bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dedicated setup to isolate plasma catalysis mechanisms
Authors: Stewig C , Urbanietz T , Chauvet L , Böke M , Keudell A von
Published: December 2020

Plasma catalysis, the combination of plasma and catalysis, is used to achieve efficient molecule conversion, supporting the flexibility of operating parameters and feed gases. By combining plasmas with conventional thermal catalysis, the temperature windows may be changed and the process may be made insensitive to catalyst poisoning. However, understanding plasma catalysis mechanisms is extremely difficult, due to the strong coupling between plasma, gas-phase chemistry and surface. A multitude of reaction pathways may be enhanced or reduced by the presence of a plasma that provides excited species as reaction partners. We developed a robust setup to analyse those processes, based on a parallel-plate atmospheric-pressure plasma jet that allows a plug flow design. The plasma chemistry is analysed by Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The electrodes in contact with the plasma are temperature controlled and can easily be replaced to apply a catalyst on top of them. The basic characteristics of the setup are discussed and three examples for its application are given: (a) the analysis of methane oxidation using the plug flow scheme; (b) the plasma catalytic conversion of CO2, and (c) the plasma catalytic conversion of methane in methane–oxygen mixtures.
Improved quality of InSb-on-insulator microstructures by flash annealing into melt
Authors: Menon Heera , Södergren Lasse , Athle Robin , Johansson Jonas , Steer Matthew , Thayne Iain , Borg Mattias
Published: December 2020

Monolithic integration of III–V semiconductors with Silicon technology has instigated a wide range of new possibilities in the semiconductor industry, such as combination of digital circuits with optical sensing and high-frequency communication. A promising CMOS compatible integration process is rapid melt growth (RMG) that can yield high quality single crystalline material at low cost. This paper represents the study on ultra-thin InSb-on-insulator microstructures integrated on a Si platform by a RMG-like process. We utilize flash lamp annealing (FLA) to melt and recrystallize the InSb material for an ultra-short duration (milliseconds), to reduce the thermal budget necessary for integration with Si technology. We compare the result from FLA to regular rapid thermal annealing (seconds). Recrystallized InSb was characterized using electron back scatter diffraction which indicate a transition from nanocrystalline structure to a crystal structure with grain sizes exceeding 1 μm after the process. We further see a 100× improvement in electrical resistivity by FLA annealed sample when compared to the as-deposited InSb with an average Hall mobility of 3100 cm2 V−1 s−1 making this a promising step towards realizing monolithic mid-infrared detectors and quantum devices based on InSb.
Impact of electrostatic doping on carrier concentration and mobility in InAs nanowires
Authors: Prete Domenic , Demontis Valeria , Zannier Valentina , Rodriguez-Douton Maria Jesus , Guazzelli Lorenzo , Beltram Fabio , Sorba Lucia , Rossella Francesco
Published: December 2020

We fabricate dual-gated electric double layer (EDL) field effect transistors based on InAs nanowires gated with an ionic liquid, and we perform electrical transport measurements in the temperature range from room temperature to 4.2 K. By adjusting the spatial distribution of ions inside the ionic liquid employed as gate dielectric, we electrostatically induce doping in the nanostructures under analysis. We extract low-temperature carrier concentration and mobility in very different doping regimes from the analysis of current–voltage characteristics and transconductances measured exploiting global back-gating. In the liquid gate voltage interval from −2 to 2 V, carrier concentration can be enhanced up to two orders of magnitude. Meanwhile, the effect of the ionic accumulation on the nanowire surface turns out to be detrimental to the electron mobility of the semiconductor nanostructure: the electron mobility is quenched irrespectively to the sign of the accumulated ionic species. The reported results shine light on the effective impact on crucial transport parameters of EDL gating in semiconductor nanodevices and they should be considered when designing experiments in which electrostatic doping of semiconductor nanostructures via electrolyte gating is involved.
Another decade of photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Das Dhiman , Sharma Arunima , Rajendran Praveenbalaji , Pramanik Manojit
Published: December 2020

Photoacoustic imaging—a hybrid biomedical imaging modality finding its way to clinical practices. Although the photoacoustic phenomenon was known more than a century back, only in the last two decades it has been widely researched and used for biomedical imaging applications. In this review we focus on the development and progress of the technology in the last decade (2011–2020). From becoming more and more user friendly, cheaper in cost, portable in size, photoacoustic imaging promises a wide range of applications, if translated to clinic. The growth of photoacoustic community is steady, and with several new directions researchers are exploring, it is inevitable that photoacoustic imaging will one day establish itself as a regular imaging system in the clinical practices.
Quantum phase diagrams of matter-field Hamiltonians II: Wigner function analysis
Authors: López-Peña R , Cordero S , Nahmad-Achar E , Castaños O
Published: December 2020

Non-classical states are of practical interest in quantum computing and quantum metrology. These states can be detected through their Wigner function negativity in some regions. We show that the surfaces of minimum fidelity or maximum Bures distance constitute a signature of quantum phase transitions. Additionally the behaviour of the Wigner function associated to the field modes carry the information of both, the entanglement properties between matter and field sectors, and the regions of the parameter space where the quantum phase transitions take place. A finer classification for the continuous phase transitions is obtained through the computation of the surface of maximum Bures distance.
Effect of Fock terms on nuclear symmetry energy based on Lorentz-covariant decomposition of nucleon self-energies
Authors: Miyatsu Tsuyoshi , Cheoun Myung-Ki , Ishizuka Chikako , Kim K. S. , Maruyama Tomoyuki , Saito Koichi
Published: December 2020

Using the Lorentz-covariant decomposition of nucleon self-energies with relativistic mean-field approximation, we study the effect of Fock terms on the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy, E
sym. It is found that the Fock contribution suppresses the potential part of E
sym at higher densities, and the constraint from the heavy-ion collision data is in favor of the present result including exchange terms with the cutoff parameters given by the CD-Bonn potential. In addition, not only the isovector-vector (ρ) meson but also the isoscalar (σ, ω) and π mesons give influence on the potential part of E
sym through the exchange diagram.
Results on 82Se 2νββ with CUPID-0 Phase I
Authors: Pagnanini L , Azzolini O , Beeman J W , Bellini F , Beretta M , Biassoni M , Brofferio C , Bucci C , Capelli S , Cardani L , Carniti P , Casali N , Chiesa D , Clemenza M , Cremonesi O , Cruciani A , Dafinei I , Domizio S Di , Ferroni F , Gironi L , Giuliani A , Gorla P , Gotti C , Keppel G , Martinez M , Nagorny S , Nastasi M , Nisi S , Nones C , Orlandi D , Pallavicini M , Pattavina L , Pavan M , Pessina G , Pettinacci V , Pirro S , Pozzi S , Previtali E , Puiu A , Rusconi C , Schäffner K , Tomei C , Vignati M , Zolotarova A S
Published: December 2020

The nucleus is an extraordinarily complex object where fundamental forces are at work. The solution of this many-body problem has challenged physicists for decades: several models with complementary virtues and flaws have been adopted, none of which has a universal predictive capability. Double beta decay is a second order weak nuclear decay whose precise measurement might steer fundamental improvements in nuclear theory. Its knowledge paves the way to a much better understanding of many body nuclear dynamics and clarifies, in particular, the role of multiparticle states. This is a useful input to a complete understanding of the dynamics of neutrino-less double beta decay, the chief physical process whose discovery may shed light to matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe and unveil the true nature of neutrinos. Here, we report the study of 2νββ-decay in 82Se with the CUPID-0 detector, an array of ZnSe crystals maintained at a temperature close to ‘absolute zero’ in an ultralow background environment. Thanks to the unprecedented accuracy in the measurement of the two electrons spectrum, we prove that the decay is dominated by a single intermediate state. We obtain also the most precise value for the 82Se 2νββ-decay half-life of

T

1
/
2

2
ν

=

[

8.6

+
0.2

−
0.1

]

×

10

19

yr.
Search for neutrino-less double beta decay of 48Ca-CANDLES-
Authors: Umehara S. , Nomachi M. , Kishimoto T. , Ajimura S. , Takemoto Y. , Tetsuno K. , Takihira K. , Matsuoka K. , Trang V. T. T. , Yoshida S. , Shokati M. , Li X. , Batpurev T. , Khai B. T. , Lee K. , Akutagawa K. , Soberi F. , Mizukoshi K. , Yamamoto K. , Tamagawa Y. , Ogawa I. , Nakajima K. , Tozawa M. , Shimizu K. , Shimizu K. , Mori Y. , Ikeyama Y. , Ozawa K. , Matsuoka K. , Iida T. , Fushimi K. , Hazama R. , Noithong P. , Suzuki K. , Ohsumi H.
Published: December 2020

We have studied the neutrino-less double beta decay(0νββ) of 48Ca with the CANDLES III system, which consists of CaF2(pure) scintillators. Rejection analyses for background events from radioactive contaminations in the CaF2(pure) scintillators were effective to reduce backgrounds in Qββ
-value region. As the results, no events were observed in the region for the data of 131 days × 86 kg. It gave a lower limit 6.2 × 1022 year (90 % C.L.) for the half-life of 0νββ of 48Ca. For higher sensitive measurement of 48Ca 0νββ, we have developed new techniques for 48Ca enrichment and CaF2 scintillating bolometer. In this paper, we will also show current status of these techniques.
Performance of the OEDO beamline
Authors: Hwang J W , Michimasa S , Yamada K , Ota S , Dozono M , Imai N , Yoshida K , Yanagisawa Y , Kusaka K , Ohtake M , Matsushita M , Ahn D S , Beliuskina O , Chiga N , Chikaato K , Fukuda N , Hayakawa S , Ideguchi E , Iribe K , Iwamoto C , Kawase S , Kawata K , Kitamura N , Masuoka S , Miyatake H , Nagae D , Nakajima R , Nakamura T , Nakano K , Omika S , Otsu H , Sakurai H , Schrock P , Shimizu H , Shimizu Y , Sumikama T , Sun X , Suzuki D , Suzuki H , Takaki M , Takechi M , Takeda H , Takeuchi S , Teranishi T , Tsunoda R , Wang H , Watanabe Y , Watanabe Y X , Wimmer K , Yako K , Yamaguchi H , Yang L , Yoshida H , Shimoura S
Published: December 2020

The OEDO (Optimized Energy Degrading Optics for RI beam) beamline has been developed to obtain low-energy (10 – 50 MeV/u) RI beams by slowing down the secondary beams at RIBF, RIKEN. Such beams are useful probes to investigate nuclear structure by means of nucleon transfer and Coulomb excitation reactions. The beamline is designed to produce a well-focused beam of small energy spread with the help of the angle-tuneable wedge degrader and the radio-frequency deflector. The commissioning and first physics experiments using the OEDO beamline were carried out in 2017. OEDO successfully provided the energy-degraded beams of Se, Zr, and Pd. Its performance including the optics and transmission was evaluated using those experimental data and it functions properly as designed. We expect that our novel beamline shed a light on the experimental approaches involving nuclear reactions at several tens of MeV/u to expand our knowledge of nuclei far beyond the line of stability.
Nuclear Symmetry Energies at Supra-saturation Densities Extracted from Observations of Neutron Stars and Gravitational Waves
Authors: Li Bao-An , Xie Wen-Jie , Zhang Nai-Bo
Published: December 2020

The high-density behavior of nuclear symmetry energy is the most uncertain part of the Equation of State (EOS) of dense neutron-rich nucleonic matter. It has significant ramifications in understanding properties of nuclear reactions induced by rare isotopes, neutron stars and gravitational waves from various sources. To infer the underlying EOS of dense neutron-rich nuclear matter from observables of neutron stars is the longstanding neutron star inverse-structure problem. To make progress in solving this problem, we advanced two inversion approaches: (1) the direct inversion in the three-dimensional high-density EOS parameter space and (2) Bayesian inference of six EOS parameters statistically. Neutron star observational data obtained so far, especially their radii from analyzing gravitational waves (e.g., via the tidal deformability) from GW170817 and X-rays from quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries can already help constrain significantly the nuclear EOS up to about twice the saturation density of nuclear matter. In particular, the nuclear symmetry energy at twice the saturation density of nuclear matter E
sym(2ρ
0) is found to be

39.2

+
12.1

−
8.2

MeV at 68% confidence level.
Experimental Challenges of the First Mass Measurement Campaign at the Rare-RI Ring
Authors: Naimi S. , Li H.F. , Abe Y. , Yamaguchi Y. , Nagae D. , Suzaki F. , Wakasugi M. , Arakawa H. , Dou W. , Hamakawa D. , Hosoi S. , Inada Y. , Inomata K. , Kajiki D. , Kobayashi T. , Sakaue M. , Yokoya K. , Yamaguchi T. , Kagesawa R. , Kamioka D. , Moriguchi T. , Mukai M. , Ozawa A. , Ota S. , Kitamura N. , Masuaoka S. , Michimasa S. , Ahn D. S. , Baba H. , Fukuda N. , Shimizu Y. , Suzuki H. , Takeda H. , Fu C.Y. , Ge Z. , Suzuki S. , Wang Q. , Wang M. , Litvinov Yu.A. , Lorusso G. , Uesaka T.
Published: December 2020

With the recent commissioning of the Rare-RI Ring (R3), nuclear mass measurement of rare isotopes (RIs) produced at the RI Beam Factory (RIBF) at RIKEN has become possible. The R3 spectrometer is based on the Isochronous Mass Spectrometry technique that allows for reaching a mass measurement precision of 10−6 within less than 1 ms. With the newly established self-triggered individual injection method, R3 specialized in mass measurements of extremely short-lived nuclei with low production yields.

In this paper, we report the first mass measurement campaign conducted at the R3 addressing nuclei in the vicinity of N=50 and N=82 neutron magic numbers, with a particular focus on the challenges of this new facility.
Shell-model studies of the astrophysical rp-process reactions 34S(p,γ)35Cl and 34
g,m

Cl(p,γ)35Ar
Authors: Richter W. A. , Brown B. Alex , Longland R. , Wrede C. , Fry C. , Denisenkov P. , Herwig F. , Kurtulgil D. , Pignatari M. , Reifarth R.
Published: December 2020

The two rp-reactions 34S(p,γ)35Cl and 34
g,m

Cl(p,γ)35Ar were studied via a shell-model approach. At energies in the resonance region near the proton-emission threshold many negative-parity states appear. We present results of calculations in a full (0+1)ℏω model space which addresses this problem. Energies, spectroscopic factors and proton-decay widths are calculated for input into the reaction rates. Comparisons are also made with a recent experimental determination of the reaction rate for the 34S(3He,d)35Cl reaction. The thermonuclear 34
g,m

Cl(p,γ)35Ar reaction rates are unknown because of a lack of experimental data. The rates for transitions from the ground state of 34Cl as well as from the isomeric first excited state of 34Cl are explicitly calculated taking into account the relative populations of the two states.
Recent advances in the description of reactions involving exotic nuclei
Authors: Capel Pierre
Published: December 2020

In this contribution to the proceedings of the International Nuclear Physics Conference 2019, I review recent developments made in reaction models used to analyse data measured at radioactive-ion beam facilities to study exotic nuclear structures. I focus in particular on reactions like elastic scattering and breakup, which are used to study halo nuclei. Although these peculiar nuclei challenge usual nuclear-structure models, some can now be computed ab initio. This brief review illustrates the progress made in nuclear-reaction theory in the last few years to improve the description of the projectile within reaction models. I dedicate this contribution to the memory of Mahir Hussein, who has significantly contributed to this field and who passed away in May this year.
Fission rate of excited nuclei at variable friction in the energy diffusion regime
Authors: Chushnyakova M V , Gontchar I I
Published: December 2020

Presently, it is well established that fission of excited nuclei is a dynamical process being a subject of fluctuations and dissipation. In the literature, there are indications that, at the compact nucleus shapes, the strength of nuclear friction is significantly reduced in comparison with the prediction of the one-body approach. Thus, one can expect that at small deformations the nuclear fission process occurs in the so-called “energy diffusion regime”. The purpose of our present work is to compare an approximate analytical formula for the fission rate in this regime with the quasistationary numerical rate which is exact within the statistical errors. Our calculations demonstrate relatively good agreement between these two rates provided the friction parameter is deformation independent. If one accounts for its deformation dependence, the agreement becomes significantly poorer.
Isomeric cross section ratios data as a test for codes descriptive of nuclear reactions
Authors: Chuvilskaya T V
Published: December 2020

Investigations of isomeric cross-section ratios of the reactions 187Re(a,n)190mgIr, 194Pt(a,n)197mgHg and 41K(a,n)44mgSc in the energy range 18 – 32 MeV are carried out using off-beam measurements of induced activity of members of the isomeric pair. Analysis of the obtained ICSR data is performed using the codes EMPIRE-3 and TALYS. The reliability of these advanced data-containing codes is analyzed. The results of the measurements of the isomeric cross section ratios are proved to be a promising test of the codes and their capability to reproduce angular momentum dynamics of the discussed and related reactions.
Isospin triplet A=12: search for states with enhanced radii
Authors: Demyanova A S , Danilov A N , Ogloblin A A , Starastsin V I , Dmitriev S V , Sergeev V M , Goncharov S A , Belyaeva T L , Maslov V A , Sobolev Yu G , Penionzhkevich Yu E , Trzaska W H , Khlebnikov S V , Tyurin G P , Burtebaev N , Janseitov D , Gurov Yu B
Published: December 2020

Two independent methods: Asymptotic Normalization Coefficients (ANC) and Modified Diffraction Model (MDM) were applied to new and existing experimental data to search for states with enhanced radii in isobaric analogue states (IAS) of 12B and 12N. The ANC analysis of the 11B(d,p)12B reaction at Ed = 21.5 MeV has confirmed neutron halo existence for two states of 12B: 2−, 1.67 MeV and 1−, 2.62 MeV [1]. Some new results were obtained for higher excited states: halo-like states were observed for 0+, 2.72 MeV and 3−, 3.39 MeV states. It should be mentioned that the last one is unbound state, which is 19 keV above the neutron emission threshold and in both states last neutron has a non-zero orbital momentum (ln=1 and ln=2 correspondingly). We propose to use MDM to study isobaric analogue states of 12B in the mirror 12N nucleus and apply it to analyze the (3He,t) reaction data. The existing in the literature data are not completed enough to make definite conclusion about halo in the 2− and 1− states of 12N. This fact simulated us to carry out a new experiment on the 12C(3He,t)12N reaction at the end of 2018. The measurements were conducted at the University of Jyväskylä (Finland) using the K130 cyclotron to produce a 3He beam at E(3He)=40 MeV. The differential cross sections of the 12C(3He,t)12N reaction were measured in the c.m. angular range 8°–70°. Preliminary results for angular distributions are obtained. MDM analysis of preliminary (3He,t) experimental data is done.
Studies of K−-nuclei interactions at low-energies by AMADEUS
Authors: Del Grande R. , Bazzi M. , Bragadireanu A. M. , Bosnar D. , Cargnelli M. , Clozza A. , Curceanu C. , De Paolis L. , Fabbietti L. , Ghio F. , Guaraldo C. , Iliescu M. , Iwasaki M. , Levi Sandri P. , Marton J. , Miliucci M. , Moskal P. , Okada S. , Piscicchia K. , Ramos A. , Scordo A. , Silarski M. , Sirghi D. L. , Sirghi F. , Skurzok M. , Spallone A. , Vazquez Doce O. , Widmann E. , Wycech S. , Zmeskal J.
Published: December 2020

The AMADEUS collaboration is providing unique experimental information on the low-energy strong interaction between K− and nucleons exploiting the low momentum K− (pK ∼ 127 MeV/c) produced at the DAΦNE collider and using the KLOE detector as active target. The absorption of the K− in light nuclei (H, 4He, 9Be and 12C) are investigated and hyperon-pion/hyperon-nucleons, emitted in the final state, are reconstructed. In the present work the results obtained from the study of Λπ−, Ap and At correlated production will be presented.
Inclusive breakup measurements of the 7Li+ 119Sn reaction
Authors: Fernández-García J. P. , Alvarez M. A. G. , Cherubini S. , Di Pietro A. , D’Agata G. , Fernández B. , Figuera P. , Fisichella M. , Giulino M. , La Cognata M. , Lamia L. , Lattuada M. , Lei J. , Moro A. M. , Pizzone R. G. , Santonicito D. , Sparta R. , Tumino A. , Shotter A. C. , Zadro M.
Published: December 2020

We present preliminary data of elastic scattering and inclusive breakup cross sections for the 7Li+ 119Sn reaction, recently measured at the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS-INFN) (Catania, Italy) at energies around the Coulomb barrier (E
lab
= 21.2 and 26.5 MeV). The experimental data have been analyzed under the Optical Model and Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels methods.
Modelling nuclei far from stability with a multichannel approach
Authors: Fraser P R , Amos K , Canton L , Karataglidis S , van der Knijff D
Published: December 2020

Recently, new high-precision data reconfirmed the existence of narrow resonances in the p+14O cross section, first predicted by the multi-channel algebraic scattering (MCAS) theory of light-mass, low-energy scattering and later found by other experimental means. Prompted by this and a decade of extension to the method, we have updated the original MCAS study.

Additionally, we use MCAS to interpret the low-energy spectrum of 19 F, which has an interesting structure that appears to stem from clusterisation, and we compare the results of several types. As only early, small-basis shell model investigations of this spectrum exist, we also perform a complete (0 + 2)ħω calculation.

MCAS is well suited to these studies, having the advantage of accounting for the Pauli principle between the nucleons of the clusters, and so spurious states of the compound nucleus are removed.
Study of spin-isospin response of 11Li neutron-drip-line nucleus with PANDORA
Authors: Stuhl L. , Sasano M. , Gao J. , Hirai Y. , Yako K. , Wakasa T. , Ahn D. S. , Baba H. , Chilug A. I. , Franchoo S. , Fujino Y. , Fukuda N. , Gibelin J. , Hahn I. S. , Halász Z. , Harada T. , Harakeh M. N. , Inomoto D. , Isobe T. , Kasahara H. , Kim D. , Kiss G. G. , Kobayashi T. , Kondo Y. , Korkulu Z. , Koyama S. , Kubota Y. , Kurihara A. , Liu H. N. , Matsumoto M. , Michimasa S. , Miki H. , Miwa M. , Motobayashi T. , Nakamura T. , Nishimura M. , Otsu H. , Panin V. , Park S. , Saito A. T. , Sakai H. , Sato H. , Shimada T. , Shimizu Y. , Shimoura S. , Spiridon A. , Stefanescu I. C. , Sun X. , Sun Y. L. , Suzuki H. , Togano Y. , Tomai T. , Trache L. , Tudor D. , Uesaka T. , Yamada H. , Yang Z. , Yasuda M. , Yoneda K. , Yoshida K. , Zenihiro J. , Zhang N.
Published: December 2020

The spin-isospin responses of the 11Li drip-line nucleus has been measured. Preliminary results of the 11Li(p, n)11Be experiment in inverse kinematics at RI Beam Factory (RIBF) of RIKEN Nishina Center are presented including the observation of 1n, 2n, t, d, 2α and 6He+α decay channels of 11Be reaction product. Details of the experimental setup based on PANDORA (Particle Analyzer Neutron Detector Of Real-time Acquisition) low-energy neutron detector and the SAMURAI large-acceptance magnetic spectrometer are described.
Structures and production cross sections of p-shell Lambda-hypernuclei calculated with multi-configuration shell model
Authors: Umeya Atsushi , Motoba Toshio , Itonaga Kazunori
Published: December 2020

The high-resolution data of the 10B (e, e′K
+)

Λ

10

Be experiment done at the Jefferson National Laboratory reported a new bump, which cannot be explained by the DWIA calculation by employing the conventional shell-model wave functions. To describe the new bump, we have extended the model space by introducing a new configuration with 1ħω excitation for both nuclear and hyperon states. We show that the DWIA calculation by using the extended shell-model wave functions successfully explains the new bump for the first time, and that the p-state Λ in the lower molecular orbit plays an important role in the appearance of the new bump.
19B isotope as a 17B-n-n three-body cluster close to unitary limit
Authors: Carbonell J. , Hiyama E. , Lazauskas R. , Marqués F. M.
Published: December 2020

We describe 19B in terms of a 17B-n-n three-body system, where the two-body subsystems 17B-n and n-n are unbound (virtual) states close to the unitary limit. The energy of 19 B ground state is well reproduced and two low-lying resonances are predicted. Their eventual link with the Efimov physics is discussed. This model can be extended to describe the recently discovered resonant states in 20,21B.
SRC based model for the nuclear structure
Authors: Dalal Ranjeet
Published: December 2020

The existence of SRCs inside nuclei has been verified by many experiments [1-3] and is considered to be underlying reason behind the EMC effect [4]. After discussion of various motivation for the new approach, a SRC based nuclear structure model is proposed. The model is shown to be equivalent to the liquid drop model for the consideration of the nuclear binding energy and its equivalence to the cluster model for specific applications is also highlighted. The proposed model provides many new insights about various nuclear observables and some of them are discussed qualitatively.
Study of exotic decay of Cs isotope close to the proton drip line
Authors: Das P. , Dattaf Ushasi , Chakraborty S. , Rahman A. , Borge M.J.G. , Tengblad O. , Andreyev A. N. , Becerril A. , Bhattacharya P. , Bhattacharyya A. , Cederkall J. , Witte H. De , Fraile L. M. , Gottberg A. , Greenlees P. T. , Harkness-Brennan L.J. , Huyse M. , Judson D.S. , Konki J. , Kurcewicz J. , Kowalska M. , Lazarus I. , Lica R. , Mandal S. , Madurga M. , Marginean N. , Marginean R. , Mihai C. , Morroquin I. , Nacher E. , Negret A. , Page R. D. , Pascu S. , Perea A. , Pucknell V. , Rahkila P. , Rapisarda E. , Rotaru F. , Ray J. , Sotty C. O. , Duppen P. Van , Vedia V. , Warr N. , Stora T. , Wadsworth R.
Published: December 2020

The neutron-deficient 115Cs was produced at ISOLDE, CERN by spallation reaction using 1.4 GeV proton on LaC2 target. The exotic decay modes were studied by using a charged particle array (DSSD and pad detectors) and a γ-detector array (four Clovers) at the ISOLDE decay station (IDS). In this report, results on observed β-delayed particle emission from 115Cs, a nucleus close to proton drip line, is presented. By measuring the time distribution in the delayed proton spectrum, the half-life of the ground state of 115Cs was extracted. The obtained half-life is in agreement with previous reported value. For the first time, the p-unbound states of 115Xe, obtained by measuring beta-delayed protons from 115Cs is reported.
A High-Resolution Study of the 110Tc → 110Ru → 110Rh → 110Pd Decay Chain with the GRETINA Array
Authors: Jazrawi S. , Doherty D.T. , Allmond J.M. , Regan P.H. , Janssens R.V.F. , Korten W. , Zhu S. , Zielińska M. , Radford D. , Ansari S. , Auranen K. , Bucher B. , Carpenter M.P. , Catford W.N. , Hadyńska-Klek K. , Henderson J. , Hendricks M. , Komorowska M. , Kondev F.G. , Lauritsen T. , Li J. , Lotay G. , Napiorkowski P.J. , Padilla-Rodal E. , Pardo R.C. , Rasco B.C. , Reviol W. , Sarantites D.G. , Seweryniak D. , Santiago-Gonzalez D. , Savard G. , Singh P. , Stolze S.M. , Vondrasek R. , Wilson G. , Wu C.Y. , Wu J.
Published: December 2020

Spectroscopic data, such as precise γ-ray branching and E2/M1 multipole-mixing ratios, provide vital constraints when performing multi-dimensional Coulomb-excitation analyses. Consequently, as part of our new Coulomb-excitation campaign aimed at investigating the role of exotic non-axial (triaxial) deformations in the unstable refractory Ru-Mo isotopes, additional beta-decay data was obtained. These measurements make use of ANL’s CARIBU facility, which provides intense beams of radioactive refractory isotopes along with the excellent efficiency and angular resolution of the GRETINA γ-ray tracking array. In this article, we report on the analysis of the A = 110 decay chain, focussing on the identification of previously unreported states in 110Ru following the decay of 110Tc.
Fine structure of the isoscalar giant monopole resonance in 48Ca
Authors: Olorunfunmi S.D. , Usman I.T. , Carter J. , Pellegri L. , Molema P.T. , Sideras—Haddad E. , Neveling R. , Smit F.D. , Adsley P. , Donaldson L.M. , Pellegri L. , Steyn G.F. , von Neumann-Cosel P. , Pietralla N. , Arsenyev N.N. , Papka P. , Li K.C.W. , Brümmer J.W. , O’Neill G. G. , Pesudo V. , Marín—Lámbarri D.J. , Fujita H. , Tamii A.
Published: December 2020

Experiments investigating the fine structure of the IsoScalar Giant Monopole Resonance (ISGMR) of 48Ca were carried out with a 200 MeV alpha inelastic-scattering reaction, using the high energy-resolution capability and the zero-degree setup at the K600 magnetic spectrometer of iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa. Considerable fine structure is observed in the energy region of the ISGMR. Characteristic energy scales are extracted from the experimental data by means of a wavelet analysis and compared with the state-of-the-art theoretical calculations within a Skyrme-RPA (random phase approximation) approach using the finite-rank separable approximation with the inclusion of phonon-phonon coupling (PPC). Good agreement was observed between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions.
Recent progress on hypernuclei
Authors: Gal Avraham
Published: December 2020

Some of last year’s progress made in hypernuclear physics is reviewed as follows: (i) resolving the

∧
5

He overbinding problem in single-Λ hypernuclei [1]; (ii) arguing that the onset of binding double-Λ hypernuclei is most likely at A=5, with the neutral systems

n

∧∧
3

and

n

∧∧
4

unbound by a large margin [2]; and (iii) revising the calculated value of the loosely bound

∧
3

H

lifetime to a level of ∼20% shorter than the free Λ lifetime [3], given recent claims from relativistic heavy ion experiments that τ(

∧
3

H

) is shorter than τΛ by as much as ≈(30±8)%. Also discussed briefly in this context is the lifetime expected for the questionable

∧
3

n

hypernucleus.
Probing low-energy QCD with kaonic atoms at DAΦNE
Authors: Tüchler M , Zmeskal J , Amirkhani A , Amsler C , Baniahmad A , Bazzi M , Bosnar D , Bragadireanu M A , Bühler P , Cargnelli M , Carminati M , Clozza A , Curceanu C , Del Grande R , De Paolis L , Fabbietti L , Fiorini C , Guaraldo C , Iliescu M , Iwasaki M , Levi Sandri P , Marton J , Miliucci M , Moskal P , Niedzwiecki S , Okada S , Piscicchia K , Scordo A , Silarski M , Sirghi D , Sirghi F , Skurzok M , Spallone A , Vazquez Doce O , Widmann E
Published: December 2020

X-ray spectroscopy of kaonic atoms provides a versatile tool to study the strong interaction at low energies via a direct observation of its influence on the ground state of kaonic hydrogen atoms. The SIDDHARTA experiment provided precise results on the energy shift and width of the kaonic hydrogen 1s state induced by the strong interaction. To enable the extraction of the antikaon-nucleon scattering lengths a0
and a1, SIDDHARTA-2 aims to determine the energy shift and width in kaonic deuterium with precisions of 30 eV and 75 eV, respectively. This measurement is aggravated by the low kaonic deuterium X-ray yield and a high background environment and will only be possible by implementing a severe upgrade on the SIDDHARTA apparatus.
Insights into the Origin of Mass
Authors: Roberts Craig D.
Published: December 2020

Atomic nuclei are the core of everything we can see. At the first level of approximation, their atomic weights are simply the sum of the masses of all the nucleons they contain. Each nucleon has a mass mN
≈ 1 GeV, i.e. approximately 2000-times the electron mass. The Higgs boson produces the latter, but what produces the nucleon mass? This is the crux: the vast bulk of the mass of a nucleon is lodged with the energy needed to hold quarks together inside it; and that is supposed to be explained by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the strong-interaction piece within the Standard Model. This contribution canvasses the potential for a coherent effort in QCD phenomenology and theory, coupled with experiments at existing and planned facilities, to reveal the origin and distribution of mass by focusing on the properties of the strong-interaction Nambu-Goldstone modes. Key experiments are approved at JLab 12; planned with COMPASS++/AMBER at CERN; and could deliver far-reaching insights by exploiting the unique capabilities foreseen at an electron ion collider.
Simulation of a Neutron Source at the KFSH&RC CS-30 Cyclotron
Authors: Alsaidan S. , Akhdar H. , Alrumayan F. , Kezzar K.
Published: December 2020

The aim of this work is to optimize the parameters of the CS-30 cyclotron neutron source at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center (KFSH&RC). The CS-30 cyclotron is a positive ion machine capable of accelerating protons with internal and extracted beam currents up to 100μA and 60μA respectively. Geant4 simulation toolkit based on Monte Carlo methods was used to study and compare the energy spectra and the angular distributions of the neutrons resulting from a 26.5 MeV proton beam on a 0.5 cm thick target Beryllium-9 with a 0.15 cm Copper-63 back stop.
Slow deformation waves in an elastoplastic medium with faults
Authors: Kazakbaeva A A , Smolin I Yu
Published: December 2020

Slow deformation waves are excited mainly by natural processes in the Earth’s crust and lithosphere and are manifested in changes in the seismic regime and geophysical fields. There are two main types of slow deformation waves: inter-fault and intra-fault. The principal difference in the nature of the propagation of these zones is that in the case of transmission of deformation excitation from fault to fault (inter-fault wave) the speed value is in the range from 20 km/year to 30 km/year or more. If the excitation of processes occurs within a single fault zone (intra-fault wave) the speed varies from 10 km/year to 4 km/year or less. Structural maps of the model medium with faults were used to study the generation and propagation of inter-fault slow deformation waves. A mathematical model proposed by P. V. Makarov was used to perform test calculations for the generation and propagation of slow deformation waves in nonlinear elastic-plastic media. The features of the propagation of deformation waves are investigated for different fault positions in the calculation region. It is shown that the propagating fronts of slow perturbations in the medium have different shapes depending on the location of the faults in the calculation regions. The zigzag nature of the wave front is revealed in a medium with faults in the center. When fault ends are located near the boundary of the calculation region, they have a quasi planar shape.
Mathematical modeling of the formation and decomposition of a metastable product during MSHS
Authors: Lapshin O V
Published: December 2020

Synthesis and decomposition of nonequilibrium phases are studied in a thin-layer gas-free system that forms metastable products, using a developed mathematical model and numerical methods. The model uses the chemical transformation equation, which takes into account the possibility of the formation and decomposition of a metastable product, as well as the energy equation with the possibility of external heating and cooling of the reaction sample. The development of a chemical reaction is considered under two extremely different conditions: wave synthesis and thermal explosion. Characteristic modes of the process are found. The possibility of multiple synthesis of a metastable product, determined by external heat input and heat removal in a reacting condensed system, is shown. It is revealed that for the reaction wave propagation, three modes of formation and decomposition of metastable phases can take place: breaking, merging, and quenching.
Coated electrospun polyamide-6/chitosan scaffold with hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Niu Xiaolian , Qin Miao , Xu Mengjie , Zhao Liqin , Wei Yan , Hu Yinchun , Lian Xiaojie , Chen Song , Chen Weiyi , Huang Di
Published: December 2020

Polyamide-6 (PA6) is a synthetic polymer that bears resemblance to collagen in its backbone and has excellent stability in human body fluid. Chitosan (CS) with the similar structure to that of the polysaccharides existing in the extracellular matrix (ECM), has a more suitable biodegradation rate for the formation of new-bone. Electrospun fiber have nanoscale structure, high porosity and large specific surface area, can simulate the structure and biological function of the natural ECM. To meet the requirements of mechanical properties and biocompatibility of bone tissue engineering, electrospun PA6/CS scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning technology. The mineralized PA6/CS scaffolds were obtained through immersion in 1.5× simulated body fluid (1.5SBF), which allowed the hydroxyapatite (HA) layer to grow into the thickness range under very mild reaction conditions without the need of a prior chemical modification of the substrate surface. The results showed that electrospun PA6/CS fibrous scaffolds in the diameter range of 60–260 nm mimic the nanostructure of the ECM. The tensile strength and modulus of 10PA6/CS fibrous scaffolds reach up to 12.67 ± 2.31 MPa and 95.52 ± 6.78 MPa, respectively. After mineralization, HA particles uniformly distributed on the surface of PA6/CS fibrous scaffolds in a porous honeycomb structure, and the content of mineral was about 40%. In addition, cell culture study indicated that the mineralized PA6/CS composite scaffolds were non-cytotoxic, and had a good biocompatibility and an ability to promote MC3T3-E1 cell attachment and proliferation.
Comparing productivity and feed-use efficiency between organic and conventional livestock animals
Authors: Gaudaré Ulysse , Pellerin Sylvain , Benoit Marc , Durand Guillaume , Dumont Bertrand , Barbieri Pietro , Nesme Thomas
Published: December 2020

Livestock animals play a key role in organic farming systems by providing nutrients for croplands through manure production and nutrient-dense food for human consumption. However, we lack global, synthetic view about livestock productivity in organic farming and about its differences with conventional farming. Here we fill this important gap of knowledge by providing a first global comparison highlighting differences between organic and conventional farming on animal productivity, feeding strategy and feed use efficiency in dairy cattle, pigs and poultry (both layers and broilers). We found (a) a 12% lower animal productivity under organic treatment, (b) significant differences in feeding strategy, especially for organic dairy cattle fed with a lower proportion of concentrate and food-competing feed than in conventional systems, (c) an overall 14% lower feed-use efficiency under organic treatment (−11% and −47% for organic dairy cattle and poultry broilers, respectively) compensated by (d) a 46% lower human-food vs animal-feed competition in organic dairy cattle. These results provide critical information on the sustainability of organic livestock management. They are also key for modelling global organic farming expansion while avoiding overestimation of organic farming production in upscaling scenarios.
Features of the structure and spread of the root system of wild species of legumes and their reaction to the level of groundwater
Authors: Abdushaeva Ya M , Shtro O V
Published: December 2020

Improving the feed base in the North-West region is a priority for providing farm animals with complete feeds. Perennial legumes contain nutrients that are necessary to increase the productivity of farm animals and adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the region. Legume plants in the composition of grass mixtures form high and stable yields, are characterized by intensive growth rates after the next alienation, and are resistant to intensive hay or pasture use. Each plant species has different requirements for the biological characteristics of growth and development to the growing conditions, therefore, monitoring of species is relevant for their further conservation. For the successful realization of the potential capabilities of perennial leguminous plants, it is necessary to effectively use their gene pool of wild and cultivated species that grow in the flora of the Novgorod region. The article studies the biological and economic properties and characterizes perennial leguminous plants for cultivation in the North-West region of Russia. Laws of transformation of matter and energy within the agrogeosystem and methods for their improvement. Plant communities were identified in which perennial leguminous plants grow, which have selection value as a source material for selection. The structural features of root systems, the reaction to the groundwater level were studied, and their ecological plasticity was revealed.
The problem of vegetable protein and its solutions
Authors: Abdushaeva Ya M
Published: December 2020

The article provides data on improving the raw material base for high protein feeds production on the example of perennial legumes – bird’s foot trefoil, sickle alfalfa, and meadow and hybrid clover. The studied cultures are compared in terms of their vegetation phases, mowing period, chemical composition, yield of green and dry mass. The time and conditions to obtain the highest content of vegetable proteins is indicated.
Method of casein obtaining from skimmilk using oligochitosans
Authors: Alieva L R , Evdokimov I A , Lodygin A D , Sushinskaia N V , Kurchenko V P , Permyakov A V
Published: December 2020

The interaction of milk proteins and oligochitosans is based on formation of electrostatic complex between negatively charged casein micelles and positively charged polysaccharide groups. At low concentrations of oligochitosans, partial interaction with milk proteins occurs. Maximum protein coagulation (90 %) is achieved in equivalence zone at the concentration of oligochitosans: 45.3 kDa-0.88×10−4 M; 25.4 kDa-1.57×10−4 M; 7.7 kDa – 5.19×10−4 M; 1.5 kDa-26.67×10−4 M. In these concentrations, taking into account the molecular weight and degree of deacetylation of oligochitosans, the total content of protonated amino groups is equal 2.4×10−4 M. When t protein content in skimmed milk is 3.0 % - 3.2%, oligochitosans of any molecular weight and degree of deacetylation can be used for casein coagulation, important that the final concentration of amino groups should be 2.4×10−4 M. It was determined that the use of the studied samples of oligochitosan allows to obtain coacervate where 1 g of oligochitosan binds 6.0 – 6.2 g of milk proteins.
Monitoring the degree of contamination of milk with residual amounts of antibiotics by manufacturers
Authors: Artyukhova S I , Tolstoguzova T T , Gunkova P I , Ushakova S G , Luneva O N , Voskanyan O S
Published: December 2020

Over the past 20 years, there has been an increase in demand for organic agriculture products in Russia, which is associated with an increase in the popularity of healthy lifestyle. The general public is showing an increasing interest in their health and healthy nutrition, one of the important components of which is the use of environmentally friendly products. Milk and dairy products are traditionally included in the list of daily foods consumed in a “healthy” diet. The increased use of antibiotics in animal husbandry as therapeutic, prophylactic and growth-stimulating agents and non-observance of the rejection period of milk after treatment of animals are the reasons that certain lots of raw milk contain residual amounts of medicinal preparations in excess of the norm. Periodically published results of inspections by Rospotrebnadzor confirm that such excess occurs in finished dairy products of certain manufacturers. The article presents the results of a study of the safety of milk in the Omsk region, which is supplied for processing using a universal express method, which makes it possible to efficiently detect simultaneously antibiotics of four groups in raw milk in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations. 3.653 samples from farms supplying raw milk from 5 districts of the Omsk region were checked; the share of rejected raw milk samples for 12 months of the study was 0.7% of all analyzed samples, this is more than 2 batches of milk per month, most of the rejected batches of milk (65%) are characterized by a higher content of the antibiotic tetracycline.
Optimization of extraction parameters of biologically active substances from dried biomass of callus, suspension cells and root cultures in vitro
Authors: Asyakina L K , Babich O O , Pungin A V , Prosekov A Yu , Popov A D , Voblikova T V
Published: December 2020

Objects of research are the parameters of the extraction of biologically active substances from the dried biomass of callus, suspension cells and root cultures in vitro. The goal of the work was to optimize the parameters of the extraction of biologically active substances from the dried biomass of callus, suspension cells and root cultures in vitro. Organic solvents, a water module, the duration and temperature of the extraction of biologically active substances from the dried biomass of callus, suspension cells and root cultures in vitro were studied. It was found that the optimal parameters for the extraction of biologically active substances from dried biomass of callus cultures of Rhaponticum carthamoides cells are the following: methanol as a solvent, water module 1:10, extraction temperature 60 ° C; for Rhodiola rosea: isopropanol as a solvent, water module 1:10, extraction temperature 60 ° C; for Scutellaria baicalensis: acetone as a solvent, water module 1:10, extraction temperature 50 ° C; for white cinquefoil: ethanol as a solvent, water module 1:20, extraction temperature 40 ° C; for ginseng: acetone as a solvent, water module 1: 5, extraction temperature 50 ° C. The extraction time for all medicinal plants was 60 minutes. The novelty of this work is to optimize existing modes of extraction of biologically active substances from dried biomass of callus, suspension cells and root cultures in vitro for more complete extraction and use.