bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a robot-assisted system for transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar surgeries: study protocol
Authors: Fan Ning , Yuan Shuo , Du Peng , Zhu Wenyi , Li Liang , Hai Yong , Ding Hui , Wang Guangzhi , Zang Lei
Published: September 2020

Background

Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar surgeries (PELS) for lumbar disc herniation and spinal stenosis are growing in popularity. However, there are some problems in the establishment of the working channel and foraminoplasty such as nerve and blood vessel injuries, more radiation exposure, and steeper learning curve. Rapid technological advancements have allowed robotic technology to assist surgeons in improving the accuracy and safety of surgeries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a robot-assisted system for transforaminal PELS, which can provide navigation and foraminoplasty.

Methods

The robot-assisted system consists of three systems: preoperative planning system, navigation system, and foraminoplasty system. In the preoperative planning system, 3D visualization of the surgical segment and surrounding tissues are realized using the multimodal image fusion technique of Computed tomography and Magnetic resonance imaging, and the working channel planning is carried out to reduce the risk for injury to vital blood vessels and nerves. In the navigation system, the robot can obtain visual perception ability from a visual receptor and automatically adjust the robotic platform and robot arm to the appropriate positions according to the patient’s position and preoperative plan. In addition, the robot can automatically register the surgical target through intraoperative fluoroscopy. After that, the robot will provide navigation using the 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot arm according to the preoperative planning system and guide the surgeon to complete the establishment of the working channel. In the foraminoplasty system, according to the foraminoplasty planning in the preoperative planning system, the robot performs foraminoplasty automatically using the high speed burr at the end of the robot arm. The system can provide real-time feedback on the working status of the bur through multi-mode sensors such as multidimensional force, position, and acceleration. Finally, a prototype of the system is constructed and performance tests are conducted.

Discussion

Our study will develop a robot-assisted system to perform transforaminal PELS, and this robot-assisted system can also be used for other percutaneous endoscopic spinal surgeries such as interlaminar PELS and percutaneous endoscopic cervical and thoracic surgeries through further research. The development of this robot-assisted system can be of great significance. First, the robot can improve the accuracy and efficiency of endoscopic spinal surgeries. In addition, it can avoid multiple intraoperative fluoroscopies, minimize exposure to both patients and the surgical staff, shorten the operative time, and improve the learning curve of beginners, which is beneficial to the popularization of percutaneous endoscopic spinal surgeries.
“Tele-Urology”: Is the COVID-19 Pandemic a Wake-up Call?
Authors: Almannie Raed , Almuhaideb Mana , Alzahrani Meshari , Binsaleh Saleh , Alyami Fahad
Published: September 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Collapsin response mediator protein 4 enhances radio-sensitivity through calcium-mediated cell signaling
Authors: Park Sang Yoon , Kim Jong-Tae , Park Eun Sun , Hwang Yo Sep , Yoon Hyang Ran , Baek Kyoung Eun , Jung Haiyoung , Yoon Suk Ran , Kim Bo Yeon , Cho Hee Jun , Lee Hee Gu
Published: September 2020

Background: Radiation therapy, an effective treatment modality against various types of cancer including colorectal cancer, reduces local recurrence rate despite damaging both normal and cancer cells. However, the presence of cancer cells resistant to radiation therapy remains a major therapeutic obstacle; thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying radiation resistance is an important step toward achieving successful outcomes in cancer treatment. Hence, in the present study, radioresistant cell lines were established and the radiation-induced genetic changes associated with radiation resistance were examined.Methods: We generated radioresistant colorectal cancer cell lines and subjected them to RNA sequencing. To know the relationship between CRMP4 downregulation and radiation resistance, western blotting and flow cytometry were used.Results: CRMP4 was identified as the candidate gene associated with radiation sensitivity. The intracellular Ca2+ concentrations increased when cells were exposed to radiation, which in turn, initiated apoptosis. Decreased CRMP4 expression enhanced resistance to radiation and Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Conversely, Ca2+ deficiency by BAPTA-AM caused higher cell death in CRMP4-depleted cells than in CRMP4-expressing cells.Conclusion: Our results indicated that CRMP4 influences Ca2+ signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, and that CRMP4 is critical for radiation sensitivity in colorectal cancer as it can sensitize cancer cells to radiation therapy.
The Students' Attitudes Towards Women'S Childbirth Experience - Development and Validation of a Questionnaire for Health Sciences Students (Cave-St)
Authors: Rengel-Díaz Cristóbal , Riklikiene Olga , Thomson Gillian , Cazorla-Granados Olga , Abreu Wilson , Isbir Gozde Gokce , Jonsdottir Sigridur Sia , Karlsdottir Sigfridur Inga , Lalor Joan , Gonzalez-Mesa Ernesto
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to report on the validation process of the Spanish version of a questionnaire that explores health science students’ attitudes towards women’s childbirth experiences. This questionnaire could help inform education programs to enhance the quality of woman-professional interactions, and to improve women’s experiences of childbirth. METHODS: A standardised procedure for the development and validation of the questionnaire included: item development and psychometric pre-validation, Cronbach’s Alpha and split-half coefficients calculation, test–retest and item-total correlation for the reliability analysis. Content validity was undertaken by Delphi method with sixteen panelists over two rounds. We determined the factor structure and refined and validated the questionnaire according to the responses of a cohort of 160 students using principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation. RESULTS: A 52-items questionnaire CAVE-st: (acronym for cuestionario de actitudes sobre vivencias y experiencias en el parto) was developed and validated. The questionnaire had a high construct validity, with a Cronbach´s alpha > 0.92. The intraclass correlations (0.80) indicated adequate test–retest reliability. The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed fourteen latent components that explained more than the 70% of the observed total variance.CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the questionnaire CAVE-st has been developed and validated. Its psychometrics indicate that it is a valid and reliable tool to assess health sciences students’ attitude towards women´s childbirth experience. Further work to translate and adapt the instrument in other cultures and languages will be undertaken.
Extending the global-direction stencil with "face-area-weighted centroid" to unstructured finite volume discretization from integral form
Authors: Kong Lingfa , Dong Yidao , Liu Wei , Zhang Huaibao
Published: September 2020

Accuracy of unstructured finite volume discretization is greatly influenced by the gradient reconstruction. For the commonly used k-exact reconstruction method, the cell centroid is always chosen as the reference point to formulate the reconstructed function. But in some practical problems, such as the boundary layer, cells in this area are always set with high aspect ratio to improve the local field resolution, and if geometric centroid is still utilized for the spatial discretization, the severe grid skewness cannot be avoided, which is adverse to the numerical performance of unstructured finite volume solver. In previous work [Chinese Physics B. 2020, In press], we explored a novel global-direction stencil and combined it with the face-area-weighted centroid on unstructured finite volume methods from differential form to realize the skewness reduction and a better reflection of flow anisotropy. Greatly inspired by the differential form, in this research, we demonstrate that it is also feasible to extend this novel method to the unstructured finite volume discretization from integral form on both second and third-order finite volume solver. Numerical examples governed by linear convective, Euler and Laplacian equations are utilized to examine the correctness as well as effectiveness of this extension. Compared with traditional vertex-neighbor and face-neighbor stencils based on the geometric centroid, the grid skewness is almost eliminated and computational accuracy as well as convergence rate is greatly improved by the global-direction stencil with face-area-weighted centroid. As a result, on unstructured finite volume discretization from integral form, the method also has superiorities on both computational accuracy and convergence rate.
Fear response-based prediction for stress susceptibility to PTSD-like phenotypes
Authors: Jeong Min-Jae , Lee Changhee , Sung Ki-Bong , Jung Jung Hoon , Pyo Jung-Hyun , Kim Joung-Hun
Published: September 2020

Most individuals undergo traumatic stresses at some points in their life, but only a small proportion develop stress-related disorders such as anxiety diseases and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although stress susceptibility is one determinant of mental disorders, the underlying mechanisms and functional implication remain unclear yet. We found that an increased amount of freezing that animals exhibited in the intertrial interval (ITI) of a stress-enhanced fear learning paradigm, predicts ensuing PTSD-like symptoms whereas resilient mice show ITI freezing comparable to that of unstressed mice. To examine the behavioral features, we developed a systematic analytical approach for ITI freezing and stress susceptibility. Thus, we provide a behavioral parameter for prognosis to stress susceptibility of individuals in the development of PTSD-like symptoms as well as a new mathematical means to scrutinize freezing behavior.
Effect of Vitamin C on mortality of critically ill patients with severe pneumonia in intensive care unit
Authors: Mahmoodpoor Ata , Shadvar Kamran , Sanaie Sarvin , Hadipoor Mir Reza , Pourmoghaddam Mohammad Ata , saghaleini seied hadi
Published: September 2020

Background: Critically ill patients are frequently suffering from vitamin C deficiency. Previous studies showed that high doses of vitamin C administration had conflicting results on clinical outcomes in patients with severe sepsis, burns and trauma. Because of high incidence and morbidity/mortality with severe pneumonia, we aimed to investigate the effect of administration of high dose vitamin C in critically ill patients with severe pneumonia.Methods: Eighty critically ill patients with pneumonia were enrolled in this randomized double blinded clinical trial. Patients with CURB-65 score >3, one major criteria, or ≥3 minor criteria were considered as severe pneumonia. Patients were randomly assigned to intervention or placebo groups receiving standard treatment plus 60 mg/kg/day vitamin C as continuous infusion or normal saline in the same volume correspondingly for 96 hours. Serum levels of vitamin C were noted at baseline and 48 hours after vitamin C administration. Duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, PaO2/FiO2 and mortality rate were noted for all patients till the 28th day. Any complications related to vitamin C administration were recorded. (IRCT registration number: IRCT20190312043030N1, Registration date: 2019-08-26, seied hadi saghaleini).Results: Duration of mechanical ventilation and vasopressor use were significantly lower in intervention group (p: <0.001 and 0.003, respectively). Baseline levels of vitamin C in both groups did not have significant difference but its levels increased in intervention group and decreased in control group during the study period. Mortality rate insignificantly decreased in intervention group (p: 0.17). Three patients showed hypotension and tachycardia during the administration of vitamin C which was self-limited with decreasing the dose of vitamin C. Conclusion: Our results showed that the intravenous administration of a relatively high dose of vitamin C to critically ill patients with severe pneumonia was safe and could decrease the inflammation, mechanical ventilation duration and vasopressor use without any significant effect on mortality.
Aß40 mutants protect Drosophila against Aß42 toxicity despite their amyloidogenic properties in the non-transgenic mouse brain
Authors: de Mena Lorena , Smith Michael A , Martin Jason , Dunton Katie L , Ceballos-Diaz Carolina , Jansen-West Karen , Cruz Pedro E , Dillon Kristy D , Rincon-Limas Diego , Golde Todd E , Moore Brenda D , Levites Yona
Published: September 2020

BackgroundSelf-assembly of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide into aggregates, from small oligomers to amyloid fibrils, is fundamentally linked with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However it is clear that not all forms of Aβ are equally harmful, and that linking a specific aggregate to toxicity also depends on the assays and model systems used [1, 2]. Though a central postulate of the amyloid cascade hypothesis, there remain many gaps in our understanding regarding the links between Aβ deposition and neurodegeneration.MethodsIn this study, we examined familial mutations of Aβ that increase aggregation and oligomerization, E22G and DE22, and induce cerebral amyloid angiopathy, E22Q and D23N. We also investigated synthetic mutations that stabilize dimerization, S26C, and a phospho-mimetic, S8E, and non-phospho-mimetic, S8A. To that end, we utilized BRI2-Aβ fusion technology and rAAV2/1 based somatic brain transgenesis in mice to selectively express individual mutant Aβ species in vivo . In parallel we generated PhiC31-based transgenic Drosophila melanogaster expressing wild type (WT) and Aβ40 and Aβ42 mutants, fused to the Argos signal peptide to assess the extent of Aβ42-induced toxicity as well as to interrogate the combined effect of different Aβ40 and Aβ42 species.ResultsWhen expressed in the mouse brain for 6 months, Aβ42 E22G, Aβ42 E22Q/D23N, and Aβ42WT formed amyloid aggregates consisting of some diffuse material as well as cored plaques, whereas other mutants formed predominantly diffuse amyloid deposits. Moreover, while Aβ40WT showed no distinctive phenotype, Aβ40 E22G and E22Q/D23N formed unique aggregates that accumulated in mouse brains. This is the first evidence that mutant Aβ40 overexpression leads to deposition under certain conditions. Interestingly, we found that mutant Aβ42 E22G, E22Q, and S26C, but not Aβ40, were toxic to the eye of Drosophila . In contrast, flies expressing a copy of Aβ40 (WT or mutants) in addition to Aβ42WT, showed improved phenotypes, suggesting possible protective qualities for Aβ40.ConclusionsThese studies suggest that some Aβ40 mutants form unique amyloid aggregates in mouse brains, despite protecting against Aβ42 toxicity in Drosophila , which highlights the significance of using different systems for a better understanding of AD pathogenicity and more accurate screening for new potential therapies.
Impact of fibrinogen level on the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury: A single-center analysis of 2570 patients
Authors: Lv Ke , Yuan Qiang , Fu Pengfei , Wu Gang , Wu Xing , Du Zhuoying , Yu Jian , Li Zhiqi , Hu Jin
Published: September 2020

Background: Fibrinogen may play an important role in the survival of trauma patients; however, its role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its correlation with disease prognosis remain poorly understood. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of TBI-associated hypofibrinogenemia in patients with TBI and to evaluate the prognostic value of fibrinogen level with respect to mortality and clinical outcomes. Methods: A total of 2570 consecutive TBI patients were retrospectively studied. Prognostic evaluations were determined using the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) assessment 3 months after injury. The shape of the relationship between fibrinogen level and mortality or outcome was examined using cubic spline functions. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the association between fibrinogen level and 3-month functional outcomes.Results: Fibrinogen concentrations < 2 g/L were observed in 992 (38.6%) patients at the time of admission. Multivariate analyses showed that for patients with fibrinogen levels < 2.0 g/L, those levels were an independent prognostic factor for 3-month mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–0.93; P < .001). By contrast, for patients with fibrinogen levels < 2.5 g/L, the levels were an independent prognostic factor for favorable outcomes at 3 months (OR, 1.654; 95% CI, 1.186–2.306; P = .003). Similar results were also seen for patients with fibrinogen levels > 3.0 g/L, with the levels being an independent prognostic factor for favorable outcomes at 3 months (OR, 0.771; 95% CI, 0.607–0.979; P = .033). Conclusions: Fibrinogen is an independent prognostic factor for clinical outcomes in TBI patients. Maintaining the level of fibrinogen between 2.5 and 3 g/L may improve clinical outcomes in patients with TBI.
Multiple Myeloma in Armenia During the Period 2006-2018: Facts and Discussion
Authors: Ghazaryan Narine , Danelyan Samvel , Bardakhchyan Samvel , Saharyan Anahit , Sahakyan Lusine
Published: September 2020

Background: It is well known that the increased incidence of hematological malignancies is mainly caused by the growth of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM). The indicated annual increase of ММ incidence in the world is 0.7%. Despite significant advances in the MM treatment the mortality rates are reaching 0.8-1.7%. The aim of the current study was a comprehensive analysis of ММ, i.e., their prevalence, incidence and survival rates in Armenia for the period of 2006-2018. Methods: The initial data for this survey were derived from ambulance cards, hospitalization journals, and clinical data from the Registry of Blood Diseases at the Hematology Center named after Yeolyan. Additional data was acquired from the National center of oncology named after Fanarjian, as well as from death certificates. Results: Data analysis showed that during the reported time period the increase of the MM incidence was 1.23 per 100 000 population. In comparison to the results obtained for 1966-1971 and 1998-2004, a significant increase in incidence of MM was found. Conclusions: The incidence rates for the MM increased during the analyzed period and women are particularly in the risk group. Moreover, attention should be paid to the fact that the most favorable age for male with MM is 59 years and below.
The Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block Combined With Oral Multimodal Analgesia In Comparison With Oral Multimodal Analgesia After Caesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: YU YANG , GAO Shenshan , YUEN Vivian Manying , CHOI Wai Siu , XU Xuebing
Published: September 2020

Background: The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is used increasing in parturients after caesarean delivery. This is a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectivenss of TAP in patients who received multimodal oral analgesia for postoperative pain relief.Methods: Parturient who were scheduled for elective caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia were recruited and randomized to receive TAP block or placebo in addition to multimodal oral analgesia which consisted of regular tramadol, celecoxib and paracetamol, with oral oxycodone used as rescue for breakthrough pain. Only parturient in TAP group would have an injection of local anaesthesia under aseptic techniques. All the parturient were evaluated for pain or related complications in the first 24 hours after surgery. Results: Eighty and 79 parturients were allocated to TAP and placebo group respectively. Nine out of 79 (11.4%) and 15 out of 73 (20.5%) parturients required oxycodone for breakthrough pain, P = 0.122. There was no difference in postoperative pain score and patient satisfactory score between the two groups. Conclusions: TAP block confers little additional benefit when multi-modal oral analgesic regimen is used for postoperative pain control after caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.Trial registration:Clinical Trial Registry of China (http://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR-INR-16010130). Retrospective registered on Dec 12, 2016
Older Aboriginal Australians’ Health Concerns and Preferences for Healthy Ageing Programs
Authors: Wettasinghe Pamela Ming , Allan Wendy , Garvey Gail , Timbery Alison , Hoskins Sue , Veinovic Madeleine , Daylight Gail , Mack Holly , Minogue Cecilia , Broe Gerald A , Donovan Terrence , Radford Kylie , Delbaere Kim
Published: September 2020

BackgroundWhile there is strong evidence of the need for culturally appropriate healthy ageing programs for older Aboriginal Australians, there are few such available programs. There is also emerging potential and advantages of using technology as a platform for program delivery. It is important to understand older Aboriginal Australians’ perceptions of healthy ageing in order to co-design culturally appropriate healthy ageing programs, including views on technology use in this context.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 34 Aboriginal Australians aged 50 years and older from regional and urban communities to explore participants’ main health concerns, preferred approaches to developing healthy ageing programs, and receptiveness to technology. Qualitative data were analysed using a grounded theory approach. ResultsThis study found that older Aboriginal Australians are concerned about chronic health conditions; social and emotional wellbeing; and difficulties accessing health services. Barriers to participation in current health programs included unappealing programs, disengagement due to past negative experiences, shame or stigma, and a sense of disempowerment. Flexibility of attendance and social aspects emerged as enablers. From the perspective of older Aboriginal people, a successful model of a healthy ageing program is one that comprises physical and cognitive activities, social interaction and health education, while providing culturally safe care and transport. Such a model should maintain family, community, cultural identity and empowerment regarding ageing well as its central tenets. This study also provides preliminary evidence of the viability of technology as a platform for health program delivery amongst older Aboriginal people in urban and regional settings. ConclusionFuture research may apply these findings in the implementation and evaluation of culturally appropriate healthy ageing programs for older Aboriginal people.
Expression of adipocytokine genes and their content in various adipose tissue sites in patients with heart diseases
Authors: Gruzdeva Olga , Dyleva Yulia , Belik Ekaterina , Borodkina Daria , Sinitsky Maxim , Sotnikov Anton , Kozyrin Kiril , Karetnikova Viktoria , Bychkova Evgenia , Barbarash Olga
Published: September 2020

Background Adipose tissue (AT) is an endocrine and paracrine organ that synthesizes biologically active adipocytokines, which affect inflammation, fibrosis, and atherogenesis. Epicardial and perivascular fat depots are of great interest owing to potential effects on the myocardium and blood vessels. Objective To assess expression and secretion of adipocytokine genes in adipose tissue in patients coronary artery disease (CAD) and patients with aortic or mitral valve replacement. Methods The study included 84 patients with CAD and 50 patients with aortic or mitral valve replacement. Adipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous (SAT), epicardial (EAT), and perivascular AT (PVAT) samples. Isolated adipocytes were cultured for 24 h after which, gene expression and secretion levels of selected adipokines and cytokines in the culture medium were determined. Results The study parameters differed depending on the adipose tissue location. EAT adipocytes in CAD patients were characterized by a pronounced imbalance in the adipokine system. EAT had the lowest adiponectin gene expression and secretion, regardless of nosology and high expression levels of the leptin gene, its receptor, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected. High leptin and IL-6 levels resulted in increased pro-inflammatory activity, as observed in both EAT and PVAT adipocytes, especially in individuals with coronary artery disease. Conclusion The "protective" potential of adipose tissue depends on its location.
Energetic Balance of Biogas and Fertilizing Potential of Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion of Manihot Utilissima
Authors: Nsimba Beaudrique , Mambanzulua Philippe Ngoma , Basosila Norbert Lolofo , Korangi Virginie Alleluya , Saidi Mugunda , Esole Yamba
Published: September 2020

Optimal scale production of biogas from the anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes (OWs) as substrates has become one of stimulating environment-friendly procedures to foster the replacement of fossil energies by renewable ones. AD of OWs generated from households is desirable as an effective method to fight against environmental pollution effects of the latter in developing countries. Notably in Africa where each year there are more than 600,000 premature deaths following the use of solid biomass energy (especially charcoal). Yet, if assessing the potential of biogas production, that is, biochemical methane potential (BMP) has played a prominent role in the choice of substrates, in the other hand the evaluation of the optimal ratio between the quantity of variety OWs and the amount of energy to be produced has not received several attentions. The latter is valuable not only for energetic productivity but also for profitability. Thus, in this report, an energetic balance between the amount of leaves and stems of Manihot Utilissima (MU) annually produced as well as the energetic potential of their biogas were investigated. Cow manure (CM) was employed as inoculum, under mesophilic conditions of the collection sites: Ngaba and Ndjili in Kinshasa City Province (KCP), Congo DR, where the leaves and stems of MU are among the most generated wastes. Furthermore, we evaluated the fertilizing potential of digestates from the AD of the leaves and stems by their Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratios. The annual energetic potentials of biogas produced were estimated to be 1.362 ± 0.028 109 kWh for the leaves and 0.337 ± 0.006 109 kWh for the stems. These were associated to the energy needs for the KCP households corresponding to the use of charcoal. The latter was evaluated to be 166 103 tons for leaves and 41 103 tons for the stems of MU, respectively. The fertilizing potential of digestates from the AD of the leaves and stems of MU assessed by their C/N ratios were determined to be 5 and 10, respectively; indicating that they are favorable for the cultivation of vegetables and fruit trees in KCP soils (C/N ~ 5) but also optimal for the organisms, soil conditioning and could improve the soils hydraulic conductivity (C/N ~ 10).
Use of a Technology-based System to Motivate Aged Persons in Performing Physical Activity: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Knippenberg Els , Timmermans Annick , Palmaers Steven , Spooren Annemie
Published: September 2020

BackgroundMaintaining or initiating regular physical activity (PA) is important for successful aging. Technology-based systems may support and stimulate aged persons to initiate and persevere in performing PA. The aim of the current study was to assess to which extent a customised Kinect system is 1) a credible tool to increase PA in aged persons, 2) motivating to perform PA by aged persons, and 3) easy to be used in aged persons. MethodsA mixed-method cross-sectional feasibility study was performed in 5 aged care facilities in Flanders, Belgium. Aged participants were asked to perform a 20-30 minute test with the intelligent Activity-based Client-centred Training (i-ACT) system. After the test, the ‘Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire’ (CEQ), the ‘Intrinsic Motivation Inventory’(IMI), the System Usability Scale (SUS), and semi-structured interviews were conducted in the aged participants. Feedback was gathered using the thinking aloud method in both aged participants and supervisors. ResultsA total of 48 aged persons (20 males and 28 females, mean age=81.19 (SD=8.10)), were included. The scores pertaining to system credibility and expectancy, system usability, and motivation towards use were moderate to good. Participants reported that they liked using the i-ACT system, but that the context could be more attractive by adding more visualisations. Twelve supervisors gave feedback regarding the i-ACT systems itself, the use and motivational aspects. ConclusionsThis study indicates that i-ACT is a useful and motivational system to engage aged persons to perform PA and therefore supports successful aging. Furthermore, i-ACT is a low-cost, easy to use and controller/wire-free system, which makes i-ACT a suitable tool for use in the home environment. Further development and future research is necessary to adapt the i-ACT system towards the wishes and needs of the aged population at home and in care facilities. Future research should include the effect of using a client-centred task-oriented approach in combination with technology-supported systems to engage aged persons to perform PA. Trial registrationClinicalTrial.gov ID NCT04489563, 23 July 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000A39C&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0003E6F&ts=37&cx=2jhfvs
Psychosocial factors associated with postpartum psychological distress during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.
Authors: Ostacoli Luca , Cosma Stefano , Bevilacqua Federica , Berchialla Paola , Bovetti Marialuisa , Carosso Andrea Roberto , Malandrone Francesca , Carletto Sara , Benedetto Chiara
Published: September 2020

Background Trauma, natural and man-made catastrophic events can be predictors of postpartum psychological distress. In a public health response due to coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, the Italian government imposed a lockdown from March 9 to May 3. This extraordinary situation may have been challenging for maternal psychological health. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms in women giving birth during the Covid-19 pandemic and its associations with quarantine measures, obstetrical factors, and relational attachment style. Methods Women who gave birth in a high-volume obstetric/gynaecological medical centre located in an epidemic area during the Covid-19 pandemic (March 8 to June 15) were asked to complete an online survey about their childbirth experience and the perceived effect of the pandemic. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) were administered to assess levels of postpartum depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and relational style of attachment, respectively. Multivariate analysis was applied to identify associations between quarantine measures, childbirth experience, attachment style, and EPDS and IES-R scores.Results The survey was completed by 163 women (response rate 60.8%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 44.2% (EPDS cut-off score ≥11) and the PTSS rate was 42.9% (IES-R cut-off score ≥24). Dismissive and fearful avoidant attachment styles were significantly associated with the risk of depression and PTSS, respectively. Perceived pain during delivery was a risk factor for postpartum depression. Perceived support provided by healthcare staff was a protective factor against depression and PTSS. Another protective factor against PTSS was quiet on the ward due to the absence of hospital visitors. Conclusion This study reports a high prevalence of postpartum depressive and PTSS in women who delivered during the Covid-19 pandemic. Postnatal psychological distress seemed to be associated more with the prenatal experience and other individual factors than with the pandemic hospital restrictions. Early detection during pregnancy of an insecure attachment style is fundamental to provide targeted preventive and therapeutic psychological interventions.
The Role of Social Support in the Association Between Dependency and the Important Risk Factors Among Elderly: A Cross-sectional Study Based on Baseline Data From Aehrr Project
Authors: Cui PinYu , Chen Yuan , Li YaXing , WaiLi Nuremaguli , Li Ying
Published: September 2020

BackgroundDependence is a common mental disorder among the elderly increases with increasing age，and can lead to serious health problems. This study aimed to assess the association between social resources and dependency, and explored the effect of social support on modification of important risk factors for dependency among elderly.Method The present study was a population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 950 participants aged ≥ 60 years were selected using a complex multistage sampling design from 22 locations in China. All data were collected using questionnaires by face-to-face interviews. The dependency was assessed using the standardized Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-II, and the social resource was assessed using the questionnaires of Older American Resources and Services (OARS) in Chinese version. The logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between dependency and social resources. The analysis of covariance was performed to evaluate the effect of social support on modification of important risk factors for dependency.ResultsA total of 913 participants were included in the analysis, and 10.3% of males and 14.4% of females were identified as dependency. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that a significant negative association between the levels of social resource and dependency. The odds ratio was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.73–0.84) after adjusting for important confounding factors. The results of analysis of covariance showed the differences in the mean dependency score between different chronic disease status and social support level.ConclusionThe levels of social resources were negatively associated with dependency. Our results suggest that the social support had both a direct effect on dependency and an indirect effect through modifying chronic disease status and individual income.
Establishment and Evaluation of an Indirect ELISA for Detection of Antibodies to Goat Klebsiella Pneumonia
Authors: Chen Ruichang , Shang Hongqi , Niu Xiangyun , Huang Jin , Wang Huan , Miao Yongqiang , Sha Zhou , Zhu Ruiliang , Peng Duo , Hu Liping
Published: September 2020

Background: Klebsiella pneumonia, a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the genus Enterobacter, causes many human and livestock diseases. Notably, infected goats may develop pneumonia, septicemia, which can lead to occasional death, resulting in great economic losses in goat-farming industry. However, there are no systematic methods for detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae in goats currently. Results: In this study, we developed a Klebsiella pneumoniae goat polyclonal antibody and established an indirect ELISA method to detect the Klebsiella pneumoniae. After screening and optimizing the conditions for detection, we determined the optimal working dilutions of the coated-bacterial antigen, the polyclonal antibody, and the enzyme-labeled secondary antibody that were 1:800 (2.99x107 CFU/ml), 1:6400, and 1:5000, respectively. The optimal condition of coating and blocking were both 4 °C for 12 h. The optimal dilution buffers of bacterial antigen, the antibodies, and the blocking buffer were 0.05 mol/L carbonate buffer, 1% BSA phosphate buffer, and 1.5% BSA carbonate buffer, respectively. The cut-off value was determined to be 0.28, and the analytical sensitivity was 1:800. Furthermore, there was no cross-reaction between the coated antigen and goat serum positive for other common bacteria, indicating that indirect ELISA could detect Klebsiella pneumoniae specifically in most cases. The average coefficients of variation of intra-assay and inter-assay were 4.37% and 5.17% indicating favorable reproducibility of indirect ELISA. In the detection of clinical veterinary samples, the positive rate of indirect ELISA was 6.74%, higher than that of conventional agglutination assays. Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggested that the method that we established has promising applications in production, laying the foundation for epidemiology, serological investigation and clinical veterinary diagnosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae in goats.
Genetic Diversity of a Natural Population of Akebia Trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz and Extraction of a Core Collection Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Authors: Zhong Yicheng , Wang Yue , Sun Zhimin , Niu Juan , Shi Yaliang , Huang Kunyong , Chen Jing , Luan Mingbao , Chen Jianhua
Published: September 2020

Background: Developing a core collection can deepen our understanding of the genetic diversity of germplasm resources and lay the foundation for their rational utilization. Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz is an important oil crop, particularly in China, but there is no relevant research report about the core collection of A.trifoliate.Results: In this study, 28 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and genetic structure of a natural population of A. trifoliata, including 955 germplasms, and to extract a core collection. The genetic diversity of the natural population was moderately polymorphic. The average number of alleles (Na), observed heterozygosity (HO), expected heterozygosity (HE), Shannon’s information index (I*), and polymorphic information content (PIC) were 3.71, 0.24, 0.46, 0.81, and 0.41, respectively. Two sub-populations were identified, indicating a weak genetic structure. The core collection was composed of 164 individuals (17.2% of 955 total germplasms in the population), and diversity parameters differed significantly from those of a random core germplasm collection. Conclusions: The genetic diversity of the natural population of A.trifoliata was moderately polymorphic, and the genetic structure was weak. Moreover 164 individuals could represent the genetic diversity of the 995 individals. These results have implications for germplasm management and genomics studies in A. trifoliata as well as for the establishment of core collections of other perennial liana species.
Factors Associated with Acute and Persistent Psychological Disturbances During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Płomecka Martyna Beata , Gobbi Susanna , Neckels Rachael , Radziński Piotr , Skórko Beata , Lazzeri Samuel , Almazidou Kristina , Dedić Alisa , Bakalović Asja , Hrustić Lejla , Ashraf Zainab , haghi Sarvin Es , Rodríguez-Pino Luis , Waller Verena , Jabeen Hafsa , Alp A. Beyza , Behnam Mehdi A , Shibli Dana , Barańczuk Zofia , Haq Zeeshan , Qureshi Salah U , Strutt Adriana M. , Jawaid Ali
Published: September 2020

Background: The emergence of Corona virus disease (COVID-19) and wide-spread counter-measures, such as quarantine and social distancing, can have a significant impact on mental health of individuals. Methods: This online study anonymously screened 13,332 individuals worldwide for acute psychological symptoms related to Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from March 29th to April 14th, 2020. A total of n=12,817 responses were considered valid. n=1077 participants from Europe were screened a second time during May 15th to May 30th to longitudinally ascertain the persistence of psychological effects. Results: Female gender, pre-existing psychiatric condition, and prior exposure to trauma were identified as notable factors associated with increased acute psychological symptoms during COVID-19. The same factors, in addition to, being related to someone who demised due to COVID-19 and using social media more than usual predicted persistence of psychological disturbances. Optimism, ability to share concerns with family and friends like usual, positive prediction about COVID-19, and daily exercise predicted fewer acute and persistent psychological symptoms. Conclusions: Females, psychiatric patients, and individuals with previous exposure to trauma are at increased risk of being persistently psychologically affected by COVID-19.
A Reverse Transcription Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification for Broad Coverage Detection of Asian and African Zika Virus Lineages
Authors: Teoh Boon-Teong , Chin Kim-Ling , Samsudin Nur-Izyan , Loong Shih-Keng , Sam Sing-Sin , Tan Kim-Kee , Khor Chee-Sieng , Abd-Jamil Juraina , Zainal Nurhafiza , Wilder-Smith Annelies , Zandi Keivan , AbuBakar Sazaly
Published: September 2020

Background: Early detection of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during the viremia and viruria facilitates proper patient management and mosquito control measurement to prevent disease spread. Therefore, a cost-effective nucleic acid detection method for the diagnosis of ZIKV infection, especially in resource-deficient settings, is highly required.Methods: In the present study, a single-tube reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for the detection of both the Asian and African-lineage ZIKV. The detection limit, strain coverage and cross-reactivity of the ZIKV RT-LAMP assay was evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of the RT-LAMP were also evaluated using a total of 24 simulated clinical samples. The ZIKV quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was used as the reference assay.Results: The detection limit of the RT-LAMP assay was 3.73 ZIKV RNA copies (probit analysis, P ≤ 0.05). The RT-LAMP assay detected the ZIKV genomes of both the Asian and African lineages without cross-reacting with other arthropod-borne viruses. The sensitivity and specificity of the RT-LAMP assay were 90% (95% CI = 59.6 – 98.2) and 100% (95% CI = 78.5 – 100.0), respectively. The RT-LAMP assay detected ZIKV genome in 9 of 24 (37.5%) of the simulated clinical samples compared to 10 of 24 (41.7%) by qRT-PCR assay with a high level of concordance ( = 0.913, P < 0.001).Conclusion: The RT-LAMP assay is applicable for the broad coverage detection of both the Asian and African ZIKV strains in resource-deficient settings.
Functional Recovery in Hip Fracture Patients: a Real-practice Pilot Study Comparing Different Rehabilitation Settings
Authors: Freitas Margarida Mota , Curci Claudio , Ascenso Diana , Silveira Alda , Sire Alessandro de
Published: September 2020

Background: Hip fractures are a major source of disability in the elderly and rehabilitation is mandatory to recover pre-fracture functioning. To date, there is a big heterogeneity not only in terms of frequency and timing but also of choosing the most appropriate setting for hip fracture rehabilitation. In this real-practice pilot study we aimed at evaluating the long-term effects of rehabilitative intervention on disability status and functional outcomes in post-hip fracture elderly people.Methods: We included patients aged 65 years or older who had undergone surgical stabilization of a hip fracture. Exclusion criteria: pathological fractures or whose comorbidities could have an impact on motor, cognitive or sensory function. The sample was divided into 3 groups according to their destination after hospital discharge: Group 1, outpatient rehabilitation; Group 2, inpatient rehabilitation; Group 3, home-based rehabilitation. All three groups underwent a specific rehabilitation protocol for 3 times/week for 2 months. At the baseline (T0), at 3 months (T1), and at 6 months after fracture (T2), we assessed as outcome measures: Barthel Index (BI), Functional Ambulation Categories, passive and active range of motion of hip flexion and abduction, Medical Research Council scale (MRC) to assess muscle strength in hip flexion, hip abduction, and knee extension.Results: All three groups showed an average statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in all the outcome measures compared to baseline, except for MRC of knee extension in group 3 at T1. Considering the between-group analysis, BI was significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 at T2 (p=0.018).Conclusions: Taken together, our findings show that rehabilitation could lead to a significant improvement in functional recovery, independently from the settings, albeit outpatient rehabilitation seems to be the best option for hip fracture patients.
High number of RNA copies in asymptomatic individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 in an area of the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Mattar Salim , Martinez-Bravo Caty , Rivero Ricardo , Contreras Hector , Faccini_Martinez Alvaro , Guzman Camilo , Galeano Ketty , Alvis Nelson , Contreras Veronica , Arrieta German , Gonzalez Marco , Miranda Jorge , Ospina Martha Lucia , Camargo-Assis Francisco , Mercado-Reyes Marcela , Garay Evelyn , Garcia-Perez Alejandra , Lopez Yesica , Tique Vaneza
Published: September 2020

Background. Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging viral pandemic disease. In the last six months, SARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of reported cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths. As other world regions, nowadays, South America has not contained the pandemic's advance since it lacks the hospital and economic capacities. Public health implications of transmission, while the asymptomatic infection is a critical concern at the current pandemic.Objective: Describe the socio-demographic, clinical, and viral kinetics features of a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals from the Colombian Caribbean. Methods: Six hundred eighty-six clinical samples of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection cases and contacts individuals from several hospital centers in the department of Córdoba, Colombia, were received at our laboratory between April 9th and May 16th, 2020. RNA was extracted using lysis buffers and spin columns. The samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR (Reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction) using commercially available multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of 3 target genes of SARS-CoV-2 (AllplexTM, 2019-nCoV assay, Korea). Viral copies quantification was done using a standard curve constructed from seriated dilutions of a SARS-CoV-2 positive control. Statics descriptive methods were used. Results: Thirty-five nasopharyngeal samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection; the average age was 43 (range, 1-95 years). Seventeen of 35 (49%) of the patients showed symptoms. Most of them had a cough, fever, and odynophagia; three of the patients reported having arthralgia. Only two patients required hospitalization. None of the patients had known co-morbidities. RT-qPCR results show that two of the symptomatic patients had significantly higher RNA copies than the rest. Eighteen of 35 (51%) individuals were asymptomatic, and the average age was 30 (range, 6-61 years). Four asymptomatic individuals showed a higher copy than some symptomatic patients; nonetheless, the average of RNA copies 8.26 x10+10 was lower than the symptomatic.Conclusions: the population studied was young, with an average of 43 years in symptomatic and 30 years of asymptomatic; this is important because of the high impact in the economy. Because a large proportion of infections may result from transmission from asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic persons, the usefulness of public health interventions in Colombian provinces should be based on molecular screening in a vast conglomerate population and quantify the viral load.