bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure dan Profitability Terhadap Tax Avoidance di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) Pada Tahun 2017-2020
Authors: Nawangsari Ajeng
Published: August 2022

This study aims to see whether Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) and Profitability have an effect on Tax Avoidance. This research took place over four years, from 2017 to 2020 and focused on companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). This study has a total sample of 136, with 34 companies per year. STATA software was used to perform multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the research hypotheses. Based on the conclusion of this study, the variable Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) has a significant negative effect on Tax Avoidance. On the other hand, Profitability has a significant negative impact on Tax Avoidance. Furthermore, Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Profitability simultaneously affect Tax Avoidance.
Integrasi Imtaq dan Iptek
Authors: Rianti Afika , Gunawan Rizki , Nur Kamelia Putri Renisa , Pangestu Ayu
Published: August 2022

Penyalahgunaan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi merupakan suatu permasalahan yang banyak terjadi saat ini. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, perlu adanya solusi untuk meminimalisir segala permasalahan yang mungkin terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan solusi dalam menghadapi penyalahgunaan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi yang marak terjadi. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi literatur dan survei melalui penyebaran angket. Dari hasil penelitian yang diperoleh responden setuju bahwa integrasi Iman dan Taqwa dan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi diperlukan untuk menghindari dampak negatif penyalahgunaan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi. Integrasi ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk terus mengembangkan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi yang sesuai dengan syariat agama Islam.
الفاء في سورة آل عمران وترجمتها إلى اللغة الإندونيسية
Authors: Ilman Shofi Mubarok  , Zahrul Fata
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Mengetahui macam-macam fa’ di dalam surat Ali Imran, 2) Mengetahui makna-makna fa’ di dalam surat Ali Imran, 3) Mengetauhi terjemahan bahasa Indonesianya fa’ di dalam surat Ali Imran versi terjemahan Kementrian Agama Republik Indonesia. Adapun jenis penelitian yang dipilih oleh peneliti dalam penyajian data yaitu penelitian pustaka. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode gramatikal dan semantik. Metode pengumpulan yang digunakan adalah metode dokumentasi, yaitu pengumpulan data dari dokumen-dokumen yang tertulis yang berhubungan dengan penelitian ini.  Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Macam-macam fa’ di dalam surat Ali Imran yaitu al-’atifah, al-sababiyyah, al-rabitah lijawab al-syarti, al-rabitah lijawab amma, fasihah, isti’nafiyyah, dan al-ta’liliyyah. 2) Makna-makna fa’ di dalam surat Ali Imran yaitu al-’atifah dengan arti kemudian, al-sababiyyah dengan arti supaya, agar supaya, untuk, maka menjadi sebab, yang menyebabkan, niscaya, al-rabitah lijawab al-syarti dengan arti maka, al-ta’liliyyah dengan arti sebab / karena / untuk. 3) kesalahan terjemahan fa’ didalam surat Ali Imran versi Kementrian Agama ditemukan dalam 49 ayat.
Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMP Negeri 1 Jetis Ponorogo
Authors: Elok Kuneta Faradila  , Basuki
Published: August 2022

Pengembangan kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam yang belum maksimal mengakibatkan merosotnya prestasi belajar siswa. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, perlu adanya pengembangan standar isi pada Permendikbud Nomor 21 Tahun 2016, standar proses pada Permendikbud Nomor 22 Tahun 2016, dan standar penilaian pada Permendikbud Nomor 23 Tahun 2016. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional (SISDIKNAS) menyebutkan bahwa kurikulum adalah seperangkat rencana dan pengaturan mengenai tujuan, isi, dan bahan pelajaran serta cara yang digunakan sebagai pedoman penyelenggaraan kegiatan pembelajaran. Pada bab X pasal 36 ayat 1 disebutkan bahwa pengembangan kurikulum dilakukan dengan mengacu pada standar nasional pendidikan untuk mewujudkan tujuan pendidikan nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif.Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.Keabsahan data diukur dengan ketekunan pengamatan, triangulasi, dan pengecekan.Analisis data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, verifikasi dan kesimpulan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) menjelaskan pengembangan standar isi kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMP Negeri 1 Jetis Ponorogo; (2) menjelaskan pengembangan standar proses kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam; dan (3) menjelaskan pengembangan standar penilaian kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan standar isi di SMP Negeri 1 Jetis meliputi pengembangan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. Pengembangan standar proses meliputi pengembangan hidden curriculum yaitu role model dari guru. Pengembangan standar penilaian meliputi penggabungan ketiga aspek penilaian yaitu aspek sosial, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan, dimana melibatkan bantuan orang tua.
Manajemen Konflik dalam Kisah Qabil dan Habil serta Relevansinya dengan Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Siti Nurjanah  , Iza Hanifuddin
Published: August 2022

Proses interaksi dan sosialisasi manusia dengan manusia lain dapat menimbulkan sebuah perbedaan kepentingan maupun perbedaan pandangan yang dapat memicu terjadinya konflik. Konflik yang terjadi dalam kehidupan manusia banyak jenisnya yakni konflik intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragrup, intergrup, intraorganisasi, konflik interorganisasiserta konflik lainnya. Pada Al-Qur’an juga disebutkan bahwa sebelum kehidupan manusia di muka bumi, konflik sudah ada dan terjadi yakni konflik antara dua putra Adam a.s., Qabil dan Habil. Konflik terjadi karena persembahan salah satu putra Nabi Adam a.s. tidak diterima oleh Allah Swt. Berdasarkan dari hal tersebut timbul perasaan iri sekaligus merasa dirugikan sehingga salah satu dari putra Adam a.s., tidak terima dan tidak dapat menahan nafsu serta godaan setan sehingga terjadilah konflik yang berujung pada pertumpahan darah. Hal tersebut merupakan representasi kehidupan manusia pada saat ini, dan jika dikaitkan dengan manajemen pendidikan Islam maka kajian ini sangatlah erat hubungannya, dimana dalam memanajemen sebuah lembaga atau organisasi pastilah memerlukan sumber daya manusiayang dapat memanajemen apapun dalam sebuah lembaga, tak terkecuali memanajemen konflik karena manusia sebagai tonggak utama dalam melaksanakan sebuah manajemen yang baik untuk kemajuan lembaganya. Kajian ini menggunakan metode Library Research, selanjutnya dilakukan analisis bacaan dengan menggunakan Content Analysis. Hasil dari kajian menunjukkan bahwasannya jenis konflik dalam kisah Qabil dan Habil terbagi menjadi dua yaitu jenis konflik interpersonal dan konflik destruktif. Relevansi manajemen konflik terhadap manajemen pendidikan Islam terletak pada ruang lingkup sumber daya manusianya, dimana manusia sebagai tonggak utama dalam menjalankan roda manajemen dalam sebuah organisasi, dan haruslah memberikan kepuasan bagi pihak-pihak yang sedang berkonflik.
Strategi Manajemen Pengembangan Mutu Ekstrakurikuler di SDN 1 Pijeran, Siman Ponorogo
Authors: Tegar Ayyu Mutmainasari  , Aksin
Published: August 2022

Beberapa lembaga pendidikan memiliki masalah berkaitan dengan faktor kurikulum yang diterapkan. Hal tersebut perlu diperbaiki melalui adanya terobosan-terobosan baru, salah satu diantaranya adalah dengan melakukan reorientasi penyelenggaraan pendidikan seperti kurikulum ekstrakurikuler.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian lapangan.  Rencana awal, pengembilan data menggunakan observasi, namun akibat adanya Covid 19 observasi tidak dapat dijalankan, sehingga peneliti hanya mewawancarai dan mendokumentasikan data sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang digunakan terdiri dari beberapa kegiatan diantaranya yaitu (1) Pembuatan visi, misi dan tujuan terbaru. (2) Mengamati daerah lingkungan sekolah. (3) Megamati lingkungan sekolah. (4) Pembuatan Rencana Ekstrakurikuler. Setelah selesai menyusun strategi, langkah selanjutnya yaitu mengimplemenasikan strategi tersebut dalam bentuk progam – progam ekstrakurikuler. Ekstrakurikuler dikelompokkan menjadi dua bagian yaitu ekstrakurikuler wajib dan ekstrakurikuer pilihan. Selain progam eksrakurikuler, pengimplementasian strategi juga diarahkan melalui progam pentas seni yang diadakan menjelang tahun ajaran baru. Atas kerja kerasnya dalam menyusun berbagai strategi dan mengimplementasikannya melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, pihak sekolah berhasil  memperoleh prestasi di berbagai lomba. Adapun hasil berupa perolehan prestasi tersebut, masyarakat sekitar semakin sadar bahwa sekolah dapat mengembangkan mutunya melalui ekstrakurikuler. Selain itu, masyarakat juga semakin sadar akan pentingnya bakat, minat dan pendidikan ekstrakurikuler bagi siswa.
Broad Ion Beam–Scanning Electron Microscopy Characterization of Organic Porosity Evolution During Thermal Treatment of Bazhenov Shale Sample
Authors: Karamov T. , Leushina E. , Kozlova E. , Spasennykh M.
Published: August 2022

Organic matter-hosted pores are considered as the main type of porosity in organic-rich shales. At the same time, literature indicates the formation of pore space during pyrolysis of oil shales. However, controls, evolution, and types of organic porosity remain controversial. This study aims to experimentally investigate the evolution of organic pores in an organic-rich shale sample during thermal treatment.

This paper reports the organic porosity evolution during an artificial maturation experiment of the Bazhenov Formation (BF) shale sample (West Siberian Petroleum Basin). The siliceous-argillaceous organic-rich shale immature nonporous rock sample was treated in an open system in the temperature range of 350–450°C with the step of 10°C. Organic porosity was characterized by the combination of broad ion beam (BIB) polishing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After each episode of treatment, the area of 1000×1000 μm was scanned with a resolution of 25 nm. The acquired mosaic SEM images were segmented by the neural network algorithm and quantitatively analyzed.

We demonstrate direct experimental evidence that thermal maturation/thermal treatment influence on organic porosity development. Organic porosity evolution is shown within the individual organic matter (OM) particles throughout the experiment. Thermal treatment leads to the formation of two types of organic pores, which are shrinkage and spongy pores. The first shrinkage pores start to form after the evacuation of existing hydrocarbons; they are relatively large and might reach 7 µm. This type of pore dominates at the initial stages of treatment (350–390°C). Porosity at this stage does not exceed 1.4%. The second type is spongy pores, which are up to 3–5 μm in size and are potentially formed due to hydrocarbon generation from the kerogen. This type of porosity becomes major after 400°C. This is confirmed by the pore size distribution analysis. The porosity spikes up to 2.3% after 400°C and rises up to 2.9% after 450°C.

Revealing of artificial organic porosity development during thermal treatment experiment shows the crucial importance of the thermal maturity level. The formation of pore space during the treatment is critical during the implementation of thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies in shales for fluid flow, and a mandatory aspect that should be accounted during thermal EOR simulations.
A Pressure-Driven Hole Cleaning Model and Its Application in Real-Time Monitoring with Along-String Pressure Measurements
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Islam Aminul
Published: August 2022

Hole cleaning is an important factor in horizontal drilling; however, there is no generally accepted approach to measure the cuttings distribution downhole in practical drilling applications. This study proposes an approach to evaluate the dynamic downhole cuttings distribution quantitatively by using along-string annular pressure (ASAP) data. The relationships between cuttings distribution and pressure drop are investigated, and a pressure-driven hole cleaning model is developed by inverting the effect of cuttings on wellbore pressure drop for given flow conditions. A hybrid drilling hydraulic model is developed by combining the traditional drilling hydraulic model and a self-tuning approach to accurately calculate wellbore pressure drop without cuttings. The effect of cuttings on pressure drop is obtained by comparing ASAP data and predicted pressure data from the hybrid drilling hydraulic model. Then, the downhole cuttings distribution is obtained by inverting the pressure changes using the pressure-driven hole cleaning model. This work provides an accurate approach to evaluate real-time hole cleaning conditions and detect insufficient hole cleaning problems for real-time drilling activities if wired drillpipe is deployed. It also expands existing analysis techniques for real-time drilling data and provides new methods to make use of the expanded sensor capability from wired drillpipe.
Cuttings Lifting Coefficient Model: A Criteria for Cuttings Lifting and Hole Cleaning Quality of Mud in Drilling Optimization
Authors: Jimmy Dorcas , Wami Emenike , Ogba Michael Ifeanyi
Published: August 2022

In this study, the hole cleaning qualities of mud samples formulated with tigernut derivatives – starch and fibre – as additives were determined by adding drill cuttings as impurities and evaluating the Carrying Capacity Index (CCI) as well as Transport Index (TI) of the muds. Results of the analysis conducted for the mud properties showed that all the different mud properties but the pH of the mud evaluated of mud samples B, C1, C2, and C3 were slightly higher (albeit within the recommended values) than those of the control (standard) mud sample A. Using the results obtained from mud properties analysis and drilling operations data for the evaluation of the hole cleaning qualities, the following new expressions for optimum cuttings lifting ability (β) and cuttings lifting coefficient (β1), which gives criteria for cutting lifting in a wellbore were developed: β1 = 0.11519 [(1 − Cf)]−1(dp)−2.014. The higher the value of β1 greater than one, the better the hole cleaning ability of the mud and the lower the mud flowrate needed to achieve better hole cleaning for a given cutting particle size.
A Redesigned Approach for Production String Paraffin Deposit Removal Using Thermo-Mechanical Technology: The Paraffin Melting Tool
Authors: Okoronkwo Leonard Ogbonnia , Okene Stella , Kohut Cory
Published: August 2022

Paraffin precipitation and deposition on the internal walls of oil well production string continues to remain an age-long concern for operators especially in mature oilfield regions of the world. Paraffin or wax deposits constitute a major challenge to meeting reservoir production daily target output due to flow restriction along production string. Several options or techniques have been deployed to manage continuous wax deposition including use of hot oil, hot water, scratching and scraping, using of chemicals and even combination techniques. These techniques have yielded different results with some associated concerns ranging from safety, cost to formation damage (permeability impairment). The latest being use of thermochemical fluids to generate in-situ heat and pressure to dissolve wax and flush same from production tubing (Amjed, et al. 2019). However, this combination method presents some challenges including potential completion string corrosion and pipe integrity. This paper will discuss the performance of a field proven thermo-mechanical technique for wax removal. This technique is being currently deployed in Niger-Delta and Gulf-of-Mexico (GoM) regions with excellent results. The thermo-mechanical system utilizes battery packs to generate heat in a heating element, transfers the heat through a patented heat-transfer-fluid to a mechanical cutting head that delivers speedy melting and cutting of deposited wax. The result is a wax-free completion tubing walls.
Hydra bioassay for the evaluation of chlordecone toxicity at environmental concentrations, alone or in complex mixtures with dechlorinated byproducts: experimental observations and modeling by experimental design
Authors: Moreau Xavier , Claeys-Bruno Magalie , Andraud Jean-Pascal , Macarie Hervé , Martínez Daniel E , Robin Maxime , Sergent Michelle , De Jong Laetitia
Published: August 2022

In chlordecone (CLD) contaminated soils of the French West Indies, if microbial remediation or a physicochemical remediation process, e.g., in situ chemical reduction, is implemented, concentrations of degradation byproducts, such as hydrochlordecones, are expected to increase in the ecosystems. To study their impact in mixtures with CLD, bioassays were carried out. They consisted in evaluating the regenerative capacity of hydra polyps, from a clone whose phylogenetic analysis confirmed that it belonged to the species Hydra vulgaris Pallas, 1766. Hydra gastric sections were exposed to CLD alone or CLD plus dechlorinated byproducts (CLD-BPs) for 96 h to assess regeneration. Based on chromatographic analysis, the CLD-BPs mix was composed of the 5-monohydrochlordecone isomer (CAS nomenclature), four dihydrochlordecone isomers and one trihydrochlordecone isomer representing 50%, 47% and 3% of the total chromatographic area, respectively. A total of 18 mixtures of CLD and CLD-BPs were tested. Six environmental concentrations of CLD (2.10− 4 µM to 4.10− 2 µM) and a similar range of CLD-BPs were used. Results from exposures to CLD alone showed: (i) a significant decrease in the regenerative capacity of hydra, except at the lowest concentration (2.10− 4 µM), (ii) a concentration-independent deleterious effect. The regeneration scores obtained after the exposure to the addition of CLD-BPs were not significantly different from those obtained after exposure to CLD alone. Using an experimental design, a modeling of the regeneration scores of hydra exposed to mixtures is proposed. Interpreted carefully, since they are limited to only one type of bioassay, the present results suggest that the situation in the aquatic environments should not become worse in terms of toxicity, if soil remediation programs resulting in the formation of hydrochlordecones are put in place.
Machine learning algorithm ensembles for early oral cancer risk assessment using Raman cyto-spectroscopy
Authors: Chaudhuri Dwiteeya , Ghosh Aritri , Raha Shreya , Chatterjee Kabita , Barui Ananya
Published: August 2022

Raman cyto-spectroscopy is an emerging technique for early oral cancer risk assessment. Applying machine learning algorithms (MLA) on Raman cyto-spectra of exfoliated oral epithelial cells, we present an automated and label-free method for early oral cancer risk assessment. Raman spectra were collected from healthy volunteers, patients with pre-cancerous lesions and oral sub-mucous fibrosis (OSCC). To perform nonlinear multi-class classification of Raman cyto-spectra and overcome the small sample size problem, two MLA ensembles namely linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with decision tree classifier (DTC) and LDA with support vector machine (SVM) were employed. Both LDA-DTC and LDA-SVM ensembles showed increased overall average accuracy of 88±8% compared to either DTC (48±19%) or SVM (58±15%) classifier without LDA. However, class-wise evaluation showed an improved performance of LDA-SVM compared to LDA-DTC as assessed by performance indices like sensitivity, MCC and F1 score. Further, blind test was performed with the Raman spectra of habitual cigarette smokers as susceptible group and healthy volunteers as control group for assessing the performance of the classifier ensembles in early cancer risk prediction. Misclassifications of the spectra from control group were also analysed and LDA-SVM showed highest (95%) classification accuracy. It is concluded that, LDA-SVM is a potential tool for precise detection of early oral cancer risk and can be applied to screen susceptible patients.
Binding Affinity Estimation from Restrained Umbrella Sampling Simulations
Authors: Kumar Vivek Govind , Agrawal Shilpi , Kumar Thallapuranam , Moradi Mahmoud
Published: August 2022

The protein-ligand binding affinity quantifies the binding strength between a protein and its ligand. Computer modeling and simulations can be used to estimate the binding affinity or binding free energy using data- or physics-driven methods or a combination thereof. Here, we discuss a purely physics-based sampling approach based on biased molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our proposed method generalizes and simplifies previously suggested stratification strategies that use umbrella sampling (US) or other enhanced sampling simulations with additional collective-variable based restraints. The novel approach presented here uses a flexible scheme that can be easily tailored for any system of interest. We estimate the binding affinity of human fibroblast growth factor 1 (hFGF1) to heparin hexasaccharide based on the available crystal structure of the complex as the initial model and four different variations of the proposed method to compare against the experimentally determined binding affinity obtained from isothermal calorimetry (ITC) experiments. Our results indicate that enhanced sampling methods that sample along the ligand-protein distance without restraining other degrees of freedom do not perform as well as those with additional restraint. In particular, restraining the orientation of the ligand plays the most crucial role in reaching a reasonable estimate for binding affinity. The general framework presented here provides a general scheme for designing practical binding free energy estimation methods for flexible ligands and proteins.
Spatial distribution of radon contamination in hot springs water and its cancer and non-cancer risks in the Hunza-Nagar valley, Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Said , Haq Anwarul
Published: August 2022

Radon (222Rn) is a ubiquitous radioactive gas and could threaten human life due to its potential for cancer and non-cancer risks. This study examined 222Rn concentration in the Hunza-Nagar valley along the Main Karakoram Thrust (MKT) fault. For this purpose, hot springs water of Hunza and Nagar districts and that background sites were analyzed using the RAD7 detector (Durridge Company, USA). Results showed that 222Rn concentration of hot spring water was found multifold higher than the background sites. 222Rn concentrations for hot springs water in Hunza-Nagar valley had surpassed the maximum contamination level (MCL) set by the USA environmental protection agency (USEPA). The concentration of 222Rn showed a strong positive correlation (> 0.68) with hot springs' water temperature and pH. The annual mean exposure dose rates of humans for various age groups were calculated for the estimated lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) and non-cancer risks. Among the age groups of humans, infants showed higher risk compared to others. Results showed that hot spring water consumption surpassed the world health organization (WHO) threshold limit of 100 µSv/y for chronic or non-cancer and USEPA 0.1x10− 3 for ELCR risks.
Cooled radiofrequency ablation versus cryoneurolysis for the symptomatic management of pain in knee osteoarthritis: A prospective, randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial.
Authors: Panagopoulos Andreas , Tsiplakos Panagiotis , Katsanos Konstantinos , Antzoulas Panagiotis , Parchas Nikolaos , Lakoumentas John , Tatani Irini , Gliatis John
Published: August 2022

Background
Knee osteoarthritis is a disease linked to severe pain and disability and several methods have been used to aid alleviate its symptoms, with varying degrees of success. Cooled radiofrequency ablation (CRFA) and cryoneurolysis (CRYON) are two novel methods under investigation for their capacity to control pain in knee osteoarthritis, while keeping a low complication rate. In this study the two methods will be compared with sham surgery, giving us an opportunity to compare their results.
Methods
In this prospective, randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial 60 patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis will be recruited using a diagnostic block of the genicular nerves under ultrasound guidance. Three groups will be created: cooled radiofrequency ablation group (24 patients), cryoneurolysis group (24 patients) and sham group (12 patients), through software randomization. Target of the interventions will be the three main genicular nerves; superior medial, superior lateral and inferior medial as well as the suprapatellar branch. The primary objective of this clinical trial is to evaluate the efficacy of CRFA or CRYON in comparison to sham surgery at 2-, 4-, 12- and 24-weeks post intervention using the Numerical Rating Pain Scale. Secondary objectives will be the safety of the 2 main techniques, as well as the clinical outcomes at 12- and 24-weeks post intervention using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, the Oxford Knee Score and the 7-point scale of Patient Global Impression of Change.
Discussion
These two novel techniques are able to block the pain transmission through the genicular nerves via different ways. In contrast to cryoneurolysis treatment, where the literature is scarce, the method of CRFA has been well documented in the past. This will be the first clinical trial to compare them to sham surgery and draw conclusions about their safety and efficacy. The main genicular nerves as targets for cryoneurolysis will also be utilized for the first time. The institutional review board (IRB) of our University Hospital has approved the study (11846/05/10/2021) and written informed consent from participating patients would be obtained.
Trial registration
ISRCTN87455770 https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN87455770
Capnographic monitoring reduces the incidence of hypoxia in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy under propofol sedation: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lian Qiuyue , Chen Shaoyi , Cheng Xiangyang , Zhang Jie , Yu Weifeng , Zhou Renlong , Su Diansan
Published: August 2022

Background: Hypoxia is an extremely common adverse event occurring during a sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy procedure, especially in elderly patients, because of the limited reservation. Prolonged or severe hypoxia can cause ischemia of coronary artery, permanent nervous system damage, or even result in death. Hence, it is extremely important to reduce or prevent hypoxia during sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients. Although several oxygen methods would reduce hypoxia during this procedure, early detection of respiratory depression and early administration of intervention would be the best method to reduce or even confirm the hypoxia. Capnographic monitoring is found to be more sensitive to respiratory depression in patients before the onset of hypoxia than the current clinical routine monitoring of pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ); however, there exists a controversy regarding its effect. Therefore, this study was designed to improve the security of sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients. Methods: A multicenter, randomized, single-blind, two-arm parallel-group, controlled with active comparator, interventional clinical trial will be conducted to evaluate the impact of an intervention based on additional capnographic monitoring on the incidence of hypoxia in elderly patients. Patients (n = 1800) scheduled for gastrointestinal endoscopy with propofol sedation will be randomly assigned to either a control arm with standard monitoring or an interventional arm in which additional capnographic monitoring is available. Discussion: This research project is primarily intended to examine whether an intervention based on additional capnographic monitoring would reduce the incidence of hypoxia in elderly patients during propofol and sufentanil sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy. The results of this study may have a extensive impact on sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy practice and the development of guidelines. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05030870. Registered on September 1, 2021.
A cross-sectional study of the endorsement proportion of reporting guidelines in 1039 Chinese medical journals
Authors: Duan Yuting , Zhao Lingyun , Ma Yanfang , Luo Jingyuan , Chen Juexuan , Miao Jiangxia , Zhang Xuan , Moher David , Bian Zhaoxiang
Published: August 2022

Background
Reporting quality is a critical issue among health sciences. Adopting the reporting guidelines has been approved to be an effective way for enhancing the reporting quality and transparency of clinical research. In 2012, we found that only 7 (7/1221, 0.6%) journals adopted the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement in China. To know the implementation status of CONSORT and other reporting guidelines about clinical studies in China.
Methods
A cross-sectional bibliometric study was conducted. Eight medical databases were systematically searched, and 1039 medical journals published in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan were included. The basic characteristics, including subject, language, publication place, journal-indexed databases, and journal impact factor were extracted. The endorsement of reporting guidelines was assessed by a modified 5-level evaluation tool, namely i) positive active, ii) positive weak, iii) passive moderate, iv) passive weak and v) none.
Results
Among included journals, 24.1% endorsed CONSORT, and 0.8% endorsed CONSORT extensions. For STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology), PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), STARD (An Updated List of Essential Items for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies), CARE (CAse REport guidelines), the endorsement proportion were 17.2%, 16.6%, 16.4%, and 14.8% respectively. The endorsement proportion for SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials), TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis), AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation), and RIGHT (Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare) were below 0.7%.
Conclusions
Our results showed that the implementation of reporting guidelines has increased compared to ten years ago but remains sub-optimal. We suggest the following initiatives including i) enhancing the level of journal endorsement for reporting guidelines; ii) strengthening the collaboration among authors, reviewers, editors, and other stakeholders; iii) providing training courses for stakeholders; iv) establishing bases for reporting guidelines network in China; v) adopting the endorsement of reporting guidelines in the policies of China Periodicals Association (CPA); vi) promoting Chinese medical journals into international evaluation system and publish in English.
Fatty acid isotopic composition in Atlantic pollock is not influenced by environmentally relevant dietary fat concentrations
Authors: Budge Suzanne , Townsend Kathryn , Ziegler Susan E. , Lall Santosh P.
Published: August 2022

The application of fatty acid (FA) isotopic analysis has great potential in elucidating food web structure, but it has not experienced the same wide-spread use as amino acid isotopic analyses. The failure to adopt FA isotopic methods is almost certainly linked to a lack of reliable information on trophic fractionation of FA, particularly in higher predators. In this work, we attempt to address this shortfall, through comparison of FA δ 13 C values in captive Atlantic pollock ( Pollachius virens ) liver and their known diets. Since catabolism is likely the main cause of fractionation and it may vary with dietary fat content, we investigated the impact of dietary fat concentration on isotopic discrimination in FA. We fed Atlantic pollock three formulated diets with similar FA isotopic compositions but different fat concentrations (5 – 9% of diet), representative of the range found in natural prey, for 20 weeks. At the conclusion of the study, δ 13 C values of liver FA were very similar to the FA within the corresponding diets, with most discrimination factors < 1. For all FA except 22:6n-3, dietary fat had no effect on discrimination factors. Only for 22:6n-3 did fish fed the highest fat diet have lower δ 13 C values than the diet consumed. Thus, these FA-specific discrimination factors can be applied to evaluate diets in marine fish consuming natural diets and will serve as additional and valuable biomarkers in fish feeding ecology.
RRM2 and CDC6 are novel effectors of XBP1-mediated endocrine resistance and predictive markers of tamoxifen sensitivity
Authors: Barua David , Sultana Afrin , Islam Md Nahidul , Cox Fergus , Gupta Ananya , Gupta Sanjeev
Published: August 2022

Background
Endocrine-resistant breast cancers have elevated expression of XBP1, where it drives endocrine resistance by controlling the expression of its target genes. Despite the in-depth understanding of the biological functions of XBP1 in ER-positive breast cancer, effectors of endocrine resistance downstream of XBP1 are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to understand the XBP1-mediated novel targets in endocrine resistant breast cancer.
Methods
XBP1 deficient sub-clones in MCF7 cells were generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockout strategy and were validated using western blot and RT-PCR. Cell viability and cell proliferation were evaluated using the MTS assay and colony formation assay, respectively. Cell death and cell cycle analysis were determined using flow cytometry. Transcriptomic data from the gene expression omnibus dataset (GSE49955) was analysed to identify XBP1-regulated targets. The expression of target molecules was determined using western blot and qRT-PCR. Lentivirus and retrovirus transfection were used to generate RRM2 and CDC6 overexpressing clones, respectively. The prognostic value of the XBP1-gene signature was analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.
Results
Deletion of XBP1 compromised the upregulation of UPR-target genes during conditions of endoplasmic reticulum (EnR) stress and sensitized cells to EnR stress-induced cell death. Loss of XBP1 in MCF7 cells decreased cell growth, attenuated the induction of estrogen-responsive genes and sensitized them to anti-estrogen agents. The expression of cell cycle associated genes RRM2, CDC6, and TOP2A was significantly reduced upon XBP1 deletion/inhibition in several ER-positive breast cancer cells. Expression of RRM2, CDC6, and TOP2A was increased upon estrogen stimulation and in cells harbouring point-mutants (Y537S, D538G) of ESR1 in steroid free conditions. Ectopic expression of RRM2 and CDC6 increased cell growth and reversed the hypersensitivity of XBP1 KO cells towards tamoxifen conferring endocrine resistance. Importantly, increased expression of XBP1-gene signature was associated with poor outcome and reduced efficacy of tamoxifen treatment in ER-positive breast cancer.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that RRM2 and CDC6 downstream of XBP1 contribute to endocrine resistance in ER-positive breast cancer. XBP1-gene signature is associated with poor outcome and response to tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Ugandan soybean (Glycine max (L.) germplasm based on DArTseq
Authors: Lukanda Musondolya Mathe , Dramadri Isaac Onziga , Adjei Emmanuel Amponsah , Perpetua Arusei , Gitonga Hellen Wairimu , Wasswa Peter , Edema Richard , Ssemakula Mildred Ochwo , Tukamuhabwa Phinehas , Geoffrey Tusiime
Published: August 2022

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) is an important oil crop with production below the real need in Africa. To increase the production, substantial upgrading must be accomplished by enlarging the genetic potential of new cultivars that relays on the parents' genetic diversity. We aimed to assess the genetic diversity and the population structure of soybean accessions, therefore, evaluate soybean value in terms of use for breeding purposes. To accomplish this, a set of 282 soybean accessions were genotyped using the Diversity Array Technology Sequencing with a high throughput of the Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A total of 6,935 high-quality SNPs were identified across the whole soybean genome. The mean value of genetic diversity, major alleles frequency, minor alleles frequency, expected heterozygosity, and the polymorphism information content was respectively estimated at 0.35, 0.77, 0.22, 0.33, and 0.29. The analysis of molecular variance reveals that the variance among the populations is lower than the variance within the populations. The soybean accessions could be classified into two groups based on the model-based population structure and the principal coordinate analysis or into three groups based on the discriminant analysis of the principal component and the Neighbor-joining tree. The information provided in this study will be helpful for breeders.
A scalable optical computer based on free-space optics using lens arrays and a spatial light modulator
Authors: Ju Young-Gu
Published: August 2022

A scalable optical computer based on free-space optics was proposed to obtain optical parallelism in an artificial neural network. The combination of lens arrays, a spatial light modulator, and a large-diameter lens can distribute the weighted input light to multiple detectors, which can add light from multiple inputs to achieve a linear combination optical engine. The nonlinear part of the neural network can be processed using distributed electronics, as in smart pixels. The proposed design was realised in hardware with 2×2 inputs and 2×2 outputs, using light-emitting diodes, a liquid crystal display, lens arrays, and a detector array assembled in an optical cage system with subsidiary electronics. The feasibility of the constructed optical computer was demonstrated by achieving the expected results of NAND and NOR logics in parallel in the non-difference mode. A simple pattern-checking function in the difference mode was also shown. The proposed architecture has the potential for realising massive optical parallelism if large array components and high-speed electronics are used in the future.
How Can We Meet the Diverse Needs of Patients, Their Families and Their Communities? A Qualitative Study Including Clinicians, Consumer Representatives, Patients, and Community Stakeholders.
Authors: Roberts Natasha , Jacmon Helene , Scanlon Brighid , Battersby Chrissy , Buttrum Peter , James Christine
Published: August 2022

Background:The Diversity Working Group was formed to provide guidance to implement hospital health services strategies that could better address the diverse needs of patients and communities, with particular attention to those at greater risk of harm. It was identified that a better understanding of gaps in patient facing areas was required.Methods:A qualitative study was conducted by an experienced team from varied professional backgrounds including a clinician researcher, a nurse researcher with expertise in culturally and linguistically diverse community care and a consumer representative with expertise in advocacy and carer representation. Qualitative questions were co-designed, aiming to identify enablers and barriers to person-centred care. Community stakeholders, and clinical staff and patients from both ambulatory and inpatient areas were approached to participate. Responses were coded independently and synthesised using a Framework Approach. ResultsIn total 3 community stakeholders, 40 clinical staff and 30 patients consented to participate in the qualitative study over a period of three weeks. There were three key themes across responses, ‘What are diverse needs?’; ‘Assigning people to a group does not identify a diverse need’; ‘Unplanned care amplifies diverse needs’. Those patients who were isolated, for any number of reasons, were identified as at greatest risk of harm. Conclusion:Taking a person-centred approach can potentially ensure that the diverse needs of patients and communities will be better identified and responded to. Resources are needed to support patients and their families at times of transition care, particularly when care is unplanned.
Trophic ontogeny of a generalist predator is conserved across space
Authors: Stallings Christopher D , Nelson James A , Peebles Ernst B , Ellis Gregory , Goddard Ethan A , Jue Nathaniel K , Mickle Alejandra , Tzadik Orian E , Koenig Christopher C
Published: August 2022

Consumers can influence ecological patterns and processes through their trophic roles and contributions to the flow of energy through ecosystems. However, the diet and associated trophic roles of consumers commonly changes during ontogeny. Despite the prevalence of ontogenetic variation in trophic roles of most animals, we lack an understanding of whether they change consistently across local populations and broad geographic gradients. We examined how the diet and trophic position of a generalist marine predator varied with ontogeny across seven broadly separated locations (~ 750km). We observed a high degree of heterogeneity in prey consumed without evidence of spatial structuring in this variability. However, compound specific isotope analysis of amino acids revealed remarkably consistent patterns of increasing trophic position through ontogeny across local populations, suggesting that the roles of this generalist predator scaled with its body size across space. Given the high degree of diet heterogeneity we observed, this finding suggests that even though the dietary patterns differed, the underlying food web architecture transcended variation in prey species across locations for this generalist consumer. Our research addresses a gap in empirical field work regarding the interplay between stage-structured populations and food webs, and suggests ontogenetic changes in trophic position can be consistent in generalist consumers.
TCP1 promotes the progression of malignant tumors by stabilizing c-Myc through the AKT/GSK-3β and ERK signaling pathways
Authors: Chen Yuanzhong , Liu Hekun , Chen Linying , Jin Yiyi , Chen Xiance , Ma Nengjun , Yang Fan , Bi Huixia , Liu Wenwen , Wen Xinxin , Li Xinyan , Xu Shenmin , Xu Hongliang , Chen Juan , Lin Yanping , Chen Yuwen , Yang Yinghong , Wu Yong
Published: August 2022

TCP1, one of the subunits of molecular chaperone containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) (CCT1), maybe play an essential role in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. However, the biological functions and the underlying mechanisms of TCP1 in tumors are not fully understood. Here, we found that TCP1 levels increased with successive generations of xenografted tumors and were associated with the tumorigenicity of HL-60 cells. TCP1 expression was significantly higher in de novo and recurrent leukemia clinical samples and in various solid tumor tissues than in their related normal tissues. High expression of TCP1 was significantly associated with poor outcomes in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and HCC. Functional assays and mechanistic studies revealed that TCP1 suppression not only decreased the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells in vitro but also inhibited tumor growth and metastatic spread in vivo. Ubiquitination assays and mechanistic studies revealed that TCP1 regulated the stability of c-Myc through the AKT/GSK-3β and ERK signaling pathways. Moreover, TCP1 knockin (TCP1-KI) mice, which generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering, dramatically facilitated the occurrence of DEN-induced HCC. Our results demonstrate a novel mechanism of TCP1 regulation in multiple malignant tumors, and targeting TCP1 may provide new therapeutic strategies for the cancer treatment.
Numerical simulation model of reciprocating rod seal systems with axial wear texture on rod surface
Authors: Xiang Chong , Guo Fei , Jia Xiaogong , Wang Yuming
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a simulation model of reciprocating rod seal systems when there is axial texture on the rod surface due to wear is studied. The model includes macroscopic solid mechanics analysis, microscopic contact mechanics analysis and fluid mechanics analysis, and on this basis, the change of surface pressure when the sealing ring fall into a texture is calculated by the micro-deformation mechanics analysis of the seal surface. Then, the stiffness matrix method is used to find the film thickness when the three pressures in the sealing area are in equilibrium, completing the fluid-solid coupling calculation. Combined with the above simulation process, the performance parameters of the sealing system such as leakage and friction can be obtained. Results show that axial texture will degrade sealing performance, which increases leakage and friction. The simulation results can quantitative characterize the influence of rod wear on sealing performance and provide some theoretical basis for the study of seal failure mechanism and prediction of seal life.
Long-term and Short-term Memory Networks Based on Forgetting Memristors
Authors: Liu Yi , Chen Ling , Li Chuandong , Liu Xin , Zhou Wenhao , Li Ke
Published: August 2022

The hardware circuit of neural network based on forgetting memristor not only has the characteristics of high computational efficiency and low power consumption, but also has the advantage that a memristor can store the weight of long-term memory and short-term memory. Neural networks based on forgetting memristors can process two different data sets, however, the number of data sets processed is determined by the conversion rate of short-time memory network to long-term memory network. In this paper, a model of forgetting memristor with controllable decay rate is proposed, the voltage source signal is used to set the weight and decay rate of long and short-term memory, and the hardware simulation circuit of long-term and short-term memory(LSTM) network was built based on the forgetting memristor bridge array, and tested on KMNIST and FASHION-MNIST data sets. The experimental results show that the long-term memory network and the short-term memory network can be converted into each other in the LSTM network based on