bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a FlexRay/Ethernet Gateway and Security Mechanism for In-Vehicle Networks
Authors: Lee Trong-Yen , Lin I-An , Liao Ren-Hong
Published: January 2020

Due to the development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), the Ethernet has become one of the most important communication protocols for the future of automotive networks. This is because the existing communication protocols (such as FlexRay) do not provide sufficiently high bandwidth requirements. The main challenge for the automotive industry will be to transfer and extend standard IP and Ethernet into vehicles and still fulfill the automotive requirements. The automotive gateway not only links two or more protocols and exchanges the data using each, but also monitors and ensures functional safety. This paper proposes a FlexRay/Ethernet gateway by considering the development conditions of embedded systems and the security in the field of vehicle networking. The proposed method is implemented on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) system to evaluate running time and to analyze the overhead of the security mechanism. For one-to-one mapping logic, the execution times of FlexRay to the Ethernet path and Ethernet to FlexRay path are constant, at 4.67 μs and 6.71 μs, respectively. In particular, cybersecurity can be integrated as an extension of the gateway with low latency and power consumption.
Evolution of Policy Concerning the Readjustment of Inefficient Urban Land Use in China Based on a Content Analysis Method
Authors: Bai Yang , Zhou Wei , Guan Yanjun , Li Xue , Huang Baohua , Lei Fengchun , Yang Hong , Huo Wenmin
Published: January 2020

In a 21st century context characterized by the inefficient use of urban construction land, to optimize land use structure and transform resource utilization methods, it is necessary for the Chinese government to improve land use efficiency. Promoting the readjustment of inefficient urban land use has become essential. The purpose of this paper is to sort through the policies addressing the readjustment of inefficient urban land use in China, identify the promulgation date, longitudinal hierarchy, and horizontal composition of the relevant policies, and summarize the evolutionary trend of such policies. This study aims to provide a reference for the adjustment and improvement of relevant policy systems in China. The content analysis method was used in this study, and NVivo 12 software was used to compare and verify the analysis process. The results show the following: (1) A large number of relevant policies have been promulgated, with a total of 12 items from 1988 to 2012, increasing to six items annually on average from 2013 to 2019. The Communist Party of China Central Committee, the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic, the State Council and relevant ministries promulgated 13.46%, 11.54%, 28.85%, and 46.15%, respectively, of the relevant policies. (2) The existing policies are mostly issued in the form of notices, opinions, management regulations, etc.; therefore, their level of effectiveness is low, and the role of norms is weak. (3) Finally, the policy content experienced stages of initial exploration, basic establishment, and continuous improvement. It also covered aspects such as Standard Control, Market Configuration, Overall Planning, Incentive Mechanisms, Income Distribution, and Supervision Evaluation. The system for policies addressing readjustment of inefficient urban land use has basically been perfected, although post approval supervision still needs to be strengthened. Therefore, the process of readjusting inefficient urban land use should be optimized, new modes of readjustment should be constantly explored, and inefficient land use should be addressed across the entire territory.
Informing Sustainable Consumption in Urban Districts: A Method for Transforming Household Expenditures into Physical Quantities
Authors: Whetstone Alice , Kalmykova Yuliya , Rosado Leonardo , Lavers Westin Alexandra
Published: January 2020

Interventions targeted at district-level are a potentially effective way to reduce consumption-based urban impacts; however, a systematic method for accounting these impacts at district scale has not yet been developed. This article outlines a method for transforming household expenditure data into consumption quantified on a physical basis. Data sources are combined to calculate monetary value per unit mass for different products consumed by households. Socio-economic household archetypes are selected, and typical consumption for these archetypes is calculated by combining expenditure data from a household budget survey with the calculated monetary values per unit mass. The resulting physical quantities of different products consumed are envisaged as an essential part of performing district scale material flow analysis and urban metabolism studies, also as an input for assessing consumption-based environmental impacts and for designing sustainable consumption policies. The method was applied to characterise consumption in urban districts. The obtained results were used to assess of districts’ consumption-based impacts with life cycle assessment (LCA) and to inform design of sharing economy. The method was found to be an effective way to evaluate the demand for products in different districts; this in turn could inform objective measures to aid more sustainable urban consumption.
Urban Development Modeling Using Integrated Fuzzy Systems, Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA), and Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Ghasemkhani Neda , Vayghan Saeideh , Abdollahi Arnick , Pradhan Biswajeet , Alamri Abdullah
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes a model to identify the changing of bare grounds into built-up or developed areas. The model is based on the fuzzy system and the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) methods. The proposed model consists of four main sections, which include physical suitability, accessibility, the neighborhood effect, and a calculation of the overall suitability. In the first two parts, physical suitability and accessibility were obtained by defining fuzzy inference systems and applying the required map data associated with each section. However, in order to calculate the neighborhood effect, we used an enrichment factor method and a hybrid method consisting of the enrichment factor with the Few, Half, Most, and Majority quantifiers of the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) method. Finally, the three maps of physical suitability, accessibility, and the neighborhood effect were integrated by the fuzzy system method and the quantifiers of OWA to obtain the overall suitability maps. Then, the areas with high suitability were selected from the overall suitability map to be changed from bare ground into built-up areas. For this purpose, the proposed model was implemented and calibrated in the first period (2004–2010) and was evaluated by being applied to the second period (2010–2016). By comparing the estimated map of changes to the reference data and after the formation of the error matrix, it was determined that the OWA-Majority method has the best estimation compared to those of the other methods. Finally, the total accuracy and the Kappa coefficient for the OWA-Majority method in the second period were 98.98% and 98.98%, respectively, indicating this method’s high accuracy in predicting changes. In addition, the results were compared with those of other studies, which showed the effectiveness of the suggested method for urban development modeling.
The Role of Electricity Balancing and Storage: Developing Input Parameters for the European Calculator for Concept Modeling
Authors: Gyalai-Korpos Miklós , Zentkó László , Hegyfalvi Csaba , Detzky Gergely , Tildy Péter , Hegedűsné Baranyai Nóra , Pintér Gábor , Zsiborács Henrik
Published: January 2020

Despite the apparent stability of the electricity system from a consumer’s point of view, there is indeed significant effort exerted by network operators to guarantee the constancy of the electricity supply in order to meet demands any time. In the energy sector models provide an important conceptual framework to generate a range of insight, examine the impacts of different scenarios and analyze the supply and demand of energy. This paper presents a user-oriented and transparent modeling concept of the European calculator, a tool for delineating emission and sustainable transformation pathways at European and member state levels. The model consists of several modules of different sectors, where the energy supply module includes sub-modules for electricity generation, hydrogen production and oil refinery. The energy storage requirement module investigates how new technologies can help the stability of the European electricity system with increasing renewables penetration, demand-side measures and decarbonization paths. The objective of this study is to introduce the concept of this module with the main logical steps, especially the input parameters, assumptions, the basic data of electricity trade and maximum energy storage potential levels. The article also introduces and explains the feasibility of the theoretical maximum gross electricity generation potential from variable renewable energy for the European Union including Switzerland, compared to the demand in 2040. According to the results the electricity systems in the future will need to show ever increasing flexibility in order to cope with variable renewable energy production on the supply side, and shifting patterns of electricity consumption on the demand side.
Research on Coordination and Driving Factors of Sports Industry and Regional Sustainable Development—Empirical Research Based on Panel Data of Provinces and Cities in Eastern China
Authors: Yang Shaoxiong , Xu Jinfu , Yang Ruoyu
Published: January 2020

The steady and healthy development of the sports industry can promote regional sustainable development. In order to explore the coordination situation and driving factors between the sports industry and regional sustainable development, this article builds a coupling coordination evaluation index system and dynamic factor index system for the sports industry and regional sustainable development. Using the entropy method, coupling coordination model and random effect model, this article analyzes the comprehensive level, coupling coordination relationship and driving factors of the sports industry and regional sustainable development in eleven provinces and cities in eastern China, from 2013 to 2017. The results show that the comprehensive level of the sports industry and regional sustainable development in eastern China is showing a steady growth trend, and the sports industry is growing faster than regional sustainable development. The degree of coupling coordination among provinces and cities has increased significantly, but the spillover effects of coupling coordination in each region are not obvious. The level of overall coupling coordination is primary coordination; regional innovation, industrial structure upgrade, and human capital can promote the improvement of coupling coordination. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen cross-regional cooperation, build a cross-regional “sports+” industry group, give play to the “sports +” spillover effect, create a coupling platform for the sports industry and regional sustainable development, release the superimposed effect of multiple driving factors, and facilitate the evolution of coupling coordination to higher levels.
Foreign Trade, FDI and the Upgrading of Regional Industrial Structure in China: Based on Spatial Econometric Model
Authors: Wang Shan-Li , Chen Feng-Wen , Liao Bing , Zhang Cuiju
Published: January 2020

The upgrading of industrial structure is the core means of coordinating economic development and environment protection. Its spatial agglomeration can also reduce environmental pollution partly. The upgrading of China’s industrial structure has become an important issue concerned by the whole society. To better understand this issue, based on the provincial data of China (1997–2017), this paper strives to explore the spatial effects of foreign trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) on the upgrading of China’s regional industrial structure by constructing the weight matrix of economic distance, and by introducing the spatial autocorrelation analysis method and spatial panel econometric model. The results show that: 1. The Moran’s I index of China’s import, export, FDI, and industrial structure upgrading has passed the 5% significance level test, displaying remarkable spatial agglomeration characteristics. 2. Foreign trade and FDI are important driving factors to upgrade China’s industrial structure. 3. Foreign trade has a significant spatial spillover effect. Imports and exports can not only promote the upgrading of local industrial structure, but also radiate to other regions, promote or inhibit the development of its industry, and further affect the national data. 4. The spatial spillover effect of FDI is not significant. Finally, some policy suggestions are put forward.
Revisiting a Water Conflict in Southeastern Oklahoma 6 Years Later: A New Valuation of the Willingness to Pay for Ecosystem Services
Authors: Burch Claire , Busch Michelle , Higgins Edward , Bittner Steven , Perera Nuwanthika , Neal Kevin , Burkett Lawrence , Castro Antonio , Anderson Christopher
Published: January 2020

In recent years, researchers have begun to adopt a perspective evaluating “winners and losers” regarding the consumption and value of ecosystem services. “Winners” tend to benefit from the ecosystem service and “losers” absorb most associated costs. Our study focuses on water use in Oklahoma (USA) and a plan to divert water from the Kiamichi River in southeastern Oklahoma for consumption at residences in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. Our study is, in part, a follow-up from an initial 2013 survey of Oklahoma City residents and residents of the Kiamichi. For this paper, a survey was distributed within the state of Oklahoma to evaluate changes to ecosystem service willingness to pay and valuation. This survey also included an experimental element assessing if exposure to additional information about ecosystem services influenced respondents on ecosystem service valuation, or willingness to pay. Our results generally aligned with those found in the 2013 survey. Oklahoma City residents are not aware of where their water is coming from and are not willing to pay to protect ecosystem services, despite an overall increase in activism. Our results indicate that a smaller number of significant factors determining willingness to pay for ecosystem service maintenance were identified than the study in 2013. Exposure to additional information had no effect on peoples’ preferences. We found that public opinion surrounding environmental support is context-specific, political conservatism may not always impede valuation of environmental protections. We conclude that cultural, moral, and political values interact in their influence on expressions of valuation and willingness to pay for ecosystem services.
Environmental Citizenship Questionnaire (ECQ): The Development and Validation of an Evaluation Instrument for Secondary School Students
Authors: Hadjichambis Andreas Ch. , Paraskeva-Hadjichambi Demetra
Published: January 2020

Environmental citizenship is very important in sustainability research. The criticality of the observed environmental crisis requires capable and competent environmental citizens who can act as agents of change to achieve sustainability. This research presents the validation of the Environmental Citizenship Questionnaire (ECQ) for assessing the environmental citizenship of secondary school students. To this end, Principal Component Analysis has been performed through the use of a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. In addition, there has been a verification of sphericity and a measure of sampling adequacy using the Bartlett’s and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) tests, respectively. Cronbach’s Alpha, eigenvalues and percentage of variance as well as Pearson’s correlation were also estimated. Using the data of 520 students in 10th grade, the ECQ showed very good results in all measurements performed, demonstrating high internal consistency, reliability and discriminant validity. From the factor analysis were derived nine factors with 76 items in total. Cronbach’s Alpha was greater than 0.702, indicating high reliability in all factors. The possible contribution of the ECQ in different contexts and educational frames and in sustainability education is discussed.
Urban Development Index (UDI): A Comparison between the City of Rio de Janeiro and Four Other Global Cities
Authors: Molinaro Rafael , K. Najjar Mohammad , W. A. Hammad Ahmed , Haddad Assed , Vazquez Elaine
Published: January 2020

One of the methods to assess the urban development of a city is to allocate indicators that quantify its efficiency in performing various functions, such as urban mobility, security, sustainability, and economy, among others. The motivation of this work is the fact that the city of Rio de Janeiro, although widely known and admired around the world for its natural beauty, has a wide negative notoriety regarding its urban functionality. There is a critical need for investment in the city’s infrastructure in order to improve the quality of life of its population. The novelty of this work is in proposing an index that quantifies the urban functionality of the city of Rio de Janeiro and that represents urban development. The research focuses on optimizing investments in infrastructure and hence increasing the urban performance offered by the city of Rio de Janeiro. In the proposed methodology for modeling the Urban Development Index (UDI), this work presents the model structure made from a knowledge-based urban development assessment model (KBUD/AM), the determination of the indicators, the selection of the cities, the data collection from primary and secondary sources and the use of statistical techniques for data normalization and scaling. The research aims to quantify, compare and evaluate the level of urban development of Rio de Janeiro, performing benchmarking with other four global cities (Stockholm, Shanghai, Boston, and Cape Town). Cities are ranked for their UDI to make the comparison more straightforward. Based on the results, Rio de Janeiro ranks second to last among the five cities studied, with an UDI of 0.395, only slightly better than Cape Town. The results confirm that the city of Rio de Janeiro has several deficiencies, especially in the education, safety and health sectors, and is very far from most of the other developed cities. The city of Rio de Janeiro should promote investments in research and development. Finally, this work confirms that Rio de Janeiro must tackle security problems as a matter of priority.
Analyzing Consumer Loyalty through Service Experience and Service Convenience: Differences between Instructor Fitness Classes and Virtual Fitness Classes
Authors: Baena-Arroyo Manuel Jesús , García-Fernández Jerónimo , Gálvez-Ruiz Pablo , Grimaldi-Puyana Moisés
Published: January 2020

The eruption of technology has revolutionized the sports sector, incorporating new elements and new forms, and has therefore targeted sports activities. The inclusion of virtual fitness classes is leading to an increase in the offers available to consumers, expanding the hours that consumers can exercise and leading to a greater variability of customer services. The present study intends to go deeper into the knowledge of the fitness center sector in the Spanish context by evaluating the poorly analyzed area of directed activities, either with a teacher or in a virtual mode, and how these are perceived by the users of the centers. The sample consisted of a total of 1943 users, 1143 of whom were customers who conducted fitness activities directed by instructors, and 800 questionnaires were completed by customers who conducted virtual fitness activities in fitness centers classified as low-cost, medium, and boutique business models. The relationships between service experience, service convenience, satisfaction, and future intentions were analyzed. The results show positive relationships in all the variables studied in the instructor fitness classes. However, they are not significant in some variables studied involving virtual fitness classes.
Different Household Livelihood Strategies and Influencing Factors in the Inner Mongolian Grassland
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Qing , Liu Qingfu , Yan Yongzhi , Hei Wanxin , Yu Deyong , Wu Jianguo
Published: January 2020

Household livelihood strategies affect grassland ecosystem services and the herder’s well-being. Understanding different household livelihood strategies and influencing factors is crucial for sustainable development in pastoral areas. We surveyed 241 households in the typical grassland region of Inner Mongolia to classify the different types of household livelihood strategies using income-based cluster analysis and to identify the major influencing factors of household livelihood strategies with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Our study has several findings. First, according to household income sources, there are five types of household livelihood strategies in this region, including breeding only small livestock (S), breeding mainly small livestock (SL), breeding mainly large livestock (LS), breeding only large livestock (L), and not breeding livestock (N), with the S strategy as the most dominant household livelihood strategy in this region. Second, among the five types of household livelihood strategies, the LS strategy had the highest household income (323,200 Chinese yuans) while the N strategy had the lowest household income (68,540 Chinese yuans). Third, among the five types of livelihood capitals, manufactured capital and natural capital had more substantial influences on household livelihood strategies. Manufactured capital directly influenced household livelihood strategies, while natural capital affected household livelihood strategies either directly or indirectly through manufactured capital. Our results suggest that the LS strategy would be the most economically profitable among the five household livelihood strategies in the typical grassland region of Inner Mongolia.
Asset Allocation Model for a Robo-Advisor Using the Financial Market Instability Index and Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Ahn Wonbin , Lee Hee Soo , Ryou Hosun , Oh Kyong Joo
Published: January 2020

There has been a growing demand for portfolio management using robo-advisors, and hence, research on the automation of portfolio composition has been increasing. In this study, we propose a model that automates the portfolio structure by using the instability index of the financial time series and genetic algorithms (GAs). We use the instability index to filter the investment assets and optimize the threshold value used as a filtering criterion by applying a GA. For an empirical analysis, we use stocks, bonds, commodities exchange traded funds (ETFs), and exchange rate. We compare the performance of our model with that of risk parity and mean-variance models and find our model has better performance. Several additional experiments with our model using various internal parameters are conducted, and the proposed model with a one-month test period after one year of learning is found to provide the highest Sharpe ratio.
Promoting Consumer Engagement in Online Communities through Virtual Experience and Social Identity
Authors: Chuang Yu-Wei
Published: January 2020

With the development and proliferation of online games, understanding how to seize these players has become an essential issue for academic scholars and practitioners. Based on virtual experience in online gaming communities and consumer engagement perspectives, this research developed and verified a multi-dimensional framework for assessing how to retain and encourage players continuous dedication and engagement behaviors. The proposed framework illustrates the interrelationships among six constructs in online gaming communities: social presence, telepresence, cognitive social identity, affective social identity, psychological engagement, and behavioral engagement. Data collected from 338 players who have experience in engagement behaviors in online gaming communities. The collected data were examined against the research framework using structural equation modeling (SEM). The research findings offer sufficient evidence that behavioral engagement is influenced by psychological engagement, which consecutively, are determined by cognitive social identity, affective social identity, social presence, and telepresence. More importantly, the mediating analysis indicated that psychological engagement is a crucial mediator, meaning that consumer engagement is a sequential process, and behavioral engagement cannot independently exist without psychological engagement. Taken together, the research results of this study have several critical theoretical and practical implications for future academic researchers and practitioners to have better understanding of consumer engagement. By doing so, the game companies can have sustainable competitive advantage and support sustainable development.
The Severity of Traffic Crashes in Italy: An Explorative Analysis among Different Driving Circumstances
Authors: Eboli Laura , Forciniti Carmen
Published: January 2020

Analyzing traffic accidents is very important due to their direct impact on the social environment. In the literature, many studies focus on the different aspects that influence traffic accidents, such as human, vehicle, road and environment risk factors. In this paper, we propose a methodology for testing the relationship between road, external environment, driver and vehicle characteristics, and certain circumstances that lead to the traffic crashes. Particularly, we elaborate on logistic regression models for evaluating how these different characteristics impact on crash severity, considering the combination of traffic circumstances that caused the crash. In each combination, a vehicle proceeded regularly, whereas the other vehicle did an incorrect maneuver (the vehicle proceeded: with distracted driving; without maintaining the safety distance; with speeding; by maneuvering to join the circulation flow; against the flow). The present work analyzes data related to road crashes which occurred in Italy during 2016 involving two vehicles. The results show that the variables significantly influencing crash severity are different depending on the combinations of circumstances that cause the crash.
From Digital Government to Digital Governance: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Erkut Burak
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on the knowledge problem of economics by discussing its current status in light of digitalization. This problem highlights the paradox of not having the necessary knowledge to take an economic decision, but pretending to have it and act, hence questioning the legitimacy of governmental decision-making and its impacts on the economy. Current technological developments are challenging this problem. Big Data has been a neglected phenomenon when it comes to its impact on the nature of knowledge and the decision-making processes associated with it, and it is easy to think that Big Data solves this problem. This research gap is evaluated by re-visiting the knowledge problem and evaluating whether the knowledge problem can still be valid in the digital era. The digital governance issue has been largely covered by literature in terms of technical possibilities. However, the main challenge is not the technical one, but rather how to create governance structures to involve people in decision-making processes, and at the same not fall into the trap of the knowledge problem. The sustainable transition from digital government to digital governance is a transition from a technical structure to multiple processes on different levels, and these processes have their own limits.
Opportunities for Cleaner Production (CP) Using Process Flow Analysis: Case Study of a Furniture Manufacturer in the City of Palhoça (SC, Brazil)
Authors: Lins Patrícia Soares , Cunha Rita Dione Araujo , Kiperstok Asher , Rapôso Áurea Luiza Quixabeira Rosa e Silva , César Sandro Fábio
Published: January 2020

The present article was aimed at identifying opportunities for cleaner production (CP) from the process flow analysis of a furniture manufacturing company located in the municipality of Palhoça (SC, Brazil). The company was used as an exploratory case study with a qualitative approach. The criteria used for the flow analysis and for identifying the opportunities of CP were associated to the systems and technologies employed, as well as to the process analysis and to the project layout factors (stock location, movement). With this, 107.24 m2 of wasted areas were found in the production environment, of which 72.06 m2 included the floor area with material to be discarded (waste) and 66.93 m of flow lines with returns and crossings. The study identified that the total flow lines of the company represented a total of 775.58 m, with the possibility of being reduced by 29.45%. This reduction is a result of optimizing the physical space and reducing waste with material handling. Twenty-five opportunities of a CP associated to the process flow analysis (layout) were listed. The analyses also indicated that the association of CP to process flows as a preventive measure leads to a new connection between process optimization and environmental performance.
Hydrostatic Filtration Enables Large-Scale Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles That Effectively Protect Chickens against Gallibacterium anatis
Authors: Antenucci Fabio , Arak Homa , Gao Jianyang , Allahgadry Toloe , Thøfner Ida , Bojesen Anders Miki
Published: January 2020

Gallibacterium anatis is a Gram-negative opportunistic avian pathogen representing an emerging threat to poultry meat and egg production worldwide. To date, no vaccine able to effectively prevent the morbidity associated with G. anatis infections has been developed yet. Our group previously reported that inoculation of different combinations of G. anatis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), FlfA and GtxA-N proteins is effective in preventing lesions caused by G. anatis infections in layer chickens. Here we report the testing of the efficacy as vaccine prototypes of G. anatis OMVs isolated by hydrostatic filtration, a simple technique that allows the cost-effective isolation of high yields of OMVs. Layer chickens were immunized with OMVs alone or in combination with FlfA and/or GtxA-N proteins. Subsequent challenge with a heterologous G. anatis strain showed that immunization with OMVs alone could significantly reduce the lesions following a G. anatis infection. A second study was carried out to characterize the dose-response (0.25, 2.5 and 25 µg) relationship of G. anatis OMVs as immunogens, showing that 2.5 μg of OMVs represent the optimal dose to elicit protection in the immunized animals after a similar challenge. Additionally, administration of ≥2.5 μg of G. anatis OMVs induced specific IgY titers and possibly vertical transfer of immunity.
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Biological-Derived Silver Nanoparticles: Preliminary Data
Authors: Meroni Gabriele , Soares Filipe Joel F. , Martino Piera A.
Published: January 2020

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are promising alternatives to antibiotics. The aims of this study were to produce AgNPs using two biological methods and determine their antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. AgNPs were biosynthesized from an infusion of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and the culture supernatant of E. coli. Characterization was achieved by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial properties of NPs from C. longa (ClAgNPs) and E. coli (EcAgNPs), alone and in combination with carbenicillin and ampicillin, were investigated through the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Dimensions of NPs ranged from 11.107 ± 2.705 nm (ClAgNPs) to 27.282 ± 2.68 nm (EcAgNPs). Kirby-Bauer and MIC assays showed great antibacterial abilities for both NPs alone and in combination with antibiotics. EcAgNPs alone showed the most powerful antibacterial activities, resulting in MIC values ranging from 0.438 ± 0.18 µM (P. aeruginosa) to 3.75 ± 3.65 µM (S. pseudintermedius) compared to those of ClAgNPs: 71.8 ± 0 µM (P. aeruginosa) and 143.7 ± 0 µM (S. pseudintermedius). The antibiofilm abilities were strain-dependent, but no statistical differences were found between the two NPs. These results suggest the antibacterial potential of AgNPs for the treatment of infectious diseases.
ONTOLOGY OF CULTURE IN CIVILIZATION CONCEPTS OF WORLD HISTORY
Authors: Yatsenko Olena
Published: January 2020

Culture is a potential, intuitive, myth-making essence, immanent unity of many of its various manifestations: from the state system to the realization of daily human activity. Civilization is the process of crystallization of living energy in the form of stable forms, the authenticity of which becomes the field of discussion, search and practical philosophy. At this stage, cultural life loses its integrity and organicness but becomes eclectic and kaleidoscopic. Unlike O. Spengler, N. Danilevsky considers culture a derivative phenomenon of historical and civilizational formation. In his opinion, culture does not degenerate into civilization but finds in it its fullest and perfect embodiment. The idea of globalization is originally analyzed by the famous sociologist P. Sorokin. He is the author of the theory of the existence of culture supersystems, one of the most original in the history of cultural studies.
PRAGMATIC INTERPRETATIONS OF METAPHYSICAL PROBLEMS (WILLIAM JAMES)
Authors: Salnikova Nataliia
Published: January 2020

The main task of philosophy W. James considered on the study of problems of metaphysics, theology and morality. In this connection, the concept of “truth” and the problem of its essence occupy one of the leading places in the concept of pragmatism. In general, James believed that the practical consequences and results of metaphysical concepts and religious teachings are shaped by the spiritual ideas of their followers. James’s concept of pragmatism does not contain any new arguments in favor of the solution of philosophical problems in accordance with logic and common sense, but there are reasons for such a decision to be considered necessary. This is due to the interrelation of metaphysical ideas with the solution of practically important problems.
MODE OF INFORMATION THINKING IN THE CONTINUUM OF TECHNOGENIC CIVILIZATION
Authors: Halchenko Maksym
Published: January 2020

Today, science and its technological application have become determinants of the development of society, its cognition and transformation in line with the growth of knowledge. It becomes a condition for the formation of scientific thinking, which today stands in the mode of technical or technological thinking. The current stage of the scientific and technological revolution is related to the development of information and digital technologies, which are the factors in the formation of information thinking, segment and part of technological thinking. Information technology creates a new intellectual space, where so-called information thinking is the main way of cognition and communication.
التجارة العربية البينية (الواقع ــ المعوقات والحلول )
Authors: رجا خالد فيحان , درج علي احمد
Published: January 2020

إن العلاقات الاقتصادية العربية ــ العربية تعكس بدون شك جدلية الارتباط القائم بين التطور والتخلف على أساس إن هاتين الظاهرتين تكونان قطبي الاقتصاد العربي كمنظومة أفرزتها طبيعة الارتباط القائم بين العالم العربي والعالم الخارجي . وان التركيز في هذا البحث انصب على المبادلات التجارية فقط وهي بمجملها عوامل ساهمت في دفع المبادلات عقب أحقاب تاريخية مختلفة ، وأصبحت العلاقات التجارية بين الأقطار العربية تستمد طابعها من قاعدة التطور اللامتكافئ المرتبط بتوزيع العمل الاستعماري الذي فرض على الأقطار العربية التخصص في إنتاج المواد الأولية واستهلاك ما يصنع في الدول الرأسمالية والاندماج في السوق العالمية . وبعد حصول الأقطار العربية على استقلالها كانت صادراتها في مجال (البترول ) تستحوذ على النسبة الأكبر في مجمل تجارتها البينية أو الدولية . تتجلى أهمية البحث في إن الوطن العربي يتسم بموقع استراتيجي مهم ويمتلك ثروات هائلة تمكنه من الاعتماد على الذات في حالة استغلال تلك الموارد استغلالا امثل من خلال التعاون والتنسيق العربي المشترك وصولا الى اندماج اقتصادي عربي يغني عن الاندماج مع الاقتصادات الرأسمالية . أما هدف البحث هو استكشاف إعادة تكييف العلاقات العربية ــ العربية وضرورة توجيه وتنسيق العلاقات الاقتصادية العربية الثنائية والجماعية لخدمة الأهداف القومية . ويفترض البحث بان هناك مايبرز العوامل المختلفة للاختلال في المبادلات التجارية العربية البينية وارتباط مبادلات هذه الأقطار مع الخارج مما أدى الى تدني نسبة المبادلات العربية البينية (%9) مقارنة مع نسبة المبادلات العربية الدولية ((%91 .
PERANCANGAN DAN OPTIMASI SISTEM PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK MIKROHIDRO DENGAN DAYA 8.5 KW
Authors: Rusuminto Rusuminto , Paryatmo Wibowo
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai perancangan dan optimalisasi turbin air dengan memanfaatkan sumber energi air yang mempunyai ketinggian kotor 18 meter dengan beda ketinggian 12,1 meter, sungai tiwingan mempunyai debit 0,33 meter kubik perdetik dengan potensi daya listrik 8,5 Kw. Dari analisa yang didapat diperoleh jenis turbin yang sesuai adalah jenis turbin Crossflow, dipilihnya jenis turbin tersebut dikarenakan ketersedian teknologi secara lokal dan biaya pembuatan yang lebih murah metode yang dipakai adalah menganalisa segitiga kecepatan pada bagian runner turbin dengan memvariasikan sudut alfa, dari sudut alfa 7 derajat sampai dengan 16 derajat dengan mengambil sudut aliran alfa 14 derajat sebagai contoh rancangan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengambilan contoh sudut aliran 14 derajat adalah 89.457 Kw
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM DETEKSI KELELAHAN PADA PENGEMUDI MOBIL BERBASIS SINYAL ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG)
Authors: Firdaus Sukma , Adriana Marlia
Published: January 2020

Peningkatan alat trasportasi khususnya kendaraan roda empat (mobil) mengakibatkan peningkatan volume kendaraan di jalan. Hal ini berdampak pada meningkatnya kemacetan. Selain kemacetan, peningkatan volume kendaraan berdampak juga pada peningkatan kecelakan lalu lintas. Salah satu penyebab kecelakan lalu lintas adalah faktor pengendaranya, yaitu kelelahan. Penelitian ini, merancang sistem pendeteksi kelelahan pengemudi, berdasarkan sinyal biologis pengemudi yaitu sinyal biologis kondisi otot lengan. Sinyal tersebut direkam dengan menggunakan metode surface EMG. Elektroda yang ditempelkan disebelah kanan lengan dihubungkan dengan penguat instrumentasi dan digitalisasi melalui unit pemproses sinyal untuk dapat disimpan kedalam komputer. Kegiatan pengambilan data dilakukan sebanyak 8 kali dengan jarak tempuh pengemudi sebesar 80 km dari Kota Banjarmasin menuju Kota Pelaihari. Akuisisi data menggunakan frekuensi sampling sebesar 4 KHz dan diproses secara filter analog untuk High Pass Filter sebesar 2 KHz dan Low Pass Filter sebesar 500 Hz. Setelah data direkam, sinyal dilakukan proses downsampling menjadi 1 KHz. Pada proess digital, dilakukan lagi proses pemfilteran secara Low Pass Filter sebesar 500 Hz. Proses digital selanjutnya adalah melakukan analisis pada domain frekuensi menggunakan transformasi fourier dengan memakai algoritma fast fourier transform (fft). Hasil dari transformasi fourier diidentifikasi berdasarkan nilai Mean Power Frequency (MPF). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan MPF yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh saat awal berkendara nilai rata-rata MPF nya adalah sebesar 25,2 Hz sedangkan pada akhir berkendara bernilai sebesar 33,3 Hz. Dengan hasil ini dapat tergambarkan kondisi pengemudi pada awal mengemudi dan tidak terjadi kelelahan maka nilai frekuensi yang dominan cenderung lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan setelah berkendara atau saat kelelahan.
RANCANG BANGUN PEMBUATAN TURBIN ANGIN TYPE HORIZONTAL BERDIAMETER 2,8 METER DAN OUTPUT DAYA LISTRIK 1000 WATT
Authors: Syahyuniar Rusuminto
Published: January 2020

Semakin menipisnya sumber energi yang tidak dapat terbarukan (non-renewable), hal tersebut memerlukan suatu  jalan  alternatif  guna  mengganti  sumber  energi  tersebut  dengan  sumber  energi  yang terbarukan (renewable). Sumber energi tak terbarukan yang banyak digunakan saat ini adalah bahan bakar yang berasal dari fosil (minyak bumi, gas alam, dan batu bara). Oleh karena itu, sumber daya energy sangat dibutuhkan yakni turbin angin. Rumusan masalah dalam pembuatan turbin angin ini adalah seberapa besar putaran rotor yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan tenaga listrik serta daya torsi yang dapat dihasilkan sesuai dengan karakteristik angin yang ada di Kabupaten Tanah Laut. Rancang bangun turbin angin ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem pembangkit energi angin sehingga bisa dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu upaya mengatasi  masalah  tersebut  adalah  dengan  menggunakan  energi  angin. Turbin  angin  adalah salah  satu  mesin  konversi  energi  yang  merubah  energi  kinetik  angin  menjadi  energi  mekanik pada porosnya. Turbin angin propeller memiliki kemampuan airfoil yang bagus sehingga hanya  membutuhkan  angin  dengan  kecepatan  rendah  untuk  dapat  memutar  rotor  dari  turbin. Metode  yang  digunakan  adalah  penelitian eksperimental  dengan  memvariasikan  jumlah blade 3 dengan  variabel  bebas kecepatan  angin rata-rata 3 m/s.
PEMBUATAN ALAT PENDETEKSI KESALAHAN PADA PEMASANGAN TERMINAL BATERAI KENDARAAN
Authors: Saparudin Saparudin , Firdaus Sukma , Adriana Marlia
Published: January 2020

Dunia otomotif berkembang sangat cepat, contohnya pada sistem pengapian kendaraan, mulai dari penggunaan platina, Capacitive Discharge Ignition (CDI), dan sekarang Electronic Control Unit (ECU) yang memerlukan sistem kelistrikan. Sumber listrik utama pada kendaraan adalah baterai yang menyuplai arus searah. Hasil putaran mesin di ubah oleh dinamo isi menjadi energi listrik, salah satu fungsinya untuk mengaktifkan material pada komponen baterai yang tidak bisa terus menerus aktif menyuplai daya listrik. Maka dari itu perawatan  pada aki harus dilakukan secara berkala, mulai dari mengecek kondisi baterai sampai mengganti dengan baterai yang baru. Pada saat pergantian baterai, terminal baterai dilepas dan dipasang kembali. Dalam hal ini, terdeteksi terjadinya kesalahan pada saat pemasangan terminal baterai, baik karena kelalaian, terburu-buru dan hal lain yang memacu serta produksi kendaraan hanya memberikan indikasi kutub baterai dengan tanda dan warna,  yang tidak bisa menjamin hal tersebut.  Dampak yang ditimbulkan adalah kendaraan tidak dapat dihidupkan. Current Protector adalah sebuah alat yang dapat mendeteksi, mengamankan dan memberitahukan apabila terjadi kesalahan pada saat pemasangan terminal baterai. Alat ini tersusun oleh komponen-komponen elektronik dioda, relay, resistor, light emitting diode (LED), Buzzer  dan sekering. Sehingga, meskipun pemasangan terminal aki tertukar, kendaraan masih dapat dihidupkan.
Influence of Foreign Workers Engagement Barriers on Management Attitude and Behavior within a Warehouse Organization in Canada
Authors: Ayenimo Sunkanmi Peter , Chauhan Dipak
Published: January 2020

This research that was completed in partial fulfillment of a master’s degree at Lough borough University examined the Influence of foreign workers' engagement barriers on Management attitude and behavior within a warehouse Organization located across three sites in Canada. Quantitative data were collected from the three operating sites of an anonymous warehouse Company.350 responses were received out of 515 questionnaires distributed. This project found a positive regression coefficient more than 40% between the variables of management commitment and the variables of the workers' engagement barriers at a 95% confidence level and a P-value less than 5%. Evidence from the open-ended questions suggested language barriers, cultural differences, discriminations, and lack of social interactions amongst the inter-racial workers were the barriers for workers' engagement in the organization.
The Influence of Net Interest Margin (NIM) on Profitability of Sri Lankan Banking Industry
Authors: De Silva D.S.P. Nishantha , Chinna Karuthan , Azam S. M. Ferdous
Published: January 2020

A major assumption in much of the bank profitability literature is that banks are profit maximizers. It is in fact, one of the assumptions that are shared by all models reviewed in the area of bank profitability studies. To be sure, standard theory tells us that banks’ shareholders are aspiring maximum return (profits) for their investments and it is thereby managers as agents of shareholders’ pursue to maximize profits. Hence, banks’ primary objective is to maximize shareholders return on investment by maximizing revenues and minimizing costs. The focus of the current study is emphasized the importance of achieving a healthy Net Interest Margin (NIM), which is the main lifeline or core in the banking business. Hence, this is an empirical study based on a time series analysis of actual data published during the latest 12 years on key variables relating to NIM and Profit after Tax (PAT). The authors have attempted to describe the relationship among important variables covering the subject and finally, the latest trends between NIM and PAT. Accordingly, the objective of this study was based on verifying the general opinion on whether the NIM of the Sri Lankan Banking industry is on an undesired direction.
Critical Review: Future of Block Chain Economy in Financial Services
Authors: Hin Lim Hong
Published: January 2020

This research paper is based on the future of block chain economy in financial sectors and its significant usage. The researcher emphasized that the block chain technology has the potential to disrupt financial services and it can change the current face of financial Industry. The researcher focused on the significant usage of block chain economy to fraud detection, to maintain the customer’s history, trade finance, and smart contracts. There are some challenging faces of block chain economy towards adoption in financial sectors such as interoperability, privacy, energy consumption, security, scalability, and legal regulations. The researcher also stated that block chain economy is a scenario and potential future environment in which crypto currency replaces current monetary systems on a global basis to become an autonomous market participants in financial sectors. The researcher also highlights the key challenges of block chain economy adoption in financial sectors with current statistics of future analysis.