bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competition is Music Education the Loser?
Authors: Austin James R.
Published: August 2006

The process of music education is often colored by the competitiveness of our society. James Austin, an assistant professor of music education at Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, discusses the questions surrounding competition and suggests ways in which teachers can answer them.
Adapt your Teaching Style to your Students
Authors: Cutietta Robert A.
Published: August 2006

The effective teaching of college students requires strategies that are appropriate to the students' level. Robert A. Cutietta, assistant professor of music at Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, explains that teachers may have to adopt different teaching styles to match the needs of individual groups of students.
Bringing General Music Techniques to the Instrumental Class
Authors: Burnsed Vernon , Fiocca Pamela
Published: August 2006

Beginning instrumental study calls for many of the skills that are developed in elementary general music programs---and it can incorporate many of the same techniques. Vernon Burnsed, associate professor of music, and Pamela Fiocca, assistant professor of music at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, explain how.
Singing in America: Reviving a Tradition
Authors: Elliott Charles A.
Published: August 2006

Charles A. Elliott professor of music at the University of South Carolina, Columbia, looks at America's community song tradition and asks us which songs our children should be learning—both for their own enjoyment and so that they will come to better understand our country's heritage.
Elementary Music Con Moto
Authors: Neill Jack
Published: August 2006

Children's movement is a powerful and natural teaching resource that teachers sometimes fail to use. Jack Neill, a music specialist for the Manassas, Virginia, public schools, gives some suggestions for using movement in music education.
Crossing Disciplinary Lines for Music Learning
Authors: Shetler Donald J.
Published: August 2006

What can neurologists, visual artists, and sociologists tell music educators about music learning? Donald J. Shetler, professor emeritus and senior faculty associate at the Eastman School of Music, Rochester, New York, who coordinated the Eastman symposium on musical development and cognition, describes the event's highlights and explores the value of interdisciplinary studies.
Selecting Music for High School Pop Groups
Authors: Santy Jeff
Published: August 2006

How can teachers choose wisely among students' suggestions for popular songs? Jeff Santy, who teaches at Rhinelander High School in Rhinelander, Wisconsin, offers his solution.
Perspective on Evaluation
Authors: Boyle J. David
Published: August 2006

Evaluation of students, teachers, and programs is necessary and valuable for music education. J. David Boyle discusses the important types of evaluation, their functions, and their proper and effective use.
Assessing Your Program's. Effectiveness
Authors: Lehman Paul R.
Published: August 2006

The improvement of a school music program begins with an assessment of the current state of affairs. Paul Lehman, professor and senior associate dean of the University of Michigan's School of Music and past president of MENC, describes one approach.
Evaluating Student Achievement
Authors: Radocy Rudolf E.
Published: August 2006

Rudolf E. Radocy a music education professor at the University of Kansas, Lawrence, and the editor of the Journal of Research in Music Education, outlines some of the components of a fair and accurate evaluation of your students' music learning.
Japan's Naoaki Fukui and His World-Class Music School
Authors: Miyamoto Klyoshi , Carmichael Jocelyn
Published: August 2006

One of Japan's preeminent music conservatories, Musashino Academia Musicae, in Tokyo, is currently celebrating its sixtieth year. Kiyoshi Miyamoto, a staff member of the academy, and Jocelyn Carmichael, who spent a year there as a visiting professor of singing and now teaches at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, offer an in-depth look at the life of the school's extraordinary founder, Naoaki Fukui.
Careers in the Armed Forces: Opportunities for Musicians
Authors: Byrne Frank P.
Published: August 2006

The U.S. armed service music programs offer some of the best career opportunities available to professional musicians today. Frank Byrne, administrative assistant to the director of “The President's Own” U.S. Marine Band in Washington, D.C., outlines the options offered by each service branch.
Are You a Member of the Gifted and Talented Faculty?
Authors: Atterbury Betty W.
Published: August 2006

As more and more states establish guidelines and allocate funds for gifted and talented programs, music educators need to be aware of the issues that are involved in creating and running these programs. Betty Atterbury gives us an overview of the articles in this special focus.
The State of Gifted Education: Toward a Bright Future
Authors: Sisk Dorothy A.
Published: August 2006

Over time, special programs for bright students have varied depending on available funding and changing definitions of what it means to be “gifted.” Here, Dorothy A. Sisk, former director of the U.S. Office of Gifted and Talented and now Conn Chair Professor in Gifted Education at the College of Education at Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas, explores the ideas of the past and what they promise for the future.
Measuring Musical Giftedness
Authors: Richardson Carol P.
Published: August 2006

Many gifted and talented programs serve potentially gifted students as well as those with demonstrable talent. Carol Richardson, an assistant professor of music education at Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois, presents some guidelines to help you identify students who might benefit from special programs.
Speaking the “Gifted and Talented” Language: The Key to Program Success
Authors: Atterbury Betty W.
Published: August 2006

Clarifying what is meant by “gifted and talented music education” will help you develop effective programs and innovative curricula. Betty Atterbury, who teaches music education at the University of Southern Maine, Gorham, outlines program options.
Magnet Music Programs: A Look at the Issues
Authors: Von Seggern Marilyn
Published: August 2006

Music educators can play a role in ensuring the effectiveness of magnet programs. Marilyn Von Seggern, supervisor of music for Dade County (Florida) Public Schools, describes the benefits to be reaped—and some pitfalls to avoid.
Beyond Mainstreaming: Dealing with Diversity
Authors: Darrow Alice-Ann
Published: August 2006

A classroom is truly integrated only if the teacher makes an effort to include special students rather than just to accommodate them. Alice-Ann Darrow, assistant professor in the music education department of the University of Kansas, suggests twelve specific strategies to help all students “belong.”
Managing the Mainstreamed Classroom
Authors: Cassidy Jane W.
Published: August 2006

Teaching special learners in an integrated setting is often not as difficult as some teachers fear. Jane W. Cassidy, assistant professor of music education at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, details some organizational strategies to guarantee a smooth transition for both the student and the teacher.
Summer Music Programs: A World of Possibilities
Authors: Hadley Ted
Published: August 2006

Take advantage of the summer months to make music work for you, your students, and your program! Ted Hadley, who teaches band and general music in the Twin Falls (Idaho) Public Schools, presents a range of options.
Tools and Environments for Musical Creativity
Authors: Davidson Lyle
Published: August 2006

Encouraging creativity among students is a matter of providing an environment in which students have responsibility for their own learning. Lyle Davidson, lecturer in education at Harvard University's Graduate School of Education and chairman of the Undergraduate Theory Department at the New England Conservatory of Music, reviews the conditions needed for such learning.
Social influences on the development of foraging behavior in free‐living common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Schiel Nicola , Huber Ludwig
Published: August 2006

In this study we investigated the extent and pattern of social influences (i.e., the use of a conspecific as a model) on the foraging behavior of immature, wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) as a function of the age of individuals. We compared the foraging activities and interactions with subadult and adult group members (older than 15 months) of young infants (1–2 months old), older infants (3–4 months old), and juveniles (5–10 months old). In addition to measuring the intensities of model‐independent foraging (MIF) and merely paying attention to the model's foraging activities, we examined the frequencies of three types of model‐dependent foraging (MDF): “follow the model”, “manipulate the same object”, and “forage together”. We found that older infants were the most attentive and most socially‐influenced foragers among the three age categories in absolute terms, but were not more attentive than young infants given their low foraging activity. Juveniles, in contrast, tended to have reduced overall foraging intensity compared to infants, but showed relatively more MDF in cases in which they observed subadult or adult models. Female models appeared to be more attractive than male models. These findings suggest that infants are generally more attentive to the foraging behavior of subadults and adults than juveniles, with the latter being more influenced when they had observed a model before. These subtle age‐dependent effects of social foraging not only extend the assumption that young primates seek information from adults, they also suggest a complex interplay among physical and cognitive maturation, independence, and social dynamics. Am. J. Primatol. 68:1–11, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disease risk analysis: a paradigm for using health‐based data to inform primate conservation and public health
Authors: Jones‐Engel Lisa , Engel Gregory A.
Published: August 2006

Risk analysis is a multidisciplinary process used to evaluate existing knowledge in order to prioritize risks associated with the spread of disease. A principle aim of risk analysis is to facilitate the development of cost‐effective management strategies. Risk analysis calls for a multidisciplinary approach to piece together and integrate the numerous factors that influence disease transmission. The seven papers included in this volume of AJP present current primatological research as viewed through the prism of risk analysis. Issues such as interspecies disease transmission, public health, and conservation of endangered species are addressed, and risk analysis is put forward as a possible paradigm to promote understanding of infectious disease and its impact on nonhuman primate and human populations. Am. J. Primatol. 68:851–854, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using retrospective health data from the Gombe chimpanzee study to inform future monitoring efforts
Authors: Lonsdorf E.V. , Travis D. , Pusey A.E. , Goodall J.
Published: August 2006

Disease outbreaks, either in isolation or in concert with other risk factors, can pose serious threats to the long‐term persistence of mammal populations, and these risks become elevated as population size decreases and/or population isolation increases. Many chimpanzee study sites are increasingly isolated by loss of habitat due to human encroachment, and managers of parks that contain chimpanzees perceive that disease outbreaks have been and continue to be significant causes of mortality for chimpanzees. Major epidemics at Gombe National Park include suspected polio in 1966; respiratory diseases in 1968, 1987, 1996, 2000, and 2002; and sarcoptic mange in 1997. These outbreaks have led park managers and researchers working in Gombe to conclude that disease poses a substantial risk to the long‐term survival of Gombe's chimpanzee population. We surveyed behavioral data records spanning 44 years for health‐related data and found a combination of standardized and nonstandardized data for the entire period. Here we present the types of data found during the survey, discuss the usefulness of these data in the context of risk assessment, and describe how our current monitoring effort at Gombe was designed based on our findings. Am. J. Primatol. 68:897–908, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anthrax in Western and Central African great apes
Authors: Leendertz Fabian H. , Lankester Felix , Guislain Patrick , Néel Cécile , Drori Ofir , Dupain Jef , Speede Sheri , Reed Patricia , Wolfe Nathan , Loul Severin , Mpoudi‐Ngole E. , Peeters Martine , Boesch Christophe , Pauli Georg , Ellerbrok Heinz , Leroy Eric M.
Published: August 2006

During the period of December 2004 to January 2005, Bacillus anthracis killed three wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and one gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in a tropical forest in Cameroon. While this is the second anthrax outbreak in wild chimpanzees, this is the first case of anthrax in gorillas ever reported. The number of great apes in Central Africa is dramatically declining and the populations are seriously threatened by diseases, mainly Ebola. Nevertheless, a considerable number of deaths cannot be attributed to Ebola virus and remained unexplained. Our results show that diseases other than Ebola may also threaten wild great apes, and indicate that the role of anthrax in great ape mortality may have been underestimated. These results suggest that risk identification, assessment, and management for the survival of the last great apes should be performed with an open mind, since various pathogens with distinct characteristics in epidemiology and pathogenicity may impact the populations. An animal mortality monitoring network covering the entire African tropical forest, with the dual aims of preventing both great ape extinction and human disease outbreaks, will create necessary baseline data for such risk assessments and management plans. Am. J. Primatol. 68:928–933, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Schallschutz zwischen Reihenhäusern mit unvollständiger Trennung
Authors: Maack Jürgen
Published: August 2006

Mit zweischaligen Haustrennwänden mit durchgehenden erdberührenden Bauteilen (durchgehende Bodenplatte und ggf. durchgehende Kelleraußenwand) kann ein hochwertiger Schallschutz erzielt werden. Voraussetzung ist eine ausreichende flächenbezogene Masse sowohl der durchgehenden flankierenden Bauteile, als auch der zweischaligen Haustrennwand sowie eine geeignete räumliche Anordnung der schutzbedürftigen Räume. Dazu sind verschiedene Qualitäten der Trennung zu unterscheiden.

Es wird vorgeschlagen, einen abgestuften qualitativen Zweischaligkeitszuschlag im Bemessungs‐ und Nachweisverfahren nach Beiblatt 1 zu DIN 4109 einzuführen.

Anhand von Meßergebnissen für die Trittschalldämmung wird nachgewiesen, daß auch bei unvollständiger Trennung ein hochwertiger Trittschallschutz erreicht werden kann.
Kinetic Model for Reactivity in Quaternary Water‐in‐Oil Microemulsions
Authors: García‐Río Luis , Hervella Pablo
Published: August 2006

A study was carried out on the nitrosation of piperazine (PIP) and N‐methylbenzylamine (MeBzAm) by N‐methyl‐N‐nitroso‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (MNTS) in quaternary microemulsions of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTABr)/isooctane/alcohol/water, varying the nature and the concentration of the following alcohols: 1‐pentanol, 1‐hexanol, 1‐heptanol, 1‐octanol and 1‐decanol keeping the [1‐alcohol]/[TTABr] = 4 relationship constant. In addition a study was carried out on the influence of the alcohol concentration, working with molar relationships [1‐hexanol]/[TTABr]=3, 4 and 5. On the basis of the molar volumes of the alcohol and surfactant and the concentration of alcohol at the interface it was possible to calculate the change in its volume with as varying compositions of the microemulsion. In order to interpret the experimental results a kinetic model was devised which takes into account the distribution of the reactants between the different pseudophases and the change in the volume of the interface. The rate constants at the interface of the microemulsion are lower than in pure water and are independent of the nature of the alcohol used as a cosurfactant and the molar relationship [alcohol]/[TTABr]. This independence indicates that the main role of the cosurfactant is to increase the volume of the interface with the consequent dilution of the reactants.
Unexpected Reaction of the Unsaturated Cluster Host and Catalyst [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3]2+ with the Hydroxide Ion: Spectroscopic and Kinetic Evidence of an Inner‐Sphere Mechanism
Authors: Cugnet Cyril , Lucas Dominique , Lemaître Frédéric , Collange Edmond , Soldera Armand , Mugnier Yves , Harvey Pierre D.
Published: August 2006

The title cluster, [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3]2+ (dppm=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane), reacts with one equivalent of hydroxide anions (OH−), from tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (Bu4NOH), to give the paramagnetic [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3]+ species. Reaction with another equivalent of OH− leads to the zero‐valent compound [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3]0. From electron paramagnetic resonance analysis of the reaction medium using the spin‐trap agent 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO), the 2‐tetrahydrofuryl or methyl radicals, deriving from the tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent, respectively, were detected. For both [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3]2+ and [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3]+, the mechanism involves, in a first equilibrated step, the formation of a hydroxide adduct, [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3(OH)](n−1)+ (n=1, 2), which reacts irreversibly with the solvent. The kinetics were resolved by means of stopped‐flow experiments and are consistent with the proposed mechanism. In the presence of an excess of Bu4NOH, an electrocatalytic process was observed with modest turnover numbers (7–8). The hydroxide adducts [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3(OH)](n−1)+ (n=1, 2), which bear important similarities to the well‐known corresponding halide adducts [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3(μ3‐X)]n (X=Cl, Br, I), have been studied by using density functional theory (DFT). Although the optimised geometry for the cluster in its +2 and 0 oxidation states (i.e., cation and anion clusters, respectively) is the anticipated μ3‐OH form, the paramagnetic species, [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3(OH)]0, shows a μ2‐OH form; this suggests an important difference in electronic structure between these three species.
Phase II trial of pulse dactinomycin as salvage therapy for failed low‐risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
Authors: Covens Allan , Filiaci Virginia L. , Burger Robert A. , Osborne Raymond , Chen M. Dwight
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND

The purpose of the study was to determine the activity and toxicity of pulse dactinomycin as salvage treatment of patients with low‐risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) who failed methotrexate therapy.

METHODS

Eligible patients had persistent/recurrent low‐risk GTN defined by changes in serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels (<10% fall over 3 consecutive weekly titers, >20% rise over the previous value, or a rise after attaining institutional normal [>5 mu/mL]); World Health Organization (WHO) score 2–6; Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) performance status 0–1; and previous treatment restricted to methotrexate. Dactinomycin administration was 1.25 mg/m2 intravenous (i.v.) every 2 weeks until documented complete response (CR) or treatment failure. CR was defined as an institutional normal serum hCG level sustained for ≥4 consecutive weeks; treatment failure was a <10% fall (3 assays over 4 weeks) or >20% rise (over previous value) in hCG serum level. Levels were monitored biweekly × 8 weeks beyond the first normal value, then monthly × 10.

RESULTS

Five of 44 enrolled patients were ineligible due to choriocarcinoma and normal pretreatment serum hCG level (2 each), no history of methotrexate (1), and 1 patient with documented phantom hCG syndrome was unevaluable. In all, 28 of 38 (74%) evaluable patients attained CR. The median number of cycles was 4 (range, 2–10). Severe toxicity was minimal, causing no patient to discontinue therapy. All treatment failures achieved a CR after receiving subsequent chemotherapy; 3 patients also underwent hysterectomy.

CONCLUSION

Pulse dactinomycin is an active regimen for patients withlow‐risk GTN who fail previous methotrexate therapy. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Routine vaginal Pap test is not useful in women status‐post hysterectomy for benign disease
Authors: Farghaly Hanan , Bourgeois Danyel , Houser Patricia M. , Padmanabhan Vijaylakshmi , Lage Janice M. , Hoda Rana S.
Published: August 2006

The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPTF) has recommended that routine vaginal Pap (V‐Pap) screening is unnecessary for women status‐post (S/P) total hysterectomy (T‐Hyst) for benign disease (Guide to Clinical Preventive Services. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1996. p 105–118). However, many US women continue to have V‐Pap despite no risk for cervical cancer and minimal risk for primary vaginal cancer (JAMA 2004;291:2990). Herein, we report our experience with such patients.

Computerized data of patients S/P T‐Hyst for benign conditions over a 6‐yr‐period were retrospectively evaluated. Pap diagnoses of epithelial abnormalities (Ep Abnl), negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy with/without nonneoplastic findings (NILM‐NN and NILM), were reviewed based on three age groups: group A, 18–44 yr; group B, 45–64 yr; and group C, ≥65 yr (JAMA 2004;291:2990). A control group was used.

Of 1,860 T‐Hyst 1,303 (70%) were for benign disease. Of these 581/1303 (44.5%) patients had 819 current V‐Paps (range, 1–5; mean, 1.4). The 581 patients were group A, 288 (49.5%); group B, 272 (46.8%); and group C, 21 (3.6%). Overall, the 819 V‐Paps showed Ep Abnl, 28 (3.4%); NILM‐NN, 252 (30.7%); and NILM, 539 (65.8%). Of the 28 Ep Abnl, 19 (67.8%) were atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), and 9 (32%) were low‐grade vaginal intraepithelial lesions (LG‐VAIN). The NILM‐NN findings included organisms, atrophy, and endometriosis. On the basis of individual age groups, Ep Abnl were only seen in V‐Paps of 7/288 (2%) of group A and 21/272 (8%) of group B patients. In 23 control patients, 7/71 (9.8%) current V‐Paps showed Ep Abnl (ASCUS, 4 (57%); LG‐VAIN, 3 (43%)).

Continued V‐Pap in women S/P T‐Hyst for benign disease does not appear to be useful, particularly in those aged ≥65 yr. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:640–643. © 2006 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Color electroholography by virtual image reconstruction using single DMD panel
Authors: Takano Kunihiko , Sato Koki
Published: August 2006

Electroholography is a technique that can display moving 3D images by using an electronic spatial modulation optical device. Real image reconstruction methods using focusing lenses have been investigated in the past. However, these methods have problems, one being that the view field is limited by the lens characteristics. On the other hand, the virtual image reconstruction method discussed in this paper can present 3D images in a relatively wide view field and is expected to be a very effective means of 3D image presentation. Consequently, this paper considers a virtual image reconstruction method using a DMD as the reflection element. A DMD panel that can display images with high brightness is used, and virtual image reconstruction is applied. It is shown that relatively good color images can be displayed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(9): 44–52, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20303
Carbodiazenylation of Olefins by Radical Iodine Transfer and Addition to Arenediazonium Salts
Authors: Blank Olga , Heinrich Markus R.
Published: August 2006

Carbodiazenylation of olefins can be achieved with arenediazonium salts under reductive conditions. The method can be extended to aliphatic substituents when iodine compounds are present in the reaction mixture. Incorporation is achieved through a radical iodine transfer. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Voltammetric Determination of L‐Cysteic Acid at the Surface of p‐Bromanil Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Raoof Jahan‐Bakhsh , Ojani Reza , Ramine Maryam
Published: August 2006

The electrochemical properties of L‐cysteic acid studied at the surface of p‐bromanil (tetrabromo‐p‐benzoquinone) modified carbon paste electrode (BMCPE) in aqueous media by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and double step potential chronoamperometry. It has been found that under optimum condition (pH 7.00) in cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of L‐cysteic acid at the surface of BMCPE occurs at a half‐wave potential of p‐bromanil redox system (e.g., 100 mV vs. Ag|AgCl|KClsat), whereas, L‐cysteic acid was electroinactive in the testing potential ranges at the surface of bare carbon paste electrode. The apparent diffusion coefficient of spiked p‐bromanil in paraffin oil was also determined by using the Cottrell equation. The electrocatalytic oxidation peak current of L‐cysteic acid exhibits a linear dependency to its concentration in the ranges of 8.00×10−6 M–6.00×10−3 M and 5.2×10−7 M–1.0×10−5 M using CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods, respectively. The detection limits (2σ) were determined as 5.00×10−6 M and 4.00×10−7 M by CV and DPV methods. This method was used as a new, selective, rapid, simple, precise and suitable voltammetric method for determination of L‐cysteic acid in serum of patient's blood with migraine disease.
Minimum sequence requirements for selective RNA‐ligand binding: A molecular mechanics algorithm using molecular dynamics and free‐energy techniques
Authors: Anderson Peter C. , Mecozzi Sandro
Published: August 2006

In vitro evolution techniques allow RNA molecules with unique functions to be developed. However, these techniques do not necessarily identify the simplest RNA structures for performing their functions. Determining the simplest RNA that binds to a particular ligand is currently limited to experimental protocols. Here, we introduce a molecular‐mechanics based algorithm employing molecular dynamics simulations and free‐energy methods to predict the minimum sequence requirements for selective ligand binding to RNA. The algorithm involves iteratively deleting nucleotides from an experimentally determined structure of an RNA‐ligand complex, performing energy minimizations and molecular dynamics on each truncated structure, and assessing which truncations do not prohibit RNA binding to the ligand. The algorithm allows prediction of the effects of sequence modifications on RNA structural stability and ligand‐binding energy. We have implemented the algorithm in the AMBER suite of programs, but it could be implemented in any molecular mechanics force field parameterized for nucleic acids. Test cases are presented to show the utility and accuracy of the methodology. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2006
An algorithm for three‐dimensional Voronoi S‐network
Authors: Medvedev N. N. , Voloshin V. P. , Luchnikov V. A. , Gavrilova M. L.
Published: August 2006

The paper presents an algorithm for calculating the three‐dimensional Voronoi–Delaunay tessellation for an ensemble of spheres of different radii (additively‐weighted Voronoi diagram). Data structure and output of the algorithm is oriented toward the exploration of the voids between the spheres. The main geometric construct that we develop is the Voronoi S‐network (the network of vertices and edges of the Voronoi regions determined in relation to the surfaces of the spheres). General scheme of the algorithm and the key points of its realization are discussed. The principle of the algorithm is that for each determined site of the network we find its neighbor sites. Thus, starting from a known site of the network, we sequentially find the whole network. The starting site of the network is easily determined based on certain considerations. Geometric properties of ensembles of spheres of different radii are discussed, the conditions of applicability and limitations of the algorithm are indicated. The algorithm is capable of working with a wide variety of physical models, which may be represented as sets of spheres, including computer models of complex molecular systems. Emphasis was placed on the issue of increasing the efficiency of algorithm to work with large models (tens of thousands of atoms). It was demonstrated that the experimental CPU time increases linearly with the number of atoms in the system, O(n). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2006
A Glassy Bending‐Mode Polymeric Actuator Which Deforms in Response to Solvent Polarity
Authors: Harris Kenneth D. , Bastiaansen Cees W. M. , Broer Dirk J.
Published: August 2006

Summary: We investigate a series of glassy polymer actuators which are found to bend rapidly and reversibly in response to changes in the solvent environment. The actuators are based on hydrogen‐bonded liquid crystal networks, and bending motion is created using director profiles engineered to take advantage of the network swelling anisotropy. Strongly polar solvents easily swell the network, forcing bending in one direction, while the less polar solvents extract water to force bending in the opposite direction.

Shape variation of twisted configuration liquid crystal polymer films in acetone and water.

magnified image

Shape variation of twisted configuration liquid crystal polymer films in acetone and water.
Multi‐linearity algorithm for wall slip in two‐dimensional gap flow
Authors: Ma G. J. , Wu C. W. , Zhou P.
Published: August 2006

Wall slip has been observed in a micro/nanometer gap during the past few years. It is difficult to make a mathematical analysis for the hydrodynamics of the fluid flowing in a gap with wall slip because the fluid velocity at the liquid–solid interface is not known a priori. This difficulty is met especially in a two‐dimensional slip flow due to the non‐linearity of the slip control equation. In the present paper we developed a multi‐linearity method to approach the non‐linear control equation of the two‐dimensional slip gap flow. We used an amended polygon to approximate the circle yield (slip) boundary of surface shear stress. The numerical solution does not need an iterative process and can simultaneously give rise to fluid pressure distribution, wall slip velocity and surface shear stress. We analysed the squeeze film flow between two parallel discs and the hydrodynamics of a finite slider gap with wall slip. Our numerical solutions show that wall slip is first developed in the large pressure gradient zone, where a high surface shear stress is easily generated, and then the slip zone is enlarged with the increase in the shear rate. Wall slip dramatically affects generation of the hydrodynamic pressure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel polymer electrolytes containing chemically crosslinked gelators for dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Wang Li , Fang Shi‐Bi , Lin Yuan
Published: August 2006

Novel polymer electrolytes based on ionic liquid with no volatile solvents containing chemically crosslinked gelators were prepared for quasi‐solid dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The polymer electrolytes can keep over 90% of the ionic liquid electrolyte performance. The two constituents of the chemically crosslinked gelators, polypyridyl‐pendant dendritic derivatives and multifunctional halogen derivatives, respectively, are suitable for solidification of ionic liquid electrolytes in DSCs by in situ polymerization. The ionic conductivity and photoelectrochemical performances of different polymer electrolytes were evaluated and discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thinner‐film plastic photovoltaic cells based on different C60 derivatives
Authors: Yang Chunhe , Li Yongjun , Hou Jianhui , He Chang , Tan Zhan'ao , Fan Benhu , Zhou Yi , Sun Qingjian , Li Yuliang , Li Yongfang , Zhu Daoben
Published: August 2006

In order to fabricate tandem‐structured polymer photovoltaic cells, thinner‐film photocells with different soluble C60 derivatives as the acceptors are fabricated and characterized in detail. It is shown that the aggregation, derived from the compatibility and the dispersion, of the acceptors in the polymer matrix (the donor) determines the film forming properties, the optimized content of the acceptors, the best thickness of the blend film for devices, and the apparent power conversion efficiency of the corresponding photocells. In the photocells with MEH‐PPV [poly(2‐methoxyl‐5‐2′‐ethylhexyoxyl‐1,4‐phenylene vinylene)] as the donor, the device with a film thickness of only 60 nm, HN‐C60 as the acceptor exhibits the better power conversion efficiency of 1.6% than that of PCBM as the electron acceptor which is employed widely in the investigation of high‐efficiency polymer photovoltaic cells. The series resistance and the shunt resistance of the different photocells are also extracted and analyzed as a result of the aggregation of polymer and C60 molecules in the active layer to explain the performance of the photocells based on the distribution of acceptors in the active blend films. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer/unsaturated polyester/glass fiber in situ hybrid composites
Authors: Yu Xian‐Bao , Wei Chun , Zhang Fa‐Ai
Published: August 2006

In situ hybrid composites of thermotropic liquid‐crystalline polymer (TLCP), unsaturated polyester (UP) and glass fiber (GF) have been successfully prepared by melt mixing technology. The mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties and the morphologies of these in situ hybrid composites have been studied by static mechanics analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The static mechanical test results showed that the impact strength and the bending strength, bending modulus, specific strength and specific modulus of the in situ hybrid composites tend to increase with the increase of TLCP content for the composites containing TLCP content below  5%. DMA results indicate that the microstructure of curing network, glass transition temperature and obdurability of composites with TLCP content below 5% have been improved. Scanning electron microscope observations revealed that the interfacial adhesion between matrix and fiber had been improved with the addition of TLCP. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Functionalization and Patterning Techniques to Design Interfaces for Biomedical and Biosensor Applications
Authors: Brétagnol Frederic , Valsesia Andrea , Ceccone Giacomo , Colpo Pascal , Gilliland Douglas , Ceriotti Laura , Hasiwa Marina , Rossi Francois
Published: August 2006

Summary: In this paper, we present a review of our research activity related to the use of plasma deposition and etching technologies for the production of functional polymers (protein affinity and anti‐fouling) and their application to the fabrication chemical contrasts at micro and sub micron scale. Plasma deposition processes of acrylic acid (ppAA) and PEO‐like films to obtain functionalized surfaces are illustrated, together with optical lithography and colloidal lithography techniques used for micro and nanoscale patterning. In particular, microstructure based upon a combination of pulsed plasma polymerized acrylic acid (with carboxyl retention up to 15%) and cell repulsive PEO‐like character (CO content higher than 70%) have been realized and characterized by XPS and TOF‐SIMS. Furthermore, colloidal lithography is used for fabrication of sub‐micron (100 nm diameter) ppAA functionalized nanostructures and protein adsorption and cell growth experiments are described, demonstrating the reliability of plasma polymers for micro and nanobiotechnology applications.

L929 cells growth on micropatterned PEO‐like surfaces (left), PPAA nanostructures after O2 plasma etching (right).

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L929 cells growth on micropatterned PEO‐like surfaces (left), PPAA nanostructures after O2 plasma etching (right).
Ultrasonic Particle Sizing of Disperse Systems with Partly Unknown Properties
Authors: Babick Frank , Stintz Michael , Richter Andreas
Published: August 2006

The determination of particle size distributions from ultrasonic attenuation spectra requires the knowledge of a variety of parameters (material properties and particle concentration) when the analysis is based on analytical models. In this paper, two strategies are tested that allow for the elicitation of size information from attenuation spectra when the relevant model parameters are only partially known. The first strategy uses the data on measured sound speed as additional information, which facilitates the fitting of the unknown model parameters parallel to the calculation of the particle size distribution. The second strategy comprises the formation of an empirical model that is based on the principal components, which are obtained by decomposing a measured attenuation spectrum into a set of orthogonal basic spectra. Both strategies are tested with colloidal emulsions: the first one for the cases of unknown particle concentration and unknown specific heat of the droplets, the second one for monitoring changes in the state of dispersion and in the temperature.
Comparative Studies of Dispersant Optimization Techniques for Evaluating Stability of Alumina Slurries
Authors: Gaydardzhiev Stoyan , Ay Peter , Janeczko Marta
Published: August 2006

The choice of a reliable method for the testing of dispersant efficiency is an important issue in ceramics processing by emerging near net shape methods. The present paper presents the comparison of four methods for evaluation of the dispersibility properties of a commercial deflocculant Dolapix CE64, towards stabilization of submicron alumina powder suspended in water. The following techniques have been investigated for this purpose: zeta potential obtained from CVI measurement, specific surface charge based on streaming current, sedimentation and capillary suction time. A good correlation between the zeta potential and the streaming current as a means for determining the optimal dispersant dose and improved understanding of the dispersion mechanisms were obtained.
Structure determination of symmetric homo‐oligomers by a complete search of symmetry configuration space, using NMR restraints and van der Waals packing
Authors: Potluri Shobha , Yan Anthony K. , Chou James J. , Donald Bruce R. , Bailey‐Kellogg Chris
Published: August 2006

Structural studies of symmetric homo‐oligomers provide mechanistic insights into their roles in essential biological processes, including cell signaling and cellular regulation. This paper presents a novel algorithm for homo‐oligomeric structure determination, given the subunit structure, that is both complete, in that it evaluates all possible conformations, and data‐driven, in that it evaluates conformations separately for consistency with experimental data and for quality of packing. Completeness ensures that the algorithm does not miss the native conformation, and being data‐driven enables it to assess the structural precision possible from data alone. Our algorithm performs a branch‐and‐bound search in the symmetry configuration space, the space of symmetry axis parameters (positions and orientations) defining all possible Cn homo‐oligomeric complexes for a given subunit structure. It eliminates those symmetry axes inconsistent with intersubunit nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) distance restraints and then identifies conformations representing any consistent, well‐packed structure to within a user‐defined similarity level.

For the human phospholamban pentamer in dodecylphosphocholine micelles, using the structure of one subunit determined from a subset of the experimental NMR data, our algorithm identifies a diverse set of complex structures consistent with the nine intersubunit NOE restraints. The distribution of determined structures provides an objective characterization of structural uncertainty: backbone RMSD to the previously determined structure ranges from 1.07 to 8.85 Å, and variance in backbone atomic coordinates is an average of 12.32 Å2. Incorporating vdW packing reduces structural diversity to a maximum backbone RMSD of 6.24 Å and an average backbone variance of 6.80 Å2. By comparing data consistency and packing quality under different assumptions of oligomeric number, our algorithm identifies the pentamer as the most likely oligomeric state of phospholamban, demonstrating that it is possible to determine the oligomeric number directly from NMR data. Additional tests on a number of homo‐oligomers, from dimer to heptamer, similarly demonstrate the power of our method to provide unbiased determination and evaluation of homo‐oligomeric complex structures. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symmetry‐adapted tight‐binding calculations of the phonon dispersion and the resonant Raman intensity of the totally symmetric phonons of single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Popov Valentin N. , Lambin Philippe
Published: August 2006

The atomistic calculations of the physical properties of perfect single‐walled carbon nanotubes based on the use of the translational symmetry of the nanotubes face increasing computational difficulties for most of the presently synthesized nanotubes, which have up to a few thousand atoms in the unit cell. This difficulty can be circumvented by use of the helical symmetry of the nanotubes. We present the results of such symmetry‐adapted tight‐binding calculations of the phonon dispersion and resonant Raman intensity of the totally symmetric A 1 phonons of several hundred nanotubes. In particular, we show that 1) the frequencies and the resonant Raman intensity of the RBM and the G‐band modes show radius and chirality dependence and family patterns, 2) the strong electron – A 1(LO) phonon interactions in metallic nanotubes lead to Kohn anomalies of the phonon branches and to their softening at the zone‐center, 3) the G‐band consists of a subband due to A 1(LO) phonons of semiconducting tubes centered at ≈1593 cm–1, a subband of A 1(TO) phonons at ≈1570 cm–1, and a subband of A 1(LO) phonons of metallic tubes at ≈1540 cm–1. The latter prediction confirms previous theoretical results but disagrees with the assignment of the G‐band features adopted by other authors. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical study of the dissociation process by multiphoton absorption in the diatomic molecule
Authors: Sugimori Kimikazu , Ito Tomoya , Takata Yusuke , Ichitani Kazuhiro , Nagao Hidemi , Nishikawa Kiyoshi
Published: August 2006

We investigate multiphoton absorption, including the dissociation process in the OH molecule by means of wavepacket dynamics. The time‐development scheme is the so‐called split‐operator method, which conserves the norm of the state vector. The resultant wavepacket involves the information of all discrete vibrational states and the dissociative continuum state substantially, so we are able to treat all the bound–bound, the bound–continuum and the continuum–continuum transitions. The energy spectra of the system under the strong laser pulse can also be obtained by the spectrum method, where the autocorrelation function of the wavepacket under consideration is Fourier transformed. First, we discuss the field intensity dependence of the population and the competition between dissociation and absorption processes in multiphoton processes of above‐threshold dissociation (ATD). Then, we analyze the above‐threshold dissociation due to the continuum–continuum transition in detail. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Arsenic trioxide concentration determines the fate of Ewing's sarcoma family tumors and neuroblastoma cells in vitro
Authors: Jung Hyun Sook , Kim Han-Seong , Lee Min-Jae , Shin Hee Young , Ahn Hyo Seop , Ryu Kyung-Ha , Seoh Ju-Young , Kim Chong Jai , Jang Ja June
Published: August 2006

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induces both the differentiation and apoptosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells in a concentration dependent manner. We assessed the effects of As2O3 in CADO‐ES Ewing's sarcoma (ES), JK‐GMS peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), and SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, as they share common histogenetic backgrounds. As2O3 at low concentrations (0.1–1 μM) induced SH‐SY5Y differentiation, and whereas PNET cells acquired a slightly differentiated phenotype, change was minimal in ES cells. Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) was activated at low As2O3 concentrations, and PD98059, an inhibitor of MEK‐1, blocked SH‐SY5Y cell differentiation by As2O3. High concentrations (2–10 μM) of As2O3 induced the apoptosis in all three cell lines, and this was accompanied by the activation of c‐jun N‐terminal kinase. The generation of H2O2 and activation of caspase 3 were identified as critical components of As2O3‐induced apoptosis in all of the above cell lines. Fibroblast growth factor 2 enhanced As2O3‐induced apoptosis in JK‐GMS cells. The overall effects of As2O3 strongly suggest that it has therapeutic potential for the treatment of ES/PNET.
Hybrid model-based force/position control: theory and experimental verification
Authors: Osypiuk Rafael , Finkemeyer Bernd
Published: August 2006

Force/position control is a relatively young and rapidly developing branch of robotics. Its practical implementation faces many difficulties due to inherent process complexity. Despite this, the majority of contributions in this field use the classic approach to force control, i.e. single-loop PID control. In this paper, two model-based control structures are proposed, yielding much better results of force control as compared to the classic approach, to be achieved. These are two-loop model-following control (MFC) structures that guarantee interesting disturbance suppression behaviour by an additional degree of freedom. Tests carried out with a Manutec r2 manipulator with six degrees of freedom have shown clear advantages of the control structures under study.
Inverse modeling for characterizing surface water/groundwater exchanges
Authors: Pinault J.‐L. , Schomburgk S.
Published: August 2006

Inverse modeling is presented and applied to the computation of groundwater inflow in a shallow aquifer (the Alsace aquifer, west of the Rhine River, France) by separating pressure head variations into three components: recharge from rainfall, and exchanges with surface water in the Rhine River and in tributaries flowing out of the Vosges Mountains. The point estimates are interpolated for the whole aquifer to visualize the proportion of contribution and the response times. To represent the surface water/groundwater exchange, this method uses directly observed data of streamflow, precipitation, and pressure head without requiring either spatial description of the hydrosystem or knowledge of the boundary conditions on both sides of the Rhine (the border between France and Germany). Several zones of the aquifer are shown to be strongly influenced by the hydrographical network where response times are short. Although the direct influence of the Rhine is limited to its immediate surroundings, it contributes to maintaining the low level of the Alsace water table as a whole. The response time of recharge from rainfall closely reflects the thickness of the vadose zone south of Selestat and at the northern end of the Alsace plain whereas it discloses the contours and the thickness of the loess terraces nearby and south of Strasbourg to Selestat.
X-ray absorption and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism studies on a monatomic bcc-Co(001) layer facing an amorphous Al–O tunnel barrier
Authors: Katayama Toshikazu , Yuasa Shinji , Saito Shinji , Kurosaki Yoshinari , Saito Toshiaki , Kamino Tomoyuki , Kobayashi Kie , Suzuki Yoshishige , Manaka Hirotaka , Koide Tsuneharu
Published: August 2006

We studied the electronic states and magnetic moments of a bcc-Co(001) monatomic layer facing an amorphous Al–O tunneling barrier using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the L2,3 core edges of Co. Both the XAS and XMCD measurements revealed that 1 monolayer (ML) Co is not oxidized. The magnetic moment of 1 ML bcc Co(001) facing the amorphous Al–O was observed to be almost the same as that of bulk Co. In contrast, the total magnetic moment of 1 ML bcc Co(001) facing a metallic Al layer was reduced by the effect of the proximity to Al atoms.