bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecting and mapping mountain pine beetle red-attack damage with SPOT-5 10-m multispectral imagery
Authors: White Joanne C. , Wulder Michael A. , Grills Danny
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to gauge the effectiveness of using SPOT-5 10-m multispectral imagery to detect and map red-attack damage for an area near Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada. A logistic regression model was used to incorporate SPOT imagery with elevation and associated derivatives for redattack detection and mapping. Separate independent sets of calibration and validation data, collected via a detailed aerial survey, were used to train the classification algorithm and vet the output maps of red-attack damage. The output from the logistic regression model was a continuous surface indicating the probability of red-attack damage. Using a greater than 50% probability threshold, red-attack was mapped with 71% accuracy (with a 95% confidence interval of ?9%). This level of accuracy is comparable to that achieved with Landsat single-date imagery in an area with similar levels of infestation. If a synoptic view of mountain pine beetle red-attack damage at the landscape level is required, and if Landsat data are unavailable, SPOT-5 10-m multispectral imagery may be considered an alternative data source, albeit an expensive one, for detecting and mapping mountain pine beetle red-attack damage.
Winter habitat use by mountain goats in the Kingcome River drainage of coastal British Columbia
Authors: Taylor Shawn , Brunt Kim
Published: November 2022

Using radio telemetry from September 1994 to March 1996, we studied the winter habitat use of 15 mountain goats in the Kingcome River drainage on the south coast of British Columbia, Canada. Our objectives were to identify important attributes of coastal mountain goat winter habitat and, in doing so, to provide resource managers with information that will help them make decisions about conserving and managing goat habitat in coastal British Columbia. We used a digital elevation model, Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping, and Vegetation Resource Inventory mapping with a Geographic Information System to determine selection by 13 female mountain goats for forested site series and other habitat variables at two different scales. At both scales of selection, mountain goats chose southerly aspects (110–250°) and western hemlock-leading forests greater than 250 years in age, but we observed no evidence for site series preference. Most goat locations were within 150 m distance of rock-outcrop polygons. Depending on the scale of selection analyses, goats selected elevations from 600–1200 m, slopes from 41 to 60°, and the Montane Very Wet Maritime Coastal Western Hemlock (CWHvm2) or Windward Moist Maritime Mountain Hemlock (MHmm1) subzone variants. Goats selected moderate classes of forest volume and crown closure, and sites with shrub cover 1–2 m in height. These attributes are likely associated both with lower snow depths and higher amounts of available forage for goats. Our study shows that it is important for managers to assess whether planned harvests conflict with goat winter habitat. Although the harvestable area on the coast that overlaps with goat winter habitat may not be large, some of these habitats could be very important for goats, particularly during deep snow periods.
Old forest remnants contribute to sustaining biodiversity: The case of the Albert River valley
Authors: Houde Isabelle , Leech Susan , Bunnell Fred L. , Spribille Toby , Björk Curtis
Published: November 2022

The Albert River valley hosts the only old-growth stands of western redcedar in the Invermere Timber Supply Area (TSA). This portion of the Interior Cedar Hemlock moist cool (ICHmk1) biogeoclimatic variant is spatially disjunct from the rest of the ICHmk1 in British Columbia and lies on calcareous soil. Surveys of lichens and vascular plants in the valley bottom of the Albert River revealed an uncommonly rich area, including about 10% of the vascular plant species known to British Columbia. Eight of these are either Blue- or Red-listed in the province. Nine of the lichens found are either new to North America, western North America, or British Columbia, and seven may be new to science. Four more species have a predominantly oceanic distribution, and one is mainly Arctic. Conserving remnants of old-growth forest from forest harvest can play a critical role in sustaining biodiversity, particularly those in rare and poorly represented ecosystem types, so these areas merit careful consideration in the designation of reserves. Such significant remnants are easily overlooked when assessment of potential conservation areas is restricted to coarse-scale approaches that focus on intact landscapes. Coarse-filter approaches can identify potential rare ecosystems and guide field surveys, but are no substitute for field surveys.
Clayoquot Sound: Lessons in ecosystem-based management implementation from an industry perspective
Authors: Butt Gordon , McMillan Don
Published: November 2022

In 1995, the Clayoquot Sound Scientific Panel submitted a report with 170 recommendations that fundamentally changed forest management as it had been traditionally practiced in the Sound. The Scientific Panel's report represents an early case study of ecosystem-based management (EBM) implementation. The recommendations were adopted by industry, government, and other participants with hopes that this would end the vociferous conflicts that had come to characterize Clayoquot Sound. British Columbia's Provincial government was committed to working with industry, First Nations, forest workers, and local communities to make the changes happen. However, the implementation was not accomplished easily or cheaply, and it was not an unmitigated success, at least from the perspective of industry. In addition to summarizing the history of the process, this article discusses outcomes of EBM implementation in Clayoquot Sound in terms of planning for environmental values before timber, using ecological rather than administrative boundaries, and engaging participants early and throughout the planning process. With emphasis on implications from an industry perspective, the authors recommend approaches that balance the strengths and challenges inherent in ecosystem-based management in British Columbia.
Increasing the Resilience of British Columbia’s Rural Communities to Natural Disturbances and Climate Change
Authors: Krishnaswamy Ajit , Simmons Ellen , Joseph Larry
Published: November 2022

It is predicted that climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of natural disturbances and weather related natural disasters. Rural forest-based communities are especially vulnerable to changes in natural disturbance regimes influenced by climate change because their economic, social, and cultural aspects of life are closely linked to the local environment and climate. In this article, we discuss the impacts of wildfires on communities as an example of how natural disturbances impact humans. The impacts to humans of wildfire is indicative of the type of effects that other natural disturbances such as widespread insect infestation, landslides, floods, drought, storms, avalanches, permafrost melt, forest diseases, erosion, and gradual ecosystem change can have on communities. First Nations communities may be significantly and uniquely impacted by natural disturbances and climate change due to their remote location, strong connection, and heavy reliance on the environment for subsistence and in preserving their culture and their unique and often vulnerable economic situation. We describe the uncertainty of predicting the frequency and intensity of natural disturbances in a particular location. We suggest that the most effective management response to address this uncertainty is to focus on reducing vulnerability and increasing community resilience. Finally, we list some of the management strategies and tools that communities and those that work with them have been using in British Columbia and elsewhere to increase community resilience to natural disturbances and climate change.
Strategies and Tools for Effective Public Participation in Natural Resource Management
Authors: Krishnaswamy Ajit
Published: November 2022

Public participation is widely recognized as a critical aspect of natural resource management (NRM), and is a regulatory requirement for a variety of environmental and NRM processes. Research and experience from natural resource management worldwide have proven that public participation leads to better decisions, - by providing local or independent sources of information and by examining alternative management strategies and builds trust. It also reduces uncertainties, delays, conflicts, and legal costs. This article seeks to provide an understanding of basic concepts and best practices of public participation, familiarity with different tools that can be used for effective public participation, and an awareness of which tools are appropriate under different circumstances. It is aimed to address the needs of resource managers who work with communities and First Nations, and whose job requires them to engage the public in resource planning and management. Many practitioners “do” participation every day, but many do not have the opportunity to reflect on their practice or to contemplate ways to do it better. The article offers this opportunity, and provides practitioners with useful knowledge and tools that could help them engage communities and the public to make sound management decisions.
Projecting future distributions of ecosystem climate niches in British Columbia
Authors: Wang Tongli
Published: November 2022

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Climate Biomonitoring with Lichens in British Columbia’s Inland Temperate Rainforest
Authors: MacDonald Asha Marie , Coxson Darwyn , Bjork Curtis
Published: November 2022

Rapid climate change is predicted for British Columbia’s Inland Temperate Rainforest (ITR), a globally unique ecosystem. Lichens, which may serve as effective biomonitors of ecosystem health, have been proposed for use as climate change indicators for a variety of ecosystems globally. This research presents a climate biomonitoring protocol using arboreal macrolichen communities in the inland rainforest in British Columbia. We report our initial findings of 39 lichen taxa, including a number of rare species and cyanolichens, which may be especially sensitive to climate. Comparisons of these data with future measurements will provide an indication of how the inland rainforest may be responding to climate change.
Use of Airborne Gamma Radiometrics to Infer Soil Properties for a Forested Area in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Dent David L. , MacMillan Robert A. , Mayr Thomas L. , Chapman William K. , Berch Shannon M.
Published: November 2022

We obtained radiometric data from a public-domain archive maintained by Natural Resources Canada and processed them to produce a ternary image for a portion of the Cariboo region. A field program was used to evaluate what information could be reliably inferred from the available data. This initial investigation confirmed that the radiometrics for this area exhibited consistent and useful patterns to interpret the lithology, mineralogy, depth, and moisture status of the surficial materials. Different colour patterns in the ternary image correlated well with different compositions of the various tills. We noted a clear association between higher values of radioactive emission and more recently deposited aeolian, alluvial, and glaciofluvial sediments that contained higher concentrations of relatively unweathered minerals. We observed a clear pattern of lower emission from wetlands and areas of wet soil. Airborne radiometrics, even at 500-m line spacing, provided invaluable and precise information—not otherwise obtainable—for mapping or modelling spatial variation in properties of the surficial material within the forested study area in British Columbia. We recommend further investigations to develop operational procedures for the use of such data in mapping surficial materials.
Tomentosus Root Rot Forest Health Stand Establishment Decision Aid
Authors: Reich Richard , Lewis Kathy , Wiensczyk Alan
Published: November 2022

None required for a SEDA.
Evidence supporting the need for a common soil monitoring protocol
Authors: Reeves Derrick , Coleman Mark , Page-Dumroese Deborah
Published: November 2022

Many public land management agencies monitor forest soils for levels of disturbance related to management activities. Although several soil disturbance monitoring protocols based on visual observation have been developed to assess the amount and types of disturbance caused by forest management, no common method is currently used on National Forest lands in the United States. We present data on relative soil disturbance based on harvest system from National Forests throughout Montana and Idaho. Because each National Forest uses its own method for data collection, we developed a common, well-defined visual class system for analyses based on the existing soil monitoring data that accurately normalized disparate classifications. Using this common system, we detected differences in soil disturbance between the ground-based and overhead harvest systems; however, no site attributes (slope, aspect, soil texture, etc.) affected soil disturbance levels. The individual National Forest was the most important factor explaining differences among harvest units. The effect of National Forest may be explained by different forest types, soils, harvest practices, or administrative procedures, but the most likely explanation is differences among the various qualitative classification approaches to soil disturbance monitoring. Althoughthis analysis used a large data set, our inability to correlate disturbance with site characteristics and the differences between monitoring methods points to the need for common terms and comparable guidelines for soil disturbance monitoring.
Bioenergy is a viable solution to BC's Wildland-Urban Interface fuels problem; however, a number of policy changes are needed first
Authors: Gray Robert W.
Published: November 2022

We have an increasing wildfire risk to communities of the province that is not being effectively addressed by the current hazard reduction program. Existing planning and remediation efforts are a small fraction of what is required given the march of climate change, the steady accumulation of forest fuels in the WUI and the large number of affected communities. The greatest barrier to an adequate response is the high cost of initial and recurring treatments, dependent primarily on tax funds from senior governments, and the lack of a policy framework that makes it possible to earn offsetting revenues from remedial work. Continuing on this trajectory will bring the predictable results of increasingly frequent and increasingly severe interface fires. A solution to this impasse is a major departure from current policy and practice; it is an attempt to turn an economic barrier into an economic advantage by converting a fuel surplus from a costly burden to a commercially valuable energy source. Because the proposal affects the legislated jurisdictions of communities, the tenure rights of existing industry, the encouragement of a new energy industry, the revision of silvicultural requirements, the linked use of merchantable timber and lower value biomass, expanding the carbon offset regime and sensitivity to international timber pricing agreements it is a formidable challenge to our current forest administration. Such a bold transformation likely cannot be approached piecemeal nor can it be applied province-wide without practical trial.
Which Caribou? Misnaming Caribou Population Units Leads to Conservation Errors
Authors: Harding Lee E.
Published: November 2022

In reviewing the genetic, morphological, behavioural, and ecological distinctiveness of caribou throughout Canada, the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) (2011) divided “Southern Mountain caribou” (c.f. COSEWIC 2002) into three designatable units (DU) for conservation purposes: Northern Mountain (DU7), Central Mountain (DU8), and Southern Mountain (DU9) populations of woodland caribou. These new designations mean that each is considered a “wildlife species” according to the Species at Risk Act. Recent federal and provincial government reports refer to “Southern Mountain caribou,” conflating Southern Mountain, Central Mountain, and nine of the 45 subpopulations of Northern Mountain caribou into one pseudo-population, with clear conservation consequences. For example, in 2018, a federal decision on an emergency order required the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) to ascertain whether there were immediate threats to the survival or recovery of the Southern Mountain population of woodland caribou. By conflating two ecotypes and part of another into “Southern Mountain caribou”—an obsolete, geographical grouping not used since2002—ECCC’s assessment falsely informed the Minister that there were 3,764 “Southern Mountain caribou,” when in fact there were only 1,240 in the Southern Mountain (DU9)mpopulation. Other errors arising from the first distorted the number and trajectories of extant subpopulations. Instead of issuing the emergency order, the Minister entered into protracted negotiations with the province on recovery planning that continue at this writing. The nomenclatural ambiguity can be resolved by 1) using the currently accepted taxonomy naming Osborn’s caribou a valid subspecies, R. t. osborni, instead of Northern Mountain population of woodland caribou, 2) using original English names for Mountain caribou and Rocky Mountain caribou, and 3) basing conservation actions on these distinct phylogenetic units as per COSEWIC (2011, 2014).
Assessing the Feasibility of Meeting Target Fuel Loadings for Wildfire Reduction in North-Central British Columbia
Authors: Brochez Carolyn B. , Leverkus Sonja E.R.
Published: November 2022

Wildland fire has long been recognized as an important disturbance to consider in natural resource management in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Fuel reduction treatments are conducted to achieve designated fuel load targets, measured as the weight of the remaining fuel per unit area (tonnes/hectare [t/ha]). Multiple methods are available to professionals for measuring hazard abatement, but this prevents standardization of data for comparison across the province. To promote a study based in science but through an operational lens, the authors used freely available BC Government documents and guidebooks to perform the fuel measures and fuel load tallies. Thirty-two fuel plots were established in the summer of 2021 within the Burns Lake Community Forest. Field measurements were carried out following mechanical raking treatments to determine if units within the ‘severe’ fuel hazard threshold (FHT) met the target fuel load of 1–5 t/ha. Less than one-third of the plots had a fuel load within the target range. Implications of results are discussed, and several recommendations are proposed to improve the feasibility of post-harvest fuel mitigation practices, including a streamlined fuel measurement methodology and more flexible fuel load targets that would enable better comparisons of treatment feasibility across different fuel types and ecosystems within the province.
Virological failures of primary interferon-free therapy in patients with chronic HCV RNA viremia and successful repeated interferon-free therapy
Authors: Sulima D. L. , Suleymanova S. S. , Yakovlev A. A. , Koryagin V. N. , Rassokhin V. V.
Published: November 2022

Objective. Description of clinical forms of chronic HCV infection in the observed patients, clarifications of options and causes of virological failures of primary interferon-free therapy (DAAT/1) and the results of repeated interferon-free treatment (DAAT/2).

Materials and methods. 8 patients with chronic RNA HCV viremia (subtypes 1b+/–1a and 3а/3ab) were prospectively observed who suffered a virological failure of primary interferon-free therapy with original inhibitors in the form of relapse of RNA HCV viremia and aviremic low-level replication RNA HCV in PBMCs (peripheral mononuclears), but then achieved HCV eradication with a repeated course of interferon-free therapy.

Results. Two variants of virological failures of primary interferon-free therapy were noted — relapse of RNA HCV viremia and aviremic low-level replication of RNA HCV in PBMCs. A number of unfavorable prognosis signs (individual clinical and laboratory syndromes and laboratory parameters) were revealed, which were observed in most patients who did not achieve HCV eradication using primary interferon-free therapy with antiviral drugs: HCV-associated syndromes of low-grade systemic inflammation (LGSI), benign lymphoproliferation and autoantibody production, a high level viral load of HCV RNA viral load in blood plasma, HBV-coinfection without HBsAg and cirrhosis of the liver in the outcome of chronic hepatitis C. The target result of repeated interferon-free therapy, confirmed by the sustainable virological response after 12 weeks after the end of the treatment (SVR12), was achieved in all «losers» of primary interferon-free therapy.

Conclusion. The unfavorable prognostic signs identified in the majority of «losers» of primary interferon-free therapy in the form of individual clinical and laboratory syndromes and laboratory parameters may be associated with potential virological inefficiency of therapy. Based on logistic regression analysis, the value of each of the identified features for predicting different outcomes of primary interferon-free therapy in a large group of patients with HCV is shown. Pangenotypic combinations of GLE/PIB+SOF+/–RBV and VEL/SOF+RBV inhibitors have shown their high antiviral efficacy in the treatment of relapse of RNA HCV viremia and aviremic low-level replication of RNA HCV in peripheral mononuclears for all the patients for whom primary interferon-free therapy was unsuccessful.
Clinical and immunological criteria for prediction of thechronic course of cytomegalovirus infection on the background of hypoxic-ischemic damage of the central nervous system in children in the first year of life
Authors: Kravchenko L. V. , Levkovich M. A. , Berezhanskaya S. B. , Afonin A. A. , Krukier I. I. , Puzikova O. Z. , Panova I. V. , Sozaeva D. I. , Popova V. A. , Drukker N. A.
Published: November 2022

Objective. To develop prognostic criteria for the chronic course of cytomegalovirus infection by studying disorders of the regulation of the immune response in children of the first year of life against the background of hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage.

Materials and methods. 108 newborns with cytomegalovirus infection occurring against the background of perinatal hypoxicischemic lesions of the central unequal system were examined. All observed patients at 1 and 3 months of life conducted an immunological examination, including the determination of T and B-lymphocytes. Determination of the population and subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes, activation markers was carried out by the method of one- and twoparameter phenotyping using reagents from Immunotex (France), FITC (fluorescein isothiocynate) — labeled with CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+ and PE (phycoerythrin) — labeled CD28+, CD40+. The results were recorded on a BECKMAN COULTER EPICSXL-II flow cytometer (USA) using standard protocols. The observation groups consisted of 78 children (72.2%) with an acute course of the disease (Group 1) and 30 children (27.3%) with a chronic course (Group 2).

Results. Of the totality of the studied parameters of the cellular and humoral parts of the immune system, statistically significant for the prognosis of the chronic course of cytomegalovirus infection in children of the first year of life against the background of hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage were found: CD8, CD40, CD3+CD28+, CD20+CD40+. Using the PolyAnalist 3.5 Pro CNS package, systems of inequalities were obtained and a formula for predicting the chronic course of cytomegalovirus infection in children in the first year against the background of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage was calculated.

Conclusion. A statistically significant relationship was found between the prognosis of the chronic course of cytomegalovirus infection against the background of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage and the level of CD20, CD4, costimulatory molecules CD3+CD28–, CD20+CD40+. The proposed diagnostic rules can be considered screening markers for the prognosis of the chronic course of cytomegalovirus infection against the background of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage in newborns, which makes it possible to start specific therapy in a timely manner.
Immunological and virological features of combined secondary diseases in patients with HIV-based immunodeficiency
Authors: Voznesenskiy S. L. , Kozhevnikova G. М. , Ermak Т. N. , Samotolkina E. S. , Klimkova Р. V. , Abramova Е. V.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The HIV epidemic situation in the Russian Federation remains tense. Low coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) contributes to the disease progression in some PLHIV. Many authors point to a high prevalence of different secondary disease combinations.

Objective. Studying the structure of secondary disease combinations in inpatients and identifying features of immunological and virological indicators.

Materials and methods. There was retrospective analysis of 1440 cases of HIV-infected admission in ICU SBHI «ICH № 2» DZM in 2018–2020. The number of CD4+ cells were estimated in 1185 patients, viral load (VL) is defined in 1173 patients.

Statistical analysis is held, using program StatTech v. 2.6.2 (developer — LLC «Statech», Russia).

Results. 18,5% of patients had 1 secondary disease, 75,9% were diagnosed a combination of 2 and more various lesions. 275 different combinations of secondary diseases are recorded: from 50 combinations of 2 secondary lesions to 4 combinations of 7 nosological units. Ме VL in patients with no secondary diseases — 13 303 copies/ml, with 1 secondary disease it increased 3,2 times (42 926) (p<0,001). Similar changes are detected with 3, 5 and 6 diseases. Ме number of CD4+ lymphosytes in the absence of a secondary pathology — 223 cells/mcl. As the number of secondary diseases increases from 1 to 4, we observe consistent reduction in the number of CD4+ lymphosytes; in a combined secondary pathology Ме CD4+ cells did not exceed 100 cells; with 4 and more secondary diseases this figure did not exceed 20 cells in mcl. Correlation analysis of CD4+ cells and the number of combined secondary diseases revealed the presence of moderate connection tightness on the Chaddock scale (rxy=0,356, p<0,001). The depth of immunodeficiency also affects the outcome of the disease: (M±SD) CD4+ cells in the group of the dead were 101±153 (95% DI: 91–112), in the group of survivors — 198±226 (95% DI:172–224; p<0,001).

Conclusion. Combined secondary disease among patients of ICU infectious hospital were diagnosed in 75.9% patients. There were differences by VL level which increased with the growth of combined lesion number; more significant correlation was found between the amount of CD4+ cells and the number of secondary diseases. The obtained results are confirmed by reduced likelihood of a favorable outcome of the disease with increasing number of combined secondary diseases.
Analysis of myelogram data in patients with HIV infection and hematopoiesis oppression
Authors: Baryshnikova D. V. , Mordyk A. V. , Puzyreva L. V.
Published: November 2022

Objective. To identify risk factors of adverse outcome in patients with HIV infection and cytopenia.

Materials and methods. The analyzed group included 30 patients with HIV and two-line cytopenia and pancytopenia. The patients were on inpatient treatment in the Budget Healthcare Institution «CTBD №4», BHCI «Regional Clinical Hospital», Omsk. Results and discussion. Hematopoiesis was found in 14 patients (46,66%), while dyseritropoiesis was noted in 4 patients (13,33%), dysgranulocytopoiesis in 3 patients (10%), cellular rejuvenation of granulocyte series in 2 patients (6,67%), mononuclear cells (involutive forms of megakaryocytes) in 5 patients (13,33%). As HIV progresses the patients experience increasing number and severity of hematological abnormalities in hemograms and myelograms. Early correction of hematopoietic disorders allows to improve the quality of these patients’ life. Myelodysplasia emergence in myelogram in patients with or without ARV therapy statistically differed only in a megakaryocytic germ. The death risk scale of patients with HIV and cytopenia is developed, on the basis of clinical data, obtained results of bone marrow research, based on regression equations.
Design and development of smart lock system based QR-Code for library's locker at Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Riau
Authors: Rahayu Yusnita , Afif Luthfi , Soh Ping Jack
Published: November 2022

A security system is needed to prevent theft or other criminal acts. One of the implementations of a popular security system today is the Smart Lock System. This study discusses the design of an intelligent lock system using QR Code scanning as a locker key at the Library of the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Riau. The design of the device system consists of one piece of ESP8266 Node MCU module, one piece of 12V Power Switch Adapter, one piece of AMS 1117 module with 3.3V and 5V output voltages, three pieces of 5V Relays, three pieces of 12V Solenoids. The security system has been improved compared with existing security systems, such as verification for personal data, email notification, and level login to get theft to treat notification. This paper also measured the delay of the device system. Based on measurement results, the average delay obtained is 1.66 seconds.
Trivial injury with devastating complication - A case of paediatric pancreatic pseudocyst
Authors: Shaikh Iqra , Rahmat Zainab , khan Mohammad Arif , Ali Syed , Nasir Sharmeen , islam zarmina
Published: November 2022

We report a case of a four-year-old female child who presented with a
massive pancreatic pseudocyst. Pseudocysts >10 cm are at an
increased risk of rupture, hence require surgical intervention.
Percutaneous external drainage via pig tail catheter was followed by
Cysto-gastrostomy due to continuous high output. Post-operative period
was uneventful.
Multidimensional Analysis of Poverty among Rural Women in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Fadoju Dorcas Tolulope , Adesiyan Olufunmilola Felicia
Published: November 2022

Several poverty studies have been carried out in Nigeria at all levels
to reflect the poverty status using a unidimensional approach. However,
poverty is a multidimensional concept. This study therefore analysed
poverty among rural women in Oyo state using a multidimensional poverty
framework. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 180
respondents for this study. The data collected were analysed using
multiple correspondence analysis, Alkire and Foster multidimensional
poverty measures and logit regression model. The results of the
multidimensional poverty estimates showed that 68.9% of the women were
multidimensionally poor. It was also revealed that cooking fuel,
sanitation and education indicators contributed most to multidimensional
poverty among the women in the study area. Findings from the logit
regression revealed that household size, agriculture as major occupation
of women, agriculture as major occupation of household head and gender
of household head had positive and significant effects on
multidimensional poverty among the women in the study area. In
conclusion, majority of the women were poor, deprived mostly of cooking
fuel, sanitation and education. Having a secondary occupation, increase
monthly expenditure and marital status were the key determinants in
reducing poverty among the women in the study area
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Findings of Mitral Valve Prolapse in a Heart Model Established with the Mimics/3-matic Software
Authors: Meng Jun , Chen Yun
Published: November 2022

Background: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common disease
that affects the valve between the left heart chambers. Transesophageal
echocardiography (TEE) helps locate mitral regurgitant defects in
patients with MVP. We encountered an unusual phenomenon when performing
TEE in a 67-year-old male patient with MVP. The three-dimensional (3D)
TEE showed a regurgitant defect in C1. However, both the 77° and 100°
two-dimensional (2D) TEE views detected severe mitral regurgitation at
the regurgitant defect. Methods: To explain this phenomenon, we
utilized the data of a 45-year-old male patient who complained of
chest distress and underwent cardiac computed tomographic angiography
for diagnostic purposes. Subsequently, we established a heart model
using the Mimics/3-matic software. In 3-matic, we
simulated the TEE process, which included acquiring the transducer
location, the transducer direction, and the 77° and 100° TEE views.
Results: During the TEE process, the center of the transducer
was placed at P8. If the transducer was toward with a multiplane
transducer angle of 77°, C1 was evaluated via 2D TEE. If it was toward
at 100°, C1 was assessed again via 2D TEE. The coordinates of P12 and
P12’ were extremely close to each other. Conclusion: The
phenomenon could be likely explained as follows: For a certain
transducer location, the transducer might have two different directions,
where the same anterior commissure could be accurately observed at two
different multiplane transducer angles. These two directions were
extremely close to each other. When TEE was performed in the patient
with MVP, the transducer was in fact turned from one direction to the
other without being realized.
Sex differences in adipose tissue distribution determine susceptibility to neuroinflammation in mice with dietary obesity
Authors: Stranahan Alexis M. , Guo De-Huang , Yamamoto Masaki , Hernandez Caterina M. , Khodadadi Hesam , Baban Babak , Zhi Wenbo , Lei Yun , Lu Xinyun , Ding Kehong , Isales Carlos M.
Published: November 2022

Preferential energy storage in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) confers protection against obesity-induced pathophysiology in females. Females also exhibit distinct immunological responses, relative to males. These differences are often attributed to sex hormones, but reciprocal interactions between metabolism, immunity, and gonadal steroids remain poorly understood. Here, we systematically characterized adipose tissue hypertrophy, sex steroids, and inflammation in male and female mice after increasing durations of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. After observing that sex differences in adipose tissue distribution before HFD were correlated with lasting protection against inflammation in females, we hypothesized that a priori differences in the ratio of subcutaneous to visceral fat might mediate this relationship. To test this, male and female mice received SAT lipectomy (LPX) or sham surgery before HFD challenge, followed by analysis of glial reactivity, adipose tissue inflammation, and reproductive steroids. Because LPX eliminated female resistance to the pro-inflammatory effects of HFD without changing circulating sex hormones, we conclude that sexually dimorphic organization of subcutaneous and visceral fat determines susceptibility to inflammation in obesity. 
bicentenário (da)nação
Authors: Ribeiro Paulo Silvino
Published: November 2022

A partir de uma análise sociológica do processo de formação do Estado brasileiro como independente, o presente artigo busca apresentar as contradições que forjaram os caminhos e descaminhos do país em sua constituição política, econômica e social. Da leitura de fatos e processos históricos relevantes da constituição nacional, busca-se provocar uma reflexão sobre a natureza da independência nacional, bem como acerca dos resultados mais diretos à vida da sociedade brasileira, marcados por incongruências profundas.
Assessment of Deep Vein Thrombosis Using Multidetector Computed Tomography After Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Comparative Study with Doppler Sonography
Authors: Smerat Sami , Alarab Azzam , Sada Maram Ghassan , Al Hroush Issa , Muhsen Marah Abu , Samra Murad Abu , Al-Makhamreh Moath , Mansour Sojood , Almashny Mohammad , Naji Hasan , Hjouj Mohammed
Published: November 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the ability of indirect 128-row multidetector CT (MDCT) venography and doppler sonography to detect deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after knee or hip arthroplasty.

Methods and Materials: Replacement surgery was performed on a total of ten hip and sixty-eight knee joints in 52 patients. The evaluation of the presence of DVT is degraded by the beam hardening artifact; therefore, Axial CT images could not be used to assess DVT. The beam hardening artifact's z-axis length was measured. Deep vein thrombosis was studied to see how common it is and where it occurs. The CT venograms' diagnostic performance was assessed and compared to that of the gold standard diagnostic reference for DVT: doppler sonography.

Results: The beam hardening artifact had a z-axis length of 6.0 (mean standard deviation). Doppler sonography is a technique that allows you to see what's going on inside your body. In 30/52 individuals, DVT was found in the calf veins (58 percent of total population). The binary scale diagnostic test revealed that CT venography and doppler sonography had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 93.33 percent, 90.91 percent, 90.91 percent, and 92.31 percent, respectively.

Conclusion: For the aim of evaluating post-arthroplasty patients, CT venography can be utilized as a substitute for doppler sonography.
TUGU TABUIK PARIAMAN (BENTUK, PENEMPATAN DAN FUNGSI)
Authors: Emelina Emelina , Zubaidah Zubaidah
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang Tugu Tabuik Pariaman (Bentuk, Penempatan, dan fungsi) Penelitian ini berlokasi di kota Pariaman Sumatra Barat dengan penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan lapangan, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Untuk menganalisis data dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data, mereduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Untuk menguji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian tugu tabuik Pariaman adalah bentuk yang terdapat pada tugu (1) bentuk alas bawah tugu (2) tiang pondasi tugu (3) pagar pengaman tugu (4) alas bagian atas tugu (5) bentuk tabuik. Penempatan tugu tabuik berdiri dan bagian-bagian yang terdapat dalam tabuik dan tugu tabuik. Kemudian fungsi yang terdapat dalam tugu tabuik Pariaman baik fungsi sosial, fungsi budaya, dan fungsi spritual. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentuk yang terdapat pada tugu tabuik di kota Pariaman merupakan tiruan atau replika dari tabuik di Pariaman yang memiliki bentuk-bentuk alami (seperti figur hewan, figur manusia, tumbuhan, bunga, buah-buahan, batu, dan kayu). Juga bentuk geometris (seperti lingkaran, oval, persegi, dan trapesium). Penempatan dalam tugu tabuik Pariaman bersifat adat istiadat, agama, kehidupan, simbolis serta kebiasaan. Fungsi yang terkandung dalam tugu tabuik Pariaman yaitu fungsi sosial, fungsi budaya, fungsi hiyas, dan fungsi spritual.Kata kunci : tugu, budaya, bentuk, penempata, fungsi
POHON BERINGIN SEBAGAI SIMBOL KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL DALAM KARYA SENI LUKIS REALIS KONTEMPORER
Authors: Sukarna Kefvin , Hafiz Abd
Published: November 2022

Penciptaan karya akhir ini menggambarkan objek pohon beringin terkait fenomena sosial dalam masyarakat sekarang, menjadi karya lukis realis kontemporer. Metode dan proses pembuatan karya yang dipakai dalam penciptaan karya lukis ini yaitu melalui beberapa langkah seperti, Persiapan, Elaborasi, Sintesis, Realisai konsep, dan Penyelesaian. Hasil dari pembahasan merupakan visualisasi dari kegelisahan dan keperihatinan terhadap masalah yang sedang terjadi dalam kehidupan sosial masyarakat saat ini, pembuatan karya berjumlah 10 yang berjudul : (1) Penopang Kehidupan, (2) Mencoba kuat, (3) harmony, (4) Melindungi, (5) Dari Dasar, (6) Pendirian, (7) Keadilan, (8) Tanggung Jawab, (9) Memperbaiki, (10) Baik dan Buruk. Kata kunci: Pohon Beringin, Sikap, Perilaku,Lukis Realis Kontemporer
BUNGA MATAHARI SEBAGAI SIMBOL CERIA DALAM KARYA LUKIS REALIS KONTEMPORER
Authors: Desmita Ayu , Hafiz Abd.
Published: November 2022

The aim of making this final artwork is to provide information on social phenomena by visualizing sunflowers as a cheerful symbol in a contemporary realist painting style. So that everyone can get lessons and motivation from nature, while applying the technical skills of painting and deepening the concept of work. The method used in the final work is the preparation stage, the elaboration stage, the synthesis stage, the concept realization stage, the completion stage. So that there were ten works visualizing sunflowers with the following titles: The first work, "Optimist". Second, "Spirit". Third, "Friendly". Fourth, "Firm". Fifth, "Charismatic". Sixth, "Tough". Seventh, "Identical". Eighth, "Submit". Ninth, "Loyalty". Tenth, "Young soul".Kata kunci: Simbol , Bunga Matahari, Lukis Realis Kontemporer
屈原哲學思想及與孟子之比較
Authors: 王 志
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

在天人關係的問題上，屈原并不曾懷疑天與善人的成説，且注意到了天行有時；在人性論上，屈原與孟子一樣主張性善，亦認爲惡起於人之不修；在養氣養勇方面，屈原與孟子都堅持守正，但孟子强調順時，而屈原設有定心，孟子尚權變，屈原主不遷；屈原尚“清”，《遠游》之意不在求羽化，亦在乎尚“清”。

With regard to the relationship between humanity and Heaven, Qu Yuan never questioned the accepted belief that Heaven supported good people, while also recognizing that there was a due time for Heaven to act. With regard to the question of human nature, Qu Yuan and Mencius both held the belief that human nature was good, and that evil results from lack of moral cultivation. With regard to cultivating one’s vital essence and courage, Qu Yuan and Mencius both maintained that it was matter of upholding propriety, but Mencius emphasized the importance of timing, while Qu Yuan focused on having a resolute mind. Mencius valued compromise in accordance with circumstances, while Qu Yuan argued for constancy to one’s values. Qu Yuan upheld the virtue of purity (qing), and the “Far Roaming” (Yuan you) is not so much about the quest for immortality as it is about preserving purity.
魔鬼在細節中———王漁洋研究與“手抄本文化”
Authors: 嚴 志雄
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文結合中國傳統詩學、書畫藝術與“手抄本文化”研究的一些觀念，探討有關清初著名詩人王士禛成名作《秋柳詩四首》的一幅圖卷。由“社會能動性”的角度重新審視此圖卷的製作、畫圖上的内容、觀看的活動，可突顯相關圖像、文字在“公”、“私”領域中錯綜複雜的交涉互動，以及“意義”的流動不居。此一新的體認，將問題化過往對“真假”、“虚構”、“歷史性”等義域的認識與堅持。

Informed by the studies of classical Chinese poetry, calligraphy and painting, and recent theory of “manuscript culture,” this paper examines a painting scroll in relation to “Four Poems on Autumn Willows” by the early Qing, canonical poet Wang Shizhen. It reconsiders the production and contents of the painting scroll and the act of viewing from the perspective of “social agency,” highlights the intricate interaction and negotiation between images and words in the private and public spheres, and exposes the fluidity of meaning therein. This awareness problematizes conventional views on true or false, fictionality, and historicity, etc.
戰争意識規範下的“文藝戰鬥隊”———文工團的歷史考察及其功能闡釋
Authors: 郭 國昌
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

文工團是應革命戰争的需要産生的，在延安文藝座談會召開後成爲解放區文學體制的構成要素。延安文藝座談會召開前，解放區的文工團以“民族主義”爲社團宗旨，社團活動以帶有個人主義傾向的文藝創造爲中心。延安文藝座談會召開後，解放區的文工團以無産階級意識形態爲社團宗旨，社團活動以文藝演出、政治宣傳、戰地救護爲主體。由於解放區後期文工團的社團活動的意識形態引導性，它自然變成了解放區文學體制的規範力量。

The Art Ensemble was established in the context of the Chinese Revolutionary War and became a vital element in the literary institutions of the liberated area after the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art. Before the Yan’an Forum, the Art Ensemble in the liberated area took “nationalism” as its major objective and its activities were centered on the individualistic creation of literature and art. After the Forum, though, the Art Ensemble in the liberated area took proletarian ideology as its directive and its activities were centered on theatrical performances, political propaganda and battlefield assistance. Because of the ideological tendency of its activities, the Art Ensemble naturally developed into the dominant force in the literary institutions of the liberated area.
東亞文人筆談研究的回顧與展望
Authors: 張 伯偉
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

19世紀中葉以前的東亞地區，是一個漢文化圈的所在。其中的一項重要標誌是，在這個文化圈中的知識人，都能够運用漢字進行著述和交流，並且以此爲榮。當東亞各國的文人面對面交流的時候，就産生了一種特别的方式———筆談。“筆談”一詞，顧名思義就是用筆而不用舌、用文字而不用語言的交談。狹義的“筆談”，特指同文不同語的兩國或兩國以上人士會面之時，用書寫文字代替語言來進行溝通交流的一種方式。本文所要討論的，就屬於狹義的“筆談”，討論的時段下限是20世紀以前。文章著重回顧了筆談文獻的整理和研究狀況，並對其得失予以評騭，在此基礎上，提出了研究展望，强調了“作爲方法的漢文化圈”。

Before the mid-nineteenth century, the East Asian area was a Chinese cultural circle. One important indicator is the fact that all the intellectuals of this cultural circle could use Chinese characters to write and to communicate. And, they took pride in it. When the literati of East Asia communicated face to face, a special means was employed, namely “brush talk.” The term “brush talk” literally means communicating with the writing brush rather than the tongue, with characters rather than language. In a narrow sense, it refers specifically to the method of communication that is conducted via the written language instead of spoken language at a meeting between people from two or more countries who share a common writing form but differ in speaking. The present essay discusses “brush talk” in its narrow sense. The period of its discussion is no later than the twentieth century. It reviews and evaluates the documented history and scholarship of “brush talks. “On this basis, we put forth our scholarly prospects and emphasize “the Chinese cultural circle as a method.”
道教鎮魂儀式視野下的《封神演義》的一側面
Authors: 田仲 一成
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

小説《封神演義》，常常被編爲戲曲，也在戲臺上演出。尤其是在江西、湖南、四川等徽州商人或江西商人的商圈之内，與《岳飛精忠傳》、《觀音出身傳》、《西遊記》等一起，跟《目連救母劇》配合而作爲其開路性戲曲演出的機會實在不少。其原因在哪裏？其實，這《封神演義》之中，許多陣亡英雄被引魂使者柏鑑招引到封神臺，最後由主角姜子牙授予天界的地位而被安慰其怨恨。這種宗教救濟（鎮魂儀式）跟《目連救母劇》中許多孤魂冤鬼被目連尊者安慰而超升到天界的結構極爲相似。因此横溢道教思想的這篇神魔小説得到配合在以佛教爲主的目連戲一起演出。本文依靠四川目連戲的例子研討其具體的演出情況。

The novel Investiture of God Status was often adapted as a drama and performed on stage. This was especially the case among the circles of merchants from Huizhou or Jiangxi in Jiangxi, Hu’nan, Sichuan, etc. Along with other novels, such as Yue Fei the Patriot, The Devotion of Guanyin and Journey to the West, it was always combined with A Play on Mulian Saving His Mother and became new drama performed on stage. What was the reason for this phenomenon? In fact, in Investiture of God Status the spirits of many heroes who died in battles were summoned by Bojian to the Terrace of Investiture of God Status, where Jiang Ziya pacified their grievances by granting them status in the realm of heaven. This kind of religious salvation (rituals of pacifying spirits) shares significant similarities with the repertoire structure in plays of “Mulian saving his mother,” in which many forlorn spirits and wronged ghosts are consoled by Saint Mulian and thereby transcend to heaven. Hence Investiture of God Status, a novel about gods and demons which carries rich Daoist thought, became a counterpart of the Buddhist-orientated plays about Mulian and was performed at the same time. The present essay discusses its performances based on the examples from Sichuan province.