bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybridization of Heat Pump Systems With Natural Ventilation To Improve Energy Efficiency in Cooling Dominated Buildings
Authors: Martins Nuno R. , Bourne-Webb Peter J.
Published: September 2021

Building foundation piles can be used as heat exchangers in ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems to provide highly efficient renewable heating and cooling (H&C). Unbalanced H&C loads lead to heat build-up in the ground, decreasing the system's overall performance. In this study, the introduction of natural ventilation (NV) has been examined to decrease cooling load imbalance in cooling-dominated buildings to improve system efficiency. Building energy simulations estimated the H&C loads for an office building in three Portuguese cities: Lisbon, Porto and Faro, yielding heating loads of 0.2–3.6 MWh/year and cooling loads of 260–450 MWh/year. Four renewable H&C technology scenarios were used to assess energy performance: (1) an air-source heat pump (ASHP) system; (2) a GSHP system utilizing energy piles; (3) hybrid ASHP-NV and (4) hybrid GSHP-NV. Over 50 years of operation, in Scenario (1) COP values of 2.45–2.55 (heating) and 3.62–4.15 (cooling) were obtained. In (2), COP values increased to 4.15–4.34 (heating) but fell to 3.36–3.79 (cooling), which increased annual final energy needs by 7–8%. Unbalanced cooling loads increased the ground temperature by 21–24 °C, which is unlikely to be acceptable. Compared to (1), introducing NV reduced cooling loads by 65–90% in Scenarios (3) and (4), with the final energy needs decreasing by 59–80% and 62–88%, respectively. A further benefit of the GSHP-NV hybrid is that the ground temperature increase was limited to 8‑12 °C. For cooling, the COP in (3) decreased compared to (1) (3.14–3.69), while in (4), COP improved to 3.45–6.10. This study concludes that hybrid GSHP-NV systems should be considered in some cooling-dominated scenarios.
Die Korrekturosteotomie an der Basis des ersten Mittelhandknochens nach in Fehlstellung konsolidierter Fraktur
Authors: Vergote Daniel , Mentzel Martin , Moeller Richard Tobias , Bauknecht Simon
Published: September 2021

Ziel In dieser Studie werden Ergebnisse nach Korrekturosteotomie an der Basis des ersten Mittelhandknochens vorgestellt.

Patienten und Methoden Das Kollektiv umfasst 24 Patienten. Neunzehnmal bestand eine Fehlstellung nach Bennett-Fraktur, 3-mal nach Rolando-Fraktur und 2-mal nach Winterstein-Fraktur. Zum Zeitpunkt der Korrekturosteotomie lag das Trauma im Mittel 16 (4–66) Wochen zurück. Bei den Bennett- und Rolando-Frakturen bestanden Gelenkstufen im Mittel von 2,3 (0–4) mm und Spaltbildungen in der Basisgelenkfläche des ersten Mittelhandknochens zwischen 0,9 und 5,4 mm. Sechzehnmal bestand eine Subluxation. Bei den Rolando- und Winterstein-Frakturen lagen Achsabweichungen zwischen 31° und 57° vor. Zwei Rolando-Frakturen zeigten Stufen in der Gelenkfläche von einem, respektive 3 Millimetern. Zehnmal erfolgte eine Schraubenosteosynthese, 13-mal eine Kirschnerdrahtosteosynthese, einmal wurde kombiniert vorgegangen. Einmal wurde eine aufrichtende Osteotomie mit einer Plattenosteosynthese durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Durch die Korrekturosteotomie ließ sich bei den Patienten mit Bennett-Fraktur die radiale Abduktion von im Mittel von 37° auf 49° und die palmare Abduktion im Mittel von 37° auf 47° verbessern. Dreizehn Patienten wiesen postoperativ eine vollständig kongruente Gelenkfläche auf. Sechsmal verblieb eine Gelenkstufe zwischen 0,5 und 2,2 mm. Einmal konnte die Subluxation nicht ganz ausgeglichen werden. Zweimal wurde aufgrund der verbliebenen Gelenkstufe und einer posttraumatischen Arthrose die Indikation zur Trapezektomie gestellt. Die Beweglichkeit nach Rolando- und Winterstein-Fraktur verbesserte sich im Mittel von 31° auf 41° für die radiale und von 32° auf 43° für die palmare Abduktion. Die Gelenkstufen und Subluxationen sowie 4 der 5 Achsabweichungen konnten vollständig ausgeglichen werden. Einmal verblieb eine Achsabweichung von 35°. Alle Patienten nahmen ihre berufliche Tätigkeit wieder auf.

Schlussfolgerung Die Daten zeigen, dass sich posttraumatische Fehlstellungen an der Basis des ersten Mittelhandknochens durch Korrekturosteotomien in Abwesenheit von degenerativen Veränderungen mit sehr gutem Ergebnis korrigieren lassen, wobei alle Rückzugsmöglichkeiten erhalten bleiben.
Fragliches Kompartmentsyndrom an der Hand bei chronischen posttraumatischen Schmerzen – 2 Fallberichte
Authors: Piza-Katzer Hildegunde , Mandici Sandra , Mailänder Lisa , Aschermayer Werner
Published: September 2021

Es werden 2 jugendliche Patientinnen mit seltenen Verlaufsformen eines posttraumatischen, schmerzhaften Kompartmentsyndroms an der Hand vorgestellt. Beim ersten Fall handelt es sich um eine nicht diagnostizierte angeborene Muskelhyperplasie des Thenars und M. interosseus dorsalis I und ein chronisch intermittierendes, belastungsabhängiges Schmerzbild, das vor dem Trauma nicht aufgetreten war und in erster Linie an ein Kompartmentsyndrom denken lässt. Im zweiten Fall kam es zu
einer posttraumatischen Kompression des M. interosseus palmaris II durch Hämatombildung im Interdigitalraum III.
Bildgebung zur forensischen Altersdiagnostik bei Jugendlichen und
jungen Erwachsenen
Authors: Schmeling Andreas , Kreitner Karl-Friedrich , Heindel Walter , Vieth Volker
Published: September 2021

Bei immer mehr ausländischen Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen ohne
gültige Ausweispapiere wird bei vermutlich falschen Altersangaben eine
forensische Altersdiagnostik angefordert. In diesem Beitrag werden
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der bildgebenden Verfahren bei lebenden
Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen dargestellt.
Herausforderungen der COVID-19-Pandemie für Schulen in
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern – erste Ergebnisse einer prospektiven
Fallstudie
Authors: Lücker Petra , Ehmke Manja , Rabes Anne , Emmerich Anna-Sabina , Kästner Anika , Reisinger Emil C. , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Sombetzki Martina
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund Die aktuelle Infektionsgefahr mit SARS-CoV-2 in Schulen wird
weiterhin kontrovers diskutiert.

Methodik „schugi-MV“ erfasst in strukturierten Begehungen
von Schulen in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (M-V) Daten zum Infektionsgeschehen,
Hygienemanagement sowie weiteren Faktoren. Aus den Ergebnissen sollen
Empfehlungen für einen sicheren Unterricht abgeleitet werden. In diesem
Artikel werden Informationen zu den ersten 10, zwischen dem 18.12.2020 und
20.01.2021 besuchten Schulen vorgestellt.

Ergebnisse An den besuchten Schulen lag das Verhältnis der Anzahl
Indexfälle bei Erwachsenen und Kindern bei 1:1,25. Die Begehungen
zeigten eine große Heterogenität der Schulen und
Schulgebäude sowie der dadurch bedingten Möglichkeiten zur
Umsetzung von Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen.

Schlussfolgerung Basierend auf den vorliegenden, vorläufigen
Ergebnissen sind Hygiene- und Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen an den Schulen
in M-V nicht standardisierbar, sondern sollten Gestaltungsspielraum lassen.
Trimethylsilyl Esters as Novel Dual-Purpose Protecting Reagents
Authors: Chen Jyun-Siao , Huang Po-Hsun , Hsieh Ya-Chi , Luo Shun-Yuan , Liu Jen-Wei , Hsu Hsiao-Lin , Zhang Kai-Min , Wu Ren-Tsung , Chang Ting-Shuo , Liu Yu-Hao , Wu Hsin-Ru
Published: September 2021

Trimethylsilyl esters, AcOTMS, BzOTMS, TCAOTMS, etc., are inexpensive and chemically stable reagents that pose a negligible environmental hazard. Such compounds prove to serve as efficient dual-purpose reagents to respectively achieve acylation and trimethylsilylation of alcohols under acidic or basic conditions. Herein, a detailed study on protection of various substrates and new methodological investigations is described.
Acetylene and Ethylene: Universal C2 Molecular Units in Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Ananikov Valentine P. , Ledovskaya Maria S. , Voronin Vladimir V. , Rodygin Konstantin S.
Published: September 2021

Acetylene and ethylene are the smallest molecules that contain an unsaturated carbon–carbon bond and can be efficiently utilized in a large variety of cycloaddition reactions. In this review, we summarize the application of these C2 molecular units in cycloaddition chemistry and highlight their amazing synthetic opportunities.

1 Introduction

2 Fundamental Features and Differences of Cycloaddition Reactions Involving Acetylene and Ethylene

3 (2+1) Cycloaddition

4 [2+2] Cycloaddition

5 (3+2) Cycloaddition

6 [4+2] Cycloaddition

7 (2+2+1) Cycloaddition

8 [2+2+2] Cycloaddition

9 The Use of Acetylene and Ethylene Cycloaddition for Deuterium and 13C Labeling

10 Conclusions
Total Synthesis of DHA and DPAn-3 Non-Enzymatic Oxylipins
Authors: Oger Camille , Guy Alexandre , Merad Jérémy , Degrange Thomas , Reversat Guillaume , Bultel-Poncé Valérie , Durand Thierry , Galano Jean-Marie
Published: September 2021

Oxylipins are formed in vivo from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). A large structural variety of compounds is grouped under the term oxylipins, which differ from their formation mechanism (involving enzymes or not), as well as their chemical structures (cyclopentane, tetrahydrofuran, hydroxylated-PUFA, etc.). All structures of oxylipins are of great biological interest. Directly correlated to oxidative stress phenomenon, non-enzymatic oxylipins are used as systemic and/or specific biomarkers in various pathologies, and more especially, they were found to have their own biological properties. Produced in vivo as a non-separable mixture of isomers, their total synthesis is a keystone to answer biological questions. In this work, the total synthesis of three non-enzymatic oxylipins derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentanoic acid (DPAn-3) is described using a unique and convergent synthetic strategy.
Clinical and technical outcomes of patients undergoing endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy using 20-mm vs. 15-mm lumen-apposing metal stents
Authors: Bejjani Michael , Ghandour Bachir , Subtil Jose Carlos , Martínez-Moreno Belén , Sharaiha Reem Z. , Watson Rabindra R. , Kowalski Thomas E. , Benias Petros C. , Huggett Matthew T. , Weber Tobias , D’Souza Lionel S. , Anderloni Andrea , Lajin Michael , Khara Harshit S. , Pham Khanh Do-Cong , Pleskow Douglas , Fabbri Carlo , Nieto Jose M. , Kumta Nikhil A. , Pawa Rishi , Jovani Manol , Khashab Mouen A. ,   on behalf of the EUS-GE Study Group
Published: September 2021

Background Most studies on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) for palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) utilized a 15-mm lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS). More recently, a 20-mm LAMS has become available. This study aimed to compare rates of technical and clinical success and adverse events (AEs) in patients undergoing EUS-GE using a 20-mm vs. 15-mm LAMS.

Methods Patients who underwent EUS-GE with 15-mm or 20-mm LAMS for malignant GOO during the period from January 2018 to October 2020 were included. The primary outcome was clinical success, defined as an increase in the gastric outlet obstruction score (GOOS) by at least 1 point during follow-up. Secondary outcomes were technical success, maximum tolerated diet, re-intervention rate, and rate/severity of AEs.

Results 267 patients (mean age 67 years, 43 % women) with malignant GOO from 19 centers underwent EUS-GE. Clinical success rates were similar for the 15-mm and 20-mm stents (89.2 % [95 %CI 84.2 %–94.2 %] vs. 84.1 % [77.4%–90.6 %], respectively). However, a significantly higher proportion of patients in the 20-mm group tolerated a soft solid/complete diet at the end of follow-up (91.2 % [84.4 %–95.7 %] vs. 81.2 % [73.9 %–87.2 %], P = 0.04). Overall, AEs occurred in 33 patients (12.4 % [8.4 %–16.3 %]), with similar rates for 15-mm and 20-mm stents (12.8 % [7.5 %–18.2 %] vs. 11.8 % [6 %–17.6 %]), including incidence of severe/fatal AEs (2 % [0.4 %–5.8 %] vs. 3.4 % [0.9 %–8.4 %]).

Conclusions The 20-mm and 15-mm LAMS show similar safety and efficacy for patients undergoing EUS-GE for malignant GOO. The 20-mm LAMS allows a more advanced diet and is, thus preferred for EUS-GE.
Recent Progress in Metal-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Ratovelomanana-Vidal Virginie , Matton Pascal , Huvelle Steve , Haddad Mansour , Phansavath Phannarath
Published: September 2021

Metal-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition is a powerful tool that allows rapid construction of functionalized 6-membered carbo- and heterocycles in a single step through an atom-economical process with high functional group tolerance. The reaction is usually regio- and chemoselective although selectivity issues can still be challenging for intermolecular reactions involving the cross-[2+2+2] cycloaddition of two or three different alkynes and various strategies have been developed to attain high selectivities. Furthermore, enantioselective [2+2+2] cycloaddition is an efficient means to create central, axial, and planar chirality and a variety of chiral organometallic complexes can be used for asymmetric transition-metal-catalyzed inter- and intramolecular reactions. This review summarizes the recent advances in the field of [2+2+2] cycloaddition.

1 Introduction

2 Formation of Carbocycles

2.1 Intermolecular Reactions

2.1.1 Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes

2.1.2 [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Two Different Alkynes

2.1.3 [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes/Alkenes with Alkenes/Enamides

2.2 Partially Intramolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions

2.2.1 Rhodium-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition

2.2.2 Molybdenum-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition

2.2.3 Cobalt-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition

2.2.4 Ruthenium-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition

2.2.5 Other Metal-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition

2.3 Totally Intramolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions

3 Formation of Heterocycles

3.1 Cycloaddition of Alkynes with Nitriles

3.2 Cycloaddition of 1,6-Diynes with Cyanamides

3.3 Cycloaddition of 1,6-Diynes with Selenocyanates

3.4 Cycloaddition of Imines with Allenes or Alkenes

3.5 Cycloaddition of (Thio)Cyanates and Isocyanates

3.6 Cycloaddition of 1,3,5-Triazines with Allenes

3.7 Cycloaddition of Aldehydes with Enynes or Allenes/Alkenes

3.8 Totally Intramolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions

4 Conclusion
The Use of Surgical Splints in Orthognathic Surgery: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Carvalho Francisco Samuel Rodrigues , de Oliveira Barbosa Déborah Isis , Torquato Iara Furtado , Britto de Souza André Mattos , Dalcico Roberta , Chaves Filipe Nobre , Costa Fábio Wildson Gurgel
Published: September 2021

Introduction Orthognathic surgeries require the use of surgical splints (SS) to stabilize the occlusion and the segments fixed with plates and screws. Technological advances in the field of computing and the possibility of generating three-dimensional (3D) images have brought different possibilities for making SS, which has generated greater predictability and customization of surgical plans. The bibliometric study can have a qualitative character through the scope of articles in a certain area of knowledge. It is a selection process that can track a topic or scientific production.

Methods The present study aimed to carry out a bibliometric literature review, in order to assess the evolution of the use of SS and the different planning protocols in orthognathic surgery. The Scopus database was used, with the terms “splint” and “orthognathic surgery.”

Results A total of 331 articles were found. These were exported to Rayyan for application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria and selection of articles. A total of 76 references were selected and exported to the VOSviewer application for the analysis of bibliometric data.

Conclusions Orthognathic surgery was initially not associated with any computerized technological resource; however, it underwent updates between the years 2010 to 2012. These advances allowed surgical planning to become faster, cheaper, and more accurate.
Convolutional neural networks to predict the onset of oscillatory instabilities in turbulent systems
Authors: Ruiz Eustaquio A. , Unni Vishnu R. , Pavithran Induja , Sujith R. I. , Saha Abhishek
Published: September 2021

Many fluid dynamic systems exhibit undesirable oscillatory instabilities due to positive feedback between fluctuations in their different subsystems. Thermoacoustic instability, aeroacoustic instability, and aeroelastic instability are some examples. When the fluid flow in the system is turbulent, the approach to such oscillatory instabilities occurs through a universal route characterized by a dynamical regime known as intermittency. In this paper, we extract the peculiar pattern of phase space attractors during the regime of intermittency by constructing recurrence networks corresponding to the phase space topology. We further train a convolutional neural network to classify the periodic and aperiodic structures in the recurrence networks and define a measure that indicates the proximity of the dynamical state to the onset of oscillatory instability. We show that this measure can predict the onset of oscillatory instabilities in three different fluid dynamic systems governed by different physical phenomena.
Magnetic vortex structure for hollow Fe3O4 spherical submicron particles
Authors: Hirano Nobuhiko , Kobayashi Satoru , Nomura Eiji , Chiba Momoko , Kasai Hiroto , Akase Zentaro , Akashi Tetsuya , Sugawara Akira , Shinada Hiroyuki
Published: September 2021

Magnetic particles with a hollow structure have arisen as an important class of nanomagnets because of a large pore volume and higher surface-to-volume ratio compared with the same-sized solid particles. The hollow structure results in unique magnetic features such as enhanced surface exchange bias, spin freezing, and preferential stability of a magnetic vortex. Despite a recent growing understanding of sub-100 nm hollow spherical magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic properties of larger-sized hollow particles were not currently understood in detail. Here, we report results of observations of magnetic microstructures for 420 nm-sized hollow Fe3O4 spherical particles with an electron holography imaging technique, where a magnetic-vortex formation is inferred from bulk measurements. We directly observe a magnetic vortex in a remanence state with magnetization circularly oriented within the shell and the reduced stray field. Micromagnetic simulations demonstrate an increasing stability of a vortex for a hollow sphere and the formation of a field-induced curling double vortex with a pair of clockwise and counterclockwise vortices. This double vortex structure is not confirmed for the solid counterpart, and its stability enhances with decreasing the shell thickness. The present work provides useful knowledge in designing magnetic particles, where a hollow structure and a magnetic vortex are key factors for high-performance biomedical applications.
Molecular dynamics study of the influence of microstructure on reaction front propagation in Al–Ni multilayers
Authors: Schwarz Fabian , Spolenak Ralph
Published: September 2021

Reactive multilayers can be used for energy storage as well as releasing large amounts of heat in a short time. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are used to study the influence of the crystal structure on the reaction front propagation in Al–Ni multilayers. Different microstructures, namely, amorphous, single crystal, columnar grains, and randomly oriented grains of varying size, are investigated. The effect of the microstructure on the propagation speed is studied and compared to existing experimental results. Furthermore, MD simulations allow to study the inter-diffusion of the Al and Ni layers. It is found that crystallinity has a significant impact on the front propagation speed, which is likely related to different diffusion mechanisms. The more disordered the individual layers become, e.g., by increasing the grain boundary density, the higher is the resulting propagation speed.
Dead zones and phase reduction of coupled oscillators
Authors: Ashwin Peter , Bick Christian , Poignard Camille
Published: September 2021

A dead zone in the interaction between two dynamical systems is a region of their joint phase space where one system is insensitive to the changes in the other. These can arise in a number of contexts, and their presence in phase interaction functions has interesting dynamical consequences for the emergent dynamics. In this paper, we consider dead zones in the interaction of general coupled dynamical systems. For weakly coupled limit cycle oscillators, we investigate criteria that give rise to dead zones in the phase interaction functions. We give applications to coupled multiscale oscillators where coupling on only one branch of a relaxation oscillation can lead to the appearance of dead zones in a phase description of their interaction.
From regular arrays of liquid metal nano-islands to single crystalline biatomic-layer gallium film: Molecular dynamics and first principle study
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Haojie , Zong Zewen , Li Zhan , Chen Ximeng
Published: September 2021

The two-dimensional (2D) materials provide an excellent platform for the study of the dimensional effect. The richer the types of 2D materials, the broader the unknown field we can explore. However, among the large number of 2D materials manufactured by humans, true single-crystalline (SC) atomically thin 2D metals are rare. The instability of SC 2D metal materials puts high demands on its fabrication process. By implementing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we proved that the SC biatomic-layer (BL) gallium film can be formed at the interface between two graphene layers. The Ga atoms deposited on the surface of the graphene on the copper substrate will spontaneously evolve into independent liquid nano-islands, and then cover the nano-island with a monolayer graphene. When the Ga nano-islands confined under the graphene layer are heated to 500 °C, they will expand into a BL Ga film, and finally, the entire system is cooled to room temperature to obtain the SCBL Ga film. It is found that these nano-islands are in the liquid state at ∼400 °C, but they undergo a phase transition and evolve into the solid state at ∼500°C. At the same time, the nano-islands also drop from 3D to 2D. In addition, the vertical heterostructure with moiré superstructure is formed between the SCBL Ga and the top layer graphene. The calculations of the electronic properties show that the Dirac conical point of the graphene in the heterostructure is shifted below the Fermi level, which proves that SCBL Ga is able to induce semimetallic to metallic conversion in graphene, indicating SCBL Ga can be used for metal contacts in 2D devices.
Effect of humidity on the microstructure and energy storage properties of polyetherimide
Authors: Feng Mengjia , Feng Yu , Yang Zhijie , Zhang Tiandong , Chi Qingguo , Lei Qingquan
Published: September 2021

The linear polymer, polyetherimide (PEI), has attracted much attention in recent years due to its high energy storage efficiency and high operating temperature. In this work, the effect of humidity on the relevant properties of PEI is investigated by changing the ambient humidity during electrostatic spinning. The results show that humidity affects the microscopic morphology of PEI after spinning and the dielectric energy storage properties of PEI films. Microstructure images show that the humidity of the spinning environment not only affects the morphology of the PEI filament, but also has an effect on the surface morphology of the PEI film after hot pressing. The experimental test results demonstrate that humidity has a significant effect on the energy storage performance. The reasons for this change were analyzed by molecular dynamics and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the attraction of hydroxyl groups may hinder the rotation of the phthalimide rings reducing the polarization rate causing a decrease in polarization.
Investigation of mechanical and energy evolution characteristics for sandstone after high temperature damage under cyclic loading
Authors: Li Dejian , Han Chao , Liu Xiaolin , Zhang Jin
Published: September 2021

During the production of underground engineering, investigating the mechanical behaviors of rock materials after high temperature damage is of great importance for controlling the stability of the underground structure. In this paper, for revealing the deformation and energy evolution laws of rock materials after high temperature damage under cyclic loading, a series of uniaxial compressive and cyclic loading experiments were conducted on sandstone after various high temperature damages, i.e., 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900°C, to study the effect of high temperature on primary wave velocity, microstructure, deformation, strength, energy, etc. It can be observed that the primary wave velocity and microstructure weakened seriously with the development of high temperature damage and the uniaxial compressive strength of samples increases toward the maximum value with a high temperature damage of 300°C and then decreases gradually. The energy proportion index was established to characterize the influence of high temperature damage and cyclic stress levels on energy evolution laws of samples. With an increase in temperature, compared with input energy, elastic strain energy proportion decreases and dissipated energy proportion rises up, which indicate that the property of samples transforms from elasticity to plasticity. Finally, the variation laws between the burst tendency of the sample and high temperature damage were well described by presenting the average elastic energy index, which provides references for studying failure characteristics of rock materials.
Martensitic transformation in CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy at cryogenic temperature
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Zhou Hao , He Haiyan , Harjo Stefanus , Kawasaki Takuro , Lan Si , Wu Zhenduo , Zhu Yuntian , Wang Xun-Li
Published: September 2021

We investigated the in situ deformation behavior of the CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy at a cryogenic temperature of 140 K and compared it with deformation at room temperature. The sample exhibited higher strength and larger ductility at the cryogenic temperature. The CrCoNi alloy remained single-phase face-centered cubic at room temperature, while deformation at 140 K resulted in a martensitic transformation to the hexagonal close-packed structure. The phase transformation, an additional deformation mechanism to stacking faults, twinning, and dislocation slip, resulted in a higher work hardening at cryogenic temperature. The study addresses the structure metastability in the CrCoNi alloy, which led to the formation of epsilon-martensite from the intrinsic stacking faults.
Bionic leading-edge protuberances and hydrofoil cavitation
Authors: Li Deyou , Yang Qi , Yang Weiqi , Chang Hong , Wang Hongjie
Published: September 2021

Cavitation is a challenging and complex phenomenon in hydraulic machineries such as pumps, turbines, and marine propellers. The shedding and collapse of the cavitation cloud are responsible for hydraulic instability. Recently, the modified wavy leading-edge hydrofoil has attracted considerable attention for passive cavitation control. To reduce hydrofoil cavitation, the leading-edge protuberances of humpback whale flippers were introduced in hydrofoil modification, and its effect on the cavitation flow was investigated in the present study. First, a sinusoidal modification method for the leading-edge of the hydrofoil was adopted. The lift and drag coefficients, cavitation morphology, and flow characteristics of the basic and bionic hydrofoils were numerically calculated using the large eddy simulation method, and the accuracy of the numerical model was verified via comparison with available experimental results. Then, the wavelengths (0.25C, 0.5C) and amplitudes (0.05C, 0.12C) of the leading-edge protuberances were varied to study the effects of the structural parameters on the cavitation. The results indicated that the wavy leading-edge can improve the lift–drag characteristics, restrain the hydrofoil cavitation, and reduce the cavitation volume by approximately 30%. Reducing the wavelength and increasing the amplitude help restrain the instability of cavitation shedding. Increasing the amplitude can reduce the pressure amplitude by approximately 60%, significantly reduce the cavitation volume, and enhance the cavitation suppression.
A largely invariant marine dissolved organic carbon reservoir across Earth's history
Authors: Fakhraee Mojtaba , Tarhan Lidya G. , Planavsky Noah J. , Reinhard Christopher T.
Published: September 2021

Significance

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the largest pool of reduced carbon in Earth's oceans, and changes in the size of this carbon reservoir can substantially impact atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. It is widely believed that the marine DOC pool was large for most of Earth’s history, buffering the ocean–atmosphere system against oxygenation and allowing for very large perturbations to Earth's carbon cycle. A new mechanistic model of oceanic DOC cycling suggests no substantial change in the size of the marine DOC pool throughout Earth’s history. These results cast new light on the potential role of marine DOC in modulating Earth’s ocean and atmosphere composition and in the evolution of the earliest complex life.
Urbanization extends flight phenology and leads to local adaptation of seasonal plasticity in Lepidoptera
Authors: Merckx Thomas , Nielsen Matthew E. , Heliölä Janne , Kuussaari Mikko , Pettersson Lars B. , Pöyry Juha , Tiainen Juha , Gotthard Karl , Kivelä Sami M.
Published: September 2021

Significance

Cities represent novel environments with altered seasonality; they are warmer, which may accelerate growth, but light pollution can also lengthen days, misleading organisms that use daylength to predict seasonal change. Using long-term observational data, we show that urban populations of a butterfly and a moth have longer flight seasons than neighboring rural populations for six Nordic city regions. Next, using laboratory experiments, we show that the induction of diapause by daylength has evolved in urban populations in the direction predicted by urban warming. We thus show that the altered seasonality of urban environments can lead to corresponding evolutionary changes in the seasonal responses of urban populations, a pattern that may be repeated in other species.
Trust in scientists in times of pandemic: Panel evidence from 12 countries
Authors: Algan Yann , Cohen Daniel , Davoine Eva , Foucault Martial , Stantcheva Stefanie
Published: September 2021

Significance

During the COVID-19 pandemic, support for nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and compliant behavior changed substantially over time. Using a large-scale, longitudinal, and representative survey for 12 countries from March to December 2020 (
n =
54,000), combined with experimental data, we show that trust in scientists is the critical determinant of societies’ resilience in their fight against the pandemic. Yet, this trust has eroded dramatically in some countries such as France. Individuals and countries for which trust in scientists has declined have experienced fading support for and compliance with NPIs. In countries where trust in government is low, the independence of scientists and scientific institutions is essential to obtain citizen’s support for measures necessary to protect public health.
Inverse heavy enzyme isotope effects in methylthioadenosine nucleosidases
Authors: Brown Morais , Zoi Ioanna , Antoniou Dimitri , Namanja-Magliano Hilda A. , Schwartz Steven D. , Schramm Vern L.
Published: September 2021

Significance

Femtosecond catalytic site motions are linked to transition-state formation in enzymatic reactions as a consequence of local dynamic interactions. Isotopic labeling of enzyme proteins with
2
H,
13
C, and
15
N perturbs bond vibrational frequencies, altering catalytic site interactions on the femtosecond timescale. Comparative kinetics of heavy and normal enzymes provide insight into the coupling of fast enzyme motions to the catalytic reaction coordinate. Heavy enzymes usually show slowed chemical steps, interpreted as slowed dynamic modes or desynchronization of motions facilitating transition-state formation. Discovery of natural inverse heavy enzyme kinetic isotope effects reveals new principles of coupled protein dynamics.
Volcanically driven lacustrine ecosystem changes during the Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic)
Authors: Lu Jing , Zhang Peixin , Dal Corso Jacopo , Yang Minfang , Wignall Paul B. , Greene Sarah E. , Shao Longyi , Lyu Dan , Hilton Jason
Published: September 2021

Significance

The Carnian Stage of the Triassic Period marks one of the most significant intervals of the past 250 My. Within the space of ∼2 My, the world’s biota underwent major changes with dinosaurs becoming the notable incumbents. These events coincide with a remarkable interval of intense rainfall known as the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE). Here, we show, in a detailed record from a lake in North China, that the CPE can actually be resolved into four distinct events, each one driven by a discrete pulse of intense volcanism associated with enormous releases of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. These triggered a major intensification of the hydrological cycle and led to lake eutrophication.
Thermal state quantum key distribution
Authors: Walton A , Ghesquiere A , Brumpton G , Jennings D , Varcoe B
Published: September 2021

We analyse a central broadcast continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol in which a beam produced by a thermal source is used to create a secret key between two parties, Alice and Bob. A beam splitter divides the initial beam into a pair of output beams, which are sent to Alice and Bob, with Eve intercepting Bob’s beam. We investigate the protocol in detail, calculating mutual informations through a pair of analytic methods and comparing the results to the outputs of a Monte Carlo simulation of the protocol. In a lossless system, we find that a lower bound on the key rate remains positive in the protocol under a beam splitter attack, provided Bob receives a nonzero proportion of the beam initially sent to him. This suggests that the thermal state protocol could be used experimentally to produce secure keys.
In-situ bandaged Josephson junctions for superconducting quantum processors
Authors: Bilmes Alexander , Händel Alexander K , Volosheniuk Serhii , Ustinov Alexey V , Lisenfeld Jürgen
Published: September 2021

Shadow evaporation is commonly used to micro-fabricate the key element of superconducting qubits—the Josephson junction. However, in conventional two-angle deposition circuit topology, unwanted stray Josephson junctions are created which contribute to dielectric loss. So far, this could be avoided by shorting the stray junctions with a so-called bandage layer deposited in an additional lithography step, which may further contaminate the chip surface. Here, we present an improved shadow evaporation technique allowing one to fabricate sub-micrometer-sized Josephson junctions together with bandage layers in a single lithography step. We also show that junction aging is significantly reduced when junction electrodes are passivated in an oxygen atmosphere directly after deposition.
Neutrino masses, leptonic flavor mixing, and muon (g−2) in the seesaw model with the

gauge symmetry *
Authors: Zhou Shun
Published: September 2021

The latest measurements of the anomalous muon magnetic moment

show a

discrepancy between the theoretical prediction of the Standard Model and the experimental observations. To account for such a discrepancy, we consider a possible extension of the type-(I+II) seesaw model for neutrino mass generation with a gauged

symmetry. By explicitly constructing an economical model with only one extra scalar singlet, we demonstrate that the gauge symmetry

and its spontaneous breaking are crucial not only for explaining the muon

result but also for generating the neutrino masses and leptonic flavor mixing. Various phenomenological implications and experimental constraints on the model parameters are also discussed.
A preliminary study of bioplastic composites based on carbon materials from paper waste and corn waste
Authors: Johannes A Z , Pingak R K , Sutaji H I , Bukit M
Published: September 2021

Waste materials continue to increase and have become a major problem in many countries. In this work,waste was recycled to form bioplastic composites. The study focused on the bioplastic (starch-cellulose acetate)-carbon material composites. The Graphene Oxide (GO) and Carbon-dots (CD) were chosen as filler materials. The physical properties of these bioplastics were investigated using tensile test, water uptake test and biodegradation test. Results showed that the addition of GO and CD reduced the tensile strength and elongation. It was also found that the water uptake decreased while the biodegradation rate increased with GO or CD addition. The interaction between the bioplastic starch-cellulose acetate matrix and the carbon materials as fillers can change the mechanical properties of the bioplastics. The carbon materials fill in the pores in bioplastics and make the bioplastic more waterproof and their hydrophilic properties attract water faster and help the activation of microbial activity during the biodegradation.
Identification of subsurface soil layers in Sutami Dam area and its surroundings using magnetic methods
Authors: Sutasoma M , Susilo A , Sunaryo S , Suryo E A , Cahyo R H D
Published: September 2021

The research was conducted to determine the subsurface layer type in the Sutami Dam area using magnetic methods. This study aims to determine the subsurface soil type in the area around the Sutami Dam. The instrument used in data collection was the Proton Precession Magnetometer (PPM) Scientrex Model G-8. The data collection area covers the Kromengan region (112.494°E; 8.129°S) to the Sukorame area (112.358°E; -8.213°S). The area covers the Sutami Dam area. The research area is 15 km x 15 km or with an area of 225 KM with a space between points 300 m. From the data acquisition, it was found that the number of data collection points was 1372 points. The types of subsurface layers based on the 2,5 D Talwani modeling are soil, pumice, limestone, sandy tuff, sandstone, andesite, and lava.
Poisson regression application for sosiodemography Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI)
Authors: Hamarandji I O , Atti A , Kleden M A
Published: September 2021

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is an infectious disease caused by bacteria or viruses that attack the respiratory organs. The case of ARI in toddlers is called Pneumonia. This research aims to determine regression Poisson and negative binomial regression models and significant factors affecting ARI in toddlers in East Nusa Tenggara province based on sociodemography aspects. The method used is the Poisson regression model and the negative binomial regression model. Poisson regression is used to form ARI case models in toddlers in East Nusa Tenggara province based on sociodemography aspects and negative binomial regression to overcome the overdispersion case in Poisson regression. The results showed that the Poisson regression model over dispersed, so the Poisson regression model was not suitable to be used suitable model for ARI cases in toddlers in East Nusa Tenggara based on sociodemography aspects is negative binomial regression models. The result of the data processing obtained a negative binomial regression model: μ
i
= exp(3.5260 + 0.021x
2). The result of this study indicates that a significant sociodemographic aspect affecting ARI cases in toddlers at NTT is poverty (X2).
The application of finite difference method on 2-D heat conductivity problem
Authors: Wole A , Lobo M , Ginting K Br.
Published: September 2021

The finite difference method is one of the numerical methods that is often used to solve partial differential equations arose in the real world physical problems. The method is approximated by Taylor series. The study considers the FDM method to calculate the heat diffusion in any point in a rectangular domain. The results show that, it has a good level of accuracy with various values of error.
Effect of distance relay settings on interference zone reading on 70 kV transmission lines Bolok - Maulafa using Digsilnet 15.1.7
Authors: Sampeallo A S , Nursalim  , Mandala J F , Sagho M A S
Published: September 2021

Distance relay is the main protection relay on the 70 kV Bolok - Maulafa transmission line. Distance Relay works by comparing the impedance on the line when in normal or abnormal conditions with the impedance attached to the relay. If the relay detects an abnormal condition in the line, namely when there is a short circuit or other disturbance, the relay will work according to the settings. The relay setting itself is divided into several areas of the relay work zone to work selectively in reading the disturbances that occur. This study aims to see how distance relay adjustment (Impedance Adjustment) affects the reading of the fault zone when there is a short circuit fault on the line. The Bolok - Maulafa 70 kV transmission line is divided into two protection zones. By using DigSILENT 15.1.7, the impedance is obtained according to the type of conductor used. By using the setup guidelines found on Doc: PDM / SGI15: 2014, the new tuning value for the distance relay on the 70 kV Bolok - Maulafa transmission line is obtained as follows: the new adjustment value for zone 1 and zone 2 carrying bay Bolok - Maulafa amounting to 4,698˂70.18⁰ sec. Ohm and 13,658˂70.18⁰ sec. Ohm. As for the delivery of Maulafa - Bolok, it was 4,264 ˂70.18 ⁰ sec. Ohm and 6,076˂70.18⁰ sec. Ohm. This new adjustment is compared with the adjustment of PT PLN in reading the fault zone by the characteristic curve of each relay using DigSilent 15.1.7. There is a 3-phase short circuit at the 10% point in the direction of Bolok to Maulafa relay with PT. PLN at Bolok Substation and Maulafa Main Substation reads disturbances in zone 1. While the relay with new settings at the Bolok substation reads disturbances in zone 1, and the relay at Maulafa Substation reads disturbances in zone 2.
Analysis of the performance of air blast freezer by using hydrofluorocarbon and hydrocarbon refrigerants
Authors: Dwinanto M M , Limbong I S , Adoe D G H
Published: September 2021

The air blast freezer has been used as a freezing method in the fish processing units before being frozen for a long time in cold storage. For this reason, the use of hydrocarbon refrigerants that are more environmental friendly has become a demand and a central issue in the future. This paper presents a performance analysis of using R290 and R600a as a drop-in replacement to R404A and R507A. The system performance analysis is based on the evaporation temperature variation using CYCLE_D-HX software with the condensation temperature maintained constant. The important quantities analyzed are mass flow rate, pressure ratio, temperature discharge, heat released, power consumption, coefficient of performance and refrigeration efficiency. The results show that at minimum evaporation temperature, system performance using R290 and R600a is on average ±14% higher compared to R404A and R507A. R290 has characteristics that are closer to R404A and R507A so it is more suitable to replace the two refrigerants compared to R600a. However, this is a performance analysis that can lead to higher performance than normal conditions.
The landfall probability of highwall slope’s geometry in PT. Mahakam Prima Akbar Sejati, East Borneo Province
Authors: Sundari W
Published: September 2021

PT. Mahakam Prima Akbar Sejati is a coal mining company that uses the open pit mining method which in its implementation will make slopes with certain geometries. This research was conducted in PIT ‘N’ section A-A ‘Highwall MPASGT-01 and section B-B’ Highwall MPAS GT-02, aimed to determine the value of safety factors that are safe and in accordance with the minimum safety factor values set by the company, namely ≥ 1.3. The safety factor value is determined by the Bishop method for overall slope, from the geometry of section A-A ‘Highwall 01, an individual slope angle (α) of 65 °, bench width of 5 meters, height (h) of 10 meters, with a total of nine individual slopes formed slope, will produce an overall slope (Overall Slope) with 48 ° slope angle dimensions, 90 meters high, and has a safety factor value of 1.46 with a cumulative collapse of 13.48%. For the B-B ‘Highwall MPAS GT-02 section, an individual slope angle (α) of 65 °, bench width of 5 meters, height (h) of 10 meters, with the number of individual slopes formed by eight slopes will produce an overall slope (Overall Slope) with a slope angle dimension of 48 °, a height of 80 meters, and has a safety factor value of 1.52 with a cumulative collapse of 8.90%.
Ballot character recognition based on image processing
Authors: Zhao Yu-qing , Yan Xiao-bo , Wang Lin
Published: September 2021

According to the relevant provisions of the "Election Law of the People's Republic of China", the engineering software required for the implementation of large-scale conference elections can set voting regulations for "differential elections", "equal elections", and "alternative elections". This paper proposes an automatic ballot recognition system based on image processing, which is suitable for all levels of people’s congresses, party and government meetings or other meetings. It has complete functions and stable recognition. It can automatically count and summarize the voting results and display the voting results on the big screen. Show on the display system. Firstly, the paper ballot is scanned by a scanner to obtain the image of the ballot. Secondly, the system will preprocess the image of the ballot and segment the image into regions.Thirdly, according to the handwritten character recognition algorithm based on image processing and Shen filter proposed in this paper, the handwritten characters "√" and "×" in the subregion are recognized.The final experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the system is as high as 99.82%, which has an absolute advantage over the traditional manual voting, and can meet the performance requirements of high efficiency, accuracy, objectivity and security of large-scale conference election.
Multi-Objective Ant Lion Optimizer for Stochastic Robotic Disassembly Line Balancing Problem Subject to Resource Constraints
Authors: Dong ChengShun , Liu Peisheng , Guo Xi Wang , Qi Liang , Qin Shujin , Xu Gongdan
Published: September 2021

With the development of manufacturing and society, a large amount of end-of-life products are generated but with reuse value. Therefore, it is of great significance to dismantle and reuse them. A robotic linear disassembly line plays an important role and promotes the disassembly efficiency in a disassembly process. In this work, we establish a mathematical model of a linear robotic disassembly line balancing problem, which requires the maximization of profit and minimization of energy consumption. Then, an improved ant lion optimizer is proposed to optimize the objectives of the multi-objective robotic disassembly line balancing problem. The experimental results show that the multi-objective ant lion optimizer has good performance, and the diversity and convergence are better than its peers.
Design and Simulation Analysis of Stone Carving Robot
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhao Min
Published: September 2021

The stone carving robot is a fully automatic computer-controlled equipment for carving on natural stone, ceramics, and glass. The space position movement and processing range of the traditional bridge-type stone carving are movement and processing range are restricted. Therefore, this paper is based on SolidWorks software to design the three-dimensional model of the stone carving robot, thereby shortening the design time of the stone carving robot, increasing the diversity of spatial displacement, and Analyze its movement trajectory to realize the intelligence and modernization of stone processing equipment.