bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Follistatin‐controlled activin‐HNF4α‐coagulation factor axis in liver progenitor cells determines outcome of acute liver failure
Authors: Lin Tao , Wang Shanshan , Munker Stefan , Jung Kyounghwa , Macías‐Rodríguez Ricardo U. , Ruiz‐Margáin Astrid , Schierwagen Robert , Liu Hui , Shao Chen , Fan Chunlei , Feng Rilu , Yuan Xiaodong , Wang Sai , Wandrer Franziska , Meyer Christoph , Wimmer Ralf , Liebe Roman , Kroll Jens , Zhang Long , Schiergens Tobias , ten Dijke Peter , Teufel Andreas , Marx Alexander , Mertens Peter R. , Wang Hua , Ebert Matthias P.A. , Bantel Heike , N. De Toni Enrico , Trebicka Jonel , Dooley Steven , Shin Donghun , Ding Huiguo , Weng Hong‐Lei
Published: August 2021

Background and Aims

In patients with acute liver failure (ALF) who suffer from massive hepatocyte loss, liver progenitor cells (LPCs) take over key hepatocyte functions, which ultimately determines survival. This study investigated how the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), its regulators, and targets in LPCs determines clinical outcome of patients with ALF.

Approach and Results

Clinicopathological associations were scrutinized in 19 patients with ALF (9 recovered and 10 receiving liver transplantation). Regulatory mechanisms between follistatin, activin, HNF4α, and coagulation factor expression in LPC were investigated in vitro and in metronidazole‐treated zebrafish. A prospective clinical study followed up 186 patients with cirrhosis for 80 months to observe the relevance of follistatin levels in prevalence and mortality of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure. Recovered patients with ALF robustly express HNF4α in either LPCs or remaining hepatocytes. As in hepatocytes, HNF4α controls the expression of coagulation factors by binding to their promoters in LPC. HNF4α expression in LPCs requires the forkhead box protein H1–Sma and Mad homolog 2/3/4 transcription factor complex, which is promoted by the TGF‐β superfamily member activin. Activin signaling in LPCs is negatively regulated by follistatin, a hepatocyte‐derived hormone controlled by insulin and glucagon. In contrast to patients requiring liver transplantation, recovered patients demonstrate a normal activin/follistatin ratio, robust abundance of the activin effectors phosphorylated Sma and Mad homolog 2 and HNF4α in LPCs, leading to significantly improved coagulation function. A follow‐up study indicated that serum follistatin levels could predict the incidence and mortality of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure.

Conclusions

These results highlight a crucial role of the follistatin‐controlled activin‐HNF4α‐coagulation axis in determining the clinical outcome of massive hepatocyte loss‐induced ALF. The effects of insulin and glucagon on follistatin suggest a key role of the systemic metabolic state in ALF.
Detection of Hepatitis B Virus–Host Junction Sequences in Urine of Infected Patients
Authors: Lin Selena Y. , Su Yih‐Ping , Trauger Evan R. , Song Benjamin P. , Thompson Emilie G.C. , Hoffman Malcolm C. , Chang Ting‐Tsung , Lin Yih‐Jyh , Kao Yu‐Lan , Cui Yixiao , Hann Hie‐Won , Park Grace , Shieh Fwu‐Shan , Song Wei , Su Ying‐Hsiu
Published: August 2021

Integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, found in more than 85% of HBV‐associated hepatocellular carcinomas (HBV‐HCCs), can play a significant role in HBV‐related liver disease progression. HBV‐host junction sequences (HBV‐JSs), created through integration events, have been used to determine HBV‐HCC clonality. Here, we investigate the feasibility of analyzing HBV integration in a noninvasive urine liquid biopsy. Using an HBV‐targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) assay, we first identified HBV‐JSs in eight HBV‐HCC tissues and designed short‐amplicon junction‐specific polymerase chain reaction assays to detect HBV‐JSs in matched urine. We detected and validated tissue‐derived junctions in five of eight matched urine samples. Next, we screened 32 urine samples collected from 25 patients infected with HBV (5 with hepatitis, 10 with cirrhosis, 4 with HCC, and 6 post‐HCC). Encouragingly, all 32 urine samples contained HBV‐JSs detectable by HBV‐targeted NGS. Of the 712 total HBV‐JSs detected in urine, 351 were in gene‐coding regions, 11 of which, including TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase), had previously been reported as recurrent integration sites in HCC tissue and were found only in the urine patients with cirrhosis or HCC. The integration breakpoints of HBV DNA detected in urine were found predominantly (~70%) at a previously identified integration hotspot, HBV DR1‐2 (down‐regulator of transcription 1‐2). Conclusion: HBV viral–host junction DNA can be detected in urine of patients infected with HBV. This study demonstrates the potential for a noninvasive urine liquid biopsy of integrated HBV DNA to monitor patients infected with HBV for HBV‐associated liver diseases and the efficacy of antiviral therapy.
WNT7B Regulates Cholangiocyte Proliferation and Function During Murine Cholestasis
Authors: Kosar Karis , Cornuet Pamela , Singh Sucha , Lee Elizabeth , Liu Silvia , Gayden Jenesis , Sato Toshifumi , Freyberg Zachary , Arteel Gavin , Nejak‐Bowen Kari
Published: August 2021

We previously identified an up‐regulation of specific Wnt proteins in the cholangiocyte compartment during cholestatic liver injury and found that mice lacking Wnt secretion from hepatocytes and cholangiocytes showed fewer proliferating cholangiocytes and high mortality in response to a 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet, a murine model of primary sclerosing cholangitis. In vitro studies demonstrated that Wnt7b, one of the Wnts up‐regulated during cholestasis, induces proliferation of cholangiocytes in an autocrine manner and increases secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that loss of Wnt7b may exacerbate some of the complications of cholangiopathies by decreasing the ability of bile ducts to induce repair. Wnt7b‐flox mice were bred with Krt19‐cre mice to deplete Wnt7b expression in only cholangiocytes (CC) or with albumin‐Cre mice to delete Wnt7b expression in both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes (HC + CC). These mice were placed on a DDC diet for 1 month then killed for evaluation. Contrary to our expectations, we found that mice lacking Wnt7b from CC and HC + CC compartments had improved biliary injury, decreased cellular senescence, and lesser bile acid accumulation after DDC exposure compared to controls, along with decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Although Wnt7b knockout (KO) resulted in fewer proliferating cholangiocytes, CC and HC + CC KO mice on a DDC diet also had more hepatocytes expressing cholangiocyte markers compared to wild‐type mice on a DDC diet, indicating that Wnt7b suppression promotes hepatocyte reprogramming. Conclusion: Wnt7b induces a proproliferative proinflammatory program in cholangiocytes, and its loss is compensated for by conversion of hepatocytes to a biliary phenotype during cholestatic injury.
Logic devices based on nucleic acid self‐assembly
Authors: Xu Xuehui , Shang Yingxu , Liu Fengsong , Jiang Qiao , Ding Baoquan
Published: August 2021

Nucleic acids are natural macromolecules with the ability to store and transmit information based on the strict base‐pairing principle. Beyond the natural nucleic acid double helixes, various DNA/RNA nanostructures with customized geometries and functionalities have been fabricated. Featured with programmability and sequence‐dependent responsiveness, DNA/RNA nanostructures have been employed for the rational design and construction of logic devices. When stimulated by internal molecular triggers and/or external stimuli, these logic gate devices can operate at nanoscale level in complex biological environments, performing logic operations and producing corresponding outputs. In this minireview, we summarize the recent advances of nucleic acid logic devices, which are responsive to various stimuli, including DNA/RNA strands, metal ions, small molecules, peptides, proteins, photo‐irradiation, pH changes, and so forth. The applications of these devices in biosensing and biofunction regulation are also included. In the last part of the present study, we discuss the remaining challenges and perspectives of nucleic acid logic devices.

image
Property‐oriented basis sets for computation of atomization energies
Authors: García Victor , Zorrilla David , Fernández Manuel , Sánchez‐Márquez Jesús
Published: August 2021

The SBO4‐DZ(d,p)‐3G basis sets introduced in a previous paper have been modified to improve their performance in the calculation of the atomization energies of organic molecules (pure or substituted hydrocarbons). The first step was to explore the possibility of improving those basis sets by adding a second D shell. The scale factor for an additional “D‐3G” shell was first studied by minimizing the total energies. In a second step, the scale factor was calculated by optimizing atomization energies directly (instead total energies). This way the results obtained were very similar to those of the cc‐pV5Z basis sets. Finally, we optimized simplified box orbital (SBO) basis sets for different methods obtaining optimal SBO basis sets for HF, DFTs, and MP2.
Synthesis, characterization, theoretical study and biological activity studies of the mercury (II) complexes of 5‐methyl‐5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐hydantoin
Authors: Vatannavaz Leila , Sabounchei Seyyed Javad , Sedghi Asieh , Karamian Roya , Farida Seyed Hamed Moazzami , Rahmani Nosrat
Published: August 2021

New complexes of 5‐methyl‐5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐hydantoin (L) with HgX2 (X = Cl−, Br−, and I−) were synthesized and characterized by several means including Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), mass, CHN, and Energy Dispersive X‐ray analysis. The spectroscopic data verified the coordination of (L) to the Hg (II) metal centers from the oxygen atom of the carbonyl functional group. The resulting data show that the prepared complexes (1), (2), and (3) have a monodentate coordination mode to metal center and structures showing X‐bridged dimers. The cytotoxicity of the prepared complexes was investigated against cancer cell lines including MCF‐7 (breast), A549 (lung), and AGS (gastric) adenocarcinoma cells. The obtained data showed that complexes (1) and (2) represent a higher cytotoxic effect against the tested cells. Also, the antioxidant behavior study displayed notable antioxidant potencies for complexes (1) and (2) in comparison with ascorbic acid, as a standard. Also, for the theoretical study, density functional theory calculations at the BP86/def2‐SVP level of theory were applied. The strength and nature of donor−acceptor bonds between (L) and Hg fragments in the system of [L → HgX2]2 were performed by the use of the natural bond orbital analysis, energy decomposition analysis, and their natural orbitals for chemical valence variation.
Eriobotrya japonica assisted green synthesis of g‐C3N4 nanocomposites and its exceptional photoactivities for doxycycline and rhodamine B degradation with mechanism insight
Authors: Khan Shoaib , Wan Chunpeng , Chen Jinyin , Khan Iltaf , Luo Mingsheng , Wang Chunjuan
Published: August 2021

In this novel research work, for the first time, green g‐C3N4 nanocomposites have been synthesized by utilizing Eriobotrya japonica as a stabilizer and mediator. Based on DRS absorbance spectra, TGA, fluorescence spectra related to •OH amount, photoelectrochemical curves, TPD, and BET results, it has been confirmed the Eriobotrya japonica mediated green g‐C3N4 (G‐CNS) nanosheets are efficient, stable, and more than 2.4 times enhancement in activities as compared with conventional chemically synthesized g‐C3N4 nanosheets. In order to further improve the performance, the as‐synthesized green g‐C3N4 was modified with SnO2 nanosheets. Our results confirmed that coupling of SnO2 nanosheets prolonged the lifetime of charge carriers and provided catalytic function. Compared with pristine G‐CNS, the photocatalytic activity of the resulting 5SO/G‐CNS improved by 2.3 and 2.6 times, for doxycycline and rhodamine B degradation, respectively. In addition, the possible photodegradation pathway for doxycycline and RhB mineralization is proposed. Finally, this novel work will provide a new platform for the efficient green synthesis of g‐C3N4 based nanocomposite and its utilization for environmental remediation.
Clinical response of vedolizumab at week 6 predicted endoscopic remission at week 24 in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Saito Daisuke , Matsuura Minoru , Ozaki Ryo , Tokunaga Sotaro , Minowa Shintaro , Mitsui Tatsuya , Miura Miki , Sakuraba Akihito , Hayashida Mari , Miyoshi Jun , Hisamatsu Tadakazu
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim

Vedolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits the migration of gut‐homing memory T cells into the intestinal submucosa by antagonizing the interaction of α4β7 integrin with MAdCAM‐1. Vedolizumab is employed for ulcerative colitis with moderate to severe activity; however, predictors of its clinical efficacy have not been established in real‐world clinical practice. We investigated the clinical characteristics predicting vedolizumab efficacy.

Methods

This was a single‐center, retrospective, observational study that enrolled patients with ulcerative colitis at Kyorin University Hospital. Fifty‐two consecutive patients who started vedolizumab induction therapy and were tracked for minimum 14 weeks between August 2018 and February 2021 were included. Clinical and endoscopic disease activities were scored at baseline and at weeks 2, 6, and 14 with the Lichtiger index and at baseline and week 24 with the Mayo endoscopic subscore, respectively. Clinical remission, clinical response, and endoscopic remission were defined as Lichtiger index of ≤3, Lichtiger index of ≤10 with a reduction of minimum 3 points from baseline, and Mayo endoscopic subscore of ≤1, respectively.

Results

In these cases, clinical response/remission rates at weeks 2, 6, and 14 were 26.9%/15.3%, 50.0%/46.3%, and 57.6%/50.0%, respectively. The endoscopic remission rate at week 24 was 60%. The clinical response at week 6 was significantly associated with endoscopic remission at week 24 after starting vedolizumab.

Conclusions

In vedolizumab treatment for ulcerative colitis, the clinical response at week 6 can be a predictor for endoscopic remission at week 24.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the incidence of dengue fever in Peru
Authors: Plasencia‐Dueñas Rubí , Failoc‐Rojas Virgilio E. , Rodriguez‐Morales Alfonso J.
Published: August 2021

Dengue virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 coexist in dengue‐endemic countries; therefore, the adoption of preventive measures is essential to control the spread of both viruses. We conducted an ecological study to compare the temporal patterns of the incidence of dengue before and during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Peru. A time‐series analysis comparing the incidence of dengue using a Student's t test with variance correction was performed. Poisson regression was applied to determine the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of dengue before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The incidence of dengue was found to be increased in all endemic regions of Peru during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with the highest incidences registered in Ica (IRR = 90.14), Huánuco (IRR = 38.6), and Ucayali (IRR = 23.78), with the exception of Piura (IRR = 0.83). The highest increases in the number of dengue cases per million inhabitants were in Ucayali (393.38), Tumbes (233.19), Ica (166.08), and Loreto (129.93). The gradient of dengue cases was positive in all endemic regions during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The number of dengue cases per million increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic throughout Peru and in several endemic regions, with the exception of Piura.
Baseline periodontal status and modifiable risk factors are associated with tooth loss over a 10‐year period: Estimates of population attributable risk in a Japanese community
Authors: Furuta Michiko , Takeuchi Kenji , Takeshita Toru , Shibata Yukie , Suma Shino , Kageyama Shinya , Asakawa Mikari , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Hata Jun , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Yamashita Yoshihisa
Published: August 2021

Background

This study aimed to examine whether modifiable risk factors can predict tooth loss over 10 years and estimate population attributable risk (PAR) for a combination of modifiable factors.

Methods

This longitudinal study included 1466 participants who underwent dental examinations in 2007 and 2017 and were aged 40 to 79 years at baseline. Periodontal conditions were assessed using the 2018 periodontal classification. Incident tooth loss was defined as ≥4 teeth lost over a 10‐year period. We calculated the partial PAR (pPAR%) for tooth loss to estimate the combined effect of modifiable risk factors.

Results

Incidence of tooth loss was 17.5%. Directed acyclic graphs were used to identify risk factors for tooth loss. A logistic regression model showed that baseline periodontitis, dental caries experience, no regular dental visit, periodontal treatment, smoking, and obesity were associated with tooth loss after adjusting for covariates; pPAR% was 55.5% (95% confidence interval: 31.1% to 73.0%) in periodontitis Stage III to IV and 87.6% (50.4% to 97.4%) in the combination of all factors, respectively. The sex‐stratified analysis showed that smoking and no regular dental visit in men and obesity in women were identified as potential risk factors for tooth loss.

Conclusions

Modifiable factors accounted for most cases of incident tooth loss. Risk factors for tooth loss might differ by sex, suggesting that the appropriate approach for preventing tooth loss base on sex.
Single‐beam dual‐color alternate‐pathway two‐photon spectroscopy: Toward an optical toolbox for redox biology
Authors: Chebotarev Artem S. , Lanin Aleksandr A. , Raevskii Roman I. , Kostyuk Alexander I. , Smolyarova Daria D. , Bilan Dmitry S. , Savitskii Ilya V. , Fedotov Andrei B. , Belousov Vsevolod V. , Zheltikov Aleksei M.
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate a versatile single‐laser platform for single‐beam dual‐color two‐photon spectroscopy that combines a short‐pulse laser source with a tunable broadband wavelength converter based on a highly nonlinear photonic‐crystal fiber (PCF). We show that the short‐pulse PCF output can be tailored, via dispersion and nonlinearity management, to deliver a broadband optical driver whose spectral structure is ideally suited for a single‐beam two‐photon absorption (2PA) spectroscopy of the next‐generation genetically encodable fluorescent‐protein (FP) sensors of pH and redox‐responsive contrast agents. As a promising spectroscopic resource for redox biology, the short‐pulse PCF output can be finely sculpted to alternately drive an FP system via a one of its two 2PA‐allowed quantum pathways, yielding a high‐contrast fluorescence readout for a highly sensitive detection of redox reactions and signaling, pH sensing, and oxidative‐stress diagnosis.
A spectroscopic analysis of late 16th century domestic wall paintings in the Saracens Head Inn, Nottinghamshire, UK
Authors: Brooke Christopher , Edwards Howell , de Oliveira Luiz F. C. , Telford Richard , Surtees Alex
Published: August 2021

The mural paintings in the late medieval Saracens Head Inn, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, UK, represent an unusual survival of domestic Tudor artwork in this region. Stylistic dating puts the range of the paintings as c. 1580–1620. The artistic design and archaeological context of the paintings has been studied and paint samples extracted for microscopic, SEM‐EDXS, and Raman spectroscopic analysis. In addition, portable Raman analysis was utilized. The paintings, which were only discovered in the 1980s and 1990s, hidden below later plaster, were conserved and a degree of undocumented retouching was applied. The analysis, though restricted by excessive fluorescence from many of the samples, has revealed the broad pigment palette used by the original Tudor artist(s) as well as identifying the modern pigments introduced during conservation work.
Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry method for quantifying polymer poloxamer 124 and its application to pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Li Yuxuan , Cui Yue , Li Lele , Lin Xiaoyin , Zhou Xinxin , Zhu Heyun , Feng Bo
Published: August 2021

Poloxamer is a commonly used pharmaceutical excipient. It is a high molecular polymer formed using polypropylene oxide and polyethylene oxide units. Specifically, poloxamer 124 is one of the smaller molecular weight in the poloxamer series; however, its pharmacokinetic behaviors in vivo are still unclear. In this study, a method for quantifying poloxamer 124 in rat plasma through ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry was developed. The intravenous dosage of PL124 was 10 mg/kg. Plasma was collected at different times. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.1–5 μg/mL for the poloxamer 124 (r ≥ 0.9956) with the lower limit of quantitation of 0.1 μg/ml. The relative standard deviation of the intraday and interday precisions was below 8.0%, and the relative error of the accuracy was within ±12.0%. The extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability were satisfactory in rat plasma. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of poloxamer 124 in rats. Results indicated that poloxamer 124 could be rapidly absorbed and eliminated through caudal vein injection. This study is helpful for the further study of poloxamer 124.
Sampling in low oxygen aquatic environments: The deviation from anoxic conditions
Authors: Garcia‐Robledo Emilio , Paulmier Aurelien , Borisov Sergey M. , Revsbech Niels Peter
Published: August 2021

Studies of the impact of hypoxic or anoxic environments on both climate and ecosystems rely on a detailed characterization of the oxygen (O2) distribution along the water column. The former trivial separation between oxic and anoxic conditions is now often redefined as a blurry concentration range in which both aerobic and anaerobic processes might coexist, both in situ and during experimental incubations. The O2 concentrations during such incubations have often been assumed to be equal to in situ levels, but the concentration was rarely measured. In order to evaluate the actual oxygen concentration in samples collected from low‐oxygen environments, a series of measurements were performed on samples collected in the Pacific oxygen minimum zones. Our results show a significant deviation from in situ anoxic conditions in samples collected by Niskin bottles where leakage from the bottle material resulted in O2 concentrations of up to 1 μM. Subsequent sampling further increased the O2 contamination. Sampling and analysis by Winkler method resulted in variable apparent concentrations of 2–4 μM. Two common procedures to avoid atmospheric contamination were also tested: allowing gentle overflow and keeping the sampling bottle submersed in a portion of the sampled water. Both procedures resulted in similar O2 contamination with values of 0.5–1.5 μM when bottles were immediately closed and measurements performed with optical sensors, and 3–4 μM apparent concentration when analyzed by the Winkler method. Winkler titration is thus not suited for analysis of low‐O2 samples. It can be concluded that incubation under anoxic conditions requires deoxygenation after conventional sampling.
The personalization–privacy paradox at the nexus of social exchange and construal level theories
Authors: Cloarec Julien , Meyer‐Waarden Lars , Munzel Andreas
Published: August 2021

Marketing personalization requires firms to collect information that they can use to personalize their products or services, which might raise consumer privacy concerns. Prior studies on construal level theory suggest that happier Internet users would likely take future rewards in social exchanges (e.g., personalization–privacy trade‐offs) into greater consideration. Building on both social exchange and construal level theories, this article investigates the extent to which happiness with the Internet drives the personalization–privacy paradox, as well as the moderating role of experience sharing frequency as a proxy for reciprocity. An online survey administered to a representative sample of French consumers (n = 649) largely confirms the predictions. Happiness with the Internet is the strongest driver of willingness to disclose information in exchange for personalization, surpassing conventional privacy‐related constructs (e.g., trust and risk beliefs). In line with social exchange theory, reciprocity has an important influence on online social exchanges too.
Data‐based robust optimal control of discrete‐time systems with uncertainties via adaptive dynamic programming
Authors: Liu Yang , Xing Zuoxia , Chen Zhe , Xu Jian
Published: August 2021

In this article, a new data‐based adaptive dynamic programming algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal control policy for discrete‐time systems with uncertainties. Firstly, for uncertain systems, the corresponding Hamiltonian function is designed, and then the robust adaptive dynamic programming algorithm is obtained. Next, by using the input and output data of the system, the data‐based Bellman equation is constructed, and the data‐based robust adaptive dynamic programming algorithm is derived, which does not require the accurate model of the system. Finally, a simulation example shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Psychological distress in primary caregivers of children with cancer during COVID‐19 pandemic‐A single tertiary care center experience
Authors: Cheriyalinkal Parambil Badira , Goswami Savita , Roy Moulik Nirmalya , Sonkusare Lekhika , Dhamne Chetan , Narula Gaurav , Vora Tushar , Prasad Maya , Chichra Akanksha , Jatia Shalini , Sarda Harshita , Paradkar Amey , Deodhar Jayita , Chinnaswamy Girish , Banavali Shripad
Published: August 2021

Objective

Families of children with cancer undergoing treatment during COVID‐19 pandemic represent a vulnerable population for psychological distress and early identification and remedial measures are imperative for wellbeing of both the children and the caregivers. This article reports the results of assessment of psychological distress in primary caregivers of children with cancer undergoing treatment at a tertiary care center.

Methods

Primary caregivers of children with cancer (≤15 years) taking treatment at our institute during the period of July 2020 to August 2020 were prospectively evaluated for psychological distress using Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) tools over a telephonic call. There were 2 cohorts, A and B (50 participants each) depending on whether child was diagnosed with COVID‐19 or not respectively during the study period.

Results

The assessment tool, PHQ‐9 showed a score of ≥10 in 13% (n = 13) participants (95%CI:7.1%–21.2%) in the entire cohort and in 16% (n = 8, 95%CI:5.8%–26.2%) and 10% (n = 5, 95%CI:1.7%–18.3%) participants in cohort A and cohort B respectively. GAD‐7 showed a score of ≥8 in 18% (n = 18) participants (95%CI:11.0%–27.0%) in the entire cohort and in 20% (n = 10, 95%CI:8.9%–31.1%) and 16% (n = 8, 95%CI:5.8%–26.2%) participants in cohort A and cohort B respectively. All participants were assessed, and supportive psychotherapeutic interventions administered over telephonic call.

Conclusions

Primary caregivers should be assessed and followed up for psychological distress irrespective of other co‐existing factors. Robust support systems built over time could help withstand the exceptional strain of a major surge during a pandemic.
Atomic Order Along the Half‐ to Full‐Heusler Transition in Ni1+xMnSb
Authors: Neibecker Pascal , Xu Xiao , Simonne David , Hollender Lucas , Porcher Florence , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Omori Toshihiro , Kainuma Ryosuke , Petry Winfried , Leitner Michael
Published: August 2021

Structural voids are a defining feature of the half‐Heusler structure. Using temperature‐dependent neutron diffraction, complemented by room‐temperature X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution neutron diffraction as well as calorimetry and macroscopic magnetization measurements, the disordering of these vacancies is followed across the Clb–L21 transition in samples of for various Ni excesses x. The thermal vacancy concentration increases toward high temperatures, and excess vacancy concentrations large enough to increase the low‐temperature macroscopic magnetization can be retained by quenching. Finally, the consequences of the strongly differing relaxation rates of order and vacancy concentrations are demonstrated, showing that in these and related systems the thermal history potentially determines material properties such as ordering temperatures much more strongly than usually.
4: Interactive Volume Rendering Method Using Dynamic Ray Casting for Autostereoscopic Display
Authors: Li Ruiyang , Huang Tianqi , Zhang Xinran , Liao Hongen
Published: August 2021

3D volume is a common type of data collected in medical and life science domains. Existing visualization systems of volume data mainly use 2D displays. However, the complexity of volumes makes it challenging to comprehend the internal structures. Volume rendering with autostereoscopic displays can provide depth perception to improve understanding of complex structures. In this paper, we present an interactive volume rendering method for autostereoscopic display. The method is implemented through the combination of dynamic ray casting and hand gesture interaction. The proposed rendering algorithm brightens the organs intersected with an interaction plane and presents different appearances controlled by the user. We further build an application fusing the foreground virtual volume and the background actual human body. The application shows the prospects of our algorithm and system in education and clinical tasks.
2.1: Invited Paper: 16.9‐Inch Flexible AMOLED Display with High Performance Top Gate Oxide TFT
Authors: Hsu YuanJun , Lin Zhenguo , Lu Yihong , Han BaiXiang , Cao Weiran , Wu Yuan-chun , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2021

We have fabricated top‐gate IGZO TFTs on PI substrate, which exhibit excellent electrical properties and high mechanical reliabilities to meet the demand for large area flexible display. The ΔVth under PBTS and NBTIS for 10 hours are only +0.26 V and −0.34 V, respectively. The mechanical bending properties of the TFT backplane is investigated. There are almost no change after 200,000 bending cycle test at a curvature radius of 20mm. To improve flexible capability and reduce cost of flexible OLED display, integrated gate driver on array (GOA) circuits with spilt channel structure has been investigated. Finally, we successfully realize 16.9‐inch rollable OLED display with high performance top gate IGZO TFT and GOA circuits
2.4: Integrated Gate Driver Circuit Technology with IGZO TFT for AMOLED Displays of Simultaneous Emission Driving Method
Authors: Yuan Can , Li Yongqian , Feng Xuehuan , Yuan Zhidong
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we propose a new integrated gate driver circuit for a simultaneous emission (SE) driving method using IGZO TFT. Simulation results indicate that the proposed gate driver prevents the output waveforms the effect of positive and negative biases, and VTH variations of IGZO TFTs. Furthermore, the proposed circuit is suitable for AMOLED displays with the SE driving method.
4.1: Invited Paper: Active Driving Micro LED by TFTs Technology
Authors: Wu Wei-Jing
Published: August 2021

Micro Light Emitting Diode (Micro LED) displays are expected to become the next generation display technology due to the potential advantages such as lower power consumption, higher resolution, longer life time and faster response speed. Active driving Micro LED by thin film transistors (TFTs) is one of the bottlenecks to realize the productization of Micro LED displays. It is thought that Micro LED should be driven by the constant current pulse width modulation (PWM) method. The PWM driving methods of Micro LED can be furthermore divided into digital method and analogical method. This report will introduce our progress and thinking on active driving Micro LED by TFTs technology.
9.3: Tunable Cell Gap Intermediator with PS Particles for Flexible Electrophoretic Displays
Authors: Qiu Zhiguang , Xu Jiazhe , Wu Ziyi , Qin Zong , Yang Boru
Published: August 2021

The electrophoretic displays (EPDs) with the benefits of zero energy cost when maintaining colored or colorless state, widely view angle and friend reading etc., have been grafted attentions. To verify the cell gap effects in the EPDs device, the scientists have been puzzled by the multiple processes frequently leading to uncontrollable errors and the necessity of precision equipment. In this paper, we demonstrated a facile method to fabricate the EPDs with tunable cell gap intermediator resulting from mixing the different diameters particles. The rapid and facile fabricated product performance can be rapid and facile compared and verified with the presupposed simulation. An ultrathin EPD adopting the rigid ITO as the transparent electrodes and the e‐ink mixing with 3 μm diameters PS particles as the display layer have been demonstrated. The contrast ratio and the response time have been measured to analyze the relationship between the cell gap distance and the simulation result. Moreover, the facile method can be expanded for the physicochemical properties' researches on the cell gap effect. And this is also desirable to rapid fabricate other devices, such as the electrowetting, the electrochromic etc., with the tunable cell gap intermediator.
10.2: A Novel GOA Providing Both Emission‐controlled PWM Signal and Switch‐controlled Scan Signal for AMOLED Displays
Authors: Wang Zhichong , Feng Jing , Liu Peng , Luan Xinglong , Chang Chuanchuan , Yuan Guangcai
Published: August 2021

For the purpose of simplifying the gate driver on array for AMOLED panels using p‐LTPS or LTPO TFTs, a novel shift register module circuit was developed. Integrating the module with the common‐used EM GOA, a simplified GOA integrated both functions for generating emission‐controlled n‐type EM signal and switch‐controlled scan signal was developed. The feasibility of the proposed circuit was demonstrated through simulations results.
10.3: A Fast Method for Equalizing Resistance in Touch Panel Design
Authors: Chao Dai
Published: August 2021

In the field of special‐shaped panel design, TP (touch panel) design engineers need to manually complete the wiring routing work between the driven IC port and the TP pad port. Due to the routing channel is not regular, the equal line width method is usually adopted. Complete the routing in the channel in advance, and then adjust the routing line width to reduce the resistance discrepancy manually. As the resistance difference between the shortest and longest wire is relatively large, it is very extremely complicated for engineers to manually modify the line width to reach equal resistance for all the routing wires. At the same time, because the routing channel is often limited to a certain area, when adjusting one wire, the other wires will be affected. In order to achieve the purpose of automatic routing, we designed a routing method that distributes the line width in a limited area automatically, plus a method of superimposing serpentine wiring in the specified area to achieve the overall wiring resistance balance. In the paper, we referred to the idea of channel routing, first split the routing channel, and then routed in the split channel, and then connected the same net wiring in the channel, and adjusted the split channel according to the requirements of resistance. In the process of adjusting the resistance, the strategy of the simulated annealing algorithm is deployed to search the optimum routing result.
13.2: Invited Paper: Synergistic photothermal strategy for low‐temperature cross‐linking of hole transport materials for red QLEDs
Authors: Yi Yuan-Qiu-Qiang , Zhao Wenchao , Xie Liming , Liu Yang , Yang Jian , Su Wenming
Published: August 2021

By applying synergistic photothermal strategy, our previously reported DV‐FLCZ exhibited a low cross‐linking temperature with a drop of 75 °C, while still maintaining high‐quality film morphology with smooth surface and desirable surface energy. The red colloidal quantum dots light emitting diodes (QLEDs) based on photothermal induced cross‐linked hole transport layer, achieved almost the same device performance as only thermal induced one. Moreover, the strategy can be also used for other cross‐linkable hole transport materials (A‐HTMs), such as CBP‐V and DV‐FLBC. Such a large drop of cross‐linking temperature of X‐HTM has great practical potentials for future mass productions of QLEDs.
14.3: The Relationship of Data Signal and Surface Noise in LTPS Products of Multiplexer Technology
Authors: Tao Jian , Feng Shuai , Li Yafeng , Peng Zhong , He Jian
Published: August 2021

We have done a lot of work to study the surface noise of the panel due to the strict requirement of active stylus. During the research, we find that the surface noise occurs at the moment the mux circuits switch on, and the magnitude of positive noise is strongly dependent on what the panel display, in other words, the noise may have a strongly dependent on the data signal. Also the behavior of noise is consistent with that of common electrode. Then we established a circuit architecture to simulate the behavior of common electrode and found that the coupling of the data line on the common electrode would cancel each other out over a period of time while the existence of the mux circuits which breaks this balance. And based on this knowledge, we have done a lot of useful exploration and achieved good results.
16.4: A multifunctional flexible resistive sensor with a Carbon Nanotube‐Liquid Crystal‐PDMS Composite
Authors: Luo Miao , Lu Jiangang
Published: August 2021

A multifunctional flexible resistive sensor which integrates both pressure sensing and tension sensing functions is demonstrated with an active layer comprising of liquid crystal(LC), multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and polydimet hy‐lsiloxane(PDMS) elastomer. The introduction of LC improves the agglomeration of MWCNTs in PDMS and improves the performance of the sensor. The sensor shows a wide tensile sensing range of 140% strain and a good sensitivity with a gauge factor of 40 with tensile force, and shows good linearity and sensitivity under pressure. The sensor also shows good hydrophobic property which may help it to work under complex environment. The multifunctional sensor offers great potential applications in emerging wearable devices and electronic skins.
18.6: A Study on Micro‐LED Laser Lift‐off (LLO) Technology Based on Excimer Lasers
Authors: Dong Xiaobiao , Li Mengmeng , Han Saisai , Wang Yan , Wang Chenggong , Huang Xiuqi , Ge Yong
Published: August 2021

Micro‐LED is considered the next generation of display due to several advantages, such as long‐life, high contrast and brightness, splicing screen, etc. Mass transfer is the bottleneck that limits the manufacturing of Micro‐LED display at large volume, in terms of factors like temporary bonding‐laser lift off (LLO), pick‐up and metal bonding, and so on, among which the temporary bonding‐LLO is the first step yet has a defining impact to the final panel yield and cost. Temporary bonding‐LLO, to elaborate, is the process to bond LED chips onto a temporary substrate via a layer of glue, which holds the LEDs during the next step of LLO where laser blasts shot onto the buffer layer between the LED epitaxy layer and the epitaxy wafer, in order to separate the LED dies and the epitaxy wafer and leave on the temporary substrate. Based on the stickiness of the temporary bonding glue, temporary substrate (TS) can be categorized as strong bonding and weak bonding type, the former of which would have a stronger bonding force and a larger process window for LLO yet leaves difficultyfor pick‐up at a later stage. The latter, on the contrary, has a weaker bonding force and makes it easier to pick‐up, but during LLO the process window is smaller and demands higher LLO equipment stability, spot uniformity, accuracy, etc. We believe excimer laser, with such fine qualities, is the most promising candidate to achieve the required 4 high LLO yield.
22.2: Invited Paper: Opportunities for Multimodal Thin‐Film Transistors in Displays and Beyond
Authors: Bestelink Eva , De Sagazan Olivier , Sporea Radu A.
Published: August 2021

Multimodal transistors (MMTs) build on previous understanding of contact‐controlled transistors. Additionally, they allow precise control of the charge injected, distinct from controlling the state of conduction of the semiconductor channel. This approach leads to interesting functionality, of benefit to displays and other large area electronic circuits. Here, we summarize the construction and functionality of the MMT and outline potential applications.
28.3: Stabilization of photoluminescence perovskite nanocrystals via atomic layer deposition and the process influences
Authors: Lei ZhiYong , Jing Yao , Zhou Binze , Liu Mengjia , Cao Kun , Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Rong
Published: August 2021

We report the effects of low temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) environment treatment on the photoluminescence properties and stability of perovskite quantum dot films. Compared with conventional chemical centrifugation, the loss of photoluminscence can be reduced by physical pressure and temperature control. The photoluminescence properties and long‐term stability of the films can be improved by vacuum heating and washing with weak polar solvents to reduce the content of organic matter on the surface. It also suggests that the colloidal environment of organic solvent and the air environment of device structure should be separated to explain the mechanism of stability during the preparation of QDs films by solution method. Besides, it provides a vision for further interpretation of the luminescence properties of quantum dot thin film materials by using ALD to accurately control the atmosphere, temperature and pressure.
29.1: Invited Paper: Degradation Mechanism of High Mobility Oxide Thin Film Transistors for Next Generation Display
Authors: Uraoka Yukiharu , Takahashi Takanori , Fujii Mami , Bermundo J.P. , Miyanaga Ryoko , Uenuma Mutsunori
Published: August 2021

AC stress was applied to the IWZO thin film transistor with high mobility, and its deterioration phenomenon was observed. As a result, a rare phenomenon in which the ON current deteriorates was observed. A deterioration model was proposed by reference experiments using DC stress, emission analysis using an emission microscope, and electric field distribution analysis using a device simulator. It was concluded that the deterioration is due to hot carriers that occur when the gate electric field changes from ON to OFF.
32.4: Abnormal Turnaround Phenomenon of Threshold Voltage Shifts in Bias‐Stressed a‐Si:H Thin Film Transistor under Extremely High Intensity Illumination
Authors: liu Chunming , Jiang Zhixiong , Xu Hongyuan , Zhang Jiping , Son Woosung
Published: August 2021

The abnormal threshold voltage (Vth) turnaround behavior of a‐Si:H TFTs was investigated when biased under extremely high intensity illumination. TFTs with various compositions of gate insulator (SiNx) interface layer were fabricated to avoid this abnormal behavior and enhance reliability upon high intensity illumination. 500‐hours RA results confirmed that our optimization strategy can effectively improve the reliability of TFT‐LCDs.
32.5: An Advanced Micro‐LED Backplane Structure with Reflective Layer and Color Filter
Authors: Dong Xiaofei , Wu Tianyi , Fu Jujian , Chi Xiao , Feng Yaming , Xiong Nana , Hu Yuqi , Liu Shengjuan
Published: August 2021

A new Micro‐LED backplane structure with metal reflective layer and color filter has been proposed to improve the luminous efficiency. We have simulated the influence of different parameters on efficiency. In addition, we put it in high temperature and high humility environment and the results show that this structure has good stability.
40.3: Effect of Birefringent Alignment Layer on Azimuthal Anchoring Energy Measurement
Authors: Muravsky Alexander , Murauski Anatoli
Published: August 2021

Birefringent alignment layer contributes to the optics of the liquid crystal cell, which is significant for optical method of azimuthal anchoring energy measurement. We obtained analytical equation to compute the corrected value of liquid crystal twist angle subject to alignment layer retardation. The data on azimuthal anchoring energy measurements of AtA‐2 and AtA‐0042 azo‐dye photoalignment materials are obtained: above >10−4J/m2 within the wide range of exposure doses 0.04 – 5.12 J/cm2.
41.2: Invited Paper: Crystal Control of Amorphous Silicon by Laser Annealing Using Blue Laser Diode
Authors: Yang Y , Kosugi J , Kinoshita M , Toriyama S , Saito K , Sawai T , Sasaki N , Gotoh J , Sugimoto S
Published: August 2021

We will proposed new silicon crystallization annealing technology using blue laser diode, proprietary optic fiber transfer and optic projection system. The new optical system produces rectangle top‐hat‐shaped irradiation onto substrate surface. By the new system, the heating and cooling can be controlled, obtained silicon crystal can be controlled from poly silicon, lateral silicon and single crystal. The large‐grain‐size lateral silicon crystal and single crystal silicon have great potential in displays and sensor devices because their higher carrier mobility and higher reliability.
41.4: Research on Nano‐grating Equipment with Adjustable Period and Angle
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Gao Haoran , Fu Wenyue
Published: August 2021

This paper studies the nano‐grating equipment with adjustable period and rotation angle. First, it analyzes the principle of grating production. According to the demand characteristics of grating products, this paper proposes the producting process and equipment control algorithm of large‐scale grating products. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed process plan, the proposed control algorithm is run on the grating production equipment for verification. The grating products and production process data show that the proposed process has good practicability and can be used for large‐scale grating product production.
41.5: Research on Trends and Solutions of Module Production Line Operation Mode in Semiconductor Display Industry
Authors: He Tao , Chu Zhengyong , Niu Lina , He Dingfei , Guo Xin , Pang Yan , Gao Rong , Zhang Pu , Tian Zengkui
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to study and analyze the competitiveness of the current management mode of AMOLED module factories in the semiconductor display industry represented by BOE in China, and to analyze the global top enterprises in the same industry and the electronics manufacturing industry such as TSMC and other top enterprises in the world., which are the benchmark enterprises with advanced management.

From several dimensions of management, field management system design, knowledge management and talent training system, front‐line employee compensation and promotion mode, combined with the characteristics of industry product life cycle, combing and summarizing the application scheme to improve enterprise management ability and talent training ability.

At the same time, through intelligent data systems, ergonomic automation precision replacement equipment and other innovative solutions to optimize personnel efficiency. A new competitive model with technological innovation and management efficiency as the twin props has been developed to change the old model of low profit in traditional Chinese OEM manufacturing which relies on cheap labor cost.