bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of energy drink consumption on baroreceptor sensitivity in young normal weight and overweight/obese males
Authors: Majeed Farrukh , Yar Talay , Alsunni Ahmed A , AlHawaj Ali F , AlRahim Ahmed A
Published: October 2020

Objectives: There is lack of evidence exploring sympathetic effect by baroreceptor sensitivity in obese consuming energy drink. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of energy drink on individuals baroreceptor sensitivity in young healthy normal weight and overweight/obese males.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of Physiology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After getting ethical approval, 25 male participants were recruited by convenient sampling and informed consent was obtained. Participants were grouped into normal weight and overweight/obese on basis of body mass index. Finger arterial blood pressure was recorded with Finometer® at baseline, 30min and 60 minutes in the post-energy drink period and baroreceptor sensitivity was calculated. As data was not normally distributed it was log transformed. 

Results: The baseline baroreceptor sensitivity was lower (P<0.05) in overweight/obese compared to normal weight participants. Baroreceptor sensitivity reduced significantly (P<0.05) at 60 minutes after energy drink consumption in the whole cohort of both normal weight and overweight/obese. Baroreceptor sensitivity remained lower in overweight/obese compared to normal weight at 60min but the difference was not significant.

Conclusion: Consumption of energy drink acutely reduced baroreceptor sensitivity in both normal weight and obese young healthy males with an earlier onset of effect in overweight/obese indicating enhanced sympathetic activity. Energy drinks consumption could place the obese in a more vulnerable state to hypertension and arrhythmia.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2419

How to cite this:Majeed F, Yar T, Alsunni AA, AlHawaj AF, AlRahim AA. Effect of energy drink consumption on baroreceptor sensitivity in young normal weight and overweight/obese males. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1590-1595. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2419

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Lane’s Algorithm Revisited
Authors: Goycoolea Marcos , Lamas Patricio , Pagnoncelli Bernardo K. , Piazza Adriana
Published: October 2020

In 1964, Kenneth Lane proposed an algorithm to optimize the production schedule of a single-metal, single-processor open pit mine. For this, he proposed a policy based on varying, over time, the so-called “cutoff grade”—or grade threshold used to determine if extracted material should be ore (processed material) or waste (thrown away). Lane’s algorithm had a profound impact on the mining industry. However, though it has been used in multiple commercial software systems and has traditionally been taught to every aspiring mining engineer, it is widely considered a heuristic, and little is known regarding the quality of the solutions it produces. In this paper, we formally study Lane’s problem. We show that Lane’s algorithm can be viewed as an approximate dynamic programming scheme and that Lane’s optimality conditions can be formally derived in two different ways: by considering a variant of the problem where the future value function is linearly approximated or by deriving the optimality conditions of a continuous-time version of the problem. We further show that Lane’s algorithm can naturally be extended to this continuous-time version of the problem and that when this algorithm converges, it converges to an optimal solution. Finally, through a reformulation, we show that Lane’s original problem can be solved using convex mixed-integer programming. Though hypothetical counterexamples can be constructed, computational experiments prove that Lane’s algorithm can produce the optimal solution in every real-world data set tested, thereby lending solid support for its practical application.

This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization.
Routing Electric Vehicles on Congested Street Networks
Authors: Florio Alexandre M. , Absi Nabil , Feillet Dominique
Published: October 2020

Freight distribution with electric vehicles (EVs) is a promising alternative to reduce the carbon footprint associated with city logistics. Algorithms for planning routes for EVs should take into account their relatively short driving range and the effects of traffic congestion on the battery consumption. This paper proposes new methodology and illustrates how it can be applied to solve an electric vehicle routing problem with stochastic and time-dependent travel times where battery recharging along routes is not allowed. First, a new method for generating network-consistent (correlated in time and space) and time-dependent speed scenarios is introduced. Second, a new technique for applying branch and price on instances defined on real street networks is developed. Computational experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach for finding optimal or near-optimal solutions in instances with up to 133 customers and almost 1,500 road links. With a high probability, the routes in the obtained solutions can be performed by EVs without requiring intermediate recharging stops. An execution time control policy to further reduce the chances of stranded EVs is also presented. In addition, we measure the cost of independence, which is the impact on solution feasibility when travel times are assumed statistically independent. Last, we give directions on how to extend the proposed framework to handle recourse actions.
An Efficient Exact Hypercube Model with Fully Dedicated Servers
Authors: Beojone Caio Vitor , Máximo de Souza Regiane , Iannoni Ana Paula
Published: October 2020

The hypercube model is a useful descriptive tool to evaluate emergency services such as firefighters, police, and emergency medical services where geographically distributed vehicles and personnel serve users in emergencies. This study proposes an extension of the hypercube model to represent a dispatch policy in which advanced equipped servers serve solely life-threatening calls (called dedicated servers). The proposed approach is applied to two case studies of public medical emergency services in two different cities in Brazil and validated with discrete-event simulations. The computational experiments show the proposed model as more sensitive to respond to more life-threatening requests than other hypercube models in the literature, serving more of these requests under increased demand. In addition, to reduce the number of equilibrium equations and, consequently, the computational effort of the hypercube model, an aggregate model is shown based on the grouping of homogeneous servers located in the same station. The aggregation policy does not generate additional losses in the accuracy of the model, as shown through several experiments.
NOVAS EXPRESSÕES E METAMORFOSES DO ESPAÇO RURAL EM SANGRADOURO – ARARANGUÁ/SC
Authors: Alves Aline Turatti , Chelotti Marcelo Cervo
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de nossa pesquisa de mestrado, que teve como objetivo geral avaliar as condições reprodutivas da agricultura familiar em Sangradouro, Araranguá/SC. Trata-se de uma comunidade rural localizada em vetor litorâneo. Sua constituição remonta ao início do século XX, quando famílias de agricultores forjaram o que denominamos de “tradicionalidade da comunidade”. No final do mesmo século, com as pressões modernizantes da Revolução Verde e da globalização, mudanças ocorreram no território, como êxodo rural dos jovens e introdução de atividades não agrícolas. Nossa pesquisa qualitativa buscou caracterizar as metamorfoses ocorridas, e suas implicações na territorialidade rural. Por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas traçamos o perfil da comunidade, elegendo paralelos entre elementos de sua história e a configuração atual. Nossos resultados apontaram a constituição de um território e de territorialidades híbridos, onde se verifica nova paisagem física e social, na qual elementos característicos do urbano se associam ao rural agrário. Registramos o envelhecimento populacional e a dificuldade quanto à sucessão geracional da agricultura familiar. Identificamos que a pluriatividade e os plurirrendimentos marcam as dinâmicas familiares, especialmente pelo papel dos jovens e da política previdenciária. As terras agrícolas de Sangradouro aproximam-se da transmutação em terras de moradia e lazer.
MINHA CASA, MINHA VIDA PROGRAM AND ITS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE
Authors: De Brito Gustavo Bezerra , Araújo José Silvan Borborema , Marafon Glaucio José
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo traz como tema aspectos significativos da problemática habitacional brasileira. A falta de moradias, sua qualidade e distribuição espacial são questões relevantes na urbanização do país e, em especial, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nesse sentido, a partir de 2009 um novo ponto de inflexão se faz presente, o “Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida” (PMCMV) foi criado de forma a dar subsídios a solvência do déficit habitacional brasileiro, se destacando pelos grandes subsídios orçamentários, do grande volume de construções e avanços na perspectiva social: o Programa buscava atender as faixas de renda mais baixas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar através da análise dos dados quantitativos e cartográficos um possível aumento da segregação socioespacial no estado do Rio de Janeiro em função da renda, além da concentração de unidades habitacionais nas faixas de renda com maior poder aquisitivo. A metodologia inclui análise de dados quantitativos e espaciais oficiais do Governo Federal, revisão da literatura ligada à habitação no Brasil e elaboração e análise de mapas a partir de dados espaciais.
Tree Cover Number and Maximum Semidefinite Nullity of Some Graph Classes
Authors: Domagalski Rachel , Narayan Sivaram
Published: October 2020

Let $G$ be a graph with a vertex set $V$ and an edge set $E$ consisting of unordered pairs of vertices. The tree cover number of $G$, denoted $\tau(G)$, is the minimum number of vertex disjoint simple trees occurring as induced subgraphs of $G$ that cover all the vertices of $G$. In this paper, the tree cover number of a line graph $\tau(L(G))$ is shown to be equal to the path number $\pi(G)$ of $G$. Also, the tree cover numbers of shadow graphs, corona and Cartesian product of two graphs are found.

The graph parameter $\tau(G)$ is related to another graph parameter $M_+(G)$, called the maximum semidefinite nullity of $G$. Suppose $S_+(G,\mathbb{R})$ denotes the collection of positive semidefinite real symmetric matrices associated with a given graph $G$. Then $M_+(G)$ is the maximum nullity among all matrices in $S_+(G,\mathbb{R})$. It has been conjectured that $\tau(G)\leq M_+(G)$. The conjecture is shown to be true for graph classes considered in this work.
Noves tendències didàctiques en l’ensenyament del llatí i la cultura clàssica: les trobades d’alumnes de Llatí a 4t d’ESO
Authors: Vilamitjana Pujol Caterina , Fiol Santaló Montserrat
Published: October 2020

Les trobades d’alumnes de Llatí de 4t d’ESO, organitzades per l’Equip ICE Dolors Condom de Cultura Clàssica, pretenen acostar l’alumnat al món clàssic a través d’una jornada ludicodidàctica. Aquestes trobades es realitzen cada any en un lloc diferent i en una zona de les comarques gironines on hi ha restes arqueològiques romanes: Empúries, Roses, Girona, Caldes de Malavella i, fins i tot, la via romana del Capsacosta; així l’alumnat pot veure in situ les restes arqueològiques i al mateix temps realitzar activitats lúdiques i d’aprenentatge sobre el món clàssic. Per tal de poder dur a terme aquesta activitat necessitem la implicació de les diferents entitats de la zona, en primer lloc els ajuntaments, però també els museus, els jaciments arqueològics, la Universitat de Girona, el Bisbat de Girona i organitzacions culturals com els manaies o les colles geganteres. Però el que engresca més l’alumnat és el fet de conèixer altres joves com ells i realitzar les activitats conjuntament, sobretot les més lúdiques i les relacionades amb les noves tecnologies, que els són més familiars. La intenció és que s’interessin i apreciïn la influència del món clàssic en el nostre entorn més pròxim.
Una perspectiva urbana de la pandemia en Panamá
Authors: De Gracia José Antomio
Published: October 2020

El siguiente ensayo busca resaltar los efectos que tiene la pandemia sobre la forma en la que habitamos y construimos las ciudades. Entendemos que antes del estallido de la crisis social-sanitaria de la COVID-19, como en muchos lugares de Latinoamérica, Panamá se encontraba en un momento en el que su modelo urbano, social y económico había entrado en una fase de agotamiento y ahora se escala a un nivel aúnmayor. Con la pandemia se han revelado los efectos negativos de la dispersión urbana, segregación de las viviendas y desaparición del espacio público que ahora se convierten en un obstáculo para controlar lapropagación del virus.En primer lugar, analizamos la relación entre la pandemia y lo urbano; es decir, el vínculo entre la vida urbana, principalmente la de los grupos más afectados en periferias de la ciudad, con las nuevas dinámicas de la cotidaneidad en medio del complicado panorama que ahora enfrentamos. A esto sumamos unas reflexiones sobre el efecto de los la excesiva centralización en la forma de gobierno que ha dejado con poca capacidad de respuesta a muchas ciudad del mundo, incluida la ciudad de Panamá.Adicionalmente, entendemos que, en una sociedad que necesita mantener la distancia física en la calle, el área metropolitana de la ciudad de Panamá no está preparada para cumplir con esta tarea luego de décadas de políticas urbanas orientadas al vehículo privado. Las actuaciones de emergencia en el espacio público por parte de las oficinas municipales y juntas comunales panameñas han sido escazas o inexistentes.A pesar de esto, han surgido algunas iniciativas de urbanismo táctico tratando de responder a la pandemia, y las comparamos con otras intervenciones anteriores para entender si se han llevado como un proceso en donde el beneficio es realmente de las comunidades.Además, debido a noticias recientes en su contra en algunos medios internacionales, abordamos la polémica de la densidad de las ciudades desde una perspectiva teórica y con datos actuales para entender su relación con la propagación del virus en Panamá. El resultado de la investigación sugiere que el problema no yace en la alta densidad, sino en el hacinamiento de las viviendas y en la falta de accesibilidad urbana en los barrios más apartados. Todo esto nace de la construcción de una ciudad en donde priman la segregación y las desigualdades territoriales. Así, la consolidación del espacio público y el acceso a mejores viviendas junto con el replanteamiento de la ciudad actual son objetivos que habrían servido para afrontar una pandemia que llega sin previo aviso.
Binarization of ESPI fringe patterns based on an M-net convolutional neural network
Authors: Liu Chenxiu , Tang Chen , Xu Min , Lei Zhenkun
Published: October 2020

The fringe skeleton method is the most straightforward method to estimate phase terms in electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). It usually needs to binarize the fringe patterns. However, the massive inherent speckle noise and intensity inhomogeneity in ESPI fringe patterns make it difficult to binarize the ESPI fringe patterns. In this paper, we propose a binarization method for ESPI fringe patterns based on a modified M-net convolutional neural network. Our method regards the binarization of fringe patterns as a segmentation problem. The M-net is an excellent network for segmentation and has proven to be a useful tool for skeleton extraction in our previous work. Here we further modify the structure of the previous network a bit to suit our task. We train the network by pairs of ESPI fringe patterns and corresponding binary images. After training, we test our method on 20 computer-simulated and three groups of experimentally obtained ESPI fringe patterns. The results show that even for fringe patterns with high noise and intensity inhomogeneity, our method can obtain good binarization results without image preprocessing. We also compare the modified M-net with a classic segmentation network, the U-net, and a residual encoder-decoder network (RED-net). The RED-net was used for binarization of document images. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of our method.
Polarized light scattering measurements as a means to characterize particle size and composition of natural assemblages of marine particles: publisher’s note
Authors: Koestner Daniel , Stramski Dariusz , Reynolds Rick A.
Published: October 2020

This publisher’s note corrects an equation in Appl. Opt. 59, 8314 (2020)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.396709.
Negative refraction in relativistic electron gas
Authors: de Carvalho C. A. A. , Reis D. M. , Szilard D.
Published: October 2020

We show that a gas of relativistic electrons is a left-handed material at low frequencies by computing the effective electric permittivity and effective magnetic permeability that appear in Maxwell’s equations in terms of the responses appearing in the constitutive relations, and showing that the former are both negative below the same frequency, which coincides with the zero-momentum frequency of longitudinal plasmons. We also show, by explicit computation, that the photonic mode of the electromagnetic radiation does not dissipate energy, confirming that it propagates in the gas with the speed of light in vacuum, and that the medium is transparent to it. We then combine those results to show that the gas has a negative effective index of refraction

n

e
f
f

=
−
1

. We illustrate the consequences of this fact for Snell’s law, and for the reflection and transmission coefficients of the gas.
Multi-hop quantum key distribution with passive relays over underwater turbulence channels
Authors: Fahim Raouf Amir Hossein , Safari Majid , Uysal Murat
Published: October 2020

Absorption, scattering, and turbulence experienced in underwater channels severely limit the range of quantum communication links. In this paper, as a potential solution to overcome range limitations, we investigate a multi-hop underwater quantum key distribution (QKD) where intermediate nodes between the source and destination nodes help the key distribution. We consider the deployment of passive relays that simply redirect the qubits to the next relay node or the receiver without any measurement. Based on the near-field analysis, we present the performance of a relay-assisted QKD scheme in terms of quantum bit error rate and secret key rate in different water types and turbulence conditions. We further investigate the effect of system parameters such as aperture size and detector field of view on the performance. Our results demonstrate under what conditions relay-assisted QKD can be beneficial and what end-to-end transmission distances can be supported with a multi-hop underwater QKD system.
Micrometer-level 3D measurement techniques in complex scenes based on stripe-structured light and photometric stereo
Authors: Song Zhao , Song Zhan , Zhao Juan , Gu Feifei
Published: October 2020

Compared with existing depth cameras, such as RGB-D, RealSense and Kinect, stripe-based structured light (SL) has the potential for micrometer-level 3D measurement; this can be attributed to its higher coding capacity. While surface texture, high-reflective region, and occlusion remain some of the main sources leading to degraded reconstruction quality in complex objects, methods that are only based on SL cannot completely solve such problems in complex object reconstruction. In this paper, we developed an advanced fusion strategy for the reconstruction of complex objects in micrometer-level 3D measurement. This includes solving the above-mentioned inherent problems of a stripe-based SL system with the aid of photometric stereo (PS). Firstly, to improve the robustness of decoding and eliminate the effects of noise and occlusion on stripe detection, a novel scene-adaptive decoding algorithm based on a binary tree was proposed. Further, a robust and practical calibration method for area light sources in the PS system, which utilizes the absolute depth information from SL system, was introduced. A piecewise integration algorithm, which is based on a subregion divided by Gray code, was proposed by combining the depth values from SL with the normal information from PS. Remarkably, this method eliminates the effects of surface texture and high-reflective region on the reconstruction quality and improves the resolution to camera-level resolution. In experimental parts, a regular cylinder was reconstructed to demonstrate micrometer-level measurement accuracy and resolution enhancement by the proposed method. Then, improvement of the reconstruction accuracy for objects with surface texture was validated with a regular pyramid that had textures on it and a white paper with characters printed on it. Lastly, a complex object containing multiple phenomena was reconstructed with the newly proposed method to show its effectiveness for micrometer-level 3D measurement in complex objects. Evaluation of our proposed method shows the improvement of the proposed method on the existing methods being used for micrometer-level 3D measurement in complex objects.
Reconfigurable terahertz switch using flexible L-shaped metamaterial
Authors: Lu Fangyuan , Ou Huiliang , Lin Yu-Sheng
Published: October 2020

The design of a reconfigurable terahertz (THz) switch by using flexible L-shaped metamaterial (FLM), which is composed of dual-layer L-shaped metamaterials on polydimethylsiloxane substrate, which has three resonances at 0.57, 1.05, and 1.52 THz, is presented. By stretching the FLM along the

x

-axis direction, the transmission intensity is increased gradually at the transverse electric mode (TE) and reduced at the transverse magnetic (TM) mode, respectively. Reversely, by stretching the FLM along the

y

-axis direction, the transmission intensity is reduced gradually at the TE mode and increased at the TM mode, respectively. These electromagnetic responses of FLM provide the optical-logic behaviors with programmable characteristics by stretching FLM at different polarized light. It indicates that the proposed FLM could be used for the dual/triple-band switching, polarization switching, and programmable switching applications.
Matematika eta Euskal Dantzak
Authors: Oruetxebarria Osane , Rivas Judith
Published: October 2020

Pentsa daiteke matematika eta dantza bata bestetik oso urrun dauden diziplinak direla eta haien arteko loturak topatzea ezinezkoa dela. Artikulu honetan hori horrela ez dela erakutsiko dugu. Betaurreko matematikoak jantzita, geometriako oinarrizko kontzeptuak erraz aurkituko ditugu. Alde batetik, dantzariek, taldean antolatzean, zirkunferentziak, laukizuzenak eta beste poligono batzuk sortzen dituztela ikusiko dugu; bestetik, haien posizioen artean dauden simetriak deskribatuko ditugu biraketen, translazioen eta islapenen laguntzaz. Kontzeptu sakonagoak edo hain bistakoak ez direnak ere erabiliko ditugu zenbait dantza deskribatzeko, hala nola, konbinatoriako permutazioak eta konbinazioak, baita topologiaren barruan dagoen txirikorden teoria ere.
La difícil confección del encasillado en la Restauración
Authors: Martínez Relanzón Alejandro
Published: October 2020

Desde el restablecimiento del sufragio universal masculino en 1890 hasta las elecciones a de 1923, las últimas de Diputados a Cortes de la Restauración, los partidos políticos dominantes en la España de la época continuaron asegurándose el reparto del poder por medio del encasillado. La práctica, aunque no era nueva, se había institucionalizado de tal manera al principio de este periodo, que su confección prácticamente reflejaba el futuro retrato del parlamento antes incluso de los comicios. Aquellos cuyo nombre apareciera en las listas del gobierno representarían con probabilidad a los distritos que, en teoría, les habrían respaldado. Ahora bien, ¿eran los candidatos encasillados aquellos a los que apoyaban y escogían las fuerzas políticas y sociales locales, y por tanto los legítimos representantes del distrito, o no? Basado el análisis en la provincial de Valencia, se procura aquí dilucidar esta cuestión de vital importancia, por cuanto que su respuesta refleja la extensión de la representatividad del parlamento durante la Restauración.
Korean Suicide Protest as Anomic Response to Labour Disempowerment
Authors: Ji Minsun
Published: October 2020

The article argues that the growth of worker protest suicide in the 2000s in South Korea is relatedto current neo-liberal political-economic conditions in Korea, including: 1) the growing crisis facingincreasingly irregular and part-time workers, and 2) the construction of an anti-labour legal regimegiving Korean workers few legal options for collective engagement in workplace actions. Legalobstacles facing labour activists include both business and state actors increasingly usingcompensation lawsuits and provisional seizure tactics to seize the assets of unions and strikingworkers. As the Korean labour movement finds itself increasingly marginalised by the cripplinganti-labour legal innovations of the last two decades, labour resistance has increasingly manifestedin extreme forms of individualistic protests, such as worker suicide. Though products of anomicdespair, these suicides retain the capacity to inspire collective labour action and to leverage change.KEYWORDS: labour movement; protest suicide; provisional seizure; neo-liberalism; Korea
Seeing the "Changing Nature of Work" through a Precarity Lens
Authors: Mallett Richard W.
Published: October 2020

This article reviews the concept of precarity and offers critical reflections on its contribution to thestudy of contemporary labour and livelihoods. A stock-take of key and recent literature suggeststhat, despite conceptual ambiguity and overstretching, “thinking with precarity” continues to provea valuable and worthwhile exercise – so long as that thinking is carefully articulated. This involvesunderstanding precarity as: 1) rooted in concrete labour market experiences but also connected tobroader anxieties over social and political life; 2) a process-focused concept rather than end-statedescriptor; and 3) speaking to longer histories and wider geographies than its commonplace statusas a residual term or category implies. The analytical advantages of thinking in such a way areillustrated through a critical analysis of the World Bank’s World Development Report 2019 on the“changing nature of work”, and in particular its handling of digital labour.KEYWORDS: precarious work; politics of precarity; livelihoods; digital labour; gig economy
A Pedagogical Approach to Integrative Neuromuscular Training to Improve Motor Competence in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trail
Authors: Font-Lladó Raquel , López-Ros Víctor , Montalvo Alicia M. , Sinclair Graham , Prats-Puig Anna , Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe Azahara
Published: October 2020

Font-Lladó, R, López-Ros, V, Montalvo, AM, Sinclair, G, Prats Puig, A, and Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A. A pedagogical approach to integrative neuromuscular training to improve motor competence in children: a RCT. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3078–3085, 2020—To assess the effectiveness of a pedagogical approach to an integrative neuromuscular training (INT) program as a warm-up in physical education (PE) lessons in healthy children: (a) to improve the level of motor competence (MC) and (b) to master fundamental motor skills (FMS) patterns, considering the baseline MC level and the time spent when performing different motor tasks. One hundred ninety students (7.43 ± 0.32 years; 52% girls) were included in this randomized controlled trail and grouped up according to MC basal levels (L1-L4). Motor competence and FMS patterns (CAMSA protocol) were assessed before and after the intervention in a group-based INT warm-up (n = 97) and a group-based conventional warm-up (n = 93). The INT program improved MC (p < 0.001; d = 0.71) and FMS (p < 0.001, d = 0.52). The independent predictors of MC change were: baseline MC level (β = −196; p < 0.012), time spent to perform the task (β = −0.235 p < 0.003), and participation in the INT program (β = 0.201; p < 0.005), explaining 71% of its variability. The INT warm-up shows correlations between improvements in MC in relation to time reduction (L1 p = 0.016, d, L2 p = 0.001, and L4 = 0.001) and FMS patterns (L1 p < 0.001, L2 p < 0.003, L3 p < 0.005, and L4 < 0.001) Moreover, only L3, it showed correlation between changes in time and FMS mastery (p = 0.001). Our results showed that a pedagogical approach to an INT program developed as a warm-up in primary school PE lessons can improve MC and FMS patterns in all subjects, independent of the initial MC level. More interestingly, only in L3, the improvement in MC can be explained by the balance in time required to perform the task and the level of improvement in FMS patterns.
Soil moisture retention on slopes under different agricultural land uses in hilly regions of Southern Transdanubia
Authors: Nagy Gábor , Lóczy Dénes , Czigány Szabolcs , Pirkhoffer Ervin , Fábián Szabolcs Ákos , Ciglič Rok , Ferk Mateja
Published: October 2020

Increasingly severe weather extremes are predicted as one of the consequences of climate change. According to climatic models, weather extremities induce higher risks for both flood and drought in the Carpathian Basin. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, flood control relied on cost-intensive engineering structures, but recently ecological solutions have come to the fore. Flood hazard on major rivers could be mitigated if multiple and cumulative water retention opportunities are exploited on the upper sections of tributary catchments. Appropriate land use and landscape pattern changes can shift the infiltration to run-off ratio to the benefit of the former. In the Transdanubian Hills of Southwest Hungary three study areas with different agricultural land use types had been selected and investigated for the impact of landscape micro-features on soil moisture retention capacity with the purpose of conserving water from wet periods for the times of drought. Marked differences in moisture dynamics have been detected between arable land, grasslands and orchards. This fact underlines the need for integrated soil and water conservation. Drought risk was found to be the highest on ploughland. Favourable soil water budgets have been observed in the fields as a function of land use: less intensive types, like grazing land and orchards (particularly tree rows), were identified as places of high water retention capacity. Although serious water stress conditions were also reached in the orchard, it markedly mitigated drought conditions compared to the ploughland.
Adaptation of land use based on the assessment of inundation risk in the Kapos Valley, Southwest Hungary
Authors: Gyenizse Péter , Lóczy Dénes , Dezső József , Pirkhoffer Ervin , Słowik Marcin
Published: October 2020

Complex river rehabilitation/restoration projects devote equal attention to the improvement of hydromorphological conditions and the neighbouring floodplain environment. Since land use exerts a heavy control on the hydrological cycle of floodplains, land use optimization is a central task in floodplain rehabilitation. In floodplains where large surfaces are temporarily inundated, the optimal allocation of land use classes involves the preservation of wetlands, maintenance of grasslands (meadows and pastures) and forests, and the restriction of arable land to higher ground with the lowest inundation hazard. The detailed mapping of land use against the distribution of soil types and fluvial landforms provides a solid basis for land use optimization. Rehabilitation design is presented in the paper on the example of the Kapos Valley, where inundations in the wet year of 2010 caused great damage to agricultural crops and efforts are directed to better water management (excess water reduction and floodwater retention) on the floodplain. Land use conversions, which are less expensive and easier to implement, are preferred to structural (engineering) solutions.
The White Backlash Narrative and the Politics of Racial Dis (Orientation)
Authors: Allen Aaron
Published: October 2020

To the degree that Donald Trump represents a disorienting reversal of a supposed state-sponsored promise of neoliberal racial progress typified by the election of the first Black United States president, liberals have been equally committed to reorienting themselves through the explanatory framework of white backlash. This article approaches the white backlash narrative with a healthy skepticism in order to explore its cultural and political uses. Through an analysis of popular discursive representations—a Saturday Night Live sketch, Obama’s first significant political speech since leaving the White House, and two widely read Atlantic articles by Ta-Nehisi Coates—this article critiques the ways in which liberals have sought to rationalize the racially disorienting transition between the Obama and Trump eras through the use of the white backlash narrative. More specifically it argues that in the wake of Trump, the white backlash narrative delimits the Obama era as a period of unfulfilled “post-racial” progress, and the Trump era as a wholly separate, reactionary moment of white supremacy. In so doing, the narrative reaffirms the protection of minoritized populations from formally recognized white supremacist violence in the Trump era, while obscuring neoliberalism’s own regimes of racialized oppression in the Obama era. By revealing such shortcomings of the white backlash narrative, it asks that we envision alternative ways to remember, interpret, and historically index the entanglements between racial neoliberal and white supremacist modalities linking the Obama and Trump eras.
‘Oku Mi Ko Gbodo Sun Ita’
Authors: Thompson O. Olasupo , Afolabi S. Abiodun , Nwaorgu Onyekwere George Felix , Aduradola Rebecca Remi
Published: October 2020

Burial of human beings in houses or within residential premises is a common occurrence in developing countries. Despite the negative impacts it has on the social and economic lives of the people and society at large, particularly on public health, this norm has continued. However, this area has not been given adequate attention in recent scholarship. Against this backdrop, this article traces the development, appropriation, and misappropriation of burial sites and public cemeteries among the indigenous people of Egba land. It also examines the responses of the government to this phenomenon. This study was done through the use of archival sources, extant literature, media reports, pictographs, and interviews. The study reveals that the misappropriation of burial sites and cemeteries is a result of indigenous belief systems, illiteracy, inadequate lands for burial and cemeteries, cost and proximity of burial sites, and insecurity, among other things. It also finds that the few who appropriate burial sites and cemeteries were educated, enlightened, and averagely wealthy individuals, socially placed individuals. It recommends that governments at both state and local levels, particularly local levels that are vested with the maintenance of burial sites and cemeteries, should be strengthened to adequately appropriate cemeteries and burial sites in Egba land, south west Nigeria, like most indigenous people.
Leading through Chaos in a Neocolonial Context
Authors: Colket Laura
Published: October 2020

Academic and public discourses often oversimplify the complex historical, social, and discursive forces that have created the current realities in Haiti. These discourses ignore or distort the role that foreign governments and international agencies have played and continue to play in the creation of the Haitian state. They portray the Haitian government as singular and static, corrupt and incapable, and fail to acknowledge changes in leadership and the diversity of individuals who exist within the government. This “single story” about Haiti privileges the international community and overlooks the stories from Haitians who are working to rebuild and reimagine their own country. This article examines the personal stories of Haitians in order to better understand the nature of Haitian leadership in a neocolonial, post-disaster context.
Hail Mary
Authors: Hallett Vicki S.
Published: October 2020

Through an exploration of the imbricated identities of mother, feminist academic, and Recovering Catholic, the author demonstrates how poetry can be a method of inquiry into the self and the culture(s) that gave birth to it, and a method of meaning making. This autoethnographic essay invites readers to make their own meanings of motherhood through an encounter with poetry. Poetry is used as a way to convey the author’s own experiences of motherhood and mothering within a particular religious and cultural tradition so as to provide some critical perspective on both.
Socrates' Versatile Rhetoric and the Soul of the Crowd
Authors: Lévystone David
Published: October 2020

In Plato's early dialogues, the impossibility of talking to the crowd appears as a constitutive element of the opposition between rhetoric and dialectic and raises the understudied question of the role of the audience in Socratic thought. However, Xenophon's Socrates constantly identifies public and private speech. But this likening is also found in the Alcibiades Major, which gives a key to understand the true meaning of this assimilation: one can convince an audience, by talking to each individual in the crowd. The need to address each one implies an adaptation of language that can be found in the texts of different disciples of Socrates. The rhetorical aspects of the Phaedrus' psychagogia should then be understood, not as a new Platonic concept which allows the good orator to address the many, but rather as a new formulation of a well-known and shared Socratic ideal.
Production Globalization and the Segmentation of the Global Manufacturing Sector*
Authors: Mahutga Matthew
Published: October 2020

I review three key claims regarding the impact of production globalization on manufacturing workers worldwide, and subject them to empirical scrutiny. Some argue that production globalization causes a “race to the bottom” that leads to a downward convergence of manufacturing workers’ labor power worldwide. Others suggest instead that production globalization leads to an upward convergence of labor power among manufacturing workers worldwide. A third perspective is agnostic with respect to the average level of this labor power, but predicts divergence between the global North and global South. Using a novel empirical approach to cross-national and temporally comparable measurement of manufacturing labor market power, I show that both the (country-average) level and (between-country) dispersion of labor market power have increased worldwide since the mid-1960s. To explain these trends, I juxtapose insights from Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory with those from the interdisciplinary literature on global value chains and production networks. Both predict that globalization should increase labor market power more in the global North than in the global South. However, the former focuses on labor demand shocks from international trade, while the latter focuses on relationships between firms in the North and South in light of the strategic behavior of network/chain leaders. Augmenting the empirical approach to the measurement of the aggregate positional power of national manufacturing firms developed elsewhere, I show that both international trade and positional power matter for the distribution of manufacturing labor-market power worldwide, but the latter effects are stronger. I conclude by positioning these results within larger debates about the fate of labor in a globalized manufacturing economy.
“What Do They Want from Us?”
Authors: Ward Patricia
Published: October 2020

Stakeholders in the transnational aid sector are increasingly calling for more aid “localization”: relying more on local workers to implement aid projects in their respective home countries. This paper asks: What do aid organizations expect from their local employees, and how do these expectations shape local employees’ work routines? Drawing on data collected from over seven months of fieldwork in Jordan, a major global aid hub, I find that organizations hold cultural assumptions about local workers that shape their recruitment and their expectations of their local employees. Furthermore, these assumptions and expectations are much more ambivalent and conflictual than existing scholarship suggests. Employers want locals who are “Westernized professionals”: impartial, objective, transparent, and dispassionate workers. But they also expect local employees to act in “non-Western” ways, as “traditional locals” (reifying orientalist tropes related to corruption and Arab culture), to make aid projects work. Echoing Bhabha’s argument that colonial subject stereotypes are strategically ambivalent—“almost the same, but not white”—I show how locals engage in specific types of extra work for their employers—what I call hybridized labor—to try to meet these conflicting expectations.
What a Small Group of People Can(’t) Do
Authors: Ramón-Hidalgo Ana-Elia , Harshaw Howard W. , Kozak Robert A. , Tindall David B.
Published: October 2020

A growing body of scholars in natural resources management have called for the examination of the roles of social capital and social networks in the effective maintenance of community-based projects. Yet, the role of social capital in collective action cannot be effectively understood without studying agency. The goal of this study is to examine how agents’ individual characteristics and their structural social capital, along with broader cognitive social capital elements, shape possibilities for empowerment at the community level. Drawing from an embedded comparative case study of two community-based ecotourism projects in Ghana, we employed a mixed-methods approach combining Lin’s social capital model and Krishna’s agency model to identify and characterize legitimate agents of change in each community, as well as to evaluate the structure of their discussion and nomination networks (i.e., structural social capital). Differences between communities in the network structure of agents, as well as in their types and levels of engagement, resourcefulness, visions and perceptions of socio-ecological context, exposed key barriers to social capital mobilization. Overall, our results indicate that greater community empowerment is reported where greater community trust and a greater cohesiveness of agents with access to external resources are reported. Altogether, this study adds to past efforts in illustrating how a mixed-methods examination of change agents in a CBNRM setting can surface internal opportunities for and constraints on social capital mobilization toward community empowerment.
Digital design of design processes – A case study of a design research study in vocational education
Authors: Gerholz Karl-Heinz , Ciolek Sebastian , Wagner Anne Christina
Published: October 2020

The digital transformation affects all aspects of the society, including educational and scientific areas. Regarding the educational area, digital devices as a part of vocational lessons seem to be promising a better support of the learning processes. In a given design research project (tabletBS.dual) in the field of vocational education, didactical prototypes for using tablets in a motivational and effective way are developed in different vocational schools. For this, four design cycles with the phases design application and evaluation are carried out. The article focuses on the description of the digital character of the design cycles. In the presented project, different digital devices and tools are used in the several phases of a design cycle (e.g. digital consultation hours for vocational teachers to plan lessons or to conduct digital interviews with their students in the evaluation phase). We will go into detail about the digital devices and technologies used to point out the potentials of digitization in regard to the design of design and evaluation processes.
The Epistemological Relevance of Case Studies as Narratives in Design-Based Research
Authors: Emmler Tina , Frehe-Halliwell Petra
Published: October 2020

In the context of empirical-phenomenological research various text products are created. Practitioners develop concepts, methods, techniques, etc. to solve certain problems that have arisen in their workplace. Actors of science accompany these problem-solving processes and support them by developing materials or scientific inputs. In addition, they strive to understand the field of practice and to grasp its structures and (interpretation) patterns. In order to make this possible a knowledge management is necessary with the help of which the text products resulting from the research and development process are produced and interpreted (Emmler 2015). Here, the importance of the case study[1] for the development of (new) knowledge is analysed. Normally, case studies are only considered to be by-products created during DBR. However, we believe that case studies do not only serve as an instrument for communicating project content to others, but are a medium for the researchers themselves to ascertain their own learning processes that take place in the exploration of the field of research.
This paper aims to be the initial point for a methodological discussion on the thesis that (a) case studies as narrative text products contribute to an understanding of phenomena as underlying structures of the field of practice and that (b) they are one part of a two-fold research process in which they are the basis for the reflection of experiences. Therefore, we invite you to follow us on a journey to the discipline of arts, especially to Walter Benjamin, a famous writer and translator who, in the year 1923, discovered the differences in writing a poem and translating into another language. Both processes ask for writing competences which at first glance seem to be very similar, but at the second reveal their diametrical opposition. We suggest to adopt Benjamin’s explanations to the writing processes in DBR. In DBR it is the world of science on the one hand and the field of practice on the other that make a translation necessary: the languages applied in both fields differ, although the people working there might all belong to one and the same nationality which might allow them to communicate with the people from the other “world”. However, this does not mean that researchers understand the practice and the emerging phenomena per se. A translation between the worlds is necessary. For this, the case study is the first step.
Cooperation between research and practice for the development of innovations in an educational design project
Authors: Grunau Janika , Gössling Bernd
Published: October 2020

The cooperation between research and practice is a constitutive element of Design-based Research (DBR). Despite its importance, the process and the challenges of cooperation between these fields are not well studied to date. This paper aims to establish a better understanding of how cooperation among researchers and practitioners can be managed and how cooperation is related to the design and implementation of innovations. For this purpose, we draw on a DBR project as an example, wherein the European model of validation was adapted to the field of geriatric care in Germany. We discuss insights into objectives, abilities, attitudes and restrictions of the cooperating parties in this example DBR project. We demonstrate how cooperation can help to overcome some of the obstacles in the process of developing innovation in the field. However, we additionally critically examine how cooperation between research and practice can be managed and ignite innovation that over time may have a transformative effect on practices often taken for granted in education. On this basis, we conclude that cooperation promotes mutual learning by both researchers and practitioners.