bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social System of Taq Taq Township: A Field Anthropology Research
Authors: Yasin Harzani Noori , Salah Saady Alan
Published: March 2022

Societies include a group of systems or a main social structure that contains a group of systems,roles, and special places. This group of systems from a function perspective is connected due to the social relationships, which exist among each individual in those systems, where they accomplish and exchange their specific roles in their determined places. This is called social structure, which is one of the important parts of social anthropology. Generally, the social system is an indicator of the style or the way of society individuals through which they treat and affect each other as a guide to organize their daily transactions among them. All theseeffects and social relationships are the results of social system structure such as marriage, family, and kinship for providing the needs of human life and for society continuance. The purpose of this study is to know the social lifestyle of Taq Taq society and to reveal the changes that happened in the social structure of marriage, divorce, family, and kinship zone as well as to exposethe problems of the social system. This subject is qualitative anthropology research which has been done in the center of Taq Taq Township. The researcher got an advantage from the field of anthropology with the support of the theory of structural functionalism by using the methods and materials of collecting information like direct noticing and with others, interview, informant, document, data, formal registrations and remaining of the researcher in the social field of the research. For obtaining the result, the study is divided into five chapters includes society system, marriage, divorce, family, and kinship. In the end, the researcher has concluded that the phenomenon of external marriage is preferable, large families turned into small families, the kinship is through father’s race because society is a masculine one, the occurrence of divorce is increasing, the boys and girls have the freedom to choose their spouses, and sometimes polygamy in Taq Taq society is adopted due to some factors.
The impact of Eternal debt and development on economic growth in Iraq for (2018-2000):An Analytical Econometric Study
Authors: Ali Arif Saman , Mahsum Faraj Mardin
Published: March 2022

Iraq is one of the most global economies suffering from international financial burdens, most notably the accumulation of external debt for more than two decades; As a result of concluding international debt contracts with a group of countries who took it upon themselves to support Iraq during the war and throughout the sanctions imposed on the country. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the Bank for International Settlements estimated the external debt owed by Iraq (120 ) billion dollars in (2004 ), This external debt constitutes significant burden on Iraq’s general budget. but after the Emergency Post-Conflict Assistance agreement with the International Monetary Fund, Iraq’s external debt was reduced from (120 ) billion dollars in 2004 to (72 ) billion dollars in 201 8. As a result, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the impact of foreign debt and official development assistance on economic growth in Iraq. To accomplish this, the study used a (Econometric - analytical) approach, collecting secondary data from various sources for the period (201 8-2000 ). Finally, the study reached a number of conclusions; That, despite Iraq’s economic growth, the impact of external debt on GDP during the period (201 8-2000 ) was negative. Inflation has also had a negative influence on GDP. While the impact of official development assistance was positive on economic growth during the study period. Accordingly, it is necessary to work on returning the state’s foreign debt on the one hand and increasing development aid on the other hand, in order to reduce the proportion of external debt from the gross domestic product and increase international development investments to Iraq.
Efikasi Suplementasi Asam Folat terhadap Kejadian Stroke pada Pasien Hiperhomosisteinemia dengan Riwayat Penyakit Jantung Koroner – Telaah Kasus Berbasis Bukti
Authors: Santoso Erlina , Haryadi Didi , Louisa Melva
Published: March 2022

Beberapa studi uji klinis yang meneliti efikasi asam folat untuk mencegah kejadian stroke pada pasien hiperhomosisteinemia dengan penyakit kardiovaskular memberikan simpulan yang inkonklusif. Tujuan laporan kasus berbasis bukti ini untuk menilai apakah suplementasi asam folat dapat menurunkan risiko stroke pada pasien dengan riwayat jantung koroner dengan hiperhomosisteinemia. Pencarian komprehensif melalui beberapa basis data online. Telaah kritis menggunakan alat penilaian dari Centre of Evidence Based Medicine (CEBM). Diperoleh dua studi kajian sistematik yang sesuai kriteria seleksi. Hasil telaah kritis mendapatkan bahwa kedua studi tersebut memiliki validitas baik. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi asam folat dapat menurunkan kejadian stroke pada pasien dengan riwayat penyakit kardiovaskular.
Assesment of the Marine Litter on the Romanian Black Sea Beaches
Authors:   National Institute for Marine Research and Development “Grigore Antipa”, 300 Mamaia Blvd, 900581, Constanta, Romania, Stoica Elena , Nenciu Magda ,   National Institute for Marine Research and Development “Grigore Antipa”, 300 Mamaia Blvd, 900581, Constanta, Romania, Creangă Silvia Mădălina ,   National Institute for Marine Research and Development “Grigore Antipa”, 300 Mamaia Blvd, 900581, Constanta, Romania, Tănase Mihaela Cosmina ,   National Institute for Marine Research and Development “Grigore Antipa”, 300 Mamaia Blvd, 900581, Constanta, Romania, Marin Dragoș ,   National Institute for Marine Research and Development “Grigore Antipa”, 300 Mamaia Blvd, 900581, Constanta, Romania, Ciucă Andreea Mădălina ,   National Institute for Marine Research and Development “Grigore Antipa”, 300 Mamaia Blvd, 900581, Constanta, Romania, Pătrașcu Vasile ,   National Institute for Marine Research and Development “Grigore Antipa”, 300 Mamaia Blvd, 900581, Constanta, Romania
Published: March 2022

"The paper presents the results of seasonal marine litter surveys carried out during the period 2018 – 2019 along the Romanian littoral of the Black Sea on 3 sandy beaches differing in their touristic exploitation and urbanisation. The assessment of abundance and composition of macrolitter (> 2.5 cm) and microplastics (1-5 mm) followed the monitoring methodology described in the EU MSFD TG10 guidance (Galgani et al., 2013). Out of the fifty-five litter types mostly monitored, cigarettes buts and plastic/polystyrene pieces (2.5 cm - 50 cm) made up the highest contribution with more than 50% in all years. The mean abundance of total microplastics ranged from 4 and 272 particles/m2 among sites; the microplastics were mostly expanded polystyrene (EPS), fragments and films. The microplastic abundance in touristic beaches of Mamaia resort (Marina Regia and Malibu) was between 2 and 30 times higher than in protected wild areas (Vadu). Overall, the different types and quantities of marine litter found during our study were related to differences in human activities set up in all three locations in touristic and post-touristic season 2018 and 2019. The highest macrolitter and microplastic concentrations were recorded in the southern area of Mamaia summer resort (Malibu beach) indicating that beside the level of coastal infrastructure development, the seasonal tourists and local population density are important factors affecting marine litter pollution level on the Romanian beaches. Key-Words: marine litter, macrolitter, microplastics, beach sediment, Black Sea "
DİJİTALLEŞME SÜRECİNİN GELİŞİMİ VE MUHASEBE UYGULAMALARINA ETKİLERİ YÖNÜNDEN İSTANBUL İLİNDE SMMM’LER ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: MERT Hüseyin , GÜNER Memet , DUYAR Göktuğ
Published: March 2022

Dijital teknolojinin sürekli gelişmesi ile paralel olarak, birçok meslek de bu değişime uyum sağlamakzorunda kalmaktadır. Muhasebe mesleği, bu değişimden en çok etkilenen mesleklerdendir. Bu çalışmayla,dijitalleşme sürecinin gelişimi incelenmiş ve dijitalleşmenin muhasebe uygulamalarına etkileriölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma; İstanbul bölgesinde çalışan Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Müşavirmeslek mensupları üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada anket yöntemi kullanılmış, sonuçlar istatistikiyöntemler kullanılarak test edilmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar açıklanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre,meslek mensuplarının dijital teknoloji ile ilgili gelişmeleri mesleki uygulamalar boyutuyla takip ettiklerive mesleki uygulamalarda önemli ölçüde kullandıkları görülmüştür.
COVID- 19 PANDEMİSİNİN BDS 570 İŞLETMENİN SÜREKLİLİĞİ STANDARDI KAPSAMINDA BİST’TE İŞLEM GÖREN ŞİRKETLERİN DENETİM RAPORLARINA ETKİSİ
Authors: YAROĞLU Zeynep , KURT Ganite
Published: March 2022

2019 Aralık ayında Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde ortaya çıkan ve Mart 2020’de Dünya Sağlık Örgütütarafından pandemi ilan edilen COVID-19, küresel ekonomiyi derinden etkileyerek tüm sektörlerüzerinde yüksek düzeyde belirsizlik doğurmaktadır. Belirsizlik ortamı sonsuz ömre sahip şirketlerinfaaliyetlerini sürdürebilmesi varsayımı üzerinde şüphe oluşturarak, işletmenin sürekliliği esasına dikkatleriçekmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 pandemi döneminde ortaya çıkanönemli belirsizliklerin BDS 570 İşletmenin Sürekliliği Standardı kapsamında bağımsız denetim raporlarınaolan etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Borsa İstanbul’da faaliyet gösteren toplam 391 halka açıkşirketin 30.06.2020 tarihli ara dönem sınırlı denetim raporları ve 31.12.2020 tarihli bağımsız denetimraporları çalışma kapsamına dahil edilmiş ve nitel araştırma tekniklerinden dökümantasyon yöntemiyoluyla incelenmiştir.Araştırma bulguları, halka açık şirketlerden 38’inin 2020 yılı sınırlı denetim raporlarında COVID-19ve etkileri ile ilgili açıklamaya yer verilirken ve/ veya ilgili finansal tablo dipnotlarına dikkat çekilirken, 391 şirketten yalnızca yüzde birinin sınırlı denetim raporunda işletmenin sürekliliği esası ile ilgiliciddi şüphe oluşturan önemli bir belirsizliğin bulunduğu sonucuna varıldığını göstermektedir. 2020yılı bağımsız denetim raporlarından ise 69’unun COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle ortaya çıkan çeşitliolay ve şartlara dikkat çektiği ve işletmenin sürekliliğini devam ettirme kabiliyeti ile ilgili ciddi şüpheoluşturabilecek önemli bir belirsizliğin mevcudiyetini üç bağımsız denetim raporunun açıkladığıanlaşılmaktadır.
Perancangan Jaringan dan Manajemen Bandwidth User dengan Mikrotik di Dinas Kominfo Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Tampubolon Dedi Sanjaya , Hanifah Aprilyani  , Pulungan Ridho Wahyudi
Published: March 2022

Jaringan komputer adalah sekelompok komputer yang menggunakan protokol komunikasi untuk berkomunikasi satu sama lain dan bertukar data atau informasi. Internet juga dapat diartikan sebagai jaringan komputer dalam arti luas. Kebutuhan akses internet pengguna atau user sangat tinggi dan kinerja sistem menurun saat mengirim data karena kondisi internet yang tidak stabil. Oleh karena itu, sangatlah penting mengatur dan membatasi penggunaan bandwidth pada internet yang memiliki koneksi terbatas. Kita perlu membatasi bandwidth untuk setiap pengguna yang terhubung ke router mikrotik. Router mikrotik sendiri memiliki kemampuan untuk membatasi bandwidth yaitu dengan fitur queue. Dengan menggunakan metode simple queue dan queue tree, kita dapat merancang batasan bandwidth yang membuat koneksi Internet di perusahaan atau instansi lebih stabil sehingga setiap user atau pengguna yang menggunakan internet mendapatkan akses yang cukup dengan kebutuhan yang diperlukan.
Could H Index be a Beneficial Prospective Promotion Metric?
Authors: Green Clare , Polmear Michael , Parnes Nata , Dunn John , Scanaliato John
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between Hirsch index and academic rank among shoulder and elbow surgeons affiliated with American Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (ASES) fellowship programs. Additional variables investigated included total number of publications and training program affiliation.

 

Design

Database review

 

Intervention

H-index, total number of publications, academic rank, and fellowship training pedigree for shoulder and elbow surgeons on faculty at ASES fellowship programs.

 

Main Outcome Measurement

Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Variance was assessed using Kruskall-Wallis test for non-parametric data that were not normally distributed due to skew and outliers. Post-hoc analysis on non-normally distributed data was performed using Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction. Median differences for non-normal data were determined by Hodges-Lehman estimation.

 

Results

There is a strong correlation between total number of publications and h-index. Overall, there is a strong association with number of publications, h-index and training program affiliation with higher academic rank, except at the chair/director position. Type of fellowship training was not a significant predictor of academic rank. A higher proportion of junior faculty were found to have faculty appointments with their home training program.

 

Conclusion

H-index and total number of publications are associated with a higher academic rank for full-time shoulder and elbow fellowship affiliated surgeons.
The 1897 Census in the Kingdom of Poland
Authors: Rachwał Piotr
Published: March 2022

The aim of the article is to present the issues relating to the organisation, conduct and processing of the results of the first population census in the Kingdom of Poland in 1897 in a concise way. Although the text focuses on the lands of the Kingdom of Poland which were under the Russian rule the aforementioned issues have been discussed in a broader context of the activity of the central institutions in St. Petersburg. Polish historiography addresses these matters only to a limited extent and very few authors have dealt primarily with the notion of the completeness of census data. The provincial authorities and the Warsaw Statistical Committee played a major role in the preparation and conduct of the census in the Kingdom of Poland. It should be emphasised, however, that the greatest effort related to data collection rested with the lowest-level local government. At the stage of the central preparation of the census results, modern technologies, i.e. Hollerith’s calculating machines, were used. The data that was collected on forms containing 14 questions were coded on special perforated cards, which significantly improved the performance of the relevant calculations. The level at which the census was carried out and its final outcome are assessed relatively high. On the other hand, there are certain reservations as to the credibility of the census results relating to the Kingdom of Poland, the most serious of which concern the reporting of the age, the professional structure, as well as the religion and mother tongue of the respondents.
OS LIMITES DA ORDEM LEGAL EM ABORDAGENS POLICIAIS
Authors: Alves Netto Expedito Evaristo
Published: March 2022

Para haver o crime de desobediência é necessário que o agente desobedeça a uma ordemlegal. Entretanto, não existe no tipo penal referente a este crime nenhuma definição doslimites do que é entendido como ordem legal. A jurisprudência e a doutrina formaram, aolongo do tempo, interpretações que tendem a limitar a ação proibitiva descrita no tipo penal.Este trabalho identificou, a partir dos dados disponibilizados pelo setor de conciliação doJuizado Especial Criminal de Belo Horizonte, procedimentos que foram gerados comoconsequências de condutas que não encontram subsunção com a norma. A análise de dadosdemonstrou que há, de fato, procedimentos gerados por condutas atípicas e que algunsprocedimentos geram transação penal mesmo sendo cabível arquivamento. Além disso, umpadrão específico foi observado entre os crimes de desobediência: a maioria dos autores sãohomens, adultos jovens, sem antecedentes criminais e a maior parte dos crimes acontece ànoite.
OS LIMITES DE RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO DO GESTOR PÚBLICO NAS CONTRATAÇÕES EM VIRTUDE DA PANDEMIA DE CORONAVÍRUS
Authors: Alves Guilherme Firmo da Silveira
Published: March 2022

O Estado possui muitas funções para oferecer o bem-estar da sociedade e tais funções sãofeitas por meio de seus agentes públicos que atuarão com eficiência, moralidade e semprevisando o melhor interesse público. Com a pandemia do Coronavírus, a AdministraçãoPública necessitou tomar decisões mais céleres com o objetivo de salvar vidas e diminuir apropagação do vírus. Logo, durante o processo de tomada de decisões, é possível que oagente público cometa erros por causa da falta de diligências e pela falta de segurançajurídica. Decerto, o gestor público só será responsabilizado em razão de culpa grave ougravíssima. As decisões da administração pública são acompanhadas pelos órgãos de controle,com o objetivo de assegurar o interesse público. Assim, devido ao controle das decisõesadministrativas, o Direito Brasileiro determina um espaço para a responsabilidade do gestorpúblico em virtude de suas decisões; a existência de espaço de tolerância do erro é necessáriapara que se preserve a eficiência e economicidade das atividades públicas. Em cenários deincerteza e urgência como vivido atualmente, a tolerância ao erro deverá ser flexibilizada eanalisada de caso a caso e não de forma geral e genérica. Ademais, em caso de possívelresponsabilização deverá ser verificado de forma minuciosa, garantido o contraditório, ampladefesa do agente público.
AS ILEGALIDADES DAS PRISÕES REALIZADAS PELO RECONHECIMENTO FOTOGRÁFICO E O REFLEXO NO ENCARCERAMENTO DE PESSOAS NEGRAS NO BRASIL
Authors: Mendes Cíntia Gonçalves
Published: March 2022

O reconhecimento de pessoas no Processo Penal brasileiro vem ganhando cada vez mais ênfase no âmbito judicial, e, enquanto meio de prova, tem sido amplamente criticado diante de sua notória fragilidade. A dependência estrita da testemunha e/ou da vítima e de sua capacidade de percepção, de memorizar e reconhecer, além de outros fatores que podem influenciar a realização do procedimento, são indícios da fragilidade na utilização desse meio de prova. Um dos principais argumentos apontados pelos estudos demonstra a vulnerabilidade do resultado do reconhecimento de pessoas, pela incidência das falsas memórias, contudo, este trabalho visa esclarecer como o racismo e a discriminação implicam na falha do reconhecimento de pessoas, afetando em especial a população negra, desencadeando o encarceramento em massa.
Characteristic Polynomials
Authors: Kovács Sándor , György Szilvia , Gyúró Noémi
Published: March 2022

In this chapter, we provide a short overview of the stability properties of polynomials and quasi-polynomials. They appear typically in stability investigations of equilibria of ordinary and retarded differential equations. In the case of ordinary differential equations we discuss the Hurwitz criterion, and its simplified version, the Lineard-Chippart criterion, furthermore the Mikhailov criterion and we show how one can prove the change of stability via the knowledge of the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of the Jacobian of the given autonomous system. In the case of the retarded differential equation we use the Mikhailov criterion in order to estimate the length of the delay for which no stability switching occurs. These results are applied to the stability and Hopf bifurcation of an equilibrium solution of a system of ordinary differential equations as well as of retarded dynamical systems.
Using Shifted Jacobi Polynomials to Handle Boundary Value Problems of Fractional Order
Authors: Shah Kamal , Eiman  , Khalil Hammad , Ali Khan Rahmat , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: March 2022

This paper is concerned about the study of shifted Jacobi polynomials. By means of these polynomials, we construct some operational matrices of fractional order integration and differentiations. Based on these matrices, we develop a numerical scheme for the boundary value problems of fractional order differential equations. The construction of the procedure is new one for the coupled systems of fractional order boundary value problems. In the proposed scheme, we obtain a simple but highly accurate systems of algebraic equations. These systems are easily soluble by means of Matlab or using Mathematica. We provide some examples to which the procedure is applied to verify the applicability of our proposed method.
A Review on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy-Glass Composites Reinforced with Nanoclay
Authors: Kiran Zhade Shanti , Kumar Chokka Syam , Suresh Babu V. , Sai Srinadh K.V.
Published: March 2022

Polymer nanocomposites are currently one of the most rapidly growing families of materials, and they are finding use in a wide range of industrial applications, including aerospace and defense. The broad usage of composites is because of their consolidated mechanical properties. Glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites are available for the last few decades. The idea of adding nano clay into it has emerged in the late first decade of this century. This study is aimed at reporting the effects of the addition of nano clay into GFRP on its mechanical properties. The new composite formed is epoxy-glass composites reinforced with nano clay (EGCN). Nano clay has a crystal structure that facilitates the formation of intercalated and exfoliated mixture with liquid epoxy during mixing which results in good dispersion of Nano clay thereby resulting in improved mechanical properties compared to GFRP. The work done by several researchers in this area and the results obtained are reported in this article. The improved mechanisms of failures were discussed with the addition of nano clays.
Industry 4.0 and Its Implications: Concept, Opportunities, and Future Directions
Authors: Youssef Abdelmajied FathyElsayed
Published: March 2022

This chapter aims to analyze the Industry 4.0 framework, identify the definition and drivers of the Industry 4.0 paradigm, discuss its potential effect, and determine obstacles of the Industry 4.0. For the research methodology, a critical literature review is performed, we relied on the recent studies related to industry 4.0. Findings – This study concluded that Industry 4.0 describes a future production system’s vision; it is an inevitable revolution and radical change, covering a wide range of innovative technologies, and all sectors. Industry 4.0 brings significant advantages to organizations, including real-time data analysis, increased visibility, autonomous monitoring, enhanced productivity, and competitiveness. The key features of Industry 4.0 are collaboration and integration of schemes, both horizontal and vertical. Innovation performs an essential role in organizations, sectors, countries. Industry 4.0 has enormous potential effect in many areas, and its application will have an impact across transforming the work environment. Industry 4.0 leads to potentials in three dimensions of sustainability. The KUKA corporation is an application for industry 4.0, for instance, smart factories, M-2-M, intelligent robots, etc., these technologies help industry 4.0 to separate rapidly. In contrast, there are some barriers, to implementing Industry 4.0 for example financial constraints, technical competency, organizational restraints.
Ballistic Composites, the Present and the Future
Authors: Stupar Stevan
Published: March 2022

In recent decades, the expansion of arms development has initiated the need to increase the protection of people and vehicles from pistol and rifle ammunition. Modern ceramic and ceramic-based materials are lightweight and durable and provide a sufficient level of protection against the penetration and impact of ammunition, which can protect the vital organs of the person. Modern tendencies require the addition of armor to vehicles, which reduces the necessity of excessive bulk steel usage and eliminates large and heavy mass weight amounts. By replacing the armored steel with new ballistic materials, a higher level of ballistic protection could be achieved, as well as reduction of weight, which both allows better mobility and increases the ability of installment of additional battle fighting equipment. Modern ceramic materials used in the production of armor are made by sintering the ceramic powder under certain conditions in a suitable molding tool. The chapter will cover the short material requirements, and material responses to ballistic impact, production methods, and applications. Also, the chapter will include the usage of ceramic fibers, alumina, silicon and boron carbide, titanium diboride, and ballistic materials that consist of a ceramic face bonded to a reinforced plastic laminate or metallic backplate.
Keratinocyte Stem Cells: Role in Aging
Authors: Musarrat Ansary Tuba , Kamiya Koji , Ohtsuki Mamitaro
Published: March 2022

Stem cells located in the skin are responsible for continual regeneration, wound healing, and differentiation of different cell lineages of the skin. The three main locations of skin stem cells are the epidermis, dermis, and hair follicles. The keratinocyte stem cells are located in the epidermal basal layer (the interfollicular stem cells), hair follicle bulge region (the hair follicle stem cells), and sebaceous glands (the sebaceous gland stem cells) and are responsible for the epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The interfollicular (IF) stem cells are responsible for epidermis regeneration by proliferating basal cells that attach to the underlying basement membrane and with time they exit from the cell cycle, start terminal differentiation, and move upward to form the spinous, the granular, and the stratum corneum layers. The hair follicle (HF) stem cells are responsible for hair regeneration and these stem cells undergo a cycle consists three stages; growth cycles (anagen), degeneration (catagen), and relative resting phase (telogen). The sebaceous gland (SG) stem cells located in between the hair follicle bulge and the gland and are responsible for producing the entire sebaceous gland which secretes oils to moisture our skin. The role of epidermal stem cells is extremely crucial because they produce enormous numbers of keratinocytes over a lifetime to maintain epidermal homeostasis. However, the age-associated changes in the skin; for example; alopecia, reduced hair density, gray or thin hair, reduced wound healing capacity are related to skin stem cells’ decline functionality with age.
Pre-Sports Participation Cardiac Screening Evaluation – A Review
Authors: Syamasundar Rao P.
Published: March 2022

Sudden death is associated with sports, while rare is a disastrous event. Sudden death in athletes often has a cardiac etiology. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congenital coronary artery anomalies are the two most frequent causes. The existing recommendations are to perform a pre-spots participation screening consisting of full personal and family history and detailed physical examination. If abnormal findings in history or physical examination are found, additional investigations should be performed to define the nature of abnormalities. Employing an electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, or magnetic resonance imaging as a routine screening technique is not recommended in the US. The rationale of pre-participation screening is to allow as many athletes as feasible to take part in the sports.
Parkinson’s Disease, Headache and Pain
Authors: E. Lenaerts Marc
Published: March 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a vast and complex syndrome. Far more than a mere disorder of motor function, it encompasses autonomic, cognitive, emotional and systemic symptoms. Moreover, pain has increasingly been recognized as an associated feature. Within pain and headache, migraine can bear a unique relation with PD. We hereby review the scientific literature on the relation between PD, pain and migraine and analyze the pathophysiological underpinnings and suggest adjustments in the management to tentatively improve clinical outcomes in this setting.
Targeting EGFR Tyrosine Kinase: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Quinazolinone Derivatives
Authors: Nematpour Manijeh , Rezaee Elham , Nazari Maryam , Hosseini Omid , Tabatabai Sayyed Abbas
Published: March 2022

: Impaired cell cycle regulation and disturbance in signal transduction pathway are two major causes of a condition defined as cancer, one of the significant reasons for mortality worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have been commonly used as anticancer agents, and the majority of this medications possess quinazoline moiety as a heteroaromatic core. In this study, two novel series of EGFR-TKIs containing quinazolinone core were designed and synthesized. Most compounds showed reasonable inhibitory activity against EGFR-TK compared to that of erlotinib, a reversible inhibitor of this enzyme. Compound 8b, 2-((2-chlorobenzyl)amino)-6-phenoxyquinazolin-4(1H)-one, with an IC50 value of 1.37 nM exhibited the highest potency. Molecular docking study of compound 8b showed that it had the same direction of erlotinib and formed proper hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the important amino acid residues of the active site. Based on in-silico calculations of ADME properties, our novel compounds have the potential to be orally active agents.
The Relationship Between Women’s Satisfaction with Personnel’s Support During Labor, Fear of Childbirth, and Duration of Labor Stages
Authors: Jameei-Moghaddam Massoumeh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The main role of women’s caregivers is to provide supportive care. This research aimed to determine the relationship between women’s satisfaction with personnel’s support during labor, fear of childbirth, and duration of labor stages. Methods: Following a cross-sectional design, this study was performed on 301 women at Taleghani and Alzahra hospitals of Tabriz, Iran. Fear of childbirth was assessed using Delivery Fear Scale (DFS) at 3 - 4 cm dilatation, and satisfaction with the personnel’s support was measured with Mackey’s satisfaction scale within 12 - 24 hours after delivery. The partograph diagram was used to assess the duration of the labor stages. The Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. Results: The mean ± SD score of satisfaction with personnel’s support equaled 52.12 ± 13.9 (score range: 17 to 85), and the mean score of FSD equaled 40.2 ± 20.2 (score range: 10 to 100). Satisfaction with the personnel’s support showed a significant negative correlation with the fear of childbirth (r = -0.782, P < 0.001), duration of the active phase of labor (r = -0.14, P = 0.013), and total duration of labor (r = -0.14, P = 0.013). The multiple linear regression model indicated that fear of childbirth (β = -0.53; 95% CI: -0.58 to -0.48; P < 0.001) and total duration of labor (β = -0.007, 95% CI: -0.013 to -0.001; P = 0.029) were inversely related with the women’s satisfaction with the personnel’s support. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the FOC and prolonged labor can decrease satisfaction with the personnel’s support during labor.
Aquinas’s Third Way
Authors: Kerr Gaven ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2022

Aquinas’s Five Ways are often presented as standard cosmological arguments for God’s existence. They tend to be anthologized and presented independently of the metaphysical thought that informs them. Thus, when Aquinas deploys technical metaphysical issues in his articulation of the ways, the contemporary reader may have trouble interpreting them correctly. This is particularly the case when Aquinas uses terminology familiar to a contemporary reader that nevertheless should be understood within the context of Aquinas’s own metaphysical thought. The Third Way is particularly challenging in this respect since it trades on modal notions that are familiar within a post-Leibnizian philosophical context but do not carry the same philosophical connotations. With that in mind, I propose to present a reading of the Third Way that is rooted within Aquinas’s own metaphysical thought and is defensible as an argument for God’s existence.
W. E. B. Du Bois’s Socialism
Authors: Basevich Elvira ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: March 2022

W. E. B. Du Bois’s socialism has provoked debate for decades. His democratic theory and critique of political economy champions democratic socialism. In this article, I offer a philosophical reconstruction of the normative foundation of his democratic socialism in three steps. First, I argue that his philosophy of the modern democratic state supports the people’s advance of the principle of free and equal citizenship or civic equality. Next, I present his critique of the modern American welfare state, which asserts the fair value of political liberty and democratic control over productive activities. Finally, I introduce the method of the excluded groups from Darkwater as an ideal procedure for guiding democratic deliberation in a profoundly nonideal public sphere. The method foregrounds the voices of excluded groups to correct asymmetrical relations of practical power and to infuse democratic reason with practical intelligence, namely, new content and values that can lead to the development of a democratic socialist state.
Socializing the Means of Free Development
Authors: Gould Carol C. ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: March 2022

This paper investigates the import for a conception of democratic socialism of Marx’s well-known principle “From each according to their abilities, to each according to their needs,” arguing that it is best taken together with another of his principles: “The free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.” It considers their implications for the near term rather than some possible ultimate form of communal society, and also brings in a principle that I have developed previously—equal positive freedom—which in some ways synthesizes the other two. In analyzing the abilities and needs principle, the notion and extent of needs are explicated, seeing them as including not only material needs, but needs for recognition and for relationships. Marx’s crucial insight that distribution largely depends on the organization of the production process also comes into play. On these bases, the paper proposes that a system of democratically managed firms forms the centerpiece for democratic socialism, supplemented by some other institutions that would work to meet basic needs. The paper also proposes a role for the norms of reciprocity and solidarity, in addition to those of freedom and equality that are most evident in the three principles. Finally, the relative inattention to social reproduction in the early Marxist tradition is addressed with an interpretation of the notion of socializing care and a consideration of its import for institutional design, including cooperative ways of providing such care. Throughout, Marx’s distinctive notions of social individuality, socialized wealth, and the free development of individuals are appealed to for the guidance they can provide for interpreting the abilities/needs principle for the period ahead.
Themselves Must Strike the Blow
Authors: Gourevitch Alex ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: March 2022

Socialists know that they ought to defend strikes, but why? The best argument is that strikes are acts of self-emancipation. The ideal of self-emancipation lies at the heart of socialist political theory. It is up to workers to emancipate themselves, not just because it takes class power to overthrow capitalism, but because there is an intrinsic connection between class struggle and socialist freedom. Workers can only possess and exercise the freedoms they are denied, but ought to enjoy, if they demand that freedom for themselves, through their own, collective activity. Strikes are an essential way of both winning and exercising those denied freedoms. They are therefore a path to, and partial realization of, the ideal of self-emancipation to which socialists are, or ought to be, committed.
What Is Economic Liberty?
Authors: O’Shea Tom ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: March 2022

Economic liberty is best understood in opposition to economic domination. This article develops a radical republican conception of such domination. In particular, I argue that radical republicanism provides a more satisfactory account of individual economic freedom than the market-friendly liberties of working, transacting, holding, and using championed by Nickel and Tomasi. So too, it avoids the pitfalls of other conceptions of economic liberty which emphasize real freedom, alternatives to immiserating work, or unalienated labor. The resulting theory holds that economic domination occurs when someone’s access to civic capabilities is contingent on the arbitrary economic power of others. Socialist institutions—suitably configured—can deliver on this individual economic freedom, allowing the dominating power of proprietors, shareholders, landlords, and managers to be kept in check, and providing an unconditional minimum that allows individual citizens to be less beholden to others in meeting many of their most fundamental civic needs. Thus, I conclude that socialism can be championed as a politics of individual economic liberty.
Value over Volume: Maximizing Resources by Prioritizing Value: The Dubai Healthcare Experience
Authors: Naser Fargaly Mohammad , Al Dallal Sara , Pitts Peter J
Published: March 2022

The mission of the Dubai Health Authority is to transform healthcare delivery by fostering innovative and integrated care models and enhancing community engagement. The Authority’s programs are designed to move the emirate’s healthcare system forward by being mutually supportive, constituency inclusive, accountable and outcomes-based. Dubai’s healthcare policy leadership has adopted a strategy to drive and ensure compliance and accountability through an innovative health governance framework. At its core, Dubai’s healthcare strategy begins with its Care Model Innovation Program. This key initiative is designed to promote innovation and efficiency and ensure that Dubai residents (citizens) and visitors (non-citizen residents) have access to high quality services across the continuum of care.
Using Lean Startup to Discover Customers in the mHealth Industry: Current Landscape and Challenges
Authors: B. Eppley Hannah , Zhou Waymond , Wilson Grant Alexander , Toscani Michael , York John M.
Published: March 2022

As technology evolves rapidly, there is a need to integrate these advancements into healthcare.1 Mobile health (mHealth) allows digital health technology to be readily accessible to patients and healthcare providers through mobile applications (apps). mHealth, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries share a patient-centric framework. However, the latter two business sectors have been historically slow to adopt digital innovations.1,2 The lean startup is a methodology aimed at helping companies traverse uncertainty through a series of hypotheses surrounding the customer. This approach can provide an avenue for the pharmaceutical industry to develop mHealth apps.

This article addresses the question of how pharmaceutical firms can enhance customer engagement with their mHealth apps. This discussion provides an overview of the mHealth market drivers and barriers. It proffers potential solutions for using the lean startup methodology to identify customer needs to enable organizations to develop apps more efficiently, identify optimal market segments and business models, improve their bottom line, and reduce unnecessary resource expenditures. It also posits the need for further research and pilot projects to evaluate lean startups in the mHealth industry.
Implementation of DevSecOps for a microservices-based application with service mesh
Authors: Chandramouli Ramaswamy
Published: March 2022

Cloud-native applications have evolved into a standardized architecture consisting of multiple loosely coupled components called microservices (often typically implemented as containers) that are supported by an infrastructure for providing application services, such as service mesh. Both of these components are usually hosted on a container orchestration and resource management platform. In this architecture, the entire set of source code involved in the application environment can be divided into five code types: 1) application code (which embodies the application logic), 2) application services code (for services such as session establishment, network connection, etc.), 3) infrastructure as code (for provisioning and configuring computing, networking, and storage resources), 4) policy as code (for defining runtime policies such as zero trust expressed as a declarative code), 5) and observability as code (for the continuous monitoring of an application runtime state). Due to security, business competitiveness, and the inherent structure of loosely coupled application components, this class of applications needs a different development, deployment, and runtime paradigm. DevSecOps (consisting of acronyms for Development, Security, and Operations, respectively) has been found to be a facilitating paradigm for these applications with primitives such as continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines. These pipelines are workflows for taking the developer s source code through various stages, such as building, testing, packaging, deployment, and operations supported by automated tools with feedback mechanisms. The objective of this document is to provide guidance for the implementation of DevSecOps primitives for cloud-native applications with the architecture and code types described above. The benefits of this approach for high security assurance and for enabling continuous authority to operate (C-ATO) are also discussed.
Translating Liaison Librarians to the Scientific Community
Authors: Atkins Jessica , Badger Kelsey , Jordan Claire , Nelsen Hannah G. , Ozment Katerina , Young Olivia
Published: March 2022

Objective: This study explores the root causes that undermine successful collaborations between scientists and their library liaisons to improve outreach to this population.

Methods: This paper uses the Five Whys Technique to explore the reasons why many scientists are unaware of the breadth of services offered by liaison librarians. Existing outreach strategies that address these obstacles are interpreted through the lens of implementation science theories and process models, including Normalization Process Theory.

Results: A total of four recommendations—two for liaison librarians and two for libraries as institutions—are provided to enhance the perceived value of liaison services. The recommendations for individuals include aiming to understand scientists’ needs more comprehensively and actively increasing the visibility of services that respond to those needs. Those for libraries focus on cross-functional teams and new forms of assessment.

Conclusions: These recommendations emphasize the benefits of collaboration to liaisons, to library programs at large, and to the faculty that liaisons serve. Implementation science can help librarians to understand why certain outreach strategies bring success, and how new services can be implemented more effectively.
Critical role for isoprenoids in apicoplast biogenesis by malaria parasites
Authors: Okada Megan , Rajaram Krithika , Swift Russell P , Mixon Amanda , Maschek John Alan , Prigge Sean T , Sigala Paul A
Published: March 2022

Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) is an essential metabolic output of the apicoplast organelle in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites and is required for prenylation-dependent vesicular trafficking and other cellular processes. We have elucidated a critical and previously uncharacterized role for IPP in apicoplast biogenesis. Inhibiting IPP synthesis blocks apicoplast elongation and inheritance by daughter merozoites, and apicoplast biogenesis is rescued by exogenous IPP and polyprenols. Knockout of the only known isoprenoid-dependent apicoplast pathway, tRNA prenylation by MiaA, has no effect on blood-stage parasites and thus cannot explain apicoplast reliance on IPP. However, we have localized an annotated polyprenyl synthase (PPS) to the apicoplast. PPS knockdown is lethal to parasites, rescued by IPP and long- (C50) but not short-chain (≤C20) prenyl alcohols, and blocks apicoplast biogenesis, thus explaining apicoplast dependence on isoprenoid synthesis. We hypothesize that PPS synthesizes long-chain polyprenols critical for apicoplast membrane fluidity and biogenesis. This work critically expands the paradigm for isoprenoid utilization in malaria parasites and identifies a novel essential branch of apicoplast metabolism suitable for therapeutic targeting.
Aggregation pheromone 4-vinylanisole promotes the synchrony of sexual maturation in female locusts
Authors: Chen Dafeng , Hou Li , Wei Jianing , Guo Siyuan , Cui Weichan , Yang Pengcheng , Kang Le , Wang Xianhui
Published: March 2022

Reproductive synchrony generally occurs in various group-living animals. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, a worldwide agricultural pest species, displays synchronous maturation and oviposition when forms huge swarm. The reproductive synchrony among group members is critical for the maintenance of locust swarms and population density of next generation. Here, we showed that gregarious female locusts displayed more synchronous sexual maturation and oviposition than solitarious females and olfactory deficiency mutants. Only the presence of gregarious male adults can stimulate sexual maturation synchrony of female adults. Of the volatiles emitted abundantly by gregarious male adults, the aggregation pheromone, 4-vinylanisole, was identified to play key role in inducing female sexual maturation synchrony. This maturation-accelerating effect of 4-vinylanisole disappeared in the females of Or35-/- lines, the mutants of 4-vinylanisole receptor. Interestingly, 4-vinylanisole displayed a time window action by which mainly accelerates oocyte maturation of young females aged at middle developmental stages (3–4 days post adult eclosion). We further revealed that juvenile hormone/vitellogenin pathway mediated female sexual maturation triggered by 4-vinylanisole. Our results highlight a ‘catch-up’ strategy by which gregarious females synchronize their oocyte maturation and oviposition by time-dependent endocrinal response to 4-vinylanisole, and provide insight into reproductive synchrony induced by olfactory signal released by heterosexual conspecifics in a given group.
Dynamic guided metric representation learning for multi-view clustering
Authors: Zheng Tingyi , Zhang Yilin , Wang Yuhang
Published: March 2022

Multi-view clustering (MVC) is a mainstream task that aims to divide objects into meaningful groups from different perspectives. The quality of data representation is the key issue in MVC. A comprehensive meaningful data representation should be with the discriminant characteristics in a single view and the correlation of multiple views. Considering this, a novel framework called Dynamic Guided Metric Representation Learning for Multi-View Clustering (DGMRL-MVC) is proposed in this paper, which can cluster multi-view data in a learned latent discriminated embedding space. Specifically, in the framework, the data representation can be enhanced by multi-steps. Firstly, the class separability is enforced with Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA) within each single view, while the consistence among different views is enhanced based on Hilbert-Schmidt independence criteria (HSIC). Then, the 1st enhanced representation is obtained. In the second step, a dynamic routing mechanism is introduced, in which the location or direction information is added to fulfil the expression. After that, a generalized canonical correlation analysis (GCCA) model is used to get the final ultimate common discriminated representation. The learned fusion representation can substantially improve multi-view clustering performance. Experiments validated the effectiveness of the proposed method for clustering tasks.