bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell Typing and Sub-typing Based on Detecting Characteristic Subspaces of Morphological Features Derived from Neuron Images
Authors: Zhao Sujun , Qian Penghao
Published: January 2024

Recent advances in reconstructing 3D neuron morphologies at the whole brain level offer exciting opportunities to study single cell genotyping and phenotyping. However, it remains challenging to define cell types and sub-types properly. As morphological feature spaces are often too complicated to classify neurons, we introduce a method to detect the optimal subspace of features so that neurons can be well clustered. We have applied this method to one of the largest curated databases of morphological reconstructions that contains more than 9,400 mouse neurons of 19 cell types. Our method is able to detect the distinctive feature subspaces for each cell type. Our approach also outperforms prevailing cell typing approaches in terms of its ability to identify key morphological indicators for each neuron type and separate super-classes of these neuron types. Subclasses of neuronal types could supply information for brain connectivity and modeling, also promote other analysis including feature spaces.
C2-Eye:Framework for Detecting Command and Control (C2) Connection of Supply Chain Attacks
Authors: Haider Raja Zeeshan , Aslam Baber , Abbas Haider , Iqbal Zafar
Published: January 2024

Supply chain attacks are potent cyber attacks for compromising supply chains and infecting thousands of customers depending on the supply chain. Havoc, played bythe SUNBURST attack, demands a proactive and holistic approach for the timely detection of supply chain attacks. Supply chain attacks are difficult to detect as the malware is installed through legitimate supply chains, making deployed security controls futile. The recent increases in supply chain attacks warrant a Zero-trust model for detecting supply chain attacks. The most promising technique for detecting supply chain attacks is monitoring host-based indicators and correlating these indicators with associated network activity. Establishing a Command and Control (C2) connection is one of the essential stages in supply chain attacks, and its timely detection can lead to the detection of the attack. The C2-Eye framework has introduced an all inclusive approach for detecting C2 of supply chain attacks, established over DNS. C2-Eye incorporates process-specific host-based features, correlated network activity, DNS metadata, DNS semantic analysis, and threat intelligence from publicly available resources for detecting C2 of supply chain attacks. Besides, C2-Eye monitors the C2 channel for probable data exfiltration in the backdrop of supply chain attacks. C2-Eye has introduced many unique features, offering better performance and a high detection rate. A random forest classifier has been used to classify heterogeneous C2-Eye features. C2-Eye is an effective framework for detecting supply chain attacks with an F1-score of 98.70%.
Quick Guide to Classify Qualitative and Quantitative Performance of SEM/EDS and ICP- OES for Gunshot Residue Analysis
Authors: Seelanan Parinya , Nantasitangkool Phuritpach
Published: January 2024

The investigation of inorganic gunshot residues (iGSR) is to detect particles containing antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), and lead (Pb) on a sample via either destructive or non-destructive techniques. Laboratory competence on iGSR analysis is assessed via successful participation in proficiency testing (PT). According to ISO 13528 Section 11.1, PT schemes can be recognized by examination under sample’s magnitude and investigation of its properties. Two types of PT scheme for iGSR analysis are carried out. In the first type (I-iGSR PT), participants are requested to submit the GSR results with quantitative information. For the second type (II-iGSR PT), participants shall report the presence of characteristic iGSR particles on PT sample. However, to avoid wasting budget and excessive efforts, selection of PT type can be considered from actual performance in each laboratory method. In this study, the Royal Thai Police cooperated with laboratory network to propose a quick guide for performance assessment of scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (SEM/EDS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) using standard deviation index (SDI). The difference between the mean of iGSR sample and inter-laboratory were compared. The results revealed that SDI values were employed to evaluate SEM/EDS or ICP-OES performance in both types of iGSR PT programs. The SDI value can be used as a quick estimation before PT operation. The near zero SDI of PT sample indicated that it is eligible for all iGSR types, whereas the SDI above 1 only suggested for qualitative analysis PT. Hence, the observed SDI values can be used as a tool for instrument performance assessment and iGSR analysis decision prior to PT subscription for the first or next rounds.
Identification of sleep and circadian alternative polyadenylation sites associated with APA-linked human brain disorders
Authors: Flores Carlos C. , Pasetto Nickolas A. , Wang Hongyang , Dimitrov Alexander , Davis Jon F. , Jiang Zhuhua , Davis Christopher J. , Gerstner Jason R.
Published: January 2024

Sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions are comorbid features of many pathologies and can negatively influence numerous health conditions, including degenerative diseases, metabolic illnesses, cancer, and various neurological disorders. Genetic association studies linking sleep and circadian disturbances with disease susceptibility have mainly focused on changes in gene expression due to mutations, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Thus, associations between sleep and/or circadian rhythm and alternative polyadenylation (APA), particularly in the context of other health challenges, are largely undescribed. APA is a process that generates various transcript isoforms from the same gene, resulting in effects on mRNA translation, stability, localization, and subsequent function. Here, we have identified unique APAs in rat brain that exhibit time-of-day-dependent oscillations in expression as well as APAs that are altered by sleep deprivation and the subsequent recovery period. Genes affected by APA usage include Mapt/Tau, Ntrk2, Homer1A, Sin3band Sorl. Sorl1 has two APAs which cycle with a 24 h period, one additional APA cycles with a 12 h period and one more that is reduced during recovery sleep. Finally, we compared sleep- or circadian-associated APAs with recently described APA-linked brain disorder susceptibility genes and found 46 genes in common.
Effect of constrictivity of gel/capillary pores in concrete on chloride ions migration
Authors: Zhang Yafen , Liu Ruonan , Zhang Ruicheng , Yan Xiaoyu , Zhao Zhuo , Zhu Yulong
Published: January 2024

Corrosion of steel bars due to chloride ions in seawater migration into reinforced concrete (RC) lining is a major factor affecting the lifetime of subsea tunnels. To improve the safety assessment of existing subsea tunnels, a coupled hydraulic-mechanical-chemical (H-M-C) model is proposed to simulate the chloride ions migration process with hydrostatic pressure in the RC lining of subsea tunnels for obtaining the long-term distribution of chloride ions in the RC lining more accurately. In the H-M-C coupled model, the volume fluid fraction and convection velocity obtained from the bidirectionally coupled hydraulic and mechanic analysis are unidirectionally considered in the analysis of convection, diffusion, and adsorption of chloride ions in the RC lining. In addition, to consider the influence of concrete microscopic pores (e.g., gel pores and capillary pores) size on chloride ion migration, the classic expression of the effective diffusion coefficient is modified by considering a constrictivity factor that varies nonlinearly with the microscopic pore size. Results indicate that in the diffusion zone, the concentration of chloride ions significantly increases with increasing gel/capillary pores radius (rpeak), leading to a rapid non-linear decrease in the service time of the RC subsea tunnel. Afterward, to more clearly ascertain the sensitivity of the effects of constrictivity of gel/capillary pores in concrete on chloride ion migration, the sensitivity analyses are carried out on four sets of parameters (i.e., saturated permeability, van Genuchten parameters, initial saturation, and binding capacity parameters). The results of the sensitivity analyses suggest that the effects of capillary pores radius (rpeak) on the penetration process of chloride ions in the concrete lining of subsea tunnels are more sensitive to the initial saturation (Se) than the vG parameters (a and m). Furthermore, with the increase of capillary pores radius (rpeak), the sensitivity of the chloride ion penetration to capillary pores radius the under different chloride binding conditions is increasing.
Heavy metal contamination in soil and health risk assessment through onion consumption in Mojo and Koka, Ethiopia
Authors: Reta Hailu , Mekonen Nibret , Leta Bayissa
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in the soil and horticultural crops grown under irrigation in the Mojo and Koka sites in Oromia, Ethiopia, and to evaluate the potential health risks that these metals may cause to consumers. For this investigation, a total of 50 onion (Allium porrum L.) and 50 soil samples were gathered. The content of heavy metals was measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) after the samples' digest using microwave-assisted digestion. The mean concentrations of examined trace elements in onion (mg/kg) were found in the range of 0.80 to 0.95, for As 1.77 to 0.91 for Sn, 2.09 to 1.49 for Pb, 12.29 to 7.31 for B, 13.85 to 12.33 for Zn, 0.34 to 0.25 for Cd, 1.83 to 1.78 for Hg, 11.29 to 7.54 for Cu, 0.83 to 0.78 for Ni, 0.34 to 0.31 for Co, 78.39 to 42.19 for Fe, 17.03 to 11.56 for Mn, and 1.03to 1.02 for Cr. Given that the average levels of Pb, Hg, Cd, and As in onions at both irrigation sites surpassed the upper limit of allowable levels established by the joint FAO/WHO commission. These metals' concentrations in soil are found to be within acceptable bounds. As compared to other literatures, their concentration really exceeded in both irrigation sites. According to the metal pollution load index, the overall pollution load of trace metals, including As, Pb, Cd, and Hg, was found to be moderately higher in both irrigation locations for the majority of the onions under study. The results, which were computed using an adult consumer's food intake, indicated that the Pb and Hg dietary exposure levels were much higher than the daily intake amounts that were considered tentatively tolerated. The soil-to-onion transfer factor showed that whereas Fe has a strong sorption to the soil colloids, metal Cu is comparatively poorly maintained in the soil. The degree of metal enrichment in soils and sediments is higher than in other literatures, according to the soil pollution indices. Thus, swift action is needed to stop the issue and guarantee public safety along the food system's supply chain.
Mediating effects of insomnia and resilience on COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress disorder and quality of life in adolescents
Authors: Yang Xingjie , 孟 雪雪 , Libin Zhang , Wang Leilei , Hu Deng , Shuangjiang Zhou , Yuchun Yang
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has impaired the quality of life (QoL) for many due to its extensive impacts. However, few studies have addressed the specific impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of adolescents, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study considered the impact of COVID-19–related PTSD on the QoL of adolescents in China, and the mediating effects of insomnia and the moderating effects of resilience. Participants included 50,666 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years selected using a comprehensive sampling method. We employed the Child Event Impact Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Psychological Resilience Scale, and Child and Adolescent Health-Related Quality of Life Scale for data collection. Male adolescents exhibited significantly lower levels of PTSD and insomnia compared to females, and scored significantly higher in psychological resilience and overall QoL. Insomnia played a mediating role between PTSD and QoL. Psychological resilience moderated the impact of COVID-19-related stress on adolescents’ QoL through its influence on insomnia. PTSD resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic affects the QoL of adolescents through the presence of insomnia. Psychological resilience plays a moderating role in this process. Cultivating psychological resilience in adolescents can effectively enhance their ability to cope with the impacts of sudden public events.
Exploring the Potentials of S4, A Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator, in Glioblastoma Multiforme Therapy
Authors: Yavuz Mervenur , Demircan Turan
Published: January 2024

Background
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) ranks among the prevalent neoplastic diseases globally, presenting substantial challenges in therapeutic management. Traditional modalities, encompassing surgical excision, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, have yielded suboptimal response rates in GBM due to its intrinsic pathological resistance. This underscores the imperative for identifying novel molecular targets to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Literature indicates a notable correlation between androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways and GBM pathogenesis. Consequently, to mitigate the adverse effects associated with androgenic modulation of AR, the scientific community has pivoted towards the synthesis of non-steroidal anabolic agents known as selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). Among these, S4, a relatively unexplored SARM with favorable oral bioavailability has emerged as a candidate of interest.
Methods and Results
This investigation substantiates the anti-oncogenic potential of S4 in both temozolomide-responsive and -resistant GBM cellular models through comprehensive cellular and molecular evaluations. We observed a marked restriction in GBM cell viability, growth, and motility, coupled with an induction of apoptotic pathways, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cellular senescence. Additionally, S4 exposure precipitated the upregulation of genes associated with apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage response, and senescence, while concurrently downregulating those involved in cellular proliferation.
Conclusion
Future research endeavors are warranted to delineate the precise mechanisms underpinning S4's actions, assess its antineoplastic effects in vivo, and evaluate its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
Epidemiology of bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Switzerland, 2015-2022: secular trends and association with the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Damonti Lauro , Gasser Michael , Andreas Kronenberg , Buetti Niccolò
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The association between the COVID-19 pandemic and the incidence of invasive infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms remains a topic of debate. The aim of this study was to analyse the national incidence rates of bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by Escherichia coli (EC) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistance (ESCR) in two distinct regions in Switzerland, each exhibiting varying antimicrobial resistance patterns and that were impacted differently by the pandemic.
Methods: We analysed data of positive blood cultures prospectively collected by the nationwide surveillance system (ANRESIS) from January 1, 2015, to August 31, 2022. To explore the potential relationship between COVID-19 patient occupancy and ESCR incidence rates, we conducted an in-depth analysis over the two-year pandemic period from April 1, 2020, to March 30, 2022. We employed Quasi-Poisson and logistic regression analyses to investigate these associations.
Results: During the study period, a total of 40997 EC-BSI and 8537 KP-BSI episodes were collected and reported to ANRESIS by the participating hospitals. ESCR was observed in 11% (n=4313) of E. coli and 8% (n=664) of K. pneumoniae, respectively. A significant reduction in ESCR-EC BSI incidence occurred during the pandemic in the region with the highest COVID-19 incidence. Conversely, ESCR-KP BSI incidence initially fell considerably and then increased during the pandemic in both regions; however, this effect was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: In the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, a decrease in ESCR rates was observed, particularly in ESCR-EC BSI within the most heavily impacted region.
Causal Association between Skin Cancer and Immune Cells: Mendelian randomization (MR) study
Authors: Yin¹ Wei , Li¹ Ruilei , Zhang¹ Zhaoqi , Wang¹ Ying , Tang¹ Xinghua , Zhu¹ Lin , Yao¹ Hong , Li¹ Ke
Published: January 2024

Background:Numerous meta-analyses and clinical studies have shown that subtypes of immune cells are associated with the development of skin cancer, but it is not clear whether this association is causal or biased. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis reduces the effect of confounding factors and improves the accuracy of the results when compared to traditional studies. Thus, in order to examine the causal relationship between various immune cell and skin cancer, this study employs two-sample MR.
Methods:This study assesses the causal association between 731 immune cell characteristics and skin cancer using a two-sample Mendel randomization (MR) methodology. Multiple MR methods were used to bias and to derive reliable estimates of causality between instrumental variables and outcomes. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were used to validate the stability, heterogeneity and horizontal multiplicity of the results.
Results:We discovered that potential causal relationships between different types of immune cells and skin cancer disease. Specifically, one type of immune cell as potentially causal to malignant melanoma of skin (MM), eight different types of immune cells as potentially causal to basal cell carcinoma (BCC), four different types of immune cells as potentially causal to actinic keratosis (AK), and no different types of immune cells were found to have a potential causal association with squamous cell carcinoma（SCC）, with stability in all of the results.
Conclusion:This study demonstrates the close connection between immune cells and skin cancer disease by genetic means, which enriches the current knowledge about the role of immune cells in skin cancer and also contributes to the design of therapeutic strategies from an immunological perspective.
Generalized form of vectorial laws of reflection and refraction and application to meta material
Authors: Debnath Anchal , Bhattacharjee Debajyoti , Debnath Chandan
Published: January 2024

This communication presents the generalized laws of reflection and refraction in vectorial form with simple derivation. A few relations related to reflection and refraction in vectorial form have been included. The photon theory as well as the principle of conservation of momentum has been used for the derivation of these vectorial laws of reflection and refraction. The application of these laws in metamaterial has been discussed.
Inhibition of MicroRNA-129-5p Promotes Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Kaurani Lalit , Zhou Jiayin , Pradhan Ranjit , Schröder Sophie , Burkhardt Susanne , Schuetz Anna-Lena , Delalle Ivana , Rizzu Patrizia , Heutink Peter , Sananbenesi Farahnaz , Fischer Andre
Published: January 2024

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain to deteriorate over time. This leads to changes in behavior, language problems, and a loss of mental abilities. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, including FTD, which suggests that they could be used as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We looked at smallRNA sequencing data from the frontal and temporal brain tissue of FTD patients with mutations in the MAPT, GRN, or C9orf72 genes, as well as brain tissue from people without dementia. The objective of this study was to find out what role miR-129-5p plays in FTD. We discovered that miR-129-5p was abundant in neurons, and knocking it out in a neuron-glia mixed culture increased neuroinflammation and was linked to astrocyte activation. When astrocytes without miR-129-5p were cultured with primary neurons, it had a negative effect on synaptic plasticity. Inhibiting miR-129-5p in mice resulted in hippocampus-dependent learning memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction. This study emphasizes the role of miR-129-5p in regulating neuronal activity and its potential as a therapeutic target for FTD. The results show that miR-129-5p plays a crucial role in controlling neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity in FTD. The research sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying FTD and reveals potential therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.
Follow-up of Secundum ASD, Muscular VSD, or PDA Diagnosed During Newborn Hospitalization
Authors: Faultersack Jacob , Johnstad Christine , Zhang Xiao , Greco Margaret , hokanson john
Published: January 2024

Background: The ideal follow-up of neonates who have a secundum atrial septal defect (ASD), muscular ventricular septal defect (VSD) or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) remains uncertain.
Methods: Newborns with findings limited to a secundum ASD, muscular VSD and/or PDA on their last birth hospital echocardiogram and at least one outpatient follow-up echocardiogram performed between 9-1-17 and 9-1-21 were evaluated and patient follow-up assessed through 9-1-23.
Results: 95 babies met inclusion criteria. 43 babies had a secundum ASD, 41 had a muscular VSD and 54 had a PDA at newborn hospital discharge. 39/95 had more than one intracardiac shunt. 56 were discharged from care, 26 were still in follow-up and 13 were lost to recommended follow-up.
No patients required intervention during the follow-up period of 2 to 6 years. Of those 43 with a secundum ASD 16 (37.2%) had demonstrated closure of the ASD and 13 (30.2%) were discharged from care with and ASD < 3.5 mm in diameter. 3/43 infants with secundum ASD had a defect large enough to easily warrant further follow-up.
Conclusion: Even in this group who had early clinical follow-up recommended by a pediatric cardiologist, no baby discharged from their birth hospitalization with a secundum ASD, muscular VSD or PDA needed any intervention from 2 to 6 years of follow-up. Ongoing follow-up with echocardiography of those infants with a secundum ASD is of greater value than of those with muscular VSD or PDA.
Motivating Creativity - Creating Motivation
Authors: Baermann Maren
Published: January 2024

We live in challenging times. And to flourish in these times and work towards a sustainable future, I believe creativity is the best instrument we have. I see creativity as the magic ingredient for complexity competence, that is, the ability to navigate complex contexts. Thus, my goal is to enable people, teams, and organizations to be more creative. When we create truly agile work settings, these three levers are addressed astonishingly well. When they are mishandled, however, they can turn highly creative and well-motivated teams into mobs of zombies who are merely doing their jobs by the book, failing to think and find solutions for themselves.
How Do Ideas Change the World? Patterns in Social Innovation
Authors: Enthoven Guido
Published: January 2024

Social innovations are everywhere. Examples of social innovations are grand ideas like human rights, suffrage, parliament, separation of powers, but also more concrete innovations as Red Cross, mediation, carpooling, street art and energy cooperations. The field of social innovation has developed primarily as a field of trial and error, but there has been relatively little attention to its history, theory and working mechanisms. The central question in this chapter is: What are patterns in social innovations? Is it possible to ‘peel off’ social innovations to their basic working mechanisms and to identify patterns in social innovations on vitalising democracy, environmental policy, reducing crime, or creating employment? This article starts with a definition of social innovation and a description of the various sectors in society which play a role in social innovation. Attention is focussed on the process and the diffusion of social innovation. The core of this chapter is a list of 33 patterns in social innovations like: communicate, represent, collect, exchange, equalize, cooperate, share, celebrate, regulate, control, insure, standardize, protect, separate, choose, experiment and grow. The list is completed with concrete examples of social innovations throughout the ages. Clustered, there are four basic mechanisms that include most of the found patterns: Secure, Divide, Connect and Evolve. Finally, some concluding remarks are being made, especially about the role of networks in innovation and the possible impact of using these patterns in future social innovation.
The Knowledge Work of the Future and the Future of Knowledge Work: Creativity and Innovation in Action
Authors: Jevnaker Birgit Helene , Olaisen Johan
Published: January 2024

Purpose – Our paper investigates what forms the knowledge work design on a corporate level in the future. Design and methodology – The methodology includes 20 in depth interviews with researchers working with these issues in the Swedish telecommunication company Telia and the Norwegian telecommunication company Telenor. These companies make their living from understanding the future of work on a corporate and societal level. The research is multiple evidence based and triangulated. Findings – The main finding is that AI and robotics will be more advanced, but the main changes will be in management and organizational structure. The work will be done more as distance work and through virtual teams. The management and organization of work through the coronavirus have opened for more work done independent of time and the workplace and in virtual teams. There is also predicted a lack of professionals and all types of employees in the years to come, leading both to compete for talent and increased importance in keeping the employed knowledge workers through internal career pipelines. AI and robotics will not reduce the need for professionals and employees. The steps will be taken one by one toward an integrated digitalization that makes new opportunities for collaboration, communication, and knowledge work. The fundamental knowledge worker will be using more of his working time on significant business issues. The skills needed are technical, information management, knowledge management, project management, collaboration, communication, rhetoric, virtual team, creativity, and green problem-solving skills. There is a corporate need for ethical, cultural, and sexual awareness. We may summarize the requirements as creative, sustainable, social, and perception manipulation intelligence. The knowledge of the future will be complex, and the knowledge worker will handle multiple skills in different situations. The future work will be dominated by increasingly autonomous workers co-opting automated digital systems to create and capture value. Discussion – The environmental issues and the climate crisis will be taken very seriously in the coming years. There will be cooperation between the political and corporate economies to do whatever is possible for sustainability in all internal and external processes to work greener and more creative, and innovative. We will experience sustainability driven by green leadership through a green strategy and green business models giving green services and products, reusing as much as possible, and using as few resources as possible to reduce CO2. The number of bullshit jobs will however increase and the value and content of work itself will be questionable for a new work generation.
Co-creation and Convergence - The Methodology for Designing the Migrant Integration Platform MICADO
Authors: Noennig Jörg Rainer , Cserpes Balazs , Ceola Francesca , Barski Jan , Brandenburger Klara-Maria , Malchow Marie
Published: January 2024

The article reports about the development of the platform MICADO, a Horizon2020 innovation action, that merged approaches in business intelligence, data analytics and visualisation in support of migrant integration management in European cities. The resulting application addresses public authorities, civil society organisations, and migrants alike, providing multilateral information access, data exchange, and navigation for all involved stakeholders and institutions. Resting on the hypothesis that co-creation among user groups plus data integration across departmental silos enables high-quality service provision for migrant education, housing, labour, and health, a novel project methodology was created that focussed on custom-tailored co-design and convergence activities. These formats substantially helped to collect, analyse, and streamline the requirements raised by the variety of local stakeholders and use cases. The new methodolody ensured the co-creation of a location-agnostic universal solution, its diversification into locally specific solutions, and its parallel pilot application in four cities. The MICADO approach may thus present a promising blueprint for agile and responsive IT development in the sphere of publication services.
Joint distribution of currents in the symmetric exclusion process
Authors: Grabsch Aurélien , Rizkallah Pierre , Bénichou Olivier
Published: January 2024

The symmetric simple exclusion process (SEP) is a paradigmatic model of diffusion in a single-file geometry, in which the particles cannot cross. In this model, the study of currents have attracted a lot of attention. In particular, the distribution of the integrated current through the origin, and more recently, of the integrated current through a moving reference point, have been obtained in the long time limit. This latter observable is particularly interesting, as it allows to obtain the distribution of the position of a tracer particle. However, up to now, these different observables have been considered independently. Here, we characterise the joint statistical properties of these currents, and their correlations with the density of particles. We show that the correlations satisfy closed integral equations, which generalise the ones obtained recently for a single observable. We also obtain boundary conditions verified by these correlations, which take a simple physical form for any single-file system. As a consequence of our results, we quantify the correlations between the displacement of a tracer, and the integrated current of particles through the origin.
Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT) Associated with AstraZeneca Vaccine: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Naeem Babar , Saleem Junaid , Qureshi Mamoon Akbar
Published: January 2024

Several vaccines have been approved to be used during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, serious concerns have been raised due to vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) reported with the AstraZeneca vaccine. This study is done to assess the vaccine's safety and summarize the background, evaluation, and management of a patient with VITT. Employing a meticulous literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords such as "AstraZeneca," "COVID-19 vaccine," "Clot," "Clots," "Thrombosis," and "Thrombus formation" in various combinations, 34 resources were identified, with 11 containing primary data on 28 documented VITT cases. The analysis revealed a gender distribution of 28.6% male and 71.4% female, spanning ages 22 to 74 years (median: 36 years). VITT symptoms manifested within 1 to 17 days post-vaccination. The predominant thrombotic sites were Central Venous Thrombosis, Splenic Vein Thrombosis, and Pulmonary Embolism. Notably, 46.4% of cases showed improvement, while 53.6% resulted in fatalities. This research underscores the rare but serious risk of vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia associated with AstraZeneca vaccination, highlighting the importance of continued vigilance and monitoring in the ongoing global vaccination campaigns.
Sensitivity of sustainable urban drainage systems to precipitation events and malfunctions
Authors: Funke Fabian , Kleidorfer Manfred
Published: January 2024

In recent years, sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDSs) have become increasingly popular, sometimes taking over large parts of conventional stormwater management. SUDSs are usually designed using simple design procedures based on statistical rainfall data, without long-term simulations or real rainfall events. In addition, there is little experience of how SUDS respond to potential failures and malfunctions, often caused by ageing infrastructure and lack of asset management. Based on these two factors influencing the hydrological performance of SUDS, this study investigates the sensitivity of seven different SUDSs to rainfall events and malfunctions. The study was conducted using the SWMM 5.2 modeling software and the low impact development (LID) module was implemented for a period of 60 years. The SUDS are studied as individual infrastructure and as part of a small urban catchment. The results show that only the green roofs and rainwater cisterns have a statistically significant correlation between the length and return period of rain events and runoff values, with higher correlations for longer rain events. In contrast, the failures and malfunctions investigated can have a significant impact on the hydrological performance of SUDS. In particular, the design return period of SUDS was occasionally significantly exceeded for the strong malfunction scenarios studied.
Predicting the peak flow and assessing the hydrologic hazard of the Kessem Dam, Ethiopia using machine learning and risk management centre-reservoir frequency analysis software
Authors: Ayele Elias Gebeyehu , Ergete Esayas Tesfaye , Geremew Getachew Bereta
Published: January 2024

Flooding due to overtopping during peak flow in embankment dams primarily causes dam failure. The Kessem River watershed of the Awash basin in the Rift Valley of the Afar region in Ethiopia was studied intricately to predict the causes of the Kessem Dam safety using machine learning predictive models and risk management centre-reservoir frequency analysis. Recently developed recurrent neural network predictive models with hybrid Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) were used for simulation of river flow. Peak daily inflow to the reservoir is predicted to be 467.72, 435.88, and 513.55 m3/s in 2035, 2061, and 2090, respectively. The hydrologic hazard analysis results show 2,823.57 m3/s and 935.21 m; 2,126.3 m3/s and 934.18 m; and 11,491.1 m3/s and 942.11 m peak discharge and maximum reservoir water level during the periods of 2022–2050, 2051–2075, and 2076–2100, respectively, for 0.0001 annual exceedance probability. The Kessem Dam may potentially be overtopped by a flood with a return period of about 10,000 years during the period of 2076–2100. Quantitative hydrologic risk assessment of the dam is used for dam safety evaluation to decide whether the existing structure provides an adequate level of safety, and if not, what modifications are necessary to improve the dam's safety.
Profiling and evaluation of phenolic compounds in olive mill wastewater in Jordan
Authors: Abu Shmeis Reham M. , Tarawneh Ibrahim N. , Issa Amneh T.
Published: January 2024

Phenolic compounds (PCs) are prevalent in olive mill wastewater (OMW), offering numerous health benefits but concurrently posing environmental challenges. This study aims to comprehensively characterize PCs in OMW, both qualitatively and quantitatively. An accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective method was successfully developed for extracting and quantifying seven PCs in OMW. The extraction procedure was optimized to achieve the maximum recovery using a liquid-liquid extraction method. Concentrations of the identified PCs were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The seven PCs peaks were successfully separated on an RP-C8 column within a 23-minute runtime using a gradient mobile phase. The method underwent thorough validation, producing satisfactory results. Subsequently, the developed method was applied to analyze OMW from four olive mills in Jordan, revealing PC concentrations ranging from 139 to 430 mg/L. Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol were identified as the most abundant compounds. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) separated and identified forty PCs. The total phenolic content was quantified, reaching a value of 1839 mg/L. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was assessed, yielding a maximum value of 95.8%. These results underscore the substantial levels of PCs in OMW, highlighting the importance of economically utilizing this water.
Scientific review of the materials of the 4th All-Russian Forum on Economic Security in Tyumen
Authors: Skipin Dmitry L. , Koltsova Tatyana A.
Published: January 2024

April 22, 2023 was the final day of the 4th All-Russian Forum on Economic Security in Tyumen, organized by the University of Tyumen (namely, the Department of Economic Security, System Analysis and Control, the Financial and Economic Institute) together with the International Network AML/CFT Institute and International Training and Methodological Center for Financial Monitoring. The forum has become a platform for communication, discussion, exchange of opinions and experience in the sphere of economic security of the country, region, organizations of different types of activity, individuals, forming strategies of economic security. The program of the forum was rich, starting with the plenary session, panel discussion, round tables, master classes and communication session for practitioners and finishing with workshops for schoolchildren.
State of mind as a component of youth’s social well-being
Authors: Diakova Vera V. , Kargapolova Ekaterina V. , Petrova Polina I.
Published: January 2024

The study of social well-being has become increasingly important in the modern Russian society, as people seek answers to questions about the unity of values and stable development of social system. One aspect of social well-being is a state of mind, which reflects the formation of meaning-of-life orientations. In the scientific literature, multiple methodologies have been employed in the examination of the categories of “social well-being” and “state of mind”, as well as their interconnection. The interdisciplinary study of these phenomena has been fragmented due to the lack of a unified concept, social, economic, and political challenges. However, the thesis on the position of state of minds in the structure of social well-being and their relation to individual social objects such as personality, group, and community is a promising area of research. The article presents the results of an empirical study conducted through a questionnaire survey among young people in Moscow and Moscow region. According to the findings of the research, respondents reported the lowest levels of state of mind during their adolescence and youth. However, they reported higher levels of state of mind during childhood and when contemplating their future (adulthood and old age). Women tend to assess their state of mind more positively than men. Older age groups are more optimistic about their future. The study also found a connection between the financial situation of respondents’ families and their state of mind at different stages of life. The article concludes that young people assess their state of mind higher when they achieve independence. These results can be useful for specialists dealing with problems of juvenology, representatives of authorities, public organizations, and young people themselves.
The state and development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian Federation
Authors: Zakharova Kristina A. , Muravev Danil A. , Zheurova Ekaterina G.
Published: January 2024

The paper analyzes the state of development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian Federation in the context of key indicators: the number of subjects, financial results, turnover and average number of employees. The purpose of the study is to assess the state of development of small and medium-sized enterprises in modern economic conditions. The research methodology is based on the application of statistical dynamic analysis. To visualize the development of the economic situation, the method of graphic images was applied. The results of the analysis showed that, in general, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises is increasing. Nevertheless, the structure of such growth is heterogeneous. In particular, it was confirmed that the greatest contribution to the increase in the number of SMEs is made by microenterprises. The results of statistical analysis can be used in building a comprehensive policy to manage the level of SME development, including the selection of support tools.
The role of TV series in the life of young people
Authors: Kicherova Marina N. , Borodkina Alexandra A.
Published: January 2024

This scientific article examines the influence of TV series on the youth audience. The main objective is to evaluate the subjective experience and effects of TV series on young people. The study utilizes both quantitative and qualitative methods, including secondary analysis of sociological survey data from a representative all-Russian sample (VTsIOM survey, N = 1,600 people, DataTile research, N = 1,085 people) and a series of six focus groups with informants aged 16 to 35. The research reveals viewer preferences and the frequency of TV series consumption among the youth audience. It was found that young people predominantly watch foreign TV series in the sitcom/comedy, detective, and drama genres, which significantly impacts their leisure practices, alters their attitudes towards sports (with an interest in chess and hockey), influences investment activities, aids in language learning, and enhances certain professional skills. The focus groups indicate that informants are aware of the romanticization of bad habits portrayed in TV series, but they do not perceive the depiction of cruelty as dangerous. However, they negatively evaluate long-term "immersion in the illusory world" of TV series as a potential psychological dependence. Based on the subjective attitudes towards TV series, the authors acknowledge both the positive and negative impacts on the lifestyle, views, and value orientations of young people.
Townspeople and villagers: The role of the family in the socialization of SSE students
Authors: Shirokalova Galina S. , Dulina Nadezhda V. , Pronina Elena I.
Published: January 2024

The institution of the family in Russia is undergoing transformation, but in comparison with the family of Western society it remains a fairly traditional social institution. According to the results of sociological research, the moral values and moral norms preserved by older generations are oriented toward the performance of reproductive, educational, controlling, communicative, recreational, emotional functions in the process of socialization of new generations, but their content is adjusted by both family and external factors. The purpose of the work is to identify the specifics of the role of urban and rural families in the socialization of students of secondary specialized educational institutions (SVE). In the course of the study of the Russian Society of Sociologists "Cultural traditions and connections of generations" in 2022, students of the secondary vocational education in Russia, mainly studying in 1st–3rd courses (technical, socio-economic, natural sciences, humanities and other specialties), were interviewed. The survey was conducted using an online questionnaire via Google forms. The results were processed by the "Vortex" software package. From the entire population, students whose primary socialization took place in large cities/the capital of the Russian Federation (388 people) and in countryside/villages (365 people), were selected. The novelty of the study is that the respondents gave self-esteem and assessment of the generation of "fathers" and "grandfathers", which made it possible to identify a reflection of the dynamics of social changes in family society. The authors provide empirical data proving that modern families of students differ significantly from the families of their parents’ youth, and even more so the families of their grandparents. Young people use the experience of their relatives in their daily lives in a peculiar way. Some traditions and skills of generations, attributes of everyday life are becoming a thing of the past, becoming more and more exclusive in the new reality. The process of transformation of family relations is objective. The latest technologies, causing the emergence of new types of employment, changes in educational and communication institutions, an increase in the share of workers in the service sector, encouragement of migration, and the interpenetration of cultures are fundamentally new conditions for all stages of individual socialization.
GLP-1/GLP-1RAs: New Options for the Drug Treatment of NAFLD
Authors: Jiang Haoran , Zang Linquan
Published: January 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently emerged as a global public health concern. Currently, the cornerstone of NAFLD treatment is lifestyle modification and, if necessary, weight loss. However, compliance is a challenge, and this approach alone may not be sufficient to halt and treat the more serious disease development, so medication is urgently needed. Nevertheless, no medicines are approved to treat NAFLD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an enteropeptide hormone that inhibits glucagon synthesis, promotes insulin secretion, and delays gastric emptying. GLP-1 has been found in recent studies to be beneficial for the management of NAFLD, and the marketed GLP-1 agonist drugs have different degrees of effectiveness for NAFLD while lowering blood glucose. In this article, we review GLP-1 and its physiological roles, the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the correlation between NAFLD and GLP-1 signaling, and potential strategies for GLP-1 treatment of NAFLD.
Pemodelan Pengendalian Banjir Di Kali Hardisingat Kabupaten Kediri Menggunakan HEC-RAS 6.2
Authors: Saskarina S Aurelia , Dian Sisinggih  , Linda Prasetyorini
Published: January 2024

Banjir akibat luapan Kali Hardisingat merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang masih belum dapat terselesaikan di Kabupaten Kediri diakibatkan oleh intensitas hujan tinggi. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis debit banjir rancangan pada Q25 untuk mengetahui kondisi banjir eksisting dan kapasitas eksisting penampang Kali Hardisingat. Desain penampang sungai akan direncanakan apabila penampang eksisting tidak dapat menampung debit banjir rancangan pada Q25. Pemodelan dilakukan sepanjang 7km pada bagian tegah menuju hilir Kali Hardisingat dengan melakukan proses kalibrasi menggunakan data observasi kejadian banjir. Desain penampang yang direncanakan yaitu normalisasi sungai sepanjang ±4,3 km dengan lebar sebesar 15-18 m. Selain itu dimodelkan pula tanggul urukan dengan ketinggian maksimum setinggi 2m. Pemodelan tersebut menggunakan line modification pada fitur Ras Mapper Hec-Ras 6.2 dengan melakukan pemodelan unsteady flow simulation dan didapatkan hasil bahwa pemodelan banjir menggunakan normalisasi dan tanggul dapat mereduksi banjir pada Q25 di sepanjang pemodelan Kali Hardisingat. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu rekomendasi alternatif perencanaan pengendalian banjir berupa normalisasi dan tanggul, serta analisis mengenai stabilitas tanggul yang direncanakan