bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Let sleeping dogs lie? How to deal with the night gap problem in ESM data
Authors: Berkhout Sophie Wilhelmina , Schuurman Noémi Katalin , Hamaker Ellen
Published: May 2024

Night gaps are inherent to data obtained with the experience sampling method (ESM). When such data are used to study lagged relations between variables--such as autoregression within the same variable, and cross-lagged regressions between different variables--the actual role of night gaps is typically not investigated. However, there are various methods to handle them in analyses. Common solutions involve: (1) ignoring the night gap by considering the night interval as a regular interval; (2) removing the night gap by not regressing the first measurement of the day on the last measurement of the previous day; or (3) treating the night gap as a missing data problem. The goal of this paper is to make explicit the theoretical implications of these three methods within the context of the first-order autoregressive (AR[1]) model. Additionally, we propose an alternative modeling approach that allows us to study the implications of the night gap in more detail. Moreover, given that the current methods are special cases of the proposed alternative, we can test which method best describes the process of interest. Through an empirical N=1 example with various ESM variables, we demonstrate that the best-fitting method differs per variable. This implies that some processes may exhibit different dynamics during the night than during the daytime, providing a stepping stone to understanding and modeling night gaps in ESM.
Bridging Science and Spirituality: Quantum Phenomena and the Non-Empirical Universe
Authors: Jain Gagan , Pareek Samridhi
Published: May 2024

Recent progress in the realm of quantum phenomena holds significant promise for advancing our scientific understanding of consciousness. Traditionally, science and spirituality have been perceived as separate or even contradictory domains. However, the discovery of a non-empirical realm of the universe that doesn’t consist of material things but of forms brings these two distinct disciplines together in consciousness studies. These forms are real, even though they are invisible, because they have the potential to appear in the empirical world and act in it. In this paper, we present arguments regarding the possibility that this empirical world is an emanation out of a cosmic realm of potentiality, whose forms can appear as physical structures in the external world.
Repetition increases perceived truth of interpersonal statements from both politically congruent and incongruent sources
Authors: Mattavelli Simone , Béna Jérémy , Corneille Olivier , Unkelbach Christian
Published: May 2024

People judge repeated information as truer than new information. In politics, this truth effect may be used to manipulate beliefs and evaluations of other politicians (e.g., by repeatedly derogating an opponent). We investigate the truth effect for such statements about others in political contexts. In two pre-registered experiments, we examined how repetition and source-recipient political congruency influence believability of statements about unknown individuals and the evaluation of these individuals. In Experiment 1 (N=234), using negative statements, and Experiment 2 (N=235), using both negative and positive statements, the truth effect emerged consistently: repeated statements were rated as truer than new ones. Notably, this effect was not significantly influenced by the political congruency between statement source (manipulated political affiliation) and recipient (measured political affiliation). Turning to evaluations, a higher number of repetitions strengthened positive evaluations for targets described by positive traits, and increased to a lesser extent negative evaluations for targets described negatively. Our findings indicate that, under the conditions examined here, repetition increases believability of interpersonal statements to the same extent across political divides.
Del Condicionamiento a la Expresión: Investigando las Raíces de la Creación Estética en el Aprendizaje por Asociación
Authors: Nascimento Natali Lourenço
Published: May 2024

This essay explores the intersection between associative learning and the aesthetic creation process. Beginning with a brief discussion on associationism, it presents the historical and philosophical roots that underpin the understanding of the human mind, from Gustav Theodor Fechner's ideas to the contributions of David Hume and John Locke. Next, the fundamentals of associative learning are discussed, exemplified by the experiments of Ivan Pavlov and Edward Thorndike, highlighting how associations are shaped by individual experience and cultural influences. Additionally, the principles of Gestalt and their relation to aesthetic preference are explored, illustrating how visual perception influences aesthetic appreciation. Finally, conexionism and its relevance in shaping aesthetic preferences are addressed, emphasizing how neural networks and neural plasticity can influence the perception and appreciation of the elements. It is concluded that aesthetic preferences result from a complex interaction between cognitive processes, individual experiences, and cultural influences, being shaped both by reason and emotion over time.
Trajectories of attention problems in preschoolers born very preterm
Authors: Camerota Marie , Castellanos Francisco Xavier , Carter Brian S. , Check Jennifer , Helderman Jennifer B. , Hofheimer Julie A , McGowan Elisabeth C. , Neal Charles R. , Pastyrnak Steven L. , Smith Lynne M. , O’Shea T. Michael , Marsit Carmen J. , Lester Barry M.
Published: May 2024

Children born preterm are at heightened risk for neurodevelopmental impairment, including specific deficits in attention. Few studies have investigated change over time in attention problems during the preschool period. The current study aims to describe trajectories of attention problems from age 2 through 5 years in a cohort of children born < 30 weeks gestational age (GA), identify sociodemographic, medical, and neurobehavioral characteristics associated with attention trajectories, and test whether attention problem trajectories predict risk of reported Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. We studied 608 infants from the Neonatal Neurobehavior and Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants (NOVI) Study, a prospective, multisite study of infants born < 30 weeks GA. Parents reported on child attention problems at age 2, 3, 4, and 5 years using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Behavior Assessment System for Children. Sociodemographic and medical characteristics were assessed via maternal interview and medical record review. Neurobehavioral characteristics were determined using neonatal and 2 year assessments. Parent report of child ADHD diagnosis was obtained. We used latent growth curve (LGC) modeling to test our study aims. A linear LGC model provided the best fit to the data. The average trajectory of attention problems evidenced low initial levels of symptoms and little change over time, yet there was significant heterogeneity in both initial levels and change over time. Individual differences in trajectory parameters were associated with sociodemographic, medical, environmental, and neurobehavioral characteristics. Children with higher initial levels of attention problems as well as steeper increases in attention problems over time were more likely to have a reported ADHD diagnosis. There is significant heterogeneity in trajectories of attention problems from age 2 to 5 in children born < 30 weeks GA and these differences have clinical relevance. These data could inform follow-up guidelines for preterm infants.
The Importance of Critical Thinking in Daily Live: The Essence and Practice
Authors: Nascimento Natali Lourenço
Published: May 2024

Critical thinking can be seen as reflective thought, where individuals are capable of being transparent about the goal and the matter under consideration, examining information, drawing conclusions, and considering different perspectives. They aim for clarity, precision, accuracy, and relevance. Furthermore, they strive to delve deeper into the subject, be logical, impartial, and use these abilities not only in reading and writing, but also in speaking and listening in their daily lives.
Device-Agnostic Physical Activity Metrics and Adiposity-Related Indicators Among Children and Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Brown Denver M. Y. , Pfledderer Christopher D. , Stoepker Peter , Chong Kar Hau , Kracht Chelsea , Fairclough Stuart J.
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study investigated associations between device-agnostic physical activity (PA) volume and intensity metrics/outcomes in relation to adiposity-related indicators among children and adolescents.Methods: Nationally representative cross-sectional data from three cycles of the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Survey (2011-2012; 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey; 2013-2014) were analyzed. A total of 5 260 participants (weighted n = 43 156 858; 49% female; ages 6-17 years) wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for 7-days. Monitor Independent Movement Summary (MIMS) units were extracted from raw accelerometry data to calculate PA volume (Daily MIMS) and intensity (Peak 60-min MIMS). Four adiposity-related indicators were examined: body mass index (BMI) z-score, total body fat percent via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, overweight/obesity status (via BMI), and abdominal obesity status (via waist-to-height ratio classification). Survey-weighted linear and logistic regression models were computed, adjusted for covariates. Results: PA volume and intensity were inversely associated with significantly lower BMI z-score and total body fat percent, and odds of being classified as having overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. Moderation analyses revealed the relationships between both PA metrics and total body fat percent were stronger during childhood (than adolescence) and among girls, but not for the other anthropometric-derived adiposity indicators.Conclusions: These findings further support the importance of promoting physical activity participation – especially activities of higher intensity – to combat excess adiposity, while also pointing to who (girls) these associations are strongest for and when (during childhood). Moving forward, researchers are encouraged to adopt device-agnostic PA metrics to facilitate harmonized data analysis as we seek more precise estimates to better inform public health recommendations surrounding excess adiposity prevention and management.
Compositional Inequality: Measurement, Stylized Facts, and Normative Aspects
Authors: Ranaldi Marco
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the concept, measurement, principal stylized facts, and normative implications of compositional inequality. Compositional inequality refers to how the shares of capital and labor income vary along the income distribution. This analysis is valuable for several reasons. From a macroeconomic perspective, it elucidates the link between functional and personal distributions of income, which is crucial for addressing the drivers of income inequality in a context of AI-driven, technology-augmenting capital accumulation. From a comparative economic perspective, it locates economic systems on the continuum between two extremes: classical capitalism, where the rich earn predominantly from capital and the poor from labor, and new capitalism, where the composition of capital and labor is uniform across the distribution. We refer to the entire range of systems along this continuum as the distributional varieties of capitalism. Recent empirical studies indicate that, in most countries, we are far from classical capitalism, though with notable exceptions, such as Latin American countries. This underscores the need to evaluate the benefits of compositional equality. The paper concludes that compositional equality is desirable for at least two reasons: it promotes fairness and supports an inclusive, profit-driven regime of accumulation and growth. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)
Yemen NIAC review 2018 until January 2022
Authors: Matolín Maximilian
Published: May 2024

The research paper focuses on the internal character of the conflict and the symbiosis of the parties in it. It provides a further understanding of the personal and national security context in relation to the political situation on the West Coast of Yemen, with the focus on Tareq Saleh, nephew of the late Ali Abdullah Saleh, and his personally created militia, Yemeni National Resistance.
निसमालोचनाको सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणा
Authors: पौड्याल Poudyal एकनारायण Eknarayan
Published: May 2024

यस अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा निसमालोचनाको सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । निसमालोचना समालोचनाको एक नवीन प्रकार हो । नेपाली साहित्यमा निसमालोचनाजस्तै देखिने समालोचना धेरै अघिदेखि लेखिएका पाइए पनि ती समालोचना सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणासहित लेखिएका देखिँदैनन् । निसमालोचनाका तिनै पूर्वप्रयासलाई हेरेर यसलाई नैबन्धिक समालोचना, निसमीक्षा आदि संज्ञा दिइएको पाइन्छ । समालोचनाको यस प्रकारलाई निसमालोचना नै भनिएको पनि पाइन्छ तर यसअघि विधागत सचेतताका साथ यसको सैद्धान्तिक पक्षका बारेमा विस्तृत रूपमा चर्चा गरिएको पाइँदैन । यस नवीन अवधारणाका बारेमा थप स्पष्ट पार्न आवश्यक भएकाले प्रस्तुत लेखमा यसको सैद्धान्तिक आधारका सम्बन्धमा स्पष्ट पारिएको छ । यस क्रममा निसमालोचनाको प्रायोगिक स्वरूप प्रस्तुत गर्दा प्राथमिक स्रोतका रूपमा महाकवि लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटाको खण्डकाव्य मुनामदनलाई आधार बनाइएको छ भने निबन्ध, समालोचना आदि विधाको स्वरूप प्रस्ट पार्नका लागि तिनका बारेमा लेखिएका सामग्रीलाई द्वितीयक स्रोतका रूपमा प्रयोग गरिएको छ । सैद्धान्तिक प्रकृतिको यस लेखमा व्याख्यात्मक र विश्लेषणात्मक विधि अवलम्बन गरिएको छ । यस अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा निसमालोचनाको सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणा प्रस्तुत गरिनाका साथै उदाहरणका लागि एउटा प्रायोगिक स्वरूप पनि प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यसका लागि आधारकृतिका रूपमा मुनामदन खण्डकाव्य चयन गरिएको छ । परम्परागत समालोचनाका आधारमा कुनै पनि कृतिलाई विश्लेषण गर्ने अभ्यास भइरहेकामा यस अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखले कृतिविश्लेषणका लागि नवीन आधार दिने विश्वास गरिएको छ ।
प्रोल्लास सिन्धुलीयको भग्न भैरव उपन्यासमा चित्रित जीवनीपरकता
Authors: प्रभात Prabhat रमेश Ramesh
Published: May 2024

‘भग्न भैरव’ उपन्यास (२०७९) साहित्यकार प्रोल्लास सिन्धुलीयको पछिल्लो औपन्यासिक कृति हो । यसमा सुप्रसिद्ध व्यङ्ग्यशिल्पी भैरव अर्यालको जीवनीलाई आधार बनाएर आख्यानीकरण गरिएको छ । यसमा लेखकले सिधा जीवनी प्रस्तुत नगरेर भैरव अर्यालका अनन्य मित्र रोचक घिमिरेका मुखबाट कथा भन्न लगाएका छन् । यस्ता कृतिको अध्ययन गर्नका लागि जीवननीपरकताको बनिबनाउ सैद्धान्तिक आधार नभेटिएकाले त्यसका लागि उपकरणसमेत निर्माण गरी विश्लेषण गरी हेर्ने काम यस अनुसन्धानमा गरिएको छ । यस उपन्यासको अध्ययन गर्नका लागि भैरव अर्यालको वास्तविक जीवनी र आख्यानको अन्तर्सम्बन्ध केलाउने, उपन्यासमा ऐतिहासिक तथा सांस्कृतिक सन्दर्भ र यथार्थ परिघटनालाई आख्यानीकरण के कसरी गरिएको छ ? तथा उपन्यासभित्र आख्यानकारको पक्षधरता र आख्यानमा जीवनीको बुनोट के कसरी गरिएको छ ? भन्ने बारेमा तथ्य खोजी गर्न उपन्यासभित्रबाट साक्ष्यहरू सङ्कलन गरी विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । त्यसरी अध्ययन गर्दा सिन्धुलीयको यस उपन्यासमा नेपाली साहित्यका उत्कृष्ट व्यङग्यशिल्पी भैरव अर्यालको जीवनीका गुप्त पाटाहरूलाई पाठकहरू सामु ल्याएको देखिन्छ । यसमा भैरव अर्यालको पारिवारिक स्थिति, बाल्यकाल, शिक्षादीक्षा, विवाह, सन्तानप्राप्तिजस्ता वैयक्तिक कुराहरूलाई मार्मिक तरिकाले चित्रण गरिएको कुरा अध्ययनबाट प्रस्ट भएको छ । त्यस्तै भैरवको जीवनका सार्वजनिक पाटाहरू जागिरे जीवन, राजनीतिप्रतिको लगाव, साथीहरूसँगको सम्बन्ध, नेपाली साहित्यमा उनले गरेका सेवाजस्ता कुराहरू पनि यसमा उतारिएको पाइन्छ । त्योभन्दा पनि बढी उनी गोरखापत्रमा सम्पादकको जागिरे छँदा नेपाली साहित्यका विभिन्न लेखकहरूको रचना प्रकाशन हुनुपूर्व उनले गरेको मेहनत यसमा मार्मिक तरिकाले चित्रण भएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा सङ्कलित साक्ष्यहरूका आधारमा विश्लेषण गरी हेर्दा यो उपन्यास एक उत्कृष्ट जीवनीपरक उपन्यास बनेको देखिन्छ ।
Implementation Practices of Right to Information Act 2007: Exploring Awareness, Effectiveness and Challenges
Authors: Sapkota Khilanath
Published: May 2024

Right to Information (RTI) is a basic human right of every human being. Information makes men wise and it is competent enough to cope up with the modern world. So, it is the duty of government to inform citizens about day to day happening whatever within the government. The transformation from governance to good governance is possible, if there is possibility of increasing participation of people in governance and free access of information. By realizing this fact, Parliament of Nepal has passed Right to information act, 2007 to make government, accountable, responsible, efficient and transparent. The Purpose of this Study is to analyze the RTI implementation practices, effectiveness, assess the challenges for exercising RTI in Nepal and to evaluate the public response on RTI. For this, the researcher has applied both quantitative and qualitative methods. In addition, Survey, Questionnaire and Interview in each administrative unit of all Municipalities of Kathmandu has been used as data collection techniques. This research article can be concluded that among the entire respondents were more aware about the RTI and its provisions. It shows that media persons have better knowledge than others groups of the society. After the media, common people were also aware on RTI issues. It proves that Nepalese bureaucrats possess least knowledge among the surveyed groups on RTI issues and provisions.
Exploring Certain Generalization of Arithmetical Functions
Authors: Kumar Nand Kishor , Yadav Dipendra Prasad , Pokhrel Chudamani
Published: May 2024

This article introduces a few generalized arithmetical functions and focuses on a few specific instances of these arithmetic functions. This study of certain generalizations of arithmetical functions supplements our understanding of number theory and its applications. By spreading the domain, range, or definition of traditional arithmetical functions, mathematicians unexposed new insights into the structure of integers and their relationships with other mathematical objects. Moreover, the applications of these generalizations span across various fields of mathematics, highlighting their significance and relevance in modern mathematical research. Continued exploration of these generalizations promises further discoveries and advancements in the field of number theory and beyond.
Determinants of Profitability of Insurance Companies in Nepal
Authors: Sejuwal Narendra , Koirala Kumar Bahadur
Published: May 2024

The ability of a corporation to turn a profit from all of its business endeavors is expressed by its profitability. It demonstrates how well management uses all available resources to generate profit. This study attempts to investigate the determinants of profitability of insurance companies in Nepal. This study is based on secondary data of 15 sample insurance companies using convenient sampling and it covers the period 2016/17 to 2020/21 with 75 observations. The results of this study revealed that expense ratio, financial leverage, claim ratio and size of company have impact on profitability of the insurance companies in Nepal. Expense ratio and claim ratio have significant negative and financial leverage and size of company have positive impact on profitability of the insurance companies in Nepal. This study also revealed the insignificant effect of age on profitability of insurance companies.
The Study of Max-Min Composition in Fuzzy Relation
Authors: Shah Yogendra Prasad
Published: May 2024

One of the foundational concepts in both pure and applied mathematics is the notion of relations. Fuzzy relations extend this concept much like fuzzy sets generalize the fundamental idea of sets. This study provides a comprehensive overview of operations, compositions, and the various types inherent in fuzzy relations.
Appropriation of Digital Machines and Appropriation of Fixed Capital as the Real Appropriation of Social Being: A Comment on Toni Negri’s Article “The Appropriation of Fixed Capital: A Metaphor?”
Authors: Fuchs Christian
Published: May 2024

This article is a reflection and comment on Toni Negri’s essay “The Appropriation of Fixed Capital: A Metaphor?”. The comment first points out aspects of Negri’s reception of Marx. It stresses the continuities of the Grundrisse and Capital. In both, we can find a dialectical concept of technology. Second, this paper points out that Negri’s notion of the appropriation of technology/fixed capital should best be read as a critique of techno-optimism à la Marshall McLuhan and of techno-pessimism à la Martin Heidegger. Negri advances a dialectical concept of appropriation that is focused on the appropriation, and therefore transformation, of technology and society. Third, this reflection asks: What does it mean to appropriate digital machines? Concrete strategies of digital appropriation are outlined. The author argues that commons-public partnerships can be powerful political means of struggle against digital capitalism.Acknowledgement: This article was first published as a book chapter. It is reproduced based on a Creative Commons licence. Original source: Fuchs, Christian. 2019. Appropriation of Digital Machines and Appropriation of Fixed Capital as the Real Appropriation of Social Being: Reflections on Toni Negri’s Chapter. In Digital Objects, Digital Subjects: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Capitalism, Labour and Politics in the Age of Big Data, 215-221. London: University of Westminster Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16997/book29.s
Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Systemic Sclerosis: Experience of Two Tertiary Centers in Turkey
Authors: Izcı Duran Tugba , Pamukcu Melih , Ulusoy Hasan
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To define the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), and to investigate the risk factors affecting the prevalence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which are important causes of morbidity and mortality.
Patients and methods: 88 patients with SSc were compared according to the presence of ILD and PAH. ILD was confirmed by chest computed tomography, and PAH was suspected and considered probable PAH when right ventricular systolic pressure was >40 mmHg according to echocardiography.
Results: Of the 88 patients, 44.3% had diffuse-type and 55.7% had limited-type SSc. Diffuse type, percentages of positive anti-scleroderma-70 (anti-Scl70) antibody and anti-centromere antibody, white blood cell (WBC), platelet, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), smoking, and presence of the sclerodactyly and telangiectasia differed significantly in SSc with ILD group. The positive titer of anti-Scl70 antibody (odds ratio (OR)=6.124, p=0.004), platelet count (OR=0.138, p=0.002), ESR (OR=1.042, p=0.035) and presence of telangiectasia (OR=10.571, p=0.001) were associated with ILD in patients with SSc. Also, while diffuse-type (OR=0.223, p=0.010), the presence of sclerodactyly (OR=11.112, p=0.028) and telangiectasia (OR=3.861, p=0.020) were risk factors for the development of ILD in nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern, anti-Scl-70 antibody positivity (OR=12.921, p=0.019) and high ESR (OR=1.034, p=0.030) were found to be risk factors for the development of usual interstitial pneumonia pattern.
Conclusion: Positive titer of the anti-Scl70 antibody, diffuse type, presence of telangiectasia, and high ESR were independently associated with ILD in SSc patients.
The Moral Asymmetry of Conscientious Provision and Conscientious Refusal: Insights from Oppression and Allyship
Authors: Matthews Richard
Published: May 2024

Conscientious refusal involves decisions by healthcare workers, on grounds of their conscience, to refuse to provide legal, professionally permissible and safe health interventions to patients. Conscientious provision involves decisions by healthcare workers, also on grounds of conscience, to provide safe and beneficial healthcare to patients that is prohibited by law or policy. Some bioethicists believe that the moral issues governing both are identical, and that if one permits conscientious refusals, one should also permit conscientious provisions. This article argues that this assumption of symmetry is incorrect. To demonstrate this, it does the following: first, it establishes why it matters that we understand the difference between them; second, it describes three recent cases of conscientious provision in Canadian healthcare to help characterize its nature and scope; third, it situates these cases in a socio-economically nuanced analysis of the role of the conscientious provider under conditions or privilege and oppression; finally, it applies insights from the cases and the intersectional analysis to common criticisms of conscientious refusal to reinforce the fundamental asymmetries between conscientious refusal and conscientious provision.
IMPROVING THE PLANTS EFFICIENCY OF THERMAL INCINERATION HOUSEHOLD WASTE BY RECOVERING WASTE HEAT
Authors: Fialko N.M. , Navrodska R.O. , Shevchuk S.І , Gnedash G.О. , Martiuk O.V.
Published: May 2024

The work is devoted to research on the creation of recovery exchanger for waste heat exhaust gases of household waste incineration plants. The purpose of the work is to develop a technical solution for the heat recovery exchanger of waste incineration plants (WIP) and determine its thermal efficiency indicators. The main objectives of the study were to analysis of the modern experience of using the WIP and establish requirements for the creation of a exhaust gas heat recovery exchanger, develop a new technical solution for the heat recovery exchanger, and determine the change patterns in its main thermal indicators in different operating modes of the WIP. The known methods of thermal calculation of heat exchangers and the results of previous studies on the development and implementation of heat recovery equipment operating on dusty gases were used. The results of work on the creation of a new technical solution for an air-heating heat recovery exchanger with the ability to clean working surfaces from dust deposits are presented. The heat exchange surface of the heat recovery exchanger is composed of steel panels formed by tubes with membranes. The tubes applied have circular flow turbulizators on their internal surfaces. Turbulizators provide heat transfer intensification by 1.4 to 1.8 times with a moderate increase in aerodynamic resistance compared to other methods of heat transfer intensification. The regularities of changes in the main indicators of the heat recovery unit in different operating modes during the year in the practical range of changes in its input parameters were established. The research results show that, depending on the initial temperatures of gases and air, the excess air ratio in exhaust gases and the dust level of the working surface, the heat recovery exchanger provides heating capacity of 72-263 kW; cooling of exhaust gases to a temperature of 107-245 °C; heating of air to 96-220 °C. It was also established that the deposition of dust on the heat exchange surface of the heat recovery unit under the considered conditions leads to a decrease in the heating air temperature by 1.3-1.4 times and an increase in the final exhaust gas temperature by 1.1-1.2 times. At the same time, the heating capacity of the heat recovery exchanger is reduced by half. To increase heat recovery efficiency, it is necessary to periodically clean the working surfaces of the heat recovery unit with compressed air.
Constitutional and legal aspects of the ratio of international and domestic law
Authors: Yerzhanova F.A. , Abdakimova M.Yu.
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the content and role of constitutional legal regulation of the ratio of domestic and international law in Kazakhstan and foreign countries. The authors show the domestic and foreign specifics of the constitutional regulation of the correlation of national and international law, different approaches of legislators to fixing the correlation of domestic and international law in the Basic Laws are indicated. The article also addresses the problems of interaction between international and constitutional law. The authors highlight theoretical and practical issues related to the incorporation of international law into the legal systems of states by the Constitutions of foreign countries and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on the comparative legal analysis, the features of fixing the correlation of domestic and international law in the constitutions of foreign countries are revealed. The issues of fixing the norms of general international law and international treaties in the Constitutions of various countries are also considered. Conclusions have been made, in particular, that the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a whole is in line with global trends in the development of constitutional law, due to universal globalization and internationalization of law; about the need for further scientific development of theoretical and practical issues relating, for example, to the conceptand content of universally recognized principles and norms of international law, their place in the hierarchy of legal systems of states. As one of the directions for further improvement of constitutional legislation, a proposal has been formulated to include in the constitutional and legal law provisions on universally recognized principles and norms of international law on human rights.
Cultural rights and freedoms of the individual enshrined in the Constitution abroad: a comparative analysis
Authors: Birmanova A.I. , Balgimbekova G.U. , Lavnichak A.
Published: May 2024

In the scientific article on the basis of studying the legislation of foreign countries the comparative legal analysis of legal regulation of cultural rights is given. The article analyzes the impact of universal and regional international treaties that enshrine cultural human rights on the constitutional legislation of a number of European States. The inclusion of cultural rights in the category of constitutionally enshrined is one of the features of the development of the legislative process in many countries of the world since the second half of the XX century. The purpose of the article is to show the development of «cultural law», and the task is to reveal the concept of cultural law on the example of the analysis of the legislation of the CIS countries and some Western European countries. Attention is drawn to the fact that the constitutions of European countries do not directly provide for the right of access to cultural property as a set of legal institutions, but a number of laws contain certain elements of this right. The methodological basis of this scientific work was dialectical, systemic, comparative legal, normative and other methods of cognition. The conclusion is formulated that the task of each state is not only their detailing in the national legislation, but also practical implementation for the purpose of preservation and rational use of the cultural heritage. It is concluded that the study of foreign experience of legislative regulation of cultural rights provides ample opportunities for its use in practice.
Analisis Problematika Membaca Pemahaman Teks Deskripsi Pada Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Septya Murfiana Anggie , Widiansyah Apriyanti , Dariyanto
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh problematika mengenai membaca pemahaman teks deskripsi pada siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar yang dapat dilihat dari kurangnya pemahaman siswa mengenai pertanyaan yang mengandung unsur 5W+1H (what, why, who, when, where, dan how). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman siswa dan menganalisis mengenai problematika membaca pemahaman teks deskripsi yang di alami oleh siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu guru kelas IVA dan siswa kelas IVA, sebanyak 31 siswa sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini terdapat 3 guru dan 3 siswa kelas IVA SDN Harapan Baru 1 Bekasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan melalui teknik observasi, wawancara, dan hasil dokumentasi serta teknik analisis data yang digunakan berupa data collection, data reduction, data display, dan conclusion. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar mengalami problematika mengenai membaca pemahaman teks deskripsi, yaitu kurangnya pemahaman siswa mengenai apa itu 5W+1H, cara menentukan kalimat utama yang tepat, serta membuat sebuah kesimpulan dengan menggunakan bahasa sendiri. Terdapatnya beberapa problematika yang di alami oleh siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar tersebut dapat mempengaruhi faktor pemahaman membaca siswa.
Kreativitas Guru Di Era Vuca : Literatur Review Secara Sistematis Dan Analisis Bibliometric
Authors: Mulyoto  , Madhakomala  , Rugaiyah
Published: May 2024

Guru yang kreatif mampu menghasilkan metode pengajaran yang  fleksibel, inovatif, dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan siswa, mempersiapkan mereka untuk menghadapi lingkungan yang tidak  pasti dan tidak stabil. Kreativitas guru juga memungkinkan siswa untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis, kreatif, dan analitis, serta keterampilan kolaboratif dan komunikasi. Tujuan dari tinjauan literatur secara sistematik ini untuk mengulas hasil penelitian yang terkait dengan topik kreativitas guru. Protokol tinjauan sistematis dirancang dan diimplementasikan dalam prosedur pencarian literatur sistematis yang dilakukan di tiga platform yaitu Sciencedirect, Emerald dan Springer Link yang berupa basis data elektronik. Protokol seleksi literatur menggunakan metode PRISMA. Hasil studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa penelitian lima tahun terakhir tentang kreativitas guru adalah terkait dengan Teknologi, STEAM, Efikasi diri, lingkungan pendidikan, disposisi kreatif, berfikir kreatif, motivasi dan minat siswa. Agar tercipta guru yang kreatif dalam mengajar perlu kerjasama semua pihak pihak guru harus mau membuka diri mengikuti perkembangan teknologi, serta pihak pimpinan lembaga pendidikan harus mampu menciptakan lingkungan yang kreatif dan inovatif sehingga guru dapat mengembangkan kreativitas mereka dengan penuh percaya diri sehingga dapat secara efektif menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang menantang dan inovatif bagi siswa.
Model Cooperative Learning Tipe Think Talk Write Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Pantun Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Novianti Firda , Hafizah  , Diba Catur Putri Fara
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pembelajaran keterampilan menulis pantun yang dilatar belakangi penggunaan model pembelajaran yang kurang tepat. Oleh karena itu Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis pantun di tingkat sekolahdasar. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakankelas yang meliputi beberapa tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, refleksi dengan subjek penelitian 23 siswa kelas V SDIT Al-Muhsiniyyah dengan menerapkan model cooperative learning tipe Think Talk Write . Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa lembar observasi dan tes. Intrumenpenelitian yang digunakan meliputi lembar aktivitas siswa,aktivitas guru, wawancara dan soal tes, sementara teknik analisisdata yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif.Hasil yang didapat dalam peneitan ini sebagai berikut: a).Pengunaan model pembelajaran mampu meningkatakan hasil belajar siswa dalam menulis pantun, berdasarkan hasil tes pada prasiklus yaitu 47,83% atau 11 siswa yang mampu menulis pantun,kemudian pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 65,22% atau 15 siswa dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 86,96% atau 20 siswa yang dapat menulis pantun secara baik dan benar. b). Siswa menjadilebih aktif pada saat pembelajaran berlangusung. Maka dapatdisimpulkan bahwa hasil penelitian ini berimplikasi terhadap pengguanaan model cooperative learning tipe Think Talk Writesebagai moda pembelajaran inovatif dalam keterampilan menulis pantun pada siswa kelas V SDIT Al-Muhsiniyyah.
Kemampuan Menulis Permulaan Siswa SD Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Aprillia Ayuningtyas Dinda , Suharjuddin
Published: May 2024

Pada observasi yang sudah dilakukan oleh peneliti, peneliti memilih permasalahan tentang kesulitan menulis permulaan padasiswa kelas IIIC di SDN Harapan Baru II, menulis permulaan dianggap akan menjadi dasar dalam peningkatan dan pengembangan kemampuan siswa pada jenjang selanjutnya, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tau kesulitan yang dialami siswa dan mencari tau faktor faktor penyebab siswa mengalami kesulitan menulis permulan. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini dalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dimana peneliti ingin mengetahui kesulitan menulis yang ada pada siswa kelas III C dan peneliti ingin mengetahui faktor yang menyebabkan kesulitan dalam menulis. Penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk melihat faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan kesulitan menulis permulaan sehingga guru dapat melihat apa saja kesulitan yang dialami siswa dan memperbaiki hasil tulisan siswa.
Kebijakan dan Strategi Pengembangan IPTEK dalam Pendidikan
Authors: Arjul Muhammad , Madhakomala R , Rugaiyah
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis seperti apa kebijakan IPTEK Indonesia, strategi apa yang dikembangkan, apa saja problem utama IPTEK nasional kita, serta apa solusi yang tepat. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif-deskriprif dan menelisik kebijakan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi (IPTEK) Indonesia, dimulai dari strategi yang dikembangkan, problem utama IPTEK nasional, dan solusinya. Dinamika kebijakan IPTEK dan inovasi Indonesia bertranformasi dalam lima era, pertama adalah era peletak dasar dan perintis sistem IPTEK dan inovasi (1945-1966), kedua adalah era pengembangan proyek industri strategis nasional (1966-1998), ketiga adalah era penataan kembali sistem nasional penelitian, pengembangan, dan penerapan IPTEK (1998-2004), keempat adalah era membangkitkan sistem inovasi nasional (2004-2014), hingga era kelima yakniintegrasi sistem nasional riset dan inovasi (2015-2024). Pada era kelima ini, dibentuk Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) dengan berbagai kebijakan dan langkah strategis, dengan harapan dapat mengejar ketertinggalan sekaligus menjawab berbagai problema utama yang ada. Adapun hasil temuan adalah pengembangan IPTEK Nasional harus dilihat secara holistik, mulai dari SDM, infrastruktur, tata kelola, anggaran, kebijakan, ekosistem penelitian dan inovasi, dan kesiapan dalam knowledge base economy Beberapa langkah solutif pun ditempuh. Berdasarkan hasil temuan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penguatan peran IPTEK membutuhkan komitmen jangka panjang dengan alokasi sumber daya memadai karena tanpa dukungan kelembagaan IPTEK yang baik dan berkualitas, beberapa problem IPTEK yang dihadapi Indonesia akan sulit diselesaikan.
Система, системність, систематизація як детермінанти фундаменталізації математичної підготовки студентів технічних спеціальностей
Authors: Коломієць Альона , Сачанюк-Кавецька Наталя , Ковальчук Майя
Published: May 2024

The work is devoted to outlining the relationships between the concepts of system, systematicity, systematization, and fundamentalization of mathematical training. The purpose of the article is to reveal the meaning of the definitions system, systematicity, systematization in the context of the fundamentalization of mathematical training and to demonstrate the relationship of these concepts, to describe the concepts of mathematical training, fundamentalization of mathematical training. It has been established that Mathematical training is a dialectical combination of the process of forming mathematical knowledge and skills and the result of this process - their formation at the appropriate level. The main features of fundamentalization include: the isolation of the core of mathematical invariants, which are conservative and essentially basic for the construction of other mathematical objects for the purpose of their application in the study of special disciplines and in professional activities; generalization of knowledge; totality, combination of components of mathematical education. It has been established that the system is a set of interconnected elements (components of the system) that form a coherent structure, functioning together as a single entity; systematicity is an integral characteristic of systems that indicates a methodical or organized approach in the system, that is, it is a quality characteristic of systems that ensures their organized and methodical functioning, systematization is the process of arranging or organizing elements according to the system. Systematization involves the construction of information objects in a predetermined sequence. The concepts of «fundamentalization» and «system» are dialectically related: on the one hand, fundamentalization shows signs of a system (integrity, structuredness, interrelationship of elements), on the other hand, fundamentalization contributes to the selection of fundamental principles and laws of the system, highlighting the fundamental ones. Systematicity and systematization are conceptual concepts that function to build systems and ensure their functioning.
Сучасна лекція: традиції і новаторство
Authors: Дмитрук Лілія
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the concept of «lecture», considers the role of the modern lecture in the educational process. The purpose, tasks, advantages and disadvantages of the educational lecture are outlined, the classification of lectures according to various criteria is presented. It is emphasized that the traditional lecture in institutions of higher education remains an important form of organization of education. By using interactive elements and other strategies, it is possible to improve its effectiveness and ensure better learning of the material by students.It was analyzed that non-traditional lectures, such as multimedia, problem lectures, lecture, lecture-conversation, lecture-discussion, lecture-conference represent an innovative approach to learning, aimed at actively involving students and creating a stimulating environment for learning. They allow expanding new learning opportunities, contribute to the active assimilation of the material at a deeper level and the development of critical thinking, analytical and communication skills, creativity, independence of students, allow to create a stimulating atmosphere for interaction and exchange of ideas between the participants of the event, open up new opportunities for effective learning and improving the quality of education.It was noted that the lecture process at the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University is an important element of education, which provides students not only with professional knowledge, but also develops their professional and personal qualities
ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ВІДШКОДУВАННЯ ШКОДИ, ЗАВДАНОЇ ПРАВООХОРОННИМИ ОРГАНАМИ, ЗА ЗАКОНОДАВСТВОМ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Гавриленко О.О.
Published: May 2024

У даній науковій статті досліджується питання врегулювання механізму відшкодування шкоди, завданої особі незаконними рішеннями, діями чи бездіяльністю органу, що здійснює оперативно-розшукову діяльність, досудове розслідування, прокуратури або суду в національному законодавстві України. Визначено, що норми, які регулюють відшкодування шкоди, завданої згаданими вище правоохоронними органами, існують в нормативно-правових актах різної юридичної сили. Серед таких актів необхідно виділити Конституцію України, ЦК України, Закон України «Про порядок відшкодування шкоди, завданої громадянинові незаконними діями органів, що здійснюють оперативно-розшукову діяльність, органів досудового розслідування, прокуратури та суду» та положення про застосування даного закону. Визначене правове регулювання механізму відшкодування шкоди, завданої правоохоронними органами, в національному законодавстві України можна оцінити як позитивне. Однак існують певні спірні питання, вирішення яких може зробити регулювання даного правового інституту ще більш ефективним. Встановлено, що між ст. 1176 ЦК України та положеннями Закону України «Про порядок відшкодування шкоди, завданої громадянинові незаконними діями органів, що здійснюють оперативно-розшукову діяльність, органів досудового розслідування, прокуратури та суду» є неузгодженість щодо терміну, який використовується для визначен- ня категорії осіб, які мають право на відшкодування шкоди. Ст. 1176 ЦК України використовує термін «фізична особа», тоді як в законі використовується термін «громадянин». Термін «громадянин» є вужчим за термін «фізична особа» і не охоплює собою, зокрема, іноземців та осіб без громадянства, яким також може бути завдана шкода правоохоронними органами, що підлягатиме відшкодуванню. Запропоновано внести зміни в закон та замінити в його назві та тексті термін «громадянин» на «фізична особа» як один із можливих способів усунення неузгодженості. Також у статті розглянуто деякі проблемні моменти національного зако- нодавства України, що регулює відшкодування шкоди, завданої правоохоронними органами, на які звертають увагу інші науковці.
ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНЕ ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Корольова В.В.  , Софина І.В.
Published: May 2024

На сьогодні діяльність Національної поліції України у сфері забезпечення публічної безпеки є складним і проблемним процесом. Її функціонування в системі публічної безпеки й порядку включає багато пи- тань щодо законодавчого та нормативного регулювання. Національна поліція є спеціальним органом у механізмі держави, призначеним для безпосереднього забезпечення належного рівня публічної безпеки. Відповідно до стат- ті 1 Закону України «Про Національну поліцію» від 2 липня 2015 року, Національна поліція України - центральний орган виконавчої влади, що слугує суспільству шляхом забезпечення захисту прав і свобод людини, боротьбі зі злочинністю та підтримання громадської безпеки. Місце і роль поліції України в системі національної безпеки визначається за допомогою відповідних функцій, які на нею покладаються. На жаль, чинний Закон України «Про Національну поліцію» не містить переліку функцій, як це було раніше в Законі України «Про міліцію». Попереднє законодавство, зокрема в частині 1 статті 7, визначало такі функції, як адміністративна, превентивна, опера- тивно-розшукова, кримінально-процесуальна, виконавча та охоронна. Згідно із п. 28 ст. 10 Закону України «Про міліцію» необхідною до виконання була функція щодо державного захисту суддів, працівників суду, гарантування безпеки учасників судового процесу. Пунктом 21 ст. 11 Закону було передбачено виконання контрольних і про- філактичних функцій. На нашу думку, ці функції, визначені для міліції, залишаються актуальними на сьогодні і їх мають виконувати представники Національної поліції. Забезпечення публічної безпеки та порядку є проміжною метою діяльності Національної поліції, а саме виконання цих функцій стає завданням цієї діяльності.