bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement on Arterial Stiffness: Does the Valve Type Matter?
Authors: Sigala Evangelia , Terentes-Printzios Dimitrios , Gardikioti Vasiliki , Baikoussis Nikolaos G. , Koumallos Nikolaos , Katsaros Andreas , Lozos Vasileios , Kouerinis Ilias , Triantafillou Konstantinos , Filis Konstantinos , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Vlachopoulos Charalambos
Published: May 2024

Background: Despite the increasing use of transcatheter aortic valve procedures, many patients still require surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Assessing arterial properties in patients undergoing SAVR for aortic valve stenosis can be challenging, and the existing evidence is inconclusive. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of SAVR on vascular stiffness and the quality of life, as well as the different effects of valve type on arterial properties. Methods: We included 60 patients (mean age 70.25 ± 8.76 years, 65% men) with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who underwent SAVR. Arterial stiffness (cfPWV, baPWV) and vascular parameters (AIx@75, central pressures, SEVR) were measured at baseline, pre-discharge, and 1-year post-operation. The QOL was assessed using the generic questionnaire—short-form health survey 36 (SF-36) pre-operatively and at 1 year. Results: Post-SAVR, cfPWV increased immediately (7.67 ± 1.70 m/s vs. 8.27 ± 1.92 m/s, p = 0.009) and persisted at 1 year (8.27 ± 1.92 m/s vs. 9.29 ± 2.59 m/s, p ≤ 0.001). Similarly, baPWV (n = 55) increased acutely (1633 ± 429 cm/s vs. 2014 ± 606 cm/s, p < 0.001) and remained elevated at 1 year (1633 ± 429 cm/s vs. 1867 ± 408 cm/s, p < 0.001). Acute decrease in Alx@75 (31.16 ± 10% vs. 22.48 ± 13%, p < 0.001) reversed at 1 year (31.16 ± 10% vs. 30.98 ± 9%, p = 0.71). SEVR improved (136.1 ± 30.4% vs. 149.2 ± 32.7%, p = 0.01) and persisted at 1 year (136.1 ± 30.4% vs. 147.5 ± 30.4%, p = 0.01). SV had a greater cfPWV increase at 1 year (p = 0.049). The QOL improved irrespective of arterial stiffness changes. Conclusions: After SAVR, arterial stiffness demonstrates a persistent increase at 1-year, with valve type having a slight influence on the outcomes. These findings remain consistent despite the perceived QOL.
Double Primary Cancer of the Prostate and Urothelial Cancer: A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Hoshi Senji , Bilim Vladimir , Hoshi Kiyotsugu , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Kato Tomoyuki , Urano Kota , Yamada Tomoya , Sakagami Rie , Kudo Takashi , Numahata Kenji , Sasagawa Isoji
Published: May 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the second most common cancer in Japanese males, while bladder cancer (BC) holds the tenth spot. Among double urological cancers, the incidence of synchronous or metachronous BC and PCa is the highest. Reports on upper urinary tract (UUT) urothelial cancer (UC) in PCa patients are limited. Here, we present three cases of metachronous PCa and BC, with subsequent diagnosis of ureteral and renal pelvic cancer during the course of the disease. In the follow-up of patients with urological cancers, it is important to be aware not only of the progression of the initial cancer but also the potential development of a second cancer.
The Deterioration of Sarcopenia Post-Transarterial Radioembolization with Holmium-166 Serves as a Predictor for Disease Progression at 3 Months in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Pilot Study
Authors: Trobiani Claudio , Ubaldi Nicolò , Teodoli Leonardo , Tipaldi Marcello Andrea , Cappelli Federico , Ungania Sara , Vallati Giulio
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The aim of this pilot study is to explore the relationship between changes in sarcopenia before and after one to three months of Transarterial Radioembolization (TARE) treatment with Holmium-166 (166Ho) and its effect on the rate of local response. Our primary objective is to assess whether the worsening of sarcopenia can function as an early indicator of a subgroup of patients at increased risk of disease progression in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis was performed on 25 patients with HCC who underwent 166Ho-TARE. Sarcopenia status was defined according to the measurement of the psoas muscle index (PMI) at baseline, one month, and three months after TARE. Radiological response according to mRECIST criteria was assessed and patients were grouped into responders and non-responders. The loco-regional response rate was evaluated for all patients before and after treatment, and was compared with sarcopenia status to identify any potential correlation. Results: A total of 20 patients were analyzed. According to the sarcopenia status at 1 month and 3 months, two groups were defined as follows: patients in which the deltaPMI was stable or increased (No-Sarcopenia group; n = 12) vs. patients in which the deltaPMI decreased (Sarcopenia group; n = 8). Three months after TARE, a significant difference in sarcopenia status was noted (p = 0.041) between the responders and non-responders, with the non-responder group showing a decrease in the sarcopenia values with a median deltaPMI of −0.57, compared to a median deltaPMI of 0.12 in the responder group. Therefore, deltaPMI measured three months post-TARE can be considered as a predictive biomarker for the local response rate (p = 0.028). Lastly, a minor deltaPMI variation (>−0.293) was found to be indicative of positive treatment outcomes (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The decline in sarcopenia three months post-TARE with Holmium-166 is a reliable predictor of worse loco-regional response rate, as evaluated radiologically, in patients with HCC. Sarcopenia measurement has the potential to be a valuable assessment tool in the management of HCC patients undergoing TARE. However, further prospective and randomized studies involving larger cohorts are necessary to confirm and validate these findings.
Searching for a Better Animal Model for Chronic Tympanic Membrane Perforation
Authors: Bularda Dragoș , Șerban Roxana , Butnaru Corina , Mareș Mihai , Burtan Liviu Catalin , Rădulescu Luminița , Mârțu Cristian
Published: May 2024

Chronic tympanic membrane perforation represents a prevalent otological condition, necessitating a reliable animal model for the validation and safety assessment of surgical techniques and materials employed in myringoplasty. This prospective study involved the establishment of chronic tympanic membrane perforation animal models in 16 chinchillas. A thermic myringotomy was conducted on the right ear (study group), followed by cold instrument myringotomy, coupled with the topical application of mitomycin C and dexamethasone solution on the left ear (control group). Results revealed that tympanic membrane perforations in the study group persisted for a minimum of 4 weeks in 93.7% of cases and extended to 12 weeks in 62.5% of the cases. In contrast, all tympanic membrane perforations in the control group were present at 4 weeks, with only 37.5% persisting after 12 weeks, although statistical tests did not find significant differences between the two groups (chi-square: p-value = 0.157, Kruskal–Wallis: p-value = 0.093, Mann–Whitney: p-value = 0.121). The thermic myringotomy employed to induce chronic tympanic membrane perforation in animals demonstrated efficiency and sustainability. This model, characterized by stability and reproducibility, holds promise for future experimental applications in the field.
Deciphering the Link: Correlating REM Sleep Patterns with Depressive Symptoms via Consumer Wearable Technology
Authors: Crișan Cătălina Angela , Stretea Roland , Bonea Maria , Fîntînari Vadim , Țața Ioan Marian , Stan Alexandru , Micluția Ioana Valentina , Cherecheș Răzvan Mircea , Milhem Zaki
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the correlation between REM sleep patterns, as measured by the Apple Watch, and depressive symptoms in an undiagnosed population. Employing the Apple Watch for data collection, REM sleep duration and frequency were monitored over a specified period. Concurrently, participants’ depressive symptoms were evaluated using standardized questionnaires. The analysis, primarily using Spearman’s correlation, revealed noteworthy findings. A significant correlation was observed between an increased REM sleep proportion and higher depressive symptom scores, with a correlation coefficient of 0.702, suggesting a robust relationship. These results highlight the potential of using wearable technology, such as the Apple Watch, in early detection and intervention for depressive symptoms, suggesting that alterations in REM sleep could serve as preliminary indicators of depressive tendencies. This approach offers a non-invasive and accessible means to monitor and potentially preempt the progression of depressive disorders. This study’s implications extend to the broader context of mental health, emphasizing the importance of sleep assessment in routine health evaluations, particularly for individuals exhibiting early signs of depressive symptoms.
The Dynamics of Vegetation Structure, Composition and Carbon Stock in Peatland Ecosystem of Old Secondary Forest in Riau and South Sumatra Provinces
Authors: Dharmawan I Wayan Susi , Heriyanto Nur M. , Garsetiasih Raden , Kwatrina Rozza Tri , Sawitri Reny , Denny  , Setyawati Titiek , Pratiwi  , Narendra Budi Hadi , Siregar Chairil Anwar , Abywijaya Ilham Kurnia
Published: May 2024

Lowland tropical rainforests provide an abundance of biodiversity as well as dynamic and stable ecosystems. These forests include tropical peat forests in various locations and forest types that have vegetation structure and composition characteristics, and carbon stocks that still need to be explored more deeply. Research on the structure and the composition of the vegetation and carbon stock in the old secondary peat forest was carried out in the protected areas of Bukit Batu, Riau Province, and Muara Merang, South Sumatra Province. Based on a 1-hectare permanent plot established in Bukit Batu and Muara Merang, 25 subplots of 20 m by 20 m were established in each location for measurement purposes. The results showed that Bukit Batu and Muara Merang had 42 and 36 species belonging to 26 and 20 families, respectively. Bukit Batu had a species diversity index (H’) of 2.93, and the dominant tree species were Palaquium xanthochymum with an importance value index (IVI) = 66.27%, Eugenia sp. (IVI = 32.76%), and Litsea sp. (IVI = 18.39%). The Muara Merang location had a species diversity index (H’) of 2.82, and the dominant tree species were Eugenia sp. (IVI = 60.88%), Alseodaphne insignis (IVI = 26.34%), and Adenanthera pavonina (IVI = 22.11%). In Bukit Batu, forest stands with a diameter of ≥10 cm contained a biomass of 178.10 tonnes/ha and carbon stock of 83.70 tonnes C/ha, which is equal to 307.20 tonnes CO2/ha. Meanwhile, in Muara Merang, it was 190.41 tonnes/ha and 89.49 tonnes C/ha, which is equal to 328.44 tonnes CO2/ha. This research, especially that in Bukit Batu, Riau Province, enriches the data and information available to date and is very useful in supporting restoration practices in Riau Province’s Giam Siak Kecil Biosphere Reserve, which was designated by UNESCO as part of the Man and Biosphere Program.
The Impact of High-Standard Farmland Construction Policies on the Carbon Emissions from Agricultural Land Use (CEALU)
Authors: Liu Fangsheng , Lin Jian
Published: May 2024

Agricultural activities are the second largest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and carbon emissions from agricultural land use (CEALU) have become a hot issue across the world. Although there are some studies on the impact of high-standard farmland construction policies on carbon emissions, they focus on quantitative analysis and do not give sufficient consideration to the relationship between HSFC and CEALU. Therefore, in this study, by relying on provincial panel data of China for the period 2005–2017, the effect of the high-standard basic farmland construction policy on carbon emissions from agricultural land use per unit area and its regional differences were quantitatively analyzed using the difference-in-difference (DID) model. The results showed that: (1) China’s CEALU per unit area presented a fluctuating upward change, but the growth rate slowed down during the period 2005–2017, from 392.58 kg/ha to 457.72 kg/ha, with an average annual growth rate of 1.31%; (2) the high-standard farmland construction (HSFC) policy led a significant carbon emission reduction effect in agricultural land use and reduced the CEALU per unit area by 10.80% on average. With the promotion of this policy, its carbon emission reduction effect in agricultural land use presented an overall increasing change; (3) the carbon emission reduction effect of the high-standard farmland construction policy in agricultural land use was significant in central China, but non-significant in eastern China and western China.
Urban Waterfront Regeneration on Ecological and Historical Dimensions: Insight from a Unique Case in Beijing, China
Authors: Chen Lulu , Leng Hong , Dai Jian , Liu Yi , Yuan Ziqing
Published: May 2024

To address current ecological issues and a lack of historical preservation in Beijing’s waterfront, it has become necessary to establish an urban design project that optimizes these aspects. This study focuses on “Beijing’s Waterfront Overall Urban Design,” a project that integrates government requirements with Beijing’s waterfront urban design characteristics and problems to establish an urban layer system from two dimensions: historical and ecological. It explores how the urban layer system can be applied to Beijing’s overall waterfront urban design, from investigation to evaluation, analysis, visualization, and strategy development. First, an urban layer system for Beijing’s waterfront was established from a historical perspective, based on urban setting and construction stages and space utilization, referring to the literature and field surveys. The evolution of urban layers of waterbodies, the water–city relationship, and water functions was systematically analyzed. Second, an urban layer system was established for the ecological dimension of Beijing’s waterfront based on a literature review, expert interviews, and analytic hierarchy process methods. It included four urban layers: waterbody, greening, shoreline, and ecological function. The quality of the ecological urban design of 54 waterfront reaches in Beijing was evaluated using questionnaires and field surveys. Third, a series of urban layer maps was generated using the mapping method. Finally, urban design strategies were developed based on the combined historical and ecological characteristics and problems of Beijing’s waterfront. The results of this study and the concept of an urban layer system for waterfront urban design can benefit waterfront urban design projects and future studies.
Examining the Relationship between Geographic Groupings and Perspective of Critical Community Issues: An Audience Segmentation Analysis
Authors: Schmidt Alyssa , Lamm Kevan W. , Borron Abigail , Lamm Alexa J.
Published: May 2024

The present study examined whether perception of critical community issues was dependent on respondents’ rurality, geographic region, or extension district in the state of Georgia, located in the southeastern United States. A non-probability sampling procedure was employed. A total of 3,374 responses were collected. Five critical community issue themes were analyzed: (1) youth and family development, (2) civic engagement and community development, (3) agriculture and economic development, (4) nutrition education and food availability, and (5) water. Descriptive statistics were analyzed. A series of chi-squared tests of independence were used to test for significant relationships between perception of critical community issues and geographic grouping. Statistically significant differences were observed between all groups (rurality, region, and district). Specifically, significant relationships were observed between all groups and perception of youth and family development and agriculture and economic development. A significant relationship between region and perception of civic engagement and community leadership was observed. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between rurality and water observed. The results indicate that programming efforts should be informed both by proximal communities as well as non-proximal communities sharing common characteristics.
Recreational Ecosystem Services in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau National Park Group: Mapping, Monetization, and Evaluation
Authors: Yuan Mengqi , Han Fang , Ma Xuankai , Wang Tian , Liang Qixiang
Published: May 2024

Recreational ecosystem services (RESs) are the subset of ecosystem services (ESs) that contribute to human society through recreation, recreation opportunities, and experiences. Existing RESs mostly focus on a single recreational landscape; alternatively, when mapping RESs, multiple types of landscapes are often drawn together, ignoring the differences in recreational landscape (RL) types and affecting the accuracy of the mapping. At the same time, quantifying the monetary value of RESs has been a challenge due to the lack of market substitutes that can approximate the prices associated with these non-excludable goods. This study used the MaxENT model, then classified and used recreational resource POI data, combined with environmental data on the existence or generation of different types of RL, mapped RES from the perspective of RL supply, and conducted monetization and evaluations of RL. The results show that the models’ AUC values are all greater than 0.7, and the distribution of RL supply can be drawn relatively accurately. The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau National Park Group (QTPNPG) has the largest high-quality geomorphic recreational landscape (69,081.02 km2), followed by a high-quality biological recreational landscape (59,348.65 km2) and a high-quality hydrological recreational landscape (33,251.20 km2). The national parks in the eastern part of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau have a larger proportion of high-value areas of the RES. The total monetary value of the RES is CNY 8.323 billion, and the average monetary value of RES per unit area is CNY 20,200/km2. Our study optimizes the method of mapping RESs and provides a new way of quantifying the monetary value of RESs. The results can provide a reference for the recreational development of THE QTPNPG and its contribution to regional sustainable development.
Assessment and Simulation of Urban Ecological Environment Quality Based on Geographic Information System Ecological Index
Authors: Che Lusheng , Yin Shuyan , Jin Junfang , Wu Weijian
Published: May 2024

The urban ecological environment is crucial to the quality of life of residents and the sustainable development of the region, and the assessment and prediction of the ecological environment quality can provide a scientific guidance for ecological environment management and improvement. We proposed a novel approach to assess and simulate the urban ecological environment quality using the Geographic Information System Ecological Index (GISEI). First, we calculated the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) for Xi’an in 2020. Second, we selected land use data, mean annual temperature, and mean annual relative humidity as ecological indicators. We regressed these indicators on the RSEI to obtain the GISEI of Xi’an in 2020. Finally, we simulated the GISEI of Xi’an in 2030 by predicting the ecological indicators and analyzed the changes in the ecological environment quality. The results of the study show that the ecological environment quality in Xi’an in 2020 is better overall. By 2030, most of the ecological environment quality in Xi’an will be worse, and the proportion of the excellent area will decrease from 42.8% to 3.8%. The more serious ecological degradation is mainly located in the regions bordering the Qinling Mountains and the Guanzhong Plain, and the ecological environment quality in most areas of the Qinling Mountains will deteriorate from excellent to good.
Ocular Manifestation in Systemic Sclerosis—A Literature Review
Authors: Paczwa Katarzyna , Rerych Magdalena , Romanowska-Próchnicka Katarzyna , Różycki Radosław , Gołębiewska Joanna
Published: May 2024

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease that affects more than 2 million people worldwide. It manifests through vasculopathy, an abnormal immunological response, and fibrosis leading to dysfunction of the multiple organs. The disease is categorized into two subtypes: limited cutaneous SSc and diffuse cutaneous SSc. Scleroderma can affect vital organs with respiratory, cardiac, renal, ocular, and dermatological complications. The ocular manifestations of the disease can occur in the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Changes in the anterior segment related to the disease include eyelid skin remodeling, dry eye syndrome, and conjunctival abnormalities. The disease’s impact on the posterior segment of the eye mostly causes pathologies in the retinal microcirculatory system and abnormalities in the optic nerve. This review provides detailed insights into ocular complications associated with scleroderma.
Closing the Gap: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature on Closed-Loop Supply Chains
Authors: Zengin Melissa , Amin Saman Hassanzadeh , Zhang Guoqing
Published: May 2024

Background: Sustainable closed-loop supply chains have emerged as viable answers to supply chain problems. They can handle environmental damages (e.g., waste) and related social impacts. Closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs) are forward and reverse supply chain networks that have gained popularity in recent years. Recovery options such as reusing, remanufacturing and recycling can be considered in CLSCs. Methods: This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of CLSC journal papers published between 2020 and the present. This study examines and synthesizes 54 papers from major publications in this area, covering a wide range of themes and approaches. This paper aims to respond to the following key questions: (i) What are the current trends and challenges in CLSC research, and how have they evolved since previous literature review papers? (ii) What key variables and objectives have been studied in recent CLSC research, and how have they been operationalized? (iii) What are the gaps and limitations in current CLSC research? To our knowledge, other literature review papers in this field have covered older papers, and recent papers have been ignored in them. Another research contribution of this paper is the taxonomy of it. Results: This review article highlights some developing themes and research gaps in the CLSC literature and makes recommendations for further study. Conclusions: This paper provides a comprehensive review of papers on closed-loop supply chain networks.
Effects of HiPIMS Duty Cycle on Plasma Discharge and the Properties of Cu Film
Authors: Ren Yongjie , Bai Heda , Liu Xincheng , Li Jin , Liu Xiangli
Published: May 2024

In this paper, Cu thin films were deposited on Si (100) substrates by the high−power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiIPMS) technique, and the effects of different duty cycles (from 2.25% to 5.25%) on the plasma discharge characteristics, microstructure, and electrical properties of Cu thin films were investigated. The results of the target current test show that the peak target current remains stable under 2.25% and 3% duty cycle conditions. Under the conditions of a 4.5% and 5.25% duty cycle, the target peak current shows a decreasing trend. The average power of the target shows a rising trend with the increase in the duty cycle, while the peak power of the target shows a decreasing trend with the increase in the duty cycle. The results of OES show that with the increase in the duty cycle, the total peak intensity of copper and argon emissions shows an overall increasing trend. The duty cycle from 3% to 4.5% change in copper and argon emission peak total intensity change is not obvious. The deposition rate and surface morphology of the copper film were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and the deposition rate of the copper film increased with the increase in the duty cycle, which was mainly due to the increase in the average power. The surface roughness of the copper film was evaluated by atomic force microscopy. X−ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the grain size and texture of the Cu film, and the results showed that the average grain size of the Cu film increased from 38 nm to 59 nm on the (111) and (200) crystal planes. Four−probe square resistance test copper film resistivity in 2.25%, 3% low duty cycle conditions of the copper film resistivity is generally higher than 4.5%, 5.25% high duty cycle conditions, the copper film resistivity shows the trend of change is mainly affected by the copper film grain size and the (111) face of the double effect of the optimal orientation. The lowest resistivity of the copper film measured under the 4.5% duty cycle condition is 1.7005 μΩ·cm, which is close to the intrinsic resistivity of the copper film of 1.67 μΩ·cm.
Progress and Challenges of Ferrite Matrix Microwave Absorption Materials
Authors: Meng Xianfeng , Xu Wenlong , Ren Xujing , Zhu Maiyong
Published: May 2024

Intelligent devices, when subjected to multiple interactions, tend to generate electromagnetic pollution, which can disrupt the normal functioning of electronic components. Ferrite, which acts as a microwave-absorbing material (MAM), offers a promising strategy to overcome this issue. To further enhance the microwave absorption properties of ferrite MAM, numerous works have been conducted, including ion doping and combining with other materials. Notably, the microstructure is also key factor that affects the microwave absorption properties of ferrite-based MAM. Thus, this article provides a comprehensive overview of research progress on the influence of the microstructure on ferrite-based MAM. MAMs with sheet and layered structures are also current important research directions. For core-shell structure composites, the solid core-shell structure, hollow core-shell structure, yolk-eggshell structure, and non-spherical core-shell structure are introduced. For porous composites, the biomass porous structure and other porous structures are presented. Finally, the development trends are summarized, and prospects for the structure design and preparation of high-performance MAMs are predicted.
The Use of Ground Coal Bottom Ash/Slag as a Cement Replacement for Sustainable Concrete Infrastructure
Authors: Poudel Sandip , Menda Samrawit , Useldinger-Hoefs Joe , Guteta Lidya E. , Dockter Bruce , Gedafa Daba S.
Published: May 2024

Cement production requires considerable energy and natural resources, severely impacting the environment due to harmful gas emissions. Coal bottom ash (CBA) and coal boiler slag (CBS), byproducts of coal-fired powerplants having pozzolanic properties, can be mechanically ground and replace cement in concrete, which reduces waste in landfills, preserves natural resources, and reduces health hazards. This study was performed to determine the optimum cement replacement amount of ground CBA (GCBA) and ground CBS (GCBS) in concrete, which was 10% for GCBA and 5% for GCBS. GCBA-based concrete exhibited superior tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and durability compared to the control. In the Rapid Chloride Penetration Test, 10% GCBA concrete resulted in 2026 coulombs at 56 days, compared to 3405 coulombs for the control, indicating more resistance to chloride penetration. Incorporating 2.5% nanoclay in GCBA-based concrete increased the optimum GCBA content by 5%, and the compressive strength of 15% GCBA concrete increased by 4 MPa. The mortar consisting of the finest GCBA(L1) having Blaine fineness of 3072 g/cm2 yielded the highest compressive strength (32.7 MPa). The study discovered that the compressive strength of GCBA and GCBS-based mortars increases with fineness, and meeting the recommended fineness limit in ASTM C618 enhances concrete or mortar properties.
Influence of Imposed Strain on Weldability of Dievar Alloy
Authors: Izák Josef , Benč Marek , Kunčická Lenka , Opěla Petr , Kocich Radim
Published: May 2024

The presented work is focused on the influence of imposed strain on the weldability of Dievar alloy. Two mechanisms affecting the microstructure and thus imparting changes in the mechanical properties were applied—heat treatment (hardening and tempering), and rotary swaging. The processed workpieces were further subjected to welding with various welding currents. In order to characterize the effects of welding on the microstructure, especially in the heat-affected zone, and determine material stability under elevated temperatures, samples for uniaxial hot compression testing at temperatures from 600 to 900 °C, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and microhardness testing were taken. The testing revealed that, although the rotary swaged and heat-treated samples featured comparable microhardness, the strength of the swaged material was approximately twice as high as that of the heat-treated one—specifically 1350 MPa. Furthermore, it was found that the rotary swaged sample exhibited favorable welding behavior when compared to the heat-treated one, when the higher welding current was applied.
Mechanical Behaviour of Photopolymer Cell-Size Graded Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structures at Different Deformation Rates
Authors: Yılmaz Yunus Emre , Novak Nejc , Al-Ketan Oraib , Erten Hacer Irem , Yaman Ulas , Mauko Anja , Borovinsek Matej , Ulbin Miran , Vesenjak Matej , Ren Zoran
Published: May 2024

This study investigates how varying cell size affects the mechanical behaviour of photopolymer Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) under different deformation rates. Diamond, Gyroid, and Primitive TPMS structures with spatially graded cell sizes were tested. Quasi-static experiments measured boundary forces, representing material behaviour, inertia, and deformation mechanisms. Separate studies explored the base material’s behaviour and its response to strain rate, revealing a strength increase with rising strain rate. Ten compression tests identified a critical strain rate of 0.7 s−1 for “Grey Pro” material, indicating a shift in failure susceptibility. X-ray tomography, camera recording, and image correlation techniques observed cell connectivity and non-uniform deformation in TPMS structures. Regions exceeding the critical rate fractured earlier. In Primitive structures, stiffness differences caused collapse after densification of smaller cells at lower rates. The study found increasing collapse initiation stress, plateau stress, densification strain, and specific energy absorption with higher deformation rates below the critical rate for all TPMS structures. However, cell-size graded Primitive structures showed a significant reduction in plateau and specific energy absorption at a 500 mm/min rate.
Composite RGO/Ag/Nanosponge Materials for the Photodegradation of Emerging Pollutants from Wastewaters
Authors: Madonia Ettore , Di Vincenzo Antonella , Pettignano Alberto , Scaffaro Roberto , Gulino Emmanuel Fortunato , Conte Pellegrino , Meo Paolo Lo
Published: May 2024

Some composite materials have been prepared, constituted by a cyclodextrin-bis-urethane-based nanosponge matrix in which a reduced graphene oxide/silver nanoparticles photocatalyst has been dispersed. Different chain extenders were employed for designing the nanosponge supports, in such a way as to decorate their hyper-cross-linked structure with diverse functionalities. Moreover, two different strategies were explored to accomplish the silver loading. The obtained systems were successfully tested as catalysts for the photodegradation of emerging pollutants such as model dyes and drugs. Enhancement of the photoactive species performance (up to nine times), due to the synergistic local concentration effect exerted by the nanosponge, could be assessed. Overall, the best performances were shown by polyamine-decorated materials, which were able to promote the degradation of some particularly resistant drugs. Some methodological issues pertaining to data collection are also addressed.
Study on Fracture Characteristics of Layered Sandstone under Asymmetric Loading
Authors: Hao Ruiqing , Zhou Yuguo , Liao Lin , Teah Nathan Saye , Xue Wanwen , Liao Zhiling
Published: May 2024

In engineering practice, layered rock masses often display obvious anisotropy while deforming and failing, and the failure mode directly impacts the engineering construction stability. In this study, the fracture failure load, fracture toughness, crack deflection angle, and failure mode of a layered rock mass under different fracture modes were analyzed by utilizing improved asymmetric semi-circular disc specimens. According to the constitutive model of transversely isotropic materials, the maximum tensile stress (MTS), maximum energy release rate (MERR), and maximum strain energy density (MSED) calculation formulas were modified, and the calculation formulas of the three prediction criteria under anisotropic materials were derived. The calculation results were compared with the experimental results. The results show that the fracture toughness and crack deflection angle were significantly affected by the weak bedding plane. As a result of applying the MTS criterion, the results are closer to the experimental results, providing a solid foundation for engineering deformation, failure, and fracture analyses.
Investigating Internalization of Reporter-Protein-Functionalized Polyhedrin Particles by Brain Immune Cells
Authors: Parwana Krishma A. K. , Kaur Gill Priyapreet , Njanike Runyararo , Yiu Humphrey H. P. , Adams Chris F. , Chari Divya Maitreyi , Jenkins Stuart Iain
Published: May 2024

Achieving sustained drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is a major challenge for neurological injury and disease, and various delivery vehicles are being developed to achieve this. Self-assembling polyhedrin crystals (POlyhedrin Delivery System; PODS) are being exploited for the delivery of therapeutic protein cargo, with demonstrated efficacy in vivo. However, to establish the utility of PODS for neural applications, their handling by neural immune cells (microglia) must be documented, as these cells process and degrade many biomaterials, often preventing therapeutic efficacy. Here, primary mouse cortical microglia were cultured with a GFP-functionalized PODS for 24 h. Cell counts, cell morphology and Iba1 expression were all unaltered in treated cultures, indicating a lack of acute toxicity or microglial activation. Microglia exhibited internalisation of the PODS, with both cytosolic and perinuclear localisation. No evidence of adverse effects on cellular morphology was observed. Overall, 20–40% of microglia exhibited uptake of the PODS, but extracellular/non-internalised PODS were routinely present after 24 h, suggesting that extracellular drug delivery may persist for at least 24 h.
Achievement of a Parameter Window for the Selective Laser Melting Formation of a GH3625 Alloy
Authors: Quan Guozheng , Deng Qi , Zhao Yifan , Quan Mingguo , Wu Daijian
Published: May 2024

In the selective laser melting (SLM) process, adjusting process parameters contributes to achieving the desired molten pool morphology, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy of manufactured components. The parameter window characterizing the relationship between molten pool morphology and process parameters serves as an effective tool to improve SLM’s forming quality. This work established a mesoscale model of the SLM process for a GH3625 alloy based on the discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the forming process of a single molten track. Subsequently, the formation mechanism and evolution process of the molten pool were revealed. The effects of laser power and scanning speed on the molten pool size and molten track morphology were analyzed. Finally, a parameter window was established from the simulation results. The results indicated that reducing the scanning speed and increasing the laser power would lead to an increase in molten pool depth and width, resulting in the formation of an uneven width in the molten track. Moreover, accelerating the scanning speed and decreasing the laser power cause a reduction in molten pool depth and width, causing narrow and discontinuous molten tracks. The accuracy of the simulation was validated by comparing experimental and simulated molten pool sizes.
Friction-Wear and Noise Characteristics of Friction Disks with Circular Texture
Authors: Ma Biao , Lu Weichen , Yu Liang , Xiong Cenbo , Dang Guoqiang , Chen Xiaobo
Published: May 2024

The reduction of friction-induced noise is a crucial research area for enhancing vehicle comfort, and this paper proposes a method based on circular pit texture to achieve this goal. We conducted a long-term sliding friction test using a pin-on-disc friction and a wear test bench to verify the validity of this method. To compare the friction noise of different surfaces, texture units with varying line densities were machined on the surface of friction disk samples. The resulting friction-wear and noise characteristics of the samples were analyzed in conjunction with the microscopic morphology of the worn surfaces. The results indicate that surfaces with textures can delay the onset of squeal noise, and the pattern of its development differs from that of smooth surfaces. The noise reduction effect is most evident due to the proper distribution of textures that can form furrow-like wear marks at the wear interface. The finite element results demonstrate that this morphology can improve pressure distribution at the leading point and reduce the tendency of system instability.
Source Design Optimization for Depth Image Reconstruction in X-ray Imaging
Authors: Fathi Hamid , van Leeuwen Tristan
Published: May 2024

X-ray tomography is an effective non-destructive testing method for industrial quality control. Limited-angle tomography can be used to reduce the amount of data that need to be acquired and thereby speed up the process. In some industrial applications, however, objects are flat and layered, and laminography is preferred. It can deliver 2D images of the structure of a layered object at a particular depth from very limited data. An image at a particular depth is obtained by summing those parts of the data that contribute to that slice. This produces a sharp image of that slice while superimposing a blurred version of structures present at other depths. In this paper, we investigate an Optimal Experimental Design (OED) problem for laminography that aims to determine the optimal source positions. Not only can this be used to mitigate imaging artifacts, it can also speed up the acquisition process in cases where moving the source and detector is time-consuming (e.g., in robotic arm imaging systems). We investigate the imaging artifacts in detail through a modified Fourier Slice Theorem. We address the experimental design problem within the Bayesian risk framework using empirical Bayes risk minimization. Finally, we present numerical experiments on simulated data.
Sparse Clustering Algorithm Based on Multi-Domain Dimensionality Reduction Autoencoder
Authors: Kang Yu , Liu Erwei , Zou Kaichi , Wang Xiuyun , Zhang Huaqing
Published: May 2024

The key to high-dimensional clustering lies in discovering the intrinsic structures and patterns in data to provide valuable information. However, high-dimensional clustering faces enormous challenges such as dimensionality disaster, increased data sparsity, and reduced reliability of the clustering results. In order to address these issues, we propose a sparse clustering algorithm based on a multi-domain dimensionality reduction model. This method achieves high-dimensional clustering by integrating the sparse reconstruction process and sparse L1 regularization into a deep autoencoder model. A sparse reconstruction module is designed based on the L1 sparse reconstruction of features under different domains to reconstruct the data. The proposed method mainly contributes in two aspects. Firstly, the spatial and frequency domains are combined by taking into account the spatial distribution and frequency characteristics of the data to provide multiple perspectives and choices for data analysis and processing. Then, a neural network-based clustering model with sparsity is conducted by projecting data points onto multi-domains and implementing adaptive regularization penalty terms to the weight matrix. The experimental results demonstrate superior performance of the proposed method in handling clustering problems on high-dimensional datasets.
One-Rank Linear Transformations and Fejer-Type Methods: An Overview
Authors: Semenov Volodymyr , Stetsyuk Petro , Stovba Viktor , Velarde Cantú José Manuel
Published: May 2024

Subgradient methods are frequently used for optimization problems. However, subgradient techniques are characterized by slow convergence for minimizing ravine convex functions. To accelerate subgradient methods, special linear non-orthogonal transformations of the original space are used. This paper provides an overview of these transformations based on Shor’s original idea. Two one-rank linear transformations of Euclidean space are considered. These simple transformations form the basis of variable metric methods for convex minimization that have a natural geometric interpretation in the transformed space. Along with the space transformation, a search direction and a corresponding step size must be defined. Subgradient Fejer-type methods are analyzed to minimize convex functions, and Polyak step size is used for problems with a known optimal objective value. Convergence theorems are provided together with the results of numerical experiments. Directions for future research are discussed.
New Oscillation Criteria for Sturm–Liouville Dynamic Equations with Deviating Arguments
Authors: Hassan Taher S. , Cesarano Clemente , Iambor Loredana Florentina , Abdel Menaem Amir , Iqbal Naveed , Ali Akbar
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study is to refine the known Riccati transformation technique to provide new oscillation criteria for solutions to second-order dynamic equations over time. It is important to note that the convergence or divergence of some improper integrals on time scales depends not only on the integration function but also on the integration time scale. Therefore, there has been a motivation to find new oscillation criteria that can be applicable regardless of whether ∫ζ0∞Δξa(ξ) is convergent or divergent, in contrast to what has been followed in most previous works in the literature. We have provided an example to illustrate the significance of the obtained results.
Drug-Related Problems and Recommendations Made during Home Medicines Reviews for Sick Day Medication Management in Australia
Authors: Truong Mimi , Van Connie , Sud Kamal , Tesfaye Wubshet , Croker Nerida , Seth Shrey , Castelino Ronald Lynel
Published: May 2024

Backgrounds and Objectives: Using certain medications during an intercurrent illness can increase the risk of drug related problems (DRP) occurring such as acute kidney injury (AKI). Medications that increase this risk include sulfonylureas, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, metformin, angiotensin receptor blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories drugs, and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SADMANS). Sick day medication guidance (SDMG) recommends withholding SADMANS medications during an intercurrent illness where adequate fluid intake cannot be maintained. But uptake of these recommendations is poor, and it is not known whether Australian pharmacists currently provide these recommendations during home medicine reviews (HMR) as per SDMG. We aimed to gain an understanding of the characteristics of DRP identified by pharmacists during HMR, especially those relating to SADMANS medications. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective audit of 201 randomly selected HMR reports, conducted by accredited pharmacists from 2020 to 2022, that were analysed in 2023. All DRP and recommendations were categorised using a modified DOCUMENT system. Results: Overall, over 98% of participants experienced a DRP and a total of 710 DRP were found, where participants experienced an average of 4.0 ± 2.0 DRP each. Non-SADMANS medications accounted for 83.1% of all DRPs, with nervous system medications contributing the most. Common problems seen in non-SADMANS medications were related to toxicity, over/underdosing and undertreating. Diuretics contributed most to DRP in SADMANS medications. Problems with SADMANS were mainly related to toxicity and contraindications. No pharmacists provided SDMG despite 71.1% of participants using at least one SADMANS medication. Conclusions: We conclude that DRP remain prevalent in community pharmacy settings. Sick day recommendations were not provided in the HMRs included in our study, possibly due to lack of pharmacist knowledge and awareness. To ensure best practice, more research should be conducted to determine pharmacists’ knowledge of and barriers to provision of sick day recommendations.
Theoretical Energy Consumption Analysis for Sustainable Practices in Iron and Steel Industry
Authors: Na Hongming , Sun Jingchao , Yuan Yuxing , Qiu Ziyang , Zhang Lei , Du Tao
Published: May 2024

Exploring theoretical energy consumption introduces a fresh perspective for energy-saving research within the iron and steel industry, with a primary focus on the energy expended during material transformation. Building upon the theory of theoretical energy consumption, this study meticulously investigates the theoretical energy consumption associated with each stage of the iron and steel making process, including coking, sintering, pelletizing, ironmaking, steelmaking, and hot rolling. The findings reveal that, under specific conditions, the theoretical energy consumption for each process is as follows: coking (2.59 GJ), sintering (1.36 GJ), pelletizing (1.02 GJ), ironmaking (8.81 GJ), steelmaking (−0.16 GJ), and hot rolling (0.76 GJ). Additionally, this study delves into the analysis of influencing factors on theoretical energy consumption. Using the coking process as an illustrative example, it is observed that the theoretical energy consumption in coking decreases with a reduction in both moisture and volatile content in coal. Under the specified conditions, the minimum theoretical energy consumption for each process is as follows: coking (2.51 GJ), sintering (0.98 GJ), pelletizing (0.67 GJ), ironmaking (8.38 GJ), steelmaking (−0.58 GJ), and hot rolling (0.07 GJ), respectively. This comprehensive analysis serves as a valuable resource for advancing sustainable practices in the iron and steel industry.
Niobium’s Effect on the Properties of a Quasi-High-Entropy Alloy of the CoCrFeMnNi System
Authors: Kvon Svetlana , Issagulov Aristotel , Kulikov Vitaliy , Arinova Saniya
Published: May 2024

This paper deals with the possibility of smelting quasi-high-entropy alloys (QHEAs) with the partial use of ferroalloys in the charge instead of pure metals. The Cantor alloy (CoCrFeMnNi) was used as the base alloy and the comparison sample, into which niobium was introduced in the amount of 14 to 18% by weight. The structure, hardness, strength, and tribological properties of prototypes were studied. The results obtained showed, on the one hand, the possibility of using ferroalloys as charge components in the smelting of QHEAs and, on the other hand, the positive effect of niobium in the amount of 14–17% on the strength and wear resistance of the alloy. Increasing the niobium content above 18% leads to its uneven distribution in the structure, consequently decreasing the strength and wear resistance of the alloy. The structure of the studied alloys is represented by a solid solution of FCC, which includes all metals, and the niobium content varies widely. In addition, the structure is represented by the phases of implementation: niobium carbide NbC 0.76–1.0, manganese carbide Mn7C3, and a CrNi intermetallic compound with a cubic lattice.