bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demographic and Clinical Features in Patients with Mitral Insufficiency of Ischemic Genesis
Authors: Rudenko S. A. , Potashev S. V. , Rudenko A. V.
Published: July 2020

Myocardial infarction is often associated with ischemic mitral regurgitation. In most patients, ischemic mitral regurgitation develops gradually due to remodeling of the ischemic myocardium and changes in hemodynamics in the left ventricle. Ischemic mitral regurgitation is associated with heart diseases and mortality and is therefore considered an unfavorable prognostic factor.

The aim. To study the features of demographic data and the clinical condition of patients with mitral regurgitation of ischemic genesis.

Materials and methods. From January 2012 to December 2019, 292 patients with ischemic mitral insufficiency underwent surgical intervention at the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the NAMS of Ukraine.

Results and Discussion. Among patients with mitral regurgitation of ischemic genesis, the majority are men (78.8%). Women suffer from this pathology much less often (21.2%). The mean age of patients with mitral regurgitation of ischemic genesis was 61.9 ± 8.2 years. The proportion of patients with hypertension was almost half of the total number of patients. Every fourth patient suffered from diabetes mellitus (25.7%). In this group, 64.1% (187) patients had a history of myocardial infarction. The majority of patients, 49.3% (144), sought surgery after the first myocardial infarction, 11.0% (32) – after the second heart attack, and in 11 (3.8%) mitral regurgitation occurred only after the third heart attack. Shortness of breath complaints were reported in 249 (85.3%) patients. In most cases (61.3%), shortness of breath occurred only during exercise. Another 70 (24.0%) patients suffered from it even at rest. In this group, 55.1% of patients were classified as NYHA class III–IV. The functional status of 57 (19.5%) patients was so impaired that they were classified as NYHA class IV; 23.6% (69) of patients suffered from IIb degree, and one patient from III degree chronic circulatory insufficiency.

Conclusions. Mitral regurgitation of ischemic genesis occurs more often in men (78.8%) of working age (61.1 ± 8.4 years). It leads to a significant reduction in functional status (55.1% of patients were classified as NYHA class III–IV) and physical activity (53.8%). Among the comorbidities, hypertension (47.3%) and diabetes mellitus (25.7%) are the most common.
Conversion Therapy. Pros and Cons. Discussion
Authors: Г. С. Кочарян
Published: July 2020

The article discusses the arguments on the basis of which conversion therapy is declared unacceptable: the congenitality of homosexuality, which is akin to signs of national and racial affiliation, the ineffectiveness of this therapy, and the harm it invariably causes to health. Scientific data are presented that completely refute these arguments. It is concluded that the aspiration to prohibit conversion therapy is an unprecedented and unjustified attack on human rights.
Insemination with Man’s Sperm: Results of Fertility Recovery in Married Couples with Male Infertility
Authors: І. І. Горпинченко  , Ю. М. Гурженко  , А. О. Куценко
Published: July 2020

The paper analized the results of reproductive function restoration in 140 married couples with male infertility, which passed the program of insemination with man’s sperm in 2013–2015 at the Institute of Reproductive Medicine (Kyiv). It was found that the number of pregnancies and childbirths after 3 attemps (420 cycles) with an interval of 3–5 months was reached in 17,0±1,8% and 15,0±1,8% cases, respectively. The presence of a linear relationship between the fact of fertility recovery and factors such as the woman’s age, duration of non-set of natural pregnancy, and the response of the ovulatory function to stimulation was confirmed. The influence of the spermogram indicators on the result is objectified: the type of pathospermia, the concentration of sperm, which is inversely dependent on the presence of predictors and determinants that burden the general condition of the man, as well as the percentage of actively moving sperm fractions.
Results of Application of Predictors of Inflammation in Patients with Urolithiasis
Authors: Г. В. Бачурін  , Ю. С. Коломоєць
Published: July 2020

Despite the progress in the study of urolithiasis, the problem of the occurrence of this pathology remains one of the most complex and not yet fully resolved. In terms of prevalence, this pathology inUkrainetakes the second place among all urological diseases. Among the adult population of the planet, urolithiasis is observed in more than 4 %. InUkraine, approximately 7 % of the adult population suffer from urolithiasis. The growth rate of the incidence is 0,16–0,22, and the incidence rate is 30–40 % of the entire urological pathology, which indicates an unfavorable prognosis regarding the further spread of this disease. Joining an infection, which exacerbates the disease and worsens the prognosis, is observed in almost 70 %. Early diagnosis, timely diagnosis and determination of treatment for urolithiasis play a large role in the final result of the disease.The objective: was to determine the effectiveness of the use of inflammation predictors in patients with urolithiasis and to model further treatment tactics.Materials and methods. The publication provides a thorough and detailed analysis of the results of the examination of 70 patients with urolithiasis, who, according to the standard of care, underwent a complete urological examination. All patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I included 36 patients who underwent conservative therapy. The second group consisted of 34 patients who underwent surgery.Results. When analyzing the results of peripheral blood in two groups, no significant differences were found (P>0,05). That is why, the analysis of these indicators was carried out with an additional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of urine with mandatory consideration of the clinical picture of the disease. According to the results of the study, the indicators of markers of early damage to the kidneys were more informative than general laboratory ones and indicated the presence of signs of an infectious and inflammatory process in the first 12–24 hours.Conclusion. As a result of a clinical study, it was proved that the use of predictors of inflammation, as a diagnostic criterion for an infectious and inflammatory process, is a valuable clinical tool for urolithiasis, which in more than 50 % of cases, even before the appearance of general clinical and laboratory changes, indicates the development of the inflammatory process and impaired renal function in the first 12–24 hours. Thanks to the study, it was possible to develop an algorithm for examining and choosing a method for treating patients with urolithiasis.
The Study of the Functional State of Rat’s Kidneys in Acute Pyelonephritis Against Diabetes Mellitus under Conditions of Drug Exposure in an Experiment
Authors: С. О. Борисов  , О. М. Колосов  , Ф. І. Костєв  , О. В. Борисов
Published: July 2020

The most sensitive indicators of the functional state of the kidneys are the glomerular filtration rate and the level of creatinine in the blood, which is practically independent of extrarenal factors and does not lend itself to significant daily fluctuations. The search for new possibilities of correcting drug exposure on the course of acute pyelonephritis and concomitant diabetes mellitus seems to be promising in order to prevent the development of pathomorphological changes in functional renal disorders. Evaluation of the effectiveness of etiotropic drug exposure to drugs and their combination with the pathogenetic effect on the creatinine content in blood plasma and urine and its clearance in acute pyelonephritis and concomitant diabetes mellitus type I and II in the experimental conditions was the aim of our study. The obtained experimental data revealed a more pronounced increase in creatinine in blood plasma compared with its content in urine: in blood plasma by 83.6 % and in urine by 25.1 %, respectively, in relation to the norm, which indicates a significant decrease in glomerular level filtering. The clearance of cretinin in acute pyelonephritis was reduced by 15.2 %, and with concomitant diabetes mellitus, more distinct changes were observed, for type II diabetes there was a decrease of 27.3 %, and for type I diabetes by 36.4 % in relation to normal. The use of etiotropic exposure for type I and II diabetes contributed to a moderate improvement in this indicator, and the use of ethiopathogenetic effects caused a significant increase in creatinine clearance, the level of which differed from normal only by 9.1 % in type II diabetes and by 15.2 % with type I diabetes. Etio-pathogenetic drug intervention has led to the prevention and deterrence of nephrosclerotic changes, which should be associated with the complex effect of antibacterial, membrane-protective and metabolism correcting effects.
Response of some physiological components of cotton to surface and subsurface drip irrigation using different irrigation water levels
Authors: ÇETİN Öner
Published: July 2020

This study was carried out to determine the leaf water potential (LWP), stomatal conductance (SC) and leaf area index (LAI) of cotton crop using subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI) and surface drip irrigation (SDI) and different irrigation water levels based on the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (PM) during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. The critical LWPs in vegetative period, flowering stage and boll formation stage in SDI for irigation time were -24, -23 and -24 bar, respectively. Considering the same putting in order for the crop development stages in SSDI-40 cm, those were -23, -23 and -24 bar, respectively. The values of LWP in SSDI-30 cm were the same levels in SSD-40 cm. LWP in the boll formation stage were, in general, lower (bigger in minus numerical number) compared to the first two development stages of the crop. The critical SCs in vegetative period, flowering stage and boll formation stage in SDI were 312.8, 201.8 and 198.9 mmol m-2 s-1, respectively. The values of SC in the same putting in order for the crop development stages in SSDI-30 cm and SSDI-40 cm were 368.8, 182.6 and 221.8 mmol m-2 s-1; and 371.7, 185.9 and 186.8 mmol m-2 s-1, respectively. SC decreased from the vegetative period through generative period of the crop. The SCs increased together with increasing amount of irrigation water and it decreased with increasing water stress conditions. The LAIs were 2.99, 3.11 and 3.45 in SDI, SSDI-30 cm and SSDI-40 cm, respectively. The values of LAI increased from the surface drip irrigation and lower irrigation water level applied through subsurface drip irrigation and highest level of amount of irrigation water. Although some plant physiological indicators such as LWP and SC might be used for irrigation scheduling and irrigation time, these indicators are highly affected by soil water status, temperature, light, air humidity and calibration of the devices used.
Perangkat Sumber Daya Manusia (Brainware)
Authors: ayun Qurrata
Published: July 2020

perangkat sumber daya manusia adalah orang yang menggunakan atau mengoperasikan sebuah perangkat komputer. Dengan kata lain, brainware adalah seorang manusia yang memiliki kemampuan dalam menggunakan komputer. Brainware sering juga disebut sebagai perangkat intelektual yang memakai dan menjelajahi kemampuan hardware(perangkat keras) ataupun software(perangkat lunak). Dalam sistem komputer, brainware menjadi hal yang sangat penting dan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari hardware dan software
Sumberdaya
Authors: Larasati Aulya Triya
Published: July 2020

Perangkat sumber daya manusia adalah orang yang menggunakan atau mengoperasikan sebuah perangkat komputer.Dengan kata lain, perangkat sumber daya manusia adalah seorang manusia yang memiliki kemampuan dalam menggunakan komputer. Perangkat sumber daya manusia juga sering disebut sebagai perangkat intelektual yang memakai dan menjelajahi kemampuan perangkat keras ataupun perangkat lunak. Perangkat sumber daya manusia menjadi bagian terpenting dalam menjalankan atau mengoperasikan sebuah perangkat komputer. Istilah yang digunakan untuk manusia yang berhubungan dengan komputer adalah Brainware. Brainware terdiri dari programmer, system analis, Administrator, Teknisi Hardware, teknisi jaringan dan web master.
Perangkat Sumber Daya Manusia
Authors: febrianti Debby
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPerangkat Sumber Daya Manusia adalah bagian terpenting dari komponen sistem informasi dalam dunia bisnis yang dikenal sebagai sistem informasi manajemen. Komponen perangkat sumber daya ini merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dengan komponen lainnya di dalam suatu sistem informasi sebagai hasil dari perencanaan, analisis, perancangan, dan strategi implementasi yang didasarkan pada komunikasi diantara sumber daya manusia yang terlibat dalam suatu organisasi.perangkat sumber daya manusia adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk manusia yang berhubungan dengan sistem komputer. Manusia merupakan suatu elemen dari sistem komputer. Manusia adalah yang merancang bagaimana suatu mesin dapat bekerja sesuai dengan hasil yang diinginkannya. Atau perangkat sunber daya manusia adalah setiap orang yang terlibat dalam kegiatan pemanfaatan komputer/ sistem pengolahan data.Kata kunci : Perangkat sumber daya manusiaAbstractHuman Resource Tools are the most important part of the information system component in the business world known as management information systems. This component of the resource set is an inseparable part of the other components in an information system as a result of planning, analysis, design, and implementation strategies based on communication between the human resources involved in an organization. for humans related to computer systems. Humans are elements of a computer system. Humans are those who choose a machine that can be used in accordance with the desired results. Or a human resource sunber is anyone who is involved in computer / data processing system utilization activities.Keywords: Human resource devices
PERANGKAT SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA
Authors: Rahayu Dwita Azra
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPerangkat sumber daya manusia menjadi bagian terpenting dari sebuah sistem komputasidalam menjalankan dan mengoperasikan komputer. Istilah yang digunakan untuk manusiayang berhubungan dengan komputer adalah brainware. Manusia adalah suatu elemen darisistem komputer yang merancang dan mengoperasikan agar suatu sistem dapat bekerja sesuaidengan hasil yang diinginkan. Brainware dapat diartikan sebagai perangkat intelektual ataudalam hal ini otak manusia yang mengoperasikan dan mengesplorasi kemampuan darihardware dan software yang ada. Brainware terdiri dari Programer, Sistem Analis,Administrator, Teknisi hardware, Teknisi Jaringan dan Web master.Kata Kunci : Perangkat Sumber Daya ManusiaAbstractHuman resource devices become the most important part of a computing system in runningand operating computers. The term used for humans related to computers is brainware.Humans are an element of a computer system that designs and operates so that a system canwork in accordance with the desired results. Brainware can be interpreted as an intellectualdevice or in this case the human brain that operates and explores the capabilities of existingharware and software. Brainware consists of Programmers, System Analysts, Administrators,Hardware Technicians, Network Technicians and Web Masters.Keywords: Human resource device
Brainware
Authors: Wati Lisa
Published: July 2020

Information systems can be defined as components consisting of elements that are interconnected to form a single unit to carry out a basic goal of the system. The three elements consist of hardware, software, and users (brainware). Hardware without software will not mean anything, both hardware and software also cannot function if there are no humans operating them. Brainware is humans who are involved in operating and managing systems in computers. Also interpreted as an intellectual device that operates and explores the capabilities of hardware and software. In the information systems is the human aspect that handles the computerization process. Keyworsd : Human resource device, BrainwareAbstrakSistem informasi dapat didefinisikan sebagai komponen yang terdiri dari elemen-elemen yang saling berhubungan membentuk satu kesatuan untuk melaksanakan suatu tujuan pokok dari sistem tersebut. Ketiga elemen tersebut terdiri dari perangkat keras (hardware), perangkat lunak (software), dan pengguna (brainware). Perangkat keras tanpa perangkat lunak tidak akan berarti apa-apa, kedua perangkat keras dan lunak juga tidak dapat berfungsi jika tidak ada manusia yang mengoperasikannya. Brainware adalah manusia yang terlibat dalam mengoperasikan serta mengatur sistem di dalam komputer. Diartikan juga sebagai perangkat intelektual yang mengoperasikan dan mengeksplorasi kemampuan dari hardware maupun software. Di dalam sistem informasi adalah aspek manusia yang menangani proses komputerisasi. Kata kunci : Perangkat sumber daya manusia, Brainware
The Impact of the Certainty of Information on COVID-19 Attitudes in Spanish University Teachers and Students
Authors: De La Vega Ricardo , Barquin Roberto Ruíz , Boros Szilvia , Szabo Attila
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic affects the whole world. Spain is one of the most affected nations. Prevention via information that fosters knowledge, reasonable concern, control and personal care is the most effective means to slow down the pandemic. In this intervention study we assessed extant knowledge, concern, control and care about the COVID-19 in 111 Spanish university teachers and students. Subsequently, we randomly assigned them to two groups. One group (n = 53) received uncertain information about the current measures of prevention whereas the other group (n = 58) received certain information. A group by time interaction revealed that the ‘certain information’ group reported immediately increased personal care about the pandemic. These findings suggest that measures known to be effective in COVID-19 prevention should be communicated with certainty (i.e. must be convincing) to influence people’s attitudes through the schematic organization of new information.
Depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in different regions in Germany.
Authors: Schelhorn Iris , Ecker Angelika , Bereznai Judith , Tran Thomy , Rehm Stefan , Lugo Ricardo , Sütterlin Stefan , Kinateder Max , Shiban Youssef
Published: July 2020

Since the first COVID-19 case was diagnosed in Germany, various lockdown measures were imposed across the country that likely had a large impact on psychological well-being. In the current study, we investigate depressive symptoms as depression is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease and potentially life-threatening. This study reports on a dataset that was collected between April 8 and June 1 2020 through an online survey in several German states. More than 2000 individuals took part in the survey measuring depressive symptoms (as defined in ICD-10). Similar to recent observations from Italy and China, severe depressive symptoms reported were relatively high. Especially younger adults and females reported more severe symptoms compared to other groups. In conclusion, we need to prepare for increased need of psychological services, availability and accessibility already parallel with imposing restrictive measures.
Decisions and mechanisms of intergroup bias in children’s third-party punishment
Authors: Gonzalez-Gadea Maria Luz , Dominguez Antonella , Petroni Agustin
Published: July 2020

Children tend to punish norm transgressions, even when they are mere external observers—a phenomenon known as Third-Party Punishment (TPP). This behavior is influenced by intergroup bias, as children unevenly punish ingroup and outgroup members. Here, we explored the influence of intergroup bias in TPP decisions in children between six and 11 years of age (N=124) using costly versus non-costly decisions while measuring response times as a proxy of the mechanisms underlying intergroup bias in TPP. Our results showed that children exhibited two types of intergroup biases: (i) an ingroup policing bias, as they preferentially punished selfish behavior from ingroup members, and (ii) an ingroup protectionism bias, as they were more willing to punish selfishness directed at ingroup members than outgroup members. We observed different developmental trajectories and mechanisms associated with these biases. First, while ingroup protectionism was present in all children, ingroup policing decreases with age and it was absent in children between 10 and 11 years of age. Second, both intergroup biases were associated with deliberative/conflictive processes. These results shed light on the mechanisms that underlie the development of intergroup bias in TPP decisions.
Flexibility of emerging face categorization at different levels of abstraction.
Authors: Santo Miguel Granja Espirito , Wagemans Johan
Published: July 2020

Categorization of visual stimuli at different levels of abstraction relies on the encoding of relevant diagnostic features present at different spatial scales. We used the Eidolon Factory, an image-manipulation algorithm that introduces random disarray fields across spatial scales, to study how such a process flexibly combines perceptual information to perform successful categorization depending on task demands. Images of animal faces, human faces and everyday objects were disarrayed coherently (random fields correlated) or incoherently (random fields randomized) to create a family of 50 eidolons per stimulus image with increasing disarray. Participants (N = 243) viewed each family of eidolons in a smooth sequence from maximum disarray to no disarray and performed a category verification task either at the superordinate (any face type) or basic (human face only) levels at two levels of uncertainty: Participants in one group used their gut feeling to respond, while another group had to be sure of their decision. When participants used their gut feeling to respond, we observed a superordinate-level advantage. When they were sure of their response, we observed a basic-level advantage. Coherently disarrayed sequences impaired target detection compared to incoherently disarrayed sequences for both levels of response certainty. Furthermore, participants’ sensitivity in the Any Face condition increased when they observed coherently disarrayed sequences and had to be sure of their response. These results suggest that the visual system does not strictly adhere to feedforward processing but flexibly adjusts to the relevant perceptual information depending on task context.
Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Urine Culture Isolates from Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre in Lalitpur
Authors: Manandhar Ruchee , Raghubanshi Bijendra Raj , Mahato Moni , Neupane Sweekrity , Lama Rajni
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a microbial infection of the urinary system involving the urinary tract anywhere from kidney to urethra. It is one of the most common bacterial infections affecting men and women in developing countries with a high rate of morbidity and financial cost.

Objectives: The objective of our study is to study the prevalence of UTI in patients attending KIST Medical College & Teaching Hospital (KISTMCTH), and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria thus isolated.

Methodology: A total of 3742 urine samples from patients suspected of urinary tract infections presenting with the history and symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection, attending various departments of KISTMCTH from April 2017 to April 2018 were studied. Isolates were identified by standard microbiological methods and tested for in vitro antibiotic susceptibility by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.

Results: Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 646 out of 3742 urine samples (17.26%). Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria isolated (67.02%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.5%). Other bacteria isolated were Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeurigenosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Satphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative staphylococcus spp, Proteus vulgaris, Acinetobacter spp, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter diversus and Enterobacter spp. The isolated pathogenic bacterias were most resistant to Ampicillin (46.43%) and least resistant to Imipenem (6.03%). However, the first line antibiotic the bacterias were least resistant to was cefotaxime (7.12%).

Conclusions: Marked resistance has been observed with commonly prescribed antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin. Therefore, studies should be conducted routinely to identify the common bacteria causing UTI and formulate appropriate antibiotic policy.
Clinical and Laboratory Profile and Therapeutic Response of Scrub Typhus in Children in a Tertiary Care Centre in Nepal
Authors: Agrawal Sumit , Subedi Krishna Hari , Shah Rajesh Kumar , Jha Santoshanand , Pun Sher Bahadur
Published: July 2020

Introduction Scrub typhus is the most common ricketisial infection from the Indian subcontinent. It is caused by the organism Orienta tsutsugamushi inhabiting in trombiculid mites and transmitied to humans by the bite of these mites. The disease has a variety of clinical manifestations in children. As this is a common disease in our country so a retrospective study was conducted to study the clinical and laboratory profile and therapeutic outcomes of scrub typhus in children.

Methodology A retrospective study was conducted at Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious disease Hospital, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal after obtaining ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee, and reviewing the medical records of serologically confirmed scrub typhus in children aged less than 14 years admitted to the hospital between March 2017 and February 2018. Relevant data were entered in excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS 20.

Result A total of 20 children were enrolled in the study. Of them 70% were female, with the mean age being 11.45 ± 3.1 years (range 3-14 years) and majority were from Dhading district (40%). All the children had fever; while there was cough, loss of appetite, rashes, headache, myalgia, arthralgia and hepatosplenomegaly in 45%, 90%, 20%, 55%, 35%, 35% and 30% of children respectively. There was thrombocytopenia in 50% of children; while hyponatremia, elevation of SGOT and SGPT was present in 30%, 70% and 55% of patients respectively. Azithromycin was used for treatment in 95% of children and all had defervescence of fever.

Conclusion Scrub typhus should be suspected in children having prolonged fever with organomegaly, thrombocytopenia and elevated transaminases. Azithromycin can be used effectively in children diagnosed as scrub typhus.
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Pregnancies with Small for Gestational Age Fetus at BPKIHS
Authors: Shrestha Ramesh , Bhandari Sangeeta , Basnet Pritha , Manandhar Tara , Thapa Baburam Dixit , Shrestha Sapana , Kafle Shyam Prasad
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) is defined by a birth weight below the 10th percentile for mean weight corrected for gestational age. It is associated with adverse health events throughout life, including substantial perinatal morbidity and mortality rates.

Objectives: The aims of the study was to estimate the prevalence of the SGA newborns, attributable factors for SGA and perinatal outcomes of SGA.

Methodology: A hospital based prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women after 28 weeks' gestational age in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BPKIHS, Dharan from October, 2016 to June, 2017.A total of 150 study population was sampled using purposive sampling technique whose symphysio-fundal height lags the gestational age by four cms. The association for risk factors between the various socio-demographic parameters and SGA was analysed using chi-square test for categorical data and t-Test for continuous data with p value<0.05 considered as significant. The mothers and babies were followed up till discharge from the hospital for outcomes.

Result: There was a total of 140 SGA with 10 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses among 6,500 hospital deliveries above 28 weeks' gestation, hence the prevalence was 2.15%. The risk factors for very small for gestational age were history of birth of SGA fetus (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.15-1.35); history of recurrent pregnancy loss (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.15-1.35); personal history of substances abuse in the index pregnancy (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.47-1.92); adverse obstetrics or medical events in the index pregnancy (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.10-4.45); high blood pressure at admission (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.96- 2.59) and significant urinary proteinuria (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.00-5.09).SGA newborns correlated with increased risk of operative delivery and adverse perinatal outcomes, including oligohydramnios, low Apgar scores, resuscitation at birth, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit or nursery, metabolic complications and fetal death.

Conclusions: SGA have distinct modifiable risk factors and mortality patterns suggesting potential implications for public health and urgent need to intervene with effective interventions.
Compliance and Visual Outcome Of “Treat-And-Extend” Versus “Pro Re Nata”Dosing of Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration – A Perspective From a Developing Country
Authors: Joshi Kriti , KC Anadi Khatri , Rijal Roshija Khanal , Rai Salma KC , Lammichane Gyanendra , Yadav Roshan Dev
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Age- related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the commonest cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment in elderly, aged50 years or older contributing 8.7% of global blindness. Among the two types: “dry” and “wet”, the “wet” variant is treated using anti-VEGFs, mainly via two regimen – PRN or TREX.

Objective: To study and compare the compliance, cost and visual outcome of “Treat-and- Extend (TREX)”versus “Pro Re Nata(PRN)” dosing of intravitrealbevacizumab in Wet AMD.

Methodology: Sixty-four eyes of 64 patients with treatment naïve neovascular AMD were included and randomly divided into two groups, with each group comprising 32 eyes, by lottery system: “Group A [TREX]” and “Group B [PRN]”. Group A was treated with intravitrealbevacizumab [1.25mg/0.05ml] at presentation and at 1-month interval for 3 consecutive months [loading dose] and monthly till dry macula was obtained. Group B was treated with the same in “as needed” basis.Both Groups were followed up, for 1 year.

Results Mean gain in visual acuity in the PRN group was 0.09 +/- 0.35 log MAR unit and in TREX, it was 0.14 +/- 0.3 log MAR unit within the period of 1 year.64% of the patients were compliant in TREX and 36% moderately complaint whereas in the PRN group, 24% were compliant, 60% moderately compliant and 16% noncompliant. Average hospital cost in PRN and TREX was NRs. 16, 170 (USD 149) and 23,785(USD 220) respectively.

Conclusion: Compliance and visual outcome were better in TREX in comparison toPRN at 1 year of treatment with intravitrealbevacizumab for Wet AMD.
The “Blind Spot” of Plagiarism: A Study on Plagiarism in the Articles Submitted to Birat Journal of Health Sciences
Authors: Chhetri Prabin , Rimal Hem Sagar , Kafle Santosh Upadhyaya , Kafle Tara Kumari
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The word plagiarism, in literature, means stealing someone's works without acknowledging the author. It is an unavoidable fact that an article has to be original when it is presented for publication. Often it is seen that during the research works, authors put lot of effort in collecting the facts and figures for their article but they seem to have a blind spot when it comes to plagiarism. The detection of the plagiarism is a challenging and time consuming task for most of the journals.

Objectives: The objective of the study is to understand the level of plagiarism in the articles submitted in Birat Journal of Health Sciences.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on plagiarism by retrieving the data of articles submitted to Birat Journal of Health Sciences (BJHS), an official medical journal of Birat Medical College (BMC), from April 2017 to August 2018. Total 111 articles were examined through the iThenticate Software, a commercial Plagiarism Detection Tool (PDT) Version 2.0.8. Articles were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Result: It was found that 63 (56.75%) articles were found to be less than 20% plagiarized and 48 (43.22%) articles were found above the cut-off point (20% plagiarized) putting them in the category of plagiarized article.

Conclusion: It was found that the incidence of plagiarism in the articles submitted to BJHS was very common. It is also evident from the study that a commercial plagiarism detection tool (PDT) can be a very useful tool for detecting and preventing plagiarism in the articles. It was also noticeable to find that the articles of clinical consultants(who are not associated with academic institutions) had higher level of plagiarism in their articles in comparison to the academicians (who are associated with academic institutions).
Comparison of Arterial Blood Gas Analysis versus Central Laboratory Electrolyte and Hemoglobin Determination in Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital
Authors: Arjyal Batsalya , Rajbanshi Lalit Kumar , Khanal Kanak , Bajracharya Akriti
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Electrolyte and hemoglobin measurement are the integral part of management of critically ill patient. There can be a wide variation in the electrolyte and hemoglobin measurement in critically ill patient between arterial blood gas analyzer and central laboratory auto analyzer.

Objective: To compare the electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride) and hemoglobin level measured by arterial blood gas analyzer and laboratory analyzer.

Methodology: This was a prospective cross-sectional comparative study comparing the electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride) and hemoglobin measurement between arterial blood gas analyzer and laboratory auto analyzer. The study included 124 paired blood samples from the patient admitted in intensive care unit of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital in two months duration. The arterial sample and venous sample for electrolytes and hemoglobin measurement were taken simultaneously or not more than one hour apart and analysis was done by arterial blood gas analyzer and central laboratory auto analyzer accordingly. The values of electrolytes and hemoglobin measured by two different analyzers were finally compared for variation.

Result: The mean difference calculated for sodium potassium and chloride in ABG machine and Auto-analyzers were 0.57 mmol/l.-0.04mmol/l and 1.71mmol/l respectively. These data were within the acceptable range of United States Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments(USCLIA). The mean difference derived for hemoglobin in ABG and Auto-analyzers was 0.16g/dl which was not consistent with the range of United States Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (USCLIA)

Conclusion: The measurement of electrolyte namely sodium, potassium and chloride in ABG machines and Auto-analyzers of central lab were comparable while hemoglobin was not comparable under the USCLIA guidelines.
Trimethoprim - Sulfamethoxazole in Combination With Meropenem Orpolymyxin is Effective in Management of Acinetobacter Baumannii Associated Pneumonia and Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Keyal Niraj Kumar , Nepal Niru , Bhujel Amid
Published: July 2020

Acinetobacter baumanniiis a common multidrug resistant bacteria that causes pneumonia and urinary tract infection in intensive care unit and requires dual antibiotic for effective management. There are limited expensive antibiotics that are active against. Acinetobacter baumannii. Trimethoprim - Sulfamethoxazole is a cheap, older and easily available antibiotic that can be used in combination with Meropenem or Polymyxin for treatment to decrease antibiotic resistance. This case presentation of three patients describes the successful treatment of hospital acquired Pneumonia and Urinary Tract Infection by Acinetobacter baumannii with Trimethoprim - Sulfamethoxazole in combination with Meropenem and Polymyxin that lead avoidance of costly drugs and decrease in antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance and lack of newer effective antibiotic against multidrug resistant bacteria like Acinetobacter baumannii is a common problem in intensive care unit. Trimethoprim -Sulfamethoxazole may help in combating this problem.
Ultrasound Guided Continuous Quadratus Lumborum Block as a Perioperative Analgesic Technique for Pyeloplasty in a Paediatric Patient : A Case Report
Authors: Yadav Rupesh Kumar , Dhungel Bidur , Thapa Bijay
Published: July 2020

With the use of ultrasound, peripheral nerve blocks can be more precise and deposition of local anesthetics under direct vision reduces drug volume and minimizes untoward toxicity. Its extensive use in peri-operative period add a safety measures to reduce procedural complications. Pain in children's are often under recognized and under treated which can lead to emotional, psychological trauma for rest of their life. Peripheral nerve blocks have the advantage of greater overall safety and efficacy for lower abdominal surgeries. An abdominal truncal block technique known as Quadratus Lumborum block has emerged recently with a goal of anesthetizing the thoracolumbar nerves for somatic as well as visceral analgesia of both lower and upper abdomen. A sound knowledge of sensory supply to the genitourinary system is important for the success of regional anesthesia. We report a case of four years old child who was diagnosed as left sided pelvic ureteric junction obstruction and was planned for pyeloplasty where continuous quadratus lumborum block was used as a mode of post operative analgesia which showed a promising result. Antibiotic resistance and lack of newer effective antibiotic against multidrug resistant bacteria like Acinetobacter baumannii is a common problem in intensive care unit. Trimethoprim -Sulfamethoxazole may help in combating this problem.
COVID-19 Pandemic and an Urgent Need of Online Learning Approaches in Nepal and Other Developing Nations
Authors: Ansari Mukhtar
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 outbreak is pandemic worldwide with increasing total reported cases, new cases and total deaths. This devastating situation has affected every corner of human lives including academic sector globally. Although there are various measures to prevent spread of COVID-19 infection, online education could be the most suitable option concerning academic institutions to curb its spread, and developing nations including Nepal are in urgent need to implement it.
Study of mechanochemistry of carbon nanotube using first principle
Authors: Tiwari Mijas , Bhusal Aabiskar , Adhikari Kapil
Published: July 2020

Available with fulltext
Variation of velocity component of ions in a magnetized plasma sheath for different obliqueness of the magnetic field
Authors: Adhikari Bhesha Raj , Basnet Suresh , Lamichhane Hari Prasad , Khanal Raju
Published: July 2020

available with full text.
SKIPS: A Simple Modification of a Prior Simulation Tool for Difficult Patient Discussions
Authors: Marshall Julie , Marshall Julie , S. Brown Michael , Runyan Marty , Higbee Dena
Published: July 2020

Patient communication during ethical or difficult treatment decisions is a complex interaction. We present
our initial experience with a structured framework for discussion, SKIPS (setting, knowledge, invitation,
perception and strategy), as a modification to a previously reported tool for breaking bad news, SPIKES.
Our new framework emphasizes patient beliefs and wishes in the setting of a discussion requiring ethical
considerations or treatment decisions. Initial evaluations of the SKIPS tool were favourable by resident and
faculty, with faculty reporting a greater chance of utilizing SKIPS than the residents.
Real World Patterns of PSA Response and Survival with Abiraterone and Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC)
Authors: McGrane John , Rowe Michael , Walter Stuart , Hidayat Ayesha , Donkers Hannah , Browne Andrew , Norris Timothy , Pollard Adam , Victor Deborah , McGrane John
Published: July 2020

Background: We investigated our institution’s mCRPC enzalutamide or abiraterone patients examining
PSA responses and impact of sequencing of these drugs.
Methods: All enzalutamide / abiraterone mCRPC patients (2011-2018) were included. Rates of PSA >50%
response (PSA50) were compared. Time to treatment failure (TTF) and overall survival (OS) was analysed
as per lines of previous therapy and timing of chemotherapy.
Results: 363 patients included (Enza n=236, Abi n=127), with 15.6 months median follow-up. PSA50 was
greater in enzalutamide group (58% vs 31% p<0.0005) but TTF was similar for both groups (median Abi
4.2m vs Enza 6m, p=0.965). There was no significant median OS difference between the groups (Enza
13.8m vs Abi 12.5m p=0.065). Number of lines of prior therapy (p=0.735) or timing of chemotherapy before
or after Abi/Enza (p=0.21) had no significant OS impact.
Conclusion: Enzalutamide showed higher PSA50 response than abiraterone. Previous lines of therapy or
sequencing of chemotherapy with abiraterone / enzalutamide showed no significant survival differences
indicating no detriment in either treatment sequence.
NEW VARIETIES OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT
Authors: Grib S. I. , Ignatieva G. V. , Vikulina E. V. , Okorokov V. V. , Feonova O. A. , Shukin N. N.
Published: July 2020

In terms of differentiation of agricultural enterprises by the level of intensification of grain production it is necessary to cultivate varieties that are most adapted and cost-effective for specific levels of technologies of growing spring wheat. This is confirmed by the ecological variety testing, which was carried out in different soil - climatic and technological conditions. In the Vladimir niiskh on gray forest soils under normal technology, the new variety of mA’am was characterized by the highest yield, resistance to lodging and disease. In the competitive variety testing on average for 10 years, he provided a yield of 37.7 C / ha (higher than the best studied in the experience of varieties by 5.9-10.3 C/ha) with resistance to lodging 8.4 points on a 9-point scale. The maximum yield varieties in 2009 was 62.0 q/ha. During the last 5 years of competitive variety trials the most stable and productive years was a kind of heater, which on average for 2013-2017 exceeded the grade’am 4.6 t/ha in the same agricultural background. Among studied varieties of spring wheat the highest yields provided a variety Rook, cultivated on intensive technology: high soil fertility in the Republic of Belarus yields reached 99,0 kg/ha in 2013, and in Yaroslavl, NIIZK - 80,0 kg/ha in 2017 In the Vladimir research Institute of agriculture at high doses of fertilizer, but without the protection of plants from diseases, pests and lodging in 2017 received a yield grade of 73.0 kg/ha.
ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORIBATIDE TONGS - INTERMEDIATE FARMS ANOPLOCEPHALID TABULAR HORSES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAHA (YAKUTIA)
Authors: Andreeva M. V. , Tatarinova Z. G.
Published: July 2020

In the article, data on the distribution of anoplodsefalidosis of horses are given. Anoplodsefalidozy horses are widely distributed in the northern and central zones of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The species composition of these cestodes is represented by 3 species: Anoplocephala magna, Anoplocephala perfoliata and Paranoplocephala mamillana. Of the 10 species of oribatid ticks found in the pastures of six species, anoploccephalidae, Achheteria coleoptrata, Scheloribates latipes, Scheloribates laevigatus, Galumna obvia, Ceratosetoides cisalpinus, Testocepheus velatus have been registered as intermediate hosts. The highest reproductive activity of oribatids occurs in May-June, which contributes to the massive infection of horses. In laboratory conditions, at a temperature of 28̊C and a relative humidity of 70-80 %, cysticercoids in mites form in 35-40 days.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF BRUCELLOSIS IN REINDEER IMMUNIZED WITH LIVE VACCINE
Authors: Gordienko L. N. , Novikov A. N. , Kulikova E. V. , Gaidutskaya G. M. , Elantseva N. B.
Published: July 2020

Northern reindeer breeding is the main branch of agro-industrial complex in the northern regions of the Russian Federation. Infectious diseases are an important factor, that decreases the profitability of this branch. Brucellosis is the most often occurring disease in the infectious pathology there. The focal areas of brucellosis that persist over the vast territory of the Russian High North constitute a danger of carrying the infection into satisfactory herds and its subsequent spread among susceptible animals. This makes immune protection of reindeer against brucellosis necessary and reasonable. The live vaccine based on weakly agglutinogenic strain B.abortus 82 is officially adopted as a means for reindeer immunization. The specificity of the northern reindeer breeding does not always allow to organize veterinary measures systematically and on a mass scale. It often happens that vaccinated reindeer are included in diagnostics, produce positive diagnostic responses and are considered to be infected with brucellosis. In order to objectively evaluate epizootic situation in terms of brucellosis in herds, to prevent losses from unreasonable reindeer disposal and to increase the production quality control a differential diagnostics of blood serum samples for brucellosis of the examined livestock was conducted. The possibility of including in the complex of diagnostic test some additional tests, which allow to differentiate vaccinal responses from infection processes in animals was studied. It was revealed that from 10 to 31 percent of animals having positive responses were found in the reindeer herds situated on the brucellosis unsatisfactory territory. The use of R brucellosis antigen in serological tests allowed to discover that the majority (61.8 %) of positive responses in animals are connected with postvaccinal process.