bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morbidity Patterns and Health Seeking Behaviour of 50+ Elderly People in the Rural Community at Fateyabad in Chattogram
Authors: Farahnaj Sara , Azim Mohammed Noorul , Hossain Mohammed Akram , Mahmud Sayeed , Datta Subra Praksh , Mazumder Pranay Kumar , Ahmed Mohammad Kawser
Published: September 2024

Background: Bangladesh is a nation with 9.3% geriatric population who are above 60 years of age and it is expected to rise to 22% in 2050. Health related problems of the elderly need comprehensive geriatric care. This study aimed to explore the morbidity pattern and its associated factors among the elderly population in a rural area of the Chattogram district of Bangladesh.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Fateyabad in Hathazari, Chattogram, during the period from April to October 2023 which included 260 respondents aged 50 years and above. Data were collected by face-to-face interview by using a pretested mixed type questionnaire. Data were compiled and analysis were done by using scientific calculator and computer.
Results: HTN and Diabetes Mellitus were the most common morbidities among elderly population which was 151 (58%) and 92 (35%) respectively. Female respondents were 143 (55%) and male were 117 (45%). Majority of the elderly population belonged to age group 50-59 which was 160 (61%) years and lion share of the respondents were housewife 134 (51%). The rates of seeking healthcare services was higher among elderly population with primary and secondary education, those living with spouses and children, those residing in extended families with seven or more members and older men and women with diabetes and cardiac diseases.
Conclusion: On the basis of the findings, it is suggested that the traditional extended family structure should be sustained, wherein older people are treated with care and respect, thereby promoting health of the aged in rural Bangladesh. Furthermore, family relationships should be strengthened, because older individuals, require emotional and familial support to their end stage of life.
IAHS Medical Journal Volume 6(2) December 2023; 64-67
Environmental Literacy among Primary Level Students in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study between Urban and Rural Areas
Authors: Awal Sheikh Tahmina , Haque Khandakar Imdadul
Published: September 2024

Environmental literacy (EL) is considered a key skill for primary students who will be responsible for solving the environmental problems that affect Bangladesh and other countries. This study explored the EL of primary students in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh, using the five EL components: knowledge, skill, awareness, attitude, ability to evaluate, and participation, declared in 1977 Tbilisi conference on environment education. A qualitative approach was used, and data were collected through surveys, focus group discussions, and student interviews. Thematic and descriptive analysis was performed on the findings. The results indicated that urban students had higher EL scores than rural students in all components. The study also suggested the implications of the findings for curriculum developers, policymakers, environmental NGOs, local project planners, and future research.
Teacher’s World: Journal of Education and Res arch, 50(1): 21-42
Learning Style Preferences of French Learners: A Perspective from Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Riadul
Published: September 2024

The objective of this research was to determine the learning style preferences of French learners in Bangladesh. A questionnaire was distributed among the French learners in different public universities and two other French language institutes across the country. Reid’s (1984) questionnaire comprises thirty learning style preference items, which are classified into six separate learning styles, i.e., auditory, visual, kinesthetic, tactile, group, and individual styles. The questionnaire is prepared to accumulate quantitative data. The researcher used five questions for the interview to collect the qualitative data. Findings of the survey reveal that visual, group, tactile, and kinesthetic learning styles were determined as major learning styles among the participants of this study. Some recommendations, like using different teaching aids such as audio-video materials and applying different techniques, have been proposed for French learners in Bangladesh.
Teacher’s World: Journal of Education and Res arch, 50(1): 155-170
Tác động của công nghệ blockchain đến chuỗi cung ứng xanh và kinh doanh bền vững
Authors: Trần Thị Ngọc Lan , Nguyễn Thị Hoài Thu , Cao Thị Hoài
Published: September 2024

Nghiên cứu này đánh giá tác động của công nghệ blockchain đến chuỗi cung ứng xanh và kinh doanh bền vững của các doanh nghiệp kinh doanh liên quan đến lĩnh vực y tế và chăm sóc sức khỏe tại Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh. Bên cạnh đó, vai trò trung gian của của chuỗi cung ứng xanh ở 4 khía cạnh bao gồm thiết kế xanh, cung ứng xanh, đào tạo xanh và sản xuất xanh cũng được nhấn mạnh trong mối quan hệ này. Mẫu nghiên cứu gồm 457 bảng hỏi thu thập từ khảo sát. Kết quả phân tích định lượng cho thấy công nghệ blockchain ngoài tác động trực tiếp đến kinh doanh bền vững còn có tác động gián tiếp thông qua mối quan hệ trung gian chuỗi cung ứng xanh. Phát hiện này giúp các nhà quản trị đưa ra hành động hợp lý trong việc ứng dụng công nghệ blockchain trong hoạt động sản xuất kinh doanh giúp xây dựng chuỗi cung ứng đáp ứng nhu cầu của thị trường tạo lợi thế cạnh tranh trên thị trường hướng tới kinh doanh bền vững.
Patrimonio universitario, inclusión y bienestar: reflexiones desde el Centre Cultural La Nau de la Universitat de València
Authors: Vázquez de Ágredos Pascual Marisa , Alba Pagán Ester , Bonmatí Alcántara Ana
Published: September 2024

Los museos y colecciones de las universidades, todavía más invisibles que visibles en nuestra sociedad, reúnen patrimonio cultural, natural, científico y tecnológico con alta capacidad para general actividades educativas y expositivas de gran calidad que estén abiertas a todos los públicos, y poniendo especial énfasis en colectivos vulnerables y en riesgo de exclusión social, como las personas con discapacidad. Más allá de ello, nuestro objetivo debería ser trabajar en la identificación, diseño y difusión de estas actividades incluyendo su participación, en respuesta al compromiso que debemos adquirir con los Derechos Culturales Participativos y como estrategia para detectar todas aquellas barreras físicas, cognitivas y sensoriales que no hacen completamente accesibles e inclusivos nuestros museos y actividades. El Centre Cultural La Nau de la Universitat de València, a través del proyecto Nau Social, trabaja con este propósito, convirtiéndose en un escenario de aprendizaje, reflexión y acción en el que confluyen Cultura, Patrimonio y Sociedad.
Optimalisasi Pembelajaran Literasi Numerasi Melalui Pelatihan Penggunaan Website Google Sites bagi Guru Komunitas Belajar
Authors: Renaningtias Nurul , Susanti Atika , Mirzana Bagus , Prasetyo Cahyo , Lestari Dwi
Published: September 2024

Kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa di SDN 08 Bengkulu Tengah belum optimal, karena guru belum mampu menyusun perencanaan pembelajaran yang mengintegrasikan literasi numerasi secara maksimal dan kegiatan literasi numerasi masih terbatas pada sumber bacaan di sekolah. Oleh karena itu, perlu pemanfaatan teknologi untuk memperluas akses sumber literasi numerasi bagi siswa. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam literasi numerasi melalui penggunaan website Google Sites. Mitra pengabdian di SDN 08 Bengkulu Tengah, Desa Rindu Hati. Metode yang digunakan adalah IPPE (Identifikasi Kebutuhan, Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan Pelatihan, dan Evaluasi). Instrumen evaluasi adalah lembar tes. Hasil penilaian menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada kemampuan guru, dengan rata-rata nilai pretest meningkat dari 51,57 menjadi 85,56 pada posttest dan nilai N-Gain rata-rata 0,74 (kategori "Tinggi"). Saran dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah agar para guru secara konsisten menerapkan website yang telah dipelajari di kelas, serta mengintegrasikan website tersebut ke dalam pembelajaran pada materi yang berkaitan dengan literasi numerasi.
Pemanfaatan Integrasi Smartwatch dan Aplikasi Forza dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Tim Sepak Bola Putra Mangun Jaya F.C.
Authors: Suryanto Tri Lathif Mardi , Daniati Erna , Wibowo Nur Cahyo , Mijiarto Joko , Nuryananda Praja Firdaus , Nurharyana Aliyah Shafa
Published: September 2024

Kemajuan teknologi dalam bidang olahraga khususnya teknologi wearable telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam cara manajemen kinerja atlet. Salah satunya manajemen pemain di klub sepak bola Putra Mangun Jaya (PMJ) yang menginginkan dapat melakukan pemantauan kinerja efektif selama latihan, masalahnya yakni belum pahamnya manajemen terhadap kegunaan pemanfaatan smartwatch dan Aplikasi Forza. Oleh karenanya menjadi penting bagi tim PKM melaksanakan sosialisasi penggunaan jam tangan pintar (smartwatch) yang terintegrasi dengan Aplikasi Forza. Pelaksanaan ini bertujuan meningkatkan pemahaman manajemen klub tentang manfaat teknologi wearable melalui metode sosialisasi dan pendampingan. Penyebaran angket pre-test dan post-test dilakukan untuk mendapatkan evaluasi kegiatan, hasilnya dampak dari sosialisasi dan pendampingan meningkatkan pemahaman mitra dari 40% menjadi 85%. Dengan demikian mitra mampu memahami selain sebagai penanda waktu, smartwatch yang terintegrasi dengan Aplikasi Froza berfungsi sebagai alat pemantauan kinerja pemain secara real-time.
Pemanfaatan Model Informasi Bangunan dalam Manajemen Konstruksi Proyek Rumah Susun Vertikal di Bintaro
Authors: Pandiangan Melania Lidwina , Purisari Rahma , Mannan Khalid Abdul
Published: September 2024

Seiring perkembangan teknologi konstruksi, Building Information Modeling (BIM) telah menjadi alat penting dalam mengelola proyek konstruksi, termasuk untuk meningkatkan integrasi antar disiplin seperti arsitektur, struktur, dan MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing). Melalui kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat, tim dari Program Studi Arsitektur Universitas Pembangunan Jaya (UPJ) berkolaborasi dengan mitra manajemen konstruksi dalam proyek apartemen di Bintaro. Kegiatan ini melibatkan pemodelan BIM pada disiplin arsitektur untuk mendeteksi ketidaksesuaian antar disiplin melalui proses clash detection. Pemodelan dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Autodesk Revit 2024 dan proses analisis dilakukan menggunakan Navisworks. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan BIM mampu mengidentifikasi dan memperbaiki konflik desain antar disiplin sejak tahap perencanaan. Kolaborasi ini terbukti meningkatkan efisiensi pengawasan konstruksi dan mengurangi risiko kesalahan di lapangan.
III Jornadas de Ciencia y Tecnología y III Encuentro de Investigadores en Formación
Authors: Mar del Plata UTN Facultad Regional
Published: September 2024

Este volumen recopila los trabajos presentados en las III Jornadas de Ciencia y Tecnología y III Encuentro de Investigadores en Formación, el 2 de noviembre de 2023 en la Facultad Regional Mar del Plata de la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Estas contribuciones son el resultado de la labor de investigación en diversos proyectos y cátedras y se inscriben en el objetivo de ediciones anteriores de este evento científico, consistente en construir un espacio para la difusión de los aportes teóricos y empíricos desarrollados al interior de la institución, con diferentes actores de la comunidad local y regional.
Los trabajos del presente volumen se ubican en los sectores naval, pesquero-acuícola y ambiental en franca vinculación con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS), comprometiéndose con el abordaje de soluciones tecnológicas respetuosas con el ambiente. El evento incluyó dos conferencias magistrales de destacados investigadores nacionales e internacionales ofreciendo el marco para la exposición de artículos y posters que reflejan, a través de experiencias y desarrollos tecnológicos innovadores, las respuestas de la comunidad científica a los desafíos que se plantean en el territorio.
MIEMBROS DEL COMITÉ ORGANIZADORPresidenteIng. Fernando Scholtus
CoordinaciónDra. Alicia Zanfrillo
IntegrantesEsp. Beatriz LupínDra. Marina MaggioreDra. Nair PereiraDra. Yamila Rodríguez
MIEMBROS DEL COMITÉ CIENTÍFICODr. Juan Ignacio ArdhenguiDra. Fabiola BaltarLic. Cecilia CastañosMg. Nancy FigueroaDr. Eduardo HowardMg. Hernán KunertDra. Victoria LacazeEsp. Beatriz LupínDra. Marina MaggioreDr. Sebastián OrtizDra. Nair PereiraMg. María PrarioDra. Yamila RodríguezDr. Martín SequeiraDr. Santiago UrquizaIng. Alejandro VaccariDra. Marta VidalDra. Alicia Zanfrillo
Interactive Learnıng Media Development Math Case Based on Scratch Triangle and Parallelogram Grade V Elementary School
Authors: Az-zahrah Nabilah , Sukriadi  , Arafah Andi Asrafiani , Muhlis  , Septika Hety Diana , Rahmi Rosita Putri
Published: September 2024

The development of Scratch-based Math Case interactive learning media uses the Research & Development method which produces an interactive learning media that can be accessed without using an application. The aim of this study was to ascertain the developmental process, validity, and practicality of Scratch. This study employs the ADDIE development model, comprising 1) Analysis, 2) Design, 3) Development, 4) Implementation, and 5) Evaluation. The subjects of this study were students of class V-A at SDN 004 Samarinda Ulu and 1 teacher of class V-A.
The result of this research is Scratch interactive learning media in the form of links that can be used without using the application. This media has been tested for validity and practicality by several experts and responses from research subjects. The validity assessment from linguists scored 86% in a very decent category, the validity assessment from material experts scored 84% in a very decent category, and the validity assessment from media experts scored 86% in a very decent category. Practicality assessment was carried out through small-scale and large-scale trials. The practicality of small-scale trials on students obtained an assessment of 83% with a very feasible category. The practicality of large-scale trials on students obtained an assessment of 87% with a very feasible category and the practicality of large-scale trials on educators obtained an assessment of 96% with a very feasible category. Based on these stages, this Scratch media can be used in the classroom as an interactive learning media.
Identities in Transition from Africa to Canada: Becoming Students
Authors: Okyere Abigail Amoakoa , Orhierhor Marian , Nartey Andrews , Nuhu Judith , Joseph Anne Ayomiposi , Koboti Atang , Karangu Philip Kimani , Nicol Cynthia
Published: September 2024

Students studying abroad are faced with challenges that impact their cultural, social, and economic identities, and this varies greatly depending on their home country and study destination. The transition and inter-cultural learning experiences of international tertiary students from African countries are currently under-examined. Afrocentric theory was employed to interpret the data derived from this qualitative study, which drew upon participatory action research and Photovoice methods to explore how African students navigate transitions to studying in Canada and the strategies they use for creating supportive social resources. As authors, co-researchers, and participants, we identified unique insights on how students build and maintain senses of connections, familiarity, and comfort when away from home, and how they conceptualize, create, and sustain community. These accounts provide insight for mentors, faculty, and policymakers in North American institutions on how they can offer opportunities for holistic learning, cultural integration, and access to valuable mentorship to help students navigate the complex journey of transition.
Illuminating Meshworks of Pre-Service Teachers’ Curated Co-Living Learning Spaces
Authors: Keith Erin , Clarke Carolyn , Tucker Allison
Published: September 2024

Learning spaces in higher education are fraught with colonial barriers such as teacher-centered, front facing, stark, feelingless, and unwelcoming classrooms that diminish students’ feelings of well-being. For pre-service teachers, these are also the types of classrooms that they often inherit as they foray into the profession. Three Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) assistant professors investigate how pre-service teachers’ well-being shifted when collectively (re)imagining and (re)envisioning a colonial university classroom space in a faculty building that is over 100 years old. They then share the findings of their a/r/tography, action research inquiry that captured the co-living, metabolic experiences and relational meshworks of both participants (n=11) and researchers documented through reflexive journaling, artistic artifacts, interviews (n=3), and contemplation. The researchers embody decolonizing praxes through intentional interpretation and writing scholarship as they weave their storied inquiry. They conclude with transformative urgencies for how B.Ed programs can recalibrate their physical learning spaces to better support and sustain teachers’ well-being in their future profession.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN RADIO DAKTA 107 FM
Authors: Syarifuddin Slamet , Saepudin Saepudin
Published: September 2024

Selain berfungsi sebagai media publik yang mampu menjadi sarana kontrol sosial yang efektif dan efisien, radio juga mampu menyajikan informasi yang terpercaya kepada masyarakat. Salah satu contoh radio yang melakukan fungsi tersebut adalah Radio Dakta 107 FM. Sebagai stasiun radio yang berformat media informasi dan dakwah sejak 1991, Dakta 107 FM melakukan strategi pemasaran melalui pemasaran media guna mempertahankan persaingan industri radio di Kota Bekasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis strategi pemasaran yang diterapkan Radio Dakta 107 FM berdasarkan konsep STP (segmenting, targetting, positioning). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data atau fakta dilakukan secara bertatap muka langsung dan berinteraksi dengan narasumber yang berkaitan pada penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Radio Dakta telah melakukan strategi pemasaran berdasarkan konsep. Segmenting Radio Dakta 107 FM adalah wilayah Kota Bekasi dan sekitarnya dengan tingkat usia 25 tahun keatas. Mayoritas pendengar Radio Dakta adalah karyawan swasta sedangkan tingkat pendidikan para pendengarnya adalah SLTA keatas. Gaya hidup pendengar adalah mereka yang menerapkan nilai-nilai agama Islam. Untuk mengakomodir para pendengarnya, Radio Dakta 107 FM memberikan siaran-siaran yang bernuansa keislaman. Targetting Radio Dakta 107 FM menggunakan dua cara yakni masukan dari para pendengar dan pemasang iklan yang disesuaikan dengan visi dan misi Islami. Target sasarannya adalah masyarakat Kota Bekasi dan pengendara mobil. Program unggulan Radio Dakta 107 FM adalah Dakta Pagi yang memberikan informasi terkini. Positioning Radio Dakta 107 FM adalah media informasi dengan konten relijius. Namun demi meningkatkan jumlah pendengar melalui website, Radio Dakta 107 FM melakukan konvergensi media dengan menggunakan siaran daring melalui streaming. Oleh karena itu Radio Dakta 107 FM memposisikan diri sebagai wadah yang menjembatani para pendengarnya. Kualitas program dapat dilihat dari sisi interaktif pendengar pada sesi tanya jawab. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan sebuah penelitian lanjut mengenai strategi pemasaran dengan konsep STP (Segmentasi, Penargetan, Pemosisian) Philip Kotler dan Rhenald Kasali.
STRATEGI PENCITRAAN PERUSAHAAN MELALUI PROGRAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (STUDI KASUS KEGIATAN MINI NURSERY PROGRAM PT LIPPO CIKARANG, TBK)
Authors: Wahyuni Devi , Yuniarti Tatik
Published: September 2024

On present the competitive rivalry era, a company is required to establish apositive corporate image on consumers. This positive image will implications on the level of sales and revenue, of company more ever customers satisfaction for customers. Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a this concept in which PT Lippo Cikarang, Inc. Integrates social and environmental concept implemented by Mini Nursery Program.
The purpose of this study to find out how the strategy of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of public relations PT Lippo Cikarang, Inc. in the nursery program (mini-nursery program), to analyze the role of public relations, analyze the  relevant  parties,  and  analyzed  the  mini-nursery  program  as  the  flagship program company. Strategies of CSR by PT Lippo Cikarang, Inc. used a model of planning John M. King is Rope (Research, Objectives, Programs, and Evaluation) on which the initial planning of the CSR activities undertaken.
Aplications CSR around Mini Nursery Program activities are conducted with 11 schools located around PT Lippo Cikarang, Inc. product positive image to the increasis in corporate investment as a developer which cares about the environment, it is proved by along the median line which includes the streets and cluster housing in the region looks green
Translation Techniques Used by Google Translate and Naver Papago in @Akunyakul Twitter Account
Authors: Andriani Delvi Gia , Setyaningsih Nina
Published: September 2024

The research aims to analyze the translation techniques and find similarities and differences between Google Translate provided by Twitter and Naver Papago ability to translate the nonstandard word contained in @akunyakul’s tweet. This research used Molina & Albir’s (2002) framework to analyze the type of translation techniques applied in translating 131 nonstandard words. The results reveal that there are 6 translation techniques used in translating nonstandard words: adaptation, established equivalent, generalization, literal translation, particularization, and transposition. The most applied translation technique is literal translation since the machines do not understand the context and language style of the tweets. Based on the analysis, the similarities are both machines generally apply the same technique to translate nonstandard words. Meanwhile, the difference is that Google Translate provided by Twitter succeeded in translating more nonstandard words than did Naver Papago. Therefore, it can be said that Google Translate provided by Twitter is better able to translate nonstandard words than Naver Papago. This research suggests that translation machines especially Google Translate provided by Twitter and Naver Papago improve their ability to translate nonstandard words, especially in terms of local language, shortened forms, gestures, common particles, slang words, and writing style.
On Using Self-Report Studies to Analyze Language Models
Authors: Pikuliak Matúš
Published: September 2024

We are at a curious point in time where our ability to build language models (LMs) has outpaced our ability to analyze them. We do not really know how to reliably determine their capabilities, biases, dangers, knowledge, and so on. The benchmarks we have are often overly specific, do not generalize well, and are susceptible to data leakage. Recently, I have noticed a trend of using self-report studies, such as various polls and questionnaires originally designed for humans, to analyze the properties of LMs. I think that this approach can easily lead to false results, which can be quite dangerous considering the current discussions on AI safety, governance, and regulation. To illustrate my point, I will delve deeper into several papers that employ self-report methodologies and I will try to highlight some of their weaknesses.
A novel assay of excess plasma kallikrein-kinin system activation in hereditary angioedema
Authors: Sexton Dan , Faucette Ryan , Rivera-Hernandez Melody , Kenniston Jon A. , Papaioannou Nikolaos , Cosic Janja , Kopacz Kris , Salmon Gary , Beauchemin Chantal , Juethner Salomé , Yeung Dave
Published: September 2024

Background

Cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen (HKa) is a disease state biomarker of kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) activation in patients with hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1INH), the endogenous inhibitor of plasma kallikrein (PKa).

Objective

Develop an HKa-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to monitor KKS activation in the plasma of HAE-C1INH patients.

Methods

A novel HKa-specific antibody was discovered by antibody phage display and used as a capture reagent to develop an HKa-specific ELISA.

Results

Specific HKa detection following KKS activation was observed in plasma from healthy controls but not in prekallikrein-, high-molecular-weight kininogen-, or coagulation factor XII (FXII)-deficient plasma. HKa levels in plasma collected from HAE-C1INH patients in a disease quiescent state were higher than in plasma from healthy controls and increased further in HAE-C1INH plasma collected during an angioedema attack. The specificity of the assay for PKa-mediated HKa generation in minimally diluted plasma activated with exogenous FXIIa was demonstrated using a specific monoclonal antibody inhibitor (lanadelumab, IC50 = 0.044 µM).

Conclusions

An ELISA was developed for the specific and quantitative detection of HKa in human plasma to support HAE-C1INH drug development. Improved quantification of the HKa biomarker may facilitate further pathophysiologic insight into HAE-C1INH and other diseases mediated by a dysregulated KKS and may enable the design of highly potent inhibitors targeting this pathway.
Engineering bacterial theranostics: from logic gates to in vivo applications
Authors: Armstrong Angus , Isalan Mark
Published: September 2024

Over the past 2 decades, rapid advances in synthetic biology have enabled the design of increasingly intricate and biologically relevant systems with broad applications in healthcare. A growing area of interest is in designing bacteria that sense and respond to endogenous disease-associated signals, creating engineered theranostics that function as disease surveyors for human health. In particular, engineered cells hold potential in facilitating greatly enhanced temporal and spatial control over the release of a range of therapeutics. Such systems are particularly useful for targeting challenging, under-drugged disease targets in a more nuanced manner than is currently possible. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the design, delivery, and dynamics of bacterial theranostics to enable safe, robust, and genetically tractable therapies to treat disease. It outlines the primary challenges in theranostic clinical translation, proposes strategies to overcome these issues, and explores promising future avenues for the field.
Exploring Burkholderia pseudomallei-specific bacteriophages: overcoming O-antigen specificity and adaptive mutation in phage tail fiber
Authors: Khrongsee Pacharapong , Kaewrakmuk Jedsada , Alami-Rose Mariam , Subramaniam Kuttichantran , Waltzek Thomas B. , Schweizer Herbert P. , Tuanyok Apichai
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative bacterium inhabiting soil and fresh water, is the causative agent of melioidosis, a formidable disease in the tropics. The emergence of antibiotic resistance and the extended duration of treatment, up to 20 weeks, have posed significant challenges in combatting melioidosis. As an alternative approach, bacteriophage therapy is being explored.

Methods

To identify the most promising bacteriophage for future therapeutic applications, we designed a screening process to address the barrier of phage specificity due to the O-antigen receptor diversity. By using two biosafe strains, Bp82 (O-antigen type A) and 576mn (O-antigen type B), to represent the major serotype A and B, we screened 145 phage samples collected from soil and water in southern Thailand.

Results

Ten of them demonstrated the ability to overcome differences in O-antigen types, yielding positive plaques formed on culture of both bacterial strains. Subsequently, we isolated 22 bacteriophages from these samples, one was adaptively mutated during the screening process, named ΦPK23V1, which had the ability to infect up to 83.3% (115/138) of tested B. pseudomallei strains, spanning both serogroups. Employing a panel of surface polysaccharide antigen mutant strains, we explored the role of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and O-antigens as essential components for phage infection. All isolated phages were classified into the P2-like myophage group. Additionally, our research revealed a point mutation in the phage tail fiber gene (gpH), expanding the host range of ΦPK23V1, even in the absence of CPS and O-antigens.

Discussion

However, it was evident that ΦPK23V1 is a lysogenic phage, which cannot be readily applied for therapeutic use. This discovery sheds light on the receptor binding domain of P2-like bacteriophages in B. pseudomallei. Collectively, our study has identified bacteriophages with a broad host range within B. pseudomallei strains, enhancing our understanding of phage–host interactions and offering insights into the role of the phage tail fiber gene in host cell entry.
An interpretable deep learning framework identifies proteomic drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Panizza Elena , Cerione Richard A.
Published: September 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading neurodegenerative pathology in aged individuals, but many questions remain on its pathogenesis, and a cure is still not available. Recent research efforts have generated measurements of multiple omics in individuals that were healthy or diagnosed with AD. Although machine learning approaches are well-suited to handle the complexity of omics data, the models typically lack interpretability. Additionally, while the genetic landscape of AD is somewhat more established, the proteomic landscape of the diseased brain is less well-understood. Here, we establish a deep learning method that takes advantage of an ensemble of autoencoders (AEs) — EnsembleOmicsAE–to reduce the complexity of proteomics data into a reduced space containing a small number of latent features. We combine brain proteomic data from 559 individuals across three AD cohorts and demonstrate that the ensemble autoencoder models generate stable latent features which are well-suited for downstream biological interpretation. We present an algorithm to calculate feature importance scores based on the iterative scrambling of individual input features (i.e., proteins) and show that the algorithm identifies signaling modules (AE signaling modules) that are significantly enriched in protein–protein interactions. The molecular drivers of AD identified within the AE signaling modules derived with EnsembleOmicsAE were missed by linear methods, including integrin signaling and cell adhesion. Finally, we characterize the relationship between the AE signaling modules and the age of death of the patients and identify a differential regulation of vimentin and MAPK signaling in younger compared with older AD patients.
Highlighting multicomponent reactions as an efficient and facile alternative route in the chemical synthesis of organic-based molecules: a tremendous growth in the past 5 years
Authors: Mohlala Reagan Lehlogonolo , Rashamuse Thompho Jason , Coyanis Elena Mabel
Published: September 2024

Since Strecker’s discovery of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) in 1850, the strategy of applying an MCR approach has been in use for over a century. Due to their ability to quickly develop molecular diversity and structural complexity of interest, MCRs are considered an efficient approach in organic synthesis. Although MCRs such as the Ugi, Passerini, Biginelli, and Hantzsch reactions are widely studied, this review emphasizes the significance of selective MCRs to elegantly produce organic compounds of potential use in medicinal chemistry and industrial and material science applications, as well as the use of the MCR approach to sustainable methods. During synthesis, MCRs provide advantages such as atom economy, recyclable catalysts, moderate conditions, preventing waste, and avoiding solvent use. MCRs also reduce the number of sequential multiple reactions to one step.
Intratumoral and fecal microbiota reveals microbial markers associated with gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Wang Yue , Han Wenjie , Han Mengzhen , Liu Xiaolin , Dai Jianying , Dong Yuesheng , Sun Tao , Xu Junnan
Published: September 2024

Background

The relationship between dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and gastric cancer (GC) has been extensively studied. However, microbiota alterations in GC patients vary widely across studies, and reproducible diagnostic biomarkers for early GC are still lacking in multiple populations. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the gastrointestinal microbial communities involved in gastric carcinogenesis through a meta-analysis of multiple published and open datasets.

Methods

We analyzed 16S rRNA sequencing data from 1,642 gastric biopsy samples and 394 stool samples across 11 independent studies. VSEARCH, QIIME and R packages such as vegan, phyloseq, cooccur, and random forest were used for data processing and analysis. PICRUSt software was employed to predict functions.

Results

The α-diversity results indicated significant differences in the intratumoral microbiota of cancer patients compared to non-cancer patients, while no significant differences were observed in the fecal microbiota. Network analysis showed that the positive correlation with GC-enriched bacteria increased, and the positive correlation with GC-depleted bacteria decreased compared to healthy individuals. Functional analyses indicated that pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism were significantly enriched in GC, while biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids was diminished. Additionally, we investigated non-Helicobacter pylori (HP) commensals, which are crucial in both HP-negative and HP-positive GC. Random forest models, constructed using specific taxa associated with GC identified from the LEfSe analysis, revealed that the combination of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus included alone could effectively discriminate between GC patients and healthy individuals in fecal samples (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.7949). This finding was also validated in an independent cohort (AUC = 0.7712).

Conclusions

This study examined the intratumoral and fecal microbiota of GC patients from a dual microecological perspective and identified Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium and Phascolarctobacterium as intratumoral and intestinal-specific co-differential bacteria. Furthermore, it confirmed the validity of the combination of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus as GC-specific microbial markers across multiple populations, which may aid in the early non-invasive diagnosis of GC.
SNX27:Retromer:ESCPE-1-mediated early endosomal tubulation impacts cytomegalovirus replication
Authors: Štimac Igor , Marcelić Marina , Radić Barbara , Viduka Ivona , Blagojević Zagorac Gordana , Lukanović Jurić Silvija , Rožmanić Carmen , Messerle Martin , Brizić Ilija , Lučin Pero , Mahmutefendić Lučin Hana
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) extensively reorganize the membrane system of the cell and establish a new structure as large as the cell nucleus called the assembly compartment (AC). Our previous studies on murine CMV (MCMV)-infected fibroblasts indicated that the inner part of the AC contains rearranged early endosomes, recycling endosomes, endosomal recycling compartments and trans-Golgi membrane structures that are extensively tubulated, including the expansion and retention of tubular Rab10 elements. An essential process that initiates Rab10-associated tubulation is cargo sorting and retrieval mediated by SNX27, Retromer, and ESCPE-1 (endosomal SNX-BAR sorting complex for promoting exit 1) complexes.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SNX27:Retromer:ESCPE-1 complexes in the biogenesis of pre-AC in MCMV-infected cells and subsequently their role in secondary envelopment and release of infectious virions.

Results

Here we show that SNX27:Retromer:ESCPE1-mediated tubulation is essential for the establishment of a Rab10-decorated subset of membranes within the pre-AC, a function that requires an intact F3 subdomain of the SNX27 FERM domain. Suppression of SNX27-mediated functions resulted in an almost tenfold decrease in the release of infectious virions. However, these effects cannot be directly linked to the contribution of SNX27:Retromer:ESCPE-1-dependent tubulation to the secondary envelopment, as suppression of these components, including the F3-FERM domain, led to a decrease in MCMV protein expression and inhibited the progression of the replication cycle.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a novel and important function of membrane tubulation within the pre-AC associated with the control of viral protein expression.
Revealing the association between East Asian oral microbiome and colorectal cancer through Mendelian randomization and multi-omics analysis
Authors: Gu Yuheng , Jiang Lai , Shui Min , Luo Honghao , Zhou Xuancheng , Zhang Shengke , Jiang Chenglu , Huang Jinbang , Chen Haiqing , Tang Jingyi , Fu Yiping , Luo Huiyan , Yang Guanhu , Xu Ke , Chi Hao , Liu Jie , Huang Shangke
Published: September 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a global health threat, with the oral microbiome increasingly implicated in its pathogenesis. This study leverages Mendelian Randomization (MR) to explore causal links between oral microbiota and CRC using data from the China National GeneBank and Biobank Japan. By integrating multi-omics approaches, we aim to uncover mechanisms by which the microbiome influences cellular metabolism and cancer development.

Methods

We analyzed microbiome profiles from 2017 tongue and 1915 saliva samples, and GWAS data for 6692 CRC cases and 27178 controls. Significant bacterial taxa were identified via MR analysis. Single-cell RNA sequencing and enrichment analyses elucidated underlying pathways, and drug predictions identified potential therapeutics.

Results

MR identified 19 bacterial taxa significantly associated with CRC. Protective effects were observed in taxa like RUG343 and Streptococcus_umgs_2425, while HOT-345_umgs_976 and W5053_sp000467935_mgs_712 increased CRC risk. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed key pathways, including JAK-STAT signaling and tyrosine metabolism. Drug prediction highlighted potential therapeutics like Menadione Sodium Bisulfite and Raloxifene.

Conclusion

This study establishes the critical role of the oral microbiome in colorectal cancer development, identifying specific microbial taxa linked to CRC risk. Single-cell RNA sequencing and drug prediction analyses further elucidate key pathways and potential therapeutics, providing novel insights and personalized treatment strategies for CRC.
Coupling of anticipation and breathing in expert flute performance: the influence of musical structure and practice
Authors: Cara Michel A. , Mitrovic Divna
Published: September 2024

Introduction

In this study, we examined the cognitive processes and physiological responses involved in learning a flute piece by the composer Charles Koechlin among musicians of different expertise levels. Participants performed the piece four times consecutively, with a 2-min practice interval between the first and the second trial.

Methods

Using data obtained from an eye tracker, respiratory sensors, and an audio recorder we assessed short-term improvement and the effect of musical structure and practice on key variables identified through a multivariate approach: eye-hand span (EHS), time index of EHS, thoracic and abdominal amplitude (breathing patterns) and pupil dilation.

Results

The analysis revealed two main dimensions: one associated with EHS; and the other with embodied responses to music, closely linked to breathing patterns and pupil dilation. We found an effect of musical structure on all the variables studied, while the EHS improved with practice. Expert musicians demonstrated enhanced EHS and adapted their breathing patterns more effectively to the music's structure.

Discussion

These insights support the hypothesis of a coupling between anticipation and breathing, emphasizing the role of perceptual and embodied components in music reading and learning.
A comparative study of the clinical benefits of rivaroxaban and dabigatran in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation with high bleeding risk
Authors: Liu Penghui
Published: September 2024

Objective

Rivaroxaban and dabigatran are approved to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). However, the clinical benefits of rivaroxaban and dabigatran in people with high bleeding risk are unclear.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on NVAF patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 31, 2016 to May 31, 2019. These patients had a high risk of bleeding and were taking at least one study medication. The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical benefits by comparing the efficacy and safety risks of these two medications

Results

A total of 1,301 patients with high bleeding risk were enrolled, including 787 patients in the rivaroxaban group and 514 patients in the dabigatran group. Results of the primary efficacy benefit endpoint were obtained from 104 patients (13.21%) in the rivaroxaban group and 81 (15.76%) patients in the dabigatran group [hazard ratio (HR): 0.860; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.637–1.162; P = 0.327], this indicates that there was no significant difference between dabigatran and rivaroxaban in preventing stroke and systemic embolism in patients with high bleeding risk NVAF. The principal safety end points were observed in 49 (6.23%) patients in the rivaroxaban group and in 36 (7.00%) patients in the dabigatran group (HR: 0.801 in the rivaroxaban group; 95% CI: 0.512–1.255; P = 0.333), this indicates that there was no a significant difference in reducing fatal bleeding and critical organ bleeding. With respect to secondary efficacy and benefit endpoints, 28 (3.56%) patients in the rivaroxaban group and 26 (5.06%) patients in the dabigatran group died, with an HR of 0.725 (95% CI: 0.425–1.238; P = 0.239); 32 (4.07%) patients in the rivaroxaban group; and 31 (6.03%) patients in the dabigatran group had myocardial infarction (MI), with an HR of 0.668 (95% CI: 0.405–1.102, P = 0.114) in the rivaroxaban group, this indicates that there was no significant difference between dabigatran and rivaroxaban in preventing all-cause death and MI.

Conclusions

In NVAF patients with high bleeding risk, there was no significant difference between dabigatran and rivaroxaban in preventing stroke and systemic embolism. There was also no significant difference between dabigatran and rivaroxaban in reducing fatal and critical organ bleeding.

Clinical Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, identifier ChiCTR2100052454.
Concomitant ablation for non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: combined energy versus cryoablation alone
Authors: Tsaroev Bashir , Sharifulin Ravil , Afanasyev Alexander , Khrushchev Sergey , Murtazaliev Murtazali , Lovtsova Darya , Kashapov Robert , Ruzankin Pavel , Mustaev Muslim , Bogachev-Prokophiev Alexander
Published: September 2024

Background

Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation has been the most efficient treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). Combined energy (CE) ablation and cryoablation alone (CA) are the most common energy modes used for ablation, however, comparative data is lacking.

Objectives

To compare the efficacy of CE ablation with CA in the setting of concomitant biatrial ablation for non-paroxysmal AF.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 453 patients with non-paroxysmal AF undergone concomitant biatrial ablation from November 2007 to December 2022 during elective cardiac surgery using either combined bipolar radiofrequency with cryoenergy or cryoenergy alone was performed. Propensity score matching was conducted to balance the covariates in the groups.

Results

There were 157 patients per group after matching. CE ablation was associated with lower odds of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence (OR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.02–0.91, p = 0.040), a significantly lower rate of hospital readmissions due to rhythm disruption (HR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.18–0.65, p < 0.001), and lower cumulative incidence of stroke (SHR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.15–0.97, p = 0.043). No significant difference in permanent pacemaker implantation was observed between the two groups.

Conclusions

In the setting of concomitant biatrial ablation for non-paroxysmal AF, combined bipolar radiofrequency and cryoablation appear to be a superior treatment modality compared to cryoablation alone in achieving long-term freedom from atrial arrhythmias, in reducing arrhythmia-related hospital readmissions and ischemic strokes.
Complex lava tube networks developed within the 1792–93 lava flow field on Mount Etna (Italy): insights for hazard assessment
Authors: Calvari S. , Giudice G. , Maugeri R. , Messina D. , Morgavi D. , Miraglia L. , La Spina A. , Spampinato L.
Published: September 2024

Lava tubes are powerful heat insulators, allowing lava to practically keep the initial temperature and travel longer distances than when freely flowing on the ground surface. It is thus extremely important to recognize how, when and where these structures form within a lava flow field for hazard assessment purposes, in order to plan possible interventions should a lava flow approach inhabited areas. Often being formed within thick and complex lava flow fields, lava tubes are difficult to detect, study and explore. In this study, we analyse the 1792–93 Etna lava flow field emplaced on a steep slope (>4°) which comprises several lava tubes located at different distances from the eruptive fissure, at different levels within the lava flow field, and showing various inner morphologies, with peculiar inner features related to their maturity and eruptive history. Our aim is to verify whether it is possible to connect the underground features with features observed on the lava flow surface in order to reconstruct the extension of the tube network and unravel the genetic processes. Our results show that, in the studied lava flow field, a clear correspondence is possible between shallow tubes emplaced late during the lava flow field growth and surface textures. In addition, vertical and horizontal tube capture is very widespread, and might be the primary process for lava tube persistence and long life. Our results might be applicable to other lava tubes on Earth and other rocky planets.