bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development Strategy of Gas Engines in China
Authors: Feng Li Yan , Zhai Jun , Qu Chuang
Published: June 2012

Based on the analysis of the gas fuel resources, the development potential of gas engines in China is evaluated. And contribution of application of gas engines on the reduction of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions as well as harmful emissions is estimated. Since gas engines are different from conventional internal combustion engines on fuel system and combustion system, the key technologies relating to developing gas engines are introduced, and the major difficulties of popularizing of gas engines are discussed. With the foundation of the analysis, development strategy of gas engines is proposed.
Experimental Study on Effect of Ethanol Mixing Ratio in Ethanol-Diesel Blend Fuel on Performance for the Diesel Engine
Authors: Li Tian Sheng , Li Su , Zhou Jing Jing
Published: June 2012

First by analyzing the physical and chemical properties of different blend proportion on ethanol-diesel fuel, determined the mixing ratio of ethanol being were 0-15% by volume in the blend fuel; and then make the bench test on 4102Q diesel, focused analysis the influence on exhaust emissions and dynamic performance of diesel engine fueled with 5%, 10%, and 15% of ethanol-diesel blend fuel. The engine tests indicated that under the premise of the diesel engine without any changes, the volume fraction of 10% ethanol content is the optima blend proportion. The engine fueled with this proportion of ethanol-diesel fuel can make the exhaust meet National Ⅲemission standard, and the rated power drop down no more than 0.2% at the same time.
Experimental Study on Output Characteristics of Scroll Expander Used as Air Powered Vehicle Engine
Authors: Zhang Chao Shan , Xiong Shu Sheng , Ren Xiao Shuai , Li Wei
Published: June 2012

An experimental study was carried out on a prototype of a scroll expander used as the air-powered vehicle engine. The speed characteristic was tested based on the test system at the constant suction temperature and pressure. The results show that the air mass consumption rate and the output power both increase with the rotating speed. The maximum air mass consumption rate is 800kg/h and the maximum power achieves 8.112 kW. The effective efficiency increases with the rotating speed but the increment decreases. The maximum efficiency is only 0.26 due to the low manufacturing and assembly accuracy of the expander.
Multi-Dimensional Simulation on the Matching of Combustion Chamber and Injection Pressure for a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine
Authors: Yuan Ye , Li Guo Xiu , Yu Yu Song , Zhao Peng , Li Hong Meng
Published: June 2012

Multi-dimensional simulation was applied for the investigation of the combustion system of a heavy-duty diesel engine. Firstly, the matching of combustion chamber and injection pressure has been determined by simulation. Then through intermediate characteristic parameters which could quantitatively describe the properties of the mixing and combustion, the influence of the matching of chamber caliber ratios and injection pressure on each sub-process in compression and power stroke was analyzed comprehensively. The results showed that, for the model studied in this article, increasing the combustion chamber caliber ratio and injection pressure could help expanding the distribution range of the mixture in cylinder, making the mixture more uniform, increasing the proportion of the dilute mixture, thus effectively improved the power performance.
Research on Temperature Field and Heat Transfer inside Catalytic Combustion Furnace of Natural Gas
Authors: Zhang Shi Hong , Li Juan , Shi Xing Xing
Published: June 2012

This article discussed the temperature field and heat transfer inside catalytic combustion furnace with Pd-based honeycomb monoliths of lean natural gas-air mixtures. The monoliths need to be ignited by gas phase combustion with the excessive air coefficient at 1.63 during the period of start-up process. After local catalytic ignition, a steady state has reached. The temperature field was measured by thermocouple K of diameter 1.0. It was shown that the temperature gradient changed according to the different position inside catalytic combustion furnace. When the furnace was used for heating equipment, heat transfer included mainly heat radiation and convection. For high radiation heat, local surface temperature of monoliths plays a decisive role.
Experimental Investigation of Ribbed Cylinder's Vibroacoustics Transmissibility
Authors: Xie Zhi Yong , Zhou Qi Dou , Mo Deng Yuan
Published: June 2012

Exciting force's accurate measurement is crucial to the structure-born sound radiation. And the force sensor is calibrated by the dynamic force calibration equipment. Exciting force is accurately measured on the ribbed cylinder’s forced vibration and sound radiation. Based on the steady sine and random white noise exciting, the frequency response functions of the acceleration and sound pressure are obtained. Results obtained from the two methods are shown to be in good agreement with each other. According to the acceleration’s frequency response functions and sound pressure’s frequency response functions, it is obvious that the peak frequencies in the two frequency response functions are corresponding to each other. And the correspondence relationship could be used to help control the radiated noise.
CAD/CAE on the Main Frame of Horizontal Type High-Pressure Grouting Machine
Authors: Huang Zhi Cheng
Published: June 2012

Taking a type of ceramics for daily use horizontal high pressure grouting machine‘s main frame as the object of study, established its CAD model and in order to study the stress and strain, conducted finite element static analysis on it . The analysis results can provide a reference for design of the main frame, and have a large general engineering and practical value.
Heavy Quayside Container Crane Working Process Visualization
Authors: Lu Hou Jun , Zhen Hui Qiang , Mi Wei Jian
Published: June 2012

The heavy quayside container crane is the key equipment of handling production in container terminal, because the general simulation system can not provide the detail information of the single crane unit during working process, this work proposed a novel method to visualize the working process of the crane. Analyzed the basic mechanisms and typical working condition, based on which, discussed the modeling method for working process visualization, and then gave the internal structure of 3D crane model. This work designed the control logic to drive the 3D graphic elements of the visualization system, implemented the working process visualization according to the working waiting list of the crane.
Thermodynamic Input-Output Analysis of Energy Utilization in Hubei Province
Authors: Li Ai Jun , Cao Yin Xue
Published: June 2012

This paper develops a thermodynamic input-output analysis of industrial economy for Hubei Province, which accounts for the ﬂow of cumulative exergy consumption of primary energy. Firstly, the basic situation of energy utilization in 2007 Hubei Province is analyzed. Then two different methods are adopted for thermodynamic input-output analysis in this paper, which are named as industrial cumulative exergy consumption and ecological cumulative exergy consumption. Results show that primary energy extraction sectors and raw material processing sectors have prominent peaks on both industrial cumulative exergy consumption and ecological cumulative exergy consumption for the case of Hubei Province. In terms of primary energy extraction sectors, traditional energy which has high exergy content should be substituted for new energy which has low exergy content. In terms of raw material processing sectors, high energy efficient and clean energy utilization technology should be promoted.
Application Discussion on the Fast-Closed Valve of the Tank Stored Flammable Liquids in Ocean Engineering
Authors: Wan Bo , Yang Qing Xia , Duan Ming Xing , Sun Xi Xing , Lin Zhong Ming
Published: June 2012

The importance of fast-closed valve for mitigating accident sequent when the pipeline of the tanks stored flammable liquids discussed in this paper broken was illuminated through studying on rules and analyzing accident. And the offshore platforms and ships were as example to list the relative codes and rules force requirements on fast-closed valve. By studying the typical process easy ignored in design - leakage due to siphoning effect, and the same time some typical pipelines and fast-closed valve arrangement and the corresponding alternative measures were given. And suggested that the storage tanks stored toxic and corrosive liquid or other dangerous liquids shall install a fast-closed valve or corresponding alternative measures in its pipeline for reducing the accident consequences due to leakage.
Hydrodynamic Characteristics Assessment and Modeling of a Novel Membrane-Aerated Reactor
Authors: Wang Rong Chang , Dai Shuang Lin , Tang Yun Fei , Zhao Jian Fu
Published: June 2012

The research study is aimed at the characterization of the hydrodynamics of a novel membrane-aerated reactor. Hydrodynamics was determined by means of impulse tracer trials in clean reactor and calculating residence time distribution (RTD) curves at different recirculation flow rates and hydraulic retention time. Thus the typical RTD curves were analyzed to calculate the average residence time, the dimensionless variance, the number of stirred tank reactors in series, and the dispersion number.The results showed that the hydraulic characteristics in the membrane-aerated reactor was essentially correlated with circulation rate. With the circulation velocity increasing, the number of stirred tank reactors in series decreased gradually, approaching to 1, while the dispersion number increased up to 0.2. It was concluded that the flow patterns within the membrane-aerated reactor are perfectly mixed under all the conditions tested. A simple correlation between the Reynolds number and the mixing was developed which can be used for design and scale-up purposes.
Numerical Simulation of the Air-Assisted Boom Spraying and Droplets Transporting Process
Authors: Zhang Juan Juan , Wang Jun Feng , Mao Wen Long , Gu Feng , Huo Yuan Ping
Published: June 2012

The conflict between increasing the deposition on target and reducing off-target losses in conventional pesticide spraying is an issue. It has been confirmed that air-assisted spraying can effectively reduce the drift compared to the conventional spraying. The work presented here reports on the numerical simulation of an air-assisted boom spraying and droplets transporting process. The purpose of this study is to understand the gas and droplet two-phase flow fields and analyze the spraying distribution and droplets transporting under the different given operations of air assistance. The air-assisted spraying drift potential decreases with air-jet velocity. As the air-jet velocity is higher than 25m/s, the accretion of droplets on the upper surface of crop canopy focus on narrow areas. Air -assistance can reduce the drift of small droplets (50-200μm) effectively. In all cases, the angle between the air-jet and the nozzle is 0° or10°.
Research on Optimization and Modification of Primary Air System of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler
Authors: Xu Zheng Tan , Wu Song Fa
Published: June 2012

Due to great loss of energy consumption and too high temperature of exhaust in Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler, the paper investigates how to optimize and modify the primary air system. Changing the traditional way of modulating the position of adjustable plate to regulating the speed of electrical machine by frequency converter, the amount of primary air and pressure is reduced and the goal of energy-saving and consumption-decreasing is achieved.
Study on Alkaline Mass Transfer Regularity with Dissolution in Porous Media
Authors: Yang Huai Jun , Liu Wei Dong , Kou Hui Hui
Published: June 2012

Inducting dissolution speed constant and multistage reaction series to the alkaline solution transmission equation, this article established the alkaline solution transmission equation with multistage reaction dynamics in the porous media of stratum mineral and calculated one-dimensional alkaline solution concentration distribution. Experimental results verified the correctness of transmission equation, moreover, it further analyzed the alkaline solution regularity in the porous media. The model will be used to predict alkali loss, optimize alkaline solution concentration and slug size, thereby alkaline waterflooding or combination drive can obtain better displacement characteristics and improve the oil recovery.
A Compressed Air Green Storage Device Based on the Hydro-Pneumatic Conversion and its Characteristic Analysis
Authors: Li Fu Zhu , Wang Cun Tang , Guo Yu Qin , Chen Fei
Published: June 2012

Aiming to the key demands of cost, service life, environment and the time of energy storage in the energy storage technology of the distributed power generation of renewable resources, a novel compressed air green storage device based on the hydro-pneumatic conversion is put forward on the base of thermodynamics foundational principles. By the theoretical analysis for the energy cycle process of the storage device proposed, the corresponding calculation formulae are deduced for the energy storage efficiency and density under the condition of ideal gas, respectively. In addition, the changes of above index with pressure, compression ratio, and isentropic exponent are also researched. And the results show that the energy storage efficiency and density can be improved efficiently by controlling the energy conversion under the near isothermal condition so as to enhance the heat exchange capacity between the given energy storage device and its surrounding environment.
A Numerical Study on the Flow Characteristics of Opposed Impinging Jets
Authors: Qiu Shu Xia , Pang Ning
Published: June 2012

Inspired by the increasing interests on mixing effectiveness of opposed impinging jets, a numerical work is carried out to study the flow characteristics. The fluid temperature is used as a passive tracer to evaluate the mixing rate in the current mathematical models. The effect of Reynolds number on the mixing performance is discussed. Furthermore, in order to enhance the mixing efficiency and reduce the energy cost, unsteady flow pulsations are induced at the jet inlets. The numerical results indicate that the mixing efficiency can be improved by the unsteady flow pulsations via adjusting the hydrodynamics characteristics in the opposed jets.
A Simulative Study on the Impact of Physical Property Parametersupon Flow and Heat Transfer in Annular Space
Authors: Lu Qun Hui , Zheng Yang Yan , Yuan Biao
Published: June 2012

Through finite volume method, this study establishes a steady state flow and heat transfer model of a single phase flow flowing vertically upward in annular space. The model sets the inner cylinder of the annular space as a heating body with fixed heat generation rate. Flow and heat transfer boundary layers are set between the flow and the inner cylinder wall, in order to give more accurate description of momentum and heat coupling and transfer processes between the fluid and the solid near the wall. Compared with the constant physical property model, the variable physical property model, in which the fluid density, heat transfer coefficient, and viscosity change along with the temperature, has relatively lower heat transfer capacity and a little bit lower interface shear stress between the fluid and the solid heat transfer surfaces. Through the comparison between Re and Ri of the constant physical property model and the variable physical properties model, it can be concluded that the physical property changes of the fluid have gradually lower impact on flow and heat transfer processes along with the acceleration of the forced circulation of the fluid.
Experimental Research on Plasma Discharge for Induction System of Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Zhao Yu Han
Published: June 2012

Ozone combustion-supporting is an effective means of internal combustion engine energy-saving. The theory of plasma method to produce ozone is mature, and how to improve the efficiency of ozone reaction becomes the key point. The chemical reaction process under the conditions of plasma involves the physical parameters and problems of gas discharge. Withal, research on the DBD (dielectric barrier discharge) experiments is carried on. And the key factors of improving the efficiency of the reaction, such as the physical parameters of discharge uniformity and the discharge power, are examined.
Flow Phenomena in the Riser of a Circulating Fluidized Bed
Authors: Wang Sheng Dian , Wang Xue Yao , Xu Xiang , Xiao Yun Han
Published: June 2012

Numerical simulation of gas-solid two-phase flows in circulating fluidized bed is proved to be a low-cost and high-efficient method to research the instability essence of flow character. In this work, numerical simulation based on the discrete element (DEM) method is applied to analyze behaviors in a rectangular cross-section fluidized bed. The models of physical and mathematical models are introduced in detail, and the schematic of DEM method also described clearly. It indicates that the DEM method may be used as a powerful tool for the simulation of the gas-solid flow.
Footprint Analysis for Turbulent Flux Measurements over Complex Terrain on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Bao Jing , Zhang Lei , Cao Xian Jie , Liang Jie Ning , Wang Jin
Published: June 2012

To understand the spatial representation of flux measurement of the eddy covariance system in the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL), footprint was analyzed during representative seasons (summer and winter) from March 2007 to February 2011 by FSAM (Flux Source Area Model). The results indicated that wind direction and atmospheric stability have important effect on footprint. 1) The analysis at different wind directions showed that the location of the maximum footprint function (Xm) in winter was farther from the observation point than that in summer; the source area was the largest in SW, and smallest in NW in both summer and winter; the source area in summer was bigger than that in winter at all directions except for NE. 2) The analysis under different atmospheric stabilities showed that Xmwas the farthest from the observation point under stable condition and nearest under unstable condition; the source area was the largest under stable condition and smallest under unstable condition; the source area in summer was bigger than that in winter under all atmospheric stabilities. 3) Moreover, the results showed that the flux measurements of SACOL were representative of two types of topography: flat terrain and mountain terrain.
Hydrodynamic Predictions of Dense Gas-Solids Flow in CFB Riser
Authors: Wang Xue Yao , Wu Xue Zhi , Wang Sheng Dian , Xu Xiang , Xiao Yun Han
Published: June 2012

The flow character in riser is important for deep understanding the steady and high-efficient running of CFBs. In this paper, the 2D numerical simulation research for bench-scale circular cross-section riser based on EMMS methods is carried out. The solids’ transient moving profiles are captured. By analyzing the axial solids concentration profiles by simulation and experimental methods, the practicability of the EMMS model is verified.
Parallel Algorithms for Compressible Turbulent Flow Simulation Using Direct Numerical Method
Authors: Li De Bo , Xu Qi Sheng , Shen Yue Liang , Wen Zhi Yong , Liu Ya Ming
Published: June 2012

In this study, SPMD parallel computation of compressible turbulent jet flow with an explicit finite difference method by direct numerical method is performed on the IBM Linux Cluster. The conservation equations, boundary conditions including NSCBC (charactering boundary conditions), grid generation method, and the solving processing are carefully presented in order to give other researchers a clear understanding of the large scale parallel computing of compressible turbulent flows using explicit finite difference method, which is scarce in the literatures. The speedup factor and parallel computational efficiency are presented with different domain decomposition methods. In order to use our explicit finite method for large scale parallel computing, the grid size imposed on each processor, the speedup factor, and the efficiency factor should be carefully chosen in order to design an efficient parallel code. Our newly developed parallel code is quite efficient from that of implicit finite difference method or spectral method on parallel computational efficiency. This is quite useful for future research for gas and particle two-phase flow, which is still a problem for highly efficient code for two-phase parallel computing.
The Effects of Different Relative Humidity with Low Temperature on Skin Physiology
Authors: Chen Ho Cheng , Po Chih Chang , Lin Shu Cheng , Hong Wei Chin
Published: June 2012

People always experience different humidity and temperature in very short span of time. Therefore, people can adapt themselves to the changes of environment by their physiological changes. Many studies had showed that relative humidity (RH) affects thermal regulatory process. However, there is no related research showing the effects of different humidity with low temperature on skin physiology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different RH with low temperature on skin physiology. Twenty subjects were selected for this study. All subjects stayed a chamber in 60% RH ands 24°C for 30minutes, and then moved to a chamber of 60% RH and 10°C on the first day. The second day, the combination of the chamber changed to 90% RH and 10°C. Skin temperature and skin water content were tested very minutes from the beginning to the 20th minute. The conclusions indicated that lower RH would induce lower skin temperature. Gender was not a factor to influence the skin temperature on different RH. Skin water content may not easily changed in a short span of time.
The Analysis of Environmental Safety in Preparing Superfine Powder
Authors: Xu Jian Lin , Xi Guo Qiang , Jiang Yong Bo , Wang Jia , Zhang Yu Fan , Ran Fen , Niu Lei
Published: June 2012

With the continuous development of superfine powder industry and the application scope, the environmental safety of superfine powder preparation has been getting more and more attention. This article discusses the possible pollution source causing hazards to environmental safety and put forwards some corresponding control measures by analyzing the production factors in the process of super fine power preparation.
Application of Logistic Regression for Land Suitability Assessment of Torreya Plantation in Kuaiji Mountain, East China
Authors: Wang Xiao Ming , Zhou Ben Zhi
Published: June 2012

Chinese torreya (Torreya grandis Merrillii) is a rare cash crop tree endemic to China. Ecologically sustainable management of Chinese torreya has been hindered by the lack of essential information such as land suitability assessment. In this study, we developed a logistic model based on a series of environmental features to predict land suitability of Torreya plantation, and evaluated its spatial distribution characteristics. The results showed that the acreage of the high and moderate suitable zone for Chinese torreya planting accounted for 61.7% of the total area, and those areas with slopes less than 30°, altitudes between 400-600 m, and soil organic mater content larger than 3% could be identified as the most suitable region for this rare plant.
Study on Extraction and Identification of PHB from H2 Production Fermentation Residue by Photosynthetic Bacteria
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhou Xue Hua , Hu Jian Jun , Zhang Quan Guo
Published: June 2012

In this paper, poly β-hydroxy butyrate (PHB) was extracted from H2 production fermentation residue of photosynthetic bacteria, the best separation and extracted conditions was optimized, the interaction of different factors affecting the extraction rate of the PHB was analyzed, the molecular weight and the purity of extracted PHB were also studied. The results showed that the best method of cell broken were multi-bead shaker for 10 minutes, then boiled and frozen broken at -5°C; With chloroform and ethanol extracting PHB, the best extracted conditions were extracted temperature 40°C, extracted time 90 min, PHB production could reached 7.6% of dry cell weight, the purity of PHB reached 88.2%; Using response surface method analysis the correlation of different factors affecting PHB extraction rate, extracted pH value was the most significant factor, followed by cell concentration, and extracted temperature was the weakest factor, the best extracted conditions calculated were extracted pH value 8.2, cell concentration 475mg /L, extracted temperature 44°C, the maximum extracted rate of PHB reach 8.13% of cell dry weight; The molecular weight of extracted PHB samples among 0.36~0.45×106 daltons, GC analysis showed that the relative peak area ratio of extracted PHB sample and standard was 0.96:1, the purity was coincident with the standard PHB to meet the industrial application requirements.
Control Unit Zoning for Liaohe River Basin in Liaoning Province Based on GIS
Authors: Wang Jian , Yu Ying Tan , Li Fa Yun , Hou Wei , Hu Cheng , Tang Da Yuan , Zhang Yuan , Feng Yong Xin
Published: June 2012

Control units are the management districts for water environment management on river basin. The control unit zoning is the necessary process relating the watershed management to pollution discharge reducing. Control units for Liaohe river basin in Liaoning province were zoned and adjusted based on GIS technology. The control units were suggested to be classified into 5 first level control units, 56 secondary level control units and 97 third level control units. Meanwhile, the information system of control units for Liaohe river basin in Liaoning Province was designed and developed with GIS component technology, which could provide the decision support on the information management of control units, the protection of water resources, total amount control of pollutant, and scientific planning of water environment management for Liaohe river basin in Liaoning Province.
Damage Assessment of Service Industry Caused by Songhuajiang River Pollution Incident
Authors: Hou Yu , Zhang Tian Zhu
Published: June 2012

Taking Songhuajiang River pollution accident as an example, the paper analyzes all aspects of damage for service industry and proposes the damage assessment methods. The economic losses are estimated finally.
Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals Pollution in Sediments of Beijiang River
Authors: Zhang Hui , Gao Min , Song Ai Ming , Zhao Jia Jia , Song Ming Wei
Published: June 2012

As a result of rapid economic development and urbanization, water pollution and degradation of aquatic ecosystems have caused massive damage to the functions and integrity of water resources. The Hakanson potential ecological risk index method for heavy metals toxicity assessment have been used to estimate the ecological risk of Heavy Metals Pollution in Sediments of Beijiang River. The results shows that the average concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr, Hg in sediments is 59.72, 111.29, 218.93, 15.52, 5.70, 5.70 mg/kg, 0.32ug/kg respectively. The content of Hakanson potential ecological risk index of diﬀerent heavy metals could be shown as Cd> Pb> Cu> Zn> Ni> Cr> Hg. Heavy metals in several samples of the sediments have posed a serious threat on the ecosystem.
Measurement and Evaluation of Annual Daylighting Performance of an Exist School in Hot and Arid Regions of Iran
Authors: Bemanian Mohammad Reza , Feyzmand Neda , Tahbaz Mansoureh
Published: June 2012

Daylighting is one of the important environmental factors that its proper design not only can drastically reduce energy consumption, but also creates healthier learning environments that may result in increased attendance and improved grades. Both the quantity and the quality of daylight in building are important parameters that designer must consider. The aim of this research is to develop an extended daylighting evaluation in educational spaces of the school buildings in hot and arid region of Iran. In this paper a survey of observation, geometric determination of devices and the results of measurements of daylight levels in classrooms in "Kashan" that are coordinated by “Iran school Organization of renovation and development” typical form, are mentioned. All the research analyses have been done based on the classrooms models comparison through the computational simulations. Finally the problems were determined and comparison of results was discussed.
Post-Evaluation of the Ecological and Environmental Impact of Water Diversion Project in the Low Reaches of Heihe River
Authors: Wang Gui Zhi , Tang De Shan
Published: June 2012

Since 2001, Heihe River began to carry out the project of water transforming, which caused certain effect in the ecology and environment of the whole basin. Analyzing the change of climate, the ground water, the typical plant growth and the oasis area in nearly 10 years, master the impact of water diversion to the downstream ecology and environment. It shows that the implement of the project of water transforming has decreased the desertification area, expanded the oasis area and kept down the trend of decline of a water table, the populus diversifolia and other vegetation began to recover and grow. The water diversion of Heihe River acquired preferably ecological effect; the local environment has made great improvement.
Research and Application of Urban Ecotope Assistant Decision-Making Model
Authors: Dong Li Li , Yao Fei Fei , Jiang Yi , Lv Yong Tao
Published: June 2012

According to the present situation that the urban ecotope assistant decision-making method is limited to qualitative analysis, this paper intends to explore a way to combine quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis, in order to make objective and accurate decision-making, take the research on assistant decision-making method a step further. The urban ecotope sustainable development indicators system (UESDIS) is structured. There are three-layer, four dimensions and thirteen individual indicators in the UESDIS. And on that basis, the weight of UESDIS is confirmed by AHP-Entropy model, the qualitative analysis is transformed into quantitative analysis. Then combined the impulse process method, the urban ecotope assistant decision-making model is constructed. At the same time, in order to achieve the purpose of assistant decision making, the planning conditions are deeply analyzed and then the development trend of ecosystem factors are got. Also, the application of the model is shown by specific examples.
Some Institutional Barriers in the Application of Transport Strategic Environmental Assessment in China
Authors: Bai Hong Tao , Zhu Zhi Xi , Xu He , Wang Hui Zhi , Liang Guang Qiang
Published: June 2012

For the past six years, transport SEA has been subject to urban transport plans and road network plans in China. However, there are still limited literatures on transport SEA within the specific context of China. This paper firstly overviews the development of transport SEA, with the focus on the legislation, theoretic researches, approaches and case studies related to the implementation. Followed is a case study from Hubei province to demonstrate the general framework of a typical transport SEA practice in China. Some of the main findings and lessons learned from this SEA process are discussed. Key focuses are to consider the lack of engagement in environmental issue, limited access to good data, lack of transparency in the SEA process and limited traditions for formal consultation process. Finally, several recommendations on the decision-making process, institutional analysis and stakeholder are also proposed to improve the transport SEA process in China.
Study on Environment Amenity of Changchun
Authors: Bo Fu
Published: June 2012

Because of the continuous deterioration of urban ecological environment and the increasingly scarcity of comfortable environment, amenity became the core goal of human residence and urban development. The study on environment amenity of Changchun in this paper was conducted from natural and social amenity. Data of different sources and scales were integrated and processed synthetically by taking GIS and RS as technical means. The results showed that the study area was in good station of the natural environment amenity and the areas with higher scores than the average level accounted for 47.79%; the social amenity of the study area was moderate and the areas with higher scores than the average level accounted for 39.85%; the general score of environment amenity was 0.461 and the areas with higher scores than the average level accounted for 38.33%.
Study on Environmental Impact Assessment in Land Use Planning of Ganzhou Borough Based on DPSIR Model
Authors: Shi Pei Ji , Zhao Zheng , Chen Ying , Sun Hui Hui
Published: June 2012

Based on Ganzhou land use planning, analysis issues through forecasting and evaluation of Ganzhou, combined with the environmental impact assessment technical guidelines, proposed the DPSIR evaluation system of Ganzhou borough, and use years from 2001 to 2010 and forecast of the year 2020, the base maps and data to evaluation of Ganzhou with the DPSIR model, the corresponding conclusions and countermeasures. Aims to make the appropriate planning guidance, and play a positive promoting role.
Study on the Regional Environmental Carrying Capacity
Authors: Tian Jing Yi , Zhang Wen Jie , Huang Li Hua
Published: June 2012

The regional Environmental carrying capacity is the support base to achieve the coordinated development between the regional economy, the society and the environment, which is an important criterion to judge whether the strength of resources development is coordinated with the Environmental carrying capacity and that is also a prerequisite to develop the regional ecological planning. In this paper, the index system of Environmental carrying capacity has been established by taking Huludao Economic Development Zone as the example. At the same time, the dynamic characterization parameters of regional environmental carrying capacity have been also introduced--- the concept and the econometric model of the relative surplus rate of regional environmental　carrying capacity. It is calculated that the surplus rate of the regional integrated environmental carrying capacity is 0.039, which has provided the basis for developing the ecological planning of Huludao Economic Development Zone.
Study on Urban Environmental Carrying Capacity Based on an Inexact Fuzzy Multiobjective Programming Model
Authors: Li Xiang Mei
Published: June 2012

To determine the essence of the environmental carrying capacity (ECC), namely “threshold value of the human activities”, the paper established the optimization model of ECC using an inexact fuzzy multiobjective programming (IFMOP) method. It was solved to obtain the scale of economy, the size of the population, chemical oxygen demand (COD), sulfur dioxide emissions, and water and energy consumption using LINGO software in Wuhan city. Results showed that the available energy is the bottleneck restricting the economic development. And the available water resources and environmental capacity of sulfur dioxide played strong limit role. In the end, suggestion was proposed to further improve the Wuhan general urban planning.
Risk Degree Assessment of Natural Disasters in China Using Set Pair Analysis Method
Authors: Xie Yun Xia , Wang Wen Sheng
Published: June 2012

It is a critical issue to assess risk degree of natural disasters in China. Firstly the assessment indexes and assessment standard grades of natural disasters risk degree are established, then comes up with a new approach to assess risk degree of natural disasters: Set Pair Analysis Method (SPAM), finally acquires the risk degree grades of Chinese natural disasters based on SPAM. The SPAM takes the fuzzy of grade standards into full account, and is simple in concept and easy in calculation and application. The results of evaluation about Chinese natural disasters risk degree are credible.
Distribution and Sources of PAHS and Sediment Properties in Southern Taiwan
Authors: Chiu Chun Yen , Lee Wei Lun , Chung Chung Yi , Gau Hwa Sheng , Lai Wen Liang , Liao Shao Wei
Published: June 2012

Abstract. The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and surface sediment properties were analyzed from 31 locations in Dapeng Bay and neighboring rivers (Kaoping River, Tungkang River and Lingbeng River), southern Taiwan. Principal component factor analysis (PCFA) was performed to explain the latent factors and spatial variations of sediment quality. And canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) was applied to identify the source of pollution of Dapeng Bay from neighboring rivers. The results show that the most important latent factors in Dapeng Bay and neighboring rivers on wet seasons are the soil texture caused factor, the PAHs caused factor, and the nutrient caused factor. Contour maps incorporating the factor scores showed phenanthrene (Phn) and pyrene (Pyr) of PAHs had the highest content at the entrance of the northern side of the lagoon. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) had the highest content located in mid-section of the Kaoping River and in Dapeng Bay. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphate (TP) had the highest content located in the last-section of Tungkang River. And CDA shows that sediment quality in Dapeng Bay was not similar to the other three rivers.
Release of Nitrogen from Sediments in Different Types of Lakes
Authors: Sha Qian , He Jun , Zhang Wei Hao
Published: June 2012

This study simulated nitrogen release from different types of urban lakes, including South Lake and two sub-lakes of East Lake, Guozheng Lake and Miao Lake. The results showed that nitrogen release from the sediments of different polluted lakes under anaerobic conditions. It is necessary to maintain dissolved oxygen at a high level to suppress the nitrogen release. Under anaerobic conditions, higher temperatures can significantly improve the release of total nitrogen and ammonia in different types of lakes, but the promoting effect is different. The higher concentration gradient between sediments and overlying water, the greater release will happen. Ammonia has large contribution to the total nitrogen in all types of lakes. Reducing ammonia nitrogen is effective to control nitrogen release in the lake.
The Measurements of Ultrasonic Cavitation Based on the Image Processing
Authors: Zhu Chang Ping , Liu Jing , Liu Chang Wei , Han Qing Bang , Huang Bo , Shan Ming Lei , Tang Yi Bin , Ni Cai Hua
Published: June 2012

Ultrasonic intensity has a great influence on the concentration of cavitation bubbles. Considering the characteristic of cavitation, in this paper, we propose a method of measuring the amount of cavitation bubbles to identify the change of cavitation intensity indirectly. First, acquires images of reaction liquid under the action of the certain power ultrasonic through machine vision technology; then, obtains micro bubbles quantity generated by ultrasonic cavitation; finally, establish the mathematical model between cavitation intensity and amount of cavitation bubbles to indirectly detect the change of ultrasonic cavitation intensity.
Response of Ecosystem Service Values to Environmental Change in the Bohai Sea
Authors: Suo An Ning , Pan Xu Bin , Zhao Jian Hua , Yu Yong Hai
Published: June 2012

Since 1988, great changes of primary production, pollutants loading, coastline and sea area have happened in the Bohai Sea in China. These environmental changes increased the value of marine ecosystem services value from 529.42 billion RMB in 1988 to 558.83 billion RMB in 2010. The ecosystem services values of recreation, food and materials production, O2 supply, climate regulation and primary productivity were raised. However, other marine ecosystem services value, including biological control, pollutant purification, knowledge broaden and biodiversity protection were lowered. In addition, value of ecosystem services increased in Liaodong Bay and Bohai Bay, but decreased in middle Bohai and Bohai strait, and it no change in Laizhou Bay,.This spatial difference of ecosystem service function value was mainly caused by the change of recreation function, O2 supply function and climate regulation function.
Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography for the Determination of Orthochlorophenol in Environmental Water Samples
Authors: Yang Ying Chun , Sun Qian , Yi Chong Shu , Ye Zhi Xiang , Mo Li
Published: June 2012

A rapid and effective method, the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME) with gas chromatography, has been developed for the extraction and determination of OCP in environmental water samples. The factors relevant to the efficiency of DLLME were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, such as 150μL of dichloromethane as extraction solvent, 1.2 mL acetone as dispersive agent, 8 minutes extraction time, and without salt addition, the linear response of this method was in the range of 0.5～5000μg L−1 (r = 0.9981), the relative standard deviation (RSD) for 500μg L−1 and 1000μg L−1 of OCP was 5.2% and 12.6% (n = 6), respectively. The detection limit (3σ) was 0.08 μg L−1. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of OCP in three kinds of real environmental water samples, the spiked recoveries were in the range of 87.4%～108.0%.
Release and Transformation of Nitrogen from Sediments during In Situ Treatment with Calcium Nitrate Injection for Odor Control
Authors: Yu Guang Wei , Lin Pei Zhen , Chong Yun Xiao , Shang Zhong Bin , Wei Ran
Published: June 2012

Sediments sampled from the Pearl River tributary inlet, with seriously black and odor problem, was treated with calcium nitrate injection in the river simulator. During the course, release and transformation of nitrogen from sediments was investigated. The results showed that calcium nitrate injection is one kind of feasible approaches for sediments odor control. Removal rate of sulfide in sediments reached up to 99% in a month, the color of sediments turned to light brown from black, and the odor disappeared. However, release of NH4+-N and NO3--N was accelerated with calcium nitrate injection, the maximum release concentration of NH4-N and NO3-N was close to 48 mg/L and 417.4 mg/L with injecting dosing of 8%(W/W, dry-weight). Furthermore, continued aeration to overlying water seemed not to be a good way for NO3-N removal. Contrastively, under low DO condition, both concentration of NH4-N and NO3-N took increasing-decrease trends. In this work, TN concentration decreased from 97.7 mg/L to 27.4 mg/L. That is, by maintaining low DO concentration in sediment-water interface, the extra release of nitrogen caused by calcium nitrate injection could be well controlled.
Application of Iridium Communication in Marine Environment Monitoring
Authors: Huang Rui , Zhang Yong Hong
Published: June 2012

Firstly, the Iridium system and SBD (Short Burst Data) service is introduced. Secondly, the marine environment monitoring system is designed based on Iridium SBD. Finally, the realization of the Iridium SBD transmission subsystem is provided. The main function of the system is to obtain the collected data by the underwater sensor. The information will be uploaded to local control center by iridium communication after fixed time. At the same time the sensor should receive commands from local control center by iridium communication.
Estimation on Emission of Nonpoint Source Pollution of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Different Catchments of the Chaohu Lake Basin, China
Authors: Wu Li , Wang Xin Yuan , Zhu Cheng , Li Feng , Li Su Yuan
Published: June 2012

In order to estimate nonpoint source pollution loading of the Chaohu Lake Basin, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus of sediment, soil and water samples in five typical sub-catchments have been measured. Combining with routine monitoring data of the five sub-catchments of the Chaohu Lake, emission of nonpoint source pollution from these catchments were described and estimated with the reformative practical-mean concentration method. The results indicated that nonpoint source pollution contributed 79 % total phosphorus and 58 % total nitrogen to total loading. Thus, nonpoint source pollution was the primary cause of degrading water quality of the Chaohu Lake. The total nitrogen and total phosphorus were mainly from Hangbu-fengle River and Nanfei-dianbu River. Therefore, among five effluents of the Chaohu Lake, Hangbu-fengle River and Nanfei-dianbu River were the dominant sources for degrading water quality of the Chaohu Lake.
Investigation of Heavy Metal Pollution Elucidated from Biomonitoring along Lianyungang Coast
Authors: Zhang Cun Yong
Published: June 2012

To evaluate the marine heavy metal pollution, Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr of bivalves and fishes collected from cultivating areas and natural catching along Lianyungang coastal waters were analyzed. Results show that Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd were present in the marine organisms except Cr below the detection limits. The content of Pb of bivalves from cultivating areas and that of bivalves and fishes from natural catching exceeded the standards, while the rest was below the prescribed legal limit, indicating that Pb has become the potential health risks. Anthropogenic activities may have introduced significant amounts of Pb into the marine environment.
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Square-Wave Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Aqueous Antimony (III) Ion
Authors: Guo Yao Guang , Yan Wei , Lou Xiao Yi , Xiao Dong Xue , Zhai Ping , Zhao Guang Chao , Zhang Wu Gang , Huang Peng , Wang Zhao Hui , Liu Jian She
Published: June 2012

A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for electrochemical square-wave stripping voltammetric (SWV) determination of antimony (III) was introduced. Various experimental parameters, such as the amounts of carbon nanotubes, the deposition potential and time, the electrolyte solution, etc, were thoroughly optimized and discussed. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the MWCNTs-modified GCE exhibited well linear behaviour in the antimony(III) concentration range from 0.04 to 0.26 mg/L (R=0.9983) with a detection limit of 3.20×10-4 mg/L (S/N=3) under a 360 s accumulation. The proposed electrode also exhibited encouraging properties for measurements of simulated water samples.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Heavy Metals Contents and Releasing of Dahuangpu Wetland Sediment
Authors: Yu Jing Jie , Sun Li Ping , Zhong Yuan , Pang Guo Lin , Wang Shao Po , Zhang Zhi Mou
Published: June 2012

Dahuangpu Wetland is the nature reserve of Tianjin City. The nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals contents and releasing of sediment in Dahuangpu Natural Wetland were studied in this paper. The results indicated that the contents of TN and TP in the wetland sediment were lower than the Lowest Effect Level (LEL) in the Guidelines for the Protection and Management of Aquatic Sediment Quality in Ontario, Canada (PSQGs), which means the sediment had no great eco-toxicity on dwelling organisms. Meanwhile the contents of heavy metals, namely Cr, As, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cu, Hg and Cd, in Dahuangpu Wetland sediment were lower than LEL of PSQGs and lower than primary standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995). Moreover the influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals releasing on wetland water qualities were trivial.