bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mediated voice
Authors: Du Biyu (Jade)
Published: May 2021

This article examines how the voices of trial participants are mediated by court interpreters. The research focuses on closing statements articulated by defendants in Chinese criminal trials, the last chance for their voices to be heard prior to sentencing. Drawing upon the concept of voice and theories of speech acts and pragmatic equivalence, and based on the discourse analysis of seven authentic trial recordings, this study reveals how the discursive performance of the defendant is constructed, altered, and sometimes undermined through interpreting. The findings reveal that speech acts performed by the defendant are often not maintained in the interpreted renditions and that the concept of closing statements is difficult to convey. It is argued that when interpreters fail to convey the pragmatic force of defendants’ utterances, the voice of the defendants is not fully heard, which places them at a disadvantage and impacts upon their right to equality and justice. The article also reveals system-bound constraints on the effective provision of language assistance and the safeguarding of defendants’ legal rights.
Translanguaging sequel
Authors: Sato Eriko
Published: May 2021

The paper examines the products of interlingual and intralingual translanguaging and qualitatively analyzes three origin-based lexical varieties in Japanese,wago(native Japanese words),kango(Sino-Japanese words), andgairaigo(foreign loanwords other thankango) in terms of how they have been complementing, competing against, or being in conflict with each other, how they engage word-formation processes as deep as morpheme-levels, and how they are perceived and manipulated by language users, including translators. This study shows that translanguaging has been practiced recursively and multi-directionally over a long period of time, yielding the phenomenon ‘translanguaging sequel’. The qualitative study of a Japanese translation of a Korean poem reveals a translator’s ideology-driven translanguaging practice that crosses not only interlingual but also intralingual boundaries, causing an international socio-political dispute. This study supports the view that translanguaging has been shaping and reshaping the norms of languages and language use. It also suggests the benefits of analyzing the products and traces of translanguaging in translated texts as well as the process of translanguaging during translation activities that can be promoted and implemented in language classrooms.
Mechanism of p38 MAPK–induced EGFR endocytosis and its crosstalk with ligand-induced pathways
Authors: Perez Verdaguer Mireia , Zhang Tian , Paulo Joao A. , Gygi Steven , Watkins Simon C. , Sakurai Hiroaki , Sorkin Alexander
Published: May 2021

Ligand binding triggers clathrin-mediated and, at high ligand concentrations, clathrin-independent endocytosis of EGFR. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) of EGFR is also induced by stimuli activating p38 MAPK. Mechanisms of both ligand- and p38-induced endocytosis are not fully understood, and how these pathways intermingle when concurrently activated remains unknown. Here we dissect the mechanisms of p38-induced endocytosis using a pH-sensitive model of endogenous EGFR, which is extracellularly tagged with a fluorogen-activating protein, and propose a unifying model of the crosstalk between multiple EGFR endocytosis pathways. We found that a new locus of p38-dependent phosphorylation in EGFR is essential for the receptor dileucine motif interaction with the σ2 subunit of clathrin adaptor AP2 and concomitant receptor internalization. p38-dependent endocytosis of EGFR induced by cytokines was additive to CME induced by picomolar EGF concentrations but constrained to internalizing ligand-free EGFRs due to Grb2 recruitment by ligand-activated EGFRs. Nanomolar EGF concentrations rerouted EGFR from CME to clathrin-independent endocytosis, primarily by diminishing p38-dependent endocytosis.
Etched ion-track membranes as tailored separators in Li–S batteries
Authors: Lee Pui Lap Jacob , Thangavel Vigneshwaran , Guery Claude , Trautmann Christina , Toimil-Molares Maria Eugenia , Morcrette Mathieu
Published: May 2021

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered a promising next generation alternative to lithium-ion batteries for energy storage systems due to its high energy density. However, several challenges, such as the polysulfide redox shuttle causing self-discharge of the battery, remain unresolved. In this paper, we explore the use of polymer etched ion-track membranes as separators in Li–S batteries to mitigate the redox shuttle effect. Compared to commercial separators, their unique advantages lie in their very narrow pore size distribution, and the possibility to tailor and optimize the density, geometry, and diameter of the nanopores in an independent manner. Various polyethylene terephthalate membranes with diameters between 22 and 198 nm and different porosities were successfully integrated into Li–S coin cells. The reported coulombic efficiency of up to 97% with minor reduction in capacity opens a pathway to potentially address the polysulfide redox shuttle in Li–S batteries using tailored membranes.
Modelling of a miniature microwave driven nitrogen plasma jet and comparison to measurements
Authors: Klute Michael , Kemaneci Efe , Porteanu Horia-Eugen , Stefanović Ilija , Heinrich Wolfgang , Awakowicz Peter , Brinkmann Ralf Peter
Published: May 2021

The MMWICP (miniature microwave ICP) is a new plasma source using the induction principle. Recently Klute et al presented a mathematical model for the electromagnetic fields and power balance of the new device. In this work the electromagnetic model is coupled with a global chemistry model for nitrogen, based on the chemical reaction set of Thorsteinsson and Gudmundsson and customized for the geometry of the MMWICP. The combined model delivers a quantitative description for a non-thermal plasma at a pressure of p = 1000 Pa and a gas temperature of T
g = 650–1600 K. Comparison with published experimental data shows a good agreement for the volume averaged plasma parameters at high power, for the spatial distribution of the discharge and for the microwave measurements. Furthermore, the balance of capacitive and inductive coupling in the absorbed power is analyzed. This leads to the interpretation of the discharge regime at an electron density of n
e ≈ 6.4 × 1018 m−3 as E/H-hybridmode with an capacitive and inductive component.
Differentiation between strain and charge mediated magnetoelectric coupling in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3(001)
Authors: Bhatnagar-Schöffmann T , Kentzinger E , Sarkar A , Schöffmann P , Lan Q , Jin L , Kovács A , Grutter A J , Kirby B J , Beerwerth R , Waschk M , Stellhorn A , Rücker U , Dunin-Borkowski R E , Brückel Th
Published: May 2021

Magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 (LSMO/PMN–PT (001)) has been probed in the past years to identify the underlying mechanism behind it. PMN–PT, which is well known for its excellent piezoelectric properties, also exhibits ferroelectricity. This motivates our interest to differentiate which effect is dominant for this ‘voltage control of magnetism’. Here, we present results for the ME coupling at different temperatures: 300 K and 80 K. In this article we discuss and explain, how the nature of ME coupling is influenced by different parameters such as magnetic field, electric field, directional dependence (hard axis, easy axis) and temperature. Owing to large lattice mismatch between LSMO and PMN–PT, the strain-mediated coupling is strongly prevalent, however the change in strain behaviour from butterfly loop to linear loop is observed as a function of temperature. ME measurements are performed along hard axis [100] and easy axis [110] of LSMO in the presence of remanent magnetic field which showcases the pure influence of electric field on the system, resulting in a combination of strain- and charge-mediated coupling. The magnetic depth profile is probed by polarized neutron reflectometry as a function of electric field which demonstrates the existence of an interlayer with reduced nuclear scattering length density and reduced magnetic scattering length density at the interface. From transmission electron microscopy, stoichiometric variations are observed due to the presence of Mn3O4 particles at the interface.
Signatures of self-trapping in the driven-dissipative Bose–Hubbard dimer
Authors: Seclì Matteo , Capone Massimo , Schirò Marco
Published: May 2021

We investigate signatures of a self-trapping transition in the driven-dissipative Bose Hubbard dimer, in presence of incoherent pump and single-particle losses. For fully symmetric couplings the stationary state density matrix is independent of any Hamiltonian parameter, and cannot therefore capture the competition between hopping-induced delocalization and the interaction-dominated self-trapping regime. We focus instead on the exact quantum dynamics of the particle imbalance after the system is prepared in a variety of initial states, and on the frequency-resolved spectral properties of the steady state, as encoded in the single-particle Green’s functions. We find clear signatures of a localization-delocalization crossover as a function of hopping to interaction ratio. We further show that a finite a pump-loss asymmetry restores a delocalization crossover in the steady-state imbalance and leads to a finite intra-dimer dissipation.
Exploring the heat transfer for spherical nanoparticles under electron irradiation
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Lidan , Dambire Ruvarashe F , Zhang Yanlin
Published: May 2021

To explore the thermal effect of an electron beam irradiation during a scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging process, a Monte Carlo (MC) method has been used to calculate the spatial distributions of local temperature rise in a spherical gold (Au) nanoparticle (i.e. Au Nano sphere (Au-NS)). The influencesofthe size of the nanoparticle, incident angle of the primary electron (PE) beam, PE energy and the PE beam size on the heat generation were systematically investigated. First of all, this work verified that Au-NSs with various sizes present different heat capacities under the same condition of the electron irradiation. The smaller the sphere, the less heat is accumulated. Besides, the heat in the periphery of a relatively large Au-NS is less than that inside. As the incident angle increases, the distribution regions of the temperature rise gradually expand from the contact surface deep into the interior and its amount rises proportionately. This rule is the same for an Au-NS with the diameter of 40 nm under various PE energies, but is quite opposite for the case of an Au-NS with the diameter of 5 nm. This study next presents that the PE beam size affects the heat generation in a spherical Au nanoparticle significantly. The distribution of temperature rise specifically shows a gradually reduced intensity towards the larger PE beam size. In addition, this work found that the total electron (TE) line-scan profile inversely relates the temperature contour map. The underlying mechanisms of these results were explained in detail primarily with the analysis of the trajectory of electrons as well as the interaction of electron-solid. This work, on the one side, greatly benefits the study of the relationship between the sample structures and the local thermal effect under the electron irradiation. On the other side, this work provides a further understanding and elucidation of the mechanism of electron-beam-induced deposition, compared to those earlier reports only focusing on plane bulks. It is believed that the proceeding of the semiconductor industry would be significantly promoted by this study.
High-frequency enhancement-mode millimeterwave AlGaN/GaN HEMT with an f
T/f
max over 100 GHz/200 GHz*
Authors: Wu Sheng , Mi Minhan , Ma Xiaohua , Yang Ling , Hou Bin , Hao Yue
Published: May 2021

Ultra-thin barrier (UTB) 4-nm-AlGaN/GaN normally-off high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) having a high current gain cut-off frequency (f
T) are demonstrated by the stress-engineered compressive SiN trench technology. The compressive in-situ SiN guarantees the UTB-AlGaN/GaN heterostructure can operate a high electron density of 1.27 × 1013 cm−2, a high uniform sheet resistance of 312.8 Ω/□, but a negative threshold for the short-gate devices fabricated on it. With the lateral stress-engineering by full removing in-situ SiN in the 600-nm SiN trench, the short-gated (70 nm) devices obtain a threshold of 0.2 V, achieving the devices operating at enhancement-mode (E-mode). Meanwhile, the novel device also can operate a large current of 610 mA/mm and a high transconductance of 394 mS/mm for the E-mode devices. Most of all, a high f
T/f
max of 128 GHz/255 GHz is obtained, which is the highest value among the reported E-mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. Besides, being together with the 211 GHz/346 GHz of f
T/f
max for the D-mode HEMTs fabricated on the same materials, this design of E/D-mode with the realization of f
max over 200 GHz in this work is the first one that can be used in Q-band mixed-signal application with further optimization. And the minimized processing difference between the E- and D-mode designs the addition of the SiN trench, will promise an enormous competitive advantage in the fabricating costs.
Novel evidence for the σ-bond linear-chain molecular structure in 14C *
Authors: Yu Han-zhou , Li Jing , Ye Yan-Lin , Yang Biao , Lin Cheng-Jian , Jia Hui-Ming , Lou Jian-Ling , Yang Xiao-Fei , Baba T. , Li Qi-Te , Ge Yu-Cheng , Li Zhi-Huan , Hua Hui , Xu Jin-Yan , Yang Zai-Hong , Feng Jun , Zang Hong-Liang , Liu Qiang , Jiang Wei , Liu Yang , Li Jing-Jing , Liu Wei , Bai Shi-Wei , Chen Jie , Han Jia-Xing , Chen Jia-Hao , Ma Kai , Wang Dong-Xi , Yang Lei , Ma Nan-Ru , Sun LI-Jie
Published: May 2021

A multi-nucleon transfer and cluster decay experiment,

Li(

B,

C

+

Be)

, is conducted at an incident beam energy of 55 MeV. This reaction channel has a significantly large Q-value, which favors populating the high lying resonant states in

C. The decay paths, from these resonances to various states of the final nucleus

Be, can be selected, owing to the experimentally achieved optimal resolution of the Q-value spectrum. A number of resonant states are reconstructed from the forward emitting

Be +

fragments, and their major molecular structures can be detected according to the selective decay paths and relative decay widths. A state at 22.4(2) MeV validates the previously measured and theoretically predicted band head of the positive-parity

-bond linear-chain molecular band. Two additional resonances at 22.9(2) and 24.2(2) MeV are identified and consistent with the predicted

and

members of the same molecular band, thus providing novel evidences for the existence of the exotic clustering chain structure in neutron-rich carbon isotopes. A few high energy resonances, which also indicate the presence of the

-bond molecular structure, are observed; however, further studies are still required to clarify their ascription in band systematics.
Formation of mixes with specified characteristics from the available small batches of multicomponent mixes, subject to their full use
Authors: Evseev A V , Alekseev A A , Kasatkin G V , Preys V V
Published: May 2021

Methods, decision algorithms and examples of tasks of new mixes formation with the set characteristics from the available small batches of components or mixes are given in this research. This analysis continues previous researches by the authors on the formation of mixes with specified quality characteristics. This article presents a solution technique, algorithms, and corresponding examples of tasks for the formation of new mixtures, provided that some small batches of mixes or components must be spent completely. Technique and technology solutions of these tasks can be of interest and to be demanded in the different industries of production, for example, at production of premixes for livestock production, at preparation of different food mixes, products and additives, medicines, metal powder materials, in construction, in military industry, by production of thixotropic mixes, fertilizers, household chemicals and in many other technology processes.
The estimate of Hertz dipole patterns using finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation for case a layered-inhomogeneous underlying surface
Authors: Yashchenko A S , Krivaltsevich S V
Published: May 2021

The directional characteristics of horizontal Hertz dipole obtained at the result of the modeling process are presented. The elementary emitter was situated near the vertically layered dielectric surface. The vertical heterogeneity corresponded to frozen soil covered with a layer of snow. The modeling considered two types of soils: sandy and loamy clay. We used the finite difference time domain method for modeling. It was found that snow and soil’s properties affect the directional characteristics of the dipole. These results can be used to assess the influence of the underlying surface on the directional characteristics of antennas located on the territory with season snowfall.
Research on Structure-Node Design and Performance of High-Performance Multifunctional Integrated Wall Panel
Authors: Gao Yuxin , Wang Jun , Cheng Baojun , Ma Pengfei , Shi Boyuan
Published: May 2021

A high-performance multifunctional integrated composite wall panel system, which was composed of a high-performance thin-walled large cavity shell and multifunctional core, was proposed in consideration of the advantages of ultrahigh-toughness cement-based composite materials, the standard panel surface density was ≤75 kg/m2, and the minimum ultimate flexural load was 2,333 N/m2, and according to the thermal engineering theory, the heat transfer coefficient of modified polystyrene particles foamed concrete for the multifunctional core was calculated as 0.756W/(m2·K), and that of the designed three-layer (standard panel + 35 mm rock wool+ gypsum plasterboard) composite structure was 0.481W/(m2·K). By combining the characteristics of standard panel, customized exterior wall, sealing, waterproof, and other measures were proposed, and meanwhile, multiple structural combinations were constructed to meet the energy conservation design needs in different climatic regions.
Morphological Characteristics of Sugar Palm [Arenga Pinnata Merr.] Seedling Growth Based on Cotyledon Petiole Position
Authors: Sari A , Anwar A , Dwipa I , Hervani D
Published: May 2021

Sugar palm is a bioenergy plant with great potential in food security, biopolymers, biofuel, and herbal medicine. Sugar palm seed germination is indicated by the appearance of cotyledon petiole, where there are several different positions. Morphological characteristics of sugar palm seeds at various positions of cotyledon petiole are not currently available. This research aimed to study the morphology characters of sugar palm seedlings with different cotyledon petiole positions. The research applied Experiment in Completely Random Design with four treatments, each repeated three times. The four treatments are the cotyledon petiole position, namely P1: cotyledon petiole in right-center, P2: cotyledon petiole in left-center, P3: cotyledon petiole in left-bottom, and P4: cotyledon petiole in right-bottom. The results showed that morphologically, there was no significant difference in the sugar palm seedling growth with each cotyledon petiole position [256 DAS]. Range of seed height 47,63-57,50 cm, range number of leaf midribs 2-3,33, range of primary root length 13,73-21,76 cm and, range of secondary root length 28,60-44,26 cm.
Different pH levels medium effects in IAA production of phylloplane bacterium Serratia plymuthica strain UBCF_13
Authors: Wandira T A , Aisyah S N , Oktavioni M , Fatiah R , Jamsari J
Published: May 2021

Indole-3-acetic acid [IAA] is the main source of auxin in plants that plays a major role in controlling various physiological processes. The ability of bacterium in IAA biosynthesis depends on several environmental factors, usually triggered by acidic stresses. This study was aimed to optimize the IAA production by phylloplane bacterium Serratiaplymuthica strain UBCF_13 with various pH levels. Optimization was carried out by using 0.2% L-Tryptophan in Luria Bertani[LB] media with various pH levels namely pH 4.0; 4.5; 5.0; 5.5; 6.0; 6.5; 7.0 and 9.0. UBCF_13 showed the best IAA production at pH 6.0 and 0.2% L-Tryptophan exhibited IAA concentration in the amount of 24.13 ppm. The UBCF_13 extracellular protein profile analysis showed that at pH 6.0 induced L-Tryptophan 0.2% produced protein bands of 60.8 kDa and 45 kDa in size. These protein bands are assumed to be ipdC and nitrilase proteins which are involved in the IAA biosynthesis. The application of IAA was carried out using chili peppers [Capsicum annuum L.] germination of the Lotanbar genotype. The application was using supernatant produced from media of pH 6.0 and 0.2% L-Tryptophan. The results show that root and hypocotyl lengths were 4.10 cm and 2.90 cm, respectively. Meanwhile, root and hypocotyl lengths in the control sample only 2.78 cm and 1.88 cm. The results indicated that the IAA production of UBCF_13 can promote the growth of chili seedling. A further detailed study on the visualization of protein profiles at the optimum treatment needs to be done. Two-DimensionalElectrophoresis is recommended to be applied so that protein bands can be accurately separated to identify detailed proteins involved in the IAA biosynthesis.
Fruit picking time and fruit characteristics of the F2 population of local okra [Abelmoschus esculentus [L.] Moench] crosses with introduced variety
Authors: Hayati P K D , Mandwi M Y , Martinsyah R H , Sutoyo S
Published: May 2021

Okra attains its best fruit quality when the pods are still tender. The previous research reported that the crosses of the local okra, i.e. okra Merah and okra Hijau with introduced variety VE022 and B291 success to obtain plants with extended picking time. This research aimed to evaluate the fruit picking time and fruit characteristics of the F2 population and obtain the F2 genotypes that have a more extended fruit picking time. The research was conducted at the Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. The materials used are seeds collected from selfed-pollination of ten crosses [F2 populations] and okra Merah and okra Hijau cultivar as a control. Data collected based on an individual observation, and then the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and unpaired t-test at a 5% significance level. Results showed that a particular plant from the F2 population has a more extended picking time of up to nine days after anthesis, indicating improved fruit quality characters, i.e. fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit weight. Plants obtained with a longer fruit picking time of nine and eight days after anthesis are 14.4% and 67.0%, respectively. Selected plants, i.e. FOHVE022-8-13, SOMVE022-10-1, and FOHVE022-8-13 that consistently reveal a high number of fruits per plant, larger fruit size, and heavier fruit weight, need to be self-pollinated and evaluated in further research before releasing as a variety.
Predation of Phidippus sp [Araneae: Salticidae] on Nilaparvata lugens [Hemiptera: Delphacidae] at different densities
Authors: Syahrawati M , Hermanda A , Arneti A , Darnetty D
Published: May 2021

Phidippus sp. (Araneae: Salticidae) is often found in rice field and has potency as the natural enemy of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). The study aimed to know the predation of Phidippus sp on N. lugens in laboratory. The study used a Completely Randomized Design consisting of five treatments and five replications. The treatments were the difference of N. lugens densities of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50. Phidippus sp was collected from rice fields around Padang City, while N. lugens used was 2nd-3rd instar of nymphs reared in laboratory. The results showed that Phidippus sp has potency for controlling the BPH population. The predation tended to increase with increasing N. lugens density, but the percentage of predation and weight gain decreased. Phidippus sp was able to consume prey provided to a maximum of 96.0%. The increasing density shortened the time needed by Phidippus sp to find prey. The shortest time to find the first prey and the highest number of predation occurred at 50 individuals of N.lugens provided (1.99 minutes for 28.2 individuals preyed) but in lowest percentage of predation and weight gain (56.4% and 0.0004 g/day respectively). The functional response of Phidippus sp was logarithmic with a weak to strong correlation (r = 0.515).
Tofu and Tempeh, the Mostly Sources of Phytoestrogens in Minangkabau Premenopausal Women Ethnicity
Authors: Desmawati D , Fasrini U U , Lestari Y , Afriwardi A , Sulastri D
Published: May 2021

Phytoestrogens are estrogen-like substances that come from outside the body, especially from plants. Phytoestrogens can bind to estrogen receptors, causing estrogen-like effects. Consumption of phytoestrogens in premenopausal women may help estrogen function due to decreased production. This study aims to determine the source of phytoestrogens consumed by Minangkabau ethnic premenopausal women. This study used a cross-sectional design conducted on 127 premenopausal women in Padang City, West Sumatra. Data on the intake of source food ingredients were taken through guided interviews using a semiquantitative-food frequent questionnaire (SQ_FFQ). According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) guidelines, the amount of phytoestrogen intake is calculated manually. The study results show five groups of food ingredients containing phytoestrogens most consumed by premenopausal women of Minangkabau ethnicity. It were tofu (97.62 grams/day); fish (70.7 grams/day); oranges (35.36 grams/day); potatoes (34 grams/day), and tempeh (23.3 grams/day). Meanwhile, most food sources of phytoestrogens are tofu (containing 19.26 mg of phytoestrogens / day), tempeh (15.6 mg / day), pure soybean milk (0.04 mg / day) and fish (0.1 mg / day). It can be concluded that tofu and tempeh are food sources of phytoestrogens that are mostly consumed by premenopausal women of Minangkabau ethnicity in Padang City.
Implementation of cropping patterns for improving paddy planting index
Authors: Rusmawan Dede , Muzammil  , Ahmadi  , Wibawa dan Wahyu
Published: May 2021

The development of cropping patterns is very important to support the increase in the rice cropping index to increase production. Efforts to increase the rice cropping index are based on the availability of superfast varieties which can increase the rice cropping index in rainfed lowland and dry land. The study design was a randomized block design. This study was conducted with 2 cropping patterns, namely 1) paddy-paddy-paddy using Inpari 24, Inpari 31, and Inpari 34 varieties; and 2) paddy-peanut-paddy using Inpari 31 and Inpari 34 varieties, while the peanut variety used are Talam 2. The method of analysis of the results of the assessment is carried out with descriptive and explanative methods for the socio-economic aspects. While the technical aspects, the data collected will be analyzed using ANOVA analysis, and further testing is carried out using the LSD test at the 5% level. The results of the study show that the development of paddy-paddy-paddy and paddy-peanut-paddy cropping patterns can be carried out well if there is sufficient water availability. The use of paddy-paddy-paddy cropping patterns must be supported by the availability of early-age paddy seeds and sufficient water availability. The cropping pattern for paddy-peanut-paddy using peanut Talam 2 variety. Fromaneconomicaspect is more feasible than the paddy-paddy-paddy, but cropping pattern with a size of R / C 2.03. In terms of advantages, the paddy-paddy-paddy cropping pattern has a greater advantage than the paddy-peanut-paddycroppingpattern.
Genetic variability of Citrus spp. in Cibinong germplasm garden using random amplified polymorphic DNA
Authors: Anggraheni Y G D , Mulyaningsih E S , Priadi D
Published: May 2021

The preservation and protection of citrus plant germplasms can be done in-situ and ex-situ. Germplasm garden LIPI, Cibinong was built as a local fruit plant garden. The field management also carries out seed propagation and dissemination. This study aims to reveal the genetic diversity of citrus collections and used them as a database for plant breeding and protection activities. This research was conducted at the Agronomy Laboratory for Evaluation of Biotechnology Products-LIPI. Genetic analysis was performed using RAPD techniques, and the resulting data were processed using PowerMarkerver 3.25 and PASTver 3.25 programs. The results showed that seven genetic materials for citrus analyzed with 15 RAPD primers resulted in the mean number of alleles, frequency of main alleles, and heterozygosity are 7.33, 0.49, and 1, respectively. All primers had a PIC value > 0.5, meaning they had high information in fingerprinting research on citrus plant genetic diversity, with an average gene diversity of 0.71. Principal coordinates analysis [PCoA] and clustering obtained two groups with a 0.70 similarity coefficient. Garut and Siam Pontianak have the closest relationship [92% similarity]. On the other hand, the farthest genetic relationship is between Bali and Keprok Batu-55, with a similarity index value of 52%.
Growth dynamics of mold-yeast and bacteria during the production process of saga tauco [Adenanthera pavonina]
Authors: Amar A , Makosim S , Sukotjo S , Ahadiyanti N , Weisman E
Published: May 2021

Sagabean as a plant protein source, Sagabean has not been used by society. Several studies regarding Sagabean being a food product have been initiated. Sagabean can be used as tauco. The study was to observe the growth dynamics of microbe in Sagabean tauco during the production process. The manufacturing of Sagabean tauco was the same as making of soybean tauco. It was soaking, boiling pealing, soaking overnight, followed by steaming, and inoculating with tempe starter. Saga tempe was crushed then mixed with glutinous rice flour that had been roasted. After drying, it was put in the brine solution for fermentation. The observation were total microbes, total yeast-mold, total lactic acids bacteria, total protein, total dissolved solids, total acid, pH value, and ash content. The aim of this research was to see the relationship between the presence of microorganisms and their metabolic processes during tauco production. The result showed that the total number of microbes had increased during the fermentation process until a certain period, then it was constant and decreased according to the growth curve of microorganisms in general. For yeast and molds being relatively fluctuating and tending to increase. This seemed to relate to the presence of halophilic microorganisms in the product. Regarding the pH of the product during fermentation, it had a relevant value, while the ash content experienced a fluctuating value. If it had been related to the presence of microorganisms, the metabolism of the existing microorganisms would have affected the chemical properties of the saga tauco.
The occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda attack on maize in West Pasaman District, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Sari S P , Suliansyah I , Nelly N , Hamid H
Published: May 2021

Maize [Zea mays] is the third most important cereal crop in Asian countries after rice and wheat. In Indonesia, maize is the second food crop after rice. One of the main problems in corn cultivation is pests. Spodoptera frugiperda [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae] is the major pest of maize and polyphagous insect pest attacking more than 80 crops. This study aims to determine the occurrence of heavy by the S. frugiperda in West Pasaman District, West Sumatra. The research method used in this study was a survey or sampling. The results showed that there was a severe attack of a new invasive pest, S. frugiperda on maize crops in West Pasaman. The attack rate of S. frugiperda in West Pasaman District was classified as high, reaching 100.00% at the age of 40 days after planting. Maize was severely damaged in the early stages phase vegetative of maize [approximately 40 days after planting], with 100% of maize infested and each plant was occupied by one until two medium or large larvae. Its means, the vegetative phase is a phase that is vulnerable to the S. frugiperda attack of maize. The high intensity of S. frugiperda attacks is also caused by several factors, like variety, spacing, types of plants around maize fields, and when farmers used pest and disease control techniques. Even a severe attack can cause the maize to fail to grow. This new invasive pest can threaten maize production in Indonesia. Therefore, further research is needed regarding this new invasive pest, S. frugiperda.
Application of Trichoderma viridae with organic fertilizers as carrier for controlling Sclerotium rolfsii disease in chili
Authors: Nurbailis N , Martinius M , Liswarni Y
Published: May 2021

Stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is the main disease in chili plants that is difficult to control. The objectives of this study were: 1] to obtain the type of organic fertilizer that can increase the population of T. viridae, 2] to determine its effectiveness in controlling S. rolfsii that causes stem rot disease, and 3] to improve the growth of chili plants. This study consisted of two stages, which were mass propagation of T. viridae in various organic fertilizers to increase its population before application to the rhizosphere of chili plants and the testing of the effectiveness of T. viridae to control stem rot and improve the growth of chili plants. The research was arranged in a Randomized Block Design consisting of four treatments with six replications within treatments. The treatments were various organic fertilizers, including cow manure, chicken manure, crop residue compost, and control. The variables observed were the population of T. viridae in each organic fertilizer after 15 days of incubation and the attack rate of chili stem rot [incubation period, disease severity, and plant growth]. The results showed that the crop residue compost was the best medium for increasing the density of T. viridae conidia and propagules. Crop residue compost was also the best in suppressing stem rot disease caused by S. rolfsii, as well as in increasing the growth of chili plants.
The Effects of Biochar and Manure on Some Soil Characteristics and Growth of Garlic [Allium Sativum L.] on Ultisols
Authors: Yulnafatmawita  , Zakir Z , Refdinal  , Farda E
Published: May 2021

Ultisol is a soil type having high clay content and low OM, therefore it has limited aeration and drainage. Generally, the soil is not conducive for plant growth, especially for tuber crops. Organic matter is known as a soil ameliorant because it can improve soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. Besides manure having widely used, another OM source is biochar which can stay for a long time in soil. This research was aimed to improve the soil properties of Ultisols and the growth of garlic [Allium sativum] by applying biochar and manure. The research was conducted using a pot trial with 9 treatments and 3 replications, the treatment units were allocated based on a completely randomized design [CRD]. The data have statistically analyzed the variance [F test] and then continued using HSD at a 5% level of significance. The results showed the highest soil moisture level was found on 6:2:2 and the highest level for OC was on 7:2:1 for soil:biochar: manure composition. The biochar and manure could improve soil moisture [by 37%] and organic carbon [by 564%] content of Ultisols compared to the control. However, crop height and leaf number of garlic were not yet affected by the ameliorants on the 6th week after planting.
Molecular diversity of Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (PepYLCV) Infecting Capsicum annuum in West Sumatra
Authors: Cania D , Nova B , Runifah T , Hidayati R , Anwar A , Jamsari J
Published: May 2021

In recent years, Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Disease (PepYLCD) is one of the most common diseases affecting chili cultivation in Indonesia, including West Sumatra. In 2019, Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (PepYLCV) damaged chili plants and have lost yields of up to 100%. The controlling of this PepYLCV that has been carried out so far is less effective because the virus often mutates. In 2019, PepYLCV damaged the chili crop and resulted in 100% yield loss. The controls that have been done so far are less effective, especially because the virus mutates frequently. Genome editing is one of the solutions to control the PepYLCV attacks. For that purpose, information of the genome sequence of the PepYLCV is necessary. This study was aimed to obtain the size of the PepYLCV-APWS genome and the differences in its genomic sequence characteristics with other PepYLCV isolates in West Sumatra. The results showed that PepYLCV has a genome size of 2743 bp. This PepYLCV-APWS isolate had molecular diversity with two other isolates from West Sumatra, PepYLCV TDWS and PepYLCV PSSWS respectively 91% and 92%.
In silico: Coat Protein of PepYLCV-APWS
Authors: Runifah T , Nova B , Tjong D H , Jamsari J
Published: May 2021

Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Diseases [PepYLCD] one of the most damaging diseases in pepper and chili caused by a geminivirus. The coat protein of geminivirus plays an important role in encapsidation of the virus genome and also as a transmission mediator. This research aimed to predict the 3D structure and binding site of coat protein pepper leaf curl virus isolate Alahan Panjang, West Sumatera [PepYLCV-APWS]. The prediction was using swiss-model and chimera software for protein modeling. Furthermore, this study will be helpful to understand the similarity and the molecular-interaction to develop robust resistant strategies against geminiviruses in the nearby future.
Induction of gene expression and chitinolytic activities of putative chitinase gene bacteria Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13
Authors: Rohinda R , Aisyah S N , Oktavioni M , Fatiah R , Jamsari J
Published: May 2021

The most dominant disease that causes low production of chili in Indonesia is anthracnose. Anthracnose disease is caused by the pathogenic fungi called Colletotrichum sp. The control of anthracnose disease can be done by using bio fungicides which can be developed from the class of enzymes that degrade pathogenic fungal cell walls. These enzymes are known as hydrolase enzymes, one of which is Chitinase. Chitinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of chitin polymer compounds in β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Chitin is a polymer compound that makes up the fungal cell wall. Chitinolytic bacteria can produce chitinase enzymes. S. plymuthica bacteria produce chitinase enzyme, one of which is putative chitinase [Chi_Put]. The purpose of this study was to express the Chi_Put gene from S. plymuthica UBCF_13 in pGEM-T Easy vector using Escherichia coli BL21 and to test the chitinolytic activity of Chi_Put in degrading chitin in-vitro. Chi_Put gene expression was induced by IPTG and in combination with Mg2+ and Cu2+ metal ions. The highest gene expression was marked by the thickest protein band on the SDS-PAGE visualization with a molecular weight of 47 kDa, namely in the treatment of expression induction with IPTG plus Mg2+ metal ion. The chitinolytic activity of Chi_Put UBCF_13 was tested using solid LB media containing 3% colloidal chitin. The longest clear zone diameter on the last day of observation was the expression induction treatment with Mg2+ with a length of 2.90 cm.
Searching for indigenous rhizobacteria from Solok Radjo coffee orchard at Aie Dingin, West Sumatera
Authors: Chaniago I , Resti Z , Yunita R , Harefa M N , Siregar S R A
Published: May 2021

The coffee plant has been cultivated for a hundred years and is known for its use as a beverage that is widely accepted around the globe. Most of the coffee orchard in Indonesia has been managed conventionally and need to be improved to get a better quality of growth and yield. This experiment was conducted from July to November 2020 and aimed at identifying rhizobacteria associated with coffee plant rhizosphere that later can be applied to stimulate the early growth of coffee seedlings. The soil sample was collected from the Solok Radjo coffee orchard [var. Sigagar Utang] of Nagari Aie Dingin, Alahan Panjang, Municipality of Solok, the Province of West Sumatera Four different conditions of coffee orchard were chosen for this experiment according to plant ages and soil fertility. They were 2-year-old and 6-year-old coffee plants with health and less healthy plant growth. One gram of soil was mixed with distilled water and was diluted prior to being cultured in Nutrient Agar media for 48 hours at ambient temperature. Bacterial colonies went through series of re-culture until pure isolate was obtained and were observed for their morphological and physiological characters. Most of the isolates responded negatively to a hypersensitive reaction test that brings about their potential to promote the growth of coffee plants. In contrast, phytotoxic activity was observed in 2 isolates of rhizobacteria collected from the 6-year-old coffee orchard with less healthy plant growth. This experiment found 46 isolates of rhizobacteria indigenous to coffee orchard var. Sigagar UtangFuture research needs to be directed to investigate the physiological characters of the rhizobacteria before application to the coffee plants.
Cloning and expression of Bacillus thuringiensis cry1B in Escherichia coli strain NiCo21
Authors: Nugroho S , Sembiring E R , Rachmat A , Koesharyoto W
Published: May 2021

Bacillus thuringiensis produces crystal proteins, known as Cry proteins, that are toxic to certain target insects. The cry1B gene from B. thuringiensis was reported to be effective against the rice yellow stem borer [YSB, Scirpophaga incertulas]. The gene has been introduced into a Javanica rice cv Rojolele, by Agrobacterium mediated method, to improve its resistance against the Lepidopteran insect pest. To comply with the regulation for future release, food, and feed safety tests need to be performed, which involves characterization of the toxicity and allergenicity of the introduced Cry1B protein. In this experiment, the cry1B gene was cloned into pJ804:77539 expression vector to produce Cry1B protein under the pRHA promoter fused to a 6xHis tag to produce pJ804: cry1B. Expression of Cry1B protein was performed in Escherichia coli strain NiCo21 and was able to be detected by Western Blot using the anti-rabbit Cry1B polyclonal antibody and anti-His Detector. The results indicated that plasmid pJ804:cry1B expressed Cry1B in E. coli Nico21 and the system could be used to produce Cry1B protein for future studies.
Growth response of four accessions of Moringa oleifera Linn shoots cultured on various basic media
Authors: Rudiyanto  , Purwito A , Efendi D , Ermayanti T M
Published: May 2021

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Linn) has a highly considerable nutritional value. The conventional propagation of Moringa has limitation. Propagation through tissue culture offers uniform transplants, and free of pests and diseases. Selection of basic medium is a critical point to find out the best medium compositions for micropropagation. The research was aimed to investigate growth response of M. oleifera shoots cultured on several basic media. The experimental design was factorial complete random design with two factors i.e. types of basic medium (MS, WPM, DKW, NN, and B5) in combination with accessions of M. oleifera: Bogor, Pekalongan, Bima and Blora. Each treatment consisted of 12 replicates. The growth variables observed were shoot height, number of shoots, number of petioles, number of roots, fresh weight, dry weight of plantlets, and plantlet performance. The growth observation was carried out every week. The results showed that type of basic medium significantly affected shoot height, number of petioles, fresh weight, dry weight, and number of shoots, but, it did not significantly affect the number of roots. The accessions significantly affected shoot height, number of petioles, number of roots, fresh weight, and dry weight, but, did not significantly affect number of shoots. The ANOVA showed an interaction between basic medium in combination with accessions on all growth variables observed. The highest shoot height (13,97 cm), number of petioles (12,33), and number of roots (8.33) were achieved on DKW basic medium on Bima and Pekalongan accessions, while the highest number of shoots (6.33) was found in NN medium.
Molecular identification of Uncaria gambir [Hunter] Roxb. through DNA barcoding
Authors: Wardi E S , Syukur S , Chaidir Z , Jamsari J , Verawati  , Mukti S K
Published: May 2021

Gambir [Uncaria gambir [Hunter] Roxb.] is an important source of traditional medicinal from West Sumatera. Different types of this plant give different catechin content as one of the active compounds. The identification of the correct species and types are important for quality control of medicinal materials. The internal transcribed spacer [ITS] of nuclear ribosomal DNA is one of the most commonly used DNA markers in plant phylogenetic and DNA barcoding analyses, and it has been recommended as a core plant DNA barcode. Four types of gambir [Riau Gadang, Mancik, Cubadak, and Udang] and ITS barcode named ITS4 and ITS5 were used in this study. This barcode gives 100% amplification efficiency and length of products 592-690 bp. variation sites detected for gambir Cubadak and gambir Riau Gadang. The results are able to discriminate 2 types in Uncaria gambir [Hunter] Roxb. Species which are essential for the investigation of adulterants and misidentifications of gambir.
Culture medium optimization for Indole-3-Acetic Acid production by Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13
Authors: Yusfi L A , Tjong D H , Chaniago I , Jamsari J
Published: May 2021

Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 is one of the bacteria that can increase plant growth [plant growth-promoting bacteria] by producing IAA [Indole-3-Acetic Acid]. S. plymuthica UBCF_13 is a strain of Andalas University Biotechnology Laboratory Collection which can produce IAA and increase the growth of Solanaceae plants. Optimization of culture media needs to be analyzed to increase IAA production on UBCF_13. Optimization can be done by adding tryptophan as a precursor, using various types of media, adding wall affecting agents, and certain metal ions. In this study, optimization was carried out by testing the type of media [TSB, NB, YM, and King’s B], adding tryptophan [0, 100, 200, 300 μg/mL], differences in pH [5, 6, 7, 8], giving wall affecting agent [SDS 0.1 μg / mL, EDTA 0.1 μg/mL], and metal ions [Ca, Fe, K, Mg at a concentration of 0.05% and 0.1%]. The highest IAA production was obtained in the combination treatment of YM media and tryptophan 300 μg/mL. Meanwhile, the treatment of differences in pH and wall affecting agents did not have a significant effect on the increase in the production of IAA UBCF_13. Testing of metal types on IAA production showed that calcium was able to increase the production of IAA UBCF_13 by 12-14 μg/mL. Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 produced the highest IAA on YM media combined with the addition of 300 μg/mL of tryptophan and 0.1% calcium ion.