bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Father involvement in the care of children born small and sick in Rwanda: Association with children's nutrition and development
Authors: Oryono Andrew , Iraguha Boniface , Musabende Ancille , Habimana Epimaque , Nshimyiryo Alphonse , Beck Kathryn , Habinshuti Placide , Wilson Kim , Itangishaka Cécile , Kirk Catherine M.
Published: February 2021

Background

Little is known about father's involvement in the care of children born with perinatal risk factors. This study aimed to understand father's involvement in the care of children born preterm, low birth weight (LBW) and/or with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in rural Rwanda and assess child and home environment factors associated with father involvement.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of children born preterm, LBW or with HIE who were discharged from Kirehe District Hospital neonatal unit from May 2015 to April 2016 and those enrolled in a neonatal unit follow‐up programme from May 2016 to November 2017. Interviews were conducted when the children were ages 24–47 months in the child's home. Primary caregivers reported on father involvement in parenting, home environment, child disability, and child development outcomes. Children's nutritional status were directly measured. Only children whose fathers were living in the home were included in the sample. Bivariate analyses were conducted using Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test.

Results

A total of 236 children aged 24–47 months were included in this study, 66.4% were born preterm or LBW with a mean age of 33.3 months. 73.5% of children were at risk of disability and 77.7% had potential delay in overall child development. 15.5% of fathers reported engaging in four or more activities with their child in the last 3 days. Factors associated with father involvement included smaller household size (p = 0.004), mother engaged in decision‐making (p = 0.027), being on‐track in developmental milestones for problem solving (p = 0.042) and mother's involvement in learning activities (p = 0.043); the number of activities a father engaged in was significantly associated with the child's overall development (p = 0.032).

Conclusion

We found that father involvement in activities to support learning was low amongst children born preterm/LBW and/or with HIE. Programme interventions should encourage fathers to engage with their children given the benefits for children's development.
The intergenerational transmission of family violence: Mothers' perceptions of children's experiences and use of violence in the home
Authors: Meyer Silke , Reeves Ellen , Fitz‐Gibbon Kate
Published: February 2021

Intimate partner violence (IPV) on average affects one in four women, with the majority of victim survivors identifying as mothers in national survey data. Children experiencing parental IPV are now equally understood as victims. Extensive research documents the short‐ and long‐term impacts of children's experiences of IPV on their safety and wellbeing. More recently, research has started to examine adolescent children's use of violence in the home as adolescent family violence (AFV). Contributing to this emerging body of research, we draw on narrative interview data from mothers who participated in a larger study on IPV, help‐seeking and the perceived impact on children to better understand how mothers make sense of children's use of violence in the home. Mothers identified an emergence of AFV in male children with childhood experiences of adult IPV. Although mothers' experiences of adult and adolescent violence highlight their dual victimisation, mothers frame their abusive children as victims rather than perpetrators. Implications for future research, policy and trauma‐informed practice are discussed.
FARS1‐related disorders caused by bi‐allelic mutations in cytosolic phenylalanyl‐tRNA synthetase genes: Look beyond the lungs!
Authors: Schuch Luise A. , Forstner Maria , Rapp Christina K. , Li Yang , Smith Desiree E. C. , Mendes Marisa I. , Delhommel Florent , Sattler Michael , Emiralioğlu Nagehan , Taskiran Ekim Z. , Orhan Diclehan , Kiper Nural , Rohlfs Meino , Jeske Tim , Hastreiter Maximilian , Gerstlauer Michael , Torrent‐Vernetta Alba , Moreno‐Galdó Antonio , Kammer Birgit , Brasch Frank , Reu‐Hofer Simone , Griese Matthias
Published: February 2021

Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (ARSs) catalyze the first step of protein biosynthesis (canonical function) and have additional (non‐canonical) functions outside of translation. Bi‐allelic pathogenic variants in genes encoding ARSs are associated with various recessive mitochondrial and multisystem disorders. We describe here a multisystem clinical phenotype based on bi‐allelic mutations in the two genes (FARSA, FARSB) encoding distinct subunits for tetrameric cytosolic phenylalanyl‐tRNA synthetase (FARS1). Interstitial lung disease with cholesterol pneumonitis on histology emerged as an early characteristic feature and significantly determined disease burden. Additional clinical characteristics of the patients included neurological findings, liver dysfunction, and connective tissue, muscular and vascular abnormalities. Structural modeling of newly identified missense mutations in the alpha subunit of FARS1, FARSA, showed exclusive mapping to the enzyme's conserved catalytic domain. Patient‐derived mutant cells displayed compromised aminoacylation activity in two cases, while remaining unaffected in another. Collectively, these findings expand current knowledge about the human ARS disease spectrum and support a loss of canonical and non‐canonical function in FARS1‐associated recessive disease.
The expression pattern of N‐acetyltransferase 1 in healthy human skin
Authors: van Amerongen Cynthia C. A. , Kramer Duco , Pas Hendri H. , Schuttelaar Marie L. A.
Published: February 2021

Background

N‐acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) is an enzyme expressed among others in keratinocytes in human skin. NAT1 is important in the biotransformation of aromatic amines, an important example being p‐phenylenediamine (PPD), a hair dye molecule. Unoxidized PPD penetrates the skin and is N‐acetylated by NAT1.

Objectives

To investigate in detail the expression pattern of NAT1 in human skin.

Materials and Methods

Cryosections obtained from healthy human skin were stained for NAT1 and expression patterns were observed. NAT1 double stainings were performed with antibodies against different cellular organelles to determine expression patterns.

Result

A speckled, granular expression of NAT1 was seen predominantly in the stratum basale. NAT1 was expressed in a cytoplasmic pattern, perinuclear, and in the nucleus. No co‐localisation was seen with the selected cellular organelles. Local differences in NAT1 expression patterns were observed between donors and between different biopsies obtained from the same donor.

Conclusions

NAT1 is expressed predominantly in the stratum basale and can be found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and perinuclear in human skin. Further studies should be performed to investigate expression of NAT1 in a larger sample size.
What about the children? How opioid use affects child well‐being
Authors: Bullinger Lindsey Rose , Ward Benjamin C.
Published: February 2021

We study the relationship between opioid use and child well‐being. We combine data on legal opioid prescriptions, opioid‐related emergency department visits, and opioid‐involved mortality with foster care entrance records and child maltreatment reports. We find that increases in opioid‐related mortality and emergency department visits are associated with increased foster care entry, particularly among young children. We find no significant relationship between legal opioid distribution quantities and home removals. Finally, we examine the relationship between opioid‐related public policies and child welfare outcomes, finding mixed relationships between various policies and removal from the home.
A comparative study of ozonation on aqueous reactive dyes and reactive‐dyed cotton
Authors: Li Mengru , He Zhenglei , Xu Jie
Published: February 2021

Ozonation is increasingly being used and reported in recent years. This paper investigates ozonation on aqueous reactive dyes and their dyed cotton comparatively. The effects, including pH, temperature and initial dye concentration (for aqueous dyes)/water pick‐up (for dyed cotton), on Reactive Blue FL‐RN, Reactive Red FL‐2BL and Reactive Yellow FL‐2RN, were studied via Fourier Transform–infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible absorption and k/s curves. The kinetic results indicated that all the aqueous dyes were of pseudo‐first order kinetics, while dyed cotton represented pseudo‐secondary or pseudo‐third order kinetics. Based on their different mechanisms, there was a dramatic gap between dyes and dyed cotton in ozonation performance. The curve of rate constant vs pH of dye ozonation exhibited a U‐shape with the minimum value at pH 7, but for dyed cotton ozonation, the curve showed a Λ‐shape optimised at pH 10. Also, high temperature resulted in hydrolysis of dyes in aqueous solution, whereas this was not applicable to dyed cotton. The effect of pick‐up (0%‐150% with an interval of 75%) on reactive‐dyed cotton was greater than the effect of initial dye concentration (which varied from 120 to 40 mg/L) on the colour yield of aqueous reactive dyes.
Farnesoid X receptor promotes renal ischaemia‐reperfusion injury by inducing tubular epithelial cell apoptosis
Authors: Xu Yao , Li Dawei , Wu Jiajin , Zhang Minfang , Shao Xinghua , Xu Longmei , Tang Lumin , Zhu Minyan , Ni Zhaohui , Zhang Ming , Mou Shan
Published: February 2021

Purpose

We investigated the role of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a ligand‐dependent transcription factor, in renal ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Materials and Methods

We performed unilateral renal I/R model in FXR knockout (Fxr−/−) and wild‐type (WT) mice in vivo and a hypoxia‐reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro. The pathways by which FXR induces apoptosis were detected using a proteome profiler array. The effects of FXR on apoptosis were evaluated using immunoblotting, TUNEL assays and flow cytometry.

Results

Compared with WT mice, Fxr−/− mice showed improved renal function and reduced tubular injury scores and apoptosis. Consistent with the in vivo results, the silencing of FXR decreased the number of apoptotic HK‐2 cells after H/R, while FXR overexpression aggravated apoptosis. Notably, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and immunohistochemistry experiments revealed the involvement of FXR in the tubular epithelium rather than in inflammatory cells. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that FXR deficiency increased phosphorylated Bcl‐2 agonist of cell death (p‐Bad) expression levels and the ratio of Bcl‐2/Bcl‐xL to Bax expression in the kidney. Treatment with wortmannin, which reduced p‐Bad expression, inhibited the effects of FXR deficiency and eliminated the tolerance of Fxr−/− mouse kidneys to I/R injury.

Conclusions

These results established the pivotal importance of FXR inactivation in tubular epithelial cells after I/R injury. FXR may promote the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting PI3k/Akt‐mediated Bad phosphorylation to cause renal I/R damage.
Citizen science as a bottom‐up approach to address human–wildlife conflicts: From theories and methods to practical implications
Authors: Ostermann‐Miyashita Emu‐Felicitas , Pernat Nadja , König Hannes J.
Published: February 2021

Although biodiversity conservation is a prioritized topic globally, agreements and regulations at multiple levels often fail to meet the desired effects due to insufficient knowledge transmission about and tolerance toward environmental protection measures among the public. To find effective measures to solve human–wildlife conflicts (HWCs) and promote a sustainable coexistence, it is essential to gain the public's understanding of the importance of preserving biodiversity. To spur progress in solution‐oriented conservation science, we examine how citizen science (CS) can complement research in the HWC field and coexistence/mitigation strategies. We find that CS (1) is an effective tool for gathering wildlife data and (2) empowers citizens to participate in or drive (in a bottom‐up manner) wildlife research and management. Each HWC has a unique social, economic, and geographical context, which makes it challenging to find appropriate mitigation measures. We developed a Global and Local Geographic (GLG) model that provides practical guidelines for implementing CS in HWC research. We argue that the inclusion of youth is fundamental to achieving coexistence between people and wildlife; thus integrating CS into formal education or including an educational component in CS projects can support the sustainable conservation of wildlife species and foster environmentally aware future generations.
Heart transplantation in the UK during the first wave of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Hardman Gillian , Sutcliffe Ruth , Hogg Rachel , Mumford Lisa , Grocott Laura , Jerrett Lorraine , Mead‐Regan Sarah‐Jane , Nuttall Jane , Dunn Stephanie , Seeley Philip , Quigley Richard , Dalzell Johnathan R. , Al‐Attar Nawwar , Parameshwar Jayan , Fisher Andrew J. , Booth Karen , Dark John H.
Published: February 2021

Background

We aim to evaluate practice and understand the impact of the first wave of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on heart transplantation in the UK.

Methods

A retrospective review of the UK Transplant Registry (UKTR) and a national survey of UK heart transplant centers have been performed. The early pandemic period is defined here as 1 March to 31 May 2020.

Results

There was geographic variation in the prevalence of COVID‐19 across the UK. All centers reported adaptations to maintain the safety of their staff, candidate, and recipient populations. The number of donors fell by 31% during the early pandemic period. Heart utilization increased to 35%, compared to 26% during the same period of 2019. The number of heart transplants was well maintained, across all centers, with 38 performed, compared to 41 during the same period of 2019, with no change in 30‐day survival. Twenty‐seven heart transplant recipients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection were reported during the study period.

Conclusion

All UK heart transplant centers have successfully adapted their programs to overcome the challenges of staff redeployment and ICU and hospital resource limitation, associated with the pandemic, whilst continuing heart transplant activity. On‐going evaluation of practice changes, with sharing of lessons learned, is required as the pandemic continues.
Do Lockdown Policies Reduce Economic and Social Activities? Evidence from NO2 Emissions
Authors: Keola Souknilanh , Hayakawa Kazunobu
Published: February 2021

This study empirically investigates how much economic and social activities were decreased by the implementation of lockdown policies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. We measure the magnitude of those activities using nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions. Our observations include daily NO2 emissions in 173 countries from January 1 to July 31, 2020. Our findings can be summarized as follows. Lockdown policies significantly decreased NO2 emissions in low‐income countries during policy and post‐policy periods. In high‐income countries, however, NO2 emissions increased during both periods. In addition, the absolute impact of lockdown policies was larger during the post‐policy period than during the policy period. While the stay‐at‐home policy reduced NO2 emissions, we did not discover robust differences between regions in its effect.
Transition to adulthood for individuals with autism: addressing the knowledge gap
Authors: Pettit Erin
Published: February 2021

This commentary is on the original article by Culnane et al. on pages 560–565 of this issue.
Stakeholder perspectives of pediatric powered wheelchair standing devices: a qualitative study
Authors: Kenyon Lisa K , Harrison Kelsey L , Huettner Megan K , Johnson Sarah B , Miller William C
Published: February 2021

Aim

To explore and describe the experiences and perspectives of various stakeholders regarding the use of powered wheelchair standing devices (PWSDs).

Method

The purposive sample included: children aged 6 to 18 years who used a PWSD (n=8; diagnoses: cerebral palsy, spinal muscular atrophy, spina bifida, spinal cord injury), parents of children 18 years of age or younger who used a PWSD (n=12), rehabilitation professionals working with children who used a PWSD (n=12), and professionals working at companies manufacturing PWSDs (n=3). Data were gathered via face‐to‐face interviews conducted either in person or via Zoom® and analyzed using the constant comparative method.

Results

Three main themes emerged in the data: (1) ‘Stand‐on‐demand’ revealed how participants perceived PWSDs as allowing children to stand whenever and wherever they wanted, thereby increasing participation; (2) ‘It’s more than weight‐bearing’ uncovered participants’ perceptions of psychological and physical benefits from PWSD use; and (3) ‘Ecosystems influencing PWSD acquisition and use’ revealed child‐ and non‐child‐related factors perceived as influencing children’s procurement and use of a PWSD.

Interpretation

Use of a PWSD was perceived as providing a unique opportunity for children to stand whenever and wherever they desired. Findings suggest the possible transdiagnostic application of PWSDs.

What this paper adds

The ability to stand when desired was unique to powered wheelchair standing device (PWSD) use.

Participants perceived numerous psychological and physical benefits from PWSD use.

Child‐ and non‐child‐related factors influenced procurement and use of a PWSD.
Cultural relativity in consumers' rates of adoption of artificial intelligence
Authors: Tubadji Annie , Denney Toby , Webber Don J.
Published: February 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a cost‐efficient innovation that challenges customers' consumption patterns and fears of uncertainty. This study assesses whether the likelihood that consumers adopt AI in banking services depends on tastes across different cultures. We propose a culturally‐augmented Arrow–Bilir–Sorensen model to assess the propensity that consumers use AI. Analyses of a unique ING Bank dataset encompassing 11,000 respondents from 11 countries reveal that success rates for the diffusion of robo‐advisory financial services in retail banking vary substantially due to the cultural boundedness of choice. This bias seems to be associated with social capital rather than the fear of novelty.
Differing non‐linear, lagged effects of temperature and precipitation on an insect herbivore and its host plant
Authors: Scott Eric R. , Wei Ji‐Peng , Li Xin , Han Wen‐Yan , Orians Colin M.
Published: February 2021

1. Multivariate climate change is expected to impact insect densities and plant growth in complex, and potentially different, ways. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a unique crop system where the increase in quality from chemical defences induced by Empoasca onukii (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) feeding can outweigh reductions in yield and make attack by this leafhopper desirable to tea farmers. Differential impacts of weather attributes on tea and herbivores could impact feasibility of this unique farming strategy in a rapidly changing climate.

2. We monitored leafhopper densities and tea shoot growth at a tea farm in Fujian Province, China for 2 months (June and July). We used distributed lag non‐linear models to capture potentially delayed and non‐linear effects of weather attributes on tea growth and leafhopper densities.

3. Weather attributes had contrasting effects on leafhopper density and tea shoot growth. Leafhopper densities were highest with low daily mean and maximum temperatures, while warm temperatures favoured tea growth. Effects of temperature on leafhoppers were delayed, while effects on tea growth were immediate. Precipitation reduced tea growth, and had a delayed positive effect on leafhopper density.

4. The delayed effects of weather attributes on leafhoppers indicate that earlier, less conspicuous life stages (i.e. eggs and early instar nymphs) may be susceptible to desiccation. Although increasing annual mean temperature is commonly predicted to benefit multivoltine insect pests, our results show that cool, wet conditions benefit E. onukii during summer months when they are most abundant. These results have implications for tea green leafhopper management strategies.
Mixed‐stock analysis using Rapture genotyping to evaluate stock‐specific exploitation of a walleye population despite weak genetic structure
Authors: Euclide Peter T. , MacDougall Tom , Robinson Jason M. , Faust Matthew D. , Wilson Chris C. , Chen Kuan‐Yu , Marschall Elizabeth A. , Larson Wesley , Ludsin Stuart
Published: February 2021

Mixed‐stock analyses using genetic markers have informed fisheries management in cases where strong genetic differentiation occurs among local spawning populations, yet many fisheries are supported by multiple, weakly differentiated stocks. Freshwater fisheries exemplify this problem, with many populations supported by multiple stocks of young evolutionary age and isolated across small spatial scales. Consequently, attempts to conduct genetic mixed‐stock analyses of inland fisheries have often been unsuccessful. Advances in genomic sequencing offer the ability to discriminate among populations with weak population structure, providing the necessary resolution to conduct mixed‐stock assignment among previously indistinguishable stocks. We used genomic data to conduct a mixed‐stock analysis of eastern Lake Erie's commercial and recreational walleye (Sander vitreus) fisheries and estimate the relative harvest of weakly differentiated stocks (pairwise FST < 0.01). Using RAD‐capture (Rapture), we sequenced and genotyped individuals from western and eastern basin local spawning stocks at 12,081 loci with 95% reassignment accuracy, which was not possible in the past using microsatellite markers. A baseline assessment of 395 walleye from 11 spawning stocks identified three reporting groups and refined previous assessments of gene flow among walleye stocks. Genetic assignment of 1,075 walleye harvested in eastern Lake Erie's recreational and commercial fisheries indicated that western basin stocks constituted the majority of harvest during the peak walleye fishing season (July–September), whereas eastern basin individuals comprised much of the early season harvest (May–June). Clear spatial structure in harvest composition existed; catches in more easterly sites contained more individuals of eastern basin origin than did more westerly sites. Our study provides important stock contribution estimates for Lake Erie fishery management and demonstrates the utility of genomic data to facilitate mixed‐stock analysis in exploited fish populations having weak population structure or limited existing genetic resources.
Effect of dapagliflozin and/or L‐arginine on solid tumor model in mice: The interaction between nitric oxide, transforming growth factor‐beta 1, autophagy, and apoptosis
Authors: Kabel Ahmed M. , Arab Hany H. , Abd Elmaaboud Maaly A.
Published: February 2021

Background

Nitric oxide was reported to play an essential role in various physiological and pathological processes in the body. Recent reports suggested that nitric oxide may affect the pathogenesis of cancer. Dapagliflozin is a sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor which is commonly used for type‐2 diabetes mellitus management.

Purpose

The current work aimed to detect the potential impact of dapagliflozin and/or L‐arginine on solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) in mice.

Methods

Six equal groups of male BALB/c mice were divided as follows: Control; SEC; SEC + Dapagliflozin; SEC + L‐arginine; SEC + carboxymethyl cellulose; and SEC + Dapagliflozin + L‐arginine group. Tumor volume, survival rate, tissue total nitrate/nitrite, paraoxonase‐1, interleukin 1 alpha (IL‐1α), and transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) were determined. Also, caspase 3, beclin‐1, and c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) activities were estimated in the tumor tissues. Sections of the tumor tissues were examined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

Results

Dapagliflozin and/or L‐arginine induced a significant increment of the survival rate, tissue total nitrate/nitrite, paraoxonase‐1, caspase 3, beclin‐1, and JNK activities, significant lowering of the tumor volume, tissue TGF‐β1, and IL‐1α expression alongside an improvement of the histopathologic findings, versus the SEC group. Notably, the combination of dapagliflozin/L‐arginine exerted more pronounced effects versus each agent alone.

Conclusion

Dapagliflozin/L‐arginine combination may confer a novel therapeutic line for cancer therapy.
Innovation success in an emerging economy: A comparison of R&D‐oriented companies in Turkey
Authors: Kleiner‐Schäfer Timo , Liefner Ingo
Published: February 2021

Knowledge and innovation capacities are unevenly distributed on a global scale, with national or regional settings playing a crucial role when it comes to the production and usage of knowledge. In particular, emerging economies are less equipped with relevant institutions and resources, meaning that firms residing in such contexts are likewise dealing with lacking innovation capabilities. However, achieving innovation is highly relevant for the economic development of firms and regions. Therefore, we aim to identify key factors for innovation strategies in a differentiated corporate landscape that might affect innovation success. Survey data from the innovative segment of 225 manufacturing firms in Istanbul is used in a two‐step methodological approach. We apply dimension reduction through principal component analysis and use the resulting components in logistic regression analysis to estimate their effects on firms’ innovation success. The results reveal not only important findings about factors for the innovation success of firms, but also highly relevant insights about firms’ innovation strategies. The usage of internal and external R&D resources varies with firm type. In addition, we find that external R&D resources determine firms’ internationalization strategies. Hereof, we suggest policy implications for distinct firm types to support diverse innovation strategies and consequently innovation success.
RNA polymerase II condensate formation and association with Cajal and histone locus bodies in living human cells
Authors: Imada Takashi , Shimi Takeshi , Kaiho Ai , Saeki Yasushi , Kimura Hiroshi
Published: February 2021

In eukaryotic nuclei, a number of phase‐separated nuclear bodies (NBs) are present. RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is the main player in transcription and forms large condensates in addition to localizing at numerous transcription foci. Cajal bodies (CBs) and histone locus bodies (HLBs) are NBs that are involved in transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulation of small nuclear RNA and histone genes. By live‐cell imaging using human HCT116 cells, we here show that Pol II condensates (PCs) nucleated near CBs and HLBs, and the number of PCs increased during S phase concomitantly with the activation period of histone genes. Ternary PC–CB–HLB associates were formed via three pathways: nucleation of PCs and HLBs near CBs, interaction between preformed PC–HLBs with CBs and nucleation of PCs near preformed CB–HLBs. Coilin knockout increased the co‐localization rate between PCs and HLBs, whereas the number, nucleation timing and phosphorylation status of PCs remained unchanged. Depletion of PCs did not affect CBs and HLBs. Treatment with 1,6‐hexanediol revealed that PCs were more liquid‐like than CBs and HLBs. Thus, PCs are dynamic structures often nucleated following the activation of gene clusters associated with other NBs.
Working intimacies: Migrant beer sellers, surveillance, and intimate labor in Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand
Authors: Spitzer Denise L.
Published: February 2021

Thousands of rural‐to‐urban migrant women find employment in urban areas of mainland Southeast Asia as beer sellers, beer promoters, and karaoke girls whose duties include selling alcoholic drinks, often on commission, and entertaining clients. Using the label of beer sellers to refer to all of these workers, this paper draws from a sequential mixed‐methods participatory study conducted with migrant beer sellers in Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand to examine beer selling as intimate labor. Deploying emotional, affective, and embodied labor as interactive components of intimate labor, migrant beer sellers as members of the urban precariat are subject to myriad forms of surveillance that operate in concert to inform the parameters of beer selling as an intimate industry, the somato‐social presentation of workers' bodies, and their intercorporeal interactions with clients. Together, they work to reinforce gendered and racialized social hierarchies and the normative social order.
Re‐Purposing Groundwater Flow Models for Age Assessments: Important Characteristics
Authors: Juckem Paul F. , Starn J. Jeffery
Published: February 2021

Groundwater flow model construction is often time‐consuming and costly, with development ideally focused on a specific purpose, such as quantifying well capture from water bodies or providing flow fields for simulating advective transport. As environmental challenges evolve, the incentive to re‐purpose existing groundwater flow models may increase. However, few studies have evaluated which characteristics of groundwater flow models deserve greatest consideration when re‐purposing models for groundwater age and advective transport simulations. In this paper, we compare simulated age metrics produced by three MODFLOW‐MODPATH models of the same area but with differing levels of complexity (layering and heterogeneity). Comparisons are made at three watershed scales (HUC 8 to HUC 12). Groundwater age metrics, specifically the young fraction and median age of the young and old fractions, are used for evaluation because they relate to intrinsic susceptibility of aquifers and are simpler to interpret than full age distributions used for advective transport. Results indicate that: (1) the young fraction is less sensitive to model layering than the median age of young and old fractions, suggesting that simple models may suffice for basic intrinsic susceptibility assessments; (2) water table mounding and associated discharge into partially penetrating boundaries, such as head‐water streams, is important for simulating both the young fraction and the median age of the young fraction; and (3) the influence of partially penetrating head‐water streams is maintained regardless of the porosity distribution. Results of this work should aid modelers with evaluating the appropriateness of re‐purposing existing groundwater flow models for age simulations.
Emicizumab prophylaxis in haemophilia patients older than 50 years with cardiovascular risk factors: Real‐world data
Authors: Misgav Mudi , Brutman‐Barazani Tami , Budnik Ivan , Avishai Einat , Schapiro Jonathan , Bashari Dalia , Barg Assaf A. , Lubetsky Aaron , Livnat Tami , Kenet Gili
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Emicizumab (Hemlibra™) is approved for prophylaxis of Haemophilia A (HA) patients with and without inhibitors. However, real‐world data on emicizumab use in the elderly HA patients with concomitant cardiovascular risk factors are lacking.

Aim

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of emicizumab in a real‐world cohort of elderly HA patients.

Methods

A prospective longitudinal observational study on HA patients over 50 years old treated, followed and monitored during emicizumab prophylaxis was conducted. We documented any bleeding or adverse events and collected plasma samples for emicizumab levels, aPTT and thrombin generation (TG).

Results

Seventeen HA patients (2 with inhibitor), whose median age was 62.4 years (range: 51.5–77.1) composed the cohort, including 9/17 with multiple cardiovascular risk factors (high risk group). Seven patients had chronic HIV infection. The median follow‐up of our cohort was 400 days (range 89–805, IQR 211–479 days). The median annualized bleeding rate (ABR) significantly decreased for all patients. Among patients who displayed significant bleeding tendencies, emicizumab steady state levels as well as TG were lower as compared with the group. The ABR of four patients concomitantly treated by antiplatelet agents was significantly higher compared with the rest of the cohort. Neither thrombosis nor thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) was encountered.

Conclusions

Emicizumab prophylaxis for HA patients older than 50 years including those with cardiovascular risk factors was well tolerated. As lower emicizumab and TG levels were observed among bleeding patients, we suggest that monitoring laboratory assays could be of value within this age group.
Consistency of Helicobacter pylori eradication rates of first‐line concomitant and sequential therapies in Korea: A nationwide multicenter retrospective study for the last 10 years
Authors: Lee Bong Eun , Kim Joon Sung , Kim Byung‐Wook , Kim Jie‐Hyun , Kim Jin Il , Chung Jun‐Won , Jeon Seong Woo , Lee Jeong Hoon , Kim Ji Hyun , Kim Nayoung , Lee Ju Yup , Seo Seung Young , Park Seon‐Young , Kim Sung Eun , Joo Moon Kyung , Song Hyun Joo , Kim Ki Bae , Bang Chang Seok , Kim Hyun Jin
Published: February 2021

Background

Eradication rate of standard triple therapy for H. pylori has declined to unacceptable level, and alternative regimens such as concomitant and sequential therapy have been introduced. We aimed to assess the consistency of eradication rates of concomitant and sequential therapies as for the first‐line H. pylori eradication in Korea.

Methods

A nationwide multicenter retrospective study was conducted including 18 medical centers from January 2008 to December 2017. We included 3,800 adults who had test to confirm H. pylori eradication within 1 year after concomitant or sequential therapy.

Results

Concomitant and sequential therapy were prescribed for 2508 and 1292 patients, respectively. The overall eradication rate of concomitant therapy was significantly higher than that of sequential therapy (91.8% vs. 86.1%, p < .001). In time trend analysis, the eradication rates of concomitant therapy were 90.2%, 88.2%, 92.1%, 94.3%, 91.1%, and 93.4% for each year from 2012 to 2017 with an increasing trend (p = .0146), while those of ST showed no significant trend (p = .0873). Among 263 patients with second‐line therapy, bismuth quadruple therapy showed significantly higher eradication rate than quinolone‐based triple therapy (73.9% vs. 51.5% in ITT analysis, p = .001; 82.7% vs. 63.0% in PP analysis, p = .002).

Conclusion

Concomitant therapy is the best regimen for the first‐line H. pylori eradication showing consistently higher eradication rate with an increasing trend for the last 10 years in Korea. Bismuth quadruple therapy should be considered for second‐line therapy after eradication failure using non‐bismuth quadruple therapy.
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the co‐occurrence of bacteria in the oral cavity and the gastric mucosa
Authors: Wu Zhen‐Feng , Zou Kun , Xiang Chun‐Jie , Jin Zhao‐Jia , Ding Hai‐Hua , Xu Shuo , Wu Guan‐Nan , Wang Yao‐Hui , Wu Xiao‐Yu , Chen Che , Yao Xue‐Quan , Zhang Jun‐Feng , Liu Fu‐Kun
Published: February 2021

Background

Pathogens capable of impacting gastrointestinal tract tumor development are located in the oral cavity, but whether these oral bacteria are able to colonize the gastric mucosa in gastric cancer (GC) patients and whether Helicobacter pylori infection can influence this process remains to be established.

Methods

Microbial 16S rDNA deep sequencing was conducted to characterize bacteria present in paired gastric mucosa and tongue coating samples in 27 patients with superficial gastritis (SG) and 11 GC patients.

Results

While the overall composition of the gastric mucosa and tongue coating microbiomes differed substantially, certain bacteria were present in both of these communities. The co‐occurrence of bacteria between the tongue coating and gastric mucosa differed significantly between SG and GC patients. Of the 15 most abundant shared oral bacteria genera (the core shared oral bacteria), which were associated with differences in microbiota composition between these tongue coating and gastric mucosa, three were enriched in the gastric mucosa of GC patients relative to SG patients, whereas, 12 were depleted in GC patient samples. Furthermore, the prevalence and relative abundance of these core shared oral bacteria in the gastric mucosa were also linked to H. pylori infection status, and the core shared oral bacteria were also associated with the overall composition of the gastric mucosal microbiome.

Conclusions

Helicobacter pylori infections are linked to the co‐occurrence of bacteria in the oral microbiome and the gastric mucosal microbiome. Ectopic colonization of oral microbes may be a primary driver of H. pylori‐induced gastric microbial dysbiosis in patients with GC.
Understanding multi‐stakeholder needs, preferences and expectations to define effective practices and processes of patient engagement in medicine development: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Faulkner Stuart D , Sayuri Ii Suzanne , Pakarinen Chi , Somers Fabian , Jose Vicente Edo Maria , Prieto Remon Lucia , Diaz Ponce Ana , Gove Dianne , Ferrer Elisa , Nafria Begonya , Bertelsen Neil , Boudes Mathieu , Brooke Nicholas , Moutet Alexandra , Fahy Nick
Published: February 2021

Background

The holistic evolution of patient engagement in medicines development requires a more detailed understanding of the needs of all involved stakeholders, and one that better accounts for the specific needs of some potentially vulnerable patient populations and key stages in medicines development.

Objective

The purpose of this convergent mixed‐methods study was to better understand the needs of different stakeholders concerning patient engagement at three key stages in medicines development: research priority setting, clinical trial design and early dialogues with Health Technology Assessment bodies and regulators.

Design

This study brought together findings from three sources: i) an online questionnaire, ii) face‐to‐face consultations with two potentially vulnerable patient populations, a workshop with Health Technology Assessment bodies, and iii) three‐step modified Delphi methodology.

Results

Overall stakeholders still need additional varied support mechanisms to undertake, sustain or measure value of patient engagement. Health Technology Assessment bodies need better rationale for patient engagement in early dialogue and tools to support its implementation. Improved awareness and understanding of the need and value that involving patients, who are often considered as potentially vulnerable, can bring is needed, as is better accommodation of their specific needs. Similarly, weighted Delphi categories were as follows: aims and objectives, and sustainability. Several additional themes were common across the three key stages in medicines development.

Conclusion

This broad‐reaching study provides the blocks needed to build a framework for patient engagement in medicines development.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients were involved in review and interpretation of data.
Discoid lupus erythematosus solely involving the eyelids: case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Xia , Wang Peng , Wang Ming , Huang Xian , Wang Cuiyan , Qu Xiaoying , Xu Jialu , Lu Yuan , Chai Bao , Huang Changzheng
Published: February 2021

Background and Objective

The involvement of eyelids occurs in only 5–6% of patients with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), commonly with mucocutaneous lesions elsewhere. DLE solely involving the eyelids is relatively rare. This study aimed to describe the clinical features and treatments of all the reported cases of DLE with eyelid involvement as the only symptom.

Methods

A systematic review was done of all the related literature published both in English and Chinese from May 1, 1984, to March 1, 2020. Only those cases of DLE solely involving eyelids were selected and summarized in two tables.

Results

(i) DLE solely involving the eyelids is five times more likely to affect females than males. (ii) The majority of cases were presenting with unilateral eyelid involvement. Lower lids, especially both lower lids, were the most commonly affected locations. (iii) An erythematous plaque with scales is the most frequent manifestation. (iv) Approximately 22.9% of the cases had a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer, and the speckled pattern was the most seen. For direct immunofluorescence (DIF), 94.4% of the performed cases showed positive results. (v) More than 85% of these cases showed an excellent response to treatment with oral antimalarials.

Conclusion

Awareness of this atypical presentation is important to avoid underdiagnosis of DLE solely involving the eyelids. A biopsy for both routine histology and DIF is critical for establishing the diagnosis.
Concepts of power in boundary spanning research: A review and research agenda
Authors: Collien Isabel
Published: February 2021

This meta‐analytic review of power‐sensitive boundary spanning research provides strong evidence that power enables, broadens and limits boundary spanning practices and outcomes. Boundary spanners use power bases to drive innovation and empower others to maintain cross‐cultural collaboration, while altering unequal power relations that hinder learning and knowledge‐sharing in organizations. The review further points to avenues for future research on power in boundary spanning processes: future boundary spanning studies would profit from strengthening a relational, social‐constructivist understanding of power bases. This encompasses accounting for the power bases of all actors involved, expanding the notion of power bases to demographic diversity of gender, race or class, or showing how the relative importance of power bases is constructed within fields. Boundary spanning research would also benefit from expanding postcolonial and poststructuralist perspectives, which provide tools to detect subtle workings of power in boundary spanning processes. This may alter theoretical and practical implications, for example when boundary objects associated with transparency and freedom may be presented as limiting boundary spanners’ field of action.
A fix‐and‐optimize heuristic for the minmax regret shortest path arborescence problem under interval uncertainty
Authors: Carvalho Iago A. , Noronha Thiago F. , Duhamel Christophe , Vieira Luiz F. M. , Santos Vinicius F. dos
Published: February 2021

The minmax regret shortest path arborescence (M‐SPA) problem under interval uncertainty is a robust counterpart of the shortest path (SP) arborescence problem, where arc costs are modeled as intervals of possible values. This problem finds applications in the design of topologies for low‐power wireless personal area networks. The previous work presented a mixed‐integer linear programming formulation and heuristics for this problem. In this paper, we propose a new heuristic for M‐SPA, called the fix‐and‐optimize through heuristic decomposition (FO‐HD). It consists of two steps. The first step solves multiple instances of the minmax regret SP problem under interval uncertainty, while the second step combines their solutions into an arborescence. As far as we know, this is the first work in the literature to apply the fix‐and‐optimize metaheuristic to minmax regret problems. We also show that a lower bound for the optimal solution of M‐SPA can be computed from the first step of FO‐HD. This lower bound allows us to show that the maximum average optimality gap of this heuristic was 0.2% among all classical and novel instances used in the computational experiments.
Application of overbooking model to college admission at The Citadel
Authors: Zhang Li , Pippins John C.
Published: February 2021

The admission office in almost every four‐year college faces the challenge of determining the number of students to be admitted each year, because only a small percentage of the students enroll after being accepted (called yield rate). The national average yield rate in four‐year colleges and universities has declined. At The Citadel under normal circumstances, it is even more challenging since the cadets are required to stay on campus where the beds in the barracks are limited. An insufficient number of freshmen enrolled at The Citadel result in a loss of revenue, and too many freshmen enrolled results in shortage of beds. In this paper, we conduct a case study and apply the overbooking model in revenue management to find the optimal admission limit at The Citadel. We perform a computation experiment on the enrollment data to obtain the optimal admission limit for the academic year 2020–2021. Also, over the last five years, we have compared the admission limit obtained using the risk‐based policy to the admission limit obtained using the deterministic heuristic method, and with the actual admission number from the historical data. The results of this case study can be used by the admission office at The Citadel to measure its past performance, identify strategies, and make informed admission decisions in the near future.
Modified Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbZrO3–PbTiO3 ceramics with high piezoelectricity and temperature stability
Authors: Wang Pengbin , Guo Qinghu , Li Fei , Xia Fangquan , Hao Hua , Sun Huajun , Liu Hanxing , Zhang Shujun
Published: February 2021

There is a great demand to develop ferroelectric ceramics with both high piezoelectric coefficient and broad temperature usage range for emerging electromechanical applications. Herein, a series of Sm3+‐doped 0.25Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐(0.75−x)PbZrO3‐xPbTiO3 ceramics were fabricated by solid‐state reaction method. The phase structure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated, where the optimum piezoelectric coefficient d33 = 745 pC/N and electromechanical coupling factor k33 = 0.79 were obtained at the morphotropic phase boundary composition x = 0.39, with good Curie temperature TC of 242°C. Of particular importance is that high‐temperature stability of the piezoelectric and field‐induced strain was obtained over the temperature range up to 230°C for the tetragonal compositions of x = 0.40. The underlying mechanism responsible for the high piezoelectricity and temperature stability is the synergistic contribution of the MPB and local structural heterogeneity, providing a good paradigm for the design of high‐performance piezoelectric materials to meet the challenge of piezoelectric applications at elevated temperature.