bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Atomic Structure in Solid by Using the X-ray Diffraction
Authors: WON Sung Ok , KIM Sung-Chul , LEE Byeong-Hyeon
Published: August 2023

In solid-state physics research, the spacing and arrangement of atoms play a crucial role in determining the properties of solids. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the structural characteristics in order to understand new physical phenomena within solids. X-ray characterization is considered a highly important technique in the field of material characterization, as it provides information about atomic-scale features. In Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), extensive researches are conducted on the structural characteristics of various materials and the corresponding physical phenomena. To efficiently operate, manage, and further develop advanced analytical methods, the centralized X-ray characterization instrument facility was established in the Analysis and Data Center at KIST in January 2013, named ‘X-ray Open Lab.’ In this special issue, we would like to introduce X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and their principle, which is the most widely utilized analysis equipment among the analytical instruments available at the X-ray Open Lab.
Overview of Transmission Electron Microscopy and Analytical Techniques
Authors: KIM Gyeung-Ho
Published: August 2023

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and related analytical techniques play crucial role in advancing nanotechnology by providing atomic scale images with simultaneous structural and chemical information originating from multitude of interactions between high energy electrons and atoms of interest. In this short review, various aspects of TEM are explained, from instrumentation, operating principles, typical application examples to recent developments in resolution improvements and performances.
Recycling of eps foam and demolition wastes in the preparation of ecofriendly render mortars with thermal-acoustic insulation properties
Authors: Acevedo-Sánchez C.D. , Villaquirán-Caicedo M.A. , Marmolejo-Rebellón L.F.
Published: August 2023

The design of render-mortars from construction and demolition waste (CDW) was evaluated. Fine aggregates from red-clay-brick waste, mortar and concrete waste were used, together with recycled expanded-polystyrene (EPS) as lightweight filler. Mixes composed of 70%-recycled aggregates, and 30% consisting of a matrix of Portland cement were produced. Characterization tests were conducted on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties. The render-mortar A4, A7 and A9 can be classified according to compressive strength results as CSI-W0 for interior use under standard UNE-EN-998-1. The A7 mortar, with the best physical and mechanical results, contained 21% EPS, 17.5% brick waste and 17.5% mortar waste. Mix A4 obtained the lowest thermal conductivity, 0.12 W/m·K - a reduction of 79% compared to the commercial-mortar AC1. The acoustic absorption properties were also enhanced by the incorporation of EPS, such that the A4, A7, and A9 mixes were identified as Absorbent for the frequencies of 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz.
A Network Intrusion Detection Approach Using Extreme Gradient Boosting with Max-Depth Optimization and Feature Selection
Authors: Hassan Ghassan Muslim , Gumaei Abdu , Alanazi Abed , M. Alzanin Samah
Published: August 2023

Network intrusion detection system (NIDS) has become a vital tool to protect information anddetect attacks in computer networks. The performance of NIDSs can be evaluated by the numberof detected attacks and false alarm rates. Machine learning (ML) methods are commonly usedfor developing intrusion detection systems and combating the rapid evolution in the pattern ofattacks. Although there are several methods proposed in the state-of-the-art, the development ofthe most effective method is still of research interest and needs to be developed. In this paper,we develop an optimized approach using an extreme gradient boosting (XGB) classifier withcorrelation-based feature selection for accurate intrusion detection systems. We adopt the XGBclassifier in the proposed approach because it can bring down both variance and bias and hasseveral advantages such as parallelization, regularization, sparsity awareness hardware optimization,and tree pruning. The XGB uses the max-depth parameter as a specified criterion toprune the trees and improve the performance significantly. The proposed approach selects thebest value of the max-depth parameter through an exhaustive search optimization algorithm.We evaluate the approach on the UNSW-NB15 dataset that imitates the modern-day attacks ofnetwork traffic. The experimental results show the ability of the proposed approach to classifyingthe type of attacks and normal traffic with high accuracy results compared with the currentstate-of-the-art work on the same dataset with the same partitioning ratio of the test set.
Evaluation of a Mobile Application for Cognitive Training in Healthy Adults
Authors: Giannopoulou Panagiota , Vlamos Panayiotis , Papalaskari Mary-Angela
Published: August 2023

In the face of the increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders and the lack ofeffective treatments, there is growing interest in non-pharmacological approaches forcognitive decline. Mobile applications have emerged as a promising tool for detecting cognitivedisorders, providing patient training, and enhancing cognitive performance. However,the availability of applications that integrate comprehensive cognitive training, memorydeficit analysis, and cognitive status monitoring across various domains for the adult populationremains limited. To address this gap, the Rodi application was developed and piloted with24 adults. The usability, usefulness, viability, and efficacy of the app were evaluated, alongwith its preliminary effectiveness. The results indicated high ratings for usability (4.53/5.00),usefulness (4.63/5.00), viability (4.5/5.00), and efficacy (4.08/5.00). Moreover, aligned withprevious research, the present study yielded findings indicating that younger participantsachieved significantly higher scores and completed cognitive tasks in shorter times as comparedto their older counterparts. Finally, the results of the current study findings underscorethe potential of the RODI application to enhance cognitive abilities in a user-friendly andfamiliar setting. However, further large-scale evaluations are necessary to validate the app’seffectiveness and assess its broader impact.40865:With so many online information sources in recent years, it has become increasingly difficultto determine if the content is based on facts, half-truths, or lies. As a result, the goal of thisresearch is to propose a serious game design for learning to evaluate sources using the CRAAPtest. In the game, players take on the role of librarians who must evaluate news from socialmedia and newspapers, determine whether it is fake or true, and then inform the people ofthe city. During their efforts to make the correct decision, the players are able to observe andlearn about the impact of fake news on the community and the city as a result of their decisions.To evaluate the game, we did a randomized online field study, including quantitativeresearch based on pre-posttests involving 351 participants. The results revealed that using aserious game of “How to Spot Fake News” can improve the knowledge of information literacyneeded to evaluate online sources of information. Finally, we provide preliminary evidencethat gaming improves people’s ability to recognize and resist misinformation.
Henri Bergson’s complete mysticism and Kitaro Nishida’s energetism: a case of common intuition
Authors: Campo Alessandra
Published: August 2023

This article discusses the affinity between Henri Bergson’s complete mysticism in The Two Sources of Morality and Religion and Kitaro Nishida’s energetistm in An Inquiry into the Good. Complete mysticism is action rather than contemplation, and energetism is the ethics centred on an action which is very similar to the one which is at stake in Bergson’s completed mysticism. Moreover, both energetism and complete mysticism are experiences of freedom. The principle of the universe (Bergson’s élan; Nishida’s ri) is the same as the self’s and intuition is the way to enjoy it.
Integration of Electronic Learning in the Educational Process as a Veritable Tool for Sustainable Inclusion Learning
Authors: Onwubiko Emmanuel Chidiadi
Published: August 2023

The integration of technology in the classroom is viewed as an important strategy to increase the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process. Teachers are encouraged to integrate technology into their instructional practices, as ICT is believed to have the potential to revolutionize an outmoded educational system. This chapter therefore is an overview of the integration of e-learning in the educational process as a veritable tool for sustainable inclusion learning. It specifically discussed inclusion education as a concept, e-learning system, its' importance to education, teachers, and students as well as e-learning as a veritable tool for sustainable inclusion learning. The chapter also made some recommendations for effective and functional application of e-leaning for sustainable inclusion learning.
Educational Technology as a Pathway to Foster Inclusion and Equity in Music Education
Authors: Mygdanis Yannis
Published: August 2023

Emerging technologies and digital media are continually transforming the ways people interact with music and augment the ways of music expression, creation, learning, and education. Children of today's era grow up in a digital environment that shapes their musical preferences and experiences, contributing to new kinds of musical literacies. As digital natives, they have acquired diverse musical stimuli compared to their parents and teachers, which they expect to engage with them. In this context, the role of digital technology in music classes can play a fundamental role in enhancing participation and forming inclusive music teaching-learning environments. Besides, the incorporation of technology from an educational perspective gives opportunities for cultivating equity and eliminating barriers to musical learning. The aim of this chapter is to encourage a new approach to music education that integrates educational technology to promote inclusion in music teaching and learning.
Student Perceptions of Remote Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Carvalho Piedade
Published: August 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic forced some higher education institutions (HEIs) in Portugal to implement remote learning for the first time. In the HEI under study, neither teachers nor students had any previous experience with this type of teaching. Thus, it became important to identify their perceptions about this type of teaching. Thus, after the confinement period, an online survey was carried out with the students of a computer course, and the data were analysed with routine statistical software. In the 42 responses obtained, students reported that the teaching method most used by teachers was videoconferencing (93%), followed by videos of classes (55%) and teamwork (41%). The use of these methods was considered to have little impact on students' performance (48%), with the majority (69%) reporting no impact on their social involvement. It was curious to note that, despite considering that both teaching modalities have advantages and disadvantages, they prefer face-to-face classes.
The Impact of Attitude Towards Online Shopping in Strengthening the Relationship Between Online Shopping Experience and E-Customer Engagement
Authors: Al-Khateeb Bilal Ahmad Ali , Jaoua Fakher Moncef , Mohamed Elsayed Sobhy Ahmed
Published: August 2023

In the last few years, it is clear that changes in technologies have altered the ways people shop across the globe, particularly through the Internet. Online shopping experience represents one of these ways, presenting opportunities for people to shop online. However, online store owners are quite concerned about how online shopping experiences seem to influence customer attitudes. In this regard, this research investigates the relationships between the online shopping experience, the attitude towards online shopping, and e-customer engagement. A survey questionnaire was distributed to 342 online customers shopping in Saudi Arabia, through Google form survey procedure. The application of SPSS, and structural equation methods shows two results. On the one hand, providing a positive online shopping experience leads to cultivating a favorable attitude toward online purchasing, and consequently improving e-customer engagement. Gender, on the other hand, has no effect on the impact of online buying experience, and attitude towards online shopping on e-customer engagement.
What Do Students Think of Mobile Chemistry Games?
Authors: Garcia Manuel B. , Barrientos Rodell C.
Published: August 2023

The impact of digital games on chemistry education has received less attention compared to other scientific fields. This research gap resulted in a limited understanding of how to effectively design mobile chemistry games (MCG) distinct from non-science mobile learning games (MLG). This study aims to explore students' attitudes toward MCG and gather their opinions on the game components using a mixed-methods research design. A total of 698 students from urban universities, categorized into technology, chemistry, and education cohorts based on their academic majors, participated to provide diverse perspectives. The results revealed significant disparities in gameplay experience, particularly in competence and relatedness, between MLG and MCG. Students' educational background significantly influenced their confidence and leisure levels. Concerningly, students exhibited a negative attitude towards MCG. The study provides game developers with a guideline for developing MCG and offers chemistry teachers a framework for selecting appropriate MLG in the context of chemistry education.
Association of vitamin D levels with severity and outcome of COVID-19 infection among inward patients at a tertiary care unit in Sri Lanka
Authors: Mayurathan P. , Francis G. R. , Francis V. R. , Majitha S. I. , Sanjeev R. , Vivekanandan S. , Santharooban S. , Nishantha W. M. U. , Peries M. M. N. , Safran A. S. M. , Shiyananth S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: A link between vitamin D and COVID-19 infection has been expressed by many experts. In this study, we aim to investigate the association of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency with the severity and outcome of COVID-19 infection in patients who are admitted to Teaching Hospital Batticaloa, Sri Lanka.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among COVID-19 patients over a period of one month in May 2021. All patients who tested positive for COVID-19 were included. Patients with chronic kidney disease, known vitamin D deficiency, and patients on vitamin D supplements were excluded from the study. The vitamin D deficiency was defined according to the Oxford Academic Endocrine Society guidelines. The severity of the COVID-19 was defined according to the Provisional Clinical Practice Guidelines on COVID-19 suspected and confirmed patients. Primary endpoints of this study were 'recovered from COVID-19' or 'death'. Data was analysed to report the proportion of patients with different vitamin D levels and disease severity. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to analyse the results. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Out of 141, 58% were males. Mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 were observed in 29.8%, 48.2%, and 22.0% of patients respectively. Only 30.5% of the population had normal vitamin D levels while the rest had some degree of vitamin D insufficiency. None of the patient population had severe vitamin D deficiency status. A 52.9% in the moderate category of COVID-19 severity had insufficient levels of vitamin D levels. Those that recovered from COVID-19 were 93.6%. No significant association was observed between the severity of COVID-19 and vitamin D deficiency (p=.1041 ). Interestingly hypoxia was significantly prevalent among those with normal vitamin D levels (p=.0005). vitamin D deficiency does not impact the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients (p=.6559).
Conclusions: The association of vitamin D levels with COVID-19 severity and mortality was not statistically significant.
An Assessment of Electronic Information Searching Trend of Medical Postgraduate Trainees at Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo
Authors: Sritharan T.
Published: August 2023

The present electronic era is significant for all types of libraries with regard to their electronic information services. The Library of Postgraduate Institute of Medicine (PGIM), University of Colombo provides enormous services to the medical professionals in Sri Lanka. Annually a considerable amount of money is allocated to PGIM to purchase electronic health information resources. Anyhow it was observed that most often many postgraduate medical trainees who are engaged in medical postgraduate training have expressed their dissatisfaction over the inaccessibility of electronic information resources of the library of PGIM, University of Colombo. Therefore, this study assesses the information searching trend of medical postgraduate trainees in an electronic environment. Total number of 815 medical postgraduate trainees, from 32 medical specialties was selected as the study population. Sample was proportionately selected among these specialties. Using Lwanga and Lemeshow (1991) method 427 trainees were selected as study sample and the response rate was 89% (380). Collected data was analyzed using SPSS ver. 23. According to the findings, the electronic environment has created a positive hope in the information seeking trend and training sessions to enhance information literacy was highly appreciated by the trainees as a means of improving the digital information literacy skill, and to downsize their ability to access the appropriate resources and to save their time. Further, the topmost information need was for exam preparation. HINARI and PUBMED were the widely used electronic resources by the majority of trainees. Most of the trainees did not attend the orientations or workshops conducted by PGIM and a major reason for not participating was that time has not been allocated for orientations. Study concluded that availability of electronic information resources was directly affecting the information searching trend of trainees following postgraduate medical education. This study recommends that the library of the PGIM should provide more digital resources, proper training on digital information literacy skills and efficient Internet services in the library.
Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profile of Whole-dried and Minced-dried Fish Discards (Leiognathus sp.) from Shrimp Trawl Fishery in Jaffna, Sri Lanka
Authors: Saruga K. , Sivashanthini K. , Olsen L.
Published: August 2023

The by-catch and discards from shrimp trawl fishery have increased during the last few years. Leiognathus sp. is one of the most discarded fish species in the shrimp trawling fishery in Jaffna, Sri Lanka.  Lack of information was found regarding the nutrient composition of Leiognathus sp. and therefore the present study was carried out to assess the presence of amino acids and fatty acids in whole-dried and mince-dried fish which are beneficial for human health. The total sum of amino acids was estimated to be 229.8 and 174.4 mg/g raw protein percentages in whole-dried fish and minced-dried fish, respectively. The protein content of fish is mainly explained by the sum of the total amino acids identified. The total lipid was 5.5% and 7.3% in whole-dried fish and minced-dried fish, respectively. Proline and glycine were found to be the abundant amino acids in both whole-dried and minced-dried fish. A total of 13 fatty acids in whole-dried fish and 14 fatty acids in minced-dried fish were identified in the present study. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to be one of the highly abundant compounds in this fish and docosahexaenoic acid is also considerably higher in amount. In the sense of higher availability of protein, storage of whole-dried fish will be a better option than minced-dried fish. Drying is one of the best and easiest methods to preserve this fish and dried fish products could be supplied to the local population at a low cost to overcome the nutrient deficiency among them.  Alternatively, utilizing these bycatch fish is an effective method to reduce marine pollution as well.
Lepidopteran fauna of Mandaitivu Mangrove Ecosystem, Jaffna, Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijewantha G. W. A. L. K. , Gnaneswaran R.
Published: August 2023

The mangrove forests, which support the survival of both terrestrial and aquatic inhabitants, are considered some of the most productive ecosystems. Mangrove faunal diversity is well known for the vertebrates and invertebrates but is poorly known for insects. Mangroves and insects have strong relationships in which mangroves provide a suitable habitat for insect habitation. In contrast, the feeding activities of insects contribute to the litter detritus formation and sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem. They connect mangroves with adjoined terrestrial and marine ecosystems by their eco-services such as pollination, herbivory, predation, and being food for other predators. Lepidopterans, consisting of moths and butterflies, are the most widely recognized insects as indicators of the ecosystem's health and are considered in conservation strategies. As the information on the Lepidopteran fauna of mangrove has not been revealed in Sri Lanka, this study was performed to explore the diversity of butterflies and moths in the Mandaitivu mangrove ecosystem from August 2019 to March 2020 located in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. True mangrove species such as Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata, Ceriops tagal and Pemphis acidula  are distributed as patches around this island. Adult as well as larval stages of butterflies and moths were collected from two different locations based on the abundance of the mangrove vegetation at the west and south border of the Mandaitivu Island through sweep netting and hand-picking methods. They were then identified based on their morphological characteristics. A total of 13 butterfly species, belonging to four families, and 6 moth species, belonging to three families were recorded. The highest species composition was recorded from Avicennia marina than Rhizophora mucronata which has fewer insects probably due to the thickness of their leaves. The plain tiger (Danaus chrysippus) was the most common and abundant butterfly followed by Mottled Emigrant (Catopsilia pyranthe) and the Small Salmon Arab (Colotis amata). The Yellow Pansy (Junonia hierta), the critically endangered (CR) species was also found. The other twelve species are listed as least concerned (LC) nationally. All the moth species recorded are listed as not assessed as per the IUCN red list. These results confirm that further extensive surveys in the Mandaitivu mangrove ecosystem will expose more diverse assemblages of lepidopterans that can be utilized in threat assessment and conservation strategy planning.
Disease in the Pld4thss/thss Model of Murine Lupus Requires TLR9
Authors: Gavin Amanda L , Blane Tanya R , Thinnes Therese C , Gerlt Emma , Marshak-Rothstein Ann , Huang Deli , Nemazee David
Published: August 2023

Phospholipase D4 (PLD4) is an endolysosomal exonuclease of ssRNA and ssDNA, rather than a phospholipase as its name suggests. Human polymorphisms in the PLD4 gene have been linked by genome-wide association studies to systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. However, B6.129 Pld4−/− mice develop features of a distinct disease, macrophage activation syndrome, which is reversed in mice mutated in TLR9. In this article, we compare a Pld4 null mutant identified on the BALB/c background, Pld4thss/thss, which has distinct phenotypes: short stature, thin hair, and features of systemic lupus erythematosus. All phenotypes analyzed were largely normalized in Pld4thss/thssTlr9−/− mice. Thus, Pld4thss/thss represents a rare model in which mouse lupus etiology is TLR9 dependent. Compared with PLD4-deficient B6 mice, Pld4thss/thss mice had elevated levels of serum IgG, IgG anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, BAFF, and IFN-γ and elevated B cell numbers. Overall, the data suggest that PLD4 deficiency can lead to a diverse array of rheumatological abnormalities depending upon background-modifying genes, and that these diseases of PLD4 deficiency are largely driven by TLR9 recognition of ssDNA.
Pityriasis following COVID-19 vaccinations: a systematic review
Authors: Duzett Laura , Mercado Guadalupe , Tasouli-Drakou Vasiliki , Kane Alicia , Tam Alison
Published: August 2023

In the wake of a global COVID-19 pandemic, where innovations in vaccination technology and the speed of development and distribution have been unprecedented, a wide variety of post-vaccination cutaneous reactions have surfaced. However, there has not been a systematic review that investigates pityriasis eruptions and the associated variants following COVID-19 inoculations. A PubMed search using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was performed to find case reports from the earliest record through November 2022. Data including types of vaccination and pityriasis were extracted and a quality review was performed. 47 reports with 94 patients were found: 64.9% had pityriasis rosea (PR), 3.2% PR-like eruptions, 16.0% pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP), 7.4% pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA), 3.2% pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC), and 5.3% had reactions described as “atypical”. The top three COVID-19 vaccinations reported were Pfizer-BioNTech (47.9%), Oxford-AstraZeneca (11.7%), and Moderna (8.5%). Pityriasis reactivity was reported most frequently after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination, with pityriasis rosea being the most common variant. A large difference was additionally found between the ratio of post-vaccination pityriasis reactions following Pfizer and Moderna vaccinations (5.63), and the ratio of Pfizer’s usage in the United States as of December 28, 2022 relative to that of Moderna (1.59). Further studies with adequate follow-up periods and diagnostic testing will thus need to be performed to elucidate the root of this discrepancy and better characterize the association between different pityriasis reactions and COVID-19 vaccinations.
Prevalence and risk factors for disability in leprosy patients in Indonesia during the post-elimination era
Authors: Samosir Paula M. , Axelia Presstisa Gifta , Alkaff Firas F. , Salamah Sovia , Alinda Medhi Denisa
Published: August 2023

Leprosy has been nationally eliminated in Indonesia, but it continues to be a public health problem, with disability contributing to the disease burden. Disability caused by leprosy often results in stigmatization, leading to decreased quality of life. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using secondary data from primary healthcare centers in one of the districts in the region with the highest number of leprosy patients in Indonesia. All leprosy patients between 2016-2022 were included. Among 189 leprosy patients (mean age 46 years old, 65,6% male), 19% had grade 1 disability and 29.6% had grade 2 disability. Duration of disease, nerve enlargements, leprosy reactions, and symmetric lesions were identified as risk factors for both grade 1 and 2 disability. Being male and having a positive smear test was associated with a higher risk of only grade 2 disability. Disability due to leprosy is still prevalent in the post-elimination era despite the decline in new leprosy cases. Improvement in early case detection and prevention of disability are still needed in the post-elimination era.
Septic embolism due to periorbital cellulitis caused by pimple drainage
Authors: Restrepo Vanegas Luis Carlos , Rojas Urrea Alejandro , Corredor Torres Juan Manuel , García Agudelo Lorena , Avellaneda Curcho Luis Carlos
Published: August 2023

At some point in everyone’s life homemade pimple drainage has been part of the routine, especially in the early years of adult life and teenagers’ days. However, pimple drainage has its special considerations as a mild medical procedure most of the time, even more in patients with serious skin diseases. Even when it is rare to see these kinds of clinical cases in daily medical practice, here we present the case of a 22 years-old female who made (as usual) a home pimple drainage that ended up in periorbital cellulitis and septic embolism. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and appropriate management of periorbital cellulitis to prevent the development of septic embolism.
Editorial Vol 71 (2014)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Editorial Vol 72 (2015)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Robert Carl-Heinz Shell (1949-2015) ~ A tribute ~
Authors: Hughes Kenneth R.
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Biometric state: The global politics of identification and surveillance in South Africa, 1850 to the present
Authors: Chetty Suryakanthie
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
The concentration camps of the Anglo-Boer War: A social history
Authors: Hlongwane Charmaine
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Dutch contexts of Cape burgher protests
Authors: Baartman Teun
Published: August 2023

This article seeks to emphasise the notion that the Cape settlement of the VOC period needs to be studied within the context of the Dutch world and not in isolation. In recent research, empires are seen more as a collection of nodes than structures of a centre with peripheries. Each node can be part of several networks, which contribute to the shaping of that node. When applied to the Cape settlement this concept makes a valuable contribution to our understanding of Cape society and its residents. The Cape was a complex society in which several different groups lived together. Each of these experienced their environment in another manner influenced by the networks they were part of, and each of these made their own contribution to the shaping of the Cape settlement. This article focuses on the burgher group and especially those burghers from the middle and upper layers. These burghers were the ones who were mostly exposed to the many connections of the Cape with the Netherlands through for instance religion, education, enterprise, the justice system, and travel. As a result, they came to regard themselves as burghers of the United Netherlands who were entitled to all the rights and privileges of that status. The VOC administration did not agree and argued that all were subjects of the Company. The position on both sides of the conflict needs to be referenced to the larger framework of the Dutch world. As such this clash is a practical example of how the Cape during the Dutch period can only really be understood as part of a larger context which shows that the Cape, although perhaps unique and atypical, ultimately was part and parcel of the Dutch trading empire and its networks.
From protest to challenge: A documentary history of African politics in South Africa 1882-1990, Vol. 1, Protest and hope, 1882-1934
Authors: Samson Anne
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
An update on South Africa’s political risk profile in 2015/6
Authors: Neethling Theo
Published: August 2023

In 2015, South Africa has dropped out of the Kearney Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index for the first time since its inception in 1998. Although many resource companies have diverted their investments away from emerging markets in 2014, South Africa also had perception issues driven by lower growth and rating downgrades by the leading international rating agencies. The question arises whether political, economic and social conditions in South Africa are currently posing greater political risk for potential investment than during the 1990s to mid-2000s. This calls for a fresh assessment of relevant indicators or variables in the South African context. In other words, what is needed is an analysis of relevant political risk indicators that are based on a sound intellectual tradition and practical logic. Against this background, this study is an attempt to revisit and analyse current political risk in South Africa on the basis of a selected set of indicators or variables that are commonly and internationally used in risk analysis frameworks.
Mandela’s kinsmen nationalist elites and apartheid’s first Bantustan
Authors: Leta Tumishang L.
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Economic remittances from employment in the Second World War and family conflicts, Swaziland, 1941-1950
Authors: Simelane Hamilton S.
Published: August 2023

Swaziland was connected to the Allied conduct of the Second World War through colonial ties and about four thousand Swazi men were recruited to serve in the war. Historians are beginning to analyse the different ways in which Swazi society was shaped and probably changed by the events of the war. However, no research has been conducted to show how Swazi civilians were affected by the events of the war and how they responded. This article contributes toward closing this research gap by interrogating the negative impact of economic remittances on family relation. The article focuses on family conflicts that surrounded authority over remittances at family level and how the remittances were utilized. Much as there are positive impacts of remittances from war service, they do not form part of the subject of the article. The article argues that remittances from employment in the Second World War negatively affected Swazi families as it resulted in conflicts that left families divided for a long time or permanently. This argument integrates a neglected angle of the impact of the war on Swazi society. While the argument of the article is built around remittances from employment in the Second World War, it is contextualized within the broader literature on the impact of remittances. The research methodologies employed for data collection are archival and qualitative.
Climate change and the course of Global History
Authors: Chetty Suryakanthie
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
491 Days: Prison number 1323/69
Authors: Moore Nadine
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
All the way to an Independent Namibia
Authors: Dedering Tilman
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Swanesang: Die einde van die kompanjietyd aan die Kaap, 1771-1795
Authors: Klee Juan
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
West Africa before the colonial era. A history to 1850
Authors: Ntloedibe France N.
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
The founding of the Marloth Nature Reserve: A historic example of collaborative conservation
Authors: Bredenkamp Izette
Published: August 2023

During the 1970s collaborative conservation between management bodies and citizens became a field of academic interest. It is globally practised today and implies consensus-based decision-making, often with a special emphasis on conflict resolution. Although collaborative conservation is a contemporary academic field, the history of the Marloth Nature Reserve, located in the Langeberg Mountains near Swellendam in the southern Cape, serves as a historic example of collaborative conservation. Created in 1928, the reserve originally comprised approximately 123 ha. Today, it is a World Heritage Site, 14 256 ha in size, with an abundance of mountain fynbos, birdlife and small wildlife. One of the most renowned national hiking trails, the Swellendam Circular Trail of 53 km, runs through the reserve. Although the determination of the original boundaries of the reserve in 1928 can be seen as a fairly successful example of collaborative conservation based on consensus decision-making, the inclusion of the foothills in 1942 resulted in a prolonged process of conflict resolution, with the main protagonists being the Department of Forestry and Ms Aletta Tomlinson, a life-long resident of Swellendam. This article gives an overview of this case study through the historic narrative, indicating how, through sheer persistence, Aletta Tomlinson eventually succeeded in procuring the foothills as part of the reserve and aided in securing the indigenous flora of the Marloth Nature Reserve as part of the Cape Floristic World Heritage Site.
The decline in mine migrancy and increase in informal labour migration from northern Malawi to South Africa, 1970s-1980s
Authors: Banda Harvey C.C.
Published: August 2023

International labour migration from Malawi to South Africa is more than a century old. Malawian migrants started going to, largely, South African mines around the 1870s and 1880s following the establishment of diamond and gold mines. This migration took two forms: formal migration to the mines and informal migration to different sectors of the economy. Formal migration, initially masterminded by the Witwatersrand Native Labour Association (WNLA) and later by The Employment Bureau of Africa (TEBA), declined in the 1970s and finally collapsed in the 1980s. This article critiques this decline in mine labour migrancy by analysing the developments in the 1970s and 1980s. Contrary to previous scholarship, the article centrally argues that the decline could be traced from as early as the 1960s and that the 1974 plane crash incident and the 1987 HIV wrangle between Malawi and South Africa merely brought mine migrancy to a grinding halt. The article largely uses archival and oral sources. On the use of the latter, interviews were conducted among migrants and ex-migrants from Mzimba and Nkhata-Bay, the two districts historically associated with labour migration to South Africa from northern Malawi.
Die Herero opstand, 1904-1907
Authors: Fokkens Andries M.
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Colonial administrators, indigenous leaders, and missionaries: Contesting the education of the Swazi child, 1921-1939
Authors: Simelane Hamilton S.
Published: August 2023

The study of Swazi historical affairs in the colonial period has remained patchy. The historian is confronted by numerous gaps that make it difficult to get a comprehensive view of the development of the history of the country during this period. One of the neglected subjects is the nature of the relations between indigenous rulers who were allowed to exercise some authority by the British policy of Indirect Rule, colonial administrators, and missionaries who promoted western education for Swazi children. This article interrogates such relations in the 1920s and 30s arguing that between 1928 and 1937 the education of Swazi children was intensely contested by groups whose main aim was power and control over the indigenous population. The article shows that indigenous leaders challenged western education as advanced by missionaries because it was viewed to be undermining the power and authority of the Swazi monarchy. Colonial administrators were part of the contest as they wanted an education system that would further the ends of British colonialism. For their part, the missionaries became part of the contest as they believed that western education was a good instrument for evangelization.
Portraits of Colonial Natal
Authors: Masola Athambile
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Méér as ’n kroniek van ’n rebellie - Slagtersnek en sy mense
Authors: Van Rensburg Christo
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Reformulating identity in post war Mozambique: Sexuality and initiation of women in the Pafuri Triangle
Authors: Connor Teresa K.
Published: August 2023

This paper explores the initiation of women – or Vukhomba – in Pafuri, Mozambique. As historical literature illustrates, this is an event that is linked to the repression and regulation of sexuality by colonialists, missionaries and independent state rule. However, the paper forwards the proposition that initiation and sexuality are crucial for the self-expression and authority of women, and that it is in fact, central to the way in which people re-orientate themselves after events of war and displacement. Sexuality is part of the allure of the Pafuri as a border region, particularly for residents in South Africa and Mozambique, who share common linkages with each other over international boundaries. The paper argues that Vukhomba is an important aspect of indigenous knowledge that is central to the way in which people manage disruption.
These oppressions won’t cease: The political thought of the Cape Khoesan, 1777-1879, An anthology
Authors: Fourie Johan
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Between drought and deluge: A history of water provision to Beaufort West, ca. 1858-1955
Authors: Visser Wessel
Published: August 2023

Beaufort West was the first rural town in South Africa to receive municipal status as early as 1837. Situated in the arid interior of the country, the town has struggled with water provision and sufficient water supplies since its inception to the present day. In addition, the town is flanked by two rivers, which, in times of high rainfall or cloudbursts in the catchment areas, have caused severe flood damage since earliest times. Therefore, throughout its history Beaufort West has been trapped periodically between drought and deluge. The municipal council was challenged in its efforts to provide water to the needs of its growing population. Two outstanding events in this regard were the extension of the colonial railways to the town in 1880 and the outbreak of the South African War in 1899. In this article the quest for water to Beaufort West’s inhabitants is investigated since ca. 1858 until the completion of the Gamka Dam (1955) in the Nieuweveld Mountains some kilometres from Beaufort West. Besides the extraction of potable water from springs, weirs, boreholes, water mains, dams and reservoirs, the paper also highlights state involvement and the collision of national with local interests in the water procurement process. Although the centenary publication of WGH Vivier and S Vivier in 1969 on Beaufort West highlighted some aspects of the town’s water infrastructure developments, this study focuses in more detail on its water vulnerability especially in time of drought and the constant search for adequate alternative water sources.
Metric results for numbers with multiple $q$-expansions
Authors: Baker Simon , Zou Yuru
Published: August 2023

Let

M

be a positive integer and

q\in (1, M+1]

. A

q

-expansion of a real number

x

is a sequence

(c_i)=c_1c_2\cdots

with

c_i\in \{0,1,\ldots, M\}

such that

x=\sum_{i=1}^{\infty}c_iq^{-i}

. In this paper we study the set

\mathcal{U}_q^j

consisting of those real numbers having exactly

j

q

-expansions. Our main result is that for Lebesgue almost every

q\in (q_{\mathrm{KL}}, M+1)

, we have

\dim_{H}{\mathcal{U}}_{q}^{j}\leq \max\{0, 2\dim_H{\mathcal{U}}_q-1\}\text{ for all } j\in\{2,3,\ldots\}.

Here

q_{\mathrm{KL}}

is the Komornik–Loreti constant. As a corollary of this result, we show that for any

j\in\{2,3,\ldots\}

, the function mapping

q

to

\dim_{H}{\mathcal{U}}_{q}^{j}

is not continuous.
Incidence and prevalence of gastric neuroendocrine tumors in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis
Authors: Massironi Sara , Gallo Camilla , Elvevi Alessandra , Stegagnini Marta , Coltro Lorenzo Andrea , Invernizzi Pietro
Published: August 2023

Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is defined as a specific cluster of colorectal cancers that develop as a result of prolonged colitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients with IBD, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are known to have an increased risk of developing CAC. Although the incidence of CAC has significantly decreased over the past few decades, individuals with CAC have increased mortality compared to individuals with sporadic colorectal cancer, and the incidence of CAC increases with duration. Chronic inflammation is generally recognized as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of CAC. CAC has been shown to progress from colitis to dysplasia and finally to carcinoma. Accumulating evidence suggests that multiple immune-mediated pathways, DNA damage pathways, and pathogens are involved in the pathogenesis of CAC. Over the past decade, there has been an increasing effort to develop clinical approaches that could help improve outcomes for CAC patients. Colonoscopic surveillance plays an important role in reducing the risk of advanced and interval cancers. It is generally recommended that CAC patients undergo endoscopic removal or colectomy. This review summarizes the current understanding of CAC, particularly its epidemiology, mechanisms, and management. It focuses on the mechanisms that contribute to the development of CAC, covering advances in genomics, immunology, and the microbiome; presents evidence for management strategies, including endoscopy and colectomy; and discusses new strategies to interfere with the process and development of CAC. These scientific findings will pave the way for the management of CAC in the near future.
Aluminum Beryllium, Preforms Hot Isostatic Pressed and Heat Treated 38Al - 62Be
Authors:   AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Published: August 2023

This specification covers aluminum-beryllium powders consolidated by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) into the form of bar, rod, tubing, and shapes.
Una visión del conocimiento de frontera estudios de la mujer en las ciencias económico-administrativas a través de la cienciometría
Authors: Zerón-Félix Mariana , Rubalcava-de León Cristian Alejandro , Mendoza-Cavazos Guillermo
Published: August 2023

La relación de estudios sobre la mujer en las ciencias económico-administrativas es un tema con creciente presencia en publicaciones científicas de alto impacto. Con ello y considerando la visibilidad que tiene la mujer en la Agenda 2030, se plantea como objetivo analizar la literatura sobre estudios relacionados con la mujer en las ciencias económico-administrativas para evaluar su progreso en la última década, mediante el uso de herramientas pertenecientes a la cienciometría. Se efectúa un análisis bibliométrico sobre un acervo compuesto por 1,902 artículos provenientes de la base de datos internacional Web of Science con la finalidad de representar la información de manera descriptiva y gráfica. Los resultados permiten evidenciar que las investigaciones que relacionan a la mujer dentro temas referentes a las ciencias económico-administrativas requieren crear nuevos paradigmas para poder lograr el empoderamiento femenino.
La Violencia laboral; un grave problema en los centros de trabajo
Authors: Palomo-Chávez José Israel , Castro-Guijarro José Ignacio , Ibarrarán-Rodríguez Teresa de Fátima
Published: August 2023

El presente artículo sobre la violencia laboral, muestra los resultados obtenidos de las evaluaciones para identificar y analizar los riesgos psicosociales de la guía de referencia II de la NOM-035-STPS-2018, implementadas en nueve centros de trabajo de diferentes giros, ubicados en diferentes ciudades de la República Mexicana. La obtención de resultados se realizó por medio de un software en línea programado con inteligencia de negocios en el que se parametrizó la guía anteriormente citada. Los resultados obtenidos nos demuestran que la violencia laboral es un problema recurrente en los centros de trabajo de nuestro país. El no prevenirla trae consecuencias graves de salud mental para los trabajadores, tales como: depresión, estrés laboral, ansiedad, baja autoestima, entre otros; ocasionando también, que exista un índice alto de rotación laboral en las organizaciones.