bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occult hepatitis B virus infection in maintenance hemodialysis patients: prevalence and mutations in “a” determinant
Authors: Tang Yun , Liu Xiangqin , Hong Daqing , Lu Xiangheng , He Qiang , Li Guisen , Zou Yang
Published: September 2019

Background：Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) is rare and its diagnosis is often overlooked, but there is still a risk of HBV transmission. To analysis the prevalence of OBI among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients in Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, the molecular biological characteristics of OBI and the mutation of “a” determinant were investigated. Method: A total of 330 patients undergoing hemodialysis at Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital and its satellite dialysis units were tested for HBV markers by ELISA. HBV-DNA was detected by real-time PCR in patients with HBsAg negative/ HBcAb positive to investigate the prevalence of OBI. For plasma samples with persistent HBV DNA positive, the S gene was determined by nested PCR, and the sequence of gene mutation was compared with the standard sequence. Result: Among 330 patients, ages range from 27 to 95 with a mean of 60.66 years old and majority of patients (57.6%) > 60 years old. Serum from 165 of 180 HBsAg negative/HBcAb positive individuals were tested for HBV DNA by real-time PCR. 7 of 165 patients had low level of HBV DNA. Of those, 5 individuals were both HBcAb and HBsAb positive, and 2 individuals were HBcAb positive alone. After 2 years follow-up, 2 individuals with HBcAb positive alone were both tested HBV DNA again, but the other patients were not. Serum from the 2 patients were used nested PCR to confirm the genotype and the mutation of S gene. We found they both were genotype B. Amino acid sequencing confirmed that one had no mutations and the other one had Q128R, T131N, M133S, F134L and D144E mutants in “a” determinant. Conclusion: Chronic HBV infection was 7.3% (24/330) and OBI was 2.1% (7/330) in our hospital hemodialysis center. The genotype of patients with OBI were genotype B. Mutations of Q128R，T131N，M133S，F134L and D144E might be the potential sites associated with OBI.
Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention (DAIR) Has High Success Rate for Acute Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Zhang Chaofan , He Long , Fang Xinyu , Huang Zida , Bai Guochang , Li Wenbo , Zhang Wenming
Published: September 2019

Background: The efficacy of debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) for acute periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) has been debated. The purpose of this study was to report our clinical outcome and experience of managing acute PJI with DAIR. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with acute PJI after hip or knee replacement surgery and managed with DAIR in our prospective joint replacement register from 2008 to 2019 was performed. Patients’ symptom onset duration, inflammatory marker levels, bacteriology, and surgical outcome were tracked and recorded. Results: A total of 24 patients with 7 after hip replacement and 17 after knee replacement were included. Twenty-one were early post-operative infection and 3 were late acute haematogenous infection. During a mean follow-up time of 29.2±15.1 months, twenty-two were successfully treated while 2 failed who required repeated DAIR. The overall success rate of DAIR was 91.7%. For staphylococcal infection, DAIR has 100% success rate. Five patients presented with symptoms between 4 to 8 weeks also achieved 100% success rate. Conclusions: DAIR has a high success rate for acute PJI, and can be performed in selected patients whose symptoms have sustained for over 4 weeks. DAIR has high rate of success for staphylococcal infection. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) test can be used as a potential tool to identify pathogens in acute PJI. Key Words: Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR); acute periprosthetic joint infection, debridement, total knee replacement, total hip replacement
Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Radiologists in Saudi Arabia: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shammari Malak Al , Hassan Ali , Dandan Omran Al , Qadeeb Mohammed Al , Bubshait Dalal
Published: September 2019

Background : Musculoskeletal disorders account for the majority of work-related illnesses resulting in a significant economic burden on society. Computer users are subject to unique repetitive strains, predisposing them to musculoskeletal symptoms. In the digitalized field of radiology, radiologists tend to spend long hours interpreting medical images on computers. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among radiologists in Saudi Arabia and to the factors that contribute to these symptoms. Methods : An online survey was sent to radiologists practicing in hospitals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The survey addressed demographic characteristics, workload, and workstation environments, and included an evaluation of musculoskeletal symptoms using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Results were analyzed descriptively using the Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results : The survey was completed by 198 participants (111 men and 87 women). Most participants were aged below 40 years. The proportions of radiology residents, specialists, and consultants who completed the survey were 40.9%, 27.3%, and 27.3%, respectively. Most participants spent 7-9 hours per day reviewing medical images. In total, 140 (70.7%) participants had experienced musculoskeletal symptoms in the week preceding the survey, whereas 176 (88.9%) participants reported having symptoms in the last 12 months preceding the survey. The normal daily activities of 15.2%, 14.6%, and 14.6% of survey participants were restricted in the last 12 months, due to neck, lower back, and shoulder pain respectively. Significant contributing factors for musculoskeletal symptoms included age, sex, number of hours spent reviewing medical images, and the type of medical images predominantly reviewed. A multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that radiologists who spent most of their time performing ultrasound scanning or reviewing computed tomography images were at higher risk of developing musculoskeletal symptoms. Conclusions : Musculoskeletal symptoms are common among radiologists. The high prevalence rate among our study participants indicates the need for preventive actions, such as increasing awareness of this issue among practicing radiologists, educating practitioners about the adverse effects of prolonged sitting, and providing training to ensure proper ergonomic practices.
Association of Backpack Loads and Wearing Time with Musculoskeletal Disorders in School Children of Wah Cant Pakistan: Correlational study
Authors: Sundas Rabia , Ghous Misbah , Sehar Shadab
Published: September 2019

Background: Young children are carrying heavy bags to and from their schools. The use of backpacks increases recently because of several factors, including decreased availability of school lockers, increased homework, text books & other belongings being carried to school. All these factors amplify backpack weight which have drastic effects on young students’ musculoskeletal system.Methods: This was a correlational study. Data collection was done between Septembers to December 2018. The inclusion criteria were healthy young boys and girls of school children, with no known history of any musculoskeletal disorder or any other deformity or pathology. Survey was done through self-structured questionnaire and Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire. SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis.Results: A total of 1104 students were included in the study, mean age of the students was 11.90 ± 2.2 (range 8-15) years. There were 48.4% males while 51.6% were females. Frequency of fatigue due to heavy backpack was 61.6%.Neck pain was common in 40.2% students, shoulder pain in 47.4% and the frequency of low back pain was 46.6% .According to BMI 33.2% students had normal BMI and 32.6% students were very severely underweight which is an alarming situation. The correlation of bag pack weight with students BMI was weak positive(r=0.25, p<0.05) Conclusion: This study concluded that the frequency of musculoskeletal pain was high due to carrying heavy backpacks. Upper and low back pain were the most common type. Maximum students carry >16% ratio of backpacks load. Wearing time of backpack was more than 10 minutes. Keywords: Backpacks, load, wearing time, School children, Pain, Dysfunction, musculoskeletal
A simple and cost-effective approach for technical validation of next generation methylation sequencing data
Authors: Javadmanesh Ali , Shariatpanahi Afsaneh Mojtabanezhad , Davodly Ehsan Shams , Azghandi Marjan , Yassi Maryam , Heidari Mehdi , Kerachian Matin , Kerachian Mohammad Amin
Published: September 2019

Background DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic process that, in most cases, modulates genetic expression levels. Changes in DNA methylation, either hypo- or hypermethylation, have a key role in many biological processes and several human diseases such as cancer. In the current study, we offered an approach to validate the next generation methylation sequencing data.Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from target and control samples (6 in each group), followed by bisulfite conversion. Next generation methylation sequencing and methylation sensitive high-resolution melting assay were carried out. The primers for methylation sequencing validation were designed by R programming language.Results In the current study, two groups, case and control, were discriminated based on methylation sequencing results and the real time PCR-based results were in accordance with the next generation methylation sequencing.Discussion Methylation sensitive high-resolution melting validation assay is a simple and cost-effective method, which confirmed next generation methylation sequencing results.
The prognostic value of postoperative blood glucose in non-diabetic patients with rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Hong Wanzi , Wang Yu , Wei Xuebiao , Yu Danqing , Zhang Chunxiang , Tan Ning , Jiang Lei
Published: September 2019

Background: Blood glucose (BG) is a risk factor of adverse prognosis in non-diabetic patients in several conditions. However, a limited number of studies were performed to explore the relationship between postoperative BG and adverse outcomes in non-diabetic patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) undergoing valve replacement surgery (VRS).
Methods: We identified 1395 non-diabetic patients who diagnosed with having RHD, and underwent preoperative coronary angiography and at least one valve replacement. BG was measured at admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) after surgery. The association of postoperative BG level with in-hospital and one-year mortality was accordingly analyzed.
Results: Included patients were stratified into four groups according to postoperative BG level’s (mmol/L) quartiles: Q1 (< 9.3 mmol/L, n=348), Q2 (9.3-10.9 mmol/L, n=354), Q3 (10.9-13.2 mmol/L, n=341), and Q4 (≥ 13.2 mmol/L, n=352). The in-hospital death (1.1% vs. 2.3% vs. 1.8% vs. 8.2%, P<0.001) and MACEs (2.0% vs. 3.1% vs. 2.6% vs. 9.7%, P<0.001) were significantly higher in the upper quartiles. Postoperative BG > 13.0 mmol/L was the best threshold for predicting in-hospital death (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.707, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.634-0.780, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that postoperative BG > 13.0 mmol/L was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.418, 95% CI: 1.713–6.821, P<0.001). In addition, Kaplan–Meier curve analysis showed that the risk of one-year death was increased for a postoperative BG > 13.2 (log-rank = 32.762, P<0.001).
Conclusion: Postoperative BG, as a routine test, could be served as a risk-stratified measure for non-diabetic patients with RHD.
Iodine adequacy in reproductive age women living in the Western region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Azzeh Firas , Refaat Bassem Amr
Published: September 2019

Background Despite the significance of iodine deficiency in women of reproductive age due its associated serious maternal and foetal complications, surveys related to this vulnerable population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are lacking. This study, therefore, aimed to measure the frequency alongside the potential socioeconomic factors contributing towards iodine inadequacy in Saudi women of childbearing age from the Western province of KSA.Methods Urinary iodine concentrations IUIC) were measured in random spot samples collected from 1222 pregnant women and 400 age-matched non-pregnant/non-lactating women. The socioeconomic characteristics were obtained through a structured questionnaire. The classification of iodine sufficiency was based on the WHO criteria for UIC in pregnant (150–249 μg/L) and non-pregnant women (100–199 μg/L).Results The UIC median in the non-pregnant women (101.64 μg/L; IQR: 73.72) was at the lowest WHO recommended cut-off. The pregnant women, on the other hand, had a median UIC (112.99 μg/L; IQR: 104.56) markedly below the minimal WHO limit for pregnancy. Coherently, the median IUC was below adequacy across the trimesters and was lowest during the first trimester. Additionally, 49.7% (n = 199) of the non-pregnant and 62.5% (n = 764) of pregnant women were iodine deficient as per the WHO criteria. While pregnancy (OR = 4.3; 95%CI: 3.08–5.96) and using non-iodised salt (OR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.35–2.83) significantly increased the risk of iodine deficiency, the intake of iodine supplements significantly lowered the risk (OR = 0.010; 95%CI: 0.006–0.017). On the other hand, the intake of iodine above requirement was observed in 8.5% and 4.2% of the non-pregnant and pregnant women, respectively. Moreover, BMI was the sole independent factor increasing the odds (OR = 1.061; 95%CI: 1.010–1.114) of taking iodine above requirements.Conclusions This study is the first to show high prevalence of mild iodine deficiency among reproductive age Saudi women, which could represent a serious public health problem. This study also advocates the necessity to establish routine iodine dietary advice services by the health authorities to foster adequate iodine intake in pregnant women to avoid the perilous maternal-foetal health consequences of iodine deficiency.
Germination of Persian Walnut Somatic Embryos and Evaluation of their Genetic Stability by ISSR Fingerprinting and Flow Cytometry
Authors: Sadat-Hosseini Mohammad , Vahdati Kourosh , Leslie Charles A.
Published: September 2019

Somatic embryos (SEs) can play important roles in genetic manipulation and breeding. They can be used as targets for induced mutagenesis, as material for cryopreservation and germplasm conservation, and for transformation or gene editing in support of plant improvement and proof of gene function. However, germination rates of walnut (Juglans regia) SEs are low, and the genetic stability of plantlets regenerated from them has not been explored. Here, we studied first the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and low temperature storage (LTS) on germination of walnut somatic embryos. Second, we assessed the genetic fidelity of plantlets regenerated from these SEs by comparing them to each other and to their cultivar of origin. Results showed that GA3 and LTS increased the walnut SE germination rate. The best rate was observed when SEs were subjected to LTS for 60 d followed by culture on a medium with either 1 or 3 mg·L−1 GA3 (56.6% and 46.6% germination respectively). Genetic stability was evaluated, using flow cytometry and 15 sets of ISSR primers. Flow cytometry indicated that all samples (i.e., regenerated and parental counterpart) showed the same peak. Amplified fragments of inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers ranged in size from ≈200 to 1800 bp. All ISSR profiles of regenerants were monomorphic. Results did not show any genetic differences among plantlets regenerated from SEs or from their parental counterpart. Due to this apparent genetic stability, walnut SEs can be useful for genetic transformation and germplasm conservation.
High Temperatures during Flowering Reduce Fruit Set in Rabbiteye Blueberry
Authors: Yang Qin , Liu Er , Fu Yan , Yuan Fuqiang , Zhang Tingting , Peng Shu
Published: September 2019

After nearly a decade of development, the scale of blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) cultivation has increased, particularly in south China; however, this region is becoming increasingly challenged by temperature changes during the flowering phenophase. Understanding the effects of temperature on pollen germination and pollen tube growth in blueberry is thus important. Using the rabbiteye blueberry (V. ashei) ‘Brightwell’, different temperature treatments were carried out during open pollination and cross-pollination with the pollen from rabbiteye blueberry ‘Gardenblue’ in field, greenhouse, and controlled temperature experiments over two consecutive years. The differences in pollen germination, pollen tube dynamics, and ovule viability following different treatments were analyzed, and the critical temperatures were calculated using quadratic and modified bilinear equations to quantify the developmental responses to temperature. The results showed that the fruit set of the artificially pollinated plants inside the greenhouse was significantly higher than that outside the greenhouse. Furthermore, pollen germination and pollen tube growth gradually accelerated under the appropriate high-temperature range, resulting in reduced pollen tube travel time to the ovule. However, the percentage of the style traversed by the pollen tube did not increase at temperatures greater than 30 °C, and a high-temperature range could accelerate ovule degeneration. Therefore, impairment of pollen tube growth in the upper half of the style following pollen germination and ovule degeneration constituted important factors leading to reduced fruit setting under short periods of high temperature during the flowering phenophase in rabbiteye blueberry. This work advances our understanding of the effect of temperature on pollen germination, pollen tube growth, ovule longevity, and fruit setting in rabbiteye blueberry, and provides a foundation for continued cultivation and breeding enhancement. The findings propose that the tolerance of rabbiteye blueberry to a certain high-temperature range in the flowering phenophase should inform breeding strategies for temperature resistance and that temperature range is also an important indicator of suitable environments for cultivation to mitigate potential temperature stress.
Floral Meristem Development in Cranberry Apical Buds during Winter Rest and Its Implication on Yield Prediction
Authors: Bolivar-Medina Jenny L. , Villouta Camilo , Workmaster Beth Ann , Atucha Amaya
Published: September 2019

The formation and development of floral meristems is key to fruit production. However, limited information regarding the development of floral buds during the dormant period of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) constrains the ability to forecast yield early and accurately. The objectives of this study were to characterize the development of floral meristems from fall to spring and to evaluate the number of floral meristems formed across different bud sizes and upright types, as well as their contribution to the fruit production of the next year. Apical buds of different sizes on vegetative and fruiting uprights were tagged and collected periodically from fall to spring for histological study. An extra set of tagged buds was left in the field to evaluate their flower and fruit production. Five stages of floral development were identified based on the concentric differentiation of organ primordia. Large buds from vegetative uprights developed earlier, had a higher number of floral meristems, and became fruiting uprights; they had the highest number of flowers and fruit. Buds from fruiting uprights had the lowest number of floral meristems and delayed development; subsequently, they had the lowest number of fruit per upright. Our results provide evidence of active floral meristem differentiation during fall and winter, as well as differences in the timing and development stage according to bud size. In addition, our study shows that upright types and bud sizes influence the fruit production of the following year; therefore, they should be considered in cranberry crop forecasting models.
Identification and Mapping of Eastern Filbert Blight Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci in European Hazelnut Using Double Digestion Restriction Site Associated DNA Sequencing
Authors: Honig Josh A. , Muehlbauer Megan F. , Capik John M. , Kubik Christine , Vaiciunas Jennifer N. , Mehlenbacher Shawn A. , Molnar Thomas J.
Published: September 2019

European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is an economically important edible nut producing species, which ranked sixth in world tree nut production in 2016. European hazelnut production in the United States is primarily limited to the Willamette Valley of Oregon, and currently nonexistent in the eastern United States because of the presence of a devastating endemic disease, eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused by Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Muller. The primary commercial means of control of EFB to date is through the development and planting of genetically resistant european hazelnut cultivars, with an R-gene introduced from the obsolete, late-shedding pollinizer ‘Gasaway’. Although the ‘Gasaway’ resistance source provides protection against EFB in the Pacific northwestern United States (PNW), recent reports have shown that it is not effective in parts of the eastern United States. This may be in part because the identification and selection of ‘Gasaway’ and ‘Gasaway’-derived cultivars occurred in an environment (PNW) with limited genetic diversity of A. anomala. The objectives of the current research were to develop a genetic linkage map using double digestion restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) markers associated with EFB resistance from the resistant selection Rutgers H3R07P25 from southern Russia. A mapping population composed of 119 seedling trees was evaluated in a geographic location (New Jersey) where the EFB fungus is endemic, exhibits high disease pressure, and has a high level of genetic diversity. The completed genetic linkage map included a total of 2217 markers and spanned a total genetic distance of 1383.4 cM, with an average marker spacing of 0.65 cM. A single QTL region associated with EFB resistance from H3R07P25 was located on european hazelnut linkage group (LG) 2 and was responsible for 72.8% of the phenotypic variation observed in the study. Based on its LG placement, origin, and disease response in the field, this resistance source is different from the ‘Gasaway’ source located on LG6. The current results, in combination with results from previous research, indicate that the H3R07P25 source is likely exhibiting resistance to a broader range of naturally occurring A. anomala isolates. As such, H3R07P25 will be important for the development of new european hazelnut germplasm that combines EFB resistance from multiple sources in a gene pyramiding approach. Identification of EFB resistance in high disease pressure environments representing a diversity of A. anomala populations is likely a requirement for identifying plants expressing durable EFB resistance, which is a precursor to the development of a commercially viable european hazelnut industry in the eastern United States.
The Genotypes of Polymorphic Simple Sequence Repeat Loci Revealed by Whole-genome Resequencing Data of 30 Pyrus Accessions
Authors: Jiang Shuang , An Haishan , Wang Xiaoqing , Shi Chunhui , Luo Jun , Teng Yuanwen
Published: September 2019

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are widely used in cultivar identification, genetic relationship analysis, and quantitative trait locus mapping. Currently, the selection of hybrid progeny plants in molecular marker-assisted breeding mostly relies on SSR markers because of their ease of operation. In Pyrus, a large number of SSR markers have been developed previously. The method to identify polymorphic SSRs quickly is still lacking in cultivated as well as wild pear species. We present a large number of polymorphic SSRs identified using a quick in silico approach applied across 30 cultivated and wild accessions from Pyrus species. A total of 49,147 SSR loci were identified in Pyrus, and their genotypes were evaluated by whole-genome resequencing data of 30 Pyrus accessions. The results show that most SSR loci were dinucleotide repeat motifs located in intergenic regions. The genotypes of all SSR loci were revealed in all accessions. A total of 23,209 loci were detected, with more than one genotype in all Pyrus accessions. We selected 702 highly polymorphic SSR loci to characterize the pear accessions with an average polymorphism information content value of 0.67, suggesting that these SSR loci were highly polymorphic. The genetic relationship of Pyrus species in the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree and population structure showed a clear division between the oriental and occidental accessions. The population structure split all oriental pears into two groups: cultivars and wild accessions. These new findings of the polymorphic SSR loci in this study are valuable for selecting appropriate markers in molecular marker-assisted breeding in Pyrus.
DNA Barcoding of the Solanaceae Family in Puerto Rico Including Endangered and Endemic Species
Authors: Rosario Lumariz Hernandez , Rodríguez Padilla Juan O. , Martínez Desiree Ramos , Grajales Alejandra Morales , Mercado Reyes Joel A. , Veintidós Feliu Gabriel J. , Van Ee Benjamin , Siritunga Dimuth
Published: September 2019

The Solanaceae family is one of the largest and well-distributed plant families in the world. It contains species of agricultural and economical importance, such as Solanum tuberosum, Solanum melongena, Solanum lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum, and Capsicum annuum. In Puerto Rico, there are ≈46 species of Solanaceae of which six are endemic: Brunfelsia densifolia, Brunfelsia lactea, Brunfelsia portoricensis, Goetzea elegans, Solanum ensifolium, and Solanum woodburyi. Our objective was to use DNA barcoding to identify the Solanaceae species in Puerto Rico, including the endemics, and to assess the species relationships between them. To accomplish our objective, two chloroplast regions (psbA-trnH and matK) and a nuclear region [internal transcribed spacer (ITS)] were assessed. Pairwise distance and phylogenetic analysis demonstrate that DNA barcoding can be used to discriminate at the species level among these taxa in Puerto Rico. For all three markers, the genus that showed the highest pairwise distance between represented species was Solanum, whereas the genus that displayed the least was Capsicum. Phylogenetic trees of single and concatenated regions were generated from sequences obtained in this study and from data downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Our results show that this technique can be used to identify species with one, two, or three combinations of DNA barcode markers depending on the taxon. In addition, this is the first study to include the endemic species S. woodburyi in a molecular phylogenetic analysis, and it was found to have a close relationship with S. ensifolium, also endemic to Puerto Rico, and to Solanum bahamense from the Bahamas and Greater Antilles. Therefore, we suggest that S. woodburyi might be part of the Bahamense clade.
Morfologia polínica de espécies de floresta ombrófila densa e restinga
Authors: Schroeder Gabriel da Rosa , Vieira Junior Nilton Paulo , De Souza Caroline Aparecida , Pfundner Pamela , Dec Enderlei , Da Silva Mouga Denise Monique Dubet
Published: September 2019

A fim de contribuir com a caracterização polínica do estado de Santa Catarina, foram verificadas, em área de floresta ombrófila densa e restinga, as espécies: Coccocypselum lanceolatum, Erythroxylum ambiguum, Heliconia farinosa, Ilex pseudobuxus, Lantana undulata, Mollinedia schottiana, Myrcia brasiliensis, Piper corcovadensis e Rudgea coriacea. Os grãos de pólen foram acetolisados, fotografados e observados em microscópio de luz e em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Descreveram-se as aberturas, o âmbito, a forma, a simetria, a unidade polínica, a ornamentação e a polaridade, e calcularam-se os valores médios da espessura da exina, diâmetro polar e diâmetro equatorial. Todas as espécies são mônades. As espécies I. pseudobuxus, E. ambiguum, M. brasiliensis, C. lanceolatum, R. coriacea e L. undulata têm grãos tricolpados, com simetria radial, isopolares (exceto R. coriacea, apolar), de tamanho médio (exceto M. brasiliensis, pequeno, C. lanceolatum e R. coriacea, grande). As espécies M. schottiana, P. corcovadensis e H. farinosa têm grãos 1-aperturados, com simetria bilateral, heteropolares, de tamanho médio (pequeno em P. corcovadensis, grande em H. farinosa). A exina das espécies mostrou-se clavada, reticulada, escabrada, pilada e espiculada. Os dados acrescem ao conhecimento palinológico.
Variabilidad genética neutral y presencia de mecanismos de resistencia en Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), provenientes de diferentes hospedantes en Chile central
Authors: Rubiano-Rodríguez José Antonio , Fuentes-Contreras Eduardo , Ramirez Claudio
Published: September 2019

Myzus persicae es considerado la tercera plaga de importancia económica de varios cultivos en Chile. Su variabilidad genética es influenciada por la disponibilidad del hospedante primario. Este insecto ha adquirido resistencia a la mayoría de los insecticidas utilizados para su control. El presente trabajotuvo como objetivo evaluar la diversidad genética y la presencia de mecanismos de resistencia de M. persicae en cultivos como duraznero y pimentón. El estudio se realizó en doce localidades: seis en la región de O'Higgins y seis en la región del Maule en Chile central. Para evaluar la diversidad genética neutral, se utilizaron siete marcadores microsatélites, y la identificación de mecanismos se realizó mediante ensayos de discriminación alélica. La mayor diversidadgenética se presentó en poblaciones del duraznero > 0,80 en promedio. En pimentón y arvenses, esta diversidad fue 0,36 en promedio. La frecuencia de individuos con mecanismos de resistencia fue baja y en forma predominantemente heterocigota en los hospedantes evaluados, lo que sugiere que la forma de reproducción sexual del áfido influye en los niveles de resistencia a insecticida. La presencia de mecanismos de resistencia en M. persicae dependedel hospedante, región geográfica y momento de muestreo en el que son evaluados. Existe suficiente evidencia de que las poblaciones de M. persicae están compuestas por muy pocos grupos genéticos, presentando diferentes dinámicas de resistencia a insecticidas en la misma temporada agrícola.
Textura, color y aceptación sensorial de tortillas y pan producidos con harina de ramón (Brosimum alicastrum) para incrementar la fibra dietética total
Authors: Domínguez-Zarate Pedro Antonio , García-Martínez Ignacio , Güemes-Vera Norma , Totosaus Alfonso
Published: September 2019

Dentro de los cultivos ancestrales subutilizados que tienen un potencial agroindustrial está el ramón (Brosimum alicastrum), ya que su semilla es fuentede proteína, almidón y fibra. En este trabajo se investigó el efecto de incorporar harina de semilla de ramón en diferentes proporciones, evaluando su efecto sobre la textura, el color, la aceptación y el contenido de fibra dietética total de tortillas y de pan de caja. Las masas de harina de maíz aumentaron su adhesividad al incorporar harina de semilla de ramón (de 3,97 a 4,96 N), además de resultar menos duras, pero más cohesivas. Las tortillas fueron a suvez más dúctiles al ser más deformables (de 3,73 a 4,84 N). Las menores diferencias de color con respecto al control fueron observadas al incorporar 10 % de harina de semilla de ramón (δE = 7,77 y 22,95 para tortilla y pan de caja, respectivamente). El contenido de fibra dietética total aumentó en un 26 % en tortillas y 54 % en pan de caja al utilizar 10 % de harina de semilla de ramón. En contraste, para el pan de caja sí hubo diferencias detectables por los consumidores, sobre todo en el color desarrollado. Los resultados indican que se puede utilizar un 10 % de harina de ramón en tortillas o panes sin afectar las propiedades de textura; además, a pesar de los cambios en la coloración, no son considerados importantes por los consumidores, y su uso incrementa el contenido de fibra dietética total.
Efecto de la fertilización nitroazufrada sobre el rendimiento y calidad de tres genotipos de maíz con diferentes texturas de endospermo
Authors: Barrios-Sánchez Marta Gertrudis , Rodríguez-Yzquierdo Gustavo Adolfo , Alvarez-Escobar María Gabriela
Published: September 2019

Para conocer el efecto de la fertilización nitroazufrada sobre rendimiento y calidad de maíz, se realizó un experimento en el Asentamiento Campesino Arenales, estado Aragua, Venezuela (10°06'17'' N y 67°35'44'' O). El diseño utilizado fue parcelas divididas con cuatro repeticiones; en las parcelas principales se consideraron tres híbridos de diferentes texturas de endospermo: DK-5632 (córneo), DK-440 (semicórneo) y DK-5277 (semidentado), y en las secundarias, tres niveles de N (0, 100 y 200 kg/ha) y dos niveles de S (0 y 50 kg/ha). Las variables medidas fueron rendimiento (REND), peso de mil granos (P1000G), granos por metro cuadrado (G/m2), peso hectolítrico (PH), índice de flotación (IF), dureza (D) y proteína cruda (PC). Los genotipos aumentaron significativamenteREND, P1000G y G/m2 con el nivel de fertilización N200S50. DK-5277 alcanzó valores mayores de REND mientras que DK-5632 y DK-440 obtuvieron valores más altos de PH y menores de IF, con diferencias significativas (p ≤ 0,05). El nivel de fertilización N200S50 disminuyó significativamente el IF en todos los genotipos. La fertilización nitroazufrada aumentó más de 100 % la D del DK-5277. El IF se asoció de manera negativa y altamente significativa con el PH, mientras que P1000G y REND presentaron correlación positiva y altamente significativa. La PC se asoció positiva y significativamente con el REND, y de forma positiva y altamente significativa con P1000G y PH.
Активація внутрішньоклітинних ферментних систем під впливом патогенетичних факторів канцерогенезу у хворих на цукровий діабет 2-го типу
Authors: Vatseba T.S.
Published: September 2019

Актуальність. У пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом (ЦД) доведено підвищений ризик онкологічних захворювань. Основними чинниками онкогенезу при ЦД визнано ожиріння, цитокіновий дисбаланс, гіпер­інсулінемію, гіперглікемію. Вказані розлади зумовлюють дисфункцію внутрішньоклітинних регуляторних сигнальних шляхів, основним з яких є шлях PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Мета. Дослідження ролі фосфорильованої Akt­протеїнкінази (фосфо­Akt) у процесах онкогенезу у пацієнтів із ЦД 2­го типу. Матеріали та методи. Обстежені 75 осіб. Хворі розподілені на групи: І — здорові, ІІ — пацієнти з ЦД 2­го типу, ІІІ — хворі на рак, IV — хворі на рак, що виник на тлі ЦД 2­го типу. Були залучені пацієнти з раком молочної залози (МЗ), ендометрія (РЕ), підшлункової залози та кишечника. Визначали рівень інсуліну, інсуліноподібного фактора росту 1 (IGF­1) та фосфо­Akt. Результати. Пацієнти ІІ і ІV груп мали декомпенсований ЦД із рівнем HbA1с > 8,0 %. Вірогідну гіперінсулінемію виявлено у хворих на ЦД ІІ та IV груп (p < 0,05), а підвищений рівень IGF­1 — в усіх групах дослідження (p < 0,05). Показники фосфо­Akt у пацієнтів ІІІ групи були підвищеними (p < 0,05), а в ІV групі — зниженими (p < 0,05). У ІІІ групі виявлено гіперінсулінемію у хворих на РЕ, МЗ і кишечника (p < 0,05) та підвищення рівня IGF­1 незалежно від локалізації (p < 0,05). У ІV групі підвищені рівні інсуліну та IGF­1 виявлені у хворих на рак МЗ та РЕ (p < 0,05). У жінок ІІІ групи, хворих на рак МЗ та РЕ, рівень IGF­1 був вищим від показників ІV групи (p < 0,05). У пацієнтів IV групи, які отримували монотерапію метформіном, рівень фосфо­Akt був вірогідно нижчим (p < 0,05). Виявлено прямий кореляційний зв’язок між фосфо­Akt та IGF­1 у пацієнтів ІІ групи (r = 0,50, p < 0,05) і між фосфо­Akt та інсуліном у ІІІ групі (r = 0,45, p < 0,05). Висновки. ГІ та IGF­1 є спільними патогенетичними факторами ЦД 2­го типу та онкологічних захворювань. Підвищений рівень фосфо­Akt може бути лабораторною ознакою онкоризику в здорових осіб. Поєднання ЦД 2­го типу та онкологічних захворювань зумовлює зниження рівня фосфо­Akt через конкурентну взаємодію внутрішньоклітинних сигнальних шляхів. Терапія метформіном сприяє зниженню рівня фосфо­Akt та може розглядатись як один із засобів протиракової профілактики.
Inter-Provincial Spatial Linkages of Crime Pattern in Indonesia: Looking at Education and Economic Inequality Effects on Crime
Authors: Trisnawati Dian , Khoirunurrofik Khoirunurrofik
Published: September 2019

Crime is one of social issues and it becomes spatial phenomenon as the inclination of crime rate in a particular region affecting its neighboring regions. This paper aims to explore the inter-provincial spatial linkages of crime rate in Indonesia and examine the effects of lack of education and economic inequality on criminal occurrences.  Panel data of 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2007-2013 periods are explored and discover the existence of spatial linkages of crime rate among provinces. The spatial autocorrelation (SAC) model shows that the economic gap amid the society become the trigger for crime occurrence. Criminal actions are expected to increase as the Gini index is high since the inequality can make social jealousy is inevitable and triggering criminal actions. Furthermore, lack of education is also proven significantly in affecting crime rate, imply that education level may affect individual’s decision to commit criminal actions.
Change Detection in Landuse/ Landcover of Abeokuta Metropolitan Area, Nigeria Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Remote Sensing
Authors: Hezekiah Adebayo Oluwasegun , O Otun. W. , Samuel Daniel, I.
Published: September 2019

This research paper examined the changes in land use/ land cover of Abeokuta, Nigeria between 1984 and 2015 using Multi-Temporal Landsat Remote Sensing paired with Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The evaluation of the trend, rate and magnitude changes was the objectives of this study.  Five Landsat satellite images of different dates,  i.e., Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) of 1984, 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2015 with spatial resolution ranging from 15, 30 and 60metres were obtained from National Aeronautics Space Administration(NASA),United State Geological Survey Website and  GIS facility of Sioux Falls Website  and quantify the changes  over a period of thirty-one (31) years. Supervised classification methodology was applied to the acquired multi-band raster imageries using maximum livelihood technique in ERDAS Imagine 9.3. The images of the study area were classified into three (3) classes namely; vegetation, water body and built-up area and were overlay with vector maps of the study area generated in ArcGIS 10. The results show that for the period of 31years (1984-2015), vegetation which covered 76.20% of the total area has decreased to 39.29%, water body decreases from 6.63% to 1.89% while the built –up area which initially was 17.14% as at 1984 increased to 58.82%. The study, however, recommended that there is a need for a timely Land use/ Land cover mapping of the entire Abeokuta and its environs in order to reduce the effects of undiscrimate land utilization in the area. This will also facilitate necessary Land use planning and forestall the rising sprawl not only in Abeokuta but also in other urban centres.
Editorial
Authors: Hall-Lew Lauren
Published: September 2019

Welcome to the first issue of the fifth volume of Lifespans & Styles , which features two papers that continue the journal’s mission of  showcasing excellence in undergraduate research in sociolinguistics.
Artralgia inducida por levofloxacina: Reporte de un caso
Authors: Montoya-Giraldo María Alejandra , Bedoya Rayner G. , Pulgarin Alejandro , Serrano Camilo A. , Zuluaga Andres F.
Published: September 2019

Mujer quien inició tratamiento de rescate de segunda línea para Helicobacter pylori con levofloxacina un gramo cada 12 horas, amoxicilina 500 mg cada 8 horas y lansoprazol 40 mg cada 24 horas. Al quinto día de tratamiento manifestó mialgias generalizadas seguido por artralgias y limitación del movimiento en rodillas y codos. Al séptimo día, sin mejora, la paciente suspende la medicación y presenta resolución completa de los síntomas una semana despúes. No hubo secuelas, ni complicaciones, ni re-exposición al medicamento. El caso fue clasificado como probable, con un puntaje de siete en la escala de Naranjo. Este caso nos recuerda que la administración de fluoroquinolonas puede asociarse con artralgias y artropatía reversible aguda, y debería ser la primera sospecha diagnóstica en pacientes sin comorbilidad.
Yersinia ruckeri Suşlarında Çevreyi Algılama Sistemi ve Yönetimindeki Virülens Faktörlerinin Araştırılması
Authors: Filik Nurdan , Kubilay Ayşegül
Published: September 2019

Çevreyi algılama sistemi
(QS) yönetimindeki AHL molekülleriyle klinik Yersinia ruckeri suşları aynı anda etki göstererek virülens faktörleriyle
balıklarda enfeksiyonlara sebep olmaktadır. Araştırmada gram negatif bakteriyel balık patojeni
olan Y. ruckeri (12 suş) izolatları
kullanılmıştır. Acyl yan zincirinde 4-8
karbona sahip N-butanoyl-L-homoserin lakton (BHL)
ve Acyl yan zincirinde 6-12 karbona sahip
N-(3-okzododekanoyl)-L-homoserin lakton (OdDHL) sinyal moleküllerinin
üretimi, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 ve Agrobacterium tumafeciens
NT1 mikrobiyolojik monitör sistemleriyle (biyosensör suşlarıyla) test edilmiştir. Pozitif kontrol olarak Pseudomonas
aeruginosa PAO1 suşu kullanılmıştır. Sonuçta Y. ruckeri suşlarının, C. violaceum CV026 suşu kullanılarak
yapılan testlerde BHL sinyal molekülünü,
A. tumafeciens NT1 kullanılarak yapılan testlerde de OdDHL sinyal molekülünü ürettiği tespit edilmiştir.

     Üretmiş oldukları bu sinyal molekülleri
aracılığıyla birbirleriyle iletişim kurmakta ve
istedikleri çoğunluğa ulaştıkları anda balık için kritik gen ekspresyonlarını tetikleyerek virülens faktörlerini
üretmektedirler. Y. ruckeri suşlarının
azda olsa elastazı ürettiği tespit edilirken, ramnolipid, proteaz, amilaz ve hemoliz
aktiviteleri gibi virülens faktörlerini üretmediği tespit edilmiştir.
A insustentável distribuição da terra no semiárido brasileiro
Authors: Reis José Newton Pires
Published: September 2019

O problema que se coloca neste estudo é: a má distribuição da propriedade da terra continua sendoum obstáculo relevante para o desenvolvimento rural no semiárido brasileiro? O trabalho compara a definição derural utilizada pelo IBGE com bibliografias recentes e aplica para o caso regional. Em seguida, estuda de formaagregada o comportamento da área média dos estabelecimentos agropecuários e o Índice de Gini, que mede adesigualdade da distribuição. Ao evidenciar a importância demográfica do meio rural no Nordeste do Brasil, osresultados abrem um debate sobre a estratégia de concentração da reforma agrária, que poderia ter no semiáridouma fronteira privilegiada. Os dados mostram que existe um remanescente de 23 milhões de pessoas vivendo nosemiárido nordestino, das quais, dependendo do conceito aplicado, de 8,6 a 12,8 milhões se concentram na zonarural. Isso representa aproximadamente 30% de toda a população rural brasileira. Considerando apenas o grupomais privilegiado de proprietários, a área média no semiárido estava 8,6 hectares abaixo do módulo fiscal médio.Os resultados encontrados indicam a importância de um plano de reforma agrária concentrado no Nordeste quepoderia favorecer os indicadores sociais de todo o país.
Investigations of quartz raw materials from the locality of Rekovac muncipality
Authors: Mihajlovic Slavica , Sekulic Zivko , Stojanovic Jovica , Kasic Vladan , Sokic Iroslav , Blagojev Marina
Published: September 2019

Quality of raw materials, including quartz sand and quartzite, varies from
one deposit to another. Furthermore, the material quality determines in
which industrial branches it can be used after certain preparation
processes. Potential applications of quartz raw materials are: in the
construction and refractory industry, ceramics and glass industry, then in
metallurgy, foundry and also in production of water treatment filters.
Geological investigations of the central Serbia region, in the Rekovac
municipality, resulted in identification of occurrence of quartz sand
("Ursula") and quartzite ("Velika Krusevica"). Preliminary laboratory tests
and characterization of the quartz sand size fraction -0.63+0.1 mm confirmed
the possibility of applying this size fraction in the construction materials
industry, while the quartzite can be used in refractory, glass and
metallurgy industries. After determining the geological reserve of quartz
sand "Ursula" and quartzite "Velika Krusevica", detailed investigations are
required. Quality conditions from the aspect of chemical composition and
physical properties of quartz sand and quartzite are mostly clearly defined
by a special standard for this purpose. On the other hand, there are also
application areas where standards does not exist, but users define their
quality conditions. This example is with the application of quartz sand in
the production of water glass. Chemical composition as well is not always
the determining factor for the application of quartz raw material. For
example, for quartz sand used for sandblasting, grain form is essential.
From the economic analysis point of view, the prices of quartz raw materials
vary depending on their chemical and physical properties. After all, what
needs to be pointed out is the fact that these raw materials are very
widespread in nature and that their exploitation is quite simple. After the
raw material is excavated, it is stored and further sieved, washed, dried
and processed according to customer requirements. All of these processes are
cheaper than preparing, for example, limestone, and significaly cheaper than
preparation of metal ores.
High efficiency disperse dryer - an innovative process for drying of solutions, suspensions and pastes in a fluidized bed of inert particles
Authors: Djuris Mihal , Kaludjerovic-Radoicic Tatjana , Jacimovski Darko , Arsenijevic Zorana
Published: September 2019

In this paper, an innovative fluidized bed dryer with inert particles is
presented. The system can be used for drying of solutions, suspensions and
pastes in order to obtain a powdered product. The experiments were performed
in a pilot-scale dryer with a cylindrical column 0.215 m in diameter and 1.2
mm height, with glass spheres as inert particles. The material used for
drying was CuSO4 solution. The effects of operating conditions on the dryer
throughput and product quality were investigated. Main performance criteria,
i.e. specific water evaporation rate, specific heat consumption and specific
air consumption, were quantified. Nearly isothermal conditions were found
due to thorough mixing of the particles. The energy efficiency of the dryer
was also assessed. Simple heat and mass balances predicted the dryer
performance quite well.
Two-scale mathematics and fractional calculus for thermodynamics
Authors: He Ji-Huan , Ji Fei-Yu
Published: September 2019

A three dimensional problem can be approximated by either a two-dimensional
or one-dimensional case, but some information will be lost. To reveal the
lost information due to the lower dimensional approach, two-scale
mathematics is needed. Generally one scale is established by usage where
traditional calculus works, and the other scale is for revealing the lost
information where the continuum assumption might be forbidden, and
fractional calculus or fractal calculus has to be used. The two-scale
transform can approximately convert the fractional calculus into its
traditional partner, making the two-scale thermodynamics much promising.
Application of the homotopy perturbation method for solving fractional Lane-Emden type equation
Authors: Wei Chun-Fu
Published: September 2019

A new algorithm is proposed in this paper, which is based on the homotopy
perturbation method incorporating the Adomian decomposition method, to
solve the non-linear and singular Lane-Emden type equations. Results of the
numerical examples illustrate that the algorithm is remarkably effective.