bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of health professionals’ satisfaction with continuing education: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Muñoz-Castro Francisco Javier , Valverde-Gambero Eloisa , Herrera-Usagre Manuel
Published: July 2020

Objectives: to verify which organizational, methodological, and resource-related characteristics of Continuing Health Education (CHE) help to best predict the professionals´ satisfaction. Method: a cross-sectional study with multivariate logistic regressions to predict a high mean satisfaction with different dimensions of educational actions used: Overall satisfaction, Utility, Methodology, Organization and resources, and Teaching Capacity. 25,281 satisfaction questionnaires have been analysed completed by health professionals attending 1,228 training activities in Andalusia (Spain), during the period from March 2012 to April 2015. Results: the characteristics that best predict a high overall satisfaction are the following: clinical session type as opposed to the workshop (Odds Ratio [OR]=2.07, p<0.001); face-to-face attendance modality (OR=3.88, p<0.001) or semi-personal-attendance (OR=2.83, p<0.001), as opposed to e-learning; and 1-2 days in duration (OR=2.38, p<0.001) as opposed to those of between 3 and 14 days. A lower number of hours (OR=0.99, p<0.001) and a lower number of professionals (OR=0.98, p<0.05) also increase the probability. Having the educational actions accredited increases the probabilities in the following dimensions: Utility (OR=1.33, p<0.05), Methodology (OR=1.5, p<0.01) and Teaching capacity (OR=1.5, p<0.01). Conclusion: the study provides relevant information on aspects that improve professional satisfaction, such as that e-learning activities should improve their content, teaching methods, and styles, or that face-to-face clinical sessions are the type of CHE with the greatest satisfaction.
Planning, construction and use of handmade simulators to enhance the teaching and learning in Obstetrics*
Authors: Knobel Roxana , Menezes Mariane de Oliveira , Santos Débora de Souza , Takemoto Maíra Libertad Soligo
Published: July 2020

Objective: to describe the development process and present the results of a pilot study on the use of low-cost handmade simulators for teaching and learning Obstetrics. Method: presentation of 3 low-cost simulators designing, based on educational needs identified in real-world training contexts. The developing process is presented in detail and each simulator was tested and re-tested, being submitted to improvements until their final version. The simulators presented are: delivery simulator shorts, Neoprene uterus for postpartum hemorrhage management, and perineal repair simulator. A pilot study was carried out to evaluate the perception of apprentices through a structured questionnaire, using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model. Data were descriptively analyzed. Results: the respondents (31 apprentices) positively evaluated the simulators, perceiving significant gains in theoretical knowledge, ability to solve clinical problems and decreased anxiety to deal with situations similar to those simulated. Conclusion: low-cost, handmade simulators are feasible and effective, resulting in positive learner evaluations. Their availability as open technology allows the dissemination of their use.
Effectiveness of a web platform on university students’ motivation to quit smoking
Authors: Romero-López Alba María , Portero-de-la-Cruz Silvia , Vaquero-Abellán Manuel
Published: July 2020

Objective: to know the dependence on nicotine and the motivation to quit smoking in Nursing and Physiotherapy students of a university in the South of Spain, and to evaluate the impact of an intervention based on the use of information technologies on the motivation to quit smoking. Method: a pilot study in two phases: the first being cross-sectional and the second, a before-and-after intervention. The motivation to quit smoking was assessed by means of the Richmond questionnaire, and the dependence on nicotine through the Fagerström questionnaire; additionally, an intervention was performed based on the use of a web platform to increase motivation to quit smoking. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results: the prevalence in the use of tobacco was 4.33% (n=29). 3.45% of the participants had a high level of dependence; and 6.90%, a high level of motivation. The level of motivation did not change after the intervention (p=0.10). Conclusion: most of the students have low levels of motivation to quit smoking and of physical dependence to nicotine. The level of motivation to quit smoking does not change after performing the intervention.
The use of dead stand trees by birds: a prospective study in a Brazilian hydroelectric dam
Authors: Oliveira Andréia Cristina de , Centeno Elliott , Assis Jasmine de Resende , Bomfim Phabliny Martins Silva , Cestari César
Published: July 2020

Abstract: Hydropower constructions cause severe disturbances to biodiversity. Arboreal plants die after flooding; however, they expose their emerged branches (also called paliteiros) as a new habitat for animals and plants. Nothing is known about how paliteiros influence the presence of aquatic birds. This study verified which species of birds use the paliteiros, what are their behaviors and probably consequences to ecological processes. In November 2018, we sampled 5 km of paliteiros recording perched birds and their behaviors in the Três Marias dam, a 1040 km2 flooded area in southeastern Brazil. In total, 5.4% of paliteiros were used by 14 bird species. The Neotropic Cormorant Nannopterum brasilianus (Gmelin, 1789) was the most frequent species. Birds mainly preened feathers; they also rested (with no apparent activity), defecated, hunted, fed, vocalized and drank water. Attention must be focused to some behaviors such as resting and defecation, which may influence long-term ecological processes (e.g., incorporating additional organic matter and changing aquatic community) in the dam.
Estado e direito no capitalismo: um debate entre o liberalismo e marxismo
Authors: Oliveira Ednéia Alves de
Published: July 2020

Resumo Esse artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa teórica sobre categorias como Estado e direito. Objetiva discutir de forma sumária, algumas definições sobre tais categorias no contexto atual, particularizando o debate entre liberalismo e marxismo nas relações sociais de produção capitalista. Nossa compreensão, é que tais categorias aparecem como substratos de caráter formal abstrato e não como elemento da vida concreta, real.
Conservador nos costumes e liberal na economia: liberdade, igualdade e democracia em Burke, Oakeshott e Hayek
Authors: Dombrowski Osmir
Published: July 2020

Resumo Baseado na análise dos textos seminais: Reflexões sobre a Revolução em França, de Edmund Burke; Ser Conservador, de Michael Oakeshott e Por que não sou Conservador, de Friedrich A. Hayek, este ensaio apresenta ao leitor os princípios fundamentais do conservadorismo moderno originalmente articulado em oposição ao liberalismo, ao mesmo tempo em que expõe criticamente os elementos teóricos que permitem sustentar a contraditória aliança política condensada na expressão conservador nos costumes e liberal na economia.
Trabajo Social y Justicia Juvenil: contradicciones y disputas presentes en el contexto actual
Authors: Bella Karina De
Published: July 2020

Resumen El presente artículo aborda la problemática de los derechos humanos de los/las jóvenes-adolescentes “en situación de conflicto con la ley” en relación con las reformas que se proponen para su tratamiento en un contexto de neoconservadurismo. Pensar en las luchas por los derechos humanos y ubicar las estrategias del Trabajo Social en los espacios institucionales sociojurídicos habilita el debate profesional y fundamenta las acciones políticas desplegadas para la defensa de los derechos, en particular, de jóvenes-adolescentes. En este marco, la instalación mediática de la problemática y la aparición de la reforma legal como único camino resultan un abordaje unilateral y sesgan la compresión del campo de la justicia juvenil. Sostenemos que existe en la justicia juvenil una seducción por los derechos procesales, más no por la integralidad de los derechos humanos, en particular de jóvenes-adolescentes. Se han producido, sin embargo, una serie de intentos de reforma de este estado de cuestión, los trabajadores sociales hemos participado generando una rica experiencia.
Conservadorismo como instrumento capitalista em tempos de barbárie
Authors: Silva Segislane Moésia Pereira da , Maciel Valnise Verás , França Marlene Helena de Oliveira
Published: July 2020

Resumo As discussões apresentadas no presente artigo visam oferecer apontamentos críticos para o debate das particularidades da barbárie social em nossa atual conjuntura. O objetivo do estudo tem como pano de fundo as implicações provocadas socialmente com a implantação do capitalismo na busca pela manutenção da ordem vigente hegemônica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de natureza qualitativa. Estruturamos o artigo a partir de uma breve análise acerca do capitalismo, posteriormente abordamos o conservadorismo como instrumento do capital e, por fim, apresentamos algumas de suas expressões na contemporaneidade. O estudo possibilitou apontar que tal fenômeno constrói uma verdadeira barbárie social, compreendida como uma naturalização das expressões da questão social, desprezo por imigrantes, supressão de direitos, antagonismo aos direitos humanos, discriminação de raça, gênero, religião e sexualidade, entre outros, configurando-se uma verdadeira banalização da vida humana.
Reflexões sobre a política habitacional: estado e conflitos de classes
Authors: Suave Angela Michele , Faermann Lindamar Alves
Published: July 2020

Resumo O presente artigo tem como objetivo evidenciar os traços presentes na política habitacional no contexto dos governos petistas e seus influxos na vida dos trabalhadores, assim como as regressões atuais nesse setor no governo Bolsonaro, tendo como centralidade para essa análise a crise mundial do capital e suas particularidades contemporâneas, o papel do Estado na sociedade burguesa e os conflitos de classes. Para tal, considerou-se o contexto brasileiro de ofensiva ultraliberal e conservadora expresso nas contrarreformas das políticas e das ações governamentais reacionárias. Do ponto de vista metodológico, foi usada a pesquisa bibliográfica para elucidar a questão debatida. Como resultado relevante, constatou-se a importância da organização sociopolítica dos trabalhadores que, por meio dos movimentos sociais e de suas lutas cotidianas, imprimem forças para o acesso aos seus direitos, notadamente o da moradia. Nessa direção, foi essencial discutir o direito à cidade nas relações contraditórias da sociedade capitalista e os limites da democracia.
Direito e ética como formas sociais capitalistas: delimitação teórica e complementaridade prática
Authors: Biondi Pablo
Published: July 2020

Resumo Este artigo oferece uma abordagem marxista sobre o direito e a ética baseada na categoria das formas sociais e inspirada pelas contribuições de Evgeny Pachukanis. Ao se considerar a moderna subjetividade como o núcleo das formas jurídica e ética, e ao se tomar o pensamento kantiano como uma referência nesse assunto (tal como fez Pachukanis), é possível ver como essas categorias histórias são continuamente delimitadas pela teoria jurídica e de algum modo insistentemente conectadas na prática jurídica, ao menos de acordo com os juristas mais influentes, tanto positivistas como pós-positivistas, cada um à sua própria maneira. Essa percepção fortalece a argumentação pachukaniana sobre as diferenças entre a forma jurídica e a forma ética, apesar da complementaridade social e prática que elas apresentam na dinâmica do sujeito de direito, que é o moderno indivíduo abstrato do capitalismo.
Direitos e seguridade social em tempos neoliberais: contradições e desafios feministas
Authors: Barreto Laudicena
Published: July 2020

Resumo As políticas de ajustes neoliberais no Brasil avançam sobre a Seguridade Social porque têm um pressuposto: a exploração do tempo, dos corpos e do trabalho das mulheres das classes subalternas. Dessa compreensão, este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre os desafios feministas quanto à direção das lutas em torno da proteção social para as mulheres numa conjuntura em que se acirram as políticas neoliberais e o desmonte da Seguridade Social. A partir de ampla revisão bibliográfica e análise de documentos que versaram sobre as contradições em torno da conquista à aposentadoria para as donas de casa de baixa renda nos governos do PT, argumenta-se que as lutas feministas por direitos não podem prescindir de uma compreensão analítica sobre os mecanismos estruturais e conjunturais que aprisionam, discriminam, exploram e oprimem as mulheres, dentre os quais: a divisão sexual do trabalho.
A revolução dos cravos e o controlo operário
Authors: Varela Raquel , Fontes Jorge
Published: July 2020

Resumo Neste artigo argumentamos que a característica fundamental da revolução portuguesa de 1974/75 é a luta sociológica de classes sociais travada dentro das empresas e, sobretudo, nas grandes unidades industriais. Defendemos, no âmbito de uma revisão da literatura, dever essa disputa definir-se como controlo operário, distinguindo-o quer do seu contrário - o controlo da produção, ou seja, estatalnacional - quer de formas de cogestão ou autogestão, as quais aparecem frequentemente misturadas.
Autogestão e controle operário: uma análise histórica crítica
Authors: Paniago Maria Cristina Soares
Published: July 2020

Resumo Neste artigo analisamos a relação histórica das fábricas recuperadas com as primeiras iniciativas de autogestão dos trabalhadores, desde o início do capitalismo industrial. Assinalamos a evolução histórica das primeiras experiências de controle operário, das que ocorreram no interior de movimentos revolucionários, tais como a revolução russa e a guerra civil espanhola, até às fábricas recuperadas contemporâneas, destacando suas contradições e suas realizações. A natureza genuína dessas experiências tem como móvel impulsionador a reação às condições de subordinação impostas ao trabalho assalariado pela lógica do capital, que com o decorrer dos séculos agravaramse. A luta pela autonomia operária sem que alcance desafiar o capital é um dos principais obstáculos para que tais experiências contribuam para a emancipação do trabalho. Concluímos que as experiências de autogestão mais recentes reproduzem antigos problemas teóricos, políticos e organizacionais. Sem um processo de reorientação crítica e autocrítica da luta contra o capital, não se constituem em novas formas para superá-los.
Faca, peixeira, canivete: uma análise da lei do feminicídio no Brasil
Authors: Roichman Carlos Barreto Campello
Published: July 2020

Resumo No Brasil, nos últimos anos, duas leis destacam-se no enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher: a Lei n. 11.340/2006, Lei Maria da Penha, e, mais recentemente, a Lei n. 13.104/2015, que tipifica o feminicídio, o assassinato de uma mulher em razão de sua condição de gênero. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os efeitos da Lei n. 13.104/2015 nos índices da violência contra as mulheres, em especial no número de feminicídios. Levantou-se o número de mortes de mulheres no Brasil no período entre 1996 e 2017, para avaliar, de forma quantitativa, os efeitos da nova legislação nos números da violência de gênero, através de um comparativo na evolução temporal dos índices. Os resultados apontam um decréscimo imediato no número de feminicídios, com uma subsequente retomada de alta, indicando que não houve impacto significativo nesses índices. A importância da tipificação do crime, porém, vai além dos seus efeitos no número de mortes de mulheres.
SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER IN A CANCER CENTER
Authors: AGUIAR JUNIOR Samuel , OLIVEIRA Max Moura de , SILVA Diego Rodrigues Mendonça e , MELLO Celso Abdon Lopes de , CALSAVARA Vinicius Fernando , CURADO Maria Paula
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hospital-based studies recently have shown increases in colorectal cancer survival, and better survival for women, young people, and patients diagnosed at an early disease stage. OBJECTIVE: To describe the overall survival and analyze the prognostic factors of patients treated for colorectal cancer at an oncology center. METHODS: The analysis included patients diagnosed with colon and rectal adenocarcinoma between 2000 and 2013 and identified in the Hospital Cancer Registry at A.C.Camargo Cancer Center. Overall 5-year survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were evaluated in a Cox regression model. Hazard ratios (HR) are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Of 2,279 colorectal cancer cases analyzed, 58.4% were in the colon. The 5-year overall survival rate for colorectal cancer patients was 63.5% (65.6% and 60.6% for colonic and rectal malignancies, respectively). The risk of death was elevated for patients in the 50-74-year (HR=1.24, 95%CI =1.02-1.51) and ≥75-year (HR=3.02, 95%CI =2.42-3.78) age groups, for patients with rectal cancer (HR=1.37, 95%CI =1.11-1.69) and for those whose treatment was started >60 days after diagnosis (HR=1.22, 95%CI =1.04-1.43). The risk decreased for patients diagnosed in recent time periods (2005-2009 HR=0.76, 95%CI =0.63-0.91; 2010-2013 HR=0.69, 95%CI =0.57-0.83). CONCLUSION: Better survival of patients with colorectal cancer improves with early stage and started treatment within 60 days of diagnosis. Age over 70 years old was an independent factor predictive of a poor prognosis. The overall survival increased to all patients treated in the period 2000-2004 to 2010-2013.
Chemical constituents of Calotropis procera latex and ultrastructural effects on Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Cavalcante Géssica Soares , Morais Selene Maia de , André Weibson Paz Pinheiro , Araújo-Filho José Vilemar de , Muniz Celli Rodrigues , Rocha Letícia Oliveira da , Ribeiro Wesley Lyeverton Correia , Rodrigues Ana Livya Moreira , Oliveira Lorena Mayana Beserra de , Bevilaqua Claudia Maria Leal , Ramos Márcio Viana
Published: July 2020

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic and ultrastructural effects of Calotropis procera latex on Haemonchus contortus. C. procera latex was twice centrifuged at 10,000×g and dialyzed to obtain a fraction rich in proteins, named LP (latex protein), and at 3,000 rpm to obtain a fraction rich in secondary metabolites, named LNP (latex non-protein). Specimens of H. contortus exposed to LNP, LP and PBS in the Adult Worm Motility Test (AWMT) were submitted to scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy to verify changes in their ultrastructure. Phytochemical tests in the LNP indicated the presence of phenols, steroids, alkaloids and cardenolides. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) characterized the presence of the compounds gallic acid and quercetin in the LNP. The protein content in the LP was 43.1 ± 1.1 mg/mL and 7.7 ± 0.3 mg/mL in LNP. In AWMT, LNP and LP inhibited the motility of 100% of the nematodes, with LNP being more effective than LP and ivermectin more effective than both (p <0.05). Cuticle changes were observed by SEM and TEM in nematodes treated with LP and LNP. Calotropis procera latex has anthelmintic effects against H. contortus, causing damage to its cuticle and other alterations in its ultrastructure.
Improved mix design method for pervious concrete based on slurry layer thickness
Authors: Bian Wei , Liu Wanwan , Gao Xuekai , Ma Kunlin , Rong Yapeng
Published: July 2020

Based on the structural characteristics of pervious concrete, an improved mix design method for pervious concrete was developed based on permeability, compressive strength and slurry layer thickness relationships. The results of validation experiments showed that when the slurry layer thickness of the pervious concrete is about 0.35–0.55 mm, the effective porosity is about 22–36%, the permeability coefficient is about 4.88–8.90 mm/s and the compressive strength is about 5.9–18.5 MPa. With an increase in the slurry layer thickness of the pervious concrete, the compressive strength increased, but the effective porosity and permeability coefficient decreased, and vice versa. The results of this study proved that pervious concrete can be formulated to satisfy permeability and compressive strength requirements by using the improved mix design method.
Corrosion prediction models for steel bars in chloride-contaminated concrete: a review
Authors: Xia Jin , Shen Jian , Li Tian , Jin Wei-Liang
Published: July 2020

Concern has been expressed in the recent decades about the corrosion prediction of concrete structures in a chloride environment. This paper summarises the corrosion prediction models developed for chloride-contaminated concrete, including both the empirical and electrochemical corrosion models. The definition methods of the steel de-passivation process for electrochemical models, such as anode–cathode ratio (Aa/Ac), critical chloride concentration (CCl,crit), modification of anodic Tafel slope (βa) or passive film resistance (Rf), are considered essential and discussed in detail. Furthermore, electrochemical parameters regarding the definition and selection in electrochemical models and experimental measurements are discussed. This study confirms that Aa/Acand CCl,crithave been generally used in recent years, and that the modifications of βaand Rfrelated to free chloride concentration are technically feasible. In addition, the discreteness of electrochemical parameters in electrochemical models and experimental measurements are observed, and time-dependent characteristics of electrochemical parameters are scarcely presented in the existing literature.
Effect of steel fibres extracted from recycled tyres on plastic shrinkage cracking in self-compacting concrete
Authors: Sayahi Faez , Emborg Mats , Hedlund Hans , Cwirzen Andrzej
Published: July 2020

This paper investigates and compares the effect of steel fibres obtained through recycling waste tyres (known as RTSF), and a commercially available hooked steel fibre (HSF), on plastic shrinkage cracking in self-compacting concrete. The volumetric deformations of the specimens, bleeding, and the mass loss have been quantified. Mixtures containing 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 kg/m3 of RTSF, and 5 and 7.5 kg/m3 of HSF have been tested. The results show that an almost similar reduction of the crack area can be attained if HSF is replaced by a slightly higher amount of RTSF. However, the former seems to be more effective in restraining plastic shrinkage. Both fibres decreased the volumetric shrinkage and the bleeding capacity of the specimens.
A robust updated normal plane scheme for geometric non-linear structural analysis
Authors: Rezaiee-Pajand Mohammad , Naserian Rahele
Published: July 2020

A new normal plane constraint for assessing the geometric non-linear behaviour of structures is proposed. In this procedure, the vector passing through a point placed on the equilibrium path and the iteration point is perpendicular to the locus of the iterative points. The capability of the suggested constraint equation was investigated numerically. To compare its abilities with other well-known techniques (the normal plane, cylindrical arc-length and updated normal plane methods), several planar and space trusses, plate and shells were analysed. The results proved the high accuracy and efficiency of the developed scheme. The powers of the methods in passing the limit points were also investigated. In addition, to assess the capabilities of the methods more accurately, they were all ranked based on the total number of increments and iterations required.
Out-of-plane testing of masonry walls retrofitted with oriented strand board timber panels
Authors: Dauda Jamiu Adetayo , Lourenço Paulo B. , Iuorio Ornella
Published: July 2020

Several studies on different techniques can be found on retrofitting existing unreinforced masonry (URM) walls using varieties of materials ranging from reinforced plaster, grout and epoxy injection to fibre-reinforced polymers. Still, there is a significant lack of experimental data that consider using a material such as oriented strand board (OSB) timber panels, which can be easily sourced around the globe, and are considered to be economical and sustainable. Hence, this paper presents the first stage of a multi-phase experimental investigation into the possibility of retrofitting URM walls using OSB panels. An experimental programme with full-scale testing is expensive, therefore small-scale testing such as the approach presented here is ideal to provide insight when proposing a new retrofit technique. In this paper, flexural strength in the form of four-point bending tests has been obtained on three plain masonry prisms and six OSB retrofitted specimens (615 × 215 × 102.5 mm). The effectiveness of the proposed OSB panel retrofit techniques has been assessed in terms of flexural strength, out-of-plane load capacity and displacement. It was observed that the application of the OSB panel at the back of a masonry prism greatly influenced the out-of-plane behaviour of the retrofitted specimen by increasing its flexural capacity and also by preventing its quasi-brittle collapse.
Developing seismic fragility curves for existing reinforced concrete structures in Algeria
Authors: Kehila Fouad , Remki Mustapha , Kibboua Abderrahmane , Bechtoula Hakim
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a method for developing fragility curves for assessing the seismic performance of existing reinforced concrete structures in Algeria. A two-storey 1980s reinforced concrete building in the northern city of Constantine was studied using the proposed method as part of a vulnerability assessment and strengthening proposal. Fragility curves for the existing and strengthened structure were derived and log-normal cumulative distribution function parameters were obtained for the four defined damage states by considering maximum inter-storey drift ratio. Incremental dynamic analysis was then used to assess spectral acceleration by conducting 300 non-linear time-history analyses based on 15 ground motions. The records were then selected and scaled to fit with Algerian design response spectra, and fragility curves were subsequently developed. The method can be used for any type of reinforced concrete structure in Algeria, including bridges.
Buckling behaviour of composite double-layer braced barrel vaults
Authors: Shahbazi-Reveshti Parviz , Maalek Shahrokh , Akbari Reza
Published: July 2020

Investigation of different potential instability phenomena is an essential part of a study of the structural behaviour of double-layer braced barrel vaults. In this context, the effects of the use of a reinforced concrete (RC) topping in composite action with double-layer grid-works on the instability behaviour of such structures were studied. Two types of double-layer flat grids and barrel vaults were considered: without any integral RC topping (non-composite grid-works) and with a RC topping in composite action with the spatial grid (composite grid-works). The primary models were selected and designed adopting a consistent procedure utilising the weight–density method. Initially, elastic buckling analyses were performed. Complementary studies included a series of non-linear finite-element analyses accounting for geometric and material non-linearities emphasising structural stability and the post-buckling behaviour. It was found that the presence of a rather thin layer of RC covering, in composite action with double-layer grids, increased both the initial buckling and the ultimate strengths of such structures substantially, and also significantly improved their post-buckling behaviour, resulting in much improved reliability against progressive failure and sudden loss of strength.
Application of nanosilica in reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Mustafa Tarek Sayed , El Hariri Mohamed O.R. , Khalafalla Mohamed S. , Said Yasmin
Published: July 2020

The partial replacement of cement with nanomaterials such as nanosilica (NS) particles in concrete improves its strength and other properties. In this study, the effect of NS as a partial replacement of cement for concrete mixes and concrete beams was examined. The studied response characteristics of reinforced concrete beams included the compressive strength, failure mechanisms, load-carrying capacity and load–deflection behaviour. The results showed that compressive strength increased with an increase in NS content up to 2.0% replacement of cement weight. The rate of increase in compressive strength was no longer significant beyond 2.0% replacement, indeed there was a slight decrease in compressive strength for NS content of 3.0%. The effect of increased NS content on the flexural behaviour of beams was also studied. Increased NS content led to increases in the first-cracking and ultimate loads and reductions in the deflection at cracking and ultimate load levels. No major differences in the structural response parameters were observed for test beams with zoning of NS in the bottom tension or top compression zones. An increase in NS content led to a slight increase in the ultimate strain associated with the ultimate load. Good agreement was found between experimental and theoretical ultimate moments.
Analysis of concrete columns with high-performance concrete jackets and polymer wraps
Authors: Algburi Atheer , Sheikh M. Neaz , Hadi Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Cross-sectional analyses of circular and square reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with reactive powder concrete jacketing and fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapping were undertaken. The stress block method was used to determine theoretical axial load–bending moment (AL–BM) interactions of the columns. These were then compared with experimental results and found to be in very good agreement. A parametric study was also undertaken to investigate the most important factors that influence the AL–BM capacity of circular and square strengthened columns. Finally, a group of theoretical AL–BM interactions for circular and square strengthened columns was produced. These can be used in a wide range of applications for strengthening RC columns with high-performance concrete jackets and FRP wraps.
Numerical study on seismic behaviour of buckling-restrained steel plate shear walls
Authors: Munesi Ali , Gholhaki Majid , Sharbatdar Mohammadkazem
Published: July 2020

Buckling-restrained steel plate shear walls have been developed that can markedly alleviate the shortcomings of ordinary steel plate shear wall systems. A parametric study was carried out on finite-element models of buckling-restrained steel plate shear walls, to which cyclic and non-linear static analyses in accordance with the ATC-24 loading protocol were applied. Based on the results acquired from the hysteretic curves, an increase in concrete compressive strength does not markedly affect the ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Moreover, it was observed that as the width of the gap between the concrete panel and steel plate grew, energy dissipation and the response modification factor were reduced. In addition, the results indicated that an increase in the concrete compressive strength improved both shear capacity and initial stiffness. Accordingly, based on a comparison between the rate of improvement in shear capacity arising from an increase in strength of the concrete panels, frame and steel plate, it is concluded that it would be much more rational to increase the concrete strength so that greater shear capacity could be achieved.
Evaluation of urban rail transit operation considering rider and operator satisfaction
Authors: Cai Xiaopei , Yang Huimin , Gao Yongxin
Published: July 2020

Travel satisfaction expectations for urban rail transit (URT) have increased with the increasing development of URT systems. To cater for passenger demand, operators provide different transit services by means of timetable rescheduling and adjustments. However, research on the evaluation of the trade-offs between real-time ridership and train capacity is limited. Based on multi-agent-system technology and a passenger–train interaction model for URT, passenger decision making and travel behaviour on a URT system was simulated. After analysing the factors that affect the satisfaction of both passengers and operators, an evaluation index system of the synergy level between URT passengers and operators was established to evaluate the coordination and degree of match between them. A case study was carried out and analysed based on timetable and passenger flow data of metro line 1 in Beijing, China. Furthermore, a model was established to optimise the timetable with the goal of maximising the synergy level. The evaluation method and optimisation model presented in this paper consider the needs of both passengers and operators and can be used to evaluate and optimise timetables more objectively.
Walk access to neighbourhood parks: evaluating availability, quality and connectivity
Authors: Woldeamanuel Mintesnot , Kent Andrew , McGee Melodi , Carvajal Sergio
Published: July 2020

Poor pedestrian infrastructure and road connectivity can deter people from walking to local parks. Using data from the ground observation of sidewalk and Google Earth, research was undertaken to evaluate the fundamental accessibility features of the built environment such as sidewalk availability and quality as well as connectivity. The study analysed road network density, availability and quality of sidewalks within a neighbourhood park's buffer area, and sidewalk connectivity by using a ‘sidewalk availability and quality index (SAQI)’ and ‘connectivity index’. The SAQI recognises that access is dependent on the pedestrian's ability to use the road network surrounding a neighbourhood park, whereas the connectivity indexes identify the access disparities among crossroads, T-junctions and dead-end and looping road segments, by assigning weights to represent the level of walk access. Together the indexes provide insight into the pedestrian's ability to access and use parks through the built environment. This method is demonstrated through the analysis of ten neighbourhood parks in San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles. Using the analysis, this study identifies actual measurement of walkability of neighbourhoods surrounding local parks and proposes possible walk access solutions.
Crucial Role of AIM/CD5L in the Development of Glomerular Inflammation in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Takahata Akiko , Arai Satoko , Hiramoto Emiri , Kitada Kento , Kato Rina , Makita Yuko , Suzuki Hitoshi , Nakata Junichiro , Araki Kimi , Miyazaki Toru , Suzuki Yusuke
Published: July 2020

Significance Statement

Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) protein is involved in various diseases. It removes dead cells in urinary tubules, which aids recovery in AKI. Moreover, dysfunctional AIM scavenging in macrophages is a well known cause of feline renal failure. This study clarified the role of AIM in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in a mouse model. AIM-deficient IgAN mice (AIM

−/−
gddY mice) showed IgA deposition similar to that of wild-type gddY mice but did not have glomerular accumulation of IgM/IgG/complement and subsequent regional inflammation, avoiding glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria, and hematuria. IgM/IgG-IgA immune complex formed by recombinant AIM restored the IgAN phenotype. Elucidating the role of AIM in IgAN may facilitate development of new IgAN therapies.

Background

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) begins with aberrant IgA deposition in glomeruli, progresses to IgM/IgG/complement codeposition, and results in chronic inflammation and glomerular damage. However, the mechanism that drives such phlogogenic cascade has been unclear. Recently, apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) protein was shown to modulate macrophages’ function in various pathologic conditions, thereby profoundly affecting the progression of renal disorders, including AKI. A spontaneous IgAN model, grouped ddY (gddY) mouse, revealed the requirement of AIM for the overall inflammatory glomerular injury following IgA deposition.

Methods

We established an AIM-deficient IgAN model (AIM

−/−
gddY) using CRISPR/Cas9 and compared its phenotype with that of wild-type gddY with or without recombinant AIM administration. An IgA-deficient IgAN model (IgA

−/−
gddY) was also generated to further determine the role of AIM.

Results

In both human and murine IgAN, AIM colocalized with IgA/IgM/IgG in glomeruli, whereas control kidneys did not exhibit AIM deposition. Although AIM

−/−
gddY showed IgA deposition at levels comparable with those of wild-type gddY, they did not exhibit glomerular accumulation of IgM/IgG complements, CD45+ leukocyte infiltration, and upregulation of inflammatory/fibrogenic genes, indicating protection from glomerular lesions and proteinuria/hematuria. Recombinant AIM administration reconstituted the IgAN phenotype, resulting in IgM/IgG/complement IgA codeposition. Neither spontaneous IgM/IgG codeposition nor disease was observed in IgA

−/−
gddY mice.

Conclusions

AIM may contribute to stable immune complex formation in glomeruli, thereby facilitating IgAN progression. Therefore, AIM deposition blockage or disassociation from IgM/IgG may present a new therapeutic target on the basis of its role in IgAN inflammation initiation.
Implementing Monetary Policy in an "Ample-Reserves" Regime: The Basics (Note 1 of 3)
Authors: Ihrig Jane , Senyuz Zeynep , Weinbach Gretchen C.
Published: July 2020

The FOMC has stated that it intends to continue implementing monetary policy in a regime with an ample supply of reserves. This Note, the first in a three-part series, provides an introductory discussion of what it means to implement policy in such a regime and how the Fed ensures interest rate control in an environment with an ample supply of reserves in the banking system.
Políticas públicas para el desarrollo territorial rural en América Latina: balance y perspectivas
Authors: Valencia-Perafán Mireya , Le Coq Jean François , Favareto Arilson , Samper Mario , Sáenz-Segura Fernando , Sabourin Eric
Published: July 2020

En las últimas dos décadas, el enfoque territorial fue introducido e incorporado en la formulación e implementación de políticas y programas de desarrollo territorial rural (DTR) en muchos países de América Latina. A partir de la revisión de investigaciones previas y de encuentros de expertos, este artículo presenta un balance de los logros y limitaciones de las políticas de DTR, y propone orientaciones para concebir a una nueva generación de políticas de desarrollo territorial. Si el análisis revela logros en términos de difusión del enfoque territorial y de fomento de procesos participativos, se han observado limitaciones en términos de intersectorialidad y multiescalaridad de los procesos, así como de multidimensionalidad de los resultados. Las orientaciones para una nueva generación de políticas de desarrollo territorial destacan, entre otras, la necesidad de aclarar y consensuar los objetivos (múltiples) de estas políticas, considerar las asimetrías de relaciones de poderes en los territorios y tener más flexibilidad y creatividad en los dispositivos de intervención. Esta nueva generación de políticas abre nuevas pistas de investigación para el entendimiento de las dinámicas y trayectorias territoriales y de los juegos de poderes, de las interacciones del conjunto de políticas que afectan estas dinámicas y del diseño metodológico de evaluación de las políticas.
Representaciones sociales empresarias sobre el trabajo asalariado agrario en el Valle Inferior del Río Chubut
Authors: Crovetto Marcela , Osardo Lucas
Published: July 2020

Esta investigación estudia las representaciones sociales sobre los trabajadores asalariados agrícolas en la producción de cerezas de los nuevos empresarios del espacio rural-agrario del Valle Inferior del Río Chubut (VIRCH). Este proceso acompañó algunos cambios en las formas de reclutamiento de trabajadores empleados. A finales de la década de 1990, en los departamentos de Rawson y Gaiman en la provincia de Chubut (Argentina), sucedió una serie de políticas públicas que motivaron la inversión de un grupo de empresarios locales. Estos, carentes de experiencia agrícola, promovieron el desarrollo de la producción de cerezas orientada a la exportación. A lo largo de las etapas por las que pasó la producción, asociaron un modelo de negocio al que asistieron diferentes instituciones públicas. Si bien los empresarios lograron dirigir efectivamente cada momento del proceso de producción, hubo problemas recurrentes en diferentes contextos, especialmente relacionados con el reclutamiento de la fuerza laboral suficiente para llevar a cabo el trabajo estacional en la cosecha. Desde una perspectiva técnica, se utilizaron tanto entrevistas en profundidad realizadas entre 2009 y 2017 a empresarios y técnicos relacionados con la producción de cerezas en el VIRCH, así como diferentes fuentes periodísticas y estadísticas preparadas por organizaciones públicas y privadas.
Nuevas propuestas para analizar el desarrollo territorial
Authors: Torre André
Published: July 2020

La aparición relativamente reciente del término desarrollo territorial en la literatura está relacionada en gran medida con el interés que han mostrado en los últimos años los investigadores y los encargados de formular políticas por las cuestiones territoriales. Si bien la investigación se ha centrado durante mucho tiempo en las dimensiones regionales y en los procesos de desarrollo a escala nacional o regional, una serie de acontecimientos han llamado la atención sobre la cuestión de los territorios y han puesto de relieve todo el interés por abordar el espinoso pero muy popular problema del desarrollo territorial. La producción y la innovación suelen ocupar un lugar destacado en este análisis, y es menos frecuente preocuparse por las cuestiones de gobernanza. Sin embargo, ocupan un lugar decisivo porque los procesos de desarrollo implican la participación o provocan la oposición de las poblaciones locales. En efecto, los diferentes actores de los territorios deben ponerse de acuerdo sobre los proyectos territoriales y concertar el desarrollo futuro de estos espacios, así como las principales opciones para su porvenir. El objetivo de este documento es mostrar la necesidad de abordar los dos motores del desarrollo territorial, a saber, la producción y la gobernanza, y analizar su funcionamiento y sus repercusiones en los procesos de crecimiento y los cambios sociales e institucionales que los caracterizan. Se inicia presentando nuestra definición de desarrollo territorial, antes de abordar sucesivamente sus dimensiones productivas y de gobernanza, con el fin de trazar las principales vías de un enfoque renovado de los motores del desarrollo y sus principales características.
Elaboración de la fibra de cabuya en tejido plano como matriz de refuerzo para la construcción de un retrovisor
Authors: Pruna Luis , Velasco Fabián , Chachapoya Fabián , Paredes Cristian
Published: July 2020

Las fibras naturales se han convirtiendo en una excelente alternativa para usos industriales. Esto se debe a su fácil accesibilidad en el mercado y por ser una materia prima renovable. El presente trabajo busca usar la cabuya como material de refuerzo con matriz poliéster para aplicaciones automotrices con bajo costo y peso. Este es el caso de los retrovisores de un vehículo, para el cual se fabricó un molde base. Sobre el molde se realizará el aplicado y moldeado del retrovisor utilizando la fibra de cabuya y una resina poliéster. Las mezclas de octoato de cobalto y peróxido de metil-etilcetona (MEKP) con la fibra natural reducen considerablemente el peso; el costo de manufactura se ve reducido aproximadamente en un 40 % debido a la facilidad de manejo de la fibra y la adquisición de este material. Se recomienda la utilización de la cabuya para aplicaciones automotrices (espejo retrovisor) ya que presenta una reducción considerable en su peso y costo relativamente bajo en comparación con el componente original.
Incidencia de la música en la transformación social y la construcción de paz en el territorio rural del Catambuco (Nariño - Colombia)
Authors: Rueda Mueses Yully Maritza
Published: July 2020

Esta investigación surgió ante la necesidad de comprender los significados construidos a partir de la música como eje de transformación social para la paz en una comunidad del contexto rural en el departamento de Nariño. Esta incidencia social mediante la música se ubicó en las periferias del municipio de San Juan de Pasto llamados corregimientos o veredas donde existe beneficio directo para niños, niñas y jóvenes de la comunidad. Por lo tanto, identificó como objeto de estudio a la Asociación Banda Escuela de Música Guadalupana del corregimiento de Catambuco, territorio ubicado en la cabecera municipal de San Juan de Pasto. Mediante un estudio de caso se buscó describir y analizar la incidencia de sus procesos musicales en la transformación social y sus cambios significativos en esta región. Esta investigación comprendió tres etapas de ejecución realizadas en los meses de enero y febrero del año 2019 respectivamente. Lo anterior, identificó la importancia de la acción comunitaria de la música como transformador social para la paz a partir de la construcción de valores humanos en la formación del ser como fundamento, que surge en comunidades de la zona rural. Esto último identificándose como problemática de investigación necesaria para contextualizar la vinculación de este tipo de procesos musicales que responden a necesidades específicas de su propio contexto, que interactúa con las dinámicas socioculturales constantemente siendo así un aspecto fundamental y aporte valioso para Colombia en la construcción de Paz y la transformación social mediante la música desde la zona rural. Esta incidencia social influyó en las dinámicas afectivas de la comunidad beneficiada a nivel personal, familiar y de las relaciones interpersonales. Este impacto social se expresó a su vez en un cambio cultural para esta comunidad, cuna de talento artístico.
Измерение качества жизни в городах: возможности индексного подхода
Authors: Рыкун Артем Юрьевич , Черникова Дарья Васильевна , Сухушина Елена Валерьевна , Березкин Александр Юрьевич
Published: July 2020

По данным ООН, более половины населения сегодня живет в городах. Города стали центром влияния на экономику, социальную сферу, культуру, образование и науку. При этом урбанизированные территории стоят перед лицом многочисленных вызовов современности: деградация окружающей среды, изменение климата, демографические проблемы, миграционные процессы, растущее неравенство, угроза культурному разно­образию. Актуальным становится вопрос поиска социально-экономических ориентиров и адекватных комплексных решений, обеспечивающих благополучие населения, устойчивость развития и жизнестойкость городов в динамично меняющемся мире, а также критериев оценки таких решений. В течение десятилетий показателем эффективности социально-экономического развития служил ВВП на душу населения. Это было обоснованно, поскольку в ХХ в. урбанизация сопровождалась экономическим ростом, и была связана с процессами индустриализации в разных регионах мира. Сегодня нет прямой взаимозависимости. На роль одного из критериев социально-экономического прогресса в условиях ориентации на устойчивое развитие может претендовать категория качества жизни. В статье анализируются существующие подходы к определению категории качества жизни, фиксирующие потребность выйти за рамки измерения экономических величин, предлагается собственное определение качества жизни как системно-целостного конструкта, учитывающее объективные и субъективные факторы и социокультурный контекст. Рассматриваются ключевые индексы качества жизни в городах, выявляется преобладание количественных методов оценки и недостаточная ориентация на обеспечение доказательной базы для политики устойчивого развития. Авторы статьи рассматривают индексный подход к измерению качества жизни в городах, как способный обеспечить глобальную сопоставимость данных об уровне развития урбанизированных территорий.