bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing national emergency language competence
Authors: Li Yuming , Rao Gaoqi , Zhang Jie , Li Jia
Published: August 2020

National emergency language competence (NELC) can be understood as the capacity to use language to cope with domestic and international public emergencies. NELC constitutes the foundation of and guidance for the provision of emergency language services. Based on a review of emergency language services and language competence development, this paper proposes a theoretical model for constructing NELC along the following four dimensions: emergency stage, language tasks, non-linguistic resources, and types of emergency languages. The paper concludes with suggestions on the planning and development of NELC.
Crystal structure of bis(6-aminopyridine-2-carboxylato-κ2
O,N)-copper(II), C12H10O6N4Cu
Authors: Du Xigang , Wang Chunwei
Published: August 2020

C12H10O6N4Cu, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 3.7015(2) Å, b = 7.3920(4) Å, c = 21.3535(12) Å, β = 91.060(5)°, Z = 2, V = 584.16(6) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0319, wR
ref(F2) = 0.0769, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of catena{(μ2-1,10-phenanthroline-κ4
N,N,N′,N′)-(μ2-1,10-phenanthroline-κ3
N,N,N′)potassium(I) {[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)iminiumyl](sulfanidyl)methyl}sulfanide hemi(1,10-phenanthroline)}, {C24H16KN4, 0.5(C12H8N2), C5H10NO2S2}
Authors: Lo Kong Mun , Lee See Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: August 2020

C35H30KN6O2S2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 32.8001(4) Å, b = 7.1562(1) Å, c = 26.0400(3) Å, β = 94.385(1)°, V = 6094.32(13) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0315, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0911, T = 100(2) K.
Accelerated HPSTM: An efficient semi-analytical technique for the solution of nonlinear PDE’s
Authors: Grover Deepak , Sharma Dinkar , Singh Prince
Published: August 2020

In this paper a novel technique i.e. accelerated homotopy perturbation Sumudu transformation method (AHPSTM), which is a hybrid of accelerated homotopy perturbation method and Sumudu transformation to obtain an approximate analytic solution of nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) with proportional delay, is used. This approach is based on the new form of calculating He’s polynomial, which accelerates the convergence of the series solution. The series solutions obtained from the proposed method are found to converge rapidly to exact solution. In order to affirm the effectiveness and legitimacy of proposed method, the proposed technique is implemented on nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) with proportional delay. The condition of convergence of series solution is analyzed. Moreover, statistical analysis has been performed to analyze the outcome acquired by AHPSTM and other semi-analytic techniques.
Surface hydrophobicity and oleophilicity of hierarchical metal structures fabricated using ink-based selective laser melting of micro/nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Tianyu , Guo Wenfeng , Wang Xinjian , Liu Junyan , Wang Yang , Chen Mingjun
Published: August 2020

Hierarchical structures have attracted considerable interest due to their super-oleophobic/super-hydrophobic behavior. However, it is rare to present a novel additive manufacturing (AM) approach to fabricate hierarchical metal structures (HMSs). A micro/nano mixture ink was deposited on a substrate and a laser was used to selectively scan the ink layer. A new layer of ink was deposited on the previous consolidation layer during manufacturing. The surfaces of the as-sintered HMSs exhibit inherently super-hydrophilic and super-oleophobic behavior with a 155° contact angle (CA) with oil. Furthermore, the HMSs were successfully turned into super-hydrophobic and super-oleophilic mode (with a 152° CA) after surface modification with a solvent-free, electrostatic polytetrafluoroethylene particle deposition. They can be used as oil/water separation media by the functional surfaces existing in the pore channels. The experimental study of HMSs shows an effective removal of oil contaminants from water. The developed process also possesses an advantage of AM of HMSs with complex shapes in ambient air under the protection of an organic ink. Importantly, the present approach could be extended to a vast number of HMSs, for the preparation of highly durable functional materials for various applications.
Second language acquisition from Syrian refugees’ perspectives: Difficulties and solutions
Authors: Al Masri Hayat , Abu-Ayyash Emad A. S.
Published: August 2020

The current study explored the second language acquisition (SLA) difficulties that 45 Syrian refugees and asylum seekers encountered in nine countries (Germany, Turkey, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, France, Malay, Austria, and Romania) that they fled to away from the ongoing war in Syria. The study also sought to elicit the solutions for these difficulties from the participants’ views. This research employed interviews and an open-ended questionnaire utilizing the Facebook Messenger application to gather data. The study builds on and broadens the scope of language acquisition research and questions main SLA theoretical underpinnings. The study found a variety of difficulties pertinent to economic, personal, social, linguistic, temporal, and psychological factors. The participants’ recommendations were classified into refugee-based, community-based, and authority-based ones.
The Battle of Objects and Subjects: Concerning Sbriglia and Žižek’sSubject LessonsAnthology
Authors: Harman Graham
Published: August 2020

This article mounts a defense of Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) from various criticisms made in Russell Sbriglia and Slavoj Žižek’s co-edited anthologySubject Lessons. Along with Sbriglia and Žižek’s own Introduction to the volume, the article responds to the chapters by Todd McGowan, Adrian Johnston, and Molly Anne Rothenberg, the three in which my own version of OOO is most frequently discussed.
Disaster Preparedness of Academic Libraries: A Case Study From Indonesia
Authors: Rachman Yeni Budi
Published: August 2020

Disaster preparedness activities are important for libraries, as they collect and provide access to information and knowledge of human intellectual ideas and work. This study aims to identify potential disasters that may be experienced by academic libraries in Indonesia as well as their disaster preparedness activities. A quantitative approach was used to survey 85 academic library representatives who attended an academic librarian forum in Jakarta, Indonesia. The results identified the many types of natural and manmade disasters that have already and continue to threaten collections and services of respondent libraries. In addition to earthquakes and floods, threats include risks from human actions such as theft and vandalism, as well as problems arising from unstable electrical power supplies, and hardware and software malfunctions. This study also found that the majority of libraries participating in the study do not have a disaster preparedness plan.
More Valuable than Blood and Treasure? Experimental Evidence on the Impact of Status on Domestic Preferences for Military Intervention
Authors: Viskupič Filip
Published: August 2020

Does status have an independent effect on how countries relate to each other? While scholars long argued that status is a salient foreign policy driver, it has been challenging to establish a causal link between status and foreign policy outcomes. In this project, I use original survey data to evaluate the effect of status on foreign policy decision-making, in particular popular support for military intervention. In an online survey experiment, 3658 United States citizens were confronted with a hypothetical foreign policy scenario in which their country’s status was threatened. The results show that the presence of a status threat increases support for military intervention, even in situations where national security interests are at stake and casualties are likely. I also find that government’s unwillingness to use force to protect the country’s status leads to decreased government approval. Overall, the results provide strong evidence that status is an important foreign policy driver and a source of domestic audience costs.
Microcellular foaming behavior of ether- and ester-based TPUs blown with supercritical CO2
Authors: Batı Bige , Küçük Emine Büşra , Durmuş Ali , Nofar Mohammadreza
Published: August 2020

The bead foaming behavior of ether- and an ester-based Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) resins were investigated in a lab-scale reactor using supercritical CO2 as the blowing agent. The samples were saturated at various saturation temperatures and the effects of hard segment crystallization during the saturation on the foaming behavior of the TPU samples were explored. The results revealed that the different HS crystallization tendencies and possible CO2 solubility differences in two TPU grades led to their different foaming behaviors. The ester-based TPU could be foamed within a wider saturation temperature range and revealed an easier cell growth and foam expansion while the ether-based TPU showed a more limited cell growth behavior and hence processing window. The effect of pre-annealing and hence the isothermally induced HS crystallization on the foaming behavior of the ether-based TPU and the influence of depressurization rate on the foaming behavior of ester-based TPU was also explored.
Low-temperature separation of helium-helion mixture
Authors: Bubenchikov Alexey Mikhailovich , Bubenchikov Mikhail Alekseevich , Jambaa Soninbayar , Lun-Fu Aleksandr Viktorovich , Chelnokova Anna Sergeevna
Published: August 2020

The research is devoted to the problem of designing materials with an adjustable property of permeability. The obtained tool for property regulation allows achieving hyper-selectivity in relation to separation of helium isotope mixtures, as well as some other gas mixtures. The reasearch is theoretical in nature; however, it suggests a clear direction of activity for experimenters. The result obtained is valid for ultrathin barriers of any form. As a result, a new exact solution of the Schrödinger equation of wave dynamics, which is valid for the case of two-barrier systems, is found. This solution allows for comprehensive consideration of the process of wave passage through a barrier and identification of the causes leading to super-permeability of individual components.
Preparation and properties of composite materials containing graphene structures and their applicability in personal protective equipment: A Review
Authors: Kośla Katarzyna , Olejnik Magdalena , Olszewska Karolina
Published: August 2020

Graphene is a new, advanced material with many possible applications in basic and clinical medicine, electronics and automation. Graphene compounds can be successfully used as an integral part of drug delivery systems, in the construction of transistors, polar processors, touch screens, solar cells and in the production of materials for the manufacture of personal protective equipment,i.e.products and equipment intended to protect the health and life of users. The literature review presented in this paper concerns physical and mechanical properties of composites containing graphene or its structure as well as methods of obtaining polymer, metallic and ceramic composites doped with graphene structures. Data analysis of the potential use of graphene and its composites in personal protective equipment such as monitoring sensors, clothing and security equipment such as ballistic armor, helmets and protective clothing were also reviewed and summarized.
Improving the microstructure and mechanical properties of laser cladded Ni-based alloy coatings by changing their composition: A review
Authors: Yinghua Lin , Xuelong Ping , Jiacai Kuang , Yingjun Deng
Published: August 2020

Ni-based alloy coatings prepared by laser cladding has high bonding strength, excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The mechanical properties of coatings can be further improved by changing the composition of alloy powders. This paper reviewed the improved microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni-based composite coatings by hard particles, single element and rare earth elements. The problems that need to be solved for the particle-reinforced nickel-based alloy coatings are pointed out. The prospects of the research are also discussed.
Mini-Review of Analytical Methods used in Quantification of Ellagic Acid
Authors: Agrawal Ojaskumar D. , Kulkarni Yogesh A.
Published: August 2020

Ellagic acid is an important phytochemical present in different plants such as Strawberry, Grapes, Blackberry, Raspberry etc. Chemically, ellagic acid is 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrahydroxychromeno [5, 4, 3-cde] chromene-5, 10-dione. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the dimerization of gallic acid molecules by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonization. Ellagic acid has been reported for various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic etc. Various analytical methods based on spectrophotometry, chromatography, hyphenated techniques, capillary zone electrophoresis etc. have been developed for identification and quantification of ellagic acid in natural sources and formulations. The present review provides detailed information on quantitative analysis of ellagic acid present in Strawberry, Grapes, Blackberry, Raspberry, Cranberry; Syzygium cumini seed extract, Woodfordia fruticosa plant extract, Potentilla species extracts etc. It also focuses on analytical methods for quantification of ellagic acid in herbal and traditional formulations such as Ashwagandharishta, Triphala churna, Dhatrinisha churna, Arjunarishta, Manjisthadi churna.
Solvent impregnated resins for the treatment of aqueous solutions containing different compounds: a review
Authors: Batra Sakshi , Awasthi Anjali , Iqbal Muzaffar , Datta Dipaloy
Published: August 2020

In this review paper, a complete study and analysis of the research articles dealing with the removal of various organic and inorganic pollutants using solvent impregnated resins (SIR) is carried out. The method of impregnation, characterizations of prepared resin, and regeneration techniques of different SIRs for batch and continuous fixed bed columns are presented. The effects of different operating parameters (e.g., loading of solvent on the resin, dosage of adsorbent, initial solute concentration, pH, temperature, time, ionic strength) on the separation efficiency of SIR in the batch mode are discussed. Thermodynamic parameters (change in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy) are tabulated from the data available in the literature, and if not given, then their values are calculated and presented. The influence of parameters (flow rate, bed height, pH, concentration of the solution, etc.) on the fixed bed column performance is analyzed. Design aspects of the column are also discussed, and the dimensions of fixed bed columns for industrial applications are proposed.
Role of Reynolds and Archimedes numbers in particle-fluid flows
Authors: Kalman Haim
Published: August 2020

Any scientific behavior is best represented by nondimensional numbers. However, in many cases, for pneumatic conveying systems, dimensional equations are developed and used. In some cases, many of the nondimensional equations include Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers; they are usually defined for a limited range of materials and operating conditions. This study demonstrates that most of the relevant flow types, whether in horizontal or vertical pipes, can be better described by Re and Archimedes (Ar) numbers. Ar can also be used in hydraulic conveying systems. This paper presents many threshold velocities that are accurately defined by Re as a simple power function of Ar. Many particulate materials are considered by Ar, thereby linking them to a common behavior. Using various threshold velocities, a flow regime chart for horizontal conveying is presented in this paper.
Nanomaterial integration into the scaffolding materials for nerve tissue engineering: a review
Authors: Arzaghi Hamidreza , Adel Bashir , Jafari Hossein , Askarian-Amiri Shaghayegh , Shiralizadeh Dezfuli Amin , Akbarzadeh Abolfazl , Pazoki-Toroudi Hamidreza
Published: August 2020

The nervous system, which consists of a complex network of millions of neurons, is one of the most highly intricate systems in the body. This complex network is responsible for the physiological and cognitive functions of the human body. Following injuries or degenerative diseases, damage to the nervous system is overwhelming because of its complexity and its limited regeneration capacity. However, neural tissue engineering currently has some capacities for repairing nerve deficits and promoting neural regeneration, with more developments in the future. Nevertheless, controlling the guidance of stem cell proliferation and differentiation is a challenging step towards this goal. Nanomaterials have the potential for the guidance of the stem cells towards the neural lineage which can overcome the pitfalls of the classical methods since they provide a unique microenvironment that facilitates cell–matrix and cell–cell interaction, and they can manipulate the cell signaling mechanisms to control stem cells’ fate. In this article, the suitable cell sources and microenvironment cues for neuronal tissue engineering were examined. Afterward, the nanomaterials that impact stem cell proliferation and differentiation towards neuronal lineage were reviewed.
Picking Winners: Identifying Leading Sectors for Egypt and Tunisia Using the Product Space Methodology
Authors: El-Haddad Amirah
Published: August 2020

The structural transformation of countries moves them towards more sophisticated, higher-value products. Network analysis, using the Product Space Methodology (PSM), guides countries towards leading export sectors. The identification process rests on two pillars: (1) available opportunities, that is, products in the product space that the country does not yet export which are more sophisticated than its current exports; and (2) the stock of a country’s accumulated productive knowledge and the technical capabilities that, through spillovers, enable it to produce slightly more sophisticated products. The PSM points to a tradeoff between capabilities and complexity. It identifies very basic future products that match the two countries’ equally basic capabilities. Top products are simple animal products, cream and yogurt, modestly sophisticated plastics, metals and minerals such as salt and sulphur for Egypt; and slightly more sophisticated products such as containers and bobbins (plastics) and broom handles and wooden products for Tunisia, which is the more advanced of the two countries. A more interventionist approach steers the economy towards maximum sophistication, thus identifying highly complex manufactured metals, machinery, equipment, electronics and chemicals. Despite pushing for economic growth and diversification, these sectors push urban job creation and require high-skill workers, with the implication that low-skilled labour may be pushed into unemployment or into low-value informal jobs. A middle ground is a forward-looking strategy that takes sectors’ shares in world trade into account.
Mathematical immunology: from phenomenological to multiphysics modelling
Authors: Bocharov Gennady A. , Grebennikov Dmitry S. , Savinkov Rostislav S.
Published: August 2020

Mathematical immunology is the branch of mathematics dealing with the application of mathematical methods and computational algorithms to explore the structure, dynamics, organization and regulation of the immune system in health and disease. We review the conceptual and mathematical foundation of modelling in immunology formulated by Guri I. Marchuk. The current frontier studies concerning the development of multiscale multiphysics integrative models of the immune system are presented.
Global optimization based on TT-decomposition
Authors: Zheltkov Dmitry , Tyrtyshnikov Eugene
Published: August 2020

In contrast to many other heuristic and stochastic methods, the global optimization based on TT-decomposition uses the structure of the optimized functional and hence allows one to obtain the global optimum in some problem faster and more reliable. The method is based on the TT-cross method of interpolation of tensors. In this case, the global optimum can be found in practice even in the case when the approximation of the tensor does not possess a high accuracy. We present a detailed description of the method and its justification for the matrix case and rank-1 approximation.
Comparison of empirical and dynamic models for HIV viral load rebound after treatment interruption
Authors: Bing Ante , Hu Yuchen , Prague Melanie , Hill Alison L. , Li Jonathan Z. , Bosch Ronald J. , DeGruttola Victor , Wang Rui
Published: August 2020

Objective

To compare empirical and mechanistic modeling approaches for describing HIV-1 RNA viral load trajectories after antiretroviral treatment interruption and for identifying factors that predict features of viral rebound process.

Methods

We apply and compare two modeling approaches in analysis of data from 346 participants in six AIDS Clinical Trial Group studies. From each separate analysis, we identify predictors for viral set points and delay in rebound. Our empirical model postulates a parametric functional form whose parameters represent different features of the viral rebound process, such as rate of rise and viral load set point. The viral dynamics model augments standard HIV dynamics models–a class of mathematical models based on differential equations describing biological mechanisms–by including reactivation of latently infected cells and adaptive immune response. We use Monolix, which makes use of a Stochastic Approximation of the Expectation–Maximization algorithm, to fit non-linear mixed effects models incorporating observations that were below the assay limit of quantification.

Results

Among the 346 participants, the median age at treatment interruption was 42. Ninety-three percent of participants were male and sixty-five percent, white non-Hispanic. Both models provided a reasonable fit to the data and can accommodate atypical viral load trajectories. The median set points obtained from two approaches were similar: 4.44 log10copies/mL from the empirical model and 4.59 log10copies/mL from the viral dynamics model. Both models revealed that higher nadir CD4 cell counts and ART initiation during acute/recent phase were associated with lower viral set points and identified receiving a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based pre-ATI regimen as a predictor for a delay in rebound.

Conclusion

Although based on different sets of assumptions, both models lead to similar conclusions regarding features of viral rebound process.
Volunteering in the Context of Women’s Activism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Popov-Momčinović Zlatiborka
Published: August 2020

The author analyses volunteering in Bosnia and Herzegovina, focusing on women’s activism in connection with values associated with the concept of civil society, such as solidarity, equity, and reciprocity. Civil society in Bosnia and Herzegovina generally suffers from fragmentation, donor-driven approaches, insufficient transparency and low trust among the general population, all of which present obstacles to voluntary work, as does a legal framework which is certainly not conducive to volunteering. Unlike organizations that do no more than promote the interests of their members, or groups connected to or controlled by political parties, women’s organizations are often seen as undertaking genuine activism. The author reveals differences in attitudes to volunteer work among individual women in organizations of varying sizes, explaining that those differences depend to some extent on women’s locations, ages or experience. Both inter-group and intra-group dynamics, including women’s networks, provide additional insights into voluntarism, especially with regard to the value of solidarity.
More than a marginal phenomenon: Relevance and content-related aspects of mediated sport scandals
Authors: Ludwig Mark , Oelrichs Inga
Published: August 2020

The salience of mediated scandals today is deeply linked with the formation of norms and values in our society. This is a particular challenge for the field of sport as the compliance with norms and values is of particular relevance in this social area. The paper shows the extent of scandalization in sport reporting and discusses possible implications for sport. Therefore, it offers a definition and typology for sport scandals. It indicates why sport scandals might have a fundamental share of overall scandal reporting today in comparison to other fields of society. The paper further emphasizes content-related aspects such as celebrity status, sport discipline and type of sport scandal. In the empirical portion, a quantitative content analysis of all reported scandals in three German newspapers over a period of one year is provided. Implications of the findings for athletes, organizations, and society are discussed.
Characterization and experimental verification of actively mode-locked erbium doped fiber laser utilizing ring cavity
Authors: Tahhan Shaymaa Riyadh , Atieh Ahmad , Hasan Mehedi , Hall Trevor
Published: August 2020

A simple active mode-locked erbium-doped fiber (EDF) ring laser is characterized and experimentally demonstrated. The active mode-locked laser can be tuned in the C-band wavelength range 1525 nm to 1565 nm using a tunable bandpass filter placed in the cavity. An intensity modulator placed inside the laser cavity is driven using a sinusoidal signal at different repetition rates. The laser can produce trains of pulses with a width that is controlled using the mode-locking order. The experiments demonstrated an active mode-locked laser that can generate pulse trains with 39 ns width at multiple cavity fundamental frequency of 0.67 MHz repetition rate. Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effect of the tunable filter bandwidth and the power of the EDF 980 nm pump on the mode-locking process and produced pulses width.
Young children’s affective stance through embodied displays of emotion during tellings
Authors: Bateman Amanda
Published: August 2020

Storytelling provides opportunities for children to practise displays of affective stance. Children’s spontaneous tellings are noticeable as systematic and organized work, which are locally occasioned and triggered by a prior utterance where emotional responses are as significant as the tellings themselves. Affective stances are often observed in children’s tellings, encouraging children’s disposition to learn through active engagement with others, learning acceptable behaviours in meaningful social and cultural ways. This article explores how displays of heightened affect are prompted and responded to and progress the development of storylines within young children’s everyday storytelling. The data were collected in early childhood kindergartens in New Zealand and analysed using conversation analysis. The findings show that there is often elaboration/escalation of a telling, as peers respond by including additional characters within a continued topic in a display of heightened emotion shown through voice pitch and tone, as well as overt facial and bodily expression. Opportunities for practising displays of ‘correct’ emotional responses to tellings are important for young children in contributing to everyday socialising practises through real-life everyday experiences.
Study on Influence of Diameter on Detonation Acoustic Characteristics of Pulse Detonation Engine
Authors: Xu Gui-yang , Wang Chun-guang , Zhu Yan-fang , Li Hong-yan , Gong Lun-kun , Wang Jiang-ning
Published: August 2020

The experiment system of pulse detonation engine is set up to investigate on influence of diameter on detonation acoustic characteristic. The research of detonation acoustic characteristic of pulse detonation engine for four different diameters in different angles is carried out. Results from the test show that as the PDE diameter increasing, there are increases in amplitudes of impact noise in all angles, and the growth rate of amplitude of impact noise in the 90° direction is generally greater than that in the 0° direction. The smaller PDE diameter is, the distance of most obvious directivity at 0° turning to most obvious directivity at 30° is shorter. When the distance is shorter, such as 200 mm, the duration of detonation acoustic is increasing with the increase of PDE diameter, however, when the distance is longer, such as 3000 mm, it is just the opposite. The maximum duration of detonation acoustic is appeared in 3000 mm under 30 mm PDE diameter which reaches to 1.44 ms.
Deriving clitic cluster formation through movement: A dialectal case study from Spanish
Authors: Romain Ian James
Published: August 2020

In light of recent work on syntactic head movement and clitic movement in Phase Theory, this paper argues for a feature-based, head-movement account of argumental object clitics in Spanish. The novelty of the proposal outlined in this paper is the extension of a movement approach to indirect object (IO) clitics, which are commonly regarded in the literature as base-generated verb-agreement morphemes. It is shown that IO clitics, like their DO counterparts, engage in probe/goal relations to value and delete uninterpretable Case features, and, upon Agree, cliticize via head movement. Chomsky’s operation ofinheritance(2008) figures in this account, as it helps explain the derived order of clitics in IO-DO clusters in Spanish. This study is the first of its kind in offering a unified movement proposal for both types of argumental object clitics, while at the same time maintaining the simplest ‘Minimalist’ assumption that both are pronouns of the category DP. Finally, the syntactic analysis proposed for the derivation of argumental clusters is applied to derive dialectally-attested strings composed of three members in which the foremost form is a non-argumental SE clitic.
Structural diversity of salts of terpyridine derivatives with europium(III) located in both, cation and anion, in comparison to molecular complexes
Authors: Sedykh Alexander E. , Bissert Robin , Kurth Dirk G. , Müller-Buschbaum Klaus
Published: August 2020

Three salts of the common composition [EuCl2(X-tpy)2][EuCl4(X-tpy)]·nMeCN were obtained from EuCl3·6H2O and the respective organic ligands (X-tpy = 4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine ptpy, 4′-(pyridin-4-yl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine 4-pytpy, and 4′-(pyridin-3-yl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine 3-pytpy). These ionic complexes are examples of salts, in which both cation and anion contain Eu3+ with the same organic ligands and chlorine atoms coordinated. As side reaction, acetonitrile transforms into acetamide resulting in the crystallization of the complex [EuCl3(ptpy)(acetamide)] (4). Salts [EuCl2(ptpy)2][EuCl4(ptpy)]·2.34MeCN (1), [EuCl2(4-pytpy)2][EuCl4(4-pytpy)]·0.11MeCN (2), and [EuCl2(3-pytpy)2][EuCl4(3-pytpy)]·MeCN (3) crystallize in different structures (varying in space group and crystal packing) due to variation of the rear atom of the ligand to a coordinative site. Additionally, we show and compare structural variability through the dimeric complexes [Eu2Cl6(ptpy)2(N,N′-spacer)]·N,N′-spacer (5, 6, 7) obtained from [EuCl3(ptpy)(py)] by exchanging the end-on ligand pyridine with several bipyridines (4,4′-bipyridine bipy, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane bpa, and 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene bpe). In addition, photophysical (photoluminescence) and thermal properties are presented.
Nonlinear dynamics of ion-acoustic waves in quantum plasmas with exchange-correlation effects
Authors: Shome Pinki , Sahu Biswajit , Poria Swarup
Published: August 2020

Nonlinear properties of ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) are studied in electron-ion (EI) degenerate plasma with the electron exchange-correlation effects by using the quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) model. To investigate arbitrary amplitude IAWs, we have reduced the model equations into a system of ordinary differential equations using a traveling wave transformation. Computational investigations have been performed to examine the combined effect of Bohm potential and exchange-correlation potential significantly modifies the dynamics of IAWs by employing the concept of dynamical systems. The equilibrium points of the model are determined and its stability natures are analyzed. The phase portrait and Poincaré return map of the dynamical system are displayed numerically. Quasiperiodic as well as chaotic dynamics of the system are confirmed through the Poincaré return map diagrams.
Permanent solutions for some oscillatory motions of fluids with power-law dependence of viscosity on the pressure and shear stress on the boundary
Authors: Fetecau Constantin , Rauf Abdul , Mushtaq Qureshi Tahir , Khan Masood
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we provide simple expressions for the permanent solutions corresponding to some oscillatory motions of two classes of Newtonian fluids with power-law dependence of viscosity on the pressure between two infinite horizontal parallel plates. The fluid motion is generated by the lower plate that applies an oscillatory shear stress to the fluid. Such solutions, which are lack in the existing literature, can be useful both for those who want to eliminate the transients from their experiments and as tests to verify numerical schemes that are developed to study complex unsteady flow problems of these fluids. The similar solutions corresponding to the motion due to a constant shear stress on the boundary are also determined and, contrary to our expectations, the shear stresses are constant on the whole flow domain although the associated velocity fields depend both of the spatial variable and the dimensionless pressure-viscosity coefficient. Finally, for validation, some comparative graphical illustrations are included and the convergence of starting solutions to the permanent solutions is graphically proved. Spatial profiles of starting solutions are also provided.
Synthesis and structural characterization of a three-dimensional two-fold interpenetrated coordination polymer constructed from bis(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanone and 1,1ʹ-biphenyl-2,2ʹ-dicarboxylate ligands for cadmium(II)
Authors: Wang Gao-Feng , Sun Shu-Wen , Sun Hong , Wei Bo-Hui , Zhao Yan-Fei , Meng Li-Xin
Published: August 2020

A three-dimensional (3D) two-fold interpenetrated coordination polymer, {[Cd(bipmo)(bpda)]·1.25(H2O)}
n
(1), (bipmo = bis(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanone, H2bpda = 1,1ʹ-biphenyl-2,2ʹ-dicarboxylic acid), was synthesized by a solvothermal method. It has been characterized by elemental analyses, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The topological structure of 1 consists of uninodal dia nets with two-fold penetration. The thermal stability and the luminescence properties of complex 1 were investigated.
Influence of meso-linker attachment on the formation of core···π interactions in urea-functionalized porphyrins
Authors: Flanagan Keith J. , Ryan Aoife A. , Twamley Brendan , Senge Mathias O.
Published: August 2020

The ability to cover the face of a porphyrin macrocycle selectively is an attractive feature for concepts such as catalysis and anion binding that is reliant on porphyrin core interactions. Herein, we have synthesized a family of mono-urea functionalized porphyrin complexes with intent to investigate their potential to form core···π interactions selectively to one face of the porphyrin macrocycle. By altering the distance between the urea moiety and the porphyrin through direct linkage or introducing a linker group we can control the formation of the core interactions. This is clearly seen in the crystal structure of 1-phenyl-3-(2-([10,15,20-triphenylporphyrinato]zinc(II)-5-yl)phenyl)urea where a unique face capping effect is demonstrated. In the crystal of this complex, there is a hydrogen-bonding network between the urea group and the axial methanol ligand forming head-to-tail aggregates with the Zn–O axis all molecules pointing in one direction.
Thoughts on Citizenship in Latin America, with Particular Reference to Mexico
Authors: Gillingham Paul
Published: August 2020

This essay analyzes citizenship in Latin America, providing both comparative context and a schema for the phenomenon in Mexico. It identifies a region-wide “century of citizenship” that ran from the rise of liberal regimes in the 1850s to the eclipse of populist government in the 1960s, using concepts from historical sociology to discuss the common outlines of citizenship and the extent to which they apply or fail to apply to Mexican history. Key among those outlines are the prevalence of the ideas and practices of citizenship, both inside and outside of the state’s formal structures, and the spaces and places where those ideas and practices are developed and perpetuated. It concludes with the exploratory typology of the “four Bs,” the processes through which historical actors build, form boundaries, bicker over, and break citizenship.
Bodies and Souls
Authors: Reyes Sofía Crespo , Fuentes Pamela J.
Published: August 2020

This article examines debates about the bodies and souls of women prostitutes in Mexico City that confronted the revolutionary Mexican government with the Catholic Church in the 1920s. We analyze the philanthropic activities of women’s organizations such as the Damas Católicas through the Ejército de Defensa de la Mujer and the ways in which they engaged in political roles at a time of fierce political struggle between the Catholic Church and the Mexican government. For both the government and Catholic women, it was deemed necessary to isolate and seclude the prostitutes’ bodies to cure them of venereal diseases and rehabilite them morally. While the government interned them at Hospital Morelos, Catholic women established a private assistance network, as well as so-called casas de regeneración, where former prostitutes had to work to sustain themselves while repenting for their sins and receiving the sacraments. By exploring the tension-filled interaction about women prostitutes between the Mexican government and the Catholic Church, we seek to contribute to the understanding of sexuality and prostitution in Mexico City in the 1920s.
Participación y movilizaciones ciudadanas como mecanismos de cohesión social en la frontera norte
Authors: Pérez Josefina Elizabeth Villa
Published: August 2020

Los esfuerzos bélicos en Norteamérica en la costa del Pacífico durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial reavivaron el flujo turístico hacia la ciudad de Tijuana. Pero el protagonismo que habían mantenido los negocios turísticos, desde la llamada “era de las prohibiciones”, respecto a la organización del espacio se vio mermado ante las demandas de la creciente población mexicana entre las décadas de 1940 y 1950. El propósito de este artículo es describir cómo en esta nueva concentración urbana las facultades ciudadanas empezaron a manifestarse mediante la participación colectiva en acciones y discursos que pugnaron siempre por mantener la cohesión social a través del mejoramiento social, material y moral de la ciudad.
Factors related to the knowledge of nursing professionals about pharmacovigilance
Authors: Macêdo Giovanna Gabrielly Custódio , Oliveira-Figueirêdo Danielle Samara Tavares de , Andrade Lidiane Lima de , Carvalho Mariana Albernaz Pinheiro de
Published: August 2020

Objective: to verify the factors related to the knowledge of nursing professionals about pharmacovigilance. Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out with 271 nursing professionals, with university and school level, through convenience sampling. A questionnaire, consisting of two parts, was used: one about the sociodemographic and professional profile, and the other about knowledge in pharmacovigilance and the practice of reporting adverse events related to medications. The data were analyzed in a descriptive and inferential manner, through comparison and correlation tests, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: the knowledge score showed statistical differences in relation to professional training, function performed in the institution and the age of the professionals, while the practice of notifications did not obtain significantly statistical differences. Conclusion: the factors related to the knowledge in pharmacovigilance of nursing professionals were professional training, the role played in the institution and the age of the professionals.
Thyroid cancer in the age of COVID-19
Authors: Tsang Venessa H M , Gild Matti , Glover Anthony , Clifton-Bligh Roderick , Robinson Bruce G
Published: August 2020

COVID-19 has modified the way we practice medicine. For thyroid cancer, there have been several significant impacts. First, the diagnosis has been delayed due to social isolation, reduced access to investigations and staff redeployment. Secondly, treatment planning has needed to take into account the risk to patients and/or staff of nosocomial transmission of the virus. Finally, there are some specific concerns with respect to interactions between the virus, its treatments and cancer. This mini-review aims to address each of these impacts and to provide some guidance and confidence to our patients and colleagues during this challenging time.
Der Widerruf von Verbraucherdarlehensverträgen nach europäischem und deutschem Recht
Authors: Freitag Robert
Published: August 2020

Fast zwanzig Jahre nach Erlass der Richtlinie 2002/65/EG über den Fernabsatz von Finanzdienstleistungen und gut zehn Jahre nach Ablauf der Umsetzungsfrist für die Richtlinie 2008/48/EG über Verbraucherkreditverträge sorgt eine Trias aktueller Urteile des Gerichtshofs der Europäischen Union zu den widerrufsrechtlichen Bestimmungen dieser Richtlinien für Aufsehen. Dies gilt insbesondere für das Urteil „Sparkasse Saarlouis“ vom 26. 3. 2020, mit dem der EuGH die mit Gesetzlichkeitsfiktion ausgestattete deutsche Musterwiderrufsbelehrung für unvereinbar mit der Verbraucherkreditrichtlinie erklärt hat. Ähnlich wie bereits zu Beginn des Jahrtausends, als die „Heininger“-Entscheidungen von EuGH, BGH und BVerfG zu europäischer Haustürwiderrufsrichtlinie und nationalem Haustürwiderrufsgesetz den Verbrauchern zu einem im geschriebenen nationalen Recht nicht vorgesehenen Widerrufsrecht verholfen haben, droht durch die mögliche Wiederauferstehung des tot geglaubten „Widerrufsjokers“ erheblicher rechtspolitischer Flurschaden. So wie damals steht heute neben der Verlässlichkeit des nationalen Rechts insbesondere für die Kreditwirtschaft viel auf dem Spiel. All das gibt Anlass, sich mit den einschlägigen Entscheidungen des EuGH und ihren Auswirkungen auf das deutsche Verbraucherdarlehens- und Widerrufsrecht näher zu befassen. Zugleich ist auch das bislang in seiner Grundkonzeption bislang noch unbeanstandete Widerrufsfolgenregime auf den Prüfstand zu stellen.
Severe Maternal Morbidity and Infant Mortality in Canada
Authors: Aoyama Kazuyoshi , Park Alison L. , Davidson Alexander J. F. , Ray Joel G.
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:

Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) comprises an array of conditions and procedures denoting an acutely life-threatening pregnancy-related condition. SMM may further compromise fetal well-being. Empirical data are lacking about the relation between SMM and infant mortality.

METHODS:

This population-based cohort study included 1 892 857 singleton births between 2002 and 2017 in Ontario, Canada, within a universal health care system. The exposure was SMM as an overall construct arising from 23 weeks’ gestation up to 42 days after the index delivery. The primary outcome was infant mortality from birth to 365 days. Multivariable modified Poisson regression generated relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for maternal age, income, rurality, world region of origin, diabetes mellitus, and chronic hypertension.

RESULTS:

Infant mortality occurred among 174 of 19 587 live births with SMM (8.9 per 1000) vs 5289 of 1 865 791 live births without SMM (2.8 per 1000) (an adjusted relative risk of 2.93 [95% CI 2.51–3.41]). Of 19 587 pregnancies with SMM, 4523 (23.1%) had sepsis. Relative to births without SMM, the adjusted odds ratio for infant death from sepsis was 1.95 (95% CI 1.10–3.45) if SMM occurred without maternal sepsis and 6.36 (95% CI 3.50–11.55) if SMM included sepsis.

CONCLUSIONS:

SMM confers a higher risk of infant death. There is also coupling tendency (concurrent event of interest) between SMM with sepsis and infant death from sepsis. Identification of preventable SMM indicators, as well as the development of strategies to limit their onset or progression, may reduce infant mortality.
Effects of Long-Term and Short-Term Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Physical Fitness after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Ko Duk Han , Lee Kyujin , Chung Jinwook
Published: August 2020

BackgroundCardiac rehabilitation programs reduce the likelihood of relapse and cardiac arrest in patients with cor-onary artery disease. The goal of this study was to compare and analyze changes in cardiovascular risk factors and physical fitness in patients who participated in short-term (ST) and long-term (LT) cardiac rehabilitation programs following coronary artery percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

MethodsThis study included 193 men aged ≥45 years who received PCI for coronary artery occlusive disease. The participants were divided into ST program participants (3 months, 108 participants; ST group) and LT program participants (12 months, 85 participants; LT group). Blood lipids analysis, body composition, and physical fitness tests were performed to assess cardiovascular risk factors and physical fitness. Paired t-test and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures were used to investigate the effect of the intervention. ResultsBoth groups had significant improvements after cardiac rehabilitation in body fat, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, exercise duration, heart rate (HR) at rest, double product peak, VO2 peak, 6-min walking, and sit-to-stand, compared to baseline. The LT group also had significant improvements after cardiac rehabili-tation in waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and HR peak. LT group had significantly improved effect than ST group in WC, TC, TG, exercise time, HR peak, and 6-min walking.

ConclusionThe cardiac rehabilitation program led to improved cardiovascular risk factors and physical fitness, and the LT program was more effective than the ST program.
12 Tips for Pivoting to Teaching in a Virtual Environment
Authors: Collins Benjamin , Day Ryan , Hamilton Joanne , Legris Kathleen , Mawdsley Helen , Walsh Tanya
Published: August 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. COVID-19 has necessitated a rapid shift to teaching in virtual environments across the educational spectrum. In this respect, instructors previously unfamiliar, or under-familiar, with virtual teaching environments need to learn quickly and effectively how these environments work and how they can be used to successfully deliver courses, especially within health professions education contexts. These twelve tips provide insight on the practice of teaching in virtual environments, from course design, to student engagement, to assessment practices, to maximising the potential that technology can provide for both the instructor and the students. Moreover, these tips inform virtual pedagogical practices in the health professions for all levels of experience.