bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceived Stress Levels of Medical Students and Methods of Coping with Stress at Online Exam
Authors: ÖZTÜRK KAYGUSUZ Türkkan
Published: December 2022

Aim: Exams are one of the most important factors that increase the stress level of medical school students. The aim of this study is to investigate the perceived stress levels of preclinical medical school students and their methods of coping with stress before and after the online theoretical exam that will be held for the first time.Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study is 377 (67,2%), I.-III. grade Medical Faculty students. The questionnaire includes 10 questions about socio-demographic information, and the questions are related to students’ thoughts on online exams in medical education and the problems which they experienced in the online practice exam. Moreover, "Perceived Stress Scale" and "Coping Stress Styles Scale" were used to collect data from medical students. The link of the questionnaire prepared through the digital form was sent to all students, and the data were collected in the digital environment. Participants' pre- and post-exam data were matched over their school numbers.Results: It was found that 97.9% of the students experienced stress before the exam, and 99.8% of them experienced the same feelings varying from mild to severe after the exam. Before the exam, the median of the "Perceived Stress Scale” (PSS) score was 30 (min. 5- max.56) and the median of the "Coping Stress Styles Scale” (CSSS) score was 74 (min.43- max.120). It was found that the students used the problem-oriented / effective coping methods. It was observed that there was a significant negative correlation between the "PSS” score and problem-oriented/effective coping methods (r=- 0.447, p<0.01), and a positive correlation between emotional/ineffective coping methods (r= 0.361, p<0.01) and also, 62.1% of the students think that it will be appropriate to conduct the theoretical exams online in medical education. The PSS score was significantly higher for female students, and for those who did not follow distance education regularly, and for those who found online exams suitable in medical education, and for those who said that being able to communicate with the exam coordinator during the exam did not give them confidence. Students reported that they encountered the most system-related technical problems during the online exam.Conclusions: The perceived stress level of medical school students who experienced the summative type online exam for the first time was found to be high before and after the exam. Online exam methods will be a field that is frequently applied and developed in the coming years. For this reason, there is a need for more studies in which the factors that cause stress in medical students during online exams are determined.
Daha Gerçekçi Bir Tıp Eğitimi Mümkün: Türkiye İçin Yeni Bir Model
Authors: ŞAHİNÖZ Turgut , ŞAHİNÖZ Saime
Published: December 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki mevcut hekim sayısı ve çeşitliliği ile ilgili sorunları analiz ederek ihtiyaçlara yönelik hekim yetiştirebilmek maksadıyla tıp eğitimindeki stratejik hedeflerin yeniden tartışılmasını sağlamak ve ülke ihtiyaçlarına yönelik yeni bir tıp eğitim modeli ortaya koymak amacıyla planlanmıştır.Yöntem: Bu çalışma, tanımlayıcı tipte metodolojik bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın verileri literatür taraması, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı istatistik yıllıkları, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ve Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu verilerinden elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, tablolaştırılarak gruplar halinde sunulmuştur. Önerilen yeni tıp eğitimi modeli şemalaştırılarak sunulmuştur.Bulgular: Ülkemizde 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında tıp fakültelerine 19.151 öğrenci kayıt yaptırmıştır ve 103.170 öğrenci eğitimine devam etmektedir. Uzmanlık eğitimine yönelme, birinci basamakta hekim (özellikle aile hekimi ve işyeri hekimi) açığını da artırmaktadır. Türkiye’de 2020 yılı itibariyle 49.760’ı pratisyen, 88.127’si uzman ve 33.372’si asistan hekim olmak üzere toplam 171.259 hekim bulunmaktadır. Son 11 yıllık süre içerisinde hekim sayısı yaklaşık %40 oranında artmıştır. Ancak bu artışta asistan hekimlerin sayısı pratisyen hekimlere oranla yaklaşık 2 kat daha fazla artmıştır. Pratisyen hekim sayısı bazı yıllarda artmak bir yana azalmıştır. Uzman hekim sayımız giderek artarken birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerini sunacak olan hekim sayısı yeterli değildir. Tıp eğitimi 6 bölüm (aile hekimliği, toplum hekimliği, dahili tıp, cerrahi tıp, acil tıp, temel tıp) halinde sürdürülmeli, 4 yıllık lisans eğitiminin üzerine 2 yıl uygulamalı eğitim (yüksek lisans) ile her bölümde etkin ve yetkin hekim yetiştirilmelidir. Ayrıca lisans eğitimini tamamlamış olanlara “hekim yardımcısı” unvanı verilerek alanında hem aktif olarak çalışmalı (ücretli-kadrolu) hem de eğitimine devam etmelidir. Böylece hem hizmet üretimi sağlanırken hem de usta-çırak yöntemi ile daha etkin bir uygulama eğitimi gerçekleştirilmiş olacaktır. Bu hekimler isterlerse, kendi alanlarında uzmanlık eğitimi alıp uzman hekim olabilirler. Bu şekildeki uzmanlık eğitimi daha kısa sürede ve daha etkili şekilde yapılabilecektir.Sonuç: Tıp eğitimi, tek bölüm halinde sadece pratisyen hekim yetiştirmeye odaklandıkça hekim ihtiyacı karşılanamayacağı gibi her yıl giderek artacaktır. Bu nedenle; Tıp eğitimi 6 bölüm halinde verilmeli ve bu bölümlerin kontenjanları her üniversitenin öğrenci yetiştirme kapasitesine göre ayrı ayrı belirlenmelidir. Tıp eğitimindeki bu değişimi önceden gören ve uygulayan ülkeler diğerlerinden önde olacaklardır. Bölümler halinde yapılacak tıp eğitimi sonucunda hekim yardımcısı, hekim ve uzman hekim şeklinde bir hiyerarşik yapıyla daha verimli ve kaliteli bir hizmet sunmak mümkün olacaktır.
Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Akademik Mükemmeliyetçilik ve Bilişsel Esneklik Düzeyleri
Authors: TEKİN Murat
Published: December 2022

Amaç: Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin akademik mükemmeliyetçilik ve bilişsel esneklik düzeylerini incelemektir. Ek olarak akademik mükemmeliyetçilik ve bilişsel esneklik düzeyi ilişkisi de incelenmiştir.Yöntem: Bu araştırma Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesinde 2021-2022 Eğitim Yılında öğrenim gören tıp fakültesi öğrencileriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya 414 öğrenci katılmıştır. Veriler akademik mükemmeliyetçilik ölçeği ve bilişsel esneklik ölçeği ile elde edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin akademik mükemmeliyetçilik ve bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, ortanca, minimum ve maksimum değerleri gibi betimleyici istatistikler ile özetlenmiştir. Uygun istatistiksel analizler yapılarak öğrencilerin akademik mükemmeliyetçilik ve bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Öğrencilerin cinsiyeti, öğrenim gördükleri dönemlere göre karşılaştırma analizleri iki faktörlü ANOVA (faktöriyel ANOVA) testi ile yapılmıştır. Anlamlı farklılıkları belirlemek amacıyla Bonferroni çoklu karşılaştırma testi uygulanmıştır.Bulgular: Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin akademik mükemmeliyetçilik düzeylerinin orta düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri yüksektir. Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri ile akademik mükemmeliyetçilik düzeyleri arasında anlamlı, düşük düzeyde ve negatif ilişki belirlenmiştir. Kadın öğrencilerin akademik mükemmeliyetçilik puan ortalamaları erkek öğrencilerden yüksektir. Dönem 5 öğrencilerinin akademik mükemmeliyetçilik puan ortalamaları dönem 2, 3 ve 4 öğrencilerinden düşüktür. Erkek öğrencilerin bilişsel esneklik puan ortalamaları kadın öğrencilerden yüksektir. Dönem 5 öğrencilerinin bilişsel esneklik puan ortalamaları dönem 1, 3 ve 4 öğrencilerinden düşüktür. Dönem 2 öğrencilerinin bilişsel esneklik puan ortalamaları dönem 4 öğrencilerinden düşüktür.Sonuç: Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin akademik mükemmeliyetçilik düzeyleri orta düzeydedir. Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin bilişsel esneklik düzeyi yüksektir. Tıp fakültesi kadın öğrencileri erkek öğrencilerden daha mükemmeliyetçi, fakat erkekler kadınlardan daha yüksek bilişsel esneklikte belirlenmiştir. Sınıf düzeyinin artışı bilişsel esnekliği azaltabilmektedir.
Comparison of Online Education and Face-to-face Education in terms of Student Satisfaction in Physiology Education
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Hasan
Published: December 2022

Aim: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a rapidly spreading pandemic all over the World. Social isolation is the most effective prevention option after vaccination. Many habits have changed in our lives due to social isolation during the pandemic. In terms of education, globally, the traditional education system has turned into an online education system. Physiology is a compulsory course that has an important place in health education and is a fundamental science for understanding pathophysiology, health assessment, and pharmacology. With the transition to the online education system, it is necessary to determine the effectiveness of physiology education. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of online education and face-to-face education on students in physiology education and to measure students' satisfaction.Methods: The research was conducted with 916 students studying at 29 universities in different provinces of Türkiye through an online survey. This survey was self-designed based on a 3-point Likert scale. The survey was applied to 50 students and the questions in the form were finalized according to the answers received. The answers given were grouped under the four titles of Demographic Information, Educational Information, Access to Online Education and Perspective on Online Education in Physiology. The obtained data were interpreted by being subjected to statistical analysis.Results: In the comparison of online education and face-to-face education, the preferences of the students have been face-to-face education. The number of students who consider online education sufficient in understanding physiology lessons, in general, are few (n=242, 26.4%), those who see it incompletely are more (n=367, 40.1%), while 1/3 gave neutral views (n=307, 33.5%). The majority of participants have the opinion that "face-to-face education is more effective in terms of increasing knowledge in physiology education compared to online education" and “It is more difficult for me to focus on physiology courses during online education compared to face-to-face education”.Conclusions: The perceived stress level of medical school students who experienced the summative type online exam for the first time was found to be high before and after the exam. Online exam methods will be a field that is frequently applied and developed in the coming years. For this reason, there is a need for more studies in which the factors that cause stress in medical students during online exams are determined.
Etyczne dylematy języka polityki – wybrane przykłady mowy nienawiści
Authors: Braniewicz Oktawia E. , Zaorski-Sikora Łukasz
Published: December 2022

Mowa nienawiści jest zjawiskiem powszechnie występującym w języku współczesnej polityki i sferze życia publicznego. Choć samo zjawisko mowy nienawiści nie powinno budzić żadnych wątpliwości odnośnie do jego nagannej oceny, to jednak łączy się z dylematami etycznymi – mowa nienawiści może jawić się jako narzędzie użyte w słusznej sprawie czy też jako działanie zasadnie piętnujące niekwestionowalne zło. Jednocześnie przyzwolenie na mowę nienawiści prowadzi do relatywizacji dobra i zła – jest tożsame z akceptacją „mniejszego zła”. Autorzy artykułu konkludują, że ustawodawstwo europejskie powinno położyć większy nacisk na stworzenie spójnej definicji mowy nienawiści, która byłaby tożsama dla wszystkich państw członkowskich UE, oraz penalizację tego zjawiska. W ślad za prawem europejskim prawo krajowe powinno odpowiadać na wyzwania współczesności. Niewątpliwie jednym z nich jest wszechobecność języka nienawiści w debacie publicznej.
Uwaga! Artykuł został opublikowany w dwóch wersjach językowych. Podstawą do cytowań jest wersja polska.
Realizacja zasady nullum crimen sine lege za popełnione delikty administracyjne z zakresu prawa bankowego w Polsce i w Niemczech
Authors: Stawińska-Artecka Weronika
Published: December 2022

Naczelną zasadą prawa penalnego o fundamentalnym znaczeniu dla praw człowieka jest zasada legalizmu – nullum crimen sine lege, która oznacza, że nie ma czynu zabronionego bez dokładnego określenia go w akcie prawnym. W sytuacji, gdy omawiana zasada jest realizowana, każdy człowiek może być pewien, że zostanie mu wymierzona kara tylko za zachowanie ściśle oznaczone w akcie prawnym oraz w granicach przewidzianych prawem. Omawianą zasadę stosuje się również do czynów stanowiących delikty administracyjne. W ich przypadku przestrzeganie przedmiotowej zasady jest szczególnie ważne, grożące kary pieniężne liczone są bowiem w milionach złotych, jak chociażby w przypadku prawa bankowego, a ustawodawca wciąż rozszerza katalog aktów prawnych, w których wprowadzana jest ta kategoria czynów2. W Polsce i w Niemczech model odpowiedzialności za delikty administracyjne jest ukształtowany odmiennie, a w obu państwach widoczny jest wzrost liczby przepisów wprowadzających ten rodzaj odpowiedzialności. Powyższe uwidacznia nowe wyzwanie, aby dokonać weryfikacji, czy osobom zainteresowanym gwarantowana jest zasada nullum crimen sine lege.
Definicja i dylematy współczesnej tolerancji
Authors: Błaszczyk Nina
Published: December 2022

Artykuł podejmuje temat rozumienia tolerancji i postaw społecznych wobec zjawisk uznawanych za „inne” lub „obce”. Próba zdefiniowania terminu oraz zasygnalizowania nieścisłości w jego interpretacji została przeprowadzona na przykładzie wybranych problemów współczesnego społeczeństwa. Poddano analizie podziały dotyczące między innymi sytuacji mniejszości seksualnych, Kościoła katolickiego oraz pandemii koronawirusa. Głównym celem artykułu jest zachęcenie do podjęcia krytycznej autorefleksji i propagowanie właściwych postaw tolerancyjnych. Zauważono bowiem, że samo manifestowanie poglądów przy pomocy haseł nie jest jeszcze równoznaczne z aktywnym działaniem. Zwiększenie świadomości społecznej na ten temat może przyczynić się do budowania empatycznego i życzliwego porozumienia, a także rozważnego dialogu ponad podziałami. Każdy człowiek niezależnie od głoszonych poglądów, pochodzenia czy wyznania zasługuje na szacunek i akceptację.
Éducation environnementale et enculturation
Authors: KOUSSE Kizito Tioro
Published: December 2022

Pour qu’une pratique idéale, un comportement moral puissent se développer et se maintenir dans le temps, il faut aller à la base de la socialisation de l’homme. Le comportement écocitoyen n’échappe pas à cette règle. L’éducation en matière d’environnement découle de la nécessité d’intégrer la bonne gérance des ressources naturelles, de la qualité du climat dans les modes de vie et des politiques publiques de transformations sociales et techniques. L’éducation environnementale sous-tend des politiques éducatives dans tous les secteurs des préoccupations environnementales : la famille, l’école, les universités, l’alphabétisation, l’Etat, la société civile, les organisations non gouvernementales, les institutions nationales et internationales. L’objectif vise à sensibiliser afin de matérialiser les engagements des citoyens, des apprenants dans les écoles et les universités en matière de sauvegarde de l’environnement. Il s’agit de consolider dans l’esprit des apprenants que l’environnement fait partie intégrante de la vie sociale, et que, c’est en raison de cela que sa sauvegarde doit prendre en compte les générations futures. La promotion de l’éducation environnementale dans tous les ordres d’enseignement et de l’éducation est l’assise d’une éthique environnementale, socle de l’écocitoyenneté. La promotion de l’éducation écocitoyenne devra privilégier le renforcement des capacités des différents apprenants afin de leur permettre de mieux faire face aux enjeux actuels et futurs des préoccupations environnementales. L’enculturation revient alors à promouvoir l’information, l’éducation environnementale et l’écocitoyenneté en lien avec les valeurs culturelles, dans le but de permettre l’émergence de comportements éco-éthiques de grande envergure dans la quotidienneté des hommes et des femmes.
La inmigración desde los ojos de un niño
Authors: Vázquez González Leonor
Published: December 2022

La reciente novela Solito, del escritor salvadoreño Javier Zamora, ha sido de recibida manera favorable en el mundo angloparlante. Esta recepción puede deberse a que dicha novela constituye un testimonio de una de las experiencias que han interpelado con mayor fuerza a la sociedad estadounidense y mundial: la crisis de los pequeños que viajaban solos o eran separados de sus padres por la administración de Donald Trump y que, a menudo, eran enjaulados en abyectas condiciones. Adoptando una narración en primera persona, la novela expone las tristes y peligrosas circunstancias en las que se desenvuelve la vida de los pequeños que son tratados de manera indignante por las autoridades migratorias de los Estados Unidos. Muestra el lado humano, concreto, de ese viaje a lo desconocido, enseñando tanto los peligros como las experiencias humanas que conlleva tal travesía. A pesar de los aspectos traumáticos, esta obra revela que es posible construir lazos de solidaridad, aun en los momentos más peligrosos de un recorrido que ya ha cobrado muchas víctimas. En este sentido, se constituye en una nueva expresión literaria de la experiencia migrante, especialmente la de los centroamericanos, en su mayoría salvadoreños, hondureños y guatemaltecos. El artículo analiza el irreductible contenido traumático de dicha experiencia y, por otro, evidencia que la esperanza todavía florece en condiciones adversas y peligrosa. Las reflexiones finales muestran el significado de dicha obra en el contexto de la inobservancia de los derechos humanos que caracteriza a nuestra época.
„Von Angesicht zu Angesicht“
Authors: Leja Kevin , Schwarzenbacher Iris
Published: December 2022

In der Freundschaftsforschung wird die Freundschaft zwischen Mädchen und die dort praktizierte Intimität häufig als Idealtypus betrachtet. Zwar gibt es mittlerweile einige Veröffentlichungen zu Freundschaften zwischen Jungen, die Analyse von Fürsorglichkeit bleibt dabei allerdings meist auf den Verweis auf fehlende Intimität beschränkt und stellt folglich ein Desiderat dar. Dieser Artikel macht mit Rückgriff auf Konzepte der feministischen Care-Ethik Fürsorge in Freundschaften zwischen Jungen sichtbar und reflektiert mithilfe der Ergebnisse aus einer tiefenhermeneutischen Einzelfallanalyse den bisherigen Forschungsstand. Empirisch wird deutlich, dass eine breite Palette an Fürsorgepraktiken in Freundschaften zwischen männlichen Jugendlichen zu finden ist. Dem durch männlichkeitstheoretische Forschung entstehenden Eindruck, Jungen würden kaum Sorge für sich und andere tragen, wird somit empirisch gestützt entgegnet. Gleichzeitig zeigt sich, dass Männlichkeitsanforderungen ein Fürsorgehindernis in Freundschaften darstellen können. Diesem Spannungsverhältnis wird in vorliegendem Artikel auf den Grund gegangen.
Optical characteristics of the thermosphere and mesosphere
Authors: Б.М. Шевцов, , А.C. Пережогин, , И.Н. Середкин,
Published: December 2022

Используя лидарные сигналы на длинах волн 561 и 532 нм в диапазоне высот 30-400 км, путем решения обратной задачи восстанавливаем коэффициенты рассеяния света, соответствующие этим длинам волн, что позволяет сравнить оптические характеристики термосферы, мезосферы и верхней стратосферы и определить соотношения между резонансным, рэлеевским и аэрозольным рассеянием света на разных высотах атмосферы. Используя коэффициенты рассеяния в термосфере, находим сечения рассеяния света на длинах волн 561 и 532 нм переходов возбужденных атомарных ионов кислорода и азота и объясняем, почему коэффициенты рассеяния для O+, 561 нм меньше чем для N+, 532 нм, в то время как концентрация O+ на два порядка выше чем N+. Полученные здесь результаты представляют интерес для понимания ионизационного эффекта солнечной активности на оптические характеристики атмосферы, которые определяют погодные и климатические изменения.

Using lidar signals at wavelengths of 561 and 532 nm in the altitude range of 30-400 km, by solving the inverse problem, we restore the light scattering coefficients corresponding to these wavelengths, which makes it possible to compare the optical characteristics of the thermosphere, mesosphere and upper stratosphere and determine the relationship between the resonant, Rayleigh and aerosol scattering of light at different altitudes of the atmosphere. Using the scattering coefficients in the thermosphere, we find the cross sections of light scattering at wavelengths of 561 and 532 nm for the transitions of excited atomic oxygen and nitrogen ions and explain why the scattering coefficients for O+, 561 nm are smaller than for N+, 532 nm, while the concentration of O+ is two orders of magnitude higher than N+. The results obtained here are of interest for understanding the ionization effect of solar activity on the optical characteristics of the atmosphere, which determine weather and climate changes.
Estimating the increased deformations areas that occur during the preparation of Kamchatka earthquakes
Authors: М.И. Гапеев,
Published: December 2022

Статья посвящена математическому моделированию областей повышенных деформаций земной коры, возникающих при подготовке камчатских землетрясений. Для этого произведено обобщение классической модели косейсмических деформаций земной коры, которое заключалось во введении повышающих коэффициентов, зависящих от эффективности снятия энергии упругих деформаций. На основании разработанной модели произвдено моделирование полей деформации, возникающих при подготовке двух камчатских землетрясений. Показано, что области повышенных деформаций распространяются на сотни километров от очагов готовящихся землетрясений как на поверхности земной коры, так и в ее толще.

The article is devoted to mathematical modeling of increased deformations areas of the Earth’s crust that occur during the preparation of Kamchatka earthquakes. For this purpose, a generalization of the classical model of the Earth’s crust co-seismic deformations, proposed by Yu. Okada, was made. The generalization is consisted in the introduction of increasing coefficients depending on the seismic efficiency. Based on the developed model, the deformation fields, that occurred during the preparation of two Kamchatka earthquakes, were simulated. It is shown that the areas of increased deformations extend hundreds of kilometers from the sources of upcoming earthquakes both on the surface of the Earth’s crust and in its thickness.
Pixantrone is a Safe and Effective Therapeutic Option for Elderly Patients with Relapsed Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the Real-World Setting
Authors:   Department of Hematology-Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Center, Greece, E Verrou , A Sevastoudi ,   Department of Hematology-Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Center, Greece, N Karampatzakis ,   Department of Hematology-Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Center, Greece, T Triantafyllou ,   Department of Hematology-Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Center, Greece, D Dalampira ,   Department of Hematology-Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Center, Greece, S Gogolopoulos ,   Department of Hematology-Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Center, Greece, L Katsika ,   Department of Hematology-Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Center, Greece, M Kamargianni ,   Department of Hematology-Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Center, Greece, DA Gkogkos ,   Department of Hematology-Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Center, Greece, ER Laoutidis ,   Department of Hematology-Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Center, Greece, P Koutoukoglou ,   Department of Hematology-Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Center, Greece, T Papadopoulou ,   Department of Hematology-Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Center, Greece, E Katodritou ,   Department of Hematology-Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Center, Greece
Published: December 2022

Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) remains an unmet need in every day clinical practice. Pixantrone is an approved by European Medicines Agency (EMA) for R/R DLBCL last generation anthracenedione developed to reduce the risk of cardiotoxicity. However real-world data regarding efficacy and safety of this agent are limited and controversial. In our study we analyzed 13 heavily pretreated elderly DLBCL patients who were treated with at least 1 cycle of pixantrone. The overall response rate was 46%; 3 patients achieved complete response and 3 patients had partial remission. All the responders were anthracycline sensitive as they had responded to anthracycline-based regimens upfront. Four responders had extranodal involvement (skin: 2, oropharynx: 1, oral cavity:1). Interestingly, 3 of the responders displayed long remission after first line therapy (87, 62 and 37 months, respectively). Regarding safety Pixantrone was well tolerated there was no treatment discontinuation due to Adverse Events. Our results indicate that Pixantrone is effective and safe in heavily pretreated DLBCL patients. Further studies are warranted to identify the subgroup of patients who may benefit from therapy with pixantrone and to identify the optimum positioning of the drug in the treatment of DLBCL.
The Importance of an Early Suppression of the Moro Reflex
Authors:   Vestibularis Clinic, Center for Sensorimotor Research, Okegatan 11, Kalmar, Sweden, M Niklasson , I Niklasson ,   Vestibularis Clinic, Center for Sensorimotor Research, Okegatan 11, Kalmar, Sweden
Published: December 2022

The vestibular-Moro reflex connection was elaborated and it was concluded that a retained Moro reflex after the age of four months should be further investigated in order to prevent future sensorimotor difficulties.
Membrane Integrated liposome Synthesized by a Liposome Fusion-Induced Membrane Exchange
Authors: Li Wei-Peng , Long Xizi , Kataoka-Hamai Chiho , Okamoto Akihiro
Published: December 2022

Biogenic extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mammalian cells and bacteria are assembled by lipid bilayer membrane with carried biologically active cargos such as proteins and mRNA, which received enormous attention due to their various potential applications, including immune therapy, drug delivery system, catalysis, liquid biopsy, microbial fuel cells, and so on. However, scanty EVs produced by biogenesis limited their applicability in the actual condition, and therefore new technologies to enlarge the production of EVs must be developed and remain the challenge. In this study, we created a novel method named LIME (liposome fusion-induced membrane exchange) to acquire a large quantity of biologically active vesicles, in which the excess lipid components fused into the cell’s membrane, thus promoting the process of EVs liberation. This method was first verified in gram-negative bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 with c-type cytochrome complex (Cyts) on the outer-membrane and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine contained liposomes as the lipid donor were used. Interestingly, the significant difference in spectroscopy and heme staining between original liposomes and active membrane-integrated liposomes (MILs) revealed that the electrochemically active Cyts migrate from MR-1 outer-membrane to the liposome successfully. Moreover, MILs with Cyts enabled enhancing the current production from Escherichia coli K-12, demonstrating that the electron transfer activity of Cyts was preserved after the LIME process, and MILs showed massive potential as drug carriers, vaccine, and a tool for strains-crossed membrane proteins migration. Our approach indicates an all-new direction to produce artificial EVs with specific proteins and functions, which will significantly benefit the future development of EVs.
Rational Design of the beta-Bulge Gate in a Green Fluorescent Protein Accelerates the Kinetics of Sulfate Sensing
Authors: S. Y. Ong Whitney , Ji Ke , Pathiranage Vishaka , Maydew Caden , Baek Kiheon , Villones Rhiza Lyne E. , Meloni Gabriele , Walker Alice R. , Dodani Sheel
Published: December 2022

Here, we report how the mutagenesis of the beta-bulge residues (D137 and W138) in mNeonGreen, a bright fluorescent protein, unlocks and tunes the anion preference at physiological pH for sulfate, resulting in the turn-off sensor SulfOFF-1. This unprecedented sensing arises from an enhancement in the kinetics of binding, largely driven by position 138. In line with these data, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations capture how the coordinated entry and gating of sulfate into the beta-barrel is eliminated upon mutagenesis to facilitate binding and fluorescence quenching. Given the significance of sulfate in metabolic processes, we are now poised to apply SulfOFF-1 in living cells. We anticipate that fundamental insights gained from MD simulations can be integrated with protein engineering to design and expand this unique anion sensing function in the GFP family.
Antineoplastic Properties of THCV, HHC and their anti-Proliferative effects on HPAF-II, MIA-paca2, Aspc-1, and PANC-1 PDAC Pancreatic Cell Lines
Authors: Tesfatsion Tesfay , Collins Arianna , Ramirez Giovanni , Mzannar Yousef , Khan Husain , Aboukameel Omar , Azmi Asfar , Jagtap Prakash , Ray Kyle , Cruces Westley
Published: December 2022

Cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 are the primary endogenous receptors with which cannabinoids interact, inducing physiological and psychological effects. Although interactions with other receptors including TRPV1 and GPCR55, have been recognized in earlier studies, these interactions may play a significant role in cancer remediation through the unspecified upregulation or downregulation of specific pathways. The main active constituents within the cannabis plant are cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which have been categorized as either non-intoxicating with benefit or intoxicating with no benefit. These categories are constantly ignored, as cannabinoids have shown efficacy in the treatment of certain diseases and ailments as single-agent compounds. Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), a rare cannabinoid, is a homologue of THC, with the C5 alkyl chain having three carbons rather than the standard five carbon length. THCV has garnered attention in a clinical setting as an anti-obesity drug treating glucose issues. Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC), a hydrogenated analogue of THC, is a rare cannabinoid like THCV. These cyclic cannabinoids are considered rare, because they are typically found in minimal to trace amounts within cannabis sativa and their given C. indica, and C. ruderalis sub species. Increased popularity of these rare cannabinoids has led to proposed experimentation leading to assessing the cytotoxicity of these cannabinoids toward, cancer cells of the pancreas (MIA-PaCa2, HPAF-II, and PANC1). The data evaluated through such studies led to the proposed idea of these rare cyclic cannabinoids towards the treatment of pancreatic cancer due to the modest efficacy as single agent antineoplastics compared to common single agent antineoplastics on the market, with evidence being strongly presented when compared to commercially available anticancer agents poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors.
SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY: HOW TO FEED AN INCREASING POPULATION? A REVIEW
Authors: Shrestha Sabin , Mahat Janaki
Published: December 2022

Achieving food security along with combating poverty, meeting climate goals, and reducing pressure on the environment has been a major challenge: rapidly growing population amid dwindling natural resources and an increasingly vulnerable ecological environment. This paper reviews some relevant paperwork to explore the present situation of the food system and the probable solutions for sustainable food security. Today, 690 million people are hungry and overall food demand is estimated to rise by 50% with the increase in population reaching about 10 billion by 2050. Meanwhile, the supply system loses 1.3 billion tons of food produced every year. Also, the world is facing the problem of hunger and obesity simultaneously. By 2050, adequate feeding of the growing population will necessitate an extra 593 million ha generating 7.4 quadrillion calories, which is more than 1.5 times as produced in 2010. Furthermore, 1/4th of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are attributed to the agriculture sector alone so, we have the dare to meet the increasing global food demand while minimizing adverse environmental impact. The paper’s main contribution lies in the analytical study of different food security approaches. The paper shall help the policymakers to focus on the best measures while formulating a strategy to combat hunger and climate change at the same time. It suggests giving major attention to the breeding programs, increasing cropping intensity, intercropping, rediscovering NUS, more plant-based diet, reduction of food loss and reforestation, peatland restoration, and efficient water utilization for sustainable food security.
COMMENTS ON “BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION AND DEPOSITIONAL MODEL OF THE LATE THANETIAN RANIKOT AND THE YPRESIAN LAKI FORMATIONS IN THE SUBSURFACE OF THE SOUTHERN INDUS BASIN, PAKISTAN”
Authors: Rahman Maqsood Ur
Published: December 2022

This note aims to criticize the identification of key larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) at species or genus rankand the biostratigraphic interpretations. The species figured in the under-discussion paper are largely misidentified. The authors did not follow the fundamental principles for the identification of the LBF. Usingthe misidenti fied species led to the incorrect establishment of the shallow benthic zones (SBZ). Consequently,pro vided the wrong biostratigraphic age to the Lower Eocene succession of the Southern Indus Basin. Themicropaleontological analysis coupled with microfacies description that suffers from the misidentification of most key-index taxa is useful for the definition of a precise depositional environment. The stratigraphic nomenclature is also wrong throughout the article where the authors confused the Group and Formation. The italic and non-italic protocols for the species and genus rank are also wrong throughout the article. Therefore, this note highlights the errors which have been made regarding the age, depositional model, and nomenclature of the Lower Eocene succession of the Southern Indus Basin.
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON AGRICULTURE
Authors: Gupta Aman Kumar
Published: December 2022

In India, the problem of air pollutions increases due to boosting in size of population, industrialization, and urbanization in the last few decades. Thermal power plants and transport sector is the biggest contributor to air pollution in the country. In 1980, National Crop Loss Assessment Programme (NCLAN) was established for assessing current economic losses in agriculture by air pollution. Air pollutants are present in the forms of gases, p articles in suspension, different ionizing radiation in atmosphere and they cause directly or indirectly effects on agriculture crops as well as effects on animals and humans also. Reductions in leaf area,biomass, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, and N contents have often been observed for the crop species growing in a polluted area. Black carbon directly absorbs sunlight, reduces the amount of light for photosynthesis and caused more damage to the crops and reduce the yields of the crops.
FOOD POISONING: CAUSES, ITS EFFECTS AND CONTROL
Authors: Gupta Aman Kumar , Chaudhary Ashish
Published: December 2022

Food poisoning is also known as a foodborne illness caused by the consumption of contaminated food or water containing various bacteria, viruses, protozoa, non-microbial agents like vegetable origin or animal origin, and also toxins of biochemical or chemical nature. The primary source of foodborne illness is bacteria (66%), chemicals (26%), parasites (4%), and viruses (4%). Nowadays more people have died from diarrheal diseases caused by the consumption of contaminated food and water. The symptoms that occur through food poisoning are headache, giddiness, colicky pain, cold and clammy skin, intense thirst, acute vomiting, diarrhea, slow pulse, rigors, abdominal pain, hepatic, and cramps. To avoid food poisoning we should consume healthy food, fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, purified water and avoid junk food which is easily available in the market. Viruses that are present on water or surfaces can be removed through using an ultraviolet light.
ROLE OF QUALITY SEEDS IN FOOD SECURITY AND FOOD SELF- SUFFICIENCY IN NEPAL
Authors: Ghodasaini Khemraj Upadhyaya , Ghimire Homnath
Published: December 2022

Seed is the basic unit of production in agriculture. Without seed the existence of living being in earth is not possible. These seed if viable, under favourable condition grown into green plants. These green plants are the only producer of the planet on which all creatures depend upon. So, seeds are the major element for production, from which other consumers can survive. So, for the human survival we need high yield from optimum input. Seeds are major factor in which yield mostly depend upon. Hence selection of seed must be done with proper study. A viable, pure seed free from disease and pest, having high genetic potential must be selected and sown in its suitable agro climatic condition at its seasonal time for the expected yield. Quality seeds have different parameters like good germination, enough moisture, high physical and physiological purity, disease and pest free. So that quality seed has higher capacity of greater crop stand and production. In context of Nepal, many people are affected from food insecurity. Production of agricultural product has comparatively lowered. Nepal is insufficient in production. So the present production is not able to meet the food demand of existing population. Hence, to increase the fulfilment of food demand of existing population, production and distribution of quality seed is* required. Many agricultural operations are done to help the plant for its better performance such that the risk in yield loss is minimized. Seed with high yield, disease resistance and moisture/drought tolerating capacity must be preserved. These characters are needed for other future research works so, whether its wild or domesticated species, these character bearing seed must be conserved in seed banks. A country can become self-sufficient, and food secured with the application of quality seed on production technology, building of cold store in different regions for storage and prevention of post harvest loss and finally making food accessible to everyone.
Masalah Kesehatan yang Dihadapi Praktisi Keperawatan Mandiri di Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Krismaningrum Hasti Primadilla , Fitarina Fitarina , Wahyudi Fajar Desma , Muhammad Meizano Ardhi , Pujiarti Daning
Published: December 2022

The regulation of Nursing Practice increasingly encourages nurses to carry out independent practice legally. 447 practitioners in mid-2021 provide health care in Lampung, but there is no data about services available. This study aims to get an overview of the health problems served by practitioners. The research was held with a descriptive design. Data was collected by internet through a consecutive sampling of the population and gaining a sample of as many as 178 respondents. They were obtained and spread over 227 sub-districts throughout Lampung Province. The data is processed through cleaning and editing stages, equating terms, and then calculating the frequency. The results showed most cases are respiratory tract disorders (infections) with 167 cases. But non-communicable health problems become dominant such as gastrointestinal disorders and hypertension. Suggestions are given to professional organizations related to problem management in interprofessional collaboration, forming clinical pathways, and planning to increase understanding and application of standard diagnoses, outcomes, and interventions with a uniform nursing language in Indonesia.
Relaksasi dengan Berzikir Menurunkan Tekanan Darah Lansia Hipertensi yang Mengikuti Senam Lansia
Authors: Riyadi Agung , Hermansyah Hermansyah , RS Sunita
Published: December 2022

Based on the results of Rikesdas 2018, the prevalence of elderly hypertension is 55.2% in the 55-64 age category, and 63.2% in the 65-74 age category. Hypertension can cause damage to the kidneys, heart, and blood vessels and can even cause death. Non-pharmacological treatment is proven to control blood pressure, so the use of drugs can be reduced. Deep breathing relaxation with zikir is expected to increase the relaxation effect so that it has an impact on lowering blood pressure. Research objective to determine the effect of deep breathing relaxation with zikir on elderly blood pressure with hypertension who take part in elderly gymnastics in Bengkulu City. The research method is quasi experiment with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design with a pretest and posttest. The sample is the elderly in Bengkulu City with 60 total samples, 30 samples from the treatment group and 30 samples from the control group, taken using a simple random sampling technique. The data was collected by using observation sheets and questionnaires. The data analysis was carried out by univariate and bivariate on the Mann-Whitney test with α 5%, and multivariate analysis using the Mancova test. The results of the Mancova test have a p-value of 0.002, meaning that there is an effect of deep breath relaxation with Zikir on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the elderly with hypertension. Deep breathing relaxation with zikir that is carried out regularly can be one of the nursing interventions to reduce blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension in the community.
Hubungan Usia dan Status Gizi dengan Enzim Cholinesterase pada Pekerja Industri Pembuatan Bahan Baku Cat di Surabaya
Authors: Chotimah Chusnul , Susilowati Indah Tri
Published: December 2022

The additive is one component of paint that inhibits the growth of bio-organisms in the finished paint product with pesticide-like properties. Workers in the manufacture of paints are one of the populations that are at risk of being exposed to heavy metals and pesticides, which enter the workers through inhalation for a long time continuously. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between the age of workers and the nutritional status of the Cholinesterase enzyme in workers in one of the paint raw material industries in Surabaya. This study used a cross-sectional study design with a sample of 89 workers. The variables in this study were age, nutritional status values as measured by BMI values, and cholinesterase enzyme activity. The correlation test results using a nonparametric test, namely the Spearman correlation test. The correlation results show no significance between age and CHE levels (p-value=0.376) and that there is a relationship between BMI and CHE levels (p-value=0.003). It is recommended for future researchers to add research variables including the influence of the length of work, work habits including smoking habits and exercise as well as the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) while working.
Uji Daya Hambat Perasan Air Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli
Authors: Fitriyani Nur Lulu , Widayati Rezeki , Santjaka Aris , Ristiawati Ristiawati , Maulana Jaya
Published: December 2022

Diarrhea cases in Indonesia were 270/1000 population or 7,265,013 cases occurred at all ages with a mortality rate (CFR) of 4.76% in 2018. Treatment of diarrhea can be done by giving antibiotics such as Cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Metronidazole, Co-trioxide, Ceftriaxone, and Erythromycin. However, inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to bacterial resistance. Turmeric is a medicinal plant that contains curcumin and essential oils that can inhibit the growth of bacteria. There are 24 essential oils in turmeric, which are dominated by turmerone (35.16%), ar-turmerone (25.20%), curlon (18.21%), and ar-curcumin (3.74%). Turmeric water obtained through juice has the potential as an antibacterial agent. This study is a pure experiment using a post-test-only control group design by examining the effect of turmeric juice (Curcuma domestica Val.) as an antibacterial of Escherichia coli bacteria. The results showed the ability of turmeric juice to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. The concentration of turmeric juice was able to produce an inhibition zone at concentrations ranging from 40% at 14 mm and the highest concentration at 100% at 24 mm. The results of the One Way Anova test showed that the results were not significant because the p-value>0.05 (p-value=0.351). This means that the average diameter of the inhibition at the concentration of turmeric juice 40%, 55%, 70%, 85%, and 100% did not have a significant difference. Turmeric juice has effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of E.coli bacteria.
Pengaruh Footbath Therapy terhadap Penurunan Skala Nyeri pada Ibu Post Sectio Caesarea
Authors: Oktarina Lia , Aprina Aprina , Purwati Purwati
Published: December 2022

The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015 puts the average standard of sectio caesarea around 5-15% per 1000 world births. RISKESDAS (2018) data on the rate of deliveries by cesarean section reached an average of 17.6%. The process of giving birth through cesarean section has a higher risk of experiencing pain and anxiety compared to normal delivery. One of the treatments to treat pain is using footbath therapy. The purpose of the study was to know the effect of footbath therapy on reducing pain scale in post sectio caesarea mothers at Muhammadiyah Metro Hospital, Lampung Province in 2021.Types of quantitative research. Quasi-experimental research design with non-equivalent control group design using an accidental sampling technique. The population is post sectio caesarea mother. The number of samples was 32 respondents in the intervention group and 32 respondents in the control group. Time of research in May - June 2021. Statistical test using t-test dependent and independent t-tests. The results showed that the average decrease in pain scale before and after the intervention was from 6.50 to 4.69 and obtained p-value=(0.000)
Breastfeeding Self-Efficcacy pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III Hingga Menyusui
Authors: Asih Yusari , Nurlaila Nurlaila
Published: December 2022

Self-efficacy is an important psychological and motivational factor in breastfeeding and is a valuable framework for predicting breastfeeding outcomes and demonstrating a mother's confidence in breastfeeding. Breastfeeding Self-efficacy is a predictor of exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants and their relationship with breastfeeding self-efficacy in Pringsewu District. Study design correlational quantitative used in 100 pregnant women in the third trimester and breastfeeding mothers of 0-6 months incidentals sampling. Mothers filled out the online questionnaire themselves which was distributed by the research team during April - July 2021. The results of the study showed that 67% of respondents had high breastfeeding self-efficacy. There is a significant relationship between education level, parity, employment status, knowledge, breastfeeding experience, observation of others, and husband's verbal persuasion with breastfeeding self-efficacy mother (p-value