bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing a breast support device for phase contrast tomographic imaging: getting ready for a clinical trial
Authors: Dimmock Matthew , McKinley Jonathan , Massey Adrian , Hausermann Daniel , Tam Nathan , Stewart Elizabeth , Cowling Cynthia , Sim Jenny , Brennan Patrick C , Gureyev Timur , Taba Seyedamir Tavakoli , Schultz-Ferguson Cindy , Jimenez Yobelli A , Lewis Sarah Jayne
Published: March 2022

Objective

To design a device that can support the breast during phase-contrast tomography, and characterise its fit parameterisation and comfort rating.

Methods

27 participants were recruited to trial a system for breast support during simulated phase contrast imaging, including being positioned on a prone imaging table while wearing the device. Participants underwent a photogrammetry analysis to establish the geometric parameterisations. All participants trialled a single-cup design while 14 participants also trialled a double-cup with suction holder and all completed a series of questionnaires to understand subjective comfort.

Results

Photogrammetry revealed significant positive correlations between bra cup volume and measured prone volume (p < 0.001), and between “best fit” single-cup holder volume and measured prone volume (p < 0.005). Both holders were suitable devices in terms of subjective comfort and immobilisation while stationary. However, some re-engineering to allow for quick, easy fitting in future trials where rotation through the radiation beam will occur is necessary. Light suction was well-tolerated when required.

Conclusion

All participants indicated the table and breast support devices were comfortable, and they would continue in the trial.

Advances in knowledge

Phase contrast tomography is an emerging breast imaging modality and clinical trials are commencing internationally. This paper describes the biomedical engineering designs, in parallel with optimal imaging, that are necessary to measure breast volume so that adequate breast support can be achieved. Breast support devices have implications for comfort, motion correction and maximising breast tissue visualisation.
Comparison of breast density assessments between synthesized C-View™ & intelligent 2D™ mammography
Authors: Khanani Sadia , Xiao Lekui , Jensen Matthew R. , Conners Amy L. , Fazzio Robert T. , Hruska Carrie B. , Winham Stacey , Wu Fang Fang , Scott Christopher G. , Vachon Celine M.
Published: March 2022

Objective

To compare breast density assessments between C-View™ and Intelligent 2D™, different generations of synthesized mammography (SM) from Hologic.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, we identified a subset of females between March 2017 and December 2019 who underwent screening digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with C-View followed by DBT with Intelligent 2D. Clinical Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System breast density was obtained along with volumetric breast density measures (including density grade, breast volume, percentage volumetric density, dense volume) using VolparaTM. Differences in density measures by type of synthesized image were calculated using the pairwise t-test or McNemar’s test, as appropriate.

Results

67 patients (avg age 62.7; range 40–84) were included with an average of 13.3 months between the two exams. No difference was found in Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System density between the SM reconstructions (p = 0.74). Similarly, there was no difference in VolparaTM mean density grade (p = 0.71), mean breast volume (p = 0.48), mean dense volume (p = 0.43) or mean percent volumetric density (p = 0.12) between the exams.

Conclusion

We found no significant differences in clinical and automated breast density assessments between these two versions of SM.

Advances in knowledge

Lack of differences in density estimates between the two SM reconstructions is important as density assignment impacts risk stratification and adjunct screening recommendations.
Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm: an unsuspected cause of haemoptysis in post-COVID fungal infection of the chest
Authors: Kotia Samvid , Adke Shrishail , Badhe Padma Vikram , Rathod Krantikumar
Published: March 2022

Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysm (PAP) is a rare but potentially fatal cause of haemoptysis, which often remains unsuspected by both clinicians and radiologists.

Traditionally, infections like tuberculosis and bacterial endocarditis have been associated with the development of PAPs. However, additional causative factors like trauma, neoplasia, pulmonary hypertension and vasculitis are also to be considered.

With the advent of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), attempts have been undertaken to study its multisystem implications. Also, a strong correlation has also been established between COVID-19 and fungal infestation of the paranasal sinuses and lung parenchyma. Hence, PAP should be suspected in post-COVID patients who develop new-onset haemoptysis or new focal consolidation on imaging.

Imaging investigations like chest radiograph, CT chest, and CT Pulmonary Angiography help in the establishment of a diagnosis and assessment of the relevant anatomy, which aid in the classification of the PAP. Management strategies include endovascular treatment, surgical resection or conservative approach in form of prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Interventional radiological procedures like endovascular embolisation are especially useful in vitally unstable cases of massive haemoptysis who are poor surgical candidates.

Our case highlights the unique presentation of pulmonary arterial pseudoaneurysm induced by a post-COVID-19 fungal infection.
SpaceOAR hydrogel spacer in interstitial brachytherapy for intrapelvic recurrent endometrial cancer
Authors: Takagawa Yoshiaki , Itami Jun
Published: March 2022

Objective:

We report the use of SpaceOAR hydrogel spacer in interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) for a patient with intrapelvic recurrent endometrial cancer (EC).

Methods and materials:

A 59-year-old female patient was diagnosed with intrapelvic recurrence of EC after a definitive surgery. Despite administration of adjuvant chemotherapy, the recurrent tumour in the right para-rectal fossa increased in size. Salvage radiotherapy, including external beam radiotherapy followed by ISBT boost, was planned. We planned to inject SpaceOAR between the tumour and rectum to reduce the rectal dose in ISBT; transrectal ultrasound-guided SpaceOAR injection was performed using needle applicator insertion. This was followed by computed tomography-based image-guided brachytherapy.

Results:

The use of SpaceOAR allowed us to achieved both a higher dose for the clinical target volume and a lower dose for the rectum. Furthermore, no ISBT-related complications or acute toxicities were observed.

Conclusions:

The preliminary results suggest that SpaceOAR could be effective in increasing the efficacy of ISBT for intrapelvic recurrent EC, while reducing the associated complications.
The key features of SARS-CoV-2 leader and NSP1 required for viral escape of NSP1-mediated repression
Authors: Bujanic Lucija , Shevchuk Olga , von Kügelgen Nicolai , Kalinina Anna , Ludwik Katarzyna , Koppstein David , Zerna Nadja , Sickmann Albert , Chekulaeva Marina
Published: March 2022

SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the ongoing global pandemic, must overcome a conundrum faced by all viruses. To achieve its own replication and spread, it simultaneously depends on and subverts cellular mechanisms. At the early stage of infection, SARS-CoV-2 expresses the viral nonstructural protein 1 (NSP1), which inhibits host translation by blocking the mRNA entry tunnel on the ribosome; this interferes with the binding of cellular mRNAs to the ribosome. Viral mRNAs, on the other hand, overcome this blockade. We show that NSP1 enhances expression of mRNAs containing the SARS-CoV-2 leader. The first stem–loop (SL1) in the viral leader is both necessary and sufficient for this enhancement mechanism. Our analysis pinpoints specific residues within SL1 (three cytosine residues at the positions 15, 19, and 20) and another within NSP1 (R124), which are required for viral evasion, and thus might present promising drug targets. We target SL1 with the antisense oligo (ASO) to efficiently and specifically down-regulate SARS-CoV-2 mRNA. Additionally, we carried out analysis of a functional interactome of NSP1 using BioID and identified components of antiviral defense pathways. Our analysis therefore suggests a mechanism by which NSP1 inhibits the expression of host genes while enhancing that of viral RNA. This analysis helps reconcile conflicting reports in the literature regarding the mechanisms by which the virus avoids NSP1 silencing.
LoRaWAN Network Planning at Frequency 920-923 MHz for Electric Smart Meter: Study Case in Indonesia Industrial Estate
Authors:   Telecommunication Engineering Institut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto, Purwokerto 53147, Indonesia, Rahmawati Puspa , Hikmaturokhman Alfin , Ni’amah Khoirun , Nashiruddin Muhammad Imam
Published: March 2022

This paper plans a LoRaWAN network for smart meters in Karawang Industrial Estate, Indonesia's largest industrial estate. To measure and recognize electricity use in a place immediately, we use a tool called a smart meter, which is part of the Internet of Things (IoT), to provide control and optimization of electricity. Smart meters will operate using LoRaWAN network connectivity as a LoRaWAN communication protocol that supports IoT use at a frequency of 920-923 MHz using coverage planning and capacity planning using Forsk Atoll 3.3.2 simulation software. The parameters used in this study are Spreading Factor (SF) 7, Code Rate (CR) 4/5, Bandwidth 125 kHz, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP). We use them to obtain the number of gateways needed to optimize the scope of gateways for sending electricity monitoring data to Karawang Industrial Estate and knowing the value generated from the parameters above. The simulation of LoRaWAN planning resulted in RSRP with a mean of-77.94 dBm and a standard deviation of 8.27 dBm. The SNR result has a mean of 13.14 dB with a standard deviation of 9.68 dB. The last parameter is that throughput ranges of 4-6 kbps with a mean of 5.47 kbps. The result of this planning produces RSRP, SNR, and Throughput parameter values in good condition to be applied to the application of smart metering in Karawang Industrial Estate.
‘Hellenistic’ House in Nea Paphos, Cyprus – A First Summary of Its Architecture
Authors: Brzozowska-Jawornicka Aleksandra
Published: March 2022

This paper presents preliminary observations and analyses of the architecture of the ‘Hellenistic’ House, an ancient residency from Roman times built in Nea Paphos on Cyprus. The House was erected as an extensive edifice around several courtyards of a very interesting architectural frame and rich decoration. Unfortunately, the residence was destroyed by an earthquake and afterwards rebuilt with new edifices, primarily the Villa of Theseus, and as such its remains are in a very poor state. However, the preserved fragments of walls, floors, technical infrastructure as well as pieces of architectural decoration permit the conducting of architectural studies of the residence’s layout, structure and functional arrangement.
In Search of the Module in the Architectural Design of the ‘Hellenistic’ House in Nea Paphos, Cyprus
Authors: Brzozowska-Jawornicka Aleksandra , Kubicka-Sowińska Anna
Published: March 2022

Ancient Graeco-Roman architecture was designed with the application of mathematical harmony as a key compositional principle used in planning the dimensions and proportions of particular elements, larger parts of buildings or whole edifices. Therefore, application of metrology studies based on a cosine quantogram supports architectural analysis leading to an indication of the predominant stylistic influence on any particular building. Such a dual approach helps to establish the origins of the major artistic tradition in architectural design, especially of buildings excavated in a complex multicultural archaeological context. The aim of this paper is to determine the existence and nature of a module in the architectural decoration as well as in the general design of the ‘Hellenistic’ House, a spacious residence in Nea Paphos, Cyprus, erected in Roman times, but according to the artistic Ptolemaic tradition.
A Weight of Seleucia in Pieria in Nea Paphos
Authors: Łajtar Adam
Published: March 2022

Archaeological excavations carried out by a mission from the Jagiellonian University Institute of Archaeology on the site of the agora of Nea Paphos in Cyprus brought to light a lead weight with a Greek inscription giving the year 251 of an era and mentioning an agoranomos with the name Seleukos. On the basis of parallels, the author demonstrates that the weight must have been issued by the North Syrian city of Seleucia in Pieria, and the era used in the inscription is the civic era of Seleucia with the starting point in 109/108 BC, which allows one to date the object to AD 142/143. He argues that the structure where the object was found can tentatively be identified as agoranomeion of Nea Paphos.
Pyla-Vigla: A Case Study Assessing the Imperial Strategies of the Hellenistic Diadochoi in Cyprus
Authors: Olson Brandon R. , Moore R. Scott , Landvatter Thomas , Stephens Justin
Published: March 2022

The aim of the present study is to examine the mechanisms the Diadochoi implemented to gain and maintain control over Cyprus using Pyla-Vigla, a recently discovered fortified garrison, as a case study. Alexander the Great’s successors faced a seemingly insurmountable problem: How does one govern, control, and maintain the largest territorial empire the world had ever seen? Alexander’s imperial strategy was predicated upon maintaining native governing institutions of newly subjugated lands and appointing new leaders. This system could not work for the Diadochoi because without a clear path to succession, a twenty-nine-year period of incessant conflict ensued throughout the Eastern Mediterranean. The surviving successors adopted various strategies to exercise imperial authority over their rivals, which ultimately led to the creation of three ruling Hellenistic dynasties: Ptolemies, Seleucids, and Antigonids. Pyla-Vigla represents one of many such strategies.
Adopting Roman Habits – The Baths in the House of Orpheus in Nea Paphos as a ‘Troublesome’ Case Study?
Authors: Rekowska Monika , Michaelides Demetrios , Christodoulou Skevi , Kaniszewski Jakub
Published: March 2022

The House of Orpheus at Nea Paphos in Cyprus, a multiphase residential complex excavated a few decades ago, is the subject of an on-going study within the framework of a new project. Recently, the bath suite in the north-eastern part of the house was analysed in detail and this has led to a better understanding of the baths’ layout and technology (such as the water management and heating system), features that confirm the adoption of the western/Italian model, while some of the details remained typical of the Eastern Mediterranean.
Adam Józef Potocki (1822-1872)
Authors: Sendor Albert Konrad
Published: March 2022

The dissertation describes the life and activities of the Polish aristocrat Adam Józef Potocki (1822-1872). The research were based here on manuscripts and printed sources, literature, and iconographic materials. The objective of this work is to present a new approach to the figure of this politician from Galicia, and a critical evaluation of his activities, with special consideration given to the scope of his acts and all the initiatives he undertook. The main value of the dissertation is determined by improved knowledge about Adam Potocki’s life and activities, which has provided a new perspective of known historical events through measures taken by this politician. The dissertation can also act as a guideline for researchers dealing with the history of the 19th century. The focus here is to present Adam Józef Potocki against the background of the major events of the 19th century: the transformation of the Habsburg monarchy, and the impact of Polish politicians on such changes. The research has also attempted to capture transformations in the attitude of Adam Potocki, his involvement in state matters, and response to crisis situations. The politician’s characteristics made on the basis of available sources serves to show Potocki’s important role in the nineteenth-century Galicia. The research method applied in the work involved the synthetic and analytic analysis of sources. The query was performed in 20 archives and libraries, both in Poland and abroad, and included: 165 archival sources, 222 printed sources, 3 academic dissertations, 247 elaborations, 5 web documents.
Crímenes de lesa humanidad: obligaciones estatales y Responsabilidad de Proteger
Authors: Pezzano Luciano
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo aborda tres cuestiones relativas al fundamento jurídico de la Responsabilidad de Proteger (RDP) respecto de los crímenes de lesa humanidad (CLH): las obligaciones de los Estados con relación a los CLH respecto de su propia población; las obligaciones de los Estados con relación a los CLH más allá de sus fronteras, tanto respecto de la prevención como de la cooperación; y la consideración de los CLH como amenaza a la paz y seguridad internacionales, así como las competencias de los órganos de las Naciones Unidas al respecto. Con tal fin, se estudia el proyecto de la Comisión de Derecho Internacional sobre la temática a la luz de la RDP, señalando sus aciertos y falencias en este contexto.
Generalizing the Information Systems Artifact
Authors: Thomas Manoj A. , Li Yan , Lee Allen S.
Published: March 2022

Suppose that a successful information systems (IS) artifact is created by a scholar for use in a research study or by a practitioner for use in an organization; how may the IS artifact be replicated in, or generalized to, another setting? The overall utility of the IS artifact depends on a way to generalize it. To provide such a way, we engage in three things. First, we distinguish an information systems artifact from its better-known sibling, the information technology artifact, by noting that the former includes three mutually supportive subsystems: the technology artifact, the social artifact, and the information artifact, where all three need to be designed and developed for the generalized IS artifact to be successful. Second, we devise a procedure to generalize the IS artifact based on a thorough examination of, and analogy to, generalizing scientific theory. Third, we provide a real-world illustration, involving the generalization of an IS artifact from one setting (the “computer on a stick” for educational purposes in Haiti) to another setting (the “continuing medical education on a stick” in Nepal). The generalization procedure can facilitate the production of working design science artifacts in more than just the original setting.
The Development Of Character Achievement Test For Islamic University Students
Authors: Diponegoro Ahmad Muhammad , Yuzarion Yuzarion , Widiarti Widiarti
Published: March 2022

This study aims to develop an instrument that has never been created before, the statistically good character test. The instrument can be used to measure the character of Muslim students at the level of competence in knowledge, comprehension, and application. The test development applies a modified 4D model procedure into three stages, define, design, and develop. The reliability of the test was obtained based on the level of reliability, the level of difficulty of the questions, the discriminatory power, and the effectiveness of alternative distractors. The research was conducted in 2021 with a total of 50 students. The results of the study (1) reliability coefficient (α) 0.938, (2) the average item difficulty level (p) 0.643, (3) the average discriminatory power index (rpbis) was 0.522, (4) the alternative distractors were categorized as effective (50%) and ineffective (50%). Based on these findings, it shows that cognitive test devices are feasible to use and can be used to determine the character of Muslim students.
Analysis Of Scientific Article Writing Ability
Authors: Mulia Al-Amien Muhammad , Hidayati Dian , Haryadi Didit
Published: March 2022

As an educator, it is necessary to have the ability to write scientific articles; as a writer, educators should understand various techniques before writing a scientific article. The author  aims to analyze 1) The ability to understand article writing 2) The ability to find research problems 3) The ability to know the types of research 4) The ability to understand research methods 5) The ability to master writing techniques 6) the ability to use excellent and correct language. This research approach is descriptive qualitative. Sources of data are teachers and lecturers. The data collection technique in this research is a test. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that the ability to write articles for teachers and lecturers was quite good; this was indicated by the respondents' answers stating 1) aspects of the ability to understand article writing with an average of 59.10% 2) aspects of finding problems in articles with an average of 60.6% 3) aspects of the ability to know the types of research with an average of 58.6% 4) aspects of understanding research methods with an average of 60.10% 5) aspects of mastery of writing techniques 53.0% and 6) aspects of using good and correct language with an average of 56.10%
Pembelajaran IPA Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19 Untuk Tingkat SD/MI
Authors: Sufiyanto Mohammad Imam , Yasin Roychan , Roviandri Roviandri
Published: March 2022

Virus merupakan sesuatu yang tidak terlihat yang menjadi musuh bagi manusia, akhir-akhir ini kita dihadapi dengan sebuah virus yang amat membahayakan bagi manusia di berbagai negara yang ada di seluruh dunia.Virus tersebut adalah Virus Corona.Virus Corona atau Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) adalah virus yang menyerang sistem pernapasan.Penyakit karena infeksi virus ini disebut COVID-19. Virus corona bisa menyebabkan gangguan pada sistem pernapasan, pneumonia akut, sampai kematian.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) yang lebih dikenal dengan nama virus Corona adalah jenis baru dari coronavirus yang menular ke manusia baik lewat pernafasan, dan juga dapat melalui sentuhan anggota badan yang umumnya adalah tangan. Virus ini bisa menyarang siapa saja tanpa menganal batas usia dan kelamin, baik itu lansia, orang tua, remaja, anak-anak, baik itu laki-laki ataupun perempuan dapat terjangkit virus Corona tersebut.Inveksi virus ini disebut COVID-19 dan pertama kali ditemukan di kota Wuhan, Cina, pada akhir Desember 2019. Virus ini menular dengan amat begitu cepat kenegara-negara yang berada di seluruh dunia termasuk Negara Indonesia.hal tersebut mengakibatkan lumpuhnya semua aktivitas yang ada diberbagai dunia khususnya di Indonesia, Pandemi COVID-19 ini berakibat pada sistem pembelajaran diseluruh jenjang pendidikan khususnya untuk tingkat SD/MI.
Development and evaluation of the TRIGGER score to identify patients with acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department
Authors: Gunter Bob , Spragg Charlotte , Kwok Chun Shing
Published: March 2022

Background/aims

Acute coronary syndrome is a serious possible cause of chest pain, but detection rates at initial triage are low. This study evaluated the TRIGGER score as a tool for identifying patients with acute coronary syndrome who present to the emergency department with chest pain.

Methods

Data from 100 patients who presented to the emergency department with chest pain in February 2019 (before implementation of the TRIGGER score) were compared to 100 patients who presented in February 2020 (after implementation of the TRIGGER score). The proportion of patients with a final diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome was calculated and the predictive value of the TRIGGER score for acute coronary syndrome was evaluated.

Results

The majority of patients with a TRIGGER score of 9 or higher (actioning urgent referral) were found to have acute coronary syndrome or another cardiac condition. Overall, 50% of patients with a score of 10, 67% of patients with a score of 11 and 75% of patients with a score over 11 were found to have acute coronary syndrome. Overall, the TRIGGER score had 84.0% sensitivity and 81.7% specificity for acute coronary syndrome. The score was also associated with a decrease in average time to specialist review from 225 minutes to 112 minutes. Challenges associated with the tool included misclassification and increased workload.

Conclusions

The TRIGGER score is a useful tool for the rapid identification and referral of patients presenting with chest pain who have a high likelihood of acute coronary syndrome.
Secondary Metabolites Screening, in Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Marine Red Alga Botryocladia Leptopoda (J.Agardh) Kylin
Authors: Suthan P Suthan P , Maleeswaran p Selva
Published: March 2022

Today, seaweed has become essential to medicine due to its ability to treat disease-afflicted cells without majorly influencing healthy cells and tissues. This study included a phytochemical analysis, in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of all the extracts of Botryocladia leptopoda. Also, analyse the cytotoxicity and glucose absorption activity of the ethanolic extract of B. leptopoda using 3T3 cell line through MTT assay. The extraction of secondary metabolites from B. leptopoda using various solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water) resulted in alkaloids, Phenol and Flavonoids. The ethanolic extract of B. leptopoda showed the best in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity compared with all the experimented extracts. Ethanolic extract exhibited no cytotoxicity and improved glucose absorption. This study has revealed that marine red alga B. leptopoda showed noticeable in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic activities and no toxic effect toward normal cells. We suggested to carry out the antidiabetic activity through in vivo investigations on Botryocladia leptopoda (J.Agardh) Kylin.
Anti-metal Deteriorating and Antiviral Potency of a Novel Polynuclear Schiff base Derived from Anthrone
Authors: Shanmughan Shaju Kanimangalath , Krishnakutty Bindu Thozhuthumparambil , Raphael Vinod Palayoor , Kakkasery Joby Thomas
Published: March 2022

The versatile behavior of many Schiff bases is due to the presence of the azomethine group. In this work, we synthesized a novel polynuclear Schiff base [ANHIS] derived from anthrone and histidine, characterized using spectroscopic tools, and evaluated its anti-corrosion and anti-viral potencies. Conventional weight-loss method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopic investigation (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization studies (Tafel), adsorption studies, and quantum chemical calculations were used to investigate the anticorrosion behavior. The result showed that the Schiff base interacted with the surface metal atoms and provides good protection to the carbon steel surface against corrosion in an acid medium. A mixed-type inhibitor action of ANHIS was discovered by Tafel plot analysis. A plausible mechanism of inhibition action is also anticipated. SEM analyses were carried out to explore the surface characteristics of the metal in the absence and presence of ANHIS. Drug likeness and ADMET properties of ANHIS were screened using online web servers. The preliminary IN SILICO pharmacokinetics and medicinal chemistry studies revealed that the molecule shows a very good drug-like property. The toxicity studies predict that it has less or no toxic behavior (carcinogenic in mice and non-carcinogenic in rats). The antiviral activity of the molecule was investigated on SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19 virus) using Autodock software. Docking studies showed that the polynuclear molecule ANHIS possessed hydrogen bonding, aromatic and hydrophobic interactions with the binding site of the main receptor of the COVID-19 virus. The docking score is comparable with the score value of anti- HIV drugs such as lopinavir and indinavir.
Characterization of Ligand N'-[(1E)-1-phenylethylidene]-1, 3-benzothiazole-2-carbohydrazide by using Marvin Sketch 20.8 Software
Authors: K. Laxmi K. Laxmi
Published: March 2022

Marvin Sketch is the fast and accurate software used for drawing of chemical compounds and reactions. This software also provide guidance and is integrated with calculators for obtaining the suitable results of properties. Marvin sketch 20.8 software is well equipped with advanced chemical viewer for studying the chemical structures both single and multiple 2D/3D, as well as chemical reactions and its related data. It can display all the details, like molecule name, generated IUPAC name and SMILES strings of molecules. With the help of Marvin Sketch 20.8 software the compound N'-[(1E)-1-phenylethylidene]-1,3-benzothiazole-2-carbohydrazide(PEBTH) is characterized and all its properties were determined.
Synthesis of Pyrazole Compounds by Using Sonication Method
Authors: Kumdale Prashant Ganpatrao , Shitole Nana Vikram
Published: March 2022

A simple method for the synthesis of pyrazoles derivatives carried out by cyclization of cyanide with hydrazine hydrate by using sonication method. All the prepared compounds were characterized by 1H,13C NMR and IR Spectroscopy.
Second victim
Authors: Wheeler Robert
Published: March 2022

Our legal columnist looks at the knock-on effects of accidents on those closest to the victim, and the lasting effects these can have.
Mr Slop and the glass half empty
Authors: Slop MR
Published: March 2022

Our resident scribe struggles to see the bright side while weathering storm Omicron.
Assisted dying policy review
Authors: Langley Tamora
Published: March 2022

Our political editor discusses the College's review of our assisted dying policy, and the reasoning behind it.
Assessment of pozzolanic material for manufacturing of Portland Pozzolana cement (PPC) by the comparison of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)
Authors: Khan Adnan
Published: March 2022

In the present study physicochemical characterization of slate sample was carried out which was collected from slate mine in Lasbela District, Baluchistan. Slate was evaluated for its effectiveness as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the production of Portland Pozzolana cement (PPC). The grain size analysis of crushed slate sample using ball mill revealed that maximum fraction retained on 44 μm was about 72.8 %. Sum of the major oxides (SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3) is about 90.09 % that meet the requirement as per ASTM C 618 (minimum 70.0 %). Other oxides including SO3 (<0.05), CaO (4.04), MgO (1.66), K2O (0.10), Na2O (0.16), TiO2 (0.35), MnO (<0.02) and Cl (0.12) also meet the international standard of ASTM C 618 for PPC. OPC without and with using slate sample in a ratio of 5 % and 10 % with clinker was tested to measure compressive strength, physical tests and setting time. The results showed that after 5 % and 10 % replacement, insignificant effect was observed on the physical properties, setting time and compressive strength in 2-, 7- and 28-days curing. Hence, slate can be used as natural pozzolan for manufacturing PPC. It is cost effective for the production of cement as well as to sustain the resources of limestone for long time and reducing emission of CO2 in the environment. It can also be used in the sulfate rich environment, coastal areas especially for the construction of dams and bridges.
Long-term Chikungunya sequelae and quality of life 2.5 years post-acute disease in a prospective cohort in Curaçao
Authors: Doran Churnalisa , Elsinga Jelte , Fokkema Ante , Berenschot Kevin , Gerstenbluth Izzy , Duits Ashley , Lourents Norediz , Halabi Yaskara , Burgerhof Johannes , Bailey Ajay , Tami Adriana
Published: March 2022

Background

Little is known about the persistence and impact of non-rheumatic symptoms after acute chikungunya disease. We have studied the clinical presentation and long-term impact of rheumatic and non-rheumatic symptoms on health related quality of life (QoL) 2.5 years after disease onset. Additionally, the validity of the Curaçao Long-Term Chikungunya Sequelae (CLTCS) score in classifying disease severity over time was evaluated.

Methodology/Principal findings

This prospective cohort study followed 248 chikungunya patients. Symptoms and SF-36 QoL were evaluated during baseline and follow-up at 2.5 years using questionnaires. Chikungunya disease status was classified using the CLTCS-score. At 2.5 years after disease onset patients were classified as being recovered (43%), mildly (35%) or highly (22%) affected. In comparison to mildly affected, highly affected patients reported the highest prevalence of ongoing rheumatic and non-rheumatic/psychological symptoms, with increased prevalence of arthralgia in the lower extremities (p = .01) and fatigue (p = .049) over time, and higher pain intensity (p < .001). Compared to mildly affected, being highly affected was associated with weakness in the lower extremities (OR: 1.90; CI: 1.29–2.80, p = .001) and worsened physical and mental QoL impairment.

Conclusions

Patients are both physically and psychologically affected by rheumatic and non-rheumatic symptoms of long-term chikungunya disease.

The CLTCS-score is an easy to use instrument for classifying long-term chikungunya disease severity and impact and can facilitate health care providers in identifying highly affected patients who are prone to develop severe QoL impairment. Highly affected patients are recommended to be treated in a multidisciplinary setting to improve physical and psychological functioning, and QoL.
Community leaders’ perceptions of and responses to intimate partner violence in Northwestern Ghana
Authors: Dery Isaac , Akurugu Constance A. , Baataar Cuthbert
Published: March 2022

Calls to engage community leaders in preventing gender-based violence against women have gained global prominence in recent years. Situated within the growing calls for greater community leaders’ engagement, this article problematizes the assumptions that efforts to mobilize community gatekeepers in violence prevention are likely to yield better results. Drawing inspiration from decolonial African feminist perspectives coupled with five focus group discussions conducted with 30 community leaders in the patriarchal setting of Northwestern Ghana, this article highlights the potential limitations of these assumptions by paying attention to the multiple ways; albeit subtly, in which community leaders as cultural gatekeepers may individually or collectively reproduce and sustain dominant cultural tropes that normalize violence against women. Our findings show that cultural gatekeepers’ perspectives on and their approaches to addressing violence against women risk normalizing and perpetuating it. If policy makers, development practitioners, and researchers are to adequately address the violence of men, a useful starting point is to build on community leaders’ perspectives, attitudes, and responses to violence as a collective issue. By building on these, we will be able to challenge and deconstruct the multiple ways in which community leaders’ approaches to addressing violence are reinforcing gendered subordination.
Hypoxia-induced interstitial transformation of microvascular endothelial cells by mediating HIF-1α/VEGF signaling in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Mao Jing , Liu Jiexiong , Zhou Mei , Wang Guiqiang , Xiong Xia , Deng Yongqiong
Published: March 2022

Objective

The aim of this research was to systematically investigate the effects of endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) induced by hypoxia on the skin microvascular remodeling of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and the underlying mechanism.

Methods

Skin tissues from SSc patients and controls were collected for isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomics and immunohistochemical test. Human microvascular endothelial cell line-1 (HMEC-1) cultured in hypoxic or normal conditions was treated by tamoxifen or bevacizumab.

Results

The iTRAQ-based proteomics indicated a significantly upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signal in SSc samples. The immunohistochemical results demonstrated the significant downregulation of CD31, the positive staining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), HIF-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-a) in SSc skin tissues, compared with control samples. Consistent with these observations, HMEC-1 cells cultured under hypoxic conditions exhibited a significant decrease in CD31 and VE-cadherin expression, alongside a marked increase in the expression of α-SMA and fibronectin, as well as a distinct upregulation of HIF-1α and VEGF-a, when compared with those under normal conditions. It is noteworthy that the inhibition of HIF-1α by tamoxifen effectively downregulated the hypoxic induction of VEGF-a and α-SMA while rescuing the hypoxic suppression of CD31. In addition, the VEGF-a inhibitor bevacizumab treatment had the same effect on the hypoxic expression of α-SMA and CD31, as a tamoxifen intervention, but did not reduce HIF-1α.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway can have a critical role in mediating the effect of hypoxia-induced EndMT on the skin microvascular remodeling of SSc.
Laminin N-terminus α31 is upregulated in invasive ductal breast cancer and changes the mode of tumour invasion
Authors: Troughton Lee D. , O’Loughlin Danielle A. , Zech Tobias , Hamill Kevin J.
Published: March 2022

Laminin N-terminus α31 (LaNt α31) is an alternative splice isoform derived from the laminin α3 gene. The LaNt α31 protein is enriched around the terminal duct lobular units in normal breast tissue. In the skin and cornea the protein influences epithelial cell migration and tissue remodelling. However, LaNt α31 has never been investigated in a tumour environment. Here we analysed LaNt α31 in invasive ductal carcinoma and determined its contribution to breast carcinoma invasion. LaNt α31 expression and distribution were analysed by immunohistochemistry in human breast tissue biopsy sections and tissue microarrays covering 232 breast cancer samples. This analysis revealed LaNt α31 to be upregulated in 56% of invasive ductal carcinoma specimens compared with matched normal tissue, and further increased in nodal metastasis compared with the tumour mass in 45% of samples. 65.8% of triple negative cases displayed medium to high LaNt α31 expression. To study LaNt α31 function, an adenoviral system was used to induce expression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. 2D cell migration and invasion into collagen hydrogels were not significantly different between LaNt α31 overexpressing cells and control treated cells. However, LaNt α31 overexpression reduced the proliferation rate of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, LaNt α31 overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells displayed a striking change in their mode of invasion into laminin-containing Matrigel; changing from multicellular streaming to individual cellular-invasion. In agreement with these results, 66.7% of the tumours with the highest LaNt α31 expression were non-cohesive. Together these findings indicate that breast cancer-associated changes in LaNt α31 expression could contribute to the processes involved in tumour invasion and may represent a new therapeutic target.
Directed invasion of cancer cell spheroids inside 3D collagen matrices oriented by microfluidic flow in experiment and simulation
Authors: Geiger Florian , Schnitzler Lukas G. , Brugger Manuel S. , Westerhausen Christoph , Engelke Hanna
Published: March 2022

Invasion is strongly influenced by the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix. Here, we use microfluidics to align fibers of a collagen matrix and study the influence of fiber orientation on invasion from a cancer cell spheroid. The microfluidic setup allows for highly oriented collagen fibers of tangential and radial orientation with respect to the spheroid, which can be described by finite element simulations. In invasion experiments, we observe a strong bias of invasion towards radial as compared to tangential fiber orientation. Simulations of the invasive behavior with a Brownian diffusion model suggest complete blockage of migration perpendicularly to fibers allowing for migration exclusively along fibers. This slows invasion toward areas with tangentially oriented fibers down, but does not prevent it.
Diversity and complexity of the cavotricuspid isthmus in rabbits: A novel scheme for classification and geometrical transformation of anatomical structures
Authors: Arnold Robert , Hofer Ernst , Haas Josef , Sanchez-Quintana Damian , Plank Gernot
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) in detail and introduce a comprehensive scheme to describe the topology of this region based on functional considerations. This may lead to a better understanding of isthmus-dependent flutter and fibrillation and to improved intervention strategies. We used images of the cavotricuspid isthmus from 52 rabbits of both sexes with a median weight of 3.40 ± 0.93 kg. The area of the CTI was 124.25 ± 42.14 mm2 with 53.28 ± 21.13 mm2 covered by pectinate muscles connecting the terminal crest and the vestibule. Isthmus length decreased from inferolateral (13.09 ±2.14 mm) to central (9.85 ± 2.14 mm) to paraseptal (4.88 ± 1.96 mm) resembling the overall human geometry. Ramification sites of pectinate muscles were identified and six levels dividing the CTI from posterior to anterior were introduced. This allowed the classification of pectinate muscle segments based on the connected ramification level. To account for the high inter-individual variations in size and shape, the CTI was projected onto a normalized reference frame using bilinear transformation. Furthermore, two measures of complexity were introduced: (i) the ramification index, which reflects the total number of muscle segments connected to a ramification site and (ii) the complexity index, which reflects the type of ramification (branching or merging site). Topological analysis showed that the complexity of the pectinate muscle network decreases from inferolateral to paraseptal and that the number of electrically uncoupled parallel pathways increases in the central section between the terminal crest and the vestibule which introduces potential reentry pathways.
Evaluation of the adverse events following immunization surveillance system, Ghana, 2019
Authors: Laryea Eunice Baiden , Frimpong Joseph Asamoah , Noora Charles Lwanga , Tengey John , Bandoh Delia , Sabblah George , Ameme Donne , Kenu Ernest , Amponsa-Achiano Kwame
Published: March 2022

Background

With over 80% of children worldwide vaccinated, concerns about vaccine safety continues to be a public health issue. Ghana’s Adverse Events Following Immunization surveillance started in 1978 with the objective to promptly detect and manage AEFI cases either real or perceived. Periodic evaluation of the surveillance system is critical for optimal performance; hence we evaluated the system to assess its attributes, usefulness and system’s performance in meeting its objectives.

Methods

A case of AEFI was defined as any untoward medical event occurring within 28 days after vaccination and may not necessarily have causal relationship with the vaccine use. We reviewed surveillance data and procedures for the period 2014 to 2018 and interviewed key stakeholders. Adapting the CDC’s Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems, we assessed the system’s attributes and usefulness. We performed summary descriptive statistics on quantitative data and directed content analysis on information gathered from interviews.

Results

In all, 2,282 AEFI cases including 476 (21%) serious cases (life threatening events) were reported for the period. The highest case detection rates of 61.45 AEFIs per 100,000 surviving infants was recorded in 2018. Reporting forms were modified to accommodate new indicators without any disruption in the function of the system. At the national level, completeness of 100 randomly sampled reporting forms (100%) and was higher than the region (27%) but timeliness (50%) was lower than the region (83%). All (16/16) Community Health Nurses interviewed indicated “fear of being victimized” as the reason for underreporting, nonetheless, the system was useful as it made them cautious when vaccinating children to prevent reactions. Data on AEFI surveillance was also useful in guiding training needs and provision of vaccination logistics.

Conclusion

The AEFI surveillance system is useful at all levels but partially meeting its objective due to underreporting. We recommend training and supportive supervision to improve timeliness of reporting, data completeness and acceptability.
Evaluating systemic innovation and transition programmes: Towards a culture of learning
Authors: Janssen Matthijs J. , Bergek Anna , Wesseling Joeri H.
Published: March 2022

Innovation systems and transitions thinking have become increasingly pervasive in what has been labelled a third generation of challenge-led innovation and transitions policy programmes. Although this upsurge is cause for celebration, we argue that the challenge now lies in developing the evaluation methods that allow for the assessment of strong and weak programmes, to foster a culture of learning and to maintain momentum. Therefore, in this brief review, we take stock of existing approaches and identify 6 tentative categories of evaluations, which we map out on the axis of formative and summative evaluation. Combining summative evaluations with more frequent formative evaluations may create the environment for rapid learning and policy adaptation necessary to prevent the current rise of systemic innovation and transition programmes from being short lived.
Towards new conceptions of multicultural identity in intercultural communication
Authors: Kim Min-Sun
Published: March 2022

As people struggle to come to terms with cultural pluralism, there is growing recognition of bicultural or multicultural persons and their potential communication patterns. Prior conceptualizations of multicultural identity focused on the idea that people can blend multiple cultures
in their minds or switch between representations of cultures as ways to be good towards the Other. This approach may sound sensible, but there is the inescapable injustice embedded in any formulation of the other, and not only the Other but also the other of the Other. The very openness of
a genuinely multicultural identity precludes the establishment of such things as ethnic, racial or cultural ‘identities’. The fundamental propositions of this article are that (1) multicultural identity can be seen as different ways of being in the world, which is a facet of enlightened
experience by coming into being of ‘intuitive intelligence’ that ‘self/personhood/identity’ is an illusion; (2) the acquisition of multicultural identity is a natural process of human growth, one that does involve a radical shift of personal perspectives, maturation
of vision. Ultimately, I suggest a radical rethinking and reversal of the essentialist view of multicultural identity and present multicultural identity as an awareness event transcending one’s cultural identity. It is time for a paradigm shift.
On how to feel think in movement: A short introduction: Contemplating ecological belonging in somatic practice1
Authors: Dako Anna
Published: March 2022

In this article, I present a brief introduction to somatic practice of felt thinking in movement, as a contemplative practice for ecological belonging. Accompanied by illustrations, coming from my personal practice, the text introduces the reader to three phases of experiential immersion and presents felt thinking as an inclusive method of embodied re-connection with the natural world. Through the lens of embryological development and dynamic activity patterns observable in movement, it also elaborates on different realities of time/space experience. Finally, alongside the first-person narratives, as examples of outdoor practice, I also introduce some major references to the theoretical framework of the work and underline the importance of an ontological principle of movement as relational, thus infused with meaning and care, which can be accessed and practised in felt thinking starting with gentle attention to the movement of the breath.