bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LAN network architecture design at Nurul Jalal Islamic Boarding School, North Jakarta
Authors: Sitanggang Andri Sahata , Syafariani R. Fenny , Hasti Novrini , Sari Febilita Wulan , Pasya Dhara
Published: January 2024

A computer network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to communicate with each other by exchanging data. At Nurul Jalal Islamic Boarding School, they have taken advantage of advances in computer network technology, but have not been fully connected properly. Therefore, in this research, a local area network (LAN) network architecture that is connected to speedy internet will be built and developed. The design of this network architecture includes designing a connection to the internet speedy network and designing a computer lab architecture that is connected to the network at the Nurul Jalal Islamic Boarding School. This study aims to design the existing technology with the system and add technologies and systems that do not yet exist so that they can be integrated into a computer network connected to the speedy internet network. It is hoped that this research will help teachers and students of Nurul Jalal Islamic Boarding School in exploring information so that it can help effective and efficient learning.
Mamdani fuzzy-based water quality monitoring and control system in vannamei shrimp farming using the internet of things
Authors: Qomaruddin Muhammad , Riansyah Andi , Hermawan Hildan Mulyo
Published: January 2024

Indonesia's vast ocean expanse, spanning two-thirds of its land, is a treasure trove of marine resources, with shrimp being a vital commodity in the country's fisheries exports. To ensure successful shrimp production, maintaining optimal water conditions is paramount, necessitating extensive, large-scale monitoring. Enter our innovative prototype an internet of things (IoT) system designed for comprehensive pond water quality oversight. This smart system monitors crucial parameters like pH, turbidity, temperature, and dissolved solids in vannamei shrimp cultivation. The Mamdani fuzzy approach dynamically adjusts operations in response to changing weather conditions, fine-tuning both pump and windmill speeds. This adaptive methodology significantly improves water quality control, enhancing overall efficiency. Our IoT infrastructure ensures real-time monitoring and control, creating an ideal environment for shrimp cultivation. The Mamdani fuzzy technique’s effectiveness shines in adapting to dynamic environmental shifts. Noteworthy findings underscore the system's ability to automate and elevate pond water quality, promising increased shrimp production. This technology has the potential to revolutionize traditional shrimp farming, particularly in regions like Rembang, by promoting sustainable aquaculture practices.
Dispute resolution mechanism by dispute resolution board according to FIDIC contract model and experience for Vietnam
Authors: Lam Le Doan , Tho Le Pham Anh
Published: January 2024

The article “Dispute resolution mechanism by the Dispute Board according to the FIDIC contract form and experience for Vietnam” researches the theoretical issues related to the FIDIC Contract and the Dispute Settlement Board of the FIDIC. In addition, the article also focuses on researching and analyzing the practice of applying dispute settlement mechanisms by Dispute Settlement Boards in various nations throughout the world. The article's usefulness stems from the knowledge gained while researching this dispute resolution mechanism in countries throughout the world, as well as the present situation of Vietnamese law, which provides solutions and recommendations based on Vietnamese law.
Prognostic Value and Relative Cutoffs of Triglycerides Predicting Cardiovascular Outcome in a Large Regional‐Based Italian Database
Authors: Tikhonoff Valérie , Casiglia Edoardo , Virdis Agostino , Grassi Guido , Angeli Fabio , Arca Marcello , Barbagallo Carlo M. , Bombelli Michele , Cappelli Federica , Cianci Rosario , Cicero Arrigo F. G. , Cirillo Massimo , Cirillo Pietro , Dell'oro Raffaella , D'elia Lanfranco , Desideri Giovambattista , Ferri Claudio , Galletti Ferruccio , Gesualdo Loreto , Giannattasio Cristina , Iaccarino Guido , Mallamaci Francesca , Maloberti Alessandro , Masi Stefano , Masulli Maria , Mazza Alberto , Mengozzi Alessandro , Muiesan Maria Lorenza , Nazzaro Pietro , Palatini Paolo , Parati Gianfranco , Pontremoli Roberto , Quarti‐Trevano Fosca , Rattazzi Marcello , Reboldi Gianpaolo , Rivasi Giulia , Russo Elisa , Salvetti Massimo , Temporelli Pier Luigi , Tocci Giuliano , Ungar Andrea , Verdecchia Paolo , Viazzi Francesca , Volpe Massimo , Borghi Claudio
Published: January 2024

Background

Despite longstanding epidemiologic data on the association between increased serum triglycerides and cardiovascular events, the exact level at which risk begins to rise is unclear. The Working Group on Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Risk of the Italian Society of Hypertension has conceived a protocol aimed at searching for the prognostic cutoff value of triglycerides in predicting cardiovascular events in a large regional‐based Italian cohort.

Methods and Results

Among 14 189 subjects aged 18 to 95 years followed‐up for 11.2 (5.3–13.2) years, the prognostic cutoff value of triglycerides, able to discriminate combined cardiovascular events, was identified by means of receiver operating characteristic curve. The conventional (150 mg/dL) and the prognostic cutoff values of triglycerides were used as independent predictors in separate multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, total and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum uric acid, arterial hypertension, diabetes, chronic renal disease, smoking habit, and use of antihypertensive and lipid‐lowering drugs. During 139 375 person‐years of follow‐up, 1601 participants experienced cardiovascular events. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that 89 mg/dL (95% CI, 75.8–103.3, sensitivity 76.6, specificity 34.1,
P
<0.0001) was the prognostic cutoff value for cardiovascular events. Both cutoff values of triglycerides, the conventional and the newly identified, were accepted as multivariate predictors in separate Cox analyses, the hazard ratios being 1.211 (95% CI, 1.063–1.378,
P
=0.004) and 1.150 (95% CI, 1.021–1.295,
P
=0.02), respectively.

Conclusions

Lower (89 mg/dL) than conventional (150 mg/dL) prognostic cutoff value of triglycerides for cardiovascular events does exist and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in an Italian cohort.
Comparison of Effectiveness Among Different Sodium‐Glucose Cotransoporter‐2 Inhibitors According to Underlying Conditions: A Network Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kani Ryoma , Watanabe Atsuyuki , Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Ejiri Kentaro , Iwagami Masao , Takagi Hisato , Slipczuk Leandro , Tsugawa Yusuke , Aikawa Tadao , Kuno Toshiki
Published: January 2024

Background

To investigate the individual profile of each SGLT2 (sodium‐glucose cotransoporter‐2) inhibitor in patients with different backgrounds.

Methods and Results

This study included 21 placebo‐controlled randomized controlled trials with a total of 96 196 participants, investigating empagliflozin, ertugliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and sotagliflozin. The primary efficacy end point was the composite of cardiovascular death and hospitalizations for heart failure. The secondary efficacy end points were all‐cause death, cardiovascular death, hospitalizations for heart failure, kidney disease progression, and acute kidney injury. We conducted subgroup analyses based on the underlying comorbidities, including diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Safety end points were also assessed among SGLT2 inhibitors in the overall cohort. In the overall cohort, there were no significant differences in the primary efficacy outcome among the SGLT2 inhibitors, while empagliflozin (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70 [95% CI, 0.53–0.92]) and dapagliflozin (HR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.56–0.96]) were associated with lower risk of acute kidney injury than sotagliflozin. The presence or absence of diabetes did not alter the results. In patients with chronic kidney disease, there were no differences in the efficacy outcomes among SGLT2 inhibitors, while in patients without chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin was associated with lower risk of the primary outcome compared with ertugliflozin (HR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.60–0.98]). For safety outcomes, no significant differences were observed in amputation, urinary tract infection, genital infection, hypoglycemia, and diabetic ketoacidosis.

Conclusions

The differences in reducing cardiovascular and kidney outcomes as well as safety profiles across SGLT2 inhibitors were not consistently significant, although empagliflozin might be preferred in patients without chronic kidney disease. Further investigations are needed to better understand the mechanism and clinical effectiveness of each SGLT2 inhibitor in certain populations.
The Aqedah (Gen 22:1–19) and Euripides’s Iphigenia in Aulis
Authors: Kozlowski Jan M. , Poloczek Sławomir
Published: January 2024

Scholars have long recognized the narrative similarities between the story of the Aqedah (Gen 22:1–19) and Euripides’s Iphigenia in Aulis. The aim of this paper is to present the most plausible explanation of the similarities between these narratives: Aqedah’s dependence upon Euripides’s tragedy.
Evaluating the Categorical Exclusion of Khasi Women from Inheritance and Property Rights
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Bhatnagar Kajori
Published: January 2024

Customary laws govern inheritance among many tribal communities that fall within the ambit of the fifth and sixth schedules of the Indian Constitution. Under this paper’s scope, we shall look at the Khasi community hailing from the state of Meghalaya which is a matrilineal community. Where the Khasis draw their lineage from their mothers, there is a misnomer that women inherit and own the entire property. In light of the abovementioned background, the paper makes an analytical study of the customary inheritance rights of Khasi women, the nature of resource ownership and attempts to understand the grounds behind the claims of gender preference in the existing matrilineal system practised by the Khasis of Meghalaya. We also look at the intersection of gender and matrilineal system of inheritance in the Khasi community, the dispute between customs and legislations and examine whether there exists a need for codification. The paper also discusses the findings of the survey and focus group discussions including 90 Khasi women from East Khasi Hills and their growing consensus on equal inheritance rights but resistance towards statutory laws to govern their lives.
Human Right Violation Through State Terrorism in Indonesia
Authors: Liem Justiani , Kadi Saurip , Neonbasu Gregorius
Published: January 2024

Indonesia is essentially pluralistic and multicultural. As a diverse country, Indonesia has the largest number of Muslim adherents in the world. The country commits itself on religious tolerance, democratic transformation, and the promotion of human rights. However, many Indonesians face religious discrimination. Laws, policies, and practices contrary to international human rights continue, and the State has been failing to protect its citizens from religious intolerance and violence. Concentration of power, wealth in the hand of oligarchy has caused state terrorism and capital violence. People’s initiatives to solve their own daily lives can be easily crushed. This paper chooses the case of Gafatar to show how state apparatus executed Three Ministerial Decrees as the legal justification of violence to its citizens, besides The Indonesian Council of Religious Scholars banned the Millah Abraham’s teaching, and until today, The Government has not revised it. Indonesia’s commitment to human dignity and harmony is questioned.
Desire, Marriage, and Overpopulation: The Sexual Lives of Insects in the Enlightenment (Tome 145, 7e Série, n°1-2, (2024))
Authors: Lidwell-Durnin John , Roy-di Piazza Vincent
Published: January 2024

During the eighteenth century, the discovery of sexual reproduction in insect species prompted the demise of spontaneous generation and new developments in natural history, theology, and political economy. The sexual lives of insects prompted debates on whether insects were governed by desire, free will, and even marital tendency. Fuelled by the democratisation of microscopy, early modern entomology took a new turn and breadth: the study of insects and of their sexual lives provided unexpected new insights into human sexuality, reproduction, and Malthusian fears of overpopulation. This article surveys the intellectual culture of entomology and natural history during the crucial decades when entomologists worked to quantify the reproductive capacities of insect species. Assessing the influences these entomological works had within political economy and theology, we argue that the sexual lives of insects − once analysed and delineated − influenced familiar ideological features of the intellectual landscape of the late Enlightenment, particularly in the theological philosophies of northern Europe and in the political economy of population in Britain.
The Near-Infrared Airglow Camera on the International Space Station
Authors: Gelinas L. J. , Hecht J. H. , Rudy R. J.
Published: January 2024

The OH airglow layer is a persistent feature of Earth’s upper mesosphere, centered near 87 km altitude, that can be perturbed by atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) and instabilities. While ground-based airglow imaging has been used to study these perturbations locally, this technique is limited by tropospheric weather. Space-based remote sensing provides a platform to measure these processes globally. In addition, portions of the OH airglow band span an atmospheric window, allowing airglow illumination of the ground for imaging of nighttime clouds and Earth terrain features. The Near-Infrared Airglow Camera (NIRAC) images the airglow at 1.6 μm and while deployed to the International Space Station (ISS) from May 2019 to November 2021 demonstrated these applications. The camera uses a patented motion-compensation system with a custom rectilinear lens that allows multisecond, nearly smear-free imaging (∼<1.5 pixels) at a ground pixel resolution of ∼83 m. With a ∼170 km × 170 km ground swath, NIRAC acquires overlapping images at a 7–10-s cadence. Parallax considerations enable detection of both AGWs and instabilities in the airglow, and scenes can be analyzed for terrain and cloud height. NIRAC also has a short-exposure daytime mode for cloud and ground imagery. This study describes NIRAC and its operations on the ISS and presents imagery examples of Earth terrain and surface phenomenology (such as fires), cloud imagery at all moon phases day and night, and the nighttime detection of AGWs and instabilities above 80 km altitude.

Significance Statement

The Near-Infrared Airglow Camera (NIRAC) is the first space-based instrument to exploit the bright 1.6 μm OH Meinel airglow emission band for Earth surface imager at resolution of ∼83 m. During its 2.5-yr deployment on the International Space Station (ISS), NIRAC obtained over a half million images of Earth’s surface and OH airglow layer. NIRAC has been able to capture images of the very small-scale (<30 km) AGWs and instabilities under a wide range of viewing conditions, including (i) in the vicinity of city lights, (ii) over complex cloud scenes, and (iii) under both moondown and moonup illumination. NIRAC also acquired daytime and nighttime images of clouds, hurricanes and typhoons, human lighting, and forest fires in the 1.6 μm band.
Mechanical properties and statistical analysis of Syagrus Romanzoffiana palm cellulose fibers
Authors: Ferfari Oussama , Belaadi Ahmed , Boumaaza Messaouda , Amroune Salah , Alshahrani Hassan , KA Khan Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Explore the intriguing world of natural fibers, where Syagrus Romanzoffiana (SR) fibers out as a viable alternative to synthetic and glass fibers in composite materials. Dive into the eco-friendly attraction of SR fibers, which are renowned for their natural degradation and ecologically favorable properties. This novel work investigates the performance characterization of 40 mm gauge-length (GL) SR fibers under quasi-static pressures using rigorous tensile testing. The mystery develops when 200 fibers are examined in seven different test groups, revealing the effect of test quantity ( N) on tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and fracture strain. Given the intrinsic diversity of natural fibers, the study applies strong statistical approaches such as least squares (LS) and maximum likelihood (ML) estimations, as well as two- and three-parameter Weibull distributions. Witness the thorough dispersion and probability analysis, which culminates in an enthralling one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) across the seven test groups ( N = 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 200) for each tensile strength characteristic. Join us on this scientific trip as we uncover the mysteries and promise of Syagrus Romanzoffiana fibers to shape the future of composite materials.
It's Up and It's Stuck: Witnessing Black Girl Joy in Digital Spaces
Authors: Owusu Margaret (Mimi) , Almore Anna , cooper monét , Johnson Mara , Kubi Gabrielle , Quince Christine L.
Published: January 2024

Because Black girls are seen as oppositional to middle-class, white femininity and positioned as unworthy of protection within oppressive systems, Black girl play is deemed dangerous. Thus, we created The Black Girl Collective (BGC) and convened to consider: What do we learn from witnessing Black girls’ joyful acts through their digital dance challenge performances? We recognize Black girls’ digital dance practices as praxis and offer implications and possibilities for how researchers and educators can tune their gaze to reimagine learning environments for all children, especially Black girls.
Airline Social Media Recovery Satisfaction: Has COVID Changed Everything?
Authors: Sharma Tripti Ghosh , Gupta Mahima , Thomas Vinu Cheruvil , Sivakumaran Bharadhwaj
Published: January 2024

This study deals with airlines’ handling of customer complaints pre- and post-Covid 19. Authors extracted airlines’ responses regarding redress, timeliness, apology, credibility, facilitation, and attentiveness and analyzed them pre- and post-pandemic. The results indicate the differential impacts of organizational responses on recovery satisfaction pre- and post-pandemic. Attentiveness (timeliness) had a significant role only pre- (post-) pandemic. Redress, credibility and facilitation remained crucial in both scenarios. Further, pre-pandemic results showed that the impact of organizational responses (credibility, timeliness, and facilitation) on recovery satisfaction was greater for failures associated with core rather than augmented elements of airline service. In the post-pandemic scenario, the impact of organizational responses on consumers’ recovery satisfaction was the same for both categories of service failures. Thus, post-pandemic, airlines may emphasize redress, credibility, timeliness, and facilitation responses in their social media posts for both service failure types.
Thwarted Belonging and Perceived Burdensomeness During Middle and Older Adulthood: The Role of Generativity
Authors: Gager Constance T. , Gunn John F. , Goldstein Sara E. , Martinez Stephanie M.
Published: January 2024

Using a sample of middle-aged and older adults, this research explores associations between generativity and two key risk factors for suicide: thwarted belonging (T.B.) and perceived burdensomeness (P.B.). These variables are typically studied as predictors of suicide; the current study is unique in examining their psychosocial correlates. Erikson described, generativity as a psychosocial construct that characterizes adult well-being in mid-life, conceptualized as the sense one has successfully guided and contributed to the younger generation through mentoring. Using the Midlife in the United States Survey (MIDUS), the current analyses indicate that generativity is associated with lower levels of P.B. and T.B., even after accounting for measures of hopelessness, depressive symptoms, financial stability, perceived neighborhood quality, chronic health conditions, and respondent's demographic characteristics including gender and age. Results are discussed in terms of applications for suicide-risk prevention, and with regard to the promotion of positive psychosocial development across the lifespan.
A Test of Job Demands-Resources Theory: Organizational Citizenship Behavior in a Carceral Setting
Authors: Rankin Katherine E. , Treston Kassandra Cordero
Published: January 2024

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), or behavior that goes above and beyond the call of duty, is believed to lead to a better functioning organization. The goal of this article was to examine workplace factors that may be associated with OCB among correctional officers using existing scholarship and the job demands-resources theory as a framework. Understanding how to foster OCB in correctional officers, in an era of high levels of dissatisfaction and turnover, is critical for creating a well-functioning prison agency. A sample of correctional officers from Texas and Massachusetts were surveyed for the current study ( n = 442). Initial findings indicate some support for the applicability of job demands-resources theory to OCB. Specifically, both leadership support (β = .28, p < .001) and coworker support (β = .12, p < .01) were significantly and positively associated with OCB.
Reflecting on Teachers College Record
Authors: Gottfried Michael
Published: January 2024

Teachers College Record (TCR) stands as a beacon in educational scholarship, guiding educators, researchers, and policymakers through the complex landscape of education. This reflection explores TCR’s multifaceted contributions, emphasizing its commitment to rigorous research, diverse perspectives, and advocacy for evidence-based practices.
Toxicologic Pathology Forum Opinion Piece: Use of Virtual Control Groups in Nonclinical Toxicity Studies: The Anatomic Pathology Perspective
Authors: Grevot Armelle , Boisclair Julie , Guffroy Magali , Hall Peter , Pohlmeyer-Esch Gabriele , Jacobsen Matt , Bach Ute , Frisk Anna Lena , Dybdal Noel , Palazzi Xavier
Published: January 2024

In the last decade, numerous initiatives have emerged worldwide to reduce the use of animals in drug development, including more recently the introduction of Virtual Control Groups (VCGs) concept for nonclinical toxicity studies. Although replacement of concurrent controls (CCs) by virtual controls (VCs) represents an exciting opportunity, there are associated challenges that will be discussed in this paper with a more specific focus on anatomic pathology. Coordinated efforts will be needed from toxicologists, clinical and anatomic pathologists, and regulators to support approaches that will facilitate a staggered implementation of VCGs in nonclinical toxicity studies. Notably, the authors believe that a validated database for VC animals will need to include histopathology (digital) slides for microscopic assessment. Ultimately, the most important step lies in the validation of the concept by performing VCG and the full control group in parallel for studies of varying duration over a reasonable timespan to confirm there are no differences in outcomes (dual study design). The authors also discuss a hybrid approach, whereby control groups comprised both concurrent and VCs to demonstrate proof-of-concept. Once confidence is established by sponsors and regulators, VCs have the potential to replace some or all CC animals.
The Politics of Language: Christianity, Language, and Identity Conflict in Nagaland
Authors: Tikhir Daniel
Published: January 2024

The politics of language is not an abstract academic endeavor. In India, it has been at the forefront of many linguistic-based movements such as the demand for statehood, autonomous council/district, tribal recognition, and scheduled tribe status. Ethnic identities are constructed and are never unified and stable. It is increasingly fragmented, although the powerful actors think of identity articulated using common origin/ancestry, culture, and language, as enduring through time. The politics of language has been at the forefront of many linguistic-based movements. It calls attention to analyze the way pan-tribal identity is articulated and the same is contested by the other who does not subscribe to it. This article examines how religion, particularly Christianity, became one of the instruments along with others in articulating pan-tribal identity and contestation in Nagaland.
The effects of practice-based coaching and scripted supports on teachers’ implementation of shared book reading strategies
Authors: Dennis Lindsay , Eldridge Jennifer , Wade Taryn , Robbins Audrey , Larkin Maria , Fundelius Erika
Published: January 2024

High-quality professional development can lead to increased and sustained implementation of evidence-based practices. This study examined the effects of practice-based coaching (PBC) paired with scripted supports on teachers’ use of shared book reading strategies. The primary dependent variable was percentage of strategies correctly implemented; the secondary dependent variable was expressive and receptive vocabulary knowledge of three preschool children with a language delay. The study aimed to address the following research questions: (1) What are the effects of PBC and scripted supports on preschool teachers’ implementation of shared book reading strategies? (2) Does preschool teacher's implementation of shared book reading strategies influence the expressive and receptive language of preschool age children (i.e., between 36–60 months) with language delays? Employing a single-case multiple baseline across participants design, three teachers were trained on three strategies (i.e., question/evaluate, expansions, and repeat) embedded within the context of shared book reading. Visual analysis is the gold standard for evaluating results in SCRD and include evaluating the level, trend, and variability of data, as well as analyzing the immediacy of effect, overlap of data in adjacent phases, and the consistency of data patterns in other conditions. Results were variable for one participant. Corresponding child-level data for all three participants was also positive. Implications for future research are discussed. Teachers and therapists can benefit from the PBC model when working with preschool children who have language delays. A limitation of the study is a lack of a functional relationship between the independent and dependent variable due to time constraints with data collection.
The mediatization of the economist profession: How economists use the media to promote political and economic interests
Authors: Harjuniemi Timo
Published: January 2024

Professional economists wield considerable power as experts and policymakers. Consequently, economists frequently appear in the media, where they comment on current economic issues and assess economic policy options. Despite the status of economists, little is known about the relationship between economists and the media and how economists use the media to promote economic and political interests. Building on the scholarship on the mediatization of expertise, this article analyzes the mediatization of the economist profession. The article draws on 17 semi-structured interviews with Finnish economists who appear frequently in the news media. The findings reveal how institutions from private banks to research institutes use economists to advance their economic and political interests via the media. It is found that using social media and serving journalists are elemental parts of an economist's job description. Furthermore, economists work closely with communications professionals to advance organizational interests. This article argues that further research should analyze how mediatization intertwines with the work of economic experts.
Driving Safety Evaluation of Mixed Car-Following Situations by Autonomous and Manual Vehicles at Urban Interrupted Road Facilities
Authors: Lee Sangjae , Jo Young , Kim Hojae , Park Juneyoung , Oh Cheol
Published: January 2024

In the early stages of the development of autonomous driving technology, autonomous vehicles (AVs) and manually driven vehicles (MVs) will both be present on the roads, and the interaction of AVs and MVs will affect driving safety. This study aims to evaluate driving safety for car-following scenarios involving AVs and MVs on urban roads and to identify the driving safety vulnerability sections for each road. In this study, the AV behavior control algorithm and the urban interrupted road were implemented using SCANeRTM, and longitudinal, lateral, and inter-vehicle driving safety indicators were derived. As a result of the analysis, the driving safety of the AV-AV pair was the highest in all safety indicators, and the mixed pair (AV-MV) was safer than the MV-MV pair. The driving safety evaluation index for each analysis section was analyzed by the rate of change. As a result of analysis of variance, the null hypothesis that the section was the same in all mixed pairs of evaluation indicators was rejected. Post hoc analysis shows that the section with the greatest difference from the straight line was selected as a vulnerable area. As a result of the post hoc analysis, the non-signal intersection was analyzed as the most vulnerable area in the case of the mixed pair. Using this, it is possible to select a driving safety vulnerability section when AVs and MVs are mixed on actual urban roads.
Performance Prospects of Remote Work in Street-Level Bureaucratic Settings: Insights From Teachers and Caseworkers in Denmark
Authors: Hansen Paw , Pedersen Mogens Jin
Published: January 2024

What are the prospects of remote work—working from home—in the context of street-level bureaucratic work? This article explores how remote work relates to performance in public service settings. Focusing on the push toward remote work induced by the COVID-19 pandemic and using survey responses from Danish frontline workers ( n = 1,578) in two types of public service organizations, we find that remote work is associated with a loss in self-reported performance. The loss is greater for frontline workers in people-changing relative to people-processing organizations—and appears driven by lacking motivation, work tools, and coworker interactions.
Transit-Oriented Development and Neighborhood Change: The Case of Gent Sint-Pieters Station
Authors: Versigghel Jente , Witlox Frank
Published: January 2024

The Gent Sint-Pieters (GSP) project, an infrastructure and urban renewal project in Ghent, Belgium, can be considered a typical example of transit-oriented development (TOD). TOD can have significant effects on surrounding neighborhoods and their characteristics. In this study, a difference-in-difference model was used to measure changes in income level, educational attainment and house prices resulting from the GSP project. Although research demonstrates that TOD can lead to changes in the composition of neighborhoods and property values, our results show no significant causal effects, indicating that the local context determines whether, to what extent and in what way neighborhood changes occur.
Regulating Public Property: The Account of the Homeless
Authors: Viljoen Sue-Mari
Published: January 2024

A global socio-economic problem concerns the unlawful occupation of public spaces. At a time when states are more inclined to adopt welfare-orientated, inclusive social policies, property rules continue to forbid the homeless from exercising those activities that should ideally be done in private. The City of Cape Town serves as an interesting case study to critically reflect on social policies and laws that regulate the use of public property when rough sleeping is not only excessive, but perhaps even normatively accepted. The article reflects on the social dilemma of an emerging conflict between property rules (specifically antisocial behavior laws) and what has become normatively conventional in the streets, sidewalks, and public parks of the City. Antisocial behavior laws are enforced irregularly as the homeless are informally pardoned therefrom; this can lead to civic hostility and more social violations. The regulatory framework pertaining to street people is also analyzed considering the constitutional directive to distribute land/dwellings. Property is inaccessible for the most destitute - the centrality of property is overlooked in the state's pursuit to not only provide access, but also enable the vulnerable to live dignified, self-sustaining lives. For the street population, the freedom to perform every-day acts is socially controlled by the property system to that of state forbearance, shaped by an indefinite norms-based understanding of where certain activities are considered reasonable. This is a unsustainable, inhumane practice that prejudices the entire community and the urban environment.
Gen Z’s Engagement with the Metaverse: Mediated Role of Symbolic Gratification and Desired Enhancement of Reality and Moderated Role of Gender
Authors: Kathuria Vinish
Published: January 2024

The avatar-driven metaverse represents the convergence of the physical and digital realms using real-time 3D software. We leverage the uses, gratifications, and customer engagement (CE) theories to study factors impacting Generation Z’s (Gen Z) engagement with the multisensory immersive metaverse environment. Our research on 204 Gen Z participants from the USA (46% female) indicates that Gen Z’s hedonic needs for engaging with the metaverse are higher than their cognitive needs. Self-expression (symbolic gratification) and the desired enhancement of reality mediate the relationship between hedonic needs and CE. Using a moderated serial mediation model, we show that the effects of serial mediation are moderated by gender. This research enhances the behavioural science research on new-age technology usage amongst Gen Z.
12-Year Trends of Orofacial Clefts in the United States: Highlighting Racial/Ethnic Differences in Prevalence of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
Authors: Taritsa Iulianna C. , Ledwon Joanna K. , Bajaj Anitesh , Gosain Arun K.
Published: January 2024

Objective

Discrepancies in prevalence among infants with orofacial clefts are public health research priorities. Our objective was to calculate updated estimated prevalence of orofacial clefts in the United States, with sub-analyses by racial/ethnic group.

Design

The National Birth Defect Prevention Network database was used to evaluate trends in cases with orofacial cleft in the United States from 2006 to 2018. Cases with cleft lip with and without cleft palate (CL ± P) and cleft palate (CP) alone were sub-stratified by racial/ethnic category. Estimated prevalence was calculated using the total live births reported in each maternal racial/ethnic group. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated to measure the strength of association between racial/ethnic group and risk of orofacial clefts.

Results

Estimated prevalence rates show that maternally-reported Native American/Alaskan Native individuals were 43.8% ( p < 0.0001) and 36.0% ( p < 0.0001) more likely to have CL ± P and CP alone, respectively, compared to maternally-reported non-Hispanic White individuals. Estimated prevalence of CL ± P in maternally-reported non-Hispanic Black individuals (OR = 0.64) and maternally-reported Asians/Pacific Islander individuals were significantly lower than in maternally-reported non-Hispanic White individuals (OR = 0.63, p < 0.0001). Estimated prevalence of CP alone was significantly lower in maternally-reported non-Hispanic Black individuals (OR = 0.64, p < 0.0001), maternally-reported Asians/Pacific Islander individuals (OR = 0.69, p < 0.0001), and maternally-reported Hispanic individuals (OR = 0.81, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Across the total population, there was no significant change in estimated orofacial cleft prevalence. However, there were significant disproportions in estimated orofacial cleft prevalence across racial/ethnic groups, which may guide further discussion among craniofacial health care providers and centers and their patients regarding differences in cleft risk factors.
Adaptive Control of Tumor Growth
Authors: Derbal Youcef
Published: January 2024

Cancer treatment optimizations select the most optimum combinations of drugs, sequencing schedules, and appropriate doses that would limit toxicity and yield an improved patient quality of life. However, these optimizations often lack an adequate consideration of cancer’s near-infinite potential for evolutionary adaptation to therapeutic interventions. Adapting cancer therapy based on monitored tumor burden and clonal composition is an intuitively sound approach to the treatment of cancer as an inherently complex and adaptive system. The adaptation would be driven by clinical outcome setpoints embodying the aims to thwart therapeutic resistance and maintain a long-term management of the disease or even a cure. However, given the nonlinear, stochastic dynamics of tumor response to therapeutic interventions, adaptive therapeutic strategies may at least need a one-step-ahead prediction of tumor burden to maintain their control over tumor growth dynamics. The article explores the feasibility of adaptive cancer treatment driven by tumor state feedback assuming cell adaptive fitness to be the underlying source of phenotypic plasticity and pathway entropy as a biomarker of tumor growth trajectory. The exploration is undertaken using deterministic and stochastic models of tumor growth dynamics.
Gendered Responses to Fear of Victimization? A Comparative Study of Students’ Precautionary and Avoidance Strategies in Suburban and Urban Contexts
Authors: Jacobsen Shannon K.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to understand how gender shapes women's and men's behavioral responses to fear of crime and whether their use of these strategies varies by context. Interviews were conducted with 70 undergraduates attending universities in two distinct community settings. Regardless of campus context, the findings revealed that women and men at both institutions used similar types of precautionary and defensive behaviors to manage their fear of crime and perceptions of risk; however, the prevalence with which they used these strategies was quite gendered. More complex patterns were revealed for women's and men's use of avoidance behaviors.
Incidence of pulmonary toxicity in bleomycin-containing regimens for testicular cancer with and without the use of growth factor
Authors: McAvoy Claire , Fields Paige , Otto Danielle , Kreimer Alexander , Ellis Carleton S
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The concurrent use of bleomycin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) has historically been debated as a risk factor for bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity in patients with both testicular cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of pulmonary toxicity in patients with testicular cancer who were treated with bleomycin and pegfilgrastim concurrently.

Methods

This is a retrospective study that includes male patients over the age of 18 years old diagnosed with testicular cancer who received bleomycin-containing chemotherapy regimens with and without the use of G-CSF agents.

Results

There were a total of 33 patients identified as receiving bleomycin, with 30 of those patients having received concurrent G-CSF therapy. Of the patients who received G-CSF therapy, 11 patients (36.6%) experienced pulmonary toxicity leading to discontinuation of bleomycin or changes in chemotherapy regimens altogether.

Conclusion

There were no major differences in patient demographics or risk factors between those who received G-CSF and developed pulmonary toxicity and those who received G-CSF but did not develop pulmonary toxicity. Further studies are needed in order to fully assess the risk of pulmonary toxicity with this chemotherapy regimen.
Continuation of Treatment in Children With ADHD: A Multicenter Turkish Sample Study
Authors: Baykal Saliha , Çobanoğlu Osmanlı Cansu , Bozkurt Abdullah , Önal Bedia Sultan , Şahin Berkan , Karaçizmeli Müge , Öz Gazi Ayşegül , Karabekiroğlu Koray
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate the variables that may affect treatment continuation in children aged 6 to 12 years who were newly diagnosed with ADHD.

Methods:

A total of 132 children diagnosed with ADHD and their parents participated in the study. Sociodemographic and clinical risk factors affecting continuation of treatment were examined using logistic regression analysis.

Results:

Multiple model examination revealed that greater age increased the risk of treatment discontinuation 1.824 times ( p = .003) while a lower total length of paternal education increased the risk of discontinuation (1/0.835) 1.198 times ( p = .022). Other variables emerging as significant in the univariate model lost that significance in the multiple model.

Conclusions:

Understanding the variables associated with medication discontinuation in ADHD in different populations and taking these variables into account in the development of health policies, will be useful in improving the long-term devastating effects of the disorder.
Thinking about the ‘silent readers’: a regional digital ethnographic case study exploring motivations and barriers to participation in public debate on Facebook
Authors: Ross Angela
Published: January 2024

There is increasing evidence fewer people are willing to discuss and debate issues of common concern on social media with their feeds becoming more conflict-laden and toxic. A more nuanced understanding is needed of the motivations and deterrents for individual participation, in different contexts. This article provides a unique perspective from regional Australia by considering the conditions under which a group of social media users in Launceston, Tasmania were more likely to participate in discussion on Facebook and the factors that encouraged participants to present a constructed version of themselves. In doing so, this digital ethnographic case study contributes to evidence about the limitations of Facebook as a place for democratic public debate and may have practical application by helping identify spaces on social media that are more likely to prompt open and honest discussion.
A partial conversion: how the ‘unholy trinity’ of global economic governance adapts to state capitalism
Authors: Alami Ilias , Taggart Jack
Published: January 2024

To what extent is neoliberal global economic governance transforming in a world where states play greater roles as promoters, supervisors and owners of capital? Do these transformations signal a potential paradigm shift? To answer these questions, we focus on global financial governance and the trade and investment regime. We analyse recent policy documents from the IMF, World Bank and WTO – the ‘Unholy Trinity’ of neoliberal global governance. Our analysis reveals a growing acceptance of state interventionism within and across these organizations. Although this accommodation is significant, we argue that it constitutes a limited transformation. We observe attempts to incorporate emerging state interventionist practices and state-owned entities into established governance arrangements in order to discipline, curtail and control them. We argue that this does not signify a shift towards post-neoliberal plurality within Western-dominated global economic governance, but rather a defensive, ‘mutating neoliberalism’ which seeks to incorporate depoliticized and commercially oriented state ownership into its mainframe.
A pub for England: Race and class in the time of the nation
Authors: Singh Amit , Valluvan Sivamohan , Kneale James
Published: January 2024

The pub is often romanticised as a site of idyllic English ‘working-class’ sociability that is now under threat. Such melancholic invocations of the pub’s plight are invoked amid the wider resurgence of a racialised English nationalism that makes particularly effective claims to a ‘white working-class’ and their putatively ‘left-behind’ anguish. This article challenges such dominant accounts, juxtaposing such racially defensive readings of the working-class pub against the otherwise overlooked phenomenon of England’s ‘desi pubs’ (Indian-run pubs) through recourse to David Jesudason’s Desi Pubs as well as drawing upon the accounts of the founder of Glassy Junction, a historic desi pub in Southall. Importantly, this overdue engagement of ‘desi pubs’ is considered not through frameworks of race and nation alone but also within conjunctural webs of capitalist stratification and subjectivity. Ultimately, we argue that attentiveness to desi pubs helps draw out convivial modalities of working-class sociability that exist outside of both otherwise ascendant racial and nationalist grievance frames and the sanitised but also prohibitive consumerist webs of aspirational distinction and individualism.
Illusory authenticity: Negotiating compassion in animal experimentation discourse
Authors: Almiron Núria , Fernández Laura , Rodrigo-Alsina Miquel
Published: January 2024

Society’s compassion towards nonhuman animals used in experimentation has grown exponentially. This paper adopts critical discourse analysis to examine how the animal experimentation industry negotiates this societal moral response. To this end, the discourse of the largest animal experimentation interest group in Spain has been studied. Our findings show that the industry, as represented by this interest group, does not negotiate compassion with authenticity but rather creates an illusion of it through opportunistic lexical choices and suppressions, including contradictions and incongruities. We conclude by defining such a discourse as illusory authenticity, a discourse with which the industry conveniently frames itself as altruistic and concerned about animal suffering while at the same time discouraging the public’s cultivation of compassion towards nonhuman animal suffering. This is done by means of perpetuating a logic that frames nonhuman animals as inferior beings whose existence is at the service of humanity.
Reinforcement learning applied to dilute combustion control for increased fuel efficiency
Authors: Maldonado Bryan P , Kaul Brian C , Schuman Catherine D , Young Steven R
Published: January 2024

To reduce the modeling burden for control of spark-ignition engines, reinforcement learning (RL) has been applied to solve the dilute combustion limit problem. Q-learning was used to identify an optimal control policy to adjust the fuel injection quantity in each combustion cycle. A physics-based model was used to determine the relevant states of the system used for training the control policy in a data-efficient manner. The cost function was chosen such that high cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) at the dilute limit was minimized while maintaining stoichiometric combustion as much as possible. Experimental results demonstrated a reduction of CCV after the training period with slightly lean combustion, contributing to a net increase in fuel conversion efficiency of 1.33%. To ensure stoichiometric combustion for three-way catalyst compatibility, a second feedback loop based on an exhaust oxygen sensor was incorporated into the fuel quantity controller using a slow proportional-integral (PI) controller. The closed-loop experiments showed that both feedback loops can cooperate effectively, maintaining stoichiometric combustion while reducing combustion CCV and increasing fuel conversion efficiency by 1.09%. Finally, a modified cost function was proposed to ensure stoichiometric combustion with a single controller. In addition, the learning period was shortened by half to evaluate the RL algorithm performance on limited training time. Experimental results showed that the modified cost function could achieve the desired CCV targets, however, the learning time was reduced by half and the fuel conversion efficiency increased only by 0.30%.