bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of TRPV-1 by prostaglandin-E2 and bradykinin changes cough sensitivity and autonomic regulation of cardiac rhythm in healthy subjects
Authors: Liviero Filippo , Scarpa Maria Cristina , De Stefani Diego , Folino Franco , Campisi Manuela , Mason Paola , Iliceto Sabino , Pavanello Sofia , Maestrelli Piero
Published: September 2020

A neurogenic pathway, involving airway TRPV-1, has been implicated in acute cardiovascular events occurring after peaks of air pollution. We tested whether inhaled prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) and bradykinin (BK) regulate TRPV-1 activity in vivo by changing cough response to capsaicin (CPS) and affecting heart rate variability (HRV), while also taking into account the influence of TRPV-1 polymorphisms (SNPs). Moreover, we assessed the molecular mechanism of TRPV-1 modulation in vitro. Seventeen healthy volunteers inhaled 100 μg PGE2, 200 μg BK or diluent in a randomized double-blind fashion. Subsequently, the response to CPS was assessed by cough challenge and the sympathetic activity by HRV, expressed by low (nLF) and high (nHF) normalized frequency components, as well as nLF/nHF ratio. Intracellular [Ca2+] was measured in HeLa cells, transfected with wild-type TRPV-1, pre-treated with increasing doses of PGE2, BK or diesel exhaust particulate (DEP), after CPS stimulation. Six functional TRPV-1 SNPs were characterized in DNA from each subject. Inhalation of PGE2 and BK was associated with significant increases in cough response induced by 30 μM of CPS (cough number after PGE2 = 4.20 ± 0.42; p < 0.001, and after BK = 3.64 ± 0.37; p < 0.01), compared to diluent (2.77 ± 0.29) and in sympathetic activity (nLF/nHF ratio after PGE2 = 6.1; p < 0.01, and after BK = 4.2; p < 0.05), compared to diluent (2.5–3.3). No influence of SNPs was observed on autonomic regulation and cough sensitivity. Unlike PGE2 and BK, DEP directly activated TRPV-1. Inhalation of PGE2 and BK sensitizes TRPV-1 and is associated with autonomic dysregulation of cardiac rhythm in healthy subjects.
New insights and best practices for the successful use of Empirical Mode Decomposition, Iterative Filtering and derived algorithms
Authors: Stallone Angela , Cicone Antonio , Materassi Massimo
Published: September 2020

Algorithms based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Iterative Filtering (IF) are largely implemented for representing a signal as superposition of simpler well-behaved components called Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). Although they are more suitable than traditional methods for the analysis of nonlinear and nonstationary signals, they could be easily misused if their known limitations, together with the assumptions they rely on, are not carefully considered. In this work, we examine the main pitfalls and provide caveats for the proper use of the EMD- and IF-based algorithms. Specifically, we address the problems related to boundary errors, to the presence of spikes or jumps in the signal and to the decomposition of highly-stochastic signals. The consequences of an improper usage of these techniques are discussed and clarified also by analysing real data and performing numerical simulations. Finally, we provide the reader with the best practices to maximize the quality and meaningfulness of the decomposition produced by these techniques. In particular, a technique for the extension of signal to reduce the boundary effects is proposed; a careful handling of spikes and jumps in the signal is suggested; the concept of multi-scale statistical analysis is presented to treat highly stochastic signals.
Temporal and spatial Mycobacterium bovis prevalence patterns as evidenced in the All Wales Badgers Found Dead (AWBFD) survey of infection 2014–2016
Authors: Schroeder Paul , Hopkins Beverley , Jones Jeff , Galloway Terry , Pike Ryan , Rolfe Simon , Hewinson Glyn
Published: September 2020

In order to better understand the spatial spread of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Wales, an All Wales Badgers Found Dead (AWBFD) survey was carried out from 2014–2016. For Wales, as a whole, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in prevalence of bTB in badgers since a similar survey was carried out in 2005–2006, with a drop from 13.3% to 7.3%. The highest prevalence was observed for the High TB Area East (18.6%), which shares its border with England, and differed significantly (p < 0.001) from the High TB Area West (7.4%). The lowest proportion of carcases diagnosed with the disease (0.7%) was in the Low TB Area, followed by the two Intermediate TB Areas of Wales (2.7%). The M. bovis isolates from badgers tended to be similar to the genotypes of cattle in the same area, except in the Low TB Area. The direction of any cross species transmission and the drivers for this cannot be determined from this study. The spatial variations described here support the need for regionally adapted surveillance and control measures for bovine tuberculosis in Wales.
The role of valve stiffness in the insurgence of deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Schofield Zoe , Baksamawi Hosam Alden , Campos Joana , Alexiadis Alessio , Nash Gerard B. , Brill Alexander , Vigolo Daniele
Published: September 2020

Deep vein thrombosis is a life-threatening development of blood clots in deep veins. Immobility and blood flow stagnancy are typical risk factors indicating that fluid dynamics play an important role in the initiation of venous clots. However, the roles of physical parameters of the valves and flow conditions in deep vein thrombosis initiation have not been fully understood. Here, we describe a microfluidics in vitro method that enabled us to explore the role of valve elasticity using in situ fabrication and characterisation. In our experimental model the stiffness of each valve leaflet can be controlled independently, and various flow conditions were tested. The resulting complex flow patterns were detected using ghost particle velocimetry and linked to localised thrombus formation using whole blood and an aqueous suspension of polystyrene particles. In particular, valves with leaflets of similar stiffness had clot formation on the valve tips whereas valves with leaflets of different stiffness had clot formation in the valve pocket.
The shape and speciation of Ag nanoparticles drive their impacts on organisms in a lotic ecosystem
Authors: Auffan M. , Santaella C. , Brousset L. , Tella M. , Morel E. , Ortet P. , Barakat M. , Chaneac C. , Issartel J. , Angeletti B. , Levard C. , Hazemann J.-L. , Wiesner M. , Rose J. , Thiéry A. , Bottero J.-Y.
Published: September 2020

Silver nanomaterials with different shapes (spheres, plates, wires, rods, cubes) are valued by industries and scientists for their shape-dependent properties which make them useful for diverse applications.
Synthesis and antiproliferative effect of the proposed stereoisomer of the marine sponge metabolite halisphingosine A
Authors: Bär Alexander , Bär Sofia I. , Schobert Rainer
Published: September 2020

The purported isomer of halisphingosine A was built up in 11 steps and 29% yield by catalytic Henry and hydrogenation reactions. Its 13C-NMR data differed from that of the natural isolate. It was antiproliferative in various tumour cells.
An efficient star-shaped fused-ring electron acceptor withC3h-symmetric coreviathieno[3,2-b]thiophene extending conjugation strategy
Authors: Wang Weijie , Wang Tong , Wu Xiaofu , Tong Hui , Wang Lixiang
Published: September 2020

A star-shaped fused-ring electron acceptor,BTTCTT-ICF, with thieno[3,2-b]thiophene extending conjugation exhibits a narrow optical bandgap of 1.54 eV and PCE of 10.39% on blending with the polymer donorPM6.
Nanoprobes with aggregation-induced emission for theranostics
Authors: Wu Wenbo , Li Zhen
Published: September 2020

This review summarizes the latest advancement of nanoprobes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) for image-guided therapy.
Phosphine-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloadditions of trifluoromethyl enynes/enediynes with allenoates: access to cyclopentenes containing a CF3-substituted quaternary carbon center
Authors: Chen Shu-Jie , Chen Guo-Shu , Zhang Jia-Wei , Li Zhao-Dong , Zhao Yu-Lei , Liu Yun-Lin
Published: September 2020

The first use of trifluoromethyl-substituted enynes/enediynes as non-classical electron-deficient olefins for phosphine-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition with allenoates is presented.
Correction: Hydride transfer enabled switchable dearomatization of indoles in the carbocyclic ring and the pyrrole ring
Authors: Duan Kang , Shi Hongjin , Wang Lin-Xuan , Li Shuai-Shuai , Xu Lubin , Xiao Jian
Published: September 2020

Correction for ‘Hydride transfer enabled switchable dearomatization of indoles in the carbocyclic ring and the pyrrole ring’ by Kang Duan et al., Org. Chem. Front., 2020, 7, 2511–2517, DOI: 10.1039/D0QO00658K.
Using osmotic pressure simulations to test potentials for ions
Authors: Gillespie Colin , Milner Scott T.
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a new method to simulate the osmotic pressure of an ionic solution.
Atorvastatin improves the proliferation and migration of endothelial progenitor cells via the miR-221/VEGFA axis
Authors: Sun Lihua , Zhang Ying , Zhang Junshi , Wang Juan , Xing Shifeng
Published: September 2020

The present study was aimed at investigating the detailed functions of atorvastatin, a lipid-lowering agent, in the pathogenesis of coronary slow flow (CSF), a clinical disease characterized by delayed angiographic coronary opacity without obstructive coronary disease. In the present study, we successfully identified isolated endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the peripheral blood of patients with CSF. Their vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) protein levels were determined using immunoblotting analyses. We determined cell viability using MTT assays, cell migration capacity using Transwell assays, and the angiogenic capacity using a tube formation assay. The target association between miR-221 and VEGFA was validated with a luciferase reporter assay. Atorvastatin treatment increased EPC VEGFA protein levels, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. miR-221 expression was down-regulated after atorvastatin treatment; miR-221 overexpression exerted an opposing effect to atorvastatin treatment on VEGFA protein, EPC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. The protective effects of atorvastatin treatment on VEGFA protein and EPCs could be significantly suppressed by miR-221 overexpression. miR-221 directly bound the VEGFA 3′UTR to inhibit its expression. In conclusion, atorvastatin improves the cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of EPCs via the miR-221/VEGFA axis. Thus, atorvastatin could be a potent agent against CSF, pending further in vivo and clinical investigations.
Association of UGT1A1*6 polymorphism with irinotecan-based chemotherapy reaction in colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review and a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyun , Ma Ruchao , Ma Xin , Yang Gang
Published: September 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths across the world. Irinotecan (IRI) is commonly used to treat CRC, and IRI-based chemotherapy is linked with adverse reaction and the efficacy of the treatment regimen. The gene UGT1A1 plays a central role in the IRI metabolic pathway. A polymorphism UGT1A1*6 has been widely researched which may be related to response of IRI-based chemotherapy in CRC. All relevant studies were strictly searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases to explore the associations between UGT1A1*6 and response of IRI-based chemotherapy with CRC. Nine articles comprising 1652 patients were included in the final combination. Meta-analysis showed G allele or GG had a lower risk of severe late-onset diarrhea compared with A/AA in allele model and homozygote model (G vs. A: OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.28–0.99, P=0.05; GG vs. AA: OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.23–0.99, P=0.05), no significant association was observed in other models. In addition, a significant association between UGT1A1*6 and neutropenia was observed in all models (G vs. A: OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.46–0.71, P=0.00; GG vs. AA: OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.17–0.45, P=0.01; GA vs. AA: OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.26–0.70, P=0.00; GG+GA vs. AA: OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.20–0.52, P=0.00; GG vs. AA+GA: OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22–0.71, P=0.00), whereas, no relationship was found between UGT1A1*6 and clinical response among the different genotypes. UGT1A1*6 may be considered as a biomarker for IRI-based chemotherapy in CRC.
Prediction of gastric cancer risk: association between ZBTB20 genetic variance and gastric cancer risk in Chinese Han population
Authors: Bai Fei , Xiao Ke
Published: September 2020

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a complex multifactorial disease. Previous studies have revealed genetic variations associated with the risk of gastric cancer. The purpose of the present study was to determine the correlation between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ZBTB20 and the risk of gastric cancer in Chinese Han population.

Methods: We conducted a ‘case–control’ study involving 509 GC patients and 507 healthy individuals. We selected four SNPs of ZBTB20 (10934270 T/C, rs9288999 G/A, rs9841504 G/C and rs73230612 C/T), and used logistic regression to analyze the relationship between those SNPs and GC risk under different genetic models; multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to analyze the interaction of “SNP–SNP” in gastric cancer risk; ANOVA and univariate analysis were used to analyze the differences in clinical characteristics among different genotypes.

Results: Our results showed that ZBTB20 rs9288999 is a protective factor for the risk of gastric cancer in multiple genetic models, of which the homozygous model is the most significant (OR = 0.48, P=0.0003); we also found that rs9288999 showed a significant correlation with reducing the risk of gastric cancer in different subgroups (BMI; age; gender; smoking or drinking status; adenocarcinoma); rs9841504 is associated with increased GC risk in the participants with BMI>24 kg/m2; rs9841504 and rs73230612 are certainly associated with clinical characteristics of platelet and carbohydrate antigen 242, respectively.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that ZBTB20 rs9288999 may be important for reducing the risk of GC in the Chinese Han population.
The molecular mechanism of mechanotransduction in vascular homeostasis and disease
Authors: Yamashiro Yoshito , Yanagisawa Hiromi
Published: September 2020

Blood vessels are constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli such as shear stress due to flow and pulsatile stretch. The extracellular matrix maintains the structural integrity of the vessel wall and coordinates with a dynamic mechanical environment to provide cues to initiate intracellular signaling pathway(s), thereby changing cellular behaviors and functions. However, the precise role of matrix–cell interactions involved in mechanotransduction during vascular homeostasis and disease development remains to be fully determined. In this review, we introduce hemodynamics forces in blood vessels and the initial sensors of mechanical stimuli, including cell–cell junctional molecules, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), multiple ion channels, and a variety of small GTPases. We then highlight the molecular mechanotransduction events in the vessel wall triggered by laminar shear stress (LSS) and disturbed shear stress (DSS) on vascular endothelial cells (ECs), and cyclic stretch in ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)—both of which activate several key transcription factors. Finally, we provide a recent overview of matrix–cell interactions and mechanotransduction centered on fibronectin in ECs and thrombospondin-1 in SMCs. The results of this review suggest that abnormal mechanical cues or altered responses to mechanical stimuli in EC and SMCs serve as the molecular basis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and aortic aneurysms. Collecting evidence and advancing knowledge on the mechanotransduction in the vessel wall can lead to a new direction of therapeutic interventions for vascular diseases.
Vitamin D deficiency promotes large rupture-prone abdominal aortic aneurysms and cholecalciferol supplementation limits progression of aneurysms in a mouse model
Authors: Nsengiyumva Vianne , Krishna Smriti M. , Moran Corey S. , Moxon Joseph V. , Morton Susan K. , Clarke Michael W. , Seto Sai-Wang , Golledge Jonathan
Published: September 2020

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA); however, its role in AAA pathogenesis is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on AAA development and examine if administering cholecalciferol (CCF) could limit growth of established AAA within the angiotensin-II (AngII) infused apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse model. Mice were rendered vitamin D deficiency through dietary restriction and during AngII infusion developed larger AAAs as assessed by ultrasound and ex vivo morphometry that ruptured more commonly (48% vs. 19%; P=0.028) than controls. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased aortic expression of osteopontin and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 than controls. CCF administration to mice with established aortic aneurysms limited AAA growth as assessed by ultrasound (P<0.001) and ex vivo morphometry (P=0.036) and reduced rupture rate (8% vs. 46%; P=0.031). This effect was associated with up-regulation of circulating and aortic sclerostin. Incubation of human aortic smooth muscle cells with 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D3 (the active metabolite of vitamin D) for 48 h induced up-regulation of sclerostin (P<0.001) and changed the expression of a range of other genes important in extracellular matrix remodeling. The present study suggests that vitamin D deficiency promotes development of large rupture-prone aortic aneurysms in an experimental model. CCF administration limited both growth and rupture of established aneurysms. These effects of vitamin D appeared to be mediated via changes in genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, particularly sclerostin.
Use of meteorological data in biosecurity
Authors: Hemming Deborah , Macneill Katrina
Published: September 2020

Pests, pathogens and diseases cause some of the most widespread and damaging impacts worldwide — threatening lives and leading to severe disruption to economic, environmental and social systems. The overarching goal of biosecurity is to protect the health and security of plants and animals (including humans) and the wider environment from these threats. As nearly all living organisms and biological systems are sensitive to weather and climate, meteorological, ‘met’, data are used extensively in biosecurity. Typical applications include, (i) bioclimatic modelling to understand and predict organism distributions and responses, (ii) risk assessment to estimate the probability of events and horizon scan for future potential risks, and (iii) early warning systems to support outbreak management. Given the vast array of available met data types and sources, selecting which data is most effective for each of these applications can be challenging. Here we provide an overview of the different types of met data available and highlight their use in a wide range of biosecurity studies and applications. We argue that there are many synergies between meteorology and biosecurity, and these provide opportunities for more widespread integration and collaboration across the disciplines. To help communicate typical uses of meteorological data in biosecurity to a wide audience we have designed the ‘Meteorology for biosecurity’ infographic.
Electrophysiological Evidence of Early Cortical Sensitivity to Human Conspecific Mimic Voice as a Distinct Category of Natural Sound
Authors: Talkington William J. , Donai Jeremy , Kadner Alexandra S. , Layne Molly L. , Forino Andrew , Wen Sijin , Gao Si , Gray Margeaux M. , Ashraf Alexandria J. , Valencia Gabriela N. , Smith Brandon D. , Khoo Stephanie K. , Gray Stephen J. , Lass Norman , Brefczynski-Lewis Julie A. , Engdahl Susannah , Graham David , Frum Chris A. , Lewis James W.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

From an anthropological perspective of hominin communication, the human auditory system likely evolved to enable special sensitivity to sounds produced by the vocal tracts of human conspecifics whether attended or passively heard. While numerous electrophysiological studies have used stereotypical human-produced verbal (speech voice and singing voice) and nonverbal vocalizations to identify human voice–sensitive responses, controversy remains as to when (and where) processing of acoustic signal attributes characteristic of “human voiceness” per se initiate in the brain.

Method

To explore this, we used animal vocalizations and human-mimicked versions of those calls (“mimic voice”) to examine late auditory evoked potential responses in humans.

Results

Here, we revealed an N1b component (96–120 ms poststimulus) during a nonattending listening condition showing significantly greater magnitude in response to mimics, beginning as early as primary auditory cortices, preceding the time window reported in previous studies that revealed species-specific vocalization processing initiating in the range of 147–219 ms. During a sound discrimination task, a P600 (500–700 ms poststimulus) component showed specificity for accurate discrimination of human mimic voice. Distinct acoustic signal attributes and features of the stimuli were used in a classifier model, which could distinguish most human from animal voice comparably to behavioral data—though none of these single features could adequately distinguish human voiceness.

Conclusions

These results provide novel ideas for algorithms used in neuromimetic hearing aids, as well as direct electrophysiological support for a neurocognitive model of natural sound processing that informs both neurodevelopmental and anthropological models regarding the establishment of auditory communication systems in humans.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12903839
Reading between the lines
Authors: Sicilia-Aguilar A. , Bouvier J. , Dougados C. , Grankin K. , Donati J. F.
Published: September 2020

Aims.We use optical spectroscopy to investigate the disk, wind, and accretion during the 2008 Z CMa NW outburst.

Methods.Emission lines were used to constrain the locations, densities, and temperatures of the structures around the star.

Results.More than 1000 optical emission lines reveal accretion, a variable, multicomponent wind, and double-peaked lines of disk origin. The variable, non-axisymmetric, accretion-powered wind has slow (~0 km s−1), intermediate (approximately −100 km s−1), and fast (≥−400 km s−1) components. The fast components are of stellar origin and disappear in quiescence, while the slow component is less variable and could be related to a disk wind. The changes in the optical depth of the lines between outburst and quiescence reveal that increased accretion is responsible for the observed outburst. We derive an accretion rate of 10−4M⊙yr−1in outburst. The Fe I and weak Fe II lines arise from an irradiated, flared disk at ~0.5–3 ×M*/16M⊙au with asymmetric upper layers, revealing that the energy from the accretion burst is deposited at scales below 0.5 au. Some line profiles have redshifted asymmetries, but the system is unlikely to be sustained by magnetospheric accretion, especially in outburst. The accretion-related structures extend over several stellar radii and, like the wind, are likely to be non-axisymmetric. The stellar mass may be ~6–8M⊙, lower than previously thought (~16M⊙).

Conclusions.Emission line analysis is found to be a powerful tool to study the innermost regions and accretion in stars within a very large range of effective temperatures. The density ranges in the disk and accretion structures are higher than in late-type stars, but the overall behavior, including the innermost disk emission and variable wind, is very similar for stars with different spectral types. Our work suggests a common outburst behavior for stars with spectral types ranging from M type to intermediate mass.
Kinematics and dynamics of Gaia red clump stars
Authors: Salomon Jean-Baptiste , Bienaymé Olivier , Reylé Céline , Robin Annie C. , Famaey Benoit
Published: September 2020

In this study, we analyse the kinematics and dynamics of a homogeneous sample of red clump stars, selected from the second Gaia data release catalogue in the direction of the Galactic poles, at five different positions in the plane. The level of completeness of the sample at heights between 0.6 and 3.5 kpc was asserted through a comparison with the 2 Micron All Sky Survey catalogue. We show that both the density distribution and velocity dispersion are significantly more perturbed in the north than in the south in all analysed regions of our Galactic neighbourhoods. We provide a detailed assessment of these north-south asymmetries at large heights, which can provide useful constraints for models of the interaction of the Galactic disc with external perturbers. We proceeded to evaluate how such asymmetries could affect determinations of the dynamical matter density under equilibrium assumptions. We find that a Jeans analysis delivers relatively similar vertical forces and integrated dynamical surface densities at large heights above the plane in both hemispheres. At these heights, the densities of stars and gas are very low and the surface density is largely dominated by dark matter (DM), which allows us to estimate, separately in the north and in the south, the local dark matter density derived under equilibrium assumptions. In the presence of vertical perturbations, such values should be considered as an upper limit. This Jeans analysis yields values of the local dark matter density above 2 kpc, namely, ρDM ∼ 0.013 M⊙ pc−3 (∼0.509 GeV cm−3) in the perturbed northern hemisphere and ρDM ∼ 0.010 M⊙ pc−3 (∼0.374 GeV cm−3) in the much less perturbed south. As a comparison, we determine the local dark matter density by fitting a global phase-space distribution to the data. We end up with a value in the range of ρDM ∼ 0.011−0.014 M⊙ pc−3, which is in global agreement with the Jeans analysis. These results call for the further development of non-equilibrium methods with the aim of obtaining a more precise estimate for the dynamical matter density in the Galactic disc.
Discovery of HC4NC in TMC-1: A study of the isomers of HC3N, HC5N, and HC7N
Authors: Cernicharo J. , Marcelino N. , Agúndez M. , Bermúdez C. , Cabezas C. , Tercero B. , Pardo J. R.
Published: September 2020

We present a study of the isocyano isomers of the cyanopolyynes HC3N, HC5N, and HC7N in TMC-1 and IRC+10216 carried out with the Yebes 40m radio telescope. This study has enabled us to report the detection, for the first time in space, of HCCCCNC in TMC-1 and to give upper limits for HC6NC in the same source. In addition, the deuterated isotopologues of HCCNC and HNCCC were detected, along with all 13C substitutions of HCCNC, also for the first time in space. The abundance ratios of HC3N and HC5N, with their isomers, are very different in TMC-1 and IRC+10216, namely, N(HC5N)/N(HC4NC) is ∼300 and ≥2100, respectively. We discuss the chemistry of the metastable isomers of cyanopolyynes in terms of the most likely formation pathways and by comparing observational abundance ratios between different sources.
Isothermal oxidation kinetics and oxidation behavior of nickel slag
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Zhang Xinyi , Li Yi , Xing Xiangdong
Published: September 2020

To improve the reduction effect of nickel slag in preparing Fe–Co–Ni–Cu alloy, an oxidization pretreatment was carried out to changing the structure and phase of silicate and sulfide for the nickel slag before the reducing process. The oxidation behavior and kinetics of nickel slag under different temperature and time conditions were discussed. The results shown that in the oxidation process of nickel slag, the part of Fe2SiO4 was oxidized to Fe3O4 and further to Fe2O3, and the other part of Fe2SiO4 directly oxidized to Fe2O3. Meanwhile, the nickel, cobalt and copper in the form of silicate and sulfide were changed into oxides. The changes of the phases are beneficial to the subsequent reduction of nickel slag. The oxidation degree of nickel slag reached 98% under suitable oxidation conditions (900 °C, 15 min). The oxidation kinetic model of nickel slag obtained by Ln–Ln analysis and Model-fitting method was three-dimensional diffusion at lower temperature (300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C) and random nucleation at higher temperature (700 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C) respectively. The activation energies obtained by the model method and the model-free method were 28.58 kJ.mol−1 and 26.28 kJ.mol−1 at lower temperature (300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C) respectively, and the corresponding value were 81.98 kJ.mol−1 and 78.36 kJ.mol−1 at higher temperature (700 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C) respectively. The activation energy calculated by the two methods was relatively close, and both can be used to calculate the activation energy.
Research on flow rate engineering calculation model of U-pipes for fabricating transverse variable profiled (TVP) strips by simulation and experiment
Authors: Ji Ce , Huang Huagui , Sun Yifeng , Zhang Chaoqun , Gao Lin , Zhang Shangbin
Published: September 2020

Transverse variable profiled (TVP) strips have significant lightweight and functional characteristics due to the nonuniform section, but need to be cooled nonuniformly in order to obtain the uniform microstructure and performance. Hence, it has become the consensus of the industry to develop new on-line cooling equipment that can adjust and control the cooling capacity along the width direction (WD). Therefore, a multi-functional test platform was designed based on the U-pipes used in the industrial runout table cooling process. A steady-state Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was built based on the Fluent software, and the influence of the main pipe inlet pressure, U-pipe inner diameter, restrictor ring thickness, and restrictor ring inner diameter was analyzed. The results indicate that the flow rate increases as the U-pipe inner diameter increase when there is no restrictor ring, and the result is contrary when there is a restrictor ring. The influence of main pipe inlet pressure, restrictor ring thickness, and restrictor ring inner diameter on the flow rate is monotonic. Besides, the restrictor ring inner diameter has a wide flow rate adjusting range and has little impact on the equipment structure, which helps to reduce the reconstruction cost. Finally, considering the influence of geometric parameters, the flow rate engineering calculation models of the U-pipe were derived and verified, which lays the theoretical foundation to customize the flow rate distribution along the WD at the design stage.
Effect of heating rate of final annealing stage on secondary recrystallization in grain-oriented silicon steel
Authors: Fan Lifeng , Zhao Xingyuan , Zhu Rong , He Jianzhong , Zhang Yuan Xiang
Published: September 2020

A grain-oriented silicon steel sheet was manufactured by slab reheated at “medium temperature” and two-stage cold rolling method. The function of heating rate on secondary recrystallization in grain-oriented silicon steel was investigated. The results show that: compared with 30 °C/h heating rate, the initial temperature of the secondary recrystallization can increase by 10 °C at the heating rate of 20 °C/h. Furthermore, the temperature region of secondary recrystallization also extended either with the increased heating rate. Even though the inhibitors maintain AlN, complex precipitation of AlN and sulphide in both heating rate, the average diameter and Zener factor of inhibitors are distinct. Inhibitors in the route of 20 °C/h heating rate express stronger inhibition than that of 30 °C/h, and the average diameter and Zener factor are 17.519 nm and 3.925 × 10−4 nm−1, respectively. In addition, more Goss texture component and less γ-fiber texture ({111}//ND) component form at the heating rate of 30 °C/h than 20 °C/h at 1000 °C, but the final Goss texture component of 20 °C/h is greater than 30 °C/h. The average grain size of the final annealing sheets increased with the heating rate decreasing from 30 °C/h to 20 °C/h, and iron loss reduced by 0.05 W/Kg, the magnetic induction intensity increased by 0.025 T.
Editorial
Authors: Crismani Adriano
Published: September 2020

Sehr geehrte Kolleginnen und Kollegen,

mit Freude darf ich Ihnen das 3. Heft 2020 der IOK präsentieren. Sie werden
sicher einen oder vielleicht mehrere interessante Beiträge – von
Autorinnen und Autoren aus Deutschland, Österreich, Niederlande, Schweiz und
den USA verfasst – finden. An dieser Stelle möchte ich mich
aufrichtig bei diesen für ihren Einsatz und ihre Professionalität
bedanken! Kurz zusammengefasst, werden in der vorliegenden Ausgabe unterschiedliche
aktuelle Themen wie z. B. die „so sehr ersehnte“
Beschleunigung der Zahnbewegung, die moderne CAD/CAM-basierte Planung sowie
die immer bedeutsamere Retention und die unaufhaltsame digitale Entwicklung in der
Kieferorthopädie vorgestellt.
Röntgenstrahlenschutz kompakt
Authors: Widmann Gerlig , Torbica Pavle , Verius Michael , Jaschke Werner
Published: September 2020

Ziel dieses Kurzreviews ist es, einen kompakten Überblick zum Thema
Röntgenstrahlenschutz zu bieten. Für das Verständnis
von Strahlenschutz sind Grundlagen der Physik der Röntgenstrahlung,
ihrer biologischen Wirkung, sowie der Dosimetrie notwendig. Zu den
deterministischen Gesundheitsrisiken zählen die Radiodermatitis und
die posteriore, subkapsuläre Linsentrübung. Als
stochastische Effekte werden eine mögliche Lebenszeit-attributable
Risikoerhöhung von Krebserkrankungen v. a. für die
erhöht strahlensensiblen Kinder und jungen Erwachsenen, sowie Frauen
im gebärfähigen Alter diskutiert. Die EURATOM-Richtlinie
2013/59 verpflichtet alle EU-Mitgliedstaaten zu strenger
rechtfertigender Indikationsstellung anhand wissenschaftlich basierter
Guidelines, Anwendung und Review von diagnostischen Dosis Referenzwerten,
sowie Dosismanagement unter Anwendung des „as low as reasonably
achievable“ (ALARA) bzw. „as low as diagnostically
acceptable“ (ALADA) Prinzips. Insbesondere Schnittbildgebung wie
digitale Volumentomografie und Computertomografie erfordern durch die
rasanten technischen Weiterentwicklungen zur Dosisreduktion einen
kontinuierlichen, indikationsangepassten Optimierungsprozess von
Untersuchungsprotokollen.
Behandlung von Klasse-II-Malokklusionen von Extraktion bis
Distalisation
Authors: Kujat Dirk , Hamadeh Sinan
Published: September 2020

Zusmmenfassung

Für eine langfristig erfolgreiche Korrektur von
Klasse-II-Malokklusionen stehen heute zahlreiche Therapieoptionen zur
Verfügung. Ihre Wahl ist von einigen patientenspezifischen Faktoren
wie der Kooperationsbereitschaft, der für die Behandlung
verfügbaren Zeit und den finanziellen Rahmenbedingungen, aber auch
von der Erfahrung und Ausbildung des behandelnden Kieferorthopäden
abhängig. Die im Folgenden vorgestellten Behandlungstechniken und
klinischen Vorgehensweisen sollen dazu einladen, das eigene Repertoire an
Behandlungstechniken zu erweitern und die Therapieoption in Zukunft
stärker indikations- und bedürfnisorientiert zu
wählen.
Fertilitätsprotektion bei Mann-zu-Frau trans Personen: Früh an fertilitätsprotektive Maßnahmen denken
Authors: Schneider Florian , Schlatt Stefan , Neuhaus Nina , Kliesch Sabine
Published: September 2020

Wir stimmen dem in der Leitlinie genannten starken Konsens für Maßnahmen der Reproduktionsmedizin als wichtige Option zur Erfüllung des Kinderwunsches bei trans Personen uneingeschränkt zu. Informationen über diese Maßnahmen müssen Bestandteil von Behandlungen von trans Personen sein. Die geschlechtsangleichende Hormontherapie bei Mann-zu-Frau trans Personen hat jedoch einen negativen Einfluß auf die Spermatogenese. Der Erfolg der Fertilitätsprotektion bei Mann-zu-Frau trans Personen hängt stark von Qualität und Quantität der Spermien bzw. der spermatogonialen Stammzellen ab. Daher sollte die Beratung vor der geschlechtsangleichenden Hormontherapie stattfinden. Zu Beginn sollten eine ausführliche Anamnese, eine körperliche Untersuchung, eine Untersuchung von Serumhormonen (LH, FSH, Testosteron, Östradiol, AMH, Inhibin B) und ggf. eine Untersuchung des Ejakulats erfolgen. Zu den etablierten Methoden der Fertilitätsprotektion zählen Kryokonservierung von Spermien nach Ejakulation, Kryokonservierung von Spermien nach mikrochirurgischer testikulärer Spermienextraktion (mTESE) oder Spermienaspiration aus dem Nebenhoden (MESA) oder Kryokonservierung von spermatogonialen Stammzellen. Letztere sind auch möglich, wenn die geschlechtsangleichende Hormontherapie vor Beginn der Pubertät begonnen wird. Dies ist derzeit noch experimentell. Kryokonservierte Spermien können dazu verwendet werden, im Rahmen einer In-vitro-Fertilisation (IVF) und intrazytoplasmatischen Spermieninjektion (ICSI) mit Frauen eigene Kinder zu zeugen. Leihmutterschaft oder Eizellenspende ist in Deutschland derzeit nicht möglich.

Wir wollen betonen, dass das Gespräch über fertilitätsprotektive Maßnahmen so früh wie möglich stattfinden muss, um den Erfolg zu garantieren und Absprachen zwischen den medizinischen Diszplinen zu ermöglichen. Das Ziel sind individuelle Lösungen, die für trans Personen finanzierbar, gangbar und operativ mit einfachen Mitteln zu erreichen sind.
Psychoanalytische Einblicke in einen Transitionsprozess
Authors: Steinberger Bettina
Published: September 2020

Die vorliegende Fallstudie beschreibt die psychoanalytische Behandlung einer Patientin, die als Mann mit schweren Depressionen, sexuellen Funktionsstörungen und einem Sich-hingezogen-Fühlen zu transidenten Menschen Hilfe suchte. Im Laufe der Behandlung wagte sich die Patientin in ihren Transitionsprozess. Der regressive Prozess sowie Probehandlungen in einer neuen weiblichen Geschlechterrolle förderten den allmählichen Zugang zu inneren Objektwelten, führten zu abnehmendem Hass auf die männlichen Genitalien und einer intensiven Auseinandersetzung mit Kastrationsängsten und -wünschen. In den Symptomen von Erektionsstörung und Ejaculatio praecox fanden sich eine enge Verschränkung präödipaler und ödipaler Ängste und Fantasien, der die Patientin zunächst durch die genitalangleichende Operationen auszuweichen gehofft hatte. Durch die Veränderung ihres Verständnisses im Geschlechtserleben entwickelten sich zeitweilig ein manisches Hochgefühl, männlich wie weiblich sein zu können und zu wollen, aber auch Identitätsverwirrung und Haltlosigkeit. Das analytische Setting konnte die Gefühlsschwankungen auffangen, sodass die Patientin zum Ende der Therapie ein In-Between aushalten und den männlichen Anteil in sich integrieren konnte.
Lebensbedrohliche Kopfverletzung
Authors: Rissel Roger
Published: September 2020

Die homöopathische Behandlung eines Kindes, das mit seinem Kopf unter ein Wagenrad gekommen ist, wird aus dem Stapf-Archiv zitiert. In der Kommentierung wird auf die sorgfältigen Überlegungen zur angezeigten Therapie und die Vorgehensweise bei der Arzneimittelfindung eingegangen.
Therapie einer akuten Strahlenösophagitis mit orodispersiblem Budesonid
Authors: Reinshagen Max , Hoffmann Wolfgang
Published: September 2020

Eine Strahlenösophagitis im Rahmen einer therapeutischen Radiotherapie ist weiterhin eine relativ häufige Komplikation. In diesem Fallbericht beschreiben wir eine Patientin, bei der unter einer Therapie mit orodispersiblem Budesonid eine Strahlenösophagitis ohne erkennbare Residuen abheilen konnte.
Neuroradiologie – CT-Angiografie auch bei leichten Schlaganfällen
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: September 2020

Wu X et al. CT Angiography for Triage of Patients with Acute Minor Stroke: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis. Radiology 2020; 294: 580–588

Bei einem ischämischen Schlaganfall mit einem NIHHS-Score ≥ 6 empfehlen die Leitlinien eine vaskuläre Bildgebung und bei bestätigter Gefäßokklusion die Thrombektomie. Bei etwa 10 % der Patienten mit relevantem Gefäßverschluss liegen leichtere Symptome vor und eine CT-Angiografie erfolgt nicht regelhaft. Dies hat Auswirkungen auf die Prognose, aber auch auf die Kosten. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Gefäßdarstellung auch bei einem Minor Stroke erfolgen sollte.
Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung – Krankenkassen-Finanzen derzeit trotz Corona stabil
Authors:   GKV-Spitzenverbands
Published: September 2020

Die vorläufigen Finanzergebnisse der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung für das erste Halbjahr 2020 liegen seit Mitte August vor. Dr. Doris Pfeiffer, Vorstandsvorsitzende des GKV-Spitzenverbandes, hat dazu ein entsprechendes Statement verfasst.
Krankenhäuser im ländlichen Raum – 121 Krankenhäuser erhalten 2021 einen Zuschlag
Authors:   DKG, PKV und GKV-SV
Published: September 2020

Mit zusätzlich 400 000 Euro können bundesweit 121 Krankenhäuser im nächsten Jahr rechnen. Sie erfüllen die Kriterien des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses für einen Zuschlag, um die stationäre Versorgung der Bevölkerung auf dem Land abzusichern. Insgesamt werden so rund 50 Millionen Euro verteilt. Darauf haben sich der GKV-Spitzenverband, die Deutsche Krankenhausgesellschaft und der Verband der Privaten Krankenversicherung verständigt.
Standard Operating Procedure to Derive Homoeopathic Prophylaxis in COVID-19 through Prophylactic Clinical Trial—A Perspective
Authors: Choubey Gurudev , Banerjee Abhiram , Nahar Laijun , Saha Subhranil , Roja Varanasi
Published: September 2020

The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of international concern affecting human health and economy across the world. The outbreak in India is accelerating even after enforcement of lockdown as well as promotion of hand hygiene, respiratory etiquettes and social distancing mainly due to nonavailability of specific antiviral medicine and vaccine. Historically, for the purpose of prevention and treatment, homoeopathy has shown its usefulness in recent and past epidemics using carefully selected medicines as genus epidemicus (GE) for each epidemic. In the present era of evidence-based medicine, usefulness of therapeutic agent as prophylaxis is recognised only after obtaining significant result in prophylactic clinical trial. Claims of usefulness of certain homoeopathic medicine as prophylaxis or GE of COVID-19 can be used to generate research hypothesis and can be tested through prophylactic clinical trial. In this article, outbreak investigation procedures are highlighted, necessity of epidemic preparedness with engagement of community is emphasised, several recent developments in clinical trial regulations for an outbreak are pointed out, among which online submission of research protocol, expedition of ethical review procedure, virtual meeting of the ethics committee, Good Participatory Practice Guidelines for Trials of Emerging (and re-emerging) Pathogens are mentioned. Standard operating procedures are discussed to conduct a comparative effectiveness research using cluster randomisation in a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the effectiveness of the homoeopathic medicine as a prophylaxis for COVID-19 which can be used by the policy makers as an effective public health intervention to stop transmission and prevent community spread of this highly infectious disease.
Facelift Surgery: History, Anatomy, and Recent Innovations
Authors: Luu Neil N. , Friedman Oren
Published: September 2020

Facelift surgery has become a beautifully predictable, safe, and extremely effective operation. Our patients can expect natural and long-lasting results as a direct outcome of our improved understanding and applications of surgical facial anatomy. Rhytidectomy, once an operation of simple well-placed elliptical skin excisions, evolved to include longer skin flaps, skin and platysma flaps with various superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) manipulations, and various deep plane techniques involving the skin and SMAS as a single unit composite flap. Extended deep plane rhytidectomy and vertical vector neck and SMAS lifting have emerged in recent years as techniques that extend the traditional deep plane dissection into the neck in a subplatysmal plane to allow for release of the platysma from the cervical retaining ligaments. This, ultimately, allows for the creation of a dramatically more youthful appearing face, neck, and jawline.
Life-Threatening Hematuria as Initial Presentation of a Complicated Transplant Renal Artery Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Miyara Santiago J. , Becker Lance B. , Guevara Sara , Lau Lawrence , Nair Vinay V. , Jandovitz Nicholas , Fahmy Ahmed E. , Grodstein Elliot , Winnick Aaron M. , Kirsch Claudia , Rolston Daniel M. , Bhaskaran Madhu C. , Hayashida Kei , Shinozaki Koichiro , Takegawa Ryosuke , Cho Young Min , Cagliani Joaquin A. , Isa Arton , Al-Roubaie Mustafa , Krishnasastry K. V. , Teperman Lewis W. , Molmenti Ernesto P.
Published: September 2020

In this case report, we describe the clinical course of a complicated transplant renal artery (TRA) pseudoaneurysm, clinically featured by gross and massive hematuria one month after a kidney transplant was performed on a 50 year-old male patient. TRA pseudoaneurysm is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that may result in bleeding, infection, graft dysfunction/loss, lower limb ischemia/loss, hemorrhagic shock, and death. TRA pseudoaneurysm treatment remains challenging as it needs to be tailored to the patient characteristics including hemodynamic stability, graft function, anatomy, presentation, and pseudoaneurysm features. This publication discusses the clinical scenario of massive gross hematuria that derived from a retroperitoneal hematoma which originated from an actively bleeding TRA pseudoaneurysm. This case highlights the combined approach of endovascular stent placement and subsequent transplant nephrectomy as a last resort in the management of intractable bleeding from a complicated TRA pseudoaneurysm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published case report of an actively bleeding TRA anastomotic pseudoaneurysm that caused a massive retroperitoneal bleed that in turn evacuated via the bladder after disrupting the ureter-to-bladder anastomosis. A temporizing hemostatic arterial stent placed percutaneously allowed for a safer and controlled emergency transplant nephrectomy.
Fluoroscopy-Assisted Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (F-PEG)—Single-Center Experience and Outcome
Authors: Balekuduru Avinash Bhat , Bongu Shruti Sagar , Mandalapu Narendra Babu , Ramachandraiah Gajendra , Khemka Vinit Kumar , Subbaraj Satyaprakash Bonthala
Published: September 2020

Background Gastrointestinal route is considered for feeding in subjects who are unable to swallow, either as a temporary or permanent option. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the preferred mode for long-term enteral nutrition. The aim was to study the outcome of protocol-based PEG placement in a tertiary medical center.

Materials and Methods All the patients who underwent PEG placement between January 2017 and December 2019 were included in the retrospective study. Study variables were entered into a uniform structured proforma. The procedure was done by two people using Ponsky-Gauderer pull-technique. Fluoroscopy guidance was considered for placement in special situations. Post-procedure, all the patients were regularly followed as per protocol to evaluate for adverse events.

Results One hundred and eighteen patients with placement of PEG were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 49.6 ± 7 years with 67.8% males. The most common indication of PEG was inability to swallow associated with head injury (43, 36.4%), followed by carcinoma esophagus (35, 29.8%) and stroke (24, 20.3%). Fluoroscopy was useful in 38 (32%) for PEG site identification. Tube dislodgement (16, 13.5%) and aspiration pneumonia (20, 16.9%) were the common adverse events. Age more than 60 years and dysphagia in neurologic disorders accounted for more than 60% of adverse events. Forty-nine (42%) of the PEG patients expired due to either primary illness or due to sepsis after a median time of 139 days (range: 32–288 days). There was no difference in the survival in patients with or without PEG-related complications (p = 0. 74).

Conclusions Fluoroscopy assistance helps in accurate PEG placement in one third. Age > 60 years and dysphagia in neurologic disorders were independent risk factors associated with PEG tube complications.