bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposta de Software na Disciplina Computação Aplicada à Medicina
Authors: Schaefer Catiane , Ebert Bruna , Grespan Letícia , Wendt Juliana da Rosa , Cruz Marcia Elena Jochims Kniphoff da
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho apresenta um relato referente a uma proposta do software denominado 'Infomed', projetada por estudantes do curso de Medicina, na disciplina 'Computação Aplicada à Medicina'. A preparação do futuro médico para a participação em equipes multidisciplinares de desenvolvimento de software é imprescindível. Os resultados demonstram que ideias de software inovador podem ser geradas na disciplina e incentivam a abordagem de temáticas da Computação no curso de Medicina.
Demonstração de um dispositivo IoT de monitoramento e multimídia para simuladores de caminhada indoor
Authors: Hayashi Victor T. , Hayashi Fábio H.
Published: October 2021

Este artigo descreve um dispositivo IoT que apresenta os dados  coletados de um simulador de caminhada indoor em um dashboard web de  forma autônoma e privativa (i.e., sem necessidade de conexão Internet e com  autonomia de coleta de dados de 10 usuários durante 30 dias), e é integrado a  funcionalidades multimídia: streaming de vídeo e rádio.
Blue Laser Diode-Based Visible Light Communication and Solid-State Lighting
Authors: Ali Amjad , Li Qian , Fu Hongyan , Raza Mehdi Syed
Published: October 2021

In this chapter, we review our recent work on blue laser diode-based visible light communication and solid-state lighting. Gallium nitride (GaN) phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (Pc-WLEDs) are emerging as an indispensable solid-state lighting (SSL) source for next-generation display system and the lighting industry. Together with the function of lighting, visible light communication (VLC) using Pc-WLEDs has gained increasing attention to fulfill the growing demand for wireless data communication. Practically, the low modulation response and low emitting intensity of light-emitting diodes (LED) are the drawbacks for the development of ultrahigh-speed VLC and high-quality SSL system. Blue GaN laser diode (LD) and remote phosphor-based white light can be used for both high-speed VLC and SSL simultaneously. We demonstrated a color-rendering index (CRI) of 93.8, a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4435 K, and a data rate of 1.6 Gbps under NRZ-OOK modulation by an exciting blue laser diode on narrowband green−/red-emitting composite phosphor film. This work opens up exciting possibilities for future high-speed indoor VLC and high-quality SSL.
Oral Bacteriophages
Authors: Bhonchal Bhardwaj Sonia , Kumari Seema
Published: October 2021

Bacteriophage or phage therapy involves using phages or their products as bio-agents for the treatment or prophylaxis of bacterial infections or diseases. Bacteriophages have the ability to regulate the oral microflora by lysing sensitive bacterial cells and releasing bacterial components with pro-inflammatory activity. Bacteriophages carry specific polysaccharide depolymerases that aid viral penetration and can disrupt the pathogenic process associated with biofilm and exopolysaccharide in the oral cavity. Oral diseases are mainly caused by biofilm forming microorganisms and phages are now being used for biocontrol of oral biofilms. Phages for Actinomyces species, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Lactobacillus species, Neisseria species, Streptococcus species, and Veillonella species have been isolated and characterized. Bacteriophages could be considered as potential therapeutic tools for the elimination of caries, periodontitis, and other diseases of the oral cavity.
Endocrine Conditions in Neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: Mehta Shilpa , Palliyil Gopi Resmy
Published: October 2021

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is an autosomal-dominant multisystemic neurocutaneous disorder primarily affecting the skin, bone and the nervous system. It has been long appreciated that NF1 is often associated with endocrine disorders. In this chapter, we will discuss the endocrine disorders associated with NF1. The most common endocrinological disorders in NF1 are short stature with or without growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, growth hormone excess. Less common endocrine-related conditions in NF1 include gynecomastia, diencephalic syndrome and the presence of endocrine tumors like pheochromocytoma.
The Juramento: Secondary and Tertiary Preventive Benefits of a Religious-Based Brief Alcohol Intervention in the Mexican Immigrant Community
Authors: Garcia Victor , Fox Katherine , Lambert Emily , Heckert Alex
Published: October 2021

Our chapter addresses the prevention benefits of the juramento, a grassroots religious-based brief intervention for harmful drinking practiced in Mexico and the Mexican immigrant community in the United States. With origins in Mexican folk Catholicism, it is a sacred pledge made to Our Lady of Guadalupe to abstain from alcohol for a specific time period; in most cases, at least six months. We draw on our data from a subsample of 15 Mexican workers who made juramentos and two priests who administered the juramento to the workers. The sample is from a larger qualitative study on the use of the juramento among Mexican immigrant and migrant workers in southeastern Pennsylvania. Our findings reveal that, in addition to serving as an intervention, the juramento results in secondary prevention—by identifying a harmful drinking before the onset of heavy drinking—and tertiary prevention—by slowing or abating the progression of heavy drinking.
Media Campaign Exposure and HIV/AIDS Prevention: 1980–2020
Authors: Muhammad Hamid Adamu , Matthew Sule Godwin
Published: October 2021

The interest of health communication scholars hover on relationships between HIV/AIDS message exposure and HIV knowledge, attitude and practice as the epidemic is no longer seen as only a health issue; its ramifications cover all aspects of society from economic, social structures to psychological makeup of communities. The media, under normal condition are expected to complement governments’ efforts in achieving set objectives on such important issues as combating HIV/AIDS through the creation of awareness, mobilization and advocacy among other things, such as contained in the cardinal tenets of Development Media Theory. This is more so given that the only remedy to the epidemic is prevention through advocacy on the promotion of safe practices. Mass media play a central role in this direction. Exposure to HIV/AIDS messages especially on the mass media among adolescents in sub Saharan Africa has been reported as abysmal in the early 2000s, but now given growth in infrastructure and development in technology and program appeal, there emerges a need for reassessment. Given that communication particularly through the media is considered a major preventive strategy, this chapter set out to highlight a compressive review of scholarly works on HIV/AIDS media exposure, knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) across regions of the world, since the 80s. It is however concluded that the study of media use and HIV/AIDS KAP leaves much to be explored conceptually, methodologically and empirically.
Insights into Oropharyngeal Microbiota, Biofilms and Associated Diseases from Metagenomics and Transcriptomic Approaches
Authors: Priyadarshini Richa , Krishnan Karthik , Niranjan Rashmi
Published: October 2021

Oral cavity is an ecologically complex environment and hosts a diverse microbial community. Most of these organisms are commensals, however, on occasion, some have the potential to become pathogenic causing damage to the human host. Complex interactions between pathogenic bacteria, the microbiota, and the host can modify pathogen physiology and behavior. Most bacteria in the environment do not exist in free-living state but are found as complex matrix enclosed aggregates known as biofilms. There has been research interest in microbial biofilms because of their importance in industrial and biomedical settings. Bacteria respond to environmental cues to fine-tune the transition from planktonic growth to biofilm by directing gene expression changes favorable for sessile community establishment. Meta-approaches have been used to identify complex microbial associations within human oral cavity leading to important insights. Comparative gene expression analysis using deep sequencing of RNA and metagenomics studies done under varying conditions have been successfully used in understanding and identifying possible triggers of pathogenicity and biofilm formation in oral commensals.
Assessing Host-Pathogen Interaction Networks via RNA-Seq Profiling: A Systems Biology Approach
Authors: Dev Sareshma Sudhesh , Subha Bhassu
Published: October 2021

RNA sequencing is a valuable tool brought about by advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Initially used for transcriptome mapping, it has grown to become one of the ‘gold standards’ for studying molecular changes that occur in niche environments or within and across infections. It employs high-throughput sequencing with many advantages over previous methods. In this chapter, we review the experimental approaches of RNA sequencing from isolating samples all the way to data analysis methods. We focus on a number of NGS platforms that offer RNA sequencing with each having their own strengths and drawbacks. The focus will also be on how RNA sequencing has led to developments in the field of host-pathogen interactions using the dual RNA sequencing technique. Besides dual RNA sequencing, this review also explores the application of other RNA sequencing techniques such as single cell RNA sequencing as well as the potential use of newer techniques like ‘spatialomics’ and ribosome-profiling in host-pathogen interaction studies. Finally, we examine the common challenges faced when using RNA sequencing and possible ways to overcome these challenges.
Applications of Carbon Based Materials in Developing Advanced Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Tariq Maria , Hussain Tajamal , Mujahid Adnan , Nadeem Ahmad Mirza , Imran Din Muhammad , Intisar Azeem , Zahid Muhammad
Published: October 2021

With the increasing pressure of population, the energy demand is growing explosively. By 2050, it is expected that the world population may reach to about 9 billion which may result in the increase of energy requirement to about 12.5 trillion watts. Due to increasing pressures of population, industries and technology, concerns to find possibilities to cope with increasing demand of energy resources, arise. Although the renewable energy resources including fossil fuels, wind, water and solar energy have been used for a long time to fulfill the energy requirements, but they need efficient conversions and storage techniques and are responsible for causing environmental pollution due to greenhouse gases as well. It is thus noteworthy to develop methods for the generation and storage of renewable energy devices that can replace the conventional energy resources to meet the requirement of energy consumption. Due to high energy demands, the sustainable energy storage devices have remained the subject of interest for scientists in the history, however, the traditional methods are not efficient enough to fulfill the energy requirements. In the present era, among other variety of advanced treatments, nano-sciences have attracted the attention of the scientists. While talking about nano-science, one cannot move on without admiring the extraordinary features of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and other carbon based materials. CNTs are on the cutting edge of nano science research and finding enormous applications in energy storage devices. Excellent adsorption capabilities, high surface area, better electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, high aspect ratio and good chemical and physical properties of CNTs have grabbed tremendous attention worldwide. Their charge transfer properties make them favorable for energy conversion applications. The limitation to the laboratory research on CNTs for energy storage techniques due to low specific capacitance and limited electrochemical performance can be overcome by surface functionalization using surface functional groups that can enhance their electrical and dispersion properties. In this chapter, ways CNTs employed to boost the abilities of the existing material used to store and transfer of energy have been discussed critically. Moreover, how anisotropic properties of CNTs play important role in increasing the energy storage capabilities of functional materials. It will also be discussed how various kinds of materials can be combined along CNTs to get better results.
The Gynaecological Papyrus Kahun
Authors: Trindade Lopes Helena , G. Gurgel Pereira Ronaldo
Published: October 2021

The Papyrus Kahun is oldest known Egyptian medical document addressing issues of midwifery, dating back to the second Millennium BC. Here it follows a study of the papyrus, featuring hieroglyphic text and its transliteration and translation versions. This work also features commentaries regarding the papyrus’ medical substances and some linguistic evidences on the intimacy between spiritual and physical spheres in the Egyptian therapeutics. After the papyrus text, there is an Egyptian-English glossary.
Potentials of Wood, Bamboo and Natural Fibre-Reinforced Composite Products as Substitute Materials for Fabricating Affordable Agricultural Equipment and Processing Machines in Africa
Authors: Olajide Olorunnisola Abel
Published: October 2021

Modern agriculture depends heavily on technology. Land clearing, irrigation, drainage, crop storage and processing all require technological input. By modernising her agriculture, through wise application of science and technology, Africa can make significant headway in economic growth. However, an agricultural technology that is too sophisticated for a particular country/region is beyond its absorptive capacity. Hence, to achieve the objectives of agricultural mechanisation in Africa, it is imperative to take into account prevailing socio-economic conditions and the level of mechanisation necessary for optimal productivity. One major constraint to agricultural mechanisation in sub-Saharan Africa is the relatively high cost of imported metallic machine and equipment fabrication materials. Taking full advantage of substitute non-metallic materials may lower the cost of production and concomitantly empower rural fabricators with limited access to electricity and welding facilities to engage in local manufacturing of sundry agricultural machines and equipment. This Chapter presents illustrative examples of full and partial substitution of metallic with non-metallic materials in the fabrication of affordable machines and equipment for agricultural production, agro-processing, irrigation and drainage, crop drying and storage. Ways of addressing identified critical challenges of technology diffusion are also discussed.
O Que é o Monismo Anómalo?
Authors: Santos Ricardo ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is to present, in a clear and accessible way, Donald Davidson’s anomalous monism. I stress that what distinguishes Davidson’s monism from other identity theories of the mind is the conjunction of an identity thesis (viz. every mental event is a physical event) with an anti-reductionist argument, according to which there are no strict psychophysical laws.
Metafísica e Mitologia
Authors: Gabriel Markus ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Since it can reasonably be taken for granted that the Gods of pagan mythology have been products of human cognitive activities, there is an obvious relation between our most general concepts of consciousness and the possibility of an understanding of mythology. In order to hint at the insuffiency of the modern idea of an autonomous subject, which is devoid of any content that cannot be construed as a moment of self-conscious reflection, it is necessary to go back to both ancient greek metaphysics and mythology. Ancient metaphysics does not yet fully articulate the idea of an autonomous subjectivity (even though the latter would not have been possible without the former). Therefore, it is better understood in terms of ontonomy, i.e. metaphysical thought of what there ultimately is. In the paper it is argued that metaphysical ontonomy has its origin in mythological theonomy. The very idea of an emancipation of logos from myth is itself mythological. Hence, self-consciousness may be interpreted as a self-explication of mythology. In the very act of reflecting itself in human consciousness, the “Being” hides its mythological, artistic nature. However, this could not be made intelligible without the help of mythology itself because it is impossible to talk about Ontonomy let alone Theonomy in theoretical propositions.
O Platonismo de Marcel Proust
Authors: Matos Pacheco José António Leite Cruz de ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Marcel Proust is not known as a philosopher. Nevertheless, his monumental masterpiece, In Search for Lost Time, must be understood as a System - not a «philosophical System», but a System sustained and moved by a philosophy of existence: «System of existence itself»; «System of time» in its mere occurrence. Memory becomes here, in face of time, an almost sacred way of revealing sense: and sense - the sense that one can see and understand by this work of memory - somehow emerges like a perfect, platonical form, that brings happiness and is wisdom, not as if we have already seen it in a previous life of the soul, but in the process of making its own rememberance and comprehension.
Climate change, public health and wellbeing: introduction
Authors: Goldhill Simon , Fitzgibbon Georgie
Published: October 2021

Climate change presents a serious threat to global public health and requires an immediate, internationally coordinated, response. There may be considerable value in introducing a public health frame into the ongoing public�and policy�dialogue about climate change. The articles presented here explore the connections between climate change, public health and wellbeing.
Impacto psicológico del confinamiento en una muestra de personas mayores: estudio longitudinal antes y durante el COVID-19
Authors: Molina Martínez Mª Ángeles , Paniagua Granados Teresa , Fernández-Fernández Virginia
Published: October 2021

El confinamiento domiciliario ha sido una de las medidas tomadas en relación con el COVID-19. Conocer qué consecuencias psicológicas conlleva es de interés y en particular en la población mayor. Se analiza el impacto del confinamiento de una muestra de personas mayores de 65 años evaluada antes de la pandemia (OLA 1) y que fue, posteriormente, evaluada durante el confinamiento domiciliario (OLA 2). Se administró un cuestionario digital distribuido de forma online (C.A.W.I -computer assisted web interviewing-) a una muestra de 141 personas mayores de 64 años de Madrid. Se indagan, por un lado, datos sociodemográficos, de vivienda y servicios, situación sanitaria, salud, función física, ejercicio físico, sintomatología depresiva, actividades de ocio y tiempo libre, apoyo social, resiliencia, soledad y bienestar en la situación de confinamiento de la muestra (OLA 2) mediante análisis descriptivos. Además, se realizan análisis de comparación en algunas variables de la muestra antes de la pandemia (OLA 1) y durante el confinamiento (OLA 2). Los resultados muestran que se preservan los niveles de bienestar en la muestra de este estudio
Impacto emocional de la pandemia de COVID-19 durante el periodo de confinamiento en España: Factores protectores y factores de riesgo/vulnerabilidad
Authors: Sandín Bonifacio , Chorot Paloma , García-Escalera Julia , Valiente Rosa M.
Published: October 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar el impacto emocional de la pandemia de COVID-19 y el confinamiento nacional vivido en España durante los meses de marzo y abril de 2020. Se investigó la prevalencia de distrés emocional, así como también los factores protectores y de riesgo/vulnerabilidad. Una muestra de 1.561 participantes (edad: 19-84 años) cumplimentó online el Cuestionario de Impacto Psicológico del Coronavirus (CIPC), la Escala de Intolerancia a la Incertidumbre –12, y las escalas PANAS de afecto positivo y negativo.  Los resultados indican que muchos participantes experimentaron niveles elevados de distrés emocional reflejado a través de un perfil de distrés de 10 síntomas en el que predominaron la preocupación, el agobio/estrés, la desesperanza, la tristeza/depresión y los problemas de sueño. Encontramos factores protectores (edad, nivel de ingresos, jardín en vivienda, trabajar fuera de casa), de riesgo (exposición a los medios de comunicación, vivir con enfermos crónicos, vivir con personas dependientes, trabajar como sanitario) y de vulnerabilidad (sexo, afecto negativo, intolerancia a la incertidumbre) que predecían significativamente los niveles de distrés. El afecto negativo y la intolerancia a la incertidumbre demostraron ser poderosos predictores del distrés. Adicionalmente, se proporciona evidencia empírica sobre la validación de la Escala de Distrés Emocional del CIPC.
Assessing the Effects of Myths about Sexual Aggression on the Verisimilitude of a Victim-Complainant of Sexual Assault
Authors: Gancedo Yurena , Sanmarco Jéssica , Selaya Adriana , González-Dapía Andrea , Novo Mercedes
Published: October 2021

Sexual violence against women is one of the most underre­ported criminal offences, and has one of the lowest con­viction rates. The main standard of proof is the victim’s-complainant’s testimony and the evaluation of credibility. In order to assess the effects of myths about sexual aggres­sion on the credibility of women and their testimony, a field study was performed. The study consisted of 353 par­ticipants (235 women), aged 16 to 72 years, who evaluated the credibility of a testimony of a victim-complainant of sexual assault where the type of narrative was manipulated (neutral, provocative clothing, and alcohol consumption), and responded to a measure of the acceptance of myths about sexual aggression. The results revealed the type of narrative had no effect on the evaluation of testimonial credibility, but an effect was found in the factors gender, and myths about sexual aggression. Succinctly, men con­ferred less credibility to a victim’s-complainant’s testi­mony (i.e., less victim-complainant honesty, and testimo­nial credibility), whilst attributing less responsibility to the aggressor-defendant. However, both men and women equally attributed responsibility to the victim-complainant for the sexual assault. Moreover, individuals sanctioning myths about sexual aggression attributed less honesty and credibility to the victim-complainant, and their testimony, whilst attributing less responsibility to the aggressor-de­fendant, and more to the victim-complainant. The impli­cations of the results on judgement-making are discussed.
As representações faunísticas na arte rupestre do Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, como indicadores de mudanças climáticas e resiliência
Authors: Campos Luana , Buco Cristiane de Andrade
Published: October 2021

O termo “mudanças climáticas” têm feito, cada vez mais, parte do vocabulário contemporâneo, sendo seus efeitos sentidos das mais distintas formas por todo o globo. Entretanto, não se trata de um fenômeno exclusivamente recente. Os efeitos das mudanças climáticas têm influenciado na ontologia do comportamento humano, com expressões marcantes na sua cultura material, em uma via dupla de relações, onde a própria cultura material serve de indicadores das mudanças ambientais provocadas pelas variações climáticas. Nesse sentido propomos uma metodologia de abordagem dupla, pautada na análise por fragmentação e por intersecção, como forma de compreender a complexidade das relações clima/patrimônio na região do Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara, Piauí, Brasil.
Mudanças climáticas e patrimônio agroalimentar: aprendizados para resiliência
Authors: Fachini Cristina , Moreno Rojas Rafael , Carvalho Aline Vieira de
Published: October 2021

A crise na saúde pública mundial veio ampliar os riscos globais relativos à vida humana no Planeta Terra, tornando ainda mais importante considerar de forma conjunta a mitigação das mudanças climáticas, a produção de alimentos, a conservação da biodiversidade e a saúde pública.  Nesse artigo nos dedicamos a apresentar como a cultura alimentar de diferentes grupos sociais aportam aprendizados para resiliência em relação as mudanças climáticas e a segurança alimentar. Tais aprendizados partem de casos brasileiros e espanhóis que apresentam práticas e conhecimentos tradicionais no campo da alimentação. Em diálogo com métricas de aferição e com a percepção dos sistemas de saberes envolvidos na produção alimentar, argumentamos que o conhecimento do patrimônio alimentar e das práticas associadas a agrobiodiversidade são importantes fontes de aprendizados que visam criar resiliência e mitigação frente a mudança climática. O artigo está estruturado a partir de três eixos de discussão: o primeiro apresenta o conceito de patrimônio agroalimentar e os marcos legais que o regem no âmbito mundial, no Brasil e na Espanha. O segundo tópico apresenta a relação da mudança climática e o conhecimento e práticas tradicionais associadas aos agrossistemas, e o terceiro tópico está relacionando a questão da mudança climática as das práticas alimentares.
A solidão na contemporaneidade: uma reflexão sobre as relações sociais
Authors: Santos Joyce Duailibe Laignier Barbosa , Gregório Stéfanie Rhoden , Rosa Carlos Mendes
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a respeito dos afetos na sociedade contemporânea, em especial a solidão, entendida como sintoma social. Foi desenvolvido por meio da metodologia de escrita ensaio crítico, que não segue a lógica formal estabelecida por um método tradicional, mas se dá pela busca de reflexões profundas, por meio da articulação de pensamentos de diversos autores. Discute a respeito dos afetos e da solidão, no contexto de suas manifestações sociais, do consumismo, individualismo, vida virtual e da solidão positiva. Através dessa reflexão, compreende-se que o fenômeno da solidão se constitui por meio de diversas transformações sociais, e que não necessariamente deve ser sinônimo de adoecimento ou isolamento, mas, está presente em situações de transformações e estruturação do desenvolvimento humano, auxiliando no processo de socialização e promovendo espaço para o aprendizado.
Paralelos e paradoxos entre serviços públicos europeu e brasileiro: transição neoliberal e exclusão
Authors: Santos Regerson Franklin dos , Souza Adauto de Oliveira
Published: October 2021

Compreender as transformações que a sociedade vem passando nas últimas décadas é crucial para que possa entender a histórica relação entre Estado e Mercado. Nesse ínterim, os serviços públicos são o foco que os uni e, ao mesmo tempo, os separa. Evidenciar as diferenças entre a gradativa transferência de serviços públicos essenciais à iniciativa privada como parte do processo neoliberal iniciado na Europa em fins dos anos de 1970 e, preconizado em etapas mais lentas no Brasil, é o objetivo desse texto. Analisar as convergências entre o que ocorreu lá, inclusive com múltiplas conceituações, e o que acontece no território nacional principalmente após 2016, possibilita compreender um processo que possui particularidades e determinações históricas próprias em cada contexto geográfico, apesar de apresentar alguns pressupostos históricos e interrelacionados. Nesse sentido, implementar um Estado Mínimo em um país caracterizado por processos de cidadania incompleta e desigualdades as mais diversas, incide em ampliar a retirada de parcos Direitos e contribuir sobremaneira para a injustiça social e miserabilidade de parcela significativa da sociedade brasileira. O procedimento de pesquisa – bibliográfica - é ao mesmo tempo analítico e comparativo, baseando-se na literatura oriunda do contexto Europeu (Serviços de Interesse Econômico Geral – SIEG) para averiguar o processo aqui empreendido.
Disparate Use of Chemoradiation in Elderly Patients With Localized Anal Cancer
Authors: Miller Eric D. , Nalin Ansel P. , Diaz Pardo Dayssy A. , Arnett Andrea L. , Huang Emily , Gasior Alessandra C. , Malalur Pannaga , Chen Hui-Zi , Williams Terence M. , Bazan Jose G.
Published: October 2021

Background:The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is increasing, particularly among the elderly (age ≥65 years). We sought to compare patterns of care for the treatment of SCCA in elderly versus nonelderly patients.Methods:Data for patients with stages I–III SCCA diagnosed from 2004 through 2015 were obtained from the National Cancer Database. Patients were categorized as having received standard-of-care (SOC) chemoradiation (CRT) with multiagent chemotherapy, non-SOC therapy, palliative therapy, or no treatment. Differences in treatment groups were tested using the chi-square test. We used logistic regression to identify predictors of SOC CRT and multiagent versus single-agent chemotherapy in patients receiving CRT. Propensity score matching was used to compare overall survival (OS) in elderly patients receiving multiagent versus single-agent chemotherapy for those receiving CRT.Results:We identified 9,156 elderly and 17,640 nonelderly patients. A lower proportion of elderly versus nonelderly patients (54.5% vs 65.0%;P<.0001) received SOC CRT than other treatments or no treatment. In multivariate analysis, elderly patients were 38% less likely than nonelderly patients to receive SOC CRT (odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.58–0.65;P<.0001). A higher proportion of the elderly were treated with single-agent versus multiagent chemotherapy (16.9% vs 11.8%;P<.0001), which resulted in a >1.5-fold increase in the likelihood of elderly patients receiving single-agent chemotherapy (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.39–1.66) in multivariate analysis. After propensity score matching, 3-year OS was higher in elderly patients who received CRT with multiagent versus single-agent chemotherapy (77.1% vs 67.5%; hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68–0.89;P=.0002).Conclusions:In this comprehensive study of patients with stages I–III SCCA, elderly patients were less likely than nonelderly patients to receive SOC CRT. The low proportion of elderly patients receiving SOC CRT with multiagent chemotherapy for localized anal cancer suggests that the optimal treatment approach for this vulnerable population remains undefined.
Trajectories of Suffering in the Last Year of Life Among Patients With a Solid Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Malhotra Chetna , Malhotra Rahul , Bundoc Filipinas , Teo Irene , Ozdemir Semra , Chan Noreen , Finkelstein Eric
Published: October 2021

Background:Reducing suffering at the end of life is important. Doing so requires a comprehensive understanding of the course of suffering for patients with cancer during their last year of life. This study describes trajectories of psychological, spiritual, physical, and functional suffering in the last year of life among patients with a solid metastatic cancer.Patients and Methods:We conducted a prospective cohort study of 600 patients with a solid metastatic cancer between July 2016 and December 2019 in Singapore. We assessed patients’ psychological, spiritual, physical, and functional suffering every 3 months until death. Data from the last year of life of 345 decedents were analyzed. We used group-based multitrajectory modeling to delineate trajectories of suffering during the last year of a patient’s life.Results:We identified 5 trajectories representing suffering: (1) persistently low (47% of the sample); (2) slowly increasing (14%); (3) predominantly spiritual (21%); (4) rapidly increasing (12%); and (5) persistently high (6%). Compared with patients with primary or less education, those with secondary (high school) (odds ratio [OR], 3.49; 95% CI, 1.05–11.59) education were more likely to have rapidly increasing versus persistently low suffering. In multivariable models adjusting for potential confounders, compared with patients with persistently low suffering, those with rapidly increasing suffering had more hospital admissions (β=0.24; 95% CI, 0.00–0.47) and hospital days (β=0.40; 95% CI, 0.04–0.75) during the last year of life. Those with persistently high suffering had more hospital days (β=0.70; 95% CI, 0.23–1.17).Conclusions:The course of suffering during the last year of life among patients with cancer is variable and related to patients’ hospitalizations. Understanding this variation can facilitate clinical decisions to minimize suffering and reduce healthcare costs at the end of life.
L’epístola en la poesia de Vicent Andrés Estellés
Authors: Carbó Ferran
Published: October 2021

Aquest treball revisa les composicions poètiques que Vicent Andrés Estellés va considerar i anomenar epístoles al llarg de la seua extensa producció literària. Aquest tipus de composicions, juntament amb les èglogues, van ser importants en la seua confirmació com a poeta en llengua catalana en els anys cinquanta, i, a més, aquestes van aportar un to conversacional a la seua poesia, on el jo poètic aprofitava el tu interlocutor i destinatari per tal de construir-se en el text. L’estudi publica, entre els textos revisats, tres poemes epistolars inèdits.
Presentació del monogràfic «Com s’escriu avui la història de la llengua catalana?»
Authors: Nicolás Miquel
Published: October 2021

Presentació del monogràfic «Com s’escriu avui la història de la llengua catalana?», coordinat per Miquel Nicolás.
Jean-François Sablayrolles, «Comprendre la néologie. Conceptions, analyses, emplois», Llemotges, Éditions Lambert-Lucas (col·lecció «La Lexicothèque»), 2019, 312 p.
Authors: Llopart-Saumell Elisabet
Published: October 2021

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Jean-François Sablayrolles, Comprendre la néologie. Conceptions, analyses, emplois, Llemotges, Éditions Lambert-Lucas (col·lecció «La Lexicothèque»), 2019, 312 p., ISBN: 978-2-35935-286-3.
Joseph García Rodríguez, «La fraseología del español y el catalán. Semántica cognitiva, simbolismo y contrastividad», Berlín, Peter Lang, 2020, 308 p.
Authors: Mura G. Angela
Published: October 2021

Reseña sobre el libro de Joseph García Rodríguez, La fraseología del español y el catalán. Semántica cognitiva, simbolismo y contrastividad, Berlín, Peter Lang, 2020, 308 p., ISBN: 978-3-631-82445-0.
IMPACT OF DROUGHT AND SITE CHARACTERISTICS ON VITALITY AND RADIAL GROWTH OF CEDRUS ATLANTICA MANETTI IN THE OUARSENIS MASSIF (ALGERIA)
Authors: SARMOUM Mohamed , NAVARRO-CERRILLO Rafael , GUIBAL Frédéric , ABDOUN Fatiha
Published: October 2021

This work investigates the impact of drought and site characteristics on vitality and radial growth of Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica Manetti) in Ouarsenis cedar forests (Algeria). The choice of this zone was dictated by the appearance of the phenomenon of decline since the 1980s and the lack of study on this subject. Our hypothesis seeks to understand how climatic factors interacted with site characteristics affected radial growth and vitality of Atlas cedar. We used the dendroecological approach where 09 populations of Atlas cedar distributed on the two cedars of Ouarsenis (Theniet El Had and Ain Antar) and covering a varied range of environmental conditions (substrate, altitude, exposure) were studied. The climatic signal recorded in ring-width series of Atlas cedar trees was investigated by bootstrapped response function over the period 1936-2010. The results show a good agreement between the individual curves and those of mean site chronologies, which reflects the influence of climatic factors on tree radial growth. Atlas cedar is very sensitive to rainfall fluctuations throughout the year. This sensitivity is more pronounced for populations located at low altitude, on steep slopes and on sand stone or marl substrates. The dry years induced a significant radial growth decline and triggered massive tree mortality, particularly in 1983, 1984, 1988, 1994 and 2002. The vitality of the species seems to be conditioned by the frequency of drought years.
THE EFFECT OF THE ORIGIN OF THE QUEEN BEES AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH SURROUNDINGS ON THE DEGREE OF VARROA INFESTATION OF A BEE COLONY
Authors: VOJT Denis , NEDIĆ Nebojša
Published: October 2021

Honey bee endures significant losses due to the presence of Varroa destructor mite in bee colony. Because of its wide-spread presence in bee colony it can cause its complete destruction. Different breeding programmes regarding honey bee pay a great attention to bee resistance to varroa. The trial was conducted in 27 bee colonies. Three groups of bee swarms were formed and in each there were nine queen bees originating from three mutually distant producers. Then, in three distant apiares the queen bees were placed in bee swarms so that in every apiary the queen bees of three different genotypes were represented. During 2017 and 2018, during six different periods, by a powdered sugar method the infestation of bee colonies by varroa mite was inspected. The degree of varroa infestation in relation to origin of queen bees ranged from 0.269 to 0.327 and difference determined was not statistically significant (P>0.05). In relation to a location, the least average infestation of societies accounting for 0.140 was observed in an apiary in northeastern Serbia, while the greatest infestation accounting for 0.452 was observed in colonies placed in western Serbia. Determined difference in varroa infestation in relation to a location of an apiary was statistically significant (P0.05). Continual monitoring of the varroa infested colonies by use of powdered sugar method indicated the differences between examined groups and reduced damage threshold for bees.
RICE LOSSES CHARACTERISTICS IN VARIOUS HARVESTING METHODS
Authors: ALLAMEH Alireza , ALIZADEH Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2021

Grain loss is inevitable during harvesting operations and attempts are made to identify and minimize that. In this study, field performance of five different harvesting methods were assessed which included three indirect harvesting methods of (i) manual cutting + threshing by a tractor driven thresher (T1), (ii) rice reaper + threshing by a tractor driven thresher (T2), (iii) rice reaper + threshing by universal combine harvester equipped with pickup type header (T3), and two direct harvesting methods of (iv) head-feed rice combine (T4), and (v) whole-crop rice combine (T5). The results revealed that the maximum and minimum effective field capacity related to whole-crop combine (0.361 ha h-1) and manual cutting (0.009 ha h-1), respectively. Quantitative losses (grain and panicle shattering) in harvesting and threshing obtained to be 2.58% and 2.33% in average on indirect harvesting (T1, T2 and T3) and direct harvesting (T4 and T5), respectively which were not significant statistically. The average qualitative losses (broken, husked and cracked grains) were 2.30% for indirect harvesting and 0.61% for direct harvesting that showed a decline of 63.3% compared to indirect harvesting. Total harvesting losses were 5.07% for T3 (maximum) and 2.74% for T4 (minimum). The harvesting method affected the percentage of broken rice after milling significantly. The average broken rice for T1, T2 and T3 was 23.72, 23.28 and 24.56% respectively which were significantly higher than T4 (21.05%) and T5 (20.87%). Also, in the view of loss reduction, applying rice combine harvesters had priority respect to indirect harvesting methods.
Conflictogenity in the sphere of higher education: causes, consequences, methods of settlement
Authors: Kabakhidze Ekaterina L'vovna
Published: October 2021

Among the neologisms actively used in youth environment, one come across multiple words with negative connotation, which are used to describe aggressive behavior or destructive emotional state. Aggression, conflict, alienation are the markers of modern society, which infiltrate all spheres of social life, including the system of education, which on the one hand is influenced by the external environment, while on the other is the mechanism for harmonization of public relations, formation of moral and ethical attitudes, as well as worldview values of the society. The ongoing anthropological crisis, which actualized the problem of conflictogenity in the sphere of higher education, laid the groundwork for this research. The goal of this article lies in the analysis and review of foreign research dedicated to the causes of conflicts that occur in the academic environment, as well as the mechanisms for their settlement. The author employs the combination of descriptive, comparative methods, classification, and introspection methods for the development of original perspective on the topic. Having provided the philosophical-psychological foundations of the modern anthropological crisis, and its conflictogenity in the system of higher education on the individual and institutional levels, the author classifies the types of conflicts along with the ways for overcoming them, and gives  special attention to such that may find their application in the Russian educational space. The main result of this research lies in the description of the types of conflicts in the academic environment, methods of their settlement, as well as practical recommendations for eliminating conflicts in the Russian universities. The novelty of this article consists in the systemic description of problematic field of the research – conflictogenity in the system of higher education, and determination of the mechanisms for overcoming conflict situations, considering national, cultural, and administrative specificity of higher education institutions in the Russian Federation.
Comparative analysis of the concept of “health” in the English, Russian and Chuvash proverbs
Authors: Pushkina Klara Vladimirovna , Ignateva Tatiana Stanislavovna
Published: October 2021

This article carries out a comparative analysis of the proverbs about health in English, Russian and Chuvash languages. Although the popularity towards leading a healthy lifestyle increases, there are virtually no comparative research of the proverbs on about health, which defines the relevance of this work. The goal lies in analyzing the culture and people's attitude towards health reflected in the proverbs of the compared non-cognate languages; finding the proverbs of the same content and uniting them into thematic groups. The novelty of this research consists in its linguoculturological focus. A comparative linguoculturological study of the proverbs of non-cognate languages allowed establishing the common and specific characteristics of the concept of “health” in linguistic consciousness of the English, Russian and Chuvash people, thereby determining their ethnic-cultural peculiarities. Theoretical importance of this work lies in the fact that the acquired results can be applied in comparative paremiology, the relevant segment of modern linguistics – linguoculturology; in lectures on the theory of cross-cultural communication and special courses on linguoculturology; in compiling textbooks on the practice of teaching foreign languages to the Russian-Chuvash audience, as well as medical glossaries.
Neuronal activity in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during economic choices under variable action costs
Authors: Cai Xinying , Padoa-Schioppa Camillo
Published: October 2021

The role of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACCd) in decision making has often been discussed but remains somewhat unclear. On the one hand, numerous studies implicated this area in decisions driven by effort or action cost. On the other hand, work on economic choices between goods (under fixed action costs) found that neurons in ACCd encoded only post-decision variables. To advance our understanding of the role played by this area in decision making, we trained monkeys to choose between different goods (juice types) offered in variable amounts and with different action costs. Importantly, the task design dissociated computation of the action cost from planning of any particular action. Neurons in ACCd encoded the chosen value and the binary choice outcome in several reference frames (chosen juice, chosen cost, chosen action). Thus, this area provided a rich representation of post-decision variables. In contrast to the OFC, neurons in ACCd did not represent pre-decision variables such as individual offer values in any reference frame. Hence, ongoing decisions are unlikely guided by ACCd. Conversely, neuronal activity in this area might inform subsequent actions.
Musical Aptitude as a Variable in the Assessment of Working Memory and Selective Attention Tasks
Authors: Nisha Kavassery Venkateswaran , Neelamegarajan Devi , Nayagam Nishant N. , Winston Jim Saroj , Anil Sam Publius
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: The influence of musical aptitude on cognitive test performance in musicians is a long-debated research question. Evidence points to the low performance of nonmusicians in visual and auditory cognitive tasks (working memory and attention) compared with musicians. This cannot be generalized to all nonmusicians, as a sub-group in this population can have innate musical abilities even without any formal musical training. The present study aimed to study the effect of musical aptitude on the working memory and selective attention.Subjects and Methods: Three groups of 20 individuals each (a total of 60 participants), including trained-musicians, nonmusicians with good musical aptitude, and nonmusicians with low musical aptitude, participated in the present study. Cognitive-based visual (Flanker’s selective attention test) and auditory (working memory tests: backward digit span and operation span) tests were administered.Results: MANOVA (followed by ANOVA) revealed a benefit of musicianship and musical aptitude on backward digit span and Flanker’s reaction time (p<0.05). Discriminant function analyses showed that the groups could be effectively (accuracy, 80%) segregated based on the backward digit span and Flanker’s selective attention test. Trained musicians and nonmusicians with good musical aptitude were distinguished as one cluster and nonmusicians with low musical aptitude formed another cluster, hinting the role of musical aptitude in working memory and selective attention.Conclusions: Nonmusicians with good musical aptitude can have enhanced working memory and selective attention skills like musicians. Hence, caution is required when these individuals are included as controls in cognitive-based visual and auditory experiments.
Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy
Authors: Li Chuankang , Wang Wensheng , Kuang Cuifang , Hao Xiang , Liu Xu
Published: October 2021

As one of the mainstream methods of super‐resolution microscopy, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy can effectively break through the diffraction limit of traditional far‐field optical microscopy and increase the resolution of the microscope to the level of nanometre. In the course of about 20 years, STED microscopy has continued to get evolved and has been widely used in many fields, such as life science and physical research, which effectively broadens the scope of our understanding of the microworld. We believe this review will provide a guide for broad readers in related technology.

Key Concepts

STED microscopy can achieve three‐dimensional super‐resolution imaging with a common resolution of 10–70 nm.

Parallelisation illumination can achieve high‐speed imaging using multiple excitation foci to illuminate the specimens.

Conventional STED imaging in deep tissue remains challenging mostly due to the fact that light gets scattered in tissues.

Under ultrahigh depletion radiation, background signals are generated by secondary excitation of the depletion illumination which has so far prohibited STED microscopy from reaching its theoretically molecular resolution.

In practice, the attainment of a higher resolution is notably retarded by the existence of photobleaching effect, a kind of photochemical reaction that permanently inhibits fluorophore molecules to fluoresce.