bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Legal Expertise of the Parish Clergy in Late Medieval Transylvania (Late Fourteenth to early Sixteenth century)
Authors: Dincă Adinel C.
Published: July 2024

The intellectual agency of the parish clergy in Late Medieval Transylvania – an area now encompassing the central and western parts of Romania, but in the Middle Ages, until 1526, the easternmost province of the Hungarian Kingdom – has long been a neglected topic in local historiography, hampered in part by a passive stance towards documentary sources and an interpretative inertia. The present paper intends to discuss the role of legal education and expertise of the clergy at the parochial level and its impact on the shaping of clerical careers in the urban, legally aware, communities of the Transylvanian Saxons. As generally known, they were colonists of German origin inhabiting since the mid­‑twelfth century certain parts of the region mentioned above. These ‘German’ parishes from Southern and Northern Transylvania, with freely elected priests and exempted from the local diocesan control, formed churchly congre­gations (chapters, capitula) that exercised their authority in various contexts. Therefore, this research will highlight several details pertaining to Saxon clergymen from ca. 1370 to the 1530s and their legal environment: academic education, ownership and use of specific literature, or involvement in the administration of the law.
Jugar. Habitar. Inventar
Authors: Garcia Cors Josep
Published: July 2024

Durante algunos años he propuesto un taller de juegos a niños de todas las edades. Se llama La cámara de las maravillas que significa la habitación de las cosas extrañas. Es una sucesión de juegos para hacer juguetes que recorren cuatro fases: se producen, se limpian, se abren y se habitan. Cada fase dispone de diversos juegos. Yo debo ordenar tiempos, facilitar materiales, aclarar normas. Por tanto, estoy fuera del juego. Desde fuera, veo cómo esa cámara se va llenando de juguetes que, por la naturaleza de los juegos que propongo, son gérmenes de arquitectura, arquitectura germinal. Pero, lo más maravilloso e inesperado que he observado son los cambios en el jugador mientras juega. Veo que el jugador adquiere una habilidad rigurosa y repentina de extrañarse de lo todo lo que le era habitual. Como veremos, es un efecto secundario que activa al jugador para inventar puntos de vista insólitos, desde donde destruye e inventa hábitos. Al ver este efecto secundario que se produce en el jugador pude abordar, desde el jugar, la invención y el descubrimiento, e inicié un segundo taller experimental de juegos y ejercicios titulado Juegos e Imposibles. En el taller jugamos, y, con la mirada extrañada, salimos a la vida cotidiana. Captamos anomalías, construimos preguntas y atacamos imposibles en un vaivén continuo que fundamento en este artículo, entre el juego, que nos cambia a nosotros e inventa preguntas, y el ejercicio, que cambia el mundo y genera respuestas. Con el tiempo, sentí la necesidad de comprender, hacer consistente y compartir lo que me estaba sucediendo, e inicié una investigación concentrada en un diagrama: terreno de juego dibujado al final de este artículo. En este artículo desvelo, desde un ángulo formal, algunas llaves que construyen y abren el terreno de juego. Son las estructuras internas y formales de las acciones de jugar, habitar e inventar, y sus efectos secundarios.
Ontology Supported Domain Knowledge Module for E-Tutoring System
Authors: Ghanim Hussein Ali Ahmed , Kovács László
Published: July 2024

E-tutoring Systems are computer applications that provide direct customized education to learners. The E-tutoring system usually includes four modules: Teaching Module, Knowledge Module, Learner Module, and Learner Interface. This investigation focuses on Knowledge Module, considering design and implementation for a selected domain. One of the useful mechanisms of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that is commonly used to formalize domain knowledge module concepts and their relation in an E-tutoring systems is ontology. The term ontology is described as a representation of the entities in a domain and the way those entities connect to each other. This paper introduces a domain knowledge module for an E-tutoring system that allows knowledge stored in a well-defined form to support reusability, shareability, flexibility, and standardability and to assist the storage of transfer and prerequisite knowledge relationships. The introduced knowledge domain module is designed in two ways the general concepts domain knowledge module and a specific domain knowledge module ontology. This innovative technique is helpful for students in enhancing their learning progress. Combining the proposed ontology domain knowledge module with an E-tutoring system can enhance the quality of intelligent problem-solving. Also, it will be possible to reuse the knowledge domains. As a result, the proposal of the domain knowledge module for the E-tutoring system can enhance the teaching and learning process, support recommendations, and generate hints. In the future, the suggested module can be improved by adding some functionalities and automatically supporting the generation of problems and their solutions.
The effect of the external magnetic field on the power of the laser passing through the magnetized plasma and the calculation of the radius of convergence and the investigation of the condition of the beam's filamentation in the Medium
Authors: Karimian Hamid , Naderali Rahim , Jafari Akbar
Published: July 2024

In this article, the power of a laser passing through a magnetized plasma medium which is affected by an external magnetic field is calculated.The change in the intensity of the magnetic field and its rotation around the axis of laser beam propagation in the plasma, on the power of the passing beam is investigated.This work is done based on the indirect effect of the magnetic field on the density distribution of electrons in the plasma, which we can consider the density changes as changes in the refractive index of the medium, so the laser power in this case is different from the case where there is no magnetic field. Also, the condition of  beam filamentation has been researched as one of the third-order nonlinear phenomena, and the convergence radius has been calculated under these conditions.
Normalfall Diversität?
Authors: Schneider Jens
Published: July 2024

Debatten über die stärkere Berücksichtung von Migration und urbaner Vielfalt auch im etablierten Kulturbetrieb können nur selten auf empirische Daten zurückgreifen. Deshalb ist meist gar nicht klar, wie groß die Repräsentationslücke tatsächlich ist, aber auch, inwiefern das Problem überhaupt auf den Leitungsebenen schon angekommen ist. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts "Kulturproduktion in der Migrationsgesellschaft (KultMIX)" wurden deshalb drei Befragungen im Kulturbereich durchgeführt: unter Kulturämtern, Museen und Theatern. Die für die Kulturämter statistisch repräsentative Umfrage berührte dabei die Themenbereiche Personal, Programm und Publikum, aber auch die Rolle der pädagogischen Angebote. Der Beitrag beleuchtet einige der zentralen Ergebnisse in diesen Bereichen und vergleicht auch zwischen den Ergebnissen der drei Befragungen. Deutlich wird dabei inbesondere, dass das Problem zwar gesehen wird, aber in seiner Bedeutung und Dimension noch bei weitem nicht so weit im Regelbetrieb angekommen ist, dass von einem "Normalfall Diversität" gesprochen werden könnte: Strukturelle Veränderungen sind weder bei der Personalentwicklung noch im Audience Development so auf den Weg gebracht, dass ein Abschied von bildungsbürgerlichen Idealen bei Publikum und Aktiven der Kulturproduktion beobachtet werden könnte.
Analyzing Flow and Deconstructing Childhood
Authors: Kautny Oliver
Published: July 2024

In this article I will discuss an interdisciplinary approach to Hip-Hop that integrates methods of music theory and sociology of childhood into music education re- search, with the aim of improving learning and teaching practices that use Hip-Hop at schools. I apply music theory to investigate flow in rap music, while turning to sociology of childhood to analyze the discourses that construct this notion within elementary (pri- mary) schools and the culture of Hip-Hop. Both perspectives help me reflect on Hip-Hop within the context of music education. My arguments reveal specific normative conflicts and educational opportunities that arise when Hip-Hop is integrated into school curric-
Wie das Diversitätsmanagement in die deutsche Hochschullandschaft kam. Eine Zeitreise
Authors: Jorzik Bettina
Published: July 2024

Der Beitrag zeichnet die Entwicklung des Diversitätsmanagements in der deutschen Hochschullandschaft von 2008 bis heute nach und benennt Voraussetzungen und Erfolgsfaktoren für ein nachhaltiges Diversitätsmanagement. Dabei wird insbesondere auf Erfahrungen aus dem Diversity Audit "Vielfalt gestalten" des Stifterverbandes rekurriert.
Spatial manifestation of self-governance groups
Authors: Abdu Bushra Yasmin
Published: July 2024

According to official figures from the Ethiopian Central Statistics Agency, the urban population of Ethiopia is projected to nearly triple from 15.2 million in 2012 to 42.3 million in 2037, growing at 3.8 per cent a year (World Bank 2018). Urban Kenya is experiencing similarly dramatic growth, with its population soaring and boundaries expanding. However, urban lo-cal government institutional systems and infrastructure have not kept pace with rapid urbanization (UN Habitat 2017, 2022). Despite progress over the last decade in building institutions and providing infrastructure and services across all sectors, ur-ban service delivery remains weak to this day, as urban reform remains one of Ethiopia's greatest challenges. In both Addis Ababa and Nairobi, parallel varieties of self-initiated community organizations exist, among which iddirs and resident asso-ciations are the most widespread. Primarily established to provide mutual aid in difficult times or for important events, in-creasingly they have been observed to address other community concerns (Pankhurst 2008; and this volume). This research applies the constructivist grounded theory method to birth a theory that explains the terms of engagement of these communi-ty organizations with local state actors through open coding, focused coding, and theoretical coding procedures. A co-production framework has been crafted from the data embedded in the experiences and perceptions of realities within partic-ipants. The co-creation, co-operation, and co-optation modes of iddir engagements pave the way for the prospect and under-standing of a restructuring of power relationships among iddirs, resident associations, and local governments for an empow-ering exercise of the right to the city.
Relative complexity in a model of word difficulty: The role of loanwords in vocabulary size tests
Authors: Canning Derek , McLean Stuart , Vitta Joseph
Published: July 2024

Recent studies have shown that the frequency effect, although long used as a guide to word difficulty, fails to explain all variance in learner word knowledge. As such, a “more than frequency” conclusion has been offered to explain how lexical sophistication accounts for word difficulty. This study presents a multiple regression model of word-learning difficulty from a data set of monolingual Japanese first language (L1) learners. Vocabulary Size Test (VST) scores of 2,999 L1 Japanese university students were converted to logit scores to determine the word-learning difficulty of 80 target words. Five lexical sophistication variables were found to correlate with word-learning difficulty (frequency, cognate status, age of acquisition, prevalence, and polysemy) above a practical significance threshold. These were subsequently entered into a regression model with the logit scores as the dependent variable. The model (R2 = .55) indicates that three lexical sophistication variables significantly predicted VST scores: frequency (ß = -.28, p = .029), cognateness (ß = -.24, p = .005), and prevalence (ß = 0.22, p = .040). Despite suggestions that complexity studies be interpreted considering what is understood about the construct of linguistic complexity, researchers have rarely made explicit the differences between absolute and relative complexity variables. As some variables can be shown to vary in complexity according to the L1 population, these must be considered in discussions of test generalizability. Although frequency will continue to be the primary criterion for the selection of lexical items for teaching and testing, the cognate status of words can be used to predict the potential learning burden of the word more precisely for learners of different L1 backgrounds.
The influence of teacher emotional support on language learners’ basic psychological needs, emotions, and emotional engagement: Treatment-based evidence
Authors: Alrabai Fakieh , Algazzaz Wala
Published: July 2024

This study assessed the influence of a 10-week teacher emotionally supportive quasi-experimental intervention on the perceived teacher emotional support (PTES), basic psychological needs (BPNs) satisfaction, emotions of anxiety and enjoyment, and emotional engagement of learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). Strategies targeting the three dimensions of TES, that is, positive climate, teacher sensitivity, and regard for students’ perspectives, were deployed exclusively in an experimental group (N = 63), which was compared to a control group (N = 58) in which a more typical teaching approach was followed. Classroom observations and questionnaires were used to capture three time points of changes in learner behaviors. The results of multivariate analyses revealed significant positive changes over time in students’ self-reported PTES behaviors, BPNs satisfaction, emotions, emotional engagement and observed behaviors solely in the experimental condition. Learner BPNs satisfaction showed the largest group differences by mid-term treatment. With the continuous deployment of the treatment, the between-group differences peaked toward the end of the experiment for all learner behaviors. The largest variance at this stage was in learner PTES. These experimentally driven findings provide compelling evidence for the advantages of TES pedagogical interventions for second language learners.
Inflation Uncertainty from Firms’ Perspective, Overconfidence and Credibility of Monetary Policy
Authors: Borraz Fernando , Orlik Anna , Zacheo Laura
Published: July 2024

This paper uses survey data to gauge firms’ inflation uncertainty. First, it shows how commonly used proxies of uncertainty, such as ex post squared forecast errors or forecast dispersion differ from measures of actual ex ante inflation uncertainty. Second, this paper documents novel stylized facts: firms’ uncertainty and overconfidence – low ex ante variances compared to ex post (squared) forecast errors – are shown to be relevant for how firms’ form their beliefs about inflation and their inflation forecasts accuracy (firms know what they do not know) and to impact firms’ beliefs about credibility of monetary policy.
Detecting angloversal tendencies in the outer circle: a pilot study on a Maltese English speaker
Authors: Daniele Antonio
Published: July 2024

World Englishes constitute an ever-developing study field where keeping track of the real-time changes which occur in language usage is a challenging task. This chapter aims at broadening the application field of the research on angloversals, described in literature as particular features divergent from Standard English and shared by English varieties across the world regardless of their geographical proximity or cultural affiliation. The present qualitative study hypothesises the presence of angloversals in Maltese English and considers a blended methodological approach to verify the research hypothesis. The study was performed on selected oral excerpts taken from a random interview to a speaker of the Maltese English continuum. Both the interviewee and the interviewer are native Maltese speakers and communicated in English all throughout the interview with no instances of code mixing between the two languages. Syntactical structures containing the overuse of the progressive aspect, article omission and resumptive pronouns, as well as unmarked phonology traits have been included in the angloversal categories by previous research on the matter. Said features are particularly found in contexts where language contact has had an impact on both the substrate and superstrate languages. This is the case for the Maltese context, where explanations for the plausible presence of the above features are to be sought in the realms of transfer from Maltese to English, language universals and pragmatic principles.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[bis(μ
2-1-(3-carboxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxylato-k3-O,O
′:O
″)hexaqua-dicobalt tetrahydrate], C26H36N4O20Co2
Authors: Liu Er-Nu , Tuo Meng-Qi , Liu Bo , Liu Jin , Lu Jiu-Fu
Published: July 2024

C26H36N4O20Co2, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 10.7226(2) Å, b = 7.41690(10) Å, c = 20.3510(3) Å, β = 90.107(1)°, V = 1618.48(4) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0672, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1759, T = 293 K.
“Everyone is Furthest from Himself”: An Interpretation of Nietzsche’s Recovery and Inversion of Terence’s Formula “I Am the Closest to Myself”
Authors: Quérini Nicolas
Published: July 2024

This essay examines Nietzsche’s inversion of Terence’s formula “I am the closest to myself” into “Everyone is furthest from himself [Jeder ist sich selbst der Fernste]” (GM, Preface 1). In a contextual reading, I am going to ask how Nietzsche relates this formula to the difficulty of acquiring self-knowledge, as emphasized at the beginning ofOn theGenealogy of Morality. First, I argue that Nietzsche does not prohibit self-knowledge, but instead invites us to think about it differently; and second, I will show that the formula according to which “everyone is furthest from himself” can also be understood as an injunction to keep the self always at a distance. I will link these two aspects by arguing that Nietzsche replaces self-knowledge in the classical sense by an interpretation of the self, and that this interpretation must never be thought of as an undertaking that seeks to reify their self. Nietzsche urges us to make ourselves into creative projects, even this will entail fiction and illusion.
Comprehensive evaluation of the impact of ionic liquid incorporation on the optical properties, Urbach energy, thin film morphology, and surface roughness of poly(vinyl chloride) based on ionic materials
Authors: Akram Evon , Rashad Alaa A. , Rahman Mokdad Hayawi , Abed Rasheed N. , Al-Baidhani Mohammed , Basem Ali , Kadhom Mohammed , Bufaroosha Muna S. , Hadawey Abas , Yousif Emad
Published: July 2024

A newly synthesis composite thin films of poly(vinyl chloride) has been refinement with ionic liquid, where PVC dissolved in THF with various concentrations of IL by casting method to form the composite thin films, without any reaction and IL dangles within PVC matrix. The thin films were examined by the diffusive reflectance device under the wavelength range (238–1300 nm). The XRD, EDX, and AFM techniques were utilized to discover the structure of the PVC matrix after additive IL. The XRD analysis illustrated the amorphous structure of the films, while the EDS analysis illustrated the main composition of pure PVC and composite PVC/IL. The optical properties and optical parameters were studied. The reflectance, extinction factor, transmittance, and imaginary dielectric constant declined, the absorption value was between (80–89 %), and the refractive index, real dielectric constant, and optical conductivity were increased. The indirect energy gap declined from 4.2 eV to 2.2 eV and the direct energy gap declined from 3.7 eV to 2.6 eV. The Urbach energy was increased from 2.09 eV to 15.45 eV revealing an increase in the disorders of electrons. The E

d
increased from 23.42 eV to 70.68 eV and E

o
increased from 7.00 eV to 10.88 eV. AFM analysis illustrated the roughness of the films increased after additive IL to the PVC Matrix from 1.08 nm to 4.45 nm and the root mean square of the particles ranged from 1.57 nm to 5.56 nm. The PVC composite thin films are utilized in solar cell and sodium-ion battery applications.
Multiresponse optimisation and process capability analysis of chemical vapour jet machining for the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer: Unveiling the morphology
Authors: Juneja Shahbaz , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh , Kumar Raman , Sharma Shubham , Alawadi Ahmed Hussien , Aggarwal Saurabh , Kumar Abhinav , Awwad Fuad A. , Khan Muhammad Ijaz , Ismail Emad A. A.
Published: July 2024

The implementation of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has culminated in a notable rise in productivity and operational effectiveness for manufacturers. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a manufacturing technology that implies an alteration from the conventional approach of material removal. The fundamental idea underlying the AM technique is the gradual buildup of layers (layer-on-layer accumulation). In conventional approaches, every component can have detrimental implications due to the direct interaction between the tool and the workpiece, leading to the loss of heat through friction. The utilisation of 3D printing as a way to surpass conventional processing methods signifies a novel development in several sectors. This method involves the utilisation of unconventional techniques for the fabrication of components. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the chemical vapour jet drilling technique specifically applied to acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) materials. The intent is to enhance the surface characteristics, or surface finish (SF), and the dimensional accuracy (DA) of ABS workpieces. An evaluation regarding the reliability, repeatability, as well as preciseness of the vapour jet drilling (VJD) process is conducted via the utilisation of experiment and data analysis. The study employed a Taguchi L9 design of experiments to carry out a series of tests aimed at analysing the implications of three independent variables: pressure, flow rate, and standoff distance. The researchers employed a multiresponse optimisation approach to attain an optimal combination of parameters that resulted in a superior SF with DA. Consequently, the overall appeal of the outcome was reached. The process’s capabilities and dependability were assessed by conducting tests on the substrates at their optimal settings. Surface roughness and circularity were measured at numerous locations on the substrates. The study determined that the process capability indices (C
p and C
pk) had values over 1.33 for each of the response parameters, with C
pk values also exceeding 1. The analysis of histograms and capability indices demonstrates that the VJD method, when conducted under optimised conditions, may be categorised as statistically controlled for the processing of ABS materials.
Enhancing transonic compressor rotor efficiency by flow analysis-driven blade section modification
Authors: Shi Hengtao , Song Bo , Wang Jiao
Published: July 2024

Transonic axial compressors are widely used in aero-engines and gas turbines, and their efficiency has a significant influence on the equipment energy utilization rate and fuel cost. In this research, blade section modification based on flow analysis is carried out on the Rotor 67 for improving efficiency. First, the numerical calculation method used is verified with experimental data to ensure the accuracy of the simulation. Then, according to the analysis of simulated flow field and shock structure, the blade section shapes are altered to optimize the blade passage wide distribution for the sections from hub to mid-span. In addition, the blade surface angle is altered to reduce the supersonic flow expansion angle for decreasing shock strength. With these optimizations, the efficiency of modified transonic rotor increases by 0.9 percentage at the design point and 1.0 percentage at near stall point (N = 1.0), respectively. Slightly higher efficiency at off-design speeds (N = 0.9 and 0.8) are also obtained, with maintaining the stall margin.
Performance analysis of a planar shaped strut injector based supersonic combustion chamber
Authors: Roga Sukanta
Published: July 2024

This current work presents the performance analysis of a supersonic combustor interface and flow construction through a scramjet engine with a planar shaped strut injector (PSSI) at the supersonic Mach. An important aspect of this study is discovering the fuel mixing mechanism inside the combustion chamber with PSSI. The novel PSSI configuration can enhance mixing and combustion performance. The scramjet configuration is incorporated with a supersonic inlet air temperature of 1250 K, where the vitiated air follows at Mach 3, and this technique is based on a high accelerating effect of the scramjet propulsion mechanism. Scramjet engines can maintain naturalistic high enthalpy conditions in minimum durations. It is observed that the maximum temperature of 3510 K is attained at the recirculating zones produced because of undulation enlargement and therefore the fuel jet losses concentration whereas the maximum combustion efficiency of 86 % is investigated from the current research work.
Study of vortex throttle characteristics with adjustable resistance by rotation of the vortex chamber inlet channel
Authors: Levitsky Inna
Published: July 2024

The study is aimed at obtaining and analyzing the flow and cavitation characteristics of the proposed control devices, which are in demand in control systems for aircraft and rocket engines, chemical and other technological processes that require a wide range of flow control at high pressure drops. The characteristics of vortex throttling devices with cylindrical and spherical chambers were obtained, providing flow control in the range of 0.1–25 kg/s. A change in flow rate in the range of 3.5–3.8 can be achieved by changing the flow swirl intensity without throttling the flow sections. When vortex devices operate, the threshold for the occurrence of cavitation shifts to the region of small values of P
out
/P
in, and, starting from the values of the geometric characteristic A > 4.5, cavitation is absent throughout the entire range of flow control. The pressure drop at the inlet channel of the vortex chamber does not exceed 10–30 % of the total resistance of the device. The torque on the control roller is small, 1.8–2.8 Nm, regardless of the flow rate.
Saving resources without sacrificing results: an empirical investigation of the dishwashing reality of British consumers in an international comparison
Authors: Alt Thomas , Gebert Antje , Kessler Arnd , Berto Claudia , Stamminger Rainer
Published: July 2024

Routine household tasks, such as laundry or dishwashing, are complex socio-technical systems in which a variety of factors and actors interact, including manufacturers, technologies, regulators, consumer practices, cultural norms and infrastructures. A deep understanding of these socio-technical systems is necessary to find the right recommendations on how to optimise this system in order to achieve relevant savings in resource consumption without requiring a complete renewal of the infrastructure installed. In our case, we focus on automatic dishwashing in the United Kingdom and try to find out what an optimised consumer use of the dishwashers installed can look like and how many savings can be achieved. Accordingly, we modelled the base of dishwashers installed and conducted a consumer survey on dishwasher usage behaviour in sufficient detail to understand the interplay between the various factors. By simulating a change in usage behaviour, we find a potential energy saving of 21.3 % simply by following basic rules for selecting the appropriate programmes without the risk of a loss of performance.
Differential utilization of thyroid lobectomy after the 2015 American Thyroid Association guideline update
Authors: Lu Patricia Gina , Ven Fong Zhi , Hangge Patrick T , Chang Yu-Hui , Lim Elisabeth S , Wasif Nabil , Cronin Patricia A , Stucky Chee-Chee
Published: July 2024

Background

The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines added thyroid lobectomy (TL) as the appropriate treatment for low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). We aimed to investigate the population-level factors that influence the utilization of TL.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was queried for all DTC patients fitting low-risk criteria as defined by the ATA. Trends in total thyroidectomy (TT) and TL were identified using a Cochrane–Armitage test. Multivariable logistic regression identified patient and socioeconomic characteristics associated with TL, and difference-in-difference analysis was used to control for secular trends over time.

Results

A total of 43,526 patients with low-risk DTC were identified in the SEER database; 39,411 pre-2015 and 4115 post-2015. After 2015, TT continued to outnumber TL (76.2% vs 23.8%), although the rate of TL increased significantly (11.6% to 23.8%, P < 0.001). However, difference-in-difference analysis found that age > 55 (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.19, P < 0.001) and rurality (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05–1.28, P < 0.001) were independently associated with TT. TL was associated with T1 disease (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04–1.19, P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Although the 2015 ATA guideline update led to an increase in TL for low-risk DTC, most patients still underwent TT. Age and neighborhood significantly impact the odds of receiving guideline-appropriate TL for low-risk DTC, especially for T2 disease.
ACTUALIZATION OF THE SHADOW ARCHETYPE IN A WAR SITUATION (FROM PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION TO THE PRACTICE OF SOCIAL WORK)
Authors: OSETROVA Oksana
Published: July 2024

A borderline situation, causing a person to realize the proximity of his death, actualizes the always potentially present threat of his own death. Currently, such a total borderline situation for the Ukrainian people is the war, the consequences of which are a huge number of personal and social problems that need to be solved. Awareness of their essence, in my opinion, is facilitated by a thorough acquaintance with the teaching of K. G. Jung about the archetypes of the collective unconscious. After all, the war situation into which Ukraine was plunged by the aggressive policy of the russian federation, being in its essence a destructive and dark force, is currently liberating, in other words, activating the archetype of the Shadow, the manifestations of which, on the one hand, deny the ontological perspectives of humanity in general, and on the other, cause spread of violent acts in the family, community, society, in particular. In view of the stated and outlined purpose of this study, which consists in elucidating the essence and manifestations of the archetype of the collective unconscious Shadow, the realization of which was caused by the border situation of the war. Achieving the set goal will contribute, on the one hand, to the expansion of the epistemological boundaries of consciousness, aimed, in particular, at elucidating the components of the unconscious, and on the other hand, to the application of psychoanalytical knowledge by social work specialists called to minimize the consequences of boundary situations for the individual/family in community (for example, it is about the implementation of measures to prevent violence in the family, etc.). During the study, the following important points were highlighted. First, the war caused the release of the dark forces of the self-personality of Ukrainians, the realization of which covers two opposite directions: 1) negative, carried out through projections as resistance to moral control (violence in the family); 2) positive due to the conscious use of dark aspects of the self (combat actions of Ukrainian soldiers). Secondly, the urgent problem of displacing the dark forces of the self-personality of Ukrainians actualized by the border situation of the war in conditions of peace is realized. Thirdly, the war, affecting the consciousness and self-awareness of Ukrainians, at the end predicts the possibility of a conscious return from Darkness to Light.
ONTOLOGY OF DIGITAL OBJECTS AND TECHNOLOGICAL NORMATIVITY: NEW PERSPECTIVES FOR DIGITAL ETHICS
Authors: PAVLOVA Tetiana , PAVLOV Roman
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Development of conceptual approaches to the understanding of ethical aspects of digital technologies, based on the ontological turn in the understanding of technological normativity.Design / Method / Approach: The research is based on an interdisciplinary approach combining philosophy of technology, ethics, social philosophy, science and technology research, computer science and cognitive psychology. Methods of conceptual analysis, phenomenological description, critical discourse analysis and comparative analysis are used.Findings: The ontological status of digital objects and their role in the formation of ethical experience is analyzed. The forms of normativity of digital technologies are revealed: interface, algorithmic and infrastructural.Theoretical implications: The research contributes to the development of conceptual approaches to the ethical aspects of digital technologies, creating a basis for the integration of various philosophical traditions and expanding the possibilities of ethical analysis in the digital era.Practical implications: The proposed approach can be used to develop strategies for ethical design and management of digital technologies, including creating ethical guidelines, conducting ethical audits, designing interfaces, and developing educational programs on digital ethics.Originality / Value: A comprehensive approach to the consideration of the ethics of digital technologies is proposed, taking into account the ontological turn in the understanding of technological normativity. The novelty lies in the integration of the ideas of postphenomenology, object-oriented ontology and philosophy of information for the analysis of the ontology of digital objects and their normative force.Research limitations / Future research: Prospects include empirical studies of various forms of technological normativity, in-depth study of the ontological status of specific types of digital objects, and analysis of the relationship between the ontology of digital objects and their normative force in various contexts. The limitations are related to the theoretical nature of the study, which requires further empirical verification.Paper type: Theoretical.
A kétoldali Ménière-betegség és az autoimmun belsőfül-betegség elkülönítő diagnosztikája
Authors: Varga-Balázs Gábor , Tamás T. László , Nagy Lajos , Garai Tibor , Tompos Tamás , Bencsik Beáta
Published: July 2024

Bevezetés: A Ménière-betegség gyógyíthatatlan, de menedzselhető
betegség. Alapja az endolympha terének „kitágulása”, az endolympha hydrops.
Lehet egy- vagy kétoldali. A tünetek megjelenése alapján metakrón vagy szinkrón
megjelenésről beszélhetünk. Hasonló tünetekkel jelentkezhet az autoimmun
belsőfül-betegség. Célkitűzés: Kétoldali Ménière-betegséggel
diagnosztizált betegek (7 beteg: 2 férfi és 5 nő) belső fülének feltérképezése,
immunológiai statusuk felderítése, továbbá az egyéb kórképektől, főleg az
autoimmun belsőfül-betegségtől való differenciálás, tapasztalatok alapján egy
kivizsgálási protokoll felállítása. Módszer: Kétoldali
Ménière-betegeknél rohammentes állapotban a fül-orr-gégészeti, otoneurológiai és
immunológiai status, valamint az anamnézis felvétele, továbbá az angularis
vestibuloocularis reflex (aVOR) nagy és kis frekvenciájú működésének felmérése.
Az előbbit videofejimpulzus-teszt (vHIT), míg az utóbbit kalorizációs teszt
során vizsgáltuk. Tisztahang-küszöbaudiogramot végeztünk. Mágneses rezonanciás
képalkotó segítségével koponyafelvétel készült. Az immunológiai laborvizsgálat
vérszérumból történt. Eredmények: A betegeknél szisztémás
autoimmun betegség nem igazolódott. Minden esetben kétoldali, a mély
frekvenciákat is érintő pancochlearis sensorineuralis halláscsökkenés volt
látható. vHIT során két esetben a magas frekvenciájú aVOR érintettsége is
igazolható volt, melyet a betegség előrehaladottságának véleményeztünk. A többi
esetben ép működésű, magas frekvenciájú aVOR-t találtunk. A kalorizációs teszt
során minden esetben kétoldali ívjáratparesis volt látható.
Megbeszélés: A szakirodalomban számos tanulmány foglalkozik
az általunk megfigyelt, a vHIT és a kalorizációs teszt közötti diszkrepanciával.
Ez az aVOR receptorának, a crista ampullarisnak az anatómiájából következhet:
míg a magas frekvenciájú aVOR-t a centrálisan elhelyezkedő I-es típusú
szőrsejtek érzékelik, addig az alacsony frekvenciájú aVOR-t a perifériásan
elhelyezkedő II-es típusú szőrsejtek. Az utóbbiak szelektív károsodását
figyelték meg Ménière-betegségben és autoimmun belsőfül-betegségben is.
Ugyanakkor segített a differenciálásban a betegek rendezett immunológiai
statusa, az intravénás kortikoszteroidra adott gyenge válaszuk, egy esetben
pedig a saccotomiát követő állapotjavulás. Következtetés: A
tapasztalatok alapján egy kivizsgálási protokollt kíséreltünk meg felállítani
olyan betegek esetében, akik kétoldali fültünetekkel, rohamokban jelentkező,
forgó jellegű szédüléssel jelentkeznek. Javasoljuk többek között a vHIT, a
kalorizációs teszt és az immunológiai kivizsgálás elvégzését is.
Megfontolandónak tartjuk egy multicentrikus vizsgálat elvégzését is mindkét
kórképpel kapcsolatban. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(30): 1176–1183.
Ushul Fiqh on the Evidences of Interfaith Marriage: An Islamic Education Perspective
Authors: Siregar Hariman Surya , Nurhamzah Nurhamzah , Siti Nurazizah Vina Berliana , Nurfauzi Bayu Bambang
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this article is to find out the law of interfaith marriage in terms of the results of ushul fiqh analysis of the arguments regarding interfaith marriage. The method used is the content analysis method (content study), by examining the ushul fiqh rules and Islamic studies related to the Quranic proposition regarding interfaith marriage. The type of data used is qualitative data, using literature study techniques in data collection. Interfaith marriage is the marriage of a Muslim with a non-Muslim. Islam has absolutely prohibited marriage with non-Muslims based on Q.S. Al-Baqarah verse 221 and Q.S. Al-Mumtahanah verse 10, seen in terms of the rules of ushul fiqh, the verse clearly has a prohibition and the origin in the prohibition shows the prohibition. However, in Q.S. Al-Maidah verse 5 a Muslim man is allowed to marry a woman of the book (Jews and Christians). However, in this day and age there is no longer someone who can be called a member of the book. Marriage with non-Muslims is better avoided, because in the ushul fiqh rules, rejecting mudharat takes precedence over taking benefits.  Tujuan artikel ini untuk mengetahui hukum pernikahan beda agama dari segi hasil analisis ushul fikih terhadap dalil mengenai pernikahan beda agama. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode content analysis (kajian isi), dengan mengkaji kaidah ushul fikih dan kajian Islam berkaitan dengan dalil Al-Quran mengenai pernikahan beda agama. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data kualitatif, menggunakan teknik studi kepustakaan dalam pengumpulan datanya. Pernikahan beda agama ialah pernikahan orang Islam dengan orang yang bukan Islam. Islam telah melarang secara mutlak pernikahan dengan non muslim berdasarkan Q.S. Al-Baqarah ayat 221 dan Q.S. Al-Mumtahanah ayat 10, dilihat dari segi kaidah ushul fikih ayat tersebut jelas terdapat larangan dan asal dalam larangan menunjukkan keharaman. Akan tetapi, dalam Q.S. Al-Maidah ayat 5 seorang pria muslim dibolehkan menikah dengan seorang wanita ahli kitab (Yahudi dan Kristen). Namun, di zaman sekarang sudah tidak ditemukan lagi seseorang yang bisa disebut dengan istilah ahli kitab tersebut. Pernikahan dengan non muslim lebih baik dihindarkan, karena dalam kaidah ushul fikih pun menolak mudharat lebih didahulukan dari mengambil manfaat.
Effective Multicultural Education Strategies to Enhance Tolerance in Indonesian Schools
Authors: Amarullah Risal Qori , Ruslandi Ruslandi , Fadilah Raden Muhamad Yasin , Ruswandi Uus , Erihadiana Mohamad
Published: July 2024

The main problem of this research is the low awareness and understanding of the importance of multicultural education among Indonesian educators and students. The aim of this research is to identify effective multicultural education development strategies that can be implemented in Indonesian schools to increase tolerance and cultural diversity among students. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach which includes in-depth analysis of literature and previous research regarding multicultural education. Data was collected by studying various journals, books and official documents that discuss the concept, implementation and impact of multicultural education. Research shows that effective strategies include integrating multicultural values into the curriculum, teacher training and development, and active participation in school community. The research concluded that implementing multicultural education in a planned and systematic manner can increase understanding and appreciation of cultural diversity, so that it can strengthen the unity and integrity of a multicultural society.

Permasalahan utama penelitian ini adalah rendahnya kesadaran dan pemahaman akan pentingnya pendidikan multikultural di kalangan pendidik dan siswa Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi strategi pengembangan pendidikan multikultural yang efektif yang dapat diterapkan di sekolah-sekolah Indonesia untuk meningkatkan toleransi dan keragaman budaya di kalangan siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan tinjauan pustaka yang mencakup analisis mendalam terhadap literatur dan penelitian terdahulu mengenai pendidikan multikultural. Data dikumpulkan dengan mempelajari berbagai jurnal, buku, dan dokumen resmi yang membahas tentang konsep, implementasi, dan dampak pendidikan multikultural. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang efektif antara lain mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai multikultural ke dalam kurikulum, pelatihan dan pengembangan guru, dan partisipasi aktif dalam komunitas sekolah. Penelitian tersebut menyimpulkan bahwa penyelenggaraan pendidikan multikultural secara terencana dan sistematis dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan apresiasi terhadap keberagaman budaya, sehingga dapat memperkuat persatuan dan kesatuan masyarakat multikultural.
Fostering Interreligious Harmony in Thailand: Insight from a Thai Islamic School
Authors: Ummah Ilmi Izzatul , Ridwan Auliya , Kesgin Safiye
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research is to explore aspects of culture and social structure, the tools used to promote coexistence, and the collaboration between the Muslim and Buddhist communities. In the context of Thailand, pluralism, or religious and cultural diversity, plays a crucial role as it can be a potential source of conflict. One form of conflict that has arisen is the tension between the Pattani Muslim community and the Buddhist population in Thailand. However, the role of Islamic education there has a significant impact on fostering interreligious harmony. Through 26 days of participatory observation at Ar-Rabity Technological College in Thailand, this research successfully revealed that Thai society holds strong nationalistic sentiments, values religious diversity, and places a high importance on social hierarchy. Furthermore, various strategies have been employed to maintain harmony in Thailand, such as multicultural education, instilling tolerance values from an early age, and organizing cross-cultural communication seminars. Through these efforts, it is hoped that a more inclusive and harmonious environment can be cultivated amidst the religious and cultural diversity present in Thailand.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelajahi aspek budaya dan struktur sosial, alat-alat yang digunakan untuk mempromosikan kerukunan, serta kolaborasi antara komunitas Muslim dan Buddha. Dalam konteks Thailand, pluralitas atau keberagaman agama dan budaya memiliki peran krusial karena dapat menjadi pemicu konflik. Salah satu bentuk konflik yang muncul adalah pertentangan antara umat Muslim Pattani dan umat Buddha Thailand. Namun, peran pendidikan Islam di sana memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dalam merawat kerukunan antaragama. Melalui partisipasi aktif selama 26 hari di Ar-Rabity Technological College Thailand, penelitian ini berhasil mengungkapkan bahwa masyarakat Thailand memiliki rasa nasionalisme yang kuat, menghargai keragaman agama, dan memperhatikan hierarki sosial yang sangat penting. Selain itu, untuk menjaga kerukunan di Thailand, berbagai strategi telah digunakan, seperti pendidikan multikultural, penanaman nilai-nilai toleransi sejak usia dini, dan penyelenggaraan seminar komunikasi lintas budaya. Melalui upaya-upaya ini, diharapkan dapat membentuk lingkungan yang lebih inklusif dan harmonis di tengah keberagaman agama dan budaya yang ada di Thailand.
ATF4 Exacerbates Cerebral Infarction-Induced Sensory Dysfunction via HDAC1/DNMT1/GPX4 Signaling
Authors: Lu Bingtuan , Mu Ninghui , Li Pu , Zhang Xindan , Tao Lili , Yin Haiping , Yin Xiaoming
Published: July 2024

Cerebral infarction is the main cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Neuronal degeneration and limp sensory dysfunction are the secondary damages induced by cerebral infarction. This study aimed to investigate the roles of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in cerebral infarction and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery was applied to establish a cerebral infarction model in vivo. Histological analysis was performed using Nissl assay. Gene expression was determined using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. Gene interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and luciferase assays. Cellular functions were determined using Cell Counting Kit assay (CCK-8), propidium iodide (PI) staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays. ATF4 was overexpressed in cerebral infarction models in vivo and in vitro. However, ATF4 knockdown decreased ischemic foci and volume and restored sensory functions in vivo. ATF4 knockdown suppressed lipid peroxidation and neuronal ferroptosis in vitro. Moreover, ATF4 activated DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which induced glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) DNA methylation and decreased its expression. GPX4 knockdown alleviated the effects of shATF4 and promoted neuronal ferroptosis. Overall, ATF4 knockdown protected against cerebral infarction and sensory
dysfunction by promoting DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation of GPX4.