bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of a polariton step potential by local variation of light-matter coupling in a van-der-Waals heterostructure
Authors: Rupprecht C. , Klaas M. , Knopf H. , Taniguchi T. , Watanabe K. , Qin Y. , Tongay S. , Schröder S. , Eilenberger F. , Höfling S. , Schneider C.
Published: May 2020

The large oscillator strength of excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide layers facilitates the formation of exciton-polariton resonances for monolayers and van-der-Waals heterostructures embedded in optical microcavities. Here, we show, that locally changing the number of layers in a WSe2/hBN/WSe2 van-der-Waals heterostructure embedded in a monolithic, high-quality-factor cavity gives rise to a local variation of the coupling strength. This effect yields a polaritonic stair case potential, which we demonstrate at room temperature. Our result paves the way towards engineering local polaritonic potentials at length scales down to atomically sharp interfaces, based on purely modifying its real part contribution via the coherent light-matter coupling strength g.
Angular-insensitive optical filtering based on meta-GMR
Authors: Wang Chih-Ming , Yu Chen-Yi , Lin Sheng-Fu , Hsu Che-Lung
Published: May 2020

In this study, the optical properties of a meta-GMR consisting of a metasurface stacked on a planar dielectric slab waveguide were theoretically investigated. Two different metasurfaces, namely chiral split-ring resonator dimer arrays with/without a rod-shaped antenna, were investigated and compared. Conventional GMR filters utilize gratings to couple the free-space electromagnetic field to the waveguide. The highly dispersive nature of grating leads to low angular tolerance. Here, the grating is replaced by metasurfaces. The metasurface unit cell can be regarded as a polarizable dipole that couples the free-space electromagnetic field to the waveguide and decouples the waveguide mode to the radiation modes. Based on the localized nature of the resonant metasurfaces, the metasurface/GMR hybrid mode exhibits a superior angular tolerance as compared with a conventional GMR filter. This study can open a new avenue to tailor the optical properties of GMR-based devices.
Highly efficient Er:YAP laser with 6.9 W of output power at 2920 nm
Authors: Yao Weichao , Uehara Hiyori , Kawase Hiroki , Chen Hengjun , Yasuhara Ryo
Published: May 2020

We report on the efficient high-power operation of a laser-diode-pumped Er3+-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite (Er:YAP) laser in the 3 

μ

m spectral region at room temperature. 6.9 W of continuous-wave (CW) output power was obtained at 2920 nm. The slope efficiency was as high as 30.6% with respect to the absorbed pump power, which is close to the quantum defect limit (33.4%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest CW output power generated from 3 

μ

m Er3+-doped solid state lasers at room temperature. Furthermore, our analysis has shown that more than 10 W of output power based on Er:YAP is possible by further mitigating the thermal lens effect.
Optical manipulation of a single clay nanosheet hybridized with a porphyrin derivative
Authors: Higashi Yuki , Suzuki Yasutaka , Nakato Teruyuki , Tominaga Makoto , Breu Josef , Iwai Toshiaki , Kawamata Jun
Published: May 2020

The effect of hybridization of a clay fluorohectorite (FHT) nanosheet with a π-conjugated organic compound, α,β,γ,δ-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin p-toluene-sulfonate (TMPyP), on its optical manipulation is investigated. Although the hybridized FHT is optically trapped essentially in the same manner as that of neat FHT, the hybridization with TMPyP allows for manipulation of FHT with lower laser intensity or a shorter period, or both. This is ascribed to the larger refractive index and polarizability of TMPyP compared with neat FHT.
Are adult amateur musicians at ‘high risk’ of experiencing musculoskeletal symptoms?
Authors: Stanhope Jessica , Cook Angus , Weinstein Philip
Published: May 2020

Musculoskeletal symptoms (MSSs) are a common problem for musicians, but the MSS burden of amateur musicians specifically is under-investigated. For the first time we sought to compare the MSS prevalence and profile (e.g. MSS location, impact) of adult amateur musicians with those of non-musicians. Amateur and non-musicians were asked to complete a questionnaire that collected data on their demographics, musical activities and MSS outcomes. A total of 456 participants were included, 30.9% of whom were amateur musicians. MSSs were common for both amateurs and non-musicians (96.4% and 96.1%, respectively, for the last twelve months). The only significant difference between the two groups was for the twelve-month prevalence of head MSSs with amateur musicians having a higher prevalence than non-musicians (49.6% and 39.8%, respectively, p<0.05). We conclude that amateur musicians do not have a substantially different MSS prevalence and profile compared with non-musicians for this university-based population.
Curso Aristotélico Jesuíta Conimbricense. Tomo I: Comentários aos Livros Denominados ‘Parva Naturalia’
Authors: Marques Bernardino Fernando da Costa , Carvalho Mário Santiago de , Pinho Sebastião Tavares de , Fernandes Marina
Published: May 2020

A obra de Aristóteles conhecida pela designação latina ‘Parva Naturalia’ teve uma inegável fortuna científica e filosófica internacional; entre todos os comentários que ela conheceu sobressai naturalmente aquele que foi realizado em Coimbra, no século XVI, pela mão de Manuel de Góis. Integrado no célebre Curso Jesuíta Conimbricense, com ele puderam ter acesso, quer à história natural aristotélica, quer à ciência aristotélica do século XVI um número invulgar de Universidades e de colégios, espalhados do Atlântico aos Urais. Provindo de Coimbra, Aristóteles chegava assim à América do Sul, mas também ao Oriente, designadamente à China, território que conheceu várias versões e adaptações do Curso Aristotélico Jesuíta.
Las Cumbres Iberoamericanas: el largo y difícil camino hacia su institucionalización
Authors: Arenal Celestino del
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: El proceso de institucionalización de las Cumbres Iberoamericanas refleja mejor que cualquier otra dimensión su problemática de fondo, por cuanto que en dicho proceso convergen tanto el protagonismo de España como el interés (o desinterés) de los países latinoamericanos. Este artículo realiza un análisis histórico del periodo transcurrido entre 1991 y 2005, con particular énfasis sobre la política exterior española, y concluye con una evaluación prospectiva de las Cumbres cuya próxima edición se celebrará en Salamanca en 2005.ABSTRACT: The process of institutionalization of the Ibero-American Summits reflects better than any other dimension their core issues, as it is the confluent point of both the high profile of Spain’s foreign policy and the interests (or lack thereof) of the Latin-American countries. This article develops a historical analysis of the period 1991-2005, with particular emphasis on the role of Spain, and ends up with a prospective evaluation of the Summits, whose next edition will take place in Salamanca in 2005.
La institucionalización de los sistemas de partidos y la teoría del sistema partidista después de la tercera ola democratizadora
Authors: Mainwaring Scott , Torcal Mariano
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: Este artículo examina tres diferencias esenciales entre los sistemas de partidos de las democracias industriales avanzadas y aquellos de los países menos desarrollados, dando una especial atención al problema de los distintos niveles de institucionalización de los sistemas de partidos. El argumento central es que los sistemas de partidos de las democracias de los países menos desarrollados están mucho menos institucionalizados. Primero, mostramos que las democracias y semidemocracias existentes en esos países muestran niveles mucho más elevados de volatilidad electoral que los observados en las democracias de los países industriales avanzados. Segundo, que la mayoría de la literatura sobre votantes, partidos y sistemas de partidos asumen un contexto de sistema de partidos institucionalizados con fuertes raíces partidistas en la sociedad en el que los vínculos programáticos e ideológicos devienen como básicos a la hora de establecer los mecanismos de competición partidista. Sin embargo, en los sistemas de partidos de la mayoría de las democracias y semidemocracias de los países en desarrollo, este vínculo es sustancialmente mucho más débil. Tercero, los vínculos entre votantes y candidatos que funcionan en sistemas no institucionalizados de las democracias y semidemocracias son mucho más personalistas.ABSTRACT: This article examines three differences between the party systems of the advanced industrial democracies and party systems of less developed countries, particularly in terms of the level of institutionalization. The overarching argument is that the party systems of less developed countries are less institutionalized. More specifically, we first show that most democracies and semidemocracies in less developed countries have much higher electoral volatility and less electoral stability than the advanced industrial democracies. Second, much of the literature on voters, parties and party systems assumes the context of institutionalized party systems with strong party roots in society and further presupposes that party competition is based on programmatic or ideological linkages between voters and parties. However, in the party systems of most democracies and semidemocracies in less developed countries, these programmatic or ideological linkages are substantially weaker. Third, linkages between voters and candidates are more personalistic in the less institutionalized party systems of the democracies and semidemocracies.
Los Ministerios de Defensa en América Latina y las consecuencias de la multidimensionalidad de las amenazas
Authors: Barrachina Carlos , Rial Roade Juan
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar algunos de los posibles riesgos que se pueden dar de involución en el proceso de democratización del sector defensa en América Latina. Hay dos factores a través de los que se puede medir el grado de avance de la democracia: el tipo de institucionalidad del sector en relación al control político, y la participación de civiles en los Ministerios de Defensa; y el espectro de misiones que cubren las Fuerzas Armadas. En este trabajo se señala que se ha producido un retroceso en éstos en los últimos tiempos. Se han detenido las políticas que insistían en la participación de civiles en los ministerios, y se ha bendecido el regreso a antiguas formas de participación militar en asuntos internos al reconocerse por la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA) en el 2003 el carácter multidimensional de las amenazas a la seguridad.ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to present some of the risks that could interrupt the democratization process of defense sector in Latin America. Two fundamental aspects measure the democracy consolidation: the institutionalization of the political control, and the civilian participation in the Defense Ministries; and the missions that the Armed Forces have to do. Some first conclusions from the paper suggest that the situation worsened lately. The policies that insisted in civilian participation in the ministries are stopped, and the Organization of American States (OAS) in 2003 has permitted in some degree that the military assume old military roles in intern affairs, when they recognized the multidimensionality of security threats.
Los últimos diez años de la cultura política uruguaya: entre la participación y el desencanto
Authors: Selios Lemes Lucía
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: Uruguay presenta los guarismos más altos en los indicadores de cultura política en América Latina. Pero el impacto de los recientes cambios políticos y económicos puede haber afectado el patrón cultural de los uruguayos. De hecho, la crisis económica vivida en el 2002, la paulatina reestructuración del sistema de partidos y la asunción de un partido de izquierda en el gobierno, pueden estar reflejando o produciendo ciertos cambios en la cultura política de la población. Este artículo observa la evolución de la cultura política de los uruguayos durante la última década e identifica los cambios asociados a los momentos políticos y a la crisis económica. Específicamente se verifica un aumento del pesimismo, la momentánea pérdida de confianza en las instituciones políticas y el breve fortalecimiento del entramado social.ABSTRACT: Uruguay consistently scores the highest rates in Latin America in indicators relating to political culture. However it is plausible that recent political and economic changes may have affected the pattern of Uruguay’s political culture. In this respect, the economic crisis of 2002, the gradual restructuring of the party system and the rise to power of a left-wing government may either reflect or produce changes in the political culture of Uruguay’s population. This article examines the evolution of the political culture of the Uruguayans over the last decade, and identifies the changes associated with different political moments and the economic crisis. Specifically, it highlights an increase in pessimism, a momentary loss of confidence in political institutions and a brief strengthening of the social fabric
Adaptation of UFORE-Hydro model for Szeged and the southern region of the Great Hungarian Plainbased on local meteorological database
Authors: Csete Ákos Kristóf , Gulyás Ágnes
Published: May 2020

Urban environments are very different from natural ones in many cases. The geometry of the buildings and the various artificial surface elements can significantly influence the microclimatic and hydrological processes. In urban areas, the surface is mostly artificial and it is hard to find natural, undisturbed surfaces, in addition, the vast majority of soil surfaces are generally under strong anthropogenic influence. Models can provide a comprehensive view of the hydrological processes in the city and can help to investigate the different impacts of them. In this study, our aim is to introduce the preparation of a widely applicable model (UFORE-Hydro) for Hungarian pilot areas. Thus, we intend to introduce the procedure of preparing the weather and evaporation files and their local databases which we used for the model.
Evaluation of an alternative for manufacture of artisanal Minas cheese from micro-region of Campo das Vertentes, using pasteurized milk and industrial dairy cultures
Authors: Costa Júnior Luiz Carlos Gonçalves , Fernandes Lorena Evangelista , Costa Renata Golin Bueno , Magalhães Fernando Antônio Resplande , Paula Junio César Jacinto de , Sobral Denise
Published: May 2020

O objetivo foi criar alternativa aos laticínios na produção de versão do queijo Minas artesanal, com leite pasteurizado e culturas lácteas industriais. Como referência, foi identificada uma queijaria artesanal, além de uma unidade industrial, ambas na região Campo das Vertentes. Os queijos produzidos nas duas tecnologias foram maturados por 60 dias, sendo que ambos não apresentaram diferenças quanto ao perfil de textura. Contagens de coliformes (30 °C e 45 °C), Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria spp. e Salmonella spp., aos 2 e 60 dias, apresentaram-se abaixo dos limites da legislação, em ambos tratamentos. Aspectos físico-químicos como teores de cloreto de sódio, umidade e cinzas não diferiram entre tecnologias, e atividade de água, gordura, pH, proteína total, e índices de proteólise apresentaram-se diferentes em períodos pontuais entre queijos. Atributos sensoriais como textura, gosto salgado e odor não diferiram entre tratamentos, já aspecto global, foi mais bem avaliado nos queijos artesanais aos 40 dias. Consistência, aroma e sabor obtiveram notas mais altas no fim da maturação, e, cor interna e sabor residual, foram mais bem avaliados após 20 dias nos artesanais. A intenção de compra e aceitação foram as mesmas. A tecnologia desenvolvida é alternativa possível para produção em laticínios do queijo Minas artesanal do Campo das Vertentes.
Utilização da espectrometria de massa MALDI-TOF para avaliação microbiológica de leite e derivados
Authors: Valente Gustavo Lucas Costa , Souza Marcelo Resende de
Published: May 2020

Leite e seus derivados são alimentos que se destacam pelo elevado teor nutritivo. Essa característica permite que seja encontrada uma grande diversidade de micro-organismos nesses produtos, incluindo aqueles considerados desejáveis e indesejáveis. Associado a isso, um elevado volume de leite tem sido produzido mundialmente, demandando que métodos mais práticos e acurados, como a espectrometria de massa MALDI-TOF, sejam aplicados para avaliação microbiológica de produtos lácteos. Essa metodologia se baseia na ionização e dessorção de proteínas microbianas, que em seguida são aceleradas em um tubo a vácuo. De acordo com o tempo de voo ao longo do tubo das diferentes partículas ionizadas que compunham a amostra, são formados espectros característicos que podem ser comparados aos espectros presentes no banco de dados do aparelho, permitindo uma identificação do micro-organismo. Muitos estudos científicos têm demonstrado que a identificação por MALDI-TOF de distintos micro-organismos isolados de produtos lácteos (leite fluido, queijos e leites fermentados) foi compatível com o resultado obtido por métodos de sequenciamento genético (gene rRNA 16S), que é considerado o padrão-ouro para identificação microbiana. Apesar de ser um método novo e que demanda um considerável investimento para aquisição do aparelho, seu desempenho tem sido satisfatório e promissor. Portanto, há uma grande perspectiva futura para sua utilização de forma mais efetiva na identificação de micro-organismos provenientes de produtos lácteos.
Avaliação da qualidade físico-química, rotulagem e ocorrência de adulterações em amostras de leite UHT
Authors: Oliveira Kennedy Borges , Kobori Cíntia Nanci , Sampaio Rigueira Ubaldo Juliana Cristina
Published: May 2020

O trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar as características físico-químicas, a presença de substâncias adulterantes e a rotulagem de leites UHT integral e desnatado, verificando se estão de acordo com as legislações vigentes. Foram avaliadas trinta amostras, sendo cinco marcas de cada tipo de leite (integral e desnatado) e três diferentes lotes. Foi utilizado um analisador de leite por ultrassom para análises de composição e físico-químicas. Também foram realizadas as análises de acidez titulável e a detecção de amido, cloretos, sacarose e neutralizantes da acidez. Para avaliação da rotulagem, um checklist com 26 itens foi aplicado. Foram obtidos resultados dentro do exigido pela legislação para os parâmetros físico-químicos, com exceção dos valores de acidez titulável e crioscopia. Já quanto às análises de adulterantes, os resultados foram negativos, mostrando que não houve adição das substâncias adulterantes pesquisadas. Nas análises de rotulagem, duas marcas dos tipos integral e desnatado (12 amostras) estavam conformes em todos os itens analisados e três marcas (18 amostras) apresentaram não conformidade em apenas um item. Conclui-se que as amostras de leites UHT integral e desnatado analisadas apresentaram irregularidades, demonstrando a necessidade de uma fiscalização constante de forma a ofertar produtos dentro dos requisitos legais.
Populist Mobilizations in Re-Traditionalized Society: Anti-Gender Campaigning in Slovenia
Authors: Kuhar Roman , Pajnik Mojca
Published: May 2020

The political shifts in the post 1989 period in Central and Eastern Europe and the military conflicts in the Balkans intensified ethnic nationalism in these societies, but simultaneously also gave rise to populism of the extreme right and consequently to hatred of minorities and a shift towards reifying national values that the communist regime allegedly suppressed. Slovenia as one of the former Yugoslav republics was no exception: the rise of the extreme right intensified ethno-nationalism coupled with authoritarian tendencies of governing »the people« by reproducing groups of the excluded. Populist right of post-socialist Slovenia found the new enemies in various groups of »others« who were imagined as endangering the future of the nation and its people, such as migrants, women, LGBTQ+, »the erased«, Roma etc. This paper suggests that recent trends of »exclusionary populism« evolved as a mixture of nationalization and re-traditionalization / anti-gender processes with right-wing and religious actors re-gaining power after years of being repressed in the previous political system. Approaching populism at the crossroads of ideology and political style, this paper analyses communication strategies and discourses of the actors in anti-gender movement. Their main orientation is to obstruct women's sexual and reproductive rights and rights of same-sex couples by creating moral panics around alleged endangerment of »our nation's children«, who are either being aborted by heartless women or adopted by queers.
Pina Bausch's Dance Theater
Authors: Klein Gabriele
Published: May 2020

This volume provides new, ground-breaking perspectives on the globally renowned work of the Tanztheater Wuppertal and its iconic founder and artistic director, Pina Bausch. The company's performances, how it developed its productions, the global transfer of its choreographic material and the reactions of audiences and critics are explained as complex, interdependent and reciprocal processes of translation. This is the first book to focus on the artistic research conducted for the Tanztheater's international coproductions and features extensive interviews with dancers, collaborators and spectators and provides first-hand ethnographic insights into the work process. By introducing the praxeology of translation as a key methodological concept for dance research, Gabriele Klein argues that Pina Bausch's lasting legacy is defined by an entanglement of temporalities that challenges the notion of contemporaneity.
The Economy of Detainability
Authors: De Genova Nicholas
Published: May 2020

One of the defining features of the socio-political condition of migrants, whatever their precise juridical status within the larger immigration system of any given (nation-)state, is the susceptibility to deportation that is an (almost) universal feature of their non-citizen status. Within any given economy of immigration-related conditionalities and contingencies, migrants always remain more or less deportable. And this deportability - this possibility of being deported, of being forcibly expelled from the space where migrants are actively engaged in making their lives and livelihoods - has profoundly disciplinary repercussions. The dramatic expansion of an effectively global deportation regime in recent years - and the accompanying widening purview of deportability for migrants that has been the effect of diversified and intensified forms of »interior« immigration law enforcement - has generated the conditions of possibility for an analogous expansion of migrant detention. Arguably even more than the onerous punitive power of deportation itself, detention may be understood to enact the sovereign power of a state upon the lives of migrants in a manner that frequently transmutes their deportable status into a de facto legal non-personhood. That is to say, with detention, the effectively rightless condition of deportable migrants culminates in summary (and sometimes indefinite) incarceration on the basis of little more than their sheer existential predicament as »undesirable« non-citizens, usually with little or no recourse to any form of legal remedy or appeal, and frequently no semblance to any due process of law whatsoever. Castigated to a station outside the law, and rendered veritably rightless, their detention then leaves them at the mercy of the caprices of the detention authorities. To adequately comprehend the productivity of this power to detain migrants - a detention power that commonly operates outside and beyond the parameters of any system of criminal law, and has ordinarily been figured as a merely »administrative« matter of expediency in the state's disposal of migrants - we need recourse to a concept of detainability, the susceptibility to detention, the possibility of being detained. And we must interrogate the economy of different conditionalities and contingencies that undergird various degrees by which distinct categories of migrants are subjected by this susceptibility to the detention power.
Care anders denken
Authors: Stöckinger Maik
Published: May 2020

Warum kümmern sich Menschen um andere Menschen? Maik Stöckinger nimmt die Beziehungen zwischen Gebenden und Erhaltenden von (Für-)Sorge in den Blick und geht der Frage gelingender Care-Arrangements nach. Dabei werden auf innovative Weise Reziprozitätstheorien und Theorien der Gabe in die Care-Debatte eingeführt. Der empirische Zugriff auf die Sorge-Problematik ermöglicht es, »Care/Fürsorge« anders zu denken und kann zudem für die Frage nach der Persistenz und dem Wandel ihrer vergeschlechtlichten Konnotation fruchtbar gemacht werden. Die Studie liefert so wertvolle Beobachtungen für die Suche nach den Bedingungen gelingender Sorge.
Characterization of Tribological Behaviour of Surface Topographies by Roughness Measurement at the Beginning of the Wear Process
Authors: Barányi István
Published: May 2020

The examination of the tribological processes can be implement by different methods. In the initial stage of the abrasive wear process, the microtopography of steels drastically changes until it reaches a stable state. This change can be described by different methods. One of the methods is the characterisation with the help of roughness parameters. In this paper validated simulation algorithm has been used to predict the modification of the roughness parameters. Manufactured microtopographies with same arithmetical mean height (Sa) value can be modelled to the destroying with the help of abrasive worn microtopography. It was found the main roughness parameters named Sa, Sq, Ssk, Sku modification strongly depending to the manufacturing technology.
Use of nonpharmacological methods while taking blood sample from children
Authors: Kürtüncü Meltem , Davas Seda
Published: May 2020

The aim of this review is to examine the literature on the effect of non-pharmacological methods on children's anxiety, pain level and parental satisfaction during blood collection.

There are 2 doctoral theses and 12 master's theses at NTC National Thesis Center on pain management during the blood collection process in children. Numerous publications and articles have been searched and it is observed that non-pharmacological methods applied during the blood collection process generally have positive effects on pediatric patients and their families.

It is thought that non-pharmacological techniques applied during the blood collection process will reduce the anxiety, fear and pain in children and increase the satisfaction of the family and the child in nursing care and their compliance with thenonpharmacologic methods during blood collection in children is discussed.

​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.

 

Özet

Bu derleme, çocuklara kan alma işlemi sırasında uygulanacak olan nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerin çocuklardaki anksiyete, ağrı düzeyi, ebeveyn memnuniyetine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmış olan literatürü incelemek amaçlanmıştır.                              

Çocuklarda kan alma işlemi sırasında hissedilen ağrı yönetimiyle ilgili YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi'nde 2 adet doktora tezi ve 12 adet yüksek lisans tezi bulunmaktadır. Konuyla ilgili sayısız yayın ve makale taranmış olup, genel itibariyle kan alma işlemi sırasında uygulanan nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerin çocuk hastalar ve aileleri üzerinde olumlu etkiler yaptığı gözlenmiştir.

Kan alma işlemi sırasında uygulanan nonfarmakolojik tekniklerin çocuklarda oluşan anksiyete, korku ve ağrıyı azaltmasının yanında ailenin ve çocuğun hemşirelik bakımında memnuniyetini ve tıbbi işlemlere olan uyumunu artırarak, tıbbi işlem korkusuna bağlı oluşan psikosomatik komplikasyonların kısa ve uzun dönem sonuçlarını olumlu yönde etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede, çocuklarda kan alma işlemi sırasında nonfarmakolajik yöntemlerin kullanımından bahsedilmiştir.
Kuchnia badań miejskich. Wprowadzenie redaktora tomu
Authors: Nowak Marek
Published: May 2020

Marek Nowak, Kuchnia badań miejskich. Wprowadzenie redaktora tomu [A backstage of urban research. Introduction by the editor of the volume] edited by M. Nowak, „Człowiek i Społeczeństwo” vol. XLVIII: Kuchnia badań miejskich. Studia na temat praktyki empirycznej badaczy miasta [A backstage of urban research. Studies on the empirical practices of city research scientists], Poznań 2019, pp. 7–9, Adam Mickiewicz University. ISSN 0239-3271.

Marek Nowak, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Wydział Socjologii, ul. Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568 Poznań, e-mail: marek.nowak@amu.edu.pl
Przemiana – społeczna i osobista. „Chłop polski” jako przyczynek do analizy współczesnych przemian w szkolnictwie wyższym na świecie
Authors: Joseph C. Hermanowicz Joseph C. Hermanowicz
Published: May 2020

The present work represents an extrapolation of Wiliam I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki’s study, The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, on behalf of the development of sociological theory. The subject consists of careers and institutions in higher education. The curriculum vitae serves as the novel human document by which to investigate both social and personal change. Academic careers are studied by virtue of their objective and subjective dimensions. Objectively, the institution of education is revealed for the shifting expectations that govern work in academia in specific historical times (indicated by the cohort in which academics earned their Ph.D.s) and in specific socially bound places (indicated by the type of university in which academics work). Major social change in education likely spells personal change for the way in which people subjectively experience the contemporary academic career. The data come from U.S.-based academics; parallel transformational changes are observable globally. The global change discussed in the work centers on diffusion and institutionalization of the research role. The sources and consequences of this change are problematic. Akin to Thomas and Znaniecki’s larger analytic aims, patterns of change are used inductively to formulate theory: the paper culminates by postulating a theory of increasing tendencies in the way knowledge is produced in higher education institutions throughout the world.
Solidification Structures in Low-Alloyed Powder Metallurgy Steels Obtained through Permanent Liquid Phase Sintering Using a Master Alloy Containing Boron
Authors: Gélinas Simon , Rousseau Jean-Nicolas , Blais Carl
Published: May 2020

Powder metallurgy (PM) steels containing boron form an attractive group of alloys because of the important densification that can be achieved through permanent liquid phase sintering (LPS). However, upon solidification, such liquid phase is known to form borides or borocarbides. Recent works have shown that some alloying elements have significant interactions with the LPS of PM steels containing boron. More specifically, it is suspected that the concentration of prealloyed molybdenum influences the formation of boride/borocarbide upon cooling at the end of the sintering cycle. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to describe the relationship that exists between the concentration of prealloyed molybdenum and the crystal structure of the boride/borocarbide eutectic component that typically forms in PM steels containing boron. A master alloy made of iron-manganese-nickel-boron-carbon was utilized to introduce boron, thus providing enhanced sintering through LPS. Characterization in optical and scanning electron microscopy combined with electron-backscattered diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) revealed that increasing the prealloyed molybdenum content not only increased the volume fraction of liquid phase but also modified the morphology and the nature of the boron-rich eutectic. Changing the prealloyed molybdenum content from 0.5 to 0.85 wt.% transformed the discontinuous M2B boride to a continuous M23(C,B)6 borocarbide phase, causing a drastic decrease in strength despite the higher densification observed at 0.85 wt.% molybdenum. The effect of molybdenum on the LPS process of boron PM steels is undeniable and was found to occur after the initial formation of the liquid phase. Indeed, differential scanning calorimetry revealed no difference in the endothermic melting peaks temperature for both concentration of molybdenum.
Functionalized Graphite–Reinforced Cross-Linked Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Nanocomposites for Vibration Isolator Application: Morphology, Mechanical, and Thermal Assessment
Authors: Singh Komal , Jain Naman , Verma Akarsh , Singh V. K. , Chauhan Sakshi
Published: May 2020

In the present investigation, cross-linking of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was done to enhance the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of neat PVA. Furthermore, to specifically enhance the mechanical properties, functionalized graphite (via oxidative acidic treatment) particles were used as reinforcement material with varying weight percentages (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2) in the PVA domain. Fabricated samples are firstly examined by a water absorption test to confirm the formation of cross-linked bonds. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to confirm the oxidative acid treatment to functionalize the graphite particles. Scanning electron microscopy of the fractured surface of fabricated composites shows strong interfacial bonding taking place between the functionalized graphite and cross-linked PVA, which results in improved mechanical properties of fabricated composites. The maximum ultimate tensile strength is found at 1 wt. % of functionalized-graphite particle reinforcement, which is about 62.5 % higher than neat PVA. The thermal stability of composites was also enhanced with an increase in functionalized graphite particles weight percentage. Dynamic mechanical analysis results show a high value of damping coefficient (tan δ), which is about 0.573 for cross-linked PVA, which confirms a high damping character. Therefore, these materials could be potentially used to minimize noise transmission as a vibration isolator and shock absorber and in nanocoating applications.
Theban Myth in Virgil's Aeneid: The Brothers at War
Authors: Rebeggiani Stefano
Published: May 2020

This article offers a thorough study of Virgil's interaction with the myth of Eteocles and Polynices' war for the throne of Thebes, as represented especially in Athenian tragedy. It demonstrates that allusions to the Theban myth are crucial to the Aeneid's construction of a set of tensions and oppositions that play an important role in Virgil's reflection on the historical experience of Rome, especially in connection with the transition from Republic to Empire. In particular, interaction with Theban stories allows Virgil to explore: (1) the dichotomy between similarity and foreignness in the depiction of Rome's enemies; (2) the tension in differing attitudes towards the state as reflected in antithetical character types—namely, the selfless youth who sacrifices himself for the community and the would-be tyrant prepared to go to any lengths to achieve sole power; and, finally, (3) the dichotomy between opposing notions of time defined by teleology, on the one hand, and circularity and repetition on the other, the two representing the differing temporalities of epic and tragedy, respectively.
NHJ-1 Is Required for Canonical Nonhomologous End Joining in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Vujin Aleksandar , Jones Steven J , Zetka Monique
Published: May 2020

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a particularly lethal form of DNA damage that must be repaired to restore genomic integrity. Canonical nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), is a widely conserved pathway that detects and directly ligates the broken ends to repair the DSB. These events globally require the two proteins that form the Ku ring complex, Ku70 and Ku80, and the terminal ligase LIG4. While the NHEJ pathway in vertebrates is elaborated by more than a dozen factors of varying conservation and is similarly complex in other eukaryotes, the entire known NHEJ toolkit in Caenorhabditis elegans consists only of the core components CKU-70, CKU-80, and LIG-4. Here, we report the discovery of the first accessory NHEJ factor in C. elegans. Our analysis of the DNA damage response in young larvae revealed that the canonical wild-type N2 strain consisted of two lines that exhibited a differential phenotypic response to ionizing radiation (IR). Following the mapping of the causative locus to a candidate on chromosome V and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 mutagenesis, we show that disruption of the nhj-1 sequence induces IR sensitivity in the N2 line that previously exhibited IR resistance. Using genetic and cytological analyses, we demonstrate that nhj-1 functions in the NHEJ pathway to repair DSBs. Double mutants of nhj-1 and lig-4 or cku-80 do not exhibit additive IR sensitivity, and the post-IR somatic and fertility phenotypes of nhj-1 mimic those of the other NHEJ factors. Furthermore, in com-1 mutants that permit repair of meiotic DSBs by NHEJ instead of restricting their repair to the homologous recombination pathway, loss of nhj-1 mimics the consequences of loss of lig-4. Diakinesis-stage nuclei in nhj-1; com-1 and nhj-1; lig-4 mutant germlines exhibit increased numbers of DAPI-staining bodies, consistent with increased chromosome fragmentation in the absence of NHEJ-mediated meiotic DSB repair. Finally, we show that NHJ-1 and LIG-4 localize to somatic nuclei in larvae, but are excluded from the germline progenitor cells, consistent with NHEJ being the dominant DNA repair pathway in the soma. nhj-1 shares no sequence homology with other known eukaryotic NHEJ factors and is taxonomically restricted to the Rhabditid family, underscoring the evolutionary plasticity of even highly conserved pathways.
Bioanalytical method validation of Esomeprazole by high performance liquid chromatography with PDA detection
Authors: Moni Fatema , Sharmin Suriya , Rony Satyajit Roy , Afroz Farhana , Akhter Shammi , Sohrab Md. Hossain
Published: May 2020

This study describes the development and validation of a simple, specific, accurate, and precise method for quantitative determination of Esomeprazole in human serum using Pantoprazole as internal standard (IS). After the addition of internal standard, Esomeprazole from serum samples was extracted simply by protein precipitation method followed by centrifugation and the supernatants were directly injected into the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chromatographic separation of the compounds was obtained on Hitachi Lachrom C8 column (5 µm, 250 × 4.6 mm) with a mobile phase consisting of 5 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate pH 7.4 and acetonitrile in a ratio of 70:30 with UV detection at 302 nm with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The method was sensitive and specific, and validated over a concentration range of 0.06–6.0 µg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.03 µg/mL and 0.06 µg/mL, respectively. The precision and accuracy expressed as relative standard deviation were less than 15%. The average recovery of Esomeprazole from serum was 97.08%.
Influenzához kapcsolódó halálozás 2009/2010 és 2016/2017 között Magyarországon
Authors: Kovács Katalin , Pakot Levente
Published: May 2020

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés: Magyarországon az elmúlt években több alkalommal is
tapasztaltunk az év első három hónapjában halálozási csúcsokat. Az influenza
szerepének tisztázására még nem született olyan halandósági elemzés, amelynek
eredményei más országok ugyanolyan módszerrel kapott eredményeivel
összehasonlíthatók lennének. Célkitűzés: A 2009/10 és 2016/17
közötti időszakra vonatkozóan az influenzához köthető magyarországi
többlethalálozások alakulásának bemutatása a FluMOMO statisztikai programcsomag
alkalmazásával. Módszer: A halálozások heti számát (függő
változó) modellezzük egy többváltozós idősoros elemzéssel, amelyben az
influenzaaktivitás és az extrém időjárási körülmények szerepelnek magyarázó
változóként. Az influenzaaktivitást az influenzaszerű tünetekkel háziorvoshoz
fordulók konzultációs aránya (ILI) alapján becsüljük.
Eredmények: Az influenzával összefüggésbe hozhatóan
2009/10-ben 1091, 2010/11-ben 2969, 2011/12-ben 4036, 2012/13-ban 2336,
2013/14-ben 2608, 2014/15-ben 6470, 2015/16-ban 51, 2016/17-ben pedig 5162
haláleset történhetett. Az évenkénti átlagos többlethalandósági ráta az
össznépességben 0,5 és 52,7 (1/100 000) fő között alakult. A halálozás más
országokban hasonló módszerrel kapott számokhoz és rátákhoz viszonyítva
Magyarországon hasonló nagyságrendű, ugyanakkor tendenciaszerűen magasabb.
Következtetés: Magasabb oltási arányt elért országokban az
influenza okozta halálozás tendenciaszerűen alacsonyabb; Magyarországon az
oltási ráta növelésére van szükség. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(23): 962–970.
Vortex guide under a Lorentz force.
Authors: Aguirre C. A. , Martins Q. , Barba-Ortega José José
Published: May 2020

In the present work we study the effect that the metallic quality of the contacts by which an external current is applied, has on the magnetic properties of a superconducting sample. We analyze the magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, Cooper pair density as applied magnetic field function. The contacts are simulated using the
El rol de la responsabilidad social empresarial para las microempresas: ¿Qué tanto se cumplen las buenas prácticas?
Authors: Cañizares-Arévalo Jorge de Jesús
Published: May 2020

El comportamiento acelerado de la economía mundial hace que su relación con el sistema natural durante el proceso de transformación de materia prima, coadyuve a la degradación ambiental. De ahí la relevancia del concepto de sostenibilidad y responsabilidad social como factor determinante de buenas prácticas en las organizaciones. Por consiguiente, el objetivo de este artículo consistió en determinar el cumplimiento de la responsabilidad social bajo la Guía Técnica Colombiana GTC 180 orientado a principios de la ISO 26000 que hace referencia a la responsabilidad social por parte de microempresas e involucra los Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio –ODM- números 6,7 y 8, para generar un modelo sostenible, competitivo, socialmente responsable y ambientalmente amigable. La metodología aplicada fue descriptiva y de campo, con una población de 444 microempresas de Ocaña, Colombia, con una muestra de 207, de las cuales, el 61,9% consideran que sus organizaciones no cuentan con conciencia de responsabilidad social y tan solo el 27.4% adoptan la cultura de clasificar los residuos sólidos generados por el proceso productivo de su empresa, lo que denota ausencia de criterios mínimos de responsabilidad social y de sostenibilidad, ajustados a derechos humanos, laborales y al cuidado del medio ambiente.
Reducing public health costs with infant formulas: oral food challenge and misdiagnosed or outgrown cow’s milk protein allergy
Authors: Andrade Ana Laura , Pereira Priscila , Mauch Renan , Brandão Maria Angela Bellomo , Silva Marcos Tadeu Nolasco da , Riccetto Adriana
Published: May 2020

Background: Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) are crucial for avoiding unnecessary prescription of infant formulas. Here, we aimed to use the oral food challenge (OFC) for CMPA confirmation and for assessing development of natural tolerance to milk, in children with clinical CMPA diagnosis. We also assessed the economic impact in public health-care costs of reducing the prescription of infant formulas (provided by the São Paulo State’s public health service, in Brazil, until two years of age) after ruling out CMPA diagnosis in children with negative OFC results. Methods: We reviewed medical records of 76 children [41 males, median age = 2.0 years (0.8-5.0)] who underwent OFC from January 2016 to June 2018, 30 of whom were ≤2 years old. Results: Before OFC, 52 (68.4%), 20 (26.3%) and five (5.3%) children were diagnosed with non-IgE-mediated, IgE-mediated and mixed CMPA, respectively. Most children were fed with aminoacid-based formulas (n=29, 38%). OFC was negative in 58 (76%) children, thus ruling out CMPA diagnosis. Out of 18 (24%) OFC-positive children, most (n=10, 56%) had gastrointestinal symptoms. After ruling out CMPA diagnosis, a mean of 152.3 formula cans (2,161.14 US dollars) were saved per children by the public health service. The total amount saved was 64,834.27 US dollars. Conclusions: OFC proved important not only for ruling out misdiagnosed CMPA, but also for preventing the indiscriminate use of infant formulas, which, in turn, had positive consequences for public health costs.
Demanda por leitos de UTI pela COVID-19 no Distrito Federal, Brasil: uma análise do impacto das medidas de distanciamento social com simulações de Monte Carlo
Authors: Zimmermann Ivan Ricardo , Sanchez Mauro , Brant Jonas , Alves Domingos
Published: May 2020

Objetivos: analisar o impacto das políticas de distanciamento social sobre a propagação da COVID-19 e a necessidade de leitos de unidades de terapia intensiva. Métodos: com um modelo compartimental de transição dinâmica e simulações de Monte Carlo foram construídos cenários de propagação de acordo com o nível de adesão das medidas de distanciamento social no contexto do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Os valores dos parâmetros foram baseados em fontes oficiais, bases indexadas e repositórios públicos de dados. Resultados: a manutenção da adesão ao nível de 58% de isolamento foi o único cenário favorável, com um pico de até 792 (IQR: 447 a 1.262) internações em UTI entre 05/11/2020 e 15/01/2021. A ausência do distanciamento implicaria um pico de até 7.331 (IQR: 5.427 a 9.696) internações em UTI. Conclusão: as projeções corroboram o efeito positivo das medidas de distanciamento social e a aplicabilidade de indicadores no seu monitoramento.
Fast Fourier transform-based homogenisation of gas hydrate bearing sediments
Authors: Alavoine A. , Dangla P. , Pereira J.-M.
Published: May 2020

Modelling the mechanical response of gas hydrate bearing sediments has become a crucial issue in the environmental field. Insufficient experimental data due to the instability of the gas hydrates make it difficult to develop accurate mechanical constitutive models. This paper suggests a numerical homogenisation method to simulate the response of composite materials like gas hydrate bearing soils. The homogenisation technique is based on fast Fourier transform and thus can be used with real images of soils. This method is applied here to both granular and fine soils for various volume fractions and types of gas hydrate inclusions.