bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of hand hygiene among parents of preschool children
Authors:   Department of Basic Science II, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mohamed Nurul A , Amin Nur N Zulkifli ,   Department of Basic Science II, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ramli Shalinawati ,   Department of Basic Science II, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Isahak Ilina ,   Department of Basic Science II, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Salleh Nooriah Mohamed ,   Department of Basic Science II, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: May 2022

Background- Infections spread easily among children in nurseries due to overcrowding and their natural intimacy. Disease transmission via skin (particularly hand) contact is preventable through proper hand hygiene and good sanitation. Parental support and involvement in developing child’s hygienic behavior are essential in promoting child’s well being. This study aimed to determine knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents on hand hygiene, related to the care of their children. Methods- This cross-sectional study involved 240 parents of preschoolers in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Participants were given self-administered questionnaires consisting statements related to personal hand hygiene, hand hygiene practices during childcare and infections related to poor hand hygiene. Results- The mean score for knowledge of hand hygiene was 2.72(SD 0.26) out of 3.00.Meanwhile, the mean score for attitude and practice of hand hygiene were 4.56(SD 0.58) out of 5.00 and 4.36 (SD 0.65) out of 5.00 respectively. Overall results showed that majority of parents had a good understanding of hand hygiene. However, about two thirds parents did not agree on washing hands before interacting with their children. Of concern, about 76% parents are unaware of correct hand washing techniques. Conclusions- This study highlighted the need for more comprehensive educational programs to create awareness regarding the importance of hand hygiene particularly among parents and children. This is very important for prevention of communicable diseases in the community.
Possible use of Ocimum basillicum Linn. seed mucilage as release retardant
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, VJSM’S Institute of Pharmacy, Ale, Pune, Maharashtra, India, Sawant Shubhangi E. , Gaikwad Dushyant D. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, VJSM’S Institute of Pharmacy, Ale, Pune, Maharashtra, India, Thorat Rupali M. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, VJSM’S Institute of Pharmacy, Ale, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Published: May 2022

Various hydrophilic polymers such as methylcellulose, PEGs, HPMC are used in formulation of sustain release preparations but the high cost of synthetic polymers and environmental pollution by chemical industry has made the scientist in developing country to enter into an era where plant products serves as alternative to synthetic products because of local accessibility, environmentally friendly nature, lower prices and non toxic compared to imported synthetic products. Today we have number of pharmaceutical excipients from natural world such as guar gum, tragacanth, xanthan gum which are used to formulate oral sustained release formulations. The present study was undertaken to study the natural polymer and explore its use as a release retardant. Various methods for extraction of polymer were developed and the yield by the microwave assisted extraction was found to be 31.46%. The polymer was evaluated for various parameters as per Indian Pharmacopoeia. The loss on drying, ash value, solubility, swelling index were well within the official limits. The release retardant property of separated mucilage was determined successfully by using polymer and calcium phosphate dibasic in 3:1 proportion using 2 % HPMC in 70 % alcohol as binder..
Prescribing pattern of acid suppressant drugs in current clinical practice
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy Practice, N.E.T Pharmacy College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India, Jha Krishna Kumar , Divya P. ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, N.E.T Pharmacy College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India, Swetha V. ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, N.E.T Pharmacy College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India, Reddy Vishnuvardhan ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, N.E.T Pharmacy College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India, KM Binu ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, N.E.T Pharmacy College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India, Doddayya H. ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, N.E.T Pharmacy College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India
Published: May 2022

The most prevailing disease in most of the countries is gastric related problems for which majority of the population prefer acid suppressant agents. The commonest indication for which physicians prescribed acid suppressant drugs are gastro-esophageal reflux disease followed by Dyspepsia followed by peptic ulcer disease followed by with Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and with other drugs. A prospective observational study was conducted to identify and evaluate the appropriateness of acid suppressant drugs in hospitalized patients and also to identify the reason for its use. Case sheets of patients who were prescribed with acid suppressant drugs were included in the study. In the population of 400 patients male (55.75%) were found more than female (44.25%) patients. Most of these drugs were prescribed in the age group of 51-60 years (28%). The Majority of patients on acid suppressant drug therapy suffered from fever (21%). The majority of patients were prescribed with H2 receptor antagonist (49.25%) followed by proton pump inhibitors alone (21.75%) as well as a combination of both (20.25%). Most of the patients received only one (72.75%) than two ASDs (25.55%) in a dosage forms such as injection (52.5%) and tablet (22.75%) respectively. This study found overuse and underuse of acid suppressant drugs in study hospital. The study highlighted the need for a local protocol for rational use of these agents in current clinical practice.
Development and validation of a radical scavenging antioxidant assay using potassium permanganate
Authors:   Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Amponsah Isaac Kingsley , Orman Emmanuel ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Mensah Abraham Yeboah ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Sarpong Francis Mainoo ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana, Armah Francis Ackah ,   Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana, Sarpong Linda Mensah ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Published: May 2022

The main objective of the study was to develop and validate a novel radical scavenging antioxidant assay using KMnO4. In this method tannic acid at concentration 6.25 μg/ml – 200 μg/ml was used as the standard antioxidant. KMnO4 solution (80.00 μg/L) in phosphate buffer (pH= 9) was developed as the prooxidant. Absorbances of KMnO4 both in the presence and absence of the antioxidant were taken spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 526 nm after 30 minutes incubation period. The results obtained were then compared to results from reference method which employs 40.00 μg/L DPPH in methanol prepared and subjected to similar experimental conditions. The results showed that KMnO4 solution prepared in a phosphate buffer (pH= 9), was most stable and had the highest molar absorptivity. The method developed was precise, accurate and specific. The method developed passed all the validation parameters according to the ICH guidelines. This offers a new antioxidant method that is relatively cheap and safe to use.
Potential of Millets: Nutrients Composition and Health Benefits
Authors:   Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Home Science, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan-304022, India, Sarita  , Singh Ekta ,   Associate Professor; Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Home Science, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan304022, India
Published: May 2022

Millet grains have substantial benefits as a draught resistant crop, yield good productivity in the areas with water scarcity, possesses remarkable edible & nutritive values, and ease of processing & food manufacturing. Agriculture & Food security policymakers of developing countries should give due attention in promoting the research work & projects for studying the processing, food manufacturing, improvement in nutritive values and potential health benefits of the millet grains to promote their utilization as food in respective countries. Most of the developing countries have already started working in the field of improvement of edible potential of millet grains. Millet oil could be a good source of linoleic acid and tocopherols. Millet is an alkaline forming grain that is gluten-free. Millets are also rich sources of phytochemicals and micronutrients, play many roles in the body immune system. Millets have nutraceutical properties in the form of antioxidants which prevent deterioration of human health such as lowering blood pressure, risk of heart disease, prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, decreasing tumor cases etc. Other health benefits are increasing the time span of gastric emptying, provides roughage to gastro intestine. Millet is an alkaline forming food. Alkaline based diet is often recommended to achieve optimal health. In developing country, cereal-based foods have low bioavailability of minerals like iron, zinc initiate critical problem for infants and young children. Food processing techniques are used to enhance nutritional quality, improve the digestibility and bioavailability of food nutrients with reducing anti-nutrients. This study undertakes to concern and developing specific agenda for these crops which must be recognized as an important food and introduce the millets as a nutritious food, fulfillment of the nutritional need of global population and combat malnutrition.
A critical review on production of biodiesel from various feedstock
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Automobile Engineering, Rustam Ji Institute of Technology, Tekanpur, Gwalior (M. P.)- 475005, India, Verma Deepak , Raj Janmit ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Automobile Engineering, Rustam Ji Institute of Technology, Tekanpur, Gwalior (M. P.)- 475005, India, Pal Amit ,   Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi- 110042, India, Jain Manish ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Automobile Engineering, Rustam Ji Institute of Technology, Tekanpur, Gwalior (M. P.)- 475005, India
Published: May 2022

Biodiesel fuel produced by alcoholysis of edible, non-edible and waste cooking oil is viewed as a promising renewable fuel source. Diminishing petroleum reserves and increasing environmental regulations have made the search for renewable fuel. This paper focuses on review of a work carried out by researchers in the field of production of biodiesel from different types of oil. The raw oil used by researchers for production of biodiesel first briefly summarized followed by a description of biodiesel production method applied and yield percentage, FFA content, molar ratio and the reaction time of the biodiesel produced from the raw oil. The review is divided into three categories viz. production of biodiesel from edible oil, non-edible oil and waste cooking oil. This review paper contains the work of past researchers published between 2005 and 2015.
Design of optimal controllers for a three tank proces
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, K.L.N.College of Engineering, Sivagangai, Pottapalayam, Tamil Nadu-630612, India, Nagammai S. , Latha S. ,   Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai Madurai, Tamil Nadu-625015, India
Published: May 2022

A typical three tank process has the difficulty in controller design because of assumed non linear flow and interaction between tanks. This paper deals with design methodology of full state feedback (FSFB) controller and linear quadratic controller (LQC) with pre compensator. The performance of proposed controllers is compared with Zeigler-Nichols (ZN) tuned proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) controller for servo and regulatory response. The FSFB controller with pre compensator yields better performance compared to other controllers. The transient response specifications and performance indices are compared and which indicates the efficacy of FSFB controller over LQC. The stability analysis is carried out using the vector gain margin (VGM) index and it is evident that VGM lies well within the range for LQC than FSFB controller
A Comparative study on pytoconstitutents of Punica granatum flowers of Normal and Ornamental variety using TLC/HPTLC methods
Authors:   Consultant (Microbiology), Captain Srinivasa Murti Research Institute for Ayurveda and Siddha Drug Development, Arumbakkam, Chennai-600106, Tamil Nadu, India, Paramashivam Meera Devi Sri , Duraisamy Ramasamy ,   Assistant Professor, PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Govt. Arts College, Ariyalur621713, Tamil Nadu, India, C Arul Vasu ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600025, Tamil Nadu, India, R Ilavarasan ,   Assistant Director In-Charge, Captain Srinivasa Murti Research Institute for Ayurveda and Siddha Drug Development, Arumbakkam, Chennai-600106, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: May 2022

Punica granatum is a shrub that has a bushy appearance, have a good n umber of varieties, cultivated either as commercial crop for the production of pomegranates or as an ornamental crop for its beautiful flo wers. Among the ornamental crop of Punica granatum, the “Double flower” producing plant gains much significant value as it is used in Unani drug un der the name of Gulnar for treating many ailments. The present study was aimed to investigate and compare the phytoconstitutents present in both the flowers using TLC and HP TLC methods. The normal and double flo wers of P. granatum were extracted with chloroform and alcohol separately using soxhlet apparatus. The TLC and HPTLC finger print profile of the extracts with marker compounds were studied using HPTLC Instrument, CAMAG (Switzerland). The TLC and HPTLC profile of chloroform and alcohol extract of normal and double flowers of P. granatum were exploited. The compound gallic acid and ethyl gallate, chromatographed together served as marker compound. The results revealed th e similar and different phytoconstituents of both the flowers. The TLC and HPTLC finger print chromatograms not only demonstrates the similarities and differences bet ween the flowers but also sho ws the presence of tested marker compounds gallic acid and ethyl gallate in alcohol extracts of both the flower types apart from acting as a quality control tool.
Wear resistance properties of the commercial acrylic based artificial teeth
Authors:   National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Akhtar Khalida , Haq Ikram Ul ,   National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Muhammad Nawshad ,   National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Ikram Saira ,   National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Shah S. Sajjad Ali ,   National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Published: May 2022

Wear resistance properties of different brands of commercially available acrylic based artificial teeth were carried out in the presence of artificial saliva at the body normal temperature (37 oC) under the applied load of 64N by using pin-on-disc tribometer, fabricated in our laboratory. All the tested samples showed different values of the wear resistance property. Att empts were made to correlate wear resistance properties of these teeth with cost of the teeth. This study gave us some indication that the teeth with high price showed better performance, with the exception of the teeth brand 1 (brand name- Welbite), which sho wed good performance despite of their low price. The variation in wear resistance performance of these teeth was in fact attributed to the variation in quality of the teeth precursor material, properties of the filler particles, blending/ molding process of the finished product, etc.
Sonographic evaluation of gallbladder dimension in healthy adults of a South-Eastern Nigerian population
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Ebonyi, State University, A 343, Abakaliki, Nigeria, Ewunonu E.O.
Published: May 2022

The study was carried out to evaluate the gallbladder dimension in healthy adults of Abakaliki Area of Ebonyi State, South-Eastern Nigeria. Sixty healthy adult volunteers, consisting of thirty one (31) males and t wenty nine (29) females were assessed by ultrasound followin g an overnight fast. They were students and staff of Ebonyi State University and their age varied from 18 – 41 years. Gallbladder Len gth, Width, Height, Wall Thickness and anthropometric variables (Body Height and Weight) were measured for each subject . Gallbladder volume was calculated by the ellipsoid formula. The result shows the mean values of the parameters as follows: Weight 63.2 ± 8.15 kg, Height 1.68 ± 0.07 m, BMI 22.6 ± 2.85 kg/m2, Gallbladder Wall Thickness 0.28 ± 0.06 cm, Gallbladder Width 3.33 ± 0.92 cm, Gallbladder Height 2.71 ± 0.79 cm, Gallbladder Length 5.54 ± 0.53cm and Gallbladder Volume 19.78 ± 9.63 cm3. The study is relevant for medical advice an d reference purposes.
Gaussian mixture model: An application to parameter estimation and medical image classification
Authors:   Department of EEE, PPG Institute Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641035, Tamil Nadu, India, Bhuvaneswari M.
Published: May 2022

Gaussian mixture model based parameter estimation and classification has recently received great attention in modelling and processin g data. Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is the probabilistic model for representing the presence of subpopulations and it works well with the classification and parameter estimation strategy. Here in this work Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) based on Expectation Maximization (EM) is being used for the parameter estimation approach and the estimated parameters are being used for the training and the testing of the images for their normality and the abnormality. With the mean and the covariance calculated as the parameters they are used in the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based training of the classifier. Support Vector Machine a discriminative classifier and the Gaussian Mixture Model a generative model classifier are the two most popular techniques. The performance of the classification strategy of both the classifiers used has a better proficiency when compared to the other classifiers. By combining the SVM and GMM we co uld be able to classify at a better level since estimating the parameters through the GMM has a very few amount of features and hence it is not needed to use any of the feature reduction techniques. In this the GMM classifier and the SVM classifier are trained usin g the parameters and they are to be compared.
Study on pyridazinone derivative MCI-154 as a cardiotonic agent
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, GRD (PG) IMT, Dehradun-248009, Uttarakhand, India, Asif Mohammad
Published: May 2022

The effect of a cardiotonic agent, MCI-154, 6-[4-(4’-pyridylamino)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone hydrochloride trihydrate, is a Ca2+ sensitizer on the contractile properties and adenosine triphosphatase ATPase activity on skeletal muscle fibers. As in cardiac m uscle, MCI-154 potentiated isometric tension and improved isometric tension cost at full Ca2+ activation. However, MCI-154 decreased all the kinetic parameters. The MCI-154 improves not only cardiac systolic function but also diastolic relaxation in CHF. The possible mechanisms are Ca2+ transient and cell shortening in ventricular myocytes and also L-type Ca2+ current and Na+/Ca2+ exchange current. The MCI-154 exhibited hemodynamic, inotropic, mechano-energetic and oxidative metabolic effects.
Evaluation of single epidural bolus dose of magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to fentanyl for postoperative analgesia in total knee replacement surgery
Authors:   Post Graduate, Department of Anaesthesia & Critical Care, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India, Wani Zara , Harkawat Dev Kumar ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesia & Critical Care, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India, Sharma Meenaxi ,   Professor and Head, Department of Anaesthesia & Critical Care, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India
Published: May 2022

Background: Magnesium has antinociceptive effects in animal and human models of pain. Magnesium has been used as an adjuvant by various routes, including intravenous, intrathecal and epidural in different dosage regimens. Forty patients undergoing Total Knee Replacement surgery were enrolled to receive either fentanyl (Group F) or fentanyl plus magnesium sulphate (Group FM) post operatively for epidural analgesia. Ventilatory frequency, heart rate, blood pressure, pain assessment using a visual analogue scale (VAS), sedation scores and fentanyl consumption were recorded in the postoperative period. This is a prospective, randomized, controlled study designed to assess the efficacy of single bolus administration of Magnesium epidurally as an adjuvant to epidural fentanyl for postoperative analgesia taken in National Institute of Medical Science, Jaipur. Materials and Methods: 40 Patients of ASA grade I and II aged 20 to 60 years of either gender undergoing Total Knee replacement surgery enrolled in study received combined spinal epidural anaesthesia with 4 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally. After surgery patients were randomized into group F (epidural fentanyl 50µg in 10ml saline) and Group FM (epidural magnesium 75 mg along with fentanyl 50µg in 10 ml saline). Rescue analgesic is provided by Intravenous Tramadol if VAS score >4. Patient’s first analgesic requirement time and duration of analgesia were recorded. The groups were similar with respect to haemodynamic and respiratory variables, sedation, pruritis, and nausea. Co-administration of magnesium for postoperative epidural analgesia results in a reduction in fentanyl consumption without any side-effects. Result: Magnesium, the fourth most common cation in the body, has postsynaptic N-methyl Daspartate (NMDA) calcium channel blocker properties, and has been used successfully to potentiate opioid analgesia and to treat neuropathic pain. The duration of analgesia was significantly longer for Group FM compared to Group F. The frequency of rescue analgesics required in postoperative period in group FM was significantly less than that in Group F. Conclusion: The administration of magnesium as an adjuvant to epidural fentanyl for postoperative analgesia results in significantly lower VAS with prolonged duration of analgesia as compared to epidural fentanyl alone. Thus, Epidural magnesium was found to reduce the use of postoperative analgesia without increases in side.
A study on knowledge regarding sibling rivalry in children among mothers in selected hospital at Mangaluru
Authors:   Nursing Students, Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya University, Derelakatte, Mangalore-575018, Karnataka, India, Chaulagain Susma , Soujanya PU ,   Nursing Students, Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya University, Derelakatte, Mangalore-575018, Karnataka, India, Moras Sonia Maria ,   Nursing Students, Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya University, Derelakatte, Mangalore-575018, Karnataka, India, Aranha Priya Reshma ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Child Health Nursing, Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya University, Derelakatte, Mangalore-575018, Karnataka, India, Shetty Asha P ,   HOD, Department of Child Health Nursing, Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya University, Derelakatte, Mangalore-575018, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Sibling rivalry is a common problem faced by the parents in rearing their children. It usually starts after the birth of a second child. Sibling rivalry affects both children and parents. Parents play an important role in managing sibling rivalry in children. Therefore it is essential for the parents to have knowledge regarding sibling rivalry. Objectives: A study was carried out to determine the knowledge regarding sibling rivalry in children among mothers and to find the association between the knowledge scores with the selected demographic variables of mothers. Materials and method: A descriptive survey approach was used to assess the knowledge of mothers regarding sibling rivalry in a selected hospital of Mangaluru. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 100 mothers. Data was gathered using the structured knowledge questionnaire on sibling rivalry. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study result showed that 50% of mothers had inadequate knowledge and remaining 50% had moderately adequate knowledge regarding sibling rivalry. There was no significant association found between the knowledge scores and the selected demographic variables of the mothers. Conclusion: The study concluded that half of the study sample had inadequate knowledge and the other half had moderately adequate knowledge on sibling rivalry.
Assessment of bioequivalence profile of locally produced flucloxacillin sodium capsules via urinary excretory rates
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Ayensu Isaac , Doe Erwin ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Brobbey Abena Amponsaa ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Adosraku Reimmel ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Published: May 2022

The assessment of pharmacokinetic parameters constitutes the basic approach to determining bioequivalence of pharmaceutical products in order to ensure safety, efficacy and potency of the administered drug. This study has examined a locally manufactured flucloxacillin (FLUXACIN 500) and the reference product (FLUCLOXACILLIN 500mg CAPSULES) for therapeutic equivalence in a cross–over non–replicate bioequivalence study using urinary excretion data. The study was conducted with twelve consenting healthy male volunteers in a fasting state using single–dose, randomized, two–period, two–treatment cross over study design. A seven-day washout period was allowed between treatments. Urine specimen collected were analysed by means of HPLC with UV detection while pharmacokinetic parameters were analysed using Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet 2013. fFluxacin 500 reached a maximum excretion rate at an average time of 1.42 hours while flucloxacillin 500 mg reached its maximum excretion rate at an average time of 1 hour. There was no statistical significant difference between the two times. The 90% Confidence Interval of the ratio of the Area under the Excretion Rate–time Curve of fluxacin 500 to flucloxacillin 500 mg was 96.20% to 101.24% while those of the Cumulative Amount of flucloxacillin excreted, and the Rate of Maximum Excretion were 102.92% to 116.85% and 72.59% to 94.61% respectively. Fluxacin 500 demonstrated bioequivalence relationship with flucloxacillin for all the four parameters: Maximal Rate of Excretion, Area under Excretion Rate–Time Curve, Cumulative Amount Excreted and the Time for Maximum Excretion. The test and reference drugs are therefore interchangeable.
Pharmacognostic standards of Katphala (Myrica Nagi Hook.f.non-Thumb ); A potent bark drug used in Indian systems of medicine
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of PG studies in Dravyaguna, SDM College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udupi-574118, Karnataka, India, V Mallya Suma , Tanuja Nesari ,   Additional Director, Brahmarshi Charak Samsthan, NewDelhi, KN Sunil Kumar ,   Senior Research Officer, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Kuthpady, Udupi – 574118, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2022

Background: Katphala bark of Myrica nagi Hook.f.non-Thumb. is a potent drug used in Indian system of medicine at many therapeutic conditions. As the tree is grown only at northern parts of India, market sample found adulterated with many other bark samples. Hence standard authentication features are found necessary for proper identification of the raw drug. Materials and methods: Bark sample collected from Shimla, cleaned properly and authenticated. Macro-microscopic study, physico-chemical standards and preliminary phytochemical study of test drug carried out as per standard methodology. Results: Longitudinally and transversely fissured, rough bark piece were the naked eye observations made from the raw drug. Multi layered cork with a wide zone of secondary cortex are found as two distinct characteristics in TS bark. Polygonal parenchymatous cells filled with tannin, and stone cells in secondary cortex region and phloem in the inner bark region are other diagnostic microscopic features. Physico-chemical standards measured in this test can be used as measure of purity of this drug. Alcoholic extract of bark sample has shown the presence of alkaloids, protein, phenol and tannin as secondary moieties.
Effect of niosomes in the transdermal delivery of antidepressant sertraline hydrochloride
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamilnadu, India, Rajendran Vijaya
Published: May 2022

Objective: Sertraline hydrochloride is an antidepressant that undergoes hepatic first pass effect upon oral administration. Controlled delivery for prolonged period across skin is one of the solutions to improve its therapeutic efficacy. Here, niosomes has been used as a carrier for the transdermal transport of sertraline HCl. Material and Method: Sertraline HCl Niosomes were prepared by ether injection method using surfactants such as span 40(A), span 60(B) and span 80(C) along with cholesterol at a ratio of 1:1. Four different concentrations (200:200(Aa), 250:250(Ab), 300:300(Ac) & 350:350(Ad)) of surfactant and cholesterol were used for each surfactant. The niosomes were characterized in vitro for size and surface morphology by means of particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively. Encapsulation efficiency was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Sertraline HCl release and skin permeation studies were carried out using franz diffusion cell. At last, the optimized formulation was subjected to physical stability studies. Results: The SEM and size distribution analysis evidenced the formation of discrete, spherical niosomes. Higher encapsulation efficiency of 53.71%±3.2%, 51.18%±2.5% and 51.92%±2.7% were obtained for Ad, Bb and Bc respectively. A maximum sertraline HCl release of 70%±2.6% was obtained for Ad which showed a permeation of 2.71%±0.157% across mouse skin. A calculated 50.2%±0.9% of sertraline HCl was assumed to get accumulated in the skin layers and the niosomes were physically stable. Conclusion: Sertraline HCl niosome showed a slow and prolonged release of sertraline HCl through the mouse skin and thus holds promise for transdermal delivery.
Formulation and evaluation of herbal ointment containing Neem and Turmeric extract
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, VJSM’s Institute of Pharmacy, Ale, Pune, Maharashtra-412411, India, Sawant Shubhangi E. , Tajane Monali D. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, VJSM’s Institute of Pharmacy, Ale, Pune, Maharashtra-412411, India
Published: May 2022

Even in areas where modern medicine is available, the interest on herbal medicines and their utilization have been increasing rapidly in recent years. Plant derived substances and herbal medicines have recently attracted the great interest towards their versatile application, as medicinal plants are the richest source of bioactive compounds used in traditional and modern medicine. The present work is to formulate and evaluate the ointment of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract. The ethanolic extracts were prepared by using maceration method. The ointment base was prepared and formulation of ointment was done by incorporating the extract in the base by levigation method. After completion of formulation it was evaluated for its physicochemical parameters like colour, odour, pH , spreadability, extrudability, consistency, diffusion study, solubility, washability. Also the formulation was evaluated for its stability at various temperature conditions which shows no change in the irritancy, spreadability and diffusion study. Thus it could become a media to use the medicinal properties of Neem and Turmeric effectively and easily as a simple dosage form.
A conceptual review of properties of olive oil as per Ayurveda with special reference to Anukta Dravya
Authors:   Professor & HOD, Department of Swathsavrutta, Dr.D.Y.Patil Ayurveda college, Pimped, Pune, Maharashtra-411018, India, Kulkarni Medha , Dubewar A.P. ,   Professor & HOD, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaisjajya Kalpana, Dr.D.Y.Patil Ayurveda college, Pimped, Pune, Maharashtra-411018, India, Kutte Y.D. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Sharir Rachana, Dr.D.Y.Patil Ayurveda college, Pimped, Pune, Maharashtra-411018, India
Published: May 2022

Due to globalization world has come closer. Today means of communication has become very fast, incidentally people travel from one country to other frequently. They consume the food available in respective country. These food items consumed apart from India are not mentioned in Ancient Ayurvedic text. Hence they can be called as ANUKTA DRAVYAS. Present article is an attempt to study one such oil that is olive oil from the perspective of Ayurveda because these substances when consumed regularly must be having effect on the health of a person.
Medicinal properties, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Withania somnifera: an important drug of Unani Medicine
Authors:   Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India, Saiyed Amrin , Jahan Nasreen ,   Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India, Majeedi Sana Fatima ,   Department of Ilmul Qabalat wa Amraze Niswan, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India, Roqaiya Mariyam ,   Department of Ilmul Qabalat wa Amraze Niswan, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
Published: May 2022

Withania somnifera Dunal. is a well known Indian medicinal plant widely used in the treatment of many clinical conditions in India. It is an important drug commonly known as Asgand which has been used either single or in combination with other drugs in Unani as well as Ayurvedic system of medicine for centuries. Withania somnifera holds a place in Ayurveda similar to that of ginseng has in Chinese medicine. Asgand is commonly known as Indian ginseng or Indian winter cherry. It has been described by Dioscorides (78 AD) in his book “Kitab-ul-Hashaish”. The objective of this paper is to review the literature regarding Withania somnifera Dunal. The search was carried out through Unani classical books via library, ethno botanical literature, journals and electronic search. Asgand consists of the roots of Withania somnifera which has various therapeutic actions such as female disorders, cough, rheumatism and dropsy and as a sedative in case of senile debility. Chemical analysis of Asgand shows that it contains several alkaloids such as withsomine, withaferinA, withanolide A and withanolide D and various other constituents. Research studies have shown that it possesses anti-inflamma¬tory, anti-oxidative, antimicrobial, anti-anxiety, aphrodisiac, immunomodulation, anti-diabettic, anti-ulcer, anticancer, central nervous system depressant and hepatoprotective activities. An extensive review of ancient literature of Unani medicine revealed that the drug having numerous therapeutic action such as Muhallile warm (anti-inflammatory), Moallide mani (semen producer), Musakkin (sedative), Muqawwie aam (General tonic) and Muqawwie Bah (aphrodisiac). Keeping in view the medicinal properties of Withania somnifera Dunal (Asgand), an attempt has been made in this review paper to explore various dimensions of the drug including botanical, chemical and pharmacological studies of plant besides its traditional uses in Unani Medicine.
A Study of platelet volume indices in patients of coronary artery diseases
Authors:   Senior Resident in Medicine, Department of Medicine, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India, Sharma Deepshikha , Pandey Manju ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan303121, India, Rishi J. P ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Medicine, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan303121, India
Published: May 2022

O bjectives: 1. To investigate platelet indices in patients of Myocardial infarction, Unstable angina, and Stable angina. 2. To compare changes in platelet indices among Patients of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stable angina and normal population. Material and Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Medicine, NIMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan. To investigate the values of platelet indices MPV, PDW and platelet count with the view of exploring their use in predicting the possibility of impending events of coronary artery disease on 110 patients admitted in wards an d ICU under Department of Medicine and 110 controls who were the normal during the study period. Results: On comparing patients of coronary artery disease with control group it was found that MPV and PDW were raised and platelet counts decreased with a highly significant difference (p<0.001). Conclusion: Platelet morphology played an important role in thrombosis and this fact could be used therapeutically in future.
A study on use of antimicrobials in pediatric ward of a large hospital
Authors:   Department of Pharmaclogy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, Kafeel Huda
Published: May 2022

O bjective: Different surveys have shown that use of antimicrobials is common in practice in urban population. The use of antimicrobials in pediatrics is increasing which is a matter of great concern, A study performed in Emilia Romagna, showed, from 511270 antimicrobial prescriptions 219257 children were identified.1 That is associated with growing hazard of antimicrobial resistance in pediatric patients. Therefore, a study is performed to evaluate the use of antimicrobial in children to determine the inappropriaten ess associated with the use of the bulk prescribin g in peads. Method: A Prospective observational study is being carried out in the pediatric ward of a tertiary care hospital from June 5th to December 5th. All patients admitted to pediatric ward durin g study period are considered as study population excluding patients with incomplete data. All the relevant details of patients were collected through a specially designed performa includin g demographic, disease, and drug data, than analyzed. Results: In the study period a total of 378 children admitted in the pediatric ward, 200 children were included for the analysis. The mean for age was 3.60±3.25 years. The Penicillins 18%, Cephalosporin 65% and Aminoglycosides 13% Chloramphanicol 4% were the commonly prescribed antimicrobials. 29 prescriptions targeted the appropriateness of Penicillins (appropriateness range, 14.5% to 18%), 90 prescription for Cephalosporin targeted appropriateness (45% to 65%) 26 for Aminoglycosides targeted appropriateness (9% to 13%) & 6 for Chloramphanicol targeted appropriateness (0.02% to 4%). Conclusion: Overall, a wide spectrum of clinical disorders, extensive poly‐pharmacy and inappropriate prescribing of antimicrobials was noticed.
A comparative study of Shiroabhyang and Karnabhyang in the management of Nidranash (primary insomnia)
Authors:   PG Scholar, Department of Swasthavritta, R. A. Podar Medical College (Ayu.), Worli, Mumbai, Maharashtra- 400018, India, Borkar Sneha , Dalvi Prachi ,   Associate Professor, Department of Swasthavritta, R. A. Podar Medical College (Ayu.), Worli, Mumbai, Maharashtra- 400018, India
Published: May 2022

Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder an d one of those with the greatest health and social significance. About 10% and 30% of adults have insomnia at any given point in time. It is of two types Primary and secondary insomnia. Primary insomnia is sleeplessness or the perception of poor quality sleep that cannot be attributed to a medical, psychiatric, or environmental cause. It is mainly due to long lasting stress and strain. Ayurveda has mentioned many treatments for Nidranash. Aim: to compare the efficacy of Shiroabhyang and Karnabhyang in the management of Nidranash (Primary insomnia). Materials and Methods: Clinical study was done on 60 diagnosed patients with Primary insomnia of age group 30 to 40 ye ar and divided in two groups. Group A had been treated with Shiroabhyanga and Group B with Karnabhyang for one month. Tila taila was common in both the group. Assessment parameters was Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale with 15 self rated questions and 7 components. Result: Statistical Analysis of the Result by Wilcoxon – Matched – Pairs Signed – Ranks test of PSQI scale component in both GROUP A and GROUP B was extremely significant with p value <0.0001. By applying Mann -Whitney Test there was no significant difference found between Group A & Group B in all symptoms with P value is >0.05. Conclusion: It was observed that both the therapies (Shiroabhyanga and Karnabhyanga) are effective in the management of Primary insomnia
Prognostic significance of C-Reactive protein and its correlation with predictors of outcome in stable and unstable patients of COPD
Authors:   Junior Resident in Medicine, Department of Medicine, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India, Prasad Avneesh , Shah Moxit ,   Junior Resident in Medicine, Department of Medicine, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India, Behal Shruti ,   Junior Resident in Medicine, Department of Medicine, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India, Rathod Mihir ,   Junior Resident in Medicine, Department of Medicine, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India, Pandey Manju ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan303121, India
Published: May 2022

Aim- The aim of the study was to find out value of CRP in COPD patients and its correlation with the predictors of outcome. Method- We studied 100 COPD patients (80 stable and 20 unstable) with spirometry, body mass index, MMRDC dyspnoea scale, 6-minute walk distance and BODE index. The CRP values were measured in these patients and compared with 50 sex and age matched controls. CRP was subjected to evaluation for any correlation with the predictors of outcomes in COPD patients. Results- Serum CRP levels were significantly higher in COPD patients than in healthy subjects (Mean 13.55+10.83 vs.2.07+ 0.82 mg/lit, p<0.001). CRP levels were significantly higher in unstable than stable patients (mean 33.78+7.74 mg/lit vs. 8.50+1.81 mg/lit, p<0.001). Severity of dyspnoea as measured by MMRC dyspnoea scale was significantly higher in unstable patients than in stable patients (mean 3.60+0.5 vs. 1.84+0.86, p<0.001). The exercise capacity of the patients as measured by 6 MWD was significantly lower in un stable patients than in stable patients (mean 180.5+53.26m vs. 219.58+67m, p=0.017). The BODE index was found to be significantly higher among unstable patients than stable patients (mean 7.30+1.66 vs. 4.94+1.94, p<0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between CRP and FEV1 (r=-0.284, p=0.004) and FEV1/FVC (r=-0.305, p=0.002). CRP levels were independent of FVC (r=-0.162, p=0.107). A significant positive correlation was found bet ween CRP and severity of dyspnoea according to MMRC dyspnoea scale (r=0.638, p<0.001). The CRP levels negatively correlated with the exercise capacity of the patient (6MWD) which was statistically significant (r= -0.364, p<0.001). A significant positive correlation was foun d between CRP with BODE index (r=0.780, p<0.001) and BODE stage (r=0.726, p<0.001). Conclusion- We conclude that systemic inflammation is present in COPD patients and CRP is important biomarker in COPD in means of reflecting severity of disease and prognosis of patients.
Meat analog based necklace crickets and fruit (Jackfruit and Pumpkin) as an alternative source of animal protein ingredients food in Gunung Kidul
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, State University of Semarang, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, Aji Navela Rahma , Wibowo Emas Agus Prastyo ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, State University of Semarang, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, Mayasari Tri ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, State University of Semarang, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
Published: May 2022

Artificial meat analog form is a product made from vegetable protein material is not meat, but similar right to the properties of real meat. The sources of vegetable protein which can be used very much with several requirements must be met, such as having the fibers resembling meat and kenyal. Penggunaan crickets and fruit (jackfruit and pumpkins) should be blend into the meat analog chewy and rich protein. Jangkrik is an insect that is found in abundance around kita. Keberadaannya usually only used as bird feed pets only, so the selling price is very cheap. The study compared the content of protein and carbohydrates between nuggets, meat analogue (crickets and jackfruit) and meat analog (crickets and pumpkin). Based on the study found that levels of carbohydrate and protein in the nugget is 10:05% and 10:51%. Levels of carbohydrates and protein in meat analog (crickets and jackfruit) are 65.347% and 0.04432%, and the protein content in meat analog (cricket and squash) is 0.2587%. Meat processing analog crickets and fruit (jackfruit and pumpkins) is processing by mixing crickets that have been fried; boiled jackfruit along with additional materials lainnya. Perebusan jackfruit aim to inactivate the enzyme causes the decrease in quality during storage and to soften the texture of the fruit in the blend nangka. Sehingga crickets and jackfruit will produce analog meat rich in protein, carbohydrates and certainly chewy meat resembles the original.