bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stomatal density, leaf area and plant size variation of Rhizophora mangle (Malpighiales: Rhizophoraceae) along a salinity gradient in the Mexican Caribbean
Authors: Peel Joanne R. , Mandujano Sanchez Maria C. , Lopez Portillo Jorge , Golubov Jordan
Published: April 2017

In community ecology, the knowledge of abiotic factors, that determine intraspecific variability in ecophysiological and functional traits, is important for addressing major questions, such as plant community assembly and ecosystem functioning. Mangroves have several mechanisms of resistance to salinity and most species exhibit some xeromorphic features in order to conserve water. Leaf area and stomatal density play an important role in maintaining water balance, and gas exchange is regulated by their aperture and density, two traits that vary intraspecifically in response to environmental conditions, such as water stress and salinity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of salinity on stomatal density, leaf area and plant size in R. mangle and we tested for associations among the three variables, across three sites along a natural salinity gradient in the Xel-Há Park, Quintana Roo, Mexico. We hypothesized that high salinity sites would produce smaller plants, with smaller leaves, and fewer stomata. Three sampling sites with different environmental conditions were chosen and salinities were monitored monthly. A total of 542 plants were tagged and tree heights and diameters were measured for each individual within each of the three sampling sites. Three leaves from 20 trees from each site were measured to determine leaf area. Stomatal densities were determined in each leaf using nail polish casts, examining ten 1 mm squares per leaf under an optical microscope. A principal component analysis was used to assess association between tree height, leaf area, and stomatal density for each plot. The salinity gradient was reflected in plant size, producing smaller plants at the higher salinity site. The largest leaves were found at the low salinity site (51.2 ± 24.99 cm2). Leaf length was not correlated to plant size (LL vs. tree height: r= 0.02, P= 0.8205; LL vs. trunk diameter: r= 0.03, P= 0.7336), so we concluded that leaf length is an environmentally plastic trait of red mangroves that may vary as a function of environmental conditions, such as hydric stress caused by elevated salinity. The larger leaves from the low salinity site had lower densities of stomata (65.0 stomata.mm2 SD= 12.3), and increasing salinities did not decrease stomatal density (intermediate salinity site: 73.4 stomata.mm2 SD= 13.5; high salinity site: 74.8 stomata.mm2 SD= 17.3). Our results confirm that stomatal density is inversely related to leaf area (r= -0.29, P < 0.001), especially leaf width (r= -0.31, P < 0.001), and that salinity may increase stomatal density by causing reduction of leaf size.
Comunidades de aves de bosques y pastizales en los afloramientos rocosos aislados del Paraje Tres Cerros, Corrientes, Argentina
Authors: Fandiño Blas , Fernández Juan Manuel , Thomann María Luz , Cajade Rodrigo , Hernando Alejandra Beatriz
Published: April 2017

Isolated rocky outcrops can act as patch habitats that host great biodiversity through the diversity of microhabitats, presence of restricted taxa and the high turnover of species in the patch matrix. The isolated rocky outcrops of Paraje Tres Cerros (ARPTC), Corrientes, Argentina, are a unique landscape in the region and biologically little explored. We conducted a study to describe for the first time the bird community of the forest and grassland of the ARPTC, using 136 lists following the ten species Mackinnon method from the breeding and non-breeding seasons. We evaluated the diversity, trophic guilds and phenology of the species, and compared attributes of grassland and forest communities. The total species richness was 107, with the forest being 1.3 times more diverse than the grassland. Completeness of inventories ranged from 83-90 % in the grassland and 88 to 99 % in the forest. The habitat complementarity was 62 %, indicating the presence of several species exclusive of forest and grassland habitats. The trophic structure of communities showed a good representation of insectivorous birds in both habitats. Frugivorous birds were more frequent in the forest and granivorous birds were more frequent in the grasslands. Due to the arrival of migrant species, both habitats had significantly higher richness in the breeding season than in the non-breeding season. Our results showed similar general aspects and patterns for bird communities and with specific studies for bird communities of rocky outcrops. The present study highlights the importance of the isolated rocky outcrops of Paraje Tres Cerros for the protection of local and regional bird biodiversity and represents a benchmark for the management and the protection of these ecosystems. p>
Estado poblacional de mamíferos terrestres en dos áreas protegidas de la región central occidental de Costa Rica
Authors: Cartín Nuñez Melvin , Carrillo Jiménez Eduardo
Published: April 2017

In the West Central Region of Costa Rica, there are plenty of forests under public and private protection; however, they are increasingly exposed to fragmentation. This is the first report about species richness and the relative abundance of large and medium size terrestrial mammals, in Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological Reserve (ReBAMB) and Nectandra Cloud Forest Reserve (RPN). Our camera trap study was undertaken between April and August, 2008. After 1 620 trap-days, 11 species were identified, nine in ReBAMB and six in RPN. The recorded species in both sites were: Cuniculus paca, Dasyprocta punctata, Nasua narica and Pecari tajacu. Felids were only captured in ReBAMB. The peccary (P. tajacu) was the most abundant mammal within the studied area, in contrast with the apparent absence of species such as white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) and jaguar (Panthera onca). The difference in species composition between both sites was probably consequence of habitat fragmentation, which especially affects RPN. Species as white-lipped peccary and jaguar could be affected, directly or indirectly, by poaching. We propose that a good conservation goal for ReBAMB and due to their ecological importance is to have at least a white-lipped peccary’s population for the next ten years.
Insecticidal effect of the ethanol extract of Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asterales: Asteraceae)
Authors: Da Silva Elizabete Maria , Roel Antonia Railda Roel Railda , Porto Karla Rejane Andrade , Falco Matheus Escobar Falco Escobar , Matias Rosemary Matias
Published: April 2017

Insecticides from plants have been studied as an alternative in agricultural production and in vector control of human diseases. The use of botanical insecticides may cause mortality in different stages, slow growth, infertile adults and decrease in viability of insect eggs. This study aimed to analyze the insecticidal potential of ethanol extract of Baccharis dracunculifolia DC, on Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Noctuidae) and Aedes aegypti L., 1762 (Culicidae).  The botanical material was collected and prepared on February 8th, 2011 on the Fazenda Escola Três Barras (20°33’37.44043" S - 54°32'10.3824" W), Campo Grande, MS. The ethanol extract was prepared from dried leaves obtained of adult plants in a vegetative state at the Chemistry Laboratory of Anhanguera University-Uniderp. The experiments of biological activities were conducted at the Entomology Laboratory of the Catholic University Dom Bosco, in a controlled environment with an average temperature of 25 ºC and photoperiod 12 hr. Experiments with S. frugiperda were conducted from August to October 2014. The collection of A. aegypti eggs was made in January 2014 and the treatments were done from March 10th to 17th, 2014. In the development of S. frugiperda the extract caused effect on caterpillars subjected to treatment at one and 10 days. The larval stage proved to be longer at both ages and pupal weight reduced at 10 days, as well as increased mortality at one day, when incorporated concentration 0.2 % into diet. The variables studied were mortality, larval duration, pupal weight, number and viability of the eggs. The bioassay used A. aedes 3º (third) instar, 25 (twenty five) larvae per concentration, at four replicates. Parameters analysed for sublethal doses were pupal and larval, mortality, length larval and young (larva + pupa) the ethanol extract at concentrations 0.5 mg.mL-1 and 0.25 mg.mL-1. The extract resulted in deleterious effect on the development of caterpillars undergoing treatment in larvae of one and 10 days of age, the larval stage stretching, lower pupal weight in caterpillars 10 days and higher mortality in the group with one day of life. It did not interfere with the viability of eggs. In the life cycle of A. aegypti, the extract of B. dracuncufolia at the studied concentrations caused delay in the development of larval and pupal stages, and inhibited the emergence of adults in 85 % and 70 %. In laboratory conditions it can be said that the ethanol extract of B. dracunculifolia has a potential insecticide effect for both species of insects.
Adaptación acústica del canto de Turdus leucomelas (Passeriformes: Turdidae) a diferentes niveles de ruido antrópico, en el área metropolitana de Belém de Pará, Brasil
Authors: Mendes Solange , Colino-Rabanal Víctor J. , Peris Salvador J.
Published: April 2017

Anthropogenic noise in urban environments is a major challenge for those species that depend on the transmission of acoustic signals to communicate. To avoid being masked by background noise, some bird species are able to make adjustments in their songs. Studies on vocal adjustment for tropical birds are still scarce and are of interest since both the urban structure and the vegetation associated with urban habitats differ significantly with respect to the cities of temperate climates. In this research we studied the changes in the song parameters of the pale-breasted thrush (Turdus leucomelas) in an urban environment of the metropolitan area of Belém (Brazil). To this end, bird songs were recorded and ambient noise was measured between September and November 2008, in three different acoustic environments (urban, suburban and rural) along an urban gradient. The songs of 12 individuals per area were selected (a total of 36). Possible differences between song parameters were analyzed by ANOVAs. To assess the noise impact on bird song, we only considered the spectrum of environmental noise within the range of vocalizations of the species. In general, birds of urban habitats presented songs with higher maximum frequencies and with a wider range of notes, than their counterparts in suburban and rural areas. The differences were more pronounced in relation to rural areas. No differences in the minimum frequencies, the concentration of energy, or the average duration of the notes were found. These results differ from other studies and could possibly indicate variations in the way birds try to succeed in habitats with high ambient noise. It is necessary further exploration on the role of these changes in the effective improvement of intra-specific communication for the species in such environments.
Development of microbial consortia for the management of leaf blight disease of coconut
Authors: Johnson I. , Ramjegathesh R. , Sheela J. , Shoba N. , Maheshwarappa H. P.
Published: April 2017

The leaf blight disease caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is an important foliar disease in coconut that results in a yield reduction of 10–24 per cent in Tamil Nadu, India. In the present study, five Trichoderma viride isolates, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis strains were isolated from the coconut rhizosphere and tested against L. theobromae. P. fluorescens Pf1, B. subtilis (Km1) and T. viride (TNAU) isolates were found highly effective against the leaf blight pathogen under in vitro conditions and hence, all the three antagonists were combined together to develop microbial consortia and tested against leaf blight disease under field conditions. Soil application of microbial consortia formulated using talc as a carrier material at 150 g (50 g each) and 300 g (100 g each) doses at different intervals (quarterly, half-yearly and annually) was evaluated for three years from 2011 to 2013. Among the treatments, the fungicide carbendazim was found to be the most effective against coconut leaf blight. Among the treatments with bioagents, soil application of microbial consortia @ 300 g+5 kg of farm yard manure at quarterly interval/palm/year was the best treatment which was followed by the treatment with TNAU Bacillus subtilis (Bs1) mixture in two locations. Confirmatory results were obtained in similar experiments carried out at two different locations during 2013–2014, too.
Second record of the invasive gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Duméril & Bibron, 1836) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Venezuela
Authors: Señaris Celsa , Rojas-Runjaic Fernando J. M. , Aristeguieta María Matilde , García-Señaris Guillermo
Published: April 2017

Lepidodactylus lugubris is a small gekkonid lizard, predominantly parthenogenetic, with a widespread distribution in Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean islands, continental Asia, and well established exotic populations in the continental America and the Caribbean. Herein, we report the second inland locality for this gecko in Venezuela, extending its distribution ca. 126 km east from the only locality previously reported for the country (Naguanagua, Carabobo state). Based on the first record, the species was introduced in Venezuela at least seven years ago, but until now apparently remains uncommon and localized.
First record of the invasive Brown Anole, Anolis sagrei Duméril & Bibron, 1837 (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae), in South America
Authors: Amador Luis , Ayala-Varela Fernando , Nárvaez Andrea E. , Cruz Keyko , Torres-Carvajal Omar
Published: April 2017

We report the first record of the invasive Brown Anole, Anolis sagrei Duméril & Bibron, 1837, in South America based on nine specimens from Samborondón, Guayas province, Ecuador. We also present some information related to the current distribution in Ecuador, and its possible impacts on native lizard species.
New records and update on the geographic distribution of fifteen species of Lincus Stål, 1867 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) associated with palms and coconut trees in the Neotropics
Authors: Roell Talita , Winter Ingrid C. , Asipuela René , Campos Luiz A.
Published: April 2017

The Neotropical genus Lincus Stål, 1867 is frequently associated with the transmission of diseases to palms and coconut trees (Elaeis guineensis and Cocos nucifera) in commercial plantations in South America. Here we update the geographical distribution of 15 species of Lincus collected in E. guineensis and C. nucifera in the Neotropics. The geographical range of five species is expanded with new countries recorded for L. malevolus and L. styliger, and detailed geographic information is given for the first time for L. lobuliger and L. securiger.
First records of Ocelot Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Carnivora: Felidae) from Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Marinho Paulo Henrique , Feijó Anderson , Gavilan Simone Almeida , Moura Edweslley Otaviano de , Venticinque Eduardo Martins
Published: April 2017

We documented the first reports of Ocelot, Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil. In December 2014, one adult male was road-killed in an Atlantic Forest remnant in São Gonçalo do Amarante municipality. Another three animals were killed by hunters in the Caatinga between 2012 and 2014, in the municipalities of Lajes and Santana do Matos. These records provide important information about the occurrence and distribution and conservation of this mesocarnivore in northeastern South America.
New record of the mangrove rivulid Kryptolebias hermaphroditus Costa, 2011 (Cyprinodontiformes: Cynolebiidae) in the Pará state, northern Brazil
Authors: Guimarães-Costa Auryceia , Schneider Horacio , Sampaio Iracilda
Published: April 2017

The mangrove killifish Kryptolebias herma­phro­ditus is reported to the southeast and northeast regions of Brazil. Recently, a specimen of K. hermaphroditus was collected in a shallow running seawater stream at Ajuruteua beach, Pará state, northern Brazil. This new record is ca. 1,350 km from the nearest previously known occurrence in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. Morphological, molecular, and ecological aspects of this species are described.
Astyanax lineatus (Perugia, 1891) (Characiformes: Characidae): first record in the upper Paraná river basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Fabiane Silva , Vicentin Wagner , Súarez Yzel Rondon
Published: April 2017

Astyanax lineatus was previously known only from the Paraguay river basin and we report the first record from the Paraná river basin near the municipality of Sidrolândia, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. The species was found in Lajeado Stream, a tributary of the Anhanduí River, which belongs to the Pardo River sub-basin of the Paraná river basin.
PRODUCTION, SIZE DISTRIBUTION, AND LENGTH WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP OF LOBSTER LANDED IN THE SOUTH COAST OF YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA
Authors: Aisyah Aisyah , Triharyuni Setiya
Published: April 2017

Lobster is one of the most important fisheries export commodities. An increasing trend of annual production during 1999-2005 was occurred, however a decreasing trend during 2005-2007 was observed. lt is likely that the long lived and slow growing species group do not capable to balance the fishing pressure.
THE ROLE OF COASTAL AND SMALL ISLANDS ZONATION PLAN FOR MANAGEMENT OF MARINE PROTECTED AREA: THE INDONESIAN CASE
Authors: Wiryawan Budy , Taher Amiruddin , Dwisasanti Nina
Published: April 2017

The expansion of coastal and small islands resources utilization and the increasing need to meet international and national commitments to biodiversity conservation have led to an enhanced interest in zonation plan as a tool for integrated coastal management.
REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF WILD BROODSTOCK CORAL TROUT (Plectropomus leopardus)
Authors: Andamari Retno , Suwirya Ketut
Published: April 2017

Coral trout is an important export commodity in many countries in southeast Asia. In Indonesia, the export of grouper currently relies on capture fisheries. To ensure sustainability of the wild catch as well as to develope mariculture, we need to better understand the performance of wild broodstock.
GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION OF THE KAMPAR RIVER'S GIANT FEATHERBACK (Chitala lopis BLEEKER 1851) BASE ON MITOCHONDRIAL DNA ANALYSIS
Authors: Wibowo Arif , Affandi Ridwan , Soewardi Kadarwan , Sudarto Sudarto
Published: April 2017

Although the giant featherback Chitala lopis is an important fish in Kampar River, the population structure has not been investigated. In this study, genetic diversity and population structure of giant featherback were examined using nucleotide sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region for 54 fish collected from Kampar River.
Preconditions of the Post-Theoretical
Authors: Atwood David
Published: April 2017

This article analyzes strategies of periodization both in the contemporary political discourse as well as in the construction of disciplinary identities in the study of religion.
Modified simple decompression in the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome: avoiding ulnar nerve subluxation
Authors: Acioly Marcus André , Soares Amanda Mendes , Almeida Mariana Lopes de , Barbosa Renata , Daxbacher Egon , Carvalho Carlos Henrique
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Objective In this study, we propose a modification to the simple decompression technique that contains the ulnar nerve in the cubital fossa, thus preventing subluxation during forearm flexion movements. Methods Five consecutive patients with leprosy-associated cubital tunnel syndrome underwent surgery with the modified technique between July 2011 and October 2012. Results The most common symptoms were neuropathic pain and sensory changes (both 60%). On the McGowan scale, three patients maintained their preoperative score and two patients improved by two points, while on the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center scale, two patients maintained the same scores, two improved by two points, and one improved by one point. Four patients were able to discontinue corticosteroid use. The mean follow-up time was 25.6 months (range 2-48 months). There were no recurrences or subluxations in the long-term. Conclusion This alternative technique resulted in excellent functional results, as well as successful withdrawal from corticosteroids. Furthermore, it resulted in no ulnar nerve subluxations.
High expression of anti-apoptotic genes in grade I and II meningiomas
Authors: Tirapelli Daniela Pretti da Cunha , Menezes Sarah Bomfim , Franco Indira Maynart , Lustosa Isis Lacrose , Rodrigues Andressa Romualdo , Novais Paulo Cézar , Santiago Antônio César Mendes , Peria Fernanda Maris , Serafini Luciano Neder , Marinho Alexandre Magno da Nóbrega , Carlotti Jr Carlos Gilberto , Colli Benedicto Oscar , Tirapelli Luís Fernando
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT One of the different genetic mechanisms involved in the carcinogenesis of meningiomas is influenced by interactions between proteins that induce and inhibit apoptosis. Objective To evaluate the expression of c-FLIP, XIAP, Bcl-2, caspase 3, 8 and 9, cytochrome c, APAF 1 and Smac/DIABLO genes related to apoptosis pathways. Methods The gene expression was evaluated in 30 meningiomas (WHO grades I and II) and in 10 normal samples (from arachnoid tissue) through PCR-RT. Results The results showed higher expression of anti-apoptotic genes in meningiomas when compared to the control group, which had a low expression of pro-apoptotic genes. Conclusion There is a possible block in the activation of caspases through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in meningiomas. c-FLIP modulates caspase 8 and, by inhibiting its activation due to the lack of connection with the receiver, there is a block to the FAS activation of apoptosis by its extrinsic pathway.
Efficacy of bacterial cellulose membrane for the treatment of lower limbs chronic varicose ulcers: a randomized and controlled trial
Authors: CAVALCANTI LUCIANA MARINS , PINTO FLÁVIA CRISTINA MORONE , OLIVEIRA GLÍCIA MARIA DE , LIMA SALVADOR VILAR CORREIA , AGUIAR JOSÉ LAMARTINE DE ANDRADE , LINS ESDRAS MARQUES
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of Bacterial Cellulose (BC) membrane dressings in the treatment of lower limb venous ulcers. Methods: we carried out a prospective, randomized, controlled study of 25 patients with chronic venous ulcer disease in the lower limbs from the Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service of the Federal University of Pernambuco Hospital and from the Salgado Polyclinic of the County Health Department, Caruaru, Pernambuco. We randomly assigned patients to two groups: control group, receiving dressings with triglyceride oil (11 patients) and experimental group, treated with BC membrane (14 patients). We followed the patients for a period of 120 days. Results: There was a reduction in the wound area in both groups. There were no infections or reactions to the product in any of the groups. Patients in the BC group showed decreased pain and earlier discontinuation of analgesic use. Conclusion: BC membrane can be used as a dressing for the treatment of varicose ulcers of the lower limbs.
Effects of heparin and hyperbaric oxygenation on necrosis reduction in an animal model for degloving injuries
Authors: MENON DOUGLAS NEUMAR , TEIXEIRA LETÍCIA , PAUROSI NATALHA BRISTOT , BARROS MARCIO EDUARDO
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy or with topical and intralesional heparin in an animal model of degloving lesions. Methods: we conducted an experimental study with adult, male Wistar rats submitted to degloving of the left hind limb and divided into four groups according to the treatment: Group 1 (control) - without treatment; Group 2 (Heparin) - intralesional application at the time of surgery and topically, in the postoperative period, with heparin spray 10,000IU/mL; Group 3 (hyperbaric oxygenation) - daily sessions of 30 minutes in a hyperbaric chamber with 100% oxygen and 2 ATA pressure; Group 4 (positive control) - administration of a single dose of 45 mg/kg of intraperitoneal allopurinol. On the seventh day, we killed the animals, removed the cutaneous flaps and measured the total and necrotic areas, as well as computed the percentage of necrotic area. Results: the mean percentage of necrosis in the control group was 56.03%; in the positive control group it was 51.36% (p<0.45); in the heparin group, 42.10% (p<0.07); and in the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group, 31.58% (p<0.01) . Conclusion: both hyperbaric oxygen and heparin therapies were effective in reducing the percentage of necrosis in the model studied, although only the hyperbaric oxygenation showed statistical significance.
PROMESSAS E LIMITES: O SISU E SUA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO NA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Nogueira Cláudio Marques Martins , Nonato Bréscia França , Ribeiro Gustavo Meirelles , Flontino Sandra Regina Dantas
Published: April 2017

RESUMO: Com base em dados disponibilizados pela própria universidade, o artigo investiga as implicações da adesão da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) ao Sistema de Seleção Unificada (Sisu). Analisam-se basicamente três aspectos: o grau de eficiência alcançado na ocupação das vagas oferecidas no Sisu pela instituição, considerando-se os fenômenos da não matrícula de alunos aprovados e da evasão e da mudança de curso de parte dos matriculados; a possível diversificação do alunado em termos da origem geográfica; os possíveis efeitos do Sisu e da chamada Lei de Cotas sobre o perfil social dos alunos atendidos pela instituição. O artigo evidencia que a adesão ao Sisu está produzindo mudanças consideráveis na universidade. Argumenta-se que, para compreendê-las, é necessário considerar que o sistema induz os candidatos a um comportamento mais estratégico e que os submete a uma forte concorrência, inclusive no interior das diferentes modalidades de cotas.
DETECTION OF OCCULT LYMPH NODE TUMOR CELLS IN NODE-NEGATIVE GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: PEREIRA Marina Alessandra , RAMOS Marcus Fernando Kodama Pertille , DIAS Andre Roncon , YAGI Osmar Kenji , FARAJ Sheila Friedrich , ZILBERSTEIN Bruno , CECCONELLO Ivan , MELLO Evandro Sobroza de , RIBEIRO-JR Ulysses
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Background: The presence of lymph nodes metastasis is one of the most important prognostic indicators in gastric cancer. The micrometastases have been studied as prognostic factor in gastric cancer, which are related to decrease overall survival and increased risk of recurrence. However, their identification is limited by conventional methodology, since they can be overlooked after routine staining. Aim: To investigate the presence of occult tumor cells using cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3 immunostaining in gastric cancer patients histologically lymph node negative (pN0) by H&E. Methods: Forty patients (T1-T4N0) submitted to a potentially curative gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy were evaluated. The results for metastases, micrometastases and isolated tumor cells were also associated to clinicopathological characteristics and their impact on stage grouping. Tumor deposits within lymph nodes were defined according to the tumor-node-metastases guidelines (7th TNM). Results: A total of 1439 lymph nodes were obtained (~36 per patient). Tumor cells were detected by immunohistochemistry in 24 lymph nodes from 12 patients (30%). Neoplasic cells were detected as a single or cluster tumor cells. Tumor (p=0.002), venous (p=0.016), lymphatic (p=0.006) and perineural invasions (p=0.04), as well as peritumoral lymphocytic response (p=0.012) were correlated to CK-positive immunostaining tumor cells in originally negative lymph nodes by H&E. The histologic stage of two patients was upstaged from stage IB to stage IIA. Four of the 28 CK-negative patients (14.3%) and three among 12 CK-positive patients (25%) had disease recurrence (p=0.65). Conclusion: The CK-immunostaining is an effective method for detecting occult tumor cells in lymph nodes and may be recommended to precisely determine tumor stage. It may be useful as supplement to H&E routine to provide better pathological staging.
MODIFIED ALVARADO SCORE IN CHILDREN WITH DIAGNOSIS OF APPENDICITIS
Authors: PEYVASTEH Mehran , ASKARPOUR Shahnam , JAVAHERIZADEH Hazhir , BESHARATI Sepideh
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Background: Appendicitis is one of the most common abdominal emergency. Some predictive scoring systems are recommended to decrease the rate of negative appendectomy. Aim: To evaluate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of modified Alvarado score in children who underwent appendectomy. Methods: Four hundred children with initial diagnosis of appendicitis were randomly selected from patients who underwent appendectomy. Modified Alvarado score was used for evaluation of the appendicitis, that was confirmed using histology. Results: Of modified Alvarado score components, anorexia; nausea and vomiting and rebound tenderness were significantly more common in children with positive appendectomy in contrast to patients with negative appendectomy. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for modified Alvarado score were: 91.3%; 38.4%; 87.7%; and 51.2% respectively. Conclusion: Alvarado score has high sensitivity but low specificity for diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children.
STRENGTH TRAINING AND ANABOLIC STEROID DO NOT AFFECT MUSCLE CAPILLARIZATION OF MIDDLE-AGED RATS
Authors: Krause Neto Walter , Gama Eliane Florencio
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Introduction: It is generally accepted that the capillary network decreases with advancing age. The combined effect of resistance training (RT) and testosterone still needs to be elucidated. Objective: This study aimed to measure capillary profile of different skeletal muscles of middle-aged rats undergoing RT and administration of exogenous testosterone. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into five experimental groups: control with 13-month-old rats (SC), control with 16-month-old rats (SE), aged rats + anabolic agent (SA), aged rats + RT (T), and aged rats + RT + anabolic agent (TA). Results: For soleus, the SE group presented a decrease in the percentage of capillaries in comparison to SC group. SA, T, and TA groups had increased capillary volume in comparison to SC. As for the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), SA, T, and TA groups demonstrated lower capillary volume and numeric density in comparison to SC and SE. The EDL of the T and TA groups presented 70% less capillaries than soleus. The numerical and volumetric density and capillary ratio by muscle fiber were not statistically altered by any intervention. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the soleus of the SA, T and TA groups was statistically different from SC group. The soleus CSA was greater in the TA and T groups than in the SC, SE and SA groups, and the EDL CSA was greater in the TA compared to all other groups. The TA group had greater values than the SE, SA, and T groups. Conclusion: The type of intervention used did not affect any variables measured in the capillary profile. However, the use of anabolic steroid and/or RT showed a tendency to decrease the density of capillaries in the EDL.
Impactos das práticas familiares sobre a proficiência em Língua Portuguesa e Matemática no Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Matos Daniel Abud Seabra , Nogueira Maria Alice , Resende Tânia de Freitas , Nogueira Claudio Marques Martins , Alves Maria Teresa Gonzaga
Published: April 2017

Resumo O objetivo do estudo aqui relatado é investigar o impacto de recursos e práticas familiares no desempenho escolar de alunos dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Selecionaram-se 299 alunos que participaram do GERES 2005, aos quais se aplicou um questionário com 145 questões. Empregaram-se métodos quantitativos: modelagem de equações estruturais. Dentre os principais resultados, destaca-se que os fatores capital cultural objetivado, capital informacional, práticas de escrita e interação pais e filhos foram impactados pelo nível socioeconômico; as práticas de escrita foram a variável de maior impacto no desempenho em português; e o capital informacional, o fator de maior impacto em matemática. Ocorreu vantagem significativa das escolas privadas no que se refere à proficiência dos alunos; e a matemática se mostrou mais diretamente dependente do tipo de escola
Old age and physical beauty among elderly women: a conversation between women
Authors: Fin Thais Caroline , Portella Marilene Rodrigues , Scortegagna Silvana Alba
Published: April 2017

Abstract The concern with body care, image, and aesthetics in the context of ideals of beauty is a subject of great interest to people. A descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach was carried out with a group of 60-year-old women, aiming to discover their perception of physical beauty and the meaning addressed to it in old age. The focus group method was used in data collection and analysis. The results indicated that 60-year-old women recognize beauty based on social standards, even if they are from different sociocultural realities. They establish a judgment of taste based on what they perceive as pleasant to see, feel, and observe. The aesthetic experience of an individual reveals a duality of images that are appreciated and depreciated, while beauty in old age means caring for oneself and one's relationships. The results offer evidence for health professionals in the structuring of therapeutic plans and educational actions focused on the aging process, especially in a female context.
A Escolha de Fundos de Ações e o Investidor Individual
Authors: Mendonça Júnior João Antonio de , Campani Carlos Heitor , Leal Ricardo Pereira Câmara
Published: April 2017

Resumo Este artigo propõe um modelo de pontuação para a escolha de fundos de investimento em ações (FIAs) brasileiros de gestão ativa com alfa de Jensen positivo e significativo. Duas medidas de desempenho e oito características dos FIAs foram obtidas entre 2004 e 2014. O conjunto de características é amplo e foi codificado como variáveis binárias. A amostra conta com 1.417 fundos e minimiza o viés de sobrevivência porque inclui FIAs iniciados e encerrados. A pontuação foi estimada por regressão logística binária. Menos de dez por cento dos FIAs apresentaram alfa positivo e significativo. O modelo aponta o desempenho passado como a característica mais importante para selecionar um FIA com alfa significativamente positivo. A gestão independente, o investimento em cotas de outros FIAs e fundos iniciantes ou menos longevos também são importantes nessa seleção. Testes fora da amostra indicam que os FIAs de maior pontuação exibiram alfas significativamente positivos frequentemente e negativos raramente. Os FIAs de maior pontuação superam amiúde carteiras igualmente ponderadas, particularmente quanto ao retorno ajustado ao risco. Há várias indicações de que os gestores profissionais procuram limitar a volatilidade, mesmo que com o sacrifício do retorno. Há implicações relevantes para o investidor individual.
Mudanças na prática de enfermagem para melhorar a segurança do paciente
Authors: Siman Andréia Guerra , Brito Maria José Menezes
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar mudanças na prática de enfermagem com vistas à melhoria da qualidade do cuidado e da segurança do paciente. Método Estudo de caso realizado em uma unidade de internação com profissionais do Núcleo de Segurança do Paciente e equipe de Enfermagem, 31 participantes. Entre maio e dezembro de 2015, foram realizadas entrevistas, observação com registro em diário de campo e análise documental, tendo sido submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Resultados Evidenciaram-se mudanças na prática de enfermagem como a identificação de riscos assistenciais e físicos; destaque para risco de queda, lesão por pressão, com adoção de impressos próprios e uso da escala de Braden; notificação de eventos adversos; identificação do paciente; adoção de protocolos; comunicação eficaz com educação permanente e reuniões de forma multiprofissional. Conclusões Ocorreram mudanças na prática de enfermagem, principalmente voltadas para o gerenciamento dos riscos.
Adaptação de Tibouchina granulosa Submetida à Aplicação de Alumínio
Authors: Freitas Kellem , Teixeira Walquíria , Fagan Evandro , Soares Jérssica
Published: April 2017

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de adaptação de Tibouchina granulosa à aplicação de alumínio. O experimento foi conduzido em câmera de crescimento, utilizando o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos (0 mg, 8 mg, 32 mg, 64 mg e 128 mg L-1 de alumínio) e 7 repetições. As plantas foram influenciadas pela aplicação do alumínio nos primeiros 30 dias, o que ocasionou redução dos pigmentos fotossintéticos. No entanto, aos 45 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos foi verificado efeito positivo do alumínio, a aplicação de 8 mg L-1 proporcionou o incremento de 34%, 71%, 56% e 35% no conteúdo de clorofila a, b, total e carotenoides, respectivamente, em comparação com o tratamento controle. Portanto, houve adaptação das plantas de Tibouchina granulosa à aplicação de alumínio, mostrando também que essa espécie possivelmente pode ser utilizada para reflorestamento de áreas com solos com elevada concentração de alumínio.
Tudo isso que chamamos de formação estética: ressonâncias para a docência
Authors: LOPONTE LUCIANA GRUPPELLI
Published: April 2017

RESUMO O artigo procura lançar um olhar aos sentidos que a palavra "estética" adquire aliada à formação docente em pesquisas educacionais brasileiras. Para compor a paisagem filosófica que dá contorno a este texto, recorre-se especialmente a autores como Foucault e Nietzsche, além de Hermann, Frigério e Pereira, cujos escritos ampliam as perspectivas aliadas à estética e à formação. Em um primeiro momento, são apresentadas análises iniciais sobre levantamento realizado em torno de pesquisas que associam formação estética e docência, do banco de dados da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) de 2006 a 2010, a fim de apreender a emergência de discussões diante da indeterminação de que se trata de uma formação aliada a uma dimensão estética. Na última parte do texto, procura-se dar um contorno mais nítido a experimentações de formação nesse âmbito, não apenas restrita aos docentes vinculados às artes, reivindicando a urgência de que o pensamento sobre formação estética docente contemple as produções artísticas contemporâneas.
Modelos de educação sexual na escola: concepções e práticas de professores do ensino fundamental da rede pública
Authors: VIEIRA PRISCILA MUGNAI , MATSUKURA THELMA SIMÕES
Published: April 2017

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e caracterizar práticas de educação sexual com adolescentes desenvolvidas nas escolas da rede pública, bem como investigar a concepção dos professores envolvidos a respeito do tema. Trata-se de estudo descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, no qual participaram dez professores. Como resultados, identificaram-se duas categorias de análise intituladas modelo biológico-centrado e preventivo e modelo biopsicossocial. Dos professores entrevistados, seis demonstraram utilizar o modelo biológico-centrado e preventivo, e quatro, o modelo biopsicossocial. Conclui-se que permanece a necessidade de avanços, especialmente com relação à autonomia dos indivíduos. A educação sexual a favor da emancipação e da autonomia exige do profissional o reconhecimento da vivência da sexualidade como direito, pois cabe a ele oferecer informações e promover a reflexão entre os adolescentes, de modo esclarecido e consciente, para que façam suas próprias escolhas.
A inclusão escolar de alunos com deficiência: uma leitura baseada em Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: BEZERRA GIOVANI FERREIRA
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Este ensaio tem por objetivo discutir e compreender o processo de inclusão escolar de alunos com deficiência no sistema público de ensino brasileiro, pós-década de 1990, valendo-se de conceitos e (pro)posições teórico-metodológicos de Bourdieu. Como material investigativo da pesquisa, recorre-se aos dados empíricos obtidos em uma pesquisa de campo realizada em uma sala de recursos multifuncionais; aos resultados de pesquisas já produzidas sobre o assunto no Brasil; e, sobretudo, a analogias entre as análises bourdieusianas sobre o sistema de ensino francês e a situação atualmente vivida nas escolas brasileiras, com a incorporação dessa nova clientela. Argumenta-se que a inclusão de estudantes com deficiência na e pelas escolas comuns, embora se apresente como democrática, revela-se seletiva, classificatória e estigmatizante, contribuindo para a reprodução da ordem estabelecida e para a legitimação das desigualdades entre os agentes escolares, o que constitui o processo de exclusão por dentro do sistema escolar.
Prognostic Nomograms Stratify Survival of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Without Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis After Curative Resection
Authors: Fu Yi-Peng , Yi Yong , Huang Jin-Long , Jing Chu-Yu , Sun Jian , Ni Xiao-Chun , Lu Zhu-Feng , Cao Ya , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Qiu Shuang-Jian
Published: April 2017

Background

The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) after curative resection is at variance. We identified the risk factors of poor postoperative prognosis and consequently developed prognostic nomograms generating individual risk of death and recurrence for this subgroup of patients with HCC.

Methods

The risk factors were identified and nomograms were developed based on a retrospective study of 734 patients in the primary cohort who underwent curative resection for HCC from 2010 to 2012. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomograms were determined by concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve and compared with traditional staging systems of HCC. The results were validated in an independent cohort of 349 patients operated at the same institution in 2007.

Results

All of the independent factors for survival in multivariate analysis in the primary cohort were selected into the nomograms. The calibration curve for probability of survival showed good agreement between prediction by nomograms and actual observation. The C-indices of the nomograms for predicting overall survival and recurrence-free survival were 0.755 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.752–0.758) and 0.665 (95% CI, 0.662–0.668), respectively, which were statistically higher than the C-indices of other HCC prognostic models. The results were further confirmed in the validation cohort.

Conclusion

The proposed nomograms resulted in more accurate prognostic prediction for patients with HCC without PVTT after curative resection.
Development and evaluation of ivabradine microspheres for controlled release
Authors: Majeed Abdul , Ranjha Nazar Muhammad , Rasool Muhammad Fawad , Hussain Musaddique
Published: April 2017

The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate controlled release formulations of ivabradine hydrochloride (HCl)-loaded microspheres consisting of Kollicoat MAE 100 P and ethyl cellulose prepared by the oil-in-oil solvent evaporation method. The drug was encapsulated into microspheres by an in situ method by varying the polymer contents. The resultant microspheres were characterized with respect to drug loading, flow properties, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal analysis and release behavior. Chemically stable loaded microspheres were confirmed by FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis and XRD. SEM images showed that the microspheres were spherical with smooth surfaces. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of the drug in pure form and revealed no interaction between the drug and polymers. XRD and DSC were conducted to determine the nature of the drug in drug-loaded microspheres, and the results revealed that the drug was present in amorphous form. The maximum percentage entrapment efficiency was found to be 82 ± 2·11%, and the percentage yield was 89 ± 3·31%. The maximum in vitro drug release was more than 90% for pH 7·4, which demonstrated that drug-loaded formulations had a pH-dependent drug release. Cumulative drug release data were analyzed by using different kinetic models. The Korsmeyer–Peppas equation was used to determine the value of n which follows non-Fickian diffusion.
Impact of traveller information on mode choice behaviour
Authors: Meng Meng , Memon Abdul Ahad , Wong Yiik Diew , Lam Soi-Hoi
Published: April 2017

This paper analysed automobile commuters' mode choice behaviour under the influence of simulated multimodal traveller information by developing two logit models. A combined revealed preference (RP)/stated preference (SP) travel behaviour survey was administered to drivers to gather individual commuters' travel decisions under integrated multimodal traveller information. Two SP scenarios were designed where the first scenario is to test the mode choice preference in a basic situation involving a congested work/school trip with information on several travel options, and the second scenario is to investigate the mode choice decision when certain incentives are given for public transport. Results showed that integrated multimodal traveller information can influence a traveller's mode choice decision. The influencing factors that significantly affect the mode choice decision include socio-economic characteristics – for example, gender, age, level of education and level of income – and multimodal traveller information attributes – for example, access mode to mass rapid transit (MRT) station, access time to MRT station and transit seat availability. The findings are useful to traffic management agencies for designing better operational policy and information publication strategies.
Descriptive study of autopsies in the Atlantic and Magdalena departments/Estudio descriptivo de las autopsias en los departamentos Atlántico y Magdalena
Authors: Mebarak Chams Moisés Roberto , De Castro Alberto , Polo Vargas Jean David , Morales Lopez Mabel , Villabona Diego , Rodriguez Vargas Juan Carlos , Tovar Castro Juan Camilo
Published: April 2017

The present study is aimed to determine some epidemiological aspects related to homicides committed by hired killers with firearms. We conducted a data collection survey of historical records from the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences. The sample (n = 310) is composed of homicide victims in 2007 in the departments of Atlántico and Magdalena. We found that 93.5 % of the victims were male. Most of the victims (38.7 %) were found in the age range between 21 and 30 years old. A high percentage (32.9 %) of the victims were unmar- ried. The most common racial trait was the “mestizo” (94.2 %). A percentage of 48.4 % of the victims had a height between 161 and 170 cms. The days with higher incidence of killings were Mondays (19 %) and Fridays (18.4 %). The places where most of the murders happened were “in public” places with a percentage of 33.2 %. The most common number of bullet impacts was “2” with a 21.3 %. The most common body region impacted was on the head. Finally the paper presents the findings of the study.