bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A tiered approach to prioritizing registered pesticides for potential cancer hazard evaluations: implications for decision making
Authors: Schwingl Pamela J. , Lunn Ruth M. , Mehta Suril S.
Published: February 2021

Background

Over 800 pesticides are registered for use in the United States. Human studies indicate concern that some pesticides currently in use in large quantities may also pose a carcinogenic hazard. Our objective is to identify candidates for future hazard evaluations among pesticides used in high volumes in the United States and also classified as potential carcinogens by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). We also identify data gaps where further research is needed.

Methods

We used a systematic, two-tiered review approach to prioritize pesticides. First, we identified currently registered pesticides classified by USEPA as “possible”, “suggestive”, or “likely” human carcinogens. Among these, we selected pesticides USEPA has listed as commonly used by volume in at least one sector (agriculture, home and garden, or industry, commercial, and/or government), and those without a published hazard evaluation in the past 5 years. Second, we searched primary literature databases for peer-reviewed human cancer studies reporting pesticide-specific data published since the last USEPA carcinogenicity evaluation for each pesticide, and created evidence maps of the number of studies meeting our criteria for each identified pesticide. No evaluation of study results or risk-of-bias assessments were conducted.

Results

We identified 18 pesticides meeting our selection criteria, 16 pesticides had information from human cancer studies published after their initial carcinogenicity review. Of these, eight pesticides had at least three studies for one or more cancer sites: carbaryl, dichloropropene, dimethoate, mancozeb, metolachlor, pendimethalin, permethrin, and trifluralin. A major limitation in the literature revealed a shortage of studies reporting risk estimates for individual pesticides, rather pesticides were grouped by chemical class.

Conclusions

Our scoping report provides a map of the existing literature on real-world exposures and human cancer that has accumulated on pesticides classified as potential carcinogens by USEPA and used in high volumes. We also illustrate that several pesticides which are “data-rich” may warrant updated authoritative hazard evaluations. Our two-tiered approach and utilization of evidence mapping can be used to inform future decision-making to update cancer hazard evaluations.
Prevalence of abnormal umbilical arterial flow on Doppler ultrasound in low-risk and unselected pregnant women: a systematic review
Authors: Vogel Joshua P. , Vannevel Valerie , Robbers Gianna , Gwako George , Lavin Tina , Adanikin Abiodun , Hlongwane Tsakane , Pattinson Robert C. , Qureshi Zahida P. , Oladapo Olufemi T.
Published: February 2021

Background

While Doppler ultrasound screening is beneficial for women with high-risk pregnancies, there is insufficient evidence on its benefits and harms in low- and unselected-risk pregnancies. This may be related to fewer events of abnormal Doppler flow, however the prevalence of absent or reversed end diastolic flow (AEDF or REDF) in such women is unknown. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesise available data on the prevalence of AEDF or REDF.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Global Index Medicus with no date, setting or language restrictions. All randomized or non-randomized studies reporting AEDF or REDF prevalence based on Doppler assessment of umbilical arterial flow > 20 weeks’ gestation were eligible. Two authors assessed eligibility and extracted data on primary (AEDF and REDF) and secondary (fetal, perinatal, and neonatal mortality, caesarean section) outcomes, with results presented descriptively.

Results

A total of 42 studies (18,282 women) were included. Thirty-six studies reported zero AEDF or REDF cases. However, 55 AEDF or REDF cases were identified from just six studies (prevalence 0.08% to 2.13%). Four of these studies were in unselected-risk women and five were conducted in high-income countries. There was limited evidence from low- and middle-income countries.

Conclusions

Evidence from largely observational studies in higher-income countries suggests that AEDF and REDF are rare among low- and unselected-risk pregnant women. There are insufficient data from lower-income countries and further research is required.
Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-based rapid diagnostic kits in Pakistan: formulation of COVID-19 national testing strategy
Authors: Saeed Umar , Uppal Sara Rizwan , Piracha Zahra Zahid , Rasheed Azhar , Aftab Zubair , Zaheer Hafsah , Uppal Rizwan
Published: February 2021

Rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 during pandemic enables timely treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Evaluating the accuracy and reliability of rapid diagnostic testing kits is crucial for surveillance and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections in general population, injection drug users, multi-transfused populations, healthcare workers, prisoners, barbers and other high risk populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate performance and effectiveness of nasopharyngeal swab (NSP) and saliva based rapid antigen detection testing kits in comparison with USFDA approved triple target gold standard real-time polymerase chain reaction. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 33,000 COVID-19 suspected patients. From RT-PCR positive patients, nasopharyngeal swab (NSP) and saliva samples were obtained for evaluation of rapid COVID-19 testing kits (RDT). 100/33,000 (0.3%) of specimens were RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among RT-PCR positive, 62% were males, 34% were females, and 4% were children. The NSP-RDT (Lepu Medical China) analysis revealed 53% reactivity among males, 58% reactivity among females, and 25% reactivity among children. However saliva based RDT (Lepu Medical China) analysis showed 21% reactivity among males and 23% among females, and no reactivity in children. False negative results were significantly more pronounced in saliva based RDT as compared to NSP-RDT. The sensitivity of these NSP-RDT and saliva based RDT were 52% and 21% respectively. The RDTs evaluated in this study showed limited sensitivities in comparison to gold standard RT-PCR, indicating that there is a dire need in Pakistan for development of suitable testing to improve accurate COVID-19 diagnosis in line with national demands.
Comparing rapid micro-induction and standard induction of buprenorphine/naloxone for treatment of opioid use disorder: protocol for an open-label, parallel-group, superiority, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wong James S. H. , Nikoo Mohammadali , Westenberg Jean N. , Suen Janet G. , Wong Jennifer Y. C. , Krausz Reinhard M. , Schütz Christian G. , Vogel Marc , Sidhu Jesse A. , Moe Jessica , Arishenkoff Shane , Griesdale Donald , Mathew Nickie , Azar Pouya
Published: February 2021

Background

Buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone) is a current first-line treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). The standard induction method of buprenorphine/naloxone requires patients to be abstinent from opioids and therefore experience withdrawal symptoms prior to induction, which can be a barrier in starting treatment. Rapid micro-induction (micro-dosing) involves the administration of small, frequent does of buprenorphine/naloxone and removes the need for a period of withdrawal prior to the start of treatment. This study aims to compare the effectiveness and safety of rapid micro-induction versus standard induction of buprenorphine/naloxone in patients with OUD.

Methods

This is a randomized, open-label, two-arm, superiority, controlled trial comparing the safety and effectiveness of rapid micro-induction versus standard induction of buprenorphine/naloxone for the treatment of OUD. A total of 50 participants with OUD will be randomized at one Canadian hospital. The primary outcome is the completion of buprenorphine/naloxone induction with low levels of withdrawal. Secondary outcomes are treatment retention, illicit drug use, self-reported drug use behaviour, craving, pain, physical health, safety, and client satisfaction.

Discussion

This is the first randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness and safety of rapid micro-induction versus standard induction of buprenorphine/naloxone. This study will thereby generate evidence for a novel induction method which eliminates substantial barriers to the use of buprenorphine/naloxone in the midst of the ongoing opioid crisis.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04234191; date of registration: January 21, 2020; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04234191
Evidence for the effects of decommissioning man-made structures on marine ecosystems globally: a systematic map protocol
Authors: Lemasson Anaëlle J. , Knights Antony M. , Thompson Murray , Lessin Gennadi , Beaumont Nicola , Pascoe Christine , Queirós Ana M. , McNeill Louise , Schratzberger Michaela , Somerfield Paul J.
Published: February 2021

Background

Numerous man-made structures (MMS) have been installed in various parts of the ocean (e.g. oil and gas structures, offshore wind installations). Many are now at, or nearing, the end of their intended life. Currently, we only have a limited understanding of decommissioning effects. In many locations, such as the North Sea, regulations restrict decommissioning options to complete removal, with little consideration of alternative management options might offer. To generate a reliable evidence-base to inform the decision-making processes pertaining to marine MMS management, we propose a wide-encompassing systematic map of published research on the ecosystem effects (including ecosystem services) of marine MMS while in place and following cessation of operations (i.e. including effects of alternative decommissioning options). This map is undertaken as part of the UKRI DREAMS project which aims to develop a system to show the relative effects of implementing different decommissioning strategies in the North Sea.

Method

For the purpose of this map, we will keep our focus global, in order to subsequently draw comparisons between marine regions. The proposed map will aim to answer the following two primary questions: 1. What published evidence exists for the effects of marine man-made structures while in place on the marine ecosystem? 2. What published evidence exists for the effects of the decommissioning of marine man-made structures on the marine ecosystem? The map will follow the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence Guidelines and Standards for Evidence Synthesis in Environmental Management. Searches will be run primarily in English in at least 13 databases and 4 websites. Returns will be screened at title/abstract level and at full-text against pre-defined criteria. Relevant meta-data will be extracted for each study included. Results will be used to build a database of evidence, which will be made freely available. This map, expected to be large, will improve our knowledge of the available evidence for the ecosystem effects of MMS in the global marine environment. It will subsequently inform the production of multiple systematic-reviews and meta-analyses.
Mapping the organizational readiness to change assessment to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Kononowech Jennifer , Hagedorn Hildi , Hall Carmen , Helfrich Christian D. , Lambert-Kerzner Anne C. , Miller Susan C. , Sales Anne E. , Damschroder Laura
Published: February 2021

Background

Implementation researchers recognize the influential role of organizational factors and, thus, seek to assess these factors using quantitative measurement instruments. However, researchers are hindered by instruments that measure similar constructs but rely on different nomenclature and/or definitions. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) provides a taxonomy of constructs derived from prior frameworks and empirical studies of implementation-related constructs. The CFIR includes constructs based on the original Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) framework which highlights the key roles of strength of evidence for a specific evidence-based intervention (EBI), favorability of organizational context for change, and capacities to facilitate implementation of the EBI. Although the CFIR is among the most frequently used implementation frameworks, it does not include quantitative measures. The Organizational Resource and Context Assessment (ORCA) is a quantitative measurement instrument that was developed based on PARiHS, assessing its three domains. Factors within these three domains are conceptually similar to constructs in the CFIR but do not match directly. The aim of this work was to map ORCA survey items to CFIR constructs to enable direct comparisons and syntheses of findings across studies using the CFIR and/or ORCA.

Methods

Two distinct, independent research teams, each used rigorous constant comparative techniques with deliberation and consensus to map individual items from the ORCA to the five domains and 39 constructs of CFIR.

Results

ORCA items were mapped primarily to three of five CFIR domains: Inner Setting, Process, and Intervention Characteristics. The two research teams agreed on 88% of mappings at the higher domain level; at the lower construct level, their mappings aligned for 62.2% of the ORCA items.

Conclusions

Mapping results reveal that the ORCA focuses measurement prominently on Inner Setting, Process, and Intervention Characteristics. This mapping guide can help improve consistency in measurement and reporting, enabling more efficient comparison and synthesis of findings that use either the ORCA instrument or the CFIR framework. The guide helps advance implementation science utilizing mixed methods by providing CFIR users with quantitative measures for selected constructs and enables ORCA users to map their findings to CFIR constructs.
Phase III Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Andecaliximab With mFOLFOX6 as First-Line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Gastric or GEJ Adenocarcinoma (GAMMA-1)
Authors: Shah Manish A. , Bodoky Gyorgy , Starodub Alexander , Cunningham David , Yip Desmond , Wainberg Zev A. , Bendell Johanna , Thai Dung , He Joyce , Bhargava Pankaj , Ajani Jaffer A.
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE

Andecaliximab (ADX) is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 9, an extracellular enzyme involved in matrix remodeling, tumor growth, and metastases. A phase I and Ib study of modified oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil (mFOLFOX6) with ADX revealed encouraging antitumor activity in patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This phase III, randomized, double-blinded, placebo (PBO)-controlled multicenter study investigated the efficacy and safety of mFOLFOX6 with and without ADX in patients with untreated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma. Random assignment was 1:1 to mFOLFOX6 + ADX or mFOLFOX6 + PBO. ADX/PBO 800 mg was infused on days 1 and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Protocol therapy was given until disease progression or intolerance. The primary end point was overall survival (OS), and secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (RECIST 1.1), and safety.

RESULTS

Between September 2015 and May 2017, 432 patients were randomly assigned, 218 to ADX and 214 to PBO. The median OS was 12.5 versus 11.8 months in the ADX and PBO groups, respectively. The median PFS was 7.5 versus 7.1 months in the ADX and PBO groups, respectively. The objective response rate was 51% in the ADX group and 41% in the PBO group. Among the subgroup analyses, patients of age ≥ 65 years had an improved OS and PFS with ADX versus PBO; the P values and CIs were not adjusted for multiplicity. There were no meaningful differences in the safety profile of the ADX versus PBO groups.

CONCLUSION

The addition of ADX to mFOLFOX6 did not improve OS in unselected patients with untreated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma.
A Survey of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia on the Use, Monitoring, and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade
Authors: Faulk Debra J. , Austin Thomas M. , Thomas James J. , Strupp Kim , Macrae Andrew W. , Yaster Myron
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:

Although the package insert clearly states that “the safety and efficacy of sugammadex in pediatric patients have not been established,” we hypothesized that sugammadex is used widely in pediatric anesthetic practice supplanting neostigmine as the primary drug for antagonizing neuromuscular blockade (NMB). Additionally, we sought to identify the determinants by which pediatric anesthesiologists choose reversal agents and if and how they assess NMB in their practice. Finally, because of sugammadex’s effects on hormonal contraception, we sought to determine whether pediatric anesthesiologists counseled postmenarchal patients on the need for additional or alternative forms of contraception and the risk of unintended pregnancy in the perioperative period.

METHODS:

We e-mailed a questionnaire to all 3245 members of the Society of Pediatric Anesthesia (SPA) requesting demographic data and attitudes regarding use of NMB agents, monitoring, and antagonism practices. To address low initial response rates and quantify nonresponse bias, we sent a shortened follow-up survey to a randomly selected subsample (n = 75) of SPA members who did not initially respond. Response differences between the 2 cohorts were determined.

RESULTS:

Initial questionnaire response rate was 13% (419 of 3245). Overall, 163 respondents (38.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 34.2-43.8) used sugammadex as their primary reversal agent, and 106 (25.2%; 95% CI, 21.2-30.0) used it exclusively. Respondents with ≤5 years of practice used sugammadex as their primary reversal agent more often than those with ≥6 years of practice (odds ratio [OR]: 2.08; 95% CI, 1.31-3.31; P = .001). This increased utilization remained after controlling for institutional restriction and practice type (adjusted OR [aOR]: 2.20; 95% CI, 1.38-3.54; P = .001). Only 40% of practitioners always assess NMB (train-of-four), and use was inversely correlated with years of practice (Spearman ρ = −0.11, P = .04). Anesthesiologists who primarily used sugammadex assess NMB less routinely (OR: 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34-0.90; P = .01). A slim majority (52.8%) used sugammadex for pediatric postmenarchal girls; those with less experience used it more commonly (P < .001). Thirty-eight percent did not discuss its effects on hormonal contraception with the patient and/or family, independent of anesthesiologist experience (P = .33) and practice location (P = .38). No significant differences were seen in demographics or practice responses between initial and follow-up survey respondents.

CONCLUSIONS:

Sugammadex is commonly used in pediatric anesthesia, particularly among anesthesiologists with fewer years of practice. Failure to warn postmenarchal adolescents of its consequences may result in unintended pregnancies. Finally, pediatric anesthesia training programs should emphasize objective monitoring of NMB, particularly with sugammadex use.
The Effect of the Installation Angle of the Sky Quality Meter on the Night Sky Brightness and the Beginning of the Fajr Prayer Time
Authors: Raisal Abu Yazid , Hidayat Muhammad , Hermawan Leo , Rakhmadi Arwin Juli
Published: February 2021

Measuring the brightness of the night sky and determining the start of Fajr prayer times can be done using SQM. Observations were made at OIF UMSU with coordinates 3o 34' 55.06" N and 98o 43' 17.09" E. The sky brightness was measured using three SQMs mounted facing the zenith, eastern horizon, and western horizon. The night sky brightness values for SQM directed to the zenith, eastern horizon, and western horizon are 18.23 mpsas, 15.82 mpsas, and 15.47 mpsas. The beginning of fajr prayer time produced by SQM is after the beginning of fajr prayer time obtained using the Accurate Times concerning the Sun's altitude 18o below the horizon. The difference obtained by SQM directed to the zenith, eastern horizon, and western horizon is 29.5 minutes, 36.7 minutes, and 39.5 minutes. In other words, the beginning of Fajr prayer time used in Indonesia is earlier than it should be.
Literature Study of Understanding the Physical Concepts of Straight Motion Materials Using the Gasing Method
Authors: Prasetyo Erwin , Jatmiko Budi , Jufriansah Adi
Published: February 2021

Not all physics concepts must be understood and mastered by deriving formulas through differential or integral techniques. Mechanics, for example, can be understood with simple logic without formulas, variables, and numbers. The fun method, or known as the GASING method, is a science learning method that has been offered by Yohanes Surya since 1996. This method offers fun learning activities for students. This research is a literature review of several books and research articles related to learning physics science using top methods. It turns out that with the spinning method, the concepts of velocity and acceleration in straight motion material can be understood easily and can solve some physics problems about straight motion without complicated physics formulas. All these physics problems are solved by simple logic and expressed in words.
Analysis of Improving Students' Physics Conceptual Understanding through Discovery Learning Models Supported by Multi-representation: Measurement Topic
Authors: Sahara La , Nafarudin Nafarudin , Fayanto Suritno , Tairjanovna Babajanova Asal
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to analyze students' conceptual understanding by using a multi-representation assisted discovery learning model in measurement. This research was conducted in Public High School 1 Kendari. This research is a quasi-experimental study using a one-group pre-post test design. The research method consisted of a conceptual comprehension test using a caliper and a screw micrometer in an essay in the form of a multi-representational test on long measurements. The analysis showed an increase in conceptual understanding between the pre-test and post-test with an average pre-test score of 16.24 (SD = 14) and a post-test of 61.4 (SD = 21). These results indicate an increase in students' understanding of concepts after learning with an average N-gain increase of 0.5 (SD = 0.2) in the medium category. It also obtained the most significant increase in students' understanding of the indicators mentioned parts caliper and micrometer with an N-gain average of 0.6 in the medium category.
Short Communication: Second record of Eumops chiribaya (Chiroptera, Molossidae) in Peru
Authors: MEDINA CÉSAR EDGARDO , DÍAZ DARWIN RONALD , MALAGA BRIAN ANDREW , MEDINA YASMY KARINA , LÓPEZ EVARISTO
Published: February 2021

Medina CE, Díaz DR, Malaga BA, Medina YK, López E. 2018. Short Communication: Second record of Eumops chiribaya (Chiroptera, Molossidae) in Peru. Biodiversitas 19: 1979-1984. The bat Eumops chiribaya was recently described from southwestern Peru, based on unique specimen collected in the coastal desert of Moquegua Department. Herein, we document the second record for the country based on a specimen collected in Arequipa Department. This specimen is described in detail and compared with the holotype of E. chiribaya. This record represents a significant extension of the geographic range for this species, both in latitude and elevation, and it show the high diversity of bats living in the coastal valleys of southwestern Peru. Our record adds one genus and species to the Arequipa Department, totaling 17 bat species in the Department.
Anoa, dwarf buffalo from Sulawesi, Indonesia: Identification based on DNA barcode
Authors: PRIYONO DWI SENDI , SOLIHIN DEDY D. , FARAJALLAH ACHMAD , DWI ARINI DIAH IRAWATI
Published: February 2021

Priyono DS, Solihin DD, Farajallah A, Arini DID. 2018. Anoa, dwarf buffalo from Sulawesi, Indonesia: Identification based on DNA barcode. Biodiversitas 19: 1985-1992. Anoa is an endangered endemic species in Sulawesi. The controversial issue of anoa conservation until now is the taxonomic status of lowland and mountain anoa. This study aims to test the ability of DNA barcoding techniques to identify the taxonomy between mountain anoa and lowland anoa. A 681bp fragment of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene was obtained and used to solve the molecular taxonomic problem and to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of the two types of anoa. Our results showed that the DNA barcode is useful in assigning the taxonomic position of anoa. In the phylogenetic tree, we found that the two types of anoa were in separate clades. We also found that based on the Kimura-2 parameter (K2P), the genetic distance between the two types of anoa showed higher values (3.4%) than the threshold of the separating species level. We, therefore, proposed that the binomial nomenclature for both types of lowland and mountain anoa are respectively Bubalus depressicornis and Bubalus quarlesi. We suggest that the use of DNA barcode techniques in anoa taxonomic studies and their implementation will be useful in conservation management
Genetic diversity and population structure of Siganus fuscescens across urban reefs of Seribu Islands, Northern of Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: BRAMANDITO ADITYA , SUBHAN BEGINER , PRARTONO TRI , ANGGRAINI NURLITA PUTRI , JANUAR HEDI INDRA , MADDUPPA HAWIS H.
Published: February 2021

Bramandito A, Subhan B, Prartono T, Anggraini NP, Januar HI, Madduppa HH. 2018. Genetic diversity and population structure of Siganus fuscescens across urban reefs of Seribu Islands, Northern of Jakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1993-2002. Jakarta bay and Seribu Islands reefs have been affected by anthropogenic activities which causing them degraded and low quality of the ecosystem. However, lack of study has been conducted to investigate the effect on reef fish population due to change in ecosystem quality. Therefore, this study was undertaken to analyze genetic diversity and population structure of Siganus fuscescens population against heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cu) concentration across Jakarta Bay and Seribu Islands environmental gradient. Genetic diversity and structuring of S. fuscescens populations were determined using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I. Monitoring of heavy metal was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) shows highest concentration of heavy metal (Pb, Cd, and Cu) was observed in the southern of Seribu Islands, closest to Jakarta. However, the diversity of haplotype obtained from each location indicates a varied range between 0,1429 (Pramuka Island, located in the center) and 0,75 (Untung Jawa Island, located in the south). Linear regression test reveals that Cu elements had a moderate effect (R2 adjusted = 0.665) to the nucleotide diversity of the fish. The study shows some populations of S. fuscescens have been affected by heavy metal and could be an alarm to manage this artisanal targeted fish in the Seribu Islands.
The diversity of endophytic fungi associated with Piper nigrum in the tropical areas: A recent study from Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia
Authors: SOPIALENA SOPIALENA , SUYADI SUYADI , SAHIL MUHAMAD , NURDIANA JULI
Published: February 2021

Sopialena, Suyadi, Sahil M, Nurdiana J. 2018. The diversity of endophytic fungi associated with Piper nigrum in the tropical areas: a recent study from Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2028-2034. This research aimed to identify the diversity of endophytes fungal in the root and leaves of Piper nigrum Linn. This research contributes to the knowledge gaps by focusing the discussion on the Endophytic fungal communities of Piper nigrum Linn in tropical areas at Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Two certain plots within the study area were selected based on the different characteristics of topographic contours. The locations, named Plot A was characterized by ramps area, while plot B was sloping or hilly area. A total of 55 isolates were obtained from the root and the leaves of healthy plants, 35 isolates were from Plot A and the other 20 isolates were from plot B. Based on Shannon index (H’), both of the plots corresponded to the same genus; namely Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Nigrospora sp., and Trichoderma sp, and categorized as medium diversity. In this regards, this study confirms that the genus Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. represent a large part of the diversity of Endophytes fungi. As the study indicates that plot B has higher diversity of endophytic fungi compared to plot A, it shows that the hilly area turns out to be a better location for Piper nigrum Linn.
Short Communication: Ethnozoology – The perception of Tobelo Dalam tribal community in Saolat Village, East Halmahera, Indonesia towards cuscus (Phalangeridae)
Authors: KUSUMANINGRUM ELIZABETH NOVI , SUPRIATNA JATNA , ABINAWANTO ABINAWANTO , BOWOLAKSONO ANOM
Published: February 2021

Kusumaningrum EN, Supriatna J, Abinawanto, Bowolaksono A. 2018. Short Communication: Ethnozoology – The perception of Tobelo Dalam tribal community in Saolat Village, East Halmahera, Indonesia towards cuscus (Phalangeridae). Biodiversitas 19: 2140-2146. The complexity of the hard lives of Tobelo Dalam tribal community who live in Saolat village, district South Wasile provokes the high activity of animal poaching in Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park (TNAL) including cuscus hunting for both sale and consumption purposes. The study aimed to describe the traditional knowledge of Tobelo Dalam people in Saolat village in applying the systems of utilization and local conservation knowledge towards cuscus. This study was analyzed by the qualitative method with explorative survey technique, interview, and completing questionnaires. This study used 4 key informants (3 males, 1 female) and 50 adult respondents (25 males and 25 females). The results showed that the average percentage of traditional knowledge owned by males and females were 69.1% and 30.9 %, respectively, so the males had an advantage of knowledge around 38.3 % than females in addressing the traditional knowledge of cuscus. The community of Tobelo Dalam tribe hunts cuscus for four different purposes, i.e., for traditional ceremonies, traditional medicine, cuisine, and sell it for more income to support the economy of family.
Population genetics and ecology of Sumatran camphor (Dryobalanops aromatica) in natural and community-owned forests in Indonesia
Authors: RITONGA FAUJIAH NURHASANAH , DWIYANTI FIFI GUS , KUSMANA CECEP , SIREGAR ULFAH JUNIARTI , SIREGAR ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN
Published: February 2021

Ritonga FN, Dwiyanti FG, Kusmana C, Siregar UJ, Siregar IZ. 2018. Population genetics and ecology of Sumatran camphor (Dryobalanops aromatica) in natural and community-owned forests in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2175-2182. Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. f. (Sumatran camphor) is a valuable tree species that produces borneol (camphor) and good-quality timber. However, the population of this species has declined due to illegal logging and conversion of forests into plantations and has been classified as Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This study aimed to examine the genetic variation and spatial distribution of this species in a community-owned forest (Barus) and two natural forests (Singkohor and Danau Paris) in Indonesia using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA marker. The results of this study showed that D. aromatica had moderate levels of genetic variation (expected heterozygosity [He] = 0.1760 [Barus population] to 0.2134 [Singkohor population]) and genetic differentiation (Nei’s Gst = 0.1257). The genetic distance was the smallest between the Singkohor and Danau Paris populations (Nei’s distance = 0.0363) and greatest between the Singkohor and Barus populations (Nei’s distance = 0.0534). The spatial distribution of D. aromatica was grouped in both Barus and Danau Paris based on Morisita’s index of diversity (ip = 0.06 and 0.043, respectively). These findings indicated that genetic conservation might be performed in situ in combination with enrichment planting using locally propagated sources.
Short Communication: Identification of Mildew Locus O (MLO) genes in Durio zibethinus genome corresponding with the Powdery Mildew disease
Authors: KEMAL RAHMAT AZHARI , SANDJAJA ERIC BERNARDUS L. , SANTOSA AUDI PUTRA , IVAN JEREMIAS
Published: February 2021

Kemal RA, Sandjaja EBL, Santosa AP, Ivan J. 2018. Short Communication: Identification of Mildew Locus O (MLO) genes in Durio zibethinus genome corresponding with the Powdery Mildew disease. Biodiversitas 19: 2204-2212. Mildew Locus O (MLO) is a protein consisting of seven transmembrane domains and appears in the various type of plants. MLO proteins are classified into seven clades. It is known that specific clades have different roles in a plant. MLOs from Clades IV and V have been linked to plant's susceptibility to Powdery Mildew (PM) disease. This study aimed to provide an overview of MLO genes present in durian (Durio zibethinus) genome. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to analyze the phylogeny and structure of MLO genes and proteins in durian. The result showed that there were 20 putative DzMLO genes in durian, encoding 39 putative DzMLO proteins. Durian MLOs belong to Clade I-VI with one protein belongs to Clade IV and five proteins belong to Clade V. Those six MLO proteins shared a common motif in C-terminal and second intracellular domains. Putative alternative splicing and differential expressions were observed among Clade V DzMLO genes. These findings will facilitate the functional characterization of MLO genes and proteins in durian. Functional studies, especially on C-terminal and second intracellular domains, need to be conducted to elucidate the role of MLO in PM susceptibility in durian.
Studies on the diversity of macrofungus in Kodaikanal region of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: THULASINATHAN BOOBALAN , KULANTHAISAMY MOHAN RASU , NAGARAJAN ARUMUGAM , SOORANGKATTAN SARAVANAN , MUTHURAMALINGAM JOTHI BASU , JEYARAMAN JEYAKANTHAN , ARUN ALAGARSAMY
Published: February 2021

Boobalan T, Mohan Rasu K, Arumugam N, Saravanan S, Jothi Basu M, Jeyakanthan J, Arun A. 2018. Studies on the diversity of macrofungus in Kodaikanal region of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. Biodiversitas 19: 2283-2293. We have demonstrated the distribution of macro fungal communities in the selected forest territory of Kodaikanal (Poondi) region, which houses about 100 mushrooms species diverse forms of mushrooms including both the soil-inhabiting (n = 45) and wood-inhabiting (n = 55) species. Kodaikanal is situated on a plateau between the Parappar and Gundar valleys; this area experiences peculiar lower temperature between 8.2°C and 19.7°C, higher humidity between 92% and 95%, which in turn enhances the growth of different types of mushrooms throughout the year. However, the peak production and macro fungal flushes were observed during the winter season followed by the northeast monsoon (Oct-Dec 2015). A total of 100 species belonging to 51 families were documented from this study sites. Moreover, some species (e.g., Ganoderma sp and Phellinus sp) persists all around the year in this region. However, some incidents of logging and burning of host trees have resulted in the decline of the macro fungal populations in this region. Hence the present study highlights the diversity of macro fungal population and also suggests their importance as part of biodiversity conservation.
Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SAFITRI AYU , HERLINDA SITI , SETIAWAN ARUM
Published: February 2021

Safitri A, Herlinda S, Setiawan A. 2018. Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2365-2373. Ecosystems of lowlands and highlands in South Sumatra have specific characteristics of soils and vegetations that can affect the availability of entomopathogenic fungi. This study aimed to explore and identify species and to determine inoculum potentials of the entomopathogenic fungi from soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands. Baiting of entomopathogenic fungi on soil samples used the larvae of Tenebrio molitor. The entomopathogenic fungi species found in this research were Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. The number of the fungal isolates were 30 isolates consisting of nine isolates of B. bassiana and 21 isolates of M. anisopliae.The highest number of isolates was found in the highland ecosystem (11 isolates) and the lowest was found in peatland ecosystem (4 isolates). The highest percentage average of inoculum potentials of the fungi was found in the high land ecosystem (4.04%) and the lowest one was found in freshwater swamps ecosystem (2.11%). Based on the vegetation type, the soil planted with mustard in Talang Patai-Pagaralam (highland ecosystem) had the highest inoculum potentials (9.33%). These fungi will make an important contribution to the biological control for insect pests in lowland to highland ecosystems in Indonesia.
Genetic diversity and indirect selection of fine cacao (Theobroma cacao) based on bean color
Authors: DEVY LUKITA , ANITA-SARI INDAH , SUSILO AGUNG WAHYU , WACHJAR ADE , SOBIR SOBIR
Published: February 2021

Devy L, Anita-Sari I, Susilo AW, Wachjar A, Sobir. 2018. Genetic diversity and indirect selection of fine cacao (Theobroma cacao) based on bean color. Biodiversitas 19: 2385-2392. Specialty fine cacaos performed higher price than the bulk thereby the breeding of fine cacao clones become essential. However as perennial tree, cacao clones will be delivered in 15-20 years. Therefore, early detection marker and genetic diversity information will support the fine cacao breeding program. This study aimed to determine genetic parameters and early selection marker of leave flush trait to differentiate fine and bulk cacaos based on white bean percentage/pod (WBP). The research was conducted on 4 fine and 4 bulk cacao clones in two seasons with different rainfall intensities. Observations performed on WBP, flush color (L*, a*, b*, C*, Ho), anthocyanin content (A), SPAD value (S), A/S and S/A. Analysis of variance and T-test result showed that b* and C* were able to differentiate fine from bulk cacaos and stable in two seasons. Almost all traits showed narrow genetic variability except WBP. However, three of them showed high heritability. Traits correlated with WBP were L*, a*, b*, C* and anthocyanin content. However, the trait with high heritability, stable in two seasons, performed differently in two cacao types based on T-test and showing high direct correlation with WBP was only b* (yellow color). Fine cacao showed higher b* than the bulk. Therefore b* of the flush could be considered as a selection marker of fine cacao.
Association between Spirometric Parameters and Depressive Symptoms in New Mexico Uranium Workers
Authors:   Preventive Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM USA, Sharma Shiva , Shore Xin , Mohite Satyajit , Myers Orrin , Kesler Denece , Vlahovich Kevin , Sood Akshay
Published: February 2021

Background: Uranium workers are at risk of developing lung disease, characterized by low forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and/or forced vital capacity (FVC). Previous studies have found an association between decreased lung function and depressive symptoms in patients with pulmonary pathologies, but this association has not been well examined in occupational cohorts, especially uranium workers. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between spirometric measures and depressive symptoms in a sample of elderly former uranium workers screened by the New Mexico Radiation Exposure Screening & Education Program (NM-RESEP). Race- and ethnicity-specific reference equations were used to determine predicted spirometric indices (predictor variable). At least one depressive symptom [depressed mood and/or anhedonia, as determined by a modified Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2)], was the outcome variables. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression models were used for statistical analyses. Results: At least one depressive symptom was self-reported by 7.6% of uranium workers. Depressed mood was reported over twice as much as anhedonia (7.2% versus 3.3%). Abnormal FVC was associated with at least one depressive symptom after adjustment for covariates. There was no significant interaction between race/ethnicity and spirometric indices on depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Although depressive symptoms are uncommonly reported in uranium workers, they are an important comorbidity due to their overall clinical impact. Abnormal FVC was associated with depressive symptoms. Race/ethnicity was not found to be an effect modifier for the association between abnormal FVC and depressive symptoms. To better understand the mechanism underlying this association and determine if a causal relationship exists between spirometric indices and depressive symptoms in occupational populations at risk for developing lung disease, larger longitudinal studies are required. We recommend screening for depressive symptoms for current and former uranium workers as part of routine health surveillance of this occupational cohort. Such screening may help overcome workers’ reluctance to self-report and seek treatment for depression and may avoid negative consequences to health and safety from missed diagnoses.
Derry Girls and containment: conflict-related and transgenerational trauma in Northern Ireland
Authors: Long Maggie
Published: February 2021

In this article, I consider role of the television show Derry Girls in providing containment for the unbearable aspects of conflict-related and transgenerational trauma in the context of Northern Ireland. Derry Girls is a situation comedy set during the political conflict of Northern Ireland in the 1990s. The show provides nostalgic, satirical and affectionate observations on the seemingly mundane and at times farcical misdemeanours of a group of young people living out their everyday lives in the backdrop of sectarianism, bigotry and political violence. First airing in 2018, 20 years after the peace agreement in Northern Ireland, Derry Girls offers a forum for experiencing a flavour of life in the height of the Troubles, evoking strong emotional reactions in audiences through laughter, consternation and tears. I consider the role of psychosocial studies in framing understanding of the show as a cultural outlet for and container of societal level trauma and collective pain.
High-resolution multi-wavelength lensless diffraction imaging with adaptive dispersion correction
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Liu Qingwen , Li You , Xu Bingxin , Zhang Junyong , He Zuyuan
Published: February 2021

Multi-wavelength imaging diffraction system is a promising phase imaging technology due to its advantages of no mechanical movement and low complexity. In a multi-wavelength focused system, spectral bandwidth and dispersion correction are critical for high resolution reconstruction. Here, an optical setup for the multi-wavelength lensless diffraction imaging system with adaptive dispersion correction is proposed. Three beams with different wavelengths are adopted to illuminate the test object, and then the diffraction patterns are recorded by a image sensor. The chromatic correction is successfully realized by a robust refocusing technique. High-resolution images can be finally retrieved through phase retrieval algorithm. The effectiveness and reliability of our method is demonstrated in numerical simulation and experiments. The proposed method has the potential to be an alternative technology for quantitative biological imaging.
Spectroscopy of GR1 centers in synthetic diamonds
Authors: Subedi Shova , Fedorov Vladimir , Mirov Sergey , Markham Matthew
Published: February 2021

We report on the spectroscopic characterization, absorption saturation, and excited-state dynamics of GR1 centers in synthetic diamonds. The non-linear optical measurements reveal an efficient bleaching of the GR1 center’s ground level under ns-pulsed 633 nm excitation. The maxima of absorption and emission cross sections were estimated to be 4.5 × 10−17 cm2 and 9 × 10−17 cm2 at 630 nm and 780 nm, respectively. The radiative lifetime of the excited level was estimated to be 8.5 ns. The 658 nm probe kinetics uncovered relaxation of 1T2 excited level going predominantly to a metastable state with a lifetime of 220 μs. An induced absorption detected with the use of a highly concentrated diamond sample could be due to up-conversion and photoionization processes in additional impurity-vacancy center with absorption at the short-wavelength tail of GR1. The results presented here indicate that synthetic diamonds with GR1 centers could serve as near infrared gain media or passive Q-switchers for laser cavities over the 633–750 nm spectral range. Optimization of the center concentration and the crystal parameters are required to minimize the induced absorption at the lasing wavelengths.
One-shot three-dimensional measurement method with the color mapping of light direction
Authors: Ohno Hiroshi
Published: February 2021

A one-shot three-dimensional measurement method of a material surface with a color mapping imaging system of the light direction extracted BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) is proposed here. The imaging system can measure light directions reflected from a material surface using a stripe pattern multicolor filter having a translational symmetry in one direction. Assuming that surface inclination angles are sufficiently small and that the surface has a flat peripheral boundary, a reconstruction method of a three-dimensional surface from light directions is derived theoretically on the basis of the geometrical optics. The method is experimentally validated using a round ridge fabricated on an aluminum flat plate.
Overexpression of Interleukin-1α Suppresses Liver Metastasis of Lymphoma: Implications for Antitumor Effects of CD8+ T-cells
Authors: Udagawa Kazuhiko , Niki Yasuo , Kikuchi Toshiyuki , Fukuhara Yusuke , Takeda Yuki , Miyamoto Takeshi , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya
Published: February 2021

Interleukin (IL)-1 plays a key role in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Although IL-1 may enhance the expansion of CD8+ T-cells, the pathological contribution of IL-1-activated CD8+ T-cells to tumor metastasis remains unclear. This study used a liver metastasis model of the EL4 T-cell lymphoma cells transplanted into human IL (hIL)-1α conditional transgenic (hIL-1α cTg) mice. Overproduction of hIL-1α suppressed both macroscopic and histological liver metastasis of EL4 T-cell lymphoma. The hIL-1α-induced inflammatory state increased the number of CD8+ T-cells both within and around metastatic tumors. Moreover, larger numbers of CD8+ T-cells showed greater infiltration of liver blood vessels in hIL-1α cTg mice than in control wild-type mice. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining of liver tissue from hIL-1α cTg mice indicated increased apoptosis of cells in the tumor. Localization of apoptosis cells resembled that of CD8+ T-cells. In addition, cytotoxicity assay showed that CD8+ T-cell counts from tumor-bearing hIL-1α cTg mice correlated with cytotoxicity against EL4. In summary, IL-1α suppresses lymphoma metastasis, and IL-1α-activated CD8+ T-cells may play important roles in inhibiting both tumor metastasis and metastatic tumor growth: