bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influencia de la acumulacion de las flechas de servicio en forjados de hormigon con cerramientos rigidos = Influence of accumulation of service concrete truss deformation effect of rigid enclosure.
Authors: Gila Francisco , Mas Guindal Antonio José
Published: March 2016

ResumenEl objetivo de este trabajo es verificar la relación directa que existe entre las flechas activas que se generan en las plantas superiores de un edificio de viviendas, con los elementos que están en contacto con los forjados de la estructura, es decir, con los tabiques y cerramientos. El procedimiento aplicado se ha basado en el estudio de la aplicación correcta de las cargas de elementos de separación (muros y tabiques), llevadas a cabo en, por modelos de estructuras de pórticos de hormigón armado en edificios de viviendas, teniendo todas ellas en común la geometría de planta y siendo variable el número de plantas que la constituyen en altura. Las conclusiones obtenidas, después de haber analizado un edificio tipo de 6 plantas, de trama regular, indican que en el forjado de planta baja podría llegar a incrementarse el valor de la flecha activa hasta un 234,93%. En un edificio de 9 plantas el forjado de planta baja podría llegar a incrementar su flecha activa hasta un 241,09%, para las mismas condiciones de luz y carga. En el caso de un edificio de 12 plantas se llega a la conclusión que en el forjado de planta baja puede llegar a incrementar el valor de la flecha activa hasta un 290.07%. AbstractThe objective of this work is to test the direct relationship between active arrows that are generated in the upper floors of a residential building, with the elements that are in contact with the floors of the structure, is say, with the partitions. The methodology is based on the study of a series of test tube, made these for models of buildings, are all having in common the floor geometry being variable and the number of floors that are at height. The conclusions that have been reached after analyzing a 6 plants concludes that the floor slab can get to increase the value of the active deflection up to 234.93 %. In a 9-storey building the floor slab could increase their active arrow up to 241.09% for the same lighting conditions and load. In the case of a 12-storey building is concluded in the floor slab can actually increase the value of the active deflection up to 290.07%.
Rekomendasi Perancangan Arsitektur Enterprise Pascamerger (Studi kasus: Universitas Telkom)
Authors: Sardi Indra Lukmana , Surendro Kridanto
Published: March 2016

Merger merupakan kombinasi dari dua atau lebih perusahaan menjadi sebuah perusahaan tunggal yang mencakup akuisi serta bentuk lain dari penggabungan. Proses merger memiliki banyak tantangan pada tahap integrasi pascamerger (Trautwein, 1990). Proses integrasi dapat memicu berbagai masalah dan perubahan. Integrasi yang tidak baik dapat menyebabkan kegagalan pada proses merger secara keseluruhan (Shrivastava, 1986). Penelitian ini mencoba melakukan analisis dan merumuskan rekomendasi perancangan Arsitektur enterprise, yang dapat menanggulangi masalah-masalah yang akan muncul pada tahap integrasi pascaproses merger.  Dengan adanya perancangan arsitektur enterprise yang baik, diharapkan terwujudnya keselarasan antara teknologi informasi dan kebutuhan bisnis. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan tata kelola TI dan TOGAF ADM, maka dirancang tahapan-tahapan Arsiterktur enterprise yang terdiri dari Fase A Arsitektur Visi, Fase B Arsitektur Bisnis, Fase C Arsitektur Sistem Informasi, Fase D Arsitektur Teknologi, dan Fase E Peluang dan solusi. Akhirnya, penelitian ini dapat menghasilkan langkah dan hal penting yang perlu diperhatikan pascaproses merger pada sebuah perguruan tinggi.
Pemodelan Dan Simulasi Produksi Biogas Dari Substrat Glukosa Menggunakan Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1)
Authors: Kurniawan Isman , Aditsania Annisa
Published: March 2016

This research focus in modeling of biogas production using Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1). Initial simulation was performed using recommended parameter and its result will be used to determine the accuracy. Simulation result shows similar trend compare to experimental data even it is less accurate. The accuracy of calculation is improved by optimize the simulation parameter. The number of parameter is reduced by calculate the sensivity indices of each parameter. Optimization process using genetic algorithm result new optimized parameter value. The value of mean average percentage error (MAPE) of simulation using standard parameter and optimized parameter are 22,54% and 0,08%, respectively. It shows that simulation using optimized parameter give better accuracy. Simulation results shows the glucose concentration decrease significantly in the beginning of process and methane concentration increase simultaneously. The final concentration of methan after 500 mgCOD/L of glucose decomposed is 354,79 mgCOD/L.
Relationship between the Macrophage Activity with Interleukin-6 Levels and Titers of Antibodies against Salmonella typhi
Authors: Besung I Nengah Kerta , Astawa Nyoman Mantik , Suata Ketut , Suwiti Ni Ketut
Published: March 2016

This study aims to determine the relationships between macrophage activities and interleukin-6 (IL-6 levels), and titer antibody to Salmonella typhi (S. typhi). A total of 32 mice were infected intraperitoneally with 105 cells/ml of S. typhi. The activities of macrophages wereobserved a day after the infection, while the observations of the levels of IL-6 and titer antibody employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method were conducted after one and two weeks of infection. The results showed that the average activities of macrophages afterinfected by S. typhi was 77.84±11.23 sel, and the levels of IL-6 and antibody titers were higher (159.55±90.11 pg and 56.87±23.32 IUrespectively). The macrophage activities were significantly increased (P<0.01) with increasing the level of IL-6 to Y= -0.317x494.09 with the relatedness (r)= 0.89 and the antibody titers to Y= -0.020x2 + 0.00031x + 29.083 with the relatedness (r)= 0.95.Key words: macrophage activity, IL-6, antibody titers, Salmonella typhi2 + 0.0033x2 +
RESISTENSI ANTIBIOTIK DAN DETEKSI GEN PENGODE METHICILLIN RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ISOLAT BROILER DI WILAYAH YOGYAKARTA (Resistance of Antibiotics and Detection of Gene Encoding Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Broiler in Yogyakarta)
Authors: K Khusnan , Kusmanto Dwi , Slipranata Mitra
Published: March 2016

The aims of the research were to evaluate resistance of Staphylococcus aureus against several antibiotics and to detect the gene encoding ofmethicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in broiler. Twenty three Staphylococcus aureus isolated from infected broiler in Yogyakartawere used. Genotypic identifications were done based on the occurrence of gene nuc and 23SrRNA. The resistance assay to several antibioticsrevealed that Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to penicillin 78% (18/23), doxycyclin 56% (15/23), gentamicin 26% (6/23), tetracyclin 22% (5/23), erythromycin 13% (3/23), and methicillin 9% (2/23). Detection of gene encoding MRSA on 23 isolats of S. aureus showed that 8 (34.8%) isolates contain gene mecA.Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, broiler, resistant, methicillin, mecA
MEASUREMENT OF SERUM TESTOSTERONE IN KACANG GOAT BYUSING ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA) TECHNIQUE: THE IMPORTANCE OF KIT VALIDATION (Pengukuran Testosteron Serum Kambing Kacang dengan Teknik Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): Pentingnya Validasi Kit)
Authors: G Gholib , Wahyuni Sri , Kadar Okta Hilda , Adam Mulyadi , Lubis Triva Murtina , A Azhar , Akmal Muslim , Siregar Tongku Nizwan , Armansyah Teuku , Nugraha Taufiq Purna
Published: March 2016

This study was conducted to validate a commercial testosterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (DRG EIA-1559) inanalytic and biological manner for measuring serum testosterone concentrations in kacang goats. This study used 18 healthy kacang goats, six bucks (2 years), six kids (6 months), and six does (2 years). Blood samples were collected from jugular vein and prepared as serum. Two validation tests were performed, an analytical validation comprises a parallelism, accuracy, precision and sensitivity and a biological validation by comparing testosterone concentration from bucks, kids, and does. Testosterone concentrations were measured using ELISA technique. Data of analytical validation were analyzed descriptively and test of equality of slope was performed to see the parallelism between samples and standard curves. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for biological validation data. Results of parallelism showed that sample curve was parallel to the standard curve. Accuracy, precision (% CV of intra-and inter-assay) and sensitivity of the assay were 99.65±4.27%, 10%, 15% and 0.083 ng/ml, respectively. Results of biological validation showed that the assay used were accurately measured testosterone which testosterone concentrations in bucks were significantly higher compared to kids and does (P0.05). In conclusion, a commercial testosterone ELISA kits (DRG EIA-1559) is a reliable assay for measuring serum testosterone concentration in kacang goats. Key words: analytical and biological validations, ELISA, testosterone, kacang goat
EFEK PENAMBAHAN UMBI BUNGA DAHLIA SEBAGAI SUMBER INULIN TERHADAP KECERNAAN PROTEIN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS AYAM LOKAL PERSILANGAN (Effect of Dahlia Tuber supplementation as Inulin Source on Protein Digestibility and Productivity of Crossbred Local Chicken)
Authors: Fanani Anhar Faisal , Suthama Nyoman , Sukamto Bambang
Published: March 2016

The research was aimed to evaluate feeding effect of powder and extract of dahlia tuber as a sources of inulin prebiotic on protein digestibility and productivity of crossbred local chicken. A total of 280 unsex local crossbred chicken with the age of 22 days and average weight of 180.46±1.21 g was assigned in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 4 replications (10 birds each). Dietary treatments consist of T0 (basal ration), T1 (T0 + 0.4% dahlia powder), T2 (T0 + 0.8% dahlia powder), T3 (T0 + 1.2% dahlia powder), T4 (T0 + 0.39% dahlia extract), T5 (T0 + 0.78% dahlia extract), T6 (T0 + 1.17% extract dahlia). Treatment was conducted for 8 consecutive weeks. Variables observed were protein digestibility, short chain fatty acid (SCFA), muscle protein mass, muscle calsium mass, and body weight. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan test at the level of 5%. The results showed that feeding inulin in the form of powder or extract of dahlia tuber significantly (P0.05) increased protein digestibility, SCFA level, and body weight. Treatments T2 until T6 significantly (P0.05) increased muscle calsium mass but did not increase muscle protein mass. In conclusion, the used of 1.2% dahlia powder and 1.17% extract dahlia tuber as an inulin source increase protein digestibility and productivity of crossbred local chicken.Key words: inulin, dahlia tuber, crossbred local chicken
STUDI HISTOKIMIA LEKTIN PADA SEL-SEL SPERMATOGENIK TESTIS MUNCAK (Muntiacus muntjak muntjak) (Lectin Histochemical Study of Testicular Spermatogenic Cells in Muntjak (Muntiacus muntjak muntjak))
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Agungpriyono Srihadi , Adnyane I. Ketut Mudite , Hamny Hamny , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Gholib Gholib , Akmal Muslim , Adam Mulyadi , Aliza Dwinna , Siregar Tongku Nizwan
Published: March 2016

The objective of this study was to identify the type of specific glycoconjugates and its distribution in testicular spermatogenic cells in muntjak (Muntiacus muntjak muntjak) based on lectins histochemistry. An adult male muntjak aged 4-5 years old in hard antler period was used in this study. Testicular tissue was fixed in Bouin solution and processed histologically. Histochemistry method was performed using six types biotinylated lectins such as peanut agglutinin (PNA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA), concanavalin A (Con A), and ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA I) with 20 µg/ml of concentration for PNA lectins and 15µg/ml for other type of lectins. The results showed that glycoconjugates were detected by all type of lectins except UEA I in testicular spermatogenic cells with variation in distribution pattern and also the intensity of lectins binding. Glycoconjugates β-galactose, β-glucose, mannose, Nacetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid were stained intensely by lectins in golgy-cap phase and acrosomal phase of spermatids. Glycoconjugate N-acetylgalactosamine was the sugar residues which distributed abundantly that marked by positive reaction with PNA, SBA, and RCA lectins. In conclusion, glycoconjugates are detected in testicular spermatids cells of muntjak indicated that glycoconjugates have an important role in spermatogenesis particularly in spermiogenesis. Key words: glycoconjugates, lectins, spermatid, spermatozoa, muntjak
Data Integration Enables Quicker Decisions
Authors: Betz Jack
Published: March 2016

After acquiring Berry Petroleum in 2013, Linn Energy became the operator of heavy oil fields in California’s San Joaquin Valley.

David Deaton, chief advisor for Halliburton Landmark’s North American production services, discussed challenges the company faced in optimizing the field during a technical presentation (SPE 173404) at the recent SPE Digital Energy Conference and Exhibition in The Woodlands, Texas.

“Once Linn took over [Berry], production management and surveillance issues escalated. There were a lot more wells, more complex wells, and a diverse range of asset types,” said Deaton.

Because the field required the use of steam injection, Linn had to conduct more monitoring in order to maintain maximum production efficiency.

Berry had begun a production management project, called the Reservoir Surveillance Initiative, in 2012. When Linn acquired the company, it continued the initiative.

Logistical problems that Linn sought to address were coping with the high volume of data, servicing multiple wells, and enabling engineers to make better use of their time, instead of having it consumed by data manipulation.

Using Halliburton Landmark’s DecisionSpace Platform (DSP), Linn pushed forward with the initiative and integrated disparate well and artificial lift data into one source. This helped engineers make quicker decisions and improved operations.

Data Integration

A major aspect of improving operations was visualization. Before the initiative, the data were stored in various locations without a way to access them easily for purposes such as production optimization and monitoring. Daily report data were only accessible as discrete files on a shared hard drive.

Using the platform, collaboration rooms were created with large screens, where groups of field engineers were able to see a detailed map-based display. Data once stored in spreadsheets and PDF files, which required significant manipulation, were represented by dashboards, graphs, and color coding.

The platform also enables streamlined communication with personnel working in the field. When an event occurs, it can send text and email messages alerting engineers to problems immediately after they are detected.

“The idea was to get the right data to the right people at the right time to help them make decisions,” said Deaton.

An area in which visualization gave Linn an edge was detecting and correcting for subsidence, a potentially destructive downward geological shifting.
An Operator’s Perspective on Benefits and Challenges of In-Well Monitoring
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: March 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper OTC 25085, “In-Well Monitoring for Deepwater Wells—Operator’s View,” by Sandeep Patni, SPE, Shell, and Dennis Dria, SPE, Myden Energy Consulting, prepared for the 2014 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 5–8 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

In-well monitoring can improve the quality of surveillance in subsea wells, enabling low-cost, nonintrusive well and reservoir surveillance, provided that the industry overcomes the technical challenges and gaps and improves the reliability of the system. However, significant challenges remain in the selection, qualification, and deployment of these technologies in deepwater subsea wells. This paper provides an operator’s viewpoint of in-well monitoring, covering some of the key challenges.

Defining Monitoring-System Value

The interest in downhole monitoring has been well-documented, and much effort and money have been spent to obtain such information as needed to evaluate reservoir potential, optimize operations and production, and manage cost and risk. The primary measurement historically has been single-point downhole pressure and temperature. The value of additional measurements, such as production logging, downhole sampling, and compaction logging, is high, but they require well intervention. Permanently installed monitoring systems, distributed multipoint sensors in particular, provide unique real-time, on-demand information. General methods using coupled temperature-/pressure-transient interpretations offer unique information not previously attainable if the sensing systems are available, be they electrical or optical. Useful measurements cover a broad range of applications and include the following:

Gas lift monitoring/optimization

Electrical-submersible-pump optimization

Production/inflow monitoring

Injection profiling

Water management

Well- and completion-integrity monitoring

Compaction monitoring

Fracture-height monitoring

Real-time stimulation monitoring

Sand detection
Chemical-Reaction Mechanisms That Govern Oxidation Rates During In-Situ Combustion and High-Pressure Air Injection
Authors: Freitag N. P.
Published: March 2016

The lack of an accurate reaction model for petroleum-oxidation rates is a serious hindrance to the simulation of oil-recovery processes that involve air injection. However, the chemical literature on hydrocarbon oxidation contains many examples of possible reaction mechanisms that could serve as guides. These mechanisms were screened to identify generally accepted reaction paths that could help reveal how oxidation occurs in petroleum reservoirs.

It was found that there are at least eight groups of fundamental reactions that can seriously affect oxidation rates of crude oils or their pyrolysis products. These eight reactions are as follows: two that lead to hydroperoxide formation; “branching” by hydroperoxides; two reactions governing the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) region; oxidation inhibition; at least one rate-controlling reaction at very high temperatures; and the combustion of coke that is produced by pyrolysis. Each of these groups exerts an influence within a separate, identifiable range of conditions. These reactions, and the conditions under which they become important, are outlined in this paper.

Various oxidation behaviors that were reported for both light and heavy crude oils were then compared and aligned with the eight identified reactions. The result was a framework for selecting pseudoreactions that can facilitate the prediction of the oxidation kinetics under a wide range of oilfield conditions. Some of these pseudoreactions involve the direct representation of free radicals or other chemical intermediates, which is a departure from conventional practice for in-situ-combustion simulation.

The new reaction framework is expected to serve as a reliable guide to the construction of predictive reaction models and, consequently, improved simulation of both in-situ-combustion and high-pressure-air-injection (HPAI) processes.
Influência do treinamento de força em programas de emagrecimento
Authors: Capra Daniel , Tartaro Luis Guilherme , Magalhães Roberto Aparecido , Martelli Anderson
Published: March 2016

Introdução. A obesidade vem ganhando proporções pandêmicas e tem se tornado um grande problema de saúde pública mundial, acarretando inúmeras consequências de aspectos fisiológicos, insalubres e econômicos. O treinamento de força é uma prática conhecida, mas negligenciada quando o assunto é emagrecimento havendo uma preferência por outras modalidades de exercícios. Objetivos. A presente revisão faz uma abordagem sobre os benefícios do treinamento de força visando à diminuição do percentual de gordura de seus praticantes pelo aumento do gasto calórico e um emagrecimento saudável. Conclusão. A prática do treinamento de força pode ter uma grande influência na perda de peso e torna-se um aliado na recuperação dos componentes básicos da estrutura corporal favorecendo uma melhora da qualidade de vida dos praticantes e a saúde de modo geral.
Descritores: Obesidade; Exercício; Perda de Peso.
Hipersensibilidade aos β-lactâmicos e outros antibióticos. Bases biológicas
Authors: Gandolfo Maria Isabela Lopes , Monteiro Naara Gabriela , Januzzi Marcella Santos , Bacelar Ana Carolina Zucon , Rodrigues Marielise Mundin Abrão , Okamoto Ana Cláudia , Schweitzer Christiane Marie , Gaetti-Jardim Júnior Elerson
Published: March 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de alergias aos antibióticos e antimicrobianos comumente utilizados em medicina e odontologia, discutindo os mecanismos envolvidos nas reações de hipersensibilidade. Pela literatura verificou-se que a maioria das alergias foi associada com o uso frequente de tais compostos e  depende de medicamentos haptenização. A hipersensibilidade pode ser classificada em reacções immediadas e aceleradas, associadas com respostas humorais, ou mediadas por linfócitos T que reconhecem o antigénio apresentado por células apresentadoras de antigenos e liberam citocinas, resultando no recrutamento de diferentes tipos celulare, desencadeando a inflamação do tecido. Além disso, as declarações de 386 pacientes odontológicos foram analisadas e ocorrência de alergias aos antibióticos foram relatadas por 6,2% dos pacientes. As reacções às penicilinas foram predominantes (4,7%), seguidas da sulfanilamida (1,0%) e das cefalosporinas (0,5%). A sintomatologia predominante foi essencialmente cutânea. Também foram analisadas as consequências, diagnóstico e prevenção das alergias aos antimicrobianos. Este estudo concluiu que os β-lactâmicos foram as drogas mais alergênicas e a grande maioria das reações imunes foram desencadeadas contra eles. O tratamento de dessensibilização deve ser considerado a última abordagem clínica devido aos seus riscos para os pacientes.
Descritores: Hipersensibilidade a Drogas; Antibacterianos; Alergia e Imunologia.
Bacillus Spp. Amylase: Production, Isolation, Characterisation and Its Application
Authors: Sachdev Shivani , Ojha Sanjay Kumar , Mishra Snehasish
Published: March 2016

Amylase is one of the leading enzymes used in industry from decades. The preliminary function of this enzyme is the hydrolysis of the starch molecule into glucose units and oligosaccharides. Amylases have spectacular application in broad spectrum of industries such as food, detergent, pharmaceutical and fermentation industries. Among different type of amylases α- amylase is in utmost demand because of its striking features. This particular enzyme is a good substitute over the chemicals catalyst used in industries. α- amylases can be acquired from different sources such as microorganism, animals and plants. Microorganisms are the major source of production of amylase because of the ease of availability, manipulation and operation.  The starch converting enzymes is basically generated using submerged fermentation.  Some of the prominent characteristics of amylase are its mode of action, substrate specificity and operating condition (temperature and pH). Amylases from different bacterial sources contribute differently to the particular trait of the enzyme. Bacillus amylases have been studied and applied so far because of their robustness in nature and easy accessible pure form of it. Thus this makes it more specific and fit for distinct application in the industry. The purpose of this manuscript was the comparative analysis of the physical and chemical features of α amylases from Bacillus species. It also focuses on the unique characteristics of this enzyme and their industrial applications.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(1): 3-14
Implication of Air pollution on health effects in Nepal: Lessons from global research
Authors: Kurmi Om , Regmi Pramod R , Pant Puspa Raj
Published: March 2016

Correction 7th May 2016: p.256 Column 2, paragraph 3, line 7 - 'National Health Policy of Nepal (2015/16)' changed TO 'National Health Policy of Nepal (2014)'.The Nepal Health Research Council and recent National Health Policy of Nepal (2015/16) have included ‘air pollution’ as a priority research/public health agenda that is guaranteed by the Constitution. There is an urgent need to organise the future policies and actions to ensure the commitments to reduce air pollution.
Security and Privacy Concerns for Australian SMEs Cloud Adoption: Empirical Study of Metropolitan Vs Regional SMEs
Authors: Senarathna Ishan , Yeoh William , Warren Matthew , Salzman Scott
Published: March 2016

New national infrastructure initiatives such as National Broadband Network (NBN) could enable Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Australia to further embrace Cloud computing service. However, the ability of Cloud computing to store data remotely and share services in a dynamic environment bring along with it Cloud security and privacy concerns. In this study, we examined the influence of privacy and security factors on Cloud adoption by Australian SMEs through a questionnaire survey. Data was collected from 150 SMEs (i.e. 79 metropolitan SMEs and 71 regional SMEs) and structural equation modelling was used for data analysis. The findings show that Cloud privacy and security factors are not the most critical concern for Australian SMEs. Moreover, the results indicate that Cloud computing adoption is not influenced by the geographical location of the SMEs. This study extends the current understanding of Cloud computing adoption by Australian SMEs.
Three-dimensional surface measurement for the quantification of mechanical properties of laser-sintered parts
Authors: Grimm Tobias , Witt Gerd , Wiora Georg
Published: March 2016

A good correlation (ρ = −0.912) is found between three dimensional surface features and mechanical properties of laser-sintered parts. This study identifies correlating surface parameters and features out of the wide range of existing evaluation methods resulting from the new possibilities of a three dimensional surface measurement in contrast to a conventional tactile profilometry. Therefore, surface analyses were performed using a confocal microscope and tensile tests according to ISO 527-1 were conducted. Especially the motifs dale and volume of islands analyses show a good correlation concerning the tensile strength, the Young´s modulus and the elongation at break. The differences with regard to each feature and their influence on the mechanical properties are discussed.
Effect of heat treatment on the wear resistance of cast irons
Authors: Türedi Enbiya
Published: March 2016

In this study, the wear behavior of chilled cast iron and nodular cast iron materials used in camshaft manufacturing has been compared. Nodular cast iron specimens were additionally heat treated at 200 and 300 °C for stress relieving after hardening. Thus, the effect of the stress release treatment on wear behavior was comparatively evaluated with respect to the untreated specimens. The ball-on-disk test described in ASTM G99-05 standard was performed under dry sliding conditions as wear test. The specimens were exposed to dry sliding test under a load of 30 N with a rotational speed of 300 rpm against hardened 100Cr6 counterparts and for the distances of 100, 500 and 1000 m. The results showed two different wear behaviors for the 100 m and 500/1000 m distances, respectively. Under given dry sliding conditions, induction hardened nodular cast iron and slightly stress released specimens exhibited relatively higher wear resistance in the tests over a distance of 500 and 1000 m, while the others showing an increase in wear loss amounts at the same sliding distances.
Corrosion behavior of X70 steel in sands at different charging times
Authors: Han Pengju , Chen Y. Frank , Bai Xiaohong , He Bin
Published: March 2016

To investigate the corrosion behavior and mechanisms of X70 steel in sands, polarization curves (PCs) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out using an electrochemical test set-up. X70 steel represents a common and standard API designation for pipelines with 70 ksi or 485 MPa strength. For acceleration of the process at different charging times, a direct current (DC) with 6 V voltage was applied. The results show that DC accelerates the corrosion process of X70 steel in sands and that the corrosion rate increases with charging time of the DC. Corrosion potential changes the process of positive-negative-positive charging with increasing process time, indicating that pore water, oxygen substances and corrosion ions of sands all affect the corrosion reaction. Based on the experimental results from the equivalent circuit of EIS, the corrosion process can be divided into the following three phases: developing and formatting of corrosion product film, pitting corrosion, and progressing pitting period. The low-frequency inductive slope on the EIS graph appears during the period of corrosion pitting as resulting from the corrosion product film. The film slows down the corrosion process and reduces the corrosion rate temporarily. With the increasing charging time, the corrosion product film may be damaged and the corrosion rate will thus increase significantly. The testing results of energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate iron hydroxides as the original corrosion products. With increasing charging time, the original corrosion products may be oxidized to form stable and protective film products such as Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. Lastly, during the pitting progressing period, oxidized film products will be damaged and the corrosion rate increases with increasing charging time.
Laser repair welding of an extrusion mold
Authors: Çelen Serap
Published: March 2016

Laser repair welding of mold and die components has been applied in the background of maintenance, repair and overhaul technologies for refurbishing military, space and civilian equipment. It enables to perform safe and sound weldments with narrow heat affected zones. A novel laser-based repair technique was proposed to perform repair of 1.2312 steel die plate. The results of this study verified the importance of laser repair welding for the mold making industry.
Mode II delamination of woven mengkuang fiber/woven silk laminated hybrid composites
Authors: Husin Mohd Azwan , Zulkifli Rozli , Abdullah Shahrum , Daud Wan Ramli Wan
Published: March 2016

The effects of hybridization between woven mengkuang fiber/woven silk on mode II delamination (GIIC) of laminated composites were investigated by performing the end-notched flexure (ENF) test. Various configurations of woven mengkuang/woven silk layers were considered. The composite samples were prepared using hand lay-up, along with the cold press method. After fabrication, the test specimens were subjected to end-notch flexure testing for mode II delamination based on ASTM D790-03. During the test, the crack propagation was observed; the sudden drop in load meant that the sample experienced crack growth. The configuration of woven silk in between the pre-crack provided an excellent improvement in GIIC. Further addition of woven silk layers for similar configuration also yielded significant improvements in the GIIC result. The rate of critical strain energy release increases with an increase in number of woven silk layers for the configuration of silk in between the pre-crack. The scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) result shows the cross-section of the samples. The study also demonstrated that surface interaction between woven silk/epoxy/woven silk was better than woven mengkuang/epoxy/woven mengkuang lamination.
Fatigue life assessment of the driving shaft of a LCV by FEA using customer correlation data
Authors: Şener Arif Şenol
Published: March 2016

In this study, an accelerated test track construction necessary during research and development phase of light commercial vehicles (LCV) is described. By the questionary method, the Turkish customer automotive usages are defined. This paper focuses on defining load spectrum affected by driving shaft torque during acceleration, breaking and different manoeuvres and equivalent fatigue damage of the driving shaft resulting from accelerated tests on a route. Fatigue analysis and estimated lifetime of the part were calculated using finite element analyses (FEA) and verified by the Palmgren-Miner rule. When as customer profile the Turkish automotive user is taken into consideration and accelerated test tracks are designed for reliability and fatigue tests of the related company, linear FEA of the driving shaft represents a convenient procedure.
Hydrothermal effects on the burst strength of impacted glass fiber/epoxy composite pipes
Authors: Ahmad Hawa , Majid Mohd. Shukry Abdul , Rojan Mohd. Afendi , Mat Fauziah , Dan-Mallam Yakubu
Published: March 2016

The effects of hydrothermal aging and low velocity impact loading on E-glass fiber/epoxy composite pipes subjected to a continuous internal pressure were experimentally investigated in this paper. The pipes were manufactured by the commonly adopted filament winding method, which is consisting of six antisymmetric layers with (±55°)3 winding angles. Then, they were immersed in tap water at intervals of 500, 1000 and 1500 h. Low velocity impact tests were performed at three different energy levels (5, 7.5 and 10 J), followed by internal pressure testing. The results showed that both impact energy levels and water immersion time have significantly affected the burst strength of the pipe. It also indicated that the peak force and displacement increased with the increase of impact energy. During the burst pressure tests, weepage and eruption failures were observed.
Determination of Pedestrian Level of Service for Undivided Stairways at Suburban Rail Stations in Developing Countries
Authors: Shah Jiten H. , Joshi Gaurang J. , Parida Purnima M. , Arkatkar Shriniwas S.
Published: March 2016

Bidirectional pedestrian movement is predominant on undivided stairways. Under a given situation, it is imperative to assess the level of service (LOS) provided to pedestrians on a stairway. Currently, limited guidelines are available for assessing the LOS on undivided stairways in South Asian countries. With this motivation, the current study was conducted to develop LOS criteria for undivided stairways by using the case of a busy suburban railway station at Dadar in Mumbai, India. The LOS can be considered as the classification of different pedestrian flow states on the basis of facility performance. This study is focused on employing the k-means clustering technique to define the LOS thresholds of relevant flow variables. Data on four major variables of pedestrian flow are used: space per pedestrian, flow rate, walking speed, and volume-to-capacity ratio. Derived LOS thresholds are then delineated by using the rate of change in slope for the average walking speed of pedestrians. LOS thresholds are further validated for different percentile values of pedestrian flow data to check whether given data sets fall within the range of established LOS thresholds. Ranges of the flow parameters defined for LOS criteria found in this study are significantly different from those reported in the literature and in manuals in developed countries such as the U.S. Highway Capacity Manual. This difference may be attributed to the demographic and sociocultural characteristics of the pedestrians. The results and approach adopted here can be useful for practitioners to assess the LOS of stairways operating under similar pedestrian flow conditions and to respond appropriately for their improvement. The study results can also be useful for the ongoing project of developing a highway capacity manual for India.
Serum Glucose Level and Hemoglobin Concentration in Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Sufrin Sumaira , Nessa Akhtarun , Islam Md Tazul
Published: March 2016

Background : Pregnancy is a state of physiological adaptations to accommodate the needs of the developing fetus. Elevated blood glucose during pregnancy could lead to gestational diabetes and anemia could cause intercurrent infection.Objective: To assess the serum glucose level & hemoglobin concentration in third trimester of pregnancy in order to find out the risk of gestational diabetes and physiological anemia.Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, between the period of July, 2013 to June,2014. One hundred pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy aged 18-35years were enrolled in study group and age matched 100 healthy non-pregnant women were control group. Random serum glucose was estimated by GOD-PAP method and hemoglobin concentration was measured by cyanmethemoglobin (CMG) method. Data were analyzed by students un paired t test and chi square test.Result: Mean serum glucose level (6.76±1.72 mmol/L) was significantly higher and hemoglobin concentration (8.21±1.23 g/dl) was significantly lower in pregnant women than non-pregnant women. Increased frequency of high glucose (38%) and low H b(88%) was found in pregnant women in third trimester.Conclusion: This study concludes altered glucose metabolism may lead to gestational diabetes as well as physiological anemia may be exaggerated in third trimester of pregnancyBangladesh Soc Physiol. 2015, December; 10(2): 67-70
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Level in Severe Preeclampsia
Authors: Afroz Rukhsana , Akhter Qazi Shamima , Sadia Halima , Sultana Sharmin
Published: March 2016

Background: Serum LDH level is an useful biomarker for cellular injury which may reflect the severity of preeclampsia and its level might be a guideline for the management of patient.Objective: To assess serum LDH level in preeclamptic women.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College (DMC), Dhaka from January to December 2014. Total 105 pregnant women during third trimester (28-40 weeks) aged 18 to 35 years were selected from the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of DMC Hospital, Dhaka for this study. Among them, 35 were mild preeclamptic and 35 were severe preeclamptic women. Age matched 35 normotensive pregnant women were control. Serum LDH level was estimated by continuous spectrophotometric method.Results: In this study, serum LDH level was significantly higher (P<0.001) in preeclamptics compared to those of control. Again, this value was significantly higher in severe preeclamptics than those of mild preeclamptics. Moreover, 82.9% mild preeclamptic and 91.4% severe preeclamptic women had abnormally elevated serum LDH level (>200 U/L).Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that elevated serum LDH level is associated with severity of preeclampsia.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2015, December; 10(2): 71-75
A Kinetic Perspective on k‒ε Turbulence Model and Corresponding Entropy Production
Authors: Asinari Pietro , Fasano Matteo , Chiavazzo Eliodoro
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we present an alternative derivation of the entropy production in turbulent flows, based on a formal analogy with the kinetic theory of rarefied gas. This analogy allows for proving that the celebrated \(k - \epsilon\) model for turbulent flows is nothing more than a set of coupled BGK (Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook)-like equations with a proper forcing. This opens a novel perspective on this model, which may help in sorting out the heuristic assumptions essential for its derivation, such as the balance between turbulent kinetic energy production and dissipation. The entropy production is an essential condition for the design and optimization of devices where turbulent flows are involved.
An Experimental Study on the Potential Usage of Acetone as an Oxygenate Additive in PFI SI Engines
Authors: Meng Lei , Zeng Chunnian , Li Yuqiang , Nithyanandan Karthik , Lee Timothy , Lee Chia-fon
Published: March 2016

To face the challenges of fossil fuel shortage and stringent emission norms, there is growing interest in the potential usage of alternative fuels such as bio-ethanol and bio-butanol in internal combustion engines. More recently, Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE), the intermediate product of bio-butanol fermentation, has been gaining a lot of attention as an alternative fuel. The literature shows that the acetone in the ABE blends plays an important part in improving the combustion performance and emissions, owing to its higher volatility. Acetone and ethanol are the low-value byproducts during bio-butanol production, so using acetone and ethanol as fuel additives may have both economic and environmental benefits. This study focuses on the differences in combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a port-injection spark-ignition engine fueled with pure gasoline (G100), ethanol-containing gasoline (E10 and E30) and acetone-ethanol-gasoline blends (AE10 and AE30 at A:E volumetric ratio of 3:1). The tests were conducted at 1200 RPM, under gasoline maximum brake torque (MBT) at 3 bar and 5 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). Performance and emission data were measured under various equivalence ratios. Based on the comparison of combustion phasing, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and various emissions of different fuels, it was found that using acetone as an oxygenate additive with the default ECU calibration (for gasoline) maintained the thermal efficiency and showed lower unburned HC emissions.
Barriers to and Facilitators of the Evaluation of Integrated Community-Wide Overweight Intervention Approaches: A Qualitative Case Study in Two Dutch Municipalities
Authors: Van Koperen Tessa , De Kruif Anja , Van Antwerpen Lisa , Hendriks Anna-Marie , Seidell Jacob , Schuit Albertine , Renders Carry
Published: March 2016

To prevent overweight and obesity the implementation of an integrated community-wide intervention approach (ICIA) is often advocated. Evaluation can enhance implementation of such an approach and demonstrate the extent of effectiveness. To be able to support professionals in the evaluation of ICIAs we studied barriers to and facilitators of ICIA evaluation. In this study ten professionals of two Dutch municipalities involved in the evaluation of an ICIA participated. We conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 12), observed programme meetings (n = 4) and carried out document analysis. Data were analyzed using a thematic content approach. We learned that evaluation is hampered when it is perceived as unfeasible due to limited time and budget, a lack of evaluation knowledge or a negative evaluation attitude. Other barriers are a poor understanding of the evaluation process and its added value to optimizing the programme. Sufficient communication between involved professionals on evaluation can facilitate evaluation, as does support for evaluation of ICIAs together with stakeholders at a strategic and tactical level. To stimulate the evaluation of ICIAs, we recommend supporting professionals in securing evaluation resources, providing tailored training and tools to enhance evaluation competences and stimulating strategic communication on evaluation.
Novel Insights into the Role of Long Noncoding RNA in Ocular Diseases
Authors: Li Fang , Wen Xuyang , Zhang He , Fan Xianqun
Published: March 2016

Recent advances have suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in ocular tissues and play a critical role in the pathogenesis of different types of eye diseases. Here, we summarize the functions and mechanisms of known aberrantly-expressed lncRNAs and present a brief overview of relevant reports about lncRNAs in such ocular diseases as glaucoma, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), diabeticretinopathy (DR), and ocular tumors. We intend to highlight comprehensive studies that provide detailed data about the mechanisms of lncRNAs, their applications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, and their potential therapeutic targets. Although our understanding of lncRNAs is still in its infancy, these examples may provide helpful insights into the methods by which lncRNAs interfere with ocular diseases.
Different Serum Free Fatty Acid Profiles in NAFLD Subjects and Healthy Controls after Oral Fat Load
Authors: Gambino Roberto , Bugianesi Elisabetta , Rosso Chiara , Mezzabotta Lavinia , Pinach Silvia , Alemanno Natalina , Saba Francesca , Cassader Maurizio
Published: March 2016

Background: Free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism can impact on metabolic conditions, such as obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This work studied the increase in total FFA shown in NAFLD subjects to possibly characterize which fatty acids significantly accounted for the whole increase. Methods: 21 patients with NAFLD were selected according to specified criteria. The control group consisted of nine healthy subjects. All subjects underwent an oral standard fat load. Triglycerides; cholesterol; FFA; glucose and insulin were measured every 2 h with the determination of fatty acid composition of FFA. Results: higher serum FFA levels in NAFLD subjects are mainly due to levels of oleic, palmitic and linoleic acids at different times. Significant increases were shown for docosahexaenoic acid, linolenic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, and arachidonic acid, although this was just on one occasion. In the postprandial phase, homeostatic model assessment HOMA index positively correlated with the ω3/ω6 ratio in NAFLD patients. Conclusions: the higher serum levels of FFA in NAFLD subjects are mainly due to levels of oleic and palmitic acids which are the most abundant circulating free fatty acids. This is almost exactly corresponded with significant increases in linoleic acid. An imbalance in the n-3/n-6 fatty acids ratio could modulate postprandial responses with more pronounced effects in insulin-resistant subjects, such as NAFLD patients.
Labdane Diterpenes from the Fruits of Sinopodophyllum emodi
Authors: Sun Yan-Jun , Gao Mei-Ling , Zhang Yan-Li , Wang Jun-Min , Wu Ya , Wang Yu , Liu Tao
Published: March 2016

Two new labdane diterpenes, sinoditerpene A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the fruits of Sinopodophyllum emodi, along with two known analogues 3 and 4. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The isolation of compounds 1–4 represents the first report of diterpenes from the genus Sinopodophyllum. The cytotoxic activities of all isolated compounds were evaluated in comparison with 5-fluorouracil against the MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines, towards which 3 showed more potent cytotoxicity.
EVALUATION OF HOTEL QUALITY ATTRIBUTE IMPORTANCE THROUGH FUZZY CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
Authors: BAN Olimpia-Iuliana , TARA Ioan Gheorghe , BOGDAN Victoria , TUŞE Delia , BOLOGA Simona Gabriela
Published: March 2016

An indirect method of calculation of the importance of attributes as the fuzzy correlation between the performance of attributes and the overall satisfaction was proposed in a recent paper. We apply the method to the results of a survey with respect to the quality of hotel services in Oradea (Romania). Different representations of the answers as triangular fuzzy numbers, as well as distinct analyzes to compare the hierarchies of the attributes with respect to the experience with the hotel and the motivation of the travel are considered.