bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equal status, but unequal perceptions: language conflict in the bilingual city of Biel/Bienne
Authors: Elmiger Daniel
Published: August 2015

The city of Biel/Bienne is often cited as a model of a non-conflicting cohabitation between two language groups with a similar status: German (i.e. in a diglossic situation: Standard German and Swiss German dialects) and French both benefit from explicit political promotion and legal protection. In a qualitative study conducted in the city of Biel/Bienne, most of the 40 interviewees talking about their lives in this bilingual city confirm this consensual view of linguistic cohabitation. However, the apparent balance between both communities is challenged on different levels, including the relationship between language communities according to their respective minority and majority status, the status and the visibility of both languages in the public sphere, the conflicting loyalties of bilingual citizens, the use or avoidance of a language in certain contexts or the choice of a common language in (potentially) bilingual interactions. The results of the analysis reveal divergent – and potentially conflicting – perceptions regarding urban bilingualism: although most of the interviewees appreciate the linguistic cohabitation in Biel/Bienne, many of them refer to various zones of language conflict which they suffer from or which they allot to the other speech community.
Changements urbains et conflits sociolinguistiques: l’impact de la gentrification sur le français de Marseille
Authors: Gasquet-Cyrus Médéric
Published: August 2015

As France’s second largest town and the European Capital of Culture in 2013, Marseille is well-known for what is considered the most famous accent in the country, the so-called “Marseille (working-class) accent”, prototype of the “Southern” or “Provençal” accent and often opposed to a more affected or stiff “Parisian” accent (

Combining urban sociolinguistics (Calvet
Endoscopy Analysis for the Peristaltic Flow of Nanofluids Containing Carbon Nanotubes with Heat Transfer
Authors: Akbar Noreen Sher
Published: August 2015

Cu–water nanofluid with carbon nanotubes is considered for the peristaltic flow in an endoscope. The peristaltic flow for nanofluid is modelled considering that the peristaltic rush wave is a sinusoidal wave that propagates along the walls of the tube. The governing equations for the proposed model are simplified by using the assumptions of long-wavelength and low Reynolds number. Exact solutions have been evaluated for velocity, temperature, and pressure gradient. Graphical results for the numerical values of the flow parameters, i.e. Hartmann number M, the solid volume fraction ϕ of the nanoparticles, Grashof number Gr, heat absorption parameter β, and radius of the inner tube ε, have been presented for the pressure difference, frictional forces, velocity profile, and temperature profile, and trapping phenomena have been discussed at the end of the article.
The Application of Electronic Video Techniques to Infrared and Ultraviolet Examinations
Authors: Richards GB
Published: August 2015

Ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) radiation are used by most document examiners in the detection of alterations, erasures, substitutions, and secret writings; in the deciphering of charred or ancient documents; and in the viewing of obliterated text. The basic instrument used in conducting examinations of this sort is either the camera and photographic process or the electronic conversion tube. Most commercial equipment using these techniques has not been designed primarily for document examination but in most cases has been engineered for another purpose and then accommodated to document work. The purpose of the research reported in this paper was to use present-day technology to develop a system whereby the document examiner can conveniently take one, or, if desired, a hundred and one, questioned specimens and within a relatively short period of time observe the effects thereon of UV and IR radiation. To clarify the techniques used in this study, a few basic definitions and descriptions are being set forth.
A Comparison of Decomposition Products from Selected Burned Materials with Common Arson Accelerants
Authors: Clodfelter RW , Hueske EE
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the burning of certain building materials could produce products that could be confused with gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, or jet fuel. The subject of laboratory investigation of arson has been treated elsewhere in the literature [1], as have specific procedures for residue isolation [2–4] and identification [2,4,5]. A study of the amounts of hydrocarbons which may be obtained from charred materials has been made [6].
Rifle Wounds from High Velocity, Center-Fire Hunting Ammunition
Authors: DiMaio VJM , Zumwalt RE
Published: August 2015

Wounds from high velocity, center-fire rifles are relatively uncommon. Such wounds are markedly different from those caused by handguns or .22 rim-fire rifles. Injuries from pistol or .22 rim-fire rifle bullets are confined to tissue and organs directly in the wound track. In contrast, high velocity rifle bullets can injure structures without actually contacting them. Discussion of rifle wounds in the medical literature is concerned almost exclusively with injuries from military ammunition [1–3]. Wounds encountered by medical examiners, however, almost always involve hunting ammunition, whose design and construction is radically different from that of military ammunition. Because of these differences, the wounds produced by hunting ammunition are much more devastating.
The Use of Panoramic Radiographs for Comparisons in Cases of Identification
Authors: Schwartz S , Woolridge ED
Published: August 2015

The specific aim of this project was to determine the value of panoramic radiographs in cases of identification through a series of double blind comparisons and to formulate a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of such interpretation. The study was conducted from a forensic approach through the use of all means of comparison of simulated “antemortem” to “postmortem” panoramic radiographs. These various means of comparison consisted of dental restorations (size, shape, location, and various materials), tooth morphology, anatomical landmarks, maxillary sinus configuration, foramina (mental, posterior palatine, mandibular, and incisive), bony trabeculation patterns, condylar morphology, mandibular canal morphology and location, morphology of the lower border of the mandible, third molar root formation, apical calcification, path of eruption evaluated through time intervals, hard tissue healing in old extraction sites, endodontically treated teeth, prostheses, malposed teeth, fixed orthodontic appliances, caries, coronal fractures, bone loss interpretation, and attrition.
Postmortem Stability of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase
Authors: Standefer JC , Street EW
Published: August 2015

Elevated prostatic acid phosphatase activities in samples collected from the vaginal area are commonly accepted as presumptive evidence for the presence of seminal fluid, and this enzyme activity has been used extensively as medicolegal evidence of carnal knowledge. The forensic significance of the acid phosphatase determination has increased as the number of vasectomized males has increased, since a positive acid phosphatase assay may be the only indication of the presence of seminal fluid when sperm are absent. If the acid phosphatase determination can contribute significantly to a forensic investigation of rape/murder cases it is imperative that the investigator make an accurate interpretation of the enzyme assay. The accuracy of this interpretation is in part related to the postmortem stability of acid phosphatase, both in situ and during specimen storage.
The Use and Abuse of the Rape Treatment Center
Authors: Schiff AF
Published: August 2015

From its inception in March 1956 until 1 Feb. 1974, the Dade County Medical Examiner's Office by statute [1] was charged with the medical investigation of all sex crimes, including rape, sodomy, and “any criminal sex offenses.” A system set up for this purpose, although slightly disorganized, became operational and appeared to function fairly well. The medical examiner's office performed three functions: managing a telephone answering and calling service for the various doctors on the panel, acting as a fiscal agent for the doctors in submitting their monthly bills to the proper county office, and serving as a central repository for the official reports. Office personnel, although regarding the unit as contrary to the usual functions of medicolegal death investigations, fulfilled their responsibilities.
The Use of Penile Plethysmography in a Medicolegal Evaluation
Authors: Rosen RC
Published: August 2015

Since the pioneering research of Masters and Johnson [1], it has been widely recognized that sexual arousal in the human male and female is associated with a clear pattern of physiological changes. During the first part of the sexual response cycle both men and women demonstrate a vasocongestive reaction in the genital organs. In the healthy adult male a penile erection is caused by the vascular engorgement of the spongy corpora of the penis [2]. In fact, the penis contains three cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue: the corpora cavernosa are the two dorsal cylinders, and the corpus spongiosum is the ventral cylinder through which passes the urethra. Each of these cylinders is composed of many small compartments separated by bands of smooth-muscle tissue. The arterioles supplying blood to these tissues are derived from the internal pudendal artery. Contractions of the muscles at the base of the penis appear to play a minimal role in the normal process of erection.
Questioned Documents and the Law: Handwriting Evidence in the Federal Court System
Authors: Costain JE
Published: August 2015

It is probably wise to define at the outset exactly what material this paper intends to discuss and, perhaps more importantly, what it will not discuss. At the very least, this practice should save the time of readers who already know (or don't care about) what is offered, and of those who search for information which is absent here. This paper does cover the origins, development, and present status of handwriting evidence in courts of the United States. What is not discussed includes the historical English precedents (except insofar as the English common law doctrines were adopted and explicated in U.S. court decisions), nor is there any discussion of developments in courts of the various states, nor is there any specific discussion of questioned document problems other than handwriting. These are all deserving topics, and let us hope they will be subjects of future research, but for now the topic will be limited strictly to the law of handwriting evidence applicable in the federal court system. Historical discussions, collections of citations, and surveys can be found in Refs 1 through 5.
The Electroconvulsive Therapy Fight in California
Authors: Moore RA
Published: August 2015

In the summer of 1974, California psychiatrists were enjoying the wisdom of living there at that time of year and taking their vacations up in the mountains, secure in their belief that their collective interests were not under immediate threat, but if they were, somebody would be protecting them. Thus ended an age of innocence.
A Review of Dental Identification and Forensic Odontology
Authors: Campbell HR
Published: August 2015

Warren Harvey, with the aid of his contributors, has accomplished a monumental task in assembling this comprehensive work on forensic odontology.
Detection of Gunshot Residues on Hands by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Andrasko J , Maehly AC
Published: August 2015

Several methods have been developed by law enforcement agencies for determining whether or not an individual has recently handled or discharged a weapon. When a suspect has been apprehended following a shooting, detection of gunshot residues on his hands may provide significant evidence. The value of such a test is substantial in the investigation of alleged suicides, armed assaults, poaching, and other violations involving the use of firearms.
Application of Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy in Fire Investigation
Authors: Covey EL
Published: August 2015

The classic examination of arson-related evidence in the forensic science laboratory strives to identify the particular accelerant employed by the perpetrator. Very often this is not possible because of the complete combustion of that accelerant, loss of the unburned accelerant because of evaporation, or loss in the mechanics of extinguishing the fire.
Dynamite Contamination of Blasting Cap Leg Wire Insulation
Authors: Washington WD , Midkiff CR , Snow KB
Published: August 2015

Infrared absorption spectrophotometry with a diamond cell sample holder is routinely employed in our laboratory for the examination of plastic wire insulation. The determination of the type of polymer used as insulation on electric blasting cap leg wire allows the manufacturer of the cap to be identified [1].
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Simulated Arson Residue Using Gasoline as an Accelerant
Authors: Mach MH
Published: August 2015

Because gasoline is the most common accelerant used in arson [1], the forensic scientist would like to be able to determine whether or not fire residues contain traces of gasoline. This is a difficult analytical problem since (1) gasoline is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and special purpose additives and its composition varies unpredictably by brand and refinery runs, and (2) the changes in gasoline composition during the vagaries of a fire are not easy to predict.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Cyanide in Biological Materials
Authors: Pranitis PAF , Stolman A
Published: August 2015

The analytical methods currently used for the determination of cyanide in biological materials are the aeration method with the Prussian blue (ferricyanide) reaction [1] and some microdiffusion methods [2,3]. The methods are dependent on color reactions, the procedures are either time-consuming or cumbersome, and the results are of questionable accuracy. A method using the ultraviolet light absorption characteristics of a cyanonickelate complex was developed by Scoggins [4] for the accurate identification and quantitation of cyanide in aqueous solution. This method was found to be readily adaptable for the determination of cyanide in biofluids and tissues. The resulting cyanide-nickel complex which formed rapidly was found to be stable and could be quantitated readily. This paper presents a method to detect cyanide in biological materials by a spectrophotometric procedure.
A Review of State Trial Courts as Bureaucracies: A Study in Judicial Management
Authors: Slovenko R
Published: August 2015

It is an old story: the courts are behind in their work. What is wrong? A problem of management? This book opens with a passage from an address by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger of the United States Supreme Court delivered a few years ago at the annual meeting of the American Bar Association: “[T]oday, in the final third of this century, we are still trying to operate the courts with fundamentally the same basic methods, the same procedures and the same machinery that Roscoe Pound said were not good enough in 1906. In the supermarket age we are with few exceptions operating the courts with cracker-barrel, corner-grocer methods and equipment, vintage 1900. … More money and more judges alone is not the primary solution to the problem of the courts. Some of what is wrong is due to the failure to apply the techniques of modern business to the purely mechanical operation of the court—of modern record keeping and systems planning for handling the movement of the cases. Some is also due to antiquated and rigid procedures Which not only permit delay but encourage it.”
Postmortem Dating of Putrefied Material Through Ptomaine Estimation
Authors: Bonte W , Bleifuss J
Published: August 2015

Ptomaines, also known as putrefactive bases, are microbiological degradation products of postmortem protein catabolism and have caused much concern for forensic toxicologists for more than 100 years [1,2]. In 1885 Brieger [3] noted, in a review of the considerable volume of literature that existed even then, “that no facet of medical research, even extending into the present day, is so confused and devoid of actual results, as the field of the so-called putrefaction or cadaveric alkaloids.” (The term ptomaine originates from Selmi [4] who, through the Stass-Otto method, succeeded in isolating from cadaveric material noncrystalline products that could be confused with morphine, codeine, and atropine in their reactions and effects.) Brieger's major contribution was to deviate from the standard practice of establishing such cadaveric alkaloids through experiments with aminals and chemical reactions by demonstrating the chemical individuality of the body and investigating its composition [3]. He succeeded in identifying (besides neurine, muscarine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, and diethylamine) two diamines that he named “cadaverine” and “putrescine” that were then unknown to chemistry. Cadaverine was identified as pentylethyldiamine and putrescine was supposed to be a dimethylated ethyldiamine.
Human Body Buoyancy: A Study of 98 Men
Authors: Donoghue ER , Minnigerode SC
Published: August 2015

Can any conclusions regarding cause of death be drawn from whether a body floats or sinks in water? In 1699 a famous British murder trial was precipitated by the discovery of a young woman's body floating on the surface of a millpond very soon after death. The townspeople could not reconcile this circumstance with anything but foul play, and four lawyers were charged with her murder. Among the evidence presented was the testimony of a sailor who recounted that at the naval battle of Beachy Head the men who were shot and fell overboard floated, while those who were drowned immediately sank [1].
A Review of William Adamson White: The Washington Years 1903–1937
Authors: Tanay E
Published: August 2015

This book, published by the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1976 (no price given), is a collection of papers written primarily by distinguished psychiatrists discussing Dr. White's contributions to psychiatry.
The Cocaine Diastereoisomers
Authors: Allen AC , Cooper DA , Kiser WO , Cottreli RC
Published: August 2015

In the past, it has been argued in court, from a theoretical basis, that the techniques available to the forensic chemist would differentiate the “cocaines.” This work has moved that argument from the realm of the theoretical into that of experimental fact. The techniques of infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) will unequivocally identify the racemic cocaine diastereoisomer. In addition, this work shows that the enantiomeric form of cocaine can be assigned by crystal tests, IR, and melting point techniques. The pure enantiomers of allococaine and pseudoallococaine were not isolated. This does not create a problem because the techniques of NMR and MS, as performed in this study, will not differentiate enantiomers. Therefore, the logical sequence of first identifying the diastereoisomer (via IR, MNR, or MS) and then determining the chirality by crystal tests, IR, melting points, or optical rotation measurements is valid.
Identification of a Foreign Body Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis
Authors: Gettleman L , Carr RF , Herschaft EE
Published: August 2015

A foreign object, presumably swallowed during a dental appointment, was recovered by using an esophagoscope and thought to be a piece of dental impression material, probably alginate. It was identified as being of nondental origin by means of visible light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the latter coupled to an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. Histologic examination revealed some amorphous crystalline material surrounded by parakeratin and exfoliated squamous cells. The material was essentially radiolucent. A known dental alginate impression material contained diatomaceous earth filler (siliceous shells of diatoms), but no microscopic symmetrical figures were seen in the foreign body. After dehydration, both materials were carbon-coated and observed in an SEM at 20 kV at magnifications up to 2000X. The spectrum of secondary X-rays produced by the scanning electron beam revealed only magnesium in the foreign body and mostly silicon in the dental alginate. There are no known dental products that contain magnesium as the only inorganic ingredient and so the foreign body is believed to be not of dental origin. The patient may have had an antacid or laxative having magnesium as a major ingredient in the stomach, and this may have been refluxed from the stomach after stimulation of the normal gag reflex during the dental procedure.
The Responsibilities of the State for the Prevention and Treatment of Mental Illness among Prisoners
Authors: Leuchter AF
Published: August 2015

There is mounting evidence that severe stress may produce profound psychophysiologic disturbances that can persist for many years. Imprisonment may be viewed as one such stress. The prison population has a high baseline incidence of mental illness, reflecting the societal groups from which most prisoners are drawn. The great stress of imprisonment may thus be a significant factor in the exacerbation of existing psychoses or in the precipitation of first psychotic episodes in certain prisoners. The responsibilities of the state in the prevention and treatment of mental illness among prisoners are not clear. United States Supreme Court rulings on sentencing procedures could be interpreted as requiring psychiatric evaluations of all prisoners. Furthermore, court rulings on the adequacy of medical care in prisons could be construed as requiring therapy for all prisoners suffering from major mental illnesses. Failure of the state to take reasonable steps to prevent and treat mental illness in the prison population may constitute cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution.
Phenotyping of Carbonic Anhydrase II in Fresh Blood and Bloodstains on Cellulose Acetate Membranes
Authors: Andrus RH
Published: August 2015

A simple and rapid procedure is presented for the identification of carbonic anhydrase II in fresh blood and bloodstains using cellulose acetate membranes. Identification of the phenotypes is simplified by the migration of the isozyme bands to one side and away from the origin.
A Review of Forensic Toxicology for the Law Enforcement Officer
Authors: Blanke RV
Published: August 2015

Currently there is a lack of good texts appropriate for training in the area of forensic toxicology. It is particularly difficult to find teaching materials for the non-scientifically oriented individual. The title of this book suggests that this gap might be filled. Unfortunately, it misses the mark widely.
Characteristics of Silenced Firearms and Their Wounding Effects
Authors: Menzies RC , Scroggie RJ , Labowitz DI
Published: August 2015

The rate of seizure of illegally held silenced handguns has risen dramatically in recent years. Despite this, there are apparently no reports of wounds caused by these weapons. The efficiency, in terms of noise reduction, of silenced handguns is largely determined by construction, and homemade weapons are frequently more efficient than their commercially manufactured counterparts. Wounds are likely to be inflicted at either contact or close range. Muzzle imprints are erythematous rather than abraded and disproportionately large for the size of the wound. Close-range wounds frequently exhibit atypical entrances. Examination of wound edges by energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays may demonstrate the presence of unusual elements, sometimes associated with components of the silencer. Also, inspection of recovered bullets with the naked eye may reveal damage indicative of modifications to the barrel or misalignment of the device. With these criteria it should be possible in many cases to support or refute the suggestion that a silenced weapon had been used to inflict a given wound.
Analysis of Brass by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Authors: Rendle DF
Published: August 2015

X-ray powder diffraction provides useful discrimination between brass specimens that occur as contact traces. Phases are identified and under favorable circumstances may be quantified. The copper/zinc ratio within a single-phase brass can be estimated with ease to ±1%.
The Evidential Value of Peptidase A as a Semen Typing System
Authors: Parkin BH
Published: August 2015

Human erythrocyte peptidase A (Pep A) displays a genetic polymorphism in blacks. Its occurrence in human semen was examined for its possible use as a semen typing system. Studies by starch gel electrophoresis, in which the Pep A was located by an improved method, were carried out on semen, semen stains, and vaginal swabs taken at known times after intercourse. In addition, a large number of vaginal swabs, negative for semen, were taken from females throughout their menstrual cycles and examined for Pep A activity. The results indicated that Pep A typing could be carried out on semen and semen stains. However, it was possible to determine the Pep A type on vaginal swabs only when they had been taken within about 3 h after intercourse.
A Study of Criminal Defendants Referred for Multiple Psychiatric Examinations regarding Their Competency to Stand Trial
Authors: Bluestone H , Melella J , Buskin D
Published: August 2015

One of the mainstays of forensic psychiatry has been the determination of a defendant's competency to stand trial. Competency to stand trial is based on the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that a defendant must have sufficient ability to understand court proceedings. Regardless of whether or not the defendant was mentally ill at the time a crime was committed or when charged, the court can try someone only if that person has the capacity to understand proceedings in order to defend himself. When there is any question as to the competency of the defendant, he is referred for psychiatric evaluation of competency. Very little research has been undertaken in the past to examine this clinically interesting group of subjects. A study was conducted to explore the characteristics of 137 defendants who had been charged and referred for evaluation at least twice to the Court Clinic of the Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center Department of Psychiatry. It was expected that these would reflect the consequence of deinstitutionalization in New York State. Data were collected for each evaluation with regard to demographic characteristics, criminal history, and psychiatric history. Results are presented and discussed in light of the issue of deinstitutionalization. Note is made of the fact that only very small percentage of these patients have received outpatient psychiatric care. Suggestions for future research are offered.
Modeling of Vehicular Accidents
Authors: Christopher RA , Feder KR
Published: August 2015

The accurate modeling of motor vehicle accidents is theoretically possible and practical. Through modeling, actual collisions can be reconstructed and reenacted numerous times and at nominal expense. Methods of presentation include: (1) multi-image stroboscopy, (2) high speed cinematography, and (3) actual demonstration of the accident in the courtroom. Two methods for modeling the actual damage to the cars are discussed. This approach to accident reconstruction should eliminate many lawsuits, because both plaintiff and defendant can observe a reenactment of a crash, and will further reduce the chances of erroneous judgment.
New Concepts About Hair Identification Revealed by Electron Microscope Studies
Authors: Clement J-L , Hagege R , Le Pareux A , Connet J , Gastaldi G
Published: August 2015

Current methods of hair identification are based on differential characteristics of the medulla observed with the light microscope. In this study, we propose a new method based on electron microscope observation of the medullary ultrastructure. Our studies revealed numerous new anatomical characteristics of the medulla, and a modern classification for mammalian hair identification was established.
Current Evidence for the Existence of Laryngeal Macrotremor and Microtremor
Authors: Shipp T , Izdebski K
Published: August 2015

To test for the existence of laryngeal “microtremors” two experiments were conducted on humans. The first analyzed the acoustic characteristics of observable tremors (macrotremors) in the voice of singers using vocal vibrato and in pathologic subjects producing vocal tremor. In both of these groups acoustic oscillations between 4 and 8 Hz were found. The second study, using a normal subject, sampled electromyographic (EMG) activity from laryngeal and arm muscles during isometric contraction to determine if a periodic component (microtremor) was present in either muscle's contraction pattern. A 9-Hz signal was detected in limb muscle contraction, whereas no periodicity was found in signals from laryngeal muscles. The application of these findings to the theory behind voice “stress” analyzers is discussed.
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography of Automobile Rubber Bumper Guard Samples
Authors: Blackledge RD
Published: August 2015

A piece from an automobile rubber bumper guard was found at the scene of a hit-and-run accident and was compared to a sample obtained from the front bumper guard of a suspect's vehicle. The samples were examined by the pyrolysis method of Chih-An Hu, which provides both a chromatogram of the volatile components and a pyrogram of the nonvolatile polymeric component.
Sudden Unexpected Death Due to Asymptomatic Cardiac Rhabdomyoma
Authors: Violette EJ , Hardin NJ , McQuillen EN
Published: August 2015

A case of cardiac rhabdomyoma producing sudden unexpected death in an asymptomatic six-year-old boy is reported. Cardiac rhabdomyoma is a rare tumor, and its ability to cause sudden unexpected death in children beyond infancy is not generally known. The great majority of afflicted patients die in early infancy; few survive beyond five years of age. The signs and symptoms present in most cases are said to be due to interference of intracardiac blood flow or to interruption of the cardiac conduction system. Numerous cases have been clinically misdiagnosed because of this tumor's ability to mimic other cardiac diseases.
The Trapping, Storing, and Subsequent Analysis of Ethanol in In-Vitro Samples Previously Analyzed by a Nondestructive Technique
Authors: Wilkinson DR , Sockrider DW , Bartsch CL , Kataoka YG , Zettle JR
Published: August 2015

There is a need for a simple technique to collect breath samples of persons suspected of driving under the influence of alcohol. Solutions containing ethanol were analyzed using dichromate oxidation procedures. The standard solutions were placed in a breath alcohol simulator at 34°C and the vapors analyzed with a CMI Intoxilyzer, Model 4011AS, with one-way valves placed at either end to prevent air entering the outlet or leaving through the inlet. The analyzed 715-mL vapor sample was then pumped through an activated silica gel column. The trapped alcohol was removed from the column with water, and the resulting solution was analyzed by dichromate oxidation, liquid injection, and headspace gas chromatographic procedures. A very good linear relationship between concentration and peak height ratio was obtained by gas chromatography. The slope of the graph was used to calculate the percentage of blood alcohol for breath samples previously analyzed by the Intoxilyzer. The average deviation from the correct alcohol value was ±5%. Samples were collected, stored, and analyzed after 15, 90, and 120 days with no apparent loss of alcohol. The three methods of analyzing the trapped alcohol were compared. Over 100 trapped samples were collected in the field and analyzed, and the laboratory analyses were compared with the breath analyzer printouts.
Estimation of Stature from the Vertebral Column in American Blacks
Authors: Tibbetts GL
Published: August 2015

Linear regression analysis was applied to data from 100 male and 100 female skeletons of American blacks from the Terry Anatomical Collection. To develop regression formulas for the estimation of stature using the vertebral column and portions thereof, the vertebral column was divided into contiguous sections containing from 1 to 23 vertebrae (C2 through L5). These bone-groups produced correlation coefficients ranging from 0.18 to 0.64, and the resulting regression formulas had standard errors ranging from 53.09 to 68.33 mm. The study shows that the vertebral column can be an aid in the estimation of stature, but the estimations are not as accurate as those made from the lengths of the long bones. Comparisons were made between the vertebral column proportions found in this study and those found by Fully and Pineau using white European males. Consideration was also given to the proper method for estimating stature when the vertebral column contains less than or more than the normal number of vertebrae.
Behind Rising East Asian Maritime Tensions with China
Authors: Lin Chong-Pin
Published: August 2015

Rising East Asian maritime tensions between China and its neighbors since 2009 without military conflict are explained by compelling factors including China’s assertiveness, the expanding US regional presence, territorial defiance by China’s neighbors, and restraining factors including Beijing’s “struggle without breaking” policy guideline, the US accommodation school, and neighbors’ hedging strategy.
Japan’s Approach to Maritime Security in the South China Sea
Authors: Midford Paul
Published: August 2015

This article addresses Japan’s role in maritime security in the South China Sea. It identifies Tokyo’s three main policy tools: regional multilateralism, ODA, and JCG aid to littoral states in the form of equipment and capacity building. Barring a major external shock Tokyo will continue playing a more active but low-key role.
Dora Sečić, Kraljevska sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu. Razvoj i djelovanje srednjoeuropske knjižnice od 1874. do 1918. Lokve: Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica — Benja, 2007.
Authors: Stančić Nikša
Published: August 2015

Monografija dr. sc. Dore Sečić posvećena je Kraljevskoj sveučilišnoj knjižnici u Zagrebu u razdoblju od njezina osnivanja 1874. do kraja Prvoga svjetskog rata 1918. godine. Autorica je utvrdila društvene i političke uvjete njezina osnivanja i djelovanja, objasnila njezinu specifičnu funkciju sveučilišne i istodobno nacionalne knjižnice, odredila njezin položaj u sklopu knjižnica u Austro-Ugarskoj Monarhiji, razinu uključenosti knjižničarske struke koja je u njoj razvijana u domete suvremene knjižničarske struke u svijetu i napose na srednjoeuropskom prostoru, te opisala organizaciju i djelovanje Knjižnice u obrađivanom razdoblju. Monografija započinje prikazom položaja sjeverne Hrvatske u Austro-Ugarskoj Monarhiji u uvjetima dualizma i ograničene hrvatske političke i gospodarske autonomije te upravne odvojenosti Dalmacije i Istre. Pritom je za monografiju posvećenu osnivanju i djelovanju sveučilišne knjižnice napose relevantno pitanje razvoja visokog školstva, odnosno osnivanja i djelovanja zagrebačkog sveučilišta. Prikaz stanja u znanstvenim knjižnicama i knjižničarstvu u Europi, napose u sveučilišnim knjižnicama u Austro-Ugarskoj i vodećoj Sveučilišnoj knjižnici u Beču, a zatim prikaz pruskog knjižničarstva koje je pred kraj 19. st. izradilo suvremene metode poslovanja znanstvenih knjižnica i obrade knjižne građe, referentni je okvir uz pomoć kojega je autorica mogla ocijeniti kvalitetu djelovanja novoosnovane znanstvene knjižnice koja je postala jedna od središnjih hrvatskih nacionalnih kulturnih institucija. Autorica prati organizaciju i djelovanje Kraljevske sveučilišne knjižnice od njezina osnivanja i prvobitnog smještaja na Gornjem gradu, a zatim i njezino djelovanje nakon preseljenja 1882. zajedno sa Sveučilištem u njegovu današnju zgradu pa do useljenja 1913. u novu zgradu na Marulićevu trgu, što je svaki put bilo popraćeno preustrojem knjižnice. U monografiji je napose, na osnovi dosad najvećim dijelom nekorištene građe, istraženo djelovanje prvog ravnatelja Ivana Kostrenčića, a zatim, od 1911., Velimira Deželića. Monografija donosi cjelovit, znanstveno utemeljen prikaz djelovanja današnje Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u razdoblju od njezina osnivanja 1874. do 1918. godine, njezine uloge u razvoju knjižničarske struke u Hrvatskoj i položaja u sklopu znanstvenih knjižnica na srednjoeuropskim prostorima. Monografija je istodobno, u širem smislu, prilog poznavanju procesa stvaranja hrvatskih središnjih nacionalnih kulturnih i znanstvenih institucija u sklopu modernizacijskih procesa druge polovice 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća, koji su položili institucionalnu osnovicu suvremenoj hrvatskoj kulturi i znanosti. (Nikša Stančić)
Records of canonic visitations to Zagreb Diocese as a source of information on the history of Croatian printed books
Authors: Vegh Željko
Published: August 2015

The author found inspiration for the paper in the publication of the book, Canonic Visitations to Zagreb Diocese, prepared by Andrija Lukinović. The book reveals that the visitors to the Gora Archdeaconry wrote notes and comments on parish libraries in which they included the library inventory lists (inventarium librorum). The lists are of interest for three reasons. Firstly, they provide insight into which Croatian books, inparticular those containing sermon material, were popular and, thus, more frequently appeared in the notes made during canonic visitations under inventarium librorum. Secondly, the lists of Croatian sermon books most commonly found on the shelves of parish libraries paint for us a picture of the type of audience the parish priest addressed in the sermons. Finally, if a library had a certain book in its collection it eans that we can assert that it was, in fact, printed if we have no other bibliographic information on it.The method employed to study the books mentioned in the records of canonic visitations to Zagreb Diocese is an inductive one. The titles that most frequently appeared in the inventory lists help us speculate as to the reasons why they were used by the priests and as to the make-up of the religious congregations which the sermons were addressing. he records of canonic visitations are kept in the Diocese and Kaptol Archives in Zagreb (Nadbiskupski i kaptolski arhiv u Zagrebu — NKAZ, KV) and, in the majority of cases, hey have not been published.Our research led to the conclusion that the religious audience addressed by the priest, who prepared for the sermon using the books in the parish library, was in fact better educated in the matters of religion and generally better educated than we today believe to be the case.It was not feasible for the author to single-handedly examine and research all records of canonic visitations to all archdeaconries in Zagreb Diocese, as this would require a teamwork effort.The practical value of the study of library inventories that visitors recorded on their pilgrimages to the parishes in Zagreb Diocese is in the discovery of how the works of certain 18th century Croatian writers were publicly received, how well the parish priests were educated, how well the population on the territory of Zagreb Diocese was educated and, finally, how influential the Catholic Church was in matters of popular education. The study also provides confirmation of some bibliographic data regarding the existence of a certain number of books for which we have not been able previously to ascertain that they had, in fact, been printed in Croatia.
Reading Societies and their Social Exclusivity
Authors: Lakuš Jelena
Published: August 2015

Reading societies, known as the gabinetto di lettura, or the casino, appeared in Dalmatia in the middle of the 18th century modelled on their Western European, North Italian and Austrian counterparts. They became centres of social and cultural life in the region. However, their number was very small in comparison with other Central and Western European countries. In spite of that, their statutes can serve a historian as very fertile and useful historical sources. First of all, they can reveal the importance given to books and reading as well as changing attitude towards reading in the course of time. They can also indicate social structure of the reading circles as well as the interaction and communication among the members. In addition, they can reveal the participation of women in social and cultural life, internal functioning of the society, etc. Based on the statutes of several reading societies of the 19th century, this work suggests several important issues. First, it shows that in the first half of the 19th century the membership of these societies was still select and prestigious, acquired by position on the social scale. In other words, reading societies were still confined to very narrow social circles of the educated. Although in Western parts of Europe the reading public became more heterogeneous and open, in Dalmatia reading still preserved its exclusive features. Second, the work also suggests that what some historians of book and reading called the ”reading revolution” or ”revolution in reading” occurred in Dalmatia much later, and even then mostly in urban areas. Some changes in reading habits occurred in the region, albeit to a limited extent and with less influence on society as a whole. Third, the work also demonstrates that from the 1840s reading acquired a new dimension, becoming open to the more social strata and gradually losing its exclusive character. The reading societies, lending libraries and other cultural institutions established in the course of the 1840s did not limit their memberships by the social parameters. The only criterion seems to have been activity work for the benefit of the nation and its education. Yet, it may be concluded that what had happened in most of Central and Western Europe in the late 18th century, occurred in Dalmatia only at the very end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. However, without an actual account of the membership of these societies and their reading habits (still missing in Croatian historiography due to a lack of information on the members and their numbers), it is difficult to give a completely accurate picture of the degree to which reading became significant in the early 19th century. Along with information on the amount of money set aside for new reading material and the increase of the library inventories (which has not yet been found), this would certainly shed new light on the importance of books and reading had in the first half of the 19th century.
Book advertisements in Osijek’s 19th century newspapers
Authors: Krtalić Maja
Published: August 2015

The paper investigates the promotion of books through advertising in the newspapers published in Osijek in the second half of the 19th century. From late 18th century and in the course of the 19th century’s intense developments in the publishing of newspapers and journals, advertising in this medium was one of the ways to promote books. Booksellers and publishers advertised books in newspaper ads, relying on the fact that newspapers had become a common and omnipresent medium for disseminating information. Book advertisements were evidence of the position of books in relation to other aspects of culture and society, of the approach to their promotion and, finally, of the importance of book promotion.In order to investigate how and how much book ads were present, and how Croatian books were promoted and reached the readership, the paper analyses daily and monthly publications, such as Esseker allgemeine illustrierte Zeitung from 1869, Die Drau from 1968 to 1877, and Branislav from 1878. Among the eleven different papers published in the second half of the 19th century in Osijek, these were selected for their content, as they were the first illustrated newspapers (Esseker allgemeine illustrierte Zeitung). The investigation focused on the influence of the newly emerged illustrated press and on the influence of the newspapers published in Croatian language (Branislav), as a possible tool for spreading and promotion of Croatian books. Another focus was on the influence of continued publication and on the growth of a steady readership (Die Drau). The papers were analysed with the aim to locate book advertisements which were then subjected to content analysis. Also provided is a brief overview of the book production and publication in Croatia and in Osijek at the time, and an overview of the emergence of newspapers in Osijek with a brief account of the titles selected for study in order to gain an insight into the context in which book ads appeared.It was found that book advertising coincided with the emergence of newspapers, with ads at first appearing only occasionally, but later, with the development and spreading of newspapers, more frequently. Book ads were not, for the most part, included in the sections reserved for advertising but, rather, in the sections covering cultural matters, notices, daily news, etc. Visually, they were not prominent and were addressed at the existing readership, especially in the German newspapers. They may be divided into several categories: ads for books published outside Osijek and Croatia, ads for books available in Osijek’s bookshops, ads for newspapers and journals, and printers’ ads. Only a small number of book ads were printed in the ads section. Information included in the ads covered the title, author’s name, content, price, publisher and the name of the bookseller.Attached is a bibliography of advertisements in the above-listed newspapers.
Bosnian Literature (reprint)
Authors: Jukić Ivan Franjo
Published: August 2015

The reprint of Bosnian Literature, bibliography composed by Franciscan Ivan Franjo Jukić (1818-1857) is published in this issue of Libellarium as a supplement to Slavko Harni’s contribution ”Bibliographic work of Ivan Franjo Jukić and the end of cultural history. Bibliographies as a source for the history of books and cultural history”.The text was published in two installments in the first literary journal in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosanski prijatelj, started and edited by Jukić, the first part in 1850 and the second in 1851.The original of this reprint is preserved in National and University Library, Zagreb. Keywords:Bosnia; Franciscans; Ivan Franjo Jukić; Bosnian friend; National and University Library Zagreb
Knjižarski katalozi kao izvori za povijest knjige
Authors: Tomić Marijana
Published: August 2015

Cilj je rada na temelju analize knjižarskog kataloga (Obznanenye) Novoselove knjižareistražiti povijest knjige i čitanja u Zagrebu na prijelazu iz 18. u 19. stoljeće. Analiziranije katalog objavljen 1800. ili 1801. godine. Pretpostavka je da su Novosel i njegovisuradnici i nasljednici ponudu u knjižari temeljili na zahtjevima čitatelja. Rast ponude,ali i potražnje za knjigama poticao je i nove oblike oglašavanja, tj. pojavu samostalnihprodajnih kataloga. Slijedom toga analizirani knjižarski katalog predstavlja novioblik oglašavanja koji oslikava kulturno i intelektualno stanje i potrebe zagrebačkihčitatelja toga doba.
Djela navedena u katalogu analizirana su s obzirom na jezik, žanr i zemlju tiska.Posebno su analizirana djela tiskana u Hrvatskoj i djela pisana na hrvatskom jeziku. Prianalizi kataloga korištena je i baza Skupnog kataloga hrvatskih knjižnica pomoću kojesu rekonstruirane godine tiska i tiskari hrvatskih knjiga koji nisu navedeni u katalogu.Jezična i žanrovska analiza kataloga pokazala je da se u Zagrebu na prijelazu iz 18.u 19. stoljeće tiskalo najviše knjiga na hrvatskom, a u knjižarama je u ponudi bilonajviše knjiga na njemačkom jeziku. Žanrovska analiza ukazala je na velik broj knjiga spodručja književnosti, gospodarstva i znanosti, što svjedoči o utjecaju prosvjetiteljstvana knjižarsku ponudu, iako je i dalje u ponudi bilo mnogo djela s područja teologije.Budući da se knjižarstvo u to doba moralo temeljiti na zahtjevima čitatelja, dokazanaje opravdanost analize knjižarskih kataloga kao izvora za povijest knjige, povijestčitanja i povijest kulture općenito.