bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metodología aplicada en el proyecto “Actualización y generación catastral en el distrito metropolitano de Quito (Ecuador)”
Authors: Gaspar Soriano José Miguel
Published: July 2016

No disponible
Escenarios de subida del nivel medio del mar en los mareógrafos de las costas peninsulares de España en el año 2100
Authors: Fraile Jurado Pablo , Fernández Díaz Miguel
Published: July 2016

En este trabajo se realiza una estimación de las expectativas de cambio del nivel medio del mar en el año 2100 en los mareógrafos peninsulares de España. Mediante el análisis temporal de las tendencias de cambio anual observadas en los mareógrafos y su relación con el comportamiento global del nivel medio del mar durante el periodo de medida de cada mareógrafo, se calculó un factor local que permite modificar, al alza o a la baja, las expectativas globales de cambio enunciadas por diferentes modelos globales de cambio del nivel medio del mar en el futuro, obteniendo una previsión local. Los cálculos se realizaron para 18 mareógrafos y 6 escenarios diferentes de subida del nivel del mar. Los resultados obtenidos muestran subidas generalizadas en todos los casos, aunque con importantes diferencias, que dependen tanto del escenario elegido para el análisis como del comportamiento pasado del nivel del mar en cada mareógrafo.
Modelización sostenible del emplazamiento de nuevas segundas residencias en el medio rural. El caso de La Vera (Extremadura)
Authors: Jeong Jin Su , García Moruno Lorenzo , Hernández Blanco Julio , Jaraíz Cabanillas Francisco Javier
Published: July 2016

Se presenta un método de análisis operacional para apoyar la decisión para la implantación sostenible de segundas residencias rurales en un espacio dedicado al ecoturismo: la comarca de La Vera (Extremadura). En este estudio se emplean procesos jerárquicos analíticos (AHP) y promedios ponderados ordenados (OWA) como técnicas de modelado con múltiples atributos junto a las capacidades que ofrecen los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG). Se analizan seis criterios seleccionados de forma restrictiva y otros doce de forma no restrictiva, basados en todas las características posibles de las políticas de planeamiento existentes junto con dos procedimientos analíticos: encuesta a los residentes locales y grupos de discusión de expertos. A través de operadores del OWA con valor constante del orness y máxima entropía, los lugares óptimos para la localización de las segundas residencias rurales se representan en el área de estudio para evaluar las implicaciones ambientales actuales y predecir las mejoras futuras.
DESIGNING OF A SINGLE ARM SINGLE LEAD ECG SYSTEM FOR WET AND DRY ELECTRODE: A COMPARISON WITH TRADITIONAL SYSTEM
Authors: Gautham A , Karthik Raj V
Published: July 2016

Electrocardiography is a non-invasive medical diagnostic procedure used to record the electrical activity of the heart as a waveform. An electrocardiogram (ECG) can be utilized to evaluate the electrical activity of the heart, also the rate and regularity of the heart beat and other related diagnoses. ECG systems have evolved along since its invention and researches are going on continuously to decrease the complexity of ECG systems. This paper discusses the designing of a single arm single lead ECG system to acquire ECG signals from areas of left arm alone. The proposed system uses pre-gelled disposable surface electrodes and dry copper electrodes. The single arm approach in ECG acquisition reduces the complexity of the system to a greater extent and also improves the ease of use and patient comfort. The paper discusses the various designing aspects and the working of the single arm single lead ECG system. A hardware only approach has been used here in the design of the ECG system. ECGs were obtained from 10 healthy subjects using the proposed system, which were compared along with ECG acquired from a commercially used system. The obtained ECG had morphological features similar to a normal ECG waveform. The results of the comparison were very promising and all the values recorded were in the normal range of values for the respective parameters in comparison.
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR CUSTOMIZED PROSTHETIC SOCKET DESIGN
Authors: Nayak Chitresh , Singh Amit , Chaudhary Himanshu , Tripathi Abhishek
Published: July 2016

The manufacturing of limb prosthesis socket that is comfortable for the amputee depends greatly on prosthetic practitioner’s knowledge of socket biomechanics and skill. It involves multistage manual corrections depending upon the clinical condition of the patient’s residual limb which may be affected by shrinkage or possible damage of plaster of paris (PoP) mold. The current work describes a novel process simplified through digitization, it integrates conventional PoP processes, reverse engineering (RE), and additive manufacturing (AM) technologies to design and develop a socket. The stereolithography (STL) file generated from the scan data was modeled on a fused deposition modeling (FDM) based AM. Its fitment was assessed with the help of INSPECTPLUS and GEOMAGIC reverse engineering tools. This approach takes the guess work out of prosthetic practitioner’s job, ensures better fitment, and shortens the total fabrication time leading to improved patient satisfaction. The proposed method is a part of the ongoing research and it will offer maximum comfort on demand to the patients through digitization.
Information Seeking Behaviour in Digital Library Contexts
Authors: Kwanya Tom
Published: July 2016

The environment in which library services are currently offered has changed drastically. The volume of information has grown enormously; the variety of information, its sources and format of presentation have increased; the speed of information flow has increased; times and places to experience communication media have expanded; the number of information perspectives and points of view has exploded; and the people's interest in and expectation of the availability of information have grown. The information users have also changed and now exhibit remarkably unique information seeking behaviour. They basically want synthesised information with the least effort. They are intolerant to any forms of delay and get bored very fast. Librarians must understand the emerging information seeking behaviour and the resultant expectations to be able to satisfy the users' information needs closely. As they do so, they must acknowledge that the uptake of traditional services has dropped drastically and that it is much easier to follow the library users into their digital echo chambers than try to attract them back to the conventional library spaces.
Researching Information Seeking in Digital Libraries through Information-Seeking Models
Authors: Zaremohzzabieh Zeinab , Ahrari Seyedali , Abu Samah Bahaman , Bolong Jusang
Published: July 2016

There has been an increasing amount of research focus on the development of digital libraries, particularly on information seeking. A variety of information-seeking models used by library and information science (LIS) academics investigate the manner in which information is sought and transformed into knowledge, which should be taken into account during the design of digital libraries. However, in part this reflects the lack of knowledge about how these models explain user information seeking behaviors in a digital library environment. This chapter aims to address this lack of knowledge. It presents a set of information-seeking models that can be used by LIS scholars or experts to comprehend the dynamics of information seeking by users of digital libraries. The major role of this chapter is to provide a review of the existing “models” to date, and also to present a comparative analysis of the notable models that may contribute to ways of understanding the research on information seeking in digital libraries.
Demographics, Socio-Economic and Cognitive Skills as Barriers to Information Seeking in a Digital Library Environment
Authors: Yusuf Felicia , Owolabi Sola , Aregbesola Ayooluwa , Oguntayo Sunday , Okocha Foluke , Eyiolorunse Toluwani
Published: July 2016

The chapter considers the importance of demographic and socio-economic factors as well as cognitive skills to information seeking in a digital library environment. Demographic factors such as age and gender were considered. Younger adults were found to respond positively to the demands of information seeking in the digital environment while their older counterparts are still struggling to come to terms with the changes. In the same vein, studies have revealed that the value placed on technology by men and women varies. While men express high level of confidence in navigating the digital environment, women still suffer low self-confidence in doing same. Identified socio-economic factors that also constitute a barrier to information seeking in a digital environment include income level, level of education, non-availability of ICT infrastructures and epileptic power supply especially in Africa among others. Unwillingness to see one's needs as information needs, inability to articulate one's information needs, unawareness of information sources, low self-efficacy, poor search skills among others were identified as cognitive barriers to information seeking in the digital environment. Based on the findings of this chapter, the study recommends that for persons who are adjudged to be the older generation, it is imperative for them to acquire requisite ICT skills that will make it easier for them to navigate the digital environment. There is also a clarion call on African leaders to provide infrastructures that will enable ICT to thrive as the digital environment is fast replacing the hitherto traditional one.
Usability of Digital Resources
Authors: Upev Michael Terver , Beetseh Kwaghga , Idachaba Joy Asibi
Published: July 2016

The chapter basically examined usability of digital library resources in Francis Sulemanu Idachaba Library University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria. The population for the study comprised of the entire library staff of the Francis Sulemanu Idachaba Library University of Agriculture Makurdi. Sample for the study was 118 respondents drew from population of the library staff. Data was collected using structured question. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics; precisely arithmetic mean. Findings revealed that there are different types of library resources digitized in Francis Sulemanu Idachaba library. There are also criteria used for the selection of digitized library resources while there are challenges associated with the process of digitization of library resources of Francis Sulemanu Idachaba Library of University of Agriculture Makurdi. The chapter concluded that latest advancement in the field of information technology have compelled libraries to embrace automation because the facilities provided by automated libraries go far beyond the activities of traditional libraries. It was recommended that the library management should provide effective solution to the problems faced in the digitization unit by purchasing more equipment for the services such as digital camera, Photoshop software, a standby generating set, standardization on the supplied paper size and CD-ROMs, upgrading of the systems in other to meet the needs of modern day's technologies.
Role of Social Networking for Information Seeking in a Digital Library Environment
Authors: Adigun Ganiyu Ojo , Odunola Oluwole Akanmu , Sobalaje Adewale Joel
Published: July 2016

This chapter discusses how to use social networking tools for information seeking in a digital library environment. Social networking is an evolutionary development of online participation, where people of common interest communicate, share and contribute content on the social cyberspace. The role of social networking for information seeking in libraries, most especially digital library is still evolving and cannot be over-emphasized. There is the need for libraries to exploit the advantages presented by these new media in providing better services. Social networking tools enable librarians and other information professionals to communicate, network and share documents with many clients regardless of location, and at little or no expense and viz. The chapter looks at: information seeking / search process; digital libraries; social networking as a concept; relationship between web 2.0, library 2.0, social media and social networking; role of social networking in digital library environment; role of information professionals in using social networking; social media platforms in digital library environment; challenges and prospects of integrating social networking with digital libraries and ways to improve the use of social networking for information seeking and dissemination in the future.
Computational and Cognitive Approaches to Narratology from the Perspective of Narrative Generation
Authors: Ogata Takashi
Published: July 2016

This chapter surveys and discusses interdisciplinary approaches to primarily Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based computational narrative or story generation systems by way of introducing cognitive science, and narratology and related literary theories. The first part of this chapter provides a general description (from the perspective of the research framework of the author) and the second part presents processes, theories, designs, and implementations of narrative generation by the author. In particular, the first part includes an overview of narratology and the relevant literary theories, computational and cognitive theories and techniques related to narratology and narrative generation, and narrative generation systems. The second part presents, in relative detail, components that constitute a systematic study for narrative generation by the author and an integrated narrative generation system of all of the previous attempts.
Designing a Socially Open Narrative Generation System
Authors: Akimoto Taisuke , Ogata Takashi
Published: July 2016

The authors propose the design of a Socially Open Narrative Generation System (SONGS) that co-creates a collection of diverse narratives from a narrative generation program and people. This is a challenge of the social application of narrative generation technology used for vitalizing the social activity of producing and sharing narratives. The key idea is to connect and unify individual narrative productions by many agents, including a computer program and many humans, via a collection of narratives produced and accumulated by these agents. At the same time, SONGS is the practice of a computational approach to narratology as a model for the social process of narrative production. This chapter describes the key concepts and mechanism design of SONGS with several experimental programs.
Applying Digital Storytelling to Business Planning
Authors: Takeda Yoko
Published: July 2016

Digital storytelling for business planning has two different modes of perception, thinking, and communication: the narrative and the logical scientific. This chapter pointed out how the structure and the contents of the digital storytelling work influence its effectiveness through examination of works and the audience's evaluation of the works. Critical points regarding the structure of work were the consistency and the balance. The most important link was from a contrast between the initial situation and obstruction in the narrative part, to key success factors deriving in the analytical part. The link represents what is the problem that the storyteller found. Regarding the contents of work, familiarity to the audience—a story of “something like you”—is effective in understanding, persuasiveness and empathy of the story's message.
The Employment Status and Support Needs of Persons with Disabilities in Japan
Authors: Seino Kai , Haruna Yuichiro , Ishizaki Shun
Published: July 2016

This paper has two objectives: (1) to describe the significance and applicability of narratology, which features computational and cognitive approaches, in the field of interpersonal relationship supports for persons with disabilities, and (2) to determine effective work supports by analyzing the narratives of the persons with disabilities. In this chapter, the narratives were operationally defined as free-expression answers obtained from mail-survey questionnaires from people with various disabilities describing their work and work life. The questionnaires were sent to 14,448 people and, of these, 4,546 responded. The survey items included their employment status, problems they encountered before employment, problems in their working life, support required in their working life, and opinions regarding disability employment. The results suggested that employment status and problems at work depended on their disability type and the presence of effective supports.
Quantitative Research into Narrative
Authors: Tsuchiyama Gen
Published: July 2016

Stylometry is the application of quantitative analysis, primarily to written language, to identify variations in style. Statistical analysis of linguistic characteristics is applied to identify authorship, creation period, and creation order. This study involves stylometric research into “The Tale of Genji,” which is a Japanese classical literary work. “The Tale of Genji” is a long story consisting of 54 volumes. However, in the last 13 volumes, the content is different from that in the other volumes, and the writing quality differs from that of the previous 41 volumes; thus, it has long been theorized that the 13 volumes was written by a different author. The result of an analysis using the word frequency for auxiliary verbs found no evidence that positively support the theory of separate authorship. Therefore, the results indicate that the possibility that there are multiple authors of “The Tale of Genji” is low.
You Tell Me in Emojis
Authors: Gülşen Tüge T.
Published: July 2016

As communication is predominantly realized on digital platforms, both the language used and the way actors of communicative events create and perceive messages have changed and taken new forms and functions. Emoticons, which have been transformed into emojis, have become a new language phenomenon that promise new research areas in various fields from linguistics to media studies, cognitive science to narrative studies. This chapter aims at exploring how computer users have integrated emojis in their daily narrative practices not only as emotive devices but also as conceptual tools and create a new mode of language to communicate their stories on digital platforms.
Kabuki as Multiple Narrative Structures
Authors: Ogata Takashi
Published: July 2016

This chapter seeks to undertake a comprehensive survey and analysis of “kabuki” to aim to explore a narrative generation-reception and narrative production-consumption model of “kabuki” from the viewpoint of an information system, and in particular, a narrative generation system. A fundamental concept of the modeling is “multiplicity,” or multiple narrative structures. In addition, the author associates the model to the concept of the “Geino Information System: GIS,” representing a system model in which multiple narrative generation and production mechanisms or processes are included. This chapter also presents introductory knowledge on “kabuki”, including the history and basic terms, as background for the discussion.
Liposomes
Authors: Djekic Ljiljana
Published: July 2016

This chapter reviews the current progress in liposome based pharmaceuticals with particular emphasis on the carrier design, size, surface properties, drug delivery performances and therapeutic applications for different routes of administration. There were described selected examples of encapsulation of drug substances by liposomes which allowed improvement of therapeutic index of cytotoxic drugs (such as antineoplastics, antibiotics) or sustained drug release and reduction of the frequency of administration of analgesics and local anesthetics, and potentiate the immunogenicity of vaccines against hepatitis A and influenza. Furthermore, the performances of the marketed pharmaceuticals which represent pulmonary surfactant substituents (in the form of liposome vesicles) in premature infants and topical preparations with high molecular weight actives (e.g., heparin sodium) encapsulated in liposomes, were highlighted. The most important factors that affect the development of new drugs with this type of nanomaterials and their safety were commented.
Liposomes
Authors: Nagarsenker Mangal Shailesh , Marwah Megha Sunil
Published: July 2016

The science of liposomes has expanded in ambit from bench to clinic through industrial production in thirty years since the naissance of the concept. This chapter makes an attempt to bring to light the impregnable contributions of great researchers in the field of liposomology that has witnessed clinical success in the recent times. The journey which began in 1965 with the observations of Bangham and further advances made en route (targeting/stealthing of liposomes) along with alternative and potential liposome forming amphiphiles has been highlighted in this chapter. The authors have also summarised the conventional and novel industrially feasible methods used to formulate liposomes in addition to characterisation techniques which have been used to set up quality control standards for large scale production. Besides, the authors have provided with an overview of primary therapeutic and diagnostic applications and a brief insight into the in vivo behaviour of liposomes.
Non-Ionic Surfactant Vesicles (Niosomes) as New Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Pardakhty Abbas
Published: July 2016

Lipid vesicular systems composed of hydrated amphihiles with or without bilayer inducing agents such as cholesterol. On the basis of used amphiphilic molecule different nomenclature are used as liposomes, ufasomes and niosomes. Nonionic surfactants with mono-, di- or trialkyl chains form niosomes which are lipid vesicles with more chemical stability in comparison with phospholipids of liposomes. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic chemicals can be encapsulated in niosomes as a new drug delivery system. This drug carrier system could have administered via injection, oral, pulmonary, vaginal, rectal, ophthalmic, nasal or transdermal routes with penetration enhancing potential. This chapter presents a detailed explain about niosome forming components, methods of preparation and routes of administration. Many examples for drug delivery potential of niosomes are also available in this review. Vaccine adjuvant and genetic substances vector capabilities are not given here.
Vesicular Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Khulbe Preeti
Published: July 2016

Pharmacosomes are the colloidal dispersions of drugs covalently bound to lipids and may exist as ultrafine vesicular, micellar or hexagonal aggregates, depending on the chemical structure of the drug lipid complex. The term pharmacosomes is explicitly used to describe the zwitterion, amphiphilic stoichiometric complexes of polyphenolic compounds with phospholipids. The system is formed by linking a drug (pharmakon) to a carrier (soma), they are called pharmacosomes. Pharmacosomes can pass through biomembranes efficiently and possess advantages over the use of other vesicular systems such as transferosomes liposomes and noisome. Pharmacososmes are design to avoid the unusual problems associated with the liposomal entrapment of polar drug molecules like low drug incorporation, leakage and solubility. This chapter includes the basic introduction, applications, method of preparation, characterisation, advantages, some research experiences and future prospects of pharmacosomes.
Transfersomes and Protransfersome
Authors: Rane Bhushan Rajendra , Gujarathi Nayan Ashok
Published: July 2016

Vesicular system brings several possible advantages over conventional route of drug delivery system. Formulation of system to administered via transdermal is an attractive option because this route is suitable and safe. Transfersomes is one of vesicular system which possesses a single chain surfactant as it offers ultra deformation property which provides better penetration. Vesicles of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties can be formulated together and as a result can deliver drug molecules with wide range of solubility. Problems of drug leakage and low entrapment could be overcome in this system. Materials which are widely used in the formulation of it are various phospholipids, surfactants, alcohol, dye and buffering agent. These systems can deform up to 5 times lesser than its original size to pass through narrow constriction without showing drug leakage. These are more flexible and adjustable than that of liposomes thus can be used to carry drugs across the biological membrane, such as skin. It can act as a carrier for wide variety of drugs.
Smart Hydrogels for Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Ilić-Stojanović Snežana S. , Nikolić Ljubiša B. , Nikolić Vesna D. , Petrović Slobodan D.
Published: July 2016

The latest development in the field of smart hydrogels application as drugs carriers is shown in this chapter. Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer network consisting of at least one hydrophilic monomer. They are insoluble in water, but in the excess presence of water or physiological fluids, swell to the equilibrium state. The amount of absorbed water depends on the chemical composition and the crosslinking degree of 3D hydrogel network and reaches over 1000% of the xerogel weight. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels exhibit significant change of their properties (swelling, color, transparency, conductivity, shape) due to small changes in the external environment conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature, light wavelength, magnetic or electric fields, ultrasound, or a combination thereof). This smart hydrogels, with different physical and chemical properties, chemical structure and technology of obtaining, show great potential for application in the pharmaceutical industry. The application of smart hydrogels is very promising and at the beginning of the development and exploitation.
Application of Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery System
Authors: Singh Vijay Kumar , Keservani Raj K.
Published: July 2016

Small colloidal particles having their diameter in the range of 50 to 500nm are defined as Nanoparticles. These are usually prepared either by using biodegradable or non-biodegradable polymers and are usually classified in two broad categories: (1) Nanocapsules: a type of reservoir system in which an oil or aqueous core is surrounded by a polymeric membrane. (2) Nanospheres: a type of matrix system. Preparation of nanoparticle as a drug delivery system is one of the most widely accepted approach since the prepration of nanoparticle were easy and convenient to scale up. Their high stability and conveniently easy to freeze-dried their preparations provide some additional advantages to choose Nanoparticles as a good drug delivery system. Inspite of them Nanoparticles were were able to achieve with success tissue targeting of many drugs (antibiotics, cytostatics, peptides and proteins, nucleic acids, etc.).
High Temperature Proton Conductors - Fundamentals and Functionalities
Authors: Haugsrud Reidar
Published: July 2016

Oxides dissolve protons that become mobile at high temperatures resulting in proton conduction. Materials possessing this functional property find applications in environmentally friendly energy technologies and will as such become essential components in future sustainable energy production. This contribution presents the fundamentals and functionalities of oxides showing high temperature proton conduction. The working principles are addressed with basis in the thermodynamics of proton dissolution and the mechanisms for proton mobility. Effects of grain boundaries and trapping on proton transport are outlined. Several oxide families possessing proton conduction at high temperatures are reviewed. Finally some of the potential applications for these materials and the status of the technologies are briefly discussed with bases in the benchmark oxides and assemblies.
Self-Diffusion of the Constituent Elements in Alpha-Alumina, Mullite and Aluminosilicate Glasses
Authors: Fielitz P. , Borchardt Günter
Published: July 2016

Aluminium is a key element in geological and man-made materials which has only one stable isotope and no radionuclides with half-life times suitable for standard experimental diffusion studies. Here we report on our method using the radioisotope 26Al (t1/2 = 7.4×105 a) as a quasi-stable tracer for aluminium in combination with SIMS depth profiling. First, our data for the aluminium bulk diffusivity in a-alumina are discussed jointly with published oxygen bulk diffusion coefficients. They clearly show that the relation DAl>>D0 is valid in the temperature range 1200 °C ≤ T ≤ 1800 °C. In an analogous manner, the two rare stable isotopes 18O and 30Si are used together with 26Al in diffusion studies of generic examples of materials which either consist of aluminium, silicon and oxygen only, or where these three elements are key constituents of the structure. For the crystalline aluminium silicate mullite our diffusivity data for aluminium, oxygen and silicon are used to explain the kinetics of the solid state formation reaction of mullite and the segregation kinetics of alumina from mullite. Finally, the diffusivities of oxygen and aluminium in model aluminosilicate glasses are presented as a function of temperature for different Al3+/Na+ ratios. For the aluminium silicate mullite and for the aluminosilicate glasses the relation D0>DAl>DSi is valid regardless of the exact composition. For the glass system the activation enthalpies of aluminium and oxygen diffusion decrease with decreasing Al3+/Na+ ratio.
Lithium-Cobalt Glass for Sapphire
Authors: Chomsaeng Natthaphol , Sukcharoen Suphawadee , Meechoowas Ekarat
Published: July 2016

Sapphire was improved by filling lithium-cobalt glass. Cobalt concentration in lithium glass is 0.1-2 wt%. The sapphires with glass were heated by an electric furnace at 1100 °C for 1-5 hours. Physical properties of the stone before and after treatment were investigated by measuring refractive index and specific gravity. Stones were investigated the inclusion and fissure by a gem microscope. Reflectance spectrum was analyzed by UV-visible spectrophotometer and color changes were referenced by CIEL*a*b* system. Fluorescence was examined with a UV Lamp. Experimental results of heated sapphire treatment with lithium-cobalt glass found that the refractive index (RI) decreased from 1.76 - 1.77 to 1.53 - 1.55 and the specific gravity (SG) decreased from 3.95 - 4.00 to 3.37 – 3.40. Cause of these results is that the refractive index and specific gravity of lithium-cobalt glass are lower than of sapphires. The cobalt in glass filled in fissure of sapphires is cause of blue color appeared in crack. The orange-red fluorescence appeared in both short wave and long wave of UV. For analysis of trace elements by the UV-visible spectrophotometer range 300-800 nm, cobalt peak appeared at wavelength 530 nm while iron peak and another peak of improved sapphire in all conditions were found at wavelength 488 nm and 750 nm, respectively. The height of peak at 750 nm depended on the amount of cobalt. The color of improved sapphire was closed to blue color when compared with sapphire before improvement.
Enhancement of Afterglow Luminescence of Long-Lasting Phosphor-Glass Composite by Using Refractive Index Matched Glass
Authors: Yamashita Masaru , Imamura Toshinori , Matsumoto Sachiko , Murakami Masaki , Hongo Toshiaki , Akai Tomoko , Iwamoto Yasunori
Published: July 2016

Composites of a long-lasting phosphor, SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy, and glass were prepared by sintering the phosphor and glass powder. To enhance the afterglow luminescence, a borosilicate glass composition was chosen so that the refractive index of the glass matched that of the phosphor. Additional components with a high refractive index, such as La2O3 and Nb2O5, were added to the glass to increase the overall refractive index. As they tend to induce crystallization during sintering, small amounts of at least three types of such components were added to the glass to prevent crystallization. The surface of the composite was observed by a digital microscope with dark-field lighting. The phosphor particles became almost transparent because of the refractive-index matching, although bubbles were observed inside the phosphor particles. The afterglow luminance was, however, almost the same and the transmittance of the composite was not high because of many voids when compared to as that of the sample using the glass with a lower refractive index. The sample prepared under vacuum showed coloration and similar afterglow luminance even though the number of voids inside the composite decreased. To suppress the coloration, the amount of tin in the glass was increased, after which higher transparency and afterglow luminance were obtained. A 4-mm-thick sample showed a luminance of 118 mcd∙m-2 60 min after irradiation by a D65 lamp with 200 lx for 20 min.
The Studies of Contamination from Glass Containers under Various Conditions
Authors: Naknikham Usuma , Khunhon Sorada , Inmeekul Jariya , Jitwatcharakomol Tepiwan
Published: July 2016

The corrosion on glass surfaces causing contamination in the aqueous solutions depend on pH and temperature. This research aims to study the elements leached from the inner glass surfaces that were treated and untreated to aqueous solution. The clear and amber bottles used as the samples were determined the chemical composition by XRF. The samples were treated with 2%, 3% and 5% alum solutions and the hydrolytic resistance test was performed according to ISO 4802-1. The results showed that bottles treated with 3% alum solution gave the most suitable condition to improve the hydrolytic resistance. The treated and untreated bottles were filled with 2% citric acid solution, RO water, and 0.9% sodium chloride solution and kept at 20 and 40°C for 0.125, 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 120 days. The pH values of all solutions after ageing were measured and the leached elements – Na, Ca, Al, Cr, Mn, and Pb – in RO water and citric solution were analyzed by AAS. There was significant increase of pH with time at 40°C within 10 days before it had slightly rose to nearly 9.7 of both treated and untreated bottles. However, samples filled with citric solution shows no change in pH value. Na leached from the untreated samples which showed the highest concentration at 2.3 ppm from clear glass and 4 ppm from amber glass respectively. Other elements were not found.
Research and Development Project on the Domestic Raw Materials of Enamel for Jewelry Production
Authors: Prapitpongwanich Pattamaporn
Published: July 2016

The project aims to produce quality enamel colors from locally available materials in order to reduce costs. In the course of the research, information is collected on imported enamel colors and a study is carried out on chemical compositions and quality of the colors. At the same time, there is a study on local materials which can potentially be used to produce enamel colors, starting from basic colors such as red, blue and green. The study has found that the imported enamel colors qualify as lead glass because it contains 23-28% of lead. The study has also found that red enamel (transparent) blue enamel (transparent), blue enamel (opaque), green enamel (transparent), and green enamel (opaque) have similar level of density and hardness. Red enamel (opaque) has lower level of density and hardness due to its porosity which can be observed with naked eyes. The COE level is similar for all of the tested colors because their chemical compositions are similar. The study produces quality blue and green enamel at much lower cost. Colors of the enamel are achieved by adding different metal oxide. The color blue (translucent and opaque) is from adding cobalt (Co). Chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt and copper (Cu) together produces translucent dark green, while chromium and copper (without cobalt) produces opaque as lighter green. However, it has not been able to produce red enamel yet but has requested for samples from another research project “Developing New Technology to Produce Jewelry from Synthesized Red Crystal” for further study.Keywords: Enamel; Jewelry; Glass; Local Raw Materials
Effect of Heat Treatment Time on Properties of Mica-Based Glass-Ceramics for Restorative Dental Materials
Authors: Srichumpong Thapanee , Suputtamongkol Kallaya , Chinpanuwat Warat , Nampachoke Pronbadin , Bai Jia , Angkulpipat Sukanda , Prasertwong Sahadsaya , Chaysuwan Duangrudee
Published: July 2016

The objective of this research is to focus improving the properties of machinable mica-based glass-ceramics in order for restorative dental materials. The glass-ceramics derived from the SiO2- Al2O3-MgO-MgF2-SrCO3-CaCO3-CaF2-P2O5 system were produced by a two-stage heat treatment. It was elucidated that the optimum nucleation and the crystallization temperatures were at 643°C and 892°C. The various heat treatment times in the first stage were applied as 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, on the optimum nucleation temperature to produce mica-based glass-ceramics. XRD results showed that specimens of variety of nucleation time had similar crystalline structures such as calcium-mica, fluorapatite, stishovite, anorthite, strontiumapatite and forsterite phases. The microstructures of glass-ceramics were observed by SEM basically as interlocked plate-like and needle-like microstructures of mica and fluorapatite, respectively, in all specimens. Furthermore, different heat treatment times influenced on the revealed crystal size of the glass-ceramics; the longer heat treatment, the smaller crystals. The resultant glass-ceramics gave the results of biaxial flexural strength (178-224 MPa) and Vickers hardness (295-393 HV) increasing with the formation of the interconnected mica phases which contributed to improve the machinability. The values of the properties were comparable to those of human enamel and suitable for some restorative dental applications.
Investigated on Photoluminescence Properties of Sm3+ Ions in Gadolinium Calcium Phosphate Glasses
Authors: Meejitpaisan Piyachat , Kedkaew Chittra , Ruangtaweep Yotsakit , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: July 2016

Sm3+-doped gadolinium calcium phosphate glasses of the composition (70-x)P2O5 : 10CaO : 20Gd2O3 : xSm2O3 (PCGSm), where x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50 and 3.00 mol% have been prepared by melt-quenching technique and investigated their photoluminescence properties. The emission spectra of Eu3+-doped glasses recorded in wavelength range 500-750 nm with 402 nm excitation. All the spectra exhibited 4 emission bands corresponding to the 4G5/2→6H5/2, 4G5/2→6H7/2, 4G5/2→6H9/2 and 4G5/2→6H11/2 transition, respectively. The peak intensities increase with the increase of concentration from 0.05 to 0.5 mol% and beyond that the quenching in the emission peak intensities have been observed.
Optical Properties and White Emission from Dy3+ Doped in Y2O3-CaO-SiO2-B2O3 Glasses
Authors: Chanthima Natthakridta , Ruangtaweep Yotsakit , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: July 2016

The Dy3+ doped Y2O3-CaO-SiO2-B2O3 glasses with molar composition 25Y2O3 : 10CaO : 10SiO2 : (55-x)B2O3, where x is 0.0 to 0.5 mol%, have been prepared by melt quenching method and are characterized through absorption, photoluminescence and decay analysis. From the luminescent spectra, observed a strong yellow and blue emission from 4F9/2→ 6H13/2 (575 nm) and 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 (482 nm) transition of Dy3+ ions respectively. The tunable white light emission at different excitation wavelengths are investigated through CIE 1931 diagram. The decay curves show the decreasing of lifetimes when addition of Dy2O3 concentration.
In Vitro Bioactivity and Physical-Mechanical Properties of HA Based 45S5 Bio-Composites
Authors: Prasad Sunil , Vyas Vikas Kr , Ershad Md , Pyare Ram
Published: July 2016

Bio-glass® and hydroxyapatite (Ca10 (PO4)6(OH) 2, HA) has been widely used as a bone replacement material in restorative dental and orthopedic implants. In order to analyze in vitro bioactivity bio-composite before and after exposed to simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time periods were investigated by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflectance spectrometer with measuring the pH and concentration of silicon, sodium, calcium, phosphorus and manganese ions in SBF solution. The prepared bio-composites were assessed by XRD, FTIR, mechanical properties. FTIR confirmed the presence of a rich bone like apatite layer post-immersion on the composite surface. It has been found that the new BG/HA bio-composite materials have high bioactivity properties. These bio-composite materials are promising for medical applications such as bone substitutes.
Tracheal agenesis
Authors: Desai AV , Rao Sudha , Shanbhag PR , Rupani M
Published: July 2016

Tracheal agenesis is an extremely rare congenital anomaly involving the respiratory system. It is generally associated with anomalies of other systems. Antenatal diagnosis of this condition is difficult; therefore, it presents as a medical emergency in the labor room. Intubation in these babies is difficult. As many of these babies are born prematurely, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) adds to the management difficulties. Here, we describe two babies with this lethal anomaly and RDS where esophageal intubation and surfactant therapy proved beneficial. Furthermore, described are other associated anomalies.
“Converting a bi-jaw surgery to a single-jaw surgery:” Posterior maxillary dentoalveolar intrusion with microimplants to avoid the need of a maxillary surgery in the surgical management of skeletal Class III vertical malocclusion
Authors: Ghosh Abhisek , Ray Amit
Published: July 2016

The management of a vertical skeletal Class III malocclusion with mandibular prognathism revolves around the protocol of bi-jaw surgery (maxillary LeFort I impaction and mandibular bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with setback). The maxillary surgery not only provides increased stability to the ultimate surgical outcome but also increases the amount by which the mandibular set back can be done, therefore aiding in greater profile improvement. With the need of maxillary surgery almost inevitable in treating such situations, the complexity and the increased discomfort associated with such surgery can never be ignored. Is it at all possible to convert a bi-jaw surgery into a single-jaw surgery with the aid of microimplants? With increasing number of patients being treated with microimplants for anterior openbite and gummy smiles, our idea was to incorporate this novel protocol in treating Class III vertical situations and therefore avoid the need of a maxillary surgery in treating such a situation, together with achieving optimum treatment outcome.
Modified Baer-Nunziato Model for the Simulation of Interfaces Between Compressible Fluids
Authors: Wu Qiang , Lu Xian-Guo , Mao De-Kang
Published: July 2016

In this paper we proposed a modified Baer-Nunziato model for compressible multi-fluid flows, with main attention on the energy exchange between the two fluids. The proposed model consists of eleven PDEs; however, the use of the particular phase evolving variables may reduce the model to have only six PDEs. The main advantage of the model is that the Abgrall's UPV criterion on mixture velocity and pressure is satisfied without affecting either its hyperbolicity or its conservations of the two individual masses, momentum or total energy. An Lax-Friedrichs scheme is built for a particular case of the proposedmodel. When the two fluids in the fluid mixture are both of the linear Mie-Gruneisen type, the scheme satisfies the Abgrall's UPV criterion on mixture velocity and pressure. Numerical experiments with polytropic, barotropic, stiffened and van der Waals fluids show that the scheme is efficient and able to treat fluids characterized with quite different thermodynamics.
A Comparison of Semi-Lagrangian and Lagrange-Galerkin hp-FEM Methods in Convection-Diffusion Problems
Authors: Sastre Pedro Galán del , Bermejo Rodolfo
Published: July 2016

We perform a comparison in terms of accuracy and CPU time between second order BDF semi-Lagrangian and Lagrange-Galerkin schemes in combination with high order finite element method. The numerical results show that for polynomials of degree 2 semi-Lagrangian schemes are faster than Lagrange-Galerkin schemes for the same number of degrees of freedom, however, for the same level of accuracy both methods are about the same in terms of CPU time. For polynomials of degree larger than 2, Lagrange-Galerkin schemes behave better than semi-Lagrangian schemes in terms of both accuracy and CPU time; specially, for polynomials of degree 8 or larger. Also, we have performed tests on the parallelization of these schemes and the speedup obtained is quasi-optimal even with more than 100 processors.
Between Algorithm and Model: Different Molecular Surface Definitions for the Poisson-Boltzmann Based Electrostatic Characterization of Biomolecules in Solution
Authors: Decherchi Sergio , Colmenares Jose , Catalano Chiara Eva , Spagnuolo Michela , Alexov Emil , Rocchia Walter
Published: July 2016

The definition of a molecular surface which is physically sound and computationally efficient is a very interesting and long standing problem in the implicit solvent continuum modeling of biomolecular systems as well as in the molecular graphics field. In this work, two molecular surfaces are evaluated with respect to their suitability for electrostatic computation as alternatives to the widely used Connolly-Richards surface: the blobby surface, an implicit Gaussian atom centered surface, and the skin surface. As figures of merit, we considered surface differentiability and surface area continuity with respect to atom positions, and the agreement with explicit solvent simulations. Geometric analysis seems to privilege the skin to the blobby surface, and points to an unexpected relationship between the non connectedness of the surface, caused by interstices in the solute volume, and the surface area dependence on atomic centers. In order to assess the ability to reproduce explicit solvent results, specific software tools have been developed to enable the use of the skin surface in Poisson-Boltzmann calculations with the DelPhi solver. The results indicate that the skin and Connolly surfaces have a comparable performance from this last point of view.
A Multi-Domain Hybrid DG and WENO Method for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws on Hybrid Meshes
Authors: Cheng Jian , Liu Tiegang
Published: July 2016

In [SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 35(2)(2013), A1049-A1072], a class of multi-domain hybrid DG and WENO methods for conservation laws was introduced. Recent applications of this method showed that numerical instability may encounter if the DG flux with Lagrangian interpolation is applied as the interface flux during the moment of conservative coupling. In this continuation paper, we present a more robust approach in the construction of DG flux at the coupling interface by using WENO procedures of reconstruction. Based on this approach, such numerical instability is overcome very well. In addition, the procedure of coupling a DG method with a WENO-FD scheme on hybrid meshes is disclosed in detail. Typical testing cases are employed to demonstrate the accuracy of this approach and the stability under the flexibility of using either WENO-FD flux or DG flux at the moment of requiring conservative coupling.