bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESILIENCE AS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR FOR DEPRESSION AMONG INFERTILE WOMEN OF FAISALABAD
Authors: Saleem Ammarah , Yaqoob Nazia
Published: July 2024

Background: Infertility is one the major cause of depression among married women of Pakistan. Resilience is a psychological skill that can help to manage depression in married women. This study was designed to assess depression and resilience among infertile women of Faisalabad. Methods: A correlational study was conducted from May to Aug 2022. Purposive sampling technique was used to gather information from different infertility centers and hospitals of Faisalabad, Pakistan. The Mean age of the subjects was 31.38±5.57 years. To assess the level of depression and resilience among infertile women, the Urdu version of the Siddiqui-Shah Depression Scale (SSDS) and the Resilience Scale (RS) were used. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS-26. Results: Out of the 110 participants, 89 (81%) were primary while 21 (20%) were secondary infertile. Resilience and depression negatively correlated significantly (p=0.000) in infertile women. The respondents from rural areas (p<0.05), those with increased number of treatments (p<0.05) and those having primary type of infertility (p<0.05) showed significantly high level of depression. Conclusion: Resilience and depression have negative association. Depression is predominant among rural as compared to urban residents, and in primary infertile women with increased number of treatments compared to secondary infertile women.
Pak J Physiol 2023;19(4):46–8
MOXIFLOXACIN INDUCED QT INTERVAL PROLONGATION: A RISK TO TORSADE DE POINTES IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Adil Iftikhar , Sajid Muhammad , Khan Sher Afghan , Ali Amjad , Nawaz Qadeer , Shahid Muhammad Naeem , Khan Imtiaz , . Saad
Published: July 2024

Background: Quinolones are notorious for QT interval prolongation and sometimes carry risks for development of Torsade de Pointes. Objective of this study was to determine the effect of moxifloxacin on QT interval prolongation on electrocardiogram. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, conducted in Medical Department of Mardan, Medical Complex, Mardan, from January to December 2021. Moxifloxacin was given for treatment of different ailments to 57 patients after approval of study protocols from Ethical Committee of Gajju Khan Medical College/Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi. Their baseline ECGs, second ECG on its Tmax and third set of ECGs were recorded, in triplicates, on 48 hours of treatment. QTc was calculated using Bazett’s formula either using lead II or alternatively AVR, AVF, V5, V6, or V4, leads. Moxifloxacin was administered in recommended doses. Results: Of the 57 patients, 24 patients (42%) showed QTC prolongation (prolonged QTc: For male >450 ms, and for female >470 ms); and 19 patients (33%) reached to the limits for a risk (Patients with QTc >500 ms or QTc change over baseline >60 ms) for development of Torsade de pointes. Remaining 14 patients (25%) faced no complications. Statistically significant changes were observed for both male and female patients (p<0.05). However, QT prolongation was sustained for 48 hours in female only. Conclusion: Moxifloxacin produced significant changes in QTc particularly in elderly patients. Mean changes in QTc on 48 hours were prolonged in females than males.
Pak J Physiol 2023;19(4):11–4
ROLE OF SELF-TALK IN PREDICTING DEATH ANXIETY, OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER, AND COPING STRATEGIES IN THE FACE OF COVID-19 AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Safdar Iqra , Gulab Ifat , Gul Nighat
Published: July 2024

Background: The current study examines, the role of self-talk in death anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and coping strategies faced during COVID-19 by university students. The study was conducted among university students after COVID. Method: This study included 300 university students, living within the zones of Haripur, Pakistan. They participants were chosen using purposive sampling technique. The self-talk scale (STS), coping strategies inventory short form (CSISF), death anxiety scale (DAS), and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) were utilized for assessment. Information was analysed with Student’s t-test and simple linear regression. Results: The female students significantly scored higher on STS, DAS, and CSISF, while male students scored higher on YBOCS. The regression test indicated that self-talk was a significant predictor of coping strategies and death anxiety among university students. Conclusion: Self talk was the predictor of death anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder and copying strategies during COVID-19 outbreak among students gender wise
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(1):48-51
COMPARISON OF INTRAVENOUS DIAZEPAM AND INTRAVENOUS MIDAZOLAM FOR TREATMENT OF RECURRENT FEBRILE SEIZURES
Authors: Pasha Waseem , Amjad Awais , Ahmed Imran , Nawaz Usman , Sajid Muhammad Usman , Ali Muhammad Usman
Published: July 2024

Background: Recurrent febrile seizures are seizures in children less than 5 years of age which reoccur within 24 hours.  Benzodiazepines such as midazolam and diazepam are used to stop and decrease the recurrent rate of febrile seizures. The objective of study was to compare the efficacy of intravenous midazolam with intravenous diazepam for treatment of recurrent febrile seizures in paediatric patients. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study observed 60 children aged 6 to 59 months with recurrent febrile seizures who presented at paediatric clinic in Combined Military Hospital Kharian and THQ Hospital, Kharian from Sep to Nov 2023. The response time was noted for children who received intravenous midazolam 0.2 mg/Kg only and IV diazepam 0.2 mg/Kg only. The children were randomly allocated into group A (midazolam group) and Group B (diazepam group.) Study was done after taking informed consent from the parents. Both drugs were given during the fits. Results: The time interval from drug administration to cessation of febrile seizures was 2.50±0.94 minutes in the midazolam group and 2.4±1.12 minutes in the diazepam group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.567). Minor dizziness and sedation were the only main effects reported. Conclusion: Both diazepam and midazolam have same efficacy in the treatment of recurrent febrile seizures.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(1):12?4
EFFECTS OF L-CARNITINE THERAPY ON FAT AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM AMONG MELDONIUM INDUCED CARNITINE DEPLETION IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Authors: Qazi Sumayya , Qureshi Mumtaz Ali , Qazi Abroo Fatima , Fahim Amin , Nizamani Ghulam Shah , Qureshi Bakhtawar
Published: July 2024

Background: L-carnitine therapy has a potential role in lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. Despite its promising effects, further investigation is warranted. This study aimed to determine the impact of L-carnitine therapy of low and high doses on fat and glucose metabolism of albino Wistar rats after Meldonium induced carnitine depletion. Methods: A total number of 48 albino Wistar rats were recruited and divided into four groups 12 rats in each group. The bedding material was changed every second day and all animals were given Kaytee Supreme Fortified Daily Diet rat food and clean distal water ad libitum at room temperature. The experiment was commenced after 10 days of acclimatization. Results: Both high (300 mg/Kg) and low-dose (500 mg/Kg) L-carnitine significantly improved (p<0.05) blood glucose levels, TC, LDL, and HDL after four weeks of L-carnitine therapy. However, high-dose therapy showed significantly higher HDL improvements and decreased TC and LDL levels than low-dose therapy (p<0.05) among Meldonium carnitine-depleted rats. Conclusion: L-carnitine high dose therapy (500 mg/Kg of body weight) had a more potent effect on lipid profile in comparison to low dose (300 mg/Kg of body weight).
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(1):26-9
ASSOCIATION OF SERUM URIC ACID WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE-2: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Zehra Fatima
Published: July 2024

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a disease which imposes a great burden on the health resources of the emerging and developing world. It is a global pandemic which leads to chronic complications. Serum uric acid (SUA) is a biomarker that could be of value in detection of early complications and better prognosis in diabetic patients. SUA serves both as a causal factor and disease progression marker in DM, having a causal relationship with diabetic complications. This narrative review aims to determine the association between SUA and T2DM. Research articles from the year 2005 to 2023 were selected for this review. Literature search was conducted from PubMed and Google Scholar which resulted in short listing of 15 articles. It also reflects upon the diabetic complications associated with Hyperuricemia (HUA) and focuses on the health implications of HUA in T2DM patients. SUA and T2DM were negatively associated in 8 research studies and positively associated in 6 studies in which one revealed a partial association, one was prevalent in the female gender only, and one was negatively associated in uncontrolled DM. Another study was associated with both hypouricemia and HUA.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(1):52-7
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 2 DIABETICS —A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Qayyum Fatima , Malik Sarwar , Malik Fayyaz Hussain , Malik Sidra Qayyum , Inayat Hina Rani , Aitazaz Fauzia
Published: July 2024

Background: Five-hundred-thirty-six million adults are living with diabetes worldwide, 33 million in Pakistan ranking 3rd in position globally. We aimed to see the sociodemographic, baseline clinical and metabolic profile of newly diagnosed patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Sociodemographic data of 98 patients aged ?18 years presenting to Endocrinology Department of CDA Hospital Islamabad was collected on a self-developed questionnaire. The inclusion criteria were newly diagnosed T2DM patients, seeking medical advice to initiate therapy. Baseline clinical and metabolic profiles were recorded. Patients already on therapy were excluded. The data was analysed using SPSS-25. Results: Mean age of the patients was 48.92±12.46 years with female predominance (54, 55.1%). Mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 29.15±4.99 Kg/m2, waist circumference 102.69±10.19 Cm, and HbA1c was 9.62±2.19%. Eighty-one (82.7%) patients belonged to families with monthly income PKR 30,000–40,000 (lower socio-economic status), 59 patients had <7 years of schooling (60.2%), 51 patients had a negative family history of T2DM (52%), 79 patients were diagnosed within the last 6 months (80.6%), and 44 patients did not have co-morbidities (44.9%). Osmotic symptoms were present in 77 (77.8%) of patients at presentation. Complications of T2DM were present in 18 (18.4%) patients at baseline. Conclusion: T2DM is more prevalent in middle aged, overweight, female patients belonging to low socioeconomic status and have osmotic symptoms as main presenting complaint, HbA1c of 9.62%, and 52% patients had a negative family history of T2DM. The complications of T2DM were seen only in 18% at presentation.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(2):19-23
PLASMA PROLIDASE ACTIVITY AND ITS RELATION WITH NUMBER OF CYSTS IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: Fatima Murk , Amjad Sofia , Inam Illahi Mehreen , Ahmed Tousif , Ansari Humaira , Rehman Rehana
Published: July 2024

Background: Plasma prolidase, a Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP), has a role in maintaining extracellular matrix remodelling in ovary. The aim of this study was to find out the activity and association with the clinical and biochemical parameters of plasma prolidase in different phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Total 90 women (16-22 years) with PCOS were enrolled in the study. Data regarding anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI and WHR) were taken. Transabdominal ultrasonography was done by trained sonographer. Hormonal tests (free testosterone, FSH, LH), and metabolic tests (including FBS) were done by chemiluminescence analyzer. Participants were divided into four groups. Group 1 (n=25), hyperandrogenism with oligo-anovulation (HO), Group 2 (n=26), polycystic ovary with oligo-anovulation (PO), Group 3 (n=20), hyperandrogenism with polycystic ovary (HP), Group 4 (n=19), with presence of all these three features (PHO). Five ml blood sample was taken for plasma Prolidase by Spectrophotometry. Kruskal Wallis test and spearman correlation were used for statistical analysis. Results: Among 90 women 52.2% had both polycystic ovaries, 13.3% has one polycystic ovary and 34.4% had normal ovaries on ultrasound. Median difference of plasma Prolidase, LH, FSH, free testosterone and HOMA-IR between groups were found statistically significant (p<0.05). Plasma Prolidase had a direct relation (r=0.374) with number of cysts on ultrasound. Conclusion: Plasma Prolidase activity was high in PCOS phenotypes and positive correlation was found between Prolidase levels and number of cysts. Prolidase can be used as diagnostic and prognostic marker in PCOS.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(2):14-8
EFFECTS OF CHEWING TIME OF HIGH PROTEIN MEAL ON SATIETY AND GLP-1 HORMONE
Authors: Sardar Ayesha , Shah Inayat , Malik Omar , Mahmood Rashid , Asmatullah Aamir , Qaisar Owais
Published: July 2024

Background: Chewing or mastication process affects satiety as well as satiety regulating hormone Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1). Proteins have the highest satiating effects among the macronutrients. This study explored the association of chewing with satiety and GLP-1 in participants consuming high-protein meal. Methods: Fifteen healthy volunteers, aged 25-35 years were enrolled through random sampling. Effects of chewing on postprandial satiety and plasma GLP-1 was examined through quasi-experimental study conducted in Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, from Jan to Mar 2023. Three visits were designed with one week wash-out period. Satiety and GLP-1 were compared among normal, fast, and slow chewing conditions, while providing high protein meal. Subjective satiety was assessed via visual analogue scale (VAS) and labelled magnitude scale (LMS), while serum GLP-1 levels were analysed through ELISA at baseline, 30, 120 and 240 min in each visit. Results: The participants had a mean chewing time of 793.66±311 second at normal rate. Mean chewing time was decreased to 496.60±135.82 second during fast chewing, while significantly increased to 1459.66±400.83 second during slow chewing. A comparison of satiety at different chewing rates revealed that slow chewing significantly reduced hunger and enhanced fullness (p<0.05), relative to normal and fast chewing, at 240 minutes (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in plasma GLP-1 levels at any time intervals (p>0.05). Conclusion: Satiety is significantly influenced by chewing and number of chews per bite of a high protein meal, whereas postprandial plasma GLP-1 levels show no significant differences across different chewing rates.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(2):31-35
REVERSE MENTORING IN PHYSIOLOGY
Authors: Badar Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Reverse mentoring is an innovative approach where traditional hierarchical mentoring structures are inverted. Instead of older, more experienced persons mentoring younger less experienced ones, the reverse mentoring model sees junior persons mentoring their senior colleagues. Reverse mentoring promotes diversity and inclusion by valuing the knowledge and perspectives of all faculty members, regardless of their age or seniority. By facilitating the exchange of knowledge between junior and senior physiologists, this approach can bridge generational gaps, promote technological proficiency, foster innovation, and support the professional growth of all participants.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(2):1-2.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan tentang Kesehatan Reproduksi Terhadap Pengetahuan Lansia
Authors: Ulfa Ika Mardiatul , Sari Anggrita , Permatasari Niken , Sari Mayang Puspita Candrani
Published: July 2024

Perkembangan dan pertumbuhan manusia akan terhenti, sehingga berikutnya akan terjadi banyak perubahan pada fungsi tubuh manusia. Perubahan tersebut paling banyak terjadi pada wanita karena proses menua terjadi pada fase menopause. Menopause merupakan  masa  berhentinya  menstruasi  yang  terjadi  pada  perempuan  dengan rentang usia 48-55 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan lansia tentang kesehatan reproduksi setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan. Jenis penelitian menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan crossectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 30 orang yang diambil secara accidental sampling. Hasil uji hipotesis  pada variabel  pengetahuan  didapatkan  hasil  bahwa  ada pengaruh  Pendidikan  Kesehatan  Reproduksi  dengan  p-value 0,000 terhadap pengetahuan lansia di Posyandu Kemuning.  Pada  penelitian  ini  media  yang  digunakan  untuk meningkatkan  pengetahuan  dan  pembentukan  sikap  adalah  buku  saku.  Media  buku  saku  dapat  digunakan  untuk konseling atau penyuluhan kepada responden guna meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap kepada perempuan pralansia.
Exploring Experiences in Participating in the Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) Program 2022: A Case Study of the Municipality of Cardona
Authors: Hermocilla Martin Ceazar
Published: July 2024

This study explores the experiences, challenges, and recommendations of the Municipality of Cardona in its participation in the Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) program. The SGLG evaluation process was found to be meticulous and comprehensive, providing a thorough assessment of the municipality's governance practices. Through the SGLG assessment, the municipality successfully identified its strengths and weaknesses, enabling targeted interventions and continuous improvement in governance. However, the municipality faced challenges during the SGLG participation. Limited financial resources and inadequate training and staffing hindered its ability to meet the SGLG requirements effectively. Additionally, the complex requirements and extensive documentation of the SGLG program demanded significant time and effort, often exceeding available timeframes and affecting the quality of submissions. Balancing regular duties with the additional workload of the SGLG assessment posed time constraints and challenges in managing priorities. To address these challenges, recommendations have been proposed. Enhancing financial resources, investing in capacity building programs, and improving data management systems are crucial to support the municipality's SGLG participation. Allocating dedicated resources and time specifically for the SGLG assessment process is essential to ensure thorough self-assessment, data gathering, and documentation. Furthermore, fostering stakeholder engagement and promoting a culture of continuous improvement will enhance the municipality's governance practices and overall SGLG performance. Implementing these recommendations will strengthen the Municipality of Cardona's participation in the SGLG program, leading to sustainable development and improved services for its constituents.
Kit de robótica educativa para desarrollar habilidades STEM
Authors: Bermúdez Aguilar Ademir
Published: July 2024

La Robótica Educativa (RE) es la disciplina que busca potencializar lo atractivo que resulta para los educandos aprender haciendo, creando un ambiente de aprendizaje que les permita integrar diferentes disciplinas como la matemática, la física, la lógica, la informática, la electrónica y la mecánica, logrando así la organización del pensamiento a través de la concepción, desarrollo y programación de robots. Hoy en día ya no solo existe LEGO como herramienta de aprendizaje con kits de robótica. Si bienlos kits de robótica existen en el mundo, algunos son de alto costo, otros con muchas o pocas piezas, algunos pueden ser usados con uno o varios lenguajes de programación y cuentan con poca información. De esto surge un kit pensado en niveles de aprendizaje y de bajo costo.
Transforming Diabetic Retinopathy Detection: Advanced Strategies with Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Elango Elakkiya , Mookiaha Maheswari
Published: July 2024

Diabetic retinopathy is an aspect of diabetes which produces vascular abnormalities that might result in blindness. Since the symptoms with this illness are lasting, detection at an early stage is crucial because untreated eye disease may lead to blindness. The detection of microaneurysms using digital color fundus images is an essential initial step in automated diabetic retinopathy testing. Five different DR stages or classes (proliferative diabetic retinopathy), typical, mild, moderate, serious, and PDR, are typically assessed by expert doctors to determine this disastrous disorder. Manually diagnosis (by physicians) for such ailment requires time and is vulnerable to inaccuracy. There have been several computer vision-based algorithms created for autonomously recognizing DR and its different stages from retina scans. The results of this research utilize fundus-colored images to provide a computational method for recognizing and categorizing the condition via a convolution neural network.
Innovative Architectures and Management Strategies in 5G Communication Networks
Authors: Subramanian Barathi , Al Naamani, Karima Salim Hashil , Mary Amirtha Sagayee Dr. G.
Published: July 2024

The evolution of communication networks has witnessed a remarkable transformation with the advent of 5G technology. As the latest generation of cellular networks, 5G promises to revolutionize the way we connect, communicate, and interact with the digital world. This paper explores the architecture, management, and implications of 5G communication networks, shedding light on the key features, challenges, and opportunities presented by this transformative technology. At the core of 5G networks lies a sophisticated architecture designed to deliver unprecedented levels of speed, reliability, and connectivity. The 5G New Radio (NR) architecture encompasses three primary components: the User Equipment (UE), the Radio Access Network (RAN), and the Core Network (CN). These components work in tandem to facilitate seamless communication between user devices and the broader network infrastructure. One of the defining features of 5G networks is their ability to support significantly higher data speeds and lower latency compared to previous generations. With the potential to deliver data rates of several gigabits per second and latency as low as a few milliseconds, 5G opens the door to a plethora of innovative applications and services, ranging from immersive virtual reality experiences to real-time remote surgeries. Effective management of 5G networks is paramount to ensuring optimal performance, reliability, and security. Network management systems employ advanced algorithms for dynamic resource allocation, quality of service (QoS) optimization, and network slicing. Network slicing, in particular, enables operators to create virtual networks tailored to specific use cases, such as enhanced mobile broadband, massive IoT deployments, and mission-critical communications. However, the deployment and management of 5G networks pose several challenges and considerations. Infrastructure deployment requires substantial investment and coordination, while ensuring interoperability between different vendors' equipment and standards remains a pressing issue. Spectrum availability and allocation also play a critical role in determining the performance and capacity of 5G networks, necessitating careful regulatory oversight and spectrum management strategies. Despite these challenges, the implications of 5G technology are far-reaching and profound. From empowering smart cities and autonomous vehicles to enabling the widespread adoption of IoT devices and applications, 5G networks have the potential to reshape industries, drive innovation, and enhance the quality of life for billions of people around the world. 5G communication networks represent a paradigm shift in the way we connect and communicate. With their advanced architecture, dynamic management capabilities, and transformative potential, 5G networks are poised to unlock new opportunities, accelerate digital transformation, and usher in a new era of connectivity and innovation.
A Survey on Blockchain Technology in Communication Protocols
Authors: Lenin Dr. J. , Hussain S Dr. Hasan , P J Arul Leena Rose , Roshan Sahana
Published: July 2024

Offering decentralized and secure solutions to age-old problems. In the realm of communication protocols, where Blockchain technology has emerged as a disruptive force across various industries, trust, security, and transparency are paramount, blockchain holds immense promise. This paper delves into the integration of blockchain technology into communication protocols, exploring its potential impact, challenges, and future directions. The paper begins by elucidating the fundamental concepts of blockchain technology, emphasizing its decentralized nature, cryptographic security, and immutable ledger. It then delineates the significance of communication protocols in facilitating data exchange, highlighting the need for robust mechanisms to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. Subsequently, the paper examines how blockchain technology can augment existing communication protocols by introducing decentralized consensus mechanisms, enhancing data integrity through cryptographic hashing, and fortifying security through encryption techniques. It elucidates how blockchain-enabled communication protocols can mitigate single points of failure, resist tampering, and provide transparent audit trails, thereby fostering trust in communication networks. Furthermore, the paper discusses various applications of blockchain technology in communication protocols, ranging from secure messaging platforms and decentralized social networks to verifiable data transmission and digital identity management. It explores the potential of blockchain to revolutionize peer-to-peer communication, enabling direct interaction without intermediaries while preserving privacy and security. Moreover, the paper addresses the challenges and limitations associated with integrating blockchain into communication protocols, including scalability concerns, latency issues, and regulatory hurdles. It underscores the need for ongoing research and development to overcome these obstacles and realize the full potential of blockchain technology in communication networks. Finally, the paper concludes by envisioning future trends and advancements in blockchain-enabled communication protocols, such as the integration of artificial intelligence for dynamic routing and optimization, the emergence of interoperable blockchain standards for seamless intefgration across diverse networks, and the proliferation of decentralized autonomous communication systems. In summary, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the integration of blockchain technology into communication protocols, highlighting its transformative potential, challenges, and future prospects. It underscores the importance of continued innovation and collaboration to harness the full benefits of blockchain in shaping the future of communication networks.
A Survey On Non – linear Optimization And Global Optimization Methods
Authors: Khan Surbhi Bhatia , Thilagavathy R. , Priyadarsini K. , P J Arul Leena Rose
Published: July 2024

Non-linear optimization and global optimization methods are crucial in solving complex real-world problems where the objective functions and constraints are not linear. Non-linear optimization involves finding the best solution in the presence of non-linear relationships among the variables. These problems arise in various fields such as engineering design, economics, machine learning, and operational research. The primary challenge in non-linear optimization is the potential existence of multiple local optima, which can make it difficult to identify the global optimum. Global optimization methods are designed to overcome this challenge by searching for the global optimum, which is the best possible solution among all local optima. These methods can be broadly categorized into deterministic and stochastic approaches. Deterministic methods, such as branch and bound, interval analysis, and cutting-plane methods, systematically explore the search space and provide guarantees of finding the global optimum or bounds on the global optimum. These methods are often rigorous but can be computationally expensive, especially for high-dimensional problems. On the other hand, stochastic methods, such as genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, and particle swarm optimization, use probabilistic rules to explore the search space. These methods are inspired by natural processes and heuristics, offering flexibility and often being more efficient for large-scale problems. While they do not guarantee finding the global optimum, they are widely used due to their ability to escape local optima and explore the search space effectively. Hybrid methods that combine deterministic and stochastic approaches have also gained popularity. These methods leverage the strengths of both approaches, enhancing the robustness and efficiency of the optimization process. For example, a hybrid algorithm might use a stochastic method to explore the search space broadly and then apply a deterministic method to refine the search around promising areas. Recent advancements in computational power and algorithmic development have significantly improved the efficiency and applicability of non-linear and global optimization methods. Techniques such as machine learning-based optimization and parallel computing have enabled the handling of more complex and larger-scale optimization problems. Moreover, these advancements have facilitated the integration of optimization methods into real-time and adaptive systems, further broadening their applications.
Diastema Closure in Conservative Dentistry
Authors: Alhashimi Angham , Ahmed Akbar Zahraa , Sattar jassim Zeena , Hussein Saleem Rawaa , Mousa Ibrahim Sara
Published: July 2024

Diastema, or gaps in the front teeth, is unsightly and can have a detrimental effect on an individual's self-confidence and ability to make professional connections in social and professional settings. Therefore, examining the patient's wants, desires, and aesthetic concerns is important to evaluate the treatment plan to get optimal results. Modern eons have seen an upsurge in the need for interdisciplinary relationship between orthodontics, restorative dentistry, and periodontology to achieve an effective treatment plan and consequence. The black triangle (gingival embrasure without papilla), which occurs when a diastema is closed directly, is a major issue in aesthetic dentistry. The black triangle will ruin the patients' smiles; therefore, it is best to avoid it. The composite mastic used to seal diastemas should have sufficient convexity in the gingivo-incisal direction to prevent this issue. Closing a diastema can be done in several ways, some of which take a long time or do not give a good contour.
Sedekah.Ind: Platform Securities Crowdfunding Syariah Berbasis Sedekah Digital Sebagai Upaya Pemberdayaan Kesejahteraan Umat
Authors: Agustina Rina Samsiyah , Nazla Luluwatun
Published: July 2024

Penetrasi teknologi informasi di era Revolusi Industri 4.0 ini telah mentransformasi berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat, termasuk tradisi bersedekah. Platform Sedekah.Ind hadir sebagai inovasi platform Securities Securities Crowdfunding Syariah yang memungkinkan masyarakat untuk berkontribusi dalam proyek-proyek pemberdayaan umat melalui penggalangan dana secara digital. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif eksploratif. Perkembangan teknologi digital yang pesat ini dapat dilihat dengan munculnya berbagai alat komunikasi yang canggih dan modern. Alat-alat ini memungkinkan individu untuk terlibat dalam aktivitas dalam jaringan seperti berkomunikasi jarak jauh dan juga belanja online. Sedekah.Ind memfasilitasi proses donasi secara online, menyediakan informasi transparan mengenai proyek-proyek sedekah, dan memastikan pengelolaan dana yang terkumpul disalurkan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Melalui Sedekah.Ind, masyarakat dapat memanfaatkan potensi teknologi informasi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas pengelolaan dana sedekah, serta memperluas dampak positif seperti mempermudah akses bagi masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan filantropi, meningkatkan jumlah donatur, dan frekuensi donasi yang dapat dialokasikan sebagai pemerataan kesejahteraan baik di bidang pendidikan, layanan kesehatan dan modal ekonomi. Ini mendorong pemerataan distribusi bantuan kepada yang membutuhkan, termasuk daerah terpencil yang sebelumnya sulit dijangkau, hal inilah yang dapat memperkuat kesejahteraan umat dan membangun masyarakat yang lebih berdaya.
Peran Moderasi Kinerja Amil Pada Pengaruh Zakat Produktif Terhadap Kesejahteraan Mustahik BAZNAS Kabupaten Demak
Authors: Afina Khoirun Nissa , Cahyono Edi
Published: July 2024

Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kabupaten Demak merupakan lembaga zakat yang memiliki berbagai program, salah satunya zakat produktif yang berfokus pada pengelolaan dana zakat untuk membantu para mustahik dari BAZNAS Kabupaten Demak meningkatkan kesejahteraan melalui bantuan modal usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh zakat produktif terhadap kesejahteraan mustahik dengan kinerja amil sebagai variabel moderasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan melakukan survei melalui kuesioner yang diberikan kepada 158 mustahik penerima bantuan program Zakat Produktif dalam bentuk modal usaha dan bersifat individu dari BAZNAS Kabupaten Demak. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampling jenuh dengan analisis data menggunakan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa zakat produktif dan kinerja amil berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan mustahik. Namun, kinerja amil tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh zakat produktif terhadap kesejahteraan mustahik. Meskipun demikian, hasil analisis lebih lanjut dengan melakukan split sampel menunjukkan bahwa kinerja amil dapat memperkuat pengaruh zakat produktif terhadap kesejahteraan mustahik ketika diterapkan pada mustahik yang sudah menikah.
Publicer gamle numre og artikler
Authors: Fogtmann-Schulz Alexandra
Published: July 2024

Følg denne vejledning, hvis du skal publicere gamle numre af et tidsskrift, dvs. numre (og artikler deri), der skal have en anden publiceringsdato end den dag, du publicerer det på tidsskrift.dk. Dette kan skyldes, at nummeret tidligere er blevet publiceret et andet sted, enten på print eller på en anden hjemmeside, men nu skal publiceres på tidsskrift.dk. Da vil det stadig skulle forsynes med den oprindelige publiceringsdato, og ikke den dato, det blev publiceret på tidsskrift.dk.
Zonas funcionales y Desarrollo Territorial: perfil diferenciado del personal técnico en desarrollo local de la Comunitat Valenciana (España)
Authors: Aguado Hernández Juli Antoni , Sigalat Signes Enric , Calvo Palomares Ricard
Published: July 2024

El modelo de desarrollo local y del personal técnico que lo implementa en el territorio (ADL o AEDL) en la Comunitat Valenciana no ha sido abordado de forma desagregada por sus zonas funcionales. Sobre esta base, la principal aportación del trabajo que se presenta es el estudio del perfil de los/as ADL en cada una de las zonas la Estrategia Territorial 2010-2030 de la región. Con ello se pretende conocer si existen diferencias significativas entre quienes desarrollan este modelo en los distintos territorios y en qué elementos se dan dichas singularidades. Se trata de una aproximación exploratoria y descriptiva mediante una encuesta a dichos profesionales (n=225) que no renuncia a buscar algunas explicaciones iniciales determinando la asociación o independencia entre las zonas y el resto de variables y características de los/as AEDL. Para ello se han considerado cuatro ámbitos: sistema interior-rural, franja intermedia, espacios litorales y Área Metropolitana de Valencia. Las principales conclusiones son un modelo de desarrollo local con rasgos diferenciadas en cada una de dichas zonas, tanto en las variables demográficas y formativas como en la antigüedad de la agencia en la que trabajan, la experiencia del/la agente y en la agencia actual, así como su condición laboral.
Localización de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en el municipio Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara, Cuba
Authors: Moré Estupiñán Mavel
Published: July 2024

El conocimiento de la Agenda 2030 y sus Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) ayuda a evaluar el punto de partida de los países, y a analizar y formular los medios para alcanzar una nueva visión del desarrollo sostenible. Para facilitar la implementación de los ODS localizados en el municipio Sagua la Grande, provincia Villa Clara, Cuba, se realiza el presente estudio, con el objetivo de proponer un Sistema de acciones para tal fin. En correspondencia, se selecciona un grupo de estudio conformado por los miembros del Consejo de la Administración Municipal y los delegados de la Asamblea Municipal del Poder Popular; y se emplean, en sistema, diversos métodos científicos. En consecuencia, se elabora el Sistema con su objetivo y sus diecisiete acciones agrupadas en cuatro subsistemas (áreas clave). La valoración por criterio de usuarios confirma la pertinencia y relevancia de este resultado científico. La introducción y evaluación de sus impactos se convierten en propósitos posteriores del proceso investigativo. El Sistema de acciones constituye una tarea de investigación del Proyecto: «Creación de capacidades para el desarrollo local. Papel de la Educación Superior», asociado al Programa Nacional: «Desarrollo local en Cuba».
Assessment of the traffic noise reduction when using tramway screening
Authors: Pietrzak Karol , Tokarski Zbigniew , Kowalski Karol J.
Published: July 2024

The aim of the conducted research was to assess the effectiveness of the applied solutions for reducing traffic noise, using the tramline in Bydgoszcz (the largest new tramline in Poland in the last 25 years) as an example. The research of traffic noise was carried out during both the execution of the investment in 2014 and the assembly of noise barriers in 2015, as well as after launching tram traffic in 2016. Measurements of the intensity and type structure of road traffic were made. The results of on-site measurements were compared to the standard permissible values of traffic noise and also to guidelines about the scale of traffic noise nuisance, which were developed by the National Institute of Hygiene. The effectiveness of the used acoustic barriers and their impact on the acoustic comfort for users of the road environment, mainly residents of multi-family buildings, were verified. Based on the carried out measurements, a high efficiency of the applied acoustic barriers, which caused a reduction of sound level by approximately 10 dB(A) was proved.
Suitability evaluation of calcareous fly ash as an active mineral additive to concrete
Authors: Giergiczny Zbigniew , Synowiec Katarzyna , Żak Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

The article presents test results concerning the possibility of applying calcareous fly ash as a II type additive in concrete composition. It has been found that domestic calcareous fly ashes are characterized by not sufficient fineness (too many coarse particles) and by large water demand. These qualities constitute a main cause of calcareous fly ash negative influence on rheological properties of concrete mixture (high w/c ratio, rapid loss of consistency) and of a significant reduction of chemical admixtures performance (plasticizers, superplasticizers and air-entraining agents). Mechanical activation (grinding) reduces water demand and increases activation of calcareous fly ash. Hardened concrete with an addition of calcareous fly ash is distinguished by large tightness and the compressive strength comparable to the one of concrete produced on Portland cement CEM I. Properly air-entrained concrete with calcareous fly ash addition presents adequate frost resistance.
The resistance of mortars and concrete with calcareous fly ash on alkaline corrosion
Authors: Drożdż Wojciech , Giergiczny Zbigniew
Published: July 2024

Results of the research on alkali-silica reaction in the presence of calcareous fly ash are presented in the paper. Cements containing different calcareous fly ash quantity, including addition of other non-clinker cement constituents, i.e. siliceous fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag and ground limestone, were examined. Measurements of hardening mortars and concrete linear changes, performed according to ASTM standards, were used to evaluate the influence of calcareous fly ash on mitigation of alkali-silica reaction (ASR). The significance of chosen chemical and physical properties of calcareous fly ash in suppressing ASR expansion was also analyzed. Authors indicated that proper quantities of calcareous fly ash may improve the resistance of mortars and concrete to alkali-silica reaction.
Model investigations and numerical analysis of an arch shaped footbridge
Authors: Bęc Jarosław , Lipecki Tomasz , Flaga Andrzej , Bosak Grzegorz
Published: July 2024

Complex aerodynamic analysis of the "Kazimierz-Podgórze" bridge for pedestrians and bicycles traffic over Vistula River has been presented in the paper. The analysis consists of model tests performed in the wind tunnel and aerodynamic calculations. Aerodynamic coefficients of drag Cx, lift Cy and moment Cm for three sections of the bridge in dependence on the angle of wind attack in the range -15° to +15° have been obtained from the wind tunnel tests. These functions of the aerodynamic coefficients have been used to determine the wind action on the footbridge according to the quasi-steady theory, and to estimate the possibility of self-induced vibrations of the bridge deck. The bridge dynamic characteristics: frequencies and mode shapes, as well as displacements, internal forces and stresses in particular structural elements under the dynamic wind action have been determined numerically. Static analysis of the bridge under a deadweight only has been performed for comparison. Due to circular cross-section of an arch girder, dynamic analysis of the bridge with vortex excitation of the arch girder has also been performed. This excitation has been applied to the structure simultaneously with the dynamic wind action at the mean wind speed equal to the critical wind speed. The criteria for pedestrian comfort in presence of vibrations generated by wind have also been examined.
Rutting prediction for stabilized soils based on the cyclic CBR test
Authors: Sas Wojciech , Głuchowski Andrzej
Published: July 2024

Rutting mechanism is complex and still being clarified. In order to predict rut depth on the basis of empirical tests and to establish the mechanism of its creation, sophisticated experiments, such as accelerate pavement testing (APT), are being carried out. To find the proper way of predicting rut depth, mathematic models are also created. It should also be noted, in order to obtain results in line with reality, that the nature of the soil affects the depth of rutting. This paper present results of the cyclic CBR test carried out on chemically stabilized sandy clay with the addition of the 8% hydrated lime prepared in CBR mold with respect to Proctor compaction rules. Sandy clay was subjected to cCBR test after either non-stabilized, 1 hour, 14 or 30 days from stabilization with lime. The aim of the cCBR test was to predict rutting depth, calculated with Plastic Displacement (P-D) model. Thus obtained data were compared with test results and some modification was proposed in order to obtain more accurate prediction of rut depth. Also, statistical analysis of correlation between the modeled permanent displacement and the one obtained during the test was made.
Numerical analysis of a soil-shell bridge with a reinforced concrete relieving slab
Authors: Bęben Damian , Stryczek Adam Jan
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the results of numerical analysis of the behaviour under static loads of a soil-shell bridge equipped with a reinforced concrete (RC) relieving slab. The relevant calculations were carried out using Abaqus program based on finite element method (FEM). Two computational models have been derived: one with and the other without a RC relieving slab. The analysis included determination of the effect of the RC relieving slab on the steel shell made of corrugated plates. The results obtained with the two above-mentioned numerical models were compared to show that the relieving slab resulted in a considerable reduction of the displacements and stresses, namely 55-63% for displacements and 73-82% for stress). The maximum displacements occur at the shell crown while the highest stresses occur at the shell quarter-points. The results of calculations were compared with the experimental data and with the results of earlier calculations carried out with Robot Millenium program. The displacement and stress curves are close to the experimental results. Generally the absolute values of displacements and stresses were higher than the experimental data.
Load-carrying capacity of steel railway bridges of the second half of XIX century - discussion
Authors: Wichtowski Bernard
Published: July 2024

The load-bearing capacity of steel railway Bridges build in the 2nd half of XIX century is discussed. The reason for the discussion is the paper published in quarterly “Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty" No. 2 (2014). It was concluded that for verification of load carrying capacity of bridges exploited for a long time, the long term effects on the material properties should be taken into account.
Effective communication of information via variable message signing from the point of view of driver’s basic skills
Authors: Bugdol Monika N. , Wijata Agata M. , Wacławska Katarzyna , Piwowarski Seweryn , Skotnicka Maria , Dyrda Anna
Published: July 2024

The article presents a study carried out in the field of drivers' reaction on variable message signs. For the purpose of the experiment a measuring station has been constructed consisting of a variable message sign and a device equipped with sensors containing a vehicle seat, steering wheel and pedals. The time to start the reaction, the reaction time and the response correctness to the displayed information has been checked. In most cases the VMS has been pseudorandomly damaged. Numerical results of the study has been analyzed statistically, and the results of this analysis are an important part of the article. It has been carried out in the form of statistical tests and descriptive statistics and allowed to determine the relationship between the values of the average examined times, also in the context of the accuracy of the reaction and the sign type. No reaction has been usually noted in case of failure of one or three panels. Observations important from a practical point of view have been articulated in the conclusions.
The value of human life: a comparative analysis of evaluation methods for costs of road occurrences
Authors: Jaździk-Osmólska Agata
Published: July 2024

The present paper outlines generally adopted and universally applied methodological assumptions of the evaluation of road accidents costs in the member states of the European Union. The valuation of road occurrences is recommended by means of EU directives as an essential element of safety processes of the road traffic. However, the level of data accessibility in individual member states has an effect on valuation details and the subjective scope of component categories of road accident unit costs. That is why the value of road accident costs is one of the least authoritative parameters because it is really difficult to compare its values coming from separate countries. The most significant evaluation element of accident costs has exactly humanistic dimension because it is about the valuation of non-material effects in the form of pain, sufferings, and finally the social exclusion. The paper elaborates essential problems related to the evaluation of basic categories of road accident costs (selected with regard to the data accessibility) and presents a couple of selected crucial categories of cost valuation in a social context including the value of human life.