bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the global visibility of African scholarly communication: a comparative analysis of open access repositories in Africa
Authors: Ezechukwu Okeoma , Adewole-Odeshi Egbe , Onobrakpor Ufuoma
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This paper is a comparative study of repositories in Africa for the global visibility of African scholarly communication. It aims to provide a detailed description and comparison of repositories in Africa by region, country, repository type, year established, content type, software type, and language of content.
Design/methodology/approach: Using a systematic content review methodology, and a total enumerative sampling technique, a total of 259African repositories drawn from the Directory of Open Access Repositories database over one week were reviewed.
Findings: The study revealed that out of the 5,905 repositories listed, 259 are from Africa. The repositories are spread across 24 out of the 54 countries that make up the continent, thus making a 44% representation of African scholarly communication by countries in the global space. By region, Eastern Africa had the highest number at 101 (39%) repositories invariably becoming the African region with the most visible scholarly communication, while Central Africa had the least number of OARs at 1 (.4%). By countries, South Africa took the top of other countries at 51 (20%) repositories, while Cameroon was the least at 1 (0.3%). The African scholarly communication with the most visibility is Social Sciences at 223 while the least archived subject is Mathematics at 176. African scholarly communications made available on the global space are mostly generated by institutions of learning as the study shows that 243 (94%) OARs in Africa are institutional repositories.
Originality/value: The study exposed the paltry contribution of African repositories in ensuring the global visibility of African scholarly communication. It reveals the weakness of the African continent in exploring the potential of OARs in the wider dissemination of their scholarly communication. Africa has the second-largest population in the world, and ought to generate more scholarly communication in the global space. To this end, therefore, the study recommends among others that African institutions should commit to establishing and maintaining OARs if African scholarly communication will be visible in the global space.
Beyond the Library Catalogue: Connecting Library Metadata to Wikidata
Authors: Okuonghae Omorodion
Published: November 2024

In this era of semantic web, libraries can leverage the power of Wikdata to enhance the discoverability of their resources, foster interoperability, as well as empower information seekers to navigate a richer and vast network of knowledge bases. This study adopted the review method to theoretically examine the concept of Wikidata and how libraries could benefit from the technology by linking their metadata to the global knowledgebase, so as to increase the visibility and discoverability of library materials. The study X-rayed the application of Wikidata in libraries, particularly in the area of increasing visibility and discoverability of library of resources. With Wikidata, libraries could create a web of interconnected knowledge bases that transcends boundaries. It emphasized the importance of integrating Wikidata into libraries, as this could help to shape the open knowledge ecosystem and empower libraries to better serve their user communities in an ever-changing World. The study further advocates for the adoption of Wikidata in libraries so as to project library resources for the greater good of mankind.
Report on the international library and information scientific conference: the past years of BOBCATSSS
Authors: Szabó Dóra , Dani Erzsébet , Nemes László
Published: November 2024

The BOBCATSSS organization, an annual event coordinated by library and information science students from various European universities, fosters collaboration and knowledge exchange within the library and information science (LIS). Since its inception in 1993, BOBCATSSS conferences have served as a significant platform for students, professionals, and academics to present research, discuss contemporary issues, and explore emerging trends in LIS. The unique student-driven nature of the conference ensures the inclusion of fresh perspectives and innovative approaches, reflecting the dynamic and evolving landscape of the discipline. Each year, the conference is hosted by different universities across Europe, promoting cultural exchange and enhancing the international dimension of LIS education and research. The themes of BOBCATSSS conferences are diverse, covering a wide range of topics such as digital libraries, information literacy, knowledge management, and the impact of emerging technologies on information services. By providing an interdisciplinary forum, BOBCATSSS facilitates the development of new ideas and the establishment of professional networks, contributing significantly to the advancement of LIS.
Taxonomía de las acciones de paz desde la lente del sector empresarial
Authors: Ojeda Sánchez Carlos Alberto , Vargas Durango María Alejandra
Published: November 2024

El proceso de Paz en Colombia, que incluyó la firma de un Acuerdo de Paz con grupos armados ilegales al margen de la ley en 2016, abrió el camino para transformar las estructuras del país y avanzar en la construcción de paz. Esta situación coyuntural y política permitió adaptar al lenguaje común términos relacionados con la paz, normalizando su significado, el cual rara vez ha sido cuestionado o definido de manera precisa. A partir de un ejercicio taxonómico, nuestro equipo de investigación se propuso, en primer lugar, definir qué se entiende por acciones de construcción de paz, centrando nuestro análisis en este aspecto. Posteriormente, buscamos identificar las iniciativas que las empresas en Colombia han venido desarrollando en esta materia, teniendo en cuenta que son actores relevantes como agentes de cambio para la construcción de una paz duradera. Objetivo: Poner de manifiesto cuáles son las acciones de construcción de paz, definidas a partir de la validación del diccionario de acciones de paz que creamos durante nuestra investigación. Esto permitirá, después de clasificarlas, visualizar y analizar el impacto de las empresas en la construcción de la paz y el tejido social en Colombia. Todo lo anterior para motivar a este actor clave a dar una respuesta activa frente a su rol, ya que, a pesar de la participación de las empresas en procesos de construcción de paz, aún se desconoce la efectividad y eficiencia de sus actuaciones. Resultados: En el ejercicio taxonómico, mediante el cual clasificamos 149 acciones de construcción de paz en 6 dimensiones se obtuvieron finalmente 31 subgrupos o subdimensiones.
Deep Quadratic Hedging
Authors: Gnoatto Alessandro , Lavagnini Silvia , Picarelli Athena
Published: November 2024

We propose a novel computational procedure for quadratic hedging in high-dimensional incomplete markets, covering mean-variance hedging and local risk minimization. Starting from the observation that both quadratic approaches can be treated from the point of view of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs), we (recursively) apply a deep learning-based BSDE solver to compute the entire optimal hedging strategies paths. This allows us to overcome the curse of dimensionality, extending the scope of applicability of quadratic hedging in high dimension. We test our approach with a classic Heston model and with a multiasset and multifactor generalization thereof, showing that this leads to high levels of accuracy.
Evolving the framework
Authors: Newsome Daryl
Published: November 2024

Daryl Newsome explains why dispensing opticians refracting should not be controversial
CET: Dispensing interactive 2
Authors: Black Tina Arbon , Black Peter , Harvey Bill
Published: November 2024

In the second interactive exercise linked to the long-running CPD series on ophthalmic dispensing, Tina Arbon Black, Peter Black and Bill Harvey introduce an exercise aimed at encouraging critical analysis of the evidence base (C102858, suitable for one interactive CPD point for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
Eyewear sales boom post-pandemic
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: November 2024

Andrew McClean reports on the growth experienced by British frames companies after Covid-19
Diary of a spectacle designer
Authors: Davies Tom
Published: November 2024

Tom Davies has been usurped as his brand’s king of marketing
CPD: Bcla Clear interactive 3
Authors: Retallic Neil , McDonnell Claire
Published: November 2024

Neil Retallic and Dr Claire McDonnell introduce a new interactive CPD exercise based upon the BCLA CLEAR publication considering the effect of contact lens materials and designs on the anatomy and physiology of the eye, as featured in last month’s Optician Contact Lens Monthly (C-103025, suitable for logging as one interactive CPD point for optometrists, dispensing opticians and contact lens opticians)
CPD: Cataract post-op complications
Authors: Singh Bhangra Jasraj , Babar Naima , Patel Kishan , Dutton Christian , Price Lyn , Hardman-Lea Simon
Published: November 2024

Jasraj Singh Bhangra, Naima Babar, Kishan Patel, Christian Dutton, Lyn Price and Simon Hardman-Lea explore the aetiology, risk factors, differential diagnosis and treatment of some common post-operative complications of cataract extraction (C 102988, suitable for logging as one provider-led distance learning CPD point for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
Influencing the conversation
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: November 2024

Andrew McClean finds out about the launch of a myopia awareness campaign in the UK
Cataract coverage
Authors: Kirkpatrick Nigel
Published: November 2024

Nigel Kirkpatrick considers the recovery of eye surgery services since the pandemic
CPD: Fundamentals of ophthalmic dispensing 30
Authors: Black Peter , Arbon Black Tina , Harvey Bill
Published: November 2024

Peter Black, Tina Arbon Black and Bill Harvey offer an overview of low vision practice (C 103400, suitable for logging as one provider-led distance learning CPD point for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
A new species of the earwig genus Obelura Burr, 1907 (Dermaptera: Forficulidae: Opisthocosmiinae) from China, with a key to species
Authors: YANG CAN , ZHANG JIN-FA , CHEN ZHI-TENG
Published: November 2024

A new species of Obelura Burr, 1907, Obelura yunnana sp. nov., is described from Dali City, Yunnan Province, China. The new species is distinguished from its described congeners by the presence of a prominent dorsal tooth near the base of the forceps. This represents the second species of Obelura reported from China. The nomenclatural changes of the following three species previously allocated in the genus Syntonus are proposed: Obelura serrata (Srivastava, 1978) comb. nov.; O. simplex (Srivastava, 1978) comb. nov.; O. venus (Steinmann, 1993) comb. nov.. A key to the Obelura species based on male morphological characters is also provided.
Kemeny’s constant and the Lemoine point of a simplex
Authors: Devriendt Karel
Published: November 2024

Kemeny's constant is an invariant of discrete-time Markov chains, equal to the expected number of steps between two states sampled from the stationary distribution. It appears in applications as a concise characterization of the mixing properties of a Markov chain and has many alternative definitions. In this short article, we derive a new geometric expression for Kemeny's constant, which involves the distance between two points in a simplex associated with the Markov chain: the circumcenter and the Lemoine point. Our proof uses an expression due to Wang, Dubbeldam, and Van Mieghem of Kemeny's constant in terms of effective resistances and Fiedler's interpretation of effective resistances as edge lengths of a simplex.
An extension of the Perron-Frobenius theory to arbitrary matrices and cones
Authors: Il'yasov Yavdat , Valeev Nurmukhamet
Published: November 2024

We develop the Perron-Frobenius theory using a variational approach and extend it to a set of arbitrary matrices, including those that are neither irreducible nor essentially positive, and do not preserve a cone. We introduce a new concept called a "quasi-eigenvalue of a matrix," which is invariant under orthogonal transformations of variables, and has various useful properties, such as determining the largest value of the real parts of the eigenvalues of a matrix. We extend Weyl's inequality for the eigenvalues to the set of arbitrary matrices and prove the new stability result to the Perron root of irreducible nonnegative matrices under arbitrary perturbations. As well as this, we obtain new types of estimates for the ranges of the sets of eigenvalues and their real parts.
Diameter vs. Laplacian eigenvalue distribution
Authors: Xu Leyou , Zhou Bo
Published: November 2024

Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n$. It is known that any Laplacian eigenvalue of $G$ belongs to the interval $[0,n]$. For an interval $I\subseteq [0, n]$, denote by $m_GI$ the number of Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$ in $I$, counted with multiplicities. Let $d$ be the diameter of $G$. If $2\le d\le n-4$, we show that $m_G[n-d,n]\le n-d+2$, and it may be improved into $m_G[n-d,n]\le n-d+1$ when $d=2,3,4$. We also show that $m_G[n-2d+4,n]\le n-2$ if $d=2, \lfloor\frac{n+3}{2}\rfloor$, and $m_G[n-2d+4,n]\le n-3$ if $3\le d\le \lfloor\frac{n+1}{2}\rfloor$. The diameter constraint provides an insightful approach to understand how the Laplacian eigenvalues are distributed.
Frailty and body composition predict adverse outcomes after emergency general surgery admission: a multicentre observational cohort study
Authors: May-Miller P , Ligthart MAP , Darbyshire AR , Rahman S , Pucher PH , Curtis NJ , West MA ,   for the Wessex Research Collaborative
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Emergency surgical admissions represent the most unwell patients admitted to any hospital. Frailty and body composition independently identify risk of adverse outcomes but are seldom combined to predict outcomes in emergency patients. We aim to determine the relationships between frailty, body composition analyses (BCA) and mortality in an undifferentiated emergency general surgical patient population.

Method

A prospective, multicentre observational cohort study of patients admitted with emergency surgical pathology was conducted in eight hospitals. BCA were performed at L3 vertebrae using computed tomography images to quantify sarcopenia and myosteatosis. Sex-specific BCA cut-off values were determined by our previous study. Reported Edmonton Frail Scale (REFS) values ≥8 identified frailty. The primary outcomes were all-cause 30-day and 1-year mortality. Multivariable logistic regression was utilised to explore predictive relationships between frailty, BCA, mortality and independent discharge.

Results

A total of 194 patients were included; 24% were frail, 25% were sarcopenic and 23% myosteatotic. Some 61% of patients underwent an emergency laparotomy. Frail patients were more likely to be sarcopenic (20.4% vs 40.4%; p = 0.011) and myosteatotic (27.2% vs 51.1%; p = 0.004). Thirty-day and 1-year mortality was 5.2% and 15.5%, respectively; 30-day mortality was two times higher in the frail group (4.1% vs 8.5%; p = 0.414), and three times higher at 1 year (10.2% vs 31.9%; p = 0.001). Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.06; p = 0.001), sarcopenia (OR 2.88; p = 0.047) and frailty (OR 4.13; p = 0.001) were associated with 1-year mortality. Only 55.3% of frail patients were discharged home independently compared with 88.4% non-frail patients (p < 0.001). One-year mortality was greater in those with frailty and/or BCA abnormalities than in those without (28.8% vs 9.6%; p = 0.003).

Conclusion

Frailty, sarcopenia and myosteatosis contribute significantly to adverse outcomes.

Study registration

NCT 03534765
The Braid of Corn: Creation, White Corn, and the Iroquois White Corn Project
Authors: White Kevin J.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This essay explores the intersectionality of storytelling, the importance of corn, and a farming project from the experiences and vantage point of the author. Corn is undeniably linked with Indigenous cultures and peoples of the Americas. Corn is one of the largest gifts to the world agriculture practices, cuisines, and diets of modern peoples. To fully understand the importance of corn in all its variations we must reflect on how corn is shared as a meal and on the importance of cultural, ceremonial, and reciprocal obligations humans have with this one plant. The latter part of the essay reflects upon the author’s experiences with an early food sovereignty traditional project, the Iroquois White Corn Project. It explores the aspirations of the late Dr. John Mohawk and his wife, the late Dr. Yvonne Dion-Buffalo, who looked to return corn to a staple part of the modern Indigenous diets. To understand the full scope and ability of the role corn plays in Indigenous knowledge systems, one must explore the role corn plays in formative storytelling epochs, like the Haudenosaunee Creation narrative or Indigenous cosmologies. Examining the importance of corn within the story and the resulting diet and cultural celebration helps shape the aspirations of Mohawk, Dion-Buffalo, and others who were part of the corn project.
Refusal to Record: Intentional Silences as a Method of Archival Justice
Authors: Goeman-Shulsky Sedonna
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Motivated by my background in Indigenous studies, archaeology, and archival practice, I reflect in this article on my own family history, which has shaped my theorization of intentional silence in archives. I have considered prominent discourse in critical information studies in relation to my lived experience as a Tonawanda Seneca descendant searching for answers to familial mysteries. I confront ideas of refusal from Audra Simpson, critical fabulation of Saidiya Hartman, the archival specter of J. J. Ghaddar, and truth and reconciliation efforts in the context of my experiences-both professional and personal. The synthesis of personal history and professional experience in this case is vital, as it supports my perspective that the personal informs critical theory building. This article asks: What stories need to be open to all? Who is prepared to hear those stories? How do we protect our knowledge from exploitation? Where is the joy in settler collections of Indigenous histories? To address these questions, intentional silence is a concept born of the rejection of settler consumption of Indigenous grief, which aids in all liberation efforts.
Navajo Practices of Language Ontologies: A Historical Case of Language Socialization at Intermountain Indian School
Authors: Tanner M. Nathan
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This article examines Intermountain Indian School (1949–84) as a site of language, power, and agency against a background of the political realities of white Christian settler colonialism influencing Indigenous education in the postwar United States. Through a document analysis of Smoke Signals , a school newspaper produced by Diné students and their white teachers at Intermountain Indian School in the 1950s, this study seeks to understand the ways Navajo youth practiced language ontologies while socializing with one another and their mostly white teachers and administrators in a colonial schooling context. Of primary concern are what can be learned about the language ideologies of Intermountain’s Diné students, as well as their white teachers and administrators; how Diné student voice could be interpreted as reflecting “the intentions of others” in a Bakhtinian sense; and how the logics of settler colonialism were both reinforced and challenged at Intermountain Indian School. I conclude that, constituting a community of practice, Diné youth practiced their own unique language ontologies that simultaneously challenged settler-colonial aims, exhibited their determination to resist racist assimilation, and engaged relationally in beauty as opposed to animosity.
Generation of bright-dark pulses in a Q-switched random fiber laser based on enhanced distributed backscattering
Authors: Zhang Ailing , Sun Ao , Pan Honggang , Chang Pengxiang , Shi Yanmei
Published: November 2024

In this paper, a passively Q-switched random fiber laser (RFL) with a short linear open cavity based on enhanced distributed feedback in a fiber ring is proposed. The theoretical analysis of the fiber ring shows that the power accumulation happens at the phase matching condition and the maximum enhancement increases with the decreasing of coupling coefficient k and insert loss γ. As a result, the enhanced distributed feedback in the fiber ring promotes the generation of the Q-switching process in RFL. Under the combined action of enhanced distributed backscattering in the fiber ring and broadband reflection in the fiber loop mirror (FLM), bright-dark pulses with tunable frequency and pulse width are generated, and the pulse shape of bright-dark pulse pairs is controllable by inserting a length of SMF in the RFL. Moreover, when a random phase shift Bragg grating (RPS-FBG) or fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is used to replace the FLM, the dark pulses disappear, which indicates that the appearance of dark pulses is the result of the combined action of broadband reflection of FLM and enhanced distributed backscattering of the fiber ring.
Frequency-stable liquid crystal lenses using a circumferentially segmented concentric electrode
Authors: Feng Wenbin
Published: November 2024

A circumferentially segmented concentric electrode is proposed for a large-aperture liquid crystal (LC) lens to address the issue of phase deviation from the parabolic profile caused by alternating current (AC) driving voltages. This design offers a simple and effective method for realizing large-aperture LC lenses that maintain a stable parabolic phase profile across a wider frequency range. An equivalent circuit model of the LC lens is established, and analysis shows that increasing the number of electrode segments brings the voltage distribution closer to a parabolic profile. In the experiments, LC lenses with a 5 mm aperture and a 30 µm LC layer were prepared using both unsegmented and eight-segmented electrodes. The results demonstrate that the segmented electrode design notably enhances frequency stability, with the lens maintaining a nearly ideal parabolic phase profile over a frequency range of up to 8 kHz.
Quantitative phase imaging with optical differentiation by spatially variable amplitude filters
Authors: Strasser Franziska , Ritsch-Marte Monika , Bernet Stefan
Published: November 2024

We present a non-interferometric technique for quantitative phase imaging (QPI) that is cost-effective, easily integrated into standard microscopes, and capable of wide-field imaging with noncoherent light. Our method measures the phase gradient through optical differentiation using spatially variable amplitude filters, accommodating a range of transmission functions, including commercially available variable neutral-density filters. This flexibility is made possible by a general relationship we derive. The approach is demonstrated by recovering phase information from a microsphere with a phase shift exceeding 2π, without the need for phase unwrapping. Additionally, we image multiple HeLa cells across a large field of view.
Comparing microbiological and molecular diagnostic tools for the surveillance of anthrax
Authors: Ochai Sunday Ochonu , Hassim Ayesha , Dekker Edgar H. , Magome Thuto , Lekota Kgaugelo Edward , Makgabo S. Marcus , de Klerk-Loris Lin-Mari , van Schalkwyk Louis O. , Kamath Pauline L. , Turner Wendy C. , van Heerden Henriette
Published: November 2024

The diagnosis of anthrax, a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis can be complicated by detection of closely related species. Conventional diagnosis of anthrax involves microscopy, culture identification of bacterial colonies and molecular detection. Genetic markers used are often virulence gene targets such as B. anthracis protective antigen (pagA, also called BAPA, occurring on plasmid pXO1), lethal factor (lef, on pXO1), capsule-encoding capB/C (located on pXO2) as well as chromosomal Ba-1. Combinations of genetic markers using real-time/quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) are used to confirm B. anthracis from culture but can also be used directly on diagnostic samples to avoid propagation and its associated biorisks and for faster identification. We investigated how the presence of closely related species could complicate anthrax diagnoses with and without culture to standardise the use of genetic markers using qPCR for accurate anthrax diagnosis. Using blood smears from 2012–2020 from wildlife mortalities (n = 1708) in Kruger National Park in South Africa where anthrax is endemic, we contrasted anthrax diagnostic results based on qPCR, microscopy, and culture. From smears, 113/1708 grew bacteria in culture, from which 506 isolates were obtained. Of these isolates, only 24.7% (125 isolates) were positive for B. anthracis based on genetic markers or microscopy. However, among these, merely 4/125 (3.2%) were confirmed B. anthracis isolates (based on morphology, microscopy, and sensitivity testing to penicillin and gamma-phage) from the blood smear, likely due to poor survival of spores on stored smears. This study identified B. cereus sensu lato, which included B. cereus and B. anthracis, Peribacillus spp., and Priestia spp. clusters using gyrB gene in selected bacterial isolates positive for pagA region using BAPA probe. Using qPCR on blood smears, 52.1% (890 samples) tested positive for B. anthracis based on one or a combination of genetic markers which included the 25 positive controls. Notably, the standard lef primer set displayed the lowest specificity and accuracy. The Ba-1+BAPA+lef combination showed 100% specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy. Various marker combinations, such as Ba-1+capB, BAPA+capB, Ba-1+BAPA+capB+lef, and BAPA+lef+capB, all demonstrated 100.0% specificity and 98.7% accuracy, while maintaining a sensitivity of 96.6%. Using Ba-1+BAPA+lef+capB, as well as Ba-1+BAPA+lef with molecular diagnosis accurately detects B. anthracis in the absence of bacterial culture. Systematically combining microscopy and molecular markers holds promise for notably reducing false positives. This significantly enhances the detection and surveillance of diseases like anthrax in southern Africa and beyond and reduces the need for propagation of the bacteria in culture.
Usability and agreement of the SWIFT-ActiveScreener systematic review support tool: Preliminary evaluation for use in clinical research
Authors: Liu Jenny J. W. , Ein Natalie , Gervasio Julia , Easterbrook Bethany , Nouri Maede S. , Nazarov Anthony , Richardson J. Don
Published: November 2024

Systematic reviews (SRs) employ standardized methodological processes for synthesizing empirical evidence to answer specific research questions. These processes include rigorous screening phases to determine eligibility of articles against strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Despite these processes, SRs are a significant undertaking, and this type of research often necessitates extensive human resource requirements, especially when the scope of the review is large. Given the substantial resources and time commitment required, we investigated a way in which the screening process might be accelerated while maintaining high fidelity and adherence to SR processes. More recently, researchers have turned to artificial intelligence-based (AI) software to expedite the screening process. This paper evaluated the agreement and usability of a novel machine learning program, Sciome SWIFT-ActiveScreener (ActiveScreener), in a large SR of mental health outcomes following treatment for PTSD. ActiveScreener exceeded the expected 95% agreement of the program with screeners to predict inclusion or exclusion of relevant articles at the title/abstract assessment phase of the review and was reported to be user friendly by both novice and seasoned screeners. ActiveScreener, when used appropriately, may be a useful tool when performing SR in a clinical context.
Population-based cohort data used to assess trends in early resumption of sexual activity after voluntary medical male circumcision in Rakai, Uganda
Authors: Daama Alex , Nalugoda Fred , Kankaka Edward , Kasango Asani , Nantume Betty , Kigozi Grace Nalwoga , Ssekubugu Robert , Namutundu Juliana , Ssettuba Absalom , Lutalo Tom , Kagaayi Joseph , Nakigozi Gertrude , Alamo Stella , Mills Lisa A. , Kabuye Geoffrey , Gray Ron , Wawer Maria , Serwadda David , Sewankambo Nelson , Kigozi Godfrey
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces the risk of heterosexual acquisition of HIV by 50%–60%. The Uganda Ministry of Health recommends abstinence of sex for 42 days after VMMC to allow complete wound healing. However, some men resume sex early before the recommended period. We estimated trends in prevalence and risk factors of early sex resumption (ESR) among VMMC clients in Rakai, Uganda, from 2013–2020.

Methods

Data from the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS), a cross-sectional study, were analyzed. Data included consenting males aged 15–49 years in RCCS who self-reported having received VMMC between the period of 2013 to 2020. ESR prevalence and associated risk factors were assessed using modified Poisson regression to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR).

Results

Overall, 1,832 participants were included in this study. ESR decreased from 45.1% in 2013 to 14.9% in 2020 (p<0.001). Across the first three surveys, ESR prevalence was consistently higher among the married participants than the never married participants, aPR = 1.83, 95% CI: [1.30,2.57]; aPR = 2.46, 95% CI: [1.50,4.06]; aPR = 2.22, 95% CI: [1.22,4.03]. ESR prevalence was higher among participants who reported to have more than one sexual partner than participants with one partner, aPR = 1.59, 95% CI: [1.16,2.20]. In the fourth survey from 2018–2020, ESR prevalence was significantly higher among participants with primary education than participants with post-primary, aPR = 2.38, 95% CI: [1.31, 4.30]. However, ESR prevalence was lower among participants aged at least 45 years than participants aged 15–19 years, aPR = 0.0, 95% CI: [1.86e-07, 2.69e-06]. Overall, participants who reported primary school as their highest level of education reported ESR more often than those with post-primary education aPR = 2.38, 95% CI: [1.31, 4.30]. Occupation and known HIV status were not associated with ESR.

Conclusions

Self-reported ESR after VMMC declined between 2013 and 2020. Targeted efforts for counseling focusing on married men, men who had multiple sex partners, and men with lower levels of education may decrease ESR.
Cyclophosphamide- and doxorubicin-induced impairment of high affinity choline uptake and spatial memory can be prevented by dietary choline supplementation in breast tumor bearing mice
Authors: Botelho Robert , Kirstein Cheryl L. , Philpot Rex M.
Published: November 2024

AC chemotherapy (Adriamycin and Cytoxan, i.e., doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, respectively), a common treatment for breast cancer, can lead to significant cognitive side effects, known as Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairments (CRCIs). These cognitive impairments can persist over 20 years and significantly affect the quality of life for cancer patients and survivors. AC chemotherapy is known to impair ovarian function and reduce circulating estradiol (E2), an effect that can decrease high-affinity choline uptake (HACU) and reduce acetylcholine (ACh) availability. Because ACh is involved in attention, learning and memory function we hypothesized that the cognitive deficits observed during and after adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) are associated with compromised high affinity choline uptake (HACU) due to suppressed ovarian function. Increasing available choline has been demonstrated to enhance HACU under conditions of demand for ACh, therefore we propose that choline supplementation can mitigate CRCIs by maintaining cholinergic function throughout and following chemotherapy treatment. Our study demonstrates cognitive deficits in tumor-bearing but not non-tumor-bearing mice during and following AC chemotherapy, suggesting that tumors enhance vulnerability to CRCIs. We found that HACU was impaired in tumor-bearing mice administered AC chemotherapy and that a choline-enriched diet can mitigate both the reduction of HACU induced by chemotherapy and deficits in spatial memory, suggesting a protective role of dietary choline against disruptions in HACU and cognitive impairment caused by chemotherapy. This underscores the potential use of dietary choline supplementation as a part of chemotherapeutic interventions.
A Bayesian Mixture Model approach to expected possession values in rugby league
Authors: Sawczuk Thomas , Palczewska Anna , Jones Ben , Palczewski Jan
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to introduce a novel Bayesian Mixture Model approach to the development of an EPV model in rugby league, which could produce a smooth pitch surface and estimate individual possession outcome probabilities. 99,966 observations from the 2021 Super League season were used. A set of 33 centres (30 in the field of play, 3 in the opposition try area) were located across the pitch. Each centre held the probability of five possession outcomes occurring (converted/unconverted try, penalty, drop goal and no points). Probabilities at each centre were interpolated to all locations on the pitch and estimated using a Bayesian approach. An EPV measure was derived from the possession outcome probabilities and their points value. The model produced a smooth pitch surface, which was able to provide different possession outcome probabilities and EPVs for every location on the pitch. Differences between team attacking and defensive plots were visualised and an actual vs expected player rating system was developed. The model provides significantly more flexibility than previous zonal approaches, allowing much more insightful results to be obtained. It could easily be adapted to other sports with similar data structures.
Shared decision making applied to self-management program for hypertensive patients: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Yun So Young , Song Mi Ok
Published: November 2024

Shared decision making (SDM) improves health outcomes by providing individualized nursing interventions to patients and educating and empowering them to actively participate in health. However, hypertensive patients who require self-management do not actively participate in the SDM process. This scoping review aims to investigate the available information on SDM to self- management programs for hypertensive patients. The proposed scoping review protocol will be conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework, following the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology for scoping reviews. Multiple databases will be searched, including the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library. Papers’ titles, abstracts, and full text will predominantly be screened by one researcher with a second researcher. Data will be extracted using a customized table developed in collaboration with the research team, and presented in tabular format, arranged thematically. In the scoping review, studies involving the self- management program applied for hypertensive patients with two or more of the components of the intervention are included. And in the SDM process, studies in which healthcare providers provide various options for patients’ self- management and set health goals in consideration of patients’ preferences and values will be included.
FDCN-C: A deep learning model based on frequency enhancement, deformable convolution network, and crop module for electroencephalography motor imagery classification
Authors: Liang Hong-Jie , Li Ling-Long , Cao Guang-Zhong
Published: November 2024

Motor imagery (MI)-electroencephalography (EEG) decoding plays an important role in brain-computer interface (BCI), which enables motor-disabled patients to communicate with external world via manipulating smart equipment. Currently, deep learning (DL)-based methods are popular for EEG decoding. Whereas the utilization efficiency of EEG features in frequency and temporal domain is not sufficient, which results in poor MI classification performance. To address this issue, an EEG-based MI classification model based on a frequency enhancement module, a deformable convolutional network, and a crop module (FDCN-C) is proposed. Firstly, the frequency enhancement module is innovatively designed to address the issue of extracting frequency information. It utilizes convolution kernels at continuous time scales to extract features across different frequency bands. These features are screened by calculating attention and integrated into the original EEG data. Secondly, for temporal feature extraction, a deformable convolution network is employed to enhance feature extraction capabilities, utilizing offset parameters to modulate the convolution kernel size. In spatial domain, a one-dimensional convolution layer is designed to integrate all channel information. Finally, a dilated convolution is used to form a crop classification module, wherein the diverse receptive fields of the EEG data are computed multiple times. Two public datasets are employed to verify the proposed FDCN-C model, the classification accuracy obtained from the proposed model is greater than that of state-of-the-art methods. The model’s accuracy has improved by 14.01% compared to the baseline model, and the ablation study has confirmed the effectiveness of each module in the model.
Prevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors among healthcare workers in the war-torn Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Abera Bisrat Tesfay , Gebrecherkos Teklay , Weledegebriel Migbnesh Gebremedhin , Abreha Girmatsion Fisseha
Published: November 2024

Background

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has put an enormous encumbrance on the healthcare system and healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide, particularly in war-torn areas. As the world strives to end the pandemic, knowing the magnitude of the infection and its contributing factors in fragile settings is critical to prevent further waves of the pandemic.

Methods

Using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), a facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 and its associated factors. The study was conducted among 326 unvaccinated HCWs in two hospitals in Tigray, Ethiopia from. The study period was from June 26 to December 31, 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the characteristics of study participants and the magnitude of COVID-19 while multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess factors affecting COVID-19 infection among HCWs.

Results

The seroprevalence of COVID-19 among HCWs in the war-torn region of Tigray was 52.4% and 56.5% using Cellex and INNOVA antibody RDTs, respectively. The point prevalence, using Abbot Antigen test, was 14.2%. The overall infection prevention and control practice (IPC) and facility preparedness was poor with >85% of the HCWs reporting not wearing eye goggle/face shield and respirator in activities that needed transmission-based precautions; none of the participants reporting as having separate waste disposal system for COVID-19 cases; and only 56.8% reporting as having an isolation area during the time of testing. In the multivariate analysis, not having isolation area (AOR = 19.6, 95% CI: 7.57–50.78), re-using of personal protective equipment (PPE) (AOR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.54–6.77), being symptomatic (AOE = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.02–5.67), and being a medical doctor, doctor of dental surgery, and anesthetist (AOR = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.05–12.66) were significantly associated with having at least one positive result.

Conclusions

Shortage of PPE supply, poor IPC practice, suboptimal facility preparedness, and low vaccination coverage in the region contributed to the high rate of COVID-19 infection among HCWs observed in this study.
Cardiac effects of OPA1 protein promotion in a transgenic animal model
Authors: Bruszt Kitti , Horvath Orsolya , Ordog Katalin , Toth Szilard , Juhasz Kata , Vamos Eszter , Fekete Katalin , Gallyas Ferenc , Toth Kalman , Halmosi Robert , Deres Laszlo
Published: November 2024

Mitochondria form a dynamic network in cells, regulated by the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission. The inhibition of mitochondrial fission can have positive effects in acute ischemic/reperfusion injury models by preventing the fall in mitochondrial membrane potential associated with fission processes. However, inhibition of fission in chronic models is disadvantageous because it obstructs the elimination of damaged mitochondrial fragments. OPA1, in view of previous results, is a possible therapeutic target as a fusion promoter and structure stabilizer protein. We used transgenic mice in which the OMA1 cleavage sites of OPA1 were deleted. This resulted in a higher representation of L-OPA1 compared to S-OPA1. After genotyping and model validation, all animals were examined by echocardiograph on two occasions, at weeks 11 and 36. Histological samples were taken from hearts to examine mitochondrial morphology and structure remodeling. The signaling pathways related to mitochondrial dynamic processes were evaluated. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from neonatal mice to determine the efficiency of mitochondrial respiration using the SeaHorse assay method. OPA1 protein promotion has a negative effect on systolic function during aging. We confirmed that volume overload and ventricular remodeling did not manifest. The reason behind the loss of pump function might be, at least partly, due to the energy deficit caused by mitochondrial respiratory failure and damage in mitochondrial quality control pathways.
Research on the impact of digital financial inclusion and environmental regulation on industrial structure upgrading-based on spatial Durbin model analysis
Authors: Chen Liuwu , Zhang Guimei
Published: November 2024

In the context of building a modern industrial system, digital finance inclusive (DFI) and environmental regulation (ER) have become significant drivers of industrial structure upgrading. Amid the rapid development of DFI and the tightening of ER, high-quality development goals have been set. From a spatial perspective, can DFI, ER, and their interactions positively impact China’s industrial structure? Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, empirical analysis is conducted using the Spatial Durbin Model and the Threshold Model. The study find that, firstly, in spatial regression, both DFI and ER significantly promote the upgrading of industrial structures, with notable spatial spillover effects. Secondly, it was discovered that the interaction between DFI and ER have a significant negative impact on industrial structure upgrading, with a pronounced negative spatial spillover effect, indicating a "siphon effect," which is a new finding. In the threshold model regression, it is found that both DFI and ER exhibit a single-threshold effect, while their interaction shows a double-threshold effect. In the heterogeneity test, it is found that the interaction between DFI and ER on industrial structure upgrading is greatly influenced by regional factors, with significant differences across different regions. Therefore, it is crucial to pay attention to the threshold values in the threshold effect while considering the unique economic and geographical attributes of each region to formulate targeted strategies.
Towards efficient IoT communication for smart agriculture: A deep learning framework
Authors: Alturif Ghada , Saleh Wafaa , El-Bary Alaa A. , Osman Radwa Ahmed
Published: November 2024

The integration of IoT (Internet of Things) devices has emerged as a technical cornerstone in the landscape of modern agriculture, revolutionising the way farming practises are viewed and managed. Smart farming, enabled by interconnected sensors and technologies, has surpassed traditional methods, giving farmers real-time, granular information into their farms. These Internet of Things devices are responsible for collecting and sending greenhouse data (temperature, humidity, and soil moisture) for the required destination, to provide a comprehensive awareness of environmental factors critical to crop growth. Therefore, ensuring that the received data are accurate is a challenge, thus this paper investigates the optimization of Agriculture IoT communication, proposing a complete strategy for improving data transmission efficiency within smart farming ecosystems. The proposed model intends to maximize energy efficiency and data throughput in the context of essential agricultural factors by using Lagrange optimization and a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN). The paper focus on the ideal communication required distance between IoT sensors that measure humidity, temperature, and water levels and central control systems. The investigation emphasizes the critical necessity of these data points in guaranteeing crop health and vitality. The proposed technique strives to improve the performance of agricultural IoT communication networks through the integration of mathematical optimization and cutting-edge deep learning. This paradigm change emphasizes the inherent link between precise achievable data rate and energy efficiency, resulting in resilient agricultural ecosystems capable of adjusting to dynamic environmental conditions for optimal crop output and health.
Compound 4f, a novel brain-penetrant reversible monoacylglycerol inhibitor, ameliorates neuroinflammation, neuronal cell loss, and cognitive impairment in mice with kainic acid-induced neurodegeneration
Authors: Arimura Naoto , Maeda Chie , Aoyama Kazunobu , Yamaguchi Namiko , Sugiura Ayumu , Takahashi Yasuko , Maeda Ryouta , Ando Tatsuya , Kamata Makoto , Matsui Hideki , Tanaka Maiko
Published: November 2024

Neuroinflammation, a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, is associated with neuronal cell loss and cognitive dysfunction. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is involved in neuroinflammation in the brain via the degradation of endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol to arachidonic acid, a precursor of some eicosanoids; therefore, MAGL inhibitors are expected to have anti-inflammatory effects. We recently developed a reversible, selective, central nervous system penetrant, and orally available MAGL inhibitor, compound 4f. Compound 4f (1 mg/kg) robustly increased 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels and decreased arachidonic acid levels in the mouse brain. To examine whether compound 4f can suppress neuroinflammation and neuronal cell loss, kainic acid (KA)-injected mice were used as a neuroinflammation model in this study. Compound 4f (1 mg/kg) significantly decreased the cytokine and chemokine expression levels and suppressed neuronal cell loss in the hippocampi of mice. Compound 4f also ameliorated cognitive impairment in KA-injected mice. The cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist, AM251, and cannabinoid receptor 2 antagonist, AM630, partly blocked the neuroprotective effects of compound 4f in the hippocampi of KA-injected mice. Gene expression profiles and pathway analyses revealed that compound 4f reversed the KA-induced changes in the expression of genes related to inflammation and neurotransmission. These results indicate that the selective and reversible MAGL inhibitor, compound 4f, can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.