bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Branding Olympic Idealism: The Kenya Amateur Athletic Association's Commercial Sojourn in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, before the 1996 Atlanta Games
Authors: Mallett Cam
Published: January 2025

Before the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, the Kenya Amateur Athletic Association (KAAA) organized a two-week training camp in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, for its athletes to acclimate to the heat and humidity of the American South. Half of Kenya's best runners never showed, instead competing at prestigious track meets in Europe offering lucrative prizes. In the media frenzy that followed, the KAAA characterized the athletes as self-centered deserters, while the Hattiesburg tourism bureau used the opportunity to sell southern Mississippi as a desirable travel destination. To make their respective narratives more compelling for the press, the KAAA and Hattiesburg infused them with the language of Olympic ideals, such as global unity and representing one's country well. The success of both the KAAA and Hattiesburg in furthering their narratives demonstrates how organizations and communities unaffiliated with host cities can harness the power of the Olympic brand for their own commercial ends.
Factors Influencing High-Performing Education Systems: A Case Study of Singapore
Authors: Chen Qiuyi
Published: January 2025

Singapore’s remarkable performance in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has placed it among the world’s high-performing education systems (HPES). Taking Singapore as an example, this article analyzes the factors that affect the high-performing education system. These factors include education reform, the quality of teacher education, school leadership, and cultural context. Firstly, the influence of the basic education curriculum reform on the high-efficiency education system in Singapore is mainly reflected in three areas, which are training objectives, school system, and curriculum setting. Secondly, quality of teacher education includes the following aspects, namely rigorous selection and training, continuous professional development, teacher performance evaluation, and career development paths. Thirdly, the strategic investment in school leadership programs has built a robust capacity for effective educational change and improvement. Fourthly, the cultural context of Singapore, with its test-oriented and centralized educational framework, reinforces a meritocratic ideology that supports standardized national curriculum and high-stakes exams, which have been instrumental in driving the system’s high performance. Based on the above factors, this paper also puts forward some measures, taking educational diversion, setting up a special principal training program, and creating a high-quality teacher development road, that other countries can learn from to promote the development of their education systems.
The Implement of Interdisciplinary Thematic Learning of Discipline of History in The Secondary School
Authors: Xie Zhiping
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, the History Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education (2022 Edition) is the newest educational standard of history discipline. There is an obvious difference from the last standard. the Interdisciplinary Thematic Learning of discipline of history being the main object in my paper is one of an obvious difference. In the curriculum standards, there is a clear and accurate discipline on Interdisciplinary Thematic Learning of discipline of History. And main five guided principles expressed on paper should be obeyed whenever teachers design and practice a whole progress of the interdisciplinary thematic learning of discipline of history. The last but no least is that there are no clear requirements on feedback and of Interdisciplinary Thematic Learning of discipline of History. So, the part about how to evaluate and how get feedback can be discussed with more liberty.
Towards a New Industrial Revolution? Entropy and its Challenges
Authors: Stiegler Bernard , Montevil Maël , Chaix Victor , Chollat-Namy Marie , White Joel
Published: January 2025

This is a transcribed and translated  a podcast of the interview concerning the 1st chapter of the book Biurquer: Il n’y a pas d’alternative [Bifurcate: There Is No Alternative] on the scientific, technological and political stakes of the notion of entropy. The discussion took place between Bernard Stiegler, Maël Montévil, Marie Chollat-Namy and Victor Chaix, on the 1st of July 2020.
Zastosowanie wysokosprawnej chromatografii cieczowej sprzężonej z tandemową spektrometrią mas lub z detekcją fluorescencyjną do oznaczania chlorowodorku doksorubicyny w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy
Authors:   Wioletta Mysur, Bonczarowska Marzena ,   Sławomir Brzeźnicki
Published: January 2025

Chlorowodorek doksorubicyny (DOX) w temperaturze pokojowej jest krystalicznym ciałem stałym o czerwonym zabarwieniu. Związek stosuje się jako cytostatyk w leczeniu różnych postaci raka (rak jajnika, rak płuca, rak piersi, rak żołądka). Jest także stosowany jako cytostatyk w praktyce weterynaryjnej. Doksorubicyna podejrzewana jest o działanie rakotwórcze dla ludzi i negatywny wpływ na rozrodczość. DOX może działać również kardiotoksycznie oraz hamująco na czynność szpiku kostnego. Celem pracy było przygotowanie odpowiednio czułej i selektywnej metody oznaczania chlorowodorku doksorubicyny w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy, która umożliwi pomiar stężenia tego związku, a następnie pozwoli na dokonanie oceny narażenia zawodowego. Metoda polega na zatrzymaniu chlorowodorku doksorubicyny na filtrze z włók-na szklanego, ekstrakcji filtra mieszaniną acetonitryl: woda z dodatkiem (0,1%) kwasu mrówkowego i chromatograficznej analizie otrzymanego roztworu techniką LC-MS/MS lub LC-FLD. Zaproponowany sposób ekstrakcji DOX z filtrów umożliwia wysoki odzysk analitu. Średnia (dla trzech stężeń) wartość wydajności ekstrakcji wynosi 105,5%. Zależność wskazań spektrometru mas lub detektora fluorescencyjnego w funkcji stężeń DOX ma charakter liniowy (odpowiednio r = 0,9994 i r = 0,9993) w zakresie stężeń 0,0108 ÷ 0,216 µg/ml. Metoda charakteryzuje się dobrą precyzją i dokładnością, spełnia wymagania normy PN-EN 482:2021-08 dla procedur dotyczących oznaczania czynników chemicznych. Opracowana metoda oznaczania chlorowodorku doksorubicyny w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy została zapisana w postaci procedury analitycznej, którą zamieszczono w załączniku. Zakres tematyczny artykułu obejmuje zagadnienia zdrowia oraz bezpieczeństwa i higieny środowiska pracy będące przedmiotem badań z zakresu nauk o zdrowiu oraz inżynierii środowiska.
Research on MaiMen Phenomenon: Co-creating with Consumers
Authors: Lin Chuxin
Published: January 2025

The "MaiMen" phenomenon, a playful internet trend surrounding McDonald's and its products, has captured the imagination of Chinese Generation Z consumers, who have grown up alongside the fast-food brand. This paper explores the co-creative relationship between McDonald's and its devoted customers, often referred to as "Mai Men devotees," who express their loyalty through humor, memes, and social media engagement. The study delves into how this bidirectional interaction not only fosters consumer behavior but also cements McDonald's positive brand image. By examining the multimodal presentation forms of the "MaiMen" culture, including its manifestation on platforms like TikTok and Xiaohongshu, the research highlights the effectiveness of user-generated content in promoting organic brand growth. It is concluded that by integrating consumer voices with brand values and continuously engaging with the audience, McDonald's can maintain a strong, culturally relevant presence. This case study offers valuable insights for other brands seeking to enhance their connection with consumers and build a favorable reputation in an increasingly digital world.
Artificial Intelligence in Legal Systems: Examining Gender Bias and the Role of UK Legal Frameworks in Addressing It
Authors: Huang Muzeng
Published: January 2025

This study examines the gender discrimination of Artificial Intelligence (AI) used in the legal system, focusing on risk assessment, facial recognition, and decision-making and decision-support tools. The study delves into the use of AI in the legal system, examining how its reliance on historical data, under/over-representation, and homogeneity of development teams perpetuate existing gender biases. The study then analyses the implications of the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR) and the proposed Data Protection and Digital Information (DPPI) Bill in addressing gender biases in AI. Nevertheless, the study finds the need for a more robust and proactive legal framework that addresses the root causes of these biases in the design and implementation of AI systems. The paper concludes by proposing a framework to effectively address gender bias in AI systems used in the legal system. The framework outlines explicit obligations across policymakers, companies, and end users to ensure the development and deployment of bias-free AI systems. Its role is to provide comprehensive guidelines and oversight mechanisms that promote proactive measures to prevent gender bias. The framework aims to create a more equitable legal environment for everyone.
A Comparative Study of Teacher Training Systems in China and Nigeria
Authors: Xu Nuo
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the historical background and cultural influences of the teacher training systems in China and Nigeria and the characteristics of their training systems. First, it analyses the traditional culture and modern management model of teacher training in China, emphasising the combination of professional ethics and professional competence. Subsequently, the impact of Nigeria's multicultural background on its teacher training is explored, pointing out its complex training system in the context of geographical and cultural differences. Finally, by comparing the differences between the two countries in terms of objectives, methods and contents of teacher training, corresponding recommendations are made, such as the suggestion that Chinese teacher training can add more excellent traditional culture and encourage teachers to incorporate it into their daily lessons. Teacher training in Nigeria should be more targeted, taking into account the specific local cultural background, infrastructure, etc., to improve the professionalism and quality of teachers and provide a reference for improving the professional level of teachers and the quality of education.
Application of Hydrogel Microneedles in the Prevention of Hypertrophic Scars
Authors: Li Xiansong , Liao Zixi , Ding Haochuan
Published: January 2025

The scar hyperplasia period lasts several years, and the subsequent atrophy period can make it difficult for patients to recognize. The pain and functional damage caused during this process are equivalent to secondary damage to the patient's physical and mental health. However, the previous scar repair methods have some shortcomings. Surgical resection cannot guarantee that the scar will not recur, and the use of dressings makes it difficult for drugs to penetrate the skin, resulting in low drug absorption. However, the previous scar repair methods have some shortcomings. Surgical resection cannot guarantee that the scar will not recur, and the use of dressings makes it difficult for drugs to penetrate the skin, resulting in low drug absorption. Therefore, microneedles have been considered a new scar repair method due to their painlessness, convenience, and other advantages. Among all the materials, hydrogel is considered one of the most suitable materials for preparing microneedles, due to its fantastic biocompatibility and biodegradability. This article will introduce scar formation, scar repair drug gallic acid, and hydrogels by classification and examples. After discussion, we found that synthetic hydrogels and natural hydrogels have advantages and disadvantages, to combine their benefits, we need to develop composite hydrogels, however, this is a lot of energy and money, we hope that more and easier to prepare, with better performance of composite hydrogels can be developed in the future
The potential anti-cancer effects of quercetin on cancer therapy
Authors: Cai Yuyang
Published: January 2025

Quercetin is a natural flavonoid widely found in many foods. Its unique pharmacological effects include antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and tumor growth inhibition. Numerous experimental studies have revealed that quercetin has a significant bioactive mechanism to inhibit the development of cancer cells, which provides a strong scientific basis for its application in the field of anticancer. Quercetin exerts its anti-cancer effects by regulating multiple signaling pathways, stopping the cell cycle, preventing cell proliferation, and triggering cell death. This mechanism stops cancer cells from metastasizing and from developing further. It has potential research value as an adjuvant therapy for cancer treatment. In this study, the biological properties of quercetin, the mechanism of anticancer action, and the relevant data in the preclinical and clinical stages were reviewed. This article focuses on the new development of quercetin in the field of cancer comprehensive treatment, aiming to provide reference for the possibility of adopting quercetin as a drug option in clinical treatment and help improve its bioutilization efficiency in patients
Morfodinâmica e Etchplanação de Vertente no Sul da Amazônia
Authors: Santos Salem Leandro Moura dos , Silva Filho Eliomar  Pereira da , Santos Júnior Paulo Sérgio Mendes dos
Published: January 2025

Este estudo tem o objetivo de compreender a dinâmica evolutiva pedogeomorfológica de uma vertente convexa na Bacia do Igarapé Belmont em Porto Velho – Rondônia. Por meio de avaliações de potencialidades de erosão em diferentes topografias ao longo do curso desta vertente e aberturas de trincheiras de 1,5 metro de profundidade e retiradas de amostras para análises granulométricas, floculação e ataque sulfúrico visando a Análise Estrutural da Cobertura Pedológica davertente, com fins de emprego da Teoria de Etchplanção de evolução da paisagem.A tendência futura desta vertente tenderá a retilinizar-se, com o sopé mais côncavo e o meio mais retilíneo (com pequena declividade). No sopé desta, há o aparecimento de “saltos” de descontinuidade de elevação, devido ao colapso estrutural das camadas mais superficiais do solo por maior movimentação e exfiltração de partículas suspensas em água, principalmente argila.
A comprehensive education for an economically sustainable society in the Argentine Republic
Authors: Vázquez Patricia G.
Published: January 2025

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development establishes education as a fundamental tool to raise awareness about the importance of sustainable development, highlighting the importance of aligning educational policies in Argentina with international standards. There is growing interest and some promising initiatives in sustainable education in Argentina, but significant barriers still must be overcome. Teacher training and the integration of sustainability into curricula are key aspects that need attention to move towards an educational system that fosters an active commitment to sustainable development.
Understanding Factors Influencing Length of Stay for Seizure Patients in Emergency Departments
Authors: AlMulhim Mohammed , AlGhamdi Faisal , Alharbi Zeyad , Alharbi Rakan , AlOmair Abdulmalek , Alfryyan Abdulrahman , AlGhamdi Omar , AlSolo Bader , AlMomen Omnia , Albloushi Basmah , Slosfoor Mariam , Alghamdi Mohammed , AlMaghraby Nisreen
Published: January 2025

Background: Seizures are frequent presentations in emergency departments (EDs) requiring comprehensive evaluation and management. Prolonged length of stay (LOS) for seizure patients can impact patient care and healthcare resource utilization. Understanding the factors influencing LOS in this population is crucial for optimizing ED operations. Objective: This retrospective study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the LOS of seizure patients presenting to the ED. Methods: The study was conducted at an academic tertiary care center with a busy ED serving a diverse patient population. A retrospective cross-sectional design was employed to analyze data from electronic medical records of seizure patients aged ≥18 years presenting to the ED between 1/1/2020 and 31/12/2022. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, including seizure type, medication adherence, comorbidities, and diagnostic interventions. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests and logistic regression to identify significant associations between variables and LOS. Results: Of the 121 seizure patients included, factors significantly associated with prolonged LOS (>4 hours) included generalized tonic-clonic seizures, non-compliance to medication, breakthrough seizures, and diagnostic interventions such as CT head scans and neurology consultations. Conversely, known cases of seizure and absence of comorbidities were associated with shorter LOS (≤4 hours). Conclusion: Our study identifies several factors influencing the LOS for seizure patients in the ED, providing insights for optimizing patient care and resource allocation. Strategies aimed at addressing these factors may lead to improved efficiency and better outcomes for seizure patients in the ED.
Enabling and constraining
Authors:   , van Erkelens Amba Maria
Published: January 2025

Social entrepreneurship is widely regarded as a powerful mechanism for addressing many of today’s most urgent social and environmental challenges. In research and success narratives, social entrepreneurs are often portrayed as central drivers of change. However, such views frequently overlook the complex and reciprocal influence of their environments, resulting in unrealistic expectations and incomplete theoretical perspectives. This dissertation challenges these narratives by investigating the dynamic interplay between social entrepreneurship and context. The research is structured around three key inquiries: how social entrepreneurs actively shape enabling contexts, how they demonstrate resilience in constraining conditions, and how they navigate the complexities of embedding circular business models within linear economic systems. Insights are derived from a rich qualitative methodology, including ethnography and longitudinal case studies of Dutch social enterprises. By examining how social entrepreneurs interact with enabling and constraining contextual elements, this research reveals social entrepreneurship as a deeply relational and context-dependent process.
Students Knowledge towards Healthy Lifestyle in Thi-Qar Technical Institution, Iraq
Authors: Jassim Salar Riyadh
Published: January 2025

Background: Healthy lifestyle practices have been emphasized as an essential factor in health promotion and illness prevention. Individuals who engaged good lifestyle practices early in childhood are better able to tolerate health hazards later in life.
Objectives of this study was to assess the students’ knowledge about healthy lifestyle in Thi-Qar Technical Institute.
Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study of 126 university students conducted at the Thi-Qar Technical Institute. Pre-tested, structured questionnaires were employed. A stratified random sample approach was applied to guarantee representation from different academic departments, age groups, and genders.
Results: A total of 126 students participated, of which75.4% were female. 58.7% were aged between 20 to 24 years. More than half (75.4 %) of the study participants were female. 54% of students had a medium knowledge level, followed by 42% whose knowledge level was good, while 4% had a poor knowledge level. Our study found no statistically significant relationship between the level of students’ knowledge about a healthy lifestyle and demographic characteristics (P-value>0.05).
Conclusion: Overall students’ knowledge about a healthy lifestyle were acceptable. Intervention educational programs can greatly enhance students' healthy lifestyle behaviors and health outcomes.
Situational and Content-analysis of the Literary Texts in the Variants of Textbooks in Geography and Economics for Tenth Grade
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Draganova Tamara
Published: January 2025

The article presents a situational and content analysis of all versions of textbooks in geography and economics for tenth grade. The topic for the application of literary artistic texts in the new textbooks in geography as a horizontal interaction and interdisciplinary reading of the training for the native country is studied. The interdisciplinary synthesis between geography and literature is traced by authors, works and topics of the educational content.
ABORDAGENS ATUAIS PARA DIAGNÓSTICO E PROGNÓSTICO DO GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: Vieira Guilherme Wehner Almeida , Goiozo Isabella da Silva Freitas , Oliveira Vinicius Soares de , Anastácio Thaís de Oliveira
Published: January 2025

Os gliomas são conjuntos de tumores do Sistema Nervoso Central que atacam as células gliais sendo o glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) a neoplasia primária maligna mais comum, possuindo uma baixa taxa de sobrevivência dos pacientes diagnosticados. Tendo em consideração a gravidade desse glioma, a importância do diagnóstico precoce e as perspectivas de tratamento e sobrevivência dos pacientes foram analisadas obras literárias de natureza científica, sínteses de literatura e documentos científicos para a realização desta pesquisa bem como pesquisas clínicas, revisões documentais, trabalhos monográficos e trabalhos de conclusão de curso publicados entre 2015 e 2023 ao que tange o comportamento biológico dos glioblastomas, biomarcadores, biópsia líquida, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética. Concernente ao rastreamento enfatizar a biópsia líquida por sua efetividade ao localizar no sangue, urina ou demais fluidos corporais fragmentos de DNA tumoral liberados no sangue sendo reconhecida como padrão de tratamento para doentes oncológicos. Quanto ao diagnóstico destacasse a ressonância magnética nuclear com uso do contraste gadolínio por detectar características típicas nas sequências. Este trabalho auxilia na consolidação do conhecimento já adquirido e sugere caminhos promissores para estudos futuros, enfatizando a relevância da pesquisa contínua sobre o Glioblastoma Multiforme.
Understanding the Role of OLAP and OLTP in Managing and Interpreting Student Data for SEAIT Scholarship System
Authors: Rose Banaybanay , Claire Bulalaque , Krishan Aea C Dela Cruz , Abner Garzon John , Ritz Laraño , Carl T. Lloren Kevin , John J Patricio Brendyll
Published: January 2025

This study understandsthe role of OLAP and OLTP in Managing and Interpreting Student Data for SEAIT Scholarship System. Using qualitative methods, such as semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, the research investigates the experiences and perspectives of key stakeholders, including scholarship coordinatorand administrative staffs.The findings reveal challenges in the current system, such as inefficiencies in data retrieval, delays in reporting, and difficulties in real-time data access. Stakeholders highlighted the need for improved data analytics and transactional processing to support better decision-making and operational efficiency. The study identifies key areas for enhancement, including the integration of OLAP for advanced reporting and insights and OLTP for real-time transactional support.By providing a qualitative analysis of the stakeholders' experiences and expectations, this research offers valuable recommendations for improving the SEAIT Scholarship System. These include implementing a more robust data management framework, training staff on analytical tools, and ensuring system scalability to meet future demands
Optimizing User Interface and User Experience: Exploring Design Improvements for the School Library System
Authors: Elined Eve Bacalando , Louie Jay Candame , Chemberlyn Crodua , Nelson Dorato Marc , Jason Lagunday , Judie Bea Pamplona , Kristene Yunson
Published: January 2025

This study explores the impact of modern User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) principles on the effectiveness of a school library system. With advancements in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and an increasing emphasis on user-centered design, the current library system, which faces usability challenges and outdated design practices, has become a barrier to user satisfaction and engagement. The research aims to identify specific usability issues and apply UI/UX best practices to enhance the system's functionality, ease of use, and overall user experience. Through usability testing and user feedback, the study evaluates design flaws such as inefficient navigation,poor color schemes, and cumbersome data entry processes, and investigates how their resolution can improve system performance. Findings reveal that incorporating intuitive navigation, clearer labeling, and modern visual elements, such as optimized button sizes and improved color contrast, significantly enhance task completion efficiency and user satisfaction. Despite some lingering response time issues, the research highlights the critical role of UI/UX design in creating more accessible, engaging, and efficient digital platforms, contributing to improved user experiences and overall system effectiveness in library management.
Управління мотивацією персоналу в закладах вищої освіти
Authors: Шостаковська А. В. , Денисенко А. А.
Published: January 2025

Стаття присвячена дослідженню управління мотивацією персоналу в закладах вищої освіти (ЗВО), що є важливим аспектом підвищення якості освітнього процесу та досягнення успішності студентів. Автори аналізують значення мотиваційних стимулів, як фінансових, так і нефінансових, у контексті забезпечення задоволеності викладачів працею, підвищення ефективності їхньої діяльності та досягнення стратегічних цілей організації. У роботі розглянуто основні підходи до мотивації, зокрема психологічний, когнітивний, соціальний, економічний, управлінський та технічний, які дозволяють розкрити багатогранність цього явища. Методологія дослідження включає аналіз сучасних теоретичних концепцій, систематизацію емпіричних даних, а також застосування графічних і статистичних методів для вивчення впливу різних стимулів на результативність викладацької діяльності. Результати дослідження показують, що для ефективного управління мотивацією персоналу ЗВО необхідно враховувати індивідуальні пріоритети викладачів та комбінувати фінансові й нефінансові стимули. Фінансові стимули, такі як заробітна плата, премії та грошові винагороди за наукові досягнення, забезпечують базову стабільність і сприяють досягненню високих результатів у короткостроковій перспективі. У той же час, нефінансові стимули, як визнання, підтримка професійного розвитку, гнучкий графік роботи та створення сприятливої атмосфери, мають довгостроковий ефект, сприяючи підвищенню лояльності та професійного розвитку персоналу. Автори підкреслюють, що особливе значення має індивідуалізація підходів до мотивації. Орієнтація на специфічні потреби кожного працівника дозволяє максимально використовувати потенціал науково-педагогічних працівників і досягати стратегічних цілей ЗВО. Важливим є також врахування змін у зовнішньому середовищі, таких як перехід до дистанційного навчання, що впливає на мотивацію викладачів та ефективність освітнього процесу. У статті представлено практичні рекомендації для керівників ЗВО, спрямовані на вдосконалення системи управління мотивацією. Авторами наголошено на необхідності збалансованого використання різних типів стимулів залежно від віку, досвіду та пріоритетів викладачів, а також від умов стабільності або нестабільності освітнього середовища. Запропоновані заходи сприятимуть підвищенню задоволеності працівників, їхньої залученості до освітнього процесу та, відповідно, якості освіти.
Essential Inclusive Education-Related Outcomes for Alberta Preservice Teachers
Authors: Loreman Tim
Published: January 2025

This article examines the knowledge, skills, and attributes (KSAs) that Alberta preservice teachers need to develop over the course of their teacher preparation programs in order to work effectively in inclusive classrooms. Inclusive classrooms are those where all students regardless of diversity learn in the same contexts. These KSAs are presented as program outcomes and are identified in relation to their prominence in the literature on inclusion and their alignment with Alberta education policy and teacher interim certification requirements. They were then reviewed by a focus group of representatives from teacher preparation institutions in Alberta and Canada. The author suggests that teacher preparation institutions in Alberta must ensure that these outcomes are addressed at multiple points throughout their teacher preparation programs.
Unblocking the Bottlenecks and Making the Global Supply Chain Transparent: How Blockchain technology stands to update global trade
Authors: Norberg Hanna
Published: January 2025

The emergence of Distributed Ledger or Blockchain Technology BCT, stands to impact many parts of our society; from revolutionizing healthcare, to safeguarding voting, to keeping our data private. To the same affect, BCT stands to empower the very underpinnings that go into international trade: trust, traceability, accessibility and streamlining processes. As so many times before (e.g. ICT as well as the invention of the shipping container), novel technology lowers the costs and empowers international trade. This time to go from creating global value chains to scrutinizing and optimizing them. The aim of this policy brief is as follows; First, to provide a brief overview of the technology, the use and potential effects on international trade. Second, to provide some guidelines for policy makers on how to prepare for the development of the technology.
Ping-pong Asylum: Renegotiating the Safe Third Country Agreement
Authors: Falconer Robert
Published: January 2025

From January 2017 to February 2019, approximately 42,000 asylum seekers have been intercepted by the RCMP while crossing the Canada-U.S. border. Asylum seekers intercepted by the RCMP represented just over one third of all asylum claims over this period. Another 70,800 other asylum seekers claimed protection at a Canadian port of entry upon arrival, or at inland office after having resided in Canada with a form of temporary work, study, or visitor status. By contrast, since January 2017, a little more than 607,500 permanent residents arrived in Canada through legal economic, family, and humanitarian channels.

Recent polling suggests that border security is the most salient immigration issue among the Canadian public.4 Despite these perceptions, border crossers represent only a fraction of the total asylum claim backlog, an inventory of pending cases of people seeking protection in Canada on the basis of fear of persecution in their home country. In February 2019, 4,170 new asylum claims were registered, of which 808 individuals were intercepted at the Canada-U.S. border, making those border claims less than 20% of the total in that month.5 In August 2018, during summer months when border crossings tend to be higher, 4,965 new claims were registered, while the RCMP intercepted 1,747 asylum seekers crossing the border (35% of all

claims in August 2018). The comparison of border crossings versus all claims by month is shown later in this report in Figure 5.

One proposal currently being explored by the Canadian government to reduce crossings, is to renegotiate the “Safe Third Country Agreement” (STCA) with the United States. This policy brief outlines possible benefits and drawbacks of renegotiating the STCA. It begins with describing the current backdrop to renegotiation of the Agreement, including the rise and fall of border crossings, as well as how the STCA works in practice. It then describes reasons to why a renegotiated STCA may stem increases to the asylum claim backlog, while also outlining other potential impacts and downsides to a modified Agreement. It concludes by proposing alternative solutions to renegotiating the STCA that do not carry the same potential downsides.
Fiscal Policy Trends: Balancing Alberta’s Budget by 2022 is Only Part of Alberta’s Long-Run Fiscal Challenge
Authors: Tombe Trevor
Published: January 2025

Since oil prices fell in 2014, Alberta’s provincial government has wrestled with large and persistent deficits. The new government elected in April 2019 is committed to balancing the books by 2022. But a longer-run challenge remains.
Will It Be DÉJÀ VU All Over Again?
Authors: Emery J.C. Herbert , Kneebone Ronald D.
Published: January 2025

The boom and bust in energy prices experienced recently has its parallels in the boom and bust of energy prices in the 1970s and 1980s. The earlier boom period saw the Government of Alberta struggle with restraining spending and so became heavily dependent on high energy prices. When in 1986 energy prices crashed the government suﬀ ered a string of large deﬁ cits that was followed by draconian cuts to spending. From 2000 to 2008 the government enjoyed another boom in energy prices and again found it diﬃ cult to restrain spending. The recent crash in energy prices threatens the government with repea ng the earlier experience of deﬁ cits followed by drama c spending cuts. As it prepares its 2009 budget the government has an opportunity to learn from the past and to quickly and decisively put its budget on a path toward a much smaller reliance on energy-related revenues.
United States Arctic Policy: The Reluctant Arctic Power
Authors: Huebert Rob
Published: January 2025

Although the United States is an Arctic nation, the Arctic has seldom figured prominently in US policy. In January 2009 the US released its new Arctic policy. Arctic Region Policy signals that the US is beginning to understand that the Arctic is changing in a manner that concerns its vital national interests. The core Arctic issues facing the US are resource development and international circumpolar relations. The development of oil and gas reserves in Alaska is discussed in the context of sustainable development and US domestic energy security, which are often at odds with each other. In regards to circumpolar relation, the US has traditionally been a reluctant Arctic power. It has been unwilling to take the initiative in the area of international Arctic policy. Now, the United States also must act to improve its participation in the main Arctic institutions in order to strengthen cooperation among the Arctic nations. But at the same time, the US must now face a geo-political environment that is becoming more complicated and possibly dangerous than was the case in the last decade. Thus their new policy also emphasizes the priority the US places on security by maintaining a strong military presence in the Arctic. All of these actions are already having an impact on their Arctic neighbors including Canada. This will continue to be the case as American activity increase in the region. Now that the Arctic is transforming due to climate change, resource development, globalization, and geopolitical factors,the United States can no longer ignore the Arctic.
Ontario’s Bold Move to Create Jobs and Growth: Impact of the 2009 Ontario Budget and Other Recent Tax Measures on Investment, Jobs and Incomes
Authors: Mintz Jack M.
Published: January 2025

• The 2009 Ontario Budget measures, together with other recent tax changes, will have a profound impact on Ontario’s competitiveness by lowering the tax burden on new business investment.
• Within ten years, Ontario will benefit from: – increased capital investment of $47 billion; – increased annual incomes of up to 8.8%, or $29.4 billion; and – an estimated 591,000 net new jobs.

This paper documents the impact of the 2009 Ontario Budget and other recent tax changes on capital investment, jobs, and incomes in the province.
In the March 2009 Budget, Ontario announced it will harmonize its sales tax with the federal goods and services tax (GST) as well as reduce corporate and personal taxes. The Budget measures will have a profound impact on the willingness of business to invest in Ontario since corporate tax rate reductions and the adoption of the federal GST base would result in the virtual elimination of taxes on capital goods and business intermediate inputs once fully phased in.
Since 1980, when I began modelling the impact of taxes on investment, this is the largest change ever seen in a single budget, leading to the sharpest reduction in the tax burden on capital investment in any one province. Coupled with federal reductions in corporate taxes and Ontario’s already legislated elimination of all remaining capital taxes,1 Ontario will see its effective tax rate on new investments by medium and large businesses plummet from 33.6% in 2009 to 23.7% in 2010 and then to 18.5% by 2018. The province will then have an effective tax rate on non-resource investments that is similar to most other provinces, including Alberta, British Columbia, and Quebec. Ontario will also improve its international competitiveness dramatically with a lower tax burden on new investment compared with the average of 20 major industrialized and emerging economies.
Small businesses will also benefit substantially from the 2009 Budget. The effective tax rate on small business investment will fall by more than half, from 28.6% to 13.3%, due to the one percentage point reduction in the corporate tax rate and sales tax harmonization. Sales tax harmonization will have a large impact since the Ontario retail sales tax especially hurts investment in machinery that Ontario’s small businesses use intensively.
Within ten years, the lower tax burden on investment will lead to increases in capital investment of $47 billion and in annual incomes of between 4.4% and 8.8%, and to the creation of an estimated 591,000 net new jobs.
Új radiokarbon adatok a honfoglalás időrendjéhez : Karos-Eperjesszög III/11 sírjának Bayes analízise a II/52 sírral való lehetséges kapcsolat tükrében
Authors: Somogyi Péter , Türk Attila
Published: January 2025

A Karos-Eperjesszög III/11. számú sír a Kárpát-medence 10. századi régészeti hagyatékának egy kiemelkedően gazdag, többek által vezéri sírként meghatározott temetkezése, ezért pontos keltezése kiemelkedő feladat a korszak kutatásában. Kulcsfontosságú leletegyüttesről van szó egyrészt a 10. század első felében a Felső-Tisza vidék településtörténetének szempontjából, de tágabb kitekintésben a teljes magyar honfoglalás körülményeinek pontos megrajzolásában egyaránt. Az írott források hiányos adatai és az utóbbi években publikált mintegy féltucatnyi (illetve további 6 esetben is valószínűsíthető), 895-nél korábbi honfoglalás kori temetkezés radiokarbon mérési adata (Lőrinczy & Türk 2015, 100; Berta et al. 2018, 32; Jancsik 2021, 5. kép) arra utalhat, hogy a korai magyarok serege már 862-től kezdődően rendszeresen megfordult a Kárpát-medencében. A címben jelzett sír teljes körű közlését (Révész 1996, 2001) tovább gondolva és legutóbbi vizsgálatát (Türk et al. 2021) revideálva, azokat a sír további 8 14C eredményével kiegészítve jelen dolgozatunkban 9 radiokarbon adatot publikálunk, illetve azokból Bayes-féle modellezés alapján új értelmezést készítünk. Kitekintünk a pénzzel keltezett II/52-es sírral való lehetséges időrendi összefüggésekre is. Munkánk eredményeként megállapítottuk, hogy a 9 adat alapján a tárgyalt sírt a 895 előtti, a 9. század végén megásott honfoglaló temetkezések közé sorolhatjuk, elsőként a Felső-Tisza-vidékről. A kapott adatok megerősítik a karosi temetőknek a szakirodalomban hagyományos elfogadott korai időrendjét. A honfoglalás kori hagyaték radiokarbon adatain elvégzett és itt elsőként bemutatott Bayes-féle modellezés egyúttal azt is bizonyítja, hogy a módszer használható a 9–10. századi időrendi kérdések vizsgálatában. Jelen dolgozat a korábban orosz nyelven megjelent változat (Somogyi & Türk 2023) tartalmilag is átdolgozott, javított és történeti-régészeti kitekintésében jelentősen kibővített változata.
A review on Effective Face Serums for Hyperpigmentation: Targeting Dark Spots and Uneven Skin Tone
Authors:   Rungta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud, Bhilai, Sahu Gyanesh Kumar , vishwakarma Karan , kumar Rishu , Rathore Dewanjali
Published: January 2025

A face serum is a quick-absorbing, light skincare product made with potent active ingredients to address particular skin issues. In order to treat problems like acne, wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, or dryness, it usually has greater concentrations of healthy elements like vitamins, antioxidants, peptides, hyaluronic acid, or retinol. The powerful chemicals in serums are able to fully permeate the skin since they are administered after cleaning but before moisturizing. A focused skincare treatment called kojic acid face serum is intended to balance and brighten skin tone. This serum helps lessen acne scars, dark spots, and hyperpigmentation because it contains kojic acid, a natural substance that inhibits the development of melanin. A concentrated dosage of active substances is delivered by its lightweight, quickly absorbing composition, enabling deeper skin penetration.

Keywords: Hyperpigmentation, Anti-oxidant, Penetration.
Securing and Enhancing Productivity of BYOD In Classrooms at Schools
Authors:              Dept of CSE, Presidency University, Bengaluru, India, B A     NITHYA , Sree   S Kavya , Reddy      B Jashwanth
Published: January 2025

The Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) model is increasingly adopted in educational settings, offering flexibility and personalized learning experiences for students. Despite its advantages, BYOD also presents challenges related to security vulnerabilities and varying levels of student productivity. This paper proposes a web portal solution aimed at addressing these dual challenges in BYOD classrooms. The portal integrates advanced security protocols, such as multi-factor authentication and encrypted data transmission, to safeguard sensitive information and network integrity. Additionally, it incorporates productivity-enhancing tools, including collaborative workspaces and assignment management systems, tailored to optimize student engagement and learning outcomes. Through the analysis of a case study involving the implementation of the portal in a local school district, the paper demonstrates significant improvements in both security measures and student productivity. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on effectively managing technology in educational environments, providing practical insights for educators and IT professionals working with BYOD systems.

Index Terms – “BYOD (Bring Your Own Device), Educational Technology, Classroom Security, Cybersecurity in Education, Productivity Tools, Web Portal Solutions, Student Engagement, Digital Learning Environments, Network Security, Collaborative Learning Tools.”.
AN OPTIMIZED APPROACH TO AUTOMATED EXAMINATION TIMETABLE GENERATION
Authors:   Student in Computer Science and Engineering & Presidency University, Bengaluru, Teja ,T Yeshwanth , Kishan Tummalapalli Abhinav , Kumar Bandi Anil , Karthik K. Sai
Published: January 2025

- Efficient examination scheduling is critical for maintaining academic integrity and optimizing resources in educational institutions. This research focuses on developing an automated exam timetable generation system that dynamically resolves conflicts and accommodates diverse institutional constraints. By leveraging detailed algorithms for faculty invigilation, student schedules, room allocation, and conflict resolution, the system minimizes manual errors and improves operational efficiency. The proposed methodology includes real-time data collection, scheduling optimization, and robust invigilation assignment processes. Expected outcomes of this research include significant reductions in scheduling time, enhanced stakeholder satisfaction, and scalability to accommodate institutional growth. By addressing existing gaps in scheduling methods, this study offers a transformative approach to academic resource management, setting the foundation for advancements in educational technology.

Key Words: Examination Scheduling, Timetable Generation, Conflict Resolution, Faculty Availability, Resource Optimization, Educational Technology, Automation, Scalability, Greedy approach, Sophisticated Algorithm
Deep Fake Detection: A Comprehensive Survey and Comparative Analysis
Authors:   Computer science Engineering Malnad College of Engineering Hassan, India, S Dhavan , S V Deeksha , M N Dr. Kavyasri , T S Dhanushree , K Deeksha
Published: January 2025

—DeepFake technology uses artificial intelligence to produce altered images, videos, or audio with one person’s face or voice replaced by another. While it has some entertainment applications, it poses great risks in spreading misinformation, impersonation, and other malicious activities. The creation of convincing media utilizes deep learning, while detection focuses on the identification of subtle inconsistencies. The project builds a system that can not only create these deepfake videos using limited data but also detect whether a video is fake. The advancement of both creation and detection techniques continues to shape the landscape of digital media.
Role of Educational Psychology in Adolescent Education: A Review of Recent Literature
Authors:   Baba Farid College of Education, Kaur Dr. Bhinderjeet , Puri  Bhavin
Published: January 2025

Educational psychology has been pivotal in understanding how adolescents learn, develop emotionally, and respond to educational environments. This review aims to explore the influence of educational psychology on adolescent education, focusing on key areas such as cognitive development, motivation, emotional regulation, and social interaction. Drawing from literature published between 2019 and 2024, the paper examines how psychological principles can be applied to improve learning outcomes for adolescents. The findings highlight the importance of recognizing adolescent development and tailoring teaching methods to meet their evolving cognitive and emotional needs.
AI-Driven Credit Scoring Models: Enhancing Accuracy and Fairness with Explainable Machine Learning
Authors:   First Citizens Bank, USA, Yadav Sandeep
Published: January 2025

Abstract—Credit scoring remains a crucial challenge for financial
institutions, remarkably when rapid, high-volume evaluations are
required. This study presents an AI-driven, real-time credit scoring
system using LightGBM integrated with a high-performance data
pipeline. The system can process up to 9,500 transactions per second
with minimal latency of 8 milliseconds. Addressing the data imbalance
in credit scoring datasets, the model also ensures transparency through
Explainable AI (XAI) techniques, specifically using SHAP values to
interpret the model’s credit risk predictions. Experimental results on
real world financial transaction datasets show that the proposed system
achieves an accuracy of 98.7%, with precision and recall scores
exceeding 94% and 91%, respectively. Compared to baseline models
and other approaches in the literature, our system demonstrates
superior scalability, processing speed, and accuracy. This solution
offers a robust and efficient framework for real-time credit scoring,
ensuring high performance, transparency, and low latency, making it
ideal for modern financial applications.
Index Terms—Federated Learning, Explainable AI, Fraud
Detection, Data Privacy, Imbalanced Datasets, Financial Institutions,
Model Transparency, Collaborative Learning, Customer
Confidentiality, Risk Management