bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method to Assign Weights to Decision Makers for each Criterion in Group Decision Making Under Multiple Criteria with Crisp and Interval Data
Authors: Azadfallah Mohammad
Published: June 2018

This article focuses on determining the weights of decision makers (DMs) in multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) environments with both crisp and interval data, in which the weights of DMs are derived from the decision matrices and DMs, have different weights for different criteria. In order to determine the optimal weights of DMs for each criterion, a new TOPSIS-based approach is introduced. In the proposed method, the DMs weight for each criterion is depends on the distances from each individual group member decision to the positive and negative ideal solution. In other words, the DM has a large weight if his/ her decision information is close (far) to the positive (negative) ideal solution, and has a small weight if his/ her decision information is far (close) from the positive (negative) ideal solution. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the feasibility of the developed methods.
Application of Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision-Making for Selecting the Best Sustainable Orientation
Authors: Jayakrishna K. , Vimal K.E.K. , Medha L.N.U. , Jain Shubham , Raj S. Aravind
Published: June 2018

Sustainability is an idea encompassed with various aspects still under exploration in addition to its vibrant and comprehensive nature. The Brundtland commission articulated that sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. A plunge for supporting the ideology of sustainability orientations with respect to manufacturing and their implementation are still in need, but the quantum of factors increases in the process of sustainability orientation selection during the implementation of sustainable manufacturing. Several undecided factors are intrinsic in the implementation of new sustainable manufacturing. Decision-making methods using probabilities to represent the three orientations such as alternate material change, manufacturing process change and design change of achieving sustainability cannot be used to prioritize them. Therefore, a fuzzy multiple attribute decision-making (FMADM) method was developed with a three-level hierarchical decision-making models based on the economic, environment and social aspects of sustainable development, to evaluate the three orientations involved in sustainable manufacturing. A case study was conducted in an Indian automotive component manufacturing organization with the FMADM model developed and the results effectively reflected the characteristics of the three orientations of sustainable manufacturing.
Integral Communication Tool
Authors: Rafajac Ozren , Jakupović Alen
Published: June 2018

An integral communication tool is producing a coherent message while attempting to achieve synergy among different types of communicators. By encouraging a purposeful dialogue and automatic exchange of relevant information, these kinds of tools can improve our mutual understanding, cooperation, collaboration and competitiveness. The main problem in collaboration is finding compatible partners, friends and people (with similar interests) with whom we can build long-term relationships in different fields of life, such as family relations, education and leisure. The same applies to all economic activities. The authors find a solution to this problem in the development of an integral communication tool that has the three main objectives: self-improvement, relationship improvement and qualitative improvement of collaboration. By analyzing the requirements of potential users, the authors have developed a conceptual model of an integral communication tool that explains its basic functions, subsystems and information connections.
Building Student Engagement Through Collaborative Practice in Business Management Education
Authors: Bharucha Jehangir Pheroze
Published: June 2018

The current article contributes to student engagement literature in higher education in line with the paradigm shift taking place in college teaching in India. The aim of this article supports that the collaborative approach does lead to active student engagement. The findings reflect the success of this Mumbai college in ensuring that each student participates in an active learning experience. This had clearly produced a level of engagement that other forms of learning cannot. As this study shows, in the Indian context, the collaborative approach turns out to a great answer to the present theoretical method of teaching and learning.
Evidence-Based Review of Clinical Trials in Neurocritical Care
Authors: McNett Molly , Moran Cristina , Johnson Halee
Published: June 2018

Neurocritical care is a rapidly growing specialty of complex care for the critically ill patient with neurological injury. This rapid growth has led to an increase in the number of important clinical trials to guide clinical practice and evidence-based care of the critically ill patient with neurological injury. Specialty-trained critical care nurses and advanced practice providers are integral members of neurocritical care teams and must remain informed about pivotal trials shaping practice recommendations. This article presents a summary of recent trials that have affected current practice and influenced care recommendations in the neurocritical care setting.
The moral disengagement mechanisms in organizational contexts: A comparison between public organizations and private firms
Authors: Zorzetto Maurizio
Published: June 2018

The moral disengagement present in work places is a critical factor impacting the efficient pursuit of organizational goals. This research aims at providing a new view on the criticisms moved against the inefficiencies of the Italian public administration and the national bureaucratic system, by adopting the principles described in Albert Bandura’s (1986) Social Cognitive theory and testing the mechanisms of moral disengagement empirically, by carrying out the Civic Moral Disengagement (CMD) survey among private and public-sector employees. The final goal of this research is analyzing the cognitive process that employees activate based on the environment they are in, and defining an Empowerment strategy that could be adopted within public organizations.
Interaction between soil salinity and nitrogen on growth and gaseous exchanges in guava
Authors: Bezerra Idelfonso Leandro , Gheyi Hans Raj , Nobre Reginaldo Gomes , Lima Geovani Soares de , Santos João Batista dos , Fernandes Pedro Dantas
Published: June 2018

This study evaluated the growth and gas exchanges of guava, cv. ‘Paluma’ cultivated in salinized soil and subjected to different nitrogen (N) doses in a protected environment in the municipality of Campina Grande-PB. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 4 factorial arrangement with three replicates, and the treatments resulted from the combination of five salinity levels in the soil saturation extract - ECse (2.15, 3.15,4.15, 5.15 and 6.15 dS m-1) and four N doses (70, 100, 130 and 160% of the recommended N dose). The dose referring to 100% of N corresponded to 541.1 mg of N dm-3 of soil. At 120 and 180 days after (DAT), plant growth was evaluated based on stem diameter (SD), leaf area (LA) and number of leaves (NL). At 210 DAT, the following variables of leaf gas exchanges were evaluated: stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration (E) and CO2 assimilation rate (A). ECse above 2.15 dS m-1 reduced stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration and CO2 assimilation rate, in both evaluation periods. N dose above 70% of the recommendation (378.7 mg N dm-3 of soil) did not mitigate the deleterious effects caused by the salt stress on the growth and gas exchanges of guava plants.
Effects of saline water and potassium fertilization on photosynthetic pigments, growth and production of West Indian Cherry
Authors: Lima Geovani Soares de , Dias Adaan Sudario , Souza Leandro De Pádua , Sá Francisco Vanies da Silva , Gheyi Hans Raj , Soares Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos
Published: June 2018

Due to the scarcity of water in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil, in both quantitative and qualitative terms, the use of saline water in agriculture should be considered as one alternative for irrigated agriculture. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the photosynthetic pigments, growth and production of West Indian Cherry as a function of irrigation using waters with different salinity levels and potassium (K) fertilization, after grafting. The study was carried out in drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions, in a eutrophic Regolithic Neosol with sandy loam texture, in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB. The experiment was set in a randomized block design, to test two levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.8 and 3.8 dS m-1) and four K2O doses - KD (50, 75, 100 and 125% of recommendation), with three replicates. The dose relative to 100% corresponded to 79.2 mg K2O kg-1 of soil. Irrigation with high salinity water stimulated the biosynthesis of chlorophyll b and carotenoids, while the chlorophyll a content and the growth of the cherry were reduced markedly in the post-grafting phase. The harmful effects of salinity on the total number of fruit and fresh mass of West Indian Cherry fruit were minimized with potassium fertilization.
Weak local-global compatibility and ordinary representations
Authors: Chojecki Przemyslaw
Published: June 2018

We introduce a general formalism with minimal requirements under which we are able to prove the pro-modular Fontaine–Mazur conjecture. We verify it in the ordinary case using the recent construction of Breuil and Herzig.
Cyclic subgroup commutativity degrees of finite groups
Authors: Tărnăuceanu Marius , Lazorec Mihai-Silviu
Published: June 2018

In this paper we introduce and study the concept of cyclic subgroup commutativity degree of a finite group

G

. This quantity measures the probability of two random cyclic subgroups of

G

commuting. Explicit formulas are obtained for some particular classes of groups. Acriterion for a finite group to be an Iwasawa group is also presented.
Smartphones on the air track. Examples and difficulties
Authors: González Delgado Manuel Ángel , Gómez Alfonso , González Rebollo Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2018

In this paper we describe a classical experiment with an air track in which smartphones are used as experimental devices to obtain physical data. The proposed experiment allows users to easily observe and measure relationships between physical magnitudes, conservation of momentum in collisions and friction effects on movement by utilizing the users' own mobile devices.
Received: 20 September 2017,  Accepted: 4 May 2018; Edited by: A. Martí,  M. Monteiro;  Reviewed by: J-L Richter, Lycee Polyvalent J-B Schwilgue, France; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.100005
Cite as: M Á González, A Gómez, M Á González, Papers in Physics 10, 100005 (2018)
This paper, by M Á González, A Gómez, M Á González, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.
Francophone African Philosophy: History, trends and influences
Authors: Mosima Pius M.
Published: June 2018

In this paper, I engage in a critical discussion of Francophone African philosophy focusing on its history, the influences, and emerging trends. Beginning the historical account from the 1920s, I examine the colonial discourses on racialism, and the various reactions generated leading to the Négritude movement in Francophone African intellectual history. I explore the wider implications of the debate on Négritude as an integral component of ethnophilosophy in postcolonial Francophone African philosophy. Finally, I argue that in spite of the apparent linguistic divides/boundaries between Francophone African philosophy and the philosophical traditions in Anglophone and Lusophone Africa, there are robust interactions and critical exchanges of ideas converging and reconnecting with other philosophical orientations outside Africa.Keywords: African Philosophy, Colonialism, Francophone, Anglophone, Lusophone, Négritude, Ethnophilosophy
Why African Philosophers should build systems: An exercise in conversational thinking
Authors: Egbai Ojah Uti
Published: June 2018

At the height of the Great Debate about the existence or otherwise of African philosophy, Kwasi Wiredu bemoaned the dearth of originality in the practice of African philosophy. For him, African philosophers should now go beyond talking about African philosophy and get down to actually doing it. But what does it mean to do African philosophy? And what is the importance of actually doing African philosophy? In this paper, I will argue that doing African philosophy should involve, among other things, system-building. I will argue that the growth of the discipline and the advancement of Africa’s intellectual history constitute strong reasons for African philosophers to aim at building systems in this era. I will highlight existing attempts at system-building in African philosophy and show their weaknesses in order to project conversational thinking as a better framework. I will conclude by arguing that systembuilding is part of the overall goal of conversational philosophy, which has been demonstrated in some quarters as the future direction ofAfrican philosophy.Keywords: African philosophy, system-building, conversational thinking, conversational philosophy
African philosophical foundation of a pneumatological controversy inside the church of Central African Presbyterian in Malawi
Authors: Kayange Grivas Muchineripi
Published: June 2018

I investigate the African philosophical foundations of a pneumatological controversy inside the Church of Central African Presbyterian (CCAP) in Malawi. While apparently the conflict consists in difficulties in embracing both the New Pentecostal Theology (NPT) and the Reformed Calvinist (protestant) Theology (RCT) within CCAP, it is rooted in the philosophical conflict between communitarianism and individualism. CCAP fully embraced the African communitarian philosophy mixed with Christian communism as its essence, while adherents of NPT followed individualism. Consequently, this affected the interpretation of the fundamental doctrines such as sola scriptura, sola grazia, and other practices. I suggest a philosophical solution constituting in  rebuilding African identity and a theological solution in promoting a new pneumatology based on the concept of enculturation.Keywords: Pneumatology, Communitarianism, Individualism, African philosophy, inculturation
Clasificaciones del dibujar y de los dibujos (30-9-2002)
Authors: Seguí de la Riva J.
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Del pasadismo al futurismo
Authors: Agudo Martínez María Josefa
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Reseñas de libros
Authors: Gentil Baldrich José Mª , García-Gutiérrez Mosteiro Javier , Montaner Josep Maria , Fontbernat Joan , Casado de Amezúa Joaquín , Linares García Fernando , Villanueva Bartrina Lluís , Doreste Chirino Luis , Gómez-Blanco Pontes Antonio , San José Alonso Jesús , Ruiz de la Rosa José A. , Puebla Pons Juan , Contel Comenge Rafael , García Reig Carmen , Rabasa Díaz Enrique , Monedero Javier
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Le Corbusier y el ángulo recto
Authors: Gutiérrez Labory Elsa Mª
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Perspectiva y representación arquitectónica
Authors: Pérez Gómez Alberto
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
La enseñanza de la geometría y el espacio de la modernidad
Authors: Pozo José Manuel
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Reflexiones sobre el "dibujar" arquitectónico en los procesos del "proyectar" arquitectura. Reflexión de una experiencia docente innovadora en la Cátedra de Análisis de Formas Arquitectónicas de la ETSAM
Authors: Raposo Grau Javier Francisco
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
El espacio como dimensión dinámica
Authors: De Blas Gómez Felisa
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Los pueblos de colonización de la Cuenca del Duero: una aproximación al análisis de sus formas
Authors: Álvaro Tordesillas Antonio
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Dibujo y proyecto en el panorama de la arquitectura contemporánea: impacto e influjo de los nuevos procedimientos gráficos
Authors: Otxotorena Juan M.
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
La utilidad frente al operador en la expresión gráfica arquitectónica
Authors: Solana Enrique
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Estrategias de modelado formal en la Sagrada Familia
Authors: De Mesa Andrés , Regot Joaquín , Núñez Andrés Mª Amparo , Buill Pozuelo Felipe
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Artes del dibujo. Imagen, encuadre y arquitectura
Authors: Verd Herrero Antonio
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Dibujando en la Cartuja de Ema. Ventanas y rampas en la obra de Le Corbusier
Authors: Zaparaín Hernández Fernando
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
El cine y las vanguardias
Authors: Galán Hergueta Aurora
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Conversando con... PAOLO PORTOGHESI
Authors: García Codoñer Ángela , Sender Contell Marina , Giménez Ribera Manuel
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Anotaciones para un imaginario del dibujar
Authors: Seguí Javier
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Mestres, lapicidas y obrers de vila en el antiguo Reino de Valencia. Artífices de la arquitectura gótica
Authors: Navarro Fajardo Juan Carlos
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Evolución y sistematización de la representación del terreno a lo largo de la historia
Authors: León Casas Miguel Ángel , León Robles Carlos A.
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Conversando con...PETER EISENMAN. Estrategias de proyecto y herramientas de representación
Authors: García Hípola Mayka
Published: June 2018

Sin resumen
Replicating “Predicting the present with Google trends” by Hyunyoung Choi and Hal Varian (The Economic Record, 2012)
Authors: Coupé Tom
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the author describes different ways in which one can replicate a paper and illustrate them by applying them to the study by Choi and Varian (Predicting the Present with Google Trends, The Economic Record 2012).
Design and the Creation of Value
Authors: Heskett John , Dilnot Clive , Boztepe Suzan
Published: June 2018

John Heskett was a leading design historian with a particular interest in design and economics. This book publishes for the first time his writings on design and economic value, and design’s role in creating value in organisations and products.

The first part of Heskett’s text introduces the main traditions of economic thought as they explain the relationship between producers, markets, products and consumers; he then goes on to consider the importance of design and design thinking in innovating and creating value in business practice and product development.

Heskett refers to examples of businesses such as Dyson and Apple that have successfully responded to the value of design in their practice, and others such as the Ford Motor Company that were faced with the threat of bankruptcy because they failed to encourage innovation and creativity or to respond adequately to the challenges and opportunities presented by new technology.

Heskett’s text is accompanied by critical and contextualising overviews by leading design scholars, which place Heskett's writings within the framework of contemporary design and business thought and practice.
Global soil consumption of atmospheric carbon monoxide: an analysis using a process-based biogeochemistry model
Authors: Liu Licheng , Zhuang Qianlai , Zhu Qing , Liu Shaoqing , van Asperen Hella , Pihlatie Mari
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Carbon monoxide (CO) plays an important role in controlling the oxidizing
capacity of the atmosphere by reacting with OH radicals that affect
atmospheric methane (CH4) dynamics. We develop a process-based
biogeochemistry model to quantify the CO exchange between soils and the
atmosphere with a 5 min internal time step at the global scale. The model is
parameterized using the CO flux data from the field and laboratory
experiments for 11 representative ecosystem types. The model is then
extrapolated to global terrestrial ecosystems using monthly climate forcing
data. Global soil gross consumption, gross production, and net flux of the
atmospheric CO are estimated to be from −197 to −180, 34 to 36, and
−163 to −145 Tg CO yr−1 (1 Tg = 1012 g), respectively,
when the model is driven with satellite-based atmospheric CO concentration
data during 2000–2013. Tropical evergreen forest, savanna and deciduous
forest areas are the largest sinks at 123 Tg CO yr−1. The soil CO
gross consumption is sensitive to air temperature and atmospheric CO
concentration, while the gross production is sensitive to soil organic carbon
(SOC) stock and air temperature. By assuming that the spatially distributed
atmospheric CO concentrations (∼ 128 ppbv) are not changing over time,
the global mean CO net deposition velocity is estimated to be
0.16–0.19 mm s−1 during the 20th century. Under the future climate
scenarios, the CO deposition velocity will increase at a rate of
0.0002–0.0013 mm s−1 yr−1 during 2014–2100, reaching
0.20–0.30 mm s−1 by the end of the 21st century, primarily due to the
increasing temperature. Areas near the Equator, the eastern US, Europe and
eastern Asia will be the largest sinks due to optimum soil moisture and high
temperature. The annual global soil net flux of atmospheric CO is primarily
controlled by air temperature, soil temperature, SOC and atmospheric CO
concentrations, while its monthly variation is mainly determined by air
temperature, precipitation, soil temperature and soil moisture.
On the representation of aerosol activation and its influence on model-derived estimates of the aerosol indirect effect
Authors: Rothenberg Daniel , Avramov Alexander , Wang Chien
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Interactions between aerosol
particles and clouds contribute a great deal of uncertainty to the scientific
community's understanding of anthropogenic climate forcing. Aerosol particles
serve as the nucleation sites for cloud droplets, establishing a direct
linkage between anthropogenic particulate emissions and clouds in the climate
system. To resolve this linkage, the community has developed
parameterizations of aerosol activation which can be used in global climate
models to interactively predict cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNCs).
However, different activation schemes can exhibit different sensitivities to
aerosol perturbations in different meteorological or pollution regimes. To
assess the impact these different sensitivities have on climate forcing, we
have coupled three different core activation schemes and variants with the
CESM-MARC (two-Moment, Multi-Modal, Mixing-state-resolving Aerosol model for Research of Climate (MARC) coupled
with the National Center for Atmospheric Research's (NCAR) Community Earth
System Model (CESM; version 1.2)). Although the model produces a reasonable
present-day CDNC climatology when compared with observations regardless of
the scheme used, ΔCDNCs between the present and preindustrial era
regionally increase by over 100 % in zonal mean when using the most
sensitive parameterization. These differences in activation sensitivity may
lead to a different evolution of the model meteorology, and ultimately to a
spread of over 0.8 W m−2 in global average shortwave indirect
effect (AIE) diagnosed from the model, a range which is as large as the
inter-model spread from the AeroCom intercomparison. Model-derived AIE
strongly scales with the simulated preindustrial CDNC burden, and those
models with the greatest preindustrial CDNC tend to have the smallest AIE,
regardless of their ΔCDNC. This suggests that present-day evaluations
of aerosol-climate models may not provide useful constraints on the magnitude
of the AIE, which will arise from differences in model estimates of the
preindustrial aerosol and cloud climatology.
Fine particles from Independence Day fireworks events: chemical characterization and source apportionment
Authors: Zhang Jie , Lance Sara , Freedman Jeffrey M. , Sun Yele , Crandall Brian A. , Wei Xiuli , Schwab James J.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. To study the impact of fireworks (FW) events on air quality, aerosol particles from FW displays were measured using a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and collocated instruments during the Independence Day (July 4) holiday 2017 at Albany, NY, USA. Three FW events were identified through the potassium ion (K+) signals in the aerosol mass spectra. The largest FW event signal measured at two different sites was the Independence Day celebration in downtown Albany, with maximum hourly PM2.5 of about 55 μg m−3 at the downtown site (approximately 1 km from the FW launch location), and 33.3 μg m−3 of non-refractory PM1 at the uptown site (approximately 8 km downwind). The aerosol concentration peak measured at the uptown site occurred 2 hours later than at the downtown site. The Independence Day FW events resulted in significant increases in both organic and inorganic (K+, sulfate, chloride) chemical components. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) of organics mass spectra identified one FW related organic aerosol factor (FW-OOA) with a highly oxidized state. The intense emission of FW particles from the Independence Day celebration contributed about 79.0 % (26.1 μg m−3) of total PM1 (33.0 μg m−3) measured at the uptown site during Independence Day FW event (07/04 23:00–07/05 02:00). Aerosol measurements and wind LiDAR measurements showed two distinct pollution sources, one from the Independence Day FW event in Albany, and the other transported from the northeast, potentially associated with another city’s FW events. This study highlights the significant influence of FW burning on fine aerosol mass concentration and chemical characteristics, which is useful in quantifying the impacts of FW on air pollution, at a time when more than usual people are clustered together and breathing the outdoor air.
Characteristics of wet dissolved carbon deposition in a semi-arid catchment at the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Wang Linhua , Yen Haw , Chen Liding , E Xinhui , Wang Yafeng
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Wet dissolved carbon deposition is a critical node of the global carbon
cycle, but little is known about dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC
and DIC) concentrations and fluxes in the semi-arid areas of the Loess
Plateau Region (LPR). In this study, we measured variations in DOC and DIC
concentrations in rainfalls at Yangjuangou Ecological Restoration and Soil and
Water Observatory. Rainwater samples were collected in 16 rainfall events
from July to September and the event-based, monthly concentrations and fluxes
of DOC and DIC were quantified. The results showed that the event-based
concentrations and fluxes of DOC and DIC were highly variable, ranging from
0.56 to 28.71 mg C L−1 and from 3.47 to 17.49 mg C L−1,
respectively. The corresponding event-based fluxes ranged from
0.21–258.36 mg C m−2 and from 4.12 to 42.32 mg C m−2. The
monthly concentrations of DOC and DIC were 24.62 and 4.30 (July), 3.58 and
10.52 (August), and 1.01 and 5.89 (September) mg C L−1, respectively.
Thus, the monthly deposition fluxes of DOC and DIC were 541.64/94.60,
131.03/385.03, and 44.44/259.16 mg C m−2 for July, August, and
September, respectively. In addition, the concentrations of DOC and DIC for
the concentrated rainfall season (July–September) in the studied catchment
were 7.06 and 7.00 mg C L−1, respectively. The estimated annual wet
dissolved carbon depositions were 1.91 and 1.89 g C m−2 yr−1
for DOC and DIC, respectively. The results of this study suggest the
variation in concentrations and fluxes of DOC and DIC and explore that these
variation may be related to the dissolved carbon source and the rainfall
characteristics during the concentrated rainfall season in the semi-arid
catchment of the LPR. Furthermore, these results also suggest that dissolved
carbon may be an important external input of carbon into terrestrial
ecosystems.
Ground surface temperature reconstruction for the last 500 years obtained from permafrost temperatures observed in the SHARE STELVIO Borehole, Italian Alps
Authors: Guglielmin Mauro , Donatelli Marco , Semplice Matteo , Serra Capizzano Stefano
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Here we present the results of the inversion of a multi-annual temperature profile (2013, 2014, 2015) of the deepest borehole (235 m) in the mountain permafrost of the world located close to Stelvio Pass in the Central Italian Alps. The SHARE STELVIO Borehole (SSB) has been monitored since 2010 with 13 thermistors placed at different depths between 20 and 235 m. The negligible porosity of the rock (dolostone,  <  5 %) allows us to assume the latent heat effects are also negligible. The inversion model proposed here is based on the Tikhonov regularization applied to a discretized heat equation, accompanied by a novel regularizing penalty operator. The general pattern of ground surface temperatures (GSTs) reconstructed from SSB for the last 500 years is similar to the mean annual air temperature (MAAT) reconstructions for the European Alps. The main difference with respect to MAAT reconstructions relates to post Little Ice Age (LIA) events. Between 1940 and 1989, SSB data indicate a cooling of ca. 1 °C. Subsequently, a rapid and abrupt GST warming (more than 0.8 °C per decade) was recorded between 1990 and 2011. This warming is of the same magnitude as the increase in MAAT between 1990 and 2000 recorded in central Europe and roughly doubling the increase in MAAT in the Alps.
A simple weather generator for applications with limited data availability: TEmpotRain 1.0 for temperatures, extraterrestrial radiation, and potential evapotranspiration
Authors: de Rooij Gerrit Huibert
Published: June 2018

Abstract. A weather generator is introduced that has a Bartlett−Lewis rainfall generator in which storms with exponentially distributed time intervals between their starting times consist of cells of which the intervals between their starting times are exponentially distributed, and their durations and rainfall rates are both gamma–distributed. Each day is either overcast or clear, with the probability of a cloudy day depending on the daily rainfall. A temperature generator uses a sinusoidal annual signal of which the mean and the amplitude are both normally distributed. For overcast days, the amplitude is reduced. Superimposed on this signal is a first–order autoregressive model with independently identically normally distributed shocks for the daily mean temperature, which is assumed to be the average of the daily minimum and maximum temperature. The difference between the daily mean and extremes follows a lognormal distribution, the standard deviation of which is reduced for overcast days. The daily extraterrestrial radiation, mean and extreme temperatures, and, for one of the two models used, the 30–day rainfall sum, determine the daily potential evapotranspiration. To permit the generation of very long time series, leap years are taken into account. One hundred years of weather data were generated for two contrasting climates. The results show that the choice of the evapotranspiration model is consequential for temperate climates. Additional calculations demonstrate the effect of the daily temperature fluctuations on the potential evapotranspiration. Standard computational resources (laptop) suffice to run the weather generator. The Fortran90 source codes, input file formats, and user manual are provided.
Spring snow albedo feedback over northern Eurasia: Comparing in situ measurements with reanalysis products
Authors: Wegmann Martin , Dutra Emanuel , Jacobi Hans-Werner , Zolina Olga
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This study uses daily observations and modern reanalyses in order to evaluate
reanalysis products over northern Eurasia regarding the spring snow albedo
feedback (SAF) during the period from 2000 to 2013. We used the
state-of-the-art reanalyses from ERA-Interim/Land and the Modern-Era
Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) as
well as an experimental set-up of ERA-Interim/Land with prescribed short
grass as land cover to enhance the comparability with the station data while
underlining the caveats of comparing in situ observations with gridded data.
Snow depth statistics derived from daily station data are well reproduced in
all three reanalyses. However day-to-day albedo variability is notably higher
at the stations than for any reanalysis product. The ERA-Interim grass set-up
shows improved performance when representing albedo variability and generates
comparable estimates for the snow albedo in spring. We find that modern
reanalyses show a physically consistent representation of SAF, with realistic
spatial patterns and area-averaged sensitivity estimates. However,
station-based SAF values are significantly higher than in the reanalyses,
which is mostly driven by the stronger contrast between snow and snow-free
albedo. Switching to grass-only vegetation in ERA-Interim/Land increases the
SAF values up to the level of station-based estimates. We found no
significant trend in the examined 14-year time series of SAF, but interannual
changes of about 0.5 % K−1 in both station-based and reanalysis
estimates were derived. This interannual variability is primarily dominated
by the variability in the snowmelt sensitivity, which is correctly captured
in reanalysis products. Although modern reanalyses perform well for snow
variables, efforts should be made to improve the representation of dynamic
albedo changes.
Mercury in the Arctic tundra snowpack: temporal and spatial concentration patterns and trace gas exchanges
Authors: Agnan Yannick , Douglas Thomas A. , Helmig Detlev , Hueber Jacques , Obrist Daniel
Published: June 2018

Abstract. In the Arctic, the snowpack forms the major interface between atmospheric and
terrestrial cycling of mercury (Hg), a global pollutant. We investigated Hg
dynamics in an interior Arctic tundra snowpack in northern Alaska during two
winter seasons. Using a snow tower
system to monitor Hg trace gas exchange, we observed consistent concentration
declines of gaseous elemental Hg (Hggas0) from the atmosphere to
the snowpack to soils. The snowpack itself was unlikely a direct sink for
atmospheric Hggas0. In addition, there was no evidence of
photochemical reduction of HgII to Hggas0 in the tundra
snowpack, with the exception of short periods during late winter in the
uppermost snow layer. The patterns in this interior Arctic snowpack thus
differ substantially from observations in Arctic coastal and temperate
snowpacks. We consistently measured low concentrations of both total and
dissolved Hg in snowpack throughout the two seasons. Chemical tracers showed
that Hg was mainly associated with local mineral dust and regional marine sea
spray inputs. Mass balance calculations show that the snowpack represents a
small reservoir of Hg, resulting in low inputs during snowmelt. Taken
together, the results from this study suggest that interior Arctic snowpacks
are negligible sources of Hg to the Arctic.
To Be or Not to Be Decolonized: A Medicine Wheel Healing Education Model
Authors: Papp Theresa A.
Published: June 2018

Colonization has created a sea of troubles for Aboriginal learners through Eurocentric practices and principles that have marginalized learners resulting in lower educational attainment levels. The best reconciliation approach would be to decolonize classrooms so non-traditional learners who fail in mainstream classrooms can excel. This qualitative case study of a high school, mainly consisting of Aboriginal students, presents a medicine wheel healing education model that has decolonized and indigenized the classrooms resulting in improved educational outcomes, increased credit completion, attendance, and graduation rates. More important, students felt pride and improved self-esteem to be Aboriginal. The teaching style emulated traditional Aboriginal teaching by being hands-on, experiential, wholistic, personal, cooperative, flexible, and self-paced while incorporating Aboriginal culture and knowledge into the curriculum.
Medición de concentraciones de formaldehído en un laboratorio de anatomía humana, comparándolas con estándares internacionales
Authors: Hurtado Ernesto , Vallecampo Andrea , De Liévano Karen , De Artiga Beatriz , Vásquez Guadalupe
Published: June 2018

Introducción. El Laboratorio de Anatomía Humana dispone de cadáveres que han sido sometidos al proceso de fijación y conservación de tejidos mediante la aplicación de formaldehído (al 10%), sustancia tóxica y cancerígena para el ser humano, según lo estipulado por la International Agency for Research on Cancer (iarc), a la que están expuestos estudiantes, profesores y técnicos. La presente investigación tuvo como propósito medir las concentraciones de formaldehído en el ambiente dentro de las instalaciones de un laboratorio de Anatomía Humana y compararlas con estándares laborales internacionales. Metodología. El diseño del estudio fue transversal con enfoque descriptivo. La muestra del estudio fue de 640 mediciones realizadas con el aparato digital hal-hfx105 HalTech y aplicando la norma técnica de prevención ntp 587, validada para la determinación de gases y vapores orgánicos en el aire dentro del laboratorio. Resultado. La concentración de formaldehído promedio estimada en general dentro de las instalaciones del Laboratorio de Anatomía fue de 0.24 ppm. ConclusIón. El promedio de concentración de formaldehído encontrado en el presente estudio es inferior al límite de exposición profesional estimado por la American Conference of Industrial Hygienists (acgih), cuyo valor tlv-twa (Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average) para un día laboral de 8 horas y una semana de 40 horas, y como límite máximo a las concentraciones que cualquier trabajador puede ser expuesto día tras día sin efectos adversos, es de 0.3 ppm.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 11 No 1-2 ISSN 1818-202X enero-diciembre 2017, p. 7-13
Prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad y factores de riesgo asociados en empleados del Fondo de Protección de Lisiados y Discapacitados a Consecuencia del Conﬂicto Armado, enero-abril de 2017
Authors: Granados Castro Delmy Virginia , Mendoza Rodríguez Elmer Wilfredo , Rivas Hernández Isis Stephanie
Published: June 2018

Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad y factores de riesgo asociados en empleados del Fondo de Protección de Lisiados y Discapacitados a Consecuencia del Conflicto Armado (foprolyd), así como determinar la prevalencia de obesidad central. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo transversal de corte analítico en el que se estudió a 230 personas (con un 93% respuesta), independientemente de si son discapacitados físico o no. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas: peso, talla y circunferencia abdominal, ajustando el peso en el caso de personas con algún miembro amputado, se obtuvo el índice de masa corporal y se entrevistó a cada uno de ellos; finalmente, la asociación estadística de factores de riesgo con la enfermedad. Resultados. Se encontró una prevalencia global del 83.50% de sobrepeso/obesidad a predominio de obesidad; además, un elevado porcentaje de hábitos de alimentación inadecuados, sedentarismo y antecedente familiar de obesidad. Se encontró que una de cada tres personas posee obesidad central. Los factores de riesgo que se asociaron con obesidad fueron el consumo de más de cinco bebidas azucaradas procesadas a la semana, antecedente familiar de obesidad, peso anormal al nacer y haber padecido obesidad en etapas tempranas. Conclusiones. Hay una elevada prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en hombres y mujeres. Los factores de riesgo no modificables en la etapa adulta tienen significativamente mayor influencia en el padecimiento de obesidad que los factores modificables.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 11 No 1-2 ISSN 1818-202X enero-diciembre 2017, p. 23-30
Factores de riesgo y de protección asociados al consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana en estudiantes de séptimo a noveno grado en cinco centros educativos de la ciudad de San Salvador
Authors: Bautista Pérez Fabio
Published: June 2018

Introducción. El propósito del estudio fue determinar la existencia de factores de riesgo y de protección asociados al consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana en estudiantes de séptimo grado a noveno grado en centros educativos de la ciudad de San Salvador, El Salvador, Centro América. Metodología. El estudio fue enfocado en la prevención del consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana porque, de acuerdo con los antecedentes revisados, estas son las drogas más consumidas en el país. Fue aplicado en cinco centros de estudio, con enfoque descriptivo y un diseño transversal, en una muestra no probabilística de 268 estudiantes. Resultados. El consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana entre los adolescentes continúa presente con prevalencias de consumo acordes con las reportadas por el país para esta población en los últimos años, donde el sexo masculino tuvo un consumo más alto que el femenino. Se encontraron 33 factores de riesgo asociados al consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana y solamente seis factores de protección. Conclusión. Se considera que la existencia de muchos factores de riesgo y pocos factores de protección en el ambiente están incidiendo en un mayor consumo de drogas y en la baja efectividad de los programas o estrategias de prevención de drogas en general.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 11 No 1-2 ISSN 1818-202X enero-diciembre 2017, p. 67-81
Presentación Vol. 11 No. 1-2
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

CREA CIENCIA Vol. 11 No 1-2 ISSN 1818-202X enero-diciembre 2017
Capitalismo flexível: representações sob uma pretensa “sofisticação” / Flexible capitalism: representations under the “sofisticated” appearance
Authors: Carmo Roney Gusmao , Santos Alves Ana Elizabeth
Published: June 2018

As transformações verificadas no sistema capitalista no final do século XX impactaram distintas organizações do mercado ao redor do mundo, impondo novas perspectivas econômicas, políticas e, sobretudo, sociais/comportamentais. O comércio se tornou apenas um dos espaços remontados pelo nexo da flexibilidade, motivando diferentes opiniões sobre o processo de mudanças. O presente texto se ocupa em compreender a forma como os sujeitos representam em seus discursos o “novo” capitalismo flexível, aqui entendido como um fenômeno histórico e global.Palavras-chave: capitalismo flexível, representações comuns, comércio. AbstractThe changes observed in the capitalist system in the late twentieth century impacted different market organizations around the world, imposing new economic, political and especially social / behavioral. The trade became one of the spaces reassembled at the nexus of flexibility, motivating different views on the process of change. This text aims to understand how the subjects in their speeches represent the "new" flexible capitalism, understood here as a historical and global phenomenon. Keywords: flexible capitalism, common representations, trade.
La tecnología de riego y la disputa por el agua subterránea en Córdoba, Argentina / Irrigation technology and the dispute over groundwater in Cordoba, Argentina
Authors: Riera Constanza
Published: June 2018

En la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, a mediados de 1990, se adoptó el riego con agua subterránea como una nueva tecnología para la producción de cultivos extensivos, lo que permitió el uso de este recurso a gran escala. La falta de un marco regulatorio y utilización privada del agua subterránea trajeron aparejadas disputas políticas entre los agricultores y las autoridades públicas por el usufructo de este recurso, que dieron lugar a la creación de Consorcios de Usuarios. Utilizando herramientas metodológicas de la etnografía, aquí se analiza cómo en este proceso de génesis institucional de los Consorcios, los usuarios y los agentes del poder público se comprometen en una batalla interpretativa sobre la legitimidad de la intervención del Estado a propósito del uso y la propiedad del agua subterránea, en la que la oposición público – privado juega un rol central al establecer éticas de la responsabilidad contrapuestas. Palabras clave: agua subterránea, riego, relaciones de propiedad, Córdoba (Argentina).AbstractIn the province of Cordoba, Argentina, a new irrigation technology for the production of extensive crops was adopted in mid-1990. This new technology allowed the large-scale use of groundwater, a common resource which until then was not available. The lack of a regulatory framework and the private resource utilization brought along political disputes between farmers and public authorities for the use of groundwater that led to the creation of Consortium of Users. Using methodological resources from anthropology, in this paper it is analyze how, in this process of institutional genesis, users and government agents undertake an interpretative battle over the legitimacy of state intervention regarding the use and ownership of groundwater, in which public-private opposition plays a key role in establishing competing ethics of responsibility.Keywords: groundwater, irrigation, ownership relations, Córdoba (Argentina).
Metodologia para simulação de vazão em bacias hidrográficas: o caso da sub-bacia hidrográfica Fazenda Letreiro - MG / Methodology for flow simulation in river basins: study case of the sub-basin of Fazenda Letreiro - MG
Authors: Da Silva Mirna Karla Amorim , Rosa Roberto
Published: June 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é estimar as emissões de metano durante o enchimento do reservatório da hidrelétrica Serra do Facão utilizando imagens Landsat TM. A metodologia desenvolvida neste trabalho compreende as etapas das correções geométricas e radiométricas, recorte e processamento das imagens. Para realizar a estimativa foi necessário calcular índices de vegetação e identificar características como biomassa, índice de área foliar, atividade fotossintética, produtividade. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho são do metano estimado durante o enchimento do lago da represa da usina hidrelétrica Serra do Facão. Os valores estimados de metano variaram entre 2,38 e 64,08 kg/km2/dia e estão de acordo com os dados publicados no Relatório de Referência do Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT) e com outros trabalhos desenvolvidos em reservatórios tropicais. A metodologia aqui descrita pode servir para mitigar os efeitos resultantes do enchimento de grandes reservatórios. Com a técnica pode-se identificar regiões prioritárias para a supressão da vegetação que ficará submersa.Palavras–chave: Sensoriamento remoto, Landsat, Cerrado, Índices de vegetaçãoAbstractThe aim of this study is to estimate methane emissions during the filling of the reservoir of the Serra do Facão hydroelectric plant using Landsat TM images. The methodology developed in this work comprises the steps of radiometric and geometric corrections, cropping and image processing. To estimate methane emissions, we had to calculate vegetation indices, identify features like biomass, leaf area index, photosynthetic activity, productivity. The results obtained in this work are the estimated methane during the filling of the Lake of the dam of Serra do Facão hydroelectric power plant. The estimated values of methane varied between 2.38 and 64.08 kg/km2/day and are according to the data published in the report of Ministry of science and technology (MCT) and with other projects developed in tropical reservoirs. The methodology described here can serve to mitigate the effects of filling of large reservoirs. With the technique can identify priority regions for the removal of vegetation that will be submerged.Keywords: Remote sensing, Landsat, Cerrado, Vegetation index.