bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Localization of infection in neonatal rhesus macaques after oral viral challenge
Authors: Taylor Roslyn A. , McRaven Michael D. , Carias Ann M. , Anderson Meegan R. , Matias Edgar , Araínga Mariluz , Allen Edward J. , Rogers Kenneth A. , Gupta Sandeep , Kulkarni Viraj , Lakhashe Samir , Lorenzo-Redondo Ramon , Thomas Yanique , Strickland Amanda , Villinger Francois J. , Ruprecht Ruth M. , Hope Thomas J.
Published: November 2021

Vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can occur in utero, during delivery, and through breastfeeding. We utilized Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging coupled with fluorescent microscopy of 64Cu-labeled photoactivatable-GFP-HIV (PA-GFP-BaL) to determine how HIV virions distribute and localize in neonatal rhesus macaques two and four hours after oral viral challenge. Our results show that by four hours after oral viral exposure, HIV virions localize to and penetrate the rectal mucosa. We also used a dual viral challenge with a non-replicative viral vector and a replication competent SHIV-1157ipd3N4 to examine viral transduction and dissemination at 96 hours. Our data show that while SHIV-1157ipd3N4 infection can be found in the oral cavity and upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the small and large intestine contained the largest number of infected cells. Moreover, we found that T cells were the biggest population of infected immune cells. Thus, thanks to these novel technologies, we are able to visualize and delineate of viral distribution and infection throughout the entire neonatal GI tract during acute viral infection.
Yersinia remodels epigenetic histone modifications in human macrophages
Authors: Bekere Indra , Huang Jiabin , Schnapp Marie , Rudolph Maren , Berneking Laura , Ruckdeschel Klaus , Grundhoff Adam , Günther Thomas , Fischer Nicole , Aepfelbacher Martin
Published: November 2021

Various pathogens systematically reprogram gene expression in macrophages, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We investigated whether the enteropathogen Yersinia enterocolitica alters chromatin states to reprogram gene expression in primary human macrophages. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) seq analyses showed that pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) induced up- or down-regulation of histone modifications (HMod) at approximately 14500 loci in promoters and enhancers. Effectors of Y. enterocolitica reorganized about half of these dynamic HMod, with the effector YopP being responsible for about half of these modulatory activities. The reorganized HMod were associated with genes involved in immune response and metabolism. Remarkably, the altered HMod also associated with 61% of all 534 known Rho GTPase pathway genes, revealing a new level in Rho GTPase regulation and a new aspect of bacterial pathogenicity. Changes in HMod were associated to varying degrees with corresponding gene expression, e. g. depending on chromatin localization and cooperation of the HMod. In summary, infection with Y. enterocolitica remodels HMod in human macrophages to modulate key gene expression programs of the innate immune response.
An HLA-I signature favouring KIR-educated Natural Killer cells mediates immune control of HIV in children and contrasts with the HLA-B-restricted CD8+ T-cell-mediated immune control in adults
Authors: Vieira Vinicius A. , Adland Emily , Malone David F. G. , Martin Maureen P. , Groll Andreas , Ansari M. Azim , Garcia-Guerrero Maria C. , Puertas Mari C. , Muenchhoff Maximilian , Guash Claudia Fortuny , Brander Christian , Martinez-Picado Javier , Bamford Alasdair , Tudor-Williams Gareth , Ndung’u Thumbi , Walker Bruce D. , Ramsuran Veron , Frater John , Jooste Pieter , Peppa Dimitra , Carrington Mary , Goulder Philip J. R.
Published: November 2021

Natural Killer (NK) cells contribute to HIV control in adults, but HLA-B-mediated T-cell activity has a more substantial impact on disease outcome. However, the HLA-B molecules influencing immune control in adults have less impact on paediatric infection. To investigate the contribution NK cells make to immune control, we studied >300 children living with HIV followed over two decades in South Africa. In children, HLA-B alleles associated with adult protection or disease-susceptibility did not have significant effects, whereas Bw4 (p = 0.003) and lowHLA-Aexpression (p = 0.002) alleles were strongly associated with immunological and viral control. In a comparator adult cohort, Bw4 andHLA-Aexpression contributions to HIV disease outcome were dwarfed by those of protective and disease-susceptible HLA-B molecules. We next investigated the immunophenotype and effector functions of NK cells in a subset of these children using flow cytometry. Slow progression and better plasma viraemic control were also associated with high frequencies of less terminally differentiated NKG2A+NKp46+CD56dimNK cells strongly responsive to cytokine stimulation and linked with the immunogenetic signature identified. Future studies are indicated to determine whether this signature associated with immune control in early life directly facilitates functional cure in children.
Vidas Paralelas. Címon e Luculo
Authors: Ferreira Ana Maria Guedes , Tröster Manuel
Published: November 2021

Ligados pelo tema condutor dos benefícios filelénicos, Címon e Luculo são os estadistas que Plutarco coteja em mais um volume de Vidas Paralelas. Enquanto Luculo se distingue como benfeitor da cidade natal do biógrafo e do mundo helénico durante as Guerras Mitridáticas, Címon emerge como figura emblemática da liberdade e da unidade dos gregos na luta contra os persas. Contudo, ambos os protagonistas também apresentam defeitos e fraquezas, tanto em termos de excessos e extravagâncias na vida privada como, apesar de grandes sucessos políticos e militares, na interação com a multidão e com os seus pares. Assim, Plutarco convida os seus leitores a refletirem sobre as qualidades e imperfeições evidenciadas pelos seus heróis no contexto histórico da Atenas do século V e da Roma tardo-republicana assim como à luz dos desafios do seu próprio presente.
Lessons learned from assessing the cover and yield of bilberry and lingonberry using the national forest inventories in Finland and Sweden
Authors: Miina Jari , Bohlin Inka , Lind Torgny , Dahlgren Jonas , Härkönen Kari , Packalen Tuula , Tolvanen Anne
Published: November 2021

Bilberry ( L.) and lingonberry ( L.) can be a part of healthy diet and are important for many animals. Two approaches are described to assessing their vegetation cover and berry yield via national forest inventory (NFI) observations. The aim was to provide estimates and predictions of the abundance and yield of the species at regional and national levels in Finland and Sweden. In Finland, the model-based predictions are used in evaluating the impacts of cutting intensity on forest berries needed in forest-related decision making. In Sweden, seasonal inventory-based estimates are used to evaluate the annual national and regional berry yields, and in a forecasting system aimed at large public and berry enterprises. Based on the NFI sample plots measured between 2014 and 2018, the total annual yields are estimated to be 208 Mkg of bilberry and 246 Mkg of lingonberry on productive forest land (increment at least 1 m ha year) in Finland, and 336 and 382 Mkg respectively in Sweden (average of NFI inventories in 2015â2019). The predicted development of berry yields is related to the intensity of cuttings in alternative forest management scenarios: lower removals favoured bilberry, and higher removals lingonberry. The model-based method describes the effects of stand development and management on berry yields, whereas the inventory-based method can calibrate seasonal estimates through field observations. In providing spatially and timely more accurate information concerning seasonal berry yields, an assessment of berry yields should involve the elements of both inventory-based and model-based approaches described in this study.Vaccinium myrtillusV. vitis-idaea3â1â1
Possibilities for Multispecies Approaches in Coffee Landscapes
Authors: Jose Ramon Becerra Vera
Published: November 2021

Multispecies approaches can increase our knowledge around the social and ecological dimensions of coffee landscapes. Ethnobiologists combine the social and natural sciences to study the relationships between humans, the environment, and biota. Multispecies approaches can build from these strategies to further explore the social and biological elements that humans together with more-than-humans contribute to ecological landscapes. Using co-constitutions as a key concept, I highlight multispecies studies into agrarian worlds, review ethnobiological studies around coffee, and suggest potential research areas.
ABOUT THE CONTENT OF THE ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE “ENVIRONMENTAL LAW”
Authors: Kalashnik N.I. , Trubnikova O.A. , Sartova A.E.
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the content of the academic discipline “Environmental law”. On the basis of theanalysis of the state educational standards in the field of training “Jurisprudence”, the conclusion is madeabout the place of the discipline” Environmental law “in the main educational program of the university,the possibility in the conditions of the competence approach to vary the content of the discipline, takinginto account the goals and objectives of the course, formed within the course of competencies, the profileof training. Based on a comparative analysis of educational programs on environmental law, implementedboth in universities of Russia and neighboring countries (the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic ofUzbekistan), the authors highlight the didactic features of this academic discipline. The article showsvarious approaches to the formation of the content of the discipline “Environmental Law”. It is noted thatit is necessary to use modular technologies taking into account inter-subject connections, the introductionof new training elements focused on practice. The interdisciplinary nature of the content of the academicdiscipline “Environmental Law”, the demand for knowledge of such content in the market of legal servicesallow us to speak about the feasibility of applying a practice-oriented approach to the design of the contentof the academic discipline.
PROBLEMS OF ESTABLISHING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBJECT WHEN QUALIFYING A CRIME UNDER ARTICLE 200.4 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Poltarykhin V.A.
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the issues of qualification of a crime under Article 200.4 of the Criminal Code ofthe Russian Federation. The author analyzes the provisions of the legislation on state and municipal cigarettesmoking, the norms of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, as well as the criminallaw to identify common signs for abuse in the field of state and municipal procurement and comes to theconclusion about significant contradictions in the protection of the relations under consideration, providedby various branches of law. Considering that the disposition of art. 200.4 of the Criminal Code of the RussianFederation is a blank, then the lack of terminological unity between various normative acts regulating thesphere of procurement is a separate problem that has a negative impact on the developing judicial andinvestigative practice. According to the results of the study, conclusions are drawn about the excessivedifferentiation of responsibility for similar violations, leading to the impossibility of applying criminal lawprohibitions in practice.
Producción de biodiesel a partir del aceite extraído de almendra del corozo Bactris guineensis asistida mediante ultrasonido de sonda directa
Authors: Madrid De la Rosa Juan Martín , Mendoza Meza Dary , Fontalvo Gómez Miriam
Published: November 2021

Contexto: Teniendo en cuenta que el corozo (Bactris guineensis) es una fruta exótica del Caribe colombiano utilizada localmente en la industria de los alimentos y que su almendra posee alto contenido oleaginoso (39,43 % ± 0,49), el presente trabajo busca abordar el aprovechamiento del aceite de la almendra del corozo como alternativa en la obtención de biodiesel haciendo uso de ultrasonido de sonda directa como medio de agitación.
Método: Los ensayos se llevaron a cabo bajo diferentes valores de relación molar alcohol: aceite, concentración de catalizador, amplitud de ultrasonido y tiempo. Para ello se utilizó un diseño central compuesto y se usó la variable de respuesta ‘rendimiento de reacción’ para determinar las condiciones óptimas para la obtención de biodiesel. 
Resultados: Se obtuvo un rendimiento máximo de reacción del 81,05 % empleando una relación molar alcohol: aceite de 6:1; concentración de catalizador de 0,70 %; amplitud de la sonda de ultrasonido del 20 % y tiempo de reacción de 15 minutos
Conclusiones: Se demostró que el producto final cumple con la mayoría de las propiedades señaladas por la norma técnica colombiana (NTC 5444). La implementación del ultrasonido de sonda directa permitió obtener altos rendimientos con tiempos de reacción inferiores a los reportados con los métodos convencionales de agitación, lo cual representa una oportunidad de reducir los gastos energéticos asociados con la producción del biocombustible. Adicionalmente, la diversificación de las materias primas para la fabricación de biodiesel aprovechando los ácidos grasos extraídos de la biomasa residual de B. guineensis, representa una oportunidad para el impulso de la economía regional.
Metodología: Se utilizó un diseño central compuesto para establecer las mejores condiciones de reacción en la obtención de biodiesel.
Resultados: Se obtuvo un rendimiento máximo de reacción del 81,05 % usando una relación molar alcohol: aceite de 6:1; concentración de catalizador de 0,70 %; amplitud de la sonda de ultrasonido del 20 % y tiempo de reacción de 15 minutos
Conclusiones: Se demostró que el biodiesel obtenido cumple con la mayoría de las propiedades establecidas por la norma técnica colombiana (NTC 5444) para el uso en motores diésel. La implementación del ultrasonido de sonda directa permitió obtener altos rendimientos con tiempos de reacción inferiores a los reportados con los métodos convencionales de agitación, lo cual representa una oportunidad de reducir los gastos energéticos asociados con la producción del biocombustible. Adicionalmente, la diversificación de las materias primas para la producción de biodiesel mediante el uso de aceites extraídos de la biomasa residual de B. guineensis, se constituye en una oportunidad para el desarrollo de la economía regional.
Financiamiento: Este proyecto se llevó a cabo con el apoyo del programa Jóvenes Investigadores de Colciencias, Convocatoria “N° 775 de 2017”.
Optimal Power Flow through Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Hernandez Cesar , Sánchez Huertas William , Gómez Víctor
Published: November 2021

Context: The integration of optimization methods into the various processes carried out by an electric power system seeking energy efficiency have led to satisfying results in the reduction of consumption as well as in terms of technical losses, security increase and system reliability.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to identify a method offering the best optimization outcome for the power flow of an energy distribution system with 10 nodes at 13.2 kV.

Methodology: The results of voltage profiles are presented for a 10-node energy distribution system using the Newton Raphson method. Afterward, the system is optimized using genetic and ant colony algorithms.

Results: Their implementation determined that the sum of the potential differences of distribution lines is notably reduced with the genetic algorithm. However, the ant colony optimization code takes less time to run and has a lower number of iterations.

Conclusions: The most efficient optimization is achieved with the genetic algorithm since the evolution of the population shows better optimization levels in comparison to the ant colony algorithm.

Financing: Universidad Francisco José de Caldas and Colciencias
Räumliche Organisationsstrukturen und Standortanforderungen im deutschen Online-Lebensmitteleinzelhandel: Beispiele aus ergänzendem, reinen und kombinierten Onlinehandel
Authors: Dederichs Sebastian , Dannenberg Peter
Published: November 2021

Even before the current covid-19-pandemic, online grocery retailing in Germany is achieving a high level of momentum, giving rise to new and increasingly hybrid forms of operation and distribution models in the retail sector. These new operational forms of complementary, pure and combined e-commerce are accompanied by spatial changes of the individual value-added steps, e.g. in the areas of logistics, store structure and transfer of goods, which have hardly been investigated so far. Using three selected cases studies (Picnic, Wochenmarkt24 and Rewe) newer types of spatial logistics and distribution structures were identified and different location factors of these were listed. Thus, the paper illustrates that, in addition to the typical factors of location selection for distribution warehouses (proximity to customers, employees and suppliers) in food retailing, other aspects, such as a shortening of the last mile, a minimum or maximum density of households in the surrounding area or the proximity to an (agricultural) producer structure, can also be of importance for the new forms of operation.
Participation in real-world laboratories in a new light?! Closing the gap between co-creative and deliberative participation
Authors: Sonnberger Marco , Lindner Doris
Published: November 2021

Sustainability-oriented real-world laboratories involve the co-design and co-creation of knowledge, based on a transdisciplinary cooperation between actors from different social worlds – academia, the administration, business, civil society – each endowed with specific interests, resources and worldviews. Sustainability-oriented real-world laboratories claim to be a means of inclusive participation in the co-creative shaping of solutions for socioecological issues and exploring pathways to sustainability. In the literature dealing with sustainability-oriented real-world laboratories, participation is thus mainly understood as active involvement by civil society, change agents and citizens in processes of experimentation and the implementation of solutions. We call this co-creative participation. However, participation in talk-based opinion formation and decision-making processes – we call this deliberative participation – is hardly discussed in the respective literature. In this paper, we argue that co-creative and deliberative participation are two forms of participation which can be conceptualized differently but which are both relevant for successful experimentation in sustainability-oriented real-world laboratories and are mainly intertwined in practice. We propose an ideal-typical conceptual framework for participation in sustainability-oriented real-world laboratories that combines co-creative and deliberative participation. The aim is to contribute to a systematization of, and rationale for, different forms of participation in real-world laboratories.
Hebelpunkte lokaler Ökonomien. Der Betrieberückgang im lokalen Lebensmittelhandwerk aus systemischer Perspektive
Authors: Sipple David , Schanz Heiner
Published: November 2021

The diversity of local economies represents a central factor for the success of sustainability transformations at municipal levels. But especially the heterogeneous structures of familyowned, locally based (small-scale) businesses seem to be threatened in their existence by market concentration and branching processes. At the same time, municipal planning departments as well as local administrations and politics have not yet taken account of all sectors of local economies and their differing needs. Searching levers for governance interventions to promote and maintain local economies therefore requires more attention. Family-owned, locally based (smallscale) food trade businesses, which represent the case study of this paper, are currently exposed to existential threats. In a first step, the causes of the business closures and the accompanying expectations and strategic considerations are nalysed via qualitative expert interviews with bakeries and butchers in two medium-sized towns in Southern Germany. This is done from a systemic perspective, in the form of modelling causal loop diagrams and the classification of these into so-called system archetypes. The aim is, in a second step, to identify leverage points for governance interventions, through which local authorities can support the branches of the (small-scale) local economy
Von Reallaboren zu urbanen Experimenten: deutsche und internationale Debatten
Authors: Kern Kristine , Haupt Wolfgang
Published: November 2021

In recent years, real-world labs have become an important part of application-related sustainability research in Germany and Europe. Currently, the international academic debate is shifting more and more towards research on local experiments. Against this backdrop, this paper serves in particular the purpose of placing the German-speaking research on real-world labs within international debates, and of comparing it systematically with debates on urban living labs and experiments. In this context, we concentrate especially on the basic assumptions of these three approaches, their origins and areas of application as well as the importance of learning processes. Although all three approaches aim at urban sustainability transformations, not much is known about their medium- and long-term impacts. Their temporal and spatial scaling, which is critical here, was recognized as problem but has barely become object of systematic research. This paper follows the purpose to enrich the German debate on real-world labs and to link it to the international discussion.
Warenlagergebäude in Deutschland: Eine neue Methodik zur regionalen Quantifizierung der Flächeninanspruchnahme
Authors: Kretzschmar Daniel , Gutting Robin , Schiller Georg , Weitkamp Alexandra
Published: November 2021

In 2018, the building segment of warehouse buildings accounted for around a quarter of all newly constructed floor space in German non-residential buildings. Despite this great significance, there is a lack of in-depth analyses that look at construction activity in a differentiated manner by region and sector. As a result, little is known so far about the land-use implications of construction in this building segment. This paper a methodology to quantify the land use of warehouse buildings on a regional scale is presented. Based on a data set from the German Research Data Centre for the years 2000 to 2015 and by applying GIS-supported conversion parameters, propositions on the small-scale characteristics of land use are possible down to the municipal level. It is apparent that the segment of warehouse buildings is characterized by concentration effects in three respects: the buildings are getting larger and larger, they are increasingly being constructed by specialized logistics service providers and are spatially concentrated in only a few well-connected locations. As a result, contrary to the general trend, the land use of this segment is steadily increasing. A differentiated consideration of land use along spatial and functional contexts seems to be advisable for the success of national land-use targets.
Mikroapartments in Deutschland – eine Analyse räumlicher Implikationen von Mikroapartmentanlagen
Authors: Hein Simon
Published: November 2021

Sustainable urban development requires the sustainable development of the housing sector. The Commission for Sustainable Building at the German Environment Agency, for example, recommends a reduction in per capita living space and developing sufficient floor plan designs. In this sense, microapartments are of particular relevance. Aside from climate change mitigation and resource efficiency, there are other challenges to sustainable urban spaces which have to be considered. To this end, this paper researches micro-apartments in the context of sustainable urban development planning. As a conceptual framework, the approach of a more spaceoriented housing research is tested. A possible revitalisation of urban niches is identified as the main potential of microapartment complexes. However, we find micro-apartments do not contribute to affordable housing for students, who are a main target group of micro-apartments. Further research on whether tenants of micro-apartments are increasingly outsourcing housing-related activities is needed, so that the socio-spatial implications of micro-apartments can be better understood.
Transdisziplinäre Realexperimente und künstlerische Forschungspraktiken. Koproduktion urbaner Resilienz im Reallabor Gängeviertel in Hamburg
Authors: Ziehl Michael
Published: November 2021

Using real-world laboratories, researchers in spatial sciences increasingly engage in both, shaping and observing transformation processes of urban systems. Thereby, real-world experiments are critical. As interventions into the real, they serve to test and foster possibilities of change. This paper discusses two real-world experiments with reference to the Gängeviertel in Hamburg. Their purpose was to shape the conflictual cooperation process to renovate the historic inner city quarter in a more efficient way and to gain knowledge about motives and values of those who are involved. The paper focusses on arts-based practices such as staging, arranging and performing, that were integrated into the research design with the purpose to outline their potentials for transformative research as well as to discuss challenges and constraints. Furthermore the scientific assumptions of the research design are illustrated.
Wie mit Populisten umgehen? Demokratie- und planungstheoretische Perspektiven für Planungspraxis und Planungsforschung
Authors: Thiele Pia , Leibenath Markus
Published: November 2021

The rise of populist forces presents a new challenge to spatial planning because of its potential for conflict in substantial and procedural terms. The aim of the article is to develop three perspectives on populism and planning based on democracy and planning theory and to draw conclusions for planning practice and planning research. The theories consulted are elitist, rational-technocratic theories, deliberative, participatory theories as well as radical democratic-agonistic theories. If we are to translate theses perspectives into planners’ hypothetical courses of actions, a nuanced picture of possible strategies of action in dealing with populist actors and tendencies comes about. Planning practitioners may choose strategies like ‘ignoring’, ‘arguing’, ‘integrating’, ‘excluding’ and ‘profiting from’ populists. As such, planners and populists might become allies sharing a common interest in repoliticizing current conditions. Concluding, with said theoretical perspectives in mind, the contribution offers topics and questions for further research.
Sozialräumliche Monitoringsysteme. Ein Vergleich quantitativer Herangehensweisen für städtische Sozialraummonitorings im deutschsprachigen Raum
Authors: Speringer Markus , Böing Mira
Published: November 2021

Cities are centres of social, cultural, economic and material diversity, where people in the most diverse living situations meet in densely populated areas and where social inequalities or disparities can manifest and intensify through the spatial concentration of population groups. Due to the increase in inner-city disparities, numerous German-speaking (large) cities have started to establish small-scale social area reports in order to be able to counteract the spatial concentration of social problems at an early stage. This paper systematically analyses and discusses the different methodological-conceptual approaches to quantitative social area analyses in 25 Germanspeaking (large) cities with comparable data material. The systematic comparison of motivations, goals and content-related questions as well as the indicators, spatial levels of analysis and methodological approaches used are of interest for this meta-analysis. The knowledge gained can be of relevance for urban and regional administrations when (re)designing and implementing their own social area analyses.
Wenn Neues aufs Land kommt. Entwicklung, Umsetzung und Verbreitung innovativer Lösungen zur digitalen Daseinsvorsorge
Authors: Mettenberger Tobias , Zscherneck Julia , Küpper Patrick
Published: November 2021

For maintaining basic service provision in shrinking rural areas, great potential is attributed to digital solutions. At the same time, however, disadvantageous conditions for innovations are attested to such spaces, so that the realisation of novel approaches seems to be difficult, compared to agglomerations. In this context, a growing body of research examines the practice of those actors, who are responsible for local projects. In contrast, a much weaker focus lays on relationships with supra-regional key institutions and service providers, as well as on the related power structures. Given that need for research, we go further into the question which factors are influencing the development, implementation and diffusion of innovative and digital solutions for rural basic service provision. Our research is based on three regional case studies, two of them in the field of public health and one in the field of schooling. Our problem-centred interviews and documentary research show key drivers in the dimensions of power, knowledge and space. Furthermore, we demonstrate a varying importance of key drivers and actor relations, dependent on the project phase. Besides the support of key institutions and mayor suppliers, the acceptance through local basic service providers is a decisive factor for effective implementation, everyday usage and potential special diffusion of the analysed digital solutions.
MODIFICATION OF THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR TO MEASURE THE INTENTIONS AND BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLES PARTICIPATION IN THE WASTE BANK PROGRAM (CASE: BANTUL REGENCY)
Authors: Fatliana Anggun Nindy , Handayani Naniek Utami , Mahacandra Manik , Linarti Utaminingsih
Published: November 2021

Waste is an environmental problem that hasn’t been resolved until now. This problem can be overcome with the waste bank program. The success of the waste bank is supported by the high level of community participation. Currently, the level of community participation in Bantul Regency is still low, which is below 50%. The purpose of this research is to investigates what factors that can increase people’s intention and behavior of  participating in waste  bank activities at Bantul Regency. This research using factors from Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model. Besides of factors from Theory of Planned Behavior this research added other factors like knowledge of how and what, knowledge of the consequences and situational factors used as a measurement tools. The research used 300 samples. The target respondents for this research are members who actively participate in the waste bank activities. The sampling technique is purposive sampling, regression analysis methods is using on this research. The analysis results showed that attitudes, subjective norms, knowledge of how and what, knowledge of consequence and situational factor have a significant effect on the people’s intention to participate in the waste bank programs. Meanwhile the perceived control behavior variable has no significant effect on the people’s intention to participate in the waste bank program. All the factors togethers can explain the intention of 44.7%.
THE INFLUENCE OF USING SHOPEEPAY AND SHOPEE PAYLATER FEATURES ON SHOPEE USER PURCHASING DECISIONS DURING THE COVID- 19
Authors: Lestari Sri , Handayani Naniek Utami , Mahacandra Manik
Published: November 2021

A process of buying and selling products, information and services that is carried out electronically by utilizing a computer network is often known as E-commerce and providing ease of payment, namely by using the ShopeePay and Shopee PayLater features. This study aims to find out which independent variables are variables that can influence purchasing decisions for Shopee users and find out which factors are more dominant in influencing purchasing decisions for Shopee users on the use of Shopeepay and Shopee PayLater features. Moreover, the trend of consumer behavior in the future also can be explored from the Zscore. The research method used is the method of Discriminant Analysis. The data collection technique was carried out by surveying 55 respondents through questionnaires. From the equation formed, consumers' tendency to buy or not to make purchases through Shopee E-Commerce is determined by the Customer Satisfaction variable in the transaction. Furthermore, from the Z value, the group that does not make purchases (0) has a Z value = 0.214, while the group that often makes purchases (1) has a Z = -0.207 value. From the equation formed, consumers' tendency to buy or not to make purchases through Shopee E-Commerce is determined by the Customer Satisfaction variable in the transaction. Moreover, from the Z value, the group that does not make purchases (0) has a Z value = 0.214, while the group that often makes purchases (1) has a Z = -0.207 value. From the equation formed, consumers' tendency to buy or not to make purchases through Shopee E-Commerce is determined by the Customer Satisfaction variable in the transaction. Furthermore, from the Z value, the group that does not make purchases (0) has a Z value = 0.214, while the group that often makes purchases (1) has a Z = -0.207 value.
Growth of Salmonella Enteritidis in the presence of quorum sensing signaling compounds produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: He Weijia , Yang Huamei , Wang Xiang , Li Hongmei , Dong Qingli
Published: November 2021

Quorum sensing (QS) can exist in food-related bacteria and potentially affect bacterial growth through acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs). To verify the role of QS compounds in the cell-free supernatant, this study examined the effect of supernatant extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture on the growth kinetics of Salmonella Enteritidis. The results showed that the lag time (λ) of S. Enteritidis was apparently reduced (p < 0.05) under the influence of P. aeruginosa culture supernatant compared with the S. Enteritidis culture supernatant. HPLC-MS/MS test demonstrated that AHLs secreted by P. aeruginosa were mainly C14-HSL with a content of 85.71 μg/mL and a small amount of 3-oxo-C12-HSL. In addition, the commercially synthetic C14-HSL had positive effects on the growth of S. Enteritidis, confirming once again that the growth of S. Enteritidis was affected by AHL metabolized by other bacteria and the complexity of bacterial communication.
Gain flattened and C/L band amplified spontaneous emission noise re-injected L-band EDFA
Authors: Bansal Bharat Naresh , Singh Navjot
Published: November 2021

Explosive increase in internet services put peer pressure on conventional band grid (1530–1570 nm) and therefore L-band wide wavelength grid is required to cater the ever-increasing demands. In this work, accentuation is given to enhance the gain flattening of ultradense (25 GHz) L-band WDM system using single stage EDFA amplifier when ultralow power is launched from 16 and 32 channels. High gain and gain flattening is achieved by incorporating three fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for amplified spontaneous noise reinjection. Maximum Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is emerged at 1565 nm for the 1575.69–1579 nm input wavelengths (16 channels) and 1572.58–1579 nm (32 channels) at −55 dBm ultra low carrier powers. To optimize different parameters of L-band EDFA, different physical parameters such as core radius, EDF link lengths, and launched powers are varied, and results are analyzed in terms of lateness. Maximum gain is found out to be 34.12 dB at optimal physical parameters of the EDF with gain flatness of ±0.45 dB in case of 16 channels and ±1.41 in case of 32 channels.
Manual metal arc welding of dissimilar 30MnB5 and S 235 low alloyed steels for agricultural applications
Authors: Çevik Bekir
Published: November 2021

In agricultural mechanization industry, different types of materials are assembled with each other to establish agricultural machine systems. However, the necessity of joining dissimilar materials used in the same machine system may cause some problems. Joining two different materials by welding and selecting the most appropriate weld metal (electrode) for this is a very difficult problem. The increasing importance of the economic factors in today’s industry requires both the use of dissimilar materials in agricultural mechanization and the production of longer-lasting agricultural machines, thus making it necessary to use dissimilar steels in agricultural mechanization systems. Therefore, it is important to apply a welding process to dissimilar steels used in agricultural mechanization. In this study, 30MnB5/S235 steel pairs were joined by the manual metal arc welding (MMAW) method using different covered electrodes. In order to determine the mechanical properties of the welded samples, hardness, bending, and impact tests were carried out. In addition, visual inspection to the weld seams, liquid penetrant testing, and metal-lographic examinations to determine the microstructural properties were conducted. As a result of the microstructure studies, structures such as grain boundary ferrite, Widmanstätten ferrite, acicular ferrite, bainite, and martensite were determined in the weld metal and HAZs. As a result of the hardness test, the highest hardness values were determined in HAZs on the side of 30MnB5 steel. As a result of the bending test, the highest mechanical properties were obtained in the weld seams made with basic flux-cored wire. As a result of the notch impact test, the highest mechanical properties were obtained in the weld seams made with basic flux-cored wire, after the base metals.
Microstructure adjustment of an asymmetric ceramic membrane with high permeation performance
Authors: Zhang Huaitao , Hu Xuebing , Liu Xin , Yang Zhiyong , Yu Yun , Wang Yongqing
Published: November 2021

An asymmetric alumina ceramic membrane was prepared by secondary dip coating. The influence of different dispersants and dip coating parameters on the microstructure of the membrane separation layer was explored. Meanwhile, the pure water fluxes of the membranes with various microstructures were also studied. The results show that a separation layer with a defect-free thickness of 16.5 μm and high surface flatness can be obtained when using polycarboxylate as a dispersant and twice dip coating within 2 s + 1 s and the pure water flux of an asymmetric membrane up to 1153 L × m-2 × h-1 × bar-1. The present work provides a simple and effective method for controlling the morphology and permeation performance of an asymmetric alumina membrane.
SDM transmission of orbital angular momentum mode channels over a multi-ring-core fibre
Authors: Zhang Jingxing , Lin Zhongzheng , Liu Jie , Liu Junyi , Lin Zhenrui , Mo Shuqi , Lin Shuqing , Shen Lei , Zhang Lei , Chen Yujie , Lan Xiaobo , Yu Siyuan
Published: November 2021

Spatial division multiplexed optical transmission over a multi-ring-core orbital angular momentum (OAM) fibre is reported for the first time. The seven cores in the fibre each supports OAM modes belonging to mode groups (MGs) of topological charge |l| = 0–4. The MGs of |l| = 1–4 each contains four near-degenerate OAM modes that carry the combinations of opposite orbital and spin angular momenta. The weak coupling between these higher-order MGs as well as between the cores enables the simultaneous transmission of 56 OAM mode channels (two MGs per core of the topological charges |l| = 2 and 3) over the 60-km span, while only requiring modular 4 × 4 multi-input multi-output (MIMO) signal processing to equalize the mixing among the four mode channels in each MG that are strongly coupled – a feature that also minimizes the number of filter taps. The mode channels are launched using seven-core single-mode fibre fan-in devices, with the light in all seven cores converted into OAM modes via specially designed plates that carry seven off-axis-compensated phase masks matching the hexagonal configuration of the multi-core fibres. Each mode channel carries 10 WDM wavelengths, equivalently aggregating to a capacity of 31.4 Tbit/s (net 25.1 Tb/s) and a spectral efficiency (SE) of 62.7 bit/s/Hz (net 50.2 bit/s/Hz) with 28-GBaud QPSK modulation per data channel.
Crystal structure of (E)-3-((4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)thio)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one, C15H20O2S
Authors: Dong Le , Guo Ya-Fei , Ma Jun-Ying , Wang Jun-Ling , Feng Shu-Xiao , Huo Hui-Kang
Published: November 2021

C15H20O2S, monoclinic, P21/c (No. 14), a = 12.8520(8) Å, b = 10.5864(8) Å, c = 11.2202(7) Å, β = 104.375(7)°, V = 1478.78(18) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0655, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1781, T = 293 K.
Optimization of Kiel geometry for better recovery factor in high temperature measurement in aero gas turbine engine
Authors: George Benny , Muthuveerappan Nagalingam
Published: November 2021

During gas turbine engine testing, steady-state gas-path stagnation temperatures and pressures are measured in order to calculate the adiabatic efficiencies of the major turbomachinery components. These measurements are carried out using fixed intrusive probes, which are installed at the inlet and outlet of each component. The overall uncertainty in calculated component efficiency depends on the accuracy of discrete point pressure and temperature measurement. High accuracy in measurement and prediction of measurement errors has become increasingly important if small gains in component performance needs to be achieved. The recent trend is to predict component efficiencies within ±1–2%. The present work covers different Kiel designs that have been developed in a response to this demand based on a MATLAB code and experimental evaluation. A parametric study has been carried out by varying the two most critical parameters viz. Ae/Ab ratio and L/D ratio to optimize the Kiel design. These design changes will allow measurements to be made with minimum possible errors and efficiencies to be calculated more accurately over a wider range of conditions inside a low bypass turbofan gas turbine engine.
A New Apparatus for Installing Distributed Optical Sensors onto Uniaxial Compression Test Specimens to Measure Full-Field Strain Responses
Authors: Hegger Shawn , Vlachopoulos Nicholas , Diederichs Mark S.
Published: November 2021

The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test is a key tool used by the geotechnical industry to determine the strength and stiffness behavior of intact rock. A fundamental procedure in the process of these experiments is strain response measurement. The standard method of measuring UCS test strain response is to use discrete strain measuring devices such as extensometers or electric strain gages, or both, at the mid-height of a specimen. However, by using a novel technique of integrating distributed optical strain sensing with UCS testing, a high-density full-field strain response of UCS specimens can be measured. This article presents a novel device that can be used as a turnkey solution for installing optical strain sensors to the exterior of UCS specimens for the benefit of measuring full-field specimen strain during UCS testing.
Prevalence and phenotypic features of diabetes due to recessive, non-syndromic WFS1 mutations
Authors: Zhu Mingqiang , Li Yangxi , Dong Guanping , Chen Xuefeng , Huang Ke , Wu Wei , Dai Yangli , Zhang Li , Lin Hu , Wang Sihua , Polychronakos Constantin , Fu Junfen
Published: November 2021

Objective

Recessive WFS1 mutations are known to cause Wolfram syndrome, a very rare systemic disorder. However, they were also found in non-syndromic diabetes in Han Chinese misdiagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D), a molecular cause that appears to be considerably more common than the fully expressed syndrome. We aimed to better define the incidence and clinical features of non-syndromic diabetes due to recessive WFS1 mutation.

Design

We analyzed the genotype and phenotype of 320 consecutive incident Chinese pediatric diabetic patients diagnosed from 2016 to 2019 to search for non-syndromic diabetic cases due to recessive WFS1 mutation.

Methods

A cohort of 105 pancreatic autoantibody-negative patients were recruited for exome sequencing. All patients tested positive for pathogenic diallelic WFS1 mutations were examined for phenotypic features (fundoscopy, audiogram, and urine density).

Results

We found three cases of non-syndromic diabetes due to recessive WFS1 mutations (incidence = 0.94% (95% CI: 0.25–2.7%)). All three cases only had mild diabetes when diagnosed. All patients had well-conserved fasting C-peptide when diagnosed but one of them progressed to T1D-like insulin deficiency. In addition, we found a fourth case with previously undetected features of Wolfram syndrome.

Conclusions

Non-syndromic diabetes due to WFS1 mutation may be common among Chinese pediatric patients with diabetes. It is important to differentiate it from other maturity-onset diabetes in the young subtypes with similar phenotype by molecular diagnosis because of different prognosis and, potentially, therapy.
Microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Phyllostachys heterocycla leaves: Optimization, mechanism, and antioxidant activity in vitro
Authors: Xu Jie , Wu Jianjun , Qi Juan , Li Juan , Liu Yongju , Miao Zekai , Qiu Guofeng , Jia Wenke
Published: November 2021

Flavonoids were extracted from Phyllostachys heterocycla leaves by adopting microwave-assisted extraction technology. Based on the single factor experiment and Plackett-Burman design results, the extraction process of flavonoids was further optimized using the response surface methodology. The optimum conditions were as follows: an ethanol concentration of 78.1%, an extraction time of 24.9 min, and a microwave power of 559 W. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of flavonoids was 4.67%, which was in close proximity to the predicted value (4.70%) and higher than the extraction yield from traditional Soxhlet extraction (3.35%). Moreover, the possible extraction mechanisms of these two extraction methods were further derived to explain why the microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids was more efficient compared with traditional Soxhlet extraction. Ultimately, the antioxidant activities in vitro of flavonoids from Phyllostachys heterocycla leaves were evaluated via DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. The flavonoids from Phyllostachys heterocycla leaves exhibited excellent antioxidant activities in vitro and Phyllostachys heterocycla leaves could be a new natural source for developing antioxidants. Overall, the findings of this research could provide a theoretical reference for the further comprehensive development and utilization of bamboo resources.
Optimal instar and method of meta-tolyl-N-methyl-carbamate application for killing Aphrophora costalis Matsumura
Authors: Huang Yi , Huang Ze , Liu Junpeng , Wu Fei , Li Qingde , Yan Shanchun
Published: November 2021

For determining the effects of meta-tolyl-N-methylcarbamate (MTMC, metolcarb) on Aphrophora costalis Matsumura (ACM) and the migration and leaching law of MTMC in soil, the thin-layer chromatography method was used. The characteristics of migration and leaching of MTMC in the dark brown soils, and the most critical influences such as soil type, pH, and amount of water were considered to evaluate the impact of leaching rate. The results showed that 25% MTMC diluted 1,000 times was most effective in controlling ACM, with a mortality reaching 87.8% by root irrigation, and a mortality of up to 94.4% by root burial. For dark brown soil, clay minerals are primarily quartz, as well as small amounts of agalmatolite, mica, and kaolinite. Adsorption of MTMC by dark brown soil begins within 2 h, which increases rapidly in capacity before 16 h, and tends to balance with a decrease in the gradient concentration after 16 h. The desorption capacity of MTMC exhibits a gradual increase within 2 h, showing a maximum around 12 μg·g-1, which tends to stabilize after 12 h. MTMC has moderate mobility in dark brown soil. This research has important practical significance for controlling tree diseases and insect pests and protecting the environment.