bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Delaware River Basin
Authors: Wallace Mark I.
Published: May 2019

Chapter 2 begins with a hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) tour of Pennsylvania to witness the devastation wrought by extreme energy extraction. In Martin Heidegger, this type of technology is an exploitative “setting-upon” nature, rather than “bringing-forth” nature’s latent possibilities in a manner that is site-appropriate and organic. Healthy interactions with nature are resonant with the “incantatory gesture” characteristic of Christian animism: summoning the presence of the numinous within the everyday. Glossing Mary Douglas, this chapter shows that Jesus, the good shaman, is a model of “bringing-forth” when he mixes saliva and dirt together to heal the blind man in John 9. According to René Girard, however, nature is not a site of healing but of dangerous boundary-violations. The chapter concludes with a vignette about the pileated woodpecker, sometimes called the “Lord God!” bird by awestruck onlookers. Like the aerial Spirit at Jesus’ baptism, catching sight of this avian deity reconciles the two orders of being—divinity and animality—Girard seeks to drive apart.
On the Wings of a Dove
Authors: Wallace Mark I.
Published: May 2019

Using James Lovelock’s Gaia theory and biblical exegesis, chapter 5 maintains that Earth is a sentient organism with its own moods, relational capacities, and vulnerability to suffering. This “living Earth” theme is further explored in case studies of two sacred land-sites in Northern Spain visited by the author: The Cape of the Crosses natural park, and the El Camino de Santiago pilgrimage route. Both sites are heralded as “thin places”—landscapes where divinity and materiality comfortably intersect—in which errant wandering and purposeful travel are valued equally. Currently, such sites are cruciform: as Jesus was sacrificed at Calvary, so today we crucify afresh God’s winged Spirit in nature through toxic impacts against plants, animals, and human beings. The scars of Golgotha mark the whole Earth. The chapter concludes with hope symbolized by the feral pigeon—the dovey cousin of Jesus’ baptismal bird—amidst the contemporary loss of embodied deity through ecocidal, even deicidal, practices.
Figuring Violence
Authors: Adelman Rebecca A.
Published: May 2019

Figuring Violence catalogs the affects that define the latter stages of the war on terror and the imaginative work that underpins them. These affects—apprehension, affection, admiration, gratitude, pity, and righteous anger—are far more pleasurable and durable than their predecessors. Hence, they are deeply compatible with the ambitions of a state embroiling itself in a perpetual and essentially unwinnable war. Surveying the cultural landscape of this sprawling conflict, Figuring Violence reveals the varied mechanisms by which these affects have been militarized. This book tracks their convergences around six types of beings: civilian children, military children, military spouses, veterans with PTSD and TBI, Guantánamo detainees, and military dogs. All of these groups have become preferred objects of sentiment in wartime public culture, but they also have in common their status as political subjects who are partially or fully unknowable. They become visible to outsiders through a range of mediated and imaginative practices that are ostensibly motivated by concern or compassion. However, these practices actually function to reduce these beings to abstracted figures and so make them easy targets for affective investment. This is a paradoxical and conditional form of recognition that eclipses the actual beings upon whom those figures are patterned, silencing their political subjectivities and obscuring their suffering. As a result, they are erased and rendered hypervisible at once. Figuring Violence demonstrates that this dynamic ultimately propagates the very militarism that begets their victimization.
Fabricated Connections, Deeply Felt
Authors: Adelman Rebecca A.
Published: May 2019

Framed by an account of the author’s visit to Guantánamo Bay, the Introduction to Figuring Violence queries the limits of what outsiders know about the six beings around which the book is organized: civilian children, military children, military spouses, veterans with PTSD and TBI, detainees, and military dogs. Reflecting on the common status of these beings as political subjects that are partially or fully unknowable, the Introduction outlines the various affective and imaginative practices that transform them into repositories for sentiment. It also explores the mechanisms and politics of the ‘figuring’ that gives the book its title, namely the abstraction of the actual beings with whom these practices are ostensibly concerned. The Introduction makes the case for the centrality of apprehension, affection, admiration, gratitude, pity, and anger in contemporary American militarism. In addition to providing an overview of the book as a whole, the Introduction also elaborates a methodology for the study of affect as it materializes in practices of representation and through wartime public culture.
Recognizing Military Wives
Authors: Adelman Rebecca A.
Published: May 2019

The materials analyzed in this chapter illuminate the paradoxical combination of public recognition and state neglect of military spouses, who receive contingent visibility as a function of their proximity to suffering, along with a chronic suspicion about their reliability. To contextualize the figuring of the military spouse, the chapter begins with two key histories: that of women’s militarization during the War on Terror and that of the U.S. military’s approach to military wives. Affective investments in military spouses (read: wives) are made explicit in presidential proclamations of appreciation for military spouses and their sacrifice, the first objects of analysis here. Operational Security materials, the second, reveal the other side of official regard for military spouses, which identifies them as vital but weak links in national security. Conversely, the American Widow Project, a network organized and maintained by military widows, offers an alternative to these official discourses, recognizing widows’ sacrifices but also embracing a vision of widowhood that is independent and pleasure-seeking, and the chapter’s penultimate section analyzes their work. The chapter concludes with a consideration of military spouse PTSD, an emerging line of inquiry that simultaneously maps and submerges the subject-position of the military spouse.
Liberal Imaginaries of Guantánamo
Authors: Adelman Rebecca A.
Published: May 2019

In its depictions of Guantánamo Bay detainees, the state’s agenda is obvious. But the state is not the only entity that mediates detainees’ voices: so, too, do the individuals and organizations that work on their behalf. Reading the history of anti-Guantánamo activism, the chapter demonstrates that it often relies on an erasure of detainee political subjectivity and a refusal of the possibility of detainee anger. Three case studies bear this out. First, a set of city-council resolutions from Massachusetts and California that extended hypothetical welcomes to select detainees on their hypothetical release; the chapter queries the politics of this deeply conditional hospitality and the presumptions of American exceptionalism underpinning it. American exceptionalism is central to the analysis of the next object, the Witness to Guantánamo documentary project, which collects testimonies from former detainees. W2G does crucial documentary work, but its structure also compels the detainees to offer forgiveness and recuperative visions of American goodness. Next, the chapter explores the politics of detainee creative production, with a particular attention to practices of circulation and consumption, and the fictive experiences of intimacy that they promise their audiences. The chapter ends with a critique of a fanciful renarration of Guantánamo’s past and future.
Looking for (Economic) Growth in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Marouby Christian
Published: May 2019

In the context of the book’s emphasis on “Systems of Life” in the social sciences in the eighteenth century, this chapter seeks to interrogate the conception of growth, an evidently biological analogy, in the work of two major founders of the discipline of economics, François Quesnay and Adam Smith.
Taking its cue from a famous passage in the Wealth of Nations, the first part investigates the surprisingly discreet physiological conceptions in the non-medical writings of the theorist of physiocracy. While recognizing significant parallels between the biological and economic systems developed by Quesnay, particularly with regards to circulation, this first investigation fails to produce a model of economic growth based on physiological principles. The second part turns to the thought of Adam Smith himself, in which can be found not only an explicit analogy between physical health and that of the economy, but a clear conception of economic growth. But if it is tempting to find in Smith’s economics a system akin to that of life, a close examination of his theory of growth makes it even clearer than with Quesnay that its fundamental principle is not physiological, but sociological, grounded as it is in a stage theory of historical development.
Vitalism’s Revolution: John Thelwall, Life, and the Economy of Radical Politics
Authors: Barney Richard A.
Published: May 2019

This essay examines how John Thelwall, the notorious political radical inspired by the French Revolution, deployed scientific vitalism in order to promote economic and political change in late eighteenth-century Britain. In adapting Agamben’s notion of “economic theology” to revolutionary contexts, this piece argues that “economy” in several senses serves to mediate between Thelwall’s vitalist conception of the human body and its availability for creating more equitable socioeconomic relations. In the case of The Peripatetic (1793), Thelwall’s sprawling, multi-generic novel, his commitment to systemic openness—both physiological and economic—produces a story oriented around the principle of what he calls “susceptibility,” which generates three crucial reformist features: an acute sensitivity to suffering of all kinds (both animal and human), a relentless unmaking and remaking of systemic constructs, and ultimately a recasting of traditional notions of political sovereignty by radically distributing it throughout the natural and human world.
The Fedora of Death
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Recounts an episode of illness from Blanchot’s early years. Suggests that this is crucial to the understanding in his written work of the body and of death.
There Is
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Enters into detail regarding Levinas’s early career as a philosopher, particularly in phenomenology. Looks at the notion of the ‘there is’ and its relationship to Blanchot’s writing at the time and since.
Aligning One’s Convictions
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Moves on to Blanchot’s early years in Paris, when he entered into right-wing circles. Contextualizes that world and in particular those aspects relating to Blanchot’s chosen activity, journalism.
Refusal, I: The Revolution of Spirit
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Contextualizes the first journals that Blanchot wrote for. These provided the platform for him to begin elaborating a political voice. Various traditions of Left and Right such as Marxism and personalism are discussed.
Admiration and Agreement
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

An important chapter on the key relationship between Blanchot and Georges Bataille, which began in the early 1940s. We look at how each describes the influence of the other, and how this is present in their work and thinking.
In the Name of the Other
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Details Blanchot’s literary chronicles for the Journal des débats in the period 1941–1944. Provides an overview of the circumstances of this column, the authors and notions discussed, with linkages to his own thinking of literature, language, and the work. Closes with a section on Blanchot’s thinking of biography.
The Prisoner of the Eyes That Capture Him
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Recounts an important episode in the life of Blanchot, later recounted in The Instant of My Death (1994). Blanchot was put before a firing squad, but not executed—the chapter follows traces of this experience in his work
The Black Stain
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Concentrates on Blanchot’s third and final novel, The Most High. The chapter delves into the world depicted, one of crisis, illness, and plague, as well as discussing the complex aesthetic framing of the work.
Something Inflexible
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

A short narrative named, on a later re-publication, The Madness of the Day, is addressed in this chapter. Various aesthetic issues raised by the work are addressed, for instance its experimental and self-referential nature.
The Authority of Friendship
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Looks at the final stages in writing Death Sentence, a narrative published in 1948 but linked to a period ten years previous. The chapter presents a reading of the narrative linked to Blanchot’s close friendship with Georges Bataille.
Invisible Partner
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Opening a new section of the biography, this chapter sets the scene for the coming decade, with Blanchot installed in his house in Èze, Southern France.
The Essential Solitude
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Looks at the writing of the narratives, bringing together elements shared to Blanchot’s various publications in this format around the turn of the 1940s/50s. We learn of a relative slowing in his literary-critical production, as his life fell under the sign of ‘the essential solitude.’ The thinking underpinning these and later works is shown to undergo significant elaboration.
The Radiance of a Blind Power
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Concentrating on the narrative When the Time Comes, this chapter both sets out its aesthetic concerns and links it (subtly and non-reductively) to Blanchot’s life.
Always Already (The Poetic and Political Interruption of Thought)
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Focuses on Blanchot’s following literary-critical collection, The Book to Come. The chapter underlines its emergence from the many literary theorizations of the 1950s, with a growing emphasis on notions such as interruption and the fragment.
In the Gaze of Fascination
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

A brief chapter providing context for the death of Blanchot’s mother in 1957.
Note That I Say “Right” and Not “Duty”
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Opening a new section on Blanchot’s activities in the 1960s, this chapter concentrates on his political activity around a public Declaration on the Right to Insubordination in the Algerian War by 121 intellectuals. It details his involvement in the drafting, and his continuing involvement with Dionys Mascolo, Marguerite Duras, and others.
The Last Book
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

A substantial chapter dealing with Blanchot’s last major work, The Writing of the Disaster. Its slow genesis throughout the 1970s is explored, as is its continued experimentation with fragmentary form, and its strong emphasis on ethical issues, and notably the Holocaust (which would mark this later period of Blanchot’s publications).
The Guide to Gethsemane
Authors: Falque Emmanuel
Published: May 2019

Already widely debated upon its publication in French, this book offers a provocative account of Christ’s Passion in terms not of faith but of a “credible Christianity” that can remain meaningful to nonbelievers. For Falque, anxiety, suffering, and death are not simply the “ills” of our society but the essential horizon of what we confront as humans. Doubtful of Heidegger’s famous statement that the notion of salvation renders Christians unable authentically to experience anxiety in the face of death, Falque explores the Passion with a radical emphasis on the physicality and corporeality of Christ’s suffering and death, and on continuities with the mortality of our bodies. Written in the wake of a friend’s death, Falques’s study is theologically and philosophically rigorous, yet engagingly written and deeply humane.
The Temptation of Despair or Anxiety over Sin
Authors: Falque Emmanuel
Published: May 2019

To connect death with finitude is not to deny sin, rather the contrary. It is to give sin its true “spiritual” nature, and to make it biological or physical. Saying “you will die of death” in Genesis (2:17) does not, as the Fathers of the Church thought, indicate that death does not belong to life. Rather it suggests that sin is an enclosure onto death and makes death the last word of our existence: “You will suffer death.” Anxiety over sin comes along with anxiety over finitude and makes the temptation of despair into the springboard of all life.
From Self-Relinquishment to the Entry into the Flesh
Authors: Falque Emmanuel
Published: May 2019

Suffering, including that of suffering humankind, is not simply moral suffering but also fleshly. The taking in charge of physical suffering by the Son is a taking on board of the human body, including in its breaking up. “The Word became flesh, so that the flesh became word.” According to this formulation by Mark the Ascetic, incarnation in philosophy as in theology is never in order to surpass, but rather is undertaken in order to transform.
Introduction
Authors: Falque Emmanuel
Published: May 2019

Taking in charge what is tragic—anxiety, suffering and death—is probably one of the most important specific characteristics of Christianity. But justifying suffering has often led to the distressing or even the ultimate meaning of suffering being lost. Martin Heidegger accuses Christianity of always viewing “death together with its interpretation of life,” and thus of making death a passage which is never an ending. In opposition to such a view this book maintains that for Christians also, and for humankind in general, death is an “end.” It is simply that it comes back to God to take it on and transform it.
Jews, in Theory
Authors: Dolgopolski Sergey
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on Jews, political reason, and the concept of the human and the Jew, discussing the varieties of representation that play a role in perception, consciousness, and rationality. In this context, the figure of the Jew is presented as a type in European discourse, conceptually unrelated to ancient Jewish self-understanding and instead emerging as a fiction made necessary by the logic of Christian self-understanding. The chapter then considers Carl Schmitt's representation of representation, replacing it with a notion of authority embodied in Talmudic discourse, which can be called refutation of refutation. The desired result is an iterative refinement of collective memory as locus of the reasoning process by which ideas are given shared value, with the goal of restoring openness and inventiveness to tradition and eliminating mechanical transmission.
Old Testament Realism in the Writings of Erich Auerbach
Authors: Porter James I.
Published: May 2019

This chapter studies the work of the German literary critic Erich Auerbach, who wrote in response to the historical upheaval of the mid-twentieth century as a form of historical engagement. In his work, Auerbach endeavors to portray the evolution of historical consciousness in the West and the discovery of the human and social worlds it yielded. He reflects on this evolution in relating the narrative of realism. In this account, realism is not a literary genre, but rather the evolving recognition of human consciousness of its own conditions, the growing awareness, that is, that reality and the real inhere in the sensuous, the mundane, and the human. At the center of this narrative, Auerbach places Judaism and its heritage rather than Christianity. For Auerbach, history and historical consciousness first appear in the Jewish biblical stories, which provide in turn the structure and the framework for all subsequent expressions of historical thought and experience.
Introduction
Authors: Kamuf Peggy
Published: May 2019

This short introduction reviews how this book came about after a long and varied engagement with Derrida’s seminar. It explains both the choice of texts in the chapters that follow and why other texts were not included, such as Richard Wright’s Native Son and Camus’s The Stranger (except for a brief reading in chapter 1).
Under Representation
Authors: Lloyd David
Published: May 2019

David Lloyd offers Under Representation as a contribution to the genealogy of the racial formation of the human in aesthetic culture. There have been far too few substantive accounts of the central role of the aesthetic in the emergence and dissemination of that universal human subjecthood. In Under Representation, Lloyd argues that the constitutive relation between the concepts of universality, freedom, and humanity and the racial order of the modern world is grounded in the founding texts of the disciplines that articulated them and that we now term the humanities.
The Aesthetic Regime of Representation
Authors: Lloyd David
Published: May 2019

“The Aesthetic Regime of Representation” focuses on the work of German idealist aesthetic thought in the political context of the bourgeois revolutions of America and France. Analyzing Kant’s Critique of Judgment, it considers the “turn to the aesthetic” as a means of forestalling the immediacy of revolution and installing an implicitly pedagogical and developmental system of representation that defines the human and the political subject as universal and disinterested. That system relies on a notion of common sense that separates the civil subject from the Savage, who remains fixed at the threshold of humanity. The foundations of aesthetic philosophy are at the same time the foundations of a “regime of representation” that offers not a means to inclusion, but a mode of regulating access to recognition as a fully human and politically capable subject.
The Pathological Sublime: Pleasure and Pain in the Racial Regime
Authors: Lloyd David
Published: May 2019

“The Pathological Sublime” shows how Kant’s location of aesthetic experience in the subjective yet universal judgment of taste generates a concept of representation that is fundamentally racial and developmental. He labels Edmund Burke’s alternative approach to aesthetic affects “pathological,” meaning an unfree state based on sensation, fear or desire. The pathological subject is the antithesis of the ethical human who can participate in civil society through sharing the common sense that grounds aesthetic universality. Burke’s reflections on the sublime horror inspired by the sight of a black woman mark the limit of the argument for universality he bases on sensations. Where Frantz Fanon’s racial phenomenology of being seen in Black Skin White Masks dramatizes his “lived experience” of being barred from human identity, Burke’s anecdote foregrounds the anxious abyss into which the encounter with blackness throws the white subject and his representational schemas.
The Aesthetic Taboo: Aura, Magic, and the Primitive
Authors: Lloyd David
Published: May 2019

“The Aesthetic Taboo” concerns the place of primitive anthropology in the aesthetic theory of Walter Benjamin and Theodor Adorno. It traces the influence of Freud’s Totem and Taboo through their work, in the concepts myth, magic, and aura. Neither thinker ever manages to escape the historical narrative of aesthetics: the transition from a state of necessity that defines the Savage as pathological subject, through a state of domination to an ideal state of freedom. Adorno and Benjamin continue to think within the traditions of Kant and Schiller. Yet in Aesthetic Theory magic images the sensuous remnant in the artwork that withstands rationalization. This “pathological” moment restores to the aesthetic its foundations in pleasure and pain and demands the destruction of the racial regime of representation. Its analogy with the Subaltern suggests another conception of life in common, predicated on the pains and pleasures of the pathological subject.
“Peasants” Against Industrialization: Images of the Peasantry and Urban Activists’ Representations of the Rural
Authors: Majumder Sarasij
Published: May 2019

This chapter shows how urban activists seek to construct an authentic peasant voice in order to make connections with a transnational civil society, which has its own agendas, views, and implicit or explicit interests. The construction of an “authentic voice” requires erasing differences within villages in the name of social justice. The strategies employed to do so lead to the silencing and exclusion of many poor and non-poor villagers, and even the protesters themselves, who stand to gain in various ways from the building of the factory.
Value Versus Values?
Authors: Majumder Sarasij
Published: May 2019

This chapter foregrounds three interrelated issues that run through the book: (1) the incommensurability between land and money, (2) the double life of development, and (3) structural power and value. It emphasizes that the incommensurability between land and money that led to protests over state compensation for land takings are neither a case of pure rejection of industrialization nor of simple irrational thought and institutional failure. To understand the impasse, one has to look at the local iterations of development.
From a Defunct Factory to a “Crematorium”
Authors: Majumder Sarasij
Published: May 2019

This section tracks the present situation in the factory site.
The Screen of Geoengineering
Authors: Neyrat Frédéric
Published: May 2019

The first chapter begins with an overview of political discourses and discussions taking place around geo-constructivist discussions of climate change at the Copenhagen Summit on Climate Change and the potentially disastrous predicaments of those attempting to partake in potential solutions and perhaps actions that can only lead to more disastrous repercussions. Here, Neyrat begins to describe the peculiar situation and the “mirror of the Anthropocene” where mankind and a myriad of actors seemingly positioned to be in opposing camps find themselves embracing geo-constructivist program whereby re-making the Earth will be the task to undertake in an almost arrogant position of mankind at once being aware of its potential hand in the current predicaments of climate change as well as now, still, striving to embolden its position as “steward of the Earth,” willing to take into consideration technological advances that may or may not only worsen the situation with unexpected consequences.
An Ecology of Resilience
Authors: Neyrat Frédéric
Published: May 2019

Chapter 5 leads Neyrat to explore the concept of resilience the ideas of chaos theory, the concept of turbulence, and how all of these theories found their way into discussions of ecology in the 1970s as part of the realization of a paradigm shift: The world is ontologically and irremediably unstable. With this realization came a new attention to the conception of an ecology of resilience. Neyrat describes the paradoxical point that shows that resilience can be viewed as the ability to adapt to change and, at the same time in order to do this, resilience can also be viewed as how a system remains in a state of perpetually instability. Whereas we would normally think of systems being in stable states, a closer look at thinkers studying theories of resilience in relation to chaos theory demonstrates that a new ecology would be one where there are a myriad of non-linear relations among entities undergoing perpetual change. This mindset is part of what Neyrat calls the ecology of turbulence. Resilience is at once the ability to adapt to change and also to buffer disturbances or turbulence to the system and persist.
The Unconstructable Earth
Authors: Neyrat Frédéric
Published: May 2019

In chapter 13 Neyrat summarizes a variety of conceptions of of the Earth conceived from various actors, from the early founding thinkers of the environmental and ecology movements in the United States such as Aldo Lepold and John Muir to more recent scientific conceptions of the Earth as a cybernetic living organism proposed by the celebrated scientist James Lovelock and his Gaia theory or Carolyn Merchant’s conception that each part of the ecosystem contributes to the health of the entire ecosystem as a whole. Neyrat goes on to show that what he terms minoritarian discourses refuse to consider the Earth as something that is mechanical in any way and that it is a living organism in its own right. These minoritarian discourses are in complete contrast to the variety of geo-constructivist discourses that today see the Earth as something technologically manageable.
Translating and Rewriting Chinese Proverbs: A Case Study of Howard Goldblatt’s English Translation of Mo Yan’s “Shengsi Pilao”
Authors: Wang Jinyue
Published: May 2019

Howard Goldblatt’s translation of Mo Yan’s novels remains controversial because he has made various changes in his translation. As a result, a lot of original messages in Mo Yan’s novels were not completely conveyed. In this paper, this author compared and analyzed several examples of Chinese proverbs selected from Mo Yan’s novel “Shengsi Pilao” and their translation in “Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out” translated by Howard Goldblatt, in an attempt to investigate how Goldblatt coped with linguistic and cultural challenges in the examples. Findings indicate that based on rewriting, Goldblatt has basically used six translation methods to translate Mo Yan’s Chinese proverbs in the novel into English and his transcreation which was previously neglected can be uncovered in his translation of the proverbs. This study can help other translators reflect on how to translate proverbs in other Chinese literary works into English and provide valuable references to researchers who intend to conduct research into this area.
Keeping Conversation Rolling by Iraqi EFL University Learners
Authors: Al-Shemmery Muayad Mingher , AlMumar Hisham Adnan , Al-Fatlawi Dheyaa
Published: May 2019

The present study sheds some light on the conversation as an optimal form of communication. Also, it tries to illustrate Iraqi EFL learners’ aptitude for producing conversation and specifying the errors types committed by them in its progression. To accomplish these purposes, it is hypothesized that the learners may face formidable problems in sharing their experiences with each other and are unable to keep a conversation going. In the face of such problems, a sample of (50) learners is selected to a diagnostic test administration. The subjects are at the Fourth year, Department of English, College of Education for Humanities, University of Babylon. Data analysis has proved that the leaners encounter more difficulty on the production level than the recognition one. This manifestation is manifested itself in the number of the learners’ correct responses as compared with their incorrect ones on both levels.
Influences of Product Involvement and Symbolic Consumption Cues in Advertisements on Consumer Attitudes
Authors: Yang Chao-Ming
Published: May 2019

Symbolic consumption has become pervasive in daily life; advertisements focusing on brand awareness and celebrity endorsements involve strong product symbols and serve as a persuasive advertising tool. This study employed a 2 × 2 between-subject experimental design to investigate the influence of two independent variables, namely the level of consumer product involvement (high and low levels of involvement) and types of symbolic cues (brand and celebrity symbols), on consumer attitudes toward advertisements (Aad) and brands (Ab). Four notable findings were revealed: (1) the level of participant product involvement affected their fondness for Aad and Ab; (2) symbolic cues affected participant Aad and Ab; (3) participants with a high level of product involvement exhibited more positive Aad; and (4) participants with low product involvement demonstrated more positive Ab. In the contemporary advertising market, how enterprises can enable a product to convey a certain symbolic meaning has become particularly critical, and enterprises should not ignore the influences that symbolic consumption may have on consumers. These study results serve as a reference for enterprises and advising agents for devising future product advertising strategies.
Changes in Quality Attributes Related to Browning during Storage of Litchi Juice Fermented by Lactobacillus
Authors: Yuan Xingxing , Yu Yuanshan , Xu Yujuan , Xiao Gengsheng , Wu Jijun
Published: May 2019

Litchi juice fermented by Lactobacillus casei was heated (95°C, 1 min) and stored in a dark place at 25°C. Changes in quality attributes (color, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, sugars, free amino acids, and others) related to browning in fermented litchi juice were investigated during the six months of storage. Noticeable visual changes due to browning were observed during storage of fermented litchi juice, especially in the upper part of the juice bottle, and the value of color difference (△E) increased to 7.12±0.04 after six months of storage. The 5-HMF content increased with the increase in storage time, which rose from 0 to 2.31±0.16 mg/L after six months of storage. Five soluble phenolic compounds (rutin, narcissoside, quercetin, kaempferol-rutinose-rhamnoside, and isorhamnetin-rutinose-rhamnoside) were identified in fermented litchi juice, none of which showed a significant decrease (P>0.05), whereas a tendency for total phenolic content to decrease was observed during storage of fermented litchi juice. Adding 0.3 g/L of sodium sulfite can inhibit the browning reaction in fermented litchi juice and decrease the formation of 5-HMF as well as the loss of total phenolics.
Slachtoffers van bedrijfsgeweld
Authors: Lauwaert Katrien
Published: May 2019

Victims of corporate violence. Empirical exploration of a forgotten group – also in restorative justice

This article explores victimisation by corporate violence on the basis of case studies, interviews and focus groups with victims and professionals carried out in the European project Victims and Corporations. The typical characteristics of victimisation by corporate violence are described, as well as the harmful effects for victims and their social context. The problematic aspects of tackling corporate violence through criminal procedures lead to a first evaluation of the possible contribution of restorative processes to this field on the basis of interviews and a focus group with restorative justice professionals.
Herstelrecht en slachtoffers van bedrijfsgeweld
Authors: Aertsen Ivo
Published: May 2019

Restorative justice and victims of corporate violence

Whether and under which conditions restorative justice can be applied to cases of corporate violence is explored starting from the phenomenon of corporate violence, defined as acts committed by corporations in the course of their regular activities but with harmful consequences for people’s health. Specific characteristics of different types of corporate violence are presented, as well as victims’ needs, experiences and expectations. The applicability of restorative justice, but also the need of its rethinking, is discussed through an analysis of the role of its key actors and the concepts of participation and restoration.
On some inequalities of Cauchy-Bunyakousky-Schwarz type and applications
Authors: Dragomir S.S. , Sofo A.
Published: May 2019

Some discrete inequalities of Cauchy-Bunyakovsky-Schwarz type for complex numbers with applications for the maximal deviation of a sequence from its weighted mean are given.
On a relation to two basic Hilbert-type integral inequalities
Authors: Yang Bicheng
Published: May 2019

In this paper, by using the way of weight function and the technic of real analysis, a new integral inequality with some parameters and a best constant factor is given, which is a relation to two basic Hilbert-type integral inequalities. The equivalent form and the reverse forms are considered.
$p$-harmonic morphisms, cohomology classes and submersions
Authors: Chen Bang-Yen , Wei Shihshu Walter
Published: May 2019

By studying cohomology classes that are related with $p$-harmonic morphisms, we extend some previous results of the first author on Riemannian submersions with minimal fibers to $n$-harmonic morphisms which are submersions.
Optimal order policy for deteriorating items in response to temporary price discount linked to order quantity
Authors: Ouyang Liang-Yuh , Yang Chih-Te , Yen Hsiu-Feng
Published: May 2019

This paper investigates the possible effects of a temporary price discount offered by a supplier on a retailer's replenishment policy for deteriorating items, whereby the price discount rate depends on the order quantity. The purpose of this study is to develop a decision process for retailers to assist in determining whether to adopt a regular or special order policy. Furthermore, the optimal quantity of a special order policy for a selected case is determined by maximizing the total cost saving between special and regular orders for the duration of the depletion time. This research establishes an algorithm to determine the optimal solution and utilizes several numerical examples to illustrate the theoretical results and subsequently conducts a sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to the main parameters. Finally, the results reveal that (1) the optimal special order quantity is determined by trading off the benefits of the price discount against the additional holding cost, (2) the retailer benefits in terms of total cost saving if the remnant inventory is as low as possible when adopting a special order policy, (3) for the retailer it is preferable to adopt the special order policy if the unit purchase cost, market demand rate and/or ordering cost increase, and (4) the retailer will order a lower quantity and the total cost saving will decrease when either the holding cost rate or deterioration rate is high. Thus, this study provides the basis for enterprises to make inventory decisions.
Generalized sharp Hardy type and Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg type inequalities on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Wei Shihshu Walter , Li Ye
Published: May 2019

We prove generalized Hardy's type inequalities with sharp constants and Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities with sharp constants on Riemannian manifolds $M$. When the manifold is Euclidean space we recapture the sharp Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequality. By using a double limiting argument, we obtain an inequality that implies a sharp Hardy's inequality, for functions with compact support on the manifold $M $ (that is, not necessarily on a punctured manifold $ M \backslash \{ x_0 \} $ where $x_0$ is a fixed point in $M$). Some topological and geometric applications are discussed.
Noninformative Bayesian $P$-values for testing marginal homogeneity in $2 \times 2$ contingency tables
Authors: Chen Lee-Shen , Yang Ming-Chung
Published: May 2019

This article considers the problem of testing marginal homogeneity in $2 \times 2$ contingency tables under the multinomial sampling scheme. From the frequentist perspective, McNemar's exact $p$-value ($p_{_{\textsl ME}}$) is the most commonly used $p$-value in practice, but it can be conservative for small to moderate sample sizes. On the other hand, from the Bayesian perspective, one can construct Bayesian $p$-values by using the proper prior and posterior distributions, which are called the prior predictive $p$-value ($p_{prior}$) and the posterior predictive $p$-value ($p_{post}$), respectively. Another Bayesian $p$-value is called the partial posterior predictive $p$-value ($p_{ppost}$), first proposed by [2], which can avoid the double use of the data that occurs in $p_{post}$. For the preceding problem, we derive $p_{prior}$, $p_{post}$, and $p_{ppost}$ based on the noninformative uniform prior. Under the criterion of uniformity in the frequentist sense, comparisons among $p_{prior}$, $p_{_{{\textsl ME}}}$, $p_{post}$ and $p_{ppost}$ are given. Numerical results show that $p_{ppost}$ has the best performance for small to moderately large sample sizes.
A simple proof of inequalities related to means
Authors: Yang Gou-Sheng , Liu Shuoh-Jung
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this paper is to give a fairly elementary method to prove that the function $u(\alpha)=[\frac{x^{\alpha}-y^{\alpha}}{\alpha(x-y)}]^{\frac{1}{\alpha -1}},$ $\alpha \neq 0,1, u(0)=I, u(1)=L, $ is strictly increasing, and to give a simple proof of the inequalities $x
Before Rupertsberg
Authors: Meconi Honey
Published: May 2019

This chapter introduces composer Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179), a polymath visionary who was the most prolific composer of plainchant and creator of the first musical “morality play.” It traces her enclosure at the Disibodenberg monastery with the pious Jutta of Sponheim at the age of twelve, her leadership of a community of Benedictine nuns, the startling vision that compelled her to begin documenting her visions when she was forty-two in her book Scivias, and interactions with her confessor Volmar, St. Bernard of Clairvaux, and Pope Eugenius III. Another important vision instructed her to leave Disibodenberg with her nuns and create a new community at Rupertsberg, on the Rhine River across from Bingen.
A New Life
Authors: Meconi Honey
Published: May 2019

The chapter compares Hildegard’s new life at Rupertsberg with her previous time at Disibodenberg, with emphasis on the Opus dei component of monastic life, the limited opportunities for musical performance while at Disibodenberg, and her newfound freedom at Rupertsberg. It examines music possibly used in connection with the rededication of the Rupertsberg church, including O orzchis ecclesia and the musical play Ordo virtutum (The Play of the Virtues). It discusses the play’s plot and structure; musical characterization; performing forces; the range, length, and mode of individual parts (including Victory and Chastity); costuming possibilities; Hildegard’s likely role as Humility; possible reasons for the play’s genesis; and Hildegard’s ongoing interest in the virtues, especially in Scivias.
Aftermath
Authors: Meconi Honey
Published: May 2019

Hildegard’s reception, musical and otherwise, is traced in this chapter. After her death, Theoderic of Echternach completed her Vita, and possibly a series of Eight Readings for her feast day. Gebeno of Eberbach excerpted her works in the Pentachronon, and official canonization procedures began in 1228 (though the process concluded only in 2012, followed by Hildegard’s recognition as a Doctor of the Church). Rupertsberg was destroyed in 1632 and Eibingen dissolved in the early nineteenth century; the Abtei Sankt Hildegard was created in the early twentieth century. Revival of the music began in the mid-nineteenth century, with the first complete edition published in 1969. But only in 1982, with recordings from Sequentia and Gothic Voices, did Hildegard’s music really begin to reach a broad audience.
Hildegard’s Music: An Overview
Authors: Meconi Honey
Published: May 2019

This chapter provides an overview of Hildegard’s music, beginning with an examination of the way in which musical ideas and imagery pervade all of her writings. A discussion of the Dendermonde and Riesencodex collections of her music is followed by a summary of stylistic traits, including characteristics of her poetry (e.g. fascination with viriditas), her choice of subject matter, the use of models, melodic practices, fondness for melisma, and extremes of length and range in selected works. The chapter concludes with her conception of mode and use of accidentals. Throughout comparisons are made with both traditional plainchant (which Hildegard’s music resembles only imperfectly) and contemporary regional practice (which her music does reflect).
Women’s Peacebuilding
Authors: Richter-Devroe Sophie
Published: May 2019

Chapter 1 provides an ethnography and analysis of women’s peacebuilding initiatives in Palestine, tracking the ways in which the UN Security Council Resolution 1325 and the liberal Women, Peace and Security agenda was interpreted and implemented there. After the Oslo Accords, foreign donors but also some scholarly analysts have displayed a peculiar fascination with peacebuilding initiatives between Palestinian and Israelis. Such joint peace initiatives often are legitimized in the international community with reference to the UNSCR 1325, but they have become few and lack social support and impact in Palestine. Countering liberal approaches to peace, politics, and the public sphere, including Habermas’s notion of ideal speech, this chapter argues that joint Palestinian and Israeli women’s peacebuilding in fact constitutes an attempt to discipline rather than to strengthen women’s political activism in Palestine.
Women’s Popular Resistance
Authors: Richter-Devroe Sophie
Published: May 2019

Chapter 2 discusses women’s popular resistance activism. Based on ethnographic observations and interviews with Palestinian female protestors, it traces the forms, meanings, and impact of women’s involvement in demonstrations against the illegal Israeli separation wall. Such embodied protest actions hold particular gender-specific meanings: by dramatically putting their bodies on the line, women resist the Israeli occupation, but they also challenge essentialist discourses that reduce women to biological and cultural reproducers of the nation and counter the international agenda’s disciplining project of confining Palestinian women’s political spaces to that of joint Palestinian-Israeli peace initiatives. By doing politics differently, Palestinian female resistance activists thus challenge classic liberal notions of the political and enact what Nancy Fraser in her critique of Habermas termed “subaltern counterpublics.”
Women’s Everyday Resistance and the Infrapolitics of Ṣumūd
Authors: Richter-Devroe Sophie
Published: May 2019

Chapter 3 deals with women’s less spectacular strategies of quotidian resistance and survival—ṣumūd, as they are often referred to in Palestine. Classic political analysis might consider the silent, ordinary acts that women practice on a daily basis uninteresting, or irrelevant for political change. But the fact that women’s everyday resistance is largely covert does not render it apolitical or without broader significance. The Israeli occupation and settler-colonial policies reach into and dominate the very fine grain of Palestinian everyday life; the everyday and the ordinary today has become a major site where politics is enacted. This chapter argues that women with their daily mundane struggles resist not only the physical occupation of their land and people, but they also the occupation of their mind.
Introduction
Authors: Pernicone Nunzio , Ottanelli Fraser M.
Published: May 2019

Customarily both in Europe and the United States, government officials, the press and historians have described late 19th century anarchists as murderous, bloody thirsty, irrational and wretched individuals The introduction details how the book will show that “propaganda of the deed,” as conceived and carried out by Italian anarchists, was the product of the revolutionary tradition of the Risorgimento; the influence of Russian anarchist revolutionary Mikhail Bakunin; the role of government repression in Italy, France and Spain; along with the experiences of Italian migrant laborers at home and abroad. Finally, the introduction described how the book will also provide biographical portraits and analysis of the major Italian perpetrators of political assassinations in fin-de-siècle Italy, France, and Spain.