bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redressing the Rural-Urban Imbalance (Distinguished Lecture)
Authors: T Scarlett Epstein
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on rural poverty, its causes and effects, and suggests one of a number of possible measures to alleviate the problem. It examines why there exists an urban bias in development, and the impact it has on development patterns. The macroimplications derived from intensive longitudinal micro-studies of two South Indian villages are also examined. These studies throw into relief the key role income-generating opportunities play in rural societies. They show how the existence of such opportunities ensures the reduction of rural poverty and removes, or at least reduces, the need for ruralurban migration; whereas their absence has the reverse effect. As the growing rural population accompanied by increasing water shortages reduce the possibilities of continuing increases in agricultural productivity, there is an urgent need to urbanise rural life and to make it more attractive in terms of economy and infrastructure. Finally, an outline of a Three-Level Rural-Urban Business Linkages paradigm, which though putting emphasis on increased agricultural productivity, stresses the growing importance of establishing agro-based industries and the creation of other off-farm activities. It is presented as one option that may be pursued to redress the rural-urban imbalance and thereby reduce rural poverty. The paradigm involves a decentralisation of small goods productive processes in a setting of Growth Areas and Growth Centres that are linked with the nearest large towns and/or cities. As long as the political will exists and the necessary preconditions are met, the implementation of this paradigm constitutes a good chance of improving conditions in both rural and urban areas.
Sophie Laws, with Caroline Harper and Rachel Marcus. Research for Development: A Practical Guide. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications. 2003. xiii+475 pages. Paperback. Indian Rupees 450.00.
Authors: Mir Annice Mahmood
Published: July 2024

To implement any successful policy, research about the subject-matter is essential. Lack of knowledge would result in failure and, from an economic point of view, it would lead to a waste of scarce resources. The book under review is essentially a manual which highlights the use of research for development. The book is divided into two parts. Part One informs the reader about concepts and some theory, and Part Two deals with the issue of undertaking research for development. Both parts have 11 chapters each. Chapter 1 asks the basic question: Is research important in development work? The answer is that it is. Research has many dimensions: from the basic asking of questions to the more sophisticated broad-based analysis of policy issues. The chapter, in short, stresses the usefulness of research which development workers ignore at their own peril.
Agricultural Productivity, Efficiency, and Rural Poverty in Irrigated Pakistan: A Stochastic Production Frontier Analysis
Authors: Munir Ahmad
Published: July 2024

The main objective of this study is to estimate the input elasticities of production for poor and non-poor farms. The study estimates the stochastic frontier production function. The results show that the elasticities of production differ for poor and non-poor farms. The production elasticity of land is substantially higher on rich farms as compared to the farms belonging to poor farmers. This implies higher returns on investment on land by the rich farmers. The salinity/sodicity problem and the tail-end location of the plot adversely affect farm productivity and efficiency, particularly at the poor farms. Moreover, the average cost of the existence of technical inefficiencies is about 43 percent in terms of loss in output, with wide variations across farms ranging from 17 percent to 62 percent. The study further concludes that the least efficient group is not only operating far below the frontier but it also operates at the lower portion of the production frontier. Consequently, increasing access to the inputs would likely raise productivity and reduce poverty. The results imply that the land distribution using the notion of land reforms in favour of poor/small farmers in the presence of existing farm structure, rural infrastructure, and the weak farm-supporting institutions is not expected to raise farm productivity and reduce poverty among the poor farmers. The results call for a strong and active role of the government in close partnership with the private sector to initiate income-generating activities and inputs supply chains in the rural areas to break the nexus of poverty, land degradation, and low agricultural productivity.
Madhumita Puri and George Abraham (eds.). Handbook of Inclusive Education for Educators, Administrators, and Planners: Within Walls, Without Boundaries. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2004. 309 pages. Paperback. Indian Rs 450.00.
Authors: Hina Nazli
Published: July 2024

The book is a manual aimed at educators, administrators, and planners involved in dealing with disabled children. Although education is considered to be a basic human right, yet according to UNICEF some 113 million children have no access to education. For disabled children, “only 1 in every 50 children with disability has access to education” (p. 18). The manual has been organised in three parts. Part I is basically a bird’s eye view of Inclusive Education. The term is defined on page 25 of the book in the following words: “Inclusive education is concerned with removing all barriers to learning, and with the participation of all learners vulnerable to exclusion and marginalisation. It is a strategic approach designed to facilitate learning success for all children. It addresses the common goals of decreasing and overcoming all exclusion from the human right to education, at least at the elementary level, and enhancing access, participation, and learning success in quality basic education for all”.1
Issues in the Designing of Public Sector Reform
Authors: Nadeem ul Haq
Published: July 2024

“Civil service reform,” which has become the nickname for public sector management reform in the parlance of development economics, has only recently and grudgingly been accepted by those who advise on policy in the poor countries. Even then, the approach is somewhat paternalistic in that it emphasises externally-designed rules and processes for management, organisation, audit and accountability. It recognises the role of people in terms of noting that incentives and employment policies matter but only in terms of right-sizing the government and second to the need to spread budgetary resources over the politically chosen level of employment. What it does not accept is that and the drive to manage the public sector better has to be led and implemented by the domestic talent and in that they must have both the incentive and the honour of doing just that. This paper argues that the main reason that the public sector management has suffered in many of the poor countries is that incentives have been allowed to erode rapidly as public sector employment was viewed politically as a means of providing welfare.
Quantifying the Impact of Development of the Transport Sector in Pakistan
Authors: Rizwana Siddiqui
Published: July 2024

An efficient transport system is not only a pre-requisite for economic development but is also important to achieve the objective of economic integration in the world economy. Insufficient transport infrastructure results in congestion, delay delivery time, fuel waste, pollution and accident1 which built inefficiencies in the economy and costs the economy 4 to 6 percent of GDP each year [Shah (2006)and World Bank (2007)], which can be saved by investing in transport services. Realising its importance, the government of Pakistan has initiated National Trade Corridor Improvement Programme (NTCIP) in 2005 to improve logistic and transport infrastructure so that it can fulfill the demand of economy more efficiently. This five years programme includes all sectors that improve performance of corridor-high way namely, road transport, railways, airports, and ships etc. The objective of the programme is to reduce the cost of doing business and improve quality of services. The study quantifies the efficiency of transport sector by evaluating the impact of public investment to improve transport services on the economy in general and on cost of land transportation in particular; i.e., cost of freight and passenger movement and cost of externalities such as congestion, air pollution and accident. The outcome of the study depends on how improved facility is achieved, i.e., who bears the cost and who benefits etc. This paper assumes tax financed public investment that not only change domestic price and demand, but also welfare and poverty. The issue is analysed in computable general equilibrium framework taking into account inter linkages of transport sector with rest of the economy. First, a social accounting matrix (SAM) is developed with a detailed transport module. Then, a dynamic CGE model is developed around this SAM and simulations are conducted for short run and long run analysis of public investment in trans port sector.
Manifestoes without Substance
Authors: Haque Nadeem Ul , Hussein Saddam
Published: July 2024

The word “manifesto” is derived from the Latin word “manifestum,” meaning clear or evident. It serves as a comprehensive and detailed document that outlines a political party’s vision for society, its proposed solutions to various issues, and its commitments to the electorate if they are elected to govern. Manifestos are also a means for political parties to establish credibility and demonstrate their understanding of the challenges faced by society. They serve as a roadmap to convince voters that the party’s vision aligns with the aspirations and needs of the public. A typical political manifesto includes several key components:

Presents the party’s overarching vision for the country or region it aims to represent and highlights the core values that guide its decisions and actions.
Outlines specific policy proposals on a wide range of subjects such as the economy, education, healthcare, environment, foreign affairs, defense, social welfare, and more. These proposals detail the party’s stance on each issue and how they plan to address them.
Promises made by the party to the electorate, aimed at winning their support and trust. These promises can vary from tax cuts, job creation, and infrastructure development, to improvements in various sectors.
A critique of the policies and ideas put forward by competing political parties. This is to highlight the differences and contrast their approach with that of the opponents.
Historical context, explaining how certain societal or economic issues have evolved and how the party’s proposed policies can address those issues effectively.
Pre-Afghan Taliban Refugee Exodus and the Complexities of Returning Home
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ajmal
Published: July 2024

This study is designed to address some key questions regarding Afghan refugee’s exodus. Such as, when did Afghan refugees migrate to Pakistan? What are the prominent factors which compiled Afghan Refugees to flee Afghanistan? What they deem about the future destination? Are they willing to repatriate to Afghanistan? why/why not? In the first step, this study has discussed the recent Afghan repatriation policy of the caretaker government, and identified either the Afghan refugee’s migration was voluntary or involuntary, similarly is the repatriation forced or voluntary? Moreover, this study provides a brief history of Afghan refugee’s migration. In the second part, this study has empirically, addressed the eminent questions. And finally, suggest policy proposal regarding sustainable repatriation of Afghans to Afghanistan.
Public Cognizance of E-waste Effects on Human Health and Environment: Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Armughan Mohammad , Zafar Sameen
Published: July 2024

The negative effects of electronic waste (e-waste) on the environment and human health are globally acknowledged. Across the world, developing countries in Asia are the most vulnerable countries in hosting e-waste. Informal recycling and crude processing of e-waste cause environmental degradation and harm human health. Therefore, the study analyzes public awareness about e-waste effects on human health and the environment using a logit model with a mean comparison of variables based on primary data of 312 respondents. Meanwhile, the study notifies the correlation of e-waste generation with gross domestic product (GDP), population, and electrical & electronic equipment (EEE) put in the Pakistani market. Moreover, the study discusses other pollutants putting a burden on human lives and the environment in Pakistan. Lastly, we provide a brief overview of the study’s implications on both theory and practical applications while emphasizing key areas for future research work.
Microcredit versus Child Schooling Nexus: Exploring Child Schooling Decisions in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Shahriar , Kairy Bindu Prashad , Khusbu Kainath Ashrafi
Published: July 2024

The study investigates if the microfinance loan burden influences the children’s education of the borrowers. By surveying the microfinance borrowers of Agarpur and Thakurmollik— distant rural areas under the Barisal district (Southern part of Bangladesh)— and by applying the OLS regression technique and logistic regression technique, the study identifies that the amount of microfinance loan installment does not have any significant direct effect on the dropout or enhancement of child education. Instead, the dropout tendency increases as kids move from primary to secondary or higher secondary level or as the number of kids increases in the family. However, as more kids are going to primary school, the school dropout tendency decreases. Thus, in remote rural areas, children’s school dropout appears as a matter of social behaviour rather than being an issue of microfinance loan burden.
The Role of Early Childbearing on Child Health Outcomes in Punjab
Authors: Nadeem Aeman
Published: July 2024

Early Childbearing is a major social and public health concern in developing countries. The study explores the role of early childbearing on child health outcomes in Punjab, Pakistan. Using the newly available data, Multiple Index Cluster Survey for Punjab 2017-18, the paper aims to test the association between early childbearing and child health outcomes both in the short and long term. Since early childbearing decision is influenced by a wide array of factors which include individual, household as well as social and cultural norms; the paper employs cluster & household fixed effects model to deal with the issue of omitted variable bias. The empirical results suggest that early childbearing exerts a negative impact on child health outcomes. The findings of the study are also robust to changing the specification of early childbearing as well as the data set. This study adds to the existing literature by providing insights into the strong influence of social and cultural norms in influencing childbearing decisions.
Life Time Cost of Public Servants
Authors: Haque Nadeem Ul , Kakar Muhammad Ajmal , Khan Nadeem , Ellahi Khurram , Rasool Hassan
Published: July 2024

PREAMBLE
The government of Pakistan is facing a growing financial challenge due to the high number of non-productive government employees. Politicians pride themselves on placing their favourites in the public sector knowing that the taxpayer has no say in the process and will pay the cost.
Yet no one looks at what the cost of this dirigiste politics is! Not only are most political employees mostly employed in positions where they are not productive, they are also a drain on the budget.
An employee when hired represents a stream of commitments from the budget for her lifetime and beyond given guarantees a of lifetime employment and pension and for pension to surviving widows and unmarried daughters. We show here what the expected compensation amounts to. We calculate the present value of the government commitment here. This is the value that the government must place in a bond to make the hiring budget neutral for the coming generation. Otherwise, the cost will inflate in future budgets.
The estimates presented here are of immense value in understanding our fiscal predicament. We do hope that politicians and media will use them in a debate on our fiscal situation. Like all estimates they are based on available data and some assumptions.
Agricultural Commodity Markets in Pakistan: Analysis of Issues
Authors: Ahmed Samir , Ali Mansoor
Published: July 2024

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Agriculture markets in Pakistan are still primarily based on a colonial-era model and have not modernised with changing times. This has increased unnecessary costs in the supply chains that put growers and end-consumers at a disadvantage. Additionally, price and supply volatility causes insecurity for policy-makers as information about prices, supply and demand is not structured, timely or reliable.
For decades, agricultural markets have functioned without government focus on innovation. Recent initiatives from various federal and provincial agencies provide hope that this vital area can now finally be addressed. Numerous constraints need to be resolved to bring meaningful change to the ecosystem. The process must start with a fresh policy look and commitment to adopt modern themes. This policy process can be supported by technology and successful lessons from other countries as well as developments in other sectors within the country.
There is a need to develop a certain level of coordination between various federal and provincial agencies. The increasingly fragmented nature of agriculture markets might be useful for some stakeholders as they can innovate according to their needs but it leaves most of the sector at a continually suboptimal level. The lack of progress in modernising core markets has also made it difficult for some innovative solutions to succeed. A rapid assessment of the current environment, key constraints and recommendations for possible development areas is presented in this report.
Economic War: Ukraine and the Global Conflict between Russia and the West by Maximilian Hess
Authors: Shahid Rameen
Published: July 2024

“Economic War: Ukraine and the Global Conflict between Russia and the West” by Maximilian Hess is not only a historical account of a conflict between Russia and the West but a critical analysis of the economic power struggles between the two. The book explicitly highlights the political problem that emerged when Russian President Vladimir Putin hit Ukraine in 2014 and the economic warfare that followed the event. Hess explores Russian strategies behind the scenes and against the sanctions, focused on pursuing global power. The author’s extensive research and deep analytical skills make the book an essential part of the knowledge impartation related to the intricate economic problems found within the conflict between Russia and the West on an international scale.
Maximilian Hess is a political risk analyst, consultant, and research fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute. Hess possessed notable strengths in the areas of trade, debts, diplomacy, and foreign policy. These strengths allowed him to become an accomplished writer who could effectively discuss the economic problems that affected Russia and the West. He has authored numerous articles on Russia and its neighbouring countries, which eventually led to the publication of his first book in partnership with Hurst and Oxford University Press in 2023.
In “Economic War: Ukraine and the Global Conflict between Russia and the West,” the author asserts that the present confrontation between Russia and the West is not the new Cold War but a struggle to influence the spheres of finance, energy, and capital markets. Economic war is defined as “the use of economic means to achieve geopolitical objectives or the use of geopolitical objectives to achieve economic ends.” Hess merges history with an analysis of the economic war, which has a long-term effect on liberalism, democracy, and the structure of the world’s economy. The author gives a clear and profound description of how the West preferred to use international markets to inflict pain on the Kremlin, and the Russian reaction was to seek the involvement of countries like China, Turkey, and Iran in the process.
Moreover, the author insists on the fact that in the short term, Russian oil production is at its maximum, and the consequences of shutting off the Russian market for European gas will be substantive. This is indeed a valid concern because Gazprom, a Russian statecontrolled firm, supplied almost one-third of all gas consumed in Europe until Ukraine interrupted supplies and exposed the dangers of over-reliance on a single energy provider. This demonstrates how Russia’s gas blockade would severely impact Europe. Similarly, the author’s analysis and concrete examples strengthen analytical rigorousness about possible economic effects, thus enriching the previous literature, which does not entirely address issues in the context of economic warfare.
Mapa conceitual para uma introdução cartográfica: Pessoa em situação de rua em Dourados - MS
Authors: Felipe Lube Barbara Hellen , Sathler Conrado Neves , Dutra Maria de Lourdes
Published: July 2024

Este artigo se refere a um mapeamento dos processos conceituais ocorridos às(ao) autor(as) durante o levantamento da dinâmica da População em Situação de Rua (PSR) na cidade de Dourados, MS – Brasil. A partir das concepções de campos teórico e prático, observações, experiências, leituras e memórias, de debates no grupo de pesquisa TDI - Território, Discurso e Identidade e, ainda, somadas às considerações da banca no exame de qualificação de dissertação produzida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, foi construída uma nuvem de palavras com os conceitos de Capitalismo, Colonialidade e Território, entre outros, para analisar seus atravessamentos na PSR. Este mapeamento conceitual foi construído com o objetivo de elaborar as percepções moldadas na elaboração da pesquisa e nas reflexões sobre a PSR. O resultado final foi a produção de uma escrita no modelo cartográfico, uma vez que acompanha as pistas no desenvolvimento conceitual e das ações, sem métrica preestabelecida. Apontamos uma (in)visibilidade seletiva da PSR diante de outros grupos e do Estado. Nesse percurso, observamos um objeto em constante movimento que não permite conclusões estanques e percebemos ser imprescindível a consideração da realidade social encontrada pela PSR para novas produções que possam resultar em produtos significativos de acolhimento e assistência a esse grupo. Desta forma, este texto se dirige a cientistas sociais, geógrafos e historiadores que pesquisam o grupo de PSR.
SISTEMATIK REVIEW EFEKTIVITAS DAN MANFAAT PRENATAL YOGA TERHADAP KELUHAN NYERI PUNGGUNG PADA IBU HAMIL
Authors: Mardliyana Nova Elok
Published: July 2024

Objective: Back pain is one of the discomforts experienced by pregnant women, usually occurring in the lumbosacral area, namely in the size of the waist and pelvis. One way to reduce this discomfort is to do physical activity during pregnancy, including prenatal yoga or pregnancy yoga. Yoga in pregnancy involves particular movements and techniques beneficial for pregnant women, such as relaxation techniques, which can reduce the discomfort arising from body changes during pregnancy. This research aims to determine the effectiveness and benefits of prenatal yoga or pregnancy exercises for back pain in pregnant women.
 
Methods:  The research method used is a systematic review. Research sources were obtained from searching scientific articles via the internet with the Google Scholar database from 2012-2023 using PICO "pregnant women and prenatal yoga and back pain," resulting in 1,500 pieces after identification, screening, and eligibility through inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five articles that fit the inclusion criteria.
 
Results: The five journal articles discuss the benefits and effectiveness of complementary therapy, namely prenatal yoga or pregnancy yoga, to reduce the intensity of back pain experienced by pregnant women. One article compares the point of pregnancy exercise and pregnancy yoga, proving that pregnancy yoga is more effective in reducing back pain than pregnancy exercise.

Conclusion: The conclusion based on this research shows that prenatal yoga or pregnancy yoga is effective and proven to help overcome or reduce the intensity of back pain in pregnant women
La medicina en el Macondo de Gabriel García Márquez
Authors: Rada Esclbar Robin Alonso
Published: July 2024

Gabriel García Márquez, un maestro indiscutible del realismo mágico, ha creado un mundo literario en el que se mezclan de manera intrincada lo extraordinario, lo mundano, lo real y lo imaginario, pero sin embargo podemos colegir que en medio de todo el “realismo mágico” hay aspectos auténticos que soportan cada descripción como bien lo afirma cuando manifiesta  en una de sus frase "En ninguno de mis libros hay una sola línea que no tenga su origen en un hecho real.”  Los médicos aparecen en este mundo mágico no solo como personajes secundarios en la obra, o como producto de los mitos, sino como símbolos con múltiples significados. Los médicos son representaciones de la intersección entre la ciencia, la magia, el arte, la modernidad y la tradición, la racionalidad y la locura en la obra de García Márquez. A través de sus acciones y presencia, nos invitan a pensar en la condición humana, la lucha contra lo desconocido y los límites del conocimiento.
Prioridades OMS para 2020-2030: una mirada bioética II
Authors: Balseca-Ruiz María José , Becerra-Ríos Claudia , Díaz Delgado Nair Yaneth , Montoya-Sánchez Laura , Portilla-Camacho Gloria Amparo , Tafur-Gómez Nathalia , Vallejo-Echavarría Juliana , Trujillo-Quesada Carlos Arturo , Rey-Serrano Juan José , Gamboa Bernal Gilberto Alfonso
Published: July 2024

Las prioridades estratégicas que definió la Organización Mundial de la Salud para su labor en la década 2020-2030 son el sustrato de este trabajo. El mismo grupo interdisciplinario de profesionales de la salud que reflexionó en la primera entrega sobre las prioridades relacionadas con lograr poblaciones más sanas, continúa con otras prioridades orientadas a lograr una cobertura sanitaria universal y un mejor manejo de las emergencias sanitarias. En las conclusiones de la segunda entrega se destaca la importancia de desarrollar cada una de las prioridades involucrando a la sociedad civil, la familia y los medios de comunicación. La manera de hacerlo será haciendo girar todas las iniciativas de ejecución alrededor de estrategias educativas adecuadamente planteadas en todos los niveles, sin que se admitan injerencias ni presiones, para recuperar así la confianza necesaria para conseguir las soluciones que son buenas para el ser humano, el ecosistema y las futuras generaciones.
SİYASİ STRATEJİ BAĞLAMINDA VII. KLEOPATRA VE CAESAR’IN NİL SEYAHATİ
Authors: Güzel Eylem
Published: July 2024

XII. Ptolemaios öldükten sonra, erkek kardeşi XIII. Ptolemaios ile egemenlik mücadelesine giren VII. Kleopatra, bir iç savaş olarak ortaya çıkan İskenderiye Savaşı’nın hemen ardından şahsi ve siyasi yakınlaşma içinde olduğu Romalı müttefiki Caesar ile birlikte Nil Nehri üzerinde seyahate çıkmıştır. Yukarı Mısır’da bulunan yerleşimleri, maden yataklarını, taş ocaklarını ve ticaret merkezlerini ziyaret eden çift Aethiopia’ya ulaşmadan seyahati sonlandırmıştır. Çağdaş kaynaklarda bahsi geçmeyen seyahatin Suetonius, Appian, Athenaeus ve Lucan gibi çağdaş olmayan yazarların eserlerinde yer alması tartışmalara yol açmış, bu durum seyahatin gerçekleştiğini savunan/şüpheli bulan görüşleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Nil seyahati ile ilgili tartışmalar başta olmak üzere amacı, kapsamı ve siyasi ve stratejik hedefleri bu çalışmanın ana odağını oluşturmaktadır. Arkeolojik veriler, edebi kaynaklar ve modern görüşlerin bir arada değerlendirildiği çalışma, çağdaş antik kaynaklarda yer verilmediği için bilgi sahibi olamadığımız seyahatin romantik bir balayı seyahatinden ziyade siyasi hedefleri olan bir keşif seyahati olduğunu ve antik kaynaklarda anlatılanlardan fazlasını içerdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Bitcoin como reafirmação do direito de propriedade
Authors: PAVONI VANELLI VICTOR HUGO
Published: July 2024

O direito à propriedade sob o jusnaturalismo e sob o liberalismo clássico era visto como um direito individual essencial e não sujeito a qualquer relativização. Com o advento do “estado de bem-estar social” e do neoliberalismo, o conceito de propriedade foi paulatinamente relativizado ao argumento de que ele não poderia ser absoluto, sob pena de violação dos demais “direitos sociais”. De outro lado, o avanço da tecnologia permitiu o surgimento da Bitcoin e de sua block chain, que têm o propósito de viabilizar transações entre duas partes sem a necessidade de um terceiro interveniente, ou seja, um sistema inteiramente baseado em criptografia, que prescinde da confiança em terceiros intermediários. Estabelecidas tais premissas, o presente ensaio pretende abordar como o surgimento da Bitcoin, talvez pretensiosamente, veio a resgatar e reafirmar o direito clássico à propriedade, dadas as características dessa criptomoeda, tais como sua condição de reserva de valor, possibilidade de sua utilização como meio de troca (moeda), sua capacidade de desburocratização das transações e, principalmente, seu caráter inconfiscável (desde que utilizada da forma como foi concebida, mediante custódia privada) e impassível de manipulação.
Palavras-chave: propriedade; direito individual; Bitcoin; confiança.
Fillet weld strength analysis for cantilever loading: an investigation of single-sided fillet weld strength in bending applications
Authors: McPheron Tyler J. , M. Stwalley III Robert
Published: July 2024

Theoretical calculations for assessing the strength of a welded connection in design rely on two parameters: the tensile strength of the weld filler metal and the effective area. It is important to note that the type of load applied can significantly affect the theoretical strength of the weld. According to the AWS Structural Welding Code D1.1, when the load is applied parallel to the weld in a welded member, a reduction of 70% is recommended. This remaining factor of 0.30 has been determined through well-accepted tests to provide factors of safety between 2.2 for shearing forces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the weld and 4.6 for forces normal to the axis under service loading. When a load is applied perpendicular to the weld in a welded member, the entire value of the tensile strength of the weld filler metal is used to calculate the strength. However, there are no similar considerations for a load applied in a bending configuration. While it is not recommended for structural design, fillet welded members can experience loading that causes material deflection, resulting in a bending scenario. This is particularly relevant in repairs. The configuration of a cantilevered beam creates a different loading scenario with additional stresses on the weld, which differ from those of a perpendicular or parallel load. This research experiment was conducted to initially understand and analyze the strength of a GMAW weld under cantilevered bending and to derive a mathematical equation that provides a factor of safety in the range of 2.2-4.6, similar to the previous findings.
Recursos didácticos y adquisición de competencias orales en clase de ELE en la secundaria marfileña: el caso de los manuales ¡Ya estamos! 4ème y 3ème
Authors: Mimi Laphin Innocent , Villanueva Roa Juan de Dios
Published: July 2024

Este artículo examina la adquisición de competencias orales en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera en Costa de Marfil mediante el libro ¡Ya estamos! 4ème y 3ème. Hay que tener en cuenta que en Costa de Marfil el español solo se enseña con materiales escritos, con textos. Por lo tanto, el profesorado tiene que utilizar un medio puramente escrito, basado en un plan de clase impuesto, para llegar a la enseñanza/adquisición de competencias escritas y orales. Esto plantea la cuestión de cómo desarrollar las competencias orales utilizando materiales escritos. Para responder a esta pregunta, este estudio se propone analizar los datos cualitativos y cuantitativos obtenidos a través de una encuesta a 160 profesores de español en Costa de Marfil. El cuestionario anónimo pretende evaluar el libro ¡Ya estamos! en relación con las destrezas orales y proponer materiales audiovisuales para la enseñanza del ELE en Costa de Marfil para la adquisición de destrezas orales.
Transnational research in English language teaching: critical practices and identities. Rashi Jain, Bedrettin Yazan, Suresh Canagarajah (2022). UK: Bristol, Multilingual Matters, 264 Pages, ISBN: 9781788927468
Authors: Fu Benjing
Published: July 2024

The globalization of English and shifts demanded by the 21st century have modified the landscape of English language teaching (ELT) in the past decades (Blitvich, 2018). The members of such a globalized village now engage in diverse practices and identity formation processes (Kumaravadivelu, 2008; Silva, 2016). However, many studies on ELT globalization and transnationalism are dominated by specific communities of practice (e.g., US). Additionally, a global and inclusive picture of transnational research on ELT praxis and identity is missing. To fill these gaps, the present volume entitled “transnational research in English language teaching: critical practices and identities” aims to showcase the complex global ELT landscape across contexts and practitioners in order to deepen our understanding of the transnational research and practice. Jain, Yazan, and Canagarajah unified a range of inquiries on this topic drawing on language teachers, educators, and researchers from different backgrounds. The volume considers personal, professional, and theoretical foundations of transnational identities and pedagogical practices, which are shaped by communities of practice. Since this volume rests on trajectories and lived experiences of ELT professionals across the globe, it decenters and decolonizes research in the field and provides a geographically wide insight. Therefore, the book is beneficial for ELT students, teachers, researchers, and teacher educators in that their disciplinary vision could be expanded to a more just and inclusive landscape.
INTEGRATION OF VISION AND HIGH-PRECISION POSITIONING SYSTEMS FOR INTERVAL TRAIN CONTROL
Authors:   Joint-stock company “Research and design institute for information technology, signaling and telecommunications in railway transportation”, Moscow, Russia, Okhotnikov A.L.
Published: July 2024

The article considers various variants of interval regulation of train traffic. The purpose of technical solutions is to increase the capacity and throughput of the track section under the existing infrastructure development through the application of modern control technologies. One of the widespread variants of reducing the interval of trailing trains is "virtual coupling". The article shows that by using integrated vision and high-precision positioning systems it is possible to achieve a reduction in the inter-train interval, taking into account the integration of data from sensor sensors and navigation parameters with an acceptable range of errors and errors in the measurement and calculation of the braking curve. Reduction of the inter-train interval and fulfillment of high safety requirements can be achieved only through the use of modern hardware and software systems and increasing the requirements for measuring equipment (reduction of measurement errors) and accuracy of the train motion model (by reducing the error of calculations).
SEARCH FOR MACHINE LEARNING MODELS THAT BEST PERFORM OIL CONSUMPTION PREDICTION IN REGARD TO THE DYNAMICALLY CHANGING LOCOMOTIVE FLEET
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Chernov V.Y. , Laushkin E.V. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT)
Published: July 2024

The analysis of dependencies between input data has been carried out for motor oil consumption forecasting. Algorithms for machine learning have been selected, preliminary testing and cross-validation of hyperparameters have been carried out. The most effective algorithms for this task have been chosen.
ATMOSPHERIC OPTICAL CONTROL CHANNEL FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Zhuravleva L.M. , Truong D.H. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Aliyev S.S. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Stretiy A.Y. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Alexandrin I.G. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT)
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the possibility of using an atmospheric optical channel (AOC) for the control channel of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The problems that need to be solved for the implementation of the project with AOK are listed. The main tasks are to determine the coordinates of the UAV and the formation of an ascending channel. The methods of solving the tasks are proposed, which are based on the idea of creating a phased array antenna for the AOK. This requires the restoration of the contour of the projection of an inclined cone of light on a photographic matrix, measurements and calculations of the coordinates of the main diagonals of the ellipse and the vertex of the cone.
MATHEMATICAL MONITORING IN THE TASKS OF MODELING GEOOBJECTS UNDER SHOCK, EXPLOSIVE AND SEISMIC UNSTEADY WAVE EFFECTS
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Musayev V.K.
Published: July 2024

Information is provided on the mathematical monitoring of the transient process in various tasks (geoobjects) under nonstationary wave influences. A set of programs has been developed for studying problems using mathematical monitoring. Some unique aboveground and underground tasks (geoobjects) were solved under conditions of non-stationary fundamental impacts.
CONTEMPORARY DIGITAL APPROACH TO THE SPANISH LANGUAGE TEACHING FOR FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE SPHERE OF INTELLECTUAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia, Zhamaletdinova E.Kh. , Kalashnikova O.K. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2024

This article provides an extensive overview of the importance and benefits of incorporating digital technologies into foreign language teaching, particularly in the case of Spanish. It highlights the way digital tools and methods can enhance the learning process, increase students’ motivation and efficiency, and develop critical thinking and information search skills. The article also lists various applications and programs that can be used to teach Spanish, such as ConjuGato, SpanishDict, and Quizlet, as well as online resources like YouTube, Telegram, and Skribbl.io. Additionally, it discusses the use of digital platforms like Notion, Moodle, and various educational websites, open educational resources, professional development platforms, and teaching community platforms. The article emphasizes the need for adapting to the digital era in education to stay competitive in the global job market and to meet the evolving needs of students in the 21st century.
THE ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF TRAINING PROFESSIONAL VOCABULARY TO STUDENTS OF THE MASTER'S PROGRAM AT A TRANSPORT UNIVERSITY, DEVELOPMENT OF INDIVIDUAL STRATEGIES
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Klimasheva O.V.
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to a practical analysis of the process of teaching new professional vocabulary to students of a master's course; examples of tasks used in classes with masters studying in the field of “Technosphere Safety” are considered. The article indicates possible reasons for failures in the process of memorizing new vocabulary and suggests possible solutions. Also, the results of a survey of students are considered in order to identify specific strategies used by students for mastering the special vocabulary of the English language in this area and identifying the most effective ones.
Tecnologia para produção de mudas de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia em função de doses de fertilizantes de liberação controlada
Authors: Borba Luiz Gustavo Lopes , Silva Pedro Henrique Pereira da , Santos Emilly Ketle Enedino dos , Silva Miquéias Alcaniz Gomes da , Pacheco Mauro Vasconcelos
Published: July 2024

Mimosa caesalpiniifolia é uma espécie arbórea nativa da Caatinga utilizada pelas indústrias madeireiras e energéticas. O biochar é um subproduto da combustão incompleta da madeira. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento inicial de mudas de M. caesalpiniifolia em função das seguintes doses de fertilizante de liberação controlada (FLC) adicionadas ao substrato: 2, 4, 8 e 10g, além do controle (0g). Aos 90 dias após a semeadura, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do coleto, massa seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, volume da raiz e o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD). Todas variáveis, exceto diâmetro e IQD foram influenciadas diretamente pelo FLC, onde a adição de 2g de FLC apresentou os melhores resultados para a produção de mudas dessa espécie.
Estimativa da área basal utilizando metodologia de área fixa e variável num fragmento florestal no semiárido Piauiense
Authors: Evangelista Avellar Gleice , Alves Saraiva Walterlin , Ribeiro Andressa , Bezerra Zanella Ana Claudia , Carlos Ferraz Filho Antônio
Published: July 2024

Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a área basal em um fragmento florestal localizado no município de Cristino Castro, Piauí. Para isso, foram utilizadas duas metodologias: o método de área variável, utilizando a barra de Bitterlich com diferentes valores do fator K (T1 = 4,232; T2 = 3,038; T3 = 1,871; T4 = 1,282; T5 = 0,484 e T6 = 0,122) e o método de área fixa com um inventário florestal de parcelas quadrangulares (30 m x 30 m). Uma análise de variância dos erros entre os métodos foi conduzida à 95% de probabilidade de acerto. Os resultados mostraram diferenças estatísticas entre os erros dos tratamentos T2 e T4. A estimativa da área basal média pelo método da área fixa foi de 17,4 m²ha-1. O fator que proporcionou o melhor resultado foi o T4 (barra com abertura de 1,585 cm), com um erro médio de 27%. A maior diferença entre a área basal estimada pelo método de área fixa e variável foi de 22,4 m²ha-1 (T1). Portanto, para praticidade na amostragem florestal, o uso da barra de Bitterlich pode ser empregado, levando em consideração o fator K para menores erros de amostragem e um aumento nos pontos de amostragem.
Palavras-chave: Relascópio de Bitterlich, Manejo Florestal, Inventário Florestal, Caatinga
Análise da carga física de trabalho em ambiente de marcenaria
Authors: Lopes Quirino Natália Isabel , Neto Pedro , Cipriano Flávio , Staynne Vinícius , Nobrega Edyla , Guimarães Pompeu
Published: July 2024

Neste estudo, analisou-se a carga física de trabalho em uma marcenaria, com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto nas condições de trabalho do operador. A pesquisa foi realizada na marcenaria da Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Florestal da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos. Diversas atividades foram investigadas, incluindo medição, marcação e corte de madeira, lixamento, montagem de peças e utilização de ferramentas como serra circular, lixadeira de bancada, lixadeira roto orbital, martelo, furadeira e pregos. A carga física de trabalho foi avaliada por meio de um monitor de frequência cardíaca Xoss, modelo X2H, que o marceneiro usou enquanto executava suas tarefas. Os dados da frequência cardíaca foram categorizados conforme a metodologia de Apud (1989), que classifica a carga de trabalho em diferentes níveis com base na frequência cardíaca. Os resultados revelaram que a carga de trabalho foi classificada como "leve" de acordo com a classificação de Apud. A carga cardiovascular não ultrapassou 40%, o que significa que não serão necessárias pausas durante o trabalho. Isso tem implicações significativas para a saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores e pode ajudar a melhorar as condições de trabalho nesse ambiente específico.
Inventário Fitossociológico do Bioma Caatinga na Cidade de Encanto/RN
Authors: Albuquerque Silva Leandro Nicholas , de Souza Rocha Stefany Caroliny de Souza Rocha , Silva Cassia , Nascimento Silva Maria Janaina , Santos souza Cleyton dos
Published: July 2024

Informações acerca de levantamentos fitossociológicos de espécies florestais são de extrema importância na recuperação de áreas degradada, e ter estas informações para espécies florestais do bioma Caatinga é o primeiro passo para assertividade e sucesso. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar uma diagnose do recurso florestal lenhoso presente na região de estudo, de modo a obter informações e dados para subsidiar a elaboração de projetos de restauração e recuperação de áreas degradadas. Foi realizado um inventário fitossociológico na Cidade de Encanto/RN na fazenda morro do encanto com área de aproximadamente 33ha. Para coleta dos dados foram instaladas 09 unidades amostrais de 3600m², de forma aleatória. Foi mensurados 401 indivíduos, 13 espécies, com densidade de 1063 indivíduos ha-1 com área basal de 4,41 m³ há-1. A espécie com maior valor de importância (IVI%), foi a Cordia glazioviana. com a maior densidade, frequência relativa, dominância, valor de cobertura com classes de diâmetro de 3,5 cm e 6,5 cm, e variação de altura entre 2 e 4 metros. A estrutura da vegetação é lenhosa aberta, baixa e com menor biomassa e maiores populações de Cordia glazioviana.
Un análisis de la constitucionalidad y convencionalidad de los sistemas algorítmicos y la inteligencia artificial en Colombia
Authors: Ulrich Astaiza William Eugene
Published: July 2024

La aparición de los sistemas que contienen algoritmos y la inteligencia artificial han obligado al Estado a replantear el entendido de las leyes y sus efectos. El desconocimiento de la materia y los problemas que esto puede acarrear llevan a preguntarse si Colombia está listo para proteger a los ciudadanos de los posibles efectos preguntarse nocivos de dichos sistemas. El presente artículo buscará explicar, utilizando la Constitución Política de 1991 y la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos, que sí existe dicho andamiaje y que es posible legislar sobre el asunto para ofrecer mayores garantías utilizando como base el sistema jurídico vigente.
Reseña de la resolución del caso Gutiérrez Nava y otros vs Honduras, emitida por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Alue Ramírez Obed
Published: July 2024

La resolución emitida en el caso que se reseña en el presente trabajo, enmarca un caso de actualidad que estudia, desde diversos ángulos, las violaciones a los derechos fundamentales de las personas que integran el poder judicial de Honduras, estableciendo jurisprudencia obligatoria para cada uno de los países americanos que han aceptado la jurisdicción de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CoIDH).