bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cleaning Interval, Hapa Layers and Stocking Density on Growth Performance of Sandfish Holothuria scabra Juveniles in Ocean‐Based Nursery Production Systems
Authors: Gacura Jonh Rey L. , Gorospe Jay R C. , Rescordado Racelle R. , Southgate Paul C. , de la Torre‐de la Cruz Margarita
Published: November 2024

The mass production of release‐size H. scabra juveniles in the Philippines is primarily done in a floating hapa ocean‐based nursery systems. To optimize its production, understanding the influence of different culture conditions and their management is necessary. In this study, the effects of hapa net cleaning interval, hapa layers, and stocking density on growth and survival of sandfish juveniles reared in floating hapa (L × W × H: 1.7 m × 0.9 m × 1.2 m) nursery system were assessed in two 60‐day field studies. Results showed that the number of hapa net layers and cleaning interval had negligible effects on the growth performance of sandfish juveniles by day 30. However, sandfish juvenile survival was affected by hapa net layers with higher survival in triple‐layer mosquito net hapas (40.5 ± 0.97%) compared to double‐layer mosquito net hapas (17.8 ± 0.62%). By day 60, the growth performance of sandfish juveniles in double‐layer hapas was higher (average weight: 5.0 ± 0.97 g; AGR: 0.13 ± 0.03 g day−1) compared to that in triple‐layer mosquito hapa nets (average weight: 3.1 ± 0.23 g; AGR: 0.07 ± 0.01 g day−1). Survival of sandfish juveniles reared in double‐layer mosquito net hapas, cleaned at 5‐day intervals (85.9 ± 4.58%) was significantly lower compared to all other treatments. Conversely, initial juvenile stocking density did not significantly affect the growth performance and survival of sandfish juveniles in both rearing cycles. We therefore recommend the use of triple‐layer mosquito net hapas during the first 30‐day culture period and an initial stocking density of 1000 post‐settled sandfish juveniles to increase production output. After 30 days, when the juveniles are larger, the use of double‐layer mosquito net hapas and lower stocking density are recommended to reduce cost and enhance growth performance. Where cleaning is necessary, hapa nets may be cleaned at 10‐day intervals to improve survival. The results of this study have important implications for optimizing the production of release‐size sandfish in ocean‐based nursery systems in the Philippines.
Lignin‐carbon buffered Cu sites for clean H2 evolution coupled to lignin upgrading to jet fuel precursor
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Liao Jinbin , Qiu Xueqing , Deng Yaxin , Lin Xuliang , Qin Yanlin
Published: November 2024

Solar‐driven photocatalysis is a promising strategy for clean hydrogen (H2) generation cooperated with selective organic synthesis. Lignin, rich in aromatic units and functional groups, serves as an ideal hole sacrificial agent and substrate, facilitating H2 evolution and yielding high‐value chemicals/fuels. To boost overall photocatalytic redox efficiency, thermal catalysis was further combined to enhance the transfer and activity of photo‐generated carriers. And a highly controllable Cu‐based catalyst was developed using technical lignin‐carbon as an electron buffer. The active‐pyrolyzed lignin‐carbon layer precisely regulated the crystal dispersion of Cu species on Cu/SiO2, simultaneously dynamically constructing active electron‐rich Cu0 and electron‐deficient Cuσ+ (1 < σ ≤ 2) sites. Excellent thermo‐photo redox performances were achieved, with an H2 evolution rate up to 1313.2 μmol·gcat−1·h−1 and a yield of 45.2% for C13–C16 aromatic dimers from lignin monomers. This study reveals the highly utilization of lignin in functional catalysts, as well as the efficient production of H2 and jet fuel precursors.
Automated and Interpretable Detection of Hippocampal Sclerosis in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: AID‐HS
Authors: Ripart Mathilde , DeKraker Jordan , Eriksson Maria H. , Piper Rory J. , Gopinath Siby , Parasuram Harilal , Mo Jiajie , Likeman Marcus , Ciobotaru Georgian , Sequeiros‐Peggs Philip , Hamandi Khalid , Xie Hua , Cohen Nathan T. , Su Ting‐Yu , Kochi Ryuzaburo , Wang Irene , Rojas‐Costa Gonzalo M. , Gálvez Marcelo , Parodi Costanza , Riva Antonella , D'Arco Felice , Mankad Kshitij , Clark Chris A. , Carbó Adrián Valls , Toledano Rafael , Taylor Peter , Napolitano Antonio , Rossi‐Espagnet Maria Camilla , Willard Anna , Sinclair Benjamin , Pepper Joshua , Seri Stefano , Devinsky Orrin , Pardoe Heath R. , Winston Gavin P. , Duncan John S. , Yasuda Clarissa L. , Scárdua‐Silva Lucas , Walger Lennart , Rüber Theodor , Khan Ali R. , Baldeweg Torsten , Adler Sophie , Wagstyl Konrad ,   MELD HS study group
Published: November 2024

Objective

Hippocampal sclerosis (HS), the most common pathology associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), is not always visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), causing surgical delays and reduced postsurgical seizure‐freedom. We developed an open‐source software to characterize and localize HS to aid the presurgical evaluation of children and adults with suspected TLE.

Methods

We included a multicenter cohort of 365 participants (154 HS; 90 disease controls; 121 healthy controls). HippUnfold was used to extract morphological surface‐based features and volumes of the hippocampus from T1‐weighted MRI scans. We characterized pathological hippocampi in patients by comparing them to normative growth charts and analyzing within‐subject feature asymmetries. Feature asymmetry scores were used to train a logistic regression classifier to detect and lateralize HS. The classifier was validated on an independent multicenter cohort of 275 patients with HS and 161 healthy and disease controls.

Results

HS was characterized by decreased volume, thickness, and gyrification alongside increased mean and intrinsic curvature. The classifier detected 90.1% of unilateral HS patients and lateralized lesions in 97.4%. In patients with MRI‐negative histopathologically‐confirmed HS, the classifier detected 79.2% (19/24) and lateralized 91.7% (22/24). The model achieved similar performances on the independent cohort, demonstrating its ability to generalize to new data. Individual patient reports contextualize a patient's hippocampal features in relation to normative growth trajectories, visualise feature asymmetries, and report classifier predictions.

Interpretation

Automated and Interpretable Detection of Hippocampal Sclerosis (AID‐HS) is an open‐source pipeline for detecting and lateralizing HS and outputting clinically‐relevant reports. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:62–75
Karl Ziegler – Früher Werdegang eines Wissenschaftlers
Authors: Kießling Christoph
Published: November 2024

Karl Ziegler gilt als einer der herausragendsten Chemiker des 20. Jahrhunderts. Insbesondere seine Arbeiten zu metallorganischen Mischkatalysatoren, die die Polymerisation von Ethylen bei Normaldruck erlaubten, führten zu einer Revolution in der Kunststoffherstellung und veränderten den Alltag der gesamten Menschheit. 1963 wurde ihm dafür, zusammen mit Giulio Natta, der Nobelpreis für Chemie verliehen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird Zieglers bislang wenig beachteter, früher Werdegang in den Fokus gerückt. Geschildert werden seine Jugend‐ und Studienjahre in Marburg, die teilweise in die Zeit des Ersten Weltkriegs fallen. Anschließend wird seine Post‐Doc‐Zeit betrachtet, die ihn über Marburg und Frankfurt zu seiner ersten, außerordentlichen Professur in Heidelberg führten. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf seinem Verhältnis zum Nationalsozialismus, dem er ablehnend gegenüberstand. Ziegler erfuhr dadurch in den 1930er Jahren berufliche Schwierigkeiten, wie etwa die wiederholte Ablehnung bei der Besetzung verschiedener Lehrstühle. Geschildert wird in Folge seine Berufung zum ordentlichen Lehrstuhlinhaber in Halle und sein anschließendes Direktorat am Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, wo er schließlich seine größte Forschungsleistung erbrachte.
Spatial and Temporal Visualization of Polymorphic Transformations in Pharmaceutical Tablets
Authors: Gasol‐Cardona Julia , Ward Martin R. , Gutowski Olof , Drnec Jakub , Jandl Christian , Stam Danny , Maloney Andrew G. P. , Markl Daniel , Price Stephen W. T. , Oswald Iain D. H.
Published: November 2024

X‐ray Diffraction Computed Tomography (XRD‐CT) represents a cutting‐edge method for non‐destructive material analysis, offering the unique capability of providing molecular‐level information with spatial resolution. In this study, we have applied XRD‐CT to investigate pharmaceutically relevant tablets that have been subjected to a range of compression pressures typical in tablet manufacturing. By employing XRD‐CT to pharmaceutical tablets, we reveal material changes without tablet destruction, thereby avoiding potential phase transformations during sample preparation that could lead to errors in the interpretation of the processes that have occurred. Utilizing a pressure‐sensitive marker, glycolide, we have tracked changes within tablet structures induced by compression, pinpointing locations where glycolide undergoes pressure‐induced transformation. Additionally, we conducted a follow‐up study with analysis one month later, observing an in situ hydrolysis reaction of glycolide within the tablets. Through the complementary use of electron diffraction, we have elucidated the structure of the hydrolysis product, further enhancing our understanding of temporal changes in the tablets.
Ion‐Selective Mobility Differential Amplifier: Enhancing Pressure‐Induced Voltage Response in Hydrogels
Authors: Yang Kai , Li Bolong , Ma Zhihao , Xu Jiangang , Wang Dong , Zeng Zhiheng , Ho Derek
Published: November 2024

Piezoionics is an emerging mechanical‐electrical energy conversion paradigm that enables self‐powered sensing systems for next‐generation intelligent wearable electronics. However, there are currently no rational design approaches to enhance the stimulus response of piezoionic devices. Here, we present a strategy using crown ether as ion‐selective mobility differential amplifiers for enhancing the pressure‐induced voltage response in ionic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. The crown ether grafted PVA (PVA‐CE) hydrogel prototype achieves a 30‐fold amplified piezoionic coefficient of 1490 nV Pa−1 within 0–1 kPa, compared to 49 nV Pa−1 of the unmodified PVA. The PVA‐CE exhibits an ultra‐low pressure detection limit of 0.2 Pa with a fast response time of 18.1 ms. Leveraging these properties, we further demonstrate arrayed pressure sensing with a PVA‐CE piezoionic skin, analogous to the human somatosensory network. These capabilities hold great promises for emerging healthcare applications such as synthetic biology, soft robotics, and beyond.
Transmembrane Ion Channels: From Natural to Artificial Systems
Authors: Yan Tengfei , Liu Junqiu
Published: November 2024

Natural channel proteins allow the selective permeation of ions, water or other nutritious entities across bilayer membranes, facilitating various essential physiological functions in living systems. Inspired by nature, chemists endeavor to simulate the structural features and transport behaviors of channel proteins through biomimetic strategies. In this review, we start from introducing the inherent traits of channel proteins such as their crystal structures, functions and mechanisms. Subsequently, different kind of synthetic ion channels including their design principles, dynamic regulations and therapeutic applications were carefully reviewed. Finally, the potential challenges and opportunities in this research field were also carefully discussed. It is anticipated that this review could provide some inspiring ideas and future directions towards the construction of novel bionic ion channels with higher‐level structures, properties, functions and practical applications.
Fullerene‐Hybridized Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptor with High Dielectric Constant and Isotropic Charge Transport for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Fang Haisheng , Chen Qiaomei , Lin Yi , Xu Xinjie , Wang Jiali , Li Mengdi , Xiao Chengyi , McNeill Christopher R. , Tang Zheng , Lu Zhou , Li Weiwei
Published: November 2024

A novel isotropic fullerene‐hybridized fused‐ring electron acceptor, designated C60‐Y, has been synthesized via a mild [4+2] Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction with fullerene C60 to enhance the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Comparative analysis shows that C60‐Y significantly outperforms the control acceptor Me−Y, with a notable increase in the relative dielectric constant from 2.79 to 3.95. This improvement enhances exciton dissociation and reduces non‐radiative energy losses. Additionally, the isotropic molecular packing of C60‐Y, similar to fullerene, facilitates efficient interface formation with donor polymers and improves charge mobility. As a result, incorporating C60‐Y as an electron acceptor increases the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of binary OSCs to 15.02 %, surpassing the 13.31 % achieved with Me−Y. Moreover, when integrated into a ternary blend system, an impressive PCE of 19.22 % is achieved, top‐performing among reported ternary OSCs utilizing fullerene derivatives as the third component. These results suggest that fullerene‐hybridized acceptors like C60‐Y hold great potential for advancing high‐efficiency OSCs by enhancing exciton dissociation, reducing energy losses, and improving charge mobility.
Aeration‐Free Photo‐Fenton‐Like Reaction Mediated by Heterojunction Photocatalyst toward Efficient Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Lianxin , Zhou Puyang , Gan Yu , Liu Weipeng , Wang Yiwen , Deng Yilin , Li Hongping , Xie Meng , Xu Yuanguo
Published: November 2024

The regulation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation by photo‐assisted heterogeneous catalysis is under in‐depth investigation with potential as a replaceable advanced oxidation process in water purification, yet it remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy to construct polyethylene glycol (PEG) well‐coupled dual‐defect VO−M–Co3O4@CNx S‐scheme heterojunction to degrade organic pollutants without aeration, which dramatically provides abundant active sites, excellent photo‐thermal property, and distinct charge transport pathway for PMS activation. The degradation rate of VO−M−Co3O4@CNx in anaerobic conditions shows a higher efficient rate (4.58 min−1 g−2) than in aerobic conditions (1.67 min−1 g−2). Experimental evidence reveals that VO−M−Co3O4@CNx promotes more rapid redox conversion of photoexcited electrons induced by defects with PMS under anaerobic conditions compared to aerobic conditions. Additionally, in situ experiments and DFT provide mechanistic insights into the regulation pathway of PMS activation via synergistic defect‐induced electron, revealing the competitive effect between O2 and PMS over VO−M−Co3O4@CNx during the reaction process. The continuous flow reactor and flow cytometry results demonstrated that the VO−M−Co3O4@CNx/PMS/Vis system has remarkably enhanced stability and purification capability for removing organic pollutants. This work provides valuable insights into regulating the heterologous catalysis oxidation process without aeration through the photoexcitation synergistic PMS activation.
Heptannulated Perylene Diimides: Formation and Reactivity of Electron‐Deficient Tropylium Cations and Heptafulvenes
Authors: Wiencierz Agata , Lis Tadeusz , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Cybińska Joanna , Stępień Marcin
Published: November 2024

The development of new π‐conjugated motifs opens pathways to previously unexplored classes of organic semiconductors and functional dyes. In this study, five‐ and seven‐membered carbocycles were fused at the ortho and bay regions of electron‐deficient perylenes, starting from a common dialdehyde precursor. Structural analysis of the resulting perylene tetraesters, dianhydrides, and diimides (PDIs) revealed three distinct ring‐fusion patterns and defined stereochemistry. The fused PDI cycloheptatrienes demonstrated susceptibility to acid‐catalyzed transarylation, involving tropylium cation intermediates, which can be used preparatively. Under superacidic conditions, the PDI tropylium cations were directly observed and shown to undergo hydride‐transfer reductions. Additionally, a fused PDI bis(heptafulvene) was synthesized by dehydrogenating a suitably substituted PDI cycloheptatriene. The final system contains two quinomethane units, which can be protonated to yield a stable tropylium‐like dication.
Biofabrication and Characterisation of Ni‐Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles With Enhanced Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Activities
Authors: Vindhya P. S. , Suresh Sandhya , Kavitha V. T.
Published: November 2024

The present work focuses on Annona muricata leaf extract–mediated green synthesis of pure and nickel‐doped tin oxide nanoparticles for 3%, 5% and 7% concentrations. The properties of the obtained nanoparticles were investigated through XRD, FTIR, XPS, HRTEM–SAED, SEM–EDX and UV–visible spectroscopy techniques. The XRD pattern reveals all samples have tetragonal structures with high crystallinity. The Sn–O stretching vibration has been confirmed through FTIR spectra. The XPS results demonstrate that Sn0.93Ni0.07O2 nanoparticles have Sn3d, Ni2p and O1s oxidation states. EDX spectra contain Ni, Sn and O elements, which indicate the purity of the samples. UV–visible absorption spectrum shows decreases in optical energy bandgap with increases in nickel dopant concentration. The samples exhibit notable antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Also, Sn0.93Ni0.07O2 nanoparticle has higher antifungal activity against A. niger than against C. albicans. Moreover, SnO2 nanoparticles have considerable antioxidant activity in DPPH scavenging compared to Sn0.93Ni0.07O2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, SnO2 nanoparticles have a better cytotoxic effect for L929 normal fibroblast cell lines with an LD50 value of 146.42 μg/mL. Additionally, the photocatalytic activity of SnO2 and Sn0.93Ni0.07O2 nanoparticles was done against methylene blue dye under direct sunlight irradiation. Overall, environmentally friendly synthetic pure and Ni‐doped SnO2 nanoparticles can be used in wastewater filter technologies as well as in medical aids due to their better cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects.
Use of Electrospun Cellulose Acetate/Silica Composites as Multifunctional Ingredients in Eco‐Friendly Semisolid Lubricant Formulations
Authors: Toro‐Gallego Manuel , Valencia Concepción , Sánchez M. Carmen , Martín‐Alfonso José E. , Franco José M.
Published: November 2024

Cellulose acetate/silica (CA/SIL) nanocomposites are prepared by electrospinning and investigated as multifunctional ingredients in eco‐friendly semisolid lubricant formulations. The structuring ability of these electrospun composites in castor oil and the antifriction and antiwear properties are examined through rheological and tribological experiments. The multifunctionality of CA/SIL composites arises from a balance between the silica content and the formation of nanofiber‐dominated structures. The linear viscoelasticity functions in the oleo‐dispersions increase by several orders of magnitude with both the spinning solution concentration and the CA:SIL ratio. However, the rheological response primarily depends on the morphology of the nanofiber mat obtained, specifically nanofiber diameter and the presence of beads. In contrast, the silica content significantly impacts the tribological performance of the oleo‐dispersions regardless of nanofiber morphology. For similar nanoarchitectures and rheological responses, the friction coefficient is reduced from 0.227 to 0.108 by incorporating silica in a 10:1 CA:SIL ratio, compared with the SIL‐free electrospun CA nanofibers, while wear is completely prevented. Increasing the composite concentration from 5 to 12.5 wt. % enhances wear protection and the gel strength of oleo‐dispersions, for example, the plateau modulus rises from 800 to 42,000 Pa using a composite with a 10:1 CA:SIL ratio.
Comparative Analysis of the Use of Polymers and Release Agents in Mold Manufacturing for Polyurethane Foam (PUR) Production
Authors: Guerrero‐Vacas Guillermo , Rodríguez‐Alabanda Óscar
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on optimizing the demolding process in polyurethane foam (PUR) production evaluating the interaction between different polymeric materials used for mold manufacturing and release agents. Three polymers—polyamide (PA), polyacetal (POM), and polypropylene (PP)—were tested with water‐based and solvent‐based release agents assessing their effectiveness in reducing PUR foam adherence. Specimens were fabricated by CNC machining and surface roughness, hydrophobicity, demolding energy, and peel‐off stress over four cumulative foam manufacturing cycles have been measured. PP, particularly combined with water‐based release agents, exhibited significantly lower PUR foam adherence (2–7 times less), surface roughness (3–18 times less), and required demolding energy (1–12 times less) than PA and POM. Statistical analysis confirmed the mold material as the most influencing factor in the process. These findings suggest that PP offers the most efficient demolding process, reducing both energy consumption and surface wear, providing a new way to improve efficiency and sustainability in PUR foam production. In conclusion, low adhesion polymeric materials can be an alternative to the metallic materials commonly used in the manufacture of molds for the PUR foam manufacturing process, leading to significant improvements in sustainability and efficiency.
Secondary metabolite profiles and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity of ethanolic extracts from nine genotypes of Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: Schadich Ermin , Kaczorová Dominika , Béres Tibor , Džubák Petr , Hajdúch Marián , Tarkowski Petr , Ćavar Zeljković Sanja
Published: November 2024

This study deals with the comprehensive phytochemical composition and antiviral activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 of acidic (non‐decarboxylated) and neutral (decarboxylated) ethanolic extracts from seven high‐cannabidiol (CBD) and two high‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) Cannabis sativa L. genotypes. Their secondary metabolite profiles, phytocannabinoid, terpenoid, and phenolic, were determined by LC‐UV, GC‐MS, and LC‐MS/MS analyses, respectively. All three secondary metabolite profiles, cannabinoid, terpenoid, and phenolic, varied significantly among cannabinoid extracts of different genotypes. The dose–response analyses of their antiviral activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 showed that only the single predominant phytocannabinoids (CBD or THC) of the neutral extracts exhibited antiviral activity (all IC50 < 10.0 μM). The correlation matrix between phytoconstituent levels and antiviral activity revealed that the phenolic acids, salicylic acid and its glucoside, chlorogenic acid, and ferulic acid, and two flavonoids, abietin, and luteolin, in different cannabinoid extracts from high‐CBD genotypes are implicated in the genotype‐distinct antagonistic effects on the predominant phytocannabinoid. On the other hand, these analyses also suggested that the other phytocannabinoids and the flavonoid orientin can enrich the extract's pharmacological profiles. Thus, further preclinical studies on cannabinoid extract formulations with adjusted non‐phytocannabinoid compositions are warranted to develop supplementary antiviral treatments.
Utilization of early therapeutic supports by autistic preschoolers in Australia: A cross‐sectional study following implementation of the National Disability Insurance Scheme
Authors: Pye Katherine , Le Ha N. D. , Iacono Teresa , Gold Lisa
Published: November 2024

There are many types of support for young autistic children and their families, but service use in this population is not well understood. In this study, primary caregivers of autistic preschoolers were surveyed (n = 95) and a selection were then interviewed (n = 19) to understand how early, therapeutic supports were accessed by families in Australia following the establishment of a National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). This article presents the quantitative data from surveys and interviews. Families usually accessed at least two types of support. The most accessed supports were occupational therapy, speech pathology and psychology, with 43% of the sample accessing some other form of support. Multiple linear regression indicated that children's higher level of support need, living in less remote or less socio‐economically disadvantaged areas, and high household income were associated with higher numbers of supports accessed. Services tended to follow an individual, clinic‐based model and little use of alternative service delivery was reported. The findings indicate that Australian families are accessing a wider range of support types than before the NDIS and children with more substantial autism‐related support needs are likely to access a greater number of types of supports. Socio‐economic inequities continue to exist and should be addressed.
Newly discovered harvestmen relict eyes eyeing for their functions
Authors: Friedrich Markus
Published: November 2024

Most chelicerates operate the world with two kinds of visual organs, the median and lateral eyes of the arthropod ground plan. In harvestmen (Opiliones), however, members of the small and withdrawn suborder Cyphophthalmi lack eyes except for two genera with lateral eyes. In the other suborders (Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, and Laniatores), lateral eyes are absent but median eyes pronounced. To resolve the phylogenetic history of these contrasting trait states and the taxonomic position of a four‐eyed harvestmen fossil, visual system development was recently studied in the daddy longleg Phalangium opilio (Eupnoi). This effort uncovered not only a highly regressed and internalized pair of lateral eyes but also a similarly cryptic pair of additional median eyes. After recounting the evo‐devo discovery journey of uncompromising harvestmen taxonomists, this review explores comparative evidence that the enigmatic P. opilio relict eyes might serve the multichannel zeitgeber system of the biological clock.
Adaptation of Aglycosylated Monoclonal Antibodies for Improved Production in Komagataella phaffii
Authors: Yang Yuchen , Dalvie Neil C. , Brady Joseph R. , Naranjo Christopher A. , Lorgeree Timothy , Rodriguez‐Aponte Sergio A. , Johnston Ryan S. , Tracey Mary K. , Elenberger Carmen M. , Lee Eric , Tié Mark , Love Kerry R. , Love J. Christopher
Published: November 2024

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a major class of biopharmaceuticals manufactured by well‐established processes using Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Next‐generation biomanufacturing using alternative hosts like Komagataella phaffii could improve the accessibility of these medicines, address broad societal goals for sustainability, and offer financial advantages for accelerated development of new products. Antibodies produced by K. phaffii, however, may manifest unique molecular quality attributes, like host‐dependent, product‐related variants, that could raise potential concerns for clinical use. We demonstrate here conservative modifications to the amino acid sequence of aglycosylated antibodies based on the human IgG1 isotype that minimize product‐related variations when secreted by K. phaffii. A combination of 2–3 changes of amino acids reduced variations across six different aglycosylated versions of commercial mAbs. Expression of a modified sequence of NIST mAb in both K. phaffii and CHO cells showed comparable biophysical properties and molecular variations. These results suggest a path toward the production of high‐quality mAbs that could be expressed interchangeably by either yeast or mammalian cells. Improving molecular designs of proteins to enable a range of manufacturing strategies for well‐characterized biopharmaceuticals could accelerate global accessibility and innovations.
Advancing corporate sustainability via big data analytics, blockchain innovation, and organizational dynamics—A cross‐validated predictive approach
Authors: Xu Youli , Sarfraz Muddassar , Sun Jianmin , Ivascu Larisa , Ozturk Ilknur
Published: November 2024

In today's business landscape, the paramount focus of firms is to achieve advanced corporate sustainability. This objective has led to the development of big data analytics, reliable big and cloud data analytics capabilities, and blockchain technology as powerful tools worldwide that have helped firms increase sustainable performance. Capitalizing on these technologies, this study provides new insight into the role data‐driven competitive sustainability, data‐driven culture, and organizational management information in steering firms' performance. Using a quantitative research approach, data was collected through a structured survey administered to managers and IT professionals across various industries. The relationships between the variables were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), confirming that all proposed hypotheses were supported. The results demonstrate the significant positive impact of big data analytics capabilities, reliable big and cloud data analytics capabilities, and blockchain technology on corporate sustainable performance and data‐driven competitive sustainability. Furthermore, data‐driven competitive sustainability was found to mediate the relationships between BDA, RBCDA, blockchain technology, and corporate sustainable performance. Additionally, OMIS‐fit and data‐driven culture were identified as critical moderators that enhance the effects of these technological capabilities on competitive sustainability and corporate performance. These findings provide valuable insights for organizations seeking to leverage advanced technological capabilities to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in emerging economies.
Personality traits and circular business models: Fostering consumer engagement with circular economy
Authors: Gomes Sofia
Published: November 2024

Despite the growth of the circular economy in the last decade, consumer participation, particularly in circular business models, has still been little explored. Engaging consumers in the circular economy requires not only awareness but also a shift in behavior and mindset toward circularity. Based on the Meta‐Theoretic Model of Motivation and Personality (3 M Model), we explore the role of the big five personality traits as drivers of consumer engagement in a circular economy and their willingness to participate in the circular business model. To this end, we collected a sample of 489 Portuguese consumers, and the Partial Least Square method was applied to the formulated research model. The results demonstrate that personality traits directly affect consumer engagement with the circular economy but not willingness to participate in the circular business model. Engaging with the circular economy in advance is necessary for consumers' personality traits to influence their willingness to participate in the circular business model. Furthermore, this association is stronger if consumers are women and young people. This study contributes to the extension of the 3 M Model to circular consumer behavior and the multidimensionality of the concept of consumer engagement. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that consumers' greater willingness to participate in a circular business model depends on their personality and engagement with the circular economy, allowing companies and policy‐makers to adopt measures to promote the active role of the consumer in the circular economy.
Chondroitin Sulfate‐Coated Heteroduplex‐Molecular Spherical Nucleic Acids
Authors: Laine Toni , Deshpande Prasannakumar , Tähtinen Ville , Coffey Eleanor T. , Virta Pasi
Published: November 2024

Molecular Spherical Nucleic Acids (MSNAs) are atomically uniform dendritic nanostructures and potential delivery vehicles for oligonucleotides. The radial formulation combined with covalent conjugation may hide the oligonucleotide content and simultaneously enhance the role of appropriate conjugate groups on the outer sphere. The conjugate halo may be modulated to affect the delivery properties of the MSNAs. In the present study, [60]fullerene‐based molecular spherical nucleic acids, consisting of a 2′‐deoxyribonucleotide and a ribonucleotide sequence, were used as hybridization‐mediated carriers (“DNA and RNA‐carriers”) for an antisense oligonucleotide, suppressing Tau protein, (i. e. Tau‐ASO) and its conjugates with chondroitin sulfate tetrasaccharides (CS) with different sulfation patterns. The impact of the MSNA carriers, CS‐moieties on the conjugates and the CS‐decorations on the MSNAs on cellular uptake and ‐ activity (Tau‐suppression) of the Tau‐ASO was studied with hippocampal neurons in vitro. The formation and stability of these heteroduplex ASO‐MSNAs were evaluated by UV melting profile analysis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and size exclusion chromatography equipped with a multi angle light scattering detector (SEC‐MALS). The cellular uptake and ‐ activity were studied by confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis, respectively.
Cone‐Rod Dystrophy and Progressive Visual Loss as the First Manifestation of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 7: A Case Report
Authors: Hosseini Seyedeh Maryam , Nejad Shahrokh Abadi Reza , Babaei Meisam , Eghbal Fatemeh , Hashemi Narges
Published: November 2024

This case report documents the experience of a 5‐year‐old girl who showed signs of retinal degeneration as the initial symptom of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCLs). She originally presented with visual failure, which rapidly progressed to near total bilateral blindness. Two years later, she developed seizures and cognitive impairment, leading to a diagnosis of NCL7 resulting from a homozygote mutation in the MFSD8 gene. This case underscores the importance of considering NCLs as a potential diagnosis in cases of cone‐rod dystrophy and visual loss as the primary clinical feature. It also emphasizes the early onset and initial presentation of retinal degeneration associated with NCL7, before other signs and symptoms manifest, as the second documented case of its kind. Due to the potential for NCL7 to present initially with visual loss before other hallmark signs, it is crucial to consider it among various syndromic and non‐syndromic disorders in the differential diagnosis.
Surgical Repair of a Giant Unruptured Left Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm in an Older Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Oki Shinichi , Sato Hirotaka
Published: November 2024

A giant unruptured left sinus of Valsalva aneurysms is extremely rare. Even if asymptomatic, surgical repair should be performed, considering comorbidities, and patient's physical condition. In this case, patch repair with coronary artery bypass, correction of sinotubular junction, and aortic annulus for aortic regurgitation benefited the older patient.
Conversion of Penta‐Acetyl‐Xylitol to 3‐Acetoxymethylene‐Tetrahydrofuran by a Combined Hetero‐/Homogeneous Tandem Catalyst System
Authors: England Aidan E. , Slater‐Eddy Gabriel Hart , Earnden Laura , van der Zalm Joshua , Schlaf Marcel
Published: November 2024

A tandem catalyst system comprised of trifluoromethanesulfonic (triflic acid, HOTf) or hafnium tetratriflate (Hf(OTf)4) and Ru/C in glacial acetic acid (HOAc) as the solvent at 200 °C and ∼ 7 MPa hydrogen pressure in a batch reactor converts penta‐acetyl‐xylitol ((2R,3R,4S)‐pentane‐1,2,3,4,5‐penta‐acetoxy‐pentane) or unprotected xylitol to 3‐acetoxymethylene‐tetrahydrofuran (3‐AMT) in up to 15% yield at full conversion. A comparative analysis by SEM‐EDS and XPS of the fresh commercial Ru/C catalyst versus catalyst reused and recovered after five cycles shows increasing aggregation of ruthenium to larger particles with a concomitant decrease in yield of 3‐AMT to 8%–9% for cycles four and five. 3‐AMT or its hydrolysis product 3‐hydroxymethyl‐tetrahydrofuran (3‐HMT) are valuable synthons for the preparation of agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and specialty polyurethanes and polyesters.
Trends in dual antiplatelet therapy regimens and clinical outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug‐eluting stents: A multicenter real‐world study
Authors: Wilairat Preyanate , Phrommintikul Arintaya , Chotayaporn Thanyalak , Wattanasombat Supharat , Hmuenpha Rungtiwa , Kornjirakasemsan Supitchaya , Poolpun Duangkamon , Yoodee Voratima
Published: November 2024

Background

The patterns of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) use and the associated clinical outcomes in current practice remain limited. This study evaluates DAPT regimen patterns and clinical outcomes among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

This multicenter retrospective cohort study included ACS patients treated with PCI from January 2017 to February 2022 at five tertiary hospitals in Thailand. DAPT was categorized as nonpotent (NP‐DAPT) or potent (P‐DAPT). We described DAPT trends, with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and major bleeding, as primary efficacy and safety outcomes. Outcomes were assessed using inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) with Cox's proportional hazards model.

Results

The study included 1877 patients with ACS undergoing PCI. The mean age was 64.51 years (standard deviation 11.34), with 639 (34.04%) female patients and 1159 (61.75%) presenting ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Of these, 924 (49.23%) received NP‐DAPT, and 953 (50.77%) were prescribed P‐DAPT. Crude MACE incidence was lower in the P‐DAPT compared to the NP‐DAPT group (6.82% vs. 10.28%). After applying IPTW and conducting Cox's proportional hazard analysis, no significant differences in MACE were observed between groups (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–1.25, p = 0.408), nor in major bleeding (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.37–1.70, p = 0.555). P‐DAPT was associated with any higher bleeding risk (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.13–2.03, p = 0.005).

Conclusion

Standard DAPT remains predominant among Thai ACS patients, with NP‐DAPT prescriptions approaching those of P‐DAPT. Despite similar rates of MACE and major bleeding between the groups, P‐DAPT was associated with a higher risk of any bleeding.
Analysis and Optimization of Cryogenic Distillation Systems: For Reducing Distillation Energy Consumption
Authors: Qiao Shiwei , Xu Min , Lv Xiaofei , Zhao Huijun
Published: November 2024

Carbon capture utilization and storage‐enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is often considered the most promising technology for utilizing CO2. Cryogenic distillation is also viewed as the most reasonable separation option for handling CO2‐EOR gases, despite being an energy‐intensive process. The main challenge for this technology is energy loss. To overcome this challenge, one potential alternative is to optimize the system processes and parameters. This study proposes a new process to reduce distillation energy consumption by refluxing the distillate back to the distillation column. Operational parameter optimization was performed using the commercial simulator Aspen HYSYS for modeling and sensitivity analysis of process parameters using orthogonal experimental methods. The simulation results indicate that after optimization, the energy consumption in the distillation process decreased from 0.207 to 0.196 MJ kg−1, whereas the purity decreased slightly from 94.63 % to 94.52 %. However, the recovery increased from 97.8 % to 97.88 %, and the total energy consumption decreased from 0.772 to 0.761 MJ kg−1.
Self‐supported thin‐film electrode consisting of transition metal borides for highly efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Miao Qi , Bao Lihong , Gao Yuxin , Wang Hao , Cao Yongjun , Li Wei , Li Lei , Yang Xiaowei , Zhao Jijun , Ma Ruguang
Published: November 2024

Transition metal borides (TMBs) are a new class of promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen generation by water splitting. However, the synthesis of robust all‐in‐one electrodes is challenging for practical applications. Herein, a facile solid‐state boronization strategy is reported to synthesize a series of self‐supported TMBs thin films (TMB‐TFs) with large area and high catalytic activity. Among them, MoB thin film (MoB‐TF) exhibits the highest activity toward electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), displaying a low overpotential (η10 = 191 and 219 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and a small Tafel slope (60.25 and 61.91 mV dec−1) in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1.0 M KOH, respectively. Moreover, it outperforms the commercial Pt/C at the high current density region, demonstrating potential applications in industrially electrochemical water splitting. Theoretical study reveals that both surfaces terminated by TM and B atoms can serve as the active sites and the H* binding strength of TMBs is correlated with the p band center of B atoms. This work provides a new pathway for the potential application of TMBs in large‐scale hydrogen production.
Spin‐Electrochemistry of Transition Metal Oxides for Energy Storage: Concepts, Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Yao Shuyun , Zhang Feike , Wang Shiyu , Liu Yuanming , Fu Weijie , Ji Yingjie , Ji Kang , Yang Jinghua , Liu Ruilong , Li Xiaoke , Yang Zhiyu , Yan Yi‐Ming
Published: November 2024

Developing high‐capacity and cyclically stable transition metal (TM)‐based electrode materials for energy storage devices, such as aqueous ion energy storage systems, is crucial for addressing the growing issue of energy scarcity. The spin state, or spin configuration of the d‐electrons, plays a vital role in the electrochemical energy storage performance of these materials. However, there has been a lack of systematic descriptions regarding the role of spin configurations in electrochemical energy storage to date. This review aims to elucidate the advantages of controlling the spin states of metal centers to enhance energy storage performance and highlights recent progress in employing spin state regulation in electrochemical energy storage. Additionally, it covers the various characterization techniques used to determine spin states. Finally, we discuss the future prospects and challenges within this emerging field, with the aim of accelerating the development of spin‐based electrochemical energy storage technologies. This review also seeks to provide clear and reliable directions for the design and preparation of novel energy storage materials.
Fluorescent Coating through Melanisation of Merocyanine Based on Catechol Chemistry
Authors: Alonso Belén , Samuelsen Lucea Claus , Domini Claudia , Radivoy Gabriel , Mancebo‐Aracil Juan , Nador Fabiana
Published: November 2024

In this study, we present a novel approach for synthesising a merocyanine (MC) compound that integrates gallol and a near‐infrared (NIR) fluorophore using a straightforward method. We conduct a comprehensive structural analysis to elucidate the specific roles of each functional group during monomer synthesis and their effects on the properties of both the spiropyran (SP) and MC forms, particularly their fluorescence. As a proof of concept, we explore the use of these compounds in formulating innovative fluorescent polymeric coatings by melanising catechol and gallol moieties on various substrates, including glass, a cupronickel coin, and an organic polymer. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a bioinspired approach utilizing the melanisation of a catechol and gallol moiety containing merocyanine.
Volatolomics in Fritillarias and Their Identification by Orientation Controlled cMOF Thin Film Chemiresistors
Authors: Cao Lin‐An , Li Yi‐Qian , Huo Yun‐Fei , Sun Lu , Li Xiao‐Qin , Chen Lu , Yang Xue‐Tong , Yuan Fang‐Li , Yao Ming‐Shui
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive Summary

As one of the famous traditional Chinese herbal medicines, Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus (FCB) is widely used in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases and has the best curative effect among the known fritillarias medicines. Due to the variety, complex sources, similar appearance and shape, it is difficult to distinguish FCB with high curative effect (h‐FCB) from other common fritillarias (c‐FCB) in the market. In this paper, a very simple chemiresistor is used to identify FCB from three commonly used fritillarias drugs. The sensors are fabricated by anisotropic electrically conductive metal‐organic framework (cMOF) thin film Cu3(HHTP)2 (Cu‐HHTP[001] and Cu‐HHTP[100]) as active materials owing to their ability to detect specific groups of volatile organic compounds (volatolomics) as the functional motifs of chemiresistor. As a result, the sensors show orientation‐dependence identification ability to FCB. Cu‐HHTP[001]‐ based sensor shows the highest response (344.17%) to 0.5 g h‐FCB powder volatiles among its three other c‐FCB which is much higher than Cu‐HHTP[100] (135.50%). Ultimately, Cu‐HHTP[001] can realize the identification of FCB with an accuracy of 97.2% in a simple and real‐time manner.
1,2‐Dichloroethane‐Assisted Defluorinative Ring‐Opening Reaction of DABCO and Polyfluoroalkyl Peroxides: Synthesis of Fluorinated N‐Ethyl Piperazines
Authors: Ren Yuan‐Yuan , Ji Wen‐Jun , Zhang Chi , Ge Danhua , Ma Mengtao , Shen Zhi‐Liang , Chu Xue‐Qiang
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive Summary

A catalyst‐free and additive‐free ring‐opening reaction of polyfluoroalkyl peroxides, triethylenediamine (DABCO), and 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE) has been developed for the defluorinative synthesis of structurally diverse piperazines featuring a fluoroenone framework and a N‐chloroethyl‐substituent with high Z‐stereoselectivity. The success of this three‐component reaction is attributed to the in situ generation of an active 1‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐1‐ium (DABCO·DCE) salt, which judiciously acts as a formal N‐(2‐chloroethyl)piperazine equivalent in the defluorinative coupling with less‐studied aliphatic fluorinated substances. Impressively, this reaction accomplishes multi‐activation of robust C(sp3)‐F, C(sp3)‐Cl, C(sp3)‐O, and C(sp3)‐N bonds in a one‐pot process, offering a practical platform for the late‐stage functionalization of complex molecules. Furthermore, the resulting products can not only serve as versatile building blocks for the synthesis of fluorinated heterocycles, but also undergo C—Cl bond displacement transformations with N‐, O‐, and S‐nucleophiles.
Evaluation of Small Vessel Bifurcation Stenting Using the Double‐Kissing Culotte and Culotte Technique in Acute Coronary Syndrome: 12‐Month Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Barycki Mateusz , Rola Piotr , Włodarczak Adrian , Włodarczak Szymon , Pęcherzewski Maciej , Włodarczak Piotr , Jastrzębski Artur , Furtan Łukasz , Giniewicz Andrzej , Doroszko Adrian , Lesiak Maciej
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Patients with small vessels who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with subsequent multiple implantation of drug‐eluting stents remain at a higher risk of unfavorable outcomes. In complex cases where maintaining flow to all side branches is part of contemporary practice, using two‐stent techniques may be appropriate. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of double‐kissing (DK) culotte technique in comparison to culotte technique in the context of small‐vessel therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods

This substudy of the Lower Silesia culotte Bifurcation Registry retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent ACS‐PCI using DK culotte or culotte technique for bifurcation lesions in small vessels, defined as having at least one branch with a diameter of 2.75 mm or less. The primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiovascular death, target vessel myocardial infarction, or clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 1‐year follow‐up. The secondary endpoint included major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Results

The DK culotte group (n = 49) and the culotte group (n = 52) were compared, with 12‐month follow‐up showing lower TLF in the DK culotte group (8.2% vs. 19.2%, p = 0.082). Similar results were observed for TLR (6.1% vs. 13.5%; p = 0.161), stent restenosis (4.1% vs. 9.6%; p = 0.203), and MACE (18.4% vs. 25%; p = 0.344).

Conclusion

For bifurcation lesions with a small‐diameter artery, the DK culotte technique may reduce TLF and MACE compared to the culotte technique. However, given the limited sample size and the absence of statistical significance, these findings remain preliminary and require further investigation.