bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Digital Divide on Learning Outcomes of Students in Higher Education Institutes
Authors: Gulzar Anwaar Ahmad , Mehmood Ziarab , Ahmad Ijaz
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The digital divide, characterized by unequal access to digital resources and technologies, poses significant challenges to students' learning in higher education institutes. This research study investigates the impact of the digital divide on learning outcomes of students in higher education.
Methodology: Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, the research explores the disparities in digital access, technological proficiency, and utilization of digital tools among students. It also examines the relationship between the digital divide and academic achievement, engagement, and overall learning outcomes. In this descriptive study the data were collected from 300 university students (ADP and BS programme) in Gugranwala District by using stratified random sampling technique.
Findings: The findings throw light on the detrimental effects of the digital divide on students' educational experiences, and provide insights for policymakers and educators to bridge the gap and foster equitable learning environments.
Conclusion: It was recommended that Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) should make digital literacy and computer skills, a mandatory requirement, for all degree programs.
Social Anxiety, Shyness-Inhibition and Conceptualized Self: A Qualitative Investigation in Collectivistic Cultures
Authors: Ilyas Uzma , Dawood Saima
Published: December 2024

Aim of the study: Social anxiety is characterized by marked intense fear and significant impairment that interferes with day-to-day functioning and calls for medical attention. On the other hand, shyness is a milder version of nervousness around others that usually doesn't negatively impact a person's life to the same degree. The study aimed to dissect the concept of social anxiety, shyness, anxiety sensitivity and self-conceptualization in terms of pathology with reference to culture.
Method: In this study a deductive thematic approach was used with pre-determined theory-based major themes including: social anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, shyness inhibition and conceptualized self in reference to modify therapeutic intervention to enhance effectiveness, with cultural perspective.
Results: Both shyness and SAD can lead to functional impairment in social domains, individuals with SAD tend to experience a more severe and pervasive impairment. Shy individuals typically exhibit a self-perception bias characterized by negative self-evaluations in social situations, but they do not exhibit the pervasive and exaggerated cognitive distortions observed in those with SAD. While social discomfort is something that both shyness and social anxiety have in common, these two feelings differ from one another in terms of the severity and dysfunctionality caused in the life of the individual.
Conclusion: By recognizing these variations, social anxiety can be less stigmatized and people can get the support and proper care they require to live contented and meaningful lives. The quality of life for people with social anxiety disorder can be enhanced by raising public awareness and advocating for suitable treatment approaches.
Saba’s Transcendence from Objectification to Self-nullification: A Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis of Meri Zaat Zarra-e-Benishan
Authors: Ghilzai Shazia Akbar , Maaz Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Aim of the study: This study examines the unique characterization of Umera Ahmad's intangible ideas through the journey of Saba in the novel Meri Zaat Zara-e-Benishan. Saba is a woman with an independent mind, not only in regards to the world around her but also with her own personal decisions. Her ambition to pursue higher education and her desire to think and reason for herself are not acceptable to her society.
Methodology: This patriarchal society expects women to adhere to the predetermined norms and standards and to remain silent in the face of injustice. Despite the societal pressure to treat Saba as an object with no autonomy or ability to think or reason, she refuses to succumb and instead opts for self-nullification. She refuses to be reduced to an object with no rights or power, preferring to maintain her identity and not be stripped of her individuality.
Findings: She demonstrates her courage and strength of character in the face of adversity and shows that she is not one to be easily subjugated. This is mirrored in the title of the novel, Meri Zaat Zara-e-Benishan, which is a reference to the concept of self-nullification of the ego found in several religions including Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, and Islam.
Conclusion: This concept is also related to the Platonic concept of 'bittul ha'yesh' "I am but dust and ashes" (Genesis: 18: 27). These are experiences of the inner self that turn self into nothingness. Saba’s mystical experiences enable her to achieve self-annulment by negating her ego.
The Rape and Murder of Minor Girl Zainab: A Case Study of Pedophilic Sexual Violence in Pakistan
Authors: Alam Muhammad Aqib , Raza Ahmad , Raza Muhammad Omer
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This work explores the terrible rape and murder of a little girl, Zainab Ansari, in Kasur, a city in Pakistan, that put the growing epidemic of pedophilic sexual violence and moreover pointed to the lack of child protection in the country. It looks into the domestic cultural, legal and institutional practices that enabled a pedophile to reoffend and brings into sharp focus an urgent need to reform the child protection mechanisms and laws of Pakistan.
Methodology: Employing a case study methodology and anchored on Routine Activities Theory and Feminist Theory, the study stats on structural vulnerabilities and the perpetration of Patriarchal Domination that qualifies a societal culture that embraces silenced/deemed-unsayable child sexual abuse. Sources comprise newspapers, magazines and journals, as well as official police and legal reports in order to present a comprehensive view of institutional and societal adequacy in handling sexual violence.
Findings: The areas that were identified as critical gaps include Lack of police response, community’s perception about Child abuse, and delayed response from other units. It asserts inadequacies in the management of the law especially in enforcement, non-reporting of child sexual abuse and conservative proactive measures that characterized the protection systems allowing continuation of the offences. People pushed for social changes and media played an important role in addressing the issue but not much in solving the root cause.
Conclusion: In a nutshell, this study calls for a coordinated multifaceted approach to changes such as enhancing the vigor in the enforcement of laws, increasing awareness among the community as well as reforming the laws that guard Children. Focusing on the obstacles that prevent safety for children in Pakistan both at social level and institutional level, more can be done to prevent recurrence of such calamities in future.
A Comparative Study of Teaching Proficiency among Science Teachers with B.S.Ed. and B.Sc. B.Ed. Degrees
Authors: Basharat Muhammad , Khan Rahmat Ullah , Khatoon Faheem
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The teaching proficiency of educators is a critical factor in enhancing the effectiveness and quality of learning within educational institutions. This study aims to compare the teaching proficiency of science teachers holding B.S.Ed. degrees and those with B.Sc. B.Ed. degrees.
Methodology: Employing a descriptive research design, the study utilized a survey method facilitated through a structured questionnaire. The target population comprised head teachers, science teachers, and students at the secondary school level in Islamabad Model Schools. A multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted to select the sample for the study. Data were analyzed using basic statistical techniques, including percentages, means, standard deviations, t-tests, and chi-square tests.
Findings: The results indicated that science teachers with B.Sc. B.Ed. degrees exhibited significantly higher teaching proficiency compared to their counterparts with B.S.Ed. degrees.
Conclusion: These findings suggest a need for a revision of the B.S.Ed. curriculum to enhance subject mastery and pedagogical knowledge. A revised curriculum should incorporate content that strengthens teachers' understanding of their subject matter, thereby improving the overall quality of science education.
Prospects and Barriers of Witness Protection Laws in Pakistan
Authors: Aqeel Wasiq B. , Shahbaz Areeba , Rehman Tansif Ur , Nawaz Abdullah
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Focusing on provincial laws in Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and exploring international, Islamic, and U.N. perspectives, the study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of witnesses' challenges in participating in criminal trials. The research also investigates the impact of cultural and social factors on implementing witness protection laws, the risks witnesses encounter in high-profile cases, and the perceptions of protection among witnesses.
Methodology: This study employed a systematic review methodology, with research objectives established accordingly. A comprehensive literature review was conducted (Komba & Lwoga, 2020).
Findings: Research findings were categorized based on their content (Hiver et al., 2021; Petticrew & Roberts, 2006), and classified information was incorporated into the study by organizing it into headings (Gan et al., 2021; Pawson et al., 2005). The evaluation of classified information and titles formed the basis of the study (Page, 2021; Rahi, 2017), ensuring the integrity of the research subject and its contents (Egger et al., 2022; Victor, 2008).
Conclusion: The study concluded that adapting international experiences to the Pakistani context requires careful consideration of legal, cultural, and institutional factors. The complexities of witness protection, including balancing the accused's rights with the witnesses' safety, underscore the need for tailored legislative and procedural measures. Addressing challenges such as witness credibility, budgetary constraints, and potential politicization of protection efforts is essential for the success of witness protection laws in Pakistan. In light of escalating incidents of witness killings and intimidation, urgent action is required to strengthen witness protection frameworks through legislative reforms, investment in resources, capacity building, and interagency collaboration.
News Media Performance of Intelligence Oversight in Pakistan: A Discourse Analysis of Dawn, The News, The Nation And The Express Tribune
Authors: Ali Shahid , Iqbal Zafar
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The aim of this study is to analyze the oversight role of Pakistani News Media in relation to Intelligence Agencies of the country, during the Abbottabad Raid of 2 May 2011, an intelligence failure, while assessing applicability of normative model of Claudia Hillebrand in our local context. In new democracies like Pakistan, this effective watchdog role is a must yet ironically has become extremely difficult. After the GWOT this informal oversight of civil society, media being part of is the only hope, which must deliver, especially when formal oversight by the parliament or legislature has not been effective or existent.
Methodology: This study conducted analysis of news reports of The Dawn, The News, The Express Tribune, and The Nation, in light of OBL hunt by US Special Forces. Due to the nature of high context culture of the country/media, the qualitative method of discourse analysis of Teun .A Van Dijk was used to analyze the media text, press reports or stories.
Findings: The study results presented a dismal position of media in the enshrined role of oversight or monitoring. The deficiencies identified are of capacity, resources/expertise, will, and precedence.
Conclusion: Security lapses and Intelligence Failures have been inevitable even to world powers, but their continued neglect can easily lead to National or Collective Failure, which all countries must try to avoid at all costs.
Examining the Challenges of Sports Tourism in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Shakeel Muhammad , Nadeem Fahad , Gill Sajjad Ali , Sehar Rashna
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Prime objective of current research was to examining the challenges of sports tourism in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Methodology: The population of this particular study was comprised of all the sport organizers of tourism authorities (The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Cultural & Tourism Authority (K.P.C.T.A), Galiyat Development Authority (G.D.A) and Kaghan Development Authority (K.D.A) in K.P.K, Pakistan. A total 75 subjects were taken as population, it was very limited and easily approachable, and census method was used for data collection. The investigator used descriptive research design with the cross-sectional survey approach for data collection. The investigator utilized a self-made close-ended on 4-point Likert scale for the purpose of data collection. The pilot testing was done for the purpose to examine the existing draw backs and errors in the initial draft of research instrument. For the content validity purpose, the initial version of the instrument was sent to the five experts of the field. Cronbach’s alpha method was used for checking the research tool’s reliability and its value was 0.76. The response rate was recorded as 92.30%. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (Frequencies, percentages and mean) were used to analyze and tabulate the collected information.
Findings: The results showed that sports tourism challenges such as organizational challenges, environmental challenges and social challenges are a major concern for sports tourism in the surveyed area which is the main cause of downfall of sports tourism. Additionally, the study identifies the importance of addressing social and cultural barriers to promote greater participation, particularly among female athletes.
Conclusion: So, the study recommended that sports tourism department of Pakistan may improve the infrastructures (accommodation, transportation, and equipment). This will lead to enhance sports tourism in Pakistan.
Domestic Violence and Drug Addiction Among Adolescents: A Case Study of Union Council Bilitang-District Kohat
Authors: Aziz Tariq , Alam Jan , Bibi Saiqa , Safdar Urooj
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The recent literature about drug addiction reveals several causes in the least developed societies. Very little attention has been given to domestic violence which is also a major contributor to this menace in developing societies. This study is designed to explore the role of domestic violence in promoting drug addiction among adolescents of District Kohat.
Methodology: The nature of the study was qualitative where the data was collected from 20 participants selected purposively through in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used for the data analysis which reveals that familial affairs such as conflict among parents, divorce, financial unrest, conflict among siblings, and disintegration among family members are the major contributors to drug addiction.
Findings: The finding highlights that a holistic and institutionalized approach needs to be undertaken with vivid policy implications at a societal and communal level to eliminate the increasing rate of drug use among adolescents in the study area.
Conclusion: The study concluded that a stable, nurturing family environment, free from violence and financial distress, is critical in preventing the onset of poly-substance abuse among adolescents. Interventions aimed at strengthening family bonds, improving economic conditions, and addressing cultural norms that perpetuate adverse childhood experiences are essential in mitigating the risk of drug addiction in vulnerable populations.
Predicting Emotional and Behavioral Problems through Bullying and Victimization in Pakistani Adolescents
Authors: Nawaz Sanam , Mushtaq Asia
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Bullying and victimization are critical issues affecting the mental and emotional wellbeing of students worldwide. Despite extensive research demonstrating a robust link between bullying victimization and various emotional and behavioral problems, there remains a significant gap in understanding these dynamics within the Pakistani context. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of bullying and victimization among Pakistani school adolescents and investigate their predictive relationship with emotional and behavioral problems.
Methodology: The cross-sectional study involved 500 adolescents (Mage = 11.06 years) from four public schools in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Participants completed the Forms of Bullying Scale and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.
Findings: Findings revealed a higher prevalence of boys in both categories. Overall, 29.6% of boys and 23.6% of girls fell into the clinical category for behavioral problems. Bullying significantly predicted conduct problems and externalizing behaviors, while victimization was associated with peer problems, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms, and internalizing behaviors. Both bullying and victimization negatively predicted prosocial behavior.
Conclusion: Study highlight the need for gender-sensitive, targeted anti-bullying policies and support systems in Pakistani educational settings, emphasizing the importance of promoting mental health and positive social interactions among adolescents.
Perceived Challenges and the Role of Dispositional Factors in Achieving Professional Development among Successful Entrepreneurs
Authors: Nisar Hafiz Haseeb , Mushtaq Asia
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The purpose of this study is to identify the key personality traits and competencies that enable entrepreneurs to succeed despite the numerous challenges they encounter. In the context of Pakistan, where entrepreneurship is still developing, the country faces ongoing economic difficulties, which simultaneously heighten the need for increased productivity. Entrepreneurs are crucial to Pakistan's overall economic growth in such circumstances.
Methodology: This qualitative study utilized a phenomenological exploratory approach to investigate the professional development of successful Pakistani entrepreneurs. Using a purposive sampling technique, 25 successful entrepreneurs (18 men and 7 women, aged 40 to 60) from Islamabad, Lahore, Rawalpindi, and Karachi were selected. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore their experiences. The collected data was transcribed following Kuckartz's (2014) simple transcription method and focused only on relevant factors and characteristics. Thematic analysis was then manually performed to identify descriptive, organizing, and global themes, following Clarke et al.'s (2015) framework. Three major themes emerged from the data analysis: Perceived Challenges, Personality Characteristics, and Competencies.
Findings: These findings offer valuable insights for youth, aspiring entrepreneurs, startups, and educational institutions, highlighting the essential traits and skills needed for professional development.
Conclusion: The study suggests designing new educational programs to foster entrepreneurial qualities and professional growth among the youth, contributing to the country's economic progress. The study acknowledges its limitations and proposes directions for future research. Overall, the findings align with existing literature and make indigenous contributions to the field of entrepreneurial psychology.
Nowy system wsparcia dla energii wytwarzanej z wysokosprawnej kogeneracji – wybrane aspekty prawne
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Bałdowski Michał , Maruszak Michał
Published: December 2024

Pod koniec 2018 r. Sejm przyjął przepisy mające na celu kompleksowe uregulowanie wsparcia dla kogeneracji, tj. jednoczesnego wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i cieplnej. Wspomniane rozwiązanie legislacyjne podyktowane było potrzebą popularyzacji takiej formy wytwarzania energii, która cechuje się wysoką efektywnością i stosunkowo niskim poziomem szkodliwości dla środowiska. W ocenie autorów nowe przepisy należy ocenić pozytywnie, jako że dzięki oparciu systemu na zasadach konkurencji, cele energetyczne realizowane są możliwie najmniejszym kosztem dla budżetu państwa. Jednocześnie uchwalone przepisy przewidują dedykowany system wsparcia dla małych i istniejących jednostek wytwórczych w postaci gwarantowanej pomocy. Nowy system wsparcia nie jest jednak pozbawiony wad, w tym nieuzasadnionego badania efektu zachęty czy różnicowania pozycji wytwórców energii w kogeneracji i ze źródeł odnawialnych.
Pozyskanie nowego klienta przez sprzedawcę energii
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie: Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Domagała Paweł K.
Published: December 2024

Od rozpoczęcia stosowania ogólnego rozporządzenia o ochronie danych znacząco zwiększyła się świadomość w zakresie obowiązków związanych z pozyskiwaniem i wykorzystywaniem danych osobowych. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiony zostanie proces pozyskania nowego klienta przez sprzedawcę energii w Polsce, a także w jaki sposób polskie ustawy oraz RODO wpływają na realizację tego procesu i z jakim obostrzeniami muszą się liczyć sprzedawcy energii. Proces zostanie przedstawiony w ramach trzech etapów: pozyskania danych potencjalnego klienta, przekazania oferty zawarcia umowy sprzedaży energii oraz zawarcia takiej umowy. Wskazane zostaną także najważniejsze obowiązki ciążące na sprzedawcy energii w ramach realizacji procesu pozyskiwania nowych klientów. Ponadto podjęta zostanie próba ustalenia wpływu obecnie procedowanych przepisów na kształt procesu sprzedaży energii.
Claiming Space: Structural aspects of heterophony in the Vietnamese tradition of Vọng Cổ Performance
Authors: Nguyễn Thanh Thủy , Östersjö Stefan
Published: December 2024

This paper seeks to better understand the role of heterophony in a form of traditional Vietnamese music often referred to as Đờn Ca Tài Tử, as well as how such performance practices are grounded in interactions between performers. The performance of this genre is analyzed as ornamental heterophony and attention is given to the role of idiomatic patterns as well as small-scale ornamentation. Building on stimulated recall interviews with three master performers, the authors analyze an audio recording of Vọng Cổ by these three performers, in order to explore the role of conscious and subconscious processes in their performance.
Un paradigme contemporain d’un principe hétérophonique propre au Moyen-Orient
Authors: Tavakol Showan
Published: December 2024

L’auteur de l’article s’appuie sur une hypothèse fondamentale pour structurer son analyse : la prédominance d’une texture musicale hétérophonique, inhérente aux traditions orales du système modale du maqâm et du dastgâh (régimes modaux de l’Asie occidentale et du Moyen-Orient). Cette texture spécifique constitue le fondement de son inspiration. Le profil du musicien-compositeur de l’auteur de l’article, qui est à la fois un virtuose du kamâncheh issu de la tradition orale iranienne et un compositeur de musique contemporaine occidentale, est la clé de lecture de cet article hybride mêlant musicologie et composition. En tant que musicien traditionnel, il débute par la transcription et l’analyse de ces traditions orales pour déceler les mécanismes sous-jacents de cette hétérophonie régionale, avant, en tant que compositeur contemporain occidental, de s’en inspirer pour créer une texture similaire dans un quatuor à cordes, qu’il soumet ensuite à une analyse approfondie des éléments hétérophoniques intégrés.
Collecter les cartes interactives en ligne : portée et signification du dépôt légal pour un objet numérique complexe
Authors: Bonneau Pierre
Published: December 2024

Les cartes interactives en ligne sont omniprésentes dans les usages des Français. Elles se trouvent de ce fait au coeur de la mission de dépôt légal de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, désormais étendue à tous les documents numériques. Pourtant, depuis le début du siècle, leur collecte bute sur l’organisation et la matérialité de ces cartes, sans commune mesure avec celle des unités documentaires habituellement reçues en bibliothèque. Cet article propose, en suivant ce cas pratique, d’examiner comment le dépôt légal et ses outils peuvent se renouveler pour tenir leurs objectifs documentaires.
Enhancing institutional evaluation through human-centered design: insights from brazilian higher education institutions
Authors: Francisco Thiago Henrique Almino , Stallivieri Luciane , Moser Giarcarlo , Santos Luciana Oliveira Penna dos , Feiden Bruna Jaime , Seck Mouhamadou Moustapha
Published: December 2024

This article examines human-centered practices to improve the usability of institutional evaluation results in higher education. Conducted between February and April 2024 and justified by the growing demand for approaches that integrate strategic service design and standards, such as ISO 9241-11, to enhance user interaction with evaluation outcomes. Using a mixed-methods approach, the perceptions of sixty professionals from the Comissão Própria de Avaliação (CPA, Institutional Evaluation Committee) from various Brazilian institutions were analyzed. The results indicate that a human-centered approach increases effectiveness and user satisfaction, fostering a more inclusive and collaborative academic environment. The integration of these practices significantly contributes to university management, aligning evaluative processes with institutional and social expectations.
PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY ON IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF SWARNAPRASHANA: A REVIEW
Authors: . Deepshikha , Yadav Sarika , Yadav CR
Published: December 2024

Lehana Karma depicts administration of various herbal drugs, ghee preparations, and Swarna Bhasma along with Ghrita and honey as supplementary feed wherein precise indications are stated in Ayurvedic literature. In Ayurveda, administration of the gold particles in children(0-16 years) is considered to be a unique practice termed as Swarna Prashana (SP). Across the spectrum of human life, from pre-conception to the end of life, gold emerges as a noble metal with significant impacts on well-being and vitality. The remarkable effects of SP on children described in the Samhita are due to the Swarnabindu's ability to quickly absorb and assimilate the gold nanoparticles (GNP) that are present in it. According to various studies on GNP, Swarna Bhasma enhances immunity by stimulating phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. The potential of SP in immunomodulation lies in its application for developing both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. In order to operate as a powerful immunomodulator, each component of SP is examined individually as well as in combination in this study.
A REVIEW ON BREATH, GUT FLORA AND SLEEP QUALITY: UNRAVELLING THE TRIAD OF WELL-BEING
Authors: Sharma Parul , Sharma Ved Bhushan , Sharma KK
Published: December 2024

The intricate relationship between Breath, Gut flora, and Sleep Quality significantly impacts overall well-being. This article explores how proper breathing techniques enhance relaxation and oxygenation, fostering better sleep. It also delves into the gut microbiome's role in serotonin production and circadian rhythm regulation. By understanding and optimizing these connections, we can improve sleep quality and consequently, our overall health. Proper breathing techniques, as recommended by Ayurveda, enhance prana (life force) and support mental calmness, aiding sleep. The gut, considered the seat of health (Agni), is crucial for maintaining balance . This relationship between breath, gut flora, and sleep quality is pivotal for overall health and well-being. This article explores how proper breathing positively influence gut health and sleep. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating neurotransmitters and inflammation, directly impacting sleep patterns. By understanding the synergy between breath, gut flora, and sleep, we can adopt holistic strategies to improve our nightly rest and daily vitality. Harmonizing breath and gut health through Ayurvedic practices like pranayama (mindful breathing practice), balanced diet, and daily routines (dinacharya) promotes good quality of sleep and overall vibrant growth, reflecting the profound synergy between these elements in achieving optimal health and harmony.
THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF EXTERNAL AYURVEDIC FORMULATIONS IN VRANA CHIKITSA: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Javed Danish , Das Arun Kumar
Published: December 2024

Dushta Vrana (~chronic wounds or ulcers) present significant challenges in medical management due to their persistent nature and potential complications. Ayurvedic medicine offers a comprehensive approach to wound healing through various herbal formulations known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, granulation-promoting, and moisture-retaining properties. This review aims to explore the efficacy of different Ayurvedic formulations, including Malahar (~ointments), Taila (~medicated oils), Ghrita (~medicated ghee), and Lepa (~herbal pastes), in the treatment of Dushta Vrana and their role in enhancing the wound healing process. An extensive review of classical Ayurvedic texts and contemporary research was conducted to identify key formulations used in Vrana Chikitsa. The pharmacological properties of these formulations were analyzed, focusing on their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, granulation-promoting, and moisture-retaining effects. Ayurvedic formulations demonstrate significant efficacy in wound management. Anti-inflammatory herbs like Turmeric and Triphala modulate immune responses, reducing chronic inflammation. Antimicrobial agents such as Neem and Honey effectively inhibit the growth of pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant strains. Formulations like Jatyadi Malahar and Shatadhauta Ghrta promote granulation by stimulating fibroblast activity and collagen synthesis, while lipid-based Taila and Malahar ensure moisture retention, providing an optimal healing environment. Ayurvedic formulations offer a holistic and effective approach to the management of Dushta Vrana. Their multi-targeted actions not only address immediate wound care needs but also support long-term healing and tissue regeneration. Further research could solidify their role in modern clinical practice, enhancing the integration of Ayurvedic wound care into contemporary medical treatments.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF SAMSARJANA KRAMA
Authors: Lata Suman , Singh Akhilesh Prasad , Tiwari Satyendra Kumar
Published: December 2024

A stringent consecutive regimen in pashchat (following) the Karma of Vamana, Virechana, and Vasti is known as Samsarjana Krama. The assimilation and metabolism of regular diet are hampered by the Samshodhana Karma, or Vamana and Virechana, which results in mandagni. Thus, a lighter diet at first, followed by a gradual transition to a typical diet in the form of Peyadi/Tarpanadi Krama, stimulates Agni. In the Paka process, Agni is the constant agent (digestion). The purpose of the agni is to properly digest, absorb, and assimilate food in order to maintain life. Simple carbohydrates are first introduced, followed by the addition of a multi nutrient dietary formulation, and then the regular diet. This diet must be customized based on the amount, nutritional content, and digestive capacity of each individual. The food preparations such peya, vilepi, akrityusha, Kritayusha, akritamamsarasa, and kritamamsarasa. Categorized as Pravara, Madhyama, and Avara administered in tri annakala (3), dviannakala (2), and ekaannakala (1), respectively, based on shuddhiprakara (types) and intake frequency. It enhances dhatu's vigor and capacity for absorption. Better bioavailability of the biological system depends on this.
UNDERSTANDING OF MANDAGNI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIFFERENT VYADHI: A REVIEW
Authors: Verma Pooja , US Sajeesh , Prasad Mahendra , Prasad Rashmi Prakash
Published: December 2024

Mandagni, a fundamental concept in Ayurveda representing weak digestive fire, holds profound implications for health and well-being. This abstract delves into the intricate understanding of Mandagni, shedding light on its definition, underlying causes, and far-reaching effects according to Ayurvedic principles. This exploration uncovers the multifaceted impact of Mandagni on digestive functions, elucidating symptoms such as indigestion, bloating, and lethargy. Moreover, it delves into Mandagni's role in contributing to nutritional deficiencies, toxin accumulation (Ama), metabolic disruptions, and the onset of chronic ailments, highlighting the interconnectedness of digestive health with overall systemic balance. A comprehensive review of Ayurvedic perspectives reveals insights into Mandagni's influence on mental and emotional states through the gut-brain axis, emphasising its holistic impact on mind-body wellness. Leveraging this ancient wisdom, Ayurveda offers tailored approaches encompassing dietary adjustments, lifestyle modifications, stress management techniques, and specialised therapies to restore Agni equilibrium and promote optimal digestion. By addressing Mandagni holistically, individuals can enhance nutrient assimilation, support metabolic vigour, and fortify resilience against diseases. This abstract serves as a foundational guide, encouraging a deeper understanding of Mandagni's significance and fostering integrative approaches to digestive vitality and holistic well-being in the modern era.
PREVENTION OF VATARAKTA IN THE MODERN ERA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLES AS NIDAN: A REVIEW
Authors: Barbate Divyani , Naik Priya
Published: December 2024

Health is the physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being of an individual, which depends upon diet and lifestyle. Ayurved is the science with the prime goal of promoting health and preventing disease. In today's era due to altered lifestyles and food habits, humans are more vulnerable to many diseases and Vatarakta is one of them. Vatarakta is Vatapradhan tridoshaja vaydhi caused by vitiation of vata dosha and rakta dhatu. The main presenting symptom of Vatarakta is pain, tenderness, swelling, and burning sensation in small joints, which affects patients' daily routine. The first line of treatment for this disease is "Nidan parimarjnam, for that it is necessary to understand nidan of Vatarakta and correlate it with modern lifestyle and food habits. Vatarakta is special in the literature, due to its high prevalence (0.2 to 3.5 per 1000, with an overall prevalence of 2 to 26 per 1000) in the society. This disease is creating a lot of concern in the world as it is causing serious complications with disabilities in humans. Therefore, it's high time to prevent the disease by exploring the hetu of Vatarakta in today's era, which can also help the common public understand their faulty food habits and lifestyle that is becoming a causative factor of diseases like Vatarakta.
EXPLORING THE CLINICAL IMPACT OF MARMA CHIKITSA: A FOCUS ON SHIRA MARMA IN MANAGING URDHVAJATRUGATA VYADHI
Authors: Dhabhai Neelam , Verma Hemendra Kumar , Sharma Mahendra Kumar
Published: December 2024

Marma Chikitsa is an important principle of Ayurveda, based on the manipulation of 107 sensitive points called Marmas, as mentioned in the ancient books Charak Samhita and Sushrut Samhita. This review focuses on the Shira Marma and its specific use in treating urdhvajatrugata vyadhi, which includes headaches, migraines, and cervical pain. The Shira Marma is vital in controlling Prana, the human physiological vigor, and balancing the autonomic and endocrine systems. Understanding how to activate Shira Marma can help alleviate symptoms, improve patient well-being, and prevent the progression of diseases into chronic conditions. This review also highlights the general use of Marma therapy for a wide range of physical, mental, and spiritual ailments. Integrating traditional Ayurvedic principles with modern clinical practices, Marma chikitsa offers an effective approach to health and healing, emphasizing the importance of Shira Marma in managing challenging head and neck conditions.
Household Level Sanitation Practices and Their Implication on the Occurrence of Diarrhea and Other Related Infections in Temeke Municipality, Tanzania
Authors: Munissi Hafidh S. , Mwalilino Jilisa K.
Published: December 2024

This study aimed at assessing households' level sanitation practices and their implication on the occurrence of diarrhoea and other related infections in Temeke Municipality. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the study area involving 220 respondents, randomly selected through simple random sampling from Azimio, Mtoni and Tandika wards. The study employed a mixed-method approach involving quantitative data from the household survey and qualitative data  from key informant interviews. Data were analyzed using IBM-Statistics SPSS V.20 to compute frequencies and percentages presented in tables. The findings revealed that 77.7% of all the households have latrines that can be accessed within their plot. Furthermore, 94.7% of all the households share latrines which are located near their respective compound. In addition, the majority (97.4%) of the respondents use a bowl for washing hands, while 0.9% have a tap connected to water distribution. The majority (70%) of the respondents’ latrines are in bad condition, 94% have no water available inside for flushing and cleaning the facility and 17% reported that their facility leak sometimes in the past 6 months. The study concludes that there is improper management of available latrines in the study area which is attributed to factors like overuse and water scarcity among household compounds. The study recommends that the improvement of household-level sanitation practices should be embedded with behavioural change for better utilization of available facilities.
Zero-Based Budgeting as a Tool of Budgetary Control in Panchayati Raj in India
Authors: Chaudhary Amar Kumar
Published: December 2024

Zero-based budgeting (ZBB) is a systematic approach to budgeting that starts from a "zero base," aiming to analyze the requirements and costs of each activity. The aim of this article is to explore the application of ZBB as an effective means of budgetary control within the Panchayati Raj institutions in India, with Nigeria serving as an example of its successful implementation. As the cornerstone of decentralized governance, Panchayati Raj plays an important role in implementing rural development programs while ensuring optimal use of resources. However, traditional methods of incremental budgeting often lead to inefficiency, misuse of funds, and lack of accountability. The study delves into the principles of ZBB and its ability to increase financial discipline, prioritize spending, and align budget allocations with development objectives in the rural governance framework. Nigeria's implementation of ZBB highlights its ability to eliminate redundant programs, reallocate resources to critical sectors, and enhance transparency through stakeholder involvement and technological integration. Despite these advantages, ZBB faces challenges such as high time investment, manpower turnover, lack of experienced personnel, administrative complexity, bureaucratic inertia, local political resistance, and resistance to change. While ZBB requires considerable effort in terms of training and stakeholder engagement, it can significantly improve financial management and service delivery in Panchayati Raj institutions. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for capacity building and institutional reforms to achieve sustainable and equitable development in India's villages and offers policy recommendations for integrating ZBB into rural governance systems.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Oregano (Origanum vulgare) and Natrum Muriaticum to Enhance the Growth and Induced Breeding of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)
Authors: Sudha.C  , V Gokula. , Venkadeswaran.K  , M Arulmani.
Published: December 2024

Monitoring fish health in a repeatable and accurate manner can contribute to the profitability and sustainability of aquaculture. There is a growing interest in fishery industry to replace synthetic chemicals by natural products for induced breeding. This study is aimed to find out the efficacy of oregano (Origanum vulgare) and natrum muriaticum (homeopathy preparation) in edible fish tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). The present study showed biochemical compounds like protein levels in muscle and ovary during the breeding time in tilapia, induced by Origanum vulgare and homeopathy preparation Natrum muriaticum 30c potency. Both caused an increase in protein level at the end of the experiment in tilapia. In protein profile study the variation in their number and staining intensities of different fractions may reflect their different type of metabolic activity, reproductive age, and their environmental conditions. Comparing haematological parameters between treatments within the same experimental design can be a reliable monitoring tool. It is believed that this parameter can better reflect the health of fish than any of the other parameters separately. The increased concentration of Hb in the blood of the Origanum vulgare treated groups may have increased oxygen delivery to the tissues, and, as a result, their ovarian tissue growth was improved. We have found oregano (Origanum vulgare) extract to be remarkably effective on fish growth and the fish immune system, enabling us to reach 3rd goal of SDGs approach (Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages).
Evaluating the Efficiency of the Jackknife Kibria-Lukman M-Estimator: A Simulation-Based Comparative Analysis
Authors: E.A Ayanlowo, , D.I Oladapo, , S.A. Phillips, , G.O Obadina,
Published: December 2024

Although linear regression is frequently used in predictive analysis, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimator's accuracy is decreased by multicollinearity and outliers. In order to offer a reliable substitute, this study suggests the Jackknife Kibria-Lukman (JKL) M-Estimator, which combines Ridge shrinkage, Jackknife resampling, and M-estimation. In extreme multicollinearity settings with outliers, the JKL M-Estimator reduced MSEs by up to 50% when compared to OLS and 30% when compared to Ridge using Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, across estimators, the JKL M-Estimator consistently offered the lowest variation. The JKL M-Estimator reduced the average coefficient variance by 44% when compared to OLS and 25% when compared to Ridge when used to real-world economic data, demonstrating improved resistance to outliers and multicollinearity. These findings confirm that the JKL M-Estimator is a very accurate and stable estimator for real-world regression situations that defy conventional wisdom.
Possibility of Biofortification by Selenium for Abiotic Stress Management Using Effective Microorganisms
Authors: Yadav Shubham Kumar , Chowdhury Tapas , Parganiha Sweta , Parganiha Shaurya , Janghel Gulshan Kumar
Published: December 2024

Selenium biofortification aims to increase selenium accumulation or bioavailability in edible crops, tackling the global issue of hidden hunger for essential micronutrients. This review examines the vital role of selenium in human health, its interactions within soil-crop systems, and its potential to alleviate abiotic stresses in plants. By utilizing selenorhizobacteria as biotechnological tools, selenium biofortification presents an innovative method for enhancing crop nutrition and quality. The review emphasizes key mechanisms involved in selenium uptake, its function in activating plant antioxidant systems, and its dual role as both a beneficial nutrient and a prooxidant. Furthermore, it explores microbial contributions to selenium mobility and bioavailability, offering practical strategies to bolster crop resilience and productivity. This comprehensive analysis highlights the importance of selenium biofortification in fostering sustainable agriculture and improving global health outcomes.
Graphical Abstract
Role of Underutilized Fruits for Nutritive Value and Its Value-Added Products: A Review
Authors: Sundar Shyam , Dwivedi Deepa H. , Kumar Bipin , Verma Saurabh , Maurya Hareesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

Underutilized fruits are not commonly cultivated or traded on large scale grown in the mostly wild and consumed both locally and globally. It fruits are typically rich in essential carbohydrate, proteins, fats, fibres, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, offering health benefits that can address global malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Additionally, many underutilized fruits, such as Aonla, Karonda, Jamun, Ber, Bael, Wood apple, Phalsa and Lasoda provide dietary fiber, supporting digestive health and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Beyond their nutritional benefits, underutilized fruits play a key role in sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, the processing of underutilized fruits into value-added products such as jam, jelly, preserve, candy, powder, wine, pickle, fruit bar, squash and nutraceuticals opens new economic opportunities. This transformation not only reduces post-harvest losses but also provides income for farmers, particularly in rural communities. With global market potential, these products can be marketed as functional foods, promoting health and sustainability. This review explores the diverse roles these fruits play in promoting human health, reduce malnutrition, environmental sustainability, and contribution in nation economically.
Comparative Study on Cellan Jones Repair and Modified Graham Patch Repair (Omentoplasty) in the Surgical Management of Perforated Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: Patil Tejas , Dalal Ashwani K , Dalal Usha R , Bindra Manpreet , Aggarwal Sarthak , Jain Tirushi
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Duodenal ulcer perforation, a complication of peptic ulcer disease, has been treated surgically for over a century. Out of the various repair methods, Cellan Jones repair and Modified Graham Patch repair remain the most preferred approaches for small sized perforations <1.5cm. This study compares the postoperative outcomes, including wound infection rates, leak rates and morbidity, between the two techniques in a cohort of patients.
Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted on 52 patients presenting with duodenal perforation at Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, from December 2022 to April 2024. To achieve an unbiased comparison group and a balanced randomization, permuted block randomization with fixed block size was used. Follow-up was conducted for a minimum of 30 days post-surgery to assess wound infection, leak rates, and other complications.
Results: Both techniques had similar wound infection rates, with Cellan Jones at 38.5% and MGPR slightly higher at 57.7% with a p value of 0.16. MGPR required longer operative times compared to Cellan Jones at a mean of 81.35 min vs 66.35 min respectively with a p value of < 0.01. MGPR also showed higher rates of certain postoperative complications, though overall morbidity and mortality rates were comparable between the two techniques which was overall statistically insignificant. Also, MGPR had a 0% leak rate, indicating superior sealing compared to the 7.7% leak rate in Cellan Jones Repair, however it was statistically insignificant (p value 0.49).
Conclusion: While both Cellan Jones Repair and MGPR are effective techniques for managing duodenal ulcer perforations, MGPR offers a marginally better outcome in preventing leaks but at the cost of a longer surgery and a higher rate of specific complications.