt, starting from where people are at, which is a more important indicator of the capacity to work towards sustainable practices than assets tests alone.
Clarifying Exercise Addiction: Differential Diagnosis, Co-occurring Disorders, and Phases of Addiction
Authors: Freimuth Marilyn , Moniz Sandy , Kim Shari R.
Published: October 2011

This paper sets out to clarify the unique features of exercise addiction. It begins by examining how this addiction can be distinguished from compulsions and impulse control disorders both of which, like an addiction, involve excessive behavior that creates adverse effects. Assessment of exercise addiction also requires that clinicians be attuned to other forms of excessive behavior, especially eating disorders that can co-occur with exercise. Finally in an effort to clarify exercise addiction, this paper uses the four phases of addiction to examine the attributes of exercise that define it as a healthy habit distinct from an addiction. The paper ends with a discussion of the implications of these topics for effective assessment and treatment.
Anti-UVC Irradiation and Metal Chelation Properties of 6-Benzoyl-5,7-dihydroxy-4-phenyl-chromen-2-one: An Implications for Anti-Cataract Agent
Authors: Liao Jiahn-Haur , Wu Tzu-Hua , Hsu Feng-Lin , Huang Yi-Shiang , Chiang Po-Hung , Huang Zih-You , Huang Chi-Hsien , Wu Shih-Hsiung , Lin Mei-Hsiang
Published: October 2011

Coumarin derivative 1, 5,7-dihydroxy-6-(3-methyl-1-butyryl)-4-phenyl-chromen-2-one, has been reported to possess radical scavenging activity and DNA protection. We have synthesized a series of coumarins with structural modifications at positions C4, C5, C6 and C7 and evaluated them for their anti-UVC properties. Coumarin 7, 6-benzoyl-5,6-dihydroxy-4-phenyl-chromen-2-one, was found to have the most potent activity in protecting porcine γ-crystallin against UVC insults. Results of fluorescence assays indicated that compound 7 was capable of decreasing the loss of intensity while lens crystallins and DNA PUC19 were irradiated with UVC. Presence of compound 7 decreased hydroxyl radical levels determined by probe 1b and the free iron concentrations determined by Ferrozine reagent. The chelation assay showed that compound 7 was chelated to metal via 6-CO and 5-OH on the benzopyrone ring. The observed protective effects of compound 7 towards crystallins from insults of UVC and free radicals may be due to its iron-chelating activity and its peak absorption at 254 nm.
Biomarkers in Tumor Angiogenesis and Anti-Angiogenic Therapy
Authors: Pircher Andreas , Hilbe Wolfgang , Heidegger Isabel , Drevs Joachim , Tichelli André , Medinger Michael
Published: October 2011

Tumor angiogenesis has been identified to play a critical role in tumor growth and tumor progression, and is regulated by a balance of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic cytokines. Among them VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and its signaling through its receptors are of crucial relevance. Inhibition of VEGF signaling by monoclonal antibodies or small molecules (kinase inhibitors) has already been successfully established for the treatment of different cancer entities and multiple new drugs are being tested in clinical trials. However not all patients are likely to respond to these therapies, but to date there are no reliable biomarkers available to predict therapy response. Many studies integrated biomarker programs in their study protocols, thus several potential biomarkers have been identified which are currently under clinical investigation in prospective randomized studies. This review intends to give an overview of the described potential biomarkers as well as different imaging techniques such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging that can indicate benefit, resistance and toxicity to anti-angiogenic therapies.
Cardioprotective Effects of Glycyrrhizic Acid Against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Ischemia in Rats
Authors: Haleagrahara Nagaraja , Varkkey Julian , Chakravarthi Srikumar
Published: October 2011

The aim of the present study was to look into the possible protective effects of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) against isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction in Sprague-Dawley rats. The effect of three doses of glycyrrhizic acid in response to isoproterenol (ISO)-induced changes in 8-isoprostane, lipid hydroperoxides, super oxide dismutase and total glutathione were evaluated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, ISO-control, glycyrrhizic acid alone (in three doses-5, 10 and 20 mg/kg BW) and ISO with glycyrrhizic acid (in three doses) groups. ISO was administered at 85 mg/kg BW at two consecutive days and glycyrrhizic acid was administered intraperitoneally for 14 days. There was a significant increase in 8-isoprostane (IP) and lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) level in ISO-control group. A significant decrease in total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total glutathione (GSH) was seen with ISO-induced acute myocardial infarction. Treatment with GA significantly increased SOD and GSH levels and decreased myocardial LPO and IP levels. Histopathologically, severe myocardial necrosis and nuclear pyknosis and hypertrophy were seen in ISO-control group, which was significantly reduced with GA treatment. Gycyrrhizic acid treatment proved to be effective against isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction in rats and GA acts as a powerful antioxidant and reduces the myocardial lipid hydroperoxide and 8-isoprostane level.
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase: Guardian of the Powerhouse
Authors: Holley Aaron K. , Bakthavatchalu Vasudevan , Velez-Roman Joyce M. , St. Clair Daret K.
Published: October 2011

The mitochondrion is vital for many metabolic pathways in the cell, contributing all or important constituent enzymes for diverse functions such as β-oxidation of fatty acids, the urea cycle, the citric acid cycle, and ATP synthesis. The mitochondrion is also a major site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the cell. Aberrant production of mitochondrial ROS can have dramatic effects on cellular function, in part, due to oxidative modification of key metabolic proteins localized in the mitochondrion. The cell is equipped with myriad antioxidant enzyme systems to combat deleterious ROS production in mitochondria, with the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) acting as the chief ROS scavenging enzyme in the cell. Factors that affect the expression and/or the activity of MnSOD, resulting in diminished antioxidant capacity of the cell, can have extraordinary consequences on the overall health of the cell by altering mitochondrial metabolic function, leading to the development and progression of numerous diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which MnSOD protects cells from the harmful effects of overproduction of ROS, in particular, the effects of ROS on mitochondrial metabolic enzymes, may contribute to the development of novel treatments for various diseases in which ROS are an important component.
Mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin III is a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Song In-Sung , Kim Hyoung-Kyu , Jeong Seung-Hun , Lee Sung-Ryul , Kim Nari , Rhee Byoung Doo , Ko Kyung Soo , Han Jin
Published: October 2011

Mitochondria are involved either directly or indirectly in oncogenesis and the alteration of metabolism in cancer cells. Cancer cells contain large numbers of abnormal mitochondria and produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of ROS and the antioxidant capacity of the cell. Several cancer therapies, such as chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation, disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis and release cytochrome c, leading to apoptosome formation, which activates the intrinsic pathway. This is modulated by the extent of mitochondrial oxidative stress. The peroxiredoxin (Prx) system is a cellular defense system against oxidative stress, and mitochondria in cancer cells are known to contain high levels of Prx III. Here, we review accumulating evidence suggesting that mitochondrial oxidative stress is involved in cancer, and discuss the role of the mitochondrial Prx III antioxidant system as a potential target for cancer therapy. We hope that this review will provide the basis for new strategic approaches in the development of effective cancer treatments.
Metal Complexes of Diisopropylthiourea: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Studies
Authors: Ajibade Peter A. , Zulu Nonkululeko H.
Published: October 2011

Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III) complexes of diisopropylthiourea have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, FTIR and electronic spectroscopy. The compounds are non-electrolytes in solution and spectroscopic data of the complexes are consistent with 4-coordinate geometry for the metal(II) complexes and six coordinate octahedral for Fe(III) complex. The complexes were screened for their antibacterial activities against six bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas auriginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus pumilus. The complexes showed varied antibacterial activities and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined.
Roles of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, PGC-1α and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Chen Shang-Der , Yang Ding-I , Lin Tsu-Kung , Shaw Fu-Zen , Liou Chia-Wei , Chuang Yao-Chung
Published: October 2011

The primary physiological function of mitochondria is to generate adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts generated from mitochondria have been implicated in acute brain injuries such as stroke from cerebral ischemia. It was well-documented that mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway involves pro- and anti-apoptotic protein binding, release of cytochrome c, leading ultimately to neuronal death. On the other hand, mitochondria also play a role to counteract the detrimental effects elicited by excessive oxidative stress. Recent studies have revealed that oxidative stress and the redox state of ischemic neurons are also implicated in the signaling pathway that involves peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) co-activator 1α (PGC1-α). PGC1-α is a master regulator of ROS scavenging enzymes including manganese superoxide dismutase 2 and the uncoupling protein 2, both are mitochondrial proteins, and may contribute to neuronal survival. PGC1-α is also involved in mitochondrial biogenesis that is vital for cell survival. Experimental evidence supports the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress as determinants of neuronal death as well as endogenous protective mechanisms after stroke. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying cerebral ischemia involving ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, mitochondrial proteins capable of ROS scavenging, and mitochondrial biogenesis.
Components of Rhizome Extract of Cnidium officinale Makino and Their In vitro Biological Effects
Authors: Bae Ki-Eun , Choi Young-Woong , Kim Sang-Tae , Kim Young-Kyoon
Published: October 2011

The anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of a methanol extract of the rhizome of Cnidium officinale were investigated. Four compounds, namely falcarindiol (1), 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-dihydroligustilide (2), ligustilidiol (3), and senkyunolide H (4) were isolated from the extract of the rhizome of Cnidium officinale and their structures were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data and by comparison with previously reported data. These compounds showed anti-inflammatory activities, measured as inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, with IC50 values of 4.31 ± 5.22, 152.95 ± 4.23, 72.78 ± 5.13, and 173.42 ± 3.22 μM, respectively. They also inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression induced by LPS. Among these compounds, falcarindiol (1) was found to have anti-proliferative effect against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by induction of a G0/G1 cell cycle block of the cells, with an IC50 value of 35.67 μM. Typical apoptotic effects were observed by phase contrast microscopy and were also exhibited in fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33342 staining. In addition, falcarindiol induced apoptosis through strongly increased mRNA expression of Bax and p53, and slightly reduced Bcl-2 mRNA levels in a dose dependent manner. This study suggested that C. officinale extract and its components would be valuable candidates in therapeutic applications for anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents.
Stem Cell Therapy: A New Treatment for Burns?
Authors: Arno Anna , Smith Alexandra H. , Blit Patrick H. , Shehab Mohammed Al , Gauglitz Gerd G. , Jeschke Marc G.
Published: October 2011

Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising new approach in almost every medicine specialty. This vast, heterogeneous family of cells are now both naturally (embryonic and adult stem cells) or artificially obtained (induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs) and their fates have become increasingly controllable, thanks to ongoing research in this passionate new field. We are at the beginning of a new era in medicine, with multiple applications for stem cell therapy, not only as a monotherapy, but also as an adjunct to other strategies, such as organ transplantation or standard drug treatment. Regrettably, serious preclinical concerns remain and differentiation, cell fusion, senescence and signalling crosstalk with growth factors and biomaterials are still challenges for this promising multidisciplinary therapeutic modality. Severe burns have several indications for stem cell therapy, including enhancement of wound healing, replacement of damaged skin and perfect skin regeneration – incorporating skin appendages and reduced fibrosis –, as well as systemic effects, such as inflammation, hypermetabolism and immunosuppression. The aim of this review is to describe well established characteristics of stem cells and to delineate new advances in the stem cell field, in the context of burn injury and wound healing.
Historia de un fracaso: El “himno nacional” en la España del siglo XIX
Authors: Nagore Ferrer María
Published: October 2011

La música, como vehículo susceptible de conmover y transmitir una carga ideológica, siempre ha desempeñado un destacado papel en las movilizaciones sociales. Especialmente relevante, en este sentido, es el papel de la música en la movilización patriótica o política de las sociedades y las culturas, que es una forma de movilización de masas. En el siglo XIX toman mucha fuerza en Europa y América los “himnos nacionales”, coincidiendo con los procesos revolucionarios e independentistas y con la creciente conciencia nacional en los distintos territorios. En España, sin embargo, los diversos intentos de establecer un himno nacional fracasaron. La “marcha real” funcionó de facto como marcha nacional, pero no tuvo el respaldo social ni la carga simbólica suficiente como para constituir un “himno nacional”. En los años 1830-40 muchas voces pidieron que el Himno de Riego fuera proclamado himno nacional; en los años 60, coincidiendo con la guerra de África, compositores como Gabaldá o Chueca escribieron himnos nacionales, incluso se propuso que una cantiga de Alfonso X el Sabio se convirtiera en himno. En 1896 se intentó convertir en himno nacional la marcha de la zarzuela Cádiz, de Chueca. Y todavía en los primeros años del siglo XX hubo muchas voces que insistieron en la necesidad de que España tuviera un himno nacional: en esos años tuvo mucha fuerza la “moda” de los himnos, publicándose en arreglos para piano himnos nacionales de distintos países. En este artículo se explicará este proceso, analizando las causas de estos fracasos tanto desde el punto de vista político-social como musical.
La práctica de una memoria sostenible: El repertorio de las canciones internacionales de la Guerra Civil Española
Authors: Labajo Joaquina
Published: October 2011

Sólo una pequeña parte del amplio número de canciones interpretado por los Voluntarios Internacionales en el bando republicano durante la Guerra Civil española ha conseguido llegar hasta nosotros, si bien transformadas por nuevas exigencias. Este texto pretende profundizar en las estrategias de supervivencia aplicadas a este repertorio, a lo largo de su trayectoria, frente a las políticas culturales de censura y olvido.
Música y política tras el Holocausto: los conciertos de Menuhin en el Berlín de 1947 y sus consecuencias
Authors: Frühauf Tina
Published: October 2011

Entre el 27 de septiembre y el 3 de octubre del 1947, Yehudi Menuhin ofreció seis conciertos en Berlín, dos de ellos con Wilhelm Furtwängler, quien acababa de ser declarado inocente por los tribunales de “desnazificación” en Austria y Alemania. Debido a que el público era alemán y a la participación de Furtwängler, estos conciertos provocaron un fuerte escándalo entre la comunidad judía y la población desplazada de los campos en Alemania, así como entre las comunidades judías en el extranjero. Mi investigación se centra, primero, en el contexto histórico de estos conciertos y, concretamente, la posición de Menuhin y Furtwängler hacia el uno al otro, así como sus respectivos papeles en la Alemania de la postguerra. Posteriormente ofrezco una relación de los acontecimientos de septiembre y octubre de 1947 a través de la mirada de Abraham S. Hyman, asesor legal en Alemania de los Consejeros Americanos sobre Asuntos Judíos (American Advisors on Jewish Affairs). Además, investigo el papel de Yehudi Menuhin y sus biógrafos, en cuanto revelan la complejidad de estos acontecimientos. Finalmente, analizo la recepción de los conciertos a fin de entender las razones que causaron el impacto de ese escándalo. En conclusión, propongo que la organización y objetivos de estos conciertos fueron deficientes porque la política jugó un papel importante en un tiempo en que el pueblo judío estaba sufriendo un duro trauma debido a las consecuencias del Holocausto.
El discurso musical como arma política en la obra de Alejo Carpentier
Authors: Villanueva Abelairas Carlos
Published: October 2011

Alejo Carpentier se dio a conocer como crítico de arte y de música: desde sus trabajos en periódicos y revistas habaneras, siendo miembro activo del grupo ”Minorista”; posteriormente, desde París (1928), en su exilio voluntario de Caracas (1945), o ya incorporado a la revolución castrista (1959), va convirtiendo la crónica, el ensayo histórico o el relato de ficción en un auténtico telón musical de la vida que retrata, como si de una banda sonora se tratara, siempre con clara y didáctica intencionalidad política. Los matices y herramientas de su discurso dependerán del género que manipula: la pura musicología para la deconstrucción del espacio musical (La Música en Cuba); el relato étnico para la fundamentación del afrocubanismo (¡Écue-yamba-o!); el contrapunto de músicas “revolucionarias” (La consagración de la primavera); la crónica de mundos primitivos (Los pasos perdidos), o el puro humor para caricaturizar una dictadura (El recurso del método). Y, siempre, la crónica diaria, usando como maestro el ejemplo, la cita, o la variación musical, intentando transformar la vida, la sociedad, la estética y las personas.
“Juventud, música y política” (Circo Volador: reconstruyendo el tejido social urbano mediante la música en la Ciudad de México)
Authors: Castillo Berthier Héctor
Published: October 2011

La música a través del tiempo nos cuenta cómo es una sociedad en una época y espacio determinado. Es grito, denuncia, identidad, cultura, unión; es juventud y rebeldía. Cada generación tiene su propia música con la que expresa la visión de su ciudad, de su país, del mundo. Igualmente, cada grupo juvenil o tribu urbana tiene su propia música, que los identifica y cohesiona. Este artículo abordará un estudio de caso donde la investigación social aplicada ha logrado, por medio de la música, romper las fronteras sociales y potencializar las habilidades de los jóvenes de escasos recursos en la zona metropolitana de la Ciudad de México, brindándoles un espacio de aprendizaje, profesionalización y expresión donde coinciden y conviven con jóvenes con mayores oportunidades, incidiendo así en la reconstrucción del tejido social.
Las políticas de hibridez y mestizaje en la música popular de los latinos en los Estados Unidos
Authors: Pacini Hernández Deborah
Published: October 2011

Por mucho tiempo, las teorías del mestizaje han sido utilizadas para analizar e interpretar la hibridez de las identidades y culturas latinoamericanas, pero el mestizaje –al igual que sus críticas– no es un concepto adecuado en el caso de los espacios sociales, culturales y políticos que ocupan en los Estados Unidos las comunidades latinas y sus producciones musicales. A través del análisis de las profundas líneas de falla que existen en la intersección de los conceptos latinoamericanos de mestizaje y los conceptos bipolares estadounidenses sobre raza e identidad racial, este ensayo dilucida el impacto concreto y material que estas discrepancias conceptuales tienen en las comunidades latinas estadounidenses y en sus prácticas musicales.
Narraciones españolas del fin del mundo. III. Los cuentos
Authors: Jaureguízar Agustín
Published: October 2011

Después de las novelas laicas y las novelas religiosas, las narraciones del fin del mundo de la “edad de plata” de la literatura española se rematan con las narraciones breves, que cuentan con representantes tan ilustres como Clarín o Azorín. El primero escribe un relato al que se ha llamado El Paraíso revisitado y el segundo una meditación, la del último hombre sobre la Tierra. El tercer cuento, de Blanco Belmonte, tiene menor entidad y se asemeja más a los posteriores relatos que la ciencia ficción ha hecho populares. El cuarto es una brevedad de Edgar Neville, en la estética y el humor de Gómez de la Serna, y el quinto, de Ángeles Vicente, es igualmente breve, aunque más amargo.
Juan Ignacio Molina y la comprensión de la naturaleza del Finis Terrae. Un acercamiento desde la Historia (cultural) de la Ciencia
Authors: Orrego González Francisco
Published: October 2011

El estudio de la obra del jesuita chileno Juan Ignacio Molina (1740-1829), especialmente desde la historiografía chilena, ha acusado una importante miopía crítica respecto del naturalista que constantemente ha sido considerado, con bastante ligereza, como el “primer científico chileno”. La importancia fundamental del exilio como vocación científica, las controversias europeas sobre el Nuevo Mundo y las condiciones institucionales y mecanismos políticos que permitieron el desarrollo del conocimiento científico a fines del siglo XVIII son elementos que no han sido integrados en el análisis de la obra del naturalista chileno quien llegó a integrar la Accademia delle Scienze di Bologna. Por tanto, la propuesta de análisis histórico de este artículo busca romper con la historiografía apologética para presentar la obra y la figura del jesuita chileno en un contexto histórico amplio y que, en un intento de entregar respuestas alternativas, muestra parte de los problemas políticos y epistemológicos que influyeron en la elaboración del pensamiento científico del naturalista chileno.
España y los españoles
Authors: Caba Rubén
Published: October 2011

El autor aporta argumentos en favor de la realidad histórica que llamamos España. Sostiene que reconocer a la Constitución de Cádiz de 1812 como origen de la España política actual no implica que nuestro país careciera de identidad nacional antes del siglo XIX. Y expone la controversia de Américo Castro y de Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz sobre la génesis histórica de España para concluir que, si bien antes de la invasión árabe no había “españoles”, vocablo provenzal del siglo XI como advierte Castro, también es cierto que durante la dominación romana y goda los peninsulares eran “hispani”, como alega con sorna Sánchez-Albornoz. Además, se recogen citas de autores latinos, godos y españoles tanto medievales como renacentistas que testimonian su sentimiento de pertenecer a un viejo país llamado Hispania o España.
Gleysolic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification
Authors: Bedard-Haughn Angela
Published: October 2011

Bedard-Haughn, A. 2011. Gleysolic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 763–779. This review examines the pedogenesis of Gleysolic soils, including how they affect and are affected by land use and climate change. In the Canadian System of Soil Classification, the Gleysolic Order includes all those soils with morphologic features that provide dominant physical evidence of oxidation-reduction processes or gleying. Gley features include dull coloured soil matrices and/or brightly coloured mottles, which arise due to periodic or permanently saturated conditions. Under saturated conditions, oxygen is rapidly depleted and alternative terminal electron acceptors (such as iron, Fe3+) are used by microorganisms in the decomposition of organic matter. Gleysolic soils are found throughout Canada, either in low-lying landscape positions in association with better-drained soil orders (e.g., Prairie Pothole region), or as the dominant soil type where topography and/or a slowly permeable substrate prolong the period of saturation (e.g., Clay Belt of northern Ontario and Quebec). These soils are often highly fertile agricultural land and are commonly drained for production, altering the soil-forming environment. Gleysolic soils have also been found to be potentially significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions due to high levels of denitrification and methanogenesis under their characteristic reducing conditions. Given their economic, ecologic, and environmental significance, further research is required to refine our understanding and classification of Gleysolic soils, particularly with respect to (1) how Gleysols are affected by human- or climate-change-induced changes to the drainage regime (either progressing towards reducing conditions or regressing to a non-redoximorphic state), (2) classification of carbonated and saline Gleysols, and (3) pseudogley versus groundwater Gleysols.
An Overview of Gingival and Periodontal Diseases in 12 to 15 years using Gingivitis and Periodontitis Site Prevalence Index (WHO, 1978)
Authors: Shigli Anand , Deshpande Shobha D , Ravindranath Reddy PV
Published: October 2011

The aim of the study was to overview the gingival and periodontal disease in children and adolescents aged 12 to 15 years in Belgaum city. Visible plaque, gingival bleeding, supragingival and subgingival calculus and periodontal pockets were measured. Examination of buccal, lingual and mesial areas of each tooth was recorded sequentially in both arches using Gingivitis and Periodontitis Site Prevalence Index (WHO, 1978). The prevalence of gingival and periodontal disease was more in males than females and in Hindu population compared to others. The sites affected by gingivitis and periodontitis increased with the age. Periodontal problems were significantly more prevalent in patients with betel nut chewing habit. Visible plaque was most common while periodontal pockets were least common in the adolescents. Age, socioeconomic status, brushing habits and brushing frequency did not affect much to the prevalence of sites of gingivitis and periodontal disease. It was concluded that early diagnosis and preventive measures would surely reduce the growing problem of gingival and periodontal diseases among the children and adolescents.
A Comparative Evaluation of Noninstrumentation Endodontic Techniques with Conventional ZOE Pulpectomy in Deciduous Molars: An in vivo Study
Authors: Agarwal Manisha , Das Usha Mohan , Vishwanath Deepak
Published: October 2011

Pulp exposures secondary to caries are the most common in primary teeth due to the relatively large size of pulp chamber. Pulp in primary teeth is capable of healing, following control of infection and inflammation. Pulpotec and LSTR are the simple noninstrumentation endodontic treatment procedures which are capable of compensating for the inconvenience caused by conventional pulpectomy, and thereby preserve the vitality of the pulp. This study was conducted to assess clinical efficacy of pulpotec and LSTR and compare with that of conventional ZOE pulpectomy at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Around 34 children in the age group of 4 to 9 years with deep carious lesions affecting the pulps of 60 primary mandibular molars were randomly divided into three groups with 20 teeth in each group.

Results

Clinical evaluation was done at 1 month's interval. Both clinical and radiographic evaluations were done at 3, 6 and 12 months. Data obtained was analyzed statistically using Fisher's exact test. The results concluded that pulpotomy and pulpotec could be a good alternative for conventional ZOE pulpectomy. Long-term radiographic evaluations should be undertaken to further strengthen the efficacy of lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) as NIET.
Cephalometric Norms for Indian Adults using Digital Posteroanterior Analysis
Authors: Marianayagam David , Vallathan Ashima
Published: October 2011

Introduction

Facial and radiographic records in orthodontics are based on the profile. Aim of this study is to establish norms from digital posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms for Indian adults.

Materials and methods

The subjects included 45 Indian men and 55 Indian women, mean age 25 to 30 years. Subjects had ideal occlusion and a well-balanced face. About 12 linear measurements were determined using digital radiograph.

Results

There was statistically significant difference between male and female samples. Comparison between the Indian men and women indicated larger measurements for men.

Conclusion

According to these results new PA clinical norms are presented to Indian orthodontists for diagnosis and planning.

Abbreviations

ANS—Anterior nasal spine, A3-B3—Upper and lower canine right side, 3A-3B—Upper and lower canine left side Me—Menton.
Therapeutic Management of Oral Lichen Planus: A Review for the Clinicians
Authors: Kini Raghavendra , Nagaratna DV , Saha Ankit
Published: October 2011

Lichen planus is a chronic, noninfectious, inflammatory disease of skin and mucous membrane. Intraorally the buccal mucosa, tongue and gingiva are the sites commonly involved. It affects women more often than men in a ratio 3:2. It has well-recognized clinical signs and symptoms, the symptoms may range from none, through mild discomfort to severe burning sensation. In comparison with cutaneous form, the oral lesions are more resistant to therapy and are less likely to undergo spontaneous remission.

Treatment is administered mainly to resolve symptoms and discomfort. Choice of treatment may vary from patient to patient depending on the severity of the lesion and systemic condition of the patient. A variety of agents have been employed to treat oral lichen planus, but corticosteroid remains the mainstay of treatment. However, in the recent past, newer drugs like Tacrolimus have shown promising results. In view of fact that there is a risk of malignant transformation of atrophic and erosive forms of oral lichen planus, the patients need to be actively treated and kept on long-term follow-up. This article highlights various agents used in treatment of oral lichen planus, their mechanism of action, dosage and untoward effects.
Determination of land surface heat fluxes over heterogeneous landscape of the Tibetan Plateau by using the MODIS and in situ data
Authors: Ma Y. , Zhong L. , Wang B. , Ma W. , Chen X. , Li M.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. In this study, a parameterization methodology based on MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and in situ data is proposed and tested for deriving the regional surface reflectance, surface temperature, net radiation flux, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux over heterogeneous landscape. As a case study, the methodology was applied to the Tibetan Plateau area. Four images of MODIS data (30 January 2007, 15 April 2007, 1 August 2007 and 25 October 2007) were used in this study for the comparison among winter, spring, summer and autumn. The derived results were also validated by using the "ground truth" measured in the stations of the Tibetan Observation and Research Platform (TORP). The results show that the derived surface variables (surface reflectance and surface temperature) and surface heat fluxes (net radiation flux, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux) in four different seasons over the Tibetan Plateau area are in good accordance with the land surface status. These parameters show a wide range due to the strong contrast of surface features over the Tibetan Plateau. Also, the estimated land surface variables and surface heat fluxes are in good agreement with the ground measurements, and all their absolute percent difference (APD) is less than 10% in the validation sites. It is therefore concluded that the proposed methodology is successful for the retrieval of land surface variables and surface heat fluxes using the MODIS and in situ data over the Tibetan Plateau area. The shortage and further improvement of the methodology were also discussed.
Hygroscopic growth and droplet activation of soot particles: uncoated, succinic or sulfuric acid coated
Authors: Henning S. , Ziese M. , Kiselev A. , Saathoff H. , Möhler O. , Mentel T. F. , Buchholz A. , Spindler C. , Michaud V. , Monier M. , Sellegri K. , Stratmann F.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The hygroscopic growth and droplet activation of uncoated soot particles and such coated with succinic acid and sulfuric acid were investigated during the IN-11 campaign at the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) facility. A GFG-1000 soot generator applying nitrogen, respectively argon as carrier gas and a miniCAST soot generator were utilized to generate soot particles. Different organic carbon (OC) to black carbon (BC) ratios were adjusted for the CAST-soot by varying the fuel to air ratio. The hygroscopic growth was investigated by means of the mobile Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS-mobile) and two different Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzers (HTDMA, VHTDMA). Two Cloud Condensation Nucleus Counter (CCNC) were applied to measure the activation of the particles. For the untreated soot particles neither hygroscopic growth nor activation was observed, with exception of a partial activation of GFG-soot generated with argon as carrier gas. Coatings of succinic acid lead to a detectable hygroscopic growth of GFG-soot and enhanced the activated fraction of GFG- (carrier gas: argon) and CAST-soot, whereas no hygroscopic growth of the coated CAST-soot was found. Sulfuric acid coatings lead to an OC-content dependent hygroscopic growth of CAST-soot. Such a dependence was not observed for activation measurements. Coating with sulfuric acid decreased the amount of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), which were detected by AMS-measurements in the CAST-soot, and increased the amount of substances with lower molecular weight than the initial PAHs. We assume, that these reaction products increased the hygroscopicity of the coated particles in addition to the coating substance itself.
Signature of the 27-day solar rotation cycle in mesospheric OH and H2O observed by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder
Authors: Shapiro A. V. , Rozanov E. , Shapiro A. I. , Wang S. , Egorova T. , Schmutz W. , Peter Th.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The mesospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) is mainly produced by the water vapor (H2O) photolysis and could be considered as a proxy for the influence of the solar irradiance variability on the mesosphere. We analyze the tropical mean response of the mesospheric OH and H2O data as observed by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) to 27-day solar variability. The analysis is performed for two time periods corresponding to the different phases of the 11-yr cycle: from December 2004 to December 2005 ("solar maximum" period with a pronounced 27-day solar cycle) and from November 2008 to November 2009 ("solar minimum" period with a vague 27-day solar cycle). We demonstrate, for the first time, that in the mesosphere the daily time series of OH concentrations correlate well with the solar irradiance (correlation coefficients up to 0.79) at zero time-lag. At the same time H2O anticorrelates (correlation coefficients up to −0.74) with the solar irradiance at non-zero time-lag. We found that the response of OH and H2O to the 27-day variability of the solar irradiance is strong for the solar maximum and negligible for the solar minimum conditions. It allows us to suggest that the 27-day cycle in the solar irradiance and in OH and H2O are physically connected.