bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rhinusa Stephens: a taxonomic revision of the species belonging to the R. linariae, R. herbarum, R. melas, and R. mauritii groups (Coleoptera Curculionidae)
Authors: CALDARA ROBERTO , TOŠEVSKI IVO
Published: October 2019

The species of Rhinusa Stephens, 1829 (Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Mecinini) belonging to the R. linariae, R. herbarum, R. melas and R. mauritii groups are revised. The R. linariae group includes three species: R. linariae (Panzer, 1795), R. brisouti (Faust, 1891) and R. kumatschevi (Bajtenov, 1977). The R. herbarum group also includes three species: R. herbarum (H. Brisout de Barneville, 1863), R. mateui (Hoffmann, 1965) and R. vulpeculus (Reitter, 1907). The R. melas group includes two species: R. melas (Boheman, 1838) and R. korotyaevi sp. n. (Israel, Jordan). Lastly, the R. mauritii group is monobasic. The lectotypes of Gymnetron consors Desbrochers des Loges, 1898, Gymnetron herbarum H. Brisout de Barneville, 1863, Gymnetron heydeni Desbrochers des Loges, 1869, and Gymnetron melas Boheman, 1838 are designated. The following new synonymy is proposed: Rhinusa herbarum (H. Brisout de Barneville, 1863) = Gymnetron semirufum Desbrochers des Loges, 1898 (syn. n.). For each species treated, description or redescription, notes on type specimens, synonymies, comparative notes, distribution, bionomics when available, photographs of the habitus and drawings of the rostra, genitalia and other structures useful for taxonomy are provided. A key including all the groups of Rhinusa as currently considered is provided for the first time.
Perspectives on Sea- and Lake-Effect Precipitation from Japan’s “Gosetsu Chitai”
Authors: Steenburgh W. James , Nakai Sento
Published: October 2019

A remarkable snow climate exists on the Japanese islands of Honshu and Hokkaido near the Sea of Japan. Mean annual snowfall in this “gosetsu chitai” (heavy snow area) exceeds 600 cm (235 in.) in some near-sea-level cities and 1,300 cm (512 in.) in some mountain areas. Much of this snow falls from December to February during the East Asian winter monsoon when frequent cold-air outbreaks occur over the Sea of Japan. The resulting sea-effect precipitation systems share similarities with lake-effect precipitation systems of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America, but are deeper, are modulated by the regional coastal geometry and topography, and can sometimes feature transversal mode snowbands. Snowfall can maximize in the lowlands or the adjoining mountains depending on the direction and strength of the boundary layer flow. Remarkable infrastructure exists in Japan for public safety, road and sidewalk maintenance, and avalanche mitigation, yet snow-related hazards claim more than 100 lives annually. For winter recreationists, there is no surer bet for deep powder than the mountains of Honshu and Hokkaido near the Sea of Japan in January, but the regional snow climate is vulnerable to global warming, especially in coastal areas. Historically, collaborative studies of sea- and lake-effect precipitation systems involving North American and Japanese scientists have been limited. Significant potential exists to advance our understanding and prediction of sea- and lake-effect precipitation based on studies from the Sea of Japan region and efforts involving meteorologists in North America, Japan, and other sea- and lake-effect regions.
Research on braking energy recovery strategy of electric vehicle based on ECE regulation and I curve
Authors: Li Shengqin , Yu Bo , Feng Xinyuan
Published: October 2019

Electric vehicles can convert the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electric energy for recycling. A reasonable braking force distribution strategy is the key to ensure braking stability and the energy recovery rate. For an electric vehicle, based on the ECE regulation curve and ideal braking force distribution (I curve), the braking force distribution strategy of the front and rear axles is designed to study the braking energy recovery control strategy. The fuzzy control method is adopted while the charging power limit of the battery is considered to correct the regenerative braking torque of the motor, the ratio of the regenerative braking force of the motor to the front axle braking force is designed according to different braking strengths, then the braking force distribution and braking energy recovery control strategies for regenerative braking and friction braking are developed. The simulation model of combined vehicle and energy recovery control strategy is established by Simulink and Cruise software. The braking energy recovery control strategy of this article is verified under different braking conditions and New European Driving Cycle conditions. The results show that the control strategy proposed in this article meets the requirements of braking stability. Under the condition of initial state of charge of 75%, the variation of state of charge of braking control strategy in this article is reduced by 8.22%, and the state of charge of braking strategy based on I curve reduces by 9.12%. The braking force distribution curves of the front and rear axle are in line with the braking characteristics, can effectively recover the braking energy, and improve the battery state of charge. Taking the using range of 95%–5% of battery state of charge as calculation target, the cruising range of vehicle with braking control strategy of this article increases to 136.64 km, which showed that the braking control strategy in this article could increase the cruising range of the electric vehicle.
Preparation and characterization of Taichi masterbatch/polyester functional composite fiber
Authors: Wu Xiangji , Gao Weihong , Shen Xiaohong , Liu Wei , Du Weiping
Published: October 2019

As a natural ore, Taichi stone brings potential market value and social value due to its health-care functions, such as releasing far-infrared and anti-ultraviolet (anti-UV) and anti-bacterial functions. In this study, Tachi masterbatch (containing 10% Tachi nanoparticles)/polyester (PET) functional composite fiber was prepared by electro-spinning. To study the effect of nanoparticle content on the composite fibers, five spinning solutions with different nanoparticle contents were mixed and electrospun. The spun fibers were then characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and far-infrared and UV testing devices, respectively. The result shows that when the Taichi nanoparticle content is 3%, the composite fiber membranes will have a better dispersion, the fiber is more uniform, and smaller fiber diameter can be obtained. Compared with the pure PET fiber, the composite fibers have an improved far-infrared radiation performance and anti-UV performance. The highest nanoparticle content of 7% composite fiber gives the best far-infrared radiation and anti-UV performance. The newly developed Taichi masterbatch/PET functional composite fibers have potential application for the development of multi-functional textiles and apparels in the future.
An efficient method for energy management optimization control: Minimizing fuel consumption for hybrid vehicle applications
Authors: Hmidi Mohamed Elhedi , Ben Salem Ines , El Amraoui Lilia
Published: October 2019

One of the main research areas of the automotive sector is energy consumption and the reduction of pollutant emissions. Therefore, the hybrid electrical vehicle Vehicle electrical hybrid (VEH) is a possible approach to improve the vehicle components or its architecture to maximize system efficiency. This vehicle benefits from levels of consumption and emission of pollutants lower than the thermal vehicle. The problem is then to find the right split power between the two hybrid sources, the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the electrical machines (EM) to minimize fuel consumption. These energy management strategies are the algorithms that achieve instant split power between the two sources in the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) while controlling the battery state of charge (SOC), in order to improve the fuel economy and optimize the performance HEV. In this research, a parametric study on the impact of optimization of the energy management strategy on the optimal operation of the vehicle is presented. A hybrid vehicle model is described and rules-based energy management strategy is presented. Later these rules are optimized with an optimization algorithm based on Grey Wolf optimizer (GWO). It is a new meta-heuristic based on the population. The results of the simulation make it possible to deduce the impact of this optimal strategy of energy management on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. The obtained results show that the optimal operation of the vehicle varies according to the best energy management strategies.
Stimulating and Supporting Agency Learning
Authors: Mahler Julianne
Published: October 2019

Organizational learning is widely seen as a particularly valuable form of change, driven by professionals closest to the work of the agency and all its challenges. However, the growing literature on this process identifies a large and varied set of requisites for learning. The object here is to survey these requisites and show how they are the many guises of a few basic learning processes, and in doing so distinguish the conditions that stimulate or initiate learning from those that support it. Although all of the paths to learning can be encouraged, the stimuli have been less appreciated for their particular role.
Les trajectoires d’apprentissage des clients lors de la première utilisation d’un produit
Authors: Monnot Elisa
Published: October 2019

Un certain nombre de recherches en marketing s’intéressent aux coûts d’apprentissage de l’utilisation des produits qui sont liés à l’acquisition de connaissances déclaratives et procédurales dans ce contexte. En revanche, peu d’attention est accordée au processus d’apprentissage lui-même et à la manière dont les clients apprennent concrètement à utiliser les nouveaux produits. Cette recherche explore la dynamique de l’expérience d’apprentissage du client et son hétérogénéité, dans le cas de la première utilisation d’un produit, en s’appuyant sur le cercle d’apprentissage expérientiel de Kolb (1984). Sur la base d’une étude qualitative par observations filmées et entretiens, quatre trajectoires d’apprentissage du client sont identifiées, enrichissant ainsi ce modèle. Des recommandations sont formulées afin d’améliorer les stratégies des entreprises en matière de formation et d’assistance à l’usage, en fonction des trajectoires d’apprentissage des clients.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Pediatric Monophasic and Recurrent Idiopathic Optic Neuritis
Authors: Jonzzon Soren , Suleiman Leena , Yousef Andrew , Young Brenda , Hart Janace , Peschl Patrick , Reindl Markus , Schaller Kristin L. , Bennett Jeffrey L. , Waubant Emmanuelle , Graves Jennifer S.
Published: October 2019

Limited data exist on isolated optic neuritis in children. We report the clinical features and treatment of pediatric subjects with monophasic and recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis. This retrospective cohort study of patients with isolated optic neuritis identified 10 monophasic and 7 recurrent optic neuritis cases. Monophasic optic neuritis patients were older (mean 13.3 ± 4.22) than those with recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis (9.86 ± 3.63). Females represented 50% of monophasic and 85.7% of recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis cases. Patients with monophasic optic neuritis were less likely to have a bilateral onset than recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis (40% vs 57.1%). Only 1 case had oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid CSF. Most recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis cases had evidence of anti–myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies (5/7). Treatment of recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis cases included intravenous pulse glucocorticosteroids and immunotherapy. We observed differences between recurrent and monophasic idiopathic optic neuritis. Immunosuppression appeared to prevent further relapses in recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis patients. Weaning immunotherapies after several years of quiescence in recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis may be possible, but larger studies are needed.
Effect of temperature on properties of aluminum/single-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Motamedi Mohsen , Naghdi AH , Jalali SK
Published: October 2019

Composite materials have become popular because of high mechanical properties and lightweight. Aluminum/carbon nanotube is one of the most important metal composite. In this research, mechanical properties of aluminum/carbon nanotube composite were obtained using molecular dynamics simulation. Then, effect of temperature on stress–strain curve of composite was studied. The results showed by increasing temperature, the Young’s modulus of composite was decreased. More specifically increasing the temperature from 150 K to 620 K, decrease the Young’s modulus to 11.7%. The ultimate stress of composite also decreased by increasing the temperature. A continuum model of composite was presented using finite element method. The results showed the role of carbon nanotube on strengthening of composite.
“Our Country Needs a Strong Leader Right Now”: Economic Inequality Enhances the Wish for a Strong Leader
Authors: Sprong Stefanie , Jetten Jolanda , Wang Zhechen , Peters Kim , Mols Frank , Verkuyten Maykel , Bastian Brock , Ariyanto Amarina , Autin Frédérique , Ayub Nadia , Badea Constantina , Besta Tomasz , Butera Fabrizio , Costa-Lopes Rui , Cui Lijuan , Fantini Carole , Finchilescu Gillian , Gaertner Lowell , Gollwitzer Mario , Gómez Ángel , González Roberto , Hong Ying-Yi , Jensen Dorthe Høj , Jasinskaja-Lahti Inga , Karasawa Minoru , Kessler Thomas , Klein Olivier , Lima Marcus , Mégevand Laura , Morton Thomas , Paladino Paola , Polya Tibor , Renvik Tuuli Anna , Ruza Aleksejs , Shahrazad Wan , Shama Sushama , Smith Heather J. , Torres Ana Raquel , van der Bles Anne Marthe , Wohl Michael J. A.
Published: October 2019

Societal inequality has been found to harm the mental and physical health of its members and undermine overall social cohesion. Here, we tested the hypothesis that economic inequality is associated with a wish for a strong leader in a study involving 28 countries from five continents (Study 1, N = 6,112), a study involving an Australian community sample (Study 2, N = 515), and two experiments (Study 3a, N = 96; Study 3b, N = 296). We found correlational (Studies 1 and 2) and experimental (Studies 3a and 3b) evidence for our prediction that higher inequality enhances the wish for a strong leader. We also found that this relationship is mediated by perceptions of anomie, except in the case of objective inequality in Study 1. This suggests that societal inequality enhances the perception that society is breaking down (anomie) and that a strong leader is needed to restore order (even when that leader is willing to challenge democratic values).
Effect of in-service burnout on the transonic tip leakage flows over flat tip model
Authors: Saleh Zainab , Avital Eldad J , Korakianitis Theodosios
Published: October 2019

Un-shrouded turbine blades are more common than shrouded ones in gas turbine aero-engines since they reduce the weight and avoid the centrifugal loading caused by the blades’ shrouds. Despite these important advantages, the absence of the shroud leads to leakage flows across the tip gap and exposes the blade tip to high thermal load and thermal damages. In addition, the leakage flows can contribute up to 30% of the aerodynamic loss in a turbine stage. In this study, the effect of in-service burnout is explored using a fundamental flat tip model of a high-pressure gas turbine blade. This investigation is carried out both experimentally in a transonic wind tunnel and computationally using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-stokes approach at high-speed conditions. It is found that exposing the tip to the in-service burnout effect changes the leakage flow behaviour significantly when compared with the tip with sharp edges (i.e. the tip at the start of its operational life). Different flow acceleration, flow structure and shockwave pattern and interactions are captured for the round-edge flat tip (i.e. the tip exposed to in-service burnout). The effective tip gap is found to be much larger for the round-edge flat tip allowing more leakage flow into the tip gap which results into higher tip leakage losses in comparison to the sharp-edge tip. Experimental and computational flow visualisations, surface pressure distributions and discharge coefficient are given and analysed for several pressure ratios over the tip gap.
Historical voices, collective memory and interdiscursive trauma in the legal order
Authors: Matoesian Gregory , Gilbert Kristin Enola
Published: October 2019

This study examines how collective memory and cultural trauma inhere in the multimodal interplay between macro structures of space-time and microcosmic action. Using a criminal trial as data, we show how collective memories and cultural sentiments function in the multimodal details of poetic oratory and emotionally charged speech to frame evidence, construct legal identity and shape the interpretation of testimony. Legal actors integrate language, gesture and gaze to shift the plane of legal reality into a sacred performance, a solemn and co-operative ritual that contains thoroughly unveiled allusions to the assassinations of President John F Kennedy and Senator Robert F Kennedy. In so doing, lawyers and witness co-construct an emergent space for jurors to step into history and connect to national tragedy as a socio-legal strategy.
Group sequential design for time-to-event data using the concept of proportional time
Authors: Phadnis Milind A , Mayo Matthew S
Published: October 2019

Sequential monitoring of efficacy and safety is an important part of clinical trials. A Group Sequential design allows researchers to perform interim monitoring after groups of patients have completed the study. Statistical literature is well developed for continuous and binary outcomes and relies on asymptotic normality of the test statistic. However, in the case of time-to-event data, existing methods of sample size calculation are done either assuming proportional hazards or assuming exponentially distributed lifetimes. In scenarios where these assumptions are not true, as evidenced from historical data, these traditional methods are restrictive and cannot always be used. As interim monitoring is driven by ethical, financial, and administrative considerations, it is imperative that sample size calculations be done in an efficient manner keeping in mind the specific needs of a clinical trial with a time-to-event outcome. To address these issues, a novel group sequential design is proposed using the concept of Proportional Time. This method utilizes the generalized gamma ratio distribution to calculate the efficacy and safety boundaries and can be used for all distributions that are members of the generalized gamma family using an error spending approach. The design incorporates features specific to survival data such as loss to follow-up, administrative censoring, varying accrual times and patterns, binding or non-binding futility rules with or without skips, and flexible alpha and beta spending mechanisms. Three practical examples are discussed, followed by discussion of the important aspects of the proposed design.
Financial Integration via Belt and Road Initiative: China–Turkey Cooperation
Authors: Kulaksız Sıla
Published: October 2019

The aim of this article is to review the progress made in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Turkey. Turkey and China both are the emerging economies of the world. They have similar ambitions for development. Turkey aims for “Vision 2023 goals” and China follows its “Destination 2049” goals. The BRI can bring them together to build a prosperous common future. However, both countries have different characteristics. This cooperation can be sustained in a more congruent way by exploring the existing opportunities and risks involved. In this context, some relevant questions are raised: how can cooperation between China and Turkey be strengthened? What are the opportunities and risks in this initiative? What are the expectations of these two countries? In this article, Turkey–China economic cooperation under the BRI will be analyzed. Some suggestions will be made for boosting cooperation between them.
City Profile: Datong, China
Authors: Li Chenguang , Sun Tao , ZHAI Lei , Yuan Ke
Published: October 2019

Small- and medium-sized cities have not received enough scholarly attention in China. In fact, these cities have a larger share of urban population than large-sized cities. Therefore, the paper focuses on one such typical medium-sized city in North China named Datong; a resource-reliant city with a long history but undergoing a difficult phase of transformation. Its industrial structure is upgrading from unitary resource-dependence to balanced development, but it is also accompanied by recessive unemployment and a depressed consumption pattern of its residents. Datong’s urban planning generally reflects the ideas of its leaders and often demonstrates high efficiency and execution. However, abrupt change in the leadership has brought new challenges such as constant adjustment and restructuring along with huge investment and financial risks to cities. This model also fully illustrates the self-repairing and error-correcting ability, which is guiding Datong towards sustainable development.
The meagre outcomes of HoNOS
Authors: Bender Keith G
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To ask the Leginski question of an outcome measurement process.

Method:

Articles elicited by a literature search of ‘HoNOS’ are analysed for evidence of its value or cost effectiveness to consumers, clinicians or administrators.

Results:

None of the 260 studies elicited by the search attempted to assess the cost of the use of Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS). One study investigated the effect of routine outcome measurement, finding that it failed to result in the provision of evidence-based care. One study reported positive outcomes.

Conclusions:

The ability of HoNOS to improve the health and social functioning of mentally ill people has not been demonstrated. The widespread use of HoNOS as a routine outcome measure is not justified by the evidence.
On being paternalistic
Authors: Little John D
Published: October 2019

Objective:

What does ‘being paternalistic’ mean?

Conclusion:

Being paternalistic embodies a complex set of ideas that are currently viewed pejoratively, but which retain at its core, the goal of doing something good.
Borderline personality disorder and depressive disorder
Authors: Rao Sathya , Broadbear Jillian
Published: October 2019

Objective:

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is frequently accompanied by low mood, the features of which may satisfy the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). Treatment of depressive symptoms in the absence of BPD-appropriate treatment is less effective and may cause iatrogenic harm. This paper briefly reviews the co-occurrence of BPD and depressive disorder and suggests ways of differentiating these disorders and optimising treatment within the Australian Mental Health context.

Conclusions:

Depressive symptoms are present in the majority of people with BPD. To address the difficulty differentiating clinically distinct MDD from depressive symptoms that are integral to BPD psychopathology, it is suggested that depressive symptoms arising from a primary diagnosis of BPD (i) may exhibit transience and be stress reactive, (ii) lack a robust clinical response to antidepressant medication and/or electroconvulsive treatment and (iii) are responsive to BPD-appropriate psychotherapy.
Immunohistochemical and Molecular Diagnosis of Mucocutaneous and Mucosal Leishmaniasis
Authors: Sánchez-Romero Celeste , Júnior Hercílio Martelli , Matta Vania Lúcia Ribeiro da , Freitas Larisse Miranda , Soares Carina de Mattos , Mariano Fernanda Viviane , de Almeida Oslei Paes , Nascimento de Aquino Sibele
Published: October 2019

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection transmitted by the bite of infected female sandflies. It principally affects the skin, and the frequency of mucosal involvement is about 5% to 20%. Considering the rarity of leishmaniasis affecting the upper aerodigestive tract mucosa, we evaluated the characteristics of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and mucosal leishmaniasis and the diagnostic difficulty when the parasites are scarce in tissue samples. The clinical, histopathological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of 17 cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and mucosal leishmaniasis were assessed. Mucosal disease was principally found in the soft palate, oropharynx, and nose, manifesting mainly as a solitary ulcer. In hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections, 10 cases revealed abundant amastigotes within the macrophages. Giemsa staining was not shown to be helpful to confirm the diagnosis in 6 cases with scarce or nondetectable amastigotes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed high sensitivity by positive staining in 14 out of 17 cases (82.3%). Polymerase chain reaction was shown to be more sensitive than IHC with 13 out of 14 (92.8%) positive cases, including the 3 IHC negative cases; however, this technique is not available in many endemic regions. In summary, we suggest that the IHC is a simple technique with rapid results and relatively low cost, when compared with other laboratorial procedures; thus, IHC is a helpful tool that should be implemented in the routine diagnosis of leishmania.
Service-Sales Ambidexterity: Evidence, Practice, and Opportunities for Future Research
Authors: de Ruyter Ko , Keeling Debbie Isobel , Yu Ting
Published: October 2019

Aligning the service-sales interface within and beyond organizational boundaries is worthwhile, yet many firms are not reaping the rewards of such practice. The managerial need for in-depth insights into the blending of selling and service delivery could be better informed through resolution of current open theoretical debates. This position article extends the current knowledge base on the service-sales interface in three ways. First, we offer a synopsis of current scholarly progress on blending service delivery with sales and identify contextual conditions that foster effective service-sales ambidexterity. Second, turning to current practice, we use an empirical case study to demonstrate how a multinational company strategically deploys online learning to bridge structural knowledge and skills gaps within its reseller network to build ambidextrous capacity in the channel and support solution selling. Complementing this human learning approach, we also explore recent advances in machine learning and their impact on the service-sales interface. Third, we blend these academic and practice perspectives to offer a service-sales interface agenda that identifies directions for future research in terms of both the theoretical development of ambidexterity and defining the effective blending of technologies at the service-sales interface that enables ambidexterity in practice.
Embodiment is Ecological: The Metabolic Lives of Whey Protein Powder
Authors: King Samantha , Weedon Gavin
Published: October 2019

This article explores the metabolic lives of whey powder, the most popular form of protein supplement in what has become a multibillion-dollar industry during the past two decades. Faced with the slippery and elusive properties latent to this multiplicitous substance, our approach is to follow whey powder from its mid-20th century emergence as a noxious byproduct of industrial dairy production, through the human and animal bodies unevenly tasked with its processing, and out into waterways, where its nitrogen density rematerializes as a pollutant. We show how whey powder emerged as a solution to the environmental damage posed by whey pollution, how such damage is an effect of the systematic overproduction endemic to agrofood industries and how whey’s toxicity persists through processes of metabolism and consumption, despite attempts to process and profit from its vital capacities. Throughout, we argue that whey exemplifies ecological embodiment, understood as the co-constitutive relations between bodily matter and ecological life, and their entanglement with processes of commodification.
Project ImPACT for Toddlers: Pilot outcomes of a community adaptation of an intervention for autism risk
Authors: Stahmer Aubyn C , Rieth Sarah R , Dickson Kelsey S , Feder Josh , Burgeson Marilee , Searcy Karyn , Brookman-Frazee Lauren
Published: October 2019

This study reports child and family outcomes from a community-based, quasi-experimental pilot trial of Project ImPACT for Toddlers that is a parent-mediated, naturalistic, developmental behavioral intervention for children with or at-risk for autism spectrum disorder developed through a research–community partnership. Community early interventionists delivered either Project ImPACT for Toddlers ( n = 10) or Usual Care ( n = 9) to families based on Part C assigned provider. Twenty-five families participated, with children averaging 22.76 months old ( SD = 5.06). Family and child measures were collected at intake, after 3 months of service, and after a 3-month follow-up. Results indicate significantly greater improvements in positive parent–child interactions for Project ImPACT for Toddlers than usual care families, as well as large, but non-significant, effect sizes for Project ImPACT for Toddlers families in children’s social and communication skills.
Transitions from temporary employment to permanent employment among young adults: The role of labour law and education systems
Authors: Högberg Björn , Strandh Mattias , Baranowska-Rataj Anna
Published: October 2019

Temporary work is common across Europe, especially among young people. Whether temporary employment is a transitory stage on the road to standard employment, and whether this varies depending on institutional contexts, is controversial. This article investigates variability in transition rates from temporary to permanent employment across Europe, and how this is related to employment protection legislation (EPL) and the vocational specificity of education systems. We utilize harmonized panel data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, covering 18 European countries and including 34,088 temporary workers aged 18–30. The results show that stricter EPL is associated with lower rates of transitions to permanent employment, while partial deregulation, with strict EPL for permanent contracts but weaker EPL for temporary contracts, is associated with higher transition rates. Vocationally specific education systems have higher transition rates, on average. Moreover, the role of EPL is conditional on the degree of vocational specificity.
The role of non-medical factors in physicians’ decision-making process in a pediatric telemedicine service
Authors: Haimi Motti , Brammli-Greenberg Shuli , Waisman Yehezkel , Stein Nili , Baron-Epel Orna
Published: October 2019

The complex process of medical decision-making is prone also to medically extraneous influences or “non-medical” factors. We aimed to investigate the possible role of non-medical factors in doctors’ decision-making process in a telemedicine setting. Interviews with 15 physicians who work in a pediatric telemedicine service were conducted. Those included a qualitative section, in which the physicians were asked about the role of non-medical factors in their decisions. Their responses to three clinical scenarios were also analyzed. In an additional quantitative section, a random sample of 339 parent -physician consultations, held during 2014–2017, was analyzed retrospectively. Various non-medical factors were identified with respect to their possible effect on primary and secondary decisions, the accuracy of diagnosis, and “reasonability” of the decisions. Various non-medical factors were found to influence physicians’ decisions. Those factors were related to the child, the applying parent, the physician, the interaction between the doctor and parents, the shift, and to demographic considerations, and were also found to influence the ability to make an accurate diagnosis and “reasonable” decisions. Our conclusion was that non-medical factors have an impact on doctor’s decisions, even in the setting of telemedicine, and should be considered for improving medical decisions in this milieu.
Social entrepreneurship and Economy for the Common Good: Study of their relationship through a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Campos Vanessa , Sanchis Joan-Ramon , Ejarque Ana
Published: October 2019

Being social entrepreneurship (SE) the closest to Economy for the Common Good (ECG) principles, our work proposes to analyze the contribution of ECG model to SE. It is also intended to establish the relationship that exists between both concepts. Therefore, our specific objectives are to (1) identify the specific contributions of ECG principles to SE as well as their overlaps, (2) perform a literature review to analyze and quantify the number of research papers on SE and ECG, and (3) identify the possible existing gap. Through a double methodology, we (1) determine the potential contributions of the ECG model to SE, we propose to analyze the Common Good (CG) matrix and (2) empirical analysis on the existing literature body on SE and ECG. SE and ECG model share a number of principles and features which may be translated into some important overlaps in relation to both research bodies. So CG matrix can help to successfully launch and manage social ventures. This fact is mainly due to the fact that there is not a sufficiently large body of literature that relates models. In future research, it would be interesting to extend the bibliographic search to other databases.
Nuclear landscape: tourism, embodiment and exposure in the Chernobyl Zone
Authors: Rush-Cooper Nick
Published: October 2019

This article recounts a day-trip to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and the ruined town of Pripyat through a series of ethnographic vignettes from the point of view of a tour guide. This article offers an approach that begins with questions of embodiment, materiality and agency in order to research worldly forces, such as radiation, without reducing them to only matters of language and thought. In responding to these challenges of the radioactive landscape of the Chernobyl Zone and Pripyat, the article offers ‘exposure’ as a model of subjectification, applicable beyond radioactive landscapes, which is based upon passivity, vulnerability and a foundational relation-with worldly others which exceed our perceptual, representational and bodily capacities. I introduce the work of Merleau-Ponty as a key theorist behind landscape geographies. In particular, the rejection of dualism and distance is shown to be a vital starting point when understanding tourism and guiding in the radioactive landscape of the Zone. Through the crackling and chirruping of the Geiger counter, the halting, careful movements of visitors and my own uncertainties, I illustrate how radiation is first encountered as a bodily exposure; which is only ever apprehended after-the-fact and experienced as vulnerability. I argue that a more passive, vulnerable sense of embodiment is needed than phenomenology provides, for which I bring the work of Irigaray into conversation with recent post-phenomenological work in geography.
Research on internal detection technology for axial crack of long-distance oil and gas pipeline based on micromagnetic method
Authors: Liu Bin , Ma Zeyu , Liu Ziqi , Luo Ning , Xu Xiaobei
Published: October 2019

Due to the lack of the efficient and accurate detection method, the axial crack of pipeline seriously threatens the safe operation of oil pipeline, and therefore the application of micromagnetic nondestructive testing technology in the field of pipeline axial crack detection is of practical significance. To study the characterization of axial crack by micromagnetic signal, a numerical model of micromagnetic signal to detect the axial crack of pipeline is established based on the micromagnetic theory in this article. The characteristics of micromagnetic detection signals of cracks with different sizes and directions are calculated. The propagation law of micromagnetic detection signal is analyzed, and the experimental study of X70 pipeline is carried out to verify the correctness of theoretical model and simulation. The results show that at each tip of the axial crack, the axial component of the micromagnetic detection signal has a peak and a valley, and the radial component has an extreme value. The amplitude of the micromagnetic internal detection signal at the axial crack linearly increases as the depth or length of the crack increases. The propagation law of micromagnetic signal conforms to the falling exponential function, specifically, the smaller the crack depth, the faster the signal decays and eventually stabilizes. The micromagnetic detection signal of the probes to detect the crack having a certain angle with the axial direction is arranged with equal displacement spacing.
Hepatoportal Venous Trauma: Analysis of Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality
Authors: Maithel Shelley , Grigorian Areg , Kabutey Nii-Kabu , Sheehan Brian M. , Gambhir Sahil , Wolf Ronald F. , Jutric Zeljka , Nahmias Jeffry
Published: October 2019

Objectives:

Although traumatic injuries to the superior mesenteric vein (SMV), portal vein (PV), and hepatic vein (HV) are rare, their impact is significant. Small single center reports estimate mortality rates ranging from 29% to 100%. Our aim is to elucidate the incidence and outcomes associated with each injury due to unique anatomic positioning and varied tolerance of ligation. We hypothesize that SMV injury is associated with a lower risk of mortality compared to HV and PV injury in adult trauma patients.

Methods:

The Trauma Quality Improvement Program database (2010-2016) was queried for patients with injury to either the SMV, PV, or HV. A multivariable logistic regression model was used for analysis.

Results:

From 1,403,466 patients, 966 (0.07%) had a single major hepatoportal venous injury with 460 (47.6%) involving the SMV, 281 (29.1%) involving the PV, and 225 (23.3%) involving the HV. There was no difference in the percentage of patients undergoing repair or ligation between SMV, PV, and HV injuries ( P > .05). Compared to those with PV and HV injuries, patients with SMV injury had a higher rate of concurrent bowel resection (38.5% vs 12.1% vs 7.6%, P < .001) and lower mortality (33.3% vs 45.9% vs 49.3%, P < .01). After controlling for covariates, traumatic SMV injury increased the risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.59, confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-2.54, P = .05) in adult trauma patients; however, this was less than PV injury (OR = 2.77, CI = 1.56-4.93, P = .001) and HV injury (OR = 2.70, CI = 1.46-4.99, P = .002).

Conclusion:

Traumatic SMV injury had a lower rate of mortality compared to injuries of the HV and PV. SMV injury increased the risk of mortality by 60% in adult trauma patients, whereas PV and HV injuries nearly tripled the risk of mortality.
Looking Inside the Out-of-Hours Primary Care Consultation: General Practitioners’ and Researchers’ Experiences of Using Video Observations as a Method
Authors: Colliers Annelies , Coenen Samuel , Remmen Roy , Philips Hilde , Anthierens Sibyl
Published: October 2019

Video recording primary care consultations is a promising and valuable method to provide rich data on actual patient–doctor interactions. Video recording for research purposes has not yet been used in out-of-hours (OOH) primary care. To obtain a high grade of participation of general practitioners (GPs), a good understanding on how to organize such a study is essential. We performed qualitative research to explore in what way it would be acceptable to GPs to video record their consultations in OOH. We used semistructured interviews with 17 GPs before setting up video observations. Using this input, we then conducted video observations with an evaluation afterward. We reflected back on the video recordings through a written open-ended questionnaire and during face-to-face elicitation interviews with the 21 participating GPs in the video observations. In addition, we share our experiences from a researchers’ view, by describing experiences, advantages, and disadvantages of choices made during the video observations. The stakeholders were involved from the beginning of the setup of the study and it was codesigned with them. Taking into account, their suggestions and concerns led to a high level of participation and successful data collection. We learned that most GPs are willing to participate in a video observation study as they think it could be educational for themselves and research. Nevertheless, because their personal identity is often intertwined with their job as a GP, they feel a bit exposed to criticism but at the same time they are willing to overcome this fear for the purpose of the study. There is also a fear of being judged against a standard way of consulting. GPs describe certain conditions that must be addressed in order for them to participate such as no extra burden to the workload, discrete camera position, and a safe environment for themselves and patients.
A pragmatic, multi-centered, stepped wedge, cluster randomized controlled trial pilot of the clinical and cost effectiveness of a complex Stroke Oral healthCare intervention pLan Evaluation II (SOCLE II) compared with usual oral healthcare in stroke wards
Authors: Brady Marian C , Stott David J , Weir Christopher J , Chalmers Campbell , Sweeney Petrina , Barr John , Pollock Alex , Bowers Naomi , Gray Heather , Bain Brenda Jean , Collins Marissa , Keerie Catriona , Langhorne Peter
Published: October 2019

Background

Patients with stroke-associated pneumonia experience poorer outcomes (increased hospital stays, costs, discharge dependency, and risk of death). High-quality, organized oral healthcare may reduce the incidence of stroke-associated pneumonia and improve oral health and quality of life.

Aims

We piloted a pragmatic, stepped-wedge, cluster randomized controlled trial of clinical and cost effectiveness of enhanced versus usual oral healthcare for people in stroke rehabilitation settings.

Methods

Scottish stroke rehabilitation wards were randomly allocated to stepped time-points for conversion from usual to enhanced oral healthcare. All admissions and nursing staff were eligible for inclusion. We piloted the viability of randomization, intervention, data collection, record linkage procedures, our sample size, screening, and recruitment estimates. The stepped-wedge trial design prevented full blinding of outcome assessors and staff. Predetermined criteria for progression included the validity of enhanced oral healthcare intervention (training, oral healthcare protocol, assessment, equipment), data collection, and stroke-associated pneumonia event rate and relationship between stroke-associated pneumonia and plaque.

Results

We screened 1548/2613 (59%) admissions to four wards, recruiting n = 325 patients and n = 112 nurses. We observed marked between-site diversity in admissions, recruitment populations, stroke-associated pneumonia events (0% to 21%), training, and resource use. No adverse events were reported. Oral healthcare documentation was poor. We found no evidence of a difference in stroke-associated pneumonia between enhanced versus usual oral healthcare ( P = 0.62, odds ratio = 0.61, confidence interval: 0.08 to 4.42).

Conclusions

Our stepped-wedge cluster randomized control trial accommodated between-site diversity. The stroke-associated pneumonia event rate did not meet our predetermined progression criteria. We did not meet our predefined progression criteria including the SAP event rate and consequently were unable to establish whether there is a relationship between SAP and plaque. A wide confidence interval did not exclude the possibility that enhanced oral healthcare may result in a benefit or detrimental effect.

Trial Registration

NCT01954212.
Moving stroke rehabilitation research evidence into clinical practice: Consensus-based core recommendations from the Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable
Authors: Eng Janice J , Bird Marie-Louise , Godecke Erin , Hoffmann Tammy C , Laurin Carole , Olaoye Olumide A , Solomon John , Teasell Robert , Watkins Caroline L , Walker Marion F
Published: October 2019

Moving research evidence to practice can take years, if not decades, which denies stroke patients and families from receiving the best care. We present the results of an international consensus process prioritizing what research evidence to implement into stroke rehabilitation practice to have maximal impact. An international 10-member Knowledge Translation Working Group collaborated over a six-month period via videoconferences and a two-day face-to-face meeting. The process was informed from surveys received from 112 consumers/family members and 502 health care providers in over 28 countries, as well as from an international advisory of 20 representatives from 13 countries. From this consensus process, five of the nine identified priorities relate to service delivery (interdisciplinary care, screening and assessment, clinical practice guidelines, intensity, family support) and are generally feasible to implement or improve upon today. Readily available website resources are identified to help health care providers harness the necessary means to implement existing knowledge and solutions to improve service delivery. The remaining four priorities relate to system issues (access to services, transitions in care) and resources (equipment/technology, staffing) and are acknowledged to be more difficult to implement. We recommend that health care providers, managers, and organizations determine whether the priorities we identified are gaps in their local practice, and if so, consider implementation solutions to address them to improve the quality of lives of people living with stroke.
Costs of bleeding on long-term antiplatelet treatment without routine co-prescription of proton-pump inhibitors
Authors: Luengo-Fernandez Ramon , Li Linxin , Rothwell Peter M ,   On Behalf of the Oxford Vascular Study
Published: October 2019

Background

Long-term antiplatelet treatment is associated with major bleeding.

Aims

To determine the costs associated with major bleeding in patients treated with aspirin-based antiplatelet treatment for secondary prevention of vascular events without routine prescription of proton-pump inhibitors and to estimate the likely long-term savings from routine co-prescription.

Methods

In a prospective population-based cohort study of TIA, ischemic stroke, and MI treated with antiplatelet drugs, we evaluated hospital care costs associated with bleed management during 10-year follow-up. Bleeding-associated costs were averaged across all patients. For upper GI-bleeds, mean costs were compared with the cost of routine co-prescription of proton-pump inhibitor.

Results

Among 3166 patients on antiplatelet therapy with 405 first bleeding events, the average cost of major bleeding was $13,093 (S.D. 20,501), with similar costs for upper GI bleeds and intracranial bleeds ( p = 0.235). However, total costs among the 3166 patients were higher for upper GI bleeds ($1,158,385 vs. $740,123). Averaged across all patients, the 10-year cost of major bleeding was $838 (95%CI: 680–1007), $411 due to upper GI bleeding, the cost of which increased from $175 in those aged <75 years to $644 at age ≥75 years ( p < 0.0001). The corresponding costs of routine life-long co-prescription of proton-pump inhibitor to those patients not on prior treatment were $85 (84–88) and $39 (38–42).

Conclusions

In secondary prevention with aspirin-based antiplatelet treatment without routine proton-pump inhibitor use, the long-term costs of upper-GI bleeding at age ≥75 years are much higher than at younger age groups, and are at least 10-fold greater than the drug cost of routine co-prescription of proton-pump inhibitor.