bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOX7 Blocks Vasculogenic Mimicry in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hong Kyoung-Ok , Oh Kyu-Young , Yoon Hye-Jung , Swarup Neeti , Jung Minjung , Shin Ji-Ae , Kim Jung-Hwan , Chawla Kunal , Lee Jae-Il , Cho Sung-Dae , Hong Seong-Doo
Published: October 2020

Background: Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the formation of an alternative circulatory system by aggressive tumor cells. The characteristics of VM and its underlying mechanism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. This study aims to determine the relationship between VM channels in OSCC tissues and clinical outcomes and to investigate the biological role of SOX7 in VM in OSCC cells.Methods: CD31/PAS double staining was performed to evaluate VM status in OSCC tissue. The relationships between VM and clinicopathological variables, and VM and SOX7 levels were analyzed. The correlation between SOX7 levels and head and Neck cancer corhorts were investigated using in silico analysis.VM channel formation assay was performed to observe VM channels in the OSCC cell lines. To investigate the role of SOX7 in VM channel formation, SOX7 was transiently over-expressed in SCC-9 cells. VM-modulating genes were identified by Western blotting.Results: We confirmed the presence of VM channels in OSCC tissue and several cell lines and found a positive correlation between VM and lymph node metastasis and patient survival in OSCC (P = 0.003). In silico analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database showed that down-regulation of SOX7 expression was significantly correlated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient cohorts (P = 0.0187) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0017). We also found that the presence of VM channels in OSCC tissue was inversely associated with SOX7 expression (P = 0.020). We observed that overexpression of SOX7 impaired VM channel formation by reducing the expression of VE-cadherin, thereby inhibiting cell migration and invasion.Conclusion: These results suggest that SOX7 plays an important role in the regulation of VM channel formation and may inhibit OSCC metastasis.
CXCR4 Negatively Correlates with NKT Cell Infiltration During Gastric Precancerous Lesions Progression to Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Jiang Xiaotao , Zhuang Kunhai , Jiang Kailin , Wen Yi , Xie Linling , Weng Senhui , Chen Xu , Nie Kechao , Zheng Zhihua , Pan Jinglin , Yan Yanhua , Liu Peng , Zheng Junhui , Huang Yuancheng , Liu Yufeng , Li Peiwu , Liu Fengbin
Published: October 2020

Background Immune microenvironment in gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) and early gastric cancer (EGC) still remain largely unknown. This study aims to identify key immune cells and hub genes associated with GPL progression to EGC. Methods Immune Cell Abundance Identifier (ImmuCellAI) algorithm was used to quantify the proportions of immune cells of GPL and GC samples based on gene expression profiles. Key immune cells associated with GPL progression to EGC were identified using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Spearman’s correlation test. Weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) and pathway enrichment were adopted to identify hub gene co-expression network and hub genes associated with the key immune cells infiltration. The pattern of key immune cells infiltration, hub genes expression and their correlation were verified in an independent GPL-EGC cohort and GC datasets.Results NKT cell was found gradually decreased during GPL progression to EGC and negatively correlated with tumorigenesis. According to WGCNA and hub genes screening, CXCR4, having a poor prognosis, increased with GPL progression, positively correlated with tumorigenesis and negatively correlated with NKT cell infiltration significantly, was identified as the real hub gene. The negative correlation between CXCR4 and NKT cell infiltration was successfully verified in an independent GPL-EGC cohort and GC datasets.Conclusion CXCR4 and NKT cell are possible to serve as biomarkers in monitoring GPL progression to EGC. Besides, CXCR4 may be involved in regulating NKT cell infiltration during GPL progression to EGC, which may provide a new immunotherapeutic target.
Evaluation of the Risk of Water Gushing（Inrush）in Aquifer of Coal Seam Roof Based on "Three Diagram Method" – a Case Study in Hu Jiahe Coal Mine,china
Authors: Hou Enke , Yao Xing , Che Xiaoyang
Published: October 2020

Coal seam roof inrush phenomenon is common in Jurassic coalfield in China. In order to evaluate accurately the risk of coal seam roof water inrush (CSRWI) it needs to analyze the degree of water rich degree and crack height of strata aquifer. Based on the combined weight-TOPSIS theory, this paper intends to adopt the 8 factors of aquifer thickness, lithological structure index, core adoption rate and permeability coefficient, and TDS from the three aspects of aquifer lithology, hydrology and hydrochemical characteristics. As an evaluation index of the water richness of the aquifer in the Luohe Formation, By using the method of GI method and independent weight method subjective and objective weights influencing aquifer water rich control factors are determined and then weights are coupled by differential maximization theory.Based on GIS spatial analysis technology, an evaluation model of aquifer water rich in coal seam roof aquifer was established and verified by field measured hydrological pore data.Through empirical value calculation of coal seam roof crack height and further refinement of hydraulic fracture zone spread across aquifer floor and combined with aquifer degree of water enrichment and roof cracking degree to carry out comprehensive evaluation of the risk of CSRWI. The most important factors affecting the degree of water enrichment of aquifers are lithological structure index and permeability coefficient, followed by TDS. Compared with water-rich index method, the water-rich degree of aquifer can be effectively determined based on combination weight and TOPSIS method. Moreover, subdivision of roof crack degree indicates that the development height of hydraulic fracture zone in research area is disturbed by aquifer actual disturbance; Risk assessment results indicate that high risk of water inrush lies in southwest side of research area and prevention should be strengthened when mining. This study provides a new idea for evaluating risk zoning of coal seam roof gushing (inrush) water in coal mines of Binchang.
Public Sector Radiological Resources and Utilization Patterns in the Western Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: Zyl Beulah Christina van , Barnard Michelle Monique , Fernandez Amanda , Cloete Keith , Mukosi Matodzi , Pitcher Richard Denys
Published: October 2020

Background There are marked disparities in radiological resources globally, particularly between metropolitan and rural populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that 90% of low- and middle-income country (LMIC) imaging needs can be addressed by one X-ray and ultrasound machine for every 50000 people. However, this figure is untested, as limited work on radiological resources and service utilization patterns globally, particularly in LMICs exists. The aim was to analyze provincial radiological service in a middle-income country. Methods An institutional review board-approved retrospective audit of radiological data for the public healthcare sector of the Western Cape Province (WCP) of South Africa (SA) for 2017, utilizing databases of the WCP Department of Health and Stats SA. We conducted population-based analyses of imaging equipment, personnel, and service utilization data for the province, metropolitan and rural areas. Results Metropolitan population density exceeds rural (1682 vs 19 people/km 2 ; 89:1). Rural imaging facilities by population are double the metropolitan (19 vs 11/10 6 people). Provincially, there are 36 X-ray and 18 ultrasound units/10 6 people. Rural X-ray (39.3 vs 33.6/10 6 people), ultrasound (24.7 vs 14.5/10 6 people) and mammography (14 vs 5 units/10 6 women > 40 years) resources exceed metropolitan by 17, 70 and 180 percent, respectively. Metropolitan personnel resources by population (n = 112 vs 53/10 6 people) and equipment unit (1.7 vs 0.7/10 6 people) are double the rural. Provincial imaging studies totalled 1.2778 million, averaging 262 examinations/10 3 people and 1.3 investigations/patient. Radiography (n=935607,73%) and ultrasound (n=202639,16%) together constituted 89% (n=1138246) of studies. Population-based utilization of imaging services was 30% higher in the metropole (279 vs 214 studies/10 3 people), with mammography (24 vs 5 studies/10 3 woman >40 years; 517%) and CT (21 vs 6/10 3 people; 380%) recording the highest differentials and plain radiography (203 vs 171/10 3 people; 19%) the lowest. Conclusion Our findings support the WHO contention that approximately ninety percent of a population’s diagnostic imaging needs can be met by plain radiography and ultrasound and underscore the complexity of achieving equitable utilization of services between rural and metropolitan areas.
Evaluating Quality Improvement at Scale: Design Considerations for Routine Reporting to Executive Board of a Healthcare Organisation in the UK National Health Service
Authors: Chua Kia-Chong , Henderson Claire , Grey Barbara , Holland Michael , Sevdalis Nick
Published: October 2020

BackgroundQuality improvement (QI) in healthcare is a cultural transformation process that requires long-term commitment from the executive board, a critical theme in emerging accounts of QI success in the UK National Health Service (NHS). To help sustain long-term commitment from the executive board, an organisation-wide picture of QI applications and their impact needs to be made routinely visible.MethodWe developed a retrospective evaluation drawing inputs from the resident QI team of a healthcare organisation and academic colleagues in the field of implementation and improvement science, as well as peer-reviewed and grey literature on what constitutes success for QI in healthcare. Formative feedback on content relevance, acceptability, and feasibility issues were used to guide evaluation design. The evaluation was conducted as an online survey so that the data accrual process resembles routine reporting to help surface implementation challenges. A purposive sample of QI projects was identified to maximise contrast between projects that were or were not successful as determined by the resident QI team. To hone strategic focus in what should be reported, we also compared factors that might affect project outcomes. For understanding implementation issues, we reviewed data quality to surface challenges in the design and sustainability of routine reporting for the executive board.ResultsOut of 52 QI projects, 10 led to a change in routine practice (henceforth referred to as adoption). Details of project outcomes were limited. Project team outcomes, indicative of capacity building, were not systematically documented. Service user involvement, quality of measurement plan, fidelity and documentation of plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles had a major impact on adoption. The proximal impact of these process factors on adoption was consistently more apparent than the distal impact of input and contextual factors.ConclusionsDesigning a routine reporting framework is an iterative process involving continual dialogue with frontline staff and improvement specialists to navigate data accrual demands. A retrospective evaluation, as in this study, can yield empirical insights for dialogue about the routine visibility of QI applications and their organisation-wide impact, thereby honing the implementation science of QI in a healthcare organisation.
Lower Risk of Death and Cardiovascular Events in Unselected Type 2 Diabetes Patients Initiated on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Two Large Italian Cohorts
Authors: Baviera Marta , Genovese Stefano , Lepore Vito , Colacioppo Pierluca , Robusto Fabio , Tettamanti Mauro , D’Ettorre Antonio , Avanzini Fausto , Fortino Ida , Nicolucci Antonio , Roncaglioni Maria Carla , Giorgino Francesco
Published: October 2020

Background:GLP-1 receptor agonists (G LP-1 RA) and SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are recommended in type 2 diabetes subjects with established cardiovascular (CV) disease or at high CV risk. The efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RA and SGLT-2i compared with other anti-hyperglycemic agents (AHAs) was examined in large unselected populations of Lombardy and Apulia regions in Italy.Methods:An observational cohort study of new users of GLP-1 RA, SGLT-2i and other AHAs was conducted from 2010 to 2018. Death and cardiovascular events were evaluated using conditional Cox models in propensity-score matched populations. Adjusted hazard ratios (95%, CI) were calculated for each region and as meta-analysis for pooled risks.Results:After propensity-matching, the Lombardy cohort included 18,716 and 11,683 pairs and the Apulia cohort 9,772 and 6,046 pairs for the GLP-1 RA and SGLT-2i groups, respectively. Use of GLP-1 RA was associated with lower rates of death (HR 0.61, CI 0.56-0.65, Lombardy; HR 0.63, CI 0.55-0.71, Apulia), cerebrovascular disease and ischemic stroke (HR 0.70, CI 0.63-0.79; HR 0.72, CI 0.60-0.87, Lombardy) peripheral vascular disease (HR 0.72, CI 0.64-0.82, Lombardy; HR 0.80, CI 0.67-0.98, Apulia) and, lower limb complications (HR 0.67, CI 0.56-0.81, Lombardy; HR 0.69, CI 0.51-0.93, Apulia). Compared to other AHAs, SGLT-2i use decreased the risk of death (HR 0.47, CI 0.40-0.54, Lombardy; HR 0.43, CI 0.32-0.57, Apulia), cerebrovascular disease (HR 0.75, CI 0.61-0.91, Lombardy, HR 0.72, CI 0.54-0.96, Apulia), and heart failure (HR 0.56, CI 0.46-0.70, Lombardy, HR 0.57, CI 0.42-0.77, Apulia). In the pooled cohorts, a reduction in heart failure was also observed with GLP-1 RA (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.97). Serious adverse events were quite low in frequency. Conclusions: Our findings from real world practice confirm the favorable effect of GLP-1 RA and SGLT-2i on death and CV outcomes consistent across both regions. Thus, these drug classes should be preferentially considered in a broad type 2 diabetes population beyond subjects with CV disease.
Melatonin Increases the Anticancer Potential of Doxorubicin in Caco-2 Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Jadid Mahdieh Farhoudi Sefidan , Aghaei Elnaz , Taheri Elham , Seyyedsani Nasrin , Chavoshi Reza , Abbasi Samane , Khorrami Afshin , Hajazimian Saba , Taefehshokr Sina , Isazadeh Alireza , Shanehbandi Dariush
Published: October 2020

Colorectal cancer (CC) is an important human malignancy with high cancer related death worldwide. The chemotherapy using doxorubicin hydrochloride is one of the most common cancer therapeutic methods. However, drug resistance lowers the treatment efficacy in CC patients. The combination therapies seem to be more promising by taking the advantage of synergistic effects. The present study aimed to evaluate a new strategy to enhance the anticancer activity of doxorubicin in Caco-2 CC cell line by co-administration of melatonin. The effects of doxorubicin, melatonin, and their combinations (Dox-Mel) were investigated on the proliferation and viability, morphological alterations, and tumor spheroid formation. Flow cytometry was employed to compare the apoptotic situation of the cells in study groups. Changes in metastatic potential of the cells were assessed by wound healing assay and trans-well migration assays. Moreover, expression of BAX, SMAC, BCL-2, SURVIVIN, MMP-2, and MMP-9 genes were evaluated by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Our study showed that doxorubicin, melatonin, and Dox-Mel significantly decreased the proliferation and viability, tumor spheroid formation, invasion and migration. Furthermore, the changes were in a concentration and time dependent manner. There was an increase in apoptosis rate in the treatment groups. Expression of genes involved in apoptosis and cell motility were altered significantly. It was observed that anticancer activity of Dox-Mel combination was significantly more than doxorubicin and melatonin treatments alone. We showed an enhanced apoptotic and anticancer activity of doxorubicin and melatonin combination chemotherapy on CC cell line than doxorubicin or melatonin treatments alone. This combination could promote the treatment efficiency and alleviate the un-intended side effects by lowering the dose of doxorubicin prescription.
Global pattern of CD8+ T cell infiltration and exhaustion in colorectal cancer predicts cancer immunotherapy response
Authors: Tian Sun , Wang Fulong , Zhang Rongxin , Chen Gong
Published: October 2020

MSI/MSS status does not fully explain cancer immunotherapy response in colorectal cancer. We used gene expression data of 454 samples (MSI=131, MSI-L=23, MSS=284, Unknown=16) and developed a method TMEPRE that models colorectal cancer specific signature of CD8+ T cell infiltration and CD8+ T cell exhaustion states. TMEPRE showed predictive power in three datasets of anti-PD1 treated patients(p=0.056, 0.115, 0.003). CD8+ T cell exhaustion component of TMEPRE model correlates with anti-PD1 responding progenitor exhausted CD8+ T cells in both tumor and viral infection(p=0.048, 0.001). Global pattern of TMEPRE on 454 colorectal cancer samples indicated that 10.6% of MSS patients and 67.2% of MSI patients show biological characters that can benefit from anti-PD1 treatment. Within MSI nonresponders, approximately 50% showed no sufficient amount of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells and 50% showed terminal exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. These terminally exhausted CD8+ T cells coexisted with signature of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in colorectal cancer.
Regulation of Abnormal Expression of hsa_circRNA_0127523 on Proliferation, Migration and Invasion and mRNA Expression of miR-515-5p in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wei Jianing , Wang Zekun , Gao Jiping , Liang Yuxiang , Xu Guoqiang , Wang Xiaotang , Xiao Lanfei , Yan Xiaoru , Song Guohua
Published: October 2020

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancer. Circular RNA (circRNA) play an important role in many biological processes of occurrence and development of cancers. However, the mechanism of circRNA in OSCC remains unclear. We successfully established a Chinese hamster oral squamous cell cancer animal model and discovered the differential expression of non-coding RNAs. In this study, we investigated the functional roles of a significantly up-regulated circRNA (hsa_circ_0127523) in OSCC. Methods: DMBA-induced malignant-transformed buccal sac tissue and normal tissue of Chinese hamster were analyzed by the second-generation circRNA sequencing. The top 8 different expression circRNAs in sequencing results were further confirmed by qRT-PCR. The RNAi, CCK-8, transwell migration and invasion assays were conducted to investigate the behavioral functions of hsa_circ_0127523 in OSCC cells. Results: In this study, we found total of 3485 circRNAs were differentially expressed. GO and KEGG analyses showed that differently expressed circRNAs function and pathway. The axis relationship of circRNA-miRNA was predicted by miRanda. Silencing hsa_circ_0127523 significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of OSCC cells. Furthermore, bioinformatics databases suggested that hsa_circ_0127523 might function by sponging miR-515-5p to regulate the expression of TRIP13. It was subsequently identified that hsa_circ_0127523 may inhibit miR-515-5p expression and increase TRIP13 expression in the OSCC cells. Conclusions: In summary, the results of the present study revealed that OSCC tissues have abundant circRNAs and we firstly explore the role of the hsa_circ_0127523 in the behavior regulation of OSCC cells. Its demonstrating that hsa_circ_0127523 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of OSCC.
Low-Frequency Tremors Immediately After the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake Detected by Near-Trench OBS Observations
Authors: Takahashi Hidenobu , Hino Ryota , Uchida Naoki , Matsuzawa Takanori , Ohta Yusaku , Suzuki Syuichi , Shinohara Masanao
Published: October 2020

We used temporal seismic observation using pop-up type ocean-bottom seismometers to detect a number of low-frequency tremors (LFTs) immediately after the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in the northern periphery of its aftershock area. The near-field observation clearly distinguished LFTs from regular earthquakes based on their spectral shape in the frequency band of 1–4 Hz. In addition to the LFTs accompanied by known very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs), more than 130 LFTs without known VLFE activity were detected during April–October, 2011. The newly detected LFTs were in the vicinity of a sequence of small repeating earthquakes indicating mixed distribution of LFTs and regular interplate earthquakes in the region. The LFTs and repeating earthquake activities show a periodicity of 60–100 days, which is similar to that of the LFT activity in the later period (2016–2018). This suggests that the LFT activity is modulated by sustained background aseismic slip events throughout the postseismic period of the 2011 mainshock.
Temporal Evolutions of N2+ Meinel (1,2) Band Near 1.5 μm Associated with Aurora Breakup and their Effects on Mesopause Temperature Estimations from OH Meinel (3,1) Band
Authors: Nishiyama Takanori , Taguchi Makoto , Suzuki Hidehiko , Dalin Peter , Ogawa Yasunobu , Brändström Urban , Sakanoi Takeshi
Published: October 2020

We have carried out ground-based NIRAS (Near-InfraRed Aurora and airglow Spectrograph) observations at Syowa station, Antarctic (69.0°S, 39.6°E) and Kiruna (67.8°N, 20.4°E), Sweden for continuous measurements of hydroxyl (OH) rotational temperatures and a precise evaluation of aurora contaminations to OH Meinel (3,1) band. A total of 368-nights observations succeeded for two winter seasons, and three cases in which N+2 Meinel (1,2) band around 1.5 μm was significant were identified. Focusing on two specific cases, detailed spectral characteristics with high temporal resolutions of 30 seconds are presented. Intensities of N+2 band were estimated to be 228 kR and 217 kR just at the moment of the aurora breakup and arc intensifications during pseudo breakup, respectively. At a wavelength of P1(2) line (∼ 1523 nm), N+2 emissions were almost equal to or greater than the OH line intensity. On the other hand, at a wavelength of P1(4) line (∼ 1542 nm), the OH line was not seriously contaminated and still dominant to N+2 emissions. Furthermore, we evaluated N+2 (1,2) band effects on OH rotational temperature estimations quantitatively for the first time. Aurora contaminations from N+2 (1,2) band basically lead negative bias in OH rotational temperature estimated by line-pair-ratio method with P1(2) and P1(4) lines in OH (3,1) band. They possibly cause underestimations of OH rotational temperatures up to 40 K. In addition, N+2 (1,2) band contaminations were temporally limited to a moment around aurora breakup. This is consistent with proceeding studies reporting that enhancements of N+2 (1,2) band were observed associated with International Brightness Coefficient 2-3 auroras. It is also suggested that the contaminations would be neglected in polar cap and sub-aurora zone, where strong aurora intensifications are less observed. Further spectroscopic investigations at this wavelength are needed especially for more precise evaluations of to N+2 (1,2) band contaminations. For example, simultaneous 2-D imaging observation and spectroscopic measurement with high spectral resolutions for airglow in OH (3,1) band will make great advances in more robust temperature estimations.
Study on Cerebral White Matter Microstructural Integrity of Parents Who Lost Their Only Child
Authors: Wu Hui , Wang Yan , Xiao Jingsong , Tian Hongan , Xu Guobin , Wu Guangyao
Published: October 2020

Background The parents who lost their only child and do not bear or adopt another child are known as Shidu parents in China. They have a higher risk of developing mental disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression. Evaluating the neurobiological mechanisms of the development of early emotional symptoms might provide an understanding of mental diseases in Shidu parents. Objective The present study aimed to investigate the microstructural integrity of white matter (WM) in Shidu parents without any diagnosis of mental illness based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods This study consisted of Shidu parents and well-matched healthy controls (HCs). No significant differences were detected with respect to the gender ratio, age, and education level. All participants underwent DTI sequence, tested by the symptom check-list 90 (SCL_90), to assess the psychological status. Also, a whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach was used to examine the microstructural integrity of WM tracts in each participant. Results Compared to HCs, the Shidu group showed reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left uncinate fasciculus (UF), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), and increased radial diffusion (RD) and mean diffusion (MD) in the same WM regions. In the Shidu group, the FA value in the left UF were significantly correlated with SCL_90 subscale scores, including anxiety, depression, and interpersonal sensitivity (all p<0.005), while a negative correlation was established between FA values in the left UF and traumatic time (p=0.024). Furthermore, Shidu women had reduced FA in the left UF while the Shidu men had reduced FA in the left SLF.Conclusions The WM integrity in Shidu parents is disrupted even without PTSD and depression, and such microstructural changes varied with gender, which might be associated with the gender differences in emotion regulation strategies. Importantly, the compromised integrity of left UF might contribute to the emotion dysregulation in Shidu parents, leading to a range of emotional symptoms, thereby partially explaining why these parents are more prone to various mental disorders than HCs.
Determining the Optimal Dose of 18F-FDG for Hodgkin lymphoma Imaging on PET/CT Camera with BGO Crystals
Authors: Dziuk Mirosław , Witkowska-Patena Ewa , Giżewska Agnieszka , Mazurek Andrzej , Pieczonka Anna , Koza Magdalena , Gerszewska Marina , Podgajny Zbigniew , Chojnowska Marta
Published: October 2020

Purpose: We aimed to find the minimum feasible dose of fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) of Hodgkin lymphoma patients performed on a camera with bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals.Methods: Ninety-one 18F-FDG PET/CT scans with decreasing time per bed position (2 min, 1.5 min, 1 min, 50 sec, 40 sec, 30 sec and 20 sec) were assessed to evaluate image quality. Mean administered dose was 3.0±0.1 MBq/kg and mean uptake time was 54.0±8.7 min. The series quality was subjectively marked in 1-10 scale and then ranked 1-7 based on the mean mark. Interobserver rank correlation and intraclass correlation within each series were calculated. Phantom studies were also performed to determine if reduced acquisition time can be directly translated into a reduced dose. Results: We show the longer the time of acquisition the higher the mark and rank. The interobserver agreement in ranking was 100% with kappa coefficient of 1.00 (95% CI [0.83-1.0]). The general intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.945 (95% CI [0,936-0,952]). Only the series with 2 min and 1.5 min acquisition time were appropriate for assessment (mean mark ≥7). In phantom studies there was a linear correlation between time per bed, administered activity and number of total prompts detected by a scanner. Hence, reduction of acquisition time of 25% (from 2 min to 1.5 min) could be directly translated into a 25% dose reduction (from 3.0 to 2.25 MBq/kg).Conclusions: In patients with HL, 18F-FDG dose can be reduced by up to 25% when using a BGO crystal camera, without substantial impact on image quality.
COVID-19 Life Events Spill-Over on Family Functioning and Adolescent Adjustment
Authors: Hussong Andrea , Midgette Allegra , Richards Adrianna , Petrie Rachel , Coffman Jennifer , Thomas Taylor
Published: October 2020

In this longitudinal study, we examined parent and youth perceptions of how life events, both positive and negative, associated with the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in changes in family functioning as well as youth functioning. We tested both direct effects of parent- and youth-reported negative and positive events as well as indirect or spillover effects that have their effects on parent functioning and marital relationships. Families (n=101 parent-youth dyads, 80% European American, 48% boys, and 87% mothers) completed surveys during the pandemic (May to July 2020) and 1.5 years prior. We conducted multivariate path analyses predicting residualized change in family and youth functioning. According to child-report of family functioning, open family communication, parent-child relationship quality and family satisfaction all decreased during this time, although no changes were found in parent-report of family functioning. Several forms of parent-reported negative life events and child-reports of school-related stress during the pandemic predicted changes in family functioning. Moreover, positive life events predicted child reports of family functioning directly and evidence for spill-over effects of parent-reported positive life events on family functioning were also found. In addition, the receipt of social support by parents during the pandemic protected against decrements in family functioning and, indirectly, increases in child symptomatology. School-related stress also predicted increases in child-reported symptomatology. Moreover, several aspects of family functioning pre-pandemic impacted the extent to which parents and children experienced both positive and negative life events during the pandemic. The current findings thus shed light on how experiences of the pandemic are linked with family functioning and have implications for how to support families during this time.
Role Of Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems In Antimicrobial Resistance Of Gram-Negative Pathogens
Authors: Raczkowska Adrianna , Jaworska Karolina , Wyrożemski Łukasz , Brzostek Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

Two-component signal transduction systems composed of histidine sensor kinase and response regulator are involved in adaptive response of pathogenic bacteria to environmental signals by regulating gene expression involved in many physiological processes, bacterial virulence, and antibiotic resistance (antibacterial compounds). Antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. The paper describes a signal transduction mechanism based on phosphotransfer, functioning in two-component systems and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance governed by these systems. Several signal transduction pathways associated with resistance to antibacterial compounds and functioning in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Aeromonas, Salmonella and Yersinia spp. have been characterized (PhoP-PhoQ, PmrA-PmrB, ParR-ParS, CzcR-CzcS, CopR-CopS, PprB-PprA, CbrB-CbrA, BlrA-BlrB and OmpR-EnvZ systems). Their role in modifying the bacterial cell surface, limiting the inflow or increasing the drug efflux from the cell, producing antibiotic-degrading enzymes or the biofilm formation is presented.

1. Introduction. 2. Mechanism of action of two-component regulatory systems. 2.1. Histidine sensor kinases. 2.2. Response regulators. 2.3. Signal transduction in two-component systems. 3. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance controlled by two-component signal transduction systems. 3.1. Cell surface modification. 3.2. Regulation of drug inflow and outflow. 3.3. Regulation of the level of enzymes modifying/inactivating antibiotics. 3.4. Other alternative forms of resistance. 4. Characteristics of two-component signal transduction systems modulating resistance to antibacterial compounds in selected Gram-negative bacteria. 4.1. PhoP-PhoQ and PmrA-PmrB systems. 4.2. ParR-ParS system. 4.3. CzcR-CzcS and CopR-CopS systems. 4.4. PprB-PprA system. 4.5. CbrB-CbrA system. 4.6. BlrA-BlrB system. 4.7. OmpR-EnvZ system. 5. Summary
THE INFLUENCE OF MILK-CLOTTING ENZYMES ON THE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PIZZA-CHEESES
Authors: Myagkonosov D. S. , Mordvinova V. A. , Delitskaya I. N. , Abramov D. V. , Ovchinnikova E. G.
Published: October 2020

The effect of the type and dose of milk-clotting enzymes (Chy-max® M based on recombinant camel chymosin, Fromase® TL based on Rhizomucor miehei protease) on the physicochemical, functional properties and shelf life of pizza-cheeses was studied. When using a low dose of milk-clotting enzymes (MCE) for milk coagulation (250–1100 IMCU per 100 kg of milk), cheeses were obtained with an increased moisture content (55–57%), excessive acidity (pH 4.8–4.9) and texture defects (incoherent, crumbly, with separation of free moisture). This is due to the formation of a weak curd, which releases moisture poorly during processing. The use of an increased dose of MCE makes it possible to obtain a denser curd, better releasing moisture. Cheese produced with a high dose of milk-clotting enzymes (2000–2800 IMCU per 100 kg of milk) had a lower moisture content (52–53%) and lower acidity (pH 5.0–5.1). The protein matrix is more hydrated in these cheeses, which ensures its better water holding capacity and a more homogeneous and cohesive texture. The use of an increased dose of MCE with a high total proteolytic activity (Fromase) gives undesirable consequences in the form of accelerated proteolysis of cheese mass proteins, rapid loss of functional properties of the cheese, and a decrease in the shelf life of cheese (less than 60 days). Cheese production using an increased dose of MCE with a low level of total proteolytic activity (Chy-max M) allows achieving a low level of proteolysis during cheese ripening and increasing its shelf life.
RETURNABLE BAKING WASTE — A NEW TYPE OF RAW MATERIALS FOR DISTILLATES PRODUCTION (PART II. STAGE OF RAW MATERIALS PREPARATION FOR DISTILLATION)
Authors: Krikunova L. N. , Dubinina E. V.
Published: October 2020

The processes that take place upon saccharified wort obtaining from the returnable baking waste and its fermentation was the research subject of this work. The development of operational parameters at the stage of returnable baking waste preparation for distillation, which provides a high-quality product is the purpose of the work. The samples of saccharified and fermented wort obtained from various bread and bakery products types produced by large enterprises in Moscow were the objects of the study. To characterize the composition of saccharified and fermented wort, the indicators to assess the quality of the wort from grain raw materials were used. The mass concentration of individual sugars in the wort was determined using high performance liquid chromatography on an Agilent Technologies 1200 Series device. The qualitative composition and volatile components concentration in the fermented wort was determined using gas chromatography on a Thermo Trace GC Ultra device. It was established that the percentage of solids transition to a soluble state does not depend on a returnable waste type and is in the range from 87.6% to 90.7%, and the starch transition to a soluble state, on the contrary, is determined by the processed raw materials type. It is shown that the use of rye-wheat bread after its preliminary enzymatic treatment with thinning and cytolytic drugs in a mixture with wheat bread in a ratio of 1÷1 to 1÷2 can improve the wort rheological characteristics and transfer from 98.1% to 99.3% starch of raw materials in a soluble state. It has been shown that for the efficient process of saccharified wort fermentation from returnable baking waste, the Fermiol and Turbo‑24 alcohol yeast races are most suitable, which ensure a high yield of ethanol and an optimal composition of volatile components in the fermented wort.
Stock Market Reaction to Indonesia Presidential and Legislative Election
Authors: Listyaningsih Erna , Sariningsih Eka , Mudrikah Ritali
Published: October 2020

The research investigated the reaction to Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) stocks around the Indonesia Presidential and Legislative Election in 2019. It was the first time that the election of the president and legislative assembly was held on the same day in Indonesia. The sample used was 30 stocks of JII. The event study methodology was conducted on this issue. The results show a significant positive abnormal return on the tenth day before the event and the seventh day after the event. From the liquidity, it is found that this event has a strong effect on Trading Volume Activity (TVA) of JII stocks surrounding the event. Additionally, another liquidity proxy, namely bid-ask spread, has the same result by experiencing a significant positive difference before and after the event. These results indicate that the information on the event is sufficient to influence the price, TVA, and size of the bid-ask spread of JII stock.
Reducing Water Contamination to Ensure the Quality and Safety of Food Products
Authors: Ivetich Marco , Gorelkina Alena
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Chemical factor presupposes substances that enter the finished product and reduce its quality. Water used in production process can be a source of such substances. The domestic drinking water supply system may contain various contaminants that possess toxic and carcinogenic properties and can affect the quality characteristics of food products. Study objects and methods. The research featured popular water pollutants found in the drinking water supply system, components of fruit and whey beverages, and the process of adsorption extraction of the contaminants by various sorbents. Results and discussion. The paper focuses on the effect of water contamination as a dangerous chemical factor on the quality of restored whey products. The study revealed the effect of organic water pollutants on the formulation components of reduced fruit and whey beverages, including interaction with proteins, lactose, and vitamins of the reduced whey. The research also featured such components of fruit and whey vitamin beverages as anthocyanins, catechins, leucoanthocyanins, and karatine, as well as additives introduced to regulate the sensory properties and improve shelf life. The paper introduces a new method for reducing water contamination based on adsorption processes for extracting organic compounds from aqueous solutions. It describes the specifics, patterns, and mechanisms of adsorption. Activated carbons of SKD-515, AG-OV-1, and AG-3 brands proved to have the best adsorption capacity for both chloroform and trichloroethylene, which makes it possible to recommend them for further research and practical use. A study of the kinetic and dynamic characteristics of the process resulted in the optimal parameters of adsorption columns and operation modes of the adsorption filter. A production flowchart describes the introduction of the adsorption posttreatment stage in the technological process of producing fruit and whey beverages. Conclusion. The proposed method of water decontamination partially reduced the chemical factor and improved the quality of the finished products.
Effect of Biodegradable and Polypropylene Film Packaging on the Safety Profile of Jelly Marmalade
Authors: Pesterev Mikhail , Rudenko Oxana , Kondratev Nikolay , Bazhenova Alla , Usachev Ivan
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Waste management and poorly degradable polymer packaging are one of the main environmental issues. Biodegradable materials based on a composition of native and modified starches can solve the problem of polymer waste in food packaging. They are environmentally friendly and harmless during decomposition. However, the barrier properties of biodegradable films still remain understudied.

Study objects and methods. The research featured the safety profile of gelatinous confectionery products during storage in biodegradable and polypropylene films. It focused on moisture transfer and microbiota growth in glazed jelly marmalade. The first sample was wrapped in oriented polypropylene film (40 microns), while the other sample was packaged in a biodegradable film (50 microns). A set of experiments was conducted to measure the mass fraction of moisture, water activity, fatty acid composition of the fat fraction of the glaze, active acidity, microbiological parameters, and lipase activity during storage.

Results and discussion. The activity of water during storage remained the same. The specific rate of moisture transfer for the polypropylene film sample was approximately 1.4 times higher than for the biodegradable sample. It equaled 1.16×10–6 g/m2·s for the polypropylene film sample and 0.83×10–6 g/m2·s for the biodegradable sample. The dynamics of growth of QMAFAnM, mold, and yeast was the same in both samples; it did not exceed the regulated indicators of microbiological safety after 12 weeks of storage. The lipase activity of the glazed marmalade samples packed in the polymer film did not increase during storage. Replacing the polypropylene film with a biodegradable film did not significantly affect the safety profile of confectionery products.

Conclusion. Research results confirmed the possibility of using a biodegradable film for packaging confectionery products.
Акцепторное легирование мышьяком при осаждении слоев CdTe из диметилкадмия и диизопропилтеллура
Authors: Евстигнеев В.С. , Чилясов А.В. , Моисеев А.Н. , Морозов С.В. , Курицын Д.И.
Published: October 2020

The incorporation and activation of arsenic from tris(dimethylamino)arsine in CdTe layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with dimethylcadmium and diisopropyltellurium on GaAs substrates are investigated. Arsenic incorporation into CdTe to depend on the crystallographic orientation of the layers and increases in the order (111)B<(100)<(310). Arsenic concentration in the CdTe layers is proportional to the tris(dimethylamino)arsine flow rate to the power of 1.4 and an increase with decrease of the diisopropyltellurium/dimethylcadmium ratio from 1.4 to 0.5. The as-grown CdTe:As layers had p-type conductivity with arsenic and hole concentrations of 1·1017–7·1018 and 2.7·1014–4.6·1015 cm–3, respectively, but the arsenic activation efficiency not exceeding 0.3%. After annealing in argon flow (250–450 ° C) the highest hole concentration and arsenic activation efficiency were 1·1017 cm–3 and ~4.5 % respectively. The ionization energy of arsenic determined from the temperature dependence of the hole concentration was in the range of 98–124 meV. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectra of the layers showed an emission peak with energy of 1.51 eV, which can be attributed to donor-acceptor recombination, where the acceptor is AsTe with ionization energy about 90 meV.
Квантово-размерный эффект в кремниевых нанокристаллах при их растворении в модельных биологических жидкостях
Authors: Гонгальский М.Б. , Цурикова У.А. , Гончар К.А. , Гвинджилия Г.З. , Осминкина Л.А.
Published: October 2020

In present work, we studied the mechanisms of dissolution of porous silicon nanoparticles (PSi NPs) during their incubation in model liquids, i.e. water and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37 С. The methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used. According to TEM images, PSi NPs consist of silicon nanocrystals (nc-Si) 2-10 nm in size and pores. It is shown that incubation of PSi NPs in water leads to enhancement of their PL, accompanied by a slight decrease in the size of nc-Si, which is associated with the passivation of defects and stabilization of the oxide shell of nanocrystals. During incubation in PBS, a significant quenching of PL and disappearance Raman signal of the PSi NPs took place. That indicates rapid dissolution of PSi NPs. We presented phenomenological model describing how quantum-confinement effect affects properties of nc-Si during their dissolution.
Исследование нелегированных нанокристаллических алмазных пленок, выращенных из газовой фазы в плазме СВЧ разряда
Authors: Вихарев А.Л. , Богданов С.А. , Овечкин Н.М. , Иванов О.А. , Радищев Д.Б. , Горбачев А.М. , Лобаев М.А. , Вуль А.Я. , Дидейкин А.Т. , Краев С.А. , Королев С.А.
Published: October 2020

Undoped nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films less than 1 μm thick grown on Si (100) silicon by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition at a frequency of 2.45 GHz are studied. To obtain diamond dielectric films with maximum resistivity the deposition of films in three gas mixtures is investigated: hydrogen-methane mixture, hydrogen-methane mixture with the addition of oxygen and hydrogen-methane mixture with the addition of an inert gas. A relationship has been established between the growth conditions, structural and electrical properties of NCD films. It is shown that for the use of NCD films as effective dielectrics preliminary high-temperature annealing of the films is required, for example, in vacuum at a temperature of 600°C for one hour.
Влияние электрон-фононного взаимодействия и облучения γ-квантами на обратные токи кремниевых фотодиодов
Authors: Булярский С.В. , Лакалин А.В. , Сауров М.А.
Published: October 2020

Исследованы вольт-амперные характеристики кремниевых фотодиодов до и после облучения γ-квантами энергией 1.25 МэВ и дозой облучения 0.5 МРад. Установлено, что обратные токи определяются механизмом Пула--Френкеля в сильном электрическом поле с влиянием электрон-фононного взаимодействия. Разработана методика и рассчитаны параметры электрон-фононного взаимодействия, описываемого конфигурационной однокоординатной моделью, из обратных вольт-амперных характеристик. Сделано предположение, что в результате облучения γ-квантами образуются центры дивакансии кремния с кислородом, которые и определяют обратные токи фотодиодов. Ключевые слова: обратная вольт-амперная характеристика, эффект Пула--Френкеля, электрон-фононное взаимодействие, облучение γ-квантами, центры дивакансии кремния с кислородом.
Структурно-спектроскопические исследования эпитаксиальных слоев GaAs, выращенных на податливых подложках на основе сверхструктурного слоя и протопористого кремния
Authors: Середин П.В. , Голощапов Д.Л. , Худяков Ю.Ю. , Арсентьев И.Н. , Николаев Д.Н. , Пихтин Н.А. , Слипченко С.О. , Leiste Harald
Published: October 2020

Цель работы заключалась в исследовании влияния нового типа податливых подложек на основе сверхструктурного слоя (SL) AlGaAs и слоя протопористого кремния (proto-Si), сформированного на c-Si, на практическую реализацию и особенности эпитаксиального роста слоя GaAs в методе MOCVD. Впервые показано, что низкотемпературный рост эпитаксиальных пленок GaAs высокого кристаллического качества может быть реализован за счет использования податливых подложек SL/proto-Si. Введение SL в состав податливой подложки в дополнение к proto-Si позволяет нивелировать ряд негативных эффектов низкотемпературного роста, снизить уровень напряжений в эпитаксиальном слое, защитить от автолегирования атомами кремния, сократить число технологических операций по росту переходных буферных слоев, улучшить структурные и морфологические характеристики эпитаксиального слоя. Ключевые слова: GaAs, Si, por-Si, сверхструктурный слой.