bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agriculture system and bioresources utilization in villages around Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park: A case study of Ilomata village, Gorontalo
Authors: Repi T , Biahimo S D J , Yasin I A , Mokoginta M M , Ervandi M , Mokoolang S , Gobel Y A
Published: September 2023

It is a common trait for villages surrounding conservation areas to be dependent on the forest ecosystem for food and economic needs. This is also the case for Ilomata Village, a village bordering the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park. This research aims to identify agricultural systems, bioresources utilizations, ecological threats and the potential development of an ecologically based agricultural system in Ilomata Village, Gorontalo Province. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and focus group discussions. Further, descriptive statistics are utilized to analyze the data. The result shows two forms of agriculture. First, the monoculture system is characterized by one main commodity (corn). Second, the polyculture system is characterized by a combination of crops, plantations, forestry, and livestock. For the bioresources’ utilization, as many as 79 species of vegetation were used by the community. This research also notes the forms of utilization that have the potential to threaten the ecosystem, as well as several potentials that can be developed. This research concludes that although there is an ecological-based agriculture system in Ilomata Village, it has not been implemented optimally by utilizing the existing potential. The result implies that it can be used to determine an ecologically-based agriculture intervention model.
Biodiversity of herbivorous insects in rice organic and inorganic ecosystem
Authors: Aminah S N , Fatahuddin  , Nurhidayat A
Published: September 2023

Since many years, presence and activities of herbivorous insect very crucial in the agricultural ecosystem. Purpose of the research is to study biodiversity of herbivorous insect in the rice organic and inorganic ecosystem. The research was conducted in Salassae village, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi from June to August 2021. The herbivorous insect from organic and inorganic ecosystem was carried out and identified at the Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Makassar. The places used in the research divided into organic and inorganic rice ecosystem, with measurement 25 m x 25 m, respectively. The insect samples collected used ubinan system methods with diagonal intersection applied for pitfall trap. The samples from organic and inorganic ecosystem analyzed by Shannon-Wiener Index Diversity. The result of Shannon-Wiener Index was showed the higher number of herbivorous insects in the inorganic rice ecosystem (H’ = 1.71) with population about 391 individual (51%). In contrast, result of organic ecosystem (H’ = 1.68) lower than inorganic. Conclusion of the research: 1) the higher number of herbivorous insects in the inorganic rice ecosystem (H’ = 1.71), the lowest result from organic ecosystem (H’ = 1.68); 2) the highest rice harvest higher the organic ecosystem (297 kg) and the lowest in the inorganic (279.2 kg).
Distribution of chlorpyrifos residue in maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Zu’amah Hidayatuz , Harsanti Elisabeth Srihayu , Wihardjaka Anicetus , Sukarjo  , Ardiwinata Asep Nugraha
Published: September 2023

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide. It has low aqueous solubility, is volatile and non-mobile, moderately persistent in soil, highly toxic to mammals, and is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. The main use of chlorpyrifos is to control various types of agricultural pests. This study aims to determine the absorption of chlorpyrifos residues in maize plants. The study was conducted in July-December 2019. Experimental research was conducted at Jakenan experimental field on land contaminated with chlorpyrifos residue. The maize used was a hybrid maize variety NK 6172 Perkasa. Pesticide residue analysis was carried out at the Laboratory of the Agricultural Environmental Research Institute (IAERI). The results showed that the highest chlorpyrifos residue was in the stalks and leaf with a value of 0.0318-0.5682 mg kg−1 but still below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 10 mg kg−1 recommended by The National Standardization Agency of Indonesia. The concentration of chlorpyriphos residue in maize grain is 0.0014-0.2203 mg kg−1 (MRL=0.05 mg kg−1). Chlorpyriphos residue in the soil is 0.0148-0.0786 mg kg−1 (MRL=3.2 mg kg−1), and the lowest was root (<0.0014 mg kg−1). Information on residue distribution on maize and soils can be helpful as an early warning about the use of insecticides and food safety measures.
Characterization of rhizosphere fungi of the ebony plant (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) which has the potential to produce Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Gibberelic Acid Phytohormones
Authors: Restu Muh. , Jufri S W , Mukrimin M , Shicilia S , Lamanda S A , Prayudyaningsih R
Published: September 2023

Ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) is a slow-growing species that is an impacting factor in the extinction of this species. Efforts to reduce the ebony population can be performed by employing microbes to stimulate ebony growth. This study aimed to obtain bacterial isolates with the potential of producing IAA and GA3 that can be further utilized as biofertilizer agents. Research stages encompassed soil sample isolation, isolation of bacteria, and analysis of IAA and GA3. The research was in complete randomized design (CRD). Thirteen isolates were successfully purified and analyzed with their IAA and GA3 hormones. The highest IAA concentrations were observed in EP1b at 48 incubation hours (44.39 ppm), EP3d at 72 incubation hours (34.93 ppm), and EP3c at 72 incubation hours (34.48 ppm). EP2c, EP2e, and EP2a produced the highest GA3 concentration at 24 incubation hours which were 3.88 ppm, 3.88 ppm, and 3.81 ppm, respectively.
Growth and production of japanese taro (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) by using plastic mulch and biofertilizer
Authors: Syafiuddin Masyhur , Ahmad Asmita , Jayadi Muh. , Sartika Dewi , Syam Siti Hardiyanti , Rahmawati Nabilah
Published: September 2023

Japanese taro (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) production in Indonesia is around 20 tons/hectare, but it is still relatively low due to the low level of farmer management including fertilizing and watering especially in dry season. We determined the effect of plastic mulch and biofertilizer on the growth and production of japanese taro plants. This research used a split plot design. The main plot was plastic mulch consist of two levels, namely control and plastic mulch, while the sub-plots were biofertilizer, which consist of two levels: control and biofertilizer; and with four replications. Each plot planted with 22 plants. Parameters observed were plant height, leaf number, leaf width, fresh plant top weight, dry plant top weight, plant tuber yield, and number of tubers. The results are plastic mulch treatment had an effect on plant height with the largest average found in the mulch treatment of 55.98 cm, the largest average leaf width in the mulch treatment was 25.09 cm, the average fresh weight of the mulch plant was 197.03 g, and the average dry weight of mulch plants was 22.50 g. The biofertilizer treatment affected significantly on plant height, leaf number, and leaf width. Mulch was affects significantly on production of taro plants with the highest of weight of 881.50g/plant equal to 22 t/ha, and number of tubers found in the mulch treatment of 32 bulbs. However, the biofertilizer treatment was not significant in the production of taro plants. We conclude that the plastic mulch can increase the growth, yield and number of tubers, better than the biofertilizer and the combination of its combination especially in the dry season.
Bacterial abundance of cacao agroforestry, cacao monoculture and secondary forest land uses in north Luwu, South Sulawesi
Authors: Nurhikmayani R , Jayadi M , Juita N , Aisyah B N
Published: September 2023

Expanding the agricultural sector in North Luwu influences land use modification to enhance plantation output. Continuous land use and clearance can jeopardize the survival of native land vegetation, altering C and N cycles, community composition, population, and soil microbial activity. Microorganisms are essential for maintaining the health and quality of the soil. The abundance of soil microorganisms significantly impacts ecosystem function, so it can help boost agricultural output. This demonstrates that data on the abundance and diversity of soil microorganisms can be used to determine soil fertility. However, more information is needed about the diversity of soil microbes in North Luwu. This study seeks to determine the abundance of soil microorganisms, particularly for various land uses. Random soil samples were collected from cacao monoculture, cacao agroforestry, and secondary forest. The C: N ratio and the total number of microorganisms were then measured in the collected soil samples. Cacao agroforestry with the highest C: N ratio had 1.8 x 108 CFU/g of total soil bacterial, the highest bacterial abundance among the three land covers, followed by secondary forest and cacao monoculture with the lowest C: N ratio and lowest bacterial abundance 2 x 107 CFU/g. These results indicated that the soil C: N ratio influences the bacterial abundance of various land uses. The highest abundance of nitrate-fixing bacteria was found in secondary forests and the lowest in cacao agroforestry, even though the %N indicated by both was the same.
Genetic response of hybrid maize line to downy mildew caused by Peronosclerospora spp. infection
Authors: Pakki S , Sebayang A , Mirsam H , Djaenuddin N , Nonci N , Muis A
Published: September 2023

Maize is the second staple food commodity in Indonesia. Apart from being the main source of carbohydrates and protein, the production of maize continues to increase along with the escalation of population growth and animal feed requirements in the last few years. The potential to increase the national production of maize is still feasible because of the yield gap between the potential yields of new superior varieties and the level of yields obtained by farmers. The yield gap caused by biotic stress in maize is mainly caused by pathogens such as downy mildew due to Peronosclerospora spp. Downy mildew distribution is sporadic that can infect a wide area. In Indonesia, it spreads widely and significantly reduces yields in the areas of maize production centres in East Java, Central Java, South Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Lampung, and Sumatera. These obstacles can be overcome by integrated pest and disease control technology. One strategy is to discover downy mildew-resistant varieties that can be combined with other control treatments. The phenomenon of resistance to downy mildew infection of several hybrid maize strains began to be detected in the vegetative growth phase, with symptoms beginning at 14 days after planting (DAP), increasing with plant age, and reaching its peak after 28-35 DAP and then the symptoms will gradually disappear until no infection after 42 HST. This study analyses the resistant maize varieties from 2020 to 2022. The data showed the susceptible comparison variety (Anoman) was infected with 88.94% to 100%. In 2020, BMD73 showed a resistant reaction to Philippinensis species, other strains were classified as susceptible in P. maydis except BMD 76. All strains showed highly susceptible and susceptible reactions. In 2021, in P. philippinensis all strains FCP10-FCP16 showed a resistant reaction, but line FCP10-FCP16 had a resistance response that was classified as moderately resistant to P. maydis. The incidence of genetic response in 2022, except BMD86, strains BMD81-BMD85 were classified as resistant, as well as in the P. maydis endemic area all strains showed the same reaction.
Application of Various Concentrations of Mixed Extracts of Calotropis gigantea and Crescentia cujete Against Population and Attack Intensity of Leptocorisa acuta, Nephotettix virescens and Natural Enemy Populations of Rice Plants
Authors: Wardiman Muhammad Agung , Dewi Vien Sartika , Fatahuddin  , Farida  , Husain Adhyaksa
Published: September 2023

Changes in land and pesticide are the main drivers of changes in the biodiversity of agricultural land, particularly natural enemies of insect pests. Leptocorisa acuta and Nephotettix virescens are the main pests of rice plants in Indonesia which are mostly controlled with pesticides. The use of extracts of natural ingredients Calontropis gigantea leaves and Crescentia cujete fruit is an alternative for controlling rice pests. The purpose of the study was to determine the mixed extracts of C. gigantea and C. cujete with various concentrations on the population and the attack intensity of Leptocorisa acuta and Nephotettix virescens as well as natural enemies population. This study consisted of six treatments, namely a concentration of 1%; 2.5%; 4%; 5.5%; 7% and farmer treatment. Observations were made visually and sweep net by taking samples diagonally in one plot was taken five plant sample points were and in one point consisted of four clumps of rice. The results showed that, in comparison to the farmers treatment, the population and attack intensity were low for all extract concentration treatments, and statistical analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences between concentrations. In comparison to farmer treatment, the population of natural enemies was high in all extract treatments. When mixed extracts of C. gigantea and C. cujete are used for pest management of rice plants, the number and severity of pest attacks can be reduced without affecting natural enemies.
The effect of tobacco leaf biopesticides on the development of bacterial leaf blight of rice
Authors: Haryuni H , Soelistijono R , Priyadi S , Maryanti I E , Supartini S
Published: September 2023

The staple food of the Indonesian population is rice, the need for rice continues to increase following the increase in population, and one of the obstacles to increasing production is crop failure caused by rice leaf blight. Leaf blight is one of the important diseases which causes almost 70% yield loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the concentration and interval of application of tobacco leaf biopesticide on the development of leaf blight in Ciherang rice variety. This study was designed using a factorial complete randomized design, the first factor was the concentration of tobacco leaf biopesticide which consisted of 4 levels, namely 0 ml/l, 1 ml/l, 2 ml/l, and 3 ml/l. the second factor is the Giving Interval which consists of 3 levels. i. e. every 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days. Parameters of the development of rice bacterial leaf blight (BLB) that were observed were the number of grains per plant, percentage of attack and intensity of attack by leaf blight. The results showed that the highest number of grains per plant, the lowest attack percentage, and the lowest attack intensity were in the B3P1.
Exploration of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM) chili plants in various field types in Indonesia: a case study in Kolaka Regency, and their relationship with Fusarium oxysporum wilt disease
Authors: Ekaputri A , Amin N , Patandjengi B
Published: September 2023

The symbiotic relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots provides benefits to the host plant. Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is the most common disease on chili (Capsicum annuum), resulting in production losses of up to 50%. Until now, efforts to control wilt disease still rely on chemical control which has a negative impact on the environment.The purpose of this study was to examine the existence and number of Mycorrhizal spore morphology surrounding the roots of chili plants in three different types of fields in Kolaka Regency, as well as their relationship to Fusarium wilt. Plants were sampled from numerous chili farms in Kolaka Regency for this study, and the samples will be identified at the Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar.The proportion of infection, the amount of spores in the soil, and the incidence of fusarium wilt in chili were all measured. Mycorrhizae were found to infect chili roots and increase the amount of spores in three separate fields of chili plants. This demonstrates a link between mycorrhizae and chili roots, as well as the presence of spores in the soil and the kind of spores, Glomus sp. and Gigaspora sp.The interaction between mycorrhizae and Fusarium oxysporum disease in chili plants, namely suppressing the acceleration rate of Fusarium oxysporum disease is said to occur but is considered low. Different field types significantly affect the characteristics of mycorrhizae and the growth of chili plants, especially those that are attacked by Fusarium oxysporum. The field type with the least spores were found in Sani- Sani Village, Samaturu District, Kolaka Regency.
Effectiveness test the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch) at various concentrations against Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in the laboratory
Authors: Yusri Mita
Published: September 2023

Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most important major pests of maize in the world. Armyworms are polyphagous, the main target is corn, pests can move to other hosts if there is no primary host so that these pests can survive and maintain their populations throughout the year. S.frugiperda is also considered a serious insect pest because it reproduces in several generations per year and adults can fly up to 100 km per night, giving it the potential to spread widely in a short time. This study aim to determine the effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (match) at various concentrations against S. Frugiperda. This study was conducted in laboratory conditions, using a completely randomized design using four treatments and five replications. Each replicates used 20 test larvae. the treatments were: control, concentration of M. anisopliae 107, M. anisopliae 108, and of M. anisopliae 109. The larvae used as test larvae were instar 2 larvae, and observations were made every day to see the mortality of the test insects and record the symptoms that appeared in larvae after the application of M. anisopliae. The results showed that there was an effect of mortality on the test insects seen in treatment 108 showing the highest treatment of 9.15 days after application compared to all treatments. at 14 days post-application. The results of this study indicate the need for proper development for the purpose of effective pest control in crop cultivat.
Isolation and antagonistic test of fungi associated with pummelo citrus against Botryodiplodia theobromae in vitro
Authors: Sahlan F K , Rusicha F A , Darmawan A A
Published: September 2023

Botryodiplodia theobromae is one of the causal agents of diplodia stem-end rot in pummelo citrus. Currently reported, indigenous microbes which are associated with plants can improve plant health by controlling diseases and promoting plant growth. This study aims to determine the potential of fungi associated with pummelo citrus in inhibiting B. theobromae in vitro. Identification of the fungus which associates with pummelo citrus is determined by observing the cultural morphological and microscopic characteristics. The antagonist test was performed using dual culture method. The collected data was analyzed with a completely randomized design with 13 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that there were isolates of fungi associated with pummelo citrus which were identified as Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Mucor and Fusarium genera. There were 7 isolates of fungi which have the potential to inhibit B. theobromae which were from genera Trichoderma and Aspergillus. The antagonist mechanisms that occurred in this study were competition and parasitism.
Plant extract as kairomone attractant to cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in cocoa farm
Authors: Rivay Muhammad Agraputra , Sjam Sylvia , Sulaeha Sulaeha , Rosmana Ade , Fitriyanti Nur Azizah , Dayanti Putri
Published: September 2023

In Southeast Asian countries, the cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella) is a significant pest that can cause damage to cocoa production. A potential method for controlling this pest is to use kairomone attractants made from plant extracts. This study aimed to determine the attractiveness of Carrot Leaf Extract (ElCar) and Coffee Leaf Extract (ElCoff) to C. cramerella. Approximately one hectare of cocoa plants was used in the experiment, and observations were made with a three-day interval for two months. The findings demonstrated that the use of plant extracts as kairomone attractants was effective for attracting adult females. No adult male populations were captured during the period of observation. 116 female adults were captured in ElCar, 25 at 5% concentration, 27 at 10% concentration, and 64 at 15% concentration. 100 adult females were captured in ElCoff: 16 at 5% concentration, 51 at 10% concentration, and 33 at 15% concentration. Carrot extract at a concentration of 15% contained the highest percentage of attractant, putting it in the very high attractant category (86%). The percentage of high attractant in coffee extract was found to be 10%, which was in the very high category (80%).
Molecular detection of Pepper yellow leaf curl virus, Tomato leaf curl virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, and Mungbean yellow mosaic virus on eggplant, tomato, and pepper at different altitudes in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sidik E A , Hartono S , Sulandari S , Lukman R , Affifudin A , Wahyudin D , Santoso H B
Published: September 2023

The genus Begomovirus causes yellow disease is the most damaging and threatening for eggplant, tomato, and pepper production worldwide. Begomoviruses (Family Geminiviridae) are transmitted circulative persistent manner by Bemisia tabaci. This study aims to determine the variation of infection of several species of Begomoviruses in tomato, eggplant, and pepper at different altitudes in East Java. Molecular detection of infection Begomoviruses were discovered using PCR and four pairs of specific primers. Samples were collected at different altitudes in East Java (Kencong, Karangploso, and Pujon). The PCR was successfully applied to detect Pepper yellow leaf curl virus, Tomato leaf curl virus, and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus from tomato, eggplant, and pepper in Kencong. Tomato, eggplant, and pepper from all locations were not infected by Mungbean yellow mosaic virus. Symptoms of Begomovirus infection found in the samples from Kencong were more varied than those found in Karangploso and Pujon. The phylogenetic analysis’ findings revealed that the TYLCV Kencong shared the highest homologies with TYLCKaV pepper and eggplant from Indonesia; PepYLCV Kencong shared with PepYLCV Ageratum conyzoides from Indonesia; and ToLCV Kencong shared with ToLCNDV cucumber from Central Java. The molecular detection has shown that there are different combinations of Begomovirus infection at altitudes.
Control of Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus and Its Vector (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) on Chili Plants (Capsicum annum L.) Using Resistant Variety and Insecticide Application
Authors: Arfiani N , Nasruddin A
Published: September 2023

PepYLCIV, the cause of chili yellow leaf curl disease, is currently widespread in Indonesia and cause up to 100% yield loss, transmitted by whitefly, namely Bemisia tabaci. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of using chili varieties with different resistance to Geminivirus and different frequencies of insecticides application on B. tabaci population, PepYLCIV incidence and severity on two chili varieties with different resistance to Geminivirus. The experimental design used was a Split Plot Design. The main plots were chili varieties consisting of Baja MC F1 and Pilar F1. Sub-plots were the frequency of insecticides application which consisted of three levels, those are: not applied, applied once a week, and applied twice a week. Parameters observed were B. tabaci population, disease incidence and severity which carried out every week (starting 23 days after planting). The results showed, the use of insecticides and varieties with different resistance to Geminivirus had no effect on suppressing B. tabaci populations during the rainy season. Thus, chili plants didn’t need insecticides application during the rainy season. The use of resistant varieties can reduce the incidence and severity of chili yellow leaf curl disease, but both varieties reacted similarly to B. tabaci.
Effect of pollination method on true shallot seed formation improvement
Authors: Purnamasari N R , Haryati Y , Hamdani K K , Dianawati M
Published: September 2023

Producing seeds from shallot flower requires proper pollination techniques to form pithy seeds. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of several pollination methods in producing true shallot seeds (TSS). The research was conducted in Cilame Village, Ngamprah District, West Bandung Regency, West Java at an altitude of 900 m asl. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of four treatments and six replications. The treatments are pollination methods: control (natural pollination), using a brush, using stroking/bare hand method, and a combination of using a brush and stroking. Pollination treatment was carried out when the flowers have bloomed for three consecutive days. The variables observed were plant height, number of tillers, number of flowers per clump, umbel diameter, number of capsules per umbel, and seed production per umbel. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and if the results of the F test were significantly different, it was continued with DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) and correlation. The result showed that pollination by stroking is the most effective to increasing TSS production per umbel. Seed production per umbel by stroking was 0.89g and control (natural pollination) was 0.23g. Stroking method increased TSS production per umbel by 74.16 % compared to control. Therefore, the method could become an alternative to increase the formation of TSS in overcoming the limitations of natural pollinator.
Seed purity assessment of two local upland rice cultivars of Southeast Sulawesi based on agronomic characteristics
Authors: Wijayanto T , Suryaningsih  , Setiawan A , Mandia R , Syafirah  , Ismail  , Boer D , Arsyad M A , Rahni N M , Dedu L A , Asniah  , Hisein W S A , Satrah V N
Published: September 2023

This research intended to purify upland rice seeds that have presumably been unintentionally mixed with various types of rice seeds, causing decreased quality or nature of the superior upland rice cultivars. Seed purification effort is needed to restore the purity of the seeds of promising local upland rice cultivars. The second long term goal of this research was to produce basic pure seeds, that are required for further breeding programs, and/or for the purpose of releasing new varieties. This study was the second generation of purification effort, aimed to further select the same or uniform agronomic characteristics of the local upland rice cultivars in each seed lot. Similar with the first generation, the experiment used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 15 seed lots as treatment and each seed lot consisted of 4 “grids” (replications). This research was conducted at the Field Laboratory, Experimental Garden II, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. The results showed several characters (i.e., plant height, leaf number, and tiller number etc.) of the two rice cultivars were seem more uniform as compared to the first generation of purification. This indicates that the seeds are gradually purer.
The relation between vegetation indices of the generative stage with productivity of paddy fields
Authors: Kusdilawana  , Samsuar
Published: September 2023

Maros regency is one of the agricultural areas in South Sulawesi which is a large rice area. Sourced from BPS data (Central Statistics Agency), both rice production and productivity in Maros Regency have decreased fluctuatingly over the last three years. Knowledge related to rice productivity is very important to know in order to support food security. Geographic information system is one of the modern technologies that can be used in estimating rice productivity which then utilizes Sentinel-2 Image data. In its use, a spectral transformation is used to display aspects of plant conditions such as vegetation index NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegettation Index), EVI (Enchanced Vegetation Index) and SAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index). The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between the vegetation index value of the generative stage and the productivity of paddy fields in Alatengae village. The method used is a simple linear regression method in estimating the relation between rice productivity and the vegetation index NDVI, EVI and SAVI. From the analysis of the relation between the vegetation index and rice productivity, there is a very strong (positive) correlation, where the higher the value of the vegetation index, it will be higher the plant productivity.
Identification of the potential use of sago midrib (Metroxylon sp.) as drip irrigation emitters for chili plants
Authors: Imastira  , Suhardi  , Munir A , Azis A , Mubarak H
Published: September 2023

Drip irrigation is an irrigation system that can save water by releasing a regulated amount of water and nutrients to the roots of plants using emitters. The use of emitters is one of the additional costs in the use of drip irrigation systems. Estimating the potential of fronds as emitters are done by measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity. The method used is falling head to determine the ability of emitter material made from sago fronds to pass water that can be used to meet the water needs of chili plants. The results showed that the average hydraulic conductivity value at the end sample was higher than the middle and base samples. The hydraulic conductivity values of the tip, middle and base are 0.0077 (m/s), 0.0022 (m/s), and 0.0020 (m/s), respectively. So that the tip-sample can be used as a drip irrigation emitter. The discharge produced by the emitters of tip samples 1 and 2 amounted to 1.252 and 1.424 l/day. Based on this discharge, the number of droppers for each phase of chili plant growth using sago frond emitters, namely at the base and center, requires two emitters in months 3 and 4. Meanwhile, the end frond emitter only requires two emitters in month three, and in other growth phases only requires one emitter.
Potential of encapsulated rambutan peel extract (Nephelium lappaceum) as a food preservative
Authors: Sitepu K M , Zainal
Published: September 2023

Rambutan peel is one of the agricultural wastes that is rarely used and contains several active compounds with antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial properties of rambutan peel can be used as a food preservative. However, these active compounds are unstable and degraded when exposed to air, heat, light, and water. This problem can be prevented by encapsulating the extract. There are two specific objectives of this study, knowing the types of active compounds contained in rambutan peel extract and determining the best coating material for encapsulated rambutan peel extract. The encapsulation process of rambutan peel extract was done by using thin layer drying method using maltodextrin, gum arabic, and gelatin as coating material. The encapsulated extracts were stored for one month and tested weekly. Test parameters of encapsulated rambutan peel extract were moisture content and antibacterial activity. The result showed that rambutan peel extract contains flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The use of maltodextrin and gum arabic as coating material was able to maintain bacterial inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus during storage, while the use of gelatin as coating material can only maintain up two weeks of storage. The result also showed that rambutan peel extract could not maintain bacterial inhibition against Escherichia coli during storage.
Effect of heating temperature on physical, functional, and digestibility properties of Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC)
Authors: Andoyo R , Diani A Z , Fetriyuna F
Published: September 2023

Whey protein is a substance that is derived from the production of cheese. In its native form, whey protein has problems in its application in food products because it can cause a hard texture that affects sensory acceptance. It is necessary to modify the functional properties of whey protein so that it can be used more widely in the food industry. One of the modifications of whey protein is the heating treatment. The process was carried out by preheating at 70, 80, and 90°C. Then centrifuged for 15 minutes at 6000 rpm, then dried the solids using an oven vacuum at 50°C with a pressure of 25 inHg. The functional properties tested in this study were microstructure morphology, solubility, gel texture, voluminosity, and protein digestibility. The morphology of WPC powder produced significant differences between native and heating treatment. The microstructure results using TEM showed that the shape of native WPC was spherical and porous, while the heating treatment was flake-shaped. In terms of particle size distribution, native WPC and 80°C treatment have a bimodal pattern, while 70 and 90°C treatment have a unimodal pattern. As the heating temperature increases, the protein solubility will be getting lower. The lowest solubility was obtained at 90°C (16.04 ± 0.74%). Hardness produced in the gel with heating temperature significantly different than the native with the decreasing pH, the hardness produced will be higher. The fastest acidification rate produced until the final pH of 4.4 was at 80 and 90°C (270 minutes), which was faster than native (295 minutes). The heating treatment increase significantly differently in voluminosity than the native. Protein digestibility resulted in a significant difference between native and 80°C, where at 80°C (30.76 ± 0.07%), protein digestibility was higher than native (27.38 ± 0.09%).
The effect of modified (preheated) soybean concentrate powder on high protein biscuit
Authors: Huda S , Taira Y , Rahimah S , Nurhasanah S
Published: September 2023

Protein is a key structural component in many foods. Soybeans are a plant-based protein source, that is used in food. Soy concentrate is generally high in nutrients, particularly protein, with an essential amino acid profile that is immense in plant products and closely resembles animal protein. In increasing the characteristics of processed soybean products, such as physical modification, namely the preheated process. The preheated process is a physical modification that requires heating the product at a specific temperature and time, with the aim of reaching the protein denaturation point for improving the functional characteristic of protein contents. Greater public interest in healthy diets, leading to contributes to the development of protein-enriched foods, one of which is biscuits. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of modified preheated soybean concentrate powder in the physical characteristic of high protein biscuits (11 - 15%). Texture characteristics, macrostructure, and sensory quality of biscuits were studied. In this study, soy protein was preheated for 20 minutes at a temperature of 80°C. The results showed that preheated treatment affected a decrease in texture quality compared to control biscuits, also it induced a decrease in porosity of biscuits, compared to control. The preheated treatment that reaches the denaturation point simulate improving the physical characteristic of biscuit, one of which is not give an excessive textural effect in the formulation of high-protein food. The best-preheated treatment was found in an 11% soy biscuit with a great texture.ImageJanalysis of macrostructural test results revealed that the porous biscuits were found in 11% preheated soy biscuits. According to the comparison sensory, triangle test, the panelists cannot defined a pair of control and 11% soy biscuit.
The effect of ripening methods and duration on the ripeness level of kepok banana
Authors: Haerani H , Aco A H A , Mursalim
Published: September 2023

Ripening is one of the methods used in speeding up the ripeness of kepok bananas and in ensuring the uniformity ripeness. Ripening bananas can be done by using plant leaves, including gamal leaves, lamtoro leaves and banana leaves. The objective of this study was to obtain the best ripening method of leaves and ripening duration for kepok bananas, which do not reduce the quality of bananas. The research method used was a laboratory experiment with data analysis. In this study, four treatments were used in ripening the bananas, i.e. (1) without using any leaves (control), (2) using banana leaves, (3) using gamal leaves and (4) using lamtoro leaves. Each treatment has 3 replications. The amount leaves used in this study was 20% of the weight of bananas. Parameters observed in the ripening process were (1) weight loss, (2) color, (3) hardness (texture), and (4) total dissolved solids. The best value produced for leaves ripening methods was gamal leaves for 5% weight loss parameter, banana leaves for texture parameter and color parameter with value of L* 41.80, a* -0.81, b*15.74, and lamtoro leaves for TPT value of 26.27 Brix.
A bibliometric analysis of understanding absorbent food for the development of sustainable packaging
Authors: Dirpan Andi , Djalal Muspirah , Prahesti Kusumandari Indah , Bahmid Nur Alim , Asab Sudarmayanti
Published: September 2023

Absorbent packaging is a form of food packaging designed to absorb excess liquid and moisture that may be present in food products. This article provides a bibliometric analysis of the literature on food-absorbent packaging. The analysis was conducted using the Scopus database, and 121 documents were selected for the study. According to the study’s findings, the number of publications on food absorbent packaging has grown over time. As productive countries, the majority of the investigations were undertaken in China, the United States, and Brazil. The study also revealed that the most popular absorbent food packaging research topics are developing new materials, optimizing packaging performance, and evaluating the effectiveness of absorbent packaging in preserving food quality. In addition, a number of emerging research topics were identified, such as the application of nanotechnology to absorbent packaging and the development of biodegradable absorbent materials. This bibliometric analysis sheds light on the current state of absorbent food packaging research and identifies potential areas for future study. Researchers, food industry professionals, and policymakers can use the findings of this study to develop and implement more effective and environmentally favorable food packaging solutions.
Application of coconut shell biochar and rhizobacteria consortium to increase cocoa production (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Laurenze R , Ala A
Published: September 2023

This research is aimed to study and investigate how coconut shell biochar interacts with rhizobacteria in increasing cocoa plant growth and production. This research was conducted at Kodeoha, North Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi with an alluvial soil type and average rainfall is 192.17 mm from October 2022 until January 2023. The experiment was set using a split plot design with biochar dosage as the Main Plot consisted of four levels, namely 0 ton ha−1 (control), 2.5 ton ha−1, 5 ton ha−1, and 7.5 ton ha−1 and rhizobacteria concentration as Sub Plots consisted of four levels, namely 0 mL L−1, 50 mL L−1, 100 mL L−1, and 150 mL L−1. The results of the recent research show a significant interaction between biochar 10 ton ha−1 and rhizobacteria 150 mL L−1 on the parameter of percentage of cherelle wilt (60.47 %) and percentage estimated of surviving pods (28.68%). This doses suggested to be applied to cocoa plantations in the field to maintain maximum production. In addition, there is a need for further research using spesific bacteria especially potassium solvents in order to maximize the production potential.
Substitution of cassava, wheat and carrot on wet noodles to support local food
Authors: Dewayani W , Rapi S , Muslimin  , Sudarsono  , Islam A N P
Published: September 2023

Cassava is one of Indonesia’s local carbohydrate sources, ranking third after rice and corn. Cassava flour can be used to make noodles. One way to increase the nutritional value of noodles is to fortify nutrition with carrots. This study aims to determine the effect of substituting cassava flour with the addition of carrots on the quality of wet noodles. This study used a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that substituting cassava, wheat and carrot significantly affects the moisture content, β carotene, colour, texture, flavour and taste of wet noodles. Wet noodles that meet SNI standards treatment A (100% wheat + 0% cassava + 0% carrot), treatment B (70% wheat + 20% cassava + 10% carrot) and treatment D (10% wheat + 60% cassava + 30% carrot). The highest β carotene content and the best sensory was produced in the D treatment (10% wheat + 60% cassava + 30% carrot) with moisture 33.26%, β carotene 0.98 µg, a colour score of 3.93, texture score of 3.55, flavour score of 3.79 and taste score 3.71.
Growth and yield of seed priming using golden snail fertilizer liquid organic with on the katokkon chili variant
Authors: Yanti N A , Kaimuddin
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to increase the germination and growth of chili plants by using the seed priming technique with golden snail liquid organic fertilizer. The survey was conducted from August 2021 to February 2022 in Buntudatu Village, Tana Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi Province, at an altitude of 900 m a.s.l. This research was carried out in the form a split-plot design. Experiment using a randomized block design (RBD).This experiment consists of two factors. The first was a 3-step cultivar, and the second was a subplot, concentration (T) of liquid organic fertilizer solution, which consisted of 3 steps and was repeated 3 times for each treatment, so we had 27 experimental units. The results showed that the treatment with the Katokkon pepper variety had an effect on the remaining fruit weight (89.97 g). The best results were obtained in the treatment with the Leatung 2 (V3) variant and the administration of golden snail liquid organic fertilizer at a concentration of 20 ml/L of water.
Effect of three fungi species application and concentration on production and pest attack on shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Cennawati  , Syam’un E , Haring F
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine the influence of three types of beneficial fungi with various concentration of application on shallot production and pest attacks. This research was carried out at the Plant Disease Laboratory and Teaching Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, from September to November 2022. This research was arranged in a split plot design. The main plots are three types of fungi, namely Trichoderma asperellum, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, while the plot consists of concentration consisting of 0, 7, and 14 g/L. Results showed that there was no interaction that had an influence on production, bulb moisture content, production per hectare and the percentage of Spodoptera exigua attacks. The highest production per hectare was recorded in the Beauveria bassiana treatment of 15.97 tons. The application of the fungus at a concentration of 14 g/L producing the lowest weight loss of bulb 3.17%, production per hectare of 17.27 t and the lowest percentage of Spodoptera exigua attacks was 6.19%.
The Growth of Pak Choy (Brassica rapa L.) on the microalgae (Spirulina platensis) biomass-based nutrient solution
Authors: Adi E B M , Priadi D , Deswina P , Agustini N W S
Published: September 2023

Microalgae (Spirulina platensis), as an organic nutrition source, may play an important role in stimulating the nutritional needs of Pak Choy (Brassica rapa) in a hydroponic system. This study aimed to use S. platensis dry biomass as a nutrient source of Pak Choy grown hydroponically compared to commercial hydroponic nutrients (ABmix) as a control in screenhouse conditions. The experiment was arranged in a factorial design, the first factor was maceration time (0, 1, and 2 weeks), and the second was the concentration of S. platensis solution (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 g/l, and ABmix). The experimental design was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The observed variables were plant height, total leaf, fresh weight of root, shoots, total weight, and chlorophyll content. The results showed that there was no interaction in all observed variables. The maceration treatments did not affect the plant growth, except for plant weight (23.6 g) and leaf width (0.8 cm). However, S. platensis concentration treatments affected all observed variables significantly (p<0.01). On the other hand, all treatments showed tip burns three to four weeks after planting. It concluded that organic substances from S. platensis dry biomass have a potential use as hydroponics nutrient solutions. However, further study needs to be conducted to obtain the optimum treatments (concentration and maceration time) to produce healthier vegetables.
Farmers response to introducing of integrated crop management technology for lowland rice in Konawe district
Authors: Sugiman Sri Bananiek , Fadwiwati Andi Yulyani , Bungati  , Raharjo Didik
Published: September 2023

One of the efforts to spur national rice production is through the application of location-specific technological innovations, which is believed to support the program to increase national rice production when applied by farmers as recommended. The study aims to determine the response of farmers to the components of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology for lowland rice. The study was carried out in April - August 2021, located in Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. Respondents were 25 farmers who were involved in the NEW SUPERIOR VARIETY paddy rice demonstration plot. The response of farmers to the observed lowland rice farming technology refers to the component of rice Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology, which consists of: perfect tillage, quality seeds, lowland rice new superior variety, planting methods, use of organic matter, fertilization, pest management and disease and timely harvest. Data were analyzed with a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study of farmers’ responses to the ICM technology components obtained, the response rate of farmers was 88%, included in the high category. This means that 88% of the introduced ICM technology components are accepted by farmers. Partially, the level of response of farmers to the components of ICM technology are: perfect tillage (100%), quality/labeled seeds (100%), organic matter (100%), timely harvest (100%), fertilization (90%), pest and disease management (80%), lowland rice NEW SUPERIOR VARIETY (75%), tapin and atabela Jarwo (60%).