bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observations of volcanic SO2 from MLS on Aura
Authors: Pumphrey H. C. , Read W. G. , Livesey N. J. , Yang K.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important atmospheric constituent, particularly in the aftermath of volcanic eruptions. These events can inject large amounts of SO2 into the lower stratosphere, where it is oxidised to form sulfate aerosols; these in turn have a significant effect on the climate. The MLS instrument on the Aura satellite has observed the SO2 mixing ratio in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from August 2004 to the present, during which time a number of volcanic eruptions have significantly affected those regions of the atmosphere. We describe the MLS SO2 data and how various volcanic events appear in the data. As the MLS SO2 data are currently not validated we take some initial steps towards their validation. First we establish the level of internal consistency between the three spectral regions in which MLS is sensitive to SO2. We compare SO2 column values calculated from MLS data to total column values reported by the OMI instrument. The agreement is good (within about 1 DU) in cases where the SO2 is clearly at altitudes above 147 hPa.
Accounting for the effects of Sastrugi in the CERES Clear-Sky Antarctic shortwave ADMs
Authors: Corbett J. , Su W.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The Cloud and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Instruments on NASA's Terra, Aqua and Soumi-NPP satellites are used to provide a long-term measurement of the Earth's energy budget. To accomplish this, the radiances measured by the instruments must be inverted to fluxes by the use of a scene-type dependent angular distribution model (ADM). For permanent snow scenes over Antarctica, shortwave ADMs are created by compositing radiance measurements over the full viewing zenith and azimuth range. However, the presence of small-scale wind blown roughness features called sastrugi cause the BRDF of the snow to vary significantly based upon the solar azimuth angle and location. This can result in monthly regional biases as large as ±15 Wm−2 in the inverted TOA SW flux. In this paper we created a set of ADMs that account for the sastrugi effect by using measurements from the Multi-Angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) instrument to derive statistical relationships between radiance from different viewing angles. These ADMs reduce the monthly regional biases to ±5 Wm−2 and the monthly-mean biases are reduced by up to 50%. These improved ADMs are used as part of the next edition of the CERES data.
The nightside magnetic field line open–closed boundary and polar rain electron energy-latitude dispersion
Authors: Wing S. , Zhang Y. L.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The polar rain electrons near the open–closed field line boundary on the nightside often exhibit energy-latitude dispersion, in which the energy decreases with decreasing latitude. The solar wind electrons from the last open-field line would E × B drift equatorward as they move toward the ionosphere, resulting in the observed dispersion. This process is modeled successfully by an open-field line particle precipitation model. The existing method for determining the magnetotail X line distance from the electron dispersion underestimates the electron path length from the X line to the ionosphere by at least 33%. The best estimate of the path length comes from using the two highest energy electrons in the dispersion region. The magnetic field line open–closed boundary is located poleward of the highest energy electrons in the dispersion region, which in turn is located poleward of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) b6, b5e, and b5i boundaries. In the four events examined, b6 is located at least 0.7–1.5° equatorward of the magnetic field line open–closed boundary. The energy-latitude dispersion seen in the electron overhang may result from the plasma sheet electron curvature and gradient drifts into the newly closed field line.
Three-dimensional multi-fluid model of a coronal streamer belt with a tilted magnetic dipole
Authors: Ofman L. , Provornikova E. , Abbo L. , Giordano S.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Observations of streamers in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission with SOHO/UVCS show dramatic differences in line profiles and latitudinal variations in heavy ion emission compared to hydrogen Ly-α emission. In order to use ion emission observations of streamers as the diagnostics of the slow solar wind properties, an adequate model of a streamer including heavy ions is required. We extended a previous 2.5-D multi-species magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model of a coronal streamer to 3-D spherical geometry, and in the first approach we consider a tilted dipole configuration of the solar magnetic field. The aim of the present study is to test the 3-D results by comparing to previous 2.5-D model result for a 3-D case with moderate departure from azimuthal symmetry. The model includes O5+ ions with preferential empirical heating and allows for calculation of their density, velocity and temperature in coronal streamers. We present the first results of our 3-D multi-fluid model showing the parameters of protons, electrons and heavy ions (O5+) at the steady-state solar corona with a tilted steamer belt. We find that the 3-D results are in qualitative agreement with our previous 2.5-D model, and show longitudinal variation in the variables in accordance with the tilted streamer belt structure. Properties of heavy coronal ions obtained from the 3-D model together with EUV spectroscopic observations of streamers will help understanding the 3-D structures of streamers reducing line-of-sight integration ambiguities and identifying the sources of the slow solar wind in the lower corona. This leads to improved understanding of the physics of the slow solar wind.
Calculation of bedload transport in Swiss mountain rivers using the model sedFlow: proof of concept
Authors: Heimann F. U. M. , Rickenmann D. , Böckli M. , Badoux A. , Turowski J. M. , Kirchner J. W.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Fully validated numerical models specifically designed for simulating bedload transport dynamics in mountain streams are rare. In this study, the recently developed modelling tool sedFlow has been applied to simulate bedload transport in the Swiss mountain rivers Kleine Emme and Brenno. It is shown that sedFlow can be used to successfully reproduce observations from historic bedload transport events with plausible parameter set-ups, meaning that calibration parameters are only varied within ranges of uncertainty that have been pre-determined either by previous research or by field observations in the simulated study reaches. In the Brenno river, the spatial distribution of total transport volumes has been reproduced with a Nash–Sutcliffe goodness of fit of 0.733; this relatively low value is partially due to anthropogenic extraction of sediment that was not considered. In the Kleine Emme river, the spatial distribution of total transport volumes has been reproduced with a goodness of fit of 0.949. The simulation results shed light on the difficulties that arise with traditional flow-resistance estimation methods when macro-roughness is present. In addition, our results demonstrate that greatly simplified hydraulic routing schemes, such as kinematic wave or uniform discharge approaches, are probably sufficient for a good representation of bedload transport processes in reach-scale simulations of steep mountain streams. The influence of different parameters on simulation results is semi-quantitatively evaluated in a simple sensitivity study. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the usefulness of sedFlow for a range of practical applications in alpine mountain streams.
Climate change and non-stationary flood risk for the upper Truckee River basin
Authors: Condon L. E. , Gangopadhyay S. , Pruitt T.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Future flood frequency for the upper Truckee River basin (UTRB) is assessed using non-stationary extreme value models and design-life risk methodology. Historical floods are simulated at two UTRB gauge locations, Farad and Reno, using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model and non-stationary Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) models. The non-stationary GEV models are fit to the cool season (November–April) monthly maximum flows using historical monthly precipitation totals and average temperature. Future cool season flood distributions are subsequently calculated using downscaled projections of precipitation and temperature from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP-5) archive. The resulting exceedance probabilities are combined to calculate the probability of a flood of a given magnitude occurring over a specific time period (referred to as flood risk) using recent developments in design-life risk methodologies. This paper provides the first end-to-end analysis using non-stationary GEV methods coupled with contemporary downscaled climate projections to demonstrate the evolution of a flood risk profile over typical design life periods of existing infrastructure that are vulnerable to flooding (e.g., dams, levees, bridges and sewers). Results show that flood risk increases significantly over the analysis period (from 1950 through 2099). This highlights the potential to underestimate flood risk using traditional methodologies that do not account for time-varying risk. Although model parameters for the non-stationary method are sensitive to small changes in input parameters, analysis shows that the changes in risk over time are robust. Overall, flood risk at both locations (Farad and Reno) is projected to increase 10–20% between the historical period 1950 to 1999 and the future period 2000 to 2050 and 30–50% between the same historical period and a future period of 2050 to 2099.
Estimating the water needed to end the drought or reduce the drought severity in the Carpathian region
Authors: Antofie T. , Naumann G. , Spinoni J. , Vogt J.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. A drought severity climatology for the Carpathian region has been produced using the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (Sc-PDSI) for the period 1961–2010. Using the Sc-PDSI and the assumptions of the Palmer drought model (PDM) the precipitation required for drought termination (when Sc-PDSI reaches −0.5) and amelioration (when Sc-PDSI reaches −2.0) are computed for periods of 1, 3, and 6 months. We discuss the reduction of the uncertainty in the determination of the beginning and ending of drought conditions, and provide a quantitative measure of the probability that any drought could be ameliorated or terminated. We present how the spatial variability of the amount of water needed for drought recovery and the climatological probability of receiving that amount of water is determined by the local conditions against the general climate characteristics of a small area such as the Carpathian region. Regionally, the Pannonian Basin, the Transylvanian Plateau and the external Carpathian foothills and plains in the southern and eastern part of the region require the highest quantity of precipitation to recover from a drought while having the lowest climatological probabilities for such amounts of rainfall. High precipitation amounts over the northern and northwest part of the region result in higher soil moisture supplies and higher climatological probabilities to end a given drought event. Moreover, the succession and/or predominance of particular types of general atmospheric circulation patterns produce a seasonal cycle and inter-annual variability of precipitation that is quantitatively reflected in the excess of precipitation that is above normal required for drought recovery. Overall, the results of this study provide an overview on the chances of recovery from a drought period with moderate or severe drought and present information useful in decision making in water and drought management.
Building long-term and high spatio-temporal resolution precipitation and air temperature reanalyses by mixing local observations and global atmospheric reanalyses: the ANATEM method
Authors: Kuentz A. , Mathevet T. , Gailhard J. , Hingray B.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Improving the understanding of past climatic or hydrologic variability has received a large attention in different fields of geosciences, such as glaciology, dendrochronology, sedimentology or hydrology. Based on different proxies, each research community produces different kind of climatic or hydrologic reanalyses, at different spatio-temporal scales and resolution. When considering climate or hydrology, numerous studies aim at characterising variability, trends or breaks using observed time-series of different regions or climate of world. However, in hydrology, these studies are usually limited to reduced temporal scale (mainly few decades, seldomly a century) because they are limited to observed time-series, that suffers from a limited spatio-temporal density. This paper introduces a new model, ANATEM, based on a combination of local observations and large scale climatic informations (such as 20CR Reanalysis). This model allow to build long-term air temperature and precipitation time-series, with a high spatio-temporal resolution (daily time-step, few km2). ANATEM was tested on the air temperature and precipitation time-series of 22 watersheds situated on the Durance watershed, in the french Alps. Based on a multi-criteria and multi-scale diagnostic, the results show that ANATEM improves the performances of classical statistical models. ANATEM model have been validated on a regional level, improving spatial homogeneity of performances and on independent long-term time-series, being able to capture the regional low-frequency variabilities over more than a century (1883–2010).
Piezoelectric transceiver matching for multiple frequencies
Authors: Ens A. , Reindl L. M.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Robust data transmission over long ranges with standard ultrasound devices is a challenge. Ultrasound indoor positioning systems in particular require long ranges and a robust data communication link. Fundamentally, a piezoelectric transducer has a narrow bandwidth for high sound pressure level and efficiency and is not suitable for broad-band applications. Moreover, ultrasound attenuation in the air increases quadratically within frequency, and thus ultrasound localization systems are restricted to low frequencies and low bandwidths. This work presents a novel method to match a piezoelectric transceiver for multiple frequencies by using the parallel and the series resonance of the transceiver. The aim is to adjust the amplitudes at different frequencies from different senders to the same level, which is important for orthogonal frequency division multiplex communication systems. Hence, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with low dynamic range (low voltage resolution) can be used to measure multiple frequencies with the same resolution. As a result, the optimization decreases the required dynamic range by 6 dB. Consequently, the ADC requires 1 bit fewer to ensure the same resolution for all carrier frequencies.
Grammatical Gender Trouble and Hungarian Gender[lessness]. Part I: Comparative Linguistic Gender
Authors: Vasvári Louise O.
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study is to define linguistic gender[lessness], with particular reference in the latter part of the article to Hungarian, and to show why it is a feminist issue. I will discuss the [socio]linguistics of linguistic gender in three types of languages, those, like German and the Romance languages, among others, which possess grammatical gender, languages such as English, with only pronominal gender (sometimes misnamed ‘natural gender’), and languages such as Hungarian and other Finno-Ugric languages, as well as many other languages in the world, such as Turkish and Chinese, which have no linguistic or pronomial gender, but, like all languages, can make lexical gender distinctions. While in a narrow linguistic sense linguistic gender can be said to be afunctional, this does not take into account the ideological ramifications in gendered languages of the “leakage” between gender and sex[ism], while at the same time so-called genderless languages can express societal sexist assumptions linguistically through, for example, lexical gender, semantic derogation of women, and naming conventions. Thus, both languages with overt grammatical gender and those with gender-related asymmetries of a more covert nature show language to represent traditional cultural expectations, illustrating that linguistic gender is a feminist issue.
Fábián, Katalin: "Contemporary Women’s Movements in Hungary: Globalization, Democracy and Gender Equality"
Authors: Glanz Penny Shima
Published: January 2015

Fábián, Katalin. Contemporary Women’s Movements in Hungary: Globalization, Democracy and Gender Equality. The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, Washington, D.C.: 2009. 396 pp., Illus. Reviewed by Penny Shima Glanz, Freelance Writer.
Kereszty, Orsolya. Nőnevelés és nemzetépítés Magyarországon 1867-1918. Sopron: Novum Publisher
Authors: Nagy Adrienn
Published: January 2015

Kereszty, Orsolya. Nőnevelés és nemzetépítés Magyarországon 1867-1918. Sopron: Novum Publisher, 2010. 364 pages; [Women's Education and Nation Building in Hungary in 1867-1918.], Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag, 2008. 72 pp. Reviewed by Adrienn Nagy, Ph.D. Candidate, University of Pécs.
Széchenyi, Kinga: "Megbélyegzettek. A kitelepítések tragédiája" [Stigmatized. The Tragedy of the Dislocations]; Hantó, Zsuzsa: "Kitiltott családok" [Banished Families]
Authors: Fenyves Katalin
Published: January 2015

Széchenyi, Kinga. 2007. “Megbélyegzettek. A kitelepítések tragédiája” [Stigmatized:The Tragedy of the Dislocations]. Pomáz: Kráter Műhely Egyesület. 614 pp., illus.Hantó, Zsuzsa. 2010. “Kitiltott családok” [Banished Families]. Második, javított és bővített kiadás (Second, corrected and extended edition). Budapest: Magyar Ház Könyvek. 475 pp., illus. + CD.Reviewed by Katalin Fenyves, Budapesti Kommunikációs és Üzleti Főiskola
Fenyves, Katalin: "Képzelt asszimiláció? Négy zsidó értelmiségi nemzedék önképe" [Imagined Assimilation? The Self-Representation of Four Generations of Jewish Intellectuals]
Authors: Gluck Mary
Published: January 2015

Fenyves, Katalin. Képzelt asszimiláció? Négy zsidó értelmiségi nemzedék önképe[Imagined Assimilation? The Self-Representation of Four Generations of Jewish Intellectuals]. Budapest: Corvina, 2010. 299 pp., illus. Reviewed by Mary Gluck, Brown University.
The Hungarian Peculiarities of National Remembrance: Historical Figures with Symbolic Importance in Nineteenth-century Hungarian History Paintings
Authors: Tóth Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2015

In order to place nineteenth-century Hungarian art into international context, this article calls for the theoretical discourse of cultural memory, when a suppressed community turns to their past and insists on their antecedents’ traditions for the survival of their culture. When, in the 1850s and 1860s, the leaders of the Habsburg Austrian Empire retaliated against Hungary for its 1848-49 “Fight for Freedom”, Hungarian visual art of the era rediscovered long-honoured figures of the historical past as the essential components of Hungarian national identity. This article argues that the successful visualization and memorialization of outstanding historical characters with symbolic values for the Hungarian nation was due to history painting itself as medium. The Hungarian painters’ choice of characters vigorously reacted to the changing political relationship between the Austrians and the Hungarians from the failure of the 1849 Hungarian Fight for Freedom until the 1850s and the 1870s involving the 1867 Austro-Hungarian Compromise. Keeping it in mind, the display and the reception of four great paintings, Bertalan Székely’s The Discovery of the Body of King Louis II (1860), Viktor Madarász’s Péter Zrínyi and Ferenc Frangepán in Prison at Wiener-Neustadt (1864), Székely’s The Women of Eger (1867) and Gyula Benczúr’s The Baptism of Vajk (1875) are analysed.
'Should We Leave or Stay?' Notes on Recent Hungarian Outmigration
Authors: Huseby-Darvas Eva V.
Published: January 2015

This preliminary study is based on Hungarian electronic media sources, informal interviews and similar personal communications, as well as statistical data provided by kind and cooperative colleagues in Hungary. Addressing the recent, massive outmigration from Hungary, the article explores some of the primary push-and-pull factors, and then discusses responses to the emigration phenomenon itself and its likely long-term demographic, social and economic implications, by scholars as well as by politicians from both the governing party and the opposition. To give the emic perspective, I cited and translated from my conversations with a few young emigrants, would-be-emigrants, and mothers’ of these young people, and thus illustrate the issue from those most involved. Then, by also citing scholars, authors, columnists, and politicians my aim was to offer the etic, or outsiders’ view, but – since for various reasons – they also appear to be involved in and concerned with the problem of outmigration, theirs is still an emic perspective, though of a different order. Realizing that the present attempt is merely a quick snapshot of an ongoing, potentially volatile and dynamic process, further research and a multidisciplinary attempt to interpret and analyze the recent emigration from Hungary are needed.
Displaying Diaspora: Chinese Christian Presence in Hungary after 1989
Authors: Nagy Dorottya
Published: January 2015

The present article draws attention to the significance of the “Christian” component in researching Chinese migrants’ presence in post-1989 Hungary within the framework of Chinese globalization and the globalization of Chinese Christianity. After a brief review of the dynamics of Chinese migration to Hungary and special focus on the formation of Chinese Christian Communities, the article examines how the concept of diaspora and the rhetoric built around it is used by missionaries to create new ways of understanding the world from migrants’ perspective and interpreting migration experiences as empowering and liberating divine arrangements for the well-being of their current residence and beyond. The case of Chinese migration to Hungary shows that the concept of diaspora implies a diverse range of community formation practices and the complexity of negotiating Chineseness, which highlights the need of revisiting the very concept of diaspora as reduced to a homogeneous and ethnically essentialized community.
Exiled Hungarians in Argentina 1948-1968: The Formation of a Community
Authors: Némethy Judith Kesserű
Published: January 2015

This paper presents the cultural activism of a group of Hungarian émigrés who fled their homeland following Soviet occupation at the end of World War II and arrived in Argentina around 1948. It deals with the intellectual activity of these exiles, especially through their cultural and educational institutions. Within five years of their arrival as dispossessed “D.P.’s,” they founded a Hungarian Center (“Centro Húngaro”) that housed, among others, a theater group, a free university, a cultural and scientific academy, a weekend school, and scout troops. At the same time, new periodicals appeared, and a substantive number of books banned in Hungary were published. I argue that it is due to the work of these institutions that the community flourished and is vital to date, in spite of its isolation and lack of reinforcement through new emigrant waves, and in spite of its hostile relationship with the government of the People’s Republic of Hungary and of a series of Argentine economic crises that forced many of its members to re-emigrate. I also discuss the impact the exiles had on their descendants, contending that as a result of the strong cultural foundations laid by them during their first twenty years of emigration, third- and fourth-generation Hungarian-Argentines have maintained to this day a strong cultural and ethnic identity, while fully integrating into Argentine society at large.
Hollywood on the Danube: Hungarian Filmmakers in a Transnational Context
Authors: Portuges Catherine
Published: January 2015

Exile, emigration and displacement have marked the trajectories of Hungarian filmmakers over the past century. Michael Curtiz, the Korda brothers—Alexander, Vincent and Zoltán—André de Toth, Emeric Pressburger, Vilmos Zsigmond, Miklós Rózsa, Peter Lorre, Géza von Radvány and other talented artists have crossed borders, cultures and languages, creating such classics as Casablanca, Somewhere in Europe, The Red Shoes and The Lost One. The legendary sign posted in Hollywood studios read: "It is not enough to be Hungarian, you have to have talent, too!" Accompanied by film extracts, rare footage, personal interviews, archive photographs, and documentary materials, my presentation explores the transnational odysseys of these Hungarian directors, producers, cinematographers, composers, actors and screenwriters whose artistic contributions became an indispensable part of international cinema, suggesting that the challenges of emigration may also offer opportunities for critique, self-examination and artistic creativity.
Tripping over the Dead: Hungarian-Israeli Holocaust Survivor Women's Narratives of Immigration, Restoration, and Remembrance
Authors: Rosen Ilana
Published: January 2015

This essay focuses on the post-Holocaust, Israeli life of five female narrators of Hungarian origin as expressed in their inclusive life histories. A close reading of the later period in the life histories of the five women exposes how they experienced and view their post-Holocaust life as Holocaust survivors and new immigrants in a newly founded State. The women's narratives of finding housing, work, and starting new families show that despite practical hardship they look back on it all with humor, acceptance, and optimism. The women's narratives about the recurrence of Holocaust-related bad memories, nightmares, fears, and worries illustrate that the past is always present and shakes the stability of their post-Holocaust, seemingly rehabilitated lives. This instability or proneness to belated agony is even stronger for two women, who embark on journeys to their past Hungarian hometowns (accompanied by their husbands, likewise of Hungarian origin). The hometown visit narratives are compelling, bothering, and carry a nightmarish quality. Seen against the background of the five women's former Hungarian lives and identity, the narratives of emigration, remembering, and re-visiting clarify that all these experiences are shadowed by the women's Holocaust experiences. Yet, while their later lives offer them some consolation, the memory of the Nazi camps as that of the Hungarian scenes/sites of deportation to Auschwitz, are forever painful and poignant.
English-Language Bibliography of Interest for Hungarian Cultural Studies: 2011-2012
Authors: Vasvári Louise O.
Published: January 2015

None.
Rosen, Ilana. Soul of Saul: The Life, Narrative, and Proverbs of a Transylvanian-Israeli Grandfather
Authors: Held Michal
Published: January 2015

Reviewed by Michal Held
Dent, Bob. Inside Hungary From Outside
Authors: Horváth Györgyi
Published: January 2015

Reviewed by Györgyi Horváth
Adam, Christopher, Tibor Egervari, Leslie Laczko, Judy Young, Eds. The 1956 Hungarian Revolution – Hungarian & Canadian Perspectives
Authors: Ivan Emese
Published: January 2015

Reviewed by Emese Ivan
Várnai, Pál. Élet/eim [My Life/Lives]
Authors: Orosz Jozsef
Published: January 2015

Reviewed by Jozsef Orosz
Fragments of a Hungarian Past in the Literature of 1.5 and Second-Generation Austro-Hungarian Immigrants in Israel
Authors: Rosen Ilana
Published: January 2015

Contemporary Israeli literature is presently preoccupied with the past diasporic lives of the previous generation, the one that came to Israel from practically all four winds in the mid-late twentieth century. Hungarian-Israeli writers—e.g., Yoel Hoffmann, Judith Rotem, Yael Neeman and Esti G. Hayim—constitute a distinct group within this stream of 1.5 and second generation poets and novelists who have written about immigration and State foundation, often using a documentary or fictionalized memoirist mode. This article highlights the components of these writers' complex burden of a whole world destroyed, in most cases, not long before they were born and which they strive to restore or at least re-imagine in their oeuvre as contemporary Israeli writers. These components include: Holocaust trauma and its transference to the second generation, Hungarian speaking families within the Israeli multicultural setting, the ties of these families with their Hungarian foreign relatives, and household objects related to this past.
Nationalism and Hungarian Education Policy: Are the Literary Works of Cécile Tormay, József Nyirő, and Albert Wass Appropriate for the Hungarian School Curriculum?
Authors: Huszár Ágnes
Published: January 2015

Recently there have been attempts in Hungary to rehabilitate authors with nationalist, anti-Semitic, and national socialist views and integrate them into Hungarian literary canon, including the suggestion that the works of Cécile Tormay, József Nyirő, and Albert Wass become compulsory school literature. Since one of the most important goals of Hungarian literary education is to reinforce a sense of Hungarian nationalism, the focus is primarily on the authors rather than their literary works and they tend to be presented as role models to students. This paper aims to show that, given that the three authors mentioned above have publicly participated in anti-Semitic and pro-Nazi activities, it would be unethical to place them in a position where they may be lauded as role models for children. It is also argued that only a small part of the literary work of these three authors can be considered aesthetically valuable while all of them had written works containing anti-Semitic and faux-historical elements. Both the authors’ choice of topic and their literary style makes them unsuitable as compulsory school literature for children.
Politics of Memory in Andrea Tompa’s Novel "Fejtől s lábtól" [‘Head to Feet’]
Authors: Vincze Zsófia Kata
Published: January 2015

In this paper, I examine the narrative of national belonging in Andrea Tompa’s "Fejtől s lábtól" [‘Head to Feet’], a 2013 pseudo-biographical novel about two Transylvanian doctors from the 1910s. My main focus is on how micro narratives can both contradict and complement the master narratives of history that had been written within a political framework unable to process the loss of Transylvania. The life histories in Fejtől s lábtól illustrate the dynamic ethnic diversity of the Carpathian Basin and contradict the narrow Hungarian ethnic nationalist view that Transylvania is primarily or even purely Hungarian. At the same time, these biographies also provide deep insight into the personal experiences of the Hungarian historical traumas of the twentieth century, such as the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the territorial losses after World War I.
Semantic Features of Hungarian Neologisms With the Prefix Be: Analysis of Some Frequently Used Verbs (e.g., bevállal)
Authors: Sólyom Réka
Published: January 2015

The present paper deals with the semantic features of three Hungarian neologisms (becéloz, betámad, bevállal), and analyzes their semantic structures with the help of the Conceptual Integration Theory (Blending Theory). The words analyzed are verbs that have been used with the prefix be in recent years, although they are well-established with other prefix(es).  As be is one of the oldest Hungarian prefixes, it has likely gained new function(s) in these cases. To substantiate this claim, data was gathered from two questionnaires (in 2010 and in 2014), and informants’ answers concerning meaning and style were analyzed. These data can help the survey in other fields too: firstly, they can help model the processes of understanding (or misunderstanding) of these neologisms, secondly, they can help model the semantic structures of the verbs within the framework of Blending Theory. Thirdly, these data can help indicate language use at a given point in time, from a synchronic viewpoint.
Gecser, Ottó, József Laszlovszky, Balázs Nagy, Marcell Sebők, Katalin Szende, eds. 2011. Promoting the Saints – Cults and their Contexts from Late Antiquity until the Early Modern Period – Essays in Honor of Gábor Klaniczay for his 60th Birthday. Budapest: Central European University Press. 325 pp. Illus.
Authors: Kish Kathleen V.
Published: January 2015

Gecser, Ottó, József Laszlovszky, Balázs Nagy, Marcell Sebők, Katalin Szende, eds. 2011. Promoting the Saints – Cults and their Contexts from Late Antiquity until the Early Modern Period – Essays in Honor of Gábor Klaniczay for his 60th Birthday. Budapest: Central European University Press. 325 pp. Illus. Reviewed by Kathleen V. Kish, San Diego State University, California
Schwartz, Yigal. 2014. "Makhela hungarit" (A Hungarian Chorus)
Authors: Rosen Ilana
Published: January 2015

Schwartz, Yigal. 2014. Makhela hungarit (A Hungarian Chorus). Or-Yehuda: Kinneret, Zmora-Bitan, Dvir. Reviewed by Ilana Rosen, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
Neozygites species associated with aphids in Chile: current status and new reports
Authors: Montalva Cristian , Barta Marek , Rojas Eladio , Gutiérrez Mónica , Valenzuela Eduardo
Published: January 2015

Three species of Neozygites were recorded during a 2007–13 survey of the occurrence of the genus on aphids in Chile. Neozygites osornensis is known from recent studies, and N. fresenii and N. cinarae are reported as new records for Chile. Neozygites
lageniformis, which was not found during the survey, had been recorded previously in Chile. Morphological descriptions, symptoms on infected insects, host spectrum, and geographical distribution of all four species are presented, and a key to Neozygites species associated with aphids
in Chile is included. These fungi, which are important natural enemies of aphids, may be considered for future aphid pest control.
Cytospora from Salix in northern China
Authors: Fan Xin-Lei , Tian Cheng-Ming , Yang Qin , Liang Ying-Mei , You Chong-Juan , Zhang Yu-Bo
Published: January 2015

Fungal specimens from Salix causing willow Cytospora canker in northern China were evaluated through morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis. They were identified as four species — C. rostrata sp. nov., C. nivea, C. chrysosperma,
and Valsa populina. Cytospora rostrata is a new beaked species parasitizing Salix cupularis in Gansu Province, China. It is morphologically distinguished from other Cytospora species by its fruiting bodies with a single locule and a thorn-like beak. Molecular evidence
obtained from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region also suggests that C. rostrata represents a distinct lineage within Cytospora. This is the first Chinese record of C. nivea on Salix.
Uncispora hainanensis sp. nov. isolated from decayed leaves
Authors: Li Jian-Ying , Qiao Min , Peng Jie , Qian Wen Yun , Yang Guang-Zhu , Yu Ze-Fen
Published: January 2015

A new species, Uncispora hainanensis, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by narrowly obclavate or cylindrical, slightly curved at the apical cell, mostly 3-septate, subhyaline or pale brown conidia.
Validation of Arabic versions of three sleep surveys
Authors: Ahmed Anwar E.
Published: January 2015

Background: Research on sleep health is lacking in developing countries, particularly among the Sudanese population. This contributes to a number of social and safety risks such as workplace injury, daytime sleepiness, automobile accidents, and more. The current study aims to validate three Arabic questionnaires related to sleep health, namely the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Methods: A random sample of 83 Sudanese participants was surveyed for the purpose of testing the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the ESS, ISI, and RLS. The present study used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of item scores to examine a potential single-factor structure of the ESS, ISI, and RLS. Reliability and validity of the instruments were assessed by internal consistency and construct validity, respectively. Results: The internal consistency within the ESS, ISI, and RLS subscales was high, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.84, 0.87, and 0.94, respectively. EFA results showed the RLS and ISI scales were dominated by a single-factor structure that explained at least 84.2% and 65.70% respectively of the total variance. The ESS required a two-factor solution that explained 64.5% of the total variance, so the single-factor structure does not appear to be a good measure of the Arabic version of the ESS. Conclusion: The Arabic versions of the ESS, ISI, and RLS are valid and reliable tools. The RLS and ISI seem to have better psychometric properties than the ESS.
Posibilidades en el aire: las azoteas urbanas y su papel en el Metabolismo de Barcelona. Entrevista a Vicente Guallart, Arquitecto Jefe del Ayuntamiento de Barcelona.
Authors: Prats Güerre Eva , Guallart Vicente
Published: January 2015

Barcelona es una ciudad de azoteas, la mayoría de ellas, vacías. Tanto en su casco antiguo como en el Ensanche, las azoteas ofrecen un lugar que poco tiene que ver con lo que ocurre bajo suyo, en las viviendas y más lejos, en la calle.Las cualidades de luz y de topografía son otras, los ruidos de la ciudad también, los límites de la propiedad privada no están tan claramente definida; el horizonte que ves te sorprende.El interés por las azoteas me llevó a explorar sus posibilidades en el proyecto Final de Carrera presentado en la ETSAB, en 1992. Hacía de las azoteas de una manzana del ensanche un jardín donde estudiantes de jardinería hacían sus prácticas mientras cuidaban de la vegetación y los vecinos de la manzana subían a pasear. Lo fundamental de esta propuesta era el tratamiento de toda la manzana como unidad urbana, consciente de la dificultad de gestión que esto implica.Hasta el momento ha habido muchos intentos más o menos conseguidos de rescatar estos lugares, pero no ha habido aún una intervención con la escala suficiente para que podamos considerarla como una aportación a nivel urbano. Hemos conocido que desde el Ayuntamiento se está ahora estudiando el papel que pueden tener las azoteas respecto al resto de la ciudad y hemos hablado con Vicente Guallart, Arquitecto Jefe del Ayuntamiento de Barcelona al respecto.Uno de los objetivos que se ha propuesto Vicente Guallart es la simbiosis de la ciudad actual con su entorno natural, la Re-naturalización de la ciudad.  Empezó con el concurso de ideas de las "Puertas de Collserola", con un enunciado muy atractivo y ambicioso que movilizó una gran participación de equipos multidisciplinares, y continúa ahora con el estudio de otras transformaciones urbanas que quedarán recogidas en un Plan que presentará el Ayuntamiento este próximo otoño.

Barcelona is a city full of flat rooftops, most of them empty, that provide spaces that have little to do with what goes on beneath them, inside the houses and in the streets.

Thus far, some more-or-less successful attempts have been made to recover these places, but there has not been an intervention at such a scale that it can be considered a real contribution at an urban level. We have learnt that the role these rooftop terraces may play in relation to the rest of the city is being currently studied at the city council, and we have talked with Vicente Guallart, Chief Architect of the Barcelona City Council, in this regard.
Arquitectura: metafísica, prospectiva tecnològica o preocupació social?
Authors: Puig Arnau
Published: January 2015

Aquestes meves no són reflexions crítiques, atès que cal reconèixer que modularment existencialment s’ha arribat a establir uns estàndards de vivenda acceptables; però tampoc s’ha d’amagar que l’arquitectura modernitat ha servit també per crear ciutadans adaptats a les precises dependències de la productivitat. Tot, obvi també, dins d’uns mòduls que fan més o menys viable ordenar la vida de la gent de manera que no s‘hagin de sentir excessivament, cal reconèixer-ho, dins de la severa manera d’un Fahrenheit 451 de ciència ficció. Tots reconeixem tanmateix què el projecte vital hauria de ser quelcom absolutament individualitzat: viure hauria de consistir en poder executar el propi poema. Els passos endavant que ens proposem donar, crec, és per facilitar-ne la realització.Si l’arquitectura és una gramàtica; el que escau al nou concepte del construir i habitar és crear més i més possibilitats tècniques i formals que permetin que cadascú els disposi – la sintaxi – a la seva manera. La vida, repetim-ho, és una qüestió de dicció personal que cerca realitzar-se. Oh ironia!, un ideal de la conservadora caseta i hortet (que també ho volien els arquitectes racionalistes)Ser arquitecte conscient és arribar a fer formalment possibles uns projectes vitals. Que l’arquitectura és també una qüestió social?, tots ho acceptem; el que no pot ser l’arquitectura és una qüestió d’empresa i, molt menys, una qüestió metafísica.  

If architecture is a grammar, the new concept of building and living needs to create more technical and formal possibilities that allow everyone to use it -sintaxis- on his own way. Life is a matter of personal diction seeking to be performed. Oh irony!, a conservative ideal of house and garden (also wanted by rationalist architects).

Being a conscious architect means to manage to make formally possible vital projects. Architecture is also a social question? We all accept it. What may not be architecture is a matter of business, and much less a metaphysical question.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca del Pallars Sobirà: des de Caregue alCcoll de Portella, al Estanys de Mairena, al Coll d´Eixol i a Superespot
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: January 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 26 d'octubre de 2013. En aquesta ocasió, la totalitat del recorregut de l´itinerari discorrerà íntegrament pel Sistema Pirinenc. Això si, discorrerà sempre el seu recorregut per la Zona Axial Pirinenca (en concret per la denominada Unitat dels Apilaments de la Zona Axial).Així, tots els materials que anirem trobant en aquest recorregut seran paleozoics, fonamentalment de l´Ordovicià. Tot i això, molt sovint aquests materials els trobarem recoberts per sediments del Pleistocè i de l´Holocè, que molt sovint corresponen als sediments detrítics d´origen glacial: és a dir a les morrenes. També corresponen als sediments fluvials de la Noguera Pallaresa i dels seus diferents afluents.Per altra banda, el recorregut de l´itinerari discorrerà íntegrament per una sola comarca, concretament per la del Pallars Sobirà, de la Regió de Tremp (o de Tremp-Seu d´Urgell). Al mateix temps, part del recorregut transitarà pel Parc Nacional d´Aigües Tortes, especialment pels voltants del Mairena i de Superespot.
Recorregut de recerca geològica per la comarca de la Segarra: des de Cervera a Sant Pere dels Arquells i Rubinat; i des de les Oluges a Sant Ramon
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: January 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 27 d'octubre de 2013. En aquesta ocasió, es realitzarà un recorregut geològic a través de diferents indrets de la Depressió Geològica de L´Ebre; i més concretament pels sectors corresponents a la seva Depressió Central. Així, tot el recorregut transitarà entre afloraments dels materials terciaris (de l´Eocè i de l´Oligocè) i quaternaris que reblen aquesta depressió.Així, al llarg de tot el recorregut de l´itinerari es transitarà per la comarca de la Segarra, des del principi fins a la fi.
AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY AND POLLUTION CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR AN ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREA IN THE NORTH SEA
Authors: Wilkinson T. G. , McEwan R.
Published: January 2015

The hub of the Moray Firth is a large sheltered estuary of intertidal mud flats. This estuary is surrounded on both sides by some 100 kilometers (km) of exposed cliffs and beaches. Ecological surveys have been conducted, in-house operations have responded to the study, and a pollution emergency response plan has been developed for the proposed 1983 exploration programme.

The mud flats and salt marsh habitats in the inner estuary are of wide ecological value and are, for example, the most important sites in the U.K. for overwintering seaduck populations. They are particularly sensitive from October to February. The exposed coast is, on the other hand, particularly sensitive from February to October because of seabirds breeding (e.g., auks), inshore lobster and crab fishing and inshore salmon netting.

Such a sensitive area calls for specific pre-planning and operational controls. SLIKTRAK model predictions have shown that there is statistically a good chance of polluting the exposed coast line from the proposed drilling location, whereas the chance of hitting the inner estuary is shown to be very low. Drilling and sensitive workover operations have, therefore, been scheduled to take place over winter when the effect of an oil spill which could hit the exposed coasts would be very much less. Operational practices also have been critically reviewed.

A tailored contingency plan has been developed. This will include an at-sea cleanup capability consisting of dispersant spraying equipment and a boom pick-up system for dealing with operational diesel spills. During a spill, pre-tested tracker buoys will be used to monitor the exact position of the spill, and a pre-tested computer model will be used to predict where the spill is going to ensure preparedness on shore. A monitoring programme is being developed for both the shoreline (for oil spills) and the local marine environment (for chronic pollution). Only limited treatment is possible onshore, such as by booming harbours or by selective dispersant application. Liaison with industry, local authorities, and communities is part of the plan.
TESTING OF A PROTOTYPE WASTE OIL FLARING SYSTEM1
Authors: Beach Robert L. , Lewis William T.
Published: January 2015

This paper describes a prototype flaring burner system developed for the U. S. Coast Guard. The system is capable of flaring 180 gallons per minute (gpm) of light oil or 90 gpm of oil with a viscosity of up to 1,600 centistokes (cs). Smokeless burning can be achieved in certain cases. The system is designed to be portable. The entire system can be broken down into modules and transported in a C-130 aircraft, and each module is light enough to be carried to a remote spill site by a Coast Guard helicopter. The system is self-erecting and capable of operating safely in hazardous environments and in cold weather conditions. The performance test program conducted on the completed prototype system also is described. These tests were successful, with the conclusion that the prototype could be used for operational flaring at this time.