bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transparência das informações sobre as atividades dos Conselhos Municipais de Saúde
Authors: Traldi Maria Cristina
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: realizar análise comparativa na transparência das informações disponibilizadas em sites eletrônicos pelos Conselhos Municipais de Saúde, de municípios do interior paulista. Método: estudo longitudinal realizado com dados secundários em 2023, considerando dois momentos distintos (2009 e 2023), e usando o Google® e busca sistemática de websites de Conselhos de Saúde ou link hospedado no portal de cidades com mais de 100 mil habitantes. As variáveis elencadas foram: legislação, composição, renovação, documentos, calendário, contato e, atualização, registradas em planilha de forma binária, utilizadas no escore e estatística descritiva. Resultados: houve aumento de 250% de conselhos municipais com informações veiculadas em websites, passando de 16 (23,2%) para 56 (81,1%). Apenas dois, entre 16 (12,5%) em 2009, e 14 (25%) conselhos, entre 56 em 2023, alcançaram escores elevados de transparência. Sete conselhos regrediram e outros dois mantiveram escores baixos de transparência. Conclusão: verificou-se evolução na transparência dos conselhos, contudo, os níveis observados estão aquém dos padrões da boa governança pública.
Actividad antimicrobiana y antibiopelicula del extracto vegetal Sambucus canadensis en bacterias patogenas transmitidas por alimentos
Authors: Velazquez Guadalupe , Ortega Morente Elena , Cobo Molinos Antonio , Perez Armendariz Beatriz
Published: November 2023

Los alimentos contaminados por patógenos forman biopelículas con una alta resistencia a biocidas, desinfectantes y antibióticos. Los extractos vegetales pueden ser una alternativa potencial para combatirlos. Este estudio evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana y anti biopelícula de un extracto vegetal (Sambucus canadensis) utilizado ampliamente en comunidades indígenas de México. El trabajo se realizó con bacterias aisladas de alimentos orgánicos. Las pruebas antimicrobianas mostraron actividad en todas las cepas evaluadas principalmente en S. aureus 976, S. entérica 915, E. coli 47553 (CMI 65.1 y 50 µg/mL) respectivamente. Respecto a la obstrucción en la formación de biopelícula se encontraron resultados significativos menores a 35 % a la concentración más baja 0.01 µg/mL frente a las cepas S. aureus CECT 976 y E. coli 47553. Respecto a los resultados en la disgregación del biopelicula las bacterias E. coli CECT 4757, S. aureus CECT 976 y S. aureus CECT 4465 lograron hasta un 36 % de disgregación en la concentración más baja de 0.01 µg/mL siendo estadísticamente significativo respecto al control (p < 0.001). Los resultados indican que el extracto vegetal tiene un alto potencial de actividad antibiopelícula frente a bacterias que afectan la inocuidad de los alimentos y plantean riegos para la salud de las personas.
Diagnostics of chlamydia infection in perennial allergic rhinitis using medical expert systems
Authors:   Tver State Medical University, Tver, 170100, Russia, Portenko E. G. , Burdo G. B. ,   Tver State Technical University, Tver, 170026, Russia, Kuznetsova V. S. ,   Tver State Medical University, Tver, 170100, Russia, Vashnevskaya N. A. ,   Tver State Medical University, Tver, 170100, Russia
Published: November 2023

Increasing the reliability of diagnosing otorhinolaryngological diseases is a rather urgent scientific task. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to create a methodology for diagnosing the presence of chlamydial infection in perennial allergic rhinitis, suitable for its use as a knowledge base in a medical expert system. Based on the results of management of patients with confirmed perennial allergic rhinitis, who, according to the results of basic treatment, had an unstable remission, symptoms of chlamydial infection were established, and a method for determining its presence was developed. All symptomatic data were divided into four groups of signs, a total of 23 indicators were proposed, some of which are mandatory for establishing a diagnosis, and some are alternative. The forecasting technique is based on the analysis of the ratio of mandatory and alternative features and was presented in the form of clear rules suitable for implementation in the MATLAB computing environment. A feature of the methodology is a targeted increase in the reliability of the forecast, which eliminates the redundancy of surveys. The task of creating a knowledge base for medical expert systems was solved. The practical value of the results of the work is to increase the reliability of diagnosing perennial allergic rhinitis caused by chlamydial infection. It was found that the identified 23 diagnostic indicators provide a fairly reliable prediction of the presence of chlamydial infection.
Discriminant Analysis for Determination of Early Childhood Education Accreditation In Southeast Sulawesi Province
Authors: Makkulau Makkulau , Wibawa Gusti N.A. , Ampa Andi Tenri , Dio Andi Tenri , Harini Sri , Mulyanto Angga Dwi
Published: November 2023

Discriminant Analysis is a statistical analysis that can classify cases on independent variables into groups or categories of dependent variables. The main objective of this research is classify eight indicators of the National education standards (SNP) early childhood and classify the accreditation value of early childhood (PAUD) in Southeast Sulawesi Province. The method used in this study used discriminant analysis. Accreditation value factors used in this study include Standards for Child Development Achievement Levels (X1), Content Standards (X2), Process Standards (X3), Standards for Educators and Education Personnel (X4), Facilities and Infrastructure Standards (X5), Management Standards (X6), Financing Standards (X7) and Education Assessment Standards (X8). Based on the results of data analysis, 8 SNP Indicators qualify as a form of discriminant equation model and accreditation value obtained based on the calculations of the National accreditation organization (BAN) PAUD and Non Fromal Education (PNF) Southeast Sulawesi are classified as follows: there are divided into 3 classifications, namely Accreditation C is 91.7%, Accreditation B is 85.1%, and for Accreditation A is 100%. So, the accuracy of the classification is 87.5%.
Sonancias y disonancias, una escucha al paisaje sonoro ucraniano en el contexto del Holodomor (1932-1933)
Authors: Vasquez Zarate G. Angelica
Published: November 2023

El artículo presenta el paisaje sonoro reconstruido en el contexto de la hambruna artificial (Holodomor), desatada en Ucrania (1932-1933), a partir del análisis hermenéutico del testimonio publicado por Miron Dolot, denominado Execution by Hunger: The Hidden Holocaust. El resultado del estudio mostró que durante el proceso de colectivización de tierras los bolcheviques alteraron el entorno sonoro del lugar de residencia de la víctima, con el propósito de establecer un nuevo patrón de comportamiento y hacer de un territorio desconocido uno reconocible y susceptible de ser poseído, para con ello dar origen a un sujeto universal, carente de historia, clase social e identidad étnica que actuara bajo los valores e ideales promovidos por el socialismo soviético.
The Politics of Undoing Gender in Virginia Woolf’s Orlando and Yann Martel’s Self
Authors:   The Korean Society For Teaching English Literature, Lee Seul
Published: November 2023

This paper examines intertextuality between Virginia Woolf’s Orlando and Yann Martel’s Self, focusing on the way in which each text grapples with undoing gender essentialism. Despite being set in different times and spaces, both novels demonstrate common threads: the protagonist challenges binary gender norms and heteronormativity; their gender is unintentionally transformed. In this regard, Martel’s novel should be understood as a successor to Woolf’s Orlando, as it is advertised as “A Modern-Day Orlando” by the publisher. Strangely enough, however, both texts have rarely been examined together. Thus, I argue that Orlando and Self resonate with one another as they explore gender and sexual fluidity through their main characters while simultaneously problematizing fixed categories of sex, gender, and sexuality, along with language derived from binary and heterosexual assumptions. Woolf and Martel experiment and break down rigid distinctions of gender, language, and even literary genres by blending biographical or autobiographical forms with other literary styles in their respective novels. Gender nonconformity practiced by the two characters illustrates that gender is performativity and one’s self is constantly negotiated through interactions with others. Hence, this paper interrogates how Woolf and Martel envision gender non-conforming subjects’ livable lives to demonstrate the politics of queer life.
Sustainable food consumption attitudes and behavior: generational cohort differences
Authors:   International Hellenic University, Greece, Kamenidou Irene (Eirini) , Menexes George ,   Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, Gkitsas Stergios ,   Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Published: November 2023

This chapter explores generational cohorts’ attitudes towards and purchasing behaviour relating to different dimensions of sustainable food consumption (SFC). It examines differences in attitudes to SFC between generational cohort differences. It then develops a typology characterizing participants based on their attitudes towards SFC, based on generational, demographic, and other socioeconomic characteristics, which can be used to better understand consumption behaviour.
Behavioural change towards sustainable food consumption
Authors:   Technical University of Munich, Germany, Rozsnyói Réka , Abate Kassa Getachew ,   Technical University of Munich, Germany
Published: November 2023

Sustainable food consumption is one key factor that affects the transition towards a sustainable food system. This chapter attempts to highlight the factors that affect this transition considering the multidimensionality of food (e.g. environmental, social, economic, health and ethical effects) and taking into consideration consumer perceptions, attitudes and behaviours towards sustainable food consumption. Consumer values, perceptions, and intentions affect consumers’ food choices and motives, thereby affecting sustainable food consumption behaviours. In this context, the chapter provides knowledge and information about the heterogeneity and different segmentation of consumers, which is essential for the characterisation of sustainable food products and related diet compositions. Demographic characteristics (e.g. age, income, education, with the exception of gender) do not seem to have unequivocal positive or negative relationships with the consumers’ sustainable behaviour.
Understanding consumer attitudes to environmental sustainability issues in agricultural and food production
Authors:   Lincoln University, New Zealand, Saunders Caroline , Driver Tim ,   Lincoln University, New Zealand, Guenther Meike ,   Lincoln University, New Zealand
Published: November 2023

With current concerns about the environment, especially climate change, there is an increasing expectation from consumers that products have sustainability credentials and labels communicating these. This chapter assesses consumer attitudes, preferences and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for different environmental attributes in food products. This includes generic ("environmentally-friendly") and specific attributes, such as water protection, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction, biodiversity/wildlife protection, and waste management/reduction. While heterogeneous, international consumers exhibit positive preference and WTP for environmental attributes in food products. Some Asian market segments have indicated a willingness to pay significantly higher premiums for environmental attributes, including relative to European and North American markets. Premiums for environmental attributes vary between markets, with WTP ranges including the following: environmentally-friendly, 3-25%; water protection, 6-67%; GHG emissions reduction, 3-25%; biodiversity/wildlife protection, 4-56%; and waste management/reduction, 11-40%.
Antepfıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Bahçelerinde Kök Çürüklüğü ve Solgunluğa Neden Olan Fungal Etmenlerin Araştırılması: Siirt İli Lokasyonu, Türkiye
Authors: AYDIN Mehmet Hadi , İNAL Behcet , UZUN Tuba , AYDIN Yusuf , KAYALAR Berrin
Published: November 2023

Antepfıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) bahçelerinde son yıllarda kök çürüklüğü ve solgunluk gibi belirtiler gözlemlenmiş ve ağaçlarda kurumalar tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada kurumalara neden olan toprak kökenli fungal patojenler araştırılmıştır. Çalışma; Siirt ili Merkez, Eruh, Şirvan, Kurtalan ilçeleri ve köylerinde 2021-2022 yıllarında güdümlü örnekleme sörvey metoduna göre yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen fungus türleri, renk, gelişim durumları, spor yapıları gibi morfolojik karakterlerine ve ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) gen dizilerinin NCBI (The National Center for Biotechnology Information) gen bankasındaki diğer genlerle eşleştirme analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Patojenisite çalışması, bir yaşındaki Siirt çeşidi üzerinde yapılmış ve patojen izolatlar belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda ağırlıklı olarak Fusarium türleri (F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. verticillioides, F. equseti, F. acuminatum, F. avenaceaum, F. proliferatum, F. brchygibbosum, Fusarium spp.) ile Diaporthe hongkongensis, Scydalidium sp., Rosellinia sp., Nectria diminuta, Neoscytalidium dimitatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Phoma spp. ve Cylindrocarpon spp., izole edilmiş ve bunların farklı oranlarda patojen oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
Bazı Biber (Capsicum annuum L.) Çeşitlerinin Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949 ve Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae)’nın Farklı Popülasyon Yoğunluklarındaki Reaksiyonları
Authors: ARSLAN Tuğçenur , AYDINLI Gökhan , MENNAN Sevilhan
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışma, kök-ur nematodu türleri Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949 ve Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949’nın farklı başlangıç popülasyon yoğunluklarına (0, 500, 5000 yumurta/bitki) dört farklı biber (Capsicum annuum L.) çeşidinin (California Wonder, Çağlayan F1, Hazine F1, Uslu F1) reaksiyonlarını belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, saksı denemesi, kontrollü serada (25±2 °C) tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü yürütülmüş ve deneme bir kez tekrarlanmıştır. Nematod inokulasyonundan 8 hafta sonra, bitki gelişim kriterleri (yaprak sayısı, bitki boyu, gövde yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, kök ağırlıkları) değerlendirilmiştir. Köklerdeki urlanma oranı 0-10 skalasına göre değerlendirilmiş, köklerden elde edilen yumurtalar sayılarak nematod üreme faktörü hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, M. javanica’nın düşük inokulum yoğunluğu (500 yumurta/bitki) ile bulaştırılan Hazine F1 çeşidindeki yaprak sayısı hariç, bitki gelişim kriterleri nematod uygulamalarından negatif olarak etkilenmemiştir. Biber çeşitlerinin köklerindeki urlanma oranı, yüksek başlangıç popülasyon yoğunluğunda (5000 yumurta/bitki) genellikle artmasına rağmen, M. arenaria ile bulaştırılan Uslu F1 çeşidinde ve M. javanica ile bulaştırılan California Wonder çeşidinde önemli seviyede değişmemiştir. Ayrıca, bu iki biber çeşidi, her iki nematod türüne de dayanıklı reaksiyon göstermiştir. Çağlayan F1 ve Hazine F1 çeşidi ise M. javanica’ya hassas, M. arenaria karşı dayanıklı reaksiyon sergilemiştir. Bu nematod türleri ile bulaşık alanlarda dayanıklı biber çeşitlerin kullanılması, nematod mücadelesi açısında önemli bir avantaj sağlayacaktır. Buna karşın, biber çeşitlerinin dayanıklılık durumunun nematod popülasyonuna göre değişebileceği dikkate alınmalı ve bu nematod türleri ile bulaşık alanlarda önerilmeden önce bu nematod türlerinin farklı popülasyonları ile testlenerek dayanıklılığın stabil olup olmadığı araştırılmalıdır.
Zgrzyt, który przeradza się w działanie. O poszukiwaniu artystek, widoczności kobiet w akademii i dzieleniu się wiedzą
Authors: Sikorska Karolina
Published: November 2023

Artykuł problematyzuje działania artystyczno-archiwistyczne Iwony Demko dotyczące pierwszych studentek Akademii Sztuk Pięknych im. Jana Matejki w Krakowie. Rozpoznając swoje usytuowanie w akademii jako kobieta, artystka zdaje sprawę z trudności, jakich mogły doświadczać jej poprzedniczki, chcące studiować sztukę w czasach, gdy na akademię wstęp mieli wyłącznie mężczyźni. Przywracając historii sylwetki zapomnianych pierwszych studentek, Demko stawia pytania o miejsce kobiet w historii sztuki, sposoby konstruowania tego dyskursu, ale i o obraz akademii jako instytucji edukacyjnej. Przyjrzenie się tym działaniom skłania do refleksji nad zainicjowanymi przez artystkę sposobami wytwarzania i dzielenia się wiedzą.
Wędrówka przez las zjawisk. Centrum nauki jako projekt zmiany kulturowej
Authors: Iłowiecka-Tańska Ilona
Published: November 2023

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest centrum nauki jako instytucji pośredniego wychowania. Koncepcje wystaw i eksponatów Exploratorium — centrum nauki założonego w 1969 roku w San Francisco przez Franka Oppenheimera — przedstawione zostają jako inspiracja, która przyświecała utworzeniu warszawskiego Centrum Nauki Kopernik. Powstanie Kopernika zostaje osadzone w historycznym i kulturowym kontekście zmian dotyczących zarówno paradygmatu muzeów, jak i w szerszej perspektywie przekształcania się kulturowego wyobrażenia edukacji. Opis pedagogicznych założeń eksponatów i wystaw ma na celu rekonstrukcję nowego paradygmatu relacji między zwiedzającym a instytucją wystawienniczą, jaką jest centrum nauki. Kluczowa kwestia dotyczy modelowanej przez Kopernika relacji między społeczeństwem a nauką. Wprowadzona do społecznej praktyki edukacyjnej (upowszechniania kultury, w szczególności nauki) nowa instytucja ma w tym zamyśle uruchamiać nowe myślenie w skali ogólnospołecznej i prowadzić do zmiany społeczno-kulturowej.
The Imperative for Occupational Therapy in Children with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Arsovski Denis
Published: November 2023

Children with learning disabilities face unique challenges that can significantly impact their academic performance, social development, and overall well-being. This abstract explores the compelling need for occupational therapy (OT) as an essential intervention for children with learning disabilities. Drawing upon a growing body of research, this paper highlights the multifaceted nature of learning disabilities and the ways in which occupational therapy can effectively address these challenges. Learning disabilities encompass a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders that manifest as difficulties in acquiring and using listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities. These disabilities, often characterized by dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia, not only hinder academic achievement but also lead to emotional and psychological distress in affected children.
Occupational therapy, with its holistic approach plays a pivotal role in addressing the needs of children with learning disabilities. Occupational therapists are skilled in assessing a child's sensory, motor, cognitive, and emotional functions, thus enabling them to tailor interventions that cater to individual needs. This includes strategies to enhance fine and gross motor skills, sensory integration techniques, and cognitive exercises aimed at improving executive functions such as attention, planning, and organization. Furthermore, OT interventions extend beyond the classroom, encompassing activities of daily living (ADLs) and social participation. Children with learning disabilities often struggle with self-care tasks and establishing peer relationships. Occupational therapists can equip these children with essential life skills, boost self-esteem, and enhance social integration, thus fostering overall independence and resilience.
Research has consistently demonstrated the positive impact of occupational therapy on children with learning disabilities, with improvements noted in academic performance, self-regulation, and emotional well-being. Early intervention is key, as it can mitigate the long-term consequences of learning disabilities and empower children to reach their full potential. In conclusion, this abstract underscore the critical need for occupational therapy in children with learning disabilities. By addressing the complex and multifaceted nature of these disabilities, occupational therapists offer a holistic approach that fosters academic success, independence in daily life, and improved emotional well-being. As educators, parents, and healthcare professionals recognize the pivotal role of occupational therapy, greater support, and resources should be allocated to ensure that all children with learning disabilities receive the comprehensive care they deserve.
COMPARISON OF SPEAKERS LIZ TRUSS AND BORIS JOHNSON
Authors: Trampevska Sofia , Gramatkovski Biljana
Published: November 2023

Public political discourse is one of the most common ways for a politician to communicate with their voters. The aim of this study is to conduct an analysis and comparison of the speakers Liz Truss and Boris Johnson in their public appearances in front of the audience, where specific characteristics of political rhetoric will be explained in the following text. The speeches of Elizabeth (Liz) Truss differ in terms of length, style, and language she uses. Some of her speeches are strictly based on facts and descriptions of actions by historical figures, where the use of figurative language is very rare. However, there are speeches where the concept of metaphor is used in a prosperous and productive way. Entire domains such as country, economy, and the world are often combined with the original domain. This expresses the process of "building" or "creating" a better place to live or describing the desired way the country, economy, or the world should look, or the way to improve the current state. In contrast, Boris Johnson's speeches are more explicit, supplemented with emotional feelings, and a desire to evoke empathy among the entire audience.
The Influence of Elevated Temperature on the Efficiency of Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Klugmann-Radziemska Ewa
Published: November 2023

A widely used material for the photovoltaic (PV) arrays is crystalline silicon. The PV conversion losses of a power plant as a yearly average, include: light reflection losses (3,1%), low radiation and shadowing losses (3,2%), DC board losses (1,2%), DC/AC conversion losses (4%), mismatching losses (5,7%), temperature losses (7,6%), it can be stated that the major fraction of losses is related to the temperature increase of the sili-con solar cells.
In real operating conditions, solar cells and modules operate at different temperatures, either due to changes in ambient temperature (atmospheric conditions changing with the seasons) and cooling rate, depending on wind speed and insolation, rain, snow, etc., or due to changes in the amount of heat (electrical power lost on the internal resistance of the cell), emitted during their operation. The possibility of operation of these devices in ground applications in the temperature range from -20 to +70C should be taken into account. The given range, of course, does not apply to work in the tropics.
The detailed studies of the temperature on the electrical parameters of crystalline silicon solar cells have been presented. The theoretical justification of the temperature influence mechanism on the exploitation parameters of the silicon solar cells was submitted.
Photovoltaic cells and modules are of better quality, the lower the value of temperature coefficients, in particular, attention should be paid to the decrease in maximum power with increasing temperature.The experimental results were compared with the theoretical predictions and the results, obtained by other authors and producers.
The Component Connectivity of Leaf-Sort Graphs
Authors: Wang Shiying , Li Hongmei , Zhao Lina
Published: November 2023

In large-scale parallel computing and communication systems, an interconnect network structure is usually modeled as a graph, in which vertices and edges correspond to processors and communication links, respectively. In a graph, the vertices and edges are likely to fail, so we must think about the fault tolerance of a graph. Connectivity is an important parameter in the study of faulty tolerance for a graph.

In this paper, we study a special class of connectivity: $m$-component connectivity, this is a natural generalization of the classical connectivity of graphs defined in terms of the minimum vertex-cut.

Let $F$ is a vertex set of $G$ $(i.e, F\subseteq V(G))$, if the following conditions are satisfied, we say $F$ is a $m$-component cut: $(1)$ $G-F$ is disconnected; $(2)$ the number of components in $G-F$ is greater than or equal to $m$. In another word, the $m$-component connectivity $c\kappa_{m}(G)$ is defined as $min\{|F|~|~F\subseteq V(G)$ and $F$ is a $m$-component cut$\}$. Determining $m$-component connectivity is still unsolved in most interconnection networks even for small $m'$s.

Leaf-sort graph is a special Cayley graph, it has many special properties that are different from other Cayley graphs. So we need to pay attention to some of it's special properties when we study it.

In this paper, we can get the values: $c\kappa_{3}(CF_{n})=3n-6$ $(n$ is odd$)$ and $c\kappa_{3}(CF_{n})=3n-7$ $(n$ is even$)$ for $n\geq3$; $c\kappa_{4}(CF_{n})=\frac{9n-21}{2}$ $(n$ is odd$)$ and $c\kappa_{4}(CF_{n})=\frac{9n-24}{2}$ $(n$ is even$)$ for $n\geq4$; $c\kappa_{5}(CF_{n})=6n-16$ $(n$ is odd$)$ and $c\kappa_{5}(CF_{n})=6n-18$ $(n$ is even$)$ for $n\geq5$.
Computer-Aided Drug Design and Drug Discovery: A Prospective Analysis
Authors: Niazi* Sarfaraz K. , Mariam Zamara
Published: November 2023

In the dynamic landscape of drug discovery, Computer-rAided Drug Design (CADD) emerges as a transformative force, bridging the realms of biology and technology. This paper overviews CADD's historical evolution, categorization into structure-based and ligand-based approaches, and its crucial role in rationalizing and expediting drug discovery. As CADD advances, incorporating diverse biological data and ensuring data privacy become paramount. Challenges persist, demanding the optimization of algorithms and robust ethical frameworks. Integrating Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence amplifies CADD's predictive capabilities, yet ethical considerations and scalability challenges linger. Collaborative efforts and global initiatives, exemplified by platforms like Open Source Malaria, underscore the democratization of drug discovery. The convergence of CADD with personalized medicine offers tailored therapeutic solutions, though ethical dilemmas and accessibility concerns must be navigated. Emerging technologies like quantum computing, immersive technologies, and green chemistry promise to redefine the future of CADD. The trajectory of CADD, marked by rapid advancements, anticipates challenges in ensuring accuracy, addressing biases in AI, and incorporating sustainability metrics. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for proactive measures in navigating the ethical, technological, and educational frontiers of CADD to shape a healthier, brighter future in drug discovery.
A Mechanical Model of Pneumatic Muscle: Modeling, Simulation, Control and Experimental Validation
Authors: Chivu Catrina , Chivu Cătălin-Iulian , Georgescu Cătălin , Ichim Izabella
Published: November 2023

The pneumatic muscle is an actuator well known for its inherited compliance. In the last years, there have been a lot of applications of these actuators, mainly oriented toward medical devices. However, there are few papers that use muscle as a model associated with mechanical structures. These actuators are difficult to control because their stiffness depends on the applied pressure, determining a non-linear behavior. This article presents a model, created in Matlab, considering the muscle as a kinematic structure. The model is simulated as an individual structure and a PID controller is applied to test the response. Then, these results are validated by experimental tests done in the laboratory on different types of muscles. Comparison results validate the accuracy of the model.
Physical and Technological Aspects of Laser Induced Damage of ZGP Single Crystals under Periodically-Pulsed Laser Irradiation at 2.1 μm
Authors: Yudin Nikolay Yudin N. , Dyomin Victor , Gribenyukov Alexander , Antipov Oleg , Khudoley Andrei , Kinyaevskiy Igor O. , Zinovev Mikhail , Podzyvalov Sergey , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Slyunko Elena , Lysenko Alexey , Kalsin Andrey , Eranov Ilya , Baalbaki Houssain
Published: November 2023

Nonlinear properties of zinc germanium diphosphide (ZGP) crystals enable their ap-plications in powerful mid-IR optical parametric oscillators and second-harmonic generators. This paper summarizes mechanisms of the laser induced damage (LID) in high-purity ZGP crystals under periodically pulsed nanosecond irradiation by a Ho3+:YAG laser at 2.1 μm. The ZGP samples were manufactured by “LOC” Ent., Tomsk, Russia, or Harbin Institute of Technology, China. The impact of processing techniques and the post-growing methods for polishing and anti-reflection coating on the LID threshold are discussed. The importance of the defect structure of the crystal lattice and the parameters of transparent coatings for increasing the LID threshold is discussed. The impact of the test laser parameters on the LID threshold is analyzed. The transient area near the LID threshold obtained using digital holography is ana-lyzed. Influence of the pre-damage processes on the optical parametric oscillations is reported. Prospects for improving ZGP crystals to further increase the LID threshold are discussed.
Design of Additional Dissipative Structures for Seismic Retro-fitting of Existing Buildings
Authors: Bergami Alessandro Vittorio
Published: November 2023

This paper presents an innovative approach for improving the seismic protection of existing structures by introducing an additional dissipative structure (ADS). The seismic energy impacting the building can be dissipated through the contribution provided by the ADS, thereby reducing the need for the existing building to ensure its own seismic capacity. This retrofitting technique is well-suited for structures facing architectural restrictions or challenging-to-update elements. It can help address foundation issues by applying loads to new external components. This paper describes the design of the ADS and proposes a displacement-based design procedure. The design process involves a non-linear static analysis and a simple procedure that must be iteratively repeated until the retrofitting target is achieved. This approach is simple and computationally efficient and can also be used for complex and irregular structures. Such structures are frequently encountered, and existing structures often exhibit unusual geometries and materials requiring extensive numerical modeling. The efficacy of the technique was evaluated using two case studies involving a school building and a hospital located in central Italy. The results of numerical analyses indicated that owing to the ADS’s contribution, the seismic capacity of both the buildings was enhanced, ad-dressing the challenges associated with complex foundation interventions.
Manufacturing Waste for Sustainable Energy Generation: A Comprehensive Review of Current Methods and Future Trends
Authors: Khan Mohammad Osman
Published: November 2023

The paper presents a thorough examination of the burgeoning field of utilizing manufacturing waste for sustainable energy generation, aligning with the global imperative for resource efficiency and clean energy solutions. With the manufacturing sector being a significant contributor to waste generation, this study explores innovative approaches to transform waste materials into valuable resources, thereby mitigating environmental impacts and contributing to a circular economy. This work critically reviews current trends, emphasizing technological advancements, policy interventions, and market dynamics shaping the manufacturing waste utilization landscape. Noteworthy developments, such as advanced sorting technologies and the integration of digital solutions, are discussed in detail, showcasing their role in enhancing the efficiency of waste management processes. The study outlines future trends in the field, anticipating a shift towards closed-loop systems guided by circular economy principles. This comprehensive review aims to contribute to the discourse on sustainable waste management and energy generation by providing a holistic perspective on the field's current state and offering insights into the future trajectories that will propel manufacturing waste toward a more sustainable and circular future. The synthesis of technological innovation, collaborative efforts, and evolving regulatory frameworks presents a compelling case for the continued exploration of manufacturing waste as a valuable resource in the pursuit of a more sustainable and energy-efficient world.
Dynamic Analysis of a Pedestrian Bridge using Monitoring and Computational Techniques
Authors: Gamino André Luís , Hune Rafael Petille , Santos Ruan Richelly , Bragança Cássio Scarpelli Cabral de , Bittencourt Túlio Nogueira , Carvalho Hermes , Futai Marcos Massao
Published: November 2023

The soil-structure interaction represents an important parameter when analyzing the dynamic behavior of bridges, taking into account the integration between soil, foundation, and structure to ensure an adequate structural representation. In this paper, a computational modeling strategy using soil-structure interaction (SSI) methodology was applied to represent the dynamic behavior of a pedestrian bridge (LOP). The computational models were validated using monitoring results from an extensive structural health monitoring campaign. The bridge monitoring program was characterized using embedded sensors and cutting-edge technology for remote monitoring: ground-based radar interferometry and video motion amplification. The instrumentation results were compared to establish the capabilities and advantages of this novel remote monitoring technique. The experimental results obtained from free and forced vibrations in the asset served as a basis for validating the developed computational model and allowed evaluating the asset be-havior in service for different loading conditions. This paper emphasizes the SSI approach to represent the pedestrian bridge dynamic behavior more accurately, allowing computational models to represent the LOP structural responses over the course of its life-cycle.
Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Advice on YouTube: Unveiling Gaps, Emphasizing Inclusivity, and Striving for Comprehensive Guidance
Authors: Ahmed Frass , Jones Nicholas , Haque Mahfujul Z. , Jodoin Zachary
Published: November 2023

Background:

As orthopaedic surgery remains a highly competitive specialty, YouTube has emerged as a major online resource for medical students seeking guidance for residency applications. The credibility, thoroughness, and representation of the advice provided in these videos warrant a critical analysis.

Methods:

A YouTube search was conducted, and the top 100 videos were screened. Seventeen of the videos met the evaluation criteria. Three authors independently assessed these videos for 23 significant residency application variables. Content creators' qualifications, viewership, sex, and racial representation were also evaluated. Discrepancies were resolved through joint review and consensus.

Results:

Of the 17 evaluated YouTube videos on orthopaedic surgery residency, research experience and the United States Medical Licensing Exam Step 1 score were the most discussed variables. Videos hosted by orthopaedic physicians received fewer views on average than those hosted by nonorthopaedics. Minority representation varied, with Asian-identifying creators receiving the highest average views. Male-hosted videos had greater viewership compared with female creators.

Conclusion:

YouTube videos on orthopaedic surgery residency focused on research experience, reflecting changes in National Resident Matching Program's application evaluation metrics. The ambiguity of advice on research type and underemphasis on other crucial factors, such as letters of recommendation and interview performance, suggest the need for more comprehensive guidance. Moreover, the videos' demographic disparity compared with the actual field indicates the need for more diverse representations among content creators. We recommend that orthopaedic organizations create tailored and comprehensive guidance for prospective applicants.
Gerhard Oberhammer. Introduction to “Pakṣilasvāmin’s Introduction to his Nyāyabhāṣyam”
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Titlin Lev
Published: November 2023

The publication is a commented translation and study of the work “Pakṣilasvāmin’s Introduction to his Nyāyabhāṣyam” by a prominent Austrian indologist and intercultural philosopher G.R.F. Oberhammer. The author examines the background of Oberhammer’s research, gives a brief information about the school of Nyāya and focuses on how Oberhammer demonstrates the history of Nyāya and its becoming aware of itself as a philosophical system based on the short text of Pakṣilasvāmin (Vātsyāyana) introduction to his Nyāyabhāṣyam. In his article, Oberhammer answers the question why such heterogeneous parts as elements of the theory of argumentation borrowed from the ancient tradition of Vāda (the theory of debate), logic and epistemology, cosmology and the doctrine of the soul and its liberation from the bonds of saṁsāra (soteriology) were combined into the harmonious philosophical system of Nyāya and how this happened during the development of the school due to its becoming aware of itself as a method of searching for truth (and what this truth is from the point of view of Nyāya), how this was helped by creative borrowing from another philosophical school – Yoga. The publication is prefaced by a brief history of the Viennese oriental and indological school, to which Oberhammer belongs.
Questions on the modes of distinctions.
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation (Russia), Ivanov Vitaly L.
Published: November 2023

This publication is a translation of a Latin text by the Franciscan philosopher and theolo­gian of the first third of the 14th century, Petrus Thomae (c. 1280–1340). Petrus Thomae is one of the early followers of the philosophy and theology of John Duns Scotus and probably the most interesting and important metaphysician belonging to the emerging among the Franciscan scholars in the 1310s–1330s “schola Scotica”. We have translated the text of the 7th question from the metaphysical treatise of Petrus Thomae “Questions on the modes of distinctions” (written around 1325). This question is an explication of the concept of “formality” fundamental to the early Scotist tradition and its relation­ship with the metaphysical concept of a thing, as well as an analysis of the problem most discussed among the first followers of Scotus: to what extent the formal distinction (or the distinction between formalities) coincides with or differs from the real distinction as a distinction between different things. Thus, this rather brief question by Petrus is an exploration of a problematic at the heart of the metaphysics and epistemology of the early Scotists, and of paramount importance both for the consideration of questions of scholastic theology and for the philosophical analysis of finite being and its constitu­tion. The translation from Latin was made from the “working edition” of the Latin text of this question prepared by the translator, which was constituted on the basis of a colla­tio of 6 manuscripts of the 14th–15th centuries. The translation is accompanied by a histo­rical and philosophical commentary and preliminary remarks by the translator.
On the problem of describing semantic structures and semantic activity in formal mathematics and logic
Authors:   Foundation for Humanities (Russia), Shiyan Taras A.
Published: November 2023

The text considers the impossibility of abstracting away from the sense of formal con­structions in logical and mathematical researches. The validity of the application of the “formal methodology” is allowed only after some system of conventional notations and agreements has been accepted. The context determined by such agreements is called formal. A correlation of constructions and results obtained by formal methods within sev­eral formal contexts is impossible without a consideration of the various semantic aspects of the correlated formal constructions. The author calls such correlations intercontextual. The paper examines two examples of such intercontextual comparisons to demonstrate the necessity of taking into account different semantic components of the compared for­mal constructions. In the context of these conclusions, the author raises the question of the structure and origin of some senses of the “symbols” used in formal constructions and of the “sequences of symbols” constructed from them. The author identifies three main sources of the semantic load carried by formal constructions. Firstly, these are the various aspects of semiotic usage: first of all, the general cultural and general profes­sional semiotic skills of the “interpreter”. Secondly, it is the sense given to formal con­structions by verbal comments, descriptions of the construction process and the associ­ated knowledge of the “interpreter”. Thirdly, these are the senses set by the formal con­structions themselves: at the stage of defining a formal language and at the stage of con­structing a formal deductive or semantic system. The author also considers the fallacy of the assumption of the existence of some universal “global intuition” associated with the very possibility of formal methodology.
The animalistic turn in philosophy and bioethics and the Kantian line in the protection of animal rights
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Popova Olga V.
Published: November 2023

The article considers the influence of I. Kant’s ideas on the development of philosophical and bioethical discourse on animal rights. The doctrine of I. Kant, with its inherent anthropocentric attitude, is usually regarded as opposed to the spirit of the biocentric po­sition that has been characteristic of Anglo-Saxon utilitarianism since the time of I. Ben­tham. The Kantian approach is supposed to ignore the issue of animal rights. In the arti­cle, the author argues that the teachings of I. Kant had a significant impact on the for­mation of the discourse on animal rights not only in the sense that animal rights activists perceived the ideas of I. Kant as arguments of their ideological opponent, which should be questioned, but also in the sense that they were accepted and developed in the 20th cen­tury as part of the biocentric discourse and were used to protect animal rights.
David Armstrong’s nomological realism
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University (Russia), Tarasenko Taras N.
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the position of the Australian philosopher David Armstrong on the problem of the ontological status of the laws of nature. Through a clarification of Armstrong’s understanding of naturalism, physicalism, and factualism, the general essence of his metaphysical project is summarized. Then article presents his theory of the laws of nature, which is a kind of nomological realism: his version of the nomolog­ical argument is examined; his general grounds for rejecting the regularity theories, which is classical for the naturalistic approach, are clarified; and the role of abduction in Arm­strong’s theory is demonstrated. The relation of nomic necessity, which is the key concept of his theory, is discussed in detail: its status as a second-order universal is explained; the terms of this relation, namely the types of states of affairs that constitute some special kind of universals, are distinguished; the essence of the nomic connection assumed by this relation is clarified through Armstrong’s theory of causality. Armstrong’s critique of regularity theories of laws of nature and the advantages of his nomological realism over them are discussed: cases where regularity is not law are considered; cases where there are laws that are not related to regularities, and cases where law and regularity seem to coincide, but there is reason to believe that they are different, these are the cases that appear to be most important. Finally, drawing on his own argumentation, the advan­tages of Armstrong’s theory over the best systems approach are justified: the problem of subjectivism and the threat of anti-realism inherent in coherentist approaches are ex­amined; the highly counterintuitive dependence of the existence of some laws on the ex­istence of others is pointed out; and the danger of actual contradictions within our ontol­ogy is demonstrated.
The programme for overcoming correlationism in the book “Nihil Unbound: Enlightenment and Extinction” by Ray Brassier
Authors:   Moscow Technical University of Communication and Informatics (Russia), Devaykin Igor A.
Published: November 2023

The article provides a critical assessment of the project to overcome correlationism pre­sented in Ray Brassier’s book “Nihil Unbound: Enlightenment and Extinction”. Brassier is usually considered to be among the “speculative realists”, since the starting point of his philosophy in the 2000s was the struggle against correlationism. We argue that in terms of understanding correlationism, the philosopher was influenced by his colleague in speculative realism, Quentin Meillassoux. Meillassoux proposes to understand corre­lationism as philosophical approaches that focus on the relationship (correlation) be­tween the poles: subject – object, signifier – signified, noema – noesis, etc. Meillassoux reproaches correlationists for not thematizing a reality independent of thinking, without which correlation itself would not exist. Meillassoux’s pathos is justified, since correla­tionism narrows the field of philosophical research, but Meillassoux himself cannot get rid of correlationism. Ray Brassier undertakes this task, drawing on the ideas of Wilfrid Sellars, Alain Badiou, and especially François Laruelle. Some natural-science theories also receive an anti-correlationist interpretation in Brassier’s book. Thus, the philoso­pher appeals to modern neurophysiology and eliminativism, as well as to cosmological physics. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that Ray Brassier fails to over­come correlationism. The philosopher does not offer a convincing anti-correlationist in­terpretation of the ideas of Sellars, Badiou and Laruelle, and also does not justify the ap­peal to modern natural science. In addition, we come to the conclusion that the desire to oppose correlationism is productive, and for this, philosophy should shift its attention from correlation to the everyday pressure of reality itself, which the human subject can­not get rid of.
Philosophy in Russia and Russian philosophical journalism
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Kara-Murza Alexey A.
Published: November 2023

The article examines the question of the correlation of the phenomena “Russian philoso­phy” and “philosophy in Russia”. The author believes that these phenomena are not iden­tical to each other, and Russian philosophy, being an important fragment of intellectual subculture, was often created outside of Russia. This phenomenon became especially prominent in the twentieth century, when Russian dissidents who were exiled abroad, working in the West, continued to be the largest Russian philosophers. On the other hand, within Russia itself (the Moscow Kingdom, the Russian Empire, the short “democratic republic”, the USSR, post-Soviet Russia), not only Russians in language and culture phi­losophized and continue to philosophize. The author notes that Russian literature and philosophical journalism played an exceptional role in domestic philosophizing. It was they who most often made philosophy, as knowledge objectively tending to universality, a nationally colored Russian philosophy.