bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Patterns of Postmodifier in Nigerian English Noun Phrase
Authors: Akinlotan Mayowa
Published: November 2018

The present paper discusses the occurrence, structure, and complexity of the postmodifier in the Nigerian English noun phrase (NP) showing tendencies for structural simplification. It also compares its findings with patterns in British, Ghanaian, Singaporean, Honk Kong varieties. The paper shows how variables representing syntactic function, register, and weight shed light on specific contexts where we might or might not find (1) NP with or without a postmodifier (2) a clausal or phrasal postmodifier, and (3) a simple or a complex postmodifier. In addition, the paper shows that the extent of variation among different varieties of English is dependent on variables crucial to the construction choices being investigated. For instance, in (1), a postmodifier is realised while no postmodifier is realised in (2). (1) My car which I just bought last week has been stolen, and (2) My car has been stolen.The NP in (1) is structurally complex because it realises the clausal type of post modifier, ‘which I just bought last week’. Meanwhile in (2), the NP (the car) lacks a postmodifier. In other words, the occurrence viz-a-viz non-occurrence of a postmodifier contributes to the overall structural and semantic complexity of the entire noun phrases, irrespective of the syntactic positions of the NP. Quantitative analyses of 8897 NPs indicate that in Nigerian NPs, a postmodifier is more unlikely to occur (61 %) than not (39 %). Further analyses show that prepositional phrase (57 %), rather than clause (32 %) or adjective (9 %) or adverbials (2 %), is the most preferred structural postmodifier type. It is also shown that realised postmodifiers are more likely to be structured in two-to-four words (51 %) than four-words above. As for the predictive strength of variables studied, syntactic function is found to edge register in asserting influence and explaining different scenarios and contexts where we might or might not find a postmodifier, together with its structural type and weight. In other words, register, which is reputed as a significant indicator of structural variation (Biber, 2007; De Haan, Pieter. 1993. Sentence Length in Running Text. In Souter, C. & E. Atwell (),Corpus-Based Computational Linguistics, 147–161. Amsterdam: Rodopi; Schilk and Schaub, 2016) is outweighed by syntactic function. The study further attests that significant structural simplification is largely present in the postmodifier structure of the Nigerian English noun phrase.
Modeling Microwave Heating of Frozen Chinese Fast Foods Based on Dielectric Properties
Authors: Song ChunFang , Chen Yao , Pu Hongjie , Li Zhenfeng , Chen Haiying , Meng Liyuan , Wang Yan
Published: November 2018

Chinese steamed bread with chicken, which is a typical Chinese fast food, is popular among consumers. The model simulated a frozen combination consisting of six chicken nuggets and two Chinese steamed breads with the dynamic change of dielectric properties on the turntable. The temperature-dependent dielectric and thermo-physical properties of chicken meat were measured as a function of temperature from −5°C to 95°C. A mathematical model of the dielectric properties, specific heat and thermal conductivity with temperature dependence was inputted in the model as the material parameters. 7.5 rpm was observed to be the optimal rotation speed. Simulated temperature profiles were compared with experimental temperature profiles after 90 s of microwave (MW) heating at 700 W. The simulated results were consistent with the corresponding experimental results. The developed model can be applied in food products to identify the cold and hot spots to ensure quality in terms of temperature uniformity.
IGFBP-2 and aging: a 20-year longitudinal study on IGFBP-2, IGF-I, BMI, insulin sensitivity and mortality in an aging population
Authors: van den Beld Annewieke W , Carlson Olga D , Doyle Maire E , Rizopoulos Dimitris , Ferrucci Luigi , van der Lely Aart Jan , Egan Josephine M
Published: November 2018

Objective

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) concentrations are low in subjects with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Intriguingly, recent studies have demonstrated an association between high IGFBP-2 concentrations and increased mortality not only in populations with certain types of cancer, but also in relatively healthy populations. We evaluated the role of IGFBP-2 in relation to BMI and mortality.

Design and Participants

BMI, insulin sensitivity, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) and IGFBP-2 were assessed repeatedly in 539 participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging around the ages of 55, 65 and 75 years.

Results

IGFBP-2 concentrations positively correlated with insulin sensitivity and inversely with BMI, both at baseline and follow-up. Independent of IGF-I, sex, BMI and insulin sensitivity, circulating IGFBP-2 levels positively correlated with age (P < 0.001). Changes over time in BMI were associated with an inverse correlation in IGFBP-2 concentrations. Furthermore, we found indications of a relationship between low baseline IGFBP-2 levels and mortality. Remarkably, after adjustment for insulin sensitivity, the opposite association was found, as a unit increase of log(IGFBP2) was associated with an increase in the log hazard by 1.43 (95% CI: 0.3–2.6). This accounted for both baseline (P = 0.02) as well as serial (P < 0.001) measurements of IGFBP2. Finally, in this longitudinal study, we found that IGF-I concentrations increased with age (0.82 ± 0.2 (µg/L)/year, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

This is the first study investigating the relationship between IGFBP-2 levels and age in a longitudinal setting. Serum IGFBP-2 levels increase with age after the age of 50 years and evolve in parallel with insulin sensitivity. IGFBP-2 may therefore be a potential marker for insulin sensitivity. We further show that IGFBP-2 levels can predict mortality in this aging population. However, its predictive value for mortality can only be interpreted in relation to insulin sensitivity. After adjustment for insulin sensitivity, high IGFBP-2 levels are predictive of increased mortality.
Prognosis of Young Survivors of Gastric Cancer in China and the U.S.: Determining Long-Term Outcomes Based on Conditional Survival
Authors: Chen Qi-Yue , Zhong Qing , Wang Wei , Chen Shi , Li Ping , Xie Jian-Wei , Wang Jia-Bing , Lin Jian-Xian , Lu Jun , Cao Long-Long , Lin Mi , Tu Ru-Hong , Huang Ze-Ning , Lin Ju-Li , Zheng Hua-Long , Liu Zhi-Yu , Zheng Chao-Hui , Peng Jun-Sheng , Zhou Zhi-Wei , Huang Chang-Ming
Published: November 2018

Background

Young survivors of gastric cancer (GC) have better prognoses than elderly patients, yet their disease-specific survival (DSS) has received little attention.

Patients and Methods

Data on young patients (aged ≤40 years) with GC undergoing resections at three Chinese institutions (n = 542) and from the SEER database (n = 533) were retrospectively analyzed. Three-year conditional disease-specific survival (CS3) was assessed. The effects of well-known prognostic factors over time were analyzed by time-dependent Cox regression.

Results

Overall, young Chinese patients with GC had a better 5-year DSS than U.S. patients (62.8% vs. 54.1%; p < .05). The disease-specific mortality likelihood of the entire cohort was not constant over time, with most deaths occurring during the first 3 years after surgery but peaking at 1 and 2 years in China and the U.S., respectively. Based on 5-year survivorship, the CS3 rates of both groups were similar (90.9% [U.S.] vs. 91.5% [China]; p > .05). Cox regression showed that for Chinese patients, site, size, T stage, and N stage were independent prognostic factors at baseline (p < .05). For U.S. patients, grade, T stage. and N stage significantly affected DSS at baseline (p < .05). In both groups, only T stage continuously affected DSS within 3 years after gastrectomy. However, for both groups, the initial well-known prognostic factors lost prognostic significance after 5 years of survival (all p > .05). Although the 5-year DSS rates of young Chinese patients with T3 and T4a disease were significantly better than those of young U.S. patients, in each T stage, the CS3 of both regions trended toward consistency over time.

Conclusion

For young patients with GC, the factors that predict survival at baseline vary over time. Although the initial 5-year DSS is heterogeneous, insight into conditional survival will help clinicians evaluate the long-term prognoses of survivors while ignoring population differences.
HS2 railway, UK – why the country needs it
Authors: Munro Alison
Published: November 2018

High Speed Two (HS2) will be the new backbone of the UK rail network, connecting eight out of ten of the largest cities. Cities are drivers of economic growth, but those in the Midlands and the North are held back by poor connectivity. HS2 will help to rebalance the economy. Demand for rail travel has more than doubled over the past 20 years, and continues to grow. Rail lines serving London, Birmingham and Manchester are under particular pressure, with overcrowding and unreliability. The government is investing £40 billion in the existing network, but capacity shortages remain. HS2 will take pressure off the existing network and add capacity where it is needed most, providing connectivity to support a twenty-first century economy. HS2 will create 30 000 jobs during construction and 3000 jobs in operation. By bringing new investment, employment and regeneration to cities, HS2 can support hundreds of thousands of jobs. The new National Colleges for High Speed Rail will deliver the skills for HS2 and a skills legacy. HS2 is being designed to minimise environmental impacts. It will set new standards in passenger experience and reliability in the UK. It will deliver value for money for taxpayers, with benefits more than double the costs.
Социальная карта района
Authors: Варшавер Евгений Александрович , Рочева Анна Леонидовна , Иванова Наталия Сергеевна
Published: November 2018

Методологически слабым местом активно развивающейся в России в последние годы городской антропологии является область анализа данных и формализации выводов по результатам работы. Результаты исследований нередко остаются на уровне текстовых описаний «первого порядка», переход же к аналитическим обобщениям не осуществляется. В статье предложен инструмент, способный разнообразить методологический арсенал городской антропологии. Этот инструмент — социальная карта района. Он был разработан и апробирован в ходе исследования двух окраинных районов Москвы (Капотни и Кунцева), проведенного в 2014–2015 гг. на предмет интеграции мигрантов на локальном уровне по материалам 170 интервью и 86 дневников наблюдения. Социальная карта не является картой в привычном смысле слова, она не связана с территорией, а представляет собой граф, вершинами которого являются типы жителей, общественные пространства и средства коммуникации в районе. Социальная карта демонстрирует, какие типы жителей — «мигрантов» и «местных» — присутствуют в районе, с кем они общаются, какими районными общественными пространствами и средствами коммуникации пользуются. На основе карты была создана интеграционная концепция московского окраинного района и разработана серия интеграционных мероприятий. Социальная карта, таким образом, является одновременно инструментом анализа данных, способом презентации полученных результатов и основой социальной политики. Авторы подробно описывают методологию исследования, полевые и аналитические мероприятия, связанные с созданием социальной карты, демонстрируют саму карту и приводят примеры описания ее элементов. В резюме обсуждаются другие возможные способы использования этого инструмента для городских исследований1.__________________________1 Статья написана на основании научно-исследовательской работы «Разработка методологических подходов к оценке регулирующего воздействия законодательства в области миграции на основе социологических методов» в рамках государственного задания РАНХиГС на 2016 г.
Влияние транспортной инфраструктуры, возводимой для проведения спортивных мегамероприятий, на транспортные системы городов
Authors: Буторина Софья Алексеевна , Котов Егор Андреевич
Published: November 2018

В статье проведена оценка мероприятий по развитию транспортной инфраструктуры в городах — участниках Чемпионата мира по футболу 2018 г. (ЧМ-2018). Рассмотрены транспортные системы городов с наиболее масштабными запланированными изменениями транспортной инфраструктуры — Саранска, Калининграда, Екатеринбурга. Анализ проведен на основе открытых пространственных данных о населении и улично-дорожной сети рассматриваемых городов. Мероприятия оценены с точки зрения их эффективности в период после проведения ЧМ-2018 — масштаба изменений уровней связности улично-дорожной сети, доступности ключевых мест в городе. В результате анализа определено, что наиболее эффективными с точки зрения использования новой инфраструктуры в период после проведения ЧМ-2018 являются изменения в Саранске. Авторы продемонстрировали возможность использования открытых данных для такого анализа, но выявили и ряд проблем, возникающих при их использовании.
Города на границе
Authors: Вендина Ольга Ивановна
Published: November 2018

Во второй части статьи (ч. 1 см. в No 3 (2016)) автор рассматривает ситуацию, сложившуюся в современном российском пограничье, — в городах Владивостоке, Хабаровске, Астрахани, Ростове-на-Дону, Белгороде и Калининграде. В постсоветские годы все перечисленные города были миграционными магнитами и одновременно отдавали «свое» население центральным, южным и западным регионам РФ, а также за рубеж. Разнонаправленные миграционные процессы приводили к структурным сдвигам в составе населения, его «постарению» или «омоложению», появлению новых этнокультурных групп, замещению «своих» приезжими. Основное внимание в тексте уделено анализу персональных ценностей горожан, иерархии ценностных приоритетов. Автор задается вопросом, в какой мере представления жителей приграничных городов РФ, испытывающих на себе как позитивное,так и негативное влияние соседства с другой страной, поддерживают установившийся социальный порядок, а в какой способны подорвать его в силу миграционных процессов, роста этнокультурного разнообразия, распространения ксенофобии и недовольства жизнью1.

______________________________

1 Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (РНФ): проект No 15-18-00064 «Новые подходы и методы регулирования этнополитических отношений на территории крупнейших городских агломераций России» (раздел «Города российской империи») и проект No 14-18-03621 «Российское пограничье: вызовы соседства» (раздел «Города на современных границах РФ»).
A globális versenyképesség és a kulturális heterogenitás kapcsolata
Authors: Bacsi Zsuzsanna
Published: November 2018

A tanulmány azt vizsgálja, hogy van-e összefüggés egy ország versenyképessége és lakosságának heterogenitása közt. Az általános vélekedés szerint egy etnikailag, nyelvileg, vallásilag heterogén közösségben gyakoriak a társadalmi konfliktusok, így gazdasági teljesítménye is gyengébb. Viszont a sokszínűség a kreativitás és az innováció forrása is lehet. A tanulmány a Világgazdasági Fórum versenyképességi indexének és innovációs indikátorának kapcsolatát vizsgálja az etnikai, nyelvi, vallási sokféleséggel, 134 ország keresztmetszeti elemzésével, az ország nagyságát, fekvését, független államiságának hosszát, városiasodásának mértékét és lakosságának iskolázottságát is figyelembe véve. Az innovációs kapacitás az etnikai heterogenitással negatív, a nyelvi és vallási heterogenitással pozitív kapcsolatban áll, a globális versenyképességi indexnek viszont az etnikai és nyelvi fragmentáltsággal való kapcsolata nem mutatható ki, ha az országok földrajzi elhelyezkedését is figyelembe vesszük. Az urbanizáció mértéke – a függetlenné válás éve szerint két csoportra osztva az országokat – csak az 1950 után függetlenné vált országok esetében mutatott pozitív kapcsolatot a versenyképességi és az innovációs mutatóval.
A moldáv identitás rétegei
Authors: Illés Tamás , Bottlik Zsolt
Published: November 2018

Tanulmányunkban a geopolitikai pufferzónában lévő moldáv népcsoport identitásának kialakulását vesszük górcső alá. A mai moldovai öndefiníció helyi tényezője a lakosság rurális karaktere, valamint a lassú urbanizációval kiéleződő város–vidék kettősség. Rámutatunk a moldáv etnikai tér városainak a 19. századtól folyamatosan kialakuló eltéréseire, amely a térség lakóinak identitásában jelenleg is a hely szerepét erősíti. Ennek további jellegzetességeként a két világháború közötti román centralizációs törekvések vidéki lakosság oldaláról történő elutasításának körülményeit, valamint a szovjet időszak város–vidék egyenlőtlenségének fennmaradását, illetve további elmélyülését fejtjük ki. A moldáv identitás megítélése regionális nézőpontból is eltéréseket mutat. A történelem során a politikai csatározások középpontjába állított területi viták, a migráció, a betelepítések a mai ország területén kulturális különbségeket, egzisztenciális és ezáltal társadalmi törésvonalakat hoztak létre. A jelenleg autonóm státuszt élvező Gagauziában, valamint a szakadár Transznyisztriában eltérő módon ítélték és ítélik meg a moldovai identitás kialakulását/kialakítását és a csoport románsághoz fűződő viszonyát.

A moldáv nemzeti identitás ilyen előzmények után rendkívül rétegzett, így a moldáv nacionalizmusok egy átfogó keretrendszer helyett számos olyan, időben és térben összefonódó konstrukcióból táplálkoztak a helyhez kötődő, premodern elemek mellett, mint a modernizáció, az elitek projektje, valamint az ellenállás és a kirekesztés nyomán létrejött önvédelmi mechanizmusok. Ezek mellett jelenik meg a nemzeti projekt kulcselemeként a nyelv.

A nacionalizmusok – az ország geopolitikai pufferzónajellege miatt – távoli hatalmi centrumok igényei szerint alakultak, amely jelen tanulmányunkban a posztkoloniális kritikai szempontok érvényesítését támasztja alá. A globalizáció a nemzetépítést is kihívás elé állítja, amelynek során a lokális, regionális, nemzeti és a már globális kulturális javak megjelenését magában hordozó szupranacionális léptékek keveredését látjuk, és egyúttal a moldáv nemzeti identitás fluid és dinamikusan változó jellegét tapasztalhatjuk.
Problems of Psychological and Pedagogical Adaptation of Students in Transition to the Main School
Authors: Bezrukavny O.S.
Published: November 2018

The article deals with the problems of psychological and pedagogical adaptation of students to the main school. Approaches to the problem of adaptation processes by representatives of different psychological schools are compared. The data of research of a level of psychological and pedagogical adaptation of students during transition from primary to basic school are given. The main theoretical approaches to the problem of psychological and pedagogical adaptation in domestic and foreign scientific literature are revealed. The article correlates the data obtained by diagnostic methods and the method of conversation and analysis of educational documentation. The author gives their conclusions concerning educational and non-educational factors that can influence the success of psychological and pedagogical adaptation of students. The article offers a discussion of the results obtained. The article draws conclusions about probable causes of psychological and pedagogical adaptation difficulties for students in the main school and possible ways out of the psychological and pedagogical disadaptation zone.
Training in Group Decision Making in Situational Training Centers
Authors: Mitin A.I.
Published: November 2018

The article deals with the psychological and pedagogical problems of training situational centers (TSC) as a learning environment for group decision-making. TSC have a significant role to play in the process of formation of a new type of managerial personnel, managers for the "digital economy" and "digital state. Emphasizes the importance of workplaces as a Central element for the functioning of TSCs; in this case, the workplace is treated as an element of the educational environment in relation to two related subject areas – social management and education. The script approach at the organization of educational activity in TSC is described; the script of an educational task contains, in particular, characteristics and the description of the principles of work of the corresponding workplaces, and also methods of work of participants of studies (students, teachers, experts, game technicians, producers). The importance of forming a visual information image of the management situation for the collective work of students is emphasized. We consider the models of classes in the TSC (lecture-discussion, case-study, role play), as well as psychological, didactic, technological and organizational factors taken into account in these models. The problem of "Brainstorming" is considered as an example of communicative decision-making technology in the TSC.
Features of Interaction between Mothers and Children at an Early Age who were Placed in the Intensive Care Unit in Postnatal Period
Authors: Badlina E.S. , Krysanova T.V.
Published: November 2018

It is known that the features of the perinatal period influence on the further mother-child interaction. This article presents the results of a comparative study of the interaction of mothers with children at an early age. The study was conducted in two groups. The experimental group included 69 dyads of mothers with prematurely born children and 26 dyads of mothers with children born on time, who were placed in the intensive care unit in the postpartum period. The control group consisted of 90 dyads of mothers with children who did not need resuscitation and hospitalization. The age of children at the time of the study is from 12 to 36 months. Methods: collection and analysis of anamnestic data from children's medical records, a questionnaire of mothers (a questionnaire for mothers Lantsburg M.E.), instrumental structured observation (quantitative and qualitative analysis of video recording of game actions of mother and child using the program The Observer XT Noldus and beyond). As a result of the study, a specificity was revealed in the mother-child interaction in dyads with a complicated postnatal period. Mothers of children who have been in intensive care in the postpartum period showed lower sensitivity and responsiveness in interaction with children than mothers of children with uncomplicated postnatal period.
Psychological Aspects of Employment of Modern Graduates of High Schools (Round table «Partnership in the Field of Training» Yelets, June 26, 2018)
Authors: Budyakova T.P. , Polyakova T.А.
Published: November 2018

This material is a short report on the round table "Partnership in the field of training of personnel" held on June 26, 2018 in Yelets, organized in the framework of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation "Adaptation to the labor market of young specialists and facilitating their employment ". The round table was attended by more than 50 people, including representatives of Lebanon, Bulgaria, Germany and other countries. The main directions of discussion of the stated problem are presented and the most important elements that provoked discussions during the exchange of views at the round table. The emphasis is on the psychological and pedagogical aspects of the issues under consideration. Issues of the round table were interdisciplinary, but the main line of discussion was the psychological problems of the modern labor market, employment, employment and partnership in this area. In particular, the subject of discussion were the issues of forming the personality qualities of the graduate, contributing to his successful employment, the psycho-logical aspects of labor adaptation of graduates of higher education institutions, the psychology of self-reflection in employment, etc. Presentations were made by academics, conducting psychological, pedagogical and social studies -psychological research in the field of human resources and employment, as well as employers (employers' representatives), managers and employees of public services for yatosti population. During the discussions, existing gaps and shortcomings were identified in solving the problems of finding employment for graduates, and suggestions were made to improve mechanisms for solving employment problems in Russia using the potential of psychological science.
Risk factors of acute myocardial infarction in elderly and nonelderly patients: a comparative retrospective study done in a rural tertiary care centre of India
Authors: Kamendu Abhishek , Aslami Ahmad Nadeem
Published: November 2018

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the most common diagnosis in the elderly, and the first cause of death in men and women over 60 years. It is not clear if the risk factors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are different in elderly and non-elderly people. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of risk factors of acute myocardial infarction between elderly and non-elderly patients who had been admitted to hospital for the first attack of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods: A retrospective study was done in Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Bihar from January 2017 to December 2017. Study population were all patients who were admitted due to AMI in medicine ward. Patients were selected as per World Health Organization guidelines. The patients were divided into two groups, non-elderly patients of <60 years and elderly patients of ≥60 years.Results: Among different risk factors, diabetes and hypertension were more common in elderly than their non-elderly counterparts, and male gender, smoking and family history of ischemic heart disease was more common in non-elderly patients than elderly ones.Conclusions: This study provide vital information on young AMI patients amongst the diverse population of north India and will help to guide the treating physicians and the health care system to adopt appropriate steps directed towards primary and secondary prevention of AMI in young patients of this region, especially smoking cessation, which is the commonest modifiable risk factor, in their most productive years of life.
In situ Crosslinkable Thiol-ene Hydrogels Based on PEGylated Chitosan and β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: ARSLAN Mehmet , YİRMİBESOGLU Tolga , CELEBİ Mithat
Published: November 2018

Novel
β-Cyclodextrin incorporated injectable hydrogels employing PEGylated chitosan
as bio-based hydrophilic matrix have been fabricated via thiol-ene reaction. As
thiol bearing polymer counterpart of hydrogel precursors, native chitosan was
firstly modified with polyethylene glycol groups to increase its water
solubility and bioinertness and then decorated with thiol groups to facilitate
thiol-ene crosslinking with acryloyl-modified β-cyclodextrin. A series of
hydrogels with varying amounts of acryloyl β-CD and PEGylated chitosan feed
were synthesized with high efficiency under mild aqueous conditions. The
resulting hydrogels were characterized by equilibrium swelling, structural
morphology and rheology. These materials were investigated as controlled drug
release platforms by employing a poorly water soluble anti-inflammatory drug
diclofenac as model compound. Benefiting from the inclusion complex formation
of the drug with β-CD groups in gel interior, prolonged release profiles were
maintained. The total drug absorption and release of hydrogels were shown to be
dependent on the amount of β-CD in gel matrix. These hydrogels combined
efficient crosslinking and β-CD incorporation into clinically important
chitosan scaffold and might have potential applications as injectable drug
reservoirs such as in regenerative tissue engineering.
The proposed Investment Court System: does it really solve the problems?
Authors: Charris Benedetti Juan Pablo
Published: November 2018

En los últimos años, el régimen de inversión extranjera ha sido objeto de un creciente número de críticas del público. Las sumas significativas de dinero en juego y el posible impacto de los laudos en los poderes regulatorios del Estado han puesto al actual Sistema de Resolución de Controversias entre Inversores y el Estado bajo la lupa. En respuesta a ello, la Unión Europea ha propuesto una reforma de gran alcance mediante la introducción de un Sistema de Corte de Inversiones (sci). El nuevo sistema constituye un mecanismo innovador de resolución de controversias internacionales destinado a remediar los problemas centrales que acarrea el sistema actual, mediante la combinación de elementos tradicionales del arbitraje con rasgos judiciales.

En este contexto, el presente escrito pretende analizar si el nuevo enfoque de la Unión Europea constituye una mejora efectiva del actual mecanismo de resolución de controversias de inversiones y del futuro del régimen de inversión internacional. Para dicho propósito, el artículo comienza con una descripción general del actual Sistema de Resolución de Controversias entre Inversores y el Estado; seguido de una sinopsis de sus principales críticas; continúa con un resumen de las principales características del Sistema de Corte de Inversiones, así como de su inclusión en la nueva generación de acuerdos internacionales de inversión en negociación por la Unión Europea; y, finalmente, hace una referencia a las principales críticas y posibles obstáculos que afrontará la introducción del nuevo Sistema de Corte de Inversiones.
Análisis de la cláusula de Nación Más Favorecida en los convenios para evitar la doble imposición: aspectos generales e implicaciones para el caso colombiano
Authors: Cabrera Cabrera Omar Sebastián
Published: November 2018

El otorgamiento de cláusulas de nación más favorecida nace bajo el marco de los acuerdos internacionales de índole comercial con la finalidad de promover y fomentar el intercambio económico. No obstante, su practicidad y características lograron que este tipo de estipulaciones fueran incorporadas de manera generalizada en los tratados de índole tributaria. De esta manera, en la práctica se evidencia la aceptación de estas formas jurídicas por parte de los Estados en la negociación de sus convenios para evitar la doble imposición. Colombia no ha sido ajena a este fenómeno, al optar incluir estos pactos como pauta general de negoción durante los primeros acuerdos tributarios firmados, lo cual generará un importante debate en torno a su aplicación práctica en el momento en el cual entre en vigor el tratado con el Reino Unido o Francia.
Del régimen de entidades controladas del exterior, características e implicaciones de su incorporación en el régimen tributario colombiano
Authors: Ospina Garcia Julieta
Published: November 2018

La Ley 1819 de 2016 incorporó el Libro VII al Estatuto Tributario, reglamentando las operaciones de las entidades controladas del exterior sin residencia en Colombia, un tema completamente nuevo para los contribuyentes y que tiene como objetivo el control de las rentas pasivas, que, además, no ha tenido una reglamentación adecuada ni una difusión para darle claridad al contribuyente sobre el cumplimiento de esta nueva legislación. Este es un tema de poco conocimiento por parte de los contribuyentes obligados a cumplir con esta nueva reglamentación, y de escasa literatura que sirva como guía al contribuyente, por lo que un texto de esta magnitud permite darle al lector un panorama global integrado sobre los Artículos 882 al 893 del Estatuto Tributario, cuya primera aplicación deberá hacerse en las declaraciones del periodo fiscal 2017 y, seguramente, abordará dudas que a todos nos competen, tanto a contribuyentes como a asesores.
Régimen de notificaciones tributarias - Evolución, influencia y críticas frente al procedimiento administrativo general y la aplicación del principio de igualdad sobre el de especialidad
Authors: Cuatín Peña Nina Amparo
Published: November 2018

Teniendo en cuenta el principio de especialidad aplicado en materia tributaria, que se refleja en los siguientes postulados: 1.) la norma especial prima sobre la norma general; 2.) la norma superior prima sobre la inferior; 3.) la norma posterior prima sobre la anterior, así como el principio de igualdad, que consiste en aplicar la ley en cada una de las circunstancias según las diferencias constitutivas de las mismas, el presente artículo procede a plantear el análisis de las notificaciones administrativas y tributarias, con el fin de aplicar, tanto el test establecido por la Corte Constitucional Colombiana, como el criterio planteado por el Tribunal Supremo del Perú, para verificar si prevalece el principio de igualdad o el de especialidad; estableciendo previa y claramente los cambios históricos que ha sufrido cada medio de notificación en el área del Derecho respectiva.

Como en el caso de la notificación personal, que tiene gran trascendencia en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano porque es el medio que resulta más efectivo procesalmente, para garantizarles a los interesados el conocimiento de las decisiones administrativas y judiciales, la cual en el procedimiento administrativo general se encuentra reservada para todos los actos definitivos, es decir, aquellas decisiones que concluyen la actuación administrativa o deciden directa o indirectamente el fondo del asunto, en el presente estudio se pudo establecer que en el caso de la notificación por correo, en materia tributaria, de dichos actos no se cumple el referido test de igualdad y, por ende, el principio de especialidad debe ceder ante el de igualdad.
Hypertension and cognitive disorders: causes and underlying mechanisms
Authors: Tsyrlin V. A. , Kuzmenko N. V. , Pliss N. G.
Published: November 2018

Arterial hypertension (HTN) is associated with significant changes in the structure of cerebral vessels. There is a close relationship between the functional activity of neurons and the intensity of their blood supply. Vascular dementia is a heterogeneous group of diseases resulting from the pathology of neurons, glia and vessels. Cognitive disorders are the most typical manifestations of brain pathology in vascular dementia and include memory impairment, decreased learning ability, lack of personal opinion, violation of emotional control and social behavior. The article overviews the data on the organization of cerebral circulation and the mechanisms of its changes in HTN. The article analyzes the causes leading to brain hypoperfusion in elevated blood pressure. The authors discuss the mechanisms resulting in cognitive disorders in hypertensive subjects. We also address the question arising in relation of HTN and cognitive impairments: “To which extent blood pressure should be lowered in hypertensive patients with cognitive decline?”.
Quality of the bicycle transportation service in small and intermediate cities in Colombia
Authors: Pacheco-García Eduardo Alfonso , Sánchez-Delgado Alba Yajaira
Published: November 2018

Nowadays, the bicycle, as a means of mobility, is the most eco-friendly vehicle; however, and despite its many benefits, its use at a global scale is quite low. This study aimed to discover the reasons for the low use of bicycles as means of transportation in Colombian, by formulating a method to analyze the service quality of the Bicycle Transportation System (BTS) in small and intermediate cities of the country. Measurement techniques used in the Social Sciences allowed us to study the perception that the user has of the BTS, to identify the most representative attributes of the system and their respective variables, as well as to qualify and quantify them. Applying the method to a case city allowed elucidating the deficiencies perceived by the BTS users, as well as evaluating variables quantitative and qualitatively to obtain a level of service that measures the user acceptance rate of the BTS. The results derived from this method make possible to manage operational actions that improve efficiency in bicycle mobility, with its corresponding economic, environmental and social benefits, to ultimately improve the quality of life of its users. The method and the recommended techniques can be applied to small and intermediate cities, allowing the necessary adjustments for any other type of city.
Trabajo en solución de problemas matemáticos y su efecto sobre las creencias de estudiantes de básica secundaria
Authors: Vesga-Bravo Grace Judith , Escobar-Sánchez Rubén Esteban
Published: November 2018

En el escrito se presentan algunos aportes enmarcados en el estudio de las creencias que tienen sobre la matemática estudiantes de educación básica y la manera en que pueden transformarse. Específicamente la investigación estuvo orientada a determinar si una propuesta pedagógica fundamentada en el marco teórico de solución de problemas tenía impacto sobre las creencias de un grupo de estudiantes de séptimo grado. El estudio se desarrolló con un enfoque cuantitativo y se usó el instrumento diseñado y validado por Vizcaíno, Manzano y Casas (2015). Este instrumento permitió conocer las creencias de los estudiantes antes y después de la intervención, asociadas a cuatro factores que las describen entre ingenuas o sofisticadas. Se analizaron también correlaciones entre las creencias finales y el género y rendimiento académico de los participantes. Como parte de los resultados se pudo determinar que luego del trabajo en solución de problemas mejoraron las creencias relacionadas con la velocidad de aprendizaje, los estudiantes fueron más conscientes sobre la importancia de esforzarse y no darse por vencidos si no pueden resolver un problema de manera inmediata.
Estrategias para la gestión del talento humano en las asociaciones de yuqueros adscritas a Colfeyuca en Sucre, Colombia
Authors: Cardona-Arbeláez Diego , Alzate-Alvarán Julieth Cecilia , Lora-Guzmán Harold
Published: November 2018

Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar las estrategias para la gestión del talento humano que actualmente desarrollan las asociaciones yuqueras del departamento de Sucre, Colombia. El análisis se realiza a la luz de la teoría de la responsabilidad social empresarial, tomando como base los indicadores del instituto Ethos, de Brasil. La investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo, en la cual se desarrollaron entrevistas a profundidad con los líderes de diez asociaciones de cultivadores de yuca; así mismo, la observación fue parte importante del estudio, lo cual complementó el análisis de la información. Los resultados indican que las asociaciones, a pesar de estar constituidas legalmente, no adelantan acciones en pro de la gestión del talento humano, y esto se da básicamente por desconocimiento sobre el tema. Sin embargo, existe intención de cambio, porque las asociaciones reconocen la importancia que tiene el talento humano dentro de las empresas. Esto las ha llevado a unirse y gestionar capacitaciones y recursos de forma conjunta, para favorecer el crecimiento gremial.
Age-related Changes in the Expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 and 90 on the Gastric Mucosa During Gastric Ulcer Healing
Authors: Ajayi Ayodeji Folorunsho  , Aniviye Blessing Oluwafunke  , Kehinde Busuyi David  , Akintola Adebola Olayemi
Published: November 2018

Heat shock proteins 70 and 90 (HSP-70 and HSP-90) are associated with gastroprotective and ulcer healing potentials. Reports in literatures have shown that age affects gastric ulcer healing, but the role of these heat shock proteins in relation to age has not been fully understood. This study, therefore, investigated changes in the expression of HSP-70 and HSP-90 in the gastric mucosa of 3, 6 and 18-month old rats during healing of Acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers. Male Wister rats (aged 3, 6 and 18 months) were divided into 3 groups according to their ages. Acetic acid ulcer model was used for this study. Ulcer area, oxidative stress, antioxidant markers, HSP-70 and HSP-90 concentration by ELISA and expression by immunohistochemistry was assessed. Results obtained indicate the highest percentage area healed on day 14 in 3 months old rats (100%), while percentage healing for 6 and 18 months old rats was 89.00% and 55.29%, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was directly proportional to age, while antioxidant enzyme (Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) activities were inversely proportional to age. The concentration and expression of HSP-70 were inversely proportional to age while HSP-90 had directly proportionality to age. The histological architecture also confirmed the faster rate of healing in 3-month old rats recorded in this study.This study indicates that HSP-70 and HSP-90 play different roles in age-related healing of gastric ulcers.
Physio-chemical properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Triphala Masi
Authors: Dr. Riya Sinha  , Dr. Jeevesh K.B.
Published: November 2018

Triphala is a traditional Ayurvedic herbal formulation consisting of the dried fruits of three medicinal plants Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Phyllanthus embelica. Triphala is also main ingredient of Triphala Masi and practiced very less which is unexplored. In consideration of all above the present study was planned to make an attempt to evaluate the pharmaceutical analysis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Triphala Masi. The Triphala Masi was prepared by heating at 450 °C for 150 min. The physical values like total ash, acid insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, loss on drying, pH value and loss on drying were determined. The organoleptic characters of prepared Triphala Masi were studied. The prepared Masi were black colour with charcoal like taste and burnt smell. Total ash, Acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash and loss on drying of Triphala Masi fulfill the standards criteria. pH value suggested to be acidic for Triphala Masi. Triphala Masi exhibited a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli. The above findings of pharmaceutical, analytical profile and antimicrobial study of Triphala Masi indicates that the formulation was stable and has effective antibacterial activity.
Calidad metodológica y características de las tesis de pregrado de psicología de una universidad privada del Perú
Authors: Mamani Benito Oscar Javier
Published: November 2018

Se tuvo como objetivo determinar la calidad metodológica e identificar las características de las tesis de psicología aprobadas en el periodo 2014 – 2017 en una universidad privada de Perú. Corresponde a un estudio descriptivo-bibliométrico, donde la población de estudio fueron 161 tesis aprobadas en el periodo 2014 – 2017, de las cuales se analizaron 149 archivos en extenso disponibles en el repositorio institucional. Se utilizó como instrumento el formato de calificación del informe final de trabajos de investigación creado en la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Los principales resultados indican que el 72.5% de las tesis fueron realizadas por dos autores,  el 81.2% corresponde al tipo correlacional, el 66.4% se orienta a la línea de investigación de psicología clínica y de la salud, el 47% involucró población escolar en su mayoría adolescentes (69.1%) y solo el 6% de los trabajos lograron ser publicados; en cambio, respecto a la calidad metodológica se halló que la mayoría de tesis (83) evidenciaron una calidad buena, y respecto a sus componentes se encontraron puntuaciones bajas en antecedentes (.57), tamaño muestral (.58), análisis estadístico (.43), diseño de contrastación (.49) y discusión (.53). Se concluye que las tesis sustentadas en el periodo 2014 – 2017 se caracterizan por ser de diseño no experimental, involucran mayormente población de estudio escolar en edad adolescente y mantienen una calidad entre regular a buena, evidenciando deficiencias metodológicas sobre todo en el manejo estadístico. 
Enseñanza de la geometría con el software GeoGebra en estudiantes secundarios de una institución educativa en Lima
Authors: Diaz-Nunja Luis , Rodríguez-Sosa Jorge , Lingán Susana K.
Published: November 2018

El estudio evaluó los efectos del empleo del software GeoGebra en la enseñanza de la geometría con estudiantes secundarios en el desarrollo de sus capacidades para el razonamiento y demostración, la comunicación matemática y la resolución de problemas. El marco del estudio fue la presencia creciente de tecnologías en la enseñanza escolar de las matemáticas en jóvenes de la era digital, en un contexto donde la educación favorece la participación activa de los estudiantes en el fortalecimiento de sus propias capacidades. Los estudiantes fueron observados en dos grupos, el grupo intervenido expuesto al empleo del software GeoGebra y el grupo de comparación expuesto a una enseñanza tradicional sin el empleo del software. Ambos grupos fueron evaluados con una Prueba de Evaluación del Aprendizaje en Geometría que se aplicó en momentos antes y después de la intervención. Los resultados sugieren que el empleo del software GeoGebra tuvo efectos en el fortalecimiento de las tres capacidades, con mejoras que resultaron significativas a niveles altos. También que las puntuaciones alcanzadas en el momento después fueron favorables al grupo intervenido en las tres capacidades, con diferencias significativas a niveles moderados.
Anti-inflammatory Effect of cream and ointment from 2,5- bis- (4-Nitrobenzilidine) cyclopentanoneagainst Edema in Mice Induced by Formalin
Authors: Octasari Paulina Maya , Ayuningtyas Fransiska
Published: November 2018

Creams and ointments are topical dosage forms used in the manufacture of drugs. Topical anti-inflammatory drug is a solution to problems of gastrointestinal side effects caused by taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug orally. The compound 2,5-bis (4-nitrobenzilidine) cyclopentanone is an analog of curcumin which has better anti-inflammatory activity than curcumin. This study aimed to determine the antiinflammatory effect of cream and ointment from 2,5-bis (4-nitrobenzilidine) cyclopentanoneagainst edema in mice induced by formalin. This research were experimental randomized complete design using a single factor. Twenty mice were divided into 4 groups: group I were given a cream base, the group II were given ointment base, group III were given cream compound 0.25% and group IV were given ointment compound 0.25%. The data were processed into AUC values and the percentage of anti-inflammatory effectwere calculated. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and T-test statistics. The results showed that between the dosage form had statistically difference of anti-inflammatory effect (p<0.05). The ointmentshowed a greater value of antiinflammatory activity rather than cream.
Uniformity Test Tablets Of Atorvastatin on the Market Using Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer
Authors: Rohmani Sholichah , Yugatama Adi , Ainurofiq Ahmad , Prihapsara Fea , Lady Felicitas
Published: November 2018

Atorvastatin is one of the first choice in the treatment of dyslipidemia associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Drug patent expires in 2011. Currently in Indonesia circulated atorvastatin dosage tablet innovator , several trade names , and one generic. The purpose of this study was conducted to determine the quality of the preparation of atorvastatin market in Indonesia through tablet dosage uniformity test , so that the appropriate levels of drugs can provide the desired therapeutic effect.Uniformity tablet dosage form of atorvastatin is done by measuring the uniformity of tablet weight, and content uniformity was done using ultraviolet spectrophotometry in methanol at the maximum wavelength of 246.2 nm and their validity was tested on the value of LOD (limit of detection), and LOQ (limit of quantitation). One- Way ANOVA analyzis was their also conducted.  The results showed that of the calculation data obtained , either in column A or column B that there is no deviation from the weight of the tablet , and based on the calculation of CV showed that all the tablets of atorvastatin in the market already qualified uniformity of weight as indicated by the value of CV < 5 %, and the levels atorvastatin tablet generic and tablets under the trade name meets the standard requirements of a tablet that in the range 90.0 % - 110.0 % of the amount listed on the label