bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regarding the Dead: A Model for Anatomical Gifting Outside the Traditional Medical School Setting
Authors: Cope Janet M. , Bennett Cynthia C. , Balilionis Gytis , Person Dianne M.
Published: May 2020

In 2017, Elon University became one of very few universities in the United States without a medical school to have an in‐house Anatomical Gift Program (AGP). The program accepts first‐person‐consenting individuals only and within 2.5 years has become self‐sufficient, supporting anatomy curricular needs of its physical therapy, physician assistant, and undergraduate biology and anthropology programs (n = 21 donors annually). This paper describes the timeline, costs, and benefits of developing an in‐house AGP at a university without a medical school. Policy development, public outreach, equipment needs, and cost benefits are discussed. Within 2.5 years of program opening, the AGP Director delivered 161 educational outreach presentations at 86 different venues across the state providing information on anatomical gifting. The program registered 320 individuals (60% female, 40% male) and enrolled 41 deceased donors (69% female, 31% male; average age of 74.6 at time of registration and 74.8 at donation). During the first seven months of the program, donor preparation costs (with outsourcing for transport/donor preparation/document filing/serology testing/cremation) averaged US$ 2,100 per donor. Over the past 23 months, donor preparation has been completed on site, lowering the cost per donor to US$ 1,260. Other costs include personnel salaries, legal fees, and outfitting of the anatomy laboratory and preparatory room. Program benefits include support of anatomy education on campus, assurance that all donors have given first‐person consent, and faculty/student access to donor‐determined health, social, and occupational information. Faculty, staff, and students contribute to the daily operations of the AGP.
‘It’s never okay to say no to teachers’: Children’s research consent and dissent in conforming schools contexts
Authors: Kirby Perpetua
Published: May 2020

This article examines the limits to children giving research consent in everyday school contexts that emphasises their conformity to comply with adult expectations, and highlights children’s competence and agency in navigating this conformity through different practices of dissent. It draws on research into children’s agency, using a multimodal ethnography of Year 1 classrooms in two English primary schools. The article includes a reflexive methodological focus, exploring the extent to which I counter the schools’ emphasis on conformity. This includes creating visuals for children to practice consent; positioning myself as the researcher in a non‐teacher role, as ‘least adult’ and the one who ‘least knows’; and designing interview spaces markedly different from classrooms. The article examines how children navigate conforming discourses by finding different ways to dissent in the research. Firstly, children demonstrate a sophisticated awareness of the cultural norms of indicating refusals beyond saying the word ‘No’. Secondly, children achieve unnoticeability, by which they absent themselves from the ‘on‐task’ classroom culture, and by extension the research process. Thirdly, they engage in playful dissent, demonstrating their political knowingness of the classroom social order. The article discusses the implications for educational research when the values of consent are in conflict with a schooling focused on conformity. This includes emphasising the limits of consent procedures, paying closer attention to how researchers recognise and respond ethically to children’s multiple practices of dissent, and using research to disrupt problematic power structures in education settings that limit possibilities for children’s consent.
Achieving good-quality consent: review of literature, case law and guidance
Authors: Normahani P , Sounderajah V , Harrop-Griffiths W , Chukwuemeka A , Peters N S , Standfield N J , Collins M , Jaffer U
Published: May 2020

Background

Informed consent is an integral part of clinical practice. There is widespread agreement amongst health professionals that obtaining procedural consent needs to move away from a unidirectional transfer of information to a process of supporting patients in making informed, self-determined decisions. This review aimed to identify processes and measures that warrant consideration when engaging in consent-based discussions with competent patients undergoing elective procedures.

Methods

Formal written guidance from the General Medical Council and Royal College of Surgeons of England, in addition to peer-reviewed literature and case law, was considered in the formulation of this review.

Results

A framework for obtaining consent is presented that is informed by the key tenets of shared decision-making (SDM), a model that advocates the contribution of both the clinician and patient to the decision-making process through emphasis on patient participation, analysis of empirical evidence, and effective information exchange. Moreover, areas of contention are highlighted in which further guidance and research are necessary for improved enhancement of the consent process.

Conclusion

This SDM-centric framework provides structure, detail and suggestions for achieving meaningful consent.
Identifying and predicting criminal career profiles from adolescence to age 39
Authors: Kim Bo‐Kyung Elizabeth , Gilman Amanda B. , Tan Kevin P. , Kosterman Rick , Bailey Jennifer A. , Catalano Richard F. , Hawkins J. David
Published: June 2020

Few longitudinal studies are capable of identifying criminal career profiles using both self‐report and official court data beyond the 30s. The current study aims to identify criminal career profiles across three developmental periods using self‐report data, validate these profiles with official court records and determine early childhood predictors. Data came from the Seattle Social Development Project (n = 808). Latent Class Analysis was used to examine criminal careers from self‐reported data during adolescence (aged 14–18), early adulthood (aged 21–27) and middle adulthood (aged 30–39). Official court records were used to validate the classes. Childhood risk and promotive factors measured at ages 11–12 were used to predict classes. Findings revealed four career classes: non‐offending (35.6%), adolescence‐limited (33.2%), adult desister (18.3%) and life‐course/persistent (12.9%). Official court records are consistent with the description of the classes. Early life school and family environments as well as having antisocial beliefs and friends differentiate membership across the classes. The results of this study, with a gender‐balanced and racially diverse sample, bolster the current criminal career knowledge by examining multiple developmental periods into the 30s using both self‐report and official court data.
Associations of depressive rumination and positive affect regulation with emotional distress after the death of a loved one
Authors: Boelen Paul A. , Lenferink Lonneke I.M.
Published: May 2020

The death of a loved one may precipitate symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD), post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Brooding about the causes and consequences of one's negative affect (NA), also termed depressive rumination, has been linked to distress after loss. The role of dysregulation of positive affect (PA) has received less attention. We examined (1) the factor structure of depressive rumination and PA dysregulation and (2) to what extent these factors were related to PGD, PTSD and depression symptom levels. Self‐report data were included from 235 Dutch bereaved people who completed measures tapping symptoms of PGD, PTSD and depression. Depressive rumination and PA regulation strategies were assessed with the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) Brooding Scale and the Response to Positive Affect (RPA) Questionnaire (including three subscales: emotion‐focused and self‐focused rumination and dampening), respectively. Confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modelling were used for data analyses. The four‐factor model (i.e., depressive rumination and the three RPA subscales) showed the best fit. An increase in depressive rumination was related to higher distress levels (across all outcomes in univariate and multivariate analyses). An increase in emotion‐focused rumination about PA was associated with less depression. More dampening of PA was related to higher PTSD levels. Findings suggest that, alongside the regulation of NA, the regulation of PA plays a role in how people respond to the death of a loved one. This points to the need for more research on NA and PA regulation in grief.
The model of dynamic balance in therapists' experiences and views on working with suicidal clients: A qualitative study
Authors: Podlogar Tina , Poštuvan Vita , De Leo Diego , Žvelc Gregor
Published: May 2020

Working with suicidal clients is frequently referred to as one of the most demanding and anxiety‐provoking aspects of therapeutic work. The aim of this study was to obtain an in‐depth understanding of therapists' experience in treating suicidal individuals and to develop a theoretical model of it. Eleven psychotherapists (four men and seven women) participated in individual semistructured interviews. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed by the principles of grounded theory. We developed a model of dynamic balance in therapists' experiences and views on working with suicidal clients. The model includes six core themes, which represent aspects of therapists' experience and views where a dynamic balance is needed between two different poles. The core themes are as follows: (i) understanding of suicidality: the general versus specific; (ii) the role of alliance: protective factor versus no guarantees; (iii) attitudes: acceptant versus life‐oriented; (iv) emotional response: worry versus trust; (v) responsibility: therapist's professionality versus client's autonomy; and (vi) focus: suicidality versus individual as a person. The model takes into account other variables that are relevant to the process and outcomes of the therapy: factors, related to the therapist and the client, as well as system regulations and therapeutic setting. The presented model may be helpful for mental health professionals in reflecting on their experiences of working with suicidal clients, describing the relevant topics and the way they relate to each other.
Robust functional multivariate analysis of variance with environmental applications
Authors: Qu Zhuo , Dai Wenlin , Genton Marc G.
Published: May 2020

We propose median polish for functional multivariate analysis of variance (FMANOVA) with the implementation of depth for multivariate functional data. As an alternative to classical mean estimation, functional median polish estimates the functional grand effect and factor effects based on functional medians in one‐way and two‐way additive FMANOVA models. Median polish estimates in FMANOVA are visually unbiased, independently of the choice of multivariate functional depth. The corresponding mean‐based and rank‐based tests are generalized to evaluate whether the functional medians in various levels of the factors are the same. Simulation studies illustrate the robustness of our functional median polish in various scenarios, compared with the results from classical FMANOVA fitted by means. The results are evaluated both marginally and jointly. Three environmental data sets are considered to illustrate that our median polish is robust against outliers in practical implementations. Functional boxplots and heat maps are two ways of visualizing the functional factors, depending on whether the functional data are curves or images, respectively.
The Effects of Soil Organic Carbon Content on Plant Uptake of Soil Perfluoro Alkyl Acids (PFAAs) and the Potential Regulatory Implications
Authors: Lasee Steven , Subbiah Seenivasan , Deb Sanjit , Karnjanapiboonwong Adcharee , Payton Paxton , Anderson Todd A.
Published: May 2020

Perfluoro alkyl acids (PFAAs) are known to bioconcentrate in plants grown in contaminated soils; the potential risk from consuming these plants is currently less understood. We determined that the current daily reference doses (RfDs) of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) could be met by consuming a single radish grown in soils with a perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentration of 9.7 ng/g or a perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentration of 90.5 ng/g. Using a combination of our own research and literature data on plant uptake of PFAAs from soil, we developed equations for predicting PFAA bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for plant shoot and root tissues grown in soils with a known percentage of organic carbon. This calculated BCF was then applied to 6 scenarios with measured soil PFAA concentrations to estimate PFAA concentrations in plants and potential exposure to humans and animals consuming harvested vegetation. Five of the 6 scenarios showed potential for surpassing USEPA PFAA RfDs at soil concentrations as low as 24 ng/g PFOA and 28 ng/g PFOS. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:832–845. © 2020 SETAC
A revised viscoelastic micropolar nanofluid model with motile micro‐organisms and variable thermal conductivity
Authors: Khan Sami Ullah , Bhatti Muhammad Mubashir , Riaz Arshad
Published: May 2020

In the present study, a magnetized micropolar nanofluid and motile micro‐organism with variable thermal conductivity over a moving surface have been discussed. The mathematical modeling has been formulated using a second‐grade fluid model and a revised form of the micropolar fluid model. The governing fluid contains micro‐organisms and nanoparticles. The resulting nonlinear mathematical differential equations have been solved with the help of the homotopy analysis method. The graphical and physical features of buoyancy force, micro‐organisms, magnetic field, microrotation, and variable thermal conductivity have been discussed in detail. The numerical results for Nusselt number, motile density number, and Sherwood number are presented with the help of tables. According to the graphical effects, it is noted that the buoyancy ratio and the bioconvection parameter resist the fluid motion. An enhancement in the temperature profile is observed due to the increment in thermal conductivity. Peclet number tends to diminish the motile density profile; however, the viscoelastic parameter magnifies the motile density profile.
Recent advancements in condensers to enhance the performance of solar still: A review
Authors: Panchal Hitesh , Mevada Dinesh , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar
Published: May 2020

Pure drinking water sources are continuously decreasing day by day in the world and in contrast requirement is continuously increasing. Solar still is a device, which converts the saline water into pure form at a lower cost and is useful in the remote areas. But its less productivity and low efficiency is a significant issue to use it as potable water provider. Solar still productivity can be increased by using flat plate collectors, fins, evacuated tubes, different absorbing, and nanomaterials, but the major problem on its productivity is heat loss from glass cover to the ambient. Condenser reduces the temperature of the water vapor and maintain the condensation to enhance the productivity. This review shows different modification in the design of condenser attached with solar still to enhance the yield. At last the future work on the condenser is also discussed here.
Psychological impact of COVID‐19 quarantine measures in northeastern Italy on mothers in the immediate postpartum period
Authors: Zanardo Vincenzo , Manghina Valeria , Giliberti Lara , Vettore Michela , Severino Lorenzo , Straface Gianluca
Published: May 2020

Objective

To explore whether quarantine measures and hospital containment policies among women giving birth in a COVID‐19 “hotspot” area in northeastern Italy enhanced psycho‐emotional distress in the immediate postpartum period.

Methods

We designed a non‐concurrent case–control study of mothers who gave birth during a COVID‐19 quarantine period between March 8 and May 3, 2020 (COVID‐19 study group), with an antecedent group of matched postpartum women (control group) who delivered in the same period in 2019. Participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) on the second day postpartum.

Results

The COVID‐19 study group (n=91) had significantly higher mean EPDS scores compared with the control group (n=101) (8.5 ± 4.6 vs 6.34 ± 4.1;P<0.001). Furthermore, 28.6% of women in the COVID‐19 group had a global EPDS score above 12. Analysis of three EPDS subscales revealed significantly higher scores among the COVID‐19 group compared with the control group for anhedonia (0.60 ± 0.61 vs 0.19 ± 0.36;P<0.001) and depression (0.58 ± 0.54 vs 0.35 ± 0.45;P=0.001).

Conclusions

Concerns about risk of exposure to COVID‐19, combined with quarantine measures adopted during the COVID‐19 pandemic, adversely affected the thoughts and emotions of new mothers, worsening depressive symptoms.
Pretreatment with Retro‐2 protects cells from death caused by ricin toxin by retaining the capacity of protein synthesis
Authors: Jiao Zhouguang , Ke Yuehua , Li Sha , Su Duo , Gan Changjiao , Hu Lingfei , Zhao Xiaodong , Gao Bo , Song Yajun , Zhou Dongsheng , Qiu Yefeng , Yang Huiying
Published: May 2020

The current study explores the detoxification effect of Retro‐2 on ricin toxin (RT) cytotoxicity, as well as the mechanisms underlying such effects, to provide a basis for follow‐up clinical applications of Retro‐2. The mouse‐derived mononuclear/macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, was used to evaluate the detoxification effect of Retro‐2 on RT by detecting cell viability, capacity for protein synthesis and the expression of cytokines, as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)‐related mRNA. The results indicated that many cells died when challenged with concentrations of RT ≥50ng/mL. The protein synthesis capacity of cells decreased when challenged with 200ng/mL RT for 2hours. Furthermore, the synthesis and release of many cytokines decreased, while the expression of cytokines or ERS‐related mRNA increased when challenged with 200ng/mL of RT for 12 or more hours. However, cell viability, capacity for protein synthesis and release levels of many cytokines were higher, while the expression levels of cytokine, or ERS‐related mRNA, were lower in cells pretreated with 20μm Retro‐2 and challenged with RT, compared with those that had not been pretreated with Retro‐2. In conclusion, Retro‐2 retained the capacity for protein synthesis inhibited by RT, alleviated ERS induced by RT and increased the viability of cells challenged with RT. Retro‐2 shows the potential for clinical applications.
In vivo detection of human cutaneous beta‐carotene using computational optical clearing
Authors: Morovati Armin , Ansari Mohammad Ali , Tuchin Valery V.
Published: May 2020

The content of dermal beta‐carotene can be a good indicator showing the body health. Because, it is involved in production of vitamin A maintaining healthy skin and mucous membranes. Also, it reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases and its antioxidant capacity prevents the formation of cancerous cells. In this work, we use Raman spectroscopy and a low‐cost diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to detect the dermal beta‐carotene spectra. We apply computational optical clearing (OC) method to in vivo evaluation the concentration of this chromophore. The results show that Raman spectroscopy is a good tool for in vitro detection of carotenoids but is not able to clearly discriminate the individual carotenoids in skin tissue in vivo. The results also show that using OC enhances the ability of low‐cost diffuse reflection spectroscopy for in vivo detection of dermal beta‐carotene in humans. This method can be used as a low‐cost and portable device to screening the concentration of chromophores such as melanin and carotenoid molecules for oncological studies.
Fabrication and in vitro evaluation of 3D composite scaffold based on collagen/hyaluronic acid sponge and electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Entekhabi Elahe , Haghbin Nazarpak Masoumeh , Shafieian Mehdi , Mohammadi Haniye , Firouzi Masoumeh , Hassannejad Zahra
Published: June 2020

Replacement of peripheral nerve autografts with tissue engineered nerve grafts will potentially resolve the lack of nerve tissue especially in patients with severe concomitant soft tissue injuries. This study attempted to fabricate a tissue engineered nerve graft composed of electrospun PCL conduit filled with collagen‐hyaluronic acid (COL‐HA) sponge with different COL‐HA weight ratios including 100:0, 98:2, 95:5 and 90:10. The effect of HA addition on the sponge porosity, mechanical properties, water absorption and degradation rate was assessed. A good cohesion between the electrospun PCL nanofibers and COL‐HA sponges were seen in all sponges with different HA contents. Mechanical properties of PCL nanofibrous layer were similar to the rat sciatic nerve; the ultimate tensile strength was 2.23 ± 0.35 MPa at the elongation of 35%. Additionally, Schwann cell proliferation and morphology on three dimensional (3D) composite scaffold were evaluated by using MTT and SEM assays, respectively. Rising the HA content resulted in higher water absorption as well as greater pore size and porosity, while a decrease in Schwann cell proliferation compared to pure collagen sponge, although reduction in cell proliferation was not statistically significant. The lower Schwann cell proliferation on the COL‐HA was attributed to the greater degradation rate and pore size of the COL‐HA sponges. Also, dorsal root ganglion assay showed that the engineered 3D construct significantly increases axon growth. Taken together, these results suggest that the fabricated 3D composite scaffold provide a permissive environment for Schwann cells proliferation and maturation and can encourage axon growth.
CD68+ macrophages as crucial components of the foreign body reaction demonstrate an unconventional pattern of functional markers quantified by analysis with double fluorescence staining
Authors: Klinge Uwe , Dievernich Axel , Tolba Rene , Klosterhalfen Bernd , Davies Luke
Published: May 2020

Implants like meshes for the reinforcement of tissues implement the formation of a persistent inflammation with an ambient fibrotic reaction. In the inflammatory infiltrate several distinct cell types have been identified, but CD68+ macrophages are supposed to be most important. To investigate the collaboration among the various cell types within the infiltrate we performed at explanted meshes from humans double fluorescence staining with CD68 as a constant marker and a variety of other antibodies as the second marker. The list of second markers includes lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD56, FoxP3, and CD11b) stem cells (CD34), leucocytes (CD45, CD15), macrophages (CD86, CD105, CD163, and CD206); deposition of EC matrix (collagen‐I, collagen‐III, MMP2, and MMP8); Ki67 as a marker for proliferation; and the tyrosine‐protein kinase receptor AXL. The present study demonstrates within the inflammatory infiltrate the abundant capability of CD68+ cells to co‐express a huge variety of other markers, including those of lymphocytes, varying between 5 and 83% of investigated cells. The observation of co‐staining was not restricted to a specific polymer but was seen with polypropylene fibers as well as with fibers made of polyvinylidene fluoride, although with differences in co‐expression rates. The persisting variability of these cells without the functional reduction toward differentiated mature cell types may favor the lack of healing at the interface of meshes.
Employee stock ownership and cost of capital: Evidence from the S&P 500
Authors: Campa Domenico , Kern Alexander
Published: June 2020

This article investigates whether the presence of employee stock ownership (ESO) is associated with a firm's cost of capital. Based on all of the S&P 500 firms, we find that ESO decreases the overall cost of capital in entities by reducing their cost of debt. In contrast, we find no strong relationship between ESO and the cost of equity. We also show that ESO provides a company with immunity to changes in the cost of capital observed during financial crises. We conclude that external providers of funds associate ESO with a lower financial risk, and that equity investors balance the positive effects of ESO, such as increased employee motivation and commitment, with the negative effects arising from management entrenchment and dilution in property rights. Overall, we show that ESO reduces a firm's perceived financial risk. Our results also encourage managers to involve their employees in the life of the business by granting them company shares.
Cre/loxP approach‐mediated downregulation of Pik3c3 inhibits the hypertrophic growth of renal proximal tubule cells
Authors: Liu Ting , Yuan Jialing , Dai Caihong , Xu Jinxian , Li Shude , Humphreys Benjamin D. , Kleven Daniel T. , Chen Jian‐Kang
Published: May 2020

Nephron loss stimulates residual functioning nephrons to undergo compensatory growth. Excessive nephron growth may be a maladaptive response that sets the stage for progressive nephron damage, leading to kidney failure. To date, however, the mechanism of nephron growth remains incompletely understood. Our previous study revealed that class III phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (Pik3c3) is activated in the remaining kidney after unilateral nephrectomy (UNX)‐induced nephron loss, but previous studies failed to generate a Pik3c3 gene knockout animal model. Global Pik3c3 deletion results in embryonic lethality. Given that renal proximal tubule cells make up the bulk of the kidney and undergo the most prominent hypertrophic growth after UNX, in this study we used Cre‐loxP‐based approaches to demonstrate for the first time that tamoxifen‐inducible SLC34a1 promoter‐driven CreERT2 recombinase‐mediated downregulation of Pik3c3 expression in renal proximal tubule cells alone is sufficient to inhibit UNX‐ or amino acid‐induced hypertrophic nephron growth. Furthermore, our mechanistic studies unveiled that the SLC34a1‐CreERT2 recombinase‐mediated Pik3c3 downregulation inhibited UNX‐ or amino acid‐stimulated lysosomal localization and signaling activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in the renal proximal tubules. Moreover, our additional cell culture experiments using RNAi confirmed that knocking down Pik3c3 expression inhibited amino acid‐stimulated mTORC1 signaling and blunted cellular growth in primary cultures of renal proximal tubule cells. Together, both our in vivo and in vitro experimental results indicate that Pik3c3 is a major mechanistic mediator responsible for sensing amino acid availability and initiating hypertrophic growth of renal proximal tubule cells by activation of the mTORC1–S6K1–rpS6 signaling pathway.
Mechanism underlying the regulation of sortilin expression and its trafficking function
Authors: Ouyang Shuhui , Jia Bo , Xie Wei , Yang Jing , Lv Yuncheng
Published: May 2020

This review summarizes and analyzes the updated information on the regulation of sortilin expression and its trafficking function. Evidence indicates that the expression and function of sortilin are closely regulated at four levels: DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), protein, and trafficking function. DNA methylation, several mutations, and minor single‐nucleotide polymorphisms within DNA fragments affect the expression of SORT1 gene. A few transcription factors and microRNAs modulate its transcription as well as the splicing or stability of the mRNA. Moreover, several translation factors control the synthesis of sortilin protein, and posttranslational modifications affect its degradation processes. Multiple adaptor molecules modulate the sortilin trafficking function in the anterograde or retrograde pathway. Recent advances in the regulation of sortilin expression and function, and its related mechanisms will help the ongoing research related to sortilin and promote future clinical application via sortilin intervention.
Delayed acute pancreatitis induced by nilotinib in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia attaining sustained complete molecular response
Authors: Wang Shifang , Desikan Sai Prasad , Jeffrey Jay , McClain Charles , Desikan Raman
Published: May 2020

Advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have revolutionized therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia. Imatinib was the first agent utilized in the therapy of CML. Nilotinib, a second generation TKI, results in an increase in number of patients achieving major molecular response at an earlier time point. Asymptomatic elevations in pancreatic enzyme is common and acute pancreatitis within weeks to months from start of therapy has been observed. Delayed onset pancreatitis has not been reported. We report a case of delayed onset pancreatitis in a patient with sustained complete molecular response. On account of the deep response, we were able to avoid starting alternate tyrosine kinase inhibitors that could also result in pancreatitis as a class effect.
Soft tissue healing around platform‐switching and platform‐matching single implants: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cheng Guo‐Liang , Leblebicioglu Binnaz , Li Jianrong , Chien Hua‐Hong
Published: May 2020

Background

Implants with platform‐switching (PS) design have been demonstrated to reduce marginal bone loss. However, the influence on peri‐implant soft tissue healing is unclear. This study was designed to investigate its effect on peri‐implant soft tissue healing after implant uncovery.

Methods

Non‐smokers needing two implants in different quadrants were recruited in this study. For each individual, one PS and one platform‐matching (PM) implants were placed using two‐stage protocol. Following 2 to 8 months of healing, all implants were uncovered and connected to the corresponding healing abutments. Clinical measurements and peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) were taken at 1‐, 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐week after 2nd stage surgery. The cytokine concentrations in PICF were analyzed. Peri‐implant mucosa (1 × 2 × 2 mm) was harvested around the healing abutment for the analysis of gene expression at uncovery and 6‐week post‐uncovery.

Results

Eighteen participants (nine males; 51.7 ± 14.9 years) were recruited. Compared to PM, PS showed significantly lower probing depth (PD) at 1‐ and 2‐week as well as modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI) at 1‐, 4‐, and 6‐week (P < 0.05). Over time, a decrease in osteoprotegerin and interleukin‐1β concentrations in PICF along with an increase in receptor activator of unclear factor kappa‐B ligand, periostin, and peroxidasin gene expressions in peri‐implant mucosa were noted within both groups (P < 0.05) without significant intergroup differences.

Conclusion

Within the limits, implants with PS design rendered significant benefits over PM design in PD and mSBI reduction during a 6‐week healing. However, molecular changes within PICF and peri‐implant mucosa as a response to PM and PS appear negligible.
Contribution of autochthonous yeasts with probiotic potential to the aroma profile of fermented Guajillo pepper sauce
Authors: Lara‐Hidalgo Carlos , Belloch Carmela , Dorantes‐Alvarez Lidia , Flores Mónica
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Three yeast strains with probiotic potential, Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Pichia kudriavzevii, and Wickerhamomyces anomalus were inoculated in the fermentation of Guajillo chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) sauce, and the different aroma profiles were investigated. Using headspace solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS) analysis and gas chromatography‐olfactometry (GCO), flavour compound production was evaluated during the fermentation of the Guajillo chilli pepper sauces.

RESULTS

A total of 78 volatile compounds were identified during the yeast fermentation of the sauce. Most aldehydes and terpenes detected were present at the beginning of the fermentation, indicating a Guajillo chilli pepper origin. Among the 34 active aroma compounds detected by GCO, propanoic acid (cheesy), 3‐methylbutanoic acid (sharp, cheese), ethyl 2‐methylbutanoate (fruity), and 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one (strong, citrus) were identified as key aroma contributors produced by the inoculation of the yeasts. A different aroma profile was produced by probiotic yeast. Hanseniaspora opuntiae produced an aroma profile with herbal and green notes based on high production of aldehydes, ketones, and acetic acid. Pichia kudriavzevii and W. anomalus produced fruity, green‐herbal, and cheesy notes based on ester compounds, alcohol and branched‐chain acids production although, the production of propanoic acid by W. anomalus increased the cheesy character in the sauces.

CONCLUSION

The aroma profile of fermented chilli pepper sauces depends not only on the chili pepper varieties used but also on the fermentation process as a source of aroma compounds. The use of probiotic yeast can be used to improve and diversify the aroma profile of fermented chilli pepper sauces. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Risk‐stratified analysis of pasireotide for patients undergoing pancreatectomy
Authors: Peng June S. , Joyce Daniel , Brady Maureen , Groman Adrienne , Attwood Kristopher , Kuvshinoff Boris , Hochwald Steven N. , Kukar Moshim
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives

Pasireotide was shown in a randomized trial to decrease the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). However, retrospective series from other centers have failed to confirm these results.

Methods

Patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy between January 2014 and February 2019 were included. Patients treated after November 2016 routinely received pasireotide and were compared to a retrospective cohort. Multivariate analysis was performed for the outcome of clinically relevant POPF (CR‐POPF), with stratification by fistula risk score (FRS).

Results

Ninety‐nine of 300 patients received pasireotide. The distribution of high, intermediate, low, and negligible risk patients by FRS was comparable (P = .487). There were similar rates of CR‐POPF (19.2% pasireotide vs 14.9% control, P = .347) and percutaneous drainage (12.1% vs 10.0%, P = .567), with greater median number of drain days in the pasireotide group (6 vs 4 days, P < .001). Multivariate modeling for CR‐POPF showed no correlation with operation or pasireotide use. Adjustment with propensity weighted models for high (OR, 1.02, 95% CI, 0.45‐2.29) and intermediate (OR, 1.02, CI, 0.57‐1.81) risk groups showed no correlation of pasireotide with reduction in CR‐POPF.

Conclusions

Pasireotide administration after pancreatectomy was not associated with a decrease in CR‐POPF, even when patients were stratified by FRS.
Does the mutual recognition agreement on nursing services accelerate nurse migration in member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations?
Authors: Kyoko Sudo , Naruse Kazuko , Puangrat Boonyanurak
Published: May 2020

Aim

To clarify the situations of nursing education and activity, its affecting factors and the nursing educators’ views on nurse migration relating Mutual Recognition Agreement on Nursing Services in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Design: Descriptive qualitative research.

Methods

The individual semi‐structured interviews with 11 nursing educators, analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Nursing educators acknowledged that the change in nursing was mainly due to the creation and amendment of laws, acts and regulations regarding nursing and improvements in nursing education systems. Some of these improvements occurred by this mutual agreement. The conceptualization of the progress indicated an improvement in the quality of nursing. Nurse migration to the outside of Southeast Asian countries might be accelerated due to concurrent improvements in the quality of nursing. New trends among nurses working as caregivers in surrounding countries such as China, South Korea and Japan to deal with demographic ageing should be considered.
Geographic and Longitudinal Trends in Media Framing of Obesity in the United States
Authors: Chiang Jonathan , Arons Abigail , Pomeranz Jennifer L. , Siddiqi Arjumand , Hamad Rita
Published: May 2020

Objective

The media’s framing of public health issues is closely linked to public opinion on these issues and support for interventions to address them. This study characterized geographic and temporal variation in the US media’s framing of obesity across states from 2006 to 2015.

Methods

Newspaper articles that mentioned the term obesity were drawn from Access World News (NewsBank, Inc., Naples, Florida), a comprehensive online database (N = 364,288). This study employed automated content analysis, a machine learning technique, to categorize articles as (1) attributing obesity to individual‐level causes (e.g., lifestyle behaviors), (2) attributing obesity to environmental/systemic causes (e.g., neighborhood walkability), (3) attributing obesity to both individual‐level causes and environmental/systemic causes, or (4) articles without any such attribution framework.

Results

Nationwide across all years, a higher proportion of articles focused on individual‐level attribution of obesity than environmental‐level attribution or both. Missouri and Idaho had the highest proportions of articles with an individual framework, and Nevada, Arkansas, and Wisconsin had the highest proportions of articles with an environmental framework.

Conclusions

This analysis demonstrates that US media sources heavily focus on an individual framing of obesity, which may be informing public perceptions of obesity. By highlighting differences in obesity media portrayal, this study could inform research to understand why particular states represent outliers and how this may affect obesity policy making.
Bupivacaine‐loaded chitosan hydrogels for topical anesthesia in dentistry
Authors: Mihalache Cristian , Rata Delia M , Cadinoiu Anca N , Patras Xenia , Sindilar Eusebiu V , Bacaita Simona E , Popa Marcel , Atanase Leonard I , Daraba Oana M
Published: May 2020

The paper describes the preparation of polymeric hydrogels, loaded with bupivacaine, which could represent a good alternative in clinical dentistry as local anesthetics. The hydrogels were prepared by condensation using an amidation reaction between a natural polymer (chitosan) and a synthetic one, poly[(maleic anhydride)‐alt‐(vinyl acetate)]. Infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed crosslinking through the presence of amide bonds, formed between the two types of polymer chains. Scanning electron microscopy results demonstrated that the hydrogels have a porous structure, the pore dimensions being non‐uniform with diameters between 200 and 600 μm. Hydrogels presented good bupivacaine inclusion and release capacity whereas theoretical analysis confirmed the validity of the generalized fractal model, reinforcing a csavi‐universal pattern of drug release. Cytotoxicity tests on human dermal fibroblasts revealed that the obtained hydrogels are not cytotoxic. In vivo, the bupivacaine‐loaded hydrogels presented anesthetic effects after 15 min and no side effects were observed. This system has the advantage of alleviating or eliminating pain associated with invasive procedures and avoiding direct contact of the drug with tissues, leading thus to the prevention of side effects. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
What can digitisation do for formulated product innovation and development?
Authors: McDonagh James L , Swope William C , Anderson Richard L , Johnston Michael A , Bray David J
Published: May 2020

Digitisation offers significant opportunities for the formulated product industry to transform the way it works. Recent developments in the fields of artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics and high performance computing present disruptive and transformative methods to accelerate the R&D process. These methods include physics‐based chemical simulation, data driven models and hybrid approaches, each of which has been shown to provide new physical and chemical insights that can augment experimental R&D. However, successfully exploiting these technologies in R&D organisations at scale is challenging due to the high level of domain specialisation required and the need for novel models for the formulation domain. In this paper we give an overview of some of the digital technology demonstrators we have developed for formulated product R&D. These demonstrators focus on computational modelling methods. In particular we discuss how we tackled the issue of domain specialisation and the challenges we encountered in creating accurate models for formulation problems. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Retrieval of germinal zone neural stem cells from the cerebrospinal fluid of premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: Fernández-Muñoz Beatriz , Rosell-Valle Cristina , Ferrari Daniela , Alba-Amador Julia , Montiel Miguel Ángel , Campos-Cuerva Rafael , Lopez-Navas Luis , Muñoz-Escalona María , Martín-López María , Profico Daniela Celeste , Blanco Manuel Francisco , Giorgetti Alessandra , González-Muñoz Elena , Márquez-Rivas Javier , Sanchez-Pernaute Rosario
Published: May 2020

Intraventricular hemorrhage is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. The rupture of the germinal zone into the ventricles entails loss of neural stem cells and disturbs the normal cytoarchitecture of the region, compromising late neurogliogenesis. Here we demonstrate that neural stem cells can be easily and robustly isolated from the hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid obtained during therapeutic neuroendoscopic lavage in preterm infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage. Our analyses demonstrate that these neural stem cells, although similar to human fetal cell lines, display distinctive hallmarks related to their regional and developmental origin in the germinal zone of the ventral forebrain, the ganglionic eminences that give rise to interneurons and oligodendrocytes. These cells can be expanded, cryopreserved, and differentiated in vitro and in vivo in the brain of nude mice and show no sign of tumoral transformation 6 months after transplantation. This novel class of neural stem cells poses no ethical concerns, as the fluid is usually discarded, and could be useful for the development of an autologous therapy for preterm infants, aiming to restore late neurogliogenesis and attenuate neurocognitive deficits. Furthermore, these cells represent a valuable tool for the study of the final stages of human brain development and germinal zone biology.

Significance statement Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), occurring in 15% to 40% of preterm births, is frequently associated with long-term neurological deficits. The rupture of the proliferative germinal zone in IVH disturbs late neuronal, ependymal, and glio-genesis. Using a minimally invasive neuroendoscopic procedure, neural stem cells can be retrieved from the cerebrospinal fluid, which can be expanded, cryopreserved, and differentiated in vitro and in vivo, and are not tumorigenic. These cells display distinct hallmarks related to their origin in the germinal zone of the ventral forebrain and could be useful for the development of an autologous cell therapy aiming to attenuate neurocognitive sequelae.
Effects of Distributed Retrieval Practice Over a Semester: Cumulative Tests as a Way to Facilitate Second Language Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Nakata Tatsuya , Tada Saori , Mclean Stuart , Kim Young Ae
Published: May 2020

Research suggests that testing (or retrieval) has the potential to enhance second language (L2) vocabulary learning. Given the positive effects of testing, how L2 vocabulary learning from tests can be optimized is an important question. One way to increase the benefits of testing may be to use cumulative tests, where not only recently studied but also previously studied materials are tested. This research compared the effects of cumulative and noncumulative quizzes on L2 vocabulary learning. Seventy‐two Japanese university students were randomly assigned to the cumulative or noncumulative group and studied 80 low‐frequency English vocabulary items over nine weekly classes. In both groups, participants were introduced to 10 target items in each class and completed a vocabulary quiz in the following class. In the noncumulative group, the 10 items introduced in the previous class appeared in vocabulary quizzes in the following class. In the cumulative group, not only target items introduced in the previous class but also items introduced in earlier classes were tested. Posttest results demonstrate that the cumulative tests may be twice (receptive) or three times (productive) more effective than noncumulative tests. The findings suggest that vocabulary learning can be improved significantly by making simple changes to vocabulary quizzes.
Evaluating tannery wastewater treatment performance based on physicochemical and microbiological characteristics: An Ethiopian case study
Authors: Abate Tesfaye Admassu , Desta Adey F. , Love Nancy G.
Published: May 2020

Tanneries are an important industrial sector in Ethiopia; consequently, gaps in wastewater treatment process performance need to be identified as the country increases its emphasis on compliance. A case study was conducted to evaluate physicochemical and microbial water quality at a tannery near Addis Ababa. The treatment process was designed for the following: sulfide oxidation; biological oxygen demand reduction; and chromium removal. While some of Ethiopia's standards for industrial wastewater treatment were met through treatment, effluent COD, sulfide, total nitrogen, and total chromium guidelines were not. 16S rRNA gene analysis was used to evaluate the microbial community composition across the treatment train. The results show that common ruminant phyla were dominant throughout, with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes comprising 77% to 82% relative abundance. The Firmicutes Clostridium increased consistently in relative abundance with treatment, comprising 39% to 61% of the total bacterial community in the effluent. Improved treatment is needed to meet environmental and public health goals.

Practitioner Points

Case Study of tannery wastewater treatment in Ethiopia shows ineffective treatment of chemical pollutants.

Microbiological pollutants from tannery wastewater systems can introduce agents of importance to public health

The microbiological composition of tannery influent, mixed liquor and effluent contains mostly four bacterial phyla lead by Firmicutes.

Most pathogenic bacterial genera found in the tannery wastewater treatment system became a decreasing percentage of the total population.

Clostridium comprises up to 61% of the effluent bacterial population and deserves further evaluation to better understand the consequences of its dominance.