bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF FEED ADDITIVE BAFASAL IN POULTRY
Authors: Kushnir I. M. , Semen I. S. , Murska S. D. , Kolodiy G.. V.
Published: August 2020

Todays is not possible to overcam the problem of the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics by the development of new antimicrobial agents. Because the new drugs development is quite long process, and the addiction of microorganisms to the antibiotics occurs very fast, in resulting microorganisms become resistant. Prospective direction in solving the problem of antibiotic resistance is the use of bacteriophages, which lytically acting on the pathogens, not causing any toxic effect on the macroorganism.

In the article highlight the use of the feed additive Bafasal, which was made on the basis of a specific bacteriophage to serovars of Salmonella, in particular S. enteritidis, S. typhi, S. paratyphi, S. typhimurium, S. branderburg, S. hadar. Poultry of the experimental group were used Bafasal from 1 to 14 days of the experiment, from the calculation on 10 chickens - 50 cm3 of feed additive dissolved to 0,5 % concentration, and from 15 to 35 days - 100 cm3 of Bafasal dissolved to 0,25 % concentration. As a result in the conducted researches was found out that Bafasal causes an increase of weight gain of broilers, feed conversion. In particular, on the 35th day of the experiment, the average daily weight gain of the chickens of the experimental group was on 4,5 % higher than in broilers of the control group, and the conversion of feed in the experimental and control chicken was 1.74 and 1.93 units, respectively. Herewith, in broilers of the control group were not isolated pathogenic microorganisms, including salmonella. In determining the influence of the feed additive on some representatives of the intestinal flora of broilers was found that, the use of feed additive didnt cause changes in total amount lactic acid and bifidobacteria, in broiler of test and control groups, in the glandular, muscular stomach, duodenum, cecum and colon.
FEATURES OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF UTERINE ABSCESS IN COWS
Authors: Sachuk R. M. , Stravsky Ya. S. , Katsaraba O. A. , Horiuk V. V. , Zhyhalyuk S. V.
Published: August 2020

Uterine abscess in cows is nowadays insufficiently researched and enlightened problem of veterinary obstetrics and needs more detailed study in terms of diagnostics, causes, clinical manifestation and development of effective treatments.

The purpose of the work was a comprehensive diagnosis, study of the etiology, clinical manifestation and effectiveness of treatment of uterine abscess in cows.

Complex diagnostics included clinical and ultrasound examinations and microbiological studies. Clinical diagnosis was based on anamnesis, examination, palpation, evaluation of the nature of genital discharge. Ultrasound used a modern KX5200 Kaixin scanner for cattle. Microbiologically, the microflora of the contained abscess was investigated and, according to conventional methods, the sensitivity of the microorganisms to the preparations was determined.

Some etiologic factors of cow uterine abscess are presented in the paper, including inappropriate obstetric intervention in obstetric care, infection in the birth canal after incorrect treatment, some consequences of various kinds of trauma in childbirth. The clinical picture and symptomatology of the disease are revealed. It is noted that the pathology is manifested by symptoms of endometritis, occurs with fever, frequent pulse and is characterized by a worsening of the general condition. Ultrasound is the most commonly diagnosed abscess localized at the point of transition of the cervix to the body. Rectal examination showed significant uterine enlargement and tenderness to the touch, especially at the site of abscess formation. According to the results of microbiological studies, the most effective in the spectrum of action was the drug for intrauterine administration of «Ceftiozol», based on ceftiofur hydrochloride, with the addition of lactic acid, diamond green, benzalkonium chloride and dimethyl sulfoxide, which is recommended as a treatment system for the first treatment. In addition, the treatment scheme used drugs «Enzaprost», «Uterodev» and «Retinol-250». The therapeutic efficacy of the proposed treatment protocol was proved with 83.3%, which was confirmed by the results of rectal and ultrasound examination of the uterus. Accordingly, after synchronization of sexual hunting, 10 cows were successfully inseminated, as evidenced by calving on the 30th day. The following examples of manifestations of uterine abscess in cows, clearly demonstrate the need for timely diagnosis and rational treatment of postpartum endometritis.

In the future, it is planned to develop a comprehensive scheme for the prevention of postpartum pathology of cows with the use of aerosols «Yodozol» and «Tseftiozol», and to establish its therapeutic efficiency based on blood biochemical parameters.
INTENSITY OF LIPID PEROXIDAL OXIDATION PROCESSES IN RATS' BLOOD AT CONTINUOUS CADMIUM AND LEAD LOAD
Authors: Slobodian S. O. , Gutyj B. V.
Published: August 2020

Lead and Cadmium are attributed to thiol poisons due to their ability to bind to SH groups of proteins. The aim of the study was to study the effect of Cadmium and Lead salts on the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the blood of rats. The experiments were performed on male rats of the Wistar line, weighing 200–220 g, from which 4 groups of animals were formed: control and 3 experimental groups. Control rats were administered drinking water through a metal probe in a volume equivalent to the volume of aqueous solution of Cd2 + and Pb2 + salts. The animals of the first experimental group were administered a 0.029% aqueous solution of cadmium chloride at a dose of 4.0 mg / kg. Animals of the second experimental group were administered a 16.6% aqueous solution of lead acetate at a dose of 200 mg / kg. Animals of the third experimental group were administered 16.6% aqueous lead acetate solution at a dose of 100 mg / kg and 0.029% aqueous cadmium chloride solution at a dose of 2.0 mg / kg.

The administration of cadmium chloride and lead acetate to the body leads to the accumulation in the blood of rats of the experimental groups of both intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation. A significant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation products was observed in the blood of rats of all three study groups from the first day of the experiment. With cadmium and lead combined, rats were found to have the highest levels of diene conjugates and TBA-active products compared to the first and second experimental groups. On the 28th day of the experiment, the level of lipid peroxidation oxidation products in the blood of rats of the third experimental group increased by 76.1%, and the level of TBA-active products - by 38.4% relative to the control group. These changes in the level of lipid peroxidation products indicate an increase in the intensity of radical formation processes. Peroxide oxidation forms, at almost all stages of its course, a number of products that result from the interaction of free radicals with each other and with biological macromolecules.

The investigations made it possible to reveal the pathogenesis of Cadmium and Lead toxic effects on the rat organism more deeply and to use these data in the development of antidote for cadmium-lead intoxication.
ASPECTS OF IMMUNIZATION OF BIRDS BY CULTURAL VACCINES AGAINST DISEASES FOWL POX
Authors: Yusifova K. Y.
Published: August 2020

A serious problem for the development of industrial avian diseases is the emergence of viral diseases, in particular fowl pox virus. Improvement of dysfunctional farms for fowl pox, elimination of foci of pathogens are the most difficult problems facing modern veterinary science and practice. Outbreaks in poultry farms, leading to the need for veterinary and sanitary measures, are a way to protect the poultry from infection on the farm, which is very expensive. In recent years, attempts have been made to improve the means for specific prophylaxis of avian fowl pox diseases. This article describes the widespread use of the cultural vaccine in poultry farming, notes the promise of a cultured cell system, quail embryos, characteristic of economy, the absence of extraneous contaminants, the stability of biological properties, which facilitates the work with them, and is of no small importance in the production of vaccines.

The article describes the analysis of the possible cultivation of the strain "Baku".

It is also shown that embryos of Japanese origin are more convenient and advantageous tissues for the cultural production of primary cell systems, as well as for biological mass, vaccine production, simplicity, economy, lack of extraneous contaminants and biological properties. It is shown that the culture of the cells of Japanese quail embryos is a promising system for creating highly immunogenic agents that provide special protection against diseases lacking extraneous contaminants and stable biological properties.
Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik dan Perilaku Makan dengan Status Gizi Pelajar Sekolah Dasar Islam Al-Falaah Ciputat
Authors: Romadhoni Siti Tiara , Sumbayak Erma Mexcorry , Dewajanthi Anna Maria
Published: August 2020

Masalah gizi pada anak perlu mendapat perhatian karena pengaruhnya yang besar terhadap tumbuh kembang anak. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi status gizi antara lain aktivitas fisik, asupan energi yang berlebihan dan pengeluaran energi yang tidak seimbang yang menyebabkan kelebihan berat badan. Selain aktivitas fisik, perilaku makan turut berperan dalam terjadinya masalah gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan aktivitas fisik dan perilaku makan dengan status gizi pada anak sekolah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan simple random sampling. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 96 siswa sekolah SDI Al-Falaah Ciputat (usia 9-12 tahun). Kuesioner Baecke Physical Activities dan Child Eating Behavior yang telah divalidasi digunakan untuk pengumpulan data. Analisis bivariat digunakan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variabel bebas (aktivitas fisik dan perilaku makan) terhadap variabel terikat (status gizi). Hasil penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat korelasi positif antara aktivitas fisik dan status gizi. Siswa dengan aktivitas fisik rendah memiliki status gizi di atas normal. Siswa penghindar makanan cenderung memiliki status gizi yang lebih rendah, sedangkan siswa penyuka makanan berstatus obesitas. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan aktivitas fisik dan perilaku makan terhadap status gizi anak SD Islam Al-Falaah Ciputat.
Hubungan Berat Badan dengan Kualitas Tidur pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana Angkatan 2016
Authors: Hasan Mohamad Naim Bin , William William , Rumiati Flora
Published: August 2020

Kelebihan berat badan merupakan faktor independen yang berkontribusi terhadap kualitas tidur yang buruk. Sleep apnea merupakan timbulnya episode abnormal pada frekuensi napas yang berhubungan dengan penyempitan saluran napas atas pada saat tidur. Sleep apnea dapat berupa henti napas (apnea) atau menurunnya ventilasi yang akan menyebabkan gangguan bernapas saat tidur. Semakin besar nilai Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) atau bertambahnya berat badan, kemungkinan untuk mengalami Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) semakin tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara IMT dengan kualitas tidur pada mahasiswa kedokteran angkatan 2016 FKIK Ukrida. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian cross sectional dengan menggunakan studi komparatif, yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan antara IMT dengan kualitas tidur pada mahasiswa golongan berat badan lebih dan berat badan normal. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Sebanyak  88 responden berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini, terdiri dari 44 mahasiswa yang mempunyai berat badan normal dan 44 mahasiswa yang mempunyai berat badan lebih. Responden mengisi kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).   Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 64 responden (72,7%) mempunyai kualitas tidur buruk, dan 24 responden (27,3%) memiliki kualitas tidur yang baik, serta durasi tidur terbanyak adalah < 6 jam.  Berdasarkan uji Chi-Square, disimpulkan adanya hubungan antara berat badan dengan kualitas tidur (p = 0,000, p < 0,05) pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran angkatan 2016 FKIK Ukrida.
ANALISA SWOT PADA PENGUATAN KELOMPOK TANI SAYUR ORGANIK
Authors: Nur Fauzi  , Suswadi  , K. Prasetyowati
Published: August 2020

Nur Fauzi, B0216023. 2020. Argoayuningtani Farmer Group Development Strategy in Organic Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Farming in Senden Village, Selo District, Boyolali Regency. Skripsi.Supervisor I Ir. Sutarno, M.Si, Supervisor II Ir. Suswadi, M.Si., Agribusiness Study Program, Bachelor, Tunas Pembangunan University of Surakarta.

An organization must have a careful planning and strategy. Strategy is very influential on organizational development. This study aims to determine the internal and external factors that influence the development of Argoayuningtani farmer groups in organic tomato farming. Method   research that is used is the analysis of SWOT to identify factors internal and external are then analyzed using matrix IFE, EFE, SWOT, IE, and QSP.The results of the study based on the analysis of the IFE matrix get the main strengths that are according to SOP/ GAP/ GHP and good quality Human Resources of members with a score of 0.268,while the main weakness is having a planting plan but not yet implementing it with a score of 0.118 and obtaining a total score of 2.941 means that the Argoayuningtani farmer group has a strong internal position. Based on the EFE matrix analysis, the main opportunity is the active role of the instructor with a weight score of 0.352 while the main threat is land adjacent to conventional land with a score of 0.252 and a total score of 3.021 means that the external position of the farmer group is above average. In IE matrix analysis Argoayuningtani farmer group is in cell II which means that Argoyuningtani farmer group is in a position of growing and developing. Whereas based on QSP matrix analysis, it is found that the priority of development strategies that can be applied in the Argoayuningtani farmer group is to improve human resource skills to realize the goals with the highest STAS value of 6.20.
UJI EFIKASI EKSTRAK DAUN MAHONI (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jaqc.) TERHADAP HAMA ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura F.) DAN HASIL TANAMAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Endang Suprapti  , Dwi Susilo Utami  , Tyas Soemarah K.D  , Haryuni
Published: August 2020

Indonesia has a huge, biological resources as a plant which can be used as a pesticide natural mahogany. The plant pesticide vegetable is pesticide, plant are based with the active ingredient and control of organism. Obstacles in cultivation of plant peanuts is Spodoptera litura F. pest attacks. Which result in a decrease in productivity and seeds being broken. The  purpose of  this  evaluation  to  understand  the  influence  of  extract mahogany leaves and  intensity of attacks against the  percentage caterpillar  in plants peanut , to know intervals of time the application of appropriate to reduce the percentage of and intensity of pest attacks , and to know the influence of the interaction of concentration and intervals of time application extract mahogany leaves. This research in a random complete the group consisting of two factors.The first concentration extract leaves mahogany and the second factor intervals of time application .But the research referred to as follows 1 ) the first , the extract leaves mahogany (A) : A0: 0 % (control),  A1 : 8% , A2 : 10%, A3: 12% , 2) factors second , the time interval application (B): B1: every day once upon 3 , B2 : every day once upon 5, B3 : every day once upon 7. Every treatment repeated 3 times. The results of the study show concentration extract leaves mahogany to reduce caterpillar grayak pest  attacks   .Extract  leaves  mahogany with  intervals of time the application  had an influence on the percentage and intensity of pest attacks caterpillar and influential on the parameter the  results  of  .The  percentage  of  highest  attack  A0B3   38,05  %  the  lowest percentage A3B1  3,91 % as much as . For the intensity of the attack highest A0B3 25,77 % and the lowest A3B1 13,76 % as much as .The results of fresh pods peanut the highest A3B1  (6,0608 t /ha) and the lowest A1B3  with the results of (0,5431 t /ha).
ANTONIO DIAS: CAMPOS DO DESEJO NO ESPAÇO PÚBLICO DA ARTE / Antonio Dias: desire’s fields in the public space of art
Authors: Torres Fernanda Lopes
Published: August 2020

Uma relação entre arte e política parece constante na trajetória de Antonio Dias. Dos desenhos e quadros-objetos dos anos sessenta à densa materialidade das pinturas de campo de cor dos anos noventa e dois mil, passando pelas telas diagramadas dos anos setenta, esses trabalhos apresentam um domínio da escala coerente com o entendimento da arte como ação no espaço público. Reconhecemos na experiência de fabricação artesanal de papel no Nepal a efetiva vivência do trabalho como passagem para a esfera dessa ação, que é eminentemente política. O cosmopolita Dias deseja participar de fato do mundo em comum partilhado pelos homens, quer afirmar sua singularidade ao outro, e bem sabe que esta somente pode se manifestar através de ação na esfera pública.Palavras-chave: Arte contemporânea; Espaço público; Antonio Dias.AbstractA relation between art and politics seems constant in Antonio Dias’ artistic trajectory. From the drawings and picture-objects of the sixties to the dense materiality of the paintings of the nineties, and also in the diagrammed screens of the seventies, these works present a mastery of scale that is coherent with the understanding of art as an action in the public space. We acknowledge in the experience of handmade paper manufacturing in Nepal the effective experience of the intererference of art in society. The artist wishes that his ouvre actually take part in the common world shared by men, he wants to assert there his singularity, and he knows that this could just be manifested through action in the public sphere.Keywords: Contemporary art; Public space; Antonio Dias.
CEMFLORES: POÉTICAS POLÍTICAS EM BELO HORIZONTE NOS ANOS OITENTA / Cemflores: political poetics in Belo Horizonte in the eighties
Authors: Albinati Clara
Published: August 2020

O artigo traça uma trajetória do grupo Cemflores, a partir do contato crítico-afetivo com o arquivo do poeta Marcelo Dolabela, quem guardou por mais de quarenta anos os restos dessa memória. Formado por “trabalhadores em arte”, como se denominaram, Cemflores surge no seio do Movimento Estudantil – quase todos seus integrantes eram estudantes da UFMG – e atuou no cenário da contracultura em Belo Horizonte, nos anos oitenta, período marcado pelo processo de redemocratização. Buscaram repensar a práxis das esquerdas, através da realização de ações poéticas. Publicam revistas e dezenas de livrinhos em mimeógrafo, distribuem poesia em greves e atos pela anistia, realizam recitais, exposições de arte postal e experiências sonoras que culminam na criação das bandas de estilo pós-punk Sexo Explícito, Divergência Socialista e O Último Número.Palavras-chave: Cemflores; Marcelo Dolabela; Arte e política; Poesia marginal; Arte postal.AbstractThe article traces the Cemflores group’s path, based on the critical-affective contact with the poet Marcelo Dolabela’s archive, who kept the remains of that memory for more than forty years. Formed by, as they called themselves, “workers in art”, Cemflores appears within the Student Movement and they acted in the counterculture scenario in Belo Horizonte, in the 1980s, a period marked by the process of Brazil’s redemocratization. They sought to rethink the praxis of the left-wing tendencies, through the performance of poetic actions. They published magazines and dozens of booklets made in mimeograph, distributed poetry in strikes and acts for Amnesty, held recitals, mail art exhibitions and sound experiences that culminated in the creation of the post-punk style bands Sexo Explícito, Divergência Socialista and O Último Número.Keywords: Cemflores; Marcelo Dolabela; Art and politics; Marginal poetry; Mail art.
Self-Emulsifying Delivery Systems for Poorly Absorbed Drugs
Authors: Patel Jayvadan , Shah Anand
Published: August 2020

Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) are a type of emulsion that have received particular attention in recent years as a means of enhancing oral bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs. These systems are ideally isotropic mixture of oil and surfactant (sometimes co-surfactant are added) that form emulsions on mixing with water with little or no energy input. Hydrophobic drugs are dissolved in SEDDS. After administering the drug by this system, emulsion is formed in the GIT by selfemulsification. Generally by this process bioavailability of the drug is increased and quantity required to exert desired effect is decreased. Oil surfactant ratio, amount of surfactant, type of surfactant, nature of oil affect the process of emulsification. In the emulsification process water penetrates into the oil water interface, leading to the formation of liquid crystalline phase, resulting in swelling at the interface. Generally, SEDDS are formed with triglyceride oils and nonionic surfactant. In the GIT, during the digestion of fat, drugs are getting released and lead to increase the absorption of drug by dissolution or by particle charges which increase the bioavailability. Some latest related to SEDDS is described in this review.
Preparation, Optimization and Characterization of Ketoprofen Proniosomes for Transdermal Delivery
Authors: B Solanki Ajay , R Parikh Jolly , H Parikh Rajesh
Published: August 2020

The aim of the present study was to prepare, optimize and characterize ketoprofen proniosomes. The niosomes were prepared using a slurry method followed by in vitro evaluation after embedding the proniosomes-derived niosomes into a carbopol matrix. A central, composite Box-Wilson design was used for the optimization with the total lipid concentration (X1), surfactant loading (X2) and amount of drug (X3) as the independent variables. Prepared proniosomes were characterized for percentage drug entrapment (PDE) and mean volume diameter (MVD). Multiple regression analysis and contour plots were used to relate the dependent and independent variables. Checkpoint batches were also prepared to prove the validity of the evolved mathematical model and contour plots. The optimization model predicted the levels of X1, X2 and X3 (-1, -0.3 and 0.92, respectively), for a maximized response of PDE with constraints of £ 5 mm on MVD. Optimized batch was used to prepare a niosomal gel, which showed significantly higher cumulative amount of drug permeated and steady state transdermal flux compared to plain gel. This work has demonstrated the use of the central composite Box-Wilson design, regression analysis, and contour plots in optimizing ketoprofen proniosomes. Developed niosomal gel formulation has also demonstrated permeation enhancement of ketoprofen compared to plain gel.
Development and In vitro Evaluation of Sustained Release Matrix Tablets of Theophylline using Hydrophilic Polymer as Release Retardant
Authors: Venkatesh D. Nagasamy , N. Jawahar , G.N.K. Ganesh , Kumar R. Suresh , V. Senthil , M.K. Samanta , S. Sankar , K. Elango
Published: August 2020

In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to increase therapeutic efficacy, reduce frequency of administration and improve patient compliance by developing sustained release matrix tablets of theophylline. Sustained release matrix tablets of theophylline were developed by using drug and different concentrations of polymer such as 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) was used as a matrix material and microcrystalline cellulose as diluent. All the lubricated formulations were compressed using 10 mm flat faced punches. Compressed tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, drug content, friability, hardness, thickness, in vitro dissolution and swelling index. All the formulations were found to be within pharmacopoeial standards. Among the different formulations, F1 showed sustained release of drug for 12 h with 84.23% release. The effect of release modifier (PEG 6000) on in vitro drug release was also studied. Thus, HPMC can be used as an effective matrix former, to extend the release of theophylline
Erythrocytes as Carriers of Indinavir: Preparation, Characterization, In vitro and In vivo Pharmacokinetic Evaluation in Rats
Authors: D. V. R. N. Bhikshapathi , A Shiva Krishna , M Ramesh , G Suresh , S Jyothi Sri
Published: August 2020

Indinavir is a protease inhibitor of the human immuno-deficiency virus. Indinavir is commercially available as capsule of 200 mg and 400 mg. Adult dose is 800 mg every 8 h. i.e., 2400 mg per day is equivalent to 6 capsules per day. No other dosage form is available in the market. Sustained release dosage form of indinavir can produce maximum therapeutic effect with minimum side effects and achieve better patient compliance. Various carriers have  been used for the drug targeting among which cellular carriers such as erythrocytes offer greater potential advantages than other system.  The drug is never free in circulation thus reducing toxicity and the drug half-life in circulation increases thus kinetic patterns. Antiretroviral-loaded erythrocytes offer a promising therapy against HIV owing to their potential to deliver this kind of drugs to macrophages and reticulo-endothelial (RES) tissues. The aim of the present investigation was to develop and optimize antiretroviral indinavir encapsulated in rat erythrocytes. In this study, the encapsulation of indinavir by rat erythrocytes prepared and compared with indinavir dissolved in normal saline. The prepared formulations were administered to rats by intravenous route and plasma samples was analysed by LC-MS/MS technique. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using Win-nonlin software. The prepared indinavir loaded erythrocytes showed enhanced bioavailability in equal dose due to higher extent of absorption owing to its retention in erythrocytes and releasing the drug slowly. Indinavir demonstrated a sustained release from loaded erythrocytes over a period of 36 h, which suggests a potential use of the erythrocyte as a slow systemic release system for antiretroviral drugs.
HPTLC Fingerprinting and Antifungal Efficacy of Ethyl Acetate Extract Couroupita guianensis on Selected Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Selvakumar S , Gangatharan Sagar Suman
Published: August 2020

The HPTLC fingerprints will help the manufacturer for quality control and standardization of herbal formulations. Such finger printing is useful in differentiating the species from the adulterant and act as a biochemical marker for this medicinally important plant in the pharmaceutical industry and plant systematic studies. Resistance to antibiotics in pathogenic fungi is a problem of special importance in the control of infections caused by these organisms.Therefore, it is of importance to investigate the HPTLC fingerprint and antifungal analysis of ethyl acetate extract of the aerial part of couroupita guianensis. Couroupita guianensis (Aubl) Family Lecythidaceae commonly known as Cannon ball tree, locally known as “Kailashpati,” is found throughout India. The leaves, flowers, fruits and bark of this medicinal plant is used to treat skin infections, antimicrobial, cancer and various traditional medicinal preparations. Our results clearly show that the antifungal efficacy of couroupita guianensis.
Mechanistic Evaluation of Antinociceptive Effects of Bioactive Guided Fractions of Barleria prionitis
Authors: Sama Venkatesh , Begum Azmathunnisa , Bolleddu Rajesh , Alvala Ravi , D Jaya Prakash
Published: August 2020

Barleria prionitis Linn.(Acanthaceae) is a prickly shrub and traditionally whole plant is used as anti-inflammatory, expectorant, analgesic, diuretic, antirheumaticand antidiabetic. This study was conducted to investigate the antinociceptive and CNS depressant activity of ethanolic extract and the fractions of B. prionitis in mice. Ethanol extract and its fractions were tested at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Ethanol, petroleum ether and chloroform fractions demonstrated significant antinociceptive activity at 400 mg/kg and significantly increased the latency in hot plate test and the action was antagonised by naloxone, indicating a potential opioid-like mechanism. In conclusion, the ethanol, pet ether and chloroform fractions of B. prionitis markedly demonstrated the antinociceptive action. The CNS depressant and good protective effect on pain stimuli suggest that the possible mechanisms appear to be due to involvement of opioid and/or peripheral receptors.
Fabrication of Triamcinolone Acetonide Cream and Ointment: Optimization, Evaluation and Pharmacodynamic Assessments
Authors: Chaurasia Sundeep , Mettu Mounika , Dommeti Srinivas , Hugar Jitendra C , Vure Prasad
Published: August 2020

The present investigation describes the optimization and evaluation of topical triamcinolone acetonide (TA) cream and ointment along with their sensory test on healthy human volunteers. TA cream and ointment were prepared by fusion followed by high-speed homogenization technique. The prepared creams and ointments were subjected to evaluation for physical parameters like pH, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, viscosity, assay, drug content, in vitro diffusion studies and accelerated stability study. Further, sensory test was performed with 30 healthy human volunteers. Based on physicochemical characterizations, we found that batch FC6 was the optimized batch for TA cream and batch F3 was the optimized batch for TA ointment formulations. Results of both the optimized formulations showed favorable viscosity as compared to reference drug (Fougera). In vitro diffusion study demonstrated increased drug release with optimized batch of both cream and ointment. The optimized TA cream and ointment showed good stability when storage at accelerated conditions for three months. Finally, sensory test results indicated ‘good feel’ when both optimized formulations applied on the human skin. In conclusion, TA cream and ointment offers great potential for topical drug delivery system in the treatment of anti-inflammatory disease, which reduces the inflammation of skin.
Chronic Hypoxia as a Potential Factor in Human Life-threatening Diseases
Authors: MNVS Sandhya , K Vanitha , A Ramesh
Published: August 2020

The review article focuses on the importance of adequate oxygen levels in the body as cure and therapy for many ailments. It is known that hypoxia is the cause for cellular damage and if it can be applied to major patho-physiology’s, it can be observed that slow and chronic hypoxic conditions are the cause for most of the diseases. On the contrary, providing each cell of the body with proper oxygen may be helpful in maintaining the immunity of the body and therefore treating many disease conditions. This theory, if tested may show positive results in heart related diseases, neuronal disorders, stresses, digestive disorders and the unresolved cancer too. Slow decrease in the levels of atmospheric oxygen could be a reason to induce chronic hypoxia. According to Dr. Otto Warburg, a Noble laurate, a normal cell when deprived of oxygen, may get converted to a cancerous cell, whereas a cancerous cell cannot survive in aerobic conditions. If this part of his research be concentrated on, there could be fruitful results in the treatment of cancer. To maintain adequate levels of oxygen in the body, simple yogic breathing practices are helpful. And to maintain the adequate atmospheric oxygen, trees and plants which cleanse the atmospheric air are useful. Clinical surveys on volunteers who have been practicing regular breathing exercises can prove the fact that proper and concentrated respiration could prevent many diseases. Thus, supplementing breathing exercises along with the regular treatment for cancer patients could be helpful in alleviating cancer and other diseases.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Anti-ulcer Activity of Caesalpinia crista in Rats
Authors: Patel Kintu , Patel Bhagyabhumi , Patel Alkesh , Shah Samir
Published: August 2020

In present study, we evaluated the antiulcer activity of the herbal preparation of Caesalpinia crista in rat models.  Experimental animals were divided into four groups. Rats of group I (disease control) treated with normal saline only, group II (standard group) treated with Omeprazole (2 mg/ kg; p.o.), group III and IV served as test groups and were treated with Caesalpinia crista extract (CE) in the dose of 250 mg/ kg and 500 mg/ kg orally respectively. Peptic ulcer was induced by ligating the pyloric portion of rat stomach and was done 45 min after the respective treatment. After 4 hour of pylorus ligation, rats were sacrificed. Parameters like ulcer index, percent ulcer protection, total and free acidity were estimated for evaluation of anti-ulcer activity. Histopathological evaluation was also performed. The aqueous extract of Caesalpinia crista seeds reduced the volume of gastric juice, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index. It increased the pH of the gastric acid. Histopathology of the rat stomach revealed the presence of lesions and infiltration of inflammatory cells in control group. Moreover, animals treated with test drug and standard drug did not reveal any microscopic lesions. These findings suggest that Caesalpinia crista seeds may have anti-secretory and anti-ulcer activity and may be helpful for ulcer therapy.
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Ketorolac and Fluoromethalone in Ophthalmic Formulations
Authors: Patel Nisha D , Sharma Maitri V. , Prajapati Bhavesh , Shah Samir K
Published: August 2020

A simple, specific, accurate and stability-indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ketorolac and fluorometholone in its ophthalmic formulation. ODS-BP hyperchrome C18 having 250 mm × 4.6 mm × 5µm with mobile phase composed of 0.2% Formic acid and 0.2% of TEA in water (pH adjusted to 5.0 with Formic Acid): Methanol (40:60 v/v) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, detection wavelength at 230 nm. The retention times of ketorolac and fluorometholone were found to be 5.164 min and 2.969 min, respectively. Linearity was established for Ketorolac and fluorometholone in the range of 80-120 μg/mL and 16-24 μg/mL respectively. The percentage recoveries for ketorolac and fluorometholone were found to be in the range of 98-99% and 98-99% respectively. The LOD and LOQ for Ketorolac was found to be 5.14 and 15.5 μg/ml, and for fluorometholone 0.72 and 2.21 respectively.
Chemical Permeation Enhancers for Transdermal Delivery of Thiocolchicoside: Assessment of Ex-vivo Skin Flux and In-vivo Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Rao Y Madhusudan , P Gayatri , M Ajitha , Kumar P. Pavan , kumar Kiran
Published: August 2020

Present investigation comprises the study of ex-vivo skin flux and in-vivo pharmacokinetics of Thiocolchicoside (THC) from transdermal films. The films were fabricated by solvent casting technique employing combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers. A flux of 18.08 µg/cm2h and 13.37µg/cm2h was achieved for optimized formulations containing 1, 8-cineole and oleic acid respectively as permeation enhancers. The observed flux values were higher when compared to passive control (8.66 µg/cm2h). Highest skin permeation was observed when 1,8-cineole was used as chemical permeation enhancer and it considerably (2-2.5 fold) improved the THC transport across the rat skin. In vivo studies were performed in rabbits and samples were analysed by LC-MS-MS. The mean area under the curve (AUC) values of transdermal film showed about 2.35 times statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in bioavailability when compared with the oral administration of THC solution. The developed transdermal therapeutic systems using chemical permeation enhancers were suitable for drugs like THC in effective management of muscular pain.
Pharmacokinetics of Different Pharmaceutical Nano Curcumin Products by Oral Administration
Authors: Tung Bui Thanh , Duyen Duong Thi , Thuy Hoang Thi , Hang Ho Thi , Santana Karel Diéguez , Monteagudo Maykel Cruz , Garrigues Teresa , Bin Nguyen Thi Thanh Bin , Hai Nguyen Thanh
Published: August 2020

Curcumin has shown several potential pharmacological activities but it is limited on clinical application due to its poor bioavailability. Nano curcumin products have been investigated with purpose to increase curcumin’s bioavailability. Recently, for the first time, nanocurcumin was formulated in effervescent tablet (commercially available as SCurma FizzyTM). The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of this novel formulation of nanocurcumin and traditional formulation. In this study, the pharmacokinetic parameters of nanocurcumin in effervescent tablet, hard capsule and soft capsule in rats with a dose of 150 mg curcumin/kg body weight were investigated. The method to determine curcumin's concentration was validated and the concentration of curcumin in rat’s plasma was examined at pre-dose (0 min), 30, 60, 120, 150, 180 min after administration of curcumin. This data showed that the SCurma Fizzy tablet significantly improved the curcumin's concentration in plasma as compared with others products studied. In conclusion, the results suggested that effervescent tablet for nanoparticulate curcumin is recommended formulation to improve its bioavailability and therefore pharmacological activities.
Recent Advances in Preparation and Modification of Gelatin Nanoparticles for Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Gabriel Tesfaye , Brhane Yonas
Published: August 2020

Nanoparticles can be produced from the proteinaceous materials called gelatin. Gelatin is extracted from collagen of skin, bones, and connective tissues by controlled acidic or basic hydrolysis. This paper focuses on several methods developed for preparing and modifying gelatin nano-particles (GNPs) for delivery of gene and drugs. In general, eight methods are being used for producing GNPs: the coacervation method; the two step desolvation method; the complex coacervation process; the solvent extraction or emulsion process; the nanoprecipitation method; the microemulsion method; the inverse miniemulsion technique and self-assembly method. The problem of being phagocytosized by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) in the body is among the limitations of native GNPs encounter. The interest was based on the facts that gelatin has been known for its low immunogenicity for many years and is administered intravenously since it is an ingredient of various registered blood substitutes. The advantage offered by the amino acid side-chains of the gelatin matrix molecule is the option of multiple further modifications. Hence, GNPs’ surface modification is typically needed to tackle phagocytosis. Many researchers have reported the gelatin use for anticancer drugs delivery, gene delivery, pulmonary drug delivery, ocular drug delivery and protein delivery.
Design, Optimization and Evaluation of Fast-Dissolving Oral Films of Ropinirole
Authors: D. V. R. N. Bhikshapathi , A Srinivas
Published: August 2020

The main objective of this study was to develop fast dissolving oral films of ropinirole HCl to attain quick onset of action for the better management of Parkinson’s disease. Twenty-seven formulations (F1-F27) of ropinirole oral dissolving films by solvent-casting method using 33 response surface method by using HPMC E15, Maltodextrin PEG 4000 by using Design of experiment software. Formulations were evaluated for their physical characteristics, thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength, disintegration time, drug content uniformity and drug release characteristics and found to be within the limits. Among the prepared formulations F4 showed minimum disintegration time 11 sec, maximum drug was released i.e. 99.68 ± 1.52% of drug within 10 min when compared to the other formulations and finalized as optimized formulation. FTIR data revealed that no interactions takes place between the drug and polymers used in the optimized formulation. The in vitro dissolution profiles of marketed product and optimized formulation was compared and found to be the drug released was 92.77 ± 1.52 after 50 min. Therefore, it can be a good alternative to conventional ropinirole for immediate action. In vitro evaluation of the ropinirole fast dissolving films confirmed their potential as an innovative dosage form to improve delivery and quick onset of action of ropinirole. The oral dissolving film is considered to be potentially useful for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease where quick onset of action is desired
Synthesis, Characterization and Antidiabetic Activity of Novel Thiazolidine Derivatives
Authors: Prachand Sumeet , Gupta Arun K , Gilhotra Ritu
Published: August 2020

Rhodamines are five-member heterocyclic having nitrogen and sulphur atoms in their ring structure respectively and exhibiting potent as well as wide range of pharmacological activities. A series of 4-((4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene) methyl) phenyl substituted benzoate derivatives were synthesized. Benzoic acid derivatives reacted with rhodanine to yield the respective derivatives. This reaction follows the Knoevenagel condensation reaction mechanism by which ethanolamine abstract a proton from heterocyclic ring and a carbanion ion is generated. The structure of synthesize compounds were supported by IR, NMR and mass spectral data. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antidiabetic activity by α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase inhibition, glucose diffusion inhibitory test and the potential compounds tested for  in vivo activity by blood glucose and body weight changes, serum insulin, Hb, HbA1c, and total protein levels changes, and lipid profiles changes in type 2 diabetic rats.
Development of Effervescent Tablets of Alendronate Sodium with Improved Intestinal Permeation
Authors: Vure Prasad , Chaurasia Sundeep
Published: August 2020

The aim of the present study is to develop effervescent tablets of alendronate sodium to improve their intestinal permeability to treat osteoporosis. Effervescent tablets of alendronate sodium were developed with different ratios of acid to alkaline components having a pH of about 3 to about 6.5. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The physical mixture blend was evaluated for angle of repose, true density, bulk density, compressibility index. The formulated tablets were subjected to thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content and pH. The in vitro dissolution studies were carried out using the USP Type 2 apparatus. Formulation F14 was considered as optimized formulation because it shows drug release pattern higher than that of the other formulations and conventional marketed formulation. Ex vivo permeation studies were performed for the optimized formulation (F14) and that of the conventional marketed formulation. The drug release of the formulation (F14) was higher than the marketed formulation. Accelerated stability studies of the optimized formulation indicated that there were no signs of visually distinguishable changes, drug content and in vitro dispersion time. Thus, an increase in drug release may enhance absorption, in turn may enhance bioavailability.
Design and Preclinical Evaluation of Gastroretentive Floating Tablets of Quetiapine Fumerate
Authors: P Poornima , K Abbulu , K Mukkanti
Published: August 2020

The present study was focused on gastro-retentive tablets of quetiapine fumarate using hydrophilic polymers HPMC K250 PH PRM, HPMC K750 PH PRM and HPMC K1500 PH PRM as release retarding agents. WSR 301 was chosen as resin, sodium bicarbonate was used as effervescent agents. FTIR studies revealed that there is no interaction between the drug and polymers used for the formulation. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method and the release rate was found to decrease with proportional increase in the ratio of polymer to drug. Quetiapine fumarate is absorbed well from stomach and therefore is a very good drug to be formulated into gastro retentive floating dosage form.  In-vitro release profile of quetiapine fumarate and marketed product when compared, the optimized formulation F19 showed drug release of 98.65% within 24 h whereas 96.78% of the drug was released from the marketed product within 1h. The optimized formulation remained stable when subjected to accelerated stability studies. In vivo radiographic studies of quetiapine fumarate optimized formulation (F19) supported the expectations in prolonging the gastric residence time in the fasted state in beagle dogs.  Cmax and AUC values of optimized formulation were found to be significantly higher than of marketed product. In conclusion, gastro-retention can be a promising approach to enhance bioavailability of quetiapine fumarate with narrow absorption window in upper GIT.
Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Applications of Transgenic Technology
Authors: Reddy D Samba , Reddy Tina
Published: August 2020

A transgenic animal is a genetically modified species in which researchers have modified an existing gene or genes by genetic engineering techniques. Genetic modification involves the mutation, insertion, or deletion of genes. Mouse is the most widely used mammalian species for creating transgenic lines. There are two types of transgenic animals: (i) gene deleted (“knock-out”) and (ii) gene overexpressed (“knock-in”). The loss or gain of gene activity often causes changes in a mouse's phenotype, which includes appearance, behavior and other observable characteristics. Knockout mice are key animal models for studying the role of genes which have been sequenced but whose functions have not been determined.  They include constitutive knockouts (gene deleted since birth) and conditional knockout (gene turned off later after birth).  The first knockout mouse was created in 1989 by Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans, and Oliver Smithies, for which they were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.  Transgenic mouse models have revolutionized the biomedical research and provided a power tool for understanding health and disease. Transgenic animals have been created for bulk production of biotechnology and pharmaceutical products.  In 2009, the FDA approved the first human biological drug ATryn, an anticoagulant extracted from the transgenic goat's milk. The recently discovered CRISPER gene editing technology is providing new frontiers in correcting abnormal genes and hopefully provide cures for genetic diseases in the future.