bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodological and Conceptual Progresses in Studies on the Latent Tracks in PADC
Authors: Yamauchi Tomoya , Kanasaki Masato , Barillon Rémi
Published: July 2021

Modified structure along latent tracks and track formation process have been investigated in poly(allyl diglycol carbonate), PADC, which is well recognized as a sensitive etched track detector. This knowledge is essential to develop novel detectors with improved track registration property. The track structures of protons and heavy ions (He, C, Ne, Ar, Fe, Kr and Xe) have been examined by means of FT-IR spectrometry, covering the stopping power region between 1.2 to 12,000 eV/nm. Through a set of experiments on low-LET radiations – such as gamma ray -, multi-step damage process by electron hits was confirmed in the radiation-sensitive parts of the PADC repeat-unit. From this result, we unveiled for the first-time the layered structure in tracks, in relation with the number of secondary electrons. We also proved that etch pit was formed when at least two repeat-units were destroyed along the track radial direction. To evaluate the number of secondary electrons around tracks, a series of numerical simulations were performed with Geant4-DNA. Therefore, we are proposing new physical criterions to describe the detection thresholds. Futhermore, we propose a present issue of the definition of detection threshold for semi-relativistic C ions. And as a possible chemical criterion, formation density of hydroxyl group is suggested to express the response of PADC.
Hybrid Carrier Frequency Modulation Based on Rotor Position to Reduce Sideband Vibro-acoustics in PMSM Used by Electric Vehicle
Authors: Qiu Zizhen , Chen Yong , Lin Xiaozhen , Cheng Haiquan , Kang Yang , Liu Xu
Published: July 2021

In the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system, the unwilling and ear-piercing vibro-acoustics caused by high-frequency sideband harmonics becomes unacceptable in the electric vehicle application. In this paper, a modified space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) technique implemented with hybrid carrier frequency modulation (HCFM) is provided to reduce the sideband current harmonic components and vibro-acoustic responses. The principle and implementation of the proposed HCFM technique are firstly presented, in which the fixed carrier frequency is improved with the sawtooth and random signal-based coupling modulation based on the rotor position. For verification, the experiment tests are carried out on a prototype 12/10 PMSM and microcontroller unit. The effectiveness of the HCFM technique can hence be confirmed, in which the sideband vibro-acoustics reduction shows more effectively than that in conventional random PWM. The proposed approach may provide a new route in noise-cancelling and electromagnetic compatibility for the electric drive powertrain.
Kajian Sifat Enjiniring Puree Wortel (Daucus carrota L.)
Authors: Muti Nanda Ikhtiar , Purbasari Dian
Published: July 2021

Pengolahan wortel pasca panen di Indonesia masih sebatas diolah menjadi bahan utama sup atau sayur cap cay dan kadang diblender untuk diminum sebagai jus dan saat ini masih ada yang mencoba membuat tepung dari wortel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor yaitu perbandingan wortel dan air serta lama waktu penggilingan. Tahapan pengukuran sifat keteknikan yaitu dimulai dari penyiapan bahan baku, pencucian, pemotongan, pemurnian, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran sifat keteknikan. Sifat keteknikan yang diukur adalah viskositas, total padatan, densitas, warna, dan konduktivitas termal. Perbandingan wortel dan air yang digunakan masing-masing adalah 3: 1 (450 gr: 150 ml), 2: 1 (400 gr: 200 ml), dan 1: 2 (200 gr: 400 ml) untuk lama waktu pemakaian yaitu 150 detik, 210 detik, dan 270 detik. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik ANOVA dua arah dengan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi yaitu perbandingan wortel dan air serta lama waktu pakai. Nilai viskositas berkisar antara 1697,78 cP hingga 4661,44 cP. Nilai total padatan berkisar antara 3,11% sampai 7,20%. Nilai kepadatan berkisar dari 1,004 g / ml hingga 1,015 g / ml. Nilai indeks warna L berkisar antara 34,33 hingga 42,77. Nilai indeks warna berkisar antara -1,06 hingga 6,44. Nilai indeks warna b berkisar antara 12,65 hingga 26,95. Nilai konduktivitas termal berkisar antara 0,577 W / m.K hingga 0,682 W / m.K. Semakin banyak proporsi wortel dalam larutan haluskan, semakin tinggi nilai viskositas, total padatan, massa jenis, dan indeks warna L, a, dan b. Sedangkan nilai konduktivitas termal tidak berpengaruh terhadap perbandingan wortel dan air. Pada perlakuan waktu pemurnian tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai total solid, nilai indeks warna L, a, dan b. Namun, hal itu mempengaruhi nilai densitas dan viskositas puree wortel. Semakin lama waktu penggilingan, semakin besar nilai viskositas dan densitasnya.
The Evaluasi Kinerja Model Page Pada Pengeringan Lapisan Tipis Umbi Iles-Iles
Authors: Mukmin Mukmin , Muhidong Junaedi , Azis Abdul
Published: July 2021

Tanaman iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri) merupakan jenis umbi-umbian dengannilaipotensial ekonomi yang cukuptinggi. Tanaman ini hanya dapat tumbuh di daerah tropis dan sub-tropis.Penelitian ini dimaksudkan  untuk mengevaluasi keakuratan model Page dalam menduga moisture ratio umbi iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri)yang berbentuk irisan selama proses pengeringan lapisan tipis. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan suhu pengeringan 45oC dan 55 oC dengan ketebalan sampel iles-iles 1.0 cm dan 0.5 cm. Kecepatan udara pengeringan digunakan sebesar 1.0 m/s. Parameter pengamatan yang digunakan berat sampel selama proses pengeringan dan waktu pengeringan. Sehingga diperoleh hasil seperti pola penurunan kadar air, pola penurunan moisture rasio, nilai konstanta pengeringan Model Page, dan evaluasi kinerja Model Page yang menggambarkan hubungan antara nilai prediksi dan nilai observasi moisture ratio yg menghasilkan persamaan regresi tanpa intersept dengan nilai R2 yang mendekati 1.0, maka Model Page yang diperoleh dianggap baik dalam melakukan prediksi moisture ratio umbi iles-iles. Adapun nilai R2 yaitu 0.998, nilai Chi-squared yaitu 5.202x10-2 dan nilai RMSE yaitu 0.006. Selisih nilai R2,  Chi-squared, dan RMSE antara berbagai penelitian yg dilakukan terdahulu dengan penelitian ini yg relatif sangat kecil mengindikasikan bahwa kinerja Model Page pada penelitian ini juga cukup baik.
PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA MENGGUNAKAN TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT MELALUI TEKA TEKI SILANG DANKARTU DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN VERBAL DAN GAYA BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Rochmawati Wahdah , Sunarno Widha , Suparmi Suparmi
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran menggunakan  TGT melalui teka teki silang dan kartu, kemampuan verbal dan gaya belajar  terhadap prestasi belajar fisika dan interaksinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Populasinya terdiri dari siswa kelas XII SMAN Batik 1 Surakarta tahun pelajaran 2011/2012. Sampel yang diambil adalah 2 kelas yaitu Kelas XII IPA 1 dan XII IPA 2 dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data kemampuan verbal dan prestasi kognitif digunakan metode tes. Untuk data gaya belajar dan prestasi afektif digunakan metode angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis variansi tiga jalan desain faktorial 2x2x2 dengan sel tak sama. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan: 1) terdapat pengaruh pembelajaran menggunakan TGT melalui teka teki silang  dan kartu terhadap prestasi kognitif  namun tidak terdapat pengaruh pembelajaran menggunakan TGT melalui teka teki silang dan kartu terhadap  prestasi afektif ; 2) terdapat pengaruh kemampuan verbal tinggi dan rendah terhadap prestasi kognitif maupun afektif; 3) tidak terdapat pengaruh gaya belajar kinestetik dan visual terhadap prestasi kognitif maupun afektif; 4) tidak terdapat interaksi pembelajaran menggunakan TGT melalui teka teki silang dan kartu dengan kemampuan verbal terhadap prestasi kognitif maupun afektif; 5) tidak terdapat interaksi pembelajaran menggunakan TGT melalui teka teki silang dan kartu dengan gaya belajar terhadap prestasi kognitif maupun afektif; 6) tidak terdapat interaksi kemampuan verbal dengan gaya belajar terhadap prestasi kognitif maupun afektif; 7) tidak terdapat interaksi pembelajaran menggunakan TGT melalui teka teki silang dan kartu, kemampuan verbal, gaya belajar siswa terhadap prestasi kognitif maupun afektif.

 

Kata kunci :  teams games tournament,  teka teki silang,  kartu, kemampuan verbal, gaya belajar
PEMBELAJARAN OPTIKA GEOMETRI MELALUI PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA DAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA SMA KELAS X TAHUN 2014/2015
Authors: Wahyudi Elly Eka , Aminah Nonoh Siti , Sukarmin Sukarmin
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan interaksi penggunaan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) melalui metode eksperimen dan metode demonstrasi ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kemampuan berpikir kreatif terhadap hasil belajar. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Populasi dari penelitian ini siswa SMA Negeri 4 Madiun kelas X tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Sampel diambil dengan teknik Cluster Random Sampling, sampel terdiri dari 2 kelas yaitu kelas X B dan X C. Kelas X B diberi pembelajaran dengan Problem Based Learning (PBL) menggunakan metode eksperimen, sedangkan X C diberi pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan metode demonstrasi. Data hasil belajar kognitif, kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kemampuan berpikir kreatif diambil menggunakan instrumen tes, sedangkan data hasil belajar afektif dan psikomotor menggunakan lembar observasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi (anava) tiga jalan dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Compare Means. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) tidak terdapat pengaruh pembelajaran Fisika melalui Problem Based Learning (PBL) menggunakan metode eksperimen dan metode demonstrasi terhadap hasil belajar; 2) tidak terdapat pengaruh kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap hasil belajar kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor; 3) terdapat pengaruh kemampuan berpikir kreatif terhadap hasil belajar kognitif, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar afektif dan psikomotor; 4) tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi pembelajaran Fisika Problem Based Learning (PBL) mengunakan metode eksperimen dan metode demonstrasi dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap hasil belajar; 5) tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi pembelajaran Fisika Problem Based Learning (PBL) menggunakan metode eksperimen dan metode demonstarsi dengan kemampuan berpikir kreatif terhadap hasil belajar; 6) tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kemampuan berpikir kreatif terhadap hasil belajar; 7) tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi pembelajaran Fisika Problem Based Learning (PBL) menggunakan metode eksperimen dan metode demonstrasi, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan kreatif terhadap hasil belajar.
PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA MENGGUNAKAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING DENGAN METODE EKSPERIMEN DAN PROYEK DITINJAU DARI KREATIVITAS DAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA
Authors: Purwandari Purwandari , Sunarno Widha , Cari Cari
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian: 1). Mengetahui adakah perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang diberi pembelajaran dengan pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing menggunakan metode eksperimen dan metode proyek. 2). Mengetahui adakah perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa  yang memiliki  kemampuan berpikir kritis tinggi dan kemampuan berpikir kritis rendah. 3). Mengetahui adakah perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang memiliki kreativitas tinggi dan kreativitas rendah. 4). Mengetahui adakah interaksi antara pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing menggunakan metode eksperimen dan metode proyek dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap hasil belajar siswa. 5). Mengetahui adakah interaksi antara pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing menggunakan metode eksperimen dan metode proyek dengan kreativitas terhadap hasil belajar siswa. 6). Mengetahui adakah interaksi antara kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreativitas terhadap hasil belajar siswa. 7). Mengetahui adakah interaksi antara pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing menggunakan  metode eksperimen dan metode proyek dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreativitas terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 2x2x2. Hasil dari penelitian :1) Ada perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan inkuiri terbimbing menggunakan metode eksperimen dan metode proyek dengan Fobs  = 12.208 > Fα = 4,02, 2) Ada perbedaan hasil belajar siswa antara kemampuan berpikir kritis tinggi dan rendah dengan Fobs  = 7.826 > Fα = 4,02 3) Ada perbedaan hasil belajar siswa antara kreativitas tinggi dan rendah dengan Fobs  = 7.600 > Fα = 4,02 4) Ada interaksi antara inkuiri terbimbing menggunakan metode eksperimen dan metode proyek dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan Fobs  = 4.564 > Fα = 4,02. 5) Ada interaksi antara  inkuiri terbimbing menggunakan metode eksperimen dan metode proyek dengan kreativitas dengan Fobs  = 8.061 > Fα = 4,02. 6) Ada interaksi antara kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreativitas dengan Fobs  = 8.910 > Fα = 4,02. 7) Ada interaksi antara  inkuiri terbimbing menggunakan metode eksperimen dan metode proyek dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreativitas dengan Fobs  = 5.122 > Fα = 4,02.
PENGGUNAAN METODE DISKUSI DAN DEMONSTRASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK MATERI FLUIDA DINAMIS KELAS XI IPA 3 SEMESTER GENAP SMA N 4 MADIUN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2014/2015
Authors: Sulistyaningsih Yayuk , Sunarno Widha , Cari Cari
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian: 1) untuk  meningkatkan motivasi berprestasi fisika dengan  menggunakan  metode diskusi demonstrasi materi fluida statis pada siswa kelas XI IPA3 semester genap SMA Negeri 4 Madiun tahun pelajaran 2014/2015, 2) untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar fisika dengan menggunakan metode diskusi demonstrasi  materi fluida statis pada siswa kelas XI IPA3 semester genap SMA Negeri 4 Madiun tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Untuk meningkatkan  motivasi  berprestasi dan hasil belajar fisika digunakan  metode diskusi demonstrasi dengan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dalam 2 siklus,hal ini agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran secara khusus, dalam hal motivasi berprestasi dan hasil belajar Fisika materi Fluida Statis  siswa kelas XI IPA 3 SMA Negeri 4 Kota Madiun, pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2014/2015, hasil belajar fisika materi fluida statis  siswa kelas XI IPA3 semester genap SMA Negeri 4 Madiun tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Pada  pelaksanaan  pembelajaran  siklus I dengen penerapan metode diskusi dan demonstrasi nilai rata-rata kognitif yang diperoleh sebesar 75.9. Hal ini belum sesuai dengan target indikator yang ingin dicapai sebesar 78. Pada siklus II semua kelemahan-kelemahan diperbaiki sehingga nilai rata-rata kognitif siswa meningkat sebesar 84.3. Pencapaian nilai pada siklus II lebih besar dari pada siklus I, sehingga ada peningkatan. Besar nilai rata-rata siklus II sudah memenuhi target yang ingin dicapai yaitu sebesar 78. Rata-rata motivasi awal 72,7  meningkat menjadi 82 dari target yang harus dicapai untuk motivasi 80.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA BERBASIS EMPAT PILAR PENDIDIKAN MELALUI OUTDOOR – INQUIRY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEBIASAAN BEKERJA ILMIAH PADA MATERI MOMEN GAYA, FLUIDA, DAN KESEIMBANGAN STATIS DI IKIP PGRI PONTIANAK
Authors: Hakim Lukman , Suparmi Suparmi , Masykuri Mohammad
Published: July 2021

Empat pilar pendidikan dalam pembelajaran fisika yang tercantum dalam kurikulum 2006 perlu diperhatikan, namun dalam kurikulum tersebut tidak dijelaskan bagaimana penjabarannya. Keterbatasan sarana laboratorium juga menjadi kendala dalam mendukung pembelajaran Fisika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran (LKM, SAP dan Buku Dosen) dan untuk mengetahui profil pembiasaan bekerja ilmiah dengan perangkat pembelajaran fisika yang berbasis empat pilar pendidikan melalui kegiatan luar ruangan (outdoor-inquiry). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (R&D) dengan menggunakan perangkat pengembangan pengajaran Dick & Carey. Perangkat pembelajaran ini dikembangkan melalui uji coba bertingkat pada perangkat pembelajaran serta mengevaluasinya. Evaluasi dilakukan pada masing-masing pilar, pilar learning to do diungkap melalui pensekoran pada isian LKM, pilar learning to know dilihat dari hasil tes pemahaman konsep, pilar learning to live together diungkap melalui pengamatan selama kegiatan dan pilar learning to be diungkap melalui peningkatan ketiga pilar lainnya selama pelaksanaan tiga LKM. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran dapat dilakukan melalui uji coba bertingkat secara individu, kelompok kecil dan kelompok besar. Profil ketrampilan proses sains mahasiswa (learning to do) meningkat pada pelaksanaan LKM 01, LKM 02 dan LKM 03 dengan gain 0,29 dan 0,38. Pemahaman konsep mahasiswa (learning to know) meningkat pada pelaksanaan LKM 01, LKM 02 dengan gain 0,10 tetapi menurun pada pelaksanaan LKM 03 dengan gain - 0,09. Kemampuan bekerja kelompok mahasiswa (learning to live together) meningkat dengan gain 0,14 dan 0,50. Pembiasaan bekerja ilmiah (learning to be) meningkat dengan gain 0,18 dan 0,23. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa pengembangan perangkat dapat dilakukan melalui uji coba bertingkat dan hasil penerapan perangkat dapat menunjukan kecenderungan pembiasaan bekerja ilmiah pada diri mahasiswa mulai tumbuh. Respon sikap mahasiswa terhadap perangkat pembelajaran secara umum baik dan sangat baik.
ALGORITHMIC SUPPORT FOR MULTICRITERIA ASSESSMENT OF RETAIL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Bieliaiev Oleksandr , Liutenko Iryna , Stratiienko Nataliia
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to the issues of assessing the effectiveness of information systems for enterprises engaged in retail trade in consumer goods. This article describes the tasks that the retail FMCG trade, as well as the functions of the retail trade, solve. The features of the subject area were considered, which will form the basis for the formation of scales for assessing the effectiveness of information systems. The priorities, tasks, and features of the business model of enterprises engaged in retail trade in consumer goods, depending on the market segment they occupy. Various types of corporate information systems that can be used in retail trade are considered. The analysis of the subject area made it possible not only to determine important metrics for assessing the effectiveness of information systems but also to determine the priority of the requirements for the availability of certain functionality in the information system from each business segment, large, medium and small. Also, the existing standards in the subject areas of software development and enterprise organization were considered. This article proposes a methodology for evaluating information systems for enterprises engaged in consumer goods retail trade that belong to different market segments. The proposed methodology is based on the approach of multi-criteria expert assessment. An example of linguistic variables for one of the questions of the questionnaire for experts is given. The order of operation of the expert system is also presented in the form of an activity diagram. The developed expert information system can be monetized by providing referral links to the products of companies supplying information systems for retail. In the future, it is planned to add the ability for qualified experts to select combination of metrics for assessment, as well as change the assessment scale to increase accuracy.
Keywords: information system, retail trade, consumer goods, performance assessment, expert assessments.
SIMULATION OF VIRTUAL DISTRIBUTED PRODUCTION LOCATION UNDER CONDITIONS OF LIMITED POSSIBILITIES OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Pronchakov Yurii
Published: July 2021

The task to research the enterprises when locating them in the new areas is posed and solved. The relevance of the problem is related to both moral and physical aging of production systems, which leads to the need for their modernization and reengineering. For the development of the enterprise, new areas are required to accommodate modern technological equipment. Due to the diversification of the company's activities and the appearance of new orders, it is advisable to place modern production lines with a high degree of automation in new areas. The requirements for the organization of new industries, taking into account the concept of Industry 4.0, have led to the creation of enterprises in the form of virtual industries focused on the creation of new innovative products. The aim of the work is to develop models for the rational location of virtual production in the new areas in conditions of limited enterprise capabilities. Due to the complexity of the problem being solved, the study is carried out in three stages: optimization of location on the earth's surface; creation of the communication infrastructure for virtual production; simulation of the virtual enterprise production cycle. The efficient location of virtual production is carried out using both local and multicriteria optimization. In order to create the communication infrastructure of the virtual enterprise the selection of the optimal route for highway laying is carried out. Simulation of the production cycle is carried out considering time delays and queues when performing technological operations. The new scientific result is the solution of the problem of virtual production system locating on the earth's surface, taking into account the proposed indicators and restrictions, which include the cost of land plots renting (acquiring), as well as the costs associated with earth and construction works. Mathematical methods were used: integer optimization, simulation modeling, agent-based modeling.

Keywords: virtual enterprise, optimization of technological objects location, communication infrastructure of the enterprise, simulation modeling, agent-based modeling.
Harga Saham Syariah Ditinjau Dari Rasio Profitabilitas
Authors: Maharany Indah Dewi , Ni'mah Luthfiyatun
Published: July 2021

The results showed that EPS has a significant positive effect on Islamic stock prices. Based on the value of t count greater than t table (3.556> 1.67591), and based on the value of the significance coefficient of 0.001 which is smaller than 0.05. Dividend Per Share (DPS) has a significant positive effect on Islamic stock prices. Based on the value of t count greater than t table (1.833> 1.67591), and based on the value of the significance coefficient of 0.033 which is smaller than 0.05. Return On Assets (ROA) has a significant positive effect on Islamic stock prices. Based on the value of t count greater than t table (2.833> 1.67591), and based on the value of the significance coefficient of 0.049 which is smaller than 0.05. Return On Equity (ROE) has no effect on Islamic stock prices. Based on the t count value is smaller than t table (0.612 <1.67591), and based on the significance coefficient value of 0.543 which is greater than 0.05.
Physician-Rating Websites and Social Media Usage: A Global Survey of Academic Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Gross Christopher E. , Scott Daniel , Samora Julie B. , Khan Moin , Kang Daniel G. , Frank Rachel M.
Published: July 2021

The relationship between orthopaedic surgeons and the internet is complicated. Social media allows surgeons to educate their patients while marketing to them at the same time. Conversely, patients are able to better communicate with their surgeons while anonymously rating their service and expertise. This study aims to look at the complex relationship between surgeons and social media use.
What does decolonising the curriculum mean for STEM subjects?
Authors: Fernandes Monica
Published: July 2021

The concept of decolonising the curriculum is currently under widespread discussion in higher education. While it is clearer how this can be done in disciplines within Humanities and Social Sciences, it is less obvious how it may be achieved in the STEM subjects, which are based more on technical knowledge and problem-solving.
Because She Matters: Ensuring women’s meaningful participation in peacebuilding in Afghanistan
Authors: Kamminga Jorrit , Boswinkel Lotje , Göth Tamara
Published: July 2021

While intra-Afghan talks have started, sustainable peace is still a distant reality in Afghanistan. Ongoing peace efforts ignore women’s meaningful participation: women are included in only one in every five meetings. Evidence shows that when women have a meaningful role in peace negotiations, peace is more sustainable. Afghan and international actors must stress the importance of including women in all stages of formal and informal talks at national and local levels. This research paper uses the seven modalities of the Broadening Participation framework to identify practical ways to include Afghan women meaningfully and pave the way for inclusive peacebuilding.
The Real Common Interest: The converging EU and North African migration agendas – where do people’s interests come in?
Authors: Uzelac Ana
Published: July 2021

For too long the EU’s migration policies have ignored the priorities of the countries it partners with for the sake of its own border security and domestic priorities. These have permeated the domestic migration and asylum policies of the Maghreb countries it supports, including Tunisia and Morocco, in a convergence of national interests of states, at the cost of people’s interests. The EU’s cooperation with its neighbours should encourage a real common interest: protecting people and fulfilling their rights.
Mobilité Humaine et Résilience au Sahel : Défis et opportunités
Authors: Fernández-Durán Cristina , Febles Carmona Elsa
Published: July 2021

Oxfam s’est engagé depuis 2016, en partenariat avec des organisations internationales et nationales du Tchad, du Burkina Faso, du Niger, de la Mauritanie et du Mali, dans la mise en oeuvre des projets de renforcement de la résilience dans des zones fragilisées du Sahel financés dans le cadre du Fonds Fiduciaire d’Urgence de l’Union Européenne pour l’Afrique (FFUE). À travers notre expérience et celle des organisations avec lesquelles nous travaillons dans le cadre des projets FFUE, nous avons constaté que les différentes dynamiques de mobilité humaine présentes dans les zones d’intervention avaient des impacts sur les communautés et les projets. C’est ainsi que nous avons entamé un processus d’apprentissage croisé entre les projets FFUE où Oxfam participe afin de mieux comprendre les enjeux entre résilience et mobilité humaine dans le contexte des zones d’intervention dans ces cinq pays du Sahel.
Climate Finance Shadow Report 2020: Assessing progress towards the $100 billion commitment
Authors: Carty Tracy , Kowalzig Jan , Zagema Bertram
Published: July 2021

International climate finance is vital to global cooperation on climate change. As many developing countries reel from the effects of coronavirus, the prospect of climate-induced extreme weather risks compounding crises and poverty. Climate change could undo decades of progress in development and dramatically increase global inequalities. There is an urgent need for climate finance to help countries cope and adapt. Over a decade ago, developed countries committed to mobilize $100bn per year by 2020 to support developing countries to adapt and reduce their emissions. The goal is a critical part of the Paris Agreement. As 2020 draws to a close, Oxfam’s Climate Finance Shadow Report 2020 offers an assessment of progress towards the $100bn goal. The third in a series, this report looks at the latest donor figures for 2017–18, with a strong focus on public finance. It considers how climate finance is being counted and spent; where it is going; how close we are to the $100bn goal; and what lessons need to be learned for climate finance post-2020.
Proteomic characterisation of serum proteins from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) from an outbreak with Cardiomyopathy Syndrome
Authors: Costa Janina , Pozo Jorge del , McLean Kevin , Inglis Neil , Sourd Philippe , Bordeianu Andrei , Thompson Kim D.
Published: July 2021

Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS), caused by piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV), is a serious challenge to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) aquaculture. Regrettably, husbandry techniques are the only tool to manage CMS outbreaks, and no prophylactic measures are available at present. Early diagnosis of CMS is therefore desirable, preferably with non-lethal diagnostic methods, such as serum biomarkers. To identify candidate biomarkers for CMS, the protein content of pools of sera (4 fish/pool) from salmon a CMS outbreak (3 pools) and from clinically healthy salmon (3 pools) were compared using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Overall, seven proteins were uniquely identified in the sera of clinically healthy fish, while twenty seven proteins were unique to the sera of CMS fish. Of the latter, 24 have been associated with cardiac disease in humans. These were grouped as leakage enzymes (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glycogen phosphorylase and carbonic anhydrase); host reaction proteins (acute phase response proteins - haptoglobin, fibrinogen, α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin; and complement-related proteins); and regeneration/remodelling proteins (fibronectin, lumican and retinol). Clinical evaluation of the suitability of these proteins as biomarkers of CMS, either individually or as part of a panel, is a logical next step for the development of early diagnostic tools for CMS.
Initial Experience of Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Lobectomy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Toripalimab in a Patient with Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Li Wei , Zhai Chunbo , Che Jianpeng , Wang Weiqian , Liu Bingchun
Published: July 2021

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors were used for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) more and more frequently and the effects were thrilling. Toripalimab as a new immune checkpoint inhibitor has been shown to be effective in patients with advanced NSCLC. However, data regarding the safety and feasibility of surgical resection after treatment with toripalimab for NSCLC remain scarce. Here, we present a case with locally advanced NSCLC that received video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy after treatment with toripalimab in combination with chemotherapy.Case presentation: A 62-year-old male patient with a history of coronary artery stenting operation for two times was found a 3.4 × 3.2cm cavity mass in the upper lobe of the left lung and enlarged left hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. Pathological results identified squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was diagnosed with a locally advanced NSCLC and received VATS left upper lobectomy and lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus toripalimab for 3 cycles. The postoperative pathological results showed complete tumor remission. Short-term follow-up results were excellent, and long-term results remain to be revealed.Conclusions: Our preliminary results showed that the use of neoadjuvant toripalimab and chemotherapy for the locally advanced NSCLC before surgical resection is safe and feasible.
Facile Preparation of All Cellulose Self-reinforced Nanocomposites from Bamboo Shoot Fibers
Authors: Yang Yinzhi , Fan Fangwei , Fang Kaiyang , Xie Jinpeng , Zhang Zhen , Deng Zhongmin , Cao Xinwang
Published: July 2021

Herein, a novel and facile fabrication method of self-reinforced all cellulose nanocomposite based on 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy (TEMPO) mediated oxidized bamboo shoot shell fibers was introduced. The composites were thoughtfully characterized. Cellulose nanowhiskers from the bamboo shoot fibers with the diameter of 60–90 nm and a large number of micropores were evenly distributed on the surface of the nanocomposite. Compared with the original fiber, the crystallinity of the composites increased, while the thermal stability decreased. The composite also showed good mechanical property and dimensional stability. It provides a promising and convenient route to obtain firm sheet-materials with micro- or nano- structures from nature cellulose fibers.
Diagnostic Value of PET/CT and Maximum Standardized Uptake Value in Patients with Primary Lymphoma
Authors: Zhu Lin , Nie Kai , Chen Yinan , Liu Jing , Xiao Yongxing , Yu Hong
Published: July 2021

Objective: Although the application of PET/CT in lymphomas has been the focus of many studies, the relationship between fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and biological indicators is complex and still incompletely understood, and there is a significant unmet need for more insightful differential diagnosis of PET/CT among different lymphoma subtypes. In present study, the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-PET/CT was assessed in patients with primary lymphoma and the clinical application value of SUVmax was determined. Methods: The diagnostic accuracy of a total of 97 patients with initial 18F-PET/CT scans between January 2015 and February 2020 were assessed, and the SUVmax was compared according to the different pathological subtypes. The relationship between SUVmax and immunophenotype, clinical characteristics, and genetic types were estimated. Results: According to the pathological results, 10 cases were misdiagnosed by PET/CT, and the accuracy was about 90%. Statistical analysis of SUVmax did not reveal a significant difference between Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) (p=0.9071). Among NHL, the average SUVmax was statistically different between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) (p=0.0004), FL and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (p=0.0078), FL and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) (p=0.0117), DLBCL and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (p=0.0294). In patients with DLBCL, SUVmax was correlated with the expression level of proliferation index Ki-67 (r=0.33, p=0.018), while average SUVmax shows no difference between various immunophenotype expression levels, ages, gender, skeletal invasion situations, clinical grade stages, international prognostic index (IPI) score, and different gene types (germinal center B cell-like (GCB) and non-GCB). Conclusion: 18F-PET/CT had a marked diagnostic value in patients with primary lymphoma, but some misdiagnosis was probable. The SUVmax is valuable in the differential diagnosis of different pathological types of NHL. Simultaneously, the SUVmax of patients with DLBCL correlated with Ki-67 might reflect the tumor invasiveness, thereby revealing a prognostic value.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Agrometeorology
Authors: Faghih Homayoun , Behmanesh Javad , Rezaie Hossein , Khalili Keivan
Published: July 2021

Replacing irrigated with rainfed crops and sustainable production of major rainfed plants (such as wheat) can be an efficient strategy to restore water resources that are drying up. Identifying plant response to climate is essential to advancing this strategy and planning for precision agriculture. Wheat is the main plant of Saqez in the Lake Urmia basin of Iran, whose yield is associated with severe fluctuations. This study was conducted to investigate the climate effect on wheat yield fluctuation. For this purpose, the method of growing degree days (GDDs) and the Zadoks scale were used to divide the wheat growth period into seven stages. Forty-seven climatic variables of the first six stages were used to do factor analysis and to develop the model for forecasting pre-harvest yield. Gene expression programming (GEP), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and multivariate linear regression (MLR) methods were applied to develop the model. The results showed that 90.7% of the total variance of 47 variables can be explained by 10 factors. Eighty-two percent of yield variations were modeled by these 10 factors (r = 0.91). The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the models developed by the GEP and ANN methods was 26%, and its amount for the MLR model was 35%. In this study, for the first time, the GEP method was used to model rainfed wheat yield. Comparison with MLR and ANN methods shows that GEP is suitable for modeling in this field.
Spatial-temporal change in water table depth for the conterminous United States over three decades
Authors: Munro Holly , Montes Cristian
Published: July 2021

The subtle equilibrium between supply and demand of freshwater is constantly changing due to anthropogenic activities and shifts in land use and climate. These freshwater resources are crucial for food and water security, and the sustainability of natural and managed systems. The spatial-temporal properties of groundwater are often overlooked, despite these subsurface reservoirs being linked to aboveground water use and ecosystem processes. In this study, we assessed the spatial-temporal changes of water table depth in the conterminous United States (U.S.) over the last three decades (1989-2019). National Ground-Water Monitoring Network water table depth data were paired with climate and terrain features. Interpolated maps were created by combining machine learning (i.e., gradient boosted regression trees) with traditional interpolation methods (i.e., Kriging). Water table depth is shallower in the eastern U.S., as compared to western U.S., except for high elevation locals which consistently had deeper water tables. The overall change in depth to water table for the conterminous U.S. was ~1m indicating that on average the water is getting deeper. Of the 56 aquifer systems, 41 are in areas where the water table has gotten deeper. These results highlight current “hotspots” of possible depletion where water management efforts should focus. Management of this crucial resource is essential for mitigating negative impacts of depletion, which may ultimately feedback further amplifying changes in climate.
Infective Endocarditis, Predictors of Mortality and Morbidity
Authors: Eranki Aditya , Saxena Akshat , Ali Umar , Slimani Eric
Published: July 2021

Objectives:

Infective endocarditis is a disease with high mortality and morbidity. The primary outcome of this study is to assess factors associated with in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing valvular surgery for infective endocarditis. The secondary outcome of this study is to assess the incidence and factors associated with post-operative morbidity; namely post-operative stroke, renal failure and dialysis, complete heart block and return to theatre for bleeding or tamponade.
Methods

Between the years of 2015 to 2019, a total of 89 patients underwent surgery for infective endocarditis at Fiona Stanley Hospital. Data was collected from the Australia and New Zealand Cardiac Surgery Database from 2015 to 2019 as well as patients electronic medical record (EMR). A number of preoperative and perioperative factors were assessed in relation to patient mortality and morbidity. Univariate and multivariate logistical regression analysis was done to assess for the association between factors and in-hospital mortality and morbidity
Results:

A total of 89 patients underwent surgery for infective endocarditis, affecting 101 valves. The mean age of patients was 53.7. A total of 79 patients had a positive blood culture pre-operatively, with Staphylococcus Aureus being the most frequently cultured organism (39%). Fourteen patients (16%) were deemed emergent and underwent surgery within 24 hours of review. A total of five patients died within their hospital stay postoperatively. Variables significantly associated with mortality on univariate analysis were intravenous drug use, emergent surgery, perioperative dialysis, perioperative inotropes, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time and cross clamp time (CCT). Only CBP time was significantly associated with mortality on multivariate analysis. A total of 19 patients (21%) required hemodialysis after surgery, 10 patients sustained a postoperative stroke (11%), 15 patients required to return to theatre (17%) and 11 patients developed a complete heart block post operatively (12%).
Conclusion

There are a number of factors associated with mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing surgery with infective endocarditis. Our study demonstrates a lower mortality rate in these patients than previously quoted in literature. Exposure of prolonged CBP times was the only factor significantly associated with increased mortality on multivariate analysis, although a critical perioperative state was highly significant on univariate analysis.
Ambrosia: Reduction in Data Transfer from Sensor to Server for Increased Lifetime of IoT Sensor Nodes
Authors: Suryavansh Shikhar , Benna Abu , Guest Chris , Chaterji Somali
Published: July 2021

Data transmission accounts for significant energy consumption in wireless sensor networks where streaming data is generated by the sensors. This impedes their use in many settings, including livestock monitoring over large pastures (which forms our target application). We present Ambrosia, a lightweight protocol that utilizes a window-based timeseries forecasting mechanism for data reduction. Ambrosia employs a configurable error threshold to ensure that the accuracy of end applications is unaffected by the data transfer reduction. Experimental evaluations using LoRa and BLE on a real livestock monitoring deployment demonstrate 60% reduction in data transmission and a 2X increase in battery lifetime.
The Role of Proximate Determinants and Distal Variables On Recent Fertility in Dabat Health and Demographic Surveillance System Site, Northwest Ethiopia: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Alazbih Nega Mihret , Kaya Assefa Hailemariam , Mengistu Mezgebu Yitayal , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu
Published: July 2021

Background

In Ethiopia, previous studies have explored the role of the proximate determinants for recent fertility decline at national and regional levels. However, none of these studies have examined the role of socioeconomic factors on the observed fertility decline through these proximate variables. This study aimed to estimate the effects of proximate determinants of fertility and the contribution of distal variables in recent fertility in Dabat Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, northwest Ethiopia.
Methods

A community based cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2020 among 1649 women of reproductive age group. Data were collected using structured and interviewer administered questionnaire. Generalized structural equation model was employed for the mediation analysis to estimate the relationships among distal and mediating variables with outcome variable, children ever born, simultaneously. A difference approach was used to test whether the effects of predictor variables were mediated.
Results

The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) for the three years preceding the survey was estimated at 3.4 children per woman. The Age Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR) in the study area reached its peak in the age group of 25–29 with 191 children per 1000 women. Among the proximate determinants, only marriage was a significant proximate determinant of recent fertility. The probability of having birth was more than fivefold higher among currently married women (IRR = 5.6 with a P-value = 0.000) than their unmarried counterparts. Age of women, occupation of women, household wealth status, ideal number of children, and experiencing child death had a significant total effect on recent fertility that were decomposed to direct and indirect or mediated effects of variables.
Conclusion

Marriage was the only proximate determinant that stood out as a significant mediated variable through which the distal variables affected fertility. Findings also clearly indicated that female participation in non-agricultural occupation affected the recent fertility. Hence, women's level of employment should be raised to increase their economic independence that will reduce the desirability of early marriage which in turn lower the number of children. In addition, the prevailing strategies on family planning programs should be improved to enhance the prevalence of contraceptive use among married women that will accelerate the current fertility transition.
Clinical Features and Prognostic Factors of Elderly Patients with Gallbladder Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Shuai Jin , Deyu Li , Tao Lianyuan , Haibo Yu , Guanjing Tian
Published: July 2021

Background: Elderly patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) may be a special group of individuals. The present study aimed to explore the clinical features and prognostic factors of elderly patients with GBC and establish nomogram to predict their overall survival (OS). Methods: Patients diagnosed with GBC from 2010 to 2015 were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in elderly GBC patients were examined. Results: Elderly patients and young patients with GBC differed in many aspects, including race, marital status, AJCC stage, T stage, N stage, M stage, surgery, lymph node dissection, radiation, chemotherapy, and OS (P<0.05). Analysis of prognostic factors showed that chemotherapy and surgery with lymph node dissection (radical surgery), as the main treatment for elderly patients, can significantly improve prognosis. Other factors, including being unmarried, higher grade of histological type and AJCC stage, had a negative effect on OS. Nomogram was developed based on the above prognostic factors. The C-indexes of 1-year survival and 3-year survival nomogram were 0.73 and 0.736 and AUCs at 1 and 3 years were 0.789 and 0.780, respectively. Conclusions: Elderly patients with GBC comprise a distinct group of individuals whose clinical characteristics differ from those of young patients, and the nomogram constructed accurately predicted OS in elderly patients with GBC.
Evaluation of Historical CMIP6 Model Simulations and Future Projections of Temperature Over the Pan-Third Pole Region
Authors: Fan Xuewei , Duan Qingyun , Shen Chenwei , Wu Yi , Xing Chang
Published: July 2021

The Pan-Third Pole (PTP) region, which encompasses the Eurasian highlands and their surroundings, has experienced unprecedented, accelerated warming during the past decades. This study evaluates the performance of historical simulation runs of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) in capturing spatial patterns and temporal variations observed over the PTP region for mean and extreme temperatures. In addition, projected changes in temperatures under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5‐8.5) are also reported. Four indices were used to characterize changes in temperature extremes: the annual maximum value of daily maximum temperature (TXx), the annual minimum value of daily minimum temperature (TNn), and indices for the percentage of warm days (TX90p) and warm nights (TN90p). Results indicate that most CMIP6 models generally capture the characteristics of the observed mean and extreme temperatures over the PTP region, but there still are slight cold biases in the Tibetan Plateau. Future changes of mean and extreme temperatures demonstrate that a strong increase will occur for the entire PTP region during the twenty-first century under all four SSP scenarios. Between 2015 and 2099, ensemble area-averaged annual mean temperatures are projected to increase by 1.24°C/100 year, 3.28°C/100 year, 5.57°C/100 year, and 7.40°C/100 year for the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, respectively. For TXx and TNn, the most intense warming is projected in Central Asia. The greatest number of projected TX90p and TN90p will occur in the Tibetan Plateau and Southeast Asia subregions, respectively.