bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D montmorillonite aerogel/SA composite phase change materials with mechanically strong strength and superior thermal energy storage performances
Authors: Qin Lei , Guo Cong , Guo Qijing , Yi Hao , Jia Feifei
Published: September 2023

Phase change materials (PCMs), which have the ability of absorbing and releasing thermal energy in phase change process, are one of the most reliable materials for thermal energy storage. In this work, stearic acid (SA) used as PCMs were filled into the three-dimensional interconnected montmorillonite (Mt) aerogel to construct composite PCMs (3D-Mt/SA CPCMs) with good shape stability and high mechanical strength. Owing to the super porosity, the CPCMs can encapsulate a large amount of SA and result in the phase change enthalpy as high as 183 J/g. In addition, due to the surface tension and capillary forces of 3D-Mt aerogels, the SA were confined in the pore structure tightly, leading to excellent structural stability and good cycling performances during continuous solid-to-liquid phase change. Results also showed that the prepared 3D-Mt/SA CPCMs can withstand a weight of 500 g without any deformation, and the loads are as high as 1.01 and 13.81 MPa under 55% and 80% deformation, respectively. With high heat storage capacity, good thermal stability, and excellent mechanical strength, the prepared 3D-Mt/SA CPCMs have great application potential in the field of thermal energy storage.
Treatment of Naturally Occurring Tendon Disease with Allogeneic Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Randomized, Controlled, Triple-Blinded Pilot Study in Horses
Authors: Burk Janina , Wittenberg-Voges Liza , Schubert Susanna , Horstmeier Carolin , Brehm Walter , Geburek Florian
Published: September 2023

Treatment of tendinopathies with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a promising option in equine and human medicine. However, conclusive clinical evidence is lacking. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into clinical treatment efficacy and to identify suitable outcome measures for larger clinical studies.
Fifteen horses with early naturally occurring tendon disease were assigned to intralesional treatment with allogeneic adipose-derived MSCs suspended in serum or with serum alone by block randomization (dosage adapted to lesion size). Clinicians and horse owners remained blinded to the treatment during 12 months (7 horses per group) and 18 months (7 MSC- and 5 control-group horses) of follow-up including clinical examinations and diagnostic imaging.
Clinical inflammation-, lameness- and ultrasonography scores improved more over time in the MSC-group. The lameness score difference significantly improved in the MSC- compared to the control-group after 6 months. In the MSC-group, 5 out of 7 horses were free of re-injuries and back to training until 12 and 18 months. In the control-group, 3 out of 7 horses were free of re-injuries until 12 months.
These results suggest that MSCs are effective for treatment of early phase tendon disease and provide a basis for a larger controlled study.
Surface Morphology and Human Osteoblast Response of 316L Stainless Steel after Various Surface Treatments
Authors: Hsiao Vincent K. S. , Lin Yan-Cheng , Wu Hsi-Chin , Wu Tair-I
Published: September 2023

In this study, we investigated the effects of three surface treatment techniques on 316L stainless steel, low-temperature immersion corrosion, shot peening followed by immersion corrosion, and electrochemical corrosion. Surface alterations were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and α-step thin-film thickness profiling. Human osteoblast adhesion was evaluated using Liu’s stain and metallographic optical microscopy. The results revealed weak cell adhesion after low-temperature immersion and shot peening followed by immersion corrosion. By contrast, electrochemical corrosion, particularly with a high current density and low corrosive solution concentration, resulted in a uniformly corroded surface, thus promoting dense cell adhesion. All three techniques resulted in porous oxide layers. Overall, our experimental findings highlighted shot peening (1 kg/cm2 for 20 s) and electrochemical corrosion (0.5 M HCl) as effective processes. Electrochemical corrosion produced uniformly dense corrosion pits, whereas shot peening produced semicircular grooves with small corrosion pits, both favorable for cell adhesion. Electrochemical corrosion also yielded excellent cell adhesion, emphasizing its suitability for biomedical activity. We developed a process for creating a porous surface layer and thereby enhancing the cell adhesion to 316L stainless steel for potential biomedical implant applications.
Phytoplankton Life as an Indicator of the Reservoir Ecosystem State under the Influence of Thermal Pollution from the Electrical Power Plant in European North
Authors: Patova Elena , Shabalina Julia , Sivkov Michael , Barinova Sophia
Published: September 2023

Abstract: The species composition, the structure of phytoplankton communities, hydrochemical parameters in the artificial cooling reservoir of one of the largest thermal power plants (TPP) in the north-east of Europe in the Pechora River basin, Komi Republic were studied in the ice-open period in June and August. Altogether 81 species of algae and cyanobacteria was revealed with the last one predominated. Among cyanobacteria and algae (Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta), indicators of water quality were found. Assessment of water quality according to the species composition and abundance of indicator phytoplankton species showed that the waters of the Pechorskoe Reservoir can be at-tributed to the III class of water quality, beta-mesosaprobic self-purification zone, with water quality of satisfactory purity, retaining the ability to self-purify. An increase in the diversity of plankton communities and high values of their abundance and biomass under the influence of the warming effect of TPP water outlet were noted and revealed its spatial distribution over the reservoir surface. The plankton of the northern reservoir under the influence of warm waters indicates a slight in-crease in the trophic status of the studied water body, which is also confirmed by the data of hydrochemical analysis. Ecological mapping for the chemical and biological variables as well as pollution indices over the water area of the reservoir was carried out. The results obtained can be used to make forecasts of changes in the phototrophic biota of small northern water bodies under the conditions of climate change.
Efficacy of Biophotonics as a Therapeutic Adjunct in Resolving Microbial and Viral Infectious Illnesses
Authors: Tulp Orien L.
Published: September 2023

Discovery and development of effective strategies to treat emerging and often drug resistant strains of viral and microbial pathogens presents one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Despite nearly a century of progress in developments in antimicrobial and antiviral therapies, infectious diseases still account for a substantial proportion of deaths worldwide, including over 100 million globally in the recent pandemic to date. In recent decades, the plague of antimicrobial resistance also represents an additional and alarming signal for both human and animal healthcare and signals a renewed sense of urgency in addressing this issue. This has made the search for novel classes of antibiotics, antivirals and therapeutics found to be capable of bypassing the microbial and viral resistance mechanisms necessary to in order to replenish our current arsenal of antimicrobial and antiviral drugs and update our therapeutic regimens. In addition, the tremendous impact exerted by viral infections and related pathologies on our lives during the recent decade has forced scientists to acknowledge the opportunities and challenges associated with tackling infectious diseases by developing effective antiviral agents endowed with novel mechanisms of action. The discovery of new antimicrobial/antiviral agents, as well as the repurposing of existing drugs and therapeutic options will be crucial to fight the ever-increasing resistance of “superbugs”, pathogenic fungi, viruses, and parasites. Proponents of modern biophoton therapy proposed in this paper can trace its origins to the Russian scientist Alexander Gurwitsch, who a century ago observed ultra-weak emissions of light emerging from an onion root and soon found additional living tissues to be emanating similar energetic phenomena, thus energizing research which continues to the present day and projected toward the development of useful applications of the new-found biological photonic phenomena. The purpose of the present paper is to introduce the past experiences, potential applications and highly successful outcomes of biophotonic therapy as an option to treat infectious diseases including HIV, Hepatitis C, MRSA, and others, with emphasis on efficacy of using biophotonic therapies to treat and ameliorate the drug resistant variants of the above infectious agents, including potential applications for the current COVID-19 pandemic and in preparation for the emergence of the next epidemic or pandemic.
Oxygen Uptake Rate as an Indicator of the Substrates Utilized by Candidatus Accumulibacter
Authors: Dorofeev Alexander , Pelevina Anna , Nikolaev Yuri , Berestovskaya Yulia , Gruzdev Evgeny , Mardanov Andrey , Pimenov Nikolai
Published: September 2023

Candidatus Accumulibacter belongs to phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) which exhibit cyclic metabolism and are capable of intracellular polyphosphate accumulation and their hydrolysis under feast-famine anaerobic-aerobic cycling. In consortia of activated sludge microorganisms, these bacteria are responsible for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). The spectrum of the substrates used by Ca. Accumulibacter remains insufficiently studied. It was investigated by measuring the oxygen uptake rates (OUR) of Ca. Accumulibacter-enriched culture supplemented with 17 different organic substrates. The highest oxygen uptake rates values were observed in the presence of tryptone, volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), succinate, pyruvate, and amino acids (aspartate and glutamate). Phosphate dynamics in the medium under shifts from anaerobic to aerobic cultivation in batch experiments was studied for these compounds (except for tryptone). All tested substrates were shown to cause phosphate cycling (release in the anaerobic phase and uptake in the aerobic one), with OURs for the substrates correlating with the amount of phosphates consumed during the aerobic phase. It was concluded that OUR may be used as an indicator of the monosubstrates used by Ca. Accumulibacter in the anaerobic/aerobic cycle. The possible pathways for substrate transport and metabolism by Ca. Accumulibacter are discussed using the stoichiometric data and the results of metagenomic analysis.
Absorption-Translocation of Veterinary Antibiotics in Rice Plants Introduced with Irrigation Water
Authors: Cho Jae Young , Duong Van Hay , Seo Il-Hwan , Jeon Hee Su
Published: September 2023

Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) have been indiscriminately used in animal feed for the past five decades to increase and ensure profits with negligible environmental considerations. The VAs amoxicillin (AMX), chlortetracycline (CTC), and oxytetracycline (OTC), which can be unintentionally introduced by irrigation water during rice cultivation, were evaluated for their phytotoxic effects, absorption-translocation into plants, and soil residues using a randomized complete block design. It was found that exposure to VAs can severely affect the photosynthetic pathway of rice plants. The uptake and translocation of VAs by rice plants varied significantly. CTC and OTC translocated more easily than AMX, a member of the β-lactam class, which accumulated at the lowest concentration compared to CTC and OTC across all treatments. Rice yield was about 4.3 - 5.7% lower in the experimental plots that received fifty-fold the background levels of VAs compared to the control. The findings indicate that these widely used veterinary antibiotics can hamper crop production, leave residues in the soil, and constitute a risk to human health if introduced into the agro-ecosystem unintentionally.
Single Crystal Structure Analysis of Three Novel Iron(II) Coordination Polymers with Bridging 1,3,5-Tris(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene
Authors: Limon Aysenur , Jordan Dustin N. , Strothmann Till , Cuignet Laure P. , Garcia Yann , Janiak Christoph
Published: September 2023

Three novel iron(II) coordination polymers, [Fe(H2O)2(ttmb)2](ClO4)2·4H2O (1), [Fe(H2O)2(ttmb)2](BF4)2·4H2O (2), [Fe(ttmb)2(NCS)2] (3), were synthesized with the linker 1,3,5-tris(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene (ttmb). The single-crystal structures show that all three compounds form a double chain structure with the adjacent iron atoms being bridged by two ttmb linkers. The iron(II) ions are octahedrally surrounded by four N4 donor atom from the 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups of four different ttmb linkers which form an equatorial plane and two trans-coordinated aqua ligands in 1 and 2 or isothiocyanato ligands in 3 in the axial positions. In view of the neutral bridging ttmb linker, there is a counter-anion in all structures; uncoordinated ClO4– and BF4–in 1 and 2 or coordinated NCS–in 3. Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural. Interestingly, the ttmb linker only utilizes two of its three potentially coordinating triazole groups. All iron(II) coordination networks are colorless or have a light-yellow color, being indicative of the high-spin state.
R-PreNet: Deraining Network Based on Image Background Prior
Authors: Jiao Congyu , Meng Fanjie , Li Tingxuan , Cao Ying
Published: September 2023

Single image deraining (SID) has shown its importance in many advanced computer vision tasks. Though many CNN based image deraining methods have been proposed, how to effectively remove raindrops while maintaining background structure remains a challenge that needs to be overcome. Most of the deraining work focuses on removing rain streaks, but in heavy rain images, the dense accumulation of rainwater or the rain curtain effect significantly interferes with the effective removal of rain streaks, and often introduces some artifacts that make the scene more blurry. In this paper, we propose a new network structure R-PReNet for single image deraining with good background structure maintaining. This framework fully utilizes the cyclic recursive structure of PReNet. Moreover, we introduce residual channel prior (RCP) and feature fusion modules for better deraining performance by focusing on background feature information. Compared with the previous methods, our method has significantly improvement effect on the rainstorm image with the artifacts removing and good visual detail restoring.
Efficacy of Lemon Myrtle Essential Oil as a Bio-fungicide in Inhibiting Citrus Green Mould
Authors: Rahman M. M. , Wills Ronald B.H. , Bowyer Michael C , Vuong Van Q. , Golding John B. , Kirkman Timothy , Pristijono Penta
Published: September 2023

This study examined the efficacy of essential oil (EO) obtained from the Australian native plants, lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) (LM) to inhibit Penicillium digitatum by in vitro agar diffusion and vapor assay, and in inoculated oranges. Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry analysis revealed the main constituent of LM EO as citral. Pure citral was also included in the experiment for com-parison. LM EO at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 µL disc-1 in the in vitro tests significantly inhibited fungal growth compared to the non-treated control. Moreover, LM EO at 4 and 5 µL disc-1 in both the assays completely inhibited fungal growth similar to its main component of citral. Inoculated oranges dipped in 1000 μL L-1 LM EO solutions for 5, 10, 15 and 30 sec showed significantly lower fungal wounds compared to control. While higher dipping times generated slight rind injury, a 5 and 10 sec dip did not cause any injury to the fruit rind. The quality assessments and sensory evaluations also revealed that the addition of LM EO did not adversely affect the quality and taste of the oranges. These findings suggest LM EO as an alternative to synthetic fungicides to inhibit wastage in citrus during storage.
Temperate Movements: Artistic Responses to Climate Vulnera-Bility in the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Jeffery Celina
Published: September 2023

Abstract: ‘Temperate movements: Artistic Responses to Climate Vulnerability in the Canadian Arctic’ uses examples and methodologies from contemporary art and theory to think through the impact and legacy of Arctic Sea ice melt upon Inuit culture. Here, the work of Inuit artists Eldred Allen and Maureen Gruben illustrates how melting Arctic Sea ice maybe considered as relational space best understood through a cultural, rather than an exclusively scientific and data-oriented relationship to global sea rise level. Such a cultural perspective, which emphasizes the interconnection between humans, animals, and the environment, can counter dominant climate change imagery which tends to homogenize and de-socialize the Arctic as a single concept. The work of these Inuit artists is also considered as outreach to non-Inuit communities, both in terms of photographic art forms circulating in ‘southern’ contemporary art contexts, as well as becoming ‘novel’ indexes of climate vulnerability and resilience.
Enterocins Produced by Enterococci Isolated from Breast-Fed Infants: Antilisterial Potential
Authors: Landete José María , Montiel Raquel , Rodríguez-Mínguez Eva , Arqués Juan Luis
Published: September 2023

Enterocins are bacteriocins synthesized by Enterococcus strains that show an interesting antimi-crobial effectiveness against foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. The objectives of this study were identify and analyze the expression of enterocin genes of Enterococcus isolated from breast-fed infants and evaluate the ability to inhibit three human isolates of virulent Lis-teria monocytogenes, as well as some probiotic bacteria. The susceptibility of the strains of L. mon-ocytogenes to fifteen antibiotics was tested, detecting resistance to cefoxitin (constitutive-ly resistant), oxacillin and clindamycin. Production of enterocins A, B and P were observed in Enterococcus faecium isolates, and enterocin AS-48 in an Enterococcus faecalis isolate. AS-48 showed antilisterial activity by itself, while the joint action of enterocins A and B, or B and P was neces-sary for inhibiting L. monocytogenes, demonstrating a synergistic effect of those combinations. The presence of multiple enterocin genes does not assured the inhibition of L. monocytogenes strains. However, the expression of multiple enterocin genes showed a good correlation with the inhibition capacity of these strains. Furthermore the potential beneficial strains of lactobacil-li and bifidobacteria examined were not inhibited by any of the enterocins produced individu-ally or in combination, with the exception of Bifidobacterium longum BB536, which was inhibited by enterocin AS-48 and the joint production of enterocins A and B or B and P. The enterocins studied here could be candidates for developing alternative treatments against antibi-otic-resistant bacterial infections. Moreover, these selected enterocin-producing E. faecium strains isolated from breast-fed infants could be used as probiotic strains due to their antilisterial effect as well as the absence of virulence factors.
Methylliberine Ingestion Improves Various Indices of Affect but not Cognitive Function in Healthy Men and Women
Authors: La Monica Michael B , Raub Betsy , Malone Keeley , Hartshorn Shelley , Grdic Jodi , Gustat Ashley , Sandrock Jennifer
Published: September 2023

This study assessed the acute effects of oral methylliberine (DynamineTM) supplementation on cognitive function and indices of well-being. This was a double-blind, randomized, within-subject crossover trial. 25 healthy men and women (33.5±10.7yr, 172.7±8.6cm, 73.3±11.0kg) underwent pretesting before ingesting methylliberine (100mg) or placebo (PLA) for 3 days. On the fourth day participants were tested before their 4th dose (baseline) and every hour post-ingestion for 3 hours. After a one-week washout period, participants repeated testing with the alternate investigational product. The testing battery consisted of vitals, Stroop test and Trail Making Test-B, and visual analog scales that assessed various indices of well-being. Mixed factorial ANOVA with repeated measures were used to assess all variables. There were significant (p≤0.050) interactions in concentration, motivation, and mood. Methylliberine improved concentration 1- and 3-hours, motivation 3 hours, and mood 1-, 2-, and 3 hours (p≤0.050). Methylliberine improved energy, sustained energy, and mood in all participants to a greater extent than PLA at 1-hour and 3-hours relative to baseline (p≤0.050). PLA improved motivation at 1- and 2-hours and mood at 2-hours (p≤0.050). Methylliberine improved concentration, well-being, and the ability to tolerate stress to a greater extent than PLA at 3-hours relative to baseline (p≤0.050). Women observed elevations in sustained energy 1- and 3-hours (p≤0.050) in methylliberine vs. PLA. Methylliberine had negligible influence on cognitive function, vitals (p>0.050), and no adverse events were reported. Methylliberine significantly improved subjective feelings of energy, concentration, motivation, and mood, but not cognitive function. PLA improved motivation and mood at hours 1 and 2, while methylliberine sustained benefits for longer. Methylliberine also improved concentration, well-being, and the ability to tolerate stress to a greater degree than PLA while having no detrimental effects on vital signs. Methylliberine also seems to have a positive impact on sustained energy in women.
Textile Export Nexus in Bangladesh: An Econometric Exploration
Authors: Rahman Md. Mahbubur
Published: September 2023

This scholarly investigation conducts a rigorous exploration of Bangladesh's textile sector spanning the years 2011 to 2022, centering its attention primarily on the development of an intricate econometric framework. The study unveils profound insights into the sector's growth trajectories, the intricate dynamics of global demand, the undulating fluctuations of interest rates, and other pivotal economic gauges. The core component of this research, the econometric model, adeptly prognosticates textile exports through the incorporation of multifarious variables, encompassing the count of garment establishments, the magnitude of the workforce, market penetration, worldwide demand patterns, currency exchange rates, and interest rate fluctuations. Notably, the model attains a lofty degree of explicative potency, with an R-squared coefficient approximating 0.756, thereby attesting to its remarkable capacity to elucidate variances in textile export values. These discoveries carry substantial consequences for policymakers and stakeholders within the industry, as they bestow upon them a potent instrument for judicious decision-making and strategic blueprinting within Bangladesh's textile domain. The model accentuates the paramount significance of global demand and market share, concurrently accentuating the latent repercussions posed by fluctuations in interest rates.This research provides valuable insights into promoting the industry's sustainable growth, diversification, and resilience in the face of economic challenges.
Managing the Power Supply Energy Efficiency by Means of Higher Voltage and Interharmonics
Authors: Pivnyak Gennadiy , Azukovskiy Oleksandr , Papaika Yurii , Cabana Edgar Caseres , Miedziński Bogdan , Polnik Bartosz , Jamróż Andrzej , Polyanska Alla
Published: September 2023

The paper proposes an innovative solution for managing and ensuring high energy efficiency of power supply systems at high non-linear loads. This is realized by maintaining optimal value of reliability indicators and high quality of power supply. The validation is carried out using analyzes and tests of quality of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) for increased number of powered frequency converters. It has been proven that the effective use and reduction of energy consumption can be achieved thanks to the unique technological features of the employed electrical devices. This enables a normal operation of the system with decreased power and adequate control of energy processes. The problem of predicting power losses under changing conditions in a decentralized electrical network has been solved based on the theory of electromagnetic compatibility. The influence of the mains mode parameters and the indices of instantaneous distortion of current and voltage waveforms caused by the operation of converters on the resonance phenomena in power supply systems were investigated. Recommendations were developed for the selection of proper parameters of compensators for 6-10 kV and 0.4-0.66 kV circuits based on the analysis of the optimization problem when minimizing active power losses. Results of our findings may aid parties involved in designing and maintaining power networks in various applications, such as mines, etc.
Genomic Scan of the Inbreeding Depression for Litter Size in Two Varieties of Iberian Pigs
Authors: Hervás-Rivero Carlos , Srihi Houssemeddine , Carbonell David López , Casellas Joaquim , Ibañez-Escriche Noelia , Negro Sara , Varona Luis
Published: September 2023

Inbreeding depression is expected to be more pronounced in fitness-related traits, such as pig litter size. Recent studies have suggested that the genetic determinism of inbreeding depression may be heterogeneous across the genome. Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct a genomic scan across the pig autosomal genome to detect the genomic regions that control inbreeding depression for litter size in two varieties of Iberian pigs (Entrepelado and Retinto). The datasets consist of 2,069 (338 sows) and 2,028 (327 sows) records for litter size (Total Number Born and Number Born Alive) for the Entrepelado and Retinto varieties. All sows were genotyped using the Geneseek GGP PorcineHD 70 K. We employed the Unfavorable Haplotype Finder software to extract runs of homozygosity (ROHs) and conducted a mixed model analysis to identify highly significant differences between homozygous and heterozygous sows for each specific ROH. A total of 8 genomic regions located on SSC2, SSC5, SSC7, SSC8, and SSC13, were significantly associated with inbreeding depression, housing some relevant genes such as FSHR, LHCGR, CORIN, AQP6, and CEP120.
Translational Challenges and Prospective Solutions in the Implementation of Biomimetic Delivery Systems
Authors: Wang Zhe , Wang Xinpei , Xu Wanting , Li Yongxiao , Lai Ruizhi , Qiu Xiaohui , Chen Xu , Chen Zhidong , Mi Bobin , Wu Meiying , Wang Junqing
Published: September 2023

Biomimetic delivery systems (BDSs), inspired by the intricate designs of biological systems, have emerged as a groundbreaking paradigm in nanomedicine, offering unparalleled advantages in therapeutic delivery. These systems, encompassing platforms such as liposomes, protein-based nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, and polysaccharides, are lauded for their targeted delivery, minimized side effects, and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. However, the translation of BDSs from research settings to clinical applications is fraught with challenges, including reproducibility concerns, physiological stability, and rigorous efficacy and safety evaluations. Furthermore, the innovative nature of BDSs demands a reevaluation and evolution of existing regulatory and ethical frameworks. This review provides an overview of BDSs, delve into the multifaceted translational challenges and present emerging solutions, underscored by real-world case studies. Emphasizing the potential of BDSs to redefine healthcare, we advocate for sustained interdisciplinary collaboration and research. As our understanding of biological systems deepens, the future of BDSs in clinical translation appears promising, with a focus on personalized medicine and refined patient-specific delivery systems.
Passive Films Formed on Fe and Ni Based Alloys in an Alkaline Medium: An Insight into Complementarities between Electrochemical Techniques and Near-Field Microscopies (AFM/SKPFM)
Authors: Benaioun Noureddine , Moulayat Nasreddine , Hakiki Noureddine , Ramdane Hanene , Denys Emmanuel , Florentin Alban , Khodja Kouider Driss , Heireche Mohamed , Bubendorff Jean Luc
Published: September 2023

This study presents a combined electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy(SKPFM) investigation on the natural passivation process of stainless steels (AISI 316 and AISI 304) and nickel-based alloy (INCONEL 600) as a function of immersion time in an alkaline medium (pH = 13). EIS measurements show an increase in the resistance of the film with increasing immersion time in the electrolyte. After 3 days of immersion, for the three alloys, the films formed constitute an effective barrier to the dissolution of the alloys as shown by AFM and SKPFM. The oxide film growth on each substrates is only influenced by trenches formed during the polishing step and don’t depend on the chemical composition.
Incorporating advanced snow microphysics and lateral transport into the Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-MP) land surface model
Authors: Letcher Theodore , Parno Julie
Published: September 2023

The dynamic state of the land surface presents challenges and opportunities for military and civil operations in extreme cold environments. In particular, the effects of snow and frozen ground on Soldier and vehicle mobility are hard to overstate. Current authoritative weather and land models are run at global scales (i.e., dx > 10 km) and are of limited use at the Soldier scale (dx < 100 m). Here, we describe several snow physics upgrades made to the Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-MP) community land surface model (LSM). These upgrades include a blowing snow overlay to simulate the lateral redistribution of snow by the wind and the addition of new prognostic snow microstructure variables, namely grain size and bond radius. These additions represent major upgrades to the snow component of the Noah-MP LSM because they incorporate processes and methods used in more specialized snow modeling frameworks. These upgrades are demonstrated in idealized and real-world applications. The test simulations were promising and show that the newly added snow physics replicate observed behavior with reasonable accuracy. We hope these upgrades facilitate ongoing and future research on characterizing the effects of the integrated snow and soil land surface in extreme cold environments at the tactical scale.
Revisiting the Global Posture Review: A New U.S. Approach to European Defense and NATO in a Post-Ukraine War World
Authors: Stewart Maxwell
Published: September 2023

This article revisits the 2021 Global Posture Review’s determination for a status quo European force posture in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Considering the poor Russian performance and attrition in the war, and the likely frozen conflict that will emerge, the article lays out the process by which the United States can draw down its permanent presence in Europe to refocus on the Pacific and restructure its relationship with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), all while maintaining alliance unity. The article has two main recommendations. The first is a time line for a reduced U.S. force posture in Europe from the present to 2035 while placing more emphasis on a European role in NATO leadership. The second is focused on how to maintain strategic flexibility while reassuring NATO allies of U.S. commitment. It then identifies and provides mitigations for the anticipated risks associated with the recommendations.
The Russian Bloodletting Strategy in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: From Success to Hubris
Authors: Litsas Spyridon N.
Published: September 2023

The article focuses on the role of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War in shaping the balance of power in the Lesser Caucasus as a prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It argues that Russia implemented a “bait and bleed” strategy to discipline Armenia for its pro-Western agenda. In addition, it focuses on Turkey’s role as a supportive apparatus for Azerbaijan’s military efforts against Armenia, evaluating the connection established between Moscow and Ankara. The Nagorno-Karabakh case marked a new manipulative Russian strategy to influence the balance of power in regions with geostrategic significance for the Kremlin.
Cavidad ósea de Stafne en una población venezolana. Estudio de prevalencia
Authors: Visicchio Cusati Sabrina , Manresa Bruguera Carlos , Gallego Mengod Valeria , Villarroel-Dorrego Mariana
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la cavidad ósea de Stafne en una población venezolana y caracterizarla radiográficamente. Método: Estudio de tipo descriptivo y transversal. De 500 radiografías panorámicas, se seleccionaron aquellas que tenían imágenes radiolúcidas en mandíbula, circunscritas y no asociadas a ningún órgano dentario, así como aquellas que pudieran corresponderse con la fosa mandibular. Se cotejaron los resultados y se resolvieron las discrepancias por consenso. Las seleccionadas fueron caracterizadas radiográficamente. Las variables fueron comparadas usando la prueba t de Student para igualdad de medias, aplicando la prueba de Levene, y los valores de p < 0,05 fueron considerados estadísticamente significativos. Resultados: De las 500 radiografías evaluadas, 22 presentaron imágenes correspondientes a cavidades óseas de Stafne, lo que representó el 4,4%. De estas, 5 se presentaron de forma bilateral (22,7%) y 17 (77,3%) de forma unilocular. Entre las características radiográficas estudiadas, se presentaron con mayor prevalencia imágenes ubicadas en la zona posterior (81,81%), sin esclerosis (54,54%), continuas a la basal mandibular, con forma redonda (59,09%) y de radiolucidez parcial (72%). estas fueron más comunes en pacientes masculinos, con un 63,63% del total. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados muestran una prevalencia mayor de la cavidad ósea de Stafne en una población venezolana que la reportada en estudios aplicados a otras poblaciones.
Manifestaciones temporomandibulares en pacientes con síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Español Español , Soto Felipe , Martinez Sebastián , E Españ
Published: September 2023

Introducción: El Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos (SED) consiste en un grupo de enfermedades que implican un desorden de los tejidos conectivos de los individuos como producto de una alteración en la síntesis de colágeno. Las estructuras fibrocartilaginosas, los ligamentos de soporte, el disco y el tejido retrodiscal de la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) están compuestos por colágeno. Objetivo: Identificar las manifestaciones temporomandibulares en pacientes con diferentes subtipos de SED a través de una revisión sistemática. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura incluyendo las bases de datos de PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales y series de casos en idioma inglés o español publicados hasta enero de 2023. Resultados: Se seleccionó 12 artículos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La prevalencia de desórdenes temporomandibulares varió entre el 26,6% y el 100%, con el subtipo SEDh como el más reportado. El desorden temporomandibular más identificado fue el desplazamiento del disco con o sin reducción e hipermovilidad articular. Conclusión: Las patologías temporomandibulares son habituales en pacientes con SED, especialmente en aquellos con el subtipo SEDh.
Tratamiento temprano ortodóncico/ortopédico en pacientes con anomalías sagitales de clase II. Una revision.
Authors: Yanez-Zurita Christian , Naranjo Freire Blanca , Martillo Chiriguaya Arístides
Published: September 2023

Introducción: Las anomalías sagitales de clase II tienen una prevalencia de entre el 18% y el 32% de la población. Para resolver este tipo de maloclusión, se han propuesto diversas terapias, algunas de las cuales implican aparatos ortodóncicos u ortopédicos funcionales. Sin embargo, sigue siendo un tema de discusión si los tratamientos deben iniciarse a temprana edad o si existen efectos adversos que pueden perjudicar estructuras del sistema estomatognático. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados obtenidos de un tratamiento temprano en pacientes con maloclusión sagital de Clase II mediante una revisión de literatura. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda avanzada con términos y conectores en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed y Science Direct; se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión para la selección definitiva de los artículos incluidos. Resultados: A través de esta búsqueda se recopilaron, en total, 5909 artículos, de los cuales se consideraron 23 que cumplían con los criterios establecidos en el presente trabajo de revisión. Conclusiones: Existen dispositivos ortodónticos/ortopédicos encaminados a solucionar las características propias de las maloclusiones sagitales de clase II, pero antes de planificar un tratamiento temprano es fundamental realizar un diagnóstico certero para evaluar el tipo específico de aparatología que se requiere.
Maduración esquelética de mano y muñeca y osificación de sutura media palatina en adolescentes: una revisión de literatura.
Authors: Ramirez-Diaz Ruth Elizabeth , Watanabe Kanno Gustavo Adolfo
Published: September 2023

Introducción: La evaluación de la edad esquelética es un factor importante en la planificación ortodóncica para anticipar cambios en el crecimiento y es el análisis de radiografías de mano y muñeca el que muestra el grado del potencial de crecimiento óseo y facial. El objetivo fue evaluar la relación entre la maduración esquelética de la mano y muñeca, y la osificación de sutura media palatina (SMP) en adolescentes. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en cuatro bases de datos: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect y Embase, revisadas hasta el 13 de diciembre de 2022. Los estudios incluidos fueron artículos descriptivos y comparativos de la maduración esquelética de la mano y muñeca, y osificación de la sutura media palatina de pacientes de 7 a 18 años. Dos investigadores seleccionaron cuidadosamente los artículos evaluados y analizaron los diferentes tópicos clave relacionados con el tema. Resultados: En este estudio se incluyeron 4 artículos. Según los estudios, se encontró que mientras mayor sea el grado de maduración ósea hay un aumento en la aproximación de la SMP, especialmente en etapas tardías, con correlaciones altas y positivas; además, hubo mayores resultados de correlación con el método de análisis de Fishman, a diferencia de los métodos de Hagg y Taranger y Björk. En los estadios de límite critico en SMI7-9, se encontró mayor acercamiento al cierre de SMP compatibles con estadio D-E. La finalización de la maduración en mujeres se completó hasta en 2 años antes que en los hombres. Conclusiones: Los métodos de evaluación para el diagnóstico mediante el análisis carpal puede usarse para las evaluaciones de predicción del estadio de maduración de la SMP; sin embargo, los resultados no fueron absolutos en todos los casos, por lo que no se puede generalizar.
Investigating the Impact of Aqueous Phase on CO2 Huff ‘n’ Puff in Tight Oil Reservoirs Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology: Stimulation Measures and Mechanisms
Authors: Liu Junrong , Li Hangyu , Liu Shuyang , Xu Jianchun , Wang Xiaopu , Tan Qizhi
Published: September 2023

CO2 huff ‘n’ puff is a promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique for tight/shale reservoirs, also enabling CO2 geological storage. However, the effectiveness of this method can be significantly affected by the aqueous phase resulting from connate water and hydraulic fracturing. The mechanism underlying the influence of the aqueous phase on oil recovery during CO2 huff ‘n’ puff, as well as the corresponding stimulation methods in such scenarios, remain unclear and warrant further study.

To investigate this, we utilized a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument to track the movement of fluids during CO2 huff ‘n’ puff under water invasion conditions. The impact of the invaded aqueous phase on oil recovery was examined, and the impact of different treatment parameters was explored. The results show that the aqueous barrier formed by water invasion alters the pathway of CO2 diffusion to matrix oil. This alteration leads to a diminished concentration of CO2 in the oil phase, which, in turn, results in a substantial reduction in oil recovery. Consequently, the performance of CO2 huff ‘n’ puff is highly sensitive to the water phase.

Nevertheless, the oil recovery dynamics in cyclic CO2 huff ‘n’ puff under water invasion exhibit distinctive patterns compared with those without water invasion. These differences manifest as notable low oil recovery in the first cycle, followed by a rapid increase in the second cycle. This behavior primarily arises from the expulsion of a significant portion of the invaded water from the macropores after the first cycle. However, the effectiveness of this mechanism is limited in micropores due to the challenging displacement of trapped water in such pores. Raising the injection pressure mainly boosts oil recovery in macropores, with minimal response in micropores. Yet, the achievement of miscibility does not lead to a substantial improvement in the CO2 huff ‘n’ puff performance, primarily due to the constraints imposed by the limited CO2 dissolution through molecular diffusion

Additionally, we have proposed three stimulation mechanisms achieved by lengthening the soaking time under water invasion conditions. First, the prolonged soaking time increases the concentration of CO2 molecules that diffuse into the matrix oil. Second, it promotes the imbibition of the trapped water on the fracture surface into the deeper matrix to alleviate water blockage. Finally, the invaded water in macropores displaces oil in micropores by capillary force during the soaking period.
Predicting Standardized Uptake Value of Brown Adipose Tissue from CT scans using neural networks
Authors: Erdil Ertunc , Becker Anton , Schwyzer Moritz , Tellez Borja Martinez , Ruiz Jonatan , Sartoretti Thomas , Vargas Alberto , Burger Irene , Chirindel Alin , Wild Damian , Maushart Claudia , Betz Matthias , Wolfrum Christian , Konukoglu Ender
Published: September 2023

The standard method for identifying active Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) is [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) PET/CT imaging, which is costly and exposes patients to radiation, making it impractical for population studies. These issues can be addressed with computational methods that predict [18F]-FDG uptake by BAT from CT; earlier population studies pave the way for developing such methods by showing some correlation between the Hounsfield Unit (HU) of BAT in CT and the corresponding [18F]-FDG uptake in PET. In this study, we propose training convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to predict [18F]-FDG uptake by BAT from unenhanced CT scans in the restricted regions which are likely to contain BAT. We performed experiments on datasets from four different cohorts, the largest study to date. We segmented the BAT regions using the predicted [18F]-FDG uptake values and evaluated the accuracy of the segmentations, showing 23% to 40% improvement over the conventional CT thresholding-based method. Additionally, we showed that BAT volumes computed from the segmentations could be used to distinguish subjects with and without active BAT with an AUC of 0.8, whereas the CT thresholding-based method achieved 0.6. Our findings suggest that CNNs, when trained on cold-stimulated cohorts, can be effectively used to create stratified cohorts from only CT, thereby having the potential for facilitating large-scale imaging studies with greater efficiency and lower costs.
Plasma Powder Transferred Arc Additive Manufacturing of ((Fe,Ni)-Al) intermetallic alloy and resulting properties
Authors: Treutler Kai
Published: September 2023

Intermetallic alloys such as iron aluminides are of increasing interest for high temperature applications due to their properties. However, their application potential is limited by their limited machinability with conventional manufacturing methods such as milling. Arc-based additive manufacturing offers an approach to produce these materials to final contour or with very little post-processing. However, the properties of many intermetallic alloys, such as low toughness, require a special manufacturing process. Using a selected iron-nickel-aluminum intermetallic compound as an example, a possible process, including a subsidiary heat treatment, for the arc-based additive manufacturing of materials based on brittle intermetallic materials is presented, which could enable the production of structural components. In addition, some basic mechanical properties that can be achieved in a component are shown proportionally. These properties include initial investigations into the wear resistance of these compounds. It is shown that these intermetallic compounds have a superior wear resistance as commonly used co-base alloys, but have a lower density compared to these co-alloys.
Comparative efficacy of six nonpharmacological interventions on global cognition in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Suk Jiwoo , Kim Gahye , Kim Jaeuk U.
Published: September 2023

Background: The global population is experiencing rapid aging. To maintain current cognitive function and access greater cognitive reserves, nonpharmacological interventions could serve as a viable alternative for older adults with or without cognitive impairment. However, there is a lack of research comparing the efficacy of existing interventions in improving global cognition in older adults.
Objective: This study aimed to compare different nonpharmacological interventions for enhancing global cognition, including mind-body exercise, noninvasive brain stimulation, cognitive training intervention, acutherapy, meditation, and music therapy, by applying a network meta-analysis.
Methods: Fifty-eight randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of interventions on global cognition in older adults with or without mild cognitive decline were selected. A network meta-analysis was conducted to provide the comparative efficacy of different nonpharmacological interventions. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to estimate data quality, and the therapeutic mechanisms of each intervention were reviewed.
Results: The network meta-analysis revealed that mind-body exercise with the standardized mean difference of 0.764 (95% CI, 0.448–1.080), ACU intervention with 0.667 (95% CI, 0.256-1.078), meditation with 0.643 (95% CI, 0.234-1.052), non-invasive brain stimulation with 0.566 (95% CI, 0.040; 1.091), cognitive training intervention (CTI) with 0.591 (95% CI, 0.323-0.858), and physical exercise with 0.552 (95% CI, 0.165-0.940) showed positive effects compared to passive controls. Moreover, the mind-body exercise (P score = 0.8162) had the more significant effect than other interventions for improving global cognition. However, no statistically significant differences were observed among the other interventions.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that nonpharmacological interventions, especially mind-body exercises, may be a potential strategy for enhancing and maintaining global cognition in the older population, although additional studies are needed to clarify the impact of other variables, including intervention methods or psychological variables.
Other: This NMA conducted as per registered protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42023401854).