bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Action-sound Latency and the Perceived Quality of Digital Musical Instruments
Authors: Jack Robert H. , Mehrabi Adib , Stockman Tony , McPherson Andrew
Published: August 2018

Asynchrony between tactile and auditory feedback (action-sound latency) when playing a musical instrument is widely recognized as disruptive to musical performance. In this paper we present a study that assesses the effects of delayed auditory feedback on the timing accuracy and judgments of instrument quality for two groups of participants: professional percussionists and non-percussionist amateur musicians. The amounts of delay tested in this study are relatively small in comparison to similar studies of auditory delays in a musical context (0 ms, 10 ms, 10 ms ± 3 ms, 20 ms). We found that both groups rated the zero latency condition as higher quality for a series of quality measures in comparison to 10 ms ± 3 ms and 20 ms latency, but did not show a significant difference in rating between 10 ms latency and zero latency. Professional percussionists were more aware of the latency conditions and showed less variation of timing under the latency conditions, although this ability decreased as the temporal demands of the task increased. We compare our findings from each group and discuss them in relation to latency in interactive digital systems more generally and experimentally similar work on sensorimotor control and rhythmic performance.
Final Ritardandi and the Expression of Musical Emotion
Authors: Friedman Ronald S.
Published: August 2018

According to Juslin (2001), final ritardandi constitute part of the acoustic code employed by musicians to communicate two distinct emotional states: sadness and tenderness. To test this proposition, in two experiments, participants were exposed to a set of hymns that were modified in mode and/or tempo to primarily express either happiness, sadness, or tenderness. In addition, the inclusion of final ritardandi was experimentally manipulated such that these timing variations were either present or absent in the hymn stimuli. Participants were then asked to rate the emotions expressed by each variant of the hymns. In line with Juslin (2001), results revealed that when final ritardandi were included, expressively sad music was perceived as conveying more sadness, whereas expressively tender music was perceived as conveying more tenderness. Inclusion of ritardandi did not heighten the expression of happiness in music that was in a major key nor promote the expression of tenderness in music that was in a minor key. This suggests that final ritardandi do not generally heighten emotional expressivity and only amplify the emotional message already established by other cues, particularly those based on mode and overall tempo.
Making an Impression
Authors: Waddell George , Perkins Rosie , Williamon Aaron
Published: August 2018

This article examines the effects of composition length, familiarity, and likeability—as well as the location of performance errors—on the process of forming performance quality ratings. Five piano works by Chopin and a twentieth-century composer were chosen to vary by length and familiarity. Three of these pieces were then manipulated to contain performance errors in the opening material, and two of those the same error at the recapitulation. Forty-two musicians provided continuous quality evaluations and final quality ratings of the performances, hearing one version of each piece. The results showed that familiarity had no effect within works of a well-known composer, but times to first and final decision were significantly extended for an unfamiliar work of an unfamiliar composer. A shorter piece led to a shorter time to first decision. An error at the beginning of a performance caused a shorter time to first decision and lower initial and final ratings, where the same error at the recapitulation did not have a significant effect on the final judgment, despite causing a temporary negative drop. These findings demonstrate how evaluators’ knowledge of a work can affect their rating process and the importance of making a strong first impression in performance.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Therapeutics of vitamin D
Authors: Ebeling P R , Adler R A , Jones G , Liberman U A , Mazziotti G , Minisola S , Munns C F , Napoli N , Pittas A G , Giustina A , Bilezikian J P , Rizzoli R
Published: August 2018

Objective

The central role of vitamin D in bone health is well recognized. However, controversies regarding its clinical application remain. We therefore aimed to review the definition of hypovitaminosis D, the skeletal and extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D and the available therapeutic modalities.

Design

Narrative and systematic literature review.

Methods

An international working group that reviewed the current evidence linking bone and extra-skeletal health and vitamin D therapy to identify knowledge gaps for future research.

Results

Findings from observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in vitamin D deficiency are discordant, with findings of RCTs being largely negative. This may be due to reverse causality with the illness itself contributing to low vitamin D levels. The results of many RCTs have also been inconsistent. However, overall evidence from RCTs shows vitamin D reduces fractures (when administered with calcium) in the institutionalized elderly. Although controversial, vitamin D reduces acute respiratory tract infections (if not given as bolus monthly or annual doses) and may reduce falls in those with the lowest serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. However, despite large ongoing RCTs with 21 000–26 000 participants not recruiting based on baseline 25OHD levels, they will contain a large subset of participants with vitamin D deficiency and are adequately powered to meet their primary end-points.

Conclusions

The effects of long-term vitamin D supplementation on non-skeletal outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the optimal dose and serum 25OHD level that balances extra-skeletal benefits (T2DM) vs risks (e.g. CVD), may soon be determined by data from large RCTs.
Effect of TNF-α on the expression of ABCA1 in pancreatic β-cells
Authors: Sato Seisuke , Imachi Hitomi , Lyu Jingya , Miyai Yumi , Fukunaga Kensaku , Dong Tao , Ibata Tomohiro , Kobayashi Toshihiro , Yoshimoto Takuo , Kikuchi Fumi , Yonezaki Kazuko , Yamaji Nao , Iwama Hisakazu , Murao Koji
Published: August 2018

ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), a 254-kD membrane protein, is a key regulator of lipid efflux from cells to apolipoproteins. ABCA1 in pancreatic β-cells influences insulin secretion and cholesterol homeostasis. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a pleiotropic cytokine that elicits a wide spectrum of physiological events, including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis and is also known to decrease glucose-dependent insulin secretion in pancreatic islets. In the present study, we examined the role of TNF-α on ABCA1 expression in rat pancreatic islets and INS-1 cells. ABCA1 protein levels decreased in response to rising concentrations of TNF-α in pancreatic islets. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed a significant decrease in ABCA1 mRNA expression. In parallel with its effect on endogenous ABCA1 mRNA levels, TNF-α suppressed the activity of a reporter construct containing the ABCA1 promoter. This effect was abrogated by BIRB796, but not by SB203580 or LY-294002. The constitutively active form of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) γ suppressed ABCA1 promoter activity but not p38-MAPK (α, β), while a dominant-negative mutant of p38-MAPK γ blocked the effect of TNF-α on ABCA1 promoter activity. BIRB796 inhibited the increased cholesterol ester content induced by TNF-α. However, BIRB796 had no effect on either the decreased insulin content or the ABCA1 suppression caused by TNF-α in INS-1 cells. We checked the influence of TNF-α of insulin secretion and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islet and INS-1 cell. TNF-α suppressed the insulin secretion and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in both rat pancreatic islet and INS-1 cell. In summary, TNF-α suppressed the expression of endogenous ABCA1 and suppress the insulin secretion in pancreatic islets and INS-1 cells. These findings raise the possibility that TNF-α may affect insulin secretion by controlling ABCA1 expression.
Emergency Department Revisits After an Initial Parenteral Antibiotic Dose for UTI
Authors: Chaudhari Pradip P. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Bachur Richard G.
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:

Although oral antibiotics are recommended for the management of most urinary tract infections (UTIs), the administration of parenteral antibiotics before emergency department (ED) discharge is common. We investigated the relationship between the administration of a single dose of parenteral antibiotics before ED discharge and revisits requiring admission among children with UTIs.

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis of administrative data from 36 pediatric hospitals was performed. Patients aged 29 days to 2 years who were evaluated in the ED with a UTI between 2010 and 2016 were studied. Primary outcome was adjusted 3-day ED revisit rates resulting in admission. All revisits, regardless of disposition, served as a secondary outcome. Average treatment effects were estimated by using inverse probability weighted regression, with adjustment for demographic factors, diagnostic testing, ED medications, and hospital-level factors.

RESULTS:

We studied 29 919 children with a median age of 8.6 (interquartile range: 5.1–13.8) months. Of those studied, 36% of the children received parenteral antibiotics before discharge. Patients who received parenteral antibiotics had similar adjusted rates of revisits leading to admission as those who did not receive parenteral antibiotics (1.3% vs 1.0%, respectively; risk difference: 0.3% [95% confidence interval: −0.01% to 0.6%]), although overall revisit rates were higher among patients who received parenteral antibiotics (4.8% vs 3.3%; risk difference 1.5% [95% confidence interval: 0.9% to 2.1%]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Among discharged patients, a parenteral dose of antibiotics did not reduce revisits leading to admission, supporting the goal of discharging patients with oral antibiotics alone for most children with UTIs.
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency and Adolescent Vaccination
Authors: Naleway Allison L. , Mittendorf Kathleen F. , Irving Stephanie A. , Henninger Michelle L. , Crane Bradley , Smith Ning , Daley Matthew F. , Gee Julianne
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:

Published case series have suggested a potential association between human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). We describe POI incidence and estimate POI risk after HPV; tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis, adsorbed (Tdap); inactivated influenza (II); and meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY) vaccination.

METHODS:

We searched Kaiser Permanente Northwest electronic health records for outpatient diagnoses suggestive of POI in female patients aged 11 to 34 years between 2006 and 2014. We reviewed and adjudicated the medical record to confirm diagnoses and estimate symptom onset dates. We excluded cases with known causes and calculated the incidence of idiopathic POI. We estimated risk by calculating hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:

From a cohort of 199 078 female patients, we identified 120 with diagnoses suggestive of POI. After adjudication and exclusion of 26 POI cases with known causes, we confirmed 46 idiopathic POI cases. POI incidence was low in 11- to 14-year-olds (0.87 per 1 000 000 person-months) and increased with age. One confirmed case patient received the HPV vaccine 23 months before the first clinical evaluation for delayed menarche. The adjusted hazard ratio was 0.30 (95% CI: 0.07–1.36) after HPV, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.37–2.10) after Tdap, 1.42 (95% CI: 0.59–3.41) after II, and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.27–3.23) after MenACWY vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS:

We did not find a statistically significant elevated risk of POI after HPV, Tdap, II, or MenACWY vaccination in this population-based retrospective cohort study. These findings should lessen concern about POI risk after adolescent vaccination.
RNA/DNA extraction from samples of acute gastroenteritis v2
Authors: Guan Hengyun , Wang Chunrong , Liu Lanzheng , Yang Guoliang
Published: August 2018

Many types of sample would be collected in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. Therefore we have settled this protocol to extract RNA/DNA for virus detection rapidly and effectively.
Download datasets from the HMP portal v1
Authors: J J. Ponsero Alise
Published: August 2018

This protocol explores how to download datasets from the HMP portal, either from a sample id number.
Protocol for in vitro transcription of DNA oligos by T7 polymerase v2
Authors: not provided CGER
Published: August 2018

This is a protocol forin vitrotranscription of DNA oligos by T7 polymerase from the Doudna Lab.
Protocol for in vitro transcription of DNA oligos by T7 polymerase v4
Authors: Lapinaite Audrey , Sternberg Sam
Published: August 2018

This is a protocol forin vitrotranscription of DNA oligos by T7 polymerase from the Doudna Lab.
Monitoring of an urban water body under the influence of a wastewater treatment plant: assessment of environmental impacts
Authors: Schneider Vania Elisabete , Dos Santos Maicon Basso , Bortolin Taison Anderson , Marques Roger Vasques
Published: August 2018

Urban streams are increasingly suffering from anthropogenic activities, mainly due to domestic sewage. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of treated domestic effluent on a receiving water body. Four sampling points were defined. The first was inside the stream, located upstream on the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), the second at the WWTP inlet, the third at the plant outlet and the last was located inside the stream, downstream of the WWTP discharge. The study was carried on for a three-year period (2013-2015). Chemical, physical and biological parameters were analyzed. Correlation analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Euclidean distance dendrogram then assessed the results. At the sampling points related to the stream (spots 1 and 4), a significant distance between conductivity and the other parameters was observed, suggesting a low relation between them. A group of minor related variables (Trophic State Index - TSI - and Chemical Oxygen Demand - COD) was formed. At the sampling points within the WWTP (points 2 and 3), the formation of 3 clusters was observed, and two of them involved TSI, thus indicating that this parameter changes according to the season of the year and the monitoring point. Therefore, the WWTP influences in a significant and proportional way the TSI of the water body in different seasons of the year, suggesting that this is the main parameter to be controlled. The highest TSI were observed during spring and summer.  http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v6iss2p15a
OUTRAS “PEDAGOGIAS” PARA A EDUCAÇÃO EM TEMPO INTEGRAL
Authors: Sirino Marcio Bernardino , Ferreira Arthur Vianna , Mota Patricia Flavia
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma reflexão teórica sobre a possibilidade de materialização da Educação em Tempo Integral com o aporte teórico de novas formas pedagógicas para organizá-la. A partir da compreensão de Paiva (2015) sobre as obras de Paulo Freire no que tange à construção de outras “Pedagogias” (p. 123), trazemos, nesta produção, quatro possibilidades de organização da jornada escolar dos educandos, na perspectiva de se alcançar uma educação, efetivamente, integral, a saber: a Pedagogia do Oprimido (FREIRE, 1987); a Pedagogia da Autonomia (FREIRE, 1996); a Pedagogia da Convivência (JARES, 2008) e a Pedagogia da Hospitalidade (BAPTISTA, 2012). Com uma perspectiva metodológica de cunho qualitativo, buscamos, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, evidenciar a necessidade de potencializar as multiplicidades de pedagogias que possibilitem a construção de um cotidiano escolar – e/ou não escolar – em tempo integral diferenciado onde os valores da cidadania, trabalho e convivência sejam elementos integralizadores do processo educacional.
NOTAS SOBRE COMPETÊNCIAS PROFISSIONAIS NECESSÁRIAS À DOCÊNCIA
Authors: Silva Antonia Zulmira , Silva Maria de Lourdes Ramos da
Published: August 2018

Este texto tem a intenção de discutir alguns aspectos referentes às competências necessárias para o desenvolvimento da profissão docente, em especial, na Educação Básica, conforme as novas exigências culturais, sociais e políticas. Como procedimento metodológico deste artigo, concentrou-se na compreensão de leituras e interpretações   de textos sobre as competências fundamentais para a profissão docente. Foram tomados como aportes teóricos os seguintes pesquisadores: Gatti (2013); Nóvoa (1999); Perrenoud, (2002); Machado (2009) e Rios (2005). Após as leituras, pode-se inferir que a profissão docente implica entender a aprendizagem como um processo contínuo, alicerçada na busca da compreensão de novas competências e valores para uma educação que atenda aos anseios de uma sociedade contemporânea, para se alcançar uma educação de qualidade. Essa ressignificação só será possível por meio de mudanças significativas na formação e na identidade profissional daqueles que se dedicam à profissão de professor.
A REESTRUTURAÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA E OS IMPACTOS NO TRABALHO DOCENTE EM PATOS DE MINAS/MG
Authors: Maciel Rosana Mendes , Previtali Fabiane Santana
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho consiste na concretização de uma pesquisa de Mestrado, pertencente ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Educação da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, na linha de pesquisa intitulada “Políticas e Gestão em Educação”. Trata-se do trabalho realizado através de leituras, debates e reflexões desenvolvidas no Grupo de Pesquisa Trabalho, Educação e Sociedade – GPTES e conta com o apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES. O estudo discute a reestruturação produtiva na esfera educacional e seus impactos no trabalho docente da rede pública estadual de Minas Gerais, a partir de 1990 quando se intensificam as reformas educacionais no Brasil, particularmente em Patos de Minas - MG. Mais especificamente visa discutir os processos de proletarização e precarização do trabalho docente no que se refere à intensificação do trabalho, condições de trabalho e controle sobre o processo de trabalho; contextualizar e reestruturação da educação e do trabalho docente no cenário de mundialização do capital, especialmente no âmbito nacional, face às reformas educacionais dos anos 1990. Tais reflexões estão fundamentadas em uma pesquisa empírica, realizada no município de Patos de Minas/MG. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida através da discussão teórica acerca da articulação dialética entre educação e trabalho, demonstrando também as modificações ocorridas com o processo de reestruturação produtiva.
PESQUISA E PROCESSOS FORMATIVOS DE EDUCADORES AMBIENTAIS NA RADICALIDADE DE UMA CRISE CIVILIZATÓRIA
Authors: Guimarães Mauro
Published: August 2018

Vivemos graves problemas socioambientais, na atualidade, que alcançaram a escala global, colocando em risco a vida planetária. Esses problemas são indicadores de uma crise civilizatória pelo colapso do modo de organização social, civilização capitalista industrial moderna, na sua relação de dominação e exploração da Natureza, consequente do paradigma da disjunção e simplificação da modernidade. A grave e urgente situação de crise, que ruma para um abismo, remete a pensarmos na radicalidade da formação de educadores ambientais que possam ser dinamizadores de movimentos de enfrentamento dessa realidade. Para isso, apresentamos a proposta teórico-metodológica da ComVivência Pedagógica para a formação de emuladores ambientais, que o coletivo de pesquisadores reunidos no GEPEADS/UFRRJ está desenvolvendo.
PANORAMA LATINOAMERICANO DE LA CUESTIÓN AMBIENTAL Y DE LAS LUCHAS POR LA DEMOCRACIA: DE LAS POLÍTICAS EN EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL A LAS POÉTICAS DE UNA EDUCACIÓN EN LA COMPRENSIÓN DE LA LENGUA DE LA TIERRA
Authors: Noguera de Echeverri Ana Patricia
Published: August 2018

Describo los desplazamientos epistémicos-éticos-estéticos-políticos que el paso de una política a una poética en la ambientalización-sur de la educación, están configurando maneras-otras de pensar lo ambiental. La pregunta por el Ser, heredada en Latinoamérica a partir de los procesos de colonización filosófica y educativa, impuestos por la Europa Imperial, ha sido desplazada a la pregunta por el habitar en el Pensamiento Ambiental Sur y, en esta transición que aspira a acompañar la transición civilizatoria que acontece en estos tiempos de crisis ambiental, la expresión mapuche - estar ahí no más - del que el filósofo argentino Rodolfo Kusch (1976) desplegara en sus obras, adquiere gran importancia, porque es la transición filosófica ambiental de la pregunta espistemológica moderna enclavada en la educación y en la investigación modernas: ¿Cómo conocemos?, a la pregunta ética-estética-política ¿Cómo habitamos? Interroga las maneras como estamos transformando y modificandola piel de la tierra, madre y ancestro de todos los ancestros de vida. Construir la Paz en Colombia, exige construir otra relación, radicalmente diferente, con la tierra, que somos.
Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus from formalin fixed tissue by PCR in fancy chicken
Authors: Ponnusamy P. , Reetha T. Lurthu , Sasikala M. , Ronald B.S. M. , Selvaraj J. , Puvarajan B. , Manickam R.
Published: August 2018

The present study was carried out to identify avian neoplastic viruses in the formalin fixed tissues of fancy chicken. The tissue samples collected during necropsy were examined by histopathology. It showed lymphoid and reticular cell infiltration in kidney, liver and lungs. For identification and differentiation of avian neoplastic viruses, PCR was performed using primer sets specific for Mareks disease virus, avian leukosis complex and reticuloendotheliosis virus. It was found that tumors were REV originated. Further confirmation, purified PCR product was subjected to sequencing. It showed 99% homology with other REV isolates available in the NCBI database. The present communication describes infection of a fancy chicken with REV on the basis of histopathological findings as well as molecular methods.
Foliar applications for amelioration of iron deficiency in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Akhtar Shamim , Bangash Nazneen , Shahzad Armghan , Fatima Sammer , Akbar Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Sajjad , Arshad Muhammad , Hassan Fayyaz Ul
Published: August 2018

In present study, different foliar treatments were applied on peanut to check their ameliorative effect on Fe deficiency. In hydroponics experiments, foliar applications of FeSO4, Fe-EDTA, sequestrene and ferric chloride were applied to check their effect on Fe deficiency chlorosis in two varieties of peanut already screened as BARI-2000 (Fe deficiency tolerant) and BARD-699 (Fe deficiency sensitive). Sequestrene proved to be more effective in increasing the growth of plant. Photosynthetic rate increased up to 58 and 70% in BARI-2000 and BARD-699 respectively as compared to control with foliar application of sequestrene. Similarly higher active Fe concentration was recorded in both genotypes. Up to 14 and 41% increase in active Fe concentration was observed. Various morpho physiological parameters including root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh and shoot dry weights, SPAD values, photosynthetic and transpiration rates showed that BARD-699 was more responsive to foliar applications, while foliar application of sequestrene can be used in correcting Fe deficiency in both genotypes. Active Fe was significantly correlated with different morphological parameters in both genotypes. The results of presense experiment suggested that foliar applications were helpful in correction Fe deficiency in peanut and growth can be enhanced.
Effect of applying a biostimulant containing seaweed and amino acids on the content of fiber fractions in three soybean cultivars
Authors: Szparaga A. , Kocira S. , Kocira A. , Czerwiñska E. , Depo K. , Erlichowska B. , Deszcz E.
Published: August 2018

The experiment was conducted in the years 2014-2016 with the aim to evaluate the influence of a biostimulant based on seaweed and amino acids on the content of neutral and acid detergent fiber, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in three cultivars of soybean. In the vegetative season, 0.7% and 1.0% solutions of the biostimulant were used in single and double spraying. Based on the determined fiber fraction contents it was evaluated whether treating soybean with the biostimulant may enhance the quality of forages obtained from it. It was found that the level of fiber fractions and contents of hemicellulose and cellulose were influenced by biostimulant application. Differences in the content of fiber fractions resulted from the number of biostimulant doses and its concentration. Mavka cultivar treated with Fylloton was characterized by the highest mean content of fiber fraction. Evaluation of the forage quality indexes demonstrated that biostimulant use caused their reduction, and the highest values were found for Annushka cultivar.
Apresentação
Authors: Barbosa Plínio Almeida
Published: August 2018

The idea of organizing this collection of seven papers was twofold. First, to bring together, in a single volume, researchers who not only have devoted their work to analyzing prosodic form and content according to rigorous experimental protocols, and further more crucially, to bring together researchers who assume a modeling approach by proposing phonetic or phonological models for utterance implementation. Second, to present evidence for universal and language-specific prosodic properties by gathering information on common and specific prosodic properties from five languages, not all genetic-related: (American and Irish) English, Japanese, French, Finnish, and Brazilian Portuguese.
Entraining speech with speech and metronomes
Authors: Cummins Fred
Published: August 2018

Duas novas abordagens experimentais para o estudo da fala são descritas. Na abordagem Speech Cycling, os locutores procuram casar o ritmo de sua fala com aquele de um metrônomo. Eles mostram fortes vieses que privilegiam a produção de padrões rítmicos simples baseados no encadeamento de um número inteiro de pés acentuais compreendidos no ciclo de repetição da frase. Na abordagem Synchronous Speech, dois locutores lêem um texto conjuntamente, tentando manter o sincronismo entre si. Novos resultados, fundamentados em vinte pares de locutores, são apresentados e demonstram que a prática não melhora de maneira acentuada o sincronismo, que os locutores usam informação visual para se sincronizarem entre si e que um índice independente de fluência de leitura é somente um fraco preditor de sincronismo. Tomados em seu conjunto, esses experimentos ilustram o uso de estímulos para induzir os locutores ao acoplamento, revelando assim tendências e limitações do sistema de produção de fala.
How long is a stress group?
Authors: O'Dell Michael , Nieminen Tommi
Published: August 2018

Num estudo recente, Barbosa sugere que, para uma síntese de fala com naturalidade, o número de sílabas no grupo acentual poderia ser determinado dinamicamente a partir das relações momentâneas dos osciladores acentual e silábico. Consideramos aqui as ramificações desta idéia para entender padrões na fala natural, utilizando e estendendo um modelo de osciladores acoplados hierarquizados previamente desenvolvido.
Momordica Charantia (Bitter Melon): Safety and Efficacy During Pregnancy and Lactation
Authors: Enwerem Nkechi , Okunji Priscillia , Oyonumo Ntekim , Samson Amos
Published: August 2018

Background: The leaf, fruit ,and bark of Momordica charantia (MC)(Common name. Bitter Melon). (Cucurbitaceae) has been used extensively in folk medicine as a remedy for diabetes. Biological and pharmacological activities attributed to different parts and extracts of these plants include anti-HIV, wound healing, anti-helmintic, anti-genotoxicity, larvicidal, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-obesity, antifertility, anticancer, antidiabetes, antidiarrheal .In Nigeria, a decoction of the leaves or bark is used in folk medicine to manage diabetes. Pregnant and lactating women have been observed, consuming the extract of MC for its folkloric belief as an antidiabetic agent. But its potential for toxicity when administered during pregnancy, lactation and breast feeding has not been completely investigated. The present study was aimed to review the literature for evidence on the use, safety, efficacy and pharmacology of Momordica charantia during pregnancy and lactation.Methods: Seven electronic databases including the Napralert database were searched. Data were compiled based on the grade and evidence found.Results: There were no scientific evidence to support the use of Momordica charantia during pregnancy and lactation. However animal studies in both rodents and primates show that the plant extract, induce abortion. In males, seed extracts of M.charantia, showed indirect evidence of reduced availability of pituitary gonadotrophs necessary for spermatogenesis.Conclusion: Caution should be exercised with the use of Momordica charantia during pregnancy and lactation till human research is conducted to determine its safety. There is a need to be cautious when using preparations containing Momordica charantia. Implications for Nursing: Findings can be utilized by community health nurses and policy makers to advice on the use of Momordica charantia during pregnancy, lactation and in males in their reproductive life.
Humanoid Nurse Robots as Caring Entities: A Revolutionary Probability?
Authors: Locsin Rozzano C. , Ito Hirokazu , Tanioka Tetsuya , Yasuhara Yuko , Osaka Kyoko , Schoenhofer Savina O.
Published: August 2018

The probability that humanoid nurse robots (HNRs) can be caring seems plausible. The question explored by this article is: what are humanoid nurse robots manifesting when they become more functionally advanced and human-like? Its discussion is grounded in several foundational philosophical and theoretical viewpoints such as Plato’s focus on “soul,” Rogers’ emphasis on human energy fields, Boykin and Schoenhofer’s assumption of persons as caring because of their humanness, and the prescriptive or predictive practice of nursing. Imploring logical explanations, the possibility of humanoid robots manifesting caring seems to become more likely. In future developments, to what end will HNRs be functional and able to manifest caring regardless of their human-likeness?
Ownership Cost Comparison of Battery Electric and Non-Plugin Hybrid Vehicles: A Consumer Perspective
Authors: Fulton Lawrence
Published: August 2018

This study evaluates eight-year ownership costs for battery electric vehicles (BEV) versus non-plugin hybrid vehicles using forecasting to estimate future electricity and conventional gasoline prices and incorporating these in a multiple design of experiments simulation.  Results suggest that while electric vehicles are statistically dominant in terms of variable costs over an 8-year life-span, high-performance hybrid non-plugins achieve variable fuel costs nearly as good as low-performing electric vehicles (those attaining only 3 miles per kilowatt hour) and that these hybrid acquisition costs are (on average) lower yet the vehicles retain higher residual values. In general, the six smallest ownership costs are split evenly between hybrid and electric vehicles; however, inflation for conventional regular gasoline is estimated to outstrip inflation per kilowatt hour.  Thus, non-plugin hybrid cars are likely to require considerably more advanced engineering to keep pace.
Identity, structure and compositional analysis of adjuvanted vaccines
Authors: Kalbfleisch Kristen , Ore Moriam , Deshmukh Sasmit , Williams Wayne , Durowoju Ibrahim , Duprez Jessica , Mei Carmen , Morin Sylvie , Bevilacqua Joan , Carpick Bruce , Kirkitadze Marina
Published: August 2018

1) Background: Traditionally, complex biological products such as vaccines presented unique challenges to implementation of even rudimentary characterization packages; thus, the product was defined almost exclusively by its manufacturing process. The advances in technology and analytical tools allowed the application of more comprehensive characterization packages for products such as adsorbed combination vaccines, which contain several antigens in a single formulation to protect against more than one disease, and may contain adjuvants and excipients. Aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) is a well-established adjuvant for enhancing the uptake of vaccines and to induce robust immunity against pathogens. During manufacturing, adjuvant is mixed with protein antigens which may in turn impact their higher order structure and stability. 2) Methods: To study the structural changes of protein antigens after adsorption several analytical tools including DLS, FTIR, Fluorescence, LD, and SEM were used. 3) Results: the AlPO4 adjuvant suspension consists of small submicron particles that form a continuous porous surface. Secondary structure alpha-helix and beta-sheet content of DT and TT increased after adsorption to AlPO4 adjuvant, whereas no significant changes were noted for other protein antigens. Interactions were noted between AlPO4 adjuvant and DT, TT, and FHA. 4) Conclusions: here we report for the first time the use of SEM for the visualization of adsorbed multivalent vaccine components. A unique signature profile detected for each multivalent vaccine by FTIR can be used as a lean in-process test to verify vaccine product composition and identity prior to filling.
Characterization of Tool Degradation during Friction Stir Processing of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Extrusions
Authors: Netto Nelson , Tiryakioglu Murat , Eason Paul
Published: August 2018

The diameter of a H13 steel tool with M6 threads and a pin diameter of 5.9 mm and a pin length of 5 mm was measured after each 25.4 mm length of friction stir processing (FSP) of 6061-T6 extrusions. The change in pin diameter with FSP time or distance did not exhibit any steady state and was found to have two distinct regions. Metallographic analysis of two tools subjected to FSP for 60 and 120 seconds showed that (i) threads fractured in early stages of FSP, (ii) a built-up layer formed between the threads, and (iii) threads progressively wore with processing time. The metallographic analysis of an embedded tool showed the presence of a fractured piece of the tool in the stir zone. These points are discussed in detail in the paper.
High-Performance Thermal Management Nanocomposites: Silver Functionalized Graphene Nanosheets and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Zhou Yongcun , Zhuang Xiao , Wu Feixiang , Liu Feng
Published: August 2018

Silver functionalized graphene nanosheets (GNS) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites with excellent thermal properties were developed to meet the requirements of thermal management. The effects of composites on interfacial structure and properties of the composites were identiﬁed, and the microstructures and properties of the composites were studied as a function of the volume fraction of fillers. An ultrahigh thermal conductivity of 12.3 W/mK for polymer matrix composites was obtained, which is an approximate enhancement by 69.1 times compared with that of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. Moreover, these composites showed more competitive thermal conductivities compared with those of untreated fillers/PVA composites applied to the desktop central processing unit, making these composites a high-performance alternative to be used for thermal management.
Population Balance Modeling and Opinion Dynamics -- A Mutually Beneficial Liaison?
Authors: Kuhn Michael , Kirse Christoph , Briesen Heiko
Published: August 2018

In this contribution, we aim to show that opinion dynamics and population balance modeling can benefit from an exchange of problems and methods. To support this claim, the Deffuant-Weisbuch model, a classical approach in opinion dynamics, is formulated as a population balance model. This new formulation is subsequently analyzed in terms of moment equations, and conservation of the first and second order moment is shown. Exemplary results obtained by our formulation are presented and agreement with the original model is found. Also the influence of the initial distribution is studied. Additionally, the Deffuant-Weisbuch model is transferred to engineering and interpreted as mass transfer between liquid droplets which results in a more flexible formulation compared to alternatives from the literature. On the one hand, it is concluded that the transfer of opinion-dynamics problems to the domain of population balance modeling offers some interesting insights as well as stimulating challenges for the population-balance community. On the other hand, it is inferred that population-balance methods can contribute to the solution of problems in opinion dynamics. In a broad outlook, some further possibilities of how the two fields can possibly benefit from a close interaction are outlined.
Prediction of Holocene Mercury Accumulation Trends by Combining Palynological and Geochemical Records of Lake Sediments (Black Forest, Germany)
Authors: Schütze Martin , Tserendorj Gegeensuvd , Pérez-Rodríguez Marta , Rösch Manfred , Biester Harald
Published: August 2018

Forest vegetation plays a key role in the cycling of mercury (Hg) and organic matter (OM) in terrestrial ecosystems. Litterfall has been indicated as the major transport vector of atmospheric Hg to forest soils, which is eventually transported and stored in the sediments of forest lakes. Hence, it is important to understand how changes in forest vegetation affect Hg in soil and its biogeochemical cycling in lake systems. We investigated the pollen records and the geochemical compositions of sediments from two lakes (Schurmsee and Glaswaldsee) in the Black Forest (Germany) to evaluate whether long-term shifts in forest vegetation induced by climate or land use influenced Hg accumulation in the lakes. We were particularly interested to determine whether coniferous forests were associated with a larger export of Hg to aquatic systems than deciduous forests. Principal components analysis followed by principal component regression enabled us to describe the evolution of the weight of the latent processes determining the accumulation of Hg over time. Our results emphasize that the in-lake uptake of Hg during warm climate periods, soil erosion after deforestation and emissions from mining and other human activities triggered changes in Hg accumulation during the Holocene stronger than the changes caused by forest vegetation alone.
Evolution of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) over Multiple Seasons in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Di Giallonardo Francesca , Kok Jen , Fernandez Marian , Carter Ian , Geoghegan Jemma L. , Dwyer Dominic E. , Holmes Edward C. , Eden John-Sebastian
Published: August 2018

There is an ongoing global pandemic of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection that results in substantial annual morbidity and mortality. In Australia, RSV is the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI). Nevertheless, little is known about the extent and origins of genetic diversity of RSV in Australia, nor the factors that shape this diversity. We conducted a genome-scale analysis of RSV infections in New South Wales (NSW). RSV genomes were successfully sequenced for 144 specimens collected between 2010-2016. Of these, 64 belonged to the RSVA and 80 to the RSVB subtype. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a wide diversity of RSV lineages within NSW and that both subtypes evolved rapidly in a strongly clock-like manner, with mean rates of approximately 6-8 x 10-4 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. There was only weak evidence for geographic clustering of sequences, indicative of fluid patterns of transmission within the infected population, and no evidence of any clustering by patient age such that viruses in the same lineages circulate through the entire host population. Importantly, we show that both subtypes circulated concurrently in NSW with multiple introductions into the Australian population in each year, and only limited evidence for multi-year persistence.
Optimized Design of Modular Multilevel DC De-Icer for High Voltage Transmission Lines
Authors: Lu Jiazheng , Huang Qingjun , Mao Xinguo , Tan Yanjun , Zhu Siguo , Zhu Yuan
Published: August 2018

Ice covering on overhead transmission lines would cause damage to transmission system and long-term power outage. Among various de-icing devices, modular multilevel converter (MMC) based DC de-icer (MMC-DDI) is recognized as a promising solution due to its excellent technical performance. Its principle feasibility has been well studied, but few literature discuss its economy or hardware optimization, thus the designed MMC-DDI for high voltage transmission lines is usually too large and too expensive for engineering applications. To fill this gap, this paper presents a quantitative analysis on the converter characteristics of MMC-DDI, and calculates the minimal converter rating and its influencing factors. It reals that, for a given de-icing requirement, the converter rating varies greatly with its AC-side voltage. Then an optimization configuration is proposed to reduce the converter rating and improve its economy. The proposed configuration is verified in a MMC-DDI for a 500kV transmission line as a case study. The result shows, in the case of outputting same de-icing characteristics, the optimized converter rating is reduced from 151 MVA to 68 MVA, and total cost of MMC-DDI is reduced by 48%. This analysis and conclusion are conductive to the optimized design of multilevel DC de-icer, then to its engineering application.
Preload Monitoring in Bolted Connection Using Piezoelectric-Based Smart Interface
Authors: Huynh Thanh-Canh , Dang Ngoc-Loi , Kim Jeong-Tae
Published: August 2018

In this study, a preload monitoring method using impedance signatures obtained from a piezoelectric-based smart interface is presented for bolted girder connections. Firstly, the background theory of the piezoelectric-based smart interface and its implementation into health monitoring of bolted connections are outlined. A simplified electro-mechanical (EM) impedance model of a smart interface-embedded bolted connection system is formulated to interpret mechanistic understanding of EM impedance signatures under the effect of bolt preload. Secondly, finite element modeling of a bolted connection is carried out to show the numerical feasibility of the presented method and to predetermine the sensitive frequency band of impedance signatures. Finally, impedance measurements are conducted on a lab-scaled bolted girder connection to verify the predetermined sensitive frequency range and to assess the bolt preload changes in the test structure.
Motivations that Sustain the Work of Volunteers in Community Based Palliative Care: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Krishnakumar K , Nalini R
Published: August 2018

Countries like India where there is a greater burden on public health care system, due to high population rates, have highest potential to use volunteering as an alternative to increasing human resource demand. Community based palliative care model is one of the successful models of extending health care services which necessarily involves the work of volunteers in a community. This model has been very successful in the Indian state of Kerala. The aim of the study was to identify the factors which actively motivate and sustain the work of volunteers in community based palliative care. Case study research design was employed in this study. The current study identifies altruism, spirituality, personal experiences and better social relationships as the prime motivations of volunteers in community based palliative care. Identification of volunteer motivations would better help in devising sustainable participatory health care programmes.
Arteriovenous Fistula Development After Nonoperative Treatment of a Clavicular Fracture
Authors: Conant Scott H. , Hickerson Lindsay E.
Published: August 2018

Case:

We report a case of prominent venous dilation in the supraclavicular area with an underlying arteriovenous fistula following nonoperative management of a fracture in the medial third of the clavicle in an adult. The venous dilation indicated elevated venous pressures, likely caused by hypertrophic callus formation and/or fistula development.

Conclusion:

Arteriovenous fistula and prominent venous dilation are possible sequelae of nonoperative treatment of clavicular fractures. Surgeons should be aware of their possibility when planning either operative or nonoperative treatment. More information is needed to guide management of these issues when they occur.
Team Approach: Multimodal Perioperative Pain Management in Upper-Extremity Surgery
Authors: Stewart Thomas M. , Pulos Nicholas , Curry Timothy B. , Gazelka Halena M. , Brown Michael J. , Shin Alexander Y.
Published: August 2018

* Rates of opioid use and abuse continue to rise in the United States, as do opioid-related deaths. Many patients who misuse opioids receive their first exposure in the perioperative setting.

* Postoperative opioid use reduction in patients who have undergone an upper-extremity procedure can be difficult secondary to the often-painful nature of orthopaedic procedures. Postoperative pain can prevent timely discharge from hospitals and is a major cause for emergency medicine visits following outpatient upper-extremity surgical procedures.

* Utilization of a multidisciplinary, multimodal, home-going continuous peripheral nerve block catheter protocol may be able to comfortably allow patients to recover in an outpatient setting after an upper-extremity surgical procedure, with a diminished opioid requirement.
Building employability skills for higher education students: An Australian example
Authors: Gill Robert Joseph
Published: August 2018

Employability has become an important focus for graduates and employers in Australia, as many universities contend with the notion of developing knowledgeable and problem-solving graduates who are workforce ready practitioners. This paper presents an example of how the higher education communication disciplines from across Victoria, Australia, have developed a forum that allows graduating students to engage directly with industry leaders to better prepare for the leap from higher education to professional employment in the communication and media sectors. This national award-winning education forum brings multi-institutional student groups, recent graduates, academics, and industry practitioners and leaders together in order to aid the development of student skills in areas such as: networking, job application, time management, and effective work habits.
A DISSEMINAÇÃO DO MODO INDUSTRIAL: O EXEMPLO DE CAICÓ, NO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
Authors: Sposito Eliseu Savério
Published: August 2018

Tendo, como ponto de partida, a proposta de conceitualização de disseminação do modo industrial, o texto traz como historicamente se deu o processo de industrialização de maneira geral. Em seguida, a partir de uma análise das fábricas de bonés em Caicó, RN, há uma análise e explicação de como o modo industrial se dissemina no município de Caicó contendo características da indústria em diferentes momentos, desde o processo de manufatura à incorporação de tecnologias avançadas.