bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Handling Practices of Fresh Vegetable Salads in Restaurants and Street Vendors: A Case of Mwanza City, Tanzania
Authors: Magambo Juma M. J. , Kussaga Jamal B. , Majaliwa Nuria
Published: December 2023

Food safety is crucial for promoting public health and economic development. Food service establishments (FSE) provide a wide range of foods, including raw, mild and well-heat treated. Raw or mild-heat treated foods like fresh vegetable salads, Kachumbari, are potentially risky if not well handled. The objective of this study was to assess handling practices of operators involved in the preparation and serving of Kachumbari in various FSE in Mwanza City, Tanzania. A cross sectional study involving thirty food handlers from 10 restaurants and 20 street food vending sites was conducted in April 2023. A semi-structured questionnaire and observation checklist were used to collect data. Results indicated that 93.3% lacked formal food handling training, and 66.7% did not prioritize clean-as-you-go practices for food safety. Moreover, 53.3% felt that wearing clean clothes when handling food was not important, and only 26.6% underwent annual medical checkups. Moreover, the majority of the handlers (66.7%) demonstrated a poor understanding of food safety principles and procedures. Based on these findings, we recommend regular trainings on best handling practices among food handlers, coupled with inspections and supervision by relevant government authorities, to ensure that food prepared in FSE in Mwanza City and Tanzania as a whole is safe for human consumption.
Harnessing the Potentialities of Arsenic Resistant Fungal Endophytes for Improved Growth Promoting Traits under in vitro Condition
Authors: Abhinandana, K. R.  , Suvarna, V. C.  , Vendan K. Tamil , Karuna, K.  , Mohan Raju, B.  , Naik L. Krishna
Published: December 2023

Endophytic fungi enhance the plant’s ability to tolerate stressful conditions including heavy metal stress via secretion of numerous secondary metabolites. However, the role of heavy metal resistant fungal endophytes in growth promotion of plants in extreme environments is need to be understood. Therefore, eight endophytic fungal isolates having arsenic tolerance potential up to 2000 ppm explored from the arsenic stressed plants were subjected to various in vitro growth promoting traits viz., phytohormones production, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, ammonia production, HCN production and ACC deaminase activity under normal and arsenic stress (100 ppm) condition. Indole acetic acid produced by fungal endophytes ranged between 120-610 μg/ mL, which was reduced to 50-340 μg/ mL when they were grown on arsenic induced medium. In the siderophore production test, fungal isolate S3P1S1 produced significantly higher siderophore (96 ± 0.002 μmol) compared to other isolates and reference culture.  In addition, HCN production was observed in only one isolate. Therefore, present study clearly identified specific traits in the fungal endophytes, which make them good candidates as PGPR and might contribute to plant adaption to arsenic contaminated soils. These fungal endophytes, possessing metal tolerance as well growth promoting properties under in vitro conditions could have vital implications for the agricultural sector if used as biofertilizer.
Efficacy of Foliar Feeding of Ca, Zn and Cu with and without Borax on Fruit Drop and Bio-Chemical Attributes of Winter Season Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. L-49
Authors: Pratap Ravi , Gautam R. K. S. , Chouhan Nitin Kumar , Yadav Swatantra , Tyagi Ankur , Kumar Arvind
Published: December 2023

The present investigation entitled “Efficacy of foliar feeding of Ca, Zn and Cu with and without Borax on Fruit drop and Bio-Chemical attributes of winter season guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. L-49” was conducted at guava orchard of Kalyanpur nursery, Department of Fruit Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur 208002 during 2019-2020. 39 guava trees with even size and vigour were selected and were sprayed with various concentrations of different nutrients (Ca(NO3)2 @ 0.50% and 1%), (ZnSO4 @ 0.50% and 1.0%) and (CuSO4 @ 0.60% and 0.80%) with and without Borax (1%). Thirteen treatments were replicated three times as part of the RBD (Randomised Block Design) investigation. Fruits were examined in the laboratory of the Department of Fruit Science, C.S.A.U.A&T., Kanpur, for their physical and biochemical characteristics. The results of the present study revealed that fruit drop (33.94%) and bio-chemical attributes that is, Total soluble solids (13.54 0Brix), Acidity (0.46 %) and Ascorbic acid (194.30 mg/100g pulp) were improved significantly with the use of ZnSO­­­­4 1.0% + Borax 1.0% (T10).
Influence of Combined Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield Attributes and Grain Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Singh Vishram , Singh Gaurav Kumar , Singh Vishal , Prakash Ram , Kanaujiya Pradeep Kumar
Published: December 2023

The experiment was conducted at SIF of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur during Rabi season of 2017-18. It was experiment consisted eight treatments of different nutritional doses of micro nutrient, organic manure, and micro-organisms, along with major nutrient with the objective to find out the effect of vermicompost, FYM, Azotobacter, PSB with chemical fertilizer on growth, treatment combination for wheat and assess the economics of the treatments. Due to balance nutrition in wheat variety Shekhar (K-1006). The experiment was organized under RBD with three replications. It was the soil of the field Analyzed medium fertility status concerning available NPK, S and Zn status of micronutrients. The treatment T5 (RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1) found superior in terms of maximum root and shoot growth, yield attributes and yield the maximum grain yield (58.75 q/ha.), under recorded in T5 (RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1) treatment compared to control treatment.
A Review on Exploring Carbon Farming as a Strategy to Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Saikanth D. R. K. , Kishore Ankireddypalli Jaya , Sadineni Tejaswini , Singh Veerendra , Upadhyay Lalit , Kumar Saurabh , Panigrahi Chandan Kumar
Published: December 2023

Carbon farming, an innovative agricultural approach aimed at mitigating climate change by sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in soil and biomass, is gaining attention worldwide. This review article provides a comprehensive examination of carbon farming practices, their environmental and socio-economic impacts, challenges, and future potential, with a focus on emerging trends and applications in India. Key carbon farming techniques such as agroforestry, cover cropping, reduced tillage, and biochar application are explored, highlighting their effectiveness in enhancing soil carbon content and overall farm ecosystem health. The review delves into the underlying mechanisms of carbon sequestration, including biological processes like photosynthesis and soil organic matter stabilization. The environmental benefits of carbon farming are substantial, notably in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving soil health and biodiversity. The article also explores the significant economic and social benefits, particularly in the context of rural Indian communities, where carbon farming has the potential to enhance sustainable agriculture, increase farmer income through carbon credits, and improve food security. The review identifies several challenges hindering the widespread adoption of carbon farming, including cost factors, resource requirements, and variability in effectiveness due to diverse climatic and soil conditions. Policy and regulatory hurdles, especially in the fragmented landscape of Indian agriculture, are discussed, emphasizing the need for supportive frameworks to promote carbon farming practices. The review paper highlights innovative technological advancements and research frontiers in India, such as satellite monitoring and AI-based soil analysis, and the potential for integrating carbon farming with other sustainable agricultural practices. Looking ahead, the review underscores the critical role of carbon farming in India's future climate strategies, with predictive models suggesting its significant contribution to national carbon reduction targets. The global scalability and impact of Indian carbon farming models are also considered, suggesting their adaptability in similar agro-climatic regions, thereby contributing to global climate mitigation efforts. This review provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners in the field of sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation, advocating for increased adoption and support of carbon farming practices.
Screening Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum Sendt.) Genotypes for Bacterial Wilt Resistance, Yield Parameters and Morphological Traits under Mid-hill Conditions of North-Western Himalayas
Authors: Anuradha  , Sood Sonia , Sood Tamanna , Kapoor Shorya , Rana Amit , Devi Rajni , Katoch Ajeta , Kumar Abhishek
Published: December 2023

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a major soil borne disease of bell pepper in hot and humid growing areas around the world. The existing varieties of bell pepper are highly susceptible and not even a single commercial variety resistant to this disease has been developed yet and commercially available. The chemical control measures and manipulation of agronomical practices have been applied, but these are found ineffective against this disease, hence growing of resistant cultivars is the only way to overcome the yield losses. Along with resistance, varieties with early yielding ability and superior morphological characters fetch high prices in the market. Thus, an attempt was made to screen 43 bell pepper genotypes, including four checks, during the summer-rainy seasons of 2018 and 2019 using a Randomized Complete Block Design. The genotypes DPCBWR-14-39, DPCBWR-14-36, DPCBWR-14-2, DPCBWR-14-35 and DPCBWR-14-29 were identified as top yielders and exhibited a high level of resistance to bacterial wilt based on their mean values. Among these, DPCBWR-14-39 and DPCBWR-14-29 genotypes were earliest in flowering and picking. Besides, most of the resistant and top yielder genotypes were also green in fruit colour, pendent in fruit position, blocky in fruit shape, cordate at pedicel and sunken at blossom end. Therefore, from this study, it has been summarized that these genotypes could be utilized in hybridization programmes or could be directly released as a variety after preliminary and multi-location yield trials for commercial release.
Kinetic Properties of Pseudomonas sp. Producing Lipase
Authors: Martin B. Nworie, , Okpanachi N. Oyibo, , Amara N. Olokor, , Chimuanya Mere, S. , Lubem M. Ayantse, , Chigozie Odo Paul , Emeka H. Oparaji,
Published: December 2023

Pseudomonas sp was isolated from petroleum spilled soil using culture dependent techniques. The organism was confirmed Pseudmonas aeruginosa using molecular typing (PCR and sequencing). Lipase producing capability of the organisms was screened in an optimized culture broth in the presence of p-NPP. Yellow coloration of the broth confirms the exo-lipase secretory of the bacteria. Lipase production peaked on day 5 of the fermentation; pH 7 was best for the lipase production. 60% ammonium sulphate was used in precipitation of proteins with peak lipase activity. Protein was dialyzed against gradient (0.01/0.1M) for 12 hrs for salt removal. Native sephadex G100 was used in separation of the dialysate into sizes and weight; fraction tubes of 16-25 were recorded as the elution volume of the chromatogram (VE). pH 4.5 and 60°C were characteristics of the purified protein where as Michaelis-Menten and velocity maximal (Km and Vmax) were 3.45mg/ml and 275 µmole/min.  Pseudmonas aeruginosa seen from the study as a competitive bacteria for prolific lipase production to meet with the current biotechnological demand of the next generational enzyme.
Digital Payments Adoption in Emerging Markets: The Context of China’s Digital Currency Electronic Payment
Authors: Ma Cheng , Song Ziyue
Published: December 2023

There are still significant gaps in our knowledge of the factors that influence the acceptance and use of digital wallets as well as their transformative effects on payment behaviours in China, even though digital wallets are anticipated to grow in line with the global trend towards cashless payment solutions and despite the quick development of mobile payment platforms. With the aim of providing relevant advice to stakeholders and contributing to the continuing conversation on technology adoption, payment behaviour, and socioeconomic dynamics in China, this research investigates trends in the acceptance and use of digital wallets in the Chinese area.

Additionally, it intends to provide insightful information on the function of digital wallets inside the mobile payment system and their influence on China's socioeconomic environment. The research model was experimentally briefed using a questionnaire survey of 405 digital wallet-based users in China. Hedonic motivation and perceived risk, both of which were found to have an influence on the usage of digital wallets, were included to the study in this work. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) paradigm served as a guide for the study, which was based on existing academic research. The main contributions of this research are to highlight the critical roles that perceived delight and perceived risk play in the adoption of digital wallet technology and to investigate how Chinese individuals perceive the use of digital wallets. The study surfaced the following influences performance expectation (H1), effort expectation (H2), social influence (H3), social impact (H4), facilitation conditions (H5), behavioural intention (H6), and perceived risk (H7).social influence (H3), social impact (H4), facilitation conditions (H5), behavioural intention (H6), hedonic motivation (H7), and perceived risk (H8 ). All have an impact on the use of digital wallets.
Controlling Workplace Deviant Behavior through the Role of Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction as Mediation in Islamic Colleges Purwokerto City
Authors: Salsabil A. S. , Bagis F. , Darmawan A. , Rahmawati I. Y.
Published: December 2023

Aims: The aim of this study is to controlling workplace deviant behavior in employees at the Islamic Colleges, by lingking the variables of organizational justice and job satisfaction.

Study Design: The use of methods using descriptive quantitative. Sample acquisition using quota sampling technique and then tested using the Smart PLS Application.

Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted on employees at Islamic Colleges totaling 216 respondents and a population of 547 administrative employees for more than 1 month, starting from October 18, 2023.

Methodology: The demographic conditions of all respondents resulted in a sample of 216 respondents, including 116 men, and 100 women, with a dominant age of 20 - < 30 years, the dominant education is S1, the dominant length of work is around 1 - 3 years with the majority of employee status is permanent employees.

Results: Organizational Justice has a negative and insignificant effect on Workplace Deviant Behavior (Not Accepted), with an original sample of -0.132 and a p value of (0.338 > 0.05). Job Satisfaction has a negative and insignificant effect on Workplace Deviant Behavior (Not Accepted), with an original sample of -0.125 and a p value of (0.302> 0.05). Organizational Justice has a significant positive effect on Job Satisfaction (Accepted), with an original sample of 0.449 and a p value of (0.000 <0.05). Job Satisfaction cannot mediate the relationship between Organizational Justice and Deviant Behavior in the Workplace (Not Accepted), with an original sample of -0.056 and a p value of (0.316 > 0.05) which means it is not significant.

Conclusion: This finding indicates the presence of deviant behavior in the workplace. Although leaders treat employees according to moral and ethical standards so that employees are satisfied with their jobs, it may reduce workplace deviant behavior but not significantly.
Analyzing Grocery Items Inventory and Managing Stock
Authors: N. Baggyalakshmi , S.K. Anushree , R. Revathi
Published: December 2023

Analyzing Grocery items inventory and managing stock is a software application designed to help grocery stores manage their sales processes and inventory. The system typically includes features such as inventory management, point of sale (POS) functionality, and reporting. With a Grocery Items, grocery stores can keep track of their inventory levels, manage their sales transactions, and generate reports on sales and inventory data. This can help grocery stores improve their operations, reduce waste, and provide better customer service. The system works by integrating with the store's POS system, allowing sales data to be automatically recorded and tracked. The system can also be used to manage inventory levels, track product expiration dates, and generate reports on sales and inventory data. Overall, a Grocery items inventory and managing stock can be a valuable tool for grocery stores looking to optimize their operations and improve their bottom line. The goal of the database design for the grocery management system is to facilitate the automated processing of products purchased, billing, and purchases made, as well as to maintain and safeguard sales records. Both the owner and the employee find it easier to control and manage the company's transactions with its support. You won't have to spend as much time manually entering every detail of the customer's and company's transaction. All of the company's data and information is processed and stored by my system. Java and its link to PHP/My Admin are the building blocks of this system. Everything from customers and employees to products and sales figures as well as payment details will be saved in the system's database. The user can keep track of the sale or item that the customer is reserving with my basic silver cross grocery management system. Only authorised users with the staff administrator role can access the Cashier system.
The journey towards clinical adoption of MALDI‐MS‐based imaging proteomics: from current challenges to future expectations
Authors: Piga Isabella , Magni Fulvio , Smith Andrew
Published: December 2023

Among the spatial omics techniques available, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) represents one of the most promising owing to its capability to map the distribution of hundreds of peptides and proteins, as well as other classes of biomolecules, within a complex sample background in a multiplexed and relatively high‐throughput manner. In particular, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI‐MSI) has come to the fore and established itself as the most widely used technique in clinical research. However, the march of this technique towards clinical utility has been hindered by issues related to method reproducibility, appropriate biocomputational tools, and data storage. Notwithstanding these challenges, significant progress has been achieved in recent years regarding multiple facets of the technology and has rendered it more suitable for a possible clinical role. As such, there is now more robust and extensive evidence to suggest that the technology has the potential to support clinical decision‐making processes under appropriate circumstances. In this review, we will discuss some of the recent developments that have facilitated this progress and outline some of the more promising clinical proteomics applications which have been developed with a clear goal towards implementation in mind.
NCI677397 targeting USP24‐mediated induction of lipid peroxidation induces ferroptosis in drug‐resistant cancer cells
Authors: Wang Shao‐An , Wu Yu‐Chih , Yang Feng‐Ming , Hsu Feng‐Lin , Zhang Kuan , Hung Jan‐Jong
Published: December 2023

Cancer represents a profound challenge to healthcare systems and individuals worldwide. The development of multiple drug resistance is a major problem in cancer therapy and can result in progression of the disease. In our previous studies, we developed small‐molecule inhibitors targeting ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 24 (USP24) to combat drug‐resistant lung cancer. Recently, we found that the USP24 inhibitor NCI677397 induced ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, in drug‐resistant cancer cells by increasing lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms and found that the targeting of USP24 by NCI677397 increased gene expression of most lipogenesis‐related genes, such as acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 (ACSL4), and activated autophagy. In addition, the activity of several antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), was inhibited by NCI677397 treatment via an increase in protein degradation, thereby inducing lipid ROS production and lipid peroxidation. In summary, we demonstrated that NCI677397 induced a marked increase in lipid ROS levels, subsequently causing lipid peroxidation and leading to the ferroptotic death of drug‐resistant cancer cells. Our study provides new insights into the clinical use of USP24 inhibitors as ferroptosis inducers (FINs) to block drug resistance during chemotherapy.
Strategies to decrease inequalities in cancer therapeutics, care and prevention
Authors: Ringborg Ulrik , von Braun Joachim , Celis Julio , Baumann Michael , Berns Anton , Eggermont Alexander , Heard Edith , Heitor Manuel , Chandy Mammen , Chen Chien‐Jen , Costa Alberto , De Lorenzo Francesco , De Robertis Edward M. , Dubee Frederick Charles , Ernberg Ingemar , Gabriel Mariya , Helland Åslaug , Henrique Rui , Jönsson Bengt , Kallioniemi Olli , Korbel Jan , Krause Mechthild , Lowy Douglas R. , Michielin Olivier , Nagy Peter , Oberst Simon , Paglia Vincenzo , Parker M. Iqbal , Ryan Kevin , Sawyers Charles L. , Schüz Joachim , Silkaitis Katherine , Solary Eric , Thomas David , Turkson Peter , Weiderpass Elisabete , Yang Huanming
Published: December 2023

Analyses of inequalities related to prevention and cancer therapeutics/care show disparities between countries with different economic standing, and within countries with high Gross Domestic Product. The development of basic technological and biological research provides clinical and prevention opportunities that make their implementation into healthcare systems more complex, mainly due to the growth of Personalized/Precision Cancer Medicine (PCM). Initiatives like the USA‐Cancer Moonshot and the EU‐Mission on Cancer and Europe's Beating Cancer Plan are initiated to boost cancer prevention and therapeutics/care innovation and to mitigate present inequalities. The conference organized by the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in collaboration with the European Academy of Cancer Sciences discussed the inequality problem, dependent on the economic status of a country, the increasing demands for infrastructure supportive of innovative research and its implementation in healthcare and prevention programs. Establishing translational research defined as a coherent cancer research continuum is still a challenge. Research has to cover the entire continuum from basic to outcomes research for clinical and prevention modalities. Comprehensive Cancer Centres (CCCs) are of critical importance for integrating research innovations to preclinical and clinical research, as for ensuring state‐of‐the‐art patient care within healthcare systems. International collaborative networks between CCCs are necessary to reach the critical mass of infrastructures and patients for PCM research, and for introducing prevention modalities and new treatments effectively. Outcomes and health economics research are required to assess the cost‐effectiveness of new interventions, currently a missing element in the research portfolio. Data sharing and critical mass are essential for innovative research to develop PCM. Despite advances in cancer research, cancer incidence and prevalence is growing. Making cancer research infrastructures accessible for all patients, considering the increasing inequalities, requires science policy actions incentivizing research aimed at prevention and cancer therapeutics/care with an increased focus on patients' needs and cost‐effective healthcare.
Mitigating Electronic Conduction in Ceria‐Based Electrolytes via External Structure Design
Authors: Robinson Ian A. , Huang Yi‐Lin , Horlick Samuel A. , Obenland Jonathan , Robinson Nicholas , Gritton J. Evans , Hussain A. Mohammed , Wachsman Eric D.
Published: December 2023

Doped ceria electrolytes are the state of the art low‐temperature solid oxide electrolytes because of their high ionic conductivity and good material compatibility. However, cerium tends to reduce once exposed to reducing environments, leading to an increase in electronic conduction and a decrease in efficiency. Here, the leakage current is mitigated in ceria‐based electrolytes by controlling the defect chemistry through an engineered cathode side microstructure. This functional layer effectively addresses the problematic electronic conduction issue in ceria‐based electrolytes without adding significant ohmic resistance and increases the ionic transference number to over 0.93 in a thin 20 µm ceria‐based electrolyte at 500 °C, compared to a of 0.8 for an unmodified one. Based on this design, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are further demonstrated with the remarkable peak power density of 550 mW at 500 °C and excellent stability for over 2000 h. This approach enables a potential breakthrough in the development of ceria‐based low‐temperature solid oxide electrolytes.
Injectable Dynamic Hydrogel with Responsive Mechanical Reinforcing Ability Reverses Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Suppressing Ferroptosis and Restoring Matrix Homeostasis
Authors: Wang Yanqiu , Tan Lu , Zhang Wanqian , Yang Yi , Li Changqing , Li Hongli , Cai Kaiyong , Hu Yan , Luo Zhong , Liu Minghan
Published: December 2023

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) remains an essential challenge in the clinics due to the ferroptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and the imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism. Here, a dynamic hydrogel (HPGO) based on oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for the integration of oridonin (Ori)‐loaded NPC membrane‐based nanovesicles is proposed, which is further grafted with growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) on the OHA chain via Schiff base ligation. The precursors can rapidly form mechanically resilience hydrogels after injection into nucleus pulposus (NP) through the formation of various dynamic bonds. Meanwhile, the acidic pH in the degenerated NP can trigger the responsive release of GDF5, which may cooperate with Ori to alleviate inflammation in the microenvironment for restoring the metabolic homeostasis of ECM. In addition, the Schiff base moieties in HPGO hydrogel can scavenge free ferrous ions in the microenvironment to strengthen the dynamic bonds for self‐regulated reinforcement, thus providing mechanical support for the degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs). Furthermore, HPGO hydrogel can enhance ferroptosis resistance of NPCs by activating the nuclear factor erythoid 2‐related factor 2 signaling pathway. Overall, HPGO hydrogel can mechanically support the damaged IVDs as well as reversing their degenerative status through cooperative ferroptosis inhibition, which provides an approach for the clinical treatment of IDD.
Uncharacteristic Adsorption Breakthrough Behavior of a Core–Shell Copper Hydroxysulfate Metal–Organic Framework Against Gaseous Formaldehyde
Authors: Yen Tran Thi , Vikrant Kumar , Szulejko Jan E. , Kim Ki‐Hyun
Published: December 2023

Core–Shell structured microspheres with a packed nano‐platelet copper hydroxysulfate (CHS) core and an octahedral crystalized metal–organic framework‐199 (CHS@M199) shell are synthesized and tested as adsorbent for gaseous formaldehyde (FA). CHS@M199 outperforms reference materials (e.g., activated carbon (AC), CHS, and M199) with adsorption capacity (Q) of 8.13 mg g−1 and partition coefficient (PC) of 0.263 mol kg−1 Pa−1 against 10 Pa FA at 10% breakthrough (BT) level with the aid of large surface area and copper sites for coordinating with carbonyl group. Contrary to general expectations, CHS@M199 exhibits a unique adsorption behavior in that BT volume increases systematically with the rise in FA inlet partial pressure (e.g., 5–10 Pa). The 10% BT capacity of CHS@M199 decreases noticeably (8.13 to 2.08 mg g−1) with increasing relative humidity (0.016 to 10%), reflecting water‐FA competition for hydrophilic adsorption sites. Although FA adsorption on CHS@M199 diminishes with elevated RH levels, such reduction intensifies when simulating ambient conditions (through stepwise addition of competing components: O2, CO2, and H2O). The FA adsorption on CHS@M199 is well described by both pseudo‐first‐order (PFO) and pseudo‐second‐order (PSO) kinetics. Polymerization may play a pivotal role in the adsorption of FA on CHS@M199, as Qi‐LeVan isotherm best fits the experimental data.
Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of Manganese Oxide via p−d Hybridization with Aluminum Group Element Dopants
Authors: Qin Guoqing , Hao Yixin , Ma Haoliang , Tian Mengmeng , Yu Xiaofei , Li Lanlan , Zhang Xinghua , Lu Zunming , Ren Jianwei , Hu Feng , Yang Xiaojing , Peng Shengjie
Published: December 2023

Doping engineering is an effective strategy to improve the electrocatalytic activity of manganese oxides by enhancing their poor electrical conductivity and oxygen adsorption capacity. Herein, p‐block aluminum group metal ions (Al3+, Ga3+, and In3+) are introduced into cryptomelane‐type manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves (OMS‐2), leading to p−d orbital hybridization between the p‐orbitals of the aluminum group metals and d‐orbitals of Mn, facilitating the oxygen reduction reaction. The aluminum group metal‐doped OMS‐2 exhibits excellent catalytic activity, rapid reaction kinetics, and favorable stability compared to commercial Pt/C. Among the three prepared catalysts, Ga‐doped OMS‐2 (Ga‐OMS‐2) has stronger oxygen reduction activity. Experimental and theoretical calculations show that the superiority of Ga‐OMS‐2 is attributed to p−d hybridization, which enriches the reaction sites and enhances the binding strength of the catalyst to the O2 reaction intermediates. As a proof of concept, Zinc−air batteries assembled with Ga‐OMS‐2 as a catalyst exhibit superior power density and cycle life to commercial Pt/C. This p−d hybridization strategy gives insight into the p‐block metal doping of catalysts prepared with other transition metals with excellent electrocatalytic activity and durability for energy storage and conversion.
Designing of Hexagonal Nanosheets with Edge‐Sharing [IrO6] Octahedral Crystals for Efficient and Stable Acidic Water Splitting
Authors: Zhu Lin , Ma Chenglong , Li Danni , Shao Xiang , Cao Limei , Yang Ji
Published: December 2023

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical factor for advancing the industrial application of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers. However, the low mass activity of iridium‐based catalysts has become a critical obstacle in improving the efficiency of the OER. To address this problem, a hexagonal system nanosheet structure with lattice distortion and edge‐connected [IrO6] octahedron is designed to enhance both mass activity and durability. This material exhibits a high mass activity of 217 mA mgIr−1 at 1.55 V relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which is 13 times greater than that of Rutile IrO2. Furthermore, the voltage of T‐CsIr exhibits no significant increase after 400 h of continuous operation at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Integrating X‐ray experimental analysis with theoretical calculations reveals that the shortening of the Ir─Ir bond and the reduction of Ir3+ proportion effectively modulate the adsorption energy of the rate‐determining step, thereby significantly promoting the kinetics of the OOH* deprotonation process. These results demonstrate that regulation of lattice distortion is a feasible approach to effectively improve the OER catalytic performance.
Subnanometer Nanowire‐Reinforced Construction of COF‐Based Membranes with Engineering Biomimetic Texture for Efficient and Stable Proton Conduction
Authors: Zhu Liyu , Zhang Limei , Ren Yuting , Lei Jiandu , Wang Luying , Liu Jing
Published: December 2023

Achieving rapid ion transport through nanochannels is essential for both biological and artificial membrane systems. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with well‐defined nanostructures hold great promise for addressing the above challenge. However, due to the limited processability and inadequate interlamellar interaction of COF materials, it is extremely difficult to integrate them to prepare high‐performance proton conductors. Herein, inspired by the ingenious bio‐adhesion strategy in nature, ultrafast proton conduction is achieved by taking advantage of COF membranes where TP‐COF nanosheets are linked by subnanometer nanowires/lignocellulosic nanofibrils composites (SNWs/LCNFs) through electrostatic and π‐π interactions to form an ordered and robust structure. Notably, the synthesized SNWs exhibited impressive proton conductivity and adhesion capacity due to their inbuilt phosphotungstic acid (HPW) molecules and multidimensional interactions. Therefore, attributed to the synergistic contribution of TP‐COFs and SNWs, the composite membrane achieves ultrahigh proton conductivity (0.395 S cm−1 at 80 °C and 100% RH), superior mechanical property (109.8 MPa), exceptional fuel cell performance (71.6 mW cm−2), and superior operational stability (OCV decay rate is about 1.5 mV h−1), demonstrating outstanding competitiveness. More importantly, the proposed design concept has the potential to be applied in membranes for various electrochemical devices and molecular separations.
Noninvasive Needle‐Free Cancer Vaccine Cream Patch Based on Fluorinated Chitosan
Authors: Xiao Zhisheng , Li Guangzhi , Deng Dashi , Wei Ting , Chen Guoping , Tao Huiquan , Chao Yu , Liu Bo , Li Qiaofeng , Yang Yifan , Liu Zhuang , Chen Qian
Published: December 2023

In recent years, cancer vaccines that intend to specifically initiate host immune responses against cancer have achieved some clinical success. Delivery of vaccines with traditional needles is usually associated with the risk of infection and poor patient compliance. The development of needle‐free vaccines may overcome these limitations. In this work, a needle‐free patch is designed for effective cancer vaccination using a fluorine chain‐modified cationic polymer, fluorinated chitosan (FCS), which is able to transdermatically deliver the antigen to antigen‐presenting cells in the skin. Specifically, a transdermal carrier, FCS, and model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) can self‐assemble into nanoparticles, which can reversibly open the tight junction‐associated proteins of epithelial cells and penetrate across the epidermis. The needle‐free cancer vaccine patch is fabricated by mixing FCS‐OVA nanoparticles with the US Food and Drug Administration‐approved immune adjuvant imiquimod (R837) in blank cream. Such a needle‐free cancer vaccine can generate robust immune responses to protect mice against ovalbumin‐expressing melanoma (B16‐OVA). Compared to traditional intradermal injection, needle‐free cancer vaccines achieved an even more efficient protection effect against B16‐OVA cancer cells. This work indicated that the novel needle‐free cancer vaccine may provide a compelling technology for simple and safe vaccination, which may help to increase vaccination coverage.
Sieve Tube‐Inspired Polysulfide Cathode with Long‐Range Ordered Channels and Localized Capture‐Catalysis Microenvironments for Efficient Li–S Batteries
Authors: Zhu Ran , Zhao Zhenyang , Yan Rui , Wu Min , Zheng Weiqion , Wang Mao , Cheng Chong , Li Shuang , Zhao Changsheng
Published: December 2023

Accelerating the conversion of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) to solid Li2S2/Li2S through single‐atom cathodes has emerged as a promising strategy for realizing high‐performance lithium–sulfur batteries. However, rationally optimizing the conversion effects and spatial capture abilities of LiPSs intermediates on the atomic catalytic sites is extremely required but still faces enormous challenges. Here, inspired by the delicate structure of sieve tubes in plants, Fe single‐atom cathode (channel‐FeSAC) equipped with long‐range ordered channels and localized capture‐catalysis microenvironments towards efficient LiPSs conversion is reported on designing. Benefiting from the individual and stable catalytic areal for localized capture and migration inhibition abilities on LiPSs and fully confined triple‐phase boundaries between atomic catalytic centers, conductive carbon, and electrolytes, the channel‐FeSAC can effectively convert polysulfides, thus eliminating the shuttle effects and generation of inactive LiPSs. It is also elucidated that the channel‐FeSAC exhibits superior migration inhibition of polysulfide and accelerates Li2S deposition/conversion kinetics compared with bowl‐FeSAC and flat‐FeSAC. The outstanding areal capacity and cycling stability under high sulfur loading and low electrolyte/sulfur ratio verify that the channel‐FeSAC holds great potential as cathodes for high‐performance cathodes. This work offers vital insights into the essential roles of bioinspired fully confined channels and catalytic microenvironments in polysulfide catalysis for efficient lithium–sulfur batteries.
Undercoordination Chemistry of Sulfur Electrocatalyst in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Li Gaoran , Zhang Xiaomin , Zong Kai , Yang Yi , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei
Published: December 2023

Undercoordination chemistry is an effective strategy to modulate the geometry‐governed electronic structure and thereby regulate the activity of sulfur electrocatalysts. Efficient sulfur electrocatalysis is requisite to overcome the sluggish kinetics in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries aroused by multi‐electron transfer and multi‐phase conversions. Recent advances unveil the great promise of undercoordination chemistry in facilitating and stabilizing sulfur electrochemistry, yet a related review with systematicness and perspectives is still missing. Herein, it is carefully combed through the recent progress of undercoordination chemistry in sulfur electrocatalysis. The typical material structures and operational strategies are elaborated, while the underlying working mechanism is also detailly introduced and generalized into polysulfide adsorption behaviors, polysulfide conversion kinetics, electron/ion transport, and dynamic reconstruction. Moreover, perspectives on the future development of undercoordination chemistry are further proposed.
Multi‐Length Scale Communication Effects in Catalysis: Thinking Big and Acting Small
Authors: Moyano Albert , Crusats Joaquim
Published: December 2023

The use of hierarchically structured materials as catalysts has been finding increasing application in the past years. For these catalytic systems, not only the nano‐scale matters: a high degree of order across multiple length scales, along with its control and analytical assessment, is of paramount importance to obtain innovative properties that can find application in catalysis. Most reviews dealing with hierarchically structured materials are concerned with the “bottom‐up” transfer of structural information along the different length scales, with special emphasis on the transmission of chirality. Due to their mesoscale size together with their complex behaviour, these systems are often susceptible to feel the effects of macroscopic forces, that can exert a “top‐down” control of their catalytic properties, so that an external stimulus, acting at the level of the supramolecular architecture of the catalyst, can ultimately determine the outcome of the catalyzed reaction at the molecular level. We review in this paper some recent reports that deal with the experimental implementation of this concept, either by using a mechanical force in a full range direct transmission to the reaction coordinate, or by means of a stepwise relay transmission from the macroscopic level (purely supramolecular chirality) to the nanoscopic one. We focus in this review on these multi‐length scale communication control effects, identifying the different mechanisms that are affecting the catalytic activity.
Organo‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Dehydrative Coupling Reaction to Prepare Arylacetic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Chen Fei , Geng Huidan , Zhao Yonglong , Li Chun , Guo Bing , Tang Lei , Yang Yuanyong
Published: December 2023

Herein, the use of triphenylmethylium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate as an efficient catalyst for the intermolecular dehydrative coupling of p‐hydroxymandelic acid hydrate with substituted aromatic amines and (thio)phenols was developed, which allows for the preparation of arylacetic acid derivatives in a convenient manner. Notably, this method offers several advantages, including being prefunctionalization free, high atom efficiency, and high regioselectivity. Additionally, it exhibits a broad substrate scope, enabling the synthesis of a range of arylacetic acid derivatives. Furthermore, this method can also be applied to the etherification of arylthiol derivatives, facilitating the preparation of various thiolated products, which would enhance the applicability and potential utility of this method in organic synthesis.
Emerging Additive Manufacturing Methods for Wearable Sensors: Opportunities to Expand Access to Personalized Health Monitoring
Authors: Yin Ziyu , Clark Kaylee M. , Ray Tyler R.
Published: December 2023

Persistent disparities exist in access to state‐of‐the‐art healthcare disproportionately affecting underserved and vulnerable populations. Advances in wearable sensors enabled by additive manufacturing (AM) offer new opportunities to address such disparities and enhance equitable access advanced diagnostic technologies. Additive manufacturing provides a pathway to rapidly prototype bespoke, multifunctional wearable sensors thereby circumventing existing barriers to innovation for resource‐limited settings imposed by the need for specialized facilities, technical expertise, and capital‐intensive processes. This review examines recent progress in the additive manufacture of wearable platforms for physiological health monitoring. Supported by an initial overview of relevant techniques, representative examples of 3D printed wearable sensors highlight the potential for measuring clinically‐relevant biophysical and biochemical signals of interest. The review concludes with a discussion of the promise and utility of additive manufacturing for wearable sensors, emphasizing opportunities for expanding access to vital healthcare technology and addressing critical health disparities.
Theoretical Study on Functionalizing A–D–A Type Non‐Fullerene Acceptor by Fused Rings and Side Chains for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ma Li , Zhang Cai‐Rong , Zhang Mei‐Ling , Liu Xiao‐Meng , Gong Ji‐Jun , Chen Yu‐Hong , Liu Zi‐Jiang , Wu You‐Zhi , Chen Hong‐Shan
Published: December 2023

The modification of fused rings in the central backbone, side chains, and end groups of the non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) for organic solar cells (OSCs) can modulate properties and photovoltaic performance. In order to investigate the effect of fused rings and side chains on photovoltaic performance, PBDB‐T is selected as electron donor and IDTIC, IDIC, IDIC‐PhC6, IDIC‐C4Ph, 4TIC, ITIC‐OE, IDTTIC, ITC6‐IC, ITIC, and C8‐ITIC are selected as NFAs. Based on quantum chemistry calculations, the geometries, electronic structures, excitation properties, excited‐state lifetimes, and electrostatic potentials (ESPs) of the monomer and the PBDB‐T:NFA complexes are studied, and the rate constants of charge transfer (CT), exciton dissociation (ED) and charge recombination (CR) processes are analyzed. The results show that the increase of fused‐ring in NFA's backbone by substituting phenyl or thienyl with bithiophene can elevate the highest occupied molecular orbital energies, reduce the gap of frontier molecular orbital energies, induce red‐shift of absorption spectrum, increase CT energy, improve CT and ED rates. This work provides a detailed understanding of tuning optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance by modifying NFA's side chains and extending backbones.
TD‐YOLO: A Lightweight Detection Algorithm for Tiny Defects in High‐Resolution PCBs
Authors: Ling Qin , Isa Nor Ashidi Mat
Published: December 2023

Printing circuit board (PCB) defect inspection precisely and efficiently is an essential and challenging issue. Therefore, based on several improvements upon YOLOv5‐nano, a novel lightweight detector named TD‐YOLO is proposed to inspect tiny defects in PCBs. First, the lightweight ShuffleNet block is implemented into the backbone to effectively reduce the model weight. Second, novel anchors are designed using modified k‐means clustering to accelerate the model convergence and yield superior detection precision. Then, data augmentation strategy is recomposed by rejecting mosaic augmentation to suppress the emergence of extremely tiny targets. Finally, a mighty feature pyramid network namely MPANet, is newly proposed to boost the feature fusion capability of the model. The experiment results denote TD‐YOLO achieves the highest 99.5% mean average precision on our dataset, outperforming other state of the arts. Specially, the detection metrics for the smallest two defects, such as spur and mouse bite, are increased by 2.1% and 1.2%, respectively, compared with YOLOv5‐nano. Besides, TD‐YOLO has only 1.33 million parameters, decreased by 25% than the baseline. Using a mediocre processor, the detection speed is boosted by 20%, reaching 37 frames per second for the input size of 22402240 pixels.
Advanced Cooling Textiles: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Xueping , Wang Fei , Guo Hanyu , Sun Fengqiang , Li Xiangshun , Zhang Chentian , Yu Chongwen , Qin Xiaohong
Published: December 2023

High‐temperature environments pose significant risks to human health and safety. The body's natural ability to regulate temperature becomes overwhelmed under extreme heat, leading to heat stroke, dehydration, and even death. Therefore, the development of effective personal thermal‐moisture management systems is crucial for maintaining human well‐being. In recent years, significant advancements have been witnessed in the field of textile‐based cooling systems, which utilize innovative materials and strategies to achieve effective cooling under different environments. This review aims to provide an overview of the current progress in textile‐based personal cooling systems, mainly focusing on the classification, mechanisms, and fabrication techniques. Furthermore, the challenges and potential application scenarios are highlighted, providing valuable insights for further advancements and the eventual industrialization of personal cooling textiles.
Thioester‐Based Coupled Fluorogenic Assays in Microdevice for the Detection of Single‐Molecule Enzyme Activities of Esterases with Specified Substrate Recognition
Authors: Ukegawa Tatsuya , Komatsu Toru , Minoda Mayano , Matsumoto Takuya , Iwasaka Takumi , Mizuno Tadahaya , Tachibana Ryo , Sakamoto Shingo , Hanaoka Kenjiro , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Honda Kazufumi , Watanabe Rikiya , Urano Yasuteru
Published: December 2023

Single‐molecule enzyme activity assay is a platform that enables the analysis of enzyme activities at single proteoform level. The limitation of the targetable enzymes is the major drawback of the assay, but the general assay platform is reported to study single‐molecule enzyme activities of esterases based on the coupled assay using thioesters as substrate analogues. The coupled assay is realized by developing highly water‐soluble thiol‐reacting probes based on phosphonate‐substituted boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY). The system enables the detection of cholinesterase activities in blood samples at single‐molecule level, and it is shown that the dissecting alterations of single‐molecule esterase activities can serve as an informative platform for activity‐based diagnosis.