bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein subcellular relocalization and function of duplicated flagellar calcium binding protein genes in honey bee trypanosomatid parasite
Authors: Yuan Xuye , Kadowaki Tatsuhiko
Published: March 2024

The honey bee trypanosomatid parasite, Lotmaria passim, contains two genes that encode the flagellar calcium binding protein (FCaBP) through tandem duplication in its genome. FCaBPs localize in the flagellum and entire body membrane of L. passim through specific N-terminal sorting sequences. This finding suggests that this is an example of protein subcellular relocalization resulting from gene duplication, altering the intracellular localization of FCaBP. However, this phenomenon may not have occurred in Leishmania, as one or both of the duplicated genes have become pseudogenes. Multiple copies of the FCaBP gene are present in several Trypanosoma species and Leptomonas pyrrhocoris, indicating rapid evolution of this gene in trypanosomatid parasites. The N-terminal flagellar sorting sequence of L. passim FCaBP1 is in close proximity to the BBSome complex, while that of Trypanosoma brucei FCaBP does not direct GFP to the flagellum in L. passim. Deletion of the two FCaBP genes in L. passim affected growth and impaired flagellar morphogenesis and motility, but it did not impact host infection. Therefore, FCaBP represents a duplicated gene with a rapid evolutionary history that is essential for flagellar structure and function in a trypanosomatid parasite.
Self-reported uptake of STI testing services among adolescents and young people aged 15–24 years: Findings from the Yathu Yathu cluster randomized trial in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Hensen Bernadette , Phiri Mwelwa M. , Sigande Lucheka , Schaap Ab , Simuyaba Melvin , Zulu-Phiri Rosemary , Mwape Louis , Floyd Sian , Fidler Sarah , Hayes Richard , Simwinga Musonda , Ayles Helen
Published: March 2024

There is little evidence regarding community-based delivery of STI testing and treatment for youth aged 15–24 (AYP) in Zambia. In a cluster-randomised trial, we evaluated whether offering syndromic STI screening through community-based, peer-led sexual and reproductive health services (Yathu Yathu) with referral to a local health facility for testing, increased self-reported testing for STIs (other than HIV) among AYP. Two communities in Lusaka were divided into 10 zones each (20 zones in total); by community, zones were randomly allocated (1:1) to Yathu Yathu or control. Monitoring data were used to describe syndromic STI screening through Yathu Yathu and an endline cross-sectional survey used to evaluate the impact of Yathu Yathu on self-reported ever and recent (last 12 months) STI testing. 10,974 AYP accessed Yathu Yathu; 66.6% (females—67.7%; males—64.7%) were screened for STIs, 6.2% reported any STI symptoms. In the endline survey, 23.3% (n = 350/1501) of AYP who ever had sex ever STI tested; 13.5% (n = 174/1498) who had sex in the last 12 months recently STI tested. By trial arm, there was no difference in self-reported ever or recent STI testing among all AYP. Among men aged 20–24, there was evidence that ever STI testing was higher in the Yathu Yathu compared to control arm (24.1% vs 16.1%; adjPR = 1.67 95%CI = 1.02, 2.74; p = 0.04). Among AYP who ever STI tested, 6.6% (n = 23) reported ever being diagnosed with an STI. Syndromic STI management through community-based, peer-led services showed no impact on self-reported STI testing among AYP. Research on community-based delivery of (near) point-of-care diagnostics is needed.

Trial registration number(s): NCT04060420 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04060420; and ISRCTN75609016; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN75609016.
Role of internet use, mobile phone, media exposure and domestic migration on reproductive health service use in Bangladeshi married adolescents and young women
Authors: Pickard Anita , Islam Md Irteja , Ahmed Md Sabbir , Martiniuk Alexandra
Published: March 2024

Numerous studies have identified factors that are associated with increased access to reproductive health services in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). However, limited studies examined the influence of access to internet or a mobile phone, media exposure and domestic migration on reproductive health services use in LMICs like Bangladesh. This study investigated the role of such factors on the use of contraceptives, antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) by married adolescents and young women in Bangladesh and whether it was varied by area. Secondary data for 1665 married women aged 15–24 years, sourced from the 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, were included in both bivariate analyses and logistic regression modelling to examine the role of access to internet and/or mobile phone, media exposure and domestic migration on the outcome variables (contraceptive, ANC and PNC). All regression models were controlled for age, wealth, education and number of existing children. Among all participants, 69.8% were aged 20–24 years and 85.6% lived in rural areas. Of the total sample, 67.5% used contraceptives, 75.7% utilised ANC and 48.7% accessed PNC. Domestic migration significantly increased contraceptive use, with women who had moved locally within the last five years 1.84 times more likely to use contraception than those who had never moved (95% CI: 1.41–2.41, p<0.001). Women with internet or mobile phone access were more likely to receive ANC (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.22–2.00, p<0.001) compared to those without internet/mobile phone access. Media exposure was found to increase the likelihood of receiving ANC in urban areas. No significant influence was found on the use of PNC. Internet/mobile-based platforms are promising avenues for public health messaging regarding ANC in Bangladeshi married adolescents and young women. Further research is required into determinants of PNC service use in low-resource settings.
Diffusion of active Brownian particles under quenched disorder
Authors: Zhao Xiong-Biao , Zhang Xiao , Guo Wei
Published: March 2024

The motion of a single active particle in one dimension with quenched disorder under the external force is investigated. Within the tailored parameter range, anomalous diffusion that displays weak ergodicity breaking is observed, i.e., non-ergodic subdiffusion and non-ergodic superdiffusion. This non-ergodic anomalous diffusion is analyzed through the time-dependent probability distributions of the particle’s velocities and positions. Its origin is attributed to the relative weights of the locked state (predominant in the subdiffusion state) and running state (predominant in the superdiffusion state). These results may contribute to understanding the dynamical behavior of self-propelled particles in nature and the extraordinary response of nonlinear dynamics to the externally biased force.
Subjective walkability perceived by children and adolescents living in urban environments: A study protocol for participatory methods and scale development in the WALKI-MUC project
Authors: Scheller Daniel Alexander , Bachner Joachim
Published: March 2024

Background

Youth’s perceptions of a city or neighbourhood’s walkability are important for determining the physical activity (PA) friendliness of their environment. Traditional objective measures of walkability fail to incorporate children and youth’s (CY) subjective perceptions of places that they perceive as supportive for play and exercise. Internationally, the most promising subjective measure is the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth (NEWS-Y) questionnaire. Yet, the NEWS-Y is not available for German-speaking adolescents. In the WALKI-MUC project, a combination of participatory research methods is used to identify CY’s perceptions of PA-friendly places in Munich, Germany. Based on the findings, a German version of the NEWS-Y (NEWS-Y-G) for subjective walkability measurement is developed.

Methods and design

CY aged six to 17 years from neighbourhoods with different objectively-measured walkability, take part in photovoice, walking interviews and mapping to gather their perceptions of PA-friendly places. The participatory study begins with an introductory workshop and concludes with a follow-up workshop, where characteristics of PA-friendly places are discussed in focus groups. In between these workshops, participants complete a photo mission with a walking interview, allowing for individual significance of PA-related places to be shared in a one-on-one setting with the researcher. The findings are used to adapt and translate the NEWS-Y for the German context. The newly developed NEWS-Y-G is then used to measure the subjective walkability perceived by a representative sample of adolescents in Munich.

Discussion

The WALKI-MUC project introduces a participatory methodology for researchers and urban planners to assess subjective walkability with CY. The combination of qualitative and quantitative walkability measurements is described in this study protocol. Findings on PA-friendly places contribute to environmental psychology and the development of the NEWS-Y-G adds a German-language instrument for subjective walkability measurement.
Association rule mining with a special rule coding and dynamic genetic algorithm for air quality impact factors in Beijing, China
Authors: Wu Xiaoxuan , Wen Qiang , Zhu Jun
Published: March 2024

Understanding air quality requires a comprehensive understanding of its various factors. Most of the association rule techniques focuses on high frequency terms, ignoring the potential importance of low- frequency terms and causing unnecessary storage space waste. Therefore, a dynamic genetic association rule mining algorithm is proposed in this paper, which combines the improved dynamic genetic algorithm with the association rule mining algorithm to realize the importance mining of low- frequency terms. Firstly, in the chromosome coding phase of genetic algorithm, an innovative multi-information coding strategy is proposed, which selectively stores similar values of different levels in one storage unit. It avoids storing all the values at once and facilitates efficient mining of valid rules later. Secondly, by weighting the evaluation indicators such as support, confidence and promotion in association rule mining, a new evaluation index is formed, avoiding the need to set a minimum threshold for high-interest rules. Finally, in order to improve the mining performance of the rules, the dynamic crossover rate and mutation rate are set to improve the search efficiency of the algorithm. In the experimental stage, this paper adopts the 2016 annual air quality data set of Beijing to verify the effectiveness of the unit point multi-information coding strategy in reducing the rule storage air, the effectiveness of mining the rules formed by the low frequency item set, and the effectiveness of combining the rule mining algorithm with the swarm intelligence optimization algorithm in terms of search time and convergence. In the experimental stage, this paper adopts the 2016 annual air quality data set of Beijing to verify the effectiveness of the above three aspects. The unit point multi-information coding strategy reduced the rule space storage consumption by 50%, the new evaluation index can mine more interesting rules whose interest level can be up to 90%, while mining the rules formed by the lower frequency terms, and in terms of search time, we reduced it about 20% compared with some meta-heuristic algorithms, while improving convergence.
Spatial and seasonal variation in disinfection byproducts concentrations in a rural public drinking water system: A case study of Martin County, Kentucky, USA
Authors: Unrine Jason M. , McCoy Nina , Christian W. Jay , Gautam Yogesh , Ormsbee Lindell , Sanderson Wayne , Draper Ricki , Mooney Madison , Cromer Mary , Pennell Kelly , Hoover Anna G.
Published: March 2024

To increase our understanding of the factors that influence formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in rural drinking systems, we investigated the spatial and seasonal variation in trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) concentrations in relation to various chemical and physical variables in a rural public drinking water system in Martin County, Kentucky, USA. We collected drinking water samples from 97 individual homes over the course of one year and analyzed them for temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, free chlorine, total chlorine, THMs (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, dichlorobromomethane, and bromoform) and HAAs (monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid). Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed only weak overall clustering for HAA concentrations and none for THMs. The relationship between modeled water age and TTHM or HAA5 concentrations varied seasonally. In contrast, there was strong variation for both HAA and THMs, with concentrations of HAA peaking in mid-summer and THMs peaking in early fall. Multiple regression analysis revealed that THM concentrations were strongly correlated with conductivity, while HAA concentrations were more strongly correlated with water temperature. Individual DBP species that only contained chlorine halogen groups were strongly correlated with temperature, while compounds containing bromine were more strongly correlated with conductivity. Further investigation revealed that increased drinking water conductivity associated with low discharge of the Tug Fork River, the source water, is highly correlated with increased concentrations of bromide. Discharge and conductivity of the Tug Fork River changed dramatically through the year contributing to a seasonal peak in bromide concentrations in the late summer and early fall and appeared to be a driver of brominated THM concentrations. Brominated DBPs tend to have higher toxicity than DBPs containing only chlorine, therefore this study provides important insight into the seasonal factors driving risk from exposure to DBPs in rural drinking water systems impacted by bromide.
El trabajo social y sus intervenciones de apoyo a la capacidad jurídica de las personas, tras la Ley 8/2021
Authors: Soto Esteban Raúl , Alcázar Ruiz Rafael , Villegas Castrillo Esther
Published: March 2024

La relación del trabajo social con la Administración de Justicia adquiere una nueva dimensión en el campo de la discapacidad. La Ley 8/2021, por la que se reforma la legislación civil y procesal para el apoyo a las personas con discapacidad en el ejercicio de su capacidad jurídica, reconoce la importancia de esta profesión y la sitúa junto a la profesión médica en cuánto a la información pericial y la intervención a realizar con personas con discapacidad. La cuestión de los apoyos para mejorar la capacidad jurídica es una variable fundamental para que la valoración sociofamiliar sea necesaria. La aportación de este estudio es descriptiva y propositiva, sitúa la ley en relación con la situación social y con la profesión del trabajo social. Posteriormente, detalla las disciplinas o especialidades del trabajo social que pueden participar en estos procedimientos judiciales, con ejemplos de relaciones previas entre la regulación de la discapacidad y el trabajo social. Finalmente, realiza una propuesta de trabajo, un inicio de protocolo de actuación entre disciplinas para buscar la colaboración en forma de mesa redonda que recoge la ley.
The Principle of Equality in the Eyes of the Israeli Citizens: A Comparative Study between Arab and Jewish Citizens in Israel
Authors: Azaizah Alaa
Published: March 2024

This study explores the perceptions of Arab and Jewish citizens in Israel regarding the principle of equality, utilizing a mixed-method approach comprising both qualitative and quantitative methods. The sample consisted of 200 Israeli citizens, divided equally among Arabs and Jews, with all participants completing a questionnaire and 10 also participating in in-depth interviews. The findings reveal significant differences in perceptions of inequality across various dimensions, including income, employment opportunities, educational accessibility, healthcare coverage, and housing quality. These disparities highlight a profound difference in how the two communities perceive their socio-economic standing within the country. For instance, a majority of Arab citizens perceive income inequality and economic discrimination, a sentiment less echoed among Jewish citizens. Employment opportunities also emerged as a concern, with Arab professionals reporting discrimination in the job market. Educational accessibility is notably perceived as unequal by Arab citizens, reflecting disparities in resources and facilities between Jewish and Arab schools. Similarly, healthcare coverage and the quality of housing facilities are areas where Arab citizens perceive greater inequality. The qualitative findings corroborate these perceptions, emphasizing the need for policy changes and a more inclusive approach to address socio-economic and political disparities.

The study emphasizes the importance of aligning democratic principles with equitable outcomes, highlighting the challenge faced by the Israeli government in balancing the country's distinct identity with the need for equality in all sectors. It calls for a reevaluation of the Israeli legal system in light of Israel's unique history and cultural richness, advocating for pluralism, inclusivity, and equality. The influence of Zionist ideas since Israel's establishment in 1948 is also discussed, particularly their impact on power distribution and opportunities across different ethnicities. The study suggests that these ideologies may contribute to career advancement challenges faced by non-Jewish citizens, reflecting a broader issue of implicit and explicit discrimination in the country.
Determination of height in corn (Zea mays L.) crops through the use of images produced by UAVs
Authors: Oliveira Jefferson Peres de , Oliveira André Luiz Ferreira , Souza Hugo Manoel de , Araújo Igor Vinícius dos Santos , Nuñez Daniel Noe Coaguila
Published: March 2024

Behind only soybean production, corn is the second most produced grain in Brazil. Remote sensing is generally considered one of the most important technologies for precision agriculture and smart agriculture, enabling producers to monitor various parameters in agricultural crops. This work aimed to determine the height of plants in corn crops through the photogrammetry technique using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Montividiu, State of Goiás, Brazil, in the 2023 harvest. The mapped crop was corn, the georeferenced images were captured via drone, with 249 photos generated during approximately 14 min of flight. The geoprocessing of the orthomosaic and digital surface model was ArcGIS, in which the sketch was plotted on the orthophoto (georeferenced image) to later extract the height data for each treatment. The original data were subjected to the normality test with 5% significance and homogeneity test with 5% significance, then the data were subjected to analysis of variance using the F test with p < 0.05 and, when significant, it was used if the Tukey test with p < 0.05. Block A had the best performance for average plant height with values above 0.8 m. The use of UAVs proved to be an important and efficient tool in determining the height of corn plants for future work on phytopathology, nutrient deficits, areas with leaching or even distinguishing different cultivars.
Assessment of agricultural drought in Iraq employing Landsat and MODIS imagery
Authors: Hatem Israa , Alwan Imzahim A. , Ziboon Abdul Razzak T. , Kuriqi Alban
Published: March 2024

Climate change poses an urgent global challenge in water resource management, with drought emerging as a pervasive threat worldwide. Over the past two decades, Iraq has faced severe droughts, categorized into meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomic types. Agricultural drought, marked by prolonged soil moisture deficits due to insufficient rainfall, often leads to crop failures. This comprehensive study delves into the impact of drought on Iraq’s vegetation cover from 2000 to 2022, utilizing advanced tools like remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) facilitated the creation of multitemporal drought maps. Employing Landsat satellite imagery and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation indices, the study revealed 2000, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2022 as the most drought-prone years. In specific years such as 2000, 2008, 2010, and 2009, Landsat imagery showcased the lowest vegetation cover percentages (3.356, 4.984, 5.112, and 5.409%, respectively), while MODIS data indicated the lowest percentages in 2008, 2000, 2009, 2012, and 2022 (11.122, 11.260, 12.580, 13.026, and 14.445%, respectively). This study underscores the pivotal role of RS, particularly NDVI, as a valuable tool for agricultural drought early warning systems. The findings highlight the effectiveness of NDVI as a simple and cost-efficient index for monitoring changes in vegetation conditions and assessing the impact of droughts on agriculture.
New sequence spaces derived by using generalized arithmetic divisor sum function and compact operators
Authors: Yaying Taja , Saikia Nipen , Mursaleen Mohammad
Published: March 2024

Define an infinite matrix

D
α

=

(

d

n
,
v

α

)

\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha}=(d^{\alpha}_{n,v})

by

d

n
,
v

α

=

{

v
α

σ

(
α
)

⁢

(
n
)

,

v
∣
n

,

0
,

v
∤
n

,

d^{\alpha}_{n,v}=\begin{cases}\dfrac{v^{\alpha}}{\sigma^{(\alpha)}(n)},&v\mid n,\\
0,&v\nmid n,\end{cases}

where

σ

(
α
)

⁢

(
n
)

\sigma^{(\alpha)}(n)

is defined to be the sum of the 𝛼-th power of the positive divisors of

n
∈
N

n\in\mathbb{N}

, and construct the matrix domains

ℓ
p

⁢

(

D
α

)

\ell_{p}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

(

0
<
p
<
∞

0<p<\infty

),

c
0

⁢

(

D
α

)

c_{0}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

,

c
⁢

(

D
α

)

c(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

and

ℓ
∞

⁢

(

D
α

)

\ell_{\infty}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

defined by the matrix

D
α

\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha}

.
We develop Schauder bases and determine 𝛼-, 𝛽- and 𝛾-duals of these new spaces.
We characterize some matrix transformation from

ℓ
p

⁢

(

D
α

)

\ell_{p}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

,

c
0

⁢

(

D
α

)

c_{0}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

,

c
⁢

(

D
α

)

c(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

and

ℓ
∞

⁢

(

D
α

)

\ell_{\infty}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

to

ℓ
∞

\ell_{\infty}

, 𝑐,

c
0

c_{0}

and

ℓ
1

\ell_{1}

.
Furthermore, we determine some criteria for compactness of an operator (or matrix) from

X
∈

{

ℓ
p

⁢

(

D
α

)

,

c
0

⁢

(

D
α

)

,

c
⁢

(

D
α

)

,

ℓ
∞

⁢

(

D
α

)

}

X\in\{\ell_{p}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha}),c_{0}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha}),c(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha}),\ell_{\infty}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})\}

to

ℓ
∞

\ell_{\infty}

, 𝑐,

c
0

c_{0}

or

ℓ
1

\ell_{1}

.
Kant on Judgment and Feeling
Authors: Dunn Nicholas
Published: March 2024

It is well known that Kant connects judgment and feeling in the third Critique. However, the precise relationship between these two faculties remains virtually unexplored, in large part due to the unpopularity of Kant’s faculty psychology. This paper considers why, for Kant, judgment and feeling go together, arguing that he had good philosophical reasons for forging this connection. The discussion begins by situating these faculties within Kant’s mature faculty psychology. While the ‘power of judgment’ [Urteilskraft] is fundamentally reflective, feeling [Gefühl] reveals itself as essentially non-discursive. Their systematic connection emerges through the principle of purposiveness [Zweckmäßigkeit], which the former legislates for the latter. I claim that we must understand this notion in terms of the suitability of the faculties for each other, as displayed in mere reflection. That is, we can only recognize the fitness of two things for each other through feeling, which, in turn, is the only way that we can engage in the activity of merely reflecting judgment. I conclude by gesturing at an even further way in which judgment and feeling are related, based on their mutual role in orienting all of the faculties of the human mind.
The Use of Acute Exercise Interventions as Priming Strategies to Improve Physical Performance During Track-and-Field Competitions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tan Kairui , Kakehata Gaku , Lim Julian
Published: March 2024

The use of exercise interventions to maximize athletes' performance is a common practice in competitions. This systematic review aimed to compile research that explored the effectiveness of priming strategies to maximize physical performance in track and field. The literature search was conducted from PubMed and Scopus. One hundred eighty-two studies were assessed against the inclusion criteria: (a) minimum 1-year participation/competition experience; (b) randomized controlled trials with pre-post intervention outcomes; and (c) studies involving exercise interventions applied ≤6 hours before outcome measures were collected. Fifteen studies satisfied the criteria and were categorized according to the exercise interventions used (i.e., resistance training, plyometric/ballistic training, resisted sprints, and modified warm-ups). Heavy-loaded resistance training (i.e., >85% 1 repetition maximum) and resisted sprints increased subsequent sprint performance. Plyometrics/ballistic training also positively impacted subsequent jumping (i.e., long jump) and throwing performance (i.e., shot put). Modified warm-ups (i.e., high-intensity sprints and heavier throwing implements) also improved subsequent running and throwing performance. Overall, exercise interventions performed at high intensity and low volume augment subsequent physical performance as close to 4 minutes before the event. However, a sufficient recovery interval must be considered for a positive performance response.
“Pescadoras, não, somos pescadeiras”:
Authors: Pires Vilsélia de Souza , Rial Carmen Sílvia de Moraes
Published: March 2024

O presente ensaio aborda a atuação de mulheres frente a iniciativas sustentáveis, em busca de políticas públicas que contemplem suas práticas cotidianas voltadas para a pesca artesanal, cultivo de hortaliças e criação de pequenos animais, trabalho este invisibilizado na conjuntura patriarcal e sexista. No baixo Amazonas, às margens do rio-mar ou nos lagos interiores do município de Parintins, mulheres pescadoras que se autodenominam “pescadeiras” enfrentam inúmeros desafios para atuar como pescadora profissional num universo ainda predominantemente masculino. Diante disso, têm-se unido em parcerias, reunindo-se entre elas em busca da reativação do manejo de pesca na região de várzea do complexo lacustre Macuricanã, principal atributo da unidade de conservação APA - Nhamundá em Parintins/AM. O modo de vida, as práticas pesqueiras, a luta pelos espaços de decisões, as atuações como líderes comunitárias e as iniciativas sustentáveis encontram diferentes formas de opressão e discriminação, sobretudo de gênero, da divisão sexual do trabalho e das diversas implicações no uso do território que atravessam a vivência das pescadoras e demonstram que o capitalismo, as estruturas patriarcais e sexistas estão presentes no mundo da pesca e tendem a se sobrepor no cotidiano das pescadeiras.
Águas ancestrais:
Authors: Guida Navarro Alexandre , Gouveia Neto João Costa
Published: March 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo aplicar as teorias das novas materialidades ao estudo da cultura material da estearia do Formoso, uma aldeia palafítica pré-colonial dos séculos IX-X AD, localizada na Amazônia oriental. Os apliques dos vasos cerâmicos deste sítio arqueológico apresentam várias informações cosmológicas no que tangem à transformação ou metamorfose dos corpos, aspectos estes férteis para a discussão do xamanismo nas terras baixas da América do Sul, em especial, da Amazônia. Utilizam-se conceitos clássicos da etnografia antropológica aplicados à Arqueologia, contribuindo para a discussão sobre a diversidade das formas de fabricar o corpo na Amazônia em sua porção mais oriental, como o do Mestre dos Animais, uma entidade sobrenatural metamorfoseada pelo xamã e que também pôde ter feito parte da cosmologia dos povos lacustres do Maranhão.
Redes de movimento:
Authors: Tomé Tiago , Van Havre Grégoire
Published: March 2024

Uma das abordagens disponíveis na aplicação de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica em Arqueologia é a análise de caminhos de menor custo (Least Cost Paths ou LCP). Potenciais vias de acessibilidade no Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões foram modeladas, integrando sítios arqueológicos conhecidos. Conjuntos de LCP gerados com base no declive do terreno, assim como parâmetros associáveis a adaptações a regiões semiáridas e opções de natureza comportamental com potencial de influenciar a deslocação nesse território, foram testados. O uso do vale como acesso e o potencial de acessibilidade no entorno de quatro sítios arqueológicos foram analisados. Os resultados sugerem que fatores como a insolação e a (in)visibilidade podem oferecer alternativas na modelagem de padrões de movimentação na paisagem, com particular utilidade em regiões tropicais semiáridas, bem como num contexto de colonialidade.
Reinforcement Learning during Locomotion
Authors: Wood Jonathan M. , Kim Hyosub E. , Morton Susanne M.
Published: March 2024

When learning a new motor skill, people often must use trial and error to discover which movement is best. In the reinforcement learning framework, this concept is known as exploration and has been linked to increased movement variability in motor tasks. For locomotor tasks, however, increased variability decreases upright stability. As such, exploration during gait may jeopardize balance and safety, making reinforcement learning less effective. Therefore, we set out to determine if humans could acquire and retain a novel locomotor pattern using reinforcement learning alone. Young healthy male and female participants walked on a treadmill and were provided with binary reward feedback (indicated by a green checkmark on the screen) that was tied to a fixed monetary bonus, to learn a novel stepping pattern. We also recruited a comparison group who walked with the same novel stepping pattern but did so by correcting for target error, induced by providing real-time veridical visual feedback of steps and a target. In two experiments, we compared learning, motor variability, and two forms of motor memories between the groups. We found that individuals in the binary reward group did, in fact, acquire the new walking pattern by exploring (increasing motor variability). Additionally, while reinforcement learning did not increase implicit motor memories, it resulted in more accurate explicit motor memories compared with the target error group. Overall, these results demonstrate that humans can acquire new walking patterns with reinforcement learning and retain much of the learning over 24 h.
Acetylcholine engages distinct amygdala microcircuits to gate internal theta rhythm
Authors: Bratsch-Prince Joshua X. , Warren James W. , Jones Grace C. , McDonald Alexander J. , Mott David D.
Published: March 2024

Acetylcholine (ACh) is released from basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in response to salient stimuli and engages brain states supporting attention and memory. These high ACh states are associated with theta oscillations, which synchronize neuronal ensembles. Theta oscillations in basolateral amygdala (BLA) in both humans and rodents have been shown to underlie emotional memory, yet their mechanism remains unclear. Here, using brain slice electrophysiology in male and female mice, we show large ACh stimuli evoke prolonged theta oscillations in BLA local field potentials that depend upon M3 muscarinic receptor activation of cholecystokinin (CCK) interneurons (INs) without the need for external glutamate signaling. Somatostatin (SOM) INs inhibit CCK INs and are themselves inhibited by ACh, providing a functional SOM-CCK IN circuit connection gating BLA theta. Parvalbumin (PV) INs, which can drive BLA oscillations in baseline states, are not involved in the generation of ACh-induced theta, highlighting that ACh induces a cellular switch in the control of BLA oscillatory activity and establishes an internally BLA-driven theta oscillation through CCK INs. Theta activity is more readily evoked in BLA over cortex or hippocampus, suggesting preferential activation of BLA during high ACh states. These data reveal a SOM-CCK IN circuit in BLA that gates internal theta oscillations and suggest a mechanism by which salient stimuli acting through ACh switch the BLA into a network state enabling emotional memory.

Significance statementWhile ACh plays a critical role in establishing network states enabling emotional behaviors, the mechanisms by which ACh acts on circuits involved in emotional processes remain unclear. The BLA receives dense cholinergic projections and plays a key role in emotional behaviors. Using electrophysiology recordings in mouse brain slices, we show that cholinergic stimuli readily induce theta oscillations in the BLA through CCK, but not PV INs. These oscillations are gated by SOM INs, establishing a CCK-SOM microcircuit in the generation of theta oscillations. Further, oscillatory activity is more readily induced in the BLA compared to hippocampus or cortex. These results reveal a detailed circuit-specific mechanism for ACh modulation of BLA theta oscillations that play a critical role in emotional processing.
Analisa Produktivitas Mesin Dan Merancang Improvement Mesin Produksi Di Line Forming Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal
Authors: Subhan Aan , Khakim Ainul , Pangestu Gayuh
Published: March 2024

Abstrak

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tahapan alur produksi di Divisi Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal. Mengetahui tahapan proses forming dalam divisi Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal. Mengetahui permasalahan yang timbul di line forming Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal. Mengetahui penyebab akar permasalahan yang timbul di line forming Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal. Mengetahui rancangan rencana perbaikan untuk permasalahan di line forming Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal. Divisi Fastener merupakan salah satu bisnis produksi di PT Dharma Polimetal yang berfokus untuk memproduksi produk-produk pengencang. Untuk produk yang dihasilkan di Divisi Fastener ini antara lain Bolt Flange 6 mm, Bolt Torx m8 x 25 mm, Screw Tapp 5 x 12, Bolt Flange m10 x 190, dan lain-lain. Dengan dibuatnya penelitian ini peneliti dapat mengetahui produktivitas mesin di line forming di Divisi Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal, menganalisa faktor-faktor produksi yang mempengaruhi produktivitas line forming Divisi Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal, dan merumuskan rancangan perbaikan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas line forming Divisi Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal.

 

Abstract

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The purpose of this study was to determine the stages of the production flow in the Fastener Division of PT Dharma Polimetal. Knowing the stages of the forming process in the Fastener division of PT Dharma Polimetal. Knowing the problems that arise in the PT Dharma Polimetal Fastener line forming. Knowing the root cause of the problems that arise in the PT Dharma Polimetal Fastener line forming. Knowing the draft improvement plan for problems in the PT Dharma Polimetal Fastener line forming. The Fastener Division is one of the production businesses at PT Dharma Polimetal which focuses on producing fastener products. The products produced in the Fastener Division include Bolt Flange 6 mm, Bolt Torx m8 x 25 mm, Screw Tapping 5 x 12, Bolt Flange m10 x 190, and others. With this research, researchers were able to determine machine productivity in line forming in the Fastener Division of PT Dharma Polimetal, analyze the production factors that affect the productivity of line forming in the Fastener Division of PT Dharma Polimetal, and formulate improvement plans to increase the productivity of line forming in the Fastener Division of PT Dharma Polimetal.
Analisis Flow Simulation Air Conditioner Duct Pada Konstruksi Sleeper Bus Chassis Mercedes Benz OH 1836
Authors: Juarmito Meidin , Handiko Yuda Dwi
Published: March 2024

Abstrak

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Ducting merupakan salah satu komponen yang sangat berpengaruh pada konstruksi

bus yang memakai air conditioner. tujuan dari penilitian adalah untuk mengetahui

bagaimana distribusi aliran udara dan temperature di dalam komponen air conditioner

duct dengan menggunakan flow simulation. Pembuatan desain rancangan 3D ducting

dilakukan menggunakan software Solidwork dengan variasi 24 louver AC . Hasil dari

simulasi velocity louver yang memliki nilai rata-rata velocity paling besar yang

pertama pada louver AC 6 sebesar 37.69 m/s dan yang kedua louver AC 5 sebesar

36.96 m/s karena posisinya berada tepat dibawah saluran udara masuk. Hasil dari

simulasi temperature louver yang memliki nilai rata-rata temperature paling rendah

yang pertama pada louver AC 6 senilai 21.24 ℃ dan yang kedua louver AC 5 senilai

21.28 ℃

Abstract

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Ducting is a component that is very influential in the construction of buses that use air

conditioners. The purpose of this research is to find out how the distribution of air flow

and temperature in the air conditioner duct components uses flow simulation. The 3D

ducting design was made using Solidwork software with a variation of 24 AC louvers.

The results of the velocity louver simulation which has the greatest average velocity

value are the first at the AC 6 louver of 37.69 m/s and the second the AC 5 louver of

36.96 m/s because its position is right below the inlet air. The results of the louver

temperature simulation which have the lowest average temperature value are the first at

louver AC 6 worth 21.24 ℃ and the second louver AC 5 worth 21.28 ℃.
YARGI KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA ORGANİZE SANAYİ BÖLGELERİNİN TACİR VASFI VE BUNLARLA İLGİLİ UYUŞMAZLIKLARIN TİCARİ DAVA NİTELİĞİ
Authors: BOZKURT Tamer
Published: March 2024

Bir tüzel kişinin hangi koşullarda tacir sıfatını kazanacağı Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun 16/1. maddesinde düzenlenmiştir. Buna göre ticaret şirketleriyle, amacına varmak için ticari işletme işleten vakıflar, dernekler ve kendi kuruluş kanunları gereğince özel hukuk hükümlerine göre yönetilmek veya ticari şekilde işletilmek üzere Devlet, il özel idaresi, belediye ve köy ile diğer kamu tüzel kişileri tarafından kurulan kurum ve kuruluşlar tacir sayılır. Organize sanayi bölgeleri (OSB) ise 4562 sayılı Kanun’a göre Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı’nın onayı ile kurulan özel hukuk tüzel kişileridir. OSB’lerin tacir sıfatını haiz olup olmadığı ve OSB bünyesindeki bir şirkete arsa tahsisi, tahsi-sin iptali, kira sözleşmesi, elektrik aboneliğinden doğan borçlardan doğan uyuşmazlıklarda hangi mahkemelerin görevli olduğu bir sorun olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmamızda TTK m. 16/1 çerçevesinde tüzel kişilerin tacir sıfatını kazanmasının koşulları irdelendikten sonra; OSB’lerin tacir sıfatını ve bir uyuşmazlıkta davanın ticarî dava niteliğini haiz olup olmadığı incelenmeye çalışılacaktır.
EXPLORATION OF NOVICE STUDENTS IN PROBLEM SOLVING OF STATIC FLUID PHYSICS MATERIALS
Authors: Faizah Revnika , Kusairi Sentot , Hidayat Arif , Koes Supriono , Sanjaya Lari Andres , Kusumawati Astrini Dewi
Published: March 2024

One essential ability in physics is problem-solving ability. Problem-solving and physics are inseparable. This research aims to reveal how students solve physics problems. This research is quantitative descriptive research, namely describing students' problem-solving abilities in Static Fluid material. This research was conducted on 28 Physics education students at one of the State Universities in East Java. Data was collected through tests and in-depth interviews. The research instrument was two test items on statistical fluid problem-solving. The results show that the students' physics problem-solving abilities are still in the beginner category. Learners need to work on solving problems correctly with incomplete problem-solving aspects. The interviews showed that students' difficulties in the problem-solving process were mainly in determining the physics approach to use and bringing the physics approach to specific conditions. This analysis can help further studies of improving novice physics problem-solving abilities
Travellers in Provence
Authors: Santich Barbara
Published: March 2024

The article surveys some guidebooks aimed at English travellers in the 18th century and travellers' own accounts of their journeys examining why they travelled and what they focused on in their accounts.
Las pruebas PISA de la OCDE
Authors: Díaz-Vásquez Oscar Andrés
Published: March 2024

The OECD's PISA tests currently represent a point of reference when it comes to evaluating education systems. This international test arouses great interest and debate not only in public opinion, but also in the academic field, from where research is published in various areas of study. For this reason, the purpose of this article is to analyze the trends in the literature on the PISA tests to determine how it has been approached in the last 21 years in research journal articles. The method used consisted of a bibliographic review from the Scopus database, which is complemented by an analysis of bibliometric networks where the co-occurrence of words, the journals with the greatest impact, and a study of the most cited authors and documents are analyzed. The result of this text is that, on the one hand, the articles are framed mainly in methodological aspects, the impact and the results of the tests, and on the other, that the articles on PISA deal mostly with studies and research from European countries, with low incidence in investigations of Latin American countries.
Improve communication ot an autistic child - research into improvement ot therapy
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, Poland, Błeszyński Jacek
Published: March 2024

The author concentrates on the problem of autism defined by most diagnostic classifications as a disturbance in development - it embodies the domain of sodal and communieative activity. The best known classifications (L. Kanner, M. Rutter, E.R. Ritvo, Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders - IV) give some information about etiology and methodology in the research of autism. The author pays his attention to the methods of improving communication with autistic children.
Quality in school
Authors:   Constantine the Philosopher University Nitra, Slovak Republic, Klimentova Anna
Published: March 2024

The paper deals with the problem of quality in school. There is a great importance devoted to the improving the quality in school. The educational institutions have gained on one side more freedom but on the other side the more responsibility either. They have to demonstrate they are able to offer quality education to their customers - pupils.
Historiography and the revolt history teaching
Authors:   Matej Bel University Banska Bystrica, Slovak Republic, Korim Vojteeh
Published: March 2024

This presented study deals with the basic grounds for historiography especially with regard to the historie awareness and the revolt history teaching under present conditions of so called postmodern period in development of Slovakia. The author briefly glosses the fundamental levels of the Slovak revolt history presentation in context of the national, regional, and of the research of so called dailiness history, of prospective resource base as well as of their relevance for both the educational processes and the presentation in public.
A forma da administração pública
Authors: BRUNET FERRAN
Published: March 2024

RESUMO Este artigo tenta conceituar as formas de Administração Pública a partir da economia política marxista. Esta pesquisa é exposta em duas partes. Na primeira, estabelecemos como as formas capitalistas de produção moldam as atividades organizadoras do Estado. As atividades sociais necessárias que não podem produzir de forma mercantil e/ou capitalista devem ser desenvolvidas de forma administrativa pelas agências estatais e corporações. Por isso a contradição e a complementação entre acumulação e Estado. Na segunda parte desta pesquisa analisamos sistematicamente os objetos, objetivos e capacidades da Administração Pública.
Estrutura fundiária e reforma agrária no Brasil
Authors: ALBUQUERQUE MARCOS C. CAVALCANTI DE
Published: March 2024

RESUMO Este artigo é uma tentativa de analisar os padrões de propriedade da terra no Brasil e sua relação com variáveis econômicas como produção, produtividade, uso da terra e lucratividade. Algumas conclusões e derivadas a respeito da implementação do programa de reforma agrária e seus efeitos sobre os aspectos econômicos do setor agrícola brasileiro. As principais conclusões são: a) do ponto de vista econômico ‘a terra deve ser tratada em igualdade de condições com qualquer outro fator de produção; b) não há evidências de uso extensivo da terra para fins especulativos; e) nenhuma mudança significativa vem ocorrendo em relação ao padrão fundiário fortemente concentrado observado no Brasil; d) não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre grupos de diferentes tamanhos de fazendas com relação à eficiência econômica (diferenças parciais de produtividade são explicadas por diferenças na disponibilidade de fatores e refletem o comportamento adequado de alocação de recursos pelos agricultores); e) a reforma agrária no Brasil, tal como proposta pelo governo, não é a política correta para promover o crescimento e desenvolvimento agrícola.
Condições e limites da inserção do Brasil no mercado internacional da soja*
Authors: LECLERCQ VINCENT
Published: March 2024

RESUMO O Brasil vive um grande boom na produção de soja. Desde a década de 1960, o país conseguiu diversificar sua matriz exportadora, incluindo as exportações de soja e seu óleo, suco de laranja e carnes. No entanto, a crise de 1982-3 diminuiu a capacidade do Estado de apoiar o setor agrícola. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o impacto da nova condição financeira nos custos de produção do setor.
Contribution of QuitoMax® to the hormonal and enzymatic metabolism in tomato under saline stress
Authors: Argentel-Martínez Leandris , Aguilera Jorge González , Avila-Amador Carlos , Peñuelas-Rubio Ofelda , Steiner Fabio , Garatuza-Payán Jaime
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT Salinity stress severely restricts plant nutrition and hinders biochemical and physiological processes crucial for growth. In several crop systems bioactive products which confer growth promotion, are applied as a sustainable alternative for contributing to food security. The aim of this work was to evaluate the biochemical contribution of QuitoMax® to hormonal and enzymatic metabolism in tomato under saline stress. Three treatments were applied: saline without QuitoMax®, nonsaline + QuitoMax® and saline + QuitoMax®. A tolerant (Amalia) and a susceptible (Claudia) tomato variety were used as experimental models. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was measured as a morphological variable, and peroxidase (POD), glutamine synthetase (GS) and nitrate reductase (NR) enzyme activities were determined. Gibberellic (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations were also determined. Due to the effects of QuitoMax®, the plants maintained high NDVI values even under saline conditions. A decrease in POD and GS activity and an increase in NR activity were also found. The GA concentration in the leaves was higher in the tolerant variety when QuitoMax® was applied than in the saline treatment but lower in the susceptible variety. The opposite behavior was found when the ABA concentration was quantified. This study demonstrates the protective action of QuitoMax® under salinity stress on tomato crops in both tolerant and susceptible varieties. In crux, QuitoMax® can be opted as a shotgun approach to tackle salinity in tomato.