bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multiscale model of striatum microcircuit dynamics
Authors: Tesler Federico , Kozlov Alexander , Grillner Sten , Destexhe Alain
Published: December 2023

The striatum is the largest structure in the basal ganglia, and is known for its key role in functions such as learning and motor control. Studying these aspects requires investigating cellular/microcircuits mechanisms, in particular related to learning, and how these small-scale mechanisms affect large-scale behavior, and its interactions with other structures, such as the cerebral cortex. In this paper, we provide a multiscale approach to investigate these aspects. We first investigate striatum dynamics using spiking networks, and derive a mean-field model that captures these dynamics. We start with a brief introduction to the microcircuit of the striatum and we describe, step by step, the construction of a spiking network model, and its mean-field, for this area. The models include explicitly the different cell types and their intrinsic electrophysiological properties, and the synaptic receptors implicated in their recurrent interactions. Then we test the mean-field model by analyzing the response of the striatum network to the main brain rhythms observed experimentally, and compare this response to that predicted by the mean-field. We next study the effects of dopamine, a key neuromodulator in the basal ganglia, on striatal neurons. Integrating dopamine receptors in the spiking network model leads to emerging dynamics, which are also seen in the mean-field model. Finally, we introduce a basic implementation of reinforcement learning (one of the main known functions of the basal-ganglia) using the mean-field model of the striatum microcircuit. In conclusion, we provide a multiscale study of the striatum microcircuits and mean-field, that capture its response to periodic inputs, the effect of dopamine and can be used in reinforcement learning paradigms. Given that several mean-field models have been previously proposed for the cerebral cortex, the mean-field model presented here should be a key tool to investigate large-scale interactions between basal ganglia and cerebral cortex, for example in motor learning paradigms, and to integrate it in large scale and whole-brain simulations.
The needs of carers who support people living with schizophrenia and a substance use disorder: a multiperspective evaluation
Authors: Gaudreault Karine , Tremblay Joël , Bertrand Karine
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Those who care for people with schizophrenia and substance use disorders (PLS-SUD) are faced with the complex demands of a long journey to recovery. For the carers, this translates into specific needs related to various areas of their lives. However, few studies have contributed to the understanding of these carers’ needs. The purpose of this qualitative evaluative study is to identify, understand and prioritize the needs of PLS-SUD carers in the context of intervention design from the viewpoint of carers themselves (n= 9), those they were accompanying (n= 5) and other key actors involved (n= 10).

Design/methodology/approach

A design of action research was employed. Data analysis was done in three phases: concept map analysis, thematic analysis and transversal analysis of the results from two focus groups, 28 interview transcriptions and a logbook.

Findings

Over 60 needs were identified. After review, 39 of those were selected for prioritization. For needs related to the carers’ role as clients of the health-care system, the committee prioritized the needs for support, sharing with other carers and improving their own well-being. For the role of supporter, knowledge about substance use disorders and their interactions with psychotic disorders as well as skills such as communication and problem resolution were considered priorities. Needs to be prioritized relating to the role of partner were fewer.

Research limitations/implications

The results of this study highlight the diversity and complexity of the needs experienced by carers.

Originality/value

This is among the first needs surveys carried out by stakeholders to describe the needs of PLS-SUD carers.
Resource-constrained repetitive project scheduling with soft logic
Authors: Zou Xin , Rong Zhuang
Published: December 2023

Purpose

In repetitive projects, repetition offers more possibilities for activity scheduling at the sub-activity level. However, existing resource-constrained repetitive scheduling problem (RCRSP) models assume that there is only one sequence in performing the sub-activities of each activity, resulting in an inefficient resource allocation. This paper proposes a novel repetitive scheduling model for solving RCRSP with soft logic.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, a constraint programming model is developed to solve the RCRSP using soft logic, aiming at the possible relationship between parallel execution, orderly execution or partial parallel and partial orderly execution of different sub activities of the same activity in repetitive projects. The proposed model integrated crew assignment strategies and allowed continuous or fragmented execution.

Findings

When solving RCRSP, it is necessary to take soft logic into account. If managers only consider the fixed logic between sub-activities, they are likely to develop a delayed schedule. The practicality and effectiveness of the model were verified by a housing project based on eight different scenarios. The results showed that the constraint programming model outperformed its equivalent mathematical model in terms of solving speed and solution quality.

Originality/value

Available studies assume a fixed logic between sub-activities of the same activity in repetitive projects. However, there is no fixed construction sequence between sub-activities for some projects, e.g. hotel renovation projects. Therefore, this paper considers the soft logic relationship between sub-activities and investigates how to make the objective optimal without violating the resource availability constraint.
Aligning expectations with real-world experiences: a talent management study on the restaurant industry in Finland
Authors: Cajander Niko , Reiman Arto
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Skilled workers are crucial for an organization’s success, and managing, retaining and attracting them is vital in long-term. This study aims to explore talent management practices in the Finnish restaurant industry and to align workers' expectations with the real-world experiences of their work to reduce turnover and enhance job satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts a mixed methods approach, including a survey and interviews with workers and managers to gain insights into their expectations and experiences of work. The study considers themes for designing and implementing effective talent management procedures.

Findings

This study highlights the importance of employees' experiences of their work conditions, leveraging positive emotions and fair utilization of temporary agency work (TAW). Understanding the different work preferences of generational cohorts and addressing the challenges associated with owner disengagement and TAW can also contribute to attracting and retaining talent in the restaurant industry.

Originality/value

Skilled workers have often been portrayed as targets that need to be managed, with insufficient consideration given to their preferences, needs and expectations. With the findings of this study, companies can establish mutual understanding with their employees and attract diverse talent.
Investigation of an improved cold plate design with circuitous minichannel: a computational study involving the effect of conjugate heat transfer
Authors: Mohapatra Jyoti Ranjan , Moharana Manoj Kumar
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate a new circuitous minichannel cold plate (MCP) design involving flow fragmentation. The overall thermal performance and the temperature uniformity analysis are performed and compared with the traditional serpentine design. The substrate thickness and its thermal conductivity are varied to analyse the effect of axial-back conduction due to the conjugate nature of heat transfer.

Design/methodology/approach

The traditional serpentine minichannel is modified into five new fragmented designs with two inlets and two outlets. A three-dimensional numerical model involving the effect of conjugate heat transfer with a single-phase laminar fluid flow subjected to constant heat flux is solved using a finite volume-based computational fluid dynamics solver.

Findings

The minimum and maximum temperature differences are observed for the two branch fragmented flow designs. The two-branch and middle channel fragmented design shows better temperature uniformity over other designs while the three-branch fragmented designs exhibited better hydrodynamic performance.

Practical implications

MCPs could be used as an indirect liquid cooling method for battery thermal management of pouch and prismatic cells. Coupling the modified cold plates with a battery module and investigating the effect of different battery parameters and environmental effects in a transient state are the prospects for further research.

Originality/value

The study involves several aspects of evaluation for a conclusive decision on optimum channel design by analysing the performance plot between the temperature uniformity index, average base temperature and overall thermal performance. The new fragmented channels are designed in a way to facilitate the fluid towards the outlet in the minimum possible path thereby reducing the pressure drop, also maximizing the heat transfer and temperature uniformity from the substrate due to two inlets and a reversed-flow pattern. Simplified minichannel designs are proposed in this study for practical deployment and ease of manufacturability.
Sustainability evolved for experts but students fell behind: teaching interrelated social, economic and environmental goals
Authors: Lavey Warren G.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

While sustainability experts point to interrelated social, economic and environmental goals, students may think about sustainability primarily as natural resources. To prepare students to tackle global challenges to well-being, this paper aims to show that educators need to assess and address students’ shortcomings in considering socioeconomic dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study coded essays on the meaning and components of sustainability written by 93 undergraduate and graduate students in environmental policy, business and engineering courses at US and Austrian universities. Then, the study reviewed a teaching strategy using diverse experts, case studies and assignments. Finally, the analysis evaluated students’ final projects proposing sustainability legislation with social, economic and environmental dimensions.

Findings

Students usually connect sustainability with limited natural resources affecting current and future generations, but seldom think that sustainability means acting on prominent socioeconomic challenges like poverty, food insecurity, pandemics and violence. Teaching in diverse courses through multidimensional case studies and legislation broadened and deepened students’ understanding and preparedness to act.

Originality/value

Despite experts’ attention to the interconnected Sustainable Development Goals, educators and policymakers need information on whether students associate sustainability with socioeconomic challenges. Open-response questions can reveal gaps in the respondents’ sustainability beliefs. In a wide range of courses, teaching can use diverse experts and multidimensional case studies and legislative assignments.
Hybrid organisational form as a response to institutional complexity: The case of local municipally owned corporations in Lahore
Authors: Farooqi Madiha Rehman , Naveed Shabana , Ul‐Durar Shajara , De Sisto Marco
Published: December 2023

This paper explores hybrid organisational forms that have emerged in response to institutional complexity. For this purpose, the paper studies organisational practices to explore hybrid characteristics in municipally owned corporations (MOCs) and differentiate between distinct manifestations of hybridity. Using a case study research design, three MOCs are selected as units of analysis, and 30 semi‐structured interviews are conducted to explain why and how organisations emerge as hybrid organisations through the adoption of multiple institutional prescriptions that compete with their existing logic. The findings of the study reveal a practical approach to managing complexity where organisations tend to form different hybrids rather than simply accepting or rejecting institutional pressures. The study offers insights into the outcomes within organisational milieus as they navigate and assimilate these competing pressures, underscoring that the resultant ramifications may not invariably align with initial expectations.

Points for practitioners

Providing municipally owned corporations (MOCs) a clear framework that outlines their tasks, responsibilities, and expected results can prevent conflicts arising from differing institutional logics, ensuring that MOCs operate in alignment with the government's objectives.

Hybrid organisations must cultivate a culture that emphasises adaptation and flexibility to gradually integrate the competing logic that improves system performance and sustainability.

While introducing reforms, practitioners should invest in capacity‐building efforts for public organisations. Training and support initiatives are imperative to equip organisations with the skills needed to adapt, integrate conflicting pressures, and effectively cope with the demands of evolving institutional environments.
Increased A1 astrocyte activation‐driven hippocampal neural network abnormality mediates delirium‐like behavior in aged mice undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Liu Wenxue , Jia Min , Zhang Keyin , Chen Jiang , Zhu Xiyu , Li Ruisha , Xu Zhenjun , Zang Yanyu , Wang Yapeng , Pan Jun , Ma Daqing , Yang Jianjun , Wang Dongjin
Published: December 2023

Delirium is the most common neurological complication after cardiac surgery with adverse impacts on surgical outcomes. Advanced age is an independent risk factor for delirium occurrence but its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Although increased A1 astrocytes and abnormal hippocampal networks are involved in neurodegenerative diseases, whether A1 astrocytes and hippocampal network changes are involved in the delirium‐like behavior of aged mice remains unknown. In the present study, a mice model of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion mimicking cardiac surgery and various assessments were used to investigate the different susceptibility of the occurrence of delirium‐like behavior between young and aged mice and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that surgery significantly increased hippocampal A1 astrocyte activation in aged compared to young mice. The high neuroinflammatory state induced by surgery resulted in glutamate accumulation in the extrasynaptic space, which subsequently decreased the excitability of pyramidal neurons and increased the PV interneurons inhibition through enhancing N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors' tonic currents in the hippocampus. These further induced the abnormal activities of the hippocampal neural networks and consequently contributed to delirium‐like behavior in aged mice. Notably, the intraperitoneal administration of exendin‐4, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, downregulated A1 astrocyte activation and alleviated delirium‐like behavior in aged mice, while IL‐1α, TNF‐α, and C1q in combination administered intracerebroventricularly upregulated A1 astrocyte activation and induced delirium‐like behavior in young mice. Therefore, our study suggested that cardiac surgery increased A1 astrocyte activation which subsequently impaired the hippocampal neural networks and triggered delirium development.
Seeing our world in 16:9 aspect ratio
Authors: Menzies Charles
Published: December 2023

A reflection on making Indigenous films in a colonized world. The author draws on his experience as an Indigenous filmmaker to reflect on the settler's gaze and its implications for an Indigenous film practice. This is accomplished through telling stories and reflecting on films made over several decades.
6‐Nitrodopamine is an endogenous mediator of the rabbit corpus cavernosum relaxation
Authors: Lima Antonio Tiago , Britto‐Júnior José , Moraes Manoel Odorico , Moraes Maria Elisabete A. , Fregonesi Adriano , Monica Fabíola Z. , Antunes Edson , De Nucci Gilberto
Published: December 2023

Background

6‐Nitrodopamine (6‐ND) is a novel endogenous catecholamine that has a potent relaxant action on vascular smooth muscle in vitro.

Objectives

To evaluate the basal release of 6‐ND and noradrenaline from rabbit‐isolated corpus cavernosum (RbCC) and its relaxing action on this tissue.

Methods

Rabbit corpus cavernosa were dissected and suspended in a 5‐mL organ bath containing oxygenated Krebs‐Henseleit's solution. 6‐ND and noradrenaline release was quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The relaxant activity of 6‐ND was assessed in RbCC strips pre‐contracted with endothelin‐1 (10 nM).

Results

Rabbit corpus cavernosum presented basal release of both 6‐ND (2.9 ± 0.8 ng/mL, n = 12) and noradrenaline (1.7 ± 1.3 ng/mL, n = 12). The 6‐ND release was reduced by pre‐treatment with Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME) (100 µM), whereas that of noradrenaline was unaffected. Tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 µM) abolished the noradrenaline release but had no effect on 6‐ND release, indicating a non‐neurogenic origin for 6‐ND. 6‐ND and the selective dopamine D2‐agonist L‐741,626 caused concentration‐dependent RbCC relaxations (pEC50 of 11 ± 0.15 and 11.15 ± 0.28, respectively). Pre‐treatment with either l‐NAME or the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H‐[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐on (ODQ) (100 µM) caused a rightward shift of the concentration–response curve to 6‐ND, without affecting the L‐741,626 responses. In TTX (100 nM)‐pre‐treated preparations, neither l‐NAME nor ODQ shifted the 6‐ND concentration–response curve. Dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline caused concentration‐dependent RbCC contractions. Pre‐incubation with 6‐ND concentration‐dependently inhibited the dopamine‐induced contractions, without affecting those induced by either noradrenaline or adrenaline.

Discussion and conclusion

6‐Nitrodopamine is the most potent endogenous relaxant agent in RbCC ever described and represents a novel mechanism by which NO causes corpus cavernosum smooth muscle relaxation. The finding that 6‐ND acts as a truly selective dopamine D2‐receptor antagonist indicates that the balance of dopamine and 6‐ND release/synthesis may be the main mechanism that modulates corpus cavernosum smooth muscle tonus in vivo.
The effect of patient age on some new and older IOL power calculation formulas
Authors: Sella Ruti , Reitblat Olga , Durnford Kathryn M. , Pettey Jeff H. , Olson Randall J. , Hahn Tara E. , Bernhisel Ashlie A. , Afshari Natalie A.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To assess the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in different age groups using various IOL calculation formulas.

Methods

Data from 421 eyes of 421 patients ≥60 years old (ages: 60–69, n = 131; 70–74, n = 105; 75–84, n = 158 and ≥85, n = 27), who underwent uneventful cataract surgery with SN60WF IOL implantation at John A. Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, USA, were retrospectively obtained. The SD of the prediction error (PE), median and mean absolute PEs and the percentage of eyes within ±0.25, ±0.50, ±0.75 and ±1.00 D were calculated after constant optimizations for the following formulas: Barrett Universal II (BUII), Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) 2.0, Haigis, Hoffer Q, Hoffer QST, Holladay 1, Kane, Radial Basis Function (RBF) 3.0 and SRK/T. Results were compared between the different age groups.

Results

Predictability rates within 0.25D were lower for the eldest age group compared with the other groups using the EVO 2.0 (33% vs. 37%–53%, p = 0.045), Kane (26% vs. 35%–50%, p = 0.034) and SRK/T (22% vs. 31%–49%, p = 0.002). Higher median absolute refractive errors for all formulas were observed in the oldest group [range: 0.39 D (Haigis, Hoffer QSR)–0.48 D (Kane)], followed by the youngest group [range: 0.30 D (RBF 3.0)–0.39 D (Holladay 1, SRK/T)] but did not reach statistical significance. No significant differences between the groups in the distribution parameter were seen.

Conclusion

Current IOL power calculation formulas may have variable accuracy for different age groups. This should be taken into account when planning cataract surgery to improve refractive outcomes.
An orally available Cav2.2 calcium channel inhibitor for the treatment of neuropathic pain
Authors: Kutzsche Janine , Guzman Gustavo A. , Willuweit Antje , Kletke Olaf , Wollert Esther , Gering Ian , Jürgens Dagmar , Breitkreutz Jörg , Stark Holger , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. , Klöcker Nikolaj , Hidalgo Patricia , Willbold Dieter
Published: December 2023

Background and Purpose

Neuropathic pain affects up to 10% of the global population and is caused by an injury or a disease affecting the somatosensory, peripheral, or central nervous system. NP is characterized by chronic, severe and opioid‐resistant properties. Therefore, its clinical management remains very challenging. The N‐type voltage‐gated calcium channel, Cav2.2, is a validated target for therapeutic intervention in chronic and neuropathic pain. The conotoxin ziconotide (Prialt®) is an FDA‐approved drug that blocks Cav2.2 channel but needs to be administered intrathecally. Thus, although being principally efficient, the required application route is very much in disfavour.

Experimental Approach and Key Results

Here, we describe an orally available drug candidate, RD2, which competes with ziconotide binding to Cav2.2 at nanomolar concentrations and inhibits Cav2.2 almost completely reversible. Other voltage‐gated calcium channel subtypes, like Cav1.2 and Cav3.2, were affected by RD2 only at concentrations higher than 10 μM. Data from sciatic inflammatory neuritis rat model demonstrated the in vivo proof of concept, as low‐dose RD2 (5 mg·kg‐1) administered orally alleviated neuropathic pain compared with vehicle controls. High‐dose RD2 (50 mg·kg‐1) was necessary to reduce pain sensation in acute thermal response assessed by the tail flick test.

Conclusions and Implications

Taken together, these results demonstrate that RD2 has antiallodynic properties. RD2 is orally available, which is the most convenient application form for patients and caregivers. The surprising and novel result from standard receptor screens opens the room for further optimization into new promising drug candidates, which address an unmet medical need.
Increased body mass index is negatively associated with ovarian reserve as measured by anti‐Müllerian hormone in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Kloos Jacqueline , Perez Jaime , Weinerman Rachel
Published: December 2023

Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) is commonly used as a marker of ovarian reserve. Although obesity is associated with decreased fertility, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and AMH remains uncertain, hindering the accurate interpretation of AMH. We sought to assess the relationship between serum AMH and BMI in patients with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This study analysed 500 patients at a single centre between 2020 and 2021. Patients were divided into cohorts: those with BMI <40 kg/m2 and those with BMI >40 kg/m2. Patients with and without PCOS were included. Chi‐square tests, Fisher's exact tests, multiple linear regression analysis and independent t‐tests were performed as appropriate. In the general study population, serum AMH was not significantly different in the BMI >40 kg/m2 group compared to the BMI <40 kg/m2 group (4.3 ± 5.6 vs. 4.3 ± 5.6, p = .35). Patient ages between these two groups differed, with an average age of 35.4 ± 5.4 years in the BMI <40 kg/m2 group and 33.7 ± 5.4 years in the BMI <40 kg/m2 group (p = .031). Our multivariate regression analysis, which adjusted for age, demonstrated a significant interaction effect between BMI and PCOS diagnosis, indicating that the relationship between BMI and AMH is dependent on PCOS status (β = −.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.05, 0.00, p = .044). In patients without PCOS, we found a non‐significant relationship between AMH and BMI (β = .00, 95% CI −0.01, 0.01, p = .7); however, in patients with PCOS, AMH significantly decreased as BMI increased (β = −.03, 95% CI −0.06, 0.00, p = .034). BMI has an inverse association with AMH levels in patients with PCOS, indicating a need for future research to determine if that interaction represents a clinically significant negative effect on reproductive function.
Icatibant averting mechanical ventilation in acute ischemic stroke patient with alteplase‐induced orolingual angioedema
Authors: Theodorou Aikaterini , Dimitriadou Evangelia‐Makrina , Tzanetakos Dimitrios , Bakola Eleni , Chondrogianni Maria , Palaiodimou Lina , Keramida Anna , Vassilopoulou Sofia , Makris Michael , Paraskevas Georgios P. , Tsivgoulis Georgios
Published: December 2023

Background and purpose

Orolingual angioedema (OA) represents a rare but life‐threatening complication among patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase. Novel agents, including icatibant, are recommended in resistant patients with alteplase‐induced OA who have failed to respond to first‐line therapies including corticosteroids, antihistamines, and/or adrenaline.

Methods

We present a patient with alteplase‐induced OA who showed substantial clinical improvement following the administration of icatibant.

Results

We describe a 71‐year‐old woman with known arterial hypertension under treatment with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, who presented with acute ischemic stroke in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery and received intravenous alteplase. During intravenous thrombolysis, the case was complicated with OA without any response to standard anaphylactic treatment including corticosteroids, dimetindene, and adrenaline. Thirty minutes after symptom onset, icatibant, a synthetic selective bradykinin B2‐receptor antagonist, was administered subcutaneously. Substantial symptomatic resolution was observed only following the icatibant administration.

Conclusions

This case highlights the effectiveness of icatibant in the acute management of alteplase‐induced OA. In particular, icatibant administration, following first‐line therapies including corticosteroids, antihistamines, and/or adrenaline, may avert tracheostomy and intubation in resistant and refractory cases with OA following intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.
A model of hope as a protective measure to lower burnout and secondary traumatic stress among employees working in developmental and intellectual disabilities services
Authors: Miller Christina R. , Pharris Angela B. , Hellman Chan M. , Swann Joshua
Published: December 2023

Background

Burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS) are problems for the workforce supporting people with developmental disabilities. This study investigated hope as a potential protective resource for burnout and STS among the developmental disability services workforce.

Method

One hundred and fifty‐two non‐supervisor caseworkers from a state agency, developmental disabilities division were recruited to participate in an anonymous web‐based survey.

Results

The analyses showed that hope was negatively associated with the three dimensions of STS (intrusion, avoidance, and arousal) and burnout. Controlling for tenure in the workforce and STS, the results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that hope accounted for a significant incremental variance to burnout.

Conclusion

These findings provide support for emerging literature showing hope as a protective resource to workforce burnout.
THE MODERN OIL INDUSTRY IN IRAN: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND REVIEW
Authors: Ala Mike , Sorkhabi Rasoul
Published: December 2023

The production of petroleum substances has a long historical tradition in Iran. Glance (1970) reported that the “first man‐made oil well was dug” in the ancient city of Susa (present‐day Shush), about 40 km northwest of Ahwaz, in 500 BC during the reign of the Achaemenid emperor Darius I. Writing in the fifth century BC, Herodotus described petroleum production near a place called Ardericca, probably present‐day Masjed Soleyman, located 210 furlongs from Susa (Lees, 1950). The petroleum substances produced included bitumen which was used in construction and the waterproofing of ships. Sorkhabi (2005) detailed the petroleum history in Iran during ancient and medieval times.

The modern quest for oil in Iran dates from the second half of the 19th century. From a historical perspective, this modern period can be divided into six distinct phases: (i) The early years, 1872–1900; (ii) The Anglo‐Persian years, 1901–1932; (iii) The Anglo‐Iranian Years and Nationalization, 1933–1953; (iv) The second Pahlavi years, 1954–1978 including the rise of OPEC; (v) The Islamic Revolution and Iran‐Iraq War, 1979–1989; and (vi) Buyback Contracts and US Sanctions, 1990–Present. The search for oil was singularly unsuccessful during the first of these phases and the early years of the second phase. However, after a difficult six‐year exploration campaign, oil in commercial quantities was struck in the early hours of 26 May, 1908 at Maidan‐e Naftun, which in later years achieved world fame as the Masjed Soleyman oil field. Since then, more than 120 oil and gas field discoveries have been made in Iran's onshore areas and its territorial waters in the Persian Gulf.

The story of oil has always been an emotive and politically charged issue in Iran and has been the focus of great national interest and debate for over a century. Certainly, the discovery in 1908 marked a milestone in Iran's 20th century history: it ushered in a new era – an era not only of progress and prosperity, but also of social and political upheaval and turmoil that has not yet ended (Ala, 2007). In this paper, important events in each of the historical phases identified above are briefly reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the emergence of the modern petroleum industry in Iran, and the early phases are covered in particular detail.
Structure and agency between French and Morphogenetic Régulation
Authors: Knio Karim , Sommer Brandon
Published: December 2023

This article examines the gradual evolution of the French Régulation school (FR) for the study of capitalism through the lens of structure and agency. The analysis first segments the school into two epochs, the early Régulation, led by authors Aglietta and Lipietz, and the later Régulation, which saw the rise of Boyer. We find that the gradual progression that occurred within the FR school is linked to its authors' implicit ontic engagement with structure and agency, which, in turn, provides natural linkages to Critical Realism. In the second part of the paper, we demonstrate how the comparison between Morphogenetic Régulation and French Régulation (FR) can facilitate a much deeper reading of the structure‐agency debate pertaining to the transformation of capitalism. In so doing, it discusses the value addedness of Morphogenetic Régulation through three specific concepts by stressing their relevance for contemporary studies in international political economy. These concepts are: stratified emergence; causality and the problématique of hierarchy.
Knowledge on cause, clinical manifestation and treatment for fibromyalgia among medical doctors: A worldwide survey
Authors: Van Wilgen C. Paul , Ucles‐Juarez Ruben , Krutko Denis , Li Yijun , Polli Andrea , Syed Anwar , Zampese Stefano , Reis Felipe J. J. , de Zeeuw Janine
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Hench introduced the fibromyalgia syndrome almost 50 years ago. In the meantime, the prevalence has increased, the clinical criteria have changed and the way we explain (chronic) pain has altered.

Design

In the current study, we conducted a worldwide survey in which we investigate whether medical doctors are familiar with the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for fibromyalgia and, if so, whether these medical doctors adhere to the clinical guidelines following evidence‐based treatments.

Results

In total, 286 medical doctors from 43 countries spread over 6 continents filled out the survey. In most of the countries, the diagnosis fibromyalgia was used. Only 10% adhere to the ACR criteria, widespread pain (44%), unrefreshed sleep (24%), fatigue (20%) and cognitive problems (8%) were most used diagnostic criteria. Of the respondents, 94 (32%) mentioned that the cause is unknown or idiopathic, but also a wide variety of other causes was mentioned. More than 70 different treatment options were provided, of which 24% of the responses were classified as according to the clinical guidelines. From this study, we conclude that many medical doctors do not follow the ACR criteria; the majority has an inappropriate knowledge of causes for fibromyalgia and that a minority of treatment advice adhere to the guidelines.
Estimation of serum and tissue level of interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) and IL‐15 receptor alpha (IL‐15Rα) in mycosis fungoides before and after phototherapy: An interventional cohort study
Authors: Mogawer Rania M , Youssef Randa , Helmy Kholoud , Emad Nourhan , Shaker Olfat , Orabi Sarah
Published: December 2023

Background

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a chronic, highly recurrent cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, whose pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. Interleukin‐15 was previously highlighted as a viability factor for cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma with previous studies shedding light on its role in pathogenesis of MF and its plausibility as a potential therapeutic target.

Objective

This study was conducted to evaluate serum and tissue expression of IL‐15 and IL‐15Rα in early cases of MF (IA, IB, IIA) at baseline and following phototherapy.

Materials and Methods

Fourteen early MF cases were recruited. Samples were withdrawn prior to starting phototherapy treatment and following near complete clearance of the biopsied lesion or after a maximum of 36 sessions of phototherapy. Samples were assessed for change in expression of IL‐15 and IL‐15 Rα levels following treatment, whose levels were compared to healthy controls.

Results

Serum and tissue levels of IL‐15 and IL‐15Rα in early MF cases were significantly higher at baseline than their levels following phototherapy treatment and higher than healthy controls. However, they dropped significantly following treatment with no statistical difference between treated cases and controls, apart from serum IL‐15Rα that remained significantly elevated than controls.

Conclusion

Interleukin‐15 and its receptor alpha appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of MF, being significantly elevated than healthy controls, which were normalized following phototherapy treatment, apart from serum IL‐15Rα, which remained elevated. Controlling IL‐15/IL‐15Rα expression is a newly proposed mechanism of action of phototherapy in MF.
Notification and follow‐up of blood donors reactive for transfusion‐transmitted infections: A narrative review of the literature from India
Authors: Chaurasia Rahul , Patidar Gopal Kumar , Pandey Hem Chandra , Meher Radheshyam
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives

Notifying blood donors of their reactive status for transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs) plays a vital role in enabling early diagnosis and management while also preventing these donors from making future donation and transmission of the infectious agent. Given the limited data on donor notification processes in India, a narrative review was conducted to assess the existing notification process and identify areas requiring enhancement.

Materials and Methods

We conducted literature searches using PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, employing various keywords. The review included data on the year of the study, study design, donor numbers, TTI screening methods, sero‐reactive donor confirmation, notification frequency and methods, donor responses, post‐test counselling and risk factor assessment.

Results

Out of the 29 identified articles, 16 studies were included in the analysis. Repeat testing for initially reactive results was conducted in nine studies for 24.3% reactive donors. Phone calls were the primary notification method in most studies (8; 50%), with letters sent in cases of no response. Only 12 studies provided data on notified donors, revealing a notification rate of 71.2%. Of all initially reactive donors, 33.3% sought post‐test counselling. Data from six studies indicated that 74.3% of responsive donors had identifiable TTI risk factors.

Conclusion

Our review revealed significant variability in the notification processes across different studies. To enhance the management of TTI‐reactive donor notifications and responses, we recommend the establishment of universal protocols encompassing pre‐donation counselling, repeat/confirmatory testing, notification methods and comprehensive follow‐up and treatment.
Drag-Mitigating Dynamic Flight Path Design and Sensitivity Analysis for an Ultra-Long Tether Underwater Kite
Authors: Abney Andrew , Fine Jacob , Vermillion Chris
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a computational study of an underwater kite operating in environments requiring tethers exceeding a kilometer in length, referred to herein as ultralong tether (ULT) applications. Leveraging a detailed dynamic model of the kite and tether, we study the relationship between path shape and tether drag at varying tether lengths in order to develop meaningful insights as to the operation of systems that require ultralong tethers in order to reach viable flow resources. An initial study of a ULT kite application operating in a uniform flow field is presented, demonstrating that with an appropriately designed flight path, the kite is able to suppress the motion of the majority of the tether in order to achieve an order of magnitude greater power output than can be achieved with a straight tether, which is the typical assumption used in a performance estimation. Tether drag mitigation is characterized through the use of a novel metric termed effective tether length, which characterizes the total length of tether engaged in drag production. It is shown that a high-performance path shape can reduce the effect of tether drag by over 50%. This performance is shown to be comparable to the multi-airborne wind energy system (MAWES) proposed by Leuthold et al. (2017, “Induction in Optimal Control of Multiple-Kite Airborne Wind Energy Systems,” IFAC-PapersOnLine, 50(1), pp. 153–158; 2018, “Operational Regions of a Multi-Kite Awe System,” 2018 European Control Conference (ECC), IEEE, Limassol, Cyprus, June 13–15, pp. 52–57), which suppresses tether motion through mechanical design rather than merely though careful path selection and control. This initial study in a uniform flow field is followed by two sensitivity studies: one that assesses performance in realistic environments where the flow magnitude is a function of altitude above the seabed and a second that assesses the impact of tether drag reduction techniques. It will be shown that by careful selection of path shape, site, and tether design, a single kite in a ULT marine application can achieve performance rivaling that of the MAWES without the extra required mechanical complexity.
The Effectiveness of Modified Atkins Ketogenic Diet on Children with Intractable Epilepsy: A Pilot Study from Indonesia
Authors: Rafli Achmad , Handryastuti Setyo , Karyanti Mulya Rahma , Devaera Yoga , Hafifah Cut Nurul , Mangunatmadja Irawan , Kadim Muzal , Herini Elisabeth Siti , Nofi Lora Sri , Ratnawati Ariek , Fitrianti Suci
Published: December 2023

Background. The ketogenic diet has recently been explored as a potential treatment approach for intractable epilepsy in children and has been applied in various parts of the world. The ketogenic diet is also effective for the treatment of mood disorders, especially for adolescent and young adults with epilepsy. The Modified Atkins Diet (MAD) is the less restrictive type of ketogenic diet with similar principles as the classic type. However, no study has been conducted to evaluate the use of MAD in children with severe epilepsy in Indonesia. This study aims to assess the effectiveness, tolerance, compliance, and the adverse effects of MAD in children with intractable epilepsy during a 6-month monitoring period. Methods. This is a pilot experimental study involving children aged 2–18 years old with intractable epilepsy at the Pediatric Neurology and the Pediatric Nutrition & Metabolic Diseases Clinics at the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta between November 2021 and June 2022. Results. A total of 31 subjects met the inclusion criteria and received the MAD in the first month, followed by 13 (41.9%) subjects in the third month, and 9 (29%) subjects in the sixth month. The MAD reduced the seizure frequency by 50% (p=0.144), 62% (p=0.221), and 83.3% (p=0.028) in the first, third, and sixth months, respectively. The most frequent adverse effects are vomiting and diarrhea. Noncompliance was observed in 18 (58.1%) subjects. A sample of the MAD food menu guidebook was developed to make it easier for parents to adhere to the diet. Conclusions. The MAD reduces the mean seizure frequency in children with intractable epilepsy in the first, third, and sixth months, with a statistical significance in the sixth month. A further randomized, controlled, and multicenter clinical trial with a larger sample size and longer observation period is required. This trial is registered with Protocol ID 20-10-1323.
Supplementary Table 3 from p53R245W Mutation Fuels Cancer Initiation and Metastases in NASH-driven Liver Tumorigenesis
Authors: Dibra Denada , Gagea Mihai , Qi Yuan , Chau Gilda P. , Su Xiaoping , Lozano Guillermina
Published: December 2023

Gene names, E-value, and motif diagrams from the MEME MAST analysis of 141 DEGs from Supplementary Table 2 examined for p53 response elements in 10KB upstream of the start site
Supplementary Figure 2 from p53R245W Mutation Fuels Cancer Initiation and Metastases in NASH-driven Liver Tumorigenesis
Authors: Dibra Denada , Gagea Mihai , Qi Yuan , Chau Gilda P. , Su Xiaoping , Lozano Guillermina
Published: December 2023

Tumor free survival curves of animals fed a regular or HFCD diet
Data from p53R245W Mutation Fuels Cancer Initiation and Metastases in NASH-driven Liver Tumorigenesis
Authors: Dibra Denada , Gagea Mihai , Qi Yuan , Chau Gilda P. , Su Xiaoping , Lozano Guillermina
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Obesity is a significant global health concern. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are common risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and are closely associated with metabolic comorbidities, including obesity and diabetes. The TP53 tumor suppressor is the most frequently mutated gene in liver cancers, with half of these alterations being missense mutations. These mutations produce highly abundant proteins in cancer cells which have both inhibitory effects on wildtype (WT) p53, and gain-of-function (GOF) activities that contribute to tumor progression. A Western diet increases p53 activity in the liver. To elucidate the functional consequences of Trp53 mutations in a NASH-driven liver tumorigenesis model, we generated somatic mouse models with Trp53 deletion or the missense hotspot mutant p53R245W only in hepatocytes and placed mice on a high-fat, choline-deficient diet. p53R245W in the presence of diet increased fatty liver, compensatory proliferation in the liver parenchyma, and enriched genes of tumor-promoting pathways such as KRAS signaling, MYC, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition when compared with controls in the premalignant liver. Moreover, p53R245W suppressed transcriptional activity of WT p53 in the liver in vivo under metabolic challenges, and shortened survival and doubling of HCC incidence as compared with control heterozygous mice. Complete loss of Trp53 also significantly accelerated liver tumor incidence and lowered time-to-tumor development compared with WT controls. p53R245W GOF properties increased carcinoma initiation, fueled mixed hepatocholangial carcinoma incidence, and tripled metastatic disease. Collectively, our in vivo studies indicate that p53R245W has stronger tumor promoting activities than Trp53 loss in the context of NASH.
Significance:
Using somatic NASH-driven mouse models with p53 deletion or mutant p53R245W only in hepatocytes, we discovered that p53R245W increased carcinoma initiation, fueled hepatocholangial carcinoma incidence, and tripled metastases.
Association of Abnormal Lung Function and Its Subtypes With Arterial Stiffness: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Zhiyuan , Zhang Haiping , Jiang Yue , Li Zhiwei , Wang Yutao , Tian Yixing , Guo Zheng , Zheng Yulu , Li Xia , Tao Lixin , Guo Xiuhua
Published: December 2023

Background

Prior studies have reported the cross‐sectional relationship between lung function and arterial stiffness, while the longitudinal association remains unclear to date. This study aimed to investigate whether abnormal lung function and its subtypes at baseline are associated with increased arterial stiffness using a cohort.

Methods and Results

This was a secondary analysis extracting 2461 participants from Beijing Health Management Cohort as baseline and annually followed for development of arterial stiffness. Abnormal lung function was defined by forced expiratory volume in 1s <80% of the predicted value, forced vital capacity of the predicted value, or forced expiratory volume in 1s/forced vital capacity ratio <70%. Increased arterial stiffness was determined by brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity ≥1400 cm/s. Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratio and population attributable fraction. The mean age was 42.8±8.1 years, and 444 (18.0%) cases developed increased arterial stiffness during a median follow‐up of 3.0 years. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) of arterial stiffness was 1.47 (95% CI, 1.10–1.96) for abnormal lung function, with a population attributable fraction of 3.9% (95% CI, 0.8–7.1). Of subtypes, only obstructive ventilatory dysfunction was significantly associated with arterial stiffness (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.27–3.36]), not restricted ventilatory dysfunction (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.54–1.65]). Consistent results were observed on multiple sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

Our study indicated a longitudinal association of abnormal lung function with increased arterial stiffness using a large cohort, especially for the obstructive ventilatory dysfunction.