bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social determinants of health and community health agent work
Authors: Broch Daiane , Riquinho Deise Lisboa , Vieira Letícia Becker , Ramos Adriana Roese , Gasparin Vanessa Aparecida
Published: May 2020

Abstract Objective: To understand the social determinants of health from the perspective of the work of community health agents. Method: A qualitative study conducted in a Health District Management in the city of Porto Alegre/Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, through focus groups and semi-structured interviews with community health agents. The analysis took place through thematic categorization, and the social determinants of health were adopted as the analytical category. Results: Twenty-five (25) community health agent workers participated. Overlapping individual and collective themes emerged, from violence and drug trafficking to lack of sanitation, improperly disposed garbage, illiteracy and the health problems themselves. Conclusion: The study revealed a complex relationship between the work of community health agents and the social determinants of health, reinforcing the need for a cohesive health team with intersectoral initiatives to address the different demands of the territories which are worked and lived in.
Handling errors in conventional and smart pump infusions: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Moreira Ana Paula Amorim , Carvalho Márglory Fraga de , Silva Roberto Carlos Lyra da , Marta Cristiano Bertolossi , Fonseca Eliana Rosa da , Barbosa Maria Tereza Serrano
Published: May 2020

Abstract Objective: To identify the scientific evidence on the frequency of handling errors of conventional and smart pump infusions in intravenous insulin therapy in intensive care units. Method: A systematic review with meta-analysis conducted in the Virtual Health Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Articles were assessed regarding the level of evidence by applying the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Evidence Scale. Results: Twelve (12) publications were selected which met the eligibility criteria. The programming error rate using the conventional infusion pump ranged from 10% to 40.1%, and the smart pump technology error rate ranged from 0.3 to 14%. The meta-analysis of two studies favored the smart pump in reducing the relative risk of programming errors by 51%. Conclusion: Based on selected articles, the smart pump reduces the risk of programming errors.
Prolonged Opioid Use After Surgery for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Shen Chan , Thornton J. Douglas , Gu Dian , Dodge Daleela , Zhou Shouhao , He Weiguo , Zhao Hui , Giordano Sharon H.
Published: May 2020

Introduction

This study examined the patterns of prolonged opioid use and the factors associated with higher risk of prolonged opioid use among opioid-naïve working-age patients with early-stage breast cancer.

Methods

Using MarketScan data, the study identified 23,440 opioid-naïve patients who received surgery for breast cancer between January 2000 and December 2014 and filled at least one opioid prescription attributable to surgery. Prolonged opioid use was defined as one or more prescriptions for opioids within 90 to 180 days after surgery and defined extra-prolonged opioid use as one or more opioid prescriptions between 181 and 365 days after surgery. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to ascertain factors associated with prolonged and extra-prolonged use of opioids.

Findings

Of the 23,440 patients, 4,233 (18%) had prolonged opioid use, and 2,052 (9%) had extra-prolonged opioid use. Patients who received mastectomy plus reconstruction had the highest rate of prolonged opioid use (38%) followed by mastectomy alone (15%). A multivariable logistic regression confirmed that patients with mastectomy and reconstruction had the highest odds ratio of prolonged opioid use compared to lumpectomy and whole breast irradiation (adjusted odds ratio, 5.6; 95% confidence interval, 5.1–6.1). Mean daily opioid dose was consistently high without any obvious dosage reduction among patients with opioid use.

Interpretation

This large observational study showed a high rate of prolonged opioid use among patients who received surgery for early-stage breast cancer and found significant difference in prolonged opioid use by treatment type.
Diz Osteoartrit hastalarında serum salusin-α ve salusin-β düzeyleri
Authors: SABAH ÖZCAN Seda
Published: May 2020

Amaç:
Osteoartrit (OA), yaşlılarda yüksek prevalanslı majör kas-iskelet sistemi
hastalığıdır. Eklem kıkırdağının ağrılı
kaybı ile karakterize, poligenik ve çok faktörlüdür. Çalışmamızda diz osteoartrit hastalarında serum salusin-α ve salusin-β seviyelerini araştırmayı amaçladık.

Gereç
ve yöntemler: Serum örnekleri 38 sağlıklı ve 35 diz osteoartritli bireylerden elde
edilmiştir. Serum örneklerinde ELISA yöntemi ile salusin-α ve salusin-β
seviyeleri belirlenmiştir.

Bulgular: Serum salusin-α
seviyesi OA grubunda (2569±839 pg/mL), kontrol grubuna (3131±1066 pg/mL) kıyasla anlamlı olarak azalmıştır (p=0.0136).
Benzer şekilde serum
salusin-β seviyesi de OA grubunda (708±207
pg/mL) kontrol grubuna (1027±448
pg/mL) oranla düşük olarak bulunmuştur (p=0.0002). 

Sonuç:
Diz OA hastalığında serum seviyesi düşük olan salusinlerin hangi
moleküler mekanizmalar üzerinden OA hastalığı ile ilişkili olduğunun
anlaşılması için daha ileri araştırmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Seruleinle Oluşturulmuş Sıçan Akut Pankreatit Modelinde Beta Glukan ve Fukoksantinin Etkisi
Authors: ÖZBEYLİ Dilek , ÇİLİNGİR KAYA Özlem Tuğçe , AYKAÇ Aslı , AYDEMİR Sezgin , GÜRLER Esra Bihter , YÜKSEL Meral
Published: May 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Beta glukan, fukoksantin ve kombinasyonlarının serulein kaynaklı akut pankreatit (AP) sıçan modelindeki etkileri araştırıldı.
Gereç ve yöntem: Sıçanlar kontrol ve AP gruplarına ayrıldı. AP bir saat arayla dört kez serulein (20 ug/kg/ip) enjeksiyonuyla oluşturuldu. Serulein enjeksiyonundan 3 gün önce AP gruplarına günde 1 kez taşıyıcı, Beta glukan (BG;40 mg/kg/po), fukoksantin (Fuko;40 mg/kg/po) veya Beta glukan (BG;40 mg/kg/po) +fukoksantin (Fuko;40 mg/kg/po) uygulandı. Son enjeksiyondan sonraki 8. saatte ötenazi gerçekleştirildi. Serumda amilaz ve lipaz, pankreas dokusunda interlökin-1β (IL-1β), interlökin-6 (IL-6), interlökin-10 (IL-10), lucigenin kemilüminesans (CL), malondialdehit (MDA), miyeloperoksidaz (MPO) enzim aktivitesi ve Hematoksilen&Eosin (H&E), Siklooksijenaz-2 (COX-2), nükleer faktör kappa B (NF-κB) histopatolojik incelemeleri yapıldı. İstatistiksel analizler için tek yönlü ANOVA ve Bonferroni post-hoc testi uygulandı.
Bulgular: Taşıyıcı grubunda; amilaz, lipaz, lusigenin, IL-1β ve IL-6 düzeyleri kontrole göre (p <0,01-0,0001) yükselirken, GSH ve IL-10 düzeyleri azaldı (p<0,0001). Lipaz ve amilaz düzeyleri; BG, fuko ve BG+fuko tedavileri ile taşıyıcıya göre azaldı (p<0,05-0,001). IL-6 düzeyleri, Fuko ve BG+Fuko grubunda taşıyıcıya göre azaldı (p <0,01). IL-1β düzeyleri; BG, fuko ve BG+fuko gruplarında taşıyıcı grubuna göre azaldı (p<0,001-0.0001). IL-10 düzeyi yalnızca BG grubunda taşıyıcı grubuna göre arttı (p<0,01). H&E, COX-2 skorları taşıyıcı grubunda kontrole göre artarken (p<0,0001); BG, fuko ve BG+fuko tedavileri ile azalma gözlendi (p<0,05-0,001). Taşıyıcı grubunda artan NF-κB skorlarında (p<0,0001), BG tedavisi ile azaldı (p<0,01). Taşıyıcı grubundaki artan lusigenin kemiluminesans, MPO ve MDA düzeyleri (p <0,01-0,0001) tüm tedavilerle azaldı (p <0,01-0,0001).
Sonuç: Beta glukan ve fukoksantin tedavisi pro-inflamatuar sitokinleri, COX-2 düzeyini ve oksidatif belirteçleri azaltarak anti-inflamatuar sitokin düzeyini arttırarak AP gelişimini hafifletmiştir.
Uso de Nanopartículas Superparamagnéticas na Revelação de mpressões Dígito-Papilares Latentes
Authors: Ulisses Condomitti  , Eder Cavalcante  , Pedro Pacheco  , Alceu Totti Silveira Junior  , Henrique Eisi Toma
Published: May 2020

As impressões dígito-papilares constituem um vestígio morfológico de extrema importância em um local de crime, visto que, em função de suas características particulares, permitem a identificação de autoria do delito que gerou a força motriz da investigação pericial. Embora existam diversas técnicas para revelação e levantamento de impressões dígito-papilares latentes, o aprimoramento e atualização dessas técnicas pode subsidiar metodologias mais versáteis, que permitam maximizar a abrangência e potencializar o uso de instrumentação de campo para busca desse tipo de vestígio. Nesse artigo, demonstramos que nanopartículas superparamagnéticas constituídas por Magnetita podem ser empregadas, com auxílio de um aplicador dotado de magneto em sua extremidade (Pincel magnético) para revelação de impressões dígito-papilares, com qualidade semelhante à obtida empregando-se pó comercial preto (Sirchie) baseado em limalhas de ferro metálico, permitindo vantagens em termos de processamento e custo.
Estimating evapotranspiration in a semi-arid catchment: A comparison of hydrological modelling and remote-sensing approaches
Authors: Richard Bugan  , César Luis García  , Nebo Jovanovic  , Ingrid Teich  , Manfred Fink  , Sebinasi Dzikiti
Published: May 2020

Reliable spatial data of evapotranspiration (ET) in support of water resources management are limited. ET is a major component of the water balance, in many regions, and therefore it is critical that it be accurately quantified. To identify a product that accurately estimates spatially distributed ET for application in data-scarce regions, an inter-model comparison was conducted between the MOD16 ET dataset and the ET calculated with the calibrated and validated JAMS/J2000 hydrological model in the Sandspruit catchment (South Africa). Annual JAMS-ET and MOD16-ET data were generally consistent. Monthly JAMS-ET and MOD16-ET dynamics are influenced by the response of vegetation to precipitation as well as the atmospheric evaporative demand. The maximum correlation coefficient between JAMS-ET and MOD16-ET was 0.82 and it was evident at Lag 0, showing that both ET estimates are in phase when evaluated at the basin scale. The maximum correlation coefficients between the ET estimators and precipitation were 0.67 and 0.70 for JAMS-ET and MOD16-ET, respectively, and this was evident at Lag 2 (1 lag is 1 month) for both methods. This suggests that there is a 2-month delay in the maximum response of ET to precipitation. The models did not exhibit significant dependence on the seasonal distribution of precipitation. The complementary use of hydrological modelling and satellite-derived data may be greatly advantageous to water resources management, e.g., water allocation studies, ecological reserve determinations and vegetation water use studies. The results of the inter-model comparison also provide motivation for the use of the MOD16 ET dataset to estimate ET in data-scarce regions. Additionally, this study provides evidence for the potential use of validated satellite-based ET data as inputs in hydrological models. This may facilitate a more realistic representation of the catchment hydrological processes.
Verification of runoff volume, peak discharge and sediment yield simulated using the ACRU model for bare fallow and sugarcane fields
Authors: Daniel Otim  , Jeff Smithers  , Aidan Senzanje  , Rianto van Antwerpen
Published: May 2020

The Agricultural Catchments Research Unit (ACRU) model is a daily time step physical-conceptual agrohydrological model with various applications, design hydrology being one of them. Model verification is a measure of model performance and streamflow, soil water content and sediment yield simulated by the ACRU model have been extensively verified against observed data in southern Africa and internationally. The primary objective of this study was to verify simulated runoff volume, peak discharge and sediment yield against observed data from small catchments, under both bare fallow conditions and sugarcane production, which were located at La Mercy in South Africa. The study area comprised 4 research catchments, 101, 102, 103 and 104, monitored both under bare fallow conditions and sugarcane production, with different management practices per catchment.  Observed data comprised: daily rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature, A-pan evaporation and runoff for the period 1978–1995, and peak discharge and sediment yield for the period 1984–1995. The data were checked for errors and and inconsistent records excluded from analysis. Runoff volume, peak discharge and sediment yield were simulated with the ACRU model and verified against the respective observed data. In general, the correlations between observed and simulated daily runoff volumes and peak discharge were acceptable (i.e. slopes of regression lines close to unity, R2 ≥ 0.6 and the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency close to unity). Similarly, the correlation between observed and simulated sediment yield was also good. From the results obtained, it is concluded that the ACRU model is suitable for the simulation of runoff volume, peak discharge and sediment yield from catchments under both bare fallow and sugarcane land cover in South Africa.
Nominal Interest Rate, Inflation Money and Market Link in Bangladesh: An Econometric Analysis
Authors: Chowdhury Sanjida Akter , Yousuf Md. , Uddin Md. Nezum , Uddin Mohammed Jashim
Published: May 2020

This paper pursues to establish a connection among the nominal interest rate, the money market, and the inflation rate in Bangladesh using monthly time series data from June 2005 to March 2019. Because some data are stationary at the level and others are stationary at the 1st difference, the ARDL model is applicable for checking the link. There is a strong positive short-term and long-term relationship between inflation and nominal interest rates, suggesting that Bangladeshi data support the Fisher hypothesis for that time. For this study, the T bill, the call money rate is used as a measure of the money market. The research indicates that regulators should concentrate on call money rates in short-term and T-bill and call money rates in the long-term to control Bangladesh's nominal interest rate.
Digital Humanities and Media History
Authors: Wijfjes Huub
Published: May 2020

Digital humanities is an important challenge for more traditional humanities disciplines to take on, but advanced digital methods for analysis are not often used to answer concrete research questions in these disciplines. This article makes use of extensive digital collections of historical newspapers to discuss the promising, yet challenging relationship between digital humanities and historical research. The search for long-term patterns in digital historical research appropriately positions itself within previous approaches to historical research, but the digitization of sources presents many practical and theoretical questions and obstacles. For this reason, any digital source used in historical research should be critically reviewed beforehand. Digital newspaper research raises new issues and presents new possibilities to better answer traditional questions.
De poëtica van het verbeelden van geschiedenis op broadcast televisie
Authors: Hagedoorn Berber
Published: May 2020

In modern society, television is one of the most important media for presenting the past. This article focuses on the poetics of history on television broadcasts in relation to the manner in which these broadcasts present our past as well as our collective memory. This study rebuts criticism of television as a medium for historical accounts by demonstrating how professionals in the field actively display an extensive knowledge and understanding of the past, provide frameworks for the contextualization of audiovisual materials and depth, and apply and operate specific functions of different representation tools in their productions. To gain insight into the way television producers interact with history, this study combines qualitative textual analysis of the broadcasts and an approach from the field of production studies: diverse in-depth interviews and analysis of internal documents. The case study chosen for this research was Andere Tijden, a history program based on archive material and produced by NTR (formerly known as NPS) and VPRO for the Dutch Broadcast Foundation, from 2000 onwards. The case study demonstrates how television producers’ mediation of history is an important practice in the search for history and memories and the conservation and presentation thereof. The analysis reveals the possibility of more cohesive poetics with regard to history on broadcast television and offers insight into the objectives, strategies and conventions of television producers. Special attention is paid to the more implicit practices of selection and interpretation of material by television producers as curators of the past. These implicit practices are made explicit on a cultural-historical, institutional and textual level.
The Marvelous Clouds
Authors: Smit Rik
Published: May 2020

Book review of John Durham Peters. The Marvelous Clouds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media The University of Chicago Press, 2015, 410 pp. ISBN 9780226421353.
Sorption Purification of Sewage from Aromatic Nitro Compounds
Authors: Mukhortova L.I. , Efimov Yu.T. , Konstantinovа T.G. , Endyuskin V.P.
Published: May 2020

The possibility of using activated carbons in wastewater treatment from aromatic nitrophenols and nitrosulfonic acids was investigated. The main parameters of the adsorption process that provide the maximum degree of purification are determined: the amount of activated carbon and the pH of mother solutions. The method of regeneration of the extracted activated carbon by treatment with sodium hydroxide solution was studied, the optimal conditions of extraction were determined.
Information-Measuring System for Predicting and Preventing Accidental Gas Emissions into the Atmosphere
Authors: Panarin V.M. , Scheinkman L.E. , Maslova A.A. , Tsar'kov G.Yu. , Grishakov K.V. , Rybka N.A.
Published: May 2020

Ways to improve the efficiency of information-measuring and control systems for predicting and preventing accidental gas emissions into the atmosphere for gas distribution facilities are given. Implementation of the developed system in relation to gas reduction points and electrical protective installations is proposed.
Concordancia diagnóstica entre Sonohisterosalpingografía y la laparoscopia en la permeabilidad tubárica de la mujer infértil. Profamilia Medellín 1998.
Authors: Palomino Zuluaga Maria Alejandra , Vallecilla Lukauskis Diana María , Medina Tirado Oscar Alfredo , Ramirez Vélez Jorge Eduardo , Mejía Escobar Carlos Alberto , García ortega Jorge Alberto , Gómez Díaz Jaime
Published: May 2020

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la concordancia diagnóstica de la sonohisterosalpingografia y la laparoscopia diagnóstica en la evaluación de la mujer infértil.DISEÑO DEL ESTUDIO: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo comparando dos pruebas en la evaluación de la permeabilidad tubárica. La población fue de cincuenta mujeres entre 19 y 38 años con infertlilidad, se les realizó una sonohisterosalpingografia seguida de la laparoscopia y cromatoscopia. La prueba a estudio, la sonohisterosalpingografia, se realizaba entre los días 11 y 14 del ciclo, mediante la inserción de una sonda Foley #8, atraves de la cual se infundía la solución salina sola o con aire y guiado con la ecografía transvaginal se visualizaba el paso a través de la cavidad uterina y las trompas. La laparoscopia y cromatoscopia se realizaba entre los días 20 y 23 del ciclo.RESULTADOS: la concordancia entre la sonohisterosalpingografia y la laparoscopia diagnóstica en la evaluación de la permeabilidad tubárica tuvo un acuerdo observado bruto del 92%, un coeficiente kappa de 0.60 y p menor de 0.001 considerándose como una concordancia diagnóstica fuerte. En las pacientes evaluadas se encontraron como hallazgos más frecuentes de la Sonohisterosalpingografía los ovarios poliquísticos con un 18% seguidos por los miomas intramurales con un 10%.CONCLUSIÓN: la sonohisterosalpingografía es una prueba útil para descartar patología ginecológica como anomalía de cavidad endometrial y obstrucción tubárica, y es una herramienta útil y de fácil acceso para el diagnóstico de· otras patologías importantes en el manejo de la mujer infértil.
Utilidad de la Clínica Obstétrica para el manejo del antecedente de Cesárea
Authors: Rodríguez Víctor , Ardila Javier , Botero Luis F.
Published: May 2020

En las últimas décadas se ha presentado un fenómeno francamente preocupante, relacionado con el aumento escandaloso de la tasa de cesáreas con implicaciones importantes como el aumento en los costos, implicaciones éticas y de morbimortalidad relacionada con la intervención. Se han realizado múltiples estudios al respecto y se ha concluido que una de las estrategias más efectivas para disminuir la tasa de cesáreas es la de permitir parto vaginal a las pacientes con antecedente de cesárea después de una adecuada selección que asegure la disminución de complicaciones como la ruptura uterina.

Conscientes de nuestro compromiso como departamento universitario en el entrenamiento de personal médico para contribuir a solucionar los problemas de la especialidad, fué como proyectamos la realización de este trabajo, en el que se capturó una muestra de 390 pacientes con cesárea previa que tuvieron su control prenatal en el ISS y fueron remitidas al término de su embarazo para su atención de parto. Estas fueron examinadas y clasificadas como aptas para prueba de trabajo de parto o programadas para la cesárea iterativa electiva, por un equipo de trabajo fijo conformado por el coordinador y el jefe de la unidad obstétrica. A las pacientes aptas se les presentó detalladamente las ventajas y riesgos de las dos opciones cesárea o parto vaginal y se respetó la voluntad de la paciente, de tal forma que a 135 (35%) se les dió prueba de trabajo y de estas 75 (56%) tuvieron parto por vía vaginal mientras que a las 60 (44%) restantes se les practicó cesárea intraparto.

No se presentó ninguna muerte materna ni fetal. Hubo un caso de ruptura uterina diagnosticada de la revisión uterina post-parto, que se manejó sin dificultad.

Recomendamos el trabajo de parto en el antecedente de cesárea cuando se cumplen todas las condiciones necesarias.
Garantías de no repetición y reformas legislativas: causas de la falta de pronunciamiento y denegación de reparaciones en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos a partir del caso Cinco Pensionistas vs. Perú
Authors: Zúñiga Reyes Marcela
Published: May 2020

Las garantías de no repetición han supuesto un importante avance para las víctimas de violaciones a derechos humanos en la región, en especial aquellas que tienen relación con reformas a la legislación interna, dado que su principal objetivo es generar cambios estructurales en un Estado. Este trabajo presenta un estudio jurisprudencial sobre el comportamiento de la Corte IDH ante la solicitud de esta clase de reparaciones, a partir del caso Cinco Pensionistas vs. Perú, caso que marca el inicio de uno de los cambios reglamentarios más importante ante el sistema interamericano vinculado a la mayor participación de las víctimas en el proceso ante la CIDH y la Corte IDH.  Bajo este contexto, se entrega un marco teórico sobre este tipo de repa­raciones y sus principales dificultades de implementación al interior de los Estados para luego dar a conocer los resultados del análisis jurisprudencial.
Fundamentación jurídica e instituciones estatales de la política exterior colombiana
Authors: González Parias Carlos Hernán , Muñoz Sánchez Olmer Alveiro
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre las reglas, instancias y procedimientos en el proceso de la política exterior colombiana. Para lo cual se realiza un estudio descriptivo, tanto del marco legal que sustenta el proceso de formulación de la política exterior en Colombia, como de las instituciones estatales involucradas en dicho proceso. Se estudia el articulado de la constitución política de Colombia de 1991, sentencias de la Corte Constitucional y Decretos ley, orientados a la política exterior del país. Se concluye que en la actual Constitución Política se otorga mayor importancia a la política exterior, al definir principios rectores, rol de las tres ramas del poder público e instituciones estatales involucradas en el proceso.
Assessment of Thyroid Profile of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Patients with Diabetic Complications
Authors: Iweka Friday K , Okogun Godwin RA , Dic-Ijiewere Ebenezer O , Dada Lawrence F , Akhuemokhan Iredia K , Obodo Basil N , Onoyovwi Omotejohwo A ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.,   Department of Chemical Pathology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.,   Department of Internal Medicine, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria.,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.,   Department of Chemical Pathology, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria.
Published: May 2020

This study was undertaken to assess the thyroid profile of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and patients with some associated complications in the Edo state, Nigeria. Blood samples from 267 subjects, consisting of 164 diabetic patients (24 type 1 DM and 140 type 2 DM) and 103 nondiabetic apparently healthy individuals (as controls), were analyzed. The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) levels were determined using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). From the result obtained, the T3 level was found significantly (p < 0.05) higher in diabetic-nephropathy (D-NEPHR) patients than the control subjects, while the TSH and T4 levels of D-NEPHR were insignificantly (p > 0.05) higher than those of the control group. The mean TSH level was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in diabetic hypertensive patients when compared with the control group, while the plasma T3 level was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in diabetic hypertensive patients when compared with the control group. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the mean value of T4 of diabetic hypertensive patients when compared with the control subjects. The mean plasma T3 and T4 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in diabetic neuropathy (D-NEUR) patients than those of control subjects. There were no significant (p > 0.05) differences in the mean plasma TSH level of D-NEUR patients when compared with those of control subjects. The mean plasma T3and T4 levels of diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (DM-CHD) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of control subjects while the mean plasma TSH level of DM-CHD was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of control subjects. No significant (p > 0.05) difference in the mean plasma TSH, T4, and T3 levels of diabetic retinopathy subjects when compared with those of control subjects was obtained.
Polysaccharide from Hizikia Fusiformis Enhances the Immunomodulatory Activity of Macrophages
Authors: Lee Jieun , Choi Moon Hee , Jang Eun-su , Shin Hyun-Jae , Lee Jung Heon
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives: Hizikia fusiformis is widely used in oriental health food in Japan, China, and Korea, and is known for its anti-oxidation properties.Materials and Method: In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects and mechanisms of Hizikia fusiformis (H. fusiformis) extracts in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. RAW 264.7 cells were incubated in the presence of different concentrations of the viscozyme component of H. fusiformis (1, 2, 5, and 10 μg/mL), and changes in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (GM-CSF, iNOS, VEGF, and COX-2) were evaluated by real-time PCR and immunoblotting. In addition, the associated signaling pathway including phospho (p)-pNF-κB 65, p-pIkBa, p-p38, and p-p44/42 was also evaluated.Results: The viscozyme component of H. fusiformis downregulated the expression of GM-CSF, iNOS, VEGF, and COX-2 mRNA. The augmented NO and ROS production was decreased by administration of H. fusiformis. The signal intensity of p-pNF-κB 65, p-pIkBa, p-p38, and p-p44/42 protein activated by LPS was ameliorated by administration of the viscozyme fraction in RAW 264.7 cells.Conclusion: These results suggest that H. fusiformis has potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases.
The Effect of Triamcinolone-Soaked Gelfoam in Patients with Polypoid Mucosal Change after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Ryu Gwanghui , Cho Young Sang , Hong Sang Duk , Kim Hyo Yeol , Chung Seung-Kyu , Dhong Hun-Jong
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) recurs frequently after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The aim of study was to evaluate the efficacy of triamcinolone-soaked absorbable gelatin foam (gelfoam) as a treatment for recurred polypoid changes after ESS.Subjects and Method: A total of 35 patients and 57 nasal cavities was retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent triamcinolone- infused gelfoam packing for 1 week under nasal endoscopic guidance. Endoscopic scores were evaluated at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. We analyzed clinical characteristics between success and failure groups.Results: Endoscopic scores were significantly improved after triamcinolone-soaked gelfoam packing, and the effects were maintained at 3-month follow-up (1.85±0.61 vs. 0.82±0.77, p＜0.001). Duration between surgery and gelfoam packing was shorter in the success group compared to the failure group (8.2±6.9 vs. 13.7±8.4 weeks, p=0.033). Serum eosinophil cationic protein and tissue eosinophil counts were significantly higher in the failure group (p=0.025 and p=0.010, respectively).Conclusion: Triamcinolone-soaked gelfoam packing is an effective and safe method for managing recurrent polypoid change in patients with CRSwNP after ESS. Early intervention contributed to a successful result, and eosinophilic inflammation was associated with poor outcomes.
Effect of Tobacco-specific Nitrosamines on MUC5AC Expression in Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Kwak Soyoung , Choi Yoon Seok , Na Hyung Gyun , Bae Chang Hoon , Song Si-Youn , Kim Yong-Dae
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives: Nicotine is oxidized into tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs; NAB, NAT, NNN, NNAL, NNK) at high temperature and high pressure. TSNAs are associated with airway diseases characterized by mucus hypersecretion as a major pathophysiologic phenomenon. The aim of study is to investigate the effect of TSNAs on mucin overexpression and its molecular mechanism in human airway epithelial cells.Materials and Method: The cytotoxicity of TSNAs was evaluated using EX-Cytox and inverted microscopy. The mRNA and protein levels of MUC5AC and MUC5B were measured using real-time PCR and ELISA.Results: NAB, NNN, NNAL, and NNK did not affect cell viability. NAT did not affect cell viability up to a concentration of 100 μM in human airway epithelial cells. NAT, NNN, NNAL, and NNK significantly induced MUC5AC expression, but not MUC5B expression. NAB did not affect the expression of MUC5AC and MUC5B. Propranolol (a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist) inhibited NAT, NNN, NNAL, and NNK-induced MUC5AC expression, whereas α-bungarotoxin (an α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist) only inhibited NNN- and NNK-induced MUC5AC expression.Conclusion: These results suggested that NAT, NNN, NNAL, and NNK induce MUC5AC expression through β-adrenergic receptor and/or α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in human airway epithelial cells, which may be involved in mucus hypersecretion in inflammatory airway diseases.
Clinical Analysis of 382 Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma Cases Treated at A Single Tertiary Medical Center
Authors: Park Soo Kyoung , Lee Geonho , Kim Min Su , Kim Yong Min , Rha Ki-Sang
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives: Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign tumor with a locally aggressive nature and a propensity to recur. Many risk factors for recurrence have been reported, but they are still controversial. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the demographic data, clinical features, and potential risk factors for recurrence of IP.Subjects and Method: This work is a retrospective review of 382 patients diagnosed with and treated for sinonasal inverted papilloma between 1986 and 2017 at a single tertiary medical center. Demographic data, presence of associated malignancy, information about previous surgeries, tumor location, Krouse stage, surgical approach, follow-up duration, and data on recurrence were obtained.Results: In our study, 31 of 382 cases (8.1%) were associated with malignancy. Mean age was significantly higher in patients with associated malignancy compared to the benign IP group. Of the 351 benign cases, 263 (74.9%) were primary, and 88 (25.1%) were revision cases (residual or recurrent disease). Although the proportion of patients with high Krouse stage or multifocal involvement was high in the revision cases, there was no significant difference in recurrence rate. The 226 patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were included for recurrence analysis. Recurrence rate was significantly higher in the conventional surgery group (17.4%) compared to that of the endoscopic and combined surgery groups (8.1% and 3.6%, respectively). Also, the recurrence group showed significantly larger proportion of patients with high Krouse stage and multifocal involvement.Conclusion: Risk factors for recurrence of IP found in this study are comparable to those previously published. Generally, the factors associated with recurrence of IP were prior surgery, clinical stage, involved site, and surgical approach. Therefore, surgeons should always consider these risk factors to reduce the chance of recurrence.
MODELOS DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA PRESENTES NA GESTÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR (IES)
Authors: Gomes Anara Luana Nunes , Silva Napiê Galvê Araújo
Published: May 2020

Este artigo aborda os conceitos e as particularidades principais do patrimonialismo, da burocracia e do gerencialismo e investiga, recorrendo aos gestores e membros de conselhos superiores de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) públicas da cidade de Mossoró/RN, a aplicabilidade desses três modelos de administração pública na gestão de cada instituição. A hipótese levantada é a de que, no campo de pesquisa abordado, haveria a coexistência de particularidades dos três modelos. Para isso, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa descritiva, com pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os três modelos de administração pública, e uma pesquisa de campo, com aplicação de questionários ao gestor e a conselheiros da UFERSA, da UERN e do IFRN – Campus Mossoró. Na discussão dos resultados, confirmou-se a hipótese levantada de que há a aplicabilidade dos três modelos na gestão das organizações.
ESTRUTURAÇÃO DE UM MODELO MULTICRITÉRIO PARA AVALIAR O DESEMPENHO DA PRESTAÇÃO DE SERVIÇOS EM UM FÓRUM JUDICIÁRIO EM MUNÍCIPIO DO SUDOESTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: Vieira Everton Luiz , Bortoluzzi Sandro César
Published: May 2020

O presente estudo de caso tem como objetivo estruturar um modelo para avaliar o desempenho dos serviços prestados por um Fórum Judiciário do Sudoeste do Paraná. O instrumento de intervenção utilizado para a construção do modelo de avaliação de desempenho foi a metodologia Multicriteria Decision Aid - Constructivist (MCDA-C). Os principais resultados encontrados foram: identificação de duas grandes áreas de preocupação para a gestão; construção de mapas cognitivos para melhor compreensão do contexto decisório; construção da estrutura hierárquica de valor e os descritores. Conclui-se, que o modelo construído permitiu ao decisor entender os objetivos dos serviços prestados pelo fórum.
GASTOS PÚBLICOS EM EDUCAÇÃO E DESEMPENHO ESCOLAR: ANÁLISE QUALITATIVA DOS RESULTADOS DO IDEB EM SANTA MARIA/RS
Authors: Soares Cristiano Sausen , Da Rosa Fabrícia Silva
Published: May 2020

Com objetivo de analisar o desempenho dos alunos do ensino fundamental das escolas municipais de Santa Maria/RS, em relação ao IDEB, considerando os gastos por aluno, realizou-se um estudo de caso de 2013 a 2015, com abordagem qualitativa. Identificou-se 11 escolas com avaliação no IDEB, sendo que apenas 4 superaram as metas. Em geral, essas escolas apresentam custo por aluno mais baixo, menores taxas de reprovação e corpo docente com melhor formação, ressaltando-se o profissionalismo da gestão e o contexto social, em comparação às demais. Conclui-se que para entender o desempenho escolar, as entidades públicas precisam adotar ferramentas de gestão.
LOCAL PERCEPTIONS OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ELEPHANTS AND BORASSUS AETHIOPUM MART. (ARECACEAE) IN THE PENDJARI NATIONAL PARK IN BENIN
Authors: Houndonougbo Juliano S. H. , Salako Valère K. , Idohou Rodrigue , Azihou Fortuné A. , Assogbadjo Achille E. , Glèlè Kakaï Romain
Published: May 2020

Elephants are reported to have a dramatic impact on woodyvegetation in protected areas. Careful control of elephant and wood species populations is therefore crucial to successful biodiversity management in such ecosystems. The perceptions of local people and protected areas managers could very usefully supple- ment classic ecological surveys and monito- ring to achieve this goal. This study assessed the perceptions of managers and local people regarding the causes, damage, consequences and management options of elephant pres- sure on the declining dioecious palm Boras- sus aethiopum. The study was conducted in the Pendjari National Park, which is part of the W-Arly-Pendjari transboundary complex of reserves in West Africa. Semi-structured inter- views were conducted with 53 respondents belonging to three socio-professional cate- gories: administrators, ecoguards and local professional hunters. Relative frequency of citation and the Pearson correlation were used to assess the consensus and concordance of their perceptions, respectively. The respon- dents reported a steep increase in the number of elephants in the Pendjari National Park, which they attributed to significant elephant migration from transboundary parks where poaching pressure was perceived as high. This has resulted in high pressure on tree species including B. aethiopum. Despite differences in professional outlook, consensual and concor- dant opinions were noted among administra- tors, ecoguards and local professional hunters on the relationship between B. aethiopum and elephants. A regional approach aiming to pro- tect the elephant population (low poaching) in the W-Arly-Pendjari complex and other neighbouring reserves was suggested in order to limit elephant migration.
RANDOM AND SYSTEMATIC LAND-COVER TRANSITIONS IN NORTH-EASTERN WOLLEGA, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Adugna Alemayehu , Abegaz Assefa , Legass Asmamaw , Antille Diogenes L.
Published: May 2020

Africa has seen significant changes in land cover at different spatial scales. Changes in Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) include deforestation and subse- quent use of the land for arable cropping, conversion to grassland or urbanization. The work reported in this article was conducted to examine land cover transi- tions in north-eastern Wollega (Ethiopia) between 2005 and 2015. The analysis focused on land cover transitions that occurred systematically or randomly, and identified the main drivers for these changes. Landsat data from 2005 and 2015 were examined to better unders- tand the various dimensions of land cover transitions, namely: swaps, losses, gains, persistency and vulnerability. Results showed that shrubland exhibited the largest gain (22%), with a 63% gain- to-loss ratio, a 47% gain-to-persistence ratio and a positive net change-to-persis- tence ratio of 46%. Cropland showed the largest loss (19%) while grassland was the most stable type of land cover des- pite some fluctuation (»10%) observed during the 10-year period. The land cover transition was dominated by systematic processes, with few random processes of change. Systematic land cover transitions such as agricultural abandonment and vegetation re-growth were attributed to regular or common processes of change. This study suggests that the implementa- tion of practices conducive to sustainable intensification of existing agricultural land, supported by policies that promote increased diversification of Ethiopian agriculture, would mitigate pressure on forests by avoiding their future conver- sion to cropland.
COMPARISON OF SCS UH AND CLARK METHODS FOR RAINFALL–RUNOFF MODEL IN DELUWANG WATERSHED
Authors: Arifin Muhammad , Hidayah Entin , Widiarti Wiwik Yunarni
Published: May 2020

Deluwang River water source is widely used for the needs of irrigation, plantation, and the fulfillment of domestic life. Given the importance of the role of water in Deluwang watershed, then he had to do the management of watershed. The proper management of watershed hydrological modeling requires accurate. Rainfall-runoff using HEC-HMS applications. This research aims tocomparison 2 methods in direct runoff. Therefore this study uses two methods, namely SCS Unit Hydrograph method and method of Clark Unit Hydrograph. On the calibration process using daily rainfall data and daily debit year 2006, whereas in the validation process using daily rainfall data and daily debit years 2007 to 2012. The results of the calibration using Clark Unit Hydrograph method better than using SCS Unit Hydrograph method with Nash's value 0,700 than 0,539. While the results of the validation of modeling using Clark Unit Hydrograph method is better than using SCSUnit Hydrograph method with a value of Nash 0,541 than 0,368.

Sungai Deluwang sumber airnya banyak dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan irigasi, perkebunan, serta pemenuhan kehidupan rumah tangga. Mengingat pentingnya peranan air pada DAS Deluwang, maka perlu  dilakukannya pengelolaan DAS. Pengelolaan DAS yang tepat membutuhkan pemodelan  hidrologi yang akurat. Pemodelan hujan aliran menggunakan aplikasi HEC-HMS. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan 2 metode yang terdapat pada direct runoff. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode, yaitu metode SCS Unit Hydrograph dan metode Clark Unit Hydrograph. Pada proses kalibrasi menggunakan data curah hujan harian dan debit harian tahun 2006, sedangkan pada proses validasi menggunakan data curah hujan harian dan debit harian tahun 2007 sampai 2012. Hasil kalibrasi menggunakan  metode Clark Unit Hydrograph lebih bagus dibandingkan menggunakan metode SCS Unit Hydrograph dengan nilai Nash 0,700 berbanding 0,539. Sedangkan hasil validasi pemodelan menggunakan  metode Clark Unit Hydrograph lebih bagus dibandingkan menggunakan metode SCS Unit Hydrograph dengan nilai Nash 0,541 berbanding 0,368.
PLANNING OF SOFT SOIL IMPROVEMENT WITH PRELOADING AND PREFABRICATED VERTICAL DRAIN METHOD
Authors: Ningsih Ana Crosita , Wicaksono Luthfi Amri , Ma'ruf Mokhamad Farid
Published: May 2020

The northern coastal areas of Java such as Gresik and surrounding areas have a soil structure of alluvium consisting of gravel / coral, sand, clay soil and shells. Soil basic conditions are soft enough to cause land subsidence (settlement). The need for rapid construction causes the urban areas to become less and more for development land. This requires the improvement of soft soil to be used as a building site. As for the method to be done in this planning using a combination of preloading and PVD methods to accelerate the process of land degradation. Based on the planning result, the total height of embankment (preloading) is 3.5 m and the planning time lasted 4 months. Soft soil improvement is done up to 25 m depth with PVD design using triangle pattern and space 1.3 m. The 95% consolidation decrease due to the load of embankment caused the soil to fall as deep as 1,928 m. In this planning use modeling Plaxis 8.6 2D and the resulting yield of soil is 1,990 m.

Wilayah pesisir pantai utara Jawa seperti daerah Gresik dan sekitarnya mempunyai struktur tanah berupa alluvium yang terdiri dari batu kerikil/koral, pasir, tanah lempung dan pecahan kulit kerang. Kondisi tanah dasar yang cukup lunak menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan tanah (settlement). Adanya kebutuhan konstruksi yang semakin pesat menyebabkan wilayah perkotaan menjadi semakin sedikit untuk dijadikan lahan pembangunan. Hal ini mengharuskan dilakukannya upaya perbaikan tanah lunak agar bisa dijadikan lahan bangunan nantinya. Adapun pada metode yang akan dilakukan pada perencanaan ini menggunakan kombinasi metode preloading dan PVD untuk mempercepat proses penurunan tanah. Berdasarkan hasil perencanaan didapatkan total tinggi timbunan (preloading) adalah 3,5 m dan waktu perencanaan berlangsung 4 bulan. Perbaikan tanah lunak dilakukan sampai dengan kedalaman 25 m dengan desain PVD menggunakan pola segitiga dan spasi 1,3 m. Penurunan konsolidasi 95% akibat beban timbunan menyebabkan tanah turun sedalam 1,928 m. Pada perencanaan ini menggunakan pemodelan Plaxis 8.6 2D dan hasil penurunan tanah yang dihasilkan adalah sedalam 1,990 m.
PLANNING OF BICYCLE LANE IN JEMBER UNIVERSITY
Authors: Anshori Nur Fahmi , Hasanuddin Akhmad , Hayati Nunung Nuring
Published: May 2020

Jember University is a university located in Jember, a tropical city in the southeast of East Java. Jember University being in the green area so providing calm in carrying out of academic activities. furthermore, many bicycle users can helping to decrease many air pollution in campus area. With the pride of the campus known as green area and ecological deserve dedicated lanes for cyclist to make sense and comfort for users. Due to many bicycle users in campus area again some problem. The problems of planning a lanes for bicycle is what are the lanes, the location of lanes and circulation of lanes.Purpose of this research how to plan some users bicycle can feel safety and comfort. This research hope gift to Jember University a benefits and how to make a good management the modes of transportation in campus are, specially some bicycle users.

Universitas Jember adalah sebuah perguruan tinggi negeri yang terletak di kota Jember, sebuah kota beriklim tropis di bagian tenggara Provinsi Jawa Timur. Kampus UNEJ berada di kawasan hijau yang ramah lingkungan sehingga memberikan ketenangan dalam melaksanakan kegiatan akademik. Selain itu banyaknya pengguna sepeda di Universitas Jember juga membantu mengurangi polusi udara di daerah kampus. Dengan kebanggaan kampus yang dikenal sebagai kawasan hijau dan ramah lingkungan selayaknya disediakan jalur khusus untuk pesepeda agar memberikan keamanan dan kenyamanan untuk pesepeda. Seiring dengan bertambahnya pengguna sepeda di areal Universitas Jember timbul beberapa permasalahan. Permasalahan yang timbul dalam perencanaan jalur pesepeda adalah seberapa besar lebar jalur, tata letak jalur, dan sirkulasi jalur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni merencanakan jalur pesepeda yang aman dan nyaman untuk dilewati pesepeda . Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat bagi Universitas Jember dalam mengelola sarana transportasi di dalam kampus UNEJ khususnya pengendara sepeda.