bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Full‐flow‐regime storage‐streamflow correlation patterns provide insights into hydrologic functioning over the continental US
Authors: Fang Kuai , Shen Chaopeng
Published: August 2017

Interannual changes in low, median, and high regimes of streamflow have important implications for flood control, irrigation, and ecologic and human health. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites record global terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA), providing an opportunity to observe, interpret, and potentially utilize the complex relationships between storage and full‐flow‐regime streamflow. Here we show that utilizable storage‐streamflow correlations exist throughout vastly different climates in the continental US (CONUS) across low‐ to high‐flow regimes. A panoramic framework, the storage‐streamflow correlation spectrum (SSCS), is proposed to examine macroscopic gradients in these relationships. SSCS helps form, corroborate or reject hypotheses about basin hydrologic behaviors. SSCS patterns vary greatly over CONUS with climate, land surface, and geologic conditions. Data mining analysis suggests that for catchments with hydrologic settings that favor storage over runoff, e.g., a large fraction of precipitation as snow, thick and highly‐permeable permeable soil, SSCS values tend to be high. Based on our results, we form the hypotheses that groundwater flow dominates streamflows in Southeastern CONUS and Great Plains, while thin soils in a belt along the Appalachian Plateau impose alimit on water storage. SSCS also suggests shallow water table caused by high‐bulk density soil and flat terrain induces rapid runoff in several regions. Our results highlight the importance of subsurface properties and groundwater flow in capturing flood and drought. We propose that SSCS can be used as a fundamental hydrologic signature to constrain models and to provide insights thatlead usto better understand hydrologic functioning.
A Triboelectric Self‐Powered Sensor for Tire Condition Monitoring: Concept, Design, Fabrication, and Experiments
Authors: Askari Hassan , Saadatnia Zia , Khajepour Amir , Khamesee Mir Behrad , Zu Jean
Published: August 2017

This paper presents a novel type of triboelectric‐based self‐powered sensor for tire condition monitoring. The triboelectric based sensor is made of highly flexible, mechanically and thermally durable, and cost‐effective polymeric materials. The authors firstly report the location inside of a tire for attaching the sensor to monitor tire conditions. Then, the authors analyze the performance of the sensor under different frequencies and stroke displacements to show the capability of the fabricated device as a self‐powered sensor. Furthermore, the authors evaluate the durability and performance of the sensor to delineate its potential for tire condition monitoring. The results show that the fabricated self‐powered sensor has the potential of measuring the tire forces and pressure. The use of the proposed sensor for tire condition monitoring systems (TCMS) can be considered as a significant step toward developing smart tires, improving vehicles control strategy, and accordingly, enhancing passengers safety.
Precise Exciton Allocation for Highly Efficient White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Low Efficiency Roll‐Off Based on Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Exciplex Emission
Authors: Wu Zhongbin , Yu Ling , Zhao Fangchao , Qiao Xianfeng , Chen Jiangshan , Ni Fan , Yang Chuluo , Ahamad Tansir , Alshehri Saad M. , Ma Dongge
Published: August 2017

White organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) are highly attractive in the fields of solid‐state lighting. The biggest challenge that is facing at present is how to maximize the exciton utilization to further enhance the efficiency, while taking into account the stability. Here, highly efficient all‐fluorescence and fluorescence/phosphorescence (F/P) hybrid WOLEDs with low efficiency roll‐off by designing exciplex‐sandwich emissive architecture and precisely manipulating the exciton allocation are demonstrated. The resulting complementary‐color hybrid WOLEDs realize the maximum external quantum efficiency of 28.3% and power efficiency of 102.9 lm W−1, and remain 26.9% and 73.5 lm W−1 at 500 cd m−2 and yet as high as 25.8% and 63.5 lm W−1 at 1000 cd m−2, respectively, revealing very low roll‐off. By using the efficient blue exciplex combined with red and green phosphorescent emitters, the three‐color WOLEDs yield a high color rendering index of 86, an external quantum efficiency of 29.4%, and a power efficiency of 75.5 lm W−1. It is anticipated that the exciplex engineering will open an efficient avenue to precisely allocate excitons, and finally producing high‐performance WOLEDs for next‐generation solid‐state lighting technology.
Stabilization of Uncertain Multi‐Order Fractional Systems Based on the Extended State Observer
Authors: Chen Liping , Chen Gang , Wu Ranchao , Tenreiro Machado J.A. , Lopes António M. , Ge Suoliang
Published: August 2017

The extended state observer (ESO) based controller has been used successfully with integer‐order systems involving large uncertainties. In this paper, the robust control of uncertain multi‐order fractional‐order (FO) systems based on ESO is investigated. First, we transform the multi‐order FO system into an equivalent system in the form of a same‐order state‐space equation. Then, the ESO for the new system is established for estimating both the state and the total disturbance. Sufficient conditions for bounded‐input and bounded‐output stability are derived, and the asymptotic stability of the closed loop system is analyzed, based on whether the states are available or not. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed methodology.
Forced acoustic oscillations of biological cell
Authors: Kharlanov Aleksandr V.
Published: August 2017

This article considers the possibility of excitation of acoustic oscillations in a cell by electromagnetic waves. In this process, not only the frequency but also the length of a wave is of great importance. It is also reported that the pulse signal can be more effective than harmonic signal, and the pulse length is not essential. In accordance with this fact, it is possible to explain the biological effects of electromagnetic waves and to develop new medical electronic devices. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:613–617, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cancer: Towards a general theory of the target
Authors: Vincent Mark D.
Published: August 2017

General theories (GT) are reductionist explications of apparently independent facts. Here, in reviewing the literature, I develop a GT to simplify the cluttered landscape of cancer therapy targets by revealing they cluster parsimoniously according to only a few underlying principles. The first principle is that targets can be only exploited by either or both of two fundamentally different approaches: causality‐inhibition, and ‘acausal’ recognition of some marker or signature. Nonetheless, each approach must achieve both of two separate goals, efficacy (reduction in cancer burden) and selectivity (sparing of normal cells); if the mechanisms are known, this provides a definition of rational treatment. The second principle is target fragmentation, whereby the target may perform up to three categoric functions (cytoreduction, modulation, cytoprotection), potentially mediated by physically different target molecules, even on different cell types, or circulating freely. This GT remains incomplete until the minimal requirements for cure, or alternatively, proof that cure is impossible, become predictable.
Seed‐mediated Growth of Au Nanoplates on the Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Films for Surface‐enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Kim Young‐Kwan , Jang Hongje , Kang Kyungtae
Published: August 2017

We developed a seed‐mediated growth strategy for the synthesis of Au nanoplate on the pyrene ethyleneglycol amine (PEA) functionalized reduced graphene oxide (PEA‐RGO) films. This process yielded 17.6% of Au nanoplates on the PEA‐RGO films, and the synthesized Au nanoplate/PEA‐RGO nanohybrid films showed high potential as a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform.
Asymmetric Growth of Silver Citrate Compounds by Mechanical Stirring and Their Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Jang Heung Ju , Yun Hyosuk , Oh Se‐Woung , Jung Byoung‐Gue , Lee Chul Won , Lim Jong Kuk
Published: August 2017

The development of a new class of antibiotics is urgently needed, because antibiotic resistance became a serious problem in the pharmaceutical and medical fields. Recently, silver compounds, composed of silver and organic molecules, have been developed as effective antimicrobial agents. For instance, silver citrate (Ag3C6H5O7; Ag‐Cit) compounds prepared in the form of precipitates can exhibit a strong antimicrobial activity. Ag‐Cit compounds were easily prepared in the mixture ofAgNO3and trisodium citrate dihydrate (C6H5Na3O7·2H2O) solutions. Herein, we demonstrated that simple mechanical stirring significantly changed the morphology (shape and size) of Ag‐Cit from bulk (bulk Ag‐Cit) to rod‐like nanostructures (Ag‐Cit nanorods). Ag‐Cit nanorods exhibited antimicrobial activity stronger than that of bulk Ag‐Cit against both Gram‐negative and ‐positive bacteria. These data indicate that the bactericidal activity of Ag‐Cit compounds is dependent on their morphology and will provide valuable information for the development of antimicrobial materials based on Ag‐Cit compounds.
Ag Displacement on Cu Foam with Additives for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Lee Hyunju , Ahn Sang Hyun
Published: August 2017

For electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, an Ag catalyst supported by Cu foam was prepared electrochemically by bubble‐templated Cu electrodeposition and subsequent Ag galvanic displacement. The morphology and crystal structure of the displaced Ag on the Cu foam varied significantly depending on the type of additive. Electrochemical analysis revealed variations in the electrochemical surface area and different Ag and Cu surface compositions depending on the type of additive used in the Ag galvanic displacement step. Among the prepared Ag/Cu foams, the foam having the highest Ag(220)/Ag(111) ratio exhibited the highest CO Faradaic efficiency at a certain constant potential. In the potential range between −0.46 and −0.96 VRHE, the Ag(220)/Ag(111) ratio significantly affected the normalized CO partial current, showing the importance of control of a certain facet in the Ag crystal structure by the additives.
The thin blue line: Camaraderie amidst chaos
Authors: Zacarese Lawrence M.
Published: August 2017

It has often been said that police officers are a unique group. I can personally attest to the validity of that assertion and would add that the uniqueness is not just because of the work we do, or the training we undergo, or the stresses we endure. The essence of what makes a cop a cop goes far beyond the qualifications for the job and the everyday aspects experienced once you graduate from the police academy.
Adopt best practices for emergency management planning for students traveling abroad
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: August 2017

Emergency management on your campus is a difficult enough task, but adding in emergency management for students who travel abroad complicates your responsibilities as a campus safety officer even further. “Education Abroad: Effective Crisis Management” a white paper written by Joseph L. Brockington and released by NAFSA: Association of International Educators, outlines best practices for developing an emergency response plan and policy for students, along with tips for dealing with media and resources for staying up‐to‐date on worldwide safety concerns.
Study: Parents of very preterm babies are as happy as other parents when their children are grown
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2017

Premature babies are known to have many problems when they are young. These problems are physical and developmental. Going through it as a parent, you may sometimes wonder if everything will be OK in the end.
Monodisperse Nano‐Fe3O4 on α‐Al2O3 Catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis to Lower Olefins: Promoter and Size Effects
Authors: Yuan Yong , Huang Shouying , Wang Hongyu , Wang Yifan , Wang Jian , Lv Jing , Li Zhenhua , Ma Xinbin
Published: August 2017

The front cover artwork for Issue 16/2017 is provided by Prof. Xinbin Ma and co‐workers from Tianjin University (P.R. China). The image shows a volcanic curve with increasing particle size of K and S promoted Fe5C2 catalysts for direct conversion of syngas to lower olefins. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201700792.
Efficient Conversion of Bio‐Lactic Acid to 2,3‐Pentanedione on Cesium‐Doped Hydroxyapatite Catalysts with Balanced Acid–Base Sites
Authors: Li Xinli , Sun Liangwei , Zou Weixin , Cao Ping , Chen Zhi , Tang Congming , Dong Lin
Published: August 2017

We report the design and synthesis of cesium‐doped hydroxyapatite for direct and high‐yield conversion of biobased lactic acid to 2,3‐pentanedione (72.3 %). Cs species derived from CsNO3 at high temperature of calcination is introduced into the hydroxyapatite structure to regulate its acid–base properties. It is found that a balance of acid–base chemistry favors the condensation of lactic acid to 2,3‐pentanedione. As a result, the undesired reactions such as lactic acid dehydration, decarbonylation, and coking are suppressed. Instead, a concerted catalysis between surface basic site and acidic site for lactic acid condensation to 2,3‐pentanedione dominates on the cesium‐doped hydroxyapatite catalyst, leading to a highly selective process for direct conversion of bio‐lactic acid to 2,3‐pentanedione.
Calculation of topological indices from molecular structures and applications
Authors: Zhang Qingyou , Xiao Kaixia , Chen Mengyao , Xu Lu
Published: August 2017

This mini review presents a brief description of the research efforts for new topological indices of organic molecular structures undertaken in the authors' laboratory at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. They were used for the processing of chemical information, as highly selective topological indices for uniqueness determination, as highly selective atomic chiral indices for chiral center recognition, in the exhaustive generation of isomers, in a stereo code for the exhaustive generation of stereoisomers, in the prediction of C‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and in studies on rare earth extractions. The topological indicesAmi, 3D descriptors, and chiral descriptors are described, as well as their applications in quantitative structure activity/property relationship studies.
Independent component analysis based on data‐driven reconstruction of multi‐fault diagnosis
Authors: Feng Lin , Zhang Yingwei , Li Xuguang , Fu Yuanjian
Published: August 2017

Independent component analysis based on data‐driven reconstruction has been widely used in online fault diagnosis for industrial processes. As an alternative to conventional contribution plots, the reconstruction‐based fault diagnosis method has been drawing special attention. The method detects fault information with a specific reconstruction model based on historical fault data. In this paper, a novel method was proposed that focuses on handling multiple fault cases in abnormal processes. First, reconstruction‐based fault subspaces were extracted based on monitoring statistics in 2 different monitoring subspaces to enclose the major fault effects. Independent component analysis was then used to recover the main fault features from the selected fault subspaces, which represent the joint effects from multiple faults for online diagnosis. The simulation results showed the feasibility and performance of the proposed method with simulated multi‐fault cases in the Tennessee Eastman (TE) benchmark process.
Highly Microporous Nitrogen‐doped Carbon Synthesized from Azine‐linked Covalent Organic Framework and its Supercapacitor Function
Authors: Kim Gayoung , Yang Jun , Nakashima Naotoshi , Shiraki Tomohiro
Published: August 2017

Porous carbons with nitrogen‐doped (N‐doped) structures are promising materials for advanced energy conversion and storage applications, including supercapacitors and fuel cell catalysts. In this study, microporous N‐doped carbon was successfully fabricated through carbonization of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with an azine‐linked two‐dimensional molecular network (ACOF1). In the carbonized ACOF1, micropores with diameters smaller than 1 nm are selectively formed, and a high specific surface area (1596 cm2 g−1) is achieved. In addition, the highly porous structure with N‐doped sites results in enhancement of the electrochemical capacitance. Detailed investigation for the micropore‐forming process reveals that the formation of nitrogen gas during the thermal degradation of the azine bond contributes to the microporous structure formation. Therefore, the present direct carbonization approach using COFs allows the fabrication of microporous heteroatom‐doped carbons, based on molecularly designed COFs, toward future electrochemical and energy applications.
Polyaspartates as Thermoresponsive Enantiodifferentiating Helically Chiral Alignment Media for Anisotropic NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Schwab Mira , Herold Dominik , Thiele Christina M.
Published: August 2017

Lyotropic liquid crystalline phases of poly‐β‐phenethylaspartates are presented as new helically chiral enantiodifferentiating alignment media with thermoresponsive properties. In addition to displaying the highest enantiodifferentiation observed for homopolypeptides, the alignment media undergo a temperature induced helix reversal without perturbing the nematic phase. This offers the opportunity to measure residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) in high and low temperature helix conformation (P‐ and M‐helix) in one polymer. Thus different mean orientations of a chiral analyte can be determined within the same sample. Furthermore, we investigated whether the resulting media are diastereomeric and whether we are able to obtain information about the alignment process.
Visible‐Light‐Induced, Catalyst‐Free Radical Arylations of Arenes and Heteroarenes with Aryldiazonium Salts
Authors: Fürst Michael C. D. , Gans Eva , Böck Michael J. , Heinrich Markus R.
Published: August 2017

In the absence of a photocatalyst and other additives, the radical arylation of diverse arenes and heteroarenes has been achieved with aryldiazonium salts under visible‐light irradiation from a blue light‐emitting diode (LED). Although the course of some reactions can be rationalized by the formation of strongly light‐absorbing charge‐transfer (CT) complexes between the diazonium ion and the aromatic substrate, several further examples indicated that the simple presence of an aromatic substrate, showing only weak interactions to the diazonium ion, is fully sufficient to enable product formation.
Core‐needle biopsy of breast cancer is associated with a higher rate of distant metastases 5 to 15 years after diagnosis than FNA biopsy
Authors: Sennerstam Roland B. , Franzén Bo S. H. , Wiksell Hans O. T. , Auer Gert U.
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND

The literature offers discordant results regarding whether diagnostic biopsy is associated with the dissemination of cancer cells, resulting in local and/or distant metastasis. The long‐term outcomes of patients with breast cancer were compared between those who were diagnosed using either fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) or core‐needle biopsy (CNB) during 2 decades: the 1970s and 1990s.

METHODS

In the 1970s, the only diagnostic needle biopsy method used for breast cancer in Sweden was FNAB. CNB was introduced 1989 and became established in Stockholm Gotland County in the early 1990s. The authors compared the clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed using FNAB from 1971 to 1976 (n = 354) versus those of patients diagnosed using CNB from 1991 to 1995 (n = 1729). Adjusting for differences in various treatment modalities, mammography screening, tumor size, DNA ploidy, and patient age between the 2 decades, 2 strictly matched samples representing FNAB (n = 181) and CNB (n = 203) were selected for a 15‐year follow‐up study.

RESULTS

In a comparison of the rates of distant metastasis in the strictly matched patient groups from the FNAB and CNB cohorts, significantly higher rates of late‐appearing (5‐15 years after diagnosis) distant metastasis were observed among the patients who were diagnosed on CNB compared with those who were diagnosed on FNAB. No significant difference in local metastasis was observed between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS

At 5 to 15 years after diagnosis of the primary tumor, CNB‐diagnosed patients had significantly higher rates of distant metastases than FNAB‐diagnosed patients. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:748‐56. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Wireless sensor network for smart power metering
Authors: Ševčík Peter , Žák Samuel , Hodoň Michal
Published: August 2017

In this paper, the problematic of power metering is targeted. Places with shared power sources, where electricity usage is calculated equally according to the number of users, are often misused by single users for illegitimate power usage. Special wireless sensor network was developed and implemented in a scenario of multi‐store parking garage to solve this problem. This paper is an extended version of the paper published in the iNetSApp'15 section of the FedCSIS 2015 IEEE international conference. This paper is supplemented with measured waveforms of mains magnitudes for concrete electrical appliances (bulb, refrigerator, and electric motor). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social cognition and metacognition in social anxiety: A systematic review
Authors: Gkika Styliani , Wittkowski Anja , Wells Adrian
Published: August 2017

Cognitive–behavioural and metacognitive approaches to emotional disorder implicate beliefs in social anxiety, but the types of beliefs differ across these perspectives. Cognitive models suggest that social beliefs about the self (i.e., high standards and conditional and unconditional beliefs) are central. In contrast, the metacognitive model gives centre stage to metacognitive beliefs (i.e., positive and negative beliefs about thinking) as main contributors to the maintenance of the disorder. Despite an expanding research interest in this area, the evidence for such contributions has not yet been reviewed. This study set out to systematically review relevant cross‐sectional, longitudinal, and experimental investigations of the direct and indirect (through cognitive processes, such as anticipatory processing, self‐focused attention, the post‐mortem, and avoidance) relationships of social and metacognitive beliefs with social anxiety. Clinical and nonclinical samples were included, and correlation and regression coefficients as well as results from group comparisons (e.g., t tests and analyses of variance) were extracted. Overall, 23 papers were located, through PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science, and reviewed using narrative synthesis. The results showed a robust positive relationship between social beliefs and social anxiety that appeared to be mediated by cognitive processes. Specific metacognitive beliefs were found to positively contribute to social anxiety both directly and indirectly, through cognitive processes. The study's findings are limited to 2 models of social anxiety and other minor limitations (e.g., grey literature was excluded). With these accounted for, the results are discussed in terms of the conceptualization and treatment of social anxiety and suggestions for future research are made.
Performance evaluation of enhanced error correction algorithms for efficient wireless 3D video communication systems
Authors: El‐Shafai W. , El‐Rabaie S. , El‐Halawany M.M. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E.
Published: August 2017

In the Three‐Dimensional Multi‐View Video (3D MVV) coding prediction structure, the coded bit‐streams may be dropped down due to error transmissions. So, it is compulsory to recover the corrupted Macro‐Blocks (MBs) at the decoder utilizing efficient Error Concealment (EC) post‐processing techniques. The EC methods exploit the temporal, inter‐view, and spatial matching among 3D MVV views and frames without any alterations in the encoder software or hardware or in the transmission rate. They retrieve the Disparity Vectors (DVs) and Motion Vectors (MVs) of the erroneous MBs. To enhance the received 3D MVV quality, we suggest several optimized schemes to reconstruct the lost and erroneous MBs of inter‐encoded and intra‐encoded frames. A hybrid method combining the Circular Scan Order Interpolation Algorithm (CSOIA) and Partitioning Motion Compensation Algorithm (PMCA) is proposed for intra‐frame EC. For inter‐corrupted MBs, a hybrid method comprising Directional Textural Motion Coherence Algorithm (DTMCA) and Directional Interpolation Error Concealment Algorithm (DIECA) is suggested. Experimental outcomes on several 3D MVV frames demonstrate that the suggested EC algorithms have more robustness to both heavily random and slice losses. They objectively and subjectively work better than the state‐of‐the‐art EC techniques. The proposed work achieves high 3D MVV quality with an improved average Peak Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (PSNR) gain up to 2.45 to 4.55 dB compared with traditional EC algorithms at Packet Loss Rates (PLRs) of 40%.
Performance analysis of a variable‐gain amplify‐and‐forward relayed mixed RF‐FSO system
Authors: Khanna Himanshu , Aggarwal Mona , Ahuja Swaran
Published: August 2017

In this work, an amplify‐and‐forward variable‐gain relayed mixed RF‐FSO system is studied. The considered dual‐hop system consists of a radio frequency (RF) link followed by a free space optical (FSO) channel. The RF link is affected by short‐term multipath fading and long‐term shadowing effects and is assumed to follow the generalized‐K fading distribution that approximates accurately several important distributions often used to model communication channels. The FSO channel experiences fading caused by atmospheric turbulence that is modeled by the gamma‐gamma distribution characterizing moderate and strong turbulence conditions. The FSO channel also suffers path loss and pointing error induced misalignment fading. The performance of the considered system is analyzed under the collective influence of distribution shaping parameters, pointing errors that result in misalignment fading, atmospheric turbulence, and path loss. The moment‐generating function of the Signal power to noise power ratio measured end‐to‐end for this system is derived. The cumulative distribution function for the Signal power to noise power ratio present between the source and destination receiver is also evaluated. Further, we investigate the error and outage performance and the average channel capacity for this system. The analytical expressions in closed form for the outage probability, symbol and bit error rate considering different modulation schemes and channel capacity are also derived. The mathematical expressions obtained are also demonstrated by numerical plots.
Development of a tool for the structural design of the vertical load‐bearing capacity of unreinforced masonry
Authors: Suda Raphael , Schranz Christian , Jäger Andreas
Published: August 2017

Before the introduction of EC 6, simple codes permitted masonry to be designed manually. The simplified procedure according to EN 1996‐3 still allows manual design, but its application is restricted. Therefore, a more laborious design according to EN 1996‐1‐1 is often required.

This article presents a newly developed software tool, which facilitates the structural design of the vertical load‐bearing capacity of unreinforced masonry according to EN 1996‐1‐1. The tool is intuitive to use and has been developed based on experience from working in the field. The tool assists the planner in making decisions during the masonry design process. This article describes and explains the implemented, theoretical assumptions as well as the software tool NRd‐Pro‐Tool itself. This software tool facilitates simple, clear und transparent structural design of the vertical load bearing capacity of unreinforced masonry.
Numerical investigation of lateral earth pressure for unreinforced masonry walls
Authors: Dengler Kersten , Förster Valentin
Published: August 2017

For the design of unreinforced masonry walls under lateral earth pressure according to DIN EN 1996‐3 [1], the active earth pressure is used, which is less than the earth pressure at rest. For the consideration of active earth pressure, a sufficient deflection of the wall is needed. It is unknown whether the deflections in reality are large enough to justify a reduction of the active earth pressure. Therefore a numerical model has been developed which considers the load‐bearing behaviour of masonry walls, with several boundary conditions being considered to estimate the effective earth pressure.
Consider key questions about the role of intellectual property on your campus
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: August 2017

ORLANDO, Fla. — You might think copyrights and trademarks concern mainly those in corporate America. But higher ed administrators should also pay attention to such issues because intellectual property can significantly impact the individuals and departments on your campus, as well as your institution as a whole.
Adopt multipronged strategy to build enrollment in spite of challenges
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: August 2017

NEW ORLEANS — Growing enrollment is one of the biggest challenges many institutions face. For Mott Community College in Flint, Michigan, officials have adopted multiple strategies to recruit and retain students. Besides a significant population loss in the city, a high crime rate made attracting students difficult. And the city's water crisis made problems even worse.
A fine‐scale U.S. population estimate of a montane spruce–fir bird species of conservation concern
Authors: Hill Jason M. , Lloyd John D.
Published: August 2017

Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) is one of the most range‐restricted bird species in North America. In the United States (U.S.), it occurs only in the disturbed montane forests of fir (Abies balsamea) and spruce (Picea spp.) in the northeastern states of New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. Climate change is expected to substantially diminish this vegetation community (>50% extinction from current range) by 2300. Despite the increasingly tenuous conservation status of the species, fundamental demographic parameters remain unknown and overall population size is uncertain. We used N‐mixture models in a hierarchical Bayesian framework to predict population size and to elucidate spatial and temporal patterns of Bicknell's Thrush abundance in the northeastern United States. From 2011 to 2016, as part of Mountain Birdwatch, citizen‐scientists conducted 14,552 five‐minute point counts at 747 sampling locations along hiking trails. Observers detected Bicknell's Thrush at 49.4% of points and tallied 1079 observations of the species. Bicknell's Thrush abundance was parsimoniously modeled as a complex function of elevation, forest canopy cover, and latitude. Using our model results, and the estimated U.S. range of the Bicknell's Thrush, we produced the first fine‐scale (<1.0 ha resolution) abundance estimate and map of Bicknell's Thrush density across their U.S. range. We predicted the U.S. Bicknell's Thrush population in 2016 as 71,318 (95% credible interval: 56,080–89,748), and 95% of that population occurred above 805 m. Combining our results with existing estimates of population size in Canada suggests a global population size of <120,000; Bicknell's Thrush likely have one of the smallest population sizes of regularly occurring bird species within the contiguous United States and Canada. By cross‐referencing the U.S. Geological Survey Protected Areas Database, we estimated that 76.6% of Bicknell's Thrush habitat occurred on conserved lands across the United States and that this habitat supported 84.6% of the predicted population. The White Mountain National Forest (New Hampshire and Maine) is the largest conservator of Bicknell's Thrush habitat in the United States and supports ~31% of the predicted U.S. population. Our model provides a testable framework for assessing the success of future conservation and management actions on Bicknell's Thrush populations throughout their U.S. range.
An Induction‐Motor Control Method for Minimization of Capacitor‐Voltage Fluctuations in a Modular Multilevel DSCC Inverter: Its Applications to a Quadratic‐Torque Load
Authors: OKAZAKI YUHEI , MATSUI HITOSHI , MUHORO M. MOSES , HAGIWARA MAKOTO , AKAGI HIROFUMI
Published: August 2017

This paper aims at minimizing capacitor‐voltage fluctuations inherent in a modular multilevel cascade inverter based on double‐star chopper cell (DSCC) or a modular multilevel DSCC inverter. The inverter can drive an induction motor loaded with a quadratic‐torque load. Both theoretical analysis and numerical calculation reveal that the voltage fluctuations can be minimized when the ratio of a magnetizing‐current component with respect to a torque‐current component in the motor current is set to unity, regardless of the motor mechanical speed. A three‐phase DSCC inverter is designed and constructed to drive a 380‐V, 15‐kW, 50‐Hz, four‐pole, induction motor loaded with a quadratic torque that is proportional to a square of the motor mechanical speed. Experimental results confirm the validity of the theoretical and numerical calculations.
Discretization Error Compensation Method in High‐Speed Motor Drive System by using Direct Torque Control
Authors: MATSUYAMA TETSUYA , TOMIGASHI YOSHIO , YOSHIMOTO JUNKI , INOUE YUKINORI , MORIMOTO SHIGEO
Published: August 2017

In this paper, a discretization error compensation method in a motor drive system by using direct torque control (DTC) is proposed. Similar to a conventional current control system, DTC allows an efficient drive and a wide range drive. Furthermore, it has the advantage that its control system can be simple and theoretically it can realize sensorless position control. Therefore, a reference flux vector calculator (RFVC) DTC is studied as a system for the ultra‐high‐speed drive control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). In high‐speed drive, we revealed that a discretization error in the DTC generates an error in the instruction magnetic flux and stator magnetic flux. In addition, we revealed that current detection timing generates an error in the estimated torque and real torque. Then, we propose a compensation method to cancel the flux and torque error focusing on the phase of the stator magnetic flux and experimentally verifying its effectiveness.
Study on Acceleration Factor at 5000 h Multiple Stress Test and Aging Evaluation of EVA Insulator
Authors: KURIHARA SATOSHI , FURUKAWA SEIJI , TAKANO KOJI , HASHIMOTO YOSUKE , HIKITA MASAYUKI
Published: August 2017

The authors carried out an outdoor exposure test and the 5000 h multiple stress test to ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer composite insulator used for 22 kV distribution line and an attempt was made to estimate the acceleration factor of the 5000‐h multiple stress test corresponding to the climate condition of the Kyushu area. By comparing dry band arc cumulative charge of leakage current at 5000‐h multiple stress test with that in the outdoor exposure test, the authors estimated the acceleration factor of the 5000‐h multiple stress test to be about 20 times. The acceleration factor was found to almost agree with the evaluation result of the absorption of hydroxyl group by FT‐IR analysis and the surface roughness of the insulator, respectively. Finally, for the electrical property, the expected life of EVA insulator that the authors developed was confirmed to be more than 40 years.
Merit aid: Has it reached its tipping point?
Authors: Wymbs Clifford
Published: August 2017

Enrollment managers are charged with achieving the trinity of university goals: improving student quality, enhancing class diversity, and increasing net revenues for each incoming class in the context of their school's mission.
Adopt 5 strategies for supporting displaced, refugee students
Authors: Pavlik Amelia
Published: August 2017

You've fled from your home country because of political turmoil, leaving most of your personal possessions and money behind. All you want is to get an education and start a new life in the United States. But, unfortunately, the road to that education is often filled with many obstacles.
Biodiesel conversion modeling under several conditions using computational intelligence methods
Authors: Mohadesi Majid , Rezaei Abbas
Published: August 2017

The computational intelligence (CI) methods such as artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) have many applications in chemistry, oil and gas, electronics, financial, telecommunications, and many others. In this article, ANN and ANFIS are used to model and predict the biodiesel conversion under several conditions. The inputs of the proposed CI models are oil type, catalyst type, calcination temperature, catalyst concentration, methanol‐to‐oil ratio, n‐hexane‐to‐oil volume ratio, reaction time, and reaction temperature and the output is biodiesel conversion. Experimental data of available literature are used to train and test the CI models in MATLAB 7.0.4 software. Comparison between the proposed ANN and ANFIS models and the experimental data show that the proposed CI models are very efficient and fast tools, and there is a good agreement between them and the experimental data with a minimum error. Also, it can be found that the introduced ANN model is more accurate than the ANFIS model. The proposed ANN model has overall MRE% (mean relative error percentage) <1.5%, RMSE (root mean square error) <1.34, R (correlation coefficient) >0.9995, and MAE (mean absolute error) <0.9. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 562–568, 2018
Functional outcomes and quality of life after total laryngectomy with noncircumferential radial forearm free tissue transfer
Authors: Graville Donna J. , Palmer Andrew D. , Chambers Christine M. , Ottenstein Lauren , Whalen Breanne , Andersen Peter E. , Wax Mark K. , Cohen James I.
Published: August 2017

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare long‐term functional and quality of life (QOL) outcomes after total laryngectomy with primary closure and those who underwent reconstruction with noncircumferential radial free forearm tissue transfer (RFFTT).

Methods

Sixty‐seven patients were identified by chart review and underwent long‐term follow‐up using QOL surveys and standardized interviews.

Results

The RFFTT group had significantly higher rates of chemotherapy, gastric tube (G‐tube) at surgery, and postoperative stricture. At follow‐up, most patients (88%) had a tracheoesophageal prosthesis (TEP) and were using it as their primary communication method. Diet and swallowing outcomes were comparable and no one had a G‐tube. Device life and TEP complications did not differ significantly. Only voice‐related QOL differed significantly between the RFFTT group and those who had undergone total laryngectomy without adjuvant treatment.

Conclusion

Despite more extensive treatment, the reconstructed group achieved comparable outcomes to those who had undergone total laryngectomy with adjuvant treatment.
Enhancing surface properties of breast implants by using electrospun silk fibroin
Authors: Valencia–Lazcano A. A. , Román–Doval R. , De La Cruz–Burelo E. , Millán–Casarrubias E. J. , Rodríguez–Ortega A.
Published: August 2017

In the present study, a new electrospun silk fibroin coating of silicone breast implants with improved biocompatibility and mechanical properties was obtained. Fibrous scaffolds were produced by electrospinning a solution containing silk fibroin, derived from Bombyx mori cocoons, and polyethylene oxide (PEO) to be used as a coating of breast implants. A randomly oriented structure of fibroin/PEO was electrospun on implants as assessed by SEM analysis, roughness measurements and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. The scaffold showed 0.25 µm diameter fibres, 0.76 µm size superficial pores, arithmetic roughness of 0.632 ± 0.12 µm and texture aspect ratio of 0.893 ± 0.04. ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy demonstrates the presence of PEO and fibroin in the coating. The mechanical characterisation of the implants before and after being coated with fibroin/PEO demonstrated that the fibroin/PEO scaffold contributes to the increase in the elastic modulus from 0.392 ± 0.02 to 0.560 ± 0.03 MPa and to a more elastic behaviour of the breast implants. Using the fibroin/PEO coating, human fibroblasts seeded on this matrix increased viability up to 30% compared to conventional breast implants. Electrospun silk fibroin could represent a clinically compatible, viable form to coat breast implants. Low cytotoxicity by the fibroin coating and its physico‐chemical and mechanical properties may find application in improving breast implants biocompatibility. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1655–1661, 2018.
Anoikis resistance and oncoviruses
Authors: Kakavandi Ehsan , Shahbahrami Ramin , Goudarzi Hossein , Eslami Gita , Faghihloo Ebrahim
Published: August 2017

Anoikis is known as a special type of programmed cell death which occurs in response to loss of correct cell‐extracellular matrix (ECM) connections. This process could be as pivotal event in normal development and tissue homeostasis and found as important mechanism in cancer invasiveness and metastasis. The persistent infection with oncoviruses including EBV (Epstein Bar virus), HPV (Human Papillomaviruses), HBV (Hepatitis B virus), KSHV (Human herpesvirus 8), HTLV‐1 (Human T‐lymphotropic virus‐1), and HCV (Hepatitis C virus) accounted as one of main risk factor for cancer progression. Some of them play critical roles in metastasis, especially in anoikis resistance which could contribute to metastasis of tumor cells. The better understanding of effects of oncoviruses on anoikis could contribute to finding of effective therapeutic platforms for treatment of virus‐associated cancers. This paper highlighted effects of these oncoviruses on anoikis protection in cancer.
Large mammal species richness and late Quaternary precipitation change in south‐western Australia
Authors: Faith J. Tyler , Dortch Joe , Jones Chelsea , Shulmeister James , Travouillon Kenny J.
Published: August 2017

The precipitation history of south‐west Australia since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) has important implications for understanding southern hemisphere climate dynamics. Previously reported environmental records indicating more open vegetation during the LGM have been interpreted in terms of aridity, but such changes can be explained by alternative mechanisms. To provide new evidence concerning the region's Quaternary precipitation history, we examine temporal changes in large mammal richness at four south‐west Australian fossil sites: Devil's Lair, Tunnel Cave, Witchcliffe Rock Shelter and Rainbow Cave. Large mammal richness is correlated strongly with mean annual precipitation across 53 modern Australian communities. Extending this relationship to the fossil record, a steady increase in richness from the LGM to the onset of the Holocene at both Devil's Lair and Tunnel Cave is consistent with increased precipitation through time. This supports previous interpretations of a more arid LGM and implies regional heterogeneity in the position of the southern hemisphere westerlies. A reduction in richness during the last ∼1000 years is unlikely to be the result of precipitation change and may be related to more frequent burning of the landscape by hunter‐gatherers in an effort to increase availability of large prey.
Persistence of wetlands on North Stradbroke Island (south‐east Queensland, Australia) during the last glacial cycle: implications for Quaternary science and biogeography
Authors: Tibby J. , Barr C. , Marshall J. C. , M c Gregor G. B. , Moss P. T. , Arnold L. J. , Page T. J. , Questiaux D. , Olley J. , Kemp J. , Spooner N. , Petherick L. , Penny D. , Mooney S. , Moss E.
Published: August 2017

Few Australian wetlands have persisted since the Last Glacial Maximum, with fewer still in existence through the entire last glacial cycle. The absence of wetlands, which itself indicates periods of moisture deficit, means there are few continuous climate and environmental change records covering this critical period. The lack of wetland persistence also raises the question of how plant and animal species that require permanent wetlands survived the last glacial cycle. Sixteen wetlands have been cored and dated on North Stradbroke Island (Minjerribah) – a large east Australian sand island – with basal dates reported from 10 sites for the first time. These wetlands range in age to over 200 000 years old, with six dating to the Last Glacial Maximum or earlier. There is no evidence of a stratigraphic discontinuity in the radiocarbon‐based age–depth profiles, suggesting continuous deposition of highly organic sediment through the period covered by these ages (c. 40 ka). The persistence of these wetlands suggests that for much of the last 40 000 years, and for perhaps much longer, the regional moisture balance has been positive. Over the last glacial cycle, persistently wet conditions may have provided a refuge from regional drying, and thus contributed to the high genetic diversity of rainforest plants in the region. Vegetation and climate records from these sites will allow hypothesis testing about the drivers of both local and regional climate variability. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Painting and heating: A nonconventional, scalable route to sensitive biomolecular analysis with plasmon‐enhanced spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Zufang , Siddhanta Soumik , Zhang Chi , Kickler Thomas , Zheng Gang , Barman Ishan
Published: August 2017

We present a solution‐processed method of silver nanostructured layer formation over a cellulose membrane to develop a low‐cost, paper‐based surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) molecular detection platform. Our synthesis method enables the formation of distinct spatial regions with controllable wettabilities for optimum analyte flow through the paper analytical device. The ink‐based coating technique ensures uniform absorption for strong and reproducible plasmonic enhancement for SERS measurements. Furthermore, the silver coating‐induced hydrophobicity leads to self‐regulation of analyte distribution over the detection area leading to uniform enhancement with reduced fluorescence interference. Through systematic measurements, we determine the optimal concentration of the silver ink precursor for plasmonic activity, which influences the electric field enhancement for the Raman spectra as well as the substrate hydrophobicity. Our findings of plasmonic activity are validated through finite‐difference time‐domain simulations that also illustrate the underexplored advantage of a cellulose membrane base in achieving hotspots in the vicinity of the plasmonic nanostructures. Using this substrate, we report label‐free SERS detection of nanomolar concentrations of P‐selectin, a key clinical marker of heparin‐induced thrombocytopaenia. The facile fabrication process combined with the control over analyte flow patterns offer significant advantages for development of paper‐based SERS analytical devices, especially for use in resource‐limited settings.