bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY OF SUPPORT AREA IN MASONRY VAULTS
Authors:   OOO « PI Georekonstrukcia», ORLOVICH R.B. , ZIMIN S.S. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnical University, HALALIUK A.V. ,   Branch office of the RUE «Institute BelNIIS» - Scientific-Technical Center
Published: November 2022

The article substantiates that in cylindrical vaults with stripping and cross vaults of historical buildings, the most stressed areas are the areas where the vaults rest on the supporting structures (walls and pillars) and the zones of interface between strippings and vaults. In particular, in cross vaults, the most loaded are the diagonal ribs, in which the compressive forces act at an angle of 45° (it is in this direction that the masonry has the least resistance to compression), and the flow of compressive forces within the diagonals of the vault accumulates, reaching maximum values in its supporting heels. From which it is concluded that it is the supporting consoles that most often determine the bearing capacity of the cross vault as a whole. The article gives approximate calculated dependences for assessing the bearing capacity of the supporting consoles of the cross vaults and concludes that the most accurate picture of the stress state of the supporting consoles can be established by numerical modeling, and to assess the bearing capacity, it is necessary to use particular strength criteria.
Evaluation of Various Leguminous Seeds as Protein Sources for Milkfish, Chanos chanos Forsskal, Juveniles
Authors: DE LA PENA LEOBERT D.
Published: November 2022

The nutritive value of four leguminous plant seeds: pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). mungo (Phaseolus radiatus), kidneybean (Phasoolus vulgaris) and soybean (Glycine max), were evaluated as protein sources for milkfish (Chanos chanos) juveniles in isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 40% protein. The legumes were heat treated and added at different levels so that their protein contributed 25% of total dietary protein; Peruvian fishmeal supplied the remaining portion. A diet with all protein contributed by fishmeal was used as a control. Substitution of 25% of the total 40% animal protein in the control diet by mungo and soybean meal did not adversely affect (P > 0.05) fish growth and the efficiency of feed conversion. Diets with 25% of protein contributed by pigeonpea and kidneybean meal resulted in significantly depressed (P < 0.05) growth and efficiency of feed conversion. Milkfish survival rate was more than 97'1i throughout the six-week experimental period. We conclude that mungo replace and soybean meal, contributing at least 25% of dietary protein, can be used to fishmeal to reduce the cost of feed without adverse effect on the growth, survival and efficiency of feed conversion of juvenile milkfish.
METHOD OF REPAIR OF THE LEAD SCREW NUT
Authors: Sahnov A. , Fomenko Yu.
Published: November 2022

A vise is a device designed for fixing workpieces during machine or manual processing. Vises are widely used in the processing of materials made of metal, wood, plastic and other materials in single or small-scale production. The main parts of the vise are two sponges, one of which has the ability to move relative to the other. The possibility of movement is provided by the lead screw, which rotates in the nut of the lead screw, rigidly fixed in a fixed sponge with a pin. The most common reason for the failure of the vise is the turning of the screw in the nut, which eliminates the possibility of fixing the workpieces. In this case, the thread of the vise nut most often becomes unusable, while the screw practically does not wear out. This is explained by the fact that the screw and nut are made of different materials, and the screw is made more wear-resistant. To restore the nut, cut out of it, for example, with the help of an angle grinder, its threaded part, in the direction A-A. The thickness of the cutting wheel of the angle grinder should not be less than the thread pitch. The cut parts of the nut after connecting them on the screw must be "picked up" by welding. After "tacking" the cut parts of the nut by welding, it is necessary to unscrew the screw and weld the mated elements well. When welding, make sure that the welding bath does not damage the thread. The proposed method of repairing the vise will restore their working condition, while it will be possible to save on the purchase of a new expensive nut.
THE SPECIFICS OF URBAN PLANNING OF LARGE URBANIZED TERRITORIES IN THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES. PART III: SUBORDINATION OF “NEW LOCALISM” TO DIRECTIVE URBAN PLANNING IN DENMARK
Authors: Monastyrskaya M. , Peslyak O.
Published: November 2022

The article substantiates the relevance and expediency of studying the urban planning system of large urbanized territories of the Kingdom of Denmark. The European and world communities have long recognized its high efficiency. Today, Denmark has a three-level planning system covering the national, regional (sub-regional) and municipal levels of habitat development. At each level macro-regional and national features of the spatial organization of life processes are clearly manifested: paradigmatic, institutional, technological, typological and organizational-managerial. It is established that over the last century, the paradigm of flexible urban planning of typologically differentiated systemic forms of urbanization has been consistently implemented in the Kingdom of Denmark. It is proved that today, within the substantial framework of this paradigm, due to the coevolutionary reform of the elements of the administrative-territorial structure of the Scandinavian state, a consistent replacement of the trend of “planning regionalism” that prevailed at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries in the Danish urban formation with the trend of “new localism” took place. It is indicated that the identified paradigm transformation involves the transfer of authority in the field of planning, forecasting, design and regulation of urbanization processes from the national level. Thus, it bypasses the regional level, to the level of municipalities, implements, based on the principle of subordination to the trend of “new localism”, the trend of directive planning in relation to large urbanized territories. The results of the study can serve as information, theoretical and methodological support for the rationalization of the urban planning system of large forms of urbanized settlement within the boundaries of geostrategic and border territories of the Northwestern Federal District of Russia: the federal city of St. Petersburg and the agglomeration of the same name.
Formation of the structure and properties of geopolymer foam concrete with different methods of preparing a cellular raw mixture
Authors: Kozhuhova N. , Strokova V. , Kolomytseva A. , Manuilova A. , Zhernovskaya I.
Published: November 2022

It is known that the quality of a concrete composite, especially a cellular one, largely depends not only on the properties of the original raw materials but also on many technological factors, which are often decisive. In particular, this is relevant when forming a cellular structure. This article discusses the influence of various methods of preparing a cellular raw mixture in the synthesis of geopolymer foam concrete on the features of the formation of its cellular structure, as well as its physical and mechanical properties. Visual analysis was used to assess the quality of formation of the cellular structure. It has been established that for the preparation of a geopolymer cellular raw mixture, 2 methods were identified as the most effective, in which a 4-stage mixing of components is provided: preparation of foam; preparation of an aqueous alkaline solution; mixing of solid-phase components; preparation of a geopolymer suspension followed by the addition of foam. It was found that when using both methods with a 4-stage mixing of components, samples of geopolymer foam concrete contribute to providing the lowest values for such physical characteristics as average density: 615 and 620 kg/m3; and thermal conductivity coefficient: 0.109 and 0.112 W/m2∙oC. At the same time, the least effective methods of preparing a raw mixture are a one-stage mixing of components, in which an almost destroyed cellular structure is observed and, as a result, unsatisfactory indicators of physical and mechanical properties.
TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES OF CELL RELIEF TO PROVIDE THE PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES OF CYLINDRICAL SURFACES OF TECHNOLOGICAL UNITS
Authors: Bashmur K. , Petrovsky E.
Published: November 2022

The work is aimed to study the cylindrical surfaces of parts with a cellular shape surfaces, which is an elliptical paraboloid with unequal positive parameters. The hypothesis of the study is the high potential of using a cellular relief, associated with a decrease in the running-in wear of technological units, while providing the hydrodynamic bearing capacity of the lubricating layer with the shape of the relief. The objectives of the study are reduced to a parametric analysis of the behavior of the lubricating layer in a gap with a relief cell using the construction of an analytical model based on the theory of hydrodynamic lubrication. In addition, the computer fluid dynamic simulation in the ANSYS Fluent software, where the SST turbulence model is adopted to close the transport equations k–ω. It is found that the maximum hydrodynamic bearing capacity occurs at a cell depth of 0.128 mm and falls on 21/25 of the major axis of the cell ellipse. It is shown by both models, which verified their acceptable accuracy. The maximum lifting hydrodynamic pressure on one cell is also calculated, which amounted to 3 kPa. The results of parametric analysis state a significant potential for using a cellular relief to ensure the operational properties of cylindrical surfaces.
BUSINESS CONSULTING AS A FACTOR OF KNOWLEDGE IMPROVEMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Authors: Mihailović Branko , Radosavljević Katica , Popović Vesna
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates the role of business consulting in the creation and transfer of business knowledge to human resources in companies. Consulting interventions are focused on the effective management of the client's knowledge organization. The goal of launching a knowledge management initiative is to improve the performance of the organization and individuals through the identification, adoption, evaluation and transfer of knowledge. The model of creative management is based on the philosophical assumption that the real world, which surrounds modern organizations, is dynamic, turbulent and changeable and that, as such, it requires organizations and their management to perform complex activities. These activities require Serbian managers not only to solve problems caused by uncertainty, but also to recognize and take advantage of new business opportunities. During business consulting projects, employees can be engaged in a number of learning activities, but it is crucial to transfer new business knowledge to real business activities. In the realization of the research task, desk research of data that is predominantly related to: business consulting, human resources management, measuring changes in skills and knowledge during consulting interventions, creative management, etc. was used. When analyzing this area, it is necessary to focus on motivating employees to generate their knowledge. Namely, employees must be acquainted with certain standards, technical conditions and production norms, etc. It is necessary to create the atmosphere of a learning company, ie. form trained and creative people from employees. It is wrong to view employees only as executors of work orders. An instructive example is Japanese companies, which are characterized by above-average productivity, where the so-called bottom-up initiative in collecting ideas and decision-making, which in further work leads to high motivation of workers. The introduction of changes requires employees in the organization to acquire new knowledge, gather more information, cope with new tasks, improve their skills, and often change their work habits, values ​​and attitudes. This includes changes in people: in management and employees, their abilities, motivation, behavior and efficiency at work. It also includes changes in organizational culture: changes in values, established customs, information relations, influence, management style. The results of the research show that the team work of managers, consultants and employees contributes to the constitution of knowledge-based management, ready for the challenges of modern business. Experience in team work is important for holders of creative management, since it is based on the formation of top management teams. To help with human resources, managers, relying on behavioral science, can use a number of methods that facilitate development and change in individuals, groups, or businesses to manage toward a goal.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL RESULT - TOOL FOR EVALUATION OF THE APPLICATION OF SPECIFIC ACCOUNTING DECISIONS IN THE NON-FINANCIAL SECTOR ENTERPRISE
Authors: Staneva Valentina
Published: November 2022

The current and periodic information created in the accounting allows to apply different types of analyzes, including economic and financial accounting. The management of a company in the non-financial sector should strive to develop its activities by increasing the financial results and attractiveness of its customers, following modern trends, including in their dynamic manifestation. Thus, accounting as a separate system in the enterprise is associated with the system of its management, which is in line with the application of the principles of a systematic approach. The main management function of the management team is to analyze the information from transactions and events that are reflected in the financial statements. To be able to make full use of the available information, it is necessary to select, group and compare it with the specific information contained in the current and periodic reporting. Thus, measures can be proposed to optimize the financial condition of the enterprise, including usage of specific accounting solutions, examined through the tools of financial and accounting analysis.

The aim of this report is to explore opportunities for practical application of specific accounting decisions when compiling financial statements of non-financial sector and to analyze their impact on the financial result of the establishment of selected financial accounting measures, in compliance with the national legislation and international accounting standards.
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR STRATEGIC QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN BUSINESS LOGISTICS
Authors: Chobanov Mario
Published: November 2022

Quality management in business logistics is a contemporary approach to the operation of logistics companies, ie all service, trade and manufacturing business entities. Especially now, when the transformation processes of the companies in the market are open, in a time of global changes and transformation of the existing business models, there is more talk about quality management in business logistics, especially about strategic quality management in business logistics that refers to achievement to all strategic and sustainable standards.

The business aspects of logistics have contributed to the development of a contemporary scientific discipline, ie business logistics and supply chain management. Thus, business logistics as a contemporary scientific discipline is experiencing its peak right now. Namely, new concepts for management are being developed, ie trends in business logistics and supply chains are being designed and implemented, the logistics activity is increasingly supported by related technologies, etc. These innovations in science have led to a whole new framework of science and practice in this field, ie a new approach, which is to deliver pure value. This is not a simple goal at all and that is why business logistics as an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary contemporary scientific discipline relies on related sciences, ie economic, organizational, and even technological sciences. Thus, quality management in business logistics requires perfect knowledge of the field of quality management, ie logistics and quality management as a related area are integrated and create quality management in business logistics.

The aim of this paper is to systematize the modern theoretical knowledge in order to create a sufficiently stable methodological framework that will be appropriate for dealing with modern problems of logistics companies. This goal inspires the author to apply an appropriate scientific research methodology characteristic of the social sciences. The subject of this paper is the applicable methods, techniques and tools for strategic quality management in business logistics. Namely, the paper consists of introductory notes where the author introduces the reader to the issue, while the content of the paper consists of two main theses. The first thesis refers to the conceptual definition of quality in business logistics and tactics for introducing quality in three areas of quality related to business logistics: marketing, functional and social area. The second thesis refers to building an appropriate methodological framework for strategic quality management in business logistics. In the final part of this paper, the author gives the general conclusion and presents the objective recommendations produced by this paper. In this paper, relevant and contemporary domestic and foreign literature is applied, which is necessary to provide scientific support to the topicality of the issue.
ECOLOGICAL MARKETING IN THE FUNCTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Lazović Ivan
Published: November 2022

The modern marketing concept uses all the existing and finds new potentials in order for companies to communicate as successfully as possible and respond to market demands. At the end of the 20th century, humanity's concern for the preservation of the environment influenced the growing demand for environmentally friendly products and services. With the emergence of a new market segment, environmentally conscious consumers, there was a need to develop ecological marketing.

The commitment of a company for ecological business involves the adoption of a new concept of ecological development of effective and efficient marketing mix in order to address local, regional and global environmental issues. Therefore, ecological marketing must incorporate environmental care into its study in a standard marketing mix of variable sizes. Through classical instruments of marketing mix i.e., product, price, distribution and promotion of ecological marketing aims to identify, anticipate, meet the needs of consumers and society in a profitable and sustainable manner.

Sustainable development is a process allowing development to take place without degrading or depleting the resources on which it is based. This is, in general, possible either by managing resources in such a way that they can self-renew to the extent that they are used, or by greater representation and use of resources where the regeneration period is short. With such an approach, resources can serve future, to the same extent, as present generations.

The demand for organic products has influenced the development of organic production, because in addition to the economic and ethical dimension, it also contains an ecological dimension. Marketing of organic products means placing on the market of certified organic food products, in order to meet the needs of consumers, make a profit and preserve the environment. The model of marketing organic products has theoretical and practical significance from the aspect of strict control and certification from production and procurement of inputs, organic production, purchase and sale, processing, commercialization of products and distribution channels to consumers or customers.

The paper starts with the assumption that the ecological marketing is in the function of sustainable development. Each ecological product occupies a special position, i.e., a place in the minds of consumers in relation to competitors, which is the result of their ranking based on attributes or dimensions important to consumers. The methods used in this paper are based on secondary or existing sources of information (books, monographs, research projects and studies, articles, papers, web information and other available bibliographic sources). The aim of the research is to see what ecological marketing is, and then what combination of marketing instruments is necessary in the function of sustainable development. The subject of research is ecological marketing in the function of sustainable development.
IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCES TRAININGS AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN TRAVEL AGENCIES
Authors: Beqiri Theranda , Trakaniqi Fjolla
Published: November 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of training and development on service sector. In the methodology of this paper we used the quantitative and qualitative method conducted with respondents in travel agencies.  The questionnaire was structured with types of training and training needs for service sector employees, the research refers the level of trainings that are conducted in the travel agencies. Introduction of the information technology and different application programmes has increased the need of trainings of travel agency workers. The simple random technique is used to collect data from targeted travel agencies. The T test and correlation matrix is used to see the impact of training to employee’s performance.  As a strategic activity, the training is related to the mission of the travel agency and its long-term objectives and is a major contributor to the development of skilled, flexible and dedicated employees while providing training in combination with other human resource management functions.  In businesses that are in service sector that have experience in their field professional consultants - people who have the necessary skills and knowledge to implement the training, are responsible for staff training. However, in terms of transferring practical knowledge, managers are much more efficient. Their practical experience and skills, knowledge of their company, network of business contacts, and personal knowledge of the human resources of their organization make them qualified than the professional trainers, responsible for human resources.Training can be developed on the job and of the job depending on the organisation needs and employees skills, while communication skills are usually needed in travel agencies this is one together with use of software packages are  the most important trainings that were identified in our research.
INTANGIBLE ECONOMY
Authors: Runcev Nikolce , Makrevska Trajanka
Published: November 2022

The process of committing time, resources and money in order to produce useful things in the future is, from an economic point of view a defining part of what business, governments and   individuals do. Over the last few decades, the nature of investment has been changing to large extent.

The type of investment that has risen dramatically is intangible: investment in ideas, in knowledge, in aesthetic content, in software, in brands, in networks and relationship.

The paper describes this change and why has happened.

Any investments, tangible or intangible, is a step into the unknown. No businesses know for sure what the return will be. First of all, owing to its invisibility, intangible investments tend to be worth less if they fail. It’s harder to recover their value by simply selling them.

The upside of an intangible investment is potentially much higher, since it is more likely to benefit from scale (so a modest investment can reap a big return) or synergies (increasing its value directly). So when things go wrong, intangibles tend to be worth less, and when   they go well, they tend to be worth much more.

The tendency of intangible investments to generate spillovers makes radically harder to estimate the future returns to the company. And the absence of markets for many intangibles (which contributes to their sunkenness) makes it harder to form a realistic estimate of their value.

Intangibles also tend to be contested. People and businesses will often vie to see who control them, own them, or benefit from them. This is partly a function of spillovers.

Intangibles have four unusual economic properties. These properties can exist with tangible investments, but on the whole intangible assets exhibit them   to a greater degree.

The numerous reasons for the  growth of intangible investment, including the changing balance of services and manufacturing in the economy, globalization, the increased liberalization of markets, development in IT and management technologies, and the changing input costs of services(which play a greater role in intangible investment).

This paper looks at the role of intangibles in secular stagnation, the puzzling fall in investment and productivity growth seen in major economy in recent years. We argue the increasing importance of intangible investment may have an important role to play in this troubling phenomenon.
IMPACT OF THE ECONOMIC FACTOR ON THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM
Authors: Valkov Vladimir
Published: November 2022

The economic factor and its strong influence is determined mainly by the funds received from social security contributions in the social security system, by the number of persons employed, by the pension costs and the amount of the maximum social security income, as well as by the average monthly salary. Funds allocated to pensions are a major economic factor that has a major impact on the social security system. The more money is spent on pensions, the greater the negative financial effect on the social security system. The unfavorable demographic trends and the aging of the population in Bulgaria have led to higher pension expenditures. The purpose of the report is to show the great importance of the economic factor as an essential element of the social security system. The funds allocated for pensions in the social security system are essential. As the population ages, pension costs increase, so does the burden on the social security system. The current social security system is based on three pillars - mandatory pension insurance, mandatory supplementary and supplementary voluntary pension insurance. Compulsory pension insurance is in fact a continuation of the previously operating pension system, based on the pay-as-you-go system, with modifications to somehow link people's contributions to the pensions received. The insured pay social security contributions, which are distributed and paid in the form of a pension to the disabled. Compulsory supplementary pension insurance is the second pillar of the system and is based on the so-called funds or capital principle. The contributions of the insured persons are transferred to pension funds, which invest the resources in investment instruments. As it has already become clear, the three-pillar model in Bulgaria is a mix of the cost-covering and capital models. The problems in these models quite naturally have an impact on the chosen three-pillar model in Bulgaria. The main idea behind the cost-covering model is that working young people contribute to the pension system and these contributions are used to pay the pensions of the currently disabled. The model can be considered as a kind of social transfer of resources between generations. Young people work and pay a "social tax", and the disabled receive an income (pension) that provides them with consumption. The results show that more and more funds are needed for the social security system, which are obtained through grants from the national budget.
CONSTRUCTION WORKERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA - BETWEEN JUSTICE AND LAW
Authors: M. Damnjanović Aleksandar
Published: November 2022

After the great crisis, the wave of investments started in the previous few years in the construction sectorhas continued this year as well, and the Republic of Serbia is still waiting for the period in which the construction ofcapital infrastructure and ancillary facilities will be dominant. Whether the recovery of the construction industry alsomeant the improvement of the position of workers in it, or whether the problems they pointed out remained duringthe crisis, is the main topic of this paper and the previously conducted research on the basis of which conclusionswere drawn. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of respecting the rights of workers in theconstruction industry, because it is one of the foundations for the functioning of the modern construction sector towhich we aspire and such a society as a whole. Changing the attitude towards construction workers and respectingtheir right to dignified, safe and healthy work is the first step towards solving the growing problem of their goingabroad and creating stable conditions for further growth and development of this activity.The paper is the result of research on the project "Improving the capacity of trade unions for the protection of laborrights and labor relations of construction workers in Serbia" (contract number: 2020-3/3), funded by SOLIDARSuisse/Swiss Labor Assistance SLA/-Office in Belgrade, and realized by the Center for Applied Research andStrategic Planning in Southeast Europe.
LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION OF DAMAGE FOR ACTS OF CORRUPTION
Authors: Emini Menderez
Published: November 2022

Corruption is the most dangerous social disease or the biggest social problem that civilization is facing in historical continuity. It is one of the most serious and widespread forms of crime in modern societies, regardless of whether the country is rich or poor, developed or underdeveloped or what kind of system it has. Hence, to speak of corruption as a phenomenon is a significant opportunity to get into the essence of this negative and widespread phenomenon, which penetrates deep into the pores of society and causes great harmful consequences to the overall social, economic, moral and other types of system. It can be said that corruption is the generator of the most serious threats today: wars, terrorism, organized crime and more. Given the seriousness of the problem of corruption, it is necessary to establish an interdisciplinary approach in the fight against it. The complexity of corruption itself necessarily requires its consideration from every aspect and the involvement of all means and instruments in the fight against it. Namely, although it is often thought that the notion of corruption should include only the criminal legal notion, criminalizing active and passive bribery and abuse of office by officials for the purpose of realizing some personal benefit for themselves or for someone else. Such a narrow approach does not coincide with the effective fight against corruption, because it is not only a violation of criminal law norms, but also of the administrative, social, moral and economic norms of a society. For these reasons, it is necessary to define corruption from a broader aspect, i.e., from a political-social aspect as a social evil that causes consequences in every sphere of society. Hence, this paper will try to answer some questions related to the legal institute - compensation for acts of corruption, as it can be an important tool in the fight against corruption in public administration. Namely, apart from the state itself and its organs, the citizens themselves who are victims of corruption can become an important tool in detecting and combating it. That is why it is necessary to raise public awareness about the possibility of compensating for the damage suffered by the corrupt acts of public servants. Well-informed citizens, who are aware of their rights and are ready to defend them, are a strong support of the system of social integrity. On the other hand, an apathetic public that does not know its rights and accepts abuse by the administration, creates a basis for the spread of corruption. The research should also show whether this institute can and is applied in our country, as well as to show the reasons for the current situation in terms of its practical application and implementation. Among other things, he will offer a series of measures and activities that need to be taken with the ultimate goal, improving the current situation and increasing the use of this tool in the fight against corruption.
PROTECTION OF BROADCASTER’S RIGHTS WITHIN INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LEGAL FRAME: SYNTHETIC APPROACH
Authors: Burova Slavica
Published: November 2022

The right to intellectual property, which regulates the legal relations of creators and titulars, their personal and property rights in relation to their works, the relations of titulars and users and the relations of titulars and those who abuse their rights, has open perspectives for theoretical elaboration, with the need for daily improvement of national and international protection regulations, as well as the mechanisms for their practical implementation.

The enormous impact of copyright and related rights, as a relatively new branch of law, as well as the rapid technological development leading to new techniques, such as broadcasting, which is the transmission of audio and video content to the public via radio, television, or other , often digital media, gave rise to the legal recognition of the rights not only of the authors and performers whose works are broadcast, but also the rights of the broadcasting organizations themselves (radio and television organizations) in relation to the use of their shows.

Within this paper, we will strive to apply broadcasting, as part of the related rights of copyright, the importance and impact of the rights of radio and television organizations, their subject of protection, as well as legal protection, and also regulation of the rights of radio and television organizations under international law and the European Union.Furthermore, the set level of protection of the rights of broadcasters at the international level is taken into account. All this is covered in a broad framework of legislation, ie TRIPS Agreement, Rome Convention and Brussels Satellite Convention. Additionally, the level of protection of broadcasters' rights is described in European context. These are guidelines set in the domain of the Council of Europe, European Union and European Directives.

The main goal of the paper is to draw essential conclusions and recommendations that will be the basis for being efficient through the application of qualitative analysis, more precisely, expressed through the application of content analysis method, comparison method and synthesis method, generalization and specification. Additionally, more it will produce more effective Macedonian legislation in the domain of the expressed issues, through a strategic approach of analysis and implementation.

In the context of the above, the main conclusion and recommendations arising from the paper refer to the fact that the exclusive rights are not absolute but limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law, including fair use. A major limitation on copyright is that copyright protects only the original expression of ideas, and not the underlying ideas themselves.

It is also important to emphasize that every society needs to find its own explicit way of setting the legal framework in this issue, primarily as a result of existing opportunities and capacities, in terms of resources and technological benefits, which significantly affect of the process of effective implementation.
Systematic Literature Review of Tour Guide Performance
Authors: Suryana Marceilla
Published: November 2022

The performance of tour guides has come to the attention of many researchers, as part of the disclosure of the phenomenon of prestigious professions in the tourism industry. As an important part of the tourism cycle, the profession of a tour guide has a major influence on tourist behavior and the development of tourist destinations. Using the Systematic Literature Review approach, this article reviews previous research that has been published in reputable journals with various backgrounds of locations and phenomena. This literature review study has provided an overview of the factors supporting the performance of tour guides, namely in the aspects of soft-skills and hard-skills, in the form of communication, managerial skills and leadership. It also explained the impact of the performance of tour guides that have been found to be related to tourist satisfaction, tourist experience, behavior in the destination and the desire to revisit.
Respon Petani Terhadap Penyuluhan Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) Kelompok Tani Pusaka I, Desa Babakan Kabupaten Purwakarta
Authors: Mariyani Siti , Sulandjari Kuswarini , Raihani Puji
Published: November 2022

Kelompok Tani Pusaka 1 Desa Babakan Kabupaten Purwakarta merupakan salah satu kelompok tani penerima bantuan P2L sejak tahun 2020 tetapi masih terdapat beberapa kendala dalam pelaksanaan program P2L antara lain terkait pengetahuan anggota dalam kegiatan budidaya di pekarangan rumah. Upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan petani adalah dengan penyuluhan oleh BPP Wanayasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui respon petani program Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) terhadap kegiatan penyuluhan yang dilakukan oleh BPP Wanayasa dengan menilai pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan anggota kelompok tani. Metode penelitian adalah survey dengan menggunakan data kuantitatif didukung data kualitatif. Responden dipilih secara simple random sampling sebanyak 15 petani. Objek penelitian dipilih secara purposive yaitu kelompok tani Pusaka 1 Desa Babakan karena mendapat bantuan P2L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan petani setelah dilakukan penyuluhan berupa pembuatan pupuk kompos mengalami peningkatan menjadi 73,3%, cara pengendalian hama menjadi 100%, mengetahui tanaman yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi menjadi  93,3% dan pengelolaan tanah yang baik menjadi 86,7%. Sikap petani terhadap kegiatan penyuluhan memberikan respon sangat baik yaitu 80%. Keterampilan petani dalam aspek pemasaran hasil panen dan nilai tambah hasil panen tidak terlalu banyak perubahan sebelum dan setelah diadakan penyuluhan sehingga disimpulkan bahwa petani memberikan respon yang sangat baik terhadap penyuluhan dan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan. Akan tetapi penyuluhan belum sepenuhnya merubah keterampilan anggota kelopok tani Pusaka 1 program Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L).
 
Kata kunci: kelompok tani, pangan, pekarangan, penyuluhan, respon.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Ekspor Komoditas Perikanan: Pendekatan Gravity Model
Authors: Wicaksana Indrajit , Wijaya I Putu Eka , Suhaeni Suhaeni , Syahputra Ali fahmi
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kuantitas ekspor komoditas perikanan Indonesia, ke delapan negara APEC pada periode 2002-2021. Delapan negara tersebut yaitu China, Hongkong, Jepang, USA, Singapura, Malaysia, Thailand, dan Philipina. Model perdagangan pada penelitian ini dibentuk berdasarkan variabel-variabel bebas yaitu GDP per kapita negara Indonesia, GDP per kapita negara tujuan ekspor komoditas perikanan, jarak ekonomi masing-masing negara, harga ekspor, dan inflasi Indonesia. Sementara variabel terikat yang digunakan yaitu jumlah ekspor komoditas perikanan Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan metode analisis gravity model. Pada model tersebut terdapat empat variabel yang signifikan memengaruhi jumlah ekspor komoditas perikanan Indonesia yaitu variabel GDP negara tujuan ekspor (X1), GDP negara pengekspor/Indonesia (X2), jarak ekonomi antar dua negara (X3) dan harga ekspor (X4). Sedangkan variabel inflasi negara pengekspor/Indonesia (X5) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah ekspor komoditas perikanan Indonesia. Variabel terikat dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel bebas yang digunakan dalam model sebesar 91%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 9% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain diluar variabel penelitian.
Analisis Finansial Usaha Pembenihan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis Niloticus) di Balai Benih Ikan Pendem Jawa Timur
Authors: Syahputra Ali Fahmi , Wicaksana Indrajit
Published: November 2022

Nila merupakan ikan yang sangat mudah dibudidayakan, tahan terhadap penyakit, sesuai dengan iklim tropis, dan memiliki nilai ekonomi yang cukup tinggi. Ikan nila merupakan ikan air tawar yang banyak dikonsumsi, terutama di negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek finansiil yaitu kelayakan operasional usaha pembenihan ikan nila. Pengambilan data dilakukan di Balai Benih Ikan Pendem dan Dinas Pertanian kota Batu. Metode penelitian dengan analisis kuantitatif meliputi besarnya modal, biaya total, penerimaan total, pendapatan, break even point (BEP), keuntungan, rentabilitas usaha dan revenue cost ratio (R/C ratio). Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai biaya total Rp 1.646.500, penerimaan total Rp. 6.000.000, pendapatan Rp. 4.353.500, BEP Rp. 903.395,78, keuntungan Rp. 4.353.500, rentabilitas usaha 264.40% dan R/C ratio 3.64 artinya usaha pembenihan ikan nila ini menguntungkan dan layak untuk dijalankan.
Kata kunci: Break Even Point, Keuntungan, Pendapatan, R/C Ratio
History of development and applied aspects of the issues of the optimal synthesis of pipeline systems
Authors: Шлафман В.В.
Published: November 2022

Рассмотрены вопросы развития и прикладные аспекты проблематики оптимального синтеза трубопроводных систем, их роль и место в современной практике проектирования и эксплуатации сетевых объектов. Дан анализ общности непрерывных и дискретных постановок к решению задачи оптимизации параметров и схем трубопроводных систем. Рассмотрены основные аспекты построения критерия оптимизации в задаче технико-экономического расчета, математическая и содержательная природа основных критериев оценки эффективности капиталовложений – приведенных и дисконтированных затрат. Проведен анализ способов приведения сопоставляемых вариантов технического решения к тождественному материальному результату. Представлены результаты применения предложенного критерия сравнительной экономической эффективности капиталовложений для решения задачи оптимизации схемы и параметров группового водопровода. Предложены принципиальные подходы применения минимизационных постановок задачи оптимального синтеза к решению задачи рационального удорожания технических решений.

The issues of development and applied aspects of the problematics of the optimal synthesis of pipeline systems, their role and place in the advanced practice of designing and operating network facilities are considered. An analysis of the generality of continuous and discrete formulations for addressing the problem of optimizing the parameters and schemes of pipeline systems is given. The main aspects of constructing an optimization criterion for technical and economic calculations; the mathematical and meaningful origin of the main criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of capital investments, i. e., reduced and discounted costs are considered. The analysis of methods of delivering the compared options of the technical solution to the identical material result is carried out. The results of applying the proposed criterion for the comparative economic efficiency of capital investments for solving the problem of optimizing the scheme and parameters of a group water main are presented. Principal approaches to the application of minimization formulations of the optimal synthesis problem to the solution of the problem of rational rise in the cost of technical solutions are proposed.
Removing ammonium ions from wastewater from bio toilets of railway coaches by blowing off
Authors: Кондрашев В.А. , Метелица С.Г.
Published: November 2022

Приведены результаты исследований способов очистки сточных вод от экологически чистых туалетных комплексов пассажирских вагонов поездов РЖД. Стоки содержат загрязнения, характерные для хозяйственно-бытовых сточных вод, но в высококонцентрированном виде. Подробно рассмотрен метод очистки сточных вод от ионов аммония отдувкой воздухом. Проведен краткий анализ литературных источников. Дано описание экспериментальной установки для проведения исследований по отдувке воздухом хозяйственно-бытовых и близких к ним по составу сточных вод от аммония.

The results of studying the methods of wastewater treatment from environmentally friendly toilet complexes of Russian Railway coaches are presented. The wastewater contains pollutants typical of domestic wastewater, however, highly concentrated. Considered in detail is the method of removing ammonium ions from wastewater by blowing off. A brief analysis of literary sources is carried out. A description is given of an experimental setup for conducting research of removing ammonium from domestic wastewater and wastewater close in composition.
Time variation of radon in tap water in locations of a Greek area with geological background for elevated radon-in-water concentrations and correlation study between radon, gross alpha, uranium, and radium concentrations
Authors: Omirou Michalakis , Leontaris Fokion , Xarchoulakos Dimitrios. C. , Kehagia Konstantina , Clouvas Alexandros , Potiriadis Constantinos
Published: November 2022

Background: Radon (222Rn), a naturally occurring radioactive gas, dissolves in water, and it can be found in elevated concentrations in public water supplies when water originates from ground sources in areas rich in uranium. An area of great interest for measuring radon-in-water is the Migdonia basin in Northern Greece due to its geological background and because all of its villages are supplied with water from boreholes.

Objectives: The main aim of this paper was to study the time variation of radon in tap water activity concentration in nine villages of the Migdonia basin supplied with water from boreholes and to determine factors that may affect it. Radon in water correlation between the source (borehole) and the consumption point (tap) was studied for some villages. Also, the correlation among radon, gross alpha, beta, uranium (238U), and radium (226Ra) activity concentration in water was studied.

Design and methods: Water samples were collected and measured for their radon activity concentration from 66 villages in the Migdonia basin in order to find places with relatively high radon concentrations. The time variation of radon-in-water was studied for villages that showed relatively high radon concentrations for 3–4 years (2018–2022). All samples were measured for their 222Rn activity concentration using gamma-ray spectrometry. Water samples were also analyzed for their gross alpha, beta, and uranium isotopes activity concentration.

Results and conclusions: Average radon in tap water activity concentrations measured in the area ranged from background concentrations to 185 Bq L-1. The corresponding annual effective doses from waterborne radon inhalation using both UNSCEAR and ICRP dose conversion factors ranged from 0.01 to 0.466 mSv y-1 and from 0.02 to 0.868 mSv y-1, respectively, while radon ingestion annual effective doses varied from 0.007 to 0.324 mSv y-1. Time variation of radon activity concentration in tap water for villages supplied from one borehole or a constant number of boreholes showed relatively low standard deviations (<24%) at a coverage factor of k = 1. Those deviations are probably caused by the time variation of boreholes’ radon concentration and water demand changes. A significant decline in radon concentration from the source (borehole) to the consumption point (tap water) was observed. Therefore, sampling should be performed at the consumption point. However, knowing the supplying borehole concentration is useful as it determines the potential for radon in drinking water. No apparent correlation was found among radon, gross alpha, beta, uranium, and radium concentrations in water. However, in some cases, remedial actions (withdrawal of boreholes) for uranium concentration also decreased radon concentration.