bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micronuclei in the Bone Marrow Cells of Rodents
Authors: Hayashi Makoto , Masumori Shoji
Published: July 2019

The micronucleus assay is one of the genotoxicity assays used to detect chromosomal aberration induction in vivo. Rodent micronucleus assay using erythropoietic cells has been used most widely for chemical safety in the risk assessment of human health. In this chapter, we will discuss the mechanism of micronucleus formation from chromosomal aberrations, methodology of the assay, evaluation and interpretation of the assay results, modification of the standard assay, namely in target tissues other than the bone marrow, and automation of the assay. We mainly provide rationale for why the rodent micronucleus assay is widely used for regulatory purposes rather than describing the usual textbook or standard operation procedure. We also discuss how to evaluate the assay results and how to interpret the data to determine the human risk of the test chemical.
The In Vitro Micronucleus Assay with Rodent Hepatocytes
Authors: Eckl P. M. , Bresgen N.
Published: July 2019

This work describes the primary rodent hepatocyte micronucleus (MN) assay starting from its beginnings as an ex vivo/in vitro assay to the final development of culture conditions enabling the in vitro proliferation of primary hepatocytes. It addresses the sensitivity of this cellular system and the particular features of hepatocytes that lead to higher frequencies of micronucleated cells such as polyploidy and the related formation of multipolar mitosis. Last, it gives information on the potential applications apart from the mere testing of suspect chemicals. These applications include the evaluation of the genotoxic potential of complex environmental mixtures, biomonitoring and antimutagenicity testing.
The Piscine Erythrocyte Micronucleus Cytome Assay
Authors: Anbumani Sadasivam , Mohankumar Mary N.
Published: July 2019

Technological advancements introduce several genotoxic chemicals that adversely affect the health status of aquatic organisms and may eventually pose a risk to human health via the contaminated food chain. Biomarkers of genotoxicity such as micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear abnormalities can be measured by the erythrocyte micronucleus assay, a relatively simple technique that is highly useful in assessing the health conditions of biota and their surrounding ecosystems. This chapter briefly describes the micronucleus assay in fish and highlights DNA damage detection using this method under laboratory and in situ conditions. Plausible mechanisms of the formation of nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities upon exposure to mutagenic agents, literature evidence on the occurrence of MN and other cellular abnormalities and a simplified protocol for conducting the assay in fish peripheral erythrocytes are also described. Ample evidence for renaming the assay as the erythrocyte MN cytome assay (EMNCA) are presented based on the advantage of measuring MN together with other nuclear anomalies in identifying biomarker profiles specific to physical and chemical genotoxin exposures in fish.
Micronucleus Assays with Meiotic Pollen Tetrad Cells of Tradescantia and with Mitotic Root Tip Cells of Allium cepa and Vicia faba
Authors: Mišík M. , Nersesyan A. , Mišíková K. , Knasmueller S.
Published: July 2019

Plant based bioassays, i.e. micronucleus experiments with mitotic root tip cells of Allium and Vicia and with meiotic early tetrads cells of Tradescantia, have been used for more than 40 years in environmental monitoring and are highly sensitive to relevant groups of environmental mutagens, such as heavy metals, radionuclides, air pollutants and certain agrochemicals. Some of these toxins cause negative or only weak effects in bacterial assays and in mammalian cells. Due to their high sensitivity, plant tests can be used for in situ monitoring. The advantages of their use are that the experiments are inexpensive and simple and that no concentration of environmental samples is required. For these reasons, they are useful components of test batteries for the detection of mutagens in complex environmental mixtures.
Regulatory Aspects and Guidelines for the use of Micronucleus Assays in Mammalian and Human Cells
Authors: Kirsch-Volders M. , Bolognesi C. , Fenech M.
Published: July 2019

Micronucleus (MN) assays have become the most widely used and best validated biomarkers of DNA damage and chromosomal instability in human cells both in vitro and in vivo. To ensure consistent and reliable application of micronucleus assays within and across laboratories worldwide, it is essential to establish clear guidelines and detailed protocols and to test these in inter-laboratory validation exercises. This chapter focuses on (i) the process of the establishment of the approved OECD guideline 487 for using mammalian cell line and human lymphocyte micronucleus assays with or without cytokinesis-block using cytochalasin-B for the genotoxicity testing of chemicals; (ii) the guidelines approved by the International Atomic Energy Agency and World Health Organization, and the associated ISO Standard #17099 for the use of the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) assay for biodosimetry of occupational or accidental exposure to ionizing radiation and its validation in international inter-laboratory network studies; (iii) a road-map to achieve internationally accepted regulatory guidelines for the application of the lymphocyte CBMN-cyt assay to measure in vivo DNA damage induced by chemical genotoxin exposure and its justification based on recent reviews of all published studies and (iv) the current status of the use of exfoliated epithelial cell MN assays to measure DNA damage induced by exposure to chemical genotoxins in vivo and the knowledge gaps that need to be addressed before proceeding to a regulatory guideline.
Micronucleus Assay: Epidemiological and Statistical Issues
Authors: Ceppi Marcello , Bonassi Stefano , Bruzzone Marco , Fontana Vincenzo
Published: July 2019

The present chapter will report an overview of the main statistical methods that can be used to provide quantitative estimates of the association between count variables, such as micronuclei (MN) and genotoxic exposures. The description of data is a critical step of statistical analysis, since possible mistakes can be detected and corrected in this phase. Towards this aim, traditional (histograms and box and whisker plots) and advanced [spline and locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS)] graphical procedures are described. Other basic procedures, such as sample size evaluation and data transformation, are described with a practical approach. Different regression models that can be used to fit MN data, which take into consideration confounding and detect effect modification, are discussed, including normal, log-normal, Poisson and negative binomial distributions. The chapter briefly illustrates in a non-technical manner the advanced procedures that can be efficiently applied to MN analysis, such as zero-inflated count and multilevel count modelling.
Effects of Tobacco Smoking on Micronucleus Frequency
Authors: Nersesyan A. , Mišík M. , Knasmüller S.
Published: July 2019

Tobacco smoke contains numerous genotoxic carcinogens (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, tobacco-specific nitroso-compounds, aromatic amines) and causes more than 7 million deaths globally per year. In addition to the lungs, tumor induction was found in several other organs of smokers, in particular in the bladder, larynx and pharynx. In vitro studies with mammalian cell lines and experiments with laboratory rodents found that individual smoke constituents and also smoke condensates cause the formation of micronuclei (MN) and other biomarkers of DNA damage. Human studies with cigarette smokers detected MN induction in lymphocytes and also in exfoliated cells from the mouth, bladder and cervix, but clear positive results were confined to heavy smokers. Furthermore, positive results were observed with water pipe smokers (two studies), while negative results were reported in a study with tobacco free electronic cigarettes. Data concerning cigar and pipe smoking are not available at present. There is some evidence of potential synergistic effects of smoking in combination with occupational exposures to other genotoxins, but more investigations are required to draw firm conclusions. Also combination effects with alcohol consumption and the impact of age and body weight on MN formation have only been poorly investigated.
Khat, Betel, Coca and Tobacco Chewing: Genotoxic Effects in Micronucleus Assays
Authors: Nersesyan A. , Wultsch G. , Mišík M. , Knasmüller S.
Published: July 2019

Epidemiological findings indicate that the chewing of tobacco, betel (with and without tobacco) and khat leaves causes cancer and preneoplastic lesions (leukoplakia) in the oral cavity, while no data are available concerning the effects of coca leaves. The results of human studies show that these habits (except the consumption of coca leaves) cause the formation of micronuclei (MN) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells. Taken together, the results show that MN reflect the cancer risks of this widespread chewing habit. In vitro and animal experiments with extracts of betel quid and tobacco support the assumption that chewing causes damage of the genetic material. It is likely that alkaloids that are contained in these plants, such as cathinione in khat, arecoline and structurally related compounds in betel quid, account for their genotoxic properties. Furthermore, specific nitrosamines were identified in betel quid and also in chewing tobacco which may play a role in regard to MN formation in the buccal cavity.
Use of the Micronucleus Assay in Occupational Studies Involving Exposure to Genotoxic Chemicals – an Overview
Authors: Wultsch Georg , Knasmüller Siegfried , Setayesh Tahereh , Mišík Miroslav , Nersesyan Armen
Published: July 2019

This chapter gives an overview on the use of micronucleus (MN) assays in occupational studies involving exposure to different groups of chemical genotoxins. Currently available data show that experiments with lymphocytes detect genetic damage in workers caused by different groups of carcinogens. It is well documented that MN formation in lymphocytes is a valid marker for the detection of cancer risks in humans, this is probably also true for exfoliated buccal cells. Only a few studies with nasal and bladder cells have been realized with chemically exposed workers; the results are promising and indicate that the former approach may be useful for biomonitoring genotoxic effects of inhalative exposures, while the latter detects the effects of genotoxic chemicals that cause cancer in the urothelial tract. Taken together, the evaluation of the data shows that experiments with lymphocytes are currently the most widely used approach in occupational studies and that the number of investigations increased worldwide substantially over the last few years; the latter conclusion is also true for experiments with exfoliated buccal cells, which have the advantage that samples can be collected with non-invasive methods and that no cultivation of the cells is required.
Ionising Radiation Exposure Biodosimetry Using the Lymphocyte Cytokinesis-block Micronucleus Cytome Assay
Authors: Fenech Michael
Published: July 2019

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMNcyt) assay is one of the best validated methods for measuring structural and numerical chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes. This paper describes the methodology, biology and mechanisms underlying the application of this technique for biodosimetry following exposure to ionising radiation. Apart from the measurement of micronuclei (MN) it is also possible to score other biomarkers within the CBMNcyt assay that are relevant to radiation biodosimetry. These include nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB), which are an important additional measure of radiation-induced damage that originate from dicentric chromosomes, the proportion of dividing cells and cells undergoing cell death. A brief account is also given of the outcomes of recent inter-laboratory comparison studies and current developments in the automation of this technique. Furthermore, important knowledge gaps that need attention to further enhance the applicability of this important method for radiation biodosimetry are discussed.
Effect ofIn VivoFormaldehyde Exposure on DNA Damage Measured by the Micronucleus Assay in Lymphocytes, Buccal, and Nasal Cells
Authors: Fenech Michael , Nersesyan Armen , Knasmueller Siegfried
Published: July 2019

Formaldehyde (FAL) is a Class I carcinogen. Occupational exposure to this chemical is not uncommon and there is a need to validate appropriate methods for detecting its genotoxic effects in vivo in humans. One of the most commonly used methods to measure the genotoxic effects of exposure to environmental chemicals is the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus (L-CBMN) assay. We, therefore, performed a systematic review and statistical analysis of the results from all published reports (N = 17 studies) in which the L-CBMN assay was used to measure the genotoxic effects of human exposure to FAL. The results of this systematic review indicate that the majority (62%) of these studies showed significant increases in lymphocyte micronuclei (MN), a biomarker of chromosome breakage or loss, in exposed subjects relative to controls. The results of all studies (positive or negative), when pooled together, indicated a highly significant doubling in lymphocyte MN frequency in those exposed to FAL relative to controls (P < 0.0001). In similar studies using buccal cells (N = 7 studies) and nasal cells (N = 6 studies) the MN frequency was increased by a factor of 2.6 (P = 0.031) and 2.2 (P = 0.030), respectively, in those exposed to FAL relative to controls. These results are consistent with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation not to exceed exposure to 0.081 ppm, given that the means (range) of exposure concentrations were 0.74 (0.05–2.56) ppm, 0.77 (0.06–3.01) ppm, and 0.55 (0.09–1.40) ppm in the lymphocyte, buccal and nasal cell studies, respectively, and, therefore, they were mainly above the WHO safe limit. These observations indicate the suitability of MN assays to measure the in vivo genotoxicity of FAL.
Petroleum, Its Derivatives and Micronuclei
Authors: Zhang Guang-hui , Xia Zhao-lin
Published: July 2019

Since the 1960s, petroleum has been the most important energy source, and thousands of its chemicals or derivatives contribute to global air, water, and soil pollution. Benzene is one of the most hazardous and ubiquitous components among the petroleum derivatives encountered in industrial occupations and environmental pollution, causing haematotoxic and genotoxic aplastic anemia as well as all types of leukemia. The aim of this chapter is to describe the mechanism of exposure to petroleum chemicals and discuss current knowledge on the use of micronucleus assays to study genetic damage induced by petroleum and its chemical derivatives. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay with peripheral blood lymphocytes is a useful biomarker to reflect the genetic damage caused by benzene – a major product of the petroleum industry.
Butadiene and Its Effects on Micronucleus Frequency
Authors: Bolognesi Claudia , Kirsch-Volders Micheline
Published: July 2019

1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a volatile compound widely used in the production of synthetic rubbers. BD has been classified as “carcinogenic to humans” by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) because an association between occupational exposure to BD and increased risk of leukemia was shown. Interspecies difference in susceptibility to BD carcinogenicity has been observed, with mice being more sensitive than rats. The key steps of BD carcinogenicity involve the metabolic activation of BD to different epoxides known to bind to DNA, leading to mutations. BD was shown to be genotoxic in different in vitro systems only in the presence of metabolic activation. Ten in vivo MN-assays carried out in mice showed consistently positive results in bone marrow. Two studies in rats reported negative results. Four small sized studies using the MN assay in peripheral lymphocytes of subjects occupationally exposed to 1–3 ppm of BD did not show any increase in MN frequency. Three studies recently carried out in China showed increased MN frequencies associated with the intensity of the exposure, with a frequency ratio of 2.29 when the mean cumulative dose was 266 ppm year−1. These results are consistent with the exposure–response curve for leukemia mortality, showing no increase for cumulative exposure of less than or equal to 200 BD ppm-years.
A new matrix-matched calibration strategy for static headspace gas chromatography to enable high throughputs in pharmaceutical quality control laboratories
Authors: Jung Dirk , Kreher Jörg-Detlef , Kratz Hans-Ullrich , Michalik Ulrike
Published: July 2019

The analysis of residual solvents or generally, volatile organic substances using static headspace gas chromatography, is often accompanied by matrix effects.
Heterocyclization involving benzylic C(sp3)–H functionalization enabled by visible light photoredox catalysis
Authors: Pandey Ganesh , Laha Ramkrishna , Mondal Pradip Kumar
Published: July 2019

An efficient method for heterocyclization via visible light photoredox catalysis is reported to access various oxygen and nitrogen heterocycles.
Novel oxacalix[2]arene[2]triazines with thermally activated delayed fluorescence and aggregation-induced emission properties
Authors: Wang Yin-Feng , Lu Hai-Yan , Shen Yi-Fan , Li Meng , Chen Chuan-Feng
Published: July 2019

Novel triazine-based oxacalixarenes were designed and synthesized, and they exhibited excellent TADF properties and apparent AIE characteristics in THF/H2O mixtures.
Thiocyanate radical mediated dehydration of aldoximes with visible light and air
Authors: Ban Yong-Liang , Dai Jian-Ling , Jin Xiao-Ling , Zhang Qing-Bao , Liu Qiang
Published: July 2019

This work describes the first example of dehydration of aldoximes by an in situ generated radical-based hydrogen abstraction reaction.
Theoretical investigation of the valence states in Au via the Au–F compounds under high pressure
Authors: Liu Guangtao , Feng Xiaolei , Wang Linyan , Redfern Simon A. T. , Yong Xue , Gao Guoying , Liu Hanyu
Published: July 2019

A stable 6-fold coordinated AuF4 compound with anomalous Au4+ is calculated to be stable under compression.
N-Doped FeCo/ASC catalysts for NOx reduction by CO in a simulated rotary reactor
Authors: Sun Peiliang , Cheng Xingxing , Lai Yanhua , Wang Zhiqiang , Ma Chunyuan , Chang Jingcai , Zhou Ping
Published: July 2019

Herein, nitrogen-doped activated semi-coke (ASC)-supported ferrum cobalt-co-impregnated catalysts (FeCo/N-ASC) were prepared and tested for deNOx in a simulated rotary reactor.
The influence of the FeCp(CO)2+moiety on the dynamics of the metalloid [Ge9(Si(SiMe3)3)3]−cluster in thf: synthesis and characterization by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Michenfelder Nadine C. , Gienger Christian , Schnepf Andreas , Unterreiner Andreas-Neil
Published: July 2019

Photoexcitation of a newly synthesized, neutral tetrasubstituted Ge9cluster with a covalently bound transition metal substituent led to a complete ground state recovery within 150 ps indicating the strong influence of the Fe moiety.
A versatile single-ion electrolyte with a Grotthuss-like Li conduction mechanism for dendrite-free Li metal batteries
Authors: Yuan Shouyi , Bao Junwei Lucas , Wei Jishi , Xia Yongyao , Truhlar Donald G. , Wang Yonggang
Published: July 2019

A new versatile single-ion electrolyte with a Grotthuss-like Li conduction mechanism is proposed to address the issue of Li metal batteries.
Comparing TiO2 nanoparticle formulations: stability and photoreactivity are key factors in acute toxicity to Daphnia magna
Authors: Farner Jeffrey M. , Cheong Rachel S. , Mahé Emeric , Anand Hemanshu , Tufenkji Nathalie
Published: July 2019

Given their widespread manufacture and use, it is anticipated that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) will make their way into environmental surface waters where they may adversely impact biota.
An active, selective, and stable manganese oxide-supported atomic Pd catalyst for aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Liao Xuemei , Hou Jindou , Wang Ya , Zhang Hao , Sun Yu , Li Xiaopeng , Tang Siyang , Kato Kenichi , Yamauchi Miho , Jiang Zheng
Published: July 2019

An MnO2-supported atomic Pd catalyst can actively, selectively and stably convert HMF into FDCA.
Copper-based catalysts with tunable acidic and basic sites for the selective conversion of levulinic acid/ester to γ-valerolactone or 1,4-pentanediol
Authors: Shao Yuewen , Sun Kai , Li Qingyin , Liu Qianhe , Zhang Shu , Liu Qing , Hu Guangzhi , Hu Xun
Published: July 2019

Selective conversion of levulinic acid/ester to γ-valerolactone or 1,4-pentanediol was achieved over copper-based catalysts with tunable acidic and basic sites.
A rapid and low-cost fabrication and integration scheme to render 3D microfluidic architectures for wearable biofluid sampling, manipulation, and sensing
Authors: Lin Haisong , Zhao Yichao , Lin Shuyu , Wang Bo , Yeung Christopher , Cheng Xuanbing , Wang Zhaoqing , Cai Tianyou , Yu Wenzhuo , King Kimber , Tan Jiawei , Salahi Kamyar , Hojaiji Hannaneh , Emaminejad Sam
Published: July 2019

We devise a simple, scalable, and low-cost “CAD-to-3D Device” fabrication and integration scheme, which renders 3D and complex microfluidic architectures for wearable biofluid sampling, manipulation, and sensing.
Correction: Study of segmental dynamics and ion transport in polymer–ceramic composite electrolytes by quasi-elastic neutron scattering
Authors: Chen X. Chelsea , Sacci Robert L. , Osti Naresh C. , Tyagi Madhusudan , Armstrong Beth L. , Wang Yangyang , Palmer Max J. , Dudney Nancy J.
Published: July 2019

Correction for ‘Study of segmental dynamics and ion transport in polymer–ceramic composite electrolytes by quasi-elastic neutron scattering’ by X. Chelsea Chen et al., Mol. Syst. Des. Eng., 2019, 4, 379–385.
Soft lamellar solid foams from ice-templating of self-assembled lipid hydrogels: organization drives the mechanical properties
Authors: Baccile Niki , Ben Messaoud Ghazi , Zinn Thomas , Fernandes Francisco M.
Published: July 2019

Ice-templating soft self-assembled lipid hydrogels with different morphologies (fibrous vs. lamellar) of comparable elastic properties result in macroporous solids with extremely different mechanical properties.
Imaging and proteomic study of a clickable iridium complex
Authors: Wang Xiuxiu , Zhang Jingyi , Zhao Xinyang , Wei Wei , Zhao Jing
Published: July 2019

Iridium complexes have recently attracted increasing interest in developing metallodrugs. Herein, we have synthesized and characterized a clickable iridium hydride complex 2-N3. The cytotoxity and production of reactive oxygen species study in A2780 cancer cells indicated a potent anticancer activity of 2-N3. The ICP-MS analysis and the cellular imaging via Cu(i) catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition suggested the accumulation of 2-N3 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Further label-free quantitative proteomic analysis indicated that the ECM–receptor interaction pathway was activated by 2-N3. The analysis of down-regulated proteins suggested that 2-N3 affected cellular DNA transcription, post-translational glycosyl modification, and redox homeostasis. Besides, 2-N3 also damaged several crucial proteins and enzymes in the mitochondria and nucleus, leading to the disorder of the cellular processes. Our results provide a new approach to mechanism studies of metallodrugs combining click chemistry and proteomic analysis.
Density functional theory simulation of cobalt oxide aggregation and facile synthesis of a cobalt oxide, gold and multiwalled carbon nanotube based ternary composite for a high performance supercapattery
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Li Lijie , Numan Arshid , Rafique Saqib , Jafer Rashida , Mohamad Sharifah , Khalid Mohammad , Ramesh K. , Ramesh S.
Published: July 2019

A novel ternary composite consisting of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) grown on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and mixed with gold (Au) NPs is synthesized by a single step hydrothermal route.
Functional bisphosphonate synthesis for the development of new anti-resorption bone drug candidates
Authors: Bortolamiol Enrica , Chiminazzo Andrea , Sperni Laura , Borsato Giuseppe , Fabris Fabrizio , Scarso Alessandro
Published: July 2019

Widening the bisphosphonate toolbox: new bisphosphonate scaffolds enable new functionalizations.
Silicon doped graphene quantum dots combined with ruthenium(iii) ions as a fluorescent probe for turn-on detection of triclosan
Authors: Du Fuyou , Zeng Qiulian , Lai Zhan , Cheng Zhenfang , Ruan Guihua
Published: July 2019

In this work, silicon doped graphene quantum dots (Si-GQDs) were prepared and applied for the sensitive and selective fluorescence detection of triclosan (TCS) in combination with Ru3+ ions.
Epitaxial multilayers of alkanes on two-dimensional black phosphorus as passivating and electrically insulating nanostructures
Authors: Bolognesi Margherita , Brucale Marco , Lorenzoni Andrea , Prescimone Federico , Moschetto Salvatore , Korolkov Vladimir V. , Baldoni Matteo , Serrano-Ruiz Manuel , Caporali Maria , Mercuri Francesco , Besley Elena , Muccini Michele , Peruzzini Maurizio , Beton Peter H. , Toffanin Stefano
Published: July 2019

Mechanically exfoliated 2D black phosphorus and solution casted tetracosane form a semiconductor/insulator, stable van der Waals heterostructure.
MnFe2O4-decorated large-pore mesoporous silica-coated upconversion nanoparticles for near-infrared light-induced and O2 self-sufficient photodynamic therapy
Authors: Ding Binbin , Shao Shuai , Xiao Haihua , Sun Chunqiang , Cai Xuechao , Jiang Fan , Zhao Xueyan , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun
Published: July 2019

Upconversion hybrid theranostic nanoplatform for near-infrared light-induced and O2 self-sufficient photodynamic therapy.
Phenotype-based discovery of a HeLa-specific cytotoxic molecule that downregulates HPV-mediated signaling pathwaysviaoxidative damage
Authors: Lee Sanghee , Cho Wansang , Hong Sungyoul , Yi Sihyeong , Kim Heejun , Baek Soo Yeon , Park Hankum , Jung Jinjoo , Shin Young Kee , Park Seung Bum
Published: July 2019

Selective bioactive compounds have emerged as major players in chemical biology for their potential in disrupting diverse biological pathways with minimal adverse effects.
Stereoselective synthesis of hexahydrofuro[3,4-b]furan-4-ol and its dimer via tandem Prins and pinacol rearrangement
Authors: Shit Sudip , Devi Namita , Devi Ngangbam Renubala , Saikia Anil K.
Published: July 2019

Hexahydrofuro[3,4-b]furan-4-ol and its dimer can conveniently be synthesized from ((4S,5R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanol and aldehydes in good yields with excellent diastereo- and enantio-selectivity.
Correction: Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolo–triazole hybrids as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing agents
Authors: Srinivasa Reddy T. , Kulhari Hitesh , Ganga Reddy V. , Subba Rao A. V. , Bansal Vipul , Kamal Ahmed , Shukla Ravi
Published: July 2019

Correction for ‘Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolo–triazole hybrids as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing agents’ by T. Srinivasa Reddy et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2015, 13, 10136–10149.
Enhanced photocatalytic performance of black phosphorene by isoelectronic co-dopants
Authors: Yang Xuhui , Sa Baisheng , Xu Chao , Zhan Hongbing , Anpo Masakazu , Sun Zhimei
Published: July 2019

Isoelectronic co-dopants enhance the photocatalytic hydrogen production properties without affecting the band gap feature of pure black phosphorene.
Iridium-catalyzed growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes with a bicentric diameter distribution
Authors: Xue Han , Xin Liantao , Xu Ziwei , Bai Ruiqin , Wu Qianru , Xin Benwu , Zhang Xiuyun , Cui Hongzhi , Chen Fushan , He Maoshuai
Published: July 2019

Single-walled carbon nanotubes grown on iridium nanoparticles exhibit a bicentric diameter distribution.
A novel Cu-nanowire@Quasi-MOF via mild pyrolysis of a bimetal-MOF for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol in air
Authors: Shen Yan , Bao Li-Wei , Sun Fang-Zhou , Hu Tong-Liang
Published: July 2019

A Cu-nanowire@Quasi-MOF was synthesized using a Cu/Co bimetal-MOF via a thermal decomposition strategy for the first time. The Cu-nanowire@Quasi-MOF exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol in air.
An eco-friendly route for template-free synthesis of high specific surface area mesoporous CeO2 powders and their adsorption for acid orange 7
Authors: Xu Yaohui , Li Ruixing , Zhou Yang
Published: July 2019

An eco-friendly route for template-free synthesis of mesoporous CeO2 powders with high specific surface areas.
Deactivation kinetics of individual C6–C9 aromatics' generation from methanol over Zn and P co-modified HZSM-5
Authors: Li Hu , Li Xue-Gang , Xiao Wen-De
Published: July 2019

A deactivation kinetic model has been determined for the MTA process over Zn and P co-doped HZSM-5; the generation rates of C6–C9 aromatics are treated individually while olefins and paraffins are lumped as intermediate and byproduct, respectively.
Photophysical deactivation behaviour of Rhodamine B using different graphite materials
Authors: Prakash Varnika , Bhar Rekha , Sharma Shweta , Mehta S. K.
Published: July 2019

Graphical representation of varying quenching mechanism of RhD B dye using different graphite materials i.e. EG and EG/AgNPs.
Efficient production of coenzyme Q10 from acid hydrolysate of sweet sorghum juice by Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Authors: Wang Y. , Chen S. , Liu J. , Lv P. , Cai D. , Zhao G.
Published: July 2019

An efficient coenzyme Q10 production from sweet sorghum juice was achieved, and a high product yield (205.83 mg L−1 sweet sorghum juice) was obtained under the optimized fed-batch fermentation.
Submicron fibers as a morphological improvement of amorphous zirconium oxide particles and their utilization in antimonate (Sb(v)) removal
Authors: Lönnrot Satu , Suorsa Valtteri , Paajanen Johanna , Hatanpää Timo , Ritala Mikko , Koivula Risto
Published: July 2019

Zirconium oxide was formed into submicron fibers to improve the Sb(v) separation performance compared to a conventional aggregate material.
Intermediate temperature water–gas shift kinetics for hydrogen production
Authors: Houston Ross , Labbé Nicole , Hayes Douglas , Daw C. Stuart , Abdoulmoumine Nourredine
Published: July 2019

The water–gas shift (WGS) reaction is an attractive process for producing hydrogen gas from lignocellulosic biomass conversion applications.
A cruciform phthalocyanine pentad-based NIR-II photothermal agent for highly efficient tumor ablation
Authors: Pan Houhe , Li Shukun , Kan Jing-lan , Gong Lei , Lin Chenxiang , Liu Wenping , Qi Dongdong , Wang Kang , Yan Xuehai , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: July 2019

The first molecular material-based PTA for the NIR-II photothermal therapy with high PCE of 58.3% was reported. The Zn4-H2Pc/DP NPs reveal good biocompatibility and notable tumor ablation ability in 1064 nm.
Ni2P2O7 microsheets as efficient Bi-functional electrocatalysts for water splitting application
Authors: Surendran Subramani , Sivanantham Arumugam , Shanmugam Sangaraju , Sim Uk , Kalai Selvan Ramakrishnan
Published: July 2019

A novel strategy to develop spongy nickel pyrophosphate (Ni2P2O7) microsheets with an innovative architecture as a noble-metal free bi-functional electrocatalysts for the prospective water splitting applications.
Environment-friendly, co-catalyst- and solvent-free fixation of CO2 using an ionic zinc(ii)–porphyrin complex immobilized in porous metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Sharma Nayuesh , Dhankhar Sandeep Singh , Nagaraja C. M.
Published: July 2019

Development of a heterogeneous catalyst composed of a [Zn(ii)NMeTPyP]4+[I−]4 complex immobilized in PCN-224 for environment-friendly, co-catalyst-free fixation of CO2 is reported.
Temperature-induced switchable interfacial interactions on slippery surfaces for controllable liquid manipulation
Authors: Wang Zubin , Xu Quan , Wang Lili , Heng Liping , Jiang Lei
Published: July 2019

The interfacial friction forces and adhesion forces are directly detected and controllable liquid sliding is achieved on a temperature-responsive slippery surface.
Mechanochemical synthesis of a processable halide perovskite quantum dot–MOF composite by post-synthetic metalation
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sohini , Rambabu Darsi , Maji Tapas Kumar
Published: July 2019

CsPbX3 perovskite quantum dots mechanochemically synthesized within an anionic MOF show intense luminescence and high solvent stability.
Facile and scalable engineering of a heterogeneous microstructure for uniform, stable and fast lithium plating/stripping
Authors: Wang Xianshu , Zhuang Jingchun , Liu Mingzhu , Wang Cun , Zhong Yaotang , Wang Huirong , Cheng Xueqiong , Liu Si , Cao Guozhong , Li Weishan
Published: July 2019

Heterogeneous microstructure was engineered on Li electrode by solid-phase grinding reaction of Zn3(PO4)2 with Li metal. It presented high lithiophilicity and stability, providing Li metal anode with a uniform, stable and fast Li plating/stripping.
In situ formation of metal–organic framework derived CuO polyhedrons on carbon cloth for highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensing
Authors: Cheng Siyi , Gao Xiang , DelaCruz Steven , Chen Chen , Tang Zirong , Shi Tielin , Carraro Carlo , Maboudian Roya
Published: July 2019

A facile in situ synthetic strategy to construct MOF-derived porous CuO polyhedrons on carbon cloth for highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensing.
Layered manganese bismuth tellurides with GeBi4Te7- and GeBi6Te10-type structures: towards multifunctional materials
Authors: Souchay Daniel , Nentwig Markus , Günther Daniel , Keilholz Simon , de Boor Johannes , Zeugner Alexander , Isaeva Anna , Ruck Michael , Wolter Anja U. B. , Büchner Bernd , Oeckler Oliver
Published: July 2019

Non-stoichiometry is the key to single-phase layered compounds in the system Mn/Bi/Te, which is essential to evaluate their multifunctional properties.
A combinatory approach towards the design of organic polymer luminescent materials
Authors: Wang Tao , Su Xiaoge , Zhang Xuepeng , Huang Wenhuan , Huang Linkun , Zhang Xingyuan , Sun Xiang , Luo Yi , Zhang Guoqing
Published: July 2019

Dual-phosphorescence emission can be realized via chemical conjugation between an n–π* type of luminophore and a π–π* one.
Electron affinity of boron-terminated diamond (001) surfaces: a density functional theory study
Authors: Shen Wei , Pan Yuanhui , Shen Shengnan , Li Hui , Zhang Yang , Zhang Guohao
Published: July 2019

Boron-terminated bare and oxidized diamond (001) surfaces are first proposed in this paper and are modelled by adsorbing the boron (B) atoms onto the bare and oxidized diamond (001) surfaces, respectively.
Coherent optical coupling of plasmonic dipoles in metallic nanoislands with random sizes and shapes
Authors: Sadeghi Seyed M. , Gutha Rithvik R. , Sharp Christina
Published: July 2019

Coherent coupling of plasmonic dipoles of metallic nanoislands with random sizes and generation of surface lattice resonances via photonic lattices.
Dissecting the cytochrome c2–reaction centre interaction in bacterial photosynthesis using single molecule force spectroscopy
Authors: Vasilev Cvetelin , Mayneord Guy E. , Brindley Amanda A. , Johnson Matthew P. , Hunter C. Neil
Published: July 2019

The reversible docking of small, diffusible redox proteins onto a membrane protein complex is a common feature of bacterial, mitochondrial and photosynthetic electron transfer (ET) chains. Spectroscopic studies of ensembles of such redox partners have been used to determine ET rates and dissociation constants. Here, we report a single-molecule analysis of the forces that stabilise transient ET complexes. We examined the interaction of two components of bacterial photosynthesis, cytochrome c2 and the reaction centre (RC) complex, using dynamic force spectroscopy and PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical imaging. RC–LH1–PufX complexes, attached to silicon nitride AFM probes and maintained in a photo-oxidised state, were lowered onto a silicon oxide substrate bearing dispersed, immobilised and reduced cytochrome c2 molecules. Microscale patterns of cytochrome c2 and the cyan fluorescent protein were used to validate the specificity of recognition between tip-attached RCs and surface-tethered cytochrome c2. Following the transient association of photo-oxidised RC and reduced cytochrome c2 molecules, retraction of the RC-functionalised probe met with resistance, and forces between 112 and 887 pN were required to disrupt the post-ET RC–c2 complex, depending on the retraction velocities used. If tip-attached RCs were reduced instead, the probability of interaction with reduced cytochrome c2 molecules decreased 5-fold. Thus, the redox states of the cytochrome c2 haem cofactor and RC ‘special pair’ bacteriochlorophyll dimer are important for establishing a productive ET complex. The millisecond persistence of the post-ET cytochrome c2[oxidised]–RC[reduced] ‘product’ state is compatible with rates of cyclic photosynthetic ET, at physiologically relevant light intensities.
Less photoprotection can be good in some genetic and environmental contexts
Authors: Demmig-Adams Barbara , Stewart Jared J. , Adams William W.
Published: July 2019

Antioxidant systems modulate oxidant-based signaling networks and excessive removal of oxidants can prevent beneficial acclimation responses. Evidence from mutant, transgenic, and locally adapted natural plant systems is used to interpret differences in the capacity for antioxidation and formulate hypotheses for future inquiry. We focus on the first line of chloroplast antioxidant defense, pre-emptive thermal dissipation of excess absorbed light (monitored as nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching, NPQ) as well as on tocopherol-based antioxidation. Findings from NPQ-deficient and tocopherol-deficient mutants that exhibited enhanced biomass production and/or enhanced foliar water-transport capacity are reviewed and discussed in the context of the impact of lower levels of antioxidation on plant performance in hot/dry conditions, under cool temperature, and in the presence of biotic stress. The complexity of cellular redox-signaling networks is related to the complexity of environmental and endogenous inputs as well as to the need for intensified training and collaboration in the study of plant–environment interactions across biological sub-disciplines.
All‐MOS self‐referenced temperature sensor
Authors: Xie S. , Theuwissen A.
Published: July 2019

This Letter presents an all‐MOS self‐referenced temperature sensor, intended for thermal compensation of dark current in CMOS image sensors (CIS). Its thermal sensing front‐end is based on a self‐biased nMOS pair working in the subthreshold region. Biased with ratiometric currents, the differential voltage output of the nMOS pair is proportional to the absolute temperature. The thermal sensing voltage is quantised by a self‐referenced first‐order incremental delta–sigma ADC, which obtains its reference voltage from the thermal sensing front‐end. This reference voltage has been virtually attenuated, through switch capacitor charge sampling, to improve the resolution of the temperature sensor. Measured between −20 and 80°C, the proposed temperature sensor achieves an inaccuracy within ±0.55°C.
Structural responses suppression for a barge‐type floating wind turbine with a platform‐based TMD
Authors: Xie Shuangyi , Jin Xin , He Jiao , Zhang Chenglin
Published: July 2019

As the ocean environment is more complex than the land environment, the offshore wind turbines especially the floating types generally suffer significant structural loads. In this study, in order to carry out the accurate simulation and analysis for the dynamic characteristics of a barge‐type floating wind turbine, a detailed turbine model including the complete drivetrain is constructed. Additionally, the structural responses of the wind turbine are mitigated by using a single‐degree of freedom tuned mass damper (TMD) system installed in the platform. In order to achieve the ideal response mitigation effect, a parametric study on the TMD configuration is carried out. Based on a new co‐simulation model combining multi‐body model and external control codes, the turbine model coupled with the TMD is then simulated under the combined wind and wave. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed TMD on mitigating the structural responses of the barge‐type floating wind turbine.
Analytical LVRT analysis of doubly fed induction generator with MPC‐basedDSCC/DRCC
Authors: Li Shenghu , Huang Jiejie , Sun Tingting
Published: July 2019

Under the low‐voltage ride‐through (LVRT) of the doubly fed induction generator, extra efforts are required for the model predictive control (MPC)‐based direct stator/rotor current controls (DSCC/DRCC) against the stator flux oscillation. Constant stator/rotor currents are maintained at the cost of rotor/stator current oscillations, respectively, due to stator flux oscillation. Necessity to incorporate the stator flux transient in the MPC‐based DSCC/DRCC under the LVRT is analysed based on tracking effects of the current references. To quantify LVRT effect with the MPC‐based DSCC/DRCC, analytical expressions of the stator current, rotor current and rotor voltage are proposed, whose accuracy is validated based on comparison with the time‐domain simulations. On the basis of analytical study, advantages and disadvantages of the DSCC/DRCC are analysed considering impacts of the current oscillations on the security of the rotor‐side converter. With the DRCC, rotor voltage increase is suppressed with damping to the stator flux oscillation and rotor current constraint is satisfied without decreasing stator output power; thus, the LVRT effect is desirable compared with the DSCC. The MPC‐based DSCC/DRCC is extended to LVRT under the asymmetrical fault to realise effective control to both the positive and negative sequence stator/rotor currents.
Extragalactic megahertz-peaked spectrum radio sources at milliarcsecond scales
Authors: Keim M. A. , Callingham J. R. , Röttgering H. J. A.
Published: July 2019

Extragalactic peaked-spectrum radio sources are thought to be the progenitors of larger, radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN). Synchrotron self-absorption (SSA) has often been identified as the cause of their spectral peak. The identification of new megahertz-peaked spectrum sources from the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey provides an opportunity to test how radio sources with spectral peaks below 1 GHz fit within this evolutionary picture. We observed six peaked-spectrum sources selected from the GLEAM survey, three that have spectral characteristics which violate SSA and three that have spectral peaks below 230 MHz, with the Very Long Baseline Array at 1.55 and 4.96 GHz. We present milliarcsecond resolution images of each source and constrain their morphology, linear size, luminosity, and magnetic field strength. Of the sources that are resolved by our study, the sources that violate SSA appear to be compact doubles, while the sources with peak frequencies below 230 MHz have core-jet features. We find that all of our sources are smaller than expected from SSA by factors of ≳20. We also find that component magnetic field strengths calculated from SSA are likely inaccurate, differing by factors of ≳5 from equipartition estimates. The calculated equipartition magnetic field strengths more closely resemble estimates from previously studied gigahertz-peaked spectrum sources. Exploring a model of the interaction between jets and the interstellar medium, we demonstrate that free-free absorption (FFA) can accurately describe the linear sizes and peak frequencies of our sources. Our findings support the theory that there is a fraction of peaked-spectrum sources whose spectral peaks are best modeled by FFA, implying our understanding of the early stages of radio AGN is incomplete.
Population genetics and molecular phylogeography ofThamnaconus modestus(Tetraodontiformes, Monachanthidae) in Northwestern Pacific inferred from variation of the mtDNA control region
Authors: Yang Tianyan , Wang Zhiyang , Liu Yong , Gao Tianxiang
Published: July 2019

In order to study the genetic diversity ofThamnaconus modestus, a species of great commercial importance in Southeast Asia, the 5′-end hypervariable regions (423 bp) of the mitochondrial control region ofT. modestusin nine geographical populations (248 individuals) were sequenced and analysed in this study. The target sequence fragment contained large numbers of polymorphic sites (87) involved in high levels of haplotype diversity (h = 0.97 ± 0.01) and nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0285 ± 0.0143). The genetic variations within populations (92.71%) were significantly larger than those among populations (7.29%). No significant genetic divergences were detected among the wild populations owing to their gregarious habits, strong moving ability, r-selection strategy. Significant genetic divergences were found between the cultured and wild populations, probably resulting from kin selection and aquacultural environment. Three significant phylogenetic lineages were identified, and the variation among lineages (56.90%) was greater than that among individuals within the lineages (43.10%), with the significant ΦSTvalue (ΦST = 0.57,P = 0.0000). The results showed great and significant genetic differentiations among these three lineages, indicating that they may have independent phylogenetic dynamics. Dominant shared haplotypes that included individuals from each population and the median-joining network of haplotypes presented a star-like structure. Historic demographic analysis of each lineage showed that population expansion occurred after the Pleistocene glacial period. At the last glacial maximum,T. modestusin China seas was scattered across variable refuges, including Central South China Sea and Okinawa Trough.
Appropriate Resistance Intensity and Effective Exercise for Activation of Infraspinatus
Authors: Yu Il-Young , Oh Se-Il , Jung Won-Jeong , Oh Jaeseop
Published: July 2019

We investigated the muscle activities of the infraspinatus and posterior deltoid, as well as the ratio of the infraspinatus to posterior deltoid muscle activities, in response to 3 resistance intensities during prone external rotation (PER) and sitting external rotation (SITER) exercises. Fifteen healthy males participated; the subjects performed two exercises randomly at three resistance intensity levels: 1) low intensity (10–20%); 2) medium intensity (45–55%); 3) high intensity (60–70%). Surface electromyography was used to measure the activities of the infraspinatus and posterior deltoid muscles. The activities of the infraspinatus and posterior deltoid increased significantly as the resistance intensity increased during both PER and SITER exercises (p<0.001). The infraspinatus-to-posterior deltoid activity ratio increased as the resistance intensity decreased. Whereas the muscle activity ratio was highest under low and medium intensity during PER and SITER, respectively, and the muscle activity ratio was significantly increased at medium intensity compared with high intensity during both PER (p=0.023) and SITER (p=0.001). Our results suggest that low to medium intensity is the appropriate resistance intensity for selective activation of the infraspinatus. In addition, our results suggest that PER and SITER are effective for strengthening the infraspinatus.