bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regime Switching Mechanism during Energy Futures' Price Bubbles
Authors: Koy Ayben
Published: January 2022

In the last twenty years, many huge ups and downs have been seen in not only oil prices but also in other spot and derivative' energy prices too. This study has two main purposes. The main purpose of the study is to detect bubbles and their beginning and ending dates in energy derivatives futures prices. Crude oil WTI, natural gas, and heating oil monthly prices are analyzed for the period beginning from 1990 to 2018.  Following detecting bubbles, Markov Regime Switching Autoregressive (MSAR) models and Markov Regime Switching Vector Autoregressive (MSVAR) models are used to analyze the movement of the regime-switching mechanism between the bubble dates. The general evidence indicates that the switching mechanism during bubble periods has some mutual similarities as generally their direction is to regime 1 as recession with low/negative returns and high volatility. Following positive return periods in energy prices, mostly after the high return/high volatility periods, the market actors might face bubble collapses.
Eastern Mediterranean Area in Energy Security of The European Union: From Sea Border Issues to Economic Conflicts of Interest
Authors: Tutar Hasan , Sarkhanov Teymur , Guliyeva Nigar
Published: January 2022

The interdependence experienced on a global scale today has gained more importance with the increasing demand for energy resources. The situation of interdependence may cause various conflicts due to the differences in strategy between countries regarding access to energy resources. In this destructive competitive environment, hydrocarbons, especially natural gas, continue to be an essential means of competition as a strategic energy source. This situation makes the European Union and the countries that are the suppliers of the energy demand of the Union and the transition countries dependent on each other. This situation of interdependence makes energy resources the most important policy tool. Russia, one of the energy suppliers of European states, uses this advantage as an essential political pressure tool. European Union countries turn to alternative resources and areas to reduce dependency in the face of this situation. In recent years, the Eastern Mediterranean basin has been added to these areas. With the discovery of significant hydrocarbon resources in the Eastern Mediterranean, the importance of this region for European countries is increasing. However, this situation causes maritime border disputes and geopolitical conflicts between the countries of the region. This conceptual study emphasizes the solution of problems related to cross-border hydrocarbon resources and the extent to which natural gas reserves in the Eastern Mediterranean will be an alternative to Russian natural gas.Keywords: EU energy security, Eastern Mediterranean gas reserves, Sea border issues, Exclusive economic zoneJEL Classifications: P28, P48, K32.DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.12602
Decomposition Factors Household Energy Subsidy Consumption in Indonesia: Kaya Identity and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Approach
Authors: Sudarmaji Eka , Achsani Noer Azam , Arkeman Yandra , Fahmi Idqan
Published: January 2022

For decades, the subsidy had prompted excessive and wasteful while offering little motivation to boost energy efficiency or reduce domestic greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aimed to measure household subsidy energy by examining the relationship between the other ten variables. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) and decomposition index were deployed to recognize the determinant effects that drive household's subsidy energy consumption. This study also presented an ARDL model applied. The robustness of the Granger Causality, Long-run, and Short-run causality during 1990-2017 was assessed. Based on LMDI, we found out that Population, Income Per Capita, Ratio National Renewal Energy over Fuel Fossil, Gross Capital Stock, Urban Household Consumption, and Ratio Household Subsidy were the positive factors that aggravate the change in household energy subsidy. The negative sign of Ratio National Energy Intensity effect, Ratio Fossil Renewal Energy effect, Ratio Capital Labour substitution, and Ratio Household over Labour Force signified the decreasing significance of less household energy subsidy. On the ECM, we identified a negative sign speed-of-adjustment and significant at 1%. It implied that all the ten variable effects were converging in the long run after an experience shocks. The equation parameters were considered stable since the CUSUM gets inside the two critical lines. Additional RESET test of the stability to ascertain whether the estimated model was linear or correctly specified has been performed.
Mitigating Emissions in India: Accounting for the Role of Real Income, Renewable Energy Consumption and Investment in Energy
Authors: Bekun Festus Victor
Published: January 2022

Accomplishing environmental sustainability has become a global initiative whilst addressing climate change and its effects. Thus, there is a necessity for innovation on part of economies as they seek energy for sustainable development. Thus, we explore the case of India a highly industrialized and heavy emitter of carbon emission. To this end, this study explores the effect of renewable energy, non-renewable, economic growth, and investment in the energy sector on CO2 emission in the Indian economy. Canonical Cointegration Regression (CCR), Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Least Squares (DOLS) were used to access the long-run elasticity of the variables as well as Granger Causality analysis to detect the direction of causality relationship among the highlighted variables. Empirical regression shows a negative relation between CO2 emission and renewable energy. Thus, suggesting that renewable energy serves as a panacea for sustainable development in the face of economic growth trajectory. However, there was a positive relationship between CO2 emission and both non-renewable and real GDP growth. On the Granger analysis, we observe a one-way causality among renewable energy consumption and CO2 emission, economic development, and energy investment. These outcomes have far-reaching policy direction of environmental sustainability target in Indian economy.
Asymmetric Effect of Renewable Energy Generation and Clean Energy on Green Economy Stock Price: A Nonlinear ARDL Approach
Authors: Shakhabiddinovich Avazkhodjaev Salokhiddin , Yakob Noor Azuddin bin , Lau Wee Yeap
Published: January 2022

This paper examines the asymmetric impact renewable energy generation and clean energy prices on green economy stock prices by employing monthly data for all three indices end on 2021M07, and start on 2010M12. The nonlinear ARDL approach (NARDL) is applied in order to find short-run and long-run asymmetries. The empirical results indicate that renewable energy generation significant negative impact on green economy stock prices. For the clean energy prices have a positive and negative significant impact on green economy stock prices in selected markets under concern. The short-run coefficients of clean energy stock prices have a significant positive affect on green economy stock prices. The Wald test results confirmed the green economy stock price adjustment is running towards the long- and short-run steady increment regarding positive and negative shocks in renewable energy generation and clean energy. Finally, the dynamic multipliers showed that prices of renewable energy generation have a positive (negative) impact on green economy stock prices. Indeed, clean energy prices respond quickly to the changes (both positive and negative) on green economy prices in all selected markets. In sum, the negative shocks dominate positive shocks in renewable energy generation and clean energy, and results indicate that a positive and negative relationship was noted between these covariates and green economy stock prices.
An Analysis of The Shadow Economy in Malta: A Currency Demand and MIMIC Model Approach
Authors: Abela Glenn , Gauci Tiziana Marie , Rapa Noel
Published: January 2022

The paper applies two commonly used methods in the literature to estimate the shadow economy in Malta, the Currency Demand Approach and the Multiple Indicator Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model. Given the unobservable nature of the shadow economy, estimates are surrounded by a considerable degree of uncertainty. While these two methods differ somewhat on the historical evolution of the size of the Maltese shadow economy, which in turn can be traced back to their different underlying assumptions, both suggest that it has remained relatively stable over the last decade, standing at just below 21% of official GDP in 2019. Where possible, these estimates are compared to other studies on the same subject where we find that the dynamic properties of our variable follow those found in the literature.
Deteksi Metichilin Resistance Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Pada Peralatan Medis Yang Digunakan Di Ruang Rawat Inap RSUD Provinsi NTB
Authors: Pristianingrum Santy , Zainiati Baiq Lely , Muttaqin Zainul , Puspita Fergy Desy , Arman Rolly
Published: January 2022

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) adalah jenis bakteri yang timbul karena resistensi terhadap antibiotik, di pusat layanan kesehatan penyebaran bakteri-bakteri yang mengalami resistensi tersebut dapat melalui sentuhan pasien dengan tenaga medis atau peralatan medis yang digunakan di fasilitas layanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan MRSA, resistensinya terhadap antibiotik serta mendeteksi keberadaan MRSA SSCmec tipe III. Sampel dari diafragma stetoskop dan manset tensimeter di ruang rawat inap RSUD Provinsi NTB, diperiksa secara mikrobiologi dan secara molekuler menggunakan teknik PCR (Polimerase Chain Reaction) menggunakan primer SSCmec Tipe III. Selama bulan Januari hingga Februari 2018 didapatkan sebanyak 20 sampel swab diafragma stetoskop dan 18 swab manset tensimeter. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada akhir Januari hingga pertengahan Februari 2018.  Hasil penelitian ditemukan sebanyak 2 isolat dari swab diafragma stetoskop (10%) dan 2 dari manset tensimeter (11.1%)  terdeteksi sebagai MRSA. Dari empat isolate tersebut semuanya masih sensitive terhadap Vancomycin, tiga isolate  resisten Clindamycin, Cefoxitin, dan Oxacilin, serta 1 isolat resisten Cefoxitin dan Oxacilin. Hasil pemeriksaan PCR pada 4 isolat MRSA menunjukkan tidak ditemukan MRSA SSCmec tipe III.
Analisis Mutu Pelayanan Terhadap Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Di Laboratorium Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Mataram
Authors: Santoso Teguh , Fikri Zainal , Jiwantoro Yudha Anggit
Published: January 2022

Rumah sakit merupakan salah satu bentuk sarana kesehatan, baik yang diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah maupun masyarakat yang berfungsi untuk melakukan upaya kesehatan dasar atau kesehatan rujukan dengan meningkatkan mutu pelayanan. Mutu pelayanan kesehatan merupakan faktor penting dalam keberhasilan suatu rumah sakit, dimana terdapat pelayanan laboratorium yang tidak dapat terpisahkan dengan rumah sakit. Pelayanan yang diberikan laboratorium sangat berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kepuasan pasien. Cara pengukuran tingkat kepuasan pasien menggunakan lima dimensi mutu pelayanan seperti, bukti fisik (tangible), kehandalan (reliabilty), ketanggapan (responsiveness), jaminan (assurance), dan empati (empathy). Mengetahui  mutu pelayanan terhadap tingkat kepuasan pasien di laboratorium RSUD Kota Mataram. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien laboratorium RSUD Kota Mataram, sampel penelitian sebanyak 98 orang. Tekknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling dengan kriteria sampel. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner tentang pengaruh mutu pelayanan terhadap tingkat kepuasan pasien. Analisis data dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian karakteristik responden berdasarkan lima dimensi mutu pelayanan, didapatkan hasil variabel mutu pelayanan: tangible baik (67,4%), tidak baik (32,6%), reliability baik (83,7%), tidak baik (16,3%), responsiveness baik (94,0%), tidak baik (6,0%), assurance baik (51,1%), tidak baik (48,9%), dan empathy baik (97,0%), tidak baik (3,0%). Variabel kepuasan pasien responden yang mengatakan puas sebesar (74,5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan p value (0.000). Ada pengaruh mutu pelayanan terhadap tingkat kepuasan pasien di laboratorium RSUD Kota Mataram.
Perbandingan Kadar Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF- α) Pada Tukang Parkir 1-3 Tahun dan >3 Tahun Dengan Metode ELISA
Authors: Hidayat Ahmad , Kartika Aprilia Indra , Fitria Meutia Srikandi
Published: January 2022

Polusi udara terdiri atas campuran substansi-substansi kimia dalam bentuk gas dan zat-zat radikal bebas. Radikal bebas yang masuk ke dalam saluran napas secara langsung dapat mengganggu mekanisme pertahanan antioksidan tubuh serta dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya kerusakan atau oksidasi pada lipid, protein dan DNA pada sel. Radikal bebas yang masuk akan di detoksifikasi oleh sel makrofag, neutrofil, eosinofil dan sel epitel. Hasil dari detoksifikasi radikal bebas oleh sistem pertahanan tubuh berupa Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), yang kemudian memicu pelepasan sitokin-sitokin proinflmasi salah satunya ialah Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-𝛼). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar TNF-𝛼 pada tukang parkir 1-3 tahun dan >3 tahun menggunakan metode ELISA, sampel yang digunakan adalah tukang parkir dengan lama kerja 1-3 tahun sebanyak 10 serum dan >3 tahun sebanyak 10 serum. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kadar rata-rata TNF-𝛼 pada sampel serum tukang parkir dengan lama kerja >3 tahun (1995.0565 pg/ml) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan masa kerja 1-3 tahun (1962.7485 pg/ml) sehingga lebih beresiko terkena penyakit paru obstruktif kronis, kanker paru, penyakit jantung koroner, aterosklerosis dan penyakit kardiovaskuler.
Perubahan Status Gizi Balita Dengan Akupresur Selama Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) Pemulihan Pada Balita
Authors: Anggraeni Enggar , Palupi Mirthasari , Trisnagati Risma
Published: January 2022

Background : Nutritional problems are still one of the problems faced by Indonesia. Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are major nutritional problems facing Indonesia. Macro-nutrient deficiency occurs when the body lacks energy and protein, this is due to a gap between nutritional needs and nutrient intake so that it can cause a deficiency of micronutrients in the body which has an impact on malnutrition or malnutrition status. Inadequate nutrition is a condition of a lack of energy and protein intake, while malnutrition is a lack of energy and protein intake for a long period of time. Provision of Recovery Supplement (PMT Recovery) is a program aimed at overcoming the problem of malnutrition and malnutrition by improving nutritional status, fulfilling children's nutritional needs so that good nutritional status and condition are achieved according to the child's age. So that in this study the role of PMT is used in order to increase body weight and nutritional status of children. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to distinguish nutritional status during supplementation with supplementary food with acupressure. Methods : This research uses quantitative research type, with the research design used is Quasy Experiment with Pre and Post Test Control Group Design approach. The statistical test used was the Independent t-Test and Wilcoxon test. Results : The results of the study conducted on 3 - 16 July 2020 with a sample of 10 toddlers with acupressure, weight gain before and after PMT administration ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 kg, while the p value is 0.004 <0.05 then there are the difference between body weight before and after giving PMT. As for the Nutritional Status of the statistical test results obtained p value of 0.083 (> 0.05) which indicates that there is no difference between the nutritional status of children under five before and after giving PMT.
ASUHAN GIZI PADA IBU HAMIL DENGAN HIPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Authors: Efrizal Wiwin
Published: January 2022

Background : Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition of nausea and vomiting that causes weight loss in pregnant women. Hyperemesis can cause malnutrition in the mother and affect the fetus and risk causing death. Purpose : The purpose of writing is to provide a comprehensive description of nutritional care for pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum using the literature review method. From the study, it is known the importance of proper nutritional care for mothers with hyperemesis gravidarum in the form of a cycle of assessment, nutritional diagnosis, intervention, monitoring and evaluation which are carried out continuously to overcome the problem of hyperemesis gravidarum in collaboration with the nutrition care team. Conclusion : The conclusion is that nutritional care with a comprehensive understanding of the problem of hyperemesis gravidarum in the form of cross-professions collaboration will improve the nutritional status of mothers.
RASIO SUKROSA DAN KARAGENAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIKO-KIMIA DAN SENSORI ES KRIM CEMPEDAK (ARTOCARPUS INTEGER)
Authors: Rahayuni Tri , Astina Astina , Fadly Dzul
Published: January 2022

Background : Ice cream is a frozen food made through freezing and agitationPurpose : This study aimed to determine the effect of sucrose and carrageenan on the physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties of cempedak ice cream.Method : This study was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors, Carrageenan (0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%) and Sucrose (9%, 12%, 15%).Results : The best level of carrageenan and sucrose was determined through the effectiveness index test method was 0.5% carrageenan and 15% sucrose. The best ice cream products were with chemical characteristics of 1.47% fat and 15.87% protein. In addition, there were physical characteristics, in the form of overrun (31.67%), melting speed (17.87 minutes), and sensory characteristics were ranging from moderate-like on the parameters of taste (3.37), texture (3.43), color (3,31), aroma (3,27), and liking (3,33). Conclusion : Thus, a right ratio of sucrose and carrageenan produces cempedak ice cream products with appropriate characteristics.Latar Belakang : Es krim adalah pangan beku yang melalui proses pembekuan dengan agitasi.Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh sukrosa dan karagenan pada sifat fisik, kimia, dan organoleptik pada es krim buah cempedak.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor yaitu Karagenan (0,3%, 0,4%, 0,5%) dan Sukrosa (9%, 12%, 15%).Hasil : Taraf karagenan dan sukrosa terbaik ditentukan melalui metode uji indeks efektivitas, yaitu karagenan 0,5% dan sukrosa 15%. Produk es krim terbaik tersebut memiliki karakteristik kimia, yaitu 1,47% lemak, dan 15,87% protein. Selain juga, memiliki karakteristik fisik, berupa overrun (31,67%), kecepatan leleh (17,87 menit), dan karakteristik sensoris berkisar agak suka hingga suka pada parameter rasa (3,37), tekstur (3,43), warna (3,31), aroma (3,27), dan kesukaan (3,33).Kesimpulan :  Demikian, maka rasio tepat sukrosa dan karagenan menghasilkan produk es krim cempedak dengan karakteristik yang sesuai.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI SISA MAKANAN DAN BIAYA YANG TERBUANG PADA PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA RAWAT INAP
Authors: Fitriati Astri , Sofiyatin Reni , Suhaema Suhaema , Suranadi Luh
Published: January 2022

Background : The success of a food maintenance system can be evaluated by observation of food waste that causes the cost to be wasted and will have an impact on the anggran used for the procurement of foodstuffs.  The observations showed that in Mutiara Sukma Mental Hospital, there were still food waste that was not consumed by patients.Objective : This study aims to analyze "factors that affect food waste and its relationship to the cost of food waste".Method : The type of research is cross sectional with survey approach. Respondents to this study were 24 patients who underwent hospitalization from December 1 to 10, 2020. The food waste data was taken by observation using Comstock's visual method and compared with the price of the menu, patient assessment data on food taste was obtained by interview using questionnaires. The relationship between food waste and food waste costs was obtained by pearson correlation tests.Result : Average food waste in period 1 menu cycle of 9.07%, from the results of double logistic regeresi test there is no relation between food waste wit ofh age, gender and taste of food. The cost of food waste cost per patient per day is Rp. 2283.5,-Conclusion : Food waste correlated with the cost of food waste. Latar belakang : Keberhasilan suatu sitem penyelenggaraan makanan dapat dievaluasi dengan pengamatan sisa makanan yang menyebabkan adanya biaya yang terbuang secara sia-sia dan akan berdampak terhadap anggaran yang digunakan untuk pengadaan bahan makanan.  Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Mutiara Sukma masih ditemukan adanya sisa makanan yang tidk dikonsumsi oleh pasien.Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis       “ Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sisa makanan dan hubungannnya dengan biaya sisa makanan”.Metode : Jenis penelitian adalah cross sectional. Responden sebanyak  24 pasien yang menjalani rawat inap di ruang pemulihan. Waktu penelitian 1-10 Desember  2020. Metode visual Comstock untuk pengukuran sisa makanan kemudian melihat biaya dari sisa dengan membandingkan dengan harga menu persajian. Analisis faktor yang mempengaruhi sisa dengan uji regresi logistk ganda dan melihat hubungan antara sisa makanan dan biaya sisa makanan diperoleh dengan uji korelasi pearson.Hasil : Rata-rata sisa makanan dalam periode 1 siklus menu sebesar 9.07%, tidak terdapat hubungan antara sisa makanan dengan umur, jenis kelamin  dan cita rasa makanan. Biaya sisa makanan per pasien perhari sebesar Rp. 2283.5.Kesimpulan : Sisa makanan berkorelasi dengan biaya sisa makanan.
Pengaruh Frekuensi Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair dan Takaran Biochar terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Sawi Pakcoy (Brassica rappa L.)
Authors: Gumelar Asep Iksan , To Yunus Kornelis
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi pemberian pupuk organik cair dan biochar terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pakcoy dan untuk mendapatkan frekuensi pemberian pupuk cair yang tepat untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pakcoy. Penelitian ini telahdilaksanakan selama satu kali musim tanam dari bulan Agustus sampai September 2020, di Lahan Bapak Marten Kaet yang berlokasi di Kelurahan Benpasi, Kecamatan Kota Kefamenanu, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara (TTU), Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) 2 Faktorial yaitu: Faktor pertama: biochar yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu: biochar 10 t/ha, biochar 20 t/ha, biochar 30 t/ha. Faktor kedua adalah frekuensi penyiraman pupuk cair yang terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu: 5ml/liter air: 2 kali seminggu, 5ml/liter air: 1 kali seminggu, 10 ml/liter air: 2 kali seminggu, 10 ml/liter air: 1 kali seminggu.Sehingga terdapat 12 kombinasi perlakuan, yaitu: B1F1, B1F2, B1F3, B1F4, B2F1, B2F2, B2F3, B2F4, B3F1, B3F2, B3F3, B3F4yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga terdapat 36 satuan unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi interaksi serta beda nyata antara perlakuan takaran biochar dan frekuensi penyiraman POC terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sawi (Brassica rappa L.). Namun terjadi beda nyata pada parameter luas daun. Pada perlakuan takaran biochar 30 t/ha dan frekuensi penyiraman POC 5 ml/L mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan serta hasil tanaman sawi (Brassica rappa L.).
Utilization of AMF and Essential Host Plants to Increase Growth of Sandalwood Seeds (Santalum album L.)
Authors: Pareira Magdalena Sunarty , Agu Yakobus Pffeferius Edvent Saba
Published: January 2022

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is one of the native trees of Nusa Tenggara Timur Province because ithas high economic value and is the best endemic species in the world. The essential oil content in it has a very distinctive aroma and can be used to make various products such as handicrafts, wood carvings, incense, and oils for the perfume and cosmetics industry. Sandalwood is a semi parasitic plant whose life requires a host plant to obtain nutrients and water in the soil. There are many types of host plants that have been used, including casuarina equisetifolia, acacia mangium, sesbania grandiflora, alternanthera sp. and capsicum annum. In this research, sandalwood plants will be tested with the host plant Cymbopogon nardus, which from an economic point of view can provide benefits. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are a group of fungi from the phylum Glomeromycota which have mutualism symbiosis with higher plant root systems. AMF is able to survive on dry land. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of AMF and the use of essential host plants to increase the growth of Sandalwood seeds in Timor Tengah Utara. In the parameter of high increase, the results of the Duncan test showed that the highest AMF treatment for agroforestry land and host chili plants was 19.01, which was different from AMF for agroforestry land within a host plant, Cymbopogon nardus namely 15.44. In the increase in diameter, the results of the Duncan test showed that the AMF treatment of agroforestry land and host chili plants had a significant effect on all treatments, namely 9.11. Duncan test results on plant biomass parameters showed that AMF treatment and host plants chili and lemongrass gave good treatment, namely 3.54 and 3.53 on shoot dry weight parameters and 3.75 and 3.42 root dry weight compared to control, namely 0.27, while at root and shoot ratio seed quality index, the seeds are suitable for use because they comply with the standard. In the parameters of root colonization, AMF and the host plants of chili and lemongrass were both able to adapt well, namely 56.0 and 54.0.
The Measurement (Assessment) and Modeling of the Operational Risk of Bank
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman, Prymostka L. O. , Sokolovska N. S. ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman
Published: January 2022

In modern conditions of implementing banking activity under the influence of rapid technologization, the worldwide globalization and transformation processes, there is a significant vulnerability to risks. The risks that banks are exposed to during their activities can be divided into those that are subject to quantitative measurement (assessment) and those that cannot be quantified. Among all banking risks, operational risk has the greatest unpredictability and destructive nature of influence on the bank, able of instantly jeopardizing as the bank’s activities so its functioning. Operational risk is one of the risks that are inherent in quantitative measurement (assessment). Measurement (assessment) of the bank’s operational risk is an element of management of such a risk. The impact of operational risk on banking activities is manifested in the amount of economic effect (losses). To assess the economic effect of the impact of operational risk on banks, a retrospective approach was used as part of the study described in the article. The study on assessment of losses from operational risk was carried out on the basis of analysis of statistical data on the operational risk events in both the worldwide and the domestic banking practice for the last 30 years: from 1991 to 2021. Since the norms for maintaining databases of internal and external events of operational risk by the banks of Ukraine are correspondingly applied as mandatory and additional instruments for measuring operational risk since 2018, the authors of the article carry out modeling and analysis of the aforementioned databases of operational risk events on the basis of statistical data on the operational risk events for 2018–2021. As a result of the study, the model of measurement (assessment) of economic effect (losses) of operational risk, taking into account its sources, is specified. The model approbation in practical banking activities will increase efficiency of the operational risk management. A prospect for further research on measurement (assessment) and modeling of operational risk can be the accumulation of data on operational risk events for more annual periods and the construction on their basis of the model of losses from the operational risk of bank.
Analyzing the State of Information Provision of the Maintenance and Renewal of Aviation Equipment
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kalynovskyi A. O. , Holomovzyi V. M. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kalynovska N. L. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kalynovska O. R. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this article is to examine the possibilities of software products to increase the economic efficiency of maintenance and renewal of aviation equipment – both for airlines and for service organizations, taking into account the corresponding safety requirements. The article defines that the modern market of maintenance and renewal of aviation equipment is extremely competitive and requires the application of special software products. The efficiency of establishing cooperation between all market participants directly depends on the perfection of the software. The software can influence the economic efficiency of airlines and the level of safety of use of aviation equipment. Modern aircraft models also facilitate the introduction of software into the maintenance process, as they contain their own information systems. In general, the development and role of information systems in all types of business is becoming a new reality and has a positive impact on the introduction of information systems in the process of maintenance and renewal of aviation equipment. It is determined that aviation equipment maintenance and renewal is a rather difficult function for automating because of complexity, unpredictability, security and regulation. Replacing the entire maintenance and renewal systems means cleaning up old data and overhauling processes that is not easy on the part of many repair businesses and units. But new generation aircrafts, data management and economic pressures continue to require more powerful IT systems. Thus, enterprises are forced to introduce new approaches to maintenance and renewal of aviation equipment in order to remain competitive.
The Current State of the Financial and Material Base of Territorial Communities in Terms of Decentralization
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Zakhidna O. R. , Mlintsova A. O. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: January 2022

The article defines the peculiarities of managing the financial and material base of territorial communities of Ukraine in the conditions of decentralization. The economic essence of the term «financial and material base» is given and the main components of this indicator are allocated, allowing to assess the financial security of territorial communities. The main factors of influence on the financial and material base of territorial communities related to the implementation of the decentralization reform in Ukraine are determined. New financial opportunities and responsibilities of administrative and territorial units are allocated, which is reflected in strengthening the own financial base of local self-government. A dynamic analysis of the ratio of incomes of the general fund of local budgets to the GDP of Ukraine during 2014–2020 was carried out. The process of transfer of the joint ownership objects to communal property of territorial communities in the context of regions of Ukraine as of 05.03.2021 is considered. Since the assessment of the state of financial and material resources of territorial communities is a complex process and includes the management of communal property, the main ways of using communal property are defined, among which it is worth to highlight: rent, privatization, independent use of property by the territorial community, leasing, concession and others. The assessment of the ways of using communal property objects on the example of the territorial community of Lviv for 2018–2019 was carried out. It is proved that the analysis carried out is evidence of an increase in the level of financial security of local budgets and a justification of positive trends in the growth of their resource base as a result of financial decentralization. Negative factors of influence on the main indicators of financial and material base of local budgets are determined. Also a number of problems faced by local self-government bodies are specified and ways to solve them are suggested.
Recreation and Urban Tourism: A Common Problem and the Prospect for Solving
Authors:   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Ryabev A. A. , Salii V. S. ,   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv
Published: January 2022

One of the main rapidly developing directions of tourism both in the world and in Ukraine in particular is urban tourism. As centuries ago, so nowadays, the cities are the goal of many travels, and the territorial recreational systems based on them are the most developed ones, which is explained by the high concentration of tourism resources in a conventionally limited space. Despite all this, in the sphere of urban tourism in terms of a territorial recreational system there is an uneven provision of recreational demand for communication with nature due to the insufficient number of natural recreational objects. As a solution to the common problem for recreation and urban tourism, it is proposed to implement a number of measures consistently both at the State level and at the level of local authorities or local self-government bodies, namely: to create conditions under which private and communal enterprises would be interested in the creation and development of natural recreational formations in the form of parks, gardens, squares, embankments. The program for the development of natural recreational spaces in cities – i.e., tourism centers – envisages that private and communal enterprises that will create these natural recreational spaces will carry out reconstructions of the already existing formations and will have the opportunity to engage in such natural recreational formations with commercial activities related to the organization of the provision of recreational services. In addition, it is important to strengthen the State supervision over compliance with the State sanitary rules for planning and development of settlements, because, in terms of landscaping, large cities of Ukraine have long failed to meet the requirements. At this, one considers appropriate to involve scientific and educational institutions related to tourism and recreation in the design of these natural recreational formations, which will allow to implement tourism in the city on not only practical, but also on scientific basis. It is believed that in case of materialization of the proposed program, the city will receive additional centers of attraction for tourists, which, in turn, will have positive consequences for the further development of cities as centers of tourism and recreation.
Experience of Developed Countries on Labor Market Development: Analysis of the Current State and Prospects of Development in Ukraine
Authors:   Odesa Polytechnic National University, Smokvіna G. A. , Moisei A. V. ,   Odesa Polytechnic National University
Published: January 2022

The article examines the experience of developed countries on the functioning and regulation of the labor market in order to determine the prospects for development in Ukraine. The key indicators of the labor market of Ukraine, USA, EU, China and Canada are analyzed, which include: unemployment rate, unclaimed professions, average salary, employment requirements for foreigners, social package. The reasons for the instability of the labor market in modern conditions are considered, which include: migration, declining birth rates, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused a global economic downturn, after which even economically developed countries recover within a year. Another problem of the labor market, which plays a key role in the instability of the labor market of each country – unemployment, which currently has a negative trend due to the pandemic COVID-19. A comparative analysis of the main features of the labor market in developed countries defined priority directions of our country’s development. The identified main driving force in the labor market is labor productivity. The analysis of influence of factors of development of productivity of a labor force of Ukraine is carried out. Taking into consideration the experience of developed countries, priority tasks and directions of regulation of the labor market of our country are defined, which will provide stability of economy, low level of unemployment and competitiveness of the State. Prospects for further research are the deepening of identified issues related to the labor market of our country and further development of this market, as well as the analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market solely on the part of qualification and professional trends.
The Socio-Economic and Demographic Processes in the Context of Researching the Youth Mobility in the Carpathian Region: Statistical Provision, Suggestions for Improvement
Authors:   10.32983/2222-4459-2021-11-254-259, Baranyak I. Y.
Published: January 2022

The available analytical and statistical provision for the study of youth migration mobility in the regional dimension is quite fragmentary, which does not allow to conduct thorough econometric research. The analysis of the quality of information support and the availability of statistical data on youth mobility shows the presence of significant gaps of the methodological nature in the process of collecting statistical data and distributing them at the national and regional levels. Low quality of statistical information, weak level of the age-sex-adjusted detailing of them do not allow to comprehensively assess the current state of youth mobility, identify the socio-economic parameters that affect the mobility of young people in the Carpathian region. The purpose of the article is to identify the existing gaps of informational, analytical and statistical provision for studying the youth mobility in the Carpathian region and to substantiate proposals for improving the monitoring of migration processes. The article substantiates the need for significant reform of the existing system of statistical provision through the implementation of measures in the context of the All-Ukrainian population census; borrowing experience in organizing the collection, analysis and sharing the statistical information on the example of statistical services of the EU countries in terms of creating nationwide and regional registers of citizens, foreigners and emigrants; conducting annual regional selective surveys of young people on the state of its socio-economic provision, level of employment and remuneration; establishing inter-departmental cooperation on the exchange, verification and addition of statistical data between the Main Departments of Statistics of the Carpathian Region regions with the territorial departments of the State Migration Service and the Border Guard Service of Ukraine; creation of analytical centers in subordination of territorial departments of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.
Actual Problems of Medical Waste Management in the Context of COVID-19 in Ukraine
Authors:   National Pharmaceutical University, Litvinova O. V. , Posylkina O. V. ,   National Pharmaceutical University, Kovalenko S. M. ,   National Pharmaceutical University, Bratishko Y. S. ,   National Pharmaceutical University, Lisna A. G. ,   National Pharmaceutical University
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the publication is to analyze and systematize statistical data on the resulting waste (including medical) in Ukraine in the context of COVID-19 and problems of medical waste management. On the basis of the analysis on waste management in Ukraine, a number of problems were identified. There is an increase in the volume of waste every year, including the household waste and low percentage of medical waste, but the association of the latter with COVID-19 be in no doubt of their danger. It is studied that the introduction of modern methods and technologies in the field of household waste management in Ukraine is carried out, but with an increase in waste growth, including medical waste with a high risk of danger, the number of all available systems for the disposal is clearly insufficient. According to the State Sanitary and Anti-Epidemic Standards, medical waste is divided into four categories that have their own requirements for utilization. Waste sorting is an important element in the effectiveness of medical waste management and reducing the level of their danger to the environment. An improved algorithm for sorting medical waste under COVID-19 conditions has been proposed. Introduction of the medical waste management system includes: assessment of waste categories together with the existing practice; selection of waste disposal options; development of a waste management plan; adoption of institutional policies and guidelines; creation of a waste management organization; distribution of human and financial resources; implementation of plans in accordance with the established deadlines, as well as the introduction of a training program, monitoring, evaluation and continuous improvement of the system. Solving these problems regarding waste disposal, including medical waste associated with COVID-19, is a socially significant and urgent task for all regions of Ukraine.
Significant Aspects of Establishing Policy in the Field of Innovative Entrepreneurship in the Context of the Socio-Economic Development of Ukraine's Regions
Authors:   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Olshanskyi O. V. , Kramchaninova M. D. ,   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Kasatkina M. V. ,   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University
Published: January 2022

The content of the article actualizes a number of important issues as to provision of policy in the sphere of supporting innovative entrepreneurship. In the course of their study, the authors note that the socio-economic development of countries is influenced by the degree of innovativeness of the economy. This encourages to consider innovative entrepreneurship as an important resource for the development of innovative processes in the country, and the support of innovative entrepreneurship is considered a key factor in solving the main problems of sustainable socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine. The country has a fairly strong base for scientific and technical developments, a powerful innovation potential, but there are problems with implementation of the latter due to insufficient focus on the formation of an effective innovative policy and the policy of development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are the main suppliers of innovations in the national innovation system. The results of the study draw attention to the feasibility of integrating innovative policies with the corporate social responsibility development policies and the SME development policies. An integration will allow achieving greater economic return and social benefits through the implementation of a more efficient relationship between the providers of socio-economic development of region on the organization and provision of opportunities for the development of complex regional, interregional and global value-creating networks. This approach also involves taking into account the factors influencing the innovation dynamics with the constant improvement of the system of formation and implementation of the State and regional priorities in the field of regulation of science, investment, innovation, entrepreneurial and socially responsible activities, in accordance with the implementation of the principles of sustainable development.
The Theory and Practice of Choosing Perspective Directions of Small Business Development in Ukraine and the World
Authors:   Research Centre of Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine, Krasnonosova O. M. , Ponomarenko Y. V. ,   Research Centre of Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine, Kharchenko R. V. ,   Research Centre of Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine
Published: January 2022

The article is aimed at a theoretical generalization of forms, methods and instrumentarium for choosing perspective directions for small business development in Ukraine. At present, there are a significant number of scientific achievements on the formation of a balanced government policy on the State regulation of small business development in Ukraine. The legal principles of the State regulation of activities of business entities that aim to make a profit are determined by the Law of Ukraine «On the Associations of Economic Management». Generalization of the theoretical developments of domestic and foreign scholars on the choice of methods for determining the current state and prospects for the development of small business representatives allowed to distinguish the most common approaches to solving this issue. Most specialists are inclined to define the need for a comprehensive assessment of the state of small business entities both in the whole country and in its administrative territories. The most common techniques include: analysis of statistical indicators of the state of small business and their dynamics for a certain period; comparative analysis of the state of small business development by types of economic activity both in the inland territories and in the countries of the world; compiling a SWOT analysis with the definition of strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and threats to small businesses; computing the integral indicator of the level using the taxonomic analysis and the method of ranking of research objects; classification of levels of development of small business representatives based on the results of cluster analysis. The disadvantages of these approaches are that their computing does not take into account the significance of certain indicators of integrated evaluation, that is, these methods are incapable of giving clear answers to the question of finding perspective directions for the development of the small business sector. Also, the above methods do not reflect the territorial specifics of the development of certain types of economic activity, taking into account the representatives of small business and their role and place in a particular industry in a timely context over the years. All of the above has created the basis for searching a new instrumentarium to choose perspective directions for small business development in Ukraine.