bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of a Hospital-Based School Liaison Program: A Comparative Study of Parental Perception of School Supports for Children With Pediatric Cancer and Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Northman Lisa , Morris Marybeth , Loucas Caitlyn , Ross Sarah , Muriel Anna C. , Guo Dongjing , London Wendy B. , Manley Peter , Ullrich Nicole J.
Published: March 2018

Childhood survivors of central nervous system (CNS) cancers (defined as cancers whose diagnosis or treatment affect the CNS) are at increased risk for educational related difficulties, as are children affected by neurofibromatosis type 1. This study evaluated the effectiveness of and satisfaction with a model of psychoeducation, consultation, and advocacy provided by a School Liaison Program (SLP) for families and schools of children with CNS-involved cancers compared with a control group of parents of children with a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 who did not receive school-based services. Results indicated significant between-group differences in parents’ belief that their child is meeting academic potential, with parents who received SLP services reporting greater satisfaction with their child’s progress, better understanding of their child’s learning needs, and an increased ability to access school supports. The strong, positive impact associated with the consultation, psychoeducation, and parental advocacy training provided by the SLP suggests that a similar model of care would potentially benefit other groups of children whose neurocognitive functioning is compromised by chronic medical conditions.
Revisiting the Housing–Health Relationship for HIV-Positive Persons: Qualitative Evidence From the Lower Manya Krobo District, Ghana
Authors: Teye-kau Mabel , Tenkorang Eric Y. , Adjei Paul B.
Published: March 2018

The relationship between housing and HIV infection is complex. On one hand, poor housing arrangements may affect the health of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs). On the other hand, PLWHAs may be more likely to live in substandard homes because of their health. We used qualitative in-depth individual interviews of 38 PLWHAs attending voluntary counseling services at two government hospitals in the Lower Manya Krobo District (LMKD) in the Eastern region of Ghana to examine their housing and health outcomes. Results show that the majority of PLWHAs lived in homes that lacked basic amenities, were overcrowded, had structural deficiencies, and were noisy and dirty. They suffered from poor housing conditions mainly because of their HIV serostatus, as this affected their ability to finance adequate homes, while HIV-related stigmatization led to eviction from either family homes or rented facilities.
Living a Life Full of Pain: Older Pain Clinic Patients’ Experience of Living With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Stensland Meredith , Sanders Sara
Published: March 2018

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is older adults’ most common pain complaint and is associated with many physical and psychosocial consequences, which have been quantitatively examined. However, little research has qualitatively examined the experience itself of CLBP in later life. Study objective was to understand older adults’ lived CLBP experience. Guided by van Manen’s phenomenological method, 21 pain clinic patients aged 66 to 83 completed semistructured interviews. Under the main theme “living a life full of pain,” results are reflected in four existential subthemes: (a) Corporeality: The pain is relentless and constantly monitored, (b) Temporality: To live with pain is to live by pacing day and night, (c) Relationality: Pain creates limits that can be tested or obeyed, and (d) Spatiality: Manipulating the space around me to accommodate the pain. Findings improve understanding of the patient experience of late life CLBP and highlights the importance of empathy and patient-centeredness when treating older adults.
Effect of Ankle Position on Tibiotalar Motion With Screw Fixation of the Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis in a Fracture Model
Authors: Pallis Mark P. , Pressman David N. , Heida Kenneth , Nicholson Tyler , Ishikawa Susan
Published: March 2018

Background:

Anatomic reduction and fixation of the syndesmosis in traumatic injuries is paramount in restoring function of the tibiotalar joint. While overcompression is a potential error, recent work has called into question whether ankle position during fixation really matters in this regard. Our study aimed to corroborate more recent findings using a fracture model that, to our knowledge, has not been previously tested.

Methods:

Twenty cadaver leg specimens were obtained and prepared. Each was tested for tibiotalar motion under various conditions: intact syndesmosis, intact syndesmosis with lag screw compression, pronation external rotation type 4 (PER-4) ankle fracture with syndesmotic disruption, and single-screw syndesmotic fixation followed by plate and screw fracture and syndesmotic screw fixation. In each situation, the ankle was held in alternating plantarflexion and dorsiflexion when inserting the syndesmotic screw with the subsequent amount of maximal dorsiflexion being recorded following hand-tight lag screw fixation.

Results:

While ankle range of motion increased significantly with creation of the PER-4 injury, under no condition was there a statistically significant change in maximal dorsiflexion angle.

Conclusion:

Ankle position during distal tibiofibular syndesmosis fixation did not limit dorsiflexion of the ankle joint.

Clinical Relevance:

Our findings suggest that maximal dorsiflexion during syndesmotic screw fixation may not be necessary.
Comparison of Plantar Fasciitis Injected With Platelet-Rich Plasma vs Corticosteroids
Authors: Jain Sumit Kumar , Suprashant Kumar , Kumar Sanjeev , Yadav Arun , Kearns Stephen R.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain. This prospective study compared the efficacy of local injection of corticosteroids vs platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of plantar fasciitis.

Methods:

Patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 40 each (group A and group B). Patients were treated with local corticosteroid injection in group A and autologous PRP injection in group B. Clinical assessment was done prior to the injection and at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months following the injection, which included visual analog pain scale, subjective rating using the modified Roles and Maudsley score, functional outcome score by the Foot and Ankle Outcome Instrument (FAI) core scale, and the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale. Radiological assessment was done by measuring the thickness of the plantar fascia using ultrasonography. The mean age, sex, and body mass index of both groups were comparable.

Results:

Postinjection, there was significant improvement of visual analog score, modified Roles and Maudsley score, FAI core scale, AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, and plantar fascia thickness in both the groups. However, with the numbers available, no significant difference in improvement could be detected between the above-mentioned variables in the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

We found that the treatment of plantar fasciitis with steroid or PRP injection was equally effective.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective randomized comparative series.
Returning Home: Reducing Recidivism for Juvenile Offenders With Disabilities Through Transition Planning
Authors: Miller Alexandra A. , Therrien William J.
Published: March 2018

Youth with disabilities are dramatically overrepresented in the juvenile justice system. These individuals have poorer outcomes compared with their nondisabled peers regarding school graduation, employment, and recidivism. This discussion article explores issues related to transition and outlines research-based practices aimed at increasing postrelease community engagement and decreasing the likelihood of rearrest. Three phases of transition are identified as well as key components, practices, and personnel that can guide transition from initial intake through reentry.
Scientists Joking on Social Media: An Empirical Analysis of #overlyhonestmethods
Authors: Simis-Wilkinson Molly , Madden Haley , Lassen David , Su Leona Yi-Fan , Brossard Dominique , Scheufele Dietram A. , Xenos Michael A.
Published: March 2018

The #overlyhonestmethods trend on Twitter is a space used by many scientists to peel back the curtain on their work and share observations and insights into the research world. We employ computer-assisted coding to assess the themes of 58,125 #overlyhonestmethods posts from January 7, 2013—the hashtag’s inception—to January 6, 2016. We additionally manually code a random sample of the census of tweets to evaluate the types of humor employed, as well as the targets of jokes and exclusivity of language. We offer analyses of this self-deprecating, insider conversation and an assessment of the associated ethical implications.
The Displacement Risks and Impacts of Hong Kong’s Nonindigenous Villagers: A Grounded Theory Analysis
Authors: Castro Campos Bente , Liao Kuei-Hsien , Yiu Edward Chung Yim
Published: March 2018

Land resumption in Hong Kong, which involves involuntary displacement in contemporary development projects, deliberately targets nonindigenous villages, where many residents are landless farmers. In this article, we examine the risks and impacts associated with such displacement of the nonindigenous villagers through a grounded theory approach. Interviews were conducted with nonindigenous villagers who were either in a pre- or in a post-relocation state as well as with activists who condemn the current development projects in Hong Kong. Our major findings are that displacement risks and impacts of the nonindigenous villagers can be understood against the background of five interrelated factors: marginalization by nonindigenous status, demographic characteristics, economic impacts, mental health, and community attachment. Displacement loss unfolds particularly strong for the landless, often elderly, farmers. While Hong Kong is a highly developed area, its nonindigenous villagers largely face the negative outcomes of development projects, similar to the landless people in the developing world.
Textural and physical properties of retort processed rice noodles: Influence of chilling and partial substitution of rice flour with pregelatinized high-amylose maize starch
Authors: Lubowa Muhammad , Yeoh Shin Y , Easa Azhar M
Published: March 2018

This study investigated the influence of pregelatinized high-amylose maize starch and chilling treatment on the physical and textural properties of canned rice noodles thermally processed in a retort. Rice noodles were prepared from rice flour partially substituted with pregelatinized high-amylose maize starch (Hylon VII™) in the ratios 0, 5, 10, and 15% (wt/wt). High-amylose maize starch improved the texture and brightness of fresh (not retorted) noodles. Chilling treatment led to significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvement in the texture of fresh noodles at all levels of substitution with high-amylose starch. The highest hardness was recorded at 15% amylose level in chilled nonretorted noodles. Retort processing induced a major loss of quality through water absorption, retort cooking loss, decreased noodle hardness, and lightness. However, the results showed that amylose and chilling treatment positively reduced the impact of retorting. For each level of amylose substitution, a low retort cooking loss and increased noodle hardness were associated with a chilling treatment. For both chilled and nonchilled noodles, retort cooking loss and hardness increased with increasing levels of amylose substitution.
Statin prescription rates and their facility-level variation in patients with peripheral artery disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease: Insights from the Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: McBride Cameron L , Akeroyd Julia M , Ramsey David J , Nambi Vijay , Nasir Khurram , Michos Erin D , Bush Ruth L , Jneid Hani , Morris Pamela B , Bittner Vera A , Ballantyne Christie M , Petersen Laura A , Virani Salim S
Published: March 2018

The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cholesterol guideline recommends moderate to high-intensity statin therapy in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD). We examined frequency and facility-level variation in any statin prescription and in guideline-concordant statin prescriptions in patients with PAD and ICVD receiving primary care in 130 facilities across the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system between October 2013 and September 2014. Guideline-concordant statin intensity was defined as the prescription of high-intensity statins in patients with PAD or ICVD ≤75 years and at least moderate-intensity statins in those >75 years. We calculated median rate ratios (MRR) after adjusting for patient demographic factors to assess the magnitude of facility-level variation in statin prescribing patterns independent of patient characteristics. Among 194,151 PAD patients, 153,438 patients (79.0%) were prescribed any statin and 79,435 (40.9%) were prescribed a guideline-concordant intensity of statin. PAD patients without ischemic heart disease were prescribed any statin and a guideline-concordant intensity of statin therapy less frequently (69.1% and 28.9%, respectively). Among 339,771 ICVD patients, 265,491 (78.1%) were prescribed any statin and 136,430 (40.2%) were prescribed a guideline-concordant intensity of statin. ICVD patients without ischemic heart disease were prescribed any statin and a guideline-concordant intensity of statin less frequently (70.9% and 30.5%, respectively). MRRs for both PAD and ICVD patients demonstrated a 20% and 28% variation among two facilities in treating two identical patients with statin therapy and guideline-concordant intensity of statin therapy, respectively. The prescription of statins, especially guideline-recommended intensity of statin therapy, is suboptimal in PAD and ICVD patients, with significant facility-level variation not explained by patient-level factors.
Memory bias toward emotional information in burnout and depression
Authors: Bianchi Renzo , Laurent Eric , Schonfeld Irvin Sam , Bietti Lucas M , Mayor Eric
Published: March 2018

A sample of 1015 educational staff members, exhibiting various levels of burnout and depressive symptoms, underwent a memory test involving incident encoding of positive and negative words and a free recall task. Burnout and depression were each found to be associated with increased recall of negative items and decreased recall of positive items. Results remained statistically significant when controlling for history of depressive disorders. Burnout and depression were not related to mistakes in the reported words, or to the overall number of recalled words. This study suggests that burnout and depression overlap in terms of memory biases toward emotional information.
The effect of bidialectalism on executive function
Authors: Poarch Gregory J , Vanhove Jan , Berthele Raphael
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectives:

We investigate how varying usage patterns in speakers of closely related language varieties might impact executive function. More specifically, bidialectals with more balanced usage were predicted to show better inhibitory control than less balanced bidialectals.

Design:

Thirty-four adult bidialectals of Standard German and Swabian German performed two executive function tasks (flanker and Simon).

Data and analysis:

The participants’ reaction times on the two executive function tasks were analysed using regression models. Data and R code are available online.

Findings:

Contrary to predictions, Swabian-dominant bidialectals showed smaller flanker and Simon effects than balanced German-Swabian bidialectals. Furthermore, contrary to some previous studies, executive function task performances correlated significantly.

Originality:

We discuss how bidialectal language usage patterns can be assessed and how arbitrary analytical decisions affect findings regarding the effects of bidialectalism on executive function.

Significance:

These findings shed a new light on the effects of bilingualism/bidialectalism on executive function.
Size effect on axial behavior of concrete-filled box columns
Authors: Wu Ming-Chang , Chen Chien-Chung , Chen Cheng-Cheng
Published: March 2018

The use of concrete-filled box columns could provide an economical alternative to building and bridge construction. Past experimental results showed that current building codes provided an adequate accuracy in determining axial capacity of such composite members. However, the sizes of the previously studied test specimens were mostly smaller than those for practical applications. As the column size increases, the size effect may become significant. Therefore, the applicability of extrapolating those test results to larger concrete-filled box columns needs to be justified. This study was devoted to investigating the potential size effect on axial behavior of concrete-filled box columns. Six short square concrete-filled box columns, with cross-sectional dimensions ranging from 300 to 750 mm, were tested under axial loading. Comparisons between experimental and analytical results were presented. It was observed that the size effect was prominent for the concrete-filled box columns studied herein. The results of this study showed that current design codes overestimated the axial capacity of the test columns with a dimension of 750 mm. In addition, finite element simulations of the axially loaded specimens were conducted to investigate the stress–strain behaviors of the concrete enclosed in different sizes of steel box columns. Results from the finite element analysis suggested that the larger steel box columns were less effective in enhancing the compressive strength of the enclosed concrete than smaller steel box columns.
Capitalising on ageing anxieties: Promissory discourse and the creation of an ‘anti-ageing treatment’ market
Authors: Petersen Alan
Published: March 2018

Long portrayed as a potential economic burden, population ageing is increasingly viewed as offering new marketing opportunities. This is perhaps nowhere more evident than in the market of ‘anti-ageing treatments’ (AATs). Over the last two decades, this market has rapidly expanded to encompass a vast variety of products that are advertised for their promise to prevent, delay, reverse or mask the effects of ageing. Drawing on ideas from economic sociology and science and technology studies, this article explores the character, foundations and operations of the promissory discourse that underpins the AAT market. It is argued that this discourse rests upon assumptions about the operations of markets and about how consumer products are ascribed value that are problematic and exploit the anxieties that surround ageing and self-responsibility for health. It is a discourse that serves to reinforce the commodification of ageing and ageism. The article concludes by suggesting that, while the promissory discourse of AATs will be difficult to sustain over the longer term, since what is promised mostly cannot be delivered, its personal and societal impacts over the short to medium term are likely to be profound.
The duration effect of head start enrolment on parents
Authors: Lee Kyunghee
Published: March 2018

In light of Head Start’s recent move toward longer program implementations, the current study examined whether the duration of Head Start enrollment impacts outcomes for parents: parental involvement in school, perceived helpfulness of social support, and use of formal social services.

Findings

Linear mixed model analyses examined whether parental outcomes differed depending on the number of years enrolled in Head Start. Parents whose child enrolled more years in Head Start were more likely to participate in their children’s schools and received more helpful social support than those whose child enrolled in fewer years of Head Start. No difference was found for formal social service use depending on longer duration of Head Start enrollment. Minority status, household risk factors, and non-English speaking were negatively associated with parental outcomes.

Applications

Early intervention programs, such as Head Start, should recruit eligible low-income families earlier for longer participation on family-focused programs.
Where and when is support for vocabulary development occurring in preschool classrooms?
Authors: Dwyer Julie , Harbaugh Allen G
Published: March 2018

This study investigates how eight public, centre-based preschool teachers working with low-income children are using different activity settings and content foci to support one aspect of academic language: vocabulary development. Findings indicate that, on average, when teachers engaged children in teacher-led, whole group activities, read-alouds, morning meetings and interactions that focused on science content, they provided a relatively dense vocabulary learning experience. However, there were stark differences between teachers in the amount of support they were providing in these activity settings and content foci – some teachers were frequently supporting vocabulary learning, whereas others were providing almost no support. In contrast, during informal activity settings, such as free play, transitions and mealtimes, there was very little variability across teachers – all teachers were providing very little support for vocabulary learning during these activity settings, despite the fact that these activities comprised more than half of observational time. Findings suggest that while some preschool teachers were using certain activity settings and content foci to support vocabulary learning, all teachers in this sample were missing many opportunities to provide support for vocabulary development. Recommendations for early childhood educators and professional development providers are discussed.
It begins with the bombs: operationalizing violence at a Vietnamese dark tourism site
Authors: Gillen Jamie
Published: March 2018

This article presents the operationalization of violence in dark tourism through repeated visits to a prominent state-operated tourist site in southern Vietnam called the Cu Chi tunnels complex. I argue that this operationalization occurs because dark tourism plays on the violent performances of the extraordinary and everyday. In making this argument, I encourage both a recuperation of the exceptional aspects of the dark tourism experience and a continued appreciation of dark tourism’s routine characteristics. A performative relationship between the remarkable and the familiar brings the operationalization of violence more closely into conversation with dark tourism in Asia, a field and a region more attuned to memorialization and commemoration than with tourist enactments of violence.
International Mindedness in Practice: The Evidence from International Baccalaureate Schools
Authors: Hacking Elisabeth Barratt , Blackmore Chloe , Bullock Kate , Bunnell Tristan , Donnelly Michael , Martin Susan
Published: March 2018

International Mindedness is an overarching construct related to multilingualism, intercultural understanding and global engagement (Hill, 2012). The concept is central to the International Baccalaureate (IB) and sits at the heart of its education policies and programmes. The aim of this research study was to examine systematically how schools offering International Baccalaureate programmes (so-called IB World Schools) conceptualise, develop, assess and evaluate International Mindedness (IM), and to understand related challenges and problems, with a view to improving practice in schools. Nine case study schools, identified as being strongly engaged with IM, were selected for in-depth scrutiny of their practice and thinking related to IM. Conclusions from this study will also inform on-going debate on other similar global initiatives.
A Description and Evaluation of the Concussion Education Application HEADS UP Rocket Blades
Authors: Daugherty Jill , Miles Isa , Sarmiento Kelly , Sansone Cristina , Kroshus Emily , Bethea Brittaney
Published: March 2018

Background. Concussions are responsible for numerous emergency department visits and hospitalizations among children annually. However, there remains a great deal of confusion about how to prevent and manage concussions in youth. To teach children aged 6 to 8 years about concussion safety, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) created a mobile gaming application called HEADS UP Rocket Blades. This report introduces the game and presents findings on its evaluation. Methods. The aim of the game is to teach children what a concussion is, its commons signs and symptoms, how to prevent one, and what to do if one occurs. An early version of the game went through two rounds of usability testing with children and parents to obtain initial impressions and make improvements. Results. The first round of usability testing focused on the mechanics of the game. Based on feedback from this session, CDC and the developers simplified the messaging and adjusted the game’s level of difficulty. The second round focused on the gaming experience. The children indicated that they enjoyed playing, and nearly all were able to relay at least one learning objective. Conclusions. Parents and children rated Rocket Blades as a good learning tool and indicated that they would download it for personal use.
Position-specific performance profiles, using predictive classification models in senior basketball
Authors: Pion Johan , Segers Veerle , Stautemas Jan , Boone Jan , Lenoir Matthieu , Bourgois Jan G
Published: March 2018

Basketball players display different performance characteristics when in different playing positions. Traditional statistical techniques such as Multivariate Analyses of Variance (MANOVA's) are insufficient when predicting specific positions. Alternatively linear statistical models, such as discriminant analysis, have been used. Recently non-linear statistical methods have been introduced into sport science via artificial neural networks that have been proven to have high potential. This study will seek to identify whether artificial neural networks are capable of providing additional insights with regards to the position-specific characteristics found in basketball. A total of 150 Belgian elite players performed physical and physiological tests in the preseason phase. Linear and non-linear predictive models were applied. Discriminant analysis and multi-layer perceptron analysis were able to position, respectively, 92 and 88% of the players correctly. The results of the variable importance analysis demonstrated that the positions clearly differentiated from each other. Herein, weight was the most important factor. Secondly the shuttle run, the speed at anaerobic threshold and the sprint time between 5 and 10 m (respectively, 93.2; 85.0 and 79.5% importance of weight) were important factors. The current study showed that basketball positions clearly differentiate elite Belgian basketball players based solely on basketball independent tests.
Clinical assessment of immune-related adverse events
Authors: Sosa Aaron , Lopez Cadena Esther , Simon Olive Cristina , Karachaliou Niki , Rosell Rafael
Published: March 2018

Immunotherapy through checkpoint inhibitors is now standard practice for a growing number of cancer types, supported by overall improvement of clinical outcomes and better tolerance. One anti-CTLA-4 antibody (ipilimumab), two anti-PD-1 antibodies (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) and three anti-PD-L1 antibodies (atezolizumab, avelumab and durvalumab) have been approved for clear benefits across diverse trials. Adverse events of an immune nature associated with these agents frequently affect the skin, colon, endocrine glands, lungs and liver. Most of these effects are mild and can be managed through transient immunosuppression with corticosteroids, but high-grade events often require hospitalization and specialized treatment. However, since immunotherapy is recent, physicians with clinical experience in the diagnosis and management of immune toxicities are frequently those who actively participated in trials, but many practicing oncologists are still not familiarized with the assessment of these events. This review focuses on the incidence, diagnostic assessment and recommended management of the most relevant immune-related adverse events.
Sarcoid-like reaction associated with lung adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Tan Qiao Li , Leow Leong Chai , Haja Mohideen Salahudeen Mohamed , Sewa Duu Wen
Published: March 2018

A 71-year-old woman with a history of left lower lobe lobectomy 4 years ago for adenocarcinoma of the lung presented with new mediastinal and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on surveillance imaging, suspicious for disease recurrence. She underwent an endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of the lymph nodes and histology yielded non-necrotizing epithelioid granulomas with no evidence of malignancy. A diagnosis of sarcoid-like reaction associated with lung adenocarcinoma was made. The significance of this rare condition is discussed.
Results of catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute ilio-femoral deep venous thrombosis – A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Madsen Christina P , Gesla Jerzy , Vijdea Radu L , Serifi Maria A , Christensen Johnny K , Houlind Kim
Published: March 2018

Background

Catheter-directed thrombolysis may prevent post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with ilio-femoral deep venous thrombosis. We performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected follow-up data to evaluate the results of catheter-directed thrombolysis at our institution.

Method

Patients admitted for venous thrombolysis were included in the study and their files screened for information regarding results and technical aspects of treatment and patient status on follow-up. A catheter was inserted under imaging guidance into the thrombosed vein. Through the catheter tissue plasminogen activator was administered. Daily catheter-based venographies were performed to monitor progression in thrombus resolution. After thrombolysis flow-limiting stenosis was stented. Patients started wearing compression stockings and were started on oral anticoagulant therapy. Follow-up visits with ultrasound, magnetic resonance venography and clinical assessment were scheduled at six weeks and three, six, 12 and 24 months.

Results

A total of 48 patients underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis, including 36 female patients. Median age was 28 years. Complete lysis of the thrombus was achieved in 43 cases and partial lysis in two cases and 26 stents were placed. No deaths or life-threatening bleeding events occurred. Thirty-two of the patients who achieved full lysis and were followed up remained patent at follow-up. At 12 months seven patients had symptoms of post-thrombotic syndrome.

Conclusion

Catheter-directed thrombolysis represents a safe and effective alternative to systemic anticoagulative treatment of deep venous thrombosis with rapid resolution of the thrombus and few complications. Long-term patency shows good validity and this study suggests that catheter-directed thrombolysis is effective in preventing post-thrombotic syndrome.
Real‐world management of juvenile autoimmune liver disease
Authors: de Boer Y S , Liberal R , Vergani D , Mieli-Vergani G
Published: March 2018

Background and aims

Juvenile autoimmune liver disease (JAILD) includes paediatric forms of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC). Since evidence is scarce, there are currently no evidence‐based management guidelines for juvenile AIH. This survey was carried out amongst the paediatric members of the International AIH Group (IAIHG) to describe their practices in the management of JAILD.

Methods

An online survey questionnaire was distributed to members of the IAIHG with active practice (https://www.surveymonkey.de/r/Juvenile_AILD). The questionnaire consisted of four clinical scenarios on different presentations of AIH.

Results

Fifty‐eight surveys were sent to the IAIHG members, out of which 43 (74%, 22 countries, four continents) were returned. None reported budesonide as a first‐line induction agent for the acute presentation of AIH. Sixteen (37%) routinely perform liver biopsy at three years of biochemical remission. Thirty‐five respondents (81%) perform magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) at presentation. Ciclosporin is the most widely used second‐line agent (number of patients treated = ∼360, 21 centres). Mycophenolate mofetil (n = ∼225, 31 centres), tacrolimus (n = ∼130, 21 centres) and sirolimus (n = ∼5, 3 centres) are less often reported. Rescue therapy with infliximab and rituximab has been tried in eight centres (n = ∼19) and nine centres (n = ∼16), respectively.

Conclusions

Prednisolone remains the preferred first‐line induction agent in JAILD. MRC at presentation is performed by the large majority of participants. Participants reported a wide variation in performing liver biopsy for therapy evaluation during follow‐up. Within the paediatric members of the IAIHG there is considerable experience with second‐line therapeutic agents.
Clostridium difficile Colitis Leading to Reactive Arthritis: A Rare Complication Associated With a Common Disease
Authors: Marwat Asghar , Mehmood Hassan , Hussain Ali , Khan Muzammil , Ullah Asad , Joshi Medha
Published: March 2018

The relationship between reactive arthritis and enteric infections caused by Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter jejuni, and Salmonella typhimurium is well documented. Clostridium difficile colitis is a less recognized cause of reactive arthritis. We present a case of a 58-year-old woman with Clostridium difficile colitis complicated by reactive arthritis. A 58-year-old woman with no significant past medical history presented to our hospital with complaints of nonbloody watery diarrhea, abdominal pain for the past 1 week, and right knee pain starting 1 day prior. The patient had recently used antibiotics for a respiratory tract infection. On examination, the patient had a swollen and erythematous right knee. While in the hospital the patient also developed a similarly painful and swollen left knee. The patient was found to be positive for C difficile toxin in stool. Synovial fluid analysis of both the knee joints revealed a sterile and inflammatory fluid, negative for crystals and showing no growth on gram stain. We diagnosed the patient with reactive arthritis secondary to C difficile colitis once all other causes of the bilateral knee joint symptoms were ruled out with appropriate laboratory and imaging studies. Treatment with oral vancomycin and an anti-inflammatory was initiated, and the patient had complete resolution of symptoms. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing C difficile colitis as a potential differential for reactive arthritis under the appropriate circumstances. The treatment of reactive arthritis is mainly supportive and treating the underlying cause, which happens to be C difficile in this case.
A Comparative Assessment of Hillary Clinton’s 2016 Presidential Race
Authors: Jalalzai Farida
Published: March 2018

This article assesses how Hillary Clinton’s 2016 presidential loss conforms to established findings within the gender and politics literature about the difficulties women face in running for presidential office. In many ways, Clinton’s loss was predictable, though at times she defied the conventional wisdom. The presidential glass ceiling remains fully intact in the United States now and perhaps the foreseeable future.
“Coming Out of My Shell”: Motherleaders Contesting Fear, Vulnerability, and Despair through Family-focused Community Organizing
Authors: Cossyleon Jennifer E.
Published: March 2018

Women’s political engagements often look different from those of men, and they are also undertheorized and understudied. The author examines how participation in family-focused community organizing shapes women’s lives, self-perceptions, and relationships. Using 15 months of participant observations of organizing activities and 40 interviews with parent organizers the author calls motherleaders, the author demonstrates how family-focused community organizing shapes participants’ lives in ways that help them leave “shells” of fear, vulnerability, and despair within their often marginalized lives as women of color, recent immigrants, and low-income mothers. The personal narratives of motherleaders demonstrate how their collective action transcends publicly stated formal organizational goals and powerfully affects them in life-altering ways. It is important that scholars seriously consider the intersecting identities of collective action participants, the meanings participants construct of and through “politics,” and the power of collective action to transform the lives of marginalized groups.
Ratchets and See-Saws: Divergent Institutional Patterns in Women’s Political Representation
Authors: Scherpereel John A. , Adams Melinda , Jacob Suraj
Published: March 2018

Women’s representation in legislative and executive offices has increased in recent decades. We show, though, that while global legislative and executive trend lines have positive slopes, the two institutions experience distinctive temporal dynamics. When levels of women’s legislative representation rise, they tend not to slip back beyond their newly achieved level—women’s legislative representation tends to be characterized by a ratchet effect. This effect is relatively rare in cabinets, where increases in women’s representation are often followed by decreases. We call the latter phenomenon the see-saw effect: Countries experience one or more steps back for every step forward. These differences have normative and analytical implications. Normatively, we suggest that cabinet see-sawing is particularly problematic when domestic power balances are weighted toward executives. Analytically, we encourage researchers to use indicators of women’s empowerment that account for time and inter-institutional balances and identify factors that affect cross-country variation in temporal trends.
Him, Not Her: Why Working-class White Men Reluctant about Trump Still Made Him President of the United States
Authors: Francis Robert D.
Published: March 2018

There are many hypotheses for why working-class white men supported Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton by such a large margin (71 percent to 23 percent), yet little systematic qualitative work has been done on how these men understood their votes. On the basis of interviews with 20 white, working-class men from rural Pennsylvania, the author finds that many of these men expressed concerns about both candidates, yet most who voted still chose Trump. Why? The men described the choice as one between a business-minded outsider and an entrenched politician, yet the decisive factor for most was simply that Clinton was more objectionable, often for reasons beyond her policies. This finding suggests that aversion to Clinton, rather than the appeal of Trump, might be a more complete explanation for Trump’s margin of victory among white, working-class men.
Gender, Punishment, and Cooperation: Men Hurt Others to Advance Their Interests
Authors: Burnham Terence C.
Published: March 2018

A laboratory experiment reports on gender, cooperation, and punishment in two public goods games using high-powered punishment. In a public goods games with punishment, no statistically significant differences between men and women are reported. In a modified game that includes an explicit payoff for relative performance, men punish more than women, men obtain higher rank, and punishment by males decreases payoffs for both men and women. These results contribute to the debate about the origins and maintenance of cooperation.
Small Hands, Nasty Women, and Bad Hombres: Hegemonic Masculinity and Humor in the 2016 Presidential Election
Authors: Smirnova Michelle
Published: March 2018

Given that the president is thought to be the national representative, presidential campaigns often reflect the efforts to define a national identity and collective values. Political humor provides a unique lens through which to explore how identity figures into national politics given that the critique of an intended target is often made through popular cultural scripts that often inadvertently reify the very power structures they seek to subvert. In conducting an analysis of 240 tweets, memes, and political cartoons from the 2016 U.S. presidential election targeting the two frontrunners, Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, we see how popular political humor often reaffirmed heteronormative assumptions of gender, sexuality, and race and equated scripts of hegemonic masculinity with presidential ability. In doing so, these discourses reified a patriarchal power structure.
Examining Trends in Cost and Clinical Benefit of Novel Anticancer Drugs Over Time
Authors: Saluja Ronak , Arciero Vanessa S. , Cheng Sierra , McDonald Erica , Wong William W.L. , Cheung Matthew C. , Chan Kelvin K.W.
Published: March 2018

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine if clinical benefits of novel anticancer drugs, measured by the ASCO Value Framework and European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale, have increased over time in parallel with increasing costs.

Methods:

Anticancer drugs from phase III randomized controlled trials cited for clinical efficacy evidence in drug approvals between January 2006 to December 2015 were identified and scored using both frameworks. For each drug, the monthly price and incremental anticancer drug costs were calculated. Relationships between cost and year of approval were examined using generalized linear regressions models. Ordinary least square models were used to evaluate relationships between ASCO and ESMO scores and year of approval. Spearman correlation coefficients between costs and clinical benefit scores were calculated.

Results:

In total, 42 randomized controlled trials were included. Both monthly prices and incremental anticancer drug costs were significantly associated with year of approval and showed an average annual increase of 9% and 21%, respectively. The predicted mean incremental anticancer drug cost increased from $30,447 in 2006 to $161,141 in 2015 (greater than five-fold increase). Both ASCO and ESMO scores were not statistically associated with year of approval or correlated with monthly prices or incremental anticancer drug costs.

Conclusion:

Over the past decade, costs of novel oncology drugs have increased, while clinical benefits of these medications have not experienced a proportional positive change. The incremental anticancer drug costs have increased at a much greater rate than monthly prices, indicating that the increase in anticancer drug costs may be higher than commonly reported.
Embodying the Sacred
Authors: van Deusen Nancy E.
Published: March 2018

In seventeenth-century Lima, pious Catholic women gained profound theological understanding and enacted expressions of spiritual devotion by engaging with a wide range of sacred texts and objects, as well as with one another, their families, and ecclesiastical authorities. In Embodying the Sacred, Nancy E. van Deusen considers how women created and navigated a spiritual existence within the colonial city's complex social milieu. Through close readings of diverse primary sources, van Deusen shows that these women recognized the divine—or were objectified as conduits of holiness—in innovative and powerful ways: dressing a religious statue, performing charitable acts, sharing interiorized spiritual visions, constructing autobiographical texts, or offering their hair or fingernails to disciples as living relics. In these manifestations of piety, each of these women transcended the limited outlets available to them for expressing and enacting their faith in colonial Lima, and each transformed early modern Catholicism in meaningful ways.
International Recessions
Authors: Perri Fabrizio , Quadrini Vincenzo
Published: March 2018

Macro developments leading up to the 2008 crisis displayed an unprecedented degree of international synchronization. Before the crisis, all G7 countries experienced credit growth and, around the time of the Lehman bankruptcy, they all faced sharp and large contractions in both real and financial activity. Using a two-country model with financial frictions, we show that a global liquidity shortage induced by pessimistic self-fulfilling expectations can quantitatively generate patterns like those observed in the data. The model also suggests that crises are less frequent with more international financial integration but, when they hit, they are larger and more synchronized across countries. (JEL E23, E32, E44, F44, G01)
The Economic Effects of the Abolition of Serfdom: Evidence from the Russian Empire
Authors: Markevich Andrei , Zhuravskaya Ekaterina
Published: March 2018

We document substantial increases in agricultural productivity, industrial output, and peasants' nutrition in Imperial Russia as a result of the abolition of serfdom in 1861. Before the emancipation, provinces where serfs constituted the majority of agricultural laborers lagged behind provinces that primarily relied on free labor. The emancipation led to a significant but partial catch up. Better incentives of peasants resulting from the cessation of ratchet effect were a likely mechanism behind a relatively fast positive effect of reform on agricultural productivity. The land reform, which instituted communal land tenure after the emancipation, diminished growth in productivity in repartition communes. (JEL J47, N13, N33, N43, N53, Q11)
Perspective—The Deep Historical Roots of Organization and Strategy: Traumatic Shocks, Culture, and Institutions
Authors: Klüppel Leonardo M. , Pierce Lamar , Snyder Jason A.
Published: March 2018

We argue that organizations have deep roots in traumatic societal shocks that long preceded their founding. Drawing from the strategic management and social science literatures, we explain how traumatic shocks, such as conflict, disease, and natural disaster, can alter the institutional and cultural paths that determine future business environments. Historical shocks can help clarify the origin of cultural and institutional differences and help provide causal inference about why these differences are correlated with organizational structure and strategy. We explain specific cultural and institutional mechanisms through which historical traumatic shocks persist as well as specific organizational factors influenced by these mechanisms. We also provide guidance on key approaches for empirically linking traumatic shocks with modern firms as well as common identification problems in these methods. Our approach clarifies a path for clarifying theory on how culture and institutions shape firms and how management scholars might anticipate the evolution of market development following emerging traumatic shocks.
Relational Embeddedness and Firm Growth: Comparing Spousal and Sibling Entrepreneurs
Authors: Bird Miriam , Zellweger Thomas
Published: March 2018

Integrating relational embeddedness arguments with Penrosean growth theory, we compare the growth of firms run by spousal entrepreneurs with firms run by sibling entrepreneurs. We theorize that trust, identification, and mutual obligations—the three facets of relational embeddedness—are more pronounced in spousal teams than in sibling teams, which provides spousal teams with advantages over sibling teams in generating firm growth. Probing a sample of all private firms in Sweden over a three-year period, we find support for this conjecture. Exploring boundary conditions to this baseline relationship, we also find that firm age weakens the growth advantages of spousal teams over sibling teams and that industry experience heterogeneity within the entrepreneurial team reinforces these growth advantages. These results provide important contributions for research on firm growth, the social embeddedness of firms, entrepreneurship, and family business.