bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidenzbasierte Forschung in der Plastischen und Ästhetischen
Chirurgie: Querschnittsanalyse von Forschungsarbeiten im Zeitraum
2019–2021
Authors: Alawi Seyed Arash , Rudari Michele , Dragu Adrian
Published: April 2023

Hintergrund Im Fachgebiet der Plastischen und Ästhetischen
Chirurgie wird jährlich kontinuierlich international publiziert. Die
Publikationsleistung wird jedoch nicht regelmäßig auf das
Evidenzlevel untersucht. In Anbetracht der starken Publikationsleistung ist die
regelmäßige Beurteilung des Evidenzlevels der aktuellen
Publikationsjahre sinnvoll und war Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit.

Material und Methoden Es erfolgte die Auswertung der Publikationen des
Journals of Hand Surgery/JHS (European Volume Journal), des Journals
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery/PRS, sowie des Journals
Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie und Plastische Chirurige/HaMiPla von
Januar 2019 bis Dezember 2021. Hierbei wurden die Affiliation der Autoren, die
Art der Publikation, die Anzahl der untersuchten Patienten sowie das
Evidenzlevel mit bestehenden Interessenkonflikten analysiert.

ErgebnisseInsgesamt wurden 1341 Publikationen ausgewertet. Von diesen
wurden 334 Originalarbeiten im JHS, 896 im PRS, sowie 111 im HaMiPla
veröffentlicht. Der größte Anteil waren retrospektive
Arbeiten (53,5%, n=718). Die weitere Verteilung ergab
18% (n=237) klinisch prospektive Arbeiten, 3,4%
(n=47) randomisiert klinische Studien (RCT), 12,5%
(n=168) experimentelle Arbeiten und 6,5% (n=88)
anatomische Studien. Die Verteilung der Evidenzlevel aller untersuchten Studien
ergab Stufe I: 1,6% (n=21), Stufe II: 8,7%
(n=116), Stufe III: 20,3% (n=272), Stufe IV:
25,2% (n=338), Stufe V: 2,3% (n=31). Bei
42% (n=563) der Arbeiten gab es keine Angabe des Evidenzlevels.
Die meisten Evidenzlevels I stammten zu 76,2% aus Unikliniken
(n=16) (χ²-Test 0,619, > 0,05,
95%-Konfidenzintervall).

Schlussfolgerung Auch wenn RCTs für viele chirurgische
Fragestellungen nicht geeignet sind, könnten gut konzipierte und
durchgeführte Kohorten- oder Fallkontrollstudien die Evidenzlage
verbessern. Viele der derzeitigen Studien sind eher retrospektive Arbeiten und
haben keine Kontrollgruppe. Forscher auf dem Gebiet der Plastischen Chirurgie
sollten in Erwägung ziehen, ein Kohorten- oder Fall-Kontroll-Design zu
verwenden, wenn eine RCT nicht möglich ist.
Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Simulated Microsurgical Vascular Anastomosis
Authors: Ito Yoshiro , Hafez Ahmad , Hosoo Hisayuki , Marushima Aiki , Matsumaru Yuji , Ishikawa Eiichi
Published: April 2023

Background The effects of sleep deprivation on surgical performance have been well documented. However, reports on the effects of sleep deprivation on microneurosurgery are limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on microneurosurgery.

Methods Ten neurosurgeons participated in the anastomosis of a vessel model using a microscope in sleep-deprived and normal states. We evaluated the procedure time (PT), stitch time (ST), interval time (IT), number of unachieved movements (NUM), leak rate, and practical scale for anastomosis quality assessment. Each parameter was compared between normal and sleep-deprived states. Subanalyses were performed on the two groups based on PT and NUM under the normal state (proficient and nonproficient groups).

Results Although no significant differences were noted in PT, ST, NUM, leak rate, or practical scale, IT was significantly prolonged under sleep deprivation compared with the normal state (mean: 258.8 ± 94.0 vs. 199.3 ± 74.9 seconds; p = 0.02). IT was significantly prolonged under sleep deprivation in the nonproficient group based on both PT and NUM (PT: 234.2 ± 71.6 vs. 321.2 ± 44.7 seconds, p = 0.04; NUM: 173.3 ± 73.6 vs. 218.7 ± 97.7; p = 0.02), whereas no significant difference was observed in the proficient group (PT: 147.0 ± 47.0 vs. 165.3 ± 61.1 seconds, p = 0.25; NUM: 173.3 ± 73.6 vs. 218.7 ± 97.7; p = 0.25).

Conclusions Although IT was significantly prolonged under sleep deprivation in the nonproficient group, there was no decline in performance skills in either the proficient or nonproficient group. The effect of sleep deprivation may require caution in the nonproficient group, but it is possible that certain microneurosurgical outcomes can be achieved under sleep deprivation.
Mandatory vs. optional split-dose bowel preparation for morning colonoscopies: a pragmatic noninferiority randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dolovich Casandra , Unruh Claire , Moffatt Dana C. , Loewen Carrie , Kaita Brennan , Barkun Alan N. , Martel Myriam , Singh Harminder
Published: April 2023

Background We compared the effectiveness of optional split-dose bowel preparation (SDBP) with mandatory SDBP for morning colonoscopies in usual clinical practice.

Methods Adult patients undergoing outpatient early morning (8:00 AM–10:30 PM) and late morning (10:30 AM–12:00 PM) colonoscopies were included. Written bowel preparation instructions were provided based on randomization: one group were instructed to take their bowel preparation (4 L polyethylene glycol solution) as a split dose (mandatory), while the comparator group was allowed the choice of SDBP or single-dose bowel preparation administered entirely on the day before (optional). The primary end point, using noninferiority hypothesis testing with a 5 % margin, was adequate bowel cleanliness measured by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) and defined by a BBPS score ≥ 6.

Results Among 770 randomized patients with complete data, there were 267 mandatory SDBP and 265 optional SDBP patients for early morning colonoscopies, and 120 mandatory SDBP and 118 optional SDBP patients for late morning colonoscopies. Optional SDBP was inferior to mandatory SDBP, with a lower proportion of adequate BBPS cleanliness for early morning colonoscopies (78.9 % vs. 89.9 %; absolute risk difference [aRD] 11.0 %, 95 %CI 5.9 % to 16.1 %), but was not statistically different for late morning colonoscopies (76.3 % vs. 83.3 %; aRD 7.1 %, 95 %CI −1.5 % to 15.5 %).

Conclusions Optional SDBP is inferior to mandatory SDBP in providing adequate bowel preparation quality for early morning colonoscopies (8:00 AM–10:30 AM), and probably inferior for late morning colonoscopies (10:30 AM–12:00 PM).
Barriers and interventions on the way to empower women through financial inclusion: a 2 decades systematic review (2000–2020)
Authors: Saluja Omika Bhalla , Singh Priyanka , Kumar Harit
Published: April 2023

This study aims to reduce ambiguity in theoretical and empirical underpinning by synthesizing various knowledge concepts through a systematic review of barriers and interventions to promote the financial inclusion of women. The surrounding literature is vast, complex, and difficult to comprehend, necessitating frequent reviews. However, due to the sheer size of the literature, such reviews are generally fragmented focusing only on the factors causing the financial exclusion of women while ignoring the interventions that have been discussed all along. Filling up this gap, this study attempts to provide a bird’s-view to systematically connect all the factors as well as mediations found in past studies with the present and future. PRISMA approach has been used to explain various inclusions and exclusions extracted from Scopus & WOS databases with the backward and forward searches of important studies. Collaborative peer review selection with a qualitative synthesis of results is used to explain various barriers and interventions in financial inclusion that affected women’s empowerment in the period 2000–2020. Out of 1740 records identified, 67 studies are found eligible based on systematic screening for detailed investigation. This study has identified patriarchy structures, psychological factors, low income/wages, low financial literacy, low financial accessibility and ethnicity as six prominent barriers and government & corporate programs/policies, microfinance, formal saving accounts & services, cash & asset transfer, self-help groups, and digital inclusion as six leading interventions to summarize the literature and highlight its gaps.
Analytic insights into nonlocal energy transport: Steady state Fokker Planck theory in arbitrary Z plasmas
Authors: Manheimer Wallace
Published: April 2023

The generation of energetic electrons in laser fusion in an important issue. The electrons may either arise from a laser plasma instability, or from the uncoupled high temperature tail of a Maxwellian distribution. To study these in a laser fusion context, it is important to find a method accurate enough to be useful, and simple enough to be incorporated into a radiation hydrodynamics numerical simulation, the main workhorse for studying the laser fusion target. That is why analytic insights become important, they allow one to simplify the Fokker Planck theory so that a solution of it can be incorporated into a radiation hydrodynamic simulation. This work develops and analyzes a steady state Fokker Planck theory for plasmas of arbitrary Z. It develops a method of solving the simplified Fokker Planck method with a technique called sparse eigenfunction analysis. This method appears to work reasonably well when compared to the experimental results from the Rochester/NIF on plastic spherical targets with and without a silicon layer.
High crystallinity N-polar InGaN layers grown on cleaved ScAlMgO4 substrates
Authors: Kirilenko Pavel , Najmi Mohammed A. , Ma Bei , Shushanian Artem , Velazquez-Rizo Martin , Iida Daisuke , Ohkawa Kazuhiro
Published: April 2023

We have grown high-crystallinity InGaN layers on ScAlMgO4 (SAM) substrates using metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy. We have prepared atomically flat SAM substrates by cleaving them along the c-plane and have utilized direct InGaN growth without any low-temperature buffer layer. The resulting InGaN layer has a distinct hexagonal hillock morphology and remarkable crystalline quality. The x-ray rocking curve measurements showed that (0002̄) and (10–1–2) peaks full widths at half-maximum are as good as 384 and 481 arcsec, respectively. The calculated threading dislocations densities are as low as 2.9 × 108 and 1.6 × 109 cm−2 in the case of screw-type and edge-type dislocations, respectively.
Equilibria of liquid drops on pre-stretched, nonlinear elastic membranes through a variational approach
Authors: Nair Vineet , Sharma Ishan
Published: April 2023

We study the equilibrium of planar systems consisting of sessile and pendent drops on pre-stretched, nonlinear elastic membranes. The membrane experiences large deformations due to both capillary forces and the drop's weight. The membrane's surface energies are allowed to depend upon stretches in the membrane. We minimize the free energy of the system to obtain the governing equations. This recovers all equations found by force balance, in addition to an extra condition that must hold at the triple point. The latter closes the system's mathematical description and defines a unique equilibrium given the membrane's material and pre-stretch, and the properties of drop's fluid and its volume. The extra condition simplifies to continuity of stretches at the triple point when the surface energies are strain-independent. We then solve these coupled nonlinear equations to obtain the global equilibria of the drop–membrane system. We report the effects of drop's volume and membrane's pre-tension on the system's geometry and tension distribution in the membrane. Through this, we align the theory closely with experiments, which will then allow the use of the present system both as an elastocapillary tension probe and as a device to measure solid surface energies.
Observation of tearing mode triggering by sawtooth crash with high-Z impurity accumulation in EAST
Authors: Pan Shanshan , Duan Yanmin , Xu Liqing , Chao Yan , Zhao Hailin , Liu Haiqing , Wang Shouxin , Zhang Ling , Chu Yuqi , Zhang Wenmin , Ye Kaixuan , Hu Liqun
Published: April 2023

The high-Z impurity accumulation in the plasma core could degrade the plasma performance and may affect sawtooth crash and trigger tearing modes (TMs) in experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST). Triggering of m/n = 3/2 TM (m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively) and m/n = 2/1 TM by a large sawtooth crash is observed and studied under the condition of high-Z impurity accumulation in core plasma in EAST tokamak. This work mainly focuses on the relationship among impurity, sawtooth crashes, and TMs. When there is a certain amount of impurity in the plasma core, sawtooth crash leads to impurity transport, resulting the changes in impurity concentration, and by inducing the density perturbation near the rational surface, TMs become destabilized. The experimental analyses indicate that the outward impurity transport after a sawtooth crash plays an important role in the destabilization of TMs.
Effect of A/B-site structural heterogeneity on ferroelectricity in AgNbO3-based ceramics
Authors: Lin Yan , Zhuang Qiang , Li Fei
Published: April 2023

AgNbO3 (ANO)-based lead-free antiferroelectric ceramics with high energy storage density show potential application in pulsed power systems. Structural heterogeneity via doping different ions offers an effective route to explore high performance dielectric materials. The effect of A-site and B-site modified ANO-based ceramics at the same doping amount of 50% on ferroelectricity was investigated. The result shows that the A/B site structural heterogeneities both improved relaxor features, which make a great contribution to the energy storage efficiency, while the B-site modification shows a more effective influence on the structure, grain growth, and ferroelectricity regulation. In this case, the optimized recoverable energy storage density of 2.6 J/cc with an improved efficiency of 87.6% was achieved in the Ta-ANO component.
Third-order accurate 13-moment equations for non-continuum transport phenomenon
Authors: Yadav Upendra , Jonnalagadda Anirudh , Agrawal Amit
Published: April 2023

The derivation of analytical equations of non-continuum macroscopic transport phenomena is underpinned by approximate descriptions of the particle distribution function and is required due to the inability of the Navier–Stokes equations to describe flows at high Knudsen number (Kn ∼ 1). In this paper, we present a compact representation of the second-order correction to the Maxwellian distribution function and 13-moment transport equations that contain fewer terms compared to available moment-based representations. The intrinsic inviscid and isentropic assumptions of the second-order accurate distribution function are then relaxed to present a third-order accurate representation of the distribution function, using which corresponding third-order accurate moment transport equations are derived. Validation studies performed for Grad’s second problem and the force-driven plane Poiseuille flow problem at non-zero Knudsen numbers for Maxwell molecules highlight an improvement over results obtained by using the Navier–Stokes equations and Grad’s 13-moment (G13) equations. To establish the ability of the proposed equations to accurately capture the bulk behavior of the fluid, the results of Grad’s second problem have been validated against the analytical solution of the Boltzmann equation. For the planar Poiseuille flow problem, validations against the direct simulation Monte Carlo method data reveal that, in contrast to G13 equations, the proposed equations are capable of accurately capturing the Knudsen boundary layer.
Temperature correction method for dielectric response of high moisture content and aging degree oil impregnated paper based on segmented activation energy
Authors: Zhang Daning , Tian Wenrui , Li Xuan , Lu Xu , Tian Jie , Mu Haibao , Zhang Guanjun
Published: April 2023

Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS) is widely used to estimate oil–paper insulation. The high moisture and long aging change the FDS characteristics of the insulating oil–paper, so normalization processing is required. Still, the choice of single activation energy needs further research. This paper studies the FDS characteristic of oil–paper insulation samples with different moisture and aging degrees and improves the traditional temperature correction method. The enhanced Arrhenius model uses the segmented activation energy to make the normalized FDS curve coincide better with the target curve, and the error is reduced. In addition, to verify the method’s effectiveness, this paper proposes an iterative correction process. It corrects the tan δ-f curve of the bushing with an aging time of 800 h based on segmented activation energy, and the overall normalization effect is improved.
Magnetic dipole and quadrupole transitions in the ν2 + ν3 vibrational band of carbon dioxide
Authors: Chistikov Daniil N.
Published: April 2023

This paper aims at the theoretical study of the CO2 magnetic-dipole ν2 + ν3 rovibrational absorption band that was recently detected in the Martian atmosphere. Specific characteristics of the magnetic dipole operator are carefully examined. Our evaluation of the magnetic-dipole line intensities is based on the variational calculations and the use of molecular properties is determined through specially performed ab initio quantum chemical calculations. The comparison of our simulated magnetic-dipole spectrum with available laboratory taken data also requires the knowledge of line intensities in the quadrupole band, which partially overlaps with that magnetic-dipole. Quadrupole intensities, once reconsidered, are permitted to correct previously reported values of the integrated intensity as well as the intensity of selected branches. The sum of our calculated magnetic-dipole and quadrupole rovibrational lines is shown to be in good agreement with both sets of presently available data from FTIR and OFCEAS laboratory observations.
Study on harmonic metering characteristics of Rogowski coil current transformer
Authors: Chen Liwen , Chen Haibin , Zhu Zheng , Wu Yu , Zhen Haohan , Tong Tao , Yu Lei , Shen Peigang
Published: April 2023

This paper introduces the harmonic requirements of a power system transformer and the principle of the Rogowski coil electronic current transformer, summarizes the simple and practical methods for harmonic measurement of the Rogowski coil electronic current transformer, and conducts harmonic measurement of the electronic current transformer through high-precision harmonic source and standard current transformer and transformer calibrator. The results show that this method has strong applicability and simple operation, which greatly enriches the harmonic measurement methods.
Direct numerical simulation of detonation–turbulence interaction in hydrogen/oxygen/argon mixtures with a detailed chemistry
Authors: Iwata Kazuya , Suzuki Sou , Kai Reo , Kurose Ryoichi
Published: April 2023

Direct numerical simulation is conducted to address the detonation–turbulence interaction in a stoichiometric hydrogen/oxygen/argon mixture. The argon dilution rate is varied so that the mixture composition is 2H2 + O2 + 7Ar and 2H2 + O2 + Ar to discuss the effects of cell regularity on the sensitivity to turbulence. Turbulent Reynolds number and turbulent Mach number are taken to be common for both mixtures. The results show that the shock and flame of detonation in both mixtures are significantly deformed into corrugated ones in the turbulent flow, producing many small unburned gas pockets. However, one-dimensional time-averaged profiles reveal the different sensitivity of the mixtures: in the highly diluted mixture (2H2 + O2 + 7Ar), the reaction progress is not much influenced by turbulence, whereas in the less-diluted mixture (2H2 + O2 + Ar), the reaction takes place more rapidly with turbulence. Analysis of the properties of turbulence and turbulent fluctuations in the detonations clarifies that the direct contribution of turbulence to the flame front is weaker; there is no clear correlation between the heat release and the curvature of the flame. On the other hand, a broader Mach number distribution just upstream of the shock front creates more hot spots in the less-diluted mixture, which results in a shorter induction length. These results indicate that the main contribution of turbulence is creation of different shock strength, which could lead to different reaction rates depending on the cell regularity.
Sintering characteristics and electrical properties of 5YSZ electrolyte
Authors: Wan Fangming , Zhang Xiao , Li Shuo , Xu Yaohua , Cui Jiandong
Published: April 2023

5YSZ (5 mol. %Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2) solid electrolytes play a key role in NOx sensors for their important ion conduction performance in the sensing process. In this study, the influence of sintering and test temperature on 5YSZ solid electrolytes was investigated. The 5YSZ solid electrolyte was prepared by the tape casting process, followed by the sintering process. The ionic conductivity of the 5YSZ solid electrolyte sintered at 1450 °C is higher than that of other samples. The conductivity and activation energy of grain interior and grain boundary showed opposite tendency. The performance of ion conductivity was attributed to (1) the higher test temperature being applied to the working electrolyte and accelerated transfer efficiency and (2) enhanced diffusion of oxygen ions, which increased through the formation of dense structure.
Slot coating flows with a Boussinesq–Scriven viscous interface
Authors: Silva F. O. , Siqueira I. R. , Carvalho M. S. , Thompson R. L.
Published: April 2023

We present a computational study of free surface flows with rheologically complex interfaces in the film formation region of a slot coater. The equations of motion for incompressible Newtonian liquids in the bulk flow are coupled with the Boussinesq–Scriven constitutive equation for viscous interfaces in the dynamic boundary condition at the liquid-air free surface and solved with a mixed finite element method. We show that the interfacial viscosity plays a major role in the flow dynamics and operating limits of slot coating. We find that the interfacial viscosity makes viscous interfaces generally stiffer than their simple counterparts, affecting both the normal and the tangential stress jumps across the free surface. As a result, the interfacial viscosity counteracts the meniscus retraction and slows down the film flow, increasing the development length over the substrate and changing the topology of the recirculation region in the coating bead. Remarkably, we also find that the interfacial viscosity can substantially broaden the operating boundaries of the coating window associated with the low-flow limit, suggesting that surface-active components can be suitably designed to allow for the stable production of thinner films at higher speeds by tuning interfacial material properties in slot coating applications.
Flowering responses of serradella (Ornithopus spp.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) to vernalisation and photoperiod and their role in maturity type determination and flowering date stability
Authors: Goward Laura E. , Haling Rebecca E. , Smith Rowan W. , Penrose Beth , Simpson Richard J.
Published: April 2023

Context Serradellas (Ornithopus spp.) are promising alternative annual legumes to subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), for permanent, temperate pastures. However, many cultivars exhibit unstable flowering dates across years. This is a risk for seed production and persistence. Aim This study assessed how vernalisation and photoperiod cues determine maturity type and flowering date stability among serradella cultivars. Methods First flower appearance was recorded for early and late maturing cultivars of yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus L.), French serradella (Ornithopus sativus Brot.) and subterranean clover after exposure to six vernalisation treatments (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 weeks at 5°C) with subsequent growth under four photoperiods (8, 12, 16 or 20 h). Key results ‘Intrinsic earliness’ differed by only zero to three nodes for cultivars within species, indicating that maturity type was determined primarily by a cultivar’s responses to vernalisation and photoperiod. An interaction between these responses was observed, with a precipitous decline in the requirement for vernalisation when photoperiods exceeded 12 h. Many cultivars also displayed a persistent component to their vernalisation response, whereby long photoperiods (20 h) did not completely negate the response to vernalisation. Conclusions Later maturity was associated particularly with need for long exposure to the vernalisation treatment to minimise the duration from sowing to first flower appearance. Stable flowering is more likely when a cultivar has components of its vernalisation requirement that are not satisfied before autumn ends to prevent premature flowering, and a photoperiod response in spring that overrides any unmet vernalisation requirement. Implications Persistence by serradella cultivars requires selection for suitable responsiveness to vernalisation and photoperiod.
A shark-inspired general model of tooth morphogenesis unveils developmental asymmetries in phenotype transitions
Authors: Zimm Roland , Berio Fidji , Debiais-Thibaud Mélanie , Goudemand Nicolas
Published: April 2023

Developmental complexity stemming from the dynamic interplay between genetic and biomechanic factors canalizes the ways genotypes and phenotypes can change in evolution. As a paradigmatic system, we explore how changes in developmental factors generate typical tooth shape transitions. Since tooth development has mainly been researched in mammals, we contribute to a more general understanding by studying the development of tooth diversity in sharks. To this end, we build a general, but realistic, mathematical model of odontogenesis. We show that it reproduces key shark-specific features of tooth development as well as real tooth shape variation in small-spotted catsharksScyliorhinus canicula. We validate our model by comparison with experiments in vivo. Strikingly, we observe that developmental transitions between tooth shapes tend to be highly degenerate, even for complex phenotypes. We also discover that the sets of developmental parameters involved in tooth shape transitions tend to depend asymmetrically on the direction of that transition. Together, our findings provide a valuable base for furthering our understanding of how developmental changes can lead to both adaptive phenotypic change and trait convergence in complex, phenotypically highly diverse, structures.
Positivity in the English language learning classroom
Authors: Diert-Boté Irati
Published: April 2023

Positive Psychology was introduced in Second Language Acquisition research in order to explore how positivity can
be experienced in the classroom so that learners can flourish in their language learning processes even in averse circumstances
(see MacIntyre & Gregersen, 2012). Drawing on theories from Positive Psychology
(Fredrickson, 2001, 2013), this study
explores moments of positive contact between teacher and students (see Korthagen et al.,
2014) via (1) students’ self-reported accounts of their experiences in English learning contexts through four
interviews and three focus groups; and (2) observable classroom practices through audio/video recordings of six class sessions.
Findings reveal that positive emotion, which is co-constructed by both teacher and student(s) in in-situ interaction, seems to
benefit the learner at multiple levels (emotionally, behaviorally, motivationally and cognitively), to contribute to creating
rapport between them, and to help fulfill various foreign language learning-related goals.
Host immune response factors associated withStaphylococcus aureuschronic intramammary infections
Authors: Calvinho Luis F. , Dallard Bibiana E.
Published: April 2023

Staphylococcus aureusis one of the main causes of mastitis in dairy cows worldwide. The most common form of the disease is characterized by chronic subclinical infection with sporadic clinical episodes that can persist throughout the life of the animal. Once infection evolves to chronicity, the bacteriological cure rate following classic antibiotic therapy is low and persistently infected cows become the main reservoir of the organism in a dairy herd. The establishment and persistence ofS. aureusintramammary infection (IMI) has been associated with certain characteristics of the pathogen that induce an impaired immune response unable to eliminate the pathogen. In a related review, the most relevant pathogen factors associated with the establishment and chronicity ofS. aureusIMI were covered. This review summarizes current knowledge about the most relevant components of the host’s innate and adaptive immune response that are associated with the establishment and chronicity ofS. aureusIMI. A better understanding of these factors will allow the development of intervention strategies aimed at improving different aspects of the control of this disease, including diagnostic methods, therapeutics and modulation of the host immune response.
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 is a cargo-selective v-SNARE for a subset of GPCRs
Authors: Chen Hao , Weinberg Zara Y. , Kumar G. Aditya , Puthenveedu Manojkumar A.
Published: April 2023

Vesicle fusion at the plasma membrane is critical for releasing hormones and neurotransmitters and for delivering the cognate G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) to the cell surface. The SNARE fusion machinery that releases neurotransmitters has been well characterized. In contrast, the fusion machinery that delivers GPCRs is still unknown. Here, using high-speed multichannel imaging to simultaneously visualize receptors and v-SNAREs in real time in individual fusion events, we identify VAMP2 as a selective v-SNARE for GPCR delivery. VAMP2 was preferentially enriched in vesicles that mediate the surface delivery of μ opioid receptor (MOR), but not other cargos, and was required selectively for MOR recycling. Interestingly, VAMP2 did not show preferential localization on MOR-containing endosomes, suggesting that v-SNAREs are copackaged with specific cargo into separate vesicles from the same endosomes. Together, our results identify VAMP2 as a cargo-selective v-SNARE and suggest that surface delivery of specific GPCRs is mediated by distinct fusion events driven by distinct SNARE complexes.
Binding motif for RIC-3 chaperon protein in serotonin type 3A receptors
Authors: Do Hoa Quynh , Jansen Michaela
Published: April 2023

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptors belong to the family of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) that are therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders and neurological diseases. Due to structural conservation and significant sequence similarities of pLGICs’ extracellular and transmembrane domains, clinical trials for drug candidates targeting these two domains have been hampered by off-subunit modulation. With the present study, we explore the interaction interface of the 5-HT3A subunit intracellular domain (ICD) with the resistance to inhibitors of choline esterase (RIC-3) protein. Previously, we have shown that RIC-3 interacts with the L1-MX segment of the ICD fused to maltose-binding protein. In the present study, synthetic L1-MX-based peptides and Ala-scanning identify positions W347, R349, and L353 as critical for binding to RIC-3. Complementary studies using full-length 5-HT3A subunits confirm that the identified Ala substitutions reduce the RIC-3-mediated modulation of functional surface expression. Additionally, we find and characterize a duplication of the binding motif, DWLR…VLDR, present in both the MX-helix and the transition between the ICD MA-helix and transmembrane segment M4. Analogous Ala substitutions at W447, R449, and L454 disrupt MAM4-peptide RIC-3 interactions and reduce modulation of functional surface expression. In summary, we identify the binding motif for RIC-3 in 5-HT3A subunits at two locations in the ICD, one in the MX-helix and one at the MAM4-helix transition.
Crystal-Momentum-Resolved Contributions to Harmonics in Laser-Driven Graphene
Authors: Peng Zhaoyang , Lang Yue , Zhu Yalei , Zhao Jing , Zhang Dongwen , Zhao Zengxiu , Yuan Jianmin
Published: April 2023

We investigate the crystal-momentum-resolved contributions to high-order harmonic generation in laser-driven graphene by semi-conductor Bloch equations in the velocity gauge. It is shown that each harmonic is generated by electrons with the specific initial crystal momentum. The higher harmonics are primarily contributed by the electrons of larger initial crystal momentum because they possess larger instantaneous energies during the intra-band motion. Particularly, we observe circular interference fringes in the crystal-momentum-resolved harmonics spectrum, which result from the inter-cycle interference of harmonic generation. These circular fringes will disappear if the inter-cycle interference is disrupted by the strong dephasing effect. Our findings can help to better analyze the mechanism of high harmonics in graphene.
Localized ensemble Kalman inversion
Authors: Tong X T , Morzfeld M
Published: April 2023

Ensemble Kalman inversion (EKI) is an adaption of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for the numerical solution of inverse problems. Both EKI and EnKF suffer from the ‘subspace property’, i.e. the EKI and EnKF solutions are linear combinations of the initial ensembles. The subspace property implies that the ensemble size should be larger than the problem dimension to ensure EKI’s convergence to the correct solution. This scaling of ensemble size is impractical and prevents the use of EKI in high-dimensional problems. ‘Localization’ has been used for many years in EnKF to break the subspace property in a way that a localized EnKF can solve high-dimensional problems with a modest ensemble size, independently of the number of unknowns. Here, we study localization of the EKI and demonstrate how a localized EKI (LEKI) can solve high-dimensional inverse problems with a modest ensemble size. Our analysis is mathematically rigorous and applies to the continuous time limit of the EKI. Specifically, we can prove an intended ensemble collapse and convergence guarantees with an ensemble size that is less than the number of unknowns, which sets this work apart from the current state-of-the-art. We illustrate our theory with numerical experiments where some of our mathematical assumptions may only be approximately valid.
Challenges for fluoride superionic conductors: fundamentals, design, and applications
Authors: Takami Tsuyoshi , Pattanathummasid Chanachai , Kutana Alex , Asahi Ryoji
Published: April 2023

Electronics, which harnesses the properties of electrons, has made remarkable progress since its inception and is a cornerstone of modern society. Ionics, which exploits the properties of ions, has also had a profound impact, as demonstrated by the award of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019 for achievements related to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Ionic conduction in solids is the flow of carrier ions through a solid owing to an electrical or chemical bias. Some ionic materials have been studied intensively because their ionic conductivities are higher than those of liquids, even though they are solids. Among various conductive species, fluoride ions are the most promising charge carriers for fluoride-ion batteries (FIBs) as post LIBs. Increasing fluoride-ion conductivity toward the superionic conductive region at room temperature would be a breakthrough for the room-temperature operation of all-solid-state FIBs. This review focuses on fluoride-ion conductors, from the general concept of ions to the characteristics of fluoride ions. Fluoride-ion conductors are classified according to material type and form, and our current understanding, identification of problems, and future directions are discussed from experimental and theoretical physics perspectives.
Transition metal dichalcogenides nanomaterials based piezocatalytic activity: recent progresses and outlook
Authors: Kole Arup Kanti , Karmakar Srikanta , Pramanik Ashim , Kumbhakar Pathik
Published: April 2023

Piezoelectric materials have drawn significant attention from researchers in the recent past as the piezo-potential, induced by applied external stress, generates an electric field, which paves the way for the creation and transfer of electrons and holes. After the theoretical prediction of the existence of the piezoelectric effect in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) semiconductors, intense research efforts have been made by various researchers to demonstrate the effect experimentally. In addition 2D TMDCs exhibit layer-dependent tunable electronic structure, strongly bound excitons, enhanced catalytic activity at their edges, and novel spin/pseudospin degrees of freedom. The edge sites and activated basal planes of 2D TMDCs are shown to be highly active toward catalysis of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, as compared to electrocatalytic or even photocatalytic performances, TMDC materials exhibit poorer piezocatalytic activity, in general. Therefore, a numbers of research strategies have been made to intensify the piezoelectric effect by synthesizing different types of TMDC nanostructures, by coupling the piezoelectric effect with the photocatalytic effect, by doping with other materials, etc. This review discusses various techniques of synthesis of TMDCs nanostructures and the recent progresses in applications of TMDC nanomaterials in piezocatalysis. In the present article, the piezocatalytic dye degradation performances and HER activity using different TMDCs have been reviewed in detail. Different methods of increasing the piezocatalytic activity of various TMDCs nanostructures have been illustrated. Here, it has also been attempted to systematically summarize and provide an outlook of the charge transfer behaviour and catalytic mechanisms in large varieties of TMDC piezocatalysts and piezo-photocatalysts. In addition, advanced applications of TMDC piezocatalytic materials as piezoelectric nanogenerator, piezocatalytic dye degradation, piezo−phototronic dye degradation and HER studies have been highlighted.
Influence of Ag NPs shape and metal oxide shell embedded in the active layer of Si-based hybrid plasmonic solar cells on device efficiency
Authors: Samavati Zahra , Samavati Alireza , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Awang Asmahani , Sazali Ezza Syuhada , Velashjerdi Mohammad , Eisaabadi B
Published: April 2023

In this research, via embedding the plasmonic metallic nanostructure of dome shape Ag coated with MoO3 in the active layer of a hybrid Si solar cell, the device efficiency significantly improved. The effect of Ag nanostructures shape and metal oxide coated material implanted in Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:Poly (styrenesulfonate)/c-Si (PEDOT:PSS) as an active layer of hybrid solar cells (HSC) on improvements of photocurrent was extensively investigated. HSC with an Ag nanodome shape and MoO3 shell showed an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.88 V, an electrical short circuit current density (Jsc) of 38.42 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.82. The energy conversion efficiency was considerably increased from 15.60% for HSC solar cells having nanopyramid Ag with SiO2 shell to 28.02% for nanodome Ag with MoO3 shell. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, photogenerated charge recombination, and incident photon scattering and absorption behavior all contribute to this improvement.
High performance extra-ordinary optical transmission based self-referenced plasmonic metagrating sensor in the NIR communication band
Authors: Verma Sagar Kumar , Srivastava Sachin Kumar
Published: April 2023

Simulation of an extra-ordinary optical transmission based self-referenced, flexible plasmonic metagrating has been reported. The metagrating was optimized to work as a refractive index (RI) sensor with high figure of merit (FOM) for near infra-red (NIR) communication band. The metagrating consists of two metal nanoslit arrays (MNSAs) in a manner that the open portion (groove) of the upper MNSA overlaps with the closed portion (pit) of the lower MNSA and vice versa. The metagrating structure was optimized to support dual plasmonic modes; one of them being sensing mode and the other, self-referenced. Transmission efficiency of 57%, the sensitivity of 1147 nm RIU−1, and FOM of 271/RIU were achieved for the analyte RI range 1.30–1.38. This design of metagrating possesses a stronger coupling of electromagnetic (EM) fields between the constituent MNSAs, which results in higher (almost double) transmission efficiency and FOM as compared to trivial MNSAs. Control simulations were performed to understand the role of various parameters on self-referencing operation, to evaluate the fabrication tolerances, and to estimate the performance at various ambient temperatures. The present study will be useful in development of flexible, low-cost, yet performance-enhanced metagrating sensors, which could easily be integrated on the tip of optical fibers working in the NIR communication window.
Influence of ZnO on the structural, optical, ligand field and antibacterial characteristics of sodium borosilicate glasses containing minor Cr2O3 additions
Authors: Sadeq M S , Elzwawy Amir , El Awady Mohamed E , Hamed Ahmed A , Sedqy E M , Ibrahim S , Baki Manal Abdel
Published: April 2023

In this work, the structural, optical, ligand field, and antibacterial properties of Cr2O3, ZnO and Na2O borosilicate glasses were studied. A glass system of the compositions 70B2O3−14.8 SiO2-(15-x)Na2O-0.2Cr2O3-xZnO, where x = 0, 3, 5 and 7 mol% was prepared via melt-quenching technique. In this study, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra were used to check the amorphous state of the prepared glass specimens. Infrared (IR) spectra were used to study the internal structure of the formed units and groups within the glass matrix. Moreover, the optical absorbance spectra were used to study the optical parameters, such as optical band gap and ligand field parameters. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of the glass samples were investigated against different antibiofilm activities, for example, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The optical studies showed that Eg values increased from 3.06 to 3.62 with further ZnO doping. Furthermore,

10
Dq

values increased and B values decreased with the increase in ZnO content. The 10Dq increased values reflect the increased interactions between the Cr3+ cations and their environments, such as oxygen anions. Further, the decreased values of B refer to the tendency of the bonds of Cr3+ cations and their environments toward the covalent nature. On the other hand, the results showed that the investigated glasses are promising materials owing to high antibacterial activity on a large scale (food covering, wound curing, and surface coatings), especially the glass sample that contains the highest concentrations of ZnO. Furthermore, it demonstrated antioxidant activity using DPPH and H2O2 free radical scavenging activities.
SimBIG: mock challenge for a forward modeling approach to galaxy clustering
Authors: Hahn ChangHoon , Eickenberg Michael , Ho Shirley , Hou Jiamin , Lemos Pablo , Massara Elena , Modi Chirag , Moradinezhad Dizgah Azadeh , Régaldo-Saint Blancard Bruno , Abidi Muntazir M.
Published: April 2023

Simulation-Based Inference of Galaxies (SimBIG) is a forward modeling framework
for analyzing galaxy clustering using simulation-based inference.
In this work, we present the SimBIG forward model, which is designed to match the
observed SDSS-III BOSS CMASS galaxy sample.
The forward model is based on high-resolution Quijote
N-body simulations
and a flexible halo occupation model.
It includes full survey realism and models observational systematics such as
angular masking and fiber collisions.
We present the “mock challenge” for validating the accuracy of
posteriors inferred from SimBIG using a suite of 1,500 test
simulations constructed using forward models with a different N-body simulation,
halo finder, and halo occupation prescription.
As a demonstration of SimBIG, we analyze the power spectrum multipoles out
to k
max = 0.5 h/Mpc and infer the posterior of ΛCDM
cosmological and halo occupation parameters. Based on the mock challenge, we find that our constraints on Ω
m
 
and σ
8 are unbiased, but conservative. Hence, the mock challenge demonstrates that SimBIG provides a robust framework
for inferring cosmological parameters from galaxy clustering on non-linear scales
and a complete framework for handling observational systematics.
In subsequent work, we will use SimBIG to analyze summary statistics beyond
the power spectrum including the bispectrum, marked power spectrum, skew spectrum,
wavelet statistics, and field-level statistics.
Strange magnetars admixed with fermionic dark matter
Authors: Ferreira Osvaldo , Fraga Eduardo S.
Published: April 2023

We discuss strange stars admixed with fermionic dark matter in the presence of a strong magnetic field using the two-fluid Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov equations. We describe strange quark matter using the MIT bag model and consider magnetic fields in the range ∼ 1017 - 1018 G. For the fermionic dark matter, we consider the cases of free particles and strongly self-interacting particles, with dark fermion masses m = 5, 100, 500 GeV. We discuss the effects of dark matter and a strong magnetic field on the masses and radii of the stars, as well as on its tidal deformability. Even though strong magnetic fields contribute to decreasing the total mass of the star, they attenuate the rate of decrease in the maximum mass brought about by increasing the dark matter fraction in the admixed system. The most intensely affected observable, however, is the tidal deformability, with variations on the range of 70%-90% for reasonable values of the magnetic field or dark matter central energy density.
Tunable continuous-wave laser operation of Nd:YAG around 1.3 μm
Authors: Zhu Yifeng , Yu Lintao , Fu Xinhua
Published: April 2023

A tunable continuous-wave (cw) Nd:YAG laser using a birefringent filter (BF) was performed at six different laser wavelengths of 1319, 1334, 1338, 1341, 1353 and 1356 nm based on the 4F3/2–4I13/2 transition. A highest output power of 4.64 W was achieved at an emission wavelength of 1319 nm with a slope efficiency of 29.8% with respect to the absorbed pump power. Moreover, by adjusting the rotation angle of the BF, a cw simultaneous dual-wavelength Nd:YAG laser operating at 1353 and 1356 nm was also demonstrated for the first time. At an absorbed pump power of 17.8 W, the maximum output power obtained at 1353 nm and 1356 nm is 262 mW and 520 mW, respectively.
Experimental determination of differential scattering coefficients for nickel by means of linearly polarized x-ray radiation
Authors: Wählisch André , Wansleben Malte , Weser Jan , Stadelhoff Christian , Holfelder Ina , Kayser Yves , Beckhoff Burkhard
Published: April 2023

Performing an x-ray scattering analysis can underpin the quantitative description of a sample of interest, for example, to complement an x-ray fluorescence analysis. However, the reliability of such an analytical approach depends on good knowledge of scattering coefficients (or scattering cross-sections), which describe the probability of interaction and are characteristic of each chemical element. In this work, a metrological study of experimentally determining differential Rayleigh and Compton scattering coefficients for nickel is presented. Angular scans of the scattering intensities at different positions are enabled by a flexible experimental set-up and, therefore, allow for the robust determination of differential scattering coefficients at a wide range of forward and backward scattering angles. As a result, scattering coefficients in the range from

0.117
(
14
)
×

10

−
3

 cm2 g−1 sr−1 to

33.7
(
39
)
×

10

−
3

 cm2 g−1 sr−1 were determined in the momentum transfer range of 12.1 nm−1 to 22.4 nm−1. In addition, utilizing monochromatized and highly linearly polarized synchrotron radiation (

E
0

=
30

keV

) ensures direct comparability to theoretical databases.
Energetics of a microscopic Feynman ratchet
Authors: Cleuren Bart , Eichhorn Ralf
Published: April 2023

A general formalism is derived describing both dynamical and energetic properties of a microscopic Feynman ratchet. Work and heat flows are given as a series expansion in the thermodynamic forces, obtaining analytical expressions for the (non)linear response coefficients. Our results extend previously obtained expressions in the context of a chiral heat pump.