bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redefining Transformation Drivers in SMEs toward Business Performance with Covid-19 Situation in Indonesia
Authors: Primadana Ligasyah Arnanda , Ramdani Muhammad Abdilah , Sahara Shifa Hustima , Aprianingsih Atik
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to understand transformation drives using past research as the basis of argument on every variable with business performance as the measurement standard. The research using deep searching of journal databases, the output is conducting a conceptual framework. The transformation drivers in our conceptual framework have six factors namely organization, technology, consumer behavior, financial, external support, and network with the measure of success of that transformation drives using business performance. The result is that the past research supports all the purposes of points in the variable that can positively contribute to business performance.
Keterkaitan Citra Merek, Harga dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Tinjauan Sistematis Literature Review
Authors: Sander Dapit Alex , Chan Arianis , Muhyi Herwan Abdul
Published: January 2022

Much research on purchasing decisions refers to price, product quality and brand image. This study aims to complement previous research. Research that has explored the relationship of brand image, price and product quality to purchasing decisions. The purpose of this study was to determine the operationalization of the influence of brand image, price, and product quality. This study will describe the interrelationships between variables in purchasing decisions in the context of marketing science. This study uses a systematic review process, namely an in-depth literature review of the results of 23 articles based on certain keywords and limitations. Based on the review produced a model that describes the influence of brand image, price and product quality on purchasing decisions. It is expected to be a reference and adoption of an approach to marketing activities. Future research is suggested to have more than one database and use more sources of research articles published over 10-20 years. It is hoped that future research with broad observations and results on how science continues to develop.
Metodología para la capacitación docente en herramientas tecnológicas como mediación en el tránsito de lo presencial a lo remoto
Authors: Garay Garay Fredy Ramón , Sierra Bonilla Yenny Paola , Melo Casas Angie Rocío , Morales García John Fredy
Published: January 2022

El presente capítulo se enfoca en el diseño y validación de una metodología de capacitación de profesores para el uso de herramientas tecnológicas que les permitieran continuar con su quehacer profesional durante el periodo de pandemia. Para ello, se presenta y socializa el proceso tanto de construcción como de ejecución y retroalimentación de la metodología usada por el Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Universidad Católica de Colombia, no solo a manera de divulgación, sino también como forma de validar esta buena práctica y con el fin de que pueda ser usada en otros contextos de formación de profesores. Uno de los resultados que se destaca en el presente texto respecto a la implementación de la metodología de capacitación está directamente relacionado con la articulación de espacios interculturales en las sesiones de clase remotas mediadas por las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), pues tanto ingenieros como economistas en formación tuvieron la oportunidad de intercambiar experiencias con pares de países como Argentina y México, con lo cual es posible reconocer también los valores agregados de la metodología propuesta.
La evaluación del desempeño en el contexto de clases remotas
Authors: Arenas Torres Fredy Yesid , Balaguera Ascencio Edgar , Coral Campaña Jairo Andrés , Herrera García Luis Orlando , Martínez Saavedra José Hermes , Montalvo Castro Alberto , Serrano León Yeimmy Katherine
Published: January 2022

El presente capítulo se reflexiona respecto al desempeño de los estudiantes en los diferentes espacios académicos administrados por los Departamentos de Ciencias Básicas en la Universidad Santo Tomás, sede Bogotá, y la Universitaria Agustiniana, considerando la observación en tres periodos diferentes: un semestre prepandemia (2019-2), un semestre de transición (2020-1), y un semestre en medio de la pandemia (2020-2).
Panorama general de las clases remotas mediadas por tecnología
Authors: Montalvo Castro Alberto , Serrano León Yeimmy Katherine
Published: January 2022

Este capítulo tuvo como objetivo identificar algunas maneras de ver las clases mediadas por las tecnologías de la información, esto desde organizaciones del orden internacional que orientan condiciones políticas, personales, a nivel internacional y nacionales, para arribar a la perspectiva de los estudiantes tras el inesperado y obligado cambio de enseñanza, ahora mediada por las TIC.
The temporal and spatial scales of arable land loss and its impact in Guangxi, China: A Commentary
Authors: Feng Haiying , Squires Victor
Published: January 2022

Cropland abandonment because of rural depopulation or policy interventions has become a key issue in Chinese mountainous areas. One such region is the Guangxi Karst Mountainous Area (GKMA), a zone where more than 59% of total land area is hilly and arable land of a commercially viable size is almost non-existent. The rugged terrain and land fragmentation in upland karst areas result in the scarcity of land suitable for cultivation. Although depopulation and declining agriculture since 2000 within the GKMA have led to vast areas of abandoned cropland, the spatiotemporal distribution that underlies this pattern as well as its causes remain little understood.

Geomorphic features also bring about differences in the distribution of settlements. Settlements with different degrees of distribution are accompanied by spatial differences in cultivated land resources, which lead to differences in the sufficiency of cultivated land resources. In this paper we provide an overview of the magnitude of the problem of arable land loss.

settlements and analyze the spatial distribution and the spatial agglomeration of the cultivated land.
A New General Equilibrium Welfare Measure, with Application to Labor Income Taxes
Authors: Mansoorian Arman , Michelis Leo , Angyridis Constantine
Published: January 2022

In this paper we extend the Hicksian compensating variation welfare measure in two directions. First, we adjust the size of the compensating variation in order to account for the fact that the compensating transfers will result in changes in output, as well as in prices, because labor and, in dynamic models, capital will adjust in response to these transfers. Second, we extend the measure to a dynamic setting with possibly time non-separable preferences. We find that these considerations become more significant for the welfare cost of higher labor income taxes as one moves from static to dynamic models, to models with time non-separable preferences, and finally to models with uncertainty.
Solving system of linear equations via bicomplex valued metric space
Authors: Gnanaprakasam Arul Joseph , Boulaaras Salah Mahmoud , Mani Gunaseelan , Cherif Bahri , Idris Sahar Ahmed
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we prove some common fixed point theorems on bicomplex metric space. Our results generalize and expand some of the literature’s well-known results. We also explore some of the applications of our key results.
Living Between: Exploring a Framework of Spirituality for Teachers and Students in Catholic Schools
Authors: Madden Rina
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a focus on human experience as the locus of identity construction and meaning making and presents a dialogical framework of Christian spirituality as a heuristic for teacher professional learning in religious education in Australian Catholic schools. Firstly the paper explores spirituality as a growing area of interest for young people today and its relation to identity formation for teachers and students in Australian Catholic schools. Secondly it presents a relatable theological framework of spirituality as an opening to transformative dialogue and self-reflection. Finally it describes the four paradigms of spirituality of the framework and the curriculum possibilities they raise.
Discovery of Kerivoula kachinensis and a validity of K. titania (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in China
Authors: Yu Wenhua , Lin Chuyan , Huang Zhenglanyi , Liu Shuo , Wang Qiaoyan , Quan Ruichang , Li Song , Wu Yi
Published: January 2022

In April 2019, 15 (10♂, 5♀) Kerivoula bats were collected by harp traps from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. External and craniodental examination, multivariate statistical analyses and molecular phylogenetic inference (CoI, Cytb and Rag2 gene markers) indicated they are Kerivoula kachinensis and Kerivoula titania, respectively. Former represents a new chiropteran record from China, while the latter is a valid occurrence of K. titania in this region because recent study indicate a misidentification of “K. titania” in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan, China. All specimens are presently preserved at Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China in Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. Nowadays, four woolly bats occur in China including, Kerivoula furva, K. kachinensis, Kerivoula picta and K. titania, whilst there is a risk of underestimation the actual species diversity in China region when comparing those of neighboring region such as Vietnam. Supports for field survey need to be continued in future.
Tradition in Transition: Technology and Change in Archaeological Visualisation Practice
Authors: Opgenhaffen Loes
Published: January 2022

Archaeologists are the mediators between fragmented, and often contested, pasts and the momentary present. To record, organise, interpret, and reconstruct complex narratives of the past and to communicate these to present-day peers and the public, they use a wide range of visualisation methods. As such, visualisation methods form an intrinsic part of the representation of practical and intellectual findings, being crucial to knowledge production in archaeology. The adoption and adaptation of digital visualisation technology changes the way archaeologists shape new knowledge. However, for a discipline that is particularly concerned with how technology had an effect on past societies, for example, the impact of the potter’s wheel on local ceramic production strategies, archaeologists have a remarkably limited awareness of how current (digital) technology has an impact on their own visualisation practice and the subsequent knowledge production. This study presents the conceptual framework “tradition in transition,” which integrates technological and visualisation methodologies, and aims to provide a framework to analyse the underlying processes and mechanisms that shape and change the practice of creating visualisations.
Recent development of imidazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Goel Nidhi
Published: January 2022

Cancer, one of the key health problems globally, is a group of related diseases that share a number of characteristics primarily the uncontrolled growth and invasive to surrounding tissues. Chemotherapy is one of the ways for the treatment of cancer which uses one or more anticancer agents as per chemotherapy regimen. Limitations of most anticancer drugs due to a variety of reasons such as serious side effects, drug resistance, lack of sensitivity and efficacy etc. generate the necessity towards the designing of novel anticancer lead molecules. In this regard, the synthesis of biologically active heterocyclic molecules is an appealing research area. Among heterocyclic compounds, nitrogen containing heterocyclic molecules has fascinated tremendous consideration due to broad range of pharmaceutical activity. Imidazoles, extensively present in natural products as well as synthetic molecules, have two nitrogen atoms, and are five membered heterocyclic rings. Because of their countless physiological and pharmacological characteristics, medicinal chemists are enthused to design and synthesize new imidazole derivatives with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. The aim of this present chapter is to discuss the synthesis, chemistry, pharmacological activity, and scope of imidazole-based molecules in anticancer drug development. Finally, we have discussed the current challenges and future perspectives of imidazole-based derivatives in anticancer drug development.
Synthesis, crystal-structure refinement and properties of bastnaesite-type PrF[CO3], SmF[CO3] and EuF[CO3]
Authors: Buyer Constantin , Schumacher Samira A. , Schleid Thomas
Published: January 2022

By adding a hot aqueous solution containing KF and K2[CO3] to another hot aquatic brine of Pr[NO3]3 ⋅ 5 H2O, Sm[NO3]3 ⋅ 5 H2O or Eu[NO3]3 ⋅ 5 H2O with a 1.3 times excess of the anion-providing solution, amorphous water-insoluble powders of PrF[CO3], SmF[CO3] and EuF[CO3] can be obtained. Through hydrothermal treatment at 210 °C for five days crystalline powders could be synthesized and their crystal structure was refined with Rietveld methods based on PXRD data. The named compounds crystallize in the bastnaesite-type structure with a = 710.912(12) pm, c = 976.811(6) pm for the praseodymium, a = 704.77(2) pm, c = 971.83(4) pm for the samarium and a = 700.734(6) pm, c = 969.066(8) pm for the europium compound, all hexagonal with Z = 6. Upon heating them, the compounds lose CO2 and fluoride oxides REFO emerge. Thermogravimetric experiments with crystalline samples show thermal stability up to 420 °C for PrF[CO3], 400 °C for SmF[CO3] and 340 °C for EuF[CO3], but decomposition below 200 °C for the amorphous ones. Infrared spectroscopy confirms only marginal portions of [OH]− instead of F− anions in all cases. The RE
3+ cations are coordinated by 9 + 2 anions at distances between 236 and 254 pm plus 326 pm to F− anions and oxygen atoms bonded to carbon as oxocarbonate anions [CO3]2−. Triggered by ultraviolet radiation, the bulk sample of EuF[CO3] shows a poor red luminescence.
Effects of Resistance Training Cessation on Cycling Performance in Well-Trained Cyclists: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Bláfoss Rúni , Rikardo Jonas , Andersen Asger Ø. , Hvid Lars G. , Andersen Lars L. , Jensen Kurt , Christensen Peter M. , Kvorning Thue , Aagaard Per
Published: January 2022

Bláfoss, R, Rikardo, J, Andersen, AØ, Hvid, LG, Andersen, LL, Jensen, K, Christensen, PM, Kvorning, T, and Aagaard, P. Effects of resistance training cessation on cycling performance in well-trained cyclists: an exploratory study. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 796–804, 2022—Supplementary (i.e., concurrent) resistance training can enhance cycling performance among competitive cyclists. However, a lack of knowledge exists about the retention (decay profile) in mechanical muscle function and cycling performance after concurrent resistance and endurance training. The present exploratory intervention study investigated the effect of 6 weeks of resistance training cessation when preceded by 8 weeks of concurrent resistance and endurance training on mechanical muscle function and cycling performance in 9 male well-trained competitive cyclists (V̇o
2max = 66 ± 7 ml·min−1·kg−1). Cyclists performed periodized resistance training targeting leg and core muscles for 8 weeks as a supplement to their normal endurance (cycling) training. This was followed by 6 weeks of endurance training only (retention period) leading up to the start of the competitive season. Maximal leg extensor power, isometric leg extensor strength (maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]), rate of force development (RFD), and long-term cycling performance (2-hour submaximal cycling at 55% of Wmax), followed by 5-minute max cycling were evaluated. After 8 weeks of concurrent resistance and endurance training, leg extensor power, MVC, and RFD increased by 12, 15, and 17%, respectively while mean power output (W) during 5-minute max cycling increased by 7% (p < 0.05). Training-induced gains in MVC and 5-minute max cycling power were retained after 6-week cessation of resistance training (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that competitive cyclists can focus on cycling training alone for at least 6 weeks leading up to competition without losing attained gains in maximal muscle strength and cycling performance achieved by preceding periods of concurrent resistance training.
A Survey Into the Use of Priming Techniques Implemented by Athletes and Coaches to Improve Athletic Performance
Authors: Collins James , Bishop Chris , Hills Frank , Spiegelhalter Abbie , Cohen Rhonda , Turner Anthony
Published: January 2022

Collins, J, Bishop, C, Hills, F, Spiegelhalter, A, Cohen, R, and Turner, A. A survey into the use of priming techniques implemented by athletes and coaches to improve athletic performance. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 107–113, 2023—This study aimed to examine the frequency and modes of psychological priming techniques and strategies being implemented by athletes of a variety of performance levels. A 15-question, anonymous questionnaire was developed and shared via social media sites. The survey implemented a quantitative method approach to collect background information (e.g., demographics, competition, and training history), the prevalence of priming, and the methods used. Ninety subjects met the inclusion criteria (71 men, 18 women, and 1 subject did not identify their sex), with a median age of 28 ± 7.47 years (range, 24–33 years) and training experience of 11 ± 7.57 years (range, 8–18 years). Self-selected participation level accounted for 11 professional, 17 semiprofessional, and 54 amateur-level athletes. Priming strategies were implemented by 79% of subjects without the use of a coach, 10% used strategies with their coach, and 11% did not prime. For athletes, music was the preferred choice (27%), followed by instructional self-talk (24%), motivational self-talk (23%), applied physical actions (20%), and watching videos clips (6.3%). Coaches preferred motivational statements with 55% implementing this technique, followed by 27% using inspiring team talks, and only 18% playing music. Of those who implemented a priming strategy, 66% found them to be either “very” or “extremely” effective,” With 38% of subjects feeling that priming accomplished this through increased motivation, 22% felt that it reduced their fear and anxiety, 21% thought that it improved their intensity, 15% felt that it increased strength and power, and 2% felt that it improved endurance. The chi-square test also found a significant (φc = 0.27; p = 0.011) relationship with the use of priming to increase motivation. These results demonstrate that priming strategies are being used irrespective of coach intervention; therefore, educating coaches and athletes on the implementation of priming techniques has its place when aiming to improve athlete performance.
Pursuing European Strategic Autonomy: Up-to-date Results
Authors:   MGIMO University, Melnikova Julia
Published: January 2022

2016–2020 witnessed significant structural changes in the foreign and security policy of the European Union. External factors encouraged the need to strengthen the EU strategic autonomy not only in the form of particular practical moves related to the establishment and development of new institutions, but also as part of an attempt to formulate a new common discourse. The article examines these processes through the security communities theory, traditionally applied to analyze transatlantic dynamics. This helps to both systemically address the recent changes and identify miscalculations and missing elements in framing the European security community. Since the 2020 PESCO Strategic Review to a certain extent summed up the initial phase of development of the central initiative of the whole process, the article analyzes the so far achieved results in setting up the new agenda for the EU and the prospects of translating it into joint practices. The main assumption posits that the key obstacle for enhancing strategic autonomy is the need to use a collective identity - both a tool for developing institutions and a goal of this process. As a result, neither a new collective identity, nor a functional network of institutions have been built, leaving the EU unprepared to bring the idea of strategic autonomy further.
Сurrent Trends in the Interaction Between the Black Sea Littoral States
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ayvazyan Diana
Published: January 2022

The paper deals with the сurrent peculiarities of the relations between the Black Sea littoral states (Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Georgia and Turkey) with the consideration of the coronavirus pandemic that to some extent has changed the ways of the external interaction. The author analyses the role of the Black Sea region in the political discourse of each littoral state and defines the trends of the economic and military-political interaction between the Black Sea states. It is shown that the pandemic has not led to the alleviation of the confrontation between the littoral states amidst the new common challenge. Neither has it stimulated them to reassess the current challenges and threats to maritime security. On the contrary, during the fight against the pandemic the conflicting nature of their interaction exacerbated under the conditions of the absence of the united strategic basis developed by the littoral states for their policy in the Black Sea region since the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The aspiration of Ukraine and Georgia to obtain military-political advantages in the Black Sea area prevailed with the support of the non-regional actors ‒ the United States, NATO and the EU.
EU TAX Strategy in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   National Research Mordovia State University, Koroleva Lyudmila
Published: January 2022

This article explores the EU's experience in finding tax revenues without compromising economic recovery. The EU's tax policy strategy envisages a stronger role for taxes in the development of a green, digital and inclusive Europe. It is recognized as fair to increase the tax burden on "polluters", digital and financial businesses, the largest corporations in the context of a single European economic space and fair tax competition of EU countries, excluding opportunities for tax base erosion. In 2021-2027 it is planned to increase the burden through the introduction of contributions on non-recycled plastic, border carbon adjustment mechanism, digital levy, financial transaction tax, revision of the CO2 emissions trading scheme. This could significantly complicate nonresident digital, financial and foreign economic activities in the EU, as well as the EU's international relations. The reform is controversial and requires revision, taking into account international agreements and the national interests of partner countries. The set of tactical measures involves updating the norms of legislation to meet the requirements of the digital economy, increasing trust and transparency in tax relations, convenience and simplicity of tax payments, and expanding cooperation between tax authorities of EU countries. The experience and prospects of the EU tax policy are significant for Russia both in terms of implementation of the best practices and in terms of timely response to possible dangers and threats related to the ongoing tax reforms in the EU.
Conceptualization of Restrictive Measures Policy in the Context of European Security Issues: New Approaches
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Abdullin Adel , Keshner Maria ,   Kazan Federal University
Published: January 2022

The changing international situation and growing external challenges have given a new impetus to the further development of the Foreign and Security Policy of the EU. Promoting European interests and values on the world stage and enhancing the EU's ability to act autonomously are among the significant directions of the new strategic agenda of the European Union for 2019‒2024. One of the important foreign policy instruments in the EU's arsenal are restrictive measures against states, individuals and organizations (in the broadest sense). The aim of the study is the processes of conceptualization of the European policy of the application of restrictive measures: the formation of the regulatory framework and the implementation mechanism, taking into account the modern realities of the international and European legal order, in combination with the accumulated doctrinal resources and elements of the progressive development of the law of international responsibility. It is noted that it is in the EU space that the doctrinal potential is being formed, catalyzing the process of diversifying the formats of normative regulation in the sphere of implementing international responsibility. As a result of the study, the authors test the hypothesis that the following substantive components of the noted conceptualization processes correspond to the tasks of “autonomization” of the EU foreign and security policy and “a stronger Europe in the world”: countermeasures of third states; jurisdictional countermeasures; shared responsibility.
UK–Zimbabwean Relations: the Past and the Present
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Karamaev Sergey
Published: January 2022

The author traces the stages of development of British–Zimbabwean relations over the past four decades. The work analyzes not only the history, but also the current state of relations between Great Britain and Zimbabwe and assesses the prospects for their development. The author set the task of showing how political cooperation between the former metropolis and its colony developed, the importance of the change of governments and the personality of the heads of state. A special attention is paid to the first president of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe, who ruled the country for 37 years. An attempt has been made to identify the causes of the crisis in bilateral relations and to assess the attempts to overcome and to move in a progressive development. In addition, the author considers the problem of how the context of the colonial past, economic development, the land issue and the internal policy of Zimbabwe influenced the official London’s position in relation to Harare. Zimbabwe is one of the key states in southeast Africa, traditionally viewed by the UK as a sphere of its interests. Using itsexample, certain conclusions can be drawn about London's foreign policy approach to African countries, as well as the contradictions which become obstacles to the relations’ normalization.
A Shared Transcriptional Identity for Forebrain and Dentate Gyrus Neural Stem Cells from Embryogenesis to Adulthood
Authors: Borrett Michael J. , Innes Brendan T. , Tahmasian Nareh , Bader Gary D. , Kaplan David R. , Miller Freda D.
Published: January 2022

Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in two distinct niches in the mammalian brain, the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the forebrain lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. They are thought to be molecularly distinct since V-SVZ NSCs produce inhibitory olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons and SGZ NSCs excitatory dentate granule neurons. Here, we have asked whether this is so by directly comparing V-SVZ and SGZ NSCs from embryogenesis to adulthood using single-cell transcriptional data. We show that the embryonic radial glial precursor (RP) parents of these two NSC populations are very similar, but differentially express a small cohort of genes involved in glutamatergic versus GABAergic neurogenesis. These different RPs then undergo a similar gradual transition to a dormant adult NSC state over the first three postnatal weeks. This dormancy state involves transcriptional shutdown of genes that maintain an active, proliferative, prodifferentiation state and induction of genes involved in sensing and regulating their niche environment. Moreover, when reactivated to generate adult-born progeny, both populations reacquire a development-like state and re-express proneurogenic genes. Thus, V-SVZ and SGZ NSCs share a common transcriptional state throughout their lifespans and transition into and out of dormancy via similar trajectories.
The Importance of Accounting for Movement When Relating Neuronal Activity to Sensory and Cognitive Processes
Authors: Zagha Edward , Erlich Jeffrey C. , Lee Soohyun , Lur Gyorgy , O'Connor Daniel H. , Steinmetz Nicholas A. , Stringer Carsen , Yang Hongdian
Published: January 2022

A surprising finding of recent studies in mouse is the dominance of widespread movement-related activity throughout the brain, including in early sensory areas. In awake subjects, failing to account for movement risks misattributing movement-related activity to other (e.g., sensory or cognitive) processes. In this article, we (1) review task designs for separating task-related and movement-related activity, (2) review three “case studies” in whichnotconsidering movement would have resulted in critically different interpretations of neuronal function, and (3) discuss functional couplings that may prevent us from ever fully isolating sensory, motor, and cognitive-related activity. Our main thesis is that neural signals related to movement are ubiquitous, and therefore ought to be considered first and foremost when attempting to correlate neuronal activity with task-related processes.
TOEIC LISTENING AND READING JAKO SOUČÁST HODNOCENÍ STUDENTŮ TECHNICKÉ UNIVERZITY V LIBERCI
Authors: Pavlíková Stanislava
Published: January 2022

The first part of the article presents the characteristics of the TOEIC test in the context of testing students at the Department of Foreign Languages of the Technical University of Liberec. The analysis of the test results obtained in the period from 2015 to 2020 is described in the next part. The analysis was focused on the comparison of the scores that the candidates achieved in the reading and listening sections of the test. The results of the survey are meant to give a stimulus to propose a modification of the syllabi of language courses so that they focus on the balance of learning activities and support of weaker skills of students, i.e., problems in reading comprehension. The opinions of students who took the TOEIC test and the language course in 2019 are another source of information serving to update the syllabi.
Sprzedaż alkoholi w karczmach i szynkach białostockich pod koniec XVIII stulecia
Authors: Roszko Janusz
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of research on the sale of alcohols in the court propination premises of the city of Białystok, managed by Izabela Branicka at the end of the 18th century. The analyzed period covers 12 months of 1796. The quantity of drinks drunk, their types and income were analyzed.
Rozum, wiara, tajemnica: Ralph Cudworth z angielskiej szkoły z Cambridge
Authors: Raube Sławomir
Published: January 2022

The text introduces the figure of Ralph Cudworth, the leading representative of the Cambridge Platonist school. The presentation of the views of the English philosopher and theologian aims to draw attention to the original and almost completely forgotten intellectual tradition of 17th-century England – typically perceived as dominated wholly by the currents of empiricist and materialistic orientation.
W poszukiwaniu utraconego (czy nieosiągalnego?) szczęścia... Postmodernistyczno-buddyjski „traktat” Wiktora Pielewina: powieść Тайные виды на гору Фудзи
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Pańkowska Ewa
Published: January 2022

Victor Pelevin belongs to the most popular and controversial contemporary Russian writers. He always leaves behind more questions than answers. Pelevin is recognized as one of the leading representatives of postmodernism in Russia. His novel Secret Views of Mount Fuji (2018) is the subject of the analysis in this paper. The plot of this novel is based on the story of three Russian oligarchs (unhappy oligarchs), who have experienced all the joys of life and begin to use a startup that offers different kinds of happiness. Pelevin pays special attention to a businessman named Fedya (Fyodor Semyonovich). The author makes a reference to the Buddhist concept of happiness and sets out in some detail the Buddhist theory of jhan – the successive stages of comprehending the highest truth. Pelevin says that everyone has their own happiness. One to achieve this state needs the truth, the other – its absence. The purpose of this article is: at first to show Pelevin’s point of view on the correlation between happiness and wealth, and secondly, to discuss Pelevin’s answers to the following questions: „what exactly is happiness?”, “is it true that money does not make us happy?”, “can we buy happiness with money?”.
Variation in Family Involvement on Rounds Between English-Speaking and Spanish-Speaking Families
Authors: Ju Alana , Sedano Sabrina , Mackin Kathleen , Koh Joyce , Lakshmanan Ashwini , Wu Susan
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Family-centered rounds (FCR) is the standard of care in inpatient pediatrics. Results of studies have revealed that Spanish-speaking families can experience communication challenges and decreased empowerment on rounds. In our study, we aim to identify variation in FCR practices for Spanish-speaking compared to English-speaking families and factors contributing to these disparities.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional observational study performed by secondary analysis of a quality improvement initiative conducted at a quaternary children’s hospital. Data were collected from June 2019 to March 2020 by using observational audits. Encounters were analyzed to compare key elements of FCR (including rounds location, elicitation of family questions, involvement in discharge planning) for English-speaking and Spanish-speaking families. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare family involvement in FCR. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate unmeasured confounding.

RESULTS

Rounding encounters included 394 families (261 English-speaking and 133 Spanish-speaking). Fewer Spanish-speaking families were included in the medical team’s discussion on rounds (64.7% vs 76.3%, P = .017), were asked about questions at the start of rounds (44.4% vs 56.3%, P = .025), or were involved in discussion of discharge criteria (72.2% vs 82.8%, P = .018) when compared to English-speaking families. These differences were magnified for resident teams rounding with subspecialists. The finding of decreased family involvement in the discussion on rounds persisted after adjusting for patient age and team type.

CONCLUSIONS

Spanish-speaking families were less likely to be involved in FCR compared to English-speaking families. Further investigation is needed to explore the root causes of this practice variation and to develop interventions to address disparities.
Delivery Characteristics and the Risk of Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Flannery Dustin D. , Mukhopadhyay Sagori , Morales Knashawn H. , Dhudasia Miren B. , Passarella Molly , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Puopolo Karen M.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Multiple strategies are used to identify newborn infants at high risk of culture-confirmed early-onset sepsis (EOS). Delivery characteristics have been used to identify preterm infants at lowest risk of infection to guide initiation of empirical antibiotics. Our objectives were to identify term and preterm infants at lowest risk of EOS using delivery characteristics and to determine antibiotic use among them.

METHODS

This was a retrospective cohort study of term and preterm infants born January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2014, with blood culture with or without cerebrospinal fluid culture obtained ≤72 hours after birth. Criteria for determining low EOS risk included: cesarean delivery, without labor or membrane rupture before delivery, and no antepartum concern for intraamniotic infection or nonreassuring fetal status. We determined the association between these characteristics, incidence of EOS, and antibiotic duration among infants without EOS.

RESULTS

Among 53 575 births, 7549 infants (14.1%) were evaluated and 41 (0.5%) of those evaluated had EOS. Low-risk delivery characteristics were present for 1121 (14.8%) evaluated infants, and none had EOS. Whereas antibiotics were initiated in a lower proportion of these infants (80.4% vs 91.0%, P < .001), duration of antibiotics administered to infants born with and without low-risk characteristics was not different (adjusted difference 0.6 hours, 95% CI [−3.8, 5.1]).

CONCLUSIONS

Risk of EOS among infants with low-risk delivery characteristics is extremely low. Despite this, a substantial proportion of these infants are administered antibiotics. Delivery characteristics should inform empirical antibiotic management decisions among infants born at all gestational ages.
Evaluation of physicochemical, sensory, and antimicrobial properties of small-scale produced fruit vinegars
Authors: Benedek Cs. , Szakolczi O. , Makai G. , Kiskó G. , Kókai Z.
Published: January 2022

Hungarian fruit vinegars were characterised in terms of physicochemical attributes (total polyphenol content, antioxidant characteristics/FRAP, CUPRAC, ABTS/, ascorbic acid content, pH, total soluble solids), sensory profiles, and antimicrobial properties.

Both compositional and sensory profiles showed distinct patterns depending on the type of vinegar (Tokaj wine, balsamic or apple) and the additional fruit used. Balsamic vinegars maturated on rosehip, sea buckthorn, and raspberry showed outstanding antioxidant performances. Rosehip, raspberry, and quince vinegars, as well as vinegars produced from Tokaji aszú and balsamic apple obtained high scores for fruity and sweet notes.

Antimicrobial activities were tested on Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, including probiotic bacteria. Generally, only weak activities were obtained, which was attributed to the natural sugar content of the samples, depending on the type of the vinegar and the fruit. Similar results, but more pronounced bacterial growth inhibitions were obtained for probiotic strains, however, some probiotic strains were resistant to at least two of the vinegars. Based on these, balsamic apple, raspberry, rosehip, quince, and sea buckthorn may qualify as potential functional components of probiotic preparations containing some of the strains tested.
The role of azithromycin in the antibacterial therapy of acute respiratory infections in children
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kramarov S.O. , Yevtushenko V.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2022

Acute respiratory infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood. Antibacterial therapy for acute respiratory infections should be prescribed carefully and under strict indications. This review analyzes the etiological structure of diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, identifies modern views on the rational use of antibacterial agents in diseases such as acute tonsillopharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. Among the variety of antibacterial agents, macrolide drugs, in particular azithromycin, are most often used in pediatric practice. The pharmacological properties of azithromycin, mechanisms of its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity, indications for use in acute respiratory infections in children are considered in the article. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: antibiotics, acute respiratory infection, macrolides, azithromycin, children.
What absolute beginners learn from input
Authors: Carroll Susanne E. , George Angela
Published: January 2022

Absolute beginners rapidly solve several word learning problems after minimal exposure to second language speech. In this article, we report on laboratory research that supports this claim. Explaining second language acquisition is a goal of foundational research. While our findings are consistent with the generativist enterprise, generativists have been content to describe what learners have acquired while avoiding discussion of the ‘how’. We describe a specific generativist approach (the Autonomous Induction Theory) that directly addresses the role of specific learning mechanisms proposed by cognitive psychology. In contrast to alternative non-generative approaches, the Autonomous Induction Theory offers a constrained theory of language acquisition. Both the data from laboratory settings and the theoretical explanations of how adult learners learn have potential implications for language teaching. One should not, however, make teaching recommendations directly from laboratory results. Rather, the findings should be reinterpreted as a research agenda for the classroom, one that recognises its complexities. In this paper, we make several proposals as to how to get from laboratory findings to a classroom-based research agenda.
No fear of George Kingsley Zipf
Authors: Rastelli Stefano , Gil kook-Hee
Published: January 2022

This paper offers a new insight into GenSLA classroom research in light of recent developments in the Minimalist Program (MP). Recent research in GenSLA has shown how generative linguistics and acquisition studies can inform the language classroom, mostly focusing on what linguistic aspects of target properties should be integrated as a part of the classroom input. Based on insights from Chomsky's ‘three factors for language design’ – which bring together the Faculty of Language, input and general principles of economy and efficient computation (the third factor effect) for language development – we put forward a theoretical rationale for how classroom research can offer a unique environment to test the learnability in L2 through the statistical enhancement of the input to which learners are exposed.
Changes in Births by Month: United States, January 2019–June 2021
Authors: Hamilton Brady , Osterman Michelle , Martin Joyce
Published: January 2022

This report presents provisional 2021 and final 2020 and 2019 data on changes in the number of U.S. births by race and Hispanic origin of mother and by month of birth and state for January through June of 2020 and 2021.
Cross-Sectional Online Study of the Psychological Status of Russian Doctors during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vlasova Anna V. , Vetluzhskaya Maria V. , Lutokhina Yulia A. , Haritonova Polina A.
Published: January 2022

Background. COVID-19 outbreak resulted in an increased psychological and physical pressure on healthcare professionals worldwide. Doctors treating COVID-19 patients have turned out to be at higher risk of depression, anxiety, psychosomatic disorders. The data about the influence of the pandemic on psychological health of Russian doctors is still missing.
Aims to evaluate a psychological status of Russian doctors during COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods. This cross-sectional online-study was conducted among 133 doctors of different specialties aged 2570 (mean age 43.6 9.9), 112 (84.2%) of the them were females. We assessed the work conditions of the respondents during pandemic, the presence of psychosomatic disorders, depression and anxiety levels by HADS scale.
Results. Almost two thirds (82; 61.7%) of the respondents reported an increased workload during the pandemic, 54.1% of them work more than 40 hours per week. The income has risen only in 25.6% of the doctors. Most of the respondents announced a manifestation of one or more psychosomatic disorders during the pandemic. The most frequent complaint was insomnia found in 72 (54.1%) of the doctors. Clinical anxiety was confirmed in 30 (22.6%), clinical depression in 15 (11.3%), moderate anxiety in 22 (16.5%), moderate depression in 31 (23.3%), both clinical anxiety and depression in 6% of the participants.
Conclusions. During the pandemic Russian doctors continue to work under physical and psychological pressure and provide medical care even if they have clinical depression and anxiety that influences on patients and doctors wellbeing. Theres still a lack of psychological assistance to doctors and of other methods to prevent professional burn-out.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Personalized Treatment of Trace Element and Vitamin Status in Men with Initial Stages of Androgenic Alopecia Treated with Conservative Therapy
Authors: Kondrakhina Irina N. , Zatevalov Alexander M. , Gatiatulina Eugenia R. , Nikonorov Alexandr A. , Deryabin Dmitry G. , Kubanov Alexey A.
Published: January 2022

Background. Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of pathological hair loss with multiple micronutrient disorders involvedin its occurrence and development.
Aimto evaluatethe effectiveness of personalized treatment of micronutrient deficiencies in patients with early stages of AGA and conservative therapy using a vasodilator drug minoxidil based on evidence-based medicine.
Methods. A total 48 patients with stages IIV of AGA (according to the NorwoodHamilton scale) were recruited to experimental prospective clinical study evaluating the effectiveness of pharmaceutical forms of trace elements and vitamins. The primary diagnosis of micronutrient deficiency was carried out by comparing laboratory parameters of patients with AGA and 25 healthy volunteers. After that, conservative treatment with 5% topical minoxidilin AGA patients was enriched with 2-month personalized systemic supplementation of pharmaceutical forms of trace elements and vitamins. At the end of the study, the correspondence between changes in trace elements and vitamins content in the plasma and the trichogram parameters before and after conservative therapy was assessed.
Results. The majority (96%) of the examined patients with AGA were characterized by mono- or polynutrient deficiencies. Personalized correction made it possible to restore the content of Se, Mg, Fe and vitamin E to the baseline levels and to achieve a significant increase in Zn, vitamin D and folic acid plasma content. The relationship between changes in the level of micronutrients and trichogram parameters was recorded only for Se (decrease in anagen hairs: r = 0.43; p = 0.037; decrease in hair density: r = 0.45; p = 0.028) and folic acid (an increase in anagen hairs: r = 0.41; p = 0.024); the positive effect of vitamin E on hair density was also detected.
Conclusion. The results of the study allow to recommend a personalized treatment of folic acid and vitamin E deficiencies, with possible refusal to use the Se-containing drugs in conservative therapy of patients with the early stages of AGA.
Custos das autorizações de internação hospitalar por quedas de idosos no Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil, 2000-2020: um estudo descritivo
Authors: Lima Juliana da Silva , Quadros Deise Vacario de , Silva Sabrina Letícia Couto da , Tavares Juliana Petri , Pai Daiane Dal
Published: January 2022

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever os custos das autorizações de internação hospitalar (AIHs) por quedas de idosos no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de custos, realizado a partir do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS, por meio das AIHs decorrentes de quedas de idosos (60 anos ou mais), no período de 2000 a 2020. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e mensurados os custos, por macrocusteio. Resultados: Foram registradas 1.746.097 AIHs por quedas de idosos, somando custos de R$ 2.315.395.702,75. A proporção de custos de internações foi maior entre aqueles com 80 anos ou mais (36,9%), sexo feminino (60,4%) e região Sudeste do país (57,3%). A média de permanência das internações variou de 5,2 a 7,5 dias. Conclusão: Os elevados custos identificados revelam a necessidade de investimentos em medidas mais efetivas, para prevenir e mitigar os danos decorrentes das quedas em idosos.