bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of the temperature distribution of coffee stored in cooled and natural environments
Authors: Andrade Ednilton Tavares de , Rezende Renan Pereira , Borém Flávio Meira , Rosa Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da , Oliveira Filipe da Silva de , Rios Paula Almeida
Published: July 2023

The storage of agricultural products is of great importance in maintaining product quality between harvest and commercialization. The use of numerical and computational techniques, such as the finite element method (FEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), allows the analysis and simulation of systems that involve heat transfer, as is the case of grain storage. A computational model based on these techniques that satisfactorily represents a real system was used to test and to analyze decision alternatives without the need for real experimentation. In this study, we sought to study the behavior of the temperature of a mass of stored mocha coffee beans by using computational techniques, as requested by the private sector. The coffee was stored for 6 months in two types of environments: a cooled environment between 15 and 18 °C by using an air temperature control equipment used for artificial cooling and a natural environment. A computational model was developed to simulate the heat transfer process for both types of storage. In the comparison of the temperature distribution during storage from simulation results and for experimental results, an overall mean relative error of 2.34% was obtained for coffee stored in a natural environment, and that of 5.74% was obtained for coffee stored in a cooled environment.
Linguistic approaches to development pragmatic communication skills in the English language to students from technical vocational education
Authors: Dimitriu Angela
Published: July 2023

In this article are reflected the linguistic approaches on the development of communication competence. Communica-tion competence, based on the linguistic dimension, is used in the act of personal and professional communication. Prag-matics is the way we convey the message through communication, by emphasizing the active and interactive features of language and the structure of norms established in the case of linguistic communication. Pragmatic communication compe-tence points out the ability to know, understand and construct coherent appropriate discourses to the social, intercultural and professional circumstances, in which communication takes place. Mastering pragmatic communication skills in English highlights the student’s ability in technical vocational education for social interaction and professional career at a global level
Summative evaluation in technical professional education: general aspects
Authors: Birnaz Nina , Osoianu Catalina
Published: July 2023

In this paper we analyze the theoretical, general fundamental aspects of the concept of summative evaluation in professional-technical education, with the aim of familiarizing with the distinct elements of the summative assessment process. We emphasise the fact that teachers must choose appropriately or developing his own evaluation methods, to administer and to interpret the assessment results, to use the evaluation results by leveraging them in decision-making, to develop and apply grading procedures, to communicate assessment results considering various audience categories, to recognize and avoid the unethical, illegal implications, the distorted effects of some assessment procedures and thus through the skills analyzed in the paper and the functions of summative assessment we can facilitate this process.
Sobrepeso y Obesidad como Factores Asociados al Parto Cesárea en Gestantes Adolescentes Atendidas en el Hospital Nacional Sergio E. Bernales Durante los Años 2018 Y 2019
Authors:   , Calderón Alcántara Joseph Hoobert
Published: July 2023

OBJETIVO: Determinar si el sobrepeso y obesidad son factores asociados al parto cesárea en gestantes adolescentes atendidas en el Hospital Nacional Sergio E. Bernales entre los años de 2018 – 2019. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de tipo cuantitativo, analítico, observacional, de casos y controles y retrospectivo, cuya muestra está constituida por 274 gestantes adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad (IMC>25) siendo 137 casos y 137 controles. Se excluyeron gestantes con IMC < de 25. En el estudio se utilizó una ficha de recolección de datos. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa SPSS V22, se aplicó la prueba de Chi Cuadrado, tomando valores de p<0,05 para la significancia estadística y se calculó el OR con un intervalo de confianza al 95%. RESULTADOS: Las pacientes obesas tienen 7,01 veces el riesgo de tener cesárea con (IC95% 3,46 – 14,20); el tener una cesárea anterior presenta 20,33 veces el riesgo de tener parto cesárea, con un índice de confianza de 95% de (1,17 – 352,88). El presentar control prenatal inadecuado incrementa 2,55 veces el riesgo de tener parto cesárea, con un intervalo de confianza de 95% de 1,53 – 4,25 con un p <0,001 demostrando que si hay asociación estadística significante.
La inaplicación del delito de especulación en el contexto de la economía social de mercado en el Perú Ica, junio 2017
Authors:   , Sarmiento Vargas Ronald Jack
Published: July 2023

Durante la década de los 90 del pasado siglo, en el contexto de la dación de la vigente Constitución Política del Estado de 1993, se implementó el régimen económico de la economía social de mercado. En este régimen, los precios son fijados libre y espontáneamente según la ley de la oferta y la demanda. Por otro lado, está vigente el Código Penal que es el Decreto Legislativo Nº 635, del año 1991, que contempla el delito de especulación contemplado en el primer párrafo del articulo 234, cuya figura típica se reduce a castigar penalmente a los productores, fabricantes o comerciantes que pongan en venta productos considerados oficialmente de primera necesidad a precios superiores a los fijados por la autoridad competente. Sin embargo, ello, resultaría inaplicable, por cuanto en el contexto del régimen de economía social de mercado, no existiría tal autoridad competente que fije los precios de los productos oficialmente considerados de primera necesidad, por cuanto dichos precios los fija la ley de la oferta y la demanda.
Impacto del intrusismo médico en cirugía estética en el delito de homicidio culposo Lima 2021
Authors:   , Diaz Bisetti Graciela Milagros
Published: July 2023

El propósito de la presente investigación se enfoca en responder la interrogante ¿De qué manera el intrusismo médico en cirugía estética impacta en el delito de homicidio culposo, en la ciudad de Lima-2021? Para ello, se ha planteado como objetivos, analizar en qué forma el tratamiento normativo en el ámbito penal, y la regulación en general en torno al intrusismo médico, incide en la comisión del delito de homicidio culposo, identificando las falencias normativas que consideramos facilitan y predisponen su práctica dentro de la profesión médica. En ese sentido, se destaca la importancia de la valoración del riesgo, para determinar la responsabilidad penal médica, teniendo en consideración que la práctica de intrusismo por sí sola, ya está generando un riesgo más allá de lo permitido. Asimismo, la investigación permitió verificar las hipótesis planteadas, pues se encontró una regulación sobre la materia, deficiente y nada eficaz para la prevención o control de este fenómeno, generando el incremento del riesgo en la comisión del delito de homicidio culposo, además de constatar la inexistencia de un tipo penal específico que sancione el intrusismo en el ámbito médico.
Derecho de propiedad y el sistema de coordenadas en predios rurales en Mala – Cañete 2021
Authors:   , Huaman Vega Danet
Published: July 2023

La investigación que se titula “Derecho de propiedad y el sistema de Coordenadas en predios rurales en Mala – Cañete 2021”, ha tenido como objetivo principal determinar de qué manera el derecho de propiedad se ve vulnerado por el sistema de coordenadas en predios rurales en Mala - Cañete 2021. En la que el problema de investigación tiene como fundamento que la población siga generando confianza ante la Superintendencia Nacional de los Registros Públicos, además la necesidad de una base gráfica registral modernizada y actualizada, así como un solo parámetro de transformación de los sistemas de coordenadas utilizadas. En el ámbito metodológico, se ha empleado procedimientos propios de las investigaciones de tipo básica o pura, de nivel descriptiva correlacional, el diseño de estudio fue no experimental, dónde la muestra representativa de la población estuvo conformada por cuarenta (40) propietarios de inmuebles, pobladores del distrito de Mala en la provincia de Cañete en Lima, a quienes se aplicó la técnica de la encuesta, con su respectivo instrumento el cuestionario previamente aprobado, y en el análisis de los datos se empleó el método hipotético deductivo. Una vez obtenido los resultados se concluye que se ha determinado que el derecho de propiedad se ve vulnerado significativamente por el sistema de coordenadas en predios rurales en Mala – Cañete 2021, así mismo, la superposición, seguridad jurídica, el sistema de coordenadas PSAD56 y WGS84 están vinculados significativamente con el derecho de propiedad y el sistema de coordenadas.
El procedimiento de cobranza coactiva como manifestación administrativa en la Municipalidad Provincial de Ica
Authors:   , Flores Rojas Claudia Liset , Villa Tinco Alexandra Almendra
Published: July 2023

Las municipalidades del país se rigen por la Ley Orgánica de Municipalidades N° 27972, la misma que regula sus funciones y atribuciones, las materias de su competencia, la autonomía, régimen económico, así mismo el texto único ordenado de la Ley N° 26979, Ley del Procedimiento de Ejecución Coactiva, bajo el Decreto Supremo N° 018-2008-JUS y el reglamento de la ley de Procedimiento de ejecución Coactiva se rige por el Decreto Supremo N° 069-2003- EF, por lo cual el objeto de la ley establece un marco legal de los actos de ejecución coactiva en las instituciones de la administración pública, la citada norma contempla los procedimientos y ejecuciones coactivas, de allí se desprende la investigación realizada sobre el procedimiento de cobranza coactiva como manifestación administrativa en la Municipalidad Provincial de Ica, cuyo objetivo principal fue determinar de qué forma el Procedimiento de Cobranza Coactiva incide en la Manifestación Administrativa de la entidad mencionada. La metodología empleada señala que el tipo de investigación fue básica, pura, el nivel fue descriptivo, el diseño fue no experimental, se empleó como técnica la encuesta, como instrumento el cuestionario y los resultados obtenidos fueron en que, el Procedimiento de Cobranza Coactiva incide en la Manifestación Administrativa en la Municipalidad Provincial de Ica, un 27,1% de los encuestados respondieron que siempre están de acuerdo, el 63,5% respondió que a veces están de acuerdo y un 9,4% respondió que nunca estaría de acuerdo con la forma que se lleva a cabo la naturaleza del procedimiento de cobranza coactiva como manifestación administrativa en la Municipalidad Provincial de Ica.
Protección de bienes arqueológicos y la responsabilidad de las autoridades en la Municipalidad de San Martín de Porres 2021
Authors:   , Palomino Olivos Ruth
Published: July 2023

El tema de este trabajo se trata sobre evaluar cómo se relaciona la protección de bienes arqueológicos con la responsabilidad de las autoridades en la municipalidad San Martín de Porres 2021. Teniendo como objetivo general la Protección de bienes arqueológicos y como se relaciona significativamente con la responsabilidad de las autoridades en la municipalidad San Martín de Porres 2021. En el marco metodológico será de tipo cualitativo, analítico porque trata de entender las situaciones en términos de las relaciones de sus componentes. El diseño es no experimental se aplicará una encuesta a los pobladores del distrito de San Martin de Porres. Se procesará por Google drive. El trabajo será de nivel explicativo, es decir, estará orientada al descubrimiento de las causas que originan el problema. Se tendrá como Población:50 ciudadanos del distrito de San Martin de Porres. En la presente investigación, se tomará en cuenta que toda información que posea el Estado que se presume pública. El análisis por resultados se obtendrá de la aplicación del instrumento obteniendo los resultados de los gráficos que arroje la encuesta a los ciudadanos del distrito de San Martin de Porres. Una vez presentado los resultados se ha llegado concluir que la protección de bienes arqueológicos que es responsabilidad de las autoridades municipales en San Martin de Porres 2021 ya que influyen significativamente en la conservación y preservación de los bienes arqueológicos que forman parte del Perú y por consecuencia es la herencia de futuras generaciones.
Método de escritura directa de nanoestructuras tridimensionales
Authors: ESTRELA FERRANDIS ANDREU , Córdoba Castillo Rosa
Published: July 2023

Introducción a la FIBID, técnica de nanofabricación avanzada para el crecimiento de nanoestructuras tridimensionales, y estudio de la variación de la altura de las estructuras crecidas respecto a un cambio en parámetros de crecimiento relevantes.
Probing Optical Multi‐Level Memory Effects in Single Core‐Shell Quantum Dots and Application Through 2D–0D Hybrid Inverters
Authors: Ra Hyun‐Soo , Kim Tae Wook , Taylor Derrick Allan , Lee Je‐Jun , Song Seungho , Ahn Jongtae , Jang Jisu , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Shim Jae Won , Lee Jong‐Soo , Hwang Do Kyung
Published: July 2023

Challenges in the development of a multi‐level memory (MM) device for multinary arithmetic computers have posed an obstacle to low‐power, ultra‐high‐speed operation. For the effective transfer of a huge amount of data between arithmetic and storage devices, optical communication technology represents a compelling solution. Here, by replicating a floating gate architecture with CdSe/ZnS type‐I core/shell quantum dots (QDs), a 2D–0D hybrid optical multi‐level memory (OMM) device operated is demonstrated by laser pulses. In the device, laser pulses create linear optically trapped currents with MM characteristics, while conversely, voltage pulses reset all the trapped currents at once. Assuming electron transfer via the energy band alignment between MoS2 and CdSe, the study also establishes the mechanism of the OMM effect. Analysis of the designed device led to a new hypothesis that charge transfer is difficult for laterally adjacent QDs facing a double ZnS shell, which is tested by separately stimulating different positions on the 2D–0D hybrid structure with finely focused laser pulses. Results indicate that each laser pulse induced independent MM characteristics in the 2D–0D hybrid architecture. Based on this phenomenon, we propose a MM inverter to produce MM effects, such as programming and erasing, solely through the use of laser pulses. Finally, the feasibility of a fully optically‐controlled intelligent system based on the proposed OMM inverters is evaluated through a CIFAR‐10 pattern recognition task using a convolutional neural network.
Highly Selective Nickel‐Catalyzed Isomerization‐Hydroboration of Alkenes Affords Terminal Functionalization at Remote C−H Position
Authors: Saunders Tyler M. , Shepard Sydney B. , Hale Dylan J. , Robertson Katherine N. , Turculet Laura
Published: July 2023

We report herein the synthesis and characterization of nickel complexes supported by tridentate and bidentate phosphino(silyl) ancillary ligands, along with the successful application of these complexes as precatalysts for the hydroboration of terminal and internal alkenes using pinacolborane (HBPin). These reactions proceeded with low nickel loadings of 2.5‐5 mol % in the absence of co‐solvent, and in some cases at room temperature. Isomerization to afford exclusively the terminal hydroboration product was obtained across a range of internal alkenes, including tri‐ and tetra‐substituted examples. This reactivity is unprecedented for nickel and offers a powerful means of achieving functionalization at a C−H position remote from the C=C double bond. Nickel‐catalyzed deuteroboration experiments using DBPin support a mechanism involving 1,2‐insertion of the alkene and subsequent chain‐walking, which results in isotopic scrambling.
Real‐World Effectiveness of Osteoporosis Medications in France: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Bosco‐Lévy Pauline , Briot Karine , Mehsen‐Cetre Nadia , O'Kelly James , Désaméricq Gaëlle , Abouelfath Abdelilah , Lassalle Régis , Grelaud Angela , Grolleau Adeline , Blin Patrick , Droz‐Perroteau Cécile
Published: July 2023

Although drugs for osteoporosis have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing fracture risk in placebo‐controlled clinical trials, data on effectiveness in real‐world practice is limited. Data from the French national health insurance claims database (SNDS) were used to follow five cohorts of women aged ≥55 years after initiating treatment for ≥6 months with either denosumab, zoledronic acid, oral bisphosphonates, raloxifene, or teriparatide in 2014–2016. Fracture incidence was compared within each cohort between the 3 months following initiation (baseline fracture risk) and the 12month, 18month, and 24 month postinitiation periods. Data are presented as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs)s. Overall, 67,046 women were included in the denosumab cohort, 52,914 in the oral bisphosphonate cohort, 41,700 in the zoledronic acid cohort, 11,600 in the raloxifene cohort, and 7510 in the teriparatide cohort. The baseline vertebral fracture rate ranged from 1.74 per 1000 person years (‰PY) in the raloxifene cohort to 34.75‰PY in the teriparatide cohort, and the baseline hip fracture rate from 0.70‰PY in the raloxifene cohort to 10.52‰PY in the zoledronic acid cohort. Compared with the baseline fracture rate, vertebral fractures involving hospitalization were significantly reduced in the 3–24–month postinitiation period with denosumab (IRR 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5–0.7), zoledronic acid (IRR 0.4; 95% CI, 0.3–0.4), teriparatide (IRR 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2–0.5), and oral bisphosphonates (IRR 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.8). Hip fracture incidence was reduced with denosumab (IRR 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6–0.9), but higher for oral bisphosphonates (IRR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2–2.3); no significant change in hip fracture rate was observed for zoledronic acid, teriparatide, or raloxifene. A reduction in nonvertebral, non‐hip fracture incidence was observed only in the denosumab cohort (IRR 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7–0.9). These findings indicate that treatment with osteoporosis drugs is effective in the real‐world setting. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Experimental and theoretical study on the photoionization of styrene
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Huang Mingqiang , Chen Hao , Shan Xiaobin , Wang Zhenya , Liu Fuyi , Sheng Liusi
Published: July 2023

This study employed a vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation source and reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF‐MS) to investigate the photoionization and dissociation of styrene. By analyzing the photoionization mass spectrum and efficiency curve alongside G3B3 theoretical calculations, we determined the ionization energy of the molecular ion, appearance energy of fragment ions, and relevant dissociation pathways. The major ion peaks observed in the photoionization mass spectra of styrene correspond to C8H8+, C8H7+ and C6H6+. The ionization energy of styrene is measured as 8.46 ± 0.03 eV, whereas the appearance energies of C8H7+ and C6H6+ are found to be 12.42 ± 0.03 and 12.22 ± 0.03 eV, respectively, in agreement with theoretical values. The main channel for the photodissociation of styrene molecular ions is the formation of benzene ions, whereas the dissociation channel that loses hydrogen atoms is the secondary channel. Based on the experimental results and empirical formulas, the required dissociation energies (Ed) of C8H7+, C8H6+ and C6H6+ are calculated to be (3.96 ± 0.06), (4.00 ± 0.06) and (3.76 ± 0.06) eV, respectively. Combined with related thermochemical parameters, the standard enthalpies of formations of C8H8+, C8H7+, C8H6+ and C6H6+ are determined to be 964.2, 1346.3, 1350.2 and 1327.0 kJ/mol, respectively. Based on the theoretical study, the kinetic factors controlling the styrene dissociation reaction process are determined by using the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory. This provides a reference for further research on the atmospheric photooxidation reaction mechanism of styrene in atmospheric and interstellar environments.
Injectable ice slurry for reducing pericardial adipose tissue
Authors: Shuhaiber Jeffrey , Moradi Tuchayi Sara , Bijari Felicitas J. , Guehl Nicolas J. , Wang Ying , Farinelli William A. , Arkun Knarik , El Fakhri Georges , Anderson Richard R. , Garibyan Lilit
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Excess pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Currently, available methods for reducing PAT volume include weight loss through diet and exercise, weight loss with medications, and bariatric surgery. However, these methods are all limited by low patient compliance to maintain the results. We have developed an injectable ice slurry that could selectively target and reduce subcutaneous adipose tissue volume. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of using injectable slurry to selectively reduce PAT volume in a preclinical large animal model.

Methods

PAT in Yucatan swine was injected with slurry or room temperature control solution. All animals were imaged with baseline chest computed tomography (CT) before slurry injection and at 2 months after injection to quantify PAT volume. Specimens from injected and noninjected PAT were harvested for histology.

Results

Slurry treatment of PAT was well tolerated in all animals. Slurry‐induced selective cryolipolysis in treated PAT. CT imaging showed decrease in PAT volume in treated area at 8 weeks posttreatment compared to baseline, that was significantly different from control solution treated group (median [range]: −29.66 [−35.07 to −27.92]% vs. −1.50 [−11.69 to 8.69]% in control animals respectively, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that slurry injection into PAT is feasible in a large animal model. Slurry injection was safe and effective in inducing selective cryolipolysis in PAT and reducing PAT volume. Slurry reduction of PAT could potentially serve as a novel treatment for cardiovascular diseases.
On bundling: the aesthetics of exchange and growth in central Uganda
Authors: Calkins Sandra , Zoanni Tyler
Published: July 2023

In central Uganda, even a casual observer would notice the widespread presentation of often identical commercial services and goods – fruit vendors, street food or motorcycle taxis, for instance – in a small shared area. This article brings the dynamics of this phenomenon into view under the heuristic rubric of ‘bundling’, reflecting both on diverse examples from present-day Kampala and on some of the phenomenon’s historical and linguistic scaffolding. We take this phenomenon seriously as an alternative form of socio-economic exchange and growth, one that is distinct from liberal and neoliberal imaginaries of an unlimited flow of goods, people, things and services. Bundling, we argue, reflects an aesthetics in which both material value and social relationships are imagined to arise through thickenings of persons and things, assembled and ordered in spatial proximity and symmetry. The article suggests that bundling offers conceptual resources to imagine growth otherwise, as a process unfolding in ways that complicate and clog conventional economic imaginaries.
Leveraging Groundwater Dynamics to Improve Predictions of Summer Low‐Flow Discharges
Authors: Johnson Keira , Harpold Adrian , Carroll Rosemary W. H. , Barnard Holly , Raleigh Mark S. , Segura Catalina , Li Li , Williams Kenneth H. , Dong Wenming , Sullivan Pamela L.
Published: July 2023

Summer streamflow predictions are critical for managing water resources; however, warming‐induced shifts from snow to rain regimes impact low‐flow predictive models. Additionally, reductions in snowpack drive earlier peak flows and lower summer flows across the western United States increasing reliance on groundwater for maintaining summer streamflow. However, it remains poorly understood how groundwater contributions vary interannually. We quantify recession limb groundwater (RLGW), defined as the proportional groundwater contribution to the stream during the period between peak stream flow and low flow, to predict summer low flows across three diverse western US watersheds. We ask (a) how do snow and rain dynamics influence interannual variations of RLGW contributions and summer low flows?; (b) which watershed attributes impact the effectiveness of RLGW as a predictor of summer low flows? Linear models reveal that RLGW is a strong predictor of low flows across all sites and drastically improves low‐flow prediction compared to snow metrics at a rain‐dominated site. Results suggest that strength of RLGW control on summer low flows may be mediated by subsurface storage. Subsurface storage can be divided into dynamic (i.e., variability saturated) and deep (i.e., permanently saturated) components, and we hypothesize that interannual variability in dynamic storage contribution to streamflow drives RLGW variability. In systems with a higher proportion of dynamic storage, RLGW is a better predictor of summer low flow because the stream is more responsive to dynamic storage contributions compared to deep‐storage‐dominated systems. Overall, including RLGW improved low‐flow prediction across diverse watersheds.
Are foundation doctors equipped with the skills necessary for the assessment and referral of a patient presenting with a suspected facial skin malignancy?
Authors: Rehman Umar , Sarwar Mohammad Sohaib , Abualnaja Siraj Yasser , Amy Johanna Freer Frances , Brennan Peter A
Published: July 2023

Background

The incidence of skin cancer (SC) has increased in recent years with it being the most common cancer within the UK. The management of SC requires a multidisciplinary approach involving dermatologists and surgical specialities.

Objectives

To assess the confidence of current foundation trainees (FTs) in the assessment of facial SC and referral for surgical management and reconstruction.

Methods

An online survey was distributed via social media and completed by 142 FTs across 13 deaneries. Two higher training respondents were excluded.

Results

We found that 50% (71/142) of trainees had only examined one or two patients with SC and 25.3% (36/142) had no experience in SC assessment. Most FTs were not confident in performing a full skin examination (90.2%, 119/132), formulating differential diagnoses for a pigmented facial lesion (45.3%, 64/141) or investigating a facial SC (87.9%, 124/141). Facial defects requiring reconstruction (87.3%, 124/142) were more likely to be referred to plastic surgery.

Conclusions

FTs were not confident in performing full skin examinations nor formulating diagnoses for pigmented lesions. This is concerning given that the majority of FTs will enter general practice and therefore exposure to SC will be common. This may in turn place greater burden on secondary care services such as dermatology and allied surgical specialities resulting in a greater caseload in an already stretched service in the UK. The integration of the British Association of Dermatology undergraduate syllabus into the medical school curriculum should improve confidence in the detection and management of SC at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
Association between opioid and dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms OPRM1rs1799971, DAT VNTR9-10 repeat allele, DRD1 rs4532 and DRD2 rs1799732 and alcohol dependence: an ethnicity oriented meta-analysis
Authors: Suresh Navina , Kantipudi Suvarna Jyothi , Ramu Deepika , Muniratnam Suresh Kumar , Venkatesan Vettriselvi
Published: July 2023

Objective

We carried out a meta-analysis of four opioid and dopamine candidate gene polymorphisms having conflicting results in prior literature, namely OPRM1 rs1799971, DAT VNTR9-10 repeat, DRD1 rs4532 and DRD2 rs1799732, to clarify their association with alcohol dependence and further stratified results by ethnicity to analyze possible ethnicity-mediated effects.

Methods

Inclusion criteria: case-control studies assessing the association between OPRM1 rs1799971, DAT VNTR9/10 repeat allele, DRD1 rs4532 and DRD2 rs1799732 with alcohol dependence, with sufficient data available to calculate the odds ratio (OR) within a 95% confidence interval. Exclusion criteria: studies of quantitative measures of alcohol consumption, response to medications or analyses of other markers in the candidate genes, studies without controls, animal studies and lack of genotyping data. Information sources were PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect databases, all of which were searched for articles published till 2021. Heterogeneity between studies and publication bias, subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were carried out.

Results

A total of 41 published studies were included in the current meta-analysis. For the OPRM1 gene, there was a statistically significant association in the Asian population with a pooled OR of 1.707 (95% CI, 1.32–2.20 P < 0.0001) and 1.618 (95% CI, 1.16–2.26 P = 0.005) in the additive and dominant genetic models. For DAT VNTR 9/10 repeat, a statistically significant association of the risk vs. common allele was observed in AD with a pooled OR of 1.104 (95% CI, 1.00–1.21 P = 0.046) in the allele model and the additive genetic model in the Caucasian population with pooled OR of 1.152 (95% CI, 1.01–1.31 P = 0.034).

Conclusion

Results indicate that some of the effects may be ethnicity-specific.

Other

The meta-analysis has been registered in the CRD PROSPERO (CRD42023411576).
Pressure Injury Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Baykara Zehra Gocmen , Karadag Ayise , Bulut Hulya , Duluklu Burcu , Karabulut Hatice , Aktas Dilek , Celik Sevilay Senol , Guler Sevil , Ay Ali , Gul Senay , Ozturk Deniz , Irmak Burcin , Aydogan Sinan , Cebeci Fatma , Karakaya Derya , Avsar Pinar
Published: July 2023

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to determine the point prevalence (PP) of general pressure injuries (PIs), hospital-acquired PIs, PI-related risk factors, and PI preventive interventions performed by nurses.

DESIGN:

Descriptive, multicenter, prospective, analytical study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:

The sample comprised 5088 patients cared for in 13 hospitals in 12 geographic regions of Turkey. Data were collected between November 5, 2018, and July 17, 2019.

METHODS:

The study was carried out in 2 stages. First, nurses who collected data were trained in the diagnosis of PI, risk assessment, staging, and prevalence studies, and informed about the purpose and methods of the study, including data collection. Second, nurses and researchers who had received training related to data collection for this study conducted a PP study for PIs in their inpatient clinics using the ASSIST II method. The PI Prevalence Study Tool and the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk were also used during data collection.

RESULTS:

The PP of general PIs was 9.5%; the prevalence of PIs with hospitalization in intensive care units was 43.2%; medical device–related pressure injuries prevalence was 10.7%. We found that 65.1% of the PIs were acquired after hospital admission.

CONCLUSIONS:

Similarities exist between PI prevalence in Turkey and reported PI prevalence rates worldwide. However, the prevalence of nosocomial PIs related to intensive care units and the prevalence of all nosocomial injuries were higher than rates previously reported. Based on results, there is a need to develop strategies to reduce the prevalence of nosocomial PIs.
Priority research needs to inform amphibian conservation in the Anthropocene
Authors: Campbell Grant Evan H. , Amburgey Staci M. , Gratwicke Brian , Acosta‐Chaves Victor , Belasen Anat M. , Bickford David , Brühl Carsten A. , Calatayud Natalie E. , Clemann Nick , Clulow Simon , Crnobrnja‐Isailovic Jelka , Dawson Jeff , De Angelis David A. , Dodd C. Kenneth , Evans Annette , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Falaschi Mattia , González‐Mollinedo Sergio , Green David M. , Gamlen‐Greene Roseanna , Griffiths Richard A. , Halstead Brian J. , Hassapakis Craig , Heard Geoffrey , Karlsson Catharina , Kirschey Tom , Klocke Blake , Kosch Tiffany A. , Novaes Sophia Kusterko , Linhoff Luke , Maerz John C. , Mosher Brittany A. , O'Donnell Katherine , Ochoa‐Ochoa Leticia M. , Olson Deanna H. , Ovaska Kristiina , Roberts J. Dale , Silla Aimee J. , Stark Tariq , Tarrant Jeanne , Upton R. , Vörös Judit , Muths Erin
Published: July 2023

The problem of global amphibian declines has prompted extensive research over the last three decades. Initially, the focus was on identifying and characterizing the extent of the problem, but more recently efforts have shifted to evidence‐based research designed to identify best solutions and to improve conservation outcomes. Despite extensive accumulation of knowledge on amphibian declines, there remain knowledge gaps and disconnects between science and action that hamper our ability to advance conservation efforts. Using input from participants at the ninth World Congress of Herpetology, a U.S. Geological Survey Powell Center symposium, amphibian on‐line forums for discussion, the International Union for Conservation of Nature Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Gamete Biobanking group, and respondents to a survey, we developed a list of 25 priority research questions for amphibian conservation at this stage of the Anthropocene. We identified amphibian conservation research priorities while accounting for expected tradeoffs in geographic scope, costs, and the taxonomic breadth of research needs. We aimed to solicit views from individuals rather than organizations while acknowledging inequities in participation. Emerging research priorities (i.e., those under‐represented in recently published amphibian conservation literature) were identified, and included the effects of climate change, community‐level (rather than single species‐level) drivers of declines, methodological improvements for research and monitoring, genomics, and effects of land‐use change. Improved inclusion of under‐represented members of the amphibian conservation community was also identified as a priority. These research needs represent critical knowledge gaps for amphibian conservation although filling these gaps may not be necessary for many conservation actions.
Closing the gap between science and management of cold‐water refuges in rivers and streams
Authors: Mejia Francine H. , Ouellet Valerie , Briggs Martin A. , Carlson Stephanie M. , Casas‐Mulet Roser , Chapman Mollie , Collins Mathias J. , Dugdale Stephen J. , Ebersole Joseph L. , Frechette Danielle M. , Fullerton Aimee H. , Gillis Carole‐Anne , Johnson Zachary C. , Kelleher Christa , Kurylyk Barret L. , Lave Rebecca , Letcher Benjamin H. , Myrvold Knut M. , Nadeau Tracie‐Lynn , Neville Helen , Piégay Herve , Smith Kathryn A. , Tonolla Diego , Torgersen Christian E.
Published: July 2023

Human activities and climate change threaten coldwater organisms in freshwater ecosystems by causing rivers and streams to warm, increasing the intensity and frequency of warm temperature events, and reducing thermal heterogeneity. Cold‐water refuges are discrete patches of relatively cool water that are used by coldwater organisms for thermal relief and short‐term survival. Globally, cohesive management approaches are needed that consider interlinked physical, biological, and social factors of cold‐water refuges. We review current understanding of cold‐water refuges, identify gaps between science and management, and evaluate policies aimed at protecting thermally sensitive species. Existing policies include designating cold‐water habitats, restricting fishing during warm periods, and implementing threshold temperature standards or guidelines. However, these policies are rare and uncoordinated across spatial scales and often do not consider input from Indigenous peoples. We propose that cold‐water refuges be managed as distinct operational landscape units, which provide a social and ecological context that is relevant at the watershed scale. These operational landscape units provide the foundation for an integrated framework that links science and management by (1) mapping and characterizing cold‐water refuges to prioritize management and conservation actions, (2) leveraging existing and new policies, (3) improving coordination across jurisdictions, and (4) implementing adaptive management practices across scales. Our findings show that while there are many opportunities for scientific advancement, the current state of the sciences is sufficient to inform policy and management. Our proposed framework provides a path forward for managing and protecting cold‐water refuges using existing and new policies to protect coldwater organisms in the face of global change.
Different Feathers Embedding Together: Integrating Diversity and Organizational Embeddedness
Authors: Ghosh Debjani , Gonzalez Jorge A. , Sekiguchi Tomoki
Published: July 2023

Despite the increase of demographic diversity in organizational environments, little is known about how and why employees from distinct demographic backgrounds (e.g., gender, race, and/or ethnicity) become embedded in their work organizations, which is a reason why employees stay and perform in their jobs. To address this research gap, we integrate job embeddedness and social identification/self‐categorization theories and draw from critical diversity studies to theorize on the effects of varying degrees of demographic diversity on the organizational embeddedness of diverse talent. Specifically, we theorize on how monolithic, pluralistic, and multicultural organizational stages, reflecting distinct degrees of heterogeneity, structural integration, and inclusion, affect the process by which employees from both dominant and marginalized social groups develop organizational embeddedness dimensions – links, fit, and sacrifice – with a distinct nature, order, degree, and speed. We further theorize how inclusive leadership can promote organizational embeddedness of employees from all social groups in the three organizational demography stages.
Laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy using a resorbable self‐locking loop device in dorsally recumbent horses
Authors: Bonomelli Natacha , Höglund Odd Viking , Bonilla Alvaro G.
Published: July 2023

Objective

To report the use and feasibility of a self‐locking resorbable loop device for cryptorchidectomy.

Study design

Clinical prospective study.

Population

Twenty horses.

Methods

Horses suspected to have an abdominal testicle/s after admission work‐up were enrolled. Horses were anesthetized in dorsal recumbency and a standard laparoscopic technique was performed. The looped device was inserted into the abdomen, glided around the testis/cord and tightened. Then, the spermatic cord was transected prior testis removal. Surgical procedure details and remarks, perioperative complications and total surgical time were recorded. Short‐ (>3 weeks) and long‐term (>6 months) follow‐ups were obtained by telephone questionnaire.

Results

Median total surgical time was 67 min (range: 43–189 min) and significantly shortened after the first four horses. The loop device was easily glided around 13/20 abdominal testes and required more time and technical skills around larger testes (≥3 years). Excellent intraoperative hemostasis was achieved in 17 horses. Three horses demonstrated mild intraoperative bleeding that required retightening, device replacement or adding a second device, respectively. Three horses developed mild postoperative hemoabdomen identified ultrasonographically and were successfully managed medically. Follow‐up revealed no significant complications related to the procedure. One horse was euthanized for colic 4 months after surgery and one died of hemolytic shock 17 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

This device represents another method to perform equine cryptorchidectomy that requires minimal training and laparoscopic expertise but demands knowledge of the device and application to prevent complications.

Clinical significance

Laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy using this device is an alternative technique for horses <3 years.
Characterization of Mu-Like
Yersinia
Phages Exhibiting Temperature Dependent Infection
Authors: Meng Biao , Qi Zhizhen , Li Xiang , Peng Hong , Bi Shanzheng , Wei Xiao , Li Yan , Zhang Qi , Xu Xiaoqing , Zhao Haihong , Yang Xiaoyan , Wang Changjun , Zhao Xiangna
Published: July 2023

Mu-like bacteriophages of
Y. pestis
were isolated from
M. himalayana
of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau in China. These bacteriophages have a unique temperature dependent life cycle, follow a lytic cycle at the temperature of warm-blooded mammals (37°С), and enter the lysogenic cycle at the temperature of its flea-vector (26°С).
A comment on the paper “The structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of MgCu under pressure: A first-principles study”
Authors: Anand K. , Rajesh K. , Sharma V. S.
Published: July 2023

Rahman et al. [International Journal of Mod. Phys. B 30, 1650199 (2016)] found that MgCu intermetallic compound with CsCl-type (B2) structure becomes unstable under pressure at about 15[Formula: see text]GPa. This prediction has been made using an elastic instability condition for second-order elastic constants given by Born. They determined the elastic constants using Hooke’s law for the linear stress–strain relationship which does not hold good at high pressures. It has been shown here that the values of elastic constants for MgCu at high pressures determined by Rahman et al. are not consistent with the values of bulk modulus computed from the Birch–Murnaghan equation of state (BM-EOS). We have used the Tallon formulation based on the thermodynamics of elastic deformation to estimate elastic constants which yields results for the bulk modulus of MgCu at different pressures in good agreement with those determined from the BM-EOS. It has been found that MgCu remains stable up to about 20 GPa which is significantly higher than the limit of elastic stability predicted by Rahman et al.
Linear Difference Operators with Sequence Coefficients Having Infinite-Dimentional Solution Spaces
Authors: Abramov Sergei , Pogudin Gleb
Published: July 2023

The notion of lacunary infinite numerical sequence is introduced. It is shown that for an arbitrary linear difference operator
L
with coefficients belonging to the set
R
of infinite numerical sequences, a criterion (i.e., a necessary and sufficient condition) for the infinite-dimensionality of its space

V
L

of solutions belonging to
R
is the presence of a lacunary sequence in

V
L
.
Marko Petkovšek 1955--2023
Authors: Petkovšek Eva U.
Published: July 2023

During the last months of his life, while still undergoing chemotherapy after a recent severe oncological operation, Marko remained very much engaged in his work. Actually, not only did he collaborate with one of his young students on an article which was later accepted for publication. He co-wrote as well another one on the subject of the representation of prime numbers by quadratic forms with a now deceased surveyor adept at computer experiments. Marko both came up with the formulation and proof of the corresponding hypotheses.
Conference Overview: EvoStar 2023
Authors: Reuter Julia
Published: July 2023

This year's EvoStar conference was held on April 12th -- 14th in the beautiful city of Brno, Czech Republic. The organizing team around Lukas Sekanina with their warm hospitality did an excellent job to make this conference an unforgettable experience.
Data from HSA Adductomics Reveals Sex Differences in NHL Incidence and Possible Involvement of Microbial Translocation
Authors: Grigoryan Hasmik , Imani Partow , Sacerdote Carlotta , Masala Giovanna , Grioni Sara , Tumino Rosario , Chiodini Paolo , Dudoit Sandrine , Vineis Paolo , Rappaport Stephen M.
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground:
The higher incidence of non–Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in males is not well understood. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as causes of NHL, they cannot be measured directly in archived blood.
Methods:
We performed untargeted adductomics of stable ROS adducts in human serum albumin (HSA) from 67 incident NHL cases and 82 matched controls from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Italy cohort. Regression and classification methods were employed to select features associated with NHL in all subjects and in males and females separately.
Results:
Sixty seven HSA-adduct features were quantified by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry at Cys34 (n = 55) and Lys525 (n = 12). Three features were selected for association with NHL in all subjects, while seven were selected for males and five for females with minimal overlap. Two selected features were more abundant in cases and seven in controls, suggesting that altered homeostasis of ROS may affect NHL incidence. Heat maps revealed differential clustering of features between sexes, suggesting differences in operative pathways.
Conclusions:
Adduct clusters dominated by Cys34 oxidation products and disulfides further implicate ROS and redox biology in the etiology of NHL. Sex differences in dietary and alcohol consumption also help to explain the limited overlap of feature selection between sexes. Intriguingly, a disulfide of methanethiol from enteric microbial metabolism was more abundant in male cases, thereby implicating microbial translocation as a potential contributor to NHL in males.
Impact:
Only two of the ROS adducts associated with NHL overlapped between sexes and one adduct implicates microbial translocation as a risk factor.
Data from Using DEPendency of Association on the Number of Top Hits (DEPTH) as a Complementary Tool to Identify Novel Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility Loci
Authors: Lai John , Wong Chi Kuen , Schmidt Daniel F. , Kapuscinski Miroslaw K. , Alpen Karen , MacInnis Robert J. , Buchanan Daniel D. , Win Aung K. , Figueiredo Jane C. , Chan Andrew T. , Harrison Tabitha A. , Hoffmeister Michael , White Emily , Le Marchand Loic , Pai Rish K. , Peters Ulrike , Hopper John L. , Jenkins Mark A. , Makalic Enes
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground:
DEPendency of association on the number of Top Hits (DEPTH) is an approach to identify candidate susceptibility regions by considering the risk signals from overlapping groups of sequential variants across the genome.
Methods:
We applied a DEPTH analysis using a sliding window of 200 SNPs to colorectal cancer data from the Colon Cancer Family Registry (CCFR; 5,735 cases and 3,688 controls), and Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO; 8,865 cases and 10,285 controls) studies. A DEPTH score > 1 was used to identify candidate susceptibility regions common to both analyses. We compared DEPTH results against those from conventional genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses of these two studies as well as against 132 published susceptibility regions.
Results:
Initial DEPTH analysis revealed 2,622 (CCFR) and 3,686 (GECCO) candidate susceptibility regions, of which 569 were common to both studies. Bootstrapping revealed 40 and 49 candidate susceptibility regions in the CCFR and GECCO data sets, respectively. Notably, DEPTH identified at least 82 regions that would not be detected using conventional GWAS methods, nor had they been identified by previous colorectal cancer GWASs. We found four reproducible candidate susceptibility regions (2q22.2, 2q33.1, 6p21.32, 13q14.3). The highest DEPTH scores were in the human leukocyte antigen locus at 6p21 where the strongest associated SNPs were rs762216297, rs149490268, rs114741460, and rs199707618 for the CCFR data, and rs9270761 for the GECCO data.
Conclusions:
DEPTH can identify candidate susceptibility regions for colorectal cancer not identified using conventional analyses of larger datasets.
Impact:
DEPTH has potential as a powerful complementary tool to conventional GWAS analyses for discovering susceptibility regions within the genome.