bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medicinal Plants of Solanum Species: The Promising Sources of Phyto-Insecticidal Compounds
Authors: Chidambaram Kumarappan , Alqahtani Taha , Alghazwani Yahia , Aldahish Afaf , Annadurai Sivakumar , Venkatesan Kumar , Dhandapani Kavitha , Thilagam Ellappan , Venkatesan Krishnaraju , Paulsamy Premalatha , Vasudevan Rajalakshimi , Kandasamy Geetha
Published: September 2022

Several medicinal plants have the potential to be a promising alternative pharmacological therapy for a variety of human illnesses. Many insects, including mosquitoes, are important vectors of deadly pathogens and parasites, which in the world’s growing human and animal populations can cause serious epidemics and pandemics. Medicinal plants continue to provide a large library of phytochemicals, which can be used to replace chemically synthesized insecticides, and utilization of herbal product-based insecticides is one of the best and safest alternatives for mosquito control. Identifying new effective phyto-derived insecticides is important to counter increasing insect resistance to synthetic compounds and provide a safer environment. Solanum genus (Solanaceae family or nightshades) comprises more than 2500 species, which are widely used as food and traditional medicine. All research publications on insecticidal properties of Solanaceae plants and their phytoconstituents against mosquitoes and other insects published up to July 2020 were systematically analyzed through PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EBSCO, Europe PMC, and Google Scholar databases, with focus on species containing active phytoconstituents that are biodegradable and environmentally safe. The current state of knowledge on larvicidal plants of Solanum species, type of extracts, target insect species, type of effects, name of inhibiting bioactive compounds, and their lethal doses (LC50 and LC90) were reviewed in this study. These studies provide valuable information about the activity of various species of Solanum and their phytochemical diversity, as well as a roadmap for optimizing select compounds for botanical repellents against a variety of vectors that cause debilitating and life-threatening human diseases.
Value of Serum miR-34a and Ang-1 in Severity Evaluation and Prognosis of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Li Qiaoyu , Chen Yongcun , Lin Liangfeng
Published: September 2022

Objects. To analyze the value of serum microribonucleic acid-34a (miR-34a) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) in severity evaluation and prognosis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Methods. A total of 96 neonates with RDS admitted to the hospital from February 2020 to April 2021 were selected as the research subjects. According to the neonatal critical illness score, the subjects were divided into non-critical group (n = 50), critical group (n = 27), and extremely critical group (n = 19). According to survival status, the subjects were divided into survival group (n = 76) and death group (n = 20). Serum miR-34a and Ang-1 levels and NCIS were compared between RDS neonates with different severity and prognosis. The predictive value of serum miR-34a, Ang-1, and NCIS for death was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results. Serum miR-34a and Ang-1 levels and NCIS were significantly different in the 3 groups

P
<
0.05

. Serum miR-34a level decreased in order, while serum Ang-1 level and NCIS increased in order from the extremely critical group, the critical group to the non-critical group

P
<
0.05

. The survival group had lower serum miR-34a level and higher Ang-1 level and NCIS than the death group

P
<
0.05

. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values of serum miR-34a, Ang-1, and NCIS to predict death of RDS neonates were 0.745, 0.7667, and 0.736. The cutoff values were 1.175, 6.815 ng/mL, and 85 points. The AUC of joint prediction with the three was 0.924, significantly larger than that of each index. The sensitivity and specificity were 94.70% and 90.00%. Conclusion. Serum miR-34a, Ang-1, and NCIS are closely related to the severity and prognosis of neonatal RDS. Combined detection of the three is helpful for prognosis of neonatal RDS.
Optimal Deployment of Dynamic Wireless Charging Lanes for Electric Vehicles considering the Battery Charging Rate
Authors: Du Jun , Pei Mingyang , Jia Bin , Wu Pan
Published: September 2022

Dynamic wireless charging (DWC) technology enables the charging of electric vehicles (EVs) en route without the need for stopping on long-distance trips. Based on DWC technology, a dynamic wireless charging system (DWCS) concept is proposed to determine the number of DWC lanes and their locations and lengths considering varying battery charging rates. A two-stage approach is proposed to design the optimal DWCS. First, we propose a mixed-integer model with nonlinear constraints to determine the locations and lengths of the charging lanes. This model is further reformulated as a mixed-integer linear problem to make it suitable to solve with off-the-shelf commercial solvers (e.g., Gurobi). Next, we propose a method to obtain an approximately optimal solution for the number of lanes. Then, a numerical example from a freeway in Guangdong Province, China, is investigated to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model and its effectiveness in reducing the construction costs.
Topical Anesthesia Offers Sufficient Pain Control for MicroPulse Transscleral Laser Therapy for Glaucoma
Authors: Vasella Belgin , Töteberg-Harms Marc
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient pain during and after MicroPulse Transscleral Laser Therapy (TLT) and vision-related quality of life using two different anesthesia protocols: “Topical Plus” anesthesia without standby anesthesia (study group), and analgosedation with standby anesthesia (control group). Methods. A retrospective, comparative chart review was conducted to evaluate patient pain between the two groups based on an analog pain scale at baseline and postoperatively (1 hour, 6 hours, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month). Furthermore, vision-related quality of life at baseline was compared at 1 month postoperatively. Results. Four eyes underwent MicroPulse TLT under Topical Plus anesthesia and 4 eyes underwent analgosedation. The mean age at the time of the MicroPulse TLT was 78.3 ± 6.4 years. In the study group, the reported pain level increased significantly immediately after the treatment (from 0.5 to 2.8,

p
=
0.003

; mild pain); however, no difference was found at any later time point compared to baseline. The vision-related quality of life was similar in both groups and was not negatively impacted by the MicroPulse TLT at 1 month after the treatment. Discussion/Conclusion. The Topical Plus anesthesia protocol provides adequate pain control for the patient to remain comfortable during and post-MicroPulse TLT treatment, with no changes in vision-related quality of life. Although the sample size was small and, thus, the results cannot be generalized, this case series showed that it is possible to perform MicroPulse TLT under topical anesthesia.
Evaluation of Double-Faced Tubularized Preputial Flap versus Duckett’s Procedure for Repair of Penoscrotal Hypospadias with Significant Penile Curvature: A Comparative Study
Authors: Shahin Mohamed , Abdalrazek Mohamed , Abdelmaboud Mohamed , Elsayaad Ibrahim Mahmoud , Mahmoud Muhammad Abdelhafez , Mousa Mahmoud Abdelhady , Elshamy Ahmed , Alsamahy Omar , Rehan Mohamed , Elhady Sayed , Gamaan Ibrahim
Published: September 2022

Background. Proximal hypospadias, with significant curvature, is one of the most challenging anomalies. Great diversity and a large number of procedures described over the last 4 decades confirmed the fact that no single procedure has been universally accepted or successful. So, the aim of this study is to evaluate double-faced tubularized preputial flap (DFPF) versus transverse tubularized inner preputial flap (Duckett’s procedure) as regards surgical outcomes, complications rate, and cosmetic results for repair of penoscrotal hypospadias with chordee. Patients and Methods. This was a prospective comparative study on 144 children with primary penoscrotal hypospadias with moderate or severe chordee, conducted at New Damietta and Assuit hospitals, Al-Azhar University, from March 2016 to March 2022. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups; group A (n = 72) underwent DFPF, and group B (n = 72) underwent Duckett’s procedure. Results. No significant difference was identified as regards demographic data. The follow-up period ranged from 20 to 66 months (mean of 28 months after DFPF and 31 months after Duckett’s repair), and the complication rate was 20.1% (29 of 144 children). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups as regards the urethral stricture, penile rotation, and total complication rate. HOSE score was adopted for assessment of surgical outcomes, urine stream, and cosmetic results. Conclusions. The DFPF technique is feasible and reliable for one-stage repair of penoscrotal hypospadias with chordee and can be considered as a good option as it ensures better surgical and cosmetic outcomes with lower incidence of complications.
Integrated Bioinformatics and Validation of lncRNA-Mediated ceRNA Network in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Han Ying , Jin Gong , Pan Min , Fang Zhoufei , Lu Dan , Cai Wenqin , Xu Changsheng
Published: September 2022

Background. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is a common pathology in ischemia heart disease. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are significant regulators related to many ischemia/reperfusion conditions. This study is aimed at exploring the molecule mechanism of lncRNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in MI/R. Methods. The dataset profiles of MI/R and normal tissues (GSE130217 and GSE124176) were obtained from the GEO database. Integrated bioinformatics were performed to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Thereafter, an lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network was constructed by the starBase database. The GO annotations and KEGG pathway analysis were conducted to study action mechanism and related pathways of DEGs in MI/R. A model of hypoxia/reoxygenation- (H/R-) treated HL-1 cell was performed to verify the expression of lncRNAs through qRT-PCR. Results. 2406 differentially expressed- (DE-) mRNAs, 70 DE-lncRNAs, and 156 DE-miRNAs were acquired. These DEGs were conducted to construct an lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network, and a subnetwork including lncRNA Xist/miRNA-133c/mRNA (Slc30a9) was screen out. The functional enrichment analyses revealed that the lncRNAs involved in the ceRNA network might functions in oxidative stress and calcium signaling pathway. The lncRNA Xist expression is reduced under H/R conditions, followed by the increased level of miRNA-133c, thus downregulating the expression of Slc30a9. Conclusion. In sum, the identified ceRNA network which included the lncRNA Xist/miR-133c/Slc30a9 axis might contribute a better understanding to the pathogenesis and development of MI/R injury and offer a novel targeted therapy way.
The Effectiveness of the

M

G
K

Measure against the Odds Ratio in the Epidemiological Study
Authors: Solozafy Bemena Bruce Masonova , Totohasina André , Feno Daniel Rajaonasy
Published: September 2022

In epidemiology, the rule of association is used to determine the factors at the origin of diseases; implicative statistical analysis is thus a necessary tool in epidemiology too. Epidemiologists have more often chosen the so-called odds ratio measure in their studies of the quantification of the implicit link between an exposure and disease. In order to obtain good results, we need to be sure that the odds ratio measure is really the most relevant measure available. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mathematical properties of the odds ratio. This paper proposes a comparative study of the behaviour and mathematical properties of the odds ratio measure, the measure of Guillaume–Khenchaff (MGK), and the normalised odd-ratio measure. We have chosen the MGK measure because the literature considers it to be a good measure for extracting implicit association rules according to its mathematical properties. The result in this paper concerns only the study of probabilistic data.
Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of Innovative Development Model and Ideological and Political Education Based on Big Data
Authors: Xie Xiaomei
Published: September 2022

With the increasing number of college students, the difficulty and workload of ideological and political education are also increasing. For the calculation and analysis of big data, it is most suitable to use data mining algorithm for calculation and research. In order to help college students' ideological and political education to develop and innovate, this paper establishes a new model of college students’ ideological and political education combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm to help carry out college students’ ideological and political education. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is tested. Therefore, this paper uses data mining algorithm to calculate and analyze the research in this paper. The algorithm is tested and analyzed. Through the test of data mining algorithm, the calculation accuracy of the algorithm is proved, and the feasibility of this paper is proved. This paper studies the ideological and political education by using data mining algorithm. The computational efficiency of the optimized data mining algorithm is twice that of the traditional algorithm, and the optimized algorithm has also been significantly improved. In general, the data mining algorithm optimized in this paper is reasonable, which can improve the calculation accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm.
WBS-Based Method in Teaching Management Information Project
Authors: Su Yuling
Published: September 2022

In modern times, with the development of industrialized society and the invention of clocks and watches, people have become more and more concerned about institutionalization, and higher education time and space have also shown the characteristics of institutionalization. In modern times, educational informatization has brought challenges and opportunities for educational reform and development. The vigorous development of education informatization has also produced changes in higher education spatiotemporally. For example, the rise of catechism and online learning, the importance of fragmented time, the development of space toward virtualization, and the expansion of interactive space for interpersonal interactions. In addition, the enrichment and sharing of educational materials, the informatization, and big data of educational management also contribute to the improvement of time efficiency and optimization of time structure in higher education. With the background of education under the new normal, this paper briefly analyzes the current situation of education informatization construction in colleges and universities from the perspective of education managers, and addresses the current situation and problems of teaching management informatization construction, such as organizational structure dominated by pyramidal functional departments, inefficiency, inability to connect work, difficulty in work gap, difficulty in horizontal coordination, and closed information. A work breakdown structure (WBS) based project management theory and work structure decomposition method are proposed. This paper finds that the improved association rule mining algorithm can improve the efficiency of teaching management practice in colleges and universities by more than 14.58%, which is an important reference value for college management informatization.
Dietary Factors and Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the United States—an Ecologic Analysis
Authors: Chen Jianjiu , Zhang Isabella L. , Terry Mary Beth , Yang Wan
Published: September 2022

Background:

Incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC; e.g., diagnosed before age 50) in the United States has increased substantially since the 1990s but the underlying reasons remain unclear.

Methods:

We examined the ecologic associations between dietary factors and EOCRC incidence in adults aged 25–49 during 1977–2016 in the United States, using negative binomial regression models, accounting for age, period, and race. The models also incorporated an age-mean centering (AMC) approach to address potential confounding by age. We stratified the analysis by sex and computed incidence rate ratio (IRR) for each study factor. Study factor data (for 18 variables) came from repeated national surveys; EOCRC incidence data came from the Surveillance Epidemiology, and End Results Program.

Results:

Results suggest that confounding by age on the association with EOCRC likely existed for certain study factors (e.g., calcium intake), and that AMC can alleviate the confounding. EOCRC incidence was positively associated with smoking [IRR (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17 (1.10–1.24) for men; 1.15 (1.09–1.21) for women] and alcohol consumption [IRR (95% CI), 1.08 (1.04–1.12) for men; 1.08 (1.04–1.11) for women]. No strong associations were found for most other study factors (e.g., fiber and calcium).

Conclusions:

Alcohol consumption was positively associated with EOCRC and has increased among young adults since the 1980s, which may have contributed to the EOCRC incidence increases since the 1990s. The AMC approach may help alleviate age confounding in similar ecologic analyses.

Impact:

Increases in alcohol consumption may have contributed to the recent increases in colorectal cancer incidence among young adults.

See related commentary by Ni et al., p. 164
A Single-Arm Phase Ib/II Study of Lenvatinib plus Eribulin in Advanced Liposarcoma and Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Chen Tom Wei-Wu , Hsu Chia-Lang , Hong Ruey-Long , Lee Jen-Chieh , Chang Koping , Yu Chih-Wei , Chen San-Chi , Guo Jhe-Cyuan , Chen Mei-Lu , Hsu Meng-Chi , Kung Ting-Fang , Cheng Ann-Lii , Yen Chueh-Chuan
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Satisfactory treatment options for advanced leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma are limited. The LEADER study (NCT03526679) investigated the safety and efficacy of lenvatinib plus eribulin.

Patients and

Methods:

LEADER is a multicenter phase Ib/II study for advanced leiomyosarcoma or liposarcoma. The phase Ib part enrolled 6 patients to determine the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) with the starting dose of lenvatinib 18 mg/day and eribulin 1.1 mg/m2 D1, D8 every 21 days. The primary endpoint of the phase II part was objective response rate (ORR) based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1, with phase Ib patients preplanned to be included in the efficacy analysis. Translational analyses were based on the transcriptomic data obtained from the NanoString nCounter platform.

Results:

Thirty patients were enrolled (leiomyosarcoma 21, liposarcoma 9); the median age was 59. One patient had to temporarily stop lenvatinib due to grade 2 arthritis in the first cycle, meeting DLT criteria. Four of 6 patients had to decrease the dose of lenvatinib to 14 mg between cycles two and three. RP2D was determined at lenvatinib 14 mg/day and eribulin 1.1 mg/m2. The confirmed ORR was 20%, and the ORR was not significantly different between phase Ib/II cohorts (P = 0.23). The median progression-free survival was 8.56 months (95% confidence interval, 4.40–not reached). Translational studies suggested increased dendritic cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) after treatment.

Conclusions:

Lenvatinib plus eribulin has a manageable safety profile and exhibits promising efficacy for treating advanced leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma.
First-in-Class Small Molecule to Inhibit CYP11A1 and Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis
Authors: Karimaa Mari , Riikonen Reetta , Kettunen Henna , Taavitsainen Päivi , Ramela Meri , Chrusciel Marcin , Karlsson Stefan , Rummakko Petteri , Simola Outi , Wohlfahrt Gerd , Hakulinen Pasi , Vuorela Annamari , Joensuu Heikki , Utriainen Tapio , Fizazi Karim , Oksala Riikka
Published: September 2022

Binding of steroid hormones to their cognate receptors regulates the growth of most prostate and breast cancers. We hypothesized that CYP11A inhibition might halt the synthesis of all steroid hormones, because CYP11A is the only enzyme that catalyses the first step of steroid hormone biosynthesis. We speculated that a CYP11A inhibitor could be administered safely provided that the steroids essential for life are replaced. Virtual screening and systematic structure–activity relationship optimization were used to develop ODM-208, the first-in-class, selective, nonsteroidal, oral CYP11A1 inhibitor. Safety of ODM-208 was assessed in rats and Beagle dogs, and efficacy in a VCaP castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) xenograft mouse model, in mice and dogs, and in six patients with metastatic CRPC. Blood steroid hormone concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. ODM-208 binds to CYP11A1 and inhibited its enzymatic activity. ODM-208 administration led to rapid, complete, durable, and reversible inhibition of the steroid hormone biosynthesis in an adrenocortical carcinoma cell model in vitro, in adult noncastrated male mice and dogs, and in patients with CRPC. All measured serum steroid hormone concentrations reached undetectable levels within a few weeks from the start of ODM-208 administration. ODM-208 was well tolerated with steroid hormone replacement. The toxicity findings were considered related to CYP11A1 inhibition and were reversed after stopping of the compound administration. Steroid hormone biosynthesis can be effectively inhibited with a small-molecule inhibitor of CYP11A1. The findings suggest that administration of ODM-208 is feasible with concomitant corticosteroid replacement therapy.
The Role of Serum Resolvin D1 Levels in Determining the Presence and Prognosis of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Karayiğit Orhan , Nurkoç Serdar Gökhan , Başyiğit Funda , Kızıltunç Emrullah
Published: September 2022

Background: Resolvin D1 (RvD1) can play a determining role in inflammatory cell migration and reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines to enhance cardioprotection. The aim of this study was to compare serum RvD1 levels in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and individuals with normal coronary arteries (NCAs) and to evaluate the association between serum RvD1 levels and prognostic markers of STEMI. Methods: 140 subjects (88 patients diagnosed with the indication of STEMI and 52 healthy individuals with NCA) were studied. Results: Regression analysis revealed that RvD1 levels were independently associated with STEMI. While RvD1 levels were negatively correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, pro-brain natriuretic peptide, peak troponin, and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction thrombus grade, they were positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction. An RvD1 cut-off value of 5.07 (ng/mL) was effective in predicting STEMI with a sensitivity of 79.5% and specificity of 96.2%. Conclusion: Serum RvD1 levels were found to be lower in the group with STEMI compared to the control group. Levels of RvD1 at admission were associated with poor prognostic markers of STEMI.
Secondary mathematics teachers’ use of learners’ responses to foster justification skills
Authors: Pfende Hilda , Ndemo Zakaria , Ndemo Osten
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to understand how secondary mathematics teachers engage with learners during the teaching and learning process. A sample of six participants was purposively selected from a population of ordinary level mathematics teachers in one urban setting in Zimbabwe. Field notes from lesson observations and audio-taped teachers’ narrations from interviews constituted data for the study to which thematic analysis technique was then applied to determine levels of mathematical intimacy and integrity displayed by the teachers as they interacted with the students. The study revealed some inadequacies in the manner in which the teachers handled students’ responses as they strive to promote justification skills during problem solving, in particular teachers did not ask students to explain wrong answers. The teachers indicated that they did not have sufficient time to engage learners in authentic problem-solving activities since they would be rushing to complete syllabus for examination purposes. On the basis of these findings, we suggest teachers to appreciate the need to pay special attention to the kinds of responses given by learners during problem-solving in order to promote justification skills among learners.
Impact of the introduction to special education course in improving attitudes among handicapped individuals
Authors: Aljundi Khalid Mohammad
Published: September 2022

The present descriptive study aimed to survey the Faculty of Education students’ attitudes to handicapped individuals in Jordan, in a bid to explore the need for programmes to change negative attitudes to this group. The population of the study consisted of all the 123 students who registered in the introduction to special education course in the summer course in the academic year 2021-2021 or the first semester of the academic year 2021-2022 among bachelor’s degree majors of the Faculty of Education at the Arab Open University/Jordan. The sample of the study consisted of 57 students, who were selected at random of the population. The tool applied was that developed by Al-Qureiti for students’ attitudes to handicapped individuals, which was adapted for Jordan’s environment by Darwish. It consisted of 60 paragraphs of three sections on different aspects. On the other hand, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, T-test and one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) are adopted. It is found that there are statistically significant differences at 0.05≥α attributed to taking the course. There are similar statistically significant differences related to the gender factor, as female are shown to have more positive attitudes than male.
Effectiveness of the project writing training developed for pre-service primary teachers
Authors: Göçen Kabaran Güler , Altıntaş Sedat
Published: September 2022

The study investigated the effectiveness of the project writing training developed and implemented for pre-service primary teachers. A case study was adopted in the research. The participants of the study were 17 students of the department of primary school teaching at nine different universities in Turkey. In this context, an online project preparation training was given to participant pre-service primary teachers. The prepared training was presented to pre-service teachers as theoretical and practical. At the end of this process, pre-service teachers were provided to prepare project proposals under the guidance of academic consultancy. A semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers was used to collect the research data. The obtained data were subjected to descriptive and content analysis. Within the scope of the research, it was determined that the participant pre-service teachers had positive opinions about the planning of the developed education and its contribution to them. It was concluded that some of the participants had negative opinions about the duration, timing and onlineness of the training.
A two-element planar multiple input multiple output array for ultra-wideband applications
Authors: Mohammad Zakir Hossain Abdul Kayum , Ibn Ibrahimy Muhammad , Sutikno Tole , Jopri Mohd Hatta , Jamil Alsayaydeh Jamil Abedalrahim , Manap Mustafa
Published: September 2022

In this article, a planar monopole two-element multiple input multiple output (MIMO) array has been designed and characterized with the intention of ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The array has a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) working bandwidth (BW) of 13.258 GHz between 3.394-16.652 GHz, with a fractional BW (FBW) of 132.28% with respect to a center frequency of 10.023 GHz. The two elements of the MIMO array are 900 polarizations mismatched for better isolation. Consequently, less than 20 dB of isolation has been achieved throughout the entire BW. Also observed was a good combined realized peak gain of up to 5.85 dBi and total efficiency of greater than 85%. For MIMO performance key parameters, the array exhibits the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) <0.0033, diversity gain (DG) >9.983, total active reflection coefficient (TARC) <0.445, mean effective gain difference (MEG12) ≈0 dB, and the channel capacity loss (CCL) <0.4 bps/Hz. This design would encourage designers to create high-performance MIMO antennas for UWB frequency-related applications.
STUDENT'S INDEPENDENT WORK AS AN ELEMENT OF THE MODERN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Gorb-Gavrylchenko I. V.
Published: September 2022

SUMMARY. The article presents the types of independent work of a studentʼs dentist. The organization of independent work is not a personal matter of the student, but the managerial function of the university, the task of the teaching staff, which is of particular importance in the context of distance learning. The introduction of self-study methods contributes to the comprehend and independent work of the student, in the first instance with educational material, then with scientific information, build the foundation for self-organization and self-education. The decisive role in the organization of independent work of the student belongs to the teacher, who must work not with the student “in general”, but with a specific personality, with its strengths and weaknesses, individual abilities and inclinations. The task of the teacher is to see and develop the best qualities of the student as a future dentist.
БАГАТОПЛІДНА ВАГІТНІСТЬ ПІСЛЯ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ДОПОМІЖНИХ РЕПРОДУКТИВНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ: ЇЇ РИЗИКИ, УСКЛАДНЕННЯ, ГЕСТАЦІЙНИЙ ПЕРЕБІГ ТА РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ
Authors: Франчук М. О. , Франчук О. А.
Published: September 2022

РЕЗЮМЕ. Багатоплідною вагітністю (БВ) називають вагітність, за якої в організмі жінки розвивається два або більше плодів. БВ є вагітністю високого ризику і належить до розділу патологічного акушерства у зв’язку із загрозою виникнення несприятливих наслідків для матері та плодів. В останні 15–20 років частота БВ і пологів прогресивно зростає, що зумовлено широким упровадженням лікування різних форм безпліддя, а також застосуванням допоміжних репродуктивних технологій (ДРТ). Однією з найскладніших для вирішення проблемою при багатоплідді є часте, а можливо й переважне розродження до терміну 37 тижнів вагітності. У зв’язку з широким та прогресивним упровадженням ДРТ у сучасне акушерство частота багатопліддя буде продовжувати зростати і надалі. Тому рання діагностика БВ, запобігання та усунення акушерських ускладнень при вагітності і пологах є основними завданнями у вирішенні питання зниження перинатальних втрат та материнських патологій при багатоплідді.

Мета – вивчити і проаналізувати анамнестичні особливості, частоту акушерських та перинатальних ускладнень у жінок із багатоплідною вагітністю після застосування ДРТ, котрим не була проведена (у зв’язку з відмовою пацієнток) профілактика переривання вагітності шляхом установлення акушерського розвантажувального песарію.

Матеріал і методи. Проаналізовано анамнестичні особливості, перебіг вагітності, пологів, післяпологового періоду і стан новонароджених у 35 жінок з БВ після ДРТ і яким не проводилось встановлення акушерського розвантажувального песарію з профілактичною метою у зв’язку з відмовою пацієнток від даної маніпуляції. Проводились клінічні методи обстеження, загальноприйняті лабораторні обстеження та трансвагінальна цервікометрія.

Результати. Нами отримано результати аналізу соматичного та соціального анамнезу у жінок, виявлено низку екстрагенітальних захворювань у вагітних з багатопліддям, досліджено перебіг у них гестаційного періоду та пологів, оцінка стану новонароджених, що вказують на високу частоту різноманітних гестаційних ускладнень у жінок з багатопліддям, частим виникненням передчасних пологів, а також – високу загрозу антенатальних та перинатальних ускладнень і втрат.

Висновки. У результаті дослідження виявлено, що у жінок із БВ досліджуваної нами групи спостерігався високий відсоток виникнення гестаційних ускладнень, передчасних пологів і, відповідно, народження дітей з низькою масою тіла з наступними наслідками у постнатальному періоді.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДІАГНОСТИЧНИХ КРИТЕРІЇВ ПРИ РІЗНИХ СТАДІЯХ ГОСТРОЇ СПАЙКОВОЇ НЕПРОХІДНОСТІ ТОНКОЇ КИШКИ
Authors: Беденюк А. Д. , Бурак А. Є. , Нецюк О. Г.
Published: September 2022

РЕЗЮМЕ. У роботі вивчено частоту, специфічність, діагностичну точність показників внутрішньочеревного тиску (ВЧТ), сонографічних та рентгенологічних діагностичних критеріїв при різних стадіях гострої спайкової непрохідності тонкої кишки (ГСНТК).

Мета – вивчити цінність діагностичних критеріїв при різних стадіях гострої спайкової непрохідності тонкої кишки.

Матеріал і методи. Проаналізовано результати клінічного обстеження 182 хворих на гостру спайкову непрохідність тонкої кишки, які лікувались у відділенні хірургії № 1 на базі КНП «Тернопільська обласна клінічна лікарня» ТОР за період з 2014 по 2021 рік. У комплексі діагностичної програми хворим проводили вимірювання внутрішньочеревного тиску, сонографічні та рентгенологічні обстеження.

Результати. У 73,9 % обстежених пацієнтів у стадії компенсації виявлено І ступінь підвищення ВЧТ, що має найвищу чутливість та діагностичну точність у цій стадії, тоді як у стадії декомпенсації у 79,8 % пацієнтів спостерігали ІІ ступінь підвищення ВЧТ, що має найвищу чутливість та діагностичну точність у цій стадії. У 13,8 % пацієнтів у стадії декомпенсації діагностовано ІІІ ступінь підвищення ВЧТ.

Сонографічно у стадії компенсації ГСНТК розширення просвіту кишки >30 мм та «секвестрацію рідини» в її просвіті виявлено у 76,1 %, збільшення висоти Керкрінгових складок >10 мм – у 44,6 % хворих та гіперпневматизацію кишечника – у 88,6 % пацієнтів. У стадії декомпенсації ці сонографічні ознаки ГСНТК виявлено зі 100 % частотою.

За умов компенсованої ГСНТК потовщення стінки кишки >4 мм виникало у 25,5 % хворих, маятникоподібна перистальтика – у 64,7 %, тоді як у стадії декомпенсації ці ознаки виникали значно частіше – у 88,3 % та 87,2 % хворих відповідно. Також у стадії компенсації вільної рідини у черевній порожнині не виявляли, а у стадії декомпенсації ця ознака спостерігалась у 85,1 % хворих.

Рентгенологічно у хворих в стадії компенсації чаші Клойберга були виявлені у 22,7 %, а у стадії декомпенсації ознака виявлена у 100 % хворих. Проте у стадії компенсації гіперпневматизація спостерігалась у 76,1 % хворих, а у стадії декомпенсації цю ознаку виявлено у 68,1 % пацієнтів.

Висновки. Гостра спайкова непрохідність тонкої кишки у стадії компенсації супроводжується розвитком внутрішньочеревної гіпертензії І ступеня у 73,9 % хворих, а у стадії декомпенсації – внутрішньочеревної гіпертензії ІІ ступеня у 79,8 % хворих, що має найвищу чутливість та діагностичну точність у цих стадіях відповідно. Ультрасонографічно об’єктивними діагностичними ознаками стадії декомпенсації є розширення просвіту кишки >30 мм, збільшення висоти керкрінгових складок >10 мм, гіперпневматизація кишки – у 100 % пацієнтів, потовщення кишкової стінки понад 4 мм (88,3 %) та вільна рідина в черевній порожнині (80 %).
УЛЬТРАСТРУКТУРНІ ЗМІНИ РЕСПІРАТОРНИХ АЛЬВЕОЛОЦИТІВ В ДИНАМІЦІ ПІСЛЯЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЇ ТЕРМІЧНОЇ ТРАВМИ
Authors: Литвинюк Д. В. , Кліщ І. М. , Довбуш А. В. , Небесна З. М. , Гаврилюк-Скиба Г. О.
Published: September 2022

РЕЗЮМЕ. Термічні ураження шкіри, як вид екзогенних травматичних впливів, пов’язані з ушкоджувальною дією на різні тканини та органи, зокрема легені. У патогенезі уражень легень при опіковій травмі ключовими факторами є гіповолемія, порушення загального і місцевого кровообігу, оксидативний стрес, запальні зміни. Проте в науковій літературі недостатньо даних щодо вивчення ремоделювання респіраторного відділу легень при опіках.

Мета – встановити субмікроскопічні зміни альвеолоцитів І типу респіраторного відділу легень тварин після термічного ураження.

Матеріал і методи. Опікову травму наносили під кетаміновим наркозом двома мідними пластинами площею 14,5 см2 нагрітими у кип’яченій воді до температури 97–100 ºС на епільовану поверхню шкіри спини тварини протягом 15 секунд. Розміри ділянки ураження складали 18–20 % поверхні тіла тварин. Тварин декапітували на 1, 7, 14 та 21 доби.

Результати. Проведені субмікроскопічні дослідження респіраторного відділу легень в ранні терміни (1, 7 доби) встановили пристосувально-компенсаторні зміни респіраторних епітеліоцитів, що проявлялися гіпертрофією органел, помірним набряком гіалоплазми. Виявлено зменшення в цитоплазмі мікропіноцитозних міхурців. Ядра були збільшені, в них переважав еухроматин, каріолема втрачала свою структурованість.

У пізні терміни (14, 21 доби) виявлено значні деструктивно-дегенеративні зміни альвеолоцитів І типу. Цитоплазма була різко просвітлена, утворювала вітрилоподібні випинання в просвіт альвеоли, практично були відсутні мікропіноцитозні міхурці. Ядра містили переважно гетерохроматин, були осміофільні, визначалися інвагінації каріолеми, яка втрачала чітку контурованість мембран.

Висновки. Встановлено, що в динаміці після експериментантальної термічної травми в респіраторному відділі легень відбуваються глибокі порушення ультраструктури пневмоцитів І типу, які наростають із терміном спостереження після опіку.
ПОРУШЕННЯ СЕРЦЕВОГО РИТМУ ТА ПРОВІДНОСТІ У ХВОРИХ ПОХИЛОГО ВІКУ З ІЗОЛЬОВАНОЮ СИСТОЛІЧНОЮ АРТЕРІАЛЬНОЮ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЄЮ
Authors: Шейко С. О.
Published: September 2022

РЕЗЮМЕ. Незважаючи на значні успіхи в діагностиці і лікуванні хворих похилого віку з ІСАГ, на сьогодні відсутні дані міжнародних рандомізованих багатоцентрових досліджень щодо вивчення порушень серцевого ритму та провідності у пацієнтів похилого віку з ізольованою систолічною АГ і їх залежності від структурно-функціонального стану серця.

Метою дослідження було вивчити спектр порушень серцевого ритму у хворих похилого віку з ізольованою систолічною артеріальною гіпертензією.

Матеріал і методи. Основну групу склали 87 пацієнтів віком (71,2±3,5) років з ІСАГ, з ФВ ЛШ > 50 % та рівнем натрійуретичного пептиду (NT-pro BNP) >125 пг/мл. Серед них 57 (66 %) жінок і 30 (34 %) чоловіків. Групу порівняння склали 43 пацієнти з ІСАГ, ФВ ЛШ > 50 % та рівнем NT-pro BNP <125 пг/мл, з них 27 (63 %) жінок і 16 (37 %) чоловіків віком (70,4±3,7) років. Проведено загальноклінічне обстеження, електрокардіографічне (ЕКГ) дослідження, добове моніторування електрокардіограми та артеріального тиску. Структурно-функціональний стан серця вивчали за допомогою одно- і двомірної ехокардіографії (ЕХО-КГ) на апараті "Esaote.my lab class C" за стандартною методикою згідно з рекомендаціями Американського товариства з ехокардіографії та Європейської асоціації з ехокардіографії. Статистичну обробку даних проводили за допомогою пакета програм Statistica v. 6.1 (серійний № AGAR909E415822FA).

Результати. Порушення ритму серця діагностовано у 62 (71,3 %) пацієнтів з ІСАГ. У 51 (58,6 %) пацієнта переважала суправентрикулярна екстрасистолія, а у 13 (14,9 %) пацієнтів – пароксизмальна форма фібриляції передсердь. Шлуночкову екстрасистолію та епізоди нестійкої шлуночкової тахікардії виявлено у 15 (17,2 %) пацієнтів. Кількість надшлуночкових та шлуночкових екстрасистол у контрольній групі була клінічно незначною (17 (39,5 %) та 7 (23,2 %) випадків відповідно.

Порушення внутрішньошлуночкової провідності спостерігали у 57 (65,5 %) пацієнтів з ІСАГ.

У 69 хворих (79 %) основної групи переважала концентрична ГЛШ з достовірним потовщенням стінок ЛШ як в систолу, так і в діастолу. Ексцентрична ГЛШ мала місце у 8 (9 %) пацієнтів. Концентричне ремоделювання діагностували у 10 (12 %) хворих з ІСАГ. Значення товщини міжшлуночкової перегородки (ТМШП) як в систолу, так і в діастолу у хворих з ХСНзбФВ достовірно перевищували такі в групі порівняння (p<0,05). Гіперфункція ЛП у пацієнтів з ІСАГ супроводжується статистично значущим збільшенням об’єму ЛП.

Висновки. 1. Ремоделювання серця у хворих похилого віку з ІСАГ є структурно-функціональною основою порушень серцевого ритму. Переважання концентричної ГЛШ у пацієнтів з ІСАГ вказує на наявність потужного фактора ризику розвитку аритмій та серцево-судинних ускладнень у даної категорії хворих.

Пацієнти з ІСАГ характеризуються широким спектром надшлуночкових і шлуночкових аритмій, а саме екстрасистолії, фібриляції передсердь, шлуночкової тахікардії.
Contribuições da tecnologia BIM para o ensino-aprendizagem de projeto arquitetônico com ênfase em aspectos técnico-construtivos
Authors: Schulz Victor Mateus , Ponzio Angelica Paiva
Published: September 2022

Este artigo é resultado de uma dissertação de mestrado focada na avaliação do uso de uma tecnologia de Modelagem da Informação da Construção (BIM) “como um instrumento pedagógico para o ensino-aprendizagem de conteúdos específicos no ensino de graduação em arquitetura”. O ambiente de investigação da pesquisa deu-se no contexto de uma disciplina de projeto arquitetônico do quarto semestre de um curso de graduação em Arquitetura a qual objetiva o desenvolvimento do projeto de um hotel design integrando aspectos ambientais, conceituais, programáticos, formais e técnico-construtivos pautados no emprego da tecnologia woodframe. Ao empregar uma metodologia comum a Design Science Research, a pesquisa elaborou e testou artefatos desenvolvidos para a etapa “Técnico-construtiva” do modelo didático da disciplina no ambiente da chamada “Estratégia BIM”. Os artefatos propostos referem-se a um exercício dirigido composto por um modelo BIM de referência em woodframe, um template em ArchiCAD e uma apostila. Para avaliar a aplicação desta estratégia utilizaram-se questionários estruturados e análise direta, cujas contribuições teóricas serão apresentadas na forma de potencialidades e limitações/condicionantes. A principal constatação da pesquisa foi que, além de permitir a exploração de aspectos técnico-construtivos por parte dos estudantes, a inserção dos artefatos no contexto da “Estratégia BIM” possibilitou uma maior integração, aprofundamento e entendimento destes aspectos no contexto do ensino de projeto. Dentre as perspectivas futuras apresentadas, almeja-se que os resultados do trabalho estendam-se ainda para a promoção de uma integração com as demais disciplinas da área técnico-construtiva do curso.
Ensino-aprendizagem de concepção e análise estrutural em BIM
Authors: Mattana Leticia , Souza João Carlos
Published: September 2022

O entendimento de sistemas estruturais, fundações e componentes construtivos é essencial para a formação e atuação profissional de arquitetos e urbanistas. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a adoção de Building Information Modelling (BIM) no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de concepção e análise estrutural para estudantes de arquitetura e urbanismo. Adota-se a pesquisa-ação como método desta pesquisa, na qual foram utilizados questionários como instrumentos de coleta de dados, aplicados antes e após a realização de uma disciplina optativa da graduação. Os procedimentos compreendem a realização da concepção e análise estrutural por meio de simulações em BIM. Os resultados demonstram que a explicação teórica e as atividades práticas desenvolvidas em aula são os principais fatores que contribuíram para a aprendizagem de estruturas, influenciadas pelas seguintes ações: visualização tridimensional, percepções de erros de projeto indicadas pelo software BIM, realização de encontros semanais, integração da teoria com a prática e desenvolvimento de pensamento crítico. Como contribuições, essa pesquisa apresenta uma experiência de adoção de BIM na educação de arquitetos e urbanistas para ensino-aprendizagem de sistemas estruturais integrado ao projeto de arquitetura.
Governança ambiental: da destruição das florestas até os objetivos de descarbonização
Authors: Viola Eduardo , Franchini Matias Alejandro
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer um panorama geral do lugar do meio ambiente na história do Brasil e do lugar do Brasil na governança global da mudança climática, área em que o país tem sido um ator de relevância. O marco teórico de referência é o enfoque do compromisso climático que analisa a trajetória das emissões, das políticas climáticas domésticas e externas ao país. Os conceitos do enfoque são aplicados a cinco períodos históricos.
Os Códigos Penais brasileiros no combate à corrupção
Authors: Biason Rita de Cássia
Published: September 2022

Entender as práticas de corrupção no Brasil, desde a Independência até a Operação Lava Jato, implica trazer à tona o ordenamento jurídico pertinente ao controle de desvios de recursos públicos e abusos de poder político. A história do combate à corrupção no Brasil é marcada por uma tradição punitivo-legalista, desde a promulgação do primeiro Código Penal em 1830. Analisaremos, neste artigo, como a corrupção e as suas outras variantes foram tratadas nas Constituições de 1822 e 1988 e nos Códigos Penais promulgados, de 1890 a 1940. Nesse ínterim, ganham destaque os crimes de corrupção (passiva e ativa), prevaricação, concussão e peculato, práticas recorrentes na história da corrupção brasileira.
A desconfiança política dos eleitores em face do Congresso Nacional e dos partidos políticos: o déficit de nossa história representativa
Authors: Meneguello Rachel , Porto Fabíola Brigante del
Published: September 2022

Partidos e parlamentos ocupam a cena institucional do Brasil independente em quase toda a sua bicentenária duração. O país acolheu sistemas políticos distintos, sistemas partidários variados e rupturas institucionais até alcançar, mais de 160 anos depois, em 1985, seu principal e mais duradouro experimento democrático. Se a presença regular de partidos marca nosso desenvolvimento político, a história da relação entre as instituições representativas e os cidadãos brasileiros é muito variada. Estes são alguns dos principais traços que marcam essa relação e resumem os constrangimentos que influenciaram, em linhas gerais, nesse longo período, a predominante relação de desconfiança dos cidadãos brasileiros com os partidos políticos e o Congresso Nacional que caracteriza praticamente todo o período democrático recente.
O imperativo da reforma política
Authors: Lamounier Bolívar
Published: September 2022

A reforma das instituições políticas é um tema constante na história do Brasil independente. Decorridos mais de três quartos de século desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial, não cabe a menor dúvida de que os impasses brasileiros atingiram uma dimensão espantosa e de que não teremos como superá-los sem uma reforma política abrangente e enérgica.
Regimes e intervenção política dos militares no Brasil
Authors: Amorim Neto Octavio
Published: September 2022

As relações entre o poder político e as forças armadas são peça-chave para o funcionamento de quase todos os sistemas políticos. Ao longo de 200 anos de história, os militares desempenharam papel de relevo ou na criação ou no fim de todos os sete regimes políticos que o Brasil teve. Portanto, analisar o papel político das Forças Armadas brasileiras e suas consequências é tema crucial e complexo. Dialogando de forma seletiva com a vasta bibliografia sobre o assunto, este ensaio revisita a história nacional em busca dos aspectos mais marcantes das relações entre Forças Armadas e política e entre civis e militares. A conclusão a que se chega é enfaticamente pessimista: há uma relação negativa entre a relevância política dos militares e a qualidade da democracia no Brasil.