bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hdac8 Inhibitor Alleviates Transverse Aortic Constriction-Induced Heart Failure in Mice by Downregulating Ace1
Authors: Zhao Tingwei , Kee Hae Jin , Kee Seung-Jung , Jeong Myung Ho
Published: January 2022

Background. Heart failure is characterized by activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which is involved in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension. Recently, we reported that Hdac8 inhibition alleviates isoproterenol-induced and angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy or hypertension in mice. Here, the effect and regulatory mechanisms of the Hdac8 selective inhibitor PCI34051 on pressure overload-induced heart failure were examined. Methods and Results. At week 6 posttransverse aortic constriction (TAC), mice were administered with PCI34051 (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg bodyweight/day) for 2 weeks. The therapeutic effects of PCI34051 on TAC-induced cardiac and lung hypertrophy were determined by examining the heart weight-to-bodyweight and lung weight-to-bodyweight ratios and the cross-sectional cardiomyocyte area. Echocardiography analysis revealed that PCI34051 mitigated TAC-induced decreased ejection fraction and fractional shortening. Additionally, the expression of Hdac8 was upregulated in the cardiac and pulmonary tissues of TAC mice. The expression levels of Ace1 and Agtr1 were upregulated, whereas those of Ace2 and Agtr2 were downregulated in TAC mice. PCI34051 treatment or Hdac8 knockdown alleviated inflammation as evidenced by Rela downregulation and Nfkbia upregulation in mice, as well as in cardiomyocytes, but not in cardiac fibroblasts. Hdac8 overexpression-induced Rela pathway activation was downregulated in Ace1 knockdown cells. Picrosirius red staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting analyses revealed that PCI34051 alleviated fibrosis and downregulated fibrosis-related genes. Moreover, PCI34051 or Hdac8 knockdown in rat cardiac fibroblasts alleviated cardiac fibrosis through the Tgfb1-Smad2/3 pathway. The results of overexpression and knockdown experiments revealed that Hdac8 and Ace1 promote inflammation and fibrosis. Conclusions. Treatment with PCI34051 enhanced cardiac and lung functions in the TAC-induced heart failure mouse model. These data suggest that HDAC8 is a potential novel therapeutic target for heart failure accompanied by pathological lung diseases.
Moxibustion for Primary Dysmenorrhea: An Adjuvant Therapy for Pain Relief
Authors: Pan Sian , Wang Shaohua , Li Juan , Yuan Hanyu , Xue Xiao , Liu Yu , Yue Zenghui
Published: January 2022

The latest spectrum of moxibustion disease shows that primary dysmenorrhea is a high-frequency symptom of moxibustion and that it is the dominant clinical disease. In the specific treatment methods, all types of moxibustion methods have been widely used, such as thermal, thunder fire, partitioned, and spreading moxibustion. Moxibustion plays a therapeutic role through its four mechanisms of action: heat, light, moxa smoke, and drug effects. The mechanism of moxibustion treatment for primary dysmenorrhea focuses on adjusting endocrine hormones, regulating immune function and neuro-related factors, and improving uterine microcirculation. In this study, based on the clinical evidence of different moxibustion methods for treating primary dysmenorrhea, the design model, intervention characteristics, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Meanwhile, the brain effect mechanisms of different imaging methods were summarized from the perspective of neuroimaging. It was pointed out that the left anterior cingulate gyrus, left inferior parietal angular gyrus, and left superior gyrus may be the analgesic brain regions that regulate sensory, emotional, and cognitive aspects. Moreover, the neural circuits involved can be inferred: the frontal cortex-basal ganglia (the pea nucleus)-cerebral cortex, which mediates motivation and emotional drive, and the parietal lobe-basal ganglia-limbic lobe-frontal lobe, which is involved in neurotransmitter transport and emotional regulation and behavioral expression. There are still problems and deficiencies in studies on the mechanism of moxibustion treatment for primary dysmenorrhea. Studies should be strengthened on how moxibustion produces an effect. Attention should be paid to exploring how the spectrum range and peak in the light effect of moxibustion treat primary dysmenorrhea. Studies assessing the mechanisms of moxibustion treatment for primary dysmenorrhea should be conducted to provide an experimental basis and evidence-based medical evidence for clinical treatment.
Intelligent Assessment of Mental Health Based on Multisource Information Fusion
Authors: Jing Yumei
Published: January 2022

Mental health problems will seriously damage social harmony and family happiness. This paper proposes a study on mental health intelligence assessment based on multisource information fusion. Combining the data description of UPI and SCL-90 and the corresponding task requirement analysis, the multisource information fusion visualization based on the Circos diagram is designed and realized, and the parallel coordinate visualization is established. The MDS algorithm is used to project multidimensional survey objects into low-dimensional visualization space, and the actual UPI and SCL-90 questionnaire data for 278 students of a certain major at a university provided by the cooperative unit are used. The results show that the mental health problems of student A are serious, and the symptoms of depression and schizophrenia are prominent, so it is necessary to seek psychological experts for corresponding treatment in time. By contrast, student B's mental health problems are also serious, and the user judges that student B still needs further diagnosis and treatment. The correlation analysis results of multisource information fusion are roughly the same as the actual situation, which is convincing. Therefore, the multisource mental health information fusion of college students has a certain correlation and complementarity.
Application of Artificial Intelligence Recognition Technology in Digital Image Processing
Authors: Zhang Xi
Published: January 2022

Synthetic Artificial Intelligence technique is a science and technique derived and developed on the basis of calculator application technology. Image recognition is a special image processing step that plays an important role. Only after image recognition can it enter the stage of picture analysis and understanding. With the development of various computer technologies, images have gradually become and have become an important source of information for people. The use of calculator artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly widespread; therefore, understanding its application and related research is more conducive to pointing out the direction of research and learning for us. The goal of this paper is to discuss the emergence and development of synthetic intelligence identification technology and analyze the application bottlenecks of various types of synthetic intelligence identification technology, so as to increase our understanding of Synthetic Artificial Intelligence technique and provide reference for the research in related fields. This article simply introduces the technology of artificial intelligence type and its new development trend, and by combining concrete images of public facilities, the application of different computer artificial recognition methods of image recognition processing on the basis of the traditional method is improved, and through the corresponding simulation software of processing and identification methods for the analysis and comparison, the main application of two methods, the image processing recognition error rate is less than 0.5; improving computer artificial intelligence identification technique for the analysis of its application in image processing has certain help. The preprocessing process generally includes image digitization, grayscale, binarization, noise removal, and character segmentation. In terms of image recognition, algorithms mainly include statistical recognition, syntax recognition, and template matching. In recent years, with the development of neural networks and support vector machine technology, image recognition technology has a new and higher level of development.
Experimental Study on the Central Mechanism of Penehyclidine Hydrochloride against Relapse Behavior in Morphine-Dependent Rats
Authors: Zou Yufeng , Jin Zhe , Li Meng Yun , Tang Lijuan , Chen Kai
Published: January 2022

Objective. This article is mainly to study the central mechanism of penehyclidine hydrochloride against relapse behavior in morphine-dependent rats. Methods. The rats were randomly divided into the blank control group (k), PHC low-dose group (LP according to a body weight of 0.22 mg/kg), middle-dose group (MP according to a body weight of 0.55 mg/kg), high-dose group (HP according to a body weight of 1.38 mg/kg), and administration group, with 40 rats in each group. Each group was randomly divided into 5 subgroups (

n
=
10

): 4 h after administration, 7 h after administration, 13 h after administration, 25 h after administration (K48, LP48, MP48, and HP48), and 37 h after administration, and then, Morris water maze experiment and immunohistochemical detection of the rat brain hippocampus were carried out. Results. 4 and 7 hours after administration, compared with group 1, the TchE activity increased and Ach level decreased in groups 2, 3, and 4 and the difference was significant (

P
<
0.05

), so the principle of penehyclidine hydrochloride against morphine-dependent rats is that penehyclidine hydrochloride causes cognitive impairment in the brain of mice, thereby achieving antimorphine effects.
Worldwide Research Trends on Diabetic Foot Ulcers (2004–2020): Suggestions for Researchers
Authors: Deng Pin , Shi Hongshuo , Pan Xuyue , Liang Huan , Wang Shulong , Wu Junde , Zhang Wei , Huang Fasen , Sun Xiaojie , Zhu Hanjie , Chen Zhaojun
Published: January 2022

Objectives. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the devastating complications of diabetes. It has high mortality and disability rates. The number of research articles on DFUs has increased. This study was designed to explore the global trends and research hotspots of DFUs to benefit researchers in shaping future research directions. Methods. Literatures relating to DFU from 2004 to 2020 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-expanded) of Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The current status of DFU research (including publications, journals, the performances of relevant countries, institutions, and authors and the research trends and hotspots of DFU) was analyzed with the WoSCC. VOSviewer v1.6.10.0 was utilised for cocitation, coauthorship, cooccurrence analyses, and bibliographic coupling. Results. A total of 5869 publications on DFUs were retrieved. We performed a longitudinal review of publications over 17 years: 4500 articles and 865 review articles on DFUs published from 2004 to 2020 were analyzed. The total citation was 107,296. The USA (

n
=
1866

), England (

n
=
606

), and China (

n
=
599

) were the three largest contributors. The University of Washington had the greatest number of publications within this time period (

n
=
103

), and it had the most cooperative units and was in the core position in all research institutions, followed by the University of Manchester (

n
=
94

) and the University of Miami (

n
=
92

). Armstrong DG (91/1.69%) and Lavery LA (55/1.19%) should be regarded as scholars who have made outstanding contributions. The top journal with the greatest total link strength was Diabetes Care. Analysis showed that the global research hotspots of DFU focused on lower limb amputation, diabetic foot infection, and treatment and management of DFU. Studies on osteomyelitis, wound therapy and management, multidisciplinary integration and mechanism of DFUs, and its related diseases are the research fronts that should be closely watched in the future. Conclusions. This study revealed the current research status and hotspots in the domain of DFU over the past 17 years, which can help researchers to further pinpoint potential perspectives on hot topics and research frontiers.
miR-206 Targets MALAT1 to Suppress Cell Progression of Ectopic Endometrial Stromal Cells in Endometriosis
Authors: Li Jinggang , Guan Xiaofei , Xu Chongyun , Jia Jingyun , Zhang Ling , Han Hui
Published: January 2022

Background. miR-206 was reported to be a tumor suppressor in bladder cancer. In this study, we explore the expression and function of miR-206 in endometriosis (EM). Methods. 40 EM patients undergoing total hysterectomy were selected as the experimental group. RT-qPCR assay was adopted to detect the expression of MALAT1 and miR-206 in EM. Cell proliferation was detected by EdU incorporation and colony formation assay. Cell migration and invasion viability of ESCs were examined by transwell assay and wound healing assay. Flow cytometry was carried out to assess cell apoptosis of ESCs. The protein expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were examined by western blot assay. The relationship between miR-206 and MALAT1 was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. Results. In this work, miR-206 was found to be downregulated in EM. Functional experiments displayed that miR-206 mimic repressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCs and promoted cell apoptosis of ESCs. Furthermore, miR-206 mimic reduced the expression of Bcl-2 but enhanced the expression of Bax. MALAT1 was found to be upregulated in EM. Furthermore, MALAT1 was indicated to be a target of miR-206. Additionally, MALAT1 was found to alleviate the influence of miR-206 on cell progression of ESCs. Furthermore, miR-206 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion. This study indicated that miR-206 inhibited cell progression by regulating MALAT1 in EM. Hence, miR-206 was suggested to be a possible target for EM treatment.
English Education Translation System Based on 5G Network Virtualization
Authors: Hou Manman
Published: January 2022

In order to improve the effect of English education translation, this paper improves the 5G network virtualization algorithm and uses the typical correlation analysis method in data mining to extract the correlation relationship between the data content contained in the massive English translation user equipment. Furthermore, this paper adopts the similarity-based clustering method to realize the self-organization construction of English translation virtual community. On this basis, this paper proposes a spectrum allocation algorithm based on convex optimization, which effectively solves the problem of spectrum allocation in virtual cells. Finally, this paper constructs the functional architecture of the English education translation system based on 5G network virtualization and conducts experimental research. The experimental research results show that the English education translation system based on 5G virtualization constructed in this paper can play an important role in smart English teaching.
Invested Costs and Risk Control Model of Social Governance Based on Fuzzy Algorithm
Authors: Teng Shanshan , Li Huajun , Zhang Desheng
Published: January 2022

In view of the fact that the current methods cannot effectively and correctly control the invested costs and risk of social governance, resulting in a higher risk rate in the invested costs, a fuzzy algorithm-based invested costs and risk control model for social governance is proposed. This paper analyzes the classification and causes of risk, expounds the methods of risk identification and risk assessment, constructs and studies the invested costs and risk control model of social governance, establishes the fuzzy judgment matrix of risk control, calculates the single-layer ranking weight vector of risk fuzzy judgment matrix, and determines the fuzzy judgment matrix. The membership degree of risk influencing factors to the risk level is input into the social governance invested cost and risk control model to obtain the corresponding risk assessment results and predict the invested cost. According to the comparison of experimental results, through the test of risk degree and risk rate, it is verified that the maximum risk level value of the model is 20, which can minimize the risk degree; the risk control coefficient of the model is between 0.6 and 1.0, which can effectively reduce the probability of risk and achieve the purpose of design.
Data Mining and Meta-Analysis of Psoriasis Based on Association Rules
Authors: Ou Jiarui , Zhang Jianglin
Published: January 2022

Psoriasis is a common chronic and recurrent disease in dermatology, which has a great impact on the physical and mental health of patients. Meta-analysis can evaluate the effectiveness and safety of defubao in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. This article observes psoriasis skin lesions treated with topical defubao and the changes in blood vessels under dermoscopy. Considering that the Apriori algorithm and the existing improved algorithm have the problems of ignoring the weight and repeatedly scanning the database, this paper proposes a matrix association rule method based on random forest weighting. This method uses the random forest algorithm to assign weights to each item in the data set, and introduces matrix theory to convert the transaction data set into a matrix form and store it, thereby improving operating efficiency. This article included 11 studies, of which 7 studies used the indicator “Researcher’s Overall Assessment” (IGA) to evaluate the efficacy, 5 studies used the “Patient Overall Assessment” (PGA) as the efficacy evaluation index, and Loss Area and Severity Index (PASI) was used as an observation index to evaluate the efficacy. Seven studies conducted safety comparisons. In this paper, IGA and PGA were used as evaluation indicators. The treatment effect of the defubao group was better than the calcipotriol group and the betamethasone group. The differences were statistically significant. The effect of the Fubao treatment for 8 weeks is significantly better than that of 4 weeks and 2 weeks, and the differences are statistically different. Using PASI as the evaluation index, a descriptive study was carried out, and it was found that after 4 weeks of treatment for psoriasis vulgaris, the average PASI reduction rate of patients was higher than that of the calcipotriol group and the betamethasone group. The safety evaluation found that after 8 weeks of treatment, the incidence of adverse events in the defubao group was significantly lower than that in the calcipotriol group.
Fekete–Szegö Inequality for Bi-Univalent Functions Subordinate to Horadam Polynomials
Authors: Shammaky Amnah E. , Frasin Basem Aref , Swamy Sondekola Rudra
Published: January 2022

Making use of Horadam polynomials, we propose a special family of regular functions of the typegz=z+∑j=2∞djzjwhich are bi-univalent (or bi-schlicht) in the discz∈ℂ:z<1. We find estimates on the coefficientsd2andd3and the functional of Fekete–Szegö for functions in this subfamily. Relevant connections to existing results and new observations of the main result are also presented.
Nodal Enhances Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Cancer by Promoting Tumor-Nerve Convergence
Authors: Shen Sugang , Wang Qiqi , Wang Xueni , Ding Jiachun , Chen Fan , Xiao Ying , Qin Tao , Qian Weikun , Li Jiahui , Ma Qingyong , Ma Jiguang
Published: January 2022

Perineural invasion (PNI) is a typical feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which occurs in most cases. The embryonic protein Nodal plays a critical role in embryonic neural development and is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer. In this study, we explored the contribution of Nodal to pancreatic cancer PNI and progression. We evaluated the function of Nodal in PNI by coculturing rat dorsal root ganglia and pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and performing cellular and molecular biology assays. The results illustrate that Nodal upregulates NGF (nerve growth factor), BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), and GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) expression in pancreatic cancer cells and promotes cancer cell migration/invasion. Furthermore, in the in vitro 3D PNI model, Nodal enhances nerve outgrowth to pancreatic cancer cell colonies. Our study indicates that Nodal participates in tumor invasion by mediating neural and tumor cell signaling interactions, and inhibiting the expression of Nodal represents a potential strategy for targeting PNI in pancreatic cancer therapy.
Cyst(e)inase–Rapamycin Combination Induces Ferroptosis in Both In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Kerimoglu Baris , Lamb Candice , McPherson Ryan D. , Ergen Ergul , Stone Everett M. , Ooi Aikseng
Published: January 2022

Renal cell carcinomas associated with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) are notoriously aggressive and represent the leading cause of death among patients with HLRCC. To date, a safe and effective standardized therapy for this tumor type is lacking. Here we show that the engineered synthetic therapeutic enzyme, Cyst(e)inase, when combined with rapamycin, can effectively induce ferroptosis in HLRCC cells in vivo. The drug combination promotes lipid peroxidation to a greater degree than cysteine deprivation or Cyst(e)inase treatment alone, while rapamycin treatment alone does not induce ferroptosis. Mechanistically, Cyst(e)inase induces ferroptosis by depleting the exogenous cysteine/cystine supply, while rapamycin reduces cellular ferritin level by promoting ferritins' destruction via ferritinophagy. Since both Cyst(e)inase and rapamycin are well tolerated clinically, the combination represents an opportunity to exploit ferroptosis induction as a cancer management strategy. Accordingly, using a xenograft mouse model, we showed that the combination treatment resulted in tumor growth suppression without any notable side effects. In contrast, both Cyst(e)inase only and rapamycin only treatment groups failed to induce a significant change when compared with the vehicle control group. Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of Cyst(e)inase–rapamycin combination in inducing ferroptotic cell death in vivo, supporting the potential translation of the combination therapy into clinical HLRCC management.
Tumor ENPP1 (CD203a)/Haptoglobin Axis Exploits Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Promote Post-Radiotherapy Local Recurrence in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ruiz-Fernández de Córdoba Borja , Moreno Haritz , Valencia Karmele , Perurena Naiara , Ruedas Pablo , Walle Thomas , Pezonaga-Torres Alberto , Hinojosa Juan , Guruceaga Elisabet , Pineda-Lucena Antonio , Abengózar-Muela Marta , Cochonneau Denis , Zandueta Carolina , Martínez-Canarias Susana , Teijeira Álvaro , Ajona Daniel , Ortiz-Espinosa Sergio , Morales Xabier , Ortiz de Solórzano Carlos , Santisteban Marta , Ramos-García Luis I. , Guembe Laura , Strnad Vratislav , Heymann Dominique , Hervás-Stubbs Sandra , Pío Rubén , Rodríguez-Ruiz María E. , de Andrea Carlos E. , Vicent Silvestre , Melero Ignacio , Lecanda Fernando , Martínez-Monge Rafael
Published: January 2022

Locoregional failure (LRF) in patients with breast cancer post-surgery and post-irradiation is linked to a dismal prognosis. In a refined new model, we identified ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1/CD203a (ENPP1) to be closely associated with LRF. ENPP1hi circulating tumor cells (CTC) contribute to relapse by a self-seeding mechanism. This process requires the infiltration of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Genetic and pharmacologic ENPP1 inhibition or NET blockade extends relapse-free survival. Furthermore, in combination with fractionated irradiation, ENPP1 abrogation obliterates LRF. Mechanistically, ENPP1-generated adenosinergic metabolites enhance haptoglobin (HP) expression. This inflammatory mediator elicits myeloid invasiveness and promotes NET formation. Accordingly, a significant increase in ENPP1 and NET formation is detected in relapsed human breast cancer tumors. Moreover, high ENPP1 or HP levels are associated with poor prognosis. These findings unveil the ENPP1/HP axis as an unanticipated mechanism exploited by tumor cells linking inflammation to immune remodeling favoring local relapse.

Significance:

CTC exploit the ENPP1/HP axis to promote local recurrence post-surgery and post-irradiation by subduing myeloid suppressor cells in breast tumors. Blocking this axis impairs tumor engraftment, impedes immunosuppression, and obliterates NET formation, unveiling new opportunities for therapeutic intervention to eradicate local relapse and ameliorate patient survival.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1171
Improving the Affordability of Anticancer Medicines Demands Evidence-Based Policy Solutions
Authors: Franzen Nora , Romagnoli Giorgia , Ziegler Andreas , Retèl Valesca P. , Offerman Theo J.S. , van Harten Wim H.
Published: January 2022

The high cost of many new anticancer medicines significantly impedes breakthrough discoveries from reaching patients. A commonly heard refrain is that high prices are necessary to compensate for the high costs of research and development (R&D). Yet, there are promising policy proposals aimed at improving affordability without compromising innovation. In seeking new policy solutions, we argue for a shift away from entrenched opinion toward an evidence-based discourse that is grounded in experiments and real-world pilot studies. We offer a novel perspective and practical recommendations on how empirical evidence could and should be gathered to inform evidence-based policy interventions that lead to sustainable medicine prices in oncology.

See related article by Franzen et al. (Cancer Res Commun 2022;2:39–47) .
Análise dos processos erosivos e deposicionais utilizando o modelo SIMWE (Simulated of Water Erosion)
Authors: Daniel Evandro , Vieira Bianca Carvalho , Martins Tiago Damas
Published: January 2022

Nos últimos anos houve um avanço no uso de modelos matemáticos para avaliação da dinâmica espaço-temporal dos processos erosivos. Entre estes, destaca-se o SIMWE (Simulated of Water Erosion), que é um modelo dinâmico, de base física, projetado para ambiente temperado, capaz de simular a erosão, o transporte e a deposição por fluxo superficial, podendo ser aplicado em situações complexas do terreno, solo e uso. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivos centrais avaliar a aplicação do modelo SIMWE para ambiente tropical a partir da análise dos processos erosivos e deposicionais na bacia do Alto Espraiado - São Pedro (SP) e, assim, analisar a influência dos parâmetros utilizados na geração de cenários de erosão/deposição. Foram simulados seis cenários considerando distintos valores de intensidades pluviométricas; taxa de excesso de precipitação, taxa de infiltração, permeabilidade, tensão de cisalhamento, coeficiente de Manning. O produto final do Balanço da Erosão e de Deposição aponta que grande parte da área foi classificada como áreas deposicionais (valores negativos) e erosivas (valores positivos), sobretudo em margens das drenagens e curvaturas côncavas, justamente onde estão situadas as feições erosivas mapeadas e também onde foram registrados os maiores valores dos fluxos de sedimentos e hidrológicos superficiais. Tais resultados demonstraram a viabilidade e a sensibilidade da aplicação do SIMWE em ambiente tropical como uma ferramenta importante para diagnóstico e prognóstico em relação à questão do uso e ocupação do solo.
Soluções baseadas na natureza (SbN) e drenagem urbana em cidades latino-americanas: desafios para implementar soluções fluídas em ambientes rígidos
Authors: Campos Valéria Nagy de Oliveira
Published: January 2022

Este artigo tem como tema a adoção de soluções baseadas na natureza (SbN) na drenagem de águas pluviais em cidades da América Latina, considerando que as SbN prestam serviços ambientais e contribuem para tornar as cidades mais resilientes. Pondera que, como evidenciado pelo confronto entre a realidade do setor e o desejável para sua adoção, existem questões a enfrentar tais como a falta de visão sistêmica na estrutura governamental e a inadequação do arranjo institucional responsável pelo setor. Objetivando aprofundar a reflexão sobre a adoção de SbN, em especial do ponto de vista da ação governamental em bacias “metropolizadas”, adota-se São Paulo e Cidade do México como estudos de caso. Tal reflexão apoia-se na revisão bibliográfica sobre aspectos conceituais e sobre a difusão e assimilação do tema na América Latina, bem como no exame de documentos relacionados à adoção de SbN na drenagem urbana e na adaptação a eventos extremos nas áreas de estudo. Como resultado, além da identificação dos desafios locais, a pesquisa indica como oportunidade aberta a existência do Comitê de Bacia Hidrográfica Alto Tietê e do Consejo de Cuenca del Valle de México, os quais podem incorporar o tema de modo mais incisivo em sua pauta. Aponta ainda que aproveitar esta oportunidade trará ganhos ao processo: por um lado, pode-se valer da experiência destes arranjos com processos participativos e, por outro, com a adoção de processos de cocriação, pode-se aprimorar os procedimentos destes colegiados e, por extensão, a governança. Contudo, o cenário, embora favorável, ainda está sendo delineado.
Floresta urbana, soluções baseadas na natureza e paisagem: planejamento e projeto na cidade de São Carlos (SP)
Authors: Caiche Daniel Tonelli , Peres Renata Bovo , Schenk Luciana Bongiovanni Martins
Published: January 2022

A urbanização e os conflitos gerados com o meio ambiente se apresentam como uma das mais desafiadoras questões dos nossos tempos, gerando a necessidade da criação de novas e diferentes abordagens sobre o território urbano como Floresta Urbana, Serviços Ecossistêmicos, Sistema de Espaços Livres e Infraestrutura Verde e, mais recentemente, Soluções baseadas na Natureza. Contudo, a incorporação desses conceitos em instrumentos normativos, bases para implantação de políticas públicas, ainda é um grande desafio nas cidades da América Latina. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desse artigo foi discutir e apresentar o caso do município de São Carlos (SP), como uma experiência de planejamento de Floresta Urbana com base em SbN, que se estrutura a partir de um Sistema de Espaços Livres, moldado por bases legais. O método utilizado dividiu-se em três partes, sendo a primeira um resgate histórico-temporal da criação das legislações e das cartografias de planejamento da última década, a segunda analisa a articulação desses instrumentos e dessas cartografias e na terceira parte apresenta-se um processo de planejamento e projeto de Paisagem, baseado em um Sistema de Espaços Livres e de Infraestrutura Verde. Os instrumentos marcaram, sequencialmente, um histórico de conquistas, como a criação de Áreas de Proteção e Recuperação de Mananciais - APREM; Áreas de Interesse Ambiental - AIA; Faixas Verdes Complementares - FVC; Parques Urbanos e a proposta de um Sistema de Parques Municipais - SIPAM. Contribui-se, assim, para a construção de caminhos para um planejamento mais sistêmico, ancorado em processos de construção cultural que integrem diferentes agentes e que sejam pautados na noção de interesse público e nas relações mais próximas entre homem e natureza.
Thalamocortical contribution to flexible learning in neural systems
Authors: Wang Mien Brabeeba , Halassa Michael M.
Published: January 2022

Animal brains evolved to optimize behavior in dynamic environments, flexibly selecting actions that maximize future rewards in different contexts. A large body of experimental work indicates that such optimization changes the wiring of neural circuits, appropriately mapping environmental input onto behavioral outputs. A major unsolved scientific question is how optimal wiring adjustments, which must target the connections responsible for rewards, can be accomplished when the relation between sensory inputs, action taken, and environmental context with rewards is ambiguous. The credit assignment problem can be categorized into context-independent structural credit assignment and context-dependent continual learning. In this perspective, we survey prior approaches to these two problems and advance the notion that the brain’s specialized neural architectures provide efficient solutions. Within this framework, the thalamus with its cortical and basal ganglia interactions serves as a systems-level solution to credit assignment. Specifically, we propose that thalamocortical interaction is the locus of meta-learning where the thalamus provides cortical control functions that parametrize the cortical activity association space. By selecting among these control functions, the basal ganglia hierarchically guide thalamocortical plasticity across two timescales to enable meta-learning. The faster timescale establishes contextual associations to enable behavioral flexibility, while the slower one enables generalization to new contexts.
Categorical Mistakes: Antifascism in Public Discourse and Transnational Biography
Authors: Wegewitz Markus
Published: January 2022

This essay examines some of the recent tendencies to delegitimize antifascism both as a political phenomenon and as a topic of historical research. In German academia and beyond, this “antiantifascist” current operates according to notions of communist contamination. To counter these narratives, I propose to look at the plurality of antifascism, its various continuities and the personal experiences of its historical agents. In particular, I make my case exploring the transnational biography of the Dutch journalist Nicolaas Rost.
Pasolini: Fascism – Consumism – Catholicism: And a Search for Life
Authors: Seeßlen Georg
Published: January 2022

When it comes to writing about Pier Paolo Pasolini’s oeuvre, nobody can approach it without a subjective and political position. The author of this text takes as his point of departure the presence of the poet and filmmaker in his host country Italy, where the name Pasolini means much more than merely the name of an author. Pasolini stands for the rebellious spirit at a time when the Italian economic miracle was coming to an end, during which a great “contaminazione” (Pasolini), a mutual “infectiousness” took place between the vulgar and the sublime, the culture of the poor suburbs and the discourses of the intellectuals, between old myths and new seductions. In this situation, Pasolini’s texts and films are searching for a way to counter the horror of a new fascism in the form of the petit bourgeois “consumistic” rule with a “force of the past”. Points of reference for this are a radical Catholicism and communism, the latter moving via a Marxist analysis of society to an archaic Ur-communism. Pasolini always saw himself as a stranger. Almost all of his films (leaving aside the vital “Trilogy of Life”, from which he distanced himself in his last and most radical film “Salò”) are attempts to look into the strangeness of the familiar and the familiarity of the strange. In doing so, the author and filmmaker never spared himself; his films are a magic autobiography. To put it another way, Pasolini’s biography makes his films “readable” and his films make the inner history of Italy (and to a certain extent that of Europe as a whole) in the sixties and seventies “readable”, just as in his films bodies make “readable” ideas and ideas make “readable” bodies. Texts on Pier Paolo Pasolini can be markings for these processes of reading. However, they can never be a substitute for following one’s own way which leads back and forth between both the physicality (the reality of the streets, “contaminated” by art history) and the world of ideas (the myth and religion, “contaminated” with Marxism and psychoanalysis).
Decommunisation – Fascism without Fascists: Konrad Matyjaszek, Xawery Stańczyk, Marcin Starnawski, Katrin Stoll and Anna Zawadzka Discuss the Fascization of Space
Authors: Matyjaszek Konrad , Stańczyk Xawery , Starnawski Marcin , Stoll Katrin , Zawadzka Anna
Published: January 2022

Are there fascizizing ways to look at public space and aesthetics? If so, how do they manifest themselves? What characterizes the fascization of space? How and where can you recognize it? How do architecture and symbols in public space contribute to fascization of daily life? One of them is a policy of cleansing and rhetoric about recovering after an imaginary foreign domination or invasion. The aim of this conversation is to elucidate the concept of the fascization of public space. The discussants do this by drawing on examples from the history of Poland and Germany as well as the present-day situation in both countries. They also consider how we can clarify the category of fascization in order to distinguish this process from other phenomena such as nationalism.
The Bulwark of Christendom
Authors: Kulka Natalia
Published: January 2022

The work of an artist Natalia Kulka.
Re/searching leadership: A critique in two agonies and nine fits
Authors: Ford Jackie , Harding Nancy , Gilmore Sarah
Published: January 2022

Since the 19th century, much academic effort has been expended researching leadership. Bodies of theory have risen to dominance, proved unsatisfactory and been replaced by another generation of ultimately disappointing leadership thought. This repetitive pattern continues, so we ask what motivates this continuing, seemingly fruitless search? Focusing on researchers and not leadership per se, our analysis is inspired by two surprisingly complementary sources: psychoanalytical theory and Lewis Carroll’s epic nonsense poem, The Hunting of the Snark: An Agony in Eight Fits. Together they lead to a theory that re/search is motivated by unconscious desires to experience the transformational object—an ultimately unachievable search but one that unconsciously sustains the ever-growing field of leadership research. In contributing a new psychoanalytical theory of unconscious motivations that inspire our research, we also demonstrate the inspiration poetry may offer organizational researchers. We conclude by offering a ninth fit, which leaps into the void of future thought and finds that the leadership Snark was, in fact, a Boojum.
Damage investigation of cross-ply flax/epoxy composite under impact fatigue
Authors: Hadj-Mihoub-Sidi-Moussa Youcef , Azouaoui Krimo , Assarar Mustapha , Zouari Wajdi , Ayad Rezak , Cesbron Mathias
Published: January 2022

This paper aims at studying the damage evolution of a [0/90]3S cross-ply flax/epoxy laminate repeatedly impacted at three energy levels of 5, 6 and 7 J. Several specimen plates were prepared by the vacuum infusion technique and then subjected to repeated low-velocity impacts. To assess external damage mechanisms in the impacted plates, an inspection of the back and front faces damage was conducted by using a high-resolution digital reflex camera. Moreover, different techniques were used to evaluate the internal damage such as intensive light exposure, infrared thermal imaging, and computed X-ray tomography. The obtained results show that damage is visible even at low energy level and starts to appear from the first impacts, especially in the back face of the flax/epoxy samples. In addition, after front and back faces cracks appear, delamination is the most predominant damage mechanism that occurs during the different phases of impact fatigue loading. Its size is found to extend with the energy level and the multiplication of impacts.
Enhanced stress concentration sensitivity of SiCp/Al composite with network architecture
Authors: Gao Xiang , Zhang Xuexi , Qian Mingfang , Li Aibin , Wang Guisong , Geng Lin , Peng Hua-Xin
Published: January 2022

For network architecture design, stress concentration sensitivity caused by particle shape may change, which is rarely studied. Here, the particle shape dependent stress concentration and its effect on the deformation, fracture, and mechanical properties were investigated. Three particle shapes including hexahedron, twenty-six face polyhedron, and sphere were utilized to generate different stress distribution states in the matrix. A numerical composite model showing network architecture (like grain boundary) was applied. A strong correlation between particle shape, stress concentration factor ( R SiC), and mechanical properties of network composite was built. The particle shape affected the load-bearing capability due to the stress concentration state generated at particle edges. Near the yield point, hexahedron particle wall parallel to the load direction (PaW) was more effective in carrying loads (∼1000 MPa) than that of twenty-six face polyhedron (750–1000 MPa) and sphere (600–1000 MPa) particles. In network composites reinforced by different shape particles, the main crack always initiated in perpendicular network walls (PeW), but propagated along different paths: in Al matrix for hexahedron particle, along macro-interface of SiC/Al–Al for twenty-six face polyhedron particle, and in PeW for sphere particle. Such crack propagation manners contributed to the different elongations of network composites by various particle shapes: sphere > twenty-six face polyhedron > hexahedron particles. Selection of round particle and adjustment of local volume fraction improved elongation with a sacrifice of modulus and strength.
Statistical and numerical approaches of particulate reinforced polymers and their effect on the interlocking effect of hybrid composite joints
Authors: Ribeiro Junior Aluizio H , Ribeiro Filho Sergio Luiz M , Ribeiro Filipe José V , Campos Rubio Juan Carlos , Tonatto Maikson LP , Thomas Carlos , Scarpa Fabrizio , Panzera Tulio H
Published: January 2022

Full factorial designs are conducted to identify the effects of the incorporation of microparticles of silica, Portland cement and carbon laminate wastes (carbon microfibres (CMF)), at 3, 6 and 9 wt% levels, on the mechanical performance of epoxy polymers and single carbon fibre joints at two grammage levels (200 and 600 g/m2). Particulate reinforced polymers (PRP) are characterised in tensile, compression, three-point bending and impact tests to better assess the influence of particles in the interlaminar region of hybrid composites composed of fibres and particles. The single joint test is performed to verify the presence of shear locking effect using particles between laminae. Compressive strength and modulus of PRPs increase when 3 wt% CMFs are added, revealing the most efficient level. The apparent shear strength is higher in composite joints made with 600 g/m2 grammage and CMF particles, promising reinforcement mechanisms for hybrid composites.
#Instacomparison: Social Comparison and Envy as Correlates of Exposure to Instagram and Cyberbullying Perpetration
Authors: Villanueva-Moya Laura , Herrera M. Carmen , Sánchez-Hernández M. Dolores , Expósito Francisca
Published: January 2022

Instagram is a popular social networking site (SNS) among adolescents that allows them to share visual content about their lives quickly and easily, increasing social connection, acceptation, and entertainment among others. Nevertheless, SNS exposure can also lead to negative counterparts such as judgments, envy, social comparison, or cyberbullying perpetration. This research aimed to analyze the possible psychosocial factors associated with Instagram use (i.e., social comparison and envy) that could lead to the perpetration of cyberbullying towards peers. The sample consisted of 254 adolescent students aged between 15 and 18 years old ( Mage = 15.77, SD = 0.74). The results indicated that high connection time to Instagram, high levels of social comparison, and malicious envy were associated with an increased tendency to carry out cyberbullying perpetration’s behaviors. Likewise, the main finding showed that a high connection time to Instagram was associated with increased social comparison, which in turn was associated with malicious envy, and consequently with an increased tendency to carry out cyberbullying perpetration’s behaviors. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the psychosocial processes that might precede to perpetrate cyberbullying’s behaviors, as well as to promote the development of educational programs intend to encourage the responsible use of SNSs during adolescence.
Processing Speed Predicts Mean Performance in Task-Switching but Not Task-Switching Cost
Authors: Li Bingxin , Li Xiangqian , Stoet Gijsbert , Lages Martin
Published: January 2022

In several studies, it has been suggested that task-switching performance is linked to processing speed. Here we argue that the relation between processing speed and high-level cognitive ability found in previous studies may be due to confounded measurements of processing speed and task-switching ability. In the present study, we required participants to complete an inspection time (IT) task to probe their processing speed. We employed conventional task-switching paradigms but applied a linear integrated speed-accuracy score (LISAS) which combines latency and accuracy scores to express task-switching ability. The results of regression analyses show that IT predicted average performance in task-switching paradigms. However, IT did not relate to any specific effects common in the task-switching task, which contradicts previous results. Our results suggest independent mechanisms of processing speed and tasks that require a high level of cognitive flexibility and control.
Ethnicity, Race, and Gender in Engineering Education: The Nuanced Experiences of Male and Female Latinx Engineering Undergraduates Targeted by Microaggressions
Authors: Smith Kalynda C. , Poleacovschi Cristina , Feinstein Scott , Luster-Teasley Stephanie
Published: January 2022

Compared to other groups, relatively less research has specifically addressed the retention of Latinx students in STEM disciplines. These students face many negative stereotypes about their group, especially related to their academic success, yet there is limited research regarding how microaggressions, subtle or ambiguous discriminatory behaviors, targeting Latinx students in engineering education settings impact their experience in those programs. Guided by Sue’s definitions and taxonomy of microaggressions, Critical Race Theory and Latino Critical Theory, the purpose of the current study was to answer the following research questions: 1) What microaggressions do Latinx engineering undergraduates experience in an engineering education environment? and 2) How do these microaggressions impact Latinx engineering undergraduates’ academic well-being, as defined by their academic self-efficacy and academic performance?