bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resolving nanoparticle growth mechanisms from size- and time-dependent growth rate analysis
Authors: Pichelstorfer Lukas , Stolzenburg Dominik , Ortega John , Karl Thomas , Kokkola Harri , Laakso Anton , Lehtinen Kari E. J. , Smith James N. , McMurry Peter H. , Winkler Paul M.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric new particle formation occurs frequently in the global atmosphere
and may play a crucial role in climate by affecting cloud properties. The
relevance of newly formed nanoparticles depends largely on the dynamics
governing their initial formation and growth to sizes where they become
important for cloud microphysics. One key to the proper understanding of
nanoparticle effects on climate is therefore hidden in the growth mechanisms.
In this study we have developed and successfully tested two independent
methods based on the aerosol general dynamics equation, allowing detailed
retrieval of time- and size-dependent nanoparticle growth rates. Both methods
were used to analyze particle formation from two different biogenic precursor
vapors in controlled chamber experiments. Our results suggest that growth
rates below 10 nm show much more variation than is currently thought and pin
down the decisive size range of growth at around 5 nm where in-depth studies
of physical and chemical particle properties are needed.
Wavelength calibration of Brewer spectrophotometer using a tuneable pulsed laser and implications to the Brewer ozone retrieval
Authors: Redondas Alberto , Nevas Saulius , Berjón Alberto , Sildoja Meelis-Mait , León-Luis Sergio Fabian , Carreño Virgilio , Santana Daniel
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In this contribution we present the wavelength calibration of the traveling reference Brewer spectrometer of the Regional Brewer Calibration Center for Europe (RBCC-E) at PTB in Braunschweig, Germany. The wavelength calibration is needed for the calculation of the ozone absorption coefficients used by the Brewer ozone algorithm. In order to validate the standard procedure for determining Brewer’s wavelength scale, a calibration has been performed by using a tuneable laser source at PTB in the framework of the EMRP project ENV59 ATMOZ Traceability for the total column ozone. Here we compare these results to those of the standard procedure for the wavelength calibration of the Brewer instrument. Such a comparison allows validating the standard methodology used for measuring the ozone absorption coefficient with respect to several assumptions. The results of the laser-based calibrations reproduces those obtained by the standard operational methodology and shows that there is a underestimation of 0.8 % due the use of the parametrized slit functions.
Is it feasible to estimate radiosonde biases from interlaced measurements?
Authors: Kremser Stefanie , Tradowsky Jordis S. , Rust Henning W. , Bodeker Greg E.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Upper-air measurements of essential climate variables (ECVs), such as temperature, are crucial for climate monitoring and climate change detection. Because of the internal variability of the climate system, many decades of measurements are typically required to robustly detect any trend in the climate data record. It is imperative for the records to be temporally homogeneous over many decades to confidently estimate any trend. Historically, records of upper-air measurements were primarily made for short-term weather forecasts and, as such, are seldom suitable for studying long-term climate change as they lack the required continuity and homogeneity. Recognizing this, the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) has been established to provide reference-quality measurements of climate variables, such as temperature, pressure and humidity, together with well characterized and traceable estimates of the measurement uncertainty. To ensure that GRUAN data products are suitable to detect climate change, a scientifically robust instrument replacement strategy must always be adopted whenever there is a change in instrumentation. By fully characterizing any systematic differences between the old and new measurement system a temporally homogeneous data series can be created. One strategy is to operate both the old and new instruments in tandem for some overlap period to characterize any inter-instrument biases. However, this strategy can be prohibitively expensive measurement sites operated by national weather services or research institutes. An alternative strategy that has been proposed is to alternate between the old and new instruments, so-called interlacing, and then statistically derive the systematic biases between the two instruments. Here we investigate the feasibility of such an approach specifically for radiosondes, i.e. flying the old and new instruments on alternating days. Synthetic data sets are used to explore the applicability of this statistical approach to radiosonde change management.
A framework for modelling the complexities of food and water security under globalisation
Authors: Dermody Brian J. , Sivapalan Murugesu , Stehfest Elke , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Wassen Martin J. , Bierkens Marc F. P. , Dekker Stefan C.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We present a new framework for modelling the complexities of food and water security under globalisation. The framework sets out a method to capture regional and sectoral interdependencies and cross-scale feedbacks within the global food system that contribute to emergent water use patterns. The framework integrates aspects of existing models and approaches in the fields of hydrology and integrated assessment modelling. The core of the framework is a multi-agent network of city agents connected by infrastructural trade networks. Agents receive socio-economic and environmental constraint information from integrated assessment models and hydrological models respectively and simulate complex, socio-environmental dynamics that operate within those constraints. The emergent changes in food and water resources are aggregated and fed back to the original models with minimal modification of the structure of those models. It is our conviction that the framework presented can form the basis for a new wave of decision tools that capture complex socio-environmental change within our globalised world. In doing so they will contribute to illuminating pathways towards a sustainable future for humans, ecosystems and the water they share.
A self-adjusting stiffness center design for large stroke compliant XY nanomanipulators
Authors: Liu Zhiqing , Zhang Zhen , Yan Peng
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In the present paper, it is proposed a self-adjusting stiffness center (SASC)
design for large stroke XY beam flexure-based mechanisms. An important
feature of the SASC lies in it restricts the in-plane parasitic rotation by
reducing the moment of force instead of increasing the rotational stiffness
widely utilized in the literature. Specifically, it is shown that by
leveraging on the varied stiffness of the parallelogram flexure, the
stiffness center can be made stationary by appropriately setting the relevant
geometric parameters, so that the parasitic rotation can be restricted.
Furthermore, it is presented a millimeter stroke XY nanomanipulator with the
SASC-based redundant constraint in a case study. Numerous finite element
analysis (FEA) results demonstrate that the proposed design is not only
capable of achieving 1.5 × 1.5 mm2 working range in a compact desktop
size, but significantly reduces the in-plane moment applied to the motion
stage. The proposed SASC-based design provides an alternative approach to
reduce the parasitic rotation of large stroke XY beam flexure-based
mechanisms.
Uncertainty indication in soil function maps – Transparent and easy-to-use information to support sustainable use of soil resources
Authors: Greiner Lucie , Nussbaum Madlene , Papritz Andreas , Zimmermann Stephan , Gubler Andreas , Grêt-Regamey Adrienne , Keller Armin
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The mapping of soil functions is increasingly being used to inform decision-making in spatial planning processes related to the capacity of soils to contribute to ecosystem services. In this study, we add to the transparency of soil function maps by indicating uncertainties arising from prediction uncertainties of soil properties as generated by digital soil mapping (DSM). For a study area in the Swiss Midlands, we map 10 static soil functions for agricultural soils together with their uncertainties, using soil property data generated by DSM. Mapping the ten soil functions using simple ordinal assessment scales reveals pronounced spatial patterns with a high variability of soil function fulfillment (SFF) across the region, linked to the inherent properties of the soils and terrain attributes and climate conditions. Uncertainties in soil properties propagated through SFA methods generally lead to substantial uncertainty in the mapped soil functions. We propose two types of uncertainty maps that can be readily understood by stakeholders. Cumulative distribution functions of SFF scores indicate that SFA methods respond differently to the propagated uncertainty of soil properties. Even where methods are comparable on the level of complexity and assessment scale, their comparability in view of uncertainty propagation might be different. We conclude that uncertainty indications in soil function maps are required to enable informed and transparent decisions on the sustainable use of soil resources.
Investigating cold based summit glaciers through direct access to the glacier base: a case study constraining the maximum age of Chli Titlis glacier, Switzerland
Authors: Bohleber Pascal , Hoffmann Helene , Kerch Johanna , Sold Leo , Fischer Andrea
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Cold glaciers at the highest locations of the European Alps have been
investigated by drilling ice cores to retrieve their stratigraphic climate
records. Findings like the Oetztal ice man have demonstrated that small ice
bodies at summit locations of comparatively lower altitudes may also contain
old ice if locally frozen to the underlying bedrock. In this case,
constraining the maximum age of their lowermost ice part may help to identify
past periods with minimum ice extent in the Alps. However, with recent
warming and consequent glacier mass loss, these sites may not preserve their
unique climate information for much longer. Here we utilized an existing ice
cave at Chli Titlis (3030 m), central Switzerland, to perform a case study
for investigating the maximum age of cold-based summit glaciers in the Alps.
The cave offers direct access to the glacier stratigraphy without the
logistical effort required in ice core drilling. In addition, a pioneering
exploration had already demonstrated stagnant cold ice conditions at Chli
Titlis, albeit more than 25 years ago. Our englacial temperature measurements
and the analysis of the isotopic and physical properties of ice blocks
sampled at three locations within the ice cave show that cold ice still
exists fairly unchanged today. State-of-the-art micro-radiocarbon analysis
constrains the maximum age of the ice at Chli Titlis to about 5000 years
before present. By this means, the approach presented here will contribute to
a future systematic investigation of cold-based summit glaciers, also in the
Eastern Alps.
El presente y futuro de la terapia psicosocial para personas vulnerables en España. Qué pueden aportar los teléfonos móviles
Authors: Garcia Vazquez Yolanda , Ferrás Carlos , Aguilera Adrián , Rocha Alvaro
Published: January 2018

Analizamos la literatura académica internacional centrada en los teléfonos móviles y las terapias psicosociales. Identificamos los artículos publicados entre 2000 y 2015 en las bases de datos disponibles en Internet; y ponemos en evidencia las escasas investigaciones con personas vulnerables. La literatura especializada en terapias psicosociales muestra interés en las utilidades de los teléfonos móviles en pacientes en general, con mayor producción desde la psicología y en menor medida desde el trabajo social. Destacan las investigaciones desarrolladas en los Estados Unidos y su escasa existencia en España, donde se discuten las competencias del trabajador social en este campo. Identificamos oportunidades y limitaciones en cuanto a la privacidad de los datos, al acceso a los teléfonos móviles y a su uso; para llegar a poblaciones aisladas o de escasos recursos o para facilitar el acceso a los servicios sociales y de salud. Concluimos con posibles orientaciones, hipótesis y objetivos en el diseño de nuevas investigaciones.
Sobre los límites de la intervención de los servicios sociales
Authors: Montagud Mayor Xavier
Published: January 2018

Uno de los argumentos más comunes a la hora de justificar el exiguo impacto d elos servicios sociales es el escaso peso que éstos representan en el conjunto del gasto social. En el articulo se muestra que esta justificación puede no ser del todo cierta. Pese a que el balance de sus primeros años fue claramente positivo, el análisis de ciertos datos del periodo 1997-2007 previos al estallido de la crisis muestra, a juicio del autor, las crecientes dificultades para mejorar las situaciones de pobreza y exclusión social con independencia de los medios financieros y personales que se hayan dispuesto. Tal afirmación sugiere la posibilidad de que la intervención de los servicios sociales esté sometida a ciertos límites que constriñen seriamente sus capacidades y plantea la necesidad de integrarlos en nuestro discurso. Sus fundamentos serían el irreversible cambio de época en el que nos encontramos, la insostenibilidad del modelo incrementalista de bienestar en el que se fundó la intervención social y una idea de finitud de la acción social que integra las reflexiones de Marx (1992) y Nussbaum (1995) al respecto. Cierra el texto un breve apartado en el que se detalla el significado de tales límites com tope, tránsito y transformación de los servicios sociales.
Las refugiadas políticas colombianas en España: aportes para la disciplina de Trabajo Social de los enfoque de género e intercultural
Authors: Mut Montalva Elena
Published: January 2018

El propósito del presente artículo es aportar conocimientos para la disciplina de Trabajo Social, específicamente en su praxis con mujeres y en la intervención colectiva con el enfoque de género y el enfoque intercultural. Partiendo de la idea de que todo conocimiento es situado, la presente investigación feminista subraya la importancia de pensar desde la perspectiva de las vidas de los grupos excluidos, en este caso de las refugiadas colombianas exiliadas en España, para visibilizar sus aportaciones a la defensa de los derechos humanos, al desarrollo humano sostenible y a la superación de la vulnerabilidad, a través de procesos de empoderamiento y de constitución de redes de apoyo. Para ello se reflexiona, por una parte, sobre la complejidad del refugio político y, por la otra, sobre sus prácticas asociativas. Aunque el drama del exilio es un elemento que atraviesa sus trayectorias vitales relegándolas a una posición subalterna, se analizan sus estrategias de resistencia, resiliencia y empoderamiento a través de su activismo en asociaciones y plataformas. De esta forma, se profundiza en el significado de la diversidad como característica inherente a la sociedad actual en las que convivimos con personas de diversas culturas, valores, creencias religiosas, identidades étnicas y de género, orientaciones sexuales, prácticas sociales, ideologías políticas y estilos de vida y, en particular, en el significado de las contribuciones de las refugiadas colombianas asentadas en España.
Mejorando la seguridad de los refugiados: una propuesta de intervención del Trabajo Social clínico
Authors: Huesca González Ana María , Gimenez Rodríguez Silvia , Quicios García Maria del Pilar
Published: January 2018

El presente artículo persigue dos objetivos fundamentales: por un lado, tratamos de mostrar la inseguridad en la que viven las personas refugiadas; por el otro, pretendemos señalar la posibilidad de utilizar el Trabajo Social clínico como herramienta para rebajar los efectos que pueda producir tal inseguridad en sus vidas. Para alcanzar el primero de los objetivos, se describe brevemente el panorama internacional que supone la llamada crisis de los refugiados en Europa para exponer, desde la perspectiva de esa realidad, la necesidad de considerar cómo está presente la inseguridad en la vida de estas personas, unas veces como inseguridad objetiva (guerra, violencia, agresiones) y otras en forma de incertidumbre sobre un futuro que se les plantea incierto. Respecto al segundo de los objetivos, se realiza una exposición sobre cómo el Trabajo Social clínico interviene en los procesos de incertidumbre e inseguridad de las personas refugiadas desde una perspectiva psicosocial interdisciplinar en una misma intervención, haciéndose eco de las distintas etapas por las que pasa el proceso migratorio.
Migración y ciudadanía. La lógica de la asignación de derechos en la acción social
Authors: Peláez-Paz Carlos , Sanz Abad Jesús
Published: January 2018

Exponemos las aportaciones de la reflexión antropológica acerca de la relación entre las formas de inclusión de la población inmigrante en España y el reconocimiento de los DESC y la ciudadanía. Asistimos al tránsito de la idea clásica de “ciudadanía social” de Marshall basada en la universalidad de derechos a una visión segmentada del acceso a los derechos en un contexto global neoliberal, en el cual la ciudadanía se convierte en un mecanismo de exclusión y no de inclusión. Describimos la producción de la alteridad del inmigrante  pauperizado y peligroso, que dan paso a su inclusión diferencial. En ese proceso clasificatorio el ordenamiento jurídico y la gestión institucional juegan un papel clave, legitimadas mediante los discursos de la escasez y la seguridad. Así, reflexionamos sobre la función del trabajo social en este contexto y la tensión entre modelos dirigidos al control social frente a otros que emplean lógicas transformadoras y de lucha por la equidad y la justicia social.
The Stoics on Hope and Fear: How to Be a Politically Engaged Stoic
Authors: Reddoch Jason
Published: January 2018

According to Stoicism, hope and fear are dangerous emotions that are irrational since they encourage us to designate external circumstances as good or bad, which from the Stoic perspective are a matter of indifference and have no bearing on our personal happiness. The Stoic theory of emotions provides a basis for identifying the dangers of hope and fear in contemporary American politics. Drawing on examples from the 2008 and 2016 presidential elections in which the American electorate experienced much hope and fear, this article explains how abandoning emotional gratification provides a more rational and compassionate approach to political engagement.
The Nexus between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Financial Performance: Evidence from the Listed Banks, Finance and Insurance Companies in Sri Lanka
Authors: Niresh J. Aloy , Silva W. H. E.
Published: January 2018

The nexus between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) and financial performance is an ongoing debate and a puzzle encountered by business organizations. This study is an attempt to address the question of whether CSRD is linked to financial performance of companies quoted on the Banks, Finance and Insurance sector in Sri Lanka. The sample includes only the companies that devote a separate section to disclose Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities in their annual reports as failure to disclose CSR in the annual reports will have a material effect on findings. Corporate Financial Performance (CFP) is measured through the use of Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) controlled for size and leverage. Content analysis was utilized to develop the Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Index (CSRDI). Two multiple regression models were analyzed using Stata. Findings of the study revealed that there is a significant association between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and future financial performance of the selected listed banks, finance and insurance companies in Sri Lanka.
The 2014-16 Global Commodity Price Declines and Sub-Saharan Africa’s Real Economy: Analysis for Sustainable Development
Authors: Chea Ashford C.
Published: January 2018

The purpose of the article was to ascertain any unfavorable effect of the global commodity price declines on sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) productive sectors. The findings suggest that the global commodity price declines impacted SSA economies in term of trade, growth link, prices, and liquidity. The conclusion derived from the findings is that African economic output was unfavorably impacted significantly, albeit at varying degrees.
Internal Control, Nature of Equity and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Sun Lu , Su Nanni
Published: January 2018

Enterprises can promote the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility through excellent internal control so as to achieve the long-term development. Based on the empirical data of main board listed companies of Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2013 to 2015, this paper conducts an empirical test by establishing the relationship models among internal control, nature of equity and corporate social responsibility. The results indicate that: (a) Internal control can positively promote the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility; (b) The state-owned enterprises fulfill corporate social responsibility better than non-state-owned enterprises; (c) State-owned enterprises can enhance the positive effect of internal control on the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility.
Global Stability and Hopf-bifurcation Analysis of Biological Systems using Delayed Extended Rosenzweig-MacArthur Model
Authors: Joshua Enobong E. , Akpan Cec Ekemini T.
Published: January 2018

This paper investigates the global asymptotic stability of a Delayed Extended Rosenzweig-MacArthur Model via Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. Frequency sweeping technique ensures stability switches as the delay parameter increases and passes the critical bifurcating threshold.The model exhibits a local Hopf-bifurcation from asymptotically stable oscillatory behaviors to unstable strange chaotic behaviors dependent of the delay parameter values.Hyper-chaotic fluctuations were observed for large delay values far away from the critical delay margin. Numerical simulations of experimental data obtained via non-dimensionalization have shown the applications of theoretical results in ecological population dynamics.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 7, No. 1
Authors: Lee Joan
Published: January 2018

Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/reviewer and e-mail the completed application form to sar@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 1Aftab Alam, Vice President Agriculture (R&D), Edenworks Inc. New York, United StatesAhmed Ghannam, University of Strasbourg, FranceAmor Slama, Science Faculty of Bizerte, TunisiaBed Mani Dahal, Kathmandu University, NepalBenedict Jonathan Kayombo, Botswana College of Agriculture, BotswanaBeye Amadou Moustapha, Rice Research Center, Cote d'IvoireCarlos Enrrik Pedrosa, Alis - Bom Despacho - MG, BrazilClara Ines Pardo Martinez, University of La Salle, ColombiaCristina Bianca Pocol, University of Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine of Cluj Napoca, RomaniaEntessar Mohammad Al JBawi, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, SyriaFrancesco Sunseri, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria - Italy, ItalyGema Parra, Universidad de Jaén, SpainInder Pal Singh, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University (GADVASU), IndiaJanakie Shiroma Saparamadu, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Sri LankaJiun-Yan Loh, UCSI University, MalaysiaKatarzyna Panasiewicz, Pozna? University of Life Sciences, Department of Agronomy, PolandManuel Teles Oliveira, University Tras os Montes Alto Douro (UTAD), PortugalMarcelo Augusto Gonçalves Bardi, Universidade Sao Francisco, BrazilMaren Langhof, Julius Kühn-Institut, GermanyMehmet Yagmur, Ahi Evran University, TurkeyMrutyunjay Swain, Sardar Patel University, IndiaMukantwali Christine, Rwanda Agriculture Board, RwandaMurtazain Raza, Subsidiary of Habib Bank AG Zurich, PakistanPelin Günç Ergönül, Celal Bayar University, TurkeyRaghuveer Sripathi, Advanta US, Inc., USARam Swaroop Jat, ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, IndiaRoberto José Zoppolo, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (Uruguay), UruguaySilviu Beciu, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, RomaniaStefano Marino, University of Molise, ItalySubbu Kumarappan, Ohio State ATI, United StatesSubhash Chand, Central Agricultural Research Institute CARI Port Blair, IndiaTenaw Workayehu, Hawassa Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Ethiopia
Tourism constraints for Spanish tourists with disabilities: Scale development and validation
Authors: Gassiot Ariadna , Prats Lluís , Coromina Lluís
Published: January 2018

In Spain, more than 2.5 million people live with some form of disability (Imserso, 2014). Tourism constraints are defined as factors influencing travel participation and behaviour, and can be divided into three categories: intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural. The aim of this exploratory study is to develop and validate a measurement scale for each of these types of tourism constraints faced by 248 Spanish tourists with disabilities. The results show that intrapersonal constraints are due to three factors: lack of knowledge, health-related problems, and physical and psychological dependency. Interpersonal constraints are divided into two factors: skill-challenge incongruities and communication. Structural constraints are classified into four factors: information and communication, cost and attendant, socio-spatial, and attitudinal. Taking into consideration the importance of this market segment both in Spain and all over the world, this study provides tourism destinations with a quantitative tool for evaluating the barriers tourists with special access needs may encounter at a destination.
Spread Page approach to Business Process Management
Authors: Waszkowski Robert , Kasprzyk Rafał , Tarnawski Tomasz
Published: January 2018

Recently, we have observed a slow departure from printed texts towards electronic publications. Such content may be presented in many ways, including time-dependent 3D representation, aspect representation, layer representation and multi-resolution representation. Spread Page Initiative refers to the development of notation and tools for knowledge representation in a modern manner not limited by using the traditional paper-oriented technique. The article describes the Spread Page approach to the modeling of business processes. The authors consider a possibility of using new ways of knowledge representation to ensure accurate and more precise modeling of business processes.
Aspiration of cataract in 1815 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Authors: Leffler Christopher
Published: January 2018

We present and discuss the previously unrecognized evidence for the possible introduction of cataract extraction by aspiration into modern Western medicine on March 26, 1815, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by surgeon Philip Syng Physick. On this date, he successfully extracted a cataract by suction through a tube, according to newspaper reports written by the patient, an attorney who sought a patent on the suction device. Aspects of the patient’s account are confirmed by supporting evidence from the medical community and by a cataract instrument set attributed to Physick, which includes a cannula attached to a syringe. The evidence suggests that Physick was the first to reintroduce cataract aspiration to Western medicine.
A 15-year-old-boy with an optic neuropathy
Authors: Lazar David B. , Hariri Adham B.
Published: January 2018

A 15-year-old boy with no past medical or ophthalmic history presented at the Ochsner Hospital and Medical Center, New Orleans, 3 days after having been accidentally shot in his left temple with an air gun from distance of approximately 1 foot. The pellet lodged in his posterior left orbit. On examination in the emergency department, his visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left eye.
Instrumentos de diálogo: diagramas, del objeto al sujeto
Authors: Martínez Martínez Raúl
Published: January 2018

El cambio de paradigma que suscita el paso de una sociedad industrial a una posindustrial, dominada por las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, ha llevado al arquitecto a desempeñar un nuevo rol frente a la sociedad. Esta nueva situación ha conducido a una revisión de los mecanismos convencionales de representación arquitectónica y a la aparición del diagrama como el instrumento de diseño más adecuado para resolver los nuevos retos que debe afrontar la disciplina. Una herramienta al servicio del arquitecto con capacidad de indagar por territorios inexplorados de la arquitectura y en disposición de proponer nuevas lecturas de la misma. Este artículo pone en relieve dos diferentes maneras de dialogar con el proyecto: las posturas diagramáticas que trabajan con el objeto arquitectónico per se (diagramas programáticos, diagramas contextuales, diagramas espaciales) y las posturas diagramáticas que priorizan al sujeto y la experiencia arquitectónica (diagramas experienciales).

The paradigm shift from an industrial to a postindustrial society, dominated by information and communication technologies, altered the role of the architect within society. This changed situation has led to a review of the conventional mechanisms of architectural representation and the emergence of the diagram as the most convenient design tool to solve the new challenges that the discipline must face. It is an instrument of design at the hands of the architect with the capacity to investigate the unexplored territories of architecture, and the ability to put forward new readings and interpretations of architecture. This article highlights two different ways of conversing with the project: the diagrammatic positions that work with the architectural object itself (program diagrams, contextual diagrams, spatial diagrams) and the diagrammatic positions that prioritize the subject and the architectural experience (experiential diagrams).
Double the Fun: Pairs Skating Jumps
Authors: Cheng Diana , Twillman Maura
Published: January 2018

The 2018 Winter Olympic Games will take place on February 9-25, 2018, in Pyeongchang, South Korea. One of the featured Olympic sports is figure skating. Jumps are an exciting part of singles and pairs figureskating events. View a video of the 2015 and 2016 world champion Canadian pair Meagan Duhamel and Eric Radford performing their winning free skate at the 2016 World Figure Skating Championships (their side-byside jump entry begins at 1:07 in the video): http://web.icenetwork.com/video/topic/174637818/v571390583
A Recipe for Limits and Infinity
Authors: Shelton Ryann N.
Published: January 2018

Making holiday fudge with my mother was always a real treat. One year she shared a story from her childhood: Mom would take her mom's fudge to school, one large piece. At school, she cut it in half and shared one of the resulting two pieces with a friend. That friend would share her piece with another friend in the same way: cut in half and share one of the two pieces. This sharing continued, and by the end of the day, it seemed as though everyone had enjoyed a piece of fudge.
Added Sugar Intake
Authors: Graybeal Christy Danko
Published: January 2018

The World Health Organization recommends that no more than 5 percent of a person's daily calorie intake come from added sugar. Walter, a moderately active 12-year-old boy, needs 2200 total calories per day.
Base-Ten Block Challenge
Authors: Wessman-Enzinger Nicole M. , Swartz Barbara A. , Lynch Sararose D.
Published: January 2018

Have you ever looked at your students working in groups and wondered, “How can I ensure that all of my students are involved in solving this task?” With similar concerns, we found ourselves talking about complex instruction (Featherstone et al. 2011) as a way to help facilitate equitable participation within group work for our students. This Problem Solvers Problem highlights our collaborative efforts in designing a complex instruction task, which supports all students' contributions in problem solving.
How Many Tickets?
Authors: Flynn Michael , Stark Walter
Published: January 2018

The How Many Tickets problem challenges students to consider the relationship between quantities in the problem and to use that understanding to arrive at a solution. These solutions are from the fifth-grade students in Walter Stark's class at PS 108q, the Captain Vincent G. Fowler School in South Ozone Park, New York.
Animals of the World
Authors: Boes Luke , Stath Haley , Simpson Amber
Published: January 2018

Imagine spending a night in the Amazon rain forest; scuba diving at Barracuda Point off the coast of Sipadan Island, Malaysia; or bird watching in Cape May Point State Park, New Jersey. Just think of all the different animals you would see! Animals can be an intriguing topic for students. Showing students how mathematical concepts are related to wildlife can be a great way to get them excited about problem solving and a way to pique and hold their interest.
The Secret Life of Prime Numbers
Authors: Ortiz Enrique
Published: January 2018

It's not magic. By color-coding different combinations of factors, students can learn to use this system to “guess” unknown, randomly selected integers and composites.
Two Instructional Moves to Promote Student Competence
Authors: Munson Jen
Published: January 2018

Mrs. Hobbs's fourth graders are struggling. And it is working. This year, instead of teaching the state standard on unit conversion by showing students a procedure to follow, Hobbs asked her students to work in groups to develop a method. She is excited to promote more reasoning, problem solving, and use of varied solution pathways, in line with the NCTM's Principles to Actions: Ensuring Mathematical Success for All (2014). This is worthy work. But in some moments, for some students, the struggle does not feel productive. Several students are hesitant and lack confidence. A few give up easily. Hobbs does not want to go back to telling students a procedure, but she does not want to leave them to flounder.
But What if the Goal is to Model with Mathematics?
Authors: Barlow Angela T.
Published: January 2018

odeling mathematics has a longstanding tradition in the mathematics classroom, as teachers often engage students in representing mathematical ideas. For example, students can be seen using base-ten blocks to model a number or drawing an array to represent a multiplication fact. Modeling a mathematical idea in this way, however, does not necessarily meet the expectations described in the fourth of the Common Core's Standards for Mathematical Practice (SMP 4): Model with mathematics, which states that students should “apply the mathematics they know to solve problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace” (CCSSI 2010, p. 7). Although the SMP provide a detailed description of modeling with mathematics, Bleiler-Baxter et al. (2017) found it useful to consider three decision-making processes embedded within the modeling process.
Messiness and Math
Authors: Appelgate Mollie H. , Beecher Constance
Published: January 2018

Play dough is universally loved by children. When children design their own play dough, STEM concepts and questions are integral to the activity. What happens when you mix different substances? How can we design better play dough? As children measure the ingredients (flour, water, salt, and food coloring), they also engage in the mathematics of counting scoops, adding fractions, and discussing ratios. In this lesson, children were challenged to design the highest quality play dough and determine the best recipe
The Two Faces of SLA: Mental Representation and Skill
Authors: Van Patten Bill
Published: January 2018

In this essay, I argue for viewing mental representation and skill as distinct components of language acquisition. My claim is that language is not a monolithic entity—not a new concept, but one that is often overlooked by instructors and some scholars. I examine language as being (minimally) composed of mental representation and skill. Representation refers to the abstract and implicit knowledge that underlies all language. Skill refers to the use of language, especially fluency (the intersection of speed and accuracy). By thinking about language as at least the distinction between representation and skill, we might better sort out some of the issues related to adult SLA, namely the role that instruction has, and what instruction can actually impact.
Self-directed Noticing for Defossilissation: Three Case Studies
Authors: Boettinger Frances , Park Junghye , Timmis Ivor
Published: January 2018

This article discusses three case studies where researchers addressed specific aspects of their second language use which they perceived to be fossilised. The first case deals with a Korean researcher’s perceived lack of progress in speaking skills in English, particularly in active vocabulary; the second case looks at an English researcher’s problem with gender assignment and adjective agreement in German, while the third case looks at an English researcher’s difficulties with French pronunciation. Each researcher devised a treatment for his/her particular problem independently and applied the treatment, for the most part, autonomously. We argue that this kind of approach has the potential to lead to defossilisation but, more importantly, we argue that it is an invaluable way of raising awareness of the range of cognitive and affective strategies that are available to the learner, and the importance of metacognitive knowledge and strategies in deploying these resources to best effect.
Effects of Explicit Instruction on Incidental Noticing of Metaphorical Word Sequences during a Subsequent Reading Task
Authors: Mark Mueller Charles
Published: January 2018

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether explicit instruction focusing on metaphorical collocations would promote the incidental noticing of similar phrases by English learners during a subsequent reading task. Noticing was operationalized using the remember-know protocol and learning was measured on a fill-in-the-blanks test. In Experiment 1 (N = 36), within-subjects comparisons showed that explicit instruction led to more incidents of noticing (p < .001). Experiment 2 (N = 24) sought to extend the findings by examining whether self-referential questions during instruction would lead to greater noticing compared to depersonalized questions. Experiment 2 confirmed the first experiment’s finding of effects of explicit instruction on noticing, but failed to show significant effects for self-referential prompts on subsequent noticing, although such prompts did lead learners to produce higher word counts during the writing task. The two experiments suggest that explicit instruction promotes incidental noticing of important semantic contrasts in subsequent input.
The Differential Effect of Two Types of Direct Written Corrective Feedback on Noticing and Uptake: Reformulation vs. Error Correction
Authors: Santos María , López Serrano Sonia , Manchón Rosa M.
Published: January 2018

Framed in a cognitively-oriented strand of research on corrective feedback (CF) in SLA, the controlled three- stage (composition/comparison-noticing/revision) study reported in this paper investigated the effects of two forms of direct CF (error correction and reformulation) on noticing and uptake, as evidenced in the written output produced by a group of 8 secondary school EFL learners. Noticing was operationalized as the amount of corrections noticed in the comparison stage of the writing task, whereas uptake was operationally defined as the type and amount of accurate revisions incorporated in the participants’ revised versions of their original texts. Results support previous research findings on the positive effects of written CF on noticing and uptake, with a clear advantage of error correction over reformulation as far as uptake was concerned. Data also point to the existence of individual differences in the way EFL learners process and make use of CF in their writing. These findings are discussed from the perspective of the light they shed on the learning potential of CF in instructed SLA, and suggestions for future research are put forward.
Written Corrective Feedback: The Practitioners’ Perspective
Authors: Evans Norman W. , Hartshorn K. James , Allen Tuioti Emily
Published: January 2018

Considerable attention has been given to written corrective feedback (WCF) in second language writing (L2) over the past several decades. One of the central questions has focused on the appropriateness of its use in L2 writing. In these academic discussions, scholars frequently describe how WCF is utilized in the classroom. However, many of these claims of teacher practice have no research base, since few studies have actually asked teachers what place WCF has in their writing classroom (Ferris, et al., in press/2011a; Ferris, et al., in press/2011b; Hyland, 2003; Lee, 2004). This paucity of data from teachers about their WCF practices is problematic. Understanding teacher perspectives on corrective feedback is integral to our understanding the place of WCF in L2 writing pedagogy. Accordingly, this article reports on a study that asks two fundamental research questions: (a) To what extent do current L2 writing teachers provide WCF? and (b) What determines whether or not practitioners choose to provide WCF? These questions were answered by means of an international survey completed by 1,053 L2 writing practitioners in 69 different countries. Results suggest that WCF is commonly practiced in L2 pedagogy by experienced and well-educated L2 practitioners for sound pedagogical reasons.
Cracking the Code of Press Headlines: From Difficulty to Opportunity for the Foreign Language Learner
Authors: White Michael
Published: January 2018

While press materials, are widely used both as an ESP materials resource and as a research source by ESP practitioners, press headlines in English confront the Non Native Speaker (NNS) and to some extent the Native Speaker (NS) with a notorious paradox: headlines are crafted to raise communication potential and yet, rather than communicate, they often perplex the reader. This may be devastating for motivation on the part of the English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) student where even those at advanced level suffer frustration on failing to cope with headlines. The main arguments of this article are that headline perplexity is generated by the very communicatively driven strategies used in their configurations, that these strategies form patterns and that these patterns can be singled out and analysed in such a way as to enable the student to crack the code and thereby turn a liability into an asset, a stumbling block into a stepping stone.
Evaluation in English-Medium Medical Book Reviews
Authors: Alcaraz Ariza María Ángeles
Published: January 2018

The aim of this paper is twofold: 1) to identify the evaluative speech acts, either positive or negative, contained in a corpus of 30 English-written medical book reviews published in The British Medical Journal in the period 2000-2009; 2) to analyze the linguistic-rhetorical strategies used to convey this evaluation. Our main results illustrate that various mitigating strategies are used not only to soften criticism, but also to help maintain social harmony and solidarity with the reviewees. Moreover, negative evaluation is on many occasions voiced at aspects outside the book reviewed, which would mean that apart from showing their expertise in the field tackled, book reviewers also want to discuss certain issues of their concern and to put forward their cultural background.
Exploring atypical verb+noun combinations in learner technical writing
Authors: Luzón Marco María José
Published: January 2018

Professional and academic discourse is characterised by a specific phraseology, which usually poses problems for students. This paper investigates atypical verb+noun collocations in a corpus of English technical writing of Spanish students. I focus on the type of verbs that most frequently occurred in these awkward or questionable combinations and attempt to explore the reasons why the learners deviate from NS's norms. The analysis indicates that these learners tend to have problems with a set of sub-technical and high-frequency verbs. Deviant combinations involving these verbs are frequently the result of a deficient knowledge of the phraseology of academic and technical discourse. The unawareness of collocations that are typical of this discourse often leads students to create V+N combinations by relying on the “Open Choice Principle” (Sinclair, 1991) or by using patterns from their mother tongue.
When discourse matches syntax: On meta-informative centering theory and discourse coherence in the recent history of English
Authors: Martínez Insua Ana Elina
Published: January 2018

This paper is concerned with how there-constructions may have helped to achieve discourse coherence in the recent history of English. From the theoretical framework of Meta-Informative Centering Theory (MIC) the paper explores the possibility to establish a relation between the syntactic structures under analysis and the distinction between 'smooth-shift' and 'rough-shift' transitions from one centre of attention to another (Brennan, Friedman & Pollard, 1987). This will help, ultimately, to investigate the interaction between centering and MIC theories, word order and information structure in a 'non-free' word order language such as English. A corpus- driven analysis of the behaviour of spoken and written there-constructions from late Middle English to Present Day English will show their capacity to function either as highly coherent structures that continue with the same local topic as the previous utterance(s), or as means to shift the local focus of attention.
Vocative and diminutive forms in Robert Louis Stevenson’s fiction: A corpus-based study
Authors: Dossena Marina
Published: January 2018

This paper takes a corpus-based approach to the study of vocative and diminutive forms in the prose fiction and drama of the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson. In such texts, the coexistence, and indeed the coalescence, of Scots and (Scottish Standard) English is one of the most important traits in their author’s distinctive style. The aim is to assess whether the use of diminutive forms together with vocative ones may constitute a syntactic unit in which semantic and pragmatic values are mutually reinforced. In addition to a specially-compiled corpus of Stevenson’s texts, the investigation will consider occurrences of the same structure in the imaginative prose section of the Corpus of Modern Scottish Writing, which will be used as a control corpus.