bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rater agreement study on measurements in cross-sectional CBCT images exploring the association between alveolar bone morphology and craniofacial height
Authors: Klinge Anna , Al-Okshi Ayman , Becktor Jonas , Lindh Christina
Published: December 2020

Objectives

To investigate rater agreement regarding measurements of height and width of the maxilla and mandible using cross-sectional images from CBCT examinations. Furthermore, to explore the association between vertical craniofacial height and alveolar bone morphology.

Methods

Pre-treatment CBCT scans from 450 patients referred for treatment to a private clinic for orthodontics and oral surgery in Scandinavia were available and of these, 180 were selected. Lateral head images were generated from the CBCT volumes to categorise subjects into three groups based on their craniofacial height. Cross-sectional images of the maxillary and mandibular bodies at three locations in the maxilla and mandible, respectively, were obtained and measured at one height and two width recordings by five raters. One-way analysis of variance with a Tukey post hoc test was performed. A significance level of 5% was used.

Results

Rater agreement was mostly excellent or good when measuring height and width of the maxilla and mandible in cross-sectional CBCT images. For height (of the alveolar bone/bodies), there were statistically significant differences between the low- and the high-angle groups for all the observers when measuring in the premolar and midline regions, both in the maxilla and in the mandible.

Conclusion

The high agreement found ensures a reliable measurement technique and confirms the relation between craniofacial height and alveolar bone height and width.
Comparative toxicity assessment of in situ burn residues to initial and dispersed heavy fuel oil using zebrafish embryos as test organisms
Authors: Johann Sarah , Goßen Mira , Mueller Leonie , Selja Valentina , Gustavson Kim , Fritt-Rasmussen Janne , Wegeberg Susse , Ciesielski Tomasz Maciej , Jenssen Bjørn Munro , Hollert Henner , Seiler Thomas-Benjamin
Published: December 2020

In situ burning (ISB) is discussed to be one of the most suitable response strategies to combat oil spills in extreme conditions. After burning, a highly viscous and sticky residue is left and may over time pose a risk of exposing aquatic biota to toxic oil compounds. Scientific information about the impact of burn residues on the environment is scarce. In this context, a comprehensive ISB field experiment with approx. 1000L IFO 180 was conducted in a fjord in Greenland. The present study investigated the toxicity of collected ISB residues to early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model for potentially exposed pelagic organisms. The toxicity of ISB residues on zebrafish embryos was compared with the toxicity of the initial (unweathered) IFO 180 and chemically dispersed IFO 180. Morphological malformations, hatching success, swimming behavior, and biomarkers for exposure (CYP1A activity, AChE inhibition) were evaluated in order to cover the toxic response on different biological organization levels. Across all endpoints, ISB residues did not induce greater toxicity in zebrafish embryos compared with the initial oil. The application of a chemical dispersant increased the acute toxicity most likely due to a higher bioavailability of dissolved and particulate oil components. The results provide insight into the adverse effects of ISB residues on sensitive life stages of fish in comparison with chemical dispersant application.
Correction to: Variance of Lattice Point Counting in Thin Annuli
Authors: Colzani Leonardo , Gariboldi Bianca , Gigante Giacomo
Published: December 2020

The original version of the article unfortunately contained an error in the acknowledgments section. The corrected Acknowledgements is given below.
Study on the thermal load of the laser impulse metal bonding process to the metallized thermal sensitive substrate
Authors: Chung W.-S. , Nagel F. , Olowinsky A. , Gillner A.
Published: December 2020

The laser impulse metal bonding (LIMBO) process opens a new possibility to join a thick interconnector on a thin metal layer which lays on a sensitive substrate such as epoxy resin (FR4) material. Since the FR4 tolerates only limited amount of the thermal load during the joining process, the LIMBO process applies a novel approach to separate the melting and joining phase. Hence, the thermal load on the underlying substrate during the joining phase is minimized and therefore allows a welding approach even for electric as well as electronic components. However, the substrate is thermally affected due to the heat conduction which is induced during the joining phase. In this paper, the thermal cycle induced to the sensitive substrate during the LIMBO process and the overlap welding process for enlarging the weld joint area will be investigated. To evaluate the maximal amount of thermal load on the sensitive substrate below a thin copper layer by given setting, the thermal destruction threshold of substrate is exceeded on purpose. For the understanding of the heat distribution during the joining stage, the experimental results are validated with simulation results.
Review on vibration control in tall buildings: from the perspective of devices and applications
Authors: Kavyashree BG , Patil Shantharam , Rao Vidya S.
Published: December 2020

Permanent construction has evolved from the Palaeolithic age to today’s skyscrapers. Constructing the structure, which promises occupants safety, has become a concern because of the uncertainties in nature. Therefore in recent years, attention has been given to the development of structural protective devices that could take care of the external loads. Structural control against the wind and earthquake load has been seriously studied where the structure behaves differently for wind and earthquake load has been briefly discussed in this paper. Initially, paper discusses the history of the construction and the passive control system, which was used in structural control, is briefly discussed in this paper. Also, the implementation of active control has been discussed which was introduced later in the structural control for more effective control. But the limitations of the passive and active control system have introduced semi-active control and also the hybrid control strategy. The two mechanisms are put together in the semi-active and hybrid system to obtain all advantages of the algorithm along with overcoming their limitations. The review also briefs about stochastic vibrational control of the structure where randomness is considered in external loads, parameter of the system and also in the external devices which are implemented in the structural control. As construction sector is a complex system, big data analysis, a new field in structural control system is discussed and future scope is also mentioned.
Community norms for the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) among cisgender bisexual plus women and men
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Compte Emilio J. , Murray Stuart B. , Schauer Rebecca , Pak Erica , Flentje Annesa , Capriotti Matthew R. , Lubensky Micah E. , Lunn Mitchell R. , Obedin-Maliver Juno
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Cisgender bisexual plus (including bisexual, pansexual, and polysexual) women and men experience unique health concerns including eating disorders. The purpose of this study was to develop community norms for eating disorder attitudes and disordered eating behaviors in cisgender bisexual plus women and men using the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q).

Methods

Participants were cisgender bisexual plus women (n = 462) and men (n = 93) participants in The PRIDE Study, an existing study of sexual and gender minority people.

Results

Mean and standard deviation of EDE-Q scores among cisgender bisexual plus women and men, respectively, were: Global (1.75 ± 1.26, 1.56 ± 1.18), Restraint (1.34 ± 1.44, 1.42 ± 1.53), Eating Concern (0.96 ± 1.13, 0.63 ± 0.96), Weight Concern 2.27 ± 1.55, 1.89 ± 1.46), and Shape Concern 42 ± 1.62, 2.30 ± 1.57). Among cisgender bisexual plus women and men, respectively, 27.5% and 22.6% scored in the clinically significant range on the Global score. Bisexual plus women and men reported any occurrence (≥ 1/28 days) of dietary restraint (19.3%, 23.7%), objective binge episodes (11.1%, 10.8%), excessive exercise (4.5%, 5.4%), self-induced vomiting (1.7%, 0.0%), and laxative misuse (0.4%, 1.1%), respectively. A lower percentage of age-matched cisgender bisexual plus women (18–25 years) reported any occurrence of objective binge episodes, self-induced vomiting, laxative misuse, and excessive exercise than previously published in young women. Age-matched cisgender bisexual plus men (18–26 years) reported higher weight concern subscale scores than previously published in young men.

Conclusions

These norms should aid clinicians in applying and interpreting the EDE-Q scores of cisgender bisexual plus women and men.

Level of evidence

Level V: cross-sectional descriptive study
International and European Disability Law and Policy
Authors: Broderick Andrea , Ferri Delia
Published: December 2020

In this first textbook on international and European disability law and policy, Broderick and Ferri analyse the interaction between different legal systems and sources. Guided by the global legal standards of the CRPD, students are equipped with the necessary background on disability, and are given a comprehensive overview of the legal and policy frameworks on disability. The narrative maintains the balance between theory and practice, focusing on the legal framework and challenges in the realm of policy-making, and ensuring that students are aware of current legal debates and controversial issues in the field. Accommodating different learning styles, the book employs a range of accessible features which include learning outcomes for each chapter, problem questions, group activities, extracts from legal debates and more. Including case studies and examples from around the world, this book has a truly global perspective, suitable for introductory and advanced modules in law departments, as well as interdisciplinary courses.
International Law
Authors: Klabbers Jan
Published: December 2020

Written by one of the world's leading international lawyers, this is the new and updated edition of Jan Klabbers' landmark textbook. International law can be defined as 'the rules governing the legal relationship between nations and states', but in reality it is much more complex, with political, diplomatic and socio-economic factors shaping the law and its application. This refreshingly clear, concise textbook encourages students to view international law as a dynamic system of organising the world. Bringing international law back to its first principles, the book is organised around four questions: Where does it come from? To whom does it apply? How does it resolve conflict? And what does it say? Building on these questions with both academic rigour and clarity of expression, Professor Klabbers breathes life and energy into the subject. Footnotes point students to the wider academic debate while chapter introductions and final remarks reinforce learning. This third edition includes references to new case-law and literature, and features brief discussions on recent topics of general interest, including Brexit and the worldwide outbreak of the Coronavirus.
Retrospective Benefit–Cost Analysis of Security-Enhancing and Cost-Saving Technologies
Authors: Farrow Scott , von Winterfeldt Detlof
Published: December 2020

Research and development (R&D) planners in homeland security agencies would like to be able to prioritize investments in projects based on costs versus future safety and security benefits. While costs are often readily available, estimates of safety and security benefits are fraught with uncertainty. To address these challenges, a benefit–cost model of technological change is adapted to the homeland security context. Data are sparse; therefore, estimation is facilitated by developing a familiar linear welfare model using derivatives of cost and risk reduction functions to estimate areas of costs and benefits. The theoretical model is applied to two homeland security projects involving airport patrols and the assignment of U.S. federal air marshals to international flights. Retrospective data are available for most periods. Welfare-based rates of return are reported for the two cases, each of which is estimated to return large present value net benefits. Extensive sensitivity and Monte Carlo simulation explores uncertainties. Two important findings are that (i) given the rationality assumption, relative increases in security levels can be valued, even if the absolute level of security is not known; and (ii) large uncertainties about risk reduction exist but can be bounded by parametric sensitivity and uncertainty analysis.
Mainstream Sell-Outs? How Collaboration with the Radical Right Changes Perceptions of Party Positions on Immigration
Authors: Hjermitslev Ida B.
Published: December 2020

European mainstream right parties are increasingly choosing to include radical right parties in coalition governments or other types of stable and committed cooperation. How does this cooperation affect voters’ perceptions of party positions? This article examines whether coalition signals have a significant impact on voters’ perceptions of the specific policy issues that were at stake in the bargaining process. More specifically, does the issue ownership of the radical right cause voters to perceive mainstream parties as radicalizing on immigration issues pertaining to asylum and multiculturalism? I compare the perceptions of Dutch parties before and after two coalition formations that (formally and informally) involved a radical right party: the coalition with the List Pim Fortuyn in 2002 and the support agreement with the Freedom Party in 2010. Furthermore, I examine the long-term effects of the Danish mainstream right government's reliance on the support of the radical right Danish People's Party in 2001–11.
Snowballing or wilting? What affects public support for varying models of basic income?
Authors: Chrisp Joe , Pulkka Ville-Veikko , Rincón García Leire
Published: December 2020

Recently, the idea of a universal basic income has received unprecedented attention from policymakers, the media and the wider public. This has inspired a plethora of surveys that seek to measure the extent of public support for the policy, many of which suggest basic income is surprisingly popular. However, in a review of past surveys, with a focus on the UK and Finland, we find that overall levels of support for basic income can vary considerably. We highlight the importance of survey design and, by employing new survey data in each country, compare the levels and determinants of support for varied models of basic income. Our results point to the importance of the multi-dimensionality of basic income and the fragility of public support for the idea. The findings suggest that the ability of political actors to mobilise the public in favour of basic income will eventually depend on the precise model they wish to implement.
Learning at work: a model of learning and development for younger workers
Authors: Mason Robyn , Brougham David
Published: December 2020

In rapidly changing work environments, individuals need a willingness and ability to learn new skills and knowledge to contribute to their organization's goals and their own employability. As the baby-boomer generation begins to exit the workplace, organizations need to pay attention to developing the capability of younger, novice workers who will increasingly comprise the core workforce of the future. The present study, grounded in social cognitive theory, develops and examines a model of learning and development for younger workers. In total, 1,732 employees in New Zealand aged 16–24 years completed a survey relating to their perceptions, beliefs, and intentions regarding learning and development. The results from structural equation modeling show that individual and work-environment factors both influence younger workers' developmental intentions but affect this through different pathways. The study contributes to a better understanding of the development process for younger workers and offers implications for management based on these findings.
ERRONEOUSLY OLD RADIOCARBON AGES FROM TERRESTRIAL POLLEN CONCENTRATES IN YELLOWSTONE LAKE, WYOMING, USA
Authors: Schiller Christopher M , Whitlock Cathy , Elder Kathryn L , Iverson Nels A , Abbott Mark B
Published: December 2020

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of pollen concentrates is often used in lake sediment records where large, terrestrial plant remains are unavailable. Ages produced from chemically concentrated pollen as well as manually picked Pinaceae grains in Yellowstone Lake (Wyoming) sediments were consistently 1700–4300 cal years older than ages established by terrestrial plant remains, tephrochronology, and the age of the sediment-water interface. Previous studies have successfully utilized the same laboratory space and methods, suggesting the source of old-carbon contamination is specific to these samples. Manually picking pollen grains precludes admixture of non-pollen materials. Furthermore, no clear source of old pollen grains occurs on the deglaciated landscape, making reworking of old pollen grains unlikely. High volumes of CO2are degassed in the Yellowstone Caldera, potentially introducing old carbon to pollen. While uptake of old CO2through photosynthesis is minor (F14C approximately 0.99), old-carbon contamination may still take place in the water column or in surficial lake sediments. It remains unclear, however, what mechanism allows for the erroneous ages of highly refractory pollen grains while terrestrial plant remains were unaffected. In the absence of a satisfactory explanation for erroneously old radiocarbon ages from pollen concentrates, we propose steps for further study.
A large pteranodontid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Eastern Europe
Authors: Averianov Alexander O , Arkhangelsky Maxim S
Published: December 2020

The Campanian Beloe Ozero locality within the Rybushka Formation in Saratov Province, Russia, is one of the richest and most diverse Upper Cretaceous pterosaur localities in Europe. It produces identifiable remains of Pteranodontidae indet. and Azhdarchidae indet., as well as bones which can be attributed to either of these groups. The pteranodontid specimens from the Beloe Ozero locality described in this paper include a cervical III, distal scapula, humerus deltopectoral crest, proximal syncarpal, preaxial carpal and complete femur. Based on the femur and proximal syncarpal, the wingspan estimate for the Beloe Ozero pteranodontid varies from 5.2 to 6.5 m.Volgadraco bogolubovi, known from the neighbouring Shyrokii Karamysh locality of the same formation and attributed previously to the Azhdarchidae, is more likely pteranodontid than azhdarchid. The other putative records of the Pteranodontidae in the Late Cretaceous of North America, Europe and Asia are discussed. Pteranodontid pterosaurs had a much wider distribution on the northern continents in the Late Cretaceous than previously thought.
Indian dairy farmers' willingness to pay for sexed semen
Authors: Verma Kumari Vijaya Sneh , Garai Sanchita , Maiti Sanjit , Meena B. S. , Bhakat Mukesh , Kadian K. S.
Published: December 2020

Sexed semen is one of the newest reproductive technologies available for dairy farmers and can fulfil their desire to produce a high percentage of female calves. The present study was designed to define the willingness of Indian dairy farmers to pay for sexed semen. Hence, 120 small holder dairy farmers and 90 commercial dairy farmers were randomly selected from Karnal and Yamunanagar districts in North-western Haryana, where there is a high proportion of crossbred dairy cattle. Willingness to pay for sexed semen was evaluated by a contingent valuation method and its determinants by an interval regression model. The majority of the small holder dairy farmers (81.67%) were willing to pay for sexed semen and they were ready to pay around INR 340 per sexed semen straw. Almost all (99%) of the commercial dairy farmers were willing to pay around INR 770 per sexed semen straw, i.e. more than double the value identified by small holder dairy farmers. Among all the predictors fitted in the interval regression model to explain the willingness to pay for sexed semen by the commercial dairy farmers, namely education level, herd size and attitude towards public extension systems, were positive and significant contributors. Our findings may help to identify what subsidy is required to promote sexed semen among dairy farmers, and as a consequence further improve breeding policies by introducing this new livestock production technology with the active participation of the dairy farmers.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation neurophysiology of patients with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kinjo Megumi , Wada Masataka , Nakajima Shinichiro , Tsugawa Sakiko , Nakahara Tomomi , Blumberger Daniel M. , Mimura Masaru , Noda Yoshihiro
Published: December 2020

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental illness with high socio-economic burden, but its pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. Recently, the cortical excitatory and inhibitory imbalance hypothesis and neuroplasticity hypothesis have been proposed for MDD. Although several studies have examined the neurophysiological profiles in MDD using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a meta-analysis of TMS neurophysiology has not been performed. The objective of this study was to compare TMS-electromyogram (TMS-EMG) findings between patients with MDD and healthy controls (HCs). To this end, we examined whether patients with MDD have lower short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI) which reflects gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor-mediated activity, lower cortical silent period (CSP) which represents GABAB receptor-mediated activity, higher intracortical facilitation (ICF) which reflects glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated activity, and the lower result of paired associative stimulation (PAS) paradigm which shows the level of neuroplasticity in comparison with HC. Further, we explored the effect of clinical and demographic factors that may influence TMS neurophysiological indices. We first searched and identified research articles that conducted single- or paired-pulse TMS-EMG on patients with MDD and HC. Subsequently, we extracted the data from the included studies and meta-analyzed the data with the comprehensive meta-analysis software. Patients with MDD were associated with lower SICI, lower CSP, potentially higher ICF, and lower PAS compared with HC. Our results confirmed the proposed hypotheses, suggesting the usefulness of TMS neurophysiology as potential diagnostic markers of MDD.
INSIDE THE CASTS OF THE POMPEIAN VICTIMS: RESULTS FROM THE FIRST SEASON OF THE POMPEII CAST PROJECT IN 2015
Authors: Lazer Estelle , Welch Kathryn , Vu Dzung , Vu Manh , Middleton Alain , Canigliula Roberto , Luyck Stijn , Babino Giovanni , Osanna Massimo
Published: December 2020

The first casts of the forms of Pompeian victims of the AD 79 eruption of Mt Vesuvius were successfully achieved under the directorship of Giuseppe Fiorelli in 1863. To date, 104 individuals have been cast by restorers and archaeologists during the course of excavation. The methods used to obtain these casts were not well documented. It was always assumed that plaster or lime cement was merely poured into voids which preserved the impression of organic remains buried in the ash that covered the site during the catastrophe. It was also assumed that the undisturbed skeletal remains of victims were encased within the casts. The initial aim of the Pompeii Cast Project was to study these bones to build on and test the results of an earlier study of the large sample of Pompeian human remains that were disarticulated by post-excavation activities. Apart from providing information about the people who did not manage to escape the eruption, the project aimed to challenge previous interpretations of the lives and activities of these victims that were solely based on superficial inspection and circumstantial evidence.

Twenty-six casts were subjected to CT scanning or X-ray analysis in 2015. The results were unexpected. It was clear that the casts had been considerably manipulated. Bones were often removed prior to casting, and other elements had been introduced. This ongoing project has now been expanded to establish how these casts were achieved, to better understand nineteenth- and twentieth-century archaeological and restoration practice.
LAS TRABAJADORAS INDUSTRIALES DE BUENOS AIRES Y LA DESIGUALDAD SALARIAL DE GÉNERO (1903–1942). NUEVOS DATOS Y UNA AGENDA DE INVESTIGACIÓN
Authors: Cuesta Eduardo Martín
Published: December 2020

Desde hace algunos años se avanza en investigaciones sobre la evolución, causas y consecuencias de la desigualdad. En ese marco, la desigualdad salarial ha recibido gran atención dadas sus implicancias en relación con las políticas económicas, el crecimiento y el desarrollo. En este artículo se presentan nuevas series y análisis acerca de la desigualdad salarial de género en la industria de la ciudad de Buenos Aires entre 1903 y 1942. Se propone cubrir un área vacante en los estudios del mundo laboral femenino, siempre complejo, y aún más en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Esta aproximación es una aportación a los estudios sobre la desigualdad de género en Argentina, que permitirá comparaciones con otros espacios y regiones.
Development of a decisional flowchart for meaningful patient involvement in Health Technology Assessment
Authors: Toledo-Chávarri Ana , Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Álvarez-Pérez Yolanda , Perestelo-Pérez Lilisbeth , Triñanes Pego Yolanda , Serrano Aguilar Pedro ,   On behalf of the Patient Involvement Interest Group of the Spanish Network for Health Technology Assessment of the National Health System (RedETS)
Published: December 2020

Introduction

This paper aims to describe the development of a flowchart to guide the decisions of researchers in the Spanish Network for Health Technology Assessment of the National Health System (RedETS) regarding patient involvement (PI) in Health Technology Assessment (HTA). By doing so, it reflects on current methodological challenges in PI in the HTA field: how best to combine PI methods and what is the role of patient-based evidence.

Methods

A decisional flowchart for PI in HTA was developed between March and April 2019 following an iterative process, reviewed by the members of the PI Interest Group and other RedETS members and validated during an online deliberative meeting. The development of the flowchart was based on a previous methodological framework assessed in a pilot study.

Results

The guidelines on how to involve patients in HTA in the RedETS were graphically represented in a flowchart. PI must be included in all HTA reports, except those that assess technologies with no relevant impact on patients’ experiences, values, and preferences. Patient organizations or expert patients related to the topic of the HTA report must be identified and invited. These patients can participate in protocol development, outcomes' identification, assessment process, and report review. When the technology assessed affects in a relevant way patient experiences, values, and preferences, patient-based evidence should be included through a systematic literature review or a primary study.

Conclusions

The decisional flowchart for PI in HTA contributes to the current methodological challenges by proposing a combination of direct involvement and patient-based evidence.
Ajax in America, or Catharsis in the Time of Terrorism
Authors: Roberts Matthew
Published: December 2020

Originally funded by the US Department of Defense in 2009, Theater of War Productions’ first project, Theater of War, performs dramatic readings of Ajax at military bases, hospitals, and academic institutions throughout the United States. Developed by Bryan Doerries, Theater of War brings awareness to the epidemic of suicide and other forms of violence committed by American military service members in the wake of the United States’ so-called ‘war on terror’. But like Ajax, American military personnel typically turn to violence only after being betrayed by the institutions that they served. This article follows how Ajax’s more modern manifestation disrupts the tragic protagonist’s status as a sacrificial victim whose death precipitates tragedy’s cathartic effect, and challenges what René Girard calls the ‘scapegoat mechanism’ and its socio-political function. It argues that Ajax’s appearance as a cathartic figure in American society provokes spectators and artists to reckon with the conditions that can cause military personnel to act violently, and inspires protests against broader hegemonic socio-political structures and the military culture that sustains them. Matthew Roberts is Assistant Professor and Librarian for Comparative and World Literature, English, and Drama at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Confía en mí, Confío en ti: Applying developmental theory to mitigate sociocultural risk in Latinx families
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , Yates Tuppett M. , Hecht Hannah K. , Cervantes Breana R. , Russo Lyric N. , Arreola Jose , Leal Francisca , Torres Gina , Guerra Nancy
Published: December 2020

Ed Zigler was a champion for underprivileged youth, one who worked alongside communities to fight for long-lasting systemic changes that were informed by his lifespan and ecological perspective on the development of the whole child. This paper reports on the development, implementation, and preliminary outcomes of an intervention that embodied the Zigler approach by adopting a community participatory research lens to integrate complementary insights across community-based providers (promotoras), Latinx immigrant families, and developmental psychologists in the service of promoting parent–child relationship quality and preventing youth aggression and violence. Analyses from the first 112 Latinx mother–youth dyad participants (46% female children, ages 8–17) in the resultant, Confía en mí, Confío en ti, eight-week intervention revealed significant pre–post increases in purported mechanisms of change (i.e., attachment security, reflective functioning) and early intervention outcomes (i.e., depressive, anxiety, and externalizing problems). Treatment responses varied by youth age. A case analysis illustrated the lived experiences of the women and children served by this intervention. We discuss future directions for the program, as well as challenges to its sustainability. Finally, we consider Ed's legacy as we discuss the contributions of this work to developmental science and our understanding of attachment relationships among low-income immigrant Latinx families.
Homogenisation applied to thermal radiation in porous media
Authors: ROONEY C. M. , PLEASE C. P. , HOWISON S. D.
Published: December 2020

Heat transport in granular and porous media occurs through conduction in the solid and radiation through the voids. By exploiting the separation of length scales between the small typical particles or voids and the large size of whole region, the method of multiple scales can be applied. For a purely diffusive system, this yields a problem on the macroscale with an effective conductivity, deduced by solving a ‘cell problem’ on the microscale. Here, we apply the method when radiation and conduction are both present; however, care must be taken to correctly handle the integral nature of the radiative boundary condition. Again, an effective conductivity is found by solving a ‘cell problem’ which, because of the non-linearity of radiative transfer, to be solved for each temperature value. We also incorporate modifications to the basic theory of multiple scales in order to deal with the non-local nature of the radiative boundary condition. We derive the multiple scales formulation of the problem and report on numerical comparisons between the homogenised problem and direct solution of the problem. We also compare the effective conductivity to that derived using Maxwell models and effective medium theory.
The Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative: a new community improving outcomes for individuals with congenital heart disease
Authors: Sood Erica , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Marino Bradley S.
Published: December 2020

Improved survival of patients with paediatric and congenital cardiac disease has led to a heightened awareness of the cognitive, neurodevelopmental, psychosocial, and physical functioning deficits that limit health, academic functioning, adaptive functioning, behavioural and emotional outcomes, health-related quality of life, and well-being for children and adults with congenital heart disease. The Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative was founded in 2016; its mission is to determine and implement best practices of neurodevelopmental and psychosocial services for individuals with paediatric and congenital heart disease and their families through clinical, quality improvement, and research initiatives.

Cardiology in the Youngis devoted to cardiovascular issues affecting the young, and older patients with congenital heart disease, or with other cardiac diseases acquired during childhood. The journal serves the interests of all professionals concerned with these topics. By design, the journal is international and multidisciplinary in its approach, and members of the editorial board take an active role in its mission, helping to make it an indispensable reference for paediatric and congenital cardiac care. All aspects of paediatric and congenital cardiac care are covered in the journal. The content includes original articles, brief reports, editorials, reviews, and papers devoted to continuing professional development. High-quality colour figures are published on a regular basis, and without charge to the authors. Regular supplements are published containing the abstracts of the annual meetings of the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology, along with other occasional supplements. These supplements are supplied free to subscribers.

The vision ofCardiology in the Youngis to use print and electronic media to improve paediatric and congenital cardiac care. The mission ofCardiology in the Youngis to be a premier global journal for paediatric and congenital cardiac care – an essential journal that spans the domains of patient care, research, education, and advocacy, and also spans geographical, temporal, and subspecialty boundaries.

Cardiology in the Youngand the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative are pleased to announce thatCardiology in the Youngwill serve as the official journal of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative. This new partnership between the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative andCardiology in the Youngwill facilitate the dissemination of knowledge and recommendations to the scientific, clinical, and patient advocacy communities, ultimately improving paediatric and congenital cardiac care and outcomes for individuals with paediatric and congenital heart disease and their families.
Tipu Sultan's female entourage under East India Company rule
Authors: HOWES JENNIFER
Published: December 2020

After the Fourth Mysore War, when the British were dismantling Tipu Sultan's establishment, the East India Company unexpectedly took charge of 601 women who resided permanently inside Srirangapatnam Palace. Along with Tipu's sons, they were moved 200 miles east, to Vellore Fort, in the Company-controlled territory of Madras Presidency. Documentation about these court women held in colonial archives describes moments when they behaved in unexpectedly difficult ways. Because historians have traditionally cast the women of Tipu Sultan's court as voiceless victims, their actions, as described in these colonial sources, have been overlooked. When examined, the descriptions show that they were using the domestic powers granted to them under Tipu Sultan's establishment to influence their treatment by the East India Company. By placing these accounts alongside the broader context of the Company's military history, it becomes apparent that the women of Tipu Sultan's female entourage fomented the events that led to the Vellore Mutiny of 1806.
A Homeless Bill of Rights as a New Instrument to Protect the Rights of Homeless Persons
Authors: Ploszka Adam
Published: December 2020

Homelessness as a violation of human rights – Criminalisation of homelessness – Insufficient international and European protection of the rights of homeless persons – American charters of the rights of homeless persons as a source of inspiration – Model European Homeless Bill of Rights – FEANTSA – Human rights instrument – Positive and negative rights of the homeless person – Right to exit homelessness – Right to carry out practices necessary to survival within the law – Adoption and implementation of the Charter by Human Rights Cities in Spain, Slovenia and Poland – Soft law – Perspectives for the protection of the rights of homeless persons
Radiation characteristics of microstrip antenna on frequency selective surface absorbing layer
Authors: Raj Ashish , Gupta Nisha
Published: December 2020

The radiation characteristics of the microstrip antenna (MSA) on the frequency selective surface (FSS) based absorbing layer is presented in this paper. It is observed that an absorbing layer placed between the MSA configuration and the ground plane helps in controlling the radiation characteristics of the antenna. It not only reduces the back lobe but also reduces the beamwidth and gain of the antenna simultaneously. This is because the absorbing layer absorbs some amount of power radiated by the antenna in both forward and backward directions. The proposed design is simulated using Ansys HFSS electromagnetic simulation software and the results are validated by comparing it with the results obtained from the equivalent circuit approach as well as experimental results. The effect of absorber on radiation characteristics of the radiator demonstrates its potential use in suppressing the radiation from the printed circuit board traces.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Implicit Beliefs Measure and the Role of Demographics among Pakistani Sample
Authors: Khan Maryam , Kamal Anila
Published: December 2020

Implicit theories (also referred to self-theories) represent a cognitive conceptualization about a matter, generally raised as a belief. It is marked as the primary aspect of cognitive processing among living beings affecting their overall behavior towards others’. In the present study, it is attempted to consider a Pakistani perspective on this phenomenon of self-theories and also to validate the implicit theories Scale. It is a measure of people’s beliefs about things to be fixed or changeable. A quantitative approach of correlational methodology was employed. Participants of the study were 355 Pakistani young adults with an age range of 20–30 years (M= 23.08,SD= 1.99). There were 175 males and 180 females (as they reported their gender) from Islamabad. Confirmatory factor analysis was computed to assess the dimensionality of the scale. An adequate model fit indices were found as Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = .04, Comparative Fit Index = .99, Tucker-Lewis Index = .98, Goodness of Fit Index = .97, and Incremental Fit Index = .99,confirming a bidimensional implicit theories measure. The reliability coefficients of Entity Theory and Incremental Theory subscales were assessed through internal consistency and test-retest methods which are found to be in an acceptable range. Demographic specifications are also addressed to reflect upon the indigenous importance of this concept. This will be an additive feature in the literature to consider the cultural specification enabling individuals to align their mindsets in the desired direction of growth and achievement.
Effect of soil moisture regimes on the growth and fecundity of slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)
Authors: Khan Asad M. , Mobli Ahmadreza , Werth Jeff A , Chauhan Bhagirath S.
Published: December 2020

Slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridisL.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) are increasingly problematic weeds of summer crops in Australia. Water is considered the most limiting factor in an agroecosystem, and water stress adversely impacts the growth and reproduction of plant species. The primary objective of this study was to determine the growth and fecundity of two Australian biotypes (Goondiwindi and Gatton) ofA. viridisandA. retroflexusunder water-stress conditions. Four water-stress treatments (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% field capacity [FC]) at a 4-d irrigation interval were chosen. No difference was observed for growth and seed production between the two biotypes of both species when grown under varying soil moisture regimes. At 100% FC,A. viridisproduced 44 g plant−1aboveground biomass and 1,740 seeds plant−1. The maximum growth (46 g plant−1) and seed production (3,070 seeds plant−1) ofA. retroflexuswere observed at 100% FC. The growth and seed production of both species were reduced with increased water-stress levels. Both weeds responded to water stress by decreasing the shoot:root biomass ratio. However,A. viridis(290 seeds plant−1) andA. retroflexus(370 seeds plant−1) were able to produce a significant number of seeds per plant even at 25% FC. Results suggest that both weeds will produce seeds under water-limiting conditions. Therefore, management strategies are required to minimize the growth and survival of weeds in water-deficit conditions.
Von den tiefgreifenden Entwicklungsstörungen in ICD-10 zur Autismus-Spektrum-Störung in ICD-11
Authors: Freitag Christine M.
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung. In dem Artikel werden die neuen Diagnosekriterien der Autismus-Spektrum-Störung nach ICD-11 der Klassifikation nach ICD-10 sowie nach DSM-5 gegenübergestellt. Es erfolgt eine Bewertung der Änderungen sowie eine Empfehlung hinsichtlich der Klassifikation nach dem multiaxialen Klassifikationsschema. Da die ICD-11 in vielen Aspekten der Klassifikation nach DSM-5 ähnelt, ist eine Konsolidierung der Prävalenz von Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen bei einem Wechsel von ICD-10 auf ICD-11 zu erwarten. Insbesondere aufgrund des Wegfalls der Diagnose „atypischer Autismus“ wird eine etwas geringer Prävalenz von Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen nach ICD-11 im Vergleich zu ICD-10 zu erwarten sein. Die Sensitivität der Diagnosekriterien wird weiterhin sehr hoch sein, die Spezifität könnte möglicherweise ansteigen. Falls ähnliche Ergebnisse für die ICD-11 wie für das DSM-5 gefunden werden, würde das für eine verbesserte diagnostische Validität der ICD-11-Kriterien gegenüber ICD-10 sprechen.
Die Vorhersage von Mathe- und Leseleistungen durch dynamisches Testen
Authors: Börnert-Ringleb Moritz , Wilbert Jürgen
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung. Einleitung: Durch die Verbindung von Messung und Förderung im Testprozess werden im Rahmen des dynamische Testens Aussagen zu Lernpotentialen und der benötigten Unterstützung zur Entfaltung dieser Potentiale von Kindern getroffen. Dynamisches Testen erscheint dabei insbesondere geeignet, mögliche Ungleichheiten in testrelevanten Vorerfahrungen auf Grund kultureller Unterschiede oder geringerer Zugänge zu Bildungsgelegenheiten zu kompensieren und somit Lernpotentiale als neues Merkmal zu erfassen. Die Validität der erfassten Lernpotentiale konnte in zahlreichen querschnittlichen und longitudinalen Untersuchungen nachgewiesen werden. Der wesentliche Teil des bisherigen Forschungsstandes bezieht sich dabei jedoch auf die Anwendung des dynamischen Testens zur Erfassung kognitiver Fähigkeiten. In aktueller Forschung wird das Konzept des dynamischen Testens immer häufiger auf die Erfassung domänenspezifischer Prozesse übertragen. Methode: Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der aktuelle Forschungsstand zur Güte des dynamischen Testens zur Vorhersage von Rechen- und Leseleistungen zusammengefasst. Dazu wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchgeführt, in welcher 22 empirische Arbeiten eingeschlossen wurden. Ergebnisse und Diskussion: Die eingeschlossenen Studien zeigen, dass dynamische Testwerte zur Vorhersage von Rechen- und Leseschwierigkeiten sowie zur Prognose von Rechen- und Leseleistung von Kindern und Jugendlichen geeignet sind.
Sydney Chapman: A Biographical Sketch Based on the Book “Chapman Eighty, From His Friends”
Authors: Akasofu Syun‐Ichi
Published: December 2020

This is a brief biographical sketch of Sydney Chapman, who was one of the greatest geophysicists in the world during the 20th century and also a pioneer in space physics. It is based on the book “Chapman eighty, from his friends,” together with a few notes by the author. In his early days, Chapman devoted his study on the transport property of gases and wrote “The Mathematical Theory of Non‐Uniform Gases” with T. G. Cowling. In the field of geophysics (geomagnetism, ionospheric physics, and auroral physics), Chapman made fundamental contributions in each field, on the basis of rigorous mathematical physics and deep insight. Chapman also wrote the book “Geomagnetism” with J. Bartels. These efforts helped establish the foundation of a new field, space physics. Chapman was instrumental and effective in coordinating various international scientific organizations, serving as presidents for the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA), and the International Geophysical Year (IGY). Present advance in geophysical sciences owes greatly his devotion and accomplishments.
“Thirstier” Atmosphere Will Increase Wildfire Risk out West
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: December 2020

New climate projections could inform long-term wildfire and water resources management strategies in California and Nevada.
Multi‐Parameter Chorus and Plasmaspheric Hiss Wave Models
Authors: Aryan Homayon , Bortnik Jacob , Meredith Nigel P. , Horne Richard B. , Sibeck David G. , Balikhin Michael A.
Published: December 2020

The resonant interaction of energetic particles with plasma waves, such as chorus and plasmaspheric hiss waves, plays a direct and crucial role in the acceleration and loss of radiation belt electrons that ultimately affect the dynamics of the radiation belts. In this study, we use the comprehensive wave data measurements made by the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science instruments on board the two Van Allen probes, to develop multi‐parameter statistical chorus and plasmaspheric hiss wave models. The models of chorus and plasmaspheric hiss waves are presented as a function of combined geomagnetic activity (AE), solar wind velocity (V), and southward interplanetary magnetic field (Bs). The relatively smooth wave models reveal new features. Despite, the coupling between geomagnetic and solar wind parameters, the results show that each parameter still carries a sufficient amount of unique information to more accurately constrain the chorus and plasmaspheric hiss wave intensities. The new wave models presented here highlight the importance of multi‐parameter wave models, and can improve radiation belt modeling.