bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving futsal passing skills in the PJOK learning process through wall media aids in grade X1 Science 1 students of SMA Negeri 1 South Bengkulu
Authors: Julianti Tri Chenda , Pujianto Dian , Nopiyanto Yahya Eko
Published: June 2024

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah dengan menggunakan alat bantu berupa media dinding dapat meningkatkan keterampilan passing peserta didik di kelas XI IPA 1. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek  pada  penelitian ini ialah 25 peserta didik dari kelas XI IPA 1 di SMA Negeri 1 Bengkulu Selatan. Teknik pengumpulan data dikumpulkan melalui instrumen penelitian yang bersumber dari peserta didik dan juga guru. Penelitian ini dilakukan  sebanyak 2 siklus yang dimana setiap siklus memiliki 4 tahap yaitu : perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Adapun hasil observasi terhadap proses belajar mengajar dengan menggunakan alat bantu berupa media dinding pada pembelajaran PJOK, kegiatan awal yaitu pra siklus memperoleh rata-rata 56% (Kurang), sedangkan siklus 1 memperoleh rata-rata 68% (Kurang), dan siklus 2 memperoleh rata-rata 80% (Baik). Berdasarkan dari hasil yang telah didapat tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwasannya dengan menggunakan alat bantu berupa media dinding pada pembelajaran PJOK dapat meningkatkan keterampilan passing futsal peserta didik.
Kata Kunci : Dinding, Futsal, Media, Proses
Abstract
This study aims to find out whether using tools in the form of wall media can improve the passing skills of students in grade XI Science 1. This study used the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method. The subjects in this study were 25 students from class XI Science 1 at SMA Negeri 1 South Bengkulu. Data collection techniques were collected through research instruments sourced from students and teachers. This research was conducted as many as 2 cycles where each cycle has 4 stages, namely: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. As for the results of observations on the teaching and learning process using tools in the form of wall media in PJOK learning, the initial activity, namely pre-cycle obtained an average of 56% (Less), while cycle 1 obtained an average 68% (Less), and cycle 2 obtained an average 80% (Good). Based on the results that have been obtained, it can be concluded that using tools in the form of wall media in PJOK learning can improve students' futsal passing skills.
Keywords : Futsal, Media, Process, Wall
Foreign Policy and Critical Security: The US Foreign Policy Towards Israel
Authors: Yaşar Fatih
Published: June 2024

Security is defined differently by classical and critical perspectives. The debate on security between classical and critical perspectives illustrates the inadequacy of the classical tradition. This article provides the approaches of classical and critical perspectives towards security and their shortcomings. The article argues that critical perspectives are much more effective than the classical approach regarding the understanding and resolution of security problems. It provides a critical reformulation of Foreign Policy (FP) which has been based on the classical approach. The article also examines the US FP towards Israel regarding the Arab-Israel wars and the US peace efforts, recommending that the US adopt an FP based on critical security for these issues.
Challenges and Stress While Teaching Problem Solving in Mathematics
Authors: Pavković Ivana-Marija , Marangunić Nikola
Published: June 2024

The purpose of our research is to examine what challenges and stressors teachers face when teaching problem solving in mathematics classes, whether they do problem solving mostly with gifted or better students than with other students in the class. We used a quantitative research method through a survey questionnaire that teachers filled out online. Hypotheses were tested with the Kruskal-Wallis’s test to determine differences between groups of teachers. The results showed that teachers, regardless of the university they graduated from and the average number of students in the class, define the same challenges that students and teachers face when solving problems, and that they try to implement problem solving with all students in the class, not only with the gifted. Teachers report that problem-solving teaching takes a lot of time and preparation, and that problem-solving take time during class. Such teaching itself is demanding in preparation. For the challenges faced by students, teachers state students' quick withdrawal, lack of self-confidence, and lack of prior knowledge and problem-solving skills. It is difficult for teachers to achieve the outcomes by solving problems in mathematics classes, but they are aware that solving problems gives students better skills. It is important to understand the impact of teacher stress and reduce the stressors that teachers face when solving problems in class, because teacher stress affects student success in problem solving, which is related to student success in mathematics.
Penerapan Pengendalian Kualitas Felt Antivibration dengan Metode PDCA dan FMEA Di PT. Dharmalindo Eka Persada
Authors: Pramudya Dimas Irfan , Khamaludin Khamaludin , Maftukhah Siti
Published: June 2024

PT. Dharmalindo Eka Persada adalah perusahaan yang menghasilkan produk Felt Antivibration, dalam periode desember 2022 sampai februari 2023 kecacatan produk melebihi standar kualitas perusahaan yaitu 12%. Sehingga perlu dilakukan identifikasi dan langkah perbaikan, metode yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan PDCA dan FMEA, dari hasil analisis diagram pareto terdapat 3 jenis cacat yang dominan yaitu lem tidak menempel, foam sobek dan cutting tidak rata, fishbone diagram digunakan untuk mengetahui penyebab kecacatan pada 3 jenis cacat tersebut, dari hasil analisa FMEA penyebab utama kecacatan adalah salah mengukur setingan pisau di mesin cutting dengan nilai RPN 78,8. Pada tahap do tindakan perbaikan yaitu dengan meningkatkan pengawasan oleh bagian quality control terhadap operator mesin cutting, operator mesin mixing, dan operator mesin sticker, mengganti komponen pada mesin yang sudah rusak dengan yang baru, menggunakan alat temperatur suhu ruangan dan mempunyai stok pisau mesin cutting. Tahap check, nilai RPN dari hasil setelah perbaikan penyebab utama kecacatan salah mengukur setingan mesin cutting adalah 30,8, selanjutnya adalah tahap check yaitu melakukan standarisasi dari hasil do yang telah diterapkan.
Ketahanan Degradasi Lapisan Bening Poliuretan Berbasis Akrilik Poliol Dengan Hexan Diisosianat Oleh Accelerated Weathering
Authors: Wahyuning Nur , Khamaludin Khamaludin , Arlianti Lily
Published: June 2024

Proses automotive coatings melibatkan tahapan persiapan bodi mobil, yaitu primer surfacer, basecoats, dan clearcoats. Clearcoat merupakan lapisan bening poliuretan yang terbentuk dengan merekasikan poliol (-OH) dan isosianat (-NCO-). Poliuretan digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi, termasuk coatings pada otomotif. keunggulan poliuretan dalam automotive coatings mencakup kemampuannya untuk melindungi cat kendaraan dari kerusakan akibat bahan kimia dan sinar matahari, memberikan efek kilau yang menarik pada kendaraan, serta tahan terhadap goresan dan korosi. Namun demikian, terdapat kelemahan lapisan poliuretan pada kendaraan, yaitu kurangnya kestabilan terhadap sinar matahari yang dapat menyebabkan perubahan lapisan bening poliuretan menjadi kekuningan atau bahkan menyebabkan perubahan warna pada warna asli kendaraan. Salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi ketahanan lapisan poliuretan terhadap sinar matahari adalah proses percepatan degradasi cuaca (accelerated weathering). Perubahan fisik yang terjadi pada lapisan setelah menjalani proses degradasi dapat diukur dengan memantau retensi kilau dan perubahan dimensi ketebalannya. Penelitian ini melaksanakan serangkaian uji dengan berbagai variasi komposisi perbandingan OH/NCO, dengan rasio antara 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, dan 6:1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi OH/NCO dengan rasio 2:1 menghasilkan hasil yang paling optimal dalam menjaga ketahanan terhadap sinar matahari, tanpa mengalami perubahan lapisan poliuretan menjadi kekuningan atau merusak warna asli kendaraan.
Perancangan Rumah Ramah Lingkungan Di Desa Kertawangunan, Kuningan, Jawa Barat
Authors: Prianingsih Dini , Sujana Dadang , Abdillah Hafiz
Published: June 2024

Kertawangunan Town, Kuningan, West Java is a region that has a great deal of green open land as rice fields and ranches. The land can be utilized for harmless to the ecosystem structures like houses. The plan of harmless to the ecosystem private houses is planned by considering parts of existing site conditions, sun powered dissemination, wind development, and other natural perspectives to address private issues for warm solace. To accomplish that should be possible with the technique for normal ventilation and regular lighting. From the consequences of the review it was observed that the best structure direction is pointing toward the east-west, toward this path the sun sparkles the entire day. On the off chance that the light power is high, vegetation can be established nearby around the structure with obscure and cooling tree species. It can likewise give an option in contrast to the structure, like making wooden sheets toward the sun to lessen brightness and expand openings to course air from outside the room. To give regular coolness to the structure, a distance is made between the structure and the current one so the breeze can move uninhibitedly in the room.
 
Keywords : Daylighting, desain and natural ventilation
Sistem Informasi Aplikasi Kasir Berbasis Website Dengan Menggunakan Metode Waterfall
Authors: Ihza Nurul , Rahmawati Diah , Sukrim Sukrim
Published: June 2024

Kemudahan dalam proses transaksi merupakan keinginan utama pelanggan, bahkan merupakan faktor penting dalam menjalankan bisnis. Dalam hal ini, penyediaan proses transaksi yang efisien melalui aplikasi yang akan dikembangkan memiliki potensi besar untuk memberikan dukungan berarti kepada kedai atau kafe, terutama dalam situasi ruang yang terbatas dan jumlah pembeli yang banyak. Bila dibandingkan dengan pendekatan konvensional, dimana admin kasir perlu mencatat transaksi secara manual dan kemudian menghitungnya dengan kalkulator, bahkan terkadang harus membuka buku daftar harga karena tidak hafal setiap harga menu, proses transaksi melalui aplikasi ini akan memberikan banyak manfaat. Ketika kedai atau kafe sedang ramai dengan pembeli, admin kasir tidak perlu merasa kewalahan lagi. Ini akan menghindarkan antrian panjang dan menjaga kualitas layanan tetap optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan akurasi data dan administrasi yang terstruktur dalam transaksi penjualan. Pendekatan metode waterfall dipilih sebagai konsep pengembangan yang menekankan pada langkah-langkah sistematis. Oleh karena itu, penciptaan sistem dilakukan secara berurutan, dimulai dari tahap identifikasi kebutuhan hingga perawatan sistem.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 71,75, yang dalam skala yang digunakan dapat digolongkan sebagai kategori "Bagus" dengan grade (B). Proyek pengembangan sistem ini bertujuan untuk memberikan dukungan dan kemudahan bagi pihak kasir di Imun Coffee dalam mengelola proses pembayaran dan pelayanan secara efektif.
 
Kata kunci: Kasir, Pelayanan, Pembayaran, Waterfall, Website
STUDI LITERATUR : PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PHET SIMULATION MENING-KATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA DALAM ERA SOCIETY 5.0
Authors: Mardian Vivi
Published: June 2024

Since the birth of industry 4.0, almost all aspects of life have been projected onto the virtual world or the internet. Then followed again with society 5.0 which was initiated by the Japanese government. One of the SDGs goals that must be realized is the existence of quality education. Not a few teachers have difficulty in teaching during online learning. This is proven by learning at a school in West Sumatra which often only uses WhatsApp groups. The main point of the problem is that teachers or students do not master technology and learning that requires experiments in the laboratory cannot be done, especially physics. One of the effective efforts made by teachers to overcome these problems is to use appropriate learning models with the help of PhET simulation to improve students' critical thinking skills in the era of society 5.0. The analysis was carried out by collecting five national articles. The selected article category is based on the use of PhET Simulation in physics learning to improve critical thinking skills of high school/vocational high school students. The use of gallery walk, generative, inquiry, and quantum learning models assisted by PhET Simulation in physics learning has an effect on increasing students' critical thinking skills.
Berättelser om naturvetenskapliga kontroverser som ett sätt att undervisa om naturvetenskapens karaktär
Authors: Clucas Paul
Published: June 2024

Att ta kritisk ställning i samhälleliga frågor med naturvetenskapligt innehåll är en utmaning för elever. Det beror bland annat på att forskare ofta är oeniga. För att kunna hantera detta behöver elever förstå naturvetenskapens karaktär. En studie visar att undervisning som bygger på berättelser om historiska fall av naturvetenskapliga kontroverser öppnar för elevcentrerade diskussioner som berör naturvetenskapens karaktär.
AS A MEANS OF REDUCING THE LEVEL OF EXTERNAL NOISE CHASSIS KRAZ-6511NE
Authors: Fedorov Volodymyr , Bosenko Volodymyr , Litvinov Danyil
Published: June 2024

Ukraine’s full-scale war with its northern neighbor has been going on more than two years now. One of the most important laws of war is: “If you don’t detect it, you don’t hit the target.” It’s about masking. In wartime, the camouflage properties of a military vehicle are especially relevant. There are a number of ways to improve them. One of them is reducing the external noise level of a military vehicle. Using the example of the KrAZ-6511NE chassis, one of the ways to reduce noise is considered. The BM 9P140 “Uragan” antiircraft missile system is placed on this chassis. The developed silencer has the ability to change its frequency response synchronously with the change in the engine crankshaft rotation frequency. The developed muffler is a well-known twochamber reactive muffler, which is modified by the ability to change the effective lengths of the chambers. A diagram showing the operation of the developed noise muffler is given, where the main elements are: two muffler chambers, a connecting tube, piston drive mechanisms of the first and second muffler chambers, respectively, an electric motor, a control unit, and a sensor for determining the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft. The acoustic efficiency of this muffler was determined with fixed geometric parameters (outer diameter, diameters of the inlet and outlet pipes) and variable effective lengths of both chambers, families of frequency characteristics were constructed for various combinations of the muffler’s geometric parameters. To construct graphs, code was written in Python, which uses the NumPy and Matplotlib libraries. As a result of the introduction of the developed noise muffler, it is predicted that the external noise level of the KrAZ 6511НЕ chassis will decrease by 5-7 dBA in the speed range of 45-85 km/h.
DELEGATION OF A DRIVER TO THE TERRITORY OF POLAND: MAIN ASPECTS AND PROBLEMS
Authors: Lukianenko Andrii
Published: June 2024

In this scientific article, the main aspects and problems related to the process of delegation of drivers to the territory of Poland from a third country are investigated and analyzed. The study focuses on a thorough analysis of the legal, economic and socio-cultural context that defines this process. The article examines the impact of Polish legislation on delegation mechanisms, and also highlights important aspects of the efficiency and security of this process. Additional emphasis is placed on interaction between motor carriers and delegated drivers, as well as on solving possible challenges and problems that arise before the above-mentioned subjects of this process. The article provides practical recommendations for improving the management of delegated personnel and ensuring the effective functioning of this process in the context of the Polish labor market. This study can be useful for Ukrainian trucking companies, academics and legislators interested in improving the system of delegation of workers and solving related challenges. Poland, as a member state of the European Union and a strategic hub of transport routes, plays an important role in the system of international transportation. However, despite these advantages, there are numerous problems faced by drivers and companies carrying out delegation to the territory of Poland from a third country. The article analyzes the basic aspects, challenges and socio-cultural problems that are directly related to the delegation of the driver to the above-mentioned country. On the basis of this analysis, the Ukrainian truck carrier is offered specific algorithms to solve this problem.
YOLOv8MS: Algorithm for Solving Difficulties in Multiple Object Tracking of Simulated Corn Combining Feature Fusion Network and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Gao Yuliang , Li Zhen , Li Bin , Zhang Lifeng
Published: June 2024

The automatic cultivation of corn has become a significant research focus, with precision equipment operation being a key aspect of smart agriculture’s advancement. This work explores the tracking process of corn, simulating the detection and approach phases while addressing three major challenges in multiple object tracking: severe occlusion, dense object presence, and varying viewing angles. To effectively simulate these challenging conditions, a multiple object tracking dataset using simulated corn was created. To enhance accuracy and stability in corn tracking, an optimization algorithm, YOLOv8MS, is proposed based on YOLOv8. Multi-layer Fusion Diffusion Network (MFDN) is proposed for improved detection of objects of varying sizes, and the Separated and Enhancement Attention Module (SEAM) is introduced to tackle occlusion issues. Experimental results show that YOLOv8MS significantly enhances the detection accuracy, tracking accuracy and tracking stability, achieving a mean average precision (mAP) of 89.6% and a multiple object tracking accuracy (MOTA) of 92.5%, which are 1% and 6.1% improvements over the original YOLOv8, respectively. Furthermore, there was an average improvement of 4% in the identity stability indicator of tracking. This work provides essential technical support for precision agriculture in detecting and tracking corn.
Phenotypic Dissection of Drought Tolerance in Virginia and Carolinas within a Recombinant Inbred Line Population Involving a Spanish and a Virginia-Type Peanut Lines
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Haak David C. , Dunne Jeffrey C. , Balota Maria
Published: June 2024

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a rainfed crop grown in both tropical and subtropical agro-climatic regions of the world where drought causes around 20% yield losses per year. In the United States, annual losses caused by drought are around $50 million. The objective of this research was to (1) identify genetic variation for the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), canopy temperature depression (CTD), relative chlorophyll content by SPAD reading (SCMR), CO2 assimilation rate, and wilting among recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from two diverse parents N08086olJCT and ICGV 86015, to (2) determine if the physiological traits can be used for expediting selection for drought tolerance, and (3) experimental validation to identify lines with improved yield under water-limited conditions. Initially, 337 lines were phenotyped under rainfed production and a selected subset of 52 RILs were tested under rainout shelters, where drought was imposed for eight weeks during the midseason (July and August). We found that under induced drought, pod yield was negatively correlated with wilting and CTD, i.e., cooler canopy and high yield correlated positively with the NDVI and SPAD. These traits could be used to select genotypes with high yields under drought stress. RILs #73, #56, #60, and #31 performed better in terms of yield under both irrigated and drought conditions compared to check varieties Bailey, a popular high-yielding commercial cultivar, and GP-NC WS 17, a drought-tolerant germplasm.
Identifying Credit Accessibility Mechanisms for Conservation Agriculture Farmers in Cambodia
Authors: Men Punlork , Hok Lyda , Seeniang Panchit , Middendorf B. Jan , Dokmaithes Rapee
Published: June 2024

As the expected cost of conservation agriculture (CA) inputs becomes an issue for farmers, financial institutions (FIs) play an essential role in promoting CA, a set of agricultural management practices with multiple positive effects. This research aimed to determine influencing factors, to rank challenges, and identify mechanisms for farmers to access agricultural credit for adoption of CA management practices in Cambodia. It was administered by conducting a survey of 242 randomly selected households for face-to-face interviews and conducting key informant interviews from purposive samples of 28 participants in Battambang and Preah Vihear provinces. The results indicated that influencing factors, including the family, adult labor and total farm size, had a positive relationship with farmers’ accessibility to agricultural credit, whereas age was negative. However, education year, farm size for main crops, on-farm income and farm experience were not significantly associated. High interest rates were the significant first-order challenge ranked, followed by document process complication, limited agricultural credit information, limited collateral security and a few other challenges. Support and improved process mechanisms to enhance credit accessibility are required to engage with multiple stakeholders, including farmers, FIs, non-government organizations (NGOs) and government officers. There has been a reduction in agricultural credit interest rates and incentives for importing CA inputs by the government, while provision of information support for agribusiness plans by NGOs which have implemented development project activities were considered as the main support mechanism. An improved process mechanism at the farmers’ level needs to include access to credit with low interest rates and a straightforward documentation process, whereas the FI level requires a business plan for lending decisions. It is evident that high lending rates hinder access to agricultural credit and the improvement of support and improved process mechanisms are necessary to better promote CA practices among farmers in Cambodia.
CO2 LASER versus Blade Scalpel Surgery in the Management of Nasopharyngeal Masses in Dogs
Authors: Carreira L. Miguel , Alexandre-Pires Graça , Azevedo Pedro
Published: June 2024

We aimed to compare surgical time, bleeding level, patient pain level, healing period, scar tissue, relapse of the initial process and complications in patients with nasopharyngeal oncological masses undergoing surgery using a scalpel blade versus a CO2 surgical laser. This is a clinical prospective study comprising surgical work in the nasopharynx area. A sample of 12 inpatients dogs (N = 12) of both genders underwent a surgical excision of nasopharyngeal masses with a scalpel blade (GS n = 6) and CO2 surgical laser (GL n = 6). An Aesculigth CO2 surgical laser-Vetscalpel® model with a superpulse mode, 12 W of power, and a multi-focus pen was used. Statistically significant differences were registered for a p-value of < 0.05. Variations were noted between both groups (GS and GL) concerning surgery time (p = 0.038), first meal time (p = 0.013), pain level (p = 0.003), and healing time (p = 0.014), with the GL group presenting lower values. GL exhibited only one relapse case, with the elapsed time being more than double that of the GS group. Surgical and healing times were shorter in the GL group, and pain levels were lower, with the GL group also demonstrating less scar tissue than the GS group, along with a lower relapse rate. Nasopharynx surgical exposure with precision via the soft palate using the CO2 laser has facilitated successful treatment of regional masses without discomfort and complications, compared to conventional blade scalpel procedures.
Surgical Correction of Infundibular Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect in a Cat: A Case Report
Authors: Aoki Takuma , Terakado Tomomi , Jingya Yao , Iwasaki Kentaro , Shimoda Hayato , Fukamachi Naoyuki , Miyamoto Takashi
Published: June 2024

Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) can lead to congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, particularly in patients with large shunts. However, no surgical treatment for feline VSD has been reported. Here, we elucidated the first surgical correction of an infundibular muscular VSD in a one-year-old Ragdoll cat, atypically located and classified under the Soto classification rather than the standard Kirklin classification, through cardiac arrest using cardiopulmonary bypass—a method rarely used in feline cardiac surgery. Detailed echocardiography revealed that the defect required intervention owing to left heart and main pulmonary artery enlargement. Despite the VSD being located on the contralateral side, as anticipated in the preoperative examinations, the choice of median sternotomy allowed for the successful closure of the defect. Conversely, the insertion of two cannulas into the ascending aorta resulted in damage to the adjacent thoracic duct, causing transient chylothorax, which was resolved with conservative treatment. Cardiac arrest induced by a cardioplegic solution facilitated the surgical procedure, although it leads to anemia in cats. However, on postoperative day 490, the patient exhibited only minor residual shunting, with normalized heart size, and remained healthy. This technique appears to be a viable treatment option for congenital heart disease in cats.
Effects of Dietary Inclusion of a Proprietary Combination of Quillaja saponaria and Yucca schidigera on Intestinal Permeability and Immune Response in Broiler Chickens during a Coccidia Challenge
Authors: Saddoris-Clemons Kari , Osho Saheed , Garcia Miriam , Humphrey Brooke
Published: June 2024

This study assessed the impact of Magni-Phi Ultra (MPU) inclusion on intestinal integrity and immunity in broiler chickens challenged with coccidia during peak and recovery phases. A total of 128 male Ross 708 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to one of four treatment groups (four chicks/cage). Treatments included an uninfected control (UUC); a coccidial challenge (CC) infected control (IUC); a CC fed salinomycin at 66 ppm (SAL); and a CC fed Magni-Phi Ultra at 0.11 g/kg of diet (MPU). At 16 days post-hatch, all birds in the CC groups were orally gavaged with a 3× dose of a live coccidia vaccine. At 5 dpi, the birds fed MPU and SAL showed decreased plasma FITC-d, oocyte shedding, and lesion scores and higher BWG compared to the IUC birds (p < 0.05). Jejunum IL-17, IL-10, and IFN-ϒ mRNA expression was higher in the IUC compared to the UUC (p < 0.05) group at 5 dpi. At 12 dpi, the birds fed MPU or SAL had lower plasma FITC-d and jejunum IFN-ϒ and IL-10 mRNA expression compared to the IUC birds (p < 0.05). This study indicates that MPU supports intestinal integrity and mucosal immune responses during the peak and recovery phases of infection, which may lead to improved health and performance.
Study on Changes in Gut Microbiota and Microbiability in Rabbits at Different Developmental Stages
Authors: Fu Chong , Ma Yue , Xia Siqi , Shao Jiahao , Tang Tao , Sun Wenqiang , Jia Xianbo , Wang Jie , Lai Songjia
Published: June 2024

This study used feces from 0-day-old (36 rabbits), 10-day-old (119 rabbits), and 60-day-old (119 rabbits) offspring rabbits and their corresponding female rabbits (36 rabbits) as experimental materials. Using 16s rRNA sequencing, the study analyzed the types and changes of gut microbiota in rabbits at different growth and development stages, as well as the correlation between gut microbiota composition and the weight of 60-day-old rabbits. All experimental rabbits were placed in the same rabbit shed. Juvenile rabbits were fed solid feed at 18 days of age and weaned at 35 days of age. In addition to identifying the dominant bacterial phyla of gut microbiota in rabbits at different age stages, it was found that the abundance of Clostridium tertium and Clostridium paraputrificum in all suckling rabbits (10-day-old) was significantly higher than that in rabbits fed with whole feed (60-day-old) (p < 0.05), while the abundance of Gram-negative bacterium cTPY13 was significantly lower (p < 0.05). In addition, Fast Expected Maximum Microbial Source Tracing (FEAST) analysis showed that the contribution of female rabbits’ gut microbiota to the colonization of offspring rabbits’ gut microbiota was significantly higher than that of unrelated rabbits’ gut microbiota (p < 0.05). The contribution of female rabbits’ gut microbiota to the colonization of gut microbiota in 0-day-old rabbits was significantly higher than that to the colonization of gut microbiota in the 10- and 60-day-old rabbits (p < 0.05). Finally, the correlation between gut microbiota composition and body weight of 60-day-old rabbits was analyzed based on a mixed linear model, and six ASVs significantly affecting body weight were screened. The above results provide important theoretical and practical guidance for maintaining gut health, improving growth and development performance, and feeding formulation in rabbits.
Phenotypic Identification, Genetic Characterization, and Selective Signal Detection of Huitang Duck
Authors: Ma Haojie , Lin Bingjin , Yan Zhiyao , Tong Yueyue , Liu Huichao , He Xi , Zhang Haihan
Published: June 2024

The Huitang duck (HT), a long-domesticated elite local breed from Hunan Province, China, with excellent meat quality, has not had its population genetic structure and genomic selective sweeps extensively studied to date. This study measured the phenotypic characteristics of HT and conducted comparative analysis between HT and 16 different duck breeds, including wild, indigenous, and meat breeds, to characterize its population structure and genetic potential. The results revealed that HT is a dual-purpose indigenous breed with a genetic background closely related to the Youxian sheldrake and Linwu ducks. In the selective sweep analysis between HT and Linwu ducks, genes such as PLCG2, FN1, and IGF2BP2, which are associated with muscle growth and development, were identified near the 27 selection signals. The comparison between HT and Jinding ducks revealed 68 selective signals that contained important genes associated with ovarian development (GRIK4, MAP3K8, and TGIF1) and egg-laying behaviors (ERBB4). Selective sweep analysis between HT and Youxian sheldrake ducks found 93 selective regions covering genes related to both meat (IGF1R and IGFBP5) and egg-production (FOXO3 and ITPR1) traits. Our study may provide novel knowledge for exploring the population structure and genetic potential of HT, offering a theoretical basis for its breeding strategies in the future.
Comparative Study of Bacterial Microbiota Differences in the Rumen and Feces of Xinjiang Brown and Holstein Cattle
Authors: Lu Haibo , Chen Shaokan , Li Fengjie , Zhang Guoxing , Geng Juan , Zhang Menghua , Huang Xixia , Wang Yachun
Published: June 2024

Xinjiang Brown cattle are a unique and widely distributed breed of dual-purpose cattle in the Xinjiang area of China, whose milk production performance differs from Holstein cattle. It has been known that variations in bacterial species of the gastrointestinal tract influence milk protein, fat, and lactose synthesis. However, the microbiota differences between Xinjiang Brown and Holstein cattle are less known. This study aims to compare the bacterial community composition of the rumen and feces of these two cattle breeds under the same dietary and management conditions. The 16s rRNA sequencing data and milk production of 18 Xinjiang Brown cows and 20 Holstein cows on the same farm were obtained for analysis. The results confirmed differences in milk production between Xinjiang Brown and Holstein cattle. Microbiota with different relative abundance between these two cattle breeds were identified, and their biological functions might be related to milk synthesis. This study increases the understanding of the differences in microbiota between Xinjiang Brown and Holstein cattle and might provide helpful information for microbiota composition optimization of these dairy cattle.
Effect of a Multi-Species Direct-Fed Microbial on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Intestinal Morphology and Colonic Volatile Fatty Acids in Weanling Pigs
Authors: Kongpanna Panumas , Doerr John A. , Nilubol Dachrit , Jamikorn Uttra
Published: June 2024

The potentials of ABO replacer of ENZ and DFM on growth performance, AID, colonic VFAs, gut morphology, fecal score and diarrhea incidence were evaluated. We randomly assigned 120 piglets to four experimental diets that included: (1) control diet (CON), fed the basal ration; (2) ABO was added at 250 ppm of in-feed ABO; (3) ENZ was added at a rate of 3 kg/ton feed; (4) DFM was added with 50 × 106 cfu/g of Bacillus subtilis and 2 × 106 cfu/g of Lactobacillus spp. at a rate of 1.2 kg/ton feed. A complete randomized design used six pens per treatment with five pigs per pen. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the 6-week trial. Feed intake and BW were recorded on weeks 0, 2, 4 and 6, as well as fecal scores and diarrhea incidences (visually recorded and calculated). At weeks 2 and 4, a sub-sample of pigs (n = 6) was sacrificed for intestinal morphology, enzyme activity and VFAs. The results of the study demonstrated that DFM piglets showed increased final BW (3 kg) (p < 0.001) vs. CON. Likewise, ADG was positively affected by the incorporation of ABO, ENZ and DFM in the diets, with an average increase of 8 to 17% on ADG compared with CON (p < 0.001). The AID of gross energy, organic matter, CP and EAAs in piglets fed ENZ and DFM were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of CON and ABO at weeks 2 and 4. Inclusion of DFM increased intestinal morphology, enzymatic activities and propionic and butyric acid more than in pigs fed CON, ABO and ENZ (p < 0.05). The fecal score and diarrhea incidence generally decreased over time in pigs fed DFM (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that dietary supplementation with DFM has better effects at any period on growth performance, CP and AA digestibility and beneficially altered the intestinal health in weanling piglets.
Metagenomics Analysis Reveals the Composition and Functional Differences of Fecal Microbiota in Wild, Farm, and Released Chinese Three-Keeled Pond Turtles (Mauremys reevesii)
Authors: Khan Ijaz , Bu Rongping , Ali Zeeshan , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Shi Haitao , Ding Li , Hong Meiling
Published: June 2024

The intestine of living organisms harbors different microbiota associated with the biological functioning and health of the host and influences the process of ecological adaptation. Here, we studied the intestinal microbiota’s composition and functional differences using 16S rRNA and metagenomic analysis in the wild, farm, and released Chinese three-keeled pond turtle (Mauremys reevesii). At the phylum level, Bacteroidota dominated, followed by Firmicutes, Fusobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota in the wild group, but Chloroflexi was more abundant in the farm and released groups. Moreover, Chryseobacterium, Acinetobacter, Comamonas, Sphingobacterium, and Rhodobacter were abundant in the released and farm cohorts, respectively. Cetobacterium, Paraclostridium, Lysobacter, and Leucobacter showed an abundance in the wild group. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database revealed that the relative abundance of most pathways was significantly higher in the wild turtles (carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors, and vitamins). The comprehensive antibiotic resistance database (CARD) showed that the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) subtype macB was the most abundant in the farm turtle group, while tetA was higher in the wild turtles, and srpYmcr was higher in the released group. Our findings shed light on the association between the intestinal microbiota of M. reevesii and its habitats and could be useful for tracking habitats to protect and conserve this endangered species.
Efficient and Secure EMR Storage and Sharing Scheme Based on Hyperledger Fabric and IPFS
Authors: Guo Jinxi , Zhao Kui , Liang Zhiwei , Min Kai
Published: June 2024

This study examines the issues of privacy protection, data security, and query efficiency in blockchain-based electronic medical record (EMR) sharing. It proposes a secure storage and sharing scheme for EMR based on Hyperledger Fabric and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). To mitigate the privacy risks of data mining that could reveal patient identities, we establish an attribution channel in Hyperledger Fabric to store EMR ownership information and a data channel to store the storage location, digest, and usage records of medical data. Encrypted medical data are stored in the IPFS. To improve query efficiency in the blockchain, we integrate queryable medical data attributes into a composite key for conditional queries, avoiding complex data filtering processes. Additionally, we use a zero-knowledge proof combined with smart contracts for decentralized identity verification, eliminating reliance on third-party centralized verification services and enhancing system security. We also integrate AES and proxy re-encryption techniques to ensure data security during sharing. This scheme provides a more secure, efficient, and privacy-preserving approach for EMR systems, with significant practical implications and broad application potential.
WSPolyp-SAM: Weakly Supervised and Self-Guided Fine-Tuning of SAM for Colonoscopy Polyp Segmentation
Authors: Cai Tingting , Yan Hongping , Ding Kun , Zhang Yan , Zhou Yueyue
Published: June 2024

Ensuring precise segmentation of colorectal polyps holds critical importance in the early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, existing deep learning-based segmentation methods are fully supervised, requiring extensive, precise, manual pixel-level annotation data, which leads to high annotation costs. Additionally, it remains challenging to train large-scale segmentation models when confronted with limited colonoscopy data. To address these issues, we introduce the general segmentation foundation model—the Segment Anything Model (SAM)—into the field of medical image segmentation. Fine-tuning the foundation model is an effective approach to tackle sample scarcity. However, current SAM fine-tuning techniques still rely on precise annotations. To overcome this limitation, we propose WSPolyp-SAM, a novel weakly supervised approach for colonoscopy polyp segmentation. WSPolyp-SAM utilizes weak annotations to guide SAM in generating segmentation masks, which are then treated as pseudo-labels to guide the fine-tuning of SAM, thereby reducing the dependence on precise annotation data. To improve the reliability and accuracy of pseudo-labels, we have designed a series of enhancement strategies to improve the quality of pseudo-labels and mitigate the negative impact of low-quality pseudo-labels. Experimental results on five medical image datasets demonstrate that WSPolyp-SAM outperforms current fully supervised mainstream polyp segmentation networks on the Kvasir-SEG, ColonDB, CVC-300, and ETIS datasets. Furthermore, by using different amounts of training data in weakly supervised and fully supervised experiments, it is found that weakly supervised fine-tuning can save 70% to 73% of annotation time costs compared to fully supervised fine-tuning. This study provides a new perspective on the combination of weakly supervised learning and SAM models, significantly reducing annotation time and offering insights for further development in the field of colonoscopy polyp segmentation.
Accurate Delimitation of Mine Goaves Using Multi-Attribute Comprehensive Identification and Data Fusion Technologies in 3D Seismic Exploration
Authors: Zhou Junjie , Wu Yanhui , Zhang Qingchao , Nie Zhen , Ding Tao , Zhu Guowei
Published: June 2024

Existing goaves (e.g., shafts and roadways) in mines represent important hidden dangers during the production of underlying coal seams. In this view, the accurate identification, analysis, and delimitation of the scope of goaves have become important in the 3D seismic exploration of mines. In particular, an accurate identification of the boundary swing position of goaves for 3D seismic data volumes within a certain depth interval is key and difficult at the same time. Here, a wide-band and wide-azimuth observation system was used to obtain high-resolution 3D seismic data. The complex structure of a mine was analyzed, and a seismic double processing system was applied to verify the fine processing effect of a goaf and improve the resolution of the 3D seismic data. Based on the seismic attribute identification characteristics of the goaf structure, we decided to adopt multi-attribute comprehensive identification and data fusion technologies to accurately determine the position of the goaf and of its boundary. Combining this information with the mine roadway engineering layout, we verified the accurateness and correctness of the goaf boundary location. Our study provides a good example of the accurate identification of the 3D seismic data of a roadway goaf.
Research on Hybrid Vibration Sensor for Measuring Downhole Drilling Tool Vibrational Frequencies
Authors: Liu Jiangbin , Pan Guangzhi , Wu Chuan , Feng Yanjun
Published: June 2024

The vibration parameters during drilling play a critical role in enhancing drilling speed and ensuring safety. However, traditional downhole vibration sensors face limitations in their power supply methods, hindering widespread adoption. To address this challenge, our research introduces a novel solution: a hybrid downhole vibration sensor (HDV-TENG) utilizing triboelectric nanogenerators. This sensor not only enables the measurement of low- to medium–high-frequency vibrations using self-power but also serves to energize other downhole devices. We utilized a self-constructed vibration simulator to replicate downhole drilling tool vibrations and conducted a comprehensive series of sensor tests. The test results indicate that the frequency measurement bandwidth of the HDV-TENG spans from 0 to 200 kHz. Especially, the measurement errors for vibrations within the low-frequency range of 0 to 10 Hz and the high-frequency range of 10 to 200 k Hz are less than 5% and 8%, respectively. Additionally, the experimental findings regarding load matching demonstrate that the HDV-TENG achieves an output power level in the milliwatt range, representing a significant improvement over the output power of traditional triboelectric nanogenerators. Unlike traditional downhole vibration measurement sensors, HDV-TENG operates without requiring any external power supply, thereby conserving downhole space and significantly enhancing drilling efficiency. Furthermore, HDV-TENG not only offers a broad measurement range but also amplifies output power through the synergy of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG), and electromagnetic power generator (EMG). This capability enables its utilization as an emergency power source for other micropower equipment downhole. The introduction of HDV-TENG also holds considerable implications for the development of self-powered underground sensors with high-frequency measurement capabilities.
Dynamic Balance Simulation and Optimization of Electric Vehicle Scroll Compressor Rotor System
Authors: Yuan Mengli , Yang Bin , Li Xin , Li Annan , Gao Feng , Ge Mengqi
Published: June 2024

In order to solve the problem of imbalance of internal forces in the system caused by the gravity force of the eccentric wheel and the orbiting scroll close to the drive bearing and the rotational inertia force during the operation of the electric scroll compressor, a dynamic model of the rotor system of the scroll compressor that takes into account the effect of the gas force was established using the multibody dynamics software ADAMS/View 2020. Dynamic simulation analysis of the rotor system is carried out, focusing on the force of the drive bearing; a parametric optimization method is adopted to optimize the position of the center-of-mass coordinates of the eccentric wheel of the relevant components, and the relevant parameters are derived after optimization. The results show that by adjusting the center-of-mass position of the eccentric wheel it is possible to optimize the unbalance force and unbalance moment of the main shaft drive system; compared with the pre-optimization, the force fluctuation ranges of the drive bearing in the horizontal and vertical directions are reduced, the peak value is reduced by 18%, and the impact force of the drive bearing during the initial period of compressor operation is effectively relieved. Through optimization calculation, the vibration and noise of the system are reduced, the operating stability of the scroll compressor is improved, and analytical methods and theoretical guidance are provided for the design and prediction of the dynamic behavior of the scroll compressors.
The Influence of the Frequency of Ultrasound on the Exhaust Gas Purification Process in a Diesel Car Muffler
Authors: Kadyrov Adil , Bembenek Michał , Sarsembekov Bauyrzhan , Kukesheva Aliya , Nurkusheva Saltanat
Published: June 2024

This research aimed to analyze the possibility of installing an ultrasonic emitter in an already manufactured car and to prove the possibility of cleaning the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine through the action of an ultrasonic wave due to coagulation and examining the optimal regimes of its work. The existing theoretical solution to describe the proposed process was analyzed. A Mercedes-Benz M-Class ML 270 CDI MT car with the OM 612 DE 27 LA Diesel engine was used for the experiment. An ultrasound generator and an ultrasound emitter were connected to the muffler. The stand was connected to the car via the inlet with a rubber hose that directs the exhaust gases out of the car. The crankshaft speed of the engine was changed in the range of 750 to 1250 rpm, which corresponds to urban conditions when cars are moving in heavy traffic jams. The content of CH, CO, CO2, and O2 in the exhaust gas of the vehicle was determined as a function of the crankshaft speed without ultrasonic exposure and with ultrasonic exposure at an ultrasound frequency of 25, 28, and 40 kHz. The results of the experiment showed that the introduction of an ultrasonic emitter into the muffler reduced the smoke content of the gas, increased the oxygen content, and reduced the amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gases. With an increase in the ratio between the ultrasonic frequency and the angular velocity of the engine crankshaft (f/ω), the smoke content of the gas also decreased. At the maximum values of ultrasonic frequency and angular velocity of the engine crankshaft selected in the experimental studies, the minimum value of the ratio of gas smoke indicators was achieved, and the degree of purification was 10–13%. Such results correspond to the condition of optimal operation of the ultrasonic muffler, where the ratio of gas to smoke values should tend to a minimum. These results confirm the potential of using ultrasound as a method for cleaning exhaust gases and underline the need for further research in this area.