bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of milk thistle, methifene and sylimevit on the morphological parameters of laying hens in experimental chronic cadmium toxicosis
Authors: Ostapyuk A. Y. , Gutyj B. V.
Published: April 2020

One of the most pressing problems of modern science is the systematic study of natural processes, forecasting and complex assessment of changes in the environment under the influence of anthropogenic load. Blood composition is a relatively constant indicator, which is at the same time one of the labile systems of laying hens. Physiological processes that occur in the body, largely affect the quality of blood. Hematological studies make it possible to study in more detail the effect of cadmium on the body of chickens, on the basis of which a more specific development of the scheme of treatment and prevention of cadmium toxicosis in poultry is possible. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of milk thistle, methifene and silymevitis on the morphological indices of laying hens in the development of chronic cadmium toxicosis. 32 laying hens, 78 weeks of age, were selected for the study. Four experimental groups were formed: control and three experimental. The control group (C) chickens and the three experimental groups were cadmium sulfate 4 mg/kg body weight in water. The chickens of the experimental group E1 with feed were fed the fruits of milk thistle spotted at a dose of 2.0 g/kg of feed once a day for 30 days. The chickens of the E2 experimental group were fed methifene at a dose of 0.28 g/kg of feed once a day for 30 days with feed. The chickens of the E3 experimental group were fed a sylimevit at a dose of 0.36 g/kg of feed once a day for 30 days. Drinking cadmium sulphate to laying hens at a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight contributed to a decrease in red blood cell count, hemoglobin level and an increase in leukocyte counts. With cadmium load of laying hens, milk thistle, methifene and sylimevit have a positive effect on the morphological parameters of the blood. In chronic cadmium toxicosis in laying hens, the best normalizing effect on the morphological parameters of the blood of experimental chickens is sylimevit, compared with methifene and milk thistle.
Chemical composition of differently processed Cattle Hoof meal Waste as Feedstuff Ingredient
Authors: Falaye A. E. , Sule S. O.
Published: April 2020

Waste generation at slaughter from ruminant has led to environmental concerns. Processing slaughter house waste will reduce the problem of disposal and possible utilisation in livestock feed. Subjecting Cattle hoof meal to different processing methods can help in enhancing its nutritive value. Cattle hoof were obtained from the slaughter house; raw hoof was subjected to processing methods by boiling; chemical treatment with 10 % soda ash + boiling; fermentation treatment in water + boiling; 10 % wood ash treatment in water + boiling; autoclave treatment and samples analysed for proximate composition, amino acid profile and mineral content analysis according to standard methods. The hoof proximal analysis ranged 9.30 ± 0.06 % – 12.39 ± 0.01 % moisture content; 0.34 ± 0.01 % – 2.50 ± 0.12 % ash; 0.31 ± 0.01 % – 1.47 ± 0.02 % crude fat; 0.19 ± 0.02 % – 12.71 ± 0.15 % crude fibre and 85.27 ± 0.20 % – 90.74 ± 0.26 % crude protein in all samples. The amino acids profile of the hoof showed significant difference among treated samples. Tryptophan an essential amino acid was below detectable limit in all processed samples and raw hoof. The essential and non-essential minerals content showed significant difference (P < 0.05) among treatments with highest (Mg, Fe, K) in wood ash; (Cu) in raw hoof; (Ca, Na, P, Mn, Zn) in autoclaved samples. This study, suggest that Cattle hoof has the potential of being exploited as a source of animal protein for feed formulation in animal nutrition. This research concludes that the different processing methods affect the nutritive profiles of treated samples hence supplementation of limiting amino acids envisaged.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN STANDAR PELAYANAN FISIOTERAPI BERDASARKAN PERMENKES NOMOR 65 TAHUN 2015 DI PUSKESMAS WILAYAH KERJA DINAS KESEHATAN KOTA PADANG PANJANG
Authors: Utami Rindu Febriyeni , Asbiran Nursal , Khadijah Siti
Published: April 2020

Permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat masih banyak yang belum terselesaikan, ditandai dengan meningkatnya penyakit tidak menular. Upaya pencegahan penyakit tersebut dimulai dari fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama. Dalam Permenkes Nomor 65 Tahun 2015 fisioterapi terlibat dalam pelayanan tingkat pertama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang implementasi kebijakan Permenkes Nomor 65 Tahun 2015 di Puskesmas Kota Padang Panjang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi yang dilakukan pada bulan April sampai Juli 2019, pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan pedoman wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumen melalui wawancara mendalam dengan kepala dinas, kasi pelayanan kesehatan, ketua IFI dan seluruh kepala Puskesmas Kota Padang Panjang. Hasil penelitian diketahui input seperti kebijakan tentang Permenkes Nomor 65 Tahun 2015 belum pernah disosialisasikan, tenaga fisioterapi belum ada, ketersediaan dana, sarana prasarana belum memadai. Proses implementasi kebijakan pelayanan fisioterapi di Puskesmas, belum ada tenaga fisioterapi yang terlibat dalam program Puskesmas. Dan Output yang diperoleh, Permenkes Nomor 65 Tahun 2015 belum pernah disosialisasikan oleh Pemerintah sehingga belum ada perencanaan dan penerapan tenaga, dana, sarana dan prasarana untuk melakukan pelayanan Fisioterapi di Puskesmas. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah seluruh Puskesmas di Kota Padang Panjang belum pernah mendapatkan sosialisasi kebijakan tentang Permenkes Nomor 65 Tahun 2015 sehingga belum ada implementasi pelayanan fisioterapi di Puskesmas.
FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MANDIANGIN KOTABUKITTINGGI
Authors: Mardiah Ainal
Published: April 2020

One of the highest causes of maternal death in Bukittinggi City is anemia. Mandiangin Health Center is the second highest Public Health Center with anemia, from 56 pregnant women as many as 29 pregnant women have anemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of economic status, education, employment, age, parity, and nutritional status with anemia of pregnant women in the working area of the Mandiangin Community Health Center in Bukittinggi City. This type of research is analytic descriptive with cross sectional approach. Samples amounted to 29 pregnant women, with sampling techniques with purposive sampling The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the incidence of anemia with economic status (p = 0.03), education (p = 0.02), employment (p = 0.04), age (p = 0.00), parity (p = 0.00) and nutritional status (p = 0.001). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between economic status, education, employment, age, parity and nutritional status with anemia in pregnant women. It is recommended for pregnant women to be active in prenatal care so that anemia in pregnant women can be detected early
ANALISIS EVALUASI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DAN KIE PADA PELAKSANAAN MANAJEMEN LAKTASI DI PUSKESMAS
Authors: Melinda Vitria
Published: April 2020

Manajemen laktasi bagi ibu hamil didasarkan pada  konsekuensi proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi sejak dalam kandungan sampai saat dilahirkan dan pada masa emas kehidupan awalnya. Dalam pelaksanaannya terutama dimulai pada masa kehamilan segera setelah persalinan dan pada masa menyusui selanjutnya.

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi, mendeskripsikan, menginterpretasikan dan mengevaluasi sumber daya manusia (SDM) dan KIE pada pelaksanaan manajemen laktasi di Puskesmas.

Metode penelitian kualitatif, desain penelitian survey deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kota Padang. Informan terdiri dari Bagian Gizi Dinas Kesehatan Kota Padang, Kepala Puskesmas, dan Pelaksana Kesehatan Ibu, Tenaga Gizi, dan Pengguna Pelayanan, pemilihan informan secara purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam serta observasi pada saat dilapangan dipaparkan melalui matrik Triangulasi.

Hasil penelitian dari evaluasi pelaksanaan manajemen laktasi di Puskesmas Kota Padang sudah dilakukan dengan maksimal dan sesuai dengan SOP tetapi masih terdapat kendala seperti kesibukan ibu bekerja, kesibukan petugas kesehatan, pengetahuan ibu, dukungan keluarga dan sikap maka pelaksanaan manajemen laktasi dari masa kehamilan, segera setelah lahir hingga masa nifas belum mencapai target. Sebagian besar pengguna pelayanan mengungkapkan bahwa pada saat ANC penjelasan KIE mengenai ASI belum sepenuhnya mereka dapatkan, tetapi pelaksanaan  IMD dan ASI Eksklusif sudah dilakukan dengan baik.

            Disimpulkan bahwa program manajemen laktasi ini perlu dimaksimalkan, terutama kunjungan antenatal yang berkualitas, penyampaian KIE ASI.
COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 12: Reporting week ending 23:59 AEST 19 April 2020
Authors:   COVID-19 National Incident Room Surveillance Team
Published: April 2020

Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 19 April 2020: notifications = 6,606; deaths = 69. The reduction in international travel and domestic movement, social distancing measures and public health action have likely slowed the spread of the disease. Notifications in Australia remain predominantly among people with recent overseas travel, with some locally-acquired cases being detected. Most locally-acquired cases can be linked back to a confirmed case, with a small portion unable to be epidemiologically linked. The distribution of overseas-acquired cases to locally-acquired cases varies by jurisdiction. The crude case fatality rate (CFR) in Australia remains low (1.0%) compared to the World Health Organization’s globally-reported rate (6.8%) and to other comparable high-income countries such as the United States of America (4.7%) and the United Kingdom (13.5%). The low CFR is likely reflective of high case ascertainment including detection of mild cases. High case ascertainment enables public health response and reduction of disease transmission. Internationally, cases continue to increase. The rates of increase have started to slow in several regions, although it is too soon to tell whether this trend will be sustained. Interpretation of international epidemiology should be conducted with caution as it differs from country to country depending not only on the disease dynamics, but also on differences in case detection, testing and implemented public health measures.
Avaliação de desperdício em restaurantes comerciais do tipo self-service total na Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)
Authors: Souza Priscila Guadagno de , Santos Suzana Felix dos , Nogueira Talita Braga de Brito , Santana Isabelle , Fai Ana Elizabeth Cavalcante
Published: April 2020

O controle das perdas e desperdício de alimentos é relevante do ponto de vista econômico, em relação ao combate à fome e na melhoria da segurança alimentar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desperdício de refeições e identificar e quantificar os resíduos de frutas e hortaliças em restaurantes comerciais do tipo self-service na Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, comparar os dados desta pesquisa com outros estudos, e apresentar estratégias para minimização e reaproveitamento de resíduos.  Para análise da sobra descartada foi realizada a pesagem das cubas, ainda com alimentos, descontando o valor do recipiente. Para quantificar o índice de resto ingestão, foram pesados os restos deixados pelos comensais. Os resíduos de frutas e hortaliças foram pesados separadamente. Para obtenção do valor monetário perdido com a sobra descartada, multiplicou-se o preço do quilograma (kg) de comida cobrado aos clientes pela sobra descartada. Os dados foram avaliados por análise de variância (ANOVA) seguida de pós-teste de Tukey (p≤ 0,05), utilizando os softwares Excel 365 (Microsoft®) e PAST 3.2. Para levantamento dos dados de outros estudos e das estratégias para minimização e reaproveitamento de resíduos, foi realizada revisão bibliográfica. Os três restaurantes apresentaram resto ingestão per capita dentro dos valores usuais de acordo com a literatura (15-45 g). Entretanto, a sobra descartada per capita foi superior ao que é preconizado e o Restaurante 1 apresentou maior perda monetária com esta sobra. No Restaurante 1, a soma dos resíduos de frutas e hortaliças corresponderam a mais de 50% do total de resíduos orgânicos. O desperdício de alimentos representa um cenário real, sendo preocupante sob o ponto de vista social, econômico e ambiental. Desta forma, políticas públicas são necessárias para ampliar as condições de acesso à alimentação, incentivar o reaproveitamento dos alimentos e reduzir os resíduos gerados.
COMPARISON OF NAIVE BAYES ALGORITHM AND C.45 ALGORITHM IN CLASSIFICATION OF POOR COMMUNITIES RECEIVING NON CASH FOOD ASSISTANCE IN WANASARI VILLAGE KARAWANG REGENCY
Authors: Alkhalifi Yuris , Zumarniansyah Ainun , Ardianto Rian , Hardi Nila , Augustia Annisa Elfina
Published: April 2020

Non-Cash Food Assistance or Bantuan Pangan Non-Tunai (BPNT) is food assistance from the government given to the Beneficiary Family (KPM) every month through an electronic account mechanism that is used only to buy food at the Electronic Shop Mutual Assistance Joint Business Group Hope Family Program (e-Warong KUBE PKH ) or food traders working with Bank Himbara. In its distribution, BPNT still has problems that occur that are experienced by the village apparatus especially the apparatus of Desa Wanasari on making decisions, which ones are worthy of receiving (poor) and not worthy of receiving (not poor). So one way that helps in making decisions can be done through the concept of data mining. In this study, a comparison of 2 algorithms will be carried out namely Naive Bayes Classifier and Decision Tree C.45. The total sample used is as much as 200 head of household data which will then be divided into 2 parts into validation techniques is 90% training data and 10% test data of the total sample used then the proposed model is made in the RapidMiner application and then evaluated using the Confusion Matrix table to find out the highest level of accuracy from 2 of these methods. The results in this classification indicate that the level of accuracy in the Naive Bayes Classifier method is 98.89% and the accuracy level in the Decision Tree C.45 method is 95.00%. Then the conclusion that in this study the algorithm with the highest level of accuracy is the Naive Bayes Classifier algorithm method with a difference in the accuracy rate of 3.89%.
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SELECTION OF CHAIRMAN OF OSIS USING ELECTRE METHOD IN SMK PGRI 35 WEST JAKARTA
Authors: Rosmiati Mia , Sari Nur Atika
Published: April 2020

In an organization choosing a leader who is highly dedicated, responsible and responsive to every problem is not easy. A leader is not only required to have intelligence and skill but also must have a soul of leadership, a great sense of responsibility and can be a role model. The purpose of this study was to determine the student council president using the ELECTRE method based on 4 (four) criteria, namely managerial ability, knowledge and skills, collaborative communication responsibilities and discipline. With the application of the ELECTRE method, it is expected to be able to achieve these objectives. With the implementation of the ELECTRE method in the process of electing the student council president at SMK PGRI 35 Jakarta, it can determine the student council chair with accurate results in accordance with the criteria given by the school. The results of calculations with the Electre method will obtain the highest rating, namely: A3 (Miranti Sofia) because if it indicates that the alternative is the chosen alternative.
COMPARISON OF DATA MINING CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM FOR PREDICTING THE PERFORMANCE OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Pattiasina Tiska , Rosiyadi Didi
Published: April 2020

Data Mining is a series of processes to explore added value in the form of unknown information manually from the database. In the world of data mining education can be used to obtain information about student performance. In this study the researchers took research samples from class XI (eleven) students at SMAN 3 Ambon by classifying student performance based on thirteen attributes, namely: age, sex, school organization, extracurricular activities, pocket money, duration of study at home, duration of social media, online game duration, attendance, illness, permits, semester 1 and semester 2 grades. Using the KDD (Knowledge Discovery Database) method and classification algorithm that will be used, namely, decision tree, Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor. And then do the test using k-fold cross validation.
IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISION TREE AND K-NN CLASSIFICATION OF INTEREST IN CONTINUING STUDENT SCHOOL
Authors: Saputri Daniati Uki Eka , Nugraha Fitra Septia , Hidayat Taopik , Latif Abdul , Suryadi Ade , Pohan Achmad Baroqah
Published: April 2020

Education is important to prepare quality Human Resources (HR) because quality human resources is an important factor for the nation and state development. Therefore, it is expected that every citizen has the right to get high educational opportunities from the 12-year compulsory education level. This study aims to implement the Decision Tree and K-NN algorithm in the classification of student interest in continuing school.  This study proposes combining the Decision Tree and K-NN algorithm methods to improve accuracy with the Gain Ratio, Information Gain and Gini Index approaches for the measurement process. The test results show that the use of the Decision Tree algorithm produces an accuracy value of 97.30% while using the K-NN algorithm produces an accuracy of 89.60%. While the proposed method by combining the Decision Tree and K-NN algorithms produces an accuracy value of 98.07%. The results of evaluation measurements using the Area Under Curve (AUC) on the Decision Tree algorithm are 0.992 and the AUC on K-NN is 0.958 and on the combination of the Decision Tree and K-NN algorithms of 0.979. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm is very significant towards increasing accuracy in the classification of the interests of high school students continuing school
Limited effects of Sargassum horneri, an invasive alga, on temperate reef fish assemblages
Authors: Ginther SC , Steele MA
Published: April 2020

Biological invasions can dramatically affect the ecology of invaded regions, and globally have resulted in economic damages that total billions of dollars annually. In recent years, an invasive alga, Sargassum horneri, has become established and spread along the coast of southern California (USA). Using field observations and a field experiment, we explored how this non-native alga influences the structure of fish assemblages on temperate reefs in southern California where S. horneri has become prolific. Fish and algal assemblages were quantified along transects on rocky reefs at depths of 3 and 6 m at 6-8 study sites spanning 5 km on 4 occasions over 1.5 yr. Spatiotemporal variation in the fish assemblage was not strongly correlated with the abundance of invasive S. horneri over this period, although it became less variable as native giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera disappeared from the study sites due to a warm-water event, during which the invasive S. horneri became more dominant. An experiment removing a total of 4.25 t of S. horneri from 6 × 6 m plots (n = 14) revealed that the invasive alga did not affect fish abundance, species richness, species diversity (H’), or multivariate assemblage structure over a 5 mo period. Overall, we found little evidence of negative effects of S. horneri on fishes even though it drastically changed the underwater landscape. Nevertheless, we advise cautionary management actions to limit the movement of this invasive alga because its effects on other community members, such as other algal species, may be detrimental, and longer-term effects on fishes might develop.
Salvia hispanica L. (Lamiaceae), a new alien species in the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Balkans
Authors: Maslo Semir , Šarić Šemso
Published: April 2020

Salvia hispanica L. native in S Mexico to Ecuador is now widely grown for its edible seeds (‘chia’). It has been recorded as a new alien species to the vascular flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Balkans. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, S. hispanica is reported from two localities near the town of Žepče in Central Bosnia in November 2019. The specimens were growing along the banks of the Bosna River in the vicinity of the village Begov Han. Brief information on the species distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina and a short morphological description is given.
Development and approbation of methodology for monitoring invasive plant species: the Case of Latvia
Authors: Evarts-Bunders Pēteris , Evarte-Bundere Gunta
Published: April 2020

Categorisation of invasive alien species based on their impact is an important way to improve the management of biological invasions. The impact of 35 alien plant species in Latvia was evaluated based on information in the literature and certain studies of their environmental and socio-economic impacts. As a result, 15 priority monitorable species, or the Black List, have been evaluated, for which seven of the nine criteria set were met. The other 20 invasive plant species make up the list of monitorable invasive plants, or the Grey List. The list and methodology developed during the study were approbated in the vegetation season of 2016 in 16 randomly selected monitoring quadrates, which were further stratified according to geobotanical regions of Latvia, which is proportionally 1,57% from all 1017 quadrates of Latvia. In total, 34 alien species were identified during approbation of methodology as showing signs of invasiveness: 10 from Black List, 10 from Gray List and 14 other invasive species, not included in the monitorable species list of developed monitoring methodology. In general, half of the species found during approbation of the methodology are trees and shrubs that were deliberately imported into Latvia in the past to be used in landscape gardening. A large proportion (41%) of the invasive species encountered come from North America. The most commonly encountered invasive species are Elodea canadensis Michx., Impatiens parviflora DC. and Solidago canadensis L. The data obtained through the field approbation show that the areas rich in invasive species are covered by forests and transit corridors, but the areas where no invasive species have been detected are transition mires and raised bogs as well as intensively managed farmland. Following the developed methodology, it was concluded that 50% of the quadrates to be monitored should be randomly selected while maintaining the principle of geobotanical regions, while the other 50% should be selected in previously known invasive plant populations.
Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma in Slovakia. Part II. Notes on distribution and ecology of Taraxacum danubium
Authors: Dudáš Matej , Šuvada Róbert , Majeský Ľuboš , Vašut Radim J.
Published: April 2020

Taraxacum danubium is xerothermic species of Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma occurring in Central Europe with the highest frequency in southeastern Czechia, northeastern Austria and southwestern Slovakia. Since its description in 1970 from Devínska Kobyla Hills in Slovakia the species was documented from numerous localities across the country, however overall study on the species distribution in Slovakia was still lacking. Thus in this paper, we present a detailed survey on its chorology in Slovakia based on our long-term field observation and data excerption from herbarium specimens with commentary on the distribution (over 60 localities in Slovakia) and biology of the species. Western Slovakia seems to be a centre of its distribution, while towards east the number of populations rapidly decreases. Karyology and ecology are discussed. The full list of locations and distribution map are presented.
Aircraft Passenger Comfort Based on Muscle Activation and Perceived Discomfort During Long Flights
Authors: Pei Huining , Yu Suihuai , Ding Man , Bai Zhonghang
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the comfort of aircraft passengers during long flights and to determine the effects of the seatback angle and the seat pitch on passengers’ upper body muscles (neck, shoulder, and lower back) and subjective comfort.METHODS:
All subjects sat on an aircraft seat for 2 h with different levels of seatback angle and seat pitch. Subjective discomfort scores and root mean square (RMS) and mean power frequency (MPF) values were used to evaluate muscle fatigue, and all data were calculated for every 15-min interval.RESULTS:
Significant increases of MPF for all three muscles were found at 30 min, along with significant increases in the perceived levels of discomfort (PLD) over 2 h. Besides, a 120° seatback angle and a 34˝ seat pitch resulted in lower PLD values for the lower back and hip areas than smaller
ones (significant difference).DISCUSSION: It took around 30 min before pronounced discomfort in the upper body regions occurred during flight. The larger parameters of seatback angle and seat pitch may significantly contribute to the easing of subjective discomfort. Moreover, a
decrease in MPF coupled with a concomitant increase in RMS does not appear to be a reliable indicator of discomfort rate. The need for further development of discomfort indicators which are more directly related to muscular activation is recognized.Pei H, Yu S, Ding M, Bai Z. Aircraft
passenger comfort based on muscle activation and perceived discomfort during long flights. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(5):416–421.
Declines in Wavelength Discrimination and Shifts in Unique Hue with Hypoxia
Authors: Bierman Andrew , LaPlumm Tim , Rea Mark S.
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxia can be a problem for warfighters, compromising visual and cognitive performance. One area of study has been hypoxia-induced decrements in color vision.METHODS: The present study examined how hypoxia affected the perception of wavelengths associated
with unique green and with unique yellow as well as discriminability by the blue vs. yellow (b-y) and the red vs. green (r-g) spectrally opponent color channels while breathing O2 levels found at sea level and at 5500 m. Measurements of wavelengths producing unique green (minimizing
response by the b-y channel) and unique yellow (minimizing response by the r-g channel) preceded measurements of wavelength discriminability near those unique hues.RESULTS: Relative to sea level, unique yellow shifted to shorter wavelengths (0.54 nm) and unique green shifted to
longer wavelengths (2.3 nm) under hypoxia. In terms of an equal psychophysical scale, both unique hues shifted by similar magnitudes. Wavelength discriminability of both color channels was compromised by statistically reliable amounts of 16–17% under hypoxia.DISCUSSION: These
results were consistent with previous studies and the inference that postreceptor, M-cone neurons were differentially compromised by hypoxia. However, these measurable changes in color vision due to hypoxia were not perceived by the subjects.Bierman A, LaPlumm T, Rea MS. Declines
in wavelength discrimination and shifts in unique hue with hypoxia. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(5):394–402.
Accident Rates, Causes, and Occupant Injury Involving High-Performance General Aviation Aircraft
Authors: Boyd Douglas D. , Howell Cass
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Spatial disorientation, poor situational awareness, and aerodynamic stalls are often causal/contributory to general aviation accidents. To mitigate against the occurrence of these mishaps Cirrus Aircraft has, since 2002, introduced advanced avionics into their piston
airplanes (Cirrus SR20/22). These airplanes are also certificated to more rigorous crashworthiness tests than legacy aircraft approved prior to these standards being codified. Herein, using for comparison two legacy aircraft fleets manufactured prior to 2002, we determined whether a reduced
mishap rate for all accidents or relating to the aforementioned causes/contributing factors and/or diminished injury severity for survivable accidents were evident for Cirrus SR20/22 airplanes.METHODS: Accidents (2008–2017) involving Cirrus SR20/22 airplanes (manufactured
2002 or later) and Beechcraft 35/36 (Bonanza) and Mooney 20 models (both manufactured no later than 2001) (14CFR Part 91 rules) were identified (N = 136, 259, 164, respectively) from the NTSB database. Statistical analyses used Poisson distribution/contingency tables/ t- and
Mann-Whitney tests.RESULTS: For each year within the 2013–2017 timespan the Cirrus SR20/22 all-accident rate was diminished 39–75% relative to both legacy fleets. Temporally, the fraction of fatal Cirrus SR20/22 accidents, initially higher, declined 50% achieving a lower,
or comparable, proportion to the two legacy airframes. Fatal accident rates involving spatial disorientation/situational awareness/aerodynamic stalls were > 80% lower for Cirrus SR20/22 airplanes. For survivable mishaps, Cirrus SR20/22 aircraft showed a lower proportion (0.13 compared with
0.20–0.35) of fatal/serious injuries.CONCLUSION: Toward improving legacy aircraft safety, owners should be encouraged to upgrade their avionics for mitigating against the occurrence of such human-factor-related mishaps and install airbags to minimize injury severity.Boyd
DD, Howell C. Accident rates, causes, and occupant injury involving high-performance general aviation aircraft. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(5):387–393.
Fatigue-Related Aviation Mishaps
Authors: Gaines Alex R. , Morris Megan B. , Gunzelmann Glenn
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION: Fatigue is a critical safety issue to U.S. Air Force (USAF) flight and ground crew. Nearly 15 yr of mishap reports were analyzed to determine how fatigue affects USAF operations with the goal of improving fatigue risk management policies and tools.METHODS:
Summary data for 19,920 aviation mishap reports dating back to 2003 were collected from the Air Force Safety Automated System (AFSAS). Fatigue-related mishaps were identified based on designations provided within AFSAS. Other metrics examined were characteristics such as timing, cost, and
aircraft metrics, among others. Contingency tables built from these metrics were used to assess fatigue-related trends across the aviation community.RESULTS: While only 3.88% of all mishaps were identified as fatigue-related, they are associated with 2.1 billion of medical expenses
and property damage, or 18% of the 11.7 billion total cost of all mishaps included in the study. Nearly a quarter of the fatigue-related mishaps fall into the most severe mishap category and more than half occurred between 0100 and 0700, local time. Fatigue-related mishaps tended to be more
common for Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) and ground operations.DISCUSSION: Fatigue is very costly to the USAF despite the relatively low incidence rate of fatigue-related mishaps. This is because larger proportions of severe mishaps were found to be fatigue-related. RPA and ground
maintenance operators might be especially susceptible to fatigue and potentially lack adequate fatigue mitigation support and training tailored to their unique operational environment, suggesting a need to improve upon fatigue mitigation tools and strategies.Gaines AR, Morris MB, Gunzelmann
G. Fatigue-related aviation mishaps. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(5):440447.
Expanding Knowledge and Exposure to Aerospace Medicine by Creating a Medical Student Curriculum
Authors: Kreykes Amy J. , Petersen Eric H. , Lowry Cheryl L.
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Aerospace Medicine is a small medical specialty. With the increasing need for aircraft pilots, continued low Earth orbit NASA operations, and the emergence of commercial spaceflight, there is a necessity for recruiting and educating the next generation of Aerospace
Medicine specialists. This study was designed to create and validate a short Aerospace Medicine curriculum.METHODS: Medical students at the University of Texas Medical Branch were recruited to attend a series of six 1-h meetings covering Aerospace Medicine career options and key
Aerospace Medicine topics. A survey addressing student demographics, interest in a career in Aerospace Medicine, and knowledge of key Aerospace Medicine topics was administered at the beginning and end of the curriculum. Interest in pursuing a career in Aerospace Medicine pre- and postcurriculum
was compared with an independent t-test. The knowledge-based portion of the survey was also evaluated using an independent t-test.RESULTS: There were 23 participants who were recruited and filled out the initial survey and 15 participants who attended the final meeting
and filled out the postcurriculum survey. Mean interest in pursuing a career in Aerospace Medicine did not change significantly (75.45% before involvement in the curriculum and 83.08% after participation). Knowledge of foundational Aerospace Medicine topics increased from 64.25% before involvement
in the curriculum to 73.33% at the end of the study. There was an average of 12 participants at each meeting.DISCUSSION: This demonstrates the utility of this curriculum as an educational tool for medical students. Future efforts will focus on dissemination of the curriculum nationally
and internationally.Kreykes AJ, Petersen EH, Lowry CL. Expanding knowledge and exposure to aerospace medicine by creating a medical student curriculum. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(5):448–452.
Systemic Corticosteroids for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in the Flyer
Authors: Tanael Michael
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION: The use of systemic corticosteroids for upper respiratory tract infections has become increasingly common, but remains controversial. Given their purported ability to decrease duration of illness and hasten recovery, systemic corticosteroids offer an attractive
treatment modality for flight surgeons desiring to minimize DNIF (Duty Not Including Flying) time. This commentary presents an evidence-based approach to the use of systemic corticosteroids for upper respiratory tract infections in flyers, concluding that the current body of evidence and missional
concerns justify their routine use in sore throat and acute rhinosinusitis.Tanael M. Systemic corticosteroids for upper respiratory tract infections in the flyer. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(5):453–454.
Hand-Held and Wrist-Worn Field-Based PVT Devices vs. the Standardized Laptop PVT
Authors: Matsangas Panagiotis , Shattuck Nita Lewis
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Given the challenges of collecting reliable Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) data in the field, this study compared a 3-min PVT on a hand-held device and wrist-worn device vs. a standardized laptop.METHODS: The experiment utilized a randomized, repeated-measures
design. Subjects (N = 36) performed the PVT on a touch-screen, hand-held device (HHD), a wrist-worn device (WWD), and a standardized laptop (L). Sleep was assessed using wrist-worn actigraphy.RESULTS: Compared to the L, the HHD was slower on average (∼50% longer reaction
times; ∼34% slower response speeds; ∼600% more lapses in attention combined with false starts) and introduced a proportional bias that decreased the range of response speeds by 60%. Compared to the L, the WWD with the backlight on was faster on average (reaction time: ∼6%; response
speed: ∼13%), but equivalent in lapses combined with false starts, and introduced a proportional bias that increased the range of responses by 60%.DISCUSSION: Compared to the L PVT, using a hand-held, touch screen interface to collect PVT data may introduce a large constant
bias and a proportional bias that decreases the range of response speed. However, performance on the WWD closely mirrors performance on the L PVT and the proportional bias tends to be in favor of detecting individuals with slower responses. Researchers should avoid comparing PVT metrics between
different device types. Reliability of PVT data from a WWD or HHD may be degraded when used in an operational setting with unpredictable environmental movement (such as a surface maritime setting).Matsangas P, Shattuck NL. Hand-held and wrist-worn field-based PVT devices vs. the
standardized laptop PVT. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(5):409–415.
Hybridising Knowledge: Some Considerations on the Epistemology of Contamination in the Works of Deleuze and Serres and Its Reception in Bio Art
Authors: García Amanda Núñez
Published: April 2020

In this article I investigate the necessarily interdisciplinary nature of our contemporaneity, from the perspective of works by Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Bruno Latour and Michel Serres. While we often find that academia, society and governments push us towards interdisciplinarity, it is also true that those same institutions and powers (and therefore the epistemological systems on which they are based), distance us from that purpose. Opposing this aporetic situation we come up against the Deleuzian concept of ‘contamination’, or the well-known ‘science of Venus’ concept of Michel Serres. In doing so, we attempt ‘to put the tracing back on the map’, as Deleuze and Guattari suggest, and try to see the epistemological becomings that we find in contemporary culture. The main indicators which we use to study these contaminations and hybridisations are cinema and Bio Art. In both cases we observe that the real creative production is closer to ‘contamination’ than to the ‘purification’ and deletion of metabolic and hybrid processes criticised by Bruno Latour.
Publishing and Innovation: Disruption in the Chinese E-book Industry
Authors: Ren Xiang
Published: April 2020

Is digital publishing leading to a paradigm shift or only replicating the print publishing systems in digital garb? This appears to be a key concern of the Chinese publishing industry in the internet age. While digital publishing has tremendous disruptive potential, there is still uncertainty about the transformation and evolution of publishing in China, as it is deeply influenced by the special Chinese contexts. Just some of the characteristics include strong government control, the monopoly of state-owned publishers, the prevalence of print reading habits, and a traditional book culture as opposed to the open, connected, and distributed internet culture. In this chapter, I will review disruptive innovation in the e-book industry and the cultural impact of the e-book in both the production and consumption sides of publishing in China. I will explore the complex interplay between disruptive innovation and contextual factors through examining three case studies in the e-book field: Qidian (Qidian Zhongwen wang 起点中文网), the literary self-publishing site; China Mobile Reading Base (Zhongguo yidong yuedu jidi 中国移动阅读基地), the e-book distributor for mobile phone reading; and Duokan (Duokan yuedu 多看阅读), an e-book start-up powered by user-oriented and user-driven innovation.
Battery-Aware Electric Truck Delivery Route Exploration
Authors: Baek Donkyu , Chen Yukai , Chang Naehyuck , Macii Enrico , Poncino Massimo
Published: April 2020

The energy-optimal routing of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in the context of parcel delivery is more complicated than for conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles, in which the total travel distance is the most critical metric. The total energy consumption of EV delivery strongly depends on the order of delivery because of transported parcel weight changing over time, which directly affects the battery efficiency. Therefore, it is not suitable to find an optimal routing solution with traditional routing algorithms such as the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), which use a static quantity (e.g., distance) as a metric. In this paper, we explore appropriate metrics considering the varying transported parcel total weight and achieve a solution for the least-energy delivery problem using EVs. We implement an electric truck simulator based on EV powertrain model and nonlinear battery model. We evaluate different metrics to assess their quality on small size instances for which the optimal solution can be computed exhaustively. A greedy algorithm using the empirically best metric (namely, distance × residual weight) provides significant reductions (up to 33%) with respect to a common-sense heaviest first package delivery route determined using a metric suggested by the battery properties. This algorithm also outperforms the state-of-the-art TSP heuristic algorithms, which consumes up to 12.46% more energy and 8.6 times more runtime. We also estimate how the proposed algorithms work well on real roads interconnecting cities located at different altitudes as a case study.
Impedance-Based Stability Analysis of Paralleled Grid-Connected Rectifiers: Experimental Case Study in a Data Center
Authors: Alenius Henrik , Roinila Tomi
Published: April 2020

Grid-connected systems often consist of several feedback-controlled power-electronics converters that are connected in parallel. Consequently, a number of stability issues arise due to interactions among multiple converter subsystems. Recent studies have presented impedance-based methods to assess the stability of such large systems. However, only few real-life experiences have been previously presented, and practical implementations of impedance-based analysis are rare for large-scale systems that consist of multiple parallel-connected devices. This work presents a case study in which an unstable high-frequency operation, caused by multiple paralleled grid-connected rectifiers, of a 250 kW data center in southern Finland is reported and studied. In addition, the work presents an experimental approach for characterizing and assessing the system stability by using impedance measurements and an aggregated impedance-based analysis. Recently proposed wideband-identification techniques based on binary injection and Fourier methods are applied to obtain the experimental impedance measurements from the input terminals of a single data center rectifier unit. This work provides a practical approach to design and implement the impedance-based stability analysis for a system consisting of multiple paralleled grid-connected converters. It is shown that the applied methods effectively predict the overall system stability and the resonant modes of the system, even with very limited information on the system. The applied methods are versatile, and can be utilized in various grid-connected applications, for example, in adaptive control, system monitoring, and stability analysis.
Development and Verification of Hybrid Power Controller Using Indoor HIL Test for the Solar UAV
Authors: Jung Sunghun
Published: April 2020

A hybrid power system (HPS) is developed for the photovoltaic (PV) powered and tethered multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based on the robot operating system (ROS) and verified using an indoor hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test. All the processes, including a UAV flight mode change (i.e., takeoff, hovering, and landing) and power flow control (consisting of PV modules, a LiPo battery pack, and a UAV) are completely automated using a combination of Pixhawk 2.1 and the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B (RPi 3B). Once the indoor HIL test starts, (1) the UAV takes off and hovers with a preassigned 10 m altitude at a fixed point and keeps hovering until the voltage drops below 13.4 V ; (2) the UAV lands when the voltage drops below 13.4 V, and the hybrid power controller (HPC) starts to charge the LiPo battery pack using the energy from PV modules; and (3) the UAV takes off when the voltage of the battery pack becomes more than 16.8 V, and the procedure repeats from (1). A PV-powered and tethered multirotor UAV using the proposed HPS can fly more safely for a longer time, particularly in an urban area, and so it is competitive to the traditional multirotor type UAV in the sense of both the flight time and the surveillance mission performance.
Study of PTC System with Rectangular Cavity Receiver with Different Receiver Tube Shapes Using Oil, Water and Air
Authors: Rafiei Alireza , Loni Reyhaneh , Najafi Gholamhassan , Yusaf Talal
Published: April 2020

Today, application of cavity receivers in solar concentrator systems is suggested as an interesting and novelty research subject for increasing thermal performance. In this research, a parabolic trough concentrator (PTC) with a rectangular cavity receiver was energetically investigated. The cavity receiver was studied with smooth and corrugated tubes. Different solar heat transfer fluids were considered, including water, air, and thermal oil. The effect of different operational parameters, as well as structural parameters, was investigated. The results showed that the linear rectangular cavity receiver with corrugated tube showed higher amounts of the absorbed heat and energy performance compared to the smooth tube as the cavity tube. Thermal performance of the rectangular cavity was improved using the application of water as the solar heat transfer fluid, which was followed by thermal oil and, finally, air, as the solar heat transfer fluid. Finally, it could be recommended that the rectangular cavity receiver with smooth tube using air as the solar heat transfer fluid is more appropriate for coupling this system with a Bryton cycle, whereas the rectangular cavity receiver with the corrugated tube using water or oil as the solar heat transfer fluid is recommended for achieving higher outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid.
A New Analytical Model for Calculating Transient Temperature Response of Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers with a Single U-Shaped Tube
Authors: Gao Shichen , Tang Changfu , Luo Wanjing , Han Jiaqiang , Teng Bailu
Published: April 2020

The transient temperature response is of great importance for evaluating the thermal capacity of ground heat exchangers (GHE). Based on the composition line source theory and superposition principle, we have developed a novel analytical model in Laplace space for calculating the temperature transient response. In comparison to the existing models, this proposed model can account for the fluid thermal storage effect and heat rate difference between the two legs of the single U-tube. With the aid of this proposed model, we conduct a thorough sensitivity analysis to investigate the effects of different influencing factors on the thermal transient response. The calculated results show that fluid thermal storage and the rate difference can significantly influence the thermal response during the early studied period. Therefore, the effect of fluid thermal storage should not be neglected when the early-time thermal response is investigated. The thermal interference between the two legs will reduce the heat capacity of GHEs. A large distance between these two legs can be favorable for practical use.