bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of the transcription factor PU.1 induces the generation of microglia-like cells in human cortical organoids
Authors: Cakir Bilal , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Kiral Ferdi Ridvan , Xiang Yangfei , Dagliyan Onur , Wang Juan , Lee Maria , Greaney Allison M. , Yang Woo Sub , duBoulay Catherine , Kural Mehmet Hamdi , Patterson Benjamin , Zhong Mei , Kim Jonghun , Bai Yalai , Min Wang , Niklason Laura E. , Patra Prabir , Park In-Hyun
Published: January 2022

Microglia play a role in the emergence and preservation of a healthy brain microenvironment. Dysfunction of microglia has been associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Investigating the function of human microglia in health and disease has been challenging due to the limited models of the human brain available. Here, we develop a method to generate functional microglia in human cortical organoids (hCOs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We apply this system to study the role of microglia during inflammation induced by amyloid-β (Aβ). The overexpression of the myeloid-specific transcription factor PU.1 generates microglia-like cells in hCOs, producing mhCOs (microglia-containing hCOs), that we engraft in the mouse brain. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals that mhCOs acquire a microglia cell cluster with an intact complement and chemokine system. Functionally, microglia in mhCOs protect parenchyma from cellular and molecular damage caused by Aβ. Furthermore, in mhCOs, we observed reduced expression of Aβ-induced expression of genes associated with apoptosis, ferroptosis, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) stage III. Finally, we assess the function of AD-associated genes highly expressed in microglia in response to Aβ using pooled CRISPRi coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing in mhCOs. In summary, we provide a protocol to generate mhCOs that can be used in fundamental and translational studies as a model to investigate the role of microglia in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
Neuroanatomy in a middle Cambrian mollisoniid and the ancestral nervous system organization of chelicerates
Authors: Ortega-Hernández Javier , Lerosey-Aubril Rudy , Losso Sarah R. , Weaver James C.
Published: January 2022

Recent years have witnessed a steady increase in reports of fossilized nervous tissues among Cambrian total-group euarthropods, which allow reconstructing the early evolutionary history of these animals. Here, we describe the central nervous system of the stem-group chelicerate Mollisonia symmetrica from the mid-Cambrian Burgess Shale. The fossilized neurological anatomy of M. symmetrica includes optic nerves connected to a pair of lateral eyes, a putative condensed cephalic synganglion, and a metameric ventral nerve cord. Each trunk tergite is associated with a condensed ganglion bearing lateral segmental nerves, and linked by longitudinal connectives. The nervous system is preserved as reflective carbonaceous films underneath the phosphatized digestive tract. Our results suggest that M. symmetrica illustrates the ancestral organization of stem-group Chelicerata before the evolution of the derived neuroanatomical characters observed in Cambrian megacheirans and extant representatives. Our findings reveal a conflict between the phylogenetic signals provided by neuroanatomical and appendicular data, which we interpret as evidence of mosaic evolution in the chelicerate stem-lineage.
Multimorbidity and adverse events of special interest associated with Covid-19 vaccines in Hong Kong
Authors: Lai Francisco Tsz Tsun , Huang Lei , Chui Celine Sze Ling , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Li Xue , Wong Carlos King Ho , Chan Edward Wai Wa , Ma Tiantian , Lum Dawn Hei , Leung Janice Ching Nam , Luo Hao , Chan Esther Wai Yin , Wong Ian Chi Kei
Published: January 2022

Prior research using electronic health records for Covid-19 vaccine safety monitoring typically focuses on specific disease groups and excludes individuals with multimorbidity, defined as ≥2 chronic conditions. We examine the potential additional risk of adverse events 28 days after the first dose of CoronaVac or Comirnaty imposed by multimorbidity. Using a territory-wide public healthcare database with population-based vaccination records in Hong Kong, we analyze a retrospective cohort of patients with chronic conditions. Thirty adverse events of special interest according to the World Health Organization are examined. In total, 883,416 patients are included and 2,807 (0.3%) develop adverse events. Results suggest vaccinated patients have lower risks of adverse events than unvaccinated individuals, multimorbidity is associated with increased risks regardless of vaccination, and the association of vaccination with adverse events is not modified by multimorbidity. To conclude, we find no evidence that multimorbidity imposes extra risks of adverse events following Covid-19 vaccination.
Stereoselective hydrogen atom transfer to acyclic radicals: a switch enabling diastereodivergent borylative radical cascades
Authors: Ye Tian , Zhang Feng-Lian , Xia Hui-Min , Zhou Xi , Yu Zhi-Xiang , Wang Yi-Feng
Published: January 2022

Radical cascade reactions are powerful tools to construct structurally complex molecules. However, the stereochemical control of acyclic radical intermediates remains a persistent challenge, due to the low differentiation between the two faces of these species. This hurdle further makes stereodivergent synthesis rather more difficult to be accomplished, in particular for intermediates resulted from complex cascades. Here we report an efficient strategy for stereoselective hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to acyclic carbon radicals, which are generated via N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-boryl radicals triggered addition-translocation-cyclization cascades. A synergistic control by the NHC subunit and a thiol catalyst has proved effective for one facial HAT, while a ZnI2-chelation protocol allows for the preferential reaction to the opposite face. Such a stereoselectivity switch enables diastereodivergent construction of heterocycles tethering a boron-substituted stereocenter. Mechanistic studies suggest two complementary ways to tune HAT diastereoselectivity. The stereospecific conversions of the resulting boron-handled products to diverse functionalized molecules are demonstrated.
Stabilization of intermediate spin states in mixed-valent diiron dichalcogenide complexes
Authors: Henthorn Justin T. , Cutsail George E. , Weyhermüller Thomas , DeBeer Serena
Published: January 2022

The electronic structure and ground spin states, S, observed for mixed-valent iron–sulfur dimers (FeII-FeIII) are typically determined by the Heisenberg exchange interaction, J, that couples the magnetic interaction of the two metal centres either ferromagnetically (J > 0, S = 9/2) or antiferromagnetically (J < 0, S = 1/2). In the case of antiferromagnetically coupled iron centres, stabilization of the high-spin S = 9/2 ground state is also feasible through a Heisenberg double-exchange interaction, B, which lifts the degeneracy of the Heisenberg spin states. This theorem also predicts intermediate spin states for mixed-valent dimers, but those have so far remained elusive. Herein, we describe the structural, electron paramagnetic resonance and Mössbauer spectroscopic, and magnetic characterization of a series of mixed-valent complexes featuring [Fe2Q2]+ (Q = S2–, Se2–, Te2–), where the Se and Te complexes favour S = 3/2 spin states. The incorporation of heavier chalcogenides in this series reveals a delicate balance of antiferromagnetic coupling, Heisenberg double-exchange and vibronic coupling.
A synthetic population dataset for estimating small area health and socio-economic outcomes in Great Britain
Authors: Wu Guoqiang , Heppenstall Alison , Meier Petra , Purshouse Robin , Lomax Nik
Published: January 2022

In order to understand the health outcomes for distinct sub-groups of the population or across different geographies, it is advantageous to be able to build bespoke groupings from individual level data. Individuals possess distinct characteristics, exhibit distinct behaviours and accumulate their own unique history of exposure or experiences. However, in most disciplines, not least public health, there is a lack of individual level data available outside of secure settings, especially covering large portions of the population. This paper provides detail on the creation of a synthetic micro dataset for individuals in Great Britain who have detailed attributes which can be used to model a wide range of health and other outcomes. These attributes are constructed from a range of sources including the United Kingdom Census, survey and administrative datasets. It provides a rationale for the need for this synthetic population, discusses methods for creating this dataset and provides some example results of different attribute distributions for distinct sub-population groups and over different geographical areas.
Survival benefit with adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III microsatellite-high/deficient mismatch repair colon cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tomasello Gianluca , Ghidini Michele , Galassi Barbara , Grossi Francesco , Luciani Andrea , Petrelli Fausto
Published: January 2022

Clinical observations have demonstrated that microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and/or deficient MMR (dMMR) status are associated with favorable prognosis and no benefit from 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with resected stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). This study represents a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the predictive role of MSI-H status in stage III CRC undergoing or not adjuvant chemotherapy. Published articles that evaluated the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in resected stage III CRC from inception to September 2020 were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. The random-effects model was conducted to estimate the pooled effect size of OS and DFS. The primary outcome of interest was OS. 21,590 patients with MSI-H/dMMR stage III CRC, from n = 17 retrospective studies, were analyzed. Overall, OS was improved with any adjuvant chemotherapy vs. any control arm (single-agent 5-FU or surgery alone): HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.26–0.66; P < 0.01. Conversely, DFS was not significantly improved (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.45–1.09; P = 0.11). In patients with stage III MSI-H/dMMR CRC, adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with a significant OS improvement. Thus, MSI-H/dMMR status does represent a predictive factor for postoperative chemotherapy benefit in stage III CRC beyond its prognostic role.
Using Cryo-ET to distinguish platelets during pre-acute myeloid leukemia from steady state hematopoiesis
Authors: Wang Yuewei , Huo Tong , Tseng Yu-Jung , Dang Lan , Yu Zhili , Yu Wenjuan , Foulks Zachary , Murdaugh Rebecca L. , Ludtke Steven J. , Nakada Daisuke , Wang Zhao
Published: January 2022

Early diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the pre-leukemic stage remains a clinical challenge, as pre-leukemic patients show no symptoms, lacking any known morphological or numerical abnormalities in blood cells. Here, we demonstrate that platelets with structurally abnormal mitochondria emerge at the pre-leukemic phase of AML, preceding detectable changes in blood cell counts or detection of leukemic blasts in blood. We visualized frozen-hydrated platelets from mice at different time points during AML development in situ using electron cryo-tomography (cryo-ET) and identified intracellular organelles through an unbiased semi-automatic process followed by quantitative measurement. A large proportion of platelets exhibited changes in the overall shape and depletion of organelles in AML. Notably, 23% of platelets in pre-leukemic cells exhibit abnormal, round mitochondria with unfolded cristae, accompanied by a significant drop in ATP levels and altered expression of metabolism-related gene signatures. Our study demonstrates that detectable structural changes in pre-leukemic platelets may serve as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of AML.
Phosphodiesterase 4D promotes angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice via smooth muscle cell contraction
Authors: Fan Tianfei , Hou Yangfeng , Ge Weipeng , Fan Tianhui , Feng Xiaohang , Guo Wenjun , Song Xiaomin , Gao Ran , Wang Jing
Published: January 2022

Hypertension is a common chronic disease, which leads to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, and its prevalence is increasing. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway participates in multiple cardiovascular diseases. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 has been shown to regulate PKA activity via cAMP specific hydrolysis. However, whether PDE4-cAMP-PKA pathway influences hypertension remains unknown. Herein, we reveal that PDE4D (one of PDE4 isoforms) expression is upregulated in the aortas of experimental hypertension induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). Furthermore, knockout of Pde4d in mouse smooth muscle cells (SMCs) attenuates Ang II-induced hypertension, arterial wall media thickening, vascular fibrosis and vasocontraction. Additionally, we find that PDE4D deficiency activates PKA-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway to inhibit myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1)-myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, relieving Ang II-induced SMC contraction in vitro and in vivo. Our results also indicate that rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor, may be a potential drug for hypertension therapy.
Cross-tissue transcriptome-wide association studies identify susceptibility genes shared between schizophrenia and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Uellendahl-Werth Florian , Maj Carlo , Borisov Oleg , Juzenas Simonas , Wacker Eike Matthias , Jørgensen Isabella Friis , Steiert Tim Alexander , Bej Saptarshi , Krawitz Peter , Hoffmann Per , Schramm Christoph , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Banasik Karina , Brunak Søren , Schreiber Stefan , Karlsen Tom Hemming , Degenhardt Franziska , Nöthen Markus , Franke Andre , Folseraas Trine , Ellinghaus David
Published: January 2022

Genetic correlations and an increased incidence of psychiatric disorders in inflammatory-bowel disease have been reported, but shared molecular mechanisms are unknown. We performed cross-tissue and multiple-gene conditioned transcriptome-wide association studies for 23 tissues of the gut-brain-axis using genome-wide association studies data sets (total 180,592 patients) for Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We identified NR5A2, SATB2, and PPP3CA (encoding a target for calcineurin inhibitors in refractory ulcerative colitis) as shared susceptibility genes with transcriptome-wide significance both for Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and schizophrenia, largely explaining fine-mapped association signals at nearby genome-wide association study susceptibility loci. Analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing data showed that PPP3CA expression was strongest in neurons and in enteroendocrine and Paneth-like cells of the ileum, colon, and rectum, indicating a possible link to the gut-brain-axis. PPP3CA together with three further suggestive loci can be linked to calcineurin-related signaling pathways such as NFAT activation or Wnt.
Genomic evidence of functional diversity in DPANN archaea, from oxic species to anoxic vampiristic consortia
Authors: Vigneron Adrien , Cruaud Perrine , Lovejoy Connie , Vincent Warwick F
Published: January 2022

DPANN archaea account for half of the archaeal diversity of the biosphere, but with few cultivated representatives, their metabolic potential and environmental functions are poorly understood. The extreme geochemical and environmental conditions in meromictic ice-capped Lake A, in the Canadian High Arctic, provided an isolated, stratified model ecosystem to resolve the distribution and metabolism of uncultured aquatic DPANN archaea living across extreme redox and salinity gradients, from freshwater oxygenated conditions, to saline, anoxic, sulfidic waters. We recovered 28 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of DPANN archaea that provided genetic insights into their ecological function. Thiosulfate oxidation potential was detected in aerobic Woesearchaeota, whereas diverse metabolic functions were identified in anaerobic DPANN archaea, including degradation and fermentation of cellular compounds, and sulfide and polysulfide reduction. We also found evidence for “vampiristic” metabolism in several MAGs, with genes coding for pore-forming toxins, peptidoglycan degradation, and RNA scavenging. The vampiristic MAGs co-occurred with other DPANNs having complementary metabolic capacities, leading to the possibility that DPANN form interspecific consortia that recycle microbial carbon, nutrients and complex molecules through a DPANN archaeal shunt, adding hidden novel complexity to anaerobic microbial food webs.
Immunoaffinity monoliths for multiplexed extraction of preterm birth biomarkers from human blood serum in 3D printed microfluidic devices
Authors: Almughamsi Haifa M. , Howell Makella K. , Parry Samuel R. , Esene Joule E. , Nielsen Jacob B. , Nordin Gregory P. , Woolley Adam T.
Published: January 2022

Multiplexed immunoaffinity monoliths formed in 3D printed microfluidic devices facilitate extraction and elution to purify and preconcentrate preterm risk biomarkers in blood serum.
Kinetic stabilization allows structural analysis of a benzoborirene
Authors: Sindlinger Marvin , Ströbele Markus , Maichle-Mössmer Cäcilia , Bettinger Holger F.
Published: January 2022

The successful synthesis and first structural characterization by single crystal X-ray crystallography of a highly strained benzoborirene motif, as well as its reactivity towards selected electrophiles and nucleophiles are reported.
Detoxification of amyloid β fibrils by curcumin derivatives and their verification in a Drosophila Alzheimer's model
Authors: Utomo Rohmad Yudi , Sugie Atsushi , Okada Satoshi , Miura Kazuki , Nakamura Hiroyuki
Published: January 2022

Curcumin derivatives B and N developed as disaggregation agents of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils significantly rescued locomotion dysfunction in an Aβ-expressing Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease.
Nickel chalcogenides as selective ethanol oxidation electro-catalysts and their structure–performance relationships
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Lipeng , Song Chun , Qin Yangyuanxiang , Lu Lianyue , Zhu Wei , Zhuang Zhongbin
Published: January 2022

Nickel chalcogenides show high selectivity towards selective ethanol electro-oxidation and their activities are correlated with the Ni–Ni projected distances of the catalysts.
Calcium oxalate crystallization in synthetic urinary medium: the impact of resorcinares and calixarenes
Authors: Bottrill Odin , Boon Matthew , Jones Franca , Mocerino Mauro
Published: January 2022

The impact of macrocycles on calcium oxalate formation. Calcium oxalate is a major component of kidney stones, an ailment that affects many people globally.
Various amide derivatives induced Keggin-type SiW12O404−-based cobalt complexes: assembly, structure, electrochemical sensing and dye adsorption properties
Authors: Li Lei , Zhang Yue , Wang Xiang , Xu Na , Li Xiao-Hui , Wang Xiu-Li
Published: January 2022

Three new [SiW12O40]4−-based complexes assembled from three amide derivative ligands displayed excellent electrochemical sensing activities for BrO3−, NO2− and Cr(vi) ions and showed good adsorption capacities for methylene blue and neutral red dyes.
Experimental and theoretical study of adsorption of synthesized amino acid core derived surfactants at an air/water interface
Authors: Borkowski M. , Orvalho S. , Warszyński P. , Demchuk Oleg M. , Jarek E. , Zawala J.
Published: January 2022

Molecular dynamics supported model description of surface tension isotherms.
Phototherapeutic anticancer strategies with first-row transition metal complexes: a critical review
Authors: Gourdon Lisa , Cariou Kevin , Gasser Gilles
Published: January 2022

This review presents an up-to-date state of the art on first-row-transition metal complexes, from titanium to zinc, in regard to their applications as photosensitisers for phototherapeutic applications.
Carbonized propagation synthesis of porous CQDs–SrTiO3/graphene and its photocatalytic performance for removal of methylene blue
Authors: Cui Juan , Liu Jianghui , Xia Xunfeng , Chai Xu , Guo Huahua , Gao Jianfeng , Gao Shengwang
Published: January 2022

Photocatalytic removal of methylene blue by the CQDs–SrTiO3/graphene material (CSG-5) under simulated visible light.
Generation, regeneration, and recovery of Cu catalytic system by changing the polarity of electrodes
Authors: Rodygin Konstantin S. , Samoylenko Dmitriy E. , Seitkalieva Marina M. , Lotsman Kristina A. , Metlyaeva Svetlana A. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: January 2022

An electric current promotes copper electrode dissolution in ionic liquids and creates an active catalyst. The catalyst formed was successfully tested in synthetic transformations. Reversing the polarity allows regeneration of ILs and catalyst.
Digital microfluidics-like manipulation of electrokinetically preconcentrated bioparticle plugs in continuous-flow
Authors: Park Sinwook , Sabbagh Barak , Abu-Rjal Ramadan , Yossifon Gilad
Published: January 2022

Schematic presentation of digital microfluidics-like manipulation of a single (top panel) and multiple (bottom panel) preconcentrated bioparticle plugs.
Three-component [3 + 2] cycloaddition for regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of spirooxindole-pyrrolidines
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Liu Miao , Zhan Desheng , Kaur Manpreet , Jasinski Jerry P. , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2022

Acid additive-promoted regio- and diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nonstabilized azomethine ylides with olefinic oxindoles afforded biologically interesting pirooxindole-pyrrolidines.
Unique BiFeO3/g-C3N4 mushroom heterojunction with photocatalytic antibacterial and wound therapeutic activity
Authors: Yin Yanyan , Wang JingWen , Chen Bo , Zhang Pengye , Li Ge , Sun Wei , Hu Fang Xin , Li Chang Ming
Published: January 2022

Schematic diagram of BFO/CN antibacterial activity and wound healing.
How well does molecular simulation reproduce environment-specific conformations of the intrinsically disordered peptides PLP, TP2 and ONEG?
Authors: Reid Lauren M. , Guzzetti Ileana , Svensson Tor , Carlsson Anna-Carin , Su Wu , Leek Tomas , von Sydow Lena , Czechtizky Werngard , Miljak Marija , Verma Chandra , De Maria Leonardo , Essex Jonathan W.
Published: January 2022

A protocol for simulating intrinsically disordered peptides in aqueous and hydrophobic solvents is proposed. Results from four force fields are compared with experiment. CHARMM36m performs the best for the simulated IDPs in all environments.
Principles of melting in hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite and polymorphic ABX3 structures
Authors: Shaw Bikash Kumar , Castillo-Blas Celia , Thorne Michael F. , Ríos Gómez María Laura , Forrest Tom , Lopez Maria Diaz , Chater Philip A. , McHugh Lauren N. , Keen David A. , Bennett Thomas D.
Published: January 2022

Increasing the size of the A-site cation from (C3H7)4N → (C4H9)4N → (C5H11)4N in hybrid organic–inorganic ABX3 structures was observed to result in a decrease in Tm, through an increase in ΔSf.
A Scoping Review of Cognitive Assessment in Adults With Acute Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Johnson Leslie W. , Hall Kellyn D.
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to describe and synthesize the current research regarding the prevailing cognitive domains impacted by acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adults. Standardized and nonstandardized assessments of cognitive function and comorbidities influencing cognitive function during the initial stages of recovery are presented to help guide clinical assessment.

Method:

A scoping review, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework, was used to explore four electronic databases. Searches identified peer-reviewed empirical literature addressing aspects of cognitive domains impacted after TBI, cognitive assessment, and comorbidities impacting assessment in adults after acute TBI.

Results:

A total of 1,072 records were identified and reduced to 75 studies based on inclusion criteria. The cognitive domains most impacted in acute TBI were memory and executive function. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was the most frequently used tool to assess cognitive abilities, despite it being a measurement of consciousness, not of cognition. Psychological changes were the most commonly noted comorbidity impacting cognitive assessment.

Conclusions:

Assessment of cognition after acute TBI requires a multifaceted approach that considers the typical profile of cognitive impairment, as well as patient-specific factors influencing cognitive abilities following initial brain injury. The present results support the generally held view that memory and executive function deficits are common cognitive difficulties associated with acute TBI in adults. The GCS remains the most widely used tool to assess function, though numerous tools are available that specifically address cognitive domains. Acute medical comorbidities common within this stage of injury are highlighted, as well as gaps of clinical knowledge that remain.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.18372086
The Development of Clinical Self-Efficacy in Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Training: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: McBride Eileen
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

The study examined the development of speech-language pathology (SLP) trainee clinical self-efficacy (CSE)—defined as an individual's confidence in performing tasks related to speech and language assessment and intervention—over the course of graduate clinical training. The study also examined the relationship between preprogram experience and CSE as well as the relationship between trainee self-efficacy and clinical performance.

Method:

Participants, two cohorts of full-time SLP graduate trainees (
N
= 75), completed a novel SLP-specific measure of CSE at the beginning, middle, and end of a 2-year master's program and provided background information and access to practicum evaluations.

Results:

CSE increased significantly at each point of assessment (
p
< .001). Students reported lower levels of self-efficacy for tasks related to evaluation compared to administration/report writing, collaboration, communication, and counseling (
p
< .001). Results also showed lower levels of intervention-related CSE compared to collaboration (
p
< .001) communication and counseling (
p
< .05). The variability in task-specific confidence decreased as training progressed; however, students' confidence in their evaluation skills continued to be lower relative to administration/report writing (
p
< .05) and collaboration (
p
< .01). Participants' prior clinical experience and preprogram training did not predict CSE; however, trainees with an undergraduate Communication Disorders (CD) major reported greater end-of-program self-efficacy than non-CD majors (
p
< .05). Trainee CSE was not found to be related to instructors' assessment of clinical performance.

Conclusion:

Findings provided preliminary insights into the nature and development of SLP-specific CSE over the course of graduate training and point to the potential pedagogical value of further examining factors associated with graduate trainee CSE in the context of clinical education.
Ethical Issues of Working in Special Education
Authors: Wiechmann JoAnn
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

Speech-language pathologists working in schools can be faced with ethically compromising situations. This clinical focus article will provide practical scenarios applied to a decision-making framework to guide ethical decision making.
A new 12C + 12C nuclear reaction rate: Impact on stellar evolution
Authors: Monpribat E. , Martinet S. , Courtin S. , Heine M. , Ekström S. , Jenkins D. G. , Choplin A. , Adsley P. , Curien D. , Moukaddam M. , Nippert J. , Tsiatsiou S. , Meynet G.
Published: January 2022

Context. By changing the internal composition of stars, nuclear reactions play a key role in their evolution and spur their contribution to the chemical evolution of galaxies. The STELLA collaboration recently carried out new direct measurements of the 12C + 12C fusion cross section – one of the key reactions occurring in C-burning regions in massive stars. Using a coincidence technique, accurate measurements were obtained for many different energies, with the lowest energy explored according to the Gamow window for massive stars.

Aims. This work presents new 12C + 12C reaction rates in the form of numerical tables with associated uncertainty estimations, as well as analytical formulae that can be directly implemented into stellar evolution codes. We also describe the impact of these new rates on C-burning in stars.

Methods. We determined reaction rates for two cross section extrapolation models: one based on the fusion-hindrance phenomenon and the other on fusion-hindrance plus a resonance. We then compared our results to prior data. Using the GENEC stellar evolution code, we study how these new rates impact the C-burning phases in two sets of stellar models for stars with 12 M⊙ and 25 M⊙ initial masses, which were chosen to be highly representative of the diversity of massive stars.

Results. The effective temperatures of C-burning in both sets of stellar models are entirely covered by the sensitivity of the present experimental data and no extrapolation of the rates is required. Although the rates may differ by more than an order of magnitude for temperatures typical of C-burning, the impacts on the stellar structures during that phase remain modest. This is a consequence of the readjustment of the stellar structure to a change of nuclear reaction rate for reactions that are shown to be important for energy production. For the hindrance case, the C-burning phase is found to occur at central temperatures that are 10% higher than with the hindrance plus resonance rate. Its C-burning lifetime is reduced by a factor of two. This model, nevertheless, loses more entropy than the other one; thus, it enters into the degeneracy regime earlier, which will impact the last stages of the evolution at the pre-core collapse time. The hindrance model produces up to 60% more neon. The impact of the different rates on the s-process occurring during the C-burning phase is modest, affecting the final abundances of s-processed elements by at most 20% (cobalt).
Contribution of geomatics tools to the study of the spatio-temporal evolution of forest stands of the Maamora forest in the face of global changes
Authors: Malki Fouad , Al Karkouri Jamal , Sabir Mohammed , El Mderssa Mohamed , Dallahi Youssef
Published: January 2022

A better knowledge of the land use of an environment is based on the establishment and comparison of various spatio-temporal situations of the different components of this space. This work is part of a research on the dynamics of the Maamora forest. It aims to show the contribution of the use of geomatics tools in the evaluation of dynamics of forest cover and therefore the evaluation of the impact of global changes and previous forest management methods. The approach followed for the assessment of forest cover in 1984, 1994, 2004, 2014 and 2019, was based on satellite images of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8, with a spatial resolution of 30 m. The classification supervised by the “Support Vector Machine” (SVM) algorithm made it possible to develop forest cover maps for the dates selected and subsequently to evaluate the changes. The classification evaluation showed a Kappa coefficient over 87% and an overall accuracy over 90% for all the selected dates. The results showed a great dynamic of the forest cover between 1984 and 2019 with two significant periods. The first one is 1984-1994 when areas of cork oak and acacia fell respectively by 20% and 39% in favor of other introduced forest species, mainly eucalyptus and pines, which increased respectively by 28% and 74%. For the second period 1994-2019, there was a reversal trend of regression of cork oak’s area towards an increase of 11%, while the area of eucalyptus plantations was generally stabilized and that of pines and acacia stands fell by 37% and 33% respectively. These results make it possible to provide decision-makers with tools for the future management of the space.
Seismic imaging and recognition technology of medium and shallow channel sand body
Authors: Wang Dongna
Published: January 2022

The fine characterization of channel sand body is a complex system engineering. The longitudinal superposition relationship of channel is complex, the sandstone thickness is thin, and the lateral changes of lithology and physical properties are obvious. It is necessary to carry out the research on the integration of processing and interpretation and seismic geology. The key technologies of seismic high-resolution pre stack and post stack inversion of medium and shallow channel sand bodies with “improved HHT point spectrum whitening” and “weak sidelobe wavelet structure” as the core and “azimuth well control inversion modeling” and “Cauchy regularization high-resolution inversion” as the core have been formed through experimental research.
Research Progress of the Salt Barrier in Saline Alkali Land
Authors: Sun Xiaomei , Wang Jian , Hua Dongwen
Published: January 2022

As an important land resource, the poor physical and chemical properties of soil in saline alkali land are the biggest obstacle to plant growth and development in saline alkali land. Carrying out targeted research on saline alkali land improvement is of great significance to ensure food security and protect the ecological environment. In recent years, it is urgent to fully tap the potential of such areas in agricultural production and ecological greening through economic and effective original soil improvement measures. The existing research and engineering projects of saline alkali land treatment at home and abroad are mostly realized through water conservancy, physics, chemistry, biology and other measures, and tend to form a comprehensive treatment system integrating engineering, plant, microorganism and other technologies. Among them, salt separation layer + concealed pipe drainage is a more effective and commonly used engineering measure in saline alkali land treatment. Through the research and development of supporting new materials and processes, constantly improving the technical system can greatly promote saline alkali land treatment. This paper discusses the improvement of salt barrier in saline alkali soil
Preparation of supercapacitors based on sludge utilization
Authors: Ye Qingying
Published: January 2022

The acceleration of urbanization has made environmental problems increasingly prominent. With the continuous increase in the volume of urban sewage discharged annually, the problem of urban sludge pollution has gradually become an environmental problem in our country. At the same time, the expansion of grid-connected new energy has also continuously raised new challenges to low-cost and high-efficiency energy storage technology. This paper uses municipal sludge to prepare low-cost supercapacitors, that is, using municipal sludge as a raw material, through a series of physical and chemical processes such as drying, doping, impregnation, and activation, to prepare carbon-based porous electrode materials that can be used for supercapacitors. On the one hand, it solves the problem of sludge disposal. On the other hand, it greatly reduces the cost of supercapacitors and provides a new idea for preparing supercapacitors.
Incidência de lesões da rampa meniscal nas reconstruções do ligamento cruzado anterior
Authors: Abreu Felipe Galvão , Canuto Sérgio Marinho de Gusmão , Canuto Maira Macedo de Gusmão , Chagas Eduardo Federighi , Zutin Tereza Lais Menegucci , Pádua Vitor Barion Castro de
Published: January 2022

Objetivo Avaliar a incidência e o perfil epidemiológico das lesões da rampa meniscal nos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), e determinar os fatores de risco relacionados.

Métodos Foram analisados retrospectivamente 824 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de reconstrução do LCA. Os pacientes que apresentaram instabilidade meniscal medial foram submetidos a avaliação do compartimento posteromedial do joelho. Em caso de lesão, o reparo cirúrgico foi realizado. Potenciais fatores de risco associados às lesões foram analisados.

Resultados A incidência geral de lesões da rampa na população estudada foi de 10,6% (87 lesões em 824 pacientes). A análise multivariada pelo teste do Qui-quadrado demonstrou que a presença de lesões da rampa meniscal foi significativamente associada aos seguintes fatores de risco: lateralidade direita e lesões crônicas. Sexo, idade e atividade esportiva não foram estatisticamente significantes. O futebol foi a causa mais frequente de lesões da rampa relacionadas ao esporte, com 78,2% dos casos. No entanto, não se mostrou ser um fator de risco. De 2014 a 2019, a incidência anual variou de 4,0% a 20,6%.

Conclusão A incidência das lesões da rampa meniscal foi de 10,6% nas cirurgias de reconstrução do LCA, sendo mais frequente em pacientes com lesões crônicas. A incidência anual foi crescente, e variou de 4,0%, em 2014, a 20,6%, em 2019.
Non-PCOS Hyperandrogenic Disorders in Adolescents
Authors: Esquivel-Zuniga M. Rebeca , Kirschner Cassandra K. , McCartney Christopher R. , Burt Solorzano Christine M.
Published: January 2022

Hyperandrogenism—clinical features resulting from increased androgen production and/or action—is not uncommon in peripubertal girls. Hyperandrogenism affects 3 to 20% of adolescent girls and often is associated with hyperandrogenemia. In prepubertal girls, the most common etiologies of androgen excess are premature adrenarche (60%) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH; 4%). In pubertal girls, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS; 20–40%) and CAH (14%) are the most common diagnoses related to androgen excess. Androgen-secreting ovarian or adrenal tumors are rare (0.2%). Early pubic hair, acne, and/or hirsutism are the most common clinical manifestations, but signs of overt virilization in adolescent girls—rapid progression of pubic hair or hirsutism, clitoromegaly, voice deepening, severe cystic acne, growth acceleration, increased muscle mass, and bone age advancement past height age—should prompt detailed evaluation. This article addresses the clinical manifestations of and management considerations for non-PCOS-related hyperandrogenism in adolescent girls. We propose an algorithm to aid diagnostic evaluation of androgen excess in this specific patient population.
A microfluidic valve with bubble trap and zero dead volume
Authors: Saghaei Tayebeh , Reimhult Erik , van Oostrum Peter D. J.
Published: January 2022

We present a technique to swiftly change the contents of a small sample chamber using only a few times the chamber volume. Our design has no dead volume and functions as a manifold that minimizes mixing between consecutive liquids at one inlet. Thereby, it is ideal for minimizing sample consumption. In addition, our fluidic circuit works as an efficient bubble trap. These properties make our design an exciting alternative to standard solutions using multiple valves and junctions.
Extension of the flux fit method for estimating power deposition profiles
Authors: Slief J. H. , van Kampen R. J. R. , Brookman M. W. , van Berkel M.
Published: January 2022

The flux fit method is used to self-consistently estimate the power deposition profile and heat transport profiles from temperature measurements originating from perturbative experiments with a modulated source. This Letter improves on this method by addressing the limitations and assumptions. The most crucial improvement is the additional freedom in the source deposition profile. Allowing for a variable central deposition location and height and including a skewness parameter produces deposition profiles more consistent with the measurement data, but still wider than equilibrium ray tracing in two different DIII-D discharges. Moreover, we show that the quality of the estimated deposition profile is key to the accuracy of diffusivity and convectivity estimates, but inversely, the estimated transport parameters hardly affect the quality of the power deposition estimate. Using this method, we show that the power deposition profile estimate is broadened with respect to ray-tracing by about 1.7–1.8 times in two DIII-D discharges.
Boosted efficiency and lifetime of perovskite quantum dots light-emitting diode via NiOx/PEDOT:PSS dual hole injection layers
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Qin Le , Zhou Binze , Liu Mengjia , Geng Shicai , Wang Min , Lei Zhiyong , Wen Yanwei , Chen Rong
Published: January 2022

Perovskite quantum dots light-emitting diodes (PQLEDs) usually suffer from low efficiency due to the imbalanced carrier injection. Dual hole injection layers (HILs) with NiOx/polyethylene dioxythiophene:polystyrene sulfonate are applied to tune the carrier transport and recombination in fabricated PQLEDs. The fine control of the NiOx film enables the external quantum efficiencies of the PQLEDs to increase from 1.5% to 9.7%, and the lifetime of T50 at 400 cd/m2 is prolonged by about 13 times with the cooperation of dual HIL. The improved performance of PQLEDs is attributed to the achievement of favorable carrier transport balance and effective radiative recombination in the emission layer. We highlight the critical role of carriers balance via the HIL engineering on both the efficiency and stability of PQLEDs.
Steering light with magnetic textures
Authors: Chioar Ioan-Augustin , Vantaraki Christina , Pohlit Merlin , Rowan-Robinson Richard M. , Papaioannou Evangelos Th. , Hjörvarsson Björgvin , Kapaklis Vassilios
Published: January 2022

We study the steering of visible light using a combination of magneto-optical effects and the reconfigurability of magnetic domains in yttrium-iron garnet films. The spontaneously formed stripe domains are used as a field-controlled optical grating, allowing for active spatiotemporal control of light. We discuss the basic ideas behind the approach and provide a quantitative description of the field dependence of the obtained light patterns. Finally, we calculate and experimentally verify the efficiency of our magneto-optical grating.
Fuzzy sliding mode control of piezo-driven stage
Authors: Fang Jiwen , Zhao Jiuchun , Zhang Lufan , Li Chong , Zhong Wei , Zhang Lianren
Published: January 2022

The motion stage with flexible hinges as a guiding mechanism can realize nanometer-level precision positioning. This stage uses a piezoelectric (PZT) actuator as the driving unit. In order to describe the mechanical characteristics of this piezo-driven stage, a double-parallel four-bar mechanism based on eight flexible hinges is analyzed. The natural frequency and modal of this stage are analyzed with the finite element method. In order to reduce the hysteresis influence of the PZT actuator, the model parameters based on the Bouc–Wen hysteresis model are identified by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the boundedness of the hysteresis phenomenon is determined by this model. On this basis, the PZT hysteresis is regarded as a disturbance, and a proportional–integral–differential (PID)-type fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) is designed. Taking errors and the derivation in the errors as input and the parameters of the PID sliding surface as the output, the fuzzy sliding mode function is constructed. In addition, taking the absolute value of the sliding mode function as the input and the adjustment factor of the switching control as the output, the fuzzy switching control is constructed. Finally, the effectiveness of the FSMC is verified through several experiments.
On analysis and stochastic modeling of the particle kinetic energy equation in particle-laden isotropic turbulent flows
Authors: Pietrzyk Kyle , Horwitz Jeremy A. K. , Najjar Fady M. , Minich Roger W.
Published: January 2022

We analyze three-dimensional particle-laden, isotropic turbulence to develop an understanding of inertial particle dynamics from a kinetic energy perspective. Data trends implying inhomogeneous sampling of the flow by particles are identified and used to support a proposed particle behavior: particles appear to accumulate in regions of low flow kinetic energy over time because they lose kinetic energy and slow down in such regions, ultimately causing them to spend more time there. To elucidate this behavior, we derive a particle kinetic energy equation from the particle momentum equation, which incorporates inertial effects through the Schiller–Naumann drag correlation. Upon extracting fundamental physics from this equation, hypotheses regarding the role of the Stokes number in the temporal change of particle kinetic energy and the previously proposed particle behavior are evaluated using simulation data considering three Stokes numbers. Finally, a Fokker–Planck equation is used to derive the steady-state probability density function of the particle kinetic energy. The model fits the simulation data well and provides a tool for further investigation into understanding preferential concentration, as well as a reduced order model for predicting particle kinetic energy in turbulent flows.
Experimental study on the evolution of mode waves in laminar boundary layer on a large-scale flat plate
Authors: Liu Meikuan , Han Guilai , Jiang Zonglin
Published: January 2022

In this research, to study the hypersonic boundary-layer transition, experiments were conducted on a large-scale flat plate with a length of 3.2 m at a zero angle of attack in the hypersonic shock tunnel duplicating flight conditions. Surface-mounted piezoelectric pressure sensors and coaxial thermocouples were, respectively, used to measure the pressure fluctuations and wall heat transfer. The spatial distribution of heat transfer was used to distinguish the transition. Under the test conditions of Ma = 7.0, T0 = 2120 K, and Re∞ = 6.08 × 105 m−1, no transition occurred, and under the test conditions of Ma = 7.0, T0 = 2220 K, and Re∞ = 1.23 × 106 m−1, the transition position was s = 2.06 m. The repeatability of the experiment was found to be good. Furthermore, focus was placed on the spectral and spatial/temporal evolution characteristics of pressure fluctuations in the laminar boundary layer. The experiment captured the three frequency distributions of mode waves in the laminar flow zone. Among the mode waves distributed in the three frequency bands, the low-/high-frequency bands were dominant, and the mid-frequency band exhibited a staged contribution. The amplitude energy percentages of the high- and low-frequency mode waves exhibited opposite trends in both time and space, which means that the disturbance energy will be distributed among the various harmonics in the laminar stage.