bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collection and treatment of domestic wastewater: a critical review of the achieved results
Authors: Pupyrev Evgeniy I.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The subject of the review is systems of collection and treatment of domestic wastewater in cities, towns, and settlements (drainage systems of residential areas). The review considers both the entire systems and their constituents, i.e., the facilities of wastewater collection and transportation, wastewater treatment plants, water outfalls, etc. Research and design of effective drainage systems is an essential factor in ensuring the ecological well-being of residential areas. The tightening of standards for the discharge of treated wastewater into water bodies stimulates the development of wastewater treatment and transportation technologies not only for large cities but also for small settlements. The purpose of the review is assessing the efficiency of the technologies used in practice for wastewater collection and treatment, analyzing the relevance of research developments, and formulating promising directions of the work. Materials and methods. Publications, technical reports, software products were considered. Methods of system analysis are applied, comparative criteria of efficiency of technologies and designs were suggested. Results. A comparison was conducted between foreign and domestic experience gained in solving the main problems of domestic wastewater collection and treatment systems. Special attention was paid to the revelation of cause-and-effect relations between the upgrade of legislative acts at the state and regional levels and the development of the drainage systems. Evaluation of the ecological impact of the drainage systems on the environment was given. Conclusions. Investigations by domestic and foreign specialists in the subject were analyzed. It was revealed that there is virtually no research devoted to simulation and efficiency assessment of drainage system operation as a whole. Obviously, this is due to insufficient cooperation between research teams and designers and operators. Just this direction should be considered the most promising in the nearest future.
Statistical assessment of damnification risk due to inconformity of paint coating quality
Authors: Loganina Valentina I. , Uchaeva Tatyana V.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. In connection with the increase in the proportion of paint compositions in the decoration of buildings and the actualization of the building structure finishing quality issues, it is necessary to determine the degree of damnification risk if the quality of paints and coatings does not conform to requirements.

Materials and methods. In order to assess the risk in the work, the study used polyvinyl acetate cement (PVAC) paint, MA-15 oil paint, PF-115 alkyd paint, AK-111 water-dispersion acrylic paint, KO-168 organic-silicone paint, and PI polymer lime paint as paint compositions. The risk was considered as the probability of an event that harms the paint coating. In addition to this, a calculation of the risk R as the expected damage Y due to destruction of the coating was performed.

Results. The research has established that some coatings are characterized by lower uniformity of adhesion strength values than it is required on the grounds of the relation between the actual and normative coefficients of variation. The values of risk r indicate that the probability of adhesive destruction is minimal. The calculation of the risk R as the expected damage Y because of the coating destruction due to the violation of adhesion showed that the maximum risk R values are from 0.068 to 11.18 rubles per square meter.

Conclusions. It is established that the probability of paint coating adhesive destruction is minimal. The values of risk as expected damage because of coating adhesive destruction are from 0.068 to 11.18 rubles per square meterб depending on the coating type. When making a managerial decision on a paint production, a risk of economic damage should be estimated.
Genetic components estimation of F1 population of cocoa (Theobromacacao L.) in drought stress condition.
Authors: Wuriandani Adinda , Sobir Sobir , Wirnas Desta , Wahyu Susilo Agung
Published: December 2019

Drought stress is a major constraint in cocoa production. The use of drought tolerant clone is the most efficient tool to overcome drought problem in cocoa production. North Carolina II (NCII) mating-design was used to identify parental and progeny performance in drought stress. The crossing consisted of three female parent clones namely KW 516, Sulawesi 3, and TSH 858, while male parent clones were ICCRI 09 and Scavina 6 then produced 6 combinations crosses. Genotypes used were 11 genotypes consisted of 5 parent clones and 6 cross genotypes. Drought treatment was applied to cocoa seedlings at 6 weeks after sowing with 25% and 100% available water content. The plants were maintained without water for five days to modulate the drought intensity. Variables observed were stem diameter, root length, root volume, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and root/shoot ratio characters at 16 weeks after sowing. Based on the estimated general combining ability (GCA) value, TSH 858 was the best female parent, while Scavina 6 was the best male parent. Based on the estimated specific combining ability (SCA) value Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 and TSH 858 x Scavina 6 were the best crosses. Based on the estimation of its genetic components, characters of drought tolerance stress were affected by additive genes. The dominant gene only affected the root fresh weight and root/shoot ratio. Based on SSI values, TSH 858 and Sulawesi 3 clones were drought-resistant clones, ICCRI 09 was moderate clone, and KW 516 and Scavina 6 were susceptible. Some of the findings were in contrast with earlier study.
Effect of ascorbic acid on chemical content and viability of cocoa seed after storage.
Authors: Sekewael Willy Arnold Daniel , Pudjihartati Endang , Iman Santoso Teguh
Published: December 2019

Storage of oily seeds will give the seeds deteriorated faster due to oil auto-oxidation. It will changes the biochemical and physiological of the seeds. Reducing sugar, protein and fat are biochemical compound those support the seeds during germination. Auto-oxidation of fat can produce free fatty acids whichcause seeds to lose viability and vigor during storage. Application of antioxidant can prevent the activity of auto-oxidation. This research aimed to study the effect of ascorbic acid to minimize the deterioration by observing the chemical content and viability of Theobroma cacao L. seeds. It was conducted at KaliwiningExperimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, East Java and at Satya Wacana Christian University, Salatiga, Central Java. The research used completely randomized design and T-test analysis. The treatments consisted of four ascorbic acid concentrations, i.e. 0 ppm as control, 250 ppm, 300 ppm, and 350 ppm. The treated cacao seeds were stored for two shelf life i.e. 1 week and 2 weeks. Each treatment was repeated with seven replications. Data analysis used SAS 9.0. The results showed that application 250 and 300 ppm of ascorbic acid increased reducing sugar, protein content decreased fat and free fatty acid content of cocoa seeds. Application of 350 ppm of ascorbic acid decreased reducing sugar, protein, fat content and increased free fatty acid content of cocoa seeds. Application of ascorbic acid with concentration of 250 ppm and 300 ppm could maintain cocoa seeds viability upto 2 weeks of shelf life.
REDE WEB DE MUSEUS: Relato de experiência na gestão e acesso aos acervos culturais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: De Souza Éricka Madeira , Machado Elenora Nobre
Published: December 2019

Relata experiência no processo de criação de política pública de gestão, acesso e disponibilização dos acervos dos museus vinculados à Secretaria de Estado de Cultura do Rio de Janeiro e outros equipamentos culturais sediados no Rio de Janeiro, através de projetos específicos, e a importância das novas tecnologias da informação no aprimoramento da documentação museológica. A Rede Web de Museus é apresentada como política que visa ampliar o acesso aos acervos, oferecendo orientação técnica e ferramentas para a produção de acervos digitais e seu reuso, promovendo a articulação em rede. As formas de adesão à Rede e a plataforma tecnológica da Rede – um sistema de base de dados web compartilhado, voltado para a disponibilização e gestão de acervos museológicos – o SISGAM, são apresentadas. Futuros desdobramentos para a atualização da Rede Web de Museus e sua plataforma tecnológica, são relatados.
GLAM e Instituições de Memória em Rede: uma 'Infosfera' de Floridi?
Authors: Carvalho Junior José Murilo Costa , Martins Dalton Lopes , Germani Leonardo Barbosa
Published: December 2019

A Ciência da Informação participa na promoção do termo 'Instituição de Memória' como metáfora para a integração de bibliotecas, arquivos, museus e centros de documentação. Uma das intenções assumidas foi a de encorajar uma visão coerente sobre os recursos informacionais que os acervos de tais instituições provêm. Em paralelo, a partir do movimento em se integrar acervos digitalizados do campo da cultura em rede emerge o acrônimo GLAM da língua inglesa, que integra Galerias, Bibliotecas, Arquivos e Museus, e enfatiza a promoção do acesso como missão principal. É justo afirmar que a demanda pela interoperabilidade dos acervos dos diferentes domínios arquivísticos é pautada pela possibilidade de integração dos conteúdos diversos via web, cenário que propicia inovação no acesso e no processamento das informações de patrimônio cultural pela sociedade. A partir de um foco na reconstrução crítica de Richard Fyffe, sobre o papel do especialista em CI na perspectiva da Infosfera de Floridi, buscamos identificar como novos conceitos para o campo da Ciência da Informação, derivados da FI e da Ética da Informação (EI) de Floridi, podem auxiliar a compreensão de transformações radicais em curso no campo dos acervos digitalizados de instituições de memória, e sua relação com as questões éticas mais amplas no plano da Infosfera.
Acervos digitais e o Uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação em Arquivos Brasileiros
Authors: Piazzon Barbosa Lima Luciana , Coelho Isabela Bertolini
Published: December 2019

Os arquivos podem contribuir para a ampliação do acesso à cultura por meio do uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC), sobretudo pela oferta de bens culturais na Internet. A pesquisa TIC Cultura, realizada pelo Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil (CGI.br) por meio do Centro Regional de Estudos para o Desenvolvimento da Sociedade da Informação (Cetic.br), do Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR (NIC.br), analisa a infraestrutura e os usos dessas tecnologias por equipamentos culturais brasileiros. O artigo apresenta os resultados do estudo para o caso específico dos arquivos, com foco, em especial, nos indicadores sobre a apropriação das TIC para a criação de acervos digitais e sua disponibilização na Internet. Os dados revelam ser este um potencial ainda pouco explorado por estas instituições, que poderia ser mais bem aproveitado com o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para investimento e capacitação para a digitalização de acervos.
Kontrak Berjangka Komoditas Emas Sebagai Instrumen Transaksi Derivatif dalam Kajian Hukum Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Gunarsa Surya Muhammad
Published: December 2019

Gold futures contract are one form of business development and become a part of derivative instrument. Futures contract is one of derivative instrument which its value based on underlying asset’s. At the beginning, the futures contracts were traded with hedging motive, but now they are traded with speculative motive also to get more profit from price fluctuatuations. Indonesia is a country with muslims as a majority, analysis from a sharia point of view is needed in order to accomodate business advancement so that the Indonesian people can live all the joints of life based on Islamic Shari'a in this modern era. In the sharia concept the clarity of goods both in quality and quantity and delivery of goods becomes essential in a transaction, in derivative transactions this is not the main thing so that there are prohibited transaction elements, namely maysir and gharar, to accommodate those institutions authorized in Indonesia is related to halal or illegitimate transactions, namely the Majelis Ulama Indonesia issues a fatwa that provides a certain mechanism so that a derivative transaction becomes a transaction that allowed by Islamic sharia perspective.

Abstrak

Kontrak berjangka emas merupakan salah satu bentuk dari perkembangan dalam jual beli di dunia dan merupakan bagian dari instrumen derivatif. Instrumen derivatif merupakan nilai turunan dari underlying asset. Pada mulanya perdagangan berjangka digunakan untuk melakukan perlindungan nilai (hedge), namun seiring berjalannya waktu kontrak berjangka emas diperdagangkan dengan motif spekulatif guna mendapat keuntungan dari fluktuasi harga. Indonesia merupakan negara dengan mayoritas warga beragama Islam, dan karenanya perkembangan-perkembangan dalam persoalan kemasyarakatan termasuk jual beli perlu adanya analisis dari sudut padang syariah, guna mengakomodasi perubahan zaman dan masyarakat dapat menjalani segala sendi kehidupan berdasarkan syariat Islam. Dalam konsep syariah, kejelasan barang baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas dan penyerahan barang menjadi hal yang esensial dalam suatu transaksi. Dalam transaksi derivatif, hal tersebut bukan menjadi hal yang utama sehingga di dalamnya terdapat unsur transaksi yang dilarang yaitu maysir dan gharar. Untuk mengakomodasi hal tersebut, institusi berwenang di Indonesia terkait halal atau haramnya suatu transaksi yaitu Majelis Ulama Indonesia mengeluarkan fatwa yang memberikan mekanisme tertentu agar suatu transaksi derivatif menjadi suatu transaksi yang tidak bertentangan dengan syariat Islam.
Editorial: New trends and challenges in (a responsible) corporate governance
Authors: Pastore Patrizia
Published: December 2019

The papers published in this issue of the journal present an heterogeneous variety of topics in international research, in line with the aims and scope of the journal, devoted to: corporate governance, firm performance and executive compensation; social performance rating in co-operatives; sustainable development goals, CSR, consumer data protection policy; stock option plans; online customers’ rating and firms’ performance in the hotel industry; reputational threats and their financial consequences for decision-makers; climate change governance mechanisms and sustainable food productions
Population Data Centre Profile: SA NT DataLink (South Australia and Northern Territory)
Authors: Schneider Matthias , Radbone Christopher Gordon , Vasquez Stacy Ann , Palfy Miroslav , Stanley Andrew Kristjan
Published: December 2019

ApproachUniquely governed by a broad range of consortium partners, SA NT DataLink’s business model operates with flexibility to adapt to researcher priorities and government requirements. Its Data Linkage Unit routinely links data from over 50 sources with more than 57 million records on approximately 2.9 million individuals. It arguably provides the broadest range of linked data sources in Australia, focusing on administrative datasets and clinical registries from various health and human services domains. Operating in strict adherence with the separation principal, SA NT DataLink’s Data Integration Unit separately manages anonymised clinical and service use data in collaboration with the respective data custodians through the Custodian Controlled Data Repository, allowing approved analysts to efficiently access high quality linked anonymised data. To protect individual privacy throughout the process of data linkage and data provision, SA NT DataLink’s processes align with state, territory and federal privacy legislations. Operating consistently with National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines, linkage projects are subject to approvals by the relevant data custodians and approved Human Research Ethics Committees.

Noteworthy OutputsSA NT DataLink has provided linkage services to over 160 data linkage projects, informing nationally significant research and policy initiatives, including initiatives to improve indigenous children’s hearing and child development.

ConclusionTo respond to a changing data linkage landscape, SA NT DataLink is continuously reviewing and improving its systems, linkage processes and governance, addressing administrative, funding, data access, social licence and data linkage challenges and opportunities to meet increasing demand and new business developments.
INDEPENDENSI PERADILAN DAN NEGARA HUKUM
Authors: Enggarani Nuria Siswi
Published: December 2019

Dalam konstitusi telah ditentukan secara tegas bahwa negara Republik Indonesia merupakan negara yang berdasarkan atas hukum (rechstaat), demikian pula yang tertuang dalam penjelasan konstitusi UUD 1945 NRI. Di dalam representasi negara hukum, salah satu faktor terpenting terletak dalam lembaga peradilannya, dimana dimungkinkan selalu timbul adanya sengketa antara yang diperintah dengan yang memerintah, dalam hal ini antara penyelenggara negara yang berhadapan dengan rakyatnya. Salah satu prinsipal dari negara hukum adalah hadirnya kekuasaan kehakiman yang bebas dan merdeka, independen dari segala unsur kekuasaan apapun. Tanpa adanya independensi maupun kemandirian dalam badan kekuasaan kehakiman dapat memberikan pengaruh dan dampak yang buruk termasuk peluang munculnya penyalahgunaan kekuasaan atau penyimpangan kekuasaan maupun juga diabaikannya hak asasi manusia oleh penguasa negara. Kekuasaan kehakiman di Indonesia dilaksanakan oleh sebuah Mahkamah Agung, dan juga lembaga peradilan yang berada di bawahnya dalam lingkup lingkungan peradilan umum, peradilan agama, peradilan militer, maupun peradilan tata usaha negara, dan juga oleh sebuah Mahkamah Konstitusi. Hakim dalam hal ini sebagai badan fungsional pelaksana kekuasaan kehakiman, sebab pada dasarnya kekuasaan kehakiman mempunyai pilar-pilar yang terdiri dari badan peradilan yang dibentuk dan disusun berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan. Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai independensi peradilan yang ada di Indonesia sebagai representasi dari adanya negara hukum. Metode pendekatan yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif. Sebagai rumpun ilmu normatif, ilmu hukum mempunyai alur kerja secara khas sui generis. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan di penelitian hukum ini yaitu menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-normatif, dimana metode penelitian hukum ini dilakukan dengan cara mengkaji lebih mendalam terhadap bahan-bahan kepustakaan atau bahan hukum sekunder. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan atau yang disebut dengan statute approach, yang dikaji dengan cara menelaah berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan termasuk juga pengaturan regulasi yang terkait dengan kajian permasalahan yang diambil. Pendekatan lain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) yang berpijak dari pandangan atau pendapat ahli maupun doktrin yang berkembang dalam ilmu hukum.Kata Kunci: independensi, peradilan, negara hukum, hakim
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MARRIAGE DIFFERENT RELIGION AND THEIR DUE TO THE LAW OF THE RELIGION OF MARRIAGE STATUS
Authors: Nugraheni Prasasti Dyah
Published: December 2019

Marriage is a very strong and very deep bond that functions to connect between a man and a woman in a household or a family. Informing a household or a family, the belief in the same religion requires not only confidence in the same commitment. However, in the life of the Indonesian people, there are currently many marriages that are not based on similarities in religious beliefs. The marriage is only based on genuine love between a man and a woman. These different religious marriages cause problems in the legal field such as the validity of the marriage itself according to the marriage law in force in Indonesia. Because according to Article 2 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 the Year 1974 marriage which is called legitimate is a marriage which is carried out in accordance with the religion and beliefs of the person. Marriage with different religions also causes problems with the legitimacy of the representation. So the problem that will be explained in this journal is about the validity of a marriage that is of different religions in accordance with Law Number 1 of 1974. According to Law Number 1 of 1974 marriages of different faiths is an illegitimate marriage because they are not in accordance with religion and belief in Indonesia. Because according to Article 2 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 1974 it is stated that if a religion allows the marriage of a different religion, then the marriage is permissible. However, if a religion does not allow the marriage that is of a different religion, then the marriage is not allowed. Keywords: Interfaith marriage, Law Number 1 of 1974, and Compilation Islamic Law
Analisis Jaminan pada Pembiayaan Mudarabah dalam Perspektif Maqasid al-Syari'ah
Authors: Lestari Dini Maulana
Published: December 2019

This paper analyzes the concept of muá¸Ärabah as the main product in sharia banking, where the financing product should be excellent in its marketing. However, muá¸Ärabah financing products are often faced with complicated portfolios and low market shares because they are indicated by high levels of financial risk. To bridge this, collateral is one of the tools used by the Sharia Bank in order to minimize these risks. This type of research is literature with a qualitative-explorative descriptive approach. The results showed that the collateral in muá¸Ärabah financing functions as a Shariah Bank intervention tool to create benefits for creditors and debtors in the event of default in their business, also to avoid moral hazard activities and asymmetric information.
Pembaruan Hukum Islam tentang Empat Saksi Laki-Laki Non-Muslim dalam Kasus Li'an
Authors: Mansyur Zaenudin
Published: December 2019

Changes in the field of law are important matters that cannot be prevented by anyone, including Islamic law related to civil and criminal law. Specifically, in the discussion of Islamic criminal law regarding allegations of adultery (li'an), the accuser who is obliged to bring four male Muslim witnesses can turn into four non-Muslim male witnesses, because it is based on strong arguments so that non-Muslims who were initially illegitimate as witnesses become allowed. The change in law became apparent when an argument that said anyone could be a witness provided that the terms and conditions were sufficient as a witness. The legality of the four non-Muslim male witnesses is very strong when there is an argument based on the word of God regarding four witnesses who are not clearly stated whether they are Muslims or non-Muslims. Likewise, the reason that today's society is a modern and pluralistic society can provide a view of freedom for non-Muslim communities to stand witnesses to defendants in li'an cases or accusations of adultery.
Studi Komparasi Pengelolaan Dana Wakaf di KSPPS BMT Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Achiria Siti , Priyadi Unggul
Published: December 2019

In a provision of Law No. 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf, it is mentioned that the management of waqf is performed by nadzir, whether individual, organization, or legal entity. One of Islamic financial institutions that can manage waqf is KSPPS BMT with its role in social function (al-mÄl). Although some KSPPS BMTs have managed waqf fund, in reality, not all of them are registered in Indonesian Waqf Agency (BWI). In fact, license as nadzir is mandatory for whoever managing waqf. This study aimed to: 1) Revealing the differences and similarities of KSPPS BMT registered and not registered in BWI Center; 2) Describing the implications of the differences. This study was conducted using a qualitative method that involved KSPPS BMT waqf fund managers in Special Region of Yogyakarta and concludes that the differences are found in terms of legality, reports of waqf fund management and supervision by the BWI which is the fundamental for all waqf manager institutions. In addition, the similarities could be found in the collection, empowerment, and distribution of waqf fund. The differences between KSPPS BMTs registered and not registered in BWI have implications on some parties, including BWI, KSPPS BMT, and wÄqif (person performing waqf).
Sanksi Pidana pada Hukum Keluarga di Indonesia
Authors: Rajafi Ahmad
Published: December 2019

The purpose of a marriage is to form a happy, prosperous and loving family, or in terms of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, is a happy family. The purpose of the marriage will be able to be realized when the people involved in marital practices follow the rules of applicable law and not with an intention to trick or break the law. Because there are persons who commit irregularities in marriage law, progressive and responsive legal breakthroughs are also needed, using local wisdom values that live in the community, namely in the form of criminal sanctions for violators. Criminal sanctions that can be born in family law can be analogous to the penalties that have lived in local communities such as fines, prison rooms and prison villages, and sentences of eviction from their homes to distant places. For this reason, presenting criminal sanctions in Indonesian marriage law is an inevitability.
MODELO DE GESTIÓN PARA PROYECTOS INTERDISCIPLINARIOS DE VINCULACIÓN
Authors: Pazmiño José
Published: December 2019

La Universidad Laica Vicente Rocafuerte de Guayaquil (ULVR) y su Departamento de Vinculación con la Sociedad (DVS), en busca de la mejora continua en el desarrollo de sus procesos académicos diseña un Modelo de Gestión para la vinculación con la sociedad, denominado DVS-ULVR, el mismo que recoge las aristas necesarias para alcanzar estándares de calidad de la extensión universitaria, alineados a los objetivos instituciones y la atención a las necesidades de la sociedad. Las zonas de intervención de la universidad de acuerdo con la ley son la 5 y 8, y sus dominios se encuentran centrados en sus Facultades de Administración, Educación, Ingeniería, Industria y Construcción, y Ciencias Sociales y Derecho. Para alcanzar el éxito en las labores comunitarias que desarrolla la universidad, de acuerdo con lo establecido por los organismos que controlan la educación superior, fue necesaria la construcción de un Modelo de Gestión para la vinculación que se articule a los requerimientos de la sociedad y de la institución. Se analizaron las bases teóricas elaboradas por actores académicos de la gestión social, que han desarrollado sus propios modelos lo que permite resolver problemas en distintos países, y por sus características sirvieron de guía para la construcción del modelo. Este se estructura sobre ocho pilares fundamentales, siendo estos: la unificación de criterios, la planeación de los proyectos de vinculación, la elaboración de formatos, la medición de los resultados, la relación de estos con las líneas de investigación y vinculación universitaria, la dirección de la gestión, la implantación de los sistemas de control y los procesos de retroalimentación. Durante el año 2018, la ULVR, realizó la aplicación del modelo desarrollado y se presentan en este artículo, los resultados obtenidos de forma general.
MEJORA DE LAS CONDICIONES HIGIÉNICO-SANITARIAS, DE LA SALUD Y AMBIENTALES DE LOS NIÑOS EN EDAD ESCOLAR DE LAS COMUNIDADES GATAZO - COLTA
Authors: López José
Published: December 2019

La presente investigación tiene su base en la carencia de un método de evaluación de impacto para el proyecto de vinculación con la sociedad: “Mejora de las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias, de salud y ambientales de los niños en edad escolar de las comunidades Gatazo - Colta”. Para lo cual se emplea un método cuantitativo no experimental conocido como modelo antes-después que compara la información de línea base con la información actual recopilada por el investigador a través de una encuesta y la realización de análisis de laboratorio coproparasitarios. Para ello, se establecieron pruebas de hipótesis de medias y proporciones a un 95% de nivel de confianza utilizando el software SPSS. Se complementa con un método cualitativo mediante entrevistas a los beneficiarios y otros actores relevantes del proyecto. De esta manera, se determinó que el nivel de desnutrición varió del 1% al 8% en los niños en edad escolar y dado que, el estado nutricional cambiaba significativamente en el tiempo, se concluyó que desnutrición aumentó. En lo referente a los hábitos alimenticios se reflejó que el cambio de dieta y hábitos alimenticios significativo. Sin embargo, debido que no se realizaron las actividades correspondientes estos resultados no se pueden atribuir al proyecto. Enfermedades como la diarrea pueden manifestarse por la presencia de parásitos algunos de ellos asociados al consumo de agua no clorada o la falta de higiene. De forma general, se concluyó que el proyecto de vinculación cumplió parcialmente con los objetivos que se plantearon pues se finalizaron el 55,56% y los resultados esperados no fueron alcanzados.
Technical Efficiency of Cassava Production in Ardo-Kola Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: Zubairu Emmanuel A. , Kasari Andefikir D. , Jongur Abubakar U.
Published: December 2019

â€” This study used stochastic frontier Analysis to estimate the technical efficiency of cassava production in Ardo-kola Local Government Area of Taraba state. A multi-stage sampling was employed in selecting 142 respondents in the study area. The maximum likelihood estimates of the stochastic frontier production function revealed that farm size, family labour, cassava cutting planting and fertilizer were significantly and positively related to cassava output. Technical efficiency (TE) scores ranged from 0.43 to 0.96 with a mean TE of 0.74, implying that there is a scope for increasing technical efficiency in cassava production by 0.26 in short run under current technology. The study proffered the following recommendations; That Cassava farmers should have access to extension agents to increase their probability of being productive and efficient, policy should be targeted to provide adequate training to extension agents to enhance their performance to their clientele.
Influence of Emerging Economic Interests on Management of Resource Access in Awoja Watershed
Authors: Aben Charles , Okiror John James , Agea Jacob Godfrey
Published: December 2019

This study presents the contextual circumstances that define access in Awoja watershed, particularly the constellations of means, relations, and processes that enable various actors to derive benefits from resources in the Watershed. The objective of the study was to identify the influence of emerging economic interests on managing the access to resources in the watershed, thereby linking resource exploitation to watershed degradation. The study was carried out in Soroti, Katakwi and Amuria the hot spots of draughts and floods and the increasing degradation in Awoja. A cross sectional study design using both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods was employed. Factor Analysis and a Logistics Regression Model were used to analyze household survey data gathered from 180 randomly selected households. Focus Group Discussions and key informantsâ€™ interviews were also used to generate qualitative data used to explain relationships among variables and to analyze local perceptions on the relationships.From the factor analysis seven factors were perceived to have been linked to management of access to watershed resources of which four factors were significantly correlated: Increasing interests in watershed resources (r=0.425 P<0.001), stakeholder conflicts of interests (r=0.379 P<0.01), changes in economic trends in the watershed (r=0.482 P<0,001), and household wealth status (r=0.253 P<0.01). From the Logistical Regression results, increasing interests in the wetlands had significant negative influence on control of access to watershed resources.While changes in household needs, household wealth status and civil society interests in the watershed had increasing influence on watershed management the rest of the factors had a decreasing influence on watershed management.From focus group discussions and Key Informants Interviews revealed that commoditization rice and charcoal, fuzzy environmental protection rules and elite capture by watershed management institutions were some of the main emerging practices linked escalating degradation in Awoja. Dye to the increasing economic interests by communities and local leaders in Awoja watershed resources, reducing both degradation and marginalization of within the watershed can only be possible if a diversification program with alternative livelihoods are introduced within the watershed.
Production and Quality Evaluation of Functional Biscuits from Whole Wheat Flour Supplemented with Acha (Fonio) and Kidney Bean Flours
Authors: Inyang Ufot E. , Daniel Etini A. , Bello Florence A.
Published: December 2019

Composite flours are used for bakery products to improve the nutritional value and reduce the reliance on wheat importation. The present study was aimed at assessing the effect of supplementing whole wheat flour with acha and red kidney bean flours on the physical properties, proximate composition, mineral and sensory characteristics of biscuits made from the blends. Blend ratios used were 100:00:00 (T1, control sample), 75:25:00 (T2), 75:00:25 (T3) and 50:25:25 (T4) (whole wheat: acha: kidney bean flour). The result showed that all the parameters varied with the composition of flours in the blends. The biscuit weight, diameter, thickness and spread ratio ranged from 16.32 to 19.08g, 4.02 to 4.40cm, 0.69 to 0.78cm and 5.33 to 6.38 respectively. Incorporation of kidney bean flour in the blends led to the reduction in spread ratio of the biscuit. The protein, fat, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate contents in the biscuits ranged from 11.73 to 15.20%, 16.34 to 17.95%, 1.52%, to 1.73%, 1.65 to 1.80% and 63.36 to 68.70% respectively. Samples T3 and T4 with kidney bean flour incorporation had higher protein, dietary fibre and lower carbohydrate contents than samples T1 and T2 with no kidney bean flour incorporation. The calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron and zinc contents ranged from 36.14 â€“ 45.72mg/100g, 105.40 â€“ 128.72mg/100g, 29.60 â€“ 46.81mg/100g, 3.89 â€“ 5.12mg/100g and 2.01 â€“3.51mg/100g respectively. Incorporation of kidney bean flour enhanced the calcium, magnesium and iron contents in the biscuits. Sensory mean score values showed that samples T3 and T4 were the most preferred samples in terms of overall acceptability as their values were not significantly (p>0.05) difference from each other. It is evident from the study that acceptable biscuits of improved nutritional value and high dietary fibre content could be produced from whole wheat flour supplemented with acha and kidney beans flours. This will increase the utilization of these locally grown crops and reduce wheat importation into the country. The high fibre biscuit will also possess several health benefits.
Comparative Study on the Incidence of White Mold (Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum) on Stored Carrot within Two Markets in the Tamale Metropolis of Northern Region
Authors: Sowley Elias Nortaa Kunedeb , Kankam Frederick , Kundo Deborah Akpene
Published: December 2019

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is predominant among other fungi species responsible for rot of several crops on the field and in storage. It results in an important economic loss in stored carrot roots and other economic important crops and vegetables. This makes Sclerotinia sclerotiorum a polyphagous fungus. S. sclerotiorum is a cosmopolitan fungus that affects most crops and vegetables in the tropics and temperate regions. The study was conducted to determine the incidence of S. sclerotiorum in stored carrots within the two major markets (Tamale central and Aboabo) of the Tamale Metropolis of the Northern region of Ghana. Fifteen (15) carrot samples each were collected from the two markets and from different storage containers (storage in sack, basket and pan). Four different fungi species were isolated from the carrot samples. These were Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus clavatus. The total incidence of fungi species among the two markets showed significant difference (P < 0.05). S. sclerotiorum recorded varied occurrences across the two markets with the highest incidence recorded in the Tamale Central market (44.4%). S. sclerotiorum was predominant in carrots from the markets than the other fungi. The incidence of S. sclerotiorum varied in different storage containers. Storage using sack recorded the highest incidence (70.0%) of S. sclerotiorum followed by storage using pan (32.7%) with the lowest incidence recorded in storage using basket (24.0%). However, S. sclerotiorum was found to be associated with carrots from the two markets studied. Hence appropriate storage containers such as storage using baskets are recommended as a way of combating the high incidences of S. sclerotiorum.
Comparative Efficacy of Aqueous Extract of three Botanicals on Corn Earworm (Heliothis armigera)
Authors: Udo Ime , Ibanga Paulinus Titus
Published: December 2019

A field research was conducted at Ikpe Annang, Essien Udim Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria between March and June, 2015 to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera and Ocimum grattissimum on corn earworm (Heliothis armigera). The experiment was laid out in split plot fitted into randomized complete block design with three replicates. Aqueous extracts of the three botanicals were applied at the rates of 0, 100, 200 and 300 l/ha weekly to study the number of punch holes on leaves and the number of cobs attacked by corn earworm at 4, 6 and 8 weeks after planting (WAP), as well as grain yield. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means compared using least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability (p<0.05). The results from the study showed that application of A. indica and M. oleifera leaf extracts applied at 300 l/ha recorded fewer punch holes than O. grattissimum leaf extract, at different times after planting. At harvest, the application of neem leaf at 300l/ha recorded lesser number (1.49) of insect pest per cob than scent leaf (2.51) and moringa leaf (1.80) while fewer number of cobs were attacked by the insect pest. At harvest, the highest grain yield of 2.31 t/ha was recorded from maize treated with moringa leaf extract while neem leaf recorded 2.25 t/ha, as against scent leaf with the lowest yield of 1.85t/ha. The incorporation of biopesticides particularly neem and moringa for the management of field pests of maize is hereby advocated.
A Survey of Post-Harvest Techniques Employed in Handling and Storage of Sweet Oranges (Citrus sinensis Osberk) in Lagos, Ogun and Osun States, Nigeria
Authors: Adekalu O. A. , Agboola D. A. , Atanda S. A. , Akande S.
Published: December 2019

Post-Harvest losses of fruits are considered to be a major problem that affects many farmers in most developing countries like Nigeria. Reduction of post-harvest losses and quality deterioration are essential in increasing food availability from the existing productions. Minimizing this loss has great significance for food security, economic growth and welfare of the society. Losses are caused by a variety of factors ranging from growth conditions, pre-harvest practices, types of harvesting techniques, post-harvest practices, means of transportations, condition of roads and retail stores or market. This survey was conducted to explore the farmersâ€™ practices, gender, harvesting techniques, means of transportation, wholesalers and retailers and consumers information. Structured questionnaires on farm gate, transportation, marketing, consumers, and post-harvest practices were administered to randomly, selected sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osberk) farmers, marketers and consumers from all local government areas in each three states (Lagos, Osun, Ogun States). The data collected were subjected to descriptive analysis, means, percentages and graphs were drawn. The survey revealed that poor infrastructure, lack of formal education and poor agricultural practices account for over 50% losses from farm to the markets and finally to the consumers. Most traders took fruits to markets for sale without considering the quality of the produce. More than 70% of the respondents clear their farm by bush clearing using hired labourers. Orange plucking using long poles and shaking were practiced by 90-100% of farmers in the 3 states.Â  Farmers heap their fruits on bare floor in Truck/ Lorries, pick up van and saloon cars (taxis). Over 90% of respondents made gains or profits from sweet orange business. Results also revealed 100% of respondents consumed sweet orange raw/fresh. Wholesalers and retailers were not aware of any suitable storage structures either in the market or on farm.Â  The designed Go-to-Hell used for harvesting oranges had no degree of diseases incidence compared to long stick or shaking. The agricultural practices employed in handling and storage of sweet oranges in Lagos, Ogun and Osun States need to be improved upon.
Influence of Family and Social Attributes on Caregivers Feeding Practices in the Northern Region of Ghana
Authors: Dujin Barma Laribick
Published: December 2019

This qualitative study of the influence of family and social attributes on caregiversâ€™ feeding practices explores how socioeconomic and cultural factors affect caregiversâ€™ feeding practices in the Northern Region of Ghana. The study further assessed how mealtime structure, feeding styles, and food availability and accessibility affected caregiversâ€™ feeding practices. Seventy-nine caregivers of children under five years in the Savelugu/Nanton Municipality and Bunkpurugu/Yunyoo District in the Northern Region of Ghana participated in eight focus group discussions. The results showed that caregivers fed foods that were available and accessible at the family level. The results further revealed that caregivers adopted the authoritative feeding style and caregiversâ€™ employment, income status and family mealtime structure seem to affect caregivers feeding practices. These findings have important implications for developing strategies to curb the high malnutrition prevalence in the study areas. Providing educational programmes by the Ghana Health Service and their partners would go a long way to improve good feeding practices and improve the health status of children in the study areas and Ghana as a country.
Allelopathic Effect of (Sorghum bicolor L.) on Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Growth Characters
Authors: Babiker Sahar Y. , Mutwali Elnasri M.
Published: December 2019

A pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of sorghum residue on germination and some growth characters of radish. The experiment comprised of four treatments where the soil was incorporated with sorghum residue powder at 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5%( w/w) for treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively, the control was free of sorghum residue. Results indicated that an increase was observed at low concentration of sorghum residue in germination, growth characters, but a decrease was detected in chlorophyll content and some elements (Na,Ca, K, P, ) content in radish incorporated with sorghum residue.
Indiscipline among Staff of Ebonyi State Owned Tertiary Educational Institutions
Authors: Nwakpa Paul
Published: December 2019

The study investigated the nature, causes, effects of indiscipline among staff of tertiary educational institutions owned by Ebonyi State government and strategies to be adopted in order to curb indiscipline among the staff. The study was guided by four research questions and three null hypotheses. The population of the study was 500 respondents. Questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The questionnaire was validated by five experts from the department of Science Education of Enugu State University of Science and Technology. The reliability index of the instrument was 0.84 obtained through test-retest procedure via pearsonâ€™s product moment correlation. Mean scores were used to answer the research questions while t-test was used to analyze the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The results of the study revealed the nature, causes, effects and strategies to be adopted to curb indiscipline among staff of tertiary educational institutions owned by Ebonyi State government. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made to include, the adoption of the recommended and accepted strategies to curb indiscipline among staff of Ebonyi State owned tertiary educational institutions. Â Â Â Â
Approaches, Skills and Styles of Leadership Required in Educational Organizations
Authors: Nwakpa Paul
Published: December 2019

Leadership entails active choices among alternatives, and the development of subordinates and mobilizing them to get the job done. A good leader is one who is capable of persuading others to move enthusiastically towards the achievement of goals. What is normally expected from employees is that they work with total zeal and determination but this is not always the case. Without good leadership style, the performance level of subordinates will be poor, which also lead to the organizational low performance and productivity. The objective of this paper therefore, is to examine the various leadership styles, approaches, skill and impact of leadership style in the organization. In carrying out this research, the secondary sources of information and data were utilized. Data were elicited from various text books, journals, news papers etc. It was discovered that participative style of leadership is more embracing as it is capable of influencing subordinates towards higher performance and that acquisition of leadership skills is very important far any leader to lead well in organization. It is recommended amongst others, that there should be cordial relationship between leaders and subordinates. It also added that merit award should be established in organizations, so as to spur subordinates to put in their best.
Male Teachers Attrition: Causes and Consequences in Ebonyi State Public Primary and Secondary Schools
Authors: Nwakpa Paul
Published: December 2019

Objectives: To identify the causes and consequences of male teachers attrition in primary and secondary school in Ebonyi State, and to recommend strategies for adoption.Â Methods/Statistical Analysis: Descriptive survey design was adopted. 300 respondents were used. A 30 item questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts. The reliability index of the instrument was 0.78. The instrument was administered on the respondents by the researcher and nine research assistants. Data collected were analyzed using mean scores and decision rule of 2.50.Â Findings: it was found in table one that low level of educational qualification, low salaries, poor working condition, poor motivation, lack of job satisfaction, poor treatment of teachers contributed to male teachers attrition in primary and secondary schools in Ebonyi state. The above findings agree with1 who opined that low salaries, low educational qualification of male teachers help in male teachers attrition in school.Poor working condition found in this study agrees with2 who observed that poor working condition helps in male teachers attrition in schools. This study found that lack of job satisfaction makes male teachers to drop from teachers is in agreement with3 observation that lack of job satisfaction makes male teachers to leave teaching profession. The uniqueness of the findings of this study lies in the strategies such as giving male students scholarship to read education, giving teachers hazard allowance, extending car loans to teachers, among others. Adopting all the suggested strategies would in fact add prestige to teaching profession and attract the best brains to teaching profession.Â Application/improvements: Adoption of the findings of this study will be the best approach to solve problems facing teaching and learning in primary and secondary schools in Ebonyi State.