bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous versus staged approach in transcatheter aortic valve implantation for severe stenosis and endovascular aortic repair for thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Gallitto Enrico , Spath Paolo , Faggioli Gian Luca , Saia Francesco , Palmerini Tullio , Piazza Michele , D’Oria Mario , Simonte Gioele , Cappiello Antonio , Isernia Giacomo , Gelpi Guido , Rizza Antonio , Piffaretti Gabriele , Gargiulo Mauro ,   the Italian Multicenter T/EVAR + TAVI Study’s Group, Antonello M , Bellosta R , Berti S , Bramucci A , Cappiello A , Cecere F , Di Marzo L , D’Oria M , Faggioli G L , Freyrie A , Gallitto E , Gargiulo M , Gelpi G , Gennai S , Isernia G , Lepidi S , Lodato M , Marrozzini C , Palmerini T , Pratesi G , Piazza M , Mansour W , Mezzetto L , Piffaretti G , Rizza A , Saia F , Silingardi R , Simonte G , Squizzato F , Spath P , Tinelli G , Tozzi M , Trimarchi S , Veraldi G F
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES

Thoracic/abdominal aortic aneurysms and aortic stenosis may be concomitant diseases requiring both transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and endovascular aneurysm repair (T/EVAR) in high-risk patients for surgical approaches, but temporal management is not clearly defined yet. The aim of the study was to analyse outcomes of simultaneous versus staged TAVI and T/EVAR.

METHODS

Retrospective observational multicentre study was performed on patients requiring TAVI and T/EVAR from 2016 to 2022. Patients were divided into 2 groups: ‘Simultaneous group’ if T/EVAR + TAVI were performed in the same procedure and ‘Staged group’ if T/EVAR and TAVI were performed in 2 steps, but within 3 months. Primary outcomes were technical success, 30-day mortality/major adverse events and follow-up survival. Secondary outcomes were procedural metrics and length of stay.

RESULTS

Forty-four cases were collected; 8 (18%) had T/EVAR and 36 (82%) had EVAR, respectively. Upon temporal determination, 25 (57%) and 19 (43%) were clustered in Simultaneous and Staged groups, respectively. In Staged group, median time between procedures was 72 (interquartile range—IQR: 57–87) days. Preoperative and intraoperative figures were similar. There was no difference in 30-day mortality (Simultaneous: 0/25 versus Staged: 1/19; P = 0.43). Pulmonary events (Simultaneous: 0/25 versus Staged: 5/19; P = 0.01) and need of postoperative cardiac pacemaker (Simultaneous: 2/25 versus Staged: 7/19; P = 0.02) were more frequent in Staged patients. The overall length of stay was lower in the Simultaneous group [Simultaneous: 7 (IQR: 6–8) versus Staged: 19 (IQR: 15–23) days; P = 0.001]. The median follow-up was 25 (IQR: 8–42) months and estimated 3-year survival was 73% with no difference between groups (Simultaneous: 82% versus Staged: 74%; P = 0.90).

CONCLUSIONS

Both Simultaneous or Staged T/EVAR and TAVI procedures are effective with satisfactory outcomes. Despite the small numbers, simultaneous repair seems to reduce length of stay and pulmonary complications, maintaining similar follow-up survival.
Whole-genome-based taxonomy as the most accurate approach to identify Flavobacterium species
Authors: Gélinas Vincent , Paquet Valérie E , Paquet Maude F , Vincent Antony T , Charette Steve J
Published: October 2024

The genus Flavobacterium comprises a diversity of species, including fish pathogens. Multiple techniques have been used to identify isolates of this genus, such as phenotyping, polymerase chain reaction genotyping, and in silico whole-genome taxonomy. In this study, we demonstrate that whole-genome-based taxonomy, using average nucleotide identity and molecular phylogeny, is the most accurate approach for Flavobacterium species. We obtained various isolated strains from official collections; these strains had been previously characterized by a third party using various identification methodologies. We analyzed isolates by PCR genotyping using previously published primers targeting gyrB and gyrA genes, which are supposedly specific to the genus Flavobacterium and Flavobacterium psychrophilum, respectively. After genomic analysis, nearly half of the isolates had their identities re-evaluated: around a quarter of them were re-assigned to other genera and two isolates are new species of flavobacteria. In retrospect, the phenotyping method was the least accurate. While gyrB genotyping was accurate with the isolates included in this study, bioinformatics analysis suggests that only 70% of the Flavobacterium species could be appropriately identified using this approach. We propose that whole-genome taxonomy should be used for accurate Flavobacterium identification, and we encourage bacterial collections to review the identification of isolates identified by phenotyping.
Enhancing CRISPR-Cas-based gene targeting in tomato using a dominant-negative ku80
Authors: Vu Tien Van , Nguyen Ngan Thi , Kim Jihae , Vu Minh Huy , Song Young Jong , Tran Mil Thi , Sung Yeon Woo , Kim Jae-Yean
Published: October 2024

The CRISPR-Cas-based gene targeting (GT) method has enabled precise modifications of genomic DNA ranging from single base to several kilobase scales through homologous recombination (HR). In plant somatic cells, canonical non-homologous end-joining (cNHEJ) is the predominant mechanism for repairing double-stranded breaks (DSBs), thus limiting the HR-mediated GT. In this study, we implemented an approach to shift the repair pathway preference toward HR by using a dominant-negative ku80 mutant protein (KUDN) to disrupt the initiation of cNHEJ. The employment of KUDN conferred a 1.71- to 3.55-fold improvement in GT efficiency at the callus stage. When we screened transformants, there was a more remarkable increase in GT efficiency, ranging from 1.62- to 9.84-fold, at two specific tomato loci, SlHKT1;2 and SlEPSPS1. With practical levels of efficiency, this enhanced KUDN-based GT tool successfully facilitated a 9-bp addition at an additional locus, SlCAB13. These findings provide another promising method for more efficient and precise plant breeding.
Preparation of Material for Compiling an English–Slovene Dictionary of Criminal Justice and Security Collocations
Authors: Lukančič Mojca Kompara
Published: October 2024

This article presents the preparation of material for compiling an English–Slovene dictionary of criminal justice and security collocations. It presents the process of collecting and preparing material; specifically, software selection, corpus preparation, collocation extraction, and translation into Slovene. These activities were performed by students at the University of Maribor’s Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security as part of the course English Terminology. It defines the concepts of language for specific purposes (LSP) and presents the field and subfields of criminal justice and security, and gives an overview of the definitions of collocations. The article outlines the need to prepare a collocation dictionary by exploring the inclusion of collocations in dictionaries. The characteristics of possible dictionary entries are outlined based on material collected and prepared by the students. This is followed by the presentation of some examples of collocation entries from dictionaries.
Review: Current Laboratory and Point-of-Care Pharyngitis Diagnostic Testing and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Boyanton Bobby L , Caldwell Jane M , Ledeboer Nathan A
Published: October 2024

Pharyngitis is an inflammatory condition of the pharynx and/or tonsils commonly seen in both children and adults. Viruses and bacteria represent the most common encountered etiologic agents—yeast/fungi and parasites are infrequently implicated. Some of these are predominantly observed in unique populations (eg, immunocompromised or unvaccinated individuals). This manuscript (part 2 of 3) summarizes the current state of laboratory and point-of-care diagnostic testing and highlights the expanding role of nucleic acid amplification in the expedited diagnosis and management of patients with acute pharyngitis. It discusses preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical variables that impact the performance of culture, rapid antigen, and nucleic acid amplification testing. Finally, it sets the stage for part 3, which discusses the emerging role of biomarkers in the management of individuals with acute pharyngitis.
An Expression Quantitative Trait Locus of Fc Gamma Receptor Genes Is Associated With Antimalarial IgG Responses and Infection Levels in Burkinabe Families
Authors: Dieppois Christelle , Adjemout Mathieu , Cretin Jules , Gallardo Frederic , Torres Magali , Picard Christophe , Sawadogo Serge Aimé , Rihet Pascal , Paul Pascale
Published: October 2024

Background

The interaction between antibodies and Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) plays a critical role in regulating immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum. Polymorphisms in genes encoding FcγRs influence the host's capacity to control parasite infection. This study investigates whether noncoding variants influencing FcγR expression are associated with antimalarial immunization and infection traits.

Methods

We utilized eQTL databases and functional annotations to identify noncoding variants, specifically rs1771575, rs2099684, and rs6700241, within the FCGR gene cluster. In addition, we examined the coding variants rs1801274 (p.His167Arg) and rs1050501 (p.Ile231Thr), which affect the affinity of FcγRIIa and FcγRIIb for IgG. These variants were genotyped in 163 individuals from Burkinabe families. Family-based linear mixed regression and Quantitative Transmission Disequilibrium Tests (QTDT) analyses were performed to assess associations with IgG levels and malaria infection, accounting for relevant covariates.

Results

Linear mixed models identified rs1771575 as associated with total IgG levels, while both rs1771575 and rs1801274 were linked to IgG2, and rs1050501 to IgG1 levels. A haplotype combining rs2099684 and rs6700241 was positively associated with IgG1. The rs1771575-CC and rs1050501-TT genotypes correlated with higher infection levels in children. QTDT models confirmed the association of rs1771575 with IgG2 and infection in children.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the intergenic variant rs1771575 serves as an independent marker for IgG levels and blood infection in children. This highlights the interplay between regulatory variants and coding mutations in FCGR, which may influence immune function and antibody production. These results underscore the potential for personalized strategies to monitor humoral responses in malaria-endemic regions.
Whole-genome assembly and annotation of the firecracker penstemon (Penstemon eatonii)
Authors: Jarvis David E , Stevens Mikel R , Carter Payton , Lin Ying Fei , Jaggi Kate E , Jijon Gabriela , Kalt Teal , Calixto Jouber , Standring Samantha , Torres Kaitlin , Stephensen Kayla B , Mangelson Hayley , Williams Noah H , Wessinger Carolyn A , Maughan Peter J , Frandsen Paul B
Published: October 2024

The penstemons are ornamental annual flowering plants native to the Intermountain West and Rocky Mountains and commonly used for urban landscaping. Elite commercial penstemons are generally susceptible to abiotic stresses, including drought, root rot, cold, and high salinity. Firecracker penstemon (Penstemon eatonii), however, is much more tolerant to these stresses than most elite cultivars. Importantly, firecracker penstemon has been reported to hybridize with many other penstemons and therefore provides the opportunity to develop more tolerant elite cultivars through strategic crossing. To facilitate the study and utilization of firecracker penstemon, we sequenced and annotated the genome of a P. eatonii accession collected from Utah, United States. We also performed low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of 26 additional accessions from three different varieties of P. eatonii. This chromosome-scale genome assembly is the most contiguous and complete Penstemon genome sequenced to date.
01 Vaping, mental and physical health in adolescents in a COMPASS-Quebec cohort
Authors: Payette Audrey , Bélanger Richard E , Turcotte-Tremblay Anne-Marie , Gansaonre Rabi Joel , Leatherdale Scott , Haddad Slim
Published: October 2024

Background

Better knowledge of the association between vaping and youth’s health would help raise awareness among adolescents, parents, professionals and decision-makers on the likely threat it represents.

Objectives

Our objective is to examine the association between vaping, its frequency, and adolescent health.

Design/Methods

This observational study is based on data from the 2022-23 survey round of COMPASS-Quebec school cohorts through self-reported measures. It includes 45,203 respondents aged from 12 to 18 years old from 99 schools of Eastern Quebec. A four-modality variable depicts the vaping frequency in the last twelve months (abstinence, < once/month, ≥ once/month, ≥ once/week, daily). The measurement of health states is based on 5 dichotomous indicators: (i) good vs poor physical health (excellent, very good, good, vs fair, poor), (ii) maximum oxygen consumption considered at risk for health vs not (estimated VO2max, calculated using Léger’s equation); (iii) good vs poor mental health (excellent, very good, good, vs fair, poor); (iv) the presence vs absence of moderate to severe anxiety (GAD7, score ≥10/30) and; (v) the presence vs absence of significant depressive symptoms (CESD-R, score ≥10/21). Sex, age and family material deprivation level are taken into account as confounding factors.

Results

The proportion of adolescents who have vaped in the last 12 months is 26.8%. After adjustment, daily vaping is associated with poor physical health, a VO2max considered at risk for health, poor mental health, moderate to severe anxiety and significant depressive symptoms, compared to abstinence (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 2,46 [95%CI: 2,05-2,88]; 1,66 [95%CI: 1,44-1,89]; 1,88 [95%CI: 1,66-2,11]; 1,75 [95%CI: 1,53-1,97]; 1,55 [95%CI: 1,40-1,70]). A gradient in the associations between vaping frequency and lower mental health indicators has been observed. Adolescents who have vaped <once/month, ≥once/month, ≥once/week and daily have more risk of presenting moderate to severe anxiety (aRR 1,21 [95%CI: 1,09-1,33]; 1,44 [95%CI: 1,27-1,61]; 1,54 [95%CI: 1,37-1,72]; 1,75 [95%CI: 1,53-1,97]). Regarding significant depressive symptoms, aRR are 1,23 [95%CI: 1,14-1,32], 1,39 [95%CI: 1,27-1,51], 1,49 [95%CI: 1,36-1,62], 1,55 [95%CI: 1,40-1,70]. Regarding poor mental health, aRR are 1,29 [95%CI: 1,17-1,42], 1,61 [95%CI : 1,43-1,79], 1,63 [95%CI : 1,45-1,81], 1,88 [95%CI: 1,66-2,11].

Conclusion

This study suggests a consistent association between health, both physical and mental, and use of electronic cigarettes in adolescents. Longitudinal studies would help clarify possible causal influence of vaping on youth's health.
29 A call for action - The lived experiences of caregivers of children diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder during assessment and following diagnosis
Authors: Mahal Mandeep , Salh Gurpreet , Sohi Gurpreet , Wang Elsie , Oberlander Tim , Hutchison Sarah , Boerner Katelynn
Published: October 2024

Background

Individuals diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) have a heterogeneous range of neurodevelopmental impairments with lifelong impacts on functioning. In Canada, a FASD diagnosis is made through a multidisciplinary team assessment, using the 2015 Canadian FASD Diagnostic Guidelines. Studies show that early diagnosis and intervention reduces secondary FASD related disabilities and improves outcomes in adulthood. However, little has been published about accessibility of services and intervention for children diagnosed with FASD in Canada.

Objectives

The current study explores the lived experiences of caregivers in (1) undergoing a diagnostic assessment for FASD and (2) obtaining services and interventions for their child in the first two years following diagnosis. Using a qualitative approach, the study aimed to identify strengths and gaps in the system with respect to supporting Canadian children with FASD and their families.

Design/Methods

Seventy one (71) children were diagnosed with FASD/At Risk for FASD over a one year period at a tertiary Developmental Assessment Center in Canada. Through non-random convenience sampling, 18 caregivers (the child’s legal guardians: 1 biological parent, 9 adoptive parents, 6 family guardians and 2 social workers) consented to participate in semi-structured interviews. Interviews explored caregiver experiences with the FASD diagnostic process as well as access to supports and intervention services after diagnosis. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

The following overarching themes were identified: (1) The journey of raising a child with FASD is overwhelming for caregivers; (2) The assessment process was both affirming and disheartening for caregivers; (3) There are significant, multi-level, systemic barriers to accessing supports for children with FASD, and their caregivers; (4) Equity deserving caregivers and their children are particularly vulnerable to falling through the cracks of the medical, educational, and social systems. Within each theme, subthemes further highlight protective factors and specific gaps in the system in supporting children and their families with respect to early intervention, educational/vocational, community and family support.

Conclusion

Children newly diagnosed with FASD are falling through the cracks of our healthcare system. There are clear disparities in the accessibility of intervention and support for children with developmental differences, even with a diagnosis. Wrap around support is needed for children with FASD and their families, as soon as functional impairments are recognized. A formal funding and support system, based on function, is essential for all children with developmental differences - including children with FASD.
35 Discriminating bacteremia from contaminants among children with a preliminary positive blood culture in the emergency department
Authors: Gravel Jocelyn , Grandjean-Blanchet Charlotte , Loghin Alino Demean , Noyon Brandon , Ostrow Olivia , Vallières Émilie
Published: October 2024

Background

Children with preliminary positive blood cultures in the emergency department (ED) often prompt urgent actions due to the risk of bacteremia. Distinguishing true bacteremia from contaminated cultures is crucial to safely prevent unnecessary, potentially harmful interventions.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess a peer institution algorithm for discriminating bacteremia from contaminants in discharged ED patients, and to identify variables associated with bacteremia in children with positive blood cultures.

Design/Methods

This was a retrospective study of all children with positive blood cultures from a tertiary care, paediatric ED between 2018 and 2022. The primary outcome was true bacteremia as defined using a two-step standardized approach based on the bacteria involved and the clinical outcome assessed by two reviewers for each case. The independent variables assessed were demographic data (age and sex), presence of underlying disease, initial blood tests (CBC, CRP), Gram stain, time for positivity (in hours), presence of alternative diagnosis, fever at phone follow-up. The association between independent variables and outcome was measured using logistic regression. It was estimated that a sample of 500 participants would yield at least 200 true bacteremias and allow the evaluation of 20 risk factors.

Results

574 participants; 286 (49.8%) with bacteremia and 288 (50.2%) with contaminants were included. Utilizing the algorithm, 364 children (63%) were classified as high risk of true bacteremia, 178 (31%) as medium risk, and 32 (6%) as low risk. Corresponding bacteremia probabilities were 62%, 34%, and 0%, yielding 100% sensitivity (95% CI: 94-100%) and 11% specificity (95% CI:7.7-15%). A sub-analysis restricted to the 165 patients who were initially discharged classified 104 (63.0%) children at high risk, 35 (32.1%) at medium risk and 26 (15.7%) at low risk with proportions of bacteremia of 53.8%, 11.4% and 0 % respectively. The most significant predictors of bacteremia included suspicion of osteoarticular infection (OR: 40.4), presence of internal hardware (OR: 24.6), presence of Gram negative bacteria or Gram positive cocci in chains/pairs (OR: 25.4), and positivity within 19 hours (OR: 3.72).

Conclusion

While half of the positive blood cultures in our paediatric ED are contaminants, multiple risk factors of true bacteremia were identified. A peer institution algorithm is 100% sensitive to detect discharged patients with bacteremia, it demonstrated low specificity in our population. Multiple improvements opportunities are identified.
65 Neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia: A tale of three cities in Canada West
Authors: Kowalczyk Alexandra , Balay Celine , Nguyen Bao-Nghi , Elsharkawy Adel , Hamilton Claire , McKanna Julie , Kuan Mimi , Wong Jonathan , Ting Joseph
Published: October 2024

Background

Preterm infants are at increased risk for acquired infections related to invasive devices such as endotracheal tubes (ETT). Wide heterogeneity exists in diagnostic criteria and management of ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAP), which have not been validated in the neonatal population.

Objectives

To determine the demographic characteristics and prevalence of VAP according to three different existing criteria used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Design/Methods

In this retrospective study, we included infants born at <33 weeks gestational age from 3 different NICUs in western Canada, who have been diagnosed with VAP during 2018 – 2022. Infants were diagnosed per three diagnostic criteria: (1) Diagnosed per physician diagnoses (mechanically ventilated infants with stability or improvement ≥48 hours and deterioration at the physician’s discretion); (2) VAP diagnostic consensus adopted by some Canadian NICUs (Canadian criteria) (including escalation in respiratory support such as increase in FiO2 by minimum 0.25, increase in MAP by minimum 4 or change in ventilation mode); and (3) Criteria of a paediatric ventilator-associated condition (PVAC) with a positive respiratory diagnostic test (PVAC criteria) (including escalation in respiratory support such as increase in FiO2 by minimum 0.1, increase in MAP by minimum 2 or change in ventilation mode).

Results

There were 185 neonates diagnosed to have VAP at physicians’ discretion during the study period, with incidences of 4.6%, 8.9%, and 5.7% in the three NICUs. They had a median GA of 25 weeks, a median birth weight of 748-849 grams, and a median onset of VAP ranging from 16-31 days. Among the VAP per physicians’ diagnoses, 18.2-55.0% of infants fulfilled the VAP criteria of Canadian consensus, and 10.9-12.5% of them fulfilled the PVAC criteria with a positive respiratory diagnostic test. The demographic distribution showed similar patterns across the three criteria. Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Klebsiella species, and oral flora were found to be the most common organisms yielded from ETT aspirate cultures.

Conclusion

We found that 4.6-8.9% of infants born at <33 weeks GA had VAP diagnosed during their NICU stay. Only around one-ninth of infants fulfilled the PVAC criteria with a positive respiratory diagnostic test. Therefore, there is an urgency to develop neonatal-specific and validated diagnostic criteria for VAP.
66 Survival and school-age outcomes of extremely premature neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: Kilmartin Keira C , Tsampalieros Anne , Barrowman Nicholas , Nair Asha , Feberova Jana
Published: October 2024

Background

Extremely low gestational age (ELGA) neonates are at risk for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI). There is no clear consensus on the prognosis of these conditions.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the survival, and the neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDO) at school-age for neonates with IVH and/or PVHI, to those without.

Design/Methods

This retrospective single-center study (2012-2017) included neonates less than 26 weeks gestational age (GA) who received resuscitation and early intensive care. Imaging data were collected from cranial US for the presence of IVH described by Papile grading. Survival was defined as survival to discharge. NDO were classified as no neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), no NDI with multidisciplinary referrals, and the adverse outcome was defined as NDI at school-age. NDI included any diagnosis of cerebral palsy, global developmental delay, intellectual disability, visual or hearing impairment. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was included as an outcome of interest.

Results

164 infants met inclusion criteria, of whom 156 survived resuscitation. Mean GA was 24 weeks and 6 days (SD 6 days) and mean birth weight 701g (SD 125g), grade I-II IVH was present in 43 (28%) infants, and grade III-IV IVH was present in 48 (31%) infants. Survival was 45% for those with bilateral grade III-IV IVH, 53% for unilateral grade III-IV IVH, 78% for bilateral grade I-II IVH, 80% for unilateral grade I-II IVH, and 81% for no IVH groups. 108 infants survived to discharge and 90 had complete follow up at school age. 30% of children had NDI and ASD was diagnosed in 12%. Logistic regression for adverse outcome demonstrated an adjusted odds-ratio (OR) 0.30 (95% CI 0.14, 0.56) for gestational age (p <0.001). The logistic regression resulted in adjusted OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.21, 2.37) for grade I-II IVH and OR 1.43 (95% CI 0.4, 5.03) for Grade III-IV IVH (p=0.63).

Conclusion

In neonates born ELGA, survival decreased with increasing severity of IVH. Decreasing GA, but not severity of IVH, was predictive of neurodevelopmental impairment. Extremely preterm infants born < 26 weeks are at high risk of NDI and of ASD.
78 Supporting rural paediatricians in British Columbia: Could a rural paediatrics clinical network make a difference?
Authors: van Warmerdam Jacqui , Miller Kirsten , Retallack Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Background

British Columbia (BC) is a geographically expansive province with an uneven distribution of population and resources. The number of paediatricians in rural communities is small and they face a unique reality compared to their urban counterparts. In 2020, a clinical network (Sustaining Pediatrics in Rural and Underserved Communities – SPRUCe) was introduced to provide support and connection for rural paediatricians in BC.

Objectives

The rural paediatricians were surveyed shortly after the launch of the network, in June 2021, and again in July 2023 in order to evaluate the impact of the network.

Design/Methods

In British Columbia, communities are designated as rural through the Rural Practice Subsidiary Agreement (RSA). In 2021, there were 12 RSA communities served by 32 paediatricians, while in 2023 there were 14 RSA communities served by 38 paediatricians. Surveys were sent to paediatricians in RSA communities for whom the study coordinators had email contacts in the spring of 2021 and in the summer of 2023. Anonymized survey results were collected, tabulated and compared.

Results

In 2021, surveys were sent to 28 paediatricians with a 96% response rate, while in 2023 surveys were sent to 36 paediatricians with a 69% response rate. Comparing the responses, in 2023 a lower proportion of respondents endorsed being concerned about recruitment (81% in 2021 and 68% in 2023). Similarly, a lower proportion disagreed that effective strategies were in place for paediatrician recruitment to their communities (62% in 2021 and 40% in 2023). In 2023, a higher proportion of respondents agreed that they had methods to engage and interact with other rural paediatricians across the province (30% in 2021 and 52% in 2023). Unfortunately, no improvements were noted in the proportion of respondents who endorsed workload challenges, feelings of burnout or limitations in their ability to secure locum coverage. Rural paediatrician involvement medical learner education of medical learners remained static at 80%.

Conclusion

Strategies to support rural paediatricians in BC are needed to address concerns about workload, burnout, and lack of locum coverage. SPRUCe, a clinical network to support rural paediatrics, provides an example of a potential strategy which may be having a positive impact. The short timeframe between administered surveys and small group of respondents makes demonstrating change challenging, but it is encouraging that decreased recruitment concerns and increased feelings of connectedness among rural paediatricians were noted.
87 Far from home: Qualitative evaluation of the impact of geographic distance from a tertiary paediatric hospital in Canada on family experiences
Authors: van Buuren Asia , Sage Adam , Sernoskie Adam , Udall Brittney , Carwana Matthew
Published: October 2024

Background

Canada’s expansive geography has implications for children and their families seeking tertiary paediatric care. There is minimal literature describing their experiences, particularly challenges associated with receiving inpatient care. This qualitative study builds on previous work that captured out-of-pocket costs and stress levels facing families while admitted to our hospital.

Objectives

Gather an in-depth understanding of family experiences through exploring gaps in current approaches and supports received

2) Generate potential patient-centred solutions to challenges identified

Design/Methods

Ethics approval was obtained. Family partners were involved in all aspects of study design. Qualitative descriptive methodology was adopted to allow for in-depth exploration of family experiences. Semi-structured interviews explored the above objectives. Participants were families that travelled more than 50 km to receive inpatient care under General Paediatrics at a tertiary hospital in Canada within 1 year of when the interview was conducted. In addition, families were purposively recruited through collaboration with community paediatricians until theoretical saturation was reached. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, de-identified, and analyzed for common themes using descriptive analysis in NVivo software.

Results

Between June and October 2023, 16 caregivers participated in our study. The key themes identified were in the following categories: navigating the unknown, bridging the gaps for far away families through equitable resources, and the role of self-advocacy. Families spoke to the overwhelm they faced when being admitted to our centre. For many, it was their first time in our city and the costs associated with being in this city were significant. They identified key gaps in resources and supports, such as knowledge of medical teams, difficulties with eligibility requirements and reimbursement, and inadequate availability of resources after-hours and on weekends. Self-advocacy was important to all participants and innovative solutions were proposed, such as knowledge exchange facilitated by caregivers with lived experience and caregiver-facilitated trainings for providers.

Conclusion

This qualitative study highlights the unique challenges facing families traveling significant distances to receive essential healthcare at a tertiary paediatric hospital in Canada. While significant gaps in resources exist, participants suggested innovative, patient-centred, equitable strategies to bridge these gaps. We plan to partner with patient partners to translate this data into evidence-based interventions to support these families at our institution.
Zircon Typology: a Synthesis. Applications to Magmatic, Metamorphic and Sedimentary Rocks
Authors: Pupin J P
Published: October 2024

The study of more than 101 000 zircon crystals from 1105 different magmatic rocks (anatectic crustal, calc-alkaline, alkaline or tholeiitic) enables a general synthesis to be established which is useful for arguments in petrology. Populations are defined in typological distributions, mean points and typological evolutionary trends according to genetic groups. The overall logic obtained confirms the essential factors (temperature, chemistry) responsible for typological variations. The Hf contents of zircons, in substitution for Zr, make it possible to refine their origins (crustal, hybrid or mantle-derived), in particular by considering the early phase of crystallization, in equilibrium with the initial magma. They support the typological arguments and underline the role of the fluid phase in the magmatic evolution. Zircon crystals first formed in a given environment and subsequently immersed in a new medium of different chemical composition, temperature and fluid content show a spectacular readjustment of their typology. All the data obtained from the magmatic rocks are directly usable on ortho-derived metamorphic rocks with preserved zircon populations. For migmatites affected by partial melting, inherited zircon nuclei provide evidence (morphology, geochemistry notably Hf, Y) to constrain the nature of the protolith. Synthetic tables are proposed to help in the search for the origin of zircons found in sedimentary or volcano-sedimentary rocks, with a special mention for the most significant types and subtypes.
Ribosome binding of phasiRNA precursors accelerates the 24-nt phasiRNA burst in meiotic maize anthers
Authors: Han Yingjia , Jiang Siqi , Dong Xiaomei , Dai Xing , Wang Shunxi , Zheng Ying , Yan Ge , Li Shengben , Wu Liuji , Walbot Virginia , Meyers Blake C , Zhang Mei
Published: October 2024

Reproductive phasiRNAs (phased, secondary, small interfering RNAs), produced from numerous PHAS loci, are essential for plant anther development. PHAS transcripts are enriched on endoplasmic reticulum-bound ribosomes in maize (Zea mays), but the impact of ribosome binding on phasiRNA biogenesis remains elusive. Through ribosome profiling of maize anthers at 10 developmental stages, we demonstrated that 24-PHAS transcripts are bound by ribosomes, with patterns corresponding to the timing and abundance of 24-PHAS transcripts. Ribosome binding to 24-PHAS transcripts is conserved among different maize inbred lines, with ribosomes enriched upstream of the miR2275 target sites. We detected short open reading frames (sORFs) in the ribosome-binding regions of some 24-PHAS transcripts and observed a 3-nt periodicity in most sORFs, but mass spectrometry failed to detect peptides corresponding to the sORFs. Deletion of the entire ribosome-binding region of 24PHAS_NO296 locus eliminated ribosome binding and decreased 24-nt phasiRNA production, without affecting 24PHAS_NO296 transcript levels. In contrast, disrupting only the sORFs in 24PHAS_NO296 did not substantially affect the generation of 24-nt phasiRNAs. A newly formed sORF in these mutants may have re-directed ribosome binding to its transcripts. Overall, these findings demonstrate that sORFs facilitate ribosome binding to 24-PHAS transcripts, thereby promoting phasiRNA biogenesis in meiotic anthers.
What is new about Japan’s new migration policy? From recruitment of “nonlabor” workers to selection by neoliberal meritocracy
Authors: Higuchi Naoto
Published: October 2024

Japan experienced major reforms in its migration policy in 2018. This study aims to examine the novelty of the new migration policy by tracing the shift in the legal status of two “nonlabor” migrant workers: fourth-generation Japanese descendants (Nikkeijin) and technical interns. While fourth-generation young adults have been allowed to work in Japan since 2018, their rights are more restricted than those of third-generation Nikkeijin. Simultaneously, the government prepared a path for technical interns to upgrade their visas to specified skilled workers. The new migration policy is characterized by the convergence of the status of the two groups. Superficially, the reformed immigration program appears to signify a shift toward a more liberal immigration policy that allows previously excluded groups to settle in the country. A more important feature is the rise of the neoliberal meritocracy as a new principle of admission. Both groups have the potential to improve their legal status; however, long-term settlement is unattainable until they undergo rigorous selection. They are expected to overcome hurdles independently because the government is reluctant to provide commensurate support with higher demands for changes in legal status.
Rural Road Infrastructure and Women’s Empowerment in India
Authors: Nandwani Bharti , Roychowdhury Punarjit
Published: October 2024

The paper examines the impact of a rural road construction program in India on a range of outcomes that capture women’s empowerment comprehensively. While spatial integration can ease mobility constraints and provide women with increased education and employment opportunities, the extent of benefits might be limited by underlying gender norms. The paper identifies the impact of the policy by exploiting the program rule that assigned roads based on the village population in a two-way fixed effect framework. The results suggest that the policy reduces mobility restrictions faced by women and improves norms around domestic violence and intra-household agency. It also finds a positive impact of the policy on female education; however, there is limited impact on female employment. Additionally, the study documents gendered impact of the policy—men benefit more in terms of employment than women. The paper offers important policy prescription on how investment in rural roads can affect women’s lives.
Identification of Geotrichum citri-aurantii and G. candidum in citrus packinghouses in California, their sensitivity to cyproconazole, and incomplete cross-resistance to propiconazole
Authors: Nguyen Albert Minh Tri , Forster Helga , Adaskaveg James
Published: October 2024

High levels of sour rot on propiconazole-treated lemon fruit that were stored for extended times in some California packinghouses in 2020 and 2021 initiated surveys on fungicide sensitivity of the causal pathogen. In isolations from diseased fruit in 2020 to 2023, 157 isolates of Geotrichum spp. were obtained. Using species-specific primers, 143 were determined to be G. citri-aurantii and 15 were G. candidum. Isolates of G. citri-aurantii were either sensitive (EC50 0.06 to 0.34 μg/ml), moderately resistant (EC50 1.20 to 2.34 μg/ml), or highly resistant (EC50 >17.68 μg/ml) to propiconazole. There was incomplete cross resistance to cyproconazole, another demethylation inhibitor fungicide pending postharvest registration on citrus in the United States: isolates sensitive to propiconazole were sensitive, isolates moderately resistant to propiconazole were sensitive, and isolates highly resistant were moderately resistant to cyproconazole (EC50 0.11 to 0.63 μg/ml, 0.19 to 0.73 μg/ml, and 2.66 to 6.79 μg/ml, respectively). All except one isolate of G. candidum were highly resistant to both fungicides (EC50 >9.55). Isolates of both species were all considered sensitive to natamycin (EC50 1.18 to 5.01 μg/ml). In lemon fruit inoculations with G. candidum, the incidence of typical sour rot increased from 4.7% to 68.2% when inoculum was amended 2 µg/ml or 100 µg/ml cycloheximide, respectively, a compound known to suppress host defenses. In co-inoculations with 1:1 mixtures of the two Geotrichum spp., G. candidum was only recovered from the centers of decay lesions, whereas G. citri-aurantii was also obtained from the advancing margins. We conclude that G. candidum is a secondary pathogen of lemons, and its presence was favored by extended late-season storage of senescent fruit with reduced defense mechanisms.
Diagnostic Guide for Pythium Root Rot in Hydroponic Leafy Green and Herb Production
Authors: Amrhein Josh J. , Rotondo Francesca , Kubota Chieri , Miller Sally , Testen Anna Louise
Published: October 2024

Pythium root rot is a ubiquitous disease of leafy greens and herbs in hydroponic systems. This disease is caused by multiple species of Pythium with P. aphanidermatum, P. dissotocum, P. myriotylum, and P. oopapillum most reported. This diagnostic guide is intended to inform growers and plant health professionals of the causal agent, host range, distribution, diagnostic approaches, and signs and symptoms of Pythium root rot in hydroponic systems.
Glaucoma‐inducing retinal ganglion cell degeneration alters diurnal rhythm of key molecular components of the central clock and locomotor activity in mice
Authors: Barsanele Pietra Souza , de Assis Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro , da Silva Juliano Jefferson , Furtado Eliz Maria de Oliveira , Fernandes Paola , Cipolla‐Neto José , Poletini Maristela Oliveira , Moraes Maria Nathália
Published: October 2024

Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy characterized by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). These cells play a crucial role in transmitting visual and non‐visual information to brain regions, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), responsible for synchronizing biological rhythms. To understand how glaucoma affects circadian rhythm synchronization, we investigated potential changes in the molecular clock machinery in the SCN. We found that the progressive increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) negatively correlated with spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA). Transcriptome analysis revealed significant alterations in the SCN of glaucomatous mice, including downregulation of genes associated with circadian rhythms. In fact, we showed a loss of diurnal oscillation in the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (Vip), its receptor (Vipr2), and period 1 (Per1) in the SCN of glaucomatous mice. These findings were supported by the 7‐h phase shift in the peak expression of arginine vasopressin (Avp) in the SCN of mice with glaucoma. Despite maintaining a 24‐h period under both light/dark (LD) and constant dark (DD) conditions, glaucomatous mice exhibited altered SLA rhythms, characterized by decreased amplitude. Taken altogether, our findings provide evidence of how glaucoma affects the regulation of the central circadian clock and its consequence on the regulation of circadian rhythms.
Brief Report on Outpatient Treatment of Adolescent Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Kaliamurthy Sivabalaji , Straton Emma , Kumar Prianka , Carleen Anna
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Adolescents are experiencing an increase in substance-related overdose fatalities, with most attributed to fentanyl and an increase in the prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD). We know little about the characteristics of adolescents who use fentanyl, develop OUD, and seek addiction treatment. Here, we present demographic data and retention data on adolescent patients (≤18 years) who were treated at a pediatric addiction clinic.

Methods

We included all patients who presented to an intake appointment at the pediatric addiction clinic between January 3, 2023, and October 17, 2023, and were diagnosed with OUD. We collected data on demographics, decision to start medicine for OUD (MOUD), choice of MOUD, and retention in treatment based on clinic visits at 1 month and 3 months postintake.

Results

Patients are consisted of 24 adolescents (M
age at intake = 16.8 ± 1.0 years, 67% Hispanic/Latinx, 75% public insurance) who met the criteria for moderate to severe OUD with known fentanyl use. All were offered MOUD, and 21 patients agreed to MOUD treatment; 16 adolescents selected buprenorphine/naloxone, and 5 selected naltrexone. At 3 months postintake, 14 patients (58%) were retained in treatment.

Conclusions

Adolescent and family acceptance of MOUD treatment was high, and most patients were retained in treatment at 3 months postintake. More studies are needed to understand how to retain and support adolescent patients in outpatient treatment for OUD given the emergence of fentanyl.
Key roles of the superficial zone in articular cartilage physiology, pathology, and regeneration
Authors: Guo Li , Li Pengcui , Rong Xueqin , Wei Xiaochun
Published: October 2024

The superficial zone (SFZ) of articular cartilage is an important interface that isolates deeper zones from the microenvironment of the articular cavity and is directly exposed to various biological and mechanical stimuli. The SFZ is not only a crucial structure for maintaining the normal physiological function of articular cartilage but also the earliest site of osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage degeneration and a major site of cartilage progenitor cells, suggesting that the SFZ might represent a key target for the early diagnosis and treatment of OA. However, to date, SFZ research has not received sufficient attention, accounting for only about 0.58% of cartilage tissue research. The structure, biological composition, function, and related mechanisms of the SFZ in the physiological and pathological processes of articular cartilage remain unclear. This article reviews the key role of the SFZ in articular cartilage physiology and pathology and focuses on the characteristics of SFZ in articular cartilage degeneration and regeneration in OA, aiming to provide researchers with a systematic understanding of the current research status of the SFZ of articular cartilage, hoping that scholars will give more attention to the SFZ of articular cartilage in the future.
Management of Plastic Surgery Complications at a Tertiary Medical Center after Aesthetic Procedures
Authors: Belza Caitlyn C. , Lopes Kelli , Benyamein Paige , Harfouche Cyril , Dean Riley , Geter Santaria , Lee Clara J. , Neubauer Dan , Reid Chris M. , Suliman Ahmed , Gosman Amanda A.
Published: October 2024

Background:

The aesthetic plastic surgery industry has seen tremendous growth, with Americans spending an estimated 20 billion dollars on procedures in 2020. However, the effect of complications from these procedures on the healthcare system is poorly understood. This study aims to create awareness regarding aesthetic procedure complications through the scope of plastic surgeons at a tertiary medical facility.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed on patients who received care at a single academic tertiary referral center over 5 years for complications from a cash-paid aesthetic procedure at an outside facility. Physician and hospital billing data were analyzed for relevant encounters.

Results:

Patients in this study (n = 40) presented to the emergency department most frequently with complications secondary to abdominoplasty (35%), breast augmentation (27.5%), and injectable fillers (17.5%). The most common complications were infection (32.5%) and wound dehiscence (22.5%). Of those evaluated, 50% required inpatient admission. Additionally, 42.5% required surgical intervention. The distribution of payors included Medicaid (55%), commercial insurance (30%), and Medicare (7.5%), and 7.5% were uninsured. For physician billing, the total gross collection ratio was 21.3%, whereas the hospital billing total gross collection ratio was 25.16%.

Conclusions:

Larger referral hospitals are well-suited to support the aesthetic community with complication management; however, the care required to serve this population is resource-intensive. These data advocate for thorough closed-loop patient–surgeon communication regarding risk–benefit analysis and detailed courses of action should complications arise. Likewise, stronger communication between ambulatory surgical centers and tertiary referral centers may also help minimize complications and subsequent healthcare needs.