bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Failure Analysis Techniques for Lead-Free Solder Joints
Authors: Castello Todd , Rooney Dan , Shangguan Dongkai
Published: December 2020

Printed circuit board assembly with lead free solder is now a reality for most global electronics manufacturers. Extensive research and development has been conducted to bring lead free assembly processes to a demonstrated proficiency. Failure analysis has been an integral part of this effort and will continue to be needed to solve problems in volume production. Many failure analysis techniques can be directly applied to study lead free solder interconnects, while others may require some modification in order to provide adequate analysis results. In this paper, several of the most commonly applied techniques for solder joint failure analysis will be reviewed, including visual inspection, x-ray radiography, mechanical strength testing, dye & pry, metallography, and microscopy/photomicrography, comparing their application to lead bearing and lead free solder interconnects. Common failure modes and mechanisms will be described with examples specific to lead free solders, following PCB assembly as well as after accelerated reliability tests.
The Versatile Application for In-situ Lift-out TEM Sample Preparation by Micromanipulator and Nanomotor
Authors: Lee Jon C. , Lee B.H.
Published: December 2020

The device features have shrunk to sub-micron/nano-meter range, and the process technology has been getting more complicated, so TEM has become a necessary tool for PFA imaging and element analysis. Conventional FIB ex-situ liftout is the most common technique for precise sample preparation. But this method has some limitations: samples cannot be reprocessed for further analysis; the carbon film supported grid affects the EDS analysis for carbon elements. A new installation will be introduced in this article, which is set up in FIB chamber for in-situ lift-out application. It not only overcomes the above problems, but also covers a wide application of TEM sample preparation.
Physics of Failure Investigation of Dark VCSEL Devices: Detection of Reverse-Bias Electroluminescence by Emission Microscopy
Authors: McElfresh D. K. , Lopez L. D. , Melanson R. , Vacar D.
Published: December 2020

We present a new failure analysis technique for dark (optically degraded) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Measurements of spatially and spectrally resolved light emission under reverse bias provide key information on the failure mechanism.
X-Ray Nanoanalysis in the SEM
Authors: Vanderlinde William E. , Chernoff Don
Published: December 2020

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is generally thought of as a bulk analysis technique that is not suited for nano-scale analysis. This paper discusses several options for reducing or eliminating the interaction volume size and obtaining x-ray data with much higher spatial resolution and surface sensitivity than is typically achieved in the SEM. These include collecting data at very low accelerating voltages to minimize beam spread in the sample, tilting the sample to keep the interaction volume near the surface, and analyzing thin sections to reduce or eliminate the problem of beam spread in the sample. Computer software simulations, in conjunction with experimental data are used to illustrate these methods. The paper also discusses issues effecting EDS analysis in the environmental SEM. It has been shown that computer modeling is a useful tool for determining the optimum beam conditions to improve energy dispersive analysis in the SEM.
Kinematical Simulation of HOLZ Pattern for Uniaxial Strain Determination
Authors: Chen Tung-Hung , Bow Jong-Shing
Published: December 2020

Strained silicon induced by the CMOS device process has been considered an important technology for improving the performance of MOSFETs by increasing local carrier mobility in the current channel. In order to evaluate the feasibility of using convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) in lattice strain determination, high-order Laue zone (HOLZ) lines inside the center disc of a CBED pattern with specific zone axes were kinematically simulated. The intersecting HOLZ lines shift was plotted against the lattice parameter for the determination of uniaxial strain.
Using High Speed Camera Metrology in Support of Failure Analysis and Product Development
Authors: Hezeltine Wade , Williams Richard L. , Liang Frank Z.
Published: December 2020

Typical failure analyses metrologies for dynamic failures are cross-sections, microscopy, dye-and-pull, optical and SEM. Using these traditional metrologies to find root cause for a dynamic event can be very time consuming and often the results cannot point directly to the root cause itself. The standard approach is to work backward to reconstruct the “event” that caused or initiated the failure. Often the root cause is not immediately obvious and iterative testing to identify the true root cause is costly in time, materials and resources. At Intel we have been using high speed imaging and motion analysis (HSIMA) to identify the failure at the point of initiation. Using the point of initiation concept with reconstructive modeling allows a design team to identify potential initiating sources and better match and implement corrective action. HSIMS has proven to decreases development time, minimized product design cycle and increases market opportunities by decreasing cycle times to root cause of failures.
Advanced Scan Diagnosis Based Fault Isolation and Defect Identification for Yield Learning
Authors: Eddleman Chris , Tamarapalli Nagesh , Cheng Wu-Tung
Published: December 2020

Yield analysis of sub-micron devices is an ever-increasing challenge. The difficulty is compounded by the lack of in-line inspection data as many companies adopt foundry or fab-less models for acquiring wafers. In this scenario, failure analysis is increasingly critical to help drive yields. Failure analysis is a process of fault isolation, or a method of isolating failures as precisely as possible followed by identification of a physical defect. As the number of transistors and metal layers increase, traditional fault isolation techniques are less successful at isolating a cause of failures. Costs are increasing due to the amount of time needed to locate the physical defect. One solution to the yield analysis problem is scan diagnosis based fault isolation. Previous scan diagnosis based techniques were limited with little information about the type of fault and confidence of diagnosis. With new scan diagnosis algorithms it is now possible to not only isolate, but to identify the type of fault as well as assigning a confidence ranking prior to any destructive analysis. This paper presents multiple case studies illustrating the application of scan diagnosis as an effective means to achieve yield enhancement. The advanced scan diagnostic tool used in this study provides information about the fault type as well as fault location. This information focuses failure analysis efforts toward a suspected defect, decreasing the cycle time required to determine root cause, as well as increasing the over all success rate.
Diagnosis of Multiple Scan Chain Faults
Authors: Kong Chia Ling , Islam Mohammed R.
Published: December 2020

Precise isolation and resolution of scan chain defects are more critical than ever due to increased reliance on scan-based design to achieve desired test content. At the same time, its diagnosis is becoming more difficult as product design increases in complexity alongside shrinking fabrication processes. In this paper, we present a new scan chain diagnosis procedure that is centered on Load Pass Unload Fail/Load Fail Unload Pass (LPUF/LFUP) and Scan Shift Logic State Mapping (SSLSM) techniques to isolate both stuck-at and timing scan chain faults without the design overhead and defect assumptions of previously proposed methods. More importantly, this procedure is extended to analyze scan chain with multiple defects, which is becoming a more frequent occurrence as process scales down in size.
AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF BRAND EQUITY BASED ON TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE ATTRIBUTES ON TWEETS OF THE LARGEST WESTERN EUROPE MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
Authors:   University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain, Ramos Fernando Jurado , Perez-Aranda Javier ,   University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
Published: December 2020

Social networks have become a means of interaction between companies or organizations and consumers. However, few studies have dealt with the use of tangible and intangible attributes on social networks of manufacturing companies. This work deepens the concept of brand equity of European manufacturing companies through the analysis of brand engagement and electronic word-of mouth (eWOM) generated by social media posts. Firstly, tangible and intangible attributes have been identified on tweets. Secondly, it has been analysed if there is a link between tweets based on tangible and intangible attributes and number of likes (brand engagement) or retweets (eWOM). The multivariate analysis results show relationships between publications including the analysed attributes and brand equity. In contrast, eWOM is only related with tangible attributes. Conclusions are discussed.
Effects of Brisk Walking on Plasma Lipoprotein(a), Total Antioxidant Status, Aerobic Fitness, Percent Body Fat, Waist Circumference and Resting Blood Pressure in Overweight and Obese Females
Authors: CK Chen , NS Kamarul Hisham , NA Jeffri
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a major public health challenge in many nations including Malaysia. Physical activity has been shown to be a modifiable determinant of obesity and non-communicable diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of brisk walking on plasma lipoprotein(a), total antioxidant status, percent body fat, aerobic fitness, waist circumference and resting blood pressure in overweight and obese females. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight females (Age: 23.2 ± 3.9 years BMI: 28.8 ± 4.5 kg.m-2) were randomly assigned into 2 groups: control (C) and brisk walking (BW) groups. Pre- and post-tests were carried out to measure participants’ anthropometric measurements, aerobic fitness, resting blood pressure and blood sample for lipoprotein(a) and total antioxidant levels. Participants in BW group performed the brisk walking exercise, 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks. Participants in C group maintained their sedentary lifestyle and refrained from any other training programme. Results: After 6 weeks of intervention, plasma lipoprotein(a) level was significantly reduced in both BW and C groups. There were also significant reductions in waist circumference, percent body fat and resting blood pressure in BW group. However, there were no significant differences in total antioxidant status and aerobic fitness after the brisk walking programme. Conclusion: 6 weeks of brisk walking programme reduces plasma lipoprotein(a), percent body fat, waist circumference and resting blood pressure in overweight and obese females. Therefore, brisk walking is an appropriate exercise to reduce some of the risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among overweight and obese females.
Is it Possible to Analyze Petroglyph Moving from Idioms? The Meaning of Tail Types in Tamga Shaped Mountain Goat Figures
Authors: ŞAHİN İbrahim
Published: December 2020

Petroglyphs are important language of communication of history without illustrators and readers. In this article, the possibility of analyzing petroglyph based on idioms emphasizes and a research method model is presented. Tail types encountered in tamgha shaped mountain goat figures were investigated by using “The Method of Petroglyph Analysis based on Idioms”. The results of analysis on selected idioms from three dialect groups of Turkish language showed that ‘tail’ refers ‘honor’ and ‘power’. Accordingly, the long and upright tailed mountain goat tamgha is the symbol of honor and power of khan. Another conclusion is the limiting rule in drawing these figures. Accordingly, the tamghas drawn must correspond to the social status of the person it represents. So the long upright tail could be drawn to represent the khan and the dynasty. All of these conclusions points out the importance of petroglyphs, as a visual material, in the social communication process.
النموذج المعرفي للناصر صلاح الدين الأيوبي لتحرير الأرض المقدسة من الإحتلال الصليبي، كأداة تحليلية لفهم وتفسير وإدراك وتوجيه واقعنا المعاصر
Authors: EL-AWAISI Abd Al-fattah
Published: December 2020

ملخص: من خلال إعادة التأمل في التجربة التاريخية للناصر صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب، تهدف هذه المقالة بشكل أساسي إلى اكتشاف النموذج المعرفي للناصر صلاح الدين الأيوبي لتحرير الأرض المقدسة من الإحتلال الصليبي والتعريف به، ليساعد ويعين على فهم الحاضر وتفسيره، واستشراف المستقبل وتوجيه ما سيجري في المنطقة العربية في السنوات القادمة، والتأثير في مجرى الأفكار والأحداث المتعلقة ببيت المقدس، ولاسيما في هذه الظروف التي يمر بها غرب آسيا، من خلال توفير أداة تحليلية لفهم وتفسير وإدراك وتوجيه واقعنا المعاصر، وتقديم بناء معرفي مهم ومساهمة معرفية قيمة لقيادة التغيير والتحرير والعمران القادم. وبالتالي، يهدف التعريف بهذا النموذج المعرفي للناصر صلاح الدين الأيوبي إلى تحريك المياه الراكدة لعله ينتج حراكاً لبناء خطة استراتيجية للتحرير القادم. أو بعبارة أخرى الإسهام في صناعة التاريخ المستقبلي، في وقت تتعرض فيه قضية بيت المقدس لصراع حضاري عنيف، وأخطر مؤامرة في تاريخها الحديث والمعاصر، تهدف إلى تصفيتها ولاسيما بعد فشل الموجة الأولى للتغيير في المنطقة، والاستعداد للموجة الثانية. ومن خلال استخدام النموذج المعرفي كأداة تحليلية لفهم وتفسير وإدراك وتوجيه واقعنا المعاصر، خلصت المقالة إلى ثلاث نقاط مركزية، ستعين في استشراف المستقبل وتوجيهه، ورسم معالم التحرير القادم. كما حددت ثلاث خطوات أساسية يجب القيام بها لإنجاح عملية التحرير القادم على مستوى المجتمعات والشعوب والحركات والأمة.
Hadislerde Kudüs ve Mescid-i Aksa
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Mehmet Emin
Published: December 2020

Beytülmakdis, hem İslâm âleminin hem de Yahudi ve Hristiyan âlemlerinin kutsal mekânlarından biridir. Kutsal mekânlar, kutsiyetlerini diniî metinlerden alır. Müslümanlar için Kudüs’ü değerli kılan atıflar, İslâm’ın iki temel kaynağı olan Kur’an-ı Kerîm ve hadis metinlerinde mevcuttur. Kur’an’da bir defa ve Mescid-ü’l-Aksâ şeklinde zikredilen kutsal mescidin, hadislerde daha geniş yer bulduğu ve birçok bağlamda Resûlüllah’ın Mescid-i Aksâ’yı zikrettiği görülmüştür. Onlarca hadis metnini, muhtevasında işlenen konular bakımından dört ana başlık altında tasnif etmek mümkündür. Bunlar, Beytülmakdis’in imarı, İsrâ, ilk kıble meselesi ve mescidin faziletleridir. Bu hadislerde Mescid için kullanılan isimlendirmeler de dikkat çekmekte, özellikle İsrâ hadisesinde Resûlüullah’ın gittiği mescidle ilgili tartışmalara bu lafızlar açıklık getirmektedir. Bu makalede, hadis metinleri, Kütüb-i Tis’a olarak adlandırılan dokuz temel hadis kitabı çerçevesinde ele alınacak, hadislerde yer aldığı şekliyle Mescid-i Aksâ işlenecektir. Metinlerde konuyla ilgili lafızlar incelenerek, özellikle İsrâ hadisesinde yürünen mescidin konumu ile ilgili güncel tartışmalar ve ilmi dayanakları kritik edilecektir.
Atılganlık Eğitiminin Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Duygusal Öğrenme Becerilerine Etkisi
Authors: Demirelli Mehmet Akif , Barut Yaşar
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmada ortaokul öğrencilerine uygulanan atılganlık eğitiminin öğrencilerin sosyal, duygusal öğrenme becerilerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya 25(13K-12E) deney 25(13K-12E) kontrol grubu olmak üzere 50 ortaokul öğrencisi katılmıştır. Eğitimin duyurusu okullarda afişlerle yapılmış ve öğrenciler gönüllü olarak eğitime başvurmuşlardır. Araştırmada deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Öğrenciler 10 oturumluk Atılganlık Eğitimine katılmışlardır. Katılımcıların sosyal, duygusal öğrenme becerilerini ölçmek için Sosyal Duygusal Öğrenme Becerileri Ölçeği (SDÖBÖ) kullanılmıştır. Uygulama öncesinde deney ve kontrol gruplarının ön test puanlarını analiz etmek amacıyla bağımsız örneklemler için t testi, uygulama sonrasında deney ve kontrol gruplarının ön test-son test puanları farkını analiz etmek için bağımlı örneklemler t testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak atılganlık eğitimi öğrencilerin sosyal ve duygusal öğrenmelerine, iletişim becerileri ve stres düzeylerine anlamlı şekilde etki ederken, problem çözme ve kendilik algılarına anlamlı şekilde etki etmemiştir.
Türkiye’de Yapılan Oyun Terapisi Çalışmalarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Türe Ediz , Barut Yaşar
Published: December 2020

Çocukların psikolojik olarak sağlıklı olmaları hem onlar için hem de o ülkenin geleceği için oldukça mühimdir. Oyun terapisi, çocukların psikolojik sağlıklarının korunmasında etkili olan, psikolojik bozukluklarının tedavi edilmesine yardımcı olan ve her geçen gün daha çok kullanılan bir terapi çeşididir. Bu terapi çocukların kendini doğru şekilde ifade edebilmesini, ruhsal problemlerini aktarabilmesini kolaylaştırır ve tedavi sürecine yardım eder. Ülkemizde oyun terapisi çalışmalarının son yıllarda daha çok yapıldığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada ülkemizde oyun terapisi ile ilgili yapılan, ulaşılabilen tüm tez ve makaleler incelenerek hem kat edilen yolu görmek hem de gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara yönelik ışık tutmak hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışmada amaçsal örnekleme stratejilerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ve doküman analizi tekniğiyle Google Akademik, ULAKBİM ve Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanlarından "oyun terapisi, oyun teknikleri, oyun tedavisi" kelimeleri ile literatür taranmış ve 26 tez, 14 makale toplam da 40 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre ülkemizde oyun terapisi çalışmalarının 1987 yılı itibariyle başladığı, 2015 yılı itibariyle popülerlik kazandığı, en çok Çocuk Merkezli olmak üzere 7 farklı oyun terapisi çeşidiyle çalışmalar yapıldığı görülmüştür. Bu araştırmadan elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda çocuklarla ilgili vakalarda en önemli terapi yöntemlerinden olan oyun terapisiyle ilgili ülkemizdeki araştırma sayısının yetersiz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Farklı oyun terapisi yaklaşımlarıyla, farklı deney gruplarıyla daha çok araştırma yapılarak literatürün geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir.
Selecting the appropriate project delivery method for real estate projects using fuzzy AHP
Authors:   Bogazici University, Comu Semra , Kural Zehra , Yucel Busra
Published: December 2020

The real estate industry holds a remarkably significant share in the Turkish economy. Due to the nature ofthe dynamic characteristics of the real estate industry, project achievement is not an easy task. Choosing the appropriate Project Delivery Method (PDM) is significantly crucial, considering that it provides various benefits, including economic contribution and time-saving. This study aims to determine the main factors affecting PDM selection with the most suitable analysis method for real estate projects in Turkey. The PDM types used in the real estate sector and the factors affecting the appropriate PDM selection process are identified based on literature review and interviews with professionals related to the Turkish real estate industry. The model generated is utilized as a tool in choosing the appropriate PDM in real estate projects by using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In terms of the theoretical contribution to the literature, this study identifies five main factors categorized as i) time-related issues, ii) cost, funding and cash flow related issues, iii) scope related issues, iv) owner organization, risk, and relationship related issues, and vi)project characteristic issues with 13 sub-factors. In addition to the theoretical contribution, a hierarchical model and a Fuzzy AHP based approach to select the appropriate PDM for the real estate projects in Turkey are provided as a practical contribution.
A review on the performance of reinforced concrete structures under blast loading
Authors: Senthil K. , Gupta Iwansh , Rupali S. , Pelecanos Loizos
Published: December 2020

An explosion on the elevated structures caused by terrorist activities or manmade events can induce significant deformations in the Civil Engineering structures. Therefore, it is necessary to review the response of the structural behavior such as reinforced concrete slab, reinforced concrete beams, and columns. On the basis of this objective, a detailed literature review is conducted to understand the scope for protecting such structures and the structural behavior under blast loading. Based on the detailed literature survey, the investigations about the behavior of conventional reinforced concrete columns and slab initiated in 2005 however, the behavior of reinforced concrete beam was focused since the year 2010. Also, the literature reveals that the investigations on structural elements using analytical techniques are limited in comparison to experiments and simulations. In addition to that, the response of the structural elements was predicted and the trend was calibrated and fitted logarithmically with the experimental results. The predicted spall diameter in the reinforced concrete slab is 0.95 m corresponding charge weight of 100 kg however the influence of spalling was found to be negligible after the 100 kg of charge weight. The predicted spall length in the reinforced concrete beam is 1.6 m corresponding charge weight of 100 kg and the effect may be negligible after 100 kg of charge weight. The predicted deflection in the reinforced concrete columns is 30 mm corresponding to a peak reflected impulse of 1000 MPa-ms, whereas the deflection was found to be negligible after the 1000 MPa-ms of peak reflected impulse.
Seismic hazard assessment of existing reinforced concrete bridge structure using pushover analysis
Authors: Firoj Mohd , Ojha Sauhardra , Poddar Prince , Singh Sanjeew Kumar
Published: December 2020

The present paper focuses on the nonlinear static pushover analysis of a 3-span existing RC bridge located in Indian seismic Zone IV as per IS1893-2016 using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The 3D model of the RC bridge is simulated using the FEM technique and pushover analysis is performed to analyze the structure for modal mass participating ratio, performance level, spectral demand, and capacity of the structure. The bridge pier and longitudinal girder are modeled using the two noded beam element and bent cap and abutment of the bridge structure is modeled using the 8 noded brick element. The base of the column is assumed fixed condition. The pushover analysis is performed using Displacement Modification (FEMA 440) and Capacity Spectrum Method (ATC 40). The outcomes of results appear that the considered bridge has inadequate capacity to cope up with any of the desired performance levels because spectral demand is greater than the spectral capacity. The modal analysis of the 3D bridge exposes that it has many closely-spaced modes. The mass participating ratio for the higher modes is not very high. After performing pushover analysis of the exiting RC bridge structure it has been concluded that the existing bridge structure does not meet seismic criteria of spectral demand as per the ATC 40 and FEMA 440, therefore retrofitting is required for bridge component i.e. piers, abutment, and bent cap.
Food, Health Habits and Anthropometric Indices of Under-Five Aged Children in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Enyoh C.E. , Onyeneke E.N. , JC Amadi , HO Anyanwu , EC Ekeogu , Enyoh C.E.
Published: December 2020

This study examined the food and health habits and anthropometric indices of under-5 aged children in
Mbieri, Mbaitolu Local Government Area (L.G.A) in Imo State, Nigeria. Cross-sectional descriptive
research design was used for the study. Research methodology included assessment of nutritional status by
anthropometric measurements to determine the weight, height and age of children. Dietary intake and food
habits assessment was determined using a 24-hour recall. The respondents were mothers with children under
five years or caregivers where the mother did not live with the child. Using interviewer-administered
questionnaire, information on socio-demographics, dietary history/pattern, food habits, health information
and anthropometric measurements of selected pupils was obtained. Data collected were summarised and
analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) programme. Results from analysed data were
presented in frequencies, percentages and means. Findings of the study showed that 7.6% and 6.5% of the
children were moderately and severely stunted, 1.1% and 5.4% were moderately and severely wasted, 10.9%
and 7.6% were moderately and severely overweight and 6.5% and 1.1% were moderately and severely
underweight. Spearman correlation coefficient tests were used to determine relationships between dietary
intake, food habit, health and nutritional status of children under five years. A level of P≤0.05 was used to
indicate statistical significance in all analysis.
Castleman disease with rapidly progressive pemphigus: a case report
Authors:   Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China., Fu Ruiying , He Yingzhi ,   Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China., Wang Liang
Published: December 2020

Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare autoimmune disorder of the skin, which is associated with various underlying benign or malignant neoplasms. We report a case of a 34-year-old man with rapidly progressed and extensive skin lesions, and significant weight loss. He was diagnosed as pemphigus Vulgaris with a skin biopsy firstly, then the PET/CT scan showed a retroperitoneal mass. Pathological examination of the retroperitoneal mass confirmed the diagnosis of Castleman disease with paraneoplastic pemphigus. By reporting this case, we aimed to improve the clinical alertness and awareness of Castleman disease in patients characterized by paraneoplastic pemphigus. Keywords: Paraneoplastic pemphigus, Castleman disease, paraneoplastic syndrome, hematologic malignancies
РОЛЬ ОРГАНІВ МІСЦЕВОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ У ПІДГОТОВЦІ МЕДИЧНИХ КАДРІВ В КІНЦІ ХІХ СТ. (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ЧЕРНІГІВСЬКОЇ ЗЕМСЬКОЇ ФЕЛЬДШЕРСЬКОЇ ШКОЛИ)
Authors: Нікітін Юрій
Published: December 2020

На основі маловідомих історичних джерел з використанням методів історико-архівного аналізу, синтезу та аналізу висвітлено роль Чернігівського губернського земства в процесі становлення та діяльності Чернігівської земської фельдшерської школи у другій половині ХІХ ст.Історіографічний аналіз засвідчив, що наявні праці недостатньо повно розкривають основні аспекти обраної для дослідження проблеми. У результаті проведеного дослідження висвітлено основні етапи становлення чернігівської земської фельдшерської школи. Акцентовано увагу на зусиллях земців та педагогів школи, спрямованих на поліпшенні якості викладання навчальних дисциплін, які були спрямовані на підготовку висококваліфікованих медичних працівників. Приділено увагу визначенню маловідомих аспектів обраної теми, які потребують подальшої наукової розробки.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL-SOAL MATEMATIKA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 23 REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Nuraziz Atma , S. Sukasno , Fitriyana Nur
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research is to describe students' concept comprehension ability in solving math problems in grade VIII of SMP Negeri 23 Rejang Lebong. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The subjects in this study were grade VIII-1 students of SMP Negeri 23 Rejang Lebong which were divided into 3 groups, namely students with high ability, medium ability, and low ability. Data collection techniques in this study use test and interview techniques. The results showed that the percentage of achievement of each indicator of students' overall concept comprehension ability lies in the criteria of 56.67%. With the details of each concept understanding indicator as follows: 1) The indicator reasates a concept by 61.11%, 2) Indicators provide examples and not examples of 80.56%, 3) Indicators classify objects according to certain traits according to their concept of 40.74%, 4) Indicators present concepts in the form of mathematical representations of 53.24%, 5) Indicators develop necessary terms and conditions sufficient for a concept of 64.81 %, 6) Indicators using , utilizing and selecting certain procedures or operations by 40.28%, and 7) Indicators apply concepts or algorithms in troubleshooting by 66.20_%.
Acciones para la implementación de procesos inclusivos en instituciones de educación superior
Authors: Gutiérrez Yhara , San Martín Marilyn
Published: December 2020

In our country, access to higher education is governed by laws and decrees that regulate inclusion procedures, but do not provide specific guidelines on how to carry it out. This study seeks to reveal the main actions for the admission and maintenance of students with disabilities in higher education. For this purpose, a qualitative investigation was carried out, based on intentional sampling and semi-structured interviews with the participation of 8 higher education national institutions. For analyzing of information, the Grounded Theory technique was used. The results were organized into three levels of analysis: First, to describe admission processes, programs to support inclusion and accessibility; second, to analyze the efficiency of inclusion programs; and finally, to carry out a global analysis, categorizing barriers or facilitators for inclusion. The results allowed to conclude that, despite the advances in the matter, higher education institutions are still required to promote institutional policies that affect the educational community in order to change the inclusive paradigm, and to institutionalize supports, considering that there is no single formula, since the supports depend on the culture of each institution.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA COBERTURA VEGETAL NO PROCESSO DE EROSÃO E DEGRADAÇÃO DO SOLO NO ENSINO DA GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Nogueira de Sá Leonardo , Angelo leite João paulo , Filho Gilson Brandão da Rocha
Published: December 2020

O solo é algo extremamente necessário para todos os seres vivos do planeta, pois o mesmo permite a manutenção do ecossistema terrestre. Devido ao solo, as plantas absorvem seus nutrientes para sobreviverem no qual o mesmo é essencial para o nascimento e crescimento das plantas, assim como, os seres vivos dependem dele indiretamente para sobreviverem. A referente pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a importância da cobertura vegetal para o meio ambiente, tanto para nós seres humanos como para os solos de maneira geral, destacando as formas de degradação do solo e expor aos discentes a sua importância. Diante disso, é necessário um cuidado especial, poluir o solo e o desmata-lo prejudica o seu desenvolvimento, assim como, a fauna e flora de uma região. O solo desprotegido pode sofrer com as ações de desestruturação e desagregação ocasionada pela exposição direta aos raios solares, assim como os impactos das gotas de chuva resultando em erosões. É notório que a cobertura vegetal mantém a sustentabilidade da terra e mantém a umidade do solo, ajudando na decomposição e aumentando a matéria orgânica e nutrientes da terra. O solo serve como proteção e moradia para inúmeras espécies de animais e microrganismos, e a partir dele que os vegetais se desenvolvem fornecendo fonte de energia a toda a cadeia alimentar, garantindo a sobrevivência de diversas espécies. O solo é um componente da paisagem de grande valor para a existência dos seres vivos, porém o ensino deste assunto não vem recebendo a devida importância nas escolas e pouco abordado. Esse estudo tem um enorme valor, pois além de desenvolver o aprendizado sobre a importância dos solos, promove a conservação.
JOGOS DIDÁTICOS COMO PLATAFORMA DE AULA: DESCONSTRUINDO PRECONCEITOS NO ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA
Authors: Barboza Wallace Figuerêdo , Braga Dan Vitor Vieira
Published: December 2020

A Teoria da evolução é a base do ensino de Biologia, incorporando a ideia de que todos os organismos do planeta, incluindo espécies extintas e os seres humanos, compartilham ancestrais comuns em algum nível do passado da Terra. Isto tornou a sistemática filogenética uma ferramenta para a análise de padrões evolutivos dos seres vivos que se conectam ao longo de sua história, bem como, subsidiou a classificação dos seres vivos. Porém, é uma das principais dificuldades levantadas pelos alunos ao estudar Biologia, devido a grande diversidade de organismos estudados e a quantidade de termos técnicos a eles associados. Acredita-se que a implantação de novas práticas educativas pode auxiliar o processo ensino-aprendizagem de Biologia. O objetivo da pesquisa foi desenvolver e aplicar jogos didáticos como ferramentas inovadoras no ensino do conteúdo de Vertebrados e sua classificação. O presente estudo foi aplicado em uma turma do 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola Estadual de Referência em Ensino Médio que ainda não haviam vivenciado esse conteúdo. Com intuito de ministrar uma aula usando metodologias inovadoras através de atividades lúdicas para o ensino do conteúdo de vertebrados, foi aplicado como plataforma de aula três jogos didáticos. Um dia após a aula, foi aplicado um questionário de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, usando questões de múltipla escolha, questões abertas e de verdadeiro ou falso abordando o conteúdo “Vertebrados”. Desta forma, avaliaram-se os conhecimentos dos alunos e como o jogo didático pôde ter influenciado no processo de ensino/aprendizagem. Baseado nos dados obtidos observou-se que, apesar do preconceito inicial externalizado, os alunos obtiveram bons resultados com a aplicação do jogo, levando em conta que ainda não haviam visto o conteúdo, e que o jogo didático surtiu efeito positivo no processo ensino aprendizagem baseado nas colocações feitas pelos discentes que gostaram da metodologia.
Charismatic Role of a Religious Minority in the United States
Authors: Ali Zaidi Syed Muhammad
Published: December 2020

This article is about the nexus of Shi'ia doctrine with academia which will justify its positive role for US society. We see that Shi'ia Diaspora has sought the attention of international scholars towards the part of Shi'ism in the twentieth century as previously not much work has been done on this topic. Still, in upcoming years many renowned scholars have put in their effort and interest in Shi'ism, many are from the US, and numerous universities have started working on Shi'ism and what role it impacts on a country's society, politics and economy. Harvard University has also established Weather head centre for international affairs which is engaged in a project named "Project on Shi'ism and Global Affairs". The importance of this area can be analyzed by this initiative of Harvard University which is one of the world's top-ranking Institute of the contemporary era.
Awareness Regarding Environmental Education: A Qualitative Study Suggesting Practical Steps in Education Leading to a Green Pakistan
Authors: Sultan Sohaib , Ahmed Shehzad , Imran Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Green Pakistan is a very famous slogan nowadays and one of the core objectives of the present government. This research focuses on the qualitative perspective on the need and significance of Environmental Education in Teachers Training programs to provide awareness to forthcoming teachers. Environmental Education is included in Millennium Development Goals by the United Nations. Recently the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been launched by the United Nations and subsequently, Pakistan has signed a treaty to fight against Climate Change and Global Warming. The researcher examined the modules which are to be incorporated in the syllabus of teacher education. The inclusion of modules apropos of Environmental Awareness in Teachers’ Training programs was recorded highly beneficial in numerous experimental studies all over the world and particularly in Pakistan in one of the doctoral-level research. The correlation among Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals, and due to continuous learning process improvement in the Environment at local settings was established based on a qualitative study.
Does Supervisor Communication Styles Reduce Cyber loafing? Important Roles of Work Engagement and Psychological Capital
Authors: Khattak Sajid Rahman , Ullah Hafeez , Awan Muhammad Zahid
Published: December 2020

Drawing from Conservation of Resources Theory (COR), the current research examined the direct and indirect relationship (PsyCap, work engagement) of perceived supervisor communication styles and cyberloafing. Data from 367 full-time employees working in 64 different firms were collected through a standardized scale. The findings revealed that assertive communication style has a negative relation with cyberloafing while passive and aggressive communication styles have positive associations with cyberloafing. Moreover, PsyCap partially mediates the relationship of supervisor communication styles (assertive, passive and aggressive) and cyberloafing. Additionally, employee work engagement partially mediates the relationship of supervisor communication styles (assertive, passive and aggressive) and cyberloafing. The study suggests that leaders can reduce employee involvement in cyberloafing through effective supervisor communication and intrinsic motivation factors such as PsyCap and work engagement. Limitations, future directions, theoretical contributions and managerial implications are also highlighted.
Razvoj enzimskog potencijala različitih namjenskih sorti ječma tijekom slađenja
Authors: Krstanović Vinko , Havlik Igor , Mastanjević Krešimir , Lalić Alojzije , Habschied Kristina
Published: December 2020

Razvoj enzimske aktivnosti zrna ječma tijekom procesa slađenja je jedno od ključnih zbivanja kojom se osigurava zadovoljavajuća tehnološka kvaliteta slada. Brojna istraživanja su provedena na ovu temu kojima je ustanovljeno da se najbolji rezultati vezani za razvoj enzimskog potencijala zrna osiguravaju slađenjem namjenskih, jarih, dvoredih pivarskih sorti uz odgovarajući režim slađenja kojim se osiguravaju procesni uvjeti koji pogoduju aktiviranju već u zrnu prisutnih i/ili de novo sintezi enzima. Cilj ovog istraživanja bilo je ustanoviti kako s obzirom na gore postavljene zahtjeve reagiraju različite namjenske, dvorede, jare i ozime sorte ječma koje se uobičajeno koriste za proizvodnju slada u Hrvatskoj. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata ustanovljeno je aktivnost α-amilaze u svim ispitivanim sortama bila je unutar, dok je aktivnost β-amilaze u sve tri sorte bila je viša od standardnih vrjednosti za svijetli slad. Oba enzima su pokazala najvišu aktivnost zadnjeg, četvrtog dana klijanja. Proces sušenja slada značajno više smanjuje aktivnost β-amilaze (25-30%) nego α-amilaze (oko 10%). Utvrđivani su i ostali pokazatelji kvalitete polaznih ječmova, procesa mikroslađenja i gotovih sladova. Ustanovljeno je da sve tri sorte daju svijetli pivarski slad vrlo dobre kvalitete. Neki pokazatelji kvalitete slada poput topljivog dušika u sladovini i viskoznosti su imali izvrsne vrijednosti, najproblematičniji pokazatelj je bila fiabilnost. Međutim, kako je friabilnost kumulativni pokazetelj na koji utječu brojni pojedinačni faktori ovo zahtijeva dodatna istraživanja.
Characterising the alternative and polar questions of Irish
Authors: Nolan Brian
Published: December 2020

This paper gives an account of the similarities and differences between alternative and polar questions, where these question forms stand at the intersection of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. We contrastively examine the nature of alternative and polar yes-no questions. We characterise the forms of these question types and the functions they serve. We examine the semantic and pragmatic dimensions of each question form and their answers. We characterise the felicity conditions necessary for their successful realisation of the speech act of requesting information via the alternative and yes-no interrogatives and assume that information is freely exchanged under a Gricean presumption of cooperation. We show that alternative questions have some similarities, but also significant differences, to polar yes-no questions. Alternative questions do not allow for yes-no answers. Instead, an appropriate answer must contain one of a selection from the alternative choice options listed in the framing of the question. Alternative questions are dependent on the presence of disjunction. We characterise the syntax and semantics of polar yes-no questions. We demonstrate in respect of the answers to polar yes-no questions of Irish that they contain instances of ellipsis and are full clausal expressions with a complete semantics where the elided elements are from the question part of the question-answer pair. The propositional content of polar yes-no questions is inferred from the context, specifically from the question with which the answer is paired. Irish does not have any exact words which directly correspond to English ‘yes’ or ‘no’ and so employs different strategies where a yes-no answer is required.
L’excès de réel – caricature et réalisme dans quelques nouvelles de Maupassant
Authors: Färnlöf Hans
Published: December 2020

Par son excès mimétique, la caricature peut sembler difficilement compatible avec l'esthétique réaliste, qui cherche à donner une image fidèle au réel. Pourtant l'ironiste Maupassant a souvent recours au portrait caricatural afin de mettre en relief le caractère excessif du personnage. En établissant des liens fermes entre le portrait du personnage et le déroulement de l’histoire, qui illustrera les conséquences négatives de cet excès, Maupassant expose le danger qu’il y a à dévier d'un comportement mesuré. Le réalisme réside ainsi dans la cohérence entre le portrait caricatural du personnage et ses actes. Il dérive aussi de l'application d'un schéma rationnel mis en place pour déprécier le personnage caricaturé, dont l'excès, souvent sous forme de passion, provoque une appréhension erronée du réel objectif. L'impossibilité d'appliquer un tel cadre normatif, comme dans le genre fantastique, pourrait indiquer la nécessité d'abandonner partiellement l’esthétique réaliste pour embrasser d'autres formes de composition.
Portraits caricaturaux du gouvernement de Vichy sous la verve démesurée de Céline
Authors: Alves Ana M.
Published: December 2020

Dans ses trois romans, communément désignés comme trilogie allemande, Céline évoque le récit de son périlleux exode en Allemagne, de 1944 à 1945, puis au Danemark de 1945 à 1951. Notre propos n’est pas de reprendre tout ce périple, mais de nous attarder sur son séjour à Sigmaringen où presque toutes les figures marquantes de la Collaboration sont dépeintes et caricaturées par Céline sur un ton de mépris qui lui est exclusif et marque sa singularité exceptionnelle. Nous en retiendrons quelques exemples pour montrer comment l’écrivain amplifie les traits de ses personnages, pour donner plus de vigueur à ses descriptions. Céline brosse leurs portraits, en accentuant leurs caractères ou bien en leur prêtant, parfois, des attitudes ridicules. Par des détails hilariants, burlesques, comiques, Céline parvient à caricaturer certaines personnalités du gouvernement de Vichy dans une atmosphère où se mêlent absurdité, chaos, décadence.
ORTAÖĞRETİM FİZİK, KİMYA VE BİYOLOJİ DERS KAZANIMLARININ YENİLENMİŞ BLOOM TAKSONOMİSİ BİLİŞSEL ALAN BASAMAKALARINA GÖRE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: GÜLDÜREN Melisa , CANGÜVEN Halil Dündar
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı 2018 yılında uygulamaya konulan ortaöğretim kimya, biyoloji ve fizik dersleri öğretim programları kazanımlarının Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomisi bilişsel alan basamaklarına göre analiz etmektir. Bu çalışma doğrultusunda ortaöğretim kimya dersinden 127, fizik dersinden 213 ve biyoloji dersinden de 91 olmak üzere toplam 431 kazanım Yenilenmiş Bloom taksonomisine göre incelenmiş ve dersler ve sınıf düzeyleri arasında karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Güvenilirlik katsayısı Miles-Huberman tarafından geliştirilen güvenilirlik formülüne göre hesaplanmış, fizik programında 0.94, kimya programında 0.93 ve biyoloji programında 0.90 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, tüm sınıf düzeylerindeki kimya dersi kazanımlarının %75.59 oranla en fazla anlama alt düzey basamağında olduğu, en az %1.57 oranla değerlendirme üst düzey basamağında yer aldığı görülmüştür. Fizik dersi kazanımlarının en fazla %58.69 oranla anlama basamağında, en az %0.47 oranla hatırlama ve değerlendirme basamağında yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Biyoloji dersi kazanımlarının ise en fazla %75.82 oranla anlama alt düzey basamağında yer alırken hatırlama alt düzey basamağında her hangi bir kazanım belirlenmemiştir. Ders bazında karşılaştırma yapıldığında kimya, fizik ve biyoloji dersleri kazanımlarının alt düzey düşünme becerilerine üst düzey düşünme becerilerine göre daha uygun olduğu söylenebilir. Ortaöğretimdeki sınıf düzeylerinde karşılaştırma yapıldığında ise kazanımların orantılı bir dağılım göstermediği söylenebilir.
La Pobreza como un Proceso de Violencia Estructural
Authors: Rodríguez Francisco
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de estas reflexiones es plantear el problema de la pobreza como un fenómeno de violencia que se manifiesta como violencia estructural en el proceso de exclusión de grandes sectores de la población de las posibilidades de acceder a los bienes sociales y culturales que ofrece el sistema social. Para ello se hizo un análisis de múltiples referencias documentales y una aproximación hermeneútica al texto de la realidad social contemporánea. Finalmente podemos decir que el fenómeno que conforma la pobreza plantea un problema un enfoque de simplicidad sino el de un abordaje de complejidad.
El Estado del Bienestar Social y el Neoliberalismo ante los Derechos Laborales
Authors: Añez H. Carmen
Published: December 2020

Los derechos laborales son el punto central de la discusión política y social a escala mundial, de ahí su importancia de explorar la regulación de dichos derechos desde la óptica del Bienestar Social y del Neoliberalismo. Los resultados reflejan; que en el modelo de Bienestar Social, el Estado asume la regulación de los costos laborales, garantizando a los trabajadores una mejor calidad de vida y su reconocimiento como clase social, así como la reproducción del capital. El Estado se convierte en el sujeto social ordenador de las relaciones sociales y del mercado. Con el surgimiento de el Neoliberalismo se sustituyen las propuestas del Bienestar Social por nuevos patrones que agudizan los derechos de la clase trabajadora, generando la ruptura de las formas tradicionales de protección social. Se concluye, que los derechos laborales están en el centro de la estructura social, existiendo una tendencia hacia una variación no favorable en la regulación de los beneficios de la fuerza laboral, imponiéndose la flexibilización de las relaciones laborales y la privatización de la protección social, lo cual profundiza la inseguridad social, la precarización y la pobreza extrema.
Sistema de información en la banca universal venezolana.
Authors: Belloso Nora , Primera Nelly
Published: December 2020

Los sistemas de información en la banca universal venezolana surgen para apoyar la toma de decisiones y disminuir el riesgo crediticio. En este sentido se plantea como objetivo: determinar el impacto que los sistemas tienen en la gerencia operativa de la banca universal en Maracaibo-Venezuela. La investigación es de tipo descriptiva y de campo. Para obtener la data se aplicó un instrumento a 30 gerentes de la cartera de crédito de los bancos seleccionados, dando por resultado lo siguiente: a) Los sistemas de información de análisis de crédito (SIAC) se caracterizan por su flexibilidad, rapidez en el suministro de información, facilidad en el manejo de datos; así como la capacidad para responder a los requerimientos competitivos de un mercado global y clientes exigentes; b) Los gerentes perciben el funcionamiento del SIAC como adecuado, confiable, actualizado y eficiente, lo cual facilita la toma de decisiones y el control del riesgo crediticio. Se concluye que estas instituciones financieras realizan grandes inversiones en tecnología de información, generando sistemas que impactan positivamente a la gerencia operativa, por su utilidad en la toma de decisiones, satisfacción de sus necesidades informacionales y apoyo a la gestión.