bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La nouvelle synthèse et la théorie des cycles réels
Authors: Taouil Rédouane
Published: August 2023

Il est de plus en plus coutume de parler de «nouvelle synthèse» pour qualifier la tradition d’ analyse qui s’attache à étudier les rigidités nominales et les imperfections de marché en accordant une place insigne aux comportements des agents et à la formation rationnelle des anticipations. Or, à en examiner le modèle canonique, on s’aperçoit qu’il s’agit plutôt d’une absorption par la théorie du cycle réel qui réduit la monnaie à un rôle marginal. L’hypothèse primordiale des rigidités s’inscrit dans le cadre de la norme de l’équilibre concurrentiel qui est le référentiel de base de cette théorie. Les caractéristiques de la fonction d’utilité intertemporelle, l’accent mis sur le taux d’intérêt réel et la passivité de la monnaie sont significatifs du statut hégémonique conféré à l’approche réelle. Suite au désarroi pratique et théorique occasionné par la crise, les hypothèses de la nouvelle synthèse ont été la cible des critiques. Les limites de la nouvelle synthèse sont à rechercher dans le traitement qu ’elle réserve à la monnaie et non dans la portée descriptive de ses hypothèses.
Financialized commodity markets: the role of information and policy issues
Authors: Mayer Jörg
Published: August 2023

Accurate information is of crucial importance for derivatives markets to fulfil their traditional roles in price discovery and risk transfer. The financialization of commodity trading has increasingly jeopardized these functions of commodity exchanges. Financial investors tend to trade on information unrelated to commodity market fundamentals and are prone to herd behaviour. Herding by money managers appears to have played an important role in the abrupt and sharp oil price changes in February and May 20 1L Commodity prices have also been increasingly correlated with equity and currency market developments, which are known to have been subject to carry-trade speculation.
Faible transmission des prix internationaux aux marchés domestiques : le poids des habitudes alimentaires au Cameroun
Authors: Meuriot Véronique , Temple Ludovic , Madi Ali
Published: August 2023

Les « émeutes de la faim » de 2008 en Afrique ont fait craindre une pénurie de denrées alimentaires. L’épisode de la flambée des prix internationaux des produits de base a eu diverses répercussions selon le degré de dépendance des pays de la région subsaharienne aux importations de ces produits. Cette situation amène l’économiste à s ’ interroger sur le niveau de relation entre les prix internationaux et les prix domestiques des denrées alimentaires. C’est dans cette logique que nous avons abordé dans le présent article la transmission du prix international du riz sur les marchés domestiques de trois produits vivriers au Cameroun. Les résultats économétriques montrent que les habitudes alimentaires ont certainement empêché cette transmission. Ainsi, la transmission du prix international du riz au prix du riz importé n’a pas eu lieu spontanément. Les non-substitutions entre produits alimentaires ont bloqué tout risque de contagion entre les marchés agro-alimentaires à l ’intérieur du pays
Repenser l’économie du changement climatique
Authors: Damian Michel
Published: August 2023

L’article soutient que l’économie du changement climatique est à repenser. La manière dont on a posé le problème et recherché des solutions (coopération internationale « par le haut », permis C02, taxe, prix du carbone ) est présentée et discutée. Il est montré que la transition énergétique et industrielle qui se dessine témoigne d’un changement de paradigme par rapport à l’économie néoclassique de l’environnement qui a sous-tendu la politique climatique depuis la conférence de Rio en 1992. Sur le plan normatif, l’article défend l’idée que la seule taxation du C02 envisageable est une taxe non pas Pigouvienne mais à la Marshall, c’est-à-dire une taxe dédiée, de financement, dont le montant ne pourrait être au départ que modeste.
Le multiplicateur keynésien intra-territorial : le cas de la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Authors: Charles Sébastien André , Cordonnier Laurent , Dallery Thomas , Melmiès Jordan
Published: August 2023

Cet article cherche à calculer le multiplicateur keynésien de la dépense publique à l’échelle de la région, et plus précisément la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Nécessitant a priori peu de modifications théoriques, il pose cependant d’importants problèmes statistiques, qu’il convient de lever à travers la construction d’une maquette de la macroéconomie régionale. Bien que ne fournissant qu’une estimation de la valeur d’un tel multiplicateur, notre étude conduit à des valeurs assez plausibles et proches des rares études menées sur le sujet.
Un retour au ratio de spécialisation pour interpréter les stratégies de développement des entreprises non financières : Europe et États-Unis, 1992-2007
Authors: El Younsi Hafida , Lebert Didier
Published: August 2023

La distribution bimodale du ratio de spécialisation des grandes entreprises non financières a constitué une régularité statistique remarquable pendant une quarantaine d'années [Reed R. et Sharpe J.A. (1987)]. L'objectif de cet article est défaire un point sur la réalité de ce phénomène sur la période 1992-2007 en Europe et aux Etats-Unis et d'identifier la manière dont les évolutions de la valeur de ce ratio peuvent servir à interpréter les stratégies de développement des entreprises en termes de diversification et de recentrage.
Patrimoine, bien commun et capital naturel : débat conceptuel et mise en perspective dans le domaine de la gestion de l’eau
Authors: Calvo-Mendieta Iratxe , Petit Olivier , Vivien Franck-Dominique
Published: August 2023

Cet article vise à confronter un ensemble d'analyses qui se sont développées ces trente dernières années dans le domaine de la gestion des ressources naturelles, notamment dans celui de la gestion de l’eau. Après avoir rendu compte de la manière dont le débat conceptuel se structure principalement aujourd’hui -à travers les références de plus en plus fréquentes et marquées aux notions de «capital naturel» et de «bien commun » -, nous les confrontons au concept économique de «patrimoine commun», pour souligner la nécessité de traiter conjointement des enjeux d’allocation et de gouvernance des ressources en eau.
L’action territoriale des grands groupes : coopérations, effets induits et patrimonialisation
Authors: Demissy Romain
Published: August 2023

This article exposes a full action-research process about French big companies’ territorial interventions. This action-research allowed us to stress the heritage concept as it gave an empirical content to the territorial resource concept. At last, mobilizing an analysis in terms of heritage opens new questionings about conditions required to increase companies’ capacities to take responsibility for territorial issues.
Origines et conséquences de l’austérité dans les pays périphériques de la zone Euro : une interprétation post-keynésienne de la crise des dettes souveraines
Authors: Charles Sébastien André , Dallery Thomas
Published: August 2023

This article deals with the sustainability of public debt within the analytical scope proposed by Pasinetti, in order to determine the stability conditions of the public debt/GDP ratio. This alternative technique is used to assess austerity policies in some peripheral countries of the Eurozone, insisting on the bad diagnosis addressed about the causes of fiscal deficits. After having shown that the situation of public finances has not been involved by lax fiscal policies in those countries, we make use of Pasinetti’s method to represent the noticeably dubious impact of austerity in those latter.
Turing et la cryptanalyse : mécanisation et probabilités
Authors: Durand-Richard Marie-José , Guillot Philippe
Published: August 2023

La contribution d’Alan M. Turing (1912-1954) à la cryptanalyse est souvent ignorée ou mal connue. Il règne aussi une malencontreuse confusion entre la conception abstraite de Turing du calcul mécanique, sa conception des Bombes qui ont servi au décryptement d’Enigma, et la production du Colossus, premier calculateur électronique conçu et réalisé à Bletchley Park. Cette confusion peut s’expliquer à la fois par une vision trop souvent hagiographique des événements attachés à la vie et à l’oeuvre de Turing, et par le secret qui a longtemps régné sur les productions de Bletchley Park. Cet article vise à resituer le travail de Turing dans le contexte de la vaste entreprise de cryptanalyse qu’a constitué Bletchley Park pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, et à analyser les conditions du rapprochement irréversible ainsi engagé entre cryptanalyse, mécanisation du calcul et mathématiques. Si Turing n’a pas directement contribué à la construction du Colossus, il a développé l’approche probabiliste de la cryptanalyse, que Irving John Good (1916-2009) révélera plusieurs décennies plus tard, et qui est aujourd’hui au fondement de l’analyse séquentielle.
DETECTION OF HUMAN BOCAVIRUS IN RESPIRATORY TRACT SPECIMENS
Authors: TANRIVERDİ ÇAYCI Yeliz , ATEŞ Elif , GÜR VURAL Demet , BİLGİN Kemal , BIRINCI Asuman
Published: August 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to retrospectively examine the patients who presented with the complaints of respiratory tract infection and were found to have Human Bocavirus in the samples studied with the respiratory tract pathogens panel.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients of all age groups who were diagnosed with Human Bocavirus by PCR in the respiratory tract pathogens panel between January 2019 and November 2022.

Results: Human Bocavirus was detected in 36 (3.64%) of 989 patients whose samples were studied with the respiratory tract pathogens panel. Fifteen of the patients (n:36) were under three years old. While Human Bocavirus was detected alone in 18 (50%) of the patients (n: 36), it was detected together with another factor in 18 (50%) patients.

Conclusion: Human Bocavirus can be detected alone and/or as co-, infection in children with acute respiratory tract infection. The cause-effect relationship between Human Bocavirus and respiratory tract infection is not clearly known.
Synthetic Gene Circuit-Based Assay with Multilevel Switch Enables Background-Free and Absolute Quantification of Circulating Tumor DNA
Authors: Zhang Chao , Li Zedong , Liu Jie , Liu Chang , Zhang Haoqing , Lee Won Gu , Yao Chunyan , Guo Hui , Xu Feng
Published: August 2023

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection has found widespread applications in tumor diagnostics and treatment, where the key is to obtain accurate quantification of ctDNA. However, this remains challenging due to the issue of background noise associated with existing assays. In this work, we developed a synthetic gene circuit-based assay with multilevel switch (termed CATCH) for background-free and absolute quantification of ctDNA. The multilevel switch combining a small transcription activating RNA and a toehold switch was designed to simultaneously regulate transcription and translation processes in gene circuit to eliminate background noise. Moreover, such a multilevel switch-based gene circuit was integrated with a Cas9 nickase H840A (Cas9n) recognizer and a molecular beacon reporter to form CATCH for ctDNA detection. The CATCH can be implemented in one-pot reaction at 35 °C with virtually no background noise, and achieve robust absolute quantification of ctDNA when integrated with a digital chip (i.e., digital CATCH). Finally, we validated the clinical capability of CATCH by detecting drug-resistant ctDNA mutations from the plasma of 76 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, showing satisfying clinical sensitivity and specificity. We envision that the simple and robust CATCH would be a powerful tool for next-generation ctDNA detection.
Inferring the Effects of Protein Variants on Protein–Protein Interactions with Interpretable Transformer Representations
Authors: Liu Zhe , Qian Wei , Cai Wenxiang , Song Weichen , Wang Weidi , Maharjan Dhruba Tara , Cheng Wenhong , Chen Jue , Wang Han , Xu Dong , Lin Guan Ning
Published: August 2023

Identifying pathogenetic variants and inferring their impact on protein–protein interactions sheds light on their functional consequences on diseases. Limited by the availability of experimental data on the consequences of protein interaction, most existing methods focus on building models to predict changes in protein binding affinity. Here, we introduced MIPPI, an end-to-end, interpretable transformer-based deep learning model that learns features directly from sequences by leveraging the interaction data from IMEx. MIPPI was specifically trained to determine the types of variant impact (increasing, decreasing, disrupting, and no effect) on protein–protein interactions. We demonstrate the accuracy of MIPPI and provide interpretation through the analysis of learned attention weights, which exhibit correlations with the amino acids interacting with the variant. Moreover, we showed the practicality of MIPPI in prioritizing de novo mutations associated with complex neurodevelopmental disorders and the potential to determine the pathogenic and driving mutations. Finally, we experimentally validated the functional impact of several variants identified in patients with such disorders. Overall, MIPPI emerges as a versatile, robust, and interpretable model, capable of effectively predicting mutation impacts on protein–protein interactions and facilitating the discovery of clinically actionable variants.
Regulating Blood Clot Fibrin Films to Manipulate Biomaterial-Mediated Foreign Body Responses
Authors: Zou Yang , Shan Zhengjie , Han Zongpu , Yang Jieting , Lin Yixiong , Gong Zhuohong , Xie Lv , Xu Jieyun , Xie Runlong , Chen Zhuofan , Chen Zetao
Published: August 2023

The clinical efficacy of implanted biomaterials is often compromised by host immune recognition and subsequent foreign body responses (FBRs). During the implantation, biomaterials inevitably come into direct contact with the blood, absorbing blood protein and forming blood clot. Many studies have been carried out to regulate protein adsorption, thus manipulating FBR. However, the role of clot surface fibrin films formed by clotting shrinkage in host reactions and FBR is often ignored. Because of the principle of fibrin film formation being relevant to fibrinogen or clotting factor absorption, it is feasible to manipulate the fibrin film formation via tuning the absorption of fibrinogen and clotting factor. As biological hydroxyapatite reserved bone architecture and microporous structure, the smaller particle size may expose more microporous structures and adsorb more fibrinogen or clotting factor. Therefore, we set up 3 sizes (small, <0.2 mm; medium, 1 to 2 mm; large, 3 to 4 mm) of biological hydroxyapatite (porcine bone-derived hydroxyapatite) with different microporous structures to investigate the absorption of blood protein, the formation of clot surface fibrin films, and the subsequent FBR. We found that small group adsorbed more clotting factors because of more microporous structures and formed the thinnest and sparsest fibrin films. These thinnest and sparsest fibrin films increased inflammation and profibrosis of macrophages through a potential signaling pathway of cell adhesion–cytoskeleton–autophagy, leading to the stronger FBR. Large group adsorbed lesser clotting factors, forming the thickest and densest fibrin films, easing inflammation and profibrosis of macrophages, and finally mitigating FBR. Thus, this study deepens the understanding of the role of fibrin films in host recognition and FBR and demonstrates the feasibility of a strategy to regulate FBR by modulating fibrin films via tuning the absorption of blood proteins.
Design and computational analysis of an effective multi-epitope vaccine candidate using subunit B of cholera toxin as a build-in adjuvant against urinary tract infections
Authors: Rezaei Maryam , Habibi Mehri , Ehsani Parasoo , Asadi Karam Mohammad Reza , Bouzari Saeid
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections, usually caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). However, antibiotics are a usual treatment for UTIs; because of increasing antibiotic-resistant strains, vaccination can be beneficial in controlling UTIs. Using immunoinformatics techniques is an effective and rapid way for vaccine development. Methods: Three conserved protective antigens (FdeC, Hma, and UpaB) were selected to develop a novel multi-epitope vaccine consisting of subunit B of cholera toxin (CTB) as a mucosal build-in adjuvant to enhance the immune responses. Epitopes-predicted B and T cells and suitable linkers were used to separate them and effectively increase the vaccine's immunogenicity. The vaccine protein's primary, secondary, and tertiary structures were evaluated, and the best 3D model was selected. Since CTB is the TLR2 ligand, molecular docking was made between the vaccine protein and TLR2. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was employed to evaluate the stability of the vaccine protein-TLR2 complex. The vaccine construct was subjected to in silico cloning. Results: The designed vaccine protein has multiple properties in the analysis. The HADDOCK outcomes show an excellent interaction between vaccine protein and TLR2. The MD results confirm the stability of the vaccine protein- TLR2 complex during the simulation. In silico cloning verified the expression efficiency of our vaccine protein. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that our designed vaccine protein could be a promising vaccine candidate against UTI, but further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed.
Bioscaffolds of graphene based-polymeric hybrid materials for myocardial tissue engineering
Authors: Amiryaghoubi Nazanin , Fathi Marziyeh
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Biomaterials currently utilized for the regeneration of myocardial tissue seem to associate with certain restrictions, including deficiency of electrical conductivity and sufficient mechanical strength. These two factors play an important role in cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration. The contractile property of cardiomyocytes depends on directed signal transmission over the electroconductive systems that happen inside the innate myocardium. Because of their distinctive electrical behavior, electroactive materials such as graphene might be used for the regeneration of cardiac tissue. Methods: In this review, we aim to provide deep insight into the applications of graphene and graphene derivative-based hybrid polymeric scaffolds in cardiomyogenic differentiation and cardiac tissue regeneration. Results: Synthetic biodegradable polymers are considered as a platform because their degradation can be controlled over time and easily functionalized. Therefore, graphene-polymeric hybrid scaffolds with anisotropic electrical behavior can be utilized to produce organizational and efficient constructs for macroscopic cardiac tissue engineering. In cardiac tissue regeneration, natural polymer based-scaffolds such as chitosan, gelatin, and cellulose can provide a permissive setting significantly supporting the differentiation and growth of the human induced pluripotent stem cells -derived cardiomyocytes, in large part due to their negligible immunogenicity and suitable biodegradability. Conclusion: Cardiac tissue regeneration characteristically utilizes an extracellular matrix (scaffold), cells, and growth factors that enhance cell adhesion, growth, and cardiogenic differentiation. From the various evaluated electroactive polymeric scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration in the past decade, graphene and its derivatives-based materials can be utilized efficiently for cardiac tissue engineering.
Static electromagnetic field and recombinant human fibroblasts encoding miR-451 and miR-16 increased cell trans-differentiation to CD71+ and CD235a+ erythroid like progenitor
Authors: Karoubi Nafiseh , Khamisipour Gholamreza , Babaei Nahid , Obeidi Narges , Doosti Abbas
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Ex vivo blood production is an urgent need of most countries, and creating production protocols can save the lives of many patients. Despite the recent advances in blood production in ex vivo conditions, its high-scale production is not yet possible, and requires further studies. Therefore, by transfecting fibroblast cells with miR-16, and miR-451 genes, as well as applying low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) treatment, we tried to increase the differentiation of these cells into CD71+ and CD235a+ erythroid like progenitors. Methods: After preparation, and cultivation of human dermal transgenic fibroblast cells, they were transfected by Plenti3-hsa-miR451, Plenti3-hsa-miR16 and Plenti3-backbone inserted into E. coli Stbl4 genome. Then, transgenic fibroblast cells were treated with 10mT ELF-EMF every day for 20 minutes for 7 days. Using a flow cytometer, the expressions of CD71, and CD235a were studied in these cells, and the expressions of genes involved in hematopoiesis were studied using the RT-PCR technique. Results: The results indicated an increase in the differentiation of fibroblast cells treated with 10mT ELF-EMF to erythroid like progenitors. Furthermore, the percentage of CD71+ and CD235a+ cells was the highest in irradiated cells encoding miR-16 and miR-451, which indicates their differentiation into erythroid like progenitors. Also, in the transgenic cells treated with ELF-EMF, an increase in the expressions of α-chain, β-chain, γ-chain and GATA1 genes was observed, which indicates the potential of these cells for hematopoiesis. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of CD34 and CD38 genes in these cell lines. Conclusion: Both ELF-EMF and upregulations of miR-16 and miR-451 lead to improved differentiation of fibroblast cells into erythroid like progenitors.
LED based Low-Cost Photo-Acoustic Setup by Using Stethoscope
Authors: DURMUŞ Ela , KARABULUT Ensar , AKKAYA İbrahim , ÖZTÜRK Yavuz
Published: August 2023

In this study, design and characterization of a low-cost photo-acoustic setup is presented. Photo-acoustic effect is a very intriguing photo-thermo-acoustic effect having applications in a wide range from biomedical science to material characterization. The basic components of a photo-acoustic setup are a sound detector with or without an acoustic cell, a modulated light source preferably with enough power, and an absorbing object. One of the challenging problems is to couple the produced photo-acoustic waves into the detector and this problem was solved by using a commercial sound sensor module connected to a stethoscope. As a modulated light source simply a high power flashlight driven with an amplifier and MOSFET circuit was used. Both detection and light modulation were designed and operated to be via sound card input/output (I/O) of a computer and/or cell phone. Light power and frequency response of the system were presented and 523 Hz was determined as a resonance frequency of the system.
Vitamina D a la admisión y gravedad de la enfermedad en pacientes con COVID-19 en la unidad de cuidados intensivos
Authors: Gonzalez Victoria , Galletti Cayetano , Alvarez Vizzoni Romina , Saldivar Yanina , Kessler Nicolás , Irades Francisco , Minoldo Estefanía , Calcagno Pablo , Aliscioni Antonella , Zaya Ursula
Published: August 2023

Introducción: la 25-hidroxivitamina D (25(OH)D) disminuiría la incidencia de infecciones respiratorias virales por su efecto pleiotrópico en la inmunomodulación. 
Objetivos: investigar la posible asociación entre deficiencia grave de 25(OH)D a la admisión en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y gravedad de la enfermedad en pacientes diagnosticados con enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019 (COVID-19); determinar si existe una asociación entre la deficiencia grave de 25(OH)D a la admisión, el requerimiento de ventilación mecánica invasiva, las comorbilidades y la mortalidad. 
Métodos: estudio retrospectivo observacional, que incluyó a 164 pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 ingresados a la UCI que tuvieran valores plasmáticos de 25(OH)D las primeras 72 horas de internación. 
Resultados: exhibieron deficiencia de 25(OH)D (< 30 ng/ mL) 136 (83 %) pacientes y 35 (21 %) presentaron valores de 25(OH)D ≤ 12 ng/ml. Los pacientes con deficiencia grave de 25(OH)D tuvieron significativamente mayor probabilidad de COVID-19 grave (odds ratio [OR]: 2,2; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95 %: 1,02 a 5,06; p = 0,049) y presentaron mayor probabilidad de requerir ventilación mecánica invasiva (OR: 2,4; IC 95 %: 1,09 a 5,58; p = 0 ,036). La mortalidad fue significativamente mayor en el grupo con deficiencia grave de 25(OH)D (40 % frente a 22 %; p = 0 ,03), con un OR de 2,4; IC 95 %: 1,07 a 5,32; p = 0 ,031. En el modelo multivariado, el antecedente de enfermedad cardiovascular, deficiencia grave de 25(OH)D, presión arterial de oxígeno/fracción inspirada de oxígeno (PaO2/FiO2) y ventilación mecánica invasiva permanecieron significativos. 
Conclusión: este estudio confirma que la deficiencia grave de vitamina D se asocia con una afectación pulmonar más grave, una mayor gravedad de la enfermedad y riesgo de muerte en pacientes con COVID-19.
Efectos de la rehabilitación temprana en el paciente adulto en condición crítica: una revisión narrativa
Authors: López-Yarce Javier , Solis Martínez Obed , Vázquez-Roque Ruben Antonio
Published: August 2023

La inactividad física del paciente durante una larga estadía hospitalaria contribuye a la pérdida de masa muscular, principalmente en las extremidades inferiores, lo que a su vez genera complicaciones y estancias hospitalarias prolongadas. El estado catabólico durante la enfermedad crítica provoca un cambio de rol en el músculo. Por día, en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) hay una pérdida del 2 % de masa muscular, y durante la primera semana de estancia hospitalaria hay una pérdida del 12,5 % del área transversal muscular en presencia de ventilación mecánica (VM). La debilidad adquirida en la UCI (DAUCI) es una condición de debilidad generalizada que se presenta durante la enfermedad crítica y que ocurre hasta en un 50 % de los pacientes críticamente enfermos. La DAUCI se relaciona principalmente con inmovilización en la cama hospitalaria, mayor duración de la VM, aumento de la estancia hospitalaria acompañada de una reducción de masa muscular esquelética, así como aumento de la mortalidad. En la UCI, el principal indicador a evaluar en el paciente es la debilidad muscular. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los efectos de la estancia prolongada y el reposo en cama sobre el paciente en condición crítica, así como la importancia de la rehabilitación temprana. De acuerdo con los resultados, la rehabilitación temprana basada en la movilidad progresiva en la UCI es un tema prioritario que tiene la finalidad de prevenir el deterioro musculoesquelético y favorecer la recuperación física; además, reduce la estancia en la UCI, disminuye los días de VM, mejora la calidad de vida y disminuye la mortalidad.
SHORT PEPTIDE-BASED POLYSACCHARIDE HYDROGELS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING: A MINI REVIEW
Authors:   Huzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., China, JIANG SONG , LIU YUE ,   Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, GU YUAN ,   Statistics Department, George Washington University, USA
Published: August 2023

The usage of short peptide-based polysaccharide hydrogels for tissue engineering was discussed in this review. It explained the drawbacks of employing short peptide-based polysaccharide hydrogels as tissue regeneration scaffolds, while highlighting their benefits. In this review, we first gave a brief overview of short peptide-based polysaccharide hydrogel design process. Then, we provided additionally detailed information of the hydrogels with categorized polysaccharides (hyaluronic acid, dextran, chitosan, alginate, and agarose). We also explained the bioactive short peptides Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val (IKVAV), and Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg (YIGSR) that were used to modify these polysaccharide hydrogels in order to enhance cell behaviors, including survival, adhesion, proliferation, and migration. Their applications in tissue engineering were also demonstrated and summarized in this review.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIAL CELLULOSE PRODUCED IN MODIFIED HESTERIN-SCHRAMM MEDIUM BY GLUCONACETOBACTER XYLINUS
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,  Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, ALIGHANBARI MOHAMMADMAHDI , DANAFAR FIROOZEH ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,  Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, BAKHTIARI FERESHTEH ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,  Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, JAJARMI MAZIAR ,   Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Published: August 2023

This work investigated the suitability of using date syrup for producing bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (PTCC 1734). In the preliminary study, BC was produced in Hesterin-Schramm (HS) medium. The highest production yield was achieved after 12 days of cultivation at the initial pH of 8. Considering this result, BC was produced in modified HS media containing date syrup. In the modified HS1 (MHS1) medium, glucose was omitted, and in the modified HS2 (MHS2) medium, neither glucose nor peptone was present. Interestingly, the production yield in the modified media was about 75% higher than the production using HS medium. The amounts of BC produced using MHS1 and MHS2 media were obtained as 5.03 gL-1 and 5.17 gL-1, respectively. Structure analysis of these specimens indicated long fibrils, with diameters less than 70 nm. However, the crystallinity index of BC obtained from MHS1 media, containing peptone, was higher than that of BS produced in MHS2.
SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRINT AND PACKAGING INDUSTRY
Authors:   Department of Printing Technologies, Faculty of Applied Sciences,  Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, AYDEMIR CEM , YENIDOĞAN SEMIHA ,   Department of Printing Technologies, Faculty of Applied Sciences,  Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, TUTAK DOĞAN ,   Department of Printing Technologies, Faculty of Applied Sciences,  Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: August 2023

In the printing and packaging industry, sustainability is defined as manufacture and practices that reflect responsibility for the environment and resources to meet the needs and expectations of future generations. In this article, raw material management, cellulose resources, industrial forests, ecological and renewable alternative fiber resources were examined in the framework of the sustainability of the printing and packaging industry. The recycling of printed materials and packaging and the effects of paper-ink types and product design in this recycling have been discussed. The effect of separation and processing at the source on the efficiency of paper recycling, economy and ecology was emphasized. The greenhouse gas emissions of solvents used in inks and cleaners, the impact on climate change, water footprint and carbon footprint issues were examined. Suggestions have been made on environmental sustainability in the printing industry, what needs to be done for a competitive production, successful optimization, minimization of waste, use of existing possibilities, recycling and evaluation of alternatives and use of clean energy.
Pengaruh Kapasitas dan Waktu Pemanasan Terhadap Analisa Perhitungan Kalor Peleburan Es
Authors: Boni Junita  , Itang Ambo , Sucipto Ali
Published: August 2023

Kalor merupakan energi yang dapat disimpan dalam bentuk kalor sensibel dan kalor laten. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisa terhadap pengaruh waktu pemanasan dan kapasitas media atau benda penerima panas terhadap kalor sensibel dan kalor laten selama proses peleburan es. Bahan yang digunakan adalah es dengan variasi komposisi 100 gr, 200 gr, 300 gr, 400 gr dan 500 gr. Pada proses peleburan es ada variasi waktu yaitu 30 detik, 60 detik, 90 detik, dan 120 detik. Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah pada semua variasi kapasitas dan waktu pengujian nilai kalor sensibel terendah adalah 6,688 kj pada kapasitas benda uji 100 gr untuk waktu pengujian selama 60 detik dan nilai kalor sensibel tertinggi adalah 91,96 kJ pada kapasitas 500 gr untuk pengujian selama 120 detik. Pada nilai kalor laten terendah adalah 66,88 kJ/kg pada kapasitas benda uji 100 gr untuk waktu pengujian selama 60 detik dan nilai kalor laten tertinggi adalah 209 kJ/kg pada kapasitas benda uji 400 gr untuk waktu pengujian selama 30 detik. Hal tersebut berarti kapasitas benda uji dan waktu pengujian memperngaruhi nilai kalor laten dan nilai kalor sensibel dari benda yang diuji. Pengaruh kapasitas dan waktu pengujian akan berbanding lurus dengan nilai kalor sensibel dan nilai kalor latennya.
Rancang Bangun Burner Peleburan Logam Tipe Gun Berbahan Bakar Liquified Petrolium Gas (LPG)
Authors: Mochamad Bastomi  , Faisal Muhammad , Asrul
Published: August 2023

Dalam perkembangan teknologi pengecoran logam, burner yang baik adalah burner yang menghasilkan panas optimal dalam membakar tungku peleburan logam sehingga dapat mempercepat leburnya logam. Burner sebagai alat yang dapat mengatur pembakaran melakukan pencampuran antara udara dan bahan bakar sehingga dihasilkan pembakaran yang baik dan meningkatkan efisiensi pembakaran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk merancang burner peleburan logam tipe gun berbahan bakar LPG yang mengarah pada produksi kalor yang dihasilkan pada saat pembakaran. Tahapan proses rancangan alat yaitu gambar desain alat, pemotongan bahan, dan perakitan alat hingga menjadi burner. Proses pengambilan data pada penelitian ini melakukan pengujian langsung pada burner sebagai data awal penelitian. Hasil penelitian bahwa alat pembakar tipe gun dirancang menghasilkan nilai kalor (q) sebesar 1311,35 kJ dengan rasio udara terhadap bahan bakar 1:10,17.
Analisis Dinamika Eksplisit Pada Pelek Ring 15 Dengan Metode Simulasi Uji Impak
Authors: Rizqi Rojo Agung , Rifky Rifky , Ariyansah Riyan
Published: August 2023

Pelek merupakan salah satu komponen yang menopang beban kendaraan dan menerima gaya-gaya eksternal, seperti beban jalan yang tidak merata atau dampak tabrakan, pelek harus mampu mengatasi tantangan ini tanpa mengalami kegagalan struktural yang dapat mengakibatkan kecelakaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika eksplisit pada pelek ring 15 menggunakan metode simulasi uji impak. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tegangan ekuivalen, perilaku regangan elastis dan plastis, serta performa struktural pelek ring 15 dalam menghadapi beban impak. Simulasi uji impak dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak ANSYS dengan menerapkan standar SAE J175. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tegangan ekuivalen maksimum yang diterima oleh pelek ring 15 akibat beban impak adalah sebesar 315,71 MPa. Selain itu, regangan elastis ekuivalen maksimum yang terjadi adalah sebesar 0,004497 mm/mm, sedangkan regangan plastis ekuivalen maksimum adalah sebesar 0,025421 mm/mm. Visualisasi sebaran tegangan dan regangan menunjukkan bahwa area kritis pada pelek yang berpotensi mengalami retak atau kerusakan signifikan terletak pada area yang mengalami tegangan dan regangan tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan untuk melanjutkan penelitian dengan variasi pelek dan parameter tumbukan, serta melibatkan validasi eksperimental. Fokus pengembangan penelitian dapat diberikan pada teknik desain pelek yang lebih tahan terhadap beban impak dan analisis kegagalan pelek untuk meningkatkan keselamatan dan kinerja pelek pada kendaraan
Pengembangan Material Bambu Untuk Pembuatan Bodi Speed Boat
Authors: Lamappasessu Andi , Rahmalina Dwi
Published: August 2023

Penelitian tentang penggunaan serat alam dalam berbagai bidang teknik semakin berkembang. Penelitian yang berkembang menginginkan suatu bahan mudah diperoleh, mudah diolah sesuai peruntukannya, murah, memenuhi persyaratan mekanik dan fisik serta ramah terhadap lingkungan. Penggunaan material Bamboo (Bamboo Strip Reinforced/BSR) dengan sistem laminasi, untuk pembuatan Speed Boat menjadi alternatif sebagai pilihan material lain selain material yang sebelumnya banyak digunakan yaitu: Besi, Aluminium, Fiberglass Reinforced Polymer dan kayu. Bambu yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan alternatif pembuatan Speed Boat adalah bambu Andong (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea) untuk pembuatan kulit Body Speed Boat. Untuk memastikan material bambu yang digunakan dapat memenuhi persyaratan sifat mekanik sebagai bahan pembuatan Speed Boat dengan proses manufaktur Hand Lay Up Laminate dan sistem Composite, maka dilakukan analisis terhadap hasil pengujian kekuatan tarik, kekuatan lentur, modulus elastisitas dan berat jenis Fiber Bamboo Reinforced Polymer (FBR). Langkah berikutnya adalah membandingkan hasil kuat tarik, kuat lentur, modulus elastisitas dan berat jenis bahan bambu terhadap material komposit Fiberglass Reinforced Polymer (FRP). Adapun standar yang digunakan untuk uji tarik, lentur, modulus elastisitas dan kerapatan material adalah Peraturan Kapal Fiberglass 2016 dan Peraturan BKI, Peraturan Klasifikasi dan Konstruksi Kapal Kayu 2016, Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia untuk Material Pembuatan Speed Boat, ISO 527-4 dan ISO 14125. Dari hasil pengujian akan dipilih jenis material yang memiliki karakteristik mekanik terbaik untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku alternatif pembuatan body kapal/speed boat, akan menjadi sumber informasi untuk penyusunan Peraturan & Ketentuan BKI terkait pembuatan kapal / speed boot dari bahan bambu, sebagai acuan penyusunan SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia) untuk pembuatan kapal / speed boat.
Studi Kelayakan Jenis Baterai Kendaraan Listrik Roda Empat Dengan Metode Weigthed Objective Untuk Program Kendaraan Listrik Di Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu  , Karmiadji Djoko W. , Firman La Ode M.
Published: August 2023

Baterai merupakan salah satu komponen terpenting pada kendaraan listrik. Dari beberapa jenis aki yang ada di pasaran saat ini, Indonesia harus bisa mengkolaborasikan antara ketersediaan bahan baku dan teknologi pembuatan dan perakitan baterai tersebut agar jenis baterai yang dikembangkan efektif dan mampu bersaing di pasaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mensimulasikan baterai Lead Acid, Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH), dan Lithium-ion (Li-ion). Data yang dihasilkan merupakan hasil kajian literatur dengan menggunakan metode weighted objective dengan membandingkan kriteria yaitu kepadatan energi, emisi baterai, proses manufakturing, ketersediaan bahan baku utama, dan fasilitas daur ulang dari baterai. Data yang diperoleh untuk setiap kriteria digunakan sebagai dasar pembobotan dengan menggunakan metode weighted objective. Hasil perhitungan dari metode tersebut jenis baterai Li-ion memperoleh nilai 280, NiMH memperoleh nilai 270, dan lead acid memperoleh nilai 220. Nilai tersebut dapat dijadikan referensi sebagai tingkat kelayakan untuk implementasi baterai kendaraan listrik roda empat di Indonesia.
Analisis Kekuatan Las Pada Sambungan Bejana Tekan Decolorizer
Authors: Prasetyo Eko , Hariri Hasan , Hermawan Rudi , Putra M. Reza Anarta
Published: August 2023

Pengelasan adalah proses menggabungkan dua logam dengan kekuatan tinggi, yang merupakan bagian penting dari proses manufaktur. Studi ini menganalisis kekuatan las pada sambungan bejana tekan decolorizer. Bejana tekan decolorizer ini berisi cairan berjenis polyacrilic acid, hydrogen peroxide, dan ethylene dichloride (EDC). Cairan ini akan digunakan untuk menghilangkan warna dari material, baik yang memiliki warna alami maupun warna tambahan. Bejana tekan ini digunakan di perusahaan tekstil dan percetakan kertas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengumpulkan data tentang sifat mekanis dan fisik dari sambungan las GTAW dengan material SA 283 Grade C. Uji tarik, bending, radiografi, dan penetrant adalah metode pengujian yang digunakan. Standar pembuatan spesimen didasarkan pada standar ASME section IX sebagai validasi hasil pengujian dari material SA 283 Grade C. Dari pengujian tarik yang telah dilakukan hasil untuk spesimen T1 terjadinya titik elastisitas pada beban 110 kN dengan beban maksimum kekuatan tarik sebesar 204,36 kN dan regangan maksimum pada saat patah sepanjang 36 mm, sedangkan untuk spesimen T2 diperoleh titik elastisitas pada beban 105 kN dengan beban maksimum pada kekuatan tarik sebesar 204,76 kN dan regangan maksimum pada saat patah sepanjang 32 mm yang terlihat patahan terjadi pada zona HAZ (Heat – Affected Zone) pada base metal yang menandakan hasil lasan lebih kuat dibandingkan base metal. Hasil pengujian bending pada spesimen face bend dan root bend menunjukkan tidak ada retakan atau lubang pada daerah lasan. Berdasarkan hasil radiography dan pengujian dye pentrant test tidak terlihat adanya kecacatan baik berupa cavities maupun crack.
The Formation Process and Influence of the Constitution's Concept of the Nation
Authors:   Korean Constitutional Law Asscciation, Chong Sangwoo
Published: August 2023

The nation are the subjects of enactment of the constitution and members of the national community. According to the Constitution, the nation become the subject of basic rights and participate in the political process. The Constitutional Assembly enacted the Nationality Act as a criterion for becoming a citizen to clarify the identity of the state and maintain continuity. Since citizens have various rights and obligations from their status, the criteria for determining nationality are very important. Since the Constitution of Korea had a strong national state tendency, the Nationality Act adopted ‘jus sanguinis’. However, it was intended to establish an open principle for the Korean people in foreign countries, which also appeared as a policy for overseas Koreans. In this study, we tried to normatively analyze how the term “nation” was adopted in the Constitution, what is the meaning of the term “nation,” and the process of determining the requirements for becoming citizens in the Nationality Act. Many drafts of the Constitution tended to use people's terms rather than nation. In particular, when expressing the subject matter of sovereignty or members of the national community, there was a tendency to use the entire nation, the entire people, and the Korean people. However, in the case of nationality as a component of the state, the national term was always used. In other words, it was confirmed that the people were an expansionary concept as a concept based on ethnicity, but the nation were a relatively narrow concept as a concept of the nation determined by the Nationality Act. This can be said to be the result of comprehensive consideration of the division of the two Koreas, the return of compatriots, the arrangement of family registers, and the exercise of the right to vote. Considering the forward-looking attitude toward compatriots at the time of the enactment of the Constitution, it was considered necessary to take improved measures against overseas Koreans even at this point.
Begründungspflicht des Gesetzgebers
Authors:   Korean Constitutional Law Asscciation, Bae Chunghwa
Published: August 2023

“Der Gesetzgeber schuldet den Verfassungsorganen und Organen im Staat, auch den Verfassungsgerichten nichts als das Gesetz.” Diese berühmte Aussage stammt vom ehemaligen Verfassungsrichter Willi Geiger. Trotz dieser Formulierung hat das Bundesverfassungsgericht erklärt, dass der Gesetzgeber in Ausnahmefällen eine Begründungspflicht tragen sollte. Bei der Beurteilung der Ausnahmeklausel des Art. 115 GG a.F. sollte der Haushaltsgesetzgeber zunächst eine Begründung vorlegen müssen. Zweitens sollte der Gesetzgeber bei der Verabschiedung des Hartz-IV-Gesetzes begründen, ob das Existenzminimum richtig geschätzt wurde. Schließlich sollte der Gesetzgeber bei der Feststellung von der Besoldung der Beamten erläutern, ob diese mit dem Alimentationsprinzip vereinbar ist. Wenn die verfassungsrechtlichen Maßstäbe unklar sind, dann ist der Gesetzgeber verpflichtet, die Begründung abzugeben. Diese Dogmatik ist auch auf koreanische Rechtsdogmatik übertragbar. Hinsichtlich des Sozialrechts hat das koreanische Verfassungsgericht bisher keine aktive Entscheidung getroffen, ob ein Verstoß gegen das Sozialrecht vorliegt. Wenn der Gesetzgeber in diesem Fall die Begründung darlegen müsste, dann könnte das Sozialrecht auch als eine justiziable Rechtsnorm fungieren. Dies würde sowohl den Spielraum des Gesetzgebers wahren als auch den Vorrang der Verfassung in Bezug auf das Sozialrecht gewährleisten.
Different dimensions of conspicuous consumption in the emerging market of Bangladesh
Authors:   University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, Tanha Moutusi , Tanha Moutusi ,   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Tasnim Shahira ,   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Raju Md Ali Reza ,   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Islam Waliul ,   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Shawn Fahimuzzaman ,   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Talukder Moin ,   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Islam Md. Jahidul ,   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Published: August 2023

Purpose: This study wishes to explore the level of understanding of how consumers in the market perceive conspicuous consumption. Research methodology: A qualitative research process was applied for collecting and evaluating the information, and the data is collected using the Ethnographic and Netnographic approaches to conduct this study. Results: Customers buy luxury things based on aesthetic value, originality, social standing, desired states, and money use. For social standing, people purchase premium products. The desire to consume luxury items and services also encourage their conspicuous purchase, according to the research. People use luxury things to maximize their fortune. Limitations: This research is conducted within Bangladesh. If it is broader research and there is available time, the study can be performed in different regions of the country. Core data can be obtained if observing each respondent for a long time is possible. Contribution: According to this study, Bangladeshi consumers redefine luxury through their product attitudes. This research has managerial and academic uses. This research teaches about conspicuous consumption. This study suggests luxury brand owners modify items to diverse countries so cultural differences don't affect conspicuous purchasing. As counterfeit items may be dangerous to health, particularly electronics, marketing managers can raise awareness by researching this research.
Government Covid-19 Stimulus Package, Smes' Awareness, Accessibility, and Challenges in Cape Coast
Authors:   School of Business, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana, Amegayibor Godson Kwame
Published: August 2023

Purpose: This is to analyze the level of knowledge of the government's COVID-19 stimulus package among SMEs in the Cape Coast Metropolitan area. Research methodology: Quantitative and descriptive approaches were used in the investigation. Purposive sampling was used to sample 234 SMEs; a structured questionnaire was used to gather data; descriptive and inferential statistics were used; and SPSS version 20 was used to enter, transform, and analyze the data. Results: The result indicates SMEs have a poor level of awareness. The SMEs have a low level of access, and it was also discovered that the SMEs confront numerous problems in obtaining packages, particularly when political affiliation is taken into account. Limitations: The study was small and focused on a single urban area. Since the pandemic is still with us and has a significant impact on commercial transactions, more research should be undertaken in a large study region. Contribution: The theory clearly shows why, for SMEs to develop and the sector to perform in support of any country's economy during a pandemic like COVID-19, the government, as the controller of money and other resources, needs to provide the necessary financial package, whether implicit or explicit, to oil a crumbling sector due to the pandemic.