bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of bio‐based residue amendments on greenhouse gas emission from agricultural soil are stronger than effects of soil type with different microbial community composition
Authors: Ho Adrian , Ijaz Umer Z. , Janssens Thierry K. S. , Ruijs Rienke , Kim Sang Yoon , de Boer Wietse , Termorshuizen Aad , van der Putten Wim H. , Bodelier Paul L. E.
Published: May 2017

With the projected rise in the global human population, agriculture intensification and land‐use conversion to arable fields is anticipated to meet the food and bio‐energy demand to sustain a growing population. Moving towards a circular economy, agricultural intensification results in the increased re‐investment of bio‐based residues in agricultural soils, with consequences for microbially mediated greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, as well as other aspects of soil functioning. To date, systematic studies to address the impact of bio‐based residue amendment on the GHG balance, including the soil microorganisms, and nutrient transformation in agricultural soils are scarce. Here, we assess the global warming potential (GWP) of in situ GHG (i.e., CO2, CH4, and N2O) fluxes after application of six bio‐based residues with broad C : N ratios (5–521) in two agricultural soils (sandy loam and clay; representative of vast production areas in north‐western Europe). We relate the GHG emission to the decomposability of the residues in a litter bag assay and determined the effects of residue input on crop (common wheat) growth after incubation. The shift in the bacterial community composition and abundance was monitored using IonTorrentTM sequencing and qPCR, respectively, by targeting the 16S rRNA gene. The decomposability of the residues, independent of C : N ratio, was proportional to the GWP derived from the GHG emitted. The soils harbored distinct bacterial communities, but responded similarly to the residue amendments, because both soils exhibited the highest mean GWP after addition of the same residues (sewage sludge, aquatic plant material, and compressed beet leaves). Our results question the extent of using the C : N ratio alone to predict residue‐induced response in GHG emission. Taken together, we show that although soil properties strongly affect the bacterial community composition, microbially mediated GHG emission is residue dependent.
Antithrombotic therapy in end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Chunduri Svetha , Folstad Jon E. , Vachharajani Tushar J.
Published: May 2017

The delicate balance of risk vs. benefit of using antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents in the general population is well established. The decision to use these agents in the end stage renal disease (ESRD) population remains complex and difficult. The concomitant association of a prothombotic state with high risk of bleeding in the ESRD population requires individualization and careful clinical judgment before implementing such therapy. There remains a paucity of clinical trials and lack of substantial evidence in literature for safe and effective use of antithrombotic drugs in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. The current review summarizes the pros and cons of using antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, evaluate the risks with routine use of anticoagulation for cerebrovascular stroke prevention with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and role of newer oral anticoagulants as alternate agents in the dialysis population.
Assessing the need for a pre‐exposure prophylaxis programme using the social media app Grindr®
Authors: Hampel B , Kusejko K , Braun DL , Harrison‐Quintana J , Kouyos R , Fehr J
Published: May 2017

Objectives

HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is not approved in Switzerland and therefore must be paid for by the users themselves. We conducted a survey to find out whether men who have sex with men (MSM) in Switzerland are already taking PrEP, or are considering using it, and whether it is being taken under medical supervision or not.

Methods

Grindr® is a geosocial networking app for MSM. Between 5 and 24 January 2017, users of the app who were located in Switzerland by a global positioning system (GPS) were asked to participate in a ten‐question survey on PrEP use.

Results

Of the 2455 people who took part in the survey, 1893 were included in the analysis. Eighty‐two participants (4.3%) reported that they were currently taking PrEP, 64 of whom (78%) said that they were under medical supervision. Seven PrEP users (9%) declared that they had not taken an HIV test within the previous 12 months. Nine hundred and forty‐four (49.9%) were considering taking PrEP in the next 6 months, and 1474 (77.9%) were considering taking it at some point in the future.

Conclusions

In an online survey carried out among sexually active MSM in Switzerland, only a minority of the individuals approached responded that they were currently using PrEP. However, the majority of participants were considering taking PrEP in the future. We identified a substantial proportion of PrEP users taking PrEP outside a medical setting. Hence, a national programme facilitating access to medical care and providing PrEP is urgently needed.
The Importance of Disambiguating Adaptive States in Development Theory and Practice
Authors: Engel Laura
Published: May 2017

This article proposes a way to disambiguate the evaluative states currently identified as “adaptive preferences” in development literature. It provides a brief analysis of Serene Khader's Deliberative Perfectionist Approach, and demonstrates that distinguishing between adaptive states has important implications for the theory and practice of development intervention. Although I support Khader's general approach and consider my project to be complementary, I argue that the termpreferencesbe replaced with four distinct terms:beliefs, choices, desires, andvalues. Distinguishing among adaptive states can serve to prevent inappropriate intervention and appreciate the costs of transforming inappropriate adaptations. I argue that adaptive values are especially problematic, given how central a person's values are to their sense of meaning and self. Attempts to transform adaptive values are likely to produce internal conflict, resulting in psychological distress and diminished agency. Furthermore, some values (referred to in moral psychology as sacred values) preclude deliberation and comparison given their communal status as infinitely valuable. To deliberate about sacred values is to violate them. The emotional and psychological damage that may result from value transformation is thus likely to be extensive, and must be taken into account when determining whether, and what type of, intervention is justified.
Mesozoic radiolarian faunas from the northwest Ilocos Region, Luzon, Philippines and their tectonic significance
Authors: Queaño Karlo L. , Marquez Edanjarlo J. , Dimalanta Carla B. , Aitchison Jonathan C. , Ali Jason R. , Yumul Graciano P.
Published: May 2017

Northwestern Ilocos Norte in Luzon, Philippines, exposes cherts, peridotite and a variety of metamorphic rocks including chlorite schist, quartzo‐feldspathic schist, muscovite schist and actinolite schist. These rocks are incorporated within a tectonic mélange, the Dos Hermanos Mélange, which is thrust onto the turbidite succession of the Eocene Bangui Formation and capped by the Upper Miocene Pasuquin Limestone. The radiolarian assemblages constrain the stratigraphic range of the cherts to the uppermost Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous. Stratigraphically important species include Eucyrtidiellum pyramis (Aita), Hiscocapsa acuta (Hull), Protunuma japonicus (Matsuoka & Yao), Archeodictyomitra montisserei (Squinabol), Hiscocapsa asseni (Tan), Cryptamphorella conara (Foreman) and Pseudodictyomitra carpatica (Lozyniak). The radiolarian biostratigraphic data provide evidence for the existence of a Mesozoic basinal source from which the cherts and associated rocks were derived. Crucial to determining the origin of these rocks is their distribution and resemblance with known mélange outcrops in Central Philippines. The mélange in the northwestern Ilocos region bears similarities in terms of age and composition with those noted in the western part of the Central Philippines, particularly in the islands of Romblon, Mindoro and Panay. The existence of tectonic mélanges in the Central Philippines has been attributed to the Early to Middle Miocene arc–continent collision. This event involved the Philippine Mobile Belt and the Palawan Microcontinental Block, a terrane that drifted from the southeastern margin of mainland Asia following the opening of the South China Sea. Such arc–continent collision event could also well explain the existence of a tectonic mélange in northwestern Luzon.
Study on the foraging behaviour of the European nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus reveals the need for a change in conservation strategy in Belgium
Authors: Evens Ruben , Beenaerts Natalie , Witters Nele , Artois Tom
Published: May 2017

Effective nature conservation requires coherent actions based on the best available evidence concerning protected species. Recent studies have suggested that European nightjars Caprimulgus europaeus forage outside their recognized breeding habitats, yet, for Flanders (northern Belgium) information on nightjar foraging behaviour and key foraging habitats is lacking. To assess whether the foraging ecology of nightjars in Flanders is similar to that observed in other parts of Europe, we studied the crepuscular behaviour of this species in Bosland (northeastern Flanders) during a five‐year radio telemetry study. Tracking of 48 individuals within a coniferous forest was standardized and home ranges were calculated using a kernel density estimator (fixed kernel). Habitat use was investigated by comparing kernel placement to available habitat. Average maximal foraging distance was 2603 ± 1094 m and home ranges extended up to 691 ha. We identified the key foraging habitats to be extensively‐cultivated grasslands and recreational areas, areas that were previously assumed unsuitable for Belgian nightjars. Our results indicate the importance of foraging sites outside the breeding territory, confirming the findings of previous studies performed elsewhere in Europe. Incorporating our findings into future conservation plans could, therefore, lead to improved efficiency of EU conservation measures, designed for the protection of this bird species in Flanders.
Mucosal melanoma: clinical, histological and c‐kit gene mutational profile of 86 French cases
Authors: Cinotti E. , Chevallier J. , Labeille B. , Cambazard F. , Thomas L. , Balme B. , Leccia M.T. , D'Incan M. , Vercherin P. , Douchet C. , Rubegni P. , Perrot J.L.
Published: May 2017

Background

Mucosal melanomas are rare and highly aggressive tumours. Few studies evaluated mucosal melanomas of locations other than the head and neck region, and other than those of the Asian population.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to analyse the clinical and histological features, as well as the mutational status of c‐kit and b‐raf gene of mucosal melanoma in any localization in a French series.

Methods

We investigated clinical (sex, age, performance status, survival, treatment of the patients and lack of pigmentation of the tumours) and histopathological features (ulceration, Breslow's index, mitotic rate), as well as the mutational status of c‐kit and b‐raf of 86 mucosal melanomas diagnosed in 15 years in four French University Hospitals.

Results

Most melanomas affected women (72%) and the genital region (46.5%). A fifth of melanomas were amelanotic. 81% of melanomas had a Breslow's index ≥1, whereas all glans melanomas, and most vulvar melanomas had a Breslow index ≤1 mm. Overall survival was 54% at 3 years; 11.6% of the 43 tested mucosal melanomas were c‐kit‐mutated while the 15 tested genital melanomas were not. The c‐kit gene mutation did not influence the overall survival. Age ≥ 50, amelanotic type and performance status ≥1 were not poor prognostic factors in our series.

Conclusion

This study confirmed that mucosal melanomas are rare and could be difficult to diagnose being often amelanotic and in hidden sites. Most melanomas were thick at the diagnosis, but glans and vulvar melanomas were thinner probably because of their greater visibility. The frequency of the c‐kit mutation varied depending on the initial tumour site. In our series, the prognosis was poor, independently from c‐kit mutations and the patient's general health and age. The presence of metastasis at diagnosis was associated with a worse prognosis indicating the importance of an early diagnosis.
Effect of RRR‐α‐tocopherol supplementation on serum of breastfeeding women up to 60 days after delivery: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lira L. Q. , Gurgel C. S. S. , de Sousa A. L. , da Silva A. G. A. , Padovam J. C. , Moia M. N. , Silva R. L. M. , Dimenstein R.
Published: May 2017

Background

Maternal supplementation is a viable strategy to combat vitamin E deficiency in newborns, although a protocol for maternal vitamin E supplementation has not been defined. The present study assessed the effect of maternal supplementation in a single dose on the serum of postpartum women up to 60 days after delivery.

Methodology

Fifty healthy breastfeeding women were recruited at two maternity hospitals both located in Natal, RN, Brazil. The participants were randomly allocated to a control group and a treatment group in a 1 : 1 ratio. Serum was collected 1, 20, 30 and 60 days after delivery. Immediately after the first collection, the treatment group received a single dose of 400 IU of RRR‐α‐tocopherol. α‐Tocopherol was quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The usual dietary vitamin E intake was determined using four 24‐h recalls, and intake adequacy was assessed based on the estimated average requirements for lactating women (16 mg day−1).

Results

The mean dietary vitamin E intakes of the both groups were similar (P > 0.05) and inadequate. The serum levels of α‐tocopherol assessed at 1, 20, 30 and 60 days indicated adequate vitamin E status in both the control group (1194.6, 907.7, 910 and 748.6 μg dL−1, respectively) and treatment group (1183.7, 956.0, 935.9 and 766.4 μg dL−1, respectively). The comparison at each day showed no difference between treatments (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

A single vitamin E supplement did not change the mean serum level of α‐tocopherol in breastfeeding women; thus, it does not improve their vitamin E status in the first 60 days after delivery.
Effect of aqueous extract and anthocyanins of calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceae) in rats with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ali Badreldin H , Cahliková Lucie , Opletal Lubomir , Karaca Turan , Manoj Priyadarsini , Ramkumar Aishwarya , Al Suleimani Yousuf M , Al Za'abi Mohammed , Nemmar Abderrahim , Chocholousova-Havlikova Lucie , Locarek Miroslav , Siatka Tomas , Blunden Gerald
Published: May 2017

Objectives

The aim of this work was to assess the possible beneficial effects of aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces and anthocyanins isolated therefrom in an adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) model.

Methods

Rats were orally given, for 28 consecutive days, either adenine alone or together with either aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyces (5 and 10%) or anthocyanins (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of anthocyanin concentrate). For comparative purposes, two groups of rats were given lisinopril (10 mg/kg).

Key findings

When either H. sabdariffa aqueous extract or the anthocyanins isolated from it was administered along with adenine, the adverse effects of adenine-induced CKD were significantly lessened, mostly in a dose-dependent manner. The positive effects were similar to those obtained by administration of lisinopril.

Conclusions

The results obtained show that both H. sabdariffa and its anthocyanins could be considered as possible promising safe dietary agents that could be used to attenuate the progression of human CKD. This could have added significance as H. sabdariffa tea is widely consumed in many parts of Africa and Asia and is thus readily available.
Tramper perspectives on New Zealand's Great Walks in a time of transition
Authors: Fagan Joe , Kearns Robin
Published: May 2017

‘Great Walks’ are highly managed multi‐day experiences established within New Zealand's national parks. We examine their history and promotion asking ‘How have the contexts for recreational walking in the New Zealand wilderness changed?’ and ‘How are these changes regarded by trampers as practitioners of backcountry walking?’ To address these questions, we draw on 703 responses to an online survey. We note a mixed regard for Great Walks among trampers. Some consider the wilderness experience as undermined by the popularity of these branded experiences while others note that they cater for a range of users, despite high costs reducing effective accessibility.
Road maintenance – patching a hole in mobilities‐roading research: A case study of the Longbeach Road Board, Canterbury, New Zealand, 1911–1938
Authors: Roche Michael
Published: May 2017

With respect to transport and mobilities literatures this paper (1) offers from historical geography, the suggestion that mobilities insights are not restricted to the present or future, (2) illustrates this through a microscale analysis of road maintenance and (3) and, most importantly, focusses on the upkeep of the road network whereas most of the existing work is on the creation and extension of roads as part of state building projects. Road maintenance it is concluded is itself a highly mobile activity and it is also contended that the road itself is a mobile and not a stable platform.
The concept of triple wavefront fusion during biventricular pacing: Using the EGM to produce the best acute hemodynamic improvement in CRT
Authors: ter Horst Iris A.H. , Bogaard Margot D. , Tuinenburg Anton E. , Mast Thomas P. , de Boer Teun P. , Doevendans Pieter A.F.M. , Meine Mathias
Published: May 2017

Background

Previous reports suggest that biventricular pacing (BiVp) fused with intrinsic conduction (BiVp‐fusion, triple wavefront fusion) is associated with improved resynchronization compared to pure‐BiVp in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). This study aimed to assess the association between acute hemodynamic benefit of CRT and signs of BiVp‐fusion by using a novel electrogram (EGM)‐based method.

Methods

In 17 patients undergoing CRT implantation, 28 combinations of atrioventricular (AV) and interventricular (VV) delays were applied while invasively measuring acute hemodynamic response based on maximum rate of left ventricular (LV) pressure rise (LV dP/dtmax) to assess optimal BiVp settings. BiVp‐fusion was noted if farfield signal (caused by first intrinsic ventricular depolarization) was seen prior to right ventricular (RV) pacing (RVp) artifact on integrated bipolar RV EGM, or QRS morphology changed compared to pure‐BiVp (short AV‐delay) as seen on electrocardiogram (ECG).

Results

Mean optimal RVp timing was at 98 ± 17% of intrinsic right atrial (RA)‐RVfarfield (interval from right atrial pace or sense to RV farfield signal) interval, while preactivating the LV at 50 ± 11% of RA‐RVsense (interval from right atrial pace or sense to RV sense interval) interval. BiVp‐fusion was noted in 16 of 17 (94%) patients on ECG during optimal BiVp. Eight of these patients showed intrinsic farfield signal prior to RVp artifact on RV EGM. In the remaining eight, the RVp was paced just within the RA‐RVfarfield interval with a mean of 25 ± 14 ms prior to the onset; therefore, the intrinsic farfield was masked.

Conclusion

Optimal hemodynamic BiVp facilitates triple wavefront fusion, by pacing the RV around the onset of intrinsic farfield signal on RV EGM, while preactivating the LV. Aiming at BiVp‐fusion could be a target for noninvasive EGM‐based CRT device setting optimization.
A Novel VPS33B Mutation in a Patient with Arthrogryposis‐Renal Dysfunction‐Cholestasis Syndrome
Authors: Moon Amanda T. , Christensen Theresa , Streicher Jenna L. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie
Published: May 2017

We report a case of arthrogryposis‐renal dysfunction‐cholestasis (ARC) syndrome in a girl with a novel VPS33B mutation. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ARC syndrome in the United States.
Insulin glulisine for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in pediatric type 1 diabetes
Authors: Urakami Tatsuhiko , Mine Yusuke , Aoki Masako , Okuno Misako , Suzuki Junichi
Published: May 2017

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of insulin glulisine (GLU) used for continuous s.c. insulin infusion (CSII) in 20 children with type 1 diabetes after 1 year of GLU treatment. There were no significant differences in mean plasma glucose before breakfast and before dinner between before and after using GLU, but the levels after breakfast and after dinner significantly improved, from 192.5 ± 31.7 to 162.0 ± 27.3 mg/dL for breakfast, and from 191.1 ± 33.3 to 161.1 ± 24.5 mg/dL for dinner (P < 0.01). Mean hemoglobin A1c significantly decreased (from 8.0 ± 0.8 to 7.7 ± 0.8%, P < 0.05), and the mean frequency of hypoglycemia significantly reduced after using GLU (from 8.3 ± 4.9 to 6.0 ± 3.4/month, P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of GLU rather than other rapid‐acting analogues for CSII might be an effective treatment option in children with type 1 diabetes.
Assessing Obama's Domestic Policy
Authors: Downey Davia C.
Published: May 2017

Related Content: Balfour (PAR July/August 2017)

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Editors' Introduction
Authors: Isett Kimberley R. , Head Brian W. , VanLandingham Gary
Published: May 2017

Related Content: Kagarise and Zavattaro (PAR July/August 2017)

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Growth is (really) good for the (really) rich
Authors: Campos‐Vazquez Raymundo M. , Chavez Emmanuel , Esquivel Gerardo
Published: May 2017

This paper analyses the relationship between mean income and the income of the rich. Our methodology closely follows that of Dollar and Kraay (Journal of Economic Growth, 2002, 7, 195), but instead of looking at the bottom of the distribution, we focus on the top. We use panel data from the World Top Incomes database, which collects top income data from several countries using tax returns as the raw source. We define the “rich” as earners in the top 10%, 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% of the income distribution. Using data since 1980, we find that economic growth is good for the rich in the sense that the mean income of the top decile of the distribution grows in the same proportion as that of the whole population. However, we also find that the income of earners in the top percentile of the distribution and above grows faster than average income: therefore, economic growth is really good for the really rich. We also find that during economic downturns the average income of top earners responds proportionally less to changes in mean income than during economic expansions. Our results are consistent with the increase in inequality that has been recently observed at the top part of the distribution in many countries, and they are robust to different specifications, country samples and time observations.
The Relationship Between Surface Curvature and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Wall Stress
Authors: de Galarreta Sergio Ruiz , Cazón Aitor , Antón Raúl , Finol Ender A.
Published: May 2017

The maximum diameter (MD) criterion is the most important factor when predicting risk of rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). An elevated wall stress has also been linked to a high risk of aneurysm rupture, yet is an uncommon clinical practice to compute AAA wall stress. The purpose of this study is to assess whether other characteristics of the AAA geometry are statistically correlated with wall stress. Using in-house segmentation and meshing algorithms, 30 patient-specific AAA models were generated for finite element analysis (FEA). These models were subsequently used to estimate wall stress and maximum diameter and to evaluate the spatial distributions of wall thickness, cross-sectional diameter, mean curvature, and Gaussian curvature. Data analysis consisted of statistical correlations of the aforementioned geometry metrics with wall stress for the 30 AAA inner and outer wall surfaces. In addition, a linear regression analysis was performed with all the AAA wall surfaces to quantify the relationship of the geometric indices with wall stress. These analyses indicated that while all the geometry metrics have statistically significant correlations with wall stress, the local mean curvature (LMC) exhibits the highest average Pearson's correlation coefficient for both inner and outer wall surfaces. The linear regression analysis revealed coefficients of determination for the outer and inner wall surfaces of 0.712 and 0.516, respectively, with LMC having the largest effect on the linear regression equation with wall stress. This work underscores the importance of evaluating AAA mean wall curvature as a potential surrogate for wall stress.
Experimental Study of Suction Flow Control Effectiveness in a Serpentine Intake
Authors: Keerthi M. C. , Kushari Abhijit , Somasundaram Valliammai
Published: May 2017

The intakes of modern aircraft are subjected to ever-increasing demands in their performance. Particularly, they are expected to carry out diffusion with the highest isentropic efficiency while subjected to aggressive geometry requirements arising from stealth considerations. To avoid a penalty in engine performance, the flow through intake needs to be controlled using various methods of flow control. In this study, a serpentine intake is studied experimentally and its performance compared with and without boundary layer suction. The performance parameters used are nondimensional total pressure loss coefficient and standard total pressure distortion descriptors. The effect is observed on surface pressure distributions, and inferences are made regarding separation location and extent. A detailed measurement at the exit plane shows flow structures that draw attention to secondary flows within the duct. Suction is applied at three different locations, spanning different number of ports along each location, comprising of ten unique configurations. The mass flow rate of suction employed ranges from 1.1% to 6.7% of mass flow rate at the inlet of the intake. The effect is seen on exit total pressure recovery as well as circumferential and radial distortion parameters. This is examined in the context of the location of the suction ports and amount of suction mass flow, by the deviation in surface pressure distributions, as well as the separation characteristics from the baseline case. The results show that applying suction far upstream of the separation point together with a modest amount of suction downstream results in the best performance.
Big Data-Driven Manufacturing—Process-Monitoring-for-Quality Philosophy
Authors: Abell Jeffrey A. , Chakraborty Debejyo , Escobar Carlos A. , Im Kee H. , Wegner Diana M. , Wincek Michael A.
Published: May 2017

Discussion of big data (BD) has been about data, software, and methods with an emphasis on retail and personalization of services and products. Big data also has impacted engineering and manufacturing and has resulted in better and more efficient manufacturing operations, improved quality, and more personalized products. A less apparent effect is that big data have changed problem solving: the problems we choose to solve, the strategy we seek, and the tools we employ. This paper illustrates this point by showing how the big data style of thinking enabled the development of a new quality assurance philosophy called process monitoring for quality (PMQ). PMQ is a blend of process monitoring and quality control (QC) that is founded on big data and big model (BDBM), which are catalysts for the next step in the evolution of the quality movement. Process monitoring (PM) for quality was used to evaluate the performance of the ultrasonically welded battery tabs in the new Chevrolet Volt, an extended range electric vehicle.
A Thermohydrodynamic Analysis of the Self-Lubricating Bearings Applied in Gear Pumps Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Method
Authors: Mo Jintao , Gu Chaohua , Pan Xiaohong , Zheng Shuiying , Ying Guangyao
Published: May 2017

The transient simulation of the journal bearing temperature in the internal gear pumps is hard due to the complicated shaft motion caused by the complicated loads. In this paper, a thermohydrodynamic analysis method, based on dynamic mesh techniques, is presented with the application of the general computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code fluent. This method can simulate the complex whirling orbit induced temperature variation in internal gear pumps and has taken into account the conduction in the rotating and orbiting rotor of a hydrodynamic bearing. A test rig has been built according to the structure of an internal gear pump to carry out the validation. The results show that the model is reliable. The relationship between bearing temperature, leakage, and axial clearance in the internal gear pump has been studied. It is found that the bearing temperature will decrease slightly, while the leakage increases heavily with larger axial clearance. A thermohydrodynamic analysis of the self-lubricating bearing in the internal gear pump has been done based on this method. The results show that the pressure profile changes regularly with the whirling motion of the journal, while the whirling motion has little effect on the distribution of the temperature. Besides, the increase of the whirling radius will result in the decrease of the pressure profile and the increase of the temperature profile.
Repeated divergent selection on pigmentation genes in a rapid finch radiation
Authors: Campagna Leonardo , Repenning Márcio , Silveira Luís Fábio , Fontana Carla Suertegaray , Tubaro Pablo L. , Lovette Irby J.
Published: May 2017

Selection acted repeatedly on regions that may regulate the expression of genes underlying coloration differences in seedeaters.
Strike disrupts research at Puerto Rico's top university
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: May 2017

Financial crisis triggers austerity plans and protests
SESAME and beyond
Authors: Mtingwa Sekazi K. , Winick Herman
Published: May 2017

Last week, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Pakistan, the Palestinian Authority, and Turkey, as well as other nations and international organizations, gathered in Jordan to inaugurate the Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME) project. Having persevered through two decades of political and financial challenges, this complex machine is poised to run its first experiments this year. Indeed, SESAME represents the power of science in bringing together countries—even those with frayed relations—under a common goal of advancing knowledge for the benefit of all humankind. The triumph of SESAME, and the outpouring of research results from other light sources around the world, have spurred interest in building synchrotrons in developing countries.
Peptidoglycan Association of Murein Lipoprotein Is Required for KpsD-Dependent Group 2 Capsular Polysaccharide Expression and Serum Resistance in a Uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
Isolate
Authors: Diao Jingyu , Bouwman Catrien , Yan Donghong , Kang Jing , Katakam Anand K. , Liu Peter , Pantua Homer , Abbas Alexander R. , Nickerson Nicholas N. , Austin Cary , Reichelt Mike , Sandoval Wendy , Xu Min , Whitfield Chris , Kapadia Sharookh B.
Published: May 2017

Murein lipoprotein (Lpp) and peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (Pal) are major outer membrane lipoproteins in
Escherichia coli
. Their roles in cell-envelope integrity have been documented in
E. coli
laboratory strains, and while Lpp has been linked to serum resistance
in vitro
, the underlying mechanism has not been established. Here,
lpp
and
pal
mutants of uropathogenic
E. coli
strain CFT073 showed reduced survival in a mouse bacteremia model, but only the
lpp
mutant was sensitive to serum killing
in vitro
. The peptidoglycan-bound Lpp form was specifically required for preventing complement-mediated bacterial lysis
in vitro
and complement-mediated clearance
in vivo
. Compared to the wild-type strain, the
lpp
mutant had impaired K2 capsular polysaccharide production and was unable to respond to exposure to serum by elevating capsular polysaccharide amounts. These properties correlated with altered cellular distribution of KpsD, the predicted outer membrane translocon for “group 2” capsular polysaccharides. We identified a novel Lpp-dependent association between functional KpsD and peptidoglycan, highlighting important interplay between cell envelope components required for resistance to complement-mediated lysis in uropathogenic
E. coli
isolates.

IMPORTANCE
Uropathogenic
E. coli
(UPEC) isolates represent a significant cause of nosocomial urinary tract and bloodstream infections. Many UPEC isolates are resistant to serum killing. Here, we show that a major cell-envelope lipoprotein (murein lipoprotein) is required for serum resistance
in vitro
and for complement-mediated bacterial clearance
in vivo
. This is mediated, in part, through a novel mechanism by which murein lipoprotein affects the proper assembly of a key component of the machinery involved in production of “group 2” capsules. The absence of murein lipoprotein results in impaired production of the capsule layer, a known participant in complement resistance. These results demonstrate an important role for murein lipoprotein in complex interactions between different outer membrane biogenesis pathways and further highlight the importance of lipoprotein assembly and transport in bacterial pathogenesis.
High-performance reduced graphene oxide – red phosphorous composites anodes for lithium batteries and soft X-ray near-edge structure studies
Authors: Wang Dongniu , Zuin Lucia , Muir David
Published: May 2017

A solution method was developed to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (RGO) – red phosphorous (RP) composites. The uniform distribution of RP particles into three-dimensional conductive RGO network was obtained. Due to both improved electronic structure and mechanical properties, the hybrids delivered a high lithium storage capacity with superior rate performance. For the first time, the electronic structure, as revealed by phosphorous (P) L-edge and lithium (Li) K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), provides spectroscopic evidence to identify the lithiated products and solid electrolyte interphase. Charge distribution in between RP and RGO was also found by XANES, facilitating the anchoring of active RP into RGO surface.
Variation in stream metabolism and benthic invertebrate composition along longitudinal profiles of two contrasting river systems
Authors: Yates Adam G. , Brua Robert B. , Culp Joseph M. , Young Roger G. , Chambers Patricia A.
Published: May 2017

Our study aimed to determine drivers of longitudinal variation in stream metabolism and benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) composition and assess concordance of these ecological measures for two Canadian rivers (Rat River and Tobacco Creek). Gross primary production was associated with longitudinal position in both rivers but also with the percentage of the watershed used for agriculture and hydrogeomorphic zone. However, within- and among-zone differences in stream metabolism indicated that longitudinal variation followed a staircase pattern rather than a clinal pattern. BMI composition was associated with network position in both rivers, but hydrogeomorphic zones were only important in Tobacco Creek. Among-zone differences in BMI communities in Tobacco Creek depended on season. Concordance between stream metabolism and BMI composition was not observed within either river despite metabolism and BMI composition being associated with longitudinal position. For these rivers, segment-scale hydrogeomorphic conditions appear to be important modifiers of longitudinal patterns observed at the whole river scale. The lack of concordance between stream metabolism and BMI composition suggests reach-scale processes are driving ecological differences within sampling sites.
The degree of automorphisms of quasi-circular domains fixing the origin
Authors: Rong Feng
Published: May 2017

By using the Bergman representative coordinates, we give the necessary and sufficient condition for the degree of automorphisms of quasi-circular domains fixing the origin to be bounded by the resonance order, thus solving a conjecture of the author.
Orientation-dependent behaviors of H dissolution and diffusion near W surfaces: A first-principles study
Authors: Pan Guyue , Zhang Yongsheng , Li Yonggang , Zhang Chuanguo , Zhao Zhe , Zeng Zhi
Published: May 2017

The dissolution and diffusion behaviors of H in the four low-Miller-index W surfaces ((110), (112), (100) and (111)) are systematically studied by the density functional theory approach to understand the orientation dependence of the H bubble distribution on surface. The results show that H accumulation on surface is influenced by H diffusion barrier as well as vacancy and H formation. The barriers of diffusion towards surfaces are larger than that in bulk. It indicates that H is prone to diffuse into the deep in bulk once H dissolves in surface. H is preferred to accumulate on the W(111) surface due to the lower formation energies of vacancy and H comparing to that in bulk. However, W(110) is the resistant surface for forming H bubble due to the higher formation energies of vacancy and H. The results are helpful for understanding the orientation dependence of surface damages on W surface and designing new plasma-facing materials.
Asymmetric Reinforcement Learning and Conditioned Responses During the 2007–2009 Global Financial Crisis: Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chih-Hsiang , Chen Shan-Shan , Hsieh Song-Lin
Published: May 2017

This study applies self-developed models using standardized regression analysis to investigate the learning behavior associated with investor sentiment and psychological pitfalls during the 2007–2009 Global Financial Crisis. The empirical results, which draw on reinforcement learning and classical conditioning perspectives, reveal asymmetric reinforcement learning behavior because investors report a higher tendency to avoid past unfavorable outcomes rather than repeat past favorable outcomes. The evidence also supports the conditioned response of psychological pitfalls to the Taiwanese government’s stimulus measures during 2007–2009; however, no concrete evidence supports the conditioned response of investor sentiment.
Free Vibration Analysis of Rotating Euler–Bernoulli Beam with Exponentially Varying Cross-Section by Differential Transform Method
Authors: Nourifar Mostafa , Keyhani Ali , Aftabi Sani Ahmad
Published: May 2017

In this paper, the free vibration analysis of non-uniform rotating Euler–Bernoulli beam is carried out. It is assumed that the beam has exponentially decaying circular cross-section. In order to solve the problem, the differential transform method (DTM) is utilized. Based on our knowledge, we claim that the recurrence relation presented herein is an elaborate recurrence relation which has been obtained for ordinary differential equations. Non-dimensional natural frequencies of the beam are obtained and tabulated for different values of the beam parameters such as taper ratio and rotating speed. Furthermore, the finite element method (FEM) is employed to solve the problem. Comparison of the results obtained by DTM and FEM indicates the accuracy of proposed solutions.
Some operators and dimensions in modular meet-continuous lattices
Authors: Bárcenas Mauricio Medina , Montes José Ríos , Corichi Angel Zaldívar
Published: May 2017

Given a complete modular meet-continuous lattice [Formula: see text], an inflator on [Formula: see text] is a monotone function [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text] is the set of all inflators on [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is a complete lattice. Motivated by preradical theory, we introduce two operators, the totalizer and the equalizer. We obtain some properties of these operators and see how they are related to the structure of the lattice [Formula: see text] and with the concept of dimension.
Some facets of Horn covarieties in a category
Authors: Kianpi Maurice , Nkuimi-Jugnia Celestin
Published: May 2017

Considering co-well-powered and cocomplete categories, replacing closure under taking quotients by closure under taking strong ones and doing similarly for closure under domains of epis, we get what we call weakly behavioral weak (Horn, quasi) covarieties and characterize minimal such classes as far as Horn covarieties are concerned. This enables us to define atomic (weakly) behavioral (weak) quasi covarieties and covarieties and characterize them too. We show that minimal (weakly) behavioral (weak) Horn covarieties form a basis of open classes for a topology on the class of objects of the category for which open classes include all (weakly) behavioral (weak) Horn covarieties. Dualizing these results, we characterize minimal classes of objects closed under domains and codomains of (strong) monos and nonempty products and some variations thereof and investigate the particular case of the category of rings with unit and unit-preserving ring homomorphisms.
A note on spectral analysis in automorphic representation theory for GL2: I
Authors: Wu Han
Published: May 2017

We establish the Fourier inversion for the smooth vectors in [Formula: see text] over a number field [Formula: see text], using minimal knowledge from automorphic representation theory. We point out a possible way to establish Fourier inversion for larger classes of functions. We also point out the incompleteness of some commonly believed “proof” of Fourier inversion in the literature. Moreover, the explicit computation of the intertwining operator has independent interests.
Co-Benefits of CO2 and NOx Emission Control in China’s Cement Industry
Authors: FENG Xiangzhao , LUGOVOY Oleg , YAN Sheng , QIN Hu
Published: May 2017

Over the past 30 years, China’s cement industry has experienced rapid development. In this study the authors estimate the emissions trend, emissions control policies, and costs of the policies in China’s cement industry under various economic growth scenarios. First, the authors develop a bottom-up energy system — multi-pollutant abatement planning (MAP) model for China’s cement industry based on the existing productivity, a set of retrofitting options and new investments, alternative fuels, and various available emission control technologies. Second, the authors identify key drivers of cement demand to develop scenarios for future cement demand (2012–2030) and corresponding output peak time under high/low economic growth conditions. Third, the authors consider three scenarios including current policies without carbon control (BAU), moderately low carbon scenario (MLC), and radically low carbon scenario (RLC). The scenarios are being built up with different emission control goals and also compared by costs with estimation of marginal abatement cost curve for cement industry. Finally, based on the estimates the authors suggest a cost-efficient green/low carbon development roadmap for China’s cement sector, considering best available technological options and policy instruments. The study estimates the benefits of co-controlling air pollutants and CO2 emissions, and proposes an innovative mechanism to deal with air pollution and climate change.
Multimodal concepts for social robots
Authors: Mangin Olivier
Published: May 2017

Whether they try to mimic human cognition or give us a new glimpse of it as modelling tools, robots have become an essential component of cognitive sciences. My doctoral work embraces this duality of robotic research along two topics that are the study of language acquisition and learning by imitation.
Interactions between learning and decision making
Authors: Tulabandhula Theja
Published: May 2017

This thesis revolves around learning and decision making and how these two processes interact with each other in surprising ways. To this end, we have studied the effects of machine learning on decision making and vice versa in a variety of theoretical contexts. On the way, we have also touched application areas such as power grid maintenance scheduling and professional car racing.
Optimization search finds a heart of glass
Authors: Edwards Chris
Published: May 2017

Analog computing could provide greater efficiency, improved digital algorithms.
The dynamics of work-family conflict
Authors: Liu Yili , Zhou Lina
Published: May 2017

Conflict is averted by separating work and family time and responsibility, as reflected in millions of tweets.
Origin and Evolution of Water in the Moon's Interior
Authors: Hauri Erik H. , Saal Alberto E. , Nakajima Miki , Anand Mahesh , Rutherford Malcolm J. , Van Orman James A. , Le Voyer Marion
Published: May 2017

Nearly forty years after the return of the first lunar samples to Earth, improvements in laboratory detection limits made possible the first definitive discovery of magmatic water in lunar volcanic samples. The intervening decade has seen an exponential increase in the amount of data on the abundance of magmatic water, and its hydrogen isotope composition, in various rock types recovered from the Moon. Here we review these data and describe how the abundance of water in the lunar interior places important constraints on models for the high-temperature origin and evolution of the Moon.
Selective Route Based on SNR with Cross-Layer Scheme in Wireless Ad Hoc Network
Authors: Istikmal  , Kurniawan Adit , Hendrawan
Published: May 2017

In this study, we developed network and throughput formulation models and proposed new method of the routing protocol algorithm with a cross-layer scheme based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This method is an enhancement of routing protocol ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV). This proposed scheme uses selective route based on the SNR threshold in the reverse route mechanism. We developed AODV SNR-selective route (AODV SNR-SR) for a mechanism better than AODV SNR, that is, the routing protocol that used average or sum of path SNR, and also better than AODV which is hop-count-based. We also used selective reverse route based on SNR mechanism, replacing the earlier method to avoid routing overhead. The simulation results show that AODV SNR-SR outperforms AODV SNR and AODV in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, and routing overhead. This proposed method is expected to support Device-to-Device (D2D) communications that are concerned with the quality of the channel awareness in the development of the future Fifth Generation (5G).
Formation Mechanism and Reduction Technology of Mining-Induced Fissures in Shallow Thick Coal Seam Mining
Authors: Li Jianwei , Liu Changyou
Published: May 2017

Surface mining-induced fissures formed in shallow coal seam mining have serious impact on safety mining and water resources protection. This paper proposes a novel approach to study the formation mechanism and dynamic development of surface mining-induced fissures in shallow coal seam mining. This approach combines field tests, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations based on the geological condition of shallow coal seam mining in Chuancao Gedan Coal Mine. Two typical surface mining-induced fissures, step-type fissures and collapse-type fissures, are generated in shallow coal seam mining. The fissures with large vertical throw or horizontal opening severely impact water resource protection and surface ecological environment. Surface mining-induced fissures are generated periodically and changed dynamically with the advancing of working face. The vertical throw and horizontal opening of surface fissures are changed dynamically with the movement of loading key strata. The movement forms of loading key strata determine the morphological development of surface fissures. Downward sliding movement of broken rocks causes step-type fissures, while downward rotation movement leads to collapse-type fissures. The degree of the downward sliding and rotation of broken rocks determines the vertical throw and horizontal opening of surface fissures. This paper proposes mining technologies to reduce damaging ground fissures in shallow coal seam mining and analyzes their control effects.