bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calorie anticipation alters food intake after low‐caloric not high‐caloric preloads
Authors: Hogenkamp P.S. , Cedernaes J. , Chapman C.D. , Vogel H. , Hjorth O.C. , Zarei S. , Lundberg L.S. , Brooks S.J. , Dickson S.L. , Benedict C. , Schiöth H.B.
Published: January 2013

Objective

Cognitive factors and anticipation are known to influence food intake. The current study examined the effect of anticipation and actual consumption of food on hormone (ghrelin, cortisol, and insulin) and glucose levels, appetite and ad libitum intake, to assess whether changes in hormone levels might explain the predicted differences in subsequent food intake.

Design and Methods

During four breakfast sessions, participants consumed a yogurt preload that was either low caloric (LC: 180 kcal/300 g) or high caloric (HC: 530 kcal/300 g) and was provided with either consistent or inconsistent calorie information (i.e., stating the caloric content of the preload was low or high). Appetite ratings and hormone and glucose levels were measured at baseline (t = 0), after providing the calorie information about the preload (t = 20), after consumption of the preload (t = 40), and just before ad libitum intake (t = 60).

Results

Ad libitum intake was lower after HC preloads (as compared to LC preloads; P < 0.01). Intake after LC preloads was higher when provided with (consistent) LC information (467±254 kcal) as compared to (inconsistent) HC information (346±210 kcal), but intake after the HC preloads did not depend on the information provided (LC information: 290±178 kcal, HC information: 333±179 kcal; caloric load*information P = 0.03). Hormone levels did not respond in an anticipatory manner, and the post‐prandial responses depended on actual calories consumed.

Conclusions

These results suggest that both cognitive and physiological information determine food intake. When actual caloric intake was sufficient to produce physiological satiety, cognitive factors played no role; however, when physiological satiety was limited, cognitively induced satiety reduced intake to comparable levels.
Polyester resins with carbazole ring
Authors: Lubczak Renata
Published: January 2013

3‐(9‐Carbazolyl)propane‐1,2‐diol was obtained in the reaction of 9‐(2,3‐epoxypropyl)carbazole with water. The obtained diol was further used for modification of unsaturated polyester resin to produce enhanced thermal and heat resistance in comparison with classic resins. The properties of polyesters and polyester resins modified with 3‐(9‐carbazolyl)propane‐1,2‐diol were studied in detail. When 3‐(9‐carbazolyl)propane‐1,2‐diol is used instead of propylene glycol the unsaturated polyester resins possess enhanced thermal stability.© 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Controlled release of bovine serum albumin from stimuli‐sensitive silk sericin based interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels
Authors: Wu Wen , Wang Dongsheng , Lian Yuan
Published: January 2013

In recent years, the use of stimuli‐sensitive interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels for the encapsulation and controlled release of protein drugs has received significant attention. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the release of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model drug, from a series of thermosensitive silk sericin (SS) poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and pH‐responsive SS poly(methacrylic acid) IPN hydrogels. The effect of the chemical architecture of the IPN was investigated on the percentage loading of BSA and its subsequent release from the loaded devices. The temperature and pH of the release medium were studied for their impact on the release of BSA. The pulsatile releasing behavior of IPN hydrogels revealed that they can be made into microcapsules or thermo‐valves, which act as an on–off release control. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemische Reaktionen in Superzeitlupe
Authors: Moshammer Robert , Rudenko Artem , Ullrich Joachim
Published: January 2013

Einen neuen Weg in die Femtochemie eröffnen die intensiven Femtosekunden‐Lichtpulse im extremen Ultraviolett (EUV) aus dem Freie‐Elektronen‐Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) zusammen mit einer ausgefeilten Pump‐Probe‐Apparatur. Damit konnte erstmals die lichtinduzierte Umwandlung eines Acetylenmoleküls in sein Isomer Vinyliden in drei Dimensionen als “Zeitlupenfilm” visualisiert werden. Ein EUV‐Puls ionisiert zunächst das Acetylen, das seine Kernbausteine umordnet und allmählich die Form von Vinyliden annimmt. Ein zweiter, sehr intensiver Lichtpuls ionisiert es währenddessen weiter, so dass es explodiert. Aus der präzisen Erfassung der Fragmente gelingt eine genaue Rekonstruktion der geometrischen Struktur des Moleküls zum Explosionszeitpunkt. Der Ablauf dieser Isomerisierungsreaktion lässt sich durch Variation des Zeitabstands zwischen Pump‐ und Probepuls in Raum und Zeit präzise verfolgen. In Zukunft sollen damit chemische Reaktionen mit Femtosekunden‐Auflösung “gefilmt” werden, die für Biologie und Anwendungen wichtig sind.
Prickelnde Säfte – thermodynamische Sensorik
Authors: Vilgis Thomas
Published: January 2013

“Kohlensäure” gibt Mineralwässern oder Champagner das Prickeln als gewisses Etwas. Aber auch kulinarisch lässt sich mit Kohlendioxid ordentlich “würzen”, vor allem wenn Temperatur und Druck stimmen. Mit Kohlendioxid versetzte kalte Gemüse‐ oder Kräutersäfte lassen sich eiskalt perfekt als Ergänzung in der Gastronomie einsetzen.
Self‐efficacy for coping with cancer in melanoma patients: its association with physical fatigue and depression
Authors: Albrecht Karoline , Droll Hannah , Giesler Jürgen M. , Nashan Dorothee , Meiss Frank , Reuter Katrin
Published: January 2013

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of self‐efficacy for coping with cancer (SECC) on physical fatigue and depressive symptoms in melanoma patients, in comparison with objective factors, such as treatment with interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α) and medical and sociodemographic variables. Current literature shows that psychological distress in melanoma patients is generally moderate, that they experience high quality of life, and that symptoms of depression and fatigue have been mostly associated with adjuvant IFN‐α treatment

Methods

A total of 175 melanoma patients, stages Ib–IIIc with and without low‐dose IFN‐α therapy, completed surveys on SECC, depression, and fatigue. Two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to explore the predictive role of objective factors (first step: tumor stage, time since diagnosis, and current IFN‐α treatment; second step: age and gender) in conjunction with the subjective factor of SECC (third step) on physical fatigue and depression.

Results

Regression analysis revealed no significant effect of IFN‐α treatment upon depression. Current IFN‐α treatment was predictive of higher fatigue scores, however. The highest predictive effect by far was obtained for SECC, indicating higher fatigue and depression in patients with lower SECC.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that the treatment with IFN‐α is mainly accompanied by physical fatigue in melanoma patients rather than by mood changes. Most notably, the potential influence of increased SECC on reducing both physical fatigue and depression is suggested by the data, indicating the importance of self‐efficacy enhancing interventions in the psycho‐oncological support of melanoma patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A host‐plant‐derived volatile blend to attract the apple blossom weevil Anthonomus pomorum – the essential volatiles include a repellent constituent
Authors: Collatz Jana , Dorn Silvia
Published: January 2013

Background

Plant volatiles are promising cues for trapping pest insects. This study started with a recently identified complex blend released by prebloom apple trees and aimed to reduce the number of compounds in the blend while maintaining the attraction of the target pest, the apple blossom weevil Anthonomus pomorum. An evaluation was made to determine whether attraction to plant volatiles is a general feature in this species.

Results

Laboratory‐based bioassays with field‐collected weevils demonstrated repellency by volatiles from the non‐host walnut, indicating that preference for plant odours is not a general feature in this species. By a subtractive bioassay approach, the original number of compounds in the apple‐plant‐released blend was stepwise reduced from 12 to 6 while maintaining weevil attraction. This resulting blend was as attractive as the full blend and as a blossom‐bud‐carrying apple twig. It was found to be composed of two synergistically interacting constituents, of which the first containing benzenoids was behaviourally inactive, and the second comprising the remaining compounds was even repellent.

Conclusions

This study enhances knowledge of the interaction of behaviourally effective constituents in complex odour blends and contributes to the development of an efficient monitoring system involving plant volatiles for the apple blossom weevil. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
In search of new herbicidal inhibitors of the non‐mevalonate pathway
Authors: Witschel Matthias , Röhl Franz , Niggeweg Ricarda , Newton Trevor
Published: January 2013

The first five steps of the non‐mevalonate pathway have been tested in high‐throughput screening (HTS) campaigns, using enzymes of plant origin. Hit rates were in general relatively low, which could be attributed to the high polarity and charged nature of substrates and active sites of these enzymes. Still, for all the enzymes, apart from IspF (2‐methylerythritol 2,4‐cyclodiphosphate synthase), inhibitors could be identified with activities below 100 μM, and these were followed up to identify structure–activity relationships (SARs). For the enzyme IspD (2C‐methyl‐D‐erythritol 4‐phosphate cytidyltransferase), inhibitors with IC50 down to 35 nM were identified that also showed herbicidal activity.
Impact of different ozone sounding networks on a 4D‐Var stratospheric data assimilation system
Authors: Baier F. , Erbertseder T. , Elbern H. , Schwinger J.
Published: January 2013

Observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are performed to examine the impact of ozonesonde observations on a data assimilation system during a simulated satellite data gap during February 2003. Using the four‐dimensional variational chemical data assimilation system SACADA, the relative influence of launch rates and station coverage is investigated. Starting with the VINTERSOL/MATCH campaign, different network and sounding configurations are evaluated. To quantify the performance of assimilation experiments in the lower stratosphere, analysis skill and linear pattern correlation with respect to ERA‐Interim reference data are assessed for the 20 km altitude level. Using first‐guess and analysis minus observation error statistics,a priorierror settings are tuned to optimise the assimilation of simulated and real‐world ozone soundings. In summary, it is found that, during satellite data gaps, ozonesonde data can have a significant positive impact on the mean analysis skill depending both on the number of observations and the network layout. A better distributed network based on the GAW system, with 28 stations and three soundings bi‐weekly, proves clearly superior to VINTERSOL/MATCH, showing a positive gain in skill of 0.26 compared to a free‐running model.
Stabilization of state‐constrained switched nonlinear systems in p‐normal form
Authors: Su Qingyu , Long Lijun , Zhao Jun
Published: January 2013

This paper is concerned with the stabilization problem for a class of state‐constrained switched nonlinear system in p‐normal form in a domain. A key point in the backstepping design procedure is to find a common stabilizing function at each step. A barrier Lyapunov function, which grows to infinity when its arguments approach some limits, is introduced to ensure that the state constraint is not violated at any time. Bounded state feedback controllers of individual subsystems and a common Lyapunov function are explicitly constructed to asymptotically stabilize the closed‐loop system under arbitrary switchings. An example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of fuzzy systems with quantization and packet dropout
Authors: Yan Jingjing , Xia Yuanqing , Li Li
Published: January 2013

The discrete‐time and continuous‐time fuzzy systems with quantization and packet dropout are considered in this paper. The quantizer used here is a uniform one with arbitrary quantization regions, and the packet dropout process is modeled as a time‐homogenous Markov process. Because of the properties of packet dropout process, the fuzzy systems considered here are seen as Markov jump fuzzy systems, and the theories of Markov jump system are used to discuss the mean square stability of the closed‐loop systems. On the basis of the zoom strategy and Lyapunov theory, for the given failure rate and recovery rate, sufficient conditions are given for the closed‐loop fuzzy systems to be mean square stable, and the feedback controllers are designed to ensure the stability of fuzzy systems. A single link direct joint driven manipulator model is presented to show the effectiveness of the main results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung stählerner Tragkonstruktionen Erneuerbarer Energien
Authors: Stranghöner Natalie , Berg Jörn , Gorbachov Anna , Schaumann Peter , Bechtel Anne , Eichstädt Rasmus , Wagner Hermann‐Josef , Baack Christoph , Lohmann Jessica
Published: January 2013

Der Ausbau Erneuerbarer Energien in Deutschland ist politisch verankert. Insbesondere unter dem Aspekt der Nachhaltigkeit spielen die zugehörigen baulichen Anlagen eine wichtige Rolle. Bewertungssysteme zur Nachhaltigkeitsquantifizierung von baulichen Anlagen existieren zwar auf dem Gebäudesektor, jedoch nicht ausreichend für die Anwendung bei Ingenieurbauwerken. Im Zuge einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung liegt es nahe, Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte bereits während der Planung und Ausführung von Anlagen zur Gewinnung Erneuerbarer Energien zu berücksichtigen. Der Beitrag behandelt die Entwicklung einer Methodik zur Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von tragenden Stahlkonstruktionen Erneuerbarer Energien. Die Anwendung der Methodik erfolgt exemplarisch im Rahmen einer ökologischen Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung am Beispiel eines Baustahlfermenters einer Biogasanlage. Die entwickelte Methodik erlaubt einen Vergleich unterschiedlicher Bauweisen und Ausführungsvarianten in Bezug auf nachhaltigkeitsbezogene Gesichtspunkte und dient als Entscheidungshilfe unter Berücksichtigung von Anforderungen an eine nachhaltige Bauweise.

Sustainability assessment for load carrying steel constructions of renewables – Development of methods and application examples. The upcoming installation of renewables in Germany is already politically established. Especially under consideration of sustainability aspects, the structural systems of renewables are very important. Rating systems for sustainability exist only for buldings but not sufficient for application in structural engineering. For a sustainable energy supply sustainability aspects should be considered during design and execution of structures of renewables. This article addresses the development of methods for sustainability assessment of load carrying steel structures of renewables. The described method is applied exemplary for the environmental sustainabilty assessment of a steel digester of a biogas power plant. With the help of the sustainability rating system, different construction methods can be compared under consideration of sustainability aspects. Furthermore, the method can be utilized as a help for a decision in order to fulfill sustainability requirements.
Tragverhalten von Groutverbindungen bei Monopilegründungen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Voßbeck Marc , Kelm Martin , Löhning Thomas
Published: January 2013

Groutverbindungen stellen ein zentrales Element von Offshore‐Monopilegründungen dar. Die sichere Vermeidung von Schäden in der Betriebsphase ist über die Gefahrenabwehr hinaus auch von großem wirtschaftlichem Interesse. In diesem Beitrag wird auf wesentliche Aspekte des Lastabtrags eingegangen, deren numerische Analyse Entscheidungshilfen bei Entwurf und Auslegung entsprechender Konstruktionen liefern kann. Dabei wird auf Erfahrungen aus der Ausführungsplanung mehrerer in der Realisierungsphase befindlicher Projekte zurückgegriffen. Bei Konstruktionsformen ohne Schubrippen erfolgt die Momentenübertragung zwischen Transition Piece und Monopile über eine großräumige Schalentragwirkung, die mit vergleichsweise großen Relativverdrehungen der beteiligten Rohre einhergeht. Dabei treten jedoch kleinräumige Spannungskonzentrationen auf, die sich erst durch eine detaillierte Modellierung genauer erfassen lassen. Die unter gleichzeitiger Vertikal‐ und Biegebeanspruchung auch im Modell anzutreffenden Setzungen können durch die Ausbildung einer konischen Geometrie begrenzt werden. Bei der Einbeziehung von Schubrippen treten als Folge der Interaktion globaler und lokaler Effekte erhöhte Belastungen an den äußeren Schubrippen auf.

Structural behaviour of grouted connections for monopile foundations of offshore wind turbines. Grouted connections are a central element of offshore monopile foundations. Reliable avoidance of damages during the operation stage is not only important for the prevention of hazards but also of strong economic interest. This article discusses the primary load bearing mechanisms. The numerical analysis of these mechanisms can provide decision guidance for the design and dimensioning of respective structures. This article draws on the experience with the detailed designs of several projects in the realisation phase. Connections without shear keys apply large‐scale shell actions for the transfer of the bending moment between the transition piece and monopile. This goes along with comparatively large relative rotation between the two involved tubes. Only a very detailed model detects distinctive stress concentrations. The settlement observed under coexisting vertical force and bending moment can be limited by a conical geometry of the connection. By introducing shear keys, increased loads are observed for the outward positions due to the interaction of global and local effects.
An optimal path planning strategy for multiple target search by a mobile robot
Authors: Botao Zhang , Shirong Liu , Qiang Lu , Deguo Dong
Published: January 2013

Although there is an obvious relationship between the Chinese Postman Problem (CPP) and the path‐planning problem for multiple target‐search tasks by a robot, no attempts have been made so far to connect the two. A novel map transformation framework (MTF) is proposed in this paper. With MTF, a feature map or a topological map can be converted into a standard topological map on which many graph‐search algorithms suitable for CPP can be employed to carry out path planning for multiple target search. Theoretical analysis proves that the route generated by this approach is optimal. Both simulation results and experiments indicate that the MTF‐based algorithm is better than several other target‐search algorithms. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Meet the Parents? Family Size and the Geographic Proximity Between Adult Children and Older Mothers in Sweden
Authors: Holmlund Helena , Rainer Helmut , Siedler Thomas
Published: January 2013

The aim of this study is to estimate the causal effect of family size on the proximity between older mothers and adult children by using a large administrative data set from Sweden. Our main results show that adult children in Sweden are not constrained by sibship size in choosing where to live: for families with more than one child, sibship size does not affect child-mother proximity. For aging parents, however, having fewer children reduces the probability of having at least one child living nearby, which is likely to have consequences for the intensity of intergenerational contact and eldercare.
Imaging Evaluation of Complications of Hip Arthroplasty: Review of Current Concepts and Imaging Findings
Authors: Awan Omer , Chen Lina , Resnik Charles S.
Published: January 2013

Total hip arthroplasty has evolved along with improvements in component materials and design. The radiologist must accurately diagnose associated complications with imaging methods and stay informed about newer complications associated with innovations in surgical technique, prosthetic design, and novel materials. This pictorial essay presents clinical and imaging correlation of modern hip arthroplasty complications, with an emphasis on the most common complications of instability, aseptic loosening, and infection as well as those complications associated with contemporary metal-on-metal arthroplasty.
Factors associated with premenstrual syndrome — A survey of new female university students
Authors: Cheng Shu‐Hui , Shih Chi‐Chen , Yang Yen‐Kuang , Chen Kow‐Tong , Chang Yun‐Hsuan , Yang Yi‐Ching
Published: January 2013

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can impact an individual's interpersonal relationships, social interactions, productivity, lifestyle, school performance and emotional well‐being. This study was designed to explore the factors associated with PMS in new female university students in Taiwan. The test battery included a self‐administered structured questionnaire, the five‐item brief symptoms rating scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Chinese Premenstrual Symptom Questionnaire. Additionally, details of the participants' lifestyles and family and personal histories of physical illness were recorded. Serum lipids were also measured. Of all the participants (N = 1699), 39.85% were defined as having PMS. Using logistical regression analysis, we found a positive relationship between PMS and consuming more foods containing egg yolk, greater alcohol intake, poorer sleep quality, higher likelihood of psychiatric morbidity, family history of dyslipidemia, and a higher serum cholesterol level. The results show that PMS is prevalent among new female university students and that lifestyle and nutritional/metabolic factors may play a role in this disorder.
Plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide in predicting outcomes of elective coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Chen Thay‐Hsiung , Lin Ching‐Ling , Shih Joseph Jaey‐Ming , Shih James Yao‐Ming , Chen Chung‐Huo , Chang Mei‐Ling , Chin Chih‐Hui
Published: January 2013

The risks of surgery and its clinical outcome are of great importance for both patients and physicians when choosing coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery for coronary artery disease. The purpose of the current study was to clarify the relationship between serum B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and patient clinical outcome. Seventy‐six eligible patients who underwent CABG were enrolled into the prospective study. Venous blood samples were drawn for serum BNP and N‐terminal (NT)‐proBNP levels measurement on preoperative Day 1, postoperative Day 1, and postoperative Day 7. Clinical end points were: (1) intensive care unit (ICU) stay longer than 4 days postoperatively and/or hospital stay longer than 13 days postoperatively; (2) major complications and poor outcomes. Patients who had prolonged ICU stay and hospitalization had significantly higher postoperative Day 1 BNP and postoperative Day 1 NT‐proBNP level (p = 0.02 and 0.005, respectively). Age was significantly older in patients with prolonged ICU stay and hospitalization than those without prolonged ICU stay and hospitalization (p = 0.03). Serum creatinine level was also significantly increased in patients with prolonged ICU stay and hospitalization (p = 0.009). However, age was the only remaining factor that correlated with prolonged ICU stay and hospitalization in the multivariate logistic regression model. These results suggest that research using BNP and NT‐proBNP for predicting ICU stay and hospitalization in patients who have undergone CABG must adjust risk factors to present a more appropriate estimation of its clinical outcome.
Absolute linear instability in laminar and turbulent gas–liquid two-layer channel flow
Authors: Ó Náraigh Lennon , Spelt Peter D. M. , Shaw Stephen J.
Published: January 2013

We study two-phase stratified flow where the bottom layer is a thin laminar liquid and the upper layer is a fully developed gas flow. The gas flow can be laminar or turbulent. To determine the boundary between convective and absolute instability, we use Orr–Sommerfeld stability theory, and a combination of linear modal analysis and ray analysis. For turbulent gas flow, and for the density ratio$r= 1000$, we find large regions of parameter space that produce absolute instability. These parameter regimes involve viscosity ratios of direct relevance to oil and gas flows. If, instead, the gas layer is laminar, absolute instability persists for the density ratio$r= 1000$, although the convective/absolute stability boundary occurs at a viscosity ratio that is an order of magnitude smaller than in the turbulent case. Two further unstable temporal modes exist in both the laminar and the turbulent cases, one of which can exclude absolute instability. We compare our results with an experimentally determined flow-regime map, and discuss the potential application of the present method to nonlinear analyses.
REVEALING DROUGHT-RESISTANCE AND PRODUCTIVE PATTERNS IN SUGARCANE GENOTYPES BY EVALUATING BOTH PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AND STALK YIELD
Authors: RIBEIRO R. V. , MACHADO R. S. , MACHADO E. C. , MACHADO D. F. S. P. , MAGALHÃES FILHO J. R. , LANDELL M. G. A.
Published: January 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological response of sugarcane genotypes to drought and its consequence for stalk yield. Sugarcane genotypes IACSP94-2094, IACSP96-2042 and SP87-365 were subjected to water deficit during the initial growth phase by withholding water. Resistance and sensitivity patterns were defined by the impact of drought on the stalk yield and content of soluble solids in the stalk juice. IACSP94-2094 and SP87-365 were considered drought-resistant genotypes, as the stalk dry matter production and yield of soluble solids were not reduced by the water deficit. Although drought caused reductions in leaf gas exchange in all the genotypes, IACSP96-2042 was most affected when considering the cumulative reduction in photosynthesis throughout the experimental period. This photosynthetic impairment of IACSP96-2042 was related to both non-stomatal and stomatal limitations, whereas photosynthesis in SP87-365 and IACSP94-2094 were only stomatally limited under drought. In general, a reduced photosynthetic sensitivity to water deficit was an important physiological trait for dry matter production in sugarcane plants, and the concentrations of soluble carbohydrates, sucrose, starch and proline in the leaves did not reveal consistent differences between the patterns of resistance and sensitivity. Even though IACSP96-2042 was severely affected by water shortage, this genotype presented a similar stalk yield under drought and the highest stalk yield under well-watered conditions when compared to the other genotypes. This response to variable water conditions is interesting for regions with seasonal drought, whereas the pattern of drought resistance is more appropriate for regions in which drought occurs for long periods during the crop season. Our findings are also discussed from the point of view that increases in sugarcane yield and sustainable agriculture may be reached by choosing the best genotype for each specific environmental condition.
Volcanism from fissure zones and the Caldeira central volcano of Faial Island, Azores archipelago: geochemical processes in multiple feeding systems
Authors: ZANON VITTORIO , KUEPPERS ULRICH , PACHECO JOSÉ MANUEL , CRUZ INÊS
Published: January 2013

Magmas in Faial Island, Azores (Portugal), were mostly erupted from two fissure zones and the Caldeira central volcano during overlapping periods. The fissure zones follow extensional trends oriented WNW and ESE and erupted nepheline- to hypersthene-normative basalts and hawaiites. The Caldeira central volcano builds the central part of the island, which is cut by the fissure zones. Ne-normative basalts show similar high-field-strength element (HFSE) concentrations but higher large ion lithophile element (LILE) concentrations than hy-normative equivalents. Primitive melts were generated by small (3–5%) degrees of partial melting of garnet-bearing peridotite, variably enriched in incompatible elements. Overall, basalts from Faial show relatively higher LILE abundances and LILE/HFSE ratios than those of the other islands of the Azores and of many other volcanoes in the Atlantic area. This feature indicates the existence of chemical heterogeneities in the mantle sources characterized by variable degrees of metasomatism, both at local and regional scales. Hawaiites evolved from basalts through 30–40% fractional crystallization of mafic phases plus some plagioclase, in deep reservoirs, at about 430–425 MPa (~ 15 km). The Caldeira central volcano rocks range from basalts to trachytes. Basalts, produced under similar conditions as fissure basalts, evolved to trachytes through large degrees of polybaric fractional crystallization (100–760 MPa; i.e. ~ 3.6–26 km), involving olivine, clinopyroxene, feldspar and minor quantities of amphibole, biotite, apatite and oxides. In contrast, mafic magmas from the fissure zones were erupted directly onto the surface from magma reservoirs mainly located at the crust–mantle boundary.
The association between multiple intestinal helminth infections and blood group, anaemia and nutritional status in human populations from Dore Bafeno, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Degarege A. , Animut A. , Medhin G. , Legesse M. , Erko B.
Published: January 2013

In this cross-sectional study, the associations between helminth infections and ABO blood group, anaemia and undernutrition were investigated in 480 febrile outpatients who visited Dore Bafeno Health Centre, southern Ethiopia, in December 2010. Stool specimens were processed using the Kato–Katz method and examined for intestinal helminth infections. Haemoglobin level was measured using a HemoCue machine and blood group was determined using an antisera haemagglutination test. Nutritional status of the study participants was assessed using height and weight measurements. Among the study participants, 50.2% were infected with intestinal helminths.Ascaris lumbricoides(32.7%),Trichuris trichiura(12.7%),Schistosoma mansoni(11.9%) and hookworm (11.0%) were the most frequently diagnosed helminths. The odds of infection and mean eggs per gram of different intestinal helminth species were comparable between the various blood groups. Among individuals who were infected with intestinal helminth(s), the mean haemoglobin level was significantly lower in individuals harbouring three or more helminth species and blood type AB compared to cases with double or single helminth infection and blood type O, respectively. The odds of being underweight was significantly higher inA. lumbricoidesandT. trichiurainfected individuals of age ≤ 5 and ≥ 20 years, respectively, when compared to individuals of the matching age group without intestinal helminths. In conclusion, infection with multiple intestinal helminths was associated with lower haemoglobin level, which was more severe in individuals with blood type AB. Future studies should focus on mechanisms by which blood group AB exacerbates the helminth-related reduction in mean haemoglobin level.
The Theatre of a Two-Headed Calf: Simulacral Performance and the Deconstruction of Orientalism
Authors: Luber Steve
Published: January 2013

In the Theatre of a Two-Headed Calf's production ofDrum of the Waves of Horikawa,Jess Barbagallo plays the curiously named Eesogay Yougayman, bedecked in a flowing black coat, a wig fit for Ziggy Stardust, and a badgerlike streak of black makeup across her face. The live music falls somewhere between the rhythmic, repetitive structures ofkabukiand the more chaotic yet just as percussive style of punk rock, allowing Yougayman (implied to be a traditionally male character) to strut and plunge with violent swagger. She stalks the stage and falls to her knees before the object of her affection, Otane, played by Heidi Shreck, who wears a blood-red kimono and combat boots. Yougayman stares lasciviously into the audience, describing how she abandoned her studies as a samurai to see Otane: “My sickness was a ruse and yet not entirely so, for I was suffering from the malady called love. And you were the cause, Otane!” An exaggerated, almost parodic struggle ensues, in which Otane is caught by Yougayman, whose tongue wags in rhapsodic anticipation of the sexual conquest she is about to force upon Otane as the music and guttural “huhs” from the musicians heighten to a rough, almost unbearable climax.
Memoirs of aKisaeng:Choreographing Performance Historiography
Authors: Mok Christine
Published: January 2013

The dance opens with a bespectacled dancer, dressed in a contemporary tracksuit, entering the stage space. She stops at the edge and looks out into the audience, surveying the bodies sitting before her. After taking them in, the dancer heads upstage to a long table. She sets her hands in front of a video camera, and they are projected via a live feed onto an adjacent video screen. She takes a threaded needle and begins to sew into the top layers of her skin (Fig. 1). The dancer does not display any discomfort and she does not pierce all the way through her flesh. Each time the needle emerges from skin, the dancer makes a knot. These knots are small black nodes extruding from the dancer's porcelain skin. The thread between the points is submerged in thin epidermis, tracing a path, but from here to where?
Performed Otherwise: The Political and Social Possibilities of Asian/American Performance
Authors: Chambers-Letson Joshua Takano , Son Elizabeth W.
Published: January 2013

For this special edition of “Critical Stages,” Chambers-Letson and Son meditate on the following questions: What are the exigencies that animate your entry into the field of theatre and performance studies? How does a shared project in Asian American performance offer a range of possibilities for thinking through pressing political questions and crises that seem otherwise insurmountable?
In memoriam: Sheldon Rosenberg, Founding Editor
Authors: ABBEDUTO LEONARD
Published: January 2013

Sheldon Rosenberg, the Founding Editor of Applied Psycholinguistics, died on October 9, 2012, in Evanston, Illinois, as a result of complications from Parkinson disease. He was 82.
International politics after secularism
Authors: HURD ELIZABETH SHAKMAN
Published: January 2013

At the height of the influence of the secularisation thesis religion was understood to be absent from affairs of state and the law, including international politics and international law. As the critique of secularisation gained momentum this master narrative fell apart, and a new consensus began to take shape. The notion that religion had been ignored and should be ‘brought back in’ to International Relations took centre stage among many academics and practitioners. The assumption is that restoring religion in the right way will help address the problems associated with having ignored religion in IR, paving the way for the marginalisation of violent religion and globalisation of religious freedom. This article undertakes a critical analysis of this restorative narrative and the religious and political world it is creating. It then proposes a different approach to the intersection of religion and world politics after secularism. This approach draws attention to the authority of transnational actors such as the United States, United Nations, and European Union to shape the public administration of religious affairs globally. Channels through which this is accomplished include the promotion of religious freedom, humanitarian intervention, foreign aid, nation building and democratisation, counterterrorism and peace-building efforts, and the pronouncements of supra-national courts.
The secularism of post-secularity: religion, realism, and the revival of grand theory in IR
Authors: PABST ADRIAN
Published: January 2013

How to theorise religion in International Relations (IR)? Does the concept of post-secularity advance the debate on religion beyond the ‘return of religion’ and the crisis of secular reason? This article argues that the post-secular remains trapped in the logic of secularism. First, a new account is provided of the ‘secularist bias’ that characterises mainstream IR theory: (a) defining religion in either essentialist or epiphenomenal terms; (b) positing a series of ‘antagonistic binary opposites’ such as the secularversusthe religious; and (c) de-sacralising and re-sacralising the public square. The article then analyses post-secularity, showing that it subordinates faith under secular reason and sacralises the ‘other’ by elevating difference into the sole transcendental term. Theorists of the post-secular such as Jürgen Habermas or William Connolly also equate secular modernity with metaphysical universalism, which they seek to replace with post-metaphysical pluralism. In contrast, the alternative that this article outlines is an international theory that develops the Christian realism of the English School in the direction of a metaphysical-political realism. Such a realism binds together reason with faith and envisions a ‘corporate’ association of peoples and nations beyond the secularist settlement of Westphalia that is centred on national states and transnational markets. By linking immanent values to transcendent principles, this approach can rethink religion in international affairs and help revive grand theory in IR.
Landscape-scale disturbance and protected areas: long-term dynamics of populations of the shrimp, Macrobrachium olfersi in lowland Neotropical streams, Costa Rica
Authors: Snyder Marcia N. , Pringle Catherine M. , Tiffer-Sotomayor Ruth
Published: January 2013

Freshwater migratory shrimps, an important component of tropical aquatic ecosystems, are vulnerable to land-use change during their upstream and downstream migrations. At La Selva Biological Station in the Sarapiquí region of Costa Rica, shrimp population data were collected between 1988 and 1989, before massive land-use change occurred downstream that could potentially affect shrimp recruitment upstream. Using generalized linear models and a Bayesian inference framework, the relative abundance of Macrobrachium olfersi between recent (2008–2011) and historical time periods (1988–1989) was compared in three stream reaches. Shrimp relative abundance in two stream reaches within the protected area of La Selva was relatively constant yearly and between recent post-disturbance (2008–2011) and historical pre-disturbance (1988–89) time periods. In contrast, a stream reach bordered by pasture accessible to fishermen, showed an 87% decrease in relative abundance between recent and historical time periods suggesting site-level disturbance, possibly from fishing. The lack of change between historical and contemporary sampling periods within interior-forest stream reaches suggests that shrimp populations in protected forested reaches are resistant or resilient to certain land-use changes occurring downstream.
Impact of Candidate Selection Systems on Election Results: Evidence from Taiwan before and after the Change in Electoral Systems
Authors: Fell Dafydd
Published: January 2013

A central challenge for scholars of party politics is to explain parties' electoral success or failure. Campaign strategies, candidate personalities, electoral systems, parties' issue emphasis and policy positions all receive extensive coverage in the literature. One variable that has been neglected is the role of nomination systems in election results. This is surprising considering how politicians often blame candidate selection failures for disappointing electoral outcomes and then reform nomination mechanisms in the hope of improving future election prospects. In this study I examine the relationship between nomination systems and electoral results in Taiwan before and after the change in electoral systems. I show that candidate selection methods have played an important role in shaping Taiwan's party system under the old and new electoral systems.
Exploring the hormonal and molecular regulation of sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) seed dormancy
Authors: Wang Yue-zhi , Dai Mei-song , Zhang Shu-jun , Shi Ze-bin
Published: January 2013

Although pear species (Pyrusspp.) are widely cultivated as an important fruit tree in the world, the regulatory mechanism of their seed dormancy is still unclear. In this research, the role of endocarp, seed coat and embryo in sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) seed dormancy was analysed by detecting the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and analysing germination experiments with different treatments. The results suggest that a combination of testa and embryo impose sand pear seed dormancy. The high concentration of endogenous ABA in the embryo effectively inhibited seed germination. The high concentration of ABA in the endocarp, as well as in the testa, suggests that dissipation and/or degradation of endogenous ABA in imbibed embryos were suppressed to maintain ABA-inhibited germination. The ABA and gibberellic acid (GA) key signalling genes, includingABI3–5,GAI,RGAandRGL2, were cloned and their expression was analysed in ABA-treated embryos and embryos of imbibed nutlets, imbibed true seeds (endocarp removed) and GA-treated true seeds. The results revealed regulation by ABA of the expression of ABA and GA signalling factors controlling the dormancy release of sand pear imbibed seeds.
Dispersal and germination syndromes of tree seeds in a seasonal evergreen monsoon rainforest on Hainan Island, China
Authors: Yang Wenjie , Liu Fude , Zhang Shiting , An Shuqing
Published: January 2013

This paper examines the dispersal–germination strategy of seeds of 66 native tree species from a seasonal evergreen monsoon rainforest on Hainan Island, China, and assesses correlations among seed germination and phylogeny, dispersal mode and dispersal season. Seeds of 15, 7, 25 and 19 species were dispersed during the warm dry (March–May), rainy (June–September), late rainy (October–November) and cool dry (December–February) seasons, respectively. Berries (16 species), drupes (14 species) and capsules (12 species) were common and represented about 64% of the species. Zoochory was the most common dispersal mode (69.7%) followed by anemochory (16.7%) and autochory (13.6%). More than 65% of species had dormant seeds. Based on germination speed and synchrony, six patterns were recognized: rapid and synchronous germination (13 species), intermediate and synchronous germination (3 species), intermediate and intermediately synchronous germination (24 species), intermediate and asynchronous germination (2 species), slow and intermediately synchronous germination (5 species), and slow and asynchronous germination (19 species). One-way ANOVAs revealed that the variance in germination percentages among species was largely dependent upon phylogeny. The mean and median length of germination (MLG) were largely dependent upon phylogeny, dispersal mode and dispersal season. Anemochorous seeds germinated faster than autochorous and zoochorous seeds. Seeds dispersed in the late dry or early rainy season (March–May) tended to germinate quickly, whereas those dispersed towards the end of the rainy season and into the cool dry season are likely to have a much longer length of dormancy. Correlation analyses indicated that larger seeds germinated faster and had higher germination percentages.
Living in a leisure town: residential reactions to the growth of popular tourism in Southend, 1870–1890
Authors: CHURCHILL DAVID
Published: January 2013

While historical interest in the seaside has grown appreciably in recent times, much of the literature remains preoccupied with issues specific to resort towns. This article examines the social dynamics of the seaside town more broadly, through a study of Southend residents in the 1870s and 1880s. It analyses their discussions of working-class tourists and the industries which catered for them, before examining attempts to regulate the use of public space in the town. This is a study of rapid urbanization in a small town, and how social perceptions and relations were reconfigured in this context.
Quality of life in obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Macy Alexandra S. , Theo Jonathan N. , Kaufmann Sonia C. V. , Ghazzaoui Rassil B. , Pawlowski Paul A. , Fakhry Hala I. , Cassmassi Brian J. , IsHak Waguih William
Published: January 2013

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has a profound impact with a high disease burden. In order to truly understand the scope of the effect OCD has on the patient population, one must take into account not only the relentless symptoms beleaguering the patients but also examine their overall ability to enjoy their life. Quality of life (QOL) assessments/improvements are becoming an increasingly important component of healthcare, especially in the mental health field. This review examines QOL in OCD, as well as the influence of comorbidities, and the impact that OCD treatment has on QOL. We searched MEDLINE/PUBMED and PsycINFO databases from 1980–2011 using keywords “obsessive compulsive disorder” OR “OCD” AND “quality of life” OR “QOL.” Fifty-eight studies meeting specific selection criteria were ultimately included in this review. The results show that QOL in OCD is significantly impaired when compared to QOL in the general population and in patients with other psychiatric and medical disorders. Likewise, QOL in OCD also appears to be largely affected by comorbid conditions, which should be taken into account when developing a treatment plan. Furthermore, QOL in OCD has been shown to improve with medications and with both individual and group psychotherapy, albeit not to the levels enjoyed by community norms. QOL assessment in both clinical and research settings is important to examine the disease burden, to monitor treatment effectiveness, and to determine full recovery from OCD. Treatment providers should strive to not only reach symptom abatement, but also to assure that patients have regained satisfaction and functioning in their daily lives.
Biosafety considerations for in vivo work with risk group 3 pathogens in large animals and wildlife in North America
Authors: Olsen S. C.
Published: January 2013

Regulations in the United States require animal biosafety level 3 (ABSL-3) or biosafety level 3 agriculture (BSL-3-Ag) containment for many endemic zoonotic pathogens and etiologic agents of foreign animal diseases. In an effort to protect public health, billions of dollars were invested in regulatory programs over many years to reduce the prevalence of zoonotic pathogens such as Brucella and Mycobacterium bovis in domestic livestock. In addition to research needs in domestic livestock hosts, the establishment of brucellosis and tuberculosis in wildlife in the United States has created a need for research studies addressing these zoonotic diseases. As guidelines in the Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL, 2009) for BSL-3 and BSL-3-Ag facilities are primarily directed toward laboratory or vivarium facilities, additional issues should be considered in designing large animal containment facilities for domestic livestock and/or wildlife. Flight distance, herd orientation, social needs, aggressiveness, and predictability are all factors we considered on a species by species basis for designing our containment facilities and for work practices with large ruminants. Although safety risk cannot be completely eliminated when working with large animals, studies in natural hosts are critical for advancing vaccine and diagnostic development, and providing basic knowledge of disease pathogenesis in natural hosts. Data gathered in these types of studies are vital for state and national regulatory personnel in their efforts to design strategies to control or eradicate diseases such as brucellosis and tuberculosis in their natural hosts, whether it is domestic livestock or wildlife. It is likely that failure to address the prevalence of disease in wildlife reservoirs will lead to re-emergence in domestic livestock. The overall benefit of these studies is to protect public health, provide economic benefits to producers, and protect the economic investment made in regulatory programs.