bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct patterns of brain activity mediate perceptual and motor and autonomic responses to noxious stimuli
Authors: Tiemann Laura , Hohn Vanessa D. , Ta Dinh Son , May Elisabeth S. , Nickel Moritz M. , Gross Joachim , Ploner Markus
Published: October 2018

Pain is a complex phenomenon involving perceptual, motor, and autonomic responses, but how the brain translates noxious stimuli into these different dimensions of pain is unclear. Here, we assessed perceptual, motor, and autonomic responses to brief noxious heat stimuli and recorded brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG) in humans. Multilevel mediation analysis reveals that each pain dimension is subserved by a distinct pattern of EEG responses and, conversely, that each EEG response differentially contributes to the different dimensions of pain. In particular, the translation of noxious stimuli into autonomic and motor responses involved the earliest N1 wave, whereas pain perception was mediated by later N2 and P2 waves. Gamma oscillations mediated motor responses rather than pain perception. These findings represent progress towards a mechanistic understanding of the brain processes translating noxious stimuli into pain and suggest that perceptual, motor, and autonomic dimensions of pain are partially independent rather than serial processes.
High-energy-density dual-ion battery for stationary storage of electricity using concentrated potassium fluorosulfonylimide
Authors: Kravchyk Kostiantyn V. , Bhauriyal Preeti , Piveteau Laura , Guntlin Christoph P. , Pathak Biswarup , Kovalenko Maksym V.
Published: October 2018

Graphite dual-ion batteries represent a potential battery concept for large-scale stationary storage of electricity, especially when constructed free of lithium and other chemical elements with limited natural reserves. Owing to their non-rocking-chair operation mechanism, however, the practical deployment of graphite dual-ion batteries is inherently limited by the need for large quantities of electrolyte solutions as reservoirs of all ions that are needed for complete charge and discharge of the electrodes. Thus far, lithium-free graphite dual-ion batteries have employed moderately concentrated electrolyte solutions (0.3–1 M), resulting in rather low cell-level energy densities of 20–70 Wh kg−1. In this work, we present a lithium-free graphite dual-ion battery utilizing a highly concentrated electrolyte solution of 5 M potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in alkyl carbonates. The resultant battery offers an energy density of 207 Wh kg−1, along with a high energy efficiency of 89% and an average discharge voltage of 4.7 V.
The gut microbiota in infants of obese mothers increases inflammation and susceptibility to NAFLD
Authors: Soderborg Taylor K. , Clark Sarah E. , Mulligan Christopher E. , Janssen Rachel C. , Babcock Lyndsey , Ir Diana , Young Bridget , Krebs Nancy , Lemas Dominick J. , Johnson Linda K. , Weir Tiffany , Lenz Laurel L. , Frank Daniel N. , Hernandez Teri L. , Kuhn Kristine A. , D’Alessandro Angelo , Barbour Linda A. , El Kasmi Karim C. , Friedman Jacob E.
Published: October 2018

Maternal obesity is associated with increased risk for offspring obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the causal drivers of this association are unclear. Early colonization of the infant gut by microbes plays a critical role in establishing immunity and metabolic function. Here, we compare germ-free mice colonized with stool microbes (MB) from 2-week-old infants born to obese (Inf-ObMB) or normal-weight (Inf-NWMB) mothers. Inf-ObMB-colonized mice demonstrate increased hepatic gene expression for endoplasmic reticulum stress and innate immunity together with histological signs of periportal inflammation, a histological pattern more commonly reported in pediatric cases of NAFLD. Inf-ObMB mice show increased intestinal permeability, reduced macrophage phagocytosis, and dampened cytokine production suggestive of impaired macrophage function. Furthermore, exposure to a Western-style diet in Inf-ObMB mice promotes excess weight gain and accelerates NAFLD. Overall, these results provide functional evidence supporting a causative role of maternal obesity-associated infant dysbiosis in childhood obesity and NAFLD.
Mass spectrometry and Monte Carlo method mapping of nanoparticle ligand shell morphology
Authors: Luo Zhi , Zhao Yanfei , Darwish Tamim , Wang Yue , Hou Jing , Stellacci Francesco
Published: October 2018

Janus, patchy, stripe-like, or random arrangements of molecules within the ligand shell of nanoparticles affect many properties. Among all existing ligand shell morphology characterization methods, the one based on mass spectroscopy is arguably the simplest. Its greatest limitation is that the results are qualitative. Here, we use a tailor-made Monte Carlo type program that fits the whole MALDI spectrum and generates a 3D model of the ligand shell. Quantitative description of the ligand shell in terms of nearest neighbor distribution and characteristic length scale can be readily extracted by the model, and are compared with the results of other characterization methods. A parameter related to the intermolecular interaction is extracted when this method is combined with NMR. This approach could become the routine method to characterize the ligand shell morphology of many nanoparticles and we provide an open access program to facilitate its use.
Designing soft materials with interfacial instabilities in liquid films
Authors: Marthelot J. , Strong E. F. , Reis P. M. , Brun P.-T.
Published: October 2018

Natural soft materials harness hierarchy and structures at all scales to build function. Adapting this paradigm to our technological needs, from mechanical, phononic and photonic metamaterials to functional surfaces prompts the development of new fabrication pathways with improved scalability, design flexibility and robustness. Here we show that the inherent periodicity of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability in thin polymeric liquid films can be harnessed to spontaneously fabricate structured materials. The fluidic instability yields pendant drops lattices, which become solid upon curing of the polymer, thereby permanently sculpting the interface of the material. We solve the inverse design problem, taming the instability, so that the structures we form can be tailored, over a range of sizes spanning over two decades. This all-in-one methodology could potentially be extended down to the scales where continuum mechanics breaks down, while remaining scalable.
All-optical nonequilibrium pathway to stabilising magnetic Weyl semimetals in pyrochlore iridates
Authors: Topp Gabriel E. , Tancogne-Dejean Nicolas , Kemper Alexander F. , Rubio Angel , Sentef Michael A.
Published: October 2018

Nonequilibrium many-body dynamics is becoming a central topic in condensed matter physics. Floquet topological states were suggested to emerge in photodressed bands under periodic laser driving. Here we propose a viable nonequilibrium route without requiring coherent Floquet states to reach the elusive magnetic Weyl semimetallic phase in pyrochlore iridates by ultrafast modification of the effective electron-electron interaction with short laser pulses. Combining ab initio calculations for a time-dependent self-consistent light-reduced Hubbard U and nonequilibrium magnetism simulations for quantum quenches, we find dynamically modified magnetic order giving rise to transiently emerging Weyl cones that can be probed by time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our work offers a unique and realistic pathway for nonequilibrium materials engineering beyond Floquet physics to create and sustain Weyl semimetals. This may lead to ultrafast, tens-of-femtoseconds switching protocols for light-engineered Berry curvature in combination with ultrafast magnetism.
The transcription factor Foxp1 preserves integrity of an active Foxp3 locus in extrathymic Treg cells
Authors: Ghosh Sayantani , Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita , Kang Keunsoo , Im Sin-Hyeog , Rudra Dipayan
Published: October 2018

Regulatory T (Treg) cells, which are broadly classified as thymically derived (tTreg) or extrathymically induced (iTreg), suppress immune responses and display stringent dependence to the transcription factor Foxp3. However precise understanding of molecular events that promote and preserve Foxp3 expression in Treg cells is still evolving. Here we show that Foxp1, a forkhead transcription factor and a sibling family member of Foxp3, is essential for sustaining optimal expression of Foxp3 specifically in iTreg cells. Deletion of Foxp1 renders iTreg cells to gradually lose Foxp3, resulting in dramatically reduced Nrp1−Helios− iTreg compartment as well as augmented intestinal inflammation in aged mice. Our finding underscores a mechanistic module in which evolutionarily related transcription factors establish a molecular program to ensure efficient immune homeostasis. Furthermore, it provides a novel target that can be potentially modulated to exclusively reinforce iTreg stability keeping their thymic counterpart unperturbed.
Author Correction: Rare variants in drug target genes contributing to complex diseases, phenome-wide
Authors: Verma Shefali Setia , Josyula Navya , Verma Anurag , Zhang Xinyuan , Veturi Yogasudha , Dewey Frederick E. , Hartzel Dustin N. , Lavage Daniel R. , Leader Joe , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Pendergrass Sarah A.
Published: October 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Retraction Note: Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein (ox-LDL) Cholesterol Induces the Expression of miRNA-223 and L-type Calcium Channel Protein in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: He Fengping , Xu Xin , Yuan Shuguo , Tan Liangqiu , Gao Lingjun , Ma Shaochun , Zhang Shebin , Ma Zhanzhong , Jiang Wei , Liu Fenglian , Chen Baofeng , Zhang Beibei , Pang Jungang , Huang Xiuyan , Weng Jiaqiang
Published: October 2018

This Article has been retracted.
Author Correction: Kondo-like transport and magnetic field effect of charge carrier fluctuations in granular aluminum oxide thin films
Authors: Barone C. , Rotzinger H. , Mauro C. , Dorer D. , Münzberg J. , Ustinov A. V. , Pagano S.
Published: October 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Cathelicidin-OA1, a novel antioxidant peptide identified from an amphibian, accelerates skin wound healing
Authors: Cao Xiaoqing , Wang Ying , Wu Chunyun , Li Xiaojie , Fu Zhe , Yang Meifeng , Bian Wenxin , Wang Siyuan , Song Yongli , Tang Jing , Yang Xinwang
Published: October 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Pathogen Identification Direct From Polymicrobial Specimens Using Membrane Glycolipids
Authors: Fondrie William E. , Liang Tao , Oyler Benjamin L. , Leung Lisa M. , Ernst Robert K. , Strickland Dudley K. , Goodlett David R.
Published: October 2018

With the increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, the use of colistin and other last-line antimicrobials is being revisited clinically. As a result, there has been an emergence of colistin-resistant bacterial species, including Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The rapid identification of such pathogens is vitally important for the effective treatment of patients. We previously demonstrated that mass spectrometry of bacterial glycolipids has the capacity to identify and detect colistin resistance in a variety of bacterial species. In this study, we present a machine learning paradigm that is capable of identifying A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae and their colistin-resistant forms using a manually curated dataset of lipid mass spectra from 48 additional Gram-positive and -negative organisms. We demonstrate that these classifiers detect A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae in isolate and polymicrobial specimens, establishing a framework to translate glycolipid mass spectra into pathogen identifications.
3-D spatial floating display using multi-wavelength integral photography
Authors: Fan Zhencheng , Xia Yan , Liao Hongen
Published: October 2018

Three-dimensional (3-D) autostereoscopic display with dedicated multiple spatial information under corresponding illumination is critical, especially for anti-counterfeiting, entertainment, etc. In this paper, we propose a 3-D spatial floating display using multi-wavelength integral photography (IP). Using dedicated inkjet printer and refraction-based IP algorithm, a complex two-dimensional (2-D) elemental image array (EIA) can be printed for both fluorescent and normal 3-D autostereoscopic display. With a micro-convex lens array (MLA) and a medium attached on the EIA, normal 3-D images are reconstructed under visible light, while fluorescent 3-D images can be reconstructed under ultraviolet (UV) light. Moreover, to provide comfortable 3-D images with multiple information in space, a feasible 3-D spatial floating display system is also proposed considering the spatial position of the observer with less UV radiation. The proposed method takes the wavelength of 3-D display into consideration to provide spatial multi-information, and can be applied for media, entertainment, etc. Experimental results verified the availability of the proposed method.
Neural dynamics of verbal working memory in auditory description naming
Authors: Kambara Toshimune , Brown Erik C. , Silverstein Brian H. , Nakai Yasuo , Asano Eishi
Published: October 2018

Auditory naming is suggested to require verbal working memory (WM) operations in addition to speech sound perception during the sentence listening period and semantic/syntactic processing during the subsequent judgement period. We attempted to dissect cortical activations attributable to verbal WM from those otherwise involved in answering auditory sentence questions. We studied 19 patients who underwent electrocorticography recordings and measured high-gamma activity during auditory naming and WM tasks. In the auditory naming task, inferior-precentral high-gamma activity was augmented during sentence listening, and the magnitude of augmentation was independently correlated to that during the WM task maintenance period as well as patient age. High-gamma augmentation during the WM task scanning period accounted for high-gamma variance during the naming task judgement period in some of the left frontal association neocortex regions (most significantly in the middle-frontal, less in the inferior-frontal, and least in the orbitofrontal gyrus). Inferior-frontal high-gamma augmentation was left-hemispheric dominant during naming task judgement but rather symmetric during WM scanning. Left orbitofrontal high-gamma augmentation was evident only during the naming task judgement period but minimal during the WM task scanning period. The inferior-precentral regions may exert WM maintenance during sentence listening, and such maintenance function may be gradually strengthened as the brain matures. The left frontal association neocortex may have a dorsal-to-ventral gradient in functional roles during naming task judgement. Namely, left middle-frontal activation may be well-attributable to WM scanning function, whereas left orbitofrontal activation may be attributable less to WM scanning but more largely to syntactic/semantic processing.
Large scale structure-function mappings of the human subcortex
Authors: Keuken Max C. , van Maanen Leendert , Boswijk Michiel , Forstmann Birte U. , Steyvers Mark
Published: October 2018

Currently little is known about structure-function mappings in the human subcortex. Here we present a large-scale automated meta-analysis on the literature to understand the structure-function mapping in the human subcortex. The results provide converging evidence into unique large scale structure-function mappings of the human subcortex based on their functional and anatomical similarity.
Single-Stranded Nucleic Acids Regulate TLR3/4/7 Activation through Interference with Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis
Authors: Järver Peter , Dondalska Aleksandra , Poux Candice , Sandberg AnnSofi , Bergenstråhle Joseph , Sköld Annette E. , Dereuddre-Bosquet Nathalie , Martinon Fréderic , Pålsson Sandra , Zaghloul Eman , Brodin David , Sander Birgitta , Lennox Kim A. , Behlke Mark A. , EL-Andaloussi Samir , Lehtiö Janne , Lundeberg Joakim , LeGrand Roger , Spetz Anna-Lena
Published: October 2018

Recognition of nucleic acids by endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLR) is essential to combat pathogens, but requires strict control to limit inflammatory responses. The mechanisms governing this tight regulation are unclear. We found that single-stranded oligonucleotides (ssON) inhibit endocytic pathways used by cargo destined for TLR3/4/7 signaling endosomes. Both ssDNA and ssRNA conferred the endocytic inhibition, it was concentration dependent, and required a certain ssON length. The ssON-mediated inhibition modulated signaling downstream of TLRs that localized within the affected endosomal pathway. We further show that injection of ssON dampens dsRNA-mediated inflammatory responses in the skin of non-human primates. These studies reveal a regulatory role for extracellular ssON in the endocytic uptake of TLR ligands and provide a mechanistic explanation of their immunomodulation. The identified ssON-mediated interference of endocytosis (SOMIE) is a regulatory process that temporarily dampens TLR3/4/7 signaling, thereby averting excessive immune responses.
High resolution laboratory grating-based X-ray phase-contrast CT
Authors: Viermetz Manuel , Birnbacher Lorenz , Willner Marian , Achterhold Klaus , Pfeiffer Franz , Herzen Julia
Published: October 2018

The conventional form of computed tomography using X-ray attenuation without any contrast agents is of limited use for the characterization of soft tissue in many fields of medical and biological studies. Grating-based phase-contrast computed tomography (gbPC-CT) is a promising alternative imaging method solving the low soft tissue contrast without the need of any contrast agent. While highly sensitive measurements are possible using conventional X-ray sources the spatial resolution does often not fulfill the requirements for specific imaging tasks, such as visualization of pathologies. The focus of this study is the increase in spatial resolution without loss of sensitivity. To overcome this limitation a super-resolution reconstruction based on sub-pixel shifts involving a deconvolution of the image data during each iteration is applied. In our study we achieve an effective pixel size of 28 μm with a conventional rotating anode tube and a photon-counting detector. We also demonstrate that the method can upgrade existing setups to measure tomographies with higher resolution. The results show the increase in resolution at high sensitivity and with the ability to make quantitative measurements. The combination of sparse sampling and statistical iterative reconstruction may be used to reduce the total measurement time. In conclusion, we present high-quality and high-resolution tomographic images of biological samples to demonstrate the experimental feasibility of super-resolution reconstruction.
Microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status
Authors: Hasegawa Yu , Curtis Britni , Yutuc Vernon , Rulien Megan , Morrisroe Kelly , Watkins Kristin , Ferrier Clayton , English Chris , Hewitson Laura , Slupsky Carolyn M.
Published: October 2018

Although thimerosal, an ethylmercury-based preservative, has been removed from most pediatric vaccines in the United States, some multidose vaccines, such as influenza vaccines, still contain thimerosal. Considering that a growing number of studies indicate involvement of the gut microbiome in infant immune development and vaccine responses, it is important to elucidate the impact of pediatric vaccines, including thimerosal-containing vaccines, on gut microbial structure and function. Here, a non-human primate model was utilized to assess how two vaccine schedules affect the gut microbiome in infants (5–9 days old) and juveniles (77–88 weeks old) through 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and metabolomics analyses of the fecal samples. Two treatment groups (n = 12/group) followed either the vaccine schedule that was in place during the 1990s (intensive exposure to thimerosal) or an expanded schedule administered in 2008 (prenatal and postnatal exposure to thimerosal mainly via influenza vaccines), and were compared with a control group (n = 16) that received saline injections. The primary impact on gut microbial structure and function was age. Although a few statistically significant impacts of the two common pediatric vaccine schedules were observed when confounding factors were considered, the magnitude of the differences was small, and appeared to be positive with vaccination.
Author Correction: Activation of endothelial β-catenin signaling induces heart failure
Authors: Nakagawa Akito , Naito Atsuhiko T. , Sumida Tomokazu , Nomura Seitaro , Shibamoto Masato , Higo Tomoaki , Okada Katsuki , Sakai Taku , Hashimoto Akihito , Kuramoto Yuki , Oka Toru , Lee Jong-Kook , Harada Mutsuo , Ueda Kazutaka , Shiojima Ichiro , Limbourg Florian P. , Adams Ralf H. , Noda Tetsuo , Sakata Yasushi , Akazawa Hiroshi , Komuro Issei
Published: October 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Acylated-acyl carrier protein stabilizes the Pseudomonas aeruginosa WaaP lipopolysaccharide heptose kinase
Authors: Kreamer Naomi N. K. , Chopra Rajiv , Caughlan Ruth E. , Fabbro Doriano , Fang Eric , Gee Patricia , Hunt Ian , Li Min , Leon Barbara C. , Muller Lionel , Vash Brian , Woods Angela L. , Stams Travis , Dean Charles R. , Uehara Tsuyoshi
Published: October 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Effects of UV for Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin via Thermokinetic Models, Novel Calorimetric Technology, and Thermogravimetric Analysis
Authors: Laiwang Bin , Liu Shang-Hao , Tsai Yun-Ting , Deng Jun , Jiang Hui-Chun , Li Bei , Shu Chi-Min
Published: October 2018

The cycloaliphatic epoxy resin selected for this study was 3,4-epoxycyclohexane methyl-3′4′-epoxycyclohexyl-carboxylate (EEC). Epoxy resin has numerous applications, such as varnishes, tires, and electronic materials. However, the extensive used of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) compounds in the last century has resulted in the formation of a hole in the ozone layer. As a consequence, solar radiation is intensifying gradually; therefore, continuous irradiation by sunlight should be avoided. The results of solar radiation can exacerbate the deterioration and photolysis of compounds. Through thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, the apparent onset temperature of EEC and EEC was analyzed under UV radiation for different durations. Thermokinetic data were used to determine the parameters of thermal decomposition characteristics through simulation to assess the reaction of EEC and EEC under UV radiation for different durations. The goal of the study was to establish the parameters of thermal decomposition characteristics for the effects of UV on EEC, as well as the probability of severity of thermal catastrophe.
The pattern of gestational weight gains among Chinese women: a repeated measure analysis
Authors: Tan Jing , Ren Yan , Qi Yana , Chen Peng , Tang Li , He Guolin , Li Sheyu , Sun Xin , Liu Xinghui
Published: October 2018

This study aimed to investigate the pattern of gestational weight gain (GWG) among Chinese women. We included pregnant women, who delivered at a referral medical center in China and had no pre-specified adverse pregnancy outcomes. We collected weight data across all pregnancy visits, and used the two-level spline linear model to fit for the pattern of GWG according to pre-pregnancy BMI categories. In total, 4,567 pregnant women with 47,699 repeated measures were eligible. For those who were underweight, normal and overweight before pregnancy, the interquartile ranges (25th to 75th quartiles) of GWG between 14 and 36 gestational weeks were 12.9–17.7 kg, 12.6–17.3 kg and 11.7–16.8 kg, and the corresponding rates of GWG were 2.62 kg/month, 2.56 kg/month and 2.37 kg/month. For underweight and normal women, the rates of GWG were similar before 14 weeks (0.57 and 0.58 kg/month) and after 36 weeks (1.69 and 1.70 kg/month); however, the rates of GWG were higher for overweight women (0.66 kg/month before 14 weeks and 1.89 kg/month after 36 weeks). In summary, the pattern of GWG among Chinese pregnant women is generally consistent with the IOM recommendation, particularly for those who are normal or underweight. Modifications are, however, warranted for overweight pregnant women.
Mortality induced by PM2.5 exposure following the 1783 Laki eruption using reconstructed meteorological fields
Authors: Balkanski Y. , Menut L. , Garnier E. , Wang R. , Evangeliou N. , Jourdain S. , Eschstruth C. , Vrac M. , Yiou P.
Published: October 2018

The 1783–1784 Laki eruption provides a natural experiment to evaluate the performance of chemistry-transport models in predicting the health impact of air particulate pollution. There are few existing daily meteorological observations during the second part of the 18th century. Hence, creating reasonable climatological conditions for such events constitutes a major challenge. We reconstructed meteorological fields for the period 1783–1784 based on a technique of analogues described in the Methods. Using these fields and including detailed chemistry we describe the concentrations of sulphur (SO2/SO4) that prevail over the North Atlantic, the adjoining seas and Western Europe during these 2 years. To evaluate the model, we analyse these results through the prism of two datasets contemporary to the Laki period: • The date of the first appearance of ‘dry fogs’ over Europe, • The excess mortality recorded in French parishes over the period June–September 1783. The sequence of appearances of the dry fogs is reproduced with a very-high degree of agreement to the first dataset. High concentrations of SO2/SO4 are simulated in June 1783 that coincide with a rapid rise of the number of deceased in French parishes records. We show that only a small part of the deceased of the summer of 1783 can be explained by the present-day relationships between PM2.5 and relative risk. The implication of this result is that other external factors such as the particularly warm summer of 1783, and the lack of health care at the time, must have contributed to the sharp increase in mortality over France recorded from June to September 1783.
DNA repair protein Rad18 restricts LINE-1 mobility
Authors: Ariumi Yasuo , Kawano Koudai , Yasuda-Inoue Mariko , Kuroki Misao , Fukuda Hiroyuki , Siddiqui Rokeya , Turelli Priscilla , Tateishi Satoshi
Published: October 2018

Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1, L1) is a mobile genetic element comprising about 17% of the human genome. L1 utilizes an endonuclease to insert L1 cDNA into the target genomic DNA, which induces double-strand DNA breaks in the human genome and activates the DNA damage signaling pathway, resulting in the recruitment of DNA-repair proteins. This may facilitate or protect L1 integration into the human genome. Therefore, the host DNA repair machinery has pivotal roles in L1 mobility. In this study, we have, for the first time, demonstrated that the DNA repair protein, Rad18, restricts L1 mobility. Notably, overexpression of Rad18 strongly suppressed L1 retrotransposition as well as L1-mediated Alu retrotransposition. In contrast, L1 retrotransposition was enhanced in Rad18-deficient or knockdown cells. Furthermore, the Rad6 (E2 ubiquitin-conjugated enzyme)-binding domain, but not the Polη-binding domain, was required for the inhibition of L1 retrotransposition, suggesting that the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of Rad18 is important in regulating L1 mobility. Accordingly, wild-type, but not the mutant Rad18-lacking Rad6-binding domain, bound with L1 ORF1p and sequestered with L1 ORF1p into the Rad18-nuclear foci. Altogether, Rad18 restricts L1 and Alu retrotransposition as a guardian of the human genome against endogenous retroelements.
Fluorescence detected linear dichroism of small molecules oriented on polyethylene film
Authors: Wemyss A. M. , Razmkhah K. , Chmel N. P. , Rodger A.
Published: October 2018

We demonstrate that by measuring the fluorescence emission data during a linear dichroism measurement, one obtains additional information on the exited state properties and interactions of oriented molecules in the solid state.
New directions in natural product synthesis
Authors: Davies Huw M. L. , Itami Kenichiro , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: October 2018

Guest Editors Huw M. L. Davies, Kenichiro Itami and Brian M. Stoltz introduce this themed issue on natural product synthesis.
Palladium iminophosphorane complexes: the pre-cursors to the missing link in triphenylphosphane chalcogenide metallacycles
Authors: Fernández-Figueiras Adolfo , Lucio-Martínez Fátima , Munín-Cruz Paula , Polo-Ces Paula , Reigosa Francisco , Adams Harry , Pereira M. Teresa , Vila José M.
Published: October 2018

A dinuclear iminophosphorane palladacycle produces the missing link in the triphenylphosphane chalcogenide series of metallacycles.
A theory of waveguide design for plasmonic nanolasers
Authors: Li Guangyuan , Palomba Stefano , de Sterke C. Martijn
Published: October 2018

We propose a theory for the waveguide design for plasmonic nanolasers, and extend it to that for nonlinear plasmonic devices.
Chelation-assisted assembly of multidentate colloidal nanoparticles into metal–organic nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Yuan , Sun Hao , Yang Lu , Zhu Xiaochen , Wang Xirui , Liang Jiamin , Li Xiaowei , Jiang Ying , Hou Weijia , Favero Ferreira Caue , Talham Daniel R. , Hebard Arthur F. , Tan Weihong
Published: October 2018

We propose a chelation-assisted assembly of multidentate CNs into metal–organic nanoparticles (MONs).
Improved stability of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots achieved by suppressing interligand proton transfer and applying a polystyrene coating
Authors: Cai Yuting , Wang Le , Zhou Tianliang , Zheng Peng , Li Ye , Xie Rong-Jun
Published: October 2018

All-inorganic lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have shown great promise for optoelectronic applications due to their unique optical and electrical properties.
Tripodal cyanurates as selective transmembrane Cl− transporters
Authors: Mondal Debashis , Sathyan Anjana , Shinde Sopan V. , Mishra Kamal K. , Talukdar Pinaki
Published: October 2018

Tris-carboxyamide and tris-sulfonamide-based anion receptors with cyanuric acid core are developed for transmembrane chloride transport.
Chemoselective reduction of isothiocyanates to thioformamides mediated by the Schwartz reagent
Authors: de la Vega-Hernández Karen , Senatore Raffaele , Miele Margherita , Urban Ernst , Holzer Wolfgang , Pace Vittorio
Published: October 2018

Thioformamides are easily prepared – under full chemocontrol – through the partial reduction of isothiocyanates with the in situ generated Schwartz reagent.
A hemithioindigo molecular motor for metal surface attachment
Authors: Hoffmann Kerstin , Mayer Peter , Dube Henry
Published: October 2018

We report on the synthesis of a hemithioindigo molecular motor bearing thioether feet for metal surface attachment and a comprehensive study of its light induced unidirectional motion in solution.
Transition metal free decarboxylative fluoroalkylation of N-acrylamides with 3,3,3-trifluoro-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid (TFDMPA)
Authors: Shi Yingkun , Xiao Hongqing , Xu Xiu-Hua , Huang Yangen
Published: October 2018

1,1-Dimethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl substituted oxindoles were prepared by a novel transition metal-free decarboxylative fluoroalkylation of activated alkenes and C–H functionalization cascade process.
Organic semiconductor/graphene oxide composites as a photo-anode for photo-electrochemical applications
Authors: Khurshid Farheen , Jeyavelan M. , Sterlin Leo Hudson M. , Nagarajan Samuthira
Published: October 2018

New organic materials with longer life-times of the charge carrier and enhancement of photocurrent generation were developed.
A novel fluorescent long-chain fatty acid-substituted dye: labeling and biodegrading ofMicrothrix parvicella
Authors: Gu Yingchun , Lin Dayong , Fei Xuening , Wang Cuihong , Yang Qi , Tang Yalin , Ren Xueling
Published: October 2018

M. parvicella in situcould be biodegraded by a novel fluorescent probe of carbazole modified by LCFA(FP1).
Performance enhancement of asymmetric supercapacitors with bud-like Cu-doped Mn3O4 hollow and porous structures on nickel foam as positive electrodes
Authors: Chen Xiaobo , Chen Cheng , Xu Tianzhi , Xu Yingjie , Liu Weiwei , Yang Wen , Yang Peizhi
Published: October 2018

The effect of Cu doping on the electrochemical performance of bud-like Mn3O4 nanostructures for supercapacitor application was comparatively investigated.
Stereoselective organocatalyzed glycosylations – thiouracil, thioureas and monothiophthalimide act as Brønsted acid catalysts at low loadings
Authors: Bradshaw G. A. , Colgan A. C. , Allen N. P. , Pongener I. , Boland M. B. , Ortin Y. , McGarrigle E. M.
Published: October 2018

Thiouracil catalyzes stereoselective glycosylations with galactals in loadings as low as 0.1 mol%.
Reductive diazotation of carbon nanotubes: an experimental and theoretical selectivity study
Authors: Schirowski Milan , Tyborski Christoph , Maultzsch Janina , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas , Goclon Jakub
Published: October 2018

The reaction of negatively charged SWCNTs with diazonium salts was analyzed in a combined experimental and computational DFT study.
Hexakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-α-cyclodextrin–I5− complex in aqueous I−/I3− thermocells and enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient
Authors: Liang Yimin , Yamada Teppei , Zhou Hongyao , Kimizuka Nobuo
Published: October 2018

Supramolecular thermocell composed of I− (yellow balls), I3− (trio of red balls), I5− (five connected dark red balls) and Me18-α-CD (gray cone-shaped cylinder).
Single-molecule photoredox catalysis
Authors: Haimerl Josef , Ghosh Indrajit , König Burkhard , Vogelsang Jan , Lupton John M.
Published: October 2018

Photocatalytic dehalogenation by a common dyestuff under aqueous conditions is driven by energy-additive absorption of two photons on the single-molecule level.
Formation and dynamics of the aggregates of cholesteric double-twist cylinders
Authors: Bono Shinji , Maruyama Yuji , Tabe Yuka
Published: October 2018

We succeeded in driving the unidirectional rigid-body rotation of cholesteric (Ch) double-twist cylinder (DTC) droplets under a heat flux along the cylindrical symmetry axis.
Flow fluctuations in wormlike micelle fluids
Authors: Salipante Paul F. , Meek Stephen E. , Hudson Steven D.
Published: October 2018

Simultaneous flow and pressure fluctuations show the relationship between breakage of wormlike micelles and flow rate jumps in capillary constrictions.
Alcohol induced gelation of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril dispersions
Authors: da Silva Marcelo A. , Calabrese Vincenzo , Schmitt Julien , Celebi Duygu , Scott Janet L. , Edler Karen J.
Published: October 2018

Alcohol-induced gelation of partially oxidised cellulose nanofibrils (OCNFs): nanoscale (SAXS) and macroscale (rheology) insights into OCNF self-assembly in aqueous-alcoholic mixtures.
Semitransparent all-polymer solar cells through lamination
Authors: Xia Yuxin , Xu Xiaofeng , Aguirre Luis Ever , Inganäs Olle
Published: October 2018

All-polymer solar cells with all the functional layers made from polymers are fabricated through lamination and have an average transparency > 35% in the visible light range while still retaining a PCE > 2%.
Two-dimensional nanosheet-based gas separation membranes
Authors: Liu Min , Gurr Paul A. , Fu Qiang , Webley Paul A. , Qiao Greg G.
Published: October 2018

Two-dimensional nanosheets as building blocks for the preparation of high-performance gas separation membranes.
Platelets and their biomimetics for regenerative medicine and cancer therapies
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Hu Shiqi , Cheng Ke
Published: October 2018

In this review, we will focus on the recent progress made in the development of platelet and platelet-mimicking delivery systems for the treatment of diseases.
Simultaneous and controlled release of two different bioactive small molecules from nature inspired single material
Authors: Rather Adil M. , Shome Arpita , Bhunia Bibhas K. , Panuganti Aparna , Mandal Biman B. , Manna Uttam
Published: October 2018

Simultaneous and extended (over 6 months) release of two different bioactive small molecules from single polymeric material was successfully achieved through strategic use of metastable trapped air for the first time.
A colorimetric/SERS dual-mode sensing method for the detection of mercury(ii) based on rhodanine-stabilized gold nanobipyramids
Authors: Qi Ying , Zhao Jing , Weng Guo-jun , Li Jian-jun , Li Xin , Zhu Jian , Zhao Jun-wu
Published: October 2018

This study demonstrates a novel strategy for colorimetric and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) dual-mode sensing of mercury (Hg2+) based on rhodanine-stabilized gold nanobipyramids (Au NBs).
Structural basis for the bi-functionality of human oxaloacetate decarboxylase FAHD1
Authors: Weiss Alexander K.H. , Naschberger Andreas , Loeffler Johannes R. , Gstach Hubert , Bowler Matthew W. , Holzknecht Max , Cappuccio Elia , Pittl Annabella , Etemad Solmaz , Dunzendorfer-Matt Theresia , Scheffzek Klaus , Liedl Klaus R. , Jansen-Dürr Pidder
Published: October 2018

Whereas enzymes in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) superfamily catalyze several distinct chemical reactions, the structural basis for their multi-functionality remains elusive. As a well-studied example, human FAH domain-containing protein 1 (FAHD1) is a mitochondrial protein displaying both acylpyruvate hydrolase (ApH) and oxaloacetate decarboxylase (ODx) activity. As mitochondrial ODx, FAHD1 acts antagonistically to pyruvate carboxylase, a key metabolic enzyme. Despite its importance for mitochondrial function, very little is known about the catalytic mechanisms underlying FAHD1 enzymatic activities, and the architecture of its ligated active site is currently ill defined. We present crystallographic data of human FAHD1 that provide new insights into the structure of the catalytic center at high resolution, featuring a flexible ‘lid’-like helical region which folds into a helical structure upon binding of the ODx inhibitor oxalate. The oxalate-driven structural transition results in the generation of a potential catalytic triad consisting of E33, H30 and an associated water molecule. In silico docking studies indicate that the substrate is further stabilized by a complex hydrogen-bond network, involving amino acids Q109 and K123, identified herein as potential key residues for FAHD1 catalytic activity. Mutation of amino acids H30, E33 and K123 each had discernible influence on the ApH and/or ODx activity of FAHD1, suggesting distinct catalytic mechanisms for both activities. The structural analysis presented here provides a defined structural map of the active site of FAHD1 and contributes to a better understanding of the FAH superfamily of enzymes.
Insulin reverses major portal hypertension-related derangements in rats with liver cirrhosis and diabetes
Authors: Hsin I-Fang , Huang Hui-Chun , Chang Ching-Chih , Hsu Shao-Jung , Lee Fa-Yauh , Huo Teh-Ia , Chuang Chiao-Lin , Hou Ming-Chih , Lee Shou-Dong
Published: October 2018

Liver cirrhosis is accompanied by increased intrahepatic resistance and angiogenesis-related portosystemic collaterals formation. Diabetic patients suffer from abnormal vasoresponsiveness and angiogenesis that can be ameliorated by glucose control. However, the relevant presentation is not clear in those with cirrhosis and diabetes, in whom insulin is the treatment of choice. Liver cirrhosis was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats with common bile duct ligation (BDL) and sham rats were used as controls. Streptozotocin 60 mg/kg (STZ, i.p., to induce diabetes) or vehicle was injected. The rats received BDL and STZ injections were injected with insulin or vehicle. On the 29th day after the procedure, the groups were surveyed for (1) systemic and portal hemodynamics; (2) mesenteric vascular density; (3) severity of portosystemic collaterals; (4) hepatic resistance using in situ liver perfusion; (5) histology survey of mesentery and liver; and (6) mesentery angiogenesis- and liver fibrogenesis-related protein expressions. Compared with the cirrhotic rats, the cirrhotic diabetic rats had lower body weight, cardiac output, superior mesenteric arterial (SMA) resistance and portal venous (PV) resistance, and higher SMA and PV flow, which were mostly reversed by insulin. The cirrhotic diabetic rats also had increased mesenteric vascular density, and enhanced pERK, pAkt, VEGF, VEGFR2 protein expressions that were reversed by insulin. Insulin decreased the degree of shunting in the diabetic cirrhotic rats. Hepatic perfusion pressure and severity of liver fibrosis were not significantly influenced by diabetes and insulin treatment in the cirrhotic rats. In conclusion, diabetes aggravated hemodynamic derangements, mesenteric angiogenesis and collaterals in the cirrhotic rats, which were mostly ameliorated by insulin. Further clinical investigations are warranted.
Covert Stuttering: Investigation of the Paradigm Shift From Covertly Stuttering to Overtly Stuttering
Authors: Douglass Jill E. , Schwab Maria , Alvarado Jacqueline
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Covert stuttering is a type of stuttering experience that occurs when a person who stutters conceals his or her stutter from others, attempting to be perceived as a nonstuttering individual. A person who covertly stutters experiences the cognitive and emotional elements of stuttering with minimum overt behavioral symptoms. Individuals who covertly stutter are able to provide insight into their experiences in attempting to be perceived as nonstuttering individuals. Covert stuttering is a topic that continues to be in need of a formal definition. The current investigation is utilizing thematic analysis to provide a detail-rich investigation of the paradigm shift from covertly stuttering to overtly stuttering.

Method

The current investigation is a qualitative analysis of individuals' transition process from covertly stuttering to overtly stuttering. Real-time video interviews were conducted with the use of open-ended phenomenological interview questions. Interviews were transcribed, and thematic analysis of interview transcripts was conducted to investigate the covertly to overtly stuttering process for participants.

Results

The findings provide insight into a paradigm shift that occurs when individuals who covertly stutter begin to outwardly identify themselves and allow for overt stuttering. The primary theme was a paradigm shift in the 6 participants' mindset regarding stuttering; additional details are provided in the subthemes: attending speech therapy, meeting other people who stutter, and a psychological low point. The details of the covert-to-overt stuttering conversion are documented with the use of direct quotations.

Conclusion

The evidence suggests the various intricacies of the experiences of persons who are covert. Clinical implications of these findings for assessing and treating individuals who covertly stutter are discussed.
Evolution of protoplanetary disks from their taxonomy in scattered light: spirals, rings, cavities, and shadows
Authors: Garufi A. , Benisty M. , Pinilla P. , Tazzari M. , Dominik C. , Ginski C. , Henning Th. , Kral Q. , Langlois M. , Ménard F. , Stolker T. , Szulagyi J. , Villenave M. , van der Plas G.
Published: October 2018

Context.Dozens of protoplanetary disks have been imaged in scattered light during the last decade.

Aims.The variety of brightness, extension, and morphology from this census motivates a taxonomical study of protoplanetary disks in polarimetric light to constrain their evolution and establish the current framework of this type of observation.

Methods.We classified 58 disks with available polarimetric observations into six major categories (Ring, Spiral, Giant, Rim, Faint, and Small disks) based on their appearance in scattered light. We re-calculated the stellar and disk properties from the newly availableGaiaDR2 and related these properties with the disk categories.

Results.More than half of our sample shows disk substructures. For the remaining sources, the absence of detected features is due to their faintness, their small size, or the disk geometry. Faint disks are typically found around young stars and typically host no cavity. There is a possible dichotomy in the near-infrared (NIR) excess of sources with spiral-disks (high) and ring-disks (low). Like spirals, shadows are associated with a high NIR excess. If we account for the pre-main sequence evolutionary timescale of stars with different mass, spiral arms are likely associated with old disks. We also found a loose, shallow declining trend for the disk dust mass with time.

Conclusions.Protoplanetary disks may form substructures like rings very early in their evolution but their detectability in scattered light is limited to relatively old sources ( ≳5 Myr) where the recurrently detected disk cavities cause the outer disk to be illuminate. The shallow decrease of disk mass with time might be due to a selection effect, where disks observed thus far in scattered light are typically massive, bright transition disks with longer lifetimes than most disks. Our study points toward spirals and shadows being generated by planets of a fraction of a Jupiter mass to a few Jupiter masses in size that leave their (observed) imprint on both the inner disk near the star and the outer disk cavity.
Krankengymnastische Haltungskorrektur mittels Fazilitation über die Hände „Hands Induced Posture“ (HIP) – eine Einführung
Authors: Best Norman , Schildt-Rudloff Karla , Strohbach Dorit , Derlien Steffen , Loudovici-Krug Dana , Bocker Barbara , Anders Christoph , Best Stefanie
Published: October 2018

Hintergrund Die propriozeptive sensomotorische Fazilitation (PSF) nach Janda stellt eine anerkannte Methode zur Verbesserung der sensomotorischen Kompetenz dar. Allerdings sind Menschen davon ausgeschlossen, denen es nicht möglich ist, die Fußmuskulatur zu aktivieren.

Konzeptvorstellung Über die Fazilitation der Handmuskulatur und distoproximaler Stützmuster gelingt es die Rücken- und Bauchmuskulatur anzusprechen und damit die posturale Muskulatur zu beüben.

Pilotstudie Im Rahmen einer Pilotstudie konnten eine Änderung der Skapulaposition und eine Bauchumfangsminderung eruiert werden. Weitere Parameter zeigten nicht die vermuteten Änderungen.

Konsequenz und Fazit Über eine Oberflächen-EMG-Studie sollen Muskelgruppen gefunden werden, die durch die „HIP“–Übung angesprochen werden.
Phytotherapie bei obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen
Authors: Gündling Peter W.
Published: October 2018

Obgleich Phytotherapeutika bei Asthma und COPD nicht an erster Stelle stehen, weisen sie doch Wirkungen auf, die sowohl für das akute als auch das chronische
entzündliche Geschehen obstruktiver Atemwegserkrankungen eine wichtige Rolle spielen: Schutz vor Infekten, antiinflammatorische und antivirale Wirkung,
Verbesserung der mukoziliären Clearance, antitussive Wirkung, Immunmodulation, Schutz vor bakterieller Superinfektion.

Bei Beachtung der Grenzen dieser Therapierichtung stehen dem Therapeuten in der Praxis bewährte und wirksame Optionen zur Verfügung.