bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of different designs of minimally invasive cantilever resin‐bonded fixed dental prostheses replacing mandibular premolar: Long‐term fracture load and 3D finite element analysis
Authors: Kasem Ammar T. , Elsherbiny Abdallah Ahmed , Abo‐Madina Manal , Tribst João Paulo M. , Al‐Zordk Walid
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the fracture load and stress magnitude of different retainer designs of minimally invasive cantilever resin‐bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) after artificial aging.

Materials and methods

Fifty caries‐free human mandibular molars were prepared as abutments for cantilever fixed dental prostheses using different retainer designs: one wing (OW), two wings (TW), inlay ring (IR), lingual coverage (LC), and occlusal coverage (OC). Computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing were used for milling the RBFDPs using fiber‐reinforced composite (FRC), and the restorations were adhesively bonded. The specimens were then subjected to thermomechanical aging and loaded until failure. The 3D finite element analysis (FEA) was performed with five models of retainer designs similar to the in vitro test. Modified von Mises stress values on enamel, dentine, luting resin, and restorations were examined. Data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (p < 0.001).

Results

A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was found between all groups except between IR and LC and between OW and TW designs, with the highest mean failure load detected for OC (534.70 N) and the lowest detected for OW (129.80 N). With regard to failure mode, OW, TW, and LC showed more incidences of favorable failure patterns than IR and OC designs. FEA showed that FRC transmitted low stresses in tooth structure and high stresses to the luting resin.

Conclusions

LC and OC designs can be used to design cantilever RBFDPs in premolar area. IR design transmitted more stresses to the tooth structure and resulted in 30% catastrophic failure. OW and TW were below the normal occlusal force and should be carefully used.
Detecting relevant changes in the spatiotemporal mean function
Authors: Dette Holger , Quanz Pascal
Published: December 2022

For a spatiotemporal process , where denotes the set of spatial locations and the time domain, we consider the problem of testing for a change in the sequence of mean functions . In contrast to most of the literature, we are not interested in arbitrarily small changes but only in changes with a norm exceeding a given threshold. Asymptotically distribution free tests are proposed, which do not require the estimation of the long‐run spatiotemporal covariance structure. In particular, we consider a fully functional approach and a test based on the cumulative sum paradigm, investigate the large sample properties of the corresponding test statistics and study their finite sample properties by means of simulation study.
Textural modification of Chinese traditional stewed pig trotter: Effect of acid or alkaline‐induced degradation of collagen fibers
Authors: Zhang Yuemei , Geng Fang , Wang Ying , Cao Jinxuan
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effects of acid or alkaline treatments on the textural properties of Chinese traditional stewed pig trotter in relation to the degradation of collagen fibers. Pig trotters were subjected to different pHs of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 and then stewed at 95°C for 60 min. Textural parameters (springiness, chewiness, hardness, and gumminess) of pig trotters and Raman spectroscopy, cross‐links, decorin, and glycosaminoglycans contents of collagen fibers were assessed. The acid or alkaline treatments at pH 4, 5, 6, and 8 improved the textural properties evidenced by lower chewiness, hardness, and gumminess, and promoted the unfolding of the secondary structure evidenced by a loss of α‐helix paralleled with an increase of random coil, as well as induced a breakage to the covalent cross‐links evidenced by the reduction of cross‐links, decorin, and glycosaminoglycans. This study thus concluded positive effects of acid or alkaline treatments on the textural modification of Chinese traditional stewed pig trotter in relation to the induced degradation of the collagen fibers.
The effects of trehalose synergy with NaCl on the textural, water distribution, and microstructure of snakehead fish filets induced by freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Huang Yizhen , Liu Yu , Zhang Nana , Zhang Lin , Ma Xiaoxiao , Qin Lei , Dong Xiuping
Published: December 2022

In this study, we investigated the effect of trehalose in concert with NaCl on the flesh of snakehead fish that had undergone freeze–thaw cycles. Four groups of treatments were compared in this study, including distilled water, 3% NaCl, antifreeze (4% wt/vol) with 3% NaCl, and 4% trehalose (wt/vol) with 3% (wt/vol) NaCl. The results showed that the addition of 4% trehalose (wt/vol) with 3% (wt/vol) NaCl reduced the cracks between muscle fibers and the pores on muscle fiber bundles caused by freeze–thaw cycles during frozen storage of snakehead fish, thus reducing mechanical damage to the fish tissue structure. Moreover, the treatment was able to reduce the thawing loss of snakehead fillets, reduce cooking loss, and help maintain the color of the fish. Further, 4% trehalose (wt/vol) + 3% (wt/vol) NaCl (T) could slow down the reduction of hardness, elasticity, and chewiness of fish fillets during frozen storage. This study provides a theoretical basis for reducing the freeze–thaw cycle on the quality changes of snakehead fish during transportation and marketing.
Quality characteristics of fresh noodles with low‐sodium salt and the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , Gong Wei , Chen Yu , Liu Hao , Liang Ying , Wang Jinshui
Published: December 2022

Influence of low‐sodium salt on water mobility, chemical interactions, and structural changes in noodles was investigated to explore the underlying mechanisms of noodle quality changes, and the results were in comparison with those of NaCl and KCl. Low‐sodium salt increased the cooking loss, hardness, chewiness, maximum tensile strength, and tensile fracture distance of noodles. Low‐sodium salt enhanced the interaction of water and non‐aqueous components in noodles by reducing water mobility. Besides, chemical interaction test showed that low‐sodium salt induced the oxidation of some free SH groups to form SS bonds, and strengthened the hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds of gluten. Fluorescence spectra revealed that low‐sodium salt changed the microenvironment of gluten molecules. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that low‐sodium salt noodles presented a more continuous and compact microstructure. Among the three kinds of salted noodles, some qualities of low‐sodium salt noodles were equivalent to or slightly worse than those of NaCl noodles, but higher than those of KCl noodles. Hence, replacing part of NaCl with KCl in noodle products is an effective method to reduce sodium content.
Biophysical predictors of spatial variation in abundance and population dynamics of an invasive decapod
Authors: Bloch Christopher P. , Sawyer Samantha J. , Hathaway Nicholas B. , Bouley Kourtnie , Briggs Jocelyn L. , Frew Victoria , Surasinghe Thilina D.
Published: December 2022

Population dynamics of invasive species and their impacts on native communities vary substantially geographically and in different environmental contexts. Therefore, effective management of invasive species requires understanding how habitat characteristics, anthropogenic effects, or other perturbations can influence their abundance and impacts on native communities at multiple spatial and temporal scales. This is particularly challenging when geographically widespread, long‐term data are lacking. The Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, is a well‐studied invader on the Atlantic North American coast. A few studies suggest that its populations may be declining in parts of its introduced range, but spatial variation in its population dynamics is considerable even among geographically proximal habitats. We explore the ability of habitat characteristics and prey availability to predict abundance of the Asian shore crab at 12 rocky intertidal sites in southern New England over 5 years (2014–2018). Overall, abundance of the Asian shore crab increased non‐linearly with time, with the rate of increase declining over time, but abundance varied among sites and population dynamics were spatially asynchronous. Aspects of habitat complexity and disturbance strongly contributed to variation in abundance, but the most important predictors reflected complex and non‐linear interactions among sea surface temperature, latitude, and prey abundance. The influence of prey abundance and latitude on crab abundance were modulated by the survey years, which underscores the importance of temporal variation in mediating the species–habitat relationship. Uncovering such intricate dynamics warrants long‐term data on population trends and impacts of invasive species, geographically replicated at multiple sites to capture regional heterogeneity.
Investigating the igneous petrogenesis of Martian volcanic rocks using augite quantitative textural analysis of the Yamato nakhlites
Authors: Griffin Sammy , Udry Arya , Daly Luke , Forman Lucy Victoria , Lee Martin R. , Cohen Benjamin E.
Published: December 2022

To better understand volcanism on planetary bodies other than the Earth, the quantification of physical processes is needed. Here, the petrogenesis of the achondrite Martian Yamato (Y) nakhlites (Y 000593, Y 000749, and Y 000802) is reinvestigated via quantitative analysis of augite (high‐Ca clinopyroxene) phenocrysts: crystal size distribution (CSD), spatial distribution patterns (SDP), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Results from CSD and EBSD quantitative data sets show augite to have continuous uninterrupted growth resulting in calculated minimum magma chamber residence times of either 88–117 ± 6 yr or 9–12 yr. All samples exhibit low‐intensity S‐LS type crystallographic preferred orientation. Directional strain is observed across all samples with intracrystalline misorientation patterns indicative of (100)[001]:(001)[100] (Y 000593 and Y 000802) and {110}<001>or {110}1/2<110> (Y 000749) slip systems. SDP results indicate phenocryst‐bearing crystal‐clustered rock signatures. Combined findings from this work show that the Yamato nakhlites formed on Mars as individual low‐viscosity lava flows or sills. This study shows that through combining these different quantitative techniques over multiple samples, one can more effectively compare and interpret resulting data to gain a more robust, geologically contextualized petrogenetic understanding of the rock suite being studied. The techniques used in this study should be equally applicable to igneous achondrites from other parent bodies.
Glyphosate affects the neurochemical phenotype of the intramural neurons in the duodenum in the pig
Authors: Palus Katarzyna , Bulc Michał , Całka Jarosław
Published: December 2022

Background

Glyphosate‐based herbicides have been one of the most intensively used pollutants worldwide and food products containing glyphosate are an essential component of human and animal diet. The aim of present study was to determine the effect of glyphosate intoxication on the neurochemical properties of the enteric nervous system (ENS) neurons located in the wall of the porcine duodenum.

Methods

Fifteen sexually immature gilts divided into 3 groups were used: control—animals receiving empty gelatin capsules; G1—animals receiving a low dose of glyphosate—corresponding to the theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) ‐ 0.05 mg/kg bw/day; G2—animals receiving a higher dose of glyphosate—corresponding to the acceptable daily intake (ADI)—0.5 mg/kg/day in gelatin capsules orally for 28 days. After this time, the animals were euthanized and small intestine samples were collected. Frozen sections were then subjected to the procedure of double immunofluorescent staining.

Key results

Glyphosate supplementation led to alterations in the neurochemical code of the ENS neurons in the porcine duodenum. Generally, increased population of neurons immunoreactive to PACAP, CGRP, CART, nNOS, and a decreased number of VAChT‐like immunoreactive neurons were noted.

Conclusions and inferences

It may be a first preclinical symptom of digestive tract dysfunction in the course of glyphosate intoxication and further studies are needed to assess the toxicity and risks of glyphosate to humans.
Spanish translation and validation of a hybrid, health‐related quality of life questionnaire for chronic esophageal conditions: NEQOL‐S
Authors: Oleas Roberto , Puga‐Tejada Miguel , Sánchez‐Carriel María , Valero Manuel , Martin‐Delgado Jimmy , Ospina Jessenia , Muñoz‐Jurado Guillermo , Egas‐Izquierdo Maria , Arevalo‐Mora Martha , Alvarado‐Escobar Haydee , Pitanga‐Lukashok Hannah , Baquerizo‐Burgos Jorge , Robles‐Medranda Carlos
Published: December 2022

Background

Chronic esophageal conditions (CEC) are associated with significant disease‐related burden, disability, and costs. Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) constructs are intended to capture the physical, mental, social, and emotional aspects of a patient's life and how health status impacts these domains. The Northwestern Esophageal Quality of Life (NEQOL) can be used among esophageal diseases while maintaining sensitivity to specific conditions. We aimed to translate, cross‐cultural adapt, and validate the NEQOL into Spanish.

Methods

After language and cross‐cultural adaptation, the NEQOL was applied to an outpatient clinic‐based population in a single tertiary center. We analyzed the internal consistency, construct, criterion validity, and test–retest reliability of the questionnaire. The criterion validity was tested against the SF‐12 questionnaire.

Key Results

After completing the translation process, no item was considered problematic. A total of 385 patients were included in the validation study. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for the total NEQOL‐S score was 0.89. The NEQOL‐S questionnaire showed moderate test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.828; 95% CI 0.755–0.881; p < 0.001). Criterion validity showed good coherence when correlated with the SF‐12 survey (R2 = 0.538; 95% CI 0.491–0.585, p < 0.001).

Conclusions and Inferences

The translated and cross‐culturally adapted NEQOL‐S showed good psychometric properties that allow its use in Spanish‐speaking patients suffering from CEC.
Blue days: A mid‐20th century war memorial swimscape and the persistence of memory
Authors: Boswijk Gretel
Published: December 2022

War memorials were intended to console the living, honour the dead and remind future generations of duty and sacrifice. In living memorials, the combination of remembrance with celebrating life introduces a tension between the sacred and the profane, affecting the memory work of the memorial. Here, the persistence of memory in living memorials is explored using the 1956 Onehunga War Memorial Swimming Pool in Auckland. Intended as a permanent reminder of the sacrifices of war, changes to the complex have externalised the memorial. The meanings embodied in memorials that resonate with one generation can have less connection for the next, resulting in loss of memory over time.
Can details depoliticize? An examination of the formalization strategy
Authors: Hansen Jesper Asring
Published: December 2022

Political superiors bestow legitimacy on decisions when delegating authority to agencies. Yet, research convincingly demonstrates that the delegation of authority to agencies does not guarantee depoliticized decisions. political principals with the intent of signaling depoliticization may limit agency discretion by invoking a formalization strategy: a strategy where the principal details what constitutes a legitimate decision. The argument of this study is that this strategy falls short in achieving depoliticization, because agencies have incentives to accommodate key voters' opinions, especially in resourceful constituencies. I test the argument by analyzing decisions made by the United Kingdom's Office for Standards in Education—an agency subject to strong formalization requirements when making decisions. In support of the argument, I find that key voters' opinions predict decisions more strongly than any of the other items specified by the political principal, and that voters' opinions matter more in constituencies with high mobilization potentials.
A re‐examination of the US insurance market's capacity to pay catastrophe losses
Authors: Dionne Georges , Desjardins Denise
Published: December 2022

Cummins, Doherty, and Lo (2002) present a theoretical and empirical analysis of the capacity of the property liability insurance industry in the US to finance catastrophic losses. In their theoretical analysis, they show that a sufficient condition for capacity maximization is for all insurers to hold a net of reinsurance underwriting portfolio that is perfectly correlated with aggregate industry losses. Estimating capacity from insurers' financial statement data, they find that the US insurance industry could adequately fund a $100 billion event in 1997. As a matter of comparison, Hurricane Katrina in 2005 cost the insurance industry $40 to $65 billion (2005 dollars). Our main objective is to update the study of Cummins et al. (2002) with new data available up to the end of 2020. We verify how the insurance market's capacity has evolved over recent years. We show that the US insurance industry's capacity to pay catastrophe losses is higher in 2020 than it was in 1997. Insurers could pay 98% of a $200 billion loss in 2020, compared to 81% in 1997.
Robust quasi‐randomization‐based estimation with ensemble learning for missing data
Authors: Lee Danhyang , Zhang Li‐Chun , Chen Sixia
Published: December 2022

Missing data analysis requires assumptions about an outcome model or a response probability model to adjust for potential bias due to nonresponse. Doubly robust (DR) estimators are consistent if at least one of the models is correctly specified. Multiply robust (MR) estimators extend DR estimators by allowing for multiple models for both the outcome and/or response probability models and are consistent if at least one of the multiple models is correctly specified. We propose a robust quasi‐randomization‐based model approach to bring more protection against model misspecification than the existing DR and MR estimators, where any multiple semiparametric, nonparametric or machine learning models can be used for the outcome variable. The proposed estimator achieves unbiasedness by using a subsampling Rao–Blackwell method, given cell‐homogenous response, regardless of any working models for the outcome. An unbiased variance estimation formula is proposed, which does not use any replicate jackknife or bootstrap methods. A simulation study shows that our proposed method outperforms the existing multiply robust estimators.
Genetic landscape of human neutrophil antigen variants in India from population‐scale genomes
Authors: Rophina Mercy , Bhoyar Rahul C. , Imran Mohamed , Senthivel Vigneshwar , Divakar Mohit Kumar , Mishra Anushree , Jolly Bani , Sivasubbu Sridhar , Scaria Vinod
Published: December 2022

Antibodies against human neutrophil antigens (HNAs) play a significant role in various clinical conditions such as neonatal alloimmune neutropenia, transfusion‐related acute lung injury, and other nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. This study aims to identify the genotype and allele frequencies of HNAs in the healthy Indian population. Ten genetic variants in four human genes encoding alleles of HNAs class I–V approved by the International Society of Blood Transfusion—Granulocyte Immunobiology Working Party were used in the analysis. Genetic variants from whole genome sequences of 1029 healthy Indian individuals corresponding to HNA alleles were analyzed. The frequencies of the variants were compared with global population datasets using an in‐house computational pipeline. In HNA class I, allele frequencies of FCGR3B*01, FCGR3B*02, and FCGR3B*03 encoding HNA‐1a, HNA‐1b, and HNA‐1c were 0.07, 0.8, and 0.13, respectively. HNA class 3 alleles namely SLC44A2*01 (encoding HNA‐3a) and SLC44A2*02 (encoding HNA‐3b) were found at allele frequencies of 0.78 and 0.22, respectively. The frequencies of ITGAM*01 encoding HNA‐4a and ITGAM*02 encoding HNA‐4a were 0.95 and 0.05, respectively. Furthermore, allele frequencies of HNA class 5 alleles were 0.32 for ITGAL*01 (encoding HNA‐5a) and 0.68 for ITGAL*02 (encoding HNA‐5b). Interestingly, it was also found that rs2230433 variant deciding the HNA class 5 alleles, was highly prevalent (78.2%) in the Indian population compared with other global populations. This study presents the first comprehensive report of HNA allele and genotype frequencies in the Indian population using population genome datasets of 1029 individuals. Significant difference was observed in the prevalence of HNA5a and HNA5b in India in comparison to other global populations.
Erratum to: Quadrupole Antenna and Diagnostic Complex for Ion Cyclotron Plasma Heating and Current Drive at the L-2M Stellarator
Authors: Meshcheryakov A. I. , Grishina I. A. , Vafin I. Yu.
Published: December 2022

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020441222060227
Topological corrections and conformal backreaction in the Einstein Gauss–Bonnet/Weyl theories of gravity at $$D=4$$
Authors: Corianò Claudio , Maglio Matteo Maria , Theofilopoulos Dimosthenis
Published: December 2022

We investigate the gravitational backreaction, generated by coupling a general conformal sector to external, classical gravity, as described by a conformal anomaly effective action. We address the issues raised by the regularization of the topological Gauss–Bonnet and Weyl terms in these actions and the use of dimensional regularization (DR). We discuss both their local and nonlocal expressions, as possible IR and UV descriptions of conformal theories, below and above the conformal breaking scale. Our discussion overlaps with several recent studies of dilaton gravities – obtained via a certain singular limit of the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) theory – originally introduced as a way to bypass Lovelock’s theorem. We show that nonlocal, purely gravitational realizations of such EGB theories, quadratic in the dilaton field, beside their local quartic forms, are possible, by a finite renormalization of the Euler density. Such nonlocal versions, which are deprived of any scale, can be expanded, at least around flat space, in terms of the combination $$R \Box ^{-1}$$

R

□

-
1

times multiple variations of the anomaly functional, as pointed out in recent studies at $$d=4$$

d
=
4

. Similar conclusions can be drawn for the proposed nonlocal EGB theory. The expansion emerges from previous investigations of the anomalous conformal Ward identities that constrain such theories around the flat spacetime limit in momentum space.
Identification and simulation of surface alpha events on passivated surfaces of germanium detectors and the influence of metalisation
Authors: Abt I. , Gooch C. , Hagemann F. , Hauertmann L. , Liu X. , Schulz O. , Schuster M. , Zsigmond A. J.
Published: December 2022

Events from alpha interactions on the surfaces of germanium detectors are a major contribution to the background in germanium-based searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Surface events are subject to charge trapping, affecting their pulse shape and reconstructed energy. A study of alpha events on the passivated end-plate of a segmented true-coaxial n-type high-purity germanium detector is presented. Charge trapping is analysed in detail and an existing pulse-shape analysis technique to identify alpha events is verified with mirror pulses observed in the non-collecting channels of the segmented test detector. The observed radial dependence of charge trapping confirms previous results. A dependence of the probability of charge trapping on the crystal axes is observed for the first time. A first model to describe charge trapping effects within the framework of the simulation software SolidStateDetectors.jl is introduced. The influence of metalisation on events from low-energy gamma interactions close to the passivated surface is also presented.
Cosmological phase transitions, gravitational waves and self-interacting dark matter in the singlet extension of MSSM
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Xie Ke-Pan , Xu Wu-Long , Yang Jin Min
Published: December 2022

In the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) extended by a singlet superfield, when the coupling between the singlet sector and the MSSM sector is tiny, the singlet sector can be a quasi dark sector with supersymmetry (SUSY). We investigate the cosmological phenomena in this scenario and obtain the following observations: (i) In the parameter space solving the small cosmological scale anomalies via self-interacting singlino dark matter (SIDM), a first-order phase transition (FOPT) can readily happen but requires rather light dark matter below MeV; (ii) The corresponding parameter space indicated by FOPT and SIDM can be partially covered by detecting the phase-transition gravitational waves (GWs) at the near-future projects, such as LISA, TianQin and Taiji. Therefore, the recently developed GW astronomy could be a novel probe to such a SUSY scenario.
DYNAMICS OF ANTI-PREDATOR BEHAVIOR AND EFFECT OF FEAR ON PREY–PREDATOR MODEL
Authors: PRASAD K. DURGA , SASMAL SOURAV KUMAR
Published: December 2022

Predator–prey interactions are the ubiquitous and natural phenomenon in an ecological system. Predators reduce the prey population’s density by direct killing, which is an essential part of any ecological system. Based on the experimental works, for overcoming predation pressure, prey uses a variety of mechanisms. With Holling type-II functional response, we examined a prey–predator system incorporating anti-predator behavior and the cost of fear into prey. Prey anti-predator activity is a counterattacking strategy in which adult prey targets adolescent predators in order to counteract the potential predation pressure. Fear of predation may disrupt the physiological state of prey species and lead to long loss of prey species. In this study, we investigated this aspect to use a dynamical modeling approach. This research finds a plethora of fascinating phenomena. The studied system exhibits a wide range of dynamics and bifurcations, including saddle-node, Hopf, homoclinic, and a Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation in co-dimension two are among the dynamics and bifurcations observed in the analyzed system. We performed some numerical simulations to investigate the effects of anti-predator behavior and fear on prey and found both affect the prey–predator dynamics significantly. Our numerical examples clearly show that as prey carrying capacity increases, so does the prey’s ability to perceive the risk of predation.
Comprehensive Evaluation and Decision for Goaf Based on Fuzzy Theory in Underground Metal Mine
Authors: He Rongxing , Liu Huan , Ren Fengyu , Li Guanghui , Zhang Jing , Zhou Yanjun
Published: December 2022

In underground metal mines, goaf brings huge safety risks. It is an important part of mine to evaluate goaf stability and determine the best goaf handling measures. However, the evaluation and decision are often separated; they need to be unified. Meanwhile, stability evaluation and decision for goaf are a complex system engineering of rock masses in underground mining, and subjectivity exists in the evaluation and decision process. Under these conditions, it is necessary to minimize subjectivity, and the results of stability evaluation also need to be considered comprehensively in determining handling measures. In this paper, the fuzzy theory was adopted based on the fact that the goaf stability evaluation and handling measure decision were fuzziness. Firstly, the goaf stability model was established by a two‐layer fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. It took into account 12‐factor indexes of goaf with engineering empirical approaches and divided them into 3 categories according to their engineering categories. The model improved the applicability of the goaf stability evaluation results, and the results were the basis for goaf handling measures as well. Secondly, a decision model of the goaf handling measures was established by multiobjective fuzzy optimization. It consisted of five goaf handling measures and five evaluation indexes. The model provided a comprehensive decision and optimal scheme for goaf handling. Two models were also applied to the Paishanlou gold mine and achieved a good handling result. The practical application showed that the two models were feasible.
Information Volume Threshold for Graphical Variable Message Signs Based on Drivers’ Visual Cognition Behavior
Authors: Wu Yiping , Zhao Zilong , Wu Fuwei , Rong Jian
Published: December 2022

Variable message signs (VMS) are widely employed to offer drivers dynamic traffic information. However, it is still lacking practical guidance about the information volume displayed on a graphical VMS. Building on the result of the subjective questionnaire survey, a static cognitive experiment was conducted to analyze the influence of volume information (i.e., elements and displaying the number of roads) of graphical VMS on drivers’ visual cognition characteristics and then determine the threshold number of roads displayed on VMS. Forty-five drivers participated in the static cognitive experiment. Five indicators, including visual cognition time, cognition accuracy, comprehension accuracy, general assessment, and information acceptance, were used to estimate the influences of graphical VMS. Study results by descriptive statistics and statistical hypothesis testing indicated that drivers also preferred auxiliary elements (i.e., distance or time information) besides basic design elements (i.e., driving direction, current position, and road name) displayed on graphical VMS. With the increase in information volume, driver visual cognition time increased while other companion indexes (i.e., visual cognition accuracy and comprehension accuracy) generally worsened. Combining the data of drivers’ objective behavior and subjective scoring, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method revealed that the number of roads shown on the graphical VMS should be no greater than five. The study results were verified by dynamic simulation experiments. This finding provides a supplement for the design standards and usage specifications for VMS.
Foreword
Authors:   Tallinn University of Technology
Published: December 2022

The current issue of Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum is dedicated to our Ukrainian colleagues, who carry on their everyday work under appalling conditions. All the authors of the research papers and reviews in this issue come from Ukraine, the country that has been suffering under the ruthless aggression launched by its powerful neighbour on February 24 this year.
World Physics in Ukraine: A Unique Experience of Consolidation of Scientists at Kharkiv Research Center of Physics (in the 1920s-1930s)
Authors:   National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, Tverytnykova Elena , Gutnyk Maryna ,   National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”
Published: December 2022

The article examines the development of physics research in Ukraine on the example of the Ukrainian Institute of Physics and Technology (UIPT). Founded on the initiative of the eminent physicist Abram Ioffe, the UIPT has gradually become one of the world’s leading research institutions. During 1928–1938, many important events took place at the institute, which became markers for the development of physics in Ukraine and the USSR as well as in the world. An experiment on the fission of atomic nucleus using artificially accelerated protons confirmed the validity of the intentions to reorient research towards nuclear physics. The involvement of foreign specialists in the work of the UIPT contributed to the informal consolidation of scientific thinking in physics. Outstanding physicists of the world such as Boris Podolskyi, Oleksandr Weisberg, Konrad Weiselberg, Friedrich Houtermans, Laszlo Tisza, Fritz Lange, Victor Weisskopf, George Placzek, Paul Dirac, Georgii Gamov, Niels Bohr, Paul Ehrenfest, and others worked here for longer or shorter periods. Niels Bohr, Ivar Waller, Milton S. Plesset, Evan J. Williams, and Leon Rosenfeld made reports at the theoretical conferences of UIPT. As a result, in the late 1920s and during the 1930s, an informal society of physicists from around the world was formed in Kharkiv. The consolidation of talented scientists has accumulated traditions, centuries of experience, and practical knowledge in the field from many scientific schools around the world.
The First Attempts to Institutionalize Non-State Communities of Engineers and Technicians in the Russian Empire: Livland and Kherson Provinces
Authors:   Oles’ Honchar Dnipro National University, Savchuk Varfolomii , Dobrovolska Viktoriia
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the article is to identify and investigate the first attempts to institutionalize non-state communities of engineers and technicians in the Russian Empire, and to determine whether the Russian Technical Society was the first center to unify the engineering community. The period covered in this study (1850s–1860s) refers to the initial period of the emergence of scientific and technical societies in the Russian Empire, which are considered as a new type of a structural organization of science and technology. The article reveals that the first attempts to institutionalize non-state engineering and technical communities were successful in Livland and Kherson provinces. It has been confirmed that the preferred hypothesis in the matter of the Russian Technical Society does not correspond to historical reality. Two scientific and technical societies of Livland and Kherson provinces were analyzed in the article: the Society of Technicians in Riga and Odessa Society of Engineers and Architects. It was found that the mentioned societies, established in Riga and Odessa, can be considered almost the first scientific and technical societies in the Russian Empire, created even before the Russian Technical Society commenced its activities. For the first time, a detailed study of the process of their organization and activity was carried out. The article also highlights the legislative principles of the activities of the mentioned societies. A comparative analysis of their statutes was carried out, identifying the common and distinctive features. The study proved the polytechnic nature of their activity and determined its priorities. Despite the fact that the Russian Technical Society turned out to be the most powerful scientific and technical society of the Russian Empire, attention is focused on the fact that the Society of Technicians in Riga continued its activities as an independent scientific and technical association. The article highlights the inaccuracies and some false statements about the studied societies. The attempt of marine engineers in the city of Mykolaiv to establish an independent public scientific and technical society in 1864 is also discussed.
Moral Heuristics and Two Types of Information Processing
Authors:   King Danylo University, Nadurak Vitaliy
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between moral heuristics and two types of information processing. To achieve this goal, moral heuristics will be considered in the context of a dual-process theory. Type 1 processes (deliberate) are being defined as consciously controlled and Type 2 processes (intuitive) as those that occur without conscious control. Heuristics are not one of the types of information processing, but a methodor procedure that simplifies information processing for decision-makers. This simplification can be achieved both in deliberate and intuitive ways. Therefore, heuristics can operate at the different levels of the information processing. The level at which heuristics work depends on the heuristic itself, the person (their experience, cognitive qualities, etc.), environment, and problem that needs to be solved.
Scientific and Educational Support for the Agricultural Industry at the Time of National Liberation Movements in Ukraine (1917–1921): The Ethical Principles of Its Development
Authors:   Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine, Kovalenko Nataliia , Borodai Iryna ,   National Scientific Agricultural Library of NAAS, Salata Halyna ,   Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts of MES of Ukraine
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of organizing agricultural research and education in Ukraine in the period of the national liberation movements in 1917–1921, and to determine the role of the Agricultural Scientific Committee of Ukraine and the Committee of Agricultural Education in their establishment. The authors compared the models of the development of agrarian research and education under Ukrainian Central Rada, Hetman P. Skoropadskyi, the Directory, and Soviet authorities. Coordination of sectoral science and education in Ukraine began with the establishment the General Secretariat of Land Affairs of the Ukrainian Central Rada in 1917. The conceptual foundations of Ukrainian science and education, the core of which was Ukrainization, were developed by the First and Second All-Ukrainian Pedagogical Congresses, as well as the First All-Ukrainian Agronomic and Economic Congress. Ukrainization primarily concerned the conduct of the scientific and educational process and the writing of new books and textbooks in national language. The article reveals the creative initiatives of the Agricultural Scientific Committee of Ukraine and the Committee of Agricultural Education in coordinating the activities of some institutions to disseminate agricultural knowledge and the organization of sectoral research and education, substantiated by the important role of famous politicians. The use of international experience for the practical confirmation of theoretical skills in various agricultural directions is highlighted. The Agricultural Scientific Committee of Ukraine, simultaneously instituted with the Committee on Agricultural Education, was interested in close creative cooperation on the sectoral specialist training.
Science, Creative Activity and Academic Plagiarism: Connections and Contradictions
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Rybka Nataliia , Petinova Oksana ,   State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Kadievska Irina ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Atamaniuk Zoia ,   State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”
Published: December 2022

In the study, the phenomenon of academic plagiarism is considered a result of creative scientific activity, which exists in a certain institutional design and is immersed in the appropriate environment and economic, socio-political circumstances. The study uses philosophical principles as a method—humanistic, historical, comprehensiveness and determinism, system and practice, specificity and activity. The historical retrospective shows that theft and misappropriation of other people’s intellectual property existed already in ancient societies. The prevalence of the phenomenon and the ambiguity of its interpretation inspired us to explore academic plagiarism in its various aspects.
Ukrainian Scientists in Emigration
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Klymenko Liudmila
Published: December 2022

The article aims to draw attention to Aleksandr Mankovskyi (1868–1946), a relatively less-known figure among modern scientists. Mankovskyi is a UkrainianBulgarian scientist of Polish origin, whose life was linked to three countries: Ukraine, Bulgaria, and Poland. He, a specialist in histology and embryology, was a professor at Novorossiysk University and Sofia University.
Оleksandr Mykolayovich Мyklashevskyi: An Outstanding Economist and Historian of Economic Science of Ukrainian Origin
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Sukhoterina Lyubov , Zharkikh Vladimir ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the scientific legacy of Aleksandr Mykolayovich Myklashevskyi, an outstanding Ukrainian economist and historian of economic science, and presents a retrospective analysis of Myklashevskyi’s scientific legacy, viewed in the light of modern science.
Aleksander Aleksandrovich Alekseev: A Distinguished Representative of Research in Financial Law in the Early 20th Century
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Sukhoterina Lyubov , Kolot Svetlana
Published: December 2022

This article deals with the undeservedly forgotten legal scholar and expert Aleksander Aleksandrovich Alekseev, who at the beginning of the 20th century made a serious contribution to the research of financial law in the Russian Empire. Born and educated in the Sloboda Region, Ukraine, he worked at the Dorpat and Warsaw universities.
Hydrogen storage for micro-grid application: a framework for ranking fuel cell technologies based on technical parameters
Authors: Adebisi John Adetunji , Henry Denwigwe Iheanacho , Moses Babatunde Olubayo
Published: December 2022

To securely address energy shortage and various environmental issues attributed to fossil fuel, the adoption of renewable energy is growing across the globe. However, wind and solar which form the bulk of the emerging renewable energy for micro-grid applications are intermittent and need energy storage device for backup. Due to its environmentally friendly nature, the use of hydrogen as storage mechanism is now being explored for micro-grid applications. However, due to the various technical criteria attributed to various fuel cell (FC) technologies used for hydrogen production, selecting the most suitable alternative remains a challenge. This study uses evaluation based on distance from average solution, a multicriteria decision making tool to rank FC technologies that can be used to produce of hydrogen energy storage in micro-grid applications. The analysis was based on 4 FC technologies and 6 technical criteria. The results of the study show that the most preferred FC technology for micro-grid application is the polymeric electrolyte membrane while the least preferred is molten carbonate FC. It is expected that future analysis would explore the inclusion of socio-economic criteria in the evaluation of the most preferred FC technology for micro-grid application.
Modelling base electricity tariff under the Malaysia incentive-based regulation framework using system dynamics
Authors: Ahmad Norlee Husnafeza , Dahlan Nofri Yenita , Bazin Nor Erne Nazira , Yusof Yusrina , Markom Arni Munira
Published: December 2022

In the context of a single buyer (SB) electricity market, this study provides an electricity tariff model developed using system dynamics (SD). Using data from the Malaysian electricity supply industry (MESI), the model was developed with the intent of evaluating the influence of load variation on Malaysia’s base electricity tariff. Given that Malaysia’s electricity demand has increased significantly over the past few years in unison with the country’s economic growth and modernization, this model is developed to investigate the relationship between the two. Moreover, the lack of a comprehensive MESI upstream market model that can monitor this issue was the impetus for this research. This study employed an SD approach, as it is a well-known technique for simulating complex systems and analyzing the existing dynamism between each variable and each system. This model can be a valuable tool for developing an electrical tariff model. Findings revealed that the base electricity pricing on the MESI upstream market is affected by load growth variation during the 30-year time. Since new power sources are needed to meet demand, the tariff becomes more expensive as the load increases. This model may benefit the utility or generating company plan for future generation.
Comparative analysis of optimal power flow in renewable energy sources based microgrids
Authors: Muzzammel Raheel , Arshad Rabia , Bashir Sobia , Mushtaq Uzma , Durrani Fariha , Noshin Sadaf
Published: December 2022

Adaptation of renewable energy is inevitable. The idea of microgrid offers integration of renewable energy sources with conventional power generation sources. In this research, an operative approach was proposed for microgrids comprising of four different power generation sources. The microgrid is a way that mixes energy locally and empowers the end-users to add useful power to the network. IEEE-14 bus system-based microgrid was developed in MATLAB/Simulink to demonstrate the optimal power flow. Two cases of battery charging and discharging were also simulated to evaluate its realization. The solution of power flow analysis was obtained from the Newton–Raphson method and particle swarm optimization method. A comparison was drawn between these methods for the proposed model of the microgrid on the basis of transmission line losses and voltage profile. Transmission line losses are reduced to about 17% in the case of battery charging and 19 to 20% in the case of battery discharging when system was analyzed with the particle swarm optimization. Particle swarm optimization was found more promising for the deliverance of optimal power flow in the renewable energy sources-based microgrid.
Quantum behaved artificial bee colony based conventional controller for optimum dispatch
Authors: Maharana Himanshu Shekhar , Dash Saroja Kumar
Published: December 2022

Since a multi area system (MAS) is characterized by momentary overshoot, undershoot and intolerable settling time so, neutral copper conductors are replaced by multilayer zigzag graphene nano ribbon (MLGNR) interconnects that are tremendously advantageous to copper interconnects for the future transmission line conductors necessitated for economic and emission dispatch (EED) of electric supply system giving rise to reduced overshoots and settling time and greenhouse effect as well. The recent work includes combinatorial algorithm involving proportional integral and derivative controller and heuristic swarm optimization; we say it as Hybrid- particle swarm optimization (PSO) controller. The modeling of two multi area systems meant for EED is carried out by controlling the conventional proportional integral and derivative (PID) controller regulated and monitored by quantum behaved artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization based PID (QABCOPID) controller in MATLAB/Simulink platform. After the modelling and simulation of QABCOPID controller it is realized that QABCOPID is better as compared to multi span double display (MM), neural network based PID (NNPID), multi objective constriction PSO (MOCPSO) and multi objective PSO (MOPSO). The real power generation fixed by QABCOPID controller is used to estimate the combined cost and emission objectives yielding optimal solution, minimum losses and maximum efficiency of transmission line.