bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Coilia nasus resources after implementation of the 10-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River: implied from the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent sea areas
Authors: Wang Shuyan , Xiong Ying , Zhang Hushun , Song Dade , Wang Yanping , Ge Hui , Zhang Chengbin , Liang Long , Zhong Xiaming
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The implementation of the 10-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River has provided a crucial opportunity for the recovery of rare and endangered diadromous species, such as Coilia nasus.

Methods

In this study, we utilized electronic length–frequency analysis (ELEFAN) and length-based Bayesian biomass estimation (LBB) method to fit the body length data of C. nasus from the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent sea areas before and after the fishing ban (2019-2023), and the resource changes of C. nasus population were evaluated. Additionally, combined the catch production monitoring data from 2020 to 2022, we comprehensively analyzed the impact of the Yangtze River fishing ban on the recovery of C. nasus resources.

Results

The results showed that: (1) The proportion of quantity, weight and occurrence frequency of C. nasus in catches showed a significant increasing trend year by year. (2) 4,994 C. nasus were caught from 2021–2023, with body lengths ranging from 13–410 mm. In 2023, the average body length and weight of C. nasus had increased by 39.93% and 133.89%, respectively, from those in 2021. (3) ELEFAN estimated that the growth parameters after fishing ban, including asymptotic length, growth coefficient, and the theoretical age at length zero, were determined to be 42.92 cm, 0.43 year-1, and -0.31 year, respectively. The total mortality rate, fishing mortality rate, and exploitation rate were determined to be 1.47 year-1, 0.79 year-1, and 0.54, respectively. (4) LBB estimated that the relative fishing mortality of C. nasus before the fishing ban increased from 1.22 in 2019 to 2.65 in 2020, while the relative biomass decreased from 0.34 to 0.22. After the fishing ban, the relative fishing mortality decreased from 0.85 in 2021 to 0.06 in 2023, and the relative biomass increased from 0.26 in 2021 to 0.90 in 2023, with a significant increase in 2022, indicating a clear recovery trend in C. nasus resources.

Discussion

By quantifying the resource characteristics of C. nasus before and after the 10-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River, this research revealed the impact of the ban and provided a reference for future systematic evaluations of the C. nasus population.
Non-linear surges and extreme wind-waves in Port Phillip Bay under existing and future mean sea levels
Authors: Tran Huy Quang , Ayala Cruz Franklin , McCarroll Jak , Babanin Alexander
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study investigates non-linear surges and extreme wind-wave patterns in Port Phillip Bay (PPB), Victoria, Australia, under both current and projected mean sea level (MSL) scenarios. The research aims to understand the potential impacts of increasing MSL on extreme surges and wind-waves, utilising a combined wave-circulation modelling system (SCHISM-WWMIII).

Methods

This validated coupled model was employed to simulate 32 years of hindcasts (1990-2022) applied to five distinct MSL scenarios: existing, 0.5 m, 0.8 m, 1.1 m, and 1.4 m. Modelled data were extracted from 24 different stations in the bay at a depth of 2 m to analyse the impacts of increasing MSL on extreme surges and wind-waves.

Results

Under the current scenario, the results indicate that both surges and wave patterns are significantly influenced by seasonal wind patterns. In the context of rising MSL, the research reveals that while surges exhibit a degree of resilience to changes in MSL, the wave field is more vulnerable to such variations. The non-linear response of the wave field to increasing MSL further complicates the scenario. For instance, there is an unequal response in the median of the annual maximum significant wave height (Hs) corresponding to the rising MSL from 0 m to 0.5 m and from 0.5 m to 0.8 m, which is expected due to wave breaking triggered by changes in water depth. Specifically, the median annual maximum Hs at 12 locations remains unchanged when MSL increases from 0 m to 0.5 m. However, increasing MSL from 0.5 m to 0.8 m increases the median annual maximum Hs by up to 0.36 m, accounting for 70% of the total increase in the median annual maximum Hs when MSL rises from 0 m to 1.4 m at the same locations.

Discussion

The study found that intensification in the median of annual maximum Hs occurs only in locations where the values exceed 1.0 m. This suggests that areas with higher extreme Hs values are more prone to experiencing significant variations. In contrast, stations with a median annual maximum Hs below the 1.0 m threshold exhibit only minor increases in the annual maximum Hs. These findings highlight the complex and non-linear nature of the wave field's response to rising MSL and emphasise the importance of considering local conditions when assessing the impacts of sea level rise on coastal regions.
Shoreline change analysis in the estuarine area of Rizhao based on remote sensing images and numerical simulation
Authors: Zhang Zhaozi , Wang Zhenlu , Liang Bingchen , Leng Xue , Yang Bo , Shi Luming
Published: December 2024

The dynamic coastal environment is characterized by complex and variable interactions, often reflected in shoreline changes. This study analyzes shoreline changes in the estuarine area of Rizhao from 1985 to 2020 based on remote sensing images from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8. The largest shoreline changes were attributed to large-scale harbor construction, while relatively natural shorelines showed minor fluctuation. Due to the complex dynamics at the estuaries, shorelines on both sides of the estuaries were extracted and analyzed using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) in ArcGIS. Results indicate the southern shoreline experienced minor fluctuations, with a Linear Regression Rate (LRR) ranging from -2.27 m/y to 1.87 m/y. In contrast, the northern shoreline exhibited more significant fluctuations, with an LRR ranging from -7.62 m/y to 13.54 m/y, likely due to more intense dynamics near the cape and Muguan Island. Intra-annual seasonal shoreline was found to be more pronounced than inter-annual variations. Correlation analysis between the Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) and dynamic factor intensities across seasons revealed the highest correlation with runoff volume. Typhoon passages were observed to cause shoreline erosion, while sediment-laden runoff partially mitigated this erosion.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of diastasis recti abdominis and its association with pelvic floor dysfunction in postpartum women: a cross-sectional study of a two-year retrospective cohort
Authors: Li Manrong , Wang Nana , Wang Rui , Liang Bingyin
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the ultrasonographic findings of Diastasis Recti Abdominis (DRA) in postpartum women, explore associated risk factors, and assess the relationship between DRA and pelvic floor dysfunction.

Methods

This retrospective cross-sectional study included 143 parturient women diagnosed with DRA at our institution from January 2022 to December 2023. The study aimed to assess the ultrasonographic characteristics and clinical implications of DRA in postpartum women. The study participants were aged 21–43 years, carried a single fetus to term without instrumental delivery, and had no prior abdominal surgery. We excluded incomplete records and cases with congenital lumbar spine abnormalities or significant visceral disease. Ultrasound was employed to evaluate the DRA features, specifically the condition of the abdominal midline and echo types. A control group comprised 57 women who had normal deliveries without DRA. The primary outcome of this study was the measurement of rectus abdominis separation using ultrasonography. Secondary outcomes included the assessment of pelvic floor muscle function via electromyography (EMG), evaluation of pain levels, and the identification of risk factors associated with diastasis recti.

Results

In the observation group, ultrasound revealed widened abdominal midlines in 122 cases (85.31%), discontinuity in 21 cases (14.68%), and various echo types indicating unequal, narrow band-like moderate, and slightly strong fibrous echoes. Significant differences were found in rectus abdominis separation and levator ani muscle hiatus area, with both being larger in the observation group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Advanced maternal age, higher parity, higher pre-pregnancy BMI, and cesarean delivery were identified as significant risk factors for DRA occurrence in the logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion

DRA is prevalent among postpartum women with specific ultrasonographic profiles indicating considerable abdominal muscle separation. The study highlights the importance of ultrasound in diagnosing DRA and suggests that certain demographic and delivery method factors increase the risk of this condition. These findings could guide clinicians in early diagnosis and intervention, potentially improving outcomes for affected women.
Case report: Multiphenotypic cervical cancer resembling human papillomavirus-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma
Authors: Bao Xiaoxiao , Chen Yan , Zhang Jing , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: December 2024

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HMSC) is a biphasic epithelial tumor associated with HPV infection. This rare tumor primarily affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, with only two cases reported outside these locations to date—one in the breast and one in the vulva. This report presents a case of a tumor resembling an HMSC arising in the cervix. A 69-year-old female patient presented to our hospital with a history of vaginal bleeding lasting for more than a year. The patient tested positive for high-risk HPV. A cervical biopsy revealed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with invasion. Subsequently, the patient underwent radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. The postoperative pathological diagnosis, based on histology, immunohistochemistry, and HPV testing, was multiphenotypic cervical carcinoma resembling HMSC. The patient did not receive any adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy postoperatively. Notably, during a year of postoperative follow-up, no recurrence or metastasis was observed. Multiphenotypic cervical carcinoma is a rare tumor that resembles HPV-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma. These tumors are associated with HPV infection, typically exhibit high-grade histological features, and show a propensity for local indolent progression clinically. Accurate identification of these tumors through their histological characteristics and immunohistochemical staining, followed by confirmation with HPV and molecular genetic testing, is crucial for precise diagnosis, prognostication, and effective management.
Aging promotes an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation in astrocytes
Authors: Araujo Ana Paula Bergamo , Vargas Gabriele , Hayashide Lívia de Sá , Matias Isadora , Andrade Cherley Borba Vieira , de Carvalho Jorge José , Gomes Flávia Carvalho Alcantara , Diniz Luan Pereira
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Brain aging involves a complex interplay of cellular and molecular changes, including metabolic alterations and the accumulation of senescent cells. These changes frequently manifest as dysregulation in glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function, leading to reduced energy production, increased oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction—key contributors to age-related neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods

We conducted experiments on two models: young (3–4 months) and aged (over 18 months) mice, as well as cultures of senescent and control mouse astrocytes. Mitochondrial content and biogenesis were analyzed in astrocytes and neurons from aged and young animals. Cultured senescent astrocytes were examined for mitochondrial membrane potential and fragmentation. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunocytochemistry were used to measure fusion- and fission-related protein levels. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy provided morphological data on mitochondria.

Results

Astrocytes and neurons from aged animals showed a significant reduction in mitochondrial content and a decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis. Senescent astrocytes in culture exhibited lower mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mitochondrial fragmentation. qPCR and immunocytochemistry analyses revealed a 68% increase in fusion-related proteins (mitofusin 1 and 2) and a 10-fold rise in DRP1, a key regulator of mitochondrial fission. Transmission electron microscopy showed reduced perimeter, area, and length-to-diameter ratio of mitochondria in astrocytes from aged mice, supported by elevated DRP1 phosphorylation in astrocytes of the cerebral cortex.

Discussion

Our findings provide novel evidence of increased mitochondrial fragmentation in astrocytes from aged animals. This study sheds light on mechanisms of astrocytic metabolic dysfunction and mitochondrial dysregulation in brain aging, highlighting mitochondrial fragmentation as a potential target for therapeutic interventions in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Development of an indicator framework for assessing nursing quality in interventional therapy for intracranial aneurysms in China
Authors: Yang Hai-xia , Fan Ben-fang , Zhao Jia , Ji Jian-hong , Ding Wen-bin , Shen Wei-guang
Published: December 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to devise an indicator system to assess the quality of nursing care in the context of interventional therapy for intracranial aneurysms (IA) in China. This will furnish a standardized and quantitative framework for the monitoring and assessment of nursing quality within the IA interventional therapeutic field.

Methods

The indicators and their associated weights within the evaluation system for nursing quality in interventional therapy for IA were determined based on the theoretical framework of the three-dimensional quality model, specifically the “structure-process-outcome” paradigm. This was achieved by using several methodological approaches, such as literature analysis, semi-structured interviews, expert consultations, the Delphi method, and the analytic hierarchy process.

Results

Expert consultations were conducted over two rounds, with questionnaires distributed via email and WeChat. Both rounds yielded a questionnaire return rate of 100%. Across these consultations, pertinent statistical measures were obtained, such as the expert authority coefficient (Cr), the coefficient of variation (CV), and Kendall’s harmony coefficient, which exhibited values of 0.886 and 0.952, 0–0.193 and 0–0.185, and 0.138 and 0.149, respectively. These findings indicated statistically significant differences (p < 0.01). Notably, the indicators within the final iteration of the evaluation system for nursing quality in interventional therapy for IA are categorized into 3 tiers: primary indicators, encompassing 3 metrics; secondary indicators, comprising 10 metrics; and tertiary indicators, consisting of 36 indicators.

Conclusion

The indicator system devised for assessing nursing quality in interventional therapy for IA, as outlined in this study, possesses a high level of scientific rigor and reliability in China. It aptly captures the unique nuances inherent in IA management during interventional therapy nursing, thereby serving as a valuable reference point for the assessment of nursing quality within the context of IA interventional therapy.
Application status and prospects of multimodal EEG-fMRI in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Chen Junzhuo , Luo Haixia , Liu Jiaojiao , Wang Wei , Ma Juming , Hou Chuanke , Jiang Xingyuan , Zhou Zhongkai , Li Hongjun
Published: December 2024

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are one of the common complications in people living with HIV (PLWH), which can affect their attention, working memory, and other related cognitive functions. With the widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the incidence of HAND has declined. However, HAND is still an important complication of HIV, which not only affects the quality of life of patients but also affects their adherence to HIV treatment. Its diagnosis mainly relies on neurocognitive tests, which have a certain degree of subjectivity, making it difficult to diagnose and classify HAND accurately, and there is an urgent need to explore more sensitive biomarkers. Multimodal brain imaging has seen a surge in recent years with simultaneous EEG-fMRI being at the forefront of cognitive multimodal neuroimaging. It is a complementary fusion technique that effectively combines the high spatial resolution of fMRI with the high temporal resolution of EEG, compensating for the shortcomings of a single technique and providing a new method for studying cognitive function. It is expected to reveal the underlying mechanisms of HAND and provide high spatiotemporal warning biomarkers of HAND, which will provide a new perspective for the early diagnosis and treatment of HAND and contribute to the improvement of patient prognosis.
Burden of neurologic diseases in BRICS countries (1990 to 2021): an analysis of 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Chauhan Shubham , Gaidhane Shilpa , Priya G. Padma , Sharma Pawan , Bhat Mahakshit , Sharma Shilpa , Kumar M. Ravi , Sinha Aashna , Zahiruddin Quazi Syed , Dev Navneet , Bushi Ganesh , Jena Diptismita , Shabil Muhammed , Sah Sanjit , Syed Rukshar , Kundra Kamal , Dash Alisha , Samal Shailesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

Background

Neurological disorders are a major global health concern, especially in BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), where demographic and socio-economic changes have amplified their impact. This study evaluates trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with neurological diseases in these countries from 1990 to 2021, focusing on sex disparities and key risk factors.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Join point regression and Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) analyses were used to assess trends in neurological disease burden. Age-standardized rates for incidence, prevalence, and mortality were calculated, along with DALYs, and key risk factors were analyzed.

Results

China showed the largest increase in incidence (7541.89 to 8031.37 per 100,000) and prevalence (26494.85 to 28534.79 per 100,000). Mortality increased in India (21.01 to 24.27 per 100,000) and South Africa (27.66 to 30.65 per 100,000), while China showed a decline (39.59 to 37.30 per 100,000). Brazil experienced a substantial rise in DALYs (1610.65 to 42024.59). Sex disparities showed higher DALY rates for females across all nations.

Conclusion

The research highlights the rising burden of neurological disorders in BRICS nations, especially in China and Brazil due to aging populations and metabolic risks. It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions in India and South Africa, where increasing mortality rates and DALYs are concerning. Effective health policies should focus on early detection, managing metabolic risks, and implementing sex-specific strategies to address these issues.
Transcorneal electrical stimulation restores DNA methylation changes in retinal degeneration
Authors: Tew Ben Yi , Gooden Gerald C. , Lo Pei-An , Pollalis Dimitrios , Ebright Brandon , Kalfa Alex J. , Gonzalez-Calle Alejandra , Thomas Biju , Buckley David N. , Simon Thomas , Yang Zeyi , Iseri Ege , Dunton Cody L. , Backman Vadim , Louie Stan , Lazzi Gianluca , Humayun Mark S. , Salhia Bodour
Published: December 2024

Background

Retinal degeneration is a major cause of irreversible blindness. Stimulation with controlled low-level electrical fields, such as transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES), has recently been postulated as a therapeutic strategy. With promising results, there is a need for detailed molecular characterization of the therapeutic effects of TES.

Methods

Controlled, non-invasive TES was delivered using a custom contact lens electrode to the retinas of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats, a model of retinal degeneration. DNA methylation in the retina, brain and cell-free DNA in plasma was assessed by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and gene expression by RNA sequencing.

Results

TES induced DNA methylation and gene expression changes implicated in neuroprotection in the retina of RCS rats. We devised an epigenomic-based retinal health score, derived from DNA methylation changes observed with disease progression in RCS rats, and showed that TES improved the epigenomic health of the retina. TES also induced DNA methylation changes in the superior colliculus: the brain which is involved in integrating visual signaling. Lastly, we demonstrated that TES-induced retinal DNA methylation changes were detectable in cell-free DNA derived from plasma.

Conclusion

TES induced DNA methylation changes with therapeutic effects, which can be measured in circulation. Based on these changes, we were able to devise a liquid biopsy biomarker for retinal health. These findings shed light on the therapeutic potential and molecular underpinnings of TES, and provide a foundation for the further development of TES to improve the retinal health of patients with degenerative eye diseases.
Autophagy and nutrigenomics: a winning team against chronic disease and tumors
Authors: Chiarelli Roberto , Caradonna Fabio , Naselli Flores
Published: December 2024

Autophagy, a vital cell process, has garnered attention for its role in various diseases and potential therapeutic interventions. Dysregulation of autophagy contributes to conditions such as metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. In diseases such as diabetes, autophagy plays a crucial role in islet β-cell maintenance and glucose homeostasis, offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Nutrigenomics, which explores how dietary components interact with the genome, has emerged as a promising avenue for disease management. It sheds light on how diet influences gene expression and cellular processes, offering personalized approaches to disease prevention and management. Studies have showed the impact of specific dietary components, such as polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids, on autophagy processes, suggesting their potential therapeutic benefits in neurodegenerative conditions and metabolic disorders. In cancer, autophagy’s dual role in either suppressing tumorigenesis or promoting cancer cell survival underscores the importance of understanding its modulation through dietary interventions. Combined with conventional chemotherapy drugs, dietary compounds show synergistic effects in cancer treatment. Furthermore, phytochemicals such as indicaxanthin have been found to epigenetically regulate genes involved in autophagy, offering novel insights into personalized cancer therapies. This comprehensive review has the aim to study the autophagy in a combined view with nutrigenomics effects of some dietary molecules in maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to pathological stimuli. Overall, the intersection of autophagy and nutrigenomics effect of bioactive compounds holds promise for developing targeted interventions for various diseases, emphasizing the significance of dietary interventions in disease prevention and management.
Validation of GLIM criteria for hospital malnutrition diagnosis by comparison of three different anthropometric approaches to evaluate reduced muscle mass: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Jazinaki Mostafa Shahraki , Safarian Mohammad , Arabi Seyyed Mostafa , Jamali Jamshid , Norouzy Abdolreza
Published: December 2024

Background and aim

The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) recently proposed a new malnutrition diagnostic tool known as the GLIM criteria. The GLIM criteria need confirmed validation before being widely used in each population or healthcare system. This study aimed to investigate the validation of the GLIM criteria for malnutrition diagnosis in hospitalized patients.

Methods

The content validity was assessed by calculating the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). Subjective global assessment (SGA) is considered the reference tool to diagnose malnutrition in concurrent validation. In addition, the Kuder–Richardson 20 was used to evaluate the reliability of the GLIM criteria. Furthermore, hospital mortality, length of hospitalization (LOS), prolonged hospital stays (LOS >6 days), 30-day hospital readmission, and 30- and 60-day mortality were identified as malnutrition-related outcomes in predictive validity.

Results

A total of 332 adult/elderly hospitalized patients (median age: 58 (IQR: 24.7), 60.5% men) were enrolled to present the study. Appling GLIM criteria by considering the calf circumference < 31 cm in both genders or mid-upper arm (MUAC) < 23 cm in men and MUAC <22 cm in women as reduced muscle mass had an appropriate accuracy (84.6 and 83.4%, respectively), good ability to distinguish malnourished patients (AUC ROC: 0.85 and 0.83, respectively), satisfactory sensitivity (89.58 and 84.02%, respectively), and satisfactory specificity (81 and 83%, respectively) compared to the SGA tool. Furthermore, the reliability of the GLIM criteria for malnutrition diagnosis in hospitalized patients was acceptable in all 3 applied approaches (KR-20 > 0.5). The malnutrition diagnosed by GLIM criteria could significantly predict the odds of prolonged hospital stays, 30-day hospital readmission, and 60-day mortality, while it had no significant association with the risk of hospital mortality.

Conclusion

The current study revealed that applying GLIM criteria had satisfactory validity in diagnosing hospital malnutrition in non-critically ill hospitalized patients.
Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from eel (Anguilla japonica) bone collagen: preparation, identification, molecular docking, and protective function on HUVECs
Authors: Xiang Huan , Huang Hui , Shao Yanqiu , Hao Shuxian , Li Laihao , Wei Ya , Chen Shengjun , Zhao Yongqiang
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Hypertension is a chronic cardiovascular disease, which can trigger some disease such as heart failure, loss of vision or kidney. There were various peptides derived from food that are recognized for their ability to inhibit ACE activity, potentially leading to a reduction in blood pressure levels in vivo. The primary objective of this research is to discover ACE inhibitory peptides from protein hydrolysates of eel bone collagen (EBCHs).

Methods

To begin, EBCHs were created and then divided through the process of ultrafiltration. The second step involved screening of peptides capable of inhibiting ACE by combining peptidomics and molecular docking. And the mechanism by which ACE interacts with peptides has been studied. Finally, the hypotensive mechanism of identified peptide through cell experiments with HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells).

Results

Eel (Anguilla japonica) bone collagen was hydrolyzed by alcalase and the hydrolysate was separated into three fractions, among which the F2 displayed a higher level of ACE inhibitory activity. According to molecular docking calculations, a total of 615 peptides were identified through nano-HPLC-MS/MS, with the prediction of seven newly discovered ACE inhibitory peptides (PMGPR, GPMGPR, GPAGPR, GPPGPPGL, GGPGPSGPR, GPIGPPGPR, GPSGAPGPR). Notably, GPPGPPGL had the lowest IC50 value of 535.84 μM among the identified peptides, indicating its potency as an ACE inhibitor. The ACE S2 pocket formed hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions with GPPGPPGL. Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed that GPPGPPGL competitively bound to ACE’s active site residues. Treatment with GPPGPPGL significantly increased nitric oxide secretion (p < 0.01) and decreased endothelin-1 (ET-1) production in HUVECs.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that combining peptidomics with molecular docking is effective for rapidly screening ACE inhibitory peptides. Future studies should assess the bioavailability and in vivo activity of the identified peptide GPPGPPGL from EBCHs.
Prognostic value of the HALP score in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: an analysis combined with time to castration resistance
Authors: Gökmen İvo , Demir Nazan , Peker Pınar , Özcan Erkan , Akgül Fahri , Bayrakçı İsmail , Divriklioğlu Didem , Erdoğan Bülent , Topaloğlu Sernaz , Hacıoğlu Muhammet Bekir
Published: December 2024

Objective

The aim of our study was to assess the impact of the combination of HALP score with TTCR score on OS and PFS in PC patients who developed castration resistance.

Patients and methods

The study enrolled 152 patients with metastatic disease who had received either ARTAs or docetaxel as first-line treatment. The median cut-off was 30.83 months for the HALP score and 16.1 months for TTCR determined by ROC analysis. Based on these cut-off values, patients were categorized into low-high HALP score and TTCR <16.1 months-TTCR ≥16.1 months groups. The combination of HALP score and TTCR was then stratified by risk into three new groups: Factor 0, Factor 1, and Factor 2.

Results

PFS was significantly shorter in the TTCR <16.1 months group compared to the TTCR ≥16.1 months group, as well as in the low-HALP score group compared to the high-HALP score group. Furthermore, as the number of factors increased, a significant increase in OS and PFS was observed in the groups formed by the combination of HALP score and TTCR.

Conclusion

We have validated the predictive capability of combining low HALP score (<30.38) and short TTCR (<16.1 months) parameters in estimating the OS and PFS durations of mCRPC patients, both recognized as unfavorable prognostic indicators.
Research progress on fermentation-produced plant-derived bioactive peptides
Authors: Zhao Lili , Liu Xinhua , Wang Shuping , Yin Zhicheng , An Tianyue , Zhang Jiayu , Liu Ying
Published: December 2024

With the advancement of biotechnology and the human pursuit of a healthy lifestyle, investigations on bioactive peptides (BAPs) have received increasing attention. Compared to proteins, BAPs have lower molecular weights and are more easily digested and absorbed by the human body, exhibiting various physiological functions. For instance, they can inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme, lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, and possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties. BAPs are major functional food ingredients primarily derived from animals and plants. The latter are particularly favored due to their wide availability, low cost, and diverse bioactivities. In recent years, the research on plant-derived BAPs produced by microbial fermentation has progressed phenomenally. Consequently, this study provides a systematic overview and offers insights into the prospects of fermentation-synthesized plant-derived BAPs, aiming to provide a reference for their subsequent development and utilization.
Integrated bioinformatics and interaction analysis to advance chronotherapies for mental disorders
Authors: Bhatnagar Apoorva , Raj Gupta , Das Sandip , Kannihali Arpita , Rajakumara Eerappa , Murray Greg , Ray Sandipan
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Robust connections have been identified between the pathophysiology of mental disorders and the functioning of the circadian system. The overarching objective of this study was to investigate the potential for circadian rhythms to be leveraged for therapeutics in mental disorders.

Methods

We considered two approaches to chronotherapy–optimal timing of existing medications (“clocking the drugs”) and redressing circadian abnormalities with small molecules (“drugging the clock”). We assessed whether circadian rhythm-modulating compounds can interact with the prominent drug targets of mental disorders utilizing computational tools like molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analysis.

Results

Firstly, an analysis of transcript-level rhythmic patterns in recognized drug targets for mental disorders found that 24-hour rhythmic patterns were measurable in 54.4% of targets in mice and 35.2% in humans. We also identified several drug receptors exhibiting 24-hour rhythmicity involved in critical physiological pathways for neural signaling and communication, such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, and dopaminergic and cholinergic synapses. These findings advocate that further research into the timing of drug administration in mental disorders is urgently required. We observed that many pharmacological modulators of mammalian circadian rhythms, including KL001, SR8278, SR9009, Nobiletin, and MLN4924, exhibit stable binding with psychotropic drug targets.

Discussion

These findings suggest that circadian clock-modulating pharmacologically active small molecules could be investigated further for repurposing in the treatment of mood disorders. In summary, the present analyses indicate the potential of chronotherapeutic approaches to mental disorder pharmacotherapy and specify the need for future circadian rhythm-oriented clinical research.
Yinzhihuang injection as adjuvant treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Li Junqiang , Zhang Liyu , Chen Zhongguo , Qin Min
Published: December 2024

Background

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH) is a common phenomenon for neonate inpatients, and Yinzhihuang (YZH) injection is a well-known Chinese herbal formula for the treatment of NH. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of YZH injection on NH.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed in four Chinese databases [China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM), China Science Journal Database (VIP), and Wan Fang ] and four English language databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase and the Cochrane Library) from inception to 16 April 2024. Randomized controlled trials on YZH injection for NH were collected. Review Manager 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis and bias risk assessment.

Result

Twenty-two trials involving 2,714 neonates were included. Significant differences were detected between YZH injection group and control group for total effective rate (RR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.11 to 1.20, p < 0.00001), serum bilirubin level (the third day, MD = −36.80, 95%CI: −52.07 to −21.53; the fifth day, MD = −4.18, 95%CI: −7.50 to −0.86, p < 0.00001), and time to jaundice resolution (MD = −2.46, 95%CI -2.81 to −2.10, p < 0.00001). Adverse effects of YZH injection were described in four trials, with an incidence of 8.60%.

Conclusion

The use of YZH injection as an adjuvant to NH appears to be safe and may offer superior benefits compared to routine treatment alone for NH. However, these potential benefits require confirmation in future trials employing rigorous methodology. The current evidence is not enough to recommend YZH injection as a routine treatment for NH.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/), identifier, CRD42024556811.
A putative gene-for-gene relationship between the Erwinia amylovora effector gene eop1 and the FB_Mar12 resistance locus of Malus ×arnoldiana accession MAL0004
Authors: Emeriewen Ofere Francis , Zetzsche Holger , Wöhner Thomas Wolfgang , Flachowsky Henryk , Peil Andreas
Published: December 2024

The bacterial pathogen Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight on rosaceous plants,
including apples and their wild relatives. The pathogen uses the type III secretion pathogenicity island to inject effector proteins, such as Eop1, into host plants, leading to disease phenotypes in susceptible genotypes. In contrast, resistant genotypes exhibit quantitative resistance associated with genomic regions and/or R-gene-mediated qualitative resistance to withstand the pathogen. In Malus, strong resistance is observed in some wild species accessions, for example, in Malus xarnoldiana accession MAL0004. The resistance locus FB_Mar12, previously identified on linkage group 12 (LG12) of MAL0004, is one of two gene loci in Malus proven to withstand highly virulent North American strains of E. amylovora. This suggests the influence of a major gene, with a few candidate genes proposed within the FB_Mar12 region. In this report, we provide evidence that this gene locus is completely broken down by a mutant strain of the E. amylovora effector protein Eop1 (Δeop1) following artificial shoot inoculations of an ‘Idared’ × MAL0004 F1 progeny set, indicating a gene-for-gene interaction. Interestingly, Δeop1 does not overcome the resistance of the FB_Mar12 donor MAL0004 itself, but only the QTL on LG12, an indication that other resistance factors, possibly QTLs/genes are contributing to the fire blight resistance of MAL0004.
The potential of melatonin and its crosstalk with other hormones in the fight against stress
Authors: Xu Lina , Zhu Yafei , Wang Yakun , Zhang Luyan , Li Lijie , Looi Ley Juen , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: December 2024

Climate change not only leads to high temperatures, droughts, floods, storms and declining soil quality, but it also affects the spread and mutation of pests and diseases, which directly influences plant growth and constitutes a new challenge to food security. Numerous hormones like auxin, ethylene and melatonin, regulate plant growth and development as well as their resistance to environmental stresses. To mitigate the impact of diverse biotic and abiotic stressors on crops, single or multiple phytohormones in combination have been applied. Melatonin is a multifunctional signaling molecule engaged in the development and stress response of plants. In the current review, we discuss the synthesis and action of melatonin, as well as its utilization for plant resistance to different stresses from the perspective of practical application. Simultaneously, we elucidate the regulatory effects and complex mechanisms of melatonin and other plant hormones on the growth of plants, explore the practical applications of melatonin in combination with other phytohormones in crops. This will aid in the planning of management strategies to protect plants from damage caused by environmental stress.
Intergenerational support, activities of daily living, and the interaction on psychological distress in older adults
Authors: Zheng Juan , Xu Jianqiang , Wu Yuhang , Xu Shuo , Gao Yang
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of intergenerational support and activities of daily living (ADL) on psychological distress in older adults, and to analyse the effects of the interaction between ADL and intergenerational support on psychological distress in older adults.

Methods

A probability sample of 1,065 older adults aged 60 and above was conducted in Xuzhou, China, from 18 June to 26 August 2023. ADL was assessed using the ADL scale combined with the Barthel Index; Intergenerational support was measured using the Intergenerational Support Scale; and psychological distress was measured using the Kessler 10 scale. An ordered multichotomous logistic regression model was constructed to analyse the factors influencing psychological distress in the elderly. The interaction model was constructed by one-way analysis of variance to further analyse the effect of the interaction between financial support, instrumental support and emotional support and ADL on psychological distress in the elderly.

Results

Elderly living in rural areas, with an annual household income of less than 30,000 yuan, who engaged in manual labor before retirement, who did not receive financial support and who received instrumental support were more likely to experience psychological distress, and the higher the degree of restriction in ADL, the higher the risk of psychological distress. A significant interaction was observed between ADL and financial support (F = 221.570, p < 0.05), as well as between ADL and emotional support (F = 399.805, p < 0.01). Additionally, a significant interaction was found among ADL, financial support, and instrumental support (F = 227.187, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

(1) A significant association between place of residence, annual household income, occupation, financial support, instrumental support, ADL, and psychological distress in older adults; (2) When the level of ADL was moderate, the risk of psychological distress in older adults who received emotional support was significantly lower than that of older people who did not receive emotional intergenerational support; When the level of ADL was completely independent, financial support was beneficial in reducing psychological distress in the elderly; (3) the risk of psychological distress in the elderly who received instrumental support increased with the severity of ADL limitations, regardless of whether they received additional financial support.
The development of the Compassion Satisfaction and Compassion Fatigue scale
Authors: Halamová Júlia , Kanovský Martin , Krizova Katarina , Šoková Bronislava , Baránková Martina , Figley Charles
Published: December 2024

Background

There is a high probability of compassion fatigue occurring in helping professionals who work with traumatized clients or patients. Several instruments exist for measuring compassion fatigue, but all of them have methodological flaws. The original Compassion Satisfaction/Fatigue Self-Test for Helpers is time-consuming and its psychometric properties, including factor structure, have not been supported in the research.

Methods

Therefore, the goal of this study was to apply a Mokken scale analysis for polytomous items to shorten the Compassion Satisfaction/Fatigue Self-Test for Helpers and improve its psychometric properties. In addition, we wanted to create norms for the helping professional population. The research sample consisted of 2,320 participants from various helping professions.

Results

To improve scalability, most of the scale items were removed. The resulting item scalability coefficients ranged from 0.349 to 0.655 and Molenaar–Sijtsma reliability coefficient ranged between 0.75 and 0.87. The final revised and shortened Compassion Satisfaction and Compassion Fatigue scale (CSCFS) consisted of 5 items for the Compassion Satisfaction—Personal Integrity and Happiness subscale, 5 items for the Compassion Satisfaction—Work Competence and Happiness subscale, 9 items for the Compassion Fatigue—Secondary Traumatic Stress subscale, and 7 for the Compassion Fatigue—Burnout subscale. The newly revised subscales have good reliability coefficients.

Conclusion

The CSCFS appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue among helping professionals. More research is required to support its factor structure in a range of settings. We recommend testing usability across different helping professions and cultures.
Environmental predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence in Catalonia (northwestern Mediterranean)
Authors: Planella-Morató Jesús , Pelegrí Josep L. , Martín-Rey Marta , Olivé Abelló Anna , Vallès Xavier , Roca Josep , Rodrigo Carlos , Estrada Oriol , Vallès-Casanova Ignasi
Published: December 2024

Numerous studies have explored whether and how the spread of the SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), responds to environmental conditions without reaching consistent answers. Sociodemographic factors, such as variable population density and mobility, as well as the lack of effective epidemiological monitoring, make it difficult to establish robust correlations. Here we carry out a regional cross-correlation study between nine atmospheric variables and an infection index (Ic) estimated from standardized positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test cases. The correlations and associated time-lags are used to build a linear multiple-regression model between weather conditions and the Ic index. Our results show that surface pressure and relative humidity can largely predict COVID-19 outbreaks during periods of relatively minor mobility and meeting restrictions. The occurrence of low-pressure systems, associated with the autumn onset, leads to weather and behavioral changes that intensify the virus transmission. These findings suggest that surface pressure and relative humidity are key environmental factors that may be used to forecast the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Microbial and chemical stability of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) roe during refrigerated storage in acid-salt brines with or without antioxidants
Authors: Jensen Hanne Aarslev , Plaza Laura Garcia , Houmann Rannvá Høgnadóttir , Andreasen Pernille Bak , Bøknæs Niels , Kragh Martin Laage , Hansen Lisbeth Truelstrup , Mejlholm Ole , Jacobsen Charlotte , Dalgaard Paw , Sørensen Ann-Dorit Moltke
Published: December 2024

Immediately after the harvest of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) roe in artic regions, a common practice is to preserve the fresh roe in brine to produce a salted intermediate product (SIP), which can be transported and stored refrigerated for up to 1 year prior to retail processing. Because the roe is susceptible to microbial growth and lipid oxidation, the brines have been composed of mixes of salt (>10%) and benzoic acid to manage the quality and safety of the SIP. However, a demand for reducing the use of salt and benzoic acid is appearing on the European market. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of five different brines comprised of combinations of salt, organic acids, and antioxidants on controlling microbial and chemical changes of the SIP, to be able to avoid the use of benzoic acid and reduce the salt content. Freshly harvested roe was mixed with brines to obtain 7 or 10% (w/w) NaCl and combinations of acetic, benzoic and/or lactic acids with or without addition of VivOx 7.5 (IFF Inc.) or Herbalox D-450 (Kalsec Inc.) as antioxidants. Brined roes were stored refrigerated (1.94°C ± 0.56°C) with sampling after 50, 80, 120, 210, 288 and 353 days. Regardless of the treatment applied, aerobic viable counts increased to >6.1 log CFU/g after 120 days of storage and the microbiota in all treatments became dominated by Debaromyces hansenii as identified using MALDI-TOF and metagenome sequencing. The addition of antioxidants reduced the formation of lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Both Herbalox and VivOx reduced the formation of 1-penten-3-ol, whereas VivOx increased the formation of pentanal in the roe. Concentrations of 2-methyl-butanol and 3-methyl-butanol were markedly reduced by treatments that included benzoic acid, which may be related to differences in the activity of the microbiota. Herbalox was more efficient than VivOx in reducing oxidative changes whereas the effect of organic acids on oxidative alterations remained inconclusive. In conclusion, it was possible to reduce the salt content and avoid the use of benzoic acid without affecting the microbial and oxidative stability of the SIP as well as its safety.