bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ephrin‐A3 and Ephrin‐A4 Contribute to Microglia‐Induced Angiogenesis in Brain Endothelial Cells
Authors: Li Ying , Liu Dong‐Xin , Li Mei‐Yang , Qin Xiao‐Xue , Fang Wen‐Gang , Zhao Wei‐Dong , Chen Yu‐Hua
Published: July 2014

The association of microglia with brain vasculature during development and the reduced brain vascular complexity in microglia‐deficient mice suggest the role of microglia in cerebrovascular angiogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, using an in vitro angiogenesis model, we found the culture supernatant of BV2 microglial cells significantly enhanced capillary‐like tube formation and migration of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). The expression of angiogenic factors, ephrin‐A3 and ephrin‐A4, were specifically upregulated in BMECs exposed to BV2‐derived culture supernatant. Knockdown of ephrin‐A3 and ephrin‐A4 in BMECs by siRNA significantly attenuated the enhanced angiogenesis and migration of BMECs induced by BV2 supernatant. Our further results indicated that the ability of BV2 supernatant to promote endothelial angiogenesis was caused by the soluble tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) released from BV2 microglial cells. Moreover, the upregulations of ephrin‐A3 and ephrin‐A4 in BMECs in response to BV2 supernatant were effectively abolished by neutralization antibody against TNF‐α and TNF receptor 1, respectively. The present study provides evidence that microglia upregulates endothelial ephrin‐A3 and ephrin‐A4 to facilitate in vitro angiogenesis of brain endothelial cells, which is mediated by microglia‐released TNF‐α. Anat Rec, 297:1908–1918, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuropsychotrope aktivität dopaminanaloger bicyclo[2.2.1]‐heptane
Authors: Rehse Klaus , Sparfeldt Peter , Kehr Wolfgang
Published: July 2014

In den Titelverbindungen liegen Derivate des Dopamins in schief ekliptischer Form sterisch fixiert vor. 5a, b und 6a, b erreichen nach intraperitonealer Applikation das Gehirn von Ratten und hemmen in Stammhirn‐ und Rindenarealen die Dopa‐ und 5‐Hydroxytryptophansynthese. Gleichzeitig wird der Catecholamin‐ und Serotoninumsatz (5‐HT) verlangsamt. 3‐exo‐(3,4‐Dimethoxyphenyl)‐N,N‐dimethyl‐bicyclo‐[2.2.1]heptan‐2‐endo‐amin (5a) hemmt in vivo die Wiederaufnahme von Serotonin in zentrale Neuronen in der Größenordnung des Antidepressivums Imipramin.
Pd/C‐katalysierte Doppelbindungsisomerisierung von N‐Acylallylaminen zu N‐Acylenaminen
Authors: Wanner Klaus Th. , Kärtner Annerose
Published: July 2014

Die Synthesen optisch aktiver N‐Acyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine und deren Pd/C katalysierten Umlagerungen zu N‐Acylenaminen werden beschrieben.
Synthesis and Calcium‐antagonist Activity of some Phosphonates
Authors: Corsano Stefano , Strappaghetti Giovannella , Castagnino Enzo
Published: July 2014

The synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of phosphonates related to Fostedil, diethyl 4‐(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)benzylphosphonate 1, a potent calcium antogonist are reported. Among the compounds studied, only diethyl 4‐(benzooxazol‐2‐yl)benzylphosphonate 5, which is closely related to Fostedil, shows a low calcium‐antagonist activity.
Synthese und Funktionalisierung chlorsubstituierter Bicyclo‐ und 8‐Oxabicyclo[3,2,1]octa‐2,6‐dien‐4‐one
Authors: Seitz Gunther , van Gemmern Robert
Published: July 2014

Wir beschreiben eine einfache Synthese der überbrückten Troponderivate 7a und b durch saure Hydrolyse chlorsubstituierter Bicyclooctadiene wie 4a und b sowie ihre Reaktion mit Trimethylsilylaminen bzw. Methylthiotrimethylsilan/AlCl3 zu neuen vinylogen Amiden 9 und 10 bzw. Thioestern 12.
Nitroketenaminale, 5. Mitt.: Synthese von N2‐substituierten 2‐Amino‐3‐nitropyridinen als Vorstufen von Pyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazinen (3‐Desazapteridinen)
Authors: Mertens Hubert , Troschütz Reinhard
Published: July 2014

N2‐substituierte 2‐Amino‐3‐nitropyridine lassen sich aus den Nitroketenaminalen 3 und 1,3‐Biselektrophilen wie 1 und 2 herstellen. Durch Oxidation und anschließende katalytische Hydrierung von 13 gelangt man zum 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydropyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazin 17.
Synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[3′,4′:3,4][1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐b]indole, tetrazolo[5′,1′:3,4][1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐b]indole and their Derivatives
Authors: Younes Mansour I. , Abbas Hessan H. , Metwally Saoud A.
Published: July 2014

Reactions of 5‐ethyl 5H‐1,2,4‐triazino|5,6‐b|indol‐3‐thione (1) with various reagents have been studied. 1 and hydrazine hydrate in anhydrous ethanol gave 5‐ethyl‐3‐hydrazino‐5H‐1,2,4‐triazino|5,6‐b|indole (2). This compound was condensed with formic acid and acetic acid to give 10‐ethyl‐10H‐|1,2,4|triazolo|3′,4′:3,4||1,2,4|triazino|5,6‐b|indole (4, R=H) and 10‐ethyl‐1 ‐methyl‐10H‐|1,2,4|triazolo‐|3′,4′:3,4‖ 1,2,4|triazino|5,6‐b|indole (4, R = CH3), respectively. Treatment of 2 with nitrous acid gave 10‐ethyl‐10H‐tetrazolo|5′,1′:3,4‖ 1,2,4|triazino|5,6‐b|indole (7). Interaction of 2 with acetylacetone in alcoholic KOH gave the pyrazole 8, whereas reaction of 2 with ethyl acetoacetate in anhydrous ethanol led to the expected hydrazone 9, which on reflux with alcoholic KOH gives 1‐(5‐ethyl‐5H‐1,2,4‐triazino| 5,6‐b|indol‐3‐yl)‐3‐methyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one 10. Treatment of 2 with ethyl chloroformate gives 11, which can be converted to 10‐ethyl‐2,10‐dihydro‐1H‐|1,2,4|triazolo|3′,4′:3,4|triazino|5,6‐b|‐indol‐1‐one 12 by fusion.
Lactone, 16. Mitt.: Synthese von 4,9‐Dihydropyrano[3,4‐b]indol‐1(3H)‐onen aus α‐Ethoxalyl‐δ‐valerolacton
Authors: Lehmann Jochen , Pohl Ursula
Published: July 2014

Die Umsetzung von α‐Ethoxalyl‐δ‐valerolacton (1) mit diazotierten Anilinen und Indolisierung der intermediären Hydrazone 4 führt zu den Pyranoindolonen 5. Hinsichtlich der Substituentenvariation am aromatischen Ring ist dieser Syntheseweg vielseitiger als die kürzlich beschriebene Darstellung aus α‐Ethoxalyl‐γ‐butyrolacton und Arylhydrazinen2). Stereochemie und Reaktivität der α‐Arylhydrazonolactone 4 werden diskutiert.
Freeze‐Drying‐Assisted Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Carbon/Germanium Hybrid for High‐Efficiency Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xiao Ying , Cao Minhua
Published: July 2014

Herein, an approach is reported to prepare porous a carbon/Ge (C/Ge) hybrid. In this hybrid, Ge nanoparticles are closely embedded in a highly conductive and flexible carbon matrix. Such a hybrid features a high surface area (128.0 m2 g−1) and a hierarchical micropore–mesopore structure. When used as an anode material in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), the as‐prepared hybrid [C/Ge (60.37 %)] exhibits an improved lithium storage performance with regard to its capacity and rate capability compared to its counterparts. More specifically, it can maintain a specific capacity as high as 906 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 0.6 A g−1 after 50 cycles. The excellent lithium storage performance of the C/Ge (60.37 %) sample can be attributed to synergetic effects between the carbon matrix and Ge nanoparticles. The method we adopted is simple and effective, and can be extended to fabricate other nanomaterials.
On the signature of a system under minimal repair
Authors: Lindqvist Bo H. , Samaniego Francisco J.
Published: July 2014

The signature of a coherent system with independent and identically distributed component lifetimes is a useful tool in the study and comparison of lifetimes of systems. The signature of a coherent system with n components is a vector whose kth element is the probability that the kth component failure is fatal to the system and is a distribution‐free measure of the design of the system. Recently, the notion of dynamic signature was introduced in the literature. Here, one considers a system that is inspected at some time t and found to be working, with i, say, failed components. The dynamic signature is then the signature of the system consisting of the remaining n−i components. In the present paper, we consider the situation when a system failure is observed, and we assume that the only information available is the time of failure, t, and the number of failed components, k, at failure. A minimal repair is assumed. The paper presents a construction of the probabilistic mechanism of the failure process following the failure and minimal repair, conditioning on the available information. The signature of the remaining system after repair is called the conditional dynamic signature, which is similar to the dynamic signature, and the two can be computed from the same set of residual signatures. It is conjectured that the dynamic signature generally dominates stochastically the conditional dynamic signature under comparable scenarios. A condition that guarantees this domination is presented. The condition is shown to be sufficient but not necessary. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An agent‐based simulation model to assess the impacts of introducing a shared‐taxi system: an application to Lisbon (Portugal)
Authors: Martinez Luis M. , Correia Gonçalo H. A. , Viegas José M.
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a new concept of urban shared‐taxi services. The proposed system has a new organisational design and pricing scheme that aims to use the capacity in traditional taxi services in a more efficient way. In this system, a taxi acting in ‘sharing’ mode offers lower prices to its clients, in exchange for them to accept sharing the vehicle with other persons who have compatible trips (time and space). The paper proposes and tests an agent‐based simulation model in which a set of rules for space and time matching between a request of a client and the candidate shared taxis is identified. It considers that the client is only willing to accept a maximum deviation from his or her direct route and establishes an objective function for selecting the best candidate taxi. The function considers the minimum travel time combination of pickup and drop‐off of all the pool of clients sharing each taxi while allowing to establish a policy of bonuses to competing taxis with certain number of occupants. An experiment for the city of Lisbon is presented with the objectives of testing the proposed simulation conceptual model and showing the potential of sharing taxis for improving mobility management in urban areas. Results show that the proposed system may lead to significant fare and travel time savings to passengers, while not jeopardising that much the taxi revenues. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromatin regulators in neurodevelopment and disease: Analysis of fly neural circuits provides insights
Authors: Taniguchi Hiroaki , Moore Adrian W.
Published: July 2014

Disruptions in chromatin regulator genes are frequently the cause of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Chromatin regulators are widely expressed in the brain, yet symptoms suggest that specific circuits can be preferentially altered when they are mutated. Using Drosophila allows targeted manipulation of chromatin regulators in defined neuronal classes, lineages, or circuits, revealing their roles in neuronal precursor self‐renewal, dendrite and axon targeting, neuron diversification, and the tuning of developmental signaling pathways. Phenotypes arising from chromatin regulator disruption are context dependent – defined by interaction networks between the regulators, transcription factors, and chromatin remodeling complex partners. Future challenges are to determine the complexity of partner interactions, and to ascertain the degree to which cognitive deficits are due to loss of chromatin regulator activity in building a circuit or in maintaining homeostasis and activity within it.
Realistic and stable simulation of turbulent details behind objects in smoothed‐particle hydrodynamics fluids
Authors: Shao Xuqiang , Zhou Zhong , Zhang Jinsong , Wu Wei
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a novel realistic and stable turbulence synthesis method to simulate the turbulent details generated behind objects in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) fluids. Firstly, by approximating the boundary layer theory on the fly in SPH fluids, we propose a vorticity production model to identify which fluid particles shed from object surfaces and which are seeded as vortex particles. Then, we employ an SPH‐like summation interpolant formulation of the Biot–Savart law to calculate the fluctuating velocities stemming from the generated vorticity field. Finally, the stable evolution of the vorticity field is achieved by combining an implicit vorticity diffusion technique and an artificial dissipation term. Moreover, in order to efficiently catch turbulent details for rendering, we propose an octree‐based adaptive surface reconstruction method for particle‐based fluids. The experiment results demonstrate that our turbulence synthesis method provides an effect way to model the obstacle‐induced turbulent details in SPH fluids and can be easily added to existing particle‐based fluid–solid coupling pipelines. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mn3O4/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Huang Dekang , Zhang Bingyan , Li Shaohui , Wang Mingkui , Shen Yan
Published: July 2014

Electrodes based on helical carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Mn3O4 nanocomposites are investigated for catalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline solutions. Modification of Mn3O4 with helical CNTs allows these nanocomposite materials to exhibit high catalytic activity for the ORR, in which a four‐electron pathway dominates, and also remarkable stability in air‐saturated alkaline solutions. These properties are attributed to a combination of fast electron transport by the helical CNTs and high catalytic activity of Mn3O4 in the ORR.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorometric/Electrochemical Dual‐Channel Sensors for TNT and DNT Explosives
Authors: Ma Hongwei , Yao Liang , Li Peng , Ablikim Obolda , Cheng Yunfei , Zhang Ming
Published: July 2014

A novel electro‐active compound, TCAC, is synthesized and its electrochemical polymerized film is used to detect 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (DNT) explosives through a fluorometric/electrochemical dual‐channel sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity. In particular, the electrochemical sensor for the analysis of TNT had an enhanced sensitivity of 0.5 μM. The detection limit of the sensor was calculated to be 15 nM.
A Preorganized Metalloreceptor for Alkaline Earth Ions Showing Calcium Versus Magnesium Selectivity in Water: Biological Activity of Selected Metal Complexes
Authors: Amatori Stefano , Ambrosi Gianluca , Fanelli Mirco , Formica Mauro , Fusi Vieri , Giorgi Luca , Macedi Eleonora , Micheloni Mauro , Paoli Paola , Rossi Patrizia
Published: July 2014

TheN,N′‐bis[(3‐hydroxy‐4‐pyron‐2‐yl)methyl]‐N,N′‐dimethylethylendiamine (Malten=L) forms the highly stable [CuH−2L] species in water, in which the converging maltol oxygen atoms form an electron‐rich area able to host hard metal ions. When considering the alkaline earth series (AE), the [Cu(H−2L)] species binds all metal ions, with the exception of Mg2+, exhibiting the relevant property to discriminate Ca2+versus Mg2+at physiological pH 7.4; the binding of the AE metal is visible to the naked eye. The stability constant values of the trinuclear [AE{Cu(H−2L)}2]2+species formed reach the maximum for Ca2+(log K=7.7). Ca2+also forms a tetranuclear [Ca{Cu(H−2L)}]24+species at a high Ca2+concentration. Tri‐ and tetranuclear calcium complexes show blue‐ and pink‐colored crystals, respectively. [Cu(H−2L)] is the most active species in inducing DNA alterations. The DNA damages are compatible with its hydrolytic cleavages.
Cyclodextrin Polyrotaxanes as a Highly Modular Platform for the Development of Imaging Agents
Authors: Fredy Jean Wilfried , Scelle Jérémy , Guenet Aurélie , Morel Elodie , Adam de Beaumais Ségolène , Ménand Mickaël , Marvaud Valérie , Bonnet Célia S. , Tóth Eva , Sollogoub Matthieu , Vives Guillaume , Hasenknopf Bernold
Published: July 2014

Selectively functionalized cyclodextrins with a bodipy fluorescent tag or Gd3+ complex were synthetized and threaded onto a polyammonium chain to form polyrotaxanes. This modular supramolecular assembly makes an ideal platform for bimodal (fluorescent and MRI) imaging applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Ordered BaAl4‐Type Variants in the BaAuxSn4‐x System: A Unified View on Their Phase Stabilities versus Valence Electron Counts.
Authors: Lin Qisheng , Miller Gordon J. , Corbett John D.
Published: July 2014

Samples of the title system are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (950 °C for 2 h and 600 °C for 7 d) and characterized by single crystal XRD, TB‐LMTO‐ASA, and EHTB electronic structure computations.
ChemInform Abstract: Framework Structures of Interconnected Layers in Calcium Iron Arsenides.
Authors: Stuerzer Tobias , Hieke Christine , Loehnert Catrin , Nitsche Fabian , Stahl Juliane , Maak Christian , Pobel Roman , Johrendt Dirk
Published: July 2014

The new compounds Can(n+1)/2(Fe1‐xM1x) (2+3n) M2n(n‐1)/2As(n+1)(n+2)/2 (n = 1—3; M1: Nb, Pd, Pt; M2: □, Pd, Pt) and (Ca,Na)3(Fe,Nb)8As6 are synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (alumina or Nb tubes, 900—1000 °C) and their crystal structures are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Li2CdGeS4, a Diamond‐Like Semiconductor with Strong Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity in the Infrared and Exceptional Laser Damage Threshold.
Authors: Brant Jacilynn A. , Clark Daniel J. , Kim Yong Soo , Jang Joon I. , Zhang Jian‐Han , Aitken Jennifer A.
Published: July 2014

The NLO semiconductor of title is quantitatively obtained by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Cd, Ge, S, and a slight excess of Li2S (graphite crucible in evacuated silica tube, 750 °C, 144 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Acentric Pseudo‐Kagome Structures: The Solid Solution (Co1‐xNix) 3Sb4O6F6.
Authors: Hu Shichao , Johnsson Mats , Lemmens Peter , Schmid Daniel , Menzel Dirk , Tapp Joshua , Moeller Angela
Published: July 2014

(Co1‐xNix) 3Sb4O6F6 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) is prepared by hydrothermal treatment of CoF2 and/or NiF2, and Sb2O3 (autoclave, 230 °C, 4 d).
ChemInform Abstract: A Bulk Boron‐Based Photocatalyst for Efficient Dechlorination: K3B6O10Br.
Authors: Fan Xiaoyun , Zang Ling , Zhang Min , Qiu Hengshan , Wang Zhen , Yin Jiao , Jia Hanzhong , Pan Shilie , Wang Chuanyi
Published: July 2014

Nanoparticles of the nonlinear optical material K3B6O10Br (KBB) are fabricated by grinding of top‐seeded KBB solution‐grown single crystals.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to Prepare Nanoscopic Rare Earth Metal Fluorides: The Fluorolytic Sol—Gel Synthesis of Ytterbium Fluoride.
Authors: Schmidt L. , Dimitrov A. , Kemnitz E.
Published: July 2014

Highly transparent ytterbium fluoride sols of high concentration and low viscosity are prepared by the fluorolytic sol—gel synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Dialkylimidazolium Dimethyl Phosphates as Solvents and Catalysts for the Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction.
Authors: Zicmanis Andris , Anteina Liene
Published: July 2014

Knoevenagel condensation between benzaldehyde and ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of an equimolar amount of 1,3‐dialkylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate ionic liquids is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Double Michael Addition Reactions of the Nazarov Reagent with 2‐Cyano‐2‐cycloalkenones: An Alternative Approach to cis‐Fused Bicyclic Systems.
Authors: Tu Che‐Hao , Wu Yen‐Ku , Shia Kak‐Shan , Kuo Sheng‐Chu , Liu Hsing‐Jang , Hsieh Min‐Tsang
Published: July 2014

The DBU‐catalyzed stereoselective annulation reaction of cycloalkenones with the Nazarov reagent delivers a range of bicyclic compounds possessing a high degree of oxygenated functionality.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1‐Naphthylcarbenoids and Their Synthetic Utilization in Cyclopropanation Reactions.
Authors: Lauterbach Tobias , Ganschow Michael , Hussong Matthias W. , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: July 2014

Transformation of norbornene under the investigated conditions suffers from incomplete conversion, but succeeds with gold (I) chloride as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of ortho‐Phenyl Substitution on Molecular Arrangements of Octadehydrodibenzo[12]annulene.
Authors: Hisaki Ichiro , Manabe Noriko , Osaka Keisuke , Saeki Akinori , Seki Shu , Tohnai Norimitsu , Miyata Mikiji
Published: July 2014

The effects of ortho‐phenyl substitution in title compound (VI) are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Difluoro‐ and Trifluoromethylation of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes in an Electrochemical Microreactor.
Authors: Arai Kenta , Watts Kevin , Wirth Thomas
Published: July 2014

An efficient and rapid access to difluoro‐ and trifluoromethylated compounds in good yields, which are equal or better than the yields under batch conditions, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetamide/SO2Cl2 as an Efficient Reagent for Friedel—Craft′s Acylation of Aromatic Compounds under Ultrasonic and Microwave Conditions.
Authors: Satish Kumar Mukka , Chinna Rajanna Kamatala , Venkanna Purugula , Venkateswarlu Marri
Published: July 2014

Friedel—Craft′s acetylation of aromatic compounds by acetamide/SO2Cl2 proceeds under microwave irradiation in high yields and short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: A Pd‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Dehydrogenative Aromatization and ortho‐Functionalization Sequence of N‐Acetyl Enamides.
Authors: Kim Jinhee , Moon Youngtaek , Lee Suhyun , Hong Sungwoo
Published: July 2014

The alkenylation of (XIII) to (XIV) is accompanied by the formation of 8‐13% of di‐olefinated products.
ChemInform Abstract: The N‐Alkylation of Sulfonamides with Alcohols in Water Catalyzed by the Water‐Soluble Iridium Complex {Cp*Ir[6,6′‐(OH)2bpy](H2O)}[OTf]2.
Authors: Qu Panpan , Sun Chunlou , Ma Juan , Li Feng
Published: July 2014

The presence of the two hydroxy groups in the bipyridine ligand are crucial for the catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Changing the Reaction Pathway by NHC/Broensted Base Cooperative Catalysis: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Multifunctional Benzo[a]fluoren‐11‐ones from the Dimerization of 2‐(Aroylvinyl)arylaldehydes.
Authors: Tong Yuan‐feng , Mao Jian‐hui , Wu Song , Zhao Yuan , Cheng Ying
Published: July 2014

The unprecedented title synthesis requires both the triazole catalyst and 4‐methoxyphenolate as a co‐catalyst and proceeds via a benzoin‐Michael‐Michael cascade reaction sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Perchlorate Induced Rearrangement of a Tetraarylethene Involving an Apparent Oxygen Migration.
Authors: Kelemu Solomon W. , Fitchett Christopher M. , Steel Peter J.
Published: July 2014

Treatment of tetraarylethene (I) with AgClO4 results in the formation of a silver complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Iron‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Peroxide Epoxidation of Aromatic Olefins Using a Combination of Two Kinds of Simple Picolinate Ligands under Halide‐Free Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Chishiro Takefumi , Kon Yoshihiro , Nakashima Takuya , Goto Midori , Sato Kazuhiko
Published: July 2014

Fe‐catalyzed oxidation of styrenes to epoxides by H2O2 is achieved in good yields and realized on a 100‐g scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of N‐Allylindoles by Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Amination/Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions.
Authors: Ye Ke‐Yin , Dai Li‐Xin , You Shu‐Li
Published: July 2014

The title reaction is realized through an iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic amination reaction with various alkynylanilines and subsequent cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Intramolecular Cyclization of N‐Aryl Diazoamides Using a Titanium—BINOLate Complex.
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya , Yamamoto Kumiko , Maruoka Keiji
Published: July 2014

Addition of an external proton source such as 4‐bromo‐2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol allows a lowered catalyst loading, while slightly decreasing the yield and enantiomeric excess as well as prolonging the reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Trifluoromethylated Indoles via Radical Trifluoromethylation of Isonitriles.
Authors: Zhang Bo , Studer Armido
Published: July 2014

Title compounds are readily synthesized by the trifluoromethylation of isonitriles employing the Togni reagent (II) as a CF3 radical precursor.
ChemInform Abstract: A Solvent‐Free Protocol for the Synthesis of 3‐Formyl‐2H‐chromenes via Domino Oxa Michael/Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Lanari Daniela , Rosati Ornelio , Curini Massimo
Published: July 2014

Substrates with electron‐withdrawing groups give the undesired hemiacetal (V) as major product.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Annulation and Carbon—Carbon Bond Cleavage of Arylacetamides: Domino Synthesis of Fused Quinazolinones.
Authors: Sun Jie , Tan Qitao , Yang Wusong , Liu Bingxin , Xu Bin
Published: July 2014

Cu‐catalyzed tandem reactions of phenylacetic acid amides having a 2‐pyridyl or related heteroaryl substituent proceed through aerobic benzylic oxidation, intermolecular cyclization, and decarbonylation to yield a variety of fused quinazolines.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Benzo[a]phenazine‐5,6‐dione 7‐Oxides.
Authors: Gornostaev L. M. , Lyashchenko T. A. , Arnold E. V.
Published: July 2014

The title compounds (II), a new type of tetracyclic azine heterocycles incorporating quinoid structures, are conveniently obtained by treatment of naphthoquinones (I) with nitrosylsulfuric acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Short Synthesis of Berkeleyamide D and Determination of the Absolute Configuration by the Vibrational Circular Dichroism Exciton Chirality Method.
Authors: Komori Kenta , Taniguchi Tohru , Mizutani Shoma , Monde Kenji , Kuramochi Kouji , Tsubaki Kazunori
Published: July 2014

Synthetic (.+‐.)‐(I) is separated by optical resolution using chiral HPLC to (‐)‐I* and its enantiomer.
ChemInform Abstract: DIFLUORPHOS and SYNPHOS in Asymmetric Catalysis: Synthetic Applications
Authors: Prevost Sebastien , Ayad Tahar , Genet Jean‐Pierre , Phansavath Phannarath , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie
Published: July 2014

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Sequential Homobimetallic Catalysis Concept Applied to the Synthesis of Benzofuran Derivatives (Highlight)
Authors: Mancuso R. , Gabriele B.
Published: July 2014

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Triazines, Tetrazines, and Fused Ring Polyaza Systems
Authors: Prokhorov Anton M. , Kozhevnikov Dmitry N.
Published: July 2014

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid Catalysis in the Way to Porphyrins: Reaction of Pyrrole/Aldehydes in the Synthesis of Meso‐Substituted Porphyrins
Authors: Gomes Ana Teresa P. C.
Published: July 2014

Review: 9 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Xanthine Oxidoreductase‐Catalyzed Reactive Species Generation: A Process in Critical Need of Reevaluation
Authors: Cantu‐Medellin Nadiezhda , Kelley Eric E.
Published: July 2014

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dithiolopyrrolones: Biosynthesis, Synthesis, and Activity of a Unique Class of Disulfide‐Containing Antibiotics
Authors: Li Bo , Wever Walter J. , Walsh Christopher T. , Bowers Albert A.
Published: July 2014

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Complexation of Aromatic Compounds with Self‐Assembled PdII and PtII Metallacycles
Authors: Garcia Marcos D. , Alvarino Cristina , Lopez‐Vidal Eva M. , Rama Tamara , Peinador Carlos , Quintela Jose M.
Published: July 2014

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Directed ortho Metalation‐Cross‐Coupling Fusion: Development and Application in Synthesis: Platinum Group Metals Catalytic Synthetic Strategy for Pharmaceutical, Agrochemical and Other Industrial Products
Authors: Board Johnathan , Cosman Jennifer L. , Rantanen Toni , Singh Suneel P. , Snieckus Victor
Published: July 2014

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion Recognition by Simple Chromogenic and Chromo‐Fluorogenic Salicylidene Schiff Base or Reduced‐Schiff Base Receptors
Authors: Dalapati Sasanka , Jana Sankar , Guchhait Nikhil
Published: July 2014

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass into High‐Value Products: Microwave Pyrolysis
Authors: Shuttleworth Peter , Budarin Vitaly , Gronnow Mark
Published: July 2014

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: What Can Density Functional Theory Tell Us about Artificial Catalytic Water Splitting?
Authors: Mavros Michael G. , Tsuchimochi Takashi , Kowalczyk Tim , McIsaac Alexandra , Wang Lee‐Ping , Van Voorhis Troy
Published: July 2014

Review: 91 refs
Engineering ZnO nanowire surfaces via a chemical method
Authors: Zhu Y. F. , Fan D. H. , Zhou G. H. , Gu F.
Published: July 2014

Quasi‐aligned porous ZnO nanowire arrays are promising architectures for potential applications in catalysts, gas sensors and solar cells. However, processes for conversion of ZnO nanowire arrays into porous ones have rarely been reported. Here, we report a facile chemical method for the synthesis of ZnO nanowire array with porous surface. The morphology and structure of the obtained products have been investigated with field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Time‐dependent experiments have also been carried out to better understand the formation process of porous structures on the nanowire surfaces. The obtained porous ZnO nanowire arrays may find potential applications in catalysts, solar cells and gas sensors due to the large surface area of the yielded products.
The Olympia Food Co‐op Boycott: Nonviolent Struggle versus Conflict Resolution Process
Authors: Hallward Maia Carter , Berg Jennifer P.
Published: July 2014

This article examines the contention caused by a decision in 2010 of the board of the Olympia Food Co‐op to boycott all Israeli products from the co‐op. The hometown of Rachel Corrie, a twenty‐three‐year‐old Evergreen University student who was killed in 2003 by an Israeli bulldozer while defending a Palestinian home in the Gaza Strip, Olympia has a unique culture of social activism. However, as the case illustrates, community members differed in their conceptualization of what it means to be “progressive” on the subject of Israel and Palestine. Drawing on interviews and document analysis, the article argues that the polarization surrounding the co‐op's boycott reflects broader tensions within the field of conflict studies, including those between advocates of nonviolent resistance and dialogue, proponents of process versus those of outcome, and those arguing for neutrality versus solidarity with the oppressed. The article also explores the role of competing and overlapping identity categories in how activists framed their position on the issues under contention.
Reconciliation, You've Got to Be Dreaming: Exploring Methodologies for Monitoring and Achieving Aboriginal Reconciliation in Australia by 2030
Authors: McIntosh Ian S.
Published: July 2014

This article compares and contrasts the deliverables of the Australian Reconciliation Barometer and a new methodology, reconciliation process analysis, for measuring progress toward Aboriginal reconciliation. Reconciliation process analysis draws heavily on visioning and backcasting to explore the cumulative impact of the innumerable reconciliatory gestures underway in Australia to highlight where the parties stand in relation to tipping points and shared goals for the future. The joint application of these complementary methodologies will identify not only the trajectory of Australia's reconciliatory project but, more important, the buy‐in of indigenous Australians to an ultimate vision of closure and healing.
Enhanced Oxygen Separation through Robust Freeze‐Cast Bilayered Dual‐Phase Membranes
Authors: Gaudillere Cyril , Garcia‐Fayos Julio , Balaguer María , Serra José M.
Published: July 2014

Dual‐phase oxygen‐permeable asymmetric membranes with enhanced oxygen permeation were prepared by combining freeze‐casting, screen‐printing, and constraint‐sintering techniques. The membranes were evaluated under oxyfuel operating conditions. The prepared membranes are composed of an original ice‐templated La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ support with hierarchically oriented porosity and a top fully densified bilayered coating comprising a 10 μm‐thick La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ layer and a top protective 8 μm‐thick layer made of an optimized NiFe2O4/Ce0.8Tb0.2O2−δ composite synthesized by the one‐pot Pechini method. Preliminary analysis confirmed the thermochemical compatibility of the three involved phases at high temperature without any additional phase detected. This membrane exhibited a promising oxygen permeation value of 4.8 mL min−1 cm−2 at 1000 °C upon using Ar and air as the sweep and feed gases, respectively. Mimicking oxyfuel operating conditions by switching argon to pure CO2 as a sweep gas at 1000 °C and air as feed enabled an oxygen flux value of 5.6 mL min−1 cm−2 to be reached. Finally, under the same conditions and increasing the oxygen partial pressure to 0.1 MPa in the feed, the oxygen permeation reached 12 mL min−1 cm−2. The influence of CO2 content in the sweep gas was studied and its reversible and positive effect over oxygen permeation at temperatures equal to or above 950 °C was revealed. Finally, the membrane stability over a period of 150 h under CO2‐rich sweep gas showed a low degradation rate of 2.4×10−2 mL min−1 cm−2 per day.
Atomic Layer Deposition of TiOx/Al2O3 Bilayer Structures for Resistive Switching Memory Applications
Authors: Zhang Hehe , Aslam Nabeel , Reiners Marcel , Waser Rainer , Hoffmann‐Eifert Susanne
Published: July 2014

The resistive switching (RS) properties of a thin Al2O3 layer and TiOx/Al2O3 bilayers integrated into TiN/metal oxide/Pt crossbar devices are investigated for future memristive device (ReRAM) applications. The oxide bilayer stack is realized in consecutive atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes at 300 °C without any post‐annealing step. Stoichiometric Al2O3 and oxygen‐deficient TiOx thin films are grown from dimethylaluminum isopropoxide [DMAI: (CH3)2AlOCH(CH3)2] and tetrakis‐dimethlyamido‐titanium [TDMAT: Ti(N(CH3)2)4], respectively, as the metal sources, and water as the oxygen source. High insulating characteristics are confirmed for as‐grown amorphous Al2O3 films with a dielectric permittivity of 8.0 and disruptive field strength of about 7 MV cm−1, whereas the oxygen‐deficient TiOx shows semiconducting behavior. The bipolar‐type RS characteristics of TiN/TiOx/Al2O3/Pt cells show a strong dependence on both oxide layer thicknesses. A stable OFF/ON state resistance ratio of about 105 is obtained for the bilayer structure of 5 nm TiOx and 3.7 nm Al2O3.
Global DNA methylation as a possible biomarker for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Maghbooli Zhila , Hossein‐nezhad Arash , Larijani Bagher , Amini Manochehr , Keshtkar Abbasali
Published: July 2014

Background

We evaluated whether global levels of DNA methylation status were associated with retinopathy as well as providing a predictive role of DNA methylation in developing retinopathy in a case–control study of 168 patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

The 5‐methylcytosine content was assessed by reversed‐phase high‐pressure liquid chromatography of peripheral blood leukocytes to determine an individual's global DNA methylation status in the two groups, either with or without retinopathy.

Results

The global DNA methylation levels were significantly higher in diabetic retinopathy patients compared with those in non‐retinopathy patients (4.90 ± 0.12 vs. 4.22 ± 0.13, respectively; p = 0.001). There was a significant increasing trend in global DNA methylation levels in terms of progressing retinopathy (without retinopathy, 4.22 ± 0.13; non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 4.62 ± 0.17; proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 5.07 ± 0.21) (p = 0.006). Additionally, global DNA methylation independent of retinopathy risk factors, which include dyslipidaemia, hypertension, hyperglycaemia and duration of diabetes, was a predictive factor for retinopathy (OR = 1.53, p = 0.015).

Conclusions

Global DNA methylation is modulated during or possibly before the primary stage of diabetes. This observation verifies the metabolic memory effect of hyperglycaemia in early stage of an aetiological process that leads to type 2 diabetes and its associated complications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A standardized method for quantifying unidirectional genetic introgression
Authors: Karlsson Sten , Diserud Ola H. , Moen Thomas , Hindar Kjetil
Published: July 2014

Genetic introgression of domesticated to wild conspecifics is of great concern to the genetic integrity and viability of the wild populations. Therefore, we need tools that can be used for monitoring unidirectional gene flow from domesticated to wild populations. A challenge to quantitation of unidirectional gene flow is that both the donor and the recipient population may be genetically substructured and that the subpopulations are subjected to genetic drift and may exchange migrants between one another. We develop a standardized method for quantifying and monitoring domesticated to wild gene flow and demonstrate its usefulness to farm and wild Atlantic salmon as a model species. The challenge of having several wild and farm populations was circumvented by in silico generating one analytical center point for farm and wild salmon, respectively. Distributions for the probability that an individual is wild were generated from individual‐based analyses of observed wild and farm genotypes using STRUCTURE. We show that estimates of proportions of the genome being of domesticated origin in a particular wild population can be obtained without having a historical reference sample for the same population. The main advantages of the method presented are the standardized way in which genetic processes within and between populations are taken into account, and the individual‐based analyses giving estimates for each individual independent of other individuals. The method makes use of established software, and as long as genetic markers showing generic genetic differences between domesticated and wild populations are available, it can be applied to all species with unidirectional gene flow. Results from our method are easy to interpret and understand, and will serve as a powerful tool for management, especially because there is no need for a specific historical wild reference sample.
Line Loss Minimization Control in a Loop Distribution System Using Circulating Current Compensation and Reactive Current Suppression by a Unified Power Flow Controller
Authors: Yamada Kazuhei , Takeshita Takaharu , Kunii Yasuyuki , Ueda Fukashi
Published: July 2014

This paper describes line loss minimization control using the shunt and series converters of a UPFC (unified power flow controller) in a loop distribution system. The line losses in a loop distribution system are caused by the circulating current flowing in the loop and the mesh currents flowing to the loads. The authors have previously proposed a compensation method for circulating current using a series converter. In this paper, the authors propose a suppression method for reactive currents using a shunt converter. In the prototype model of a loop distribution system, a theoretical loss reduction ratio of 92% without line loss caused by active currents is obtained. Similar line loss reduction characteristics are obtained in experiments using the prototype distribution system.
Double‐Switch Series‐Resonant Cell‐Voltage Equalizer Using a Voltage Multiplier for Series‐Connected Energy Storage Cells
Authors: Uno Masatoshi , Kukita Akio
Published: July 2014

Series connections of energy storage cells, such as lithium‐ion cells and electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs), require cell‐voltage equalizers to ensure years of operation. Conventional equalizers require multiple switches, magnetic components, and/or secondary windings of a multiwinding transformer in proportion to the number of series connections, which usually makes them complex, expensive, bulky, and less extendable with increasing series connections. A double‐switch series‐resonant equalizer using a voltage multiplier is proposed in this paper. The double‐switch operation without a multiwinding transformer achieves simplified circuitry and good modularity at reduced size and cost, compared to conventional equalizers. Operational analyses were separately performed for the following two functional parts of the proposed equalizer: a series‐resonant inverter and a voltage multiplier. The mathematical analyses derived a dc‐equivalent circuit of the proposed equalizer, with which simulation analyses of even an hour's duration can be completed in an instant. Simulation analyses were separately performed for both the original and equivalent circuits. The simulation results of the derived circuit correlated well with those of the original circuit, thus verifying the derived dc‐equivalent circuit. A 5‐W prototype of the proposed equalizer was built for eight cells connected in series and an experimental equalization was performed for series‐connected EDLCs from an initially voltage‐imbalanced condition. The voltage imbalance was gradually eliminated over time, and the standard deviation in the cell voltages decreased to approximately 5 mV at the end of the experiment, thus demonstrating the equalization performance of the proposed equalizer.
Optimal Power Distribution on Decentralized Energy Networks with Battery Degradation Control
Authors: Kato Shinya , Taniguchi Ittetsu , Sakakibara Kazutoshi , Fukui Masahiro
Published: July 2014

This paper proposes an optimal power distribution method on a decentralized energy network with battery degradation control. Because battery degradation is unavoidable in battery utilization, we solve the optimal power distribution problem by an MIP formulation to keep the battery degradation to a minimum.
A Multiagent‐Based Microgrid Operation Method
Authors: Nagata Takeshi , Kato Kosuke , Utatani Masahiro , Ueda Yuji , Okamoto Kazuya , Nagata Chihiro
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we propose an autonomous microgrid operation using a multiagent approach. The proposed multiagent system consists of seven types of agent: a single microgrid controller agent (MGC), several load agents (LAGs), several gas‐turbine (gas‐engine) agents (GAGs), several photovoltaic generation agents (PVAGs), several wind‐turbine generation agents (WTAGs), several battery agents (BAGs), and a single grid agent (GridAG). In a microgrid, LAGs act as consumers or buyers, GAGs, PVAGs, and WTAGs act as producers or sellers, and BAGs act as prosumers or sellers/buyers. In order to verify the performance of the proposed system, it is applied to a simple model system with different electrical power prices. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the proposed multiagent system can perform microgrid operations efficiently.
Chronic baroreflex activation effects on sympathetic nerve traffic, baroreflex function, and cardiac haemodynamics in heart failure: a proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Gronda Edoardo , Seravalle Gino , Brambilla Gianmaria , Costantino Giuseppe , Casini Andrea , Alsheraei Ali , Lovett Eric G. , Mancia Giuseppe , Grassi Guido
Published: July 2014

Aims

Heart failure (HF) pathophysiology is believed to be mediated by autonomic dysfunction, including chronic sympathoexcitation and diminished baroreflex sensitivity, which correlate with mortality risk. Baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) is a device‐based treatment providing chronic baroreflex activation through electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus. BAT chronically reduces sympathetic activity in resistant hypertension. The purpose of this investigation is to determine BAT effects in clinical HF.

Methods and results

In a single‐centre, open‐label evaluation, patients with NYHA class III HF, EF <40%, optimized medical therapy, and ineligible for cardiac resynchronization received BAT for 6 months. Efficacy was assessed with serial measurement of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and clinical measures of quality of life and functional capacity. Eleven patients participated in the trial. MSNA was reduced over 6 months from 45.1 ± 7.7 to 31.3 ± 8.3 bursts/min and from 67.6 ± 12.7 to 45.1 ± 11.6 bursts/100 heartbeats, decreases of 31% and 33%, respectively (P < 0.01). Concomitant improvements occurred in baroreflex sensitivity, EF, NYHA class, quality of life and 6 min hall walk (6MHW) distance (P ≤ 0.05 each). On an observational basis, hospitalization and emergency department visits for worsening HF were markedly reduced. One complication, perioperative anaemia requiring transfusion, occurred during the study.

Conclusion

BAT was safe and provided chronic improvement in MSNA and clinical variables. Based on present understanding of HF pathophysiology, these results suggest that BAT may improve outcome in HF by modulating autonomic balance. Prospective, randomized trials to test the hypothesis are warranted.
Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Blue‐Emitting Zinc(II) Complexes with 3‐Aryl‐Substituted 1‐Pyridylimidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine Ligands
Authors: Ardizzoia G. Attilio , Brenna Stefano , Durini Sara , Therrien Bruno , Veronelli Mattia
Published: July 2014

Six zinc(II) complexes of the general formula [Zn(LR)X2] (1: R = Me, X = Cl; 2: R = Me, X = Br; 3: R = Me, X = I; 4: R = OH, X = Cl; 5: R = OH, X = Br; 6: R = OH, X = I), in which LR is 1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐3‐o‐tolylimidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine (LMe) or 2‐[1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridin‐3‐yl]phenol (LOH), have been prepared and characterized. The X‐ray structural analysis performed on complexes 1, 3, and 4 showed that both LMe and LOH act as N,N‐bidentate ligands and coordinate to the ZnII metal center through the pyridine ring (Npy) and the pyridine‐like nitrogen atom of the imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine group (Nim). The photophysical properties of these compounds have been investigated, both in solution and in the solid state. The complexes showed intense blue luminescence when excited with UV light (λexc = 366–410 nm) with λmax of emission between 440–460 nm in the solid state. Complexes 1–3 showed moderate‐to‐good absolute photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) in the solid state with a maximum PLQY of 0.40 for 1. These values were slightly lower than the PLQY of free LMe (0.60). On the other hand, the PLQY of LOH increased after coordination to ZnCl2, and a PLQY of 0.29 was recorded for 4. A possible interpretation of this behavior is reported.
Synthesis of Atomically Precise Silver Clusters by Using the Miscibility Principle
Authors: Ghosh Atanu , Pradeep Thalappil
Published: July 2014

A new strategy to synthesize a diverse array of organic‐soluble, atomically precise silver clusters has been developed. The technique is based on the miscibility principle of solvents and uses no phase‐transfer agents; various clusters of masses 8.0, 13.4, 22.8, 29.2, and 34.4 kDa were synthesized by changing the reactant composition. We have also synthesized the well‐known Au25(SR)18 cluster by the same method. Among the silver clusters formed, we have studied the new 13.4 kDa species, which has unique steplike features in its UV/Vis spectrum, in detail by mass spectrometry and other analytical techniques. The compound has been assigned as Ag68(SR)34, which is reported for the first time. By time‐dependent studies, we have shown that the synthetic route follows the bottom‐up approach. The material forms microcrystals. We hope that the proposed synthetic strategy will extend the area of atomically precise clusters.
Total Synthesis of Dictyodendrins B and E, and Formal Synthesis of Dictyodendrin C
Authors: Tao Pengyu , Liang Jingjing , Jia Yanxing
Published: July 2014

A full account of the concise total syntheses of dictyodendrins B and E, and the formal synthesis of dictyodendrin C are described. A palladium‐catalysed Larock indole synthesis was used to form the highly substituted indole core, and a palladium‐mediated one‐pot consecutive Buchwald–Hartwig amination/C–H activation reaction was used to construct the key pyrrolo[2,3‐c]carbazole core. Unsuccessful synthetic strategies are also discussed.