bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspects of the phonetics of Cambap
Authors: Connell Bruce
Published: September 2021

Increasingly, the need to document endangered languages before they cease to be spoken and disappear is being recognized. Corresponding acknowledgement of the importance of detailed descriptions of the phonetics of such languages, however, is lagging behind. This study examines the phonetics of Cambap, a Bantoid language spoken in the Nigeria-Cameroon borderland by approximately 30 people. The focus is on describing how its phonological contrasts are realized, and as such this study represents only a stage in a more complete description of Cambap phonetics, their relation to the phonology of Cambap and to more general aspects of the language and culture of the Camba.
Derivational processes in Rangi
Authors: Stegen Oliver
Published: September 2021

The main object of research described in this paper is Rangi, a scarcely investigated Bantu language of Northern Central Tanzania. Rangi phonology and morphonology are briefly sketched, including a classification with regard to both Vowel Height Harmony and Advanced Tongue Root activity. The main body of the paper consists of a detailed description of Rangi derivational processes, which follows the pattern established in Maganga and Schadeberg's description of Nyamwezi, a closely related language. Both verbal derivation, which exclusively uses the extensional slot of the verb structure, and nominal derivation, which employs noun class prefixes and a few suffixes, are covered.
From preposition to plural marker and more grammaticalization of Kuche bānà
Authors: Wilson Janet
Published: September 2021

While most Benue-Congo languages of West Africa retain only vestiges of a noun class system, Kuche, a language of Central Nigeria, has an extensive system similar in many ways to Bantu systems. One unusual feature of the system is the form ban( a), used to pluralize, for example, kin terms such as 'mother' and 'father' . Although it has been analyzed elsewhere as a noun class prefix, detailed analysis demonstrates that it is not a class prefix but rather a grammaticalized compound consisting of the class 2 pronoun ba plus the preposition na 'with'. Not only has this grammatic ali zed form come to be used as a pluralizer, it also functions as a type of comitative marker. The author shows that na has also combined with agreement prefixes a- and ba- (classes 1 and 2), and has grammaticalized with multiple functions: associative marker, directional marker, focus and topic marker.
On the properties of Emai's khi copula construction
Authors: Schaefer Ronald P. , Egbokhare Francis O.
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the equational identity (El) construction in Nigeria's Edoid language Emai. It weighs this construction's grammatical properties against a complex of equational identity patterns developed in the crosslinguistic investigations of Stassen (1997). Although EI properties reveal its functional heritage, they fail to conform fully to Stassen's findings. While EI noun phrases are sensitive to information structure and definiteness values, the construction as a whole fails to exhibit crucial features. It evinces no third person limitation, manifests limited predicational structure, and demonstrates compatibility with a restricted range of temporal categories, although not indicative tense/aspect. It is the last of these that highlights the EI construction's obligatory subjunctive marking and its non-deictic temporal character.
Esquisse de l'egbuta une langue en passe d'extinction
Authors: Mangulu Motingea
Published: September 2021

L' egbuta dont les elements de grammaire et de lexique sont presentes dans la presente etude est une langue bantoue parlee par un petit groupe enclave par les Ababoa et les Bendza en Territoire d' Aketi dans la Province Orientale, mais dont quelques villages debordent sur I'Equateur. Sa structure suggere qu' il peut etre rattache aux parlers budza (bantou C.37) ou a l'ebango (C.44) et qu'il est en train d'etre influence par les langues environnantes, surtout par Ie lingala, la langue commerciale de I' ouest du pays. Les transformations que subit cette langue se justifient certes par Ie faible effectif de ses locuteurs. Les facteurs les plus determinants pour son extinction sont Ie commerce, I' administration et I' action exercee par un systeme educatif organise depuis I' epoque coloniale en lingala. Sur Ie plan de la linguistique historique pourtant, la langue des Egbuta est peut-etre a ranger parmi les plus anciennes du bassin de l'Itimbiri, region qui fut troublee par la penetration des Ngombe.
A diachronic analysis of Ndut vowel harmony
Authors: Drolc Ursula
Published: September 2021

Ndut is spoken in Senegal and belongs to the Cangin languages, a subgroup of the (West-) Atlantic languages (Sapir 1971). Unlike the other Cangin languages Noon, Laala and Saafi, Ndut, as well as closely related Pal or, exhibits apparently bidirectional vowel harmony. However, a phonological analysis suggests that there are two independent phenomena that have to be kept separate: regressive vowel assimilation, which is probably a very archaic feature of the Atlantic languages, and progressive root-controlled harmony, which may be a contact-induced innovation. In Senegal, the dominant language is Wolof, a Senegambian language that is part of a different subgroup of Atlantic languages. As Wolof is the major medium of interethnic communication, most Ndut speakers are Wolof-bilingual. Consequently, contact-induced language changes are likely to appear in Ndut.
Esquisse de la tonologie synchronique de Wemɛgbe dialecte Gbe du sud-Benin
Authors: Gbeto Flavien
Published: September 2021

In this paper I show that Wemegbe, a language spoken in southern Benin, has two underlying tones, H and L, and that the surface tones M, LH and HL are derived by phonological rules. A H tone is inserted after an initial prevocalic voiceless obstruent (occurring in non verbals), creating a HL contour tone, when the vowel of the syllable is L toned. The LH tone is derived through a rightspreading rule from a L' prefix tone, which is postulated for all verbs in their imperative forms and for all nouns. Of particular interest is the fact that the rightward spreading rule for L' is blocked by a voiceless obstruent. Finally, the M tone is derived through a L-Raising rule. This analysis shows that not only can vowels be TBUs in the world's languages, but also initial root consonants can be.
Clausal and DP-internal agreement in Ikalanga
Authors: Letsholo Rose
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the controversial morphemes that occur both at the clause level and within the DP in Bantu languages such as Ikalanga, which have been analyzed as "agreement morphology" by some (Baker 2002, Demuth and Harford (1999) and as resumptive/incorporated pronouns by others (Bresnan and Mchombo 1987, Zwart 1997). The paper proposes a unified analysis of this phenomenon, analyzing both clausal and DP-internal occurrences of these morphemes as agreement morphology which holds between the head of an XP and its predicate, or between the head of an XP and its modifiers. In both instances, the agreement relation is instantiated after movement of the relevant category from its base position to a specifier position which enables the moved category to enter into a checking relation (i.e. a spec-head configuration) with another category that has matching features (Chomsky 1995).
On the verbal system in Langi a Bantu language of Tanzania
Authors: Dunham Margaret
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the Langi verbal system and the various ways in which tense, aspect and mood are encoded. Through a description of the structures and uses of the various forms, it attempts to demonstrate how the different conjugations fit together to form a coherent whole, morphologically and semantically, and how in some cases the system has been influenced by surrounding Cushitic languages.
Wh-questions in Kitharaka
Authors: Muriungi Peter Kinyua
Published: September 2021

This paper explores question formation in Kitharaka (E54; Bantu; Kenyan) within the crosslinguistic approach developed in Sabel (2000, 2002, 2003). According to Sabel, variation in the positioning of wh-phrases in languages can be explained if it is assumed that wh-movement is universally triggered by [+wh] and [+focus] features, both of which are [+interpretable] and can be specified as [±strong]. For Kitharaka, I argue that wh-movement is triggered by a strong [+focus] feature in a functional head (Foc). The strong [+focus] feature on a focus head is morphologically manifested by a focus marker which attaches to a fronted wh-phrase, and in case of long wh-movement, by the focus markers that may appear on embedded clauses crossed by overt wh-movement. Wh-in situ occurs when no strong [+focus] features are introduced in the syntax (Muriungi 2003,2004).
The Hausa perfective tense-aspect used in wh-/focus constructions and historical narratives: A unified account
Authors: Jaggar Philip J.
Published: September 2021

No abstract is available for SAL supplements.
Russell G. Schuh: A biographical profile and bibliography
Authors: Ma Newman Roxana
Published: September 2021

No abstract is available for SAL supplements.
Tura verbal tonology
Authors: Marlo Michael R.
Published: September 2021

This article provides a comprehensive description and analysis of the verbal tone system of Tura, a previously undocumented dialect of Luyia (Bantu, Kenya, J.30). Tura has many tonal Patterns marking tense-aspect-mood-polarity distinctions that are characterized by a grammatical ("melodic") H tone on different positions of the verb stem. The realization of melodic Hs depends on the prosody of the verb stem (number of syllables, syllable weight, C-initial vs. V initial) and complex interactions with H-toned prefixes. Some melodic Hs surface whether or not there is a H-toned prefix; others do not surface after a H toned prefix; and one surfaces only in combination with a H-toned prefix. Some melodic Hs block the H of the reflexive from surfacing; others are blocked from surfacing by the reflexive H; and another surfaces along with the reflexive H. The article describes and analyzes these and other cross-melody differences in the Tura tonal system as well as variation between two speakers of the dialect.
Symbolic indexing in Oromo
Authors: Yaachis Mi’eesa , Clamons Robbin
Published: September 2021

This paper identifies a general phonic pattern of indexing on referential, spatiotemporal, and logical structures in Oromo. Final –n(V) marking across these different grammatical forms correlates with assumed accessibility of referents and of other information in discourse across a range of syntactic and semantic elements. The primary data for this study are from a spontaneous Guji narrative. Previous research on the form of referring expressions and the cognitive status of their referents in other Oromo dialects is extended through the consideration of the nominal constructions in this narrative. Furthermore, by the examination of other constructions, this –n(V) indexical is identified as a general pragmeme that functions to mark expressions for accessible referents and information on a range of forms across a discourse in Oromo.
Unlocking the Ik instrumental case
Authors: Schrock Terrill
Published: September 2021

Ik, a Kuliak (Nilo-Saharan) language spoken by roughly 7000 people in northeastern Uganda, has up to now been described as having a case system with seven cases (König 2002, 2008). However, evidence from morphophonological variations on case suffixes requires that an eighth case be posited. Based on the semantic roles the eighth case marker encodes, it can be called the ‘instrumental’ case. The present paper provides a brief description of this so-named instrumental case in Ik. It does so by first giving an overview of the allomorphy of all eight case suffixes to provide some analytic context for distinguishing the instrumental from other case markers, particularly the ablative. Then it gives examples of the six semantic case roles that the instrumental case suffix encodes. By introducing an eighth case, the paper shows that a supposed instance of case syncretism (between the ablative and the instrumental) should no longer be thought to obtain in this East African language.
Subject marking interrupted: Perturbations from the development of Northern Mao’s future tense suffix
Authors: Ahland Michael
Published: September 2021

Northern Mao, an Omotic-Mao language of Ethiopia, exhibits three partially overlapping but distinct subject-marking paradigms in its verbal system: subject prefixes on realis verbs which correspond closely to free pronouns, subject suffixes on irrealis negative non-future verbs which exhibit regular changes from the realis prefixes, and a third, more divergent, subject suffix system on irrealis future verbs which exhibits an [m] form not attested as a person marker elsewhere in the language or extended family. It is argued (from internal evidence) that the irrealis future verbs developed from a periphrastic subordinate + final verb complexes and that the intrusive [m] was, at an earlier stage, part of a subordinating morpheme.
Agreement with conjoined arguments in Kuria
Authors: Diercks Michael , Meyer Linsay , Paster Mary
Published: September 2021

How languages solve the grammatical problem of agreeing with conjoined arguments is a well-known area of cross-linguistic variation. This paper describes these patterns for Kuria (Bantu, Kenya), documenting a pattern of agreement that has not been previously reported. We show the relevant patterns involving a range of noun classes, showing that human noun classes trigger different effects than non-human noun classes. We also demonstrate distinctions in the grammar between subject marking and object marking: whereas subject marking allows for resolved agreement forms, object marking does not. The paper also includes a brief survey of notable patterns in other Bantu languages to put Kuria in a relevant context.
On whether 'Doboro' was a fourth Kuliak language
Authors: Schrock Terrill
Published: September 2021

Wayland’s (1931) description of a northeastern Ugandan people called the ‘Wanderobo’ includes thirty-eight ‘Dorobo’ words, many of which resemble words in Ik, the last thriving member of the Kuliak (Rub) subgroup. Because of this resemblance, it has been speculated that ‘Dorobo’ might have been a fourth, now extinct Kuliak language (e.g. Heine 1976). Unfortunately, this notion has persisted in the literature up to recent times. This paper examines the information found in Wayland 1931 from several perspectives to argue that ‘Dorobo’ was at most a dialect of Ik, not a separate language. From an anthropological perspective, the ‘Wanderobo’ that Wayland described match in many ways the Ik of today. From a sociolinguistic perspective, the Ik living today in the area visited by Wayland are often mixed with members of other neighboring tribes, such as the Dodoth or Toposa (Eastern Nilotic). Thus it is likely that the Ik were mixed up with them in the 1930s as well. Furthermore, the linguistic data may be unreliable: Wayland was not a linguist, and his transcriptions were adversely affected by having been acquired through interpreters speaking only broken Swahili. These three strands of evidence coincide to render the 1931 document insufficient evidence on which to establish a ‘Dorobo’ language.
Form and function of conditional constructions in the Gumuz language of Metekel zone
Authors: Williamson Travis , Larson Eric
Published: September 2021

This paper describes not only the forms of the limited number of conditional constructions in Gumuz [guk] but also their various functions as found primarily in natural texts collected from a variety of districts within Metekel Zone in northwestern Ethiopia.
The conditional mood in Ghomálaʼ
Authors: Bessala Gaston , Moguo Francine
Published: September 2021

This paper sets out to examine the conditional mood in Ghɔmálá’, a Grassfields Bantu language spoken in the Western Region of Cameroon. This article shows that the elements used to build conditionals can play other roles in the language; they can play the role of focus particle, relativizer and even copula. Two main conditional markers are used in Ghɔmálá’ and are found at clause initial position. Contrary to other languages where the future and present tenses express unreal conditionals and past tenses express reality conditionals, Ghɔmálá’ uses past tenses for unreality conditionals and present and future tenses for reality conditionals. Conditionals in Ghɔmálá’ have many pragmatic uses and their use must be judicious due to the numerous functions they assume.
Speaker attitude and demonstrative choice in Ncane (Beboid)
Authors: Boutwell Richard L.
Published: September 2021

Ncane is an underdocumented Bantoid language, which offers speakers multiple choices for referring to aforementioned participants. Anaphoric reference is usually made through a noun and an accompanying anaphoric demonstrative. Two anaphoric demonstratives are observed in the language and a speaker’s choice of demonstrative often reflects the speaker’s attitude toward the participant. This article presents examples illustrating the expression of various kinds of speaker judgments of participants through the use of anaphoric demonstratives. Accounting for such expression of attitude appears to be lacking in proposed demonstrative typologies like that of Diessel (1999). Therefore, the article concludes with a suggestion for expanding typological categories to address such subjective encoding.
Nominal and verbal number in Bilugu Opo
Authors: Smolders Joshua A.G.
Published: September 2021

Opo (a.k.a. Opuuo, Tʼapo [lgn]), a Koman language spoken in Ethiopia and South Sudan, has complex and interesting systems of both NOMINAL NUMBER and VERBAL NUMBER. This paper provides a description and analysis of these systems as found in the Bilugu dialect of Ethiopia, using Corbett's (2000) model of number systems as a theoretical framework. In Bilugu Opo, NOMINAL NUMBER marking is divided along the animacy hierarchy into two systems. The TOP SYSTEM, encompassing all human referents, marks singular ~ plural opposition via a variety of morphological strategies (lexical, derivational, and inflectional) and patterns (marked plural, marked singular, and both marked). The SECOND SYSTEM, encompassing all non-human referents, encodes GENERAL NUMBER. In the Opo verb system, VERBAL NUMBER (Corbett 2000) or PLURACTIONALITY (Newman 1990) is attested for just under half of verbs. These verbs can be organized into two groups: a large group which derive a plural stem through morpho-phonemic means (tone modification, vowel gemination, and reduplication) with unpredictable semantics, and a small group which derive a plural stem through lexical means (suppletion and stem alternation) with more predictable semantics.
The Syntax and Semantics of Clause-Chaining in Toposa
Authors: Schröder Helga
Published: September 2021

Some languages make extensive use of clause-chaining. According to Payne (1997: 312), clause-chaining has been documented for languages in the highlands of New Guinea, Australia and the Americas. In Africa it is found in Ethiopia (Völlmin et al. 2007), in Kiswahili, a Bantu language (Hopper 1979: 213-215, Mungania 2018), in Anuak, a Western Nilotic language (Longacre 1990: 88-90 and 2007: 418) and in Toposa, a VSO language of South Sudan (Schröder 2011). Clause-chaining is characterized by a long combination of non-finite clauses that have operator dependency on a finite clause, and it usually signals foregrounded information in discourse (see also Dooley 2010: 3). Besides its discourse function, clause-chaining exhibits morpho-syntactic and semantic properties as demonstrated in this paper with examples from Toposa, an Eastern Nilotic language.
Multiple adnominal modification in Dinka
Authors: Andersen Torben
Published: September 2021

In Dinka, a Western Nilotic language, most adnominal modifiers follow the head noun. Before most of these modifiers, the head noun is in one of two construct states. One construct state, CS1, occurs before, among others, demonstratives, nominal possessors and relative clauses as CS1-modifiers. The other construct state, CS2, which is morphologically more complex, occurs before, among others, possessive pronouns, a few numerals and a diminutivizer as CS2-modifiers. When a construct-state triggering modifier is added to a CS2-modifier, the latter itself gets construct state marking, and the head noun changes from CS2 to CS1. Some CS1-modifiers also get construct state marking when followed by a construct-state triggering modifier. Multiple adnominal modification in Dinka may thus result in a chain of construct states, which is similar to what is found in Iranian languages with so-called ezafe marking.
one-term predication for deictic identification in Hausa
Authors: Abdoulaye Mahamane L , Barmou Salifou , Souley Bida Saoudé
Published: September 2021

This article describes a type of non-verbal predication (NVP) with a single term called "deictic identification" (for example, Abdù nee 'it’s Abdu') and which, in its basic function, is used to identify a referent present in the immediate spatial environment of the speaker. The paper shows that the one-term sentences must be distinguished from ordinary two-term specificational or equative sentences (for example, ùban Muusaa  Abdù nèe 'Musa’s father is Abdu' and wannàn Abdù nee 'this is Abdu'). Indeed, the paper in particular shows that when the two types of constructions are used in non-assertive contexts, they can select two different replacive copulas. The paper also shows how the basic one-term deictic constructions acquired extended, non-deictic uses, including uses in focus-fronting constructions, where the immediate external environment is not always relevant. The paper proposes that copula nee/ cee is the sentence predicate in one-term deictic identification and is hence comparable to other one-term non-verbal predicates in Hausa, such as the presentational gàa (for example, gàa Abdù ‘here is Abdu’).
Remembering Tucker G. Childs (1948-2021)
Authors: McLaughlin Fiona
Published: September 2021

A tribute for Tucker Childs
Imbrication Patterns of Lunda
Authors: Kawasha Boniface
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the imbrication process in Lunda. It is widely acknowledged in the literature that imbrication in Bantu languages is mainly triggered by the perfective or past tense suffix (Bastin 1983). In Lunda, however, this morphophonological process is not only conditioned by the remote past tense inflectional suffix but also caused by derivational extensions that include the applicative, the causative, and to a lesser extent the reciprocal affix when they are attached to a large number of verb bases. Imbrication typically occurs with verb bases containing what is known as an extension, whether productive or frozen. Unlike many Bantu languages, this phenomenon always results in the deletion of the base final consonant and the consonant of the suffix survives. This segmental loss leads to either vowel coalescence between the two adjacent vowels or gliding
Kontrol Diri Siswa Dalam Penggunaan Facebook Pada Siswa
Authors: Fahlevi Devi , Samsuar  , Zulkarnain
Published: September 2021

The use of Facebook at this time many students who cannot manage their Facebook access need to look for attention that is considered slang. The purpose of this study was to learn how to control yourself MTsN Bustanul Huda students in using Facebook. This study uses a qualitative method with the type of phenomenological study, the determination of informants about this research is determined by using purposive sampling techniques, in processing the research data using filling system techniques, the Filling System Method using research methods to find the collected data is sufficiently available so that an analysis is made. The results showed the fact of thirteen informants who were unable to control Facebook compilation, while five other informants were able to control facebook compilation. Those who are not able to control themselves in using Facebook who cannot control their behavior in Facebook access such as compilation writing their status still use bad languages, and they don't review what they wrote on their Facebook, they also still upload photos that less good is the photo by not wearing hijab
Pengaruh Konseling Kelompok Pendekatan Behavioristik Terhadap Penyesuaian Diri Siswa
Authors: Siagian Nurbaina
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of behavioristic approach group counseling services on the adjustment of class VIII-4 students of MTs Negeri 2 Medan. This type of research is Quasi experimental design with Pre test-post test one group design. The population in this study were students of class VIII-4 MTs Negeri 2 Medan T.A. 2019/2020, amounting to 35 people. The sample in this study were 8 students of class VIII-4 with low levels of self-adjustment. The instrument used was a self-adjustment scale of 51 items with a total reliability of 0.465. From the calculation results, the pre-test score in the experimental group obtained an average of = 140 while the post-test data obtained an average of = 171. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test to see whether there was a significant effect of group counseling with a behavioristic approach in increasing student adjustment. From the results of the Wilcoxon test shows that the Wilcoxon level test obtained Jcount = 16 while Jtabel = 4.From the table the critical value J for the Wilcoxon cascade test for n = 8, α = 0.05 in accordance with the criteria for acceptance and rejection of the hypothesis, the hypothesis is accepted if Jhitung> Jtabel, namely Jhitung> Jtabel where 16> 4, from this calculation it can be seen that the treatment in the experimental group means that the hypothesis that says there is a significant effect of group counseling with a behavioristic approach on the adjustment of class VIII-4 students of MTs Negeri 2 Medan is acceptable
Pembuatan Sistem Bank Sampah Online pada Kelurahan Serua
Authors: Maulana Hata , Sari Risna , Oktavianti Euis , Ismail Iklima Ermis , Oktaviana Shinta
Published: September 2021

Teknologi Informasi juga dapat didekatkan sebagai solusi permasalahan yang terjadi pada aspek kehidupan sosial masyarakat. Salah satu masalah sosial yang masih memerlukan penanganan serius adalah pengelolaan sampah limbah rumah tangga, secara spesifik adalah pada sampah anorganik. Bank sampah merupakan solusi yang sedang dikembangkan oleh pemerintah untuk menekan peningkatan sampah anorganik. Kelurahan Serua, Kecamatan Bojongsari, Depok merupakan salah satu lembaga pemerintahan di lingkungan Kota Depok menghadapi permasalahan pengelolaan sampah anorganik. Dalam hal ini secara khusus pada wilayah Kelurahan Serua Bojongsari Depok, untuk mendukung program pemerintah Kota Depok menuju cyber city, maka berencana menyelesaikan masalah pengelolaan sampah anorganik dengan pendekatan TI. Sebuah sistem Bank Sampah online diterapkan sebagai alternatif pelayanan pemerintah dalam mengelola sampah anorganik dilingkungan masyarakat sekitar. Sistem Bank Sampah online memiliki fitur yang memudahkan masyarakat dalam menyukseskan program pemerintah ini. Beberapa fiturnya antara lain penukaran saldo ke pulsa listrik atau Handphone, melihat saldo, dan transfer saldo ke sesama pengguna. Sistem juga dirancang dapat dibuka pada browser smartphone. Pembuatan dan implementasi sistem ini dalam program pengabdian masyarakat Program Studi Teknik Informatika Politeknik Negeri Jakarta. Implementasi sistem ditujukan pada masyarakat setempat dalam bentuk pelatihan di awal serta dilanjutkan dengan monitoring sebagai kontrol pelaksanaan program ini.
Pelatihan Teknik Copy Writing dalam Bahasa Inggris Menggunakan Aplikasi CANVA untukPengusaha Micro yang Tergabung dalam WOOBIZ
Authors: Kurniawati Dewi , Waluyo Yoyok Sabar
Published: September 2021

Woobiz merupakan startup baru yang fokus memberikan pendampingan terhadap pengusaha di bidang usaha micro. Woobiz sebagai startup e-commerce tidak hanya membantu pengusahamicro menjual dan mempromosikan produk mereka, namun juga memberikan solusi atas permasalahan pemasaran yang mereka hadapi dalam praktik yang nyata. Sistem yang dibuat memberikan kemudahan bagi produsen, re-seller maupun perorangan untuk menawarkan dan menjual produk mereka secara luas di seluruh dunia melalui internet. Fokus pada pelayanan individu, woobiz membantu meningkatkan ekonomi lokal dan memberikan kesempatan terutama bagi wanita untuk tidak hanya menjadi ibu rumah tangga namun menjadi wonder woman yang juga mampu menguatkan perekonomian keluarga. Woobiz sebagai media pemasaran online membantu wanita Indonesia untuk mengawali bisnis mereka sebagai pengusaha dan menjadi wanita mandiri baik secara sosial maupun ekonomi. Woobiz memberi bantuan pemasaran namun masih ada kendala dalam penulisan atau copy writing  untuk meningkatkan konten pesaran guna meningkatkan dana jual barang dan jasa. E-commerce memiliki jangkauan internasional karena internet tidak terbatas oleh ruang dan waktu sehingga mengharuskan para pengusaha micro untuk mampu mengenalkan produk mereka menggunakan bahasa Inggris. Dengan pelatihan copy writing pemasaran dalam bahasa Inggris menggunakan CANVA menjadi solusi untuk membantu meningkatkan penghasilan dan nilai jual barang dan jasa.
Upaya Peningkatan Sarana Belajar Siswa Madrasah Melalui Pembangunan Lapangan
Authors: Isdawimah Isdawimah , Aji A Damar , Nadhiroh Nuha , Dwiyaniti Murie , Tabrany Susilawati
Published: September 2021

Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Miftahul Ulum Desa Leuwikaret Kecamatan Klapanunggal Kabupaten Bogor memiliki 149 siswa dengan tingkatan kelas 1 - 6. Animo masyarakat untuk menyekolahkan anaknya di madrasah  ini cukup besar, meskipun  sarana  dan prasarananya  sangat minim. Minimnya  sarana  dan prasana karena keterbatasan dana Yayasan Madrasah, dimana dana yang dipungut dari siswa tidak cukup untuk memenuhi  kegiatan  operasional belajar mengajar dan minimnya dukungan  pemerintah  daerah. Sekolah ini hanya memiliki 5 ruang kelas dengan kondisi sangat memprihatinkan, sebagian pintu ruang kelas rusak, lantai keramik pecah-pecah, atap bocor, plafon rusak, tembok kotor dan terkelupas, papan tulis kotor dan terkelupas, meja dan kursi banyak yang rusak.   Demikian juga WC bau dan tidak ada pintunya, lingkungan kotor dan gersang serta kondisi lapangan upacara tidak memadai, karena banyaknya bongkahan   bekas   bangunan.   Perbaikan   lapangan   diprioritaskan,   mengingat   sebentar   lagi   akan berlangsung lomba upacara untuk sekolah dasar di lingkungan Kecamatan Klapanunggal. Kegiatan perbaikan dimulai dengan mempersiapkan desain, bahan, alat dan lokasi lapangan. Lalu membuat lapangan dengan   penghancuran bongkahan bangunan, pembuatan pondasi lapangan, pengecoran, pengecatan dan uji coba lapangan untuk kegiatan upacara, bermain dan olahraga. Melalui perbaikan lapangan  siswa  dapat  melaksanakan  upacara  dengan  khidmat,  melaksanakan  olahraga  dan  bermain dengan  aman  dan  nyaman.  Berkat  perbaikan  lapangan,  siswa  Madrasah  Ibtidaiyah  Miftahul  Ulum berhasil menjadi Juara Pertama Lomba Upacara, dimana pencapaian ini merupakan pertama kalinya bagi madrasah tersebut yang telah berdiri sejak lama.
Pelatihan Packaging Dan Pemasaran Umkm Online Di Desa Sindangmulya, Kabupaten Bekasi
Authors: ABN Kemal , PPN Dwiyan , HM Ahmad , SS Muhammad , F Frally , Oktivasari Prihatin
Published: September 2021

Dilema keberadaan Desa Sindang Mulya yang berada di kabupaten Bekasi provinsi Jawa Barat, dengan mayoritas penduduknya yang tidak bekerja. Adapun banyaknya warga yang sudah berumah tangga disana lebih memilih mengurus rumah tangga dan bekerja sebagai buruh pabrik. Sedangkan disisi lain ibu – ibu disana, sudah mempunyai usaha sendiri, yang dimana mempunyai produk rumahan seperti makanan dan minuman. Untuk produk makanannya itu berupa peyek, tekwan, sistik, pudding, cilok, kripik pisang coklat,dan lain-lain. Sedangkan, minumannya sendiri berupa The poci, dan susu kedelai. Produk mereka pasarkan ke Media Online karena Kurangnya bentuk kemasan yang menarik pada produk mereka, membuat harga jual produk pun mejadi rendah. Melalui Program Hibah Bina Desa (PHBD) Kemenristekdikti ini, dengan pelaksana para mahasiswa Politeknik Negeri Jakarta, Jurusan Teknik Informatika, yang berbasis pengabdian masyarakat melakukan Pelatihan packaging dan pemasaran produk Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) secara online di Desa Sindang Mulya Kabupaten Bekasi. Kegiatan ini dibuat untuk membantu para wirausaha agar mengembangkan packaging/kemasan mereka menjadi lebih menarik dan bernilai jual tinggi serta bisa dipasarkan secara online di website ataupun sosial media, antara lain Whatsapp, Instagram dan Facebook.
Kegiatan Pelatihan Mengelola Event di Kelurahan Meruyung Depok
Authors: Syah Firman , Maswir Maswir
Published: September 2021

Kegiatan pelatihan mengelola event Kelurahan Meruyung Depok guna menyiapkan para pengelola pariwisata edukasi untuk lebih memaksimalkan peluang bisnis yang ada. Sehingga program unggulan event di Kelurahan Meruyung dapat dimaksimalkan dengan baik. Mengingat potensi destinasi wisata yang sudah berjalan saat ini masih dikategorikan stagnan.Prioritas program kegiatan event dikemas mulai dari pre event, event, dan pasca event. Seluruh rangkaian kegiatan dalam event tersebut dilaksanakan secara baik dan detail sehingga mampu menyiapkan sumber daya manusia yang menguasai setiap step pelaksanaan event.Selain itu, diawali dengan memberikan pemahaman seputar destinasi wisata yang ada di Kelurahan Meruyung sesuai dengan UU Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepariwisataan, khususnya Pasal 14 tentang Usaha Jasa Pariwisata. Hal ini guna menunjang kelancaran aktivitas wisata edukasi yang sudah dilaksanakan. Diharapkan bantuan material tersebut dapat membangkitkan kembali kepeminatan destinasi wisata yang ada di Kelurahan Meruyung Depok.Hasil dari kegiatan ini, terlihat adanya ketertarikan dari masyarakat di Kelurahan Meruyung untuk mengembangkan wisata tirta. Dapat dilihat dengan adanya sungai pesanggrahan yang akan dimaksimalkan keberadaannya. Terlebih saat ini dua destinasi wisata yang ada yakni Masjid Dian Al-Mahri dan Kampung 99 Pepohonan sudah dikelola oleh swasta.
Segregação de funções na administração pública federal com enfoque na conformidade contábil
Authors: Cavalcante Daiana de Fátima Moreira
Published: September 2021

A busca incessante pela eficácia e pela eficiência da máquina pública deve estar amparada por instrumentos de controle que permitam medir as ações públicas e favoreçam a melhoria do processo decisório daqueles que gerenciam os recursos públicos, ou seja, dos gestores públicos. O controle interno, com todos os seus objetivos e princípios, é um facilitador desse processo. Dito isto, este artigo investigou a importância da aplicação do princípio de controle interno denominado segregação de funções no desempenho das atividades do servidor público, com enfoque naquele responsável pela Conformidade Contábil de órgão da Administração Pública Federal. Adicionalmente, apresentamos alguns conceitos e objetivos do controle interno, bem como as definições do princípio de segregação de funções e da Conformidade Contábil. A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa exploratória com revisão de bibliografias que tratam das temáticas abordadas. Com o estudo, demonstramos a importância da aplicação do princípio de controle interno denominado segregação de funções que permite uma melhor distribuição das atividades e das responsabilidades institucionais entre os servidores públicos, com destaque para a execução da Conformidade Contábil. Concluimos, por fim, que a segregação de funções na execução da Conformidade Contábil gera maior confiabilidade das demonstrações contábeis e também mais segurança nos atos praticados pela gestão pública.
ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЧАСОМ
Authors: Грінченко Раїса
Published: September 2021

У статті обґрунтовано необхідність управління часом для особистості та для підприємства. Виявлено основні категорії суб’єктів, яким необхідно опановувати засади оптимізації управління часом. Простежено ретроспективу теоретичних підходів управління часом. Виділено основні елементи системи управління часом: філософія, стратегія, технологія та ефективність. Запропоновані основні елементи управління часом, такі як: цілепокладання, пріорітезація, формування переліку задач, планування та оптимізація задач, виконання задач, контроль за виконанням задач, зворотній зв’язок із цілепокладанням. Розглянуто сутність та особливості оптимізації управління часом. Запропоновано методику застосування методів математичного моделювання вибору альтернативних варіантів при оптимізації управління часом проводити в трьох основних послідовних етапах. Сформований алгоритм розробки елементів організаційно-практичного забезпечення оптимізації управління часом.
ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ІНВЕСТУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Гук Ольга , Мохонько Ганна , Шендерівська Ліна
Published: September 2021

У статті розкрито основні тенденції інвестування в Україні. Авторами проаналізовано розмір прямих іноземних інвестицій в Україну та прямі іноземні інвестиції з України протягом 2016-2020 рр. Наведено перелік основних країн-інвесторів в Україну в 2020 році. Виокремлено передумови стабільного економічного розвитку країни та її регіонів. У статті досліджено фактори інвестиційної привабливості України. Розглянуто капітальні інвестиції помислових підприємств в 2015-2020 рр. Проаналізовано найбільш привабливі галузі для власників промислових підприємств та держави в контексті капітальних інвестицій за видами промислової діяльності протягом 2015-2010 рр. Авторами детально досліджено галузі переробної промисловості у 2015-2020 рр. і визначено найбільш та найменш привабливі галузі для інвестиційних вливань. У статті авторами оцінено тенденції в галузі машинобудування, зокрема певні негативні зміни в обсязі інвестицій в зв’язку із пандемією. Авторами визначено, що в 2020 році через негативний економічний та політичний стан в країні, найбільше скоротився обсяг інвестицій в галузь виробництва автотранспорту. Розглянуто пріоритетні напрями іноземних капіталовкладень в Україні за 2020 рік та визначено переробну промисловість, фінансову діяльність, торгівлю та інші напрями іноземних капіталовкладень як найбільш пріоритетні галузі. Виокремлено основні проблеми розвитку інвестиційної діяльності в Україні та в результаті проведених досліджень визначено перспективи регулювання процесу розвитку інвестиційної системи в Україні. Авторами наведено стратегічні орієнтири щодо формування позитивного інвестиційного клімату в Україні та проаналізовано причини несприятливого інвестиційного клімату. Авторами запропоновано комплекс заходів для покращення інвестиційного клімату в Україні.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНСТРУМЕНТАРІЮ МАРКЕТИНГУ ПОСЛУГ ЕЛЕВАТОРАМИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Пенькова Оксана , Харенко Андрій , Соковніна Діана
Published: September 2021

Стаття присвячена аналізу практики використання інструментарію маркетингу послуг елеваторними підприємствами України. Проаналізовано наявність виробничих елеваторних потужностей та рівень їх відповідності обсягам виробництва зернових, зернобобових та олійних культур у регіональному розрізі. Визначено, що пропозиція послуг елеваторів зі зберігання в розрізі окремих видів сільськогосподарських культур у цілому відповідає структурі та обсягам їх виробництва. Виявлені особливості формування цінової політики елеваторних підприємств залежно від конкурентної ситуації на локальних ринках. Розглянуто практику використання програм лояльності елеваторних підприємств. Обґрунтовано, що посилення конкуренції між зерносховищами в окремих регіонах сприяло активізації маркетингових зусиль елеваторів по просуванню послуг.
ОЦІНКА ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЕФЕКТУ ВІД ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ: ЗАГАЛЬНІ ПРИНЦИПИ ОЦІНКИ
Authors: Терещенко Лариса
Published: September 2021

Ефективність управлінських інформаційних систем – це характеристика, яка відображає ступінь відповідності системи своєму призначенню, її технічній досконалості і економічній доцільності. У статті розглянуто питання загальні принципи оцінки економічного ефекту від впровадження управлінських інформаційних систем (УІС) та загальні принципи оцінки. Керівництво компанії повинно розуміти, яку вигоду принесе впровадження УІС компанії, наскільки ефективно, з економічної точки зору, зміниться виробничий процес під час використання системи. В статті обґрунтовано сутність, що визначає прямий економічний ефект від впровадження сучасної комплексної системи управління підприємством – системи ERP. Надані рекомендації та пропозиції щодо вибору методів та моделей в оцінці переваг ефективності ІТ-проєктів. Схарактеризовано загальні принципи і підходи, правила щодо процесу оцінки незалежно від методики оцінки, що використовується.
A Corollary of the Conant-Ashby Theorem Applied to Abiogenesis
Authors: Darbesio Eugenio
Published: September 2021

From the Conant-Ashby theorem about the "good regulator" is possible to derive a corollary about the origin of life (OOL). This corollary introduces the concept of "good constructor." Thenit is shown as nature, seen as a material system ruled by the laws of physics, cannot be a "good constructor" of the basic machinery necessary for a living cell. As a consequence OOL needs intelligent design.
2D Puzzle Visualizations of Boolean Formulae
Authors: Holloway Eric
Published: September 2021

In the comparison between human and computational intelligence, often times the comparison is not straightforward because humans can possess domain knowledge inaccessible to the program they are competing with. To provide a level playing field, it is helpful to have humans and computers compete in a domain where both start with equal domain knowledge, and the domain is well understood.
Solution of the Grazing Goat Problem: A Conflict between Beauty and Pragmatism
Authors: Marks II Robert J
Published: September 2021

What is the ideal solution of a problem in mathematics? It depends on your nerd ideology. Pure mathematicians worship the beauty of a mathematics result. Closed form solutions are particularly beautiful. Engineers and applied mathematicians, on the other hand, focus on the result independent of its beauty. If a solution exists and can be calculated, that's enough. The job is done. An example is solution of the grazing goat problem. A recent closed form solution in the form of a ratio of two contour integrals has been found for the grazing goat problem and its beauty has been admired by pure mathematicians. For the engineer and applied mathematician, numerical solution of the grazing goat problem comes from an easily derived transcendental equation. The transcendental equation, known for some time, was not considered a beautiful enough solution for the pure mathematician so they kept on looking until they found a closed form solution. The numerical evaluation of the transcendental equation is not as beautiful. It is not in closed form. But the accuracy of the solution can straightforwardly be evaluated to within any accuracy desired. To illustrate, we derive and solve the transcendental equation for a generalization of the grazing goat problem.
Mycobacterium chimaera as an Underestimated Cause of NTM Lung Diseases in Patients Hospitalized in Pulmonary Wards
Authors: ZABOST ANNA T. , SZTURMOWICZ MONIKA , BRZEZIŃSKA SYLWIA A. , KLATT MAGDALENA D. , AUGUSTYNOWICZ-KOPEĆ EWA M.
Published: September 2021

Mycobacterium chimaera is the newly described species belonging to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), with morphology and growth characteristics closely related to Mycobacterium intracellulare. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the frequency and clinical significance of M. chimaera identification in the population of patients with previous positive respiratory cultures for M. intracellulare or MAC. 200 strains of M. intracellulare or MAC, isolated from respiratory specimens of patients hospitalized in pulmonary wards, between 2011 and 2020, were retrospectively analyzed with GenoType NTM-DR test. 88 (44%) of strains were re-classified to M. chimaera species. Analysis of clinical data in 30 patients with positive M. chimaera isolates revealed that they were diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – 27%, past tuberculosis – 20%, or interstitial lung diseases – 17%, respectively. Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTMLD) caused by M. chimaera has been recognized in 53% of patients, most often in those presenting with post-tuberculous lung lesions. M. chimaera was almost exclusively isolated from respiratory specimens of patients with underlying lung diseases, especially those with COPD and/or past tuberculosis. NTMLD due to M. chimaera was diagnosed predominantly in patients with past tuberculosis.
The Effect of Long-Term Storage on Mycobacterium bovis
Authors: TKACHENKO OLEXIY , KOZAK NATALI , BILAN MARYNA , HLEBENIUK VOLODYMYR , ALEKSEEVA NATALIA , KOVALEVA LILIYA , NEDOSEKOV VITALII , GALATIUK OLEXANDR
Published: September 2021

It was established that when stored for many years (10–13 years) in low-temperature conditions (3°C), without sub-culture on a nutrient medium, Mycobacterium bovis grew as visible colonies along the line of inoculation. However, due to long-term storage in conditions of low temperature (3°C) morphology of mycobacteria differed significantly from initial cultures formed by rod-shaped bacteria. Some of them became pigment-forming and smooth on the surface. Unlike the initial strain of mycobacteria, a perennial bacteria stored under hard conditions did not cause the death of guinea pigs or their sensitization to a purified protein derivative for mammals. Morphological forms of the perennial mycobacteria had the following changes: pigment forming, L-forms of the vesicular type, non-acid-fast thread-like (filamentous) bacillary forms, and elementary bodies when compared to the initial strain. There were also some genetic changes in the target DNA due to the long-term storage of M. bovis. It may indicate a mutation in the pathogen’s DNA. These mycobacteria had altered biochemical activity during storage. The number of passages on the solid nutrient medium did not affect their fermentative activity. However, the low cultivation temperature increases mycobacterial catalase activity and the ability to hydrolyze Tween-80.
Characteristics of Vaginal Microbiome in Women with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Korea
Authors: KIM SUKYUNG , SEO HOONHEE , RAHIM MD ABDUR , TAJDOZIAN HANIEH , KIM YUN-SOOK , SONG HO-YEON
Published: September 2021

Human vaginal microorganisms play an important role in maintaining good health throughout the human life cycle. An imbalance in the vaginal microbiota is associated with an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This study aimed to characterize and compare vaginal microbial profiles of premenopausal Korean women with and without PID. 74 Korean premenopausal female vaginal samples were obtained; 33 were from healthy women (a control group) and 41 from PID patients. Vaginal fluid samples were collected from the vaginal wall and posterior cervix and then analyzed by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene-based amplicon sequencing. Results showed a significant difference between the vaginal microbial communities of the two groups (Jensen-Shannon, p = 0.014; Bray-Curtis, p = 0.009; Generalized UniFrac, p = 0.007; UniFrac, p = 0.008). Lactobacillus accounted for the highest percentage (61.0%) of the control group but was significantly decreased (34.9%) in PID patients; this was the most significant difference among all bacterial communities (p = 0.028, LDA effect size = 5.129). In addition, in the PID patient group, species diversity significantly increased (Simpson, p = 0.07) as the proportion of various pathogens increased evenly, resulting in a polymicrobial infection. Similarly, lactate, which constituted the highest percentage of the organic acids in the control group, was significantly decreased in the PID patient group (p = 0.04). The present study’s findings will help understand PID from the microbiome perspective and are expected to contribute to the development of more efficient PID diagnosis and treatment modalities.
Ask, Listen, Empower
Authors: Grewal Kalina
Published: September 2021

Book Review
Uncertain Archives
Authors: Haykal Aaisha
Published: September 2021

Book Review