bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Youtube Dakwah Bil Lisan dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Al-Qur’an dikalangan Anak Usia 5-10 Tahun
Authors: Latifah Farah , Wardi Miftahussa'adah
Published: January 2025

Dakwah Bil Lisan melalui Youtube menjadi sebuah tren dikalangan para pendakwah dalam menyebarkan ajaran Islam kepada banyak orang. Berbagai video ceramah dan pembahasan ilmu agama dapat ditemukan di Youtube, salah satunya pembelajaran tentang Al-Qur’an.
Bagi anak-anak, mempelajari Al-Qur’an bisa menjadi membosankan jika harus terus datang ke TPA dan mendengarkan materi dari sang guru. Hal ini tentu disebabkan karena berbagai faktor. Menonton video pembelajaran Al-Qur’an di Youtube adalah solusi agar anak-anak tetap bisa belajar Al-Qur’an secara online, karena metode dan cara penyampaiannya yang berbeda dan lebih menarik. Akun Youtube milik Ustadzah Nabilah Abdul Rahim Bayan adalah salah satunya.
         Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang konten yang diunggah oleh Ustadzah Nabilah Abdul Rahim Bayan di akun Youtubenya dalam meningkatkan minat belajar Al-Qur’an bagi anak-anak. Untuk mengidentifikasi persoalan tersebut, maka peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Dengan menggunakan teori Representasi Stuart Hall.
            Hasil yang didapatkan adalah bahwa konten dakwah bil lisan yang Ustadzah Nabilah lakukan di media sosial Youtube membantu pemahaman anak-anak usia 5-10 tahun lebih dalam tentang ilmu Al-Qur’an, sehingga mereka terus termotivasi untuk mempelajari Al-Qur’a dimana saja dan kapan saja.
Penguatan Nilai-Nilai Moderasi Beragama Melalui Sosialisasi “Cerdas Bermedia Sosial Dan Kaitannya dengan Kesehatan Mental” di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Huda Desa Sukaringin Kecamatan Sukawangi Kabupaten Bekasi
Authors: Anisaningtyas Galuhpritta , Wardani Gita , Aviyatin Ummi
Published: January 2025

Pengabdian berbasis penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh tingginya intensitas remaja dalam mengakses media sosial. Kemunculan media sosial seperti  Whatsapp, YouTube, Facebook, Facebook Messenger, Line, Interest, Instagram, Twitter, Tiktok, Threads, Snack Video, Telegram,  dan lainnya memberikan berbagai fasilitas kemudahan kepada penggunanya, misalnya dalam berkomunikasi, menyebarkan dan mendapatkan akses informasi.
Bagi masyarakat khususnya kalangan remaja, media sosial sudah menjadi candu yang membuat penggunanya tiada hari tanpa membuka media sosial. Hal ini menyebabkan waktu belajar, makan, mandi, kesehatan serta hubungan sosial terganggu.Padahal dalam masa perkembangannya, di sekolah, remaja berusaha mencari identitasnya dengan bergaul bersama teman sebayanya.
Didasari oleh latar belakang tersebut, maka dalam pengabdian ini kami memberikan sosialisasi penguatan moderasi beragama-cerdas bermedsos di era disrupsi dengan tema “cerdas bermedia sosial dan kaitannya dengan kesehatan mental” kepada siswa-siswi kelas VII, VIII dan IX Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Huda Desa Sukaringin Kecamatan Sukawangi Kabupaten Bekasi Jawa Barat, sehingga diharapkan kedepannya siswa-siswa ini akan menjadi individu-individu yang cerdas dan bertanggung jawab dalam menggunakan media sosial.
Metode yang digunakan adalah metode yang digunakan adalah PAR (Participatory Action Research). Metode ini melibatkan pelaksanaan penelitian dalam pengabdian masysrakat untuk mendefinisikan sebuah masalah maupun menerapkan informasi ke dalam aksi sebagai solusi atas masalah yang telah teridentifikasi. Pengumpulan data dengan metode observasi, wawancara, serta kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas remaja dalam mengakses media sosial tergolong tinggi, dapat dilihat dari frekuensi, durasi, minat, dan motivasi remaja dalam mengakses media sosial.
Hasil dari sosialisasi yang dilakukan adalah adanya penambahan ilmu pengetahuan (knowledge) pada peserta didik terkait dari materi sosialisasi yang disampaikan.
Enhancing Cybersecurity for Digital Twins: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: - Abhishek Singh
Published: January 2025

Digital twins, which are virtual representations of physical systems, have become integral to various industries, offering unprecedented capabilities in real-time monitoring, simulation, and optimization. The rapid advancements in digital twin technology have transformed how industries manage and optimize their physical assets [1]. Digital twins provide a virtual representation of physical systems, enabling real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and enhanced decision-making. However, the widespread adoption of digital twins has introduced new cybersecurity challenges that must be addressed to ensure the integrity and security of these digital counterparts. As digital twin technology becomes more prevalent, it is crucial to proactively address the potential vulnerabilities and security risks associated with these digital representations of physical systems. To fully harness the benefits of digital twins, industries must develop robust cybersecurity strategies to protect against unauthorized access, data breaches, and other malicious attacks that could compromise the integrity of the digital twin and the physical assets they represent.[2]This paper aims to explore the multifaceted cybersecurity risks associated with digital twins, including data integrity and confidentiality issues, expanded attack surfaces, and vulnerabilities in communication protocols. Additionally, it will propose comprehensive solutions and best practices to enhance the cybersecurity of digital twins, encompassing secure data management, access control, and resilient system design. Through a comprehensive review of current cybersecurity solutions, such as zero-trust architectures, blockchain technology, and AI-driven threat detection systems, this paper highlights the effectiveness and limitations of existing approaches. Furthermore, it identifies key challenges in implementing robust cybersecurity measures, such as scalability, integration with existing frameworks, and regulatory compliance.[3]The paper concludes by proposing future research directions to enhance the security of digital twins, emphasizing the need for standardized security protocols, advanced real-time threat detection capabilities, and collaborative efforts among stakeholders. By addressing these challenges, this research aims to contribute to the development of more secure and resilient digital twin environments, ultimately ensuring their safe and effective deployment across various sectors.
Medical Real Estate Development in Sousse City, Towards Medical Urbanism
Authors: - Leila Ayoub , - Sahar Ftini , - Tahar Dhahbi
Published: January 2025

This article focuses on the territorial and spatial effects of the rise of private medical real estate development in Sousse. Its aims to analyze how the latter established a spécific medical urban fabric, architecture, landscapes and aesthetic.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Concrete through the Combined Use of Pozzolonic & Fibrous Materials from Agricultural Waste
Authors: - MRINMAY DAS , - DR BIMAN MUKHERJEE , - SOUVIK SHARMA
Published: January 2025

The mechanical properties of concrete using pozzolanic and fibrous materials through agricultural waste. In this, the focus was on enhancing the performance of concretes made possible by incorporating by-products of agricultural processes into the mix. The key objective was to investigate the use of rice husk ash, coconut shell powder, and other product - waste streams sourced from agricultural activities in getting the best possible concrete benefits, especially regarding strength, durability, and sustainability.
Evaluating the Role of Tourism in Economic Development: Evidence from Andhra Pradesh's Regional Tourism Satellite Accounts
Authors: - Mr Kallu Sai Kiran , - Dr Kota Neela Mani Kanta
Published: January 2025

This research paper evaluates the role of tourism in the economic development of Andhra Pradesh, utilizing data from the Regional Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA) for the year 2015-16. The study aims to quantify the contributions of the tourism sector to the state's Gross Value Added (GVA) and employment, providing a comprehensive analysis of tourism's impact on the local economy. Through a detailed examination of tourism statistics, including the number of visitors, types of tourism, and associated economic metrics, the findings reveal that tourism significantly contributes to both direct and indirect economic activities in Andhra Pradesh. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for policymakers and stakeholders, emphasizing the need for strategic initiatives to enhance tourism's potential as a driver of sustainable economic growth. By identifying key challenges and opportunities within the sector, this research contributes to the broader understanding of tourism's role in regional economic development and offers recommendations for future research and policy formulation.
Challenges to Indian Democracy: Analyzing Through the Lens of Human Security
Authors: - Samir Kumbhar
Published: January 2025

The ideological conflicts that prevailed in the ancient society led to the development of many forms of political institutions and democracy is one such, which can be traced back to antiquity. Since ancient times, democracy has meant rule by the people. However, in modern times, democracy is a mixture of this ancient idea with individual liberty and human rights alongside it. Generally, democracy means rule by the people to ensure that every citizen takes part in the decision-making process either directly or indirectly through elected representatives. India is the largest democracy in the world. In the last more than 7 decades, it has worked successfully well to some extent. But today’s modern India has to face many challenges that need to be tackled to ensure true democracy. These challenges may include social and economic inequalities, poverty and unemployment, human insecurity, Illiteracy and ignorance, casteism, multiculturalism, communalism, population explosion, regionalism, corruption, and terrorism, etc. India needs to develop new proposals to reform democracy. Laws play important role in political reformation and may help to prevent wrong practices and encourage good ones. But mere legal changes alone do not help as the changes in laws may sometimes prove counterproductive and may negatively impact society. Therefore, the best laws empower people to carry out democratic reforms. The Right to Information Act is the best example that serves as a watchdog against the abuse of democratic principles. The challenges to democracy may be tackled by way of movements of activists or by politically conscious citizens. Some of the measures that can be taken to sustain a true parliamentarian democracy in India include: achieving 100% literacy; educating the masses about democratic rights; ensuring better protection of fundamental rights, and ensuring freedom of the press, etc. Moreover, democracy means that political institutions with democratic processes and every Indian citizen are to be democratic, reflecting basic democratic values of equality, liberty, fraternity, secularism, and justice in the social environment and individual behavior. At present democracy is being murdered by its own supporters like citizens and representatives simultaneously. The purpose of this article is to attempt an analysis of the problems and obstacles that the Indian democracy now faces, which has, of course, led to human insecurity as a whole, and to offer the required changes in order to guarantee that democracy in India can survive in the long term.
Influence of Screen Time on the sleep quality : A cross- sectional study on a Ayurveda college students
Authors: - Udutha Vikrant Shreehari , - Anagha Gulhane , - Rohini Purohit , - Sushee Shetty
Published: January 2025

Background: The majority of students experience inadequate sleep, which is linked to daytime drowsiness. Long-term screen use is thought to negatively impact sleep through a variety of mechanisms. However, media devices are developing so quickly, the correlation between media device use and poor sleep is not been sufficiently evaluated.
Aim: To assess the effect of the screen time on the sleep quality among college students
Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on the students of Alva’s Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital, Moodubidire using a self-administered online questionnaire through Google forms. The questionnaire covered student’s personal information, medical history, screen usage including the type of device, duration of screen use, effect of screen use on their sleep quality.
Result: A total of 60 students fulfilling the inclusion criteria completed the study questionnaire. Students aged from 19-30 with the mean age of 24.19. Among those, 12 students (20 %) used screen for more than 5 hours on daily basis, 10 students (16.66 %) used screen for 4-5 hrs, 19 students (31.66 %) used screen for 3-4 hours, 17 students (28.33 %) used screen for 2-3 hrs, 2 students (3.33 %) used screen for less than 2 hours.
Misinformation: Analysing the Role of Fact-Checking in Countering Communal and Political Narratives During the 2024 Lok Sabha Elections in India
Authors: - Anam Mobin , - Prof. Mohammad Shahid
Published: January 2025

The surge of misinformation and disinformation during elections poses a significant risk to democratic processes globally, especially in India. This study analyses the efficacy of fact-checking programs and the public's opinion of these efforts within the framework of Indian elections. The study used a mixed-methods methodology to analyse data from notable fact-checking platform, like Alt news concentrating on the six months prior to the 2024 Lok Sabha elections. The study categorizes these events into communal and non-communal narratives, demonstrating how misinformation exacerbates societal divisions, shapes voter perceptions, and undermines political and economic stability. The paper advocates for cooperative efforts among governments, social media platforms, and the public to combat misinformation, improve media literacy, and protect democratic principles.
The Application of AI for Solving a Critical Challenges within LCAS
Authors: - Zaid Thanawala
Published: January 2025

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Optimizing Data Storage & Retreival in Microsoft Azure for Scalable Application
Authors: - Upesh Kumar Rapolu
Published: January 2025

Optimizing data management and retrieval is critical for scalable applications in today’s rapidly growing digital ecosystem. Microsoft Azure, through its robust storage solutions, particularly Azure Blob Storage, supports efficient data operations for cloud-based applications. This paper explores strategies for optimizing Azure Blob Storage, focusing on designing scalable architectures, analyzing workloads, and implementing containerization. Additionally, it examines tiered storage options—Hot, Cool, and Archive tiers—and lifecycle management policies to balance cost and performance. By leveraging Azure's capabilities, organizations can achieve enhanced scalability, efficient data retrieval, and cost-effective storage, providing a reliable foundation for modern applications.
¿Cómo afecta el etanol al comportamiento de diferentes especies de gusanos nematodos?
Authors: Astudillo González Paola Carolina
Published: January 2025

This study examined the impact of ethanol on nematode species from the Caenorhabditis genus, commonly found in ethanol-rich environments. Adult nematodes from different species were exposed to various ethanol concentrations, assessing their speed, body curvature, and egg production. Results showed that at higher ethanol concentrations, speed responses were similar across species. However, C. sp27 displayed lower speed at 100 mM but higher speed at greater concentrations. Regarding body curvature, C. angaria and C. sp27 maintained greater flexibility than C. elegans in the presence of ethanol. Egg production was significantly reduced in C. angaria at low ethanol concentrations, while C. elegans showed decreased egg-laying at 100 mM but increased production at 200 and 400 mM. This study highlights the variable responses of Caenorhabditis species to ethanol and suggests further research on its effects on development and the expression of the slo-1 gene. These findings contribute to understanding diverse responses to environmental stressors.
Keywords: C. elegans, Caenorhabditis, Etanol, Nematodes, Environmental stressors
ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATION OF C60(OH)10
Authors: Janjua S. A. , Robinson A.
Published: January 2025

The polyhydroxylated fullerene derivative, or fullerol, C60(OH)10, has been investigated as an electron beam resist. Films of fullerol of âˆ¼ 200 nm thickness, were prepared on silicon substrates using spin coating. Upon exposure with electrons at 20 keV the fullerol displayed negative tone resist behaviour after development with isopropyl alcohol:cyclohexanone (1 : 4). The fullerol became insoluble after exposure to a dose of âˆ¼ 10 mC/cm2 for 20 keV electrons.
STUDY OF NEAR INFRARED ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY OF SELECTED PAIRS OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS FOR QUALITY CONTROL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Usman M. , Hyder M. J. , Janjua S. A. , Aleem M. A.
Published: January 2025

Organic solvents of various combinations & ratios, such as ethanol/commercial petrol; benzene/ethanol; toluene/commercial petrol and toluene/benzene were studied by near infrared (NIR) absorption spectroscopy. NIR spectrometer of 850â€“1700 nm produced distinctly separable spectral ranges for all the combinations; 1400 to 1650 nm for ethanol/commercial petrol; 1125 to 1150 nm for benzene/ethanol; 1130 to 1150 nm for toluene/commercial petrol and 1175 to 1210 nm for toluene/benzene. The calibration curves were drawn for the given pair concentrations. From the linear fitting parameters it is evident that each pair has different slope, which establishes reliability of the technique. The results revealed that each solvent in the mixture gives a clear trend of spectral region. This may be used for the analysis of mixtures of organic solvents. The technique may be utilized for the quality assurance.
CHARACTERIZING THE MODELING STRATEGIES OF SOLAR FLARE DURATION FOR PAKISTAN ATMOSPHERIC REGION
Authors: Jilani S. A. , K. Yousaf Zai M. A.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the significance of solar flare according to their duration. The characterization in the variability of flares has been developed using modeling techniques. It is desirable to develop such models which predict at least a day or so ahead, when solar flare influence on terrestrial system may be expected. For that purpose, future aspects of these flares are investigated by stochastic analysis. After doing residual analysis a proper ARIMA model is developed to forecast the Solar Flare Duration (SFD). These investigations are the part of work connecting solar flare activity with ozone layer depletion which is one of the solar-terrestrial relationships.
FORECAST MODELS FOR URBAN EXTREME TEMPERATURES : KARACHI REGION AS A CASE STUDY
Authors: Hussain M. A. , Abbas S. , K. Ansari M. R.
Published: January 2025

The climatic signature of global warming is both local and global. The forcing by increasing greenhouse gases is global, so there is clearly a global component to the climatic signature. Moreover, the damaging impacts of global warming are manifesting themselves around the world in the form of extreme weather events like storms, tornadoes, floods and droughts, all of which have been escalating in frequency and intensity. Furthermore, it is a well-known fact that there is high degree of uncertainty surrounding projections of basic climate variables, such as temperature and precipitation. However, numerous authors have explored many of these effects individually and have begun exploring the interactions between climate change-induced impacts in different sectors of urban activities. Therefore, it is safe to say that an attempt to conduct a definitive, comprehensive analysis of all the potential impacts of climate change on the urban structure is premature at present. This communication attempts to examine the trends in maximum monthly urban temperature fluctuations. Analysis reveals increasing trends in urban temperature fluctuations showing effect of Karachi industrializations. Forecast models also suggest future scenario with respect to occurrence of extreme temperature. The analysis carried out in this work would be useful for urban planners for sustainable future development, economists and environmentalists etc.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF NUCLEAR DESALINATION PLANT AT KANUPP
Authors: Saleem M.
Published: January 2025

A Nuclear Desalination Demonstration Plant (NDDP) of 1600 m3 /d capacity is being installed at Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP). A Nuclear Desalination Plant (NDP) can impact the aquatic environment mainly by subjecting the aquatic life to possible temperature increase and salinity changes in the vicinity of the cooling water and brine discharges. Any wastewater effluent, which will be discharged from the NDDP, may have some adverse effects on the marine life and general environment. In order to protect the environment and comply with the requirement of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA) an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the discharged effluent from NDDP was carried out. In the present work baseline study was carried out for project location, climate, water resources, and ecology. Checklist has been prepared for identification of possible environmental impacts of the project and marked as insignificant, small, moderate or major impact. Appropriate mitigation measures have been recommended that can be incorporated into the intended program to minimize environmental impacts identified during the assessment. Specific conclusions of the study and recommendations have also been provided in this paper.
MASS REARING OF SITOTROGA CEREALELLA (OLIVIER) (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE) IN NEWLY DESIGNED CHAMBERS
Authors: Hamed M. , Nadeem S.
Published: January 2025

Mass rearing of Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) a factitious host of Trichogramma chilonis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) commonly used in the laboratory was compared with small scale rearing in glass jars. In mass rearing of host, S. cerealella eggs measuring 0.4, 2.5, 3.3, 4.1 and 5.0 g after seeding on 3, 4, 5 and 6 kg of wheat grains on three trays inside each tin chamber gave 43.7, 52.4, 59.6 and 77.9 g of eggs, enough to prepare 991, 1179, 1326 and 1756 number of Trichogramma cards, respectively as compared to small scale rearing by the use of glass jars, where 3.7 g of eggs were obtained to produce 84.4 cards of Trichogramma. Mass rearing in tin chambers, where 6 kg grains were used, gave 21% more eggs production than glass jars to get enhanced production of the reared insects.
COMPATIBILITY OF PYRETHROID AND DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF NEEM SEED EXTRACT ON PARASITOID TRICHOGRAMMA CHILONIS (ISHII) (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Khan M. H. , Sarwar M. , Farid A. , Syed F.
Published: January 2025

The parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is an important egg parasitoid, reported to reduce the lepidopteron pest populations considerably and often released agumentatively in integrated pest management (IPM) programs of crops and vegetables. Studies on the effect of pyrethroid (ripcard 0.5%) and different concentrations of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extract on T. chilonis were conducted. Among different concentrations of neem seed extract (4, 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.25%), the highest mortality (68.29%) of Trichogramma was recorded with 4% neem seed extract and lowest (35.83%) with 0.25% neem seed extract. Overall, the highest mortality (97.52%) of Trichogramma was recorded with ripcard. Emergence time was non significantly different in all treatments of neem seed extract but was significantly different from ripcard where the emergence time was 9.75 days. Longevity and sex ratio was also non significantly different in all treatments of neem seed extract. It can be concluded that neem seed extract upto 4% concentration can be included in IPM to protect T. chilonis as biological control agent.
HEPATITIS C IN RURAL AREAS OF ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
Authors: Saleem K. , Qureshi T. Z.
Published: January 2025

Hepatitis is recognized as significant public health problem worldwide. There are one hundred and seventy five million Hepatitis C virus carriers around the world. Global prevalence ranges from 0.1 to 5 % with an average of 3 %. There are very few studies done at national and international levels to find the prevalence of HCV in our population. It is a Picorna virus that may invade the body usually through, intra venous devices and contaminated instruments. It may remain silent for years or cause acute hepatitis to chronic liver disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma is well known complication. Most of the epidemiological studies have so far been carried out on the population with high socioeconomic status attending tertiary care hospitals in the cities that have good sterilization techniques. Whereas rural dispensaries are the drainage zones for HCV due to unqualified and untrained technical staff and lack of sterilization procedures. We, therefore, selected some villages (Chirah, Tumair, Thanda pani and Alipur) around Islamabad to assess the prevalence of HCV and tried to compare different epidemiological factors with urban areas in this randomized cross-sectional study conducted from May to August 2009. Two hundred asymptomatic volunteers were randomly selected from patients attending local dispensaries in this study zone. The subjects were given a detailed questionnaire to study and fill accordingly. Details of study were explained to them. Patients included in the study were between 20-50 years of age, having gastrointestinal symptoms. Excluded subjects were pregnant women, patients on ant-viral therapy and known cases of HCV. 5 cc blood samples were taken and transported in ice containers to PINSTECH Complex Hospital laboratory within two hours for chromatographic analysis. We observed that 16.5% of the individuals were infected with HCV. Invasive procedures like D&C by dais and ear piercing were the major transmitting factors in females, whereas I/V devices, dental treatments and barber cutting in males was the dominant risk factors. The use of non disposable glass syringes for injection was also an important mode of transmission.
NANOCOMPOSITE SURFACES â€“ A REVIEW
Authors: Khan T. I.
Published: January 2025

The development of nanocomposite surfaces offers significant improvements in mechanical properties over conventional microstructured surfaces. However, to develop nanostructured surfaces for abrasive wear resistant applications still remains a challenge. This paper gives an overview of some of the more successful spraying techniques such as High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) spraying that have been used to deposit thick nanostructured WCCo based coatings. The retention of the nanostructure developed in the feedstock powders through control of spraying parameters has some limited success in preventing decarburization of the WC nano-sized dispersion in the Co matrix. The use of a novel duplex Co-coated powder has the effect of eliminating decarburization and this is reflected in a noticeable increase in mechanical and wear resistant properties of the final coating. Cold gas dynamic spraying techniques have also been used to control the final composition and grain structure of WC-Co based coatings and the corresponding properties changes are compared and discussed.
ION-INDUCED SECONDARY ELECTRON EMISSION FROM 58Ni AND 60Ni: EVIDENCE OF SECONDARY ELECTRONS GENERATED BY THE RECOILING TARGET ATOMS
Authors: Ullah Shakir , Dogar A. H. , Qayyum A.
Published: January 2025

We have measured the secondary electron yield of clean 58Ni and 60Ni bombarded with 2-10 keV Ar + ions. It was found that secondary electron yield of 58Ni is consistently high as compared to the 60Ni. This result is not in line with the most theoretical model of kinetic electron emission, which predict strict proportionality between secondary electron yield and electronic stopping power. We have demonstrated that the measured secondary electron yield is also related to the nuclear stopping power. We thus conclude that higher secondary electron yield of 58Ni is due to the larger contribution of the recoiling target atoms to the secondary electron yield.
TRANSIENT NON-THERMAL MOBILITY OF CO FOR CO-NO CATALYTIC REACTION ON HEXAGONAL LATTICE: A COMPUTER SIMULATION STUDY
Authors: Qaisrani A. U. , Khalid M. , Chohan Q. N.
Published: January 2025

Monte Carlo simulation has been used to study the effect of precursor mechanism along with diffusion of N on a hexagonal lattice for CO-NO heterogeneous catalytic reaction. The reactive window gets enhanced due to the precursor mechanism. It has been also found that the diffusion of N slightly shifts the first order transition (y2) toward higher concentration of CO and therefore by including the diffusion of N the reactive window gets wider. It is observed that whenever precursor mechanism is introduced, the production of CO2 and N2 starts as soon as the CO partial pressure (yCO) departs from zero. The reactive window and production rate increases by increasing the range of precursor mobility.
STUDY OF RELATIVISTIC ENERGY 207Pb PROJECTILE FRAGMENTATION ON HEAVY TARGETS
Authors: Sher G. , Shahzad M. I. , Manzoor S. , Rana M. A. , Yasin Z.
Published: January 2025

Fragmentation of 158 A GeV 207Pb projectiles is studied on Bi, Pb, Cu and Al targets using CR-39 nuclear track detectors. Stacks containing detectors and targets were exposed at SPS beam facility of CERN. After chemically etching, detectors were scanned with an optical microscope. Lengths of etched cones produced as a result of beam ions and the fragments in the detectors have been measured. The charge resolution (ÏƒZ) achieved by this technique in the charge region 63 < Z < 82 is ~ 0.3e â€“ 0.2e. The total charge-changing cross sections have been determined using the statistics of etched cone heights corresponding to the projectile ions and their nuclear fragments. Measured total charge-changing cross sections are compared to the corresponding calculations with semi-empirical models and predictions of the FLUKA code. The dependence of total cross sections on the projectile and target mass is also described.
COMPARISON OF AUTOREGRESSIVE (AR) STRATEGY WITH THAT OF REGRESSION APPROACH FOR DETERMINING OZONE LAYER DEPLETION AS A PHYSICAL PROCESS
Authors: K. Yousaf Zai M. A. , Ansari R. K. , Qaumar J. , Iqbal J. , Hussain M. A.
Published: January 2025

This communication presents the development of a comprehensive characterization of ozone layer depletion (OLD) phenomenon as a physical process in the form of mathematical models that comprise the usual regression, multiple or polynomial regression and stochastic strategy. The relevance of these models has been illuminated using predicted values of different parameters under a changing environment. The information obtained from such analysis can be employed to alter the possible factors and variables to achieve optimum performance. This kind of analysis initiates a study towards formulating the phenomenon of OLD as a physical process with special reference to the stratospheric region of Pakistan. The data presented here establishes that the Auto regressive (AR) nature of modeling OLD as a physical process is an appropriate scenario rather than using usual regression. The data reported in literature suggest quantitatively the OLD is occurring in our region. For this purpose we have modeled this phenomenon using the data recorded at the Geophysical Centre Quetta during the period 1960-1999. The predictions made by this analysis are useful for public, private and other relevant organizations.
PREDICTING THE VARIABILITY IN THE WAVELENGTH STRUCTURES OF THE INCOMING RADIATION DUE TO OZONE LAYER DEPLETION AT ARABIAN SEA
Authors: K. Yousaf Zai M. A. , Quamar J. , Iqbal J. , K. Ansari M. R. , Hussain M. A.
Published: January 2025

In this communication we have investigated the variability in the wavelength structures of the radiation due to ozone layer depletion (OLD) using empirical modeling approach. A model has been developed for evaluating sea surface temperature using stratospheric ozone filter. This filter has been formulated taking into account of the ozone layer depletion (OLD) strategy for Pakistan atmospheric regions. For making predictions of various wavelength, stochastic analysis is implemented here for observing future prospects of the coming radiation. These predictions are useful for public, private and government organizations.
NITRITE REMOVAL FROM MARINE AQUACULTURE WASTEWATER USING ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS
Authors: Saleem M.
Published: January 2025

The hazardous and toxic nature of some of the constituent such as nitrite in the aquaculture wastewater is of major concern. Present study focuses the removal of nitrite from the aquaculture wastewater prior to disposal. Effect of certain operational parameters such as electrode material, current density, initial pH, and electrode spacing on nitrite removal from aquaculture wastewater was elucidated. Better nitrite removal efficiency achieved when nickel used as compared to stainless steel, graphite and aluminum electrodes. Nitrite removal is positively related to the current density however, increase is up to 31.4% when current density increased from 2.5 to 9.3 mA/cm2 . Further increase in current density does not improve the process efficiency. Removal efficiency of electrochemical process decreased with the increase in initial pH of test solution. However, with the passage of time this difference is diminishing. This may be attributed to the presence of higher amount of hypochloric acid which does not dissociate at lower pH values. Subsequently faster oxidation of nitrite achieved during first few minutes of test runs. Amount of available hypochloric acid reduced at high pH values and oxidation of nitrite reduced subsequently. Rate of nitrite removal found to be increased as the inter-electrode spacing decreased up to an optimal spacing of 3 cm which showed highest nitrite removal. Further reduction in spacing does not augment the removal efficiency probably due to the formation of scale on cathode surface and passivation of electrode which suppressed further oxidation process.
PARTICLE SIZE EFFECT ON MAGNETIC AND TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Qaseem S. , Mumtaz A. , Hasanain S. K. , Maaz K.
Published: January 2025

La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 nanoparticles have been synthesized by modified citrate route with particle sizes of 20, 26 and 32 +3 nm respectively. The structural characterization has been performed by XRD and TEM analyses while magnetic characterization has been performed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). This work presents the study of size effects on magnetic and electrical properties of Ca-doped CMR nanoparticles (La0.7Ca0.3MnO3). Different particle sizes have been prepared by a wet chemical route. Magnetic characterization reveals that magnetization increases with the increase in the particle size and the magnetic transition temperature for larger particles is the same as in the bulk (258K). The ferromagnetic and resistive transitions are however broad compared to the case of bulk presumably due to the role of the surface. The metal-insulator transition temperature is found to be at 158K while the resistivity shows anomalous low temperature behavior with an upturn at low temperatures presu due to coulomb blockade effects. Furthermore, the field dependence of the resistivity displays nonmonotonic behavior and is explained in terms of the field assisted tunneling between grains. PACS: 73.23 Hk; 73.63 â€“b; 75.47 â€“m; 75.47 Gk. 75.75 +a
DISINFECTION OF MUNICIPAL WATER USING SOLAR RADIATION: AN ECONOMICAL APPROACH FOR RURAL DWELLERS IN THE COASTAL REGION OF KARACHI
Authors: Ahmed M. F. , Saleem M.
Published: January 2025

At present acquiring safe drinking water in rural or remote areas of Pakistan is a challenging task for dwellers. Coast line of Karachi is a sporadic habitat of villages not having access to safe drinking water. Many incidents of waterborne diseases have been reported in that area and attributed to contaminated municipal water supply. Solution of the problem is disinfection however, general methods of water disinfection such as boiling, UV-lamp, ozonation and chemical additive are costly or require skilled manpower. Present study investigates the solar disinfection method to treat municipal water supply at Karachi Institute of Power Engineering (KINPOE) located at the costal belt of Karachi. Effect of exposure time, bottle material and turbidity of water on the process performance was evaluated. Model indicator bacteria total coliform (TC) was used to evaluate the solar disinfection process. Study revealed that in order to disinfect the municipal water, samples should be filled in PET transparent bottles, having turbidity below 23 NTU, and expose to solar radiation in the study area at least for one hour. Study shows that solar disinfection may provide safe drinking water meeting national and international water quality standards at minimum cost and effort in sunshine rich areas and not having access to other water purification systems.
BACTERIOLOGICAL (FECAL AND TOTAL COLIFORM) QUALITY OF PAKISTANI COASTAL WATER
Authors: Mashiatullah A. , Javed T. , Khan M. S. , Chaudhary M. Z. , Qureshi R. M. , Khalid F.
Published: January 2025

The coliform bacteria group consists of several genera of bacteria belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae. These are harmless bacteria, mostly live in soil, water, and digestive system of animals. Fecal coliform bacteria, which belongs to this group, are present in large numbers in feces and intestinal tract of human beings and other warmblooded animals which can enter into water bodies from human and animal waste. Swimming in water having high levels of Fecal coliform bacteria increases the chance of developing illness (fever, nausea or stomach cramps) from pathogens entering the body through mouth, nose, ears or cuts in the skin. The objective of the present study was to characterize the bathing quality of Pakistani coastal water with respect to coliform bacteria. Total and Fecal coliform bacteria were determined at seven (7) different locations along Pakistan coast using membrane filtration (MF) technique. 100 ml of water was passed through 0.45 micron (Âµ) filter paper. These filter papers were put on pads, soaked in Lauryle sulphate broth in petri-dishes and incubated at 44o C for Fecal and 37o C for Total coliform for 24 hours. Significantly high population of Fecal and Total coliform bacteria was recorded at Karachi harbour area and Indus delta region. Results indicate that a large amount of domestically originated waste is being discharged into these locations without any pre-treatment (e.g., screening, activated sludge, by using filtration beds etc.) resulting in a poor seawater quality making it unfit for bathing.
DETERMINATION OF AEROSOL MEAN RESIDENCE TIME USING 210Pb AND 7 Be RADIONUCLIDES IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF ISLAMABAD
Authors: Ali N. , Khan E. U. , Khan F. , Akhtar P. , Waheed A.
Published: January 2025

The concentrations of 210Pb, 214Pb and 7 Be radionuclides (having radioactive half lives of 22.3 years, 27 min. and 53.29 days, respectively) in 184 surface level air samples of Islamabad (33.38Â° N, 73.10Â° E) were measured using the technique of non-destructive gamma-spectrometry on high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The mean concentrations of 210Pb, 214Pb and 7 Be in the samples were found to be 0.284 Â± 0.012 mBq m-3, 631.06 Â± 155.47 mBq m-3 and 3.171 Â± 0.084 mBq m-3, respectively. The aerodynamic size distribution of 7 Be in the atmospheric aerosols was also determined, using Anderson 1-ACFM cascade impactors, which resulted in the mean diameter of 7 Be-laden aerosols as 0.79 Â± 0.12 Âµm. The mean residence times (MRT) for 210Pb and 7 Be-laden aerosols, thus obtained, were 5.29 Â± 0.91 days and 7.18 Â± 0.97 days respectively.
COLIFORM BACTERIAL POLLUTION IN RAWAL LAKE, ISLAMABAD AND ITS FEEDING STREAMS / RIVER
Authors: Mashiatullah A. , Chaudhary M. Z. , Khan M. S. , Javed T. , Qureshi R. M.
Published: January 2025

Total coliform and fecal coliform are indicators of drinking water quality. The presence of fecal coliform in water indicates contamination with fecal materials of man and other animals. This paper documents the population of total coliform colonies as well as fecal coliform contamination in Rawal lake, which is one of major source of drinking water supply to inhabitants of Rawalpindi, and its feeding streams (mainly Kurang River and three perennial streams) flowing in the administrative jurisdiction of the capital city, Islamabad, Pakistan. Coliform bacteria in Rawal lake and feeding streams water was determined by membrane filtration technique. The results indicated that E. Coli population in four streams (input waters) feeding the Rawal Lake ranged from 25 - 57 (mean 36) fecal coliform per 100 mL. The Kurang River, one of the feeding streams, hosted the largest population of fecal coliform (57 fecal coliform per 100 mL). The highest population of fecal coliform (105 fecal coliform per 100 mL) in Rawal Lake surface water was observed at the confluence of Kurang River and the Lake in the vicinity of village â€œNew Amplerâ€. While in the Rawal Lake water columns, it ranged from 12 - 65 (mean 25) fecal coliform/ 100mL. The measured levels of fecal coliform bacteria are much higher than the maximum permissible levels for drinking water as recommended by WHO and US-EPA (No fecal coliform in drinking water). It is concluded that the indiscriminate amount of pollution from domestic sewage and poultry industry has seriously affected the biological quality of stream waters and the Rawal Lake waters.
US CONTINENTAL NUCLEAR TESTS CONDUCTED DURING 1961â€“1992 : STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Wasim M. , Arif M. , Zaidi J. H.
Published: January 2025

The paper presents statistical analysis of the data obtained from US continental nuclear tests conducted during 1961 - 1992. The analysis summarizes the types of tests, their yield, radioactivity released and the radionuclides emitted during the tests. The application of principal component analysis shows that some radionuclides are emitted in correlation with other radionuclides, which need not originate from the same decay chain. The overall analysis puts emphasis on the detection of radioiodines and radioxenons both for event screening and for event backtracking.
STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS OF GAMMA-RAY BACKGROUND SPECTRA FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE PURPOSES
Authors: Wasim M. , Arif M.
Published: January 2025

Twenty five gamma-ray spectra were accumulated in the gamma-ray spectrometry laboratory located at the Chemistry Division, PINSTECH, Islamabad over a period of three years. Different background components along with their variation with time have been discussed in this paper. It was found that natural component of the background radiations can be reduced with a better design of shielding around the detector. However, the component from the fission products cannot be reduced by increased shielding but with a better shielding material containing less or no fission products.
ON DOMINATION NUMBER OF CARTESIAN PRODUCT OF EVEN CYCLES
Authors: Jumani A. D.
Published: January 2025

Let Î³(G) denote the domination number of the graph G and let Î³(GH) denote the domination number of the Cartesian product of the graphs and . Here in this note; let denote the cycle with three vertices and similarly, let denote the cycle with n vertices. The domination number of the Cartesian product of two even cycles and is characterized here, wherem< , with such that G H C3 Cn Cm Cn n m â‰¥ 4 m n mn Î³(C C )= 4 if and only if 2 divides mn 4 , that is, iff mn 2 | 4
DIETARY EXPOSURE TO ESSENTIAL AND TOXIC ELEMENTS FROM FRESH, PASTEURISED AND POWDER MILK SAMPLES FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: Fatima I. , Wasim W. , Rehman S.
Published: January 2025

This study assesses the intake adequacy of elements determined in fresh, ultra high temperature treated and powder milk samples. The samples were analysed by semi-absolute k0 instrumental neutron activation analysis, epithermal neutron activation analysis and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry with proper method validation. Fourteen elements (Br, Ca, Cl, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb, Sn, Sr and Zn) were quantified in all samples. All essential elements were assessed for their daily intake by comparing with the dietary reference intakes. The daily intake of Pb, identified in only two samples, was compared with the provisional tolerable weekly intake defined by FAO/WHO. The Sr/Ca ratio was calculated for the assessment of radioactive dose. Additionally, the data was explored by cluster analysis and correlation coefficient to extract relationships between samples and elements respectively
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATION
Authors: Nazeer M. , Ali H.
Published: January 2025

Accurate and reliable potential evapotranspiration estimation depends on the method through which it is estimated. The aim of this research study is to compare and evaluate different potential evapotrasnpiration estimation methods against the standard FAO Penman -Monteith equation (FPM). The methods evaluated included simple Penman -Monteith equation (SPM), Hergreavesâ€™s method (HM), Priestly Taylor method (PTM) and Makkink method (MM). Mean monthly data of all the climatic variables including maximum and minimum air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation and rainfall was recorded during 2010 from weather station installed inside the Agriculture Research Institute (ARI) Tarnab, Peshawar, Pakistan. Results revealed that all methods underestimated potential evapotranspiration value except the HM. A t and paired t-test was applied on overall means of the all methods and individually monthly means against FPM. There was no overall significant difference for all methods when compared against FPM annually. Significant differences were observed for all methods when subjected to paired t-test for individual monthly mean subjected against FPM. The SPM is considered best after FPM (R2 =0.99), but it also need high numbers of climatic parameters. While the HM which worked on only temperature variable and PT on solar radiation showed high correlation (R2 =0.98) with FPM. HM and PT are simpler and rely only on temperature and radiation data, can be used as an alternative to FPM if some of climatic data are missing or unreliable.
THE EFFECT OF ELEY RIDEAL MECHANISM ON CO-NO CATALYTIC SURFACE REACTION FOR A HEXAGONAL LATTICE: A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION STUDY
Authors: Qaisrani A. U. , Khalid M. , Naz Samina , Ullah M. G.
Published: January 2025

A Monte Carlo simulation for CO-NO heterogeneous catalytic reaction over a square lattice as well as hexagonal lattice has already been performed with a model based on the Langmuir- Hinshelwood mechanism. Similarly this reaction on square lattice has also been studied by Eley-Rideal mechanism. Here Monte Carlo simulation has been used to study the effect of Eley-Rideal mechanism on a hexagonal lattice for CO-NO reaction. The reactive window gets enhanced due to this mechanism. It is observed that whenever ER mechanism is introduced, the production of CO2 and N2 starts as soon as the CO partial pressure (yCO) departs from zero, which verifies the experimental observation. Moreover, the maximum production rate increases with the increase of ER probability.
ON CARTESIAN PRODUCT OF CYCLES AND PATHS
Authors: Jumani A. D.
Published: January 2025

Let G,H denote the Cartesian product of the graphs G and H and let Î³(G,H) denote the domination number of the Cartesian product of the two simple graphs G and . In this note, the domination number of the Cartesian product , and is determined; that is H C3 n ,P C4,Pn C5,Pn 3 n Î³(C ,P ) = n , 4 n Î³(C ,P ) = n where n â‰¥ 1 and 5 n 5n 1 (C P ) 3 âŽ¢ âŽ¥ âˆ’ Î³ = âŽ¢ âŽ¥ âŽ£ âŽ¦ , where n 4 â‰¥ .