Nanodiamond as a drug delivery vehicle and gene therapy tool
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz 
Published: June 2021

Using nanodiamond (ND) as an effective medication delivery vehicle offers tremendous optimism and anticipation. This topic has received considerable attention despite being a relatively young field of nanodiamond research. Great efforts have concentrated on material development, surface conjugation, and cytotoxicity research, all aimed at using ND for bio/medical applications, notably in bioimaging and more effective drug administration. ND-mediated medication delivery has made considerable progress in the past decade. Different techniques of conjugating different ND surface medicines to ND-X complexes target different cancers or tumors; extremely favorable results were obtained from cell and animal models. While this affects the field of nanomedicine, it is not yet apparent whether and when clinical translations will occur. Many issues persist. Materials are the first issue. The Nanodiamond originates from numerous manufacturing firms in varied sizes and shapes, created with different techniques with different surfaces and impurities. It exhibits highly diverse surface characteristics and cytotoxicity. All applications must take care of the surface, conjugation and toxicity tests. It's time-consuming and cost-consuming, and outcomes vary. These add to the cost of developing an animal and clinical complex. To establish requirements for nanodiamond materials appropriate for medical use, characterization or regulation is essential. This helps to scale up and decrease manufacturing costs, and also to converge on the outcome for applications. Moreover, while numerous imaging and therapeutic applications have been made using ND to create ND-X for drug administration, the route to clinics seems hard. As a result, the majority of cellular and animal research is a short-term observation with no long-term safety evaluation.The maximum allowable dose of ND and medication inside the animal appears to be an important parameter for clinical translation; the outcome (or fate) and biodistribution of nanodiamond retention in the animal's body requires long-term evidence to support ND's safe therapeutic use.ND's future focus will be on bio/medical applications. Many concepts were accomplished at the animal model level. This feat will surely draw attention from pharmaceutical, medical, and material producers. Clinical translations are expected in the future as interdisciplinary efforts are incorporated into the development of ND-mediated drug delivery.Nanodiamond particle aggregation and well-dispersed nanodiamonds for bio/medical applications. Studies of numerous animal models of the biodistribution of ND throughout the animal's body and its long-term destiny in the organs. Controlled drug delivery through ND-mediated, pH-sensitive animal model delivery. Nanodiamond conjugation methods use covalent bonding or physical adsorption for distribution to optimize efficacy and decrease the adverse effects of anticancer medicines. Recently, advancements in ND-drugs have targeted various animal models of malignancies.of drugs supplied to target locations are more efficient, and drug retention in tumors is longer than a pure drug. Promising clinical translations.