bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAS MUITAS HISTÓRIAS A SEREM (RE) CONSTRUÍDAS: HISTÓRIA SOCIAL LINGUÍSTICA DO BRASIL E HISTÓRIA SOCIAL DA CULTURA ESCRITA
Authors: Souza Pedro Daniel dos Santos
Published: October 2018

No presente trabalho, refletimos sobre as formas de aproximação da história social da cultura escrita a uma história social linguística do Brasil, apresentando uma síntese historiográfica pautada, sobretudo, nas proposições de Houaiss ([1985] 1992) e Mattos e Silva (1998), que estão na base do Subprograma História Social da Cultura Escrita (HISCULTE). Buscamos traçar um breve panorama da emergência de pesquisas que, no âmbito do referido Subprograma, passaram a se preocupar com o modo como, em diferentes espaços e temporalidades, uma determinada realidade social é construída, pensada, “dada a ler”, nos termos de Chartier (2002). Considerando que uma história social linguística do Brasil não se resume a uma história do português do Brasil, tampouco a uma história do português brasileiro, será na historiografia do português brasileira que emergirá uma preocupação com as “outras línguas” faladas no Brasil, as línguas brasileiras, sejam indígenas ou de imigração, haja vista que as africanas foram deixadas de falar como línguas plenas. Nesse contexto, a preocupação com a difusão social da escrita, inscrita na históriasocial linguística do Brasil, relaciona-se também com uma melhor compreensãosobre a definição das normas cultas e vernaculares e o papel da escola na formação da realidade sociolinguística de nosso país.Palavras-chave: História social linguística. Cultura escrita. HISCULTE
PENSAR, SENTIR E PRODUZIR: AS CONSTRUÇÕES DO ESCRITO E AS ESTRATÉGIAS DE CIRCULAÇÃO DE MEMÓRIAS NATURALISTAS DE LUSOBRASILEIROS NO SÉCULO XVIII
Authors: Moscato Daniela Casoni
Published: October 2018

Neste artigo nos deteremos sobre alguns aspectos da composição de memórias de viagens filosóficas. Para tal, selecionamos um grupo de naturalistas luso-brasileiros que se formou naturalista na Universidade de Coimbra após as Reformas Pombalinas: João da Silva Feijó, Manuel Arruda da Câmara, Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira, Vieira Couto, Francisco José de Lacerda Almeida. Esses viajantes utilizaram em suas publicações alguns padrões narrativos e que, em certa medida, colaboraram em sua circulação e o texto que eles escreveram será pensado como um produto científico e parte dos muitos dos instrumentos da “República das Ciências”. Assim, algumas questões inerentes sobre a escrita desse grupo são fundamentais, como as instruções científicas, a valorização no corpo textual do naturalista sobre outros errantes, a preocupação com redação e o uso, quando necessário, de recursos literários como o da citação de outros letrados e de livros. Há também que considerar o emprego de elementos próprios da literatura de viagem, como a intertextualidade e reeleitura.Palavras-chave: memórias de viagem, ciência e escrita
O LEITOR E A LEITURA DO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Magalhães Lívia Borges Souza
Published: October 2018

O cenário de mudança que se instaura no mundo em função do avanço tecnológicotem provocado uma série de mudanças nas práticas cotidianas. Objetivou-se,neste trabalho, discutir sobre essas modificações no exercício da leitura e, por consequência, nos leitores. Para tanto, fez-se um percurso histórico sobre a evolução da tecnologia computacional, uma análise sobre o texto no ambiente virtual, destacando o hipertexto e suas principais características e peculiaridades e, por fim, abordou-se sobre o mercado leitura, avaliando desde as especulações até o cenário atual brasileiro.Palavras-chave: Leitura. Tecnologia computacional. Século XXI
“SOY LOCO POR TI, AMÉRICA”: TROPICALISMO, MÚSICA E IDENTIDADE LATINO-AMERICANA
Authors: Santos Éverton , Ramalho Christina
Published: October 2018

Para além de uma análise da letra da canção “Soy loco por ti, América”, compostapor Gilberto Gil e Capinan e gravada por Caetano Veloso, pela primeira vez, em1968, este artigo aponta na direção de repensar o sentido da música latino-americana, principalmente a de protesto, a partir da segunda metade do século XX.Para tanto, por meio de revisão bibliográfica, visamos a uma abordagem acerca domovimento tropicalista, no Brasil, da relação entre a América Latina e a produçãomusical, inclusive no que diz respeito às representações identitárias da região, e,por fim, a uma discussão do viés engajado ou lírico-amoroso/ufanista que envolvea canção citada.Palavras-chave: América Latina. Tropicalismo. Canção. Identidade.
IDENTIDADE E MEMÓRIA NOS VERSOS DA CANÇÃO: O DISCURSO DE ETNICIDADE PRESENTE EM NA LETRA DA CANÇÃO MÃE ÁFRICA
Authors: Barbosa Sara Rogéria Santos
Published: October 2018

Este artigo objetiva analisar a construção discursiva étnica negra presente na letra da canção Mãe África (SIVUCA; PINHEIRO, s/n, 1982), uma vez que esta traz em seu bojo traços memorialistas, saudosistas e, por que não dizer, de fortalecimento identitário negro, de pertencimento. Tal sentimento de pertença, tão visto durante o Romantismo quando da necessidade de se formar uma identidade nacional, é percebido na letra da canção aqui analisada a partir da narrativa de um passado não vivido pelo homem do século XX, mas recepcionado como parte de sua ancestralidade, de tal forma que o sentimento que aflora é de saudade de um tempo nunca vivido e um desejo de retornar a uma terra onde nunca esteve. A metodologia aplicada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise de conteúdo à luz dos pressupostos dos Estudos Culturais e da Literatura Comparada.Palavras-chave: Literatura e Música. Memória e História. Construção identitária.
OPERETA VERBAL DO DRAMA CARTESIANO NO TEATRO DA IMAGINAÇÃO TROPICAL
Authors: Souza Carlos Cézar Mascarenhas de
Published: October 2018

O objetivo do presente artigo consiste em abordar dois aspectos que se manifestamna escritura da prosa-poética Catatau, do escritor Paulo Leminski, que são: a teatralidade e a musicalidade. E, ao mesmo tempo, visa articular uma leitura interdisciplinar com as contribuições da Psicanálise freudo-lacaniana sobre o problema da “identidade” a partir do discurso enunciado pela personagem Renatus Cartesius, duplo ficcional do filósofo francês René Descartes que, segundo a narrativa desta ficção literária, teria vindo ao Brasil durante o governo de Maurício de Nassau no período das “Invasões Holandesas” em Pernambuco.Palavras-Chaves: Literatura. Psicanálise. Teatro. Música. Identidade.
A CRUZADA DA PURIFICAÇÃO NACIONAL CONTRA A BOSSA NOVA: ECOS DE UM DEBATE
Authors: Paranhos Adalberto
Published: October 2018

Tempos atrás, Elomar, o cantador das caatingas, exprimiu toda a sua insatisfação em relação à Bossa Nova, um caso explícito, segundo ele, de “puxa-saquismo cultural” de quem resolveu “jazzar o samba” para entrar no mercado norte-americano. Este artigo procura evidenciar que ouvir Elomar falar equivale a comprar um bilhete para uma viagem sem volta rumo ao passado, pois suas palavras representam, sob vários aspectos, um eco tardio de argumentos esgrimidos por nacionalistas ferrenhos, a exemplo do pesquisador e jornalista José Ramos Tinhorão e outros mais. No rastro do sucesso da Bossa Nova, entre o fim dos anos 1950 e a década de 1960, a reação se instalou e estalou, pondo em movimento uma verdadeira cruzada de purificação da música popular brasileira, uma versão à moda da casa de uma espécie de “nazismo cultural”. Este texto, escrito fora dos padrões acadêmicos mais ortodoxos, mergulha, a partir da crítica às formulações de Elomar, no debate do período em torno da Bossa Nova. Dirigido especialmente a não iniciados na matéria, ele, tal como aparece aqui, é um fragmento inicial de um longo artigo, publicado em 1990,sem nunca haver chegado até hoje aos meios de comunicação digital.Palavras-chave: Samba e jazz. Bossa Nova. Nacionalismo musical.
Heme Oxygenases1 (Hmox1) and Serum Ferritin Level between Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Putra Ridwan A , Effendi Jusuf S , Sabarudin Udin
Published: October 2018

Objective: To determine the comparison of Hmox-1 to serum

ferritin level between patients with preeclampsia and normal

pregnancy.

Methods: This study used analytic observational with cross

sectional design. We included 30 subjects with preeclampsia and the

other 30 people with normal pregnancy in accordance with

inclusion and exclusion criteria. Examination of Hmox-1 and ferritin

level was performed through ELISA method. The data consisted of

physical and laboratory examination and they would be continued

to the calculation in the statistical analysis.

Results: The average of Hmox-1 level in normal pregnancy and

preeclampsia was 1.2 (SD 1.6) ng/ml and 0.3 (SD 0.2) ng/ml

(p
Incidence and Audit of Treatment on Third and Fourth Grade Perineal Tear
Authors: Santoso, Budi I , Pamungkas Satriyo
Published: October 2018

Objective: To describe the incidence of 3rd and 4th grade perineal

tear in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital on the period of 2011 -

2014 and its compatibility of treatment based on RCOG guidelines.

Methods: Data were collected through medical records on women

who had vaginal delivery in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital from

January 2011 to December 2014. This was a descriptive study with

cross sectional design.

Results: The incidence of 3rd and 4th grade perineal tear each year

were 3.55%, 4.35%, 3.95%, and 1.77% consecutively. About 100%

treatment were accompanied by consultant; 3.5% performed in

operating theatre; 90.7% were given postoperative antibiotic;

42.2% were given urinal catheter in 1x24 hour postoperative;

100% were given analgesic. About 61.4% of procedures were not

compatible with RCOG guidelines.

Conclusion: The study showed that the incidence of 3rd and 4th

grade of perineal tear was 3.66% for 4 years and the compliance to

RCOG standard was 38.6%.

[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 5-1: 35-41]

Keywords: incidence, RCOG, third and fourth grade of perineal tear,

treatment
Neutrophil and Platelet to Lmphocyte Ratio in Ovarian Malignancy
Authors: Utama Francesca , Tendean Hermie , Laihad Bismarck J
Published: October 2018

Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of neutrophil

- lymphocyte ratio compared with platelet - lymphocyte ratio in

predicting ovarian malignancies.

Methods: This was an observational analytic study with diagnostic

test design on 37 ovarian tumor patients who were planned to

perform laparotomy in Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado and

network hospitals in Manado from March to May 2016. We took

blood samples to assess the complete blood count.

Results: During the period, we obtained the mean age of 28.1 years

old (range 18-71 years old). A total of 13 samples showed

malignancy which the cystadenocarcinoma mucinosum (27.0%) as

the most common histopathological types. Sensitivity and specificity

value of neutrophil - lymphocyte ratio were 92.3% and 95.8% with

2.47 as the cut-off point. Meanwhile, the sensitivity and specificity

of platelet - lymphocyte ratio were 61.5% and 75.0% with 152.86

as cut-off point.

Conclusion: Both neutrophil - lymphocyte ratio and platelet -

lymphocyte ratio are associated with ovarian malignancy. The

sensitivity and specificity of neutrophil - platelet ratio show better

prediction for ovarian malignancies.

[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 5-1: 55-59]

Keywords: neutrophil - lymphocyte ratio, ovarian cancer, platelet -

lymphocyte ratio
Iron Deficiency Anemia, Cystitis, and Bacterial Vaginosis Increase the Risk for Developing Preterm Labor
Authors: Sumampouw Janet , Suwiyoga I Ketut , Negara Ketut S.
Published: October 2018

Objective: To prove the association of iron deficiency anemia, cystitis, and bacterial vaginosis as risk factors for preterm labor.Methods: This study was an observational case-control study conducted at the Polyclinic and IRD of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sanglah Denpasar General Hospital Center between September and December 2015. The sample selection was done by consecutive sampling with total sample as many as 35 case samples (women with preterm pregnancy) and 35 control samples (women with aterm pregnancy).Results: Pregnant mothers with iron deficiency anemia had 4 fold increased risk of developing preterm labor (OR = 4.04, 95% CI = 1.15 to 14.16, p = 0.023) compared to those without iron deficiency anemia. Pregnant mothers with cystitis had 4 fold increased risk of preterm labor (OR = 4.00, 95% CI = 1.25 to 12.80, p = 0.016) compared to those without cystitis. Pregnant mothers with bacterial vaginosis had 3 fold increased risk of preterm frequency (OR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.22 to 8.63, p = 0.017) compared to those without bacterial vaginosis.Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia, cystitis, and bacterial vaginosis increase the risk for developing preterm labor.[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 5-2: 73-76]Keywords: bacterial vaginosis, cystitis, iron deficiency anemia, preterm labor
DHARMA AND ADHARMA DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE PANDAWA AND WIRATA FIGURES IN THE KICAKA GEGURITAN TEXT
Authors: Suastika I Made , Puspawati Luh Putu
Published: October 2018

The epic tale of Mahabharata in the Old Javanese language contains various values, several of which are conveyed through its figures especially Pandawa and Korawa. The value of dharma is addressed through Pandawa who always has a quality of being good, honest, and courageous, with courteous behavior in speaking and actions. The Korawa figure more dominantly expresses adharma such as being less praiseworthy, coarse, with an evil disposition, wanting to dominate and get rid of his brothers on the Pandawa side, moreover even not hesitating to wish to kill them. The Kicaka Geguritan text in the Balinese language, from the Wirataparwa section of the Mahabharata, often reveals the value of dharma and adharma through the figures of Pandawa and from the Wirata kingdom. The author of the Kicaka Geguritan has a dialogue about these values when the figure of Pandawa is in a condition of suffering and alienates himself from the Wirata kingdom. In that episode, Pandawa receives less praiseworthy treatment and is hegemonized by the figures from the kingdom. Through the figure of Yudistira and others the teachings of dharma, also known as darma sadu, are expressed in their thought, speech, and action when dealing with other figures. Therefore, this paper will present the qualities of dharma and adharma as manifested by the figures in the Kicaka Geguritan while also showing that sasuluh awareness of dharma is conveyed through reading geguritan texts in Bali.
Physiological response of sweet corn (Zea mays var. merit) to foliar application of salicylic acid under water deficit stress
Authors: Behrouzyar Ebrahim Khalilvand , Yarnia Mehrdad
Published: October 2018

The effect of water deficit stress and salicylic acid application on physiological characteristics of sweet corn (Zea mays var. Merit), an experiment was conducted. Treatments were water deficit stress in three levels: a1: normal irrigation (100% FC irrigation), a2: fair stress (75% FC irrigation) and a3: mild stress (50% FC irrigation). The second factor was the 0/1 mM salicylic acid application in six levels [b1: control, b2: seed priming, b3: SA application in 3 leaves stage, b4: SA application in pollination stage, b5: seed priming + SA application in pollination stage and b6: SA application at 3 leaves stage + pollination stage. The analysis of variance showed significant effect of interaction between water deficit stress and SA application on Chl. a, Chl. b, Chl. a + b, 100-grain weight and ear yield (p < 0.01). Results showed that SA application at 3-leaves stage + pollination stage indicated five times more Chl.a as compared with control in 50% FC irrigation. SA application at 3-leaves stage proved 4/2 and 4/4 times more Chl.b and Chl. a + b as compared to control in mild stress. SA application at pollination stage had the highest (36/15 g) and control at mild stress had the lowest (10/56 g) 100-grain weight. Also, SA application at 3-leaves stage + pollination stage had the highest (245/1 g/plant) and control at mild stress had the lowest (74/25 g/plant) ear yield.
Effects of low temperature on Chrysanthemum shiwogiku var. kinokuniense in vitro conservation
Authors: Weilan - , Xu Shucheng , Zhu Xuelan
Published: October 2018

The effect of low temperature condition on wild Chrysanthemum shiwogiku var. in vitro conservation was investigated, and its plant regeneration hereditary stability was detected using its sterile seedling. The results show that the test tube young plant grows rapidly, and its preservation time is short at a temperature at 25±2°C, at condition of 12 h/d, photoperiod at 2000 ~ 3000 lx, and all die after 180 days. However, the sterile seedling grows slowly under low-temperature, and its preservation time extends to 360 days. The sterile seedling surviving rate was above 96%. The data indicate that the 4°C low temperature is advantageous to Chrysanthemum plantlets preservation. After preservation, the recovered plantlets grow well and show no differences in morphology and isoenzyme zymogram of peroxidase, ISSR-PCR compared with the control. In addition, the results show that low temperature in vitro plantlets maintain genetic stability.
‘The Empire Strikes Back’ ?: HGIS de las Indias and the Postcolonial Death Star
Authors: Stangl Werner
Published: October 2018

This article serves a two-fold purpose: first, to give an overview of the project HGIS de las Indias, and second to ask for its relation with the epistemological currents in spatial humanities, thereby raising some fundamental thoughts and inquietudes about the relationship between projects designed for accommodating particular practical needs and overarching theory. In the first part, thus, we will sketch the initial impulse that made the project come to life; then, we will outline the basic structure, features, and general characteristics of the database and its web application, briefly commenting on how that database design correlates and conflicts with the ontologies of historical sources underlying the reconstruction process. In the second part, we will try to tackle the question of whether projects of such tailoring should have a place within the spatial humanities, which seem to have shifted or solidified their epistemological center in poststructuralist, postmodern, postcolonial, and neo-geographic discourses, advocating for a reflected employment of digital spatial tools focussing on their different roles within the humanities instead of enforcing a growing divide between a theoretical navel-gazing and an atheoretical practice.
Sugar Substitutes: Mechanism, Availability, Current Use and Safety Concerns-An Update
Authors: Gupta Megha
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Dental caries has continued to be the major oral disease in the past, as well as the present scenario. Cariogenic sugars in the presence of specific bacteria Streptococcus mutans over a period have been attributed as the major etiologic agent for dental caries. The association between sugar consumption and dental caries has been well documented.
AIM: Hence, the dental profession shares an interest in the search for safe, palatable sugar substitutes.
METHODS: Therefore, the use of a suitable sugar substitute can help in combating dental caries.
RESULTS: Out of the various sugar substitutes available, xylitol is the most widely used. It is available in various forms. It decreases the plaque formation, bacterial adherence and inhibits the growth of Mutans Streptococci.
CONCLUSION: This article provides a comprehensive review of the sugar substitutes, present-day availability, role in the prevention of dental caries and their safety concerns.
Probiotics Improve Urogenital Health in Women
Authors: Ballini Andrea , Santacroce Luigi , Cantore Stefania , Bottalico Lucrezia , Dipalma Gianna , De Vito Danila , Saini Rajiv , Inchingolo Francesco
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Urogenital recurrent infections represent a global medical issue in the world, affecting millions of women because of dramatic shifts in bacterial composition and concentrations in response to numerous endogenous and exogenous factors. Urogenital microbiota forms a mutually beneficial relationship with their host and has a major impact on health and disease.
AIM: This study aimed to compare probiotic therapy versus placebo in Oxidative Stress Values (OSVs) and histological features in urogenital infections in female patients.
METHODS: Forty (n = 40) patients diagnosed with recurrent urogenital infections were recruited to be treated as test group (n = 20), receiving Probiotics, and a control group (n = 20), receiving looking similar placebo, both for 90 days. Both the groups were assessed for total oxidant capacity (d-ROMs test) and biological antioxidant potential as iron-reducing activity (BAP test) at baseline, after 1 and 3 months. Histological changes on inner vaginal mucosa were also investigated, during the entire study.
RESULTS: d-ROM assay clearly showed that the values of the test group were significantly different, thus leading the general health conditions from a state of high oxidative stress to low oxidative stress levels. Increasing of BAP values were more significant, and clinically relevant, in probiotic test group over time.
CONCLUSION: Our pilot study gave interesting and promising elements to confirm the safety and effectiveness of oral probiotics in preventing/reducing the recurrent urogenital infections by an overall modification of inner vaginal microbiota.
Marine invertebrate biodiversity from the Argentine Sea, South Western Atlantic
Authors: Bigatti Gregorio , Signorelli Javier
Published: October 2018

The list of marine invertebrate biodiversity living in the southern tip of South America is compiled. In particular, the living invertebrate organisms, reported in the literature for the Argentine Sea, were checked and summarized covering more than 8,000 km of coastline and marine platform. After an exhaustive literature review, the available information of two centuries of scientific contributions is summarized. Thus, almost 3,100 valid species are currently recognized as living in the Argentine Sea. Part of this dataset was uploaded to the OBIS database, as a product of the Census of Marine Life-NaGISA project. A list of 3,064 valid species, grouped into 1,662 genera distributed in 808 families and 23 phyla, was assessed. The best represented taxa were Arthropoda and Mollusca, contributing approximately with the 50% of the mentioned species in the literature. Cumulative species curves were analyzed in order to estimate the percentage of marine invertebrate biodiversity that is currently known. However, no model fit to our data, showing that the recorded species represent less than 50% of the expected marine invertebrate biodiversity for the Argentine Sea. The great surface of the Argentine Marine Platform (6,581,500 km2) and the relative low effort in collecting and studying new species due to economical restrictions could explain the low fraction of described species. The training of new taxonomists, as well as, the support of projects that contribute to the knowledge of marine invertebrate biodiversity from South Western Atlantic is recommended.
« Le fis n’a jamais participé à la lutte armée »
Authors: Dhina Mourad , Lamloum Olfa
Published: October 2018

Mourad Dhina est l’un des principaux organisateur du dernier congrès du fis . Confluences l’a renconté à Genève pour recueillir son point de vue sur ce congrès contesté.
Pouvoir et affairisme : l’Algérie des réseaux
Authors: Merhi Mahmoud
Published: October 2018

Partenaires économiques, publics et privés et sociaux ( ugta …) déplorent tous publiquement la non-transparence des activités économiques et/ou l’orientation manifeste vers une économie de bazar. Les chiffres des pouvoirs publics sont constamment contestés par différentes instances dont le cnes , organe consultatif. Mais, globalement, tous les acteurs directs et indirects de la sphère économique contribuent objectivement à maintenir, voire à accentuer l’opacité des activités qui y sont liées.
L’Algérie s’intègre dans l’Empire
Authors: Ravenel Bernard
Published: October 2018

L’évolution et la nature des rapports qui s’établissent entre les Etats-Unis et l’Algérie depuis le début des années 90 constituent un exemple « paradigmatique » du changement des relations stratégiques qui s’opère dans le monde depuis l’effondrement du système soviétique.
ÇALIŞMA ZAMANI KÜLTÜRÜNÜN TÜKETİM TOPLUMU AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: DEMİRBİLEK Sevda , SEÇER H. Şebnem , KÖLEOĞLU Duygu
Published: October 2018

Küreselleşme, değişen çalışma biçimleri ve örgüt yapıları, yatay hiyerarşi, bilgi teknolojileri ve esneklik gibi gelişmeler yeni bir zaman disiplinini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu durum, yeni bir zaman kültürünün günümüz tüketim toplumu modelinde oluşmaya başladığını göstermektedir.Buradan hareketle, çalışmanın amacı çalışma zamanı kültürünü kavramsal ve teorik yönleriyle incelemek ve tüketim toplumu açısından irdelemektir. Sonuç olarak, tüketim toplumu bağlamında değişen toplumsal değerler ve etik, farklılaşan ekonomik yapı, artan boş zaman ihtiyacı gibi faktörlerin çalışma zamanına ilişkin kültürü ve algıyı da değiştirdiği gözlenmiştir.
Computationally Designed Bispecific MD2/CD14 Binding Peptides Show TLR4 Agonist Activity
Authors: Michaeli Amit , Mezan Shaul , Kühbacher Andreas , Finkelmeier Doris , Elias Maayan , Zatsepin Maria , Reed Steven G. , Duthie Malcolm S. , Rupp Steffen , Lerner Immanuel , Burger-Kentischer Anke
Published: October 2018

Toll-like receptor 4 plays an important role in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune response. The majority of TLR4 activators currently in clinical use are derivatives of its prototypic ligand LPS. The discovery of innovative TLR4 activators has the potential of providing new therapeutic immunomodulators and adjuvants. We used computational design methods to predict and optimize a total of 53 cyclic and linear peptides targeting myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2) and cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), both coreceptors of human TLR4. Activity of the designed peptides was first assessed using NF-κB reporter cell lines expressing either TLR4/MD2 or TLR4/CD14 receptors, then binding to CD14 and MD2 confirmed and quantified using MicroScale Thermophoresis. Finally, we incubated select peptides in human whole blood and observed their ability to induce cytokine production, either alone or in synergy with LPS. Our data demonstrate the advantage of computational design for the discovery of new TLR4 peptide activators with little structural resemblance to known ligands and indicate an efficient strategy with which to identify TLR4 targeting peptides that could be used as easy-to-produce alternatives to LPS-derived molecules in a variety of settings.
The End of the Binary Era: Revisiting the Spectrum of Tuberculosis
Authors: Lin Philana Ling , Flynn JoAnne L.
Published: October 2018

Human Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was thought to result in either active symptomatic tuberculosis (TB) or latent asymptomatic infection. It is now clear that this binary classification is insufficient to describe the myriad of infection outcomes. In active TB, symptomatic disease can be mild to severe, with a range of lung and thoracic lymph node involvement or extrapulmonary manifestations. Most humans control the infection and develop latent TB infection, with differential risks of reactivation to active TB. However, some frequently exposed persons appear to be resistant to infection, whereas others may initially become infected yet subsequently eliminate all bacilli. The immunologic factors influencing these varied outcomes are still not clear, but likely involve a range of different responses. In this article, we review the data supporting the spectrum of M. tuberculosis infection in humans as well as data in nonhuman primates that allow dissection of the immune responses leading to the varied outcomes of infection.
Pseudoarthrosis of second metatarsal fracture
Authors: Zanovello Jessica , Bertani Barbara , Mora Redento , Tuvo Gabriella , Mosconi Mario , Pedrotti Luisella
Published: October 2018

Metatarsal fractures make up the greatest portion of foot fractures in children. Most of them are treated with closed reduction and non-weightbearing cast immobilization.Usually, these fractures heal uneventfully and delay union and pseudoarthrosis are rare. We report a case of a 10-year-old child with non-union of the second metatarsal following a traumatic fracture, caused by an accident 10 months before, and treated successfully by osteosynthesis with plate and screws. Good clinical outcome was achieved at 2 years follow-up.
Dābār in die wysheidsboeke
Authors: Oberholzer J.P.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Heiliging volgens die nuwe testament
Authors: Van Rensburg S.P.J.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Genade en skoonheid
Authors: Engelbrecht B.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Kritiek teen artikel drie van die apostolicum; Die ontkenning van die dogma van die parthenogenesis
Authors: Koekemoer P.J. Theo
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die skrifbeskouing van die reformatore
Authors: Schulze L.F.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Karl Barth se ontwerp vir die eskatologie
Authors: König Adrio
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Sodat ek Hom mag ken
Authors: Lombard J.A.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Black Theology. Voorbereiding vir die rewolusie?
Authors: Pont A.D.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Opmerkings oor 'n teologie van die strukture
Authors: Pont A.D.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
'n Beoordeling van die toespraak van W. A. Visser 'T Hooft by die Mindolo-beraad te Kitwe, Zambië Mei-Junie 1964
Authors: Steenkamp J.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Limiting absorption principle, generalized eigenfunctions, and scattering matrix for Laplace operators with boundary conditions on hypersurfaces
Authors: Mantile Andrea , Posilicano Andrea , Sini Mourad
Published: October 2018

We provide a limiting absorption principle for the self-adjoint realizations of Laplace operators corresponding to boundary conditions on (relatively open parts

\Sigma

of) compact hypersurfaces

\Gamma= \partial \Omega, \Omega \subset \mathbb R^n

. For any of such self-adjoint operators we also provide the generalized eigenfunctions and the scattering matrix; both these objects are written in terms of operator-valued Weyl functions. We make use of a Krein-type formula which provides the resolvent difference between the operator corresponding to self-adjoint boundary conditions on the hypersurface and the free Laplacian on the whole space

\mathbb R^n

. Our results apply to all standard examples of boundary conditions, like Dirichlet, Neumann, Robin,

\delta

and

\delta′

-type, either assigned on

\Gamma

or on

\Sigma \subset \Gamma

.
Asymptotics of determinants of discrete Schrödinger operators
Authors: Bourget Alain , McMillen Tyler
Published: October 2018

We consider the asymptotics of the determinants of large discrete Schrödinger operators, i.e. “discrete Laplacian

+

diagonal”:

T_n(f) = -[\delta_{j,j+1}+\delta_{j+1,j}] + \text{diag}(f(1/n), f(2/n),\dots, f(n/n))

We extend a result of M. Kac [3] who found a formula for

\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \frac{\det(T_n(f))}{G(f)^n}

in terms of the values of

f

, where

G(f)

is a constant. We extend this result in two ways: First, we consider shifting the index: Let

T_n(f;\varepsilon) = -[\delta_{j,j+1}+\delta_{j+1,j}] + \text{diag}\Big(f\Big(\frac{\varepsilon}{n}\Big), f\Big(\frac{1+ \varepsilon}{n}\Big), \dots , f\Big(\frac{n-1+ \varepsilon}{n}\Big)\Big).

We calculate

\lim \det T_n(f;\varepsilon)/G(f)^n

and show that this limit can be adjusted to any positive number by shifting

\varepsilon

, even though the asymptotic eigenvalue distribution of

T_n(f;\varepsilon)

does not depend on

\varepsilon

. Secondly, we derive a formula for the asymptotics of

\det T_n(f)/G(f)^n

when

f

has jump discontinuities. In this case the asymptotics depend on the fractional part of

c n

, where

c

is a point of discontinuity.
Low-energy spectrum of Toeplitz operators: the case of wells
Authors: Deleporte Alix
Published: October 2018

In the 1980s, Helffer and Sjöstrand examined in a series of articles the concentration of the ground state of a Schrödinger operator in the semiclassical limit. In a similar spirit, and using the asymptotics for the Szegő kernel, we show a theorem about the localization properties of the ground state of a Toeplitz operator, when the minimal set of the symbol is a finite set of non-degenerate critical points. Under the same condition on the symbol, for any integer

K

we describe the first

K

eigenvalues of the operator.
Limit theorems for random exponentials: the bounded support case
Authors: Grabchak M , Molchanov Stanislav Alekseevich
Published: October 2018

В статье рассматриваются асимптотические распределения при подходящей нормализации суммы $S_t = \sum_{i=1}^{N_t} e^{t X_i}$, максимума $M_t = \max_{i\in\{1,…,N_t\}} e^{tX_i}$ и $l_t$-нормы $R_t=S_t^{1/t}$, когда $\lim_{t\to\infty}N_t=\infty$ и $X_1,X_2,…$ - независимые и одинаково распределенные случайные величины в максимальной области притяжения реверсивного распределения Вейбулла.
Emissions from village cookstoves in Haryana, India, and their potential impacts on air quality
Authors: Fleming Lauren T. , Weltman Robert , Yadav Ankit , Edwards Rufus D. , Arora Narendra K. , Pillarisetti Ajay , Meinardi Simone , Smith Kirk R. , Blake Donald R. , Nizkorodov Sergey A.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Air quality in rural India is impacted by residential cooking and heating
with biomass fuels. In this study, emissions of CO, CO2, and
76 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)
were quantified to better understand the relationship between cook fire
emissions and ambient ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation.
Cooking was carried out by a local cook, and traditional dishes were prepared
on locally built chulha or angithi cookstoves using
brushwood or dung fuels. Cook fire emissions were collected throughout the
cooking event in a Kynar bag (VOCs) and on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
filters (PM2.5). Gas samples were transferred from a Kynar bag to
previously evacuated stainless-steel canisters and analyzed using gas
chromatography coupled to flame ionization, electron capture, and mass
spectrometry detectors. VOC emission factors were calculated from the
measured mixing ratios using the carbon-balance method, which assumes that
all carbon in the fuel is converted to CO2, CO, VOCs, and
PM2.5 when the fuel is burned. Filter samples were weighed to calculate
PM2.5 emission factors. Dung fuels and angithi cookstoves
resulted in significantly higher emissions of most VOCs (p<0.05).
Utilizing dung–angithi cook fires resulted in twice as much of the
measured VOCs compared to dung–chulha and 4 times as much as
brushwood–chulha, with 84.0, 43.2, and 17.2 g measured
VOC kg−1 fuel carbon, respectively. This matches expectations, as the
use of dung fuels and angithi cookstoves results in lower modified
combustion efficiencies compared to brushwood fuels and chulha
cookstoves. Alkynes and benzene were exceptions and had significantly higher
emissions when cooking using a chulha as opposed to an
angithi with dung fuel (for example, benzene emission factors were
3.18 g kg−1 fuel carbon for dung–chulha and
2.38 g kg−1 fuel carbon for dung–angithi). This study
estimated that 3 times as much SOA and ozone in the maximum incremental
reactivity (MIR) regime may be produced from dung–chulha as opposed
to brushwood–chulha cook fires. Aromatic compounds dominated as SOA
precursors from all types of cook fires, but benzene was responsible for the
majority of SOA formation potential from all chulha cook fire VOCs,
while substituted aromatics were more important for dung–angithi.
Future studies should investigate benzene exposures from different stove and
fuel combinations and model SOA formation from cook fire VOCs to verify
public health and air quality impacts from cook fires.
Multi-scale Measurements of Mesospheric Aerosols and Electrons During the MAXIDUSTY Campaign
Authors: Antonsen Tarjei , Havnes Ove , Spicher Andres
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We present measurements of small scale fluctuations in aerosol populations as recorded through a mesospheric cloud system by the Faraday cups DUSTY and MUDD during the MAXIDUSTY-1B flight on the 8th of July, 2016. Two mechanically identical DUSTY probes mounted with an inter-spacing of ~ 10 cm, recorded very different currents, with strong spin modulation, in certain regions of the cloud system. A comparison to auxiliary measurement show similar tendencies in the MUDD data. Fluctuations in the electron density are found to be generally anti-correlated on all length scales, however, in certain smaller regions the correlation turns positive. We have also compared the spectral properties of the dust fluctuations, as extracted by wavelet analysis, to PMSE strength. In this analysis, we find a relatively good agreement between the power spectral density (PSD) at the radar Bragg scale inside the cloud system, however the PMSE edge is not well represented by the PSD. A comparison of proxies for PMSE strength, constructed from a combination of derived dusty plasma parameters, show that no simple proxy can reproduce PMSE strength well throughout the cloud system. Edge effects are especially poorly represented by the proxies addressed here.
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of leaves, litter, and soils of various tropical ecosystems along an elevational and land-use gradient at Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Gerschlauer Friederike , Saiz Gustavo , Schellenberger Costa David , Kleyer Michael , Dannenmann Michael , Kiese Ralf
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Variations in the stable isotopic composition of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) of fresh leaves, litter and topsoils were used to characterize soil organic matter dynamics of twelve tropical ecosystems in the Mount Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. We studied a total of 60 sites distributed along five individual elevational transects (860–4550 m a.s.l.), which define a strong climatic and land use gradient encompassing semi-natural and managed ecosystems. The combined effects of contrasting environmental conditions, vegetation, soil, and management practices had a strong impact on the δ13C and δ15N values observed in the different ecosystems. The relative abundance of C3 and C4 plants greatly determined the δ13C of a given ecosystem. In contrast, δ15N values were largely controlled by land-use intensification and climatic conditions. Both δ15N values and calculated δ15N-based enrichment factors (δ15Nlitter–δ15Nsoil) indicate tightest nitrogen cycling at high-elevation (> 3000 m a.s.l.) ecosystems, and more open nitrogen cycling both in grass-dominated and intensively managed cropping systems. The negative correlation of δ15N values with soil nitrogen content and the positive correlation with mean annual temperature suggest reduced mineralisation rates, and thus limited nitrogen availability, at least in high-elevation ecosystems. By contrast, intensively managed systems are characterized by lower soil nitrogen contents and warmer conditions, leading together with nitrogen fertilizer inputs to lower nitrogen retention, and thus, significantly higher soil δ15N values. A simple function driven by soil nitrogen content and mean annual temperature explained 68 % of the variability in soil δ15N values across all sites. Based on our results, we suggest that in addition to land use intensification, increasing temperatures in a changing climate may promote soil carbon and nitrogen losses, thus altering the otherwise stable soil organic matter dynamics of Mt. Kilimanjaro’s forest ecosystems.
Attribution of N2O sources in a grassland soil with laser spectroscopy
based isotopocule analysis
Authors: Ibraim Erkan , Wolf Benjamin , Harris Eliza , Gasche Rainer , Wei Jing , Yu Longfei , Kiese Ralf , Eggleston Sarah , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus , Zeeman Matthias , Tuzson Béla , Emmenegger Lukas , Six Johan , Henne Stephan , Mohn Joachim
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the primary atmospheric constituent involved in stratospheric ozone depletion and contributes strongly to changes in the climate system through a positive radiative forcing mechanism. The atmospheric abundance of N2O has increased from 270 ppb during the pre-industrial era to approx. 330 ppb in 2018. Even though it is well known that microbial processes in agricultural and natural soils are the major N2O source, the contribution of specific soil processes is still uncertain. The relative abundance of N2O isotopocules (14N14N16N, 14N15N16O, 15N14N16O and 14N14N18O) carries process-specific in-formation and thus can be used to trace production and consumption pathways. While isotope ratio mass spectroscopy (IRMS) was traditionally used for high-precision measurement of the isotopic composition of N2O, quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy (QCLAS) has been put forward as a complementary technique with the potential for on-site analysis. In recent years, preconcentration combined with QCLAS has been presented as a technique to resolve subtle changes in ambient N2O isotopic composition. From the end of May until the beginning of August 2016, we investigated N2O emissions from an intensively managed grassland at the study site Fendt in Southern Germany. In total, 612 measurements of ambient N2O were taken by combining preconcentration with QCLAS analyses, yielding δ15Nα, δ15Nβ, δ18O and N2O concentration with a temporal resolution of approximately one hour and precisions of 0.46 ‰, 0.36 ‰, 0.59 ‰ and 1.24 ppb, respectively. Soil δ15N-NO3− values and concentrations of NO3− and NH4+ were measured to further constrain possible N2O-emitting source processes. Furthermore, the concentration footprint area of measured N2O was determined with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model (FLEXPART-COSMO) using local wind and turbulence observations. These simulations indicated that night-time concentration observations were largely sensitive to local fluxes. While bacterial denitrification and nitrifier denitrification were identified as the primary N2O-emitting processes, N2O reduction to N2 largely dictated the isotopic composition of measured N2O. Fungal denitrification and nitrification-derived N2O accounted for 34–42 % of total N2O emissions and had a clear effect on the measured isotopic source signatures. This study presents the suitability of on-site N2O isotopocule analysis for disentangling source and sink processes in-situ and found that at the Fendt site bacterial denitrification/nitrifier denitrification is the major source for N2O, while N2O reduction acted as a major sink.
Reduced carbon cycle resilience across the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Armstrong McKay David I. , Lenton Timothy M.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Several past episodes of rapid carbon cycle and climate change are
hypothesised to be the result of the Earth system reaching a tipping point
beyond which an abrupt transition to a new state occurs. At the
Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) at ∼56 Ma and at subsequent
hyperthermal events, hypothesised tipping points involve the abrupt transfer
of carbon from surface reservoirs to the atmosphere. Theory suggests that
tipping points in complex dynamical systems should be preceded by critical
slowing down of their dynamics, including increasing temporal autocorrelation
and variability. However, reliably detecting these indicators in
palaeorecords is challenging, with issues of data quality, false positives,
and parameter selection potentially affecting reliability. Here we show that
in a sufficiently long, high-resolution palaeorecord there is consistent
evidence of destabilisation of the carbon cycle in the ∼1.5 Myr prior
to the PETM, elevated carbon cycle and climate instability following both the
PETM and Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2), and different drivers of carbon
cycle dynamics preceding the PETM and ETM2 events. Our results indicate a
loss of “resilience” (weakened stabilising negative feedbacks and greater
sensitivity to small shocks) in the carbon cycle before the PETM and in the
carbon–climate system following it. This pre-PETM carbon cycle
destabilisation may reflect gradual forcing by the contemporaneous North
Atlantic Volcanic Province eruptions, with volcanism-driven warming
potentially weakening the organic carbon burial feedback. Our results are
consistent with but cannot prove the existence of a tipping point for abrupt
carbon release, e.g. from methane hydrate or terrestrial organic carbon
reservoirs, whereas we find no support for a tipping point in deep ocean
temperature.
Field Investigations of Coastal Sea Surface Temperature Drop after Typhoon Passages
Authors: Doong Dong-Jiing , Peng Jen-Ping , Babanin Alexander V.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Sea surface temperature (SST) variability affects marine ecosystems, fisheries, ocean primary productivity, and human activities and is the primary influence on typhoon intensity. SST drops of a few degrees in the open ocean after typhoon passages have been widely documented; however, few studies have focused on coastal SST variability. The purpose of this study is to determine typhoon-induced SST drops in the near-coastal area (within 1 km of the coast) and understand the possible mechanism. The results of this study were based on extensive field data analysis. Significant SST drop phenomena were observed at the Longdong buoy in northeastern Taiwan during 43 typhoons over the past 20 years (1998~2017). The mean SST drop (∆SST) after a typhoon passage was 6.1 °C, and the maximum drop was 12.5 °C (Typhoon Fungwong in 2008). The magnitude of SST drop was larger than most of the observations in the open ocean. The mean duration of SST drop was 24 hours, and on average, 26.1 hours were required for the SST to recover to the original temperature. The coastal SST drops at Longdong were correlated with the moving tracks of typhoons. When a typhoon passes south of Longdong, the strong and persistent longshore winds induce coastal upwelling and pump cold water up to the surface, which is the dominant cause of SST drops along the coast. In this study, it was determined that cold water mainly intruded from the Kuroshio subsurface in the Okinawa Trough, which is approximately 50 km from the observation site. The magnitude of coastal SST drops depends on the area of overlap between typhoons generating strong winds and the Kuroshio. The dataset used in this study can be accessed by https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.895002.
Bayesian performance evaluation of evapotranspiration models for an arid region in northwestern China
Authors: Wei Guoxiao , Zhang Xiaoying , Ye Ming , Yue Ning , Kan Fei
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the land surface process involved in energy fluxes and balance, especially in the hydrological cycle of agricultural ecosystems. While many models have been developed to estimate ET, there has been no agreement on which model has the best performance. In this study, we evaluate four widely used ET models (i.e., the Shuttleworth Wallace (SW) model, Penman-Monteith (PM) model, Priestley-Taylor and Flint-Childs (PT-FC) model, and Advection-Aridity (AA) model) by using half-hourly ET observations obtained at a spring maize field in an arid region. The model evaluation is based on Bayesian model comparison and ranking using the Bayesian model evidence (BME), which balances between goodness-of-fit to data and model complexity. The BME-based model ranking (from the best to the worst) is SW, PM, PT-FC, and AA. The residuals between observations and corresponding model simulations are also analyzed, and the same model ranking is also obstained by using residual-based statistics, i.e., the coefficient of determination (R2), index of agreement (IA), root mean square error (RMSE) and model efficiency (EF). The PM and SW models overestimate ET, whereas the PT-FC and AA models underestimate ET in the study period. The four models also underestimate ET during the periods of partial crop cover. Especially during the late maturity stage, the PT-FC and AA models consistently produce an underestimation, and provide the worst simulated ET. As a result, at the half-hourly time scale, the SW model is the best model and recommend as the first choice for evaluating ET of spring maize in arid desert oasis areas.