bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Pulsed Modes in the Electrochemical Polishing of Corrosion-Resistant Steels
Authors: Aliakseyeu Yu. G. , Korolyov A. Yu. , Niss V. S. , Parshuto A. E. , Budnitskiy A. S.
Published: July 2019

However, the ECP in its classical form has a number of significant drawbacks. One of them is a dependence of treatment modes and electrolyte compositions on the processed material. In addition, aggressive expensive electrolytes that require special technologies for disposal are used for ECP. Electrolytes in ECP often require heating to a temperature of 60–90 °C. Processing at such temperatures causes significant harm to the environment and production personnel. To eliminate the existing disadvantages of the ECP and expand its technological capabilities, a processing method with application of pulsed unipolar and bipolar modes has been proposed. As a result, fundamentally new processes of pulse ECP with a pulse duration of 0.05–20.00 ms have been developed. They provide a reduction of energy costs for the process and high efficiency of polishing in comparison with traditional DC polishing. The rate of smoothing micro-roughness of the treated surface related to the total metal removal is significantly increased. The use of pulse modes in comparison with traditional ECP allows processing in universal electrolytes of simple compositions based on sulfuric and orthophosphoric acids without addition of chromium anhydride. Application of the developed pulse modes, which will provide at low metal removal a significant change in surface roughness, is the most appropriate for the ECP of precise parts, products or parts of small cross-section and rigidity, such as medical devices for minimally invasive surgery, precision engineering parts, etc. The paper presents results of a study for influence of pulsed unipolar and bipolar ECP modes on the surface quality of stainless steel specimens, as well as a comparative analysis of the efficiency of using pulsed ECP modes instead of DC polishing. The technological parameters of ECP using pulsed modes, providing the highest quality surface polishing with high efficiency of micro-roughness smoothing and low energy consumption have been established in the paper.
Calculation of the Optimum Cone Angle of a Confuser Used for Reversive-Jet Cleaning of Metal Surfaces against Corrosion
Authors: Kachanov I. V. , Zhuk A. N. , Shatalov I. M. , Veremenyuk V. V. , Filipchik A. V.
Published: July 2019

The modern industrial production of the Republic of Belarus is characterized by the absence of its own raw material base and significant dependence on imported energy carriers and material resources supplied at world prices. When working in such conditions, production efficiency can be achieved through all-round economy and creation of modern energyand resource-saving technologies. However implementation of such technologies, for example, laser cutting and welding, cladding, flame spraying, painting, etc. directly depends on quality of cleaning metal surfaces from corrosion. Theoretical and experimental studies conducted at the Department of Shipbuilding and Hydraulics of the Belarusian National Technical University have shown that it is very economical to remove corrosion products from metal surfaces using new technology of reverse jet cleaning. The reverse jet cleaning technology is based on a physical principle which presupposes that a jet of working fluid (pulp based on river sand or bentonite clay) rotates 180º when it hits the surface to be cleaned and it leads to an increase in jet impact on the surface to be cleaned by 1.5–2 times due to occurrence of a reactive component. In order to ensure a marked jet reversal an original case design has been developed which is characterized by a patent novelty. One of the main elements in this design is a confuser-shaped stream-forming device. Theoretical investigations on pressure losses of working fluid in a confuser channel which are based on the study of functional at the extremum have made it possible to obtain a dependence for calculation of an optimal cone angle at a turbulent mode of motion within the range of Reynolds numbers 4000 < Re < 3 ×106 while taking into account an influence of working fluid density, its dynamic or kinematic viscosity, average velocity movement of working fluid, confuser radii.
Filter Kalman for solving the problem of coordinates unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Arefyev N. N.
Published: July 2019

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in military and scientific research. Some miniaturized UAVs rely entirely on the global positioning system (GPS) for navigation. GPS is vulnerable to accidental or deliberate interference that can cause it to fail. It is not unusual, even in a benign environment, for a GPS outage to occur for periods of seconds to minutes. For UAVs relying solely on GPS for navigation such an event can be catastrophic. This article proposes an extended Kalman filter approach to estimate the location of a UAV when its GPS connection is lost, using inter-UAV distance measurements Increasing the accuracy of coordinate’s determination is one of the most crucial tasks of the modern UAV navigation. This task can be solved by using different variants of integration of navigation systems. One of the modern variants of integration is the combination of GPS/GLONASS-navigation with the extended Kalman filter, which estimates the accuracy recursively with the help of incomplete and noisy measurements. Currently different variations of extended Kalman filter exist and are under development, which include various number of variable states [1]. This article will show the utilization efficiency of extended Kalman filter in modern developments.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PROPORTIONALITY PRINCIPLE IN ISLAMIC CROWDFUNDING IN INDONESIA
Authors: Raden Roro Fiska Silvia , Hernoko Agus Yudha , Anand Ghansham
Published: July 2019

Proportionality is a legal principle not only requires equility of the rights and obligations among parties based on competing values, but also has purpose to deliver justice among parties. This principle is in line with the Al Musawah principle in the Islamic contract or agreement which it also has the same goal: ad ‘adl wa tawazun. This principle is the implementation of the principle of good faith, the principle of transactions based on honesty including in terms of determining the profit margin. The research significance are to provide enhance knowledge about proportionality principle in Islamic crowdfunding in Indonesia, especially in financing contract in Islamic financial technology as a new business innovation scheme. This paper in order to promote the impartial perception and to harmonize the Islamic law and Indonesian laws. The type of the research is legal research. The research methods apply the conceptual approach to the the Islamic crowdfunding under proportionality principle in financing contract.
The predictor factors for positive surgical margins in patients of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Lijin , Wu Bin , Zha Zhenlei , Qu Wei , Zhao Hu , Yuan Jun , Feng Yejun
Published: July 2019

Background and objectives

The previous studies had demonstrate that positive surgical margins (PSMs) was independent predictive factor for biochemical and oncologic outcome in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to identify predictive factors for PSMs after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods

We selected eligible studies via electronic database of PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE from inception to February 2019. The risk factors for PSMs following RP were identificated. The pooled estimates of standardized mean differences (SMDs)/ odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. A fixed-effect or random-effect was used to pool the estimates. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the reasons for heterogeneity.

Results

Twenty two studies including 44,144 patients with PCa were eligible for further analysis. The results showed that PSMs were significantly associated with preoperative PSA(pooled SMD=0.44; 95% CI:0.35–0.54; P<0.001), biopsy Gleason Score (< 6/ ≥7) (pooled OR=1.51; 95% CI:1.26–1.81; P<0.001), pathological Gleason Score (< 6/ ≥7) (pooled OR= 2.34; 95% CI:2.02–2.71; P<0.001), pathological stage (<0.001), positive lymph node (pooled OR=3.08; 95% CI:1.94–5.01; P<0.001), extraprostatic extension (pooled OR=4.86; 95% CI:3.11–7.57; P<0.001) and seminal vesicle invasion (pooled OR=3.56; 95% CI:2,26–5.62; P<0.001). However, we found that age (pooled SMD=-0.01; 95% CI: -0.07–0.04; P=0.656), body mass index (pooled SMD=0.06; 95% CI: -0.03–0.15; P=0.173), prostate volume (pooled SMD=-0.28; 95% CI: -0.62–0.05; P=0.097) and nerve sparing (pooled OR=0.94; 95% CI: 0.68–1.29; P=0.705) had no effect on PSMs after RC. Besides, the findings in this study were demonstrated to be reliable by our sensitivity and subgroup analysis.

Conclusions

preoperative PSA, biopsy Gleason Score, pathological Gleason Score, pathological stage, positive lymph node, extraprostatic extension and seminal vesicle invasion are independent predictors of PSMs after RC. These results may useful to risk stratification and individualized therapy in PCa patients.
Šeštokų žodyno plėtimo frazeologizmais problemos
Authors: Milaševičienė Lina , Bražienė Nijolė
Published: July 2019

Gimtoji kalba yra ne tik informacijos perdavimo ir gavimo instrumentas, bet ir žmogaus mąstymo, tautos sąmonės ir kultūros atspindys. Būtent dviem kalbos funkcijoms – bendravimo ir atspindžio, ypač pastarajai, realizuoti labai svarbi lietuvių kalbos leksikos dalis – frazeologizmai, kurie dėl objektyvių ir subjektyvių priežasčių nyksta iš kasdienės kalbos vartosenos. Nors pagrindinio ugdymo bendrosiose programose frazeologizmų mokymui(si) keliami reikalavimai atpažinti frazeologizmus, suprasti jų perkeltines reikšmes bei žinoti jų paskirtį, įsidėmėti ir vartoti, lietuvių kalbos vadovėliuose ir pratybų sąsiuviniuose V–VI klasėms teorinių žinių ir praktinių užduočių frazeologizmams mokyti(s) pakanka, tačiau atlikus VI klasės mokinių kalbos žodyno frazeologizmų vartojimo aspektu tyrimą nustatyta, kad mokiniai sunkiai atpažįsta frazeologizmus rišliame tekste, neįžvelgia frazeologizmo ribų, painioja pastoviuosius ir laisvuosius žodžių junginius, sudarytus iš tų pačių elementų, neįsidėmėję pastoviosios frazeologizmo reikšmės, vartoja juos iš nuojautos ar tik spėdami galimą reikšmę, remdamiesi situacija, kurioje buvo girdėtas ir (ar) vartotas tasai žodžių junginys. Kurdami tekstus pagal užduotį – pavartoti frazeologizmų, mokiniai dažnai vartoja juos netikslingai. Neretai rašto darbuose tik vardija duotus ar atmintyje atgaivintus mokymo priemonėse skaitytus ir (ar) matytus frazeologizmus, nekurdami jiems tinkamos situacijos, neturi įgūdžių emociškai neutralius žodžius keisti frazeologizmais ir taip suteikti tekstui vaizdumo.
Modernization of Shot Blasting Procedure
Authors: Bukantaitė Simona , Čikotienė Dalia
Published: July 2019

Every company has the intention to produce the best quality product and get the highest profit. In the 21st century, it has become much harder to stay competitive because consumers have a large selection of equivalent goods. This article analyses company’s X growth in reference to the shot blasting process in order to investigate if modernization is feasible. Tests of shot blasting work place safety were carried out and all information submitted in a professional risk identification card. Calculations were made to investigate if the robotisation is profitable. Virtual simulation of robotic line was created with Visual Components software.
Analysis Of Selected Genetic Traits, Phenotypes, And The Epidemiological Threat Of Enterococcus Bacteria Resistant To Vancomycin
Authors: Rogóż Wojciech , Sypniewski Daniel , Bednarek Ilona
Published: July 2019

Enterococci are Gram-positive bacteria that belong to facultative anaerobic cocci. Species belonging to the Enterococcus genus generally display little infectious potential, although they can cause serious nosocomial infections. The groups at high risk include patients with proliferative diseases, chronic liver diseases, and graft recipients. Since 1980s infections with enterococci resistant to numerous antibiotics have been observed with increasing frequency. There are two independent ways of developing resistance to vancomycin, connected with the common use of vancomycin for MRSA treatment and the non-medical use of this antibiotic. Nine phenotypes of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal strains can be distinguished: VanA, VanB, VanC, VanD, VanE, VanG, VanL, VanM, VanN. These phenotypes differ at the molecular level to a different extent. Current treatments of enterococcal infections usually include drugs such as linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, daptomycin, tigecycline, and chloramphenicol. Data available from Europe and other parts of the world indicate a constant increase in the number of emerging VRE isolates, as well as strains resistant to antibiotics other than vancomycin.

1. Introduction. 2. Infections with enterococci. 3. Treatment of enterococcal infections and antimicrobial resistance. 4. Development of VRE phenomenon. 5. Drugs used to control infections with VRE strains. 6. Routes of VRE spread. 7. VRE phenotypes. 8. Molecular characteristics of VRE phenotypes. 9. Epidemiological situation in the world. 10. Epidemiological situation in Poland. 11. Epidemiological situation in Europe. 12. Summary
The Rhizosphere Microbiome And Its Beneficial Effects On Plants – Current Knowledge And Perspectives
Authors: Woźniak Małgorzata , Gałązka Anna
Published: July 2019

The root system of a plant works like a factory that produces a huge amount of chemicals to communicate effectively with the microorganisms around it. At the same time, micro-organisms can use these compounds as an energy source. The variety of microorganisms associated with plant roots is enormous, amounting to tens of thousands of species. This complex microbial community, also called the second plant genome, is essential for plant health and productivity. Over the last few years, there has been significant progress in research into the structure and dynamics of the microbial sphere of the rhizosphere. It has been proven that plants shape the composition of microorganisms by synthesizing root secretions. On the other hand, microorganisms play a key role in the functioning of plants through their positive impact on their growth and development. In general, rhizosphere microorganisms promote plant growth directly by providing plants with minerals such as nitrogen and phosphorus and by synthesizing growth regulators, as well as indirectly, by inhibiting the development of various plant pathogens.

1. Introduction. 2. Functions of rhizosphere microorganisms. 3. Microorganisms increasing the availability of minerals. 4. Microorganisms synthesizing plant growth regulators. 5. Biological plant protection. 6. Summary
Array of prediction tools for understanding extent of wall effects on DBP formation in drinking water distribution systems
Authors: Poleneni Sandhya Rao , Inniss Enos C.
Published: July 2019

The Stage 2 Disinfectant and Disinfection By-Product (D/DBP) regulations of the United States force water utilities to be more concerned with their distributed water quality. Improved compliance requires understanding of reaction kinetics and wall effects of different distribution materials used on DBP formation. To validate results in a full-scale system, effect of different materials, wall effects, bulk reactions, and water movement is analyzed using simulated distribution system (SDS) tests, material specific simulated distribution system (MS-SDS) tests, pipe loop, and pipe section reactor (PSR); all built using materials from the city of Columbia, Missouri's distribution system. On average, the choice of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and ductile iron can account for as much as 36% difference in trihalomethane (TTHM) formation and 60% difference in chlorine residual decay over time irrespective of the prediction model and operational strategy used. In the case of ductile iron, pipe effect (PE) is <1, which shows that in the ductile iron pipe systems there is a net loss of TTHM yield due to non-TTHM forming chlorine demand imposed by the pipe environment, whereas in PVC pipe, PE is >1. In PVC systems there is an overall increase in TTHM formation as a result of pipe wall surface reactions.
Application of hybrid coagulation–ultrafiltration for decentralized drinking water treatment: impact on flux, water quality and costs
Authors: Arhin S. G. , Banadda N. , Komakech A. J. , Pronk W. , Marks S. J.
Published: July 2019

Decentralized membrane-based water treatment represents an attractive and viable approach to safe water supply in low-income areas, but its widespread adoption requires cost-effective antifouling strategies. Although the antifouling mechanisms of Al-based coagulants have been widely investigated, there is little data about their impact on costs and treatment efficiency for decentralized membrane-based systems. In this study, a comparative assessment of two decentralized ultrafiltration (UF) units with and without polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulation was undertaken to evaluate the influence of coagulation on the fouling, water quality, and costs nexus. The results showed that PACl suppressed both total fouling and hydraulically irreversible fouling. A matched-pair analysis also revealed that PACl improved the permeate quality by enhancing the removal of particulates and dissolved organics. Compared with the conventional UF system, the hybrid coagulation–UF system contributed to a 21% increase in the flux rate, allowing for a 27% reduction in membrane area and thus, providing cost benefits in terms of both capital and operating costs. These results suggest that PACl coagulation is potentially a cost-effective antifouling method for decentralized membrane-based water systems.
The Role of Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) in Vascular Calcification
Authors: Bjørklund Geir , Svanberg Erik , Dadar Maryam , Card David J. , Chirumbolo Salvatore , Harrington Dominic J. , Aaseth Jan
Published: July 2019

Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a vitamin K-dependent protein, which is synthesized in bone and many other mesenchymal cells, which is also highly expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and chondrocytes. Numerous studies have confirmed that MGP acts as a calcification-inhibitor although the mechanism of action is still not fully understood. The modulation of tissue calcification by MGP is potentially regulated in several ways including direct inhibition of calcium-phosphate precipitation, the formation of matrix vesicles (MVs), the formation of apoptotic bodies (ABs), and trans-differentiation of VSMCs. MGP occurs as four species, i.e. fully carboxylated (cMGP), under-carboxylated, i.e. poorly carboxylated (ucMGP), phosphorylated (pMGP), and non-phosphorylated (desphospho, dpMGP). ELISA methods are currently available that can detect the different species of MGP. The expression of the MGP gene can be regulated via various mechanisms that have the potential to become genomic biomarkers for the prediction of vascular calcification (VC) progression. VC is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is particularly prevalent in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The specific action of MGP is not yet clearly understood but could be involved with the functional inhibition of BMP-2 and BMP-4, by blocking calcium crystal deposition and shielding the nidus from calcification.
Recent Advances in Extracellular Matrix for Engineering Stem Cell Responses
Authors: Guan Shuaimeng , Zhang Kun , Li Jingan
Published: July 2019

Stem cell transplantation is an advanced medical technology, which brings hope for the
treatment of some difficult diseases in the clinic. Attributed to its self-renewal and differential
ability, stem cell research has been pushed to the forefront of regenerative medicine and has become
a hot topic in tissue engineering. The surrounding extracellular matrix has physical functions
and important biological significance in regulating the life activities of cells, which may play crucial
roles for in situ inducing specific differentiation of stem cells. In this review, we discuss the
stem cells and their engineering application, and highlight the control of the fate of stem cells, we
offer our perspectives on the various challenges and opportunities facing the use of the components
of extracellular matrix for stem cell attachment, growth, proliferation, migration and differentiation.
Sugammadex for Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade: Uses and Limitations
Authors: Hawkins Jesse , Khanna Sandeep , Argalious Maged
Published: July 2019

Sugammadex is a reversal agent that was engineered to reverse the effects of aminosteroid muscle relaxants. It is a modified gamma-cyclodextrin, i.e. a large glucose molecule bound in a ring-like structure. Sugammadex, when injected intravenously, creates a concentration gradient favoring the movement of aminosteroid muscle relaxants from the neuromuscular junction back into the plasma, and then encapsulates the aminosteroid muscle relaxants within its inner structure by forming tight water-soluble complexes. The dissociation of the aminosteroidal muscle relaxant from the post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors is responsible for the termination of neuromuscular blockade. This review article presents the current indication, mechanism of action, limitations, side effects and contraindications of sugammadex. An overview of monitoring of the adequacy of reversal of aminosteroid muscle relaxants with sugammadex is presented. Moreover, the use of sugammadex in special situations, including “cannot intubate cannot oxygenate” scenarios is also described.
Amiloride Alleviates Neurological Deficits Following Transient Global Ischemia and Engagement of Central IL-6 and TNF-α Signal
Authors: Pang Li , Ji Shouqin , Xing Jihong
Published: July 2019

Background:

Central pro-inflammatory cytokine (PIC) signal is involved in
neurological deficits after transient global ischemia induced by cardiac arrest (CA). The
present study was to examine if blocking acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) using
amiloride in the Central Nervous System can alleviate neurological deficits after the
induction of CA and further examine the participation of PIC signal in the hippocampus
for the effects of amiloride.

Methods:

CA was induced by asphyxia and then cardiopulmonary resuscitation was
performed in rats. Western blot analysis and ELISA were used to determine the protein
expression of ASIC subunit ASIC1 in the hippocampus, and the levels of PICs. As
noted, it is unlikely that this procedure is clinically used although amiloride and other
pharmacological agents were given into the brain in this study.

Results:

CA increased ASIC1 in the hippocampus of rats in comparison with control
animals. This was associated with the increase in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α together with
Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. The administration of amiloride into the lateral ventricle
attenuated the upregulation of Caspase-3/Caspase-9 and this further alleviated
neurological severity score and brain edema. Inhibition of central IL-6 and TNF-α also
decreased ASIC1 in the hippocampus of CA rats.

Conclusion:

Transient global ischemia induced by CA amplifies ASIC1a in the
hippocampus likely via PIC signal. Amiloride administered into the Central Nervous
System plays a neuroprotective role in the process of global ischemia. Thus, targeting
ASICs (i.e., ASIC1a) is suggested for the treatment and improvement of CA-evoked
global cerebral ischemia.
Zinc-mediated Neurotransmission in Alzheimer's Disease: A Potential Role of the GPR39 in Dementia
Authors: Rychlik Michal , Mlyniec Katarzyna
Published: July 2019

:

With more people reaching an advanced age in modern society, there is a growing need
for strategies to slow down age-related neuropathology and loss of cognitive functions, which are a
hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroprotective drugs and candidate drug compounds target one
or more processes involved in the neurodegenerative cascade, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative
stress, misfolded protein aggregation and/or ion dyshomeostasis. A growing body of research shows
that a G-protein coupled zinc (Zn2+) receptor (GPR39) can modulate the abovementioned processes.

:

Zn2+itself has a diverse activity profile at the synapse, and by binding to numerous receptors, it
plays an important role in neurotransmission. However, Zn2+ is also necessary for the formation of
toxic oligomeric forms of amyloid beta, which underlie the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore,
the binding of Zn2+ by amyloid beta causes a disruption of zincergic signaling, and recent
studies point to GPR39 and its intracellular targets being affected by amyloid pathology.

:

In this review, we present neurobiological findings related to Zn2+ and GPR39, focusing on its signaling
pathways, neural plasticity, interactions with other neurotransmission systems, as well as on
the effects of pathophysiological changes observed in Alzheimer's disease on GPR39 function.

:

Direct targeting of the GPR39 might be a promising strategy for the pharmacotherapy of zincergic
dyshomeostasis observed in Alzheimer’s disease. The information presented in this article will
hopefully fuel further research into the role of GPR39 in neurodegeneration and help in identifying
novel therapeutic targets for dementia.
Advances in the Chemistry of 6-6 Bicyclic Systems: Chemistry of Pyrido[3,4- d]pyrimidines
Authors: Monier Mohamed , Abdel-Latif Doaa , El-Mekabaty Ahmed , Mert Başak D. , Elattar Khaled M.
Published: July 2019

The aim of this work is to discuss the chemistry of pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines as one of the most
important heterocyclic compounds with remarkable synthetic, biological and medical applications. In this
overview, the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds incorporated the pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold as
demonstrated by chemical reactions and different preparation processes. The anticipated compounds were
synthesized from pyridine or pyrimidine compounds and a description of the reactivity of substituents attached
to ring carbon and nitrogen atoms is discussed. On the other hand, the synthesis and reactions of fused
heterocycles incorporated pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold is described. The diamine analogs included
pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine core were reported as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The chemical reactions of certain
unexpected and chemically substantial compounds have been discussed.
Recommended Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables Increases the Intake of Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Brazilian Adults
Authors: Locateli Gelvani , Peralta Rosane Marina , Koehnlein Eloá Angélica
Published: July 2019

Background:

Adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) is associated with reduced
risks of various diseases, especially due to their nutrient, fiber, and bioactive compound content.
Polyphenols are included in this last class. In Brazil, as in several other regions of the world,
consumption of FV is low. Data on the importance of the recommended intake of FV for the ingestion
of these compounds and subclasses are scarce.

Objective:

To estimate the intake of polyphenols by Brazilian adults and to verify the impact of the
recommended consumption of FV for this intake.

Methods:

Data from 21,959 adults were obtained from the Brazilian Dairy Survey of the Household
Budget Survey (POF 2008-2009). Food intake was estimated from a single food register. Polyphenol
intake was calculated using the Phenol-Explorer database. To evaluate the impact of FV on the consumption
of polyphenols, the population was divided into two groups according to the FV intake as
recommended by the World Health Organization.

Results:

The average consumption of phenolic compounds was 441.04 mg among individuals consuming
less than 400 g of FV daily, and 651.86 mg those consuming equal or more than 400 g daily.
In addition, individuals consuming 400 g or more FV per day consumed approximately 12 times
more phenolic from FV, especially flavonoids and the anthocyanin and flavanone subclasses.

Conclusions:

The high consumption of FV is essential for a higher dietary intake and diversity of
polyphenols and flavonoids compounds by the Brazilian population.
MolOpt: A Web Server for Drug Design using Bioisosteric Transformation
Authors: Shan Jinwen , Ji Changge
Published: July 2019

Background:

Bioisosteric replacement is widely used in drug design for lead optimization.
However, the identification of a suitable bioisosteric group is not an easy task.

Methods:

In this work, we present MolOpt, a web server for in silico drug design using bioisosteric
transformation. Potential bioisosteric transformation rules were derived from data mining, deep
generative machine learning and similarity comparison. MolOpt tries to assist the medicinal chemist
in his/her search for what to make next.

Results and Discussion:

By replacing molecular substructures with similar chemical groups, MolOpt
automatically generates lists of analogues. MolOpt also evaluates forty important pharmacokinetic
and toxic properties for each newly designed molecule. The transformed analogues can be assessed
for possible future study.

Conclusion:

MolOpt is useful for the identification of suitable lead optimization ideas. The MolOpt
Server is freely available for use on the web at http://xundrug.cn/molopt.
Oral and Intra-nasal Administration of Nanoparticles in the Cerebral Ischemia Treatment in Animal Experiments: Considering its Advantages and Disadvantages
Authors: Alavian Firoozeh , Shams Nasrin
Published: July 2019

Background:

Over the past few decades, nanotechnology has dramatically advanced;
from the precise strategies of synthesizing modern nanostructures to methods of entry into the body.
Using nanotechnology in diagnosis, drug delivery, determining signaling pathways, and tissue
engineering is great hope for the treatment of stroke. The drug-carrying nanoparticles are a way to
increase drug absorption through the mouth or nose in treating the stroke.

Objective:

In this article, in addition to explaining pros and cons of oral and intra-nasal
administration of nanoparticles in the brain ischemia treatment of animal models, the researchers
introduce some articles in this field and briefly mentioned their work outcomes.

Methods:

A number of relevant published articles 183 were initially collected from three popular
databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The articles not closely related to the
main purpose of the present work were removed from the study process. The present data set finally
included 125 published articles.

Results:

Direct delivery of the drug to the animal brain through the mouth and nose has more
therapeutic effects than systemic delivery of drugs. The strategy of adding drugs to the nanoparticles
complex can potentially improve the direct delivery of drugs to the CNS.

Conclusion:

Despite the limitations of oral and intra-nasal routes, the therapeutic potential of oral
and intra-nasal administration of nano-medicines is high in cerebral ischemia treatment.
Glucosamine Protects Rat Bone Marrow Cells Against Cisplatin-induced Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Cheki Mohsen , Jafari Salman , Najafi Masoud , Mahmoudzadeh Aziz
Published: July 2019

Background and Objective:

Glucosamine is a widely prescribed dietary supplement used in the
treatment of osteoarthritis. In the present study, the chemoprotectant ability of glucosamine was evaluated
against cisplatin-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in rat bone marrow cells.

Methods:

Glucosamine was orally administrated to rats at doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg body weight for seven
consecutive days. On the seventh day, the rats were treated with a single injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) at
1h after the last oral administration. The cisplatin antagonistic potential of glucosamine was assessed by micronucleus
assay, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level analysis, hematological analysis, and flow cytometry.

Results:

Glucosamine administration to cisplatin-treated rats significantly decreased the frequencies of
Micronucleated Polychromatic Erythrocytes (MnPCEs) and Micronucleated Normchromatic Erythrocytes
(MnNCEs), and also increased PCE/(PCE+NCE) ratio in bone marrow cells. Furthermore, treatment of rats with
glucosamine before cisplatin significantly inhibited apoptosis, necrosis and ROS generation in bone marrow
cells, and also increased red blood cells count in peripheral blood.

Conclusion:

This study shows glucosamine to be a new effective chemoprotector against cisplatin-induced
DNA damage and apoptosis in rat bone marrow cells. The results of this study may be helpful in reducing the
harmful effects of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in the future.
Using Facebook for Qualitative Research: A Brief Primer
Authors: Franz Daschel , Marsh Heather Elizabeth , Chen Jason I , Teo Alan R
Published: July 2019

As Facebook continues to grow its number of active users, the potential to harness data generated by Facebook users also grows. As much of Facebook users’ activity consists of creating (and commenting on) written posts, the potential use of text data for research is enormous. However, conducting a content analysis of text from Facebook users requires adaptation of research methods used for more traditional sources of qualitative data. Furthermore, best practice guidelines to assist researchers interested in conducting qualitative studies using data derived from Facebook are lacking. The purpose of this primer was to identify opportunities, as well as potential pitfalls, of conducting qualitative research with Facebook users and their activity on Facebook and provide potential options to address each of these issues. We begin with an overview of information obtained from a literature review of 23 studies published between 2011 and 2018 and our own research experience to summarize current approaches to conducting qualitative health research using data obtained from Facebook users. We then identify potential strategies to address limitations related to current approaches and propose 5 key considerations for the collection, organization, and analysis of text data from Facebook. Finally, we consider ethical issues around the use and protection of Facebook data obtained from research participants. In this primer, we have identified several key considerations that should aid health researchers in the planning and execution of qualitative studies involving content analysis of text data from Facebook users.
Identifying Health Economic Considerations to Include in the Research Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial (the REDUCE-RISK Trial): Systematic Literature Review and Assessment (Preprint)
Authors: Neyt Mattias , Christiaens Annick , Aloi Marina , de Ridder Lissy , Croft Nicholas M , Koletzko Sibylle , Levine Arie , Turner Dan , Russell Richard K , Ruemmele Frank M , Veereman Gigi
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

The REDUCE-RISK trial was set up to compare the effectiveness of weekly subcutaneously administered methotrexate with daily oral azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in low-risk Crohn disease (CD) or subcutaneously administered adalimumab (ADA) in high-risk CD in a pediatric population (age 6-17 years).

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review to provide input into the research protocol to gather the necessary information to improve the performance of an evidence-based economic evaluation when the trial is finished.

METHODS

The Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database, websites of HTA institutes, CRD’s National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, MEDLINE (OVID), and Embase databases were consulted to retrieve (reviews of) relevant economic evaluations. Studies were eligible if they included a pediatric or adult population with inflammatory bowel diseases (CD and ulcerative colitis [UC]) treated with ADA (Humira). There were no restrictions on the comparator. Only economic evaluations expressing outcomes in life years gained or quality-adjusted life years gained were selected.

RESULTS

A total of 12 primary studies were identified. None of these studies included a pediatric population because of a lack of supporting trials. The economic evaluations identified in our systematic review indicate that ADA is an appropriate intervention for inclusion in such a trial. From a health economic point of view, it is important to make an incremental analysis comparing such an intervention with standard care and not immediately versus another (expensive) biological treatment. Information on the impact of children’s school attendance and parents’ productivity is currently lacking in economic evaluations, and none of the underlying trials measured quality of life (QoL) using a generic utility instrument.

CONCLUSIONS

The review of the economic literature on ADA for the treatment of patients with CD supports the performance of a trial with biologicals in pediatric patients, including making a distinction according to disease severity. Conducting an economic literature review enabled us to decide which variables should be added to the research protocol from an economic point of view. Measurements for children’s and parents’ QoL (EuroQol 5-Dimension questionnaires), children’s school attendance, and parents’ productivity (WPAI-CD-CG questionnaire) were added to the research protocol. This will provide support for the calculation of the cost-effectiveness of the interventions evaluated in the REDUCE-RISK trial.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02852694; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02852694
Brief Web-Based Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial on Behavioral Activation (Preprint)
Authors: Jelinek Lena , Arlt Sönke , Moritz Steffen , Schröder Johanna , Westermann Stefan , Cludius Barbara
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Web-based interventions have been shown to be effective for the treatment of depression. However, interventions are often complex and include a variety of elements, making it difficult to identify the most effective component(s).

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this pilot study was to shed light on mechanisms in the online treatment of depression by comparing a single-module, fully automated intervention for depression (internet-based behavioral activation [iBA]) to a nonoverlapping active control intervention and a nonactive control group.

METHODS

We assessed 104 people with at least mild depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, >4) via the internet at baseline (t0) and 2 weeks (t1) and 4 weeks (t2) later. After the t0 assessment, participants were randomly allocated to one of three groups: (1) iBA (n=37), (2) active control using a brief internet-based mindfulness intervention (iMBI, n=32), or (3) care as usual (CAU, n=35). The primary outcome was improvement in depressive symptoms, as measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Secondary parameters included changes in activity, dysfunctional attitudes, and quality of life

RESULTS

While groups did not differ regarding the change in depression from t0 to t1 (ηp2=.007, P=.746) or t0 to t2 (ηp2=.008, P=.735), iBA was associated with a larger decrease in dysfunctional attitudes from t0 to t2 in comparison to CAU (ηp2=.053, P=.04) and a larger increase in activity from t0 to t1 than the pooled control groups (ηp2=.060, P=.02). A change in depression from t0 to t2 was mediated by a change in activity from t0 to t1. At t1, 22% (6/27) of the participants in the iBA group and 12% (3/25) of the participants in the iMBI group indicated that they did not use the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

Although we did not find support for the short-term efficacy of the single-module iBA regarding depression, long-term effects are still conceivable, potentially initiated by changes in secondary outcomes. Future studies should use a longer intervention and follow-up interval.

CLINICALTRIAL

DKRS (#DRKS00011562)
Quality Assurance of Health Wearables Data: Participatory Workshop on Barriers, Solutions, and Expectations (Preprint)
Authors: Abdolkhani Robab , Gray Kathleen , Borda Ann , DeSouza Ruth
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

The ubiquity of health wearables and the consequent production of patient-generated health data (PGHD) are rapidly escalating. However, the utilization of PGHD in routine clinical practices is still low because of data quality issues. There is no agreed approach to PGHD quality assurance; therefore, realizing the promise of PGHD requires in-depth discussion among diverse stakeholders to identify the data quality assurance challenges they face and understand their needs for PGHD quality assurance.

OBJECTIVE

This paper reports findings from a workshop aimed to explore stakeholders’ data quality challenges, identify their needs and expectations, and offer practical solutions.

METHODS

A qualitative multi-stakeholder workshop was conducted as a half-day event on the campus of an Australian University located in a major health care precinct, namely the Melbourne Parkville Precinct. The 18 participants had experience of PGHD use in clinical care, including people who identified as health care consumers, clinical care providers, wearables suppliers, and health information specialists. Data collection was done by facilitators capturing written notes of the proceedings as attendees engaged in participatory design activities in written and oral formats, using a range of whole-group and small-group interactive methods. The collected data were analyzed thematically, using deductive and inductive coding.

RESULTS

The participants’ discussions revealed a range of technical, behavioral, operational, and organizational challenges surrounding PGHD, from the time when data are collected by patients to the time data are used by health care providers for clinical decision making. PGHD stakeholders found consensus on training and engagement needs, continuous collaboration among stakeholders, and development of technical and policy standards to assure PGHD quality.

CONCLUSIONS

Assuring PGHD quality is a complex process that requires the contribution of all PGHD stakeholders. The variety and depth of inputs in our workshop highlighted the importance of co-designing guidance for PGHD quality guidance.
Determinant Factors of Public Acceptance of Stress Management Apps: Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Apolinário-Hagen Jennifer , Hennemann Severin , Fritsche Lara , Drüge Marie , Breil Bernhard
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Chronic stress is a major public health concern. Mobile health (mHealth) apps can help promote coping skills in daily life and prevent stress-related issues. However, little is known about the determinant factors of public acceptance of stress management in relation to preferences for psychological services.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this survey study was to (1) assess determinant factors of public acceptance (behavioral use intention) of stress management apps based on an adapted and extended version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model and (2) explore preferences for mHealth apps compared with other mental health services.

METHODS

Using convenience sampling, participants completed a multiscale 54-item Web-based survey. Based on significant correlations with acceptance, hierarchical stepwise regression analysis was performed within three blocks: (1) background and stress-related control variables, (2) beliefs and attitudes toward using mHealth, and (3) the core UTAUT determinants. The preference for mHealth apps in comparison with nine other mental health services (operationalized as readiness to use) was analyzed using paired t tests.

RESULTS

Of 141 participants, nearly half (69/141, 48.9%) indicated prior mHealth use. Acceptance of stress coping apps was moderate (mean 3.10, SD 1.03, range 1-5). Hierarchical stepwise regression including four of 11 variables (R2=.62; P=.01, f2=1.63) identified positive attitudes toward using mHealth for stress coping (beta=0.69, P<.001, 46% R2 increase above block 1, f2=0.85), skepticism/perceived risks (beta=−0.14, P=.01, f2=0.16), and stress symptoms (beta=0.12, P=.03, f2=0.14) as significant predictors of acceptance. UTAUT determinants added no predictive contribution beyond attitudes (all P>.05, R2 increase of 1%), whereas post hoc analysis showed significant R2 increases of attitudes and skepticism/perceived risks beyond UTAUT determinants (all P<.001, R2 increase of 13%). The readiness to use apps was equivalent to or significantly higher than most service types, but lower than information websites.

CONCLUSIONS

Attitudes may be at least as predictive for the acceptance of stress management apps as for more elaborated outcome beliefs. Efforts aimed at improving the public adoption of mHealth could put more emphasis on the pleasant aspects of app use, address misconceptions, offer stress screening tools on health websites, and increase options to try high-quality apps.
An Assessment of Property Tax Administration in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Balogun Toju Francis
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe mode of administration of property tax determines its buoyancy. The study utilizes key informant method to examine the mode of operation of Edo State Land Use Charge.  The study observes that property tax revenue mobilization in Benin Metropolis is ineffective due to unsystematic tax administration procedure employed by Land Use Charge Department. The study shows that inadequate personnel, public contempt, limited coverage of the tax base and shrouded valuation method are major problems of the Land Use Charge in Benin metropolis. It also reveals that the current property tax administration will not appreciably enhance the internally generated revenue except the mode of operation is reformed. To overcome these challenges it is recommended among others that the implementation of modern and transparent assessment methods for real estate utilizing remote sensing and GIS integrated with computer-assisted mass appraisal (CAMA) be incorporated through a public-involved debate on property tax reform. Modus administrasi pajak properti menentukan daya apung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode informan kunci untuk memeriksa modus operasi dari Edo Negara Penggunaan Tanah Charge. Penelitian ini mengamati bahwa pajak properti mobilisasi pendapatan di Benin Metropolis tidak efektif karena prosedur administrasi perpajakan sistematis dipekerjakan oleh Penggunaan Tanah Mengisi Department. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa personil yang tidak memadai, penghinaan publik, cakupan terbatas basis pajak dan metode penilaian diselimuti masalah utama dari Penggunaan Tanah Mengisi di Benin metropolis. Ia juga mengungkapkan bahwa administrasi pajak properti saat ini tidak akan lumayan meningkatkan pendapatan yang dihasilkan secara internal kecuali modus operasi direformasi. Untuk mengatasi tantangan ini dianjurkan antara lain bahwa pelaksanaan metode penilaian modern dan transparan untuk real estate memanfaatkan penginderaan jauh dan GIS terintegrasi dengan komputer-dibantu penilaian massa (CAMA) dimasukkan melalui debat publik-terlibat pada reformasi pajak properti.