bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Role of High‐Intensity Interval Training‐Induced Increase in Humanin Levels for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Soltany Afsaneh , Daryanoosh Farhad , Gholampour Firouzeh , Sadat Hosseini Najmeh , Khoramipour Kayvan
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the effect of 8 weeks of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on the role of the Humanin (HN). In this study, 28 male Wistar rats were assigned to one of four groups: healthy control (CO), diabetes control (T2D), exercise (EX), and diabetes + exercise (T2D + EX). After diabetes induction (2‐month high‐fat diet and injection of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin), the animals in the EX and T2D + EX groups underwent an 8‐week HIIT protocol (4–10, interval of 80%–100% of maximum speed). HOMA‐IR, fasting blood glucose, and HN levels were measured in the serum. The expression of HN, Bax, Bcl‐2, CAT, GPx, MDA, TNFα, and IL‐10 was measured in the soleus muscle. Our results showed that the serum level of HN and the muscle levels of IL‐10, SOD, CAT, and Bax were higher in the T2D + EX group than in the T2D group. However, the HOMA‐IR index and the muscle levels of MDA, TNFα, and Bcl‐2 were lower in the T2D + EX group than in the T2D group. Muscle levels of HN and GPx showed no significant difference between the T2D + EX and T2D groups. The result of Pearson analysis showed a significant correlation between HN and MDA, SOD, Bax and Bcl‐2. This study provides evidence that there is a correlation between serum Humanin levels and HIIT. HIIT benefits T2D rats by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Given Humanin's established involvement in inflammation and oxidative stress, it is possible that the benefits of HIIT on T2D rats are mediated by humanin.
Development and Evaluation of a Rapid Visualisation Detection Method for Ameson portunus Based on RPA‐LFD
Authors: Pang Yunfei , Song Jiaxue , Jiang Lirong , Lin Yiping , Xiu Yunji
Published: February 2025

The Ameson portunus is a prevalent pathogen affecting Portunus trituberculatus, which can infect P. trituberculatus and cause albinism, seriously damaging its economic value. Therefore, there is a pressing need for an efficient detection platform to rapidly and sensitively identify A. portunus. In this study, we have developed a method known as recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick (RPA‐LFD) for the swift detection of A. portunus. Three sets of specific primer pairs and a probe were designed according to the spore wall protein (SWP) sequence of A. portunus, in which one of the primer pair (ApSWP‐F1/R1) showed the best amplification effects. The optimal reaction temperature was ultimately determined to be 39°C and the optimal reaction time was set at 10 min after careful optimisation of both variables. The sensitivity of the RPA‐LFD method was better than that of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with a limit of 1.71 × 10−4 ng/μL. This RPA‐LFD detection method has good specificity for the detection of A. portunus, and tests for other parasites such as Zschokkella ophiocephali, Myxobolus drjagini, Myxidium lieberkuhni and Pelteobagrus fulvidraeo are negative. The above results show that the RPA‐LFD detection method of A. portunus established in this study has strong specificity, high sensitivity, simple operation and visual results, which can be widely used for rapid detection on site.
Efficacy of Biliary Brush Cytology With Rapid On‐Site Cytological Evaluation for the Detection of Malignant Biliary Strictures
Authors: Shin Il Sang , Myeong Jun Ho , Moon Jong Ho , Lee Yun Nah , Park Jae Woo , Kim Hee Kyung , Yang Jae Kook , Lee Tae Hoon , Cho Young Deok , Park Sang‐Heum
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Brush cytology is a widely used diagnostic method in conjunction with intraductal biopsies during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, but its diagnostic yield remains a limitation. This study evaluated the efficacy of biliary cytology using a newly developed brush device with rapid on‐site cytological evaluation (ROSE) for detecting malignant biliary strictures (MBSs).

Methods

In total, 58 patients with suspected intrinsic MBS identified by intraductal ultrasound were enrolled. After achieving tissue sampling with ROSE through a maximum of two brushing passes, a transpapillary forceps biopsy (TPB) was performed. The primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy, and the secondary outcomes were technical success, sampling adequacy, and procedure‐related adverse events.

Results

Biliary cytology with ROSE was technically successful in all patients (58/58), with a sampling adequacy of 96.6% (56/58). The technical success and sampling adequacy of TPB were 94.8% (55/58) and 91.4% (53/58), respectively. Brush cytology with ROSE and TPB yielded sensitivity rates of 91.8% and 85.7%, specificity rates of 88.9% for both, and accuracy rates of 88.9% for both. The receiver operating characteristic curve comparing the diagnostic accuracies of brush cytology with ROSE and TPB combined versus TPB alone showed a significantly higher value for the combined approach (0.93) than TPB alone (0.87) (p = 0.010).

Conclusion

Biliary brush cytology using a novel brush device with ROSE is effective and can be used complementarily to TPB in patients with suspected MBS.
Pregnant Women's Experiences With a Collaborative Midwife‐Dietitian Empowerment Programme to Improve Diet Quality
Authors: van Lonkhuijzen Renske M. , Prins Suzanne , van Loghem Fleur , de Vries Jeanne H. M. , Wagemakers Annemarie
Published: February 2025

Background

Pregnancy is a crucial period prompting increased intentions for lifestyle changes. Suboptimal diet quality during pregnancy can cause adverse health outcomes for both mother and child. The Power 4 a Healthy Pregnancy (P4HP) programme aims to improve the diet quality of pregnant women through empowerment, by providing four additional consultations to discuss nutrition with a midwife and dietitian. This research aimed to study the experiences of pregnant women engaged in the P4HP programme.

Methods

A qualitative study using in‐depth interviews was conducted. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling from women who completed the P4HP programme. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted using time‐lining as an explorative tool. Interview transcripts underwent thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's six‐phase process, combining inductive and deductive coding approaches.

Results

Twenty‐two interviews were conducted with women from eight midwifery practices. Four main themes emerged: (1) women report various dietary improvements, influenced by diverse factors, (2) most pregnant women evaluate the P4HP programme positively, (3) the dietitian plays a key role in empowering pregnant women towards healthy dietary intakes and (4) midwives support pregnant women in maintaining dietary improvements. Participants viewed the P4HP consultations favourably, which facilitated empowerment through personalized guidance, reassurance, and increased awareness and confidence levels. Motivated by their desire to ensure optimal nutrition for their babies, women made multiple improvements in their diet quality. While the guidance of the midwife served as a motivational factor to sustain these changes, it was the personalized nutritional guidance provided by the dietitian that women found instrumental in achieving actual dietary changes.

Conclusion

Our outcomes emphasize the importance of integrating dietitian consultations in standard antenatal care to promote enhancements in the diet quality of pregnant women.
Homeostasis of Calnexin Is Essential for the Growth, Virulence, and Hypovirus RNA Accumulation in the Chestnut Blight Fungus
Authors: Huang Tao , Ma Xiaoling , Zhao Ziqi , Qin Danna , Qin Weiye , Wang Jinzi , Chen Baoshan , He Xipu
Published: February 2025

Calnexin, a calcium‐binding protein, promotes correct protein folding and prevents incompletely folded glycopolypeptides from premature oxidation and degradation. Cryphonectria parasitica, an ascomycete fungus responsible for chestnut blight, poses a significant threat to the chestnut forest or orchards worldwide. Although various aspects of calnexin have been investigated, little is known about the impact of fungal viruses. CpCne was identified and characterized in this study, encoding the calnexin in C. parasitica. Strains with deletion or interference of the CpCne gene had a significant reduction in biomass and pathogenicity, and strains with overexpression of the CpCne gene had retarded growth and reduced pathogenicity. Transcriptome analysis showed that the △CpCne mutant had significant changes in the expression of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and degradation, indicating that CpCne may reduce virulence by affecting the cell wall. Additionally, the △CpCne mutant was sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, suggesting that CpCne plays an important role in maintaining ER homeostasis. Furthermore, CpCne was also involved in the interaction between C. parasitica and the CHV1‐EP713. Deletion or overexpression of the CpCne gene reduced viral RNA accumulation, and deletion of the CpCne gene altered the lipid and carboxylic acid metabolic pathways, thereby interfering with virus replication and assembly. Together, we demonstrated that the homeostasis of calnexin in C. parasitica (CpCne) is essential for hyphal growth and virulence, and revealed its role in viral replication and virulence.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate the diversity–invasion resistance relationship by influencing the role of complementarity and selection effects
Authors: Wang Jiang , Shen Yi , Chen Yuqiu , Gao Song , Xue Wei , Chen Xu , Chen Tong , Li Junmin
Published: February 2025

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in influencing plant community dynamics, yet their impact on the relationship between plant diversity and resistance, especially resistance to plant invasion, remains largely unclear.

We conducted an experiment using plant communities with varying species richness (one, three and six species) and subjected them to invasion by Solidago canadensis and AMF inoculation. We measured community resistance by comparing the biomass of invaded communities to uninvaded communities and investigated the effect of AMF inoculation on the diversity–resistance relationship.

Our results indicate that communities with higher plant species richness displayed greater resistance to invasion, and this effect was stronger in the presence of AMF than in its absence. AMF inoculation weakened the positive complementarity effect–resistance relationship (i.e. a decreasing species asynchrony) due to AMF‐induced alterations in community composition, but shifted the negative selection effect–resistance relationship to neutral (i.e. a negative‐to‐neutral sampling effect) due to the enhanced role of the dominant species Mosla scabra. Furthermore, the AMF‐induced changes in plant species resistance were positively correlated with their relative growth rate and specific root surface area.

These findings suggest that AMF inoculation alters the mechanisms underlying diversity–resistance relationships, with implications for how plant communities respond to disturbances such as invasion.
Toward a computational understanding of bribe‐taking behavior
Authors: Qiu Shiwei , Tang Yancheng , Yu Hongbo , Xie Hanbo , Dreher Jean‐Claude , Hu Yang , Zhou Xiaolin
Published: February 2025

Understanding how corrupt behavior occurs is a critical issue at the intersection of behavioral ethics, social psychology, and other related social sciences, laying the foundation for establishing effective anticorruption policies. Despite a substantial body of studies focused on bribe‐taking behavior—a typical form of corruption—and its modulators, its underlying psychological processes remain poorly understood. Drawing inspiration from recent literature on neuroeconomics and moral decision‐making, we argue that bribe‐taking decision‐making involves a value‐based computational process that can be characterized by a computational framework. We show how this framework advances our understanding of bribe‐taking decision‐making by (1) clarifying how the cost–benefit tradeoff determines the decision to accept or reject a bribe and its neural foundations, (2) improving the prediction of bribe‐taking behaviors across contexts and individuals, and (3) enhancing our comprehension of individual differences in bribe‐taking behaviors. Moreover, we delineate how this framework can benefit future research on bribery by examining the mechanisms through which various modulators impact the bribe‐taking behaviors or the computational processes underlying more intricate forms of corrupt behaviors. We also discussed its potential fusion with artificial intelligence techniques in offering insights for understanding cognitive processes underlying bribe‐taking behaviors and designing anticorruption strategies.
Extracellular ATP: an emerging multifaceted regulator of plant fitness
Authors: Yuan De Peng , Kim Daewon , Xuan Yuan Hu
Published: February 2025

Adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of living organisms and the primary form of organic phosphate (Po) involved in cellular metabolism. In plants, some ATP is released into the extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to various stimuli, where it functions as extracellular ATP (eATP), a key signalling molecule. Recent advances have shed light on the mechanisms of eATP signalling in plants. This review consolidates these findings, beginning with the role of eATP in regulating plant growth, development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. It further summarizes the pathways of eATP accumulation and degradation in the ECM and introduces the cellular signalling pathways mediating eATP responses, as reported in key studies. Finally, perspectives on future research directions in this field are presented.
Histomorphological Changes in the Canine Epididymis During Downregulation and Recovery After Deslorelin Treatment
Authors: Greiner Henriette , Körber Hanna , Packeiser Eva‐Maria , Focks Ines , Aslan Selim , Ay Serhan , Findik Murat , Saral Gülşah , Akal Eser , Fontaine Christelle , Goericke‐Pesch Sandra
Published: February 2025

Slow‐release GnRH agonist implants containing deslorelin (SRI) are registered for temporary suppression of male fertility. The effect of SRI treatment on canine testicular function is well characterised, although the effect of downregulation and subsequent recovery on epididymal function has not been studied yet. Therefore, twenty‐nine healthy male dogs were treated with a 4.7 mg SRI for five months. Subsequent to implant removal, groups of 4–5 dogs were surgically castrated either at implant removal (week 0) or 2, 4, 6, or 10 weeks later. Three subgroups were categorised according to pre‐surgical testosterone levels. Five healthy untreated dogs served as control. Epididymides were separated into head, body and tail. Epididymal duct diameter and epithelial height were measured using haematoxylin–eosin‐stained sections of each dog and part of epididymides. Besides, the presence of spermatozoa, the cilial height, the thickness of the muscle layers and the relative amount of connective tissue were semiquantitatively assessed. The downregulated epididymis was characterised by a reduced epithelial height and epididymal duct diameter, lower cilia and absence of sperm, but more connective tissue, supporting that epididymal function is significantly altered by SRI treatment. At recovery subsequent to implant removal, the histomorphology was comparable with untreated controls. The study indicates that recovery of the epididymal function, like spermatogenesis, depends on testicular testosterone production.
NK cell‐based immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Guo Pei , Zhong Liyuan , Wang Tao , Luo Weijia , Zhou Aiqiang , Cao Deliang
Published: February 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most challenging malignancies globally, characterized by significant heterogeneity, late‐stage diagnosis, and resistance to treatment. In recent years, the advent of immune‐checkpoint blockades (ICBs) and targeted immune cell therapies has marked a substantial advancement in HCC treatment. However, the clinical efficacy of these existing therapies is still limited, highlighting the urgent need for new breakthroughs. Natural killer (NK) cells, a subset of the innate lymphoid cell family, have shown unique advantages in the anti‐tumour response. With increasing evidence suggesting the crucial role of dysfunctional NK cells in the pathogenesis and progression of HCC, considerable efforts have been directed toward exploring NK cells as a potential therapeutic target for HCC. In this review, we will provide an overview of the role of NK cells in normal liver immunity and in HCC, followed by a detailed discussion of various NK cell‐based immunotherapies and their potential applications in HCC treatment.
Comparative Efficacy of Various Interventions to Reduce Perceived Stress Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhu Mingyue , Chen Huimin , Wang Qing , Ding Xiaotong , Li Zheng
Published: February 2025

Background

Existing interventions targeting perceived stress in older adults exhibit a diverse range of types and inconsistent effectiveness. It remains unclear which interventions are most effective for older adults in terms of perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and cortisol levels.

Aims

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of interventions targeting perceived stress in older adults for perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and cortisol levels.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, and WanFang databases on January 9, 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Pairwise meta‐analysis and network meta‐analysis (NMA) were conducted using Review Manager v.5.4 and Stata v.16.0.

Results

A total of 23 RCTs were included. The reminiscence therapy had the highest probability (98.6%) of being the most promising intervention to reduce perceived stress, followed by exercise (68.1%) and yoga (56.1%). The included interventions had benefits on cortisol levels (SMD = −0.30; 95% CI [−0.54, −0.06]; p = 0.01). Moreover, exercise showed positive effects on reducing depression (SMD = −1.84; 95% CI [−3.69, 0.01]; p = 0.05), and it was ranked as the most promising method for depression or anxiety. Health education also reduced anxiety symptoms compared to control group (SMD = −0.77; 95% CI [−1.27, −0.26]; p = 0.03).

Linking Evidence to Action

Interventions targeting perceived stress had overall benefits in reducing perceived stress in older adults, especially reminiscence therapy and exercise. Exercise and health education each had potential benefits for alleviating depression and anxiety, respectively. More high‐quality RCTs are needed to obtain more robust conclusions.
Language, Power, and Social Dynamics in Online Gaming: A Discourse Analysis of Toxicity and Inclusivity in Digital Spaces
Authors: AlAfnan Mohammad Awad
Published: February 2025

The article explores the intersection of language, power, and social dynamics in online gaming communities, focusing on toxic and inclusive language within multiplayer digital spaces. Through a discourse analysis of player interactions, this study investigates how language functions as a tool for asserting dominance, marginalizing certain groups, and fostering inclusivity. While toxicity remains pervasive in many gaming environments, with players using exclusionary language to assert control and maintain power hierarchies, inclusive language emerges as a counterforce, enabling players to challenge these norms and create more cooperative and supportive spaces. The findings reveal that toxic language- such as gendered insults and racial slurs- is predominantly used by more dominant players, particularly those with higher skill levels or social status within the game. These behaviors reinforce power imbalances and contribute to the exclusion of ‘other’ groups, including women and players who belong to different ethnic background. Conversely, inclusive language, including gender-neutral terms, supportive comments, and active resistance to toxic speech, is employed as a form of resistance by players seeking to create an environment that values respect and equality. Despite the ongoing prevalence of toxic behavior, inclusive language was found to be a significant part of player interactions, offering a pathway to challenge oppressive power structures and build solidarity. The study contributes to the growing body of research on the role of language in shaping digital spaces, emphasizing the importance of discourse in both perpetuating and disrupting power dynamics. The implications of these findings suggest that game developers and community leaders must take a more proactive role in addressing toxic language and promoting inclusivity through design features, policies, and community guidelines. By highlighting the role of language in constructing power relations and fostering inclusivity, the article calls for a more inclusive approach to online gaming, where all players, regardless of their identity, can participate and thrive without fear of harassment or exclusion.
Multi-objective structural optimization of hydraulically controllable reciprocating seals with comprehensive static and dynamic performance
Authors: Li Xiaoxuan , Wang Bingqing , Li Yuntang , Peng Xudong , Chen Yuan , Li Xiaolu
Published: February 2025

The hydraulically controllable reciprocating seal (HCRS) is a novel intelligent sealing technology capable of online performance regulation, making it one of the preferred solutions for highly reliable seals in the industrial field. However, the impact of structural parameters on the performance of it remains unclear, complicating efforts to provide precise guidance for structural design. To address these issues, this paper first employs a mixed thermoelastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) model to perform a parametric analysis of how structural parameters affect the static and dynamic performance of seals, identifying key influencing factors. Secondly, a multi-objective optimization model was established to derive the optimal structural design using a comprehensive balance method. Finally, the performance results before and after optimization were compared. The results indicate that the width of the slide ring, the air side angle of the slide ring, the inner diameter of the slide ring, and the length of the internal pressure cavity are critical factors influencing sealing performance. Following optimization, the maximum von Mises stress in the seal was reduced by 51.5%, net leakage decreased by 12.9%, and friction power loss reduced by 2.25%. This demonstrates that the optimization method is effective for designing seals with low leakage, low friction, and high reliability.
Gelling and reducing agents are potential carbon and energy sources in culturing of anaerobic microorganisms
Authors: Liu Yi-Fan , Yang Liu , He Qing-Ping , Xu Yi-Lin , Zhu Yu-Tong , Mi Yan-Le , Zhou Lei , Yang Shi-Zhong , Gu Ji-Dong , Mu Bo-Zhong
Published: February 2025

The majority of microorganisms in the environment have yet to be isolated in pure cultures, and the reasons behind this phenomenon remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the possibility of the commonly used gelling agent including agar and gellan gum as a source of carbon and energy in anaerobic roll-tube cultivation from one mangrove sediment sample and two high-temperature oilfield samples. Based on growth tests and genomic evidence, anaerobic gellan degraders were retrieved from genera of
Clostridium
,
Lacrimispora
, and lineages from the rarely cultivated phylum Atribacterota. Anaerobic agarolytic microorganisms were found to be members of
Bacillus
and
Clostridium
. We also proved the role of carbon and energy sources of L-cysteine, a routine agent used to make culture media anoxic/anaerobic in both enrichment cultures and isolated strains representing
Acetomicrobium
,
Thermodesulfovibrio
,
Lacrimispora
,
Clostridium
,
Bacillus
,
Coprothermobacter
,
Citrobacter
, and
Enterobacter
. Furthermore, the isolates and enriched microbial communities utilizing L-cysteine under anaerobic conditions were mainly through L-cysteine desulfuration to pyruvate, ammonia, and sulfide. This study demonstrates that the widely used gelling and reducing agents in the basal medium can serve as carbon and energy sources for anaerobic microorganisms and thus may bias the enrichment and isolation.

IMPORTANCE

Most microbial species inhabiting natural environments have not been isolated in pure cultures using conventional media and laboratory conditions, but the reason behind this is unclear. Here, we provided a new explanation for the phenomenon, in that both the gelling agents, like agar and gellan gum, and reducing agent L-cysteine-HCl in the media provide extra carbon and energy sources to microorganisms and therefore decrease the chance in isolation specifically for the supplemented substrate which is supposed to be the sole source of carbon and energy. This result demonstrated that further improvement in the effectiveness of isolation of targeted microorganisms will be facilitated by subtracting the overlooked organic ingredients in the medium and more innovations.
Amino acid substitutions in NSP6 and NSP13 of SARS-CoV-2 contribute to superior virus growth at low temperatures
Authors: Furusawa Yuri , Kiso Maki , Uraki Ryuta , Sakai-Tagawa Yuko , Nagai Hiroyuki , Koga Michiko , Kashima Yukie , Hojo Masayuki , Iwamoto Noriko , Iwatsuki-Horimoto Kiyoko , Ohmagari Norio , Suzuki Yutaka , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Halfmann Peter J. , Kamitani Wataru , Yamayoshi Seiya , Kawaoka Yoshihiro
Published: February 2025

In general, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replicates well at 37°C, which is the temperature of the human lower respiratory tract, but it poorly at 30°C‒32°C, which is the temperature of the human upper respiratory tract. The replication efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract may directly affect its transmissibility. In this study, an XBB.1.5 isolate showed superior replicative ability at 32°C and 30°C, whereas most other Omicron sub-variant isolates showed limited growth. Deep sequencing analysis demonstrated that the frequencies of viruses possessing the NSP6-S163P and NSP13-P238S substitutions increased to more than 97% during propagation of the XBB.1.5 isolate at 32°C but did not reach 55% at 37°C. Reverse genetics revealed that these substitutions contributed to superior virus growth
in vitro
at these low temperatures by improving virus genome replication. Mutant virus possessing both substitutions showed slightly higher virus titers in the upper respiratory tract of hamsters compared to the parental virus; however, transmissibility between hamsters was similar for the mutant and parental viruses. Taken together, our findings indicate that NSP6-S163P and NSP13-P238S contribute to superior virus growth at low temperatures
in vitro
and in the upper respiratory tract of hamsters.

IMPORTANCE

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replicates efficiently at 37°C. However, the temperature of the human upper airway is 30°C–32°C. Therefore, the replicative ability of SARS-CoV-2 at low temperatures could influence virus replication in the upper airway and transmissibility. In this study, we assessed the growth of Omicron sub-variants at low temperatures and found that an XBB.1.5 isolate showed increased replicative ability. By deep sequencing analysis and reverse genetics, we found that amino acid changes in NSP6 and NSP13 contribute to the low-temperature growth; these changes improved RNA polymerase activity at low temperatures and enhanced virus replication in the upper airway of hamsters. Although these substitutions alone did not drastically affect virus transmissibility, in combination with other substitutions, they could affect virus replication in humans. Furthermore, since these substitutions enhance virus replication in cultured cells, they could be used to improve the production of inactivated or live attenuated vaccine virus.
Characterization of intestinal fungal communities through ITS amplicon from metagenomic libraries of sea cucumber (
Holothuria glaberrima
)
Authors: Paez-Diaz Jessica Alejandra , Nieves-Morales Rene , Melendez-Martinez Gabriela , Rivera-Lopez Edwin Omar , Rodríguez-Ramos Josué , Rios-Velazquez Carlos
Published: February 2025

The brown rock sea cucumber (
Holothuria glaberrima
) microbiome is vital for understanding its ecological dynamics. This study focuses on the microbial composition and abundance of fungi across different intestinal regions of
H. glaberrima,
giving insights into host-microbe interactions and supporting future ecological and comparative studies on their regeneration capabilities.
Supplemental Material: Upstream bend skewing in alluvial meandering rivers is distinct compared to other sinuous channels on the Moon and Earth
Authors: Vazquez Juan A. , Goudge Timothy A. , Nelson Mariel D.
Published: February 2025

Additional details on methods, Figures S1–S6, and Tables S1–S2.
Comparison of Two Internal Markers and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for Predicting Nutrient Digestibility in Beef Cattle Offered Diets Varying in Forage Quantity and Quality
Authors: Peters Jenilee F. , Swift Mary L. , Penner Gregory B. , Lardner Herbert A. , McAllister Tim A. , Ribeiro Gabriel
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study was to evaluate acid detergent lignin (ADL), amylase-treated ash-corrected undigestible neutral detergent fiber (uNDFom), and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of feces as methods to estimate the digestibility of beef cattle diets varying in forage quantity and quality. Five digestibility studies provided individual fecal samples and corresponding apparent total tract digestibility (TTD) of nutrients (n = 229). A NIRS calibration was expanded with dried and ground samples and calibration performance evaluated using internal cross-validation. Mean fecal recovery of markers were 94.2% (SD ± 15.7%) for ADL and 87.5% (SD ± 11.1%) for uNDFom. The R2 between NIRS and TTD was greater than 0.83 except for ADF digestibility (R2 = 0.63), however R2 < 0.78 for internal markers. Concordance correlation coefficients between NIRS and TTD were greater than 0.77, between 0.63 and 0.82 for ADL, and 0.26 to 0.78 for uNDFom. Correction bias (Cb) was greater than 0.76 except for ADF digestibility (Cb = 0.58) as estimated by uNDFom. The mean square error of prediction for NIRS predicted digestibility were lower (<10.7) than those estimated by internal markers. Digestibility predictions from NIRS were more accurate and precise than estimated using the internal makers.
Optimization of levulinic acid conversion into methyl levulinate via methyl esterification catalyzed with aluminum sulfate
Authors: Medeiros Silva Leonete Cristina de Araújo Ferreira , Pinheiro da Silva Poliana , Neto Eduardo Lins de Barros , Nascimento Paula Fabiane Pinheiro do , Duarte Lindemberg de Jesus Nogueira , MELO Ricardo Paulo Fonseca , Lopes Francisco Wendell Bezerra
Published: February 2025

The use of low-cost, widely available environmentally friendly catalysts may strengthen the sustainability of lignocellulosic biomass conversion into levulinic esters. In this respect, the present study aimed to optimize the methyl esterification reaction between levulinic acid (LVA) and aluminum sulfate [Al2(SO4)3] with a view to producing methyl levulinate (MLV). The Box-Behnken design for three factors was applied to investigate the influence of reaction time (60, 120 and 180 min), alcohol:acid molar ratio (4:1, 8:1 and 12:1) and catalyst concentration (0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 mol.L-1) on LVA conversion into MLV. The reactions occurred in a Parr Instruments stainless steel reactor, at a temperature of 140 ºC and 733 rpm rotation. The results indicated that the interaction between molar ratio and catalyst concentration has a significant influence on LVA conversion. The regression model obtained is significant and predictive, with an R² value of 0.86. Analyses of response surfaces showed that a 60 minute reaction time produces high conversion, irrespective of the amount of catalyst. Fixing the shortest reaction time and lowest Al2(SO4)3 concentration, the molar ratio indicated for the reaction would be 1:6. The levels selected provide conversions varying from 86.83 to 99.27%, demonstrating the efficiency of a low-cost catalyst at low concentrations.
Structure and serpentinization of the northern Cascadia mantle wedge corner from receiver function modelling
Authors: Audet Pascal , McLellan Morgan , Bloch Wasja
Published: February 2025

The composition and structure of the mantle wedge corner (MWC) exert a primary control on seismogenic and fluid processes in subduction zone forearcs. Seismic evidence suggests widespread serpentinization of the MWC in Cascadia, but constraints on its internal structure and fabrics remain sparse. Here, we compile receiver function data for a line of seismograph stations in northern Cascadia to characterize the layered structure and seismic anisotropy in the MWC. We first invert for flat-layer shear-wave velocity (Vs) models and identify the presence of a dipping, ~4 km thick seismic low-velocity layer (LVL) marked by low Vs (~3 km/s) and high compressional-to-shear velocity ratio (Vp/Vs > 2). Above the LVL, the continental Moho is taken as the base of the low Vp/Vs (~1.7) zone, previously interpreted as the silica-rich lower continental crust. Second, we solve for anisotropic parameters in the mantle wedge corner, including layer thickness, Vp/Vs, percent anisotropy, and symmetry-axis orientation. We infer a ~5 km thick layer at the base of the MWC with Vs of 3.6 km/s and Vp/Vs of ~1.9. Anisotropy is characterized by a slow axis of hexagonal symmetry with 10% anisotropy and an orientation corresponding with sub-horizontal foliation fabrics. Based on these results, we infer 40-100% serpentinization of the MWC localized within a thin layer above the plate interface shear zone, potentially hosting high pore-fluid pressure. Shear-induced foliated fabrics in serpentinites above the plate interface may play an essential role in controlling seismogenic processes by channelling fluids up dip and aiding in generating fluid overpressures.
Vitamin C protects against doxorubicin induced skeletal muscle atrophy: Role of oxidative stress
Authors: Filho Antonio Viana do Nascimento , Stoyell-Conti Filipe Fernandes , Gauri Akolkar , Lima Lara Susan Silva , Bernardes Nathalia , Irigoyen Maria Claudia , Singal Pawan , De Angelis Kátia , Dias Danielle da Silva
Published: February 2025

Doxorubicin is known for its significant cardiotoxicity, driven in part by elevated oxidative stress (OS). Furthermore, preclinical models have demonstrated that doxorubicin induces skeletal muscle atrophy. While vitamin C has been recognized as a valuable pharmacological intervention for mitigating cardiac toxicity, its impact on doxorubicin-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is still to be determined. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin C on the skeletal muscle of rats subjected to doxorubicin exposure. Indeed, doxorubicin led to a reduction in body weight and gastrocnemius muscle weight. It also increased H2O2, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in the gastrocnemius. On the other hand, vitamin C was able to prevent the loss in skeletal muscle mass, as well as, the increase in markers of oxidative stress. In addition, negative correlations between gastrocnemius muscle mass and markers of cell damage were found. In conclusion, vitamin C emerges as a protective agent against doxorubicin-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and oxidative stress. This suggests its potential application as a prophylactic measure for patients undergoing doxorubicin treatment.

Keywords: Doxorubicin, Vitamin C, Oxidative Stress, Skeletal Muscle.
Extraction Algorithm of Unit Vibration Characteristic Signals Using Independent Component Analysis Method
Authors: Peng Fang , Wang Tong , Zhang Jian , Huang Mengting
Published: February 2025

To solve the problems of unit noise and vibration causing inconvenience to residents, this paper proposes a unit noise and vibration device and designs a unit noise and vibration control system. Adaptive active noise and vibration control is adopted, and DSP is used as the core of the entire system, which includes the acoustic sensor part, the peripheral signal conditioning part and the signal processing control part, so that it can achieve real-time control of unit noise and vibration. In addition, the improved independent component analysis method is used to achieve the noise reduction effect of unit noise and vibration. Finally, a unit noise and vibration detection system are designed, MEMS microphone detection is applied to achieve real-time detection of unit noise and vibration. Experiments show that the noise reduction effect of the system studied in this paper is relatively good. The vibration effect is better when the distance from the unit is 1m, and the noise value is reduced from 67[Formula: see text]dB to 48[Formula: see text]dB. Meanwhile, when the vibration distance from the unit is 22[Formula: see text]m, the noise drops to 37[Formula: see text]dB, and the noise value detected by the system in this paper is not much different from the actual noise value.
Quality Evaluation of Classroom Interactive Teaching Based on Software-Defined Fuzzy Network Perception
Authors: Wang Yubian , Chen Ruilin
Published: February 2025

To achieve the popularization of more innovative teaching modes and promote the rapid development of intelligent classroom teaching technology, it is necessary to design and develop the education and training platform more deeply, integrate with new teaching methods, and achieve an efficient teaching environment. We propose a load-balancing strategy based on deep reinforcement learning considering the problem of classroom terminal load. Based on the embedded classroom teaching platform, in the communication process, this strategy will let the reinforcement learning module model analyze the network. Then, through the advantages of the SDN global view, it obtains the status and information of the whole network, realizing the classroom interaction’s learning process. Optimizing the teaching structure is closer to the key and difficult points of teaching. The fuzzy perception clustering model is designed to improve teaching quality. By the embedded system, we process the data of the fuzzy perception model. Then, we combine fuzzy logic reasoning with the classroom teaching evaluation and utilize the fuzzy neural network to analyze the teaching situation. By training the network to get the optimal migration action decision, it can not only effectively improve the load-balancing effect of multiple controllers, but also reduce the balancing time and enhance the overall performance and stability of the network. Through the experimental analysis, compared with the traditional fuzzy neural network method, the mapping effect of the fuzzy clustering perception classification activation function used in this paper on the output of the normalized layer is verified. The clustering effect is 15.22% higher than that of the PE method and 9.32% higher than that of the SHKwon method. Besides, the improved algorithm improves the prediction rate of the network operation situation awareness. It is especially suitable for embedded systems with limited computing power.
Collaborative Development and Economic Effects of High-End Service Industry and Advanced Manufacturing Industry in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei: The Application and Impact of Internet of Things Technology
Authors: He Qiong , Guo Xueqing
Published: February 2025

This study examined the impact of coordinated development between high-end service industries and advanced manufacturing industries on high-quality economic growth in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. Drawing on panel data from 2008 to 2022, we first quantified the degree of industrial synergy using an industrial coupling framework and then incorporated the role of the Internet of Things as a reinforcing mechanism. By employing a spatial Durbin model, our findings indicated that, since 2016, the relationship between these sectors has evolved from near-synergistic to initially synergistic. Such coordinated development substantially enhanced economic quality and generated positive spatial spillovers that were predominantly mediated by economic linkages rather than simple geographic proximity. Moreover, high-technology–intensive service sectors amplified these spillovers through both economic and geographical channels. In light of these results, we recommend policies that strengthen industrial synergy via technological innovation, factor sharing, market restructuring, and increased openness to fully harness the resulting spillover effects for sustained high-quality economic development.
Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction for Microgrids Based on FCM–QPSO–LSTM
Authors: Zheng Mingzhong , Bu Qiangsheng , Yi Wenfei , Ye Zhigang
Published: February 2025

Traditional photovoltaic (PV) power prediction methods in microgrids are insensitive to weather characteristics, and fluctuations in weather data can lead to insufficient PV power prediction accuracy. Therefore, this paper proposes a short-term PV power prediction method for microgrids based on FCM–QPSO–LSTM, which is used to predict PV power under different seasons and weather types. First, the fuzzy [Formula: see text]-means clustering algorithm (FCM) is used to perform clustering analysis on multi-source weather data, and the initial dataset is clustered into sunny, cloudy, and rainy days. Second, to address the shortcomings of a single long-short-term memory (LSTM) model in terms of prediction accuracy and stability, the quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm is used to optimize the model of the LSTM network, and the QPSO–LSTM prediction model is constructed. By introducing quantum dynamic inertia weights and adaptive learning factors, the QPSO algorithm enhances the global search capability and local search capability, which greatly improves the prediction accuracy and stability of the prediction model. Finally, the average absolute percentage error and root mean square error (RMSE) are applied as evaluation indexes to assess the performance of the prediction model. The simulation results show that the QPSO–LSTM model is better than the single LSTM model and the traditional PSO–LSTM model in terms of the average absolute percentage error and RMSE indicators and is able to make accurate predictions of short-term PV power under different seasons and weather types.
Affective Decision-making and Perplexity in Digital Media Social Behavior Based on NLP and CLIP
Authors: Lu Jin
Published: February 2025

The digital media social behavior decision analysis method based on large-scale emotional data is a complex process involving natural language processing, data mining, machine learning, in-depth learning and other fields. In digital media social behavior data collection, NLP and CLIP are mainly used to process and analyze user-generated content, including multimedia data such as text, images and videos. These data come from various social media platforms, such as Weibo, WeChat, Jitterbug, Instagram, Twitter and so on. Based on the NLP and CLIP model, this paper analyzes the user’s social behavior data (such as publishing content, interaction records and attention relationship), and constructs the user’s accurate portrait. The content of the portrait includes the user’s interest, preference, emotional tendency and so on, which realizes the group decision-making judgment for the user. At the same time, by analyzing the influence of users on social media (such as the number of fans, the number of re-tweets and the number of likes), the impact of their comments on other people’s emotions and behavior is evaluated. Finally, the sentiment tendency of the user’s comment text is judged by a predefined vocabulary list (such as a sentiment dictionary) and grammar rules. The experimental results show that the model based on NLP and CLIP proposed in this paper can scientifically analyze the behavior decisions of digital media users. Compared with the existing models, it greatly improves the computing speed and decision evaluation efficiency on the basis of limited computing resources. After experimental testing, the optimal solution probability of the model proposed in this paper is 0.96, which achieves the level of excellent models in the industry without the need for large-scale computational resources.
Application of Fuzzy Logic Inference Engine in Digital Culture Industry
Authors: Huang Xuan , Chen Meihua
Published: February 2025

With the advancement of digital publishing, digital copyright trading is poised to become the predominant mode of copyright transactions in the future. However, the growth of the publishing industry is currently impeded by several challenges associated with digital copyright trading. These challenges include a complex evaluation process for determining copyright value, difficulties in protecting copyrights, obstacles in gathering evidence for infringement cases, and intricate management processes involved in trading. To address these issues within the existing traditional copyright valuation framework, this paper proposes and designs a digital copyright valuation system grounded in fuzzy logic. This system aims to evaluate digital copyright value comprehensively and intelligently by analyzing its key features through a fuzzy logic inference model. The objective is to provide valuable insights that can facilitate the development of digital copyright trading practices.
Integration of Solar Photovoltaic with Modular Multiport Converter Using a Pi Controller Optimized Through Hybrid Osprey Optimization Algorithm and Relational Bi-Level Aggregation Graph Network
Authors: Balasani Srinivasa Rao , Krishnan T. Santhana , Prasad P. Venkata , Jaseem Leeth Hassen
Published: February 2025

The integration of solar photovoltaic (SPV) systems with modular multiport converters (MMPC) enables efficient energy conversion and distribution, enhancing the overall performance and reliability of renewable energy systems (RES). However, the complexity of the control algorithms and potential issues related to the dynamic response can pose challenges in achieving optimal performance and stability in varying operating conditions. This paper proposes a hybrid method for integrating SPV systems with MMPC to achieve efficient power management in modern renewable energy grids. The proposed hybrid method is the combined execution of the Osprey Optimization Algorithm (OOA) and Relational Bi-level Aggregation Graph Convolutional Network (RBAGCN). Hence it is named as OOA-RBAGCN technique. The aim is to ensure optimal power transfer, minimize total harmonic distortion (THD), maintain voltage stability under dynamic operating conditions, and ultimately improve the overall energy efficiency, reliability, and performance of SPV-based RES within smart grid applications. The OOA is used to optimize the control parameter of the proportional-integral (PI) controller. The RBAGCN is used to predict these optimized parameters. By then, the proposed approach is used on the MATLAB platform and compared with other approaches such as Starling Murmuration Optimization (SMO), Dung Beetle Optimizer (DBO), Improved Harris Hawks Optimization (IHHO), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The proposed method achieves a high efficiency of 98.1%, and a reduced THD of 2.9% significantly surpassing all existing methods.