bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Homozygous Sickle Cell Patients: A Hemolysis-Mediated Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Phenotype?
Authors: Khan Edmat Akhtar , Cheddani Lynda , Saint-Jacques Camille , Vargas-Poussou Rosa , Frochot Vincent , Chieze Remi , Letavernier Emmanuel , Avellino Virginie , Lionnet Francois , Haymann Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2021

Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) has been reported to have a higher prevalence in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, including a high rate of recurrence following surgery. However, most patients are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, with surprisingly infrequent hypercalciuria, raising the issue of renal calcium handling in SCD patients. We conducted a retrospective study including (1) 64 hypercalcemic pHPT non-SCD patients; (2) 177 SCD patients, divided into two groups of 12 hypercalcemic pHPT and 165 non-pHPT; (3) eight patients with a diagnosis of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH). Demographic and biological parameters at the time of diagnosis were collected and compared between the different groups. Determinants of fasting fractional excretion of calcium (FeCa2+) were also analyzed in non-pHPT SCD patients. Compared to non-SCD pHPT patients, our data show a similar ionized calcium and PTH concentration, with a lower plasmatic calcitriol concentration and a lower daily urinary calcium excretion in pHPT SCD patients (p < 0.0001 in both cases). Fasting FeCa2+ is also surprisingly low in pHPT SCD patients, and thus inadequate to be considered hypercalcemia, recalling the FHH phenotype. FeCa2+ is also low in the non-pHPT SCD control group, and negatively associated with PTH and hemolytic biomarkers such as LDH and low hemoglobin. Our data suggest that the pHPT biochemical phenotype in SCD patients resembles the FHH phenotype, and the fasting FeCa2+ association with chronic hemolysis biomarkers strengthens the view of a potential pharmacological link between hemolytic by-products and calcium reabsorption, potentially through a decreased calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) activity.
Assessment of Extreme Storm Surges over the Changjiang River Estuary from a Wave-Current Coupled Model
Authors: Chi Yutao , Rong Zengrui
Published: November 2021

Disastrous storm surges and waves caused by typhoons are major marine dynamic disasters affecting the east China coast and the Changjiang River Estuary, especially when they occur coincidentally. In this study, a high-resolution wave–current coupled model consisting of ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation) and SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore) was established and validated. The model shows reasonable skills in reproducing the surge levels and waves. The storm surges and associated waves are then simulated for 98 typhoons affecting the Changjiang River Estuary over the past 32 years (1987–2018). Two different wind fields, the ERA reanalysis and the ERA-based synthetic wind with a theoretical typhoon model, were adopted to discern the potential uncertainties associated with winds. Model results forced by the ERA reanalysis show comparative skills with the synthetic winds, but differences may be relatively large in specific stations. The extreme surge levels with a 50-year return period are then presented based on the coupled model results and the Gumbel distribution model. Higher risk is presented in Hangzhou Bay and the nearshore region along the coast of Zhejiang. Comparative runs with and without wave effects were conducted to discern the impact of waves on the extreme surge levels. The wave setup contributes to 2–12.5% of the 50-year extreme surge level. Furthermore, the joint exceedance probabilities of high surge levels and high wave height were evaluated with the Gumbel–logistic statistic model. Given the same joint return period, the nearshore region along the coast of Zhejiang is more vulnerable with high surges and large waves than the Changjiang River Estuary with large waves and moderate surges.
Design and Analysis Methods for Trials with AI-Based Diagnostic Devices for Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Lu , Parker Kevin J. , Jung Sin-Ho
Published: November 2021

Imaging is important in cancer diagnostics. It takes a long period of medical training and clinical experience for radiologists to be able to accurately interpret diagnostic images. With the advance of big data analysis, machine learning and AI-based devices are currently under development and taking a role in imaging diagnostics. If an AI-based imaging device can read the image as accurately as experienced radiologists, it may be able to help radiologists increase the accuracy of their reading and manage their workloads. In this paper, we consider two potential study objectives of a clinical trial to evaluate an AI-based device for breast cancer diagnosis by comparing its concordance with human radiologists. We propose statistical design and analysis methods for each study objective. Extensive numerical studies are conducted to show that the proposed statistical testing methods control the type I error rate accurately and the design methods provide required sample sizes with statistical powers close to pre-specified nominal levels. The proposed methods were successfully used to design and analyze a real device trial.
Non-Invasive Assessment of Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Scatteia Alessandra , Silverio Angelo , Padalino Roberto , De Stefano Francesco , America Raffaella , Cappelletti Alberto Maria , Dalla Vecchia Laura Adelaide , Guarini Pasquale , Donatelli Francesco , Caiazza Francesco , Dellegrottaglie Santo
Published: November 2021

The left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) is the preferred parameter applied for the non-invasive evaluation of LV systolic function in clinical practice. It has a well-recognized and extensive role in the clinical management of numerous cardiac conditions. Many imaging modalities are currently available for the non-invasive assessment of LVEF. The aim of this review is to describe their relative advantages and disadvantages, proposing a hierarchical application of the different imaging tests available for LVEF evaluation based on the level of accuracy/reproducibility clinically required.
Influence of Online Reviews on Student Satisfaction Seen through a Service Quality Model
Authors: Torabi Mostafa , Bélanger Charles H.
Published: November 2021

University or college is a challenging reality leading to a sometimes elusive career path. By consulting social media and review websites, students have more alternatives to consider in their choice determination. This study develops a multifaceted model to recognize the influence of service quality and e-word of mouth on customer satisfaction and the impact of customer satisfaction on word of mouth. Data gathered from a sample of 150 university students are analyzed by SPSS and PLS-SEM. The findings indicate that service quality dimensions and e-WOM have positive impacts on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, this study reinforces that customer satisfaction has a positive influence on customers’ WOM intentions. This research recommends that university management should consider the importance of service quality factors and social media channels to meet and exceed students’ expectations in order to bolster the quality of services and boost customer satisfaction.
Gross Ecosystem Productivity Dominates the Control of Ecosystem Methane Flux in Rice Paddies
Authors: Li Hong , Zhao Min , Peng Changhui , Guo Haiqiang , Wang Qing , Zhao Bin
Published: November 2021

Although rice paddy fields are one of the world’s largest anthropogenic sources of methane CH4, the budget of ecosystem CH4 and its’ controls in rice paddies remain unclear. Here, we analyze seasonal dynamics of direct ecosystem-scale measurements of CH4 flux in a rice-wheat rotation agroecosystem over 3 consecutive years. Results showed that the averaged CO2 uptakes and CH4 emissions in rice seasons were 2.2 and 20.9 folds of the wheat seasons, respectively. In sum, the wheat-rice rotation agroecosystem acted as a large net C sink (averaged 460.79 g C m−2) and a GHG (averaged 174.38 g CO2eq m−2) source except for a GHG sink in one year (2016) with a very high rice seeding density. While the linear correlation between daily CH4 fluxes and gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) was not significant for the whole rice season, daily CH4 fluxes were significantly correlated to daily GEP both before (R2: 0.52–0.83) and after the mid-season drainage (R2: 0.71–0.79). Furthermore, the F partial test showed that GEP was much greater than that of any other variable including soil temperature for the rice season in each year. Meanwhile, the parameters of the best-fit functions between daily CH4 fluxes and GEP shifted between rice growth stages. This study highlights that GEP is a good predictor of daily CH4 fluxes in rice paddies.
Understanding the Impact of Land Resource Misallocation on Carbon Emissions in China
Authors: Ma Aihui , He Yaya , Tang Peng
Published: November 2021

In order to achieve growth in fiscal revenue and the regional economy under the Chinese decentralization system, the land resources misallocation (LRM) among different industries was promoted through the differentiated land supply strategy, which has a vital role in carbon emissions. This study theoretically analyzes the overall effect and the effect of the intermediate LRM mechanism on carbon emissions and empirically tests the impact of LRM on carbon emissions based on panel data collected from 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2017 using the environmental Kuznets curve theory. The results show that (1) the local governments have monopolized the primary land market across the nation, leading to resource misallocation among industrial, commercial, and residential land. This inefficient and unsustainable allocation aggravated the release of carbon emissions. (2) The impact of LRM on carbon emissions has varied among different regions. LRM in the eastern and central regions significantly exacerbated carbon emissions. A greater impact on carbon emissions occurred in the eastern region, while the impact was insignificant in the western region. (3) There are two mechanisms through which LRM affects carbon emissions. One is the restraint of upgrading industrial structure, and the other is the restriction of technological innovations. In conclusion, speeding up the reform of the tax sharing system is suggested to reduce the excessive dependence of local governments on land resources. Meanwhile, in order to reduce carbon emissions, the land acquisition and transfer system should be reformed to gradually achieve the market-oriented allocation of land resources, and the benefits coordination mechanism of different land transfer modes should be established. Finally, we propose different carbon emission reduction policies for the heterogeneity of regional economic development.
Urban Vitality Evaluation and Spatial Correlation Research: A Case Study from Shanghai, China
Authors: Shi Jiangang , Miao Wei , Si Hongyun , Liu Ting
Published: November 2021

Urban vitality is the primary driver of urban development. However, assessing urban vitality has always been a challenge. This paper builds on the research framework of sustainable development evaluation and selects evaluation indicators from the three systems of urban operation: economy, society, and environment. The deviation maximization (DM) method is used to evaluate urban vitality. Shanghai is then used as a case study for evaluation, and the comprehensive index of urban vitality is calculated for the city from 2010 to 2019. The evaluation results indicate that the urban vitality of Shanghai experienced a significant upward trend over ten years (2010–2019), which shows that the urban competitiveness of Shanghai is constantly strengthening. Next, the study focuses on the administrative region of Shanghai, to calculate the regional vitality level of Shanghai from 2010 to 2019 and to explore its spatial distribution characteristics. Then, a spatial autocorrelation analysis is used to explore the mechanism that affects the spatial distribution of urban vitality. The results demonstrate that the urban vitality in Shanghai shows a significant positive correlation in space. Moreover, there is a “High–High” gathering area, which includes Huangpu, Xuhui, Hongkou, and Changning in central area of Shanghai. This research provides a theoretical reference to support effective decision-making with respect to high-quality urban development.
A Typological Analysis of Cognate Infinitives in Lebanese Arabic Based on Comparative Semitic Evidence
Authors: Iriarte Díez Ana
Published: November 2021

Despite the relatively scarce literature on the topic and the lack of terminological consensus among scholars, Cognate Infinitives (CI) have been identified to share formal and functional characteristics across Semitic. The present study provides a description of the formal features of Cognate Infinitives in Lebanese Arabic (LA) based on the analysis of linguistic data gathered through a participant observation method. The novelty of this description lies in its comparative approach, which has been developed in the light of the Semitic evidence available, gathered through a review of the main literature available on the topic. The results of this comparative analysis reveal that the grammatical features of Cognate Infinitives in Lebanese Arabic seem to be in line with general Semitic trends that do not, however, always find their parallel in prescriptive descriptions of Cognate Infinitives in Classical or Standard Arabic.
Biomechanical Performance of BoneHelix® Compared with Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing (ESIN) in a Pediatric Tibia Fracture Model
Authors: Brandes Laura Leonie , Nicolini Luis Fernando , Greven Johannes , Lichte Philipp , Stopinski Thomas Thaddäus , Sattler Martin , Hildebrand Frank , Pishnamaz Miguel
Published: November 2021

Tibial shaft fractures are common injuries in the pediatric and adolescent populations. Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) is the treatment of choice for cases that require surgical stabilization. A new intramedullary device, BoneHelix® (BH), may be an alternative for use with fractures that cannot be satisfactorily stabilized with ESIN. This study aimed to assess the biomechanical performance of BH compared with ESIN in a porcine tibia fracture model, observing cyclic fatigue and load to failure. Computed tomography was used to monitor the implant position and to rule out unintended damage. No implant or bone failure occurred during the fatigue testing. An increase in the cumulative plastic displacement was observed in both test groups over the loading cycles applied. Both implant–bone constructs displayed a trend toward closure of the osteotomy gap. During the load-to-failure test, the average loads at failure in specimens instrumented with ESIN and BH were 5364 N (±723) and 4350 N (±893), respectively, which were not statistically significant (p = 0.11). The values of both groups were two to three times higher than the estimated maximal load (2000 N) during physiological weight bearing. The biomechanical results thus indicate equivalent performance and stability by the implants tested.
Lactate Predicts Neurological Outcomes after Perinatal Asphyxia in Post-Hypothermia Era: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tu Yi-Fang , Wu Po-Ming , Yu Wen-Hao , Li Chung-I , Wu Cheng-Lin , Kang Lin , Lin Yung-Chieh , Shih Hsin-I , Huang Chao-Ching
Published: November 2021

Background: Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most common cause of mortality and neurological disability in infancy after perinatal asphyxia. Reliable biomarkers to predict neurological outcomes of neonates after perinatal asphyxia are still not accessible in clinical practice. Methods: A prospective cohort study enrolled neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Biochemical blood tests and cerebral Doppler ultrasound were measured within 6 h of age and at the 4th day old. Neurological outcomes were assessed at 1 year old. Results: Sixty-four neonates with perinatal asphyxia were enrolled. Fifty-eight (90%) had hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) including 20 (34%) Stage I, 21 (36%) Stage II, and 17 (29%) Stage III. In the asphyxiated infants without therapeutic hypothermia, HIE stage, PH, and base excess levels within 6 h of age were the predictors of adverse outcomes. In the asphyxiated infants receiving therapeutic hypothermia, HIE stage failed to predict outcomes. Instead, blood lactate levels and pulsatility index (PI) of medial cerebral arteries (MCA) either in 6 h of age or at the 4th day old independently predicted adverse outcomes. Conclusions: Blood lactate, which is a common accessible test at the hospital and MCA PI on cerebral ultrasound could predict adverse outcomes in asphyxiated infants receiving therapeutic hypothermia.
Chloride Transport Behaviour and Service Performance of Cracked Concrete Linings in Coastal Subway Tunnels
Authors: Zhang Sulei , Xu Qing , Ren Rui , Sui Jiahao , Liu Chang , Yuan Changfeng
Published: November 2021

The concrete lining in subway tunnels often undergoes cracking damage in coastal cities. The combination of cracked tunnel lining structures and high concentrations of corrosive ions in the groundwater (e.g., chlorine) can accelerate concrete erosion, reduce the mechanical performance of the lining structures and shorten the tunnel service life. This paper investigates the chloride ion concentration in the groundwater of several subway tunnels in the coastal city of Qingdao, China. Indoor experiments and numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the chloride ion transport behaviour and service performance of cracked concrete linings. The results are applied to predict the service life of lining structures. The crack depth in concrete linings is found to have the most significant effect on the transport rate of chloride ions, followed by the crack width. The numerical simulations are carried out using COMSOL software to study the chloride transport behaviour in cracked specimens and predict the service lifetimes of lining structures of different thicknesses, and the results correspond well with the experimental data. The durability of a concrete lining can be enhanced by increasing the thickness of the protective concrete layer. Additional measures are proposed for treating cracked concrete linings to resist chloride ion attack in subway tunnels.
The Effect of Solid-State Processes and Heat Treatment on the Properties of AA7075 Aluminum Waste Recycling Nanocomposite
Authors: Sabbar Huda Mohammed , Leman Zulkiflle , Shamsudin Shazarel , Tahir Suraya Mohd , Jaafar Che Nor Aiza , Ariff Azmah Hanim Mohamed , Zahari Nur Ismarrubie , Rady Mohammed H.
Published: November 2021

Direct solid-states, such as hot extrusion and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), are alternative and efficient solid-state processes for use in recycling aluminium scrap. These processes utilise less energy and are eco-friendly. Ceramic particles such as ZrO2 are suggested as alternatives in the production of metal composites. This study investigated and optimised the effects of various parameters of reinforced ZrO2 nanoparticles on the mechanical and physical properties via response surface methodology (RSM). These parameters were the volume fraction (VF), preheating temperature (T), and preheating time (t). The effects of these parameters were examined before and after the heat treatment condition and ECAP. Each parameter was evaluated at varying magnitudes, i.e., 450, 500, and 550 °C for T, 1, 2, and 3 h for t, and 1, 3, and 5% for VF. The effect that process variables had on responses was elucidated using the factorial design with centre point analysis. T and VF were crucial for attaining the optimum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness. Reducing VF increased the mechanical properties to 1 vol% of oxide. The maximum hardness of 95 HV was attained at 550 °C, 1.6 h, and 1 vol% ZrO2 with a density of 2.85 g/cm3 and tensile strength of 487 MPa. UTS, density, and microhardness were enhanced by 14%, 1%, and 9.5%, respectively. Additionally, the hot extrusion parameters and ECAP followed by heat treatment strengthened the microhardness by 64% and density by 3%. Compression pressure and extrusion stress produced in these stages were sufficient to eliminate voids that increased the mechanical properties.
Fatigue Life of Austenitic Steel 304 Bolts Strengthened by Surface Treatment with Graphene Oxide Layer and Surface Shot Peening
Authors: Nasiłowska Barbara , Bogdanowicz Zdzisław , Kłysz Sylwester , Baran Marta , Lisiecki Janusz , Mońka Grzegorz , Bartosewicz Bartosz , Komorek Zenon , Bombalska Aneta , Mierczyk Zygmunt
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the results of investigations of the effect of graphene oxide and surface shot peening on the mechanical properties and fatigue life of bolts made of austenitic 304 steel. An innovative method for the uniform deposition of graphene oxide on screws is presented. The process involved activating the surface using plasma and then performing graphene oxide deposition using centrifugal force and vacuum drying. The screw specimens prepared in this way were subjected to a surface peening process. Comparative studies have shown that the combination of graphene oxide deposition and shot peening processes results in an increase in fatigue life of approximately 42 ÷ 275% (depending on the stress amplitude level) compared to the as-delivered samples. The results presented are promising and may provide a basis for further research on the application of graphene and its derivatives to increase fatigue life and improve the mechanical properties of machine components.
Proposal of the Dichotomous STATIS DUAL Method: Software and Application for the Analysis of Dichotomous Data, Applied to the Test of Learning Styles in University Students
Authors: Ballesteros-Espinoza Victoria I. , Rodríguez-Rosa Miguel , Sánchez-García Ana B. , Vicente-Galindo Purificación
Published: November 2021

The present work analyzed a review of methods for analyzing sequences of matrices or dichotomous data. A new method for a sequence of dichotomous matrices with a different number of rows is presented; the Dichotomous STATIS DUAL. Suppose we match the sequence of matrices by different years, with this method. In that case, we can graphically represent the relations among the different columns of all the matrices, and the relations between those columns and the different years, because everything can be represented in the same plots. As in all STATIS methods, three different plots can get: (i) the interstructure, with the relations among the years; (ii) the compromise, with the stable part of the relations between the columns; and (iii) the intrastructure (also known as trajectories), with the relations between columns and years, in other words, the evolution of the columns through the time. This new mathematical method can be used with all kinds of dichotomous data, thanks to the software we propose. In the present work, the software was applied to the assessment of learning styles.
Enhancements in the Bonding Properties of a Friction Stir Lap-Welded Interstitial Free Steel and Al Alloy by Introducing a Ni Interlayer
Authors: Wang Gui-Qiao , Wang Yu-Qian , Duan Rui-Hai , Xie Guang-Ming
Published: November 2021

A pure Ni interlayer with a thickness of 0.1 mm was introduced between high-strength interstitial free steel and Al–Mg–Si alloy, which were friction stir lap welded, producing an excellent welded joint. The interface layer consisted of a γ-Ni solid solution, and the mixed stirring zone contained alternate lamellae of γ-Ni and α-Fe solid solutions. The addition of a Ni interlayer strongly suppressed the reaction between Al and Fe because of the atomic arrangement of Ni. Furthermore, the insertion depth of the stirring pin has a significant influence on the Al/steel interfacial reaction. Under shallow insertion depth, the intermetallic compounds of both FeAl and Fe2Al5 were observed at the interface layer. A maximum tensile-shear fracture load of 4.3 kN was achieved, with fractures being present in the steel substrate far away from the Al/steel weld.
Bariatric Surgery Improves the Atherogenic Profile of Circulating Methylarginines in Obese Patients: Results from a Pilot Study
Authors: Poirier Julie , Cloteau Chloé , Aguesse Audrey , Billot Xavier , Thévenot Etienne , Krempf Michel , Valéro René , Maraninchi Marie , Croyal Mikaël
Published: November 2021

Bariatric surgery improves obesity-related comorbidities. Methylarginines are biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk, liver steatosis, and insulin resistance. Here, we aimed to investigate methylarginines in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and compared them to age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Thirty-one obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery and 31 healthy individuals were used for this retrospective study. The basal serum methylarginine levels were determined in the healthy individuals and the obese patients, before surgery and 6 and 12 months after surgery, by mass spectrometry. Compared with the healthy individuals, the obese patients displayed elevated monomethylarginine (mean change: +95%, p < 0.001), asymmetric-dimethylarginine (+105%, p < 0.001), symmetric-dimethylarginine (+25%, p = 0.003), and dimethylguanidino valerate (+32%, p = 0.008) concentrations. Bariatric surgery durably reduced the body mass index by 28% (12 months, 95%CI: 24–33, p = 0.002) and improved plasma lipids, insulin resistance, and liver function. Bariatric surgery reduced the serum levels of monomethylarginine and asymmetric-dimethylarginine by 12% (95%CI: 6–17) and 36% (95%CI: 27–45) (12 months, p = 0.003), respectively, but not symmetric-dimethylarginine or dimethylguanidino valerate. The monomethylarginine and asymmetric-dimethylarginine concentrations were strongly correlated with markers of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and a fatty liver. Serum dimethylguanidino valerate was primarily correlated with glycemia and renal function, whereas serum symmetric-dimethylarginine was almost exclusively associated with renal function. In conclusion, the monomethylarginine and asymmetric-dimethylarginine levels are efficiently decreased by bariatric surgery, leading to a reduced atherogenic profile in obese patients. Methylarginines follow different metabolic patterns, which could help for the stratification of cardiometabolic disorders in obese patients.
Study on the Algorithm of Three-Dimensional Surface Residual Material Height of Nano-ZrO2 Ceramics under Ultra-Precision Grinding
Authors: Yan Yanyan , Zhang Zhaoqing , Liu Junli , Yan Haozhe , Wang Xiaoxu
Published: November 2021

A large number of studies have shown that the height of a residual material is the key factor affecting the surface quality of ultra-precision grinding. However, the grinding process contains several random factors, such as the randomness of grinding particle size and the random distribution of grinding particles, which cause the complexity of the material removal process. In this study, taking the Nano-ZrO2 as an example, the removal process of surface materials in ultra-precision grinding of hard and brittle materials was analyzed by probability. A new calculation method for the height of surface residual materials in ultra-precision grinding of Nano-ZrO2 was proposed, and the prediction model of the three-dimensional roughness Sa and Sq were established by using this calculation method. The simulation and experimental results show that this calculation method can obtain the more accurate surface residual material height value which accords with the characteristics of three-dimensional roughness sampling, which provides a theoretical reference for the analysis of the material removal process and the surface quality evaluation of ultra-precision grinding of hard and brittle materials.
In Silico/In Vitro Strategies Leading to the Discovery of New Nonribosomal Peptide and Polyketide Antibiotics Active against Human Pathogens
Authors: Khabthani Sami , Rolain Jean-Marc , Merhej Vicky
Published: November 2021

Antibiotics are majorly important molecules for human health. Following the golden age of antibiotic discovery, a period of decline ensued, characterised by the rediscovery of the same molecules. At the same time, new culture techniques and high-throughput sequencing enabled the discovery of new microorganisms that represent a potential source of interesting new antimicrobial substances to explore. The aim of this review is to present recently discovered nonribosomal peptide (NRP) and polyketide (PK) molecules with antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. We highlight the different in silico/in vitro strategies and approaches that led to their discovery. As a result of technological progress and a better understanding of the NRP and PK synthesis mechanisms, these new antibiotic compounds provide an additional option in human medical treatment and a potential way out of the impasse of antibiotic resistance.
Reaction of Microorganisms to Long-Term Waste Reclamation of Soil Degraded by the Sulfur Mining Industry
Authors: Joniec Jolanta , Żukowska Grażyna , Bik-Małodzińska Marta , Kwiatkowska Edyta , Rojek Kamila
Published: November 2021

The research was carried out to assess soil condition many years after waste introduction for reclamation purposes. The parameters of the activity of soil microorganisms responsible for the revitalization processes in degraded soils were used in the research. Soil material was derived from the area of the former sulfur mine. The results showed that even a single waste introduction to degraded soil caused long-lasting effects in the activity of soil microorganisms. The most favorable changes were caused by the addition of sewage sludge and the use of mineral wool in the form of a pad. The application of lime alone turned out to be the least beneficial for the revitalization processes, i.e., restoring the homeostasis of biological life in degraded soil. This research is a continuation of study that concerned the initial recultivation period. The obtained research results show the need for monitoring soils reclaimed with waste, not only in the initial period but also in the following years. These results allow evaluation of the usefulness of the parameters of soil microbial activity in monitoring soil environments subjected to strong human pressure. The results can be used to assess the risks associated with the introduction of waste into the environment.
Quantum Chemical and Experimental Studies of an Unprecedented Reaction Pathway of Nucleophilic Substitution of 2-Bromomethyl-1,3-thiaselenole with 1,3-Benzothiazole-2-thiol Proceeding Stepwise at Three Different Centers of Seleniranium Intermediates
Authors: Amosova Svetlana V. , Shagun Vladimir A. , Makhaeva Nataliya A. , Novokshonova Irina A. , Potapov Vladimir A.
Published: November 2021

The results of quantum chemical and experimental studies of the reaction of 2-bromomethyl-1,3-thiaselenole with 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol made it possible to discover the unprecedented pathway of this reaction, which proceeds stepwise at three different centers of seleniranium intermediates. The first stage includes an attack of thiolate anion at the selenium atom of the seleniranium cation accompanied by ring opening with the formation of (Z)-2-[(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)selanyl]ethenyl vinyl sulfide, which is converted to six-membered heterocycle, 2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiaselenin-2-ylsulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole, in a 99% yield. The latter compound undergoes rearrangement with ring contraction producing five-membered heterocycle, 2-[(1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl)sulfanyl]-1,3-benzothiazole, in a 99% yield (the thermodynamic product). The formation of 1,2-bis[(Z)-2-(vinylsulfanyl)ethenyl] diselenide is the result of the disproportionation of (Z)-2-[(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)selanyl]ethenyl vinyl sulfide. Thus, based on the quantum chemical and experimental studies, a regioselective synthesis of the reaction products in high yields was developed.
Superwicking Functionality of Femtosecond Laser Textured Aluminum at High Temperatures
Authors: Fang Ranran , Zhang Xianhang , Zheng Jiangen , Pan Zhonglin , Yang Chen , Deng Lianrui , Li Rui , Lai Chunhong , Yan Wensheng , Maisotsenko Valeriy S. , Vorobyev Anatoliy Y.
Published: November 2021

An advanced superwicking aluminum material based on a microgroove surface structure textured with both laser-induced periodic surface structures and fine microholes was produced by direct femtosecond laser nano/microstructuring technology. The created material demonstrates excellent wicking performance in a temperature range of 23 to 120 °C. The experiments on wicking dynamics show a record-high velocity of water spreading that achieves about 450 mm/s at 23 °C and 320 mm/s at 120 °C when the spreading water undergoes intensive boiling. The lifetime of classic Washburn capillary flow dynamics shortens as the temperature increases up to 80 °C. The effects of evaporation and boiling on water spreading become significant above 80 °C, resulting in vanishing of Washburn’s dynamics. Both the inertial and visco-inertial flow regimes are insignificantly affected by evaporation at temperatures below the boiling point of water. The boiling effect on the inertial regime is small at 120 °C; however, its effect on the visco-inertial regime is essential. The created material with effective wicking performance under water boiling conditions can find applications in Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) high-temperature heat/mass exchangers for enhancing power generation efficiency that is an important factor in reducing CO2 emissions and mitigation of the global climate change.
KDP, a Lactobacilli Product from Kimchi, Enhances Mucosal Immunity by Increasing Secretory IgA in Mice and Exhibits Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Ghoneum Mamdooh , Abdulmalek Shaymaa
Published: November 2021

The potential of KDP, a lactic acid bacterial strain of Lactobacillus sakei, to enhance the production of mucosal specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) in mice and thereby enhance gut mucosal immunity was examined. KDP is composed of dead cells isolated from the Korean traditional food kimchi. Female BALB/c mice orally received 0.25 mg KDP once daily for 5 weeks and were co-administrated ovalbumin (OVA) for negative control and cholera toxin for positive control. Mice administered KDP exhibited increased secretory IgA (sIgA) contents in the small intestine, Peyer’s patches, serum, colon, and lungs as examined by ELISA. KDP also significantly increased the gene expression of Bcl-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-21, and STAT4. In addition, KDP acted as a potent antioxidant, as indicated by its significant inhibitory effects in the range of 16.5–59.4% for DPPH, nitric oxide, maximum total antioxidant capacity, and maximum reducing power. Finally, KDP exhibited potent antimicrobial activity as evidenced by a significant decrease in the growth of 7 samples of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. KDP’s adjuvant effect is shown to be comparable to that of cholera toxin. We conclude that KDP can significantly enhance the intestine’s secretory immunity to OVA, as well as act as a potent antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. These results suggest that orally administered KDP should be studied in clinical trials for antigen-specific IgA production.
Dairy Food Intake Is Not Associated with Measures of Bone Microarchitecture in Men and Women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study
Authors: Millar Courtney L. , Kiel Douglas P. , Hannan Marian T. , Sahni Shivani
Published: November 2021

Previous studies reported that dairy foods are associated with higher areal bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults. However, data on bone strength and bone microarchitecture are lacking. We determined the association of dairy food intake (milk, yogurt, cheese, milk + yogurt, and milk + yogurt + cheese, servings/week) with high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) measures of bone (failure load, cortical BMD, cortical thickness, trabecular BMD, and trabecular number). This cross-sectional study included participants with diet from a food frequency questionnaire (in 2005–2008 and/or 1998–2001) and measurements of cortical and trabecular BMD and microarchitecture at the distal tibia and radius (from HR-pQCT in 2012–2015). Sex-specific multivariable linear regression estimated the association of dairy food intake (energy adjusted) with each bone measure adjusting for covariates. Mean age was 64 (SD 8) years and total milk + yogurt + cheese intake was 10.0 (SD 6.6) and 10.6 (6.4) servings/week in men and women, respectively. No significant associations were observed for any of the dairy foods and bone microarchitecture measures except for cheese intake, which was inversely associated with cortical BMD at the radius (p = 0.001) and tibia (p = 0.002) in women alone. In this cohort of primarily healthy older men and women, dairy intake was not associated with bone microarchitecture. The findings related to cheese intake and bone microarchitecture in women warrant further investigation.
Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens in American Bison (Bison bison) at El Uno Ecological Reserve, Janos, Chihuahua, Mexico
Authors: Beristain-Ruiz Diana M. , Vital-García Cuauhcihuatl , Figueroa-Millán Julio V. , Lira-Amaya José J. , Garza-Hernández Javier A. , Sánchez-Ayala Juan R. , Flores-Ceballos Samuel , Rodríguez-Alarcón Carlos A. , Olivas-Sánchez Martha P. , Pons-Monarrez Gabriel
Published: November 2021

American bison (Bison bison) is listed as near-threatened and in danger of extinction in Mexico. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of several emerging pathogens at the Janos Biosphere Reserve (JBR), inhabited by one wild herd of American bison. Blood samples were collected from 26 American bison in the JBR. We tested for the presence of Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and Rickettsia rickettsii DNA using nested and semi-nested PCR protocols performing duplicates in two different laboratories. Results showed three animals (11.5%) positive for B. burgdorferi s. l., three more (11.5%) for Rickettsia rickettsii, and four (19.2%) for B. bovis. Two individuals were co-infected with B. burgdorferi s. l. and B. bovis. We found no animals positive for A. marginale and B. bigemina. This is the first report in America of R. rickettsii in American bison. American bison has been described as an important reservoir for pathogens of zoonotic and veterinary importance; thus, the presence of tick-borne pathogen DNA in the JBR American bison indicates the importance of continuous wildlife health surveys.
Enhanced Supersaturation via Fusion-Assisted Amorphization during FDM 3D Printing of Crystalline Poorly Soluble Drug Loaded Filaments
Authors: Buyukgoz Guluzar Gorkem , Kossor Christopher Gordon , Davé Rajesh N.
Published: November 2021

Filaments loaded with griseofulvin (GF), a model poorly water-soluble drug, were prepared and used for 3D printing via fused deposition modeling (FDM). GF was selected due to its high melting temperature, enabling lower temperature hot-melt extrusion (HME) keeping GF largely crystalline in the filaments, which could help mitigate the disadvantages of high HME processing temperatures such as filament quality, important for printability and the adverse effects of GF recrystallization on tablet properties. Novel aspects include single-step fusion-assisted ASDs generation during FDM 3D printing and examining the impact of tablet surface areas (SA) through printing multi-mini and square-pattern perforated tablets to further enhance drug supersaturation during dissolution. Kollicoat protect and hydroxypropyl cellulose were selected due to their low miscibility with GF, necessary to produce crystalline filaments. The drug solid-state was assessed via XRPD, DSC and FT-IR. At 165 °C HME processing temperature, the filaments containing ~80% crystalline GF were printable. Fusion-assisted 3D printing led to GF supersaturation of ~153% for cylindrical tablets and ~293% with the square-pattern perforated tablets, indicating strong monotonous impact of tablet SA. Dissolution kinetics of drug release profiles indicated Fickian transport for tablets with higher SA, demonstrating greater SA-induced drug supersaturation for well-designed 3D printed tablets.
New Antifungal Compound: Impact of Cosolvency, Micellization and Complexation on Solubility and Permeability Processes
Authors: Volkova Tatyana V. , Simonova Olga R. , Perlovich German L.
Published: November 2021

Poor solubility of new antifungal of 1,2,4-triazole class (S-119)—a structural analogue of fluconazole in aqueous media was estimated. The solubility improvement using different excipients: biopolymers (PEGs, PVP), surfactants (Brij S20, pluronic F-127) and cyclodextrins (α-CD, β-CD, 2-HP-β-CD, 6-O-Maltosyl-β-CD) was assessed in buffer solutions pH 2.0 and pH 7.4. Additionally, 2-HP-β-CD and 6-O-Maltosyl-β-CD were proposed as promising solubilizers for S-119. According to the solubilization capacity and micelle/water partition coefficients in buffer pH 7.4 pluronic F-127 was shown to improve S-119 solubility better than Brij S20. Among biopolymers, the greatest increase in solubility was shown in PVP solutions (pH 7.4) at concentrations above 4 w/v%. Complex analysis of the driving forces of solubilization, micellization and complexation processes matched the solubility results and suggested pluronic F-127 and 6-O-Maltosyl-β-CD as the most effective solubilizing agents for S-119. The comparison of S-119 diffusion through the cellulose membrane and lipophilic PermeaPad barrier revealed a considerable effect of the lipid layer on the decrease in the permeability coefficient. According to the PermeaPad, S-119 was classified as a highly permeated substance. The addition of 1.5 w/v% CDs in donor solution moves it to low-medium permeability class.
Medication Utilisation Program, Quality Improvement and Research Pharmacist—Implementation Strategies and Preliminary Findings
Authors: Whitfield Karen , Coombes Ian , Denaro Charles , Donovan Peter
Published: November 2021

Judicious use of medicines that considers evidence-based practice, together with cost-effectiveness, is a priority for all health care organisations. We describe an initiative to lead a Medication Utilisation Program, incorporating medication quality improvement and research activities. In August 2020 an advanced pharmacist position was implemented to lead the Program. The purpose was to provide oversight and facilitate initiatives promoting medication optimisation to create sustainable change in practice. A strategic plan was developed with key performance indicators. A governance structure was implemented with relevant reporting mechanisms. Strategic planning and collaboration with medical, nursing and allied health professionals has seen the successful implementation of seven codesigned medication-use evaluations and eight quality improvement projects centred around patient safety, quality and value-based care. Several research studies have been designed with subsequent commencement of pharmacists enrolled in university Research Higher Degree programs. Cost containment initiatives have realised potential savings approximating AUD 250,000. Educational programs included protocol design, ethics approvals and report writing. Key success criteria for a Medication Utilisation Program include dedicated pharmacist resources, structured governance and reporting mechanisms. Alignment of study complexity with staff experience and interdisciplinary collaboration are also critical.
Renaissance of “Photoredox Catalysis” for Organic Molecules
Authors: Yoshimi Yasuharu
Published: November 2021

The concept of “Photoredox Catalysis” for organic molecules was reported by Sakurai and Pac in 1977 [...]
Thermal Niche for Seed Germination and Species Distribution Modelling of Swietenia macrophylla King (Mahogany) under Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Sampayo-Maldonado Salvador , Ordoñez-Salanueva Cesar A. , Mattana Efisio , Way Michael , Castillo-Lorenzo Elena , Dávila-Aranda Patricia D. , Lira-Saade Rafael , Téllez-Valdés Oswaldo , Rodriguez-Arevalo Norma I. , Ulian Tiziana , Flores-Ortíz Cesar M.
Published: November 2021

Swietenia macrophylla is an economically important tree species propagated by seeds that lose their viability in a short time, making seed germination a key stage for the species recruitment. The objective of this study was to determine the cardinal temperatures and thermal time for seed germination of S. macrophylla; and its potential distribution under different climate change scenarios. Seeds were placed in germination chambers at constant temperatures from 5 to 45 °C and their thermal responses modelled using a thermal time approach. In addition, the potential biogeographic distribution was projected according to the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4). Germination rate reached its maximum at 37.3 ± 1.3 °C (To); seed germination decreased to near zero at 52.7 ± 2.2 °C (ceiling temperature, Tc) and at 12.8 ± 2.4 °C (base temperature, Tb). The suboptimal thermal time θ150 needed for 50% germination was ca. 190 °Cd, which in the current scenario is accumulated in 20 days. The CCSM4 model estimates an increase of the potential distribution of the species of 12.3 to 18.3% compared to the current scenario. The temperature had an important effect on the physiological processes of the seeds. With the increase in temperature, the thermal needs for germination are completed in less time, so the species will not be affected in its distribution. Although the distribution of the species may not be affected, it is crucial to generate sustainable management strategies to ensure its long-term conservation.
Isoniazid—Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles: Taguchi Optimization Method
Authors: Tazhbayev Yerkeblan , Galiyeva Aldana , Zhumagaliyeva Tolkyn , Burkeyev Meiram , Karimova Bakhytgul
Published: November 2021

Tuberculosis is one of the dangerous infectious diseases, killing over a million people worldwide each year. The search for new dosage forms for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis is an actual task. Biocompatible polymer nanoparticles, in particular bovine serum albumin (BSA), are promising drug carriers. Nanoparticle (NP) parameters such as diameter, polydispersity, bioactive substance loading, and NP yield are very important when it comes to drug transport through the bloodstream. The most well-known and widely used first-line anti-tuberculosis drug, isoniazid (INH), is being used as a drug. BSA-INH NPs were obtained by an ethanol desolvation of an aqueous protein solution in the drug presence. The peculiarity of the method is that natural components, namely urea and cysteine, are used for the stabilization of BSA-INH NPs after desolvation. The characteristics of the obtained BSA-INH NPs are significantly affected by the concentration of protein, isoniazid, urea, and cysteine in the solution. The aim of the present study is to investigate the concentration effect of the system reacting components on the parameters of the NPs that are obtained. We have chosen the concentrations of four reacting components, i.e., BSA, isoniazid, urea, and cysteine, as controlling factors and applied the Taguchi method to analyze which concentration of each component has an important effect on BSA-INH NPs characteristics.