bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Resource Management Practices in the Hotel Industry in Sri Lanka
Authors: Shamil MMM , Samarakoon SMAK
Published: February 2014

Human Resource Management as a discipline has been in existence for decades. However researchers have continued investigating various HRM practices and whether these practices are influenced by various demographic factors pertaining to industries and organizations. Researchers of this study are in pursuit of identifying HRM practices in the hotel industry in Sri Lanka in relation to demographic factors such as ownership of hotel and type of hotels. For the purpose of this study, ownership is defined as whether the hotel is owned by a foreign investor or domestic investor. Type of hotel is defined as whether the hotel belongs to a hotel chain or an independent hotel. The set of HRM practices of hotels was identified using the list of HRM practices prepared by Hoque for his research on HRM practices and performance of hotel in UK. Hoque’s list of HRM practices covers eight areas of HRM practices and each area comprises of several HRM practices belonging to that particular area of HRM. Seventy six hotels responded to the questionnaire belonging to six tourist destinations in Sri Lanka. Overall there are 25 HRM practices in the list. Based on finding, it was concluded that there is a significant relationship between the type of hotel and HRM practices.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/kjm.v2i2.6552 Kelaniya Journal of Management Vol.2(2) 2013:88-98
Contemporary prophetic preaching theory in the United States of America and South Africa: A comparative study through the lens of shared Reformation roots
Authors: Tubbs Tisdale Leonora , De Wet Friedrich W.
Published: February 2014

In this article two homileticians – one from the United States of America (USA) and one from South Africa (SA) − enter into a dialog regarding how the task of prophetic preaching today might be revived, reframed and redefined in light of the Reformation principle of the viva vox Evangelii [living voice of the gospel]. Each author begins by summarising four contemporary approaches to prophetic preaching set forth by Reformed and Lutheran homiletical scholars in their respective contexts. Then each addresses the questions: Where do I particularly see Reformation themes and emphases at work in the work of these homileticians? And how might those Reformation emphases continue to challenge and reframe preaching practices today? Finally, each gives initial eflections on how a comparison between the perspectives deeens and expands his or her nderstanding of prophetic preaching and its role in church and society.
Prescribed dose versus calculated dose of spinal cord in standard head and neck irradiation assessed by 3-D plan
Authors: Majumder Dipanjan , Patra Niladri Bihari , Chatterjee Debashis , Mallick Swapan Kumar , Patra Niladri Bihari , Kabasi Apurba Kumar , Majumder Anjali
Published: February 2014

Background and Purpose: Spinal cord toxicity can be dreaded complication while treating head and neck cancer by conventional radiotherapy. Cord sparing approach is applied by two phase planning in conventional head neck radiotherapy. In spite of cord sparing approach spinal cord still receives considerable scatter dose. Our study aims to do the volumetric analysis of spinal cord dosimetry and to correlate with the clinical findings. Materials and Methods: Treatment planning was done in two phases. First phase treatment fi elds include gross disease- both tumor and involved nodes. in the second phase, treatment field shrinkage was done to cover the gross disease sparing the spinal cord. These fields are termed as off-cord fields. 42 patients with histological proven squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region were analysed with two groups. In Group A, 46 Gy was given in 23 fractions, and then tumor-boost with off-cord fi eld received 24 Gy in 12 fractions. In Group B 50 Gy was prescribed in 25 fractions initially, then off-cord fi eld given 20 Gy in 10 fractions to analyze theoutcome. Planning Computed tomography (CT) scan was done Philips Brilliance 16 slice CT scan machine, and contouring and dose calculation were done at ASHA treatment planning software. Results: Maximum dose and dose at 1 cm3, 2 cm3, and 5 cm3 were calculated. Maximum dose to cord was 52.6 Gy (range 48.1-49.7 Gy) in Group A and 54.3 Gy (range 51.48-52.33 Gy) in Group B initially. Off-cord fi elds received mean dose 8.07 Gy (85.85% of maximum) in Group A and 5.47 Gy (86.84% of maximum) in Group B. At the end of 6 months from the last date of radiotherapy, grade 1 spinal cord toxicity found in two patients in Group A and one patient in Group B respectively (P = 0.55). Both groups received additional dose, which are higher than the prescribed dose, but no patients show significant spinal cord toxicity after 6 month of follow-up. Conclusion: Spinal cord received scatter dose which much higher than the predicted dose in conventional radiotherapy of head neck cancer. Short term follow up failed to establish clinical correlation with volumetric dose of spinal cord. Two phase cord sparing head neck radiation planning if practiced should be used with caution.
p53 and bcl2 expression in malignant and premalignant lesions of uterine cervix and their correlation with human papilloma virus 16 and 18
Authors: Shukla Shailaja , Dass Jasmita , Pujani Mukta
Published: February 2014

Background and Objective: Persistent high risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is probably the best predictor of increased risk of cervical cancer, but expression of certain markers of cell proliferation and apoptosis have been studied. The present study was conducted to evaluate the expression of p53 and bcl2 in premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix and its correlation with HPV type 16 and 18. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 35 cases (including 24 prospective cases and 11 retrospective cases) of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix. Slides were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and p53, bcl2 (immunohistochemistry), HPV 16 and HPV 18 (in situ hybridization). Results: p53 positivity was seen in 8/19 (42.1%) cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 8/16 (50%) cases of carcinoma cervix, the difference not significant statistically. The difference in bcl2 expression in CIN versus carcinoma cervix (84.21% vs. 43.75%) was statistically significant (P = 0.030). There was no significant difference between p53 and bcl2 expression and the stage and grade of the tumors. Seven out of 19 cases of CIN (36.84%) were positive for HPV 16/18 infection and 8/16 cases (50%) of carcinoma cervix were HPV positive (P = 0.628). Conclusions : No significant association was found between HPV 16/18 infection and p53 and bcl2 expression in premalignant and malignant lesions of uterine cervix. Although, bcl2 staining showed a significant difference between CIN and carcinoma cervix, a larger case series is required to assess the association between HPV infection and overexpression of p53 and bcl2 proteins in these lesions.
Potential Benefits of Icosapent Ethyl on the Lipid Profile: Case Studies
Authors: Hilleman Daniel E. , Malesker Mark A.
Published: February 2014

The cardiovascular benefits of marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids are supported by epidemiologic and clinical studies. Both healthy patients and those with confirmed coronary heart disease are advised by the American Heart Association to consume omega-3 fatty acids either through dietary fatty fish or fish oil products. We present two case reports of patients with dyslipidemia who were switched from an omega-3 dietary supplement or a prescription omega-3 drug containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to a new prescription EPA-only drug, icosapent ethyl (IPE). Products containing a combination of EPA and DHA, including dietary supplements and prescription products, are more likely to increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels compared with pure EPA-only products. The lipid profiles of these two patients were improved with IPE treatment, illustrating the potentially favorable effects of IPE compared with other products containing both EPA and DHA.
Effectiveness of Spinosad against Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.) Eggs and Larvae on Cabbage under Botswana Conditions
Authors: Legwaila Mitch M. , Munthali David C. , Obopile Motshwari , Kwerepe Baone C.
Published: February 2014

The efficacy of spinosad against the diamondback moth (DBM) on cabbage was studied at Botswana College of Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana in 2011. Using five concentrations of spinosad: 0.12, 0.36, 0.60, 0.84 and 1.08 g/L, bioassays were conducted against DBM eggs and second instar larvae at 30°C ± 5°C. Each treatment was replicated three times. Probit analysis was used to determine LD50 and LD90 values for the treatments against eggs and larvae. When the treatments were assessed at 72 and 96 hours, LD90 values against larvae were 0.74 and 0.59 g/L, whereas they were 0.35 and 0.32 g/L against eggs. This indicated that spinosad was more effective against eggs than against larvae. The slopes of the probit lines for larvae assessed at 48, 72 and 96 hours after application were 3.519, 3.810 and 3.427, while those against eggs were 1.725, 1.316 and 1.086. This indicates that there was a more rapid change in larval mortality with increase in pesticide dosage than in egg mortality. The study shows that spinosad can achieve effective control of DBM eggs and larvae under Botswana conditions.
Identification of Brassica genotypes and molecular markers for increased seed oil content
Authors: Javed Nasir , Tahir Muhammad , Geng Jianfeng , Li Genyi , McVetty Peter B. E.
Published: February 2014

Javed, N., Tahir, M., Geng, J., Li, G. and McVetty, P. B. E. 2014. Identification of Brassica genotypes and molecular markers for increased seed oil content. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1103–1108. Carbon dioxide emissions by the transportation sector are major contributors to global climate change. Lower CO2 emissions by the transportation sector are linked to the use of renewable fuels including biodiesel. Canola has high seed oil content, adaptation to temperate climates and favorable fatty acid composition, which make it a preferred feedstock for biodiesel production. Doubled haploid (DH) line, random inbred (RI) line and consensus genetics maps for mapping populations derived from Polo × Topas were developed. The DH line-based genetic map was then used for the identification and tagging of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling seed oil biosynthesis. This genetic map consisted of 620 loci identified using several different types of molecular markers, and covered a map distance of 2241.1 cM with marker saturation of 3.7 cM. The phenotypic data on the mapping population for seed oil content and component fatty acids were collected from four-environment replicated field trials. One hundred and thirty-one QTL for various fatty acids in canola oil and 14 QTL for oil content were identified. These QTL, combined with marker-assisted selection, may assist breeders in their attempts to develop canola lines with improved oil quality, oil content and oil production per hectare for biodiesel production.
Potassium and nitrogen poising: Physiological changes and biomass gains in rice and barley
Authors: Britto D. T. , Balkos K. D. , Becker A. , Coskun D. , Huynh W. Q. , Kronzucker H. J.
Published: February 2014

Britto, D. T., Balkos, K. D., Becker, A., Coskun, D., Huynh, W. Q. and Kronzucker, H. J. 2014. Potassium and nitrogen poising: Physiological changes and biomass gains in rice and barley. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1085–1089. Soil nitrogen, potassium, and water are three of the most important factors influencing, often interdependently, the growth of plants. Maximizing plant growth is not simply a matter of maximizing the availability of these and other nutrients; indeed, excess supply can be deleterious to plant performance. Rather, optimal performance may come about by adjusting the supply of each of the disparate factors required for plant growth, not only individually, but in relation to one another. In our work investigating the nutritional maximization of plant growth, we have found that altering the ratios of N and K provided to seedlings of cereal grasses can result in very substantial increases in vegetative biomass accrual, e.g., >220% of low-K+controls, in short-term studies with rice, the world's most important cereal grain, and even greater gains in grain yield, in the longer term. Hence, the findings in our laboratory are of direct relevance to the aim of NSERC's Green Crop Network, which was to contribute to the amelioration of climate change by improvement of carbon capture and sequestration in crop plants. In addition, these findings may help to increase the world's food supply, the security of which is sometimes at odds with proposed means to thwart climate change. Our work in this area has also led to a potential breakthrough of a more fundamental sort in plant nutritional biology, which may in itself have important practical implications: evidence that aquaporin-type transport proteins conduct rapid NH3fluxes into roots at toxic levels of external ammonia/ammonium.
Effects of seed treatments and inoculum density of Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani on seedling blight and root rot of faba bean
Authors: Chang K. F. , Conner R. L. , Hwang S. F. , Ahmed H. U. , McLaren D. L. , Gossen B. D. , Turnbull G. D.
Published: February 2014

Chang, K. F., Conner, R. L., Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., McLaren, D. L., Gossen, B. D. and Turnbull, G. D. 2014. Effects of seed treatments and inoculum density of Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani on seedling blight and root rot of faba bean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 693–700. Production of faba bean cultivars with tannin-free seed on the Canadian prairies has potential for use in human food and as a feedstock for livestock and aquaculture. However, root rot is a major constraint to production. The effects of fungicide seed treatments on root rot caused by Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani, and the effect of inoculum density on seedling emergence, nodulation, root rot severity and yield of faba bean were examined across 12 station years from 2009 to 2011 at sites in Manitoba and Alberta. Fusarium avenaceum reduced seedling emergence more than R.solani, but both pathogens had a similar impact on seed yield. The effects of inoculum density and seed treatment were generally significant for seedling emergence, root rot severity and seed yield for both pathogens. The interaction effects of inoculum density×seed treatment for F.avenaceum and R.solani were only significant for seed yield and seedling emergence. Seedling emergence and seed yield declined with increasing inoculum level for both F. avenaceum and R.solani. Fungicidal seed treatments with Apron Maxx (fludioxonil+metalaxyl) and Vitaflo 280 (carbathiin+thiram) consistently improved emergence and seed yield in trials inoculated with F.avenaceum or R.solani. This study demonstrated that seed treatment to manage root rot of faba bean is warranted.
Current Trends in Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Continuing Medical Education
Authors: Zalud Ivica , Wong Shelby , Aeby Tod C
Published: February 2014

Continuing medical education (CME), by definition, should contribute to the professional growth and development of the participating healthcare providers. The purpose of this review is to put CME in a historical perspective and discuss its role in contemporary ultrasound practice in the USA. Ultrasound is continuously enhancing and improving the practice of obstetrics and gynecology. As ultrasound technology becomes more sophisticated, medical training must evolve and CME should play an important role in keeping the practitioner current. The medical educators’ responsibility is to ensure that new technology is used properly to improve and maintain the health of patients. Applying contemporary educational techniques and adhering to established adult-learning principles will lead to effective and efficient learning environments, thus contributing to improved patient care.

How to cite this article

Aeby TC, Wong S, Zalud I. Current Trends in Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Continuing Medical Education. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):60-64.
Development of a Competency-based Training in Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound for Undergraduate and Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Ho Hoi , Sarmiento Jorge , Baatar Dolgor , Peinado Jesus
Published: February 2014

Advances in technology have made ultrasonography a rapidly evolving concept in the practice of medicine and a valuable component of the competency-based education. American Medical Association (AMA) recently affirms that ‘ultrasound imaging is a safe, effective and efficient tool when utilized by, or under the direction of appropriately trained physicians.’ AMA also supports the educational efforts and widespread integration of ultrasound throughout the continuum of medical education.

Training in ultrasonography is rapidly expanding to numerous residency programs of graduate medical education but discrepancies in ultrasound curriculum and criteria for proficiency exist among programs within the same discipline, despite clearly defined objectives recommended by the governing bodies. There is a trend to integrate ultrasonography into the curriculum of undergraduate medical education. However, funding, availability of ultrasound-trained faculty and student time are barriers to the implementation. Ultrasonography is a natural fit for competency-based training and should be introduced early in medical education. We expect that the LCME will soon mandate the integration of ultrasound into the 4-year curriculum.

The imminent question that medical educators ask is not when ultrasound will become a required component of the curriculum but how to effectively integrate the teaching and training of ultrasound into the continuum of medical education.

How to cite this article

Baatar D, Peinado J, Sarmiento J, Ho H. Development of a Competency-based Training in Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound for Undergraduate and Graduate Medical Education. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):83-86.
Empowering Your Presentation Skills
Authors: Ho Hoi , Cardwell Michael S , Aranda J Hector , Hernandez Rene
Published: February 2014

As technology continues evolving, ultrasonography has become increasingly the imaging modality of choice in many different clinical settings including hospital, clinic and point of care. Similarly, the expansion of internet has revolutionized the medical curriculum and training of the entire medical education continuum: undergraduate medical education, graduate medical education and continuing medical education. More importantly, technology and internet have transformed the traditional teacher-dependent classroom-based teaching into the learneroriented web-based learning. To empower the presentation, whether classroom-based or web-based, it's essential that faculty members apply principles of adult learning throughout the session. Newer version of PowerPoint (PPT) is powerful and user-friendly. However, faculty members should be familiar with fundamental guidelines for appropriate selection of fonts, character sizes, background colors, charts, graphs, animation and multimedia.

In general, PowerPoint presentations prepared on Windowsbased computers can be run on Mac computers; however, presenters should be aware of compatibility issues across platform such as fonts or multimedia formats. Faculty can also easily turn the PowerPoint presentation into a powerful and interactive teaching tool of ultrasonography for unlimited number of learners by following simple guidelines of using PowerPoint and having minimum resources and technical support for software of voice over presentation, such as Camtasia or Captivate.

How to cite this article

Cardwell MS, Aranda JH, Hernandez R, Ho H. Empowering Your Presentation Skills. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):100-104.
Héctor Brioso y Alexandra Chereches, eds., «Callando pasan los ligeros años...»: El Lope de Vega joven y el teatro antes de 1609
Authors: Presotto Marco
Published: February 2014

Reseña de Héctor Brioso y Alexandra Chereches, eds., «Callando pasan los ligeros años...»: El Lope de Vega joven y el teatro antes de 1609, Liceus (Literatura Española, Papeles de Teatro, 1), Madrid, 2012, 220 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9714-033-1.
La edición crítica digital de textos teatrales. La Estrella de Sevilla como ejemplo
Authors: García Nàdia Revenga
Published: February 2014

Este artículo da cuenta del proceso que se está llevando a cabo para la creación de una edición crítica digital multilingüe y multimedia del texto áureo La Estrella de Sevilla. Partiendo de una reflexión sobre qué es una edición crítica digital, se pasa por el análisis de diversos proyectos de edición de textos teatrales hasta llegar a cuestiones prácticas sobre el marcado de los textos que forman esta edición.
La batalla del romancero: Lope de Vega, los romances moriscos y La villana de Getafe
Authors: Jiménez Antonio Sánchez
Published: February 2014

Este trabajo estudia hasta qué punto se implicó Lope de Vega en las polémicas sobre el romancero morisco, y evalúa las posibles connotaciones políticas que han propuesto críticos como María Soledad Carrasco Urgoiti, Francisco Márquez Villanueva y Barbara Fuchs. Centrándonos en un corpus de romances satíricos y una comedia (La villana de Getafe), rechazamos la lectura política de estos textos para proponer una basada en los intereses literarios del autor.
Joan Oleza, L’architettura dei generi nella Comedia Nueva di Lope de Vega y From Ancient to Modern Classical: Lope de Vega and the New Challenges of Spanish Theatre
Authors: Antonucci Fausta
Published: February 2014

Reseñas Joan Oleza, L’architettura dei generi nella Comedia Nueva di Lope de Vega, ed. M. Presotto, Panozzo, Rimini, 2012 (e-book), 135 pp. ISBN: 978-88-7472-189-4 y de Joan Oleza, From Ancient Classical to Modern Classical: Lope de Vega and the New Challenges of Spanish Theatre, Idea-IGAS, Nueva York, 2012, 159 pp. ISBN: 978-1-938795-89-3.
Duncan Wheeler, Golden Age Drama in Contemporary Spain. The Comedia on Page, Stage and Screen
Authors: Carmona Alba
Published: February 2014

Reseña de Duncan Wheeler, Golden Age Drama in Contemporary Spain. The Comedia on Page, Stage and Screen, University of Wales Press, Cardiff, 2012, 295 pp. ISBN: 978-0-7083-2474-5.
Domenico Fiormonte, ed., con la colaboración de B. Ruggeri, Canoni liquidi. Variazione culturale e stabilità testuale dalla Bibbia a Internet
Authors: Lluch-Prats Javier
Published: February 2014

Reseña de Domenico Fiormonte, ed., con la colaboración de B. Ruggeri, Canoni liquidi. Variazione culturale e stabilità testuale dalla Bibbia a Internet, ScriptaWeb, Nápoles, 2011, 202 pp. ISBN: 978-88-6381-180-3.
Multidecadal global cooling and unprecedented ozone loss following a regional nuclear conflict
Authors: Mills Michael J. , Toon Owen B. , Lee‐Taylor Julia , Robock Alan
Published: February 2014

We present the first study of the global impacts of a regional nuclear war with an Earth system model including atmospheric chemistry, ocean dynamics, and interactive sea ice and land components. A limited, regional nuclear war between India and Pakistan in which each side detonates 50 15 kt weapons could produce about 5 Tg of black carbon (BC). This would self‐loft to the stratosphere, where it would spread globally, producing a sudden drop in surface temperatures and intense heating of the stratosphere. Using the Community Earth System Model with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, we calculate an e‐folding time of 8.7 years for stratospheric BC compared to 4–6.5 years for previous studies. Our calculations show that global ozone losses of 20%–50% over populated areas, levels unprecedented in human history, would accompany the coldest average surface temperatures in the last 1000 years. We calculate summer enhancements in UV indices of 30%–80% over midlatitudes, suggesting widespread damage to human health, agriculture, and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Killing frosts would reduce growing seasons by 10–40 days per year for 5 years. Surface temperatures would be reduced for more than 25 years due to thermal inertia and albedo effects in the ocean and expanded sea ice. The combined cooling and enhanced UV would put significant pressures on global food supplies and could trigger a global nuclear famine. Knowledge of the impacts of 100 small nuclear weapons should motivate the elimination of more than 17,000 nuclear weapons that exist today.
Synthesis and Switching the Aromatic Character of Oxatriphyrins(2.1.1)
Authors: Pawlicki Miłosz , Hurej Karolina , Szterenberg Ludmiła , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław
Published: February 2014

Triangularly shaped, contracted porphyrinoids belong to a group of molecules where the geometry significantly modifies the observed electronic properties. The need for a controllable, effective, and widely applicable approach to triphyrins drives extensive research towards macrocyclic materials that act as potential controlling motifs by switching their aromaticity. Two isomeric thiophene‐fused triphyrins(2.1.1) were synthesized by applying an innovative approach. Spectroscopic techniques (NMR, UV/Vis) show that both macrocycles are aromatic and quantitatively convert into anti‐aromatic structures after reduction with a zinc amalgam. The reduced forms were stabilized through boron(III) coordination, thereby allowing the observation of anti‐aromatic 16 π delocalization within a contracted porphyrin.
Inhibition of Heme Uptake in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by its Hemophore (HasAp) Bound to Synthetic Metal Complexes
Authors: Shirataki Chikako , Shoji Osami , Terada Mitsuyoshi , Ozaki Shin‐ichi , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Shiro Yoshitsugu , Watanabe Yoshihito
Published: February 2014

The heme acquisition system A protein secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (HasAp) can capture several synthetic metal complexes other than heme. The crystal structures of HasAp harboring synthetic metal complexes revealed only small perturbation of the overall HasAp structure. An inhibitory effect upon heme acquisition by HasAp bearing synthetic metal complexes was examined by monitoring the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. HasAp bound to iron–phthalocyanine inhibits heme acquisition in the presence of heme‐bound HasAp as an iron source.
ChemInform Abstract: On Tetrafluorobromates(III): Crystal Structures of the Dibromate CsBr2F7 and the Monobromate CsBrF4.
Authors: Ivlev Sergey , Woidy Patrick , Sobolev Vasily , Gerin Ivan , Ostvald Roman , Kraus Florian
Published: February 2014

CsBrF4 (I) and CsBr2F7 (II) are prepared by the reaction of stoichiometric amounts of CsF and BrF3 (previously published method).
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Dimensional Mercury Pnictide [Hg4Z2]2+ Cationic Frameworks Stabilized by Tetravalent Metal Halide Anions in Supramolecular Complexes: [Hg4Z2][MCl6] (Z: P, As; M: Zr, Hf).
Authors: Li Xiao‐Guo , Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Ming‐Jian , Liu Bin‐Wen , Fan Yu‐Hang , Guo Guo‐Cong , Huang Jin‐Shun
Published: February 2014

The four new compounds (V) and (VIII) crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with Z = 8 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: New Layered‐Type Quaternary Chalcogenides, Tl2PbMQ4 (M: Zr, Hf; Q: S, Se): Structure, Electronic Structure, and Electrical Transport Properties.
Authors: Sankar Cheriyedath Raj , Assoud Abdeljalil , Kleinke Holger
Published: February 2014

The new title compounds are synthesized by solid state reaction of the elements (vacuum sealed quartz tubes, 1073 K, 100 h) and characterized by single crystal XRD, UV/VIS/near‐IR spectroscopy, electrical conductivity measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structural Characterization of an Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Sandwich‐Type Tungstoantimonate [Cu(en)2(H2O)]4 [Cu(en)2(H2O)2] [Cu2Na4 (α‐SbW9O33)2]·6H2O.
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Cao Jing , Wang Yujie , Li Yanzhou , Zhao Junwei , Chen Lijuan , Ma Pengtao , Niu Jingyang
Published: February 2014

The title compound is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of Sb2O3, Na2WO4, CuCl2, and en (autoclave, 160 °C, 6 d; 30% yield based on Sb2O3).
ChemInform Abstract: A 3D Keggin‐Based Framework Containing AgI‐Ribbons and Cycles by Using Rigid Tetrazole‐Based Ligand.
Authors: Tian Aixiang , Lin Xiaoling , Sun Na , Ying Jun , Zhang Juwen , Li Na , Wang Xiuli
Published: February 2014

The new compound [Ag9(ptz)5] [PMoVI11MoVO40] ·H2O (ptzH: 5‐phenyl‐1H‐tetrazole) is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of H3PMo12O40, AgNO3, ptzH, and H2O (autoclave, 170 °C, 3 d, 54% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Ring‐Opening of meso‐Epoxides by Aromatic Amines Catalyzed by a Homochiral Metal—Organic Framework.
Authors: Regati Sridhar , He Yabing , Thimmaiah Muralidhara , Li Peng , Xiang Shengchang , Chen Banglin , Zhao John Cong‐Gui
Published: February 2014

A novel chiral metal—organic framework (MOF) is prepared and tested as a catalyst for the enantioselective ring‐opening of meso‐epoxides (I) and (IV) with anilines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Trifluoromethylthiolation of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Alazet Sebastien , Zimmer Luc , Billard Thierry
Published: February 2014

The use of trifluoromethanesulfenamide as stable and readily accessible reagent allow the direct trifluoromethylthiolation of terminal alkynes with good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Et3B‐Mediated Radical‐Polar Crossover Reaction for Single‐Step Coupling of O, Te‐Acetal, α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones, and Aldehydes/Ketones.
Authors: Kamimura Daigo , Urabe Daisuke , Nagatomo Masanori , Inoue Masayuki
Published: February 2014

The mixed O,Te‐acetal (I) derived from 2,4,10‐trioxaadamantane reacts with cyclic α,β‐unsaturated ketones (II) under Et3B/O2‐mediated radical conditions to form the β‐adducts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Heck Reaction of Aliphatic Olefins and Aryl Halides.
Authors: Qin Liena , Hirao Hajime , Zhou Jianrong
Published: February 2014

A regioselective Heck reaction of aliphatic olefins and aryl halides is realized leading to C—C coupling at the internal carbon atom of the olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Fluorination of Diaryliodonium Salts with KF.
Authors: Ichiishi Naoko , Canty Allan J. , Yates Brian F. , Sanford Melanie S.
Published: February 2014

Unsymmetrical diaryliodonium tetrafluoroborates having an aryl and a mesityl substituent react with KF in the presence of Cu(II)‐catalysts to give preferentially the corresponding aryl fluorides and only minor amounts of mesityl fluoride.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoparticle Catalyzed Reaction (NPCR): ZnO‐NP Catalyzed Ugi‐Reaction in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Kumar Atul , Saxena Deepti , Gupta Maneesh Kumar
Published: February 2014

The ecofriendly procedures can be regarded as new methods for the preparation of pharmaceutically relevant phenylacetimidamides (IV), phenylacetamides (V) and α‐amino acid derivatives (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Direct Conversion of Methyl Arenes into Aromatic Nitriles.
Authors: Shu Zhibin , Ye Yuxan , Deng Yifan , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: February 2014

A new method for the direct synthesis of aromatic nitriles from the corresponding methyl arenes is presented using tert‐butyl nitrite as the nitrogen source and oxidant in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 and N‐hydroxyphthalimide catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Solar Photochemistry: Optimization of the Photo Friedel—Crafts Acylation of Naphthoquinones.
Authors: Mitchell Lorna J. , Lewis William , Moody Christopher J.
Published: February 2014

The method shows significant improvement compared to the previously reported as it uses a more reliable “sun‐mimicking” light source, less toxic solvent, and proceeds faster.
ChemInform Abstract: exo‐Selective Construction of spiro‐[Butyrolactone‐pyrrolidine] via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with α‐Methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone Catalyzed by Cu(I)/DTBM‐BIPHEP.
Authors: Li Qing‐Hua , Liu Tang‐Lin , Wei Liang , Zhou Xiang , Tao Hai‐Yan , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: February 2014

An expedient access to almost enantiopure spiro compounds (III) and (V) via an unprecedented Cu‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Activities of Some New Antipyrine‐Based Heterocycles.
Authors: Riyadh Sayed M. , Kheder Nabila A. , Asiry Ahlam M.
Published: February 2014

A series of title compounds of type (III), (IV), (VI), (VIII), or (X) are prepared and tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Novel Precursors of Oxazolidinone Analogues of Chloroquinoline for their Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Potential.
Authors: Devi Kavita , Asmat Yumna , Agrawal Meenakshi , Sharma Swapnil , Dwivedi Jaya
Published: February 2014

Novel oxazolidinone analogues of chloroquinoline displaying potential antibacterial and antifungal activities are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Stepwise [8 + 3]‐Cycloaddition Reaction Between Tropone Derivatives and Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropanes.
Authors: Rivero Alexandra R. , Fernandez Israel , Sierra Miguel Angel
Published: February 2014

The novel [8 + 3]‐cycloaddition reaction between tropone derivatives (I) and aminocyclopropane (II) catalyzed by SnCl4 results in the formation of amino‐substituted tetrahydrocyclohepta[b]pyrans (III) with complete regio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Borane‐Catalyzed Highly Stereoselective Hydrogenation of Pyridines.
Authors: Liu Yongbing , Du Haifeng
Published: February 2014

This is the first successful example of metal‐free catalytic hydrogenation of pyridines with H2.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic 1,4‐Selective Hydrosilylation of Pyridines and Benzannulated Congeners.
Authors: Koenigs C. David F. , Klare Hendrik F. T. , Oestreich Martin
Published: February 2014

This reaction likely proceeds via an ionic one‐step hydride transfer distinguishing it from previously reported methods with radical mechanisms.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Multicomponent Reaction Involving Isoquinoline, Allenoate and Activated Ketone.
Authors: Yang Hia‐Bin , Zhao Yun‐Zhou , Sang Rui , Tang Xiang‐Yin , Shi Min
Published: February 2014

This novel three component reaction gives an easy access to isoquinoline derivatives via a 1,4‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Electrophilic Fluorocyclization with Carbon Nucleophiles.
Authors: Gouverneur Veronique , et al. et al.
Published: February 2014

A new class of chiral Selectfluor reagents is designed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed, Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydro‐3‐oxo‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazines: An Improved Catalytic System and Multicomponent Process.
Authors: Feng Gaofeng , Wang Shengnan , Li Weiting , Chen Fengjiang , Qi Chenze
Published: February 2014

An improved catalytic system is developed for the reaction of less reactive aryl chlorides (I) with aromatic amines to produce the title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: BN‐Dibenzo[a,o]picenes: Analogues of an Unknown Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon.
Authors: Neue Benedikt , Araneda Juan F. , Piers Warren E. , Parvez Masood
Published: February 2014

This method yields compounds (III) which are analogues of the so far unreported aromatic hydrocarbon (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridine‐Directed Palladium‐Catalyzed Phosphonation of C(sp2)—H Bonds.
Authors: Li Changkun , Yano Takaaki , Ishida Naoki , Murakami Masahiro
Published: February 2014

The title reaction occurs through the use of not only pyridine, but also quinoline and pyrimidine as the directing groups.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Phosphonomalonates Catalyzed by Molecular Iodine.
Authors: Sobhani Sara , Jahanshahi Roya
Published: February 2014

Title compounds (IV) are synthesized through tandem Knoevenagel—phospha—Michael reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Observation of TiH5 and TiH7 in Bulk‐Phase TiH3 Gels for Kubas‐Type Hydrogen Storage.
Authors: Hoang Tuan K. A. , Morris Leah , Reed Daniel , Book David , Trudeau Michel L. , Antonelli David M.
Published: February 2014

Porous TiIII hydride gels of type (II) are prepared as promising new hydrogen storage materials exploiting the first example of a solid state homoleptic metal hydride that binds further H2 ligands via the Kubas interaction [→ (III)].
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Frustration Probed by Inelastic Neutron Scattering: Recent Examples
Authors: Mirebeau Isabelle , Petit Sylvain
Published: February 2014

Review: involving three types of frustrated compounds: pyrochlore‐type magnets, multifrroics, and chiral magnets; 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetically Important Alkali‐Metal Utility Amides: Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium Hexamethyldisilazides, Diisopropylamides, and Tetramethylpiperidides
Authors: Mulvey Robert E. , Robertson Stuart D.
Published: February 2014

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sex Hormone‐derived Modified Steroids Possessing Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Frank Eva , Schneider Gyula
Published: February 2014

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction to the “Applications of Electrophilic Main Group Organometallic Molecules” Special Issue of Organometallics
Authors: Gabbai Francois P. , Piers Warren E.
Published: February 2014

Review: application of main group molecules in catalysis, green chemistry, new materias, and sensors
ChemInform Abstract: Control of Defect Mode in Magnetophotonic Crystals in the Magnetic Resonance Region
Authors: Eliseeva Svetlana V. , Ostatochnikov Vladimir A. , Sementsov Dmitrij I.
Published: February 2014

Review: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Probed with Neutron Scattering
Authors: te Velthuis S. G. E. , Pappas C.
Published: February 2014

Review: 15 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Soft‐Matter Physics Ferromagnetic Ferrofluids
Authors: Clark Noel A.
Published: February 2014

Review: 5 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State and Biological Nanopore for Real‐Time Sensing of Single Chemical and Sequencing of DNA
Authors: Haque Farzin , Li Jinghong , Wu Hai‐Chen , Liang Xing‐Jie , Guo Peixuan
Published: February 2014

Review: 154 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Sasabe Hisahiro , Kido Junji
Published: February 2014

Review: 98 refs.
Altered developmental events in the anterior region of the chick forelimb give rise to avian‐specific digit loss
Authors: Nomura Naoki , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Tamura Koji
Published: February 2014

Background: Avian forelimb (wing) contains only three digits, and the three‐digit formation in the bird forelimb is one of the avian‐specific limb characteristics that have been evolutionarily inherited from the common ancestral form in dinosaurs. Despite many studies on digit formation in the chick limb bud, the developmental mechanisms giving rise to the three‐digit forelimb in birds have not been completely clarified. Results: To identify which cell populations of the early limb bud contribute to digit formation in the late limb bud, fate maps of the early fore‐ and hindlimb buds were prepared. Based on these fate maps, we found that the digit‐forming region in the forelimb bud is narrower than that in the hindlimb bud, suggesting that some developmental mechanisms on the anterior‐most region lead to a reduced number of digits in the forelimb. We also found temporal differences in the onset of appearance of the ANZ (anterior necrotic zone) as well as differences in the position of the anterior edge of the AER. Conclusions: Forelimb‐specific events in the anterior limb bud are possible developmental mechanisms that might generate the different cell fates in the fore‐ and hindlimb buds, regulating the number of digits in birds. Developmental Dynamics 243:741–752, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of heart rate reduction with ivabradine on renal function in patients with chronic heart failure: an analysis from SHIFT
Authors: Voors Adriaan A. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Robertson Michele , Ford Ian , Borer Jeffrey S. , Böhm Michael , Komajda Michel , Swedberg Karl , Tavazzi Luigi ,   on behalf of the SHIFT investigators
Published: February 2014

Aims

We studied the relationship between heart rate and renal function and the effects of heart rate reduction with ivabradine in heart failure patients with and without renal dysfunction.

Methods and results

From the 6505 patients who were randomized in SHIFT, baseline creatinine and at least one follow‐up measurement were available in 6160 patients. Median follow‐up was 22.9 months. Worsening renal function (WRF) was defined as a creatinine increase of ≥0.3 mg/dL and ≥25% from the baseline value. WRF developed in 1029 (17%) patients and was directly related to baseline heart rate, with an incremental risk of 5% for every 5 b.p.m. heart rate increment (P = 0.003). WRF was associated with an increased risk of the primary composite endpoint of hospitalization for worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death [hazard ratio (HR) 1.38, P < 0.001] and of all‐cause mortality (HR 1.42, P < 0.001). Ivabradine use was associated with a reduction of the primary composite endpoint in patients both with (HR 0.82, P = 0.023) and without renal dysfunction (HR 0.81, P < 0.001) at baseline (P for interaction = 0.89), and tolerability of ivabradine was comparable in the two groups. No differences were found in changes in renal function over time between ivabradine‐ and placebo‐treated patients.

Conclusion

In chronic stable systolic heart failure patients, heart rate is directly and independently associated with the risk of WRF, but reduction in heart rate by ivabradine had a neutral effect on renal function during 2 years of follow‐up. The beneficial cardiovascular effects and safety of ivabradine were similar in patients with and without renal dysfunction.
Mapping brain circuit function in vivo using two‐photon fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Bovetti Serena , Moretti Claudio , Fellin Tommaso
Published: February 2014

Mapping the activity of neuronal circuits with high resolution in the intact brain is a fundamental step toward understanding brain function. In the last several years, nonlinear microscopy combined with fluorescent activity reporters has become a crucial tool for achieving this goal. In this review article, we will highlight the principles underlying nonlinear microscopy and discuss its application to neuroscience, focusing on recent functional studies in the rodent neocortex in combination with genetically encoded calcium indicators. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:492–501, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gene Regulation by Intracellular Delivery and Photodegradation of Nanoparticles Containing Small Interfering RNA
Authors: Murayama Shuhei , Kos Petra , Miyata Kanjiro , Kataoka Kazunori , Wagner Ernst , Kato Masaru
Published: February 2014

Although the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising technique for gene regulation, spatiotemporal control of the effects of siRNA must be achieved if the technique is to be safe and practical. Here, a method for spatiotemporal regulation of genes with nanoparticles containing siRNA is reported. The siRNA is encapsulated in photodegradable nanoparticles that are internalized to SKOV3‐Luc cells, where the siRNA is released from the nanoparticles by UV irradiation for 30 s. The encapsulated siRNA only shows no gene‐silencing effects, but release of the siRNA upon UV radiation leads to sequence‐specific silencing of the luciferase gene in the cells. These results indicate that photodegradable siRNA‐containing nanoparticles can be useful for time‐ and space‐dependent regulation of gene expression in cells.
A complement to potential theory in the Cosserat elasticity
Authors: Cialdea Alberto , Dolce Emanuela , Malaspina Angelica
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we investigate the internal second, third, and fourth boundary value problems of the three‐dimensional Cosserat elasticity by means of potential theory. The obtained integral representations differ from the classical ones. These results complete the ones related to the first BVP, which have recently been obtained by the authors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐order space‐time finite element schemes for acoustic and viscodynamic wave equations with temporal decoupling
Authors: Banks H. T. , Birch Malcolm J , Brewin Mark P , Greenwald Stephen E , Hu Shuhua , Kenz Zackary R , Kruse Carola , Maischak Matthias , Shaw Simon , Whiteman John R
Published: February 2014

We revisit a method originally introduced by Werder et al. (in Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 190:6685–6708, 2001) for temporally discontinuous Galerkin FEMs applied to a parabolic partial differential equation. In that approach, block systems arise because of the coupling of the spatial systems through inner products of the temporal basis functions. If the spatial finite element space is of dimension D and polynomials of degree r are used in time, the block system has dimension (r + 1)D and is usually regarded as being too large when r > 1. Werder et al. found that the space‐time coupling matrices are diagonalizable over for r ⩽100, and this means that the time‐coupled computations within a time step can actually be decoupled. By using either continuous Galerkin or spectral element methods in space, we apply this DG‐in‐time methodology, for the first time, to second‐order wave equations including elastodynamics with and without Kelvin–Voigt and Maxwell–Zener viscoelasticity. An example set of numerical results is given to demonstrate the favourable effect on error and computational work of the moderately high‐order (up to degree 7) temporal and spatio‐temporal approximations, and we also touch on an application of this method to an ambitious problem related to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
All‐electrical detection of spin Hall effect in semiconductors
Authors: Ehlert Markus , Song Cheng , Ciorga Mariusz , Hupfauer Thomas , Shiogai Junichi , Utz Martin , Schuh Dieter , Bougeard Dominique , Weiss Dieter
Published: February 2014

Since the prediction of the spin Hall effect more than 40 years ago, significant progress was made in theoretical description as well as in experimental observation, especially in the last decade. In this article, we present three different concepts and measurement geometries for all‐electrical detection of the direct and the inverse spin Hall effect in semiconductors. Based on experiments with n‐ and p‐doped GaAs microstructures, we describe our experimental approaches and methods to experimentally identify the spin Hall effect and compare our results to previous experiments and theoretical considerations.

Device geometry for the detection of the direct spin Hall effect.