bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON THE KAUFFMAN–VOGEL AND THE MURAKAMI–OHTSUKI–YAMADA GRAPH POLYNOMIALS
Authors: WU HAO
Published: April 2012

This paper consists of three parts.

First, we generalize the Jaeger Formula to express the Kauffman–Vogel graph polynomial as a state sum of the Murakami–Ohtsuki–Yamada graph polynomial.

Then, we demonstrate that reversing the orientation and the color of a MOY graph along a simple circuit does not change the 𝔰𝔩(N) Murakami–Ohtsuki–Yamada polynomial or the 𝔰𝔩(N) homology of this MOY graph. In fact, reversing the orientation and the color of a component of a colored link only changes the 𝔰𝔩(N) homology by an overall grading shift.

Finally, as an application of the first two parts, we prove that the 𝔰𝔬(6) Kauffman polynomial is equal to the 2-colored 𝔰𝔩(4) Reshetikhin–Turaev link polynomial, which implies that the 2-colored 𝔰𝔩(4) link homology categorifies the 𝔰𝔬(6) Kauffman polynomial.
TWO QUITE SIMILAR MATRIX ODES AND THE MANY-BODY PROBLEMS RELATED TO THEM
Authors: CALOGERO F.
Published: April 2012

This paper is a terse highlight of the remarkable similarities and differences among two matrix ODEs — one solvable and one integrable — and the many-body problems related to them.
Congenital Infiltrating Lipomatosis of the Face: A Case Report
Authors: Mahadevappa Asha , Raghavan Vanisri H. , Ravishankar Sunila , Manjunath Gubbanna V.
Published: April 2012

Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face is a rare lesion that comprises a subgroup of lipomatous tumor-like lesions of infancy and childhood. It is characterized by (1) no encapsulation, (2) diffuse infiltration of mature adipose tissue over normal muscle fiber and surrounding structures of face, (3) osseous hyperplasia of subjacent bone, and (4) a high recurrence rate. We report a case of a nine-month-old infant who presented with swelling over right face since birth. Early diagnosis of this lesion provides better surgical approach to control the infiltrative nature of its growth with recurrence and aesthetic appearance.
Increasing Role of Roof Gutters asAedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae) Breeding Sites in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) and Consequences on Dengue Transmission and Vector Control
Authors: Gustave Joël , Fouque Florence , Cassadou Sylvie , Leon Lucie , Anicet Gabriel , Ramdini Cédric , Sonor Fabrice
Published: April 2012

During the past ten years, the islands of Guadeloupe (French West Indies) are facing dengue epidemics with increasing numbers of cases and fatal occurrences. The vectorAedes aegyptiis submitted to intensive control, with little effect on mosquito populations. The hypothesis that importantAe. aegyptibreeding sites are not controlled is investigated herein. For that purpose, the roof gutters of 123 houses were systematically investigated, and the percentage of gutters positive forAe. aegyptivaried from 17.2% to 37.5%, from humid to dry locations. In the dryer location, most of houses had no other breeding sites. The results show that roof gutters are becoming the most importantAe. aegyptibreeding sites in some locations in Guadeloupe, with consequences on dengue transmission and vector control.
Necessary Conditions for Optimal Control of Forward-Backward Stochastic Systems with Random Jumps
Authors: Shi Jingtao
Published: April 2012

This paper deals with the general optimal control problem for fully coupled forward-backward
stochastic differential equations with random jumps (FBSDEJs). The control domain is not assumed to be convex, and the control variable appears in both diffusion and jump coefficients of the forward equation. Necessary conditions of Pontraygin's type for the optimal controls are derived by means of spike variation technique and Ekeland variational principle. A linear quadratic stochastic optimal control problem is discussed as an illustrating example.
Development of a Nondestructive Impulse Device and Damage Model for Unreinforced Concrete
Authors: Boone Shane D. , Barr Paul J. , Bay James A. , Halling Marvin W.
Published: April 2012

Unconstrained compression waves were measured using a newly developed, nondestructive, short impulse excitation device developed for long-term structural health monitoring. The measurements, using this innovative device, were used to determine the variation in the first longitudinal modal frequency as a function of loading magnitude and loading cycles to failure of various concrete mixes. Longitudinal frequency and cumulative energy variations were found to be a function of concrete compressive strength. These results imply that higher-strength concrete more easily absorbs energy and restricts the growth of microcracks. Based on the results, a new damage model is proposed that was shown to correlate with measured values to within 7%. This proposed model was found to have a closer correlation than Miner’s hypothesis and damage index models from other reviewed research.
Characterization and Modeling of DHBT in InP/GaAsSb Technology for the Design and Fabrication of a Ka Band MMIC Oscillator
Authors: Laurent S. , Nallatamby J. C. , Prigent M. , Riet M. , Nodjiadjim V.
Published: April 2012

This paper presents the design of an MMIC oscillator operating at a 38 GHz frequency. This circuit was fabricated by the III–V Lab with the new InP/GaAsSb Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (DHBT) submicronic technology (We=700 nm). The transistor used in the circuit has a 15 μm long two-finger emitter. This paper describes the complete nonlinear modeling of this DHBT, including the cyclostationary modeling of its low frequency (LF) noise sources. The specific interest of the methodology used to design this oscillator resides in being able to choose a nonlinear operating condition of the transistor from an analysis in amplifier mode. The oscillator simulation and measurement results are compared. A 38 GHz oscillation frequency with 8.6 dBm output power and a phase noise of −80 dBc/Hz at 100 KHz offset from carrier have been measured.
Bioguided Fractionation ShowsCassia alataExtract to InhibitStaphylococcus epidermidisandPseudomonas aeruginosaGrowth and Biofilm Formation
Authors: Saito Samuel Takashi , Trentin Danielle da Silva , Macedo Alexandre José , Pungartnik Cristina , Gosmann Grace , Silveira Jaqueline de Deos , Guecheva Temenouga Nikolova , Henriques João Antonio Pêgas , Brendel Martin
Published: April 2012

Plant extracts have a long history to be used in folk medicine.Cassia alataextracts are known to exert antibacterial activity but details on compounds and mechanism of action remain poorly explored. We purified and concentrated the aqueous leaf extract ofC. alataby reverse phase-solid phase extraction and screened the resulting CaRP extract for antimicrobial activity. CaRP extract exhibited antimicrobial activity forPseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus epidermidis,S. aureus, andBacillus subtilis. CaRP also inhibited biofilm formation ofS. epidermidisandP. aeruginosa. Several bacterial growth-inhibiting compounds were detected when CaRP extract was fractionated by TLC chromatography coupled to bioautography agar overlay technique. HPLC chromatography of CaRP extract yielded 20 subfractions that were tested by bioautography for antimicrobial activity againstS. aureusandS. epidermidis. Five bioactive fractions were detected and chemically characterized, using high-resolution mass spectrometry (qTOF-MS/MS). Six compounds from four fractions could be characterized as kaempferol, kaempferol-O-diglucoside, kaempferol-O-glucoside, quercetin-O-glucoside, rhein, and danthron. In theSalmonella/microsome assay CaRP showed weak mutagenicity (MI<3) only in strain TA98, pointing to a frameshift mutation activity. These results indicate thatC. alataleaf extract contains a minimum of 7 compounds with antimicrobial activity and that these together or as single substance are active in preventing formation of bacterial biofilm, indicating potential for therapeutic applications.
Molecular Mechanism of Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Central Role of Glutathione in Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species and Methylglyoxal and in Heavy Metal Chelation
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Anwar , Piyatida Pukclai , da Silva Jaime A. Teixeira , Fujita Masayuki
Published: April 2012

Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is one of the major abiotic stresses leading to hazardous effects in plants. A common consequence of HM toxicity is the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG), both of which can cause peroxidation of lipids, oxidation of protein, inactivation of enzymes, DNA damage and/or interact with other vital constituents of plant cells. Higher plants have evolved a sophisticated antioxidant defense system and a glyoxalase system to scavenge ROS and MG. In addition, HMs that enter the cell may be sequestered by amino acids, organic acids, glutathione (GSH), or by specific metal-binding ligands. Being a central molecule of both the antioxidant defense system and the glyoxalase system, GSH is involved in both direct and indirect control of ROS and MG and their reaction products in plant cells, thus protecting the plant from HM-induced oxidative damage. Recent plant molecular studies have shown that GSH by itself and its metabolizing enzymes—notably glutathioneS-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II—act additively and coordinately for efficient protection against ROS- and MG-induced damage in addition to detoxification, complexation, chelation and compartmentation of HMs. The aim of this review is to integrate a recent understanding of physiological and biochemical mechanisms of HM-induced plant stress response and tolerance based on the findings of current plant molecular biology research.
Evaluation of Factors Affecting Continuous Performance Test Identical Pairs Version Score of Schizophrenic Patients in a Japanese Clinical Sample
Authors: Koide Takayoshi , Aleksic Branko , Kikuchi Tsutomu , Banno Masahiro , Kohmura Kunihiro , Adachi Yasunori , Kawano Naoko , Iidaka Tetsuya , Ozaki Norio
Published: April 2012

Aim. Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia strongly relates to social outcome and is a good candidate for endophenotypes. When we accurately measure drug efficacy or effects of genes or variants relevant to schizophrenia on cognitive impairment, clinical factors that can affect scores on cognitive tests, such as age and severity of symptoms, should be considered. To elucidate the effect of clinical factors, we conducted multiple regression analysis using scores of the Continuous Performance Test Identical Pairs Version (CPT-IP), which is often used to measure attention/vigilance in schizophrenia.Methods. We conducted the CPT-IP (4-4 digit) and examined clinical information (sex, age, education years, onset age, duration of illness, chlorpromazine-equivalent dose, and Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores) in 126 schizophrenia patients in Japanese population. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of clinical factors.Results. Age, chlorpromazine-equivalent dose, and PANSS-negative symptom score were associated with mean d′score in patients. These three clinical factors explained about 28% of the variance in mean d′score.Conclusions. As conclusion, CPT-IP score in schizophrenia patients is influenced by age, chlorpromazine-equivalent dose and PANSS negative symptom score.
Lactate-Induced IL-8 Pathway in Endothelial Cells—Letter
Authors: Pinheiro Céline , Longatto-Filho Adhemar , Nogueira Rosete , Schmitt Fernando , Baltazar Fátima
Published: April 2012

Végran and colleagues proposed a model in which the lactate released from tumor cells through MCT4 would be taken up by endothelial cells via the MCT1 transporter and stimulate angiogenesis, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as model of tumor endothelial cells. By analyzing a total of 505 cases of human tumor samples immunostained for MCT1, we do not confirm plasma membrane expression of MCT1 in the endothelial cells of tumor-associated vessels. Cancer Res; 72(7); 1901–2. ©2012 AACR.
Preexisting MEK1 Exon 3 Mutations in V600E/K
BRAF Melanomas Do Not Confer Resistance to BRAF Inhibitors
Authors: Shi Hubing , Moriceau Gatien , Kong Xiangju , Koya Richard C. , Nazarian Ramin , Pupo Gulietta M. , Bacchiocchi Antonella , Dahlman Kimberly B. , Chmielowski Bartosz , Sosman Jeffrey A. , Halaban Ruth , Kefford Richard F. , Long Georgina V. , Ribas Antoni , Lo Roger S.
Published: April 2012

BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) induce antitumor responses in nearly 60% of patients with advanced V600E/KBRAF melanomas. Somatic activating MEK1 mutations are thought to be rare in melanomas, but their potential concurrence with V600E/KBRAF may be selected for by BRAFi. We sequenced MEK1/2 exon 3 in melanomas at baseline and upon disease progression. Of 31 baseline V600E/KBRAF melanomas, 5 (16%) carried concurrent somatic BRAF/MEK1 activating mutations. Three of 5 patients with BRAF/MEK1 double-mutant baseline melanomas showed objective tumor responses, consistent with the overall 60% frequency. No MEK1 mutation was found in disease progression melanomas, except when it was already identified at baseline. MEK1-mutant expression in V600E/KBRAF melanoma cell lines resulted in no significant alterations in p-ERK1/2 levels or growth-inhibitory sensitivities to BRAFi, MEK1/2 inhibitor (MEKi), or their combination. Thus, activating MEK1 exon 3 mutations identified herein and concurrent with V600E/KBRAF do not cause BRAFi resistance in melanoma. Cancer Discov; 2(5); 414–24. ©2012 AACR.

Significance: As BRAF inhibitors gain widespread use for treatment of advanced melanoma, biomarkers for drug sensitivity or resistance are urgently needed. We identify here concurrent activating mutations in BRAF and MEK1 in melanomas and show that the presence of a downstream mutation in MEK1 does not necessarily make BRAF–mutant melanomas resistant to BRAF inhibitors.

Read the Commentary on this article by Paraiso and Smalley, p. 390.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 377.
The Symposium and Platonic Ethics: Plato, Vlastos, and a Misguided Debate
Authors: Sheffield Frisbee
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Scholarship on theSymposiumis dominated by a debate on interpersonal love started by Gregory Vlastos in his article, ‘The Individual as an Object of Love in Plato.’ This paper argues that this debate is a misguided one, because it is not reflective of the central concerns of this text. Attention needs to be turned to the broader ethical questions posed about the ends of life, the nature of human happiness, and contemplation. Failure to do so will mean that theSymposiumcontinues to be eclipsed as a key resource in central debates in Platonic ethics.
Rewriting Abraham and Joseph
Authors: Whitenton Michael R.
Published: April 2012

Abstract

In the conclusion of his recent article “Acts and the Fragmentary Jewish Authors” (NovT 53 [2011] 22-51), C.R. Holladay suggested the need for further work in comparative hermeneutics in relation to the Acts of the Apostles. In response to Holladay’s call, this article explicates the use of Genesis in Acts 7:2-16 in light of the use of Genesis in select Jewish texts, from the LXX to those from the rabbinic period, focusing particularly, though not exclusively, on the impact of certain exegetical traditions found in Jubilees, Philo’s De Abrahamo, and Josephus’ Jewish Antiquities.
Which Criteria for Family 13 (f 13) Manuscripts? 1
Authors: Lafleur Didier
Published: April 2012

Abstract

For decades, Greek New Testament textual criticism has accepted Family 13 as a first order witness. Beyond the scholarly approval still remains the question of which criteria are—or are not—specific to determine if a manuscript is—or is not—a Family 13 member. In this way, the present paper focuses on five criteria: (1) the transfer of the pericope of the adulteress to a position after Luke 21:38; (2) the transfer of the pericope of the angel and the sweat like drops of blood from Luke 22:43-44 to a position after Matt 26:39; (3) the omission of the sign of the times (Matt 16:2a-3); (4) the hagiographical criteria; and (5) the “added material.” These textual features induced numerous scholars to add new members to Family 13. The paper sums up eleven manuscripts which were affiliated to the group but should not be considered as present members. In conclusion, even if the most important features of Family 13 manuscripts still remain the criteria as above described, we have to pay attention to the whole text.
Sexual signals of the Amazonian frog Allobates paleovarzensis: geographic variation and stereotypy of acoustic traits
Authors: Kaefer Igor Luis , Lima Albertina Pimentel
Published: April 2012

Because of its close relationship with the process of evolutionary differentiation, it is expected that geographic variability in acoustic sexual traits should be greater among than within populations. This is particularly expected in organisms with typically high population genetic structure and low dispersal abilities, such as anuran amphibians. We studied the acoustic traits of the advertisement call in the small-sized dendrobatoid frogAllobates paleovarzensisthrough its range in Central Amazonia. We accessed the variability of call traits from the within-male to the among-population levels, and evaluated the degree of stereotypy of the call characteristics. Call variability had comparable magnitudes within and among populations, and was independent of the degree of stereotypy of call measurements. Therefore, none of the call traits stood out as a potential cue for discrimination between populations. Spectral call measurements were static and strongly related with body size, which explained between 30 and 35% of the variation of these acoustic traits. Temporal characters of the notes were dynamic and influenced by environmental temperature (e.g., 27% of note rate variation), whilst temporal measurements of the entire calls were not related to the co-factors analysed. Both spectral and temporal call traits varied among populations and between sides of the Amazon River. Our results also indicate that body size and sampling site jointly affected the variability of the call traits. However, geographic distances among populations and the river barrier had no significant effect on the overall acoustic variation, indicating that local stabilising selective forces may be important in the process of call differentiation.
The role of male nest building in post-mating sexual selection in the monogamous red-necked grebe
Authors: Gąska Michał , Grela Przemysław , Kloskowski Janusz
Published: April 2012

In monogamous birds, early male parental effort, such as nest building, may serve as a post-mating sexually-selected display allowing female assessment of male quality. We examined the functional significance of male nest building and the potential role of nest size as a sexually-selected signal in the red-necked grebe (Podiceps grisegena), a species with high mate fidelity. Time-activity budgets showed that no behaviour was performed exclusively by one sex in the pre-laying period, but males spent significantly more time nest building and were more often involved in aggressive intra- and interspecific interactions. Nest building in pairs attempting a second brood was also performed predominantly by males. Greater participation in nest construction by males allowed females to allocate more time to self-maintenance activities in the period prior to egg-laying. The positive relationship found between the relative contribution of males to nest building and later to brood provisioning indicates that male nest building is an honest indicator of future paternal effort. Males obtained copulations solicited by females proportionally to the time spent on nest building, and the extent of male participation in nest construction was of importance for explaining variation in clutch size. Nest size itself is not very likely to be sexually selected in red-necked grebes, as it was found to depend on nest site conditions such as water depth and exposure to wave action. We suggest that greater investment of males in energetically demanding pre-laying activities is functionally similar to post-mating courtship feeding; it constitutes males’ indirect contribution to clutch production and may help to negotiate the relative investment each sex makes in the different stages of the breeding cycle. The results support the idea that, in monogamous birds, naturally selected male characters related to parental care may evolve into important sexual signals to females, although not into extreme displays.
The Independence of the Inter-American Judge
Authors: Ruiz-Chiriboga Oswaldo
Published: April 2012

Abstract

This article describes and analyzes several safeguards of the independence of the Inter-American judge. It concludes that the system enshrined in the American Convention on Human Rights, the Statute of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Court’s practice are not enough to guarantee the appearance of independence of the Court’s judges. The major problem is the process of nomination and election of judges. At both national and international levels the process is not clear, transparent, or accountable. Women and ethnic and cultural groups are underrepresented. Judges’ terms of office and the re-election possibilities should be revised. Lastly, some guidelines should be adopted in order to regulate judges’ outside activities, incompatibilities, and disqualifications. All these issues should by addressed by the Organization of American States, States Parties to the Convention, and the Court itself, and this article gives some recommendations in this respect.
Res, veluti per Machinas, Conficiatur: Natural History and the 'Mechanical' Reform of Natural Philosophy
Authors: Stewart Ian G.
Published: April 2012

This paper revisits Bacon's persistent 'mechanical' imagery by which he described the 'aid' through which the human mind would be rendered adequate to framing axioms about nature's processes and properties that underlie all natural phenomena. It argues that the role Bacon ascribed to his own insights into the properties and motions of matter is crucial for grasping such instrumental imagery, because his own writings—both methodological and natural historical—need to be read as themselves comprising, at least in incipient form, the very instruments of which they speak. From that reflexive standpoint, this paper in particular focuses on the 'aid' to the senses that his natural histories were to have offered under the interpretative guidance offered by the Novum organum and other works. The 'hypothetical' status to which Bacon is often thought to have accorded his own natural philosophical insights does not adequately take into account the transformative power Bacon thought these insights should have through his own writings. The fact that Bacon was keenly sensitive to the psychological effects of textual authority in his intellectual milieu prompts new reflection concerning how he intended his own texts to be read, and how we should read them.
Redefining the Role of Experiment in Bacon's Natural History: How Baconian was Descartes before Emerging from His Cocoon?
Authors: Giurgea Mădălina , Georgescu Laura
Published: April 2012

In this article we argue that the views that Francis Bacon and René Descartes held about the role of experiments in the process of discovery are closer than previously accepted. Looking at the way experiments and the heuristics of experimentation are embedded in Bacon's posthumous History of Dense and Rare and Descartes' Discourses 8, 9, 10 of the Meteorology, we will show that experiments help the investigator both in solving specific problems that could not have otherwise been foreseen and in generating relevant information that advances the scope of the investigation.
Francis Bacon's Natural History and the Senecan Natural Histories of Early Modern Europe
Authors: Jalobeanu Dana
Published: April 2012

At various stages in his career, Francis Bacon claimed to have reformed and changed traditional natural history in such a way that his new “natural and experimental history” was unlike any of its ancient or humanist predecessors. Surprisingly, such claims have gone largely unquestioned in Baconian scholarship. Contextual readings of Bacon's natural history have compared it, so far, only with Plinian or humanist natural history. This paper investigates a different form of natural history, very popular among Bacon's contemporaries, but yet unexplored by contemporary students of Bacon's works. I have provisionally called this form of natural history 'Senecan' natural history, partly because it took shape in the Neo-Stoic revival of the sixteenth-century, partly because it originates in a particular cosmographical reading of Seneca's Naturales quaestiones. I discuss in this paper two examples of Senecan natural history: the encyclopedic and cosmographical projects of Pierre de la Primaudaye (1546–1619) and Samuel Purchas (1577–1626). I highlight a number of similarities between these two projects and Francis Bacon's natural history, and argue that Senecan natural history forms an important aspect in the historical and philosophical background that needs to be taken into consideration if we want to understand the extent to which Bacon's project to reform natural history can be said to be new.
Aπαθεια and Πρ&ogr;παθειαι in Early Modern Discussions of the Passions: Stoicism, Christianity and Natural History
Authors: Kraye Jill
Published: April 2012

This paper examines the reception of the Stoic theory of the passions in the early modern period, highlighting various differences between the way notions such as απαθεια (complete freedom from passions) and πρ&ogr;παθειαι (pre-passions) were handled and interpreted by Continental and English authors. Both groups were concerned about the compatibility of Stoicism with Christianity, but came to opposing conclu- sions; and while the Continental scholars drew primarily on ancient philosophical texts, the English ones relied, in addition, on experience and observation, developing a natural history of the passions.
John Abernethy: Calvinist Natural Histories of the Soul in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Andersson Daniel C.
Published: April 2012

This paper looks at the relation of natural history, in its guise as an observational genre and one which tended to offer competing explanations of its phenomena, to the discourse of practical divinity. Natural history is here intended as a genre in which the practice of observation is accorded a significant place and a genre which lends itself to the accumulation of competing explanatory accounts of the phenomena ('polycausal'). In particular, it examines the relation of the cognitive and the practical with respect to a rather unusual instance of that discourse. It attempts to site the work of practical divinity vertically (to its own tradition), horizontally (to the local contexts of John Abernethy) and orthogonally (to the Baconian project of descriptive enquiry as a basis for philosophical enquiry).
Group Rights and Group Agency
Authors: Preda Adina
Published: April 2012

On some theories of rights, such as the Choice theory, only agents can have moral rights. The realm of right-holders thus excludes several potential candidates, among which are young children, mentally incapacitated persons, and groups since these are thought to lack the required degree of agency. This paper argues that groups can be right-holders. The argument comes in three steps: first, it is argued that full-blown or autonomous agency is not required for the possession of Choice theory rights, second, that groups can be seen as agents, albeit in a limited sense, and third, that groups can make irreducibly collective choices in spite of their limited agency. The upshot of this argument is that groups can have rights, provided that they are organized around a coherent decision-making procedure; furthermore, this account can be employed to argue that other creatures of limited agency are possible right-holders.
CHARLES BOURGEOIS (1759-1832), HIS ANTINEWTONIAN COLOUR THEORY AND THE RECONCILEMENT OF ART AND SCIENCE
Authors: MERTENS JOOST
Published: April 2012

title ABSTRACT /title Between 1810 and 1825, Charles Bourgeois (1759-1832), miniaturist, pigment manufacturer and physicist, developed a colour optics that defied both the Newtonian view of the composite nature of white light and the widely accepted strict separation between science and the arts. In this paper four themes are discussed: the general rules of colour mixing and the resulting three-dimensional colour space CEI (Couleur, Excdent, Intensit); Bourgeois' theory of light as a vehicle for non-luminous colours; His attempt at disproving Newton's central principle of the unequal refrangibility of different colours; and his relation, or rather non-relation, with the Royal Academy of Sciences which considered Bourgeois' theory of light a piece of nonsense.
L'MERGENCE D'UNE TECHNO-SCIENCE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT OCANIQUE (1860-1914)
Authors: LOCHER FABIEN
Published: April 2012

title ABSTRACT /title In the second half of the XIX century, one attends the emergence of a techno-science of the oceanic environment. We will consider one of the aspects of this emergence, by studying the program of wind cartography organized within the Depot des cartes et plans of the French Navy. We will analyze the practices, discourses, and epistemological standards at work in this context. We will consider particularly the action of naval officer Leon Brault (1839-1885). The new oceanographical and meteorological approaches of the second half of the century will seem to us strongly marked by the material and intellectual culture of industrial modernity.
AN 'ABSTRUSE' DOCTRINE: THE HISTORICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING OF EINSTEIN'S RELATIVITY IN FEDERIGO ENRIQUES
Authors: TOSCANO MARCO
Published: April 2012

title ABSTRACT /title The aim of this article is to analyse the epistemological and historical interpretation that Federigo Enriques offered about Einstein's relativity. In the first part, we will point out the importance, in Enriques' thought, of the mathematical and philosophical concept of space in order to consider relativity as a link between physics and geometry. We will show how Einstein's theory constituted, for Enriques, the proof of the same empirical nature of geometry and physics. The second part is dedicated to the historical roots of relativity. Enriques identified in Parmenides' philosophy, and in its movement's existence denial, the first formulation of the relativity concept. At the end we will show how epistemological and historical points of view on relativity are complementary in Enriques' analysis, and allow a reciprocal comprehension.
ADDITAMENTA GALILAEANA
Authors: BALDINI UGO
Published: April 2012

title SUMMARY /title This second article of the series ADDITAMENTA GALILAEANA continues in the intention of providing new material on Galileo and on the repercussions of his ideas. It presents the texts of two letters of the Elector Ernest of Bavaria to Christoph Grienberger, as well as the correspondence between this Jesuit and a personality new to Galileian studies, Ricardo de Burgo. Various parts of this series of papers (dating to the years 1611-1620) offer new information or document conceptual situations formerly unsuspected or of a controversial nature.
LIST OF OLD GLOBES IN PORTUGAL
Authors: REIS ANTONIO ESTACIO DOS
Published: April 2012

title RIASSUNTO /title Su invito della Societ Coronelli di Vienna, l'autore ha steso l'elenco dei globi antichi conservati in Portogallo. Dopo tre anni di ricerche nei musei, negli osservatori astronomici, negli archivi, nelle biblioteche ed in altre collezioni pubbliche e private, ha scoperto 96 globi costruiti fra il XVII secolo e la fine del XIX. Si sottolinea l'importanza di queste liste per richiamare l'attenzione dei proprietari dei globi sulla necessit di proteggerli dai loro peggiori nemici: il degrado derivante dal tempo e, di uguale se non di maggior importanza, il danno provocato dall'incuria dell'uomo.
GIOACCHINO TADDEI, 1792-1860
Authors: ANTONIOTTI PAOLA
Published: April 2012

 SUMMARY
Taddei's image is linked to that branch of scientific research that was born in the first half of the nineteenth century, from the interaction of chemistry and physiology. Taddei's studies were a such and so many that it is difficult to put them into a specific branch of research. His works concerning relation of live and inanimate nature become in scientific terms the study of the interaction of organic and inorganic substances. Taddei graduated in medicine and immediately began his research in chemistry at the Accademia of Georgofili. The first works were about the composition of manure and the relation between these and the composition of soil and plants. The studies about glutin are linked to the researches on the chemical composition of foods. His work concerning wheat meal and cereals brought Taddei to discover two distinct substances, « gloiodina » and « zimoma », in the glutin. During his research on glutin and about the possibility of some mercury salts breaking the fermentation of the meals, he observed some interesting phenomena that shifted his attention to toxicology. The interest of Taddei not only about pure science but applied science too, allowed him to obtain results recognized both in Italy and in foreign countries. His researches concerning glutin led him to discover in that substance the property to operate as an antidote towards a dreadful poison: the corrosive sublimate. Taddei's glutin became the best antidote towards the corrosive sublimate after the albumen of Orfila (considered the phomoter of Toxicology). The controversy about the effectiveness of these antidotes is linked to the treatment of a very diffuse disease, syphilis. The syphilitic disease had been treated for many years with drugs containing the corrosive sublimate and the major part of the patient were poisoned by this substance.
PER UN ARCHIVIO DELLA CORRISPONDENZA DEGLI SCIENZIATI ITALIANI
Authors: CONTARDI SIMONE
Published: April 2012

 SUMMARY
The purpose of the present paper is the publication of the index of Giovanni Gualberto De Soria's manuscript, from the Biblioteca Labronica F. Guerrazzi in Leghorn, Raccolta di lettere di G. G. De Soria. The author emphasizes the cultural relations instaured by De Soria with the Tuscan scientific and political milieu during the decline of the Medicean dinasty, and the subsequent rule of the Lorena family. This correspondence, which covers the years 1744 to 1764, offers an important testimony for the history of scientific thought in early eighteenth century Italy, from the discussion on the most important biological theories of the time to the analysis of geological doctrines, and the discussion by De Soria of his own work in geometry.
SUL FILO DELLE ACQUE
Authors: MAFFIOLI CESARE S
Published: April 2012

 SUMMARY
This article wishes to demonstrate the importance of several areas of scientific research, until now neglected, and their relevance to Italian physical sciences in the age between Galileo and Volta. The science of waters, which joined the cluster of the new Galilean sciences in the seventeenth century in particular deserves greater attention if we are to understand the scientific traditions developed South of the Alps. This science represented an extension of the Galilean science of motion in an engineering context, a development that concerned both mathematical and experimental theories. This development took place in the border area between the physical and the mathematical sciences, and also involved the medical and naturalistic traditions. This line of tought led the Italian physical scientists to discover both new fields of research and new forms of social support, and hence overcome the crisis that followed the end of the historic Medicis patronage.
FISICA E «FILOSOFIA NATURALE» IN RIEMANN
Authors: TAZZIOLI ROSSANA
Published: April 2012

 SUMMARY
The aim of many eighteenth century «natural philosophers» - cartesians, leibnizians and newtonians - was to formulate a theory able to explain the propagation of physical phenomena. They conceived the universe as being filled with an incompressible fluid (ether) whose deformations allowed for the transmission of forces through spaces. These attempts continued throughout the nineteenth century.Riemann's writings on «Naturphilosophie», dating most probably from 1853-54, can be regarded in this context as a search for a unified explanation of physical phenomena. In these writings Riemann studies the state of a single particle of ether, and analyses locally the space around it. The passage from «local» to «global» constitutes the research method adopted by Riemann in his famous Inauguraldissertation (1851) and Habilitationsschrift (1854a), and in other papers on the propagation of electricity within a body (1854b, 1857a, 1876c). From this point of view it is possible to include Riemann's mathematical and physical writings, apparently fragmentary, in a wide-ranging research program (never brought to conclusion), which leads to the formulation of an unified theory of physical doctrines.
THE PRINTER'S COPY OF COMMANDINO'S TRANSLATION OF ARCHIMEDES, 1558
Authors: NEVILLE PAMELA
Published: April 2012

 RIASSUNTO
Un manoscritto venuto recentemente alla luce a Londra rappresenta un legame importante tra gli studi rinascimentali della matematica greca e la nascita dell'algebra moderna. Il manoscritto è composto da 3 parti. La prima è la copia del tipografo per la prima edizione della traduzione dell'Archimede eseguita da Federico Commandino e pubblicata da Paolo Manuzio a Venezia nel 1558. Il documento porta le correzioni e le istruzioni manoscritte del Commandino per il tipografo. Nei margini sono incollate 41 figure geometriche incise, prove per l'edizione a stampa. La seconda parte contiene una raccolta di note e lettere, tutte riguardanti problemi di geometria e di matematica. Otto dei fogli potrebbero essere stati scritti dall'allievo del Commandino, Guidobaldo dal Monte. L'ultima parte, con ogni probabilità scritta nella Francia del nord durante la prima parte del diciassettesimo secolo, è strettamente collegata alle ricerche matematiche di François Viète. Il testo, apparentemente il lavoro di un allievo, tratta i vari argomenti della « nuova algebra» e cita l'opera di Viète. Questo volume appartenne per un certo periodo alla Biblioteca Albani. Infatti, il primo foglio del testo di Archimede porta lo stemma di Giovanni Francesco Albani (papa Clemente XI). Nel diciannovesimo secolo, invece, entrò a far parte della collezione di Baldassarre Boncompagni Ludovisi.
LA MUSICA NELLA FILOSOFIA NATURALE DEL SEICENTO IN ITALIA
Authors: GOZZA PAOLO
Published: April 2012

 SUMMARY
The leit-motiv of the present description of the relationship between music and natural philosophy in Italy in the seventeenth century is a recurrent theme: the mathematical or « Pythagorean » approach to music as opposed to the experimental or « Aristoxenian » approach. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this opposition, rendered pertinent by the cultural transformations that accompanied the consolidation of modern science, gained in complexity and took on original forms and meanings. The present paper, in the first instance, outlines the major traditions of classical musical thought and its medieval heritage. Secondly, it provides a survey of the more significant attempts at renewing musical theory that were carried out during the second half of the Cinquecento in the light of the Italian renaissance of mathematics of the XV and XVI centuries. It continues with an examination of the musical ideas of Galileo and offers a primary documentation of the interest displayed by representatives of the Galilean school in the science of sound during the first half of the Seicento.Finally it discusses, for the first time, the theories of sound of F. M. Grimaldi and D. Bartoli and the musical doctrines of P. Mengoli within the framework of the principal philosophical elements of Italian culture between 1660 and 1680.
GERMAN-SOVIET CO-OPERATION IN SCIENCE: THE CASE OF THE LABORATORY FOR RACIAL RESARCH, 1931-1938
Authors: WEINDLING PAUL
Published: April 2012

 RIASSUNTO
Anche se contatti fra sostenitori tedeschi e sovietici della eugenetica durante gli anni venti sono stati documentati, è stato dato per scontato che questi contatti si siano interrotti entro il 1930. Questo articolo esamina l'attività di un laboratorio tedesco-sovietico per la ricerca razziale che è finora sfuggito all'attenzione degli storici. Il laboratorio fu fondato da scienziati tedeschi quando la Germania stava tentando di stabilire contatti commerciali ed economici con l'Unione Sovietica. La ricerca riguardava soprattutto la patologia comparativa e l'anatomia del cervello. Il laboratorio ricevette il sostegno di scienziati attivi a Mosca, in Caucasia e nella Transcaucasia. Ragioni diplomatiche spiegano la sopravvivenza dell'Istituto.
L'EMPLOI DES OBJECTIFS ITALIENS L'OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS LA FIN DU 17me SICLE
Authors: GRILLOT SOLANGE
Published: April 2012

title RIASSUNTO /title Dopo Galileo il cielo pu essere osservato con strumenti ottici. Nel corso del XVII sec. nasce e si sviluppa l'ottica astronomica, sfruttando fino all'estremo le possibilit offerte da obiettivi costituiti da una sola lente. La produzione qualitativamente pi alta quella di vetrai e ottici italiani. La notoriet di uno di questi, Giuseppe Campani, mostra chiaramente che i suoi pretesi segreti di fabbricazione erano soltanto una leggenda. In realt, egli doveva il successo soltanto alla sua ingegnosit, pazienza e alla severa eliminazione dei prodotti imperfetti. Fu proprio Campani a fornire a J.-D. Cassini quelle lenti che, in Italia prima, all'Osservatorio di Parigi poi, permisero a quest'ultimo di compiere le sue scoperte, dovute anche, e in gran parte, all'abilit e tenacia dell'osservatore. Infatti, i telescopi aerei o ?CTRLerr type="1" mess="Doute Cars isoles avec recollage" ?telescopi senza tubo erano difficilissimi da usare a causa delle loro dimensioni legate al problema della riduzione dell'aberrazione cromatica. La difficolt di impiego era tale da impedire ogni scoperta: solo un secolo pi tardi, con l'impiego dei telescopi riflettori, gli sforzi riprenderanno e le scoperte saranno nuovamente possibili.
HISTORIC AND CRITICAL COMMENT ON THE RISPOSTA OF R. J. BOSCOVICH TO A PARAGRAPH IN A LETTER BY PRINCE KAUNITZ
Authors: PROVERBIO EDOARDO
Published: April 2012

title RIASSUNTO /title Nel novembre 1769 R. J. Boscovich venne chiamato da Pavia ad insegnare Astronomia e Ottica presso le scuole Palatine di Milano. Nel periodo 1769-1771 egli intensific la sua attivit di ricerca nel campo dell'astronomia e dell'ottica all'Osservatorio di Brera da lui progettato. Sulla fine del 1771 il governo di Vienna, nell'ambito del piano di ristrutturazione dell'insegnamento universitario a Pavia e a ?CTRLerr type="1" mess="Doute Cars isoles avec recollage" ?Milano avanz alcune osservazioni riguardo il funzionamento dell'Osservatorio di Brera. Tali osservazioni suscitarono non poca perplessit, in particolare in Jerome Lalande, assiduo corrispondente del Boscovich. Boscovich rispose a queste osservazioni con un lungo memoriale rimasto praticamente ignoto sino al 1927. La Risposta del Boscovich al Principe Kaunitz costituisce un documento importante per le informazioni sull'attivit svolta dal Boscovich e dagli astronomi della Specola di Brera in un momento particolarmente significativo per la storia di questa istituzione. Viene presentata una nuova edizione critica della Risposta corredata da ampi commenti e annotazioni.
SCIENCE AND THE SECULARISATION OF KNOWLEDGE: PERSPECTIVES ON SOME EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: BROOKE JOHN HEDLEY
Published: April 2012

 RIASSUNTO
Il presente articolo intende mettere in luce la complessità dei legami tra l'innovazione scientifica ed il progresso sociale abitualmente indicato dal termine « secolarizzazione ». Vengono delineati i contrasti tra Boyle e Priestley, tra Newton e Laplace, tra Burnet e Hutton, tra Ray e Lamarck, allo scopo di illustrare le trasformazioni concettuali compiute durante l'illuminismo. Ogni trasformazione rappresenta ciò che potremmo chiamare una secolarizzazione della conoscenza. L'autore sostiene, comunque, che va stabilita una distinzione critica tra la secolarizzazione interna alla scienza e la scienza come agente della secolarizzazione. L'importanza di tale distinzione è manifesta se si sottolineano le seguenti considerazioni: 1) non vi è polarità semplice tra sacro e « secolare », profano, nelle reazioni all'innovazione scientifica; 2) diversi significati religiosi possono venire attribuiti alla nuova scienza; 3) le scienze molto spesso non fanno altro che mettere in luce conflitti metafisici preesistenti; 4) in quanto risorsa nelle polemiche teologiche, le scienze possono addirittura riflettere, piuttosto che causare, attitudini profane. Riferendosi a studi recenti di Funkenstein, Buckley e Brockliss, l'argomentazione si conclude con il commento di fatti profondamente ironici rilevabili nei legami storici tra scienza illuministica e religione.
LA CLASSIFICAZIONE DEGLI STRUMENTI SCIENTIFICI
Authors: D'AGOSTINO SALVO
Published: April 2012

 SUMMARY
Some guiding ideas in the classification of historical scientific instruments are presented, with the aim of specifying usefull selectioncriteria for the exhibition in a scientific museum and historiography for the historian of physics. Classification criteria should be founded on the examination of structural features which belong to the instrument per se and to the modes in which it has been used in meaningful experiments. Examples are given in the history of some nineteenth century Electrometers. Some tools for a meaningful historiography of instruments are indicated in Information Theory.
NOTE SULLA FORMAZIONE DEL LESSICO DELLA METAFORA MACHINA MUNDI
Authors: BARONCINI GABRIELE
Published: April 2012

title SUMMARY /title It is a commonly held belief that the classical world not only failed to develop mechanism but that it did not even possess a lexical and conceptual equivalent to the modern metaphor of the machina mundi. On the other hand the ancient world's familiarity with a wide variety of mechanisms is well known and this can be seen in Platonic and Aristotelian lexis. This present essay proposes to reformulate the judgement regarding the absence of a general notion of the machine in the classical world and its correspondent metaphorical use in the light of the specific forms of metaphorical exchange which the philosophical and scientific thought of the ancients placed between naturalia and artificialia. In this perspective the absence of the modern metaphor appears to be compensated for in a way by the contiguous of natural demiurgy (natura opifex); a diffuse presence which utilizes the subjective aspect of projecting demiurgy as an intertechnical metaphor. In the pseudo-Aristotelian De mundo the typically modern connection between artificialist and legal metaphor comes to the surface. Besides, the world machine of the modern age was to lose its traditional semantical ties with the demiurgical machinatio only in the late eighteenth century. A more objective meaning of machina made headway in Latin culture and the term was proposed as a common name for mechanical apparatus. The new theological interest in patristics then gave the demiurgical metaphor a tendency towards the radical denaturalization of worldliness, which was particularly evident in Lattanzio.