bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of the Effectiveness of Modern Treatment of Non-Infectious Uveitis
Authors: Medvedev I. B. , Samodurova E. V. , Svetlichnaya S. V. , Batalina L. V. , Dergacheva N. N.
Published: July 2023

Uveitis is a term that combines an extensive group of diseases, which are based on inflammation of the choroid of the eyeball. A special place is given to non-infectious uveitis. This group of diseases has an autoimmune origin and the largest proportion of the incidence falls on them. The largest share of morbidity is from this group of uveitis. Despite the successes in modern approaches to the treatment of uveitis, the issue of timely diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the vascular eye membrane does not lose its relevance. The social significance of this pathology is determined by the growing rate of visual acuity decline, the development of complications and early disability. Many studies have revealed a relationship between the untimely late start of treatment and the likelihood of vision loss leading to a deterioration in the quality of life. The therapy of non-infectious uveitis is based on the suppression of the local immune response. Depending on the activity of the inflammatory process, it may include local treatment (instillation of corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and mydriatics) and systemic immunosuppression using corticosteroids, alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil), antimetabolites (azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil), T-cell inhibitors (cyclosporine and tacrolimus). According to the experience of clinicians, the therapeutic efficacy of steroids even in high doses in treatment of the chronic uveitis provides only partial remission and is associated with the development of serious side effects. Positive results were found when using a combination of steroids with cytostatics, however, with their prolonged use, it is possible to manifest properties such as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, sterilization, as well as bone marrow suppression, and, as a consequence, the occurrence of severe thrombocytopenic bleeding and granulocytopenic infections. In the case of intermediate, posterior and severe and moderate panuveitis that does not respond to immunosuppressive therapy with methotrexate and cyclosporine A, patients are transferred to therapy with genetically engineered biological drugs (GIBP). The drugs of biological therapy include selective regulators of cytokine levels. The mechanism of their action is based on the selective cytokines’ binding using monoclonal antibodies or soluble cytokine receptors. This article is devoted to evaluating the effectiveness of biological therapy as the drugs of choice.
Results of Implantation of a New Hydrophobic Acrylic Monofocal Intraocular Lens in a Preloaded Injector
Authors: Pershin K. B. , Pashinova N. F. , Tsygankov A. Yu. , Kosova I. V.
Published: July 2023

Purpose. To evaluate clinical and functional results of implantation of a new hydrophobic acrylic monofocal IOL in a preloaded injector.

Methods. The prospective study included 60 patients (66 eyes) after Hoya iSert® 250/251 IOL implantation (31 patients, 35 eyes, group 1) and a new Hoya Vivinex Multisert® XY1-SP IOL (29 patients, 31 eyes, group 2). The mean age was 75.1 ± 7.9 years. The mean follow-up period after surgery was 3.1 ± 0.4 months. IOL viscoimplantation was performed in 100 % of cases in group 1, in group 2 — in 45.1 % of cases, and in 54.9 % — hydroimplantation was performed. Intraoperatively, the size of the corneal incision was measured with a ruler before and after IOL implantation. IOL optic power was calculated with SRK/T and Barrett Universal formulas. In the postoperative period, surgically induced astigmatism was assessed.

Results. In both groups, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase of UCDVA from 0.28 ± 0.09 in the preoperative period to 0.70 ± 0.17 3 months after surgery in group 1 and from 0.24 ± 0.10 in the preoperative period to 0.84 ± 0.18 3 months after surgery in group 2. Slightly lower values of UCDVA in group 1 may be associated with a higher level of SIA in this group. Similar dynamics were shown for the BCDVA (from 0.52 ± 0.21 before surgery to 0.95 ± 0.19 after 3 months of follow-up in group 1 and from 0.55 ± 0.20 before surgery to 0.98 ± 0.21 after 3 months of follow-up in group 2). No differences were found between the studied groups. After IOL implantation, there was an increase in incision size to 2.40 ± 0.12 mm in group 1 and 2.10 ± 0.08 mm in group 2 (p = 0.04). In group 1, the mean SIA after 3 months of observation was 1.10 ± 0.16 D and in group 2, 0.48 ± 0.07 D (p = 0.0007).

Conclusion. This study presents the first domestic experience with the implantation of a new monofocal hydrophobic acrylic Hoya Vivinex IOL in a Multisert® preloaded injector. A comparative analysis of implantation results with monofocal Hoya 250/251 IOLs in an Isert® injector was performed. The advantage of the new IOL implantation in reducing the incidence of surgically induced astigmatism was shown.
The Influence of Glaucoma as a Comorbidity on Cytokine Expression in Aqueous Humor of Patients with Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy and Bullous Keratopathy
Authors: Fisenko N. V. , Demura T. A. , Osipyan G. A. , Avetisov K. S.
Published: July 2023

Purpose: to evaluate the effect of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) as a comorbidity on cytokine expression in aqueous humor (AqH) of patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and bullous keratopathy (BK).

Patients and methods. In this prospective consecutive case study 58 patients (58 eyes) were divided into 2 main groups. Group 1 (22 patients with FECD) included 11 patients with coexisting POAG II–IIIA (group 1a) and 11 patients without ocular comorbidity (group 1b). Group 2 (28 patients with BK) consisted of 19 patients with coexisting POAG II–IIIA (group 2a) and 9 patients without ocular comorbidity (group 2b). Group 3 (control) included 8 patients with cataract. The patients of groups 1 and 2 underwent endothelial keratoplasty. Intraoperatively obtained recipients’ Descemet’s membranes (DMs) were investigated histologically (hematoxylin/eosin staining). A total of 58 AqH samples were collected from consecutive patients who underwent endothelial keratoplasty (groups 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b) or cataract surgery (controls). The AqH levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-17, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-1β and TNF-α) were compared among the groups.

Results. Clinical diagnoses of FECD (group 1) and BK (group 2) were confirmed by the results of morphologic study. The levels of IL-8, MCP-1, IFN-γ were significantly higher in AqH samples from FECD and BK groups (regardless of the presence or absence of POAG) compared with the controls. IL-6 level was significantly elevated in FECD with coexisting POAG (group 1a) and BK (groups 2a and 2b) than in the controls. The influence of POAG on the local inflammation in FECD and BK is confirmed by the increased level of MIP-1β and the low concentration of GM-CSF compared with the controls. Among BK eyes (groups 2a and 2b), POAG as a comorbidity (group 2a) was associated with decreased level of IL-12. FECD with coexisting POAG was characterized with lower level of IL-13 in AqH than in the controls.

Conclusions. POAG as a comorbid pathology in patients with FECD leads to high immune response mediated by cytokines expression. BK regardless of coexisting POAG is associated with severe local immune inflammation.
Changes in Thresholds of Electrically Evoked Phosphene and Electrical Lability of the Optic Nerve in the Ground Station Crew in the International Experiment SIRIUS 20/21
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Zueva M. V. , Kotelin V. I. , Manko O. M. , Egorova I. V. , Tsapenko I. V. , Aleskerov A. M. , Podyanov D. A.
Published: July 2023

In the ground sealed station crew, during the 8 months international experiment SIRIUS 20/21 simulating an interplanetary flight, electrically induced phosphene (EIP) thresholds, which reflected the electrical sensitivity (ES) of the retina, and the optic nerve. ES&L was assessed using the “ESOM” device (“Neuron”, Ufa, Russia) once a month, twice a day (morning/evening), under mesopic conditions. An increase in ES and other patterns of changes in ES&L parameters during period of isolation were established, reflecting the adaptation of the crew to the conditions of the experiment and the reaction of the visual system to physical and psycho-emotional stress. Further study of the thresholds of the EIP and L of the optic nerve in experiments of increasing duration will make it possible to determine the biomarkers that differentiate the individual adaptive reaction of astronauts from dysfunction of the retina and optic nerve under real space flight conditions. The L of the optic nerve showed greater resistance to experimental conditions than the ES of the retina. The results suggest that the determination of the L in the ES&L test can become an express test on board the ISS to assess the functional state of the papillomacular bundle of optic nerve fibers, the risk of developing or diagnosing SANS (flight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome) in long-term space missions.
Excimer Laser Correction of Myopia in Patients with Visually Intense Work — Is It Necessary to Determine the Form of Accommodative Asthenopia?
Authors: Belikova E. I. , Gatilov D. V. , Ovechkin I. G. , Eskina E. N.
Published: July 2023

Рurpose — to study the frequency of occurrence of various forms of accommodative asthenopia (AA) in patients with visually stressful work (VSW) with different degrees of myopia planning LASIK.

Methods. As part of the preoperative examination, 300 patients with VSW were under observation. There were three groups of equal age and gender, corresponding to weak (up to 3.0 diopters, 100 patients), moderate (3.25–6.0 diopters, 100 patients ) and high (6.25–8.0 diopters, 100 patients) degrees of myopia. All patients underwent objective accommodation using the Righton Speedy-I device (Japan) with further calculation of the coefficient of microfluctuations of the ciliary muscle of the eye (KMF). Diagnosis of the type of AA was carried out according to the following indicators: with KMF less than 53.0 rel. un. — asthenic form of accommodative asthenopia (AFAA), pathology; at KMF from 53.0 to 58.0 rel. — norm; at KMF more than 58.0 rel.un. — Habitual Excessive Tension of Accommodation (HETA), pathology.

Results. The incidence of AA (any form) was 51–57 % and weakly depended on the degree of myopia. A significant increase (compared with the literature data) in patients with AA according to the results of this work is due to the following factors: the examination of patients exclusively with VSW, who daily perform professional visual activity at the time of the examination, as well as a wide (24–34 years) the age range of the subjects. The probability of occurrence of HETA and AFAA is quite comparable and amounted to 29–36 % and 21–23 %, respectively. The obtained results are illustrated by typical accomodograms. Conclusion: the high incidence of both forms of AA actualizes further research aimed at assessing the dynamics of the state of the accommodative system of the eye after excimer laser surgery for myopia, as well as the development of a method for correcting AA, taking into account a personalized approach that allows performing the correct diagnosis of various forms of AA (HETA, AFAA), which, ultimately, will provide adequate treatment from the position of choosing both the actual method (physical factor) and the required optical, amplitude and time parameters of exposure.
Does Continuous Wear of a Face Mask Affect Your Tear Film?
Authors: Gunaganti S. , Koduri M. , Mereddy S.
Published: July 2023

Purpose. The continuous use of mask wear from pandemic induces instability in tear film due to the air blown up from the mask. The study’s objective was to assess the effect of type of mask wear and duration, including short-term wear of mask on TBUT.

Design and methods. This was a cross-sectional, comparative study. A total of 90 (180 eyes) subjects (76 females) were involved in the study and were categorized into three groups, each comprising 30 subjects. Either the groups were given a surgical, cloth, or N95 masks to wear. Baseline TBUT was collected after 30 mins without mask wear; next TBUT was measured immediately after 1 min of mask wear and subsequently after every 30 mins for 3.5 hours among all the three groups. TBUT changes within the groups and between the groups were compared using Friedman ANOVA and the Kruskal Wallis test.

Results. There was a significant decline in TBUT after 30 mins of mask wear only among surgical & cloth mask users and was stable in N95 wearers. There is no influence on TBUT for 1.5 hours among all the mask wearers. However, a subsequent continuous significant difference was evident from 2 hours among surgical and cloth mask users and at 3.5 hours within N95 users. N95 wearers have a higher TBUT, and surgical have the least TBUT.

Conclusion. Surgical mask wears significantly influence tear film stability, followed by cloth mask wear because of air leak from nose wire. TBUT is minimally affected by N95 wear.
Prevention and Treatment of Epitheliopathy as a Result of Acute Inflammatory Diseases of the Ocular Surface
Authors: Drozdova E. A. , Berdnikova E. V.
Published: July 2023

Acute inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface occur in case of epitheliopathy. As a result, most patients complain of discomfort and persistence of residual inflammation after the infection has been stopped.

The purpose: to assess the degree of damage to the ocular surface as a result of bacterial conjunctivitis and keratitis, as well as the regenerative effect of dexpanthenol 5 % eye gel on the healing and restoration of the functional activity of the ocular surface epithelium.

Methods. A non-randomized case-control study was performed in patients with a bacterial infection of the conjunctiva and cornea. Under supervision there were 23 patients (46 eyes) diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis and 31 patients (31 eyes) with bacterial keratitis. According to the study design, patients were divided into two groups. After stopping the acute process, dexpanthenol 5 % eye gel was prescribed. To control the effectiveness, the tear film rupture time, the degree of damage to the mucin coating and surface epithelial cells were evaluated. Diagnostic tests with vital dyes (fluorescein (FA) and lyssamine green (LG)) were performed before the appointment of the gel, then seven and thirty days after the appointment of the drug.

Results. After the relief of bacterial inflammation, 86.9 % patients with conjunctivitis and in all cases of keratitis had complaints (unpleasant sensations and redness of the eyes, blurred vision). There was a decrease in tear break-up time (TBUT) test, a significant accumulation of dye in the conjunctiva in both study groups and a partial accumulation of FA in the cornea, more intense in keratitis. After 7 days Corneregel use, there was an increase in TBUT compared to the baseline level, with a further increase in this indicator after a 1 month, a decrease in the manifestation of conjunctival epitheliopathy and the degree of corneal staining.

Conclusions. The appointment of dexpanthenol 5 % eye gel after stopping a bacterial infection helps to relieve discomfort, accelerates the restoration of regeneration of the epithelial cells of the ocular surface, and increases the strength of the tear film.
Phacoemulsification Complicated Subluxation of the Crystalline Lens, Anterior Megalophthalmos, Central Cloudy Corneal Dystrophy of Francois and High Myopia
Authors: Malyugin B. E. , Menshikov A. Yu. , Isabekov R. S. , Kalinnikova S. Yu. , Tkachenko I. S.
Published: July 2023

A case is described of a 47-old man with anterior megalophthalmos, high myopia (>31.0 mm) and who underwent bilateral consecutive phacoemulsification. In addition a bilateral dislike corneal opacity was present which was classified as central cloudy corneal dystrophy of Francois. Special attention must be paid to both surgical technique and IOL selection. In the first eye a single-piece foldable IOL was implanted into a capsule bag, in the second eye three-piece foldable IOL were sutured fixed to the iris. In the meantime, phacoemulsification in patients with dystrophy of Francois safe and does not lead to progression. We calculated the IOL power for our case with the Haigis and Barret II Universal formula retrospectively.
First Experience of Combined Treatment of Corneal and Graft Ulcers in Preschool Children Using Local Ultraviolet Crosslinking (Clinical Cases)
Authors: Pleskova A. V. , Katargina L. A. , Iomdina E. N. , Mamakaeva I. R. , Panova A. Yu.
Published: July 2023

Purpose: to evaluate the results of a new combined method for the treatment of corneal and graft ulcers in preschool children, including local ultraviolet crosslinking (UVA CL) of corneal collagen and amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT).

Methods. 1 patient 4 years old with a corneal ulcer and transplant disease after penetrating subtotal keratoplasty and 1 child 6 years old with a corneal ulcer of herpetic etiology was under observation for 1 year. The treatment included 3–5 consecutive procedures of local UVA CL of the cornea lasting 5 min. and amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) after the first CL procedure. Biomicroscopy with fluorescein test and optical coherence tomography (OCT Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) were used to dynamically monitor the clinical course of corneal and graft ulcers. Local CL was performed using a new Keratolink device (OA Elatomsky Instrument Plant, Russia). Immediately after the 1st CL procedure, a TAM operation was performed under operating conditions under anesthesia, after which 2–4 more local CL procedures were performed sequentially every 3 days.

Results. During treatment with each subsequent CL procedure, the clinical condition of the eyes improved: inflammation was relieved, photophobia, lacrimation, blepharospasm disappeared, a gradual increase in the epithelium from the periphery of the cornea with the formation of a gentle translucent opacification was noted, vascular activity decreased, and visual acuity significantly increased. After 2–10 months, in both cases there are no active complaints, the eyes are calm, infiltrates were not determined, in their place a gentle cloud-like translucent opacity formed, including in a child after keratoplasty. Vessels are empty.

Conclusion. Combined treatment of corneal and graft ulcers in children (local UVA CL together with TAM) demonstrated high therapeutic efficacy, ensured stable corneal epithelialization in a short time and improved visual functions at the end of the inflammatory process. This method can significantly expand the possibilities of treating ulcerative lesions of the cornea and graft in preschool children.
Interactions of Financial Risk Tolerance, Internal Fit, External Fit and Personality Traits on Corporate Investment Behaviour
Authors: ÜNLÜAKIN Cem , AKTAŞ Hakkı
Published: July 2023

Explaining corporate investment behaviour (CIB) is crucial for companies, investors and policy makers. The relationship between financial risk taking and investment decision has been studied in detail on an individual level. However, an attempt to assess financial risk taking behaviour on an organizational level is not encountered in literature. This study fills the gap by attempting to measure corporate financial risk tolerance (CFRT) with data from 307 production companies and employs hypothesis testing as a confirmatory analysis in a theoretical framework from literature. The dynamics of Big 5 personality traits of owners/top management, such as openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, which is another area of interest in investment theory, is also included in the study. The models to test the hypotheses are proposed by using CFRT and Big 5 as independent variables to explain corporate investment behaviour (CIB). The results of this study indicate that Big 5 traits of top management are not significantly related with CIB, yet CFRT is. Subsequently items impacting CIB and financial risk tolerance identified from literature are classified as internal (IFFI) and external fit for investment (EFFI) and are incorporated as two composite moderating variables. As a result, the model fit improves with both IFFI and EFFI for CFRT, however for Big 5, only conscientiousness trait becomes significant in the moderation of EFFI.
Design and material
Authors: Komarov Valeriy A.
Published: July 2023

Some aspects of the relationship between two engineering disciplines, materials science and structural mechanics, are considered. Core structures are discussed from representative cells and volumes of composites reinforced with long and short fibers to spatial structures with a regular structure. This article considers various approaches to prediction and estimations of the minimum mass of core systems at the initial stages of design. The main attention is paid to the study of the possibility of applying the dimensionless criterion of force perfection of a structure to the evaluation of the efficiency of materials with a heterogeneous structure. For this purpose, a computational experiment is set and described in detail, during which, on the basis of the simplest cubic Bravais lattice, truss structures of increasing complexity are generated sequentially and their properties are analyzed using structural mechanics methods. It is shown that truss modeling has a certain potential for predicting a number of mechanical characteristics of heterogeneous materials.
Sexualidade e gênero: o que pensam os adolescentes? O papel da escola e sociedade na visão de adolescentes sobre a temática
Authors: Ayres Tibiriçá Vanessa , Gabriel Souza Faria Victor , Luiza Capanema da Silva Ana , Souza de Almeida Camila
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: analisar o papel da escola quanto a abordagem da temática da sexualidade e gênero com adolescentes do 9º ano do ensino fundamental. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo, realizado com dez estudantes com idades entre 13 e 15 anos de escolas públicas estaduais de uma cidade do centro Oeste Mineiro. A pesquisa foi realizada entre setembro e dezembro de 2019. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado roteiro semiestruturado confeccionado pelos próprios pesquisadores, com questões acerca do conhecimento dos jovens sobre sexualidade e gênero, preconceito, violência e a forma como o tema é abordado no ambiente escolar. A análise utilizou o referencial teórico-metodológico da hermenêutica-dialética. Resultados: Os resultados demonstram um desconhecimento dos estudantes quanto a conceituação de gênero e orientação sexual. Quanto a abordagem das escolas quanto ao assunto tem-se ainda uma visão biologicista e uma dificuldade em dialogar com os adolescentes sobre suas dúvidas e posicionamentos. A maioria dos participantes também relatou ter sofrido ou presenciado preconceito contra mulheres ou devido a orientação sexual. Conclusão: Os achados deste estudo indicam a necessidade de reflexão sobre o paradigma dominante da educação sexual nas escolas, bem como a necessidade de superar e construir uma abordagem mais multidisciplinar, abrangente e inclusiva, que respeite a autonomia dos adolescentes em relação à sua sexualidade
СУЧАСНА УКРАЇНА В КОНТЕКСТІ МІЖЦИВІЛІЗАЦІЙНИХ ВЗАЄМОВІДНОСИН
Authors: Конотоп Людмила
Published: July 2023

У статті досліджується одна з найактуальніших проблем сучасної України – її місце та значення у світовійспільноті, динаміка українського суспільства як у зовнішньому, так і внутрішньому аспектах його функціонування.Головним завданням є аналіз процесів формування та взаємодії цивілізаційних ідентичностей, а також розкриття образу«іншості» у контексті цивілізаційної взаємодії й її висвітлення у масовій свідомості. Методологічною основою статті булипраці представників німецької класичної філософії, праці мислителів доби модерну і постмодерну. Для виявлення дійсногомісця України в політичному, економічному, воєнному, культурному плані сучасності, формаційний і цивілізаційний підходидоповнюються діалогічним підходом. Діалог між цивілізаціями – це єдиний можливий спосіб існування людства. Діалогусвідомлюється як постійна взаємодія між різними цивілізаціями на основі поваги та взаєморозуміння. При цьомупроводиться диференціація між поняттями «культура» і «цивілізація». Перше поняття виступає внутрішньою ознакоюсуспільства, а друге – його зовнішньою характеристикою.
ІДЕНТИЧНІСТЬ ТА КОЛЕКТИВНА ДІЯ – СИСТЕМНИЙ ПІДХІД
Authors: Поліщук Олександр , Поліщук Олена
Published: July 2023

Розглянуто феномен ідентичності у процесі формування колективної дії у суспільствах, що мають статус«Між». Такий статус є умовою формування Homo, що налаштований на виживання і пристосування нав’язаних умов.Враховуючи ціннісні орієнтири, доведено, що суспільство, колективна дія якого спрямована на розвиток і життя,використовуючи свободу, вибере цивілізаційний шлях і буде за нього боротися. Це зумовлено прагненням людини дожиття, наповненого динамічними змінами. Чого не можемо сказати, про суспільства, які перебувають у тоталітарнійсистемі. Визначено роль історичної пам’яті і колективного несвідомого у процесі міфологізації свідомості. Зокремадоведено, що міфологізація свідомості, відсутність об’єктивного аналізу історичних подій має негативні наслідки уколективних суб’єктів, виходячи з того, що вони є активними учасниками процесів державотворення та історії.Феномен ідентичності у статті розглянуто крізь призму суспільно-політичних і соціально-економічних процесів, щовідбувають у країні й світі в загалом, адже саме вони стають орієнтиром глобалізованого світу, що визначаєколективну ідентичність відповідного суб’єкта. Наслідком такої визначеності є вплив на реформування усієї соціальноїсистеми. З метою детального вивчення проблеми і обґрунтування зроблених висновків використовувалися наступніметоди: 1) загальнонаукові: порівняння, аналіз, синтез, абстрагування та конкретизація; 2) спеціальні: історичнийметод, цивілізаційний метод та біхевіористичний.
ТРАНСДИСЦИПЛІНАРНІ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНИХ ПРОЕКТІВ НАУКОВОГО МИСТЕЦТВА
Authors: Шашкова Людмила
Published: July 2023

У статті досліджується проблема оновлення комунікативно-методологічного інструментарію філософіїнауки та можливостей застосування міждисциплінарних підходів і трансдисциплінарних стратегій. Трансдисциплінарністьрозглядається як метарівень, який ґрунтується на поєднанні різноманітних когнітивних стратегій та способів мислення,поєднанні теорії і практики, істинності та практичної корисності. Окреслюються перспективи наукового мистецтва яктрансдисциплінарної платформи для втілення спільних експериментальних проектів науки і мистецтва.
МЕТАДИСЦИПЛІНАРНІСТЬ СУЧАСНОЇ ФІЛОСОФІЇ В ОПТИЦІ ПРАКТИЧНИХ ВИМІРІВ
Authors: Комісар Людмила
Published: July 2023

У статті розглядаються актуальні питання, пов’язані з трансформацією галузей сучасних гуманітарних наук іфілософії в метадисциплінарних вимірах. Висувається ідея щодо дослідження нової оптики полі- і метадисциплінарності філософіїв горизонті міжкультурної комунікації і освітніх практик сучасної вищої школи. Особлива увага приділяється кореляції міжвисхідними для статті посутніми групами понять, такими як «інтерсуб’єктивність / інтеркультурність»; «спільний світ /міжсвіт / міждисциплінарність»; «полі-, метадисциплінарність / полі-, метадискурсивність». Висновується, що мультимодальнепоєднання конкретно-наукових знань і категорійного апарату філософії сприяє і надалі сприятиме появі інноваційнихгуманітарних трендів, а за полі- та метадискурсивністю майбутнє як науки, так і філософії.
INTER-CIVILIZATIONAL CHALLENGES OF THE GLOBALIZED WORLD: LINGUO-SOCIAL ASPECT
Authors: Abysova M.
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the sociolinguistic project "Word of the Year" as a mechanism for the formation ofsocial knowledge. Regular data from monitoring studies of lexemes that denote phenomena and processes that are in the focusof public attention allow us to take them into account while forming strategic communication to overcome inter-civilizationalchallenges.
ДИСКУРС КРИЗОВИХ КОМУНІКАЦІЙ: СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНИЙ АНАЛІЗ
Authors: Пода Тетяна
Published: July 2023

У статті проаналізовано розуміння поняття «криза»; дається визначення кризовим комунікацій;розглядаються теорії кризових комунікацій, а також основні характеристики кризових комунікацій. Досліджуютьсяструктури політичних криз. Аналізуються окремі аспекти зв'язків із громадськістю при політичній комунікації. Показанапровідна роль ЗМІ у кризових ситуаціях.
СПЕЦИФІКА НАУКИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЇЇ МОРАЛЬНОГО ВИМІРУ (ЦИВІЛІЗАЦІЙНИЙ АСПЕКТ)
Authors: Скиба Іван
Published: July 2023

У статті проведено дослідження специфіки науки в контексті її морального виміру. Приймаючи думку, щонаукове знання в сучасному світі виступає головним фактором цивілізаційного розвитку, зокрема технологічного,здійснюючи у такий спосіб найбільший вплив на цивілізаційний вибір, автор досліджує залежність між специфікоюнаукового знання та соціокультурними наслідками його використання, визнаючи ключову роль морально-ціннісноговиміру науки. В контексті розкриття теми статті автор також розглядає питання співвідношення науки і релігії,яке є важливою складовою питання співвідношення науки та моралі
Aquacrop Model Evaluation for Generation of Irrigation Requirements for Winter Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Demelezi Florent , Jancsó Mihály , Vekerdy Zoltán
Published: July 2023

Researches on the water-saving techniques in agriculture should be brought forward because of water resources shortages. The optimisation of irrigation strategies to increase water-use efficiency is an important factor in water security for the region. AquaCrop model based on FAO’s crop water productivity is used to simulate yield. In our study, the model was calibrated to the field measurements of the MATE ÖVKI Lysimeter Research Station. Four winter wheat cultivars were cultivated under non-limiting water range. Four different average yields were measured as 6.1 t/ha, 5.0 t/ha, 6.3 t/ha and 7.6 t/ha after the harvest on 6th of July 2020, respectively. The results of vegetative growth were inserted and simulated for the same climate conditions, field management, soil profile and groundwater parameters. Whereas we have achieved a yield of 6,1 t/ha 5,0 t/ha, 6,3 t/ha and 7,6 t/h with respective water productivity of 1.17 and 1.07 and 1.23 and 1.2 from the AquaCrop model schedule, respectively. In practice, water optimisation based on climate data and crop yield can help us achieve the goal. The crop cycle of the plants was a fixed value of 187 days and harvest index of 45% was used in model settings. Generation of sprinkler irrigation schedule developed from this research would provide information for farming communities to mitigate the occurrence of the adverse effect of climate change through innovative changes.
Monitoring of plant growth through methods of phenotyping and image analysis
Authors: Kharraz Nezha , Szabó István
Published: July 2023

With the rapid development of imaging technology, computing power, and algorithms, computer vision has revolutionized thoroughly plant phenotyping and is now a major tool for phenotypic analysis. Those reasons constructed the base for developing image-based plant phenotyping methods, it is a priority for the complementary or even alternative to the manual measurement. Nonetheless, the use of computer vision technology to analyze plant phenotypic traits can be affected by a lot of factors such as research environment, imaging system, and model selection. The field of plant phenotyping is developing rapidly at the moment. Image-based plant phenotyping has stated proven to be in precision agriculture, providing a quantitative basis for the description of plant-environment interactions.
Relationship between nutrition factors and development of food pad dermatitis (FPD)
Authors: Tóth Márk , Kovács-Weber Mária , Pap Tibor , Erdélyi Márta
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, foot pad dermatitis and the associated loss of production and income is one of the major problems in intensive broiler chicken production. The third most valuable part of a broiler chicken is the legs. In the case of FPD, losses are realised as animals with foot pad dermatitis (FDP) eat, drink, and move less, and their performance is reduced, which causes serious loss of income. It also raises animal welfare concerns and can cause food safety problems. Development of the FPD and its frequency is influenced by several factors, individually or in combination: genetics, management, and feeding. In this article, we review the feeding causes of the development of FDP. Feedstuffs, rich in soluble NSP substances, low energy concentration in the diet, or luxury protein supply lead to low quality of the litter, predisposing birds to FPD. In addition, some minerals (Na, K, Cl) stimulate water consumption, while deficiency of others (Zn, Cu, Mn) affects epithelial tissue development and thus might provoke FPD.
Operational Barriers against the Use of Smart Contracts in Construction Projects
Authors: KÜNKCÜ Handan , KOC Kerim , GURGUN Asli Pelin , DAGOU Houljakbe Houlteurbe
Published: July 2023

As an emerging but embryonic way of contract administration, smart contracts can play a prominent role in managing construction projects in an effective manner. However, there are still some barriers preventing the implementation of them in the life cycles of construction projects. This study investigates operational barriers against the adoption of smart contracts in construction projects and explores the challenges in this process. Operational barriers against smart contract implementation are identified through a comprehensive literature review and a focus group discussion is performed to refine the identified barriers. These barriers are evaluated through fuzzy analytical hierarchy process analysis. Finally, a framework is proposed for the adoption of smart contracts effectively in construction projects. 20 operational barriers were attained based on four main barrier categories: technical, financial, security/technological, and time. The results show that financial and technical aspects establish the most significant categories hindering the adoption of smart contracts, while expensive and clunky drafting and registration process, and cost of upskilling are the most significant barriers. Overall, the proposed framework might be useful for practitioners and project managers, who decide to use smart contracts in managing construction projects. The motive behind understanding critical operational barriers is to assist construction practitioners in automating contract execution processes. This study provides a basis for recommending the necessary strategies for the use of smart contracts in the industry to researchers in the construction management field.
Recreational Forest Use in the Regions of Northern Asia (for example of the Republic of Buryatia)
Authors: Sanzheev Erdeni D. , Namdakov Munko B.
Published: July 2023

The results of a study of the recreational use of forests in the Republic of Buryatia are presented in the article. A comparative description of the forest resources of the Republic and Russia is given, the high value of its forests is emphasized. The importance of recreational forest use among other types of forest use in the Republic of Buryatia is shown. The analysis of the dynamics of the forest fund plots lease for recreational purposes, which showed a decrease in the number of tenants and in the area of leased plots was made in the article. It was revealed that this is mainly due to the influence of restrictive measures due to the coronavirus pandemic. It has been established that in the general structure of tenants the majority are private enterprises. There are significantly fewer state-owned enterprises and organizations among tenants, but their number remains stable. A comparative analysis allows us to state that more than 60.0 % of forest fund tenants for recreational purposes are located within the boundaries of four districts of the Republic of Buryatia, which are part of the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory. The analysis of the use of the forest lands for recreational purposes suggests that they are mainly used for the construction and operation of collective accommodation facilities for tourists. Differences in the nature of the use are highlighted of the forest land lease for recreational purposes and under contracts of permanent (perpetual) use. A high proportion of tenants of forest land for recreational purposes requires monitoring of the level of recreational loads. The inconsistency of the actions of state bodies, the imperfection of the existing legislative and regulatory framework threatens the state of forest resources in the republic due to the spontaneous development of tourism. It is necessary to further study the existing problems of recreational forest use and develop a set of measures for its rationalization.
Study of the Character of Soil Pollution with Zinc and Cadmium Along the Roads of the City of Volzhsky
Authors: Suhonosenko Denis S.
Published: July 2023

The character of zinc and cadmium pollution of the roadside soil of the city of Volzhsky is analyzed. Exceedings of approximately permissible concentrations of total forms of zinc and cadmium in the soil were not found. The concentration of zinc in the soil near the highways of the city of Volzhsky does not correlate with the concentration of cadmium. The influence of the intensity and structure of the traffic flow, the level of landscaping and the age of development on the spatial dynamics of the concentrations of zinc and cadmium in the soil was studied. Near highways with heavy traffic, the concentration of zinc in the soil is greater than on less busy roads. The concentration of cadmium in the soil is higher along the roads, where the role of trucks and buses in the structure of the traffic flow is high. Roadside areas with a higher level of greenery are characterized by lower concentrations of zinc in the soil. There was no statistically significant relationship between the concentration of cadmium in the soil and the level of landscaping of roadside areas. No relationship was found between the age of development and the concentrations of zinc and cadmium in the roadside soil. The concentration of heavy metals in soil near highways seems to depend on many factors. The influence of some factors overlaps with the influence of others, which complicates the identification of clear relationships.
Influence of Allelopathy at the Initial Stages of the Development of the Sowing Chestnut Under the Conditions of Anthropogenic Load
Authors: Scherbina Vitaliy G.
Published: July 2023

The magnitude of the influence of allelopathy at the initial stages of development of the sowing chestnut in the zone of humid subtropics is closely related to the level of the allelopathic background in the biocenosis, which is dependent on the negative anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. In undisturbed or slightly disturbed chestnut habitats, in the undercrown zone of the mother tree, under the influence of a complex of active intravital secretions from leaves and other aboveground organs that enter the upper soil horizons with precipitation, chestnut seeds at the germination stage experience an inhibitory effect (19.3‐21.3 %), at the stage of seedlings – stimulating (11.7‐30.4 %). The total effect of the action of colins with the participation of saprolines and miasmins of the rhizosphere and forest litter leads, respectively, to inhibition of germination by 71.0‐72.6 % and stimulation of seedling root growth by 32.0‐40.1 %. With an increase in the field tolerance index in the forest biocenosis in the range of 1.88‐4.70, from “very clean” to “clean” and “relatively clean” environment, the intensity of the allelopathic background in the community consistently decreases as progressive recreational soil compaction accumulates, depressing on the germination of chestnut. The growth of seedling roots, stimulated in a “very clean” and “clean” environment in the range of soil volumetric mass of 0.70‐1.24 g/cm3, is replaced by their inhibition in a “relatively clean” environment of chestnut biocenosis.
Development an Algorithm for Constructing Reference Lines and Angles for Knee Joints on X-ray Images
Authors: Mannaa Ali S. , Muratova Galina V.
Published: July 2023

Abstract. This article is devoted to presenting the results of using the algorithm for constructing reference lines and angles for processing X-ray images. The problem of improving the quality of X-ray images is an urgent applied and scientific task, since the number of joint replacement operations increases every year due to the general trend of aging of the population. Doctors are faced with the task of preserving the patient's organs and ensuring the quality of life. Therefore, this issue is relevant for both physicians and engineers. The development of software implementing an improved method of constructing reference lines and angles will improve the quality of X-ray images during medical examinations. As a practical application, the case of the area of the knee joint is considered. The proposed algorithm conalgorithm, expansion, reference line identification, etc.). The research results show that the software implementation of the algorithm has the effect of improving the quality of diagnosis and the development of correct methods of treatment of the affected bone areas.
Differentiability of the Functional and the Necessary Condition to Solve Optimal Control Problem with Integral Criterion Qualities over the Entire Domain for a Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with a Special Gradient Term
Authors: Salmanov Vugar I.
Published: July 2023

This work is devoted to the study of the optimal control problem for the three-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a special gradient term and with a complex potential. The controls are the real and imaginary parts of the complex potential and are selected from the class of measurable bounded functions depending on the time variable, and the performance criterion is an integral over throughout the region is of considerable scientific interest. We note that the existence and uniqueness of a solution to an optimal control problem with an integral performance criterion over the entire domain for a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a special gradient term was previously studied by the author. And in this article, the differentiability of the previously considered problem is studied. A theorem on the uniqueness of the adjoint problem to the stated problem is given, which is proved by the Galerkin method. A theorem on the differentiability of the solution of the optimal control problem under consideration is given and proved. Along with these, a formula is found for the first variation of the quality criterion under consideration and with the help of which a necessary condition is established in the form of a variational inequality.
The Effect of Winglets on the Aerodynamic Properties of a Thin Wing
Authors: Samsonov Ilya K. , Sumbatyan Mezhlum A.
Published: July 2023

The paper considers the problem of symmetrical airflow around a thin plate with winglets. There is studied the effect of the winglets on the lifting force of a thin plate. There are presented the data obtained by using a mathematical model, which is based on a linearized theory of thin wing and a method of small perturbations. In frames of this theory, the problem is reduced to a system of two dual integral equations, which is solved by a discrete vortex method. For comparison, we also present the data obtained in natural experiment with thin plates of various sizes with and without winglets. Then we perform a comparison between the analytical theory and the data of the natural experiments. Some conclusions are made about the effect of winglets on the lifting force. It is stressed that with small attack angles the experimental results confirm the theoretical conclusions. The general conclusion is that the winglets of the discussed type increase the lifting force up to 10 % that may lead to fuel economy with their usage.
Comparative Characteristics of the Lithochemical Features of Chernozems in The Northern Azov Sea Region and Crimea
Authors: Ergina Elena I. , Bezuglova Olga S.
Published: July 2023

The article discusses modern approaches to the study of weathering and soil formation processes in soils. It offers comparative characteristics of migration-segregation (ordinary carbonate) chernozems and textural-calcareous (southern) chernozems formed under conditions of the steppe regions in the Crimea and Rostov region. Lithochemical indices were used to determine the relative age of soils and establish the relationship between soil formation and weathering. CIA index characterizes the degree of soil weathering and its mineralogical features, while CIW index determines the degree of maturity of fine aluminosiliciclastics. The determined gross chemical (elemental) composition of soils and rocks formed the initial data for such reconstructions. In addition, the research included calculations of the molar ratios of silica to sesquioxides (SiO2:R2O3) and the eluviation coefficient (Ke) (excluding sodium) in soils and soil-forming rocks. It has been established that the relative age of chernozems in the Crimean Peninsula is less compared to the similar subtypes of chernozems in the Rostov region. This is due to the peculiarities of the soil-forming material. In the Rostov region, chernozems are formed on more weathered clay parent rocks, while the formation of Crimean chernozems is confined mainly to the eluvium of sedimentary rocks. Down the profile, the intensity of soil formation and weathering processes in the soils of the South and South-East of the East European Plain noticeably decreases due to a lower rate of secondary weathering of minerals. This can be explained by the limited energy characteristics of the environment in which these processes occur. Among such limiting environmental factors, on the major factors are an insufficient amount of moisture in the spring-summer period.
Ecogeographical Background and Problems of Tourism Development in HighMountainous Territories
Authors: Mardanov Ilham I.
Published: July 2023

This work is devoted to the analysis of the possibilities for the development of various types of tourism in the high-mountainous territories of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus (Republic of Azerbaijan), which are distinguished by complex ecogeographical conditions, and where various landscape tracts are formed. This work was carried out on the basis of processing various data from field and cameral studies conducted in different years, which made it possible to identify differences in the manifestation of natural factors. These factors to some extent affect the development of the tourism industry, and in general, landscape planning in certain massifs of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, including the Garabagh volcanic highlands, which has a longer perspective for the development of this industry. To assess soil conditions from the point of view of tourism development, field and cameral soil and landscape survey data were analyzed, the available literature and cartographic materials were analyzed, and socio-economic and psychological prerequisites for emerging environmental problems were compared. In this direction, the analysis of morphometric indicators of the relief, the study of the degree of exposure of the territory to gravitational processes - landslides, screes, placers, soil erosion and the assessment of the intensity of their development were carried out. Of great importance is the comparative analysis and generalization of geomorphological, soil erosion and geo botanical maps. Based on the analysis of the slope slope map, the most favorable areas for the placement of ecotourism facilities were identified, which were refined using the available soil erosion maps at a scale of 1:100 000 and 1:25 000.