bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHENOMICS. ETIOLOGY OF HUMAN ORGANISM FUNCTIONAL STATES UNDER THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Authors: Marasanov Aleksandr V. , Valtseva E. A.
Published: October 2019

The article based on the analysis and synthesis of scientific works regarding the theory of adaptation offers the detailed description of the development of functional responses of the human organism under the impact of environmental factors. Three types of responses are considered: nonspecific reaction of human organism, specific response of the human organism and response of the human organism to specificity of a factor. The article is focused on form for the rationale for specific response of the human organism. It is due to the fact that in scientific literature in the capacity of such response it is often assumed the response of the human organism to specificity of an operating environmental factor. Development of responses is shown on the basis of a phenome - phenotypical model of the human organism. The model is described by norms of the response of the main systems of human organism and the scheme of an orientation of interaction of these systems among themselves. On its basis the logic of a pathogenesis of noninfectious diseases is considered. The development of both nonspecific, and specific responses of the human organism including responses to the specificity of a factor is show to occur according to the universal stereotypic scheme presented in the article. The purpose and the result of this work is the development of the common theory of adaptation of human organism to the impact of environmental factors. Knowledge of mechanisms of the development of changes of the functional condition of systems of the human organism in response to the risk factor opens a way to the creation of the mathematical model of the process of the prediction of functional violations promoting the development of noninfectious diseases and other adverse deviations from the state of health. Monitoring of the functional condition of human organism and knowledge of relationships of cause and effect of the functional changes will allow doctors, trainers and teachers to avoid the negative consequences in their practical activities
SCIENTIFIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL-METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AS THE INTEGRATIVE DIRECTION OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICAL HEALTH CARE
Authors: Rakhmanin Yury A. , Bobrovnitskiy I. P.
Published: October 2019

The article considers historical, scientific-methodological and organizational aspects of the formation of a new direction for medical science and practical public health care - the “environmental medicine” (EM) for Russia. The strategic goal of the concept of the departmental program for the development of the EM, the tasks of the development of the EM in the implementation of the Climate Doctrine of Russia, the Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation until 2020 have been determined. The main groups of environmental threats to public health are considered. Approaches to the creation of a system for training medical and scientific personnel in the specialty “environmental medicine” are suggested.
THE FORMATION OF THE OPTIMAL LIGHT ENVIRONMENT IS THE ACTUAL HYGIENIC PROBLEM
Authors: Kaptsov Valery A. , Deynego V. N.
Published: October 2019

The light environment with respect to time of the exposure is shown to affect the formation of myopia in the young generation in a number of countries that effectively implemented energy-saving lamps. There are both considered mechanisms of the negative impact of artificial light on the human eye and formed the requirements for an optimal light environment which will contribute to the reducing the risk of the development of myopia. The spectral composition of the light environment must be adequate spectrum of sunlight with color temperatures below 4000K, the light levels should be chosen by the principle for comfort lighting.
ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICALS TO THE CUMULATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF THEIR MOLECULES
Authors: Kharchevnikova Nina V. , Zholdakova Z. I. , Zhurko V. I. , Fedortsova D. Yu. , Blinova V. G.
Published: October 2019

The relationships between the capacity of chemicals to cumulate a toxic effect (functional cumulation) and the structure of their molecules were investigated. In the process of substantiation of safe levels (MAC) of substances in water this capacity is characterized by the cumulation hazard class (later in the text - hazard class). This class is stated to be depend on the value of the relationship between the mean lethal dose of the acute experiment and the threshold dose of the chronic experiment. The experimental study of a huge amount of new chemicals in the chronic experiments is a very difficult task, thus the study of the possibility to predict the hazard class of a chemical is of great scientific and practical interest. By using a logical combinatorial method JSM, named in honor of an English logic J.S. Mill, the structural groups in molecules, determining the appurtenance of these chemicals to a hazard class were identified and the possibility of the prediction of the hazard class of a chemical belonging to a definite structural array, containing such structural group were investigated. The training dataset (583 compounds) was automatically derived from the database WATERTOX, containing the data on acute and chronic toxicity for about 2000 substances. The results suggest the JSM method to be limitedly applicable for the determination of a hazard class of an untested chemical using this heterogeneous training dataset because we were unable to unambiguously derive the list of chemicals belonging to the class of moderately hazard substances. The chemical in some cases was predicted to belong to one or other of the neighboring classes. However taking in mind this uncertainty, the accuracy of the method evaluated, when using the “leave-one-out” method was 78%. Nevertheless the JSM method enables us to find structural subgroups “responsible” for the functional cumulation. The relation of the hazard class of a chemical belonging to a definite structural class with its structure and the possibility of the prediction of an untested chemical hazard class are demonstrated. The prognosis of the hazard classes for chemicals belonging to several structural sets including the anthraquinone derivatives, phthalimides, perfluorated aliphatic compounds, chlorosubstituted phenols, phenylureas is performed.
METHODICAL QUESTIONS OF THE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF AIR POLLUTION ON THE POPULATION’S HEALTH
Authors: Sabirova Zulfya F. , Budarina O. V. , Vinokurov M. V. , Fattachova N. F.
Published: October 2019

On the basis of the analysis and an assessment of publications devoted to the impact of the pollution of atmospheric air on the population’s health and results of own researches in the field of oil processing, petrochemistry, chemistry, metallurgy insufficient informational content and validity of evidential base of “exposition - answer” dependence is established. Methodical questions allowing interpret correctly results of a quantitative assessment of the influence of chemical pollution on the population’s health are considered. The characteristic of informational content, choice criteria of air pollution indices and the state of the population’s health, methods of an assessment and statistical processing of results are given. Advantages of calculated models to study and the description of air pollution are shown.
THE IMPORTANCE OF GEROHYGIENE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS
Authors: Sorokin Genady A.
Published: October 2019

A consistent criterion and scale are proposed for the identification and comparative evaluation of occupational, environmental and social factors affecting human health. With the aid of the criterion for the annual risk increase (ARI) it is possible to determine harmful effects of factors of the environment by means of the measurement of the rate of the gain in the population risk for chronic health problems. For the hygienic assessment in a unitary scale of ARI values for a number of diseases there are used control and background values characterizing the age-related trend in the risk of these diseases in the absence of harmful exogenous factors. The application of the criteria and ARI scale is illustrated by the data on age dynamics of the risk of chronic bronchitis in dockers-drivers, the dynamics of the risk of long-term diseases with the temporary disability (workers, specialists, leaders of industrial enterprises in acceptable and hazardous conditions), the dynamics of the risk of chronic fatigue syndrome (working in harmful conditions, smoking and non-smoking women, women living near heavy traffic). The amount of the ARI for the chronic fatigue under exposure to occupational and non-occupational can coincide.
EFFECT OF IRON IN DRINKING WATER ON THE MORBIDITY RATE IN THE POPULATION OF THE CITY OF OREL
Authors: Egorova Nataliya A. , Kanatnikova N. V.
Published: October 2019

The population of the city of Orеl consumes drinking underground water of Zadonsko-Optuhovsky and Voronezh-Livny aquifers with natural iron content, annual mean levels of which over the observation period from 2007 to 2015 exceeded the maximum allowable concentration (0.3 mg/l) by 1.03 to 1.43 times, with a maximum of 3.67 to 17.7 times. Although an elevated iron content in drinking water has been considered primarily in terms of organoleptic changes, several sanitary studies of recent years have revealed the prolonged use of water containing iron in concentrations, which exceed the maximum allowable ones, to scale up overall morbidity as well as the development of blood, skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases, musculoskeletal problems, digestive, urogenital system and allergic disorders. There are many reports concerning causes and the harm to human organism due to iron overload, and largely explanation of the possibility of developing the above types of pathology. The purpose of the study is to identify relationships between levels of total iron content in drinking water and the morbidity rate of the population of the city of Orel. Investigations were executed with the use a correlation analysis. For the period from 2007 to 2015, there were revealed direct correlation relationships between the annual average concentrations of iron in drinking water and the total morbidity rate of children and adults as well as 11 types of non-infectious pathologies, including diseases of the respiratory and urogenital system, atopic dermatitis, reactive arthropathies and eczema in children; diseases of blood and blood-forming organs, reactive arthropathies, gastritis and duodenitis in adolescents, stenocardia, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, gastritis, duodenitis and liver diseases in adults. The correlation coefficients amounted to from 0.66 to 0.86, with an accuracy of 0.01-0.05. These relationships may be causal in nature, as it was proved by similar results obtained in the Tula region, Primorsky Krai, and Sverdlovsk region where the population uses ground water with a high iron content. Apparently, it should be more careful in the assessment of the elevated iron content in drinking water from a hygienic viewpoint and must focus, among other things, on its possible causal relations with the morbidity rates of the population, rather than scrutinizing primarily its impact on the organoleptic water properties.
COMPARATIVE DATA OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE APPROVED METHOD AND ITS MODIFICATION FOR THE PARASITOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SOIL FOR THE AVAILABILITY OF HELMINTH EGGS
Authors: Kuznetsova Kamalya Yu. , Aslanova M. M. , Gritsuk O. V. , Zhnakina Zh. V. , Kuznetsova M. A.
Published: October 2019

There are comparative results of sanitary-parasitological studies of the soil in parallel test versions with the use of approved method (Romanenko, 1991.) and its modifications. There were obtained data confirming the decline in the efficiency of sanitary and parasitological research method of the soil (Romanenko, 1991) at the stage of repeated washing of the sample to 59%, the use of non-standardized procedures and aggravation of the technique due to the use of non-standard laboratory products. The efficiency of the soil examination for helminth eggs during the technical modification of the approved method (Romanenko, 1991) accounted of 65%. Modification of the individual procedures of a course of studies of the soil reduces the time costs of their performance, the excessive consumption of reagents, provides standardization of the number of studies from the same soil samples.
SOCIO-HYGIENIC MONITORING AND INFORMATION ANALYSIS SYSTEMS SUPPORTING THE HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT AND A RISK-FOCUSED MODEL OF SUPERVISORY ACTIVITIES IN THE SPHERE OF SECURING SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC PUBLIC WELFARE
Authors: Kuzmin S. V. , Gurvich V. B. , Dikonskaya O. V. , Nikonov B. I. , Malykh Olga L. , Yarushin S. V. , Kuzmina E. A. , Kochneva N. I. , Kornilkov A. S.
Published: October 2019

In the Sverdlovsk Region, the concept of information support of decision making in health risk management for the population is based on the development of the system of socio-hygienic monitoring created in 1991. At the current stage, elaboration of the system is aimed at adequate management of risks and threats to population health and information support of the risk-focused model of supervisory activities in the sphere of security of sanitary and epidemiologic public welfare. The article presents results of socio-hygienic monitoring and recommendations for its improvement at the level of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. We also formulate tasks to be fulfilled in the support of the development of the system of socio-hygienic monitoring.
THE INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT AT THE REGIONAL AND MUNICIPAL LEVELS
Authors: Malykh Olga L. , Kochneva N. I. , Nikonov B. I. , Shevchik A. A. , Tsepilova T. M.
Published: October 2019

A system of measures aimed at the management of public health risks caused by adverse environmental factors identified by socio-hygienic monitoring has been created and successfully implemented in the Sverdlovsk Region. Priority tasks and measures for subjects of management for securing sanitary and epidemiologic welfare and health risk management are substantiated annually in the system of socio-hygienic monitoring based on results of the system analysis and risk assessment. The article demonstrates economic and the social relevance of their implementation and prospects of introduction.
A SYSTEM APPROACH TO CARCINOGENIC RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT FOR METALLURGICAL WORKERS EMPLOYED IN VARIOUS BLISTER COPPER PRODUCTION PROCESSES
Authors: Adrianovsky V. I. , Kuzmina E. A. , Zlygosteva N. V. , Boyarsky A. P. , Lipatov G. Ya.
Published: October 2019

The paper presents results of the application of the system approach to carcinogenic risk assessment and management based on the identification carcinogens, prediction carcinogenic effects and rationale for targeted preventive and curative measures. Evidence from metallurgical shops where various blister copper production processes are used regardless of the existing smelting technologies shows the risk of cancer to be Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeingeptable even when the working conditions are classified as permissible (class 2) in terms of chemical factors. The highest carcinogenic risk values are observed for occupations with workplaces characterized by a significant release of dust, arsenic being the main risk contributor. In cases of the blast furnace and reverberatory furnace smelting, carcinogenic risks for workers with a 25-year length of employment exceed the permissible level by 17.6 and 28.8 times, respectively, and in the case of bath smelting, carcinogenic risks exceed the permissible level by 5.1 times. The maximum length of employment for bath smelting shop workers amounts to 5.14 years, being by 1.42 and 0.89 years higher than that for the blast furnace and reverberatory furnace smelting shop workers, respectively. The observed cancer mortality rates exceed significantly the expected mortality rates for the tumor of all sites in cases of combined and respiratory cancers. The highest cancer mortality rates were recorded for batch loaders (60%) and smelter (40%) with the highest predicted carcinogenic risk values. Cancer-specific marker levels higher normal ones were detected in 73% of workers from the increased individual carcinogenic risk group. The proposed system approach to carcinogenic risk assessment and management will make it possible to try out components of the risk-based approach in the supervisory activities at industrial facilities with exposure to carcinogens, to establish the acceptable risk levels depending on the length of employment, identify the priority carcinogens; it will also allow indicating a rationale for additional testing for occupational carcinogenesis predictors as part of routine medical examination procedures and to develop preventive measures against key risk factors.
ABOUT METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC EFFICACY OF THE DECLINE OF HEALTH RISK FOR OCCUPATIONAL PATHOLOGY
Authors: Shastin Aleksandr S. , Gazimova V. G. , Oransky I. E. , Kashanskaya E. P. , Shevchik A. A.
Published: October 2019

Methods and techniques for health risk assessment and management are becoming essential to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population and the health gain. These methods and techniques are fully applicable to the field associated with effects of occupational exposure to health. Targeted risk-based preventive and curative measures for workplace health risk management make it possible to achieve cost-effective results in the prevention occupational disease by means of using available medical technologies. The paper presents methodological approaches to economic impact analysis and its results in the context of the implementation the action plan for preventive and curative measures to reduce the risk of occupational diseases in workers employed in mining and smelting sectors.
Factors African American Men Identify as Hindering Completion of a Graduate (MSW) Degree
Authors: Dinnerson Quincy
Published: October 2019

Using semi-structured interviews, 15 African American men were interviewed with the goal of understanding factors that hinder African American males from completing a graduate social work degree (MSW). Afrocentricity theory, which gives authority to Black ideals and values, was used in this qualitative, exploratory study as a framework of organization. Important results fell under three major categories of isolation, racism, and social work curriculum. Statements from men such as “It's hard because people look at you as if you are speaking for everybody but you are speaking from your experience” describe isolation. The men also described racism in many scenarios, one in particular: “I was asked by one of my peers was I awarded advance standing because I was a minority.” In viewing the social work curriculum, some of the men thought, “The curriculum assumed I was female or white male.” Another obstacle shared by the men was financial hardships. Strengths emphasized in the men's statements were the need for support and mentorship. Implications of these findings coming from the respondents' comments suggest additional research and a more inclusive teaching as practice for the social work profession are needed.
Open Universities: Old Concepts and Contemporary Challenges
Authors: Daniel John Sagar
Published: October 2019

We begin by summarising Prasad’s (2018) work on the disconnect between the social purposes of open universities and their achievement. Next, we will revisit the concept of the iron triangle from the 1990s, which explores the three topics access, cost, and quality. How does it apply to distance education conducted with today’s technologies? A distinction made in the 1970s between independent and interactive learning activities helps us pursue this question further. A discussion among open university executive heads from around the world in 2017 sets the stage for the final section, which reflects on the current challenges facing open universities. How should they address the competition from the rapidly expanding online offerings of campus institutions? We review economic models, the use of technology, governance and management arrangements, and teaching. The successful systems conceived by the UK Open University in the late 1960s stimulated the creation of many other open universities. How should they be updated today?
A Tour of Open Universities Through Literature
Authors: Hinojo Lucena Francisco Javier , Aznar Díaz Inmaculada , Cáceres Reche María Pilar , Romero Rodríguez José María
Published: October 2019

Since open universities can adapt to students’ work schedules, personal preferences, age, and so on, they have facilitated access to education for a large group of people. The open university phenomenon, which arose in the 1960s, fostered countries’ cultural growth; higher education was now longer exclusively for a privileged few. This paper presents a bibliometric study on the existing scientific output on open universities throughout the last 40 years. A bespoke methodology of bibliometric studies has been used, by setting key descriptors to be consulted in the most prestigious scientific database Web of Science. The sample was composed of 809 papers in total, indexed in prestigious journals and published during the period 1969 to 2018. The output, scattering, and impact bibliometric indicators were analysed in those papers. Among the results obtained, it was found that scientific output on open universities is in a phase of exponential growth, in which 2015 was the most productive year. Furthermore, the UK, where the phenomenon of open universities started, is the country with the most scientific output. Finally, the bibliometric study of the output indexed in the Web of Science shows a panoramic vision of the past, present, and future of open universities, emphasising the idea that this phenomenon is continuing to grow.
Maturity Levels of Student Support E- Services Within an Open Distance E-learning University
Authors: Nsamba Asteria
Published: October 2019

The University of South Africa (UNISA) is one of the distance education universities that is shifting from open distance learning (ODL) to open distance e-learning (ODeL). UNISA started as a correspondence institution in the 1950s and it has since evolved into an ODeL university. The aim of this research was to assess and determine the maturity levels of UNISA lecturers’ and tutors’ explorations of various forms of e-learning technologies to support students in an ODeL environment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 academic staff members. A hybrid approach involving inductive and deductive reasoning was used to guide the whole research process. The online course design maturity model (OCDMM) was modified and adapted in order to guide data collection, data analysis, and the interpretation of results. The results of the study indicate that the maturity levels of UNISA’s student support e-learning technologies are at the basic levels of the maturity assessment framework for open distance e-learning. It is hoped that the results of this research will serve as a starting point that the University can use to constantly measure improvements made in advancing e-learning activities.
Rethinking Open Universities
Authors: Jeong Hanmo
Published: October 2019

This paper considers the current state of the United Kingdom Open University (UKOU) and the implications for the evolution of higher education, whether through open or traditional institutions. Although 50 years have passed since the establishment of UKOU, the first open university, such institutions seem to be losing their ground, notably because they face challenges in creating a clear identity for themselves. By definition, they have been distinguished from traditional universities by offering both open access and open admission. However, some cases of open access (i.e., distance teaching through the adoption of various technologies) are found in China, South Africa, the USSR, and the US. Even so, the introduction of open admission policies can be considered a core feature of open universities. Such policies have been criticized for creating a so-called revolving door, with students failing almost immediately. To counteract this, UKOU developed a particular quality assurance system, which allowed them to be an authoritative higher education institution. Specifically, they structured regional networks with shared responsibilities, to offer all the elements that make up a university including headquarters, regional offices, and even spaces for students. This form of networked university is what differentiates open universities from the traditional university model and constitutes a unique feature of this type of educational institution.
Notes on Yurumanguí grammar and lexicon
Authors: Urban Matthias
Published: October 2019

In this article, I offer a contribution to the philological study of premodern materials of languages of South America that have already become extinct. I am concerned with the Yurumanguí language, whose speakers were encountered in the 18th century in the western lowlands of Colombia by a Spanish expedition. This encounter resulted in the production of a short collection of words and phrases by a priest which is analyzed here anew. Problems of inconsistent and likely highly inadequate orthographic representation of the speech of the Yurumanguí informants and other problems, in this case, make it highly difficult to arrive at consistent analyses, as I show throughout my highly tentative discussion of nominal and verbal morphosyntax. I also offer external comparisons for some of the available Yurumanguí lexical material. Far from being able to demonstrate the genetic connections of the language, such comparisons do allow to identify items the Yurumanguí language shared with neighboring languages and hence to situate it within the former linguistic ecology of this part of South America.
C4 Space-Time.. A Window to New Physics?
Authors: Mastoridis Dimitris , Kalogirou K.
Published: October 2019

We explore the possibility to form a physical theory in C4. We argue that the expansion of our usual 4-d real space-time to a 4-d complex space-time, can serve us to describe geometrically electromagnetism and unify it with gravity, in a different way that Kaluza-Klein theories do. Specially, the electromagnetic eld Aμ, is included in the free geodesic equation of C4. By embedding our usual 4-d real space-time in the symplectic 8-d real space-time (symplectic R8 is algebraically isomorphic to C4), we derive the usual geodesic equation of a charged particle in gravitational eld, plus new information which is interpreted. Afterwards, we explore the consequences of the formulation of a "special relativity" in the at R8.
Identification of Epigenetic Interactions between MicroRNA and DNA Methylation Associated with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Mao Zhanrui , Li Ting , Zhao Hui , Qin Yulan , Kang Yani
Published: October 2019

Aberration in microRNA (miRNA) expression or DNA methylation is a causal factor for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder and leading cause of infertility. However, the epigenetic interactions between miRNA and DNA methylation remain unexplored in PCOS. In this study, we conducted an integrated analysis of RNA-seq, miRNA-seq and MBD-seq on ovarian granulosa cells of PCOS and control groups to reveal the epigenetic interactions involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Firstly, we identified 830 genes and 30 miRNAs that were expressed differently in PCOS, and seven miRNAs were found to negatively regulate targeted mRNA expression. Next, in total, 130 miRNAs were found to be significantly differently methylated in promoter regions, while 13 were found to be associated with miRNA expression. Furthermore, the promoter hypermethylation of miR-429, miR-141-3p, and miR-126-3p was proven to suppress miRNA expression and therefore upregulate their corresponding genes, including XIAP, BRD3, MAPK14 and SLC7A5. Our results demonstrate that DNA methylation regulates miRNA expression and therefore controls its corresponding gene expression. The reactivation of the transcription of epigenetically silenced genes may be one of the key elements in PCOS pathogenesis. Meanwhile, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the regulation of miRNA expression can provide a potential therapeutic target for PCOS in the future.
Sodium Chloride-Induced Salt Stress Responses of Antioxidative Activities in Leaves and Roots of Pistachio Rootstock
Authors: Akbari Mohammad , katam Ramesh , Husain Rabab , Farajpour Mostafa , Mazzuca Silvia , Mahna Nasser
Published: October 2019

Salinity substantially affects plant growth and crop productivity worldwide. Plants adopt several biochemical mechanisms including regulation of antioxidant biosynthesis to protect themselves against the toxic effects induced by the stress. One-year-old Pistachio rootstock exhibiting different degrees of salinity tolerance were subjected to sodium chloride induced salt stress to identify genetic diversity among cultivated pistachio rootstock for their antioxidant responses, and to determine the correlation of these enzymes to salinity stress. Leaves and roots were harvested following NaCl-induced stress. Results show that a higher concentration of NaCl treatment induced oxidative stress in the leaf tissue and to a lesser extent in the roots. Both tissues showed an increase in ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase and malondialdehyde. Responses of antioxidant enzymes were cultivar dependent, as well as temporal and dependent on the salinity level. Linear and quadratic regression model analysis revealed significant correlation of enzyme activities to salinity treatment in both tissues. The variation in salinity tolerance reflected their capabilities in orchestrating antioxidant enzymes at the roots and harmonized across the cell membranes of the leaves. The study provides a better understanding of root and leaf coordination in regulating the antioxidant enzymes to NaCl induced oxidative stress.
Dual-Wavelength (UV and Blue) Controlled Photopolymerization Confinement for 3D-Printing: Modeling and Analysis of Measurements
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng , Cheng Da-Chuan , Chen Kuo-Ti , Liu Hsia-Wei
Published: October 2019

The kinetics and modeling of dual-wavelength controlled photopolymerization confinement (PC) are presented and measured data are analyzed by analytic formulas and numerical data. The UV-light initiated inhibition effect is strongly monomer-dependent and different monomers have different C=C bond rate constants and conversion efficacy. Without the UV-light, for a given blue-light intensity, higher initiator concentration (C10) and rate constant (k’) lead to higher conversion, as also predicted by analytic formulas, in which the total conversion rate (RT) is an increasing function of k’R, which is proportional to k[gB1C1]0.5. However, the coupling factor b1 plays a different role that higher b1 leads to higher conversion only in the transient regime; whereas higher b1 leads lower steady-state conversion. For a fixed initiator concentration C10, higher inhibitor concentration (C20) leads to lower conversion due to stronger inhibition effect. However, same conversion reduction was found for the same H-factor of H0 = [b1C10 - b2C20]. Conversion of blue-only are much higher than that of UV-only and UV-blue combined, in which high C20 results a strong reduction of blue-only-conversion, such that the UV-light serves as the turn-off (trigger) mechanism for the purpose of spatial confirmation within the overlap area of UV and blue light. For example, UV-light controlled methacrylate conversion of a glycidyl dimethacrylate resin formulated with a tertiary amine co-initiator, and butyl nitrite, subject to a continuous exposure of a blue light, but an on-off exposure of a UV-light. Finally, we developed a theoretical new finding for the criterion of a good material/candidate governed by a double ratio of light-intensity and concentration, [I20C20.]/[I10C10].
Compact Inner-Wall Grating Slot Microring Resonator for Label-Free Sensing
Authors: Gu Hongjun , Gong He , Wang Chunxue , Sun Xiaoqiang , Wang Xinbin , Yi Yunji , Chen Changming , Wang Fei , Zhang Daming
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we present and analyze a compact inner-wall grating slot microring resonator (IG-SMRR) with the footprint of less than 13 μm × 13 μm on the SOI platform for label-free sensing, which comprises a slot microring resonator (SMRR) and inner-wall grating (IG). Its detection range is significantly enhanced without the limitation of the free spectral region (FSR) owing to the combination of SMRR and IG. Structural parameters of IG and SMRR are investigated and optimized for favorable transmission properties. The simulation results shows that the IG-SMRR has an ultra-large quasi-FSR of 84.6 nm, and the concentration sensitivities of sodium chloride solutions and D-glucose solutions are up to 960.61 pm/% and 933.06 pm/%, respectively. The investigation on the combination of SMRR and IG is a valuable exploration of label-free sensing application for ultra-large detection range and ultra-high sensitivity in future.
An Estimation of Actual Recycling and Final Disposal Rates of Municipal Solid Waste by Material Flow Analysis in Korea
Authors: Oh Jung-Keun , Kim Ji-Yeon , Cho Yoon-A , Kim Ki-Heon , Oh Gil-Jong
Published: October 2019

The recycling, incineration, and final disposal rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) are calculated based on the total amount of waste input to each facility in many countries. These statistic data have serious limitation in setting the national goal and policy for effective waste management because it is not considering the amount of foreign objectives in the process of each life-cycle stage. This case study is to estimate the actual rates of recycling, incineration, and final disposal by material flow analysis (MFA) after the collection of MSW in Korea. The actual rates of recycling, incineration and final disposal for MSW in 2016 were 49.9%, 32.9% and 23.1% respectively, indicating that the recycling rate was lower by 10.1%, while the incineration and final disposal rates were raised by 7.6% and 8.4% respectively, compared with the statistics for current MSW. In addition, the changed actual rates of recycling, incineration treatment, and final landfill, and variation of waste treatment charge according to treated amounts per treatment method was analyzed. This results of this study will contribute to establish national level of plan on effective waste management.
Early Detection is as Important as Imatinib in CML Treatment Success
Authors: Sonkin Dmitriy , Simon Richard
Published: October 2019

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was the first malignancy for which clinical outcome was drastically improved by kinase inhibitor therapy. Kinase inhibitors targeting other well-known oncogenes have been introduced into clinical practice, but none have shown the same magnitude of clinical benefit as ABL1 inhibition in CML. We argue that early detection is an underappreciated, but critically important factor in success of ABL1 inhibitors in treatment of CML. We show that CML provides a window into how many types of cancer may look and behave at an early stage, prior to diagnosis and the development of additional genomic alterations. The remarkable clinical benefits of ABL1 inhibition is likely due to early detection of CML at a stage in which the tumor is driven by single oncogenic alteration which can be successfully controlled by the inhibitor. Thinking of CML as a prototype for effective systemic treatment based on early cancer detection may help to develop strategies for improving treatment for other types of cancer.
Agronomic Practices, Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) in Nigeria
Authors: Popoola Jacob , Igwe David , Jegede Opeyemi , Iwu Victoria , Adegbite Adegoke , Omonhinmin Conrad
Published: October 2019

Evaluation of agronomic practices, genetic diversity and population structure of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) is crucial to its sustainable utilization to ensure food and nutritional security. Four agronomic practices of field preparation and soil analysis, regeneration, weeding and pruning, as well as harvesting, were adopted. Genetic diversity and population structure of 20 populations were evaluated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer pairs (E-ACC/M-CAC and E-ACA/M-CAG). The effects of agronomic practices on leaf quantity production were evaluated using standard procedures. The physico-chemical and morphological data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while genetic diversity, population structure, dendrogram reconstruction, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were analyzed from the AFLP genetic data. Significant effects (P ≤ 0.05) of agronomic practices on the quantity of leaf production were recorded across the accessions. The two primer pairs generated a total of 80 alleles with a mean major allele frequency of 0.0250. Gene diversity and polymorphic information content (PIC) values were high with a mean of 0.98 and 0.974, respectively. The Gst value of 0.0490 indicated that 5 % of the total genetic divergence was among the population while 95 % within the population. Dendrogram reconstruction with genetic distance ranging from 0.87 to 0.96 segregated the accessions into eleven clusters while PCA generated six cluster groups. Field preparation and physico-chemical soil properties, regeneration, weeding and pruning, and stand development, as well as harvesting, influenced the leaf yield and genetic diversity observed in this study. The genetic data revealed that some accessions were clustered along eco-geographical lines while others grouped disparately. Identified potential parent genotypes with valuable and desirable genetic traits can be exploited for commercial, breeding and conservation purposes to ensure sustainable utilization of the species in Nigeria.
Scanning Magnetic Microscope Using A Hall-Effect Sensor for Images of Remanent Magnetization Fields
Authors: Araujo Jefferson F. D. F. , Correa Angela A. P. , Yokoyama Elder , dos Reis Andre L. A. , Oliveira Jr. Vanderlei C. , Mendoza Leonardo A. F. , Pacheco Marcos A. C. , Luz-Lima Cleanio , Santos Amanda F. , Osorio G. Fredy G. , Brito Giancarlo E. , Araujo Wagner W. R. , Tahir Tahir , Bruno Antonio C. , Del Rosso Tommaso
Published: October 2019

Scanning magnetic microscopy is a new tool that has recently been used to map magnetic fields with good spatial resolution and field sensitivity. This technology has great advantages over other instruments; for example, its operation does not require cryogenic technology, which reduces its operational cost and complexity. Here, we describe the construction of a customizing scanning magnetic microscope based on commercial Hall-effect sensors at room temperature that achieves a spatial resolution of 200 µm. Two scanning stages on the x- and y-axes of precision, consisting of two coupled actuators, control the position of the sample, and this microscope can operate inside or outside a magnetic shield. We obtained magnetic field sensitivities better than 521 nTrms/√Hz between 1 and 10 Hz, which correspond to a magnetic momentum sensitivity of 9.20 × 10–10 Am2. In order to demonstrate the capability of the microscopy, polished thin sections of geological samples, samples containing microparticles and magnetic nanoparticles were measured. For the geological samples, a theoretical model was adapted from the magnetic maps obtained by the equipment. Vector field maps are valuable tools for the magnetic interpretation of samples with a high spatial variability of magnetization. These maps can provide comprehensive information regarding the spatial distribution of magnetic carriers. In addition, this model may be useful for characterizing isolated areas over samples or investigating the spatial magnetization distribution of bulk samples at the micro and millimeter scales. As an auxiliary technique, a magnetic sweep map was created using Raman spectroscopy; this map allowed the verification of different minerals in the samples. This equipment can be useful for many applications that require samples that need to be mapped without a magnetic field at room temperature, including rock magnetism, the nondestructive testing of steel materials and the testing of biological samples. The equipment can not only be used in cutting-edge research but also serve as a teaching tool to introduce undergraduate, master's and Ph.D. students to the measurement methods and processing techniques used in scanning magnetic microscopy.
Older Adults’ Perceptions of Psychotherapy in Cyprus
Authors: Katsounari Ioanna
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the study was to explore older adults’ views and perceptions of psychotherapy in Cyprus. A total of 25 older adults, aged between 65- 89 participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis identified three main themes: Familiar term/Unfamiliar process; existential crises during this stage; and the issue of stigma. Participants indicated a basic understanding of what psychotherapy entails, but did not associate psychotherapy with serious mental illness. Participants identified a number of existential issues that are potentially major life stressors for an elderly person and referred to the historical stigma that has an impact on their own perceptions about psychotherapy. However, participants seemed to view their ability to overcome psychological difficulties on their own, as a proof of personal strength. Psychologists and other health professionals also need to be mindful of how they describe psychological concepts and treatment as older adults may not understand what they are being told or may be afraid of what treatment involves based on historical context. This study highlights the importance of using strategies that have the potential to empower this population in order to proactively attend to their mental health including community-based education and national mental health campaigns.
Türkiye’de Gelir Dağılımı, Sağlık Harcamaları ve Yaşam Beklentisi İlişkisi: ARDL Sınır Testi Analizi
Authors: HALİSÇELİK Ergül , ACARAVCI Ali , GÜZEL Arif Eser
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de gelir dağılımı ve sağlık
harcamalarının doğumda yaşam beklentisi üzerindeki etkilerini 1987-2016 dönemi için
gecikmesi dağıtılmış otoregresif (ARDL) modeli ile araştırmaktadır. Elde edilen
sonuçlara göre gelir dağılımında adaletsizlik arttıkça doğumda yaşam beklentisi
negatif yönde etkilenmektedir. Öte yandan toplam sağlık harcamalarının milli
gelir içindeki payının artması ile yaşam beklentisi arasında anlamlı bir
ilişkiye bulunmamaktadır. Ayrıca kişi başına gelir ve her 1000 kişi başına
doktor sayısının artması, yaşam beklentisini pozitif yönde etkilemektedir.
Hatay İli Sağlık Bakanlığı Hastanelerinin Finansal Performanslarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KAKİLLİ ACARAVCI Songül , GAZİ Mehmet
Published: October 2019

Hatay İli Sağlık Bakanlığı hastanelerinin 2008-2017 yılları arasında finansal performansları oran analizi yöntemi kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Çalışmanın evrenini Hatay Büyükşehir Belediyesi sınırları içerisindeki İl Sağlık Müdürlüğüne bağlı toplamda 9 hastane oluşturmaktadır. Oran analizi yöntemi kullanılarak, evrendeki kamu hastanelerinin kamu hastane birliklerine bağlanılmadan önceki ve bağlanıldıktan sonraki finansal performansları yıllar itibariyle analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Hastanelerin likidite, faaliyet, mali yapı ve karlılık durumlarını gösteren 21 oran anahtar finansal oran olarak değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; hastanelerin likit varlıklarının yetersizliği, kısa vadeli yabancı kaynak kullanımının arttığı, stoklarının fazlalığı ve hastanelerin zarar eğiliminde oldukları görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın sağlık yönetiminde bulunanlara planlama ve politika geliştirmelerinde önemli ipuçları sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Pelestarian Budaya Campursari dalam Program TVRI Jawa Timur
Authors: Sindu Kukuh
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to find out the programing undertaken by TVRI East Java in preserving the campursari culture. To uncover these goals thoroughly and profoundly, this study used descriptive method and usedquantitative method. Based on the problem, the data collection technique that used by the researcher were interview, direct observation and documentation conducted by researcher at the site. Then, the data was analyzing critically on the basis of Morissan thinking, so it obtained deep meaning about that used by TVRI East Java in preserving campursari culture. Based on the result of this study, it found the programming strategy in TVRI East Jawa in preserving campursari culture that is in the form of planning strategy where TVRI East Java did the determination of ideas before the show of campursari aired and bumper selection that change every year, a production strategy whereby TVRI East Java has own self produced campurasri event as well as arranging the best possible crack of business, evacuation strategy of  the  program  where  TVRI East Java showed live campursari program in studio 1 who filled by campursari communities from various regions. Then, evaluation  strategy  where in  each  year would evaluate the programs so, campursari can be accepted by public.
Parenchymal central nervous system involvement in aggressive B-cell lymphoma: retrospective analysis of clinical and MRI features in a Chinese population
Authors: Wu Yuchen , Wang Yaming , Sun Xuefei , Bai Xueyan , Qian Jun , Zhu Hong , Cui Qu , Xing Ruixian , Chen Yuedan , Liu Qing , Guo Jiayuan , Ji Nan , Sun Shengjun , Liu Yuanbo
Published: October 2019

Background: Secondary central nervous system lymphoma (SCNSL) is defined as secondary central nervous system (CNS) involvement in patients with systemic lymphoma. It is considered a profoundly adverse complication with inferior clinical outcome. Parenchymal involvement in the CNS in aggressive B-cell lymphoma is not frequently seen and remains a diagnostic dilemma.
Methods: In our study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of 26 parenchymal SCNSL patients. In addition, we compared MRI features of SCNSL and primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) patients after 1:1 propensity score matching. Also we presented two SCNSL cases with atypical MRI appearance.
Results: Among SCNSL patients, the median CNS relapse time was 3 months, and multiple lesions were found in 76.9% of the cases. In PCNSL, this percentage was 42.3% (p=0.011). None of the SCNSL patients and 23.1% of the PCNSL patients had solitary infratentorial lesions (p=0.003).
Conclusions: The majority of parenchymal involvement occurred within the first year of systemic lymphoma, in which mostly cases presenting with multiple and supratentorial locations, unlike what was found in PCNSL. Moreover, nonenhancement MRI could not rule out the possibility of SCNSL, T2 Flair may provide more information, and dynamic monitoring on MRI could help in patient diagnosis.