bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moral Issues About Animals
Authors: Orlans F Barbara , Beauchamp Tom L , Dresser Rebecca , Morton David B , Gluck John P
Published: November 2023

In a famous public dispute between Juan Gines de Sepulveda and Bartolome de Las Casas in 1550 and 1551, questions about the lawfulness of the Spanish conquest of American Indians were formally debated. Sepulveda argued that the Indians were idolatrous, sinful, and less than fully human. Las Casas regarded the conquests as violations of natural justice, viewed the Indians as fully human, and saw love and kindness as the only legitimate forces for dealing with them. As the debate wore on, it became ever clearer that it was centrally about whether the Indians were human or subhuman and about whether Europeans could throw off all ordinary restraints of justice and humanity in their interactions with the Indians. Many believe that today’s debates about human-animal interactions are fundamentally similar: The issues are about whether the nonhuman nature of other animals is morally relevant, and if it is relevant, what humanity and justice permit us to do with animals. But even this way of framing the questions is subject to the most spirited controversy. Many people think that questions of humanity and justice have nothing to do with deciding the permissibility of our treatment of animals. The cases in this book are intended as a source of reflection on these and many other questions about human-nonhuman interactions. The cases, all recent, have emerged from areas of public policy and professional practice in the use and treatment of animals.
Patenting animals: the harvard “oncomouse”
Authors: Orlans F Barbara , Beauchamp Tom L , Dresser Rebecca , Morton David B , Gluck John P
Published: November 2023

On April 12, 1988, Harvard University received the first patent ever issued for a multicellular living organism. Harvard applied for the patent after two researchers, Dr. Philip Leder and Dr. Timothy Stewart, developed the “oncomouse.” The mouse was genetically engineered to make it unusually susceptible to cancer.1 The United States Patent Office extended the patent beyond the genetically altered mice created by the Harvard scientists to cover any mammalian species in which the same genetic techniques were performed.2 To produce the oncomouse, Leder and Stewart first extracted a gene (the “oncogene”) linked to cancer in many mammals, including humans. They then inserted the oncogene into a fertilized mouse egg, using a technique called microinjection. Next, they implanted the fertilized egg into an adult female mouse made receptive to pregnancy through hormonal treatment. The female mouse gave birth to offspring with the oncogene as part of their genetic makeup. Because they possess genes from sources other than their natural parents, the oncomice are called “transgenic” animals. The oncogene becomes part of the genetic material that the transgenic animals may pass on to their own offspring.
Apes and Language: Washoe and Her Successors
Authors: Orlans F Barbara , Beauchamp Tom L , Dresser Rebecca , Morton David B , Gluck John P
Published: November 2023

Washoe is a chimpanzee who was the first great ape-a classification that includes chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans-to be taught American Sign Language (ASL), a gestural language used by deaf people to communicate. Washoe’s history is as remarkable as the moral problems raised by that history. WASHOE’S HISTOR Washoe spent her early years in the household of R. Allen and Beatrix T. Gardner, who were part of an ape language research project sponsored by the University of Nevada. The Gardners provided Washoe with an environment and routine quite similar to that given a typical human child. Under natural conditions, chimpanzees rely on their mothers for most needs until they are between two and three years old. When she came to the Gardner house, Washoe was only a baby: “She did not have her first canines or molars, her eye-hand coordination was rudimentary, she could only crawl about, and she slept a good deal.”2 She was taught to eat and drink with human utensils, as well as to dress and use the toilet. She was given typical children’s toys, and exhibited a special affinity for dolls and.
Monkeys Without Mothers
Authors: Orlans F Barbara , Beauchamp Tom L , Dresser Rebecca , Morton David B , Gluck John P
Published: November 2023

Following approximately a six-month gestational period, a pregnant female rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) begins to show evidence of the imminent birth of her infant. If she lives in a natural environment like a forest in southeast Asia, she starts to change her usual activity patterns and may move away from the typical social pathways of her group to more secluded and quieter parts of the environment. Her group will likely be comprised of many other adult females, males, and immature animals of varying ages and temperaments. As the time of birth nears, she shows evidence of labor by hunching, squatting, leaning on vertical surfaces, and touching her vagina frequently. As the labor progresses, the placental sac ruptures and the head of the infant eventually emerges from the birth canal. The mother then reaches between her legs with both hands, carefully grasps the head of the baby with her fingertips, makes a gentle bending movement to the right or left and then firmly pulls the infant free. She immediately places the newborn on her chest.1 The rhesus monkey infant is born equipped with strong grasping, rooting, and sucking reflexes which help to secure it to the mother and help it to locate the nipples and to suckle.
Veal Crates And Human Palates
Authors: Orlans F Barbara , Beauchamp Tom L , Dresser Rebecca , Morton David B , Gluck John P
Published: November 2023

On 1 February 1995, Coventry Airport in England was alive with animal welfare campaigners protesting the transport of very young calves to Europe to be reared for veal. The animal protesters were persons of all ages and backgrounds, even old-age pensioners. Some watched animal rights protester Jill Phipps try to block the path of a large transport truck by running alongside it and finally cutting in front of the truck and raising her hands. To their horror, she slipped and was crushed to death as the wheels ran over her chest and belly. Just before her death she had given an interview and said, “We will continue even if someone gets hurt. Someone will eventually be hurt.m This 31-year old mother became a martyr for her cause. Her funeral some weeks later was attended by representatives of many animal rights and animal welfare organizations. Even the movie star and animal rights campaigner Brigitte Bardot flew from France to attend the ceremony.
Determinants of Injuries
Authors: Barss Peter , Smith Gordon S , Baker Susan P , Mohan Dinesh
Published: November 2023

Analysis of specific determinants for different types of injuries is an essential element of injury control. Before this analysis, priority injuries must be identified on the basis of mortality, morbidity, and cost. The most important groups of injuries are then subjected to more detailed studies of their circumstances. When the circumstances of injuries are known, it is easier to identify determinants susceptible to modification and develop appropriate interventions. The probability of an injury for an individual is affected by the following circumstances: In assessing the circumstances of different types of injuries, the above list can be used as a framework for systematic consideration of each of the major categories of determinants.
Introduction
Authors: Hiskes Richard P
Published: November 2023

Two concepts dominate the political consciousness and even the popular culture of many societies today. They are ideas sharing an association at least since the seventeenth century and arguably backward to the time of the ancient Greeks. Today their individual definitions rely, I argue, on a curious symbiosis, and both their definitions (and therefore their relationship) are currently in a state of evolution and flux. They are the concepts of democracy and risk. The following chapters explore their present interrelationship as a defining aspect of modern political and social culture.
Risk and the Redefinition of Politics
Authors: Hiskes Richard P
Published: November 2023

The three concepts in the title of this book could be juxtaposed in a variety of ways yielding widely different meanings. “The Democratic Community at Risk” darkly presages a threat to communities or to their democratic constitutions. “The Risk of Democratic Community” seems a warning about either the practices of democracy or the ties of community. “Community Assumes Risks of Democracy” trumpets a political headline of our time, in which all three elements seem laudatory, heroic, comforting. Democracy, risk, and community are essentially contested ideas of today’s political world, and the possible permutations in their juxtaposition go far in setting the parameters of contemporary political discourse. The meaning of these terms both individually and in combination is often at the heart of current political disputes between political leaders, between leaders and citizens, and between citizens themselves. From issues of war and peace to disputes about land use and “the conquest of bread,” politics today demarcates the boundaries of communities, distributes risk, and claims procedures to be democratic.
Risk, Self-Interest, and the New Technology of Rights
Authors: Hiskes Richard P
Published: November 2023

By giving rise to the authority of ends, emergent risks and the politics they spawn have altered both the political and moral content of liberal theory. Politically, citizens who see themselves as ends in themselves, and who are confronting the dis quieting consequences or risky ends of technology’s implementation, tend, as we have seen, to seek the legalistic assurances that victory in the adversarial process of the court system can provide. In the heart of that process beats the idea of rights, and upon it is built the conception of individual autonomy that within risk politics challenges liberal authority. Risk policy as a result is most often made-if made at all-in court on the bases of judgments concerning the balancing of individual and collective rights.
Risk and Responsibility
Authors: Hiskes Richard P
Published: November 2023

Jeremy Waldron’s exploration of rights concludes that, in terms of providing a complete moral theory, no theory of rights is capable of standing on its own. Many human relationships, including those among families and between intimate friends, are easily destroyed if some or all partners become too concerned with entitlements due them from the others involved. These relationships demand something other and more-than mere respect for rights, and it is the responsibility of all involved to recognize what more is needed for a healthy relationship. Somewhat hopefully, Waldron speculates that perhaps the role of rights in such communal webs of reciprocity is to clear some space for “each individual to take upon himself the responsibility for molding and constructing a life with others and of providing the social and spiritual conditions that make that responsibility possible.”
Democratic Politics and Participatory Risks
Authors: Hiskes Richard P
Published: November 2023

Throughout the foregoing chapters I have presented two arguments concerning the nature and impact of modern technological risks. First, I have suggested that if we are ever successfully to make policy for them, we need to realize the changed nature of these risks. No longer solely recognizable as the product of individual choices, modern risks should be viewed as emergent phenomena that resist reduction for explanatory or policy-making purposes to the individual actors, decisions, and environmental responses that together produce them. Second, I have recounted how, in the presence of such risks, political discourse has been transformed in a variety of ways, as citizens, experts, and politicians grope for policy solutions that commingle moral, technical, and political considerations. This discursive transformation is due to the alteration of the relevant terms of public speech brought about by the politics of risk. Within risk politics, core political concepts-including risk it self-have become matters of contention, disagreement, and, in some cases, of redefinition. As we have dealt with several of these terms of liberal political discourse-politics, consent, authority, rights, and responsibility-we have learned how disputes over risk policy have become battles over what these concepts are to mean in contemporary politics. Thus, the politics of risk has produced conceptual disputes over the definitions of risk and of some of the most basic concepts of liberal politics.
A Commentary on Schenker’s Free Composition
Authors: Schachter Carl
Published: November 2023

Heinrich Schenker’s Der freie Satz is surely one of the most important books on music in the entire Western tradition; it is also one of the most difficult. Free Composition is the late Ernst Oster’s magnificent English translation of this work, amplified by extremely helpful annotations, most of them by Oster himself, but some by Oswald Jonas, who edited the second German edition, and by John Rothgeb, who checked the translation after Oster’s untimely death.
General Linear Models
Authors: Selvin Steve
Published: November 2023

The data in Table 4.1 are pairs of measurements of body weights and diastolic blood pressures recorded on 34 heavy men. Even with as few as 34 observations, it is useful to summarize the relationship between two variables. Figure 4.1 shows the results of five approaches among the numerous ways to summarize pairs of observations.
Analysis of Variance and Some Other S-Functions
Authors: Selvin Steve
Published: November 2023

Analysis of variance is a special case of a general linear model where the dependent variable is continuous and the independent variables are categorical. This specialized statistical structure makes no real difference in principle. As before, the S-function glm{) can be used to evaluate differing analytic linear models by comparing specific residual deviances. However, differences exist in language and style so that separate S-fimctions are available particularly tailored to the analysis of variance approach. The following focuses on a few of the simplest but important data collection designs and the corresponding analysis of variance techniques.
Rates, Life Tables, and Survival
Authors: Selvin Steve
Published: November 2023

A rate is an instantaneous quantity measuring a change per unit time defined mathematically in terms of the derivative of a function. In fields such as epidemiology and medicine a rate is usually calculated to assess risk and is almost always an approximate average rate.
Introduction
Authors: Burgess-Jackson Keith
Published: November 2023

The title of this anthology derives from a posthumously published work by Sir Matthew Hale, a seventeenth-century English jurist who has been described as “the most eminent lawyer and judge of his time.” 2 Hale, who served as Chief Justice of the King’s Bench from 1671 to 1676 (the year of his death), did as much as anyone in his day (or afterward) to articulate, and in some cases to transform, the law of rape, which was by then several centuries old.It may surprise the reader to learn that Hale’s imprint on the law of rape remains-more than three hundred years after his death and in jurisdictions (such as Utah and Missouri) that he could not have imagined, much less sought to influence.
When Good Sex Turns Bad
Authors: Lemoncheck Linda
Published: November 2023

The point of view of men up to this time, called objective, has been to distinguish sharply between rape on the one hand and intercourse on the other; sexual harassment on the one hand and normal, ordinary sexual initiation on the other . . . [But] [w]hat women experience does not so clearly distinguish the normal, everyday things from those abuses from which they have been defined by distinction . . . What we are saying is that sexuality in exactly these normal forms often does violate us.
The Difference Debate
Authors: Davion Victoria
Published: November 2023

Supposed differences between women and men have given rise to “the difference debate” in feminist jurisprudence. The debate concerns whether women’s interests are better protected by laws adhering to a strict doctrine of formal equality, seen as gender neutrality, or by laws trying to take certain differences between men and women into account. It has centered around issues concerning divorce and pregnancy. However, it is also discussed in relation to laws governing sexual assault.1 In a recent controversial article, “Date Rape: A Feminist Analysis,” Lois Pineau has argued that the law can protect women better against nonaggravated date rape by regarding sex from “a woman’s point of view” (1996). I shall examine her argument along with charges that her position is essentialist and should therefore be dismissed. I shall argue for the following conclusions: Pineau’s position is essentialist, but this is not what is wrong with it. Some essentialist claims can be strategically appropriate, so noticing essentialism should not be grounds for automatic dismissal of positions, particularly ones aimed at public policy. However, I shall argue that Pineau’s key insight, that we need a shift in attitudes so as to hold sexual aggressors responsible for actively ensuring that partners are consenting, is better achieved without appeals to “a woman’s point of view.” Hence, I shall offer an alternative argument for shifting attitudes based on a minimum standard of sexual decency and show how this approach is better able to handle some key objections that have been made against Pineau.
Neuropathology
Authors: Scheithauer Bernd W , Reagan Thomas J
Published: November 2023

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetically determined, variably ex pressed, multisystem disorder that manifests as hamartias (tubers and het erotopias in the central nervous system [CNS]), benign hamartomatous growths (subependymal nodules), and malignant-behaving lesions (hamartoblastomas) with many features of neoplasms. As a rule, the latter do not occur in the CNS but take the form of rarely occurring clear cell carcinomas of the kidney. Just where subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) fit into this scheme is uncertain in that malignant examples are very rare.
The Endocrine System in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Zimmerman Donald
Published: November 2023

The endocrine glands are infrequently reported to be affected in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Three patterns of endocrine gland involvement have been seen in TSC: (1) tumor growth in endocrine glands not associated with an increased number of hormone-producing cells or in creased secretion from the gland (i.e., angiomyolipoma, a nonfunctioning mesodermal hamartoma); (2) hypothalamic dysfunction without demonstrable hypothalamic tumor; and (3) proliferation of hormone-producing tissue in the adrenal glands, thyroid, gonads, pancreatic islets, parathyroid glands, or pituitary gland.
Progress Toward Balanced Long-Term Care Systems
Authors: Kane Rosalie A , Kane Robert L , Ladd Richard C
Published: November 2023

We have repeatedly stressed that long-term care policies are invented and implemented at state and local levels. Thus, state governments are the entities that have been handed, and in various ways have risen to, the challenge of developing operational long-term care programs. Although many state officials and health and human service providers are dedicated to the mission of fashioning long-term care services that conform to the evident human need and administering those services fairly, they have been hampered by the barriers described in Chapter 3. They all contend with financial pressures on state governments, rigid federal program definitions, and limits to their own ability to imagine an entirely new philosophy that could transform long-term care.
The Burden of Sympathy
Authors: Karp David A
Published: November 2023

What are the limits of sympathy in dealing with another person’s troubles? Where do we draw the line between caring for a loved one, and being swallowed up emotionally by the obligation to do so? Quite simply, what do we owe each other? In this vivid and thoughtful study, David Karp chronicles the experiences of the family members of the mentally ill, and how they draw “boundaries of sympathy” to avoid being engulfed by the day-to-day suffering of a loved one. Working from sixty extensive interviews, the author reveals striking similarities in the experiences of caregivers: the feelings of shame, fear, guilt and powerlessness in the face of a socially stigmatized illness; the frustration of navigating the complex network of bureaucracies that govern the mental health system; and most of all, the difficulty negotiating an “appropriate” level of involvement with the mentally ill loved one while maintaining enough distance for personal health. Throughout the narratives, Karp sensitively explores the overarching question of how people strike an equilibrium between reason and emotion, between head and heart, when caring for a catastrophically ill person. The Burden of Sympathy concludes with a critical look at what it means to be a moral and caring person at the turn of the century in America, when powerful cultural messages spell out two contradictory imperatives: pursue personal fulfillment at any cost and care for the family at any cost. An insightful, deeply caring look at mental illness and at the larger picture of contemporary values, The Burden of Sympathy is required reading for caregivers of all kinds, and for anyone seeking broader understanding of human responsibility in the postmodern world.
Illness and Obligation
Authors: Karp David A
Published: November 2023

The sequence of events beginning nearly four years ago in Leslie’s life was not unlike the plot in a Steven King novel. At first, the incidences seemed pretty insignificant, although each did cause momentary wonder and worry. After a slightly unsettling event, life returns to its normal, relatively uncomplicated rhythm. At a point, though, the disturbing events become more frequent and seem to constitute a pattern. Characters may now begin to confide uneasy feelings to each other about what has been happening, while finding ways to deny that anything is badly amiss. At a point, the scary problems become so intrusive that the now badly frightened characters know something must be terribly wrong, although they still can’t comprehend what is going on. They begin an earnest search for answers, but the underlying cause of the expanding strangeness eludes them. Finally, such awful events occur that life becomes a frantic effort to solve, escape, or somehow eradicate the clear horror that now dominates every waking moment, even haunting their dreams.
Bearing Responsibility
Authors: Karp David A
Published: November 2023

When Nancy announced that she and her husband were actually finalizing plans for a two-week vacation to Florida, her Family and Friends supporters spontaneously applauded. The topic of vacations, Nancy’s in particular, was often discussed in the MDDA group. The conversation was always about the difficulty family members had in leaving home, even for a week or so, because they couldn’t stop worrying about what might happen in their absence. Parents tried to persuade each other that since they could not stop their ill children from unraveling even when close by, they logically ought to be able to go on vacation. However, many, like Nancy, could not bring themselves to do it. In those conversations Nancy often expressed the group’s collective sentiment when she said, “I would never forgive myself if anything were to happen while I was gone.” Like others, Nancy had real cause for worry. Her forty-two-year-old daughter had been first hospitalized two years earlier after a suicide attempt left her comatose. Diane survived, although with brain damage, and, still suicidal, has been in a hospital ever since. At age seventy-two, Nancy is especially distraught because “these are the years that, you know, were supposed to be our good years, and she has totally destroyed them.”
Surviving the System
Authors: Karp David A
Published: November 2023

My interviews followed a general pattern. After a little light banter, I told folks about the intentions of my work. I affirmed that I would never breach their confidentiality. I also explained that they should feel absolutely free to say if any of my questions felt “out of bounds.” Once I started taping our talk, I asked a few who-are-you type questions about religion, occupation, age, family structure, and the like. Ordinarily, my first substantive question asked respondents to try recalling the very first moment it entered their consciousness that something was wrong with their spouse, parent, sibling, or child. Although such a global invitation normally got things going, respondents were nevertheless tentative during the first forty-five minutes, or so, of the interview. Understandably, they wanted to get a better sense of my purposes, the nature of my questions, my capacity to listen, and the authenticity of my interest. Nearly always, the conversation became freer, deeper, more spontaneous, and less self-conscious during the last two-thirds of our talk.
Caring in Postmodern America
Authors: Karp David A
Published: November 2023

Among our commitments that seem least negotiable are those to our immediate family. Presumably, moral persons will look after kin no matter what. However, this expectation rubs against the equally powerful cultural idea that we should be free to fulfill our personal desires. Wally Lamb’s recent novel, I Know This Much Is True, centers on the lifelong connections between two identical twin brothers, one of whom succumbs to schizophrenia in his late teens.1 Much of the novel is about the binding commitment between Dominick and his sick brother, Thomas. The tension throughout the book is between caring and freedom, between fulfilling a commitment to a brother and realizing one’s own aspirations. With an artist’s rendering, Lamb gets at the complicated, opposed, and profoundly distressing feelings that arise when caregivers cannot resolve the conflict between the moral mandates to care for a family member and personal freedom.
“A Tear is an Intellectual Thing”
Authors: Neu Jerome
Published: November 2023

Why do we cry? My short answer is: because we think. But of course, we may also sometimes cry because we have stubbed our toe or, as in the case of at least one baby I know, because we have gas.1 And the most natural answer is that we cry because we are sad, or grieving, or ashamed, or otherwise upset—that is, as an expression of emotion—but then one wonders just how the experience of emotions connects to the alternatives already mentioned. Are emotions, as a source of tears, closer to thinking or to gas; are they more like occasions of thought or occasions of physical pain? And why is it that other animals do not cry (assuming for the moment that they do not)? Do they not think? Do they not think sad thoughts? Surely they can suffer, whatever they may or may not think. Is lacrimal secretion a tear only on a human face? My short answer needs elaboration.
Jealous Thoughts
Authors: Neu Jerome
Published: November 2023

Psychological problems are sometimes in some ways logical problems. Our lives do not simply fall apart, they collapse in structured ways, and the fault lines are marked by our concepts. Our ways of understanding and describing our psychological states often reveal (and sometimes limit) the potentials in those states themselves, the potentials both for development and for disorder. That this should be so may be explained through considering the roles of our concepts and beliefs in constituting our emotions and other mental states (Neu 1977). In this context, it is especially instructive to consider jealousy: partly because of its internal complexity, partly because of the richness of its conceptual surroundings, and partly because of its independent interest. That it has such rich surroundings, that we make such a wealth of fine discriminations in the area of jealousy (envy, resentment, indignation, Schadenfreude, begrudging, malice, spite, ill will, hatred, ingratitude, revenge, hostility, possessiveness, mistrust, suspicion, and so on indefinitely), is itself a sign of its interest and importance.
Odi Et Amo: On Hating The Ones We Love
Authors: Neu Jerome
Published: November 2023

Catullus, in the midst of his unhappy affair with the woman he called Lesbia, wrote a two-line poem, beginning in Latin “Odi et amo”: “I hate and love. Why I do so, perhaps you ask. / I know not, but I feel it, and I am in torment.”1 He is not alone in his experience, his pain, or his confusion. How can it be, and why should it be that, to vary Oscar Wilde’s formulation, each man (and woman) hates the thing he (or she) loves?
Fantasy and Memory: The Etiological Role of Thoughts according to Freud
Authors: Neu Jerome
Published: November 2023

“Hysterics suffer mainly from reminiscences” (1895d, 7). This early formulation, though it underwent drastic revision as Freud’s psychoanalytic thought developed, contains two elements that remained central. It places one source of psychological disorder in thoughts, and it treats the hysteric as somehow the victim of his or her past. The hysteric is unfree, a prisoner of individual history. The maxim brings the past into play through thoughts, specifically thoughts about the past, that is, memories. That our past can influence our present behavior in devious ways is an important insight, that one of those ways is through thoughts proves an even more important insight. A cluster of questions arises around these points. Is it actually our past, or (better) our actual past, that influences our behavior in the areas Freud discusses? How is one to distinguish the causal efficacy of reality and fantasy? Is their efficacy “causal”? How and why is “memory” brought in as intermediary? How is one to distinguish memory of reality, memory of fantasy, and fantasy of memory? And do any of these distinctions matter to the individual’s unfreedom and the possibilities of overcoming it? In this essay I will be taking only some first steps toward answering these questions.
Life-Lies and Pipe Dreams: Self-Deception in Ibsen’s The Wild Duck and O’Neill’s The Iceman Cometh
Authors: Neu Jerome
Published: November 2023

Philosophers have a bias in favor of the truth; and we are not alone. That honesty is the best policy is supposed to be a truism. Certainly in our time sincerity and authenticity have assumed a place of unusual importance in the conduct of people’s lives, the search for and the expression of the “true” self having become the central preoccupation of many: whether adolescents in quest of identity, or psychologists urging we heed the insights of schizophrenics, or philosophers contemplating the meaning of life and the possibilities for freedom. Amidst such assumptions, Ibsen and O’Neill provide disturbing arguments suggesting that selfdeception may not always be bad, and that those who seek to undeceive others may not always be doing good. That these arguments take the form of plays is itself revealing: the position of the audience in a play provides an additional perspective on the lives portrayed, making for a contrast between what the audience knows and what the characters know, and it is perhaps only the fullness of characterization and of dramatization of circumstances that literature allows that can bring out the costs and benefits of knowledge and self-knowledge. The usual stark, isolated examples (often set on desert islands) of moral philosophers may leave out just those things which make a difference.
Cellular Automata, Life, and the Universe
Authors: Mitchell Melanie
Published: November 2023

A recent article in Science magazine, called “Getting the Behavior of Social Insects to Compute,” described the work of a group of entomologists who characterize the behavior of ant colonies as “computer algorithms,” with each individual ant running a simple program that allows the colony as a whole to perform a complex computation, such as reaching a consensus on when and where to move the colony’s nest.
Information Processing in Living Systems
Authors: Mitchell Melanie
Published: November 2023

Ever since Szilard’s insight that information might be the savior of the second law of thermodynamics from the attack of Maxwell’s demon, information and its cousin computation have increasingly infiltrated science. In many people’s minds information has taken on an ontological status equal to that of mass and energy—namely, as a third primitive component of reality. In biology in particular, the description of living systems as information processing networks has become commonplace. In fact, the term information processing is so widely used that one would think it has a well-understood, agreed-upon meaning, perhaps built on Shannon’s formal definition of information. However, like several other central terms of complex systems science, the concept of information processing tends to be ill-defined; it’s often hard to glean what is meant by information processing or computation when they are taken out of the precise formal context defined by Turing machines and von Neumann-style computers. The work described in the previous chapter was an attempt to address this issue in the context of cellular automata.

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the notion of information processing or computation in living systems. I describe three different natural systems in which information processing seems to play a leading role—the immune system, ant colonies, and cellular metabolism—and attempt to illuminate the role of information and computation in each. At the end I attempt to articulate some common qualitative principles of information processing in these and other decentralized systems.
Applying Network Science to Real-World Networks
Authors: Mitchell Melanie
Published: November 2023

According to my search on the Google Scholar Web site, at the time of this writing over 14,000 academic papers on small-world or scale-free networks have been published in the last five years (since 2003), nearly 3,000 in the last year alone. I did a scan of the first 100 or so titles in the list and found that 11 different disciplines are represented, ranging from physics and computer science to geology and neuroscience. I’m sure that the range of disciplines I found would grow substantially if I did a more comprehensive scan. In this chapter I survey some diverse examples of real-world networks and discuss how advances in network science are influencing the way scientists think about networks in many disciplines.
Introduction
Authors: Ferris David
Published: November 2023

As the title of this book suggests, it is concerned both with the genre of the Romantic cycle in general and with Robert Schumann’s Eichendorff Liederkreid, opus 39, in particular. Scholarly studies that are focused on musical works, or on works of art in any field, almost always provoke the same vexing question: Is the objective to discover what it is that is engaging and unique about the single work and that sets it apart from every other artistic creation? Or is the work at hand an example, the study of which will, we hope, lead to the formulation of general principles that can apply to all of the works in a given genre, or by a given artist, or from a given time and place? Gerard Genette comments on this conundrum in the preface to his book Narrative Didcourde: An Edday in Method, a study of both narrative method and Proust s A la recherche da tempd perdu, and confesses his reluctance, or perhaps his inability, to choose either of these “apparently incompatible” explanations of his approach. He cannot imagine treating “the specificity of Proustian narrative” as an example of anything other than itself. However, although his study is an analysis of this specific narrative, each of the individual elements that his analysis uncovers “lends itself to some connection, comparison, or putting into perspective.” Genette fatalistically concludes: “I must therefore recognize that by seeking the specific I find the universal, and that by wishing to put theory at the service of criticism I putcriticism, against my will, at the service of theory.”
Excerpt from Morgan’s Acid Test
Authors: Craddock William J
Published: November 2023

stayed home alone for two days and practiced doing nothing. slowing down at last to only a couple of notches past normal. at which time I slept. On the morning of the third day I woke up to a holy quiet that brought tomind visions of postcard Christmases and gently falling snow. I savored the peaceful hum of silence and almost convince myself that during the night the end had come and now. outside. The world was reverent and at peace and saved. I heard a diesel on the high way. but it sounded a long way off-droning along slow-an honest. satisfy ing rumble in the distance like I used to hear them late at night when I was a littler kid. lying awake warm and secure. wondering where they were going. dreaming myself inside the cab driving all night till sunrise on the road in some rough. He-man place like Montana. where I would get out of my truck (named Road Eater-a name I’d heard from a friend whose father was a trucker) at a truck-stop and greet all the men inside. who knew me by my rep utation as a hard-drivin-man. and smile my craggy smile at the beautiful Span ish waitress (who also knew me well) and drink my coffee and smoke a slow cigarette while trading stories of Deadmans curve and burned-out brakes with the other harddrivin truckers before climbing back into my dusty rig to drive a hundred miles an hour all the way to probably Texas or Wyoming.The
Dead Like Live Thunder
Authors: J,Gleasod Ralph
Published: November 2023

Ralph J. Gleason wrote for the Jan Francisco Chronicle from the late1940s through the1960s, producing a column about jazz and popular music that ran several times a week. He is generally recognized to be the first critic to give serious anention to popular music. He was a very vocal supporter of the early psychedelic rock scene in San Francisco, and his enthusiasm helped foster the success of a number of bands. especially the Dead and Jefferson Airplane. The Dead appreciated Gleason’s early support and eventually created in his name an annual award sponsored by their charitable arm, The Rex Foundation. The following two excerpts, especially the lengthy interview with Garcia. which appeared in Gleason’s book The Jefferson Airplane and the Jan Francisco Sound, published by Ballantine in 1969, reveal how close Gleason was to the band. Gleason’s questions lead Garcia adroitly into a fascinating discussion of the band’s origins and influences and of the conscious evolution of Garcia’s guitar style. The first piece appeared in the Jan Francisco Chronicle on March 19,

1967. Gleason was also the author of Celebrating the Duke, and Louis, Bessie, Billie, Bird,Carmen, Miles, Dizzy. and Other Heroes, published by linle, Brown in 1975. and Great Music Festivals, published by Hansen in1971, and was the editor of Jam Session: An Anthology of Jazz. published by Putnam in1958. He co-founded Rolling Stone magazine with Jann Wenner in1967 and wrote for it and for numerous other periodicals until his death in1975.
Jerry Garcia. the Guru
Authors: Gleason Ralph J
Published: November 2023

Jerry Garcia, the lead guitarist and central figure of The Grateful Dead. has been a musical guru to an entire generation of San Francisco musicians. Just as The Dead’s first album was about to be released. this interview was done with him. It is. In several ways. indicative of the roots. the aspirations and influ-“: ences of San Francisco music. The Dead. like the Airplane. are still intact. the originals and still champions of what we have to come to know as the adult rock sound. i,,JERRY: Being in a recording situation is really a lot different than playing. A recording situation brings out a special. sort of like another side of creativity. It’s something like painting or drawing or anything that you do over a long period of time for a finished product. And so when you get a recording studio you begin to have a different feeling about what you’re doing. And that’s something we’re just starting to get into too. So the first album was essentially a live album. They were going to put that really ostentatious oriental quotation.
Grateful Dead I Have Known
Authors: McC!anahan Ed
Published: November 2023

Ed McClanahan came out of the same creative writing program. the Wallace Stegner Fellows at Stanford, which produced Ken Kesey, Robert Stone. Larry McMurtry. and many others. The main body of the following piece appeared originally. in slightly different form. in Playboymagazine in March 1972 and won an award from the magazine for outstanding nonfiction. It was subsequently reprinted in Playboy’s Music Scene. Interwoven into the original Playboy article. McClanahan’s ‘l Brief Exegesis of Certain Sociophilosophical Themes” in Robert Hunter”s Lyrics to ‘New Speedway Boogie”‘ appeared originally in a joint publication of The Realist and The Last Supplement to the Whole Earth [acalogin 1971. though he originally conceived of the piece as a part of what became the article for Playboy. Here the two pieces are presented as a unified whole, reworked by McClanahan for his MyVica, If You Will: The l!ncol/ecced Ed Mc[/anahan, published by Counterpoint in 1998. In the course of the article. McClanahan refers extensively to the live Dead album and also focuses on much of Workingman s Dead. But the highlights of the article are the extensive interview segments with Gar bright Sunday afternoon in August 1971, just one week after Bill Graham closed the doors of the Fillmore West forever. and I’m sitting in the living room of Jerry Garcia’s new the headlands above a coastal village an hour north of San (a very nice house. by the way. not luxurious or anything.
Liner Notes to Europe ?
Authors: Legate Willy
Published: November 2023

And the dead were judged by what was written in the books. by what they had done (Revelation 20.12) or example. consider the rise of hypnocracy during April ‘‘i’ and May of 1972. The 43 persons constituting the Grateful Dead’s (latest) European tour apportioned themselves for the most part between two buses which came to be known as the Bolo . bus and the Bozo bus. The Bolo bus had a john in it and its seats faced forward. The Bozo bus had a refrigerator and some of its seats were installed facing back. to accommodate four tables. And to look back. The subtle difference in character and import and atmosphere between the two omnibuses was so profoundly hidden and enigmatic that you could never possibly understand it. The Bozos wore masks. and the Bolos showed their faces. At one time the Bozos staged a raid on the Bolo provisions:at one time the Bolos staged a raid on the Bozo provisions.
Some Pretty Basic Tense of Hypnocracy
Authors: Hunted Robert
Published: November 2023

We’re growing!-some 30 people now on payroll. We’re affiliated with Alembic in San Francisco on design. research and development of equipment and recording. Our rehearsal hall in San Rafael is the center of acoustic enquiry and equipment maintenance/development. Our office here manages. controls finance. accounting. insurance and the like. and Ice Nine Publishing Company (copyrights. licenses. songbooks) and Dead Heads. Out of Town booking agency and Fly By Night travel agency. two outgrowths of our scene. are in the building.
Ded Heads Pay Their Dues
Authors: Christgad Robert
Published: November 2023

Grateful Dead concert at the Felt Forum is postflower .,.America reveling in its contradictions. but Dominique was reminded of the Soviet Union. where the queue has not withered away. and elbowing ahead of your comrades is a national pastime. As we pushed on in toward our complimentary third-row seats. the crowd got heavier. and so did the contradictions. The cross section of Dead heads-heavy music proles and suburban folkies and old rock and rollers-is a confusing combination of our fabled new community and the nightmare mob of Ortega y Gasset. Half the audience avoids the crush. but the remainder presses forward. packing the aisles and the front rows, and everyone is up and boogieing. To boogie. you just stand and move to the music. relating to your brothers and sisters no matter how stoned you are because your brothers and sisters are sweating and boogieing on all sides. It isn”t a dance, and not just because there isn’t room at a concert-even in seat less halls the floor is always tight up front. Folks do dance with each other in back. but for most the exhilaration of the boogie increases exponentially with the proximity of the musicians. and if Jerry beams his cosmic grin down at someone. he/she will not shriek like a twelve-year-old chickie at the TAMI Show but just boogie harder. The dismay of the mass-culture theorists and their politely raised off.
He Was Friend
Authors: Petersed Robert
Published: November 2023

My eyes tequila-tortured 4 days mourning This lener from Robert Hunter appeared in Crawdaddy magazine in January 1975. in response to a request for an interview by Crawdaddywriter Patrick Snyder-Scumpy. Hunter uses the format as a convenient way to give considered responses to the typical interviewer questions about lifestyle and the artistic process. while Hunter maintains his generally reclusive stance in terms of his own personality. The time Hunter spent in London was particularly fruitful. resulting in many of the songs on American Beauty. Wake of the Hood. and From che Mars Hotel.
Robert Hunted Dark Star
Authors: Hunted Robert
Published: November 2023

London September 23.1974 DearScump. It occurs to me that I’ve been doing indepth interviews for many years now. saying more or less exactly what I wish to say. deciding the topics and spaces I want to explore and telling more about myself than I realize until years later. Why anyone would want to know any more about me than I lay out in my songs is a puzzle to me. No. that sounds a little naive. As soon as I state something in an interview. the opposite occurs to have just as much merit. Trying to know myself aloud in someone elses terms is a particular form I’ve shied away from and hence have little skill at it. I hit upon the idea of a written interview because I don’t exactly like the idea of turning requests for them down and theres no real point to making enemies in the trade. Also. I don’t dig being dissected in pub lie. although that is a due which most artists must pay to achieve recognition. I give the best of me in my work and the rest is just my life and there is little point to having your roots above ground. I have several lives. in fact. Half the time I live in London and half in the Bay Area. I go back and forth a bout every 2-3 months. I don’t know many people in London and have about zero social life here. It is a place to work. practice. relax and think. To retreat and recoup. I live on the surface of an ice Mobius strip upon which I skate. sometimes on the inner. sometimes on the outer surface. The inner surface I can tell about.