bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population dynamics of reef fish in the Kwandang Bay, Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia
Authors: Achmad Dewi Shinta , Gani Saida , Ardiansyah Widiastuti , Mokoginta Meity Melani , Nurdin Muh Saleh , Jompa Jamaluddin , Indrianti Merita Ayu , Achmad Novianita
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Achmad DS, Gani S, Ardiansyah W, Mokoginta MM, Nurdin MS, Jompa J, Indrianti MA, Achmad N. 2022. Population dynamics of reef fish in the Kwandang Bay, Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5217-5226. The grouper stocks in Kwandang Bay, Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia, are dominated by orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus). However, the Kwandang Bay grouper fishery is currently experiencing serious challenges due to population decline resulting in a decline in both the average size of fish caught and the production volume. This study was conducted in Kwandang Bay, Sulawesi Sea, from January to December 2021. The population dynamics parameters estimated were growth, recruitment, mortality, exploitation rate and yield per recruit. The results showed that the total length (TL) of E. coioides and P. leopardus ranged from 16.50-101 cm and 17.90-60 cm, respectively, with Von Bertalanffy K-coefficients of 0.38 and 0.69, respectively. Recruitment occurred during most of the year, with respective recruitment value ranges of 0.99-17.11% and 0.08-19.22%. Natural and fishing mortality was 0.69/year-1 and 0.87/year-1 for E. coioides, 1.16/year-1 and 1.47/year-1 for P. leopardus. Beverton and Holt yield per recruit analysis indicated recruitment overfishing of both E. coioides and P. leopardus. Fishing regulations are needed to maintain a sustainable grouper fishery, including a 25% reduction in fishing vessels and gear, to enable the groupers of Kwandang Bay to spawn at least once during their life cycle.
The bioecological features of some species of the Cupressaceae introduced in the conditions of Tashkent City, Uzbekistan
Authors: TEMIROV ELDOR E. , RAKHIMOVA NARGIZA K.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Temirov EE, Rakhimova NK. 2022. The bioecological features of some species of the Cupressaceae introduced in the conditions of Tashkent City, Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 23: 5532-5538. For the first time, monitoring of the current state of previously introduced 19 species and 10 forms of the Cupressaceae family was carried out. Four species and five forms selected among them are distinguished by high decorativeness. The studied species and forms differ in the duration of the virginal period. Under the conditions of Uzbekistan, in forms of the genus Platycladus it lasts 4-5 years, in forms of the genus Thuja - 6-8 years, in the genera Chamaecyparis and Juniperus 6-9 years. The maximum growth and development indices under the conditions of Tashkent were observed in Platycladus orientalis f. compacta (East Asia), and the smallest ones are found in Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (North America) and Juniperus squamata (Western China). Seed germination in forms of the genus Platycladus under laboratory conditions is 56-78% (optimal temperature 20-22°C), in forms of the genus Thuja 31-46%, in Chamaecyparis lawsoniana - 21% (optimal temperature 28-29°C), the maximum rate of seed germination in the field was noted in Platycladus orientalis f. compacta (90-95%), and the minimum is Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (6-8%). For the first time, the possibility of vegetative reproduction in open ground with a rooting rate of cuttings up to 95% has been shown. Vegetative propagation gives effective results compared to a seed. For the first time in Uzbekistan, such a study was conducted on conifers, until now, no one has previously studied the biological characteristics of Conifers within the country.
High sensitivity temperature sensor based on enhanced Vernier effect through two parallel Fabry–Perot cavities
Authors: Huang Huiling , Zhu Xiping , Jiang Chao , Chen Hailin , Song Jiao , Wang Yuan , Sun Simei
Published: November 2022

In this paper, an enhanced Vernier effect temperature sensor based on two parallel Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Among them,

F
P
I

1

is composed of a single-mode fiber (SMF), a quartz capillary, and AB glue filled in the capillary.

F
P
I

2

is formed by filling a capillary with polyimide (PI) solution and inserting two-segment SMF from both sides of the capillary. Since AB glue and PI have good thermal sensitivity,

F
P
I

1

and

F
P
I

2

are highly sensitive to temperature. Due to their different structures, the temperature sensitivity of

F
P
I

1

is negative, and that of

F
P
I

2

is positive. When

F
P
I

1

and

F
P
I

2

with similar free spectral range are connected in parallel, they will act as reference cavities for each other, resulting in an enhanced Vernier effect, which enlarges the sensitivity of the sensor more. In the temperature range of 40°C–58°C, the temperature sensitivity of the sensor is as high as

−

13.09

n
m

/

∘

C

, and the fitting coefficient is 0.9974. The experimental results show that in the enhanced Vernier effect sensor structure, only two FPIs with opposite temperature sensitivity are required, which does not increase the difficulty and cost of sensor manufacturing. In addition, the sensor has good stability and repeatability.
Diel variations in the estimated refractive index of bulk oceanic particles
Authors: Henderikx-Freitas Fernanda , Allen James G. , Lansdorp Bob M. , White Angelicque E.
Published: November 2022

The index of refraction (n) of particles is an important parameter in optical models that aims to extract particle size and carbon concentrations from light scattering measurements. An inadequate choice of n can critically affect the characterization and interpretation of optically-derived parameters, including those from satellite-based models which provide the current view of how biogeochemical processes vary over the global ocean. Yet, little is known about how n varies over time and space to inform such models. Particularly, in situ estimates of n for bulk water samples and at diel-resolving time scales are rare. Here, we demonstrate a method to estimate n using simultaneously and independently collected particulate beam attenuation coefficients, particle size distribution data, and a Mie theory model. We apply this method to surface waters of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) at hourly resolution. Clear diel cycles in n were observed, marked by minima around local sunrise and maxima around sunset, qualitatively consistent with several laboratory-based estimates of n for specific phytoplankton species. A sensitivity analysis showed that the daily oscillation in n amplitude was somewhat insensitive to broad variations in method assumptions, ranging from 11.3 ± 4.3% to 16.9 ± 2.9%. Such estimates are crucial for improvement of algorithms that extract the particle size and production from bulk optical measurements, and could potentially help establish a link between n variations and changes in cellular composition of in situ particles.
Nanosecond gating of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors using cryogenic bias circuitry
Authors: Hummel Thomas , Widhalm Alex , Höpker Jan Philipp , Jöns Klaus D. , Chang Jin , Fognini Andreas , Steinhauer Stephan , Zwiller Val , Zrenner Artur , Bartley Tim J.
Published: November 2022

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) show near unity efficiency, low dark count rate, and short recovery time. Combining these characteristics with temporal control of SNSPDs broadens their applications as in active de-latching for higher dynamic range counting or temporal filtering for pump-probe spectroscopy or LiDAR. To that end, we demonstrate active gating of an SNSPD with a minimum off-to-on rise time of 2.4 ns and a total gate length of 5.0 ns. We show how the rise time depends on the inductance of the detector in combination with the control electronics. The gate window is demonstrated to be fully and freely, electrically tunable up to 500 ns at a repetition rate of 1.0 MHz, as well as ungated, free-running operation. Control electronics to generate the gating are mounted on the 2.3 K stage of a closed-cycle sorption cryostat, while the detector is operated on the cold stage at 0.8 K. We show that the efficiency and timing jitter of the detector is not altered during the on-time of the gating window. We exploit gated operation to demonstrate a method to increase in the photon counting dynamic range by a factor 11.2, as well as temporal filtering of a strong pump in an emulated pump-probe experiment.
Relative error’s quadratic dependence on the electric current and the methods for its compensation in fiber optic current sensor systems
Authors: Yao Penghui , Yao X. Steve , Chen Xiaojun , Xiao Hao , Li Jianguang
Published: November 2022

We find that the relative error of a fiber optic current sensor (FOCS) increases quadratically with the electric current to be measured, causing unacceptable inaccuracy for direct current (DC) measurements beyond 100 kA. We prove analytically and confirm experimentally that such a nonlinear relative error escalation (REE) mainly originates from the residual linear birefringence of the spun fiber used in the FOCS. We propose and demonstrate that by first measuring residual linear birefringence, together with the circular birefringence of the spun fiber, the REE of the FOCS can be significantly reduced from -1.22% to -0.15% at 200 kA DC by a compensation scheme using the measured birefringences in the quadratic expression we derived. Further reduction of the REE to -0.02% at 200 kA DC can be obtained if the quadratic relation between the REE and the current under test is experimentally obtained. Our work points to a new direction for drastically improving the accuracy of FOCS at large currents and shall prove beneficial for scientists and engineers working in the field of current sensing.
Simple terahertz metasurface with broadband and efficient functionality
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Shaohe , Wang Hui , Tan Bowen , Xiang Xingcheng , Su Runfeng , Zhang Caihong , Jin Biaobing , Chen Jian , Wu Peiheng
Published: November 2022

Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) metasurfaces have demonstrated mighty capability to manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves, and exhibited potential applications for devices with broadband and efficient functionality. However, it remains a challenge to simultaneously achieve broadband and efficient wavefront manipulation for terahertz (THz) components with simple profiles. Herein, we introduce a simple ultra-thin PB metasurface with superior properties in the THz region. The structure is composed of a simple metallic C-Shaped Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) patterned on a flexible polyimide support layer. It is verified that the circular transmission efficiency is close to the theoretical limit of the single-layer metasurface in the range of 0.6 - 1.2 THz. Furthermore, we design metasurfaces based on the PB meta-atoms with spatially rotated orientation to achieve beam steering and superposition of vortex waves. The results are basically in line with expectations, validating the good performances of our proposal. This simple and easily deployable metasurface will give rise to more possibilities for the design of THz functional devices.
Detailed analysis of the interference patterns measured in lab-based X-ray dual-phase grating interferometry through wave propagation simulation
Authors: Tang Ruizhi , Organista Caori , Goethals Wannes , Stolp Wiebe , Stampanoni Marco , Aelterman Jan , Boone Matthieu N.
Published: November 2022

In this work, we analyze the interference patterns measured in lab-based dual-phase grating interferometry and for the first time explain the spatial dependencies of the measured interference patterns and the large visibility deviations between the theoretical prediction and the experimental results. To achieve this, a simulator based on wave propagation is developed. This work proves that the experimental results can be simulated with high accuracy by including the effective grating thickness profile induced by the cone-beam geometry, the measured detector response function and a non-ideal grating shape. With the comprehensive understanding of dual-phase grating interferometry, this provides the foundations for a more efficient and accurate algorithm to retrieve sample’s structure information, and the realistic simulator is a useful tool for optimizing the set-up.
Circumcising daughters in Nigeria: To what extent does education influence mothers’ FGM/C continuation attitudes?
Authors: Ackah Josephine Akua , Ayerakwah Patience Ansomah , Boakye Kingsley , Owusu Bernard Afriyie , Bediako Vincent Bio , Gyesi Millicent , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Appiah Francis
Published: November 2022

Education has been adjudged as an important behavioural change intervention and a key player in combating Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C). An assumed pathway is that it influences FGM/C attitudes. However, empirical evidence that explores this assumption is scarce. Hence, our study examines whether the associative effect of FGM/C continuation attitudes on circumcision of daughters is influenced by the level of a mother’s education in Nigeria. We extracted data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The study focused on youngest daughters that were born in the last five years preceding the survey. A sample of 5,039 children with complete data on variables of interest to the study were analysed. The main outcome variable for this study is “circumcision among youngest daughters”. The key explanatory variables were maternal “FGM/C continuation attitudes” and “education”. At 95% confidence interval, we conducted a two-level logistic regression modelling and introduced interaction between the key independent variables. In the study’s sample, the prevalence of FGM/C was 34%. It was lower for daughters whose mothers had higher education (12%) and believe FGM/C should discontinue (11.1%). Results from the multivariate analysis show statistically significant odds of circumcision for a daughter whose mother has had higher education and believes FGM/C should discontinue (OR-0.28, 95%CI: 0.08–0.98). For women who believe FGM/C should discontinue, the probability of daughter’s circumcision reduced by 40% if the mother has attained higher education. Among those who believe FGM/C should continue, the probability of daughter’s circumcision worsened if the mother had attained higher education (64%), however, this result was influenced by mothers’ experience of circumcision. Education influences FGM/C attitudes, nonetheless, women’s cutting experience can be a conduit for which the practice persists. Promoting female education should be accompanied by strong political commitment towards enforcing laws on FGM/C practice.
Vicarious experiences of touch (mirror touch) in a Chinese sample: Cross-cultural and individual differences
Authors: Li Mengze , Hao Lei , Ren Zhiting , Qiu Jiang , Ward Jamie
Published: November 2022

Mirror-touch synaesthesia (MTS) refers to tactile sensations people have on their own body when they see another person being touched. This trait has been linked to individual differences in computing body awareness and ownership (e.g., on questionnaires, cognitive tests) as well as differences in the brain. Here it is assessed for the first time in a non-Western (Chinese) population. Study 1 shows that reports of mirror-touch are elevated in a Chinese sample (N = 298) relative to comparable Western samples shown identical stimuli. In other respects, they are qualitatively similar (e.g., showing a difference between whether humans or inanimate objects are touched) and, overall, these differences could not be attributed to an acquiescence bias. The Chinese sample also completed a battery of questionnaires relating to body awareness and social-emotional functioning including mental health (Study 2) and had participated in brain imaging (the structural scans were analysed using voxel-based morphometry in Study 3). Participants reporting higher levels of mirror touch reported higher levels of anxiety. There were no reliable differences in the VBM analysis. It is suggested instead that cross-cultural differences in embodied cognition can manifest themselves in different rates of vicarious experience such as mirror touch.
Indications and techniques of corneal transplants performed in one center in Southern Poland, in the years 2001–2020
Authors: Szkodny Dominika , Wróblewska-Czajka Ewa , Wylęgała Adam , Wylęgała Edward
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The study aimed to evaluate changes over a period of time in techniques and indications for corneal transplantation in a single center in Poland.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of corneal transplants performed at the Ophthalmology Department of the District Railway Hospital in Katowice in 2001–2020. Data on indications and surgical technique were collected.

Results

A total of 3021 corneal transplantations were performed in the years 2000–2020. The most common technique was penetrating keratoplasty (69,54%), then lamellar grafts—both anterior and posterior (19,63%), and limbal grafts (10,82%). Only in 2007 the number of lamellar keratoplasties exceeded the number of penetrating grafts and accounted for 108 (54,55%), including 85 (42,93%) of Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty. The only noticeable trend in changing techniques was a decrease in the number of performed deep anterior lamellar keratoplasties (r 2 = -0.21) over the last seven years. Main indications included bullous keratopathy (23,22%), following keratoconus (18,59%), leukoma (14,67%), keratitis and perforation (14,3%), Fuchs dystrophy (11,4%), and regrafts (7,22%). Leukoma and bullous keratopathy as an indications for corneal transplant have been declining over the years (r2 = 0.60 and r2 = 0.30 respectively). Consecutively, indications such as fuchs dystrophy, regraft and keratitis perforation have increased (r2 = 0.05, r2 = 0.50, r2 = 0.33)

Conclusions

The number of keratoplasties gradually increased from 2001 to 2020. It could be possible that the development and spread of new therapeutic alternatives, like corneal cross-linking and scleral lenses, have contributed to the decrease in deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty performed. There was an increasing trend in the percentage of penetrating keratoplasties for failed grafts, Fuchs dystrophy and infectious keratitis.
A simulation study: Improved ratio-in-regression type variance estimator based on dual use of auxiliary variable under simple random sampling
Authors: Ahmad Sohaib , Hussain Sardar , Ullah Kalim , Zahid Erum , Aamir Muhammad , Shabbir Javid , Ahmad Zubair , Alshanbari Huda M. , Alajlan Wejdan
Published: November 2022

In this article, we proposed an improved finite population variance estimator based on simple random sampling using dual auxiliary information. Mathematical expressions of the proposed and existing estimators are obtained up to the first order of approximation. Two real data sets are used to examine the performances of a new improved proposed estimator. A simulation study is also recognized to assess the robustness and generalizability of the proposed estimator. From the result of real data sets and simulation study, it is examining that the proposed estimator give minimum mean square error and percentage relative efficiency are higher than all existing counterparts, which shown the importance of new improved estimator. The theoretical and numerical result illustrated that the proposed variance estimator based on simple random sampling using dual auxiliary information has the best among all existing estimators.
Diabetes-free survival among living kidney donors and non-donors with obesity: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Killian A. Cozette , Reed Rhiannon D. , McLeod M. Chandler , MacLennan Paul A. , Kumar Vineeta , Pittman Sydney E. , Maynor Andrew G. , Stanford Luke A. , Baker Gavin A. , Schinstock Carrie A. , Silkensen John R. , Roll Garrett R. , Segev Dorry L. , Orandi Babak J. , Lewis Cora E. , Locke Jayme E.
Published: November 2022

Background

Approval of living kidney donors (LKD) with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) risk factors, such as obesity, has increased. While lifetime ESKD development data are lacking, the study of intermediate outcomes such as diabetes is critical for LKD safety. Donation-attributable diabetes risk among persons with obesity remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 10-year diabetes-free survival among LKDs and non-donors with obesity.

Methods

This longitudinal cohort study identified adult, LKDs (1976–2020) from 42 US transplant centers and non-donors from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (1985–1986) and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (1987–1989) studies with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. LKDs were matched to non-donors on baseline characteristics (age, sex, race, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) plus diabetes-specific risk factors (family history of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, smoking history). Accelerated failure time models were utilized to evaluate 10-year diabetes-free survival.

Findings

Among 3464 participants, 1119 (32%) were LKDs and 2345 (68%) were non-donors. After matching on baseline characteristics plus diabetes-specific risk factors, 4% (7/165) LKDs and 9% (15/165) non-donors developed diabetes (median follow-up time 8.5 (IQR: 5.6–10.0) and 9.1 (IQR: 5.9–10.0) years, respectively). While not significant, LKDs were estimated to live diabetes-free 2 times longer than non-donors (estimate 1.91; 95% CI: 0.79–4.64, p = 0.15).

Conclusions

LKDs with obesity trended toward living longer diabetes-free than non-donors with obesity, suggesting within the decade following donation there was no increased diabetes risk among LKDs. Further work is needed to evaluate donation-attributable diabetes risk long-term.
Barriers and facilitators to diabetes screening and prevention after a pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes
Authors: Sinha Drishti D. , Williams Roxann C. , Hollar Laura N. , Lucas Hannah R. , Johnson-Javois Bethany , Miller Heidi B. , Stoermer Amanda , Colditz Graham A. , James Aimee S. , Herrick Cynthia J.
Published: November 2022

Objective

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing in the United States, with higher rates among minoritized racial and ethnic populations and lower income populations. GDM increases risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and postpartum diabetes screening and prevention are imperative. This qualitative study examines barriers and facilitators to postpartum T2DM screening and prevention among non-privately insured individuals with a history of GDM in a state prior to Medicaid expansion.

Methods

Thirty-six non-privately insured women with a history of GDM completed semi-structured interviews. Four focus groups and seven interviews were conducted with 30 nurse practitioners, physicians, physician assistants, nurses and registered dietitians from Federally Qualified Health Centers in St. Louis, MO. Interviews and focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed using an integrative thematic analysis informed by the socio-ecological model.

Results

Barriers and facilitators to T2DM screening and prevention occur across multiple environments (society, healthcare system, interpersonal, and individual). Societal barriers include insurance issues, unemployment, and lack of transportation, childcare, safe housing, and healthy food access, while facilitators include government sponsored programs and community organizations. Healthcare system barriers include care fragmentation, scheduling policies and time constraints while facilitators include care coordination, pregnancy support groups, and education materials. Interpersonal barriers include negative care experiences, cultural differences, communication challenges, competing priorities, and lack of a social support network, while facilitators include family and friend support and positive care experiences. Individual barriers include health complications and unhealthy food and exercise patterns, while facilitators include child wellbeing, empowered attitudes and healthy food and exercise patterns.

Conclusions

The socioecological model highlights the societal and systemic determinants that encompass individual and interpersonal factors affecting postpartum T2DM screening and prevention. This framework can inform multi-level interventions to increase postpartum T2DM screening and prevention in this high-risk population, including policy changes to alleviate higher-level barriers.
Association of red cell distribution width/albumin ratio with intraoperative blood transfusion in cervical cancer patients
Authors: Sim Ji-Hoon , Jang Dong-Min , Cho Hyun-Seok , Park Jong Yeon , Choi Woo-Jong
Published: November 2022

Background

Although minimally invasive surgical techniques have reduced intraoperative bleeding, the risk of transfusion exists. However, few studies have evaluated risk factors for transfusion in radical hysterectomy. We aimed to evaluate the association between preoperative red cell distribution width/albumin ratio (RDW/albumin) and transfusion in cervical cancer patients.

Methods

We analyzed 907 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy between June 2006 and February 2015. Logistic regression and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for transfusion and mortality at 5-year and overall. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated identification improvement (IDI) analyses were performed to verify the improvement of the intraoperative transfusion model upon the addition of RDW/albumin.

Results

RDW/albumin was an independent risk factor for transfusion (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.77, p = 0.035). Additionally, body mass index, operation time, laparoscopic surgery, total fluids, and synthetic colloid were risk factors for transfusion. RDW/albumin was an independent risk factor for 5-year mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.07–2.14, p = 0.020), and overall mortality (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.06–2.07, p = 0.021). NRI and IDI analyses showed the discriminatory power of RDW/albumin for transfusion (p<0.001 and p = 0.046, respectively).

Conclusions

RDW/albumin might be a significant factor in transfusion and mortality in cervical cancer patients.
The causal role of affect sharing in driving vicarious fear learning
Authors: Müllner-Huber Alexa , Anton-Boicuk Lisa , Pronizius Ekaterina , Lengersdorff Lukas , Olsson Andreas , Lamm Claus
Published: November 2022

Vicarious learning, i.e. learning through observing others rather than through one’s own experiences, is an integral skill of social species. The aim of this study was to assess the causal role of affect sharing, an important aspect of empathy, in vicarious fear learning. N = 39 participants completed a vicarious Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm. In the learning stage, they watched another person–the demonstrator–responding with distress when receiving electric shocks to a color cue (conditioned stimulus; CS+; a different color served as CS-). In the subsequent test stage, an increased skin conductance response (SCR) to the CS+ presented in the absence of the demonstrator indexed vicarious fear learning. Each participant completed this paradigm under two different hypnotic suggestions, which were administered to induce high or low affect sharing with the demonstrator in the learning stage, following a counterbalanced within-subject design. In the learning stage, high affect sharing resulted in stronger unconditioned SCR, increased eye gaze toward the demonstrator’s face, and higher self-reported unpleasantness while witnessing the demonstrator’s distress. In the test stage, participants showed a stronger conditioned fear response (SCR) when they had learned under high, compared to low, affect sharing. In contrast, participants’ declarative memory of how many shocks the demonstrator had received with each cue was not influenced by the affect sharing manipulation. These findings demonstrate that affect sharing is involved in enhancing vicarious fear learning, and thus advance our understanding of the role of empathy, and more generally emotion, in social observational learning.
Bioinformatic analysis and clinical diagnostic value of hsa_circ_0004099 in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Zheng Jiqing , Luo Shuiming , Long Yaobin
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the expression and effect of hsa_circ_0004099 in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We conducted a case-controlled study that included 40 patients with AIS within 24 hours and 40 healthy subjects during the same period as a control group. Differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) were obtained using GEO2R, and the expression of hsa_circ_0004099 was verified using RT-PCR. Correlation analysis of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) disease severity score and ischemic time with hsa_circ_0004099 expression levels was also performed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of hsa_circ_0004099 was constructed, and bioinformatic analysis of hsa_circ_0004099 was performed. NIHSS scores negatively correlated with hsa_circ_0004099 levels (P<0.001, r = -0.7053), whereas infarct time was negatively correlated with hsa_circ_0004099 levels (P<0.001, r = -0.5130); hsa_circ_0004099 could benefit clinical diagnosis (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.923 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8680–0.9904]). Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that hsa_circ_0004099 was enriched in several cancer pathways, which were collectively enriched in four genes namely TCF7L2, NRAS, CTNNB1, and KRAS. Eight core proteins were screened using a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network namely SMAD4, HIF1A, CTNNB1, CDKN1B, CDK6, FOXO3, KRAS, and NRAS. hsa_circ_0004099 is a potential clinical diagnostic marker. In addition, the possible role of hsa_circ_0004099 in the pathogenesis of AIS was analyzed using bioinformatics, which provided a new potential molecular target for AIS treatment.
Deep mutational scans for ACE2 binding, RBD expression, and antibody escape in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 receptor-binding domains
Authors: Starr Tyler N. , Greaney Allison J. , Stewart Cameron M. , Walls Alexandra C. , Hannon William W. , Veesler David , Bloom Jesse D.
Published: November 2022

SARS-CoV-2 continues to acquire mutations in the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) that impact ACE2 receptor binding, folding stability, and antibody recognition. Deep mutational scanning prospectively characterizes the impacts of mutations on these biochemical properties, enabling rapid assessment of new mutations seen during viral surveillance. However, the effects of mutations can change as the virus evolves, requiring updated deep mutational scans. We determined the impacts of all single amino acid mutations in the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 RBDs on ACE2-binding affinity, RBD folding, and escape from binding by the LY-CoV1404 (bebtelovimab) monoclonal antibody. The effects of some mutations in Omicron RBDs differ from those measured in the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 background. These epistatic shifts largely resemble those previously seen in the Alpha variant due to the convergent epistatically modifying N501Y substitution. However, Omicron variants show additional lineage-specific shifts, including examples of the epistatic phenomenon of entrenchment that causes the Q498R and N501Y substitutions present in Omicron to be more favorable in that background than in earlier viral strains. In contrast, the Omicron substitution Q493R exhibits no sign of entrenchment, with the derived state, R493, being as unfavorable for ACE2 binding in Omicron RBDs as in Wuhan-Hu-1. Likely for this reason, the R493Q reversion has occurred in Omicron sub-variants including BA.4/BA.5 and BA.2.75, where the affinity buffer from R493Q reversion may potentiate concurrent antigenic change. Consistent with prior studies, we find that Omicron RBDs have reduced expression, and identify candidate stabilizing mutations that ameliorate this deficit. Last, our maps highlight a broadening of the sites of escape from LY-CoV1404 antibody binding in BA.1 and BA.2 compared to the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 background. These BA.1 and BA.2 deep mutational scanning datasets identify shifts in the RBD mutational landscape and inform ongoing efforts in viral surveillance.
Results of the research of higher fungi in Khan Khentey, Mongolia
Authors: Kherlenchimeg Nyamsuren , Otgontsetseg Davaanyam , Ganbaatar Kherlenchimeg , Urgamal Magsar
Published: November 2022

There were recorded currently 631 species of higher fungi belonging to 237 genera, 88 families, 31 orders of 2 phyla in Mongolia. In 2008-2021, we collected approximately 600 samples of higher fungi in Khentey region including Khuder, Eruu (Minj), Mandal (Khonin nuga) of Selenge province; Shariingol of Darkhan-Uul province; Mungunmorit of Tuv province and Batshireet, Umnudelger of Khentii province. As a result of study, there were recorded 479 species of higher fungi belonging to 201 genera, 79 families, 27 orders of 2 phyla in Khentey mountain taiga region, and it covers 75.9 percent of all higher fungi species distributed in Mongolia. In addition, we were newly added 12 species of higher fungi in species composition of Khentey mountain taiga region; moreover, it was also new to Mongolian mycoflora since 2000. Among them 4 species were referred to families Mycenaceae, Pleurotaceae and one new species belongs to each of the following families Agaricaceae, Auriscalpiaceae, Russulaceae, Suillaceae, Entolomataceae, Hygrophoraceae, Boletace-ae, Tricholomataceae.
UNIDADES DE PAISAGEM DA BACIA DO RIO JEQUITINHONHA, EM MINAS GERAIS: SUBSÍDIOS PARA A GESTÃO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS
Authors: Ferreira Vanderlei de Oliveira
Published: November 2022

A análise de aspectos fisiográficos, bióticos e antrópicos das bacias hidrográficas deve oferecer subsídios efetivos para o processo de determinação de pontos de maiores e menores restrições hídricas, limites de possíveis irreversibilidades e indicação regionalizada de alternativas de manejo. Nesse contexto, é preciso desenvolver e testar instrumentos destinados à identificação da interação entre o processo de apropriação humana do território e a base natural, em compartimentos espaciais internos às bacias. O presente texto se atém aos aspectos naturais, procurando avaliar a possibilidade de aplicação da abordagem paisagística Ã  gestão de recursos hídricos . A parte mineira da bacia do rio Jequitinhonha foi tomada como estudo de caso. Verifica-se que a região mais heterogênea da bacia abrange a margem esquerda do rio Jequitinhonha, das cabeceiras até a sub-bacia do rio Salinas, onde ocorrem todos os tipos de litologia e feições morfológicas, vegetação e solos presentes na totalidade da área de estudo. Na margem direita do mesmo rio, incorporando a quase totalidade da sub-bacia do rio Araçuaí, predominam amplas chapadas capeadas por sedimentos cenozóicos, vegetação de cerrado e manchas de floresta estacional. No Médio Jequitinhonha, estendendo-se do município de Araçuaí até o extremo jusante da área de estudo, em ambas as margens, predominam as rochas graníticas e gnáissicas, maciços estruturais e intrusões em forma de pontões, vegetação de caatinga no setor oeste e florestas estacionais no setor leste. O relevo fortemente ondulado e os solos muito susceptíveis à erosão são características presentes em todas as unidades de paisagem.
CHUVAS NA AMAZÔNIA MATO-GROSSENSE: ANÁLISE HISTÓRICA E TENDÊNCIA FUTURA
Authors: Faria Thiago Guimaraes
Published: November 2022

A diversidade de variações climáticas denota a seriedade de estudos na detecção de convergências ou alterações nas séries temporais pluviométricas. Com o objetivo de analisar a precipitação pluvial e tendência futura das chuvas na Amazônia Mato-Grossense, realizou-se um estudo com regressão linear e medidas de tendência central e de dispersão dos índices pluviométricos de chuva. Utilizaram-se 37 estações pluviométricas com 30 anos de dados. Foram usadas as médias mensais e anuais de precipitação das séries históricas de dados pluviométricos obtidos da Rede Hidrometeorológica Nacional, que foram submetidos a uma análise preliminar. Para o tratamento estatístico calculou-se a média, a mediana e desvio padrão temporais da precipitação pluviométrica, necessárias para verificar os parâmetros, e observou-se a dispersão da amostra. A maior precipitação observada foi para o mês de março, com 394,7mm no ano de 1991 e a menor foi de 186,0mm no ano de 2002. A previsão linear de maior crescimento da precipitação pluviométrica foi para o mês de março, que possui elevados índices de chuva para a região e, a menor, foi para o mês junho, que possui baixa pluviosidade histórica. Verifica-se também uma tendência do mês junho para o julho de decréscimo de precipitação nas variações das previsões, indicando um menor índice pluviométrico. Observa-se uma tendência de diminuição nos índices pluviométricos médios, entre 1977 e 2006, para a Amazônia do estado do MT, na ordem de 12,25%.

Autores:Thiago Guimarães Faria- thiagoguimaraesfaria@hotmail.com- CPRM

Francisco Fernando Noronha Marcuzzo- fmarcuzzo@go.cprm.gov.br- CPRM
ESTUDO MORFOLÓGICO E CLIMÁTICO DOS MUNICÍPIOS DA REGIÃO SERRANA DO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO
Authors: Dell Elizabeth , Dos Santos Alexandre Rosa , Da Silva Kmila Gomes
Published: November 2022

Os elementos meteorológicos e aspectos morfológicos de uma região podem ser representados através de fatores geográficos, que por sua vez, possibilita a espacialização dos mesmos, por meio de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG). O estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a região Serrana do Espírito Santo no aspecto morfológico e climatológico com auxílio do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (ArcGis 9.0) tomando como base o Levantamento de Recursos Naturais do Projeto RADAMBRASIL (1983). Foram elaborados mapas temáticos referente aos elementos meteorológicos (pluviosidade, temperatura, evapotranspiração, deficiência e excedente hídrico) com uma série história de mais de 30 anos (1969 a 2005), e mapas de declividade, hipsometria, aspecto e modelo sombreado do terreno no aplicativo computacional ArcGis 9.0. Os resultados apontam que os municípios da região Serrana possuem diferenças em relação ao clima e a morfologia. Verificou-se que na parte Oeste da região o clima é mais quente, chove menos e o relevo possui altitudes menores que 400 metros. Já os municípios do quadrante Leste, as temperaturas são mais amenas, os índices pluviométricos são maiores e o relevo possui altitudes elevadas ultrapassando a 1.000 metros.
PADRÃO DE FRAGMENTAÇÃO DA VEGETAÇÃO NATIVA NA ZONA RURAL ASSOCIADA AO PERÍMETRO URBANO DE RONDONÓPOLIS, MATO GROSSO
Authors: Rohling Fábio Junior , Da Silva Normandes Matos
Published: November 2022

Fragmentos de vegetação nativa do bioma Cerrado foram selecionados e hierarquizados em termos de índices quantitativos (área e forma), que representam métricas de análise da Ecologia de Paisagens. Foram avaliados 30 fragmentos de cerrado, de diversos tamanhos e formas, dispostos em regiões de interflúvio. Houve o mapeamento dos fragmentos a partir de imagens de satélite, ocorrendo os cálculos das métricas da paisagem. Na paisagem avaliada, o menor fragmento apresentou 1,83 ha, enquanto o maior apresentou 16,5 ha. O menor valor obtido, em termos de índice de forma, foi de 1,15 e o maior valor foi de 2,14. No gradiente de fragmentos, constata-se que fragmentos menores e mais irregulares devem receber atenção quanto à prioridade de restauração ecológica, para ocorrer maior permeabilidade da matriz antrópica, que, na região, é composta essencialmente por pasto plantado. Com isso, haveria a integração dos fragmentos com a rede de corredores ripários das matas ciliares do rio Vermelho, córrego Pintaluga, córrego Macaco e córrego Lageadinho, que nascem na zona rural e se dirigem para a periferia e interior do perímetro urbano de Rondonópolis. Os dados da pesquisa são estratégicos para o planejamento territorial de Rondonópolis, principalmente em termos de aperfeiçoamento do plano diretor municipal.
A IMPORTÂNCIA EXTENSIONISTA E O PROJETO CIÊNCIAS DA TERRA: PRATICANDO E COMPREENDENDO A GEOCIÊNCIAS NA REGIÃO DO PONTAL DO TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO
Authors: Alves Emerson Jhammes Francisco , De Souza Lara Cristina Alves , Moura Gerusa Gonçalves , Candeiro Carlos Roberto dos A.
Published: November 2022

Este artigo é o resultado do projeto de extensão universitária denominado "Ciências da Terra: Praticando e Compreendendo a Geociências na região do Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro", desenvolvimento no âmbito do Curso de Geografia/Universidade Federal de Uberlândia/Faculdade de Ciências Integradas Campus do Pontal. Este trabalho demonstra como um projeto de extensão dá oportunidade ao aluno de socializar seu conhecimento, provocando uma interação entre comunidade e universidade. O projeto foi desenvolvido nas escolas públicas dos municípios de Ituiutaba, Carneirinho e Campina Verde, do 6° ao 9° ano, do Ensino Fundamental.
ANÁLISE DO RELEVO DA BACIA DO CORREGO CASTELO (BAURU - SP): A INFLUÊNCIA DA URBANIZAÇÃO NOS PROCESSOS EROSIVOS
Authors: Thomazini Leonardo , Da Cunha Cenira Maria Lupinacci
Published: November 2022

A expansão urbana na maioria das cidades brasileiras, muitas vezes se dá de forma desordenada e em lugares impróprios, proporcionando consequências desastrosas como enchentes, assoreamento das drenagens e deslizamentos, conferindo riscos à população ali instalada e prejuízos aos cofres públicos. Assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal analisar a influência da expansão urbana no surgimento dos processos erosivos lineares, por meio dos estudos do relevo, na Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego do Castelo, localizada na cidade de Bauru/SP. Para isto, utilizou-se o arcabouço teórico-metodológico da teoria Geral dos Sistemas, através da qual a Bacia Hidrográfica é compreendida como um sistema aberto, composto por conjuntos sendo estes, formados por elementos que se inter-relacionam. Deste modo, foram confeccionadas cartas morfométricas, usando as técnicas da cartografia digital semiautomática e associando os dados por estes obtidos, foi possível a construção da Carta de Energia do Relevo. Esta, juntamente com as Cartas Geomorfológicas, de Uso e Ocupação da Terra e os trabalhos de campo permitiram uma análise satisfatória, identificando a influência da ocupação urbana nos processos morfogênicos, onde a impermeabilização do solo nas vertentes, a canalização do escoamento superficial e a ocupação de fundo de vale exercem ações significativas sobre o relevo.
ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O MERCADO DE CRÉDITOS DE CARBONO E OS SEUS ASPECTOS COMERCIAIS
Authors: Da Silva Ariana Santos , Lopes Junior Wilson Martins
Published: November 2022

Nas últimas décadas, a questão ambiental tem despertado preocupação e interesse de diferentes setores e atores mundiais. As questões ambientais contemporâneas expressam as contradições internas provocadas pelo sistema socioeconômico resultando na degradação que se manifesta com a tendência ao esgotamento dos recursos naturais, na perda da biodiversidade e na degradação dos ecossistemas. Estes fatores comprometem a qualidade de vida humana, ameaçando a continuidade da mesma no que se refere às gerações futuras. Neste sentido surge a necessidade de promover mudanças efetivas que garantam a continuidade e a qualidade da vida em longo prazo. Considerando os problemas relacionados ao aquecimento global devido aos efeitos potenciais sobre a saúde humana, economia e meio ambiente, surge à necessidade de estabelecer vários mecanismos que amenizem as consequências das degradações ambientais, especialmente, com a redução de gases de efeito. Neste contexto se insere este artigo, contribuir para o aprofundamento das reflexões sobre a questão ambiental, dos problemas decorrentes da emissão de carbono, assim como a sua discussão em relação ao Mercado Mundial de Créditos de Carbono.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA DE BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS NA REGIÃO DE MANAUS - AM.
Authors: Costa Eduardo Bulcão da Silva , Silva Clauzionor Lima , Silva Márcio Luiz
Published: November 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma caracterização física das bacias hidrográficas da área urbana do município de Manaus - AM, se limitando as bacias hidrográficas do Tarumã-Açu e Puraquequara. Para tanto foi utilizado o programa computacional ArcGis 9.2®, para o processamento dos dados SRTM. Diante dos resultados obtidos, foi verificado que as bacias hidrográficas do Tarumã-Açu e Puraquequara no município de Manaus-AM podem ser classificadas como grandes quanto Ã  área. São naturalmente não muito sujeitas a enchentes, pouco dissecadas e com baixa declividade, o que resultará em uma resposta hidrológica lenta, com redução dos picos de enchente.
ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS E EXPANSÃO DO USO DA TERRA NO LITORAL NORTE DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Ruiz Junior Luiz Donizetti , De Oliveira Regina Celia
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo apresenta o mapeamento de diferentes categorias de Unidades de Conservação do Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo. A identificação e definição das diferentes categorias destas áreas de proteção foram realizadas, baseada nas restrições legais definidas pelas legislações federais, estaduais e municipais vigentes, e na revisão bibliográfica do tema em questão. Desta forma, com o auxílio do software ArcGis 10 foram realizados levantamentos cartográficos de material pré-existente e através de imagens de satélites, definiu-se os limites das áreas naturais protegidas e da expansão da malha urbana na região em estudo, buscando correlacionar com a evolução da implantação das unidades de conservação nesta área, bem como com o crescimento populacional e a ascensão das atividades sociais e econômicas. Na análise final da produção cartográfica e do material bibliográfico foram identificadas as zonas de conflito quanto ao uso da terra, onde áreas legalmente protegidas estão sendo ocupadas pela expansão da mancha urbana.