bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efeito das lâminas espectrais (overlays) em parâmetros visuais e na habilidade de leitura: revisão integrativa de 1980 a 2008
Authors: Guimarães Márcia Reis , Vilhena Douglas de Araújo , Guimarães Ricardo Queiroz , Pinheiro Ângela Maria Vieira
Published: September 2021

Pessoas com estresse visual, síndrome de Irlen, utilizam as lâminas espectrais (spectral overlays) para reduzir as distorções visuais e prevenir o desconforto visual durante a leitura. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa de 1980 a 2008 sobre o efeito das lâminas espectrais nos parâmetros visuais e na habilidade de leitura, sintetizando os principais resultados de cada artigo. Foram incluídos 36 artigos, lidos na íntegra, que utilizaram as Irlen Overlays ou as Intuitive Overlays. A década de 1980 foi caracterizada pela criação das Irlen Overlays pela psicóloga Helen Irlen, assim como as primeiras pesquisas e dissertações. A década de 1990 foi marcada pela criação das Intuitive Overlays, do Rate of Reading Test (Teste de Taxa de Leitura) e por estudos científicos com maior rigor metodológico. A década de 2000 foi caracterizada pela consolidação dos estudos internacionais sobre o estresse visual e o efeito das lâminas espectrais, em especial na Inglaterra e na Austrália. Esta síntese das três primeiras décadas de pesquisa sobre o uso de overlays oferece um recorte temporal importante dos estudos que precedem o início das pesquisas no Brasil. O uso das lâminas espectrais demonstrou ter respaldo na literatura como um instrumento de intervenção eficiente para reduzir o estresse visual e melhorar a leitura. Espera-se contribuir com o resgate histórico dessas pesquisas para que os futuros estudos tenham delineamentos que reproduzam os estudos internacionais e que superem as inerentes limitações metodológicas.
A utilização do peptídeo botulínico no rejuvenescimento facial: relato de caso
Authors: Baumgarten Christine Hertel , Borghetti Nicole , Barros Tarley Pessoa de , Santos Adilson Chaves dos , Jodas Cláudio Roberto Pacheco , Costa Sarah Teixeira , Grillo Ricardo , Teixeira Rubens Gonçalves , Leal Marilia de Oliveira Coelho Dutra
Published: September 2021

A paciente, C.H.B, 33 anos, sexo feminino, compareceu à clínica da NAEO/SC, com queixa principal de: fissuras na pele, rugas, manchas senis com descoloração e irregularidades; em busca de tratamento para rejuvenescimento facial. Após anamnese e exame clínico optou-se pelo uso do microagulhamento em toda face seguida da aplicação do “Professional Dermoline” em esfregaço. Ao final fez-se a “Máscara Facial” por um período de 40 minutos. O mesmo protocolo foi repetido por mais duas vezes, totalizando três sessões da terapia, com intervalo de 30 dias entre elas. Foi realizada manutenção em casa com o “Sérum Antirrugas” durante todo o período de tratamento. A análise facial da pele foi realizada por meio do Scanner Facial FaceBox Pro® no qual a idade da pele da paciente foi de 31,23 anos. Na análise digital de pele realizada por meio do aparelho Skin Up ® a umidade foi de 22,3 % e a oleosidade de 33,4%. Após o tratamento completo e novo exame, pelo FaceBox Pro® houve uma redução da idade de 31,46 para 30,17 anos e pelo Skin Up ® não foi necessária reavaliação, pois a pele da paciente já se encontrava próxima dos índices de normalidade. Pode-se concluir que quando o peptídeo botulínico é utilizado de forma adequada e com a indicação correta é possível obter resultados significativos na qualidade de pele do paciente.
Atuação da fisioterapia na incontinência urinária em mulheres praticantes de atividade física: revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Pereira Salete Silva , Leite Brenda Munike Guedes , Silva Karla Camila Correia da
Published: September 2021

A prevalência da incontinência urinária é significativamente maior em mulheres, fisicamente ativas e atletas de alto rendimento devido ao grande esforço realizado durante o treinamento físico. O objetivo desse estudo é descrever a atuação da fisioterapia na incontinência urinária em mulheres praticantes de atividade física, demonstrando as principais técnicas de tratamento fisioterapêutico utilizados para tratar esta disfunção que interfere direta ou indiretamente na qualidade de vida de quem sofre com esta patologia. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nos bancos de dados Bireme, a Base de Dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Scholar Google (Google Acadêmico). Resultados: A fisioterapia é essencial no tratamento da incontinência urinária por promover percepção corporal, devolver e melhorar a função dos músculos perineais, além de normalizar a tonicidade muscular, ajudando com que a mulher conquiste novamente uma boa continência urinária desenvolvendo assim uma melhora na sua qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Existem diversas modalidades fisioterapêuticas que podem auxiliar na melhora da função da musculatura do assoalho pélvico, entre elas, a eletroestimulação, cinesioterapia, cones vaginais, biofeedback e reeducação comportamental, contendo variados recursos e técnicas que podem ser utilizados para a melhora significativa dos sintomas da patologia e consequentemente tendo efeito positivo na qualidade de vida das pacientes. No entanto, os benefícios deste tratamento conservador se dão não somente por uma única modalidade terapêutica, mas sim pela associação das diversas formas e recursos disponíveis de tratamento mediante a queixa e sintomatologia apresentada e da boa adesão e evolução própria de cada mulher.
Registro de espoliação em humano pelo morcego vampiro de asas brancas Diaemus youngi (Jentink, 1893) (Chiroptera: Desmodontinae)
Authors: Silva Luiz Augustinho Menezes da , Silva Rosângela Margarida da , Santos Jailson Lúcio dos , Machado José Lindemberg Martins , Santana Marcos Alexandre Barboza de , Oliveira Andrea Lopes de , Silva Eduardo José da , Silva Juliana Carla Serafim da
Published: September 2021

Dentre as mais de 1.400 espécies de morcegos catalogadas no mundo, somente três se alimentam de sangue (Hematofagia). Elas só são encontradas nas Américas (principalmente latina) com ampla distribuição no Brasil. A atividade alimentar de morcegos hematófagos em humanos só era conhecida para Desmodus rotundus, entretanto, em 2016, foi relatada para Diphylla ecaudata. O presente trabalho descreve, pela primeira vez, a utilização de sangue humano em condições de campo por Diaemus youngi. O caso ocorreu na zona rural do município de Ipojuca (08º23'56" de latitude sul e 35º03'50" de longitude oeste), na Região Metropolitana do Recife, estado de Pernambuco. Um morador de 44 anos relatou que, na madrugada do dia 01 de novembro de 2018, acordou e percebeu um morcego fazendo a sangria em seu braço, e ele matou o animal. Ao amanhecer, procurou um posto de saúde e levou o morcego. O paciente foi encaminhado para as medidas profiláticas adequadas, recebeu soro e vacina, e o morcego foi enviado ao LACEN/PE para diagnose e exame rábico. O exemplar foi diagnosticado com base em suas características morfológicas (manchas brancas nas asas, glândulas bucais, almofadas do polegar, entre outras) como Diaemus youngi (macho; adulto). Depois de feitas a análise da imunofluorescência direta e a prova biológica, testou negativo para o vírus rábico. Este relato demonstra que é preciso aprofundar estudos ecológicos sobre a espécie, principalmente relacionados aos itens alimento e comportamento, bem como sobre os impactos ambientais que possam alterar a seleção de suas presas.
CHALLENGES AND FACILITATORS TO THE SECONDARY USE OF ROUTINELY COLLECTED ORAL HEALTH DATA FROM MULTIPLE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: LEGGETT Heather , FOX Frank , VİNALL COLLİER Karen , CİSKAR Julia , ZORMPAS Evangelos , WHELTON Helen , DOUGLAS Gail
Published: September 2021

This research aimed to identify and explore perceived challenges and facilitators to acquiring routinely collected oral healthcare data for research in six European countries with the aim of generating practical solutions for future initiatives. Seventeen participants from the UK, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Ireland and the Netherlands participated who were either data requestors or data providers for the ADVOCATE project. Focus groups using the nominal group technique were undertaken using PESTLE as a theoretical framework to guide the discussion. The data were analysed using content analysis. Four main challenges were identified: 1) legality rules influencing the data available, 2) variations in data standardisation/coding between countries, 3) relationships and responsibilities between stakeholders, and 4) data not available for secondary use. The facilitators included: 1) having a framework in place to guide the process, 2) having strong relationships between stakeholders, 3) having technical elements in place to support the process, and 4) taking a pragmatic approach to the available data. It is hoped that identifying these challenges will raise awareness of potential issues for undertaking such research and that tackling these and building on the facilitators will establish stronger foundations for the sharing of data within and across disciplines and countries.
Comparing the Influence of Synthetic jets on Cooling the Angled Plates Versus Vertical and Horizontal Plates
Authors: Nabavi Miralireza , Jafari Moharram
Published: September 2021

Synthetic jets besides being used in heat transfer, have also been used to control turbulence and flow separation. In the previous decade, research on the applications of a synthetic jet has indicated that by using these types of jets, flow separation can be reduced or even stopped altogether. In addition, these jets have been utilized in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (to control separation on airfoils) and flight control. In this study, the jet is located perpendicular to the flat plane with fixed heat flux and the effect of some geometric parameters including the ratio of the distance between the jet and the impact plane to the nozzle width, the ratio of the impact plane length to the jet nozzle width, the ratio of synthetic jet width to width of the nozzle, the ratio of the hole height to the nozzle width, the angle of the impact plate as well as the diaphragm characteristics such as amplitude and frequency of the jet diaphragm in heat transfer were evaluated numerically by using OpenFOAM open-source software. The findings indicate that synthetic jets have very weak efficiency for cooling vertical panels. However, they are extremely effective on angled plates. Synthetic jets have more influence on angled planes than horizontal planes.
When the Robin inequality does not hold
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: September 2021

In mathematics, the Riemann Hypothesis is a conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part $\frac{1}{2}$. It is one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute to carry a US 1,000,000 prize for the first correct solution. In 1915, Ramanujan proved that under the assumption of the Riemann Hypothesis, the inequality $\sigma(n)5040$ if and only if the Riemann Hypothesis is true. Let $n>5040$ be $n=r\timesq$, where $q$ denotes the largest prime factor of $n$. If $n>5040$ is the smallest number such that Robin inequality does not hold, then we show the following inequality is also satisfied: $\sqrt[q]{e}+\frac{\log\log r}{\log\log n}>2$.
Characterization of a Novel Glutamine Synthetase From Trichinella spiralis and Its Participation in Larval Acid Resistance, Molting, and Development
Authors: Zhuo Tong Xu , Wang Zhen , Song Yan Yan , Yan Shu Wei , Liu Ruo Dan , Zhang Xi , Wang Zhong Quan , Cui Jing
Published: September 2021

Trichinella spiralis is a major foodborne parasite worldwide. After the encapsulated muscle larvae (ML) in meat are ingested, the ML are liberated in the stomach of the host and activated into intestinal infectious larvae (IIL), which develop into adult worm after molting four times. A novel glutamine synthetase (TsGS) was identified from T. spiralis IIL at 10 h post-infection, but its biological role in T. spiralis life cycle is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological characteristics of TsGS and its functions in larval acid resistance, molting, and development. TsGS has a glutamine synthetase (GS) catalytic domain. Complete TsGS sequence was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. rTsGS has good immunogenicity. qPCR and Western blotting showed that TsGS was highly expressed at IIL stage, and immunofluorescence revealed that TsGS was principally localized at the cuticle and intrauterine embryos of this nematode. rTsGS has enzymatic activity of natural GS to hydrolyze the substrate (Glu, ATP, and NH4+). Silencing of TsGS gene significantly reduced the IIL survival at pH 2.5, decreased the IIL burden, and impeded larval molting and development. The results demonstrated that TsGS participates in T. spiralis larval acid resistance, molting and development, and it might be a candidate vaccine target against Trichinella molting and development.
Pre-metastatic Niche Formation in Different Organs Induced by Tumor Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Dong Qi , Liu Xue , Cheng Ke , Sheng Jiahao , Kong Jing , Liu Tingjiao
Published: September 2021

Primary tumors selectively modify the microenvironment of distant organs such as the lung, liver, brain, bone marrow, and lymph nodes to facilitate metastasis. This supportive metastatic microenvironment in distant organs was termed the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) that is characterized by increased vascular permeability, extracellular matrix remodeling, bone marrow-derived cells recruitment, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of cell-derived membranous structures that carry various functional molecules. EVs play a critical role in PMN formation by delivering their cargos to recipient cells in target organs. We provide an overview of the characteristics of the PMN in different organs promoted by cancer EVs and the underlying mechanisms in this review.
Non-coding RNAs in Regulating Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Song Xin , Guo Yanan , Song Peng , Duan Dongzhu , Guo Wenjing
Published: September 2021

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNAs that do not encode proteins, but perform biological functions in various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer formation, inflammation, and neurological diseases. Tumor blood vessels are a key target for cancer management. A number of factors regulate the angiogenesis of malignant tumors. NcRNAs participate in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis. Abnormal expression of ncRNAs act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes to affect the development of tumors. In this review we summarized the biological functions of ncRNAs, and discussed its regulatory mechanisms in tumor angiogenesis. This article will provide new insights for the research of ncRNAs in tumor angiogenesis.
Exciton Modulation in Perylene-Based Molecular Crystals Upon Formation of a Metal-Organic Interface From Many-Body Perturbation Theory
Authors: Shunak Liran , Adeniran Olugbenga , Voscoboynik Guy , Liu Zhen-Fei , Refaely-Abramson Sivan
Published: September 2021

Excited-state processes at organic-inorganic interfaces consisting of molecular crystals are essential in energy conversion applications. While advances in experimental methods allow direct observation and detection of exciton transfer across such junctions, a detailed understanding of the underlying excitonic properties due to crystal packing and interface structure is still largely lacking. In this work, we use many-body perturbation theory to study structure-property relations of excitons in molecular crystals upon adsorption on a gold surface. We explore the case of the experimentally-studied octyl perylene diimide (C8-PDI) as a prototypical system, and use the GW and Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) approach to quantify the change in quasiparticle and exciton properties due to intermolecular and substrate screening. Our findings provide a close inspection of both local and environmental structural effects dominating the excitation energies and the exciton binding and nature, as well as their modulation upon the metal-organic interface composition.
Coral Reef Geometry and Hydrodynamics in Beach Erosion Control in North Quintana Roo, Mexico
Authors: Escudero Mireille , Reguero Borja G. , Mendoza Edgar , Secaira Fernando , Silva Rodolfo
Published: September 2021

Coral reefs are increasingly recognized for their shoreline protection services. The hydrodynamic performance of this ecosystem is comparable to artificial low-crested structures often used in coastal protection, whose objective is to emulate the former. Coral reefs also provide other important environmental services (e.g., food production, habitat provision, maintenance of biodiversity and social and cultural services) and leave almost no ecological footprint when conservation and restoration actions are conducted to maintain their coastal protection service. However, studies have focused on their flood protection service, but few have evaluated the morphological effects of coral reefs through their ability to avoid or mitigate coastal erosion. In this paper, we investigate the relation between shoreline change, reefs’ geometry and hydrodynamic parameters to elucidate the physics related to how the Mesoamerican Reef in Mexico protects sandy coastlines from erosion. Using numerical wave propagation and historical shoreline change calculated from satellite imagery, a direct correlation was found between shoreline movement, the depths and widths of reef flats, changes in the wave energy flux, and the radiation stresses of breaking waves. The findings indicate that the most remarkable efficacy in preventing beach erosion is due to reefs with shallow crests, wide reef flats, a dissipative lagoon seabed, located at ∼300 m from the coastline. The results provide essential insights for reef restoration projects focused on erosion mitigation and designing artificial reefs in microtidal sandy beaches. Results are limited to wave-dominated coasts.
The Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomaviruses Among Men in Henan Province of China
Authors: Wang Huiling , Zhao Jing , Liu Xiaoli , Yan Wenjuan , Li Gang , Yuan Youhua
Published: September 2021

Background: This paper aimed to assess the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the associations of sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics with HPV in unvaccinated men in Henan Province before the mass administration of the HPV vaccine through a baseline survey.

Methods: Between June 2015 to June 2020, 3,690 men were tested for the HPV genotype at the Henan Provincial People's Hospital. The HPV genotype was detected by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based hybridization gene chip assay.

Results: The overall HPV infection rate was 29.97%; The most prevalent genotypes were HPV 6 (21.76%), 11 (12.68%), 16 (8.94%), 58 (5.37%), 18 (3.41%), 84 (3.25%), 61 (3.09%), and 81 (3.09%). Low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) infection (24.91%) and single infection (17.78%) were the most prevalent forms. Age-specific HPV distribution was presented as a bimodal curve; the youngest age group (≤ 25 years) had the highest HPV infection rate (36.03%), followed by the 36–40-year-old group (33.68%). Men with Junior high school or above were more likely to have Pure-LR HPV infection. Unmarried status and smoking increased single and LR-HPV infection. Multiple lifetime sex partners and not using a condom were more likely to cause LR-HPV infection.

Conclusions: The data on the prevalence and HPV infection type distribution in men in Henan Province could serve as a valuable reference to guide nationwide screening. We provide a time-based estimate of the maximum impact of the HPV vaccine and critical reference measurements important for assessing the clinical benefits of HPV vaccination and the increase in non-vaccine HPV types.
The Epidemiology of Lung Metastases
Authors: Chen Hanbo , Stoltzfus Kelsey C. , Lehrer Eric J. , Horn Samantha R. , Siva Shankar , Trifiletti Daniel M. , Meng Mao-Bin , Verma Vivek , Louie Alexander V. , Zaorsky Nicholas G.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Lung metastasis is usually associated with poor outcomes in cancer patients. This study was performed to characterize and analyze the population of patients with de novo (synchronous) lung metastases using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.

Materials and Methods: Baseline characteristics of lung metastasis patients were obtained from SEER case listings. Incidence rates and counts of synchronous lung metastasis were also obtained using the SEER*Stat software. Survival outcomes were analyzed using univariate and multivariable Cox regressions, controlling for confounders. An alpha threshold of 0.05 was used for statistical significance and p-values were subject to correction for multiple comparisons.

Results: The age-adjusted incidence rate of synchronous lung metastasis was 17.92 per 100,000 between 2010 and 2015. Synchronous lung metastases most commonly arose from primary lung cancers, colorectal cancers, kidney cancers, pancreatic cancers and breast cancers. During this time period, 4% of all cancer cases presented with synchronous lung metastasis. The percentage of patients presenting with synchronous lung metastasis ranged from 0.5% of all prostate cancers to 13% of all primary lung cancers. The percentage of all cancer cases presenting with synchronous lung metastasis increased over time. De novo metastatic patients with lung metastases had worse overall survival [hazard ratio = 1.22 (1.21–1.23), p < 0.001] compared to those with only extrapulmonary metastases, controlling for potential confounders.

Conclusions: Synchronous lung metastasis occurs frequently and is an independent predictors of poor patient outcomes. As treatment for lung metastases becomes more complicated, patients with synchronous lung metastasis represent a high-risk population.
Interactions Between Bacillus Spp., Pseudomonas Spp. and Cannabis sativa Promote Plant Growth
Authors: Comeau Dominique , Balthazar Carole , Novinscak Amy , Bouhamdani Nadia , Joly David L. , Filion Martin
Published: September 2021

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) deploy several mechanisms to improve plant health, growth and yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two Pseudomonas spp. strains and three Bacillus spp. strains used as single treatments and in consortia to improve the yield of Cannabis sativa and characterize the impact of these treatments on the diversity, structure and functions of the rhizosphere microbiome. Herein, we demonstrate a significant C. sativa yield increase up to 70% when inoculated with three different Pseudomonas spp./Bacillus spp. consortia but not with single inoculation treatments. This growth-promoting effect was observed in two different commercial soil substrates commonly used to grow cannabis: Promix and Canna coco. Marker-based genomic analysis highlighted Bacillus spp. as the main modulator of the rhizosphere microbiome diversity and Pseudomonas spp. as being strongly associated with plant growth promotion. We describe an increase abundance of predicted PGPR metabolic pathways linked with growth-promoting interactions in C. sativa.
A Neuron-Glial Model of Exosomal Release in the Onset and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Shaheen Hina , Singh Sundeep , Melnik Roderick
Published: September 2021

Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that perform a variety of biological functions linked to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), for examples, exosomes are responsible for the release of Aβ oligomers, and their extracellular accumulation, although the underpinning molecular machinery remains elusive. We propose a novel model for Alzheimer's Aβ accumulation based on Ca2+-dependent exosome release from astrocytes. Moreover, we exploit our model to assess how temperature dependence of exosome release could interact with Aβ neurotoxicity. We predict that voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) along with the transient-receptor potential M8 (TRPM8) channel are crucial molecular components in Alzheimer's progression.
Case Report: Four Early Recurrent Basilar Artery Occlusions Successfully Treated With Mechanical Thrombectomy and Subsequent Vertebral Artery Coil Occlusion
Authors: Leber Stefan L. , Fandler-Höfler Simon , Kneihsl Markus , Augustin Michael , Deutschmann Hannes , Gattringer Thomas
Published: September 2021

We present the case of a middle-aged patient who had four recurrent acute basilar artery occlusions over a period of 3 months, each time successfully treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Extensive stroke work-up showed no obvious stroke etiology aside from a dysplastic right vertebral artery with multifocal stenoses. Treatment with different antiplatelet and anticoagulant regimes did not prevent basilar artery occlusion recurrence. Therefore, transarterial coil occlusion of the V4-segment of the right vertebral artery was performed as ultima ratio without complications. At final discharge, the patient had no persistent neurological deficits. No further cerebrovascular events occurred over a 12-month follow-up period.
Controlling Nutritional Status Score as a Predictive Marker of In-hospital Mortality in Older Adult Patients
Authors: Liu Chengyu , Zhu Mingwei , Yang Xin , Cui Hongyuan , Li Zijian , Wei Junmin
Published: September 2021

The controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score assesses nutritional status and is associated with short- and long-term prognoses in some diseases, but the significance of the CONUT score for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in older adults is unknown. The purpose was to determine the importance of the CONUT score for the prediction of in-hospital mortality, short-term complications, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs in older adults. Our retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 11,795 older adult patients from two multicenter cohort studies. We performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using in-hospital mortality as the endpoint and determined the appropriate CONUT score cut-off by the Youden index. The patients were divided into two high and low groups according to the CONUT cut-off value, and the differences in clinical characteristics and in-hospital clinical outcomes between the two groups were compared. We compared the accuracy of the CONUT score and other nutrition-related tools in predicting in-hospital mortality by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and performed univariate and multivariate analyses of predictors of in-hospital mortality. Among all the patients, 178 (1.5%) patients experienced in-hospital death. The optimal cut-off values was 5.5 for the CONUT score. The high CONUT group had a higher incidence of short-term complications and prolonged hospital stay than the low CONUT group (CONUT score <6), but hospital costs were not significantly higher. The CONUT score had the highest predictive ability for in-hospital mortality among the five nutrition-related parameters compared. Multivariate analysis showed that a high CONUT score (CONUT score ≥ 6) was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the CONUT score could be used to predict in-hospital mortality in older adults.
Case Report: A Case Study Documenting the Activity of Atezolizumab in a PD-L1-Negative Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Brasó-Maristany Fara , Sansó Miriam , Chic Nuria , Martínez Débora , González-Farré Blanca , Sanfeliu Esther , Ghiglione Lucio , Carcelero Esther , Garcia-Corbacho Javier , Sánchez Marcelo , Soy Dolors , Jares Pedro , Peg Vicente , Saura Cristina , Muñoz Montserrat , Prat Aleix , Vivancos Ana
Published: September 2021

The immune checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab is approved for PD-L1-positive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, no activity of atezolizumab in PD-L1-negative TNBC has been reported to date. Here, we present the case study of a woman with TNBC with low tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1-negative disease, which achieved a significant response to atezolizumab monotherapy and durable response after the combination of atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel. The comprehensive genomic analysis that we performed in her tumor and plasma samples revealed high tumor mutational burden (TMB), presence of the APOBEC genetic signatures, high expression of the tumor inflammation signature, and a HER2-enriched subtype by the PAM50 assay. Some of these biomarkers have been shown to independently predict response to immunotherapy in other tumors and may explain the durable response in our patient. Our work warrants further translational studies to identify biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in TNBC beyond PD-L1 expression and to better select patients that will benefit from immunotherapy.
Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Tumors: How to Seed in the Surroundings Molecular Information for Malignant Transformation and Progression
Authors: Cappariello Alfredo , Rucci Nadia
Published: September 2021

Bone is a very dynamic tissue hosting different cell types whose functions are regulated by a plethora of membrane-bound and soluble molecules. Intercellular communication was recently demonstrated to be also sustained by the exchange of extracellular vesicles (EVs). These are cell-derived nanosized structures shuttling biologically active molecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins. The bone microenvironment is a preferential site of primary and metastatic tumors, in which cancer cells find a fertile soil to “seed and blossom”. Nowadays, many oncogenic processes are recognized to be sustained by EVs. For example, EVs can directly fuel the vicious cycle in the bone/bone marrow microenvironment. EVs create a favourable environment for tumor growth by affecting osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, adipocytes, leukocytes, and endothelial cells. At the same time other crucial tumor-mediated events, such as the premetastatic niche formation, tumor cell dormancy, as well as drug resistance, have been described to be fostered by tumor-derived EVs. In this review, we will discuss the main body of literature describing how the cancer cells use the EVs for their growth into the bone and for educating the bone microenvironment to host metastases.
Safety and Tolerability of Lacosamide in Patients With Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Chunsong , Peng Yuxuan , Zhang Lingli , Zhao Li
Published: September 2021

Background: As a third-generation antiseizure medication (ASM), lacosamide (LCM) is recommended worldwide for patients with epilepsy. We aimed to provide more conclusive evidence for the safety and tolerability of LCM in patients with epilepsy.

Methods: A systematic search was performed on MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, IDB, VIP Database, and Wanfang Database from inception to 2021 March, and all studies assessing the safety of LCM were included. A meta-analysis was performed for safety data of LCM.

Results: Eighty-three studies involving 12268 populations (11 randomized clinical trials (RCTs), 16 cohort studies, 53 case series, and 3 case reports) were included in our study. Meta-analysis of the total incidence of adverse events (AEs) of LCM was 38.7% [95% CI (35.1%, 45.8%); n=75 studies]. Incidence of withdrawal due to AEs was 10.8% [95% CI (9.1%, 12.6%); n=56 studies], and incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) was 6.5% [95% CI (4.0%, 8.9%); n=13 studies]. Most AEs were in the nervous system and digestive system. The most common AEs were sedation (15.8%), dizziness (15.7%), fatigue (9.4%), and nausea/vomiting (9.3%). For children, the total incidence of AEs of LCM was 32.8% [95% CI (21.6%, 44.0%); n=16 studies], and the most common AEs were dizziness (8.6%), nausea/vomiting (8.6%), and somnolence (6.8%).

Conclusion: Lacosamide is generally safe and well tolerated in patients with epilepsy. Common AEs were sedation, dizziness, and fatigue. It is necessary to pay more attention to the prevention and management of these AEs and conduct more large-scale and high-quality studies to update safety data.
Mediators and Theories of Change in Psychotherapy for Young People With Personality Disorders: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Volkert Jana , Taubner Svenja , Barkauskiene Rasa , Mestre Jose M. , Sales Célia M. D. , Thiele Vanessa , Saliba Andrea , Protić Sonja , Adler Asta , Conejo-Cerón Sonia , Di Giacomo Dina , Ioannou Yianna , Moreno-Peral Patricia , Vieira Filipa Mucha , Mota Catarina Pinheiro , Raleva Marija , Rangel Santos Henriques Margarida Isabel , Røssberg Jan Ivar , Schmidt Stefanie J. , Perdih Tjasa Stepisnik , Ulberg Randi , Heinonen Erkki
Published: September 2021

Background: Personality disorders (PDs) are a severe health issue already prevalent among adolescents and young adults. Early detection and intervention offer the opportunity to reduce disease burden and chronicity of symptoms and to enhance long-term functional outcomes. While psychological treatments for PDs have been shown to be effective for young people, the mediators and specific change mechanisms of treatment are still unclear.

Aim: As part of the “European Network of Individualized Psychotherapy Treatment of Young People with Mental Disorders” (TREATme), funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST), we will conduct a systematic review to summarize the existing knowledge on mediators of treatment outcome and theories of change in psychotherapy for young people with personality disorders. In particular, we will evaluate whether mediators appear to be common or specific to particular age groups, treatment models, or outcome domains (e.g., psychosocial functioning, life quality, and adverse treatment effects).

Method: We will follow the reporting guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement recommendations. Electronic databases (PubMed and PsycINFO) have been systematically searched for prospective, longitudinal, and case–control designs of psychological treatment studies, which examine mediators published in English. Participants will be young people between 10 and 30years of age who suffer from subclinical personality symptoms or have a personality disorder diagnosis and receive an intervention that aims at preventing, ameliorating, and/or treating psychological problems.

Results: The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and at conference presentations and will be shared with relevant stakeholder groups. The data set will be made available to other research groups following recommendations of the open science initiative. Databases with the systematic search will be made openly available following open science initiatives. The review has been registered in PROSPERO (evaluation is pending, registration number ID 248959).

Implications: This review will deliver a comprehensive overview on the empirical basis to contribute to the further development of psychological treatments for young people with personality disorders.
Psychopathy and Economic Behavior Among Prison Inmates: An Experiment
Authors: Balafoutas Loukas , García-Gallego Aurora , Georgantzis Nikolaos , Jaber-Lopez Tarek , Mitrokostas Evangelos
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates whether there is a connection between psychopathy and certain manifestations of social and economic behavior, measured in a lab-in-the-field experiment with prison inmates. In order to test this main hypothesis, we let inmates play four games that have often been used to measure prosocial and antisocial behavior in previous experimental economics literature. Specifically, they play a prisoner's dilemma, a trust game, the equality equivalence test that elicits distributional preferences, and a corruption game. Psychopathy is measured by means of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP) questionnaire, which inmates filled out after having made their decisions in the four games. We find that higher scores in the LSRP are significantly correlated with anti-social behavior in the form of weaker reciprocity, lower cooperation, lower benevolence and more bribe-oriented decisions in the corruption game. In particular, not cooperating and bribe-maximizing decisions are associated with significantly higher LSRP primary and LSRP secondary scores. Not reciprocating is associated with higher LSRP primary and being spiteful with higher LSRP secondary scores.
Does Transition to Retirement Promote Grandchild Care? Evidence From Europe
Authors: Tanskanen Antti O. , Danielsbacka Mirkka , Hämäläinen Hans , Solé-Auró Aïda
Published: September 2021

Evolutionary theory posits that grandparents can increase their inclusive fitness by investing in their grandchildren. This study explored whether the transition to retirement affected the amount of grandchild care that European grandparents provided to their descendants. Data from five waves of the longitudinal Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe collected between 2004 and 2015 from 15 countries were used. We executed within-person (or fixed-effect) regression models, which considered individual variations and person-specific changes over time. It was detected that transition to retirement was associated with increased grandchild care among both grandmothers and grandfathers. However, the effect of retirement was stronger for grandfathers than for grandmothers. Moreover, transition to retirement was associated with increased grandchild care among both maternal and paternal grandparents, but there was no significant difference between lineages in the magnitude of the effect of transition to retirement on grandchild care. In public debate retirees are often considered a burden to society but the present study indicated that when grandparents retire, their investment in grandchildren increased. The findings are discussed with reference to key evolutionary theories that consider older adults' tendency to invest time and resources in their grandchildren.
Psychological Distress and Use of Psychotropic Drugs Among University Students—the SHoT Study, Norway
Authors: Bojanić Ivana , Sund Erik R. , Bjerkeset Ottar , Sivertsen Børge , Sletvold Hege
Published: September 2021

Background: Students pursuing higher education are struggling with psychological distress, which in turn may negatively affect their academic self-efficacy and study progress. Although psychotropic drug use is widespread and increasing, patterns of psychotropic drug use among students are not well-known.

Aim: To describe prevalence and gender differences in psychotropic drug use among Norwegian students in higher education, and to examine associations with level of psychological distress.

Methods: The study is based on data from the Norwegian Student's Health and Well-being Study (SHoT), 2018, a national survey including all fulltime students aged 18–35 years in higher education. Our sample included 49,836 students, 69% females. Use of psychotropic drugs and psychological distress (The Hopkins Symptoms Checklist [HSCL-25]) were self-reported. Generalised linear models were used to assess associations between psychological distress and psychotropic drug use.

Results: Psychotropic drug use was more frequent among female than male students: 4 vs. 2% daily antidepressants usage; 5 vs. 3% last month use of anxiolytics/tranquillisers; and 8 vs. 5% last month use of hypnotics. In contrast, male students reported use of performance enhancing drugs more often than females (7 vs. 5%). Adjusted associations between high level of psychological distress (HSCL-25 ≥ 2.0) and use of psychotropics, showed an about 2-fold increased relative risk, largely consequent across drug classes and genders.

Conclusion: Prevalence and gender patterns of intake of the most common psychotropic drug classes among Norwegian students are comparable to previous studies. Unexpectedly, among students with moderate to severe psychological distress, the patterns of psychotropic drug use were more or less identical between genders.
Atmospheric Correction of DSCOVR EPIC: Version 2 MAIAC Algorithm
Authors: Lyapustin A. , Wang Y. , Go S. , Choi M. , Korkin S. , Huang D. , Knyazikhin Y. , Blank K. , Marshak A.
Published: September 2021

The Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) onboard the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) provides multispectral images of the sunlit disk of Earth since 2015 from the L1 orbit, approximately 1.5 million km from Earth toward the Sun. The NASA’s Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm has been adapted for DSCOVR/EPIC data providing operational processing since 2018. Here, we describe the latest version 2 (v2) MAIAC EPIC algorithm over land that features improved aerosol retrieval with updated regional aerosol models and new atmospheric correction scheme based on the ancillary bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model of the Earth from MAIAC MODIS. The global validation of MAIAC EPIC aerosol optical depth (AOD) with AERONET measurements shows a significant improvement over v1 and the mean bias error MBE = 0.046, RMSE = 0.159, andR= 0.77. Over 66.7% of EPIC AOD retrievals agree with the AERONET AOD to within ± (0.1 + 0.1AOD). We also analyze the role of surface anisotropy, particularly important for the backscattering view geometry of EPIC, on the result of atmospheric correction. The retrieved BRDF-based bidirectional reflectance factors (BRF) are found higher than the Lambertian reflectance by 8–15% at 443 nm and 1–2% at 780 nm for EPIC observations near the local noon. Due to higher uncertainties, the atmospheric correction at UV wavelengths of 340, 388 nm is currently performed using a Lambertian approximation.
Taking the Complex Dynamics of Human–Environment–Technology Systems Seriously: A Case Study in Doctoral Education at the University of Luxembourg
Authors: König Ariane , Ravetz Jerome , Raber Bo , Stankiewicz Jacek , Rojas-Aedo Ricardo , Hondrila Kristina , Pickar Karl
Published: September 2021

Our existential sustainability challenges involve human–environment–technology systems that are complex, dynamic and tightly coupled. But at Universities, knowledge, in teaching and research, is mostly organized into discrete parcels, the disciplines. These are further divided into the categories of natural sciences, social science and the humanities. This paper addresses the question of how in their training of researchers, universities can equip them to better understand their roles and also to act as change agents. It describes a doctoral school course in transferable skills that is offered across faculties. The unique aim of the course is to provide a space for reflection on different research paradigms and the way they differ in their framing the role of a scientific researcher in pluralist societies that face existential challenges. The pedagogical framework and approach of the course encourages questioning one's own ontological and epistemological assumptions about the constitution of our world and how we might better understand it in dialogues with participants who come from diverse disciplinary backgrounds. The course includes discussions of: what is a discipline, and how disciplines differ in their understandings of the world and of the role of science within it; how tools and representations can shape or breach disciplinary paradigms; how instrumental science and interdisciplinarity can raise the dilemma of rigor or relevance; how complexity, contradictions and values are embraced in responsible research design, and last but not least we discuss the relation of science, progress and open futures. The course introduces diverse more recent approaches to scientific inquiry that harness the potential of democratizing science in our networked knowledge society, including critical interdisciplinarity, post-normal science, citizen science and transformative sustainability science, that complement normal disciplinary research practices.
Survey Research on Health Inequalities: Exploring the Availability of Indicators of Multiple Forms of Capital in Canadian Datasets
Authors: Godley Jenny , Fundytus Katrina , Stones Cheyanne , Peller Peter , McLaren Lindsay
Published: September 2021

Objective: Much of the extensive quantitative research linking socio-economic position (SEP) and health utilizes three common indicators: income, occupation and education. Existing survey data may enable researchers to include indicators of additional forms of capital in their analyses, permitting more nuanced consideration of the relationship between SEP and health. Our objective was to identify the breadth of survey questions related to economic, cultural, and social capital available through Statistics Canada surveys, and the extent to which those surveys also include health measures.

Methods: We compiled a list of all population-based Statistics Canada surveys, and developed a broad list of potential indicators of forms of capital. We systematically searched the surveys for those indicators and health measures, analyzing their co-occurrence.

Results: Traditional SEP indicators were present in 73% of surveys containing health measures, while additional indicators of social and cultural capital were available in 57%.

Conclusion: Existing national survey data represent an under-exploited opportunity for research examining the relationship between various forms of capital and health in Canada. Future empirical explorations of these data could enrich our theoretical understanding of health inequities.
Kombinált gépi parodontológiai kürettálás klinikai hatékonyságának tájékozódó vizsgálata és összehasonlítása a hagyományos manuális eljárással
Authors: Karácsonyi Bence Sándor , Braunitzer Gábor , Ősze Gábor , Párkányi László
Published: September 2021

Enyhe és közepes krónikus parodontális gyulladások oki kezelését többnyire sikerrel végezhetjük konzervatív módon, nem sebészi terápiával (szubgingivális kürett). A kezelés kézi eszközökkel végezve egyes páciensek számára a megfelelő anesztézia ellenére is kellemetlenségekkel járhat, illetve meglehetősen időigényes. A gépi eszközök (különösena homokfúvó) alkalmazása viszont még nem épült be a mindennapi gyakorlatba. Célunk az volt, hogy a klinikánkon újonnan bevezetett kombinált gépi (ultrahangos és homokfúvással végzett) kürettálással kapcsolatos kezdeti klinikai tapasztalatainkat a hagyományos, kézi eszközzel végzett terápiával összevetve írjuk le. Az összehasonlításhoz a 2019 júniusától 2020 februárjáig terjedő időszakban azonos orvos által a két eljárás valamelyikével kezelt, egyéb betegségben nem szenvedő, nem dohányzó pácienseink betegkartonjait elemeztük. Klinikai paraméterek javulása tekintetében a manuális és gépi eljárás közel azonos hatékonyságot mutatott, ugyanakkor gépi technikával a kezelések hossza szignifikánsan lerövidül, a páciensek pedig a gépi kezelést jóval kevésbé érzik kellemetlennek.