bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effect of additional anlotinib and immunotherapy as second‐line or later‐line treatment in pancreatic cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Qin Boyu , Xiong Qi , Xin Lingli , Li Ke , Shi Weiwei , Song Qi , Sun Qiong , Shao Jiakang , Zhang Jing , Zhao Xiao , Liu Jinyu , Wang Jinliang , Yang Bo
Published: May 2024

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is in urgent need of a second‐line or later‐line treatment strategy. We aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of additional anlotinib, specifically anlotinib in combination with immunotherapy, in patients with PDAC who have failed first‐line therapy.

Methods

Patients with pathological diagnosis of PDAC were additionally treated with anlotinib, and some patients were treated with anti‐PD‐1 agents at the same time, which could be retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy and safety of additional anlotinib were evaluated.

Results

A total of 23 patients were included. In patients treated with additional anlotinib, the overall median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 1.8 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 6.3 months, regardless of anti‐PD‐1 agents. Among patients receiving additional anlotinib in combination with anti‐PD‐1 agents, median PFS and OS were 1.8 and 6.5 months, respectively. Adverse events (AEs) were observed in 16 patients (69.6%). In patients treated with additional anlotinib, the majority of AEs were grade 1–3. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with baseline red blood cell distribution width (RDW) <14% treated with additional anlotinib plus anti‐PD‐1 agents had significantly longer OS than patients with baseline RDW ≥14% (p = 0.025). Patients with additional anlotinib plus anti‐PD‐1 agents as second‐line therapy had a longer OS than those treated as later‐line therapy (p = 0.012). Multivariate analysis showed that baseline RDW was the only independent risk factor for OS (p = 0.042).

Conclusion

The combination of anlotinib and immunotherapy represents an effective add‐on therapy with tolerable AEs as second‐ or later‐line therapy in patients with PDAC, particularly in patients with baseline RDW <14%.
OCR provides guidance for protecting Jewish, Muslim students from harassment
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: May 2024

The Office for Civil Rights published a fact sheet in January 2023 detailing how postsecondary institutions can protect students from discrimination based on national origin, specifically “shared ancestry or ethnic considerations” (bit.ly/3iPfyZP). Campus Legal Advisor explained the significance of this fact sheet in our March 2023 issue (bit.ly/48gwhdu).
Did court dismiss professor's retaliation claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: May 2024

An Augustana University faculty member served as a music professor, the vocal studies director, the music department chair, the choir conductor, the opera director, and the summer music camp director.
Review recent rulings involving campus security
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: May 2024

An overview of the key topics faced by higher education administrators with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Physicochemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities of Coffea Robusta Monofloral Honey from Dak Lak Province, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Quang‐Vinh , Nguyen Minh‐Trung , Thi Bich Huyen Bui , Mai Quoc‐Quan , Doan Manh‐Dung , Nguyen Thi‐Huyen , Nguyen Phuoc‐Vinh , Pham Tri‐Nhut , Le Tam Minh
Published: May 2024

Robusta coffee blossom honey stands as a key regional product in Dak Lak province, Vietnam. Despite its significance, there exists a dearth of scientific data for assessing its quality. This study aims to fill this gap by characterizing the physicochemical properties and biological activities of coffee blossom honeys from three distinct sub‐regions within Dak Lak province, Vietnam. These activities include ferric reducing power (FRP), DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, as well as tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Moreover, the study compares these honey samples with other popular varieties in Vietnam, such as Lychee and Longan honeys. The physicochemical parameters of the honey samples meet the standards set by Codex Alimentarius 2001. Through UPLC analysis, eleven compounds were identified, with caffeine serving as a marker for coffee honey. Furthermore, by employing multiple factor analysis (MFA), it was observed that certain physicochemical properties correlate positively with tyrosinase inhibitory, DPPH, ABTS free radicals scavenging activities, and FRP. Notably, tyrosinase inhibitory activity exhibited a positive correlation with antioxidant activity. These findings underscore the high quality of Coffea robusta honey, showcasing its potent antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities.
Oliveria decumbens, a Long‐Neglected Plant with Promising Phytochemical and Biological Properties
Authors: Boveiri Dehsheikh Anahita , Mahmoodi Sourestani Mohammad , Enayatizamir Naeimeh , Safdarian Mehdi , Mottaghipisheh Javad
Published: May 2024

Oliveria decumbens is a folkloric medicinal plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, traditionally utilized to treat various diseases like gastrointestinal disorders, fever, and wounds. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the plant‘s phytochemical composition and biological properties, with potential implications for various industries and avenues of further research. The data presented here has been compiled through searches utilizing the keyword “Oliveria” across scientific databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SciFinder. Carvacrol and thymol have been identified as the primary volatile constituents, though the complete profile of the plant extract remains to be fully elucidated. Notably, Oliveria decumbens essential oil exhibits significant antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Additionally, the plant extract demonstrates promising antiprotozoal, antiviral, hepatoprotective, and immunostimulant effects, although these findings are primarily derived from preliminary studies. While in vitro and in vivo investigations have validated some traditional uses of O. decumbens, further pre‐clinical testing is warranted to ascertain both efficacy and safety profiles. Moreover, the identification of specific components within the plant extract is crucial for a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of action underlying its therapeutic properties within the realm of phytomedicine.
Chemical and Enzyme‐Mediated Chemical Reactions for Studying Nucleic Acids and Their Modifications
Authors: Li Tengwei , Cheng Chongguang , Liu Jianzhao
Published: May 2024

Nucleic acids are genetic information‐carrying molecules inside cells. Apart from basic nucleotide building blocks, there exist various naturally occurring chemical modifications on nucleobase and ribose moieties, which greatly increase the encoding complexity of nuclei acids, contribute to the alteration of nucleic acid structures, and play versatile regulation roles in gene expression. To study the functions of certain nucleic acids in various biological contexts, robust tools to specifically label and identify these macromolecules and their modifications, and to illuminate their structures are highly necessary. In this review, we summarize recent technique advances of using chemical and enzyme‐mediated chemical reactions to study nucleic acids and their modifications and structures. By highlighting the chemical principles of these techniques, we aim to present a perspective on the advancement of the field as well as to offer insights into developing specific chemical reactions and precise enzyme catalysis utilized for nucleic acids and their modifications.
DNA Aptamer Integrated Hydrogel Nanocomposites on Screen Printed Gold Electrodes for Point‐of‐Care Detection of Testosterone in Human Serum
Authors: Velayutham Jayasudha , Hansda Shekhar , Sethy Niroj K , Vashist Arti , Manickam Pandiaraj
Published: May 2024

This work describes the development and evaluation of a novel electrochemical aptasensor for testosterone detection. The sensor utilizes a specifically designed DNA immobilized on a screen‐printed gold electrode (SPGE) modified with a conductive hydrogel and gold nanoparticles (HG/NP) composite. The aptasensor exhibited a dose‐dependent response to testosterone (0.05 to 50 ng/mL) with a detection limit of 0.14 ng/mL and a good sensitivity of 0.23 μA ng−1 mL cm−2. The sensor displayed excellent selectivity towards testosterone compared to structurally similar steroid hormones. Importantly, the incorporation of HG/NP not only improved the sensor‘s conductivity but also acted as an antifouling layer, minimizing signal interference from non‐specific biomolecule interactions in complex biological samples like human serum. The results obtained from the aptasensor showed good correlation with a standard ELISA method, demonstrating its effectiveness in real‐world scenarios.
Enantioselective Construction of Polycyclic Chromanes through Organocatalytic Sequential Quintuple Reaction via One‐Pot Step‐Wise Procedure
Authors: Wang Jie , Qin Hang , Song Ya‐Li , Cao Fei , You Zhi‐Hao
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive Summary

An efficient and highly stereoselective synthetic method to access polycyclic chromanes has been achieved through organocatalyzed one‐pot step‐wise reactions involving 2‐hydroxycinnamaldehydes, 2‐aminochalcones, and malononitrile as substrates. The reactions underwent a quintuple process by aza‐Michael/Michael/Knoevenagel/oxa‐Michael/aldol‐type reaction in sequence to give products bearing 3 new generated rings and 5 chiral centers in moderate to quantitative yields with excellent stereoselectivities. A novel retro‐reaction mechanism was discovered in the synthetic transformations of products.
Low‐Molecular Weight Branched Polyethylenimine Reduces Cytokine Secretion from Human Immune System Monocytes Stimulated with Bacterial and Fungal PAMPs
Authors: Heydarian Neda , Ferrell Maya , Nair Ayesha S. , Roedl Chase , Peng Zongkai , Nguyen Tra D. , Best William , Wozniak Karen L. , Rice Charles V.
Published: May 2024

The innate immune system is an evolutionarily conserved pathogen recognition mechanism that serves as the first line of defense against tissue damage or pathogen invasion. Unlike the adaptive immunity that recruits T‐cells and specific antibodies against antigens, innate immune cells express pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that can detect various pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) released by invading pathogens. Microbial molecular patterns, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram‐negative bacteria, trigger signaling cascades in the host that result in the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. LPS stimulation produces a strong immune response and excessive LPS signaling leads to dysregulation of the immune response. However, dysregulated inflammatory response during wound healing often results in chronic non‐healing wounds that are difficult to control. In this work, we present data demonstrating partial neutralization of anionic LPS molecules using cationic branched polyethylenimine (BPEI). The anionic sites on the LPS molecules from Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) are the lipid A moiety and BPEI binding create steric factors that hinder the binding of PRR signaling co‐factors. This reduces the production of pro‐inflammatory TNF‐α cytokines. However, the anionic sites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) LPS are in the O‐antigen region and subsequent BPEI binding slightly reduces TNF‐α cytokine production. Fortunately, BPEI can reduce TNF‐α cytokine expression in response to stimulation by intact P. aeruginosa bacterial cells and fungal zymosan PAMPs. Thus low‐molecular weight (600 Da) BPEI may be able to counter dysregulated inflammation in chronic wounds and promote successful repair following tissue injury.
Effect of Carbamazepine on the Pharmacokinetics of Erdafitinib in Healthy Participants
Authors: Jaiprasart Pharavee , Hellemans Peter , Jiao Juhui James , Dosne Anne‐Gaëlle , De Meulder Marc , De Zwart Loeckie , Brees Laurane , Zhu Wei
Published: May 2024

Erdafitinib, a selective and potent oral pan‐FGFR inhibitor, is metabolized mainly through CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 enzymes. This phase 1, open‐label, single‐sequence, drug‐drug interaction study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of a single oral dose of erdafitinib alone and when co‐administered with steady state oral carbamazepine, a dual inducer of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9, in 13 healthy adult participants (NCT04330248). Compared with erdafitinib administration alone, carbamazepine co‐administration decreased total and free maximum plasma concentrations of erdafitinib (Cmax) by 35% (95% CI 30%‐39%) and 22% (95% CI 17%‐27%), respectively. The areas under the concentration‐time curve over the time interval from 0 to 168 hours, to the last quantifiable data point, and to time infinity (AUC168h, AUClast, AUCinf), were markedly decreased for both total erdafitinib (56%‐62%) and free erdafitinib (48%‐55%). The safety profile of erdafitinib was consistent with previous clinical studies in healthy participants, with no new safety concerns when administered with or without carbamazepine. Co‐administration with carbamazepine may reduce the activity of erdafitinib due to reduced exposure. Concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inducers with erdafitinib should be avoided.
Tuning Electronic and Structural Properties of Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites: A Comparative Study of 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper and 3D Compositions
Authors: Dalmedico J. F. , Silveira D. N. , O. de Araujo L. , Wenzel W. , Rêgo C. R. C. , Dias A. C. , Guedes‐Sobrinho D. , Piotrowski Maurício J.
Published: May 2024

In recent decades, two‐dimensional (2D) perovskites have emerged as promising semiconductors for next‐generation photovoltaics, showing notable advancements in solar energy conversion. Herein, we explore the impact of alternative inorganic lattice BX‐based compositions (B=Ge or Sn, X=Br or I) on the energy gap and stability. Our investigation encompasses BA2Man‐1BnX3n+1 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper perovskites (for n=1–5 layers) and 3D bulk (MA)BX3 systems, employing first‐principles calculations with spin‐orbit coupling (SOC), DFT‐1/2 quasiparticle, and D3 dispersion corrections. The study unveils how atoms with smaller ionic radii induce anisotropic internal and external distortions within the inorganic and organic lattices. Introducing the spacers in the low‐layer regime reduces local distortions but widens band gaps. Our calculation protocol provides deeper insights into the physics and chemistry underlying 2D perovskite materials, paving the way for optimizing environmentally friendly alternatives that can efficiently replace with sustainable materials.
Changing overwork culture: Stakeholder management for employee wellbeing and social sustainability in large Japanese companies
Authors: Kobayashi Kazunori , Eweje Gabriel , Tappin David
Published: May 2024

Effectively addressing overwork culture in business remains a challenge, despite growing concerns about its negative impacts on employee wellbeing and productivity. This paper investigates corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and stakeholder management promoted by large Japanese companies to address overwork culture. Based on interviews with managers and stakeholders from 31 companies, the study reveals that despite being part of CSR, overwork reduction initiatives often come into conflict with entrenched institutional pressures. These pressures are embedded in a cultural‐cognitive and institutional context that prioritises quality and cooperation over individual productivity. We argue that improving stakeholder relationships is vital for developing a healthy and productive workstyle and for reactivating institutional dynamics that are fundamental to employee wellbeing, productivity and broader social sustainability. By clarifying the role and processes of stakeholder management, this paper contributes to the discourse on overwork and CSR, offering new insights into how to effectively address overwork culture.
Biomass Source Influence on Hydrogen Production through Pyrolysis and in Line Oxidative Steam Reforming
Authors: Garcia Irati , Lopez Gartzen , Santamaria Laura , Fernandez Enara , Bilbao Javier , Olazar Martin , Artetxe Maite , Amutio Maider
Published: May 2024

This study evaluates the potential of several biomasses differing in nature and composition for their valorization by pyrolysis and in line oxidative steam reforming. The first task involved the fast pyrolysis of the biomasses in a conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR) at 500 °C, in which product yields were analyzed in detail. Then, the oxidative steam reforming (OSR) of pyrolysis volatiles (gases and bio‐oil) was approached in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR). The reforming experiments were performed at 600 °C, with a steam/biomass (S/B) ratio of 3 and catalyst (Ni/Al2O3) space times of 7.5 and 20 gcat min gvol−1. Concerning equivalence ratio (ER), a value of 0.12 was selected to ensure autothermal operation. Remarkable differences were observed in H2 production depending on the type of biomass. Thus, pine wood led to a H2 production of 9.3 wt %. The lower productions obtained with rice husk (7.7 wt %) and orange peel (5.5 wt %) are associated with their higher ash and fixed carbon content, respectively, which limit the efficiency of biomass conversion to bio‐oil. However, in the case of the microalgae, the poor performance observed is because of the lower conversion in the reforming step toward gases due to the composition of its pyrolysis volatile stream.
An efficient routing protocol to reduce traffic and congestion control in cloud edge networks of wireless sensor networks
Authors: Alwarsamy Vijayaraj , Rethnaraj Jebakumar , Gurumuni Nathan Uma Devi , Pandiarajan Gururama Senthilvel
Published: May 2024

Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been used for monitoring, sensing, processing, and communication purposes in real‐time applications. It is employed with a routing protocol that performs an effective data transmission process. However, while transmitting large data, there occurs an over fitting issue, which leads to determining a huge data leakage. Also, the delay is increased with heavy congestion in the network. Hence, a novel method is proposed to diminish the network congestion regarding distributed networks as well as cloud edge computing. Moreover, it diminished the data loss from an overloaded condition. However, the proposed technique controls congestion that resists the traffic in the network through lightweight, ultra‐dense label‐less federation and incorporates adaptive multi‐agent Markov reinforcement learning. Furthermore, a distributed energy‐efficient delay‐aware routing protocol is employed to analyze and regulate congestion control in the network. Also, it varies the network dynamically by adjusting the routing protocol that optimizes the congestion and implements the traffic mechanism. Moreover, the congestion in WSNs overwhelms the nodes and channels distributed in the packets. The evaluation of the proposed method is determined by various metrics such as queuing delay, network lifetime, energy efficiency, throughput, and packet delivery ratio. The experimental results revealed that the proposed method attained an enhanced performance by maximizing energy efficiency and packet delivery ratio by 94% as well as 89% and reducing the delay by 55%, respectively.
Recent advancements in image‐enhanced endoscopy in the pancreatobiliary field
Authors: Toyonaga Haruka , Hayashi Tsuyoshi , Hama Kazuki , Ando Ryo , Ishii Tatsuya , Yoshida Kenta , Kin Toshifumi , Motoya Masayo , Takahashi Kuniyuki , Katanuma Akio
Published: May 2024

Image‐enhanced endoscopy (IEE) has advanced gastrointestinal disease diagnosis and treatment. Traditional white‐light imaging has limitations in detecting all gastrointestinal diseases, prompting the development of IEE. In this review, we explore the utility of IEE, including texture and color enhancement imaging and red dichromatic imaging, in pancreatobiliary (PB) diseases. IEE includes methods such as chromoendoscopy, optical‐digital, and digital methods. Chromoendoscopy, using dyes such as indigo carmine, aids in delineating lesions and structures, including pancreato‐/cholangio‐jejunal anastomoses. Optical‐digital methods such as narrow‐band imaging enhance mucosal details and vessel patterns, aiding in ampullary tumor evaluation and peroral cholangioscopy. Moreover, red dichromatic imaging with its specific color allocation, improves the visibility of thick blood vessels in deeper tissues and enhances bleeding points with different colors and see‐through effects, proving beneficial in managing bleeding complications post‐endoscopic sphincterotomy. Color enhancement imaging, a novel digital method, enhances tissue texture, brightness, and color, improving visualization of PB structures, such as PB orifices, anastomotic sites, ampullary tumors, and intraductal PB lesions. Advancements in IEE hold substantial potential in improving the accuracy of PB disease diagnosis and treatment. These innovative techniques offer advantages paving the way for enhanced clinical management of PB diseases. Further research is warranted to establish their standard clinical utility and explore new frontiers in PB disease management.
Skimming genomes for systematics and DNA barcodes of corals
Authors: Quattrini Andrea M. , McCartin Luke J. , Easton Erin E. , Horowitz Jeremy , Wirshing Herman H. , Bowers Hailey , Mitchell Kenneth , González‐García María del P. , Sei Makiri , McFadden Catherine S. , Herrera Santiago
Published: May 2024

Numerous genomic methods developed over the past two decades have enabled the discovery and extraction of orthologous loci to help resolve phylogenetic relationships across various taxa and scales. Genome skimming (or low‐coverage genome sequencing) is a promising method to not only extract high‐copy loci but also 100s to 1000s of phylogenetically informative nuclear loci (e.g., ultraconserved elements [UCEs] and exons) from contemporary and museum samples. The subphylum Anthozoa, including important ecosystem engineers (e.g., stony corals, black corals, anemones, and octocorals) in the marine environment, is in critical need of phylogenetic resolution and thus might benefit from a genome‐skimming approach. We conducted genome skimming on 242 anthozoan corals collected from 1886 to 2022. Using existing target‐capture baitsets, we bioinformatically obtained UCEs and exons from the genome‐skimming data and incorporated them with data from previously published target‐capture studies. The mean number of UCE and exon loci extracted from the genome skimming data was 1837 ± 662 SD for octocorals and 1379 ± 476 SD loci for hexacorals. Phylogenetic relationships were well resolved within each class. A mean of 1422 ± 720 loci was obtained from the historical specimens, with 1253 loci recovered from the oldest specimen collected in 1886. We also obtained partial to whole mitogenomes and nuclear rRNA genes from >95% of samples. Bioinformatically pulling UCEs, exons, mitochondrial genomes, and nuclear rRNA genes from genome skimming data is a viable and low‐cost option for phylogenetic studies. This approach can be used to review and support taxonomic revisions and reconstruct evolutionary histories, including historical museum and type specimens.
Influences of elevational gradient on flower size and number of Gentiana lawrencei var. farreri
Authors: Wang Mengyan , Wang Zuoyi , Yang Yuan , Zhao Xinquan , Zhou Huakun , Zhou Shurong , Yin Xin , Ren Yanmei , Dong Huanhuan , Zhang Longxin , Ma Zhen , Zhang Chunhui
Published: May 2024

Plants can adapt to environmental changes by adjusting their functional traits and biomass allocation. The size and number of flowers are functional traits related to plant reproduction. Life history theory predicts that there is a trade‐off between flower size and number, and the trade‐off can potentially explain the adaptability of plants. Elevation gradients in mountains provide a unique opportunity to test how plants will respond to climate change. In this study, we tried to better explain the adaptability of the alpine plant Gentiana lawrencei var. farreri in response to climate change. We measured the flower size and number, individual size, and reproductive allocation of G. lawrencei var. farreri during the flowering period along an elevation gradient from 3200 to 4000 m, and explored their relationships using linear mixed‐effect models and the structural equation model. We found that with elevation increasing, individual size and flower number decreased and flower size increased, while reproductive allocation remained unchanged. Individual size positively affected flower number, but was not related to flower size; reproductive allocation positively affected flower size, but was not related to flower number; there is a clear trade‐off between flower size and number. We also found that elevation decreased flower number indirectly via directly reducing individual size. In sum, this study suggests that G. lawrencei var. farreri can adapt to alpine environments by the synergies or trade‐offs among individual size, reproductive allocation, flower size, and flower number. This study increases our understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of alpine plants to climate change in alpine environments.
Applying natural language processing to identify emergency department and observation encounters for worsening heart failure
Authors: Hamilton Steven A. , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Parikh Rishi V. , Tan Thida C. , Fitzpatrick Jesse K. , Avula Harshith R. , Sandhu Alexander T. , Ku Ivy A. , Go Alan S. , Sax Dana , Bhatt Ankeet S.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Worsening heart failure (WHF) events occurring in non‐inpatient settings are becoming increasingly recognized, with implications for prognostication. We evaluate the performance of a natural language processing (NLP)‐based approach compared with traditional diagnostic coding for non‐inpatient clinical encounters and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods and results

We compared characteristics for encounters that did vs. did not meet WHF criteria, stratified by care setting [i.e. emergency department (ED) and observation stay]. Overall, 8407 (22%) encounters met NLP‐based criteria for WHF (3909 ED visits and 4498 observation stays). The use of an NLP‐derived definition adjudicated 3983 (12%) of non‐primary HF diagnoses as meeting consensus definitions for WHF. The most common diagnosis indicated in these encounters was dyspnoea. Results were primarily driven by observation stays, in which 2205 (23%) encounters with a secondary HF diagnosis met the WHF definition by NLP.

Conclusions

The use of standard claims‐based adjudication for primary diagnosis in the non‐inpatient setting may lead to misclassification of WHF events in the ED and overestimate observation stays. Primary diagnoses alone may underestimate the burden of WHF in non‐hospitalized settings.
The difficult discussion on the deactivation of implantable cardioverter devices at the end of life: a systematic review
Authors: Murray Siobhan C. , McNamara Claire , Chatzi Anna V.
Published: May 2024

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) reliably prevent death due to life‐threatening arrhythmias; this may become less relevant in people with more severe heart failure who are reaching the end of life (EOL). This review aimed to explore the ICD deactivation process and identify ethical issues, especially around the initiation of relevant discussions among professionals and patients. Available literature was reviewed using four electronic databases to identify issues that may deter healthcare professionals from having important deactivation discussions and to address considerations for ICD management prior to the EOL. The search resulted in the retainment of 12 studies. Three themes emerged from the data: barriers and facilitators, ethical considerations in clinical practice, and nurse's role. Lack of knowledge, which has been associated with cultural differences, has been found among the barriers, and interdisciplinary education and open communication appeared as facilitators. As clinicians' ethical considerations and fears emerged from the literature, nurses' special role has not been sufficiently supported. Complex care requires facilitation by multidisciplinary teams and education around the device's function regarding EOL issues. Establishing expert consensus statements on advance care planning might help define the distinct roles of each healthcare practitioner involved. Further research is needed in addressing the identified gaps.
Finerenone in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: Rationale and design of the FINEARTS‐HF trial
Authors: Vaduganathan Muthiah , Claggett Brian L. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Pitt Bertram , Senni Michele , Shah Sanjiv J. , Voors Adriaan A. , Zannad Faiez , Desai Akshay S. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Viswanathan Prabhakar , Bomfim Wirtz Antonieta , Schloemer Patrick , Lay‐Flurrie James , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D.
Published: May 2024

Aim

Steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), spironolactone and eplerenone, are strongly recommended in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), but the balance of efficacy and safety in those with higher LVEF has not been well established. Broad use of steroidal MRAs has further been limited in part due to safety concerns around risks of hyperkalaemia, gynecomastia, and kidney dysfunction. These risks may be mitigated by the unique pharmacological properties of the non‐steroidal MRA finerenone. The FINEARTS‐HF trial is designed to evaluate the long‐term efficacy and safety of the selective non‐steroidal MRA finerenone among patients with HF with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction.

Methods

FINEARTS‐HF is a global, multicentre, event‐driven randomized trial evaluating oral finerenone versus matching placebo in symptomatic patients with HF with LVEF ≥40%. Adults (≥40 years) with HF with New York Heart Association class II–IV symptoms, LVEF ≥40%, evidence of structural heart disease, and diuretic use for at least the previous 30 days were eligible. All patients required elevated natriuretic peptide levels: for patients in sinus rhythm, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) ≥300 pg/ml (or B‐type natriuretic peptide [BNP] ≥100 pg/ml) were required, measured within 30 days (in those without a recent worsening HF event) or within 90 days (in those with a recent worsening HF event). Qualifying levels of NT‐proBNP or BNP were tripled if a patient was in atrial fibrillation at screening. Estimated glomerular filtration rate <25 ml/min/1.73 m2 or serum potassium >5.0 mmol/L were key exclusion criteria. Patients were enrolled irrespective of clinical care setting (whether hospitalized, recently hospitalized, or ambulatory). The primary endpoint is the composite of cardiovascular death and total (first and recurrent) HF events. The trial started on 14 September 2020 and has validly randomized 6001 participants across 37 countries. Approximately 2375 total primary composite events are targeted.

Conclusions

The FINEARTS‐HF trial will determine the efficacy and safety of the non‐steroidal MRA finerenone in a broad population of hospitalized and ambulatory patients with HF with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04435626 and EudraCT 2020‐000306‐29.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Oxidation of Silanes with SF6 for Efficient Synthesis of Siloxanes
Authors: Bi Yu‐Xiang , Zhao Yue , Zhang Qing‐Qing , Guo Xiao‐Yu , Dai Jing‐Cheng , Jin Ruo‐Xing , Wang Xi‐Sheng
Published: May 2024

A visible‐light‐induced strategy utilizing sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as distinctive oxidant and water as the oxygen source to transform silanes into siloxanes has been developed under mild conditions, realizing the efficient utilization and degradation of the strong greenhouse gas, sulfur hexafluoride, simultaneously. Mechanistic experiments demonstrate that the reaction proceeds through a radical pathway, and it has been confirmed that the oxygen atoms in the resulting siloxanes indeed originate from water by isotopic labeling experiments with 18O.
Enhanced Physico‐Chemical Polysulfide Curtailment Using Carbon Nanotube‐Binary Metal Sulfide Nanocomposite for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kannan Sreekala Kunhi , Joseph Jithu , Joseph Mary Gladis
Published: May 2024

The electrochemical output of lithium‐sulfur batteries is highly restricted by the dissolution and shuttling of polysulfide intermediates, which leads to the polysulfide shuttle effect. The binary metal sulfides offer a greater number of active sites and better polysulfide interaction compared to the unitary metal sulfides. Herein, a nickel cobalt sulfide‐carbon nanotube nanocomposite is devised as a highly efficient separator coater for high‐energy Li‐S batteries. The nanocomposite is featured with superior polysulfide confinement ability due to its dual metal sites and improved ionic and electronic conductivity. The material also possesses enhanced electrolyte wettability, better interfacial properties, and frequent electrolyte uptake. By virtue of the above‐mentioned superiorities, the cell reveals an initial discharge capacity of 1152 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C rate and maintains a retained capacity of 82% after 500 cycles. The cell also shows significant electrochemical results with a magnificent rate delivery of 714 mAh g−1 at 2 C rate and maintains a constant open‐circuit potential for 100 h.
Synthesis of diesel‐like fuels using waste cooking oil and waste polyethylene via Co‐pyrolysis process
Authors: Singh Divyansh , Paul Abhishek
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the effects of different proportions of waste polyethylene (WP) and waste cooking oil (WCO) on the chemical and physical properties of the resulting co‐pyrolysis oil produced in an indigenously developed laboratory‐scale fixed bed batch‐type reactor. The proportion of WCO was altered in increments of 10% from 10% to 90%, and correspondingly, the proportion of WP was adjusted from 90% to 10% (by weight). The highest liquid fuel yield, reaching 70.9% by weight, was achieved using a 40:60 ratio of WCO to WP (W40P60) at a constant heating rate of 12°C and a temperature of 500°C. The obtained fuel exhibits promising properties, including a high calorific value (max HHV around 45.63 MJ/kg) and other advantageous properties such as low viscosity, low oxygen and nitrogen content, and absence of sulfur. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GCMS) were examined on the resulting liquid fuel. The GC–MS spectra predominantly display alkanes, constituting approximately 41% by weight, and alkenes, making up roughly 20% by weight. These analyses revealed properties akin to commercial diesel, emphasizing the potential of waste cooking oil and waste polyethylene proportions in liquid diesel like fuel production.
Taxonomy and ecology of Elaeocarpus venustus Bedd. (Elaeocarpaceae): An endemic and Critically Endangered tree species of the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Ramasubbu Raju , Venkatesh Palanivel , Anjana Surendran , Priya Prasannan
Published: May 2024

Elaeocarpus venustus is a steno‐endemic and Critically Endangered tree species of the Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve, southern Western Ghats, India. Due to its restricted distribution and specific habitat, a detailed field survey of existing populations was carried out. In order to clarify the taxonomic circumscription of this species in view of earlier literature, a revised taxonomic description is presented—together with details of the populations and ecology of this little‐known species and photographic documentation.
On the convergence of the Rhie–Chow stabilized Box method for the Stokes problem
Authors: Negrini G. , Parolini N. , Verani M.
Published: May 2024

The finite volume method (FVM) is widely adopted in many different applications because of its built‐in conservation properties, its ability to deal with arbitrary mesh and its computational efficiency. In this work, we consider the Rhie–Chow stabilized Box method (RCBM) for the approximation of the Stokes problem. The Box method (BM) is a piecewise linear Petrov–Galerkin formulation on the Voronoi dual mesh of a Delaunay triangulation, whereas the Rhie–Chow (RC) stabilization is a well known stabilization technique for FVM. The first part of the article provides a variational formulation of the RC stabilization and discusses the validity of crucial properties relevant for the well‐posedness and convergence of RCBM. Moreover, a numerical exploration of the convergence properties of the method on 2D and 3D test cases is presented. The last part of the article considers the theoretically justification of the well‐posedness of RCBM and the experimentally observed convergence rates. This latter justification hinges upon suitable assumptions, whose validity is numerically explored.
Effect of tragacanth gum–chitin nanofiber film containing free or nano‐encapsulated cumin essential oil on the quality of chilled turkey burgers packed with oxygen absorber
Authors: Shahabi Nasim , Fallah Aziz A. , Sami Masoud , Habibian Dehkordi Saeid
Published: May 2024

This research was undertaken to assess the effect of tragacanth gum–chitin nanofiber (TG–CNF) film containing free (CEO) or encapsulated cumin essential oil (CNE) combined with oxygen absorber (OA) packaging on the shelf‐life of ready‐to‐cook (RTC) turkey breast burgers during chilled storage. The experimental groups were OA and TG–CNF as single treatments, TG–CNF + CEO, TG–CNF + CNE, and TG–CNF + OA as binary treatments, TG–CNF + CEO + OA and TG–CNF + CNE + OA as ternary treatments, and control. The samples were stored at 3°C for 20 days and analyzed for microbial, physicochemical, and sensory attributes. Binary treatments, when compared to single treatments, and ternary treatments, when compared to binary treatments, exhibited enhanced effectiveness in managing microbial growth, hindering physicochemical alterations, and decelerating sensory alterations. At day 20, TG–CNF + CNE + OA group was identified as the most effective group in inhibiting the growth of total mesophilic bacteria (TMB), total psychrophilic bacteria (TSB), and coliforms (final counts were 4.8, 4.16, and ≤1 log CFU/g, respectively), and TG–CNF + CNE + OA and TG–CNF + CEO + OA groups were known as the most effective groups in inhibiting lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (final counts were 4.71 and 5.15 log CFU/g, respectively). Furthermore, the TG–CNF + CNE + OA treatment proved to be the most effective group in reducing the total volatile nitrogen (TVN) (final level was 19.2 mg N/100 g) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (final level was 0.119 mg malondialdehyde (MDA)/kg). TG–CNF + CNE + OA and TG–CNF + CEO + OA were the most efficient groups to delay the increasing rate of cooking loss (final values were 23.3% and 24.6%) and pH (final values were 7.01 and 6.99). The sample's shelf‐life was 4 days in control and TG–CNF, 8 days in OA and TG–CNF + OA, 12 days in TG–CNF + CEO, 16 days in TG‐CNF + CNE and TG–CNF + CEO + OA, and at least 20 days in TG–CNF + CNE + OA. As a result, the incorporation of TG–CNF + CNE alongside OA packaging emerges as a highly effective active packaging method for preserving RTC turkey breast burgers during chilled storage.
Motivating learning goal orientation and job performance: Leadership training and development
Authors: Lin Chieh‐Peng , Li Yan‐Lin
Published: May 2024

Drawing upon role identity theory and human capital theory, this study explored the role of paternalistic leadership in terms of job performance. Empirical analyses were performed based on a field investigation involving agents from three large insurance companies in Taiwan. The analyses first showed that benevolent leadership indirectly influenced job performance only through strategy role commitment, while authoritarian, benevolent, and moral leadership indirectly influenced job performance through affective dependence. Second, strategy role commitment influenced job performance directly and indirectly through learning goal orientation, whereas affective dependence influenced job performance indirectly only through learning goal orientation. Third, management position positively moderated the positive effects of strategy role commitment on both learning goal orientation and job performance. Last, theoretical and practical implications were discussed based on the results.
Tape‐casting electrode architecture permits low‐temperature manufacturing of all‐solid‐state thin‐film microbatteries
Authors: Ke Bingyuan , Zhang Congcong , Cheng Shoulin , Li Wangyang , Deng Renming , Zhang Hong , Lin Jie , Xie Qingshui , Qu Baihua , Peng Dong‐Liang , Wang Xinghui
Published: May 2024

Along with the constantly evolving functional microsystems toward more diversification, the more rigorous design deliberation of pursuing higher mass‐loading of electrode materials and low‐temperature fabrication compatibility have imposed unprecedented demand on integrable all‐solid‐state thin‐film microbatteries. While the classic thin‐film intercalation cathode prepared by vacuum‐based techniques inevitably encountered a post‐annealing process, tape‐casting technologies hold great merits both in terms of high‐mass loading and low‐temperature processing. In this work, a novel microbattery configuration is developed by the combination of traditional tape‐casting thick electrodes and sputtered inorganic thin‐film solid electrolytes (~3 μm lithium phosphorus oxynitride). Enabled by physically pressed or vapor‐deposited Li as an anode, solid‐state batteries with tape‐casted LiFePO4 electrodes exhibit outstanding cyclability and stability. To meet integration requirements, LiFePO4/LiPON/Si microbatteries were successfully fabricated at low temperatures and found to achieve a wide operating temperature range. This novel configuration has good prospects in promoting the thin‐film microbattery enabling a paradigm shift and satisfying diversified requirements.
Twenty‐eight days of repeated dose sub‐acute toxicological evaluation of polyherbal Ayurvedic medicine BPGrit in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Sinha Sandeep , Bhattacharya Kunal , Varshney Anurag
Published: May 2024

A pre‐clinical toxicological evaluation of herbal medicines is necessary to identify any underlying health‐associated side effects, if any. BPGrit is an Ayurveda‐based medicine prescribed for treating hypertensive conditions. High‐performance liquid chromatography‐based analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, ellagic acid, coumarin, cinnamic acid, guggulsterone E, and guggulsterone Z in BPGrit. For sub‐acute toxicity analysis of BPGrit, male and female Sprague–Dawley rats were given repeated oral gavage at 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day dosages for 28 days, followed by a 14‐day recovery phase. No incidences of mortality, morbidity, or abnormal clinical signs were observed in BPGrit‐treated rats throughout the study period. Also, the body weight and food consumption habits of the experimental animals did not change during the study duration. Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analysis did not indicate any abnormal changes occurring in the BPGrit‐treated rats up to the highest tested dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight/day. Finally, the study established the “no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level” for BPGrit at >1000 mg/kg body weight/day in Sprague–Dawley rats.
Survey of screw‐retained versus cement‐retained implant restorations used in both education and private dental practices
Authors: Found Anelyse Arata , Shah Shivani , Fouda Mohamed A. , Santos Maria Jacinta M. C. , Butler Sheila
Published: May 2024

Aims

In the literature, it is still unclear if the decisions for selecting the type of implant crown‐retaining system are based on scientific‐based research or if the Universities’ choices, Implant marketing trends, or finances could have a major influence on the private dentists’ decisions.

Objectives

Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the crown‐retaining system (cement‐ or screw‐retained) used in dental schools and private dental practices.

Methods

A 13‐item questionnaire was sent to Canadian dental schools (n = 10) and dental offices in London (n = 298), Canada. The questionnaire included demographic questions and questions to reveal the dentists’ perspectives on prosthetic implant treatment between the two‐retaining systems. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression (p = 0.05).

Results

Twenty‐four private dentists and five dental schools responded to the survey – 62.5% of private practitioners and 60% of universities reported using both systems. A trend was observed in using screw‐retained systems by dentists who graduated 5–10 years ago. Straumann, Astra, and Nobel Biocare were the private practices and dental schools’ preferred implant systems. The use of platform switching for all cases was selected by 54.2% of the private practitioners and 40% of the dental schools. Resin cement was the private practice's preferred cementation method; the dental schools used glass ionomer and zinc phosphate cement. The multinomial logistic regressions showed no statistical difference between the crown‐retaining system chosen and the decision factors. The laboratory technician's recommendations and cost influenced the decision‐making process for private dentists. For the universities, perio‐restorative outcome, implant position, survival rates, institute preferences, and evidence‐based research influenced the crown‐retaining system's decision‐making process. 

Conclusion

The Canadian dental schools and private practice reported using both screw‐ and cement‐retaining systems. However, there was a difference in the selection criteria as the universities showed a tendency towards a more research‐based approach in their decision, while for the private practices, the technicians’ recommendations and cost played a major role in the decision process. It was noted that the implant systems preconized by the Universities were observed to be used in private practices.
World Health Organization (WHO) guideline on the complementary feeding of infants and young children aged 6−23 months 2023: A multisociety response
Authors:   European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition (ESPGHAN),   European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP),   European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR),   European Academy for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI),   Federation of International Societies for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition (FISPGHAN),   Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition (LASPGHAN),   Pan Arab Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (PASPGHAN),   Asian Pan‐Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (AAPSGHAN),   North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN),   World Allergy Organization (WAO),   Asia Pacific Academy of Pediatric Allergy, Respirology & Immunology (APAPARI)
Published: May 2024

The recent World Health Organization (WHO) guideline aims to provide evidence‐based recommendations on complementary feeding (CF) of healthy term infants and young children 6−23 months living in low‐, middle‐, and high‐income countries, including both breastfed and non‐breastfed children. Like WHO, our organizations aim to promote optimal infant and young child nutrition and health, with a focus on promoting breastfeeding as well as appropriate and timely CF. In this paper, we share our concerns about aspects of the guideline, some of which may have the potential to cause unintended harm in infants and young children and suggest alternative or modified proposals.