bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 2011 Oichalia (SW Peloponnese, Greece) seismic swarm: Geological and seismological evidence for E-W extension and reactivation of the NNW-SSE striking Siamo Fault
Authors: Ganas A. , Lekkas E. , Kolligri M. , Moshou A. , Makropoulos K.
Published: January 2017

The Upper Messinia basin (Peloponnese, Greece) hosted a seismic swarm during the second half of 2011. The geological evidence (surface breaks striking N160°E), the seismological data (distribution of relocated earthquakes and T-axis orientation) and severe damage distribution are aligned along the eastern margin of the basin, so as they are attributed to reactivation of the bordering NNW-SSE normal fault. In particular, the rupture of the 14 August 2011 M=4.8 event is associated to the surface breaks inside the village Siamo. The length of the reactivated fault is estimated as 7 ±1 km based on the longest dimension (NW-SE) of the swarm epicentres (June to October 2011). The mode of rupture of the Siamo fault is probably related to a) the change in stress field orientation from south to north inside the basin (from E-W extension in the Siamo – Katsaro area to N-S extension in the north of Oichalia area) and/or b) to the occurrence of magmatic fluids due to the proximity of Messinia to the Hellenic subduction.
Mapping erosion and deposition changes in the protected wetlands of the Axios River Delta, N. Greece using remote sensing and GIS.
Authors: Griffiths H. M. , Kalivas D. P. , Petropoulos G. P. , Dimou P.
Published: January 2017

Our study explores the use of a range of image processing methods combined with Landsat TM imagery for mapping the morphodynamics of the delta of the Axios River, one of the largest rivers of Greece, between 1984 and 2009. The techniques evaluated ranged from the traditional spectral bands arithmetic operations to unsupervised and supervised classification method. Changes in coastline morphology and erosion and deposition magnitudes were also estimated from direct photo-interpretation of the TM images, forming our reference dataset. Our analysis, conducted in a GIS environment, showed noticeable changes in the coastline of the study area, with erosion occurring mostly in the early periods followed by deposition later on. In addition, relatively similar patterns of coastline change were obtained from the different approaches, albeit of different magnitude. The differences observed were largely attributed to the varying ability of the different approaches to utilise the spectral information content of the TM data, strongly linked to the relative strengths and weaknesses underlying the implementation of the different techniques. Notably, supervised classifiers based on machine learning showed the closest results to the photo interpretation of TM, evidencing a promising potential for monitoring shoreline changes over long timescales in a cost-effective and rapid manner.
Retrieval of similar topographic areas.
Authors: Kokinou E. , Panagiotakis C. , Kinigopoulos Th.
Published: January 2017

Image processing and understanding and further pattern recognition comprises a precious tool for the automatic extraction of information using digital topography. The aim of this work is the retrieval of areas with similar topography using digital elevation data. It can be applied to geomorphology, forestry, regional and urban planning, and many other applications for analyzing and managing natural resources. In specifics, the user selects the area of interest, navigating overhead a high resolution elevation image and determines two (3) parameters (step, number of local minima and display scale). Furthermore the regions with similar relief to the initial model are determined. Experimental results show high efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Utilization trials of lignite solid byproducts of West Macedonia and Peloponnesus lignite fired power plants for the production of lightweight aggregates
Authors: Anagnostopoulos I. , Lampropoulou P. , Tzevelekou Th. , Stivanakis V. , Kastanaki A. , Papamantellos D.
Published: January 2017

The production of lightweight aggregates from the utilization of solid byproducts [fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA)], of the lignite fired power plants from West Macedonia (Kardia, Ptolemaida) and Peloponnesus (Megalopolis), has been investigated in this study. Sintering of FA and BA with the grate sinter band method was selected because it exploits the energy content of the raw materials for the increase of temperature and completion of the material’s sintering. These byproducts contain the necessary carbon content for temperature increase during the sintering process. Detailed XRD analyses show that Megalopoli’s FA contains high amounts of amorphous phase (25-54wt%) while fly ashes from Kardia and Ptolemaida power units are more crystalline. Lime and anhydrite are the most abundant crystalline phases in Ptolemaida’s and Kardia’s fly ashes. The bottom ashes revealed high percentages of amorphous content (58-64wt%) and anorthite and quartz as the major crystalline phases. Mixtures of different BA/FA ratios were prepared for sintering tests. The sintered mixtures from Kardia’s and Ptolemaida’s regions did not have sufficient mechanical properties for further treatment. The sintercake produced from Megalopolis’ ashes exhibited good mechanical properties and was selected for further study for use as light aggregate raw materials to the lightweight concrete production.
Relationship between phosphates mineralogy and mineral processing - The case of Greece
Authors: Anastassakis G.
Published: January 2017

Phosphorus is one of the most important elements for life and growth of plants, animals and humans. Its absence or depletion from the soil necessitates their addition in the form of fertilizers. The only realistic source of elemental phosphorus and phosphoric fertilizers on commercial scale is phosphate rock. The importance of phosphate rocks becomes greater by taking into account that phosphorus can’t be obtained by recycling processes as well as that there are no substitutes for it in agriculture. In most cases, phosphate deposits have to be processed in order to meet the commercial requirements. In the current paper, it is presented the various forms of phosphate deposits, the participating minerals in each case and the effect of mineralogical composition on the beneficiation method applied. Finally, details on the phosphate deposits of Greece are presented, their mineralogy, and the possibility of their beneficiation.
Marine geology data accessibility in the European Framework: The I.G.M.E. participation in the GEO-SEAS project.
Authors: Zananiri Ι. , Mitropoulos D. , Zimianitis V. , Ioakim Chr. , Papadopoulos V. , Efthimiou G.
Published: January 2017

During more than 30 years of activity and participation in numerous research projects, the Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Greece has carried out extensive work in marine geology and a vast amount of data has been collected. In order for those data to be available and used by the international scientific community, a need for standardization and harmonization was imminent. Towards this scope IGME, along with 25 other marine geological and geophysical data centres, located in 17 European maritime countries, participated in the GEO-SEAS project: the implementation of an e-infrastructure. The aim of the project was to enable users to identify, locate and access pan-European, harmonised and federated marine geological and geophysical datasets and derived data products held by the data centres through a single common data portal. All available data have been harmonized according to the GEO-SEAS guidelines and standards. Detailed metadata files were created, accompanied by the corresponding data and additional information files. The standardization, harmonization and provision of data and metadata, carried out through the GEO-SEAS project, are aligned with European directives and recent large-scale framework programs on global and European scales.
Petrological implications for the production of methane and hydrogen in hyperalkaline springs from the Othrys ophiolite, Greece.
Authors: Tsikouras B. , Etiope G. , Ifandi E. , Kordella S. , Papatheodorou G. , Hatzipanagiotou K.
Published: January 2017

Altered mafic and ultramafic rocks were studied in correspondence with hyperalkaline, CH4-bearing and very low-hydrogen spring waters in the Othrys ophiolite, whose chemical features are typical of present day serpentinisation. The H2 paucity is interpreted as the result of the incorporation of high-silica, aqueous fluids, probably derived from mafic rocks. The vein assemblage of serpentine + magnetite is related to circulation of low-silica fluids whereas serpentine + talc, tremolite after garnet and Fe-rich serpentine in the interior of serpentine veins reflect a late circulation of low-temperature (likely below 120 °C), high silica activity fluids. The highsilica conditions might have limited or interrupted the production of H2, which was subsequently consumed by CO2 hydrogenation to produce CH4. The lack of H2 could also be due to peridotite alteration by CO2-rich fluids. This would imply that the Othrys peridotites, among similar methane-bearing peridotites, may be considered as terrestrial analogues of Martian ultramafic rocks, which are thought to contribute to methane emission in the atmosphere of Mars. Understanding the mechanism of methane abiotic production will likely shed light to the details of some crucial aspects as the greenhouse-gas budget, the production of hydrocarbons and the origin of life on Earth.
Preliminary results of investigations of possible ground deformation structures in the early christian basilica, ancient Lechaion harbour, Corinth, Greece.
Authors: Minos-Minopoulos D. , Pavlopoulos K. , G. Apostolopoulos , Dominey-Howes D. , Lekkas E.
Published: January 2017

The Early Christian Basilica of Lechaion, Corinth, located on the western jetty of the ancient Lechaion harbour, was constructed during the late 5th century AD and archaeological excavations suggest that it was destroyed by seismic activity during 551-552 AD. Numerous depressions and buckling structures observed on the Basilica floor are indicative of ground deformation structures, likely associated with liquefaction. In an attempt to investigate the subsurface soil structure, and stratigraphy, a GPR survey and horizontal distribution of ground conductivity along ten selected transects was carried out, supplemented by stratigraphic data as described by archaeological trenches. The results of the study revealed subsurface deformation features providing sufficient indications that allow us to suggest that the surface structures observed on the Basilica floor are the surface expression of earthquake-induced ground liquefaction.
Engineering geological conditions of Klokova mountain, Greece.
Authors: Saroglou H. , Kazilis N.
Published: January 2017

The paper presents the engineering geological conditions of Klokova Mountain and discusses the problems, which relate with the presence of fault structures, karst features and steep rock slopes in relation to the existing and planned motorway. The engineering geological setting of the limestone formations is characterized by the development of karst and the fault presence. The karst pattern and an interpretation of the fault geometry of the area are presented based on geological mapping. Additionally, rockmass conditions are presented based on field data and borehole findings. The geotechnical conditions have been assessed by geotechnical investigations, which were executed for the design of the new highway. Finally, a risk assessment of the area due to rockfalls is presented, considering that the risk level is very high due to the presence of very steep and fractured slopes, formed partially parallel to fault surfaces, and the high seismicity of the broader area. Rockfall episodes are prone to occur under seismic loading during a strong earthquake in the area but also due to high rainfall incidents.
Depositional environments and hydrocarbon potential of the Miocene deposits of Zakynthos Island
Authors: Mpotziolis Ch. , Kostopoulou S. , Triantaphyllou M. , Maravelis A. , Zelilidis A.
Published: January 2017

Structure, sedimentary features, and biostratigraphy were taken into account to provide additional knowledge into the depositional conditions that influenced the sedimentary sequence along the southern coast of Zakynthos. This succession is exposed from Keri village to Ag. Sostis peninsula and appears to have been influenced by intense tectonic activity. The active tectonics resulted in the formation of at least four coarsening upward cycles. The co-occurrence of Bouma sequence subdivisions and slump horizons within the studied sediments suggest a deep-sea depositional environment. Grain size analysis indicates a regional swallowing upward trend. TOC and CaCΟ3 contents are presented with both positive and negative correlations while the TOC values indicate that the study area contain samples with source rock potential.
Clay minerals from the Arkitsa fault gouge zone, in Central Greece, and implications for fluid flow
Authors: Papoulis D. , Romiou D. , Kokkalas S. , Lampropoulou P.
Published: January 2017

Clay minerals in shallow fault rocks are increasingly recognized as key to the mechanical and seismogenic behavior of faults and fluid flow circulation within the fault core and the surrounding damage zone. We therefore studied faultgouge mineralogy from samples derived from the ENE-trending Arkitsa fault zone, in east-central Greece, in order to testify if the fault is acting as a channel for fluid flow and whether the conditions that characterize the flow can be identified. Clay-gouge samples were collected within the fault core zone, as well as in the broader fault damage area. Consequently, the samples were analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction, SEM and Electron microprobe analyses. The minerals that were identified within the centre of the fault zone are: Montmorillonite, corrensite, illite, micro-calcite, dolomite, quartz, plagioclase and K-feldspars. The absence of corrensite, a clay mineral usually formed in hydrothermal conditions, in the samples from the broader fault damage area indicates that the circulation of hydrothermal fluids is mostly confined within and around the fault core zone. The assemblages within the fault gouge zone and especially the presence of corrensite, combined with the absence of laumontite, indicate hydrothermal alteration at neutral to alkaline conditions and a temperature range at about 100-150 oC.
Delineation of recharge areas of the aquifer systems of Corinthia prefecture by the use of isotopic evidence
Authors: Antonakos A. , Nikas K.
Published: January 2017

The results of a ground water isotopic research program conducted during the period 2004-2008 by an IGME/Hydrogeology Department team in the area of North Korinthian prefecture are presented here. 69 ground water samples were collected during the period 6/2007 and analyzed in the laboratory of Isotope Hydrology of NCSR "Demokritos" for Oxygen isotopes δ18O and Tritium. From the spatial distribution of δ18O, the conglomerate aquifer systems seem to be recharging from their outcrop areas and possibly laterally from the karstic systems that outcrops in higher altitudes. The rest aquifer systems of the area seem to be recharging exclusively from their outcrop areas with the exception of the Vocha coastal alluvial aquifer which seem to be recharging almost totally from waters coming from higher altitudes. According to the spatial distribution of Tritium in both Sikion–Velo and Vrachati– Lechaio areas, low Tritium values are observed which are indicative of the fact that the aquifer system of those areas are recharged from vertical seepage from the riverbeds of Asopos and Rachiani rivers respectively. Contrariwise in the area of Krines–Zevgolatio the high values of Tritium reveal the lateral recharge from the adjacent marine terraces and marl aquifers
CONTRIBUTION TO THE LATE NEOGENE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE ANCIENT GORTYS AREA (SOUTHERN CENTRAL CRETE, GREECE)
Authors: Bellas S. , Keupp H.
Published: January 2017

Most of the basal Neogene sediments of Crete Island (South Aegean Sea) were unconformably deposited during synsedimentary extensional tectonics and subsequent transgression on the basement. This work mainly focuses on the marine stratigraphy of south central Crete and specifically on the sedimentary deposits of the Gortys subbasin-area located in the basin of Messara. Four selected profiles north of Gortys ancient ruins (Heraklion Province) are lithostratigraphically presented. Profiles Gortys-1 and -2 (combined to one: 1+2) represent the basal Neogene deposits (older strata-commence of sedimentation) and are interpreted as of fluviatile to lagoonal origin, while profiles Gortys-4 and - 4a are considered the younger, marine development of the Gortys subbasin. Between profiles –4 and –4a are developed evaporites of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC). Profiles are biostratigraphically studied and correlated on the basis of either identified macrofossils or calcareous and siliceous nannofossils. The recorded assemblages range in age from Serravallian-Tortonian to Messinian and Zanclean respectively. The good preservation and abundance of the fossil phytoplankton establishes a well-constrained biostratigraphic framework, which will further contribute to the understanding of the evolution of the Messara sedimentary basin.
NEW SIRENIAN FINDINGS FROM CRETE ISLAND
Authors: Svana K. , Iliopoulos G. , Fassoulas C.
Published: January 2017

In the last five years, the discovery of several new localities of fossil Sirenians found in the Neogene sediments of Crete has increased drastically the number of sirenian localities on the island. Some of the most important findings consist of almost complete post cranial skeletons (localities of Stilos, Panassos near Zaros and Tripitos in Agia Fotia near Siteia). Furthermore, the locality Kotsiana near Chania, where in 1973 Symeonidis and Schultz reported the first sirenian findings from Crete, was revisited and several new sites were recorded. The most recent findings not thoroughly studied yet, are situated in three new fossiliferous sites near Panassos village (Ampelouzos, Panasos 2 and Kefala), and in Afrata at Rodopou peninsula. The preliminary morphological and metrical study of the remains from Panassos and Tripitos, and their comparison with other findings from Crete, as well as with Sirenian material from European localities, has shown that all studied individuals belong to the species Metaxytherium cf. medium (Desmarest 1822). The age of the studied Cretan Sirenian material has been determined as Late Miocene (Tortonian) and the presence of Sirenia in Crete indicates the prevalence of shallow and warm marine environments in coastal areas, rich in sea weeds.
CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF LANGHIAN DEPOSITS IN LEFKAS (IONIAN ISLANDS)
Authors: Triantaphyllou M. V
Published: January 2017

Spanochorion composite section (NE Lefkas) and Aghios Vassilios section (W Lefkas) have been studied semiquantitatively for their calcareous nannofossil content. The calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, performed at the Paxos unit atypical flysch sediments of Aghios Vassilios section, permits their biostratigraphic correlation with the uppermost part of NN4 biozone and the lower part of NN5 biozones (Martini, 1971) or MNN4b and MNN5a (Fornaciari and Rio, 1996), which chronostratigraphically point to Early Langhian age and range between 15.974 and 14.53 Ma. Τhe most interesting biostratigraphic result is the detection of the Sphenolithus heteromorphus Paracme End at the base of Aghios Vassilios section, a biohorizon that marks the basal Langhian deposits in the Mediterranean region. The mollasic sediments of Spanochorion section are more or less of the same age, ranging between 15.5 and 14.53 Ma. The biostratigraphic results of the present study reinforce the hypothesis that the molassic sediments of NE Lefkas Island behind the Ionian thrust were isochronously deposited with Paxos atypical flysch sequences deposited in front of Ionian thrust, at least until Early Langhian times.
HYPOGENIC FEATURES IN MARONIA CAVE, THRACE, GREECE. EVIDENCE FROM MORPHOLOGIES AND FLUID INCLUSIONS.
Authors: Vaxevanopoulos M. , Melfos V.
Published: January 2017

The evolution of caves is usually controlled by meteoric water seepage into karst systems (epigenic process). In some cases, caves are formed by ascending fluids the aggressiveness of which is gained in depth. Such cavities are defined as hypogenic. Many caves considered previously as epigenic are now reinterpreted as hypogenic. Most Greek hypogenic caves are related with confined speleogenesis in karstic rocks near to impermeable rock exposures. At the present study the hypogenic features of the Maronia cave in Thrace of Greece, are described. The cave system is developed in a relatively thin layer of eroded Nummulitic limestones with a Middle Eocene age. Medium scale morphological characteristics such as cupolas and feeders indicate rising flow of solutions. In addition, fluid inclusion studies in selected calcite spars from the cave show elevated temperatures of formation (93 to 164ºC with two peaks at 100 and 140 ºC) from circulating hydrothermal fluids.
FOLLOWING THE TRACES OF NAXIAN EMERY – AN IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN GEODIDACTICS
Authors: Kritikou S. , Malegiannaki I.
Published: January 2017

During the school year 2007-08 the environmental team of Naxos 2nd Junior High school accomplished the project entitled “Following the traces of naxian emery”. The emery related topic was chosen due to the great importance of this mineral to the island’s life and geoenvironment. The main purpose of this project was to inform the students and also a broader public, outside Naxos, about emery - a material that played, since antiquity, a significant role in naxian society and culture, and Greek history in general. The project also intended to sensitize the students and the local community relatively to the sustainable development of regions that suffer of population and cultural decline. In a framework of research and artistic creation, the team created educational material concerning the emery issue, which is available to other schools – “The emery educational kit”. This consisted of a) an information booklet concerning the stone, b) a puzzle game relative to emery mining, c) an educational board game about emery and d) a documentary film produced by the team and entitled “Following the traces of naxian emery”.
ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΟΝΙΚΗ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗ – SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Authors: Geological Society of Greece Geological Society of Greece
Published: January 2017

no abstract available
OPERATIONAL MECHANISM OF KARST SPRING “LOGARAS”, NEAR THE VILLAGE “SKORTSINOU”, ARCADIA, (PELOPONNESUS)
Authors: Karalemas N. , Lekkas S.
Published: January 2017

This paper presents information on the behavior of the Logaras karst spring, which is located 2.5 km north of Skortsinou village of the Municipality of Falaesia. This spring discharges the water table hosted in the carbonate rocks located in the area among Skortsinou, Petrina, Soulario and Voutsaras Villages. This area consists of thin-platy limestones of Pindos Unit that overlay the “First Flysch” formation, which is the stratigraphic bedrock of the aforementioned limestones. Aiming at the accurate determination of the boundaries of the spring’s hydrological basin, the geological map of I.G.M.E., sheet “Megalopolis” (Papadopoulos 1997 και Luettig & Vingen 1964) was re-examined. The geological and tectonic observations that derived from this process contributed to the analysis of the spring’s mechanical operation. This led to the conclusion Logaras Spring is a contact spring. Furthermore, discharge measurements of the spring took place for the period from 24/6/2006 to 26/10/2007 and the relevant hydrograph was drawn, from which the recession coefficient was calculated. More particularly, the spring’s recession coefficient for the hydrological years 2005 – 2006 and 2006 – 2007 is 1,9·10-3 and 4,3·10-3 respectively, while the dynamic volume reach 5,4 • 106 m3 and 1,7 • 106 m3 respectively.
INTERNATIONAL HYDROGEOLOGICAL MAP OF EUROPE: SHEET D6 “ATHINA”
Authors: Nikas K. , Antonakos A. , Kallergis G. , Kounis G.
Published: January 2017

Hydrogeological maps adopting international standards and covering the whole Greek territory are lacking today in Greece. Sheet D6 - Athina of the International Hydrogeological Map of Europe, scale 1:1,5 million can serve, among many other uses, for such a map. Although relatively limited amount of hydrogeological information is conveyed in the map, because of its small scale, it can serve very well as a guide for information, teaching purposes, planning and scientific work. Besides, because it has fully adopted the standards set from a number of relevant organisations (IAH, IAHS, COHYM, CGMW, UNESCO etc) for the compilation of such kind maps, it can serve equally well as a model for the generation of larger scale Hydrogeological maps.
SOURCE PARAMETERS OF MODERATE AND STRONG EARTHQUAKES IN THE BROADER AREA OF ZAKYNTHOS ISLAND (W. GREECE) FROM REGIONAL AND TELESEISMIC DIGITAL RECORDINGS
Authors: Chousianitis K. , Agalos A. , Papadimitriou P. , Lagios E. , Makropoulos K.
Published: January 2017

The source parameters of all the moderate and strong events that occurred in the broader area of Zakynthos Island for the period 1997–2009 are determined using two different techniques depending on epicentral distance. For the strong events we employed teleseismic body-wave modeling between 30° and 90°, while for moderate events a regional moment tensor inversion approach was used. In both cases we used broadband waveform data with a good signal-to-noise ratio. The calculated focal mechanisms are representative of the displacement and strain fields of the broader area. Those associated with the Cephalonia transform fault are consistent with dextral strike-slip motion. The area between the island of Zakynthos and the Western coast of Peloponnese is also characterized by strike–slip faulting, while reverse faulting is mainly observed south of Zakynthos Island. Using both techniques, we also retrieved the source parameters of the biggest events of the seismic sequence of April 2006 near the southern coast of Zakynthos Island. The depths of the located events of the sequence vary mainly between 10 and 25 km. The fault plane solutions revealed thrust type faulting in all cases, something which can be related with upward motions in the southern part of the Island observed by DGPS measurements.
Η υποδοχή του Poe στην Ελλάδα και ο φακός του Ροΐδη
Authors: Μαυρέλος Νίκος
Published: January 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Η έννοια της πατρίδας στα μυθιστορήματα Φιλέλληνες της Μ. Κρανάκη και Camere separate του P.V. Tondelli
Authors: Ευαγγέλου Κωνσταντίνα Γερ.
Published: January 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Του Έρωτα καί των Πικρών Βασάνων: Μία Διακειμενική Ανάγνωση του Τρίπτυχου Ποιήματος «δός μου ορισμόν» του Μιχάλη Εφταγωνίτη
Authors: Αγαπητός Παναγιώτης Α.
Published: January 2017

[Δε διατίθεται περίληψη]
Two Independent Frontal Midline Theta Oscillations during Conflict Detection and Adaptation in a Simon-Type Manual Reaching Task
Authors: Töllner Thomas , Wang Yijun , Makeig Scott , Müller Hermann J. , Jung Tzyy-Ping , Gramann Klaus
Published: January 2017

One of the most firmly established factors determining the speed of human behavioral responses toward action-critical stimuli is the spatial correspondence between the stimulus and response locations. If both locations match, the time taken for response production is markedly reduced relative to when they mismatch, a phenomenon called the Simon effect. While there is a consensus that this stimulus-response (S-R) conflict is associated with brief (4–7 Hz) frontal midline theta (fmθ) complexes generated in medial frontal cortex, it remains controversial (1) whether there are multiple, simultaneously active theta generator areas in the medial frontal cortex that commonly give rise to conflict-related fmθ complexes; and if so, (2) whether they are all related to the resolution of conflicting task information. Here, we combined mental chronometry with high-density electroencephalographic measures during a Simon-type manual reaching task and used independent component analysis and time-frequency domain statistics on source-level activities to model fmθ sources. During target processing, our results revealed two independent fmθ generators simultaneously active in or near anterior cingulate cortex, only one of them reflecting the correspondence between current and previous S-R locations. However, this fmθ response is not exclusively linked to conflict but also to other, conflict-independent processes associated with response slowing. These results paint a detailed picture regarding the oscillatory correlates of conflict processing in Simon tasks, and challenge the prevalent notion that fmθ complexes induced by conflicting task information represent a unitary phenomenon related to cognitive control, which governs conflict processing across various types of response-override tasks.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans constantly monitor their environment for and adjust their cognitive control settings in response to conflicts, an ability that arguably paves the way for survival in ever-changing situations. Anterior cingulate-generated frontal midline theta (fmθ) complexes have been hypothesized to play a role in this conflict-monitoring function. However, it remains a point of contention whether fmθ complexes govern conflict processing in a unitary, paradigm-nonspecific manner. Here, we identified two independent fmθ oscillations triggered during a Simon-type task, only one of them reflecting current and previous conflicts. Importantly, this signal differed in various respects (cortical origin, intertrial history) from fmθ phenomena in other response-override tasks, challenging the prevalent notion of conflict-induced fmθ as a unitary phenomenon associated with the resolution of conflict.
Contact system activation and high thrombin generation in hyperthyroidism
Authors: Kim Namhee , Gu Ja-Yoon , Yoo Hyun Ju , Han Se Eun , Kim Young Il , Nam-Goong Il Sung , Kim Eun Sook , Kim Hyun Kyung
Published: January 2017

Background

Hyperthyroidism is associated with increased thrombotic risk. As contact system activation through formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) has emerged as an important trigger of thrombosis, we hypothesized that the contact system is activated along with active NET formation in hyperthyroidism and that their markers correlate with disease severity.

Subjects and methods

In 61 patients with hyperthyroidism and 40 normal controls, the levels of coagulation factors (fibrinogen, and factor VII, VIII, IX, XI and XII),D-dimer, thrombin generation assay (TGA) markers, NET formation markers (histone–DNA complex, double-stranded DNA and neutrophil elastase) and contact system markers (activated factor XII (XIIa), high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK), prekallikrein and bradykinin) were measured.

Results

Patients with hyperthyroidism showed higher levels of fibrinogen (median (interquartile range), 315 (280–344) vs 262 (223–300),P = 0.001),D-dimer (103.8 (64.8–151.5) vs 50.7 (37.4–76.0),P < 0.001), peak thrombin (131.9 (102.2–159.4) vs 31.6 (14.8–83.7),P < 0.001) and endogenous thrombin potential (649 (538–736) vs 367 (197–1147),P = 0.021) in TGA with 1 pM tissue factor, neutrophil elastase (1.10 (0.39–2.18) vs 0.23 (0.20–0.35),P < 0.001), factor XIIa (66.9 (52.8–87.0) vs 73.0 (57.1–86.6),P < 0.001), HMWK (6.11 (4.95–7.98) vs 3.83 (2.60–5.68),P < 0.001), prekallikrein (2.15 (1.00–6.36) vs 1.41 (0.63–2.22),P = 0.026) and bradykinin (152.4 (137.6–180.4) vs 118.3 (97.1–137.9),P < 0.001) than did normal controls. In age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis, fibrinogen, factor VIII, IX and XIIa,D-dimer, peak thrombin, neutrophil elastase, HMWK and bradykinin showed significant odds ratios representing hyperthyroidism’s contribution to coagulation and contact system activation. Free T4 was significantly correlated with factors VIII and IX,D-dimer, double-stranded DNA and bradykinin.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that contact system activation and abundant NET formation occurred in the high thrombin generation state in hyperthyroidism and were correlated with free T4 level.
Enfermedades periodontales necrotizantes II: Aspectos clínicos
Authors: Maita Véliz Luis V. , Castañeda Mosto María , Gálvez Calla Luis , Maita Castañeda Luis M , Navarro Contreras Carmen , Ramos Perfecto Donald
Published: January 2017

Se presenta una revisión de las enfermedades periodontales necrotizantes (EPN), sintetizando los aspec-tos clínicos, criterios de diagnóstico, etiología, evolución, diagnóstico diferencial, pronóstico y trata-miento.
Additive Manufacturing, Modeling and Performance Evaluation of 3D Printed Fins for Surfboards
Authors: Gately Reece D. , Beirne Stephen , Latimer Geoff , Shirlaw Matthew , Kosasih Buyung , Warren Andrew , Steele Julie R. , in het Panhuis Marc
Published: January 2017

We demonstrate that Additive Manufacturing (3D printing) is a viable approach to rapidly prototype personalised fins for surfboards. Surfing is an iconic sport that is extremely popular in coastal regions around the world. We use computer aided design and 3D printing of a wide range of composite materials to print fins for surfboards, e.g. ABS, carbon fibre, fibre glass and amorphous thermoplastic poly(etherimide) resins. The mechanical characteristics of our 3D printed fins were found to be comparable to commercial fins. Computational fluid dynamics was employed to calculate longitudinal (drag) and tangential (turning) forces, which are important for surfboard maneuverability, stability and speed. A commercial tracking system was used to evaluate the performance of 3D printed fins under real-world conditions (i.e. surfing waves). These data showed that the surfing performance of surfboards with 3D printed fins is similar to that of surfboards with commercial fins.
Regular Array of Magnetic Nano-Dots Prepared by Nanochannel Glass Replica Masks
Authors: Cheng Bo , Yang Kun , Justus B. L. , Yeh W. J.
Published: January 2017

In magnetic recording technology, barriers based on fundamental physical limits on the data density are being approached for the current longitudinal recording modes. However, demands for higher data storage density have escalated in recent years. Discrete perpendicular recording is a viable method to achieve 100 Gb per square inch and beyond. We report on the development of a novel technique to fabricate uniform arrays of nano-sized magnetic dots. Uniform arrays of nanometer-sized magnetic dots are obtained by magnetron sputtering deposition through a nanochannel glass replica mask. The platinum replica masks are fabricated using thin film deposition on etched nanochannel glass and contain uniform hexagonally patterned voids with diameters as small as 50 nanometers. The magnetic dot density can be as high as 1011 per square inch. Our method provides a simple yet effective way to create regularly arranged discrete magnetic media that can be used for perpendicular magnetic recording. The magnetic properties of the dots are studied with a vibrating sample magnetometer.
Carbon Nanotube Based Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation
Authors: Wincheski Buzz , Namkung Min , Paik Sun Mok , Smits Jan
Published: January 2017

Spin coherent transport in carbon nanotubes enables single-nanotube devices for magnetic field sensing. This unique transport property of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been studied for development into advanced sensors for nondestructive evaluation (NDE). Coupling of a single walled carbon nanotube to ferromagnetic electrodes is predicted to form a carbon nanotube magnetic tunnel junction. Fabrication of such devices has been performed through scanning probe and electron beam lithography. Purified single walled carbon nanotubes are deposited across electrodes to complete device fabrication. A spincoherent quantum transport theory based on a nonequilibrium Green's function method has been established to predict conductance and magnetoconductance across junctions. Experimental measurements of the room temperature conductance of Cobalt/SWCNT/Cobalt junctions have been performed.
Accuracy and Reproducibility of X-ray Texture Measurements on Thin Films
Authors: Vaudin Mark D. , Fox Glen R. , Kowach Glen R.
Published: January 2017

Rocking curve texture measurements were made on thin films of zinc oxide (ZnO) and platinum (Pt) using a powder x-ray diffractometer, and, in the case of ZnO, an area detector. The intensity corrections for defocussing and other geometric factors were made using a technique and associated software (Texture Plus*) developed at NIST. In both thin film systems, the texture was axisymmetric (fiber) and sharp, with full width at half maximum values of about 2.5°. Care was taken in the Pt case to ensure that the linear range of the x-ray detector was used to measure the intensities; for the ZnO data the degree of detector non-linearity was determined, and corrections were applied where necessary. The suitability of the Pt films for thin film texture standards was studied.
The Texture and Electrical Properties of Zr and ZrNxThin Films Deposited by Dc Sputtering
Authors: Liu Chuan-Pu , Yang Heng-Ghieh
Published: January 2017

Zr and ZrNxthin films are grown on Si(001) by DC magnetron sputtering. The detailed microstructure evolution and its corresponding electrical properties are systematically studied with various processing parameters including applied power, N2/Ar ratio, substrate bias and substrate temperature by 4-point probe, EPMA and XRD. It is found that while the negative substrate bias can decrease the resistivity of both Zr and ZrNxthin films, the texture microstructure of each thin film in the series is changed differently. As increasing N2/Ar ratio, the resistivity decreases in the beginning and then increases rapidly, which results from the variations of compositions and phases, while this minimum resistivity point shifts to a higher N2/Ar ratio for the films sputtered under higher applied power. The substrate temperature not only decreases the ZrNxfilm resistivity, but also increases the (002) preferred orientations most efficiently. The cause of each phenomenon is briefly discussed. Finally, two samples showing different degrees of (002) to (111) textures are annealed to investigate the diffusion barrier properties from a sandwich structure of Cu/ZrNx/Si(001). Results from 4-point probe reveal that the film with higher degree of (111) textures has a superior thermal stability.
A computer game to help people understand the energy performance of buildings
Authors: Patlakas Panagiotis , Raslan Rokia
Published: January 2017

Building users play an important role in determining the energy use of a specific building. Indeed, their behaviour could be one of the reasons behind the energy ‘performance gap’ observed in many buildings. Moreover, informed building users can promote the sustainability agenda through their consumer choices. This, however, raises the issue of understanding the energy performance of buildings. This paper presents an exercise on developing and testing a computer game which introduces players to the basic concepts of building energy performance. A software application was developed to visualise post-occupancy evaluation data in a dynamic three-dimensional context. A pilot study was used for assessing and fine-tuning the methodology, followed by the main study of two workshops with two different user groups: non-experts and entry-level specialists. The results are presented using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The findings suggest that the advantages and challenges of ‘gamification’ described in the literature are generally confirmed by the tentative evidence of this exercise. In addition, the process highlights the potential of novel ways of presenting building data in enabling more stakeholders to engage with the issue of building energy performance.
Interventional study to find out effect of human chorionic gonadotropin and antioxidants on idiopathic male infertility
Authors: Padvi Namrata V. , Singh Pooja P. , Nadkarni Kishore M. , Singh Prabhakar M.
Published: January 2017

Background: Male contributes about 50% for cases with combined male and female infertility. When the cause is not known, it is term as idiopathic infertility. It affects 25% of men. Many advances have been made in reproductive medicine which provides great opportunities, couples which were considered untreatable now have got chance to have their own babies. Various ART procedures like ICSI have been proven as an efficient therapy in severe male factor infertility. However, the cost per cycle and complications such as multiple gestations cannot be ignored. Medical management of infertility can be specific or empirical depending on etiology. Specific medical management is use when certain etiology is identified. However, in absence of specific etiology use of empirical medical treatment can be attempted in order to improve treatment results. In this study our aim is to evaluate the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and antioxidants on semen parameters in men with idiopathic male infertility.Methods: Thirty men with abnormal semen parameters were included in study. Patients were treated with injection hCG-2000 IU three times a week for three months along with the antioxidants. After 3 months of treatment repeat semen analysis were performed and results were compared with pre-treated seminal parameters.Results: Results showed significant increase in sperm count (p value ≤ 0.001), total motility (p value=<0.001), and progressive forward motility (p value = <0.001), while no significant difference is seen in rest of the parameters.Conclusions: Use of hCG and antioxidants in idiopathic male infertility can significantly improve seminal parameters in idiopathic male infertility.
Trend of HIV seroprevalence among antenatal women at tertiary care hospital in North India, eleven years retrospective study
Authors: Dwivedi Seema , Jahan Uruj , Srivastava Roli , Agnihotri Anshu
Published: January 2017

Background: Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is spreading worldwide at an alarming rate and India has third largest number of estimated people living with HIV/AIDS in the world. Estimating the HIV seroprevalence in a low risk population such as pregnant women provide essential information for monitoring trend of HIV in general population and assist in prevention from mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV infection. Only few studies are available from this part of northern India. So we carried out this study to find out seroprevalence of HIV in pregnant women at tertiary care hospital of Uttar Pradesh, India.Methods: Blood samples were collected from pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of GSVM Medical college, Kanpur, U.P, India. after pretest counseling and inform consent from September 2005 to July 2016. The samples are tested as per National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) guidelines.Results: Among 38794 pregnant women counseled, 34924(90.02%) accepted HIV testing. 102 women out of 34924 were found HIV seropositive with prevalence rate of 0.3%. Among seropositive women, majority were Hindu (88.2%), housewife (89.2%), multigravida (62.7%), studied up to primary or secondary (78.4%), of low socio-economic status (74.5%) and belongs to rural area (67.6%). Majority of HIV seropositive (34.3%) women were in age group of 25-30 years followed by 21-25years (25.4%). HIV seroprevalence rates showed an increasing trend from 0.14% in 2006 to 0.49% in 2016 (till July).Conclusions: Seroprevalence of HIV infection amongst antenatal women was 0.3%in past 11 years which is in increasing trend in contrast to other studies and slightly higher than national projection (0.29%). It concludes that it is right time to strengthen prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services by joint efforts of the private and public sectors.
A comparative study of partogram in normal labour with and without a constant caring companion
Authors: Rajgire Aditi , Borkar Kiran , Rajgire Aniket
Published: January 2017

Background: In today's world with the concept of changing childbirth, where there is a 'women centered approach', the idea of a constant caring companion has reemerged. In a busy labour ward patients may deliver safely but it may contribute to patient's dissatisfaction, as they do not feel cared for. The constant caring companion would prove an important asset to the doctor and nurses involved in the management of the women in labour.Methods: Prospective study carried out in 120 patients meeting inclusion criteria.Results: Patients with constant caring companion had significant lower percentage (13.3%) of pain level as compared to those without companion. The mean satisfaction score of the patients with ccc was 90.66 whereas the score of the group without ccc was 30.33 which statistically highly significant. 42 of the patients with ccc and 39 patients without ccc opted for known female relative as constant caring companion. All woman in the study group and 97% in the control group would recommend a constant caring companion to the pregnant woman.Conclusions: Women with a constant caring companion have a more fulfilling and satisfactory experience of the labour process which cannot be said about the women without ccc. Since no negative impact was observed due to the presence of a constant caring companion, this practice may be recommended. The constant caring companion would prove an important asset to the doctor involved in the management of labouring women.
A prospective study of 20 cases of maternal outcome in morbidly adherent placenta in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Vora Krishna , Chandana Pallavi , Patel Amrita , Jain Mahima
Published: January 2017

Background: Morbidly adherent placenta with its variants is one of the most feared complication causing high morbidity and mortality in obstetrics. Aim of this study is to help in identifying high risk pregnancies, planning line of management of morbidly adherent placenta. The objective of the study wad to evaluate the risk factors, different modes of management, maternal outcome in case of morbidly adherent placenta.Methods: A prospective study for one year was done to describe the incidence, causes, treatment, complications, and maternal morbidity and mortality associated with morbidly adherent placenta.Results: A total of 20 cases of morbidly adherent placenta were studied over one-year span at our Institute. Most of the women with morbidly adherent placenta were in the age group of 26-30years (55%).The most common aetiology of morbidly adherent placenta was previous caesarean scar with placenta praevia (85%). In majority, placenta accreta found. Total abdominal hysterectomy done in 12 patient and subtotal hysterectomy in 6 cases. Trial haemostasis with uterine sparing in 2 cases out of which one case underwent total hysterectomy due to massive haemorrhage on same day. Associated Bladder repair in adherent placenta with invasion of bladder was needed in 10% cases. There was 1 maternal death noted in this study.Conclusions: Leading cause of morbidly adherent placenta is previous caesarean section with placenta praevia, high index of suspicion, early antenatal diagnosis, planned surgery at high care centre with multi-disciplinary expertise, anticipation of blood volume transfusion, Delivery of foetus without manipulating placenta are key steps to reduce morbidity and mortality in morbidly adherent placenta. The decision to perform hysterectomy and conservative management to be individualized. Timely decision is the key to get success in morbidly adherent placenta as in other obstetric emergencies.