bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shared behavioural impairments in visual perception and place avoidance across different autism models are driven by periaqueductal grey hypoexcitability in Setd5 haploinsufficient mice
Authors: Burnett Laura E. , Koppensteiner Peter , Symonova Olga , Masson Tomás , Vega-Zuniga Tomas , Contreras Ximena , Rülicke Thomas , Shigemoto Ryuichi , Novarino Gaia , Joesch Maximilian
Published: June 2024

Despite the diverse genetic origins of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), affected individuals share strikingly similar and correlated behavioural traits that include perceptual and sensory processing challenges. Notably, the severity of these sensory symptoms is often predictive of the expression of other autistic traits. However, the origin of these perceptual deficits remains largely elusive. Here, we show a recurrent impairment in visual threat perception that is similarly impaired in 3 independent mouse models of ASD with different molecular aetiologies. Interestingly, this deficit is associated with reduced avoidance of threatening environments—a nonperceptual trait. Focusing on a common cause of ASDs, the Setd5 gene mutation, we define the molecular mechanism. We show that the perceptual impairment is caused by a potassium channel (Kv1)-mediated hypoexcitability in a subcortical node essential for the initiation of escape responses, the dorsal periaqueductal grey (dPAG). Targeted pharmacological Kv1 blockade rescued both perceptual and place avoidance deficits, causally linking seemingly unrelated trait deficits to the dPAG. Furthermore, we show that different molecular mechanisms converge on similar behavioural phenotypes by demonstrating that the autism models Cul3 and Ptchd1, despite having similar behavioural phenotypes, differ in their functional and molecular alteration. Our findings reveal a link between rapid perception controlled by subcortical pathways and appropriate learned interactions with the environment and define a nondevelopmental source of such deficits in ASD.
Older adults select different but not simpler strategies than younger adults in risky choice
Authors: Bolenz Florian , Pachur Thorsten
Published: June 2024

Younger and older adults often differ in their risky choices. Theoretical frameworks on human aging point to various cognitive and motivational factors that might underlie these differences. Using a novel computational model based on the framework of resource rationality, we find that the two age groups rely on different strategies. Importantly, older adults did not use simpler strategies than younger adults, they did not select among fewer strategies, they did not make more errors, and they did not put more weight on cognitive costs. Instead, older adults selected strategies that had different risk propensities than those selected by younger adults. Our modeling approach suggests that age differences in risky choice are not necessarily a consequence of cognitive decline; instead, they may reflect motivational differences between age groups.
An efficient Dai-Yuan projection-based method with application in signal recovery
Authors: Sabi’u Jamilu , Balili Ado , Emadifar Homan
Published: June 2024

The Dai and Yuan conjugate gradient (CG) method is one of the classical CG algorithms using the numerator ‖gk+1‖2. When the usual Wolfe line search is used, the algorithm is shown to satisfy the descent condition and to converge globally when the Lipschitz condition is assumed. Despite these two advantages, the Dai-Yuan algorithm performs poorly numerically due to the jamming problem. This work will present an efficient variant of the Dai-Yuan CG algorithm that solves a nonlinear constrained monotone system (NCMS) and resolves the aforementioned problems. Our variant algorithm, like the unmodified version, converges globally when the Lipschitz condition and sufficient descent requirements are satisfied, regardless of the line search method used. Numerical computations utilizing algorithms from the literature show that this variant algorithm is numerically robust. Finally, the variant algorithm is used to reconstruct sparse signals in compressed sensing (CS) problems.
Comparative mitogenomic analysis provides evolutionary insights into Formica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Liu Min , Hu Shi-Yun , Li Min , Sun Hao , Yuan Ming-Long
Published: June 2024

Formica is a large genus in the family Formicidae with high diversity in its distribution, morphology, and physiology. To better understand evolutionary characteristics of Formica, the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of two Formica species were determined and a comparative mitogenomic analysis for this genus was performed. The two newly sequenced Formica mitogenomes each included 37 typical mitochondrial genes and a large non-coding region (putative control region), as observed in other Formica mitogenomes. Base composition, gene order, codon usage, and tRNA secondary structure were well conserved among Formica species, whereas diversity in sequence size and structural characteristics was observed in control regions. We also observed several conserved motifs in the intergenic spacer regions. These conserved genomic features may be related to mitochondrial function and their highly conserved physiological constraints, while the diversity of the control regions may be associated with adaptive evolution among heterogenous habitats. A negative AT-skew value on the majority chain was presented in each of Formica mitogenomes, indicating a reversal of strand asymmetry in base composition. Strong codon usage bias was observed in Formica mitogenomes, which was predominantly determined by nucleotide composition. All 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes of Formica species exhibited molecular signatures of purifying selection, as indicated by the ratio of non-synonymous substitutions to synonymous substitutions being less than 1 for each protein-coding gene. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitogenomic data obtained fairly consistent phylogenetic relationships, except for two Formica species that had unstable phylogenetic positions, indicating mitogenomic data are useful for constructing phylogenies of ants. Beyond characterizing two additional Formica mitogenomes, this study also provided some key evolutionary insights into Formica.
Prevalence and associated factors of coexisting forms of malnutrition in children under 5 years age in a rural area of Cameroon
Authors: Tchuente Boris Ronald Tonou , Nguedjo Maxwell Wandji , Ngoumen Dany Joël Ngassa , De Wandji Grace Cynthia Fandio , Tene Mouafo Hippolyte , Tambe Betrand Ayuk , Medoua Gabriel Nama , Ndomo Tsamo Vigny
Published: June 2024

Background

Malnutrition of children under 5 years of age is persistent in Cameroon principally in rural areas. Moreover, there is limited knowledge of coexisting forms of malnutrition (CFM) among children of this age. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of CFM in a cohort of children under 5 years and to identify the associated factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Health Districts of the locality of Dschang in the West region of Cameroon between June 2021 to November 2021. Data were collected from 200 under-five children of both sexes and an interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered to consented children’s mothers/guardians. Malnutrition in children was assessed by WHO growth standards (weight-for-height, weight-for-age, height-for-age and body mass index-for-age). The different CFM were defined by the presence of two autonomous forms of malnutrition in the same child. Logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated to different coexisting forms of malnutrition.

Results

The results obtained showed prevalences of 4.20% for the coexistence of underweight with wasting, 7.8% for the coexistence of underweight with stunting and 14.8% for the coexistence of stunting with overweight. Lower maternal age (15–24 years old; OR = 0.09; p = 0.05) and lower education level (primary education, OR = 23.33; p = 0.00) were associated with the coexistence of underweight with wasting. Marital status (single mother, OR = 0.28; p = 0.00) was associated to the coexistence of stunting with overweight/obesity.

Conclusion

The findings of this study provide evidence on the coexistence of different forms of malnutrition among children below five years of age in rural area of Cameroon. These finding would guide future research, policies, and programs on the management of malnutrition in rural areas of Cameroon.
Does the selection of high-quality scenic spots promote the growth of tourism economy? evidence from China’s 5A-rated tourist attractions
Authors: Xu Qingyong , Cheng Xu , Zhao Hehua
Published: June 2024

To stimulate the regional tourism economy, local governments often seek to increase the number of 5A-rated tourist attractions. However, there have been few analyses examining the economic benefits and influence mechanisms of 5A-rated attraction selection. Using the quality signaling theory and data from 282 prefecture-level cities spanning 2002 to 2019, this study examines the impact of 5A-rated attraction selection on the local tourism economy with the difference-in-differences method. This study’s results demonstrate that the selection of 5A-rated attractions significantly contributes to the growth of the local tourism economy. The robustness test results confirm the validity of this conclusion. A mechanism analysis reveals that 5A-rated attractions positively impact the tourism economy via investments in infrastructure, popularization of informatization, and increased external openness. Furthermore, the study suggests that the effect of 5A-rated attractions is more pronounced in economically underdeveloped regions and low-level cities. The results of this study contribute to the sustainable development of China’s tourism economy and may provide guidance for the establishment of tourism evaluation systems in other international locations in order to foster economic growth.
Effectiveness of post-abortion care services to protect women’s fertility in China: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xin , Deng Mengcong , Zhu Yujia , Wu Shangchun , Mao Qunxia , Wang Hongwei
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of post-abortion care services in Chinese women who have undergone induced abortion.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in five databases from January 2011 to June 2023 (PROSPERO registration CRD42023440458). Estimates of intervention effects were represented as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to evaluate the strength of recommendations.

Results

The meta-analysis of 42 randomized controlled studies involving 70,126 participants indicated that post-abortion care services could significantly increase rate of effective contraceptive use (RR = 2.33, 95%CI = 1.80–3.00, 10 studies, GRADE (Medium)), reduce repeat abortion rate (RR = 0.26, 95%CI = 0.20–0.36, 19 studies, GRADE (High)), increase follow-up visit rate (RR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.06–1.75, 5 studies, GRADE (Very low)) in one year after abortions, and improve patient satisfaction rate (RR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.03–1.83, 9 studies, GRADE (High)).

Conclusion

Post-abortion care services could help increase the rate of continuation of post-abortion effective contraceptives, prevent repeat abortions, and promote female fertility. Exploring strategies for better provision of post-abortion services requires more high-quality research.
The prognostic significance of additional localized treatment to primary lesion in patients undergoing hormone therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yamada Yuta , Urabe Fumihiko , Kimura Shoji , Iwatani Kosuke , Kimura Naoki , Miki Jun , Kimura Takahiro , Kume Haruki
Published: June 2024

Background

We aimed to compare the prognostic values of ‘localized treatment to the primary lesion (LT) plus hormone therapy (HT)’ versus ‘HT alone’ in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).

Methods

We conducted a systematic search through the databases of PubMed®, Web of Science®, and Cochrane library® in April 2023 based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. A pooled meta-analysis was performed to assess the prognostic differences between LT + HT and HT alone according to randomized and non-randomized controlled studies (RCTs and NRCTs, respectively).

Results

The search identified three RCTs and eight NRCTs. In RCTs, LT did not show prognostic benefits regarding biochemical-failure free rate nor overall survival (OS), although in patients with low tumor burdens, the LT + HT group showed better OS (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54–0.86). In the NRCTs, the LT+HT group showed superior progression-free survival (hazard ratio (HR): 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21–0.87), cancer-specific survival (HR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.20–0.76), and OS (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.57–0.69) to the HT alone group. In addition, better OS was observed in the LT +HT group regardless of the type of treatment modality for LT; radical prostatectomy (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.39–0.69), radiotherapy (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.56–0.71) in NRCTs.

Conclusions

LT to the primary lesion in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer may provide prognostic benefits and especially in patients with low tumor burden.
Beyond fire: Flower production naturally occurs and is also influenced by leaf removal in a Neotropical savanna herb
Authors: Miranda Heloisa S. , Togni Pedro H. B. , Dantas-Junior Ademar B. , Munhoz Cassia B. R. , Sato Margarete N. , Franco Augusto C.
Published: June 2024

Several herbaceous species exhibit mass flowering after fires in Neotropical savannas. However, unequivocal evidence of fire dependency and the consequences for plant reproduction are lacking. In nutrient-poor fire-prone savannas, the damage caused by fire and by other means (e.g., leaf removal, but not necessarily having a negative impact) constrains the maintenance and expansion of plant population by affecting the ability of individuals to recover. Therefore, the compensatory responses of plants to both damages should be convergent in such environments. Using Bulbostylis paradoxa–reported to be fire-dependent to flower–as a model, we investigated the role of fire and leaf removal in anticipating the flowering and reproduction periods, and its possible consequences on seedling establishment. We monitored 70 burned individuals, 70 damaged/clipped, and 35 without damage to estimate time for flowering, seed quality and germination parameters. To expand our sampling coverage, we examined high-resolution images from herbarium collections in the SpeciesLink database. For each herbarium image, we recorded the presence or absence of a fire scar, the month of flowering, and the number of flowering stalks. Bulbostylis paradoxa was fire-stimulated but not dependent on fire to flower, with 65.7% of the individuals flowering in the burned area, 48.6% in the clipped, and 11.4% in the control. This was consistent with the analysis of the herbarium images in which 85.7% of the specimens with flowers had fire scars and 14.3% did not. Burned individuals synchronized flowering and produced more viable seeds. However, the seeds might face a period of unsuitable ecological conditions after early to mid-dry season fires. Flowering of unburned plants was synchronized with the onset of the rainy season. Flexibility in flowering and vegetative reproduction by fragmentation confer to this species, and most likely other plants from the herbaceous layer, the capability of site occupation and population persistence in burned and unburned savanna sites.
Analysis of lower limb muscle strength characteristics of amateur runners with patellofemoral pain: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Gangrui , Gu Zhongke , Wang Peixun , Qi Yuxuan , Dai Jiansong
Published: June 2024

To analyze the lower limb muscle strength characteristics of amateur runners with patellofemoral pain (PFP). Sixty amateur runners (30 in the knee pain group, 30 in the control group) underwent measurements of hip abduction strength, knee extension strength, and knee flexion strength. Additionally, the hamstring/quadriceps ratio and limb strength symmetry index were calculated for all participants. Statistical analyses were conducted using linear mixed models. The hip abduction and knee extensors strength of amateur runners with PFP was significantly lower than that of the control group. The hamstring/quadriceps ratio was significantly higher in the male knee pain group compared to the control group, while no significant difference was found between the female knee pain group and the control group. Furthermore, both the hip abduction strength symmetry index and knee extensors symmetry index were significantly lower in the knee pain group compared to the control group. Amateur runners with PFP exhibit distinct lower limb strength characteristics compared to non-knee pain runners. Additionally, differences in lower limb strength characteristics between male and female amateur runners with PFP were observed. These findings emphasize the importance of considering functional and gender differences in PFP rehabilitation training.
An investigation into waste handler’s knowledge of management of isolation waste: A case study of Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Moloisi Mmatlou Ouma , Onwubu Stanley Chibuzor
Published: June 2024

Background

The proper management of isolation waste is of utmost importance in healthcare facilities to prevent the spread of infections and protect both healthcare workers and the general public. This study investigated waste handlers’ knowledge of the management of isolation waste at Dr. George Mukhari Academic Hospital in Gauteng, South Africa.

Methods

A survey was conducted to assess waste handlers’ understanding of waste types, colour codes, safety precautions, and awareness of internal policies related to isolation waste management.

Results

The study found that the majority of waste handlers demonstrated a good understanding of waste types generated in the isolation unit, including sharps waste, human tissue waste, infectious waste, and general waste. They also correctly identified examples of sharp waste, such as injections, blades, glass slides, and needles. Additionally, most respondents were aware of the colour code used for representing infectious waste as "yellow" and "red." The study revealed a statistically significant association between waste handlers’ age and their knowledge of isolation waste, suggesting that age may influence their understanding of waste management practices. Furthermore, experience was found to be significantly associated with waste handlers’ knowledge of the health-hazardous nature of isolation waste. While the majority of waste handlers recognized the importance of wearing protective clothing and correctly marking isolation waste, some respondents were not aware of the internal policy for waste handling such as guidelines and protocols specific to the segregation, packaging, labeling, and disposal of waste generated within the isolation units.

Conclusion and contribution

These findings highlight the importance of continuous training, targeted education, and policy dissemination to ensure effective waste management and adherence to safety protocols among waste handlers.
IMD-mediated innate immune priming increases Drosophila survival and reduces pathogen transmission
Authors: Prakash Arun , Fenner Florence , Shit Biswajit , Salminen Tiina S. , Monteith Katy M. , Khan Imroze , Vale Pedro F.
Published: June 2024

Invertebrates lack the immune machinery underlying vertebrate-like acquired immunity. However, in many insects past infection by the same pathogen can ‘prime’ the immune response, resulting in improved survival upon reinfection. Here, we investigated the mechanistic basis and epidemiological consequences of innate immune priming in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster when infected with the gram-negative bacterial pathogen Providencia rettgeri. We find that priming in response to P. rettgeri infection is a long-lasting and sexually dimorphic response. We further explore the epidemiological consequences of immune priming and find it has the potential to curtail pathogen transmission by reducing pathogen shedding and spread. The enhanced survival of individuals previously exposed to a non-lethal bacterial inoculum coincided with a transient decrease in bacterial loads, and we provide strong evidence that the effect of priming requires the IMD-responsive antimicrobial-peptide Diptericin-B in the fat body. Further, we show that while Diptericin B is the main effector of bacterial clearance, it is not sufficient for immune priming, which requires regulation of IMD by peptidoglycan recognition proteins. This work underscores the plasticity and complexity of invertebrate responses to infection, providing novel experimental evidence for the effects of innate immune priming on population-level epidemiological outcomes.
Advancing art–science collaboration through a framework of play: What is the purpose of generating hand-drawn representations of technologically advanced, high-resolution image-data?
Authors: Berry-Frith Joanne
Published: June 2024

Today’s scientists depend on advanced imaging and microscopy techniques as scientifically accurate forms of representation and developments in advanced imaging and microscopy are altering how we perceive and comprehend images. The focus of this paper is a discussion of how images of scientific data are generated by artists in distinction to scientists. Since 2010, a central part of my drawing practice has involved contributing to advanced imaging and microscopy research projects. I wanted to discover if and how an artist-researcher can contribute to interdisciplinary approaches in advanced imaging and microscopy by working as one of the research team. I conducted research to find out how an artist-researcher might contribute to new interdisciplinary methods in advanced imaging and microscopy and introduced play as a disruptive concept to trigger a reactionary response to scientific method. Discussion centres on a collaboration at the University of Nottingham Medical School in the Department of Life Science which happened over several years. The drawings illustrate how non-standard visualization techniques complement biomedical data. In outline, I suggest artists should be given access to scientific labs and work with scientists as part of the team to break down disciplinary barriers, and to generate new understanding. This body of work aims to elevate drawings status as a meaningful contributor to cross-disciplinary collaboration.
Tudás? Miféle? Honnan, hogyan?
Authors: Balázs Éva
Published: June 2024

A kvalitatív, öt csoportban folytatott, interjúkra alapozott vizsgálat a 17-18 éves gimnazisták számára releváns tudásfogalmakat, ezek forrásait és a tudásszerzés módjait tárja fel. A fókuszcsoportos interjúkban részt vevők által vallott, a maguk közelgő önálló élete szempontjából érvényesnek és hasznosnak ítélt tudások (ismeretek, szkillek, az emberi együttéléshez szükséges attitűd- és viselkedésminták) egyaránt hordozzák a társadalmi környezet és aktuális közeg hatásait és a generáció jellemzőit. A legfontosabbnak tartott tudások a digitalizáció és az idegennyelv-ismeret, a társas kommunikáció és a valóságismeret. A tanulmány bemutatja a diákok véleményét ezek szerepéről, az elsajátítás folyamatáról és az abban részt vevőkről. A tudásforrások között külön elemzés tárgya az intézményes tudásátadás, illetve az iskola mai szerepe, különös tekintettel a covid-járvány okozta 2021-es online oktatás tapasztalataira.
Rózsa a holdudvaron A rózsa szimbolikája József Attila költészetében
Authors: Mrázik Julianna
Published: June 2024

A tanulmány József Attila egyes költeményeit a „rózsás” versein keresztül vizsgálja. Célja az, hogy a versek létrejöttét körülvevő életeseményeket és szentimentelemzést felhasználva egy, ez ideig egészében feltáratlan, kevéssé elemzett pályaívet rajzoljon meg. Az értelem és érzelmek kettősének kölcsönhatása, különösen a rózsa motívumán keresztül, mélyebb és másabb betekintést nyújt József Attila költészetébe. A tanulmány az elején bevezeti az olvasót a „rózsás” versek világába, majd fokozatosan mutatja be a versek és a költő életének összefüggéseit. A rózsa motívumát széles körben értelmezi, bemutatva annak szépséggel kapcsolatos, szenvedélyes és sebezhetőségi aspektusait, és azt, hogyan tükrözi e jelkép a költői életeseményeket és érzelmeket. Az életrajzi történések és versek közötti kapcsolatok folyamatosan kibontakoznak a tanulmány során. A szentimentanalízissel kiegészített ikonográfiai-ikonológiai stratégia egy olyan eljárás, amelynek segítségével információk nyerhetők az írott tartalmak emocionális töltetét illetően (Laki, 2022). Az alkalmazott szentimentelemzési metodológia segít a költői művek mélyebb megértésében és az érzelmi tartalmak feltárásában. A tanulmány emellett azonosítja, hogy József Attila rózsás versei nem csak a szépséget, szenvedélyt, hanem a sebezhetőséget és az ellenállást is kifejezik, s így a rózsa-motívum mentén az emberi élet számos aspektusát. Az írás összefűzi a költő személyes életét a művekkel, művelődéstörténeti adalékokkal, és mindezen keresztül bemutatja, hogyan jelennek meg az életesemények a költészetben, amint alkotói és befogadói szinten is gazdagítják a költői üzenetet.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN PRIORITY GEOSTRATEGIC TERRITORIES AS THE BASIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE
Authors: Polyanskaya Natalya M
Published: June 2024

The events taking place in the country and the world in recent years urge us to reflect, rethink the deformed pyramid of values that has become entrenched in our country, and reorient it towards a post-industrial society, where human capital and innovative development are recognized as the main wealth of the country. The quality of human capital, expressed in education, health, professionalism, life satisfaction, freedom of creative approach to their development, high labor productivity, is the main driving force for the development of science, technology, innovation and socio-economic growth in general. Without high-quality human capital, all ambitious government projects are ephemeral: there will simply be no one to implement them. It is high-quality human capital that creates the prerequisites for preserving and strengthening the socio-economic security of regions and countries. In recent years, the Russian regions have maintained a high migration decline in the population, the leakage of highly qualified personnel is increasing, poverty and property segregation are increasing, the nutritional structure is deteriorating, morbidity and crime are increasing, and in general, the standard of living of the population is decreasing. This can become a prerequisite for the growth of tension and instability in society. The Far Eastern Federal District has been recognized as a priority strategic territory of Russia, and it has been assigned the appropriate tasks to achieve advanced socio-economic development. The latter is possible only with the provision of high-quality human capital. The author tried to describe the relationship between the quality of human capital and the level of socio-economic security, analyzed the main parameters of the standard of living of the population of the Far Eastern regions, identified the main problems and identified conceptual directions for their solution. The article is of an overview and analytical nature, and may be of interest to both theoretical researchers and practical managers dealing with issues of human capital development and regulation of socio-economic processes
Los antropomorfismos y nombres de Dios en el Evangelio de Felipe
Authors: Alby Juan Carlos
Published: June 2024

El Evangelio de Felipe ocupa el tercer lugar en el Códice II de la Biblioteca de Nag Hammadi, compuesto por otros seis tratados que en orden cronológico se disponen de la siguiente manera: Apócrifo (libro secreto) de Juan (versión larga); Evangelio de Tomás; Hipóstasis de los arcontes; Sobre el origen del mundo (primera copia); Exposición sobre el alma y Libro de Tomás, el Atleta. El Evangelio de Felipe es el más “sacramental” de los evangelios gnósticos, ya que los cinco ritos principales: bautismo, unción, eucaristía, redención y cámara nupcial se mencionan de manera directa como componentes de un solo misterio. Sus descripciones están precedidas por antropomorfismos de Dios, tales como “tintorero” y “antropófago”, a la vez que por nombres asignados a las realidades divinas que encierran un sentido esotérico propio de la escuela valentiniana.
Las Achaica de Polibio (2.37-70). Expansión, lealtad y alianza con Roma
Authors: Moreno Leoni Álvaro M.
Published: June 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar las llamadas Achaica de Polibio (2.37-70). Se propone dejar de lado indemostrables hipótesis, tanto sobre una escritura independiente, como también con respecto a la supuesta inserción tardía e inorgánica de este texto en las Historias. En cambio, se busca relacionar las Achaica con la situación histórica en Grecia en ca. 150 a.C. a fin de entender la construcción discursiva de una imagen internacional de los aqueos fundada en una fama histórica de pístis y philanthropía como una respuesta del historiador aqueo a una situación amenazante contemporánea sobre la Confederación aquea por parte de Roma.
UV-C Enhances Phenolics Metabolism and the Production of the Related Bioactive Compounds in Green Chi-fah Chili (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Chi-fah Kiaw) Fruit
Authors: Noichinda Sompoch , Bodhipadma Kitti , Leung David W. M.
Published: June 2024

One of the fruit vegetables that is a favorite for consumers of spicy food worldwide is chili (Capsicum annuum). Thus, the external and internal quality attributes of harvested chili fruit, such as peel color and fruit antioxidants, are of interest for different cooking needs. UV-C is the shortest wavelength of ultraviolet radiation that can harm the living organisms. However, short-term exposure to this physical stress might have many advantages for crop species. This research studied the post-harvest effect of UV-C exposure for different times (0, 10, and 20 min) on the green fruit of Chi-fah chili. The results showed that the percentage of fruit with red peel color increased rapidly during storage after UV-C irradiation, especially in the 10-minute treatment 75% of fruit had red color after 6 days. UV-C treatment also promoted phenolic biosynthesis in green Chi-fah chili fruit as 10 and 20 min of UV-C exposure elevated phenolic contents in both the pulp and placenta with the maximum of 30 and 45 mg gallic acid/gFW, respectively. Exposure to 20 min of UV-C irradiation seemed to inhibit flavonoid production, whereas 10 min UV-C irradiation increased flavonoids in both the pulp and placenta (0.72 and 0.87 mg rutin/gFW, respectively). Of particular interest to the consumers, UV-C treatment could increase the capsaicin amount in green Chi-fah chili fruit. Only the fruit irradiated with UV-C for 10 min had the highest level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity in the pulp one day after storage, while the placenta had the highest level of PAL activity from day 1 to day 3. The 10 and 20 min UV-C irradiation led to the highest peroxidase (POD) activity in the pulp and the placenta, respectively. In conclusion, UV-C could be used to enhance the production of phenolics and related bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and capsaicin in green Chi-fah chili fruit during postharvest storage.
In Silico Antibacterial Activity of Polyacetilene Derivatives Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and In-Vitro Antioxidant Properties from Ethanol Extraction of Blackjack (Bidens pilosa L.)
Authors: Wicaksana Firman , Sofi Fadila , Rafly Mohammad
Published: June 2024

Blackjack (Bidens pilosa L.) has a bioactive compound, one of which is polyacetylene, which can inhibit the growth of antimicrobials in general. This study aims to conduct an in silico study to determine the antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis of 20 derivatives polyacetylene; TPC was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method using gallic acid as standard, and various concentrations of the extract solutions were measured at 741 nm. TFC was calculated using an aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. Quercetin was used as standard, and the absorbance was measured at 426 nm. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH scavenging 517 nm and Frap Assay 596 nm. The molecular docking results showed that the compounds (5-(2-Phenylethynyl)-2-b-glucosylmethyl-thiophene, Glucopyranosyloxy-3-hydroxy-6(E)-tetradecane-8,10,12-triyne and Phenylhexa-1,3,5-triyn-1-yl acetate were most potentially anti-tuberculosis on the target protein InhA with the binding energy produced <-6.55 Kcal/mol and the lowest inhibitory cost of 1.838×10-6. The compound has amino acids similar to natural ligands and standard compounds of isoniazid. The given ADME-T predictions showed good pharmacokinetic properties and safe levels of toxicity (5-(2-Phenylethynyl)-2-b-glucosylmethyl-thiophene, Glucopyranosyloxy-3-hydroxy-6(E)-tetradecane-8,10,12-triyne in hepatotoxic and LD50. The highest antioxidant properties in blackjack are produced by FRAP assay 722.905±7.985 mMTE/gr. This proves that blackjack has antioxidant activity and is required for bioassay-guided isolation testing against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Characterization of thymic architecture and lymphocyte populations in X-MAID due to an underlying pathogenic moesin mutation
Authors: Al Ghamdi Abdulrahman , Vong Linda , M. Roifman Chaim , Ngan Bo
Published: June 2024

Background: X-linked Moesin Associated Immunodeficiency (X-MAID) is a combined immunodeficiency caused by deficiency in the moesin protein. Moesin, which is encoded by the MSN gene, is part of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of transmembrane proteins that interact with the actin cytoskeleton and regulate the shape and migration of cells. Deficiency of moesin is associated with aberrant T cell migration and inadequate immune synapse formation, leading to significant immunodeficiency and recurrent infections. While the clinical presentation of X-MAID is diverse, to date, no thymus histopathology findings have been reported.

Aim: Describe the thymus histopathology of a patient with X-MAID.

Results: Our patient is a 10-year-old male who presented early in life with recurrent infections, dysmorphic features, and severe pulmonary venous stenosis which required a double lung transplant at the age of 4 years. Prior to transplant, he was referred to Immunology for assessment and was subsequently found to harbour a hemizygous variant in the MSN gene (c.278dupT; p.L93FfsX21). Thymus histopathology findings showed significant cortical atrophy and dysplasia and was accompanied by reduction in CD3+ cells in the cortex. Abnormally low numbers of suppressor T cells and T helper cells in the thymic cortex and medulla were noted.

Conclusion: Thymic findings in X-MAID can include cortical atrophy, dysplasia, and decreased cellularity. This provides further evidence for the importance of moesin on T cell development and migration in the thymus.

Statement of novelty: Description of thymus histopathology in a patient with X-MAID.
Generalized derivation on semiprime and prime Banach algebras
Authors: Koç Sögütcü Emine
Published: June 2024

In this study, the commutativity conditions with generalized derivations, which have not been examined before, are discussed.
Under these conditions, the subject of generalized derivations in (semi)prime Banach algebras is studied.
New fundamental results will be provided for researchers in this field and generalize some of the results found in the literature.
The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree: is there a connection between the body mass indexes of adolescents and their parents?
Authors: Tazeoglu Aybala , Ergul Yasemin
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Adolescent cases suffering from obesity tend to increase in middle-income countries. This study focused on the relationship between adolescent obesity and parents body mass index (BMI) and the variables of satisfaction, diet implementation and sports promotion.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents living in the Mediterranean region (n=522, evaluated n=488). Anthropometric measurements were taken by expert researchers and data were collected using face-to-face survey technique.

Results

The average BMI of the adolescents and parents’ was found to be above normal values. In adolescents, there was a positive and very good correlation with maternal BMI (r=0.711, p<0.01), a positive and moderate correlation with paternal BMI (r=0.512, p<0.01); In girl adolescents, it was positively and very well with maternal BMI (r=0.731, p<0.01), positively and moderately with father BMI (r=0.549, p<0.01); In boy adolescents, a positive and good correlation was found with maternal BMI (r=0.698, p<0.01), and a positive and moderate correlation with paternal BMI (r=0.459, p<0.01). In the analyzes comparing those who thought obesity threatened them (group 1) and those who did not think it threatened them (group 2), there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of BMI distribution, satisfaction with body weight, diet program implementation, diet recommendation by the family and sports encouragement (p<0, 05).

Conclusions

In a cross-sectional perspective paternal obesity is also significant in adolescents and the correlation with maternal obesity is relatively more effective. Also includes evidence of individual efforts and parental contribution in adolescents who see obesity as a threat.
The false tiger of almond, Monosteira unicostata (Hemiptera: Tingidae): Biology, ecology, and control methods
Authors: Bouali Zakaria , Assouguem Amine , Joutei Abdelmalek Boutaleb , Ullah Riaz , Alqahtani Ali S. , Lahlali Rachid
Published: June 2024

The almond tree, following the olive tree, holds the distinction of being the fruit species occupying the largest area in Morocco, spanning 128,000 ha and hosting 16 million trees. This sector holds immense socio-economic significance both nationally and globally. Despite its prominence, the almond tree faces severe phytosanitary challenges, prominently among them, the False tiger bug of the almond tree, Monosteira unicostata (Mulsant & Rey [Hemiptera: Tingidae]). This polyphagous, sedentary, and gregarious hemipteran, boasting five larval instars and typically generating four generations annually, exhibits a life cycle duration ranging from 2 to 3 months contingent on the season. This pest inflicts notable harm on almond tree leaves by extracting their chlorophyll content through its piercing mouthparts and depositing excrement, impeding respiratory function and adversely impacting fruit development, maturation, and overall production. Diverse control strategies have been implemented to tackle this issue, commencing with prophylaxis involving resistant varieties and sound agricultural practices. Subsequently, biological control methods leveraging natural enemies such as Piocoris luridus and species from families including Coccinellidae, Anthocoridae, Lygaeidae, Miridae, and Nabidae have been employed. Plant-based biopesticides such as azadirachtin (Azadirachta indica), thyme oil (Thymus zygis), Jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas), and concentrated extracts of Artemisia absinthium, as well as mineral-based approaches involving treated kaolin sprays through particle film technology, contribute to the arsenal of control measures. In cases of severe infestations, synthetic active ingredients such as organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, abamectin, and deltamethrin, among others, have proven efficacy in managing this pest.
Against the Nudity in Art: Eliasian Reading of National Conservative Catholic Habitus
Authors: Laddach Agnieszka
Published: June 2024

The Cleaner Marina Abramović Retrospective Exhibition in the Centre of Contemporary Art in Toruń, Poland, sparked much protest. This article analyses the protesters’ attitudes to capture their habitus. The analysis employs Norbert Elias’ sociological theory on national habitus. Demonstrations of protest invite interpretations of the peculiar national conservative Catholic habitus that – in the light of my study – stems in Poland from selective post-Tridentine pre-Vatican II Catholic magisterial thought and a sociopolitical historiography of traditional Polish culture. I recognise that the aim of the national conservative Catholics is to preserve a specific kind of Polish culture based on its early-modern image: strong state influenced by the Catholic Church in both policy and culture, with the accompanying theology of art taken from the Tridentine Council and the post-Tridentine debate. As a result, the national conservative Catholics invest much energy in remembrance politics and historical politics. I conclude that this habitus requires theological and religious reworking of national conservative Catholics’ understanding of the term “catholic.”
Handlungsspielräume deutscher Sicherheitspolitik nach Russlands Angriff auf die Ukraine 2022
Authors: Jäger Thomas
Published: June 2024

Deutschland muss seinen außen- und sicherheitspolitischen Handlungsspielraum in einer gebrochen bipolaren internationalen Ordnung ausgestalten. Dabei gibt die EU den Rahmen ab, weil sie die europäische Staatenordnung prägt. Sie hebt das Bemühen der einzelnen Staaten aber nicht auf, denn sie garantiert keine Sicherheit. Russland entwickelt sich zur langfristigen Bedrohung, weil innere und äußere Entwicklungen gleichermaßen auf Gewalt gerichtet sind. Die USA kämpfen gleichzeitig in drei Regionen um die Stabilisierung der Ordnung: in Europa, im Pazifik und im Mittleren Osten. Europa hat dabei nicht viel zu bieten. Das amerikanische Interesse zu verhindern, dass China Eurasien beherrscht, ist die Chance von Deutschland und der EU, Demokratie, Sicherheit und Wohlstand zu bewahren.
Die „Zeitenwende“ und die Suche nach einem Paradigma für die postliberale internationale Ordnung
Authors: Horlohe Thomas
Published: June 2024

Als Staats- und Regierungsform ist die liberale Demokratie bereits seit einiger Zeit herausgefordert, von innen und von außen. Russlands Überfall auf die Ukraine wurde vom Niedergang der liberalen internationalen Ordnung und von der Schwäche ihrer Führungsmacht USA ermuntert. Vor diesem Hintergrund weckte die von Bundeskanzler Olaf Scholz am 27. Februar 2022 verkündete „Zeitenwende“ große Erwartungen. Sie schien als Paradigma für die postliberale Weltordnung geeignet, zumal der Kanzler sie kurz darauf zu einer „Global Zeitenwende“ ausbaute. Unglücklicherweise wird sie ihnen jedoch nicht gerecht. Die Herausforderung besteht nicht darin, eine künftige multipolare Weltordnung zu steuern und der EU darin einen der vorderen Plätze zu sichern. Das drängende Problem besteht vielmehr in dem sich entwickelnden weltumspannenden Systemkonflikt zwischen revisionistisch orientierten Autokratien und Demokratien, die eine regelbasierte internationale Ordnung aufrechterhalten wollen. Der historische Vergleich mit der Zwanzigjährigen Krise von 1919 bis 1939 legt nahe, dass es dazu eines „demokratischen Antirevisionismus“ bedarf.
Zermürbung durch Mehrfrontendruck: Wie die Achse der Autokratien die westliche Allianz in die Knie zwingen will
Authors: Herold Heiko
Published: June 2024

In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich eine Achse der Autokratien gebildet, die alles daransetzt, die liberale Weltordnung sukzessive zu unterminieren und sie zu zerstören. Die treibenden Kräfte sind Russland, China, der Iran und Nordkorea. Bei der Achse der Autokratien handelt es sich nicht um ein formelles Bündnis, sondern um eine Zweckgemeinschaft autoritär regierter Staaten, die mit der globalen Hegemonialmacht USA ein gemeinsames Feindbild haben, eine revisionistische Außenpolitik betreiben und die Weltordnung in ihrem Sinne umgestalten wollen. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Strategie Russlands und seiner Verbündeten, auf allen Kontinenten Konflikte koordiniert und opportunistisch zu eskalieren, um die westlichen Staaten, allen voran die USA, durch Mehrfrontendruck globalpolitisch zu überfordern und strategisch zu schwächen. Offenbar scheinen die Strategen in Moskau darauf zu setzen, dass die westliche Aufmerksamkeit und Unterstützung für die Ukraine nachlassen wird, sobald der Westen nicht mehr in der Lage sein wird, die multiplen Krisen, Konflikte und Kriege, die von der Achse der Autokratien geschürt werden, in den Griff zu bekommen. Der Beitrag widmet sich sowohl den globalen Brennpunkten, die in den zurückliegenden Monaten im Rahmen dieser Strategie angeheizt wurden, als auch jenen, die schon bald angeheizt werden könnten.
Unusual behavior in thermodynamical properties of chitosan-lanthanide oxide composites: competition between the size and mass
Authors: Jesuraj Kabiriyel , Ramasamy Jeyanthi , Jeyabal Sophia , Samu Shahabuddin Naina Mohammed , Amalraj Jacquline Regina Mary , Pandian Karthikeyan Manimozhi , Karuppasamy Radhidevi , Thangarajan Sarveswaran , Chinnan Raja Mohan
Published: June 2024

The objective of this investigation is to explore how doping chitosan (Chi) with different lanthanide oxides (LnO) such as cerium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, and holmium oxides affects its thermodynamic properties. Especially the effect of lanthanide contraction which is the competition between mass and size has been investigated and reported. The investigation describes a method for calculating various physical properties of a Chi-LnO composite material based on experimental values of refractive index, density, viscosity, and ultrasonic velocity concerning the mass and size of the LnO doped with chitosan. These properties play crucial roles in understanding the behavior and characteristics of composite materials. The process involves deriving the physical properties such as dielectric constant, intermolecular free path length, relaxation time, ultrasonic attenuation, relative association, surface tension, Gibbs free energy and non-linearity parameters are calculated from the experimental value of the refractive index, density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity properties from the given experimental data and results are discussed in a detailed manner.
Understanding the Interplay Between ICD-11 Complex PTSD and Personality Disorder Features in Relation to Traumatic Life Events in a Trauma-Exposed Community Sample
Authors: Jowett Sally , Hyland Philip , Hansen Maj , Bach Bo
Published: June 2024

In the ICD-11, PD and CPTSD overlap in impaired aspects of self- and interpersonal functioning, with implications for assessment and treatment. This article aimed to explore the relationship between CPTSD and PD features. A trauma-exposed community sample in Denmark (N = 470) completed the ITQ, PDS-ICD-11, and BTQ. Data were analyzed using exploratory structural equation modeling. Both two- and three-factor models were viable. In the two-factor model, both disturbances in self-organization (DSO) and PD items belonged to the same disturbed self-interpersonal functioning factor. Both factors predicted quality of life and functioning and were predicted by number of life events. In the three-factor model (PTSD, DSO, and PD), there was some overlap between DSO and PD items. Number of life events predicted belonging to the PTSD and DSO classes but not the PD class. The findings demonstrate clear overlapping and differentiating features. Multiple traumas and functioning in self-concept and relationships appear to differentiate.