bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of Stably Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layer Turbulence on the Near-Wake Structure of Wind Turbines
Authors: Bhaganagar Kiran , Debnath Mithu
Published: September 2014

Turbulence structure in the wake behind a full-scale horizontal-axis wind turbine under the influence of real-time atmospheric inflow conditions has been investigated using actuator-line-model based large-eddy-simulations. Precursor atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) simulations have been performed to obtain mean and turbulence states of the atmosphere under stable stratification subjected to two different cooling rates. Wind turbine simulations have revealed that, in addition to wind shear and ABL turbulence, height-varying wind angle and low-level jets are ABL metrics that influence the structure of the turbine wake. Increasing stability results in shallower boundary layers with stronger wind shear, steeper vertical wind angle gradients, lower turbulence, and suppressed vertical motions. A turbulent mixing layer forms downstream of the wind turbines, the strength and size of which decreases with increasing stability. Height dependent wind angle and turbulence are the ABL metrics influencing the lateral wake expansion. Further, ABL metrics strongly impact the evolution of tip and root vortices formed behind the rotor. Two factors play an important role in wake meandering: tip vortex merging due to the mutual inductance form of instability and the corresponding instability of the turbulent mixing layer.
Biosensors for the Detection of Food Pathogens
Authors: Poltronieri Palmiro , Mezzolla Valeria , Primiceri Elisabetta , Maruccio Giuseppe
Published: September 2014

Food pathogens frequently cause foodborne diseases. There is a need to rapidly identify the source of the bacteria in order to contain their spread and epidemics. A pre-enrichment culture or a direct culture on agar plate are standard microbiological methods. In this review, we present an update on alternative molecular methods to nucleic acid-based detection for species identification. Biosensor-based methods rely on the recognition of antigen targets or receptors by antibodies, aptamers or high-affinity ligands. The captured antigens may be then directly or indirectly detected through an antibody or high-affinity and high-specificity recognition molecule. Various different detection methods are discussed, from label-free sensors and immunosensors to fluorescence-based ones. Each method shows advantages and disadvantages in terms of equipment, sensitivity, simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Finally, lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices are introduced briefly, with the potential to be fast, sensitive and useful for on-site bacteria detection in food processing laboratories to check potential contamination by sample monitoring combined with a rapid pre-enrichment step.
Family-Related Opinions and Stressful Situations Associated with Psychological Distress in Women Undergoing Infertility Treatment
Authors: Takaki Jiro , Hibino Yuri
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate how family-related opinions and stressful situations are related to psychological distress in women undergoing infertility treatment. The subjects in this cross-sectional study were recruited from female patients undergoing infertility treatment (n = 2540) at 70 infertility treatment institutions in Japan. Because of non-participation or missing data, the number of subjects included in the analysis was 635 (response rate, 25.0%). The family-related opinions and stressful situations were evaluated using the original questions. Psychological distress was assessed using a self-report measure, the Kessler Six-question Psychological Distress Scale (K6). The K6 scores of the following participants were significantly (p < 0.05) and independently high: those with more frequent miscarriage/stillbirth/abortions, those with repeated miscarriages as the cause of infertility, those with infertility of unknown causes, those living with no child, those having a low joint income with their partner, those with the opinion that “women should devote themselves to their household duties” those who had considered stopping treatment, those without the opinion that “married life without children is favorable” and those who had experienced stressful situations such as inadequate explanation by doctors, frustration of multiple failed attempts, differences of opinion with the partner, and lack of knowledge regarding when to stop treatment. Family-related opinions and stressful situations associated with psychological distress in women undergoing infertility treatment are outlined. The results of this study may contribute to the prevention of and care for psychological distress in female patients undergoing infertility treatment.
Synthesis and Reactivity of New Aminophenolate Complexes of Nickel
Authors: Yu Siqi , Wang Huan , Sledziewski Jill , Madhira Venkata , Takahashi Cyrus , Leon Michelle , Dudkina Yulia , Budnikova Yulia , Vicic David
Published: September 2014

New well-defined, paramagnetic nickel complexes have been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The complexes were found to be active for the cross-coupling of alkyl electrophiles (especially ethyl 2-bromobutyrate) with alkyl Grignard reagents. The ligand architecture in these new complexes could potentially be rendered chiral, opening up future possibilities for performing asymmetric cross-coupling reactions.
1H-NMR as a Structural and Analytical Tool of Intra- and Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds of Phenol-Containing Natural Products and Model Compounds
Authors: Charisiadis Pantelis , Kontogianni Vassiliki , Tsiafoulis Constantinos , Tzakos Andreas , Siskos Michael , Gerothanassis Ioannis
Published: September 2014

Experimental parameters that influence the resolution of 1H-NMR phenol OH signals are critically evaluated with emphasis on the effects of pH, temperature and nature of the solvents. Extremely sharp peaks (Δν1/2 ≤ 2 Hz) can be obtained under optimized experimental conditions which allow the application of 1H-13C HMBC-NMR experiments to reveal long range coupling constants of hydroxyl protons and, thus, to provide unequivocal assignment of the OH signals even in cases of complex polyphenol natural products. Intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds have a very significant effect on 1H OH chemical shifts which cover a region from 4.5 up to 19 ppm. Solvent effects on –OH proton chemical shifts, temperature coefficients (Δδ/ΔT), OH diffusion coefficients, and nJ(13C, O1H) coupling constants are evaluated as indicators of hydrogen bonding and solvation state of phenol –OH groups. Accurate 1H chemical shifts of the OH groups can be calculated using a combination of DFT and discrete solute-solvent hydrogen bond interaction at relatively inexpensive levels of theory, namely, DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G (2d,p). Excellent correlations between experimental 1H chemical shifts and those calculated at the ab initio level can provide a method of primary interest in order to obtain structural and conformational description of solute-solvent interactions at a molecular level. The use of the high resolution phenol hydroxyl group 1H-NMR spectral region provides a general method for the analysis of complex plant extracts without the need for the isolation of the individual components.
Self-Assembling Organic Micro-/Nano-Pillars on Gold and Glass Surfaces
Authors: Ji Hai-Feng , Ruan Wenli , Li Yingying , Ding Guohua
Published: September 2014

In this work, we report the formation of a family of organic micro-/nano-pillars prepared from surface-assisted self-assembly processes and factors controlling the growth of the pillars. These acids include cyanuric acid (CA), 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (TMA), 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (TA) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid (PTA). Aqueous solutions mixed with acids and melamine (M) can be fine-tuned to prepare ordered micro-/nano-pillars on substrates, which can be further optimized for their applications
Does Sufficient Evidence Exist to Support a Causal Association between Vitamin D Status and Cardiovascular Disease Risk? An Assessment Using Hill’s Criteria for Causality
Authors: Weyland Patricia , Grant William , Howie-Esquivel Jill
Published: September 2014

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels have been found to be inversely associated with both prevalent and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors; dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. This review looks for evidence of a causal association between low 25(OH)D levels and increased CVD risk. We evaluated journal articles in light of Hill’s criteria for causality in a biological system. The results of our assessment are as follows. Strength of association: many randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective and cross-sectional studies found statistically significant inverse associations between 25(OH)D levels and CVD risk factors. Consistency of observed association: most studies found statistically significant inverse associations between 25(OH)D levels and CVD risk factors in various populations, locations and circumstances. Temporality of association: many RCTs and prospective studies found statistically significant inverse associations between 25(OH)D levels and CVD risk factors. Biological gradient (dose-response curve): most studies assessing 25(OH)D levels and CVD risk found an inverse association exhibiting a linear biological gradient. Plausibility of biology: several plausible cellular-level causative mechanisms and biological pathways may lead from a low 25(OH)D level to increased risk for CVD with mediators, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Experimental evidence: some well-designed RCTs found increased CVD risk factors with decreasing 25(OH)D levels. Analogy: the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and CVD risk is analogous to that between 25(OH)D levels and the risk of overall cancer, periodontal disease, multiple sclerosis and breast cancer. Conclusion: all relevant Hill criteria for a causal association in a biological system are satisfied to indicate a low 25(OH)D level as a CVD risk factor.
Mapping Banana Plants from High Spatial Resolution Orthophotos to Facilitate Plant Health Assessment
Authors: Johansen Kasper , Sohlbach Malte , Sullivan Barry , Stringer Samantha , Peasley David , Phinn Stuart
Published: September 2014

The Banana Bunchy Top Virus (Genus: Babuvirus) reduces plant growth and prevents banana production. Because of the very large number of properties with banana plants in South East Queensland, Australia, a mapping approach was developed to delineate individual and clusters of banana plants to help plant identification and enable prioritization of plant inspections for Banana Bunchy Top Virus. Due to current outbreaks in South East Queensland, there are concerns that the virus may spread to the major banana growing districts further north. The mapping approach developed was based on very high spatial resolution airborne orthophotos. Object-based image analysis was used to: (1) detect banana plants using edge and line detection approaches; (2) produce accurate and realistic outlines around classified banana plants; and (3) evaluate the mapping results. The mapping approach was developed based on 10 image tiles of 1 km × 1 km and was applied to orthophotos (3600 image tiles) from September 2011 covering the entire Sunshine Coast Region in South East Queensland. Based on field inspections of the classified maps, a user’s mapping accuracy of 88% (n = 146) was achieved. The results will facilitate the detection of banana plants and increase the inspection rate of Banana Bunchy Top Virus in the future.
Building Change Detection from Historical Aerial Photographs Using Dense Image Matching and Object-Based Image Analysis
Authors: Nebiker Stephan , Lack Natalie , Deuber Marianne
Published: September 2014

A successful application of dense image matching algorithms to historical aerial photographs would offer a great potential for detailed reconstructions of historical landscapes in three dimensions, allowing for the efficient monitoring of various landscape changes over the last 50+ years. In this paper we propose the combination of image-based dense DSM (digital surface model) reconstruction from historical aerial imagery with object-based image analysis for the detection of individual buildings and the subsequent analysis of settlement change. Our proposed methodology is evaluated using historical greyscale and color aerial photographs and numerous reference data sets of Andermatt, a historical town and tourism destination in the Swiss Alps. In our paper, we first investigate the DSM generation performance of different sparse and dense image matching algorithms. They demonstrate the superiority of dense matching algorithms and of the resulting historical DSMs with root mean square error values of 1–1.5 GSD (ground sampling distance) and yield point densities comparable to those of recent airborne LiDAR DSMs. In the second part, we present an object-based building detection workflow mainly based on the historical DSMs and the historical imagery itself. Additional inputs are a current digital terrain model and a cadastral building database. For the case of densely matched DSMs, the evaluation yields building detection rates of 92% for grayscale and 94% for color imagery.
INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE EVOLUTION OF ROMANIAN PUBLIC ACCOUNTING
Authors: Nistor Cristina Silvia , Deaconu Adela , Mare Codruta
Published: September 2014

Using a historiography approach on public accounting, this research add value to this knowledge providing a customization of the environmental influential factors for an emergent context, the Romanian one, in specific historical phases between 1831 and 2011. The critical-interpretative picture of an extended period of 180 years is complemented by an empirical approach, an original issue in accounting history. Empirical findings based on cluster analysis confirm the existence of six influential factor groups and the intergroup interdependency and provides a fundamental explanation for the effect of factors’ combination. The political system has an influence over the economic system, which impacts accounting development, the reporting and disclosure system required by users. The connection between legal and economic factors decided the type of accounting legal system. Socio-cultural factors affected the accounting policies and decided accountancy's progress, closely linked to the educational factor whose strong influence impacted the accounting theory and practice. All this results are a benchmark for other emergent countries.
THE INFLUENCE OF PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION ON CUSTOMER PERCEPTIONS OF ACCOUNTING SERVICES QUALITY AND RETENTION DECISIONS
Authors: Groff Maja Zaman , Slapničar Sergeja , Štumberger Neža
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether professional qualification in- creases the quality of accounting services as perceived by the customers. We advance the measurement of service quality by industry-specific indicators and establish four dimen- sions of accounting service quality. We analyse the impact of professional qualification on these dimensions of quality and the impact of these dimensions on customers’ retention decisions. The analysis is based on survey data of 237 Slovenian small and micro firms that outsource accounting. We find that professional qualification is positively associated with only one of the perceived service quality dimensions – accounting competences – and only assurance, responsiveness and reliability and empathy are positively associated with customers’ retention decisions. Limitations of the study are attributed to the measure- ment of service quality as perceived by the customers. However, this is the only factor of choice that ultimately counts in the competitive market for accounting services.
Group-mediated Physical Activity Promotion and Mobility in Sedentary Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Results from the IMPACT-Pilot Trial
Authors: Focht Brian C. , Garver Matthew J. , Devor Steven T. , Dials Justin , Lucas Alexander R. , Emery Charles F. , Hackshaw Kevin V. , Rejeski W. Jack
Published: September 2014

Objective.

To compare the effects of a group-mediated cognitive behavioral exercise intervention (GMCB) with traditional center-based exercise therapy (TRAD) on objectively assessed levels of physical activity (PA) and mobility in sedentary patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods.

The Improving Maintenance of Physical Activity in Knee Osteoarthritis Trial-Pilot (IMPACT-P) was a 12-month, 2-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled pilot study designed to compare the effects of GMCB and TRAD on 80 sedentary patients with knee OA with self-reported difficulty in daily activities [mean age 63.5 yrs, 84% women, mean body mass index (BMI) 32.7 kg/m2]. Objective assessments of PA (LIFECORDER Plus Accelerometer) and mobility (400-m walk) were obtained at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months by study personnel blinded to participants’ treatment assignment.

Results.

Intent to treat 2 (treatment: GMCB and TRAD) × 2 (time: 3 mos and 12 mos) analyses of covariance of controlling for baseline, age, sex, and BMI-adjusted change in the outcomes demonstrated that the GMCB intervention yielded significantly greater increases in PA (p < 0.01) and a nonsignificant yet more favorable improvement in mobility (p = 0.09) relative to TRAD. Partial correlation analyses also revealed that change in PA was significantly correlated with the 400-m walk performance at 3-month (r = −0.51, p < 0.01) and 12-month (r = −0.40, p < 0.01) followup assessments.

Conclusion.

Findings from the IMPACT-P trial suggest that the GMCB treatment resulted in significantly greater improvement in PA and nonsignificant yet more favorable change in mobility relative to TRAD.
Comprehensive Arthritis Referral Study — Phase 2: Analysis of the Comprehensive Arthritis Referral Tool
Authors: Thompson Andrew E. , Haig Sara L. , LeRiche Nicole G.H. , Rohekar Gina , Rohekar Sherry , Pope Janet E.
Published: September 2014

Objective.

Rheumatologists triage referrals to assess those patients who may benefit from early intervention. We describe a referral tool and formally evaluate its sensitivity for urgent and early inflammatory arthritis (EIA) referrals.

Methods.

All referrals received on a standardized referral tool were reviewed by a rheumatologist and, based on the information conferred, assigned a triage grade using a previously described triage system. Each referral was also dichotomized as suspected EIA or not. After the initial rheumatologic assessment, the diagnosis was recorded and a consultation grade, blinded to referral grade, was assigned to each case. Agreement between referral and consultation grades was assessed. A regression analysis was performed to determine factors that predicted truly urgent referrals including EIA.

Results.

We evaluated 696 referrals. A total of 210 (30.2%) were categorized as urgent at the time of consultation. The referral tool was able to successfully detect 169 of these referrals (sensitivity 80.5%, specificity 79.4%). EIA occurred in 95 (13.6%); of those referrals, 86 were correctly classified as urgent at the time of triage (sensitivity 90.5%, specificity 69.6%). Items that helped correctly discriminate urgent or EIA referrals included patient age < 60, duration of disease, morning stiffness, patient-reported joint swelling, a personal or family history of psoriasis, urgency as rated by referring physician, prior assessment by a rheumatologist, elevated C-reactive protein, and a positive rheumatoid factor.

Conclusion.

A 1-page referral tool that includes parts completed by the referring physician and patient has good sensitivity to detect urgent referrals including EIA.
Promouvoir la résilience : la démarche écosystémique
Authors: Delage Michel
Published: September 2014

La résilience peut être étudiée comme phénomène, métaphore, processus, mode de pensée, ou encore sous l’angle d’un type de raisonnement intégratif et comme le résultat de pratiques transactionnelles. La démarche écosystémique présentée ici s’inspire du modèle de Bronfenbrenner. Ainsi peut-on décrire les cercles de la résilience. Dans ces différents cercles ou sphères, il est toujours question de contenance des émotions négatives, d’organisation des actions et capacités de pensée, de transformation des expériences vécues. Cela suppose que les professionnels de l’aide s’entraînent à penser une clinique de l’offre, une clinique de la relation et une clinique visant une alliance coconstructive.
Investigating Optimal Computer-Mediated Cultural Instruction to Foster Intercultural Sensitivity in Online Peer Discussions
Authors: Garrett-Rucks Paula
Published: September 2014

Online classroom discussions in response to instruction about native speakers' cultural perspectives can foster learners' intercultural understanding (McBride & Wildner-Bassett, 2008). However, Garrett-Rucks (2013) found that varying the format of the cultural instruction prior to learners' online discussions can change learning outcomes. This chapter builds on Garrett-Rucks' previous finding—that native speaker informant videos promoted learners' intercultural sensitivity more than the combined use of authentic texts and explicit cultural instruction—by investigating the use of authentic texts in the absence of explicit cultural instruction. Specifically, the present study examines the ways in which 13 language learners enrolled in a Midwestern introductory French class in the United States (US) collectively mediated NS perspectives toward family practices presented in French informant videos compared to authentic texts in online peer discussions. A content analysis of the discussion transcripts detected collective shifts in learners' intercultural sensitivity—shifts from ethnorelative and ethnocentric stages of Bennett's (1993) Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity—reflected in participants' postings. Findings from the analysis contribute to an understanding of ways to maximize learners' development of intercultural sensitivity in online peer discussions with optimal uses of computer-mediated cultural instruction outside of classroom instruction time.
Using Skype to Focus on Form in Japanese Telecollaboration
Authors: Akiyama Yuka
Published: September 2014

This chapter examines the effects of lexical categories on Focus on Form (FonF) and the use of multimodal features of Skype for preemptive and reactive Language-Related Episodes (LREs) in a task-based language exchange via Skype (i.e. telecollaboration). Twelve pairs of Japanese-as-a-foreign-language learners and native speakers of Japanese engaged in two decision-making tasks. Each task prompt included target vocabulary of different lexical categories (nouns or onomatopoeia) that participants had to negotiate for task completion. The quantitative analysis of oral interaction revealed a significant effect of lexical categories on the total number and linguistic focus (i.e. morphological, lexical, and phonological items) of preemptive LREs, as well as the correction method, linguistic focus, and the uptake rate of reactive LREs. The analysis of multimodal interaction revealed that participants often used text chat, images, and webcams to carry out telecollaborative interaction and that the lexical categories affected which of these multimodal features of Skype are used for FonF.
Use of Computer Technology for Writing Consultations
Authors: Lee Cynthia
Published: September 2014

This chapter investigates the use of computer technology for writing consultations from the tutors' perspective. Tutors' opinions of the hybrid (i.e., a combination of face-to-face and virtual consultations) and the virtual consultation modes in an English writing enhancement service in a university in Hong Kong were collected. Questionnaires were administered to 10 tutors who had used the two consultation modes. It was found that the majority of the tutors were in favor of the two modes, and that they appreciated the benefits of online writing consultations and the text-only consultation platform design. However, they also expressed reservations about replacing the traditional face-to-face writing consultations with computers, because they could not see much increase in tutee-tutor interactions via the two consultation modes. In light of their opinions, recommendations are made to improve the text-only consultation platform and to develop tutors' professional knowledge and pedagogies for online writing consultations.
Use of Tablet Computers and Mobile Apps to Support 21st Century Learning Skills
Authors: Reichert Michael , Mouza Chrystalla
Published: September 2014

In this chapter, the authors provide examples that illustrate ways in which educators can use tablets and mobile apps to redesign school experience in order to support individualized instruction, development of 21st century skills, and anytime anyplace learning. These examples are generated from a two-year examination of a tablet initiative in a private all-boys school. Using insights from human-centered views of mobile learning, the authors highlight interactions among mobile apps, learners, and peers, while examining issues of pedagogy associated with the implementation of mobile learning. They conclude with implications for researchers, educators, and practitioners involved in the implementation of mobile initiatives.
The iPad
Authors: Alon Sandra , An Heejung , Fuentes David
Published: September 2014

This chapter discusses the technology vision of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and shares guidelines for choosing apps that are most appropriate to meet those objectives. Towards this end, a specific rubric for evaluating the effectiveness of different apps is presented. Advantages of existing apps that can be incorporated into iPad instruction to enhance conceptual learning and drill mathematics processes are reviewed. Common disadvantages of existing apps are also highlighted. Specific examples of how to make the use of the iPad most efficient and avoid common pitfalls of some purported learning tools are also discussed. The chapter concludes with areas still in need of further research.
The Effects of Interactive Multimedia iPad E-Books on Preschoolers' Literacy
Authors: Estevez-Menendez Marisol , An Heejung , Strasser Janis
Published: September 2014

As tablet technology becomes more widely available for preschoolers at home and at school, it is necessary to examine the effects of these tools in early childhood education classrooms. This chapter focuses on the use of iPad electronic books (e-books) and their effects on preschoolers' understanding of vocabulary and story comprehension as well as engagement during reading activities in an urban New Jersey school. The results of this study highlight the positive ways in which iPad e-books can be used to support literacy in preschool classrooms. This chapter also includes recommendations for preschool teachers who may be considering using e-books in their classrooms.
Challenge-Based Learning Using iPad Technology in the Middle School
Authors: Bledsoe Christie , Pilgrim Jodi
Published: September 2014

Instructional models such as Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) reflect changes in traditional methods of teaching. CBL, developed by Apple, promotes problem-based learning, where collaboration and hands-on learning are key elements in the process (Larmer, Ross, & Mergendoller, 2009). Today's learners must develop information literacy and media literacy skills to communicate by way of 21st century tools, and new instructional models reflect these changes. The integration of technology in the classroom has affected education models in elementary and secondary schools across the nation. This chapter presents a mixed-methods study of a middle school involved in a one-to-one iPad initiative. In order to promote student-centered instruction through the use of technology, the middle school adopted a CBL model of instruction. This examination of teachers' concerns with pedagogy and technology depicts readiness for integration and implications of new innovations. The process of change and technology integration is addressed in this chapter.
Practices and Attitudes of Students and Teachers Using iPads in High School Mathematics Classes
Authors: Ozdemir Murtaza
Published: September 2014

This chapter reports on a study that examined the practices and attitudes of students and teachers in using iPads in high school mathematics classes. Participants in the study were 5 teachers and 80 students in a charter school in New Jersey. The study examined the students' classroom behavior and their perceptions along with the teachers' perceptions of the new class environment throughout a six-week period. The results show that the replacement of class materials with a single device helped students to become more organized and better prepared. The study also reveals that the use of iPads enabled students to interact with the materials through enriched multimedia content, which increased their interest and engagement. Utilizing iPads created a dynamic and collaborative learning environment that enhanced student-centered active learning. However, findings also show that iPads could become a source of potential distraction if used inappropriately, which creates new challenges for teachers in classroom management and instruction.
Healing Worldwide Wounds- Applied Trauma Theory and Relational Dynamics
Authors: Bathory David S.
Published: September 2014

Psychological trauma has been explored to better understand the developmental, cognitive, psychodynamic, social, neuro-biological and chemical consequences due to exposure. Large populations who are exposed to trauma are often studied for their development of subsequent symptoms and psychopathology, but non-pathological and group interventions are infrequently addressed. Applied Trauma Theory (Bathory, 2013b) provides a means and structure for applying theory into practice for non-pathological responses in trauma subjected factions. By incorporating the research from the field of trauma, correlations from neurobiology and psychological applications a culturally customized intervention may be created. Sotero's Model of Historical Trauma discusses a heightened resiliency that occurs due to exposure to traumatic events (Sotero, 2006). Augmenting these models of trauma to adjoin culturally significant values provides a means of creating interventions that are potentially able to help vast numbers of people (such as populations exposed to war and disasters). This paper reviews the biological substrates of trauma, the roles of two major neurotransmitters (norepinephrine and dopamine), and their psychological expression in regard to age and cultural influences. This paper explores the underlying principles of Relational Dynamics and its' influence on decision making. Finally it notes applications that address the needs of large numbers of people exposed to trauma, and potential uses and misuses of this theory.
High-Throughput Encryption for Cloud Computing Storage System
Authors: Jararweh Yaser , Al-Sharqawi Ola , Abdulla Nawaf , Tawalbeh Lo'ai , Alhammouri Mohammad
Published: September 2014

In recent years Cloud computing has become the infrastructure which small and medium-sized businesses are increasingly adopting for their IT and computational needs. It provides a platform for high performance and throughput oriented computing, and massive data storage. Subsequently, novel tools and technologies are needed to handle this new infrastructure. One of the biggest challenges in this evolving field is Cloud storage security, and accordingly we propose new optimized techniques based on encryption process to achieve better storage system security. This paper proposes a symmetric block algorithm (CHiS-256) to encrypt Cloud data in efficient manner. Also, this paper presents a novel partially encrypted metadata-based data storage. The (CHiS-256) cipher is implemented as part of the Cloud data storage service to offer a secure, high-performance and throughput Cloud storage system. The results of our proposed algorithm are promising and show the methods to be advantageous in Cloud massive data storage and access applications.
A Novel QoS-Based Framework for Cloud Computing Service Provider Selection
Authors: Salama Maria , Zeid Amir , Shawish Ahmed , Jiang Xiaohong
Published: September 2014

Cloud Computing is a promising computing paradigm that provides flexible, Internet-accessible resources allocation on demand on a pay-as-you-go basis. With the growth and expansion of Cloud services and participation of various services providers, the description of quality parameters and measurement units started to diverse and sometimes contradict. Such ambiguity does not only result in the raise of various QoS interoperability problems, but also in the distraction of the services consumers who find themselves unable to match their quality requirements with the providers' offerings. Influenced by such diversity, the available QoS models are limited to either cost-benefit analysis or performance evaluation, without being able to cover a comprehensive set of well-defined quality aspects. In this paper, we provide a complete framework for such problem. We firstly propose a novel QoS ontology that combine and define all of the existing quality aspects in a unified way to efficiently overcome all existing diversity. Using such ontology, we propose a comprehensive broad QoS model combining all quality parameters of both service providers and consumers for different Cloud platforms. We then propose a mathematical model addressing the Cloud Computing service provider selection optimization problem based on QoS-guarantee. The proposed model reports an efficient matching with the market-oriented different platforms characteristics; validated through extensive simulation studies conducted on benchmark data of Content Delivery Network providers.
Value Creation in Business-To-Business Crowd Sourcing
Authors: Helander Nina , Kärkkäinen Hannu , Jussila Jari
Published: September 2014

In knowledge society the utilization of social media as a communication channel between people, groups and even companies is increasing. Current innovation and social media research has already shown the potential of crowdsourcing in the business-to-consumer (B2C) markets. The authors argue in this paper, however, that crowdsourcing has a great and yet partly undiscovered potential also in the context of business-to-business (B2B) markets. In order to get the full potential, a more detailed understanding of the logic of value creation in crowdsourcing activities between multiple stakeholders in B2B context is needed. This paper presents an exploratory study that is carried out as an empirical netnography-based multiple case study. The study opens up potential future research avenues by starting the discussion of value creation logic in B2B crowdsourcing. Practical implications are created through cases revealing what kind of value companies have already been able to gain from crowdsourcing in B2B context.
Identification and Quantitative Analysis of Project Success Factors for Large Scale Projects
Authors: Shahzad Basit , Said Abass Md
Published: September 2014

Software projects require a right mix of the software resources and the expertise to increase the chances of timely completion. The interface for the resource allocation to the software projects is provided by the project factors. The identification of the comprehensive project factors for the diversified nature of projects in itself is an open research area. This paper is based on a quantitative study that helps in identifying the prominent software project factors for large scale projects. The paper then, as a result provides a list of project success factors and provides the statistical evidence to support the result of the survey.
Threat Analysis in Goal-Oriented Security Requirements Modelling
Authors: Meland Per Håkon , Paja Elda , Gjære Erlend Andreas , Paul Stéphane , Dalpiaz Fabiano , Giorgini Paolo
Published: September 2014

Goal and threat modelling are important activities of security requirements engineering: goals express why a system is needed, while threats motivate the need for security. Unfortunately, existing approaches mostly consider goals and threats separately, and thus neglect the mutual influence between them. In this paper, the authors address this deficiency by proposing an approach that extends goal modelling with threat modelling and analysis. The authors show that this effort is not trivial and a trade-off between visual expressiveness, usability and usefulness has to be considered. Specifically, the authors integrate threat modelling with the socio-technical security modelling language (STS-ml), introduce automated analysis techniques that propagate threats in the combined models, and present tool support that enables reuse of threats facilitated by a threat repository. The authors illustrate their approach on a case study from the Air Traffic Management (ATM) domain, from which they extract some practical challenges. The authors conclude that threats provide a useful foundation and justification for the security requirements that the authors derive from goal modelling, but this should not be considered as a replacement to risk assessment. The usage of goals and threats early in the development process allows raising awareness of high-level security issues that occur regardless of the chosen technology and organizational processes.
A Structured Method for Security Requirements Elicitation concerning the Cloud Computing Domain
Authors: Beckers Kristian , Côté Isabelle , Goeke Ludger , Güler Selim , Heisel Maritta
Published: September 2014

Cloud computing systems offer an attractive alternative to traditional IT-systems, because of economic benefits that arise from the cloud's scalable and flexible IT-resources. The benefits are of particular interest for SME's. The reason is that using Cloud Resources allows an SME to focus on its core business rather than on IT-resources. However, numerous concerns about the security of cloud computing services exist. Potential cloud customers have to be confident that the cloud services they acquire are secure for them to use. Therefore, they have to have a clear set of security requirements covering their security needs. Eliciting these requirements is a difficult task, because of the amount of stakeholders and technical components to consider in a cloud environment. Therefore, the authors propose a structured, pattern-based method supporting eliciting security requirements and selecting security measures. The method guides potential cloud customers to model the application of their business case in a cloud computing context using a pattern-based approach. Thus, a potential cloud customer can instantiate our so-called Cloud System Analysis Pattern. Then, the information of the instantiated pattern can be used to fill-out our textual security requirements patterns and individual defined security requirement patterns, as well. The presented method is tool-supported. Our tool supports the instantiation of the cloud system analysis pattern and automatically transfers the information from the instance to the security requirements patterns. In addition, they have validation conditions that check e.g., if a security requirement refers to at least one element in the cloud. The authors illustrate their method using an online-banking system as running example.
Nesting Strategies for Enabling Nimble MapReduce Dataflows for Large RDF Data
Authors: Ravindra Padmashree , Anyanwu Kemafor
Published: September 2014

Graph and semi-structured data are usually modeled in relational processing frameworks as “thin” relations (node, edge, node) and processing such data involves a lot of join operations. Intermediate results of joins with multi-valued attributes or relationships, contain redundant subtuples due to repetition of single-valued attributes. The amount of redundant content is high for real-world multi-valued relationships in social network (millions of Twitter followers of popular celebrities) or biological (multiple references to related proteins) datasets. In MapReduce-based platforms such as Apache Hive and Pig, redundancy in intermediate results contributes avoidable costs to the overall I/O, sorting, and network transfer overhead of join-intensive workloads due to longer workflows. Consequently, providing techniques for dealing with such redundancy will enable more nimble execution of such workflows. This paper argues for the use of a nested data model for representing intermediate data concisely using nesting-aware dataflow operators that allow for lazy and partial unnesting strategies. This approach reduces the overall I/O and network footprint of a workflow by concisely representing intermediate results during most of a workflow's execution, until complete unnesting is absolutely necessary. The proposed strategies are integrated into Apache Pig and experimental evaluation over real-world and synthetic benchmark datasets confirms their superiority over relational-style MapReduce systems such as Apache Pig and Hive.
Galatians and the περὶ ἰδεῶν λόγου of Hermogenes: A rhetoric of severity in Galatians 5–6
Authors: Du Toit Andrie
Published: September 2014

Severe style in Galatians 5–6 is investigated from the perspective of the περὶ ἰδεῶν λόγου of Hermogenes. Galatians 5:7–12 is an extreme example of what Hermogenes would categorise as vehemence. At the same time, it signifies a turning point: Harshness against the opposition peaks and is relentlessly sustained, whilst severity against Paul’s Galatian recipients is slackening, but only up to a point. A résumé of the twofold trajectory of severity in Galatians is presented. Hermogenes can significantly help us appreciate the sustained presence, form and functioning of severe language in Galatians; much better than any or a combination of the three classical genres of speech topics. In view of the correspondences between Galatians and Hermogenes, it may even be asked whether Paul was familiar with traditional rhetorical material that in some form eventually also reached Hermogenes.
Winning on our Issues with Power
Authors: Tattersall Amanda
Published: September 2014

Social movement organisations need to have a pragmatic understanding of our current weaknesses and challenge ourselves to be much more adventurous for how to build social power and transformative change. This article considers three core weaknesses of our activist organisations, including how our issue agenda is often reactive, our disconnection from place and our poor track record on collaboration. It then suggests that the hope for stronger social change lies with a proactive issue agenda, strong reciprocal coalitions and the ability to move campaigns at multiple scales (locally, regionally, nationally, globally). The article includes a variety of examples that suggest how this stronger kind of organising is possible.
Cross Cultural Collaboration: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Ho Christina
Published: September 2014

This paper introduces the next section of this special issue, which examines the politics of cross-cultural collaboration to resist racism and war. In an era defined by a ‘War on Terror’ which has transformed both foreign policy and domestic community relations, social movements need to find more effective ways of bringing activists together to respond to the Islamophobia and aggressive forms of nationalism that have emerged in countries like Australia. However, as the paper shows, collaboration across cultures is a fraught and potentially dangerous process. In outlining some of the challenges of cross-cultural collaboration, the paper aims to contribute to more informed and critical practices within social movements mobilising against the ‘War on Terror’, whether internationally or at home.
Land Rights at Last!
Authors: Norman Heidi
Published: September 2014

In 1978 the Wran Government announced an Inquiry to investigate a range of issues including Aboriginal land rights recognition, the causes of Aboriginal social and economic disadvantage, heritage protection and commonwealth and state relations. The Select Committee, chaired by state member Maurie Keane, in its ‘First Report’ that focused on land rights, not only fundamentally changed the way Government’s liaise and consult with Aboriginal people, the Committee unanimously endorsed far-reaching recommendations including the ability to recover land, compensation for cultural loss and three-tier community driven administrative structure. All of this was set in the context of Aboriginal rights to self-determination and fundamental attachment to land as a cultural relationship and historical reality. The movement for land rights was the culmination of many years of land justice activism, shifting policy at the Commonwealth level and wider international movements contesting colonial rule and racism. More specifically the land rights movement in NSW was galvanised in response to the previous Government’s renewed efforts to assimilate Aboriginal people and revoke reserve lands and the limited land rights recognition made possible through the Aboriginal Lands Trust (herein ‘the Trust’). This paper argues a more focused and pronounced campaign emerged in the mid 1970s whereby land rights ‘time had come’ as a result of Aboriginal political activism and the alliances formed with and among left social movements. This movement created the political climate for the Wran Government’s announcement of the Select Committee Inquiry in 1978.
Individualized responsibility: 'if climate protection becomes everyone's responsibility, does it end up being no-one's?'
Authors: Kent Jennifer
Published: September 2014

Whereas global compacts, such as the Kyoto Protocol, have yet to consolidate action from governments on climate change, there has been increasing emphasis and acknowledgement of the role of individuals (as citizens and consumers) as contributors to climate change and as responsible agents in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Recently, along with the acknowledgement of the threat that anthropogenic climate change presents to the planet, governments and non-government organizations have focused on personal responsibility campaigns targeting individuals and households with a view to stemming the growth of greenhouse gas emissions. The Australian Government, for example, spent $25 million in 2007 on the climate change information campaign targeted to every Australian household, ‘Be Climate Clever: “I can do that”. Such measures centre on “personal, private-sphere ….. behaviour” (Stern 2005: 10786) that focuses on the “choice of goods, services and lifestyles” (WWF-UK 2008: 10) and imply that global greenhouse gas emission reduction targets can be met through the actions of individuals. There is growing concern in some quarters about climate change programs that emphasize individual behaviour change strategies that use “simple and painless steps” (WWF-UK 2008) and “small steps add up” (Accountability and Consumers International 2007) approaches. The emergent fear is that given the urgency of the climate change problem that such approaches will mean important opportunities for citizen-led action will be lost. This paper will explore how notions of individual responsibility have arisen and what the trend towards individualized responsibility may mean for active citizenship on climate change.