bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of a clinicopathological score for the prediction of post-surgical evolution of pituitary adenoma: retrospective analysis on 566 patients from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Asioli S , Righi A , Iommi M , Baldovini C , Ambrosi F , Guaraldi F , Zoli M , Mazzatenta D , Faustini-Fustini M , Rucci P , Giannini C , Foschini M P
Published: November 2018

Objective and design

A clinicopathological score has been proposed by Trouillas et al. to predict the evolution of pituitary adenomas. Aim of our study was to perform an independent external validation of this score and identify other potential predictor of post-surgical outcome.

Methods

The study sample included 566 patients with pituitary adenomas, specifically 253 FSH/LH-secreting, 147 GH-secreting, 85 PRL-secreting, 72 ACTH-secreting and 9 TSH-secreting tumours with at least 3-year post-surgical follow-up.

Results

In 437 cases, pituitary adenomas were non-invasive, with low (grade 1a: 378 cases) or high (grade 1b: 59 cases) proliferative activity. In 129 cases, tumours were invasive, with low (grade 2a: 87 cases) or high (grade 2b: 42 cases) proliferative activity. During the follow-up (mean: 5.8 years), 60 patients developed disease recurrence or progression, with a total of 130 patients with pituitary disease at last follow-up. Univariate analysis demonstrated a significantly higher risk of disease persistence and recurrence/progression in patients with PRL-, ACTH- and FSH/LH-secreting tumours as compared to those with somatotroph tumours, and in those with high proliferative activity (grade 1b and 2b) or >1 cm diameter. Multivariate analysis confirmed tumour type and grade to be independent predictors of disease-free-survival. Tumour invasion, Ki-67 and tumour type were the only independent prognostic factors of disease-free survival.

Conclusions

Our data confirmed the validity of Trouillas’ score, being tumour type and grade independent predictors of disease evolution. Therefore, we recommend to always consider both features, together with tumour histological subtype, in the clinical setting to early identify patients at higher risk of recurrence.
FGF9 inhibits browning program of white adipocytes and associates with human obesity
Authors: Sun Yingkai , Wang Rui , Zhao Shaoqian , Li Wen , Liu Wen , Tang Lingyun , Wang Zhugang , Wang Weiqing , Liu Ruixin , Ning Guang , Wang Jiqiu , Hong Jie
Published: November 2018

Browning of white adipose tissue has been proven to be a potential target to fight against obesity and its metabolic commodities, making the exploration of molecules involved in browning process important. Among those browning agents reported recently, FGF21 play as a quite promising candidate for treating obesity for its obvious enhancement of thermogenic capacity in adipocyte and significant improvement of metabolic disorders in both mice and human. However, whether other members of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family play roles in adipose thermogenesis and obese development is still an open question. Here, we examined the mRNA expression of all FGF family members in three adipose tissues of male C57BL/6 mice and found that FGF9 is highly expressed in adipose tissue and decreased under cold stress. Furthermore, FGF9 treatment inhibited thermogenic genes in the process of beige adipocytes differentiation from stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in a dose-dependent manner. Similar results were obtained with FGF9 overexpression. Consistently, knockdown of FGF9 in SVF cells by using lentiviral shRNA increased thermogenic genes in differentiated beige adipocytes. RNA sequencing analysis revealed a significant increment of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway in the early stage of beige adipocytes differentiation under FGF9 treatment, which was validated by real-time PCR. FGF9 expression was increased in subcutaneous WAT of obese human and mice. This study shows that adipose-derived FGF9 play as an inhibitory role in the browning of white adipocytes. Activation of hypoxia signaling at early stage of adipose browning process may contribute to this anti-thermogenic effect of FGF9.
Capitalismo y subjetividad: entre Moishe Postone y León Rozitchner
Authors: Exposto Emiliano , Rodriguez Varela Gabriel
Published: November 2018

El artículo busca trazar una articulación entre la lógica del capital como sujeto de lo social y la formación histórica de la subjetividad. Para ello, proponemos una composición entre la relectura categorial respecto de Karl Marx que desarrolla el intelectual canadiense Moishe Postone y la interpretación filosófica sobre Sigmund Freud que elabora el pensador argentino León Rozitchner. En función de eso emprenderemos tres tareas. Primero, dilucidaremos el aparato conceptual de Postone partiendo del libro Tiempo, trabajo y dominación social (2006). Luego, examinaremos la noción de subjetividad en Rozitchner centrándonos en los textos Freud y los límites del individualismo burgués (1972) y Freud y el problema del poder (1985). Y por último, exploraremos las posibles contribuciones al pensamiento contemporáneo.
Lo animal como lugar de resistencia ante la trama sacrificial de la filosofía
Authors: González Anahí Gabriela
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo analiza las posibilidades de resistencia ético-políticas que habilitan la deconstrucción de la dicotomía humano-animal. Se argumenta que el concepto de carno-falogocentrismo visibiliza las taxonomías de subordinación que constituyen la matriz de inteligibilidad de las estructuras de dominación modernas, al establecer nexos oblicuos entre binomios jerarquizados (animal/humano, mujer/hombre, emoción/logos). En este sentido, se sostiene que la deconstrucción interseccional de la maquinaria carno-falogocéntrica posibilita la apertura a otros modos de comunidad en los que no hay una propiedad que delimite un espacio de lo común, sino la promesa de construir otros modos de existir con y entre los otros en la diferencia radical.
A escritura do límite. Kierkegaard ante Kant e Hegel
Authors: Perarnau Vidal Dolors
Published: November 2018

O artigo ten como obxectivo facer un percorrido por tres momentos da escritura filosófica no que o fenómeno do límite ou fronteira do pensamento se pon claramente de manifesto no discurso. En primeiro lugar, Kant, como artífice da produtiva noción dunha “fronteira [Grenze]” da razón como condición e límite do pensamento; en segundo lugar, Hegel, como o seu máximo crítico na “asunción [Aufhebung]” da negación da fronteira kantiana; e, finalmente, Kierkegaard, cuxa contribución á discusión dos seus predecesores consiste no “pathos [Lidenskab]” do límite que Kant demarca e Hegel supera, pois no caso do pensador dinamarqués o límite da filosofía é ao mesmo tempo paradoxo, é dicir, algo que non pode ser coñecido senón tan só re-coñecido pola razón e que pon xustamente a razón no seu límite.
Dosage Compensation and Gene Expression of the X Chromosome in Sheep
Authors: Duan Jingyue (Ellie) , Flock Kaleigh , Jue Nathanial , Zhang Mingyuan , Jones Amanda , Seesi Sahar Al , Mandoiu Ion , Pillai Sambhu , Hoffman Maria , O’Neill Rachel , Zinn Steven , Govoni Kristen , Reed Sarah , Jiang Hesheng , Jiang Zongliang (Carl) , Tian Xiuchun (Cindy)
Published: November 2018

Ohno’s hypothesis predicts that the expression of the single X chromosome in males needs compensatory upregulation to balance its dosage with that of the diploid autosomes. Additionally, X chromosome inactivation ensures that quadruple expression of the two X chromosomes is avoided in females. These mechanisms have been actively studied in mice and humans but lag behind in domestic species. Using RNA sequencing data, we analyzed the X chromosome upregulation in sheep fetal tissues from day 135 of gestation under control, over or restricted maternal diets (100%, 140% and 60% of National Research Council Total Digestible Nutrients), and in conceptuses, juvenile, and adult somatic tissues. By computing the mean expression ratio of all X-linked genes to all autosomal genes (X:A), we found that all samples displayed some levels of X chromosome upregulation. The degrees of X upregulation were not significant (P-value = 0.74) between ovine females and males in the same somatic tissues. Brain, however, displayed complete X upregulation. Interestingly, the male and female reproduction-related tissues exhibited divergent X dosage upregulation. Moreover, expression upregulation of the X chromosome in fetal tissues was not affected by maternal diets. Maternal nutrition, however, did change expression levels of several X-linked genes, such as sex determination genes SOX3 and NR0B1. In summary, our results showed that X chromosome upregulation occurred in nearly all sheep somatic tissues analyzed, thus support Ohno’s hypothesis in a new species. However, the levels of upregulation differed by different subgroups of genes such as those that are house-keeping and “dosage-sensitive”.
Estudio del aprovechamiento animal en el yacimiento de la villa romana del Pla de l’Horta (Sarrià de Ter, Girona) a partir del registro arqueozoológico (s. II d.C.-V/VII d.C.)
Authors: Rufí Isaac , Coromina Neus , Costa Ana , Nolla Josep María
Published: November 2018

En este artículo se ofrecen, de forma preliminar, los resultados del estudio de la fauna recuperada en las excavaciones de la villa del Pla de l’Horta (Sarrià de Ter, Gironès) llevadas a cabo en los años 2014-15. A partir del numeroso conjunto de restos faunísticos apa- recidos en los trabajos arqueológicos, el objetivo es conocer cuál fue la evolución de la com- posición del ganado y de las estrategias de consumo y aprovechamiento animal desde finales del siglo II d.C. al período visigodo (siglos V-VII d.C.) en esta villa suburbana localizada en el territorium de Gerunda. El estudio muestra una economía ganadera fundamentada principalmente en la explotación del porcino y del bovino entre finales del siglo II y el siglo III d.C., para la obtención de carne, leche y fuerza de trabajo. Estos recursos se complementaban con los caprinos, aves de corral y anima- les de caza. A partir del bajo imperio, la dinámica se va transformando hasta llegar al período visigodo, momento en el que juegan un papel capital tanto bovinos como equinos.
Screening for Iron Deficiency in Early Childhood Using Serum Ferritin in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Oatley Hannah , Borkhoff Cornelia M. , Chen Shiyi , Macarthur Colin , Persaud Navindra , Birken Catherine S. , Maguire Jonathon L. , Parkin Patricia C. ,   on behalf of the TARGet Kids! Collaboration
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVES:

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends universal screening for anemia using hemoglobin at 12 months. However, hemoglobin lacks diagnostic accuracy for iron deficiency, and the optimal age for screening has not been determined. Our objective was to assess a screening strategy for iron deficiency using serum ferritin.

METHODS:

We conducted a cross-sectional study of children 1 to 3 years old attending a health supervision visit. We examined the relationship between child age and serum ferritin, age and hemoglobin, hemoglobin and serum ferritin, and the prevalence of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP).

RESULTS:

Restricted cubic spline analysis (n = 1735) revealed a nonlinear relationship between age and serum ferritin (P < .0001). A linear spline model revealed that from 12 to 15 months, for each 1-month increase in age, serum ferritin levels decreased by 9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5 to 13). From 15 to 24 months, the rate of change was nonsignificant. From 24 to 38 months, for each month increase in age, serum ferritin increased by 2% (95% CI: 1 to 2). For hemoglobin, from 12 to 24 months, the rate of change was nonsignificant. From 24 to 38 months, for each 1-month increase in age, hemoglobin increased by 20% (95% CI: 9 to 32). Compared with the serum ferritin cutoff of <12 μg/L, the hemoglobin cutoff of <110 g/L had a sensitivity of 25% (95% CI: 19 to 32) and a specificity of 89% (95% CI: 87 to 91). Elevated CRP ≥10 mg/L occurred in 3.3% (95% CI: 2.5 to 4.2).

CONCLUSIONS:

Screening for iron deficiency using serum ferritin at 15 or 18 months may be a promising strategy. For children at low risk for acute inflammation, concurrent measurement of CRP may not be necessary.
Building energy analysis of an industrial hall based on dynamic simulations
Authors: Szagri D. , Nagy B.
Published: November 2018

The aim of the paper is primarily to evaluate the heating energy demand of an industrial hall. In the study, we have made multidimensional dynamic whole building simulations for describing coupled heat and moisture behaviour and energy consumption of the building with different internal loads and compared to the calculated energy consumption of the building according to the Hungarian and Austrian regulations. The walls and roof structure of the industrial building were made with insulated panel systems, the plinth wall was built with monolithic reinforced concrete with 12 cm of XPS insulation. The floor is made of steel fibre reinforced concrete, where 10 cm XPS perimeter insulation was applied. After the calculations, we insulated the floor on the whole surface with 10 cm XPS and investigated the modified structure’s heating energy demand too. In the paper, we analyse the energy consumption of the original and modified industrial building according to the monthly and seasonal calculations and the whole building dynamic simulations and evaluated the differences. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of internal loads, thermal bridges on the simulations.
Numerical evaluation of thermal discomfort in conditions of surface heating and asymmetric radiation
Authors: Kalmár F. , Kalmár T.
Published: November 2018

This paper presents the results of analytical analysis of thermal comfort and radiation asymmetry in case of wall heating depending on the room geometry and thermal properties of the external wall. The negative effects of radiation asymmetry on thermal comfort in case of summer conditions can be lowered using advanced personalized ventilation systems. In case of buildings with poor thermal properties of the envelope during the winter period low surface temperatures may occur. The aim of this research was to analyse the thermal asymmetry in the case of a room with one external wall and wall heating installed on the opposite wall. It was assumed that the radiation asymmetry will lead to discomfort and it was hypothesised that the discomfort might be reduced increasing the air velocity. The results have proven that thermal asymmetry in the middle of the room will not lead to thermal discomfort even for walls without any additional thermal insulation. However, the mean radiant temperature varies significantly depending on the position of the occupant in the room. In this case, the personalized control on the air velocity can help to improve the thermal comfort conditions.
Design of a residential building in confined urban spaces in terms of daylighting optimization and insolation of flats – a case study
Authors: Iringová A.
Published: November 2018

Urban density and its impact on the availability of daylight and direct sunlight in a residential building. The light comfort in the living spaces and the insolation of flats, the requirements. Influence of outdoor light intensity on the intensity of daylighting in the living spaces. Dimensional, shape, and layout solution of a residential building in the area with extremely high external shading by surrounding development – a case study.
Structural elements with transparent wood in architecture
Authors: Katunský D. , Kanócz J. , Karľa V.
Published: November 2018

Transparent wood is a relatively new material. For the first time, it was created in 1992 by a German researcher Siegfried Fink. Back then he turned wood transparent to reveal its specific cavities for analytical purpose. But it was not until between 2015 and 2016 when Professor Lars Berglund from Swedish KTH University and Professor Liangbing Hu from University of Maryland developed a method to remove colour and some chemicals from small wood samples and added polymers to make it transparent. The material then has the higher strength than original wood while having a 90% transparency. In the future it can be used as an ecological building material which is significantly more biodegradable than plastic or glass. In the present article, examples of the possible use of transparent wood in the construction of structural elements in architecture are given. Examples of beam type load bearing elements and structural parts of the wall structures with use of transparent wood are presented.
Adaptive solar shading of buildings
Authors: Hraska J.
Published: November 2018

Adaptive solar shading systems have in comparison with the traditional systems of shading increased potential ability to improve the quality of the indoor environment and to increase the energy performance of buildings. Their extension allows all-around technological progress, but also the extensive application of large-scale glazing in building envelopes almost in all climatic regions. The literature review shows that the characteristics of the individual adaptive shading systems differ. Some have better performance in the sun protection or in improving the building's energy balance; others for example are better in glare elimination or in redistribution of daylight. The main purpose of this contribution is to provide a classification of the adaptive solar shading systems. In the article are compared merits and shortcomings of adaptive shading systems and are shortly analyzed assumptions of their wider application in central European climate conditions. Attention is also given to advantages and disadvantages, which brings the application of some kinds of adaptive solar shading systems. Several examples of adaptive shading systems are shown and briefly characterized.
The applicability of different energy performance calculation methods for building life cycle environmental optimization
Authors: Kiss B. , Szalay ZS.
Published: November 2018

Building life cycle assessment is getting more and more attention within the topic of environmental impact caused by the built environment. Although more and more research focus on the embodied impact of buildings, the investigation of the operational energy use still needs attention. The majority of the building stock still does not comply with the nearly zero energy requirements. Also, in case of retrofitting, when most of the embodied impact is already spent on the existing structures (and so immutable), the importance of the operational energy rises. There are several methods to calculate the energy performance of buildings covering the range from simplified seasonal methods to detailed hourly energy simulations. Not only the accuracy of the calculations, but the computational time can be significantly different within the methods. The latter is especially important in case of optimization, when there is limited time to perform one calculation. Our research shows that the use of different calculation techniques can lead to different optima for environmental impacts in case of retrofitting. In this paper we compare these calculation methods with focus on computational time, accuracy and applicability to environmental optimization of buildings. We present the results in a case study of the retrofitting of a middle-sized apartment house in Hungary.
Combining scientific approaches in building science and architectural design in academia: A case study
Authors: Pont U. , Swoboda S. , Jonas A. , Waldmayer F. , Schober P. , Priebernig H. , Mahdavi A.
Published: November 2018

A successful coupling of architectural design with multi-aspect building performance assessment is a complex, but necessary requirement for today’s building planning- and retrofit-activities. Architects are required to not only possess the vocabulary and basic knowledge in multiple fields, but must also work in collaborative design teams, composed of different domain specialists (e.g., structural engineers and building simulation experts). However, training in collaborative work is rarely provided in academic surroundings. In this contribution, we describe an educational effort toward interdisciplinary work on a specific and clearly defined architectural design task, which strongly necessitates the consideration of performance mandates. The task is the retrofit and redesign of an existing building façade from the 1950s. “Rationalist” buildings of this period often display reasonable functional solutions and good daylight availability, but they have performance shortcomings in other areas. These encompass, for instance, poor thermal performance of the envelope, lack of sufficient indoor environmental control, and unsatisfactory overall appearance. In a combined design studio and project course for building performance modelling, students from different disciplinary backgrounds formed interdisciplinary design teams. These teams worked together on façade retrofit ideas for the aforementioned building, considering both aesthetic aspects and performance issues from the very first design sketch. This led to the development and performance evaluation of a number of original façade retrofit ideas. In addition, the students were asked to devise the building process management. They thus had to consider not only design issues, but practical matters of building construction. The present contribution illustrates the scope, the applied approaches, and the concrete results of this interdisciplinary academic effort.
KONDISI PARAMETER FISIKO-KIMIAWI PERAIRAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PRODUKSI RUMPUT LAUT DI WILAYAH PESISIR KABUPATEN TAKALAR, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Ramdhan Muhammad
Published: November 2018

Pertumbuhan rumput laut jenis Eucheuma sp. dipengaruhi oleh faktor oseanografi meliputi parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi spasial parameter fisiko-kimiawi perairan dan pengaruhnya terhadap produksi rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii. Distribusi spasial parameter fisiko-kimiawi perairan dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama (Principal Component Analysis, PCA). Hubungan antara parameter fisiko-kimiawi perairan dengan produksi rumput laut dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Analisis distribusi spasial parameter fisiko-kimiawi perairan menghasilkan 3 kelompok utama, dimana pengaruh stasiun sangat dominan dalam pengelompokan tersebut. Parameter fisiko-kimiawi perairan memberikan karakteristik yang berbeda antara kedua lokasi pengamatan (Kecamatan Sanrobone dan Mangarabombang), hal tersebut ditunjukkan dari perbedaan nyata antara kandungan suhu, BOT, kedalaman, DO dan kecepatan arus. Dari hasil analisis regresi linear berganda diperoleh parameter kunci yang mempengaruhi produksi rumput laut pada kedua lokasi, yaitu suhu, BOT dan kedalaman untuk Kecamatan Sanrobone, sedangkan parameter suhu, DO dan kecepatan arus untuk Kecamatan Mangarabombang.
KESESUAIAN KONDISI OSEANOGRAFI DALAM MENDUKUNG EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI PULAU PARI
Authors: Corvianawatie Corry , Abrar Muhammad
Published: November 2018

Parameter kualitas air laut meliputi suhu, salinitas, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), dan kekeruhan (turbiditas) merupakan faktor penting yang harus diukur secara kontinu untuk memonitor kondisi laut dan dampaknya bagi biota laut. Karang merupakan salah satu biota laut sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan kualitas air laut, khusunya suhu permukaan laut. Kondisi air laut yang melebihi ambang batas yang dapat ditolerir oleh karang, diduga dapat menghambat laju pertumbuhan maupun proses resiliensinya. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami kondisi oseanografi dan kesesuaiannya dalam mendukung ekosistem terumbu karang. Pulau Pari dipilih menjadi area kajian karena wilayah ini memiliki keanekaragaman ekosistem terumbu karang yang cukup tinggi. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengukuran kualitas air laut pada bulan Maret dan Juni 2015 di tiga stasiun pengamatan utama yaitu PR01 (Daerah Perlindungan Biota Laut), PR02 (Goba Pulau Tikus), dan PR03 (Bintang Rama) yang merupakan lokasi ekosistem terumbu karang. Selain itu dilakukan pula pengukuran di 14 stasiun pengamatan untuk mengetahui pola kualitas air secara spasial. Studi ini menghasilkan informasi suhu permukaan laut berada pada rentang 28.5 hingga 29.5 oC; salinitas air laut berada pada rentang 29.0 hingga 30.5 psu; pH berada pada rentang 8.3 hingga 8.43 satuan; turbiditas berada pada rentang 0 hingga 1.4 NTU; dan DO berada pada rentang 4 hingga 5.3 mg/L. Kualitas air laut pada dua bulan tersebut masih sesuai dengan baku mutu air laut khususnya bagi karang, yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia, kecuali untuk parameter DO pada bulan Juni 2015 yang berada di bawah ambang batas minimum.
Saúde mental: concepções e práticas de agentes comunitários de saúde da cidade de Joinville
Authors: Schmidt Ana Carolina , Berns Bianca , Sergio Gislaine , Lehmann Marina , Ehrlich Vanessa Cristina , Zimath Sofia Cieslak
Published: November 2018

Este estudo investigou as concepções e práticas em saúde mental de agentes comunitários de saúde da cidade de Joinville. A pesquisa quali-quantitativa foi realizada com 40 ACS de cinco unidades básicas de saúde da cidade. Os resultados apontaram que 80% dos participantes não se sentem preparados para a demanda relativa à saúde mental. O entendimento de saúde mental dos agentes comunitários foi orientado pelo conceito da doença em 67% das respostas. Foi possível observar práticas endereçadas ao encaminhamento médico. Por outro lado, a preocupação com uma prática humanizada também foi expressada. A concepção de saúde mental marcada pela questão da doença deve ser compreendida em sua relação com a sociedade. Além disso, indica a necessidade de capacitação na área.
Daylighting Metrics: an Approach to Dynamic Cubic Illuminance
Authors: Monteoliva Juan Manuel , Villalba Ayelén , Pattini Andrea
Published: November 2018

Advances in research work in the field of numerical analysis of daylight performance have generated in-depth knowledge on photometric measurements of daylight quality. Most dynamic metrics are based on illuminance, which is a two-dimensional concept insofar as it is concerned with the density of luminous flux incident at a point on a surface. In order to extend dynamic metrics into the third dimension and consider the distribution of illumination at a point in space, it is important to generate new advances in simulation environments and consider spatial illumination metrics. In this context, the main objective of the present work was to advance in the development of cubic dynamic daylight metrics, as a complement to the two dimensional analysis currently employed, promoting the use of Climate Based Daylight Modelling (CBDM). For this purpose, cylindrical to horizontal illuminance ratio is applied to dynamic simulation paradigm developing the concept of useful modeling indexs (UMIs). The research methodology applied in this work is divided into two main parts: (i) two dimensional concept: spatial daylight autonomy (sDA(300lx,50%) -horizontal-, sDA(175lx,50%) -vertical-) and uniformity, and (ii) three dimensional concept: useful cylindrical to horizontal illuminance ratio (uEcl/Eh(0.3-0.6)). In order to assess this method, two spaces (RR1 and RR2) of the Lavalle Public Library, located in Mendoza-Argentina, were taken as a case study. Results show important differences in horizontal illuminance between RR1 and RR2 (∆sDA(300lx, 50%) > 80%). Similar values of uEcl/Ewp(0.3-0.6) -useful cylindrical to horizontal illuminance ratio- are detected in both rooms (RR1= 69.32 % and RR2= 72.24 %) in nodes near north opening. Yet there are significant differences (< 36%) of uEcl/Ewp(0.3-0.6) between nodes located near the south wall, this is due to the obstruction of a south opening in RR2. Furthermore, it is important to mention that 2D metrics display a more uniform behavior than 3D metrics. This shows itself clearly if we take into account that difference in sDA are much lower than difference in uEcl/Eh(0.3-0.6), if we compare nodes closest to the north windows to does that are far from it, in both rooms (RR1 and RR2). This results from the fact that cubic metrics are more sensitive to the direction of light. This is of crucial importance for daylight studies in clear sky condition, due to the defined direction of direct solar radiation. Finally, a new approach to daylighting performance analysis based on the addition of cubic metrics to dynamic daylight paradigm is proposed: useful modelling indexs (UMIs). UMIs make it possible to quantify annual occurrence of proper light modelling conditions. As an initial approach, cylindrical to horizontal illuminance ratio (Ecl/Ewp(0.3-0.6)) has been considered, due to its current use in international standards.
Face to Face: Christian Borchert's Artist Portraits from 1975/76
Authors: Kaschek Bertram
Published: November 2018

Face to Face: Christian Borchert's Artist Portraits from 1975/76

The Artist Portraits from 1975/76 were Christian Borchert's (1942–2000) first great project as a freelance photographer. For almost two years, Borchert travelled the GDR in order to take the likenesses of about 200 artists (painters, sculptors, writers, composers and film-makers). He finally presented a good number of them in two much-noticed Berlin exhibitions in the fall of 1976. This article investigates the aesthetic, social and political implications of Borchert's complex project, which so far has never been subject to detailed scholarly analysis. It demonstrates how Borchert, working in a totalitarian system, which attempted to socialize, profile and control public discourse, made use of photography as a medium of negotiation between the private and the public, between individual aspirations and official ideals, and between art and politics.
Nível de atividade física e risco de quedas em idosos institucionalizados
Authors: Alves Roberta Almeida , Lombardi Júnior Império , Agner Vania Fernanda Clemente
Published: November 2018

INTRODUÇÃO: O envelhecimento se caracteriza pelo declínio progressivo de todos os processos fisiológicos, o que acarreta em alterações de todos os órgãos e sistemas, gerando perda de força muscular e déficit de equilíbrio. Esses processos podem ser agravados se o indivíduo for inativo fisicamente. OBJETIVO: avaliar o nível de atividade física e risco de quedas em idosos institucionalizados. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo transversal, realizado com os 24 idosos residentes em uma ILPI, na cidade de São Paulo. Para a avaliação do equilíbrio foi utilizada a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg e a avaliação do nível de atividade física, realizada por meio do IPAQ. RESULTADOS: a frequência de quedas nos últimos 3 meses foi de 16,66% e para o último ano de 20,83%. Idosos com tempo de institucionalização menor que 5 anos apresentam maior risco de quedas do que os idosos com maior tempo de institucionalização. Em relação à deambulação observamos que 41,66% dos homens deambulavam, índice este superior ao sexo feminino. Quanto ao equilíbrio, foi observado que 83,33% do total dos idosos apresentavam déficit de equilíbrio, sendo destes 50% com 80 anos ou mais. Em relação ao IPAQ, 87,5% dos idosos foram classificados como sedentários. CONCLUSÃO: A partir deste estudo foi possível concluir que, idosos residentes nessa ILPI apresentam alto índice de risco de quedas, sendo este risco maior em idosos do sexo feminino e idosos institucionalizados a menos de 5 anos. Houve alta taxa de sedentarismo e foi maior em indivíduos com idade superior a 80 anos.
IMMUNOGENIC CANCER-TESTIS ANTIGENS AND THEIR GENES IN MALIGNANT TUMORS
Authors: Golyshko P. V. , Baryshnikov K. A. , Baryshnikov' A. Yu.
Published: November 2018

The analysis of CTG and CTA expression in malignant tumors described in this review has been showed that different types of tumors are significantly different from each other according to the frequency of CTA mRNA expression. Melanoma, ovarian cancer and lung cancer have a very high frequency of CTA expression. Lymphoma, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer have a low frequency of CTA expression. Breast cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer demonstrate an intermediate level of CTA expression. High degree malignant tumors in late clinical stage with metastases showed a greater incidence of CTA -gene expression. CTA-genes are expressed together in tumor. If the tumor is positive for one CTA-gene then the expression of several genes is possible. Immunogenic CTA-s are a well object for anti-tumor vaccines creating.
BASIC DETERMINANTS OF MELANOMA STEM CELL
Authors: Vartanian A. A. , Oborotova M. V.
Published: November 2018

Melanoma is considered to be the deadliest form of skin cancer. For years it has been accepted that all melanoma cells in tumor are capable of tumor formation and each of them has the ability to initiate the metastasis. At present a stem cell theory of cancer has been developed, which purports that a subpopulation of self-renewing tumor cells is responsible for tumorogenesis, neoangiogenesis and stroma building. In this review we will discuss the basic determinants of melanoma stem cell and melanoma stem cell targeting implications.
PRECLINICAL STUDY OF INDOLOCARBAZOLES N-GLYCOSIDES DERIVATIVE LCS-1208 ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY. REPORT I
Authors: Kiseleva M. P. , Shprakh Z. S. , Borisova L. M. , Kubasova I. Yu. , Lantsova A. V. , Sanarova E. V. , Oborotova N. A. , Smirnova Z. S. , Baryshnikov A. Yu.
Published: November 2018

This article presents the results of preclinical study of antitumor activity of indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles N-glycosides derivative (LCS-1208) in pharmaceutical dosage form for intravenous administration - lyophilisate for injection. LCS-1208 high antitumor efficiency has been shown by different regimens of administration on tumors of diverse histogenesis: LCS-1208 exhibited increase of life span (ILS) 76% on lympoblastosis P-388 and ILS 76 % and 33 % recovery of Fisher lympadenosis L5178Y by 25 mg/kg daily intravenous administration during 5 days. Whereas LCS-1208 demonstrated high antitumor efficiency on solid tumors by 150 mg/kg single intravenous dosing: on LLC - tumor growth inhibition (TGI) 95% - 81% during 9 days and on RShM-5 (TGI 74% - 56% during 9 days). LCS-1208 appeared statistically significant TGI 51 % and 47 % on 3rd and 7th days after 150 mg/kg single intravenous dosing on established tumor. Comparative study of LCS-1208 substance and dosage form by intraperitoneal injection has shown that decrease of therapeutic dose to 110 mg/kg, which doesn’t induce death of animals, resulted only in dosage form antitumor effect (TGI 74-75 % during 8 days after the end of treatment).
HYSTERESIS OF BLOOD DIELECTRIC CHARACTERISTICS - TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Romanov A. N. , Kovrigin A. O. , Lazarev A. F. , Lubennikov V. A. , Romanov D. A.
Published: November 2018

The paper presents the results of the study of dielectric blood characteristics - 20% solution of human albumin, 40% solution of glucose and 0,9% solution of NaCl, at the temperature ranging from 30 to 42 °C and the frequency of 0,6 GHz. At 37 °C the blood and albumin showed an abrupt increase in absorption. The hysteresis of temperature - absorption of blood and albumin in the heating-cooling cycles has been revealed. Addition of nanoparticles of iron oxide and carbon to albumin solution leads to the change of temperature dependence as compared to the nanoparticle-free albumin solution.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE IN HUMAN SKIN MELANOMA CELL LINES
Authors: Afanasieva D. A. , Baryshnikova M. A. , Zabotina T. N. , Borunova A. A. , Burova O. S. , Rybalkina E. Yu. , Nikolina A. A. , Kadagidze Z. G.
Published: November 2018

MDR is the main obstacle to chemotherapy efficiency. MDR can grow in cancer cells even if only the one cytostatic agent will act. The aim of the nowadays work is to characterize MDR in metastatic human skin melanoma cell lines prepared in “N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center”. pgpl70 expression was detected by immunofluorescence methods. mRNA of MDR gene was identified by Reverse Transcriptase- PCR( RT-PCR) method. Rhodamine 123 (Rhl23) emission has been evaluated by flow cyto- fluorimetiy, cytotoxic activity was estimated by MTT-tests. The cells sensitivity to Aianoza cytostatic effects has showed that mel Kor cells were sensitive to Aranoza acting, but mel Ibr and mel Mtp X were not. Mel Ibr cells had expressed pgpl70 from 35 to 50 per cent, it was detected by immunofluorescence reaction. Mel Kor and mel Mtp-X cells were not expressed P-glycoprotein. mRNA of genes responsible for multi-drug resistance - MDR1, BCRP, MRP1 and LRP (MVP) - were detected by PCR. mRNA of BCRP and MRP1 genes has low expression, barely visible stripes after 33 cycles in all cell lines samples. LRP (MVP) genes expression of mRNA, unfortunately, never managed to see. YB1 gene mRNA expression is well, it is typically for cancer cells. mRNA of gene was found in mel MtpX and mel Ibr subclones cell lines. Mel Kor cells didn't contain mRNA of MDR1 gene. The study of the Rhl23 emission from cells showed that mel Kor control cells had accumulated Rhl23 and didn't throw it out. Mel Ibr cell line accumulated Rhl23 and threw out the half part of it. Mel MtpX cell tine had accumulated the less part of Rhl23 and almost all were thrown out. Thus, the study shows that mel Kor cell tine that are sensitive to Aranoza doesn't express pgpl70, not contain mRNA of multi-chug resistance genes and does not throw Rhl23. Mel Ibr cells resistant to the Aranoza cytotoxic action express pgpl70 ,contain mRNA of MDR1 gene and throw out Rhl23. However, mel MtpX cell line resistant to Aranoza does not express pgpl70, but contains mRNA of MDR1 gene and actively throws out Rhl23.
TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BIOMODIFIED ENZYME DRUG - L-ASPARAGINASE WAS79
Authors: Pereverzeva E. R. , Treschalin I. D. , Voznyakovskaya E. V. , Treschalin M. I. , Pereverzeva T. B. , Eremkin N. V. , Bulushova N. V. , Sannikova E. P.
Published: November 2018

Toxicological study of L-asparaginase Was79, obtained by modification of native enzyme Wolinella succinogenes in Research Institute of Genetics and Selection, was performed in male and female inbred rats. L-asparaginase was injected intraperitoneally at the 1 and 10 therapeutic dose (15x1200 IU/kg or 15x12000 IU/kg with 24-h interval). Dynamics of body weight, hematological parameters, blood biochemical parameters, electrocardiography and urinalysis were performed for all animals. Five animals in each group were sacrificed 1 and 15 days post treatment. At necropsy, the organs were inspected macroscopically. The mass coefficients of heart, kidneys, liver, spleen and thymus were calculated. The pathomorphological evaluation was performed for internal organs. The results of the study demonstrate that the treatment with L-asparaginase Was79 did not produce any changes in body weight, hematology, blood biochemical or urinary parameters. Hematological, renal, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic toxicity of L-asparaginase have been documented only by microscopic pathology observation. Liver toxicity, revealed in the histopathological findings, was supported by the results of clinical chemistry. Marked elevation of ALT and alkaline phosphatase in serum was found in both treated groups. Most of these abnormalities were reversible and dose-dependent.
DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER DIAGNOSTICS AND MONITORING METHODS BASED ON ANALYSIS OF TUMOR-DERIVED EXOSOMES
Authors: Malek A. V. , Samsonov R. B. , Chiesi A. .
Published: November 2018

Exosomes are small (80 - 130 nm) membrane vesicles secreted by virtually all cell types. The main physiological function of exosomes is considered to transfer substance and information from cell to cell. The biochemical composition of exosomes retains similarities with the cell of origin and reflects their endosomal biogenesis; moreover exosomes contain various signaling and regulatory molecules, components of the extracellular matrix and enzymes. Malignant transformation is associated with the activation of the exosomes secretion by cells. Cancer cell - derived exosomes are shown to play essential role in disease progression. The most significant effects of exosomes include suppression of anti-tumor immunity, stimulation of invasive growth and metastasis, the development of chemo- resistance. Tumor-derived exosomes can be detected in biological fluids, including blood. Exosomes are biochemically stable, their complex composition determines the possibility of comprehensive analysis. Thus, circulating exosomes have emerged as a promising source of cancer diagnostics material as it was demonstrated by number of studies. Although many substantial and methodological questions still remain to be addressed. This review briefly summarizes the current concepts of exosomes biology and discusses the main methodological aspects of exosomes research. Results of recent investigations aimed to develop new methods for cancer diagnosis and monitoring based on the analysis of exosomes and exosomal components are presented in great details.
New method of extraction of intact nuclei from cells for flow cytometry fluorescence immunoassay
Authors: Nikulitskiy S. I. , Tyrsina E. G. , Inshakov A. N. , Borovkova N. B.
Published: November 2018

Background. Identification of cellular proteins can be performed by indirect immunofluorescence assay using flow cytometry. However, this method allows to detect cellular proteins that are either on the cell surface or inside the cell and cannot demonstrate a protein distribution within cellular compartments, particularly in nucleus. Meanwhile, the nuclear localization of the protein of interest in many respects gives an indication of the mechanisms of its action. Therefore, the development of the protocol of extraction of nuclei suitable for analysis on a flow cytometer is able to complement the information about the localization and functional significance of many nucleus-associated proteins. Objective. The aim of this study was to develope a method for extraction, purification and stabilization of intact nuclei suitable for flow cytofluorimetry analysis. Materials and methods. In this work we studied the nuclear localization of the receptor type 1 for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-R1). The A431 human cancer cell line was used as an object of the study. The quality of extracted nuclei was assessed by microscopic examination of stained smears of nuclear suspension. Expression of the receptor was determined by indirect immunofluorescence assay using flow cytometry. Results. New method was successfully applied to obtain the suspension of intact cellular nuclei that is crucial to perform further flow cytometry. Applied method revealed the presence of the receptor type 1 for vascular endothelial growth factor at the external nuclear membrane and inside of the nucleus. Interesting to note that the presence of the receptor type 1 for vascular endothelial growth factor inside ofthe nucleus was 3,8 times as much as its surface location (17,9 ± 1,04 % and 4,8 + 0,26 % respectively). Conclusions. The new method of extraction, purification and stabilization ofthe nuclei is applicable for proteins identification by flow cytometry. In combination with other methods (ICC, Western blotting, etc.) flow cytometry of intact nuclei is able to complement the information about the properties of nucleus-associated proteins.
IMPACT OF TUMOR-DERIVED FACTORS ON DENDRITIC CELLS IN CANCER
Authors: Keskinov A. A. , Shurin M. R. , Bukhman V. M. , Shprakh Z. S.
Published: November 2018

Dendritic cells play key role during tumorigenesis and immune response to it. They are able to uptake and present antigens to T cells, resulting in specific T cell mediated immune response. Furthermore, interaction between dendritic cells and other types of immune cells may boost cell-mediated and humoral immune response to cancer. Contrary to that, numerous tumor-derived factors may attract dendritic cells to neoplastic sites, causing impairment of their maturation, differentiation, and functional activity, resulting in deficiency of anti-tumor immune response or dendritic cell-mediated tolerance. Various factors within tumor microenvironment may either stimulate or inhibit dendritic cells and therefore need to be determined for improving efficacy of biotherapy utilizing dendritic cells. Meanwhile, recovery of dendritic cells functions in cancer patients remains one of primary aims for cancer immunotherapy. This review outlines main types of tumor-derived factors and their impact on dendritic cells in cancer.
COMPARISON IMMUNOCHEMOTHERAPY AND CHEMOTHERAPY EFFICASY IN FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA
Authors: Falaleeva N. A.
Published: November 2018

Introduction. Immunochemotherapy is an obligate component in treatment of follicular lymphoma (FL). Monoclonal antibodies to CD20 antigen is the most well studied and frequently used drug. Chemotherapy department of Russian Cancer Research Center has a very good experience in FL treatment using rituximab. In the article we characterize and compare two methods of treatment of FL - polychemotherapy vs chemotherapy. Materials and methods. 286 patients with FL were included into analysis. In 125 (44 %) from 286 patients polychemotherapy was used as a first line of FL treatment. In 161 (56 %) patients rituximab was added to chemothrepy regimens. Analysis of survival and disease-free survival was done according to Kaplan-Meier. Analysis of treatment results has been done according to international criteria of treatment response in non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. In statistical calculations SPSS program for Windows was used. Results. Responses to treatment were significantly better in immunochemotherapy group of patients, p = 0,002. In unifactorial analysis rituximab significantly improved both overall and disease-free sirvival. Taking in mind that groups of patients receiving chemotherapy and immunochemotherapy were not completely identical we performed multifactorial analysis, Coxs regression analysis. In that case (Cox regression analysis) significant advantages of immunochemotherapy were noted in improving disease-free survival in FL patients (р = 0,000); significant influence on overall survival was not noted (p = 0,44). Addition of rituximab did not improved overall and disease-free survival in a group (n = 88; 31 %) of refractory and early relapsing FL. Conclusion. Addition of rituximab to polychemotherapy in FL patients significantly improved treatment results. In multifactorial analysis immunochemotherapy was the most important prognostic factors of favourable prognosis of disease-free survival. In that analysis rituximab did not influenced on overall survival and on survival in refractory and early relapsing FL.
ANTI-TUMOR EFFECT OF CPDA ENANTIOMERS IN VITRO IN THE MODEL OF ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA
Authors: Savinkova A. V. , Tilova L. R. , Borisova O. I. , Zhidkova E. M. , Kuzin K. A. , Kirsanov K. I. , Belitsky G. A. , Budunova I. V. , Yakubovskaya M. G. , Lesovaya E. A.
Published: November 2018

Introduction. Glucocorticoids are the important component of combined chemotherapy of blood cancer. Therapeutic effects of glucocorticoids is realized via activation of glucocorticoid receptor transrepression, the development of side effects is associated with transactivation. We demonstrated earlier that compound belonging the class of selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists, CpdA, selectively induced transrepression in blood cancer cells. CpdA represents a mixture of two enantiomers, which can differ in interaction with the receptor. Aim. The main aim of present study was to synthesize CpdA enantiomers and to evaluate their biological properties. Materials and methods. Synthesis was carried out based on Sharpless dihydroxylation; anti-tumor activity in vitro was evaluated by antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. Ligand properties were estimated by PCR-analysis of glucocorticoid- and NF-kB-dependent genes expression. Results and conclusions. We demonstrated that CpdA enantiomers revealed anti-tumor activity in vitro and did not induce transactivation. Moreover, S-enantiomer of CpdA in the most tests demonstrated more pronounced activity and is more perspective molecule for future studies in vivo.