bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lived experience of pilonidal sinus disease: Systematic review and meta‐ethnography
Authors: Aimar Kelsey , Baker Daniel M. , Li Elizabeth , Lee Matthew J.
Published: January 2025

Aim

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) poses significant treatment challenges due to a lack of consensus on the diverse range of surgical approaches routinely employed, prompting a renewed focus on the patient experience. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of patients with PSD to better inform future person‐centred treatment.

Method

A systematic review was performed to identify papers reporting qualitative studies on the lived experience of PSD. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched, using a predefined search strategy. Studies were dual screened at each stage, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. Analytical frameworks were extracted, along with supporting quotes. A meta‐ethnographic approach was used to systemically compare and synthesize frameworks in line with the eMERGe meta‐ethnography protocol. The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024495608).

Results

Four full texts covering three studies were included. Three key themes emerged: (1) disruption to activities of daily living; (2) impact on psychological well‐being; (3) navigating healthcare. Reduction of physical activity was patient‐led, owing to fears of exacerbating symptoms and wound complications. PSD had a complex influence on self‐perception and emotional state, leading to changed relationships with others. This was largely driven by the forced reliance on others for wound care. The final theme highlighted concerns regarding unexpected disease course and outcomes stemming from a lack of patient awareness of PSD.

Conclusion

This study informs a more sophisticated understanding of the experience of individuals living with PSD and has identified recommendations that should guide future clinical practice and research.
Baseline and cumulative Chinese visceral adiposity index and diabetic kidney disease: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Ming , Liu Qitong , Liu Yang , Ning Ning , Zhou Jin , Zhou Di , Zheng Huancong , Wu Shouling , Gao Jingli , Ma Yanan
Published: January 2025

Background

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) makes up nearly half of all chronic kidney disease cases and is a major cause of mortality for people with diabetes. However, the study of the association of longitudinal Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) with DKD is still missing.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 7874 diabetes patients from the Kailuan study. These participants had complete repeated waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol measurements that formed the continuous CVAI records. DKD was defined by increased proteinuria or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), preceded by diabetes. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the associations between baseline and cumulative CVAI and the risk of DKD.

Results

There is a positive association between the CVAI level, whether baseline or cumulative, and the incidence of DKD among diabetic patients (p for log‐rank tests <0.001). Compared to low CVAI level, the high baseline CVAI level was positively associated with the risk of DKD (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.42), as well as the high cumulative CVAI level (HR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.29–2.04). In addition, the assumption of linearity for the positive associations between both baseline (P‐nonlinear = 0.264, p for overall <0.001) and cumulative (P‐nonlinear = 0.765, p for overall <0.001) CVAI with incident DKD was satisfied.

Conclusions

Higher baseline and cumulative CVAI are associated with a higher risk of DKD. This finding suggests the health benefits of low levels of CVAI and the importance of its regular surveillance among individuals with diabetes.
Apolipoprotein CIII correlates with lipoproteins in the fed state and is not regulated by leptin administration in states of hypoleptinemia induced by acute or chronic energy deficiency: Results from two randomised controlled trials
Authors: Ramirez‐Cisneros Arantxa , Stefanakis Konstantinos , Mantzoros Christos S.
Published: January 2025

Background

Medications targeting the leptin and Apolipoprotein CIII (APOC3) pathways are currently under development for the treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia. Given that both pathways are implicated in triglyceride regulation, it is unknown whether they function independently or interact under physiological conditions and under acute or long‐term energy deficiency.

Methods

APOC3 levels and their association with circulating lipids and lipoproteins were evaluated in the context of two randomised controlled studies. In Study‐1, 15 healthy individuals were examined under three distinct conditions, each lasting 72 h: isocaloric feeding, fasting with placebo administration and fasting with leptin administered at replacement doses. In Study‐2, 20 females with hypoleptinemia due to relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) for a minimum of 6 months were treated with either leptin or a placebo for 36 weeks.

Results

In Study‐1, APOC3 levels remained stable across all arms and were unaffected by leptin administration. In the fed state, APOC3 levels presented positive correlations with various VLDL, IDL, LDL and HDL sizes, and free fatty acids (FFA), most of which were not replicated in fasting. During complete energy deprivation, APOC3 was correlated with HDL molecules, glutamine and FFA, whereas its levels were positively associated only with FFA under leptin treatment. In Study‐2, APOC3 levels were lower in the leptin group, but this was not a leptin‐dependent effect. A positive correlation between APOC3 levels and HDL was observed in the leptin group.

Conclusions

These results contribute towards our better understanding of the intricate nature of lipid regulation under energy deficiency, suggesting that medications targeting the leptin and APOC3 pathways act through different metabolic pathways and thus may have independent effects from each other in regulating triglycerides.
Core strength: international evidence on the impact of energy prices on core inflation
Authors: Vlieghe Gertjan
Published: January 2025

In the post‐pandemic period, there was substantial cross‐country heterogeneity in energy prices faced by consumers, due to variation in countries' energy mixes, as well as variation in government energy subsidy policies. The main contribution of this paper is to exploit this country‐level variation to show that countries with higher domestic energy prices faced higher subsequent core inflation. Core inflation rises gradually after an energy shock, for a little over a year, before falling back to the pre‐shock rate of inflation. We argue that in the aftermath of large energy price shocks, core inflation is not a reliable measure of underlying or persistent inflation, and should be adjusted for the predicted, country‐specific, energy cost pass‐through. Focusing more narrowly on services inflation rather than core inflation does not solve the problem, as services inflation responds similarly, in both magnitude and duration, to energy price shocks.
Effects of Social Structure on Effective Population Size Change Estimates
Authors: Parreira Bárbara Ribeiro , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Chikhi Lounès
Published: January 2025

Most methods currently used to infer the “demographic history of species” interpret this expression as a history of population size changes. The detection, quantification, and dating of demographic changes often rely on the assumption that population structure can be neglected. However, most vertebrates are typically organized in populations subdivided into social groups that are usually ignored in the interpretation of genetic data. This could be problematic since an increasing number of studies have shown that population structure can generate spurious signatures of population size change. Here, we simulate microsatellite data from a species subdivided into social groups where reproduction occurs according to different mating systems (monogamy, polygynandry, and polygyny). We estimate the effective population size (Ne) and quantify the effect of social structure on estimates of changes in Ne. We analyze the simulated data with two widely used methods for demographic inference. The first approach, BOTTLENECK, tests whether the samples are at mutation–drift equilibrium and thus whether a single Ne can be estimated. The second approach, msvar, aims at quantifying and dating changes in Ne. We find that social structure may lead to signals of departure from mutation–drift equilibrium including signals of expansion and bottlenecks. We also find that expansion signals may be observed under simple stationary Wright–Fisher models with low diversity. Since small populations tend to characterize many endangered species, we stress that methods trying to infer Ne should be interpreted with care and validated with simulated data incorporating information about structure. Spurious expansion signals due to social structure can mask critical population size changes. These can obscure true bottleneck events and be particularly problematic in endangered species.
Experimental Investigation of Low‐Cycle Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of AA5059 Aluminum Alloy in Air and 3.5% NaCl Solution Environments
Authors: Selvan Dharani Kumar , Ganesan Karthick , Prasath V. Manoj Mohan
Published: January 2025

The shipbuilding industry is increasingly adopting aluminum alloys like AA5059 over traditional steel alloys to achieve lighter structures, enhanced environmental protection, and improved energy efficiency. Ship structures are frequently subjected to fatigue loading from combined wave‐induced stresses and corrosive effects. This study investigates the low‐cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of AA5059 aluminum alloy in both air and a 3.5% NaCl solution to assess the impact of corrosion on fatigue life. LCF tests were conducted at strain amplitudes of ΔεT/2 = 0.3%–0.7%. The findings indicate a marked reduction in fatigue life in the NaCl solution compared with air, regardless of strain amplitude. Back (σb), effective (σeff) stresses were assessed using Dickson's approach, showing reduced back stress and increased effective stress in 3.5% NaCl, indicating diminished hardening and enhanced plastic deformation. Corrosion was observed to enhance plastic strain energy density (PSED), with specimens exhibiting massing behavior in air and non‐massing behavior in the corrosive environment. Fractographic analysis revealed corrosion pits, oxide formations, and secondary cracks in the crack initiation (CI), crack propagation (CP), and final fracture (FF) regions in NaCl. These findings on the low‐cycle corrosion fatigue performance of AA5059 provide valuable guidance for its application in shipbuilding, particularly in corrosive marine environments.
Reusable Turbine Material GH4586: Stochastic Analysis and Reliability Assessment of Low‐Cycle Fatigue Life Parameters at Multiple Temperatures
Authors: Ma Yixin , Liu Bingyang , Wang Wei , Cai Guobiao , Jin Ping
Published: January 2025

Turbines, crucial in reusable rocket engines, benefit significantly from precise fatigue life forecasting in their force‐thermal cyclic loading conditions. Further, low‐cycle fatigue life predictions can be random due to uncertainties in material properties. This study aims to analyze the probabilistic low‐cycle fatigue life of GH4586 under different temperature. Mechanical and thermal tests were carried out for the temperatures between 87 K and 1173 K. Random distributions of low‐cycle fatigue parameters were obtained using various methods. The cyclic life reliability of a reusable rocket engine turbine rotor blisk was analyzed using stochastic low‐cycle fatigue parameters. Mitchell's method had a higher prediction accuracy when the reliability was greater than 0.8. Sensitivity analysis shows the significant impact of GH4586 fatigue parameters on cyclic life reliability. Sensitivity coefficients of strength coefficient and ductility coefficient are 32.73% and 27.06%, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights that inform the design of turbines and enhance their reliability.
Water Temperature, Prey Concentration and Salmonid Density Influence Daily Growth of Wild Juvenile Salmonids in Tributaries of the Upper Salmon River, Idaho (USA)
Authors: Kiffney Peter. M. , Sanderson Beth L. , Veggerby Karl B. , Lamb Jesse James , Axel Gordon A.
Published: January 2025

Theory, experiments and field studies indicate that the somatic growth rate of freshwater consumers is shaped by the individual, additive and multiplicative effects of multiple factors, including consumer size and condition, temperature, prey resources and biotic interactions. While our understanding of how these factors affect wild populations of freshwater consumers is improving, the topic remains poorly studied, especially with respect to mobile species.

Here, we report on an 8‐year, seven‐stream (n = 49 stream‐year combinations) observational study examining the individual and interactive effects of invertebrate prey concentration (F, mg/m3), mean daily water temperature (T, °C) and juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) density (D, fish/100 m2) on summer daily growth rates (%/d) of mobile, anadromous, juvenile Chinook salmon (age‐0+, n = 382) and sub‐yearling (age‐0+, n = 61) and yearling (age‐1+) steelhead trout (O. mykiss, n = 70) rearing in cold (mean daily summer: 12.1°C, range: 4.2°C–16.7°C) mountain tributaries of the Salmon River basin in central Idaho (USA).

AICc model selection indicated that daily juvenile salmonid growth positively correlated with water temperature, prey biomass concentration, local juvenile Chinook density and the interaction between water temperature and food but with species and age‐specific differences. Water temperature was a covariate in all top‐ranked models, with daily growth (%/day) rate increasing (0.05%–0.23%/d) linearly with mean daily summer water temperature. In addition to a direct positive relationship with daily growth rate, there was evidence that prey concentration positively interacted with water temperature to accelerate daily growth (F × T). The positive relationship between juvenile salmonid daily growth rate and juvenile Chinook density is difficult to explain and could result from confounding factors.

The individual success observed in these streams may contribute to population‐level benefits for the focal consumers, as prey‐rich, warm summers may result in larger individuals with higher energy reserves at the end of the summer/autumn growing season, contributing to improved overwinter survival.

Our results, taken in combination with evidence from models, experiments and observational studies, have climate change implications. Current and predicted increases in water temperature will necessitate higher rates of prey consumption by aquatic ectothermic consumers to offset accelerated metabolic demands.

Thus, to improve the resilience of mobile freshwater consumers in a warming climate, we suggest that natural resource managers not only consider physical and chemical habitat conditions but also biotic conditions, including the spatiotemporal quantity and quality of prey resources.
Development of a novel laboratory approach for evaluating the adhesion strength of biofilms to human dentine
Authors: Bulmer Jason , Chew Y. M. John , George Roy
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Biofilms may show varying adherence strengths to dentine. This study quantified the shear force required for the detachment of multispecies biofilm from the dentine using fluid dynamic gauging (FDG) and computation fluid dynamics (CFD). To date this force has not been quantified.

Methods

Multispecies biofilms were grown over 3, 7 and 14 days on 2 mm thick dentine sections of human molars (n = 8 per group). The FDG technique with different suction flow rates (100%, 80% and 40%) was used to assess biofilm removal. At maximum suction (100%), the flow rate was 500 mL/min. Digital images of each stained dentine sample were captured (10× magnification) before and after subjecting the samples to the various suction flow rates. The change in colour saturation versus control (△E) value was determined to assess removal of biofilm using digital softwares (Image J© and Colormine©). The imposed shear forces were then estimated using CFD and correlated with the △E values.

Results

FDG and CFD analysis showed that complete removal of biofilm by using water as the gauging liquid was not possible across any of the experimental groups. Three‐day biofilms required significantly lower shear forces for removal than 7‐day or 14‐day biofilms.

The maximum shear forces were seen in the 14‐day biofilm group at all flow rates tested.

When assessing for residual biofilm on the dentine, the △E value showed residual biofilms of approximately 40% at all time periods at a 100% flowrate. Complete removal of multispecies biofilm was not possible in any experimental group.

Conclusions

This study for the first‐time records forces needed to remove polymicrobial biofilms form the surface of a dentine sample. Within the limits of this study, mature biofilms require greater shear forces for removal. This is important when planning protocols for biofilm removal.
Nursing approaches in home chemotherapy: A systematic review
Authors: Özer Güçlüel Yasemin , Çetin Üçeriz Ayşenur , Yel Pınar
Published: January 2025

Aim

To systematically explore the existing literature by examining nursing approaches to home chemotherapy treatment.

Background

With the rising number of patients with cancer, home chemotherapy has gained prominence. Nurses play a crucial role in this process and bear significant responsibilities.

Introduction

Home chemotherapy is increasingly recognized as a safe and effective alternative, relieving hospitals by managing the rising number of patients with cancer, decreasing workload and costs, and reducing pressure on the healthcare system.

Methods

The study follows the PRISMA 2020 checklist and is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Literature searches were conducted from February 15 to 16, 2024, assisted by an expert librarian, across PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Three researchers assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. EndNote version 20.1 was used to manage references and remove duplicates. Seven studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed in full text and included in the analysis.

Results

The study's distribution includes 4 observational studies, 2 cohort studies, and 1 qualitative study. By country, the distribution is Italy (n = 2), England, Japan, the Netherlands, Korea, and Argentina (n = 1 each). Evaluated using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklists, three studies were of good quality, and four were of medium quality.

Conclusions

Nurses' responsibilities, such as patient education, treatment monitoring, and side effect management, are essential in home care. Therefore, developing evidence‐based protocols to guide these practices is necessary.

Conclusion and implications for nursing and/or health policy

Nurses play a crucial role in enhancing treatment adherence by educating patients and their families about the chemotherapy process and managing side effects to prevent complications. Home care services reduce patients' reliance on hospitals, offering economic and psychological benefits. Further research is needed to emphasize the importance of specialized nursing education in this area.
Superlongevity and African Ethics
Authors: Wareham Christopher S.
Published: January 2025

I apply African moral precepts to the topic of ‘superlongevity’. I make the case that African theories give rise to three specific sorts of moral concern about life extension that are distinct from similar objections in Western literature: first, superlongevity presents a challenge to identity; second, significantly longer lives face increased challenges to their meaningfulness; third, life extension may be socially divisive, undermining key tenets of sharing a way of life and communing harmoniously with others. Although these distinctive concerns are significant, I claim that their strength as objections to superlongevity depends heavily on the distribution of life extension technologies. Moreover, since African theories typically hold that moral excellence correlates with increasing age, they provide a prudential and moral incentive to live longer to develop personhood.
Length of Hospital Stay and Its Predictions Among Patients With Exacerbations of Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Tabaza Haya , Farha Rana Abu , Gharaibeh Lobna , Alwahsh Mohammad , Awwad Oriana
Published: January 2025

Background

Chronic respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may deteriorate into acute exacerbations requiring hospitalization. Assessing the predictors of prolonged hospital stays could help identify potential interventions to reduce the burden on patients and healthcare systems.

Aim

This study aimed to identify the risk factors attributed to prolonged hospital stays among patients admitted with acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory disorders in Jordan.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing the demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with asthma and COPD exacerbations between January 2017 and July 2021. The recorded variables were checked for their independence. Simple and stepwise multivariate linear regressions were then performed to identify variables associated significantly with a longer hospital length of stay (LOS).

Results

A total of 896 cases were evaluated. The mean ± SD stay was 5.66 ± 3.40 days, whereas the median (IQR) was 5.00 (4.00) days. Variables associated significantly with prolonged LOS in the multivariate analysis were female gender (β = 0.089, p = 0.011), pulmonary hypertension (β = 0.093, p = 0.004), allergic rhinitis (β = 0.086, p = 0.007), ICU admission (β = 0.096, p = 0.003), requirement for mechanical ventilation (β = 0.102, p = 0.002), higher total number of medications (β = 0.281, p < 0.001) and the number of exacerbation‐related medications (β = 0.200, p < 0.001). However, smoking (β = −0.091, p = 0.008) was significantly associated with a shorter LOS.

Conclusions

Gender, pulmonary hypertension, allergic rhinitis, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, the number of medications and smoking were significantly related to LOS. These findings emphasize the importance of patients' demographics and their clinical status in determining LOS, hence providing protective interventions to shorten it.
A Cautionary Tale About Not ‘Joining the Dots’ to Infer Anticlockwise P$$ P $$‐T$$ T $$ Paths
Authors: Weller Owen , Benson Joseph , Copley Alex
Published: January 2025

Uncertainty surrounds the cause and interpretation of anticlockwise pressure‐temperature (–) paths in metamorphic terranes. Here, we focus on the viability of a commonly proposed mechanism—magmatic heat transfer during thickening—using a case study of the Roineabhal terrane in Scotland, where such an anticlockwise – path has been proposed. Phase equilibria modelling of new samples, combined with previous – estimates, provides evidence for regional kyanite‐grade granulite‐facies metamorphism, with an additional spatially localised region of ultrahigh temperature conditions adjacent to an anorthosite intrusion. The spatial geometry of the ultrahigh temperature samples, combined with scaling arguments and thermal modelling of these results, shows that the ultrahigh temperature metamorphism is contact in nature and should not be joined to the regional metamorphism to infer an anticlockwise – path. Rather, the regional metamorphism features hairpin – loops, overlain adjacent to the anorthosite by a short‐lived, high‐temperature excursion. Because metamorphic rocks typically yield a fragmentary record during fluctuating thermal conditions, due to requiring hydration to maintain equilibrium during down‐temperature evolution, it is critical to assess in this manner the thermal viability of the range of – paths that could connect the preserved assemblages. In general, intrusion radii of tens of kilometres, or repeated intrusions of smaller bodies in quick succession (e.g., < 10 kyr for a 1‐km radius), would be required for true magmatically driven anticlockwise – paths. Given the unlikely nature of these requirements in most tectonic settings, such anticlockwise – paths are likely to be rarer than reported. For many scenarios, – paths commonly interpreted as anticlockwise – paths are instead likely to take the form described in this study.
Hindlimb muscles of the Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri (Aves, Sphenisciformes) at different postnatal ontogenetic stages
Authors: Sosa M. A. , Acosta Hospitaleche C.
Published: January 2025

The Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri is the largest living species of penguin, found exclusively in Antarctica, and is unique in breeding during the winter. Consequently, fewer anatomical studies have been conducted on this species over time compared to others. This study aims to provide an updated and comprehensive description of the hindlimb musculature of Aptenodytes forsteri. The muscles of the thigh, shank and foot were compared along postnatal development. The results were compared with the muscles of swimming and diving birds and also with ground‐dwelling taxa. By dissecting seven specimens, the origin and insertion were described in newborns, chicks and juveniles. Of the 37 muscles recognized, 19 correspond to the thigh, 14 to the shank, and four to the foot. Notably, the hindlimb muscles appear relatively developed compared to the overall body size in the newborns, showing considerable development in independent chicks, and reached full growth in the juvenile. The m. flexor hallucis brevis, m. extensor hallucis longus and m. lumbricalis were absent in all specimens, whereas the m. femorotibialis lateralis was found in only one specimen. Additionally, a branch of the m. flexor cruris medialis, originating in the abdominal area and merging with the pelvic portion before insertion, was observed in the newborn chicks. Aptenodytes forsteri showed similarities with Numida meleagris in the insertion of m. iliofibularis, and m. flexor cruris lateralis p. pelvica. These findings, along with other comparative results, constitute the first comprehensive descriptive study of the hindlimb musculature of Aptenodytes forsteri, including different ontogenetic stages.
An Exploratory Study of PN HPT for Treating Postsurgical Atrophic and Depressed Scars
Authors: Araco Antonino , Araco Francesco , Raichi Mauro
Published: January 2025

Background

Postsurgical atrophic scars tend to respond poorly to treatments, especially non‐energy‐based ones. Hydrophilic PN HPT (Polynucleotides High Purification Technology) injected intradermally is a non‐energy‐based option with an immediate volume‐enhancing effect that indirectly improves the fibroblast synthesis of collagen and extracellular matrix. The PN HPT ingredient has the further benefit of a dermal “priming” effect that enhances the efficacy of other scar treatments.

Objectives

Verify retrospectively, with advanced techniques, the efficacy of PN HPT monotherapy as postsurgical scar treatment.

Methods

Retrospective data collection in 18‐ to 65‐year‐old women with moderate‐to‐severe atrophic scars after mammary surgery undergoing a five‐session intradermal treatment course with 0.75% PN HPT gel formulation in single‐use syringes starting 6 months after surgery. Primary retrospective efficacy parameter: changes in scar morphology and symptom severity after three and 6 months (modified Vancouver Scar Scale, mVSS). Secondary efficacy parameters: roughness score 6 months after baseline (Antera 3D CS tridimensional skin analysis system) and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS, Investigator and Patient subscales) after three and 6 months.

Results

Total mean mVSS highly significantly improved from 11.2 ± 1.92 at baseline to 7.0 ± 1.68 and 6.9 ± 1.55 after three and 6 months, respectively; the mean Antera 3D CS roughness score improved from 13.5 ± 4.14 to 10.0 ± 3.49 after 6 months. After three and 6 months, the GAIS subscores for investigators and cohort subjects were identical (3.0 ± 0.81 and 3.0 ± 0.72, respectively). The photographic documentation supported the previous results.

Conclusions

In monotherapy, the intradermal PN HPT ingredient seems to quickly and safely relieve the burden of postsurgical atrophic scars. However, the lack of a formal parallel control group is a severe limitation. The objective quantitative measurements confirmed the long‐lasting benefits.
Prediction Models for Postoperative Pneumonia in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal
Authors: He Zhiqiang , Zhong Gaoting , Han Wenjin , Han Mengyu , Wu Wenbin , Zhou Xiaoling , Yang Yaru , An Yu , Li Jin
Published: January 2025

Background

Although several models have been developed to predict postoperative pneumonia in elderly hip fracture patients, no systematic review of the model quality and clinical applicability has been reported.

Objective

To systematically review and critically appraise existing models for postoperative pneumonia in elderly hip fracture patients.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

10 databases were systematically searched from inception to April 15, 2024, updated on August 26. Two reviewers independently performed literature selection, information extraction and quality assessment. A narrative synthesis was employed to summarise the characteristics of the models. Meta‐analysis was performed using Stata 17.0.

Results

13 studies containing 25 models were included. The prevalence of pneumonia was 9.62% (95% CI: 7.62%–11.62%). Age (53.8%), hypoproteinemia (46.2%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 30.8%), gender (30.8%), activity of daily living score (ADL, 30.8%) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA, 30.8%) score were the top six predictors. All models reported area under curve (AUC: 0.617–0.996). 9 studies (69.2%) used the Hosmer‐Lemeshow (H‐L) test, calibration curves, or Brier scores to evaluate the calibration. 5 studies (38.5%) performed internal validation, 4 studies (30.8%) performed external validation. All studies had a high risk of bias due to single sample source, inappropriate data processing, inadequate model evaluation, and negligence of calibration and validation. 10 studies (76.9%) had good applicability.

Conclusions

Prediction models for postoperative pneumonia in elderly hip fracture patients are still in the developing stage. The validation and evaluation of existing models are poor. Future studies should focus on robust external validation and updating. Additionally, the Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis + artificial intelligence (TRIPOD+AI) statement should be followed.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Prediction models are effective in discriminating postoperative pneumonia in elderly hip fracture patients, but further external validation and adjustment are still warranted.
Interventions in the Sexuality of Men With Stomas: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rabelo Ariana Luiza , Araújo Isabella Félix Meira , do Amaral Juliana Bezerra , Paranhos Rayssa Fagundes Batista , Sant'ana Ricardo Souza Evangelista , David Rose Ana Rios , Escobar Oscar Javier Vergara , de Sousa Anderson Reis
Published: January 2025

Aims

To map interventions in the sexuality of men with stomas.

Design

Scoping review, following JBI and PRISMA‐ScR guidelines to report results.

Methods

Databases consulted were PubMed, via National Library of Medicine, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Brazilian Electronic Library of Thesis and Dissertations, CAPES Catalogue of Thesis and Dissertations and Open Access Scientific Repository of Portugal. Texts were read by independent reviewers, with no time or language restrictions.

Results

The final sample included 10 studies. Data were synthesised and grouped for its similarity to approach models, preoperative orientations, self‐care promotion, collecting pouch hygiene and safety, sexual health discussion and education, construction of bonds and sexual function evaluation.

Conclusion

Interventions in the sexuality of men with stomas included adherence to models for approaching sexuality, focusing on the permission and coparticipation of the patient, open conversations on the topic, self‐care promotion, collecting pouch hygiene and safety, encouragement to the creation of bonds, sexual function evaluation in pre‐ and postoperative periods and individual and/or collective sexual health education.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

This study contributes to the sexuality of men with stomas. It identified recommendations to approach and conduct the topic at hand, addressing the rehabilitation process since the surgery to place the stoma is considered.

Impact (Addressing)

This study addressed scientific literature on the sexuality of men with stomas. Most were from Europe and results demonstrated a gap in knowledge. This research will impact the stoma therapy research, affecting teams involved in the care to men with stomas, encouraging reflections on the sexuality of these patients.

Reporting Method

This study complies with the PRISMA‐ScR.

Patient or Public Contribution

There was no patient or public contribution.

Protocol Registration

The protocol of this scoping review was registered in the Open Science Framework, registered under DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/X9DSC. It can be accessed through the following link: https://osf.io/x9dsc/?view_only=a9c62ef6c11f44499f7b2bfe1fe379f9.
SeConDA: Self‐Training Consistency Guided Domain Adaptation for Cross‐Domain Remote Sensing Image Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhang Yongjun , Cao Chengdu , Wan Yi , Yao Yongxiang , Fei Liang
Published: January 2025

Well‐trained remote sensing (RS) deep learning models often encounter a considerable decline in performance when applied to images that differ from the training data. This decline can be attributed to variations in imaging sensors, geographic location, imaging time, and radiation levels during image acquisition. Consequently, the widespread application of these models has been greatly impeded. An envisioned resolution to confront this challenge encompasses formulating a cross‐domain RS image semantic segmentation network integrated with self‐training consistency. This approach involves the generation of high‐quality pseudo‐labels for images in the target domain, which are then used to guide the training of the network. To enhance the model's ability to learn the data distributions of both the source and target domains, highly perturbed mixed samples are created by blending images from these domains. Additionally, adversarial training is incorporated to reduce the entropy of the model's predicted results, thereby mitigating the influence of noise present in the pseudo‐labels. As a result, this approach effectively extracts domain‐invariant features and minimizes the disparities between the distributions of the different domains. By employing the ISPRS and LoveDA datasets in a series of experiments conducted across varied scenarios, our empirical investigations evince the capacity of the proposed methodology to generalize the model to target domain data, which is achieved through the mitigation of disparities between domain distributions. It effectively alleviates the domain shift issues caused by differences in imaging locations and band combinations in RS image data and achieves state‐of‐the‐art results and validates its effectiveness.
Where power and scholarship collide: Gender and coauthorship in public administration research
Authors: Smith Amy E. , Riccucci Norma M. , Isett Kimberley R. , DeHart‐Davis Leisha , Sims Rebekah St. Clair
Published: January 2025

Publishing is a source of capital and power in academia, and coauthoring is a common way to publish. However, studies in public administration have not yet examined the structure of coauthorship patterns, how these patterns have evolved over time, or the extent to which these patterns are gendered. We use bibliometric data to examine coauthorship in public administration scholarship over four decades with a particular focus on gendered patterns. Descriptive statistics, regression, and social network analysis suggest that when women are first authors, the research team is more likely to contain other women and while women are increasingly represented in coauthorship structures, men‐only groups of coauthors continue to persist. These findings have implications for the coauthoring practices of individual scholars, perceptions of coauthorship in hiring, tenure, and promotion decisions, and efforts in the field to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Open Data Hackathons and Open Innovation Policies: The Case of OpenTusk
Authors: Del Vecchio Pasquale
Published: January 2025

The paper aims to contribute to the debate on open data and public open innovation policies by focusing on hackathons as initiatives supporting value creation, innovation, and regional development. The paper refers to open data hackathons as a powerful open innovation tool to activate mechanisms of collaboration and collective intelligence within a regional ecosystem populated with data and a plurality of stakeholders. Despite the actuality of the issues and the large consensus around them, their integration in a consolidated theoretical framework is still far from a full achievement and requires additional contributions. Therefore, a theoretical framework has been developed for defining the research gap and addressing the development of an exploratory qualitative study carried out on OpenTusk, an open data hackathon promoted by the Department of Economic Development of the Apulia Region (south Italy) in the frame of a participatory public policy aimed at exploiting the value of regional open data. Findings demonstrate that the hackathon can create positive conditions for the preliminary exploration of the entrepreneurial value of open data by shaping several thematic areas of interest for the regional agenda of smart specialization. Furthermore, the case suggests that the effectiveness of an open data hackathon derives from an articulated strategy consisting of sensitization campaigns and preparation activities useful to stimulate the development of entrepreneurial ideas. Implications for theory and practice have been synthesized in the conclusion in terms of areas for future investigation and practical contexts of applications.
Introduction: Renaissance humanism and the Venetian empire
Authors: Revest Clémence , Špoljarić Luka
Published: January 2025

The articles gathered in this special issue explore the connection between two major historical phenomena of the fifteenth century: the tremendous diffusion of the humanist movement and the triumphal expansion of the Venetian empire in the Eastern Mediterranean and northern Italy. By focusing on the interactions between the political, social and intellectual conjunctures and by adopting a large‐scale perspective at the culturally diverse territories under Venetian rule, the special issue approaches the Venetian state as an interconnected space of scholarly exchange defined by a common but polymorphous political culture. This introduction places the special issue in the context of new approaches in the historiography on Renaissance humanism and the early modern Venetian state. It advances an understanding of Venetian humanism as an imperial phenomenon and highlights the seminal role it played in the establishment of the Venetian political order in the fifteenth century and its influence well into the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Adaptive Multi‐View Neural Network for Network‐Wide and Segment‐Wise Traffic Speed Estimation With Heterogeneous Missing Cases
Authors: Chen Kaiqi , Deng Min , Lei Kaiyuan , Liu Qinghao , Shi Yan
Published: January 2025

Due to the limitations of sensor technology, fine‐grained traffic datasets are often incomplete. Although several multi‐view learning studies have demonstrated satisfactory performance in traffic estimation, three challenges need addressing: first, existing methods fail to capture the dynamic segment‐wise correlations inherent to traffic flow; second, prior studies assume that the traffic patterns are shared across network‐wide regions, overlooking the spatial heterogeneity; third, model performance evaluation fails to reflect heterogeneous missing cases, leading to biased results. Therefore, we propose an adaptive multi‐view learning framework called AMV‐Traffic for traffic estimation. The model first generates traffic features from multiple view spaces considering both observable prior and latent information. Subsequently, an adaptive graph learning module (CL‐Module) is utilized to capture dynamic traffic correlations based on the attention mechanism, and an adaptive parameter learning module (ML‐Module) is utilized to generate segment‐specific model parameters based on the meta‐learning strategy. In experiments, a data sampling mechanism based on tree model is implemented on two real‐world datasets to adaptively generate heterogeneous missing data cases. Extensive experiment results show that incorporating dynamic correlations and spatial heterogeneity enables our AMV‐Traffic to outperform other state‐of‐the‐art methods.
The Effects of Musical Factors on the Perception of Auditory Illusions
Authors: Choi Ahyeon , Bang Younyoung , Park Jeong Mi , Lee Kyogu
Published: January 2025

This study delves into how various musical factors influence the experience of auditory illusions, building on Diana Deutsch's scale illusion experiments and subsequent studies. Exploring the interaction between scale mode and timbre, this study assesses their influence on auditory misperceptions, while also considering the impact of an individual's musical training and ability to discern absolute pitch. Participants were divided into nonmusicians, musicians with absolute pitch, and musicians with relative pitch, and were exposed to stimuli modified across three scale modes (tonal, dissonant, atonal) and two timbres (same, different). The findings suggest that scale illusions occur less frequently with different timbres and vary with scale mode. Crucially, the absolute pitch ability appears to have a more significant impact on the perception of illusions than the duration of musical training. This research contributes to understanding the complex interplay between various factors in auditory perception and the mechanisms behind the experience of auditory illusions.
Dexamethasone–Antibiotic Interactions in Canine Ocular Bacteria: In Vitro Susceptibility Changes in Common Corneal Infection Pathogens
Authors: Kim Donghee , Park Jiwoo , Jung Ji Seung , Hwang Jiyi , Kwon Hyun , Kwon Myeongjee , Yong Jungyeon , Yoon Haerin , Park Kyung‐Mee
Published: January 2025

Objective

To investigate the impact of dexamethasone on the antibiotic susceptibility of common ocular pathogens in dogs and identify safe antibiotic‐steroid combinations for veterinary ophthalmology.

Methods

This study utilized 30 bacterial isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Streptococcus canis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, collected from canine patients with suspected bacterial keratitis. The isolates were tested against 17 antibiotics in the presence of dexamethasone concentrations ranging from 0 to 2 mg/mL. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using standardized broth microdilution techniques, and changes in susceptibility were analyzed statistically.

Results

Dexamethasone administration resulted in a significant increase in resistance for ciprofloxacin, ticarcillin, tobramycin, and ceftiofur in S. pseudintermedius; ticarcillin in S. canis; and ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin in P. aeruginosa. Despite these increases, amikacin and cefazolin showed minimal impact on resistance when combined with dexamethasone, indicating their potential for safe use in combination therapies.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the potential for dexamethasone to alter antibiotic susceptibility in canine ocular pathogens. While dexamethasone can increase resistance in certain antibiotics, amikacin and cefazolin appear to be safer options for combination therapy.
Dual test gas pulmonary diffusing capacity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis 40 years after diagnosis
Authors: Thomsen Rie S. , Mohammad Milan , Ragborg Lærke C. , Dragsted Casper , Ohrt‐Nissen Søren , Gehrchen Martin , Dahl Benny , Berg Ronan M. G. , Mortensen Jann
Published: January 2025

There is limited knowledge on diffusing capacity in scoliosis patients. It remains to be determined if impaired pulmonary diffusing capacity is mostly influenced by reduced alveolar–capillary membrane diffusing capacity (DM, CO), reduced pulmonary capillary blood volume (VC) or both. This study aims to report findings from dual test gas pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide (DL, CO, NO) with quantification of pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide corrected for haemoglobin with a five s breath‐hold (DL, COc, 5s) and nitric oxide with a five s breath‐hold (DL, NO, 5s), DM, CO and VC. The study included 57 patients with idiopathic scoliosis seen at our department from 1972 to 1983, all of whom underwent radiological assessment and measurement of DL, CO, NO during examination 40 years after diagnosis. One‐way ANOVA was performed for between‐group differences and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess correlations between DL, CO, NO metrics and Cobb angle. No significant between‐group differences based on disease severity were detected. Thirty‐nine percent of the patients were presented with either reduced DL, COc, 5s or reduced DL, NO, 5s represented as Z‐scores below −1.65. No significant correlations between Cobb angle and Z‐scores for DL, COc, 5s, DL, NO, 5s, DM, CO and VC according to height measurements were found. When using arm span instead, a weak negative correlation between DL, COc, 5s and Cobb angle (r = −0.29; P = 0.04) was detected. In conclusion, approximately 39% of patients with idiopathic scoliosis had either reduced DL, COc, 5s or reduced DL, NO, 5s 40 years after diagnosis with varying contributions from VC or DM, CO.
Tracking bottom-fishing activities in protected vulnerable marine ecosystem areas and below 800-m depth in European Union waters
Authors: Victorero Lissette , Moffitt Russell , Mallet Natasha , Le Manach Frédéric
Published: January 2025

Numerous studies have highlighted bottom-contact fishing gears as the primary threat to vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs). In November 2022, the European Commission closed 87 VME protection polygons to bottom fishing in European waters. Using public automatic identification system (AIS) data, we found an 81% decrease in bottom-contact fishing effort within these areas in the year following the closures. However, approximately 3500 hours of bottom-contact fishing persisted within the closures. We also quantified up to 17,600 hours of bottom-contact fishing in unprotected areas where VMEs are known or likely to occur. Last, our analysis revealed ongoing bottom trawling below 800 meters in European waters totaling 19,200 hours over 2 years. These findings underscore the urgent need for states to enhance surveillance and monitoring of their fleets to ensure effective fisheries management.