bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Censorship(s) in Translation: Constraints and Creativity
Authors: Sariz Inci
Published: April 2018

As an intellectual, creative, and cultural practice with a high potential of introducing dissident and subversive ideas to a culture, translation has historically been subjected to various censorial mechanisms in countless contexts and time periods. Translation as a vessel of the foreign content, which frequently implies damage to the native culture, attracts the attention of the censor. The means of these censorial mechanisms range from monitoring and regulating translation products at micro levels to prosecuting, jailing, and even murdering translators, with the purpose of establishing a domain within which the translator is allowed to produce.
Behind UCT’s Removed Art: the Writing on the Wall
Authors: Powell Ivor
Published: April 2018

Editor’s note: This commentary was first published in the South African Art Times, and is reproduced here with permission.During the past two years, fine art has been under attack at the University of Cape Town (UCT), with artworks defaced, intentionally destroyed by fire and blacklisted during various student protests. In response, some 74 works of art from the University’s collection—by some of the country’s most acclaimed artists—have been taken down or covered up “on the grounds of their vulnerability to potential damage” or because “some members of the campus community have identified certain works of art as offensive to them—for cultural, religious or political reasons.”
Free Speech on Campus by Erwin Chemerinsky and Howard Gillman
Authors: Cordell Rosanne
Published: April 2018

Free speech on college and university campuses in the United States is a complex topic with competing and conflicting rights, governing body responsibilities, goals, legal precedents, popular views, and purposes. To untangle all of this requires both attention to fine legal points and a broad view of societal needs. Chemerinsky and Gillman have the expertise and experience to bring both these characteristics to bear on discussions of this topic, but they do much more: they outline specific policies that can and should be followed by universities and colleges in seeking to provide the best of higher education. Chemerinsky (The Conservative Assault on the Constitution, The Case Against the Supreme Court, Closing the Courthouse Door: How Your Constitutional Rights Became Unenforceable) and Gillman (American Constitutionalism: Structures of Government, The Votes that Counted: How the Court Decided the 2000 Presidential Election) have distinguished positions at the University of California, Irvine, School of Law and taught an undergraduate seminar on Free Speech on College Campuses in 2016. Their combined voices bring a clarity and, surprisingly, brevity to this topic that are rare.
Entre la neuroética y la neuroeducación: las fronteras de las neurociencias sociales
Authors: Pallarés-Domínguez Daniel , Richart Andrés
Published: April 2018

El presente monográfico de Recerca. Revista de Pensament i Anàlisi, titulado «Neuroética y neuroeducación: repensando la relación entre las neurociencias y las ciencias sociales», está formado por ocho artículos de investigación y cuatro recensiones, a través de los cuales se estudian de forma actualizada las relaciones entre las neurociencias y las ciencias sociales. Dentro de las múltiples relaciones que se generan en la conjunción interdisciplinaria  de  estas dos materias, se destacan especialmente la neuroética y la neuroeducación; sin embargo, temáticamente se acogen perspectivas como la neuropolítica, o la relación entre emoción y razón desde las neurociencias, entre otras.
¿Dónde está el error? La epistemología de la verdad en la neurociencia de A. Damasio y la filosofía de R. Descartes
Authors: Grijalba Uche Miguel
Published: April 2018

El presente texto trata de analizar la crítica que Antonio Damasio realiza a René Descartes (el error de Descartes) desde el empleo de una racionalidad neurocientífica. Damasio cae en un neurorreduccionismo para combatir la filosofía cartesiana. La crítica de Damasio al dualismo cartesiano olvida el nivel ontológico y epistemológico para abordar exclusivamente la cuestión antropológica. Este texto propone una defensa de Descartes y un rechazo a un dualismo absoluto a partir de la lectura de Las pasiones del alma.The present text tries to analyze the criticism that Antonio Damasio does to René Descartes (the error of Descartes) from the use of a neuroscientific rationality. Damasio falls into a neuroreductionism to combat Cartesian philosophy. Damasio’s critique of Cartesian dualism neglects the ontological and epistemological level to address exclusively the anthropological question. This text proposes a defense of Descartes and a rejection of an absolute dualism based on the reading of Passions of soul.
Marcos mentales: ¿marcos morales? Deliberación pública y democracia en la neuropolítica.
Authors: Pérez Zafrilla Pedro Jesús
Published: April 2018

En este trabajo trato de abordar el concepto de marco mental como clave para entender la concepción que la neuropolítica tiene de la deliberación pública y la democracia. En un primer lugar expondré los puntos centrales de las teorías de Jonathan Haidt y George Lakoff sobre el marco mental y la deliberación pública. Después pondré en relación la idea del marco mental con el concepto de marco referencial de Taylor. Finalmente, analizaré críticamente el modelo de deliberación pública y de democracia que cabe extraer del concepto de marco mental en la neuropolítica.In this article I address the concept of «mental frame» as the key to understand the conception neuropolithics has on moral deliberation. Firstly, I will expose the core points of Jonathan Haidt y George Lakoff’s theories on mental frame and public deliberation. Then, I will put in relation the idea of mental frame with Charles Taylor’s concept of «referential frame». This will allow us, finally, to critically analyze the model of public deliberation and democracy that can be drawn from the concept of moral frame in neuropolitics.
Ética discursiva y diversidad funcional
Authors: Aparicio Payá Manuel
Published: April 2018

En este artículo hacemos un breve recorrido por algunas de las ideas fundamentales de la ética del diálogo (K.O. Apel, J. Habermas y A. Cortina) considerando que constituye un enfoque adecuado para afrontar las obligaciones de justicia con la totalidad de las personas con diversidad funcional. Nos basamos en que: a) la ética del diálogo mantiene el universalismo moral y político defendido por Kant, transformando su noción normativa de persona a partir de la idea de reconocimiento propuesta por Hegel, lo que permite sostener la perspectiva igualitaria de los derechos de todos; b) En su evolución, recoge las críticas planteadas desde el feminismo y el neoaristotelismo (Benhabib, Young, Nussbaum, MacIntyre) y concibe al sujeto moral como un ser corporal, lo que implica una concepción de la autonomía moral y política abierta a la vulnerabilidad corporal.In this article we make a short exposure of some fundamental ideas of the ethics of dialogue (KO Apel, J. Habermas and A. Cortina) considering that it constitutes an adequate approach to face the obligations of justice with all the people with functional diversity. We base ourselves on the fact that a) the ethics of dialogue maintains the moral and political universalism defended by Kant, transforming his normative notion of person from the idea of recognition proposed by Hegel, which allows to maintain the egalitarian perspective of the rights of all; B) In its evolution, it takes the criticisms raised from feminism and neoaristotelism (Benhabib, Young, Nussbaum, MacIntyre) and conceives the moral subject as a corporeal being, this implies a conception of moral and political autonomy open to the body vulnerability.
Barefoot running does not affect simple reaction time: an exploratory study
Authors: Snow Nicholas J. , Blair Jason F.L. , MacDonald Graham Z. , Byrne Jeannette M. , Basset Fabien A.
Published: April 2018

Background

Converging evidence comparing barefoot (BF) and shod (SH) running highlights differences in foot-strike patterns and somatosensory feedback, among others. Anecdotal evidence from SH runners attempting BF running suggests a greater attentional demand may be experienced during BF running. However, little work to date has examined whether there is an attentional cost of BF versus SH running.

Objective

This exploratory study aimed to examine whether an acute bout of BF running would impact simple reaction time (SRT) compared to SH running, in a sample of runners naïve to BF running.

Methods

Eight male distance runners completed SRT testing during 10 min of BF or SH treadmill running at 70% maximal aerobic speed (17.9 ± 1.4 km h−1). To test SRT, participants were required to press a hand-held button in response to the flash of a light bulb placed in the center of their visual field. SRT was tested at 1-minute intervals during running. BF and SH conditions were completed in a pseudo-randomized and counterbalanced crossover fashion. SRT was defined as the time elapsed between the light bulb flash and the button press. SRT errors were also recorded and were defined as the number of trials in which a button press was not recorded in response to the light bulb flash.

Results

Overall, SRT later in the exercise bouts showed a statistically significant increase compared to earlier (p < 0.05). Statistically significant increases in SRT were present at 7 min versus 5 min (0.29 ± 0.02 s vs. 0.27 ± 0.02 s, p < 0.05) and at 9 min versus 2 min (0.29 ± 0.03 s vs. 0.27 ± 0.03 s, p < 0.05). However, BF running did not influence this increase in SRT (p > 0.05) or the number of SRT errors (17.6 ± 6.6 trials vs. 17.0 ± 13.0 trials, p > 0.05).

Discussion

In a sample of distance runners naïve to BF running, there was no statistically significant difference in SRT or SRT errors during acute bouts of BF and SH running. We interpret these results to mean that BF running does not have a greater attentional cost compared to SH running during a SRT task throughout treadmill running. Literature suggests that stride-to-stride gait modulation during running may occur predominately via mechanisms that preclude conscious perception, thus potentially attenuating effects of increased somatosensory feedback experienced during BF running. Future research should explore the present experimental paradigm in a larger sample using over-ground running trials, as well as employing different tests of attention.
Characterization of antimicrobial resistance genes inHaemophilus parasuisisolated from pigs in China
Authors: Zhao Yongda , Guo Lili , Li Jie , Huang Xianhui , Fang Binghu
Published: April 2018

Background

Haemophilus parasuisis a common porcine respiratory pathogen that causes high rates of morbidity and mortality in farmed swine. We performed a molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance genes harbored byH. parasuisfrom pig farms in China.

Methods

We screened 143H. parasuisisolates for antimicrobial susceptibility against six fluoroquinolone antibiotics testing by the broth microdilution method, and the presence of 64 antimicrobial resistance genes by PCR amplification and DNA sequence analysis. We determined quinolone resistance determining region mutations of DNA gyrase (gyrAandgyrB) and topoisomerase IV (parCandparE). The genetic relatedness among the strains was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Results

Susceptibility test showed that all isolates were low resistance to lomefloxacin (28.67%), levofloxacin (20.28%), norfloxacin (22.38%), ciprofloxacin (23.78%), however, high resistance levels were found to nalidixic acid (82.52%) and enrofloxacin (55.94%). In addition, we found 14 antimicrobial resistance genes were present in these isolates, includingblaTEM-1, blaROB-1,ermB, ermA, flor, catl, tetB, tetC, rmtB, rmtD, aadA1, aac(3′)-llc, sul1, and sul2genes. Interestingly, one isolate carried five antibiotic resistance genes (tetB, tetC, flor, rmtB, sul1). The genestetB,rmtB,andflorwere the most prevalent resistance genes inH. parasuisin China. Alterations in thegyrAgene (S83F/Y, D87Y/N/H/G) were detected in 81% of the strains andparCmutations were often accompanied by agyrAmutation. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing revealed 51 unique patterns in the isolates carrying high-level antibiotic resistance genes, indicating considerable genetic diversity and suggesting that the genes were spread horizontally.

Discussion

The current study demonstrated that the high antibiotic resistance ofH. parasuisin piglets is a combination of transferable antibiotic resistance genes and multiple target gene mutations. These data provide novel insights for the better understanding of the prevalence and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance inH. parasuis.
A política de desenvolvimento regional europeia: um caminho para a coesão econômica e social?
Authors: Sequeira Teresa , Diniz Francisco
Published: April 2018

Com este trabalho os autores procuram analisar a evolução da política de coesão econômica e social da União Européia, quer em matéria da orientação estratégica quer do seu impacto nos países abrangidos. A análise efetuada revelou que, apesar dos diversos ajustamentos na política e reforço das dotações orçamentais, os processos de convergência não assumem a tão desejável tendência de uma forma consistente e inequívoca, subsistindo graves disparidades entre os Estados Membros, para as quais certamente contribuíram os recentes alargamentos da União Européia, bem como a recente crise mundial, pondo em causa as expectativas geradas pelo Tratado de Lisboa.
Nova Bahiafarma: uma análise das perspectivas para a entrada na produção farmacêutica
Authors: Ferreira Jr Hamilton de Moura , Mota Fábio Batista , Braunstein Leib Alem
Published: April 2018

Considerada a proposta do atual Governo do Estado da Bahia – de implantação da Fundação Bahiafarma e de uma planta produtora de anticoncecionais orais genéricos –, o presente artigo, em caráter exploratório, tem por objetivo indicar, com base na tipologia de Porter, quais são as forças competitivas que podem atuar sobre um laboratório público entrante, fornecedor de contraceptivos para o SUS. Para tanto, e dada a existência de lacunas em parte das informações demandadas, o estudo foi realizado a partir do estabelecimento de um cenário de análise. Os resultados sugerem condições de entrada não favoráveis à planta da Bahiafarma, devido, especialmente, às implicações da Lei 8.666/93 e a certos aspectos do Projeto de Lei n° 17.709/08, que limita à atuação da futura fundação de abastecimento do SUS.
Marx e Keynes: Estado e crises do capitalismo
Authors: Filgueiras Luiz , Druck Graça
Published: April 2018

O presente ensaio discute a possibilidade de se integrar analiticamente as visões de Marx e Keynes, no que concerne especificamente ao estudo e à compreensão das crises do capitalismo e do papel do Estado nesses momentos – tendo por referência o caso específico da atual crise geral do capitalismo. Mais particularmente, o objetivo é o de defender, a partir de uma perspectiva teórica marxista, a possibilidade de subsumir alguns aspectos da formulação de Keynes na leitura marxiana acerca do funcio-namento do capitalismo, permitindo, com isso, uma análise com menor nível de abstração – ao explicitar e incorporar a ação do sujeito econômico dominante de todo o processo, qual seja, o capitalista.
as transações comerciais internacionais na concorrência imperfeita
Authors: Izerrougene Bouzid
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho pretende analisar a dinâmica do comércio internacional e a otimização dos ganhos de comércio no contexto de concorrência monopolista, tendo em vista as dimensões temporais do desenvolvimento econômico e técnico, a natureza das transações e o comportamento dos parceiros comerciais.
O processo de mudança econômica na perspectiva evolucionária e neoinstituicional: uma resenha teórica
Authors: Santos John Leno Castro , Silva Evaldo Henrique , Premoli Marcus Vinícius Zandonadi
Published: April 2018

O propósito do presente ensaio é fazer uma resenha teórica acerca do processo de mudança econômica, resultante da interação das tra-jetórias tecnológicas e institucionais à luz da convergência entre as teorias evolucionária e neoinstitucional. Adicionalmente, ressalta-se o papel das mudanças tecnológicas e institucional no contexto da economia baseada em conhecimento. Essa interação ocorre por meio de complexos mecanis-mos de retroalimentação recíproca, onde o desenvolvimento tecnológico induz a mudanças institucionais que, por conseguinte, alteram o ambiente sobre o qual o processo inovativo se realiza. Embora o progresso técnico seja a principal fonte de crescimento econômico, sua maturação necessita da presença de certas qualidades de instituições, a saber, as instituições “contratuais” e as “instituições protetoras do direito de propriedade”. Portanto, estimulando a produção de novas tecnologias, os países podem obter uma trajetória econômica favorável ao crescimento, sem prescindir da presença de uma matriz institucional que permita a transformação do conhecimento em riqueza. A inovação sistêmica pode ser fomentada por instrumentos de política do governo, assim como ação de universidades e demais instituições de pesquisa, propiciando a criação de instrumentos de coordenação e compartilhamento de informações entre os agentes re-levantes e a geração e disseminação de conhecimento tácito e codificado.
Concorrência, concentração do capital e internacionalização do espaço bancário europeu
Authors: Suárez Alfredo
Published: April 2018

Analisa-se o processo de concentração, integração e inter-nalização do sistema financeiro bancário. O processo de concentração do capital neste fim do século responde a uma nova vontade dos agen-tes que se orientam em direção a novos espaços geográficos e setoriais, consolidando a integração bancária européia e mundial. Dentro dessa estratégia integrativa, o processo de fusões, aquisições e alianças é o meio privilegiado das últimas duas décadas usado como estratégia de interna-cionalização. Baseando-se na debilidade de certos estabelecimentos e, mais geralmente, de certos países, ela acentua a reconfiguração do sistema europeu e sua integração.
“RELIGIÃO NÃO SE DISCUTE?”: DECIFRANDO A CONSTRUÇÃO DOS PAPEIS SOCIAIS ENTRE JOVENS DE ESCOLA PÚBLICA EM SÃO VICENTE/SP A PARTIR DE UMA PERSPECTIVA DE GÊNERO
Authors: De Almeida Vanessa Renata , Da Silva Cristiane Gonçalves
Published: April 2018

Este estudo com jovens compreendeu a adolescência/juventude enquanto um período da vida propício para construção da autonomia em relação à família e palco de experimentações afetivas e sexuais, constituindo-se numa fase decisiva para a consolidação de uma rede de significações em torno dos gêneros e sexualidades. Dentre os múltiplos determinantes que condicionam as relações de gênero e os significados imputados ao “ser homem” e “ser mulher”, a religiosidade constitui-se numa instância importante da vida que regula as relações sexuais e de gênero. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa se propôs a compreender como jovens e adolescentes de uma escola pública na Área Continental de São Vicente, a partir de suas próprias trajetórias de vida e de suas religiosidades, atribuem significados ao “ser homem”, ao “ser mulher”, às relações afetivas e à sexualidade no intuito de contribuir com as políticas públicas voltadas para a juventude. O procedimento utilizado para coleta de dados foi a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete moças e um rapaz entre 15 a 18 anos, sendo seis jovens evangélicas/os e dois sem adesão institucional a comunidades religiosas. Entre os resultados, chama atenção a importância que a religiosidade assume na vida dos/as jovens, bem como algumas especificidades da vulnerabilidade dos/as jovens evangélicos/as entrevistados/as ao HIV/AIDS/DST, associados à ideia de que a opção por manter a virgindade até o casamento e o relacionamento com uma só pessoa funcionariam como mecanismos de proteção. Com a análise realizada foi possível compreender que para as e os jovens possam, de fato, ter acesso aos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, além da necessidade dos programas voltados para a saúde sexual e reprodutiva contar com o seu protagonismo, é essencial que as políticas públicas trabalhem de maneira articulada nos territórios onde estão inseridas/os e as/os considerem enquanto sujeitos autônomos capazes de gerir a própria vida afetiva-sexual.
Apresentação
Authors: Fernandes Felipe Bruno Martins , Nascimento Mariângela Moreira , Silva Shirlei Santos de Jesus , Santos Jeferson Reis
Published: April 2018

Elementos Pré-Textuais do Número.
SANDRA MUÑOZ: UMA SUJEITA ATRAVESSADA POR DIFERENTES MATRIZES DE OPRESSÃO
Authors: Neves Silva Maria Augusta
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho pretende tratar de aspectos da vida da feminista Sandra Muñoz a partir de uma perspectiva etnográfica ressaltando questões de gênero, raça e relações de poder. Para Silva (2009), a etnografia pode ser vista como o relato de uma experiência conflituosa de quem observa, condição para o entendimento do que foi observado. Nesse sentido, o autor ressalta que a etnografia possui três fases sincrônicas em relação à atividade do etnógrafo: situar-se, observar e descrever, dimensões que devem acontecer numa perspectiva integradora. 
OS GRUPOS RACIAIS NAS ELEIÇÕES DE 2014: DESAFIO À REPRESENTAÇÃO NA DEMOCRACIA
Authors: Monteiro Anne Alencar
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo visa analisar as manifestações de raça no que se refere à candidatura de negros, brancos, índios e ciganos nas eleições brasileiras ocorridas no ano de 2014. A análise parte do monitoramento da mídia e entrevistas realizadas no período da eleição. Abordaremos a questão da representação a partir da estatística eleitoral dos grupos raciais e também a partir das principais propostas defendidas pelos candidatos em relação às questões raciais. Buscamos com isso compreender o sistema político brasileiro que se mostra desigual e alertar para a criação de mecanismos eleitorais mais igualitários. Esse artigo é fruto de uma parte das pesquisas realizadas para o projeto de extensão “Manifestações de Gênero, Raça e Sexualidade nas eleições de 2014”, carinhosamente chamado de “Observatório Feminista das Eleições” que tem como objetivo analisar as manifestações de gênero, raça, sexualidade e religião no processo eleitoral. 
REPRESENTATIVIDADE PARLAMENTAR DAS MULHERES NEGRAS NAS ELEIÇÕES DE 2014 E OS POSSÍVEIS FATORES INFLUENCIADORES NA NÃO EQUIDADE DA DISPUTA ELEITORAL
Authors: Silva Shirlei Santos de Jesus
Published: April 2018

Historicamente excluídas das esferas de poder e dos pleitos eleitorais, as mulheres ainda apresentam participação muito limitada no ambiente institucional e político do País. Para a mulher negra, sujeita a combinados mecanismos discriminatórios de racismo e sexismo, os obstáculos se mostram mais resistentes, demostrando a hierarquia racial e de gênero em nossas sociedades (CARNEIRO, 2003). A cota eleitoral de gênero que tem por alvo, garantir uma maior participação das mulheres na vida política brasileira, dispõe que cada partido ou coligação preencha o mínimo de 30% (trinta por cento) e o máximo de 70% (setenta por cento) para candidaturas de cada sexo (GROSSI; MIGUEL, 2001). O presente trabalho integrou a ação de extensão intitulada “Manifestações de gênero, raça, sexualidade e religião nas eleições 2014”, com apoio da PROEXT/UFBA. Com finalidade de relacionar dados estatísticos da classificação de cor/raça descritas pelo IBGE, com a representação da mulher negra nas eleições e examinar a cota de gênero nos pleitos, além de pontuar a partir de entrevistas com candidatas negras sobre suas trajetórias políticas e determinadas dificuldades enfrentadas no período eleitoral, este trabalho visa analisar a sub-representatividade parlamentar da mulher negra nas eleições de 2014 e os elementos influenciadores da não equidade na disputa de poder. 
Survival Outcomes of an Early Intervention Smoking Cessation Treatment After a Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Cinciripini Paul M. , Kypriotakis George , Blalock Janice A. , Karam-Hage Maher , Beneventi Diane M. , Robinson Jason D. , Minnix Jennifer A. , Warren Graham W.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Smoking after a cancer diagnosis increases mortality and risk for a second cancer.

Objective

To determine the association between time of entry into a smoking cessation intervention following a cancer diagnosis and survival outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Using a prospective cohort study design, patients with cancer who smoked and received cessation treatment were assessed at 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months following tobacco treatment onset. Survival outcomes of tobacco treatment were measured and compared among patients at the MD Anderson Cancer Center Tobacco Research and Treatment Program. Treatment occurred between January 1, 2006, and March 3, 2022. Patients were excluded if they died before the tobacco treatment ended, received their diagnosis more than 6 months after beginning cessation treatment, or lacked staging information. The data analysis took place from September 2023 to May 2024.

Interventions

Cessation treatment consisted of 6 to 8 personalized counseling visits and 10 to 12 weeks of pharmacotherapy. More than 95% of visits were provided via telemedicine.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were survival as recorded in the MD Anderson Cancer Center tumor registry and 7-day point prevalence abstinence at each follow-up.

Results

The main analytical sample consisted of 4526 currently smoking patients diagnosed with cancer and receiving cessation treatment (2254 [49.8%] female; median [IQR] age, 55 [47-62] years). Survival over 15 years increased for those quitting smoking at 3 months (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.75 [95% CI, 0.67-0.83]), 6 months (aHR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.71-0.88]), and 9 months (aHR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.76-0.95]) of follow-up. The optimal survival outcomes were observed for patients who received tobacco treatment within 6 months of a cancer diagnosis. At the 75th percentile, their survival increased from 2.1 years (95% CI, 1.8-2.4 years) among continuing smokers (nonabstainers) vs 3.9 years (95% CI, 3.2-4.6 years) for patients who quit (abstainers). Similar but less pronounced outcomes were noted when tobacco treatment began within 6 months to 5 years following diagnosis, with survival at the 75th percentile of 4.8 years (95% CI, 4.3-5.3 years) for nonabstainers vs 6.0 years (95% CI, 5.1-7.2 years) for abstainers.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this prospective cohort study suggest that evidence-based smoking cessation treatment within 6 months following a cancer diagnosis maximizes survival benefit. This study supports smoking cessation as an important early clinical intervention for patients after being diagnosed with cancer.
Economic Burden of Late-Stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Bulgaria, Germany, and the US
Authors: Paudel Nabin , Brady Laura , Stratieva Petia , Galvin Orla , Lui Beverly , Van den Brande Iris , Malkowski Jean-Pierre , Rebeira Mayvis , MacAllister Simon , O’Riordan Tara , Daly Avril
Published: October 2024

Importance

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a highly prevalent and debilitating retinal condition that affects more than 200 million people globally, with the severe late-stage forms—neovascular AMD (nAMD) and geographic atrophy (GA)—affecting more than 11 million people globally. However, much is unknown about the economic burden of the disease.

Objective

To estimate the economic burden associated with late-stage AMD in Bulgaria, Germany, and the US at the societal level.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This study used the prevalence approach cost-of-illness economic modeling to estimate costs attributable to late-stage AMD. Data on health care resource utilization, well-being, and productivity were obtained via primary data collection. Additional data required for the model were sourced from available published literature. Data were collected from January 2021 to March 2022, and analyzed from April to July 2022. Participants older than 50 years residing in Bulgaria, Germany, and the US who were diagnosed with late-stage AMD (nAMD or any form of GA) in 1 or both eyes and caregivers who care for people diagnosed with late-stage AMD were recruited through ophthalmological clinics in Bulgaria and Germany and via online newsletters and social media in the US.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were direct medical costs (disease-related health care expenditures), indirect medical costs (care support and assistive technology), well-being cost (loss of well-being), and productivity cost (loss in productivity due to the diseases for both patient and caregivers).

Results

Of the 128 individuals with late-stage AMD in this study, 80 (62%) were female, and 120 (94%) were aged 60 years or older. Of the 61 caregivers, 43 (70%) were female and 55 (91%) were aged 45 years or older. Estimated per-annum total costs attributable to late-stage AMD were €449.5 million ($512.5 million) in Bulgaria, €7.6 billion ($8.6 billion) in Germany, and €43.2 billion ($49.4 billion) in the US. Across all countries, 10% to 13% of the total cost incurred was attributed to direct medical costs. In Germany and Bulgaria, the biggest contributor to the total economic burden was reduced well-being (67% and 76%, respectively), whereas in the US, loss of productivity (42%) was the biggest contributor.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this study indicate a substantial burden of late-stage AMD on patients and caregivers in the US, Germany, and Bulgaria. Across the 3 countries, reduced well-being and loss of productivity were relatively large contributors to the total economic burden. Implementing measures to reduce AMD incidence, delay disease progression, and alleviate humanistic burden may help reduce the economic burden of late-stage AMD.
Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion in an Adolescent Male
Authors: Chen Darren A. , Hu Jennifer C. W. , McKay K. Matthew
Published: October 2024

A 17-year-old male with an unremarkable medical history presented with 2 days of painless blurred vision in the right eye. Three weeks prior, he was admitted with fever, myalgias, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and truncal rash. What would you do next?
Prevention of Depression Should Be Integral to Comprehensive Head and Neck Cancer Care
Authors: Panwar Aru , Tolan Claire , Lydiatt William
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint discusses prophylactic antidepressant use for depression prevention in patients with head and neck cancer and the need to include recommendations for depression prevention in guidelines for these patients.
The Effect of Pressure on Phase Stability and Mechanical Properties of Ti‐xSn Alloys
Authors: Li Yongkun , Tang Yong , Liu Jinduo , Wu Wenzhuan , Xi Lin , Shu Da
Published: October 2024

The reaction of Sn trace element with Ti will produce metal compounds and affect the mechanical properties of Ti‐Sn alloy. Herein, Ti‐xSn (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 wt%) alloy is prepared by laser cladding technology. The phase composition is detected by X‐ray diffraction. The effects of pressure on the mechanical properties and electronic structures of Ti3Sn, Ti2Sn compounds, α‐Ti, and β‐Ti are calculated by first principles. The results show that there are four phases of Ti3Sn, Ti2Sn, α‐Ti, and β‐Ti in the alloy. The calculation shows that Ti2Sn has the highest Young's modulus (154.97 GPa) and hardness (837.75 HV), followed by α‐Ti and Ti3Sn, and β‐Ti has the lowest. The hardness calculation results show that Ti2Sn has the highest hardness (837.75 HV), α‐Ti (561.22 HV), and Ti3Sn (290.81 HV), and β‐Ti has the lowest hardness (128.57 HV). The electron accumulation of each phase increases with the increase of pressure, and the covalent bond of Ti3Sn and Ti2Sn is strengthened. In particular, the presence of Ti2Sn significantly improves the hardness of the Ti‐25Sn alloy. This research elucidates Ti‐Sn compound phase stability and hardness, confirms the accuracy of the first principle, and provides valuable insights for the design of alloy compositions.
Visualized Detection of Lithium Plating on Graphite Anodes Cycled Under Low Temperature and Fast Charging
Authors: Xu Guojie , Wang Mengshi , Song Youzhi , Wei Yen , Ren Dongsheng , Wang Cheng , Wang Jianlong , He Xiangming , Yang Yang
Published: October 2024

Lithium‐ion batteries are currently the most widely used electrochemical energy storage devices. However, the most used graphite anode faces severe lithium plating issues when charging at low temperatures or high rates, leading to battery's capacity decay and even safety concerns. Therefore, visually and quantitatively detecting lithium plating is extremely important to analyze battery's performances. Here a convenient, rapid‐response, visual, and semi‐quantitative technique, namely fluorescence probe, is put forward to visually and quantitatively detect lithium plating on graphite anodes. A commercially available aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecule (4′‐hydroxychalcone) is introduced as a probe. The hydroxyl group of 4′‐hydroxychalcone can rapidly and sensitively react with plated lithium, instantaneously emerging an intensive yellow fluorescence within seconds; while 4′‐hydroxychalcone undergoes fluorescence quenching when directly contacting with graphite. Based on this, not only the uneven distribution of plated lithium on graphite anodes can be simply and clearly visualized and detected after being charged at low temperatures or high rates, but also the semi‐quantitative relationship between fluorescence intensity and the amount of plated lithium can be well established. Therefore, this work puts forward a practical solution for analyzing lithium plating on graphite anodes, offering a practical approach for failure analysis of lithium‐ion batteries used in various scenarios.
Electrochemically‐Switched Microwave Response of MXene in Organic Electrolyte
Authors: Fei Wenkun , Li Jianmin , Ma Linfeng , Zhou Tongqing , Zhu Xianjun , He Xingyu , Liu Shujuan , Bian Jing , Zhao Qiang
Published: October 2024

The increasingly complex electromagnetic (EM) environment necessitates advanced electrically controllable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials that can adapt to varying EM conditions. This study develops a flexible electrochemically tunable EMI shielding device based on ultrathin Ti3C2Tx MXene films, exhibiting reversible shielding effectiveness (SE) modulation from 18.9 to 26.2 dB in X band at 0.1 and −1.5 V. Unlike the previously reported mechanism relying on interlayer spacing adjustments, the work leverages transformations of charging state and surface chemistry for tunability during the electrochemical process. The Ti3C2Tx flake size is also evidenced to play a crucial role, with smaller flakes offering higher absorption modulation despite lower SE modulation, enabling the device with high designability. When integrated with Salisbury screen structure, the device achieves adjustable absorption from 93.560% at 0.1 V to 99.996% at −1 V, showing a tunable reflection suppression ratio up to 32 dB with an effective bandwidth of 4.2 GHz. Additionally, incorporating resonant cavity structure enables absorption‐dominated (over 90%) microwave‐responsive switching at 0.1 and −1.5 V. This work highlights significant potential of adaptive EMI shielding materials for applications in smart electronic protection, EM switch, and radar camouflage.
Intelligent Nanomaterial Image Characterizations – A Comprehensive Review on AI Techniques that Power the Present and Drive the Future of Nanoscience
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Umapathi , Balasubramani Sukanya
Published: October 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is pivotal in advancing science, including nanomaterial studies. This review explores AI‐based image processing in nanoscience, focusing on algorithms to enhance characterization results from instruments like scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy etc. It addresses the significance of AI in nanoscience, challenges in advancing AI‐based image processing for nano material characterization, and AI's role in structural analysis, property prediction, deriving structure‐property relations, dataset augmentation, and improving model robustness. Key AI techniques such as Graph Neural Networks, adversarial training, transfer learning, generative models, attention mechanisms, and federated learning are highlighted for their contributions to nano science studies. The review concludes by outlining persisting challenges and thrust areas for future research, aiming to propel nanoscience with AI. This comprehensive analysis underscores the importance of AI‐powered image processing in nanomaterial characterization, offering valuable insights for researchers.
Acoustic Waves Coupling with Polydimethylsiloxane in Reconfigurable Acoustofluidic Platform
Authors: Park Jeongeun , Cha Beomseok , Almus Furkan Ginaz , Sahin Mehmet Akif , Kang Hyochan , Kang Yeseul , Destgeer Ghulam , Park Jinsoo
Published: October 2024

Acoustofluidics is a promising technology that leverages acoustic waves for precise manipulation of micro/nano‐scale flows and suspended objects within microchannels. Despite many advantages, the practical applicability of conventional acoustofluidic platforms is limited by irreversible bonding between the piezoelectric actuator and the microfluidic chip. Recently, reconfigurable acoustofluidic platforms are enabled by reversible bonding between the reusable actuator and the replaceable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip by incorporating a PDMS membrane for sealing the microchannel and coupling the acoustic waves with the fluid inside. However, a quantitative guideline for selecting a suitable PDMS membrane for various acoustofluidic applications is still missing. Here, a design rule for reconfigurable acoustofluidic platforms is explored based on a thorough investigation of the PDMS thickness effect on acoustofluidic phenomena: acousto–thermal heating (ATH), acoustic radiation force (ARF), and acoustic streaming flow (ASF). These findings suggest that the relative thickness of the PDMS membrane (t) for acoustic wavelength (λPDMS) determines the wave attenuation in the PDMS and the acoustofluidic phenomena. For t/λPDMS ≈ O(1), the transmission of acoustic waves through the membrane leads to the ARF and ASF phenomena, whereas, for t/λPDMS ≈ O(10), the acoustic waves are entirely absorbed within the membrane, resulting in the ATH phenomenon.
PPM1G Inhibits Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Cholangiocarcinoma by Catalyzing TET1 Dephosphorylation for Destabilization to Impair Its Targeted Demethylation of the CLDN3 Promoter
Authors: Liu Wenzheng , Kuai Yiyang , Wang Da , Chen Junsheng , Xiong Fei , Wu Guanhua , Wang Qi , Huang Wenhua , Qi Yongqiang , Wang Bing , Chen Yongjun
Published: October 2024

Ten–eleven translocation protein 1 (TET1) functions as an epigenetic regulatory molecule, mediating the majority of DNA demethylation, and plays a role in the development of different types of cancers by regulating the expression of proto‐oncogenes and oncogenes. Here it is found that TET1 is highly expressed in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and is associated with a poor prognosis. In addition, TET1 promotes claudin‐3 (CLDN3) transcription by targeting the CLDN3 promoter region between −16 and 512 for demethylation. PPM1G functions as a protein dephosphorylase, catalyzing the dephosphorylation of TET1. This results in the destabilization of the TET1 protein, thereby impairing the targeting of the CLDN3 promoter for demethylation. Two phosphatase inhibitors, staurosporine and AZD0156, inhibit epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cholangiocarcinoma cells by suppressing TET1 expression. In conclusion, it is also demonstrated that PPM1G can be employed as a therapeutic target to impede the progression of CCA by catalyzing the dephosphorylation of TET1, which diminishes the capacity of TET1 to target the CLDN3 promoter to activate transcription and inhibit EMT in CCA.
Cryo‐X‐Ray Phase Contrast Imaging Enables Combined 3D Structural Quantification and Nucleic Acid Analysis of Myocardial Biopsies
Authors: Li Kan Yan Chloe , Syrris Petros , Bonnin Anne , Treibel Thomas A , Budhram‐Mahadeo Vishwanie , Dejea Hector , Cook Andrew C
Published: October 2024

Snap‐frozen biopsies serve as a valuable clinical resource of archival material for disease research, as they enable a comprehensive array of downstream analyses to be performed, including extraction and sequencing of nucleic acids. Obtaining three‐dimensional (3D) structural information before multi‐omics is more challenging but can potentially allow for better characterization of tissues and targeting of clinically relevant cells. Conventional histological techniques are limited in this regard due to their destructive nature and the reconstruction artifacts produced by sectioning, dehydration, and chemical processing. These limitations are particularly notable in soft tissues such as the heart. In this study, the feasibility of using synchrotron‐based cryo‐X‐ray phase contrast imaging (cryo‐X‐PCI) of snap‐frozen myocardial biopsies is assessed and 3D structure tensor analysis of aggregated myocytes, followed by nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) extraction and analysis. It is shown that optimal sample preparation is the key driver for successful structural and nucleic acid preservation which is unaffected by the process of cryo‐X‐PCI. It is proposed that cryo‐X‐PCI has clinical value for 3D tissue analysis of cardiac and potentially non‐cardiac soft tissue biopsies before nucleic acid investigation.
SmokeNav: Millimeter‐Wave‐Radar/Inertial Measurement Unit Integrated Positioning and Semantic Mapping in Visually Degraded Environments for First Responders
Authors: Chen Changhao , Yao Zhiqiang , Jiang Junlin , Pan Xianfei , He Xiaofeng , Chen Ze , Wang Bing
Published: October 2024

First responders often face hazardous and life‐threatening situations in environments filled with smoke, posing significant risks to their safety. The existing perception solutions, such as camera or light detection and ranging (LiDAR)‐based methods, are inadequate when faced with visually degraded conditions caused by smoke. In this work, SmokeNav, a novel system that combines data from an inertial sensor and millimeter‐wave (mmWave) radar, is proposed to enhance situational awareness for first responders in smoky environments. SmokeNav utilizes an inertial positioning module that exploits the human motion constraints with a foot‐mounted inertial measurement unit to provide accurate user localization. By integrating this location information with mmWave radar data, it employs a probabilistic occupancy map construction to reconstruct an accurate metric map. To enable semantic understanding of the environment, a DNN‐based semantic segmentation model that incorporates radar reflectivity and employs focal loss to improve performance is introduced. Herein, extensive real‐world experiments in smoky environments is conducted to demonstrate that SmokeNav precisely localizes the user and generates detailed maps with semantic segmentation. In this work, potentials are held for enhancing the safety and effectiveness of first responders in hazardous conditions.
Design and Optimization of an Origami Gripper for Versatile Grasping and Manipulation
Authors: Cao Hanwen , Zhou Jianshu , Chen Kai , He Qiguang , Dou Qi , Liu Yun‐Hui
Published: October 2024

Robotic grasping and manipulation demand the ability to handle a multitude of objects with different shapes, sizes, quantities, surface smoothness, vulnerability, and stiffness, which is challenging without prior knowledge about object properties. Herein, a novel origami‐inspired gripper for universal grasping is presented. The innovative structure seamlessly transforms a simple uniaxial pulling motion into a flexible and robust envelope or pinch grasp, enabling it to tackle various scenarios. The origami gripper offers distinctive advantages, including scalable and optimizable design, grasping compliance and robustness, providing material flexibility, and providing solutions to challenging manipulation tasks. The working principles of the origami gripper are characterized and analyzed. An optimization‐based inverse design method is presented to adjust gripper properties for various scenarios. Through comprehensive experimentation and evaluation, the gripper's capabilities to grasp various objects with a wide range of distinctive properties, including ultrasoft, slippery, granular, and multiple objects, which is a challenge for the existing robotic grippers, are demonstrated. The research holds promise for transformative applications in areas such as the food industry, waste handling, fine and fragile objects grasping, and environmental sampling.
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Meta‐Analysis of High‐Quality Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Alkhiri Ahmed , Alamri Aser F. , Almaghrabi Ahmed A. , Alturki Fahad , Alghamdi Basil A. , Alharbi Abdullah , Salamatullah Hassan K. , Alzawahmah Mohamed , Al‐Otaibi Faisal , Alturki Abdulrahman Y. , Dowlatshahi Dar , Demchuk Andrew M. , Ziai Wendy C. , Kellner Christopher P. , Alhazzani Adel , Al‐Ajlan Fahad S.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses high mortality and morbidity rates with limited evidence‐based therapeutic approaches. We aimed to evaluate the current evidence for the role of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in the management of ICH.

Methods

This systematic review and meta‐analysis followed recommended guidelines and protocols. Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception up to April 12, 2024. The inclusion was restricted to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of high quality, ensuring they were not deemed to have a high risk of bias in any of the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB2) domains. Primary outcomes were good functional outcome (modified Rankin scale, 0–3) and mortality beyond 90 days. Secondary outcomes were early mortality within 30 days and rebleeding rates. We pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random‐effects models.

Results

Fourteen high‐quality RCTs were included. There were 3,027 patients with ICH (1,475 randomized to MIS, and 1,452 randomized to medical management or craniotomy). Of included patients, 1,899 (62.7%) were males. MIS resulted in higher odds of achieving long‐term good functional outcome (OR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.25–1.82]), lower odds of long‐term mortality (OR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.57–0.90]) and lower odds of early mortality (OR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.56–0.95]). Rebleeding rates were similar (OR, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.55–2.19]). The treatment effect of MIS was consistent across multiple sensitivity and subgroup analyses, including individuals with deep ICH.

Interpretation

This meta‐analysis provides high‐quality clinical trial evidence supporting the use of MIS as a primary treatment strategy in the management of ICH. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:185–194
A Crystalline Mesoionic Diazasilole Featuring Low‐Valent Silicon
Authors: Lan Xiaofang , Wang Hongyu , Liang Qiuming , Liu Liu Leo
Published: October 2024

A 1,4,2‐diazasilole containing a low‐valent silicon atom has been synthesized employing a bulky imino N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand. This molecular structure is characterized by a mesoionic C2N2Si five‐membered ring, notable for its delocalized π electrons, intrinsic charge‐separated zwitterionic properties, and a distinctly nucleophilic silicon center, culminating in 6π aromaticity. This compound manifests either mesoionic silylene or silylone characteristics upon coordination with transition metals. Demonstrating extraordinary versatility, this compound engages in diverse reactions such as coordination with iron or iridium, oxidation by S8, intramolecular ring saturation under the coordination influence of iridium, silicon atom transfer facilitated by Ph2Se2, ring contraction induced by Ph2Te2, and skeletal rearrangement triggered by Et3N•HCl. These reactions culminate in the formation of a variety of unprecedented silicon‐based heterocycles, which are typically formidable to achieve using conventional methods. This study unveils previously unexplored facets of low‐valent 1,4,2‐diazasilole, positioning it as a promising foundational building block for future innovations in unique silicon compounds.