bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategy for striking the omnichannel balance in Retail 4.0
Authors: Osiyevskyy Oleksiy , Umantsiv Yurii , Kavun Olha
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The rise of Industry 4.0 led to digitally-enabled evolutionary and radical changes in all branches of the retail industry, resulting in the emergence of the distinct term “Retail 4.0”. Within this paradigm, particular emphasis is placed on forming a balanced system of omnichannel sales and customer service, allowing reaching a synergistic effect in the face of constant changes, turbulence and uncertainty in the business environment. The main objective of this study is to offer and justify a practical strategy for optimal utilization of sales channels and customer service provision within the Retail 4.0 paradigm.

Design/methodology/approach

The conceptual argument of the study is based on the review of the literature and illustrative case studies

Findings

The decision-making model proposed in this study provides a roadmap for retailers. It underscores the need for a data-driven approach, where decisions are informed by real-time analytics and customer insights. This model also advocates for a flexible yet structured approach to managing various sales channels, ensuring that each channel complements and enhances the other.

Originality/value

The study offers and justifies an original five-stage process model for forming a balanced system of omnichannel sales and customer service.
Effects of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis bloom for the first time in 120 years on the dynamics of organic matter and nitrogen in forest: Differences in decomposition processes between leaf and flower
Authors: Enoki Tsutomu , Orrego Marly
Published: August 2024

Bamboo flowering occurs over a long cycle, yet the precise mechanisms and consequences of this phenomenon remain unknown. Although several studies have investigated the dynamics of forest communities post‐flowering, the effects of flowering on the material cycle remain unclear. Recent reports have documented the first flowering of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis in 120 years across several regions of Japan. P. nigra var. henonis flowers exhibit higher nitrogen concentrations compared to their leaves, suggesting potentially different decomposition patterns upon reaching the forest floor and subsequent contributions to the nitrogen cycle. Based on this observation, we conducted decomposition experiments using litter bags to investigate the dynamics of organic matter and nitrogen. After 1 year, litter bags containing both leaves and flowers were retrieved. The remaining mass of flower and leaf litter was 38% and 60%, respectively. On the other hand, the nitrogen remaining in flower and leaf litter was 54.9% and 98.2%, respectively. Net nitrogen release from the flower litter was estimated to be 36 kg/ha/year in the study site. The potential maximum nitrogen released from flower litter decomposition in a high‐density ramet stand was estimated to be 221 kg/ha/year. The results of this study suggest that the nitrogen addition through mass flowering of P. nigra var. henonis would have a significant impact on the nitrogen cycle of the ecosystem.
Trophic strategies of picoeukaryotic phytoplankton vary over time and with depth in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Edwards Kyle F. , Rii Yoshimi M. , Li Qian , Peoples Logan M. , Church Matthew J. , Steward Grieg F.
Published: August 2024

In oligotrophic oceans, the smallest eukaryotic phytoplankton are both significant primary producers and predators of abundant bacteria such as Prochlorococcus. However, the drivers and consequences of community dynamics among these diverse protists are not well understood. Here, we investigated how trophic strategies along the autotrophy‐mixotrophy spectrum vary in importance over time and across depths at Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. We combined picoeukaryote community composition from a 28‐month time‐series with traits of diverse phytoplankton isolates from the same location, to examine trophic strategies across 13 operational taxonomic units and 8 taxonomic classes. We found that autotrophs and slower‐grazing mixotrophs tended to prevail deeper in the photic zone, while the most voracious mixotrophs were relatively abundant near the surface. Within the mixed layer, there was greater phagotrophy when conditions were most stratified and when Chl a concentrations were lowest, although the greatest temporal variation in trophic strategy occurred at intermediate depths (45–100 m). Dynamics at this site are consistent with previously described spatial patterns of trophic strategies. The success of relatively phagotrophic phytoplankton at shallower depths in the most stratified waters suggests that phagotrophy is a competitive strategy for acquiring nutrients when energy from light is plentiful.
Impact of thermal processing on polyphenols, carotenoids, glucosinolates, and ascorbic acid in fruit and vegetables and their cardiovascular benefits
Authors: Narra Federica , Piragine Eugenia , Benedetti Giada , Ceccanti Costanza , Florio Marta , Spezzini Jacopo , Troisi Fabiola , Giovannoni Roberto , Martelli Alma , Guidi Lucia
Published: August 2024

Bioactive compounds in fruit and vegetables have a positive impact on human health by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular (CV) diseases, and metabolic disorders. However, some fruit and vegetables must be heated before consumption and thermal processes can modify the amount of nutraceuticals, that is, polyphenols, carotenoids, glucosinolates, and ascorbic acid, that can increase or decrease in relation to different factors such as type of processing, temperature, and time but also the plant part (e.g., flower, leaf, tuber, and root) utilized as food. Another important aspect is related to the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of nutraceuticals. Indeed, the key stage of nutraceutical bioefficiency is oral bioavailability, which involves the release of nutraceuticals from fruit and vegetables in gastrointestinal fluids, the solubilization of nutraceuticals and their interaction with other components of gastrointestinal fluids, the absorption of nutraceuticals by the epithelial layer, and the chemical and biochemical transformations into epithelial cells. Several studies have shown that thermal processing can enhance the absorption of nutraceuticals from fruit and vegetable. Once absorbed, they reach the blood vessels and promote multiple biological effects (e.g., antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antihypertensive, vasoprotective, and cardioprotective). In this review, we described the impact of different thermal processes (such as boiling, steaming and superheated steaming, blanching, and microwaving) on the retention/degradation of bioactive compounds and their health‐promoting effects after the intake. We then summarized the impact of heating on the absorption of nutraceuticals and the biological effects promoted by natural compounds in the CV system to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential impact of thermal processing on the CV benefits of fruit and vegetables.
Anti‐inflammatory and anti‐hyperglycemia effects of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larvae) protein extracted by four methods: alkali, salt, enzyme, and screw press
Authors: Oh Eunyoung , Kang Yeeun , Cho Insang , Koh Jeewon , Park Woo‐Jae , Kim Yookyung
Published: August 2024

The use of edible insect protein in food products is contingent on their biological effects. Conventional protein extraction methods are not only time‐consuming and costly but also energy‐intensive. There is a need for alternative techniques that maintain the bioactivities of insect proteins and are environmentally sustainable. This study compares the health functionality of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larvae) concentrates obtained by conventional methods—alkali and salt (MS) extraction—and nonconventional methods—enzyme (ME) and screw press (MP)—to enhance their applicability despite lower protein concentration. Overall, MP exhibited the highest essential amino acids content, whereas ME showed the highest in vitro digestibility, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant capacities among all the concentrates. ME also had a significant cell proliferative capacity at concentrations ≥500 µg/mL. MS significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin‐1beta secretion in lipopolysaccharide‐treated Hep3B cells compared to other samples. As for anti‐hyperglycemia effects, treatment with MS and ME for 2 and 5 min significantly increased the p‐Akt/Akt ratio (MS, 1.34‐ and 1.61‐fold; ME, 2.26‐ and 2.70‐fold, respectively). In conclusion, enzyme treatment enhanced nutritional value and antioxidant capacity, whereas salt treatment potentially contributed to anti‐inflammatory and anti‐hyperglycemia activities. Hybrid extraction techniques combining conventional and nonconventional methods are suggested based on target applications, considering health benefits, environmental impact, costs, and efficiencies.

Practical Application

Four mealworm protein extraction methods (alkali/salt/enzyme/screw press) were compared for their nutritional and biological properties. Alkali extraction enhanced protein content, enzyme treatment improved nutritional value and antioxidant capacity, and salt‐assisted extraction exhibited immunomodulatory effects in vitro. Notably, enzyme and salt treatments produced protein concentrates with significant antidiabetic and anti‐hyperglycemic properties.
Concordance of phenotypic characteristics among patients with familial Crohn's disease in China
Authors: Deng Xiao Xia , Lin Min Zhi , Gao Xiang , Liu Xin Yu , Wu Yan Hui , Chao Kang , Tang Jian
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Familial Crohn's disease (CD) accounts for approximately 1.5%–22.5% of all CD cases worldwide. We aimed to assess the concordance in disease subtype and phenotypic features among patients with CD and their relatives based on data from a large, well‐characterized, referral center‐based cohort in China.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on patients with familial CD who were admitted to the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University between January 2012 and June 2022. We analyzed the disease characteristics and performed a concordance analysis within the same family among patients with familial CD.

Results

Among 5150 patients, 70 (1.4%) had a family history of Crohn's disease. The median age of the patients at initial diagnosis did not differ significantly between the probands and successors of family members with CD (p = 0.25). At the initial diagnosis, 54 first‐degree relatives showed moderate concordance in age (κ = 0.50) and disease location (κ = 0.44). At the last follow‐up visit, all family members and first‐degree relatives showed good concordance in upper gastrointestinal involvement (κ = 0.67 and 0.62) and stricturing or penetrating behavior (κ = 0.69 and  0.77), respectively. Patients with familial CD within the same family showed moderate agreement regarding anti‐tumor necrosis factor α monoclonal antibody use and treatment efficacy (κ = 0.44 and 0.42) and mild agreement regarding the efficacy and adverse reactions of thiopurine (κ = 0.26 and 0.35).

Conclusions

The proportion of patients with familial CD in China may be relatively low. The consistency of certain disease features in familial CD may be associated with the degree of kinship and convergence with longer follow‐up duration.
Gazing into the future: The potential impact of climate change on habitat suitability of the Sungazer (Smaug giganteus)
Authors: Stanton‐Jones Wade K. , Alexander Graham J.
Published: August 2024

The sungazer (Smaug giganteus) is a strict grassland specialist lizard endemic to South Africa's highveld grasslands. It is currently listed as Vulnerable (IUCN) and is primarily threatened by anthropogenic activities. Because sungazers are habitat specialists, climate change may be detrimental to the species, considering their life‐history traits, and the area of available suitable habitat. We assessed how climate change may impact the sungazers' geographic range by first producing an ecological niche model (ENM) for the species within a buffered region of its extent of occurrence (buffered EOO). The ENM was then projected to 2040, 2060, 2080 and 2100 under two climate change scenarios using Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP); SSP245 (moderate‐case) and SSP585 (worst‐case). A mean ensemble of three global circulation models for each time period and scenario was used to create habitat suitability maps which were refined using a natural grassland variable overlay. Resulting maps were clipped to the sungazers' EOO and interpreted distribution. Within the interpreted distribution, models predicted an area of 10 198 km2 of current suitable habitat. At this scale, future habitat suitability is predicted to remain relatively stable (area: 9910 km2; 3% decline) under SSP245 by 2100. However, a 24% decline (area: 7705 km2) in habitat suitability was predicted under SSP585. Within the buffered EOO, habitat suitability increased in south‐western regions, which was more prominent under SSP585. Although this finding suggests that sungazers could track favourable conditions, their life history and low dispersal ability makes climate tracking unlikely. Because sungazers only occur in primary grasslands, regions dominated by agricultural activities, further land use developments are likely to affect the species survival. Thus, careful conservation management is essential, and we recommend the establishment of protected areas with cognizance of our predictions for current and future suitable habitat within the sungazers' interpreted distribution.
Core competing endogenous RNA network based on mRNA and non‐coding RNA expression profiles in chicken fatty liver
Authors: Xiao Qingxing , Zhang Yonghong , Ni Hongyu , Yin Yijing , Gao Anchong , Cui Benhai , Zhang Wei , Li Yumei , Yang Yuwei
Published: August 2024

Fatty liver disease is a common metabolic disease in chickens. This disease can lead to a decrease in egg production and increase the risk of death in chickens. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in fatty liver formation by directly targeting genes or regulating gene expression by competitively binding microRNAs. However, a large proportion of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in fatty liver diseases are still unclear. The total of 300 Jingxing‐Huang chickens were used for fatty liver model construction. Then, differentially expressed (DE) genes (DEGs) identified through whole‐transcriptome sequencing from four chickens with fatty liver and four chickens without fatty liver were chosen from the F1 generation. A total of 953 DEGs were identified between the fatty liver group and the control group, including 26 DE micro (mi)RNAs and 56 DE lncRNAs. Differential expression heatmaps and volcano plots were obtained after clustering expression analysis. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed that these DEGs were involved in many biological processes and signaling pathways related to fatty acid metabolism and lipid synthesis. Furthermore, cytoscape was used to construct a ceRNA network of the DE miRNAs, DE mRNAs, and DE lncRNAs. Eleven DE lncRNAs, seven DE miRNAs, and 13 DE mRNAs were found to be associated with the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. An lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA ceRNA network was constructed to elucidate the mechanisms of fatty liver diseases, and the ENSGALT00000079786‐miR‐140/miR‐143/miR‐1a/miR‐22/miR‐375 network was identified. These results provide a valuable resource for further elucidating the posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms of chicken liver and adipose fat development or deposition.
NRP1 antagonism as a novel therapeutic target in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Khalmuratova Roza , Ryu Jae‐Sung , Hwang Ji Hyeon , Kim Yi Sook , Lim Suha , Mo Ji‐Hun , Kim Jong‐Yeup , Shin Hyun‐Woo
Published: August 2024

Background

Neuropilin‐1 (NRP1) is expressed on the surface epithelium of respiratory tract and immune cells, demonstrating its possible function in regulating the immune response in airway disease. However, its role in patient with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the role of NRP1 in CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Methods

Sinonasal biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically stained to investigate NRP1 expression. Double immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction were performed to evaluate NRP1 in primary human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs). An NRP1 inhibitor was administered to a murine nasal polyp (NP) model.

Results

NRP1 was highly expressed in the epithelium in patients with CRSwNP compared to nasal tissue from controls and CRS without NP patients. NRP1 and vascular endothelial growth factor were upregulated in hNECs under hypoxia. Treatment with NRP1 inhibitor (EG00229) reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and IL‐33 cytokines, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‐2, and prostaglandin E2 in hNECs. We found that NRP1 was highly expressed in the airway epithelium in the murine NP model. The group treated with the NRP1 inhibitor had significantly fewer nasal polypoid lesions and reduced accumulations of immune cells.

Conclusions

These findings reveal that NRP1 is upregulated in CRS and NP epithelium, and the inhibition of NRP1 may lead to a reduction in NP growth and immune cell infiltration. Our results suggest that NRP1 inhibition could be a novel possibility for treating nasal polyposis.
European paediatricians need to be more aware of the risks faced by children who swallow button batteries and how to treat them
Authors: Dembiński Łukasz , Copley Sian , Koletzko Berthold , Grossman Zachi , del Torso Stefano , Mujkić‐Klarić Aida , Hadjipanayis Adamos
Published: August 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess how aware European paediatricians were of the risks faced by children who swallowed button batteries and the advice for managing such cases.

Methods

An Internet‐based survey was conducted among European paediatricians between 1 April 2023 and 31 May 2023. The researchers contacted members of the European Academy of Paediatrics Research in Ambulatory Setting Network and a number of European national paediatric societies.

Results

Responses were received from 605 paediatricians (66.0% females) in 41 countries and 64.5% had encountered cases of button battery ingestion. Only 31.2% had received specific training and only 35.7% were familiar with the advice issued by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and the European Academy of Pediatrics. While 90.8% of respondents correctly recognised the need for hospitalisation of a child after button battery ingestion, only 30.1% of them identified all symptoms and 58.2% could accurately determine the appropriate diagnostic scope. One in ten underestimated the health or life risks. These deficiencies were significantly attributed to a lack of adequate training (p < 0.01). The overwhelming majority of the respondents expressed the need to increase awareness among physicians and childcare providers, mainly through social media campaigns and advertisements.

Conclusion

European paediatricians were insufficiently aware of button battery ingestion risks and management, with significant gaps in training and familiarity with advice. Respective education for medical practitioners and raising public awareness should be markedly strengthened.
Allostatic load increases the incidence and risk of adverse prognosis in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Zhao Jianhui , Xue Erxu , Zhou Siyun , Zhang Meng , Jiang Fangyuan , Wu Wei , Liu Zhanju , Li Xue
Published: August 2024

Background

Elevated allostatic load (AL) has been associated with the risk and poor prognosis of many chronic diseases. The association between AL and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown.

Aims

The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between AL and the risk and prognosis of IBD.

Methods

We included 326,345 adults and 3767 patients with IBD from the UK Biobank. AL served as the exposure, estimated using the AL biomarker panel, with the primary outcomes including the risk and prognosis of IBD. We used Cox regression models to examine the associations.

Results

High AL biomarker panel was associated with a greater risk of IBD (hazard ratio: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.08–1.31), ulcerative colitis (1.17, 95%CI: 1.04–1.32), and Crohn's disease (1.25, 95%CI: 1.05–1.49). Risk of developing IBD increased by 12% in quartile 2, 20% in quartile 3, and 37% in quartile 4 as AL biomarker panel increased. The all‐cause mortality risk in IBD compared with quartile 1 rose by 54% for quartile 2, 72% for quartile 3, and 82% for quartile 4, as AL biomarker panel increased. Similar effects were also observed for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. An increase in AL biomarker panel count was associated with an elevated risk of intestinal resection and colorectal cancer in IBD.

Conclusions

Increased AL is associated with IBD risk, as well as the risks of intestinal resection, colorectal cancer and mortality.
Coping with the stigma of mental illness: An interpretive descriptive study of out‐patients in a public mental health hospital in Ghana
Authors: Gyamfi Sebastian , Martin‐Yeboah Ebenezer , Owusu Mark Fordjour , Adu Joseph
Published: August 2024

Stigma reduces the status of individuals from full social acceptance, motivating the stigmatized person to find ways to cope with the perceived threat as much as possible. The present study explored the experience of dealing with a mental illness daily within the public space. We applied an interpretive description method using a semi‐structured interview guide to elicit subjective responses from 12 purposefully recruited outpatients. Study participants described various ways through which individuals coped with their illness, including secrecy, avoidance/withdrawal, relaxation techniques, confrontation, ignoring the stigmatizing agent, ingroup comparisons, and engaging in diversion activities. The participants' observations suggest they were unhappy about how society perceived and treated them. To deal with stigma, multifaceted approaches of active engagement with the public, healthcare providers, policymakers, and government are needed to mitigate the phenomenon.
Pharmaceutical waste from a Danish hospital
Authors: Overgaard Lærke Karner , Johansen Katrine Bitsch , Krumborg Julie Rudbech , Nielsen Michelle Lyndgaard , Christensen Mette Marie Hougaard , Pedersen Sidsel Arnspang
Published: August 2024

The healthcare sector is a major contributor of greenhouse gas emissions, and reduction and proper sorting of healthcare waste is essential to achieve sustainable healthcare. This study aimed to characterize the quantity and composition of pharmaceutical waste from a major Danish hospital. Pharmaceutical waste was collected from Odense University Hospital, including departments located in both Odense and Svendborg. The average daily production of pharmaceutical waste was 1150 g/day in Odense and 5967 g/day in Svendborg, with the operating rooms in Svendborg contributing 3143 g/day. The amount and composition of pharmaceutical waste varied greatly between departments, but some common patterns were identified. Propofol accounted for about one third of the pharmaceutical waste obtained from operating rooms. Antibiotics for systemic use constituted a significant proportion of the pharmaceutical waste from several departments and were the therapeutic group from which most different drugs were identified. Paracetamol accounted for 33.5% of the discarded tablets/capsules in Odense and 12.6% in Svendborg. Medications dispensed by automated dose dispensing accounted for a significant proportion of the discarded tablets/capsules in departments using this service. This study highlights some key areas for reduction and management of pharmaceutical waste and contributes to the currently limited evidence within this area.
Cognitive heterogeneity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Implications for maths
Authors: Kanevski Margarita , Booth Josie N. , Stewart Tracy M. , Rhodes Sinead M.
Published: August 2024

This study investigated whether cognitive function better predicted maths test performance than a clinical diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Forty‐four drug naïve children (Mage = 101.34 months, SD = 19.39; 30% girls) were recruited from clinical ADHD referral waiting lists. Children underwent assessment of Executive Functions (EF), lower‐level cognitive processes, and maths performance. Children were grouped using a categorical approach comprising (1) children with a clinical ADHD diagnosis and (2) children without a diagnosis (i.e., subthreshold ADHD). Secondly, hierarchical cluster analysis generated subgroups of children using EF scores. Children were compared on cognition, maths, and parent‐rated symptoms of ADHD and co‐occurring difficulties. Children's diagnostic outcomes did not differentiate maths performance. By contrast, EF subgroups generated meaningful cognitive clusters which differentiated maths test scores. This suggests that cognitive patterns of performance, rather than children's diagnostic outcomes, are more informative for identifying meaningful groups with variable maths performance which has implications for remedial support.
Histopathologic, genomic, transcriptomic, and functional characteristics of eight melanocytic tumors with BRAF fusions showing stronger MAPK pathway activation compared to BRAF V600E tumors
Authors: Li Aofei , Warren Simon J. , Umphress Brandon A. , Alomari Ahmed K.
Published: August 2024

Background

Activating BRAF gene alterations are central to melanocytic tumor pathogenesis. A small, emerging subset of melanocytic tumors driven by BRAF fusions has distinct therapeutic implications and has been described to have Spitzoid morphology patterns. However, such morphological patterns do not encompass all cases, and little is known about the functional molecular events.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective search through our molecular archives to identify melanocytic tumors with BRAF fusions. We reviewed clinical, histopathological, and genomic features. We further explored transcriptomic and protein‐level findings.

Results

Histopathologic patterns varied, with many cases without a distinctive pattern. We identified novel and diverse BRAF gene fusion partners. Differential transcriptomic analysis between low‐risk BRAF fusion tumors and reference BRAF V600E tumors showed no differentially expressed genes. However, quantitatively stronger MAPK pathway activation of BRAF fusion tumors over BRAF V600E tumors was demonstrated by statistically significant stronger staining of p‐ERK immunohistochemistry. Gene‐specific RNA analysis shows comparable BRAF transcript levels between the two groups.

Discussion and Conclusion

The quantitatively stronger activation of the MAPK pathway of BRAF fusion tumors, instead of qualitatively different transcriptomes, may account for the morphology difference from conventional BRAF V600E tumors. BRAF fusions likely act through dysregulated protein function rather than RNA upregulation related to the characteristics of the fusion partners.
If patients had a choice – Treatment satisfaction and patients’ preference in therapy of actinic keratoses
Authors: Lang Berenice M. , Zielbauer Sebastian , Stege Henner , Grabbe Stephan , Staubach Petra
Published: August 2024

Background

Actinic keratoses (AK) are increasing in incidence and represent the most common (pre‐)cancerous lesion in the fair‐skinned population, with a high unmet medical need. In order to increase treatment adherence, it is very important to assess patients' therapy‐related evaluations of different treatment options.

Patients and methods

100 patients with AK who were treated with at least two different treatment options were included. They rated their therapies using the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM, maximum 100 points per category) and a Likert scale (LS, 1  =  very satisfied; 6  =  not satisfied). Patients were also asked about their needs in terms of treatment goal, cost, type, duration, and location of treatment.

Results

81% of the study participants were male and on average 74 years old. 95% had field cancerization. Eight frequently used therapy procedures were evaluated by the patients (surgery, cryotherapy, various topical agents, photodynamic therapy). The TSQM satisfaction scores ranged from 78.47 ± 16.07 (surgical procedures) to 53.03 ± 22.13 (diclofenac‐HA). Statistically significant differences between the procedures were only found in the area of efficacy. Side effects were classified as low. Low recurrence rate and safe removal were the most important treatment goals (LS: 1.18 ± 0.44 and 1.27 ± 0.53, respectively).

Conclusions

Understanding patient preferences is essential for adherence and is therefore of great importance for the success of AK therapy. Personalized approaches should be considered in the choice of therapy.
Combination of secondary intention healing and primary closure to reconstruct large facial defects
Authors: Arif Nawa , Baumann Lara , Felcht Moritz
Published: August 2024

Secondary intention healing has been a well‐established method to close wounds for more than 200 years. Indeed, it represents the easiest technique in the ladder of plastic reconstruction. Primary wound closure (side‐to‐side closure, direct wound closure) is the second easiest method. The combination of these two techniques is already an integral aspect of specific surgical procedures, e.g. the reconstruction of the donor site of a paramedian forehead flap. This minireview will show that the combination is also a suitable alternative to classic flaps in reconstruction of different aesthetic subunits of the face. These are the scalp, the lateral cheek, the upper nasal sidewall/medial canthus and the retroauricular region. The advantages and disadvantages will be discussed and illustrated with clinical examples.
Resilience in Oral Health Professional Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Long Ruby , Forty Liz , Field James
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Resilience is defined as an individual's capacity to effectively adapt in the face of challenges without detrimental effects on their health and well‐being. This scoping review identifies and rationalises the published concepts that underpin resilience in oral health professional (OHP) education. It provides recommendations for the development of evidence‐based strategies for promoting resilience in OHP education.

Methods

The PRISMA and Arksey and O'Malley methodological frameworks for scoping reviews were used to determine the methodology and answer the question ‘What concepts contribute to resilience in OHP Education?’. The search strategy included published literature searches and internet searches.

Results

In total, 744 articles on resilience and coping were identified, and 59 were included after excluding irrelevant records. Most studies used surveys as their study design and focused on undergraduate dental students in North America and Asia. Three main themes were identified: factors that contribute to resilience, measurement tools and scales and enhancing resilience. This review highlights a positive correlation between increased resilience and improved outcomes for dental students.

Conclusion

Resilience and its related factors are not well understood. There is insufficient evidence to support interventions for building resilience due to inconsistent measuring methods and limited research validating resilience scales in OHP education. Investigators should accurately understand the terminology for clarity and consistency. Validated outcome measures and student feedback should be used to determine the effectiveness of interventions. It is important to teach students coping strategies to manage stressors, and digital applications for building resilience should be developed and tested in OHP student populations.
Progress report on new medications for seizures and epilepsy: A summary of the 17th Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XVII). II. Drugs in more advanced clinical development
Authors: Bialer Meir , Johannessen Svein I. , Koepp Matthias J. , Perucca Emilio , Perucca Piero , Tomson Torbjörn , White H. Steve
Published: August 2024

The 17th Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices took place in Madrid, Spain on May 5–8, 2024. As usual, the core part of the conference consisted of presentations on investigational drugs at various stages of development for epilepsy‐related indications. Summaries of information on compounds in preclinical or early clinical development are included in an accompanying publication (Part I). In this article, we provide summaries for five compounds in more advanced clinical development, i.e. compounds for which some information on antiseizure activity in individuals with epilepsy is available. These investigational treatments include azetukalner (XEN1101), a potent, KV7.2/7.3‐specific potassium channel opener in development for the treatment of focal seizures, generalized tonic–clonic seizures, and major depressive disorder; bexicaserin (LP352), a selective 5‐HT2C receptor superagonist in development for the treatment of seizures associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies; radiprodil, a selective negative allosteric modulator of NR2B subunit‐containing N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate glutamate receptors, in development for the treatment of seizures and behavior manifestations associated with disorders caused by gain‐of‐function mutations in the GRIN1, −2A, ‐2B, or ‐2D genes; soticlestat (TAK‐935), a selective inhibitor of cholesterol 24‐hydroxylase in development for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome; and STK‐001, an antisense oligonucleotide designed to upregulate Nav1.1 protein expression and improve outcomes in individuals with Dravet syndrome. The diversity in mechanisms of action of these agents illustrates different approaches being pursued in the discovery of novel treatments for seizures and epilepsy. For two of the compounds discussed in this report (azetukalner and soticlestat), clinical evidence of efficacy has already been obtained in a randomized placebo‐controlled adjunctive‐therapy trial. For the other compounds, adequately powered placebo‐controlled efficacy trials have not been completed to date.
Characteristics of motor vehicle crashes and fatality risk among drivers with epilepsy
Authors: Sun Yu , Ku Meng‐Yun , Liu Chih‐Ching , Chien Li‐Nien
Published: August 2024

Objective

Among motor vehicle crashes (MVCs), little is known about whether the characteristics and collision features involving drivers with epilepsy differ from those involving drivers without any history of epilepsy. We assessed MVC features and the effect of epilepsy diagnosis on the risk of severe crash‐related injuries among drivers.

Methods

A total of 33 174 MVC events among people with epilepsy (PWE) and 663 480 MVC events of age‐ and sex‐matched non‐PWE (1:20) were selected. Crash‐related features that involved drivers with and without epilepsy were compared, including driver eligibility, medical history of comorbidities and medications, road and environmental conditions, and accident causes. Cox and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the risks of fatality and severe injury among drivers with and without epilepsy.

Results

PWE involved in MVCs were more likely to have lower socioeconomic status, comorbidities, scooter drivers without a qualified driver's license, driving under the influence of alcohol, and be involved in single‐vehicle accidents than non‐PWE. Drivers with epilepsy also had a higher risk of fatality within 30 days of MVC, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–1.57) and a higher risk of hospital admission within 3 days after MVC (aHR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.29–1.38) compared to that of non‐PWE.

Significance

The characteristics of MVCs of drivers with epilepsy were distinct from those of non‐affected drivers. And higher fatality and injury rates were observed among drivers with epilepsy, which should be considered in further policymaking regarding safe driving of PWE.
Fish assemblages and first sale prices from local markets in the Lower Mekong River Basin
Authors: Lai Quan T. , Cowx Ian G. , Huy Hoang Duc , So Nam
Published: August 2024

The Mekong River is the most productive inland fishery in the world and identified as a valuable source of hydropower generation. Consequently, benefits of energy production must be traded off against impacts on other ecological and environmental services, especially on fisheries that have been largely downplayed. We surveyed fish markets in 12 provinces in the Lower Mekong River Basin (LMB) to quantify the diversity, abundance and prices of fish species and to account for potential impacts of water infrastructure and development projects. Of 116 species in nine major ecological guilds in markets, potamodromous main channel spawners were the most diverse guild that contributed 30% of species and were present in markets in all countries and sites, whereas anadromous species were the least diverse guild with two species in Vietnam only. More than 45% of fish recorded in local markets in Cambodia and more than 80% in Vietnam were small‐sized fish (<25 cm), whereas about 50% of fish marketed in Lao PDR and Thailand were large‐sized fish (>50 cm). Fish were sold by both size and species, with most species sold in only one size category. The first‐sale price was highest in Lao PDR, followed by Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia. Our findings provide primary ecological and economic information that can be used to estimate potential economic losses of fisheries when considering trade‐offs between energy and the environment.
Relationship between fish traits and the methane‐derived carbon contribution to fish in a shallow lake
Authors: Tsuchiya Kenji , Matsuzaki Shin‐ichiro S. , Kohzu Ayato
Published: August 2024

Although the transfer of methane‐derived carbon (MDC) to benthic macroinvertebrates such as chironomid larvae and oligochaetes has been well documented, knowledge of the transfer of MDC to fish is limited.

We investigated the MDC contribution to 28 fish species through their growth stages and examined the relationship between fish traits including body size, and MDC contribution to fish within species in Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. We used carbon stable isotope ratios and a two‐source mixing model (methane‐oxidation bacteria [MOB] and particulate organic matter) to estimate the MDC contribution to fish.

The MDC contribution to individual fish ranged from 0% to 21.5%. Anguilla japonica showed the highest MDC contribution (mean 3.8%). Fish species were classified into four groups according to two criteria: (a) whether the correlation between the MDC contribution and fish size (within species) was significantly negative (negative vs. not significant; ns); and (b) whether the 90th percentile of MDC contribution was 0% or not. The mean MDC contribution was highest (2.18% ± 2.93%, 12 species) for the group with (a)ns/(b)>0%, including the high contribution species such as Abbottina rivularis (mean 5.5%) and Biwia zezera (mean 9.8%). This group (12 species) included relatively high numbers of benthic habitat use (eight species) and omnivores (nine species). The mean MDC contributions were almost zero for the group with (a)ns/(b)=0% (seven species), which included only two species of benthic habitat use and one species of omnivores. The mean MDC contributions were intermediate for the other groups with (a)negative/(b)>0% (1.30% ± 1.17%, seven species) and (a)negative/(b)=0% (0.10%, two species). The negative correlation between fish size within species and MDC contribution in groups with (a)negative/(b)>0% and (a)negative/(b)=0% indicated that ontogenetic habitat and dietary shifts induced changes in MDC transfer.

Our results suggest that 21 out of 28 fish species were involved in the MDC transfer in a shallow lake, but variation in MDC transfer could be explained by fish traits (trophic guild and habitat use). Although the mean MDC contribution to all fish species was low (0.61% ± 1.97%), the roughly estimated annual consumption rate of fish on MOB corresponded to approximately 10% of the MOB production in the sediment, suggesting that fish contribute to methane dynamics from the perspective of biogeochemical cycles.
RAD18‐ and BRCA1‐dependent pathways promote cellular tolerance to the nucleoside analog ganciclovir
Authors: Ahmad Tasnim , Kawasumi Ryotaro , Hirota Kouji
Published: August 2024

Ganciclovir (GCV) is a clinically important drug as it is used to treat viral infections. GCV is incorporated into the DNA during replication, where it interferes with subsequent replication on GCV‐incorporated templates. However, the effects of GCV on the host genome and the mechanisms underlying cellular tolerance to GCV remain unclear. In this study, we explored these mechanisms using a collection of mutant DT40 cells. We identified RAD17/−, BRCA1−/−, and RAD18−/− cells as highly GCV‐sensitive. RAD17, a component of the alternative checkpoint‐clamp loader RAD17‐RFC, was required for the activation of the intra‐S checkpoint following GCV treatment. BRCA1, a critical factor for promoting homologous recombination (HR), was required for suppressing DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs). Moreover, RAD18, an E3‐ligase involved in DNA repair, was critical in suppressing the aberrant ligation of broken chromosomes caused by GCV. We found that BRCA1 suppresses DSBs through HR‐mediated repair and template switching (TS)‐mediated damage bypass. Moreover, the strong GCV sensitivity of BRCA1−/− cells was rescued by the loss of 53BP1, despite the only partial restoration in the sister chromatid exchange events which are hallmarks of HR. These results indicate that BRCA1 promotes cellular tolerance to GCV through two mechanisms, TS and HR‐mediated repair.
Ultrahigh‐temperature tensile behaviors of ZrB2–SiC ceramics
Authors: Cheng Tianbao , Lv Jingwen , Nie Shuyan
Published: August 2024

ZrB2–SiC ceramics are the potential candidates for the ultrahigh‐temperature thermal protection materials of sharp‐bodied reentry and hypersonic vehicles. However, their ultrahigh‐temperature mechanical behaviors have been rarely reported. In the present work, an ultrahigh‐temperature testing method for the tensile properties of ceramics is proposed. The tensile behaviors of ZrB2–20 vol% SiC are studied up to 1950°C in air and to 2050°C in nitrogen atmosphere for the first time. The tensile stress–strain curves, Young's modulus, and tensile strength are obtained. The microstructure evolutions, including crystallization of sintering aids, grain recombination, and grain oxidation, are observed, and their effects on the tensile properties are analyzed. The mechanisms controlling the tensile behaviors at ultrahigh temperatures are revealed. The maximum operating temperature of ZrB2–SiC ceramics has been identified.
Behavioural Factors Influencing Consumer Acceptance of Sustainable Healthy Food: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Bourke Bríd C. , McCarthy Mary B. , McCarthy Sinéad N.
Published: August 2024

Human and planetary health goals have coalesced within consumer food choices. Food‐based dietary guidelines provide expert recommendations on what to eat, however, adherence is low and few include sustainability recommendations. This systematic review sought to extract consumer behavioural findings specifically related to ‘healthy sustainable diets’ to gain insights into the levers of food‐related behavioural change. Data analysed from 57 studies reveal that while 27 discrete behavioural theories underpinned conceptualisation of research, just three dominate this literature: Theory of Planned Behaviour, Transtheoretical Model and Social Practice Theory. Correspondingly, studies were mainly concerned with motivation, attitudes, intentions and practices. Promising research directions are emerging from investigations into the roles of emotions, meat attachment and types of knowledge. Those sustainable healthy food behaviours (SuHeFB) most investigated were meat consumption reduction, plant‐based food consumption, and alternative‐to‐animal protein food product acceptance. In addressing the perplexity surrounding consumer inertia in altering dietary habits, this review provides a comprehensive SuHeFB construct typology and a justification for directing research attention towards the phenomenon of amotivation. In addition, 31 future research questions are posited under six related SuHeFB themes.
Initiating or switching to insulin degludec/insulin aspart in a real‐world population of adults with type 2 diabetes in Australia: results from a prospective, non‐interventional study
Authors: Fulcher Gregory R. , Cohen Neale D. , Davies Katherine , d'Emden Michael , Glastras Sarah J. , Mah Peak M. , McCallum Roland W. , Moses Robert , Thong Ken Y. , Roberts Anthony
Published: August 2024

Background

Insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) is a fixed‐ratio co‐formulation of insulin degludec and insulin aspart for the treatment of people with diabetes and suboptimal glycaemic control. Few real‐world studies of IDegAsp treatment have been conducted. Here, we report results from the Australian cohort of the global ARISE study of real‐world IDegAsp use.

Aims

To investigate glycaemic control and other clinical outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with IDegAsp in a real‐world setting in Australia.

Methods

A total of 183 adults with T2D initiating or switching to IDegAsp in the Australian cohort of the open‐label, non‐interventional ARISE study were followed for 26–36 weeks from August 2019 to December 2020.

Results

IDegAsp was associated with significant reductions from baseline to end of study (EOS) in mean glycated haemoglobin (estimated change −0.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): −1.05 to −0.56; P < 0.0001)), fasting plasma glucose (−1.6 mmol/L (95% CI: −2.49 to −0.63; P = 0.0017)) and body weight (−2.6 kg (95% CI: −3.68 to −1.55; P < 0.0001)). In insulin‐experienced patients, the mean total daily insulin dose did not change significantly (estimated change from baseline to EOS 3.8 (95% CI: –3.70 to 11.21; P = 0.3202)). The proportion of patients experiencing hypoglycaemia numerically decreased during the study (non‐severe: 14.2–10.9%; nocturnal non‐severe: 4.9–2.2%; and severe: 2.2–0%).

Conclusions

Initiating or switching to IDegAsp in a real‐world population of people with T2D in Australia was associated with significant improvements in glycaemic control and body weight, and numerically lower levels of hypoglycaemia compared with baseline.
Nurses Supporting Nurses: A Model for Providing Mental Health Services During War
Authors: Segev Ronen , Levi Galit , Segalovich Jenny
Published: August 2024

Nurses routinely face psychological challenges as part of their work, acutely so during times of crises when nurses may treat many severely injured and dying patients. While the need for such support is well documented in the literature, mental health support programmes aimed at healthcare workers, even when available, are often underutilised, especially by nurses. To gain insights about needed mental health supports for nurses and programme implementation, this study examines a programme launched following a surprise attack on Israel on 7 October, 2023, resulting in thousands of deaths and injuries and precipitating a war. The programme deployed 30 volunteer nurses trained in cognitive behavioural therapy, trauma support and mental health first aid to offer up to three, anonymous, 30‐min online therapy sessions to nurses around Israel in December 2023. Using a qualitative descriptive design, we engaged 22 of these volunteers in one of the three focus groups lasting 60–90 min each. Our findings highlight a range of mental health issues—among both the volunteers and therapy recipients—as well as barriers to providing mental health support to nurses. The importance of normalising the pursuit of mental health support in nursing education and ensuring the availability of support in healthcare organisations was emphasised.