bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to Save Endangered Magnolias? From Population Biology to Conservation Action: The Case of Allopatric Radiation in Western Mexico
Authors: Antonio Vázquez-García José , Angel Muñiz-Castro Miguel , Dahua-Machoa Alex , Antonio Osorio-Muñoz Edison , Hernández-Vera Gerardo , Salomé Ortega-Peña Alondra , de Lourdes Romo-Campos Rosa , Jacobo-Pereira César , Álvarez de Román Noelia , Shalisko Viacheslav
Published: February 2021

Numerous Neotropical Magnolia species are endangered and red-listed by the IUCN. Here we highlight major results from over a decade of research on endangered magnolias in western Mexico. Particularly, we compare three species of Magnolia (M. pugana, M. pacifica and M. vallartensis) along a large-scale continentality and moisture gradients, in terms of a) their morphological adaptations, b) genetic structure, diversity, and differentiation, c) reproductive phenology, and d) floral scents and their floral visitors. Fieldwork along this gradient unveiled two new species of Magnolia sect. Magnolia; M. granbarrancae and M. talpana. We found that most continental populations have a higher extinction risk than those with greater maritime influence, due to their lower genetic diversity, and greater fragmentation, isolation, and water stress. Also, these populations are more vulnerable to the environmental conditions predicted with the global warming climate scenarios. We share fieldwork experience and advise on pre-germination treatments and seed dormancy. We propose an ex-situ and in-situ conservation strategy, identify new challenges, and suggest future directions of collaborative work as a global Magnolia conservation consortium.
Households’ Adaptation to Climate Change Hazards in Semi-Arid Region of Mopani, South Africa
Authors: Yusuf Jimoh Musa , Bikam Peter , Chikoore Hector , Chakwizira James , Ingwani Emaculate
Published: February 2021

New climate change realities are no longer a doubtful phenomenon, but realities to adapt and live with. Its cogent impacts and implications’ dispositions pervade all sectors and geographic scales, making no sector or geographic area immune, nor any human endeavor spared from the associated adversities. The consequences of this emerging climate order are already manifesting, with narratives written beyond the alterations in temperature and precipitation, particularly in urban areas of semi-arid region of South Africa. The need to better understand and respond to the new climate change realities is particularly acute in this region. Thus, this chapter highlights the concept of adaptation as a fundamental component of managing climate change vulnerability, through identifying and providing insight in respect of some available climate change adaptation models and how these models fit within the premises and programmes of sustainable adaptation in semi-arid region with gaps identification. The efforts of governments within the global context are examined with households’ individual adaptation strategies to climate change hazards in Mopani District. The factors hindering the success of sustainable urban climate change adaptation strategic framework and urban households’ adaptive systems are also subjects of debate and constitute the concluding remarks to the chapter.
Recent Progress in the Electrochemical Exfoliation of Colloidal Graphene: A Review
Authors: Singh Randhir
Published: February 2021

Graphene is a wonder nanomaterial which is used in a wide variety of electronics applications because of its excellent electrical, optical, chemical and mechanical properties. For the efficient use of graphene in the preparation of modern electronics devices it is imperative to first prepare a colloidal solution of graphene. Although various techniques are being used for the synthesis of colloidal form of graphene, the synthesis of colloidal graphene via electrochemical exfoliation is time saving and easy, facile method which can be easily performed in the laboratory without any expensive and sophisticated equipment as required in other techniques. Through electrochemical exfoliation of colloidal graphene, high quality graphene can be obtained within short time. Further, after the electrochemical exfoliation of colloidal graphene, the colloidal solution is stable in the organic solvent for few weeks. The conducting electrodes prepared by this colloidal solution of graphene have wide application in the areas of flexible energy storage devices and sensors fabrication.
UAV Remote Sensing: An Innovative Tool for Detection and Management of Rice Diseases
Authors: Zhou Xin-Gen , Zhang Dongyan , Lin Fenfang
Published: February 2021

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing is a new alternative to traditional diagnosis and detection of rice diseases by visual symptoms, providing quick, accurate and large coverage disease detection. UAV remote sensing offers an unprecedented spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution that can distinguish diseased plant tissue from healthy tissue based on the characteristics of disease symptoms. Research has been conducted on using RGB sensor, multispectral sensor, and hyperspectral sensor for successful detection and quantification of sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), using multispectral sensor to accurately detect narrow brown leaf spot (Cercospora janseana), and using infrared thermal sensor for detecting the occurrence of rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae). UAV can also be used for aerial application, and UAV spraying has become a new means for control of rice sheath blight and other crop diseases in many countries, especially China and Japan. UAV spraying can operate at low altitudes and various speeds, making it suitable for situations where arial and ground applications are unavailable or infeasible and where precision applications are needed. Along with advances in digitalization and artificial intelligence for precision application across fertilizer, pest and crop management needs, this UAV technology will become a core tool in a farmer’s precision equipment mix in the future.
Homology Modeling of Tubulin Isotypes to Investigate MT-Tau Interactions
Authors: Vishnu Bhandare Vishwambhar
Published: February 2021

The Homology modeling techniques uses the template structure(s) to model the full-length structure of unknown sequence. It is being used for determining the structure of biological macromolecules, especially proteins. The wide applications of homology modeling approach have helped us to address various challenging problems in the field of biological sciences and drug discovery despite the limitations in using analytical techniques like X-ray, NMR and CryoEM techniques. Here, this chapter emphasize on application of homology modeling in determining MT-Tau interactions which are important in the Alzheimer disease. In Alzheimer diseases, tau detaches from MTs in misfolded shape and forms insoluble aggregates in neurons due to post-translational modifications. MT-tau interactions are largely unknown due to differential expression of neuronal specific tubulin isotypes and intrinsically disordered nature of tau. MTs play crucial roles in important cellular functions including cell division, transport of vesicles, cell signaling, cell motility etc. MTs are composed of different tubulin isotypes which differs mainly at C-terminal tail. In humans, nine β-tubulin isotypes have been reported which are expressed differently in different tissues. Structures for different tubulin isotypes are still lacking due to their complex differential expression pattern and purification. Hence, homology modeling approach allowed us to generate homology models for different neuronal specific tubulin isotypes and study their interactions with tau repeats. It is believed that this study would gain more structural and functional insights to the linked Alzheimer diseases.
Conflicts in Environmental and Agricultural Organizations in the Far North Region of Cameroon
Authors: Billa Robert Nanche
Published: February 2021

The population of the Far North Region of Cameroon suffers the most from poverty and huge environmental challenges. As a result, they have the highest concentration of environmental organizations in Cameroon. Data was collected by interviewing key informants who work in environmental and agricultural companies. It was discovered that conflicts in such organizations are caused by the differences people have in terms of opinions, interests and needs as they work together with each other. Their strictness with one another also causes conflict especially when doing dirty or difficult work tasks. Conflict also comes about when the religious values of each other is not respected especially that of the Muslims in Christians dominated companies. There is also generational conflict which is characterized by the confrontation between the older and less educated generation who have some experience and young graduates who would like to implement new practices. Other causes are discrimination where workers are not promoted basing on merit but on their ethnic relation to one another. There is equally an economic cause which is due to the non-distribution of part of the substantial profits that some companies make to their employees as well as too low salary and poor work tasks distribution.
Staphylococcus aureus and Dairy Udder
Authors: Islam Aqib Amjad , Ijaz Muhammad , Shoaib Muhammad , Muzammil Iqra , Iftikhar Hussain Hafiz , Zaheer Tean , Ahmed Rais , Sarwar Iqra , Razzaq Khan Yasir , Aamir Naseer Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Staphylococcus aureus is a major causative agent of intra-mammary infections in dairy animals with potential virulence of surface components, toxins, and extracellular enzymes. About 74% quarter prevalence of S. aureus in bovine udder with overall prevalence exceeding 61% in dairy animals. About 17 different serotypes of dairy originated S. aureus have been reported with 24 virulence coding genes for leukocidins (lukED/lukM), pyrogenic toxin super antigen (PTSAg), haemolysins (hla-hlg), toxic-shock syndrome toxin (tst), enterotoxins (sea-seo, seu), exfoliative toxins (eta, etb), and genes for methicillin (mecA) and penicillin (blaZ) resistance. Attainment of refuge inside the macrophages and neutrophils is a major cause of S. aureus mastitis persistence. Mammary prebiotics and probiotics are recently being used as alternatives to antibiotic for the prevention of mastitis. Literature showed anti- staphylococcus vaccines with different results depending upon types of immunization, route of administration and adjuvant used. Studies has shown that herd specific as well as commercial S. aureus vaccines reduce new infections in dairy animals. Experiments are still in progress for the use of vaccines against S. aureus mastitis with optimal efficacy and reliability. Perhaps, there might be bright future because of highly satisfactory trial results of mastitis vaccines in the lab animals.
Citrus Essential Oils: A Suite of Insecticidal Compounds
Authors: Khanikor Bulbuli , Adhikari Kamal , Rabha Bikash
Published: February 2021

Citrus essential oils (CEOs) and their constituent compounds are being reported to have multifarious activities. In this chapter an attempt is made to discuss the insecticidal activities, as well as CEO profile of different vegetative part of Citrus species and biocidal potentiality of their constituent compounds against diverse insect pests. It is observed that in most of the CEO constituent profile, limonene is the major constituent compound. Other important constituents present in different percentages in different CEOs are β-citronellal, linalool, pinene, β- caryophyllene, β-myrcene, terpinene, citral etc. These plant EO constituents are reported to have insecticidal effects against diverse insect species. Taking the four peel EOs of Citrus limon, Citrus paradisi, Citrus medica, Citrus maxima commonly grown in North Eastern part of India, study on their insecticidal effects against Dolichoderus affinis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) was made and result is presented showing higher fumigant toxicity of C. medica and C. limon oil against the ant sp. With the increasing awareness for using safe insecticidal products among consumers, the citrus EOs with their attracting terpene compounds having good insecticidal potency bear all attributes to be used as commercial green pesticides in coming days both in indoor and outdoor management of insect pests.
Compensatory Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Mellah Rabah , Khati Hocine , Talem Hand , Guermah Said
Published: February 2021

The traditional approach to fuzzy design is based on knowledge acquired by expert operators formulated into rules. However, operators may not be able to translate their knowledge and experience into a fuzzy logic controller. In addition, most adaptive fuzzy controllers present difficulties in determining appropriate fuzzy rules and appropriate membership functions. This chapter presents adaptive neural-fuzzy controller equipped with compensatory fuzzy control in order to adjust membership functions, and as well to optimize the adaptive reasoning by using a compensatory learning algorithm. An analysis of stability and transparency based on a passivity framework is carried out. The resulting controllers are implemented on a two degree of freedom robotic system. The simulation results obtained show a fairly high accuracy in terms of position and velocity tracking, what highlights the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.
Surgical Approach in Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Mihail Mirica Radu , Paun Sorin
Published: February 2021

Pheochromocytomas are tumors composed of chromaffin cells that can produce, secrete and metabolise catecholamines. The surgical excision procedure of these tumors may present the risk of significant variations in blood pressure, as well as the chance of cardiovascular complications in the perioperative period. During surgery, patients may be at risk for cardiovascular events such as major variations in blood pressure, pulmonary edema, stroke, myocardial infraction and a long period of intubation. The surgical approach to pheochromocytomas must always be preceded by accurate imaging evaluation, endocrine screening and identification of associated genetic mutations. In addition, the surgical technique of choice consists in using minimally invasive surgical methods, with a transabdominal or retroperitoneal approach.
Viral Infections, Including Influenza and Corona Virus Disease 2019, and Vitamin D: A Mini-Review
Authors: Čulić Srđana
Published: February 2021

Recent research about the influence of vitamin D (VD) deficiency on the occurrence of viral infections suggests that children with VD deficiency have attenuated immune response. This, in turn, increases the severity of viral infections, especially those of the respiratory tract, that show a typical seasonality pattern during the winter months. Despite the immunization of children at the global level, outbreaks of influenza do frequently occur. Over the past months, we have witnessed that the explosive pandemic of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significant mortality in some countries. Numerous studies have shown that VD deficiency is increasingly prevalent worldwide, and that it is potentially associated with the onset of viral infections. Persons with hypovitaminosis D and subsequent secondary immunodeficiencies ought to be identified and treated, while preventive supplementation of VD should be recommended to the general population to avoid VD deficiency during the winter. In this way, the burden of viral infections on population health and economy could be reduced. This paper also reviews the influence of VD on infections caused by hepatitis B and C viruses, human papillomavirus, Epstein–Barr virus, Human herpes virus 6, herpes simplex virus, and human immunodeficiency virus.
Sedentary Behavior, Cardiovascular Risk and Importance of Physical Activity and Breaking-Up Sedentary Behavior
Authors: Ali Mir Imtiyaz
Published: February 2021

Sedentary behavior (SB) is one of the common leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and all-cause mortality. However, not much is known concerning the relationship between SB and CV risk factors. This chapter aimed to explore the scientific knowledge that examines the association between SB and CV risk factors and its association with the development of CVD. Besides, the focus on preventing the SB by avoiding prolonged sitting and breaking-up the extended periods of sitting, and participating in physical activity (PA) are usually highlighted in this chapter, explaining how these intervention protocols can reduce the burden of CVD due to SB. Regardless of the known benefits of both PA and taking frequent breaks when engaging in sedentary tasks, the adaptation of a physically active lifestyle has remained very low because of various reasons; habitual behavior, insufficient or lack of time, misconceptions of CVD related health benefits from PA. Thus, it is very important to break these barriers associated with PA and encourage the physically inactive population, especially those who practice prolonged sitting to actively participate in PA and break the prolonged sitting time with regular interval breaks. Therefore, promotion of PA and limiting the sedentary tasks which would lead to improved levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and better quality of living is necessary among all age groups, gender and ethnicities to prevent many chronic illnesses, specifically CVD and its associated risks related to SB.
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome among Medical Patients
Authors: Gandhi Kejal , Taweesedt Pahnwat , Sharma Munish , Barbhaya Dweep , Surani Salim
Published: February 2021

Abdominal compartment syndrome and intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) has been widely studied in surgical and trauma patients, even though the incidence of IAH in medical intensive care unit (MICU) remains high. Studies have shown that the time to decision making regarding diagnosis and management of IAH is twice in MICU compared to the corresponding surgical side. MICU patients often require large volume resuscitation such as in sepsis, hemorrhage, or an inflammatory condition such as acute pancreatitis, which increases the risk of development of IAH. It is often underdiagnosed and undertreated in MICU due to a lack of awareness of the consequences and mortality associated with it. Elevated intra-abdominal pressure has systemic effects causing atelectatic lungs, decreased cardiac output, and renal insufficiency. IAH, if not recognized early, can quickly progress to compartment syndrome causing multiorgan failure and death. Approach to ACS management between medical and surgical intensivists varies largely because of lack of experience with surgical decompression. This article provides an overview of definitions, incidence, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of IAH and abdominal compartment syndrome in critically in medical patients.
Digital Twin of the Mining Shaft and Hoisting System as an Opportunity to Improve the Management Processes of Shaft Infrastructure Diagnostics and Monitoring
Authors: Kalinowski Piotr , Długosz Oskar , Kamiński Paweł
Published: February 2021

The following chapter presents a concept of a virtual model of a mine shaft equipped with a hoisting system for the purpose of improving the processes of diagnostics management of shaft infrastructure and its monitoring. The chapter presents a proposal of improvement of broadly known processes such as: diagnostics and monitoring of shaft infrastructure using digital models of 3D structures, the BIM and Digital Twin idea. Implementation of such systems in the operating mine working was presented together with expected results of monitoring. As the presented solution is currently only a concept, development of such system in real application is necessary to asses real benefits of application of Digital Twin system.
Alloying Elements of Magnesium Alloys: A Literature Review
Authors: Loukil Nouha
Published: February 2021

Magnesium alloys are the lightest structural metal. The lightness is the main reason for the interest for Mg in various industrial and clinical applications, in which lightweight structures are in high demand. Recent research and developments on magnesium Mg alloys are reviewed. A particular attention is focused on binary and ternary Mg alloys consisting mainly of Al, Zn, Mn, Ca and rare earth (RE) elements. The effects of different alloying elements on the microstructure, the mechanical and the corrosion properties of Mg alloys are described. Alloying induces modifications of the microstructural characteristics leading to strengthening mechanisms, improving then the ductility and the mechanical properties of pure Mg.
Whole Genome Sequencing: A Powerful Tool for Understanding the Diversity of Genotypes and Phenotypes among COVID-19 Infected Patients to Help in Controlling Outbreaks
Authors: A. Ahmed Rayan
Published: February 2021

In Wuhan, China (December 2019), viral pneumonia cases of uncertain origin have been reported. The emergency has drawn global attention. To determine the pathogenic potential, joint efforts were conducted by Chinese Multidisciplinary Task Forces. An integral component of wide range of research applications is not only determining the causative agent but also the nucleic acid bases order in biological samples. Research techniques determining genetic material features and its order is called “sequencing”, classified into three generations. Moreover, the first sequencing attempt was conducted and a genetic link identified between samples isolated from China and other previously sequenced Coronaviruses. However, there was patient to patient diversity in terms of clinical and laboratory manifestations and diseases severity. After the genetic material of the causative agent was successfully sequenced, it was named the novel coronavirus causing COVID-19. Here, we review the genome sequences of novel coronavirus infected patients from different countries such as India, Bangladesh and Ecuador compared to China (first reported case), seeking not only to recognize similarities and differences between genome sequences of novel coronavirus, but also to compare them with other forms of coronaviruses family. Utilizing this data will assist in making right decisions minimizing negative consequences of the outbreak.
Modification of Legume Proteins for Improved Functionality
Authors: Can Karaca Asli
Published: February 2021

Recent studies have indicated that legume proteins can be potentially used as an alternative to animal-derived protein ingredients for many food and biomaterial applications, however some modifications may be first required to improve their functionality since they show relatively lower solubility and functional properties compared to commonly used animal-based proteins. A variety of physical, chemical or biological processes can be used to achieve these modifications in structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of legume proteins. The aim of this chapter was to review the most recent studies focusing on modification of structural properties and improvement of functionality of legume proteins. Effects of processing conditions on protein functionality were discussed. Special emphasis was given to the structure–function mechanisms behind these changes. Since the performance of modified legume proteins has been shown to depend on a variety of factors; parameters used in the modification process have to be optimized to achieve the desired level of improvement in legume protein functionality. Each modification method has been indicated to have its own advantages and limitations in terms of performance and applicability in different food matrices. Further studies are required to investigate the interactions of modified legume proteins with other food components during food processing and storage. Furthermore, additional research on the effects of modification treatments on flavor profile and nutritional properties of legume proteins is needed as well.
International Classification of Functioning, Health and Disability (ICF) Conceptual Approach towards Spinocerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Triangto Kevin , Setiono Steven , Bernard Purba Herdiman
Published: February 2021

Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA) is an autosomal dominant disease with progressive decline towards functional capacity. Although studies had shown that there are various SCA types, physical medicine and rehabilitation approach would focus mostly on functional aspects in each individuals. Analysis through International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health would assist clinicians to identify activity and participation aspects of SCA, mostly revolves around mobility function. Good correlation of mobility with quality of life was also reported, and thus it is only natural that this becomes the main focus of rehabilitative intervention. Approximately one hour physical exercise session focusing on postural control and balance was proven to be effective in improving disease related measurement tool, functional capacity, and quality of life. These benefits could be improved through newer therapies such as exercise games and virtual reality, virtually creates a rapidly changing environment, thus providing training through anticipatory actions. It is speculated that neuroplasticity through self-recognition of errors are the main physiology of recovery in SCA. Finally, it could be seen that rehabilitation intervention remains to be a cornerstone in current ataxia therapy, with goals of achieving exercise gains while alleviating the natural functional decline of the disease.
Intergenerational Support Networks and Wellbeing in Old Age
Authors: Guadalupe Sónia , Testa Vicente Henrique
Published: February 2021

Family is the main informal support system for the older population. Focusing on social network types, the chapter discusses the relevance of family-centered networks, restricted and diverse networks for wellbeing, and psychosocial risk in the aging process. Social network types and social support effectiveness are also pointed out as good predictors of health, mental health, and social or community participation. Familistic cultures represent different demands on informal support and social care, bringing enormous importance to the heiresses generations. Interpersonal relationships between generations are fueled by reciprocity in support throughout the life cycle. Intergenerationality closes its cycle when the offspring support their parents in older ages. Normativity in this cycle is broken with childlessness, which is less and less exceptional today. The emphasis on family ties in social care and the childless population’s increase transform future support expectations, challenging societies.
Assessment and Treatment of Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Results from STRONG STAR and the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD
Authors: L. Peterson Alan , L. Niles Barbara , Young-McCaughan Stacey , M. Keane Terence
Published: February 2021

Extensive research has been conducted since 11 September 2001 to develop and evaluate evidence-based treatments for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in active duty United States military personnel treated in the combat theater and in garrison. This chapter reviews the results of 20 PTSD clinical trials funded by the United States Department of Defense and Department of Veterans Affairs on the treatment of combat-related PTSD. All of the studies were conducted under the leadership and management of two research consortia: the South Texas Research Organizational Network Guiding Studies on Trauma and Resilience (STRONG STAR) Consortium and the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD.
Using Trend Extraction and Spatial Trends to Improve Flood Modeling and Control
Authors: Hale Jacob , Long Suzanna , Gude Vinayaka , Corns Steven
Published: February 2021

Effective management of flood events depends on a thorough understanding of regional geospatial characteristics, yet data visualization is rarely effectively integrated into the planning tools used by decision makers. This chapter considers publicly available data sets and data visualization techniques that can be adapted for use by all community planners and decision makers. A long short-term memory (LSTM) network is created to develop a univariate time series value for river stage prediction that improves the temporal resolution and accuracy of forecasts. This prediction is then tied to a corresponding spatial flood inundation profile in a geographic information system (GIS) setting. The intersection of flood profile and affected road segments can be easily visualized and extracted. Traffic decision makers can use these findings to proactively deploy re-routing measures and warnings to motorists to decrease travel-miles and risks such as loss of property or life.
İnguinal herni onarımında USG eşliğinde TAP blok, USG eşliğinde yara yeri infiltrasyonu ve intravenöz deksketoprofenin preemptif uygulanmasının postoperatif analjezik etkinliklerinin karşılaştırılması
Authors: SALIK Fikret
Published: February 2021

Öz

Amaç: İnguinal herni onarımlarında ideal postoperatif analjezi yöntemi halen tartışma konusudur. Bu çalışmada, kasık fıtığı onarımlarında preemptif olarak uyguladığımız farklı analjezik yöntemlerin postoperatif analjezik etkinliğini karşılaştırmayı amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Bu çalışma prospektif olarak dizayn edildi. Çalışmaya spinal anestezi eşliğinde elektif inguinal herni onarımı yapılan 18-75 yaş arası hastalar alındı. 120 hasta cerrahi insizyondan önce uygulanan analjezik yönteme göre üç gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1: USG kılavuzluğunda Transversus abdominis plan bloğu (n = 40), Grup 2: USG kılavuzluğunda lokal anestezik infiltrasyon (n = 40) ve Grup 3 intravenöz deksketoprofen (n = 40). Postoperatif 24 saat boyunca ortalama tramadol tüketim miktarı ve kurtarıcı analjezik ihtiyacı olan hasta sayısı kaydedildi. Hastaların 30. dakika. 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, ve 24. saat VAS skorları analiz edildi.

Bulgular: Postoperatif ortalama tramadol tüketimi gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak benzerdi [Grup 1: 22.5±57.6 mg; Grup 2: 20±51.6 mg; Grup 3: 27.5±59.8 (p=0.833)]. Kurtarıcı analjezik ihtiyacı olan hasta sayısı istatistiksel olarak benzerdi ( p=0.787). 30.dk, 1, 2, 4, 8. ve 12. saatlerdeki VAS skorları Grup 1’de diğer gruplara göre istatistiksel olarak daha düşük saptandı (p değerleri sırasıyla 0.003, 007, 0013, 0049, 0015, 0021). Grup 1’de 30.dk ve 2. saatteki VAS skorları Grup 2’ye göre daha düşük saptandı (p değerleri sırasıyla 0.049, 0.037). Aynı zamanda 30.dk, 1, 2, 8. ve 12. saatlerdeki VAS skorları Grup 1’de Grup 3’e göre daha düşük tespit edildi (p değerleri sırasıyla 0.003, 0.006, 0.021, 0.017, 0.016). Tüm saatlerdeki VAS skorları Grup 2 ile Grup 3 arasında istatistiksel olarak benzer bulundu.

Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, inguinal herni onarımlarında postoperatif analjezi amacıyla preemptif olarak transversus abdominis plan bloğu, lokal anestezik ilaç infiltrasyonu veya intravenöz deksketoprofenin postoperatif tramadol tüketim miktarı ve kurtarıcı analjezik ihtiyacı olan hasta sayısı üzerine etkilerinin benzer olduğunu gösterdik. Ancak transversus abdominis plan bloğu, postoperatif ilk 24 saatte daha düşük VAS skorları ve daha fazla sayıda hastada mükemmel analjezi sağlamaktadır.
The reasons for conversion from laparoscopic appendectomy to open surgery in children: the first experience on 100 cases in a single center
Authors: KARAKAYA Ali Erdal
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study aimed to discuss the reasons for conversion in light of the literature and reduce any unnecessary conversion to open procedure, according to our clinic's results during the learning curve.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 100 patients who had a laparoscopic appendectomy in our clinic between September 2014 and August 2019. The patients who had a laparoscopic appendectomy were evaluated for conversion to open procedure by reviewing the age, gender, white blood cell count (WBC), and surgical findings (location of the appendix, perforation status, peritonitis). Laparoscopy was performed through two ports.

Results: The age average of 100 patients, including 63 males who have undergone a laparoscopic appendectomy, was 10.86 ± 3.78 years. The laparoscopic technique was converted to open in nine children. WBC ratio of the patients was significantly higher in converted procedures. Among the procedures converted to open appendectomy, three patients presented retrocecal appendix placement; two patients presented retrocecal placement and perforation and diffuse peritonitis; three patients presented perforation and diffuse peritonitis, and one patient presented uncontrolled bleeding.

Conclusion: The use of laparoscopic appendectomy has just increased in Pediatric Surgery clinics along with some factors that affect the conversion to open procedure. WBC ratio was significantly higher in converted procedures. When study results are reviewed from this perspective, perforation, diffuse peritonitis, and the appendix's retrocecal location are the most significant independent indicators for conversion from laparotomic procedure to open procedure.
Müşteri Odaklı Sipariş Yanıtlama Sürecine İlişkin Bir Mobil Karar Destek Sistemi
Authors: YURTAY Nilüfer , YURTAY Yüksel , GÜNDOĞAR Emin , DEMİRCİ Hüseyin
Published: February 2021

Üretici firmaların çoğu için, gelensiparişler doğrultusunda üretimin planlanması ve kontrolü oldukça zordur. Firmalar, bu planlama ve kontrolü yaparken, hammadde veya malzemenin girişinden, son ürünün dağıtımına kadar birçok süreci değerlendirmek durumundadırlar. Bu değerlendirme işlemleri, karar desteği sağlayan bilgisayar yazılımları ile daha hızlı ve doğru biçimde yapılabilmektedir. Teknolojinin yükselen trendi olan mobil destekli uygulamalar da, müşterilerin sipariş alışkanlıklarında değişikliklere yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada, müşteridenmobil tabanlı gelen siparişler doğrultusunda tasarım ve üretim yapan imalat firmaları için hazırlanan ve siparişlerin zamanında karşılanabilmesini amaçlayan bir karar destek sistemi tanıtılmaktadır.
“Translation” as Metaphor and as Task
Authors: Kistner Ulrike ,   DePaul University
Published: February 2021

The distinct role of the concept metaphor of “translation” in psychoanalysis has been obscured. It has generally been considered in conjunction if not synonymy with metaphors of “writing/graphy,” leaving it theoretically underdetermined. Its distinct role went largely unnoticed, moreover, since Freud himself dropped the concept metaphor of translation from his work after 1900. However, this did not prevent it from re-surfacing in a pivotal role in Jean Laplanche’s structural-linguistic accounts of “the drive to translate” and of the translation model of repression. To provide a bridge between Freud’s remarks on the role of translation, and his own tenets on language in relation to the unconscious, Laplanche reads Walter Benjamin ([1923a] 1972) on translation—to incongruous effect, which this article proposes to address, in turn, by re-instating a distinct role for translation.
Phenomenology with Big-Hearted Reason
Authors: Filiz Kadir , Romano Claude , Gschwandtner Christina M. ,   DePaul University
Published: February 2021

In this interview, Claude Romano discusses his phenomenological project of the event in relation to hermeneutics, reason, realism, and some other fundamental problems of phenomenology. He explains common themes in his phenomenological project and elucidates why he considers it important to leave behind the transcendental perspective in phenomenology. He distinguishes his descriptive realism from other realist movements in contemporary French philosophy. The interview also questions the Eurocentric orientation of many phenomenological authors and considers the possibility of going beyond such assumptions in phenomenology.
Pathologist Concordance for Ovarian Carcinoma Subtype Classification and Identification of Relevant Histologic Features Using Microscope and Whole Slide Imaging
Authors: Gavrielides Marios A. , Ronnett Brigitte M. , Vang Russell , Barak Stephanie , Lee Elsie , Staats Paul N. , Jenson Erik , Skaria Priya , Sheikhzadeh Fahime , Miller Meghan , Hagemann Ian S. , Petrick Nicholas , Seidman Jeffrey D.
Published: February 2021

Context.—

Despite several studies focusing on the validation of whole slide imaging (WSI) across organ systems or subspecialties, the use of WSI for specific primary diagnosis tasks has been underexamined.

Objective.—

To assess pathologist performance for the histologic subtyping of individual sections of ovarian carcinomas using a light microscope and WSI.

Design.—

A panel of 3 experienced gynecologic pathologists provided reference subtype diagnoses for 212 histologic sections from 109 ovarian carcinomas based on optical microscopy review. Two additional attending pathologists provided diagnoses and also identified the presence of a set of 8 histologic features important for ovarian tumor subtyping. Two experienced gynecologic pathologists and 2 fellows reviewed the corresponding WSI images for subtype classification and feature identification.

Results.—

Across pathologists specialized in gynecologic pathology, concordance with the reference diagnosis for the 5 major ovarian carcinoma subtypes was significantly higher for a pathologist reading on a microscope than each of 2 pathologists reading on WSI. Differences were primarily due to more frequent classification of mucinous carcinomas as endometrioid with WSI. Pathologists had generally low agreement in identifying histologic features important to ovarian tumor subtype classification with either an optical microscopy or WSI. This result suggests the need for refined histologic criteria for identifying such features. Interobserver agreement was particularly low for identifying intracytoplasmic mucin with WSI. Inconsistencies in evaluating nuclear atypia and mitoses with WSI were also observed.

Conclusions.—

Further research is needed to specify the reasons for these diagnostic challenges and to inform users and manufacturers of WSI technology.
The analysis of presence and abundance of moths Agrotis segetum, A. exclamationis and Hyphantria cunea during 2018, 2019 and 2020, and the forecast for 2021 in Bačka region
Authors: Vajgand Dragan
Published: February 2021

The results of monitoring the number and flight dynamics of butterflies of Agrotis segetum, A. exclamationis and Hyphantria cunea using a light trap type RO Agrobečej in Sombor and Čelarevo during the period from 2018 to 2020 are presented. Weather conditions during the research period were analyzed. Based on the results, a positive long-term forecast for 2021 of all listed species was announced. The first generation of caterpillars of all named species will be more numerous than last year. The need for control of first generation caterpillars of A. segetum and A. exclamationis on later sown maize varieties, as well as on peppers, tomatoes, melons and cabbages, which are sown in late May and early June, is anticipated. The caterpillars of the first generation of H. cunea will have to be controlled in plantations of walnuts, hazelnuts, plums, cherries, sour cherries, mulberries and on many ornamental plants in late May and early June. Short-term forecast and signals for the optimal time of suppression will be announced on the website www.agroupozorenje.rs.
Razvojno-teorijski aspekti krivičnog dela deteubistva
Authors: Bašić Zoran
Published: February 2021

Infanticide, as a criminal act (sui generis), originated at the begining of XIX century. Since then it has been privileged criminal act and legislator anticipates lighter penalties. In this work, the questions of basis for lighter penalties for this act are considered from theoretical aspect and also the development of the act in Serbian law. Theoretically, the basis for lighter penalties consist of two groups of circumstances: the ones of subjective nature and the ones of objective nature. The most common cases accepted by legislation, as a basis of privilege, are saving of honour and labor pains of mother. Serbian law separated this criminal act as privileged in the Penalty Code of Principality of Serbia in 1860. Since then till now this act has been privileged, although it suffered from various changes, from the point of law description and from the point of hight of penalty.
Meting out a monetary fine for physical pains
Authors: Nikolić Dušan
Published: February 2021

The author analysis the lawful relevance both of criminal and civil aspects of responsibility for injuries of the physical integrity of a person, as well as the criteria for meting out a monetary fine for physical pains. The author points out to gaps in the doctrine of forensic medicine ant to the necessity of collaboration of a big number of experts.
Relative majority and its paradoxes
Authors: Pajvančić Marijana
Published: February 2021

A common method of filling a single place is for electors to vote by expressing a simple preference for a single candidate. The candidate who has more votes than any other candidate, a relative majority over each other candidate, is elected. A candidate elected without an apsolute majority will have more votes against him than for him. In the system of relative majority the electors may vote tactically. The votes for the candidates no longer reflect their true support. In filling a single place, the system of relative majority may leave up to half of the voters unrepresented.
Serbia: The change without transformation
Authors: Sekelj Laslo
Published: February 2021

Main thesis of this paper is that in Serbia and FR Yugoslavia one can notice political changes but not a real transformation of authoritarian system into liberal-democratic and of politically ruled economy into the market economy. To create this situation of political change without social transformation was significantly helped by the UN Security Council sanctions against FR Yugoslavia, which led to unchallenged power of Slobodan Milošević and his Socialist party of Serbia. As the result, we have the main feature of political processes in Serbia after the break-down of Yugoslavia: multy-party system not as neglection but as continuation of the Communist system.
The subject of lawful right for option to buy the agricultural land
Authors: Nikolić Dušan
Published: February 2021

The lawful right of option to buy the agricultural land is established in interest of broad circle of subjects. That normative conception, in author's opinion, is in discord with our country determination for the market economy and for the freedom of agreement. The author considers that this right should be accept only for owners of neighbor parcels. In the article there are proposes for the criterions of priority in the case of competition of more subjects for the option to buy.
Constitution of the international commercial arbitration
Authors: Pavličić Igor
Published: February 2021

The technique of constitution of the arbitration is the major subject which is set in conflict which are solved by the arbitration. If its not, on the first place, precisely defined, big problems which can hardly be solved will occur and thats why is necessary to define this subject in arbitration contract.
Estimation of monetary compensation for physical pains suffered through dental damage and during the healing of injury
Authors: Selaković Srećko
Published: February 2021

Systematization of medical criteria for total evaluation of pains suffered from the moment of injury until the end of rehabilitation represents attempt of real evaluation by introducing a new methodology. Former practice mostly consisted of evaluation of intensity of pain. The intensity of pains is the basis of evaluation during the time in which the pain is suffered (at the moment of injury, through the time until medical intervention, during the medical intervention, during the course of healing, during the secondary intervention). Classification of damages of tooth and surrounding tissues which is adapted for giving an expert opinion and classification of stomatology surgery interventions are prerequisite of this methodology. The health condition of teeth before injury and total evaluation of pain in poli-traumatic conditions are unavoidable factors which are taken into consideration. Classification of total pains and practice experiences are sufficient for completing the overview of this suggested methodology.
Factors which hinder of urge psychological treatment of perpetrators of criminal acts suffering from schizophrenia if they are under 'oath'
Authors: Relić Jovica
Published: February 2021

The paper deals with factors which hinder or urge psychological treatment of perpetrators of criminal acts suffering from schizophrenia if they are under "oath". It means they must not speak freely as they could reveal state, military or official secret. In literature these people are described as patients under oath. Freud was the first to treat one of such patients and he managed to cure him mentioning he would not recommend him to anybody. In the process, hindering or urging factors relevant to the patient, his environment (family and profession) are analised as well as the factors depending on the doctor. The persons studied in this paper might under certain conditions by a court decision be sent to a mental hospital for treatment or be allowed to get treatment at liberty.
Grain properties of new inbred lines in comparison with maize hybrids
Authors: Nikolić Valentina , Žilić Slađana , Radosavljević Milica , Simić Marijana , Filipović Milomir , Čamdžija Zoran , Sečanski Mile
Published: February 2021

Grain quality parameters of five new maize inbred lines were investigated and compared with the corresponding properties of two commercial hybrids used in flour production. Kernel of the line L2 had the highest 1000-kernel mass (267.54 g), and line L2 had the highest test mass (844.68 kg m-3 ). The milling response ranged from 9.80 (L2) to 14.03 s (L1). The largest share of the soft fraction of endosperm was determined in L3 (37.13 %), which is slightly lower than in hybrid ZP 633. The highest protein (12.37 %), as well as crude fibre content (2.59 %) was determined in inbred line L4, while the lowest protein was found in the line L2 (9.36 %), and the lowest crude fibre content (1.81 %) was detected in line L3. All tested maize inbred lines were found to be highly prospective for breeding of new hybrids with improved grain quality parameters.
Generalized 2-proximal C-contraction mappings in complete ordered 2-metric space and their best proximity points
Authors: Sanatee A.G. , Iranmanesh M. , Mishra L.N. , Mishra V.N.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we extend the concept of best proximity point to 2-metric spaces and prove the existence of such points for contraction type non-self mappings in the setting of complete 2-metric spaces. Also, we presented an example to support our results.
Educational activities and learning in the Lebensborn project of Nazi Germany
Authors: Milenović Živorad
Published: February 2021

During the time of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, that is, to the end of World War II, the most horrific crimes in human history took place. Nazi Germany was based on militarism, racism, anti-Semitism, ideologism and occultism. First, the Nuremberg Laws were passed, which led to the Holocaust, and on December 12, 1935, in Munich, by the order of the commander of the SS troops, Heinrich Himmler, a secret state Lebensborn project was established. The goal of this state project was to create a pure Aryan race, which was considered a key condition for Germany to become the world's leading power in military, economic and cultural terms, and for the German people to rule the world with their sublime tradition and culture. The Lebensborn project involved the birth of children from biological mothers carefully selected from the ranks of racially pure young, beautiful and healthy German girls and biological fathers from the ranks of SS troops, who would later be housed in Lebensborn homes or in the homes of SS officers or prominent purely Aryan families. Children abducted all over Europe, who met the criteria of seemingly belonging to the members of the pure Aryan race, were also accommodated in these homes. In addition to custody and upbringing, the educational activities and teaching of these children in Lebensborn homes were carried out under strict supervision, based on the principles of fascist pedagogy the point that will be discussed in this theoretical study.