bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Simulation Study of the Effects of Additive, Multiplicative, Correlated, and Uncorrelated Errors on Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Saccenti Edoardo , Timmerman Marieke E. , Camacho José
Published: October 2024

Measurement errors are ubiquitous in all experimental sciences. Depending on the particular experimental platform used to acquire data, different types of errors are introduced, amounting to an admixture of additive and multiplicative error components that can be uncorrelated or correlated. In this paper, we investigate the effect of different types of experimental error on the recovery of the subspace with principal component analysis (PCA) using numerical simulations. Specifically, we assessed how different error characteristics (variance, correlation, and correlation structure), loading structures, and data distributions influence the accuracy to estimate an error‐free (true) subspace from sampled data with PCA. Quality was assessed in terms of the mean squared reconstruction error and the congruence to the error‐free loadings, using the pseudorank and adjusting for rotational ambiguity. Analysis of variance reveals that the error variance, error correlation structure, and their interaction with the loading structure are the factors mostly affecting quality of loading estimation from sampled data. We advocate for the need to characterize and assess the nature of measurement error and the need to adapt formulations of PCA that can explicitly take into account error structures in the model fitting.
Experimental Determination of the Chiral and Achiral Shape Diagrams of Tellurium Nanocrystals
Authors: Vasiliev Daniel , Tirosh Shay , Ben‐Moshe Assaf
Published: October 2024

The interface between chirality and crystallization and mechanisms by which chirality propagates from crystal structure to overall shapes of crystals are a key topic in crystallography and stereochemistry. Recently, nanocrystals attracted attention as useful model systems for this kind of studies. Specifically, tellurium nanocrystals have been used to address questions on relations between chirality of the crystal structure and that of the overall shape. Previous studies of this system did not offer a comprehensive shape diagram and did not survey all the factors that determine whether shapes that form are chiral or not. In the current report, the distribution of chiral and achiral shapes in this system as a function of different physical and chemical parameters is determined experimentally. It is shown that there is a common logic for formation of chiral shapes, that is, growth at conditions that favor the growth of more reactive nuclei. The experiments also reveal more morphologies than previously encountered, suggesting that a systematic change of conditions in nanocrystal growth is key for identifying morphologies that exist only in a narrow range of conditions.
ML‐driven models for predicting CO2 uptake in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)
Authors: Achour Sofiene , Hosni Zied
Published: October 2024

This study advances the discourse on the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms for the predictive analysis of CO2 uptake in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), with a nuanced focus on the CATBoost model's capability to navigate the complexities inherent in MOFs' heterogeneous landscape. Building upon and extending the comparative analysis, our investigation underscores the CATBoost model's remarkable prediction robustness, characterized by a significant reduction in root mean square error (RMSE) and an enhanced R‐squared (R2) value, thereby affirming its superior accuracy and reliability in forecasting CO2 adsorption. A pivotal aspect of our research is the integration of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values for a detailed assessment of feature importance, which not only corroborated ‘pressure’ and ‘surface area’ as pivotal determinants of CO2 uptake but also illuminated the model's advanced analytical capabilities in handling categorical features and mitigating overfitting, even within a dataset marked by intricate and non‐linear patterns. Our quantitative and conceptual analysis, showcasing up to a 15% improvement in RMSE over previous models, reveals the CATBoost model's unparalleled efficiency in discerning the multifaceted interplay of factors influencing CO2 adsorption. This is crucial for the strategic engineering of MOFs with optimized properties. Beyond ‘pressure’ and ‘surface area’, our SHAP analysis highlighted other descriptors with substantial values, elucidating their contributions to CO2 uptake and providing invaluable insights for the MOF design process.
A novel superposition coding scheme based on polar code for multi‐user detection in underwater acoustic OFDM communication system
Authors: Meiqi Wen , Siyu Xing , Bo Wei , Yanting Yu
Published: October 2024

Superposition coding (SC) is a non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme for the downlink communication system, which allows signals of different users to be stacked and forwarded simultaneously in the same frequency band. The codeword for each user is assigned a different weight at the transmitter to avoid signal conflicts and interference after stacking, and successive interference cancellation (SIC) is adopted to decode. A novel SC scheme based on polar code, suitable for the downlink multi‐user underwater acoustic (UWA) communication system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), is proposed in this paper. Polar code is utilized to create a nested code structure that is divided into several subsets. We exploit this feature of the polar codes and assign each subset to the corresponding user in the channel coding process. The information bits are placed on the independent subset for each user, and the random bits are placed on the subset of other users while all the users share the same set of frozen bits. Then, the codewords are stacked with different weights. The selection range of power factors can be expanded through the double superposition of the coding and the power domains, and higher system throughput and fairness can be achieved. The simulation and tank experiment results significantly verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, making it most suitable for the downlink UWA multi‐user communication systems.
A Density Functional Benchmark for Dehydrogenation and Dehalogenation Reactions on Coinage Metal Surfaces
Authors: Chen Lin , Rosen Johanna , Björk Jonas
Published: October 2024

The on‐surface synthesis of low‐dimensional organic nanostructures has been extensively investigated through both experimental and theoretical methods, particularly by density functional theory (DFT). However, the complex mixture of interactions often poses challenges within the DFT framework, and there is a knowledge‐gap regarding how the choice of DFT approach affects the computed results. Here, five different approaches including vdW interactions, i. e., PBE+D3, PBE+vdWsurf, rev‐vdWDF2, r2SCAN+rVV10 and BEEF‐vdW, are employed to describe three prototypical on‐surface reactions; dehydrogenation of benzene, debromination of bromobenzene, and deiodination of iodobenzene on the (111) facets of the coinage metals. Overall, rev‐vdW‐DF2 outperforms the other methods in describing benzene adsorption, whereas BEEF‐vdW falls short. For dehydrogenation and debromination on Cu(111), all functionals except BEEF‐vdW give reasonable activation energies compared to experiments. A similar trend is observed for Ag(111) and Au(111), with BEEF‐vdW yielding significantly higher activation and reaction energies. For dehalogenation, all the five vdW approaches correctly capture the reactivity trend – Cu(111)>Ag(111)>Au(111) – and the expected hierarchy between bromobenzene desorption and carbon‐bromine activation. Only BEEF‐vdW fails to predict the faster kinetics of deiodination than the iodobenzene desorption. Our work forms a basis for evaluating density functionals in describing chemical reactions on surfaces.
The effects of perceived corporate social responsibility and Confucian ethics on psychological meaningfulness and employee engagement: A moderated‐mediation study
Authors: Wei Ying , Lin Chun‐Yu
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to explore whether perceived corporate social responsibility (PCSR) and Confucian values impact employee engagement. Specifically, we investigated the relationships among PCSR, psychological meaningfulness, and employee engagement, as well as the moderating effects of Confucian Ren‐Yi ethics on these relationships by using the social identity theory, Job Demands‐Resources (JD‐R) model and the stimulus‐organism‐response(S‐O‐R) model. A valid survey was conducted among 664 full‐time employees of 228 companies in 72 different cities in China from all walks of life. The findings reveal that PCSR was positively associated with psychological meaningfulness and employee engagement. Confucian Ren‐Yi ethics was positively associated with employee engagement, and psychological meaningfulness mediated the effect of PCSR on employee engagement. Moreover, we found that the positive relationship between PCSR and employee engagement through psychological meaningfulness was stronger for high‐level Confucian Ren‐Yi ethics than for low‐level Confucian Ren‐Yi ethics (i.e., moderated mediation). By verifying the impact of Confucian Ren‐Yi ethics and PCSR on employees' work attitudes, this study makes up for the deficiency of existing literature on CSR and Confucian values and enriches the micro research on CSR. Based on our findings, companies should consider improving employee engagement by implementing social responsibility and aligning their policies with Confucian Ren‐Yi ethics.
Research Progress of High‐entropy Oxides for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Xiaozhen , Wang Xuexue , Lv Xiaomeng
Published: October 2024

High‐entropy oxides (HEOs), similar to high‐entropy materials (HEMs), have “four‐core effects”, i. e., high‐entropy effect, delayed diffusion effect, lattice distortion effect and cocktail effect, which have attracted more and more attention in the scientific field of renewable energy technology due to their unique structural characteristics, variable chemical composition and corresponding functional properties. HEOs have become potential candidates for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is a key half reaction for electrolytic CO2, nitrogen reduction, and water electrolysis. However, the precise synthesis of HEOs with a wide range of components and structures is challenging, not to mention their active and stable operation for OER. In this paper, we review the recent advancements in the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution facilitated by HEOs in water electrolysis. We analyze these developments from the perspectives of activity and stability in acid and alkaline conditions, respectively. Furthermore, we summarize the design from the aspect of element composition, structure, morphology, and catalyst‐support interactions, along with related reaction mechanism of HEOs. Additionally, we discuss the current challenges faced by HEOs in the field of OER and suggest potential directions for the future development of HEOs beyond water electrolysis application.
Surface Ligands for Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Pan Qingyan , Zhao Qian , Wei Pengxiang , Li Guoran
Published: October 2024

The combination of the quantum confinement effect of quantum dots (QDs) and unique photoelectric properties of perovskite semiconductors make perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) a promising candidate for photoelectric devices. To truly unlock their potential, a deep understanding of structure‐property relationship is paramount. Among the various factors influencing this relationship, the role of surface ligands cannot be overstated. The polarity, conductivity, stability, and interaction effects of these ligands with QD surfaces create complicated ligand‐QDs relationships, which greatly influences the successful synthesis of QDs. In essence, the surface chemistry of ligands serves as a critical determinant in shaping the properties of both the resulting QDs and QD‐based devices. To address this, our paper introduces an innovative approach to studying ligands, utilizing their inherent functional groups as a classification criterion. It is begun by discussing the types of surface defects of PQDs and the functional groups used for passivation, emphasizing the importance of analyzing ligands based on their functional groups. Then the passivation mechanisms of ligands with various functional groups and their impact on enhancing QD performance are delved into. Ultimately, this paper summarizes and offers several design principles and rules for PQDs surface ligands that can be applied in most scenarios.
The Relationship Between Racial Attitudes and Disordered Eating Behaviors in Black Men and Black Women
Authors: Yeboah Adwoah B. , Parker Jordan E. , Matos Leezet M. , Wilson Patrick A. , Tomiyama A. Janet
Published: October 2024

Objective

Black individuals remain underrepresented in disordered eating research, despite evidence that both Black men and women present with disordered eating behaviors. Culturally‐informed theoretical frameworks suggest that these behaviors may be linked to race‐related sociocultural experiences, such as aspects of racial identity. While studies have focused on racial identity commitment, the association between attitudes toward one's racial identity and disordered eating remains underexplored. The present study examines whether positive attitudes toward one's Blackness and Black culture are associated with disordered eating.

Method

In a cross‐sectional online sample of Black men and women (N = 458), we measured self‐reported attitudes toward Blackness (i.e., centrality and private regard) and disordered eating behaviors (i.e., purging, binge eating, excessive exercise, and drive for thinness).

Results

In pre‐registered linear regression models, private regard was negatively associated with purging and binge eating. Across all models, centrality was not associated with disordered eating. On average, Black women reported greater drive for thinness whereas Black men reported higher excessive exercise scores.

Discussion

This is the first study to demonstrate associations between racial attitudes and disordered eating among Black men and women. Our findings affirm unique correlates of disordered eating among Black people and suggest that positive attitudes toward one's Blackness and Black culture may be a protective factor against the development of disordered eating.
No impact of cyantraniliprole on the hibernation success of bumble bees (Bombus terrestris audax) in a soil‐mediated laboratory exposure study
Authors: Linguadoca Alberto , Morrison Morgan A. , Menaballi Luca , Šima Peter , Brown Mark J. F.
Published: October 2024

Increasing evidence shows that wild bees, including bumble bees, are in decline due to a range of stressors, including pesticides. Our knowledge of pesticide impacts has consequently grown to enable the design of increasingly realistic risk assessment methods. However, one area where knowledge gaps may still hinder our ability to assess the full range of bee‐pesticide interactions is the field of exposure. Exposure has historically been linked to either direct contact with pesticides or the ingestion of contaminated pollen and nectar by bees. However, bumble bees, and other wild bees, may also be exposed to pesticides while using contaminated soil as an overwintering substrate. Yet knowledge of how soil‐mediated exposure affects bumble bee health is lacking. Here we take one of the first steps towards addressing this knowledge gap by designing a method for testing the effects of soil‐mediated pesticide exposure on bumble bee queen hibernation success. We measured hibernation survival, body weight change and abdominal fat content and found that none of these responses were affected by a field realistic soil exposure to the novel insecticide cyantraniliprole. Our study may help in developing a standardised method to test the effects of the soil‐mediated pesticide exposure route in bumble bee queens.
The Effect of the Surrounding Matrix on Spin Transition Nanoparticles: How Shell Characteristics Alter Core Elastic Properties in Core‐Shell Particles
Authors: Cain John M. , He Wanhong , Meisel Mark W. , Talham Daniel R.
Published: October 2024

A surrounding matrix is known to alter nanoparticle spin transitions, the solid state structural phase changes associated with transitions between high spin (HS) and low spin(LS) states. To better quantify how the spin transition solid and surrounding matrix interact, several series of core‐shell particles were prepared based on RbxCo[Fe(CN)6]z ⋅ nH2O, RbCoFe‐PBA, as spin transition core with isostructural shells of different compositions and thicknesses. Synchrotron PXRD through the thermal high HS to LS, the LS to photoexcited high spin (PXHS), and thermal PXHS to LS transitions, show the activation energy is lowered as shells become thicker and stiffer. Calorimetry data coupled with transition state theory analysis indicate the core stiffens in the core‐shell particles relative to the uncoated particles. The conclusion is supported by microstrain analysis that shows stiffer shells limit the extent to which the core distorts as individual sites transition, leading to the lower activation energy. Finally, differences in lattice mismatch with different shell materials are shown to alter the mechanism by which the transition progresses.
Experimental study on electricity generation performance of T‐type direct‐expansion solar PVT heat pump system
Authors: Zhang Dianguang , Zhou Yiheng , Yu Zongjun , Ma Tianyan , Wang Xuyang
Published: October 2024

Focusing on the electricity generation performance of a direct expansion solar PVT heat pump system, a novel T‐type optimized collector/evaporator was designed. The experiment used refrigerant R410a as the working medium and was conducted under the average winter ambient temperature of 16°C in Fuzhou. Through experimental comparison, the differences in panel temperature, electricity generation, and efficiency under different radiation intensities were tested against traditional PV panels and honeycomb PVT panels. The experimental results showed that the T‐type PVT system exhibited significant advantages under various weather conditions. The back panel temperature was reduced by 12.74, 8.52, and 13.06°C compared to traditional PV panels and honeycomb PVT panels, respectively, and it maintained a stable increase in electricity generation. The maximum instantaneous electricity output increased by 56.6% relatively, and the total electricity generation increased by 9.3% to 14.5% compared to traditional PV panels. The photoelectric efficiency reached 21.54% and 22.6%, surpassing traditional PV panels and honeycomb PVT panels, with measured values relatively increased by 1.7%, 2.38%, and 2.76%, respectively. Economic evaluation indicated that the T‐type PVT system could save on self‐generated electricity costs, achieving savings of up to 386.50 and 210.81 yuan/year compared to traditional PV panels and honeycomb PVT panels. The T‐type PVT system demonstrated clear advantages in self‐generated electricity costs, significantly reducing costs for application scenarios and providing strong support for the practical application of renewable energy technologies.
Bioprocess strategies for enhanced performance in single‐use bioreactors for biomolecule synthesis: A biokinetic approach
Authors: Dutta Debashis , Kumar Prashant , Singh Ajay , Khade Shankar
Published: October 2024

Single‐use bioreactors (SUB) have made a significant impact on the field of bioprocessing, becoming increasingly popular for biomolecule synthesis due to their many advantages, such as minimizing contamination risks and streamlining processes. Extensive research has been conducted on the hydrodynamic conditions within single‐use bioreactors, with a focus on parameters like mixing time, oxygen transfer rate, and stress levels to improve cell cultivation procedures. Several studies have demonstrated that SUB can effectively nurture various cell types, including those that generate monoclonal antibodies, yielding outcomes similar to conventional bioreactor systems, thus highlighting their adaptability and effectiveness in biomolecule processing. SUB equipped with wave mechanisms have shown to display comparable metabolic behaviors and fermentation consistency to conventional bioreactors, confirming their dependability in supporting fungal growth and metabolite generation. Mechanical stirring for agitation leads to high shear forces alongside enhanced monitoring and control, influencing microbial physiology and macro‐morphologies. This underscores the importance of operational factors such as rocking speed, rocking angle, and gas flow rate. Overall, the integration of single‐use bioreactors in biomolecule synthesis is expected to expand, driven by the need for increased yields and cost‐effective manufacturing solutions.
Pharmacological antagonism of Ccr2+ cell recruitment to facilitate regenerative tendon healing
Authors: Smolyak Gilbert , Rodenhouse Andrew , Nichols Anne E. C. , Ketonis Constantinos , Loiselle Alayna E.
Published: October 2024

Successful tendon healing requires sufficient deposition and remodeling of new extracellular matrix at the site of injury, with this process mediating in part through fibroblast activation via communication with macrophages. Moreover, resolution of healing requires clearance or reversion of activated cells, with chronic interactions with persistent macrophages impairing resolution and facilitating the conversion to fibrotic healing. As such, modulation of the macrophage environment represents an important translational target to improve the tendon healing process. Circulating monocytes are recruited to sites of tissue injury, including the tendon, via upregulation of cytokines including Ccl2, which facilitates recruitment of Ccr2+ macrophages to the healing tendon. Our prior work has demonstrated that Ccr2−/− can modulate fibroblast activation and myofibroblast differentiation. However, this approach lacked temporal control and resulted in healing impairments. Thus, in the current study we have leveraged a Ccr2 antagonist to blunt macrophage recruitment to the healing tendon in a time‐dependent manner. We first tested the effects of Ccr2 antagonism during the acute inflammatory phase and found that this had no effect on the healing process. In contrast, Ccr2 antagonism during the early proliferative/granulation tissue period resulted in significant improvements in mechanical properties of the healing tendon. Collectively, these data demonstrate the temporally distinct impacts of modulating Ccr2+ cell recruitment and Ccr2 antagonism during tendon healing and highlight the translational potential of transient Ccr2 antagonism to improve the tendon healing process.
Spent coffee grounds as an alternative fertilizer: impact on bioaccessibility of antioxidants and commercial quality of lettuce
Authors: Patrignani Mariela , Hasperué Héctor Joaquín , Cervera‐Mata Ana , Pastoriza Silvia , Rufián Henares José Ángel
Published: October 2024

Background

During the processing of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) several residues are obtained, which are mostly disposed of in landfills. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive waste management strategy for these residues. This study evaluates the potential of SCGs as a biofertilizer by assessing their effects on lettuce leaves and the release of antioxidants following in vitro digestion and fermentation.

Results

Lettuce plants were grown with different amounts of SCGs (0–150 g kg−1) in the substrate. High SCG concentrations in the soil generated lighter colored tissues, a decrease in the green color, less root development, and lower dry weight of leaves (P < 0.05). The SCG levels also affected the release of antioxidants by the final product. This effect was more pronounced in the digested fraction: applying the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method, the addition of SCGs from 10 g kg−1 to 125 g kg−1 increased the amount of antioxidant from 43.88 ± 4.81 to 105.96 ± 29.09 μmol Trolox g−1 of dry weight (P < 0.05). The Indigo Carmine Reducing Capacity (ICRED) method also showed a similar trend, but in this case the highest value was obtained with 150 g kg−1 of SCGs (16.41 ± 3.93 mmol catechin g−1 of dry weight) (P < 0.05). Moreover, in the fermented fraction a significant increase in the antioxidant released was found with low levels of SCG(P<0.05), while lettuces fertilized with intermediate amounts of SCGs (25 and 50 g kg−1) presented the highest amount of insoluble antioxidant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

A compromise should be found in order to achieve a product with a high antioxidant capacity and an acceptable visual quality. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Radiofrequency ablation: mechanisms and clinical applications
Authors: Wu Jianhua , Zhou Zhiyuan , Huang Yuanwen , Deng Xinyue , Zheng Siting , He Shangwen , Huang Genjie , Hu Binghui , Shi Min , Liao Wangjun , Huang Na
Published: October 2024

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), a form of thermal ablation, employs localized heat to induce protein denaturation in tissue cells, resulting in cell death. It has emerged as a viable treatment option for patients who are ineligible for surgery in various diseases, particularly liver cancer and other tumor‐related conditions. In addition to directly eliminating tumor cells, RFA also induces alterations in the infiltrating cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), which can significantly impact treatment outcomes. Moreover, incomplete RFA (iRFA) may lead to tumor recurrence and metastasis. The current challenge is to enhance the efficacy of RFA by elucidating its underlying mechanisms. This review discusses the clinical applications of RFA in treating various diseases and the mechanisms that contribute to the survival and invasion of tumor cells following iRFA, including the roles of heat shock proteins, hypoxia, and autophagy. Additionally, we analyze‌ the changes occurring in infiltrating cells within the TME after iRFA. Finally, we provide a comprehensive summary of clinical trials involving RFA in conjunction with other treatment modalities in the field of cancer therapy, aiming to offer novel insights and references for improving the effectiveness of RFA.
Sinc method in spectrum completion and inverse Sturm–Liouville problems
Authors: Kravchenko Vladislav V. , Murcia‐Lozano L. Estefania
Published: October 2024

Cardinal series representations for solutions of the Sturm–Liouville equation
with a complex‐valued potential
are obtained, by using the corresponding transmutation operator. Consequently, partial sums of the series approximate the solutions uniformly with respect to
in any strip
of the complex plane. This property of the obtained series representations leads to their applications in a variety of spectral problems. In particular, we show their applicability to the spectrum completion problem, consisting in computing large sets of the eigenvalues from a reduced finite set of known eigenvalues, without any information on the potential
as well as on the constants from boundary conditions. Among other applications this leads to an efficient numerical method for computing a Weyl function from two finite sets of the eigenvalues. This possibility is explored in the present work and illustrated by numerical tests. Finally, based on the cardinal series representations obtained, we develop a method for the numerical solution of the inverse two‐spectra Sturm–Liouville problem and show its numerical efficiency.
A new approach to the directional derivative of fractional order
Authors: Toplama Aykut
Published: October 2024

The fractional derivative approximations offer many approaches to understanding real‐world problems. The conformable fractional derivative operator that is one of the fractional derivative operators has recently attracted a lot of interesting. In this paper, a new approach to the directional derivative obtained with the help of the conformal fractional derivative is presented. Considering this approach, the definition of the fractional partial derivative is reformulated. In addition, a new definition of fractional gradient, fractional curl, and fractional divergence is given, and the properties of these new concepts are examined.
Hybrid TBETI domain decomposition for huge 2D scalar variational inequalities
Authors: Dostál Zdeněk , Sadowská Marie , Horák David , Kružík Jakub
Published: October 2024

The unpreconditioned H‐TFETI‐DP (hybrid total finite element tearing and interconnecting dual‐primal) domain decomposition method introduced by Klawonn and Rheinbach turned out to be an effective solver for variational inequalities discretized by huge structured grids. The basic idea is to decompose the domain into non‐overlapping subdomains, interconnect some adjacent subdomains into clusters on a primal level, and enforce the continuity of the solution across both the subdomain and cluster interfaces by Lagrange multipliers. After eliminating the primal variables, we get a reasonably conditioned quadratic programming (QP) problem with bound and equality constraints. Here, we first reduce the continuous problem to the subdomains' boundaries, then discretize it using the boundary element method, and finally interconnect the subdomains by the averages of adjacent edges. The resulting QP problem in multipliers with a small coarse grid is solved by specialized QP algorithms with optimal complexity. The method can be considered as a three‐level multigrid with the coarse grids split between primal and dual variables. Numerical experiments illustrate the efficiency of the presented H‐TBETI‐DP (hybrid total boundary element tearing and interconnecting dual‐primal) method and nice spectral properties of the discretized Steklov–Poincaré operators as compared with their finite element counterparts.
The TRUNC element in any dimension and application to a modified Poisson equation
Authors: Li Hongliang , Ming Pingbing , Zhou Yinghong
Published: October 2024

We introduce a novel TRUNC finite element in dimensions, encompassing the traditional TRUNC triangle as a particular instance. By establishing the weak continuity identity, we identify it as crucial for error estimate. This element is utilized to approximate a modified Poisson equation defined on a convex polytope, originating from the nonlocal electrostatics model. We have substantiated a uniform error estimate and conducted numerical tests on both the smooth solution and the solution with a sharp boundary layer, which align with the theoretical predictions.
Effects of biopsychosocial approach on cognition among Parkinson's population
Authors: Elango Jayadharshini , Abathsagayam Kumaresan , Vishnuram Surya , Suganthirababu Prathap , Natarajan Senthilkumar
Published: October 2024

Background

Cognitive decline is a debilitating symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cognitive impairment in PD has a significant impact on many aspects of an individual's life, social interactions, and overall quality of life (QOL). It is also associated with a faster disease progression and an increased risk of developing dementia. A biopsychosocial approach is likely to address not only the underlying biological mechanisms of cognitive impairment in PD but also the psychological and social factors that can contribute to cognitive decline and influence treatment outcomes.

Method

This experimental study was conducted on 60 older adults with PD at Saveetha medical college and hospital. Participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into two groups of Biopsychosocial (n = 30) and conventional (n = 30). Participants in the intervention group received the multiple interventions based on the biopsychosocial approach with a duration of 60 min per session. Pre and post‐test evaluation conducted using Scales for Outcomes in PD‐cognition (SCOPA‐cog) and Parkinson disease QOL Questionnaire (PDQ‐8).

Result

The results of the study showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the median scores within the Groups for the outcome measures SCOPA‐cog and PDQ‐8 (p < 0.001). For SCOPA‐cog, the BPS group median score increased from 30 to 36, while the Conventional group median score increased from 31 to 33. For PDQ‐8, the BPS group median reduced from 27 to 14, compared to the Conventional group's reduced from 30 to 24. On comparison between the post‐test values, the biopsychosocial approach group showed more improvement in cognition and QOL with (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The findings of this study concluded that the biopsychosocial approach is effective in improving cognition and QOL among the Parkinson population.
Asynchronous time dependent switched model predictive control for nonlinear systems considering feasibility constraints
Authors: Rahdan Ali , Abedi Mostafa
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a model predictive control for nonlinear asynchronous switched systems, aiming to achieve H∞ performance and addressing feasibility issues. The method proposed guarantees the recursive feasibility of each sub‐system after switching moments in the presence of exogenous disturbances and unknown matched and mismatched time intervals due to asynchronous switching. The boundaries of the feasibility region for each sub‐system are determined in order to impose constraints on decision parameters and switching signals. These constraints aim to maximize the mentioned region while ensuring stability. Additionally, by identifying the common region of feasibility among different sub‐systems, conditions are established for initializing the sub‐systems at the switching moments to ensure that the system states remain within this feasibility region even under the worst switching scenario. Therefore, by ensuring the initial feasibility at the switching moments and demonstrating recursive feasibility, the overall feasibility of the developed MPC is guaranteed at all times. The benefits of the proposed approach are thoroughly investigated through the simulation of a chemical system. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Collaborative Design Capacity for Enactment Framework: An Analytic Tool for Conceptualizing Pedagogical Design Capacity Within Social Context
Authors: Ellingson Charlene , Roehrig Gillian
Published: October 2024

This study examines an urban middle school teacher design team's capacity for creating integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics curricula. Using Brown's pedagogical design capacity (PDC) theory, which highlights interactions between personal and curricular resources, this paper introduces an extended framework that includes social interactions as key influences on teachers' design abilities. Findings show that individual teachers' spontaneous curriculum modifications were adopted by the team, becoming collective resources for ongoing redesign and improving their design capacity. Teachers effectively used each other as resources to address unexpected challenges in integrating science, engineering, and mathematics concepts. Three types of social interactions were identified as collaborative resources: (i) Storytelling: sharing experiences to make abstract concepts actionable for curriculum development; (ii) Protocols: structured methods to address curricular problems related to integration; and (iii) Assessment “for” curriculum redesign: using assessment tools to inform and improve the curriculum. The Collective Design Capacity for Enactment framework is introduced to describe PDC within a social context, highlighting the importance of social interactions in bridging curriculum use and development, thus extending the literature on PDC.
A Comprehensive Formal Specification of ARINC 653 With Conformity Proof
Authors: Feng Zhang , Yongwang Zhao , Yang Liu , Jun Sun
Published: October 2024

As the predominant standard for partitioning operating systems, ARINC 653 has been applied in many critical domains. However, its reliance on informal textual languages presents challenges for ensuring both the correctness of the standard itself and the conformity of a specification or an OS to this standard. This paper addresses the gap through formal work on the ARINC 653 standard. We provide a comprehensive formal specification of multi‐core ARINC 653 Part 1–5 using Isabelle/HOL that encompasses all the 68 services and covers all components outlined in the standard, then conduct a formal proof of conformity of the specification according to ARINC 653 Part 3A. Our work marks the first comprehensive multi‐core ARINC 653 specification with a formal conformity proof. Notably, we identify and address three defects in the standard document during the formal specification and proof.
Digital twins for engineering structures—An Industry 4.0 perspective
Authors: Wimmer Johannes , Braml Thomas
Published: October 2024

The term “digital twin” is becoming increasingly prevalent in both research and politics with regard to infrastructure structures. Industry is making significant advancements in the fields of automation and autonomy. While numerous definitions are in circulation, some of which are identical, many are similar in nature. This work examines the digital twin from its original industry perspective and considers its relevance to the constructional engineering sector. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the current approaches in the Industry 4.0 and constructional engineering industry, examining the associated technical opportunities and challenges. The study compares the definitions, requirements and projects executed in this field. The technologies under examination are contrasted on the basis of their position within the data model. The preliminary findings suggest that some solutions for Industry 4.0 have already been developed for the construction engineering sector. However, it must be acknowledged that some solutions have yet to be fully validated.
Core Loss Analysis of Axial Modular Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Machine Considering the Impact of No‐Magnetic Ring
Authors: Su Peng , Yang Tianyu , Li Yongjian
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the relationship between the distributions of the core loss and the flux density harmonic amplitude along the axial direction in an axial‐modular flux‐switching permanent‐magnet (AM‐FSPM) machine. The flux leakage in the no‐magnetic ring leads to an uneven distribution of flux density in the core due to the modular cooperation structure. Subsequently, variations in the fundamental flux density amplitudes in the PM field and the armature reaction field are obtained with changes in the thickness of the no‐magnetic ring. In addition, the impact of no‐magnetic ring thickness on machine torque and core loss is analyzed to determine the optimal thickness for the no‐magnetic ring. Finally, the validity of the theoretical analysis is confirmed by experimental validation. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Green hydrogen revolution: Mapping G20 nations' policies and geopolitical strategies in the net‐zero emission era
Authors: Yalamati Hari Pavan Sriram , Vij Rakesh Kumar , Srivastava Rohit
Published: October 2024

The transition towards net‐zero carbon emissions is increasingly defined by the emergence of green hydrogen as a pivotal technology. This review article explores the policies and geopolitical strategies of G20 nations in navigating the Green Hydrogen Revolution. Green hydrogen, produced through renewable energy‐powered electrolysis, promises to decarbonize sectors traditionally reliant on fossil fuels. This article examines how G20 countries are positioning themselves within this transformative energy landscape, emphasizing policy frameworks, investment trends, and technological advancements. Geopolitical implications, including international cooperation, competition, and energy security considerations, are analyzed to understand the evolving global dynamics of energy transition. By mapping out the diverse approaches of G20 nations, this article provides insights into the complex interplay between domestic policies and global energy strategies in achieving sustainable development goals and addressing climate change challenges in the 21st century.

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Climate and Environment > Net Zero Planning and Decarbonization

Policy and Economics > Energy Transitions

Sustainable Development > Goals
An efficient water quality index forecasting and categorization using optimized Deep Capsule Crystal Edge Graph neural network
Authors: Nanjappachetty Anusha , Sundar Suvitha , Vankadari Nagaraju , Bathey Ramesh Bapu Tapas Bapu , Shanmugam Pradeep
Published: October 2024

The world's freshwater supply, predominantly sourced from rivers, faces significant contamination from various economic activities, confirming that the quality of river water is critical for public health, environmental sustainability, and effective pollution control. This research addresses the urgent need for accurate and reliable water quality monitoring by introducing a novel method for estimating the water quality index (WQI). The proposed approach combines cutting‐edge optimization techniques with Deep Capsule Crystal Edge Graph neural networks, marking a significant advancement in the field. The innovation lies in the integration of a Hybrid Crested Porcupine Genghis Khan Shark Optimization Algorithm for precise feature selection, ensuring that the most relevant indicators of water quality (WQ) are utilized. Furthermore, the use of the Greylag Goose Optimization Algorithm to fine‐tune the neural network's weight parameters enhances the model's predictive accuracy. This dual optimization framework significantly improves WQI prediction, achieving a remarkable mean squared error (MSE) of 6.7 and an accuracy of 99%. By providing a robust and highly accurate method for WQ assessment, this research offers a powerful tool for environmental authorities to proactively manage river WQ, prevent pollution, and evaluate the success of restoration efforts.

Practitioner Points

Novel method combines optimization and Deep Capsule Crystal Edge Graph for WQI estimation.

Preprocessing includes data cleanup and feature selection using advanced algorithms.

Deep Capsule Crystal Edge Graph neural network predicts WQI with high accuracy.

Greylag Goose Optimization fine‐tunes network parameters for precise forecasts.

Proposed method achieves low MSE of 6.7 and high accuracy of 99%.
Evaluating Public Policies for Sustainable Mobility: A Review Through Some Interdisciplinary Methodologies and Procedures
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Faus Mireia , Useche Sergio A. , Velarte José Luis , Alonso Mónica
Published: October 2024

We recommend acknowledging the importance of evaluation as an undisputable need in developing sustainable mobility policies. To achieve this policy recommendation, we propose to take into account the following: (1) Evaluations must be comprehensive, multidisciplinary, continuous, summative, rigorous, and economically feasible, led by those responsible for its design and implementation; (2) The incorporation of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) as a structured tool to evaluate the success of policies is recommended; (3) Continuous innovation should be encouraged in policy development and evaluation processes, taking advantage of potential new technological advances to ensure that policies are current, relevant, and effective over time; (4) Emphasize the relevance of involving all stakeholders and incorporating social and community perceptions through different tools and feedback mechanisms; and (5) Conducting a cost–benefit analysis is essential to maximize the effectiveness of budgets that are limited by definition and in reality.
An FONLL prescription with coexisting flavor number PDFs
Authors: Barontini Andrea , Candido Alessandro , Hekhorn Felix , Magni Giacomo , Stegeman Roy
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We present a new prescription to account for heavy quark mass effects in the determination of parton distribution functions (PDFs) based on the FONLL scheme. Our prescription makes explicit use of the freedom to choose the number of active flavors at a given scale and, thus, use coexisting PDFs with different active flavor number. This new prescription is perturbatively equivalent to the former but improves the implementation in two ways. First, it can be naturally generalized to account simultaneously for multiple heavy quark effects, such as charm and bottom effects, which can both be relevant at the same scale due to the small mass difference. Second, it can be trivially generalized to use at any fixed-order or collinear resummed accuracy, while previous prescriptions required ad-hoc expansions of the DGLAP evolution kernels for each coefficient. We supplement the paper with codes for the computation of deep inelastic scattering observables in this new prescription.
Gravitational scattering and beyond from extreme mass ratio effective field theory
Authors: Cheung Clifford , Parra-Martinez Julio , Rothstein Ira Z. , Shah Nabha , Wilson-Gerow Jordan
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We explore a recently proposed effective field theory describing electromagnetically or gravitationally interacting massive particles in an expansion about their mass ratio, also known as the self-force (SF) expansion. By integrating out the deviation of the heavy particle about its inertial trajectory, we obtain an effective action whose only degrees of freedom are the lighter particle together with the photon or graviton, all propagating in a Coulomb or Schwarzschild background. The 0SF dynamics are described by the usual background field method, which at 1SF is supplemented by a “recoil operator” that encodes the wobble of the heavy particle, and similarly computable corrections appearing at 2SF and higher. Our formalism exploits the fact that the analytic expressions for classical backgrounds and particle trajectories encode dynamical information to all orders in the couplings, and from them we extract multiloop integrands for perturbative scattering. As a check, we study the two-loop classical scattering of scalar particles in electromagnetism and gravity, verifying known results. We then present new calculations for the two-loop classical scattering of dyons, and of particles interacting with an additional scalar or vector field coupling directly to the lighter particle but only gravitationally to the heavier particle.
Quantum extremal modular curvature: modular transport with islands
Authors: Aalsma Lars , Keeler Cynthia , Zukowski Claire
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Modular Berry transport is a useful way to understand how geometric bulk information is encoded in the boundary CFT: the modular curvature is directly related to the bulk Riemann curvature. We extend this approach by studying modular transport in the presence of a non-trivial quantum extremal surface. Focusing on JT gravity on an AdS background coupled to a non-gravitating bath, we compute the modular curvature of an interval in the bath in the presence of an island: the Quantum Extremal Modular Curvature (QEMC). We highlight some important properties of the QEMC, most importantly that it is non-local in general. In an OPE limit, the QEMC becomes local and probes the bulk Riemann curvature in regions with an island. Our work gives a new approach to probe physics behind horizons.
Tachyonic production of dark relics: classical lattice vs. quantum 2PI in Hartree truncation
Authors: Kainulainen Kimmo , Nurmi Sami , Väisänen Olli
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We study the out-of-equilibrium production of non-minimally coupled self-interacting scalar dark matter during reheating using classical lattice simulations. The outcomes of the classical simulations are in qualitative agreement with the previous results obtained using the quantum 2PI approach in the Hartree truncation. In particular, the novel non-linear resonance found in the 2PI Hartee study is present also in the classical lattice simulations and can dominate the final dark matter yield. For the parameters considered, the difference in final value of the scalar two-point function between the two approaches is a factor of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1).