bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preventable risk factors for type 2 diabetes can be detected using noninvasive spontaneous electroretinogram signals
Authors: Imm Ramsés Noguez , Muñoz-Benitez Julio , Medina Diego , Barcenas Everardo , Molero-Castillo Guillermo , Reyes-Ortega Pamela , Hughes-Cano Jorge Armando , Medrano-Gracia Leticia , Miranda-Anaya Manuel , Rojas-Piloni Gerardo , Quiroz-Mercado Hugo , Hernández-Zimbrón Luis Fernando , Fajardo-Cruz Elisa Denisse , Ferreyra-Severo Ezequiel , García-Franco Renata , Mijangos Juan Fernando Rubio , López-Star Ellery , García-Roa Marlon , Lansingh Van Charles , Thébault Stéphanie C.
Published: November 2022

Given the ever-increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity, the pressure on global healthcare is expected to be colossal, especially in terms of blindness. Electroretinogram (ERG) has long been perceived as a first-use technique for diagnosing eye diseases, and some studies suggested its use for preventable risk factors of type 2 diabetes and thereby diabetic retinopathy (DR). Here, we show that in a non-evoked mode, ERG signals contain spontaneous oscillations that predict disease cases in rodent models of obesity and in people with overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome but not yet diabetes, using one single random forest-based model. Classification performance was both internally and externally validated, and correlation analysis showed that the spontaneous oscillations of the non-evoked ERG are altered before oscillatory potentials, which are the current gold-standard for early DR. Principal component and discriminant analysis suggested that the slow frequency (0.4–0.7 Hz) components are the main discriminators for our predictive model. In addition, we established that the optimal conditions to record these informative signals, are 5-minute duration recordings under daylight conditions, using any ERG sensors, including ones working with portative, non-mydriatic devices. Our study provides an early warning system with promising applications for prevention, monitoring and even the development of new therapies against type 2 diabetes.
Novel nanocellulose - microcrystalline cellulose complex with hierarchical structure reinforcing polylactic acid as 3D printing materials
Authors: Long Haibo , Mo Jianbin , Yang Feiwen , Xiao Jialin , Zhang Shuting , Xao Dingshu , Guan Litao , Zheng Wenxu , Gu Jin , Zhou Wuyi , Wei Yen , Dong Xianming
Published: November 2022

A novel nanocellulose - microcrystalline cellulose complex (NCMC) with special hierarchical structure has been prepared by grafting nanocellulose (NC) onto the surface of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) via different silane coupling agents in this paper. The cellulose complex was easier to separate and purify from the solution in the preparation process than nanocellulose due to its large size, and was used to reinforce polylactic acid (PLA) as 3D printing materials through a melt-blending process. The results showed that NCMCs prepared by different silane coupling agents had different surface morphologies. Nanocelluloses formed a network structure on the surface of KH-550 treated NCMC, while a spherical structure wrapped by nanocellulose was formed on the surface of KH-560 treated NCMC, and KH-570 treated NCMC was the nanocellulose network with a small amount of irregular silica impurities. The mechanical properties, crystallinity of polymer and thermal stability of NCMC/PLA composites are obviously improved by adding a small amount of NCMC. Compared to pure PLA, the tensile strength, bending strength and elongation at break of the NCMC/PLA composites were increased by 40.3%, 84.1% and 34.3%, respectively. It is because NCMC had higher specific surface area and more complex surface structure than MCC, that led to more thorough grafting reaction on polylactic acid during high temperature extrusion blending process. The DSC results also showed that a small amount of NCMC could promote the crystallization of PLA as 3D printing materials. Besides, NCMC/PLA composites did not block the printing nozzle in continuous 3D printing, and the printed products had better appearances. The obtained materials are environmentally friendly, renewable and ideal for 3D printing.
High intestinal vascular permeability in a murine model for Hirschsprung’s disease; implications for postoperative Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis
Authors: Suda Kazuto , Yamada Shunsuke , Miyahara Katsumi , Fujiwara Naho , Kosaka Seitaro , Abe Kumpei , Seo Shogo , Nakamura Shinji , Lane Geoffrey J. , Yamataka Atsuyuki
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Intestinal vascular permeability (VP) in a murine model for Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) and postoperative Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) were investigated.
Methods
Intestinal VP was determined using a Miles assay using 1% Evans blue injected into a superficial temporal vein of newborn endothelin receptor-B KO HD model (KO) and syngeneic wild-type (WT) mice (n=5, respectively). Extravasated Evans blue in normoganglionic ileum (Ng-I), normoganglionic proximal colon (Ng-PC) and aganglionic distal colon (Ag-DC) was quantified by absorbance at 620nm. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A), VEGF-B, CDH5, SELE and CD31, and immunofluorescence for CD31 were performed.
Results
VP was significantly higher in Ng-I, Ng-PC, and Ag-DC from KO than WT (p<0.01, p<0.05, and p<0.05, respectively). qPCR demonstrated upregulated VEGF-A in Ng-I and Ag-DC, VEGF-B in Ng-I, and SELE in Ng-I and Ng-PC (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively), and downregulated CDH5 in Ng-I and Ng-PC from KO (p<0.05, respectively). Expression of CD31 mRNA in Ng-I and Ag-DC from KO was significantly higher on qPCR (p<0.05) but differences on immunofluorescence were not significant.
Conclusions
VP may be etiologic for postoperative HAEC throughout the intestinal tract even after excision of aganglionic bowel.
A protocol for a randomised controlled trial exploring human milk, nutrition, growth, and breastfeeding rates at discharge: the Hummingbird study
Authors: Chmelova Kristina , Berrington Janet , Shenker Natalie , Zalewski Stefan , Rankin Judith , Embleton Nicholas
Published: November 2022

Background
Mother’s own breast milk (MOM) is the optimal nutrition for preterm infants as it reduces the incidence of key neonatal morbidities and improves long-term outcomes. However, MOM shortfall is common and either preterm formula (PF) or pasteurised donor human milk (DHM) may be used, although practice varies widely. Limited data suggest that the use of DHM may impact on maternal beliefs and behaviours and may therefore impact on breastfeeding rates. The aim of this pilot study is to determine if the duration of DHM exposure impacts on breastfeeding rates, and maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy.
Methods
The Human Milk, Nutrition, Growth, and Breastfeeding Rates at Discharge (Hummingbird) study is a feasibility and pilot, non-blinded, randomised controlled trial (RCT) with a contemporaneous qualitative evaluation. Babies born at less than 33 weeks gestation or with birth weight <1500 grams whose mothers intend to provide MOM are randomly assigned to either control arm (DHM used to make up shortfall until full feeds, then PF used thereafter) or intervention arm (DHM used to make up shortfall until 36 weeks corrected age or discharge if sooner). The primary outcome is breastfeeding rates at discharge. Secondary outcomes include growth, key neonatal morbidities, length of stay, breastfeeding self-efficacy and postnatal depression using validated questionnaires. Qualitative interviews using a topic guide will explore perceptions around use of DHM and will be analysed using thematic analysis.
Discussion
The provision of DHM is a complex intervention as it impacts on infant health and disease, as well as impacting on maternal and healthcare staff belief and behaviour. This is the first RCT to investigate the impact of DHM duration on breastfeeding rates and maternal self-efficacy.
Trial registration: Trial was registered prospectively on 4th May 2021 (ISRCTN 57339063).
Phytoremediation: An effective technique for domestic wastewater treatment in developing countries
Authors: Harne Kailash , Joshi Himanshu
Published: November 2022

Phytoremediation in the form of constructed wetlands is an effective method of treatment of municipal as well as industrial wastewater. The efficacy of this method has already been tested in European and American countries and found to be the best method of wastewater treatment. Efforts have been made in the present work to check the efficacy of phytoremediation in the form of constructed wetlands under Indian climatic conditions. A pilot plant of constructed wetlands has been constructed on the premises of the Uttaranchal Jal Nigam Sewage treatment plant and municipal wastewater has been allowed to pass through the constructed wetland. It has been observed that BOD removal at 24 0C is governed by the equation Ce/Co = e-1.0042 x t and the removal rate constant of BOD has been observed to be 0.795 d-1 at 20 0C. It has been observed that the pilot-constructed wetland is bringing effluent BOD and TSS up to 20 mg/l and 30 mg/l respectively consistently for the duration under study. The values of hydraulic retention time, hydraulic loading, and organic loading for achieving this performance are found to be 1.75 days,13.22 cm/d, and 142.78 kg/ha. d respectively. Performance study of constructed wetland and the existing activated sludge treatment has shown that the percent removal for the parameters TSS, BOD, COD, and Fecal Coliforms is near to the same order except for TN and TP, where the activated sludge process unit shows higher removal than the constructed wetland.
Transition Relation Aware Self-Attention for Session-based Recommendation
Authors: Zhu Guanghui , Hou Haojun , Chen Jingfan , Yuan Chunfeng , Huang Yihua
Published: November 2022

Session-based recommendation is a challenging problem in real-world scenes, e.g., e-commerce, short video platforms, and music platforms,which aims to predict the next click action based on the anonymous session. Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as the state-of-the-art methods for session-based recommendation. However, we find that there exist some limitations in these methods. One is the important transition relations between items are not fully exploited. Another is the graph structure noise and long-range dependency problems when introducing GNNs in session-based recommendation. Considering these problems, we propose a novel approach based on self-attention mechanism for session-based recommendation, called Transition Relation Aware Self-Attention (TRASA). TRASA encodes the shortest path between items in a session graph through the gated recurrent unit as their transition relations. And uses a self-attention mechanism to explore the potential relations between items, which does not rely on the graph structure and can capture the long-range dependencies intrinsically. Besides, the transition relations are incorporated explicitly when computing the attention scores to keep the transition semantics. Extensive experiments on four real-word datasets demonstrate that TRASA outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods consistently.
Language gene polymorphism pattern of Pan paniscus adds indirect evidence that Qinghai-Tibet plateau area was also a birth place of humankind: a potential milestone for both science and education
Authors: Xia Wei , Zhang Zhizhou
Published: November 2022

More and more evidences support that anthropoids in Africa originated from Asia, and why Homo genus emerged earlier in Africa than other continents remains enigmatic. One of the anthropoids closest to Homo is Pan paniscus (Bonobo), now inhabitating only south of Congo river. Language ability of Bonobo seems close to that of Homo sapiens, suggesting that it is evolutionarily only one or several steps away from humankind. In this study, 148 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites of 13 language genes were employed to roughly search for language gene polymorphism pattern (LGPP) of 113 whole genome sequences (including 59 ancient genomes ranging from 2000 BP to 120000 BP) from five continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America). It was found that the LGPP of Bonobo is highly close to several samples: a 7900y old ancient sub-Sahara African forager and three modern human people from Pakistan, Kenya and Congo. This result could be an indirect evidence for the following possibility: uplifting of Qinghai-Tibet plateau induced huge ecological challenge, thus promoting migration of ancient anthropoids around Pakistan area to Africa and evolution into Bonobo and a certain Homo genus that was highly similar to Bonobo. Later on the Homo genus migrated out of Africa and got a chance to reach Pakistan. This preliminary finding may have a potential to be a milestone in human evolution for both scientific research and cultural education.
Long-standing foreign body in the right bronchus of a 7-year-old girl
Authors: Shakhnazarova M. D. , Sedova A. Y. , Denisova V. D. , Grebeneva I. V. , Geppe N. A. , Shavrov A. A. , Ibragimov S. I.
Published: November 2022

Foreign body aspiration (FB) is one of the leading causes of death from accidents among preschool children. Every year, up to 8% of children worldwide die as a result of foreign body aspiration. In developed countries, the mortality rate is lower, but the problem remains no less urgent due to the high attendance at emergency departments. Longstanding foreign bodies deserve special attention. The absence of an aspiration episode in the anamnesis of the disease, nonspecific respiratory symptoms, “X-ray negative” foreign bodies, as well as organic FB can complicate the diagnostic search. The article presents data from domestic and foreign literature on epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, as well as modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of foreign body aspiration. The authors present their own clinical observation of a long-standing foreign body in the bronchus in a 7-year-old child. Prolonged cough and repeated episodes of bronchial obstruction for 4 years were regarded as the onset of bronchial asthma. The lack of effect from ongoing bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory therapy with high doses of inhaled glucocorticosteroids dictated the need to expand the diagnostic search, and therefore the child was sent for examination in a hospital to the pulmonology department of the Children’s Clinical Hospital I.M. Sechenov. During endoscopic examination, a metal spiral spring (7 mm in size) was found in the child and simultaneously removed, which was presumably within 4 years in the right bronchus. Over the next 6 months, bronchial obstruction did not recur, there were no complaints.
Laboratory markers of urinary tract infection in children: current state and prospects
Authors: Tsutsaeva A. N. , Zakharova I. N. , Eremenko A. I. , Minasyan A. K. , Klimov L. Ya. , Sadovaya A. S. , Plut O. A.
Published: November 2022

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and important clinical problem in all age groups. Diagnosis of UTI without localization is not difficult, while the differential diagnosis of UTI is complicated by the lack of specific criteria for pyelonephritis and cystitis. The presence of certain clinical symptoms in combination with a positive bacteriological examination of urine does not allow us to reliably determine the localization of the inflammatory process in the urinary system, which is important due to the different approaches to the treatment of pyelonephritis and cystitis. The review considers in detail the data of studies demonstrating insufficient sensitivity and specificity of the accepted markers of urinary tract infection. Studies have found that ESR and CRP cannot act as specific markers for UTI, especially in children with fever. It has been shown that the procalcitonin test can be considered as such a marker, however, a limited number of studies and a noticeable heterogeneity between studies do not allow us to state this fact definitely. In this regard, it is necessary to search for modern, more accurate biomarkers, that allow differentiating pyelonephritis and cystitis at the earliest stages. The article presents data of modern studies, demonstrating the role of cytokines as biomarkers of UTI, showing their role in differentiating UTI of the lower and upper parts. In addition, the potential role of antimicrobial peptides as diagnostic markers of UTI is considered.
Experience of organizing a children’s COVID and provisory hospital on the basis of children’s city hospital No1 in Kazan
Authors: Filatov V. S. , Lutfullin I. Ya. , Safina A. I. , Potapova M. V. , Sharipova O. V. , Daminova M. A. , Zakirov I. I. , Volyanyuk E. V. , Kuzmina E. A. , Gimadutdinova G. F. , Agliullina A. M.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The pandemic of coronavirus infection, declared by WHO on March 11, 2020, in the first months practically did not affect the inhabitants of the Russian Federation, which gave the healthcare system an advantage in the form of a temporary lag to prepare for the mass admission of patients to infectious diseases hospitals.Aim. To disclose the issues of organization and operation of a children’s covid and provisional hospital on the basis of a separate medical institution as a single whole entity, which functioned for 495 days from 04/08/2020 to 08/15/2021 on the basis of the City Children’s Hospital №1 of Kazan.Materials and methods. Descriptive statistics of 1554 cases of coronavirus infection COVID-19 in childhood are given, topical aspects of epidemiology, the clinical course of the disease and the significance of comorbid pathology are discussed.Results. In the process of work, we noted three rises in the incidence: in June 2020, December 2020 and July 2021. In 61.2% (n = 951) of cases, intrafamily infection was noted, in 11.9% (n = 185) – infection in children’s groups, in 26.9% (n = 418) of cases the source of infection was not identified. The course of the disease was moderate in 74.3% of patients (1154 children), severe in 4.1% (64 children) and mild in 21.6% (336 children), whose hospitalization was justified by social reasons or serious comorbid pathology. The incidence of pneumonia was 21.4% (333 children). COVID-19 was diagnosed in 47 newborns, which proceeded in a severe (2.1% of cases, n = 1), moderate (66% of cases, n = 31) and mild (31.9% of cases, n = 15) form.Conclusions. City Children’s Hospital № 1 of Kazan, transformed into a temporary children’s covid and provisional hospital, provided medical care to 7831 children, including 1554 patients with COVID-19 in the period from 04/08/2020 to 08/15/2021. This organizational decision made it possible to provide those in need with the necessary medical care, organize the routing of patients, and create a reserve of beds.
Multiple problems of school medicine: state of health and organization of nutrition for schoolchildren
Authors: Shuldais V. A. , Sagitova G. R. , Toropygina E. A. , Stolypina M. V. , Klyueva N. V. , Shaforostova E. M. , Temerev I. A.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of schoolchildren with chronic diseases. Employees of the Astrakhan State Medical University, together with colleagues from Children’s City Polyclinic №4, worked to study the impact of nutrition on the growth of disease cases in educational institutions.Aim. Study of the impact of nutrition in educational institutions on the state of health of modern schoolchildren in the city of Astrakhan, as well as the understanding of children and their parents of the principles of healthy nutrition of children.Materials and methods. The health status of 9063 schoolchildren was monitored in general education institutions located in the service area of Children’s City Polyclinic No. 4. Data from preventive examinations 2018–2020 were used. Schoolchildren (579 people) in grades 8–11 and parents (591 people) were surveyed for the state of the child’s health and attitude to healthy nutrition in schools.Results. According to the results of monitoring by the Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Astrakhan region in the region, no educational institution has a balanced diet. Preventive examinations of schoolchildren showed that only 7% of children with health group I entered the first grades. In a significant part of schoolchildren, various functional violations were noted (57%). In the structure of such disorders, the first place is diseases of the musculoskeletal system, the second place is the pathology of the digestive organs, and the third place is the violation of neuropsychiatric health. There was a high level of allergopathology, eye diseases. 3% of children showed hearing loss. When examining the cardiovascular system (ECG screening), only 63% of schoolchildren had no significant abnormalities.Conclusion. Unsustainable nutrition of schoolchildren is one of the reasons for the high level of incidence of schoolchildren, the prevalence of chronic diseases, and physical disorders. It is necessary to introduce healthy-saving technologies in schools and control the organization of nutrition for schoolchildren.
Experience in the phytotherapy use for rehabilitation of adolescents with recurrent respiratory diseases
Authors: Pikuza O. I. , Generalova E. V. , Rizvanova F. F.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The state of modern Russian adolescents health is characterized by negative trends such as high level of morbidity, largely due to recurrent acute respiratory diseases (ARI). Recurrent acute respiratory infections negatively affect the health of adolescents, contributing to the development of chronic infection foci, having a negative impact on their physical development and psychoemotional status. Many approaches have been proposed for the rehabilitation of adolescents with recurrent acute respiratory infections, but in recent years phytotherapy has attracted the attention of researchers.Aim. The study is to analyze the experience of using phytotherapy in the rehabilitation of adolescents with recurrent respiratory diseases.Materials and methods. 124 adolescents aged 13–18 years with recurrent acute respiratory infections were examined. The control group consisted of 50 conditionally healthy adolescents. The artificial colonization of buccal epithelial cells, anti-adhesive activity of saliva and level of psychic adaptation were determined. In addition to the generally accepted measures, the herbal medicine was included in the rehabilitation complex for 51 adolescents. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the SPSS 12.0 program.Results. A decrease in oral mucosa adaptive stability in adolescents with recurrent respiratory diseases during the period of clinical well-being was found – such as decrease of anti-adhesive activity of saliva, increase artificial colonization of buccal epithelial cells index. The prevalence of persons with psychic desadaptation among adolescents with recurrent acute respiratory infections was revealed. The positive clinical effect of the herbal medicine in improving the health of adolescents with recurrent respiratory infections, manifested by the end of the course of therapy by an increase in the adaptive resistance of the oral mucosa in the most of patients, and at the follow-up period of 6 months – an increase in the immune resistance and psychic adaptation.Conclusions. The use of herbal medicine effectively restores the reserves of oral cavity mucosal protection, psychic adaptation and reduces the number of acute respiratory infections. The drug has good tolerability and can be recommended for use in a complex of recreational activities for adolescents with recurrent respiratory diseases.
Pathophysiological and pharmacological concepts in the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases
Authors: Pomortseva I. V. , Mikhailov I. B.
Published: November 2022

Bronchopulmonary diseases are an urgent problem for practical health care, as they are a frequent complication of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), which have a very high incidence in all age groups of the population, and especially among children. The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic, which the world faced in 2019, convincingly confirmed these facts. Therefore, effective pathophysiological treatment of patients with bronchopulmonary diseases is the most important task of modern pharmacotherapy. The 2 most important highly effective mechanisms for protecting the respiratory tract from pathogenic agents that provide the drainage function of the respiratory tract are described: mucociliary transport and cough. When pathological processes occur in the tracheobronchial tree (various bronchopulmonary diseases), the rheological properties of the bronchial secretion, structural and functional characteristics of the mucous membrane and submucosal layer of the airways change. This leads to mucostasis, a violation in the system of mucociliary transport – a key mechanism for protecting the respiratory tract from pathogenic agents, which significantly complicates the course and treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases, because mucostasis contributes to the violation of bronchial patency and the occurrence of atelectasis. Multfactorial is a distinctive feature of changes in mucociliary transport in bronchopulmonary diseases and requires a complex pharmacological action aimed at its normalization. Therefore, pathogenetic therapy aimed at restoring all the key factors of mucociliary transport is targeted in the treatment of various bronchopulmonary diseases. Mucoactive drugs that belong to different pharmacological groups, the use of which is aimed at restoring mucociliary transport, are considered. The necessity of using combined mucoactive drugs for the treatment of patients with bronchopulmonary diseases has been substantiated.
Analisis Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa Kelas XI SMK 3 Kota Sungai Penuh dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika pada Materi Matriks
Authors: Nasution Eline Yanty Putri , Fitri Nadira Maulida , Rusliah Nur
Published: November 2022

Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa kelas XI SMK 3 kota sungai penuh dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika pada matriks. Pengumpulan data kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa menggunakan teknik tes dan dokumentasi. Instrumen tes yang digunakan adalah soal uraian yang berjumlah 7 butir soal kemampuan penalaran matematis. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan cara mereduksi, penyajian, dan penarika kesimpulan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 20 orang siswa kelas XI Busana 3 SMKN 3 Kota Sungai Penuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualifikasi kemampuan penalran matematis 50% siswa dikategorikan sangat baik mampu memperkirakan jawaban dan proses solusi, menyusun pembuktian langsung, serta mampu menarik kesimpulan logis sesuai dengan penalaran terhapad penyelesasian soal matriks. Selanjutnya, kategori baik dicapai oleh 25% siswa, mampu memperkirakan jawaban dan proses solusi namun kurang lengkap, menyusun pembuktian langsung, dan menarik kesimpulan logis dari penyelesaian soal matriks. Kemudian terdapat 25% siswa mencapai kategori cukup mampu memperkirakan jawaban dan proses solusi namun kurang benar dan kurang lengkap, tidak mampu menyelesaikan pembuktian langsung, dan tidak dapat menarik kesimpulan logis karena penyelesaiannya kurang lengkap. Selanjutnya tidak ada siswa yang berkemampuan penalaran matematis dalam kategori kurang dan sangat kurang.Kata Kunci: penalaran matematis, masalah matematika, matriks.
Analisis Kesiapan Pembelajaran Tatap Muka Mahasiswa Matematika dari Masa Pandemi Menuju Endemi COVID-19
Authors: Arna Putri Gusti Ayu Made , Abdurahim Abdurahim
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidak adanya perbedaan kesiapan antara mahasiswa matematika menuju pembelajaran tatap muka dari masa pandemi ke masa endemi Covid-19. Peneliti menggunakan sampel mahasiswa aktif berjumlah 63 mahasiswa di Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif berdasarkan jenis kelamin, angkatan, umur dan domisili dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket atau kuisioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan jenis kelamin terdapat 19% laki-laki dan 81% perempuan, berdasarkan angkatan diperoleh 20,6% angkatan 2018 dan angkatan 2019, 28,6% angkatan 2020, 30,2% angkatan 2021, berdasarkan umur 52,4% berumur kurang 20 tahun dan 47,6% lebih dari 20 tahun serta berdasarkan domisili mayoritas berasal dari Bali sebesar 87,3% dan sisanya 12,7% berasal dari luar Bali. Berdasarkan empat variabel tersebut diambil satu variabel yaitu variabel angkatan yang kemudian diuji menggunakan uji ANOVA satu arah. Berdasarkan uji tersebut, diperoleh p-value 0,371 atau lebih besar dari 5%. Hal ini berarti bahwa hipotesis nol tidak ditolak atau dengan kata lain tidak terdapat perbedaan kesiapan antara mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis kesiapan responden tersebut, sehingga diperoleh jawaban paling banyak adalah Siap, yaitu sebesar 467 jawaban. Jadi, hal ini menandakan bahwa arah kesiapan responden adalah kearah siap untuk pembelajaran tatap muka di masa endemi.Kata kunci: kesiapan mahasiswa, tatap muka, pandemi, endemi.
Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in household drinking water in rural Ghana
Authors: Kichana Elvis , Opare-Boafoa Maame Serwa , Bekoe Emmanuel Martin Obeng
Published: November 2022

Even in the 21st century, households in rural Ghana still rely on drinking water sources that are contaminated with pathogenic Escherichia coli, the consumption of which results in morbidity and mortality of children and adults. The present study sought to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of E. coli isolated from household drinking water. A total of 49 water samples were analyzed. E. coli was isolated and confirmed from the water samples using the spread plate and biochemical tests, respectively. The Kirby–Bauer method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. E. coli was isolated from 79.6% of the water samples with a mean colony growth of 15 cfu/100 μl. The isolates were absolutely resistant to ceftazidime, cefixime, augmentin, and cefuroxime. In contrast, the isolates were most susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamicin, and nitrofurantoin. Multidrug resistance was registered in 48.7% of the isolates. E. coli isolates from each water sample had a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index greater than 0.2, indicating increased use or misuse of antibiotics in the study area. This study revealed a high occurrence of multidrug-resistant E. coli and a record-high reduction in the efficacy of important antimicrobials.
Access to handwashing with soap facility: a post-sensitisation investigation of drivers
Authors: Limantol Andrew Manoba , Amoah Anthony
Published: November 2022

As part of measures to promote good hygiene, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund adopted affordable handwashing with soap facility (Tippy-Tap), and implemented sensitisation training for residents in the Binduri District of Ghana. In the context of good hygiene technology adoption, this study examines how poor communities have adopted and used Tippy-Tap over a period of 1 year. The study further identifies the associated post-sensitisation drivers of the Tippy-Tap. In addition to descriptive analysis, this study relies on post-sensitisation cross-sectional data and a logit regression with its marginal effects for the analysis. The results show that after the sensitisation programme, the adoption and use rate now stand at 90%, up from the baseline of 4%. The study provides evidence that female household-heads are more likely to adopt and use the Tippy-Tap relative to male household-heads. The study further reveals that being educated increases the probability of accessing the Tippy-Tap facility by about 23%. Subsequently, this study finds that personal, household, and community-level characteristics are the key drivers of the high adoption and use rate. In conclusion, the study finds evidence of a high adoption and use rate of the Tippy-Tap initiative after its sensitisation. The study recommends extensive sensitisation of hand hygiene using community-level social norms and practices.
Ubiquitous Existence of Cation-Proton Antiporter and its Structurefunction
Interplay: A Clinical Prospect
Authors: Dwivedi Manish , Mahendiran Sowdhamini
Published: November 2022

Sodium, potassium, and protons are the most important ions for life on earth, and their homeostasis is crucially needed for the survival of cells. The biological cells have developed a system that regulates and maintains the integrity of the cells by facilitating the exchange of these ions. These systems include the specific type of ion transporter membrane proteins such as cation-proton antiporters. Cation proton antiporters induce the active transport of cations like Na+, K+ or Ca+ across the cell membrane in exchange for protons (H+) and make the organism able to survive in alkaline conditions, high or fluctuating pH, stressed temperature or osmolarity. The secondary transporter proteins exploit the properties of various specific structural components to carry out efficient active transport. Ec-NhaA crystal structure was resolved at acidic pH at which the protein is downregulated, which discloses the presence of 12 transmembrane (TM) helices. This structural fold, the “NhaA fold,” is speculated to contribute to the cation-binding site and conformational alterations during transport in various antiporters. Irrespective of the variation in the composition of amino acids and lengths of proteins, several other members of the CPA family, such as NmABST, PaNhaP, and MjNhaP1, share the common structural features of the Ec-NhaA. The present review elucidates the existence of CPAs throughout all the kingdoms and the structural intercorrelation with their function. The interplay in the structure-function of membrane transporter protein may be implemented to explore the plethora of biological events such as conformation, folding, ion binding and translocation etc.
Association Between ABCA1 R219K Variant and Alzheimer's Disease: An
Updated Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Zhao Jinrong , Wang Jinpei , Zhao Dong , Wang Lin , Luo Xiaoe
Published: November 2022

Background:

Over a dozen studies have investigated the effect of the R219K variant in the
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene on the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the
results are conflicting.

Objective:

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the association
between the ABCA1 R219K variant and the risk of AD.

Methods:

Studies included in the meta-analysis were obtained by searching PubMed, Web of Science
and AlzGene. Review Manager 5.4 was used for meta-analysis. Both the odds ratio (OR) and its 95%
confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the effect of ABCA1 R219K polymorphism on AD susceptibility.
Heterogeneity between the included studies was assessed using I2 statistics and Cochran Qtest.
Funnel plots were used to assess publication bias.

Results:

A total of 14 eligible studies involving 10084 subjects were retrieved from PubMed, Web of
Science and AlzGene. Meta-analysis results showed that R219K polymorphism was significantly associated
with a decreased risk of AD in Chinese under a recessive model (OR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.51-
0.88; P = 0.004).

Conclusion:

The present meta-analysis indicated that the KK genotype of R219K polymorphism may
act as a protective factor for AD in the Chinese population. Additional studies with larger sample sizes
are needed to further confirm this association.
Effect of Maxillary Expansion Treatment Protocols On Maxillary Sinus Volume, Pharyngeal Airway Volume, and Hyoid Bone Position: A Prospective, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study
Authors: Shetty Nirali , Nambiar Supriya , Desai Asavari , Ahmed Junaid
Published: November 2022

Aim:

This study aimed to investigate the changes in maxillary sinus volume, pharyngeal airway volume, and hyoid bone position in patients treated with Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) and Alternate Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Constriction (AltRaMEC) – Facemask therapy and compare between the groups.

Materials and Methods:

The records of 15 patients between the age group of 8-14 years with Class I and Class III malocclusion were collected, and the patients were assigned into two groups. The first group comprised of 8patients (4 girls and 4 boys) who were treated with Rapid Maxillary Expansion. The second group comprised 7 patients (5 boys and 2 girls) treated with expansion devices using Alt-RaMEC protocol followed by maxillary protraction using a facemask. Pre and post-treatment CBCT scans were obtained and analyzed for changes in the pharyngeal airway, maxillary sinus volume, and hyoid bone position. The maxillary sinus volume was calculated in 3 dimensions by measuring the craniocaudal height, anteroposterior depth, and mediolateral width. Measurements were taken before and after the procedure to compare the groups and between the groups. The data were analyzed using Paired t-test and an Independent t-test.

Results:

In the RME group, a significant increase in the total maxillary sinus volume (mean difference = 520±576.57mm3), especially in the craniocaudal height, was seen, but no changes were noted in the pharyngeal airway and hyoid position. The AltRAMEC group showed a statistically significant increase in the maxillary sinus volume (anteroposteriorly) and nasopharyngeal volume with a p-value <0.005. Comparing the maxillary sinus volume changes in RME and AltRAMEC groups showed a statistically significant increase in the volume of the maxillary sinuses in both groups, significantly higher in the RME group.

Conclusion:

RME and AltRAMEC protocol followed by facemask therapy caused a significant increase in the maxillary sinus volume, while no changes were noted in the nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and hyoid bone position. While comparing the treatment effects between the groups, RME showed a greater increase in maxillary sinus volume (p < 0.05), specifically in the anteroposterior dimension. Since there are no changes in airway volume and hyoid position with the skeletal expansion protocols, there will be no difference in nasal resistance to airflow.
Resveratrol Treatment-induced Nuclear HMGB1 Retention is Critical for
Inducing Host Interferon Responses Against Zika Virus
Authors: Chin Kim-Ling , Zainal Nurhafiza , Sam Sing-Sin , Abu Bakar Sazaly
Published: November 2022

Background:

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a public health concern and currently
there is no specific therapeutic or approved vaccine. Resveratrol (RESV), a natural antiviral
compound, has been shown to possess antiviral properties against ZIKV and other viral infections,
but the mechanisms of action against ZIKV remain unknown.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the role of the high mobility group box 1 protein
(HMGB1) in the underlying anti-ZIKV mechanisms of RESV.

Methods:

HMGB1 protein expression and ZIKV replication in both the RESV-treated wildtype
(WT) and HMGB1-knockdown (shHMGB1) Huh7 cells were analyzed using ELISA,
immunofluorescence assay, immunoblot assay, focus-forming assay and qRT-PCR. HMGB1’s
role was explored by evaluating the changes in the type-1 interferon (IFN) response genes using
the qRT-PCR and immunoblot assays.

Results:

The treatment of the ZIKV-infected WT Huh7 cells with RESV significantly
reduced ZIKV titers by >90% (P < 0.001) at 48 and 72 hr pi in a dose-dependent manner and
inhibited ZIKV-induced HMGB1 translocation (P < 0.001), resulting in nuclear HMGB1 accumulation.
Compared to the WT Huh7 cells, shHMGB1 Huh7 cells without RESV treatment
showed a significant increase in the infectious virus titers and RNA with a maximum rise of
74% (P < 0.001) and 65% (P < 0.01), respectively. RESV treatment of the ZIKV-infected WT
Huh7 cells significantly increased the MxA (one of the classical interferon-stimulated genes,
ISGs) and IFN-β levels (P < 0.05). The treatment of the infected shHMGB1 Huh7 cells with
RESV showed a less effective antiviral response (P > 0.05) and did not cause changes in the
expressions of MxA and IFN-β.

Conclusion:

RESV possesses therapeutic activity against ZIKV infection and the mechanism
of action is mainly attributed to HMGB1 nuclear retention, which could upregulate the type-1
IFN and ISGs.
Diseño de un programa de seguimiento de poblaciones de cánidos silvestres en ambientes esteparios de la Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Travaini A. , Zapata S.C. , Zoratti C. , Soria G. , Escobar F. , Aguilera G. , Collavino P.
Published: November 2022

La gestión de la fauna silvestre debe basarse en sólida información de base. Ello incluye el seguimiento de poblaciones para ayudar a mantenerlas en tamaños próximos a aquellos previamente fijados. El desarrollo de programas de seguimiento requiere de una considerable planificación y evaluación estadística antes de su implementación. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue desarrollar un programa de seguimiento para dos especies de cánidos silvestres en Patagonia: el zorro colorado (Pseudalopex culpaeus) y el zorro gris (P. griseus). Tratamos de averiguar, utilizando el programa MONITOR, cual debería ser el esfuerzo de muestreo anual para detectar una disminución del 50% de la población actual en los próximos 5 años (esto es una tasa anual de –12,94%), o en los próximos 10 años (una tasa anual de –6.70%), satisfaciendo una potencia mínima del 80%. El trabajo de campo se realizó en el área protegida “Monumento Natural Bosques Petrificados”, Provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. Como estimador de la abundancia de los zorros se utilizaron las visitas a líneas de estaciones de cebado. El costo ambiental de cometer un error de Tipo II es mayor que el de cometer uno de Tipo I, por lo que utilizamosalternativamente tres niveles de α: 0.05, 0.10 y 0.15. Probamos también un esfuerzo de muestreo (número de líneas de estaciones de cebado) creciente, activándolas una, dos y hasta tres veces por año. Como valores iniciales para alimentar el programa MONITOR utilizamos la media y desviación estándar del índice de visita a cada una de las 20 líneas que se instalaron en el área de estudio. Para detectar una disminución del 50% en cinco años cualquier programa de seguimiento poblacional deberá basarse al menos en dos repeticiones anuales de las estaciones de cebado. Un programa de seguimiento accesible a las disponibilidades del área protegida sería aquel diseñado para detectar una disminución del 50% en diez años (-6.7% anual), con un α de 0.10 y un esfuerzo de 16 líneas, activadas una vez por año y revisadas durante dos o tres noches consecutivas. Se proponen alternativas para utilizar solo la primer noche de muestreo, de forma que los resultados sean luego comparables con los de experiencias de estaciones de olor en otras regiones de la Patagonia. La puesta en marcha de programas como el aquí presentado servirán para la toma de decisiones a organizaciones encargadas de la gestión de la fauna silvestre, autorizando o prohibiendo extracciones destinadas al mercado peletero. Servirían también para conocer a tiempo incrementos poblacionales, permitiendo así tomar medidas preventivas tendentes a disminuir conflictos con la actividad ganadera.
Zunino, M. y A. Zullini. 2003. Biogeografía: La dimensión espacial de la Evolución. Fondo de Cultura Económica. México D.F. 359 p.
Authors: Llorente Bousquets Jorge
Published: November 2022

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Juan J. Morrone y Jorge Llorente Busquets (eds). 2003. Una perspectiva latinoamericana de la biogeografía. Las prensas de ciencias. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. México, D.F. 307pp
Authors: Pérez Ponce de León Gerardo
Published: November 2022

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La subfamilia Donaciinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) en México
Authors: Rodríguez-Mirón Geovanni M. , López-Pérez Sara
Published: November 2022

La subfamilia Donaciinae se caracteriza del resto de los crisomélidos porque sus larvas son acuáticas y los adultos semiacuáticos. En México se han registrado los géneros Donacia Fabricius, Neohaemonia Székessy y Plateumaris Thomson. El estudio de esta subfamilia en México es limitado, por lo que en el presente trabajo se presenta una clave para los géneros distribuidos en el país y una diagnosis e ilustraciones de las especies con el objetivo de proveer una herramienta que facilite la identificación de los Donaciinae mexicanos que pudieran encontrarse en colecciones o en material de recientes colectas, y así incrementar el conocimiento taxonómico y ecológico de esta subfamilia. Se reporta a Neohaemonia flohri (Jacoby) por primera vez en Tlaxcala.
Morfotipos ectomicorrícicos en retención estructural variable de Pinus patula Schltdl et Cham.
Authors: Soto-Gil Ana Lucila , Velázquez-Martínez Alejandro , Pérez-Moreno Jesús , Fierros-González Aurelio Manuel , Martínez-Reyes Magdalena
Published: November 2022

Una de las especies forestales más utilizadas para aprovechamientos maderables es Pinus patula. Actualmente esta especie se encuentra bajo manejo forestal en los bosques del norte del estado de Puebla y en algunas localidades se aplican cortas de regeneración totales. Esta especie, como todos los pinos, depende para su supervivencia de las ectomicorrizas, dada la importancia ecofisiológica de dicha simbiosis. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de cortas de regeneración totales sobre la estructura de comunidades ectomicorrízicas comparada con áreas de retención estructural variable de un bosque de P. patula en Chignahuapan, Puebla. Se seleccionaron nueve árboles dentro de las zonas de interés para obtener muestras de suelo y poder extraer los morfotipos ectomicorrizados, para realizar una caracterización morfológica y anatómica. En total se contabilizaron 3137 raíces ectomicorrizadas, dentro de las que se reconocieron 33 morfotipos distintos. Cuatro de ellos dominaron más de 50% de la abundancia relativa total, entre ellos Cenococcum geophilum. Existió un efecto negativo en la diversidad de morfotipos entre los rodales con manejo forestal en comparación con las áreas de retención. Finalmente, es posible establecer que el aprovechamiento forestal con la técnica de cortas de regeneración totales tiene un impacto negativo en la diversidad de ectomicorrizas; sin embargo, el mantenimiento de áreas de retención puede reducir dicho impacto y contribuir al restablecimiento de la diversidad de comunidades ectomicorrícicas a lo largo del tiempo, al ser un reservorio genético diverso de dichas comunidades.