bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient-derived head and neck tumor slice cultures: a versatile tool to study oncolytic virus action
Authors: Runge Annette , Mayr Melissa , Schwaiger Theresa , Sprung Susanne , Chetta Paolo , Gottfried Timo , Dudas Jozsef , Greier Maria C. , Glatz Marlies C. , Haybaeck Johannes , Elbers Knut , Riechelmann Herbert , Erlmann Patrik , Petersson Monika
Published: September 2022

Head and neck cancer etiology and architecture is quite diverse and complex, impeding the prediction whether a patient could respond to a particular cancer immunotherapy or combination treatment. A concomitantly arising caveat is obviously the translation from pre-clinical, cell based in vitro systems as well as syngeneic murine tumor models towards the heterogeneous architecture of the human tumor ecosystems. To bridge this gap, we have established and employed a patient-derived HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) slice culturing system to assess immunomodulatory effects as well as permissivity and oncolytic virus (OV) action. The heterogeneous contexture of the human tumor ecosystem including tumor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells was preserved in our HNSCC slice culturing approach. Importantly, the immune cell compartment remained to be functional and cytotoxic T-cells could be activated by immunostimulatory antibodies. In addition, we uncovered that a high proportion of the patient-derived HNSCC slice cultures were susceptible to the OV VSV-GP. More specifically, VSV-GP infects a broad spectrum of tumor-associated lineages including epithelial and stromal cells and can induce apoptosis. In sum, this human tumor ex vivo platform might complement pre-clinical studies to eventually propel cancer immune-related drug discovery and ease the translation to the clinics.
Heart rate and blood lactate responses during the volleyball match
Authors: Akarçeşme Cengiz , Cengizel Elif , Şenel Ömer , Yıldıran İbrahim , Akyildiz Zeki , Nobari Hadi
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to examine the heart rate and blood lactate responses of female volleyball players during the match according to the player positions. A total of 24 senior female volleyball players (middle blocker (n = 6), setter (n = 6), spiker (n = 6), and libero (n = 6)) were monitored for heart rate and blood lactate before, during and after a volleyball match. The mean heart rate and blood lactate level of volleyball players were determined 117.2 ± 13.9 bpm, 2.7 ± 1.2 mmol/L during the match. Heart rate was statistically different between all playing positions except middle blockers vs. spikers (p < 0.05). The blood lactate levels between the groups were not statistically different. The setters have the lowest heart rate and the libero players have the highest during the match. All subjects have a heart rate 50–60% and below 50% of their heart rate maximum during more than half of the match duration. These current results can be used by coaches to determine a specific training load based on the heart rate and blood lactate differences between playing positions.
Transmembrane helices mediate the formation of a stable ternary complex of b5R, cyt b5, and SCD1
Authors: Shen Jiemin , Wu Gang , Tsai Ah-Lim , Zhou Ming
Published: September 2022

Mammalian cytochrome b5 (cyt b5) and cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R) are electron carrier proteins for membrane-embedded oxidoreductases. Both b5R and cyt b5 have a cytosolic domain and a single transmembrane (TM) helix. The cytosolic domains of b5R and cyt b5 contain cofactors required for electron transfer, but it is not clear if the TM helix has function beyond being an anchor to the membrane. Here we show that b5R and cyt b5 form a stable binary complex, and so do cyt b5 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1). We also show that b5R, cyt b5 and SCD1 form a stable ternary complex. We demonstrate that the TM helices are required for the assembly of stable binary and ternary complexes where electron transfer rates are greatly enhanced. These results reveal a role of the TM helix in cyt b5 and b5R, and suggest that an electron transport chain composed of a stable ternary complex may be a general feature in membrane-embedded oxidoreductases that require cyt b5 and b5R.
Analysis of genome and methylation changes in Chinese indigenous chickens over time provides insight into species conservation
Authors: Zeng Tao , Yin Jianmei , Feng Peishi , Han Feiran , Tian Yong , Wang Yuntong , Gu Tiantian , Xu Yuhui , Liu Yali , Li Guohui , Qu Liang , Chen Li , Gu Lihong , Xu Wenwu , Xue Qian , Wei Qingyu , Cao Yongqing , Li Peifeng , Zhang Huiyong , Li Guoqin , Liu Lijun , Zhou Chenghao , Tao Zhengrong , Shen Junda , Han Wei , Lu Lizhi
Published: September 2022

Conservation of natural resources is a vital and challenging task. Numerous animal genetic resources have been effectively conserved worldwide. However, the effectiveness of conservation programmes and the variation information of species have rarely been evaluated. Here, we performed whole-genome and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of 90 Chinese indigenous chickens, which belonged to the Tibetan, Wenchang and Bian chicken breeds, and have been conserved under different conservation programmes. We observed that low genetic diversity and high DNA methylation variation occurs during ex situ in vivo conservation, while higher genetic diversity and differentiation occurs during in situ conservation. Further analyses revealed that most DNA methylation signatures are unique within ex situ in vivo conservation. Moreover, a high proportion of differentially methylated regions is found in genomic selection regions, suggesting a link between the effects of genomic variation and DNA methylation. Altogether our findings provide valuable information about genetic and DNA methylation variations during different conservation programmes, and hold practical relevance for species conservation.
Integrated multi-omics analysis of adverse cardiac remodeling and metabolic inflexibility upon ErbB2 and ERRα deficiency
Authors: Dufour Catherine R. , Xia Hui , B’chir Wafa , Perry Marie-Claude , Kuzmanov Uros , Gainullina Anastasiia , Dejgaard Kurt , Scholtes Charlotte , Ouellet Carlo , Zuo Dongmei , Sanguin-Gendreau Virginie , Guluzian Christina , Smith Harvey W. , Muller William J. , Audet-Walsh Etienne , Sergushichev Alexey A. , Emili Andrew , Giguère Vincent
Published: September 2022

Functional oncogenic links between ErbB2 and ERRα in HER2+ breast cancer patients support a therapeutic benefit of co-targeted therapies. However, ErbB2 and ERRα also play key roles in heart physiology, and this approach could pose a potential liability to cardiovascular health. Herein, using integrated phosphoproteomic, transcriptomic and metabolic profiling, we uncovered molecular mechanisms associated with the adverse remodeling of cardiac functions in mice with combined attenuation of ErbB2 and ERRα activity. Genetic disruption of both effectors results in profound effects on cardiomyocyte architecture, inflammatory response and metabolism, the latter leading to a decrease in fatty acyl-carnitine species further increasing the reliance on glucose as a metabolic fuel, a hallmark of failing hearts. Furthermore, integrated omics signatures of ERRα loss-of-function and doxorubicin treatment exhibit common features of chemotherapeutic cardiotoxicity. These findings thus reveal potential cardiovascular risks in discrete combination therapies in the treatment of breast and other cancers.
Early stimulated immune responses predict clinical disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Svanberg Rebecka , MacPherson Cameron , Zucco Adrian , Agius Rudi , Faitova Tereza , Andersen Michael Asger , da Cunha-Bang Caspar , Gjærde Lars Klingen , Møller Maria Elizabeth Engel , Brooks Patrick Terrence , Lindegaard Birgitte , Sejdic Adin , Harboe Zitta Barrella , Gang Anne Ortved , Hersby Ditte Stampe , Brieghel Christian , Nielsen Susanne Dam , Podlekareva Daria , Hald Annemette , Bay Jakob Thaning , Marquart Hanne , Lundgren Jens , Lebech Anne-Mette , Helleberg Marie , Niemann Carsten Utoft , Ostrowski Sisse Rye
Published: September 2022

Background

The immune pathogenesis underlying the diverse clinical course of COVID-19 is poorly understood. Currently, there is an unmet need in daily clinical practice for early biomarkers and improved risk stratification tools to help identify and monitor COVID-19 patients at risk of severe disease.

Methods

We performed longitudinal assessment of stimulated immune responses in 30 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We used the TruCulture whole-blood ligand-stimulation assay applying standardized stimuli to activate distinct immune pathways, allowing quantification of cytokine responses. We further characterized immune cell subsets by flow cytometry and used this deep immunophenotyping data to map the course of clinical disease within and between patients.

Results

Here we demonstrate impairments in innate immune response pathways at time of COVID-19 hospitalization that are associated with the development of severe disease. We show that these impairments are transient in those discharged from hospital, as illustrated by functional and cellular immune reconstitution. Specifically, we identify lower levels of LPS-stimulated IL-1β, and R848-stimulated IL-12 and IL-17A, at hospital admission to be significantly associated with increasing COVID-19 disease severity during hospitalization. Furthermore, we propose a stimulated immune response signature for predicting risk of developing severe or critical COVID-19 disease at time of hospitalization, to validate in larger cohorts.

Conclusions

We identify early impairments in innate immune responses that are associated with subsequent COVID-19 disease severity. Our findings provide basis for early identification of patients at risk of severe disease which may have significant implications for the early management of patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Electrochemical grafting of organic films on silica
Authors: Datson Zane , Dief Essam , Li Tiexin , Le Brun Anton , Darwish Nadim
Published: September 2022

Silica becomes conducting in the presence of acid and can be electrochemically functionalized.
Damage-free evaluation of cultured cells based on multivariate analysis with a single-polymer probe
Authors: Sugai Hiroka , Tomita Shunsuke , Ishihara Sayaka , Shiraki Kentaro , Kurita Ryoji
Published: September 2022

We present a single-polymer probe that, via pattern-recognition-based sensing, can assess cultured cells without damaging them.
Discovery of a low-temperature Fe2O3 reduction route to Fe with carbon via Fe-MOF-74 decomposition
Authors: Huang Bo , Liu Yuhan , Tan Zhe
Published: September 2022

A novel low-temperature reduction route from Fe2O3 to Fe with carbon in the thermal decomposition experiments on the metal–organic framework Fe-MOF-74 was discovered. The reduction temperature was 430 °C, which is the lowest recorded up to now.
Fluorescence enhancement via structural rigidification inside a self-assembled Pd4 molecular vessel
Authors: Ahmed Shakil , Howlader Prodip , Bhattacharyya Soumalya , Mondal Surajit , Zangrando Ennio , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi
Published: September 2022

RIM is fundamental for the high emission of AIEgens in concentrated solution/solid-state. Confinement of such an AIEgen (SG) in the confined nanospace of a Pd4 molecular pocket caused RIM leading to high emission even in a dilute solution.
Replication of a synthetic oligomer using chameleon base-pairs
Authors: Núñez-Villanueva Diego , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: September 2022

An oligomer equipped with benzoic acid recognition units templates the polymerization of monomers with amidine recognition units, but cleavage of ester linkers in the resulting copy transforms the amidine recognition units into benzoic acids.
Imidazole-based AIEgens for highly sensitive and selective detection of picric acid
Authors: Zhang Yuzhu , Tang Fang , He Xuan , Wang Chengyuan , Kong Lin , Yang Jiaxiang , Ding Aixiang
Published: September 2022

A new family of imidazole-based AIEgens has been synthesized as fluorescent probes for specific recognition of picric acids over a variety of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous media with high sensitivity.
Use of a Diels–Alder reaction to modify thermal expansion properties in charge-transfer cocrystals
Authors: George Gary C. , Unruh Daniel K. , Hutchins Kristin M.
Published: September 2022

A strategy for modifying thermal expansion properties in dichroic, charge-transfer cocrystals is described.
The carbon chain growth during the onset of CVD graphene formation on γ-Al2O3 is promoted by unsaturated CH2 ends
Authors: Zhao Qi , Yamamoto Masanori , Yamazaki Kaoru , Nishihara Hirotomo , Crespo-Otero Rachel , Di Tommaso Devis
Published: September 2022

Atomistic calculations reveal the steps controlling the early stages of graphene growth on alumina, including the activation of CH4 and the formation of the reactive CH2* intermediate that couple to form linear CnH2n* (n = 2–6) and cyclic C6 species.
Characterization of the charge transfer luminescence of the [WO6]6− octahedron in Ca3WO6 and the [WO5]4− square pyramid in Ca3WO5Cl2
Authors: Kitagawa Yuuki , Takemura Shota , Hirai Daigorou , Hiroi Zenji , Ueda Jumpei , Tanabe Setsuhisa
Published: September 2022

The five-fold square pyramid caused by Cl− introduction brings about an inconsistent energy shift of the charge transfer excited states.
The influence of adsorption geometry on the reduction affinity of nitroaromatics on Au(111)
Authors: Berg Iris , Eisenberg Helen , Dery Shahar , Shahar Tehila , Cossaro Albano , Verdini Alberto , Floreano Luca , Stein Tamar , Gross Elad
Published: September 2022

The dominant influence of adsorption geometry on chemical reactivity was identified for nitro reduction on Au(111). Reactivity was facilitated only when the nitro group was oriented in high proximity and approximately parallel to the metal surface.
Influence of intermolecular interactions on the infrared complex indices of refraction for binary liquid mixtures
Authors: Myers Tanya L. , Bernacki Bruce E. , Wilhelm Michael J. , Jensen Karissa L. , Johnson Timothy J. , Primera-Pedrozo Oliva M. , Tonkyn Russell G. , Smith Steven C. , Burton Sarah D. , Bradley Ashley M.
Published: September 2022

Intermolecular interactions between the components of binary mixtures can lead to perturbations in experimentally measured reflectance spectra.
Correlating the orbital overlap area and vibrational frequency shift of an isocyanide moiety adsorbed on Pt and Pd covered Au(111) surfaces
Authors: Zhang Xia-Guang , Zhong Jin-Hui
Published: September 2022

The ratio of orbital overlap integral area between d–σ and d–π* peaks can correlate with the frequency shift.
Design of need-based phosphors and scintillators by compositional modulation in the ZnGa2−xAlxO4:Cr3+ spinel: pure compound versus solid solutions
Authors: Gupta Santosh K. , Sudarshan Kathi , Modak P. , Chandrashekhar D. , Tyagi Mohit , Modak Brindaban , Mohapatra M.
Published: September 2022

Materials that can depict persistent deep red light under both ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray illumination can be a boon to sustainable economy, particularly for optical imaging, solid state lighting, and anticounterfeiting applications.
Two rhodamine-azo based fluorescent probes for recognition of trivalent metal ions: crystal structure elucidation and biological applications
Authors: Mandal Jayanta , Pal Kunal , Ghosh Chowdhury Sougata , Karmakar Parimal , Panja Anangamohan , Banerjee Snehasis , Saha Amrita
Published: September 2022

Two rhodamine-azo based chemosensors have been synthesized for colorimetric and fluorometric detection of trivalent metal ions, Al3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+. Crystal structures of both free chemosensors and their Al3+ bound compounds are reported here.
Open metal site (OMS)-inspired investigation of adsorption and catalytic functions in a porous metal–organic framework (MOF)
Authors: Yadav Anand , Kumari Sarita , Yadav Preety , Hazra Arpan , Chakraborty Anindita , Kanoo Prakash
Published: September 2022

A Mn(ii) framework exhibits guest-specific adsorption of solvent vapours and was found to be a highly efficient catalyst for cyanosilylation of aromatic aldehydes.
The design of fluorescein–ferrocene derivatives as HOCl-triggered turn-on fluorescent probes and anticancer prodrugs
Authors: Wang Rui-qi , Zhou Tong , Li Aimin , Qu Jian , Zhang Xin , Zhu Xiang-feng , Jing Su
Published: September 2022

Fluorescein–ferrocene derivative FL-TEG-Fc designed as HOCl-activated theranostic probe with good selectivity and sensitivity, achieving bright FL imaging with strong cytotoxicity in AGS cells.
Spiers Memorial Lecture: Nanoalloys of multiple components; the road to advance the field and experimental and theoretical challenges
Authors: Lehr Alexander , Velázquez-Salazar J. Jesús , Montejano-Carrizales Juan Martin , Mejia-Rosales Sergio , Mendoza-Cruz Rubén , Bazan-Diaz Lourdes , Yacaman Miguel José
Published: September 2022

We look at nanoparticles with three or more metals and examine how they are stabilized by kinetic energy and the entropy of the system. The importance of twin boundaries in nanoalloys is discussed.
Research on a LIBS-based detection method of medium-and-low alloy steel hardness
Authors: Hu Jun , Yang Liang , Lin Tongzheng , Shi Hongyang , Qiao Peng , He Yong , Liu Yande
Published: September 2022

Objective: medium and low alloy steel have good mechanical properties and are widely used in the manufacture of key parts such as high-speed rail, automobiles, and aircrafts.
Transcriptomic analysis of 3D vasculature-on-a-chip reveals paracrine factors affecting vasculature growth and maturation
Authors: Tan Sin Yen , Jing Qiuyu , Leung Ziuwin , Xu Ying , Cheng Lily Kwan Wai , Tam Sindy Sing Ting , Wu Angela Ruohao
Published: September 2022

Transcriptomic studies of spatially arranged 3D vasculatures and fibroblasts revealed paracrine cues for improved vasculature growth.
Influence of microchannel geometry on device performance and electrophysiological recording fidelity during long-term studies of connected neural populations
Authors: Goshi Noah , Girardi Gregory , da Costa Souza Felipe , Gardner Alexander , Lein Pamela J. , Seker Erkin
Published: September 2022

This study examines the role of microchannel geometry on the long-term performance of compartmentalized microfluidic neural cell culture platforms and provides general design rules for different experimental objectives.
Influence of counterions on the formation of supramolecular platinum group metal complexes containing pyridyl thioamide derivatives: antioxidant and antimicrobial studies
Authors: Dkhar Lincoln , Gupta Hrishikesh , Poluri Krishna Mohan , Gannon Paige M. , Kaminsky Werner , Kollipara Mohan Rao
Published: September 2022

A series of half-sandwich metal thioamide derivative complexes exhibiting interesting coordination modes in the presence of counterions.
Hopping transport in perylene diimide based organic solar cells: a DFT approach
Authors: Bora Smiti Rani , Kalita Dhruba Jyoti
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a series of donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) type oligomers were investigated for their structural and electronic properties through density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent-DFT (TD-DFT) calculations.
A Tb3+ functionalized triazine-porous organic framework as a ratiometric fluorescent sensor for determination of ciprofloxacin in aquatic products
Authors: Lu Zhenyu , Li Gongke , Hu Yufei
Published: September 2022

A Tb3+ functionalized triazine-porous organic framework (Tb3+/TAPOF) was prepared by introducing Tb3+ into a triazine-porous organic framework through a coordination bond.
Steroidal saponins with cytotoxic activity from the stems and leaves of Paris fargesii
Authors: Yu Ling-Ling , Li Yan-Xi , Gao Wen-Tao , Ling Shan-Shan , Ni Wei , Ji Yun-Heng , Liu Hai-Yang
Published: September 2022

The stems and leaves of P. fargesii are rich in steroidal glycosides, some of which display significant cytotoxic activity.
Degradation of methyldiethanolamine and gas refinery effluent using a TiO2@WO3/ZnO photocatalyst: central composite design optimization
Authors: Taghizadeh-Lendeh Paymaneh , Sarrafi Amir Hossein Mohsen , Alihosseini Afshar , Bahri-Laleh Naeimeh
Published: September 2022

Synthesis of a composite with a low band gap for the degradation of MDEA under LED light and gas refinery effluent under sunlight.
Novel quadrilateral-pore 2D-COFs as visible-light driven catalysts evaluated by the descriptor of integrated pz-orbital population
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Zhi-Wei , Yang Zhao-Di , Bai Fu-Quan
Published: September 2022

Novel quadrilateral-pore 2D-COFs are capable of driving the HER spontaneously under visible-light irradiation, evaluated by a catalytic descriptor (integrated pz-orbital population).
Synthesis of ultrasmall metal nanoparticles and continuous shells at the liquid/liquid interface in Ouzo emulsions
Authors: Gazil Olivier , Virgilio Nick , Gauffre Fabienne
Published: September 2022

The interfacial reaction in a spontaneous Ouzo emulsion between an organometallic precursor and a reducing agent leads to the formation of ultrasmall metal nanoparticles (∼3 nm) and/or continuous shells (size tunable from 50 to 1000 nm).
One-pot synthesis of tri- and di-fluoromethylated bis(indolyl)methanols via Friedel–Crafts-type acylation and alkylation
Authors: Wu Xian-Tao , Ma Feng , Xiao En-Kai , Yin Jin , Sun Fuxing , Wang Qiang , Jiang Yi-Jun , Chen Peng
Published: September 2022

The first synthesis of tri- and di-fluoromethylated bis(indolyl)methanols through a one-pot Friedel–Crafts-type acylation–alkylation under metal-, additive-, toxic-solvent-, and protective-gas-free conditions.
Probing the self-assembly and anti-glioblastoma efficacy of a cinnamoyl-capped dipeptide hydrogelator
Authors: Sitsanidis E. D. , Kasapidou P. M. , Hiscock J. R. , Gubala V. , Castel H. , Popoola P. I. A. , Hall A. J. , Edwards A. A.
Published: September 2022

Dipeptide cinnamoyl-capped diphenylalanine self-assembles into a hydrogel with mechanical properties similar to normal nerve tissue and inherent cytotoxicity against glioblastoma cells.
Catalyst-free photo-reductions of aromatic olefins and carbonyl compounds
Authors: Wu Jieliang , Yan Boyu , Meng Jiangtao , Yang Enqin , Ye Xiushen , Yao Qiuli
Published: September 2022

A catalyst-free, traditional reductant-free strategy for the direct photo-induced hydrogenation or deuteration of aromatic olefins and carbonyl compounds was developed.
The formation of photodegradable nitrophenylene polymersviaring-opening metathesis polymerization
Authors: Koo Bonwoo , Kim Dopil , Song Da Yong , Han Woo Joo , Kim Dongwook , Park Jae Woo , Kim Min , Kim Cheoljae
Published: September 2022

A photodegradable nitrophenylene polymer was preparedviaring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The resulting polymer was degraded in the presence of UVA light without any chemical additives within 1 hour.
Tracking side reactions of the inverse vulcanization process and developing monomer selection guidelines
Authors: Onose Yusuke , Ito Yuri , Kuwabara Junpei , Kanbara Takaki
Published: September 2022

Various olefin monomers were inverse-vulcanized. The structural analysis and evaluation of the thermal stability of the products revealed that aliphatic internal olefins are suitable monomers for suppressing side reactions.
Achieving order of magnitude increases in CO2 reduction reaction efficiency by product separations and recycling
Authors: Sarswat Akriti , Sholl David S. , Lively Ryan P.
Published: September 2022

CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) systems are the heart of many proposed e-refinery schemes.
PON2 mediates mitochondrial dysfunction in tracheal epithelial cells in response to a quorum sensing molecule N-(-3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone
Authors: Whitt Aaron G. , Meng Shuhan , Jin Jiu-Zhen , Conroy Lindsey R. , McNally Lindsey A. , Burlison Joseph A. , Hill Bradford G. , Clem Brian F. , White Carl , Li Chi
Published: September 2022

The opportunistic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes the quorum-sensing molecule N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (C12) to co-ordinate gene expression profiles favorable for infection. Recent studies have demonstrated that high concentrations of C12 impair many aspects of host cell physiology, including mitochondrial function and cell viability. The cytotoxic effects of C12 are mediated by the lactonase enzyme, Paraoxonase 2 (PON2), which hydrolyzes C12 to a reactive metabolite. However, the influence of C12 on host cell physiology at concentrations observed in patients infected with P. aeruginosa is largely unknown. Since the primary site of P. aeruginosa infections is the mammalian airway, we sought to investigate how PON2 modulates the effects of C12 at subtoxic concentrations using immortalized murine tracheal epithelial cells (TECs) isolated from wild-type (WT) or PON2-knockout (PON2-KO) mice. Our data reveal that C12 at subtoxic concentrations disrupts mitochondrial bioenergetics to hinder cellular proliferation in TECs expressing PON2. Subtoxic concentrations of C12 disrupt normal mitochondrial network morphology in a PON2-dependent manner without affecting mitochondrial membrane potential. In contrast, higher concentrations of C12 depolarize mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequently trigger caspase signaling and apoptotic cell death. These findings demonstrate that different concentrations of C12 impact distinct aspects of host airway epithelial cell physiology through PON2 activity in mitochondria.
Transient surface charging of tri‐post insulator in SF6‐filled direct current gas‐insulated transmission lines: Effects of electric conductivity, gas pressure, and voltage amplitude
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Zhang Guangkuo , Cao Chen , Shi Yan , Lin Ying , Chang Wenzhi
Published: September 2022

The transient surface charging characteristics of a tri‐post insulator in a ± 500 kV direct current gas‐insulated transmission lines (DC‐GIL) filled with sulfur hexafluoride (SF)6 gas are investigated. An improved method is introduced to calculate the surface charge distribution with satisfactory efficiency and accuracy, which involves applying weak form partial differential equation (PDE), simplifying ion transport equation and geometric model. The influence of volume and surface conductivity, gas pressure, voltage amplitude on the transient surface charging is discussed with the method. The charge density shows non‐synchronously increasing pace in different regions. The transient surface charging shows non‐monotonic tendency in some regions. With increasing volume conductivity, the transient surface charging is accelerated obviously. With increasing surface conductivity, the charge density near the enclosure increases. With varying electric conductivity, the dominant conduction changes. Thus, the volume and surface conductivity should be concerned in the design of DC‐GIL tri‐post insulators. With increasing gas pressure, slight acceleration in surface charging is observed. The acceleration in charging with high voltage amplitude cannot be employed to improve the efficiency in measurement. The result indicates that the simulation of transient surface charging is beneficial in evaluating the insulating characteristics of tri‐post insulators with flexibility and reasonability.
A novel approach for securing data against adversary attacks in UAV embedded HetNet using identity based authentication scheme
Authors: Wani Aabid Rashid , Gupta Sachin Kumar , Khanam Zeba , Rashid Mamoon , Alshamrani Sultan S. , Baz Mohammed
Published: September 2022

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) integrated Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) is currently considered as one of the promising technologies. This technology helps in fulfilling high demands of bandwidth, volume, and range as per user needs. In this paper, the work is carried out by authors to assure high security for the users in such a network by incorporating an authentication‐based security known as Identity based Scheme (IBA). The IBA based implemented networks improve the confidentiality of data and the authenticity of the users. Privacy and reliability come through the entity's capacity to authenticate, sign and transact authenticated data without central directory interference. Therefore,the primary scope of this research project is to create an identity‐based authentication mechanism in HetNets that are assisted by UAVs and to secure communication against potential intruder threats. In this way, the security assurance is increased and dreadful intruder attacks are minimized. Moreover, in this research work, the implementing zones would be areas of defence for observation of a region to locate an enemy or as certain strategic features. The security rules are formulated in the coded language known as High Level Protocol Specification Language (HLPSL) and outcomes are verified through Automated Validation Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA).
Heart rate monitoring of physical fitness training load based on wavelet transform
Authors: Zhao Feng , Sharma Ashutosh , Samori Issah Abubakari
Published: September 2022

The detection of fluctuations is a crucial step in the process of isolating heart rate oscillation signals. This is necessary to circumvent the issue wherein a variety of auditory signals will invariably interfere with the collection of centre velocity signals during physical activity, which has a significant impact on the detection efficiency of automated testing. To obtain heart rate fluctuation signals that are more precise, the paper proposes a method of R‐wave identification that is based on heartbeat conversion while the athlete is exercising. The proposed model relies heavily on the technique of wave analysis to filter out the background noise of the heartbeat when the athlete exercises and isolates the R‐wave signal of the heartbeat from the background noise. The proposed algorithm is evaluated in terms of noise interference that removes approximately 90% of noise, the heart rate data which is obtained after the noise is normally distributed, the average detection rate of the R‐wave algorithm is 98.65%. It has been demonstrated that the detection accuracy of the proposed algorithm is sufficient to meet the requirements of generating heart rate oscillatory signals.
Improving the accuracy of estimators for the two-point correlation function
Authors: Kerscher Martin
Published: September 2022

Aims.We show how to increase the accuracy of estimates of the two-point correlation function without sacrificing efficiency.

Methods.We quantify the error of the pair-counts and of the Landy & Szalay estimator by comparing them with exact reference values. The standard method, using random point sets, is compared to geometrically motivated estimators and estimators using quasi-Monte Carlo integration.

Results.In the standard method, the error scales proportionally to 1/√Nr, withNrbeing the number of random points. In our improved methods, the error scales almost proportionally to 1/Nq, whereNqis the number of points from a low-discrepancy sequence. We study the run times of the new estimator in comparison to those of the standard estimator, keeping the same level of accuracy. For the considered case, we always see a speedup ranging from 50% up to a factor of several thousand. We also discuss how to apply these improved estimators to incompletely sampled galaxy catalogues.
Baryon acoustic oscillations from a joint analysis of the large-scale clustering in Fourier and configuration space
Authors: Dumerchat Tyann , Bautista Julian E.
Published: September 2022

Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) are a powerful probe of the expansion history of our Universe and are typically measured in the two-point statistics of a galaxy survey, either in Fourier space or in configuration space. In this work, we report a first measurement of BAOs from a joint fit of power spectrum and correlation function multipoles. We tested our new framework with a set of 1000 mock catalogs and showed that our method yields smaller biases on BAO parameters than individually fitting power spectra or correlation functions, or when combining them with the Gaussian approximation method. Our estimated uncertainties are slightly larger than those from the Gaussian approximation, likely due to noise in our sample covariance matrix, the larger number of nuisance parameters, or the fact that our new framework does not rely on the assumption of Gaussian likelihoods for the BAO parameters. However, we argue that our uncertainties are more reliable since they rely on fewer assumptions, and because our method takes correlations between Fourier and configuration space at the level of the two-point statistics. We performed a joint analysis of the luminous red galaxy sample of the extended baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey (eBOSS) data release 16, obtaining DH/rd = 19.27 ± 0.48 and DM/rd = 17.77 ± 0.37, in excellent agreement with the official eBOSS consensus BAO-only results DH/rd = 19.33 ± 0.53 and DM/rd = 17.86 ± 0.33.
A bubble size distribution model for the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Doussot Aristide , Semelin Benoît
Published: September 2022

Aims. The bubble size distribution is a summary statistics that can be computed from the observed 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization. As it depends only on the ionization field and is not limited to Gaussian information, it is an interesting probe that is complementary to the power spectrum of the full 21-cm signal. Devising a flexible and reliable theoretical model for the bubble size distribution paves the way for its use in astrophysical parameter inference.

Methods. The proposed model was built from the excursion set theory and a functional relation between the bubble volume and the collapsed mass in the bubble. Unlike previous models, it can accommodate any functional relation or distribution. The use of parameterized relations allows us to test the predictive power of the model by performing a minimization best-fit to the bubble size distribution obtained from a high-resolution, fully coupled radiative hydrodynamics simulation known as HIRRAH-21.

Results. Our model is able to provide a better fit to the numerical bubble size distribution at an ionization fraction of xH II ∼ 1% and 3%, as compared to other existing models. Moreover, we compare the relation between the bubble volume and the collapsed mass corresponding to the best-fit parameters, which is not an observable, to the numerical simulation data. A good match is obtained, confirming the possibility of inferring this relation from an observed bubble size distribution using our model. Finally, we present a simple algorithm that empirically implements the process of percolation. We show that it extends the usability of our bubble size distribution model up to xH II ∼ 30%.
Gaia–TESS synergy: improving the identification of transit candidates
Authors: Panahi Aviad , Mazeh Tsevi , Zucker Shay , Latham David W. , Collins Karen A. , Rimoldini Lorenzo , Evans Dafydd Wyn , Eyer Laurent
Published: September 2022

Context. The TESS team periodically issues a new list of transiting exoplanet candidates based on the analysis of the accumulating light curves obtained by the satellite. The list includes the estimated epochs, periods, and durations of the potential transits. As the point spread function (PSF) of TESS is relatively wide, follow-up photometric observations at higher spatial resolution are required in order to exclude apparent transits that are actually blended background eclipsing binaries (BEBs).

Aims. The Gaia space mission, with its growing database of epoch photometry and high angular resolution, enables the production of distinct light curves for all sources included in the TESS PSF, up to the limiting magnitude of Gaia. This paper reports the results of an ongoing Gaia-TESS collaboration that uses the Gaia photometry to facilitate the identification of BEB candidates and even to confirm on-target candidates in some cases.

Methods. We inspected the Gaia photometry of the individual sources included in the TESS PSF, searching for periodic dimming events compatible with their ephemerides and uncertainties, as published by TESS. The performance of the search depends mainly on the number of Gaia measurements during transit and their precision.

Results. Since February 2021, the collaboration has been able to confirm 126 on-target candidates and exclude 124 as BEBs. Since June 2021, when our search methodology matured, we have been able to identify on the order of 5% as on-target candidates and another 5% as BEBs.

Conclusions. This synergistic approach is combining the complementary capabilities of two of the astronomical space missions of NASA and ESA. It serves to optimize the process of detecting new planets by making better use of the resources of the astronomical community.
Quantum games - a way to shed light on quantum mechanics
Authors: Foti Caterina , Borrelli Elsi-Mari , Cavalcanti Daniel , Maniscalco Rosario , Sokolov Boris , Maniscalco Sabrina
Published: September 2022

Today the term ‘quantum’ is often encountered in the media, not only in connection with scientific research and technology, but also in combination with almost anything that may come to mind. You can find quantum chocolate, the quantum car, soap, love, the mind, the soul, etc. This reflects, on one hand, how the notion of quantum physics is somehow associated to efficiency and technological power, but also how the counterintuitive behaviour of quantum mechanics remains elusive to most people. As we are entering an era of quantum technologies, it is essential to shed some light on the basic principles of quantum physics. Games can provide a versatile and fun way to immerse people from all backgrounds to the counterintuitive rules of the quantum world.
Convergence results of a heterogeneous asynchronous newmark time integrators
Authors: Zafati Eliass
Published: September 2022

This paper is concerned with the convergence analysis of the PH heterogeneous asynchronous time integrators algorithm, proposed by Prakash and Hjelmstad [Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 61 (2004) 2183–2204], and devoted to transient dynamic problems for structural analysis. According to PH method, the time discretization is performed using the well-known Newmark schemes, where the time step ratio, i.e., the ratio of the macro time step to the micro time step, of two subdomains separated by an interface is a positive integer. The analysis is restricted to linear problems with two subdomains for simplification. We show that L∞-uniform convergence of the approximated solutions is achieved taking into account damping terms and suitable regularities on load terms. We shall also give some error estimates of the method.
CBP/p300 bromodomain: new promising epigenetic target
Authors: Xiang Qiuping , Zhou Yang , Zhang Yan , Xu Yong
Published: September 2022

CREB (cAMP responsive element binding protein) binding protein (CBP) and adenovirus E1A-associated 300 kDa protein (p300) are histone acetyltransferases, which are necessary for multiple cellular processes. Thus, CBP/p300 are promising potential antitumor targets. To date, despite various small molecule inhibitors of CBP/p300 bromodomain (BRD) having been reported, no specific inhibitor was approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In this review, we described the discovery, optimization, binding mode evaluation, selectivity and potency evaluation, and therapeutic opportunities of our CBP/p300 bromodomain inhibitors, aiming to inspire new inhibitor design and advance drug discovery research in this field. One video presents the development of CBP/p300 bromodomain inhibitors.
Endo-Praxis
Authors: Beilenhoff Ulrike
Published: September 2022

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

Der Herbst steht vor der Tür und die Corona-Krise bestimmt auch weiterhin
unseren Alltag, auch wenn Feste wieder möglich sind und die Maskenpflicht
nur noch in Gesundheitseinrichtungen und im öffentlichen Verkehr besteht.
Wegen der steigenden Infektionen leiden viele Endoskopieabteilungen an
Personalmangel und arbeiten auch weiterhin unter verschärften
Arbeitsbedingungen. Die Situation bleibt weiterhin fragil und alle schauen mit etwas
Skepsis in den Herbst und Winter.
Digitale Möglichkeiten in der physiotherapeutischen Dokumentation
Authors: Griefahn Annika , Peters Oliver
Published: September 2022

An der digitalen Dokumentation in der Physiotherapie führt auf Dauer kein Weg vorbei. Sie bietet Vorteile, zum Beispiel bzgl. der Diskussion über Blankoverordnung oder First Contact. Doch welche Anforderungen sollte eine geeignete Software haben? Die verschiedenen Systeme weisen aktuell unterschiedlichste Funktionen auf. Klar ist, dass bei der zukünftigen Entwicklung von Software vor allem ein nutzerzentrierter Ansatz sinnvoll ist.
Improvements in Efficiency and Selectivity for C–F Bond Halogen-Exchange Reactions by Using Boron Reagents
Authors: Ćorković Andrej , Dorian Andreas , Williams Florence J.
Published: September 2022

The use of boron Lewis acids as instigators of bond cleavage offers a number of synthetic possibilities. A unique feature of this class of reagents is the ability to functionalize otherwise inert C–F bonds. We summarize notable developments in C–F bond halogen exchange using Lewis acidic boron reagents and we conclude by featuring our group’s advances in activating CF3 groups by using boron trihalides.

1 Introduction

2 Boron-Mediated Halogen Exchange

3 Mono-Selective C–F Activation

4 Conclusions
Trial of Therapy on Trial: Inconsistent Thresholds for Discussing Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Therapies in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Meadow Jacqueline , Arzu Jennifer , Rychlik Karen , Henner Natalia
Published: September 2022

Objective This study aimed to establish the degree of variability in thresholds for discussing withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies (WLST) in periviable infants among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) personnel.

Study Design A vignette-style survey was administered to NICU personnel at two urban NICUs assessing likelihood of discussing WLST or support for discussing WLST (on a scale from 1, not at all likely/supportive to 10, extremely likely/supportive) in 10 clinical scenarios.

Results Response rates ranged by clinical role from 26 to 89%. Participant responses ranged from 1 to 10 in 5 out of 10 vignettes for NICU attendings, and 9 out of 10 vignettes for bedside nurses. Lower gestational age (22–23 vs. 24–25 weeks) was associated with increased likelihood to discuss WLST in some but not all scenarios.

Conclusion NICU personnel have widely variable criteria for discussing WLST which threatens the informed consent process surrounding resuscitation decisions in a “trial of therapy” framework.

Key Points
FATE: The Effect of Fetal Antenatal Testing Education on Patient Knowledge and Satisfaction
Authors: Cai Fei , Hamm Rebecca F. , Schwartz Nadav
Published: September 2022

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a physician-created educational infographic on the knowledge and attitudes of patients undergoing antenatal fetal surveillance.

Study Design This single-center prospective cohort study evaluated the impact of implementing an electronic educational infographic about antenatal fetal surveillance. English-speaking women receiving antenatal surveillance between the ages of 18 to 50 years were approached for inclusion. The preimplementation group enrolled women receiving antenatal surveillance between March 8, 2021, and April 2, 2021, who received usual care. Postimplementation, from April 5 to May 6, 2021, patients at our site received the infographic about antenatal fetal surveillance at their first antenatal testing appointment. Both pre- and postimplementation groups received a 5-question multiple-choice knowledge and 12-question attitude survey between 320/7 to 336/7 weeks at baseline (prior to receipt of infographic in postimplementation group) and again between 350/7 to 366/7 weeks. Patients were included in the analysis only if they completed both surveys. Differences from initial to final survey were compared between groups.

Results Of 106 patients who completed the initial survey, 74 (69.8%) participants finished both surveys (preimplementation = 39 and postimplementation = 35). There were no significant differences in demographics between the two groups, including in baseline knowledge (p = 0.58) or attitude tests (p = 0.57). There was no significant difference in knowledge on final surveys between groups (p = 0.79). However, utilization of the infographic was associated with a significant increase in attitude survey score from initial to final survey in the postimplementation group as compared with usual care (median difference: pre = 0, interquartile rang [IQR]: [−1 to +4] vs. post = +3, IQR: [+1 to +6], p = 0.016).

Conclusion A physician-created infographic on antepartum fetal testing was associated with overall improved patient attitude toward fetal testing, showing that small education interventions can increase patient satisfaction with care.

Key Points
Automated Identification of Clinical Procedures in Free-Text Electronic Clinical Records with a Low-Code Named Entity Recognition Workflow
Authors: Macri Carmelo , Teoh Ian , Bacchi Stephen , Sun Michelle , Selva Dinesh , Casson Robert , Chan WengOnn
Published: September 2022

Background Clinical procedures are often performed in outpatient clinics without prior scheduling at the administrative level, and documentation of the procedure often occurs solely in free-text clinical electronic notes. Natural language processing (NLP), particularly named entity recognition (NER), may provide a solution to extracting procedure data from free-text electronic notes.

Methods Free-text notes from outpatient ophthalmology visits were collected from the electronic clinical records at a single institution over 3 months. The Prodigy low-code annotation tool was used to create an annotation dataset and train a custom NER model for clinical procedures. Clinical procedures were extracted from the entire set of clinical notes.

Results There were a total of 5,098 clinic notes extracted for the study period; 1,923 clinic notes were used to build the NER model, which included a total of 231 manual annotations. The NER model achieved an F-score of 0.767, a precision of 0.810, and a recall of 0.729. The most common procedures performed included intravitreal injections of therapeutic substances, removal of corneal foreign bodies, and epithelial debridement of corneal ulcers.

Conclusion The use of a low-code annotation software tool allows the rapid creation of a custom annotation dataset to train a NER model to identify clinical procedures stored in free-text electronic clinical notes. This enables clinicians to rapidly gather previously unidentified procedural data for quality improvement and auditing purposes. Low-code annotation tools may reduce time and coding barriers to clinician participation in NLP research.
Stochastic quantization of Yang–Mills
Authors: Chevyrev Ilya
Published: September 2022

We review two works [Chandra et al., Publ. Math. l’IHÉS (published online, 2022) and Chandra et al., arXiv:2201.03487 (2022)] that study the stochastic quantization equations of Yang–Mills on two- and three-dimensional Euclidean space with finite volume. The main result of these works is that one can renormalize the 2D and 3D stochastic Yang–Mills heat flow so that the dynamic becomes gauge covariant in law. Furthermore, there is a state space of distributional 1-forms S to which gauge equivalence approximately extends and such that the renormalized stochastic Yang–Mills heat flow projects to a Markov process on the quotient space of gauge orbits S/∼. In this Review, we give unified statements of the main results of these works, highlight differences in the methods, and point out a number of open problems.