bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near‐Real‐Time Analysis of the Ionospheric Response to the 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Maletckii B. , Astafyeva E.
Published: October 2022

We present a near‐real‐time (NRT) scenario of analysis of ionospheric response to the 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai eruption by using Global Navigation Satellite Systems data in the near‐field (in the vicinity of the volcano), and in the far‐field (Japan, North America, and South America). We introduce a new method to determine instantaneous velocities using an interferometric approach and using the time derivative of the total electron content (TEC). Moreover, for the first time, we propose a novel method that automatically estimates the apparent propagation velocity of ionospheric disturbances from NRT travel‐time diagrams. By using our new methods, we analyzed the dynamics of co‐volcanic ionospheric disturbances generated by the Hunga‐Tonga eruption, and we estimated the first propagation velocity in the near‐field to be ∼800–950 m/s, subsequently decreasing to ∼600 m/s. Based on these values, we conclude that in the near‐field, we detect ionospheric signatures of acoustic waves. In the far field, the apparent velocity of ionospheric disturbances was estimated to be between 277 and 365 m/s, which corresponds to the propagation of the Lamb wave. It is important to note that our new methods can successfully perform at low spatial resolution networks and with 30‐s cadence data. Also, they enable NRT spatio‐temporal analysis of ionospheric TEC response to smaller‐amplitude events.
An ancestral interaction module promotes oligomerization in divergent mitochondrial ATP synthases
Authors: Gahura Ondřej , Mühleip Alexander , Hierro-Yap Carolina , Panicucci Brian , Jain Minal , Hollaus David , Slapničková Martina , Zíková Alena , Amunts Alexey
Published: October 2022

Mitochondrial ATP synthase forms stable dimers arranged into oligomeric assemblies that generate the inner-membrane curvature essential for efficient energy conversion. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of the intact ATP synthase dimer from Trypanosoma brucei in ten different rotational states. The model consists of 25 subunits, including nine lineage-specific, as well as 36 lipids. The rotary mechanism is influenced by the divergent peripheral stalk, conferring a greater conformational flexibility. Proton transfer in the lumenal half-channel occurs via a chain of five ordered water molecules. The dimerization interface is formed by subunit-g that is critical for interactions but not for the catalytic activity. Although overall dimer architecture varies among eukaryotes, we find that subunit-g together with subunit-e form an ancestral oligomerization motif, which is shared between the trypanosomal and mammalian lineages. Therefore, our data defines the subunit-g/e module as a structural component determining ATP synthase oligomeric assemblies.
Novel concept suppressing plasma heat pulses in a tokamak by fast divertor sweeping
Authors: Horacek J. , Lukes S. , Adamek J. , Havlicek J. , Entler S. , Seidl J. , Cavalier J. , Cikhardt J. , Sedmidubsky V.
Published: October 2022

One of the remaining challenges in magnetic thermonuclear fusion is survival of the heat shield protecting the tokamak reactor vessel against excessive plasma heat fluxes. Unmitigated high confinement edge localized mode (ELM) is a regular heat pulse damaging the heat shield. We suggest a novel concept of magnetic sweeping of the plasma contact strike point fast and far enough in order to spread this heat pulse. We demonstrate feasibility of a dedicated copper coil in a resonant circuit, including the induced currents and power electronics. We predict the DEMO ELM properties, simulate heat conduction, 3D particles motion and magnetic fields of the plasma and coil in COMSOL Multiphysics and Matlab. The dominant system parameter is voltage, feasible 18 kV yields 1 kHz sweeping frequency, suppressing the ELM-induced surface temperature rise by a factor of 3. Multiplied by other known mitigation concepts, ELMs might be mitigated enough to ensure safe operation of DEMO.
Gradient boosting decision tree becomes more reliable than logistic regression in predicting probability for diabetes with big data
Authors: Seto Hiroe , Oyama Asuka , Kitora Shuji , Toki Hiroshi , Yamamoto Ryohei , Kotoku Jun’ichi , Haga Akihiro , Shinzawa Maki , Yamakawa Miyae , Fukui Sakiko , Moriyama Toshiki
Published: October 2022

We sought to verify the reliability of machine learning (ML) in developing diabetes prediction models by utilizing big data. To this end, we compared the reliability of gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) and logistic regression (LR) models using data obtained from the Kokuho-database of the Osaka prefecture, Japan. To develop the models, we focused on 16 predictors from health checkup data from April 2013 to December 2014. A total of 277,651 eligible participants were studied. The prediction models were developed using a light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), which is an effective GBDT implementation algorithm, and LR. Their reliabilities were measured based on expected calibration error (ECE), negative log-likelihood (Logloss), and reliability diagrams. Similarly, their classification accuracies were measured in the area under the curve (AUC). We further analyzed their reliabilities while changing the sample size for training. Among the 277,651 participants, 15,900 (7978 males and 7922 females) were newly diagnosed with diabetes within 3 years. LightGBM (LR) achieved an ECE of 0.0018 ± 0.00033 (0.0048 ± 0.00058), a Logloss of 0.167 ± 0.00062 (0.172 ± 0.00090), and an AUC of 0.844 ± 0.0025 (0.826 ± 0.0035). From sample size analysis, the reliability of LightGBM became higher than LR when the sample size increased more than $$10^4$$

10
4

. Thus, we confirmed that GBDT provides a more reliable model than that of LR in the development of diabetes prediction models using big data. ML could potentially produce a highly reliable diabetes prediction model, a helpful tool for improving lifestyle and preventing diabetes.
Arylcoumarin perturbs SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis by targeting the S-protein/ACE2 interaction
Authors: Singh Ruhar , Kumar Abhijeet , Rane Jitendra Subhash , Khan Rajni , Tripathi Garima , Ajay Amrendra K. , Prakash Amresh , Ray Shashikant
Published: October 2022

The vaccination drive against COVID-19 worldwide was quite successful. However, the second wave of infections was even more disastrous. There was a rapid increase in reinfections and human deaths due to the appearance of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. The viral genome mutations in the variants were acquired while passing through different human hosts that could escape antibodies in convalescent or vaccinated individuals. The treatment was based on oxygen supplements and supportive protocols due to the lack of a specific drug. In this study, we identified three lead inhibitors of arylated coumarin derivatives 4,6,8-tri(naphthalen-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one (NF1), 8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,6-di(naphthalen-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one (NF12) and 8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-di(naphthalen-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one (NF-13) that showed higher binding affinity towards the junction of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S-protein) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Using molecular docking analysis, we identified the putative binding sites of these potent inhibitors. Notably, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and MM-PBSA studies confirmed that these inhibitors have the potential ability to bind Spike-protein/ACE2 protein complex with minimal energy. Further, the two major concerns are an adaptive mutation of spike proteins- N501Y and D614G which displayed strong affinity towards NF-13 in docking analysis. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo studies are required to confirm the above findings and develop the inhibitors as potential drugs against SARS-CoV-2.
Gender stereotypes about intellectual ability in Japanese children
Authors: Okanda Mako , Meng Xianwei , Kanakogi Yasuhiro , Uragami Moe , Yamamoto Hiroki , Moriguchi Yusuke
Published: October 2022

Japan has a large gender gap; thus, this study examined whether Japanese 4- to 7-year-old children exhibit a “brilliance = males” stereotype and whether parental attitudes toward gender roles were related to children’s stereotypes. We also explored whether the children exhibited such stereotypes in response to various stimuli. We showed children photos (Study 1) and stick figures (Study 2) of men, women, boys, and girls, asking them to attribute traits (smart or nice) to each. Study 1 revealed overwhelming in-group positivity in girls, whereas the results for boys were rather mixed. In Study 2, girls generally attributed nice to their own gender compared to boys. However, “brilliance = males” stereotypical responses were observed from 7 years of age, when boys began to be more likely to attribute smartness to their own gender compared to girls. The new data in Study 3 replicated results of Study 1 and parts of the results of Study 2. Moreover, merging the Study 3 data with that of Studies 1 and 2 confirmed their findings. Furthermore, it replicated the “brilliance = males” stereotype among 7-year-olds in the stick figure task. Parental attitudes toward gender roles were unrelated to children’s gender stereotypes. The results indicated that Japanese children may acquire “brilliance = males” stereotypes later than American children (6-years-old). Furthermore, the results were clearer when children were presented with stick figure stimuli.
Galectin-3 binding protein stimulated IL-6 expression is impeded by antibody intervention in SARS-CoV-2 susceptible cell lines
Authors: Mendes-Frias Ana , Gallo Valentina , Iacobelli Valentina , Gentile Roberta , Antonini Giovanni , Silvestre Ricardo , Iacobelli Stefano
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 is the global pandemic that affected our population in the past 2 years. Considerable research has been done to better understand the pathophysiology of this disease and to identify new therapeutic targets, especially for severe cases. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a receptor present at the surface of different cell types, namely epithelial and inflammatory cells, which has been described as a severity marker in COVID-19. The activation of Gal-3 through its binding protein (Gal-3BP) is directly linked to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute for the cytokine storm (CS) observed in severe COVID-19 patients. Here, we show that D2, a recombinant fragment of the lectin-binding region of Gal-3BP was able to stimulate the expression of IL-6 in colon and lung epithelial cell lines in β-galactoside dependent manner. We further show that D2-induced IL-6 augmentation was reduced by the anti-Gal-3BP monoclonal antibody 1959. Our data confirm and extend prior findings of Gal-3BP mediated IL-6 induction, enlightening the potential of its antibody-mediated s blockage for the prevention and treatment of CS and severe disease in COVID-19 patients.
Design of a novel integrated microfluidic chip for continuous separation of circulating tumor cells from peripheral blood cells
Authors: Bakhshi Maliha Saleem , Rizwan Mohsin , Khan Ghulam Jilany , Duan Hong , Zhai Kefeng
Published: October 2022

Cancer is one of the foremost causes of death globally. Late-stage presentation, inaccessible diagnosis, and treatment are common challenges in developed countries. Detection, enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) as early as possible can reportedly lead to more effective treatment. The isolation of CTC at an early stage is challenging due to the low probability of its presence in peripheral blood. In this study, we propose a novel two-stage, label-free, rapid, and continuous CTC separation device based on hydrodynamic inertial focusing and dielectrophoretic separation. The dominance and differential of wall-induced inertial lift force and Dean drag force inside a curved microfluidic channel results in size-based separation of Red Blood Cells (RBC) and platelets (size between 2–4 µm) from CTC and leukocytes (9–12.2 µm). A numerical model was used to investigate the mechanism of hydrodynamic inertial focusing in a curvilinear microchannel. Simulations were done with the RBCs, platelets, CTCs, and leukocytes (four major subtypes) to select the optimized value of the parameters in the proposed design. In first stage, the focusing behavior of microscale cells was studied to sort leukocytes and CTCs from RBCs, and platelets while viable CTCs were separated from leukocytes based on their inherent electrical properties using dielectrophoresis in the second stage. The proposed design of the device was evaluated for CTC separation efficiency using numerical simulations. This study considered the influence of critical factors like aspect ratio, dielectrophoretic force, channel size, flow rate, separation efficiency, and shape on cell separation. Results show that the proposed device yields viable CTC with 99.5% isolation efficiency with a throughput of 12.2 ml/h.
Hydrogen generation of single alloy Pd/Pt quantum dots over Co3O4 nanoparticles via the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride at room temperature
Authors: Farrag Mostafa , Ali Gomaa A. M.
Published: October 2022

To satisfy global energy demands and decrease the level of atmospheric greenhouse gases, alternative clean energy sources are required. Hydrogen is one of the most promising clean energy sources due to its high chemical energy density and near-zero greenhouse gas emissions. A single alloyed phase of Pd/Pt nanoclusters as quantum dots (QDs) was prepared and loaded over Co3O4 nanoparticles with a low loading percentage (1 wt.%) for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of NaBH4 at room temperature. L-glutathione (SG) was used as a capping ligand. It was found that the single alloy catalyst (Pd0.5–Pt0.5)n(SG)m/Co3O4 caused a significant enhancement in hydrogen generation in comparison to the monometallic clusters (Pdn(SG)m and Ptn(SG)m). Moreover, the Pd/Pt alloy showed a positive synergistic effect compared to the physical mixture of Pd and Pt clusters (1:1) over Co3O4. The QDs alloy and monometallic Pd and Pt clusters exhibited well-dispersed particle size in ~ 1 nm. The (Pd0.5–Pt0.5)n(SG)m)/Co3O4 catalyst offers a high hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 8333 mL min− 1 g− 1 at room temperature. The synergistic effect of Pd and Pt atoms in the nanoclusters alloy is the key point beyond this high activity, plus the prepared clusters' unique atomic packing structure and electronic properties. The effect of the NaBH4 concentration, catalyst amount, and reaction temperature (25–60 °C) were investigated, where HGR reaches 50 L min− 1 g− 1 at 60 °C under the same reaction conditions. The prepared catalysts were analyzed by UV–Vis, TGA, HR-TEM, XRD, and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques. The charge state of the Pd and Pt in monometallic and alloy nanoclusters is zero, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The catalysts showed high recyclability efficiency for at least five cycles due to the high leaching resistance of the alloy nanoclusters within the Co3O4 host. The prepared catalysts are highly efficient for energy-based applications.
The influence of self-reported history of mild traumatic brain injury on cognitive performance
Authors: Fox Amaya J. , Filmer Hannah L. , Dux Paul E.
Published: October 2022

The long-term cognitive consequences of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are poorly understood. Studies investigating cognitive performance in the chronic stage of injury in both hospital-based and population-based samples have revealed inconsistent findings. Importantly, population-based mTBI samples remain under-studied in the literature. This study investigated cognitive performance among individuals with a history of self-reported mTBI using a battery of cognitively demanding behavioural tasks. Importantly, more than half of the mTBI participants had experienced multiple mild head injuries. Compared to control participants (n = 49), participants with a history of mTBI (n = 30) did not demonstrate deficits in working memory, multitasking ability, cognitive flexibility, visuospatial ability, response inhibition, information processing speed or social cognition. There was moderate evidence that the mTBI group performed better than control participants on the visual working memory measure. Overall, these findings suggest that even multiple instances of mTBI do not necessarily lead to long-term cognitive impairment at the group level. Thus, we provide important evidence of the impact of chronic mTBI across a number of cognitive processes in a population-based sample. Further studies are necessary to determine the impact that individual differences in injury-related variables have on cognitive performance in the chronic stage of injury.
Closed-loop stimulation of lateral cervical spinal cord in upper-limb amputees to enable sensory discrimination: a case study
Authors: Nanivadekar Ameya C. , Chandrasekaran Santosh , Helm Eric R. , Boninger Michael L. , Collinger Jennifer L. , Gaunt Robert A. , Fisher Lee E.
Published: October 2022

Modern myoelectric prosthetic hands have multiple independently controllable degrees of freedom, but require constant visual attention to use effectively. Somatosensory feedback provides information not available through vision alone and is essential for fine motor control of our limbs. Similarly, stimulation of the nervous system can potentially provide artificial somatosensory feedback to reduce the reliance on visual cues to efficiently operate prosthetic devices. We have shown previously that epidural stimulation of the lateral cervical spinal cord can evoke tactile sensations perceived as emanating from the missing arm and hand in people with upper-limb amputation. In this case study, two subjects with upper-limb amputation used this somatotopically-matched tactile feedback to discriminate object size and compliance while controlling a prosthetic hand. With less than 30 min of practice each day, both subjects were able to use artificial somatosensory feedback to perform a subset of the discrimination tasks at a success level well above chance. Subject 1 was consistently more adept at determining object size (74% accuracy; chance: 33%) while Subject 2 achieved a higher accuracy level in determining object compliance (60% accuracy; chance 33%). In each subject, discrimination of the other object property was only slightly above or at chance level suggesting that the task design and stimulation encoding scheme are important determinants of which object property could be reliably identified. Our observations suggest that changes in the intensity of artificial somatosensory feedback provided via spinal cord stimulation can be readily used to infer information about object properties with minimal training.
The spatial–temporal distribution and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease before and after EV‑A71 vaccination in Kunming, China, 2017–2020
Authors: Wang Meifen , Chen Tao , Peng Junchao , Luo Yunjiao , Du Lijiang , Lu Zhiying , He Jianzhu , Liu Chunli , Gan Quan , Ma Wei , Cun Zhikuan , Zheng Qiongmei , Chen Weiying , Chen Yonglin , Han Mei , Liu Guojun , Li Jiwei
Published: October 2022

After vaccination with enterovirus 71 (EV-A71), the prevalence of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) remained high, and the spatial–temporal distribution of enteroviruses changed. Therefore, it is essential to define the temporal features, spatial distributions, and epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HFMD in Kunming. Between 2017 and 2020, a total of 36,540 children were diagnosed with HFMD in Kunming, including 32,754 children with enterovirus-positive clinical samples. Demographic, geographical, epidemiological and etiological data of the cases were acquired and analyzed. Other enteroviruses replaced EV-A71, and the incidence of EV-A71 decreased dramatically, whereas coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) had substantial outbreaks in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The major and minor peaks all extended for 2–4 months compared to before vaccination with the EV-A71 vaccine. From 2019 to 2020, CV-A6, as the predominant serotype, showed only a single peak. Although a high incidence of HFMD was observed in Guandu, Chenggong and Xishan, the annual incidence of different enterovirus serotypes was different in different regions. In 2017, other enteroviruses were most prevalent in Shilin. In 2018, CV-A16 and CV-A6 were most prevalent in Luquan and Shilin, respectively. In 2019, CV-A16 was most prevalent in Jinning. In 2020, CV-A6 and coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) were most prevalent in Luquan and Shilin, respectively. Meanwhile, the epidemic cycle of CV-A6 and CV-A16 was only 1 year, and CV-A10 and other enteroviruses were potential risk pathogens. The spatial and temporal distribution of HFMD varies at different scales, and the incidence of HFMD associated with different pathogens has obvious regional differences and seasonal trends. Therefore, research on multivalent combined vaccines is urgently needed, and proper preventive and protective measures could effectively control the incidence of HFMD-like diseases.
Frustrations of supported catalytic clusters under operando conditions predicted by a simple lattice model
Authors: Korobov Alexander
Published: October 2022

The energy landscape with a number of close minima separated by low barriers is a well-known issue in computational heterogeneous catalysis. In the framework of the emerging out-of-equilibrium material science, the navigation through such involved landscapes is associated with the functionality of materials. Current advancements in the cluster catalysis has brought and continues to bring essential nuances to the topic. One of them is the possibility of frustration of the catalytic centre under operando conditions. However, this conjecture is difficult to check either experimentally or theoretically. As a step in this direction, as-simple-as-possible lattice model is used to estimate how the supposed frustrations may couple with the elementary reaction and manifest themselves at the macroscopic scale.
Choroidal hemodynamics in central serous chorioretinopathy after half-dose photodynamic therapy and the effects of smoking
Authors: Horiguchi Etsuyo , Takeuchi Jun , Tomita Ryo , Asai Keiko , Nakano Yuyako , Ota Hikaru , Taki Yosuke , Ito Yasuki , Terasaki Hiroko , Nishiguchi Koji M. , Kataoka Keiko
Published: October 2022

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate choroidal hemodynamics after half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and the effects of smoking using laser speckle flowgraphy. This study included 29 eyes of 29 patients treated with half-dose PDT for CSC, who were followed-up for at least 6 months. The mean blur rate (MBR) in the PDT irradiation area (whole area), the pachyvessel (PV) area, non-PV (NPV) area, and filling delay (FD) area were assessed at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months post-PDT, respectively. The MBR was also assessed by smoking status. The MBR significantly decreased from baseline in the whole, PV, NPV, and FD areas at all time points (P < 0.001). Of the 29 patients, 6 were never smokers, 13 were past smokers, and 10 were current smokers. At baseline, no significant difference was found in the MBR in the whole, PV, NPV, and FD areas among never, past, and current smokers. The MBR changes showed a significantly smaller decrease in current smokers than in never smokers in the whole (P = 0.021), PV (P = 0.009), and NPV (P = 0.034) areas, but not in the FD area (P = 0.172). Half-dose PDT for CSC reduced choroidal blood flow in the PDT-irradiated area, which was blunted by current smoking status.
Preparation and application of nanostructured carbon from oil fly ash for growth promotion and improvement of agricultural crops with different doses
Authors: Alluqmani Saleh M. , Alabdallah Nadiyah M.
Published: October 2022

Application of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) in agricultural production has piqued the interest of researchers. However, despite the enormous importance of CNMs in plant development, little is known about the effects of carbon nanoparticle (CNP) doses on plant physiological responses. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to check the effects of nanostructured carbon derived from oil fly ash (COFA), which was derived for the first time from high-energy ball-milling followed by a sonication process, on Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Cicer arietinum L. plants. We evaluated the plant physiological and biochemical parameters of the COFA-treated seedlings. Two different doses (4 mg L−1 and 8 mg L−1) of COFA and a control were studied. The results indicated that the germination rate (%), shoot length, root length, pod length, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight were increased with the addition of COFA. Likewise, COFA increased the contents of chlorophyll pigments (Chla, Chlb, carotenoids), proteins, and carbohydrates in both species compared to the control. Finally, these findings showed that a COFA treatment at 4 mg L−1 after ball milled-sonication in water (BMW4) constituted the best dose for growth and physiology. Our findings reveal that the novel strategy of COFA engineering led to a boost in the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris and Cicer arietinum. Our results have high potential for agricultural research and provide an impact on food security.
Shield-activated two-way imaging nanomaterials for enhanced cancer theranostics
Authors: Xu Yang , Nie Zhaokun , Ni Nengyi , Zhang Xinyu , Yuan Jia , Gao Yuan , Gong Yufang , Liu Shuangqing , Wu Min , Sun Xiao
Published: October 2022

Herein, an overview of the research progress in engineered nanomaterials with two-way imaging tuning for enhanced cancer theranostics is provided.
Simple synthetic route to an enzyme-inspired transesterification catalyst
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Nothling Mitchell D. , Aitken Heather M. , Xiao Zeyun , Lam Matthew , Bell Craig A. , O'Mara Megan L. , Connal Luke A.
Published: October 2022

Self-assembling transesterification catalyst inspired by the catalytic triad.
Valorisation of biobased olefins via Rh-catalyzed transfer hydroformylation and isomerization using formaldehyde as a CO/H2 surrogate
Authors: Concha-Puelles Matías , Cortínez Antonio , Lezana Nicolás , Vilches-Herrera Marcelo , Lühr Susan
Published: October 2022

The use of biomass as a new platform of chemical substrates has become a subject of intensive research. In this article the selective functionalization and isomerization of allylbenzenes by transfer hydroformylation with formaldehyde is reported.
CNTs support 2D NiMOF nanosheets for asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy density
Authors: Hu Nianxiang , Liao Jiang , Liu Xueliang , Wei Jinlong , Wang Li , Li Min , Zong Naixuan , Xu Ruidong , Yang Linjing , Wang Junli
Published: October 2022

The NiMOF/CNTs composite with NiMOF nanosheets grows along the CNTs is synthesized with a one-step solvothermal method, and the NiMOF/CNTs//AC asymmetric supercapacitors provide a high energy density of 113.8 Wh kg−1 at 800.0 W kg−1.
Chiral weak ferromagnets formed in one-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid manganese chloride hydrates
Authors: Taniguchi Kouji , Huang Po-Jung , Kimura Shojiro , Miyasaka Hitoshi
Published: October 2022

Chiral weak ferromagnets were developed in one-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid chain compounds comprising manganese chloride hydrate of deformed perovskite derivatives.
AIE-active Ir(iii) complexes functionalised with a cationic Schiff base ligand: synthesis, photophysical properties and applications in photodynamic therapy
Authors: Liu Shengnan , Han Jiahong , Wang Weijin , Chang Yulei , Wang Runlin , Wang Ziwei , Li Guangzhe , Zhu Dongxia , Bryce Martin R.
Published: October 2022

Two AIE-active Ir(iii) cationic complexes containing Schiff base ligands were synthesised. Ir-2-N+ NPs are shown to be good PSsin vitrofor PDT.
Experimental and theoretical evaluation of crystal facet exposure on the charge transfer and SERS activity of ZnO films
Authors: Luo Yuwei , Niu Lengyuan , Wang Yifan , Wen Peipei , Gong Yinyan , Li Can , Xu Shiqing
Published: October 2022

The {0001} and {101̄1} planes exposed on ZnO exhibit a stronger SERS enhancement which is attributed to their enhanced charge tansfer ability and lower surface electronic work function.
Photoredox catalysis leading to triazolo-quinoxalinones at room temperature: selectivity of the rate determining step
Authors: Monreal-Corona Roger , Besalú Emili , Pla-Quintana Anna , Poater Albert
Published: October 2022

The mechanism for the photoredox catalysed synthesis of triazoloquinoxalinones is unveiled by DFT calculations. Predictive chemistry gives the recipe of substituents, sterically and electronically, can fit to perform the reaction at room temperature.
Computational investigation of cycloadditions between cyclopentadiene and tropone-3,4-dimethylester
Authors: Milrod Maya L. , Northrop Brian H.
Published: October 2022

Thermally promoted cycloaddition reactions of tropone-3,4-dimethylester and cyclopentadiene have been investigated using density functional theory calculations at the M06-2X level and the CBS-QB3 method.
Straightforward synthesis of aliphatic polydithiocarbonates from commercially available starting materials
Authors: Sehn Timo , Huber Birgit , Fanelli Julian , Mutlu Hatice
Published: October 2022

Herein, a novel 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) mediated polymerization methodology that complements ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and unlocks a greater synthetic window to less-recognized polydithiocarbonates is presented.
Magnetic nanoparticle-supported eosin Y salt [SB-DABCO@eosin] as an efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst for the multi-component synthesis of chromeno[4,3-b]chromene in the presence of visible light
Authors: Jarrahi Mahbube , Maleki Behrooz , Tayebee Reza
Published: October 2022

Design, synthesis, and characterization of a novel magnetic nanoparticle-supported eosin Y salt as an environmentally friendly method for one-pot synthesis of chromeno[4,3-b]chromene in the presence of visible light.
A rotaxane-based platform for tailoring the pharmacokinetics of cancer-targeted radiotracers
Authors: d'Orchymont Faustine , Holland Jason P.
Published: October 2022

Mechanically interlocked rotaxanes are transformed into positron-emitting radiotracers for cancer biomarker imaging. Mechanical bonding offers new possibilities for controlling drug delivery, metabolism, and excretion profiles in vivo.
A 3D printed hydrostatic skeleton for an earthworm-inspired soft burrowing robot
Authors: Niiyama Ryuma , Matsushita Kazuma , Ikeda Masahiro , Or Keung , Kuniyoshi Yasuo
Published: October 2022

An earthworm-inspired soft-burrowing robot with a 3D-printed artificial hydrostatic skeleton.
Viscosity-sensitive NIR probe for in vivo imaging of early-stage hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Lv Yunxia , Huo Fangjun , Zhang Yongbin , Yin Caixia
Published: October 2022

A viscosity-sensitive and liver-targeted NIR fluorescent probe has been developed for early diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis.
Exploring the influence of counterions on a hysteretic spin-transition in isomorphous iron(ii) complex salts
Authors: Roberts Thomas D. , Pask Christopher M. , Capel Berdiell Izar , Tuna Floriana , Halcrow Malcolm A.
Published: October 2022

The hysteretic spin transition shown by [FeL2][BF4]2is quenched in its isomorphous perchlorate salt, which reflects more sluggish lattice dynamics in the presence of the larger ClO4−ion.
Emission line star catalogues post-Gaia DR3
Authors: Shridharan B. , Mathew B. , Bhattacharyya S. , Robin T. , Arun R. , Kartha S. S. , Manoj P. , Nidhi S. , Maheshwar G. , Paul K. T. , Narang M. , Himanshu T.
Published: October 2022

Aims.Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) and further releases have the potential to identify and categorise new emission-line stars in the Galaxy. We perform a comprehensive validation of astrophysical parameters from Gaia DR3 with the spectroscopically estimated emission-line star parameters from the LAMOST OBA emission catalogue.

Method. We compare different astrophysical parameters provided by Gaia DR3 with those estimated using LAMOST spectra. By using a larger sample of emission-line stars, we performed a global polynomial and piece-wise linear fit to update the empirical relation to convert the Gaia DR3 pseudo-equivalent width to the observed equivalent width, after removing the weak emitters from the analysis.

Results. We find that the emission-line source classifications given by DR3 is in reasonable agreement with the classification from the LAMOST OBA emission catalogue. The astrophysical parameters estimated by the esphs module from Gaia DR3 provides a better estimate when compared to gspphot and gspspec. A second degree polynomial relation is provided along with piece-wise linear fit parameters for the equivalent width conversion. We notice that the LAMOST stars with weak Hα emission are not identified to be in emission from BP/RP spectra. This suggests that emission-line sources identified by Gaia DR3 are incomplete. In addition, Gaia DR3 provides valuable information about the binary and variable nature of a sample of emission-line stars.
Spectral cube extraction for the VLT/SPHERE IFS
Authors: Samland M. , Brandt T. D. , Milli J. , Delorme P. , Vigan A.
Published: October 2022

We present a new open-source data-reduction pipeline to reconstruct spectral data cubes from raw SPHERE integral-field spectrograph (IFS) data. The pipeline is written in Python and based on the pipeline that was developed for the CHARIS IFS. It introduces several improvements to SPHERE data analysis that ultimately produce significant improvements in postprocessing sensitivity. We first used new data to measure SPHERE lenslet point spread functions (PSFs) at the four laser calibration wavelengths. These lenslet PSFs enabled us to forward-model SPHERE data, to extract spectra using a least-squares fit, and to remove spectral crosstalk using the measured lenslet PSFs. Our approach also reduces the number of required interpolations, both spectral and spatial, and can preserve the original hexagonal lenslet geometry in the SPHERE IFS. In the case of least-squares extraction, no interpolation of the data is performed. We demonstrate this new pipeline on the directly imaged exoplanet 51 Eri b and on observations of the hot white dwarf companion to HD 2133. The extracted spectrum of HD 2133B matches theoretical models, demonstrating spectrophotometric calibration that is good to a few percent. Postprocessing on two 51 Eri b data sets demonstrates a median improvement in sensitivity of 80 and 30% for the 2015 and 2017 data, respectively, compared to the use of cubes reconstructed by the SPHERE Data Center. The largest improvements are seen for poorer observing conditions. The new SPHERE pipeline takes less than three minutes to produce a data cube on a modern laptop, making it practical to reprocess all SPHERE IFS data.
Gibt es nachweisbare Effekte durch das geänderte Organspendegesetz?
Authors: Heise Michael , Bechstein Wolf Otto
Published: October 2022

Die Transplantation ist eine effiziente und standardisierte Therapie in der Behandlung des irreversiblen Organversagens. Damit möglichst viele geeignete Patienten in Deutschland von
dieser Therapieoption profitieren, muss der im internationalen Vergleich niedrige Organmangel in Deutschland als ein zentrales Problem der Transplantationsmedizin behoben werden.
Die Ursachenanalyse des Organmangels führte zu Änderungen im Gesetz über die Spende, Entnahme und Übertragung von Organen und Gewebe (Transplantationsgesetz – TPG), welche
konsekutiv Prozessanpassungen und Strukturverbesserungen der Rahmenbedingungen der Organspende in Deutschland zur Folge hatten und zu einer Steigerung der Organspenderzahlen
beitragen sollten. Die aktuellen Organspenderzahlen zeigen, dass die angestoßenen strukturellen Maßnahmen kurzfristig nicht zu einer Trendwende führten. Das geänderte
Transplantationsgesetz wird aber nur dann langfristige Effekte erzielen, wenn die gemeinschaftliche Aufgabe zur Organspende in der deutschen Gesellschaft breiten Konsens findet.
Ein rationaler öffentlicher Diskurs in Deutschland über die Optionen zur Behebung des Organspendemangels – dazu gehören auch die Widerspruchslösung und die Organspende nach Herz-
und Kreislauftod (DCD) – ist dringend geboten.
Effect of Hydrothermal Degradation on Flexural Fatigue Strength of Various Cubic-Containing Translucent Zirconia
Authors: Kengtanyakich Santiphab , Peampring Chaimongkon
Published: October 2022

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the fatigue and hydrothermal degradation behavior among the cubic-containing translucent yttrium oxide stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP).

Materials and Methods Four groups of commercial Y-TZP (T, ST, XT, and P), containing different amount of cubic crystal, were examined. Artificial aging was accomplished by autoclaving at 122°C under 2 bar pressure for 8 hours. Fatigue simulation parameters were set using an axial 50 N load, a total of 240,000 cycles. Flexural fatigue strength was evaluated.

Statistical Analysis Two-way analysis of variance with Tukey's honestly significant difference test was used to determine the difference in fatigue strength values between various type of zirconia materials within control and aging with a significant level of 5%. Weibull analysis was conducted on the fatigue strength data.

Results All groups showed the mean flexural fatigue strength had no significant difference in hydrothermally aged specimens compared with specimens without aging (p = 0.154). Group T showed significantly higher flexural fatigue strength followed by group ST, XT, and P. Group XT and P showed no significant difference in strength value (p > 0.05). Group T demonstrated a lower probability of failure than group ST, XT, and P whether with or without aging. Weibull modulus in group T and ST with aging condition was increased and higher than all the experimental groups.

Conclusion Cubic-containing zirconia materials (group ST, XT, and P) exhibited lower flexural fatigue strength than non-cubic 3Y-TZP zirconia (group T). However, various cubic-containing translucent zirconia was assumed to have high resistance to hydrothermal degradation.
Information theoretic approach to effects of spin–orbit coupling in quasi-one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Sekh Golam Ali , Talukdar Benoy , Chatterjee Supriya , Khan Basir Ahamed
Published: October 2022

We consider a spin-orbit coupled (SOC) one dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with attractive atom-atom interaction and make use of Shannon entropy (S), and Fisher information (I) to study the response of atomic density profiles to changes in κ

L
, the strength of the spin–orbit coupling for fixed values of Rabi frequency (Ω). Density profiles of our interest are characterized by (i)

κ

L

2

<
Ω

(region 1) and (ii)

κ

L

2

>
Ω

(region 2). We also pay attention to a spatially modulated density profile representing stripe phase of the condensate. Our numbers for S and I show that in region 1 the profile becomes localized as κ

L
increases while in region 2 we observe delocalization. Values of I in the stripe phase provide an evidence for the supersolid properties of the SOC BEC and indicate that supersolidity is a purely quantum phenomenon.
Chameleon screening depends on the shape and structure of NFW halos
Authors: Tamosiunas Andrius , Briddon Chad , Burrage Clare , Cui Weiguang , Moss Adam
Published: October 2022

Chameleon gravity is an example of a model that gives rise to interesting phenomenology on cosmological scales while simultaneously possessing a screening mechanism, allowing it to avoid solar system constraints. Such models result in non-linear field equations, which can be solved analytically only in simple highly symmetric systems. In this work we study the equation of motion of a scalar-tensor theory with chameleon screening using the finite element method. More specifically, we solve the field equation for spherical and triaxial NFW cluster-sized halos. This allows a detailed investigation of the relationship between the NFW concentration and the virial mass parameters and the magnitude of the chameleon acceleration, as measured at the virial radius. In addition, we investigate the effects on the chameleon acceleration due to halo triaxiality. We focus on the parameter space regions that are still allowed by the observational constraints. We find that given our dataset, the largest allowed value for the chameleon-to-NFW acceleration ratio at the virial radius is ∼ 10-7. This result strongly indicates that the chameleon models that are still allowed by the observational constraints would not lead to any measurable effects on galaxy cluster scales. Nonetheless, we also find that there is a direct relationship between the NFW potential and the chameleon-to-NFW acceleration ratio at the virial radius. Similarly, there is a direct (yet a much more complicated) relationship between the NFW concentration, the virial mass and the acceleration ratios at the virial radius. Finally, we find that triaxiality introduces extra directional effects on the acceleration measurements. These effects in combination could potentially be used in future observational searches for fifth forces.
Laser radiation producing no interference speckle patterns
Authors: Kobtsev Sergey
Published: October 2022

Approaches to the development of an incoherent laser are analysed. Implementation of such a laser on the basis of noise-like pulse generation is discussed. Fairly high stability of the average output power in such a regime leads to the contemplation of practical avenues to developing an incoherent laser relying on noise-like pulses. Implementation of such a laser on the basis of the fibre-optical platform further poses such requirements as all-fibre design using polarisation-maintaining fibre and adoption of alternatives to material-based saturable absorbers. Applications are demonstrated in which an incoherent laser—a radically new source of optical radiation—is a requirement. Laser layouts are shown, which are close to the desired layout of the incoherent laser.
Assessment of Process Capability Level in University XYZ Based on COBIT 2019
Authors: Atrinawati L H , Ramadhani E , Fiqar T P , Wiranti Y T , Abdullah A I N F , Saputra H M J , Tandirau D B
Published: October 2022

University XYZ is a state university in East Kalimantan, which established in 2014. All of its academic and non-academic activities are supported by information technology managed by the Information and Communication Technology Unit (ICT Unit). University XYZ implements an information technology governance system that aims to support the University XYZ business strategy and goals optimally. Information technology governance systems must be well managed to support business process activities in University XYZ. This study aims to evaluate the capability of information technology governance system using the COBIT 2019 framework. This study uses COBIT 2019 design tools and core model to evaluate University XYZ governance system, then provide assistance in determining a governance system that is adjusted to the COBIT 2019 capability level assessment. The result of this research is a recommendation of the core model or process and the capability level that must be implemented by University XYZ. This research will conclude that there are 11 Governance and Management Objectives that have a priority of more than 50%. This study conducts an evaluation phase of the core model or process so that recommendations are obtained for the development of information technology governance.
Detection of thermal anomalies on building façades using infrared thermography and supervised learning
Authors: Barahona Braulio , Buck Roger , Okaya Oskar , Schuetz Philipp
Published: October 2022

We propose a cost-effective, non-intrusive approach to assess the quality of the thermal isolation of the building stock in a given municipality or small city. Our prototype measurement system, mounted on a vehicle, acquires geotagged optical and infrared images from the street-side of the buildings. A basic approach to detect gross thermal anomalies, such as thermal bridges, via a binary classifier trained on 2000 carefully labeled infrared images is demonstrated. Thermal anomalies are identified with a precision score of around 89.2 % and 75.6 % recall on a test dataset of 1184 images infrared recorded in Hergiswil (NW). The enabled automated assessment helps to identify retrofitting targets and supports increasing the renovation rate.
Precision Machining by Composite EDM and Ultrasonic Method Technique
Authors: Liu Haiteng , Dong Yinghuai , Wang Yan , Li Zhanxin , Wang Litong
Published: October 2022

By studying the workpiece loading axial vibration mechanism of ultrasonic vibration electrical discharge machining, design the corresponding experiment. The experiment using 1 mm diameter precision machining of micro electrode to study the influence of the ultrasonic vibration electrical discharge machining efficiency and the influence on surface quality of machining by changing the presence of loaded ultrasonic conditions. By changing the load axial ultrasonic vibration amplitude of the workpiece to research on the influence of the machining efficiency. The results show that when processing t-he same depth, load axial vibration ultrasonic vibration electrical discharge machining, the machining time is short, machining efficiency will be high and surface quality is good. When the axial ultrasonic vibration amplitude of the changing load, the processing efficiency is the highest in a certain amplitude range.