bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of teaching a second/third foreign language based on English
Authors: Shamrai Olena , Skrypnyk Nataliia
Published: July 2024

Problem. The article deals with general issues relating to the main features of teaching a second or third foreign language (German and French, based on English) to students specializing in applied linguistics. A short list of similarities and differences between English, German and French in the context of their learning is given. This study presents an overview of the concept of multilingual education and analyses the main methods of teaching a third language. The problems associated with teaching a second foreign language are not sufficiently revealed, as this discipline is not very widespread in non-language educational institutions. It generally holds that the methodology of teaching a second foreign language does not differ from that of teaching a first foreign language, except that the second language is taught to a lesser extent. This approach does not take into account a number of characteristics that affect the effectiveness of learning the subject. Goal. The aim is to present the main features of teaching the second/third foreign language (German and French based on previously learnt English) to students majoring in Applied Linguistics. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to find more effective methods of teaching a second foreign language. Methodology. To achieve this goal, a number of research methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of pedagogical and methodological sources on the issues of third language teaching didactics and the concept of multilingual education. The term «multilingualism» is used in official European terminology to refer to both the linguistic diversity of a society and the ability of a person to speak several languages. The concept of "multilingual education" applies to both the development of an individual language repertoire and to «plurilingual education» i.e., education in a context of linguistic and cultural diversity. English, German and French have many things in common: Latin spelling and lexical similarities. All three languages contain many cognates - words that are similar in spelling and pronunciation and mean the same thing. All of these languages have a subject-verb-object syntactic structure. Consequently, the main problems in learning a second/third language after learning English, in the context of three foreign languages in contact with the mother tongue, are interference not only from the mother tongue but also from the second/third language, as well as positive language transfer, given that they both belong to the same Roman language group. Originality. The modern didactic approaches to multilingualism cause a major change not only in the way we teach, but also in the way we learn, develop curricula, and train future professionals. Practical value. The integration of work on language representation and multilingual learning, as well as explaining the plurilingual didactic approach to students, will make the language learning process more focused on students' real skills, more flexible and more creative.
The model of choosing a microcontroller for the environmental monitoring system module
Authors: Fil Nataliia , Kolomiiets Ivan , Bardakov Valerii
Published: July 2024

Problem. The development and application of modern digital technologies for environmental monitoring is an extremely relevant issue. Such environmental monitoring systems allow for dynamic monitoring of the current state of the studied territories in order to further analyze changes and make decisions on their conservation and development. To improve the environmental situation, it is necessary to constantly improve environmental monitoring systems by creating local environmental monitoring systems operating in real time. Goal. The aim of the study is to develop a model for selecting a microcontroller for an environmental monitoring module based on many functional and cost criteria, which will reduce the time of information collection for a regional environmental monitoring system. Methodology. To achieve this goal, we analyzed the characteristics of microcontrollers. A model for selecting a microcontroller for an environmental monitoring module has been developed based on many functional and cost criteria. An example of using the microcontroller selection model for the environmental monitoring module is given. The method of multicriteria optimization allows the selection of a microcontroller for the module of the environmental monitoring system by calculating the utility function. Results. The paper considers the main tasks of the environmental monitoring system. A mathematical model for selecting a microcontroller for the module of an environmental monitoring system has been developed. It belongs to the class of multicriteria discrete programming models and, unlike the known ones, takes into account the system requirements for the module of the environmental monitoring system as a whole. Originality. The developed model allows us to make a microcontroller according to many functional and cost criteria under conditions of fuzzy input information. Practical value. The use of the proposed model for selecting a microcontroller for the module of the environmental monitoring system will reduce the time of collecting information for the regional environmental monitoring system.
Urgensi dan Praktik Tata Kelola Serta Akuntabilitas di Pesantren: Persepsi Principal dan Akuntan
Authors: Mita Tarmiati  , Febriani Dewi
Published: July 2024

Tata kelola dan akuntabilitas memiliki peran yang penting dalam menunjang keberlangsungan di Pesantren. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi tata kelola dan akuntabilitas di Pesantren baik dari sisi urgensi ataupun praktiknya yang diperoleh dari persepsi principal dan akuntan Pesantren. Selain itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan urgensi dan praktik tata kelola dan akuntabilitas di Pesantren yang keuangannya mandiri dengan Pesantren yang keuangannya berasal dari donasi, serta Pesantren yang berada di bawah naungan organisasi dengan Pesantren yang berdiri secara independen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan analisis deskriptif dan komparatif. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tata kelola dan akuntabilitas dianggap sangat penting keberadaannya di Pesantren menurut persepsi principal, dan dari sisi akuntan akuntan mengenai praktiknya tata kelola dan akuntabilitas ini sudah mulai diimplementasikan dengan efektif meskipun masih belum konsisten diimplementasikan oleh Pesantren, seperti masih minimnya laporan keuangan yang disajikan oleh Pesantren dan belum lengkap sesuai dengan aturan yang ada. Selain itu, hasil uji beda menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan mengenai tata kelola dan akuntabilitas diantara kelompok Pesantren yang diuji baik dalam hal urgensi maupun praktiknya.
Pola Komunikasi Lingkungan Masyarakat Sunda Wiwitan (Baduy) Berdasarkan Warisan Nilai Leluhur
Authors: Ateng Mulyadi  , Apip Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana komunikasi lingkungan komunitas Baduy didasarkan pada nilai -nilai leluhur yang diturunkan dari generasi ke generasi melalui komunikasi. Sehingga realisasi harmoni antara masyarakat dan lingkungan. Secara umum, Kepulauan Indonesia, termasuk Sundan dalam hal etnis atau etnis, percaya bahwa puncak gunung adalah daerah murni, suci atau sakral. Perbedaannya sangat mencolok, orang -orang Sundan tidak mengekspresikannya menjadi benda atau bahan, tetapi dibiarkan ke puncak gunung atau disebut "barel bumi" (Wiwitan atau asal dari semua kehidupan material) untuk tetap alami, seperti halnya adalah. Salah satu nilai yang diwarisi dari nilai -nilai leluhur komunitas Baduy terkait dengan bagaimana selalu selaras dengan lingkungan alam. Lebih dalam, bagaimana nilai -nilai leluhur yang diwariskan terkait dengan zona penunjukan gunung sehingga melahirkan komunikasi yang dimanifestasikan dalam harmoni kehidupan dengan lingkungan. Inilah yang mendasari dan menjadi fondasi dalam praktik kehidupan sehari -hari masyarakat dan menjadi sistem kepercayaan atau "sistem bilief" yang disorot melalui praktik melindungi atau merawat alam (Sasaka pustaka Buana).
Kata kunci: Komunikasi Lingkungan, Nilai leluhur, Baduy
SENI KONTEMPORER SEBAGAI MEDIA KOMUNIKASI
Authors: Madihah
Published: July 2024

Dalam tulisan ini terkait dua karya seni kontemporer Indonesia, pertama menyoroti karya seni fermormans karya Wilman Syahnur dengan judul: Obama membuat perdamaian yang semu (dibuat-buat), mengambarkan boneka Obama yang sedang berkeliling mengunakan beca sambil mengkampayekan perdamaian dunia. kedua menyoroti pada sebuah pertunjukan karya seniman Indonesia Arahmaini dengan judul: 11 Juni 2022, menggambarkan kamar hotel tempat Arahmaini ditahan dengan dugaan ancaman teroris saat melakukan perjalanan melalui Los Angeles ke Kanada. Kedua seniman tersebut mengkomunikasikan melalui karya seninya atas ketidak puasannya terhadap situasi pasca 9/11. Hasil pengamatan menemukan bahwa karya seni dapat menjadi media untuk menyampaikan pendapat, kritik dan juga melakukan negosiasi. Maka dari itu seni menjadi hidup dan memiliki nilai yang sama dalam penyampaian pesan, yang mana semiman sebagai komunikatornya karya sebagai medianya dan publik sebagai komunikannya.
Kata Kunci: Komunikasi seni kontemporer, Wilman Syahnur, boneka Obama.
TELAAH PENDEKATAN-PENDEKATAN DARI STUDI AGAMA-AGAMA
Authors: Halim Syaiful , Truna Dody S. , Rifki Rosyad
Published: July 2024

Keberadaan teori-teori agama yang didasarkan pada berbagai disiplin ilmu membuat Studi Agama-agama sangat berdekatan dengan disiplin ilmu lain. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini, menjabarkan keberadaan aneka pendekatan seperti dipaparkan buku ‘Aneka Pendekatan Studi Agama’ yang disunting oleh Peter Connolly (2012) dan ‘Wajah Studi Agama-agama: Dari Era Teosofi Indonesia (1901-1940) hingga Massa Reformasi’ karya Media Zainul Bahri (2015), serta sejumlah artikel jurnal sebagai referensi, dengan luaran akhir berupa pemetaan pendekatan-pendekatan dari Studi Agama-agama. Penulis menggunakan metode komparasi dalam penelitian ini. Kesimpulannya, Studi Agama-agama harus merangkul disiplin ilmu lain sebagai pendekatan penelitian, guna menjawab rumusan masalah penelitian. Pendekatan-pendekatan dari Studi Agama-agama berkontribusi besar dalam penyediaan teori terkait fokus atau variabel penelitian, objek penelitian, dan metode penelitian, guna mendampingi teori agama yang menjadi pijakan teori dari fokus atau variabel penelitian.
Entrepreneurial Marketing and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Akwa Ibom State
Authors: Etuk Samuel G , Udoh Nse-Obong Augustine , Usani Nfawa Erasmus
Published: July 2024

Entrepreneurial marketing has become increasingly popular in the fields of entrepreneurship and marketing, as well as among organizations aiming to obtain a competitive edge. In practice, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, generally see entrepreneurial marketing as an appealing and efficient marketing strategy motivated by the desire to make the most of their unique strengths. These SMEs are involved in the sale of products and services. This study aimed to investigate the influence of entrepreneurial marketing on the performance of small and medium-scale enterprises in Akwa Ibom State. The sample size for the study was 400, determined using the Taro Yamane formula. The proxies for entrepreneurial marketing were considered jointly as customer orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and innovation orientation. The researchers adopted a survey research design. A structured questionnaire was designed to obtain data from 400 SME owners. We also adopted a simple random technique for this study. We tested the combined hypothesis using multiple regression analyses. The study revealed a significant influence of customer orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and innovation orientation on the performance of small and medium-scale enterprises in Akwa Ibom State. In conclusion, this study empirically provides evidence of the influence of entrepreneurial marketing on SME performance. SMEs can improve their performance by embracing the entrepreneurial marketing philosophy. Based on these conclusions and findings, the researchers recommended that SMEs in Akwa Ibom State improve their customer orientation to understand their customers better.
Unveiling the Nexus of Distribution Personalization and Content Decentralization: Exploring Brand Recall among Gen Z in Region III, Philippines
Authors: Campos Josephine Diana S , Campos Jofrey R
Published: July 2024

The study emphasized the pivotal role of distribution personalization, mediated by content decentralization, in influencing brand recall among Gen Z consumers, highlighting the importance of advanced data analytics, optimized distribution channels, user-generated content incorporation, and user-centric storytelling for effective brand engagement in the modern market. This research studied the effects of distribution personalization and content decentralization on brand recall among Gen-Z, focusing on causal relationship and the issue of attention competition. It used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling to analyze 385 responses from Region III, Philippines Gen Z participants. The results indicate that personalized distribution has direct influence on brand recall through an ability to remember brand features amid consumer attention competition. Content decentralization partially mediates this effect, suggesting challenges in maintaining consistent brand identity across diverse platforms. The research underscores the importance of distribution personalization in brand recall, highlighting how content decentralization and variety of content across platforms can dilute brand consistency and hinder Gen Z's brand recall. These suggest centralizing content from a single source to ensure uniformity in branding while also using advanced analytics for targeted personalization. The study recommends optimizing distribution channels and incorporating user-centric storytelling to enhance brand association. Researchers need to continuously analyze consumer trends and feedback to refine distribution personalization strategies and stay responsive to changing market conditions. Content decentralization makes it difficult to reach and engage with the entire audience effectively, as they may be spread out across numerous channels, thus future researchers may look into this aspect.
Generalized Projective product of semi-rings
Authors: Shahoodh Mohd
Published: July 2024

The concept of Differential algebra has been played an influential role in various directions of abstract algebra. This notation has been considered before fifty years ago with semi-ring and several types of rings. Furthermore, the commutativity of a given ring or semi-ring has been also investigated under the notation of derivation and many studies have been published in this way. Based on the concept of derivation, its generalization has been introduced by Bresar [9] and a lot of works are presented about this generalization in various types of rings and semi-rings. Motivated by these works in the literature, we introduced the concept of generalized projective product of n-number of semi-rings. In addition, we studied the convers of this case which is saying that if the generalized projective product of n-number of semi-rings existed, then there exist a corresponding derivations, generalized derivations, semi-derivations, generalized semi-derivations, Jordan derivations, generalized Jordan derivations, Jordan semi-derivations and Generalized Jordan semi-derivations on the semi-rings  Ri respectively for any  i=1,2,..,k.
Combining Laplace transform and Variational iteration method for solving singular IVPs and BVPs of Lane–Emden type equation
Authors: Jassim Mohamed H. , Al-Hayani Waleed Mohammed
Published: July 2024

This study uses the combined Laplace transform and variational iteration method to analytically solve initial value problems (IVPs) and boundary value problems (BVPs) of Lane- Emden- equation with singular behaviour at . Initially, this method requires calculating the lagrange multiplayer, and after its value was calculated, it was found to be equal , this method is applying on several problems and the results were improved using Padé approximations, the results were compared with the exact solution by calculating the absolute error value between them.
Cloud-Based Transaction Fraud Detection: An In-depth Analysis of ML Algorithms
Authors: Alhchaimi Ali
Published: July 2024

Context: Cloud-based services are increasingly central in financial technology, enabling scalable and efficient transactions. However, they also heighten vulnerability to fraud, challenging the security of online financial activities. Traditional fraud detection struggles against sophisticated tactics, highlighting the need for advanced, cloud-compatible solutions. Objectives: This study assesses machine learning (ML) algorithms' ability to detect fraud in cloud environments, focusing on Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Trees (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and XGBoost (XGB). It uses a comprehensive dataset to determine which ML model best identifies fraudulent transactions, aiming to optimize these models for accuracy, precision, and efficiency in real-time detection. Results: The XGBoost model outperformed others in fraud detection accuracy, with Random Forest and Decision Trees also showing high effectiveness. These models were particularly good at balancing precision and recall, minimizing false positives, and accurately identifying fraud in complex transaction patterns. Conclusion: ML, especially ensemble and boosting models like XGBoost and Random Forest, offers a strong approach to detecting transaction fraud in cloud-based financial systems. Their capacity to handle vast data volumes and adapt to new fraud patterns enhances cloud transaction security. Implication: The study provides a guide for financial and cloud services to implement sophisticated fraud detection systems. It emphasizes the importance of continual ML innovation to tackle digital finance fraud, suggesting that adopting these advanced ML models can significantly reduce transaction fraud risks, ensuring a secure, efficient, and trustworthy platform for users.
The Hierarchical Influence of AI on Human Perception: From Intelligence to Intentionality
Authors: Ouzounis Christos A
Published: July 2024

The increasing sophistication of artificial intelligence (AI) systems has led to complex interactions between machines and humans, where the perceived behaviors of AI evoke a wide range of responses. This paper presents a novel hierarchical framework that elucidates the progression from intelligence to autonomy to unpredictability to intentionality in AI, arguing that intentionality is the critical factor that influences human comfort and acceptance. By examining these levels, we can better understand user reactions and develop design principles to mitigate discomfort, particularly related to the uncanny valley effect. Through this exploration, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how AI design can balance functionality with user trust and ethical considerations.
Novel in situ base editing of gut bacteria - inconsistencies, gaps, and anticipated dangers on treated humans, animals, and the entire ecosystem
Authors: Mueller Siguna
Published: July 2024

Recent years have seen an enormous rise in the “editing” of genomes in living organisms. In the openenvironment, this has raised the concern of unwanted mutations and adverse effects on non-targeted species. Aiming for a previously unattained goal, a very recent publication in Nature reports on the in situ base editing of targeted bacterial populations in the mouse gut. The genetic modifications of such bacteria rely on a novel delivery system via a synthetic virus. Such bacteriophages have been engineered to target different bacterial receptors to improve the delivery efficacy of a complex hybrid plasmid that carries the gene editor. This DNA cosmid is predicted to be non-replicative to “prevent” maintenance and dissemination of the synthetic payload. The authors report successful gene-editing in model pathogens, including some pathogenic strains.This paper gives an independent logical appraisal of the design of the synthetic editor, the experiments conducted, and their interpretation. This exposes several inconsistencies with the study and oddities which may, in part, stem from the fact that the authors are seemingly unaware of key dangers of gene editors and their risk assessment, and of related work that demonstrates the danger of microbial evolution in the open environment that may, in turn, foster the emergence of novel pathogens, and the difficulty of conducting microbial population analyses.The analysis also raises issues not mentioned in the paper, indicating the potential for serious consequences of exposed non-target organisms in the open environment or, when applied clinically, to adulterate the genetic makeup of the treated human or animal. In addition to the concern of potentially systemic dissemination and maintenance of the transgenes or products derived from them, urgent questions involve the type of these experiments - which resemble dangerous gain-of-function experiments on viruses and bacteria even though they seem to evade being defined as such. Beyond the potential of grave consequences on treated humans and animals, as well as the entire biosphere, the legal gap and lack of appropriate biosafety and biosecurity oversight may also enable illicit gene technologies and clandestine biological weapons programs.
Synchronization of Cardiac and Musical Signals Improves Interoceptive, Cardiac, and Emotional Functioning
Authors: Silva Ricardo , Costa Nélson , Sampaio Adriana , Coutinho Joana Fernandes Pereira
Published: July 2024

The ability to seamlessly integrate sensory information from the environment (exteroception) and physiological states (interoception) is a key aspect of our awareness and well-being. Alterations in these processes often result in uncertainty about bodily states and dysregulation of physiological and emotional processes, as observed in clinical conditions. In this study, we employed an interactive music system as a novel method to improve interoceptive, cardiac, and emotional functioning, combining cardiac biofeedback, mindfulness, and music listening approaches. A sample of 24 healthy participants was divided into three groups, each performing a single-session attention task: heartbeat mindful attention (interoceptive), non-interactive music listening (exteroceptive), and interactive music listening (intero-exteroceptive). Significant differences in interoceptive accuracy after the session were found only in the interactive music listening task. Additionally, all groups exhibited decreased heart rate (HR), enhanced heart rate variability (HRV), and reduced negative affect after the session. Moderation analysis also revealed the role of self-reported interoception, cardiac dynamics, and anxiety and depression symptomatology on the observed effects. Together, our results demonstrated the effectiveness of interactive music systems in improving interoception, cardiac function, and emotional states. This novel approach has the potential to facilitate intero-exteroceptive synchronization, enhancing one’s awareness of cardiac dynamics, while inviting mindful attention and calm emotional and physiological states.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Marital Adjustment: The Role of Personality Development and Resilience Factors
Authors: Parajuli Pradip
Published: July 2024

Marital adjustment is a crucial aspect of family life, profoundly influenced by individuals' mental health and past experiences. This study examines the relationship between childhood maltreatment, personality development, and adult marital adjustment. A sample of 385 individuals aged 25 to 40 participated, with data collected through convenience sampling. Utilizing tools such as the Big Five-Personality Inventory (BFI-10), JVQ-R2, Screener Sum Version, Adult Retrospective Form, and Marital Adjustment Test (MAT), the study sought to replicate previous findings regarding the impact of adverse childhood experiences on adult mental health. Results indicate a significant association between childhood maltreatment and adult mental health, with implications for marital adjustment. Specifically, individuals reporting childhood maltreatment exhibited greater difficulties in marital adjustment. Furthermore, personality traits were found to be shaped by childhood experiences, with notable correlations observed. Neuroticism demonstrated a negative correlation with marital adjustment, whereas extraversion, openness, and loyalty exhibited positive associations. These findings underscore the complex interplay between early-life experiences, personality development, and adult relationship functioning. Understanding these dynamics can inform interventions aimed at promoting healthy marital adjustment and mitigating the adverse effects of childhood maltreatment on adult mental health.
Multiple Dimensions of Non-western Rhetoric: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Baral Raj Kumar
Published: July 2024

This systematic review explores publication trends and thematic coverage of non-western rhetoric in the last fifty years. Amidst growing interest, non-western rhetoric being underexplored prompts this article to identify research gaps and offer insights for future studies. Articles reviewed in this paper reveal that issues like resistance against western rhetorical dominance and countering orientalist perspectives, alongside translation’s role and unique features inherent in the non-west have occupied some space. Unexamined or underexamined areas vis-à-vis non-western rhetoric include environment, indigeneity, power dynamics, cultural context, identity intersections, and socioeconomics. Similarly, other underexplored aspects include modern media, digital communication, oral tradition’s adaptation, social justice rhetoric, and religion’s impact on the rhetoric of Bharatavarsha.
Examining the Influence of AI-Driven Cybersecurity in Financial Sector Management
Authors: Thapaliya Suman
Published: July 2024

As financial institutions increasingly rely on AI for cybersecurity, they face complex regulatory landscapes requiring robust security measures to ensure transparency, accountability, and fairness. This research aims to develop a comprehensive AI-based cybersecurity model for the financial sector, enhancing the capacity to recognize, stop, and react to cyberattacks while ensuring data integrity and customer trust. The proposed CS-FSM model utilizes AI techniques, including KNN for predicting and identifying unauthorized access and EES for encrypting and decrypting financial data. The model's performance was evaluated using attack avoidance, risk reduction, scalability, and data privacy parameters. Experimental data were collected and analyzed on a system with a 2.84 GHz Intel Core i7 processor, utilizing Python 3.8.10 and Matlab 2018a for data processing and visualization. The CS-FSM model demonstrated significant improvements in key cybersecurity metrics compared to traditional methods. There was a rise of 18.3% in data privacy, 17.2% in scalability, 13.2% in risk reduction, 16.2% in data protection, and 11.2% in attack avoidance. These results indicate that the proposed model effectively enhances cybersecurity measures in the financial sector. The study confirms that integrating AI algorithms such as KNN and EES into financial sector cybersecurity frameworks can provide robust protection against cyber threats. In addition, the CS-FSM model ensures the secure handling of sensitive financial data, thereby maintaining customer trust and compliance with regulatory standards.
Behavioral Insights Into Investment Decision-Making: Evidence From the Nepal Stock Exchange
Authors: Pathak Durga Datt , Puri Sirish , Thapa Bharat Singh
Published: July 2024

This paper provides a reliable foundation for investigating how people's behaviors influence investment decisions. The study surveyed 286 individual investors who participated in the Nepal Stock Exchange, employing a purposive sampling procedure and self-administered structured Likert scale questionnaire. The results indicate that behavioral factors, including stock affordability, information availability, third-party opinions, and herding effect, significantly influence individual investors’ rationality in making investment decisions. The study concludes that in a developing and expanding environment, factors such as disposable income, market trends, and external opinions notably shape investment decisions when individuals choose to invest in the stock market. The alignment of our findings with existing literature reinforces the robustness of our results. The implications of these findings extend to investors, financial advisors, and policymakers alike. Recognizing the influence of behavioral factors can aid in developing strategies to promote informed decision-making and mitigate the adverse effects of herding behavior.
Workplace Discrimination and Job Satisfaction in Nepalese Organizations
Authors: Thapa Makshindra , Niraula Damodar
Published: July 2024

Workplace discrimination is the state of unfair treatment to employees based on the factors irrelevant to their job performance. It affects individuals’ job efficiency, their lives and the organization in whole. This study has been carried out to examine the relationship of workplace discrimination with job satisfaction of employees in Nepalese organizations. Primary data were collected by administering a set of questionnaires that comprise 5-point Likert Scale statements on job satisfaction and the different forms of discrimination. Respondents were selected using convenient and snowball sampling method. Response from 196 workers collected through google form was analyzed on SPSS. The descriptive results show that prejudice against individuals on the basis of gender, religion, and nepotism is moderate. The other forms of discrimination, based on age, race, and favoritism, have been determined to be normal. Pearson's association between workplace discrimination based on gender, religion, nepotism, and job satisfaction revealed a statistically significant negative correlation. There was no significant correlation found between work satisfaction and age, race, or favoritism. The findings offer insightful information and inspiration for future studies and initiatives focused on understanding and addressing discrimination at the workplace.
Navigating the Startup Innovation Ecosystem: Strategies for Effective External Resource Management
Authors: Gautam Prakash Kumar , Gautam Sushmita
Published: July 2024

This research examines how innovation ecosystems facilitate startup innovation across the creation, development, and market phases. We analyze the roles of diverse ecosystem actors, emphasizing their contributions to resource dynamics using the case method approach. Semi-structured interview-based data was analyzed using content analysis. The study revealed the significance of the strategy of using external resources for the success of startups. During the creation phase, non-market-oriented entities like universities and incubators support startups with crucial early-stage R&D funding and business model formulation. In the development phase, startups refine their products with backing from accelerators, investors, and customers, utilizing innovation resources for prototyping and validation, and transitioning into the market phase, startups scale operations with market-oriented actors, focusing on organizational readiness and leveraging established business models for growth. Throughout these phases, startups balance exploration and exploitation strategies, enabling innovation ambidexterity. Our findings highlight how innovation ecosystem actors provide essential resources—physical, social, financial, and human—that foster startup resilience and maturity. Grounded in the Resource-Based View framework, this study offers empirical insights into strategic adaptations within innovation ecosystems, illustrating their transformative impact on startup success.<
Welcome to the New Issue of GIPAN: Interdisciplinary Approach to Research and Innovation
Authors: Gautam Bhim Lal , Fritz Emilia , Khatiwada Karnakhar , Poudel Prem Prasad
Published: July 2024

This editorial review of Gipan Volume 6 (1) introduces the smooth shift from previous disciplinary focus on Gipan to more multidisciplinary one, in which papers belonging to issues in linguistics and applied linguistics (including language teaching) have been incorporated. The primary purpose of bringing in the interdisciplinary focus is to bring the cross-cutting issues across disciplines into broader discourse. This review starts with a brief background information relating to the journal, highlights the themes as they emerge in the issue, summarizes the papers included and concludes with a call for action in support of the new multidisciplinary initiative. Acknowledging the contribution from the individuals and institutions involved in bringing the journal in this form, the review ends with a call on the established scholars and practitioner researchers to cross over disciplinary boundaries and create an international platform for intellectual exchange which will ultimately lead towards a positive social transformation.
Analysis of China’s English Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education from the Perspectives of Self-regulated Learning
Authors: Zou Fengmei , Zhiyu Cui , Qiucheng Lin , Rou Li , Sitong Sun , Jiaying Zheng , Renli Zheng , Siqiong Zhong , Xiaohua Zhu
Published: July 2024

This paper analyzes the English Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education (2022 Edition) developed and implemented by the Ministry of Education in China. We used Self-regulated Learning as a perspective in analyzing the curriculum standard and identified several elements of Self-regulated Learning emphasized in the document. This paper further elaborates how an inclusion of self-regulation is aimed at enhancing the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language in China. It presents the stages and sub-processes of self-regulated learning, in analyzing the curriculum standard. In this qualitative text analysis, the findings have been reported on thematic basis using the self-regulated learning framework and the elements that facilitate self-regulation. The findings show that English education under the guidance of the Standards attaches high importance towards stimulating learners' autonomy and cultivating their self-regulated learning ability. This finding has an important implication for the future teaching and learning of English as a foreign language in China as such a policy focus on the self regulation can lead towards an improved engagement of the English learners in schools.
Cognitive Control Performance as Measured by Clustering and Switching in Nepali – English Bilingual Verbal Fluency Task
Authors: Pathak Lekhnath Sharma , Pathak Nishan , Pathak Aarya
Published: July 2024

Verbal fluency task is a simple yet powerful neuropsychological tool for measuring linguistic and cognitive processing. In this research article we report the clustering and switching, as identified by Troyer and colleagues (1997), as cognitive control measured through semantic and phonetic verbal fluency task. We tested 25 Nepali (L1) - English (L2) bilingual adults with mean age of 22 years on f, a, s for English phonemic fluency, s, k, d  for Nepali phonetic fluency and animals, cloths, vegetables, fruits and flowers for semantic fluency in both Nepali and English. The participants performed better in L2 phonetic fluency compared to L1 phonetic fluency, whereas, there was mixed results in semantic output in both the languages. They exhibited more clusters in phonetic fluency compared to semantic fluency in both L1 and L2 which indicates participants needed to disengage from the previous strategy or subcategory and move on to the next strategy or subcategory, thus, reflecting more cognitive demand imposed by the phonetic fluency compared to semantic fluency. This is the first such study with Nepali – English bilinguals. This study may further be extended to include more diversified population in terms of age, language family, typicality and ethnicity as independent variables.
Lhowa Phonology: A Typological Perspective
Authors: Regmi Dan Raj , Regmi Ambika
Published: July 2024

Lhowa exhibits a large inventory of forty-one consonant phonemes. In terms of points of articulation, it contains seven types of consonants, viz., labial, dental, alveolar, retroflex, palatal, velar and glottal. In terms of manner of articulation, it presents seven types of consonants, viz., stops, nasals, affricates, fricatives, trills, laterals and approximants. In terms of voicing, there are two types of consonant phonemes, viz., voiceless and voiced. Lhowa has voiceless unaspirated, voiceless aspirated, voiced murmured and voiceless murmured sounds. It exhibits a distinct consonant distribution. Lhowa has eight basic and two fronted vowels. There are four diphthongs. Lhowa displays a moderately complex syllable structure. It presents a canonical structure of the syllable in which V is obligatory and other constituents, (Ci, initial consonant), (X, voiced palatal approximant), and (Cf, final consonant) are optional. Lhowa permits only five types of syllable patterns. Each syllable is intrinsically high or low. It exhibits simple tone system. The high vs. low tone is distinguished only on the first syllable of a word. In Lhowa, like in Lhasa Tibetan, compound words demonstrate four types of tone melodies, viz., HH, LH, LL and HL.
Consumption Quintile Groups in the Analysis of Poverty and Development Issues
Authors: Acharya Krishna Prasad , Khanal Shankar Prasad , Chhetry Devendra
Published: July 2024

Background: This paper provides computer program which facilitates to create consumption quintile groups (CQGs), and demonstrates some benefits of the created CQGs in the analysis of poverty and development issues.
Methods: The proposed computer program is tested by creating CQGs using the data of 28,670 individuals enumerated in a sample of 5,988 households of Nepal Living Standard Survey (NLSS) III instigated by the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2010/11, and identifies some disadvantages of the lowest 20% of population compared to the highest 20% of population.
Results: Some identified disadvantages of the lowest population are - excessive number of children, low literacy rate among the working-age population and low expenditure on non-food items, including education and health of children.
Conclusion: This paper illustrates how to compute income inequality, an important issue of sustainable development, by Gini coefficient when the income distribution is across the CQGs and the computed value was 0.46.
Novelty: This paper tries to draw attention of scholars on the use of CQGs in the analysis of poverty and development issues.
Exploring Achievement of Motivation in the Nepalese Banks Post-Merger View
Authors: Khadka Ajaya Kumar , Khadka Srijana
Published: July 2024

Background: Employee motivation and achievement factors play an essential role in corporate decisions. This study examines the motivational factors that drive employees' motivation after a merger or acquisition. Its main objective is to explore the determinants of employees' motivation.
Methods: The study employs a descriptive and causal-comparative research design. The study used a non-probability convenience sampling design of 235 employees from commercial institutions in Nepal.
Results: Study findings reveal that employee achievement motivation is significantly positively correlated with personal factors, job characteristics, relationships with managers, and remuneration, as evidenced by correlation analysis.
Conclusion: The impact of these factors on achievement motivation is determined by regression analysis, with job characteristics showing a primary significant influence.
Novelty: The study suggests that human resource managers and decision-makers should consider the importance of incorporating a variety of factors to foster motivation in commercial institutions after the merger and to develop strategies for better employee engagement and performance.
Advancing English Language Teaching through Survey Research: Methodologies, Impacts and Applications
Authors: Pandey Gopal Prasad
Published: July 2024

Background: A survey is a tool used to gather data that describes one or more attributes of a particular group. This tool, as a research design concentrates on examining the attitudes, opinions, and characteristics of a particular group. Survey research design in English Language Teaching (ELT) involves using questionnaires or interviews to collect data from a sample of participants to generalize findings about larger populations.
Methods: This article comprehensively explores the use and methodologies of survey research within various academic fields, particularly emphasizing its impact on English Language Teaching (ELT). The paper explores the methodical process of gathering and analyzing data, emphasizing how surveys are used to record a wide range of viewpoints on teaching methods, learner opinions, and educational results.
Results: This design is commonly used in ELT and applied linguistics research to gather information on language learning strategies, teacher attitudes, student satisfaction, or the effectiveness of teaching methods. This data assists educators and administrators in making well-informed choices about the development of curriculum, training of teachers, and allocation of resources.
Conclusion: The paper describes the primary methods, techniques, and tools used in survey research design. Moreover, the paper provides an outline for survey research that English teachers can utilize in the classroom.
Novelty: Survey research in ELT captures diverse data on teaching methods, learner achievements, and educational contexts. It facilitates large-scale data collection, enabling generalization of findings, and investigates correlations between teaching practices and student outcomes.
Deposition Environment Interpretation of Lemat Formation in the West Tanjung Jabung, Jambi Province
Authors: Daryono Sapto Kis , Afrilita Afrilita , Idarwati Idarwati
Published: July 2024

The study of facies analysis and interpretation of the depositional environment of the Lemat Formation located on Bukit Tigapuluh aimed to clarify the problems found in Paleogene sediments in the South Sumatra Basin. The results of research on facies analysis and interpretation of the depositional environment of the Lemat Formation will provide an explanation and description of the history of the formation and stratigraphic evolution of Paleogene-aged sedimentary rocks in the South Sumatra Basin as reflected in their lithological and facies characteristics. A detailed analysis of fluvial facies was carried out in the West Tanjung Jabung area, Jambi Province. A stratigraphic cross-section was prepared with an accumulated thickness of ± 25 m. The stratigraphic section included two rock deposits, namely sandstone-quartz deposits and conglomerate deposits. Analysis of lithofacies and architectural elements of the study area indicated a fluvial depositional environment. The resulting architectural elements consisted of six associations: channel (CH), scour hollows (HO), gravel bedform (GB), sediment gravity flows (SG), sandy bedform (SB), and floodplain fines (FF). The dominance of sedimentary material, which tends to be coarse, and the many facies associations GB, SG, and SB indicated many river bars and were characteristic of braided rivers. The obtained interpretation of the depositional environment was Conglomerate deposits in the Alluvial Fans System with Gravity Flow River environment or gravel bed braided river, and sandstone-gravel deposits in the shallow environment or gravel bed braided river.
Comprehensive Facies Analysis and Depositional Environments of the Kikim Formation, Garba Mountain, South Palembang Subbasin, Indonesia
Authors: Daryono Sapto Kis , Idarwati Idarwati
Published: July 2024

This study provides an exhaustive facies analysis of the Kikim Formation within the Garba Mountain area of the South Palembang Subbasin, emphasizing the stratigraphic significance and depositional environments during the Paleogene period. Utilizing field data collected from the Bumi Agung and Batu Belang measurement lines, this research categorizes various lithofacies using Miall’s (1978) classification scheme, identifying eight distinct lithofacies and four facies associations indicative of a predominantly fluvial depositional setting. The results depict a detailed sedimentological framework, showing that the Kikim Formation was characterized by a braided river system with significant gravel and sandstone deposits. This analysis not only sheds light on the geological history and processes shaping the South Sumatra Basin but also enhances the understanding of its potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. By detailing the lithological diversity and facies distribution, this paper contributes to the broader geological knowledge required for effective exploration and management of the region's natural resources.
Analysis of Waste Management and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction (Case Study: Adiwiyata School SMPN 18 Surabaya and Non-Adiwiyata School SMPN 31 Surabaya)
Authors: Bhakti Wahyu Satria , Ni'am Achmad Chusnun , Nurbia Nurbia , Prasetyaningtyas Dyan
Published: July 2024

In Surabaya, a city program named "Perilaku dan Berbudaya Lingkungan Hidup di Sekolah" (PBLHS), or Environmental Behavior and Culture in Schools, specifically targets Adiwiyata schools to promote sustainable practices. However, not all schools participate in this initiative. Non-Adiwiyata schools typically send their waste to the Final Waste Processing Site (TPA), which exacerbates the load on these facilities and contributes to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to compare waste management and GHG reduction efforts between Adiwiyata and non-Adiwiyata schools in Surabaya. We conducted sampling at one Adiwiyata school and one non-Adiwiyata school, analyzing waste generation and management strategies using the SNI 19-3964-1994 method. Our findings reveal that Adiwiyata schools generate less waste, with an average of 0.0103 kg/person/day, compared to 0.0155 kg/person/day at non-Adiwiyata schools. Furthermore, the organic waste composition was significantly lower in Adiwiyata schools at 2.08%, versus 33% in non-Adiwiyata schools. Methane (CH4) emissions from Adiwiyata schools were also lower, measuring 0.123 Gg/year, as opposed to 0.405 Gg/year from non-Adiwiyata schools. These disparities in waste output, organic waste composition, and GHG emissions are significantly influenced by the environmental knowledge, attitudes, and practices within the school communities.
Minnesota
Authors: Atchison Janey
Published: July 2024

The state of Minnesota’s current biennial education budget including changes from the newly adopted FY24–25 Legislative Budget. The P–12 education budget saw a 17% increase due to a state surplus of $17.5 billion. Descriptions of current trends in Minnesota's funding priorities, modifications to state funding formula, pressing issues in education finance, and human resources changes are discussed.
Missouri
Authors: Webber Clay
Published: July 2024

This article is a brief summary and update of the public school funding in the state of Missouri for FY2023. The state of Missouri funds education through a foundation model. The largest funding item in the Missouri general budget is K-12 education. In 2018, the state budget fully funded the formula for the first time. The funding formula is multifaceted, including the following four components: weighted average daily attendance, state adequacy target, dollar-value modifier, and local effort. These four items are used to calculate the total state funding for K-12 education. Missouri ranks 32nd in the nation in K-12 student spending when combining local, state, and federal funding sources.