bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bat assemblages in conservation areas of a metropolitan region in Southeastern Brazil, including an important karst habitat
Authors: Talamoni SA , Coelho DA , Dias-Silva LH , Amaral AS
Published: August 2013

Species richness and abundance of bats were studied in four nature reserves, including a karst area which has many potential rocky shelters for bats, such as caves and rock crevices. The reserves were located in the greater Belo Horizonte metropolitan area, one of the most populated regions of Brazil, within the Atlantic Forest, and Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) ecological domains. Bats were sampled using mist-nets and, in the karst area, also by active searches in shelters. A total of 1,599 bats were captured representing 30 species belonging to four families. There was little similarity among the four chiropteran faunas. The greatest species richness was found in the karst area with 22 species recorded whereas richness estimates in the other areas indicated the need for further studies. Two hundred and sixty-five individuals of 14 species were captured from 56 shelters. Most of the shelters were frequently used for diurnal roosts, and all the bats found belonged to the Phyllostomidae, with the exception of Myotis nigricans (Vespertilionidae), Nyctinomops laticaudatus (Molossidae) and Peropteryx macrotis (Emballonuridae). The sanguinivorous Desmodus rotundus was the most common species in the shelters. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of maintaining multiple protected areas to ensure a representative fauna of bats in a region characterized by a vegetation transition zone and with intense economic activity and high environmental impact. This study also demonstrates the importance of rock shelters for maintaining local bat richness and the importance of active searches for bats in their diurnal roosts for a more thorough sampling of the bat fauna at a given locality.
Seasonal variation of the protozooplanktonic community in a tropical oligotrophic environment (Ilha Solteira reservoir, Brazil)
Authors: Mansano AS , Hisatugo KF , Leite MA , Luzia AP , Regali-Seleghim MH
Published: August 2013

The seasonal variation of the protozooplanktonic community (ciliates and testate amoebae) was studied in a tropical oligotrophic reservoir in Brazil, which was under the influence of two contrasting climatic seasons (rainy/warm and dry/cold). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of these climatic changes on physical, chemical and biological variables in the dynamic of this community. The highest mean density of total protozoans occurred in the rainy/warm season (5683.2 ind L−1), while the lowest was in the dry/cold (2016.0 ind L−1). Considering the seasonal variations, the protozoan groups that are truly planktonic, such as the oligotrichs (Spirotrichea), predominated in the dry season, whereas during the rainy season, due to the material input and resuspension of sediment, sessile protozoans of the Peritrichia group were the most important ones. The dominant protozoans were Urotricha globosa, Cothurnia annulata, Pseudodifflugia sp. and Halteria grandinella. The highest densities of H. grandinella were associated with more oxygenated and transparent water conditions, while the highest densities of C. annulata occurred in sites with high turbidity, pH and trophic state index (TSI). The study demonstrated that density and composition of protozooplanktonic species and groups of the reservoir suffered seasonal variation due to the environmental variables (mainly temperature, turbidity, water transparency, dissolved oxygen and TSI) and the biological variables (e.g. morphological characteristics, eating habits and escape strategies from predation of the species).
Are orchid bees at risk? First comparative survey suggests declining populations of forest-dependent species
Authors: Nemésio A
Published: August 2013

The two largest Atlantic Forest remnants in the state of Espírito Santo, eastern Brazil, namely ‘Reserva Biológica de Sooretama’ (REBIO Sooretama) and ‘Reserva Natural Vale’ (RNV), were surveyed for their orchid-bee faunas. Seventeen scent baits were used to attract orchid-bee males. Three-thousand, two hundred and twenty-five males belonging to 24 species were actively collected with insect nets during 100 hours in March, April and December, 2009. In comparison with a previous study in the same area twelve years before, it is evident that the abundance of all forest-dependent orchid bees analysed declined around 50%, and it was statistically significant (P = 0.022) for Euglossa marianae Nemésio, 2011, the most sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances of all Atlantic Forest orchid bees. On the other hand, the abundance of populations of species tolerant to open or disturbed areas rose. Possible explanations are discussed.
Reproductive biology of Haemulon plumieri (Teleostei: Haemulidae) in Ceará state, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Shinozaki-Mendes RA , Santander-Neto J , Silva JRF , Hazin FHV
Published: August 2013

The Haemulon plumieri is a typical reef-associated and tropical species found in warm and temperate waters of the Western Atlantic. Due to the large fishing effort directed to H. plumieri, the knowledge about its reproductive biology is essential for correct stock management and conservation. The aim of this study was to characterise reproductive biology with a focus on its seasonal variation of gonadal maturation stages, first maturation size and fecundity. Specimens were monthly collected and a total of 119 females and 136 males were analysed. The reproductive cycle of Haemulon plumieri is seasonal, with higher activity between March and May. Size at first maturity (L50) was estimated at 16.86 and 18.55 cm for females and males, respectively. The total fecundity ranged between 17,816 and 120,333 mature oocytes per female and relative fecundity was 235 ± 63 oocyte.g−1 whereas batch fecundity varied between 20 and 25% from total fecundity. Since the species is widely caught, we suggest a closed season from March to May and to establish a minimum catch size of 18.5 cm for both sexes, since there is no evident sexual dimorphism.
First report of Maconellicoccus hirsutus(Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) and the associated parasitoid Anagyrus kamali Moursi, 1948 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), in Brazil
Authors: Marsaro Júnior AL , Peronti ALBG , Penteado-Dias AM , Morais EGF , Pereira PRVS
Published: August 2013

The pink hibiscus mealybug (PHM), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and the associated hymenopterous parasitoid, Anagyrus kamali Moursi, 1948 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), are reported for the first time in Brazil. Specimens of the PHM were collected on nine hosts plants, Annona muricata L. (Anonnaceae), Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae), Centrolobium paraensis Tul. (Fabaceae), Inga edulis Mart. (Fabaceae), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (Malvaceae), Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae), Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae) and Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae), in four municipalities in the north-northeast of the state of Roraima. The plants C. paraensis, I. edulis and C. sinensis are recorded for the first time as a hosts for PHM. Characteristic injuries observed on the host plants infested by PHM and suggestions for its management are presented.
Leukocytes respiratory burst activity as indicator of innate immunity of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus
Authors: Biller-Takahashi JD , Takahashi LS , Saita MV , Gimbo RY , Urbinati EC
Published: August 2013

The present study evaluated the assay to quantify the respiratory burst activity of blood leukocytes of pacu as an indicator of the innate immune system, using the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) to formazan as a measure of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to assess the accuracy of the assay, fish were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila and sampled one week after challenge. The A. hydrophila infection increased the leukocyte respiratory burst activity. The protocol showed a reliable and easy assay, appropriate to determine the respiratory burst activity of blood leukocytes of pacu, a neotropical fish, in the present experimental conditions.
Nanotechnology and construction: use of nanoindentation measurements to predict macroscale elastic properties of high strength cementitious composites
Authors: Silva W. R. L. da , Němeček J. , Štemberk P.
Published: August 2013

This paper aims to present the experimental results involving the use of nanoindentation measurements and prediction of macroscale elastic properties of high performance cementitious composites (HPCC). The elastic properties of HPCC mixture were evaluated at different length scales by nanoindentation (microscale), and elastic moduli and compressive strength tests (macroscale). The nanoindentation results, obtained by grid indentation with subsequent phase deconvolution, were complemented by an independent porosimetry test and inserted into a two-step analytical homogenization scheme to predict the overall macroscale properties. The final results show that the presented method allows a reliable advanced prediction of HPCC elastic properties indicating, thus, that inserting nanotechnology in the concrete industry can be promising, since it would allow the production of a more predictable composite in an easier and less expensive way.
Commentary: The Case for Routine Maintenance of Dental Implants
Authors: Wilson Thomas G. , Valderrama Pilar , Rodrigues Danieli B.C.
Published: August 2013

The large majority of dental implants are successful over the long term. Failure is usually associated with infection, trauma, inflammation, or a combination of these factors. Early identification and appropriate treatment can identify and eliminate these problems in the majority of cases. Thus routine implant maintenance structured along the guidelines for patients with periodontal diseases is recommended.
Improving fouling resistance of seawater desalination membranes via surface modification
Authors: Lee Jong-Min , Lee Hyun-Woong , Kim Yeo-Jin , Park Hyung-Gyu , Hong Sung-Pyo , Koo Ja-Young
Published: August 2013

A commercial polyamide seawater reverse osmosis membrane (Woongjin Chemical CSM) was surface-modified with fluoro-compounds. The effect of this surface modification on both water and NaCl permeability before and after organic fouling was investigated. The structural and electrical characteristics of the membrane surface were measured using atomic force microscopy and electrokinetic analysis respectively. When modified, the membrane surface showed only slight changes to the surface roughness and surface charges. The modified membrane also showed highly improved fouling resistance during cross-flow filtration of characteristic seawater organic foulants (humic acid and sodium alginate). Contact angle analysis using the Owens-Wendt theory was used to calculate the surface energy of the modified membrane. Lower surface energy of the modified membrane was identified as the key factor in the improved fouling resistance of the membranes.
A feasibility study on UV pretreatment for microfiltration and reverse osmosis membrane processes in wastewater reclamation
Authors: Jeong Ho-Young , Kim Yoon-Jin , Han Ji-Hee , Kim Dong-Ha , Sohn Jinsik , Lee Sangho , Park Soonho
Published: August 2013

Wastewater reclamation is where wastewater from various sources is purified so the water can be used by human consumption. Among many treatment options, membranes have gained an important place in wastewater reclamation. It allows the production of high quality water from wastewater, with a small footprint and affordable energy consumption. Nevertheless, membrane fouling is regarded as a serious problem due to the high fouling potential of wastewater. In this study, we applied ultraviolet (UV) processes as a pretreatment for membrane systems that are used for wastewater reclamation. Low pressure UV (LUV) and pulsed UV (PUV) were used to decompose or alter the organics in the feed water of the membranes. Effluent organic matter was characterized by total organic carbon (TOC) and UV absorbance (UVA). Also the effect of UV pretreatment on membrane fouling was investigated for microfiltration (MF) and reverse osmosis (RO) processes. The pretreatment of membranes using LUV or PUV was effective to control fouling of hollow fiber MF membranes. This is probably because of the reduction and modification of organics after UV treatments. However, the effect of UV pretreatment on RO flux was less significant, which is attributed to low fouling prophecy after MF treatment.
Modeling of transport and transformation of synthetic wastewater in irrigated soils
Authors: Erfani Agah A.
Published: August 2013

Scarcity of fresh water has led to use of low quality waters that were considered unsuitable for irrigation in the past. Mismanagement of irrigation with wastewater poses risks to deterioration of the hydraulic soil properties and pollution of groundwater. In order to study these concerns, synthetic wastewater was poured on steady-state flux one-dimensional aerobic sand columns and the results were analyzed. Four irrigation treatments with different levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were performed as a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Soil water content, electrical conductivity, water potential, and hydraulic conductivities were monitored. The CXTFIT code was used to inversely determine degradation constant and the transport parameters of the convective–dispersive equation (CDE). In all treatments the hydraulic transport properties remained constant. Conversely, the first-order kinetics degradation constant decreased in an identical way for all COD treatments. It is also concluded that if a primary treatment removes the solids, which is essential for drip irrigation, domestic wastewater, similar to our synthetic water and without toxic or pathogen elements, poses few risks for groundwater pollution.
Life cycle costs to treat secondary municipal wastewater for reuse in cooling systems
Authors: Theregowda Ranjani , Hsieh Ming-Kai , Walker Michael E. , Landis Amy E. , Abbasian Javad , Vidic Radisav , Dzombak David A.
Published: August 2013

Life cycle costs (LCC) calculated using standard databases and first-stage cost estimation methods were used to compare selected tertiary treatment processes used to treat secondary treated municipal wastewater (MWW) for reuse in thermoelectric power plant cooling systems. Use of MWW increases challenges such as scaling, bio-fouling and corrosion. Tertiary treatment coupled with chemical inhibitors can enable use of MWW in cooling systems. To determine LCC for different treatment options, a life cycle conceptual costing (LC3) tool was developed to estimate costs within conceptual accuracy range (15–40%), defined by the International Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering. LCC estimation showed that treatment alternatives with higher chemical consumption were most expensive. Operational phase of tertiary treatment and use of chemical conditioning agents dominates annual costs. Of various tertiary treatment alternatives evaluated, range of total costs to treat 7.75 million gallon/day (1 gallon = 3.79 L) – amount of water required by a 550 MW thermoelectric power plant recirculating cooling system – was estimated to be $0.91–1.32/kgal (2009 USD) excluding taxes and overhead costs. This range was found to lie between rate charged for river water withdrawal with filtration and chemical conditioning, i.e. an average of $0.74/kgal (2009 USD) for some areas of the USA, and the national average rate for potable city water, i.e. $2.95/kgal (2009 USD).
Reuse of treated wastewater in Saudi Arabia: an assessment framework
Authors: Chowdhury Shakhawat , Al-Zahrani Muhammad
Published: August 2013

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is experiencing an acute shortage of freshwater and is now looking for new water sources. In 2009, domestic water demand was 2,330 million cubic meters (MCM); about 730 MCM domestic wastewater was treated and 325 MCM of the treated wastewater (TWW) was reused. The remaining wastewater is typically discharged into the Arabian Gulf, Red Sea, sand dunes and wadis. These discharges can affect the environment and groundwater quality. This study investigated TWW reuse potential and developed a fuzzy multistage hierarchy framework for evaluating TWW reuse in Saudi Arabia. This research demonstrates that comprehensive reuse of TWW can replace approximately 1,631 MCM/yr of groundwater extraction. Reuse of TWW may produce approximately 654,500 tons of wheat (175 million US$), which is 20.5% of the national wheat demands in 2011, while the environmental pollution can be minimized. In this framework, four factors: cost, risk, benefits and social acceptance of TWW reuse were considered as the main criteria. These criteria can be evaluated using basic criteria and priority matrices following the hierarchy structure. The framework incorporates uncertainty in evaluating TWW reuse. A hypothetical case study is presented to apply the framework.
Influence of residence time of reclaimed water within distribution systems on water quality
Authors: Ajibode Oluyomi M. , Rock Channah , Bright Kelly , McLain Jean E. T. , Gerba Charles P. , Pepper Ian L.
Published: August 2013

The influence of residence time of reclaimed water within water distribution systems on microbial water quality was evaluated in two wastewater reclamation facilities in southern Arizona over a 15-month period. These utilities differed in age, geographic location, means of treatment, and disinfection (i.e. UV versus chlorine). At both facilities, samples were collected from the point of compliance (POC) directly after disinfection, and at discrete locations with increasing distance from the POC. Following entry into reclaimed water distribution systems, overall microbial water quality decreased rapidly due to microbial regrowth. However, following such regrowth, microbial concentrations remained relatively constant. Water-based opportunistic pathogens (Legionella, Mycobacterium, and Aeromonas) were frequently detected in both reclaimed water systems. In contrast, waterborne indicators such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus were rarely detected, and only at low concentrations. These dates suggest the need for new indicators of water-based pathogens to be developed. Rechlorination in one of the distribution systems only reduced the concentration of bacteria temporarily due to rapid dissipation of chlorine, and subsequent regrowth of both water-based pathogens and indicators. Amoebic activity was detected in approximately one-third of all samples tested from both utilities, but was not correlated with either water-based pathogens or indicators.
Dental malocclusion is not related to temporomandibular joint clicking: a logistic regression analysis in a patient population
Authors: Manfredini Daniele , Perinetti Giuseppe , Guarda-Nardini Luca
Published: August 2013

Objectives:

To assess the association of several dental malocclusion features with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) click sounds in a population of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients.

Materials and Methods:

Four hundred forty-two TMD patients (72% female; 32.2 ± 5.7 years, range 25–44 years) were divided into a TMJ clicking and a no-TMJ clicking group, based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) assessment. Seven occlusal features were recorded for each patient: (1) posterior crossbite, (2) overbite, (3) open bite, (4) overjet, (5) mediotrusive and (6) laterotrusive interferences and (7) retruded contact position to maximum intercuspation (RCP-MI) slide length. A logistic regression model was created to estimate the association of occlusal features with TMJ clicking.

Results:

The difference between the groups as for the prevalence of the various occlusal features was generally not statistically significant, with minor exceptions. Mediotrusive interferences (P  =  .015) and RCP-MI slide ≥2 mm (P  =  .001) were the two occlusal features that were associated with the probability of having TMJ clicking, even if the adjusted odds ratios for TMJ clicking were low for both variables (1.63 and 1.89, respectively). Moreover, the amount of variance in the prevalence of TMJ clicking that was predicted by the final model was as low as 4.5% (R2  =  0.045).

Conclusions:

Findings from the present investigation suggested that in a population of TMD patients, the contribution of dental malocclusion features to predict TMJ click sounds is minimal with no clinical relevance.
Comparison of Multivariate Analysis Methodologies in a Palliative Care Setting
Authors: Pinto Doria Isabel , Sousa Ferreira Ana , Dias Otília , Bacelar-Nicolau Helena , Le Calvé Georges
Published: August 2013

This study is focused on measuring the quality and the satisfaction with the palliative care provided to oncology patients in domicile. The SERVQUAL methodology adapted for the Portuguese context was used to evaluate the quality of palliative care and patient satisfaction. The Portuguese SERVQUAL questionnaire is composed of five perception scales and two questionnaires, one about the patient and another about the caregiver. The data analysis presented is the analysis of the answers to the five perception scales, composed of partial ordered variables, evaluating different aspects of quality and satisfaction.The data was analysed comparing metric and symbolic approaches, using Principal Component Analysis Methods and Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis Models. The results suggest that a symbolic approach provides a more comprehensive analysis for this kind of data.
The extreme value Birnbaum-Saunders model, its moments and an application in biometry
Authors: Gomes M. Ivette , Ferreira Marta , Leiva Víctor
Published: August 2013

The Birnbaum-Saunders (BS) model is a life distribution that has been widely studied and applied. Recently, a new version of the BS distribution based on extreme value theory has been introduced, named the extreme value Birnbaum-Saunders (EVBS) distribution. In this article we provide some further details on the EVBS models that can be useful as a supplement to the existing results. We use these models to analyse real survival time data for patients treated with alkylating agents for multiple myeloma. This analysis allow us to show the adequacy of these new statistical distributions and identify them as models useful for medical practitioners in order to predict survival times for such patients and evaluate changes in their treatment dose.
Application of longitudinal analysis to the analysis of height increment of pine stands – simulated data
Authors: Zawieja Bogna
Published: August 2013

One of the most important characteristics in determining the dendrometrical properties of a stand is the annual height increment of the trees. On the basis of these increments, natural phases of the trees’ life are defined. In the present study the data concern the height increments of the main trunk of 25-year-old Scots pine, as well as simulated data. Our research deals with the application of longitudinal data analysis. This analysis is usually used when measurements are taken at the same treatments at different time points. The calculations performed provide answers to the question of which annual height increments differ.
Churches of Greater Mumbai – a physio-cultural appraisal
Authors: Braganza Charlotte , Mukherji Dipti
Published: August 2013

Greater Mumbai is a mosaic of diverse languages, cultures and religions. Churches in Mumbai reflect the long association of Mumbai City and Salsette Island which comprise the present day Greater Mumbai. The churches of Greater Mumbai are relics of art, architecture and culture, as well as multi-lingual and religious tolerance. They enjoy a great history which dates back to the 16th century. With the coming of the Portuguese and British, the churches and their surrounding environment have undergone a spatial and temporal change to withstand the needs of the society with increasing population and prevalent intra-urban migration. The contributions of East Indians, Goans, Mangaloreans, Tamilians and Keralites to the progress and development of the Church in the area is immense. The present paper is an attempt to highlight the environmental history of the churches chronologically with sketches and maps. The study also analyses the geographical background and population composition in and around the churches. It brings out the emerging spatial pattern of churches in Greater Mumbai as well as the changes that have taken place over a period of time. Moreover, the paper describes the contribution of sociofugal and sociopetal forces for generating the socio-environmental scenario in the contemporary spatial framework.
Conceptual framework of value creation through CSR in separate member of value creation chain
Authors: Jonikas Donatas
Published: August 2013

The main goal of this paper is to prepare a conceptual framework which would help to determine where any kind of value might emerge while various actions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are implemented. Such conceptual framework is suggested as a backbone for further research and empiric justification in order to develop a simplified yet effective CSR outcome evaluation model which might be used in practice in any company. Such practical model should help to determine which CSR action might bring maximized value outcome with lowest costs. The main attention in this paper is concentrated only on a single company as a member of value creation chain (VCC). The paper lays foundation for perspective to develop the research in a holistic way - to evaluate the effect of CSR integration in whole VCC. Many authors have debated the different possibilities of simultaneously incorporating social, environmental and economic concerns into management thinking and practice (Aguilera et al., 2007) in organizational behavior; Buysse and Verbeke (2003); Starkey and Crane (2003); Barin-Cruz et al. (2006) in strategic management. All those scholars have been developing concept of CSR from different point of view. This paper concerns value creation through CSR as economical category. But therefore in order to indicate areas of possible value creation, various all above mentioned aspects of CSR concept are taken into account.

This paper suggests a framework of value creation through CSR, considering CSR implementation might help to create shared value for few beneficiaries simultaneously. The framework consists of all four types of responsibilities described by Carroll (1999), different levels of CSR activity, three major groups of beneficiaries (company, society, stakeholders) and areas of possible value creation.
The Function of Open Space in Architecture Versus the Function of White Space in Graphic Design
Authors: Jakoubě Helena
Published: August 2013

Open, white, or empty are all terms related to space. In architecture, as in graphic design, where 3D stands against 2D. City, house, or room versus layout of a page or poster. Is there a connection? The aim of this paper is to explore the examples from historical to contemporary works, research various functions of open space in architecture, focused on living, indoor and outdoor public areas, and white space in printed graphic design. The functions described and examined here are mainly contrast, economics, luxury and comfort, aesthetics and balance, social but also the functionality often connected to use or spirituality. These functions indicate why architects and designers started to search for freedom of structure and project the open and white space into their constructions and layouts. In many cases, the context plays a key role and hence is also explored and discussed in detail.

An important part of this work is to make the comparison between open and white space and their functions and prove on the selected examples whether the space we live in is comparable to the layout and composition in graphic design.
Instruments for Disease-Specific Quality-of-Life Measurement in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Systematic Review / Инструменты Для Оценки Специфического Качества Жизни Пациентов, Больных Сахарным Диабетом Типа 2
Authors: Levterova Boryana A. , Dimitrova Donka D. , Levterov Georgi E. , Dragova Elena A.
Published: August 2013

Diabetes mellitus is a disease which carries a considerable social impact in Bulgaria and across the world because of its high prevalence. Research literature has recently included lots of studies investigating the effects of diabetes mellitus on the quality of life of diabetic patients and also many instruments to assess these effects. Quality of life is a concept that encompasses an individual‘s subjective perception of physical, emotional and social wellbeing, including both a cognitive component (satisfaction) and an emotional component (happiness). We review and analyse in the present article major determinants of disease-specific quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the tools used for assessment.

RESULTS: Fourteen instruments for measuring quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) met our search criteria. Their contents covered different quality-of-life domains or indicators - typical diabetes symptoms, general health and quality of life, personality traits, physical functioning, mental and social well-being, treatment and quality of life. Most of the disease-specific tools had been field tested and data about their reliability and validity have been reported. Few tools had been subjected to formal assessment of their adaptability to changes.

CONCLUSIONS: Of the instruments we assessed the most promising approaches for measuring the diabetes-specific quality of life are offered by ADDQoL, DСP and WBQ. Patients were involved in the development of these tools which have been shown by a number of studies to have good internal reliability, external and construct validity. Efforts are being continually made worldwide to develop a standard ensuring valid, reliable, easy to use tool for assessing quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in order to promote patients integration into society.
Human Resource Development in a Small Company
Authors: Bernik Mojca , Kermc Dušanka
Published: August 2013

The small business sector is often overlooked in human resource development researches, despite representing a large portion of the total economy. Very few studies exist on the subject of human resources development needs analysis in small organisations. Development plans remain mostly unwritten, which can lead to the impression that development is not being implemented or planned and is therefore not valid. This paper presents case study of the existing human resource development system in a small company PAN -JAN d.o.o. The research included 80% of all employees, which is 20 out of 25. The research examined the correlation between the additional education and better business performance, analysis of variance on age and number of courses and discriminant analysis on age, years of service, levels of education and legally required education and training programmes. In discussion are proposed changes or improvements, as well as a human resource development model.
Ski Jumping – Talent Battle in a Learning Organization
Authors: Ferjan Marko , Mežnar Mitja , Jereb Eva
Published: August 2013

The concepts of learning organization and organizational learning have made a significant contribution to the development of some major global companies such as Nokia, Oracle, Microsoft and others. This article explores whether the learning organization concept has proved successful in sports, specifically in ski jumping. The study was conducted among ski jumpers who compete in the World Cup. The questionnaire was distributed to 130 ski jumpers, and 54 correctly completed questionnaires were returned. The study has indicated that ski jumping is a sport of distinct individualists. Individual talent is an extremely important factor for success in this sport. We can say with absolute certainty that all surveyed ski jumpers are able to take 16th to 50th place in a World Cup race. The differences between competitors are very minor, even in the biggest races. Therefore, when it comes to success, every single detail matters. We have identified a weak correlation between the best sporting achievement and collaboration in the testing of new equipment. In the past, some of the best results were achieved on the basis of experimentation, but contemporary coaches do not dare to over-experiment with the technique. Too frequent progress measurements place a burden on competitors. There is a positive correlation between the frequency of individual analysis and the success of a competitor, while the best achievement and variables from “team work” group are negatively correlated. The relationships within a team are obviously very complex.
Identification Elements of Optimal Organisational Model of Tourism Education in Slovenia
Authors: Ovsenik Marija
Published: August 2013

The main aim of the research was to identify the elements of a suitable organisational educational model for tourism in Slovenia. Our research was based on the need of inner circular reflexive performance of the individual in the tourism education model, institutionalised concept of education, which is viewed by outer reflexive model of tourism educational institutions performance and functional practical interaction of individuals and tourism institutions at the development of innovative potentials in the field of tourism. Tendencies to develop complex and qualitative services coming from permanent strengthening of innovative potential of tourism services are common in this field. It is necessary to develop a suitable model in the field of tourism education that places an individual in the educational process taking into account his/her conscious reflection, rational reflection and acquired motivation for solving complex projects in various levels of tourism. Suitable tourism education model, which is level-structured, is expanded in two ways. It includes the active role of an individual in rationalising practical knowledge and strengthening the innovative potential in developing his/her competences, and the role of tourism education institutions. The organisational cultural dimension can be observed as dual activity structure distinguishing between conscious reflection of the external environment on the level of educational institution and internal practical consciousness on the level of individual development of competences. Giddens structuration theory is used as a conceptual frame explaining the organisational-cultural dimensions of suitably structured educational model for tourism in Slovenia. The conclusion is based on the fact that an individual does not acknowledge the multilevel structure of study at higher education where there is an absence of conscious, practical and motivational reflection. Organisational cultural environment in the field of tourism education in Slovenia prefers practical and functional ways of acquiring competences on a higher and postgraduate (Master’s) level of study. Due to the structured changes implemented by the Bologna process, competences are not realised on the higher education level but on the postgraduate (Master’s) level, which demands a systematic review and a suitable education model change.
Changes in expression of calbindin 28 kDa in the small intestine of red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectin-treated suckling piglets
Authors: Zacharko-Siembida A. , Valverde Piedra J.L. , Arciszewski M.B.
Published: August 2013

Calbindin (CB) is a calcium binding protein playing a role in calcium uptake and anti-apoptotic cellular protection. The expression of CB was immunohistochemically studied in the small intestine of normal and red bean kidney lectin-treated suckling piglets. In the duodenum and jejunum (but not ileum) of lectin-treated animals overexpression of CB was noted in chromogranin A-immunoreactive (CgA-IR) neuroendocrine (NE) cells. In both control and experimental group a small population of CB-IR NE cells exhibited the presence of somatostatin (but not serotonin, histamine or CRF). After the lectin treatment, an increased (however not statistically significant) immunoreactivity to CB was found in a small subpopulation of neurons of outer submucous (but not inner submucous and myenteric) plexus. It is suggested that there is a functional interaction between lectin administration and CB-expression in the porcine small intestine. Future studies will be needed to clarify this processes.
Cytoprotective effect of silybin against lasalocid-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells
Authors: Radko L. , Cybulski W. , Rzeski W.
Published: August 2013

Lasalocid is an ionophore coccidiostatic agent frequently used in poultry. Its extensive use causes the formation of residues in edible tissues and eggs which may pose a risk to consumers. Silybin is the main compound extracted from the herb milk thistle Silybum marianum and its hepatoprotective effect has been reported in literature.

The aim of the study was to compare lasalocid and silybin cytotoxic effects followed by their combined use in HepG2 cell line. A cytoprotective effect resulting from the interaction of both pharmacologically active substances was measured.

In this study, an MTT test, coomassie brillant blue binding test, and LDH release test determined the effective concentration (EC50) of the compounds. The isobolograms and combination index were used to assess the nature of interaction.

The lowest EC50-value for lasalocid was established via the MTT test. This study revealed a lack of silybin cytotoxic effect on the cells. Co-actions of the two drugs led to a significant decrease of lasalocid cytotoxicity. The isobolograms and combination index showed a remarkable antagonistic effect in the course of silybin and lasalocid interaction.

The results indicate that silybin revealed a cytoprotective effect when incubated with lasalocid since its cytotoxic impact on HepG2 cells has been significantly diminished.
Plasmid profile analysis and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from table chicken eggs
Authors: Pyzik E. , Marek A.
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize Staphylococcus aureus bacteria present on the shell surfaces and in the contents of chicken eggs, taking into account their phenotypic properties, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and the presence of plasmid DNA. The study included 90 table chicken eggs from laying farms situated in the vicinity of Lublin. A total of 105 bacterial strains identified as Staphylococcus were isolated from the material, of which 18 (17.14%) were of the species Staphylococcus aureus. All 18 S. aureus strains were found to be resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested, while some (55.55%) showed resistance to five or more of the 17 therapeutic agents. The greatest number of strains showed resistance to erythromycin (66.66%), tetracycline (66.66%), oxytetracycline (61.11%), penicillin G (50%), and amoxicillin (44.44%). The plasmid profile analysis of the S. aureus strains made it possible to evaluate the dependence between antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of plasmids in particular isolates. The results showed that plasmids in various quantities and of varying molecular weights were isolated from 17 of the strains. Most often isolated were small plasmids, of 5.6 kb - from 11 of the S. aureus strains (61.11%), 2.5 kb - from 9 strains (50%), 4.1 kb - from 8 (44.44%), and 4.6 kb - from 7 (38.88%) of the strains.
The effects of experimental administration of low doses of zearalenone on the histology of ovaries in pre-pubertal bitches
Authors: Gajęcka M.
Published: August 2013

The experiment involved 30 clinically healthy Beagle bitches aged approximately 70 days with an initial body weight of approximately 8 kg. The animals were randomly divided into two experimental groups (EI and EII) and a control group of 10 animals each. Group EI was administered 50 μg of body weight zearalenone/kg per os for 42 days, group EII received 75 μg of body weight zearalenone/kg per os for 42 days, and the control group was administered placebo per os for 42 days. The bitches were ovariectomized at the end of the treatment period for anatomopathological examination. At the same time, peripheral blood samples were collected for endocrinological analyses (17β-estradiol and progesterone). Administartion of zearalenone particularly higher doses, resulted in the hyperestrogenism degeneration and atrophy of ovarian cells and tissues with accompanying edema and blood extravasation, leading to increased 17β-estradiol concentrations and an insignificant decrease in progesterone levels.
The effect of different dietary levels of vitamin E and selenium on antioxidant status and immunological markers in serum of laying hens
Authors: Zduńczyk Z. , Drażbo A. , Jankowski J. , Juśkiewicz J. , Czech A. , Antoszkiewicz Z.
Published: August 2013

The effect of different dietary levels of selenium (Se) and vitamin E on egg production, the antioxidant status and the immune system response of hens was investigated in the current study. A total of 32 Lohman Brown hens were divided into four groups and were fed diets with 5% of soybean oil and two levels of Se (0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg) and vitamin E (30 and 60 mg/kg). During 10 weeks of experimental feeding, the body weights of hens and egg production were similar in all dietary treatments, but a higher Se content of diets contributed to a significant increase in egg weight. A higher vitamin E level significantly increased α-tocopherol concentrations (2.71 vs. 2.05 μg/mL, p = 0.001), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (43.3 vs. 39.9 U/mL, p = 0.049) and the ferric reducing ability of serum (FRAP) (123.0 vs. 105.7 μmol/L, p = 0.029). A higher Se content increased the concentrations of ascorbic acid (0.309 vs. 0.073 μg/L, p = 0.001), retinol (1.48 vs. 1.15 μg/mL, p = 0.001) and α-tocopherol (2.86 vs. 1.90 μg/mL, p = 0.001), the activity levels of catalase (3.40 vs. 2.98 U/L, p = 0.010) and SOD (43.4 vs. 30.8 U/mL, p = 0.040) as well as the total antioxidant status (TAS) of serum (0.38 vs. 0.28 mmol/L, p = 0.026). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) between treatments, while a higher vitamin E content of diets increased serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations (370.6 vs. 321.3 μg/mL, p = 0.026). Higher dietary levels of vitamin E and Se increased the serum concentrations of retinol (1.66 vs. 2.20 μg/mL, p = 0.013) and α-tocopherol (3.33 vs. 1.71, p = 0.014), but they had no effect on the other physiological parameters. It is recommended that the levels of both supplements, Se and vitamin E, be increased in laying hen diets as they have a beneficial effect on the serum concentrations of retinol and α -tocopherol
Influence of mutation in cj0183 and cj0588 genes for colonization abilities of Campylobacter jejuni in Caco-2 cells using confocal laser scanning microscope
Authors: Sałamaszyńska-Guz A. , Godlewski M.M. , Klimuszko D.
Published: August 2013

The cj0183 and cj0588 genes identified in the Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 genome encode proteins with homology to virulence factors found in other bacteria. Previous studies showed that single mutation in the cj0183 gene does not affect adhesion of C. jejuni to the Caco-2 cell line whereas protein encoded by cj0588 is involved in adherence to the Caco-2 cells. In the presented study differences in invasion index were observed between mutants in both genes and single mutation of cj0588 in 81116 and 81-176 C. jejuni strains. This fact indicates that Cj0183 protein might play some role in invasion of bacteria into host cells.
Redox signals as a language of interorganellar communication in plant cells
Authors: Kopczewski Tomasz , Kuźniak Elżbieta
Published: August 2013

Plants are redox systems and redox-active compounds control and regulate all aspects of their life. Recent studies have shown that changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration mediated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are transferred into redox signals used by plants to activate various physiological responses. An overview of the main antioxidants and redox signaling in plant cells is presented. In this review, the biological effects of ROS and related redox signals are discussed in the context of acclimation to changing environmental conditions. Special attention is paid to the role of thiol/disulfide exchange via thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs) and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) in the redox regulatory network. In plants, chloroplasts and mitochondria occupying a chloroplasts and mitochondria play key roles in cellular metabolism as well as in redox regulation and signaling. The integrated redox functions of these organelles are discussed with emphasis on the importance of the chloroplast and mitochondrion to the nucleus retrograde signaling in acclimatory and stress response.
On the Uniqueness and Continuous Dependence in the Linear Theory of Thermo-Microstretch Elasticity Backward in Time
Authors: Bulgariu Emilian
Published: August 2013

We study the uniqueness and the continuous dependence problems for the thermo-microstretch elastic processes backward in time. The data are given for the final time t = 0 and we want to study the solution at the previous moments. We transform the problem in a boundary-initial value problem by an appropriate change of variables. The uniqueness theorems presented in this article extend in a particular case the uniqueness theorem of Passarella and Tibullo (2010) and we also discuss a different class of problems than the one considered by them. We find some estimates that prove the continuous dependence of solution with respect to the final data.
Generalized Cofinitely δ-Semiperfect Modules
Authors: Yüzbaşi Figen , Eren Şenol
Published: August 2013

Let R be a ring and M be a left R-module. M is called a cofinitely generalized (weak) δ-supplemented module or briey a δ-CGS-module (δ-CGWS-module) if every cofinite submodule of M has a generalized (weak) δ-supplement in M. In this paper, we give various properties of these modules. It is shown that (1) The class of cofinitely generalized (weak) δ-supplemented modules are closed under taking homomorphic images, arbitrary sums, generalized δ-covers and closed under extensions. (2) M is a generalized cofinitely δ-semiperfect module if and only if M is a cofinitely generalized δ-supplemented by generalized δ-supplements which have generalized projective δ-covers.