bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Context Inference Engine (CiE)
Authors: Mahmud Umar , Javed Mohammed Younus
Published: December 2012

Context Awareness is the task of inferring contextual data acquired through sensors present in the environment. ‘Context’ encompasses all knowledge bounded by a scope and includes attributes of machines and users. A general context aware system is composed of context gathering and context inference modules. This paper proposes a Context Inference Engine (CiE) that classifies the current context as one of several recorded context activities. The engine follows a distance measure based classification approach with standard deviation based ranks to identify likely activities. The paper presents the algorithm and some results of the context classification process.
Algorithms to Resolve Conflict in Multiuser Context Aware Ubiquitous Environment
Authors: G.S. Thyagaraju , Kulkarni U.P.
Published: December 2012

Conflict resolution in context-aware computing is getting more significant attention from researchers as pervasive/ubiquitous computing environments take into account multiple users and multiple applications. In multi-user ubiquitous computing environments, conflicts among user’s contexts need to be detected and resolved. Conflicts arise when multiple users try to access or try to have a control on an application. In this paper, the authors propose a series of algorithms to resolve conflict which can be embedded in different context aware applications like context aware devices (say TV, Mobile, AC, and Fan) and Context Aware Ambient (like Meeting Room, Living Room, Restaurant, Coffee Shop, etc.). The algorithms discussed in this paper make use of different tools like Probability, Fuzzy Logic, Bayesian Network and Rough set theory. In addition the algorithms utilize various factors like social, personal and environmental. The motto of this paper is to enable context aware applications to offer socialized and personalized services to multiple users by resolving service conflicts among users.
Learning Outcomes Design Authoring Tool
Authors: Kerkiri Tania Al. , Papadakis Spyros
Published: December 2012

Creating a course is a demanding process that presupposes the scientific knowledge and various technical skills on effectively delivering content. Contemporary Learning Management Systems (LMSs) do not adequately support the structural appropriateness of content, despite being able to provide the lesson. Moreover, they are not readily capable of determining learning outcomes – the essential factor against which the effectiveness of a lesson is validated. The authors propose and describe the Learning Outcomes Design Authoring Tool (as of now LeODAT), which is a web-based tool conceived and constructed to support correct coding and authoring of a course by additionally creating descriptors for its learning outcomes. Furthermore, LeODAT comes along with a number of pedagogical theories, organized as Taxonomies of Learning Domains. LeODAT is designed to be used as a standalone application or as a service into worldwide popular LMSs, such as Moodle, LAMS etc.
Exploiting Asynchronous Discussions in Class for Improving 3rd Grade Students’ Writing Ability
Authors: Bratitsis Tharrenos , Kandroudi Marina
Published: December 2012

The aim of the research was to examine the impact of asynchronous discussions’ usage in students’ writing ability. It is proposed that critical thinking skills could be cultivated through electronic discussions and through dialogues students have the opportunity to construct meanings, interact with others and thus acquire knowledge through meaningful communication. In support of this view, the present study was conducted with 3rd Grade students in a primary school in Athens, participating in the creation of an electronic, interactive newspaper through online discussions. The activity was implemented using the DIAS system, an asynchronous discussion platform with integrated Interaction Analysis tools, exploited in this case to facilitate the researcher’s analysis. The results indicate that students made significantly fewer mistakes in the online environment, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Additionally, they took initiatives, worked individually and were engaged into a purposeful interaction with others, therefore reinforcing autonomous learning. Finally their social skills were also facilitated, through the online discussions.
Detection and Characterization of Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking on Sensitized 304 Stainless Steel by Acoustic Emission Techniques
Authors: Mao Xue Wei , Li Jian , Wang Xue Hui , Wang Wei Kui
Published: December 2012

The present study was conducted on sensitized 304 stainless steels in 0.5mol/L Na2S2O3solution under the slow strain rate testing (SSRT). To monitor the evolution of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) occurring, acoustic emission (AE) technology was applied in this test. Besides, signal characteristics of different AE sources, including the dissolution along susceptible grain boundaries, the plastic deformation ahead of the crack tip and the mechanical fractures of material ligaments, were identified distinctly with fractography and clustering analysis.
Cellulose Fiber Reinforced Concrete Fracture Mechanisms and Damage Detection Using Acoustic Emission
Authors: Chen Yu , Bloomquist David , Crowley Raphael
Published: December 2012

ASTM C78 standard tests for flexural strength of concrete were conducted on cellulose fiber reinforced concrete (CFRC) specimens using varying percentages of ultimate load. During testing, Acoustic Emission (AE) signals were recorded while after testing, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to visually observe surface features. SEM results appear to illustrate three important stages of the fracture process: cement cracking, fiber-cement debonding, and fiber breakage/pullout. AE results were used to bound ranges for a relationship between AE amplitude and CFRC fracture mechanisms.
Traffic Overflow Modeling and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Pan Jing Shan , Zhang Li Dong
Published: December 2012

Traffic overflow has great negative impact on normal traffic flow. Improper time setting and offset, even more right turn input traffic flow can cause this extreme phenomenon. In order to discover the intrinsic factor and relationship between overflow and signal setting, traffic flow incoming, we build the traffic flow model. This model takes two adjacent crosses as example, and to count the remained traffic flow queue length in given time interval. The simulation results prove our model’s feasibility. Our model well helps us to understand the overflow characteristics and to find the effective solution to conquer it in the future.
The Design Policy of Large Information System Security Protection Based on Classified Protection
Authors: Qu Jie , Chen Guang Yong , Ma Li , Li Ming
Published: December 2012

This paper brought forward the layered protection of defense-in-depth on the basis of analyzing information classified protection core strategy and large corporations’ net structure 、management and security actuality. Different information systems in different domains are protected according to their security classes. At the same time, the relationship between the domains and their boundaries should be defined, and the protection of domains inside and boundary are implemented. The protection layers are gradually deployed breadth wise, the protection strength are increased lengthways. Finally the objective of defense-in-depth is reached, the protection capability of enterprise’s information system is enhanced.
Design of a Ring Monopole Dual-Frequency Antenna Fed by Coplanar Waveguide
Authors: Wang Qi
Published: December 2012

A printed ring-shaped monopole antenna fed by coplanar waveguide for use in the dual-band wireless communication system has been presented and investigated. By adding some branch strips inside the ring and changing its size, as well as the further optimization, the proposed antenna could work effectively within the scope of 2.4-2.484GHz and 5.15-5.825GHz frequency band. Practical antenna structure is fabricated. The details of the antenna design and both the theoretical and experimental results are discussed.
A New Kind of Based on the Graph K-Means Clustering Initial Center Selection Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Hai Yan
Published: December 2012

K-means clustering algorithm is simple and fast, and has more intuitive geometric meaning, which has been widely applied in pattern recognition, image processing and computer vision. It has obtained satisfactory results. But it need to determine the initial cluster class center before executing the k-means algorithm, and the choice of the initial cluster class center has a direct impact on the final clustering results. A selection algorithm is proposed, which based on figure node most magnanimous to determine the initial cluster class center of K-means clustering algorithm. The method compares with the selection algorithm of other initial cluster class center, which has a simple algorithm idea and low time complexity, and it is significantly better than other clustering arithmetic.
Model Checking for SpaceWire Error Detection Module
Authors: Dong Ling Ling , Guan Yong , Li Xiao Juan , Shi Zhi Ping , Zhang Jie , Hua Wei
Published: December 2012

Considerable attention has been devoted to prove the correctness of programs. Formal verification overcomes the incompleteness by applying mathematical methods to verify a design. SpaceWire is a well known communication standard. For safety-critical applications an approach is needed to validate the completeness of SpareWire design. This paper addresses formal verification of SpareWire error detection module. The system model was constructed by Kripke structure, and the properties were presented by linear temporal logic (LTL). Compared the verification of LTL with CTL (branch temporal logic), LTL properties could improve the verification efficiency due to its linear search. The error priority was checked using simulation guided by model checking. After some properties were modified, all possible behaviors of the module satisfied the specification. This method realizes complete validation of the error detection module.
Analysis of Numerical Simulation and Engineering Examples of Drawing-Bulging Forming Parts
Authors: Chen Kang , Peng Cheng Yun , Liu Hui
Published: December 2012

Drawing-bulging forming is a forming method both deep drawing forming and bulge forming, it has been studied in a centrifuge cover for instance. The forming processes of the centrifuge cover have been analyzed, and the convex hull forming of the forming processes is a typical drawing-bulging forming. The convex hull forming has been analyzed by the theoretical calculations and finite element numerical simulation. The results shows that the convex hull forming should be earlier than the box-shaped forming, in this case, material flow is more conducive to control. In order to avoid the rupture in the forming process of the convex hull, the convex hull forming can be divided into two steps to complete, it can reduce inward deformation resistance of the external metal, and increase the composition of the deep drawing in the drawing-bulging forming, and ease the thinning of the convex hull of the corresponding location. Finally, the reasonable process plan of the workpiece was determined.
A Strain Sensing Structural Health Monitoring System for Delaminated Composite Structures
Authors: Alaimo Andrea , Milazzo Alberto , Orlando Calogero
Published: December 2012

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) for composite materials is becoming a primary task due to their extended use in safety critical applications. Different methods, based on the use of piezoelectric transducers as well as of fiber optics, has been successfully proposed to detect and monitor damage in composite structural components with particular attention focused on delamination cracks.In the present paper a Structural Health Monitoring model, based on the use of piezoelectric sensors, already proposed by the authors for isotropic damaged components, is extended to delaminated composite structures. The dynamic behavior of the host damaged structure and the bonded piezoelectric sensors is modeled by means of a boundary element approach based on the Dual Reciprocity BEM. The sensitivity of the piezoelectric sensors has been studied by varying the delamination length characterizing the skin/stiffener debonding phenomenon of composite structures undergoing dynamic loads.
The Exprimental Research of Screw Conveyor Feeding System
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Wan Fu
Published: December 2012

This paper makes an experimental research on the screw conveyor feeding system in biomass pyrolytic devices. And ensure the screw conveyor’s boot order, appropriate speed and part of the power consumption. In the end, it makes a comparison with the experimental result and the theoretical calculation result. And find out the error, make an useful suggestion to the further optimization of biomass pyrolytic devices as well.
On Yarn Unevenness Test and its Influence Factor Analysis
Authors: Jin Jing , Wang Jiang Ping
Published: December 2012

Yarn unevenness is one of the important indexes which presents the evenness of polyester POY filament and affects the performances of the filament. The principle of capacitive evenness tester Uster and the measurement method are described in this paper. The influences of operating environment and the measuring conditions on determining the unevenness of polyester POY filament are discussed. The reasonable conditions are also pointed out, which will have the directive function for the evenness test work with Uster.
Tri-Reforming of Methane over Pt Modified Ni/MgO Catalysts under Atmospheric Pressure – Thermal Distribution in the Catalyst Bed
Authors: Jiang Hong Tao , Li Hui Quan , Fan Hao
Published: December 2012

Thermal distribution in catalyst bed was investigated for the fixed-bed tri-reforming of methane over Pt modified Ni/MgO catalysts under atmospheric pressure, 850 °C, and space velocity of 2000−20000 h−1. The effects of the W/F on the thermal distribution of different catalysts were examined. The results indicated that for Pt modified Ni/MgO catalysts, the temperature profile depended on catalysts preparation method. According to the thermal distribution, for Pt modified Ni/MgO catalysts prepared by sequence method, the catalyst bed can be divided into tow zones: auto-thermo reforming zone and oxygen absent zone. Methane reforming proceeds in both zones together.
An Enhanced Remediation Technology for Contaminated Groundwater
Authors: Hu Hong Tao
Published: December 2012

The removal efficiencies of pollutants in the electrokinetic remediation with a new PRB (Permeable Reactive Barrier) method was studied for the remediation of groundwater contaminated by Pb in this paper. The experimental results showed that the pH value has varied obviously because of the oxidation and reduction near the electrodes, i.e. the pH value near the anode changed from 6.5 to 5.9 but near the cathode it varied from 6.4 to 8.9 in the experiment process, which indicated that the condition of acidity, alkalinity and other environment factors in groundwater had varied clearly during the electrokinetic remediation process. And the removal efficiency of Pb was respectively 57.84% near the anode and 92.60% near the cathode, and the removal efficiency of COD was respectively 40.28% near the anode and 90.40% near the cathode at the end of experiment when the experimental voltage gradient was 0.35V/cm, which made known that this new enhanced electrokinetic remediation of groundwater was more effective method than that of ordinary PRB technology in groundwater.
Level of Safety on Two-Lane Undivided Rural Highways
Authors: Guido Giuseppe , Vitale Alessandro , Gallelli Vincenzo , Figliomeni Giuseppe
Published: December 2012

Due to the great increase of congestion levels on transportation infrastructures researchers and practitioners have focused on the study of safety performance on road network to identify unsafe locations and assess the effectiveness of different countermeasures introduced at a given site to reduce unacceptable accident risk. Safety performance measures represent an useful tool for evaluating road safety conditions on the basis of objective parameters deducible from the vehicle kinematics. The focus of the present paper is on the assessment of the safety level on two-lane rural highway with a particular attention on rear-end interactions among different pairs of vehicles belonging to the traffic stream. The roadway safety performance study is based on the traffic conflict technique applied to vehicle maneuvers obtained experimentally from a frame by frame analysis of video-taped traffic data. The authors also explored qualitatively the possible relationship between safety level and traffic level of service. This aspect is very important because this kind of roads represents a large part of non-urban highways in many countries.
Methodological Approach for Evaluation of Roundabout Performances through Microsimulation
Authors: Vaiana Rosolino , Gallelli Vincenzo , Iuele Teresa
Published: December 2012

In the literature, there are many methodologies that allow the evaluation of roundabout performances (Capacity, Levels Of Service, etc.): analytical models (HCM, HBS etc.), statistical models (TRRL, SETRA) etc. Each technique considers some aspects of the roundabout in comparison to others (geometric elements, vehicular flow and behavioral parameters). Obtained results are often not comparable among themselves because of distinctive peculiarities of each method. Today, the best way to solve this problem is by using a refined simulation software of vehicular circulation. However, along with a more and more refined analysis of microsimulation software algorithms, it is frequently necessary for each user (researcher, engineer, planner, etc.) to know the real sensitivity of these packages with regard to the most important key parameters. In this paper the Authors introduce the results of a wide survey conducted on an ample range of virtual roundabout scenarios by the use of a modern simulation software. Each scenario describes a fixed roundabout phenomenon using the following variables: geometric elements (inscribed circle radius, circulatory roadway, central and splitter islands etc.); characteristics of the traffic flow (dynamic traffic assignment, approach speed, circulatory speed and reduced speed zones, etc.); behavioral features (priority rules, minimum gap, minimum headway, etc.). The results are presented from the evaluation of stop-line delays.
Coupling Dynamic Analysis of Floating Slab Track in the Urban Rail Transit
Authors: Huang Kai , Bai Hong Bai , Li Dong Wei , Li Yu Long
Published: December 2012

In order to study how the parameters of floating slab track and the speed of the train influence the vehicle-track coupling system，the paper built the vehicle-track coupling dynamic system. In the coupling model, the train is simplified a multi-rigid body system. The rail and the floating slab are considered as Euler beam. The wheel-rail relation is regarded as non-linear Hertz contact. The paper solved the dynamic equation of the vehicle-track coupling dynamic system with prediction-correction Newmark-β numerical integration method. Through numerical simulation, the paper gained the affect of fastener stiffness, slab support stiffness, and the speed of train to the characteristic of the coupling system containing the vehicle acceleration, wheel-rail force, the vibration of the track and the counter-force from the basis. The paper provides a reference for the selection of the track parameters and the speed of vehicle.
LVQ Neural Network Based Driving Cycles Recognition for Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Xu Shi Jing
Published: December 2012

In order to establish a real-time hybrid electric vehicle energy management strategy, a LVQ neural network based driving cycles recognizer is established. Selecting 6 typical driving cycles, and the characteristic parameters of the typical driving cycles are extracted and is used to train the LVＱ neural network by LVQ2 algorithm. The trained LVＱ neural network is employed to recognize the other driving cycle. The result shows that the recognition result reflects the character of the real driving cycle very well.
Effect of Organic Diacid Carbon Chain Length on Crystal Morphology of α-Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate in Preparation from Flue Gas Desulphurization Gypsum
Authors: Liu Xian Feng , Peng Jia Hui , Zhang Jian Xin , Qu Jin Dong , Li Mei
Published: December 2012

Modifying crystal morphology was the key technology of the preparation of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate from flue gas desulphurization gypsum using the hydrothermal method under atmospheric pressure. For exploring crystal modifier, the crystal morphology of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate in preparation from flue gas desulphurization gypsum with various organic diacid was studied, by polarizing microscope profile observation. The results showed, When the space between two carboxyls was triplicate length of C-C, the organic diacid had the best effect of modifying crystal morphology.
Liquefaction Testing of Stratified Sands Interlayered with Silt
Authors: Jia Min Cai , Wang Bing Ye
Published: December 2012

The cyclic behavior of stratified sands interlayered with silt is at present poorly understood, although stratified sands exist for various soil deposits and hydraulic fill, which have a history of liquefaction during earthquakes. The main objective of this research project was to compare the cyclic behavior of stratified and homogeneous sands for various silt contents. A comprehensive experimental program was undertaken in which stain-controlled undrained cyclic triaxial tests for stratified sand samples interlayered with different thickness silt were performed. The silt thickness ranged from 0 to 80mm was considered. The confining pressure in all test series was 100kPa. The results indicate that the thickness of the silt seam sandwiched in the sand samples has a significant influence on the liquefaction resistances of layered sands. In other words, there is a critical thickness of silt seam that the saturated stratified sands have a critical shear strain. This finding justifies applying the laboratory tests results of homogeneously reconstituted samples to the field conditions for the range of variable studied.
Research on Construction Methods Affecting on Stress and Strain Distribution of Double Arch Tunnel
Authors: Yu Qing Yang , Zhang Hong Yan , Guo Xue Da
Published: December 2012

This paper presents the stress and strain distribution and change during the tunnel construction, and the stress and strain are compared with different construction methods. Mathematical model was firstly introduced. Then the stress and the strain during the up tunnel construction from two methods were compared. The historical stress and strain curves of key node of tunnel during the tunnel construction were analyzed. The different stress changes from different construction methods were compared. We can get the conclusion that the construction method affects the stress distribution and change.
Bi-Directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization in Conceptual Bridge Design
Authors: Xu Jian , Sun Jian Yuan , Shui Yu Long
Published: December 2012

The principle and procedure of bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) are stated in detail. A program based on BESO is introduced in conceptual bridge design. Topology optimizations are achieved for deck arch bridges with different rise-to-span ratios, half-through arch bridge, through tied arch bridge, bridge pier and bridge main beam. The results demonstrate rational structures with well-distributed stress and smooth force transmission, which indicates the efficient of the method.
Spatial Stress Analysis of Long Span Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridges
Authors: Yu Xian Lin , Ye Jian Shu , Wu Wen Qing
Published: December 2012

A FEA program using 8 nodes and 40 freedoms degenerated solid shell element was developed to analyze the spatial stress of long span prestressed concrete box girder bridges during construction stage and finished stage. The maximum principal tensile stress positions on box girder section and shear lag coefficient were researched according to spatial stress results. It presented suggestions on prestressed concrete box girder bridges anti-crack design.
A Multivariable Grey Model Based on Optimized Background Value and its Application to Subgrade Settlement Prediction
Authors: Liu Han Bing , Xiang Yi Ming , Nguyen Huu Hung
Published: December 2012

Subgrade settlement is a complex process system. Commonly used single-point prediction models can’t consider the correlation between the discrete deformation monitoring points, which doesn’t adequately reflect the overall deformation law of subgrade. A multivariable grey model (MGM(1,n)), which is an expansion of the single-point GM(1,1) model for multiple variables, is introduced to resolve the above problem. Aiming at the drawback of background value in the traditional MGM(1,n) model, the functions with non-homogeneous exponential law are used to fit the accumulated sequences for every variable, reconstruct the calculating formula of background value, and gets a new MGM(1,n) model based on optimized background value (OMGM(1,n)). A case study shows that the forecast result of the proposed model is more precise and effective than these of the single-point GM(1,1) model and the traditional MGM(1,n) model for predicting subgrade settlement.
Safety Analysis of Expressway’s Shoulder Width
Authors: Chen Jian Yun , Tian Xiao Ping
Published: December 2012

According to the statistical analysis of the accident data about 490 km of expressways, the safety of shoulder width was studied and the relationship between the shoulder width and the total accident rate and the mortality rate was analyzed. Researches indicate that the impacts of shoulder width on the total accident rate and the mortality rate are not always the same. Overall, wider shoulder can raise the safety of expressways, which provides basis for rebuilding the expressways whose shoulder widths don’t meet requirements and regulations in China.
Subgrade Failure Division and Influence Factors Analyze of Expressway
Authors: Zeng Sheng , Li Zhen Cun , Li Wen , Li Jun
Published: December 2012

Based on three expressway in hunan province，through site investigation and laboratory test，mainly according to the characteristics and causes of subgrade failure，the subgrade failure in the work area were divided in to 10 types. The influence mechanism of moisture content，degree of compaction，soil property and so on were analyzed in detail. The conclusion can provide reference for the prevention and treatment of subgrade failure.
Study on Ice Breaking on Crumbed Rubber Asphalt Pavement Based on Self-Stress Method
Authors: Xiao Qing Yi , Cui Hong Jun , Li Ning Li , Zhang Cai Li
Published: December 2012

Ice layer on pavement surface was a serious problem for highway traffic safety. Crumbed rubber asphalt mixture was an effective way to drive ice layer away from surface. Through wheel test asphalt mixture specimen with ice layer at negtive temperature, the paper studied ice breaking performance of asphalt mixtures containing different amount crumbed rubber. Pendulumlike friction test BPN after wheel test was taken as an performance index of crumber rubber asphalt breaking ice. Results shown that the quantity of crumbed rubber and the performance of ice breaking had good linear relationship and more rubber content had better slide resistance recover speed at same wheel arround number.Through numerial model of pavement covered ice based on FEM method, the paper had analyzed the relationship between elastic modulus of crumbed rubber pavement and ice stress-strain on pavement, and put forward the mechanism of ice breaking.
Finite Element Study on Ring-Beam Supporting Structure of Deep Foundation Pit in Coastal Soft Soil Area
Authors: Liu Xi Yuan , Cai Wen Peng , Zhou Ji , Wang Xin Yan
Published: December 2012

Ring-beam supporting technology is increasingly used in coastal soft soil area. Based on a foundation pit supporting case of general hospital in Tianjin, the 3-dim finite element construction was simulated with MIDAS/GTS. According to the calculation, the stress and deformation characteristics of deep foundation pit supporting structure under the ring-beam action in soft soil area, and the surrounding soil settlement is analyzed. The final foundation pit supporting solution is selected between two different schemes. The analysis method and conclusions are useful for design and construction of other similar projects.
Numerical Analysis of Widened Embankments with Geogrid Reinforcement
Authors: Chen Min Yong , Liu Yu , Shi Hai Li , Chen Rui , Yuan Bing Xiang
Published: December 2012

The mechanism of geogrid reinforcement in an embankment widening project was investigated in this study using numerical analysis. It was found that the geogrid reinforcement mainly affects the new embankment by decreasing settlement slightly and restraining the horizontal outward displacement effectively. This effect of geogrid reinforcement on embankment deformations is due to the stress redistribution in the new embankment and in the subsoil caused by geogrid reinforcement. The inclusion of geogrid reinforcement produces a small decrease in vertical stress in the new embankment and leads to a relatively larger increase in horizontal stress in the subsoil, thereby decreasing the shear stress of the subsoil. The effect of geogrid reinforcement on the new embankment and subsoil increases with the increasing geogrid layer number.
Settlement Behavior of New Reinforced Earth Retaining Walls under Loading-Unloading Cycles
Authors: Lin Yu Liang , Fang Yi He
Published: December 2012

Three new types of reinforced earth structures were introduced including reinforced gabion retaining wall, green reinforced gabion retaining wall and flexible wall face geogrid reinforced earth retaining wall. In order to study settlement behavior of these three retaining walls, lab tests were carried out. Cyclic loading-unloading of different levels (0~50kPa, 0~100kPa, 0~150kPa, 0~200kPa, 0~250kPa, 0~300kPa, 0~350kPa) were imposed. The settlement behaviors of retaining walls were analyzed, and secant modulus when loading and unloading was obtained. Results show that retaining walls present great elastic and plastic deformation, and plastic deformation is greater than elastic deformation. Secant modulus decreases with the increase of loading-unloading cycles under the same loading level. Unloading secant modulus is bigger than loading secant modulus in the same cycle. With the increase of loading level, both elastic and plastic deformation increase, and plastic deformation increases more quickly than elastic deformation.
An Approach to Efficient Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks (C-WSNs)
Authors: Shafiee Morteza , Tabataba Vakili Vahid
Published: December 2012

Spectrum sensing is the most important issue in cognitive radio (CR) that increases spectrum utilization. Therefore, an accurate, reliable and real-time method to detect the unused spectrums and available bands is required necessarily. Several methods have been introduced for spectrum sensing, which the MultiTaper nonparametric estimation Method (MTM) is the most appealing. This method is not only an efficient technique for spectrum sensing in CR systems, but also is nearly optimal for wideband signals, providing a close approximation to the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. In this paper, we propose using MTM efficient method to Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks (C-WSNs), and compare our results with the case of using the periodgram for spectrum sensing.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Hydrodynamic Cavitation of Orifice Plates with Multiple Triangular Holes
Authors: Dong Zhi Yong , Chen Qi Qi , Yang Yong Gang , Shi Bin
Published: December 2012

Hydraulic characteristics of orifice plates with multiple triangular holes in hydrodynamic cavitation reactor were experimentally investigated by use of three dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV), high speed photography, electronic multi-pressure scanivalve and pressure data acquisition system, and numerically simulated by CFD software Flow 3D in this paper. Effects of number, arrangement and ratio of holes on hydraulic characteristics of the orifice plates were considered. Effects of arrangement and ratio of holes and flow velocity ahead of plate on cavitation number and velocity profile were compared. Distribution of turbulent kinetic energy and similarity of velocity profile were analyzed. And characteristics of cavitating flow downstream of the orifice plate were photographically observed by high speed camera. Also, a comparison with flow characteristics of orifice plate with hybrid holes (circle, square and triangle) was made.
The Development of a One-Parameter Model for the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve in Loess Gully Regions
Authors: Song Xiao Yu , Li Huai You , Shi Wen Juan
Published: December 2012

It is important to understand soil hydraulic properties in order to predict the movement of water and solutes such as pollutants. To this end, 55 soil samples were collected from different areas of the Nanxiaohegou basin and used to generate soil-water characteristic curves. These were then fitted using the power-, exponential-, and logarithmic versions of the Gardner model; the logarithmic model yielded the best fit overall. The logarithmic model was further simplified to yield a one-parameter model for estimating the soil-water characteristic curve within the basin, and it was demonstrated that the value of the single parameter is dependent on the topography and usage of the land.
Study on Preparation and Property of Acrylic Resins Used for Water-Based Ink
Authors: Huang Wen Tao , Chen Guang Xue , Tang Bao Ling , Yu Ming Guang
Published: December 2012

In this paper, a kind of water-soluble acrylic emulsion with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) as hard and soft monomer respectively, acrylic acid (AA) and hydroxypropyl methacrylate as functional monomers, ammonium persulfate (APS) and ammonia as initiator and neutralizer respectively, was prepared by emulsion polymerization. The resulting emulsion possesses high solid content, low viscosity, high stability and film-forming properties, indicating that it would be applicable to water-based ink. The effect of the ratio of MMA to BA on the film-forming properties of resin and the influence of AA and HPA on the water-soluble property and viscosity of resin were investigated, and the relationship of reaction temperature and the emulsion stability was also studied. This paper can provides a certain reference to synthesis of acrylic resin and application of acrylic resin to the water-based ink.
Investigation on Factors Influencing Fluorescence Intensity of Red Fluorescent Inkjet Ink
Authors: Gao Shao Hong , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Bei Qing , Zhang Wan , Hu Xu Wei
Published: December 2012

Fluorescent intensity is an important indicator to evaluate the performances of fluorescent inkjet ink. It can be affected by many factors, such as the structure and content of fluorescent material, the polarity of solvent, the type and content of resin, optical properties of different substrates. Formulation of red fluorescent ink-jet ink was designed in the paper and ink samples were prepared to explore the impact of fluorescent material content, solvent polarity, and resin type on fluorescent intensity. Results show that: fluorescent intensity gradually increases as fluorescent material content increases, when the content reaches 1.0%, fluorescent intensity decreases; saturated solubility of fluorescent material at room temperature (25°C) is 1.6%; When propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PMA): ethyl acetate: n-butyl acetate = 0.36:0.42:0.22, resin EP-609 content is 16%, fluorescent intensity reaches to the highest.
Modification of γ-Al2O3 as Ink-Jet Printing Paper Coating Pigment by Coupling Agents
Authors: Guo Ling Hua , Zhu Qian , Wang Zhi Jie , Guo Xin Hua
Published: December 2012

γ-Al2O3 namely activated alumina or alumina gel is widely used as a pigment on the inkjet paper at present. But it is easy to come out a particles agglomeration problem to restrict its application. In this paper, the γ-Al2O3 with coupling agents were modified to improve its dispersion in water. In the modification process, the he main modification parameters such as aluminum-zirconium complex oligomeric coupling agent TL-3A were selected to study. The parameters of addition, modification time and modification temperature were discussed. During the experiment, the best modification conditions were determined via orthogonal experiments. The polydispersity index PDI was used the target parameters to inspect via orthogonal experiments results and the affected factors. We found the best addition quantity of coupling agent, modification time and modification temperature to reach the minimum of the polydispersity index PDI introduction. The results showed that the best condition for carbonization alumina was: the best condition for export γ-Al2O3Subscript text 2.0%, modification time 30min, modification temperature 50°C。
Study on Correlation of Color Components Image in Different Color Spaces
Authors: Jin Yang , Liu Zhen , Wang Peng Fei , Liu San Guo , Zhai Hong Jie
Published: December 2012

Color image is an information substance with color components, among which exists correlation. In order to investigate the internal relevance of information in color image and to find out the dependence between them, to research the correlation of the color component image is significant. In order to investigate the relationship between the color space and the correlation of the component images, color spaces RGB/ LCH/ LAB/ OHTA/ YCC are selected and the correlation coefficients and cross correlations of the component images are computed and analyzed on MATLAB platform. The Result shows, that the statistical correlation coefficients of component images under RGB color space are the highest, while in OHTA color space the lowest are showed. The correlation coefficients under LAB and LCH are relative lower. In the opposite color spaces, the correlation coefficients of two opposite color components images are higher than the coefficients between the lightness and one of the opposite color component images. For the cross correlation of color component images, it shows a weak negative exponent relationship between pixel distance and cross correlation. The average cross correlation of component images in LCH space is obvious lower than in other spaces, while the levels of cross correlation in other spaces are similar. The relationship between cross correlation and color characteristics of image in RGB color space is closely, while in OHTA space, the difference of cross correlations among component images are usually small. In LCH space, the difference of cross correlations among component images is obvious, the cross correlation among chroma and the other components (lightness and hue) are much lower.
Kyanite's Status of Beneficiation Process and Application
Authors: Niu Fu Sheng , Tian Li Nan , Zhang Jin Xia , Wang Xing Guo
Published: December 2012

With the development of industrial production, kyanite's position is more and more important in social production, This paper introduces the physical and chemical characteristics of kyanite, technology characteristics，and has made the quite overview to the application of kyanite and its industry standards.
Vacuum Brazing of Zircaloy-4 and Stainless Steel Using Ag-Cu-Ti Brazing Filler Metal
Authors: Qi Kai , Li Rui Feng
Published: December 2012

Zirconium-based dissolver vessels containing highly radioactive and concentrated corrosive nitric acid solution needs to be joined to the rest of fuel reprocessing plant made of stainless steel(SS), which demands high integrity and corrosion resistant dissimilar joints. Vacuum brazing joining process was proposed in the present work to join zircaloy-4 and 1Cr18Ni9Ti SS since fusion welding processes produce brittle intermetallic precipitates at the interface which reduce the mechanical strength as well as the corrosion resistance of the joint. It is observed that Ag-Cu eutectic phase structure was formed in the brazing seam, a reaction layer exhibited in the interface between zircaloy-4/Ag-Cu-Ti. The concentration of the dendrites increases with an increase in bonding temperature. The width of the reaction layer increases with the increase of the brazing temperature and holding time.
Influence of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Mining Machinery Steel Plate Containing Molybdenum and Niobium
Authors: Wang Xian Jun , Ding Qing Feng , Liu Wen Bin
Published: December 2012

Influence of different heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of mining machinery steel Plate containing molybdenum niobium was investigated. As-rolled steel plate was processed by normalizing and normalization-tempering respectively. Mechanical properties of as-rolled steel plate, normalizing steel plate and normalizing-tempering steel plate and their microstructures was made a contrast. The experiment result showed that formation of coarse ferrite grain in as-rolled state leads to lower impact toughness. Normalizing treatment can refine coarse ferrite formed in hot rolling process but formation of carbon oversaturation induced new dislocation and distortion. Processing of proper normalizing-tempering can eliminate coarse ferrite in as-rolled state and relieve new dislocation and distortion formed in normalizing process, and therefore made the mechanical properties of the as-rolled plate be the best state.
Effect of Antimony on the Structure, Texture and Magnetic Properties of High Efficiency Non-Oriented Electrical Steel
Authors: Li Na , Xiang Li , Zhao Pei
Published: December 2012

The effect of antimony on the structure, texture and magnetic properties of high efficiency non-oriented electrical steel were investigated. The results showed that antimony played an important role on inhibiting the grain growth and enhancing the fraction of favorable texture in the annealed steels. With the increase of antimony content, core loss of specimens monotonously increased and the magnetic flux density increased firstly and then decreased. The magnetic properties of specimen results showed that the magnetic flux density in the steel with 0.12% antimony reached the maximum value, while the core loss didn’t increase obviously. However, when the antimony content in steel reached 0.22%, the magnetic properties deteriorated significantly. This is maybe that the addition of antimony in steels inhibited the development of {111} texture content and increased the intensity of Goss and {100} texture on the grain boundary.
Research on High Efficiency Blowing Technology of 200t BOF
Authors: Chen Jun , Zhang Da De , Chen Yong
Published: December 2012

In the early stage of commissioning, in order to solve the problem of bad metallurgical effect and serious lining erosion during steelmaking, oxygen supply strength is improved and lance position is adjusted as well. In addition, technology of “remaining slag and charging dolomitic lime” is applied to reduce the erosion velocity of lining. Results show that metallurgical effect of BOF is better after oxygen supply strength is improved, and which ensure the high efficiency production and smooth operation of BOF.
Microwave-Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene
Authors: Xiao Zhen Hui , Wu Shui Sheng , Sun Yan Lin , Zhao Yu Lin , Wang Ya Ming
Published: December 2012

Graphene was synthesized by microwave-hydrothermal chemical reduction of graphite oxide using hydrazine hydrate as the reducing agent. Graphene was characterized using X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectrum, FT-IR spectrum and scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that the as-prepared graphene was wrinkled and comprised fewer graphenes with a highly crystalline structure.
Hybrid Excavator Test Bed Hydraulic Load System Design
Authors: Huang Zhong Hua , Gao Hong Wei , Xie Ya
Published: December 2012

Load system is an important device of hybrid excavator test bed. According to technical requirements of 6 tons hybrid excavator test bed, technique parameters of load system was analyzed and hydraulic load system design scheme based on relief valve was determined. Fundamental diagram of hydraulic load system was designed and working process of load system was introduced. Based on AMESim software, numerical simulation model of hydraulic load system was established. With simulation research, maximum load power and typical load power of load system were simulated. Simulation results show that the hydraulic load system can meet design requirements. Prototype of hydraulic load system was developed and load experiment tests were carried out. Experimental results show that the hydraulic load system can be used to develop hybrid excavator performance test.
Study of the COD Release in the Sediment of Tang He Reservoir
Authors: Li Zhi Ping , Li Xin Yi , Li Ya Jing
Published: December 2012

The character of COD release in the sediment of Tang He Reservoir was studied under the condition of different concentrations, temperatures, pHs, disturbances, and dissolved oxygen through indoor simulation experiment. It was concluded that sediment could adsorb more organic pollutants when the river was at a higher concentration; whether the temperature was raised or lowered, the COD emission all increased, so the maintenance of temperature could inhibit the release of COD in water; the water stable at the pH of 8; disturbance significantly increased the released quantity of COD; low dissolved oxygen could promote release of COD. The study can provide scientific basis for comprehensive treatment of Tang He Reservoir.
Oxidative Degradation of Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP) by Persulfate Catalyzed by Ag+ Combined with Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Sun De Dong , Yan Xiao Xu , Xue Wen Ping
Published: December 2012

The removal of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), which is a pollutant of concern in water environments, was carried out by sodium persulfate (SPS,Na2S2O8) catalyzed by Ag+combined with microwave irradiation. Effects of persulfate concentration, reaction time, microwave(MW) power and catalytic ion Ag+ on the degradation efficiency of DMP by persulfate were examined in batch experiments. The results showed that optimum Na2S2O8 concentration was 0.083mmol/L, and Ag+ concentration was 0.042 mmol/L. Increasing the MW irradiation time , persulfate concentration or Ag+ concentration might significantly accelerate DMP degradation. Catalytic ion Ag+combined with microwave irradiation was an rapid method to activate persulfate, and thus to produce SO4−• which was a powerful oxidant and could degrade DMP effectively. About 80% of DMP and 70% of COD could be degraded in 140s under the conditions of 800W MW power.
Application of Iron Oxide Based Nanomaterials (NMs) in Magnetic Assisted Chemical Separation (MACS) Processes for Water/Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Guo H. , Ma Fang , Feng X. , Lou X. , Tade M.O.
Published: December 2012

With growing concerns over clean environment and human health, water/wastewater treatment turns towards more restrictive objectives of water quality. In the past decade, a lot of research work has been focused on the water decontamination by magnetic assisted chemical separation (MACS) processes using iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) (mainly magnetite (Fe3O4) or maghemite (γ-Fe2O3)) as magnetic seeds. These particles are generally modified with various functional materials to increase their affinity or degradation capacity toward target compounds. In addition, these materials are relatively easy to be regenerated and recycled via magnetic separation, therefore are considered a great water purification media in practice. This paper offers a literature review of applications of these magnetic NMs in MACS processes for water/wastewater treatment.