bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A STUDY ON CYBER CHILD PORNOGRAPHY
Authors: Dr. MURUGAN RAMU Mrs.NIRANJANA. K,
Published: February 2021

This article details about cyber child Pornography, Pornography is not only an emerging issue in India but also over all the worlds. A worst and adverse effect of the technology can be seen in this era. The word pornography is defined as “writing, photographs, movies etc. intended to arouse sexual excitement.” The objectives of the research paper: to study about pornography and its adverse impact on society and to critically analyze whether pornography is violence in media with reference to legal issues and challenges on pornography in India. The research has used empirical methodology, it has been proceeded with a method of random sampling. The article has also dealt with various issues and challenges of cyber child pornography in India. One third of the internet is covered by porn-sites which are leading to exploitation oppression of women and children. While nobody will take into account himself or herself proof against the corrupting effects of creation and violence or safe from injury at the hands of these acting underneath their influence, the young and therefore the immature ar particularly vulnerable and therefore the presumably to be victimized. Through this article researcher highlights about pornography, and the public opinion about cyber child pornography and the existing laws to prevent. Findings and conclusion Researcher emphasizes through this article the adverse impact of it on society, children and women and recommended strong control of law over it because there is a increasing rate of children in pornography and media been used a forum to expand. So, there must be stringent to combat cyber child pornography.
A Review on Internet of Things (IoT): Security Challenges, Issuesand the Countermeasures approaches
Authors: Mr. Mohemed Ashik M Dr. B. Sundaravadivazhagan, Dr. B. Subashini,
Published: February 2021

In the present scenario, Internet of Things is playing vital role in the next era of communication. The IOT applications like smart cities, smart houses, smart livestock, smart health care, smart climate etc.It can be lead to many security challenges and issues. The aim of this survey focus on the main objective of the security challenges and issues in the data privacy, security, confidentiality, integrity, availability, access control, encryption, default password, malware and ransom, botnet, phishing, cloud, routing and trust management and discussed recovery from mention security defies. This study has detailed review of IoT layered design, each of these layers having lot of security challenges such as threats, vulnerabilities and attacks. Understanding these challenges and associated countermeasures mechanism with the help of the secure routing.
Plea Bargaining – Procedure with Victimology Approach : An Analysis
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Dr. A.
Published: February 2021

Plea Bargaining – Procedure with Victimology Approach : An Analysis
A STUDY ON TREND AND GROWTH OF GRAPE IN TAMIL NADU
Authors: ANGAMUTHU Dr. R.
Published: February 2021

In this paper analysis Area, Production and Productivity of Grape in Tamil Nadu during the year from 2008-09 to 2017-18.Grape cultivation is believed to have originated in Armenia near the Caspian Sea in Russia, from where it spread westward to Europe and eastward to Iran and Afghanistan.  The estimated total world production for grapes in 2018 was 79,125,982 metric tons up by 6.5 per cent from 74,276,583 tons in 2017.  China was the largest producer of grapes, accounting for 16.9 per cent of global production.  Italy came second at 10.8 per cent, followed by the United States at 8.7 per cent.  In Tamil Nadu level, the productivity in the beginning year was 29.80 million tons and 27.27 million tons in the end year, however during middle of the period the productivity was zigzag movement respectively.  The rate of decline in compounded term (CAGR = -2.81, t = -3.75, P = < 0.05) is marginally significant at 5 per cent level.  The rate of decline production & productivity in compounded term (CAGR = -6.18, t = -2.00, P = < 0.01) and (CAGR = -3.74, t = -1.11, P = 0.01) are marginally significant at 1 per cent level.  It is found that production and productivity are ups and down movement throughout the period.
THE CONCEPT OF INSTITUTIONAL ARBITRATION – NEED FOR THE HOUR
Authors: Ms. Charu Shahi Dr. Sachin Rastogi,
Published: February 2021

The Indian lawmakers have an agenda to promote India as an Arbitration hub for solving disputes, thus, they brought about certain changes to the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 by way of an amendment namely, the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2015 (“2015 Amendments”) which aimed at achieving this goal by facilitating speedy and efficacious resolution of disputes through arbitration. It is widely accepted that India prefers ad hoc arbitration over institutional arbitration. Though various arbitral institutions have been set up in India, especially in the last five years, ad hoc arbitration continues to be the preferred mode of arbitration. Moreover, a large number of international arbitrations involving Indian parties are seated abroad and administered by foreign arbitral institutions. In order to promote institutional arbitration in India, it is imperative that: (a) Indian parties involved in domestic and international arbitrations are encouraged to shift to institutionally administered arbitrations rather than resort to ad hoc arbitrations; and (b) India becomes a favored seat of arbitration for international arbitrations, at the very least in matters involving Indian parties. With this background, this paper delineates certain issues that exist in the Institutional Arbitration in India and identifies areas for reform in the Indian arbitration, to strengthen the existing arbitration mechanisms, and also to put forward focus areas for promoting institutional arbitration in India.
FACTORS DETERMINING BRAND RESONANCE OF APPLE IPHONE
Authors: Dr. M. Kavitha V. Anupriya, Dr. G. S. Maheswari,
Published: February 2021

Building brand resonance in a competitive market can play an active role in the modern marketing arena. It is now widely acknowledged by companies and business enterprises that strong brand resonance will create a competitive advantage in the marketplace that will enhance their overall reputation and credibility.Brand  resonance  depends  on  a  systematic  understanding  of  the  company’s  consumers,  competitors,  and marketing environment.  Brand resonance is based  on appropriate identity  that needs to  reflect the marketing strategy and the firm’s willingness to invest in the programs needed for the brand to live up to its promise as well as commitment to consumers. Strong brands take pleasure in consumer loyalty, the possibility to charge premium prices, and extensive brand power to hold up  new product  and service  launches.  Companies and business enterprises need to have careful as well as systematic understanding of consumer beliefs, behaviors, product or service characteristics as well as attributes and rivals.The continuous technological innovation creates a competitive scenario where brand loyalty is nullified with the uninterrupted inflow of competitive product varieties and models and the brand resonance effect in terms of relationship that a consumer has with the product and the extent to which consumers feel that they are in „sync‟ with the brand gets alleviated. Brand resonance refers to the nature of heightened brand-centric relationships and is characterized by intense psychological attachment with a brand as well as active, volitional behavior directed toward the brand's benefit.Mobile Users are very interested and eager to purchase Applei phone. This research is analysed the customer perception towards applei phone.
Orígenes y expresiones de la religiosidad en México. Cultos cristológicos, veneraciones marianas y heterodoxia devocional
Authors: Salazar Guadalupe
Published: February 2021

María Teresa Jarquín Ortega y Gerardo González Reyes (coords.), Orígenes y expresiones de la religiosidad en México. Cultos cristológicos, veneraciones marianas y heterodoxia devocional, Estado de México, El Colegio Mexiquense, 2020, 382 pp., ISBN: 978-607-8509-59-1.
Nous, on se sauve nous-mêmes. Sécularisation, identité paysanne et écologie
Authors: Martínez Andrade Luis
Published: February 2021

Mathieu Gervais, Nous, on se sauve nous-mêmes. Sécularisation, identité paysanne et écologie, Van Dieren éditeur, Paris, 2020, 361 pp.
Dyakonov plasmon-polaritones along a hyperbolic metamaterial surface
Authors:   Saratov National Research State University named N.G. Chernyshevsky, Davidovich M.V. ,   LLC Research Production Firm "ETNA PLUS"
Published: February 2021

We consider dissipative Dyakonov plasmon-polaritons as surface waves propagating along the plane boundary of a hyperbolic metamaterial with an arbitrary orientation of the crystallographic axis. Conditions for the existence of fast, slow, gliding flowing, forward and backward plasmon-polaritons are found. A waveguide in the form of an asymmetric layer of a hyperbolic metamaterial is also considered. An expression for the density of electromagnetic energy in such a metamaterial is given.
Splitting of resonances in a curved optical fiber-based Fabry-Perot resonator
Authors:   IACP FEB RAS, Dyshlyuk A.V. ,   Far Eastern Federal University,   Vladivostok State University of Economics and Services, Eryusheva U.A. ,   IACP FEB RAS, Vitirk O.B. ,   IACP FEB RAS,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: February 2021

In this work, the splitting of resonance lines in a Fabry-Perot resonator formed by a section of a standard curved single-mode fiber with metal-coated ends is investigated numerically and experimentally. It is shown that this splitting is similar to the Autler-Townes splitting and results from a strong coupling between the fundamental mode of the core and the whispering gallery mode of the cladding of the curved fiber. The influence of all basic parameters of the curved resonator on the splitting of its resonance lines in the reflection and transmission spectra is considered. Prospects for the practical application of the effects studied for high-resolution optical refractometry, as well as the direction of further research are outlined.
Chest X-ray image classification for viral pneumonia and Сovid-19 using neural networks
Authors:   Independent researcher, Efremtsev V.G. , Efremtsev N.G. ,   Independent researcher, Teterin E.P. ,   Kovrov State Technological Academy named after V.A.Degtyarev, Teterin P.E. ,   Kovrov State Technological Academy named after V.A.Degtyarev, Bazavluk E.S. ,   Independent researcher
Published: February 2021

The use of neural networks to detect differences in radiographic images of patients with pneu-monia and COVID-19 is demonstrated. For the optimal selection of resize and neural network ar-chitecture parameters, hyperparameters, and adaptive image brightness adjustment, precision, recall, and f1-score metrics are used. The high values of these metrics of classification quality (> 0.91) strongly indicate a reliable difference between radiographic images of patients with pneumonia and patients with COVID-19, which opens up the possibility of creating a model with good predictive ability without involving ready-to-use complex models and without pre-training on third-party data, which is promising for the development of sensitive and reliable COVID-19 express-diagnostic methods.
Algorithm for post-processing of tomography images to calculate the dimension-geometric features of porous structures
Authors:   FSRC ", Chukalina M.V. ,   Crystallography and Photonics",   RAS,   Smart Engines LLC, Khafizov A.V. ,   FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Kokhan V.V. ,   Smart Engines LLC,   Institute for Information Transmission Problems RAS, Buzmakov A.V. ,   FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS,   Smart Engines LLC, Senin R.A. ,   NRC Kurchatov Institute, Uvarov V.I. ,   Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science RAS, Grigoriev M.V. ,   Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High-Purity Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2021

An algorithm for post-processing of the grayscale 3D computed tomography (CT) images of porous structures with the automatic selection of filtering parameters is proposed. The determination of parameters is carried out on a representative part of the image under analysis. A criterion for the search for optimal filtering parameters based on the count of "levitating stone" voxels is described. The stages of CT image filtering and its binarization are performed sequentially. Bilateral and anisotropic diffuse filtering is implemented; the Otsu method for unbalanced classes is chosen for binarization. Verification of the proposed algorithm was carried out on model data. To create model porous structures, we used our image generator, which implements the function of anisotropic porous structures generation. Results of the post-processing of real CT images containing noise and reconstruction artifacts by the proposed method are discussed.
Supporting quadric method for collimated beams
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Mingazov A.A. , Doskolovich L.L. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS; Samara National Research University,   Samara National Research University, Bykov D.A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: February 2021

We consider the problem of calculating a refractive element with two surfaces, forming a flat front and a given distribution of illumination. The supporting quadrics method is formulated for calculating a given optical element and it is shown that this method coincides with the gradient method for some functional related to the problem of the Monge-Kantorovich mass transfer problem. This enables adaptive selection of the step in the supporting quadric method. At the end of the article a design example is given.
Discrete orthogonal transforms on lattices of integer elements of quadratic fields
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Chernov V.M. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we introduce a new class of discrete orthogonal transforms (DОT) defined on lattices of integer elements of quadratic fields. The method of synthesis of such transforms essentially uses the specifics of the representation of integer quadratic elements in the so-called quasi-canonical number systems. This article, which presents the results of the first part of the author's research, deals exclusively with problems related to binary number systems in quadratic fields. We also consider the issues of synthesis of fast algorithms of the introduced and the possibility of their application to the analysis of fractal (or self-similar) objects. We also consider the issues of synthesis of fast algorithms of the introduced methods and the possibility of their application for the analysis of fractal (or self-similar) objects.
Therapeutic Potential of Rubber Latex: A Review
Authors: Ramarao Malini Devi Raman , Thong Ong Ming , Elumalai Sunderasan
Published: February 2021

Exploration of the constituents of rubber for medicinal application is very limited due to the concern of allergenicity. However, the recent discovery of the ability of latex sera to exert specific antiproliferative activity against cancer-origin cell lines has paved a light of utilising rubber latex as therapeutics. Rubber latex and its seed oil show many potentials in various biological activities such as antifungal, antioxidant, anti-melanogenesis as well as a biomaterial in relation to angiogenesis. This review describes the current scientifically reported progress on the potential use of rubber in the field of medical research plus positive side concerning latex allergenicity.
An Analytical Approach on Enzymatic Degradation of Biochemical Components by Isolated Food Contaminant Pathogens from Sugarcane Juice of Street Salesman
Authors: Chowdhury A.P. , Das A. , Singh R.R. , Goswami H. , Bhuyan M.P.
Published: February 2021

Background: Sugarcane is an important agro-industrial crop as a worldwide manufacturing plant. Scientifically it is the so-called Saccharum officinarum. Sugarcane juice is dark brown golden in color with medium flavor intensity contains caramel, butterscotch and green flavor and sucrose hydrolyzed to an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose providing instant energy transported by fluid thermodynamics. The expected research based on a new implementation of harmful pathogens against roadside sellers of sugarcane juices. The work is currently reviewed and renewed for automated analysis techniques with verified street juice samples at Guwahati city in Assam. Following spring to summer seasons, the favorite juice to people of all ages in India is supposed to health-threatening for public health concerns. Respective doctors and Practitioner carry out their treatment against this pathogen along with antibiotic supplements unknowingly the etiological source about UTI or GI tract infections. Methods: Here researchers finding (Chowdhury et al., 2019) are to analyze and categorize the biochemical fermentation activities of pathogens with significant enzyme degrading analyzed from sugarcane juice against gut acting probiotics, responsible for food toxicity and intestinal disorder. Diagnostic microbial activities in well diffusion studies are followed by automated analysis for significant provoking of health status. Result: Epidemiological studies were concerned to identify risk factors through the comparison of incidence and prevalence between groups exposed and not exposed to risk factors. Probabilities of disease occurrence can be compared using measures of strength of association or potential impact. The studies are compared with the graph and its data implementations to find out the significant level for beneficial sources.
Developing a Low-fat Drinking Yoghurt by Incorporating Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extract as a Functional Ingredient
Authors: Ranasinghe R.A.A.S. , Edirisinghe M.P. , Nayananjalie W.A.D.
Published: February 2021

Background: Nowadays people are health-concerned and consume more of functional foods. Thus, this study is focused on developing a drinking yoghurt incorporated with green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract as a functional ingredient. Methods: Green tea extract (GTE) was obtained by brewing 02 g of dried green tea leaves in 100 mL of water at 90°C for 30 minutes. Drinking yoghurts were prepared with standardized sterilized milk incorporated with 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% (v/v) of GTE. Physio-chemical, microbial and sensory analysis were conducted to evaluate the quality attributes of the developed product. It was stored under refrigerated conditions (4°C) for 15 days. Result: Sensory data showed that 25% green tea extract incorporated drinking yoghurt had the best organoleptic properties. It had the significantly (p less than 0.05) highest ash and lowest fat contents compared to the control. Significantly (p less than 0.05) higher pH and lower titratable acidity values were observed in 25% green tea extract incorporated yoghurt compared to the control on 15th day of storage. The microbial analysis did not show the presence of coliform. In conclusion, yoghurt incorporated with 25% (v/v) green tea extract has better organoleptic properties and nutritional value while it can be stored under refrigerated conditions for 15 days without any quality deterioration while producing at affordable price.
Overexpression of hemA and hemL in Bacillus subtilis Promotes Overexpression of 5-aminolevulinic Acid
Authors: Liu Jinni , Ye Zhaowei , Wu Haigang , Liu Jicheng , Gong Yuesheng
Published: February 2021

Bacillus subtilis strains were constructed that overexpressed the glutamyl t-RNA reductase (HemA) and glutamyl t-RNA synthase (HemL). The target proteins accounted for 11 and 13% of the total soluble protein in maltose induced extracts, respectively. The culture media from these strains was red with wavelength maxima near 400 nm indicating elevated levels of porphyrins. The 5-aminolevulinic acid content for these strains reached 42.57 and 39.78 mg/L after 24 h of induced growth and 65.23 and 68.45 mg/L, respectively, after 60 h. Therefore, hemA and hemL overexpression enhanced the biosynthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid and these strains can be used for its purification.
Epidemiological Molecular Study of Combined Severe Immune Deficiency in Arabian Horses in Tunisia
Authors: Bensouf Ikram , Ahmed Hatem Ouled , Malek Atef , Torjemane Sarra , Lasfar Faten , Benaoun Belgacem , Trimeche Abdesselem
Published: February 2021

Background: Severe Combined Immuno Deficiency (SCID) is a heritable deficiency transmitted through autosomal recessive gene, carried on by purebred Arabian and crossbred horses. A deletion of five base pairs at the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the Protein Kinase DNA-dependent (DNA-PKcs) is responsible for this disease and SCID-affected animals always die in the first six months of life. Considering this problem, it is important to perform a molecular epidemiological study to estimate the frequency of the SCID allele in Arabian purebred horses in Tunisia. Methods: The DNA of the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 164 purebred Arabian horses belonging to the Sidi Thabet stud was extracted by the spin-column method, in order to verify the quality of the DNAs used, the samples were dosed by a spectrophotometer. The amplification of the DNA was carried out by two specific primers in a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to flank the deletion zone of the DNA sample by adding to each PCR sample a marker or a standard of size knowing that the fragment we wanted to amplify is composed of 163 base pairs. Then, the PCR products were sequenced using an automatic sequencer. Result: By analyzing the electropherograms results, we noted the absence of the SCID deletion in the studied group of Arab purebreds. Hence, it is essential to carry out molecular screening of the SCID deletion in other sites in order to determine its prevalence in the country’s purebred Arabian horse population.
Effect of Beta-casomorphin-7 on Renal Function and Immunity in Aging Mice
Authors: Yin Hong , Chen Fangpeng , Su Xiaqing , Wang Jingyi , Xu Yan , Cai Huizhen
Published: February 2021

Background: Most studies have shown that Beta-Casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) has many physiological functions, this study aims to investigate the effects of BCM-7 on renal function and immunity in naturally aging mice and to reveal the effects of BCM-7 on health and provide more theoretical reference for inflammatory aging. Methods: All mice were weighed weekly and the organ indexes were calculated, Paraffin sections were prepared for kidney histopathological examination with conventional Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining, renal function indexes and cytokines were main measured by ELISA and biochemical colorimetry. Result: The weight of each group increased during gastric perfusion and the higher the intervention concentration, the lower the weight gain rate. The renal index was not affected by BCM-7, but the spleen index was significantly decreased by medium-dose BCM-7. There were inflammatory cell infiltration and other renal lesions in the aging control group and intervention group. A medium dose of BCM-7 can significantly reduce Cystatin C (Cys-C) content in aging mice, the content of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in aged mice decreased with the increase of BCM-7 intervention dose. BCM-7 and aging caused cytokine imbalance in mice.
Effects of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Density on the Larval Performances of Fresh Water Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)
Authors: Mathew R.T. , Alkhamis Y.A. , Rahman S.M. , Alsaqufi A.S.
Published: February 2021

Background: Microalgae have several potential applications in early stages especially in the hatchery phase of several fish, mollusc and crustacean species. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris at different concentrations on larval performances of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Methods: Freshly hatched larvae were reared until the metamorphosis of first post larval (PL) stage in plastic aquaria (5 liter, 12ppt and 12L:12D) with a density of 10 larvae/liter under five randomly arranged treatment groups in 3 replicates such as, 0×105 (T1, control) and four different concentrations of C. vulgaris 5×105 (T2), 10×105 (T3), 15×105 (T4) and 20×105 (T5) cells/ml. Larvae were fed Artemia (6 nauplii/ml) six times daily. Result: The results revealed that the addition of microalgae in rearing system significantly enhanced (P less than 0.05) the larval survival and developments than without microalgae. The highest larval survival and faster appearance of PL (in days) was observed in T3 group (60.83%, 24.67 days) followed by T4 (56.91%, 28.33 days) T2 (48.39%, 31.33 days) T5 (40.93%, 32.33 days) and T1 (30.65%, 39 days), respectively. Larvae reared at moderate concentrations of microalgae (T3 and T4) resulted in high dry weight that of extreme low (T2) or high (T5) concentrations of microalgae. This study identified the best concentration of Chlorella vulgaris for the rearing of M. rosenbergii larval and could be applicable for the mass larval production of this species commercially.
Macro and Micro anatomical study of Harderian Gland of Duck and Fowl
Authors: Rajkhowa Jiten , Sarma Kabita , Deka Anil , Sinha Snehangsu
Published: February 2021

In the present investigation, 6 numbers of each apparently healthy adult Pati duck and local fowl of Assam were utilized for detailed gross, histomorphological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies. The Harderian gland in the Patiducks and Fowl were located in the medioventral region of the orbital cavity attached along with the eye ball. The gland was not having any grossly demercablelobulation but still there was dorsally slightly narrow part whereas the ventral part was somewhat more wider. In duck, from the capsule, thin connective tissue septa penetrated into the gland and divided parenchyma it into lobes and lobules which were unequal and polygonal in shape. Each lobule contained a central lumen. From the capsule and septa thin streaks of interstitial connective tissue penetrated between the acini and tubules. The columnar epithelial cells lining the acini showed considerable variation in height depending on their functional state. The nerve fibers were also extending from the capsule inside the parenchyma along with the other connective tissue fibers. Harderian gland of Fowl was also covered with a thin connective tissue capsule and consisted of coarse collagen, fine reticular and elastic fibers, blood vessels, and nerve fibers, which were penetrating the parenchyma very frequently by forming septa and trabeculae. The glands were to be of multilobulartubulo-alveolar type and emptied into a wide lumen which was lined by columnar epithelial cells. The histochemical sections were found positive for PAS Alcian blue. The reaction for acid phosphates and alkaline phosphatase were also moderate to intense in the harderian gland. The scanning electron microphotograph of harderian gland showed the acini, secretory granules and connective tissue fibers in the duck and fowl. The secretions of the gland were accommodated inside the acini and looks like a woollen ball.
Phylogenetic group and serotype of E. coli isolates are important risk factors affecting intensity of colibacillosis in broilers
Authors: Kumar S. , Gupta R. , Jindal N. , Bangar Y.C.
Published: February 2021

The study was conducted on 106 E. coli isolates to determine the phylogenetic group, serotype and carriage of Class 1 integrons in isolates and ascertain their association along with other parameters with vital disease measures in broiler flocks affected with colibacillosis. Out of 32 isolates of which “O” antigen was characterized, serogroup O2 comprising of 12 (37.5%) isolates was most prevalent in the present study. Most of the isolates (85/106; 80.19%) belonged to phylogenetic group B2. Mean apparent morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate (CFR) were 3.77%, 2.32% and 61.49%, respectively. There was significant difference in number of outbreaks reported in different age groups (p less than 0.0001). Also, there was significant association between phylogenetic group and age of outbreak due to E. coli (p=0.024). Comparatively, no significant association was observed between age of outbreaks and serotypes (p=0.980). There was significant association between various disease measures and E. coli isolates affiliated to various phylogenetic groups and serotypes. All the measures (apparent morbidity, mortality and CFR) of disease were highest in outbreaks due to isolates of phylogenetic group B2 and serogroup O20. However, the measures were not significantly affected by the presence of integrons in the E. coli.
Effect of litter and dietary amendments on ammonia concentration, broiler performance and litter quality in winter
Authors: Proch Ankush , Malik Dalpat Singh , Singh Yashpal , Sandhu Kulvinder Singh , Sharma Amit , Sethi A.P.S.
Published: February 2021

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of sodium bisulphate in litter and low protein diet with protease on ammonia concentration, broiler performance and litter quality in winter season (December-January). Two hundred and forty day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups. Control group (Tc) had no dietary and litter amendments and other three included, litter amendment with sodium bisulphate (Ts), dietary amendment with low protein supplemented with protease enzyme (Tp) and both dietary and litter amendment (Tsp). The findings of the study revealed a significant (p £ 0.05) higher ammonia concentration in control group as compared to treatment groups. The average body weight was significantly higher in Ts group followed by Tsp group, Tp and control (Tc) group at 42 days of age. Best FCR was observed in litter amended (Ts) group. Sodium bisulphate decreased the pH and moisture content of the litter in both the treatments where it was used which seems to be the reason for low ammonia concentration, and improved gain in weight, FCR and low mortality. It can be concluded that the addition of sodium bisulphate in litter can significantly reduce the ammonia concentration, and improve growth rate and litter quality in broilers.
In vitro evaluation of effectiveness of synthetic pyrethroids against brown dog tick
Authors: Shyma K.P. , Singh Veer , Gupta Jay Prakash
Published: February 2021

Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick, is one of the most cosmopolitan ixodid ticks of veterinary and public health importance. The domestic dog is the main host of R. sanguineus, but occasionally, can infest a wide range of domestic and wild hosts, including humans. It causes debilitating effects due to blood losses in affected animals and also transmits several pathogens such as Ehrlichia canis, Babesia canis, Haemobartonella canis and Hepatozoon canis. Engorged female R. sanguineus kept for oviposition. Hatched larvae of Rhipicephalus sanguineus were subjected to larval packet test (LPT) to know its efficacy against deltamethrin and cypermethrin. The LC50 and LC95 concentrations were calculated by plotting regression curve of mortality against different concentrations of acaricides. A dose dependent increase in larval mortality was observed for both cypermethrin and deltamethrin. LC50 and LC95 for both deltamethrin and cypermethrin are calculated to be 9.59, 75.87 and 7.08, 219.85, respectively. The results indicated that R. sanguineus ticks were susceptible for cypermethrin, having high percentage mortality at the recommended concentration (200 ppm). However, deltamethrin produced a lower level of mortality at its market recommended dose (25 ppm).
Herbal Essential Oils Along with Its Amelioration with Silver Nanoparticles for Curing the Canine Demodicosis
Authors: Thakur Moneesh , Prasad Hridayesh , Samanta A.K. , Kalia Anu
Published: February 2021

Background: Demodicosis, also named as demodectic mange, red mange or follicular mange (Shrestha et al., 2015). In dogs, Demodex canis is acquired from the dam during the first few hours of life, probably during suckling (Greve and Gaafar, 1966). Demodicosis can be defined on the basis of two forms localized and generalized (Shipstone, 2000) with juvenile or adult onset. The ideal confirmation of diagnosis of demodicosis were established by the laboratory analysis of the cutaneous skin scrapings. Various drugs have been used for treating canine demodicosis. Till date no research work has been done on herbal nano medicine against demodicosis in dogs especially in Mizoram. Keeping these points in view the present study was made to formulate the herbal nanomedicine against demodicosis in dogs. Methods: Present investigation was conducted for curing canine demodicosis with the help of herbal essential oils along with its ameloriation with silver Nanoparticles. A total of 1200 dogs were screened for canine demodicosis and 35 cases were confirmed for canine demodicosis by skin scraping and amp; PCR examination. Result: The typical characteristics of Demodex spp. were confirmed in (20/35) 57.14% cases by skin scraping examination while PCR examination demonstrated (35/35) 100% by the amplification of an approximately 483 bp. Sequencing of PCR products were analyzed by BLAST and amp; the results indicated 99.7% identical to available sequences of D. canis MG372354 (1:99.7) and 98.8 identical with D. canis KU253790 (33:98.8) and amp; MG372359 (1:96.8). The sequence of the PCR product of positive samples was submitted to NCBI GenBank for accession number and MK177513 accession number was obtained for GenBank. From the present study it seems that Herbo-Nano medicine can be an effective alternative of Amitraz in case of demodicosis.
Molecular Detection of Carbapenem Resistant Gram Negative Bacterial Isolates from Dogs
Authors: Sankar Surya , . Thresia , Bosewell Anu , Mini M.
Published: February 2021

Background: Carbapenems are beta-lactam antibiotics that are considered as the last line of therapy against multidrug resistant extended spectrum beta-lactamase. The resistance to carbapenems predominantly through carbapenemase is one of the most important emerging health problems worldwide in the therapy of clinical infections. The objective of the present study is to determine the presence of carbapenemase encoding genes among Gram- negative bacterial spp. associated with clinical infections in dogs. Methods: 30 Escherichia coli, 11 Klebsiella pneumoniae and three Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from urine, swabs from lesional skin and anterior vagina of dogs presented with different clinical ailments formed the samples for the study. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out to detect the presence of carbapenemase encoding genes viz., KPC, NDM, OXA, VIM and IMP among the isolates. Result: Out of the 44 Gram- negative isolates tested, 28 (76.3%) were positive for at least one tested carbapenemase gene. The highest frequency of carbapenemase recorded was for NDM followed by OXA-181, KPC, OXA-48 and VIM. Our study identified a high prevalence of carbapenemases among companion animals like dogs which could act as potential source of transmission of these resistance bacteria or their genomes to humans.
Effect of a Yeast Based Feed Additive (ADDONTM - Rumen Support) to Counteract Heat Stress Related Productivity Loss in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Valli C. , Anuradha P.
Published: February 2021

Background: Feed additives are being used to counteract production losses in lactating cattle arising due to heat stress. In this context a study was conducted to study the impact of supplementing ADDONTM - Rumen support on in vitro rumen fermentation, production and health of lactating cattle during summer. Methods: To a total mixed ration (TMR), ADDONTM Rumen support was supplemented at three levels viz., No ADDONTM -RS, ADDONTM -RS at 0.07g/100g TMR and ADDONTM -RS at 0.15 g/100g TMR and subjected to in vitro rumen fermentation studies using the Rumen Simulation Technique. Eighteen lactating dairy cattle at early lactation, were randomly divided into three treatment groups: T1 - No ADDONTM -RS, T2 - ADDONTM -RS at 7 g/animal/day and T3 - ADDONTM -RS at 15 g/animal/day and their body condition score, body weight, milk yield, fat and SNF content were studied during peak summer. Conclusion: Supplementation of ADDONTM -RS @ 0.15g/100g of TMR helped in regulating in vitro ruminal pH, significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced total gas and carbon dioxide production at 12 hours of incubation and methane production at 12 and 36 hours of incubation. ADDONTM -RS supplementation at both levels (0.07g/100g TMR and 0.15g/100g TMR) resulted in significant (p less than 0.05) increase in in vitro microbial biomass production at 12 hours of incubation. In spite of peak summer, ADDONTM -RS supplementation in lactating dairy cattle prevented changes in body condition score, weight loss and resulted in significantly (p less than 0.05) higher milk yield without compromising on milk fat and SNF content and decreased somatic cell count in milk and improved manure quality.
Soil-borne Septicaemic Colibacillosis in Neonatal Lambs: Salient Observations
Authors: Pandian S. Jegaveera , Kumar Jyoti , Sonawane G.G. , Gowane G.R. , Swarnkar C.P. , Sharma S.R.
Published: February 2021

Background: In sheep, Escherichia coli infection can occur as asymptomatic entity to septicaemic episode. Chiefly, it causes heavy mortality in lambs and devastates the farm economy. With an objective of documenting the salient epidemiological and clinico-pathological observations in this naturally occurred outbreak of septicaemic colibacillosis, this communication is made herewith. Methods: In February 2019, sudden death in lambs was observed in three flocks of sheep. Carcasses were subjected for necropsy and histopathological examination. Swab samples from heart, abomasum, intestines, liver and lung were examined for bacteriological and molecular confirmation. Result: The mean (±SE) age of lambs that were affected was 11.00 ±0.49 days (n=404). Lambs of native Malpura breed (87.5%) and other two crossbred sheep were affected. Overall mortality of lambs was 23.76%. Gross pathological observations were pulmonary edema, ecchymotic lesions in lungs, congestion in kidney and liver and presence soil-mixed ingesta in abomasum. From the morbid materials including stomach and intestinal swabs, 45 E. coli isolates were identified and they were also confirmed on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Consequently, virulence genes for shiga toxin (stx2) and intimin (eae) were identified from the isolates. Although antibiotics were administered, only probiotics could control the new infection rate.
Impacts of rapeseed meal, canola meal and their mixture substitute for soybean meal on performance of lactating sows and their offspring
Authors: Liu Wen Chao , Zhou Shi Hui , Kim Yong Min , Lee Sang In , Pang Huan Ying , Kim In Ho
Published: February 2021

The present study was to evaluate the impact of rapeseed meal (RSM), canola meal (CM), and their mixture substitute for soybean meal on performance of lactating sows and their offspring. In total, 16 Yorkshire×Landrace sows with initial BW 258.87±5.36 kg were used in this trial. The experimental period lasted 30 days. The sows were allotted to one of four dietary treatments (4 sows per treatment): 1) corn-soybean meal (SBM) basal diets; 2) basal diets containing 8% RSM; 3) basal diets containing 8% CM; 4) basal diets containing RSM (4%) and CM (4%) mixture (RSCM). Sows fed with RSM and RSCM diets had a higher (P less than 0.05) body weight loss than sows fed SBM diet. The parity, litter number, piglet survival rate, weaning pig number, backfat, ADFI and estrus interval were not influenced by dietary treatments (P greater than 0.05). The ADG of piglets from sows fed SBM was higher (P less than 0.05) than sows fed RSM at 1 week. After farrowing, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter in sows fed with SBM diet was higher (P less than 0.05) than the RSCM group. The ATTD of energy in SBM and CM treatments was higher (P less than 0.05) than that in RSM and RSCM treatments. On the weaning day, the ATTD of nitrogen and energy in SBM treatment was highest (P less than 0.05) than other treatments. In conclusion, inclusion of 8% rapeseed meal, canola meal, and their mixture substitute for soybean meal had negative effects on reproductive performance of lactating sows and their offspring.
Effect of dietary copper levels on the growth performance and nutrient utilization in fattening pigs
Authors: Adams Seidu , Hongjiao Meng , Che Dongsheng , Hailong Jiang , Rui Han , Bao Zhao , Danquah Kofi , Guixin Qin
Published: February 2021

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary copper supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and copper metabolism in fattening pigs. A total of 24 pigs (Landrace X Large White X Duroc) with an average initial BW of 30±1.05 kg, the pigs were divided into four treatment groups, with three replicates per treatment and two pigs per replicate, in accordance with a completely randomized design based on the BW. The results indicated that dietary copper supplementation increased the growth performance, CP and EE digestibility. However, there was no significant increase in the DM and OM digestibility. In addition, copper deposition increased with the increase in dietary copper supplementation, while copper absorption, increased with the decrease in dietary copper levels. In conclusion, fattening pigs with 30-60 kg BW can utilize 45-135 mg/kg Cu and porkers at BW of 60-120 kg can also utilize 10-45 mg/kg Cu as CuSO4 for an increased copper utilization and a decreased in copper deposition.
Assessment of Shelf Life and Quality of Biofertilizers using Tricalcium Phosphate as an Anticaking Agent and Aluminium Silicate as the Inert Carrier
Authors: Matura R. , Bahuguna V. , Bhandari M. , Thapa I. , Jain S.
Published: February 2021

Background: Bio-fertilizers are the substances which contain living microorganisms, when applied to soil, seeds and plant root these fertilizers increases soil fertility and promote growth of the plant. Biofertilizers help plants to utilize important mineral resources, phosphorous and nitrogen. Microorganisms like Rhizobacteria, fungi and algae which provide nutrient to the soil and which are produced commercially are known as biofertilizers. The microorganisms which present in biofertilizers are Rhizobium species, Pseudomonas species and Azospirillum species etc. These biofertilizers have potential to replace conventional chemical fertilizers. The quality of biofertilizers is utmost important as they have to be used by farmers and should work well when applied to the soil. It should not form clumps after preparation. In this study, anticaking property provided by tricalcium phosphate (TCP) to individual biofertilizer containing Pseudomonas, Rhizobium and Azospirillum respectively (each separately) was studied. Methods: In our study, we have used serial dilution and direct count method (CFU) for checking viability of live microorganism for 15, 30 and 90 days duration in respective biofertilizers in our laboratory. Different percentage viz 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) was used in addition to aluminium silicate as an inert carrier. Conclusion: Our study has validated that all percentage (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is reducing clump formation as compared to control with no TCP added. On the basis of plate count method (CFU result) 10% TCP is found to be optimum to be used as an anticaking agent for biofertilizer containing Pseudomonas, Rhizobium and Azospirillum respectively.
Influence of Seed Invigouration Treatments on Nutrient Uptake and Soil Nutrient Status of Grain Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]
Authors: Raj Anju B. , Raj Sheeja K. , Prathapan K. , Radhakrishnan N.V.
Published: February 2021

Background: Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is the most widely cultivated pulse crop of Kerala. Deficiencies of micronutrients viz., Zn and B are a common problem in cowpea. Foliar nutrition is very effective to correct the micronutrient deficiencies in pulses but it is too laborious. Seed pelleting and priming are two simple cost-effective methods to overcome the micronutrient deficiencies. The present study aimed to study the effect of seed invigouration with zinc sulphate and borax and to evaluate its effect along with Trichoderma viride on nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status of grain cowpea. Methods: The experiment was conducted at Coconut Research Station, Balaramapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. The experiment was conducted in RBD with 8 seed invigouration treatments and a control during Rabi 2018. Result: Seed invigouration treatments had significant effect on nutrient uptake and nutrient availability. Seeds primed in ZnSO4 0.05 per cent for 4h recorded the highest NPK uptake by crop, the highest soil organic carbon content, available N and Zn status. Zinc uptake by crop and available soil K status were recorded the highest in seed primed in ZnSO4 0.05 per cent for 4h + Trichoderma viride seed treatment 10 g kg-1 seed. Boron uptake by crop and available soil B and P status were recorded the highest in seeds pelleted with borax 100 mg kg-1 seed. Hence it can be concluded that seed primed in ZnSO4 with 0.05 per cent for 4 h improved the Zn availability and uptake and seed pelleting with borax 100 mg kg-1 improved the B availability and uptake of grain cowpea.
Impact of Inoculation Methods and Fruit Maturity on Development of Fusarium Fruit Rot (Fusarium musae) Disease in Banana
Authors: Baria T.T. , Rakholiya K.B. , Chaudhari A.K.
Published: February 2021

Background: Fusarium fruit rot symptoms appear at all stages of banana fruit once infection initiates and progress from the stylar end as dark brown to black small spots which eventually turns black rotten areas leading to rotten pulp which renders the fruit unmarketable. Very meagre research work has been done on Fusarium fruit rot disease of banana in India and hence the present investigation on Fusarium fruit rot diseases of banana was undertaken south Gujarat condition. Methods: During the period 2018-2019 tested different inoculation methods were tested on the development of banana Fusarium fruit rot disease viz., stylar end pricking, rubbing, pricking at epicarp and without injury on banana fruit. Disease severity and incidence were recorded at 4th and 8th day after inoculation. In order to find out the most vulnerable stage of fruit for initiation of infection and development of Fusarium fruit rot disease, three stages of fruits were selected i.e., unripe, semi-ripe and ripe. Conclusion: Among, the different methods with fruit injury, stylar end pricking method was found best for the infection and development of Fusarium fruit rot (34.14%) after 8th days of inoculation followed by pricking at epicarp (27.79%). Further it was observed that injury of fruit surface is essential for infection and development of Fusarium fruit rot in banana. However, the severity of Fusarium fruit rot revealed that the highest severity was recorded in ripe fruits (30.21%) as compared to semi ripe (30.08%) and unripe (14.70%) fruits.