bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Mass Measure and a Simplication of Modern Physics that Make Gravity Predictions Independent of G
Authors: Haug Espen Gaarder
Published: February 2019

Recent experimental research has shown that mass is linked to Compton periodicity. We suggest a new way to look at mass: Namely that mass at its most fundamental level can simply be seen as reduced Compton frequency over the Planck time. In this way, surprisingly, neither the Planck constant nor Newton's gravitational constant are needed to observe the Planck length, nor in any type of calculation or gravitational predictions. The Planck constant is only needed when we want to convert back to the more traditional and we would say arbitrary mass measures such as kg. The theory gives the same predictions as Einstein's special relativity theory, with one very important exception: anything with mass must have a maximum velocity that is a function of the Planck length and the reduced Compton wavelength. For all observed subatomic particles, such as the electron, this velocity is considerably above what is achieved in particle accelerators, but always below the speed of light. This removes a series of infinity challenges in physics. The theory also offers a way to look at a new type of quantum probabilities. As we will show, a long series of equations become simplied in this way. Further Newton's gravitational constant G is clearly not needed for gravity calculations or predictions; it is the Planck length and the speed of light (gravity) that are essential for gravity, and both can be measured easily with no knowledge of G.
Handbook for Surface Flow Velocity Measurement
Authors: Hortobagyi Borbala , Perks Matthew T. , Russell Andrew J. , Dussaillant Alejandro
Published: February 2019

Acquisition of real-time hydraulic data is an essential component for flood forecasting. However, we frequently face difficulties in obtaining discharge data using classical contact methods during high magnitude floods and for systems experiencing rapid hydro-geomorphological adjustment. Therefore, we developed low-cost, non-contact sensors and platforms that are designed to overcome these difficulties. These advances enable flood flow properties to be monitored at multiple locations across a river catchment, at low-cost, and communicated in near real-time by using an image velocimetry method. This is an optics-based approach for stream flow measurement using commercially available near-infrared digital cameras to acquire video footage in full HD (30fps). Video footage is then subjected to optical flow tracking techniques based on cross-correlation, and feature-based tracking, enabling the displacement rates of detected features (for example natural foam, seeds, woody debris, and turbulent structures) to be computed. This manual provides step by step guidance to install an image-based gauging station. It contains the list of necessary components, the calibration process of a new camera and the assembly procedure of the system.
Improvement of Equality in the Distribution of Human Resources in Polish Healthcare
Authors: Rój Justyna
Published: February 2019

Human resources are the major input of health systems therefore the equitable distribution of human resources in health care remain critical in making progress towards the goal of universal health coverage and thus to sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the health care human resources distribution across regions of Poland between 2010 and 2017 and estimate the level of equity. This research by applying to Polish conditions will allow to fill in the gap in existing literature. Data was derived from the Knowledge Database Health and Health Care of Statistic Poland and Polish Statistical Yearbook. In purpose to examine the distribution of health resources against population size and geographic size in Poland, the Gini coefficient calculated based on the Lorenz Curve was engaged. This study has several major findings. The amount of most types of human resources – as apart from internist, obstetrics and gynecology, occupational medicine - when expressed as number of them per 10,000 population or 1 square km increased in 2017 compared to 2010. Moreover, for most types of health care human resources the level of access slightly changed during analysied period as Gini coefficients decreased. However, the geographical distribution of all types of human resources is less equitable then in case of population distribution. The most troublesome is relatively lower equity in case of oncologist, family medicine and occupational medicine and cardiologist in both population and geographical distribution. Thus this research provides some implications for policy and practice. As the main reason to establish National Health Fund (which meant the centralization of the system) in Poland was to to eliminate regional differences in access to health care, thus this research confirms that still some more corrective actions, in this field, should be undertaken.
EL APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN PROBLEMAS (PBL) EN EL AULA DE HUMANIDADES: TRABAJO POR PROYECTOS EN TRADUCCIÓN E INTERPRETACIÓN E HISTORIA DEL ARTE
Authors: Castillo Bernal Pilar , Cobos López Ingrid , Molina Barea M. Carmen
Published: February 2019

En el presente trabajo se exponen la metodología, los resultados y las conclusiones del proyecto “El aprendizaje basado en problemas (PBL) en el aula de Humanidades: trabajo por proyectos en Traducción e Interpretación e Historia del Arte”, llevado a cabo en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de Córdoba en el curso académico 2016-2017, en el que los estudiantes trabajaron para desarrollar las destrezas de aprendizaje colaborativo y sus competencias profesionales.
MATERIAL DOCENTE PARA LA VISIBILIZACIÓN DE MODELOS DE REFERENCIA EN EL EMPRENDIMIENTO FEMENINO. CONCIENCIANDO EN EL AUTOEMPLEO
Authors: Rodríguez Gutiérrez Pablo , Sánchez Cañizares Sandra Mª , Fuentes García Fernando J. , Luque Vílchez Mercedes , Rodríguez Torrico Paula , Muñoz Fernández Guzmán A. , Santos Roldán Luna , Núñez Tabales Julia M. , Rey Carmona Francisco
Published: February 2019

En un momento de grandes cambios, la docencia universitaria no se encuentra ajena a los retos y necesidades planteados por la sociedad en la que desenvuelve su actividad. Juega una especial importancia el papel de la mujer como agente dinamizador de la actividad económica. En este sentido la universidad debe de tratar de fomentar el espíritu emprendedor entre el alumnado. Según esto, este proyecto se orienta hacia la elaboración de material docente para la mejora de la visibilización del rol empresarial de la mujer mediante la elaboración de casos de emprendimiento femenino. El material docente se ha materializado en un libro coeditado por el Consejo Social de la universidad de Córdoba, la Fundación Caja Rural del Sur y la editorial Tirant lo Blanc (indexada en el primer cuartil del índice SPI). Dicho material proporciona una variada selección de casos reales que el alumno puede consultar convirtiéndose así en un complemento didáctico esencial en la Asignatura de Creación de Empresas. Además, a medio plazo, este libro, mediante su continua utilización en próximos cursos, podría permitir hacer un seguimiento y medición de las tasas de respuesta en intención emprendedora entre los alumnos.
DESARROLLO DE UN MÉTODO PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DE LA ADQUISICIÓN DE COMPETENCIAS Y SU COMPARACIÓN CON EL SISTEMA TRADICIONAL DE EVALUACIÓN EN ASIGNATURAS DEL GRADO DE QUÍMICA
Authors: Blázquez Ruiz Manuel , Priego Capote Feliciano , Sánchez Obrero Guadalupe , Delgado Povedano Mª del Mar
Published: February 2019

Un aspecto diferencial de la enseñanza de Grado en el Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior (EEES), recogido en el Marco Español de Cualificaciones (MECES), es la definición de programas formativos que implican conocimientos y competencias. En este trabajo se han preparado rúbricas para evaluar las competencias a adquirir por el alumnado en dos asignaturas del Grado en Química. Las rúbricas diseñadas permiten dividir el conjunto de competencias en elementos diferenciados que se pueden evaluar diseñando y seleccionando actividades apropiadas. En esta herramienta se definen indicadores escalados para determinar el nivel alcanzado en cada competencia. Los resultados obtenidos con la aplicación de las rúbricas han sido correlacionados con los obtenidos en la evaluación habitual. Se propone así un método de trabajo flexible y dinámico para mejorar el proceso de evaluación.
EXPERIENCIAS EN FLIPPED LEARNING
Authors: Burón M.I. , Avendaño S. , Cantarero I. , Gahete M.D. , Guzmán-Ruiz R. , Vazquez M.J. , Luque R. , Malagón M.M. , Villalba J.M. , Calzado M.A.
Published: February 2019

El presente trabajo describe unas experiencias de innovación docente, de igual perfil y metodología, desarrolladas por un conjunto de profesores noveles participantes bajo la tutela experta de profesorado senior. El tipo de experiencia seleccionada ha sido el diseño y ejecución de una flipped classroom, o clase invertida. Además, se incluye la correspondiente evaluación de la acción con una valoración académica o impacto en los aprendizajes, y una valoración de la experiencia por parte del alumnado y profesorado responsable. Los resultados de cinco experiencias con impacto a mas de 270 alumnos de distinto perfil académico (tres asignaturas de titulo de Grado y dos de Máster) y las evaluaciones cuantificadas indican una valoracion muy positiva de esta metodología flipped learning (FL) por los alumnos y su deseo de aplicabilidad. Por su parte, el profesorado constata que las experiencias FL han incrementado satisfactoriamente el aprendizaje de sus alumnos y declaran una alta valoración de la experiencia para la mejora de sus competencia docentes.
DISEÑO DE UNA EXPERIENCIA FLIPPED CLASSROOM Y TICS EN EL AULA
Authors: Rodríguez-Entrena Macario , Montilla-López Nazaret M. , Gutiérrez-Martín Carlos , Castillo Quero Manuela
Published: February 2019

La metodología “Flipped Classroom” elimina el enfoque tradicional y lo reemplazan con tareas activas en clase y trabajo previo y posterior a la clase. A pesar de la popularidad de estos enfoques en los medios de comunicación y cursos impartidos a docentes relacionados con esta metodología, hay muy poca evidencia de la efectividad o consistencia en la comprensión de lo que en realidad sucede en las aulas. Este trabajo pretende analizar si el uso combinado de los recursos disponibles, webs temáticas y la edición de vídeos por parte del profesorado mediante el enfoque “Flipped Classroom” mejora el aprendizaje del alumno. Asímismo, se pretende evaluar si dicha innovación metodológica presenta un impacto diferencial en la evaluación final cuando se compara el método tradicional con dicha innovación docente, mediante el uso de análisis estadístico. Los resultados de la experiencia no han arrojado diferencias significativas, pero han sido positivos debido a que la metodologúa Flipped Classroom mejora el feedback que el profesorado recibe del alumnado en tiempo real, permitiendo adaptarse al ritmo de aprendizaje del alumnado. Sin embargo, el propio alumnado reconoce que no puede entenderse como una estrategia de sustitución del profesor. En este sentido, la implementación práctica del engfoque “Flipped Classroom” requiere necesariamente de una plasmación tácita en la guía docente para tener el poder vinculante necesario para que el estudiante haga el esfuerzo de revisar en casa el soporte audiovisual temático y los materiales de apoyo.
RECURSOS MULTIMEDIA BILINGÜES PARA MEJORAR EL APRENDIZAJE EN ASIGNATURAS DE INGENIERÍA
Authors: Gil de Castro Aurora , Cañete Carmona Eduardo , Climent Bellido Mª Salud , Palacios García Emilio J. , Moreno Muñoz Antonio , Yépez Alfonso
Published: February 2019

Estudios demuestran que la tasa de éxito de las asignaturas se fomenta si los alumnos aprecian la interdisciplinariedad entre asignaturas. Por otro lado, el uso de las nuevas tecnologías como el aprendizaje multimedia resulta esencial hoy día, más aún si se realiza en un segundo idioma. En el artículo se describen una serie de recursos multimedia bilingües que pretenden servir para mejorar el aprendizaje en asignaturas de ingeniería, permitiendo desarrollar competencias transversales y específicas de las titulaciones de grado de Ingeniería Industrial. El uso de esta experiencia puede suponer importantes mejoras a nivel de título, ya que poner de manifiesto el nexo de unión entre varias asignaturas ayuda al aprendizaje, además de ofrecer una prospección de futuro en las diversas asignaturas del grado, lo que motivará y alentará al alumnado en promocionar a los siguientes cursos. Ver una aplicación práctica concreta en 1º curso (o incluso ver en los vídeos) y saber que serán capaces de realizar el dispositivo con el que se ha realizado dicho ensayo en asignaturas posteriores, animará al alumnado y les pondrá imagen a prácticas concretas de cursos siguientes, hecho que siempre es demandado por los alumnos durante los primeros cursos.
Acute clouding of hydrophilic acrylic copolymer intraocular lenses:four cases report
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Huang Yusen , Wu Xiaoming
Published: February 2019

Background: Intraoperative acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) transient clouding of several kinds of hydrophilic IOLs have been reported due to temperature changes. However, we ignored the particularity of its material and the handling methods.
Case presentation: We present four cases of acute clouding of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs). Four patients underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery with implantation of L-312, 809M, and 839M IOLs, respectively. The IOLs became opaque in varying degrees during surgery. Lens replacement was performed immediately in one case, while the cloudy IOLs were remained in the other three cases. Postoperatively, all IOLs recovered transparency.
Conclusions：Temperature fluctuation was the cause of the acute opacification of these IOLs made of hydrophilic acrylic copolymers, which reminds us of attaching importance to the temperature of IOL storage and delivery in winter months.
Keywords: Opacification, transient, temperature, material, cataract.
Do People Who Identify as Popular Become Popular in a New Network? A 9-Month Longitudinal Network Analysis
Authors: Carpenter Christopher J. , Zhu Xun , Smith Rachel A.
Published: February 2019

Although scholars have argued that people actively shape and reshape their social networks (e.g., Parks, 2016), this aspect of relational development has received little attention. This study sought to determine if people’s self-perceptions of interpersonal communication skills translated into behavior that led to relationship formation in a new network. A 9-month longitudinal social network analysis (N = 94) of the residents of a first-year university residence hall using Facebook tie data was conducted to assess network changes. Results indicate that both self-perceived network centrality in a hypothetical friendship sociogram (Smith & Fink, 2015) and self-reported connector scores (Boster et al., 2011) are good longitudinal predictors of relationship development. Those who began by self-identifying as central, became central.
Development of PLEAD: A Database Containing Event‐based Runoff Phosphorus Loadings from Agricultural Fields
Authors: Bolster Carl H. , Baffaut Claire , Nelson Nathan O. , Osmond Deanna L. , Cabrera Miguel L. , Ramirez‐Avila John J. , Sharpley Andrew N. , Veith Tamie L. , McFarland Anne M. S. , Senaviratne Anomaa G. M. M. M. , Pierzynski Gary M. , Udawatta Ranjith P.
Published: February 2019

Computer models are commonly used for predicting risks of runoff P loss from agricultural fields by enabling simulation of various management practices and climatic scenarios. For P loss models to be useful tools, however, they must accurately predict P loss for a wide range of climatic, physiographic, and land management conditions. A complicating factor in developing and evaluating P loss models is the relative scarcity of available measured field data that adequately capture P losses before and after implementing management practices in a variety of physiographic settings. Here, we describe the development of the P Loss in runoff Events from Agricultural fields Database (PLEAD)—a compilation of event‐based, field‐scale dissolved and/or total P loss runoff loadings from agricultural fields collected at various research sites located in the US Heartland and southern United States. The database also includes runoff and erosion rates; soil‐test P; tillage practices; planting and harvesting rates and practices; fertilizer application rate, method, and timing; manure application rate, method, and timing; and livestock grazing density and timing. In total, >1800 individual runoff events—ranging in duration from 0.4 to 97 h—have been included in the database. Event runoff P losses ranged from <0.05 to 1.3 and 3.0 kg P ha−1 for dissolved and total P, respectively. The data contained in this database have been used in multiple research studies to address important modeling questions relevant to P management planning. We provide these data to encourage additional studies by other researchers. The PLEAD database is available at https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1482380.

Core Ideas

Development of database containing P loss from agricultural fields is described.

We provide public access to P loss data for individual runoff events.

The data can be used to evaluate P loss models and P Indices.
Mulch‐Derived Organic Carbon Stimulates High Denitrification Fluxes from Agricultural Ditch Sediments
Authors: Nifong Rachel L. , Taylor Jason M. , Moore Matthew T.
Published: February 2019

Reactive N is an essential input for healthy, vibrant crop production, yet excess N is often transported off field via agricultural ditches to downstream receiving ecosystems, where it can cause negative impacts to human health, biodiversity loss, as well as eutrophication and resultant hypoxia. Denitrification, the transformation of reactive N to unreactive N2 gas, within agricultural ditches has potential to reduce impacts to downstream ecosystems but requires substantial organic C substrates. We used a flow‐through intact core experiment to test the effects of low‐cost management options including a common agricultural amendment, gypsum, and an overlying hardwood mulch layer on promoting denitrification within agricultural ditch sediments. We found significantly higher denitrification potentials in mulch (11.2 mg N2–N m−2 h−1) and mulch–gypsum cores (9.2 mg N2–N m−2 h−1) than in gypsum (1.3 mg N2–N m−2 h−1) or control cores (0.6 mg N2–N m−2 h−1). Higher denitrification rates corresponded with high dissolved organic C (DOC) fluxes within the mulch and mulch–gypsum treatments (72.8–115.2 mg m−2 h−1) and were ultimately able to remove 65 to 69% of N loads. Results indicate DOC from overlying mulch additions to agricultural ditches significantly increase denitrification in intact cores and suggest that the addition of DOC sources in agricultural ditches may contribute a simple, low‐cost option to reduce reactive N export and improve ecological outcomes within aquatic agroecosystems.

Core Ideas

Applying mulch to ditch surfaces produced high denitrification efficiency (65–69%).

Gypsum reduced P fluxes associated with mulch additions.

Gypsum and mulch additions within ditches may be a new way to mitigate nitrate.

Low‐cost, simple within‐ditch bioreactors expand the scope of bioreactors as a tool.
Estimating Broad‐Sense Heritability with Unbalanced Data from Agricultural Cultivar Trials
Authors: Schmidt P. , Hartung J. , Rath J. , Piepho H.-P.
Published: February 2019

Broad‐sense heritability is defined as the proportion of phenotypic variance that is attributable to an overall variance for the genotype. It is often calculated as a measure (i) to quantify and eventually compare the precision of agricultural cultivar trials, and/or (ii) to estimate the response to selection in plant breeding trials. In practice, most such trials are conducted at multiple environments (i.e., year–location combinations) resulting in a multienvironment trial (MET) with unbalanced data, as, for example, not all cultivars are tested at each environment. However, the standard method for estimating heritability implicitly assumes balanced data, independent genotype effects, and homogeneous variances. Therefore, we compared the estimates for broad‐sense heritability computed via the standard method to those obtained via six alternative estimation methods (example codes: https://github.com/PaulSchmidtGit/Heritability). We did so by analyzing four cultivar METs, which all displayed a typically unbalanced data structure but differed in the genetic frameworks of their cultivars. Results indicate that the standard method may overestimate heritability for all datasets, whereas alternative methods show similar estimates per dataset and thus seem better able to handle this kind of unbalanced data. Finally, we show that to compare heritability estimates between different METs, genetic variance component estimates should be fixed to common values for both datasets.
First Leaf Emergence Force of Three Deep‐Planted Winter Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Lutcher Larry K. , Wuest Stewart B. , Johlke Tami R.
Published: February 2019

Late summer planting of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) into tilled fallow is necessary for production of maximum yield in many areas of the low precipitation (<30 cm, annual) zone of the inland Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Farmers plant deep to reach moisture adequate for germination and emergence. The coleoptile of deep‐planted wheat remains underground. The first leaf protrudes through the tip of the coleoptile and usually emerges about 10 to 12 d after planting. Emergence may be jeopardized by below‐surface buckling of the first leaf. Buckling of the first leaf occurs when its exerted force cannot overcome the density or strength of overlying soil. Small, single‐point load cells were used to measure force exerted by the first leaf of one semidwarf cultivar (‘Norwest 553’) and two standard‐height cultivars (‘Farnum’ and ‘Finley’) as they emerged from a deep planting depth (100 mm) in a small containerized volume of soil. The average maximum before‐buckling emergence force (BBEF) of Norwest 553 and Finley was 12.2 and 11.6 g, respectively. The corresponding value for Farnum (10.9 g) was statistically similar to the BBEF of Finley and less than that of Norwest 553. The measured difference between Farnum and Norwest 553 may be a consequence of variation in coleoptile diameter. Maximum diameter measurements of 1.6 to 1.7 mm were made near the base and in the middle of the Norwest 553 coleoptile. New knowledge generated from this research can be used to make decisions about the focus of future investigations that deal with poorly understood mechanisms responsible for emergence of wheat from deep planting depths.
Gypsum and Carbon Amendments Influence Leachate Quality from Two Soils in Ohio, USA
Authors: Walia Maninder K. , Dick Warren A.
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

In Hoytville clay loam soil, gypsum significantly increased Ca, Mg, S, and Na concentrations in leachates and decreased P and Fe.

In Wooster silt loam soil, gypsum reduced K and increased Ca and S concentrations.

Residues and glucose increased P concentration significantly in leachates collected from both soils.

Concentration of trace elements in leachates were found to be below maximum contaminant limits.

Lower rate of gypsum (8.9 Mg ha–1) application is sufficient to reduce P loads in leachate water.

Interest and awareness by farmers and land managers of the potential impacts of gypsum and crop residues to improve soil quality is increasing. However, how these amendments affect water quality of two contrasting soil types in Ohio is not well understood. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the leachate quality in response to addition of crop residues (0 and 13.4 Mg ha–1), glucose (0 and 4.5 Mg ha–1), and gypsum (0, 8.9, and 26.9 Mg ha–1) to Wooster silt loam (mixed, mesic Typic Fragiudalfs) and Hoytville clay loam (fine, illitic, mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs) soils. Constant head of water was used to generate leachate for 25 min and samples were analyzed for pH, nutrients, and heavy metals. In Hoytville soil, gypsum significantly increased Ca, Mg, S, and Na concentrations in leachates and decreased P and Fe. However, no significant differences were observed between gypsum low and high rates on P reductions in leachate water. In Wooster soil, gypsum reduced K and increased Ca and S concentrations. Residues and glucose increased P concentration significantly in leachates collected from both soils. Glucose addition increased Ca and Mg concentrations in leachates from the less pH buffered Wooster soil, but these elements were decreased for the Hoytville soil. Concentration of trace elements in leachates were found to be below maximum contaminant limits as prescribed by USEPA in drinking water standards. The lower rate of gypsum (8.9 Mg ha–1) application is sufficient to reduce P loads in leachate water and reduces cost compared with higher application rates.
Analyzing the effect of financial development on economic growth – the Jordanian experience
Authors: Eddien N. Ananzeh Izz , D. Othman Mohammad
Published: February 2019

This study came to inspect the impact of the development of both financial market and banking system on the economic growth of Jordan based on the annual data covering the period 1993–2017. Through the use of many methodologies: Johansen cointegration test, (VECM), and Granger causality test, where real GDP was used as an indicator of economic growth, the real market value of stocks (Market Capitalization) (LCAP) and Share Turnover (LTURN) are indicators for the financial market, Money supply in the broad concept (LM2), and Local domestic credit (LCR) are indicators for the banking sector.The results of this study reported that the study variables are stationary, and in the level of order 2, they are integrated, and a long-run relationship between the study variables existed according to the Johansen co-integration test. VECM model result and the target model result confirm a short-run causality running from the all variables toward GDP. Granger causality test underline a single directional causality running from variables of our study to GDP and denote the short-run impact between LCAP, LTURN, LM2, LCR, and LGDP. The analysis of the variance decomposition shows that the development of the banking system affects economic growth almost equally with the impact of the development of the financial market. The results go to the same line of supply-leading hypothesis.
Influence of complex damping on transverse and longitudinal vibrations of portal frame
Authors: Bold Marta , Sochacki Wojciech
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a formulation and solution for the problem of transverse and longitudinal vibration of the portal frame with damping. The dissipation of vibration energy in the model is caused by simultaneous constructional, internal and external damping. The eigenvalues of the system for a selected and variable parameters were calculated. The effect of different type of damping on amplitude decay factor was presented.
Sensitivity analyses of resonant frequencies and modal strain energy of damaged beams by perturbation method
Authors: Chen G. , Gong P. P. , Liang P.
Published: February 2019

A new perturbation method has been proposed to investigate the sensitivities of the eigen-parameters (frequencies and mode shapes) and the modal strain energy density of a damaged beam. The sensitivities were obtained via the Rayleigh quotient and Taylor series expansion. The damage was simulated by the reduction in the cross-sectional area of the beam. The theoretical relationships were established between the damage parameter and the variations of the frequency and modal strain energy. The analytical formulae explicitly reveal the underlying mechanism that, the frequency, which is closely related to the modal strain energy of the entire structure, is less sensitive to the local damage; the modal strain energy density, on the other hand, is able to reflect the local damage in a small region. The results of the perturbation analyses were validated with the finite element analyses and experimental tests of the beam models with 2 damage levels. The first resonant frequencies decrease slightly with the increases of the damage. When 30 % of the cross-sectional area is cut off in the damaged zone, the first resonant frequencies are still 95 % and 98 % those of the intact beam for the bending vibration around x-axis and around y-axis; meanwhile, the modal strain energy increases 94 % and 54 % in the damage zone, which closely correlates with the local damage parameters. The proposed perturbation method has the potential to assess the quality of damage indictors faster and more easily than FE and experimental methods.
Natural vibration of tapered rectangular plate with exponential variation in non homogeneity
Authors: Sharma Amit , Mani Naveen , Bhardwaj Reeta
Published: February 2019

In this paper, authors studied the natural vibration of tapered non homogeneous rectangular plate on clamped edges. For tapering in plate, authors considered circular variation in thickness and for non-homogeneity (in plate’s material) Poisson’s ratio varies exponentially. Bilinear temperature (linear along both the axes) variation on the plate is being viewed. Rayleigh Ritz method is used to solve differential equation of motion. All the results are presented with the help of tables and graphs. A comparison of results is also given to support the present study.
Seismic responses and dynamic characteristics of boom tower crane basing on measured strong earthquake excitation
Authors: Yao Gang , Li Hang , Yang Yang , Pu Wei
Published: February 2019

With the wide use and longer life cycle of tower crane, the risk of coming across earthquake during service period increases. Hence, the seismic responses and dynamic characteristics of tower crane are becoming more important. In this paper, seismic responses and dynamic characteristics of boom tower crane were analyzed basing on measured strong earthquake excitation. The finite-element models of boom tower crane were established on Ansys platform. Key locations of max stress with different working conditions were confirmed. The stress and displacement of key nodes were compared and analyzed in time-history response with measured earthquake excitation. It was found that the sensitivities of different modes to the change of jib angle were distinct. Meanwhile the change of jib had a greater effect on dynamic characteristics of tower crane than the change of required lift capacity. When the jib was in small angle, numerical results showed that the lifting heavy object could be regarded as inertial damper, which absorbed earthquake energy and reduced displacement of tower crane partly. The results are of practical significance for seismic design and the layout of stability monitoring stations in tower crane.
A novel method of weakness imbalance fault identification and application in aero-hydraulic pump
Authors: Yu Mingyue , Cheng Jincai , Pan Hui , Zhang Runze , Lin Zeli
Published: February 2019

A method of combining auto-correlation and Hilbert envelope analysis is proposed and used to identify weakness imbalance fault of aero-hydraulic pump, the central part of hydraulic system of aircraft. Firstly, the integral and polynomial least square fitting is applied to convert acceleration signal to velocity one; secondly, the Hilbert envelope spectrum of auto-correlation function of velocity signal is obtained and used to identify the weakness imbalance fault of aero-hydraulic pump; finally, the energy ratio of velocity signal is calculated according to Hilbert envelope spectrum for identifying imbalance fault of aero-hydraulic pump by means of easier and more visual method. Meanwhile, the comparing analysis is carried out between traditional research method and proposed new one. The result shows that the weakness imbalance fault of aero-hydraulic pump can be identified and diagnosed effectively and correctly according to the velocity signal whether Hilbert envelope spectrum or calculation energy ratio while direct acceleration signal cannot.
Optimizing SVM’s parameters based on backtracking search optimization algorithm for gear fault diagnosis
Authors: Thai Vantrong , Cheng Junsheng , Nguyen Viethung , Daothi Phuonganh
Published: February 2019

The accuracy of a support vector machine (SVM) classifier is decided by the selection of optimal parameters for the SVM. The Backtracking Search Optimization Algorithm (BSA) is often applied to resolve the global optimization problem and adapted to optimize SVM parameters. In this research, a SVM parameter optimization method based on BSA (BSA-SVM) is proposed, and the BSA-SVM is applied to diagnose gear faults. Firstly, a gear vibration signal can be decomposed into several intrinsic scale components (ISCs) by means of the Local Characteristics-Scale Decomposition (LCD). Secondly, the MPE can extract the fault feature vectors from the first few ISCs. Thirdly, the fault feature vectors are taken as the input vectors of the BSA-SVM classifier. The analysis results of BSA-SVM classifier show that this method has higher accuracy than GA (Genetic Algorithm) or PSO (Particles Swarm Algorithm) algorithms combined with SVM. In short, the BSA-SVM based on the MPE-LCD is suitable to diagnose the state of health gear.
Design and modeling of improved controller using DC source fed permanent magnet synchronous motor drive with enhanced DC-DC converter by reducing vibrations for industrial applications
Authors: Duraisamy Yuvaraj , Gunasekaran Saravana Kumar
Published: February 2019

The proposed research involves Design and Modeling of Improved Controller (PID), Using DC Source Fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive with Enhanced DC-DC Converter by reducing vibration for Industrial Applications. It consists of a DC-DC converter, voltage-link module, fractional second order system PID controller. In this proposed improved controller, enhanced converter, DC-link switching is achieved by a bridged ripple voltage which results in the improved quality of output power, and it also reduces vibration, and noise in the drive without affecting mechanical properties. Reduction of switches makes the system more cost effective. A simulation of fractional second-order function, Buck-Boost converter is designed, and its concert is analyzed for various functioning factor conditions. The Three-Port Converter and B4-Inverter fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive focused on the industrial applications. An Ampere-hour unit powered converter is used at inductor terminal, which has been realized by minimizing the distortion and decreasing the Ampere-hour unit rating a new topology is proposed. As Comparing with previous system, the proposed system results in the reduced voltage fluctuation at the switches. Hence the proposed system proves power switches are compact, with reduced inrush current and improved output transfer function. Based on this a fulfilling closed loop validation has been performed for both simulation and experimental arrangement.
Biomodification of Ostrich Meat Properties with Collagenase: Optimization of Technological Parameters
Authors: Колодязная Валентина , Kolodyaznaya Valentina , Шестопалова Ирина , Shestopalova Irina , Кипрушкина Елена , Kiprushkina Elena , Рогозина Елена , Rogozina Elena , Головинская Оксана , Golovinskaia Oksana
Published: February 2019

Domestic and international experience confirm the expediency of enzymes in meat industry. Enzymes are used for biomodification proposes when it goes about raw materials with the high-content of connective tissue, e.g. chopped semi-finished products, delicatessen, sausages, etc. Ostrich meat is an advantageous source of functional food products due to its high content of native protein, selenium, magnesium, phosphorus, and group B vitamins and low contents of cholesterol. However, a significant amount of connective tissue makes it rigid. Application of collagenase improves the functional and technological properties of minced meat and product yield. The purpose of the present research was to optimize the technological parameters of fermented ostrich minced meat by the method of multifactorial experiment planning. The ostrich thighs parts were produced on the territory of the Leningrad Region. The authors used the fractional factorial experiment to study the influence of three factors on response functions: the mass fraction of collagenase (C, the coded variable X1), the holding time (τ, the coded variable X2), and the holding temperature (t, the coded variable X3). The values of moisture-holding ability (Y1) and the content of amino nitrogen (Y2) were chosen as response functions. The study had the following parameters of fermentation at the main level and the interval of variation: C0 = 0,04%, ΔC = 0,02%; τ0 = 4 hr, Δτ = 2 hr; t0 = 12o C, Δt = 7oC. The experiment resulted in a matrix of experiment planning and several regression equations, which describe the process in question. The study revealed the optimal technological parameters of minced meat fermentation with collagenase: mass fraction of collagenase was 0.05% while the duration of exposure of minced meat was 4.5 hours at t = 13°C. These technological parameters allowed the authors to obtain minced meat with better organoleptic characteristics and functional and technological properties in comparison with those of the control sample. The obtained fermented minced meat and the selected regimes are recommended for chopped semi-finished products, cooked sausages, and meat-vegetable canned foods.
Properties of Lactic Acid Microorganisms: Long-Term Preservation Methods
Authors: Кригер Ольга , Kriger Olga , Носкова Светлана , Noskova Svetlana
Published: February 2019

Among the relevant studies on lactic acid bacteria there are projects devoted to the multienzyme complexes of starter cultures, new competitive bacterial concentrates and their use in fermented functional milk products. In fermented milk production, the process of albuminolysis has a significant impact on the consistency, taste, and smell of the product. Therefore, lactic acid bacteria with high proteolytic properties are of the greatest interest for fermented milk industry. The present research features long- term methods for preservation of the properties of lactic acid microorganisms. The experiment defined the regime parameters of combined starter lyophilisation. The results prove that fermented milk production requires high-quality starter strains. The authors developed a long-term method for preservation of properties of particular strains of lactic acid microorganisms. The method presupposes freeze-drying with the following parameters: freezing temperature – minus 25°C in a protective 5%-glycerol medium (90 minutes); the drying temperature – 30°C (6 hours); refrigerating load – 5.45 kW/m²; residual pressure – 0.6‒0.8 kPa, bed depth – 2 mm. The authors also developed the necessary documentation (No. 9225-096-02054145-2013), procedures, and formula of the fermented milk product with a combined direct application starter.
Import-Substituting Food Additive E316 (Sodium Isoascorbate): Production Patterns
Authors: Кукин Михаил , Kukin Mikhail
Published: February 2019

Sodium isoascorbate is one of the most popular antioxidants in food industry. Russia imports it from abroad. Thus, import substitution requires a thorough research into the patterns of isoascorbate technology production and development. The mass fraction of the main substance in the solution and crystals of the target product was determined by iodometric titration. It was established that the rate of oxidative degradation of sodium isoascorbate solutions is from 0.01%/h at 25°C to 0.80%/h at 82°C, depending on the temperature and duration of the process, as well as contact with metal and oxygen of the air. The experiment substantiated the choice of metal equipment and the temperature limit of 60°C. The equivalent pH values during the interaction of isoascorbic acid solutions with sodium hydroxide, carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate solutions were 7.5, 7.0, and 5.6, respectively. The author also defined the influence of equilibrium concentrations of aqueous solutions of isoascorbic acid and sodium isoascorbate on temperature. The optimal method was to add a solution of sodium hydroxide into a solution of isoascorbic acid with a ratio between the masses of sodium hydroxide solution, crystalline isoascorbic acid, and prepared water, respectively, 1:2.11:6.13. The solution obtained at such ratios had a supersaturation coefficient of 1.05 at a temperature of 60°C. The experiment revealed the time required to establish equilibrium in the crystallizing system and the dependence of the solubility of sodium isoasorbate on the mass fraction of ethyl alcohol in solution. It was proposed to separate the target product from the solution by isohydric crystallization followed by isothermal crystallization, followed by washing the crystals with ethyl alcohol. According to the proposed technology, sodium isoascorbate was obtained with a mass fraction of the basic substance of at least 99.0%. The obtained data can be used in the development of industrial technology for the production of sodium isoascorbate.
Modern Packaging Solutions for Whey Protein Concentrate
Authors: Мазеева Ирина , Maseeva Irina , Короткий Игорь , Korotkiy Igor , Плотников Игорь , Plotnikov Igor
Published: February 2019

The competent choice and use of packaging materials is one of the most urgent tasks of the dairy industry, i.e. the feedstock; production technology and applied processing; organoleptic characteristics of the product; its weight; conditions, modes, and duration of transportation, storage, and sale. There is a long list of requirements for packaging materials in dairy industry. It includes high strength, resistance to wear, sufficient rigidity, an ability to weld; formation of strong and sealed seams; an aesthetic design that can attract the consumer; standard labeling, etc. The present article features the objectives and requirements of packaging; types of packaging; innovative technologies used for packaging whey protein concentrate and its products; modes and conditions of transportation and storage. Today, Russian packaging manufacturers have developed and mastered a wide range of packaging materials, closures, transport and consumer packaging of domestic raw materials; innovative packaging technologies for dairy products that take into account the sensory, structural, and mechanical characteristics of packaged products; the timing of implementation and storage. The main prospect is the development and production of packaging materials with an improved and predictable set of safety indicators and barrier level, e.g. multilayer and combined materials, such as polymer, based on innovative technological solutions.
Molecular Genetic Methods in Microbiological Control of Food Products
Authors: Деревенщикова Мария , Derevshchikova Mariya , Сыромятников Михаил , Syromyatnikov Mikhail , Попов Василий , Popov Vasily
Published: February 2019

There are a number of technologies and business applications that identify nucleic acids of various microorganisms. Technologies based on DNA analysis are the most promising direction in the molecular-genetic identification of the microbiota in food substrates. The present paper is a review of various aspects of microorganism identification in food substrates, their advantages and disadvantages. It features modern regulatory, scientific, and methodological sources, as well as patented solutions. The authors pay considerable attention to the classical methods and describe the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in microbiota analysis. Then, they trace the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) of DNA and how it can be used to identify pathogens in food substrates. So far, NGS proves to be the most advantageous method that identifies prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, as well as pathogens.
Caracterização geológica-geomorfológica da Ibiapaba Setentrional (Ceará, Brasil)
Authors: Moura-Fé Marcelo Martins de
Published: February 2019

Pertencente ao grupo das serras úmidas do semiárido nordestino, a Ibiapaba apresenta lacunas em sua história natural e, por conseguinte, há a necessidade de um maior conhecimento sobre sua evolução geomorfológica, por exemplo. Uma etapa importante para o preenchimento dessa lacuna passa pelo conhecimento integrado entre os substratos geológicos e os relevos que compõem a paisagem da Ibiapaba, na região noroeste do estado do Ceará. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal desse trabalho é apresentar os elementos geológicos da bacia sedimentar do Parnaíba, seus reflexos e sua interação com a geomorfologia da Ibiapaba em sua porção setentrional. Metodologicamente foram utilizados os pressupostos teóricos da ciência geomorfológica, com ênfase na análise morfoestrutural. Tecnicamente, o contingente metodológico se apoiou nas etapas de gabinete, com detalhados e criteriosos levantamentos bibliográfico e cartográfico, na realização de levantamentos de campo e na análise integrada de todos os dados na etapa de laboratório, com ênfase nos mapeamentos temáticos da Ibiapaba e região. Os resultados alcançados, apresentados nas caracterizações litológicas, nas discussões teóricas e empíricas feitas, e nos materiais gráficos elaborados (mapas, perfis e fotos editadas), permitem fazer uma análise dos condicionantes geológicos para o quadro geomorfológico da Ibiapaba, condição básica para o conhecimento do relevo e seus aspectos evolutivos.
Synthesis, Conformational Analysis and Crystal Structure of New Thioxo, Oxo, Seleno Diastereomeric Cyclophosphamides Containing 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane
Authors: Kanzari-Mnallah Dorra , Efrit Med L. , Pavlíček Jiří , Vellieux Frédéric , Boughzala Habib , Akacha Azaiez B.
Published: February 2019

Thioxo, Oxo and Seleno diastereomeric cyclophosphamides containing 1,3,2-
dioxaphosphorinane are prepared by a one-step chemical reaction. Their structural determination
is carried out by means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR (31P, 1 H, 13C) and
High-Resolution Mass Spectroscopy (HRMS). The conformational study of diastereomeric
products is described. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations allowed the
identification of preferred conformations. Experimental and calculated 31P, 13C, 1H NMR
chemical shifts are compared. The molecular structure of the 2-Benzylamino-5-methyl-5-
propyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane (3d) has been determined by means of crystal Xray
diffraction methods.
Migrantes e Residentes de Origem Lusófona em Portugal - Evolução do Sistema Político-Jurídico de Direitos de Cidadania
Authors: Carvalhais Isabel Estrada
Published: February 2019

Este texto debruça-se sobre a análise das principais respostas políticas que em Portugal têm sido avançadas no que respeita à integração de comunidades migrantes e de monorias étnicas. Este objectivo de análise integra por sua vez um outro muito mais vasto: entender como a cidadania portuguesa produz as suas (in)compatibilidades com a emergência de discursos de pós-nacionalidade.
From Specific to General in Electoral Cycle Models
Authors: Caleiro António Bento
Published: February 2019

The article considers a way of generalizing the, so-called, stylized, which is also a specific model of electoral cycles. This generalization consists on assuming that the output level does indeed exhibit persistence, i.e. its current value (may be) being a function (also) of its past value. In an integrated way, the consequences of this generalization are analyzed.