bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Seminal Plasma EMMPRIN Levels with Sperm Quality and the Efficacy of Activation Techniques
Authors: Othman Omaima Akram , Al-Essawe Essraa Mohsen , Jawad Mufeda Ali
Published: October 2024

Background: Infertility is a major global health challenge, impacting 15% to 20% of couples globally. Male infertility, which is typically associated with issues such as low sperm motility, has increased during the last two decades. Male fertility relies heavily on the development of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), a glycosylated transmembrane protein involved in sperm function and embryo implantation. Understanding how sperm preparation techniques affect sperm quality and EMMPRIN expression is crucial for achieving optimal results in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Objective: To investigate EMMPRIN expression in human sperm and compare the impact of two in vitro sperm preparation procedures, “direct swim-up (DSU) and pellet swim-up (PSU), on various sperm characteristics. To determine the optimum technique for improving sperm quality in ART. Materials and Methods: Masturbation was employed to collect sperm samples from 44 participants (aged 21 to 45). Following liquefaction, samples were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically in accordance with WHO 2021 guidelines. The samples were separated into three aliquots for ELISA assessment of EMMPRIN levels and sperm processing with DSU and PSU techniques. Sperm chromatin immaturity (SCI) was assessed using Aniline Blue staining. Statistical investigations were carried out to determine the correlations between EMMPRIN levels, semen parameters, and the impacts of the two in vitro sperm preparation techniques. Results:  Sperm concentration significantly decreased from control (40.25 ± 2.30) to DSU (15.51 ± 1.74) and PSU (9.99 ± 1.16) conditions. However, motility, morphology, and SCI significantly improved, particularly with PSU, which showed a greater reduction in SCI % compared to DSU, indicating its effectiveness in selecting higher-quality sperm. There were no significant associations detected between EMMPRIN levels with semen metrics, although PSU exhibited a slightly higher association with improved sperm parameters. Conclusion:  Seminal plasma EMMPRIN levels do not appear to directly influence semen parameters or sperm chromatin maturity. However, the choice of sperm activation technique, particularly PSU, significantly impacts sperm quality.  More research is needed to better understand the importance of EMMPRIN in ART outcomes and its potential as a sperm quality indicator.
Enhanced Gene Expression of Toll-Like Receptors 3, 7, and 9 in Thalassemia Patients: Implications for Inflammation and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Kadhim Aytham Khazaal , Ghaima Kais Kassim
Published: October 2024

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder marked by reduced hemoglobin synthesis, which leads to chronic anemia and systemic complications, among them immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation. The current study aims at investigating the gene expression of TLR3, 7, and 9 in thalassemia patients and their relation to the inflammatory markers. Because we used a larger, diverse sample population and a longitudinal study design, we were able to reveal significant upregulation of TLR3 and TLR9 in thalassemia patients compared to healthy controls strongly correlated with the high levels of various proinflammatory cytokines. We have further demonstrated that different genetic polymorphisms in the promoter regions of TLR3 and TLR9 alters the binding of transcription factors and thus can be possible causes of the dysregulation of these genes. Our results implicate that TLR3 and TLR9 themselves play a very important role in the inflammatory response in thalassemia and are therefore potential therapeutic targets for mitigating inflammation to improve outcomes in these patients.
Potential Link Between COVID-19 Vaccination and Multiple Sclerosis in Children With Cases Study from Puebla, Mexico: The Bases
Authors: Amy J. Mengual K  , Malpica H. Benjamin , Cabrera I. Carlos E.
Published: October 2024

This study explores the potential link between COVID-19 vaccination and the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) in children aged 9 to 12 years in Puebla, Mexico. Among 40 children observed—23 girls and 17 boys—MS symptoms emerged predominantly within 3 to 6 months post-vaccination. The findings reveal a temporal association between vaccination and MS onset, with girls showing a higher prevalence and more severe progression. The study underscores the need for further research into the immunological mechanisms that may connect vaccination with autoimmune responses, particularly in pediatric populations predisposed to such conditions. These results highlight the importance of careful monitoring and tailored vaccination strategies to mitigate risks in vulnerable groups.
Preparation Protein Hydrolysate From Moringa Oleifera and Its Use as Fortified Vegetarian Food
Authors: Abbas Ayat Adnan
Published: October 2024

The moringa oleifera tree is known as a "miracle tree" because of its abundance in certain macro and micronutrients that are crucial to human nutrition. Depending on the cultivar and origin, the chemical makeup of the various Moringa tree sections might change. There are several uses for M. oleifera leaves, seeds, and flowers in food. Protein isolate from seed flour and protease extraction from leaves were prepared for this investigation. The protein was then partially purified using ammonium sulphate with saturated 75% and dialyzed, after which the specific activity (22.161, 65.422, and 115.064 U/mg) was recorded. Protease was used to create the protein hydrolysate through enzymatic hydrolysis, and the DPPH technique was used to calculate the antioxidant activity. Amino acid analysis and FTIR were determined. Lastly, moringa protein hydrolysate was introduced to the product, such as putties, in place of the moringa instead of  the meat.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Stigmasterol from Iraqi Calendula officinalis
Authors: Ali Zainab Aziz , Alani Widad MK , Hasan Hiba Ali
Published: October 2024

Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) plant origin from Mediterranean countries, and in addition to the beauty of its flowers they also have important medicinal properties in the healing of many illnesses particularly skin issues. C. officinalis in the world was reported and assessed as a medicinal plant, like British pharmacopoeia (BP), European pharmacopoeia (EU), WHO and PDR. Calendula officinalis Linn. Contains 0.4% of flavonoids as minimum, calculated as Hyperoside of dried herbal substance according to British pharmacopeia (2). The Chemical Constituents are: Triterpene saponins, Triterpene (Stigmasterol), Flavonoids: isorhamnetin glycosides and quercetin glycosides, Coumarins: umbelliferon, scopoletin and aesculetin, Carotenoids: mainly zeaxanthin and Lutein (5). Stigmasterol is an essential ingredient that has been isolated from plants.  Stigmasterol considered a progesterone precursor and serves as an intermediate in corticoids, androgens estrogens biosynthesis (10) and vitamin D3 synthesis (3). Stigmasterol is a triterpenes C30-derive phytosterol, naturally happening C28 and C29 carbon steroid alcohols that is similar to cholesterol in structure as well as biological activity (4).in this study Stigmasterol was identified by TLC, Mass analysis. Structure elucidation was performed using, FTIR and Mass analysis. The quantity of Stigmasterol was measured in the Iraqi plant.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Dentists in Maharashtra Regarding Sharing Patients’ Data on Social Media: A Questionnaire-Based Study
Authors: Joshia Dr. Nilesh V , Joshi Dr. Mridula , Shetty Dr. Anupa , Jawdekar Dr. Ashwin , Vaz Dr. Mirella , Sachdev Dr. Sanpreet Singh
Published: October 2024

Background: Social media has become an integral part of dental practice, offering opportunities for professional interaction and patient engagement. However, it raises significant ethical concerns, particularly regarding patient confidentiality. Objective: To gauge the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental professionals in Maharashtra regarding the sharing of patient data on Social media, and to assess the ethical considerations associated with this practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental professionals in Maharashtra from October to December 2023. Participants were recruited from six dental institutions and various private clinics. A self-structured questionnaire was validated and distributed via Google Forms. Data were analyzed using MedCalc Statistical Software, with demographic characteristics and response frequencies summarized in tables and graphs. Results: Of the 312 participants, 265 completed the survey (response rate: 84.94%). WhatsApp (88.3%) was the most preferred platform, followed by Facebook (54.34%) and Instagram (54.34%). The majority rarely shared patient data on SM. Marketing (63.4%), showcasing treatment results (46.79%), and educating colleagues (46.79%) were primary motivations. While 56.98% agreed that sharing patient data infringes privacy, only 46.04% consistently obtained patient consent. A significant portion (92%) supported establishing guidelines for social media usage. Conclusion: Dental professionals in Maharashtra frequently use SM for professional purposes, with WhatsApp being the most popular platform. Despite recognizing privacy concerns, there is a lack of consistent patient consent practices. The findings highlight the need for clear guidelines to balance the benefits of social media with ethical obligations to patient confidentiality and professional conduct.
Association between Socio-Demographic Factors and Quality of Life for Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis in Baaquba City
Authors: Najim Akram Abd Alsalam , Faleh Asst.Prof.Dr. Ali Husain , Noaman Asst.Prof. Aqeel Abbas
Published: October 2024

Background: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint condition causing joint dysfunction, discomfort, and limited range of motion; it may be affected by poor quality of life.
Aim of the study: The study aims to investigate the association between socio-demographic factors and the quality of life for patients with knee osteoarthritis in Baquba City.
Methods: A cross-sectional study at Baquba Teaching Hospital in Iraq analyzed 374 adult patients with kneeosteoarthritis, 18 or older, both sexes, and verbal consent. The researchers used a self-structured questionnaire and Dhafar M. et al.'s socioeconomic scale to assess patients' socio-demographic characteristics. Data collection involved direct interviews, and statistical significance was determined using IBM SPSS-29 software.
Results: The study found that the majority of participants, particularly women, were married and lived in urban areas, with 53.2% having a family history of knee OA. A study shows that many patients with knee osteoarthritis have poor quality of life, with only 0.5% rating it as excellent. The study reveals significant differences in quality of life scores across age groups, with the 50-59 group reporting fair quality of life (40.0%) and the 60- 69 group (34.0%). The study found significant disparities in quality of life scores across different occupations, with housewives and retired individuals experiencing higher rates, while employees, married couples, and illiterate individuals reported fair quality of life.
Conclusion: The study reveals that knee osteoarthritis patients are mostly overweight or obese, with retired individuals and housewives being the largest risk group. They often lack literacy and experience a low quality of life.
Effect of Cooling Face on Recovery from edema for Patients after Rhinoplasty
Authors: Hamidi Maisam Saadoun , Kadhim Alaa Jawad
Published: October 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study is to ascertain how cold therapy affects patients' edema in the eyes following rhinoplasty.
 Methodology: The AL-Kindi Teaching Hospital and AL-Wasiti Teaching Hospital's surgical wards hosted a clinical experiment. A community sample of 53 patients was computed, and the patients were divided into two groups: the study group, which consisted of 26 patients, and the control group, which consisted of 27 patients., a A cold mask was used in the intervention group to achieve the study's objectives and evaluate validity and reliability. The investigator also used a dice cube to investigate randomness. The researcher reported on the data collection technique that was selected.
Results:  the results of data showed that the edema for right and left eyes in time one p= (0.941,0.763) And p-value the edema during time one, two and three (post two) in right eyes (0.941 ,0.001 and 0.001) as in left eyes p= (0.763,0.006 and 0.001) in time one. two and three.
Conclusions: the researchers conclude that cold therapy have a positive relationship in reducing edema.
Recommendations: The researchers recommended that the cold therapy experience be applied to all patients after rhinoplasty.
Exploring the Association Of Emotional Intelligence, Coping Strategies And Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese University Students
Authors: Zhou Xiaochang , Khan Aqeel , Yusof Ibnatul Jalilah
Published: October 2024

duction: With the expansion of university students in China and the increase in the number of students, students with suicidal ideation (SI) is also increasing. Emotional intelligence (EI) and coping strategies (CS) are two important factors influencing suicidal ideation among university students.
Objectives: This paper explores the levels of EI, CS, and SI among Chinese university students. This paper also explores the relationship between the factors and determines if and how CS can influence suicidal ideation.
Methods: A convenience sampling method was chosen to collect data through questionnaires from 300 students at a university in Hebei Province, China, resulting in 262 valid responses. The questionnaire included measures of EI, CS, and SI. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and mediation analysis using Hayes’ PROCESS macro with bootstrap methods were conducted
Results: 74 students (28.24%) reported experiencing SI, with 24 students (9.16%) exhibiting higher levels of such ideation. The mean score for CS was 86.23±21.75, while the mean score for EI was 4.19±1.30. EI was significantly correlated with both CS and SI. Additionally, EI has a negative correlation with SI and a positive correlation with CS. In contrast, CS had a negative relationship with SI. In addition, CS mediated the relationship between EI and SI.
Conclusions: CS are significant mediators of SI. For university students experiencing SI, adopting appropriate CS can help reduce these thoughts to some extent. Therefore, schools and society should consider these factors when planning interventions and providing mental health support to students. Further research could explore the effectiveness of specific CS in reducing suicidal ideation among different subgroups of students.
Frequency of Surgical Site Infection in Patients Operated on by The General Surgery Department in a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital, From September 1, 2014 To August 31, 2015
Authors: Rodrigo Tapia Borgo
Published: October 2024

This observational, descriptive, and ambispective study aims to determine the frequency of surgical site infections (SSIs) among patients treated in the general surgery department of the National Institute of Pediatrics between September 1, 2014, and August 31, 2015. Currently, surgical site infection (SSI) represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The objective of this study is to ascertain the percentage of patients who present with SSIs in accordance with the CDC specifications, thereby establishing a basis and reference for subsequent studies.
The Evaluation of the Genetic Polymorphisms of TERT (rs2736100) and MUC5B (rs35705950) in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrotic patients
Authors: Hasan Maisam Hilal , Al-Husseini Alaa Mohammad Hasson
Published: October 2024

Background: Polymorphisms of the TERT and MUC5B genes have been consistently associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in recent genome-wide genetic studies. In Iraq, we did not find research on the role of these polymorphisms in respiratory disorders, so we conducted this study to evaluate the genetic polymorphisms of TERT (rs2736100) and MUC5B (rs35705950) in IPF patients in Iraq. Method: The current study was a case-control study that included 70 patients who were diagnosed with IPF, in addition to, 70 healthy control groups who had no history or clinical evidence of IPF or asthma. blood samples from participants were obtained for DNA extraction, and T-ARMS-PCR was used to determine genetic polymorphisms of TERT (rs2736100) and MUC5B (rs35705950). Result: Current study showed that the mutant/minor homogenous genotype AA and allele A of  TERT (rs2736100) appeared at a higher rate in patients (47% and 87% respectively) compared to control (38.5% and 53% respectively), as this indicator appeared as an effective factor (EF = 0.139 and 0.242 respectively), while the wild/major homogenous genotype CC and allele C were appeared in control at a rate of 38.5% and 50% respectively and in patients at rate 23% and 50% respectively. The results of  MUC5B (rs35705950) G/T polymorphism showed that the mutant/minor TT genotype and T allele were associated with the occurrence of the disease (EF = 0.177 and 0.192 respectively) while the wild /major GG genotype and  G allele appeared as a protective factor (PF= 0.243 and 0.375 respectively) for the control group. Moreover, most of the smoking patients were carriers of the mutant homogenous genotypes of TERT (rs2736100) and MUC5B (rs35705950). Conclusion: TERT (rs2736100) and MUC5B (rs35705950) polymorphisms are significantly associated with IPF, especially among smokers patients.
The Role of Aflibercept (Eylea) Intravitreal Injection in Treatment of Resistant or CNV Complicated CSR (Central Serous Retinopathy)
Authors: Almudhafar Dr. Nawres Kadhim , Alsuraih Dr. Mustafa Abdulhasan , Altaha Dr. Hamid M. , Alsiraih Dr. Falah Abdulhassan , Alkanan Dr. Khalid Khalaf Ali
Published: October 2024

Purpose to evaluate the benefit and side effects of intravitreal Aflibercept (Eylea) injection in the treatment of cases that are resistant to previous treatment choices or complicated with  CNV due to central serous retinopathy [CSR]
Methods
It is retrospective study on 72 patients with diagnosed to have CSR and follow up for 12-18 months we can consider that there is complete resolution if subretinal fluid disappeare for 3 months from last intravitreal injection of Eylea
We planned this research to demonstrate the efficiency of aflibercept intravitreal injection in the treatment of cases that resistant to treatment or complicated with CNV secondary to CSR.
Comparative Immunohistochemistry Study Of Expression Of E- Cadherin In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia And Prostate Cancer
Authors: Khamees Taghreed Hatem , Al-Husseini Alaa Mohammad Hasson , Hussein Aws Rassol
Published: October 2024

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and Prostate Cancer (PC ) are the most common diseases in men, especially in older men than 50 years old, BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate as a result of the increased number of smooth muscle cells. Tumors can be benign (not cancerous), or malignant (cancerous), prostate cancer is the abnormal and random growth of cells in the prostate gland to the extent that it loses its shape and function. this study involved 120 samples of tissues taken from men suffering from benign and malignant tumours with ages ranging between (40- 85) years.
For detection of the expression of E-cadherin in BPH and PC using immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. The results obtained after microscopic examination showed that protein expression of  E-cadherin  was highly positive in BPH comparison with the expression of E-cadherin was weakly positive in low-grade cancer and negative in high-grade cancer (advanced prostate cancer).
Interculturality In The Elderly From The Perspective Of Madeline Leininger's Theory
Authors: Corzo Katherin Sildana Coronel , Carrillo Najia Mohamed Farah , Martínez Carmen Luisa David , Jaime Mónica Liliana Guevara
Published: October 2024

This bibliometric review analyzes the scientific production related to the variable Madeline Leininger's Theory registered in the Scopus database during the period 2018-2023. The main objective of the study was to identify and characterize the volume of publications, achieving a total of 28 documents. The information collected was organized by graphs, categorizing it by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. The results reveal that Brazil is the country with the highest number of publications, reaching a total of 17 scientific papers. The area of Nursing stood out as the most prolific in terms of bibliographic contribution, with 22 documents. Likewise, Journal Articles accounted for 82% of total publications. This analysis also includes a qualitative study on the positions of various authors in relation to the topics addressed, providing a comprehensive view of the current state of research in this field. Among the main conclusions, it is possible to determine that Leininger's theory and model enriches the work of professionals since it stimulates the nursing profession to provide care in accordance with the culture, taking into account all the aspects that influence the health of the human being as they are according to the model of the rising sun:  This model addresses factors such as education, economic, political, cultural, among others.
Isolating and Identification Of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infections From Hospital Patients And Nursing Staff
Authors: Hussain Noor Raisan , Tawfeeq Asal Aziz , Karomi Asma Sumiea
Published: October 2024

The current study aimed to isolate and identification the bacteria that cause urinary tract infections from recumbent patients and nursing staff, using traditional and molecular methods. 700 Clinical samples were collected from Azadi Teaching Hospital and Kirkuk Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk city for the period from October 2023 to March 2024 from (500) recumbent patients and 200 nursing staff. 347 (49.6%) of the total samples showed positive results for bacterial growth when cultured on ideal culture media, including mannitol, blood, and MacConkey agars. 353(50.4%) of total samples were appear as negative results for bacterial growth. The findings showed the distribution of bacterial isolates obtained from urine samples of recumbent patients and nursing staff at Azadi Teaching Hospital. Escherichia coli (44.6% and 41.67%) was the most prevalent bacterial species, followed by (13.08% and 13.89%) K. pneumoniae, (11.54% and 11.11%) P. aeruginosa. while, the distribution of bacterial isolates obtained from urine samples of recumbent patients and nursing staff at Kirkuk Teaching Hospital. Escherichia coli (46.9% and 51.85%) was the predominant bacterial species, followed by (16.6% and 14.81%) K. pneumoniae and (9% and 11.11%) P. aeruginosa. for molecular study, 7(50.0%) out of a total of 14 E. coli isolates possessed the gyrA gene. On the other hand, 12(100.0%) isolates out of a total of 14 isolates of K. pneumoniae possess the gyrA gene, while 11(91.7%) isolate out of a total of 12 isolates of P. aeruginosa possesses the gyrA gene. It is concluded that the most common cause of urinary tract infections is Escherichia coli followed by K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, and that one of the most important causes of antibiotic resistance is the presence of the gyrA gene, which causes bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolone.
Integrating Machine Learning With Nanotechnology For Enhanced Cancer Detection And Treatment
Authors: Arora Sunny , Nimma Divya , Kalidindi Neelima , S. Mary Rexcy Asha  , Eluri Nageswara Rao , Florence M. Mary Victoria
Published: October 2024

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, necessitating the development of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Advances in both nanotechnology and machine learning (ML) offer promising solutions to these challenges. Nanotechnology enables the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic scale, which facilitates precise drug delivery, early-stage cancer detection, and targeted therapies. Machine learning, with its ability to process vast amounts of data and recognize complex patterns, can significantly enhance the efficacy of nanotechnology-based interventions. This paper explores the integration of machine learning with nanotechnology, discussing its applications in cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment. By analyzing current research, we highlight the synergies between these fields, the technical challenges, and the future potential for developing more personalized and efficient cancer therapies. Furthermore, we consider ethical and safety concerns, along with recommendations for future interdisciplinary research.
Improving Performance in Surgical department through Communicating Information to Decision Makers: Intervention Study in a tertiary Hospital
Authors: Madiha Said Mohamed Abdel-Razek  , Ahmed Abdel-Hamid Taha  , Shaimaa A.M. Abd El Fatah  , Yomna Mohamed Ali Bayoumi
Published: October 2024

Hospital performance evaluation is crucial for early detection of pitfalls, and problem-solving. Data shouldn’t be passively collected. They must be measured and understood through an underlying conceptual framework. Purpose: The General Surgical Department in collaboration with the Public Health Department had the objective of developing a module for periodic monitoring and evaluation of the eight general surgical units based on calculated key performance indicators (KPIs), Composite Indices (CIs) and communication of growing out information through policy briefs directed to the heads of units for better resources allocation and evidence based decision making. Methodology: An operations research using pre-post intervention design. The exploratory component was completed in six  months in the 8 units of the department. Pretest service statistical data analyzed KPIs derived from hospital bed and surgical room utilization. Data were utilized for the calculation of 5 CIs for each unit. Study intervention included the development of policy briefs (PB) that were submitted to the head of the department. Informed decisions were made guided by the info-graph data in the form of traffic color coded ranking matrix to promote various services and to improve performance in the department units particularly lower ranked units. The post-test included reanalyzing of the service statistical data. Findings: Comparing pre-posttest figures revealed improvement in the calculated KPIs and CIs. Originality and practical implications: Bringing up a novel, feasible monitoring and evaluation model using refitted tools would support surgical unit heads in evidence-based decision-making and eventually improve performance efficiency.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress In Patients With Giardia Lamblia In Duhok City, Iraq
Authors: Ismail H. Slevaney  , Muna H. Jankeer  , Senaa Abdullah Ali .Al-Jarjari
Published: October 2024

Giardia lamblia (Giardia intestinalis) is a widespread enteric parasite known as giardiasis, which infects the small intestine of human at different ages, particularly children. This parasite has direct and indirect effects on the host’s body. This study aimed to evaluate the role of oxidative stress is expressed by estimating the malondialdehyde concentration (As oxidative indicator), and estimating the non-enzymatic antioxidants concentration in the serum of 39 patients ( males and females), whose ages ranged between (3-38) years patients infected with the G.lamblia or suspected of being infected with this parasite who were referred to Public Health Prevention Center, Center, Heevi Pediatric Hospital, Shariya and Kaberto Camp inside or outside Dohuk city. The diagnosis of parasitic infection was confirmed on the clinical symptoms of patients, the macroscopic examination of stool infected patients, which cotained trophozoites and / or cysts of G. lamblia, by confirming the infection microscopically in the laboratory by two method the direct wet smear examination and the antigen detection test. in addition to 30 serum samples healthy controls who did not have this disease, of both genders and the same age as a healthy control.The results of current study showed a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration by 158% in the serum of patients with giardiasis compared to healthy controls of both genders, and by 183% in males, 134% in females. compared to healthy controls according to gender. And the results also showed a significant decrease in the concentration of both glutathione (GSH) and albumin in the serum of infected patients by 70% and 15%, respectively, compared to healthy controls of both genders. The significant percentage of decrease was in males by 71%, 16% respectively, and in females by 70% and 14% respectively compared with healthy controls according to gender. We conclude that infection with G. lamblia caused oxidative stress and dysfunction in physiological and metabolic processes.
Preparation and Characterization of Schiff Base Ligand Complexes (Dimedone With Thiourea)
Authors: Sammer mizher ayash  , Shihab Omar Hamad , Hamadneh Imad (Moh’D Khair) Rashid
Published: October 2024

In this study, eight complexes of this group were prepared by reacting the new ligand prepared from the reaction of dimedone with thiourea with metal chlorides of divalent (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu ,Zn,  Cd) and trivalent (Fe, Cr) transition elements. These complexes were characterised by distinctive colours, melting points and solubility, and from the diagnostic results obtained, it was found that the ligand.(1E,5E)-5-carbamothioylimino)-3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene) thiourea(L2) , that behave as dodecameric ligands with the metal ion, to which they bind through two amine groups. The octahedral shape of the complexes was suggested by IR, UV-visible, molar electrical conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility spectra, all of which indicated paramagnetic properties except for Zn and Cd, which have diamagnetic properties, and molar conductivity showed that all complexes are non-electrolytic except for Fe and Cr. The molecular formula of the complexes forming the group was determined by elemental analysis, where the elemental percentages matched the proposed molecular formula. The results measured the biological efficacy against pathogenic bacteria of the complexes showed varying efficacy. The results of antioxidant efficacy measurement using ethanol showed varying efficacy and were compared with gallic acid using DPPH as a free radical and gave different IC50 values. Density Functional Theory (DFT) measurement results showed that the chemical properties of the prepared complexes were consistent with the results of the practical part.
Relationship Between Emotional Exhaustion and Job Satisfaction among Nurses
Authors: Mohaisen Abo Alhasan Ali , Mohammed Qahtan Q.
Published: October 2024

Background: Emotionally exhausted employees tend to have unfavorable relationships with coworkers and the organization. It has been shown that emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction are highly relevant factors for performance in various organizational settings. This study aims to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion among nurses working at a psychiatric hospital. Method: A descriptive correlational study is conducted from December 2023 to May 2024. In a non-probability (purposive sample), 190 nurses were selected from hospitals in the Baghdad/Al-Rusafa Health Directorate and the Medical City Directorate. Nurses who work in psychiatric units were selected purposefully for this study. The chosen questionnaire consists of three parts. The first is the patient's socio-demographic characteristics, the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), and the third is the Emotional Exhaustion subscale (EE). Results: This study shows that the average participants' age was 30.25 ± 8.7 years, and the majority (53.7%) were female and held a diploma degree (48.9%) in nursing science. They have moderate levels of emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. The job satisfaction survey results indicate that all dimensions of the subscale's items show moderate satisfaction. A statistical analysis reveals a significant inverse correlation between emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction among Nurses at a p-value of .0002. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. These results suggest that emotional exhaustion is a key factor contributing to reduced job satisfaction and its various components, such as fringe benefits and the nature of work promotion. Recommendations: The study recommends effective interventions to address the negative impact of emotional exhaustion in the workplace, especially among new young employees. As such, organizations should prioritize implementing strategies that promote employee well-being and reduce burnout. This research contributes to understanding nurse experiences and needs, informing policies and practices that support their growth and well- being.
The Effect of Project-Based Stem Education Approach on Academic Achievement and Stem Career Interests in Science
Authors: Tanır Halil , Türkmen Lütfullah
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the project-based STEM learning method prepared in accordance with the Science and Technology course curriculum on academic achievement and STEM Career Interest levels. Pre-test post-test control group experimental design was used in the study. In this context, the sample of the study consisted of 52 (n=26 experimental and n=27 control) volunteer 6th grade students studying in two different branches at Karatay Secondary School in Karatay district of Konya province in the second semester of 2021-2022 academic year. A placement test was administered in order to determine the branches in which the study would be conducted. According to the results of the exam, volunteer students studying in the closest level branches were included in the study. The students in the experimental group were taught according to the project-based STEM learning method prepared according to the outcomes of the Support and Motion System, Force and Motion, Sound Insulation, Thermal Insulation units for 64 lesson hours. The students in the control group were taught the above-mentioned units by the same instructor according to the existing program for 64 class hours. Both experimental and control group students were administered the skills-based academic achievement and STEM Career Interest Scale prepared by the Ministry of National Education as pre-test and post-test. The data obtained from the pre-test and post-test applications were evaluated in SPSS 26.0 package program. In the statistical analysis, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the students in the experimental and control groups in favor of the students in the experimental group (p<0.05). According to the findings obtained from the statistical analysis, it was concluded that the project-based STEM teaching method in science education increased the level of academic achievement and interest in STEM professions. Based on this result, it is predicted that students' academic achievement levels can increase with the more frequent use of project-based STEM learning method in science education by teachers
Associated Factors of Viral Hepatitis Transmission among Hemodialysis Adult Patients
Authors: Kadhim Zaman Kareem , Saadoon Naji Yasser
Published: October 2024

Background: Individuals suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more likely to die, particularly those with end-stage kidney disease. Surprisingly, these deaths are related to many diseases, and this mortality rate motivates us to identify additional risk factors that can be modified to improve survival in patients requiring hemodialysis. Hepatitis virus infection has been associated with many comorbidities other than the liver, such as kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and lymphoproliferative disease.
Objective: To estimate the hepatitis prevalence in hemodialysis units and assess the risk factors contributing to viral hepatitis infection in hemodialysis centers.
Materials and Methods: Cohort study design conducted in dialysis centers-Najaf AL Ashraf\ Iraq , , May 2023. The sample was collected by questionnaire and by referring to patient records to measure the prevalence of viral hepatitis.
Results: 72 patients with hepatitis in hemodialysis centers responded to study. Their ages ranged from 20-78 years. The group of participants (41-60 years old) constituted approximately half of sample, and the percentage of sex was males more than females. The prevalence of viral hepatitis was 10.3 %. Among patients with hemodialysis treatment, hepatitis B virus is less than C.
Accuracy of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Serum and Synovial Fluid as Rheumatoid Arthritis Prognostic Factors
Authors: Almousawy Ali J. , Darweesh Mayyada F.
Published: October 2024

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) An autoimmunity of the joints which is now seen as a major public health concern. Therefore, finding new biomarkers is crucial to improve RA sufferers' quality of life. Several cytokines increased the inflammatory cascade which linked to pathophysiology of RA.  This investigation aimed to determine the validity of transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF-β1) in synovial fluid and serum as prognostic factor and which one is better for rheumatoid arthritis disease follow up.
Material and Methods: In Al-Saddar Medical City Rheumatology Unit in the Najaf governorate, 80 patients were included in case-control research. These patients were identified by specialized who classified the patients according to stages of disease into mild stage (stage 1 and 2) and aggressive (stage 3 and 4 who had knee effusion and synovial fluid separation). Venous blood samples (3ml) drawn from patients and controls were transferred to a gel tube for serum separation that used to measure the TGF-β1 level in accordance (BT LAB/China), RF level and anti-CCP level by ELISA assay. knee synovial fluid was collected from RA patients in aggressive stage and from patient suffering from knee trauma as control group which included 18 patients not have RA.
The result demonstrated that Females and aged individuals in AL-NAJAF province more incidence with RA disease. TGF-β1 serum level increased significantly with disease severity and positive correlated with ACCP autoantibody, according to ROC prognosis analysis AUC of TGF-β1 serum level was excellent 0.9 with 100% sensitivity and specificity. While ROC analysis for TGF-β1 synovial fluid was 0.8 with 77.8% sensitivity and 86.7% specificity
Conclusion: Using ROC analysis, which supported good TGF level in both serum and synovial fluid diagnosis accuracy and enabled more sensitive and precise discrimination in RA disease. Instead of using synovial fluid separation as a diagnostic for excellent prognosis in RA disease, TGF-β1 and ACCP blood levels can help patients avoid discomfort and stress.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Authors: Mobarrak Fadi Mohammad , Khan Farid Ullah
Published: October 2024

HLH is a reactive process resulting from prolonged and excessive antigen-presenting cell activation [1]. Hemophagocytosis is a hallmark of activated macrophages/histiocytes. The predominant clinical findings of HLH are fever (often hectic and persistent), cytopenia, hepatitis, and splenomegaly. A case of HLH in a 32-year-old female with no past medical history was presented in the current paper. She was admitted to the medical department with a fever and thrombocytopenia for evaluation. After failure to respond to a brief course of empiric antibiotics, the patient was extensively investigated and finally diagnosed with HLH (bone marrow aspiration showed occasional hemophagocytes). She was started on steroids but, failed to respond and so immunosuppressant drugs were added to the therapy.
Synergistic Effect of Some Molecular Biomarkers in The Development of Preeclampsia and Abortion in Pregnant Women Suffer from Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Khattab Fulk Abdulhafed , Nayef Najah S. , Salih Saad Ghanim
Published: October 2024

The current study summarized the effect of toxoplasmosis, which is caused by parasitic infection with protozoan known as Toxoplasma gondii, on pregnant women who suffer from repeated miscarriages, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy, this research documented the reduction of sex hormones values in healthy pregnant women, association with down ROP16 regulation(T.gondii-I virulence factor). While the average of the same parameters was increased in pregnant women who suffered from toxoplasmosis, which in turn led to inhibition of the transcription factor NFKB in parasite`s infected women, and inhibition of the patient's immune response. On the other hand, both of ROP16 and NFKB genes play a critical role in an increase of miR146 transcription, it consider a significant factor that activate epigenetic effect perhaps play role in reducing of host's immune system. At the end the placental cell signaling pathway was modified and increased atrophy of placental trophoblast with association of serious complications led at the end to emergence of early abortion.
Evaluation of Patients' Knowledge Regarding Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases
Authors: Poloska Albana , Gjonej Risida , Akshija Ilir
Published: October 2024

Introduction: WHO reported that Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the major cause of early deaths worldwide and remain one of the major health challenges globally public health threats. Understanding the risk for NCD is important to adopting a healthy lifestyle which can have a positive influence in the reduction of NCD. Primary Health Care physicians and nurses in the family play an important role in identifying, diagnosing, and preventing NCD in the family and community.Objectives: this study aims to evaluate the individual’s perception, knowledge regarding NCD, and intentions to change their lifestyle in primary health care.Methods: Our study is cross-sectional and has been conducted in the primary health care center Tirana, Albania from January - May 2023. The total number of participants was 360 (over 25 years old). Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire on demographic characteristics, information about the perception, and knowledge of NCD, the role of health care, and intentions to change lifestyle. We performed the statistical analysis through the IBM® SPSS® Statistics software.Results: The results showed that (n= 302)83.9% of participants are from Tirana, (n= 194) 53.9% of them are male and the majority of them (n=106)29.4% are 35-44 years old. Regarding the education level, (n= 200)55.6% have studied secondary school and (= 100)27.8% high school, nearly (n=285)79.2% are employed. An association between employment status with the perception of NCD was shown, older ages, employed people, higher education level and women have better levels of knowledge about NCD p< 0.05.Conclusions: This study informs about that the patient's knowledge about NCD was low but physician and family nursing have important roles in informing individuals and families of risk factors in NCD. People informed can lead to individual sensibilization for NCD, reduce the incidence, and grow patient satisfaction.
Quality Assessment of Drinking Water from Vending Machines for a Healthier Life
Authors: Thuadaij Pattaranun , Duangkham Sakesit
Published: October 2024

Commercial water vending machines in urban communities are important for consumers because of their convenience and affordability. Therefore, this study investigated the environmental conditions, maintenance, and quality of drinking water distributed through vending machines in an urban community in Thailand. The research sampled 101 drinking water machines in Buriram Municipality, Buriram Province. These machines were assessed for physical characteristics and the surrounding environment and were conducted according to an evaluation form provided by the Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. The findings revealed that 93.07% of the machines had auto coin failures; did not record the date, month, and year of filter changes; and did not display the business license on the cabinet. Additionally, 89.1% of the cabinets had thick dust, 57.43% had damaged or rusted handles on the water inlet door, and 56.44% had algae or rust stains on the water dispenser head. A physiochemical analysis revealed that 83.2% of the machines did not detect the pH levels. Total coliform bacteria and E. coli were not detected in 39.6% and 12.9% of samples, respectively. This study was conducted to develop an application for monitoring the quality of drinking water from vending machines to ensure that standards are met and up-to-date information is provided to help consumers make informed decisions about using clean and safe drinking water from vending machines.
An Analysis of The Pattern and Frequency of Primary Malignant Bone Tumors in Nassyriah
Authors: Al-Zirkan Kareem
Published: October 2024

Bone tumors are uncommon lesions and account for only 0.2% of all malignant tumors. Primary malignant bone tumors develop from bony tissue and are categorized according to their location of origin and the cell type that makes up the tumor. This research aims to report on the prevalence, geographic distribution, and comparison of malignant bone tumors in Nassyriha province. Malignant bone tumors were studied in 182 people (119 men and 63 females) between February 2021 and February 2023. Their ages varied widely (from 5 to 70), with the second decade being the most prevalent. The most common cancer was osteosarcoma, which accounted for 34.62 percent, followed by Ewing's sarcoma (24.73), chondrosarcoma (13.74), multiple myeloma (11.53), malignant giant cell tumors (8.14%), fibrosarcoma (2.74%), and 2 instances of chordoma (1.10%). None of the six instances (3.30%) could be definitively diagnosed. Primary malignant bone tumors are rising, with men being disproportionately impacted. Information gleaned from this study will be useful for both researchers and clinicians.
Assessing the Impact of Clove (Syzygium Aromaticum) Extract on Intestinal and Hepatic Histological Alterations in Broiler Chickens Infected with Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Ali Saba A. Ali , Hassan Neeran F. , Al- Gnami Sa,adeya Ali , Abdulameer Hanaa abdulabbas
Published: October 2024

This study investigated effects of aqueous and ethanolic clove extracts in small intestine and liver of chickens exposed to Salmonella typhimurium. Two hundred fifty-day-old chicks were divided into five groups. Group 1 served as the control and received a basic diet.Group 2 was orally infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Group 3 received same infection but was treated with Ciprofloxacin. Groups 4 and 5 were infected but received treatments of aqueous and ethanolic clove extracts, respectively. The findings revealed that Group 1 exhibited normal small intestine, while Group 2 displayed severe abnormalities, including flattened mucosa, damaged villi, and inflammation. Group 3 showed improvements, increased cell growth and goblet cells in the small intestine. Group 4 displayed nearly normal intestinal features. Group 5 had fully restored intestinal health. In the liver, Group 1 showed typical hepatic structure, whereas Group 2 exhibited signs of inflammation and hepatocyte necrosis. Group 3 displayed severe hepatocyte damage, while Group 4 demonstrated restored liver structure with slight sinusoidal dilation. Group 5 had a well-preserved hepatic architecture with minor inflammation. Administration of 2 mg/kg of aqueous and ethanolic clove extracts demonstrated alleviate histological alterations in small intestine and liver caused by Salmonella typhimurium infection. Notably, the aqueous extract is more effective than ethanolic extract in reducing liver and intestine damage.