bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PBL-based STEM: Its effect on the cognitive learning outcome of junior high school students
Authors: Kartini Ayu , Husamah Husamah , Permana Fendy Hardian , Mohd Shukri Ahmad Adnan Bin
Published: February 2024

The PBL (Problem-based Learning) model based on the STEM approach is very suitable for raising students in the midst of today's increasingly rapid development of the digital era which is based on a problem that encourages students to learn and work cooperatively in groups to find solutions, think critically and analytically, and able to use appropriate learning resources. This study aims to determine the effect of the PBL learning model based on the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) approach to students' cognitive learning outcomes at MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Malang. Sampling with purposive sampling technique. This type of research is a Quasy experiment with a Non-Randomized Control Group Pretest-Postest Design research design. The population in this study were students of class VII MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Malang which consisted of 2 classes. The data analysis technique for cognitive learning outcomes of students uses the data requirements test with the SPSS version 22.0 for Windows program. The collection of research data used an instrument in the form of multiple-choice tests for students' cognitive learning outcomes. Based on the results of hypothesis testing using the ANCOVA test, a sig value of 0.005<0.05 is obtained because the sig value is smaller than 0.05, so it can be said that Ho is accepted which shows that the STEM-based PBL model has a significant influence on students' cognitive learning outcomes. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence in the use of the PBL model based on the STEM approach to students' cognitive learning outcomes at MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Malang.
The Implementation of Snowball Throwing Strategy in Teaching Reading Narrative Text Class X of MA Miftahul Ulum Bettet Pamekasan
Authors: Khoirot Fatwatul , YB Dinar Vincy
Published: February 2024

This research was conducted to determine the application of snowball throwing method which is used to determine the reading ability of class X IPS F MA Miftahul Ulum Bettet Pamekasan in reading English sentences. To analyse the data, the researchers used method of throwing snowballs. The design of this study is descriptive qualitative. The Researchers used three techniques in collecting data, namely observation, interviews and questionnaires. The results of the implementation show that snowball throwing made the students became very enthusiastic in carrying out the snowball throwing strategy. Further, the results of the problems faced by students in reading narrative texts were phonics problems of 8 students, fluency problems of 10 students, vocabulary problems of 5 students, and finally competence problems of 10 students. While the results of internal and external factors that affect students' ability to read narrative texts are that 33 students experience internal and external factors in reading narrative texts.
Teachers' Efforts in Developing Social Emotional Kindergarten Students
Authors: Ramadan Syahru , Adriani Adriani
Published: February 2024

Social-emotional is one of the important aspects developed in children from an early age. This is because social-emotional development will have an impact on the further development of children. This development can begin in early childhood education in the age range of 5-6 years. The purpose of this study is to explore teacher efforts for developing social-emotional students. This research is in the form of qualitative descriptive research using data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews at Al-Mubarak Kindergarten and Ash-Shiddiq IT Kindergarten, Bone Regency. The data collected is then processed with three stages of analysis, namely data reduction, data display, and verification or conclusion. The results of this study found that there are several efforts used by teachers to develop social-emotional students, including rapport, positive reinforcement, and matching and mirroring in aspects of self-awareness, advice and appreciation in the form of positive affirmations in aspects of responsible attitudes, and direct direction and practical learning in aspects prosocial behavior. These efforts can be modeled and developed again by parents and other teachers.
Optimization of Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Islamic Education towards the Era of Society 5.0
Authors: Wakifah Wakifah , Fatimah Fatimah , Sulistiawati Mega
Published: February 2024

This article aims to explore the importance of optimizing higher-order thinking Skills (HOTS) in Islamic education towards the Society 5.0 era. One of the things behind this needs to be studied because several Islamic educational institutions still apply conservative learning methods which tend to only focus on memorization and repetition of concepts, not encouraging students to think critically and creatively. The method used in preparing this article is Library Research. The results of this research show that the Society 5.0 Era is characterized by a rapid and complex technological revolution, where humans play a major role in facing global challenges and opportunities. Therefore, Islamic education must adapt and improve human quality through the application of HOTS. HOTS is a high-level thinking ability that includes analysis, evaluation, and creation. This ability is needed in facing complex problems and religious challenges in the modern era. Several HOTS-oriented Islamic education learning models have been proposed, such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL), Project-Based Learning (PjBL), and Flipped Classroom. These models require students to be active in solving problems and applying knowledge in real-life situations so that they can develop HOTS effectively.
HIFZH AL-AMN WA AL-SALAM AL-ALAAMIY MIN MANZHUR AL-FIQH AL-ISLAMIY
Authors: Arake Lukman
Published: February 2024

نسمع كثيرا دعوات حفظ الأمن ونشر السلام في الأرض وبين الدول وما وصلت إليه جهود نشر مبادئ الإسلام وحظر استخدام القوة والسلاح وفض النزاعات بالطرق السلمية وغير ذلك مما يعد سمة الإعلام والعلاقات الدولية المعاصرة، غير أن الواقع المرير الذي نشهده اليوم يتمثل بانتشار الحروب والنزاعات ونسمع عن الإبادات الجماعية هنا وهناك، كما نسمع عن الصراعات والقتل كل يوم. وعلى الرغم من كل المآسي التي حدثت والخسائر المادية والبشرية التي وقعت مما يشيب لها الولدان التي دفعت العقلاء والحكماء في كل الدول والمجتمعات إلى النداء لوقف العنف وما ميثاق الأمم المتحدة ومواثيق حقوق الإنسان إلا نتيجة لكل هذا. غير أن العنف مستمر، والقتل مستحر، والسلم ضعيف، والقوة هي صاحبة الكلمة، وكأن العالم يتجه للانتحار، وصيحات العقلاء ومواثيق السلام حبر على الورق والضحية هم الضعفاء من الدول والأفراد. وهاهنا يأتى تميز الفقه الإسلامي في معالجته للعنف ويتميز في قدرته على بيان السبل من أجل حفظ الأمن وتحقيق السلام العالمي وتثبيت حقوق الإنسان التى كانت منبثقة من الأحكام الشرعية مؤيدة بالقرآن والسنة النبوية الشريفة كما سنرى في هذا البحث.
Usability Evaluation of Facial Emotion Recognition System
Authors:   School of Computing, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah, 06010, MALAYSIA, Ting Kek Kai , Nordin Noradila ,   School of Computing, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah, 06010, MALAYSIA
Published: February 2024

Face detection can identify and verify faces from images, videos, and other forms of face graphics. It tracks facial features, contours, and textures to analyze individuals’ unique biometrics and demographic details. Humans can express thousands of facial expressions, all of which vary in intensity, complexity, and meaning. Facial emotion recognition is a type of facial recognition system, and it is a technology that can detect human emotions through facial expressions. In the past few decades, real-time facial emotion recognition systems have been an active area of research. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, most learning methods have changed from physical learning to online learning. Therefore, it is difficult for teachers to understand students' emotions in the teaching process, and some emotions constitute obstacles to students' classroom participation and test scores. Nowadays, as students, we also know that it is difficult for lecturers to capture the emotions of students through the online learning mode and change the learning mode according to the emotions of the students. As a result, most of the time students feel bored and cannot concentrate in class because they are not interested in the lecturer's learning mode. Therefore, the learning materials prepared by the lecturer will become invalid due to the inattention of students in class. In this project, we will use a facial landmark to detect real-time facial expressions via a webcam. The purpose of the project is to establish a facial emotion recognition system to recognize the emotions of students in class and view the report of the emotions of the students. The result of this project is to allow lecturers and students to better understand their emotions during class. By doing so, we can recognize emotions and classify learners’ participation and interest in topics that are mapped as feedback to the lecturer to improve the learner’s experience. In addition, after students use the system, there will be emotional results. For example, students can learn about their emotional changes during class hours.
Determinants Of Retained Placenta At Malinau Hospital, North Kalimantan
Authors: Desi Marga Sinta
Published: February 2024

Malinau Regency health profile data in 2018 recorded 268 deliveries, and 38 cases (14.1%) of them experienced retained placenta. Factors that cause retained placenta are placenta previa, caesarean section scar, repeated curettage, age, history of manual placenta, anemia, history of surgery and parity. Remaining placental remains in the uterus can cause weakened contractions which can cause postpartum bleeding. The aim of this study was to determine the determinants of the incidence of retained placenta in Malinau District Hospital, North Kalimantan.This research uses design correlational research with cross sectional approach. Respondents are recruited using accidental Sampling techniques with a sample of 36 people. Independent variables were parity and history of retained placenta. The dependent variable is incidence of retained placenta. Statistical test results using chi square.The research results showed that the majority of mothers giving birth at Malinau District Hospital had high parity, namely 23 (63.9%). The majority of mothers giving birth at Malinau Regional Hospital had a history of placental retention, 21 (58.3%), and the majority of mothers giving birth at Malinau Regional Hospital experienced placental retention, namely 25 (69.4%). The results of data analysis show that the significance level is 0.000 < α = 0.005 so that H0 rejected and H1 Thus, it is accepted that there is a relationship between parity and a history of placental retention with the incidence of retention at Malinau Regional Hospital, North Kalimantan.The conclusion in this research is mothers who have a history retained placenta and high parity tend to have a risk of retained placenta in the next delivery
Hubungan Perawatan Tali Pusat Menggunakan Kasa Steril Alkohol 70% Dan Perawatan Tali Pusat Menggunakan Kasa Kering Dengan Lamanya Waktu Pelepasan Tali Pusat Pada Bayi Baru Lahir Di PMB Tahun 2019.
Authors: Armalini Rika
Published: February 2024

Di Sumatera Barat penyebab kematian neonatal tertinggi adalah infeksi sebesar 57,1%. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan perawatan tali pusat menggunakan kasa steril alkohol 70% dan menggunakan kasa kering dengan lamanya pelepasan tali pusat pada bayi baru lahir. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan metode cross sectional study. Dilakukan di PMB Yulinda Laila, S.ST M.M Kes pada bulan Juli 2019. Populasi penelitian ibu yang mempunyai bayi sebanyak 128 orang, teknik pengambilan sampel secara simple random sampling diperoleh sebanyak 93 orang. Hasil analisis univariat ditemukan dari 93 responden terdapat 45,2% responden menggunakan kasa steril yang diberikan alkohol 70%, 62,5% responden menggunakan kasa kering ,dan 52,7% responden lamanya waktu pelepasan tali pusat ? 14 hari.  Hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara perawatan tali pusat menggunakan kasa steril yang diberikan alkohol 70% (p value = 0,006) dan perawatan tali pusat menggunakan kasa kering (p value = 0,005) terhadap lamanya waktupelepasan talipusatpada bayibarulahir diPMBtahun2019. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa adanya hubungan perawatan tali pusatmenggunakan kasa steril alkohol 70% dan menggunakan kasa kering dengan lamanyapelepasan tali pusat pada bayi baru lahir. Diharapkan tenaga kesehatanagar lebih memberikan edukasi dan informasi kepada ibu tentang perawatan tali pusat.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan dengan Booklet dan Metode Demonstrasi terhadap Pengetahuan dan Kemampuan Remaja Putri Melakukan Praktik Sadari di Daerah Pedesaan
Authors: Krisdianto Boby , Natasyah Natasyah , Malini Hema
Published: February 2024

Angka prevalensi kanker cukup tinggi di Kecamatan Pariangan, sehingga diperlukan pencegahan dan deteksi dini kanker payudara. Sedangkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan SADARI pada remaja di SMAN 1 Pariangan masih rendah, sehingga diperlukan pendidikan kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan SADARI. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan dengan booklet dan metode demonstrasi terhadap pengetahuan dan kemampuan remaja putri melakukan praktik SADARI di SMAN 1 Pariangan. Metode yang digunakan Pre Experimental dengan pendekatan one group pretest-posttest. Sampel dari penelitian ini siswi kelas XI SMAN 1 Pariangan, berjumlah 76 orang dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan teknik pengolahan data uji Wilcoxon. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen pengetahuan dan kemampuan SADARI. Hasil penelitian sebelum intervensi 37 responden (48,7%) memiliki pengetahuan kurang, sesudah intervensi 59 responden (77,6%) memiliki pengetahuan baik (p value = 0,000). Sebelum intervensi 72 responden (94,7%) memiliki kemampuan kurang, sesudah intervensi 63 responden (82,9%) memiliki kemampuan baik (p value = 0,000). Ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan dengan booklet dan metode demonstrasi terhadap pengetahuan dan kemampuan remaja putri dalam melakukan praktik SADARI. Diharapkan pendidikan kesehatan SADARI menjadi salah satu program penyuluhan kesehatan reproduksi remaja bagi Instansi terkait baik sekolah maupun puskesmas setempat.
Scale Up Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Koenzim Q10 Menggunakan Matriks Lipid Asam Stearat-Isopropil Palmitat
Authors: Juanita Gracia , Aryani Ni Luh Dewi
Published: February 2024

Overexposure to the sun can lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which accelerates the aging process of the skin. The formation of ROS can be prevented with antioxidant compounds. Coenzyme Q10 is a lipophilic antioxidant because it has 10 isoprene side chains, causing coenzyme Q10 to have low skin penetration ability. Thus, the Coenzyme Q10 Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) technology was created to improve coenzyme Q10's skin penetration. This research examined the physicochemical properties of scaled-up Coenzyme Q10 NLC formulation. The method used is High Shear Homogenization HSH), by testing two formulas, namely F1 with 20% surfactant content and 30% surfactant F2. The results obtained for the physicochemical characteristics of F1 and F2 were seen from the organoleptic parameters which were yellowish in color, semisolid, and had a characteristic odor of fat; viscosity (825.60±537.63cps; 2588.33±584.42cps), pseudoplastic flow properties; pH (5,74±0,057; 5,80±0,021), particle size (592,33±158,19nm; 257,5±39,53nm), zeta potential (-12,73±18.5mV; -36, 1±20.91mV), polydispersity index (0,461±0,129; 0,223±0,104), spherical and smooth surface morphology; decreased and increased peak height at º2Th (21.5645, 23.005; 18.9246, 22.9967), and no interaction was found between the active ingredient and the carrier. This study finds that a successful formulation of coenzyme Q10 NLC has been made.
Pengaruh Pemberian Air Rebusan Daun Sirih Merah terhadap Kejadian Keputihan Patologi Pada Remaja di Dayah Kecamatan Kuta Baro Kabupaten Aceh Besar
Authors: Novemi Novemi , Asriah Asriah , Isra Zarifa
Published: February 2024

Keputihan adalah keluarnya cairan selain darah dari liang vagina di luar kebiasaan, yang dapat disertai dengan bau dan rasa gatal. Untuk mengatasi keputihan, dapat dilakukan pendekatan farmakologis dengan pemberian obat-obatan dan pendekatan non-farmakologis dengan pemberian rebusan daun sirih. Daun sirih mengandung senyawa antibakteri dan antijamur, terutama minyak atsiri dengan komponen utama fenol, yang memiliki sifat antiseptik dan antioksidan yang tinggi serta bersifat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian air rebusan daun sirih merah terhadap kejadian keputihan patologis pada remaja putri di Dayah Kabupaten Aceh Besar pada tahun 2022. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan desain two group pretest-posttest. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 30 remaja putri yang mengalami keputihan patologis, dan penelitian dilaksanakan pada periode 3-18 Juni 2022. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode univariat dan bivariat dengan uji statistik T test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok yang diberikan air rebusan daun sirih merah, rata-rata gejala keputihan mengalami penurunan menjadi 3,93, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol rata-rata gejala keputihan adalah 5,80. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pemberian air rebusan daun sirih merah memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kejadian keputihan patologis dengan p-value sebesar 0,001. Berdasarkan temuan ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian air rebusan daun sirih merah efektif dalam mengurangi kejadian keputihan patologis pada remaja putri.
Implementasi Penanggulangan Gizi Buruk Pada Balita Studi Kualitatif di Puskesmas Lolowa’u Kabupaten Nias Selatan Tahun 2022
Authors: Buulolo Jumiriyam , Santoso Heru , Bancin Dewi , Manurung Kesaktian , Manurung Jasmen , Sitorus Mido Ester J.
Published: February 2024

Puskesmas Lolowa’u merupakan salah satu Puskesmas yang mempunyai kasus gizi buruk pada balita, terdapat sebanyak 15 orang kasus gizi buruk di Puskesmas Lolowa’u pada tahun 2021. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implementasi penanggulangan gizi buruk di Puskesmas Lolowa’u Kabupaten Nias Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Fokus penelitian pada aspek input, proses dan output pelaksanaan program penanggulangan gizi buruk. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara, observasi kejadian lapangan, dan observasi dokumen. Penentuan informan menggunakan teknik sampling purposif. Dalam pelaksanaan penanggulangan gizi buruk terdapat beberapa kendala baik dari segi input, proses maupun outputnya yaitu petugas gizi yang kurang, sarana dan prasarana yang minim serta kesadaran masyarakat tentang masalah gizi yang kurang. Output menunjukkan masih banyak balita yang tidak diketahui status gizinya, serta cakupan pemberian tablet FE ibu hamil  dan vitamin A  balita yang masih rendah. Upaya perbaikan status gizi buruk balita dapat melalui penambahan petugas gizi di Puskesmas atau melatih tenaga kesehatan untuk terampil dalam melaksanakan tata laksana upaya perbaikan gizi balita misalnya dengan pemanfaatan bahan makanan lokal yang ada disekitar sebagai makanan pemulihan bagi balita gizi buruk.
PRINCIPLES OF CALCULATIONS AND ARRANGEMENT OF LOCAL DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN PRIVATE BUILDING TERRITORIES
Authors: Shevchenko O. L. , Streltsov A. O.
Published: February 2024

Abnormally heavy rains in the first two spring months of 2023 revealed the unpreparedness and lack of protection of many settlements in the Kyiv region from excessive moisture and inundation. Among them, is Novi Petrivtsi village, where the natural conditions for surface runoff and precipitation infiltration (lack of visible surface slopes and poorly permeable cover sediments) are unfavourable and significantly complicated by buildings, and a network of highways. The long-term retention of water on the surface, the rise of groundwater levels, and the layered structure of the upper part of the geological section provide grounds for the use of combined local drainage systems with compliance with drainage standards of at least 3,0 m. Since the high density of buildings often does not allow for contour drainage around residential buildings, it is necessary to lay single-line horizontal drainage to a greater depth than for a conventional contour drainage of 3,5 meters or more. However, the lack of roadside ditches and other water intakes and means of orderly drainage do not allow homestead drainage systems to work as efficiently as possible. This requires the creation of an orderly system of water intakes (trenches and closed collectors) on the scale of the village. Foreign experience convinces that the rational planning of such systems is possible under the conditions of establishing the character of rainfall distribution with a resolution of 1–5 minutes in time and a step of 500 m across the area. Meteorological radar is used to record radar images of rain and study its intensity. An effective solution to the water drainage problem is impossible without detailed engineering and geological investigations. Due to them, litho-facies inhomogeneities in the aeration zone and water-saturated stratum, which lead to the retention and support of groundwater, were discovered in the local area. Taking into account the spatial boundaries of these engineering and geological elements allow drainage more efficiently. Drainage capacity is substantiated by forecasts of changes in the maximum amount of precipitation per day and two days in a row. Due calculating the drainage capacity, it should be taken into account that the maximum amount of precipitation in the future period will have a guarantee of 0,5-2,0% less than the actual maximum values. In the calculation part, the main attention is paid to the selection of equations for determining the width of influence of a single horizontal drain. Five formulas have been selected that can be used to solve similar problems. The time of onset of the established mode of operation of a single drain was calculated. Future research should focus on the collection of high-resolution rainfall and local urban runoff data, as well as the implementation of urban drainage models.
SHALLOW AND COMBINED TILLAGE OF BLACK SOIL TYPICAL AT DIFFERENT SPECIALISATION IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN THE LEFT BANK FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Tarariko Yu. O. , Pysarenko P. V. , Saydak R. V. , Soroka Yu. V. , Olepir R. V. , Shcherbyna Z. V. , Vdovychenko O. P.
Published: February 2024

The article presents the results of long-term experimental studies on the effect of different methods of main tillage on soil fertility and crop productivity when applying different degrees of fertilization. Field research was conducted during 2013-2020 on the lands of the Poltava Research Station of the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agro-Industrial Production of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It has been established that the systematic use of organic and organic and-mineral fertilization systems improves the nutrient regime of typical black soil with differentiation of the arable layer by the amount of phosphorus and potassium when applying long-term minimal loosening. There is a tendency towards an increase in density in the layers of 20-40 and 40-60 cm when applying systematic shallow tillage, where this indicator exceeds the upper limit of the optimal range of 1,0-1,3 g/cm3. Application of manure and mineral fertilizers compared to surface loosening makes it possible to additionally annually sequester 0,3-0,4 t/ha of carbon, which is equivalent to 1,2-1,6 t of carbon dioxide. By the average multi-year yield of corn per silage, shallow loosening is inferior to combined tillage by an average of 10%. Tendencies to a decrease in the average long-term productivity of soybean, spring barley, and pea crops when using minimal tillage compared to the combined one are manifested only in certain fertilizer options. Under optimal conditions of heat and moisture supply, the ratio of grain and straw in soybeans decreases. On winter wheat, after peas, there is a tendency towards the preference of shallow loosening. The ratio of wheat grain to straw increases significantly under favorable conditions. Corn responds better to the combined tillage system, which prevails shallow loosening in terms of grain yield by the fertilizer options by 6-10%. Under favorable conditions, the ratio of stems to grain increases significantly, especially on fertilized grounds. From the studied crops, the productivity of sugar beets fluctuates to a greater extent to the conditions of the year, and to a lesser extent - winter wheat, grown after peas and corn for grain. By the average long-term crop productivity, shallow tillage is inferior to combined tillage by 4-8% having a confidence level of 5%. When applying manure, it is advisable to use a combined system of soil tillage, for plant-oriented agrarian production, it is economically advisable to use surface loosening for all crops.
Soy-Based Tempeh as a Functional Food: Evidence for Human Health and Future Perspective
Authors: Rizzo Gianluca
Published: February 2024

Tempeh is an Indonesian traditional food made from fermented soybeans, which offers wide culinary use in East Asian countries. Similar to all fermented foods, its preparation offers the purpose of food preservation. However, preclinical studies have highlighted that microbial action leads to a modification in the nutritional composition of the food’s matrix. Although there is a wide availability of data on the beneficial effect of soy, tempeh remains relatively unexplored, perhaps due to its limited diffusion in the world, which limits its research availability. However, available data suggest that tempeh may confer beneficial health effects due to the high bioavailability of nutrients and phytochemicals, showing ameliorative action on oxidative stress, glycaemic control, and blood lipid levels. Furthermore, the high biological value of tempeh means it can be used to optimize protein and caloric intake in athletes, vegetarians, and children. Moreover, the microbial fermentation used in the production of tempeh, in addition to improving the bioavailability of minerals, proteins, fibre, vitamins, and isoflavones, produces biopeptides whose biological effect is currently of great interest. Tempeh can be employed in traditional preparations as well as second-generation foods, such as plant-based meat substitutes, to provide functional and nutritional properties and a higher eco-friendly option compared to animal foods. This review aims to provide an overview of tempeh’s properties, regarding human data and future research perspectives.
Fluorescence Polarization Assays for Organic Compounds in Food Safety
Authors: Mukhametova Liliya I. , Eremin Sergei A.
Published: February 2024

Elevated concentrations of toxic organic compounds observed in food products pose serious dangers to human health. Both natural and artificial pollutants can cause food contamination. The stages of food production, packaging, transportation, and storage can also largely cause the appearance of undesirable substances in food products. The health consequences of ingesting food containing toxic contaminants range from mild gastroenteritis to deaths resulting from dysfunctional internal organs and neurological syndromes. The World Health Organization (WHO) sets recommendations for the content of such chemicals in food, including a minimum allowable concentration considered safe for human consumption. However, the control of food products from chemical pollutants is necessary. Moreover, fast, sensitive, and inexpensive methods are needed to detect them at the point of need. Currently, immune analysis methods are most widely used to determine pollutants in food. The development of fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) methods in a competitive format is a powerful and modern tool for detecting organic molecules in various matrices, thereby making FPIA methods useful for food safety applications. Due to the availability of portable devices for measuring the fluorescence polarization signal, FPIA methods can be used at the point of need. The variety of fluorescent labels and recognizing elements (receptors, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and nanobodies) permits fluorescence polarization (FP) assays to detect significantly lower limits of organic substances. The FP assay is a homogeneous, fast, and quantitative method. The development of various formats of FP assays makes them promising in determining food pollutants. This review summarizes publications on FP analyses for detecting organic contaminants (pesticides, hormones, toxins, antibiotics, and other pharmaceuticals) in food products during 2018–2023. Further, it demonstrates the prospects for using this method to determine pollutants at the point of need and for detecting high molecular weight substances, fungi, and bacterial infections during food safety inspections.
TREM2 Alleviates Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Brain Injury through Attenuating Neuroinflammation and Programmed Cell Death in Vivo and in Vitro
Authors: Liu Jiaqiang , Zhang Zihuan , Zhou Mengliang , Ling Shizhang , Zhou Xiaoming , Yuan Bin , Zhao Xintong , Qi Min , Han Yanling , Qin Feiyun , Li Zhenbao
Published: February 2024

Background: Apoptosis and pyroptosis are two types of programmed cell death related to the neuroinflammatory reaction after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Research indicates that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) can regulate the SAH-induced inflammatory response. However, whether TREM2 regulates programmed cell death (apoptosis and pyroptosis) remains to be clarified. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of TREM2 on cell death in SAH. Methods: SAH was induced in adult male C57BL/6J mice by endovascular perforation. An in-vitro cellular model of SAH was established by treating cocultured BV2 microglia and HT22 neuronal cells with oxyhemoglobin. TREM2 overexpression or knockdown was carried out by intraventricular lentivirus injection at 7 d before SAH induction in mice or lentiviral transfection, respectively. Neurobehavioral tests as well as western blot, reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence, Evans blue (EB) staining, Nissl staining, and flow cytometry assays were performed to investigate the neuroprotective role of TREM2 after SAH. Results: After SAH, the TREM2 mRNA and protein levels were elevated in SAH mice, exhibiting a peak at 72 h. TREM2 overexpression improved the SAH-induced neurological deficits in mice, while TREM2 knockdown worsened them. In the brains of mice with TREM2 overexpression, less neuronal death and more neuronal survival were detected at 72 h post SAH. Meanwhile, TREM2 overexpression showed an inhibitory effect on microglial activation, neutrophil infiltration, and the expression of cell death marker proteins. Consistent results were obtained in vitro. Conclusions: Our research indicates the important role of TREM2 on cell death after SAH, suggesting that targeting TREM2 might be an effective approach for treating SAH.
The Effect of Technology-Based Home Cardiac Rehabilitation on Risk Factor Modifications in Coronary Heart Disease Patients. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hu Yemei , Ding Kun , Wu Gang , Li Xuedong , Li Jun , Shang Zhuo
Published: February 2024

Background: The delivery channels and approaches related to cardiac rehabilitation (CR), such as eHealth, mHealth, and telehealth, are evolving. Several studies have identified their effects on patients with coronary heart disease, although no studies have focused on all the approaches collectively. Methods: Randomized controlled trials have investigated lipid profiles, through systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and body mass index (BMI). Stata software was used for analysis, while Egger’s linear regression test and Begg’s funnel plot were also applied. Results: Technology-based home CR revealed significantly lower total cholesterol (TC) levels (standardized mean difference (SMD) = –0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [–0.27, –0.11]); triglyceride (TG) levels (SMD = –0.26; 95% CI: [–0.35, 0.17]); low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (SMD = –0.18; 95% CI: [ –0.25, –0.11]); SBP (SMD = –0.26; 95% CI: [–0.33, –0.19]); DBP (SMD = –0.24; 95% CI: [–0.32, –0.16]); BMI (SMD = –0.12; 95% CI: [–0.18, –0.05]), and improved high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (SMD = 0.22; 95% CI: [0.14, 0.31]). Conclusions: Technology-based home CR can be used to lower TC, TG, and LDL levels, alongside the BMI, SBP, and DBP indexes, while also raising HDL levels; thus, its use should be widely promoted.
Belongingness and Psychosexual Socialization in a Neurodiverse Sample in the U.S.
Authors: Dufresne Simone Rae , Crehan Eileen T.
Published: February 2024

Autistic individuals generally experience more challenges with socializing than neurotypical peers due to the inherent social communication differences in autism (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). To better understand these social differences, this study examines the relationship between aspects of belongingness (social connectedness and social assurance, or SCA) and psychosexual socialization (PSS) in a neurodiverse sample (N = 132) from across the United States. Participants included both autistic (n = 44) and non-autistic adults (n = 88). Participants completed the Social Connectedness and Assurance Scales (Lee & Robbins, 1995) and the Teen Transition Inventory, Psychosexual Socialization and Psychosexual Selfhood subscales (Dekker et al., 2017). A sequential linear regression model was estimated to determine if 1) SCA predicted PSS over and above the variation accounted for by autism diagnostic group (ASD or NT), and 2) if those relationships were moderated by group membership. Autistic participants were predicted to score lower on PSS, and higher SCA predicted higher levels of PSS, but the relationship between SCA and PSS was not moderated by diagnostic group. This study provides evidence that experiences of belongingness and psychosexual socialization differ based on neurotype. Future studies can provide clearer goals and priorities for supporting autistic individuals with social challenges.
Law and the Political Economy of AI Production
Authors: Terzis Petros
Published: February 2024

The governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is at a historical juncture. Legislative acts, global treaties, export controls, and technical standards are now dominating the discourse over what used to be a predominantly market-driven space. Amidst all this frenzy, this paper explains why none of these projects will achieve ‘alignment’ of AI with the prospect of a sustainable model of production authentically committed to the rights and freedoms of people and communities. By reflecting on the role of law in consolidating the visions and logics of few multinationals in the global value chains of AI, it warns against the peril of regulating AI without looking at the methods and logistics of its material production. Following a detailed overview of the various (techno-)legal ways through which law enables the flow of materials, capital, and power from Global South to Global North, and from small players to lead firms, the paper concludes with some preliminary thoughts on a transformative agenda for the transnational regulation of infocomputational production.
Unlocking Cognitive Patterns: A Comparative Exploration of Linear and Deep Dimensionality Reduction Approaches in clusterizing Student Cognitive Profiles
Authors: Orsoni Matteo , Giovagnoli Sara , Garofalo Sara , mazzoni noemi , Spinoso Matilde , Benassi Mariagrazia
Published: February 2024

Cognitive profiling plays a crucial role in understanding learning dynamics, it contributes significantly to the development of students’ metacognitive skills and awareness of the learning process, thereby facilitating the adoption of tailored learning experiences. Clustering, proves effective in cognitive profiling. However, the challenge of the ”curse of dimensionality” introduces complexities that can impact the accuracy of cluster subject attribution. This paper investigates the evaluation of various cluster internal validation metrics and cluster stability using a dataset of 1626 participants comprising 54 items across six cognitive domains from the digital assessment tool, PROFFILO. We employ three clustering procedures—K-means, Gaussian Mixture Models, and Fuzzy-C Means—on raw data and apply linear (Principal Component Analysis) or non-linear (Variational Autoencoders), or a combination of PCA and VAE dimensionality reduction techniques. Results indicate that, for high-dimensional cognitive domains, a combination of PCA and VAE yields superior clustering quality. Conversely, in less high-dimensional domains, the VAE outperforms the PCA approach. In summary, the application of dimensionality reduction techniques demonstrates promising outcomes in student cognitive profiling, especially for data characterized by high dimensionality and heterogeneity. These findings have practical implications for advancing personalized learning experiences and enhancing our understanding of the intricate relationships within students’ cognitive domains.
Asking burdensome questions to complete strangers: Two naturalistic tests of politeness theory
Authors: Tomastikova Jana , Horne Zachary
Published: February 2024

When do we decide to be polite? Politeness theory states that social distance, degree of imposition, and perceived power dynamics shape the politeness of discourse, but few studies have used naturally occurring data to test this influential linguistic theory. This paper explores the theory’s applicability to text-based interactions on online platforms, focusing on data from Stack Overflow and Amazon. Analyzing over 60,000 Stack Overflow and over 2 million Amazon questions and answers, the study investigated whether the power dynamics inherent to question-askers dependence on their addressees caused questioners to be more polite than answerers. We observed some evidence consistent with politeness theory, but also identified situations in which answers were, in fact, more polite than questions. The study underscores the importance of testing psychological and linguistic theories in more naturally occurring settings, and provides a nuanced understanding of the dynamics of politeness across contexts.
Ordinal regression models made easy. A tutorial on parameter interpretation, data simulation, and power analysis.
Authors: Gambarota Filippo , Altoè Gianmarco
Published: February 2024

Ordinal data such as Likert items, ratings, or generic ordered variables are widespread in psychology. These variables are usually analyzed using metric models (e.g., standard linear regression) with important drawbacks in terms of statistical inference (reduced power and increased type-1 error) and prediction. One possible reason for not using ordinal regression models could be diﬀiculty in understanding parameters or conducting a power analysis. The tutorial aims to present ordinal regression models using a simulation-based approach. Firstly, we introduced the general model highlighting crucial components and assumptions. Then, we explained how to interpret parameters for a logit and probit model. Then we proposed two ways for simulating data as a function of predictors showing a 2x2 interaction with categorical predictors and the interaction between a numeric and categorical predictor. Finally, we showed an example of power analysis using simulations that can be easily extended to complex models with multiple predictors. The tutorial is supported by a collection of custom R functions developed to simulate and understand ordinal regression models. The code to reproduce the proposed simulation, the custom R functions, and additional examples of ordinal regression models can be found on the online Open Science Framework repository (https://osf.io/93h5j)
The perception of gender in two allegedly sex-specific body odor compounds MSH and HMHA
Authors: Ferdenzi Camille , Coppin Geraldine , Bousquet Christophe A. H. , Delplanque Sylvain
Published: February 2024

3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (MSH) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid (HMHA) are two allegedly sexually dimorphic compounds present in human sweat. While MSH is more typically found in women, HMHA is more typically found in men. Here we investigated whether it was possible to identify these two compounds as explicitly masculine or feminine. We also investigated whether gender and age differences would suggest a possible role of these compounds in opposite-sex attractiveness. To this end, we analyzed the perceptual ratings of t-shirts impregnated with these odors by 2,716 individuals (62% female) aged between 6 and 90, collected during a one-year museum exhibition. Analyses with Bayesian mixed-effects models revealed that only women rated MSH as more feminine than HMHA. However, this effect remained very small and Masculinity/Femininity ratings were extremely variable among the population. Women also rated both odors as more intense and less pleasant than men. Age related differences reflected the effect of increasing experience with body odors, such as an increase in odor familiarity. The loss of olfactory function with age, i.e. presbyosmia, was also reflected by decreased perceived intensity and unpleasantness (at least for HMHA). Overall, the results are not in favor of a role of MSH and/or HMHA in male-female attractiveness, however they do agree with the known gender and age differences in odor perception. Future studies on the olfactory determinants of human attractiveness would benefit from the identification of new sexually dimorphic compounds and from using experimental designs where the effect of odors are tested more implicitly.
Averages are not value-neutral: How ethical theories inform well-being aggregation
Authors: Panasiuk Sofia L , McCanny Anthony , Cheung Felix
Published: February 2024

As governments and institutions embrace well-being as a policy outcome, aggregating well-being in a population has become commonplace. The default method used to aggregate population well-being is taking the arithmetic mean (average). However, the default of using average well-being as a key performance indicator, while useful, can omit morally relevant information, like the extent of suffering and inequality. Based on a 0-10 point scale of life satisfaction, we examine three alternative methods of well-being aggregation grounded in the ethical theories of: prioritarianism (a weighted average that weighs lower scores heavier), sufficientarianism (the proportion of respondents answering below a ‘suffering’ threshold), and egalitarianism (the degree of inequality) and compare them to the average. Using the Gallup World Poll’s nationally representative data from over 1 million participants in 144 countries from 2019 to 2022, we found that the distribution of life satisfaction deviated significantly from a normal distribution in all countries, suggesting that using the mean and standard deviation cannot adequately capture the full distribution. After reranking countries according to alternative aggregation methods, we find that 17% of the time countries ranked using the Gini coefficient deviate by at least 20 ranks from the default average rankings. Finally, we observed that 27% of the time, increases in average well-being at the country level are accompanied by a rising gap between the top 90th and bottom 10th life satisfaction percentile. Our findings show the limitation in using the average and offer alternatives that are aligned with promoting equitable well-being growth.
Psychometric analysis of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale in Czech Republic
Authors: Buchta Ondrej , Malinakova Klara , Novák Lukas , Juklova Katerina , Meier Zdenek , Tavel Petr
Published: February 2024

This preprint presents fundamental psychometric data and introduces the Czech version of the DJGLS scale. The study encompasses a thorough validation process, shedding light on the scale's reliability and validity within the Czech context. This work contributes to the broader understanding of the DJGLS scale, facilitating its application in Czech-language research and enhancing cross-cultural comparability.
You Sound Like an Evil Young Man: A Distributional Semantic Analysis of Systematic Form-meaning Associations for Polarity, Gender, and Age in Fictional Characters' Names
Authors: Joosse Aäron Yme , Kuşcu Gökçe , Cassani Giovanni
Published: February 2024

We detail a successful attempt in modeling associations about the age, gender, and polarity of fictional characters based on their names alone. We started by collecting ratings through an online survey on a sample of annotated names from young adult, children, and fan fiction stories. We collected ratings over three semantic differentials (gender: male - female; age: old - young; polarity: evil - good) using a slider bar. First, we show that participants tend to agree with authors: names judged to better suit female/young/evil characters tend to be assigned to female/young/evil characters in the original stories. We then show that, in a series of computational studies, we can predict participants' ratings on the three attributes using a distributional semantic model which derives representations for both lexical and sub-lexical patterns. This attempt was successful for all names, including made-up ones, and using both a supervised and an unsupervised approach. The prediction supported by distributed representations is much better than that afforded by symbolic features such as letters and phonological features, also when accounting for the complexity of the feature spaces. Our results show that people interpret both known and novel names relying on lexical and sub-lexical patterns, which suggests the availability of systematic form-meaning mappings in everyday language use. This further lends credit to the hypothesis that language internal statistics can support systematic form-meaning associations which apply to both known and novel lexical items.
Why Has Inequality among Mongolian Herders Widened after Winter Disasters? An Explanation Based on Poverty Trap and the Allee Effect
Authors: Kezuka Kazuhiro , Kakinuma Kaoru , Tamura Kohei , Takikawa Hiroki , Fujioka Yuichiro
Published: February 2024

Winter disasters have exacerbated inequality among Mongolian herders with respect to livestock numbers. This study analyzes these dynamics through the lens of the poverty trap based on the concept of the Allee effect and examining panel survey data from herders collected between 2003 and 2013. The results suggest that poor herders stuck in the poverty trap endure significant damage, whereas rich herders outside the poverty trap experience minimal damage and high growth.