bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A elite da elite: a aplicação do Princípio de Pareto na análise da produção brasileira de conhecimento geográfico de impacto internacional
Authors: Salgado André Augusto Rodrigues , Martins Fernanda Pereira
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho objetivou verificar se existe no Brasil uma elite da elite na produção do conhecimento geográfico de impacto internacional. Para tanto analisou quantitativamente a publicação dos docentes de Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia com conceito CAPES igual ou superior a 6 para o período compreendido de 2013 até 2019. A produção de impacto internacional foi considerada como aquela publicada em periódicos com fator de impacto (JCR) igual ou superior a 0,500 e o conceito de elite foi baseado no consagrado Princípio de Pareto que considera que 80% dos efeitos advêm de 20% das causas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram existir, sim, uma elite da elite em termos de produção de conhecimento geográfico de impacto internacional no Brasil, pois em oito dos nove programas de pós-graduação investigados é possível identificar um grupo de 20% dos docentes que é responsável por aproximadamente 80% ou mais desse tipo de produção. Considerando que foram investigados apenas os Programas de Pós-graduação em Geografia do Brasil mais bem ranqueados, esse grupo de 20% constitui-se de fato como uma elite da elite. No mais, em termos de resultados gerais, para a produção de todos os docentes independente do programa no qual estão filiados, foi possível constatar que essa elite é muito proeminente, visto que os 20% dos docentes mais produtivos foram responsáveis por 90% dos artigos produzidos. Por fim, foi possível alcançar um dado inquietante, pois 66% dos docentes desses nove programas de excelência em Geografia, ao longo de sete anos, nem mesmo através de coautoria, conseguiram publicar um único artigo sequer com JCR ≥ 0,500. Isto torna necessário refletir se as políticas públicas de financiamento de pesquisa científica no Brasil têm alcançado os resultados desejados.
Impactos Diferenciais da Pandemia de COVID-19 entre Imigrantes Internacionais Homens e Mulheres – Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Borges Felipe de Ávila Chaves , Fernandes Duval Magalhães , Castro Maria da Consolação Gomes de
Published: October 2020

A humanidade atravessa sua pior crise sanitária e econômica em muito tempo. Seus impactos são sentidos nas dinâmicas econômicas e sociais e na saúde da população em todo planeta. Contudo, a forma como esses impactos afetam os diversos grupos são diferentes. Nesse sentido, este trabalho objetivou analisar os impactos socioeconômicos causados pela pandemia de Covid-19 entre homens e mulheres imigrantes internacionais na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Apesar do desemprego ter aumentado entre homens e mulheres, as mulheres foram proporcionalmente mais afetadas. Isso fez com que imigrantes reduzissem suas despesas e, em muitos casos, sentissem sua própria existência ameaçada. Observou-se que as mulheres tiveram mais acesso ao auxílio emergencial que os homens e que estes últimos estão mais preocupados com questões de saúde e segurança alimentar que as mulheres, ao passo que preocupações de ordem econômica afligem mais as mulheres.
Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Cyclin D1 and P53 mRNA Levels in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line
Authors: Koopaie Maryam , Mosaieby Mahsan , Jabbarpour Zahra , Shamshiri Ahmadreza
Published: October 2020

Background: Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is considered as one of the alternative treatments for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). P53 mRNA is a tumor suppressor gene whose mutation increases the likelihood of uncontrolled cancer-like divisions. The mutation of CCND1 oncogenic increases the production of cyclin D1 as a tumorigenic protein. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of PDT using toluidine blue as a photosensitizer on the CCND1 and P53 mRNA levels in the HNSCC cell line. Methods: A human HNSCC cell line from NCBI.C196 designation HN5 was used. Cells were divided into four groups: Group I (HNSCC cell line under the influence of toluidine blue and laser irradiation), group II (HNSCC cell line under the influence of toluidine blue), group III (HNSCC cell line under laser irradiation), group IV (control group, HNSCC cell line). A 660 nm THOR laser using toluidine blue as a photosensitizer was applied. The RNA extraction was performed in three steps, including cell degradation, purification, and precipitation by alcohol. The cDNA was prepared using Takara Kit. The Amplicon kit and Real-Time PCR analysis were used for the assessment of mRNA relative levels. Results: The P53 mRNA relative levels were 1.50 ± 0.33 in group I (P = 0.65), 1.49 ± 0.23 (P =0.5) in group II, and 1.40 ± 1.05 (P = 0.63) in group III. Compared to the control group, the mean increases in CCND1 mRNA were 18.01 ± 3.37 (p=0.04) in group I, 17.69 ± 3.3 (P = 0.03) in group II, and 9.01 ± 6.17 (P = 0.20) in group III. Conclusions: The comparison of the fold change index for P53 and CCND1 mRNA by the one-way ANOVA test showed that despite the increased expression of P53 and CCND1 mRNA in treatment groups compared to the control group, there was no statistically significant difference between the increases in P53 mRNA (P = 0.99) and CCND1 mRNA (P = 0.22) index between the groups. The results of this study could be a starting point for a better understanding of the mechanism of genes in PDT of the HNSCC cell line.
Cutaneous Elastorrhexis; A Heralding Sign of Gronblad-Strandberg Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Chavan Ravindranath Brahmadeo , Deshmukh Nitika S , Belgaumkar Vasudha Abhijit , Raut Vijay
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE), also called Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome, is an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutation in the ABCC6 allele on chromosome 16p. It is characterized by the progressive fragmentation and calcification of elastin fibers of the dermis, blood vessels, and Bruch’s membrane of the eye. In this article, the authors present a case of PXE with cutaneous elastorrhexis. Case Presentation: A 31-year-old female presented with skin changes in the form of yellowish linearly arranged papules over the lateral side of the neck and anterior abdomen since adolescence. Her retinoscopy and cardiovascular examinations were reported as normal. The molecular analysis could not be done due to financial limitations. Based on these findings, the patient was suspected of PXE according to the revised criteria for the diagnosis of PXE. Conclusions: Skin lesions are generally first to appear in adolescence. Ocular findings develop at later ages, i.e., third or fourth decades. Cardiovascular manifestations develop later in life. Hence, skin changes can aid in the early diagnosis of PXE and help clinicians to screen patients for systemic complications. Being a multisystem heritable disorder with morbidity and mortality, there is a need to formulate the clinical criteria for definitive diagnosis in resource-poor settings where molecular assays cannot be performed. The recognition of typical skin lesions can aid in the accurate diagnosis to facilitate the early detection and management of life-threatening systemic complications.
Reflexões sobre o desafio ambiental: níveis de eutrofização e floração de cianobactérias na Bacia Apodi-Mossoró
Authors: Oliveira Carmem Sara Pinheiro de , Fonseca Aleson da Silva , Díaz Carlos Andrés , Santos Wagner Pereira dos
Published: October 2020

Um problema recorrente encontrado em alguns reservatórios de água calma da região Nordeste do Brasil é o processo de eutrofização, que corresponde ao aumento na concentração de nutrientes na água. Isso contribui no crescimento da biomassa fitoplanctônica, levando a redução na transparência da água, interferindo na estrutura física e química dos ecossistemas aquáticos que resultam em condições favoráveis para florações de cianobactérias. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o Índice do Estado Trófico (IET) e as concentrações de cianobactérias nos reservatórios Açude Pau dos Ferros, Açude de Lucrécia e Açude Rodeador, além disso, promover uma reflexão teórica sobre a questão ambiental ligada à esses recursos hídricos. As informações sobre o IET nos reservatórios fundamentaram em dados secundários, disponibilizados pelo Programa Água Azul, que realizou o monitoramento das águas superficiais da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Apodi-Mossoró, entre os anos de 2008 e 2016. Os dados do monitoramento demonstraram que o Açude Pau dos Ferros foi o que apresentou o maior IET, categorizado com média Hipereutrófico, enquanto os açudes Lucrécia e Roeador ficou com média Supereutrófico. Os dados sobre densidade de cianobactérias se mostraram quase em sua totalidade, acima das normas que preconizam os limites máximos permitidos, de acordo com Portaria 2914/2011 do Ministério da Saúde e da Resolução 257/2005 do CONAMA. A ocorrência desses componentes revelam o risco socioambiental, tendo em vista que esses açudes são usados para abastecimento humano. Em suma, a teoria social dispõem de conceitos que contribuem na reflexão teórica sobre a questão do meio ambiente dentro da perspectiva do desafio ambiental, no qual tem revelado que muitas problemáticas de ordem ecológica, como é o caso da eutrofização que tem ligação com as atividades humanas que estão pautadas na lógica da globalização da natureza, colocando em risco as espécies biológicas que estão diretamente dependentes desse recurso.
Proteção da biodiversidade em áreas privadas: um estudo de caso sobre trilhas clandestinas
Authors: Riccomini Barbara Rodrigues , Candiani Giovano , Farias Luciana Aparecida , Duarte Carla Grigoletto
Published: October 2020

Estratégias de conservação da biodiversidade no Brasil dependem das ações e usos em áreas privadas, que reúnem parte significativa da vegetação remanescente de nossos biomas. É um desafio, no entanto, definir estratégias eficazes para a proteção da biodiversidade nessas áreas, especialmente quando estas se encontram em zonas de amortecimento de Unidades de Conservação. Neste artigo exploramos um caso que representa este cenário – a realização de trilhas clandestinas na região de Paranapiacaba, em Santo André (SP), que dão acesso irregular ao Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (PESM). São analisadas as ações tomadas para a gestão ambiental dessa problemática, bem como a percepção ambiental de gestores e trilheiros, a partir de um estudo de caso, com entrevistas, questionário e pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Os resultados mostram que governo municipal, gestores do parque e proprietários das áreas tem focado seus esforços apenas em medidas de sinalização e fiscalização. Não há estudos sobre a viabilidade de se regularizar esta trilha, e os visitantes não se sentem coibidos pelas ações tomadas. Este cenário atual é desfavorável para todos os atores e para a proteção da biodiversidade, uma vez que impactos ambientais têm se concretizado sobre esta área.
Ação antrópica na produção de alimentos em áreas de Brejos de Altitude no semiárido do Nordeste, Brasil
Authors: Tenório José Cleiton Souza , Pimentel Ana Karine Nascimento , Alexandre Fernando da Silva , Andrade Horasa Maria Lima da Silva , Andrade Luciano Pires de
Published: October 2020

Os brejos de altitude são unidades biogeográficas peculiares pois são um conjunto de áreas de florestas úmidas rodeadas por vegetação xerófila típica de Caatinga. O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar a influência das alterações ambientais na produção das culturas tradicionais no município de Garanhuns, utilizando para isso  dados pluviométricos extraídos da APAC e do banco de dados do IBGE, além de imagens de satélite. No total, foram coletadas séries históricas dos dados de chuva, produção agropecuária e uso do solo para o município de Garanhuns e tradadas com o uso do programa QGIS e excel para a criação de figuras e gráficos de relação. Observoou-se que as áreas de florestas naturais foram reduzidas de 5% para menos de 1% durante um período de 15 anos, e que as produções tradicionais como criação de gado, plantio de mandioca, milho e feijão estão em declínio. Tal dado está vinculado às mudanças climáticas e aos processos de degradação dos solos e vegetação da região. Observou-se ainda que novas culturas estão em ascensão, como as de produção de galináceos confinados em granjas, produção de Suínos e caprinos, além de culturas como a produção de mel de abelha e a piscicultura.  Desta forma, as mudanças causadas pelo homem no ambiente são relevantes no processo de desequilíbrio ambiental e perda de biodiversidade de uma região.
Ecophysiological interactions in species of peacock bass Cichla spp. from the Amazon
Authors: Castro Philip Dalbert da Silva , Ladislau Daniel da Silva , Ribeiro Maiko Willas Soares , Paiva Antônia Jaqueline Vitor de , Liebl Ariany Rabello da Silva , Lima Jackson Pantoja , Aride Paulo Henrique Rocha , Oliveira Adriano Teixeira de
Published: October 2020

The peacock bass species Cichla spp. are economically important in the Amazon region, being used in food, sport fishing and the ornamental fish market. The aims of present study was investigate the ecophysiological interactions and the relationship to the physical parameters of the water. In order to compare and ecologically correlate the species of peacock bass (Cichla monoculus, Cichla temensis and Cichla vazzoleri) in Lake Balbina, Presidente Figueiredo. The total of 45 animals, 15 individuals of each species, was captured with rod and reel, hand line with natural and artificial bait. The animals blood was removed by means of caudal puncture and the hematological data were determined according to methodology previously described in the literature. The analysis of water physical properties was determined during the collections. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for observations of interactions (60.00%). The PCA of the erythrogram showed an interaction of 86.26%, the thrombogram and leukogram of the peacock bass species showed no interaction. The PCA of the plasma metabolites showed no interaction with a rate of 51.55%, however, there is a tendency in the x axis, where the species C. monoculos presents distinct ecophysiological patterns of C. temensis and C. vazzoleri. In the analysis of the physical properties of the water, was observed interaction 96.59%, where in the X axis the species C. monoculos and C. vazzoleri inhabit exclusive localities. It is possible to infer that C. monoculos presents a different pattern compared to other species.
Media Forensics Challenge image provenance evaluation and state-of-the-art analysis on large-scale benchmark datasets
Authors: Jin Xiongnan , Lee Yooyoung , Fiscus Jonathan , Guan Haiying , Yates Amy N , Delgado Andrew , Zhou Daniel F
Published: October 2020

With the development of storage, transmission, editing, and sharing tools, digital forgery images are propagating rapidly. The need for image provenance analysis has never been more timely. Typical applications are content tracking, copyright enforcement, and forensics reasoning. However, large-scale image provenance datasets, which contain diverse manipulation history graphs with various manipulation operations and rich metadata, are still needed to facilitate the research. It is one of the major factors that hinders the development of techniques for image provenance analysis. To address this issue, we introduce large-scale benchmark datasets for provenance analysis, namely Media Forensics Challenge-Provenance (MFC-Prov) datasets. Two provenance tasks are designed along with evaluation metrics. Furthermore, extensive analysis is conducted for system performance in terms of accuracy on our datasets.
Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review
Authors: Bacigalupo Sonny A. , Dixon Linda K. , Gubbins Simon , Kucharski Adam J. , Drewe Julian A.
Published: October 2020

Wild animals are the source of many pathogens of livestock and humans. Concerns about the potential transmission of economically important and zoonotic diseases from wildlife have led to increased surveillance at the livestock-wildlife interface. Knowledge of the types, frequency and duration of contacts between livestock and wildlife is necessary to identify risk factors for disease transmission and to design possible mitigation strategies. Observing the behaviour of many wildlife species is challenging due to their cryptic nature and avoidance of humans, meaning there are relatively few studies in this area. Further, a consensus on the definition of what constitutes a ‘contact’ between wildlife and livestock is lacking. A systematic review was conducted to investigate which livestock-wildlife contacts have been studied and why, as well as the methods used to observe each species. Over 30,000 publications were screened, of which 122 fulfilled specific criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The majority of studies examined cattle contacts with badgers or with deer; studies involving wild pig contacts with cattle or with domestic pigs were the next most frequent. There was a range of observational methods including motion-activated cameras and global positioning system collars. As a result of the wide variation and lack of consensus in the definitions of direct and indirect contacts, we developed a unified framework to define livestock-wildlife contacts that is sufficiently flexible to be applied to most wildlife and livestock species for non-vector-borne diseases. We hope this framework will help standardise the collection and reporting of contact data; a valuable step towards being able to compare the efficacy of wildlife-livestock observation methods. In doing so, it may aid the development of better disease transmission models and improve the design and effectiveness of interventions to reduce or prevent disease transmission.
Long Term Manuring and Fertilization Effect on Soil Properties in Terrace Soil
Authors: Ahmed Firoz , Islam Majharul , Rahman Md. Mahfujur , Bhuiyan Md. Saikat Hossain , Kader M. A.
Published: October 2020

The study was carried out the influence of long term manuring and fertilization on soil properties. Soil samples were collected in 2016 from a highly weathered terrace soil with rice-wheat cropping pattern at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) experimental farm having five OM (control, cow dung, green manure, rice straw and compost) treatments combined with three mineral N fertilizer (control, 155 kg ha-1, 220 kg ha-1) levels. Long term (28 years) application of mineral fertilizers and manure resulted in significant differences in soil organic carbon, total N content, C:N ratio of soil and soil pHKCl between the treatments. The  soil organic carbon content varied among the different treatments from 6.11 g OC kg-1 (application of rice straw and no N) to 9.43 g OC kg-1 (application of compost and 220 kg N ha-1 yr-1). The total soil N content varied among the different treatments from 0.41 g N kg-1 (application of rice straw and no N) to 0.73 g N kg-1 (application of compost and 220 kg N ha-1 yr-1). The C:N ratios of the soil varied among the different treatments from 13.3 (application of no exogenous OM  and no N) to 15.1(application of green manure and no N). The soil pH varied among the different treatments from 4.42 (application of cow dung and 220 kg N ha-1 yr-) to 4.89 (application of compost/cow dung and no N). So, long term fertilization and manuring undoubtedly bring some changes in the physiochemical soil properties of terrace soil.
Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic and Neuroprotective Activities of Extracts from Fruits Native to the Amazon Region: A Review
Authors: Yamaguchi Klenicy Kazumy de Lima , Souza Anderson de Oliveira
Published: October 2020

The Amazon forest has the largest biome on the planet, and it is estimated that only 16 to 20% of the identified animal, and plant biodiversity. Considering plant diversity, we will highlight the biological properties of the fruits extracts of Arecaceae, Caryocaraceae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae, Sapindaceae, and Solanaceae’s families due to their significant biological actions. This review presents the antioxidant, glycemic control, and neuroprotective activities from ten fruit extracts distributed in six botanical families in the Amazon region. We obtained 801 publications (described from 2010 to 2020), of which 64 articles were selected by the benchmark previously chosen. The antioxidant effect was the dominant effect observed in the studies used for this review, followed by glycemic control and protective actions in neurons. This review provides a synopsis of the recent literature exploring the extracts from native fruits to the Amazon region that could efficiently prevent pathologies associated with oxidative stress, and cellular maintenance mechanisms.
Flexible Solid‐State Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell Catalyzed by Nanoporous High‐Entropy Al‐Pd‐Ni‐Cu‐Mo Anode and Spinel (AlMnCo)3O4 Cathode
Authors: Li Shiyin , Wang Jiaqi , Lin Xi , Xie Guoqiang , Huang Yan , Liu Xingjun , Qiu Hua‐Jun
Published: October 2020

As in many other electrochemical energy‐converting systems, the flexible direct ethanol fuel cells rely heavily on high‐performance catalysts with low noble metal contents and high tolerance to poisoning. In this work, a generic dealloying procedure to synthesize nanoporous multicomponent anodic and cathodic catalysts for the high‐performance ethanol fuel cells is reported. On the anode side, the nanoporous AlPdNiCuMo high‐entropy alloy exhibits an electrochemically active surface area of 88.53 m2 g−1Pd and a mass activity of 2.67 A mg−1Pd for the ethanol oxidation reaction. On the cathode side, the dealloyed spinel (AlMnCo)3O4 nanosheets with no noble metals demonstrate a comparable catalytic performance as the standard Pt/C for the oxygen reduction reaction, and tolerance to high concentrations of ethanol. Equipped with such anodic and cathodic catalysts, the flexible solid‐state ethanol fuel cell is able to deliver an ultra‐high energy density of 13.63 mWh cm−2 with only 3 mL ethanol, which is outstanding compared with other similar solid‐state energy devices. Moreover, the solid‐state ethanol fuel cell is highly flexible, durable and exhibits an inject‐and‐run function.
Defect Engineering in Ambipolar Layered Materials for Mode‐Regulable Nociceptor
Authors: Li Mengjiao , Yang Feng‐Shou , Hsu Hung‐Chang , Chen Wan‐Hsin , Kuo Chia Nung , Chen Jiann‐Yeu , Yang Shao‐Heng , Yang Ting‐Hsun , Lin Che‐Yi , Chou Yi , Lee Mu‐Pai , Chang Yuan‐Ming , Yang Yung‐Cheng , Lee Ko‐Chun , Chou Yi‐Chia , Lien Chen‐Hsin , Lin Chun‐Liang , Chiu Ya‐Ping , Lue Chin Shan , Lin Shu‐Ping , Lin Yen‐Fu
Published: October 2020

Defect engineering represents a significant approach for atomically thick 2D semiconductor material development to explore the unique material properties and functions. Doping‐induced conversion of conductive polarity is particularly beneficial for optimizing the integration of layered electronics. Here, controllable doping behavior in palladium diselenide (PdSe2) transistor is demonstrated by manipulating its adatom‐vacancy groups. The underlying mechanisms, which originate from reversible adsorption/desorption of oxygen clusters near selenide vacancy defects, are investigated systematically via their dynamic charge transfer characteristics and scanning tunneling microscope analysis. The modulated doping effect allows the PdSe2 transistor to emulate the essential characteristics of photo nociceptor on a device level, including firing signal threshold and sensitization. Interestingly, electrostatic gating, acting as a neuromodulator, can regulate the adaptive modes in nociceptor to improve its adaptability and perceptibility to handle different danger levels. An integrated artificial nociceptor array is also designed to execute unique image processing functions, which suggests a new perspective for extension of the promise of defect engineered 2D electronics in simplified sensory systems toward use in advanced humanoid robots and artificial visual sensors.
A 3D Cross‐Linking Lithiophilic and Electronically Insulating Interfacial Engineering for Garnet‐Type Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Ruan Yadong , Lu Yang , Li Yanpei , Zheng Chujun , Su Jianmeng , Jin Jun , Xiu Tongping , Song Zhen , Badding Michael E. , Wen Zhaoyin
Published: October 2020

Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) promise high energy density and strong safety due to using nonflammable solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) and high‐capacity Li metal anode. Ta‐substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZT) SSE possesses superior ionic conductivity and stability with Li metal, yet the interfacial compatibility and lithium dendrite hazards still hinder its applications. Herein, an interfacial engineering is demonstrated by facile acid‐salt (AS) treatment on LLZT, constructing a 3D cross‐linking LiF‐LiCl (CF) network. Such structure facilitates Li wetting via capillary permeation. Notably, CF as electronically insulting phases block the electrons through the interface and ulteriorly suppress the dendrite formation. The assembled Li symmetric cell exhibited a low interfacial impedance (11.6 Ω cm2) and high critical current densities (CCDs) in the time‐constant mode, 1.8 mA cm−2 at 25 °C and 3.6 mA cm−2 at 60 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, by exploring the capacity‐constant mode of CCD measurement, the concept of critical areal capacity (CAC) is first proposed, obtaining its values of ≈0.5 mAh cm−2 at 25 °C and 1.2 mAh cm−2 at 60 °C. Moreover, the safety‐enhanced hybrid SSBs matched with LiFePO4 and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 deliver a remarkable rate and cycling performances, validating the feasibility of this interfacial engineering in various SSB systems.
Interface Dipole Induced Field‐Effect Passivation for Achieving 21.7% Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Fengyou , Zhang Yuhong , Yang Meifang , Han Donglai , Yang Lili , Fan Lin , Sui Yingrui , Sun Yunfei , Liu Xiaoyan , Meng Xiangwei , Yang Jinghai
Published: October 2020

Organolead halide hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a shining star in the renewable devices field due to the sharp growth of power conversion efficiency; however, interfacial recombination and carrier‐extraction losses at heterointerfaces between the perovskite active layer and the carrier transport layers remain the two main obstacles to further improve the power conversion efficiency. Here, novel field‐effect passivation has been successfully induced to effectively suppress the interfacial recombination and improve interfacial charge transfer by incorporating interfacial polarization via inserting a high work function interlayer between perovskite and holes transport layer. The charge dynamics within the device and the mechanism of the field‐effect passivation are elucidated in detail. The unique interfacial dipoles reinforce the built‐in field and prevent the photogenerated charges from recombining, resulting in power conversion efficiency up to 21.7% with negligible hysteresis. Furthermore, the hydrophobic interlayer also suppresses the perovskite decomposition by preventing the moisture penetration, thereby improving the humidity stability of the PSCs (>91% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after 30 d in 65 ± 5% humidity). Finally, several promising research perspectives based on field‐effect passivation are also suggested for further conversion efficiency improvements and photovoltaic applications.
Highly Efficient Ternary All‐Polymer Solar Cells with Enhanced Stability
Authors: Feng Kui , Wu Ziang , Su Mengyao , Ma Suxiang , Shi Yongqiang , Yang Kun , Wang Yang , Zhang Yujie , Sun Weipeng , Cheng Xing , Huang Limin , Min Jie , Woo Han Young , Guo Xugang
Published: October 2020

Developing organic solar cells (OSCs) based on a ternary active layer is one of the most effective approaches to maximize light harvesting and improve their photovoltaic performance. However, this strategy meets very limited success in all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) due to the scarcity of narrow bandgap polymer acceptors and the challenge of morphology optimization. In fact, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of ternary all‐PSCs even lag behind binary all‐PSCs. Herein, highly efficient ternary all‐PSCs are realized based on an ultranarrow bandgap (ultra‐NBG) polymer acceptor DCNBT‐TPC, a medium bandgap polymer donor PTB7‐Th, and a wide bandgap polymer donor PBDB‐T. The optimized ternary all‐PSCs yield an excellent PCE of 12.1% with a remarkable short‐circuit current density of 21.9 mA cm−2. In fact, this PCE is the highest value reported for ternary all‐PSCs and is much higher than those of the corresponding binary all‐PSCs. Moreover, the optimized ternary all‐PSCs show a photostability with ≈68% of the initial PCE retained after 400 h illumination, which is more stable than the binary all‐PSCs. This work demonstrates that the utilization of a ternary all‐polymer system based on ultra‐NBG polymer acceptor blended with compatible polymer donors is an effective strategy to advance the field of all‐PSCs.
3D Coaxial Printing Tough and Elastic Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Using a Catechol Functionalized Ink System
Authors: Zhou Ying , Yue Zhilian , Chen Zhi , Wallace Gordon
Published: October 2020

3D printing is now popular in tissue engineering as it provides a facile route to the fabrication of scaffolds with/without living cells with a predesigned geometry. The properties of the ink constituents are critical for printing structures to meet both mechanical and biological requirements. Despite recent advances in ink development, it remains a challenge to print biopolymer based tough and elastic hydrogels. These hydrogels are in great demand as they can mimic the biomechanics of soft tissues such as skin, muscle, and cartilage. In this study, a catechol functionalized ink system is developed for 3D coaxial printing tough and elastic hydrogels. The ink is based on biopolymers including catechol modified hyaluronic acid (HACA) and alginate. A novel crosslinking strategy is proposed, involving simple ionic crosslinking, catechol mediated crosslinking, and Michael addition that are all induced under mild conditions. The HACA and alginate form a double network with high fracture toughness and elasticity, while proteins such as gelatin can be integrated with the HACA/alginate hydrogel during printing to improve cell interactions. The printed constructs demonstrate high cytocompatibility and support the differentiation of myoblasts into aligned myotubes. The catechol functionalized ink can be further modified to target various applications in soft tissue engineering.
3D Bioprinting of Lignocellulosic Biomaterials
Authors: Shavandi Amin , Hosseini Soraya , Okoro Oseweuba Valentine , Nie Lei , Eghbali Babadi Farahnaz , Melchels Ferry
Published: October 2020

The interest in bioprinting of sustainable biomaterials is rapidly growing, and lignocellulosic biomaterials have a unique role in this development. Lignocellulosic materials are biocompatible and possess tunable mechanical properties, and therefore promising for use in the field of 3D‐printed biomaterials. This review aims to spotlight the recent progress on the application of different lignocellulosic materials (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) from various sources (wood, bacteria, and fungi) in different forms (including nanocrystals and nanofibers in 3D bioprinting). Their crystallinity, leading to water insolubility and the presence of suspended nanostructures, makes these polymers stand out among hydrogel‐forming biomaterials. These unique structures give rise to favorable properties such as high ink viscosity and strength and toughness of the final hydrogel, even when used at low concentrations. In this review, the application of lignocellulosic polymers with other components in inks is reported for 3D bioprinting and identified supercritical CO2 as a potential sterilization method for 3D‐printed cellulosic materials. This review also focuses on the areas of potential development by highlighting the opportunities and unmet challenges such as the need for standardization of the production, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of the cellulosic materials that underscore the direction of future research into the 3D biofabrication of cellulose‐based biomaterials.
Biofunctionalized Liposomes to Monitor Rheumatoid Arthritis Regression Stimulated by Interleukin‐23 Neutralization
Authors: Lima Ana Cláudia , Campos Cláudia F. , Cunha Cristina , Carvalho Agostinho , Reis Rui L. , Ferreira Helena , Neves Nuno M.
Published: October 2020

Even after the revolution of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment with biologic agents, this debilitating disease remains a major clinical problem. The outstanding outcomes of the systemic administration of antibodies (Abs) are narrowed by the risk of serious side effects and limited efficacy due to their short half‐life. Interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) is a crucial pro‐inflammatory cytokine involved in inflammation that potently enhances the generation of T‐helper type‐17 (Th17) cells. Hence, in this work, anti‐IL‐23 Abs are immobilized at the surface of liposomes to increase their therapeutic efficacy, being gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) incorporated to allow monitoring the biodistribution of the liposomes after systemic administration as well as due to their anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. A stable monodispersed liposomes’ suspension with around 130 nm is produced and efficiently biofunctionalized with anti‐IL‐23 Abs. IL‐23 capture and neutralization capacity are confirmed using activated macrophages. Biological assays demonstrate their hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility with human articular chondrocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Moreover, the neutralization of IL‐23 by the biofunctionalized liposomes efficiently decreases the production of IL‐17A by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors and RA patients who are activated to Th17 differentiation. Therefore, the developed formulation may be a promising strategy to treat RA.
Perovskite‐Derivative Valleytronics
Authors: Liang Jia , Fang Qiyi , Wang Hua , Xu Rui , Jia Shuai , Guan Yuxuan , Ai Qing , Gao Guanhui , Guo Hua , Shen Kaijun , Wen Xiewen , Terlier Tanguy , Wiederrecht Gary P. , Qian Xiaofeng , Zhu Hanyu , Lou Jun
Published: October 2020

Halide perovskites are revolutionizing the renewable energy sector owing to their high photovoltaic efficiency, low manufacturing cost, and flexibility. Their remarkable mobility and long carrier lifetime are also valuable for information technology, but fundamental challenges like poor stability under an electric field prevent realistic applications of halide perovskites in electronics. Here, it is discovered that valleytronics is a promising route to leverage the advantages of halide perovskites and derivatives for information storage and processing. The synthesized all‐inorganic lead‐free perovskite derivative, Cs3Bi2I9, exhibits strong light–matter interaction and parity‐dependent optically addressable valley degree of freedom. Robust optical helicity in all odd‐layer‐number crystals with inversion symmetry breaking is observed, indicating excitonic coherence extending well beyond 11 layers. The excellent optical and valley properties of Cs3Bi2I9 arise from the unique parallel bands, according to first principles calculations. This discovery points to new materials design principles for scalable valleytronic devices and demonstrates the promise of perovskite derivatives beyond energy applications.
Novel One‐Step Process for the Production of Levulinic Acid from Furfural over Hierarchical Zeolites in a Microwave Reactor
Authors: Velaga Bharath , Peela Nageswara Rao
Published: October 2020

Here, a novel one‐step process is reported for the production of levulinic acid (LA) from furfural over hierarchical zeolites in a microwave reactor. The furfural conversion and product distribution are determined as a function of formalin concentration (CF) in water, catalyst properties, and heating mode. 20 wt% formalin is found to be the critical concentration, above and below which the 5‐hydroxymethylfurfrual and the LA are formed, respectively. The conversion and LA yield over H‐zeolite are higher by 2.3 and 17 times, respectively, as compared to those over Na‐zeolite. The Brønsted to Lewis acid sites ratio is found to be a crucial catalytic parameter to obtain the best activity and LA yield. Under optimal reaction conditions and with the best catalyst, 42% LA yield is obtained at 90% furfural conversion. The humins formed during the process are characterized using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The humins yield, functionality, and decomposition temperatures are varied with both CF and catalyst properties. The reaction pathways and intermediates are also postulated. The integration of the developed process/route with the existing C6 routes allows the utilization of the entire carbohydrate content of the lignocellulosic biomass to produce LA, and consequently, the overall process becomes more economical.
PEGylation of Recombinant Human Deoxyribonuclease I Provides a Long‐Acting Version of the Mucolytic for Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Guichard Marie‐Julie , Wilms Tobias , Mahri Sohaib , Patil Harshad P. , Hoton Delphine , Ucakar Bernard , Vanvarenberg Kevin , Cheou Pamela , Beka Mathilde , Marbaix Etienne , Leal Teresinha , Vanbever Rita
Published: October 2020

Inhalation of recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase) is a gold‐standard therapy in the management of cystic fibrosis (CF). Yet, the rapid elimination of the mucolytic from the lungs requires its daily administration and rhDNase contributes to the high therapy burden of patients. Here, a long‐acting version of rhDNase that is delivered once weekly instead of once daily is presented. Conjugation of rhDNase to a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain sustains its presence and mucolytic activity within murine lungs for more than 15 days. One single dose of PEGylated rhDNase is as effective as 1 daily dose of unconjugated rhDNase during five days to decrease the DNA content in the lungs of β‐ENaC mice, a model of the CF lung disease. Moreover, once weekly administration of PEGylated rhDNase over four weeks decreases both the DNA content and the neutrophil counts in the lungs of β‐ENaC mice. PEGylated rhDNase is stable to jet nebulization. Finally, multiple high‐dose administrations of PEGylated rhDNase for up to 3 months do not cause any significant pulmonary or systemic toxicity, nor accumulation of the rhDNase or PEG moieties in biological fluids. PEGylation of rhDNase may offer a convenient long‐acting mucolytic to patients with CF.
Modulating Charge Transfer Efficiency of Hematite Photoanode with Hybrid Dual‐Metal–Organic Frameworks for Boosting Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Wang Keke , Liu Yang , Kawashima Kenta , Yang Xuetao , Yin Xiang , Zhan Faqi , Liu Min , Qiu Xiaoqing , Li Wenzhang , Mullins Charles Buddie , Li Jie
Published: October 2020

The glorious charge transfer efficiency of photoanode is an important factor for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. However, it is often limited by slow kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction. Herein, a dual transition metal‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOF) cocatalyst, Fe@Ni–MOF, is introduced into a titanium‐doped hematite (Fe2O3:Ti) photoanode. The combination of Ni and Fe can optimize the filling of 3d orbitals. Moreover, the introduction of Fe donates electrons to Ni in the MOF structure, thus, suppressing the irreversible (long‐life‐time) oxidation of Ni2+ into Ni3+. The resulting Fe@Ni–MOF/Fe2O3:Ti photoanode exhibits ∼threefold enhancement in the photocurrent density at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. Kinetic analysis of the PEC water oxidation processes indicates that this performance improvement is primarily due to modulating the charge transfer efficiency of hematite photoanode. Further results show that a single transition metal‐based MOF cocatalyst, Ni–MOF, exhibits slow charge transfer in spite of a reduction in surface charge recombination, resulting in a smaller charge transfer efficiency. These findings provide new insights for the development of photoelectrodes decorated with MOFs.
Esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma shares characteristics with gastric adenocarcinoma: Literature review and retrospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Imamura Yu , Watanabe Masayuki , Oki Eiji , Morita Masaru , Baba Hideo
Published: October 2020

The incidence of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma has been gradually increasing in Asia, just like in Western countries a few decades ago. Despite recent advances in next‐generation sequencing and multimodal treatments, EGJ adenocarcinoma is still an aggressive malignancy with poor outcomes. Clinically, EGJ adenocarcinoma can be separated into Barrett's adenocarcinoma and cardiac adenocarcinoma, with frequent similarities observed. Barrett's adenocarcinoma is likely to be of gastric origin in terms of its premalignant background, risk factors, and stem cell regulators. Recent comprehensive genomic analyses suggest that immunotherapy may be essential for high‐level microsatellite instability (MSI‐H)‐ and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated subtypes, and against the immunosuppressive phenotype in genomically stable (GS) subtypes, in the treatment of EGJ and gastric adenocarcinoma. Although the chromosomal instability (CIN) subtype dominates EGJ adenocarcinoma, there is still a need to investigate the other molecular subtypes and their targets. Because of the distinctive characteristics of tumor location of EGJ adenocarcinoma, we also described the results of a multicenter cohort study of EGJ adenocarcinoma, comparing Siewert type I (distal esophagus), II (cardia of the stomach), and III (subcardia) tumors. We show that type I tumors were frequently accompanied by Barrett's esophagus (78%, P < .0001), with a significantly unfavorable outcome (multivariate EGJ‐cancer‐specific mortality hazard ratio = 1.81, 95% CI, 1.06‐2.97; P = .031). In addition, over half (56%) of these cases experienced disease recurrence in the lymph nodes. Our findings suggest that Barrett's adenocarcinoma may be an aggressive phenotype of EGJ adenocarcinoma due to the potential risk of tumor spread through the complex lympho‐vascular network of the esophagus.
Variants in NAA15 cause pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ritter Alyssa , Berger Justin H. , Deardorff Matthew , Izumi Kosuke , Lin Kimberly Y. , Medne Livija , Ahrens‐Nicklas Rebecca C.
Published: October 2020

The NatA N‐acetyltransferase complex is important for cotranslational protein modification and regulation of multiple cellular processes. The NatA complex includes the core components of NAA10, the catalytic subunit, and NAA15, the auxiliary component. Both NAA10 and NAA15 have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping clinical features, including variable intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, and, less commonly, congenital anomalies such as cleft lip or palate. Cardiac arrhythmias, including long QT syndrome, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation were among the first reported cardiac manifestations in patients with NAA10‐related syndrome. Recently, three individuals with NAA10‐related syndrome have been reported to also have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The general and cardiac phenotypes of NAA15‐related syndrome are not as well described as NAA10‐related syndrome. Congenital heart disease, including ventricular septal defects, and arrhythmias, such as ectopic atrial tachycardia, have been reported in a small proportion of patients with NAA15‐related syndrome. Given the relationship between NAA10 and NAA15, we propose that HCM is also likely to occur in NAA15‐related disorder. We present two patients with pediatric HCM found to have NAA15‐related disorder via exome sequencing, providing the first evidence that variants in NAA15 can cause HCM.
Diiron ethane‐1,2‐dithiolate complexes with 1,2,3‐thiadiazole moiety: Synthesis, X‐ray crystal structures, electrochemistry and fungicidal activity
Authors: Yan Lin , Hu Kui , Liu Xu‐Feng , Li Yu‐Long , Liu Xing‐Hai , Jiang Zhong‐Qing
Published: October 2020

Four diiron ethane‐1,2‐dithiolate complexes containing 1,2,3‐thiadiazole moiety have been synthesized and characterized. Esterification of the starting complex [Fe2(CO)6{μ‐SCH2CH(CH2OH)S}] (1) with 4‐methyl‐1,2,3‐thiadiazole‐5‐carboxylic acid in the presence of 4‐dimethylaminopyridine and N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide yielded the corresponding ester [Fe2(CO)6{μ‐SCH2CHCH2O2C(4‐C2N2SCH3)S}] (2) in good yield. Further treatment of complex 2 with a phosphine ligand triphenylphosphine, tris(2‐methoxyphenyl)phosphine, or tri(p‐tolyl)phosphine and the decarbonylation reagent Me3NO·2H2O resulted in the formation of phosphine‐substituted analogues [Fe2(CO)5L{μ‐SCH2CHCH2O2C(4‐C2N2SCH3)S}] [L = PPh3, 3; P(2‐C6H4OCH3)3, 4; P(4‐C6H4CH3)3, 5] in 60 − 80% yields. The new complexes 2–5 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy and further confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry, showing that these complexes can catalyse the reduction of protons to H2 in the presence of HOAc. In addition, the fungicidal activity studies revealed that the hydroxy group possibly play a significant role in the biological activity.
Object, relations: From Alain's corriger selon l'objet1 to Winnicott's transitional object
Authors: Heifetz Aviad
Published: October 2020

We trace the notion of “object” in the thought of Alain and Winnicott. For both of them, our embeddedness within the world is a point of departure. Yet, this does not hinder for them a conceptualization of objectivity, constituted by relations, a conceptualization emanating from the body and spirit at one. But, whereas for Alain, it is a virtue to continuously strive to undo the imposition of our passions on the senseless and essence‐less exteriority, for Winnicott living well necessitates transitional objects and experiences, in which the distinction between “out there” and “in me” is not challenged.
Partial eigenstructure assignment problem for vibration system via feedback control
Authors: Yu Peizhao
Published: October 2020

The partial eigenstructure assignment problem is to replace a small number of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of system while the remaining eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors are kept unchanged. The paper studies partial eigenstructure assignment problem for vibration system via acceleration–velocity feedback control. Two new orthogonality relations are established to construct a feedback control law which can solve the proposed partial eigenstructure assignment problem. The solvability condition and parametric expressions of feedback gains are derived for solving this problem. The minimum norm partial eigenstructure assignment problem is further considered by using gradient‐based optimization method. An optimization algorithm is proposed for solving the minimum norm partial eigenstructure assignment problem. Numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
What makes businesses commit to nature conservation?
Authors: Krause Marlen S. , Droste Nils , Matzdorf Bettina
Published: October 2020

To halt the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, various actors including companies need to engage, but it is not yet clear what drives voluntary business commitments. We explore leverage points that might increase corporate action for conservation. We apply a structural equation model based on the theory of planned behaviour to analyse data from 618 German companies, collected through an online‐survey in 2019. We show that a favourable attitude, driven by perceived business relevance and benefit prospects, fosters engagement. Perceived difficulties, such as lacking finances and knowledge, hinder the engagement. Customers, employees and the general public are presently the only stakeholder groups that drive corporate conservation engagement. Nevertheless, the expectation levels of virtually all stakeholders were found to be quite low and as such inadequate for the ecological crisis we face. We discuss how political will and goal setting can encourage more widespread business support for the natural environment.