bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Carbon Emission Efficiency in the Construction Industry Based on the Super-Efficient Slacks-Based Measure Model: A Case Study at the Provincial Level in China
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhang Ying , Chen Yunjie , Wang Jinpeng , Zhao Lilin , Chen Min
Published: August 2023

Rapid urbanization and an increasing carbon footprint have underscored the need for sustainable practices in the construction industry. With the aim of prioritizing global sustainable development, the measurement of carbon emission efficiency in the construction industry (CEECI) has emerged as a critical indicator. Nevertheless, a comprehensive exploration of carbon emission efficiency within the Chinese construction sector remains limited, despite the pressing demand to mitigate carbon emissions. To address this research gap, this study aims to provide valuable policy recommendations for effectively reducing carbon emissions. We conducted a thorough assessment of both the total carbon emissions and the carbon emission intensity in 30 provinces and cities across China from 2010 to 2020. Utilizing the slacks-based measure (SBM) model with non-desired outputs, we evaluated the static CEECI, including the spatial correlation analysis and the evaluation of the carbon reduction potential in the construction industry (CRPCI). Additionally, the dynamic CEECI was quantified using the Malmquist–Luenberger (ML) index model, followed by an index decomposition analysis. The findings reveal several noteworthy insights: (1) There exists a positive correlation between carbon emissions in the construction industry and the economic scale. Generally, less developed areas (e.g., central and western regions of China) exhibit higher levels of carbon emission intensity (CEICI), while more developed areas (e.g., eastern regions of China) demonstrate lower levels of CEICI. (2) The CEECI across various provinces and cities demonstrates a clear spatial positive autocorrelation, while the CRPCI exhibits a negative correlation with the CEECI, with larger CRPCI values observed predominantly in western China. (3) Technological progress (MLTC) emerges as a crucial factor influencing the CEECI in our dynamic analysis. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers to develop focused strategies to effectively mitigate carbon emissions nationwide.
Enhancing Mortar Properties through Thermoactivated Recycled Concrete Cement
Authors: Getachew Ephrem Melaku , Yifru Begashaw Worku , Taffese Woubishet Zewdu , Yehualaw Mitiku Damtie
Published: August 2023

The effects of thermoactivated recycled concrete cement (TARC) on mortar as a partial replacement for cement was examined. TARC is derived from concrete waste through a series of processes. Different mortar mixtures were tested, ranging from 0% to 50% TARC in 10% increments. A comprehensive range of tests was conducted to assess the properties of the mortar, including fresh, mechanical, microstructure, and durability evaluations. The fresh test indicated that the incorporation of TARC impacted the flow of mortar, leading to reduced workability as the percentage of replacement increased. Regarding mechanical performance, using 20% TARC resulted in improved compressive strength, bulk density, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). Microstructural analysis using thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the TARC mix exhibited advantageous thermal properties, enhanced FTIR spectra, and a denser microstructure, thereby enhancing the durability of the mortar. Overall, substituting OPC with TARC significantly reduces the carbon footprint associated with cement production, promoting sustainability and contributing to a circular economy in the construction industry.
Analysis of Arch Forming Factors of Shallow Buried Hard Rock Tunnel under Overlying Load
Authors: Cao Lixue , Cui Wentai , Qin Zhe , Xu Rui , Wang Tongtong , Liu Yanbing
Published: August 2023

To investigate the arching effect of shallow buried hard rock tunnels under overlying load, the engineering scenario of a subway station on Qingdao Metro Line 6 is utilized. A large-scale tunnel loading model test is conducted, in conjunction with finite element numerical simulations, to analyze the impact of various overburden ratios on strata arching. The results show that: when the tunnel excavation span is certain, with an increase in the overlying rock mass, the stress diffusion process of the surrounding rock can be better accomplished to form the arch effect. This means that the thickness of the overburden of the tunnel determines whether or not the surrounding rock appears to have a stratified arch effect. When the tunnel overlying rock thickness is certain, the span of the tunnel determines the shape of the formation into an arch, that is, the curvature of the arch. The joint surface is an important factor in tunnel stability. When the overlying load increases to a certain value, the rock mass at the joint plane slips relatively, leading to the displacement phenomenon of the surrounding rock, which then affects the formation and shape of the formation arch.
Towards Intergenerational Transfer to Raise Awareness about the Benefits and Co-Benefits of Energy Retrofits in Residential Buildings
Authors: Crespo Sánchez Eva , López Plazas Fabian , Onecha Pérez Belén , Marmolejo-Duarte Carlos
Published: August 2023

The LES Project (LES-Llavor Energètica i Salut. Del cole a casa i a la societat, in English: Energy and Health Seed. From school to home and society) is seen as an opportunity to increase the visibility of the role of science and women scientists in their actual contexts and to present architectural research as essential in mitigating climate change and improving people’s health. The goal of this research was to reach the greatest range of people possible through intergenerational transfer. However, the main receptors and drivers were students aged between 8 and 10 years old who were responsible for transmitting energy and environmental conditioning concepts and their interrelations with strategic performance in buildings. Awareness was raised through scientific workshops implemented in primary schools that had energy and air quality deficiencies and opportunities, and the concepts were extrapolated to housing. Two schools in different socioeconomic districts (vulnerable and middle-income families) were selected as a strategy to provide details about the perceptions of energy benefits in both schools’ families. The results of the experience were highly satisfactory. Children from 8 to 10 years old were interested and ready to understand and transfer key concepts about energy efficiency and health improvement through the transformation of the buildings surrounding them. The dissemination of the project and social awareness reached the primary students of the two schools selected for the project and the entire educational community (students, teachers, families and all of society). Currently, we are working on a second stage that will allow for a broad volume of replicability of the workshops, with schoolteachers taking the lead in these actions. For this purpose, LES has the support of the Department of Education of the Generalitat de Catalunya.
Carbonized Melamine Cyanurate as a Palladium Catalyst Support for the Dehydrogenation of N-heterocyclic Compounds in LOHC Technology
Authors: Koskin Anton P. , Larichev Yurii V. , Stepanenko Sergey A. , Dubinin Yury V. , Ayupov Artem B. , Saraev Andrey A. , Suprun Evgeny A. , Yeletsky Petr M.
Published: August 2023

In this work, the use of graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with improved texture characteristics for the synthesis of supported palladium catalysts of dehydrogenation of nitrogen-containing heterocycles was studied. This process is key to the creation of liquid organic carrier technology (LOHC) using N-heterocycles as reversibly hydrogenated/dehydrogenated substrates. For the preparation of graphite-like carbon nitride supports with advanced textural characteristics, well-established technology of the melamine cyanurate complex carbonization and standard techniques of adsorption precipitation together with wet impregnation were used for the synthesis of Pd-containing systems. The activity of the synthesized catalysts was studied in decahydroquinoline dehydrogenation. The high weight content of extractable hydrogen (7.2 wt%) and the high extraction rate, respectively, make it possible to consider these substances as the most promising N-heterocyclic compounds for this technology. It was shown that an increase in the specific surface area of g-C3N4 allows for achieving a slightly lower but comparable fineness of palladium particles for the 1 wt% Pd/MCA-500 sample, compared to the standard 1 wt% Pd/C. In this case, the catalytic activity of 1 wt% Pd/MCA-500 in the dehydrogenation of both substrates exceeded the analogous parameter for catalysts supported by nitrogen-free supports. This regularity is presumably associated with the electron-donor effect of surface nitrogen, which favorably affects the dehydrogenation rate as well as the stability of catalytic systems.
Revisiting Circulating Extracellular Matrix Fragments as Disease Markers in Myelofibrosis and Related Neoplasms
Authors: Hasselbalch Hans Carl , Junker Peter , Skov Vibe , Kjær Lasse , Knudsen Trine A. , Larsen Morten Kranker , Holmström Morten Orebo , Andersen Mads Hald , Jensen Christina , Karsdal Morten A. , Willumsen Nicholas
Published: August 2023

Philadelphia chromosome-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) arise due to acquired somatic driver mutations in stem cells and develop over 10–30 years from the earliest cancer stages (essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera) towards the advanced myelofibrosis stage with bone marrow failure. The JAK2V617F mutation is the most prevalent driver mutation. Chronic inflammation is considered to be a major pathogenetic player, both as a trigger of MPN development and as a driver of disease progression. Chronic inflammation in MPNs is characterized by persistent connective tissue remodeling, which leads to organ dysfunction and ultimately, organ failure, due to excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Considering that MPNs are acquired clonal stem cell diseases developing in an inflammatory microenvironment in which the hematopoietic cell populations are progressively replaced by stromal proliferation—“a wound that never heals”—we herein aim to provide a comprehensive review of previous promising research in the field of circulating ECM fragments in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of MPNs. We address the rationales and highlight new perspectives for the use of circulating ECM protein fragments as biologically plausible, noninvasive disease markers in the management of MPNs.
NOTCH and AKT Signalling Interact to Drive Mammary Tumour Heterogeneity
Authors: Ordonez Liliana , Tornillo Giusy , Kendrick Howard , Hay Trevor , Smalley Matthew John
Published: August 2023

A better understanding of the mechanisms generating tumour heterogeneity will allow better targeting of current therapies, identify potential resistance mechanisms and highlight new approaches for therapy. We have previously shown that in genetically modified mouse models carrying conditional oncogenic alleles, mammary tumour histotype varies depending on the combination of alleles, the cell type to which they are targeted and, in some cases, reproductive history. This suggests that tumour heterogeneity is not a purely stochastic process; rather, differential activation of signalling pathways leads to reproducible differences in tumour histotype. We propose the NOTCH signalling pathway as one such pathway. Here, we have crossed conditional knockout Notch1 or Notch2 alleles into an established mouse mammary tumour model. Notch1/2 deletion had no effect on tumour-specific survival; however, loss of Notch alleles resulted in a dose-dependent increase in metaplastic adenosquamous carcinomas (ASQCs). ASQCs and adenomyoepitheliomas (AMEs) also demonstrated a significant increase in AKT signalling independent of Notch status. Therefore, the NOTCH pathway is a suppressor of the ASQC phenotype, while increased PI3K/AKT signalling is associated with ASQC and AME tumours. We propose a model in which PI3K/AKT and NOTCH signalling act interact to determine mouse mammary tumour histotype.
Cost–Utility Analysis of Open Radical Hysterectomy Compared to Minimally Invasive Radical Hysterectomy for Early-Stage Cervical Cancer
Authors: Michaan Nadav , Leshno Moshe , Fire Gil , Safra Tamar , Rosenberg Michal , Peleg-Hasson Shira , Grisaru Dan , Laskov Ido
Published: August 2023

We aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of open surgery, compared to minimally invasive radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer, using updated survival data. Costs and utilities of each surgical approach were compared using a Markovian decision analysis model. Survival data stratified by surgical approach and surgery costs were received from recently published data. Average costs were discounted at 3%. The value of health benefits for each strategy was calculated using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, calculated using the formula (average cost minimal invasive surgery—average cost open surgery)/(average QALY minimal invasive surgery—average QALY open surgery), was used for cost-effectiveness analysis. One-way sensitivity analysis was conducted for all variables. Open radical hysterectomy was found to be cost-saving compared to minimally invasive surgery with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of USD −66 and USD −373 for laparoscopic and robotic surgery, respectively. The most influential parameters in the model were surgery costs, followed by the disutility involved with open surgery. Until further data are generated regarding the survival of patients with early-stage cervical cancer treated by minimally invasive surgery, at current pricing, open radical hysterectomy is cost-saving compared to minimally invasive radical hysterectomy, both laparoscopic and robotic.
Antagonizing MDM2 Overexpression Induced by MDM4 Inhibitor CEP-1347 Effectively Reactivates Wild-Type p53 in Malignant Brain Tumor Cells
Authors: Mitobe Yuta , Suzuki Shuhei , Nakagawa-Saito Yurika , Togashi Keita , Sugai Asuka , Sonoda Yukihiko , Kitanaka Chifumi , Okada Masashi
Published: August 2023

The development of MDM4 inhibitors as an approach to reactivating p53 in human cancer is attracting increasing attention; however, whether they affect the function of MDM2 and how they interact with MDM2 inhibitors remain unknown. We addressed this question in the present study using CEP-1347, an inhibitor of MDM4 protein expression. The effects of CEP-1347, the genetic and/or pharmacological inhibition of MDM2, and their combination on the p53 pathway in malignant brain tumor cell lines expressing wild-type p53 were investigated by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. The growth inhibitory effects of CEP-1347 alone or in combination with MDM2 on inhibition were examined by dye exclusion and/or colony formation assays. The treatment of malignant brain tumor cell lines with CEP-1347 markedly increased MDM2 protein expression, while blocking CEP-1347-induced MDM2 overexpression by genetic knockdown augmented the effects of CEP-1347 on the p53 pathway and cell growth. Blocking the MDM2–p53 interaction using the small molecule MDM2 inhibitor RG7112, but not MDM2 knockdown, reduced MDM4 expression. Consequently, RG7112 effectively cooperated with CEP-1347 to reduce MDM4 expression, activate the p53 pathway, and inhibit cell growth. The present results suggest the combination of CEP-1347-induced MDM2 overexpression with the selective inhibition of MDM2′s interaction with p53, while preserving its ability to inhibit MDM4 expression, as a novel and rational strategy to effectively reactivate p53 in wild-type p53 cancer cells.
Extracellular Vesicles—A Source of RNA Biomarkers for the Detection of Breast Cancer in Liquid Biopsies
Authors: Zayakin Pawel , Sadovska Lilite , Eglītis Kristaps , Romanchikova Nadezhda , Radoviča-Spalviņa Ilze , Endzeliņš Edgars , Liepniece-Karele Inta , Eglītis Jānis , Linē Aija
Published: August 2023

Over the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising source of cancer-derived RNAs for liquid biopsies. However, blood contains a pool of heterogeneous EVs released by a variety of cell types, making the identification of cancer RNA biomarkers challenging. Here, we performed deep sequencing of plasma EV RNA cargo in 32 patients with locally advanced breast cancer (BC) at diagnosis and 7 days after breast surgery and in 30 cancer-free healthy controls (HCs). To identify BC-derived RNA biomarkers, we searched for RNAs that had higher levels in BC EVs at the time of diagnosis compared with HCs and decreased after surgery. Data analysis showed that the fractions of miRNAs, snRNAs, snoRNAs, and tRFs were increased, but the fraction of lncRNAs was decreased in BC EVs as compared to HCs. BC-derived biomarker candidates were identified across various RNA biotypes. Considered individually, they had very high specificity but moderate sensitivity for the detection of BC, whereas a biomarker model composed of eight RNAs: SNORD3H, SNORD1C, SNORA74D, miR-224-5p, piR-32949, lnc-IFT-122-2, lnc-C9orf50-4, and lnc-FAM122C-3 was able to distinguish BC from HC EVs with an AUC of 0.902 (95% CI = 0.872–0.931, p = 3.4 × 10−9) in leave-one-out cross-validation. Furthermore, a number of RNA biomarkers were correlated with the ER and HER2 expression and additional biomarker models were created to predict hormone receptor and HER2 status. Overall, this study demonstrated that the RNA composition of plasma EVs is altered in BC patients and that they contain cancer-derived RNA biomarkers that can be used for BC detection and monitoring using liquid biopsies.
Inter-Breath-Hold Geometric and Dosimetric Variations in Organs at Risk during Pancreatic Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy: Implications for Adaptive Radiation Therapy
Authors: Hooshangnejad Hamed , Miles Devin , Hill Colin , Narang Amol , Ding Kai , Han-Oh Sarah
Published: August 2023

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death, with nearly 60,000 cases each year and less than a 10% 5-year overall survival rate. Radiation therapy (RT) is highly beneficial as a local-regional anticancer treatment. As anatomical variation is of great concern, motion management techniques, such as DIBH, are commonly used to minimize OARs toxicities; however, the variability between DIBHs has not been well studied. Here, we present an unprecedented systematic analysis of patients’ anatomical reproducibility over multiple DIBH motion-management technique uses for pancreatic cancer RT. We used data from 20 patients; four DIBH scans were available for each patient to design 80 SBRT plans. Our results demonstrated that (i) there is considerable variation in OAR geometry and dose between same-subject DIBH scans; (ii) the RT plan designed for one scan may not be directly applicable to another scan; (iii) the RT treatment designed using a DIBH simulation CT results in different dosimetry in the DIBH treatment delivery; and (iv) this confirms the importance of adaptive radiation therapy (ART), such as MR-Linacs, for pancreatic RT delivery. The ART treatment delivery technique can account for anatomical variation between referenced and scheduled plans, and thus avoid toxicities of OARs because of anatomical variations between DIBH patient setups.
The Dutch CAR-T Tumorboard Experience: Population-Based Real-World Data on Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma Referred for CD19-Directed CAR T-Cell Therapy in The Netherlands
Authors: Spanjaart Anne M. , Pennings Elise R. A. , Mutsaers Pim G. N. J. , van Dorp Suzanne , Jak Margot , van Doesum Jaap A. , de Boer Janneke W. , Niezink Anne G. H. , Kos Milan , Vermaat Joost S. P. , Sijs-Szabo Aniko , van der Poel Marjolein W. M. , Nijhof Inger S. , Kuipers Maria T. , Chamuleau Martine E. D. , Lugtenburg Pieternella J. , Doorduijn Jeanette K. , Serroukh Yasmina I. M. , Minnema Monique C. , van Meerten Tom , Kersten Marie José
Published: August 2023

The real-world results of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) substantially differ across countries. In the Netherlands, the CAR-T tumorboard facilitates a unique nationwide infrastructure for referral, eligibility assessment and data collection. The aim of this study was to evaluate real-world outcomes of axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) in the Dutch population, including the thus-far underreported effects on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). All patients with R/R LBCL after ≥2 lines of systemic therapy referred for axi-cel treatment between May 2020–May 2022 were included (N = 250). Of the 160 apheresed patients, 145 patients received an axi-cel infusion. The main reason for ineligibility was rapidly progressive disease. The outcomes are better or at least comparable to other studies (best overall response rate: 84% (complete response: 66%); 12-month progression-free-survival rate and overall survival rate: 48% and 62%, respectively). The 12-month NRM was 5%, mainly caused by infections. Clinically meaningful improvement in several HR-QoL domains was observed from Month 9 onwards. Expert-directed patient selection can support effective and sustainable application of CAR-T treatment. Matched comparisons between cohorts will help to understand the differences in outcomes across countries and select best practices. Despite the favorable results, for a considerable proportion of patients with R/R LBCL there still is an unmet medical need.
Impact of Patient Body Mass Index on Post-Operative Recovery from Robotic-Assisted Hysterectomy
Authors: Amirthanayagam Anumithra , Wood Matthew , Teece Lucy , Ismail Aemn , Leighton Ralph , Jacob Annie , Chattopadhyay Supratik , Davies Quentin , Moss Esther L.
Published: August 2023

A longitudinal, descriptive, prospective, and prolective study of individuals with endometrial or cervical cancer/pre-cancer diagnoses and high BMI (over 35 kg/m2) undergoing RH was conducted. Of the 53 participants recruited, 3 (6%) were converted to open surgery. The 50 RH participants had median BMI 42 kg/m2 (range 35 to 60): the range 35–39.9 kg/m2 had 17 cases; the range 40–44.9 kg/m2 had 15 cases; 45–49.9 kg/m2 8 cases; and those ≥50 kg/m2 comprised 10 cases. The mean RH operating time was 128.1 min (SD 25.3) and the median length of hospital stay was 2 days (range 1–14 days). Increased BMI was associated with small, but statistically significant, increases in operating time and anaesthetic time, 65 additional seconds and 37 seconds, respectively, for each unit increase in BMI. The median self-reported time for individuals who underwent RH to return to their pre-operative activity levels was 4 weeks (range 2 to >12 weeks). There was a significant improvement in pain and physical independence scores over time (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and no significant difference in scores for overall QOL, pain, or physical independence scores was found between the BMI groups. Patient-reported recovery and quality of life following RH is high in individuals with high BMI (over 35 kg/m2) and does not appear to be impacted by the severity of obesity.
The Regulation and Immune Signature of Retrotransposons in Cancer
Authors: Alkailani Maisa I. , Gibbings Derrick
Published: August 2023

Advances in sequencing technologies and the bioinformatic analysis of big data facilitate the study of jumping genes’ activity in the human genome in cancer from a broad perspective. Retrotransposons, which move from one genomic site to another by a copy-and-paste mechanism, are regulated by various molecular pathways that may be disrupted during tumorigenesis. Active retrotransposons can stimulate type I IFN responses. Although accumulated evidence suggests that retrotransposons can induce inflammation, the research investigating the exact mechanism of triggering these responses is ongoing. Understanding these mechanisms could improve the therapeutic management of cancer through the use of retrotransposon-induced inflammation as a tool to instigate immune responses to tumors.
MiR-148a-3p Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Ferroptosis by Targeting SLC7A11
Authors: Martino Elisa , Balestrieri Anna , Aragona Francesca , Bifulco Giovanna , Mele Luigi , Campanile Giuseppe , Balestrieri Maria Luisa , D’Onofrio Nunzia
Published: August 2023

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, and dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression correlate with colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. The tumor suppressor ability of miR-148a-3p has been reported for several cancers. Nevertheless, the role of miR-148a-3p in CRC remains largely undetermined. Here, we aim at investigating the molecular mechanisms and regulatory targets of miR-148a-3p in the CRC cell death mechanism(s). To this end, miR-148a-3p expression was evaluated in SW480 and SW620 cells and normal colon epithelial CCD 841 CoN cells with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Data reported a reduction of miR-148a-3p expression in SW480 and SW620 cells compared to non-tumor cells (p < 0.05). Overexpression of miR-148a selectively inhibited CRC cell viability (p < 0.001), while weakly affecting normal CCD 841 CoN cell survival (p < 0.05). At the cellular level, miR-148a-3p mimics promoted apoptotic cell death via caspase-3 activation (p < 0.001), accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p < 0.001), and membrane depolarization (p < 0.001). Moreover, miR-148a-3p overexpression induced lipid peroxidation (p < 0.01), GPX4 downregulation (p < 0.01), and ferroptosis (p < 0.01), as revealed by intracellular and mitochondrial iron accumulation and ACSL4/TFRC/Ferritin modulation. In addition, levels of SLC7A11 mRNA and protein, the cellular targets of miR-148a-3p predicted by bioinformatic tools, were suppressed by miR-148a-3p’s overexpression. On the contrary, the downregulation of miR-148a-3p boosted SLC7A11 gene expression and suppressed ferroptosis. Together, these in vitro findings reveal that miR-148a-3p can function as a tumor suppressor in CRC by targeting SLC7A11 and activating ferroptosis, opening new perspectives for the rationale of therapeutic strategies through targeting the miR-148a-3p/SLC7A11 pathway.
Whole Breast Irradiation in Comparison to Endocrine Therapy in Early Stage Breast Cancer—A Direct and Network Meta-Analysis of Published Randomized Trials
Authors: Haussmann Jan , Budach Wilfried , Corradini Stefanie , Krug David , Bölke Edwin , Tamaskovics Balint , Jazmati Danny , Haussmann Alexander , Matuschek Christiane
Published: August 2023

Background: Multiple randomized trials have established adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) and whole breast irradiation (WBI) as the standard approach after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in early-stage breast cancer. The omission of WBI has been studied in multiple trials and resulted in reduced local control with maintained survival rates and has therefore been adapted as a treatment option in selected patients in several guidelines. Omitting ET instead of WBI might also be a valuable option as both treatments have distinctly different side effect profiles. However, the clinical outcomes of BCS + ET vs. BCS + WBI have not been formally analyzed. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review searching for randomized trials comparing BCS + ET vs. BCS + WBI in low-risk breast cancer patients with publication dates after 2000. We excluded trials using any form of chemotherapy, regional nodal radiation and mastectomy. The meta-analysis was performed using a two-step process. First, we extracted all available published event rates and the effect sizes for overall and breast-cancer-specific survival (OS, BCSS), local (LR) and regional recurrence, disease-free survival, distant metastases-free interval, contralateral breast cancer, second cancer other than breast cancer and mastectomy-free interval as investigated endpoints and compared them in a network meta-analysis. Second, the published individual patient data from the Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG) publications were used to allow a comparison of OS and BCSS. Results: We identified three studies, including a direct comparison of BCS + ET vs. BCS + WBI (n = 1059) and nine studies randomizing overall 7207 patients additionally to BCS only and BCS + WBI + ET resulting in a four-arm comparison. In the network analysis, LR was significantly lower in the BCS + WBI group in comparison with the BCS + ET group (HR = 0.62; CI-95%: 0.42–0.92; p = 0.019). We did not find any differences in OS (HR = 0.93; CI-95%: 0.53–1.62; p = 0.785) and BCSS (OR = 1.04; CI-95%: 0.45–2.41; p = 0.928). Further, we found a lower distant metastasis-free interval, a higher rate of contralateral breast cancer and a reduced mastectomy-free interval in the BCS + WBI-arm. Using the EBCTCG data, OS and BCSS were not significantly different between BCS + ET and BCS + WBI after 10 years (OS: OR = 0.85; CI-95%: 0.59–1.22; p = 0.369) (BCSS: OR = 0.72; CI-95%: 0.38–1.36; p = 0.305). Conclusion: Evidence from direct and indirect comparison suggests that BCS + WBI might be an equivalent de-escalation strategy to BCS + ET in low-risk breast cancer. Adverse events and quality of life measures have to be further compared between these approaches.
The Investigation of Zeolite to Matrix Ratio Effect on the Performance of FCC Catalysts during Catalytic Cracking of Hydrotreated VGO
Authors: Ahmad Adeel , Ahmed Shakeel , Siddiqui Mohammed Abdul Bari , Al-Shammari Abdallah A.
Published: August 2023

Fluidized catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil is considered a promising factor in enhancing the gasoline yield to fulfill global energy demands. In this study, a series of FCC catalysts with a zeolite to matrix ratio varying from 18 to 50 was prepared using USY zeolite and amorphous matrix. The matrix was composed of amorphous silica-alumina, kaolin, and silica sol binder. All fresh catalysts were subjected to hydrothermal deactivation treatment at 750 °C for 5 h. The performance evaluation of FCC catalysts was conducted in a fixed bed microactivity test unit, with vacuum gas oil as feed at 550 °C. Comparing a steamed CAT01 sample with a fresh CAT01, the surface area of the steamed sample was 23.3% less. Similarly, the fresh sample CAT05 acidity increased by 102% when compared with the fresh CAT01 sample. As the zeolite to matrix ratio increased, the selectivity of dry gas, LPG, and coke increased, associated with a consistent decrease in gasoline and heavy ends (LCO and HCO). The combined selectivity of product gasoline and LCO with low-zeolite steamed catalyst (CAT01) was 82%, and that of high-zeolite steamed catalyst (CAT05) was 76%. Furthermore, coke selectivity for the steamed CAT01 was 2.1%, whereas 3.7% was observed for the steamed CAT05 sample. The effect of the zeolite to matrix ratio was less pronounced in steamed catalysts as compared with fresh catalysts.
A New Family of Vinyl Selenocyanates with the Amide Function Based on the Reaction of Potassium Selenocyanate with 3-Trimethylsilyl-2-Propynamides
Authors: Andreev Mikhail V. , Potapov Vladimir A. , Musalov Maxim V. , Larina Lyudmila I.
Published: August 2023

An efficient approach to a novel family of (Z)-3-amino-3-oxo-1-propenyl selenocyanates was developed based on the reaction of KSeCN with 3-trimethylsilyl-2-propynamides in the presence of ammonium chloride in methanol. The reaction was accompanied by a desilylation process. The products were not formed under the same reaction conditions in the absence of ammonium chloride, which was used for the first time in the reactions of selenocyanates with acetylenes. The use of this new methodology allowed the reaction to carry out in a regio- and stereoselective fashion as anti-addition affording vinyl selenocyanates with a (Z)-configuration in high yields.
Origins of Enhanced Enantioselectivity in the Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation of N-Benzoyl Lactams
Authors: Cusumano Alexander , Zhang Tianyi , Goddard William , Stoltz Brian
Published: August 2023

We explore the origins of the marked improvement in enantioselectivity in the inner-sphere (PHOX)Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation of N-benzoyl lactam nucleophiles over their carbocyclic counterparts. We employ density functional theory calculations to aid in the interpretation of experimental results. Ultimately, we propose that the enhancement in enantioselectivity arises primarily from noncovalent interactions between the substrate and ligand rather than secondary substrate chelation, as previously hypothesized.
Tumor Treating Fields Alter the Kinomic Landscape in Glioblastoma Revealing Therapeutic Vulnerabilities
Authors: Jones Amber B. , Schanel Taylor L. , Rigsby Mikayla R. , Griguer Corinne E. , McFarland Braden C. , Anderson Joshua C. , Willey Christopher D. , Hjelmeland Anita B.
Published: August 2023

Treatment for the deadly brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM) has been improved through the non-invasive addition of alternating electric fields, called tumor treating fields (TTFields). Improving both progression-free and overall survival, TTFields are currently approved for treatment of recurrent GBMs as a monotherapy and in the adjuvant setting alongside TMZ for newly diagnosed GBMs. These TTFields are known to inhibit mitosis, but the full molecular impact of TTFields remains undetermined. Therefore, we sought to understand the ability of TTFields to disrupt the growth patterns of and induce kinomic landscape shifts in TMZ-sensitive and -resistant GBM cells. We determined that TTFields significantly decreased the growth of TMZ-sensitive and -resistant cells. Kinomic profiling predicted kinases that were induced or repressed by TTFields, suggesting possible therapy-specific vulnerabilities. Serving as a potential pro-survival mechanism for TTFields, kinomics predicted the increased activity of platelet-derived growth-factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα). We demonstrated that the addition of the PDGFR inhibitor, crenolanib, to TTFields further reduced cell growth in comparison to either treatment alone. Collectively, our data suggest the efficacy of TTFields in vitro and identify common signaling responses to TTFields in TMZ-sensitive and -resistant populations, which may support more personalized medicine approaches.
Region-Specific Homeostatic Identity of Astrocytes Is Essential for Defining Their Response to Pathological Insults
Authors: Makarava Natallia , Mychko Olga , Molesworth Kara , Chang Jennifer Chen-Yu , Henry Rebecca J. , Tsymbalyuk Natalya , Gerzanich Volodymyr , Simard J. Marc , Loane David J. , Baskakov Ilia V.
Published: August 2023

The transformation of astrocytes into reactive states constitutes a biological response of the central nervous system under a variety of pathological insults. Astrocytes display diverse homeostatic identities that are developmentally predetermined and regionally specified. Upon transformation into reactive states associated with neurodegenerative diseases and other neurological disorders, astrocytes acquire diverse reactive phenotypes. However, it is not clear whether their reactive phenotypes are dictated by region-specific homeostatic identity or by the nature of an insult. To address this question, region-specific gene expression profiling was performed for four brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus) in mice using a custom NanoString panel consisting of selected sets of genes associated with astrocyte functions and their reactivity for five conditions: prion disease, traumatic brain injury, brain ischemia, 5XFAD Alzheimer’s disease model and normal aging. Upon transformation into reactive states, genes that are predominantly associated with astrocytes were found to respond to insults in a region-specific manner. Regardless of the nature of the insult or the insult-specificity of astrocyte response, strong correlations between undirected GSA (gene set analysis) scores reporting on astrocyte reactivity and on their homeostatic functions were observed within each individual brain region. The insult-specific gene expression signatures did not separate well from each other and instead partially overlapped, forming continuums. The current study demonstrates that region-specific homeostatic identities of astrocytes are important for defining their response to pathological insults. Within region-specific populations, reactive astrocytes show continuums of gene expression signatures, partially overlapping between individual insults.
Crosstalk between the Rod Outer Segments and Retinal Pigmented Epithelium in the Generation of Oxidative Stress in an In Vitro Model
Authors: Ravera Silvia , Bertola Nadia , Puddu Alessandra , Bruno Silvia , Maggi Davide , Panfoli Isabella
Published: August 2023

Dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is associated with several diseases characterized by retinal degeneration, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, it has recently been proposed that outer retinal neurons also participate in the damage triggering. Therefore, we have evaluated the possible crosstalk between RPE and photoreceptors in priming and maintaining oxidative damage of the RPE. For this purpose, we used ARPE-19 cells as a model of human RPE, grown in normal (NG, 5.6 mM) or high glucose (HG, 25 mM) and unoxidized (UOx) or oxidized (Ox) mammalian retinal rod outer segments (OSs). ARPE-19 cells were efficient at phagocytizing rod OSs in both NG and HG settings. However, in HG, ARPE-19 cells treated with Ox-rod OSs accumulated MDA and lipofuscins and displayed altered LC3, GRP78, and caspase 8 expression compared to untreated and UOx-rod-OS-treated cells. Data suggest that early oxidative damage may originate from the photoreceptors and subsequently extend to the RPE, providing a new perspective to the idea that retinal degeneration depends solely on a redox alteration of the RPE.
Recruitment of the Histone Variant MacroH2A1 to the Pericentric Region Occurs upon Chromatin Relaxation and Is Responsible for Major Satellite Transcriptional Regulation
Authors: Recoules Ludmila , Tanguy Le Gac Nicolas , Moutahir Fatima , Bystricky Kerstin , Lavigne Anne-Claire
Published: August 2023

Heterochromatin formation plays a pivotal role in regulating chromatin organization and influences nuclear architecture and genome stability and expression. Amongst the locations where heterochromatin is found, the pericentric regions have the capability to attract the histone variant macroH2A1. However, the factors and mechanisms behind macroH2A1 incorporation into these regions have not been explored. In this study, we probe different conditions that lead to the recruitment of macroH2A1 to pericentromeric regions and elucidate its underlying functions. Through experiments conducted on murine fibroblastic cells, we determine that partial chromatin relaxation resulting from DNA damage, senescence, or histone hyper-acetylation is necessary for the recruitment of macroH2A1 to pericentric regions. Furthermore, macroH2A1 is required for upregulation of noncoding pericentric RNA expression but not for pericentric chromatin organization. Our findings shed light on the functional rather than structural significance of macroH2A1 incorporation into pericentric chromatin.
The Preventive Effect of Melatonin on Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis
Authors: Tokuyama-Toda Reiko , Umeki Hirochika , Okubo Mitsuru , Terada-Ito Chika , Yudo Toshio , Ide Shinji , Tadokoro Susumu , Shimozuma Masashi , Satomura Kazuhito
Published: August 2023

Melatonin exerts various physiological effects through melatonin receptors and their ability to scavenge free radicals. Radiotherapy is a common treatment for head and neck tumors, but stomatitis, a side effect affecting irradiated oral mucosa, can impact treatment outcomes. This study investigated the preventive effect of melatonin, a potent free radical scavenger, on radiation-induced oral mucositis. Mice were irradiated with 15 Gy of X-ray radiation to the head and neck, and the oral mucosa was histologically compared between a melatonin-administered group and a control group. The results showed that radiation-induced oral mucositis was suppressed in mice administered melatonin before and after irradiation. It was suggested that the mechanism involved the inhibition of apoptosis and the inhibition of DNA damage. From these findings, we confirmed that melatonin has a protective effect against radiation-induced oral mucositis.
Intervention Based on Psychomotor Rehabilitation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder ASD: Effect on Postural Control and Sensory Integration
Authors: Ben Hassen Imen , Abid Rihab , Ben Waer Fatma , Masmoudi Liwa , Sahli Sonia , Driss Tarak , Hammouda Omar
Published: August 2023

Postural stability and control are essential motor skills for successfully performing various activities of daily living. However, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit significant sensorimotor impairments. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of psychomotricity training on postural control (PC) of children with ASD. We recruited thirty children (age = 8.01 ± 1.2; weight = 31.66 ± 8.1 kg; height = 129.7 ± 10.8 cm) diagnosed with ASD (intellectual quotient > 50) to participate in this study. They were divided into two groups: the experimental group (n = 16) and control group (n = 14). Children in the experimental group were trained with psychomotor activities two times a week for nine weeks. Statistic postural balance was assessed before and after intervention and on different vision conditions. The results showed that the psychomotor training significantly improved PC in standing position under different conditions when compared to the control group, in all parameters (CoPA; CoPLX; CoPLy) (p < 0.01). Our preliminary findings suggest the usefulness of the psychomotor training in children with ASD on static PC.
The Effectiveness of a Low Glycemic Index/Load Diet on Cardiometabolic, Glucometabolic, and Anthropometric Indices in Children with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kalaitzopoulou Ioustini , Theodoridis Xenophon , Kotzakioulafi Evangelia , Evripidou Kleo , Chourdakis Michail
Published: August 2023

(1) Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of a low glycemic index (LGI) and low glycemic load (LGL) diet on children with overweight and obesity, analyzing any changes in anthropometric, cardiometabolic, and glucometabolic parameters. (2) Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL), as well as clinical trial registries and reference lists of the included studies, were searched for eligible randomized control trials (RCTs). Two independent reviewers performed the screening of the studies, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random effects model were calculated for each outcome. (3) Results: Eleven RCTs (n = 634) examining the effect of LGI diet versus control were identified. The synthesized data provided from the RCTs indicate no difference between intervention and control groups regarding primary outcomes (body weight (MD: −0.14; 95% CI −1.93 to 1.64, 5 trials), body mass index (BMI) (MD: −0.31; 95% CI −0.85 to 0.23, 6 trials), BMI z-score (MD: −0.03; 95% CI −0.09 to 0.02, 5 trials), and waist circumference (MD: −0.52; 95% CI −2.35 to 1.31, 5 trials)) and other measures of cardiometabolic and glucometabolic parameters. The majority of trials were classified as “some concerns”. (4) Conclusions: LGI and LGL diets do not seem to be associated with changes in adiposity, cardiometabolic or glucometabolic markers in children with overweight or obesity. Further research comparing the LGI diet to a high glycemic index diet, with proper methodological standards, is required to clarify the benefits of a LGI diet in this population.
Trees Diversity and Species with High Ecological Importance for a Resilient Urban Area: Evidence from Cotonou City (West Africa)
Authors: Atchadé Assouhan Jonas , Kanda Madjouma , Folega Fousseni , Yédomonhan Hounnankpon , Dourma Marra , Wala Kperkouma , Akpagana Koffi
Published: August 2023

Rapid urbanization and climate change effects may cause dramatic changes in ecosystem functions in cities, thereby inevitably affecting the growth performance of old trees. Few studies have explored species diversity and spatial differentiation in Benin urban areas. This study aims to explore this dimension of urban ecology in order to build resilience to climate change in the city of Cotonou. Its objective was to determine the predominant level of tree diversity in the city’s land use units. The urban green frame was subdivided into six land use units, namely, establishments, residences, green spaces, commercial areas, administrative areas, and roads. The forest inventories were carried out in 149 plots with surfaces evaluated at 2500 m2 each. The IVI, an index that highlights the relative density, relative dominance, and relative frequency of species, has been used to characterize the place occupied by each species in relation to all species in urban ecosystems. This shows ecological importance through the diversity and quality of ecosystems, communities, and species. A total of 62 tree species in 55 genera and 27 families were recorded. The results show that the flora of the city of Cotonou is characterized by a strong preponderance of exotic species with some differences in species presence. The most abundant species with high ecological importance (IVI) in the different types of land use of the city are Terminalia catappa (IVI = 121.47%), Terminalia mantaly (IVI = 90.50%), Mangifera indica (IVI = 64.06%), and Khaya senegalensis (IVI = 151.16%). As the use of ecosystem services is recommended to tackle urban climate hazards, this study shows that direct development of this urban vegetation could improve the resilience of urban life to climate hazards through the provision of urban ecosystem services, potential ecological infrastructure foundations, and urban nature-based solutions.
Application of Starch Based Coatings as a Sustainable Solution to Preserve and Decipher the Charred Documents
Authors: Kesarwani Sonali , Tripathy Divya Bajpai , Kumar Suneet
Published: August 2023

Fire can be one of the most destructive elements to cause devastation. Fire can completely or partly destroy any crucial and invaluable documents, such as banknotes, books, affidavits, etc., in a couple of minutes. Moreover, the documents can also be damaged by heat, smoke, soot, and water during an accident. The burnt documents become fragile, losing their identity, which may have some evidentiary value related to the incident. Therefore, there is a strong need for processing to procure, preserve, and decipher, i.e., to restore the texts written on them. Hence, the present research focuses on developing a new method using natural polysaccharides, i.e., starch, to preserve and decipher the contents of charred documents. The most suitable concentration of starch analog was found to be 6% microwaved at 80 °C for about 10 min. As soon as the charred documents were coated with 6% starch analog, the majority of the invisible texts became visible to the naked eye in a second. Moreover, the application of a synthesized analog of polysaccharide on fragile charred documents provided an appreciable increase in strength by almost 0.1 kg/cm2 for the coated charred documents of each paper type compared to that of non-coated ones and made them stabilized. This research also involves the use of easy and advanced handwriting recognition techniques (HCR) using an easily accessible, free platform, G-lens, that successfully recognized the majority of texts deciphered using 6% starch analog and converted them from captured images to a readable and copyable text format. Furthermore, the document visualization under VSC also gave a promising result by enhancing and deciphering the non-visible and less visible texts under flood light and white spot light at 715 and 695 long passes. Hence, this study offers an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable approach of using a natural polysaccharide instead of synthetic polymers for the preservation and decipherment of charred documents.