bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La maqueta como herramienta de proyecto
Authors: Solans Ibáñez Indíbil , Fernández Zapata Cristóbal , Frediani Sarfati Arturo , Sardà Ferran Jordi
Published: January 2019

Fundir en una sola asignatura la docencia de urbanismo y proyectos fue una
decisión fundacional de la Escuela de Arquitectura de Reus. La estrategia, que
partió de motivaciones metodológicas y tácticas, ya anunciaba una escuela con
voluntad de cuestionar y de renovar la docencia de la arquitectura, constituyendo
desde el principio una característica muy singular de su plan de estudios. Tal
fusión ha dado paso a proyectos donde, con el programa como pauta, la lectura
del contexto y la propuesta se producen como una secuencia continua e
indisociable, casi cíclica. Partiendo de esta convicción, hemos propuesto la
utilización de una gran maqueta como herramienta de análisis y de
contextualización urbana del proyecto. La materialidad, la escala, el contexto, pero
sobre todo los conceptos cobran en las maquetas especial valor. De su
intencionalidad dependerá una parte importante del acierto del proyecto. Es aquí
donde queríamos llegar, las maquetas en nuestras aulas-laboratorio, sean
proyectos de objetos, de mobiliario, de arquitectura o de ciudad, son siempre de
propuesta, de concepción, de anticipación y herramienta de proyecto.

Merging in a single subject the teaching of urban planning and projects (building
design) was a foundational decision of the Architecture School of Reus. The
strategy, based at first in methodological and tactical reasons, already announced
the school’s intention to question and redefine the study of Architecture,
constituting from the beginning a very unique part of their syllabus. Such merging
has given way to projects where, with the program as guidance, the reading of the
context and the proposal developed as a continuous and inseparable, almost
cyclical, sequence. Based on this conviction, we also propose the use of the largescale
model as a tool for analysis and urban contextualization of the project.
Materiality, scale, and context, but specially the concept take on a special value
with models. An important part of the success of the project will depend on its
intent. This is the point we are trying to make: models in our classroomlaboratories,
whether they are objects, furniture, buildings or city designs, are
always models of proposal, conception, anticipation and project tool.
REPRESENTAÇÕES PUBLICITÁRIAS: PERSUASÃO, NATURALIZAÇÃO E DISPUTA PELO HEGEMÔNICO ENTRE A ECONOMIA E A CULTURA
Authors: Silva Nathália Dos Santos , Piedras Elisa Reinhardt
Published: January 2019

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar as contribuições da questão das representações para a pesquisa em publicidade no contexto brasileiro contemporâneo. Na discussão teórica realizada a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, retomamos as perspectivas das representações desenvolvidas por Moscovici, Goffman e Hall, para articulá-las aos estudos da publicidade. Ilustramos o debate sobre possibilidades de operacionalização analítica das representações publicitárias destacando as contribuições de pesquisadores como Rocha, Gastaldo e Iribure. Entre os traços comuns das pesquisas que tecem o diálogo das representações com a publicidade, identificamos a discussão sobre as dinâmicas de manutenção ou transformação de representações hegemônicas e sua vinculação às diferentes práticas, contextos e grupos sociais que o processo comunicativo publicitário aproxima.
A PRODUÇÃO COLABORATIVA NO TELEJORNALISMO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A APROPRIAÇÃO DE CONTEÚDOS PRODUZIDOS PELO TELES-PECTADOR-USUÁRIO PELO SPTV
Authors: Darde Vicente William da Silva , Leme Fernando Albino
Published: January 2019

Ferramentas e tecnologias digitais disponíveis possibilitam, na atualidade, que o cidadão atue como colaborador na produção de notícias. Ao capturar a realidade pelas câmeras dos smartphones ou tablets, o espectador-usuário busca compartilhar essas informações “brutas” com o maior número de pessoas possível, por isso o envio desse material para as emissoras de TV se torna um atrativo. Porém, a apropriação desse material informativo pelos jornalistas propicia uma participação efetiva do público na produção da notícia? Para além disso, essa produção colaborativa nas coberturas dos telejornais resulta em relatos mais plurais e contextualizados dos acontecimentos? Em busca dessas respostas, analisamos a utilização do material colaborativo pelo SPTV 1ª edição, um dos principais telejornais exibidos pela TV Globo na cidade de São Paulo.
COMUNICAÇÃO COMO FERRAMENTA GOVERNAMENTAL: QUESTÕES MIGRATÓRIAS NA FRANÇA
Authors: Paes Paula De Souza
Published: January 2019

Nossa proposta aborda a maneira pela qual as práticas infocomunicacionais nacionais e locais, a partir dos anos 80, são ferramentas governamentais que ajudam na institucionalização do problema da imigração e na estigmatização de jovens descendentes de imigrantes e dos habitantes de periferia. Para isso, nossa proposta analisa um caso específico de violência ocorrido em 2010 na Villeneuve, área residencial localizada na periferia de Grenoble, quando um grupo de moradores se confronta com a polícia após a morte de Karim Boudouda, descendente de imigrantes. O objetivo principal é demonstrar que o tratamento público da imigração visa localizar os “problemas” relacionados a esse tema, reforçando os aspectos convencionais relacionados a esse problema. Apresentada como expressão de abertura e de transparência do Estado em relação aos cidadãos, a comunicação pública em matéria de imigração manifesta, entretanto, a ação de regulação da esfera pública pelo Estado.
A unidade ética em "O mundo como vontade e como representação" de Schopenhauer
Authors: Silva Luan Corrêa da
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é o de defender a unidade ética em O mundo como vontade e como representação. Trata-se da consideração ética da Besonnenheit, para além da sua consideração gnosiológica, frequentemente remetida à estética apresentada no terceiro livro do Mundo. De acordo com a minha interpretação, a consideração “ética” diz respeito não apenas ao desenvolvimento da ética da compaixão e da ética da negação da vontade, no quarto livro do Mundo. O sentido ético do Mundo reside, de forma mais ampla, na possibilidade de superação do princípio de razão, e, portanto, da individuação, uma postura que tem consequências éticas já desde a primeira linha da obra magna de Schopenhauer.
Pessimismo e política: conservadorismo e crítica social a partir de Schopenhauer
Authors: Ramos Flamarion Caldeira
Published: January 2019

A relação entre política e pessimismo, ou mais precisamente, entre a possibilidade de mudança social e política, por um lado, e a rejeição metafísica dessa mesma possibilidade, por outro, tem sido marcante na recepção da filosofia de Schopenhauer desde o século dezenove. Por um lado, uma vasta gama de autores mobilizará argumentos pessimistas que ou coincidem ou se inspiram em Schopenhauer para defender uma perspectiva imobilista e conservadora da política e, por outro, vários autores se valerão de argumentos presentes na filosofia de Schopenhauer como uma denúncia das condições de iniquidade e injustiça da vida nas sociedades modernas capitalistas. Por essa razão, é possível de fato destacar tanto uma “direita schopenhaueriana” quanto uma “esquerda schopenhaueriana”. No presente artigo procurarei apresentar um quadro geral da recepção da filosofia de Schopenhauer no que diz respeito ao ideário propriamente político, partindo de uma análise do vínculo entre seu pessimismo e sua filosofia política e desembocando nos diversos usos do pessimismo feitos para justificar as mais diversas posições políticas.
Schopenhauer e o teatro: ilusão, resignação e sabedoria de vida
Authors: Fonseca Eduardo Ribeiro da
Published: January 2019

Nosso texto pretende evidenciar aspectos da relação entre o teatro como forma de arte e como metáfora da experiência humana na filosofia de Schopenhauer, partindo das considerações sobre (a) o quadro objetivo da existência como conservação, sexualidade e morte, (b) da tragédia como dramatização do conflito íntimo da vontade e resignação a esse quadro objetivo da existência e (c) da sabedoria de vida como um teatro no qual a marionete humana veste uma fantasia de porco-espinho para encontrar a distância mais adequada em relação às outras pessoas, que para ela representam o calor da proteção, da segurança e da compaixão, mas por outro lado, representam também os aguilhões das outras vontades individuais carentes e famélicas como a sua.
Análise do processo criativo em uma agência de publicidade e propaganda
Authors: Pinheiro Cristiano Max Pereira , Schreiber Dusan , Valente Tais Bitencourt , Souza Mikaela De
Published: January 2019

Este ensaio se propõe a analisar a criatividade no processo de trabalho de uma agência de publicidade. A reflexão ocorre na busca pelo usa da criatividade em etapas e departamentos que possuem naturezas criativas diferentes. Para isso se utilizou a pesquisa descritiva e a observação participativa como forma de apresentação de um caso. Como resultado obteve-se uma comparação entre o uso da criatividade nos diferentes setores de uma agência.
Artes, ciencias y saberes neozapatistas. Nacer desde abajo el nuevo mundo no capitalista
Authors: Aguirre Rojas Carlos Antonio
Published: January 2019

Este ensayo intenta reconstruir la innovadora y original concepción que el  movimiento neozapatista mexicano tiene, de la fundamental dimensión de la actividad humana del arte. Resituando la iniciativa neozapatista de los  Festivales del 'CompArte por la Humanidad' dentro del proyecto mas global  del neozapatismo actual, el texto trata también de mostrar las coincidencias de los planteamientos neozapatistas sobre el arte, con algunas profundas  tesis de Marx, de Walter Benjamin y de Michel Foucault sobre este mismo tema.
Translating the hemodynamic response: why focused interdisciplinary integration should matter for the future of the functional neuroimaging
Authors: Cinciute Sigita
Published: January 2019

The amount of information acquired with functional neuroimaging techniques, particularly fNIRS and fMRI, is rapidly growing and has enormous potential studying human brain functioning. As follows, many scientists focus on solving computational neuroimaging and Big Data issues to advance the discipline. However, the main obstacle - the accurate translation of the hemodynamic response (HR), by the investigation of a physiological phenomenon called neurovascular coupling (NVC),- is still not fully overcome and more importantly often overlooked in this context. This article provides a brief and critical overview of significant findings from cellular biology and in vivo brain physiology with a focus on advancing existing HR modelling paradigms. A brief historical timeline of these disciplines of neuroscience is presented for readers to grasp the concept better, and some possible solutions for further scientific discussion are provided.
Speciation rates of subviral pathogens of angiosperms abruptly decreased at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
Authors: Bajdek Piotr
Published: January 2019

Biogeographic distribution of infected plants and the continental drift theory allow a time calibration of the phylogenetic tree of Pospiviroidae. Viroids evolved in the late Early Cretaceous shortly after the appearance of angiosperms, which constitute their only known hosts. No decline in the estimated speciation rates of Pospiviroidae is observed during the Late Cretaceous but they abruptly decreased at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary. However, an adaptive radiation of Pospiviroidae which occurred in the late Paleocene may reflect a recovery from the K–Pg mass extinction. The evolutionary history of viroids has been in part shaped by radiation and extinction events of angiosperms. Herein, for the first time I show the probable impact of a mass extinction event on the speciation rates of subviral pathogens, which are the simplest known lifeforms.
Extinction and the U.S. Endangered Species Act
Authors: Greenwald Noah , Suckling Kieran F , Hartl Brett , Mehrhoff Loyal
Published: January 2019

The United States Endangered Species Act is one of the strongest laws of any nation for preventing species extinction, but quantifying the Act’s effectiveness has proven difficult. To provide one measure of effectiveness, we identified listed species that have gone extinct and used previously developed methods to update an estimate of the number of species extinctions prevented by the Act. To date, only five species have been confirmed extinct with another 22 possibly extinct following protection. Another 71 listed species are extinct or possibly extinct, but were last seen before protections were enacted, meaning the Act’s protections never had the opportunity to save these species. In contrast, a total of 39 species have been fully recovered, including 23 in the last 10 years. We estimate the Endangered Species Act has prevented the extinction of roughly 465 species since passage in 1973, and has to date saved more than 99 percent of species under its protection.
Delay Causes Distribution: EU vs Croatian Coastal Airports
Authors: Bračić Matija , Pavlin Stanislav , Škurla Babić Ružica
Published: January 2019

The growth in air traffic in recent decades in Europe has consequently caused aircraft delays due to insufficient capacities of airspace and airports. Primary and reactionary delays at certain European and Croatian coastal airports in 2014 are analyzed in the paper according to CODA methodology and classified according to main flight delays causes. The largest share of delay minutes at the Croatian coastal airports (75%) are related to reactionary delays, ranging from around 20% to 60% of total delay at the most congested European airports. Special emphasis is given to the analyses of rotational reactionary delay, and the results indicate that the share of reactionary delay in total delay at the Split airport is significantly higher compared to selected European airports, which may be explained by delays propagated from air traffic network and limited airport capacity. The total recorded delay at Croatian coastal airports is minor compared to total recorded delay in the European air traffic system, but delay patterns are quite similar, especially during peak summer months.
Effects of physicochemical properties of different substrates on characters and yield of maize
Authors: Yang Wei
Published: January 2019

A reasonable method was used to analyze the effects of different substrates on the characters and yield of maize, and to improve the quality and yield of maize. The effects of the maize characters and yield of national Fluvo-aquic soil fertility and fertilizer efficiency monitoring base were analyzed from 6 aspects: fertilization and combined application, fertilization and density coupling, controlled release fertilizer (CRF), fertilization level, fertilization depth and proportion, and the amount of organic manure (chicken manure). Data processing is done by using Excel2003 and SPSS17.0 software, and multiple comparisons are made by using Duncan’s new multiple range test method. The experiment of the influence factor of fertilization and combined application shows that the combination of NPK+ organic fertilizer (constant and high) can increase maize character ratio and NPK+ high-amount organic manure can increase maize yield. The experiment of the influence factor of fertilization and density coupling shows that the maize characters reached the optimum under the condition of high fertilizer. The yield of maize is highest when the density is 60000 plants /hm2 and the amount of fertilizer is 10.71kg, 3.57kg and 8.93kg per 667m2. The experiment of the influence factor of controlled release fertilizer shows that the characters of CRF V and CRF VI are the best. The control time of CRF III, CRF V, CRF VI, and CRF IV compound fertilizer is long, which can increase maize yield. The experiment of the influence factor of fertilizer level shows that the best character of maize is achieved by using the controlled release fertilizer of Agricultural University 450 kg/hm2 and two-topdressing 600 kg/hm2. In the process of corn production, the use of A-40 treatment (Volfertile controlled release fertilizer 600kg/hm2) and the one-time application of base fertilizer can increase the yield of maize. The experiment of the influence factor of fertilization depth and proportion show that the best combination is that seed fertilizer 20% urea, 40% diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate were applied under the surface of 8cm and base fertilizer 40% urea, 60% diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate were applied under the surface of 16cm. It can improve the character and yield of maize at the same time. The experiment of the influence factor of organic manure (chicken manure) shows that the amount of organic fertilizer (chicken manure) 26923kg per hectare with fertilizing 35kg per plot is the best amount of fertilizer, and the yield of maize increases. The proposed method can comprehensively and accurately analyze the effects of different substrates on the character and yield of maize, which can promote rational fertilization in maize and improve the quality and yield of maize steadily.
Brackish water irrigation on the characteristics of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the soil nearby crop roots
Authors: Li Yun
Published: January 2019

To study the effect of brackish water on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil nearby root zone of crops. By analyzing the influence of different levels of salt and fresh water combination irrigation on organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus migration rule in the soil, and the dynamic change rule in different sections to investigate the spatial distribution of each index at the end of the experiment. According to the soil properties and root distribution of Zizyphusjujuba, brackish water drip irrigation quota, irrigation water salinity and fertilization measures of root zone, different gradient levels of combined irrigation experiments were set up. The experiment with fresh water was used as control to establish orthogonal test scheme. The content of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in soil nearby crop roots was measured, and the measurement of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil nearby crop roots was utilized to analyze the effect of brackish water irrigation on the soil nearby crop roots. With the increase of brackish water amount for irrigation, nitrate and alkali nitrogen content in the soil nearby roots was significantly decreased, and the reduction trend is going up after a significant amount of brackish water for irrigation is added. While phosphorus content decreased at different levels after brackish water amount for irrigation was increased, but the decrease is not significant. Brackish water irrigation with appropriate amount of salt can improve the effective utilization rate of carbon and nitrogen and phosphorus in soil, and result in higher yield for crops. The fruit set is the highest under brackish water irrigation with 3 g/L salt.
RBF network based motion trajectory optimization for robot used in agricultural activities
Authors: Sun Yanan
Published: January 2019

At present, the efficiency of the method to track and predict motion trajectory of fruit and vegetable picking robot was low and the realization process was complex. Therefore, a research on motion trajectory optimization of fruit and vegetable picking robot based on RBF network was proposed. After analyzing the reason for data class imbalance of fruit and vegetable picking robot, this paper introduced the processing technology MWMO in RBF network. Then, the MWMO technology was embedded in the tracking and prediction research of motion trajectory optimization of fruit and vegetable picking robot. Moreover, the semi-supervised learning algorithm was used as the framework and integrated the processing technology of data class imbalance of motion trajectory to improve the efficiency of tracking and prediction of fruit and vegetable picking robot. According to the integration result, combined with the idea about the calculation of spatial function and the tracking and prediction of motion trajectory in RBF network, we designed the matching principle of trajectory similarity of time and space and realized the matching between the predicted position and the actual position, so that the tracking and prediction of fruit and vegetable picking robot could be completed. Experimental results show that the average calculation time of proposed method is 2.0S, which is only half of average time of traditional tracking and prediction method. It fully proves that the proposed optimization method can accurately track and predict the motion trajectory of fruit and vegetable picking robot. The prediction efficiency is higher and the time consumptionis shorter.
Design of a peanut moisture detector based on STM32and MATLAB
Authors: Yin Yuanyuan
Published: January 2019

The measurement accuracy and repetition rate of the existing peanut moisture detector are poor. To solve this problem, this paper designs a capacitive peanut moisture detector based on the capacitance method. Firstly, the structure of coaxial cylindrical capacitive moisture sensor is optimized. STM32 chip microcomputer is used in the main control chip, and the change in capacitance is transformed to change in frequency by capacitance detection circuit. The temperature and quality of peanut kernel are measured by DS18B20 temperature sensor and weighing sensor respectively. The influence of particle size, moisture content, temperature and volume density on the output differential frequency of capacitance sensor are studied by using the differential frequency method. In the range of moisture content of 4.3%-19.1% and temperature of 10°C-40°C, a mathematical model for the relationship among moisture content, temperature, and differential frequency is established. The prediction test of peanut kernel’s moisture content shows that the measurement error of moisture content is within ±0.5%, indicating that the instrument has high measurement accuracy and repeatability when it is used to detect the moisture content of peanut kernels, and has a wide application prospect.
Purification and properties of a phytase from Candida melibiosica 2491
Authors: Georgiev Danail , Dobrev Georgi , Shilev Stefan
Published: January 2019

Aim: To characterize the enzyme phytase produced by phytase-active Candida melibiosica 2491 for subsecuent use in feed industry. Methods: C. melibiosica 2491 had been selected among 118 strains as the most productive strain of phytase. In present study, the enzyme was first purified through electrophoresis grade in four steps: precipitation with organic solvent, ultrafiltration, gel chromatography and Denaturing gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). Results: Higher levels of purification were obtained using ethanol. The gel chromatography showed an elution maximum at 11-12 fractions that characterize the corresponding one as high-molecular weight phytase. The purification level was found to be 19.5 folds with specific enzyme activity of 2.75 U/mg protein and yield – 19.64 %. Furthermore, the molecular weight of purified phytase was estimated to 35.9 кDa, with optimum of pH – at 4.5 and optimum of temperature at 55 °C. Maximum phytase activity in case of whole cells was found at 50 оС, which was less than using the purified enzyme. It was activated through 5 mM of Ba2+, 10 mM of Mn2+ and K+ ions. Total inhibition effect was achieved from Fe3+, Hg2+ and Zn2+. Copper ions (Cu2+) in concentrations at 5 mM conducted to partial inhibition effect, but at 10 mM the phytase activity was equal to zero. Low inhibition effect was determined in case of cobalt ions (Co2+) at concentrations of 10 mM. The phytase displayed broad sub­strate specificity and the Km for phytate was estimated to be 0.21 mM under the experimental conditions, while Vmax – 19.9 µМ/ml. Conclusion: Although the phytase produced by C. melibiosica 2491 is a promising enzyme to be used successfully in feed production, more investigations are needed to ensure its advantages.
Transglutaminase addition increases quality and acceptation of sausages obtained from mechanically separated meat of hybrid sorubins
Authors: Alana Ávalo Hashinokuti Angela Dulce Cavenaghi-Altemio, , Albuquerque Daniele Menezes , Fonseca Gustavo Graciano
Published: January 2019

This work aimed at evaluating the chemical and physical parameters of sausages prepared with mechanically separated meat (MSM) from hydrid sorubim fish without (0.0%) or with the addition of the transglutaminase enzyme at 0.3% and 0.6%, and at analyzing the sensory and the acceptance parameters of these products. The addition of transglutaminase differed significantly in the chemical composition (P<0.05). The protein content gradually decreased from 21.83 to 19.23% while the shear strength increased from 2.02 to 2.95 N with the transglutaminase addition. Moreover, due to combination with salt and phosphate, it promoted a slight influence on the colour of the obtained product, so that the brightness, the yellowness and the redness increased in the formulations added of the enzyme (0.3 and 0.6%) presented better results compared to the formulation without addition of the enzyme. Sensory analysis indicated that there was significant difference in the attributes texture and flavor, being recorded higher average values for treatments with the addition of transglutaminase (0.3 and 0.6%) in relation to the treatment absence of this enzyme (P<0.05). The acceptance rate for sausages which had transglutaminase in the formulation ranged between 79.86 and 84.03%, indicating a high acceptance. Sausages containing transglutaminase in the formulation obtained a higher purchasing intention from the consumers (66%).
Ripeness stage effects on quality characteristics of smoothies made up of sweet cherries (P. aviumL., cv. ‘Lapins’)
Authors: Lopriore Teresa De Pilli, Giuseppe
Published: January 2019

Sweet cherries are reported to contain substantial amounts of important phytochemicals such as anthocyanins and polyphenolics. Minimally processed fruits, like smoothies, retain a large quantity of phytochemicals and they could actually be considered a valid alternative to fresh eaten fruits. The effects of ripeness stage on quality and functional characteristics of smoothies of sweet cherries (P. avium L.) of a very important cultivar at international level (cv ‘Lapins’) and pasteurized by microwaves were studied. A significant decrease of L* (from 25.96 to 23.33) and hue angle values (from 41.22 to 33.32) with ripeness stages was observed. The polyphenol content of smoothies increased significantly in successive ripeness stage (from 375.39 to 541.07mg gallic acid per kg-1) as the antioxidant capacity (from 11142.00 to 12412.67 mmol TEAC per kg-1). Also, the sensorial analysis results showed that the overall acceptability score increased from the first to third ripeness stages (from 4.20 to 8.30). This research highlights the importance of ripeness stage also for processed fruit. In particular, in our case, the production of smoothies by ‘Lapins’ sweet cherries should be carried out with fruits of the late harvest period in order to maximise functional and sensorial properties of this product.
Enhancement of thermal stability of soybean oil by blending with tea seed oil
Authors: Prabsangob Nopparat , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: January 2019

Frying accelerates oil deterioration through several chemical reactions, particularly lipid oxidation. Soybean oil (SBO), the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rich oil, is prone to thermal degradation. Nevertheless, tea seed oil (TSO), mainly consisting of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), is quite stable. This work aimed to elucidate thermal stability of SBO as affected by TSO blending at varying volume ratios. After frying for several repeated cycles, SBO/TSO blends with the ratios of 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 showed lower total oxidative degree than SBO alone. FTIR spectra suggested less cis C=C deformation of the SBO blended with TSO, and the 60:40 SBO/TSO blend contained the lowest secondary oxidation products. Along frying, less change in viscosity (color) was found for the 60:40 and 50:50 (60:40) SBO/TSO blends. Improved thermal stability of the blended oils was expected due to the decrease in PUFA and increase in phenolic content, and this study suggested that the 60:40 SBO/TSO blend showed the highest stability.
Effect of crop season on the quality and composition of extra virgin olive oils from Greek and Spanish varieties grown in the Oriental region of Morocco
Authors: Moumen, Kamal Belhaj Farid Mansouri, Abdessamad Ben , Marie-Laure Fauconnier Gaetan Richard, , Sindic Marianne , Ahmed Elamrani Hana Serghini Caid,
Published: January 2019

This study aims to evaluate the variations in the quality and composition of extra virgin olive oils of Spanish (Arbequina, Arbosana) and Greek (Koroneiki) varieties produced over two crop seasons in the Oriental region of Morocco, taking into consideration the influence of climatic conditions. To this end, serval parameters were evaluated, such as quality indices, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, minor compounds (phytosterols, phenolic compounds, tocopherols and pigments) and oxidative stability. The results obtained in this study indicate that the majority of the studied parameters, with the exception of phytosterols, are influenced by climatic conditions of the crop season (p < 0.05). Additionally, the majority of the studied parameters were also influenced by the cultivar factor (p < 0.05). However, the studied varieties produce an excellent oil quality with a chemical composition respecting the requirements recommended by the International Olive Council. The main variations observed on the analyzed olive oils between the two crop seasons are those of antioxidant parameters, such as phenols and oxidative stability. Triacylglycerols and fatty acids are also influenced by the crop season’s climatic conditions. Nonetheless, the behavior of the studied varieties towards climatic conditions is different.
Genotyping of Albania olive (Olea europaea) germplasm by SSR molecular marker
Authors: Muzzalupo Innocenzo , Giuliana Badolati Antonella Muto, , Veizi Aulona , Chiappetta Adriana
Published: January 2019

The increasing interest in olive varieties with high productivity and quality is the basis of modern olive growing. The molecular characterization of olive varieties is essential to maximize the genetic diversity in the in situ and ex situ collections of the olive germplasm. The importance of studies aimed at identification and selection of genotypes that meet the requirements for plant nursery certification, for oils traceability and to preserve genotypes that are not widespread from risks of extinction, is evident. In this context, DNA fingerprinting represents a valid tool because the productivity and quality of olive oil are intrinsic characteristics of the original varieties. To date, the Albanian olive-growing heritage has been little studied and the number of varieties has not yet been well defined. As a consequence, it doesn’t a precise characterization of the Albanian genetic entities. The aim of this work was to contribute in clarifying the identity of the Albanian olive cultivars, using the SSR molecular markers. We have genotyped olive trees at the level of nine nuclear microsatellite loci or SSR, pre-selected among those present in the literature and we have identified 38 unique genotypes. It has not been possible to establish a clear correlation between clustering of plants, depending on molecular profiles, and the geographical distribution of origin or maturation period or the intended use of drupes. However, our results show a high genetic diversity and a high discrimination capacity of the tested SSR markers.
Calabrian extra-virgin olive oil from Frantoio cultivar: chemical composition and health properties
Authors: M. C. Tenuta, T. Falco M. Leporini, M. R. Loizzo, , Pellicano Vincenzo Sicari, Teresa M. , Tundis Rosa
Published: January 2019

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) plays a crucial role in the Mediterranean diet. Recently, attention has been focused on presence in EVOO of phenolic compounds, phytochemicals characterized by a series of healthy properties. This paper analyzed the phenolic profile, the inhibitory activity against carbohydrate hydrolising enzyme as well as the radical scavenging activity of EVOO obtained from Olea europea L. cv. Frantoio. Samples derived from fruits collected in four different areas: Cariati, Vaccarizzo Albanese, Montalto Uffugo, and Praia a Mare. The phenolic profile obtained by HPLC revealed the presence of hydroxytyrosol (3,4-DHPEA, between 1.2 and 5.3 mg/kg) and p-hydroxyphenylethanol or tyrosol (p-HPEA, between 1.1 and 5.4 mg/kg), as the main components. Secoiridoids and their derivatives were also found in high concentrations (3,4-DHPEA-EDA 50.3-98.4 mg/kg, p-HPEA-EDA 34.6-52.9 mg/kg). All samples showed carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibition. The most promising activity was observed with EVOO from Vaccarizzo Albanese (IC50 of 65.5 and 57.7 µg/ml against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively). The same sample showed the highest antioxidant activity of 45.3 and 56.3 µg/ml against DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively. This sample was richest in phenols. In conclusion, EVOO has high-level bioactive compounds and a promising antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity.
Quality evaluation of Aitana, Caiazzana and Nocellara del Belice table olives fermented with a commercial starter culture
Authors: Sebastiano Intelisano, Paolo Rapisarda Flora V. Romeo, Nicolina Timpanaro,
Published: January 2019

The present work studies the effects of a commercial starter culture (L. plantarum Lyoflora V3, Sacco) on microbiological and chemical parameters during fermentation of Aitana and Caiazzana black olives and Nocellara del Belice turning colour olives. Total phenol content and carpological parameters were assessed on raw olives, while pH, free acidity and different single phenols of brine samples were analysed. The two black olive cultivars were ready to eat after two months while Nocellara del Belice after five months. Different microbial populations were assessed throughout the brining period. E. coli was never detected in all the analysed samples, while S. aureus was detected (2.23 Log10 CFU mL−1) only at beginning of fermentation in Nocellara del Belice control sample. Both hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol trends depended on starter, cultivar and time of fermentation, while oleuropein and verbascoside showed a different behaviour among cultivars. The starter addition has resulted in faster acidification, but a low pH value (3.39 min and 3.71 max values in the final products) was reached in both inoculated and control samples of the three cultivars. According to the Principal Component Analysis, hardness, bitter and acid parameters had an incisive role in the explanation of the variability among the sensory data of the three cultivars. The sensory profiles evaluated at the end of fermentation highlighted significant differences among the samples of the three cultivars for all descriptors.
Evaluation of mating and the causes of noises at night in small dromedary camel herds
Authors: Al-Shami, Saad Al-Sultan Mohamad Abdulmohsen, Salah Abdulaziz , Ekna Marzouk Al-
Published: January 2019

This study aims to evaluate the mating act in camel herds with a small female number and to determine the causes of noises and disturbances heard among the members at night during the breeding season. The proper sex ratio in the camel herds is one male for 50-80 females, so the small number of females could not be sufficient for the intense desire of males during the short breeding season. The later situation worsens if more than one male exists within the herd members. The dominant males spent a longer time in mating (P < 0.01) than the submissive ones. The mating time increased (P < 0.01) if the females showed their readiness for copulation. The mating performance was successful if one male existed alone. The submissive male failed in performing intromission during the dominant presence. Improper sex ratio because of the small number of females did not satisfy the male desire. Therefore, the dominant male pretended to rest beside a preferred female at night in order to rape her through sudden mounting. Forced mating occurred by either coercion or deceiving the females. After mounting, the forced females tried to get rid of the males by biting his knee or face seriously. The behavioral responses of the forced females were the same whether they held down by the male or after tying their legs as many breeders do. During coercion, the male tried to fix her underneath by pressing her forearms. The later situation would probably end with improper intromission and in turn impaired reproduction.
Changes in soil microbial diversity and control of Fusarium oxysporum in continuous cropping cucumber greenhouses following biofumigation
Authors: Meng Lingbo , Runzhi Zhang, Chunyi Zhang Xiaotong Yao, Zichao Yang, , S. Li, T. Liu, C. Zheng X. Wang, N. Xu,
Published: January 2019

Soil biofumigation with Brassia plant parts has been demonstrated to suppress soil-borne pathogens. This effect has been attributed to the bactericidal effect of their glucosinolate degradation products. However, little is known regarding the effect of biofumigation on the microbial community structure and control of Fusarium oxysporum in continuous cropping cucumber systems. Field and pot experiments were performed to study the effect of biofumigation with brassica crops of different glucosinolate contents on the microbial diversity and control of Fusarium oxysporum during the cucumber growth period in a continuous cropping culture system. Samples collected from biofumigation and control treatments differed in the number of soil bacterial bands observed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiling, suggesting that biofumigation changed the soil microbial diversity. Compared with control and chemically-fumigated (HY) soils, the biofumigated soil exhibited significantly higher Shannon-Weaver diversity indices for bacteria and fungi. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed that soil bacteria communities were different in the hymexazol (HY)-treated soils compared with the communities before biofumigation (BB) and those in the no fumigation (CK) groups. This was true for the mustard containing high glucosinolates (MHG), mustard containing low glucosinates (MLG), mustard (MU), and turnip (TU) groups. Pot experiments demonstrated that the amounts of Fusarium oxysporum in MHG- and HY-treated soils were significantly lower than those in other biofumigation treatments. These results demonstrate the potential utility of Brassica crops in the control of Fusarium wilt in continuous cucumber cropping systems, and the control effect of MGH was the best compared with other treatments, which could effectively reduce Fusarium oxysporum in soil by more than 60%.
Effect of Alternative Housing System and Hen Genotype on Egg Quality Characteristics
Authors: Sokołowicz Zofia , Krawczyk Józefa , Dykiel Magdalena
Published: January 2019

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of type of alternative housing system and layer genotype on the quality of table eggs. The investigated eggs came from native Greenleg Partridge hens (Z-11) and Rhode Island Red hens (R-11) covered by the gene-pool protection program, as well as from Hy-line Brown commercial hens from litter barn (LS), free range (FR), and organic systems (OS). Eggs for the study were collected from the hens at 56 wk of age. Egg quality assessment was based on the following values egg traits: weight, shape index, yolk, albumen, and shell percentage in the whole egg; eggshell traits: color intensity, weight, thickness, density, breaking strength, physical features of egg content: albumen height, value of Haugh units, yolk color; presence of meat/ blood spots and cholesterol, higher fatty acids, vitamin A and E in egg yolks. In the rearing systems under study, eggs with the highest weight were laid by commercial hens, and the type of alternative rearing system had no significant effect on this trait. Shell colour intensity depends on the breed of hen, whereas the rearing system has no significant effect on this trait. Hen genotype and housing system had an effect on egg shell weight, thickness, and density. The housing system influences the content of MUFA, PUFA, PUFAn-6 and PUFAn-3 as well as PUFA 6/3 in egg yolks. No effect of the housing system on egg yolk cholesterol content was observed.
Alleviation of chilling injury in postharvest banana with protection materials
Authors: Gomes, Silvia H.M.G. da Silva J.D. Lima, D.E. Rozane, E.N. , Kluge R.A.
Published: January 2019

Storage of bananas at low temperature is limited due to the development of chilling injury (CI). The purpose of this paper was to investigate the influence of different protection materials on occurrence of CI and the characteristics of banana in postharvest. Current paper also investigated temperatures variations in bags. The experiments were conducted with fruits of Musa spp., cultivars Prata (AAB) and Nanica (AAA). Comprised a completely randomized 2x3x6 factorial design, two cultivars, three temperatures (5°C or 10°C for 10 hours and 20°C constant) and five protection materials (blue transparent polyethylene, white non-woven fabric, white opaque polyethylene, bubble wrap, white laminated non-woven fabric) and control (without protection). The different protection materials kept the temperature inside at 1°C higher than environment. The critical temperature for occurrence of chilling injury was 5ºC for ‘Prata’ banana and 10ºC for ‘Nanica’ banana. White laminated non-woven fabric induced lower CI index and tended to maintain the peel color characteristics (L*, C* and ho) higher, compared to other protection materials. ‘Nanica’ fruits stored at 20ºC bagged with white laminated non-woven fabric exhibited lower incidence of Crown rot. Other physicochemical characteristics evaluated were not influenced by low temperature and protection material, only by cultivar.
Selenium speciation and biological characteristics of selenium-rich Bailing mushroom, Pleurotus tuoliensis
Authors: Zhang, Qingxiu Hu Yajie Zou, Fang Du, Haijun
Published: January 2019

Nowadays the study of selenium-rich mushrooms is very popular. In the present study, selenium speciation in fruiting body of Pleurotus tuoliensis was investigated in cultivation substrates with different concentrations of sodium selenite, as well as mycelia growth and mushroom development. The results showed that the P. tuoliensis mycelia appeared good tolerance to selenium at all test concentrations. A selenium concentration of 10 mg/kg promoted fruiting of P. tuoliensis; the fruiting bodies were of good quality and had a low malformation rate. HPLC–ICP-MS determined that organic seleniums enriched in stipes and caps existed mainly in the form of selenoCystine and selenoMethionine at selenium concentrations of 10-100 mg/kg. These findings suggest that P. tuoliensis could be developed as a selenium-rich mushroom product for use as a novel dietary source of bioavailable supplemental selenium.
Changes of the chlorogenic acid, caffeine, gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and antioxdant activities during germination of coffee bean (Coffea arabica)
Authors: Kim Yeokyeong , Jhon Yeongyil Kim, and Deok-Young
Published: January 2019

This study was carried out to identify changes in functional materials during the germination of coffee seeds. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), caffeine, and g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was assayed by HPLC method while germinating coffee beans for 20 days. The contents of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid compounds were measured by colorimetric method. Antioxidant activity was measured by both 2,2-diphenyl-2-pycryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+) assay method. It was found that CGAs (5-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), 4-CQA, 3-CQA), caffeine, and GABA increased and then decreased during germination. There were no significant changes in total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activities. Especially, all of the major isomers of CGA increased to the highest value at 10 days of germination, and GABA also increased significantly at the early stage of germination. This study showed that coffee beans changed into more functional food materials by germination and showed maximum functionality in appropriate germination conditions.
Stability of antibodies and proteins in camel whey powder treated by Gamma-irradiation during radurisation process
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad Ibrahim , Qawasmeh Khaldoon Azmi Al- , Nusair Shreen Deeb , Qatouseh Luay Fawzi Abu- , Qaoud Khaled Mahmoud Al-
Published: January 2019

Camel milk and milk derived products have a growing potential in pharmacy, food and biotechnology industry. Its therapeutic value has been investigated and documented in many studies before. The contamination of camel whey powder during manufacturing and transportation may impact economy; re-pasteurisation could cause dramatic effect on antibodies and proteins of camel whey powder. Radurisation (0.4 to 10 kGy) process could be a choice in sterilising camel whey powder. This study aimed to investigate the stability of camel antibodies and proteins in whey powder before and after Gamma-irradiation. Efficacy of radiation dose on microbial content was also studied. Four batches of hyper immune camel whey powder containing antibodies against Propionibacterium acnes were subjected to six Gamma-radiation doses (1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5 and 9 kGy). Results revealed marked decline in the total microbial count (3-5 log cycles) after escalating the doses of irradiation. Minor effect on antibody activity (7.4 % reduction) was observed after treating the whey by 9 kGy. Moreover, the concentration of total camel IgG was reduced by 13% using the same irradiation dose. In addition, no effect on major whey proteins (Lactoferrin, Casein, and α-lactoalbumin) was revealed in protein identification using SDS-PAGE. In conclusion, using 9 kGy dose of Gamma-irradiation for sterilising camel whey powder is effectively reducing bacterial contamination with limited effects on antibodies activity and protein stability.
Foliar fungicide application as management strategie to minimize the growing threat of yellow rust on wheat in Portugal
Authors: José Coutinho, Rita Costa, Nuno Pinheiro Conceição Gomes, Ana Sofia Almeida, , Ana Sofia Bagulho and Benvindo Maçãs João Coco, Armindo Costa,
Published: January 2019

Yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a foliar wheat disease that cause significant yield losses in Portuguese bread and durum wheat yield, mainly in recent years. The strategies to disease control include cultural practices (crop rotation, use of balanced fertilizers, framework of planting dates), use of resistant varieties and fungicide application. The concern of modern plant breeding has been the improvement of new varieties with escape behavior to diseases and/or genetic resistance, but currently, the use of chemical produts offers a pratical and rapid response solution to combat rust outbreaks. In the present study, field experiments were conducted from 2013/2014 to 2016/2017 growing seasons to evaluate: 1) resistance levels against yellow rust in some bread and durum wheat varieties widely used by Portuguese farmers; 2) the opportunity of application of fungicide in the control of Puccinia striiformis in two stages of plant development; 3) gains obtained in each situation in yield and thousand kernel weight (TKW) compared to the control without fungicide application. This study allows to conclude that the need to use fungicide sprays it´s related not only on the carry over of rust inoculum in crop, but also of the races/strains of P. striiformis occurring in a region, the crop growth stage at time of symptom appearance and on variety level of resistance.