bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bodhisattvas in Motion: A Path to Compassion Through Physical Activity for Larger Women
Authors: Ebbeck Vicki , Fitzgerald Keegan E.
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of enacting the Way of the Bodhisattva (Chödrön, 2005) lessons in compassion with larger women, particularly in reference to their physical activity behaviors. Three women provided ongoing and detailed information with regard to their experiences engaging with the lessons over a 6-week period. Individual weekly interviews, journal entries, a focus group discussion with all women following the program, and researcher field notes in combination offered triangulated information that was analyzed by two researchers. The findings suggested that the women benefited from the program, although assuming the role of a bodhisattva did prove to be challenging in the time available and perhaps was most beneficial in facilitating the process of self-reflection.
Photographic Images in Sports Illustrated for Kids: An Analysis of Sport Coverage and Gender Representation
Authors: Armentrout Suzannah M. , Kamphoff Cindra , Thomae Jeffrey
Published: September 2014

In this study we examined sport coverage and gender representation in photographic images in Sports Illustrated for Kids over a 3-year period. A content analysis of 4205 photographic images was conducted and data were analyzed using a chi-square analysis. Our research revealed that females were substantially underrepresented within the magazine (12%) and only appeared on the cover once over a 3-year period (<1%). The top three sports represented for men in SI for Kids were baseball, basketball, and football, whereas the top 3 “sports” for women were basketball, not in a sport (e.g., a fan), and soccer. Females were more likely than males to be represented in photographic images off the court, in individual sports, in feminine sports, in a posed position, as nonathletes, in tighter clothing, sleeveless shirts, with more of their legs showing, and with their midriff visible. When considering these findings in light of social learning theory, it is likely that media coverage within SI for Kids plays an important role in determining which sports are acceptable or unacceptable for boys and girls.
An Editorial Perspective and Vision for WSPAJ
Authors: Gill Diane L.
Published: September 2014

As the new Editor of the “new” Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal (WSPAJ), and someone who has been a reviewer, editorial member, author and reader since WSPAJ began publishing in 1992, I offer my historical perspective and my vision for WSPAJ. First, I am honored to be entrusted with the editorship as WSPAJ moves into its new home at UNCG, and I am committed to ensuring that WSPAJ is the leading publication for scholarship on women’s sport and physical activity. My vision for WSPAJ stems from its roots, and thus, I begin this editorial with an overview of the history of WSPAJ. Then, I will outline our mission and vision for WSPAJ. Finally, I invite all who are committed to women’s sport and physical activity to join our WSPAJ team.
How the ribosome hands the A-site tRNA to the P site during EF-G–catalyzed translocation
Authors: Zhou Jie , Lancaster Laura , Donohue John Paul , Noller Harry F.
Published: September 2014

Caught in the act of making protein

The ribosome is a large RNA-protein complex that converts the genetic code stored in messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Zhou
et al.
have determined the structure of a bacterial ribosome caught in the act of decoding an mRNA. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) decipher the genetic code in the mRNA to ensure that the ribosome uses the correct amino acids. The structure shows tRNAs in the process of being moved between successive protein-building binding pockets as the ribosome reads the mRNA like a piece of old-fashion computer tape.

Science
, this issue p.
1188
Comment on “Local impermeant anions establish the neuronal chloride concentration”
Authors: Luhmann Heiko J. , Kirischuk Sergei , Kilb Werner
Published: September 2014

Glykys
et al
. (Reports, 7 February 2014, p. 670) proposed that cytoplasmic impermeant anions and polyanionic extracellular matrix glycoproteins establish the local neuronal intracellular chloride concentration, [Cl
–
]
i
, and thereby the polarity of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA
A
) receptor signaling. The experimental procedures and results in this study are insufficient to support these conclusions. Contradictory results previously published by these authors and other laboratories are not referred to.
Chiral nanophotonic waveguide interface based on spin-orbit interaction of light
Authors: Petersen Jan , Volz Jürgen , Rauschenbeutel Arno
Published: September 2014

Controlling the flow of light with nanoparticles

Light propagating through optic fibers could provide the ultimate in information flow, but controlling the direction of flow is a key requirement. Petersen
et al.
show that the directional flow of light in a fiber can be controlled by placing a single gold nanoparticle on or near the surface of the fiber. By exploiting the chiral properties of light (the spin-orbit interaction), the authors demonstrate that the “handedness” or polarization state of the light hitting the particle determines in which direction the light flows in the fiber.

Science
, this issue p.
67
Microbial proteins and oceanic nutrient cycles
Authors: Moore C. Mark
Published: September 2014

Ocean microbes respond to limited nutrients by tuning the abundance of specific proteins

[Also see Reports by

Saito
et al.

and

Yong
et al.

]
Three-part ancestry for Europeans
Authors: Gibbons Ann
Published: September 2014

Eurasian “ghost lineage” contributed to most modern European genomes.
Small mammals vanish in northern Australia
Authors: Lewis Dyani
Published: September 2014

Scientists are struggling to rein in the culprit: feral cats, aided by fire.
Cellulosic ethanol at last?
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: September 2014

Large volumes of fuel from crop wastes will soon start flowing in the U.S.—unless policymakers balk.
Expanding the scope of RNA-Seq: From stem cells to FFPE
Authors: Papp Audrey , Broeckel Ulrich
Published: September 2014

As next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms advance in their speed, ease-of-use, and cost-effectiveness, many researchers are transitioning from microarrays to RNA sequencing (or RNA-seq) for their gene expression analysis needs. RNA-seq goes beyond differential gene expression to provide fundamental insights into how genomes are organized and regulated. Some RNA-seq platforms also offer higher sensitivity, increased sample number flexibility, and the ability to analyze highly degraded or rare samples from as little as 10 ng of input RNA. During this webinar, our expert speakers will discuss how NGS and RNA-seq can be broadly applied, including for the analysis of gene regulation through allelic expression and long non-coding RNAs, particularly in pharmacogenomics; for identification of novel microRNAs and transcript isoforms in stem cells; or for the discovery of new tumor biomarkers in archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples.

View the Webinar
Draft Genome Sequence of a Streptococcus agalactiae Strain Isolated from a Preterm Neonate Blood Sepsis Patient at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, Scotland
Authors: Kropp K. A. , Lucid A. , Carroll J. , Belgrudov V. , Walsh P. , Kelly B. , Smith C. , Dickinson P. , O'Driscoll A. , Templeton K. , Ghazal P. , Sleator R. D.
Published: September 2014

Herein, we report the draft genome sequence of
Streptococcus agalactiae
ED-NGS-1000, cultivated from a blood sample taken from a preterm neonate blood sepsis patient at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Staphylococcus warneri Strain Isolated from a Preterm Neonate Blood Sepsis Patient at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, Scotland
Authors: Kropp K. A. , Lucid A. , Carroll J. , Belgrudov V. , Walsh P. , Kelly B. , Smith C. , Dickinson P. , O'Driscoll A. , Templeton K. , Ghazal P. , Sleator R. D.
Published: September 2014

Herein, we report the draft genome sequence of
Staphylococcus warneri
ED-NGS-1001, cultivated from a blood sample taken from a preterm neonate blood sepsis patient at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Complete Genome Sequence of Actinobaculum schaalii Strain CCUG 27420
Authors: Kristiansen Rikke , Dueholm Morten S. , Bank Steffen , Nielsen Per Halkjær , Karst Søren M. , Cattoir Vincent , Lienhard Reto , Grisold Andrea J. , Olsen Anne Buchhave , Reinhard Mark , Søby Karen Marie , Christensen Jens Jørgen , Prag Jørgen , Thomsen Trine R.
Published: September 2014

Complete genome sequencing of the emerging uropathogen
Actinobaculum schaalii
indicates that an important mechanism of its virulence is attachment pili, which allow the organism to adhere to the surface of animal cells, greatly enhancing the ability of this organism to colonize the urinary tract.
Genome-Wide Association Studies of Virulent and Avirulent Haemophilus parasuis Serotype 4 Strains
Authors: Lawrence Paulraj K. , Wiener Brittanny L. , Kolander-Bremer Tammy , Bey Russell F. , Stine Douglas L. , Kittichotirat Weerayuth , Bumgarner Roger E.
Published: September 2014

Haemophilus parasuisis a normal commensal of the upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs. However, in conjunction with stress and/or viral infections, or in immunocompromised animals,H. parasuiscan transform into a pathogen causing Glasser's disease, which is typically characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, meningitis, and sometimes acute pneumonia and septicemia.H. parasuisserotype 5 is highly virulent and more frequently isolated from respiratory and systemic infection in pigs. Recently Newport Laboratories isolated highly virulentH. parasuisserotype 4 strains from the tissues of diseased pigs. This study was undertaken to identify the genes responsible forH. parasuisserotype 4 virulence. To achieve this objective we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) across two virulent and three avirulentH. parasuisserotype 4 strains.
Complete axial torsion of pregnant uterus with leiomyoma
Authors: Sachan Rekha , Patel M L , Sachan Pushpalata , Arora Anubha
Published: September 2014

Uterine torsion is defined as a rotation of the uterus of more than 45° along its long axis. It is a rare complication during pregnancy; a common cause of torsion can be uterine myoma. Here we describe the case of a 27-year-old G2P1+0 woman at 15 weeks 3 day pregnancy, who presented to our outpatient department as a case of acute abdomen, in a state of shock. Clinical findings did not correlate with investigation. On lapratomy she was diagnosed as a case of complete axial torsion of pregnant uterus with fundal myoma with massive abruption. Early diagnosis and timely intervention would help in improving both maternal and fetal outcome.
Anticipated significant work limitation in primary care consulters with osteoarthritis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wilkie Ross , Phillipson Chris , Hay Elaine M , Pransky Glenn
Published: September 2014

Objective

To describe the prevalence of expected work limitations (EWL) prior to future retirement age in osteoarthritis consulters, and the associated health, sociodemographic and workplace factors.

Design

Population-based prospective cohort study.

Setting

General practices in Staffordshire, England.

Participants

297 working adults aged 50–65, who had consulted primary care for osteoarthritis.

Outcome

EWL was defined using a single question, “Do you think joint pain will limit your ability to work before you reach 69 years old?”

Results

51 (17.2%) indicated that joint pain would not limit their ability to work until 69, 79 (26.6%) indicated EWL and 167 (56.2%) did not know if joint pain would limit work before 69. In bivariate analysis, physical function (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.91 to 0.96), depression (4.51; 1.81 to 11.3), cognitive symptom (3.84; 1.81 to 8.18), current smoker (2.75; 1.02 to 7.38), age (0.69; 0.58 to 0.82), physically demanding job (3.18; 1.50 to 6.72), no opportunities to retrain (3.01; 1.29 to 7.05) and work dissatisfaction (3.69; 1.43 to 9.49) were associated with EWL. The final multivariate model included physical function and age.

Conclusions

Only one in five osteoarthritis consulters expected that joint pain would not limit their work participation before 69 years of age. Given the expectation for people to work until they are older, the results highlight the increasing need for clinicians to include work participation in their consultation and implement strategies to address work loss/limitation. Targeting pain-related functional limitation and effective communication with employers to manage workplace issues could reduce EWL.
The IDEAL DVT study, individualised duration elastic compression therapy against long-term duration of therapy for the prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome: protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: ten Cate-Hoek Arina J , Bouman Annemieke C , Joore Manuela A , Prins Martin , ten Cate Hugo
Published: September 2014

Introduction

Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a serious complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the leg that affects 20–50% of patients. Once a patient experiences PTS there is no treatment that effectively reduces the debilitating complaints. Two randomised controlled trials showed that elastic compression stocking (ECS) therapy after DVT for 24 months can reduce the incidence of PTS by 50%. However, it is unclear whether all patients benefit to the same extent from ECS therapy or what the optimal duration of therapy for individual patients should be. ECS therapy is costly, inconvenient, demanding and sometimes even debilitating. Tailoring therapy to individual needs could save substantial costs. The objective of the IDEAL DVT study, therefore, is to evaluate whether tailoring the duration of ECS therapy on signs and symptoms of the individual patient is a safe and effective method to prevent PTS, compared with standard ECS therapy.

Methods and analysis

A multicentre, single-blinded, allocation concealed, randomised, non-inferiority trial. A total of 864 consecutive patients with acute objectively documented proximal DVT of the leg are randomised to either standard duration of 24 months or tailored duration of ECS therapy following an initial therapeutic period of 6 months. Signs and symptoms of PTS are recorded at regular clinic visits. Furthermore, quality of life, costs, patient preferences and compliance are measured. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with PTS at 24 months.

Ethics and dissemination

Based on current knowledge the standard application of ECS therapy is questioned. The IDEAL DVT study will address the central questions that remain unanswered: Which individual patients benefit from ECS therapy and what is the optimal individual treatment duration? Primary ethics approval was received from the Maastricht University Medical Centre.

Results

Results of the study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at scientific conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT01429714 and NTR 2597.
Association between HTR2C gene variants and suicidal behaviour: a protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of genetic studies
Authors: Thelma Beatriz González-Castro , Isela Juárez-Rojop , Alma Genis , María Lilia López-Narváez , Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
Published: September 2014

Introduction

Suicide is an important public health problem and one of the most common causes of death throughout the world. Suicidal behaviour is complex, and its causes are multifactorial. Case–control studies have reported an association between an alteration of the serotonin system and suicidal behaviour. Recently, it has been suggested that the 5-HTRC2 serotonin receptor gene is involved in the pathogenesis of suicidal behaviour.

Methods and analysis

To evaluate the role of the 5-HTR2C gene in suicidal behaviour, we will perform a systematic review and a meta-analysis of worldwide reports that have investigated the association between the serotonin system and suicidal behaviour. This analysis will be reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Studies deemed fit for inclusion in the systematic review will be scored for methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Assessment Scale (NOS). The inclusion criteria will be to present independent data, to be case–control studies and to be published in journal peer reviews. To generate more accurate analyses, we will grade the reports using the GRADES scale procedures.

Ethics and dissemination

This study will describe the association between the HTR2C gene and suicidal behaviour. The results will be reported in a peer-reviewed publication and in scientific presentations in Mexico and throughout the world.

Trial registration number

PROSPERO CRD42014009213.
Does exposure to thyroxine‐mimics cause feline thyroid hyperplasia?
Authors: Hill K. E. , Shaw I. C.
Published: September 2014

Over the past four decades, the incidence of feline thyroid hyperplasia (FTH) has steadily increased. Concomitantly, cats' exposure to thyroxine (T4)‐mimicking environmental contaminants and food additives has also increased. Kate Hill and Ian Shaw hypothesise that the two could be linked.
Moringa oleiferaleaf extract ameliorates alloxan-induced diabetes in rats by regeneration of β cells and reduction of pyruvate carboxylase expression
Authors: Abd El Latif Amira , El Bialy Badr El Said , Mahboub Hamada Dahi , Abd Eldaim Mabrouk Attia
Published: September 2014

Moringa oleifera Lam. contains many active ingredients with nutritional and medicinal values. It is commonly used in folk medicine as an antidiabetic agent. The present study was designed to investigate how an aqueous extract from the leaves of M. oleifera reveals hypoglycemia in diabetic rats. M. oleifera leaf extract counteracted the alloxan-induced diabetic effects in rats as it normalized the elevated serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde, and normalized mRNA expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase in hepatic tissues. It also increased live body weight gain and normalized the reduced mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase in the liver of diabetic rats. Moreover, it restored the normal histological structure of the liver and pancreas damaged by alloxan in diabetic rats. This study revealed that the aqueous extract of M. oleifera leaves possesses potent hypoglycemic effects through the normalization of elevated hepatic pyruvate carboxylase enzyme and regeneration of damaged hepatocytes and pancreatic β cells via its antioxidant properties.
Swell pressure, matric suction, and matric suction equivalent for undisturbed expansive clays
Authors: Singhal Sonal , Houston Sandra L. , Houston William N.
Published: September 2014

Methods of computation for soil heave based on an “equivalent” net normal stress path approach often have built-in assumptions regarding the relationship between in situ matric suction, overburden stress, and swell pressure. The term “matric suction equivalent” has been previously defined as the difference between in situ state of stress projected on the net normal stress plane (represented by swell pressure) and overburden stress. Correlations between matric suction, overburden stress, and swell pressure for matric suction values in excess of the air-entry value have not been well studied and are explored here for expansive soils. Filter paper (in-contact) and constant volume swell pressure tests were performed on undisturbed tube samples of expansive soils taken from Arizona, Colorado, and Texas. In general, the ratio of the matric suction equivalent to the matric suction decreases with increasing soil suction. An empirical relationship was established in which the matric suction equivalent was found to be proportional to the logarithm of the matric suction for in situ matric suctions greater than a certain value, termed as the “intercept matric suction”. A correlation between the intercept matric suction and the soil’s plasticity index (PI) was found for the clays of this study. The developed correlations represent a method for obtaining approximate estimates of in situ matric suction for expansive soils from PI and swell pressure data. Implications of the study findings for the use of an equivalent net normal stress approach for estimation of soil heave are explored.
Ring-opening copolymerization of epoxide and dianhydride in the presence of manganese(III) asymmetrical bis-Schiff base catalysts
Authors: Liu Deng-Feng , Zhu Lu-Qun , Wu Jing , Wu Li-Ying , Lü Xing-Qiang
Published: September 2014

Based on a series of asymmetrical bis-Schiff base H2Ln (n = 1–4) ligands with different electronic and steric effects, a series of [Mn(Ln)Cl] complexes 1–4 are obtained and shown to be effective catalysts in ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides and dianhydrides. Through the structure design, the input of electron-withdrawing bromine substituent para to the phenoxide group of the complexes is considerately beneficial to the improved activities. Moreover, steric and electronic effects of the suitable MeO substituent at the ortho orientation on the phenoxide group may both play a role in the formation of alternating ring-opening copolymers under the identical reaction conditions. In three cocatalysts tested, n-Bu4NBr is positive to monomer conversion and chain growth of polymer.
Palaeobiogeographic relationships and palaeoenvironmental implications of an earliest Oligocene Tethyan ichthyofauna from Egypt
Authors: Murray Alison M. , Argyriou Thodoris , Cook Todd D.
Published: September 2014

The Fayum Depression of Egypt has produced a great diversity of fossil material, including marine and freshwater fishes. In contrast to the Eocene formations of the Fayum, the Oligocene Jbel Qatrani Formation has been more or less consistently considered to be deposited in a freshwater environment; however, the ichthyofauna indicates a more complex picture. Cenozoic fishes have been convincingly used to interpret the palaeoenvironment in which sediments were deposited. Based on the elasmobranch and osteichthyan faunas of the Jbel Qatrani Formation, we interpret that this formation was not deposited entirely in fresh waters, but had some marine influence, particularly in the lower part of the formation. The mixture of freshwater elements, such as polypterids and alestids, with brackish and marine elements, including myliobatid stingrays, in the Quarry E site suggests a local palaeoenvironment that was very close to the shoreline, in a less protected area, or under more seasonal influence than the rest of the sites in the formation. Additionally, the early Oligocene elasmobranch fishes from Quarry E have a strong biogeographic relationship with sites in Oman and Pakistan, in the eastern Tethys, representing a restricted fauna possibly limited in distribution by cooling global temperatures.
General state-to-state transitions in atoms for either Yukawa or Coulomb potentials via Fourier transforms
Authors: Straton Jack C.
Published: September 2014

In a previous paper we used our integro-differential extension of Gaussian transforms to find the closed analytic form for hydrogenic bound-state transitions with arbitrarily high quantum numbers due to projectile impact excitation via Coulomb potentials (in the intermediate representation). Here we extend that result to Yukawa potentials, but do so by utilizing Fourier transforms. The result is used to find the first-order cross section for proton impact excitation of hydrogen to the 2s–7s final states. Because the results hold for any initial and final quantum states, and the amplitude may be easily converted for use with pseudostates, it may be used to automatically calculate sums over intermediate pseudostate propagators whose (bound and free) principal and angular quantum numbers can become very large. This result may be extended to multi-electron transition amplitudes by representing initial and final states by configuration–interaction wave-functions.
Kerr–Newman electron as spinning soliton
Authors: Burinskii Alexander
Published: September 2014

Measurable parameters of the electron indicate that its background should be described by the Kerr–Newman (KN) solution. The spin/mass ratio of the electron is extreme large and the black hole (BH) horizons disappear, opening a topological defect of space–time — the Kerr singular ring of Compton size, which may be interpreted as a closed fundamental string to low-energy string theory. The singular and two-sheeted structure of the corresponding Kerr space has to be regularized, and we consider the old problem of regularizing the source of the KN solution. As a development of the earlier Keres–Israel–Hamity–López model, we describe the model of smooth and regular source forming a gravitating and relativistically rotating soliton based on the chiral field model and the Higgs mechanism of broken symmetry. The model reveals some new remarkable properties: (1) the soliton forms a relativistically rotating bubble of Compton radius, which is filled by the oscillating Higgs field in a pseudo-vacuum state; (2) the boundary of the bubble forms a domain wall which interpolates between the internal flat background and the external exact KN solution; (3) the phase transition is provided by a system of chiral fields; (4) the vector potential of the external KN solution forms a closed Wilson loop which is quantized, giving rise to a quantized spin of the soliton and (5) the soliton is bordered by a closed string, which is a part of the general complex stringy structure.
Ferroelectric control of magnetism and transport in oxide heterostructures
Authors: Huang Xin , Dong Shuai
Published: September 2014

Magnetism and transport are two key functional ingredients in modern electronic devices. In oxide heterostructures, ferroelectricity can provide a new route to control these two properties via electrical operations, which is scientifically interesting and technologically important. In this brief review, we will introduce recent progresses on this fast developing research field. Several subtopics will be covered. First, the ferroelectric polarization tuning of interfacial magnetism will be introduced, which includes the tuning of magnetization, easy axis, magnetic phases, as well as exchange bias. Second, the ferroelectric polarization tuning of transverse and tunneling transport will be reviewed.
XDMA: A Dual Indexing and Mutual Summation Based Keyword Search Algorithm for XML Databases
Authors: Selvaganesan S. , Haw Su-Cheng , Soon Lay-Ki
Published: September 2014

Achieving the effectiveness in relation to the relevance of query result is the most crucial part of XML keyword search. Developing an XML Keyword search approach which addresses the user search intention, keyword ambiguity problems and query/search result grading (ranking) problem is still challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called XDMA for keyword search in XML databases that builds two indices to resolve these problems. Then, a keyword search technique based on two-level matching between two indices is presented. Further, by utilizing the logarithmic and probability functions, a terminology that defines the Mutual Score to find the desired T-typed node is put forward. We also introduce the similarity measure to retrieve the exact data through the selected T-typed node. In addition, grading for the query results having comparable relevance scores is employed. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach, XDMA with a comprehensive experimental evaluation using the datasets of DBLP, WSU and eBay.
Extraction and Analysis of Crucial Fraction in Software Networks
Authors: Li Hui , Chen Rong , Ge Xin , Hao Li-Ying , Zhao Hai
Published: September 2014

Many complex systems, such as software systems, are full of complexity arising from interactions among basic units (such as classes, interfaces and struts in object-oriented software systems). One of the most successful approaches to capture the underlying structural features of large-scale software systems is the investigation of hierarchical organization. However, the hierarchy of software networks has not been thoroughly investigated. In this paper, the crucial fraction (CF) in software networks has been extracted and analyzed in a set of real-world software systems. First, the classes and the relationships between them have been extracted into software networks. Then software networks have been divided into different layers, and CF of software networks has been extracted by k-core. The empirical studies in this paper reveal that software networks represent flat hierarchical structure. Finally, CF has been measured by the relevant complex network parameters respectively, and the relations between CF and overall network have been analyzed by the case studies of software networks. The results show that CF represents characteristics of scale-free, small-world, strong connectivity, and the units in CF are frequently reused and dominate the overall system.
A Comparison of Software Product Line Traceability Approaches from End-to-End Traceability Perspectives
Authors: Kim Jingyu , Kang Sungwon , Lee Jihyun
Published: September 2014

Software traceability is the ability to provide trace information on requirements, design, and implementation of a system. It helps stakeholders understand the many associations of software artifacts created during a software development project. End-to-end traceability refers to linkage of all artifacts in the entire lifecycle of a software development project. Its goal is to provide stakeholders of the software development with trace information in order to analyze impacts due to changes in a software system. Compared to that of a single product, the end-to-end traceability of software product line is more complicated because Software Product Line Development (SPLD) requires two separate but intimately related phases of domain engineering and application engineering. Various SPLD traceability approaches have been proposed in the past. However, thus far no research work on SPLD traceability has focused on SPLD end-to-end traceability. This paper defines SPLD end-to-end traceability and evaluates the existing SPLD traceability approaches from SPLD end-to-end traceability perspectives. We surveyed studies on SPLD traceability methods, traceability mechanisms used in major SPLD approaches, and software traceability survey papers. We compared the existing SPLD traceability approaches based on Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Through the survey, we found that none of the SPLD traceability studies fully supports SPLD end-to-end traceability, and there are unexplored research areas of SPLD end-to-end traceability in the existing SPLD traceability studies. The contribution of this paper is that it presents future research directions that give research guidelines for each unexplored research area in SPLD end-to-end traceability. Finally, based on the research directions, this paper suggests future research opportunities for SPLD end-to-end traceability.
Intense ionizing radiation from laser-induced processes in ultra-dense deuterium D(-1)
Authors: Olofson Frans , Holmlid Leif
Published: September 2014

Nuclear fusion in ultra-dense deuterium D(-1) has been reported from our laboratory in a few studies using pulsed lasers with energy < 0.2 J. The direct observation of massive particles with energy 1–20 MeV u-1 is conclusive proof for fusion processes, either as a cause or as a result. Continuing the step-wise approach necessary for untangling a complex problem, the high-energy photons from the laser-induced plasma are now studied. The focus is here on the photoelectrons formed. The photons penetrating a copper foil have energy > 80 keV. The total charge created is up to 2 μC or 1 × 1013 photoelectrons per laser shot at 0.13 J pulse energy, assuming isotropic photon emission. The variation of the photoelectron current with laser intensity is faster than linear for some systems, which indicates rapid approach to volume ignition. On a permanent magnet at approximately 1 T, a laser pulse-energy threshold exists for the laser-induced processes probably due to the floating of most clusters of D(-1) in the magnetic field. This Meissner effect was reported previously.
AN INTRODUCTION TO FLOW AND TRANSPORT IN FRACTAL MODELS OF POROUS MEDIA: PART I
Authors: CAI JIANCHAO , SAN JOSÉ MARTÍNEZ FERNANDO , MARTÍN MIGUEL ANGEL , PERFECT EDMUND
Published: September 2014

This special issue gathers together a number of recent papers on fractal geometry and its applications to the modeling of flow and transport in porous media. The aim is to provide a systematic approach for analyzing the statics and dynamics of fluids in fractal porous media by means of theory, modeling and experimentation. The topics covered include lacunarity analyses of multifractal and natural grayscale patterns, random packing's of self-similar pore/particle size distributions, Darcian and non-Darcian hydraulic flows, diffusion within fractals, models for the permeability and thermal conductivity of fractal porous media and hydrophobicity and surface erosion properties of fractal structures.
FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF HYDRAULICS IN POROUS MEDIA WITH WALL EFFECTS
Authors: LIANG MINGCHAO , YU BOMING , YANG SHANSHAN , ZOU MINGQING , YAO LONG
Published: September 2014

The analytical expressions for the normalized average mass flux and pressure drop for power law fluids for wall effects in porous media are presented by using the fractal theory and technique for porous media. The proposed models are expressed as functions of power law index and structure parameters. These model predictions show that the proposed models can provide a good agreement with the experimental and other analytical results. This indicates that the fractal models may be helpful to much better understand the mechanisms of flow than other analytical models for porous media.
DERIVATION OF PERMEABILITY–PORE RELATIONSHIP FOR FRACTAL POROUS RESERVOIRS USING SERIES–PARALLEL FLOW RESISTANCE MODEL AND LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD
Authors: WANG BAOYU , JIN YI , CHEN QING , ZHENG JUNLING , ZHU YIBO , ZHANG XIAOBING
Published: September 2014

Permeability of porous reservoirs plays a significant role in engineering and scientific applications. In this study, we investigated the relationship between pore size fractal dimension (Df) and its porosity, as well as that between Dfand the pore structure parameters, and consequentially developed an algorithm to generate pore spaces with arbitrary fractal dimension characterizing the pore size distribution. Using the series–parallel flow resistance model and lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) in combination, we then systematically analyzed the effects of physical properties on the fluid flows in two-dimensional (2D) context, and quantitatively derived a permeability–pore relationship for fractal porous media. The new relationship shows that: (i) the permeability of a fractal porous medium is proportional to the square of its maximum pore size λmax; (ii) the larger the fractal dimension Dfof a pore space, the smaller the flow resistance of the porous medium; (iii) porosity φ to the power of (4 - Df)/(2 - Df) is proportional to the permeability of a porous medium; (iv) similar to the Kozeny–Carman (KC) equation, the tortuosity τ has its square inversely proportional to the permeability; more importantly, it is found to be a function of porosity approximately satisfying the relationship τ = φDf-2in a fractal porous medium. Moreover, we demonstrated that the newly derived fractal permeability–pore relationship is equivalent to KC equation and Poiseuille's law respectively, at Df= 1 and Df= 2.
FRACTAL PORE STRUCTURE MODEL AND MULTILAYER FRACTAL ADSORPTION IN SHALE
Authors: ZHANG LIEHUI , LI JIANCHAO , TANG HONGMING , GUO JINGJING
Published: September 2014

The complex structure and surface property of porous media have significant impact on its accumulation and adsorption capacity. Based on the fractal theory, this paper presents a fractal pore structure model for shales. The effect of different pore structures on fractal dimension is discussed, and the influence of fractal dimension and pore size distribution on porosity is also analyzed. It is shown that the fractal dimension D decreases with the increase of structure parameter q/m for a certain pore diameter ratio, and porosity has positive relationship with fractal dimension. This paper also presents a multilayer fractal adsorption model which takes into account the roughness of adsorption surface by using fractal theory. With the introduction of pseudo-saturated vapor pressure in the supercritical temperature condition, the proposed adsorption model can be applied into a wider range of temperature. Based on the low-pressure nitrogen adsorption and methane isothermal adsorption experiments, the effect of fractal dimension on the adsorption behavior of shales is discussed. Fractal dimension has significant impact on the surface adsorption property and adsorption layer number n. The monolayer saturated adsorption volume Vm increases with the increase of D, while parameter C has the opposite variation trend. Finally, the optimal combination of fractal parameters for describing pore structure of shale samples is selected.
Induced hypersymplectic and hyperkähler structures on the dual of a Lie algebroid
Authors: Antunes P. , Nunes da Costa J. M.
Published: September 2014

We show that every hypersymplectic structure on a Lie algebroid A determines a hypersymplectic and a hyperkähler structure on the dual A*. This result is illustrated with an example on the Lie algebroid T(H3 × I), where H3 is the Heisenberg group.
ENHANCED ETHANOL SENSING PERFORMANCES OF MULTIPLE NETWORKED Nb2O5 NANOROD SENSORS FUNCTIONALIZED WITH Pd AND Au NANOPARTICLES
Authors: PARK SUNGHOON , KIM SOOHYUN , PARK SUYOUNG , HYUN SOONG-KEUN , LEE WAN IN , LEE CHONGMU
Published: September 2014

Over the past decade, functionalization with bimetallic catalysts have been studied owing to their excellent catalytic activities for various reactions, whereas few studies have been performed on cofunctionalization with two different types of metal catalysts despite its simplicity. This study examined the sensing performances of Nb 2 O 5 nanorods cofunctionalized with Pd and Au nanoparticles. Pd , Au -cofunctionalized Nb 2 O 5 nanorods were prepared by a hydrothermal technique. The Nb 2 O 5 nanorods cofunctionalized with Pd and Au nanoparticles showed far stronger response to ethanol gas than the Pd or Au -functionalized counterpart. The origin for the enhanced response of the Pd , Au -cofunctionalized Nb 2 O 5 nanorods is discussed.
Electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol in acid medium: Enhancement of activity of vulcan-supported Platinum-based nanoparticles upon immobilization within nanostructured zirconia matrices
Authors: Rutkowska Iwona A. , Kulesza Pawel J.
Published: September 2014

Composite electrocatalytic materials that utilize carbon (Vulcan) supported Pt or PtRu nanoparticles dispersed within thin films of zirconia ( ZrO 2) are considered here for oxidation of such a biofuel as ethanol in acid medium. The systems were characterized using electrochemical techniques as well as transmission electron microscopy. The enhancement of activity was clearly evident upon comparison of the respective voltammetric and chronoamperometric current densities recorded (at room temperature in 0.5 mol dm-3 H 2 SO 4 containing 0.5 mol dm-3 ethanol) using the Vulcan supported Pt and PtRu catalysts in the presence and absence of zirconia. In all cases, the noble metal loading was the same, 100 μg cm-2. Apparently, the existence of large population of hydroxyl groups (originating from zirconia) in the vicinity of Pt -based catalyst, in addition to possible specific interactions between zirconia and the ruthenium component of PtRu , facilitated the oxidative removal (from Pt ) of the passivating (e.g., CO ) reaction intermediates (adsorbates). By utilizing carbon supported, rather than bare or unsupported, Pt or PtRu nanoparticles (dispersed within the semiconducting zirconia), the overall charge distribution at the electrocatalytic interface was improved.
Zn0.5Co0.5O Solid Solution Nanoparticles with Durable Life for Rechargeable Lithium-ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Linlin , Zhao Daoli , Zhang Min , Wang Caihua , Tang Kaibin , Zhang Xiaozhu , Xu Jingli
Published: September 2014

Zn 0.5 Co 0.5 O solid solution materials have been extensively studied for possible spintronic applications, however, there are only a few reports using Zn 0.5 Co 0.5 O nanostructures for energy storage. Here, we report the preparation of Zn 0.5 Co 0.5 O nanoparticles with the average particle size 10 nm and their application as anode material for rechargeable Li -ion batteries (LIBs). Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the Zn 0.5 Co 0.5 O solid solution nanoparticles deliver a stable reversible capacity of 309 mA h g-1 up to 250 cycles at 1 C rate. These results show higher-rate capability and better cycle durability compared with those of the reported ZnO or ZnO -based anodes.
Process-driven data quality management
Authors: Glowalla Paul , Sunyaev Ali
Published: September 2014

Data quality is critical to organizational success. In order to improve and sustain data quality in the long term, process-driven data quality management (PDDQM) seeks to redesign processes that create or modify data. Consequently, process modeling is mandatory for PDDQM. Current research examines process modeling languages with respect to representational capabilities. However, there is a gap, since process modeling languages for PDDQM are not considered. We address this research gap by providing a synthesis of the varying applications of process modeling languages for PDDQM. We conducted a keyword-based literature review in conferences as well as 74 highranked information systems and computer science journals, reviewing 1,555 articles from 1995 onwards. For practitioners, it is possible to integrate the quality perspective within broadly applied process models. For further research, we derive representational requirements for PDDQM that should be integrated within existing process modeling languages. However, there is a need for further representational analysis to examine the adequacy of upcoming process modeling languages. New or enhanced process modeling languages may substitute for PDDQM-specific process modeling languages and facilitate development of a broadly applicable and accepted process modeling language for PDDQM.
Demo hour
Authors: Liang Rong-Hao , Chan Liwei , Tseng Hung-Yu , Kuo Han-Chih , Huang Da-Yuan , Yang De-Nian , Chen Bing-Yu , Grosse-Puppendahl Tobias , Beck Sebastian , Wilbers Daniel , Kuijper Arjan , Heo Heejeong , Park Hyungkun , Kim Seungki , Chung Jeeyong , Lee Geehyuk , Lee Woohun , Unander-Scharin Carl , Unander-Scharin Åsa , Höök Kristina , Elblaus Ludvig
Published: September 2014

Interactivity is a unique forum of the ACM CHI Conference that showcases hands-on demonstrations, novel interactive technologies, and artistic installations. At CHI 2014, we aimed to create a "one of a CHInd" Interactivity experience with more than 60 interactive exhibits to highlight the diverse group of computer scientists, sociologists, designers, psychologists, artists, and many more that make up the CHI community. Julie Rico Williamson and Steven Benford, CHI Interactivity Chairs
HCI public policy issues in U.S. libraries
Authors: Lazar Jonathan , Subramaniam Mega , Jaeger Paul , Bertot John
Published: September 2014

Public policy plays an influential role in the work we do as HCI researchers, interaction designers, and practitioners. "Public policy," a broad term, includes both government policy and policy within non-governmental organizations. This forum focuses on topics at the intersection of human-computer interaction and public policy.
---Jonathan Lazar, Editor
Online ethnography
Authors: Bauwens Valérie , Genoud Patrick
Published: September 2014

A tool for creative dialogue between state and citizens.
Real-time programming on accelerator many-core processors
Authors: Michell Stephen , Moore Brad , Pinho Luis Miguel
Published: September 2014

Multi-core platforms are challenging the way software is developed, in all application domains. For the particular case of real-time systems, models for the development of parallel software must be able to be shown correct in both functional and non-functional properties at design-time. In particular, issues such as concurrency, timing behaviour and interaction with the environment need to be addressed with the same caution as for the functional requirements. This paper proposes an execution model for the parallelization of real-time software, based upon a fine-grained parallelism support being proposed to Ada, a programming language particularly suited to the development of critical, concurrent software. We also show the correctness of the proposed model in terms of satisfying constraints related to execution order and unbounded priority inversions.
Illustrating the AADL error modeling annex (v.2) using a simple safety-critical medical device
Authors: Larson Brian , Hatcliff John , Fowler Kim , Delange Julien
Published: September 2014

Developing and certifying safety-critical and highly reliable systems almost always includes significant emphasis on hazard analysis and risk assessment. There have been substantial improvements in automation and formalization of other aspects of critical system engineering including model-driven development, analysis of source code and models, and verification techniques. However, hazard analysis and risk assessment are still largely manual and informal activities, tool support is limited (which for both development and auditing, increases time and effort and reduces accuracy and correctness), and artifacts are not integrated with architectural descriptions, system interfaces, high-level behavioral descriptions or code.

The Error Model annex of the Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL) provides formal and automated support for a variety of forms of hazard analysis and risk assessment activities. Specifically, it enables engineers to formally specify errors, error propagation, error mitigation -- using annotations that are integrated with formal architecture and behavioral descriptions written in AADL. Plug-ins to the Open-Source AADL Tool Environment (OSATE) process these annotations to provide various forms of (semi)-automated support for reliability predication and tasks necessary to support common hazard analysis and risk assessment techniques such as Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and Functional Hazard Analysis (FHA).

In this paper, we illustrate basic aspects of Error Modeling in AADL using a simple safety-critical medical system -- an infant incubator called "Isolette". We summarize standard tasks involved in FMEA and FTA, we illustrate the principal steps involved in AADL Error Modeling for the Isolette, and we describe how those steps relate to FMEA and FTA. We give a brief survey of emerging automated analysis tools implemented as plug-ins to the AADL OSATE environment that process error modeling annotations. We believe this introduction to Error Modeling in AADL can expose engineers of high-integrity systems to techniques and tools that can provide a more rigorous, automated, and integrated approach to important risk management activities.
SAW
Authors: Carter Kyle , Foltzer Adam , Hendrix Joe , Huffman Brian , Tomb Aaron
Published: September 2014

Galois has developed a suite of symbolic simulation and formal analysis tools, collectively called the Software Analysis Workbench (SAW). SAW provides security analysts and engineers with the ability to generate formal models from C and Java programs and prove properties of those programs using several automated verification tools. SAW is primarily used to verify the correctness of cryptographic implementations, and is able to import specifications written in Cryptol, a language developed by Galois for specifying cryptographic primitives.

In this short paper, we describe the main components of SAW. We then given an overview of the cryptographic implementations that have been verified.