bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bio-efficacy of phytoextracts and oil cakes on Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) causing stem rot disease of jute, Corchorus spp.
Authors: Meena P. N. , Tripathi A. N. , Gotyal B. S. , Satpathy S.
Published: April 2018

In the present study efforts were made to explore the efficacy of various plant extracts and oil cakes against Macrophomina phaseolina. The efficacy of eight different plant species, Zingiber officianale, Aloe indica, Lawsonia inermis, Chenopodium album, Allium cepa, Piper betel, Murraya koenigii, Parthenium hysterophorus aqueous extracts including oil cakes of mustard and neem were evaluated by using of poisoned food technique in vitro for their inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of M. phaseolina causing stem rot of jute (Corchorus olitorius and C. capsularis). The rhizome extract of Z. officinale produced maximum growth inhibition (74.59%) of the pathogen followed by leaf extracts of A. indica (63.57%), and leaf extract of L. inermis (60.17%) at the concentration of 10%. The maximum mycelial growth inhibition (52.40%) was recorded with neem cake (Azadirachta indica) at the concentrations of 20% followed by 42.61% and 29.60% with concentration of 15% and 10%, respectively. However, maximum mycelial growth inhibition (19.42%) was recorded with mustard cake (Brassica juncea) at the concentration of 20% followed by 16.64% and 12.20% at the concentration of 15% and 10% respectively. In general mycelial growth inhibition was dose dependent and it was maximum in case of neem cake than mustard cake. The present study revealed that, these plant extracts and oilcake extracts could be exploited for the possible control of deadly pathogen M. phaseolina. Accordingly, this is an important proactive measure in preventing the spread of the stem rot disease through a more ecofriendly approach.
Eco-friendly management of major diseases in jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)
Authors: Meena P. N. , Roy A. , Gotyal B. S. , Mitra S. , Satpathy S.
Published: April 2018

Field experiment was conducted for disease management with seven eco-friendly treatments in Corchorus olitorius jute during 2012-2013 under randomized block design (RBD) in three replications with variety JRO-524. The ecofriendly treatment 50% N: P: K + seed treatments with Azotobacter and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) @ 5g/Kg+ Trichoderma viride (seed treatment @ 5g/Kg of seed and soil application @ 2Kg/ha at 21DAS) + Psuedomonas fluorescens spray @ 0.2% at 45DAS was found superior with minimum per cent disease incidence (3.46 and 1.43%) as compared to control (13.17 and 4.96%). The second best treatment was found with Farm yard manure (FYM) @ 5t/ha + seed treatment with Azotobecter and PSB @ 5g/Kg+ T. viride (seed treatment @ 5g/Kg of seed and soil application @ 2Kg/ha 21DAS)+ P. fluorescencs spray @ 0.2% at 45DAS and showed 3.61 and 2.0% disease incidence. The treatment with N: P: K @ 60:30:30 and seed treatment with carbendazim 50WP @ 2g/Kg at 45DAS showed 4.56 and 2.10 % disease incidence. Dry fibre yield was highest (30.33q/ha) in the plots treated with FYM @ 5t/ha + seed treatment with Azotobacter and PSB @ 5g/Kg+ T. viride (seed treatment @ 5g/Kg of seed and soil application @ 2Kg/ha at 21DAS) + P. fluorescencs spray @ 0.2% at 45DAS) and it was lowest in untreated control (15.69 q/ha).Variation in yield was attributed due to difference in plant height.
Impact of post biomethanated spentwash on soil properties, nutrient uptake and yield of soybean – wheat cropping sequence
Authors: Kamble B. M. , Deshpande A. N.
Published: April 2018

A field experiment was conducted on Sawargaon series of isohyperthermic family of Vertic haplustepts to study the effect of application of primary treated biomethanated spentwash (PBSW) through irrigation on soil properties, nutrient uptake and yield of soybean – wheat cropping sequence. The bulk density and hydraulic conductivity of soil were improved in 100% recommended dose (RD) of N through PBSW with and without P chemical fertilizer at soil depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm. The lowest soil pH, calcium carbonate and highest electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available K, exchangeable sodium (Na), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), cation exchange capacity (CEC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and pooled bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes populations in surface (0-15 cm) soil depth were observed in 100% RD of N through PBSW + with and without P chemical fertilizer at all three soil depths (0-15, 15-30 and 30-60 cm) over the other treatments. The highest pooled available soil P was recorded in 50% RD of N through PBSW application through irrigation and remaining N and P through chemical fertilizers in all three soil depths. The significantly highest total NPK uptake by cropping sequence and highest mean Benefit : Cost (B:C) ratio of soybean and wheat was recorded in 25 % RD of N through PBSW + remaining N and P through chemical fertilizers over the rest of the treatments. The 25 % N-recommended dose of soybean and wheat crop can be replaced by application of PBSW through irrigation in sequence without disturbing soils by salt load.
Salinity induced physiological and biochemical changes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes
Authors: Kaur Pavneetpal , Kaur Jagmeet , Kaur Satvir , Singh Sarvjeet , Singh Inderjit
Published: April 2018

Plant growth and development are adversely affected by salinity- a major environmental stress that limits agricultural production. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is sensitive to salinity that affects its yield and there is need to identify the tolerant genotypes. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity on chickpea genotypes with specific physiological and biochemical attributes contributing to their adaptability to salinity stress. Seven chickpea genotypes both desi (ICC8950, ICCV10, ICC15868, GL26054) and kabuli (BG1053, L550, L552) were evaluated for salinity tolerance. Maximum decrease in relative leaf water content and chlorophyll content was observed with ICC15868 and GL26054 among the desi and L552 from the kabuli genotypes. The photosynthetic pigments, activity of nitrate reductase and relative leaf water content was also reduced in response to salt application with effect being more pronounced in ICC15868, GL26054 and L552 as compared to ICC8950, ICCV10, BG1053 and L550. Lipid peroxidation increases with the increase in NaCl concentration, maximum increment was observed in genotypes ICC15868, GL26054 and L552. Accumulation of proline in response to environmental stresses seems to be widespread among plants. Higher protein fractions were observed with tolerant genotypes in contrast to sensitive genotypes. Salt imposed stress finally caused a higher decline in number of filled pods. On the basis of physiological and biochemical parameters genotypes ICC8950 and ICCV10 from the desi genotypes and BG1053 and L550 from kabuli were identified as the tolerant while ICC15868, GL26054 as the sensitive ones and L552 as the moderately tolerant genotypes. These genotypes could be used as a source of tolerance in breeding programme to develop salt tolerant genotypes.
Determination of thermal constant and development threshold of Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua Walker
Authors: Selvaraj K. , Gotyal B. S. , Babu V. Ramesh , Satpathy S.
Published: April 2018

Effect of six constant temperatures viz., 18±1, 21±1, 24±1, 27±1, 30±1 and 33±10C was studied on the egg hatchability, larval pupal development and adult survival of Spilarctia obliqua. Development rate of egg, larva and pupa gradually increased with increase in temperature, while total developmental period decreased. Mean developmental period of the pest decreased from 93.73 days at 18±10C to 31.20 at 33±10C. The lowest and the highest temperatures at which no development took place were found to be 12±10C and 39±10C, respectively. Regression equations between development rate and temperature were found to be Y= 0.0189 X -0.1998 (R2=0.88) for egg, Y=0.00122 X -0.0248 (R2=0.84) for small larva (1-3rd instar), Y=0.0058 X -0.0675 (R2=0.76) for large larva (4-6th instar), Y=0.0074 X-0.1075 (R2=0.94) for pupa and Y=0.0142 X-0.4363 (R2=0.79) for adults. Developmental threshold were determined to be 10.57, 11.27, 11.55, 15.28 and 10.92oC for egg, small larva, large larva, pupa, and adult respectively with corresponding thermal constant being 52.91, 344.82, 243.90, 142.85 and 70.42 degree days (DD). Thermal constant to complete a generation was found to be 854.90 DD. This was the first studies on this aspects, these estimated thermal thresholds and degree days could be used to predict the S. obliqua activity in the field for their effective management through pest forecasting.
Analysis of different paddy transplanting methods in northern India: Ergo - economical study
Authors: Ojha Pragya , Kwatra Seema
Published: April 2018

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production constitutes the major economic activity and a key source of employment for the rural population of India. Manual transplanting of paddy in puddle field is a very tedious job and involves lot of fatigue and drudgery. To reduce the labour demand and time consumption, power operated transplanters are also available but the poor socio- economic conditions of Indian farmers restrict them to adopt modern technology. Keeping this in view, the present study was planned to compare the economic cost and the rate of human drudgery among female farm workers, during manual hand transplanting with the power operated eight- row paddy transplanter. For the ergonomical evaluation, twenty female subjects were selected in the age group of 20- 55 years. Physiological parameters like HR, energy expenditure, TCCW and PCW etc. were measured in different transplanting operations. The mean value of working heart rate was assessed to be maximum 138.32±7.67 beats/ min in manual hand transplanting and 110.12±5.79 beats/min in eight- row paddy transplanter. The energy expenditure rate was measured 18.40±0.95 kJ/min in local transplanting method and reduced to 15.17±1.68 kJ/min with paddy transplanter. TCCW was found to be 1965.5±63.66 beats for manual transplanting of paddy and 770.58±39.93 beats by the use of paddy transplanter whereas the PCW was calculated 227.98±22.17 in traditional method and 85.23±2.64 in improved method. The economic cost of mechanized transplanting was 47% less than conventional method.
Effect of age of plantation on seed characters and growth performance of Tokopatta (Livistona jinkensiana Griff.) seedling
Authors: Lyngdoh N. , Kumar Mukul , Kumar Naresh , Pandey A. K.
Published: April 2018

Tokopatta palm (Livistona jinkensiana) is a valuable non timber multiple end uses forest species of Arunachal Pradesh. In order to establish improved plantation, the production of quality seedling of this species is essential. The present study was undertaken to determine tree age effects on seed characters, seed germination and performance of seedlings. The 500 seeds sample from each plantations aged 18, 25, 35, 45, 54, 63 and 74 years old around Pasighat town under East Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh, India were taken to see the effect of tree ageon seed morphological characters, seed germination and seedling performance. Significant variation was observed for seed diameter and seed weight between plantations of different ages. The age effect was also seen in the germination patterns with middle aged plantations producing most superior seeds in terms of seed morphological parameters and germination behavior. Seedling attributes after 12 months showed that seedling obtained from young and middle aged plantations (between 18 to 45 years) performed better than those beyond 50 years.
Biochemical responses of cucumber to Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) mediated biotic stress
Authors: Tehri Kanika , Gulati Rachna , Geroh Monika , Madan Shashi
Published: April 2018

The effect of two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) feeding on leaf level physiological characteristics of cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linnaeus) was investigated. Young cucumber plants were artificially infested with different densities of T. urticae (5, 10, 15 and 20 mites/ grown up leaf) while uninfested plants acted as control. Post infestation, the plants differed in their support to mite density in accordance with initial infestation density and observation period. Highly significant negative correlation of -0.92, -0.93, -0.95 and -0.92 for total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, respectively, at the highest infestation level) was recorded between mite density and photosynthetic pigments in infested leaves as compared to uninfested ones. There was a significant decrease (P= 0.05) in the level of (a progressive decline from 2.82, 0.36 and 2.17% dry weight in control to the maximum of 2.09, 0.26 and 1.87% dry weight for N, P and K, respectively, at highest infestation level) in the infested leaves in response to mite infestation. Interaction between initial infestation level and observation period also suggested a significant impact of T. urticae infestation on the leaf phytochemicals of cucumber (P= 0.05).
In vitro method for predicting the bioavailability of iron from Bathua (Chenopodium album) and Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) leaves in Indian cookies
Authors: Prasad R. , Gupta A. , Parihar R. , Gangwar K.
Published: April 2018

This study was considered to determine the nutritional composition and in vitro bioavailability of iron of the prepared food products. The in vitro bioavailability of iron was determined in fresh and dehydrated bathua (Chenopodium album) and methi (Trigonella foenum graecum) leaves (in the ratio of 1:1) and their based product i.e. Indian cookies (paratha and laddoo) by using thiocynate method at pH 1.35 and 7.5, using pepsin. At pH 1.35 the soluble iron and ionizable iron were higher than pH 7.5. when pH was increased from 1.35-7.5 there was decreasing trend soluble as well as ionizable iron contents. There was highly significant (F< 0.05) difference between the control and treatments of products indicating that the addition of 20% of fresh and dehydrated leaves of bathua and methi improved the overall acceptability of products. The total iron content was found 11.69mg/100g in paratha incorporated with fresh GLVs whereas in vitro bioavailability of iron was found 2.16mg/100g in paratha. The total iron content was found 15.16mg/100g in laddoo incorporated with dehydrated GLVs whereas in vitro bioavailability of iron was found 2.78mg/100g in laddoo.
Studies on growth and survival of stone grafts as influenced by age of seedling rootstock in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Amrapali
Authors: Singh Niranjan , Tripathy S. M. , Ghumare Vikas
Published: April 2018

Stionic relationship is an important factor for successful graft production. Stone grafting was performed by cleft method in the month of July-August on seedling rootstocks (Mango seedlings) of on four age groups i.e. 5 days, 10 days, 15 days and 20 days using Amrapali as scion stock at Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The objective was to analyze age effect of mango seedling rootstock after stone grafting of cultivar Amarpali. Statistically data was analyzed with randomized block design replicating single interval five times. The height (24.4 cm) and sprouting percentage (83%) of scion, girth of rootstock and scion (6.3 mm) was significantly higher on grafts made on 10 days old rootstocks and minimum-sprouting percentage was recorded with 20 days old rootstocks. In vegetative parameters length (17.12 cm) and width (4.80 cm) of leaf was recorded maximum on 10 days old and minimum on 5 days old rootstock. The higher survival percentage was exhibited by 5 days and 10 days old rootstock, which shows suitability for this technique. It was revealed that stone/epicotyl grafting performed better in terms of growth and survival when rootstocks up to 10 days old were used for grafting.
Comparative study of some non-linear models for predicting the yield of Gmelina arborea plantation
Authors: Oboite F. O. , Ade-Oni V. D.
Published: April 2018

Yield models are important for effective forest management and as such were developed for the University of Benin Gmelina arborea plantation, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to develop, evaluate and compare predictions from some non-linear models for timber volume estimation. A total of nine non-linear models comprising of three models each for weibull, logistic and log-normal models were developed using the three independent variables combinations (Basal area and merchantable height, diameter at base and merchantable height, diameter at middle and merchantable height). The assessment criteria (correlation coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R2), standard error of estimate (SE)) with the validation results (using percentage bias and probability plots of residuals) showed that all categories of weibull and logistic models generated in this study discovered to be very adequate for tree volume estimation. The highest R2 (93.80), lowest SE (0.25) and lowest bias% (1.29) in the study were achieved from Weibull model 1a. The log-normal models were the least adequate for tree volume estimation with the highest bias%. The one way analysis of variance revealed that there were no significant differences in the performance of the non-linear models when varying predictor variables were used. The weibull, logistic models were therefore recommended for further use in this ecosystem and in any other forest ecosystem with similar site condition.
Interpretation of genotype x environment interaction and stability analysis for grain yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)
Authors: Arunkumar B. , Muniswamy S. , Dharmaraj P.S.
Published: April 2018

Fourteen pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) genotypes were evaluated for their yield performance at two locations during kharif season of 2009-10 and 2010-11. A significant genotypic difference for yield character was observed. Highly significant genotype–environment interaction indicated differential response of the genotypes to the environmental changes. The stability analysis showed significance of linear component of variation for grain yield. The genotypes TJT-501 (1728.667Kg/Ha) and GRG-2009-3 (1570.000 Kg/Ha) exhibited low meanperformance along with regression value nearer to unity (bi=1) and non significant deviation from regression (S2 di=0) indicating, the high stability and wider adaptability across the different environments. The genotype ICPH-2671 (3134.833 Kg/Ha) exhibited highest mean value and regression value (bi>1) and non significant deviation (S2 di < 0). But genotypes JKM-197 (3072.667 Kg/ha), GRG-2009 (29993.167 Kg/ha), TS-3R (2823.333 Kg / Ha) and ICP-8863 (2740.417 Kg/Ha) exhibited high mean performance but higher regression value (bi>1) and significant deviation (S2 di < 0) value indicating adapted for high performance environments showing these genotypes are sensitive to environments and give maximum yield when inputs are not limited.
Growth parameters and yield attributing characters of PR-118 (V1) and PR-116 (V2) varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by different planting methods
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Dhaliwal L. K.
Published: April 2018

Field experiments were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) to study the effect of different agronomic aspects of bed planting on growth and yield of rice during Kharif seasons of 2012 and 2013. The 30 days old seedlings of both rice varieties PR-118 (V1) and PR-116 (V2) were transplanted on 15th June (D1), 30th June (D2) and 15th July (D3). The two rice varieties were transplanted under bed planting (M1) and conventional planting (M2) methods respectively. The results showed that growth parameters like number of tillers per plant, dry weight per plant leaf area index (LAI) and plant height were significantly higher in bed planting than conventional method. In bed planting method, grain yield of rice (48.82q/h) was found to be more than the conventional method (35.74 q/h) during 2012.Varieties PR-118 yielded 47.61q/h more than PR-116 (39.97 q/h) in bed planting. Yield contributing characters like number of effective tillers, number of grains per plant and 1000-grain weight of rice were more in bed planting than conventional method. Harvest index and biological yield was also found to be more in bed planting method than conventional planting. Rice transplanted on 15th June yielded (50.15q/h) more than 30th June (41.45q/h) and 15th July (35.27q/h). Similar results were found in Kharif 2013. Interaction between dates of transplanting and varieties and between varieties and planting methods were found significant.
Description of a new species of Neocressionella Gupta (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) from North western India
Authors: Kumari Priyanka , Kumar Neelima R.
Published: April 2018

A new species, Megachile (Neocressionella) patialensis is described from Patiala, India. Full description of male with their floral relationship, morphological measurements and specimens examined is provided. Knowledge of the life history and nesting habits of Megachile bees will pave the way for their manipulation so that these can be used to increase pollination. Documentation of the genera and species will increase our knowledge of the biodiversity of these bees in the study area.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Spinacea oleracea grown in distillery effluent irrigated soil
Authors: Pathak Chakresh , Chopra A. K. , Gautam Ashutosh , Srivastava Sachin
Published: April 2018

The aim of the present study was to estimate the accumulation of heavy metals in Spinacea oleracea plant grown in Distillery Effluent (DE) irrigated soil. The results revealed that there was an increase in the metal contents Fe (+2.39%), Zn (+14.27%), Ni (+70.45%), Cd (+34.15%)and Cr (+20.46%) of soil irrigated with DE. In case of S. oleracea grown in the DE irrigated soil, it was observed that there was maximum concentration of Fe (353.24±7.94 mg/kg) and Zn (78.95±7.59 mg/kg) in leaves and that of Cr (54.19±8.39 mg/kg), Cd (7.73±1.41 mg/kg) and Ni (66.47±3.65 mg/kg) in root. The value of Bio-concentration factor (BCF) was found maximum for Cr (2.00) in comparison to other metals in the S. oleracea irrigated with DE. The value of Transfer factor (TF) was found maximum for Zn (TF- 1.51) for the soil irrigated with DE in comparison to soil irrigated with Bore well water (BWW). The DE can be a source of contamination to the soil as some toxic metals may also be transferred to roots and then to leaves in S. oleracea. The practice of continuous irrigation of agricultural land by DE may increase the risk of metal contamination in growing food crops to cause human health risks.
Exploration of various flours as pollen substitutes for Apis mellifera L. during Dearth period at Tarai region of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Usha Usha , Srivastava Poonam , Goswami Vimla , Khan M. S.
Published: April 2018

Studies on evaluation of various flours as pollen substitutes and availability of pollen resources for Apis mellifera honey bees were conducted at Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India during 2010. Four flours were taken viz. Soybean, Maize, Wheat and Gram as pollen substitutes for A. mellifera. All the flours were mixed with honey and water to make a total of 4 treatments (4 flours + honey + water). Treatment T1 (Soybean flour + honey + water) were found to be best in reference to visitation of bees with a mean number of 32.59 honey bee foragers /5min/day and weight loss in flours was 19.12 g due to foraging by bees followed by the treatment T3 (Maize flour + honey + water) and T2 (Wheat flour + honey + water) were found 29.30 and 23.05, respectively. Gram flour + honey + water (T4) combination were found to be least preferred pollen substitute for A. mellifera (19.76 honey bee foragers/5min/day) with a weight loss 6.66 g. The overall study has great significance for bee keepers. The use of pollen substitute is important for growth and development of the bee colonies not only in dearth periods but also at other times (during foraging, pollination process and to overcome pesticide exposures.). From the present findings it can be concluded that although bees have accepted and grew on all the diets.
BNKR-1 (Dhiren) – A newly released late duration high-yielding rice variety an alternative to Swarna (MTU 7029) for West Bengal, India
Authors: Mallick G. K. , Dana I. , Jana K. , Ghosh A. , Biswas A.
Published: April 2018

BNKR – I (Dhiren), a new late duration high yielding rice variety developed at Rice Research Station, Bankura, West Bengal, India was released by “State Variety Release Committee” (SVRC), West Bengal in 2011 for cultivation in irrigated late areas of West Bengal, India. Before release as BNKR – I (Dhiren), this rice culture completed three years of national testing (2008-2010) in the designation of CN 1340-76-1-BNKR 23-7-1 (IET 20760) and had been recommended for release in irrigated areas of Bihar and West Bengal under transplanted condition in 46th National Group Meeting on Rice organized by Directorate of Rice Research (ICAR), Hyderabad, India during April 2011. It gave 7.65 to 12.12% yield advantage over national check in national level. Not only that this culture of rice tested extensively in the farm of Rice research Station, Bankura, West Bengal and farmer’s field. It showed 11.64% and 19.30% yield advantage during 2006 and 2007 in observational trial, 10.44 to 14.38% yield advantage in on station yield trial during 2008-2010 and 12.51 to 17.93% yield advantage in farmer’s field during 2009 and 2010 over Swarna (MTU 7029), which is the most popular rice variety of West Bengal. BNKR – I (Dhiren) is non-lodging, non-shattering and late maturing variety (seed to seed : 142 days). It is moderately resistant to leaf blast, neck blast, brown spot, sheath rot and leaf folder. It’s average yield is 5000 – 5500 kg ha-1 . Grain type is short bold. It is expected that BNKR – I (Dhiren) can be able to replace Swarna (MTU 7029), the most popular rice variety of West Bengal, India.
Trends in breeding oat for nutritional grain quality - An overview
Authors: Gazal Asima , Dar Z. A. , Zaffar Gul , Lone A. A. , Abidi I. , Shabir Alima , Khan Khan , Yousuf Nida
Published: April 2018

Oat is an economically important crop and ranks sixth in world cereal production after maize, wheat, rice, barley and sorghum. It has been primarily utilized as livestock feed. However, the utilization of oats for human consumption has increased progressively, owing to its dietary and health benefits which relies mainly on the total dietary fibre and ?-glucan content, which significantly reduces postprandial blood glucose, insulin and blood lipids, especially serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Henceforth, enhancing Oat b-glucan content forhuman consumption is desirable. As it is a polygenic trait controlled mainly by genes with additive effects, phenotypic selection for greater b-glucan content would be effective for developing cultivars with elevated b-glucan contents. Oat b-glucan concentration has been found to be positively correlated with protein content and negatively correlated with oil content. ?-glucan yield (i.e., Product of grain yield and ?-glucan content) has been found to correlate positively with both grain yield (r = 0.92) and ?-glucan content (r = 0.66). Hence, this nutritional oat grain quality has been improved through selection for improved grain yield as they both increase simultaneously. Among wild accessions, A. atlantica genotypes have high ?-glucan content (2·2–11·3%) and have been used in breeding programmes for increasing the ?-glucan content of adapted elite local germplasm. Besides conventional breeding approaches, molecular breeding approaches have made possible to identify several molecular markers linked to ?-glucan rich regions across oat genome hence enabling mapping and dissection of ?-glucan rich genomic regions and accelerating the improvement in nutritional grain quality.
Drosofilídeos como bioindicadores da qualidade ambiental na cidade de Ariquemes-RO
Authors: Lazaroto Adelir Cechin , Da Silva Elisangela Ferreira , Ribeiro Lays Júlia De Jesus
Published: April 2018

O desenvolvimento do meio urbanizado tem crescido de forma acelerada a ponto de fazer com que haja um desequilíbrio de fauna e flora, e assim podendo atingir a qualidade ambiental da cidade. Um método para avaliar o grau de impacto de uma determinada região é a partir do levantamento de bioindicadores encontrados no local, ao analisá-los há a possibilidade de desvendar os possíveis problemas encontrados na região. Neste trabalho a família Drosophilidae foi usada como base para o diagnóstico da qualidade ambiental da cidade de Ariquemes/RO, uma vez que são mais apropriados por possuírem facilidade em detectar mudanças que podem ocorrer em elementos como, temperatura, umidade e outros. Foram coletados 3.042 insetos e 75,4% foram identificados como Drosofilídeos, o restante foi composto por artrópodes classificados nas ordens coleóptera, himenóptera, hemíptera, ortóptera, lepidóptera, neuróptera, blattaria e dípteros. Para a coleta desses artrópodes foram escolhidos método e armadilha propostos por Tidon e Sene (1988). A partir dos resultados pode-se concluir que há um alto nível de degradação devido à urbanização exagerada. Abrindo margens para novas pesquisas que podem ser desenvolvidas futuramente por pessoas que possuam interesse no assunto.

ABSTRACT: The development of the urbanized environment has grown rapidly to the point of causing an imbalance of fauna and flora, and thus achieving the environmental quality of the city. A method to assessing the degree of impact of a given region is from the survey of bioindicators found in the site, when analyzing them there is the possibility of unraveling the possible problems found in the region. In this work, the Drosophilidae family was used as a basis for the diagnosis of the environmental quality of the city of Ariquemes/RO, since they are more appropriate because they are easy to detect changes that can occur in elements such as temperature, humidity and others. 2.477 insects were collected and 69,8% were identified as Drosophilidae, the remainder composed of arthropods classified as Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Neopoptera, Blattaria and Diptera. For the collection of these arthropods were chosen traps made with PET bottle(1). From the results it is assumed that there is a high level of degradation due to exaggerated urbanization. It is still suggested that an afforestation project be developed, aiming at improving the health of the population. Opening margins for further research that may be developed in the future by people who have an interest in the subject.
Análise comparativa do teor de lipídeos do leite in natura e UHT utilizando quimiometria
Authors: Laia Keynete Cunha , Vieira Rafael
Published: April 2018

O leite (e seus derivados) está entre os alimentos mais consumidos, e é considerado de alta importância para o nosso organismo. Possui nutrientes que contribuem para o desenvolvimento físico e intelectual. A composição do leite se dá por proteínas, lipídios, carboidratos, minerais e vitaminas. Os lipídios estão presentes em uma grande quantidade, sendo 3,7% no leite in natura, compostos por triacilgliceróis que são ácidos graxos saturados. Alguns podem ser insaturados, e são considerados fontes de energia. O objetivo aqui é avaliar a extração de lipídios do leite UHT e do leite in NATURA, utilizando técnicas quimiométricas, utilizando um delineamento experimental, com o objetivo de verificar e avaliar, de forma coerente, os resultados obtidos, comparando a quantidade de gorduras que foram extraídas das duas amostras com a utilização de dois solventes diferentes, podendo assim identificar qual deles é mais eficaz para a extração. 

ABSTRACT: Milk (and its derivatives) is among the most consumed foods, and is considered to be of great importance to our body. It has nutrients that contribute to physical and intellectual development. The composition of milk is given by proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. Lipids are present in a large amount, being 3.7% in the milk in natura, composed by triacylglycerols that are saturated fatty acids. Some may be unsaturated, and are considered sources of energy. The objective here is to evaluate the lipid extraction of UHT milk and milk in NATURA, using chemometric techniques, using an experimental design, with the objective of consistently verifying and evaluating the obtained results, comparing the amount of fats that were Extracted from the two samples with the use of two different solvents, thus being able to identify which one is most effective for the extraction.
Policies and Institutions for Disaster Risk Management in Nepal: A Review
Authors: Nepal Pashupati , Khanal Narendra Raj , Pangali Sharma Bishnu Prasad
Published: April 2018

This paper is a review of policies for disaster risk management in Nepal and discusses the strengths, gaps and constraints of the same. Institutional and Legislative Systems (ILS) approach has been adopted focusing on three aspects: i) legal and regulatory frameworks, ii) policies and programs, and iii) organizational/institutional set-up. This paper concludes that newly endorsed Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act (2017) can be a milestone in disaster management of Nepal not only because it has replaced about 40 years old Natural Calamity (Relief) Act, 1982 but also for the first time, it saw disaster risk management as an process focusing on different stages of disaster management cycles, preparedness, response and rehabilitation and mitigation. The provision of well-structured functional institutional set-up from the centre to local level can have positive outcome in disaster management. However, it overlooks significant aspect, such as the declaration of disaster-prone zones limiting the right of provincial disaster management committee only for recommendation to the Government of Nepal. Most of policies, strategies and legislations focused on some specific disasters such as flood, landslide, earthquake and GLOF/avalanches at national level paying less emphasis to the local level. Even now, most of the policy interventions towards different cycles of disaster risk management have laid emphasis on preparedness and response rather than to rehabilitation and mitigation. The conflicting provisions in Acts such as Water Resource Act (1992) and Building Act (1998) with Local Government Operation Act (2017) have made overlapping of their roles and responsibilities. So, the policy formulation and institutional set-up needs to be complemented by the ability and competence to operationalize the intent of the relevant acts and policies at all levels of government.The Geographical Journal of NepalVol. 11: 1-24, 2018
Assessment of lymphovascular invasion in gastric carcinoma; do they always indicate lymph node metastasis?
Authors: Pande Kricha , Rauniyar Shyam Kumar , Pudasaini Sujata
Published: April 2018

Background: Stomach cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death. The grading and staging of this cancer plays an important prognostic role. Lymphovascular invasion predicts poor outcome in gastric cancer. Among the others, lymphovascular invasion provides useful information for the clinical management of patients with gastric cancer. Nevertheless, data about lymphovascular invasion in early-stage and in lymph node-positive gastric cancer are lacking. Hence, significance of lymphovascular invasion to metastatic lymph nodes impacting nodal status in gastric cancer has been studied in this study.Materials and methods: This is a retrospective analysis of twenty nine (29) histologically confirmed gastric carcinoma cases received in the department of Pathology at NMCTH dating from October 2014 to September 2016.Results:  There was male preponderance to gastric carcinoma with male to female ratio of 2.2:1. The age varied from 31- 84 years. There were 17 cases (59%) of intestinal type and 11 cases (38%) of diffuse type of gastric carcinoma and 1 case (3%) of adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma. Microscopic evaluation for depth of invasion showed tumor invasion till the subserosal connective tissue layer (69%) suggesting pT3 stage.  lymphovascular invasion was identified in 21 cases (72%). There was statistically significant correlation (p value 0.01) between   lymphovascular invasion and nodal status (N0) status. Conclusion: Presence of lymphovascular invasion is considered as poor prognostic marker in case of gastric adenocarcinoma. Pathologist have been reporting their presence or absence in each gastrectomy reports related to gastric carcinoma.This study has established a significant relation between presence of lymphovascular invasion and nodal staging of gastric carcinoma.
A simple and cost effective technique for construction of tissue microarrays
Authors: P Umasankar , Vijayan Poornima , Hamza Hazwa K , Sideeque Asiq , Ponniah Anupama
Published: April 2018

Background: Tissue microarray is widely used in histopathology and biomedical research. Construction of tissue microarray can help institutes to considerably reduce, cost of consumables, skilled man power needed and time needed in performing high output research. However resource poor centers in developing countries have hardly any access to such techniques.  The aim of this research is to develop simple, cost effective technique for making tissue microarray.Materials and methods: Materials available in a standard pathology laboratory such as skin punch biopsy needle, bone marrow aspiration needle, trephine biopsy needle, stylet, paraffin wax, hot air oven, slide warming table, drawing pin and measuring scale were used in developing this tissue microarray. The tissue array thus developed was sectioned using a standard microtome. Immunohistochemical studies were also performed on these tissue array sections which yielded satisfactory results.Results: This technique for construction of TMAs is simple and cost effective. When 3.5 to 3mm cores were used we were able to construct arrays up to 32 cores in one block. When 1mm cores were used we were able to construct arrays with 100 representative cores in one block. Morphological identification, histological typing and grading could be done in TMA sectionsConclusion: Tissue microarray is a relatively recent innovation in the field of pathology. We hope that our technique will encourage the younger researchers to take up research projects of large sample size requiring molecular studies with significantly lesser economic burden and thus leading to a significant acceleration in the transition of basic research findings into clinical applications.
Cytological pattern of cervical pap smears
Authors: Gurung Pun Rashmey , Shrestha Jashmine , Joshi Awale Pankaj , Chitrakar Neershova , Jha Rupa , Shrestha Khadka Srijana
Published: April 2018

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. It can be preventable and diagnosed early with adequate and repetitive cytological screening by pap test. The conventional cervical cytological screening is the most common technique used throughout the world.Materials and Methods: The present study is a retrospective study, carried out at Kantipur Dental College, Lagankhel polyclinic, Nivarak polyclinic and Grande city clinic and hospital services. Total 1999 cases were screened in two years period from shrawan 2072 to shrawan 2074.Results: Out of 1999 smears, 56 cases (2.8%) were unsatisfactory/inadequate, 1884 (94.25%) smears were negative for intraepithelial lesion/malignancy, 115 (5.75%) smears showed epithelial cells abnormalities and 439(21.96%) smears were with reactive cellular changes associated with inflammation. Bacterial vaginosis (55.35%) was the most common etiology identified in 439 cases inflammatory smears. Total 310 (15.5%) cases showed moderate to severe atrophic changes in smear cytology. Among 18 follow up cases of carcinoma cervix, one case (0.2%) was identified as relapse case.Conclusion: Bethesda system classification 2001found to be  very useful screening method for early detection of epithelial cells abnormalities of cervix in nepali population. As all the cases of epithelial cells abnormities were of age above 30 years, Pap smear examination should begin in women at least at the age of 30 years. Large studies are required to estimate the pattern of cervical cytological abnormalities along with Human papilloma virus (HPV) strain detection in Nepalese population.
Serum miR-658 induces metastasis of gastric cancer by activating PAX3-MET pathway: A population-based study
Authors: Wu Yuanyu , Wan Xiaoyu , Ji Fujian , Song Zheyu , Fang Xuedong
Published: April 2018

This article has been retracted, and the online PDF replaced with this retraction notice.
Influence of familiarization on maximum strength testing in male individuals with spinal cord injury
Authors: Neto Frederico Ribeiro , Costa Rodrigo Rodrigues Gomes , Cardoso Jefferson Rosa , Brown Lee , Bottaro Martim , Carregaro Rodrigo Luiz
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

Familiarization is a fundamental step for a proper maximum strength testing. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding familiarization protocols suitable for isokinetic assessment in men with spinal cord injury (SCI).

OBJECTIVE:

The aim was to compare different familiarization protocols (sessions and sets) and their influences on a maximum isokinetic strength test in individuals with SCI.

METHODS:

Thirty-six men with SCI were enrolled and were randomly assigned to one of three groups that performed one (F1set), two (F2set) or three (F3set) sets of familiarization on an isokinetic dynamometer. Each group repeated familiarization and maximum strength tests on three different days (D1, D2 and D3) with 48 to 72-hour intervals. Multiple one-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the familiarization protocols. For measurement agreement, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with Bland-Altman plots were used.

RESULTS:

F2set had no statistically difference in peak torque between testing days, or between F1set and F3set. F1set and F3set differed between days for shoulder abduction and extension. ICC was significant and high (ICC [Formula: see text] 0.91; [Formula: see text] 0.01) comparing D1 and D3 for all.

CONCLUSIONS:

One familiarization session composed by 2 sets of submaximal exercise could be adopted as a suitable protocol prior to a maximal strength testing in men with SCI.
Discussion on problems aroused from measuring hard magnetic properties at elevated temperatures
Authors: Liu Yapi
Published: April 2018

With the development of modern industry, more and more permanent magnetic materials are used at elevated temperatures. Thus it has become more and more important to measure their magnetic properties accurately both at room temperature and elevated temperatures. In this paper, for a better understanding of temperature coefficients, measuring of the magnetic properties at elevated temperatures and related problems are reviewed and discussed qualitatively. Advices on magnetizing permanent magnets at elevated temperatures are also given. In addition, principal problems and new advances involved in measuring techniques at elevated temperatures are also discussed. Furthermore, problems associated with testing magnets at elevated temperatures using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) are also presented.
Detection of delamination in laminated CFRP composites using eddy current testing: Simulation and experimental study
Authors: Xu Xiaojuan , Ji Hongli , Qiu Jinhao , Takagi Toshiyuki
Published: April 2018

The applicability of conventional eddy current (EC) testing to detect delamination in laminates of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) was assessed. As delamination impedes the induced currents flowing across the layers, the EC technique offers the potential for delamination in CFRPs to be detected by sensing the change in probe output signals caused by distortions in the magnetic field. In a numerical study, ECs distribution in CFRPs alters considerably in multidirectional and cross-ply laminates and currents drop steeply when delamination is present. In experiments, the detectability of delamination at different depths was investigated using 24-layer laminates, each with different stacking sequences. The change in amplitude of the probe output signal obtained from data agrees qualitatively with the numerical analysis. The size and location of the delamination defect were compared with those obtained in ultrasonic scanning images. Experiments show that delamination at a maximum depth of 0.75 mm in cross-ply samples could be detected, whereas subsurface defects in the unidirectional plate went undetected.
Investigation of the role of a nonmagnetic spacer in local wall thinning inspection
Authors: Vértesy G. , Tomáš I. , Bálint B. , Gyimóthy Sz. , Pávó J. , Uchimoto T. , Takagi T.
Published: April 2018

Detectability of an artificial slot, placed at the bottom of a steel plate was investigated by the method of Magnetic adaptive testing (MAT), when the measurement was performed through another steel plate. Influence of an air gap (or of a nonmagnetic spacer) located either between the magnetizing yoke and the top plate surface or between the two plates was explored. It was found that if the thickness of the nonmagnetic spacer was not larger than 0.15 mm, it had no influence on the detectability of the slot in the given geometry. This result shows an excellent applicability of MAT, and it is encouraging for possible future practical applications. The empirical data were compared with results of an electromagnetic simulation, and the outcome was interpreted and explained.
Morphological and molecular effects of phenolic extract from coconut kernel on human prostate cancer cell growth in vitro
Authors: Dhanyakrishnan Radhakrishnan , Sunitha Mary Chacko , Prakash Kumar Bhaskara , Sandya Sukumaran , Nevin Kottayath Govindan
Published: April 2018

Coconut is an indispensable ingredient in the diet and traditional medicine of individuals belonging to the Indian subcontinent. Coconut is of high nutritional value owing to the presence of all essential dietary components, viz, saturated fatty acids, arginine rich proteins, fibre and minor components like vitamin E, phytosterols, polyphenols and flavonoids. The polyphenolic content present in coconut kernel is of particular interest due to their numerous reported beneficial effects such as reduction of oxidative stress, combating cancer and in modulating anti-inflammatory pathways. Therefore, in the present study the cytotoxic effect of the polyphenol rich fraction from coconut kernel (CKf) was evaluated in human prostate cancer (DU-145) cells. Individual components present in CKf was determined by LC-MS analysis. It showed that CKf contained several bioactive molecules which have potential anticancer activity viz, coumaric acid, myristin, chlorogenic acid and triterpenoid methyl esters. The cytotoxic effect of CKf at various concentrations (2.5–20 μg/ml) on DU-145 was assessed using MTT assay, AO/EB staining, mitochondrial superoxide/ROS production and changes in intracellular calcium levels, 24 hrs post treatment. Changes in the cell morphology and nucleus were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Confocal microscopy. ROS and mitochondrial superoxide levels was evaluated using DCHF-DA and MitoSOX staining respectively. The impact of ROS on changes in cellular calcium levels was also studied using Fura-2-AM. LDH leakage from C K f treated and control cells were observed colorimetrically. Further, PCR analysis was done to detect changes in mitochondria associated apoptotic gene expression. It was also observed that C K f treatment increased the expression of pro-apoptotic genes - Bax, Bid, Bak and p53 in a dose-dependent manner. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that C K  f may be used as a part of a dietary regime for controlling the progression of prostate cancer.