bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant Extracts and Isolated Compounds Reduce Parameters of Oxidative Stress Induced by Heavy Metals: An up-to-Date Review on Animal Studies
Authors: Mirkov Ivana , Stojković Dejan , Aleksandrov Aleksandra P. , Ivanov Marija , Kostić Marina , Glamočlija Jasmina , Soković Marina
Published: April 2020

Background:

Heavy metals are elements that are naturally found in the earth. They are used in many modern-day applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry. Heavy metal poisoning occurs when the body’s soft tissues absorb too much of a particular metal. The heavy metals of interest for this review paper were cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and lead since these are the most common metals that the human body can absorb in toxic amounts. Different plant species were investigated in recent years for their effect on oxidative stress parameters after intoxication with heavy metals.

Objectives:

This review paper is focused on the current update to research on heavy metals induced oxidative stress in animal models and improvement of the oxidative stress parameters upon/co-/after treatment with different plant extracts and isolated compounds.

Methods:

The available literature was screened for the novel data regarding the influence of plant extracts and compounds on heavy metals induced oxidative stress. For that purposes Scopus database was used, looking for the publications in the last 5-10 years with the key terms: plant extracts, oxidative stress, in vivo, cadmium, lead, mercury and arcenic.

Results:

Various parameters of oxidative stress were investigated, and their improvement with plant extracts/ compounds was observed in the brain, lungs, kidneys, liver, uterus, testis, thymus, spleen, heart, skin and blood of experimental animals. Common parameters used to determine oxidative stress in animals were: superoxide dismutase; catalase; reduced glutathione; glutathione reductase; glutathione-S-transferase; glutathione peroxidase; lipid peroxidation; oxidized glutathione; malondialdehyde; xanthine oxidase; nonprotein-soluble thiol; thioredoxin reductase; total sulphydryl group; nitric oxide; γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase.

Conclusions:

The most investigated species for antioxidant effects upon intoxication with heavy metals seem to be Allium sp., Bacopa monniera, Camellia sinensis, Moringa oleifera, Vitis vinifera and Zingiber officinale. According to literature data, the most promising effect to alleviate symptoms of intoxication was achieved with proanthocyanidins obtained from Vitis vinifera.
Dendrobium officinalis Flower Improves Learning and Reduces Memory Impairment by Mediating Antioxidant Effect and Balancing the Release of Neurotransmitters in Senescent Rats
Authors: Li Lin-Zi , Lei Shan-Shan , Li Bo , Zhou Fu-Chen , Chen Ye-Hui , Su Jie , Lv Gui-Yuan , Chen Su-Hong
Published: April 2020

Aim and Objective:

The Dendrobium officinalis flower (DOF) is popular in China due
to common belief in its anti-aging properties and positive effects on “nourish yin”. However, there
have been relatively few confirmatory pharmacological experiments conducted to date. The aim of
this work was to evaluate whether DOF has beneficial effects on learning and memory in senescent
rats, and, if so, to determine its potential mechanism of effect.

Materials and Methods:

SD rats were administrated orally DOF at a dose of 1.38, or 0.46 g/kg
once a day for 8 weeks. Two other groups included a healthy untreated control group and a
senescent control group. During the 7th week, a Morris water maze test was performed to assess
learning and memory. At the end of the experiment, serum and brain samples were collected to
measure concentrations of antioxidant enzymes, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide
dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GSH-Px) in serum, and the
neurotransmitters, including γ-aminobutyric acid (γ-GABA), Glutamic (Glu), and monoamine
oxidase B (MAO-B) in the brain. Histopathology of the hippocampus was assessed using
hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining.

Results:

The results suggested that treatment with DOF improved learning as measured by escape
latency, total distance, and target quadrant time, and also increased levels of γ-GABA in the brain.
In addition, DOF decreased the levels of MDA, Glu, and MAO-B, and improved SOD and GSHPx.
Histopathological analysis showed that DOF also significantly reduced structural lesions and
neurodegeneration in the hippocampus relative to untreated senescent rats.

Conclusion:

DOF alleviated brain aging and improved the spatial learning abilities in senescent
rats, potentially by attenuating oxidative stress and thus reducing hippocampal damage and
balancing the release of neurotransmitters.
Melatonin Treatment Combined with TGF-β Silencing Inhibits Epithelial- Mesenchymal Transition in CF41 Canine Mammary Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Custódio Paulo R. , Colombo Jucimara , Ventura Fabrício V. , Castro Tialfi B. , Zuccari Debora A.P.C.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Mammary cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer in female dogs. The main cause of mortality is the occurrence of metastasis. The metastatic process is complex and involves the Epithelial- Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), which can be activated by Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) and involves changes in cellular phenotype, as well as, in the expression of proteins such as E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and claudin-7. Melatonin is a hormone with oncostatic and anti-metastatic properties and appears to participate in the TGF-β pathway. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the expression of EMT markers, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and claudin-7, as well as, the cell migration of the canine mammary cancer cell line, CF41, after treatment with melatonin and TGF-β silencing.

Methods:

Canine mammary cancer cell line, CF41, was cultured and characterized in relation to markers ER, PR and HER2. Cell line CF41 with reducing expression level of TGF-βwas performed according to Leonel et al. (2017). Expression of the protein E-caderin, N-cadherin, vimentin and claudin-7 was evaluated by immunocytochemistry and quantified by optical densitometry. The analysis of cell migration was performed in transwell chambers with 8μM pore size membrane.

Results:

CF41 cells present a triple negative phenotype, which is an aggressive phenotype. Immunocytochemistry staining showed increased expression of E-caderin and claudin-7 (P˂0.05) and decreased expression of N-cadherin and vimentin (P˂0.05) in CF41 cells after treatment with 1mM melatonin and TGF-β silencing. Moreover, treatment with melatonin and TGF-β silencing was able to reduce migration in cell line CF41 (P˂0.05).

Conclusion:

Our data suggests that therapies combining TGF- β1 silencing and melatonin may be effective in suppressing the process of EMT, corroborating the hypothesis that melatonin acts on the TGF-β1 pathway and can reduce the metastatic potential of CF41 cells. This is so far the first study that reports melatonin treatment in CF41 cells with TGF-β1 silencing and its effect on EMT. Thus, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Active tuning of hybrid plasmonics in graphene-covered metallic nanotrench-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Uddin Noor , Yang Qing , Du Guangqing , Chen Feng , Li Huijing , Hou Xun
Published: April 2020

Abstract Graphene has recently emerged as a possible platform for integrated optoelectronics and hybrid photonic devices because of its promising electronic and optical characteristics. Here, we propose the active tuning of hybrid plasmonics in intrinsic graphene-based gold rectangle nanotrench by modifying the graphene electron system. We found that the plasmonics response in graphene thicknesses can be unprecedentedly tuned by altering the thickness of thick graphene covering nanotrench geometry. It is explained as the active plasmonics hybridization leading to the tunability of the enhanced e -field localized within the graphene-covered metallic nanotrench. This study can be useful for optoelectronic devices based on hybrid graphene structures at IR wavelengths.
The frequency, types and causes of medical device-related errors reported in the literature: a Rapid Review (Preprint)
Authors: Anderson Emilia , Poon Simon , Penm Jonathan
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

The use of medical devices is rapidly expanding. Despite this, there is a huge gap in the literature surrounding the use of devices in healthcare and the adverse events occurring. Given that these errors can be life-threatening, it is imperative to have a thorough understanding of the problem in order to improve patient safety.

OBJECTIVE

To conduct a Rapid Review to identify the frequency, types and causes of medical device-related errors which are reported in published peer-reviewed literature.

METHODS

Following PRISMA guidelines, a literature search strategy was developed. Databases searched until 23 February 2018 included Pubmed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and Cinahl. Articles were included if they: defined medical devices, reported the frequency, causes and types of errors, were published in peer-reviewed literature. Articles were screened and discussed by two authors.

RESULTS

Database searching yielded 7,559 unduplicated articles. After two rounds of screening, 24 articles were included in the Review. Device types included cochlear implants, defibrillator leads, anaesthetic & intensive care devices, surgical equipment, automated external defibrillators, radiation oncology devices, ambulance stretchers, breast pumps, cardiovascular devices, orthopaedic devices, and patient controlled analgesia devices. The frequency of errors was 3.83-33.0%. The most common causes were user error, malfunction and design error.

CONCLUSIONS

This Review identified a range of device types associated with errors. The frequency of errors was lower than published literature. User error was confirmed as a leading cause, alongside malfunction and design error. Future research should examine near-miss events and expand the device types studied.
Efficacy of a Web-Based Intervention (Smart Choices 4 Teens) for Facilitating Parent-Adolescent Communication About Relationships and Sexuality: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Bourdeau Beth , Miller Brenda A , Byrnes Hilary F , Woodall W Gill , Buller David B , Grube Joel W
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

There is a need for interventions that promote healthy decision making among adolescents and leverage the ongoing impact of parental relationships through older adolescence and young adulthood. These interventions should maximize adolescent engagement and be easily accessible to families in terms of cost, duration, and logistics related to participation.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to test the efficacy of the healthy relationships and sexual decision-making component of a web-based intervention for older adolescents and their parents, ascertain whether the efficacy varies by gender, and assess its efficacy over time.

METHODS

A randomized controlled trial was conducted for the web-based, self-paced intervention Smart Choices 4 Teens from 2014 to 2015. Families (N=411) with adolescents aged 16-17 years were randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition. Surveys assessing aspects of sexual communication were administered at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18 months. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine the impact of exposure to the relationships component of the intervention on sexual communication by parents, as reported by adolescents.

RESULTS

Less than half (88/206, 42.7%) of the intervention group participated in the third and final intervention component, which was focused on relationships and sexual decision making. Participation in the relationships component increased the frequency of parental sexual communication and increased the number of dating rules after accounting for other significant adolescent characteristics. The impact of the intervention varied little by gender, although it did demonstrate an impact on communication reports over the follow-up survey administrations.

CONCLUSIONS

Smart Choices 4 Teens demonstrated efficacy in increasing the frequency of sexual communication between parents and adolescents in the long term.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03521115; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03521115
STUDENT ENGAGMENT AND MATH TEACHERS SUPPORT
Authors: Alrajeh Tahani Salman , Shindel Beth Winfrey
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence student engagement in mathematics classes. It explored the relationship among emotional, organizational, and instructional support and the impacts of characteristics of teacher, such as years of experience, and sexual orientation, on student engagement. Data were taken from the Consortium for Political and Social Research. The study was involved mathematics teachers and encompassed three years of data collection and observation. Data were collected first hand through classroom observations and student–teacher surveys. In this study, ANOVA, t-test, and partial correlation were employed to evaluate the relationships among the study variables based on participants’ responses. The relationship between student engagement and instructional support weakened after controlling for emotional and organizational support. However, instructional support continued to significantly influence student engagement. In addition, results showed a significant difference in student engagement attributed to the teacher’s gender. Results revealed the interaction between gender and years of experience significantly influenced student engagement, which was in favor of female teachers.
DEVELOPING PMRI LEARNING ENVIRONMENT THROUGH LESSON STUDY FOR PRE-SERVICE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER
Authors: Fauziah Anna , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Zulkardi Zulkardi , Somakim Somakim
Published: April 2020

Teachers’ pedagogical ability contributes significantly to their process and learning performance. To improve it, a development process is needed as long as they are still having their process of education or they are still teacher students. This study aimed to develop a valid and practical PMRI learning environment through lesson study which had a potential effect on improving the pedagogical abilities of pre-service primary school teachers. A design research method of development study type was used in this study consisting of three phases, namely the preliminary, development or prototyping phase, and assessment phase. The research subjects were 32 students of Primary School Teacher Education of Sriwijaya University. The data were collected using walkthrough, observation, documentation, questionnaires, interviews, and tests. The study produced a learning environment with a valid and practical Campus-School (CS) model and had a potential effect on improving teacher students' pedagogical ability. The learning environment was in the form of training on campus and implementation in schools. Based on the data analysis, the learning environment was able to produce pre-service primary education teachers understanding the PMRI through lesson study and design PMRI learning tools through a lesson study.
Prospects for socio-economic development of the urban system
Authors: Sekirina Elena Evgenevna , Tolmachev Alexey Alexandrovich
Published: April 2020

The article presents an analysis of the socio-economic development of the city as a system. The main problems faced by Russian cities in the course of their development and ways to solve them have been revealed. The experience of socio-economic development of foreign cities was presented as an example, and the most effective methods were identified. On the basis of the findings, the option of implementing foreign development experience in the Russian city system has been proposed. The relevance of the analysis is due to the need for socio-economic development of cities in Russia.
Good Governance in Islam: The Nigerian Experience
Authors: Aminu Mu'allimu Kamabari , Musaddad Aliyu Ibrahim , Isah Adamu Tanko
Published: April 2020

This paper begins with an examination of the concept of good governance in Islam. The paper proceeds with a discussion on the precepts of good governance in Islam and the role of leadership in good governance. It is against this background that the paper looks at the Nigerian governance experience over the last few years. The paper concludes with some useful recommendations.
Konsep Negara Ideal Ali Abdul Raziq Dan Relevansinya Dengan Pancasila
Authors: Putra Ridho
Published: April 2020

Negara yang ideal pada hakikatnya adalah suatu keluarga, sehingga dalam suatu negara semua bersaudara. Karenanya setiap warga negara haruslah bersikap kekeluargaan yang mencerminkan adanya kerukukunan dan keharmonisan, baik di kalangan elite pemerintahan maupun rakyatnya. Mirisnya, Negara telah dijadikan alat untuk memuaskan keinginan bagi para penguasa. Yang menjadi fokus permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana bentuk  negara ideal menurut Ali Abdul Raziq? Dan apa relevansi negara ideal Ali Abdul Raziq terhadap pancasila di Indonesia?Tulisan ini adalah hasil studi pustaka. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis dan penalaran deduktif. Negara ideal menurut Ali Abdul Raziq ialah negara yang berasaskan humanisme universal yang memperjuang-kan rakyatnya, demokrasi dan keadilan sosial, yaitu negara sekuler bagi kaum muslimin dan non muslim yang hidup di negara itu. Sementara relevansi pemikiran negara ideal Ali Abdul Raziq dengan Pancasila adalah jika nilai-nilai demokrasi, keadilan sosial berasaskan humanisme yang harus diberikan kepada setiap manusia tanpa memandang label agamanya, maka negara ideal yang dimaksud Ali Abdul Raziq relevan dengan filosofi Pancasila sebagai dasar negara Indonesia. Indonesia bukan negara sekuler dan juga bukan negara agama, tetapi berada di tengah-tengah, yaitu nilai-nilai agama diintegrasikan ke dalam hukum negara.
El mal antropológico en Hegel
Authors: Herráiz Pedro José
Published: April 2020

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La storia delle religioni e l’antropologia in Hegel
Authors: Pagano Maurizio
Published: April 2020

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Una teoría moral del arte. Moralismo moderado, epistémico y sistémico
Authors: Castro Sixto J.
Published: April 2020

RESUMENEn el presente artículo examino las diferentes posiciones teóricas en torno al complejo asunto de la relación entre arte y moral, y defiendo la tesis anunciada por Noël Carroll del moralismo moderado. No obstante, considero que ésta aproximación debe ser ampliada y explicitada desde una perspectiva epistémica y otra sistématica.PALABRAS CLAVEESTÉTICA, TEORÍA DEL ARTE, MORALIDAD, SISTEMAABSTRACTIn this paper I analyze the different theoretical approaches to the complex question of the relation between art and moral. I defend Noël Carroll´s thesis of the moderate moralism. Notwithstanding, I considerer that approache should be competed and explained from an epistemic and a systemic point of view.KEYWORDSAESTHETICS, THEORY OF ART, SYSTEM
Teorías y actitudes escépticas en la Antigüedad
Authors: García González Juan A.
Published: April 2020

RESUMENSe expone en este trabajo una panorámica del escepticismo antiguo, en sus tres fromas más notables: pirronismo, probabilismo y fenomenismo. Después se procede a una caracterización general del escepticismo y se glosa la interpretación hegeliana del mismo.PALABRAS CLAVEESCEPTICISMO, FILOSOFÍA GRIEGAABSTRACTIt is exposed in this work a panoramic of the old scepticism, in their three more remarkable forms: pirronism, probabilism and phenomenism. The you proceeds to a general characterization of the scepticism and is glossed the interpretation hegeliana of the scepticism.KEYWORDSSCEPTICISM, GREEK PHILOSOPHY
"Prólogo" a Fenomenología de la percepción
Authors: Arias García Benito
Published: April 2020

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Principios del derecho del a guerra. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Authors: Rubio-Carracedo José
Published: April 2020

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НАПРЯМИ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ В УКРАЇНІ: ПРАВОВИЙ ТА ФІНАНСОВИЙ АСПЕКТИ
Authors: Gogol Tetiana , Hnedina Kateryna
Published: April 2020

У статті досліджено основні напрями реформування системи вищої освіти з урахуванням європейських стандартів та рекомендацій. Здійснено огляд нових підходів до формування системи забезпечення якості та реалізації практичних заходів системи реформування з метою покращення якості вищої освіти в Україні. Проаналізовано тенденції формування внутрішньої системи забезпечення якості та впровадження інструментів дотримання принципів академічної доброчесності закладами вищої освіти, а також зміни у процедурі акредитації освітніх програм. Зроблено висновки про те, що поряд із позитивними зрушеннями в забезпеченні якості необхідним є реформування механізму державного фінансування вищої освіти в Україні. Зокрема, доцільним є фінансування закладів вищої
освіти на основі принципу ефективності діяльності.
Análise da Variação Microclimática em Diferentes Níveis de Fragmentação (Analysis of Microclimate Variation at Different Levels of Fragmentation)
Authors: Freitas Anne Falcão de , Santos Joel Silva dos , Lima Rita Baltazar de
Published: April 2020

A fragmentação da vegetação inserida no ambiente urbano, decorrente da ocupação desordenada do solo, gera transformações significativas na dinâmica dos fatores termodinâmicos. Este trabalho analisa o sistema microclimático urbano, subsistema termodinâmico da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, em diferentes níveis de fragmentação. Foram realizadas coletas de dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, em três pontos com diferentes fragmentações, durante os períodos: chuvoso (março a agosto) e seco (setembro a fevereiro). Também foi avaliado o nível de estresse térmico e foi efetuada a classificação dos tipos de cobertura de solo em cada ponto monitorado, resultando em nove classes, de acordo com a percentagem da presença de vegetação, de materiais permeáveis e de materiais impermeáveis, tendo sido utilizados métodos quantitativos e qualitativos. Os resultados demonstraram que os diferentes níveis de fragmentação da Mata Atlântica, no espaço urbano da UFPB, têm alterado o campo térmico, e consequentemente alterado também o conforto térmico desse espaço.   A B S T R A C T The fragmentation of vegetation inserted in the urban environment, resulting from the disorderly occupation of soil, generates significant transformation in the dynamics of the thermodynamic factors. This paper analyzes the urban microclimate system, thermodynamic subsystem at the Federal University of Paraiba, in different levels of fragmentation. Temperature data collection and relative humidity were held at three points with different fragmentation during periods: rainy (March to August) and dry (September to February). It also assessed the level of thermal stress and it was performed the classification of the soil cover types at each point monitored, resulting in nine classes, according to the percentage of the presence of vegetation, for permeable materials and impervious materials, having been used quantitative and qualitative methods. The results demonstrated that the different levels of fragmentation of the Atlantic Forest, in the urban space from UFPB, have changed the thermal field, and consequently also changed the thermal comfort of this space. Keywords: Microclimate, fragmentation levels, UFPB
Identificação de Ilhas de Calor na Cidade de Campina Grande-PB Utilizando Sensoriamento Remoto (Identification of Heat Islands in Campina Grande City-PB Using Remote Sensing)
Authors: Araújo Elânia Daniele Silva
Published: April 2020

A intensa urbanização causa diversos problemas de natureza ambiental, climática e social. O crescimento não planejado da população urbana e a remoção da vegetação são fatores que intensificam estes problemas. As temperaturas na cidade são significativamente mais quentes do que as suas zonas rurais circundantes devido às atividades humanas. As intensas mudanças espaciais em áreas urbanas, promovem significativo aumento na temperatura, causando o chamado efeito de Ilha de Calor Urbano (ICU). Campina Grande é uma cidade de tamanho médio que experimentou um crescimento desordenado, desde o tempo do comércio de algodão e, como qualquer cidade de grande ou médio porte, sofre alterações em seu espaço. Dessa forma, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a variabilidade espaço-temporal da temperatura da superfície (Ts) e detectar ICU, através de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. Para o efeito, foram utilizadas imagens dos satélites Landsat 5 e 8, dos anos de 1995, 2007 e 2014. Aumentos da Ts foram bem evidentes e foram detectadas duas ICU. Campina Grande mostra um padrão de tendência: o crescimento urbano não planejado é responsável por mudanças no ambiente físico e na forma e estrutura espacial da cidade, o que se reflete sobre o microclima e, em última análise, na qualidade de vida das pessoas.   ABSTRACT The intense urbanization causes several problems of environmental, climate and social nature. The unplanned growth of urban population and the vegetation removal are factors that deepen these problems. Temperatures in the city are significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. Large spatial changes in urban areas promote significant increase in temperature, causing the so-called Urban Heat Island effect (UHI). Campina Grande is a medium-sized town that experienced an uncontrolled growth since the time of the cotton trade and like any large or medium-sized city, undergoes changes in its space. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze surface temperature spatial and temporal variability and to detect potential UHI, through remote sensing techniques. Spectral images from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were used. Using images from years 1995, 2007 and 2014, considerable increases in temperature were identified and two UHI were recognize. Campina Grande shows a trend pattern: the urban unplanned growth is responsible for changes in the physical environment and in the form and spatial structure of the city, reflecting on people quality of life. Keywords: change detection, surface temperature, heat islands, urbanization.
Análise das relações entre o δ18O do testemunho de gelo do Nevado Illimani (Bolívia) com a precipitação da região tropical da América do Sul (1929-1998) (Analysis of relations between δ18O the ice core of Nevado Illimani (Bolivia) with the ...)
Authors: Peres Tainã Costa
Published: April 2020

O trabalho explora as relações espaço-temporal entre a série da razão isotópica do oxigênio dezoito (δ18O) do testemunho de gelo do Nevado Illimani (Bolívia) e a série da precipitação na região tropical da América do Sul, entre o período de 1929-1998. Com intuito, de melhorar a representatividade estatística da reconstrução da precipitação pretérita nessa região, usando o δ18O. Foram utilizados dados do δ18O dos primeiros 50 m deste testemunho e 37 séries da precipitação observadas no Brasil e na Bolívia. Adicionalmente, as médias mensais da precipitação foram calculadas e subtraídas das amostras, gerando as anomalias. A análise de dependência abrange as seguintes etapas: elaboração dos diagramas de dispersão, identificação das equações matemáticas de regressão, mensuração do erro e mensuração do índice de correlação. Ao comparar o δ18O com a precipitação identificou-se que os maiores índices de correlação são de aproximadamente |0,2|, o que impossibilita a reconstrução paleoclimática da precipitação pretérita a partir de uma regressão linear. Entretanto, as relações entre as variáveis evidenciam que os registros de máximo (mínimo) fracionamento isotópico estão relacionados à seca (chuvas acima da média) na Amazônia e Centro-Oeste brasileiro e que os registros do δ18O mínimo (máximo) ocorrem simultaneamente secas (chuvas acima da média) nordeste brasileiro, Minas Gerais, Roraima e Amazonas.     A B S T R A C T This paper examines the space-temporal relations between a time serie oxygen stable isotopes ratio (δ18O), obtained from an ice core in Nevado Illimani (Bolivia), and the precipitation serie in South America Tropical, the period 1929-1998. For the purpose of upgrade the statistical representativity of the reconstruction of the preterit precipitation in a tropical region, using the δ18O. We used δ18O data from the upper 50 m of this core and 37 precipitation series was collected in Brazil and Bolivia. Additionally, the time series of precipitations were calculated by subtracting of the mean monthly of original series, resulting in anomalies. The dependency analysis has four stages: elaboration of scatter diagrams, identification of mathematical regression equations, error measurement and measurement of the correlation coefficient.  By comparing the δ18O with precipitation was identified that the correlation indices larger are about | 0.2 |, so it is impossible makes the paleoclimatic reconstruction from a linear regression used the δ18O. However, relations between the variables show that the δ18O maximum (minimum) are related to dry (rain above the mean) in Amazon and Central Brazil and rain above the mean (dry) in northeast Brazil, Minas Gerais, Amazonas and Roraima. Keywords: glacier tropical, paleoclimatic reconstruction, hydrologic cycle.
Estudo da Vulnerabilidade Ambiental em uma Micro Bacia Hidrográfica Empregando Hierarquia Nominal e Operador Local (Study of Environmental Vulnerability in a Micro Basin Employing Hierarchy Nominal and Local Operator)
Authors: Nascimento Normanda Santos , Vieira Eliane Maria , Gonçalves José Augusto Costa , Cunha Giselle Paula Queiroz
Published: April 2020

A microbacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Candidópolis pertence à bacia do rio Piracicaba, é responsável por parte do abastecimento público de Itabira. Esta microbacia sofre com a ocupação irregular do solo, o que pode comprometer o abastecimento de água da cidade em quantidade e qualidade. Sendo assim, esse trabalho propôs realizar o mapeamento da vulnerabilidade ambiental da microbacia do ribeirão Candidópolis. A elaboração do mapa de vulnerabilidade constitui na integração dos mapas de índice de vulnerabilidade por declividade, índice de vulnerabilidade por uso e ocupação, índice de vulnerabilidade por classes de solo e índice de vulnerabilidade por classes geomorfológicas. Para isso, utilizou-se a metodologia proposta por Ross (1994), a qual definiu uma hieraquia nominal de fragilidade, representados por classes: Muito Fraca (1), Fraca (2), Média (3), Forte (4) e Muito Forte (5) de acordo com seu grau de vulnerabilidade. A integração foi realizada empregando o operador local soma. Os resultados demostraram que microbacia Candidopolis apresenta um grau de vulnerabilidade de Média a Forte, totalizando 88,09% de toda a área da bacia, o que demonstra que é uma área bastante vulnerável. Os principais condicionantes deste resultado foram as classes de solos e intensificado pelo uso e ocupação presentes nesta bacia.
Pengaruh Pengendalian Internal dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kualitas Pelaporan Keuangan (Survei pada Perusahaan Tekstil di Kota Bandung dan Sekitarnya
Authors: Rinie Rinie , Pranata Vincent Mak , Rapina Rapina
Published: April 2020

Merupakan sebuah fakta bahwa masih terdapat banyak masalah mengenai kualitas pelaporan keuangan pemerintah yang buruk. Hal ini diindikasikan oleh masalah-masalah yang ada pada manajemen keuangan yang disebabkan oleh lemahnya pengendalian internal dan ketidakpatuhan terhadap hukum dan peraturan yang berlaku. Masalah ini menjadi menarik untuk diteliti karena merupakan hal yang sering terjadi di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menguji pengaruh dari pengendalian internal dan komitmen organisasi terhadap kualitas pelaporan keuangan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah stafaccounting atau finance di perusahaan yang berada di wilayah Bandung dan sekitarnya dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian explanatory. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan non probablity sampling dengan prosedur purposive sampling, sampel dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh staf bagian accounting atau finance di PT X dan PT Gistex Textile Division. Data yang telah didapatkan kemudian diproses dengan menggunakan bantuanperangkat lunakSPSS 20. Penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis regresi linier berganda untuk menguji pengaruh dari pengendalian internal dan komitmen organisasi terhadap kualitas pelaporan keuangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian internal berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas pelaporan keuangan, sementara komitmen organisasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas pelaporan keuangan.

Kata kunci: Pengendalian Internal, Komitmen Organisasi, Kualitas Pelaporan Keuangan.
COVID-19: Isolations, Quarantines and Domestic Violence in Rural Areas
Authors: Lima Caio Augusto de Lima Augusto de , Alves Paula Monikee Rezende , De Oliveira Carla Jaciara Baraúna , De Oliveira Thaísa Rodrigues Nascimento , Barbosa Katricia Beatriz , Marcene Henrique Cardoso , De Oliveira Stefan Vilges
Published: April 2020

It was argued that the coronavirus pandemic is likely to lead to an increase in the occurrence of domestic violence incidents against women, while victims are forced to quarantine at home with potentially abusive family members. In this context, it was found that women living in rural areas are at increased risk. In defining their vulnerability was observed least school years, black race and young age (young women) of raped and abused women. The spouse was also identified as the main aggressor, who practiced physical violence, with recurrence, within the victim's own residence, associated with the abusive use of alcoholic beverages. It has alerted the world to this problem and called attention to the need to promote strategies to protect women. It is known that women and men experience pandemics in different ways and those circumstances, in addition to strengthening situations of women's vulnerability, tend to aggravate family tensions, especially in families with a history of recurrent domestic violence.
Reflexões sobre as modalidades de estudo na educação a distância: benefícios e limitações
Authors: Mussio Simone Cristina
Published: April 2020

RESUMO: Este artigo tenciona refletir sobre os benefícios e limitações entre as modalidades de ensino do e-learning, b-learning e m-learning, assim como propor uma reflexão sobre as práticas pedagógicas realizadas neste meio on-line em comparação com o meio presencial. Busca-se, assim, conceituar cada uma das modalidades descritas, a partir de um estudo exploratório e bibliográfico, mostrando as possíveis vantagens e desvantagens de suas aplicações. Desse modo, verifica-se que é preciso ponderar sempre a qualidade do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, uma vez que cada modalidade sempre vai ter seus prós e contras. Para isso, é importante considerar as especificidades do curso a ser ministrado, ou seja, suas disciplinas, seu conteúdo ou mesmo o público a que ele é destinado. Para que determinada modalidade funcione realmente, mais do que somente o uso das tecnologias, é necessário considerar as necessidades e o engajamento de cada participante.
Determinants and convergence of income diversification in Ghanaian banks
Authors: Duho King Carl Tornam , Onumah Joseph Mensah , Asare Emmanuel Tetteh
Published: April 2020

The study explores the determinants of income diversification, as well as, test for the existence of beta-convergence and sigma-convergence among Ghanaian banks. The study utilizes a dataset of 32 banks covering the periods 2000 to 2017. The panel corrected standard error ordinary least squares, fixed effects and system generalized methods of moments have been used. Both beta-convergence and sigma-convergence exist among Ghanaian banks; suggesting the presence of the catch-up effect and similarity of strategy over time. The risk profile and risk portfolio of banks affect their diversification strategy. Banks that are faced with high insolvency risk and liquidity risk tend to diversify while banks that are faced with low credit risk tend to diversify. Stable banks tend to adopt a diversification strategy even when they are exposed to credit risk. Network embeddedness drives diversification strategy. The implications of the study for practice, policy, and future research have been discussed.
Valores culturales, socioeconómicos, simbólicos e históricos y prospectiva tecnológica de la gardenia en Fortín de las Flores, Veracruz, México
Authors: Rodríguez Deméneghi Marco Vinicio , Aguilar Rivera Noé , Murguía González Joaquín
Published: April 2020

Se busca determinar vínculos culturales, históricos, sociales, religiosos y comerciales de la gardenia con la identidad de la región de Fortín de las Flores, la cual fue introducida como agronegocio en el siglo XIX, mediante un estudio descriptivo con enfoque metodológico cualitativo y de carácter interpretativo utilizando la técnica de estudio de caso, entrevistas y bola de nieve debido a la ausencia de publicaciones y datos confiables del cultivo. Los resultados estiman que diversos factores, primordialmente cambio de uso del suelo hacia plantaciones comerciales, cierre del ferrocarril de pasajeros con escala en Fortín y la creación de la autopista México-Veracruz, incidieron para que el viajero ya no se detuviera en esta región como turista y comprador de gardenias.
Book Publishing: A Buttress of Stalinism in Russia?
Authors: Mikhailov Valentin
Published: April 2020

In today’s Russia, there is a constant clash of opinions when it comes to perceptions of the past, and to what can be learned from Russia’s Soviet experience in general and Stalinist repression in particular. A consensus which seemed just over the horizon between 1998 and 1991 now grows ever more distant. Nearly half of those surveyed in 2017 say that Stalin should not be seen as a state criminal; that the repressions are best discussed less rather than more, and that there is nothing to be gained by dredging up the past. The only way for Russia to pursue a future of democracy and respect for human rights is to leave all of that baggage behind. How has this come to be? What are the roots of these myths of a great and just Stalin that now emerge 65 years after his death? A series of scholars posit that the key lies in Russian society itself, with its tendency towards being ruled with a firm hand and a state that merely takes a neutral position between the liberals and the Stalinists. Others assert that these are successful constructs of the Kremlin, which seeks to inculcate domestic support for authoritarian rule. In order to resolve this disagreement, we studied the book market for Stalin-related literature published within the last twenty years. The study indicates that the market comprises two mostly separate areas: books by Stalin apologists on the one hand, and books by professional historians and recollections by victims of repressions on the other. Quantitative analysis shows that the former receive markedly greater support, which reflects the state’s role over the past fifteen years in forming a positive image of Stalin.
Activation of cannabinoid receptor type 1 impairs spatial and temporal aspects of episodic-like memories in rats
Authors: Chiang Ko-En , Hsiao Yi-Tse
Published: April 2020

The endocannabinoid system modulates many brain functions, including episodic memories, which contain memories of time and places. Most studies have focused on the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in spatial memory; however, its role in temporal memory is not well understood. Few studies have tested whether the unilateral endocannabinoid system is sufficient to modulate memory retrieval. Here, we tested whether type 1 cannabinoid receptors in the right hippocampal cornu ammonis area 1 region are enough to modulate the retrieval of episodic memories, specifically their spatial and temporal components. Because rats have innate preferences for displaced or old familiar objects, we changed the locations of “old familiar” and “recent familiar” objects in an open field and measured the rats’ exploration times to evaluate spatial and temporal memory. To address the influence of the type 1 cannabinoid receptors on the retrieval of episodic-like memories, two doses of arachidonylcyclopropylamide, a selective type 1 cannabinoid receptor agonist, were infused into the cornu ammonis area 1 of rats ten minutes before the discrimination trials. We observed that rats injected with a low dose of arachidonylcyclopropylamide spent less time investigating displaced objects, suggesting spatial memory impairment, whereas those receiving a high dose explored old familiar objects less frequently, suggesting temporal memory impairment. This indicates that unilateral activation of type 1 cannabinoid receptors in the cornu ammonis area 1 impairs the spatial and temporal aspects of episodic memories. This research mimics the influence of marijuana intoxication effects in humans, such as spatial and temporal disintegration.
Epileptic seizure detection: a comparative study between deep and traditional machine learning techniques
Authors: Sahu Rekha , Dash Satya Ranjan , Cacha Lleuvelyn A , Poznanski Roman R , Parida Shantipriya
Published: April 2020

Electroencephalography is the recording of brain electrical activities that can be used to diagnose brain seizure disorders. By identifying brain activity patterns and their correspondence between symptoms and diseases, it is possible to give an accurate diagnosis and appropriate drug therapy to patients. This work aims to categorize electroencephalography signals on different channels’ recordings for classifying and predicting epileptic seizures. The collection of the electroencephalography recordings contained in the dataset attributes 179 information and 11,500 instances. Instances are of five categories, where one is the symptoms of epilepsy seizure. We have used traditional, ensemble methods and deep machine learning techniques highlighting their performance for the epilepsy seizure detection task. One dimensional convolutional neural network, ensemble machine learning techniques like bagging, boosting (AdaBoost, gradient boosting, and XG boosting), and stacking is implemented. Traditional machine learning techniques such as decision tree, random forest, extra tree, ridge classifier, logistic regression, K-Nearest Neighbor, Naive Bayes (gaussian), and Kernel Support Vector Machine (polynomial, gaussian) are used for classifying and predicting epilepsy seizure. Before using ensemble and traditional techniques, we have preprocessed the data set using the Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation to eliminate irrelevant attributes. Further accuracy of classification and prediction of the classifiers are manipulated using k-fold cross-validation methods and represent the Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under the Curve for each classifier. After sorting and comparing algorithms, we have found the convolutional neural network and extra tree bagging classifiers to have better performance than all other ensemble and traditional classifiers.
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention in unprotected left main coronary artery disease: A systematic review
Authors: Macovei Liviu , Magopet Robert , Tanasa Ana , Raileanu Cezara , Prisacariu Cristina , Razvan Presura Mihai , Ovanez Balasanian Mircea
Published: April 2020

Critical lesion of the unprotected left main coronary disease carries a tremendous mortality burden, often associated with a diabetes status or multivessel disease, with coronary artery bypass grafting being the standard treatment for over 40 years. Percutaneous coronary intervention with drug eluting stents should be taken into consideration and could be a better option for patients with low SYNTAX score as validated by the recently published studies. This review summarizes the major randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses concerning the debate regarding percutaneous coronary intervention with drug eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass grafting for unprotected left main coronary disease, along with the latest European and American revascularization guidelines and tries to shed light on this matter. The most results advocate that there is no convincing difference in survival rate for both therapies, especially in patients with isolated left main disease but with fewer major ischemic events for coronary artery bypass grafting when compared with percutaneous coronary intervention in multivessel coronary artery disease, at the rate of a higher stroke incidence. The gaps in evidence are also highlighted, especially the lack of randomized clinical trials with new generation drug eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass grafting or those regarding the best revascularization strategy for an acute coronary syndrome when unprotected left main coronary disease is involved.
Strategic use of Business Model Canvas approach Implementation of English-medium instruction in non-English higher medical education
Authors: Shevchenko Maria A. , Kobyakova Olga S. , Vasilyeva Svetlana L. , Kulikova Kristina V. , Tagina Ekaterina
Published: April 2020

In this paper, my
colleagues and I analyze the process of introducing the English language as a
medium of instruction (EMI) in the Medical University with the use of the
Business Canvas Model approach. This is significant because this research aims
to contribute to a better understanding of challenges related to implementing
EMI and to assist in promoting and implementing English as a medium of
instruction in medical schools. The study aims to identify the main challenges
and barriers to introducing English as a medium of instruction in medical
schools.
Bittorrent over Tor: a bad idea? A scientific controversy revisited.
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: April 2020

Ten years ago ”Bittorrent over Tor isn’t a good idea” was published bythe Tor Project. A technical discussion of Bittorrent over Tor is followedby a more general, philosophical one on privacy’s goals.
Evaluating the Feasibility of the Incredible Years Attentive Parenting Program as a Universal Prevention for Racially Diverse Populations
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Lee Richard M. , Ohm Judy
Published: April 2020

Parenting training (PT) can be implemented as a prevention program to effectively address children’s behavioral and psychosocial problems. In the current feasibility study, we implemented the Incredible Years (IY) Attentive Parenting Program as universal/primary prevention in a community mental health setting with racially diverse families. We evaluated the attendance and treatment outcomes in a one-group pre-post design. A total of 152 parents (88% mothers; 81% non-White) participated in the IY Attentive Parenting Program. Parents who completed the program reported a significant decrease in conduct problems and an increase in prosocial behaviors in their children. Minimal differences among race and gender were found in parents’ attendance, parenting stress, and children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms and prosocial behaviors. However, pre-treatment child externalizing behaviors predicted parents’ attendance. The study provides preliminary support for the feasibility of the recently developed Incredible Years Attentive Parenting Program as a universal prevention program for behavioral and psychosocial problems in children.
Jawaban Middle Test
Authors: Hafizhah Zhahratul
Published: April 2020

Media pembelajaran merupakan segala sesuatu yang dapat difungsikan sebagai perantara untuk menyampaikan pesan dalam pembelajaran. Media mempunyai nilai praktis untuk membangkitkan motivasi belajar, membuat konsep yang abstrak menjadi konkret, dan juga mengatasi keterbatasan-keterbatasan dalam aktivitas instruksional tersebut. Media pembelajaran mengalami perkembangan pesat di era teknologi informasi, tidak terkecuali dalam pembelajaran sejarah.
Del mito a la resignificación del paisaje urbano: La representación literaria de la Atenas Suramericana
Authors: Llano Fabián Andrés
Published: April 2020

El escrito parte de la preocupación por entender los procesos de configuración del Patrimonio Cultural de la ciudad de Bogotá en relación al uso correcto del lenguaje, en una época de gran versatilidad intelectual conocida en América Latina, como “la Atenas suramericana” . Rastrear el cambio de siglo XIX al XX a propósito de uno de los grandes mitos lingüísticos de América Latina, supone un acercamiento detallado a los procesos de construcción de repertorios lingüísticos, legitimación cultural y revalidación de fuentes primarias que logren aclarar este inacabado proceso de modernización cultural en un país como Colombia.