bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigations of the Effect of Parameters on the CR and SR during Al6063/SiC/Ti at WEDM
Authors: Khanna Rajesh , Sharma Neeraj , Gupta Rahul Dev
Published: November 2019

Wire electric discharge machine (WEDM) is a non-conventional machining process used to machine the hard to cut materials. WEDM has wide applications in die and punch industries, automobile, aerospace and medical industries. In this process the material is processed with the help of a wire electrode. In present work, Al6063/SiC/Ti composite was processed with the help of WEDM. As this spark-erosion machine tool have number of input process parameters, so to process any material it became mandatory to investigate the range of the machining parameters in which machine tool operate successfully. Every material represents its unique material characteristics due to which it can be machined successfully in a limited range of the parameters. Above and below this range the wire will break abruptly. So, in this present work an attempt has been made to investigate the range of the process parameters in which WEDM can process Al6063/SiC/Ti composite efficiently. The input parameters considered for the present work are pulse on-time, pulse off-time, servo voltage, peak current, wire feed and wire tension. After the experiments it was found that the pulse on-time, pulse off-time, servo voltage and wire-feed were the significant process parameters in the investigations of cutting rate and surface roughness.
Lean Manufacturing to Green Manufacturing: Practices and its Implementation in SME’s
Authors: Rishi J.P. , Srinivas T.R. , Ramachandra C.G. , Abhishek Abhishek
Published: November 2019

To be economical, enterprises confronting present intense and phenomenal worldwide business situations must plan and provide the best products and services and move forward their manufacturing maneuvers by typically utilizing Lean manufacturing practice. It is involved with converting materials into valued products by utilizing raw material to enhance productively and to maximize the benefit of an organization and minimize the waste. Green manufacturing is a strategy that reduces waste and contamination by the nonstop approach. This study points to examine the lean and green manufacturing concept and its integration in operation management. Operations management is a collective endeavor to adjust costs incurred with income to realize the most elevated networking benefit conceivable [1]. In this way, procedures of lean logic can play an incredible role. The present paper is a case study approach in the qualitative analysis of selected SMEs.
Static and Fatigue Analysis on a Wing Spar Joint for a Light Jet Aircraft Structure Using 2024 T351 Material
Authors: Pavan G. , Kishore N.
Published: November 2019

The main objective of this paper is to present prototype of wing spar joint using CATIA V5 software to study the behavior of wing spar joint as per actual working condition and to perform structural analysis of the wing spar joint based on condition of cyclic loading (fatigue loading). Determining the loading modes in the spar joint is subjected to static load and fatigue loads which should be taken into account in the evaluation of the strength and fatigue life. Initially, the components were modeled with CATIA V5 and imported to MSC PATRAN; MSC NASTRAN is used as a solver. From the obtained maximum tensile stresses, fatigue analysis was carried out to find fatigue life of the spar joint with different fatigue load spectra.
Characterization of Cobalt Based Microwave Clad Developed on SS-355
Authors: Hebbale Ajit M. , Srinath M.S.
Published: November 2019

In the present work a detailed microstructural investigation of Cobalt based microwave cladding on S-355 stainless steel was carried out. The experimentations were carried out in a home based domestic microwave oven. This article clears the circumstances of clad formation during microwave hybrid heating. The solidification texture and grain structure of the developed clad scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and measurement of Vicker’s microhardness. Cobalt based clads developed with an approximate thickness of 1 mm without interfacial cracking. The microstructure of clad clearly illustrated excellent metallurgical bond with S-355 substrate and found dominantly fine cellular grains. Iron and cobalt were recognized inside the cells while chromium was ascertained segregated around the cell boundaries. The average microhardness of the cobalt based clad was observed in the range of 402±60 HV.
Comparison of Controllers and Actuators Effect on Electro Hydrostatic Actuator
Authors: Kotagond Aravindkumar D. , Hiremath Somashekhar S. , Kamoji M.A.
Published: November 2019

Hydraulic actuators play a major role in aircraft flight actuation and control. Primary control systems in an aircraft typically control the components that guide an airplane during flight. Electro Hydrostatic Actuators (EHA) is emerging as a viable option for aerospace as well as industrial machine builders. It is an emerging technology which replaces centralized hydraulic system by a self-contained and localized direct drive actuator system. As most of the aircraft applications use symmetric actuator, Symmetric actuator EHA system configuration is considered in most of the literatures. However in case of many industrial applications, asymmetric actuators are being used. The dynamic response that means how fast an actuator reaches a target position is an important criteria for any application. An indigenous experimental setup of EHA system is developed with measuring instruments and sensors that forms a mechatronic system. The Variable Motor and Fixed Pump configuration of EHA is used for experimentation. In this work the load analysis is carried out on asymmetric and symmetric actuators. Similarly the load analysis is carried out on different controllers like Proportional Derivative (PD), Proportional Integral (PI) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) over the dynamic response as a output. It is found that symmetric actuator and PD controller gives better results.
Dry Sliding Wear Performance of Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomer Composites
Authors: Hemanth R. , Suresha Bheemappa , Sekar M.
Published: November 2019

This research work uncovers the wear performance of short glass fiber (SGF) fortified thermoplastic copolyester elastomer (TCE) hybrid composites loaded up with both micro (short carbon fibers, PTFE, SiC, Al2O3 and MoS2) and nano(Al2O3 and PFPE) sized particulate fillers. The readied hybrid composites are tested for tribological performance using pin-on-disc test rig. Test outcomes uncovered that TCE hybrid composite strengthened with SGF and loaded up with PTFE, SiC, Al2O3 and MoS2 displayed better wear resistance, however TCE hybrid composite loaded up with nanolubricating filler i.e. PFPE displayed slightest friction coefficient (μ) in the investigation. This study additionally archives the impact of tribological control factors such as sliding distance, sliding speed and filler content on tribological conduct of TCE composites in terms of specific wear rate (Ks) and μ.
Experimental Study on Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Al-B4C-Gr Metal Matrix Composite at Different Temperatures
Authors: Sharath B.N. , Madhu K.S. , Venkatesh C.V.
Published: November 2019

In the present scenario aluminium is an useful metal due its admirable properties such as light weight, low cost and excellent thermal conductivity.In order to take advantages of these properties aluminium is being used to make the metal matrix composites for tribological application, In this present investigation effort has been made to assess the wear properties of Al–B4C–Gr metal matrix composite at various temperatures such as 323° K, 373° K and 423° K. Al–B4C–Gr Hybrid metal matrix composites were fabricated by stir casting technique. The influence of parameters like load, speed, distance and temperature on the wear rate was investigated. A plan of experiments, based on Taguchi model with L27 orthogonal array and analysis of variance was employed to investigate the influence of process parameters on the wear behaviour of these hybrid metal matrix composites. The wear resistance increased with increasing temperature, but wear resistance decreased at higher loads. It was observed that the abrasive wear is dominates while sliding as observed by SEM analysis of worn out specimens.
Comparative Evaluation of Chest Tube Insertion Site Dressings: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wood Michelle D. , Powers Jan , Rechter Jennifer L.
Published: November 2019

Background

Little empirical evidence is available to guide decisions on what type of dressing to use and how often to change the dressing after placement of a thoracostomy tube.

Objectives

This prospective randomized controlled study was conducted to compare various dressing types and procedures after placement of thoracic and mediastinal chest tubes. Outcome measures included length of time between dressing changes, skin integrity, air leak presence, and patient-reported pain.

Methods

The study involved a convenience sample of 127 patients with 236 chest tubes from 3 intensive care units at a midwestern regional medical center. The patients were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: (1) gauze and tape dressing changed once daily, (2) gauze and tape dressing changed every 3 days, and (3) silicone foam dressing changed every 3 days.

Results

Patients with silicone foam dressings reported less pain at the insertion site than did patients with standard gauze and tape dressings, and patients with daily dressing changes reported significantly more pain with dressing removal than did patients with dressing changes every 3 days. The silicone foam dressing was associated with better skin integrity than the gauze and tape dressing. Dressing intactness, number of days with a chest tube inserted, and patient demographic characteristics did not differ significantly among the 3 groups.

Conclusions

Overall, the best type of dressing for promoting skin integrity and patient comfort was the silicone foam dressing. The results of this study may help identify best practices for dressing type and procedures among patients with chest tubes.
Folliculin Interacting Protein 1 Maintains Metabolic Homeostasis during B Cell Development by Modulating AMPK, mTORC1, and TFE3
Authors: Ramírez Julita A. , Iwata Terri , Park Heon , Tsang Mark , Kang Janella , Cui Katy , Kwong Winnie , James Richard G. , Baba Masaya , Schmidt Laura S. , Iritani Brian M.
Published: November 2019

Folliculin interacting protein 1 (Fnip1) is a cytoplasmic protein originally discovered through its interaction with the master metabolic sensor 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Folliculin, a protein mutated in individuals with Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome. In response to low energy, AMPK stimulates catabolic pathways such as autophagy to enhance energy production while inhibiting anabolic pathways regulated by the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). We previously found that constitutive disruption of Fnip1 in mice resulted in a lack of peripheral B cells because of a block in B cell development at the pre–B cell stage. Both AMPK and mTORC1 were activated in Fnip1-deficient B cell progenitors. In this study, we found inappropriate mTOR localization at the lysosome under nutrient-depleted conditions. Ex vivo lysine or arginine depletion resulted in increased apoptosis. Genetic inhibition of AMPK, inhibition of mTORC1, or restoration of cell viability with a Bcl-xL transgene failed to rescue B cell development in Fnip1-deficient mice. Fnip1-deficient B cell progenitors exhibited increased nuclear localization of transcription factor binding to IgHM enhancer 3 (TFE3) in developing B cells, which correlated with an increased expression of TFE3-target genes, increased lysosome numbers and function, and increased autophagic flux. These results indicate that Fnip1 modulates autophagy and energy response pathways in part through the regulation of AMPK, mTORC1, and TFE3 in B cell progenitors.
Regulatory Role for NK Cells in a Mouse Model of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Vandenhaute Jessica , Avau Anneleen , Filtjens Jessica , Malengier-Devlies Bert , Imbrechts Maya , Van den Berghe Nathalie , Ahmadzadeh Kourosh , Mitera Tania , Boon Louis , Leclercq Georges , Wouters Carine , Matthys Patrick
Published: November 2019

Mice deficient in IFN-γ (IFN-γ knockout [KO] mice) develop a systemic inflammatory syndrome in response to CFA, in contrast to CFA-challenged wild-type (WT) mice who only develop a mild inflammation. Symptoms in CFA-challenged IFN-γ KO resemble systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), a childhood immune disorder of unknown cause. Dysregulation of innate immune cells is considered to be important in the disease pathogenesis. In this study, we used this murine model to investigate the role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of sJIA. NK cells of CFA-challenged IFN-γ KO mice displayed an aberrant balance of activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors, lower expression of cytotoxic proteins, and a defective NK cell cytotoxicity. Depletion of NK cells (via anti–IL-2Rβ and anti–Asialo-GM1 Abs) or blockade of the NK cell activating receptor NKG2D in CFA-challenged WT mice resulted in increased severity of systemic inflammation and appearance of sJIA-like symptoms. NK cells of CFA-challenged IFN-γ KO mice and from anti-NKG2D–treated mice showed defective degranulation capacities toward autologous activated immune cells, predominantly monocytes. This is in line with the increased numbers of activated inflammatory monocytes in these mice which was particularly reflected in the expression of CCR2, a chemokine receptor, and in the expression of Rae-1, a ligand for NKG2D. In conclusion, NK cells are defective in a mouse model of sJIA and impede disease development in CFA-challenged WT mice. Our findings point toward a regulatory role for NK cells in CFA-induced systemic inflammation via a NKG2D-dependent control of activated immune cells.
VIRAL ETIOLOGY OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN LEBANON
Authors: Masoud Khaldoun , Matar Ghassan , Dbaibo Ghassan , Araj Geoarge F , Zaraket Hasan , Wakim Rima Hanna
Published: November 2019

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of death worldwide especially among children. The majority of these infections in children are of viral etiology. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of viral ARI among children in Lebanon. Methods: Children presenting with symptoms of ARI were prospectively recruited between September 2009 to February 2012. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from patients and screened for 11 respiratory viruses using a multiplex Luminex-based PCR assay. Results: Two hundred twenty-one patients were recruited with a median age of 1 year (IQR: 0 - 5). Out of 221 patients, 116 (52.5%) were positive for at least one virus, the majority (103/116; 88.8%) of which were in children under 6-year of age. Overall 188 viruses were detected. Rhinovirus (RhV) was the most common virus detected in 81 (69.8%) patients followed by coxsackie virus and echovirus (CVEV) which were detected as one target in the panel in 45 (38.8%), and parainfluenza viruses (PIV types: 1, 2, 3, 4) in 24 (20.7%) patients. Coinfection with more than one virus was detected in 49 (42.9%) patients. RhV and CVEV were the most common viruses associated with co-infections and higher risk of rhinorrhea. Conclusion: Viral pathogens account for at least half of the ARIs in Lebanon, with a high frequency of co-infections being detected.
THE COURSE OF HEPATITIS C INFECTION AND RESPONSE TO ANTI-VIRAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH THALASSEMIA MAJOR AND HEPATITIS C INFECTION: A LONGITUDINAL, PROSPECTIVE STUDY.
Authors: Kamal Sanaa , Abdelhakam Sara , Ghoraba Dahlia , Mohsen Mohamad Amer , Abdelsalam Ahmed , Hassan Huda , Nabeigh Leila
Published: November 2019

Background/Aims: The course of hepatitis C infection (HCV) in patients with thalassemia has not been adequately studied and management has not been optimized. The current prospective longitudinal study assessed the clinical course, outcome, progression and management of recently acquired HCV in patients with transfusion dependent thalassemia major versus acute HCV without thalassemia. Methods: A well-characterized cohort of patients with thalassemia and recent HCV infection or recent HCV without thalassemia were enrolled and prospectively followed. The blood transfusion needs and chelating agents were determined. Liver functions tests, HCV-RNA, iron and ferritin levels were measured. Patients with chronic HCV evolution received treatment for HCV. The fibrosis progression rate was determined in chronic HCV patients with or without thalassemia by paired liver biopsies or serial transient elastography (TE), or serum markers of liver fibrosis. Liver iron content (LIC) was assessed by R2 MRI.  

Results: Self-limited acute HCV was observed in 17% of patients with acute HCV and thalassemia versus 35% of patients without thalassemia (P=0.031). The fibrosis progression rates were significantly higher in patients with chronic HCV and thalassemia compared to those with chronic HCV alone (1.14±0.48) and (0.35±0.14) (P < 0.0001) respectively. A direct linear correlation was observed between the fibrosis progression rate and each of LIC (R=+0.67; P=0.01) and ferritin (R=0.77; P<0.01). In patients with chronic HCV and thalassemia, the sustained virologic response (SVR) to pegylated interferon based therapy and direct antiviral agents (DAAS) were 33% and 82% respectively (P=), while in chronic HCV patients without thalassemia, the SVR rates to PEG-IFN/RBV and DAAs were 51% and 92% respectively. Five patients with concomitant HCV and thalassemia died during the study due to cardiac causes (n=3) and liver cancer (n=2). Conclusions: Patients with acute HCV and thalassemia have low rates of spontaneous resolution of HCV infection and the majority develop chronic HCV.  Direct acting antiviral combinations are associated with high SVR rates and low adverse event in treatment naïve and experienced patients with chronic HCV and thalassemia. Liver fibrosis is accelerated in thalassemia patients with chronic HCV, therefore, early diagnosis, treatment with DAAs, adequate iron chelation and non-invasive monitoring liver status are recommended to prevent cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
MONITORING OF PARTICLE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND FUNGAL ISOLATIONS DURING HOSPITAL BUILDING-WORK ACTIVITIES IN A HEMATOLOGY WARD.
Authors: Pattavina Fabio , La Milia Daniele Ignazio , Vincenti Sara , Fiori Barbara , Torelli Riccardo , Wachocka Malgorzata , Moscato Umberto , Sica Simona , Ricciardi Walter , Laurenti Patrizia
Published: November 2019

Building-work activities could cause dust contamination and dissemination of fungal spores. Significant relationship was found between building-work activities and the incidence of invasive aspergillosis, in highly immunocompromised patients.

Renovation-works activities were carried out by four building sites of the hematology ward in a Teaching Hospital without the interruption of clinical activities. These sites were monitored by environmental sampling to determine the particles and fungi count. Clinical surveillance were made using galactomannan antigen test as a proxy for invasive aspergillosis diagnosis.

The galactomannan antigen test showed no significant difference between presence (3,85%) or absence (5,76%)  of renovation work activities (p=0,497).

The particle counts showed higher values of small and big-diameter particles before the renovation works if compared to the end of the activities. It was probably due to the containment measures implemented during and immediately after the final phases of the building site. The Fungi counts showed no particular differences between the phase before and after of the renovation activities.

Our finding show that is possible to perform renovation work, during clinical activities, by increasing the clinical and the environmental surveillance.
The cleansing of the leper in Mark 1:40–45 and the secrecy motif: An African ecclesial context
Authors: Ituma Ezichi , Solomon Enobong I. , Uroko Favour C.
Published: November 2019

This article examines the reason behind the charge to secrecy imposed by Jesus on the leper in Mark 1:40–45, in the context of African experience, the implications of the meaning conveyed and the challenges posed on the church and the gospel enterprise in Africa. The ministry of Jesus could have been a platform for conflicts, self-glorification, hero worship and exploitation. Jesus resisted the temptation in those directions. The charge to silence in African context reveals the virtue of silence which is subsumed in integrity, modesty and character (trust and accountability). It calls the attention of the followers of Jesus to the worthiness of emulating such a lifestyle as a pattern for service to God and humanity. The textual and historical exegetical methodology is adopted in this research.
Contradictions within an activity of second language reading literacy
Authors: Brink Sonja , Nel Carisma
Published: November 2019

Background: In investigating the early reading literacy of a group of Setswana-speaking children who learnt to read in Afrikaans, cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) was chosen as a conceptual framework because of its proven utility value in helping researchers make sense of complex social systems.Aim: The application of this heuristic not only proved valuable as organising principle but also unexpectedly revealed the situation with a clarity that brought about a richer understanding of the intricate dynamics underlying reading literacy in a second language.Setting: The study was conducted at a small-town Afrikaans medium school.Methods: In this mixed method inquiry, qualitative data was collected through interviews with parents and educators, classroom observations and document analysis. The quantitative data was obtained through the administering of an early reading literacy assessment.Results: The overarching finding of this study was that the Setswana-speaking children developed early reading literacy skills at a rate and level commensurate with that of their Afrikaans-speaking peers. Where the application of CHAT as heuristic proved invaluable was in bringing to light a pattern revealing the agency which was exercised by parents and educators to support the children’s reading literacy learning.Conclusion: Despite various obstacles and tensions, parents and teachers exercise considerable agency in supporting the children’s early reading literacy. Although the empirical aspects of the study are described, it is a conceptual gaze of the situation, employing CHAT as a lens, which is the focus of this article.
Sorafenib-Induced Cutaneous Toxicities
Authors: Bains Pooja , Sharma Saurabh
Published: November 2019

Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor which is used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. The cutaneous toxicities due to sorafenib can affect the daily activities of patients, resulting in interruption or dose modification of therapy. We report four cases of adverse cutaneous effects of sorafenib along with their management. The cases represent the wide spectrum of sorafenib cutaneous toxicities from mild to severe.
Effect of Participatory Health Promotion Initiative on Tobacco Use among Adolescents
Authors: Datar Shrinidhi S. , Ture Priyadarsh , Raut Abhishek V.
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing rapidly in developing countries like India. The commonly attributable modifiable risk factors of NCDs include raised blood pressure (13%), tobacco use (9%), physical inactivity (6%), and obesity (5%). This quasi-experimental study with a pre-post design was conducted with an objective to assess the effect of Participatory Health Promotion initiative (PHPI) on tobacco use among adolescents. PHPI included distribution of personalized health card, tobacco-tar experiment demonstration, use of body mapping technique to emphasize hazards of tobacco on different body organs, and sensitization in small groups.

Methods:

Baseline tobacco use and health risk assessment were conducted by adapting WHO ASSIST tool among 200 students who were randomly selected from a secondary high school. All students in the school were then exposed to the PHPI. The postmeasurement was done among another 200 randomly selected students after 3 months.

Results:

The number of current tobacco users reduced from 29 (14.5%) in the baseline to 9 (4.5%) in the postmeasurement with a P < 0.001. Participants with a moderate risk of health hazard due to tobacco use decreased from 21 (72.4%) in the baseline to 5 (55.6%) in the postmeasurement. Students with a higher risk of health hazard because of tobacco use decreased from 6 (20.7%) in the baseline to 1 at the postmeasurement (11.1%).

Conclusion:

The school-based PHPI was effective in reducing the number of tobacco users among the Indian adolescents.
Health-Promoting Lifestyle Practices Among Patients with Chronic Diseases and Its Related Factors
Authors: Siboni Fatemeh Samiei , Khatooni Marzieh , Atashi Vajihe
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Engaging in health-promoting lifestyle practices is one of the factors influencing the reduction of the burden of disease among individuals with chronic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the health-promoting behaviors in individuals with chronic diseases and their related factors.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, health-promoting lifestyle practices in 625 individuals with a common type of chronic diseases in Qazvin city were investigated. Convenient sampling was used from May to December 2016 at specialized chronic diseases clinics of three university hospitals. The data collection was performed using a demographic questionnaire and the Farsi version of the health promotion lifestyle profile (HPLP II) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (independent t-test and stepwise multiple linear regression) via the SPSS version 21 software.

Results:

In the present study, 326 women and 299 men participated. The score of HPLP was 2.49 ± 0.37 in men and 2.47 ± 0.41 in women, with the highest score in nutrition and lowest score in physical activity. The results of the regression model showed that in women, the education of women and the spouse and satisfaction from the economic situation, whereas in men, the duration of the disease, unemployment, having chronic diseases in the digestive system and multiple sclerosis, age and education of the spouse, and satisfaction with the economic situation predicted health-promoting lifestyle practices.

Conclusion:

Given the low rate of health-promoting lifestyle practices, training and empowering these patients to promote lifestyle improvement of health-promotion behaviors, especially in physical activity, should be planned as part of the process of treatment and follow-up.
Socioeconomic Inequality of Elder Abuse in Qazvin, Iran
Authors: Hosseinkhani Zahra , Khodamoradi Farzad , Sheikh Sara
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Socioeconomic status (SES) is often associated with elder abuse. This study aimed to determine SES inequality of elder abuse in Qazvin, Iran.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 683 (60–95 years) elders were included in the analysis in 2015. Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test was used to collect data on elder abuse. SES was measured through an asset-based method and principal component analysis. The concentration index and curve were used to measure SES inequality.

Results:

The concentration index for socioeconomic inequality of elder abuse was −0.0290 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.0498, −0.0081). This index based on residence showed elder abuse is more concentrated among rural elders with lower SES (C = −0.0739, 95% CI: [−0.112, −0.0356]).

Conclusion:

There is a slightly socioeconomic inequality of elder abuse among elders. Lower SES might be considered as a risk factor for elder abuse. Policymakers should plan for improvement in services to consider the role of SES in elder abuse.
Self-care Behavior and Self-care Agency in Lowering Salt Consumption in Hypertensive Older Patients Based on Orem's Self-Care Theory
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Mina , Mahdavi Nader , Valizadeh Sousan , Fooladi Marjaneh M. , Rahmani Farnaz , Ghanouni Farnaz , Aghajari Parvaneh
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Hypertension is a common chronic disease with multiple systemic complications. Reducing dietary salt intake is one of the most effective and economical methods for managing hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate self-care agency and self-care behaviors of patients with hypertension in reducing dietary salt and its related factors in Tabriz.

Methods:

In a cross-sectional study, 250 hypertensive adults were selected in June 2016–2017 from a pool of referred patients to the general clinic at one large teaching hospitals in Iran. They were selected through purposive sampling method. The data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, self-care agency scale, and self-care behaviors scale. Statistical analysis included simple and multiple (multivariable) linear regression.

Results:

For dietary sodium reduction, the mean scores (standard deviation) of self-care agency and self-care behaviors were 37.4 ± 10.04 and 36.5 ± 7.8, respectively. Variables with a significant correlation with self-care agency were marital status, age, and the years of hypertension diagnosis (P < 0.001), and for self-care behaviors were marital status and self-care agency (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The findings of this study showed that single and older patients with a recent diagnosis of hypertension had a low score in self-care agency and self-care behavior. Therefore, health-care providers can focus their educational activities on these individuals to enhance their self-care behaviors and agency.
The Selection, Testing, and Application of Ecological Bioindicator Birds: A Case Study of the Bale Mountains, Southeast Ethiopia
Authors: Addisu Asefa , Girma Mengesha
Published: November 2019

The interest in using ecological bioindicators - species or higher taxa, whose presence/absence or abundance reflect the abiotic or biotic state of an ecosystem - as cost-effective means of ecological monitoring has been globally increasing. The main aim of this study was to assess if such ecological bioindicator species could be identified within Afromontane grassland avifauna that would be used for monitoring the effects of livestock grazing on ecosystem in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. We collected data on birds and vegetation structure along 14 transects each in the light (protected) and heavy (unprotected) grazing sites in June 2014 (referred to as the first sampling period) and in December 2014 (the second sampling period). Then, we (i) initially identified potential bioindicator species for the light grazing site, based on data collected during the first sampling period; (ii) examined relationships between abundance of these bioindicators and level of grazing pressure; (iii) tested the consistency of those initially selected bioindicator species, based on independent data collected during the second sampling period. We used the Indicator Value (IndVal) Analysis method to identify bioindicator species for the light grazing site. Species with significant IndVal>60% were considered as potential bioindicator for the site compared to the heavy grazing site. Six species were initially identified as potential bioindicators from the first sampling period dataset, and four of these species were again consistently identified from the second sampling period. Furthermore, abundance of the bioindicators had significantly declined with increasing grazing pressure, but positively correlated with four habitat variables (i.e. heights of shrub, herb and grass, and cover of shrub). These findings suggest that those consistently identified four species represent suite of reliable bioindicators that can successfully be used for monitoring of changes in habitat structure in the site. Recommendations on how to apply these findings for ecological monitoring are provided.
Dynamics of Land Use and Land Cover in the Kafta-Sheraro National Park, NW Ethiopia: Patterns, Causes and Management Implications
Authors: Zenebe Arafaine , Addisu Asefa
Published: November 2019

Kafta-Sheraro National Park (KSNP) is one of the most important protected areas in Ethiopia and provides a number of important ecological and hydrological benefits to the local people. However, the park is under immense pressure as a result of a rapidly increasing human population that resulted from a voluntary resettlement program launched by the government in 2003. Using satellite imageries taken in the years 2003, 2009 and 2015, this study examined patterns of changes in land use/cover throughout the park over a 12 year period (2003 to 2015), during which human population pressure is known to have increased over time and changes in government policies were taken place. The results showed that, over the period of 12 years, wood land experienced the most changeover the study period, with a loss of cover of 862.3 km2 (i.e. from 77.8% coverage of the total park area in 2003 to 38.0% in 2015) at annual rate of 79.3 km2). Conversely, the other land cover types showed increasing pattern, particularly, bush land and agricultural land were increasing at a rate of 44.96 and 18.90 km2 per year, respectively. Overall, the rate of land cover change was higher during the first period (2003 to 2009) compared with the second period (2009 to 2015) for all land use and land cover types, except grass land, suggesting that human impacts were higher following the resettlement program in 2003 and then slowed down following establishment of the park in 2007. The major causes of land cover change in the area were settlement and population expansion, cultivation, fire, mining and grazing. We suggest that better effective park protection systems should be in place to mitigate and restore habitats.
Regression Estimation of Childbearing Indices from TFR: A Study of India, States, and Its Districts
Authors: Krishna Murthy Ponnapalli , Akash Kumar
Published: November 2019

In the absense of direct estimates of fertility indicators such as total fertility rate (TFR) and childbearing indices, it is customory in the field of demography/Population studies to derive the same using some suitable indirect procedure. In this paper an attempt has been made at first to introduce a new regression methodology for estimating indirectly the maternal childbearing indices from the only given information on TFR. Secondly, using the regression models provided here and using an indirect estimate of TFR of districts in India a set of childbearing indices for disricts in India are derived and they are further used in understanding the fertility transition in India by districts during the time period of 1997 to 2011. Finally, it is shown successfully in this paper by an analysis of the findings that the regression models as well as the estimates of childbearing indices of the district in India are found to be very useful in understanding the fertility transition in India during the study period of 1997 to 2011.
Entrevista do Prof. Dr. José Gilberto de Souza: land grabbing como fenômeno global de apropriação de terras agrícolas.
Authors: Souza José Gilberto
Published: November 2019

O Professor Doutor José Gilberto de Souza em entrevista ao site "De olho nos ruralistas", com o apoio da FES - Brasil Fundação Friedrich Ebert, apresenta sua reflexões sobre o fenômeno mundial de apropriação de terras, apontando como característica central desse processo as lógicas de financeirização e vinculação bursátil da terra, e de todos os bens comuns que a ela estão vinculados (terra, água e minérios), subsumidos a processos de acumulação por espoliação. Um controle que extrapola a dimensão da propriedade privada e se expressa na forma de poder territorial financeiro (the territorial funding).
CIDADES PROTOMÉDIAS: PROPOSTA DE UMA NOVA CATEGORIA NA CLASSIFICAÇÃO DAS CIDADES NA LITERATURA GEOGRÁFICA
Authors: Bellingieri Julio Cesar
Published: November 2019

A literatura geográfica brasileira utiliza, de modo geral, as categorias cidades grandes, cidades médias e cidades pequenas para classificá-las e hierarquizá-las, no âmbito de uma rede urbana. Este artigo, de caráter exploratório e efetuado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, tem o objetivo de propor uma nova categoria na classificação das cidades na literatura geográfica. Por meio da análise das características das cidades paulistas de Bebedouro, Jaboticabal e Olímpia, constatou-se que elas não podem ser consideradas nem cidades grandes, nem médias, nem pequenas, seja por critérios quantitativos (demográficos), seja por critérios qualitativos (à luz dos atributos que definem tais categorias de cidades), situando-se, assim, num “limbo” teórico-metodológico. Tal constatação poderia justificar a criação de uma nova categoria de cidade, aqui denominada de cidades protomédias, que teriam uma mescla de atributos de cidades médias e de cidades pequenas, a serem caracterizados e delimitados em outros estudos.
MAPEAMENTO DAS OCORRÊNCIAS DE ALAGAMENTOS E ESCOAMENTO SUPERFICIAL CONCENTRADO NA CIDADE DE ITUIUTABA/MG
Authors: Fonseca Rogério Gerolineto , Christofoletti Anderson Luís Hebling
Published: November 2019

A cada estação chuvosa, grande parte das cidades brasileiras enfrentam problemas relacionados a eventos chuvosos intensos, como enchentes e alagamentos. Fenômeno natural nas áreas tropicais, as tempestades que atingem os centros urbanos podem acarretar transtornos à circulação dos moradores, danos materiais e até mortes. Por isso, cartas de risco são suportes importantes para se agir adequadamente em relação aos perigos que incidem sobre uma cidade. Este artigo apresenta um mapeamento das ocorrências de alagamentos e escoamento superficial concentrados na cidade de Ituiutaba (MG) entre os anos de 2011 e 2016. Dados de reportagens da imprensa local sobre os eventos chuvosos foram tratados utilizando-se o software ArcGIS 10.3 e analisados juntamente a fatores ambientais como o relevo, a hidrografia e a forma de ocupação do espaço. A espacialização dos alagamentos confirmou a tendência de ocorrerem transtornos nas partes mais baixas do relevo e com ocupação mais intensa e maior impermeabilização. Ademais, foram identificadas as áreas que representam maior risco à população e que, por isso, merecem especial atenção do poder público para a minimização dos perigos.
O DESFLORESTAMENTO E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM AS LEGISLAÇÕES FEDERAIS: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE OS ASSENTAMENTOS RURAIS DO MUNICÍPIO DE MANICORÉ/AM
Authors: Leal Matheus Lucas Maciel , Maniesi Vanderlei
Published: November 2019

A presente pesquisa objetivou quantificar o desflorestamento dentro dos assentamentos rurais inseridos no município de Manicoré/AM no período de 2000 a 2014, bem como comparar seu comportamento com o surgimento das principais legislações ambientais que visam sua mitigação. Para obtenção dos dados foram necessários procedimentos de geoprocessamento com o uso de software específico ArcGis 10.3, além do levantamento bibliográfico que identificou as principais políticas agrárias que surgiram a partir dos anos 2000. Os resultados mostraram que os assentamentos rurais estudados exibem uma taxa de desflorestamento média de 1.199 ha∙ano-1 no período delineado, representando 26,3% do desflorestamento que ocorre no município de Manicoré/AM. A partir da análise dos dados pode-se constatar que a instituição de legislações federais reflete na redução imediata do desflorestamento no ano seguinte que, no entanto, não apresentava continuidade neste padrão. Ainda assim, é possível identificar a forte influência dos programas de governo na dinâmica de desflorestamento.
MÚLTIPLAS PERSPECTIVAS DA CARTOGRAFIA NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL EM GEOGRAFIA
Authors: De Melo Ismail Barra Nova
Published: November 2019

A Cartografia tem um papel importante a cumprir no curso de licenciatura em Geografia, principalmente como linguagem. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas discussões relacionadas a Cartografia que consideramos pertinente na formação do professor de Geografia. Esta é uma pesquisa bibliográfica que busca um diálogo com autores que discutem diferentes posições para a Cartografia. Conclui-se que a Cartografia atualmente, diferente daquela posição vinculada ao dominador, pode: a) permear o ensino da Geografia no ensino básico; b) ajudar no entendimento do processo de construção histórica do espaço geográfico; c) contribuir na formação do cidadão; e d) ser um instrumento de luta de diferentes grupos da sociedade civil.

Palavras-Chave: Cartografia Escolar; Formação de Professor; Geografia.
ESTUDO DO COMPORTAMENTO DA COTA MÍNIMA DO RIO ACRE NOS ÚLTIMOS 43 ANOS E AS CONSEQUÊNCIAS PARA O ASSOREAMENTO FUTURO DO RIO
Authors: Accorsi Osmar José , Lima Esperidião Fecury Pinheiro de , Alcoforado Luciane Ferreira , Longo Orlando Celso
Published: November 2019

Uma das preocupações, quando se trata de leito fluvial, em regiões de bacias sedimentares, como o Estado do Acre é com relação ao comportamento que o leito fluvial apresenta, em relação à profundidade. Baseado nas medições realizadas, de 1971 até 2013, se verifica um comportamento no qual até o ano de 1985 a cota mínima do rio Acre apresentava uma tendência crescente e a partir de 1986 esta cota apresenta uma tendência de redução, devido ao assoreamento que o rio vem sofrendo ao longo destes anos. Como o rio Acre, além de ser fonte de matéria prima para a construção civil, no caso a areia utilizada como agregado miúdo do concreto, bem como para o abastecimento de água, sendo este rio o responsável por 100% da água fornecida à população do município de Rio Branco, a preocupação com o comportamento deste rio é constante. Desta forma procurou-se, baseado nas medições e análises estatísticas determinar o comportamento da evolução da cota mínima e do assoreamento do rio, e através de previsões e projeções determinar o tempo que levará o rio para um assoreamento total, quando registrará uma cota de “zero” metro, impedindo a obtenção de areia e água para a demanda da população.
PROVENIÊNCIA DOS METASSEDIMENTOS DO GRUPO ARAXÁ NA REGIÃO DE RIO QUENTE - CALDAS NOVAS.
Authors: Navarro Guillermo Rafael Beltran , Zanardo Antenor , Montibeller Cibele Carolina , Conceição Fabiano Tomazini da , Valeriano Claudio de Morisson , Leme Thaís Güitzlaf , Simões Luiz Sérgio Amarante
Published: November 2019

RESUMO: Na região de Caldas Novas – Rio Quente Goiás, afloram metassedimentos (psamíticos, psamo-pelíticos e pelíticos) relacionados ao Grupo Araxá. Estes metassedimentos possuem razões La(N)/Lu(N), La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/Co, Th/Co e Cr/Th, que sugerem que a fonte destes metassedimentos rochas são rochas félsicas provenientes de arcos magmáticos. As idades modelo obtidas variam entre 1,22 e 1,86 Ga sugerem duas fontes para os metassedimentos, uma fonte juvenil neoproterozoica e outra mais velha relacionada a rochas paleoproterozoicas, como observado em outras regiãos da Faixa Brasília. As idades U/Pb obtidas em zircões para os metassedimentos da região são predominantemente neoproterozoicas (1,0 Ga). A congruência destes dados geocronológicos com as assinaturas geoquímicas das rochas analisadas permite afirmar que grande parte dos metassedimentos do Grupo Araxá na região tiveram como fonte rochas formadas em arcos magmáticos neoproterozoicos, implicando no desenvolvimento de bacias fore arc, nas quais a sequência estudada provavelmente pode ter sido depositada.
OS CORPOS DE ARENITOS PRAIAIS QUE SUSTENTAM O FORTE DOS REIS MAGOS, PRINCIPAL CONSTRUÇÃO HISTÓRICA DA CIDADE DE NATAL-RN
Authors: SILVA Matheus Lisboa Nobre da , DANTAS Tarsila Barbosa , NASCIMENTO Marcos Antonio Leite do , VIEIRA Marcela Marques
Published: November 2019

Ao longo de toda a história do homem, as rochas se fizeram presente. Inicialmente, utilizadas como instrumentos de caça, hoje esse elemento da geodiversidade do planeta tem importância econômica, funcional e cultural intrínsecos com o cotidiano da sociedade. Em Natal, capital do Rio Grande do Norte, a percepção do possível uso das rochas locais para o desenvolvimento da cidade se iniciou ainda no processo de construção da primeira edificação local que é o Forte dos Reis Magos. Por muitos anos um ponto de importância para a manutenção do domínio português na região Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, o Forte dos Reis Magos possui quase 400 anos de história em suas paredes erguidas com os arenitos calcíferos encontrados em seus arredores, que já foram objetos de estudo desde o início do século XX. O trabalho aqui apresentado foi realizado a partir de trabalhos arqueológicos orquestrados pelo IPHAN e se propõe a analisar as rochas utilizadas na construção do Forte, mostrando também a forte relação da geodiversidade com a cidade e com as ciências.
ANÁLISE DA REATIVAÇÃO DE FALHAS NORMAIS ATRAVÉS DA MODELAGEM FÍSICA COM O USO DO PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY.
Authors: De SOUSA Luis Kennnedy Andrade , Da SILVA Fernando César Alves , BLANCO André João P. Conde
Published: November 2019

Durante as últimas décadas, modelagem física tornou-se uma ferramenta importante para melhorar a compreensão de algumas estruturas e processos geológicos, incluindo inversão cinemática das bacias sedimentares. Nesse caso, impulcionado pela industria do petróleo, um melhor conhecimento da inversão positiva se fez necessário, uma vez que este processo poderia gerar (ou destruir) armadilhas para acumulação de hidrocarbonetos. Este artigo trata da relação entre a reativação de falhas normais pré-existentes e a geração de novas falhas durante uma inversão positiva. Os nossos resultados mostraram que a orientação de falhas, relativamente ao campo de tensão, e a estratigrafia mecânica pode desempenhar um papel importante durante o processo de inversão positiva, induzindo a reativação de algumas falhas prévias, bem como a geometria das neoformadas. Os experimentos monitorados com o Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), mostrou em detalhe o comportamento de falhas ao longo do evento D2, durante o qual a inversão ocorreu, evidenciando que o movimento ao longo de certas falhas não é constante, sendo registrado alternância de períodos de atividade e inatividade.
ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL INFLUENCE IN BIOGAS PRODUCTION AND VARIATIONS IN THE SELF-POTENTIAL IN A LANDFILL
Authors: MOREIRA Cesar Augusto , HELENE Lívia Portes Innocente , CAVALLARI Fernanda , CARRAZZA Leonardo Paioli , DOURADO João Carlos
Published: November 2019

Biogas is a chemical compound rich in methane, generated by the degradation of organic matter, flammable power and applicable to energy generation. Landfills are areas with great potential for biogas generation due to the large amount of organic matter contained in solid domestic waste. The sizing and design of projects to capture and generate energy in landfills depend on reliable estimates of future generation of biogas. The currently available models are deficient in many respects due to the exclusion of relevant factors in the biogas generation process. This paper presents the results of natural electric potential through geophysical logging technique, developed alongside gas drains located in areas with residues of different ages of landfill deposition, when accompanied by measures of biogas flow and rainfall, biweekly during 12 months. The key objective was to evaluate the sensitivity of the physical parameter to seasonal variations and its relation to the production of biogas. The results show that the availability of organic matter able to degradation was the main factor responsible for differences in biogas production between the drains examined, although there are variations in periods of drought or rain. The natural electric potential demonstrated proportional variations of biogas flow rates measured in drains with different ages, where the largest biogas flows are associated to more electronegative or more reducing areas