bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology: The Airborne Heavy Metal Pollution and Microbes
Authors: Liu Huan
Published: December 2022

Article 1. Epidemiology: The Airborne Heavy Metal Pollution and Microbes/病理传播学：环境空气重金属与微生物 Author: Liu Huan(1983- ), Master of Science (First Class Honours), The University of Auckland.
RSMVC: A new-simple method to select the cutting tool base on multi criteria
Authors: Van Dua , Xuan Thinh
Published: December 2022

Selecting the right cutting tool material for the type of workpiece material plays a very important role in the machining process. The efficiency of the machining process is greatly influenced by this selection. The tables in the manuals or the manufacturer's instructions are commonly used documents for the selection of cutting tool materials. Within each of these document types, the cutting tool materials were described by different criteria. So, tool selection is considered as a multi-criteria decision-making activity. The values of the criteria for each type of cutting tool can be a number or a certain range. This study proposes a new method to rank and select cutting tools. First, a ranking of the solutions for each criterion will be performed. This ranking is based on the mean value of the criteria in each solution. Therefore, this method is called "Ranking the Solutions based on the Mean Value of Criteria - RSMVC". The RSMVC method was proven to be a highly reliable method for ranking the cutting tool materials. These results were successfully verified when solving the problems in different cases of cutter material selection.
Numerical Modeling of Surface-Piercing Flexible Hydrofoils in Waves
Authors: Wheeler Miles P. , Matveev Konstantin I.
Published: December 2022

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Hydrofoils made of metal alloys were broadly used on high-speed boats in the past. Nowadays, much lighter hydrofoils made of composite materials are finding increasingly more applications on sailing yachts and powerboats. However, these hydrofoils are usually rather flexible, and their design requires computationally demanding analysis, involving hydroelastic calculations. In this study, exploratory high-fidelity simulations have been carried out for surface-piercing hydrofoils in unsteady conditions with help of a computational fluid dynamics solver for fluid flow coupled with a finite element solver for the foil structure. To model unsteady foil deformations, the morphing mesh approach was utilized, and the volume-of-fluid method was applied for multiphase flow simulations. The computational setup, as well as verification and validation study, is described in this paper. Three hydrofoils of different stiffness, including a perfectly rigid foil, were simulated in both calm water conditions and regular head waves. Representative examples of foil deflections and wave patterns, as well as time-dependent structural and hydrodynamic characteristics, are presented.

Introduction

Hydrofoils are efficient lift-generating devices intended for application in water flows. Hydrofoils have streamlined shapes, and when operating at small incidence angles, they can produce high lift forces at relatively low drag, when moving in a certain speed range. Due to this ability, hydrofoils and their derivatives are commonly used as control and propulsive devices, e.g., as rudders, fins, and propeller sections.

In the second half of the last century, hydrofoils found broad applications on fast boats, such as passenger ferries and military ships (McLeavy 1976; Matveev & Duncan 2005). These craft were able to achieve high speeds at lift–drag ratios (LDR) around 12–15, significantly higher than LDR of other hulls, such as planing boats. However, due to rather limited favorable operational conditions with regard to speed and payload, popularity of hydrofoils somewhat receded. One of drawbacks was that hydrofoils were usually made of metal alloys, thus being relatively heavy and difficult to service.
EL MICROLEARNING (MICROAPRENDIZAJE) COMO HERRAMIENTA DIDÁCTICA EN LA ASIGNATURA MICROBIOLOGÍA I DEL GRADO DE VETERINARIA
Authors: Ortega Hernández Nieves
Published: December 2022

Microlearning has been used as a teaching tool in an innovation project carried out with students of the subject Microbiology I in the Veterinary Medicine Degree at the University of Murcia. The students, guided by their teacher, elaborated training pills (2-5 minutes long videos) of the practical sessions of the subject. The training pills, once reviewed and corrected, were published in a private account of a famous social network (Instagram). Subsequently, the training pills went through a selection process by the students and the teacher. The best formative pill of each practical session was published in the Multimedia Gallery tool of the subject at Virtual Classroom, generating a didactic resource developed entirely by the student and for the students of this subject. Participation of 95% of the students was achieved, 65% of them prepared one or more training pills. The innovation project received a very good response from the students, motivated them in their learning process and encouraged their attention in the practical sessions. In addition, audio-visual resources were generated for practical teaching in subsequent courses.

El microlearning ha sido utilizado como herramienta docente en un proyecto de innovación que se realizó con los alumnos de la asignatura Microbiología I del grado de Veterinaria de la Universidad de Murcia. Los estudiantes guiados por su profesora elaboraron píldoras formativas (videos de entre 2-5 minutos de duración) de las sesiones prácticas de la asignatura. Las píldoras formativas, una vez revisadas y corregidas, fueron publicadas en una cuenta privada de la famosa red social Instagram. Con posterioridad, las píldoras formativas pasaron por un proceso de selección por parte de los estudiantes y de la docente. La mejor píldora formativa de cada sesión práctica fue publicada en la herramienta Galería Multimedia, del Aula Virtual de la asignatura, generándose un recurso didáctico elaborado íntegramente por y para los estudiantes de esta asignatura. Se consiguió una participación del 95% de los estudiantes, un 65% manifestó haber elaborado una o más píldoras formativas, pero estas fueron visualizadas por casi la totalidad de los matriculados. El proyecto de innovación tuvo muy buena acogida por parte de los estudiantes, consiguió motivarlos en su proceso de aprendizaje e incentivar su atención en las sesiones prácticas. Además, se generaron recursos audiovisuales útiles para la docencia práctica en cursos posteriores.
On the Possibility of Studying the Wage Inequality of Mining Workers and Employees in the Period from 1861 to the Beginning of the XX Century. According to the Documents of the Siberian Archives
Authors: Shchetinina Anna Sergeevna
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study is to analyze archival materials of the State Archive of the Altai Territory and the State Archive of the Tomsk Region for the possibility of studying differences in wages of mining workers and employees based on them. The prospect of studying the archival funds of the Kemerovo region and the Krasnoyarsk Territory is also indicated. The subject of the study is the information potential of archival sources of these archives. The chronological framework of the study covers the period from 1861 to the beginning of the XX century. The relevance of the study is justified by the need to expand the range of sources for a broader study of the topic of income inequality in the regional dimension. The paper considers and analyzes archival materials containing information on the salaries of full-time employees and the earnings of freelance workers at various enterprises and institutions of the Altai Mining District, as well as at private and state-owned gold mines and fisheries of nearby Siberian territories. Conclusions were drawn about the different information potential of the considered sets of sources, about their suitability in aggregate for studying the issues of wage inequality for different types of activities, categories of employees or positions, at different enterprises and territories, and the shortcomings of the identified materials were identified.
Grain market and its role in ensuring Russia's national Security
Authors: Makhotina Irina Alekseevna , Agapkin Aleksandr Matveevich , Goncharenko Oksana Anatol'evna , Raikova Elena Yur'evna
Published: December 2022

The subject of the study is the grain market of Russia and the EAEU as one of the priorities in the field of national security. The problem of illegal export of grain crops from Russia to Kazakhstan is considered. The article analyzes the issue of re-export of grain to third countries, illegal grain exports and the impact of quotas and tariff restrictions on the development of grain supplies abroad. The issue of the possibility of administering grain export bans with a high length of the Russian border, as well as the impact of such bans on the EAEU member states, is discussed. Particular attention is paid to the issue of changing the structure of grain exports and the search for new export directions.    The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the issue of ensuring the country's food security in retrospect of interaction with the EAEU member states. The current statistical data on the availability of farmland and arable land per capita in the world and in the EAEU countries are presented, data on the structure of acreage and grain production in Russia and the EAEU over the past three years are summarized. Forecasts for the volume of grain production and exports in 2022 are presented. The article analyzes the trend of increasing quotas and tariff restrictions for exporters of agro-industrial products and the impact of these restrictions on the country's food security. The issue of searching for new importing countries of agricultural products from Russia in the context of increasing sanctions is being considered. The problems of the grain market, which have worsened due to the current geopolitical situation, and ways to solve these problems at the state level are identified. The question was raised about the need to change the ratio of the shares of processed products and raw materials in the export structure, in the direction of increasing the volume of grain products with added value, whose share in the current structure of grain exports is less than 30%. Recommendations for improving the transparency and stability of the grain market are proposed.
Intuitionistic fuzzy probability and convergence of intuitionistic fuzzy observables
Authors:   Mathematical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Čunderlíková Katarína
Published: December 2022

The aim of this contribution is to define a convergence in distribution, a convergence in measure and an almost everywhere convergence with respect to an intuitionistic fuzzy probability. We prove a version of Central limit theorem, a version of Weak law of large numbers and a version of Strong law of large numbers for intuitionistic fuzzy observables with respect to the intuitionistic fuzzy probability. We study a connection between convergence of intuitionistic fuzzy observables with respect to the intuitionistic fuzzy probability and a convergence of random variables, too.
Direct product of finite intuitionistic anti fuzzy normed normal subrings
Authors:   Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Abed Alhaleem Nour , Ahmad Abd Ghafur ,   Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we generalize direct product of finite intuitionistic anti fuzzy normal subrings over normed rings. In particular, we discuss the relation between intuitionistic anti characteristic function and direct product of finite intuitionistic anti fuzzy normed normal subrings. Finally, we give characterizations of direct product of finite intuitionistic anti fuzzy normed normal subrings and some relevant properties are presented.
On intuitionistic fuzzy modal topological structures with modal operator of second type
Authors:   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Atanassov Krassimir T.
Published: December 2022

Two new Intuitionistic Fuzzy Modal Feeble Topological Structures (IFMFTSs) are introduced of fifth and sixth types. Examples for these structures are given.
Tree variability limits the detection of nutrient treatment effects on sap flux density in a northern hardwood forest
Authors: Rice Alexandrea M. , Garrison-Johnston Mariann T. , Libenson Arianna J. , Yanai Ruth D.
Published: December 2022

The influence of nutrient availability on transpiration is not well understood, in spite of the importance of transpiration to forest water budgets. Soil nutrients have the potential to affect tree water use through indirect effects on leaf area or stomatal conductance. For example, following addition of calcium silicate to a watershed at Hubbard Brook, in New Hampshire, streamflow was reduced for 3 years, which was attributed to a 25% increase in evapotranspiration associated with increased foliar production. The first objective of this study was to quantify the effect of nutrient availability on sap flux density in a nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium addition experiment in New Hampshire in which tree diameter growth, foliar chemistry, and soil nutrient availability had responded to treatments. We measured sap flux density in American beech (Fagus grandifolia, Ehr.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), or yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton.) trees, over five years of experiments in five stands distributed across three sites. In 2018, 3 years after a calcium silicate addition, sap flux density averaged 36% higher in trees in the treatment than the control plot, but this effect was not very significant (p = 0.07). Our second objective was to determine whether this failure to detect effects with greater statistical confidence was due to small effect sizes or high variability among trees. We found that tree-to-tree variability was high, with coefficients of variation averaging 39% within treatment plots. Depending on the species and year of the study, the minimum difference in sap flux density detectable with our observed variability ranged from 46% to 352%, for a simple ANOVA. We analyzed other studies reported in the literature that compared tree water use among species or treatments and found detectable differences ranging from 16% to 78%. Future sap flux density studies could benefit from power analyses to guide sampling intensity. Including pretreatment data, in the case of manipulative studies, would also increase statistical power.
Identification of nutritional components in unripe and ripe Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid fruit by widely targeted metabolomics
Authors: Chen Can , Xia Xi , Wang Dawei
Published: December 2022

Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid is an evergreen tree with multiple benefits and high development and utilization value. The fruit is consumed as fresh and dry fruit, juices, and other products. However, it is unknown the chemical changes that occur upon fruit maturation. The metabolite content of unripe and ripe fruit was examined using UPLC-MS/MS technology based on a broadly targeted metabolome. We identified 477 metabolites, of which 130 differed between ripe and unripe fruit. These compounds are primarily involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, such as pantothenic acid, flavonoids, and amino acids. Moreover, in ripe fruit, there are 94 metabolites that are upregulated, particularly flavonoids and terpenoids. In comparison, compounds associated with sour flavors (amino acids, phenolic acids, organic acids) are down-regulated. Remarkably, these metabolites have a strong relationship with the medicinal properties of D. delavayi. This study provides a global perspective of the D. delavayi fruit metabolome and a comprehensive analysis of metabolomic variations during fruit development, thereby increasing the knowledge of the metabolic basis of important fruit quality traits in D. delavayi fruit.
A synthetic cell density signal can drive proliferation in chick embryonic tendon cells and tendon cells from a full size rooster can produce high levels of procollagen in cell culture
Authors: Schwarz Richard I.
Published: December 2022

Cell density signaling drives tendon morphogenesis by regulating both procollagen production and cell proliferation. The signal is composed of a small, highly conserved protein (SNZR P) tightly bound to a tissue-specific, unique lipid (SNZR L). This allows the complex (SNZR PL) to bind to the membrane of the cell and locally diffuse over a radius of ~1 mm. The cell produces low levels of this signal but the binding to the membrane increases with the number of tendon cells in the local environment. In this article SNZR P was produced in E.coli and SNZR L was chemically synthesized. The two bind together when heated to 60 °C in the presence of Ca++ and Mg++ and the synthesized SNZR PL at ng/ml levels can replace serum. Adding SNZR PL to the medium was also tested on primary tendon cells from adult roosters. The older cells were in a maintenance state in vivo and in cell culture they proliferate more slowly than embryonic cells. Nevertheless, after reaching a moderately high cell density, they produced high levels of procollagen similar to the embryonic cells. This data was not expected from older cells but suggests that adult tendon cells can regenerate the tissue after injury when given the correct signals.
«…Зрелище красоты несказуемой». Из дневника Ф.Г.Добржанского 1934 г., "Природа"
Authors: Конашев М.Б.
Published: December 2022

Публикация дневниковых записей Феодосия Григорьевича Добржанского — выдающегося российско-американского генетика, эволюциониста, энтомолога, — сделанных летом 1934 г., во время экспедиции по северо-западу Северной Америки с целью изучения генетической изменчивости в природных популяциях плодовой мушки Drosophila pseudoobscura и определения ареала ее распространения. В этих записях Добржанский предстает не только как натуралист, путешественник, но как человек, которого по-настоящему интересуют образ жизни, быт, нравы и взгляды тех людей, с которыми он встречался в дороге, а также культурная, социальная и политическая обстановка тех мест, где он бывал. Тем самым, эти записи характеризуют и его самого — и как ученого, и как человека.
УПРОЩЕННОЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА БИООБРАСТАНИЯ ДЛЯ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ТРАНСПОРТА ГЕОСИНТЕТИЧЕСКИХ ФРАГМЕНТОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ БАЛТИЙСКОГО МОРЯ, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Соколов А.Н. , Чубаренко Б.В.
Published: December 2022

Фрагменты оплетки габионной сетки – это один из видов пластиковых загрязнителей Мирового океана. Габионы, расположенные вблизи уреза, подвергаются разрушительному волновому воздействию, а фрагменты пластиковой оплетки, имеющие положительную плавучесть, переносятся течениями на значительные расстояния. Траектории движения фрагментов в море зависят от их гидродинамических свойств. Попадая в морскую среду, любое твердое тело подвергается биообрастанию, то есть на поверхности субстрата появляется слой микро-, а затем и макроводорослей. Естественно, появление биопленки приводит к изменению как геометрии, так и плотности объекта, влияя на его гидродинамические характеристики. В работе предложена методика расчета объема биоматериала на фрагменте оплетки в зависимости от времени нахождения в морской среде. Предполагается, что концентрация микроводорослей в воде постоянна, а каждая микроводоросль имеет известный объем. Количество микроводорослей на фрагменте оплетки может увеличиваться как в силу разности скоростей движения микроводорослей и фрагмента, так и в силу обычного экспоненциального роста численности колонии микроорганизмов. Приведено решение системы уравнений для расчета объема биоматериала на модельном объекте – цилиндре конечной длины. По известному объему биоматериала произведен расчет толщины биопленки и эффективного диаметра объекта «фрагмент оплетки + биопленка» в зависимости от времени нахождения в морской среде. Результаты моделирования сравниваются с экспериментальными данными по биообрастанию в прибрежной зоне Гданьского залива Балтийского моря. Полученные зависимости эффективного диаметра от времени предполагается использовать для последующего моделирования траекторий движения фрагментов оплетки габионной сетки в Балтийском море.
ФИТОЦЕНОТИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА НАСАЖДЕНИЙ PINUS BRUTIA VAR. PITYUSA (STEVEN) SILBA ГОРНОГО КРЫМА, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Коба В.П. , Папельбу В.В. , Макаров Н.А.
Published: December 2022

Исследования проведены в местах естественного произрастания Pinus brutia var. pityusa (Steven) Silba в Горном Крыму. В западной и восточной части южного макросклона Главной гряды Крымских гор в урочищах Аязьма, Батилиман, Новый Свет и на горе Караул-Оба были заложены пробные площади, на которых изучали таксационные характеристики с оценкой жизненного состояния деревьев, анализировали флористический состав. Целью исследований являлась оценка состояния, биоэкологических характеристик, фитоценотической структуры естественных насаждений P. brutia var. pityusa Горного Крыма, анализ представленности отдельных экологических групп растений. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что природные сообщества P. brutia var. pityusa Горного Крыма в прибрежном поясе представлены сравнительно ограниченными площадями. Подлесок формируют Pistacia atlantica Desf., Juniperus deltoides R.P. Adams, Quercus pubescens Willd., единично встречаются Cotinus coggygria Scop., Ruscus aculeatus L. и Arbutus andrachne L. Проективное покрытие травяного яруса варьирует в пределах 50–70 %. Флористический состав изменяется от 24 до 37 видов травяного яруса. Выявлена дифференциация видовой структуры изучаемых сообществ по типам жизненной стратегии. В западной части распространения насаждений P. brutia var. pityusa Горного Крыма преобладают виоленты и конкурентно-стресс-толеранты, в восточной в большей степени представлены эксплеренты, стресс-толерантно-рудеральные и конкурентно-стресс-толерантно-рудеральные виды растений. На основе анализа уровня эксцесса статистического распределения видов по типам жизненной стратегии была проведена количественная оценка динамики структуры травяного яруса в изучаемых насаждениях P. brutia var. pityusa. Наиболее значительный отрицательный эксцесс распределения видов различной жизненной стратегии отмечается в урочище Батилиман ( 2,644) и на горе Караул-Оба ( 2,513). Отрицательный эксцесс отражает снижение однородности фитоценотической структуры травяного яруса, что связано с увеличением дисперсности экотопических условий и возрастанием сукцессионных процессов. Он характеризует мозаичность напочвенного покрова, формирование мест произрастания, в микростациях которых преобладают виды, более соответствующие специфике многофакторного экзогенного и эндогенного воздействия. Значительная фрагментация насаждений P. brutia var. pityusa, ухудшение их состояния, связанные с деструктивным антропогенным воздействием, определяют снижение стабильности видового состава, ксерофикацию условий произрастания и, как следствие, негативные изменения флористической структуры коренных лесных сообществ.
The Effect of Colchicine on Profiles and Contents of Withanolides of Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) In vitro
Authors: Mastuti Retno , Munawarti Aminatun , Afiyanti Mufidah
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of in vitro polyploid induction using colchicine on the content of withanolides in Physalis angulata shoots. Polyploidy induction used two types of tissue, namely seeds from in vivo ripe fruit and in vitro cotyledonary nodes. Each tissue type was soaked in 0.1% colchicine for 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Seeds that had been soaked in colchicine were germinated in vitro and the cotyledonary nodes of seedling were used as explants for shoot induction. Meanwhile, the cotyledonary nodes that had been soaked in colchicine were immediately cultured on shoot induction medium. Media for shoot induction was MS + BAP 2 mg/L + IAA 0.05 mg/L. The shoots derived from multiplication were used for the analysis of withanolides content using the HPLC method. The results showed that a total of 38 withanolides compounds were detected in the retention time 21.6 to 36.8 minutes. Soaked the seeds in colchicine solution was more effective in increasing the withanolides content than the cotyledonary node tissues. All exposure time in colchicine only affected the intensity but had no effect on the profile of the withanolides.
Progressive Camptocormia With Head Drop and Dysphagia
Authors: El-Wahsh Shadi , Triplett James , Yiannikas Con
Published: December 2022

A 72-year-old man had mild proximal weakness that developed into progressive camptocormia, head drop, numbness, and significant muscle wasting. What is your diagnosis?
Small ankyrin 1 (sANK1) promotes docetaxel resistance in castration‐resistant prostate cancer cells by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Yang Yang , Qin Haixiang , Ding Meng , Ji Changwei , Chen Wei , Diao Wenli , Yin Haoli , Chen Mengxia , Gan Weidong , Guo Hongqian
Published: December 2022

Docetaxel (DTX) plays an important role in treating advanced prostate cancer (PCa). However, nearly all patients receiving DTX therapy ultimately progress to DTX resistance. How to address DTX resistance in PCa remains a key challenge for all urologists. Small ankyrin 1 (sAnk1) is an integral membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. In the present study, we identified that sAnk1 is upregulated in PCa tissues and is positively associated with DTX therapy resistance in PCa. Further investigation demonstrated that overexpression of sAnk1 can significantly increase the DTX‐resistant ability of PCa cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, overexpression of sAnk1 could enhance oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) levels in PCa cells, which was consistent with the higher OXPHOS levels observed in DTX‐resistant PCa cells as compared to DTX‐sensitive PCa cells. sAnk1 was also found to interact with polypyrimidine‐tract‐binding protein (PTBP1), an alternative splicing factor, and suppressed PTBP1‐mediated alternative splicing of the pyruvate kinase gene (PKM). Thus, overexpression of sAnk1 decreased the ratio of PKM2/PKM1, enhanced the OXPHOS level, and ultimately promoted the resistance of PCa cells to DTX. In summary, our data suggest that sAnk1 enhances DTX resistance in PCa cells.
Intelligent planning for large‐scale multi‐agent systems
Authors: Ma Hang
Published: December 2022

This article summarizes the New Faculty Highlights talk with the same title at AAAI 2021. Intelligent agents such as different types of robots will soon become an integral part of our daily lives. In real‐world multi‐agent systems, the most fundamental challenges are assigning tasks to multiple agents (task‐level coordination problems) and planning collision‐free paths for the agents to task locations (motion‐level coordination problems). This article surveys four directions of our research on using intelligent planning techniques for the above multi‐agent coordination problems. Link to video abstract: https://youtu.be/HDAFcatq9_I
Chlorogenic Acid‐Conjugated Nanoparticles Suppression of Platelet Activation and Disruption to Tumor Vascular Barriers for Enhancing Drug Penetration in Tumor
Authors: Ke Yue , Ma Zhifang , Ye Hongbo , Guan Xinghua , Xiang Zehong , Xia Yu , Shi Qiang
Published: December 2022

Hypercoagulation threatens the lives of cancer patients and cancer progression. Platelet overactivation attributes to the tumor‐associated hypercoagulation and maintenance of the tumor endothelial integrity, leading to limited intratumoral perfusion of nanoagents into solid tumors in spite of the enhanced penetration and retention effect (EPR). Therefore, the clinical application of nanotherapeutics in solid cancer still faces great challenges. Herein, this work establishes platelet inhibiting nanoagents based on FeIII‐doped C3N4coloaded with the chemotherapy drug and the antiplatelet drug chlorogenic acid (CA), further opening tumor vascular endothelial junctions, thereby disrupting the tumor vascular endothelial integrity, and enhancing drug perfusion. Moreover, CA not only damages the cancer cells but also potentiates the cytotoxicity induced by the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin, synergistically ablating the tumor tissue. Further, the introduction of CA relieves the original causes of the hypercoagulable state such as tissue factor (TF), thrombin, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secreted by cancer cells. It is anticipated that the hypercoagulation‐ and platelet‐inhibition strategy by integration of phenolic acid CA into chemotherapy provides insights into platelet inhibition‐assisted theranostics based on nanomedicines.
High‐Performance Self‐Powered Photodetectors with Space‐Confined Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Liu Yizhen , Gong Wenxiao , Xiang Fei , Li Yulan , Guo Heng , Hao Feng , Niu Xiaobin
Published: December 2022

Hybrid lead halide perovskites are widely studied in photodetectors due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, most of the perovskite photodetectors require an external power source, which adds additional costs and limits their application. Here, a self‐powered photodetector based on the heterojunction formed by methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite nanocrystals (MAPbBr3 NCs) and mesoporous TiO2 (m‐TiO2) is demonstrated by a space‐confined growth method. The NCs are uniformly grown on the m‐TiO2 framework and mirco‐heterojunctions are formed. Systematic research shows that the built‐in electric field of the mirco‐heterojunctions increases the exciton dissociation and carrier transport. In the absence of an external power supply, the photodetectors display an impressive on/off ratio (>105) and high detectivity (>1011 Jones) under 100 mW cm−2 solar irradiation. In addition, the winning device shows excellent long‐term stability (photocurrent maintains over 92% after exposure of 102 days to the air), benefiting from the enhanced binding energy and reduced defect density of NCs. It is believed that this study sheds light on the further development of self‐powered perovskite‐based photodetectors with high performance.
Achieving Simultaneously Ultrahigh Brightness, Extremely Low Efficiency Roll‐Off and Ultralong Lifetime of Blue Fluorescent OLEDs by Using Donor–Acceptor‐Type 5,9‐Diarylamine Functionalized Pyrenes
Authors: Xie Fuli , Yang Xilin , Jin Pengcheng , Wang Xiao‐Tian , Ran Huijuan , Zhang Hailu , Sun Huaming , Su Shi‐Jian , Hu Jian‐Yong
Published: December 2022

In this study, four new donor–acceptor (DA)‐type blue emitters (Py(5,9)BDPA, Py(5,9)BMTBA, Py(5,9)BDTBA, and Py (5,9)BTTBA) are developed by adopting benzene ring as A units and the diphenylamine (DPA) with different electron‐donating substituents as D units connected to 1,3‐positions and 5,9‐positions of pyrene ring, respectively. Gratifyingly, single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of the compounds demonstrates that the disgusting excimers in solid‐state could be effectively inhibited by the D units even the unsubstituted DPA resorting to the superiority of introducing D‐units at the 5,9‐positions of pyrene. The corresponding doped devices display ultrahigh luminance and extremely low efficiency roll‐off characteristics, especially for Py(5,9)BDPA, a roll‐off of external quantum efficiency is less than 4.9% when the luminance is up to 30 000 cd m−2, also showing good operation stability of devices. The optimized advanced device of the representative blue emitter Py(5,9)BDPA with a low manufacturing cost achieves extremely long LT95 (lifetime to 95% of the initial luminance) of 74 and 534 h at an initial luminance of 3000 and 1000 cd m−2, respectively. The ultralong lifetime of the emitter Py(5,9)BDPA is eye‐catching in the reported blue OLED lifetime and further demonstrates the practical applications in display and lighting of these DA‐type pyrene‐based blue emitters.
An Optogenetic‐Controlled Cell Reprogramming System for Driving Cell Fate and Light‐Responsive Chimeric Mice
Authors: Wang Meiyan , Liu Yuanxiao , Wang Ziwei , Qiao Longliang , Ma Xiaoding , Hu Lingfeng , Kong Deqiang , Wang Yuan , Ye Haifeng
Published: December 2022

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great promise for cell‐based therapies, disease modeling, and drug discovery. Classic somatic cell reprogramming to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is often achieved based on overexpression of transcription factors (TFs). However, this process is limited by side effect of overexpressed TFs and unpredicted targeting of TFs. Pinpoint control over endogenous TFs expression can provide the ability to reprogram cell fate and tissue function. Here, a light‐inducible cell reprogramming (LIRE) system is developed based on a photoreceptor protein cryptochrome system and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/nuclease‐deficient CRISPR‐associated protein 9 for induced PSCs reprogramming. This system enables remote, non‐invasive optogenetical regulation of endogenous Sox2 and Oct4 loci to reprogram mouse embryonic fibroblasts into iPSCs (iPSCLIRE) under light‐emitting diode‐based illumination. iPSCLIRE cells can be efficiently differentiated into different cells by upregulating a corresponding TF. iPSCLIRE cells are used for blastocyst injection and optogenetic chimeric mice are successfully generated, which enables non‐invasive control of user‐defined endogenous genes in vivo, providing a valuable tool for facile and traceless controlled gene expression studies and genetic screens in mice. This LIRE system offers a remote, traceless, and non‐invasive approach for cellular reprogramming and modeling of complex human diseases in basic biological research and regenerative medicine applications.
Loss‐of‐Function of p21‐Activated Kinase 2 Links BMP Signaling to Neural Tube Patterning Defects
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Kaifan , Guo Jin , Yang Shuyan , Shi Xiaohui , Pan Jinrong , Sun Zheng , Zou Jizhen , Li Yi , Li Yuanyuan , Fan Tianda , Song Wei , Cheng Fang , Zeng Cheng , Li Jinchen , Zhang Ting , Sun Zhong Sheng
Published: December 2022

Closure of the neural tube represents a highly complex and coordinated process, the failure of which constitutes common birth defects. The serine/threonine kinase p21‐activated kinase 2 (PAK2) is a critical regulator of cytoskeleton dynamics; however, its role in the neurulation and pathogenesis of neural tube defects (NTDs) remains unclear. Here, the results show that Pak2−/− mouse embryos fail to develop dorsolateral hinge points (DLHPs) and exhibit craniorachischisis, a severe phenotype of NTDs. Pak2 knockout activates BMP signaling that involves in vertebrate bone formation. Single‐cell transcriptomes reveal abnormal differentiation trajectories and transcriptional events in Pak2−/− mouse embryos during neural tube development. Two nonsynonymous and one recurrent splice‐site mutations in the PAK2 gene are identified in five human NTD fetuses, which exhibit attenuated PAK2 expression and upregulated BMP signaling in the brain. Mechanistically, PAK2 regulates Smad9 phosphorylation to inhibit BMP signaling and ultimately induce DLHP formation. Depletion of pak2a in zebrafish induces defects in the neural tube, which are partially rescued by the overexpression of wild‐type, but not mutant PAK2. The findings demonstrate the conserved role of PAK2 in neurulation in multiple vertebrate species, highlighting the molecular pathogenesis of PAK2 mutations in NTDs.
Current Progress on Methods and Technologies for Catalytic Methane Activation at Low Temperatures
Authors: Nkinahamira François , Yang Ruijie , Zhu Rongshu , Zhang Jingwen , Ren Zhaoyong , Sun Senlin , Xiong Haifeng , Zeng Zhiyuan
Published: December 2022

Methane (CH4) is an attractive energy source and important greenhouse gas. Therefore, from the economic and environmental point of view, scientists are working hard to activate and convert CH4 into various products or less harmful gas at low‐temperature. Although the inert nature of CH bonds requires high dissociation energy at high temperatures, the efforts of researchers have demonstrated the feasibility of catalysts to activate CH4 at low temperatures. In this review, the efficient catalysts designed to reduce the CH4 oxidation temperature and improve conversion efficiencies are described. First, noble metals and transition metal‐based catalysts are summarized for activating CH4 in temperatures ranging from 50 to 500 °C. After that, the partial oxidation of CH4 at relatively low temperatures, including thermocatalysis in the liquid phase, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and nonthermal plasma technologies, is briefly discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are presented to provide a systematic guideline for designing and synthesizing the highly efficient catalysts in the complete/partial oxidation of CH4 at low temperatures.
Filarial infections in lemurs: Evidence for a wide geographical distribution and low host specificity among lemur species
Authors: Kiene Frederik , Springer Andrea , Andriatsitohaina Bertrand , Ramsay Malcolm S. , Rakotondravony Romule , Strube Christina , Radespiel Ute
Published: December 2022

The relevance of emerging infectious diseases continues to grow worldwide as human activities increasingly extend into formerly remote natural areas. This is particularly noticeable on the island of Madagascar. As closest relatives to humans on the island, lemurs are of particular relevance as a potential origin of zoonotic pathogen spillover. Knowledge of pathogens circulating in lemur populations is, however, very poor. Particularly little is known about lemur hemoparasites. To infer host range, ecological and geographic spread of the recently described hemoparasitic nematode Lemurfilaria lemuris in northwestern Madagascar, a total of 942 individuals of two mouse lemur species (Microcebus murinus [n = 207] and Microcebus ravelobensis [n = 433]) and two rodent species (the endemic Eliurus myoxinus [n = 118] and the invasive Rattus rattus [n = 184]) were captured in two fragmented forest landscapes (Ankarafantsika National Park and Mariarano Classified Forest) in northwestern Madagascar for blood sample examination. No protozoan hemoparasites were detected by microscopic blood smear screening. Microfilaria were present in 1.0% (2/207) of M. murinus and 2.1% (9/433) of M. ravelobensis blood samples but not in rodent samples. Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS‐1) sequences were identical to an unnamed Onchocercidae species previously described to infect a larger lemur species, Propithecus verreauxi, about 650 km further south. In contrast to expectations, L. lemuris was not detected. The finding of a pathogen in a distantly related host species, at a considerable geographic distance from the location of its original detection, instead of a microfilaria species previously described for one of the studied host species in the same region, illustrates our low level of knowledge of lemur hemoparasites, their host ranges, distribution, modes of transmission, and their zoonotic potential. Our findings shall stimulate new research that will be of relevance for both conservation medicine and human epidemiology.
Studying the effect of remapping on the 21 cm map mocks
Authors: Mokeddem Rahima , Hipolito‐Ricaldi W. S. , Zhang Jiajun
Published: December 2022

In cosmology, the construction of simulated mocks is very important to mimic real observations before they are available. Mocks allow, for example, to test the data analysis pipeline or to perform some forecast in an observational project. In this work, we present very preliminary results in constructing the 21 cm mocks by extending the remapping of dark matter halo catalogs. The remapping process helps to start from a given N‐body simulation catalog to construct a new N‐body catalog in another cosmology without the necessity of running an N‐body simulation each time. This allows us to get different N‐body statistics faster and in a computationally more efficient way.
Erfahrungen und Herausforderungen des Brückenrückbaus aus der Bauherrenperspektive
Authors: Erbismann Katharina , Gräb Marco
Published: December 2022

Viele Straßenbrücken in Deutschland stammen aus den 1950er‐und 1960er‐Jahren und wurden nach damaligem Stand der Technik geplant und für konservative Verkehrsprognosen bemessen. Aufgrund der enormen wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung mit einem stetig wachsenden Güter‐ und Individualverkehr wurden die geschätzten Verkehrszahlen jedoch schnell überholt. Die alten Bauwerke mit unterdimensionierten Straßenquerschnitten können die heutigen statischen und kapazitiven Anforderungen nicht dauerhaft erfüllen, weshalb die Bestandsbauwerke weichen müssen. Da ein ersatzloser Wegfall eines Verkehrsweges in der Regel keine Option ist, ist nahezu jeder Rückbau mit einem anschließenden Neubau verknüpft. Bestehende Verkehrsbeziehungen müssen während der Bauzeit aufrechterhalten werden. Der Bauherr und die zuständigen Auftragsverwaltungen haben Sorge zu tragen, dass alle rechtlichen und tatsächlichen Voraussetzungen zur Schaffung des Baurechts vorliegen und die Bauausführung sicher gelingt. Welche Herausforderungen und auch Risiken sich in diesem Prozess für die Bauherrenseite ergeben können, wird in diesem Beitrag dargestellt.
Klare Struktur, komplexes Tragwerk – Neubau Bahnhofplatz 1, Altdorf
Authors: Stalder Heinz
Published: December 2022

In Altdorf (CH) entstand mit dem neuen Dienstleistungsgebäude der Urner Kantonalbank, welches gleichzeitig als Bahnhofsgebäude fungiert, ein neues Zentrum für den öffentlichen Verkehr und ein Knotenpunkt für die Wirtschaft der Region. Auf engstem Raum zwischen der Kantonsstraße und den Gleisen der SBB realisiert, wird der Neubau unterschiedlichsten Anforderungen gerecht: Zugang zu den Bahnsteigen der SBB, Überdachung des Busbahnhofs und des Bahnsteigs von Gleis 1, neuer Hauptsitz der Urner Kantonalbank sowie diverser weiterer gewerblicher Mieter. Dem Projekt lag ein Wettbewerbsentwurf von Buchner Bründler Architekten und Dr. Lüchinger+Meyer Bauingenieure zugrunde, in dem das architektonische Konzept und der gestalterische Ausdruck des Gebäudes stark durch das Tragwerk geprägt werden. Auf das Minimum reduziert, gewährleistet das in der Fassadenebene außen liegende Tragwerk eine maximale Nutzungsflexibilität. In zwei der vier Stützenachsen in Gebäudelängsrichtung kommen Hängezugglieder zum Einsatz, die mit den vorgespannten Querträgern im 4.OG gekoppelt sind. So wird einerseits die Auskragung über dem Busbahnhof ermöglicht und zugleich andererseits das Erdgeschoss freigespielt. Die ebenfalls von Dr. Lüchinger+Meyer Bauingenieure geplante vollflächige Glasfassade rundet den ikonischen Entwurf ab.
Synthesis and Physical Properties of Tunable Aryl Alkyl Ionic Liquids (TAAILs) Comprising Imidazolium Cations Blocked with Methyl‐, Propyl‐ and Phenyl‐Groups at the C2 Position
Authors: Biller Harry , Strassner Thomas
Published: December 2022

Imidazolium‐based ionic liquids are very popular for different applications because of their low viscosity and melting point. However, the hydrogen atom at the C2 position of the imidazolium cation can easily be deprotonated by a base, resulting in a reactive carbene. If an inert ionic liquid is needed, it is necessary to introduce an unreactive alkyl or aryl group at the C2 position to prevent deprotonation. Tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids (TAAILs) were first introduced by our group in 2009 and are characterized by a phenyl group at the N1 position, which offers the possibility to fine‐tune the physicochemical properties by using different electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing substituents. In this work, we present a new series of TAAILs where the C2 position is blocked by a methyl, propyl or phenyl group. For each of the blocking groups, the phenyl and three different phenyl derivatives (2‐Me, 4‐OMe, 2,4‐F2) are compared with respect to melting point, viscosity, conductivity and electrochemical window. In addition, the differences between blocked and unblocked TAAILs with regard to their electrochemical reduction potentials are investigated by quantum chemical methods.
An Insight into nd10 Metal Cyanide‐based Coordination Polymers Through ab‐initio Calculations: Electronic Properties and Optical Response
Authors: Mojica Rodrigo , Torres Ana E. , Avila Yosuan , Reguera Edilso
Published: December 2022

Semiconductors are essential for modern life since they are the basis of many current technologies that are related to better living standards. Some of them, characterized by the periodic assembling of metal cyanides with filled d‐shell (nd10) constitute an interesting series of cyanide‐based coordination polymers with physical properties such like anomalous anisotropic thermal expansion and quantum confinement effects related to the polymer's width that can be exploited for technological applications. Herein, the electronic structure of nd10 metal cyanide‐based systems were studied both experimentally and through Density Functional Theory. The band gap found for one‐dimensional (1D) −M−C≡N− (M=Cu, Ag, Au) and tetrahedral M−(C≡N)2 (M=Zn, Cd, Hg) systems can be attributed to Laporte‐allowed π
π* (Metal to Ligand Charge Transfer mechanism) combined with metal center (d
s,p) electronic transitions. Aurophilic bonding was found on the AuCN structure, and a new forbidden electronic transition associated to its band gap is reported. Computed effective and reduced masses from carriers revealed that carrier mobility and quantum confinement effects are greater in 1D systems.
Decreased flow‐mediated dilation in gestational diabetes in pregnancy and post‐partum. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chatzakis Christos , Koletsos Nikolaos , Tirta Maria , Dinas Konstantinos , Gkaliagkousi Eugenia , Sotiriadis Alexandros
Published: December 2022

Aims

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical complication during pregnancy. Endothelial dysfunction is considered an early step in the progression of atherosclerosis that may contribute to subclinical target organ damage. This meta‐analysis aimed to systemically review the existing data regarding endothelial dysfunction between women with and without GDM during pregnancy and post‐partum using flow‐mediated dilation (FMD).

Materials and Methods

Eligible studies (cohort and observational) published until October 2021 were identified in the MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library database and grey literature sources were searched.

Results

The search yielded 2272 studies, of which 17 were fully reviewed and 12 studies (N = 740 pregnant women) were finally included. Pregnant women with GDM exhibited a significantly lower FMD compared to pregnant women without GDM (pooled mean difference −3.12; 95% CI −5.36 to −0.88). Moreover, in the immediate (1–6 months) post‐partum period, women with previous GDM showed lower FMD compared to healthy women without GDM history (pooled mean difference −7.52; 95% CI −9.44 to −5.59), whereas FMD did not differ in the late post‐partum period (more than 4 years).

Conclusions

Flow‐mediated dilation is decreased in women with GDM during pregnancy and in the immediate post‐partum period, compared to women without GDM, indicating that the endothelial dysfunction noted during the pregnancy in those women persists in the immediate post‐partum period too.

Clinical trial registration

PROSPERO CRD42021283113 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov).