bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fisheries exploitation of the Halda River, Bangladesh
Authors: Arshad-Ul-Alam Mohammad , Azadi Mohammad Ali
Published: July 2016

Fish exploitation of the Halda River was investigated for two years period from January 2007 to December 2008 to know the variation of CPUA (Catch Per Unit Area kg.ha-1year-1) among the three studied sections, months and between two years. The mean CPUA for pooled data was 295.685, 433.219, 524.449 and 411.887 kg.ha-1year-1 for the year 2007 and 415.987, 636.808, 566.515 and 527.545 kg.ha-1year-1 for the year 2008 in upstream (section 1), midstream (section 2), downstream (section 3) and over the total study area of the River Halda respectively. Analysis of variance showed highly significant difference of CPUA among gears and months. No significant difference of CPUA was observed among sections. Combined CPUA during 2008 observed higher and statistically significant than previous year.
desigualdad de ingreso y salud en Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Acosta Sandra
Published: July 2016

Este trabajo plantea dos propósitos, el primero verificar si las condiciones económicas contextuales influyen en la salud autopercibida, independiente del estatus socioeconómico del individuo. Y segundo, explorar los mecanismos que operarían en el nivel de las regiones y que podrían explicar la influencia de las condiciones económicas estructurales, sobre la percepción de una salud pobre. Para esto se utiliza una metodología de análisis multinivel que permite separar los factores individuales y contextuales que influyen sobre la percepción de salud. Entre los resultados, se muestra que el estatus socioeconómico es un determinante fundamental de la percepción de salud de la población. No obstante, permanecen diferencias significativas en la salud percibida, aun después de controlar por la riqueza individual, el nivel educativo y la pertenencia étnica. Estas solo desaparecen cuando se tiene en cuenta la desigualdad de ingreso.
Planejamento estratégico participativo em uma instituição de ensino superior (IES) comunitária
Authors: Ferreira Marcus Vinicius Anátocles , Serra Fernando Antonio Ribeiro , Ferreira Manuel Portugal , Santos Neri dos
Published: July 2016

Este artigo propõe uma metodologia de participação da comunidade de gestores universitários e stakeholders para validação das questões e determinação das estratégias no processo de Planejamento Estratégico em IES comunitária. Propõe ainda um mecanismo de participação que considera uma visão sistêmica e evolutiva na proposição, estruturação e no processo de operacionalização do planejamento estratégico, preservando as características das comunidades das IES. A utilização de entrevistas, reuniões, seminários e trabalhos com membros das comunidades envolvidas através de grupos de trabalho e comitês, servem como forma de legitimação dos resultados e para realizar um pensamento estratégico integrado.
The Intercultural Identities of Nonnative English Teachers: An Overview of Research Worldwide
Authors: Chen Dadi , Tigelaar Dineke E.H. , Verloop Nico
Published: July 2016

Nonnative-English-speaking teachers who teach English as a second or foreign language (ESL/EFL) can play an important role in the promotion of intercultural competence and often have an advantage over native-English-speaking ESL/EFL teachers because they once were language learners and more aware of the difficulties that students can encounter. Therefore, a better understanding is needed of nonnative ESL/EFL teachers in language-and-culture teaching contexts. Research on how these teachers view themselves in relation to two or more cultural groups, i.e., teachers’ intercultural identities is useful in this respect, but has been scarce. In the present study, we systematically reviewed 21 studies on the intercultural identities of nonnative ESL/EFL teachers. Our study provides insight in key characteristics of these teachers’ intercultural identities, factors in the formation of these teachers’ intercultural identities, inconsistencies in studies to date, and directions for further research.
Relato de experiência do Pibid Interdisciplinar História, Geografia e Letras: olhares em convergência, vivências e aprendizados na educação básica
Authors: Lima Ferreira Carlos Augusto , Silva Santa Rosa Macêdo Leonardo , Nogueira Aragão Lusanira , Queiroz Pinheiro Sandra Cristina
Published: July 2016

O artigo apresenta um relato da experiência interdisciplinar vivenciada em duas escolas públicas do município de Feira de Santana, Bahia, desenvolvido pela Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS). Essas escolas são o lócus de atuação dos professores supervisores, espaço em que os bolsistas licenciandos tiveram o contato com a realidade escolar. O papel do supervisor do Pibid Interdisciplinar da UEFS é mediar o trabalho dos bolsistas de Iniciação a Docência, professores e alunos das escolas básicas, favorecendo o permanente diálogo e a troca de conhecimentos que contribuirão para um processo de ensino e aprendizagem significativo e contextualizado. As atividades desenvolvidas no Pibid Interdisciplinar permitiram que professores e alunos aperfeiçoassem, construíssem e reconstruíssem a leitura e reflexão dos diversos gêneros textuais promovendo neles a capacidade de argumentar, de posicionar-se criticamente sobre o que acontece no seu entorno e ao redor do mundo, contribuindo para a renovação do processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
Treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss with hyperbaric oxygenation - our experience
Authors: Zivaljevic Zvonko , Zivic Ljubica , Mihailovic Natasa , Zivkovic Miodrag , Vorkapic Branko , Baletic Nenad
Published: July 2016

Background/Aim. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is manifested by the loss of hearing for more than 30 dB at three consecutive frequencies in the timeframe of 72 h. It is of unclear etiology and pathogenesis, which leads to the use of different therapeutic methods. Treatment protocols are not compliant, making it difficult to objectively quantify their impact. The aim of this study was to show the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy as the only method for the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Methods. This retrospective study included 20 patients treated for sudden sensorineural hearing loss with hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in the period from 2004 to 2014. The study was conducted in the specialized medical clinic for hyperbaric and underwater medicine, HBO Medical Center in Belgrade. The patients were treated according to the following protocol: a session of 60 min at the pressure of 2 bars (2ATA) two times a day, a total of 30 sessions. Assessment of the therapy effects was performed by observing the change in the hearing threshold at the frequencies of 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 Hz at the end of the treatment. Results. After the completion of treatment according to the protocol, a full hearing recovery (total improvement of hearing damage or achieving final hearing threshold above 25 dB) was found in 11 (55%) of the patients. A partial recovery (hearing improvement of up to 15 dB, and a final hearing threshold below 45 dB) occurred in 4 (20%) of the patients. In 5 (25%) of the patients, improvement was not verified (there was no recovery or it was less than 5 dB). The average absolute hearing recovery was 24.94 dB. The mean relative hearing recovery was 65.45%. Conclusion. Because of the unclear multifactorial etiopathogenesis of this disease, there are many therapeutic protocols. Based on the results of our study HBO therapy could be recommended primarily as the treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Influences of the Edge Area Preparation Suitable for EBSD of Ferrous Materials of Different Degrees of Hardness
Authors: Rochlus K. , Slawik S. , Mücklich F.
Published: July 2016

Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) is a sensitive method to analyze samples with regard to their surface deformation condition. Hence, a possibly planar cross section without edge rounding as well as a best possible sample preparation are essential for the examination of edge areas up to the edge. Both objectives are quite contrary to each other, so that a comprehensive examination is important. Using Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and taking the example of soft pure iron, it was examined how different grinding media as well as mounting resins affect the cross section. The preparation quality was quantified by means of the EBSD Image Quality (IQ). The findings obtained were applied to the preparation of harder, technologically more relevant ferrous materials. It could be evidenced that the preparation using epoxy resin in combination with hardness regulator is a feasible method which meets both requirements.
Phase Characterization of a Biocompatible Co-Cr-W Alloy Via Correlative Microscopy
Authors: Weißensteiner I. , Voigt P. , Maier-Kiener V. , Clemens H.
Published: July 2016

In this study, a Co-24Cr-8W–3Mo alloy (weight-%) is examined as cast and after hot isostatic pressing in a scanning electron microscope to identify the occurring phases through electron backscatter diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Tint etching and heat tinting were used to make the phases distinguishable even in the light microscope and thus be able to quantitatively evaluate the phase fractions without electron microscopy. The impact of hot isostatic pressing was examined in terms of phase fractions, the single phases' chemical composition and macroscopic hardness.
Air Quality and Health Impacts of Future Ethanol Production and Use in São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Scovronick Noah , França Daniela , Alonso Marcelo , Almeida Claudia , Longo Karla , Freitas Saulo , Rudorff Bernardo , Wilkinson Paul
Published: July 2016

It is often argued that liquid biofuels are cleaner than fossil fuels, and therefore better for human health, however, the evidence on this issue is still unclear. Brazil’s high uptake of ethanol and role as a major producer makes it the most appropriate case study to assess the merits of different biofuel policies. Accordingly, we modeled the impact on air quality and health of two future fuel scenarios in São Paulo State: a business-as-usual scenario where ethanol production and use proceeds according to government predictions and a counterfactual scenario where ethanol is frozen at 2010 levels and future transport fuel demand is met with gasoline. The population-weighted exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone was 3.0 μg/m3 and 0.3 ppb lower, respectively, in 2020 in the scenario emphasizing gasoline compared with the business-as-usual (ethanol) scenario. The lower exposure to both pollutants in the gasoline scenario would result in the population living 1100 additional life-years in the first year, and if sustained, would increase to 40,000 life-years in year 20 and continue to rise. Without additional measures to limit emissions, increasing the use of ethanol in Brazil could lead to higher air pollution-related population health burdens when compared to policy that prioritizes gasoline.
Information and Meaning
Authors: Walton Paul
Published: July 2016

This paper considers the relationship between information and meaning through an analysis of a set of measures of information. Since meaning is expressed using information the analysis of the measures illuminates the relationship. The conventions that govern the production and exchange of information are the outcome of selection processes, so the quality of information (as expressed in the measures) is subject to limitations caused by selection. These limitations are analysed using a technique called viewpoint analysis that enables the measures and their relationship with meaning to be examined. Viewpoint analysis is applied to several logical paradoxes and resolves them in a manner consistent with common sense. Finally, the approach is used to address Floridi’s questions about the philosophy of information associated with meaning.
Biomineralization of Engineered Spider Silk Protein-Based Composite Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Hardy John , Torres-Rendon Jose , Leal-Egaña Aldo , Walther Andreas , Schlaad Helmut , Cölfen Helmut , Scheibel Thomas
Published: July 2016

Materials based on biodegradable polyesters, such as poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) or poly(butylene terephthalate-co-poly(alkylene glycol) terephthalate) (PBTAT), have potential application as pro-regenerative scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Herein, the preparation of films composed of PBT or PBTAT and an engineered spider silk protein, (eADF4(C16)), that displays multiple carboxylic acid moieties capable of binding calcium ions and facilitating their biomineralization with calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate is reported. Human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on films mineralized with calcium phosphate show enhanced levels of alkaline phosphatase activity suggesting that such composites have potential use for bone tissue engineering.
Development of a Quantifiable Approach in Monitoring the Fatigue Cracks Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Khoo Sze Wei , Karuppanan Saravanan , Tan Ching Seong
Published: July 2016

From the viewpoint of engineering, fatigue is an important issue as most of the mechanical failures are associated with fatigue damage. In fact, these disastrous events had occurred unexpectedly during the regular working conditions and most of the time the applied stresses are well below the yield strength of the material. Thus, it makes the prediction of fatigue damage a challenging task in the field of engineering, especially when the manmade structures and machines are getting more complex than before. Even though fatigue has been studied extensively in the past 170 years, many limitations are still being found within the current fatigue analysis, testing and the non-destructive inspection. Hence, there is a great need to develop a precise and yet efficient inspection technique in quantifying the fatigue cracks. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a quantifiable approach in monitoring the fatigue cracks using digital image correlation technique. This can be achieved by using a developed two-dimensional sub-pixel accuracy deformation measurement algorithm which determines the deformation parameters of the first-order shape function of a material subjected to cyclic loading. Next, fatigue tests for samples made of mild steel (Grade: JIS G 3101 SS400) were conducted in accordance to the ASTM E466. Simultaneously, an industrial grade camera was used to capture the fatigue crack’s region at a specific interval until the sample broke into two pieces. The captured images were then analysed and the deformation parameters such as translations, normal and shear strains values were determined by using the developed digital image correlation algorithm. Based on the determined deformation patterns, a specific trend was observed throughout the graphs of respective deformation parameters against the number of cycles. Besides, drastic changes were observed when the average number of cycles was approaching 95.5% (min. loading) and 93.8% (max. loading) of the total fatigue life. In conclusion, the digital image correlation technique was proven to be capable in monitoring the severity of a fatigue crack and the proposed monitoring system would serve as an inspection technique in examining the fatigue damage of a structural component throughout its operational period.
Synthesis of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays in NaOH Added Ethylene Glycol Electrolyte and the Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Nanotube Arrays to their Photocurrent Performance
Authors: Taib Mustaffa Ali Azhar , Kawamura G. , Matsuda Atsunori , Jaafar Mariatti , Razak Khairunisak Abdul , Lockman Zainovia
Published: July 2016

The present study employs NaOH as an oxygen source in fluorinated ethylene glycol (EG) electrolyte for the formation of titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TiO2 NTs) by anodic process. The nanotube formed were 125 nm in diameter with length of ~ 7 µm after 30 min of anodization. They were then annealed to study the effect of annealing temperature on the photocurrent generated by the TiO2 NTs. It is found that TiO2 NTs annealed at 400 °C has the highest photocurrent (0.716 mA cm-2 at 0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl). This is attributed to the crystallinity (mostly anatase) of the TiO2 NTs as well as the nanotubular structure which retains at this temperature but not at higher temperature.
Study on Interlaminar Shear Strength of Angle Ply Oriented Basalt-Carbon Hybrid Composite
Authors: Mengal Ali Nawaz , Karuppanan Saravanan
Published: July 2016

In this study inter-laminar shear strength of basalt-carbon hybrid composite was investigated experimentally and numerically. The finite element model was generated in ANSYS® software. The main aim of this paper was to determine the influence of fiber orientation on interlaminar shear strength, and to estimate the interlaminar shear strength of angle ply oriented basalt-carbon hybrid composite laminates. The tested specimens with varying orientations were prepared using hand lay-up technique. Short beam shear test under three point bending was performed through ASTM D2344. The input data for finite element analysis was obtained from three point bending test. Numerical results obtained from ANSYS showed good correlation with experimental results. From the obtained results of experimental and FEA analysis the effect of fiber orientation was proved on interlaminar shear strength of basalt-carbon hybrid composite laminates.
Effect of Ferrocene Catalyst and Hydrogen Feed on Microstructures of Vertically Aligned MWCNTs
Authors: Shukrullah Shazia , Mohamed Norani Muti , Shaharun Maizatul Shima , Yasar Muhammad
Published: July 2016

This study investigated the effect of catalyst amount on chemical vapour deposition (CVD) growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with and without hydrogen feed. The ferrocene weight was varied from 100 mg to 200 mg for CNTs growth over Si/SiO2/Al2O3 substrate. Very few CNTs were seen in micrographs of the samples produced in the absence of the hydrogen feed. Most of the carbon atoms precipitated into amorphous carbon due to existence of inactive catalyst particles. However, CNT structures grown with hydrogen feed were more distinct; the nanotubes were thinner, straight and highly crystalline. MWCNTs arrays/forest length was also increased from 120 µm to 850 µm with hydrogen feed. An increase in catalyst weight significantly affected the diameter, crystallinity, alignment and growth of nanotubes. The lowest inner-shell spacing of 0.348 nm was obtained with 150 mg of ferrocene, which is an indication of growth of relatively pure CNTs. Under the optimum conditions, the areal density of the ferrocene particles was sufficiently increased to get required alignment and crystallinity of MWCNTs.
Uso del blog para el desarrollo de la capacidad de comunicación matemática en la Educación Secundaria
Authors: Sánchez Paredes Gaby María , Vargas D'Uniam Clara Jessica
Published: July 2016

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el uso del blog como recurso educativo para el desarrollo de la comunicación matemática en la educación secundaria. Con este propósito se analizan cuatro aspectos: organización del pensamiento matemático a través de la comunicación; comunicación del pensamiento matemático; análisis y evaluación de las estrategias y pensamiento matemático de los demás; y expresión de ideas matemáticas empleando lenguaje matemático. El estudio se realizó bajo un enfoque cualitativo a nivel exploratorio, a través del método de estudio de caso de 4 aulas de segundo de secundaria de una escuela privada de Lima. Para ello, se utilizaron las técnicas de la observación de 20 publicaciones en el blog utilizado en las clases de matemáticas; del grupo focal con una muestra de 9 alumnas con diferentes niveles de rendimiento académico; y de una entrevista a la coordinadora académica de la escuela. Los resultados muestran que la organización del pensamiento matemático a través de la comunicación se realiza en el blog de manera escrita, gráfica y oral mediante explicaciones, esquemas y videos. En relación a la comunicación del pensamiento matemático, el blog es utilizado para describir conceptos, argumentos y procedimientos matemáticos con palabras y ejemplos del alumnado. El análisis y evaluación de las estrategias y el pensamiento matemático se realiza a través de comentarios y debates en torno a las publicaciones. Asimismo, se observó que el blog no facilita el uso del lenguaje matemático para expresar ideas matemáticas, puesto que no permite la escritura directa de símbolos ni la representación gráfica.
The Directed Reading-Thinking Activity (DR-TA) and the Traditional Approach Using Tales of Virtue based on His Majesty the King’s Teaching Concepts in Seventh Grade Students’ Reading Comprehension
Authors: Chaemsai Rungruedee , Rattanavich Saowalak
Published: July 2016

This study compares the English reading comprehension and ethical awareness of 7th grade students, when using either a directed reading-thinking activity (DR-TA), or a more traditional approach, involving tales of virtue based on His Majesty the King’s teaching concepts. A randomized control group pretest-posttest design was used for the study, and the data were analyzed using one-way MANOVA and t-tests for dependent samples. The results showed a significant difference in English reading comprehension, and ethical awareness of learning English reading, between both groups at .01 level. Students through the DR-TA method had significantly higher English reading comprehension, and increased ethical awareness, at the .01 level.
Wafering of ultra‐thin silicon substrates by MeV hydrogen implantation: effects of fluence and energy
Authors: Kuisseu Pauline Sylvia Pokam , Pingault Timothée , Ntsoenzok Esidor , Regula Gabrielle , Mazen Frédéric , Sauldubois Audrey , Andreazza Caroline
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we report on implantation parameters allowing the delamination of large surface of ultra‐thin silicon substrates by using MeV hydrogen implantation. We particularly focus on the effects of both hydrogen fluence and implantation energy, on the size of the largest delaminated surface in one piece. We demonstrate that thin silicon substrates with thicknesses between 30 µm and 70 µm can be extracted from silicon commercial wafers. In this study, the used‐material, the implantation energy and the hydrogen fluence ranges are (100) Si, 1.5 MeV‐2.5 MeV, 1×1017cm–2‐2×1017cm–2, respectively. We find that, by increasing hydrogen fluence, the maximum achievable surface of delaminated substrates in one piece can be doubled. Indeed, by XTEM, we observed that fracture precursor defects are mostly oriented along {111} in the case of the lowest fluence, which are unfavorable for a good surface‐parallel crack propagation. For the highest fluence, precursors are oriented along {100} which are parallel to the substrate surface, therefore they allow propagation over longer distances of cracks parallel to the substrate surface. We also find that, despite of the raise of the proportion of precursors oriented along {111}, the total surface of delaminated substrates significantly increases with the implantation energy. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The consonant length contrast in Persian: Production and perception
Authors: Hansen Benjamin B. , Myers Scott
Published: July 2016

Across languages, there is a tendency to avoid length contrasts in the most vowel-like consonant classes, such as glides or laryngeals. Such gaps could arise from the difficulty of determining where the boundary between vowel and consonant lies when the transition between them is gradual. This claim is tested in Persian (Farsi), which has length contrasts in all classes of consonants, including glides and laryngeals. Persian geminates were compared to singletons in three different speaking rates and seven different consonant classes. Geminates were found to have longer constriction intervals than singletons, and this length effect interacted with both speaking rate and manner of articulation. In one of two perception experiments, Persian speakers identified consonants as geminate or singleton in stimuli in which the constriction duration was systematically varied. The perceptual boundary between geminates and singletons was most sharply defined for obstruents and least so for laryngeals, as reflected by the breadth of the changeover region in the identification curve. In the other perception experiment, subjects identified the length class of glides differing in constriction duration and formant transition duration. Longer formant transitions led to more geminate responses and to a broader changeover interval.
Disrupted salience network functional connectivity and white-matter microstructure in persons at risk for psychosis: findings from the LYRIKS study
Authors: Wang C. , Ji F. , Hong Z. , Poh J. S. , Krishnan R. , Lee J. , Rekhi G. , Keefe R. S. E. , Adcock R. A. , Wood S. J. , Fornito A. , Pasternak O. , Chee M. W. L. , Zhou J.
Published: July 2016

Background

Salience network (SN) dysconnectivity has been hypothesized to contribute to schizophrenia. Nevertheless, little is known about the functional and structural dysconnectivity of SN in subjects at risk for psychosis. We hypothesized that SN functional and structural connectivity would be disrupted in subjects with At-Risk Mental State (ARMS) and would be associated with symptom severity and disease progression.

Method

We examined 87 ARMS and 37 healthy participants using both resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Group differences in SN functional and structural connectivity were examined using a seed-based approach and tract-based spatial statistics. Subject-level functional connectivity measures and diffusion indices of disrupted regions were correlated with CAARMS scores and compared between ARMS with and without transition to psychosis.

Results

ARMS subjects exhibited reduced functional connectivity between the left ventral anterior insula and other SN regions. Reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity were also found along white-matter tracts in close proximity to regions of disrupted functional connectivity, including frontal-striatal-thalamic circuits and the cingulum. FA measures extracted from these disrupted white-matter regions correlated with individual symptom severity in the ARMS group. Furthermore, functional connectivity between the bilateral insula and FA at the forceps minor were further reduced in subjects who transitioned to psychosis after 2 years.

Conclusions

Our findings support the insular dysconnectivity of the proximal SN hypothesis in the early stages of psychosis. Further developed, the combined structural and functional SN assays may inform the prognosis of persons at-risk for psychosis.
Hegel's Aesthetics: New Perspectives on its Response to Kant and Romanticism
Authors: Ameriks Karl
Published: July 2016

Above all else, Hegel can be said to be the master of context, the philosopher who insisted that properly understanding anything involves putting it in its full context, reconstructing its development and its relation to all that is around it. From the beginning of his career, Hegel did not hesitate to put into its place the work of his fellow philosophers; his analysis, critique, and supersession of them occurred all at once, and culminated when he located them within his Phenomenology of Spirit and the final system of his Encyclopedia. Long after Hegel's own era, and even after the sharp decline in the appeal of his specific system and of ambitious systematic philosophy in general, a looser form of Hegel's contextual approach remains very popular, and with good reason. Without giving in entirely to this approach, it is hard to resist the temptation to turn the tables on Hegel himself a bit. Hence, in casting a philosophical glance at the specific phenomenon of Hegel's own aesthetics, in an attempt to begin to evaluate just a few of its most distinctive characteristics (in part 2), I will proceed by first offering a sketch of how I believe his philosophy as a whole should be situated in the context of its own age and the development of German philosophy in general (in part 1).

Of course, my own interpretive perspective has its own context, external and internal. The external context is furnished by two other accounts providing slants on Hegel's aesthetics, slants that I believe are very understandable but in the end inadequate. The first of these slants is given by what I will call the “standard account,” which buys into most of Hegel's own characterization of his aesthetics (like his philosophy in general) as largely a welcome “objective” corrective to the supposedly “subjective” approach of Kant and the allegedly even more radically “subjectivistic” and arbitrary approach of the German Romantics. The second slant is to be found in Jean-Marie Schaeffer's recent book, Art of the Modern Age: Philosophy of Art from Kant to Heidegger. Schaeffer accepts much of the standard account, but he goes on to argue in an original way that the main aesthetic tradition of Germany — after Kant, from the early Romantics to Hegel and others until Heidegger — shares a large set of influential and highly questionable “speculative” presumptions, and that the sharing of this speculative approach is far more significant — and unfortunate — than whatever incidental differences can be found between various figures within this tradition.
Review Of Disaster Definitions
Authors: Al-Madhari A. F. , Keller A. Z.
Published: July 2016

Researchers need accurate, explicit definitions of terms in order to discuss, search for or indentify the consequences of any particular phenomenon. The term “disaster” is no exception. The many definitions used for definition of disaster are outlined in general and by the discipline using them in this paper. Although the definitions used still seem somewhat specific to the discipline, there is one common element accepted by all: a disaster is seen to occur at a well-defined and easily identified time.

It is not feasible to formulate a universally acceptable definition of disaster that will satisfy all practitioners, but common and agreed upon definitions must be formulated in the various fields and areas concerned with disasters, and where there exist recognizable, common sets of objectives.
Design of bifunctional quaternary phosphonium salt catalysts for CO2 fixation reaction with epoxides under mild conditions
Authors: Liu Shiyao , Suematsu Naoki , Maruoka Keiji , Shirakawa Seiji
Published: July 2016

An efficient synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 under mild reaction conditions was achieved via the use of a designed bifunctional quaternary phosphonium iodide catalyst.
Direct halogenative dearomatization of 2-naphthols by NXS (X = Cl, Br) in water
Authors: Zhang Zhenbei , Sun Qiangsheng , Xu Daqian , Xia Chungu , Sun Wei
Published: July 2016

A direct halogenative dearomatization of substituted 2-naphthols was achieved by NXS (X = Cl, Br) in environmentally friendly water at room temperature.
Oscillatory multiphase flow strategy for chemistry and biology
Authors: Abolhasani Milad , Jensen Klavs F.
Published: July 2016

Oscillatory multiphase flow strategy enables the utilization of droplet microfluidics for studies of longer timescale processes than typically feasible with conventional continuous multiphase flow approaches in chemistry and biology, by decoupling mixing and residence times.
Propagation of ultra-intense electromagnetic waves through electron-positron-ion plasma
Authors: Rozina Ch. , Tsintsadze N. L. , Jamil M.
Published: July 2016

A kinetic approach is used to study the propagation of ultrarelativistic (amplitude) electromagnetic waves through electron-positron-ion plasma. For our purposes, we formulate a new plasma particle distribution function in the presence of ultrarelativistically intense circularly polarized electromagnetic (EM) waves. An effective dispersion relation of constant amplitude ultrarelativistic EM wave is derived, skin depth is calculated in particular, frequency regimes and has shown numerically that the penetration depth increases with the amplitude of ultra-intense electromagnetic waves, λsk∼a12, i.e., plasma will be heated more in the region of skin depth. Next, we have found that the nonlinear interaction of ultrarelativistically intense EM waves of time and space varying amplitude leads to construct kinetic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (KNSE), containing both local and non-local nonlinear terms, where nonlocal nonlinear term appears due to density perturbations of plasma species. Taking the effects of the latter into consideration, nonlinear Landau damping is discussed for KNSE, damping rate is computed, and numerically ultrarelativistic EM waves are shown to decay exponentially. The present results should be helpful to understand the specific properties of the ultrarelativistic EM waves in astrophysical plasmas, e.g., pulsars, black holes, and neutron stars.
Experimental study of quasi-2D dipolar vortex streets generated by a moving momentum source in a stratified fluid
Authors: Chen K. , You Y. , Noblesse F.
Published: July 2016

Experiments are conducted in a linear stratified fluid with a momentum source modeled via a nozzle jet moving horizontally. The generation mechanism of the quasi-two-dimensional dipolar vortex streets is investigated and their evolution characteristics are analyzed. Observation shows that the formation of a dipolar vortex street requires a nonzero motion of the nozzle in addition to conditions of the Reynolds and Froude number (Re, Fr). The (Re, Fr) condition that the dipolar vortex streets can be generated is determined via experimental measurements. The explanation for the absence of such a vortex street can be the low energy of the jet and the strong body-effect disturbance of the solid nozzle. The dependence of the vortex street dimensionless formation time τ and the Strouhal number St on the Froude number Fr or the Reynolds number Re is analyzed. This analysis shows that τ and St appear to be independent of Re and approximately have power-law relations with Fr via data fitting. The exponents of Fr in the two power-law functions are −0.27 for τ and −0.21 for St, while the constant coefficients are 65 and 0.21.
Experimental study on dynamics of coherent structures formed by inertial solid particles in three-dimensional periodic flows
Authors: Gotoda Masakazu , Melnikov Denis E. , Ueno Ichiro , Shevtsova Valentina
Published: July 2016

We present experimental results obtained under normal gravity on the dynamics of solid particles in periodic oscillatory thermocapillary-driven flows in a non-isothermal liquid bridge made of decane. Inertial particles of different densities and in the size range approximately 0.75−75 μm are able to form stable coherent structures (particle accumulation structures, or PASs). Two image processing techniques were developed and successfully applied to compute time required for an ensemble of particles to form a structure. It is shown that the formation time grows with the decrease of the Stokes number. The observations indicate the probable irrelevance of the memory term for these experiments. Two types of PAS were observed—single (SL-I) and double-loop (SL-II)—which sometimes co-existed. Only large or very dense particles may form an SL-II type structure. A number of novel features of the system were perceived. In some cases, intermittently stable structures emerged (their dynamics is characterized by alternating time intervals during which a structure exists and is destroyed). Whereas in most experiments we observed a conventional symmetric and centered PAS, there were cases when a long-term stable asymmetric structure appeared. Experiments wherein two different types of PAS-forming particles were used simultaneously revealed the destructive role of collisions between the particles on formation of structures.
The importance of band tail recombination on current collection and open-circuit voltage in CZTSSe solar cells
Authors: Moore James E. , Hages Charles J. , Agrawal Rakesh , Lundstrom Mark S. , Gray Jeffery L.
Published: July 2016

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells typically exhibit high short-circuit current density (Jsc), but have reduced cell efficiencies relative to other thin film technologies due to a deficit in the open-circuit voltage (Voc), which prevent these devices from becoming commercially competitive. Recent research has attributed the low Voc in CZTSSe devices to small scale disorder that creates band tail states within the absorber band gap, but the physical processes responsible for this Voc reduction have not been elucidated. In this paper, we show that carrier recombination through non-mobile band tail states has a strong voltage dependence and is a significant performance-limiting factor, and including these effects in simulation allows us to simultaneously explain the Voc deficit, reduced fill factor, and voltage-dependent quantum efficiency with a self-consistent set of material parameters. Comparisons of numerical simulations to measured data show that reasonable values for the band tail parameters (characteristic energy, capture rate) can account for the observed low Voc, high Jsc, and voltage dependent collection efficiency. These results provide additional evidence that the presence of band tail states accounts for the low efficiencies of CZTSSe solar cells and further demonstrates that recombination through non-mobile band tail states is the dominant efficiency limiting mechanism.
Performance comparison of Rayleigh and STW modes on quartz crystal for strain sensor application
Authors: Fu Chen , Lee Ki Jung , Eun Kyongtae , Choa Sung-Hoon , Lee Keekeun , Yang Sang Sik
Published: July 2016

In this study, we compare two kinds of strain sensors based on Rayleigh wave and surface transverse wave (STW) modes, respectively. First, we perform a strain-and-stress analysis using the finite element method, and we consider the contribution to a surface acoustic wave (SAW) velocity shift. Prior to fabrication, we use a coupling-of-modes model to simulate and optimize two-port SAW resonators for both modes. We use a network analyzer to measure and characterize the two devices. Further, we perform an experiment using a strain-testing system with a tapered cross-section cantilever beam. The experimental results show that the ratio of the frequency shift to the strain for the Rayleigh wave mode is −1.124 ppm/με in the parallel direction and 0.109 ppm/με in the perpendicular direction, while the corresponding values for the STW mode are 0.680 ppm/με and 0.189 ppm/με, respectively.
Electrically tunable superconducting terahertz metamaterial with low insertion loss and high switchable ratios
Authors: Li Chun , Zhang Caihong , Hu Guoliang , Zhou Gaochao , Jiang Shoulu , Jiang Chengtao , Zhu Guanghao , Jin Biaobing , Kang Lin , Xu Weiwei , Chen Jian , Wu Peiheng
Published: July 2016

With the emergence and development of artificially structured electromagnetic materials, active terahertz (THz) metamaterial devices have attracted significant attention in recent years. Tunability of transmission is desirable for many applications. For example, short-range wireless THz communications and ultrafast THz interconnects require switches and modulators. However, the tunable range of transmission amplitude of existing THz metamaterial devices is not satisfactory. In this article, we experimentally demonstrate an electrically tunable superconducting niobium nitride metamaterial device and employ a hybrid coupling model to analyze its optical transmission characteristics. The maximum transmission coefficient at 0.507 THz is 0.98 and decreases to 0.19 when the applied voltage increases to 0.9 V. A relative transmittance change of 80.6% is observed, making this device an efficient narrowband THz switch. Additionally, the frequency of the peak is red shifted from 0.507 to 0.425 THz, which means that the device can be used to select the frequency. This study offers an alternative tuning method to existing optical, thermal, magnetic-field, and electric-field tuning, delivering a promising approach for designing active and miniaturized THz devices.
On the accuracy of the rate coefficients used in plasma fluid models for breakdown in air
Authors: Kourtzanidis Konstantinos , Raja Laxminarayan L.
Published: July 2016

The electrical breakdown of air depends on the balance between creation and loss of charged particles. In fluid models, datasets of the rate coefficients used are obtained either from fits to experimental data or by solutions of the Boltzmann equation. Here, we study the accuracy of the commonly used models for ionization and attachment frequencies and their impact on the prediction of the breakdown threshold for air. We show that large errors can occur depending on the model and propose the most accurate dataset available for modeling of air breakdown phenomena.
Effect of heavy metal layer thickness on spin-orbit torque and current-induced switching in Hf|CoFeB|MgO structures
Authors: Akyol Mustafa , Jiang Wanjun , Yu Guoqiang , Fan Yabin , Gunes Mustafa , Ekicibil Ahmet , Khalili Amiri Pedram , Wang Kang L.
Published: July 2016

We study the heavy metal layer thickness dependence of the current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) in perpendicularly magnetized Hf|CoFeB|MgO multilayer structures. The damping-like (DL) current-induced SOT is determined by vector anomalous Hall effect measurements. A non-monotonic behavior in the DL-SOT is found as a function of the thickness of the heavy-metal layer. The sign of the DL-SOT changes with increasing the thickness of the Hf layer in the trilayer structure. As a result, in the current-driven magnetization switching, the preferred direction of switching for a given current direction changes when the Hf thickness is increased above ∼7 nm. Although there might be a couple of reasons for this unexpected behavior in DL-SOT, such as the roughness in the interfaces and/or impurity based electric potential in the heavy metal, one can deduce a roughness dependence sign reversal in DL-SOT in our trilayer structure.
Communication: Unambiguous comparison of many-electron wavefunctions through their overlaps
Authors: Plasser Felix , González Leticia
Published: July 2016

A simple and powerful method for comparing many-electron wavefunctions constructed at different levels of theory is presented. By using wavefunction overlaps, it is possible to analyze the effects of varying wavefunction models, molecular orbitals, and one-electron basis sets. The computation of wavefunction overlaps eliminates the inherent ambiguity connected to more rudimentary wavefunction analysis protocols, such as visualization of orbitals or comparing selected physical observables. Instead, wavefunction overlaps allow processing the many-electron wavefunctions in their full inherent complexity. The presented method is particularly effective for excited state calculations as it allows for automatic monitoring of changes in the ordering of the excited states. A numerical demonstration based on multireference computations of two test systems, the selenoacrolein molecule and an iridium complex, is presented.
Enhanced electro-optic response in domain-engineered LiNbO3 channel waveguides
Authors: Zisis G. , Ying C. Y. J. , Ganguly P. , Sones C. L. , Soergel E. , Eason R. W. , Mailis S.
Published: July 2016

Substantial enhancement (36.7%) of the intrinsic electro-optic coefficient (r33)  has been observed in lithium niobate channel waveguides, which are made to overlap with a pole-inhibited ferroelectric domain. The waveguide and the overlapping ferroelectric domain are both produced by a single UV irradiation process and are thus self-aligning. The enhancement of the electro-optic coefficient effect is attributed to strain, which is associated with the ferroelectric domain boundaries that contain the channel waveguide.
Bacterial vaginosis: a critical analysis of current knowledge
Authors: Nasioudis D , Linhares IM , Ledger WJ , Witkin SS
Published: July 2016

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), the change from a Lactobacillus‐dominant vaginal microbiota to an anaerobic and facultative bacterial dominance, is associated with pathological sequelae. In many BV‐positive women their microbiota is in fact normal and unrelated to pathology. Whether or not the dominance of BV‐associated bacteria persists depends upon interactions between host and bacterial factors. Inconsistencies in diagnosis and erroneous associations with pathology may be due to a failure to differentiate between sub‐populations of women. It is only in those women with a BV diagnosis in which the identified bacteria are atypical and persist that BV may be a clinical problem requiring intervention.

Tweetable abstract

Improved diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is needed to accurately determine its role in pathology.
Technical efficiency, herd size, and exit intentions in U.S. dairy farms
Authors: Dong Fengxia , Hennessy David A. , Jensen Helen H. , Volpe Richard J.
Published: July 2016

The U.S. dairy industry has seen major restructuring in recent decades. A sharp decline in the number of U.S. dairy farms and an increase in average herd sizes have accompanied exits, which have been concentrated among smaller herds. Given that more productive farms are better positioned to increase operation size and to continue operation, we hypothesize that the more technically efficient farms are better able to expand and also have stronger incentives to continue production. Using data from the USDA's 2010 ARMS Phase III, Dairy Production Practices and Costs and Returns Report, we estimate technical efficiency using stochastic production frontier analysis with endogenous inputs. The efficiency estimate is then incorporated into the analysis of exit intention and herd size. The results confirm our hypotheses that smaller and less efficient farms are more likely to exit and that more efficient dairy farms tend to expand herd size. Moreover, farms without successors but with older and more educated operators are more likely to exit.
NEK6‐mediated phosphorylation of human TPP1 regulates telomere length through telomerase recruitment
Authors: Hirai Yugo , Tamura Miki , Otani Junji , Ishikawa Fuyuki
Published: July 2016

Shelterin component TPP1 plays critical roles in chromosome end protection and telomere length regulation. Specifically, TPP1 contains an OB‐fold domain that provides an interface to recruit telomerase. However, it remains largely unknown how telomerase recruitment is regulated by cell cycle regulators. We show that TPP1 interacts with the cell cycle regulator kinase NEK6 in human cells. We found that NEK6‐mediated phosphorylation of TPP1 Ser255 in G2/M phase regulates the association between telomerase activity and TPP1. Furthermore, we found evidence that POT1 negatively regulates TPP1 phosphorylation because the level of Ser255 phosphorylation was elevated when telomeres were elongated by a POT1 mutant lacking its OB‐fold domains. Ser255 is located in the intervening region between the telomerase‐recruiting OB‐fold and the POT1 recruitment domains. Ser255 and the surrounding amino acids are conserved among vertebrates. These observations suggest that a region adjacent to the OB‐fold domain of TPP1 is involved in telomere length regulation via telomerase recruitment.