bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hindu Temples and the Emanating Cosmos
Authors: Hardy Adam
Published: March 2016

A recurrent idea in Indian philosophical, theological, and mythological systems is that of a universe manifested through a sequence of emanations. Diverse traditions of doctrine and practice share this vision of the progression from the one to the many. Temple designs often embody the same pattern. Within the diverse traditions of Indian temple architecture, an emanatory scheme is observable both in the formal structure of individual temple designs, which express a dynamic sequence of emergence and growth, and in the way in which temple forms develop throughout the course of such traditions. The canonical Sanskrit texts on architecture (Vastu Shastras) share this emanatory way of thinking, presenting varied temple typologies in which designs develop from simple to complex, emerging sequentially one from another. These texts provide a framework for design that demands interpretation and improvisation, while leading to results that are only partly determined by the individual architect. This contributes to a sense, powerfully established by the unfolding potential of the tradition of architectural practice, that a new temple design is svayambhu (self-manifesting) appearing through a cosmic process from a supra-human source.
A New Light on the Shadows of Heavenly Bodies
Authors: Oliveira Lopes Rui
Published: March 2016

The distinct tradition of Indian shadow puppetry has been the subject of much interest among scholars, focusing mainly on its origin, the mutual exchange between different regions across Asia, and the relationship between theater performance and popular culture. This study discusses the similarities of shadow puppets with temple mural painting and loose-leaf paintings, and shows how puppets may have shifted technically from narrative paintings on loose-leaf folios toward motion pictures, in order to create a more interactive link between the audience and the storyteller.

The first part of this paper explores the archetypal and psychological meanings of shadow in Indian culture and religion, as well as its relationship with the origins of painting. The main issues include archetypal references to the shadow of Hindu gods described in Vedic, epic, and Purāņic sources, the use of prototypes to transmit knowledge to humankind, and the analysis of shadow puppets as moving pictures. Secondly, the paper analyzes the materiality of puppets and their consistency with Indian aesthetics and art criticism in the form of theoretical principles found in classical texts and art treatises such as the Nāțyaśāstra, the Viṣṇudhārmottāra, and the Śilpaśāstra.
Lepidagathis boholensis, a new name of Philippine Acanthaceae
Authors: LIANG YI-SHUO , GENG SHIAN-TSAN , EVANGELISTA LUISITO T. , WANG JENN-CHE
Published: March 2016

A new name, Lepidagathis boholensis nom. nov., is proposed to replace the later homonym L. stenophylla Merr. Furthermore, a lectotype is also designated for the name Lepidagathis boholensis Y.S.Liang, S.T.Geng, L.T.Evangelista & J.C.Wang.
Southern Ocean Overturning Compensation in an Eddy-Resolving Climate Simulation
Authors: Bishop Stuart P. , Gent Peter R. , Bryan Frank O. , Thompson Andrew F. , Long Matthew C. , Abernathey Ryan
Published: March 2016

The Southern Ocean’s Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and meridional overturning circulation (MOC) response to increasing zonal wind stress is, for the first time, analyzed in a high-resolution (0.1° ocean and 0.25° atmosphere), fully coupled global climate simulation using the Community Earth System Model. Results from a 20-yr wind perturbation experiment, where the Southern Hemisphere zonal wind stress is increased by 50% south of 30°S, show only marginal changes in the mean ACC transport through Drake Passage—an increase of 6% [136–144 Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1)] in the perturbation experiment compared with the control. However, the upper and lower circulation cells of the MOC do change. The lower cell is more affected than the upper cell with a maximum increase of 64% versus 39%, respectively. Changes in the MOC are directly linked to changes in water mass transformation from shifting surface isopycnals and sea ice melt, giving rise to changes in surface buoyancy forcing. The increase in transport of the lower cell leads to upwelling of warm and salty Circumpolar Deep Water and subsequent melting of sea ice surrounding Antarctica. The MOC is commonly supposed to be the sum of two opposing components: a wind- and transient-eddy overturning cell. Here, the transient-eddy overturning is virtually unchanged and consistent with a large-scale cancellation of localized regions of both enhancement and suppression of eddy kinetic energy along the mean path of the ACC. However, decomposing the time-mean overturning into a time- and zonal-mean component and a standing-eddy component reveals partial compensation between wind-driven and standing-eddy components of the circulation.
India’s Possible Response to the Challenge of the Mega-regionals
Authors: Ciuriak Dan
Published: March 2016

The mega-regional trade agreements, particularly the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, and the Trade in Services Agreement, represent a new phenomenon for the global trading system. As major preferential trade agreements that involve the world’s largest economies (the United States and the European Union), they cover a large share of global trade and, thus, generate large spillover effects on non-parties to the negotiations. Further, the ambitious rule-making agenda shifts the locus of global rule-making and standard-setting from the inclusive World Trade Organization to the small number of participants in these negotiations. These rules and standards will shape markets and, thus, amplify the direct effect of discriminatory preferences. This article discusses the factors driving the mega-regionals, considers the significance of these negotiations for excluded parties, and suggests how India, in particular, might respond.
The “Cadillac Tax” on Health Benefits in the United States Will Hit the Middle Class Hardest
Authors: Woolhandler Steffie , Himmelstein David U.
Published: March 2016

U.S. employment-based health benefits are exempt from income and payroll taxes, an exemption that provided tax subsidies of $326.2 billion in 2015. Both liberal and conservative economists have denounced these subsidies as “regressive” and lauded a provision of the Affordable Care Act—the Cadillac Tax—that would curtail them. The claim that the subsidies are regressive rests on estimates showing that the affluent receive the largest subsidies in absolute dollars. But this claim ignores the standard definition of regressivity, which is based on the share of income paid by the wealthy versus the poor, rather than on dollar amounts. In this study, we calculate the value of tax subsidies in 2009 as a share of income for each income quintile and for the wealthiest Americans. In absolute dollars, tax subsidies were highest for families between the 80th and 95th percentiles of family income and lowest for the poorest 20%. However, as shares of income, subsidies were largest for the middle and fourth income quintiles and smallest for the wealthiest 0.5% of Americans. We conclude that the tax subsidy to employment-based insurance is neither markedly regressive, nor progressive. The Cadillac Tax will disproportionately harm families with (2009) incomes between $38,550 and $100,000, while sparing the wealthy.
Autophagy Modulates Cell Mineralization on Fluorapatite-Modified Scaffolds
Authors: Li Y. , Guo T. , Zhang Z. , Yao Y. , Chang S. , Nör J.E. , Clarkson B.H. , Ni L. , Liu J.
Published: March 2016

As a major intracellular degradation and recycling machinery, autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and remodeling during normal development. Our previous study showed that fluorapatite (FA) crystal-coated electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) was capable of inducing differentiation and mineralization of human dental pulp stem cells. However, how autophagy changes and whether autophagy plays a vital role during these processes is still unknown. In this study, we seeded STEMPRO human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on both PCL+FA and PCL scaffolds to investigate the osteogenic inductive ability of FA crystals and we observed the autophagy changes of these cells. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy images, along with DNA quantitation, showed that both PCL+FA and PCL scaffolds could sustain ASC growth but only the PCL+FA scaffold could sustain cell mineralization. This was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin red and Von Kossa staining results. The autophagy RT2 Profiler polymerase chain reaction array analysis showed many autophagy-related genes changes during ASC differentiation. Western blot analysis indicated that several autophagy-related proteins fluctuated during the procedure. Among them, the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II protein changes of the ASCs grown on the 2- or 3-dimensional environments at 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d reached a peak value at day 7 during osteogenesis. At earlier stages (from day 0 to day 3), the addition of autophagy inhibitors (3-mathyladenine, bafilomycin A1, and NH4Cl) attenuated the expression of osteogenic related markers (osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin red, and Von Kossa) compared with the control group. All data indicated that autophagy played an important role in ASC differentiation on the PCL+FA scaffold. Inhibition of autophagy before day 3 strongly inhibited osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of ASCs in the 3-dimensional model. This observation further elucidates the mechanism of autophagy in mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation.
Surface Engineering of Nanostructured Titanium Implants with Bioactive Ions
Authors: Kim H.-S. , Kim Y.-J. , Jang J.-H. , Park J.-W.
Published: March 2016

Surface nanofeatures and bioactive ion chemical modification are centrally important in current titanium (Ti) oral implants for enhancing osseointegration. However, it is unclear whether the addition of bioactive ions definitively enhances the osteogenic capacity of a nanostructured Ti implant. We systematically investigated the osteogenesis process of human multipotent adipose stem cells triggered by bioactive ions in the nanostructured Ti implant surface. Here, we report that bioactive ion surface modification (calcium [Ca] or strontium [Sr]) and resultant ion release significantly increase osteogenic activity of the nanofeatured Ti surface. We for the first time demonstrate that ion modification actively induces focal adhesion development and expression of critical adhesion–related genes (vinculin, talin, and RHOA) of human multipotent adipose stem cells, resulting in enhanced osteogenic differentiation on the nanofeatured Ti surface. It is also suggested that fibronectin adsorption may have only a weak effect on early cellular events of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at least in the case of the nanostructured Ti implant surface incorporating Sr. Moreover, results indicate that Sr overrides the effect of Ca and other important surface factors (i.e., surface area and wettability) in the osteogenesis function of various MSCs (derived from human adipose, bone marrow, and murine bone marrow). In addition, surface engineering of nanostructured Ti implants using Sr ions is expected to exert additional beneficial effects on implant bone healing through the proper balancing of the allocation of MSCs between adipogenesis and osteogenesis. This work provides insight into the future surface design of Ti dental implants using surface bioactive ion chemistry and nanotopography.
Compressive deformation and load of a spacer filament in a warp-knitted spacer fabric
Authors: Chen Mei-yu , Lai Kan , Sun Run-jun , Zhao Wei-zhao , Chen Xin
Published: March 2016

The compressive deformation and load of a spacer filament in a warp-knitted spacer fabric was analyzed theoretically in this work. It was found that the compression process of the spacer filament can be divided into four stages, including a Stiff Stage, an Elastic Stage, a Restful Stage, and an Ineffective Stage. Based on the theoretical analysis of the compressive displacement and the radius of the spacer filament at different stages, as well as the bending moment of the spacer filament during compression, the relationship between the critical compressive load at different stages and the structural parameters of the spacer filament in a warp-knitted spacer fabric was found. Furthermore, plane plate compression experiments for spacer filaments were designed and tested to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Need for Intensive Nutrition Care After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Bétry Cécile , Disse Emmanuel , Chambrier Cécile , Barnoud Didier , Gelas Patrick , Baubet Sandrine , Laville Martine , Pelascini Elise , Robert Maud
Published: March 2016

Severe nutrition complications after bariatric surgery remain poorly described. The aim of this case series was to identify specific factors associated with nutrition complications after bariatric surgery and to characterize their nutrition disorders. We retrospectively reviewed all people referred to the clinical nutrition intensive care unit of our university hospital after bariatric surgery from January 2013 to June 2015. Twelve persons who required artificial nutrition supplies (ie, enteral nutrition or parenteral nutrition) were identified. Seven persons underwent a “one‐anastomosis gastric bypass” (OAGB) or “mini gastric bypass,” 2 underwent a Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, 2 had a sleeve gastrectomy, and 1 had an adjustable gastric band. This case series suggests that OAGB could overexpose subjects to severe nutrition complications requiring intensive nutrition care and therefore cannot be considered a “mini” bariatric surgery. Even if OAGB is often considered a simplified surgical technique, it obviously requires as the other standard bariatric procedures a close follow‐up by experimented teams aware of its specific complications.
Nutrition Delivery Affects Outcomes in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Wong Judith Ju‐Ming , Han Wee Meng , Sultana Rehena , Loh Tsee Foong , Lee Jan Hau
Published: March 2016

Background: Malnutrition is prevalent in critically ill children. We aim to describe nutrition received by children with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to determine whether provision of adequate nutrition is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: We studied characteristics and outcomes of 2 groups of patients: (1) those who received adequate calories (defined as ≥80% of predicted resting energy expenditure) and (2) those who received adequate protein (defined as ≥1.5g/kg/d of protein). Outcomes of interest were mortality, ventilator‐free days (VFDs), intensive care unit (ICU)–free days, multiorgan dysfunction, and need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Categorical variables were analyzed using the Fisher exact test, and continuous variables were analyzed using the Mann‐Whitney U test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify associated risk factors related to these outcomes of interest. Results: In total, 107 patients with ARDS were identified. There was a reduction in ICU mortality in patients who received adequate calories (34.6% vs 60.5%, P = .025) and adequate protein (14.3% vs 60.2%, P = .002) compared with those that did not. Patients with adequate protein intake also had more VFDs (median [interquartile range], 12 [3.0–19.0] vs 0 [0.0–14.8] days; P = .005). After adjusting for severity of illness, adequate protein remained significantly associated with decreased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.09 [0.01–0.94]; P = .044). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that adequate nutrition delivery in children with ARDS was associated with improved clinical outcomes. Protein delivery may have potentially more impact than overall caloric delivery.
Disentangling the Fairness & Discrimination and Synergy Perspectives on Diversity Climate
Authors: Dwertmann David J. G. , Nishii Lisa H. , van Knippenberg Daan
Published: March 2016

We provide a theory-driven review of empirical research in diversity climate to identify a number of problems with the current state of the science as well as a research agenda to move the field forward. The core issues we identify include (a) the fact that diversity climate is typically treated as unidimensional, whereas diversity research would suggest that there are two major perspectives that could be reflected in diversity climate—efforts to ensure equal employment opportunity and the absence of discrimination versus efforts to create synergy from diversity; (b) a tendency to let the level of analysis (individual psychological climate or shared team or organizational climate) be dictated by convenience rather than by careful theoretical consideration, thus sidestepping key issues for research concerning the causes and consequences of the sharedness, or lack thereof, of diversity climate perceptions; and (c) the tendency to include diversity attitudes and other nonclimate elements in climate measures even though they are different from climate both conceptually and in their antecedents and consequences. The research agenda we advance suggests a need both for different operationalizations and for new research questions in diversity climate, diversity, and relational demography research.
A Review of Self-Determination Theory’s Basic Psychological Needs at Work
Authors: Van den Broeck Anja , Ferris D. Lance , Chang Chu-Hsiang , Rosen Christopher C.
Published: March 2016

Self-determination theory (SDT) conceptualizes basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness as innate and essential for ongoing psychological growth, internalization, and well-being. We broadly review the literature on basic psychological need satisfaction at work with three more specific aims: to test SDT’s requirement that each basic psychological need should uniquely predict psychological growth, internalization, and well-being; to test whether use of an overall need satisfaction measure is appropriate; and to test whether the scale used to assess basic psychological needs influenced our results. To this end, we conducted a meta-analytic review of 99 studies with 119 distinct samples examining the antecedents and consequences of basic need satisfaction. We conclude with recommendations for addressing issues arising from our review and also identify points for future research, including the study of need frustration and culture, integrating the basic needs with other motivation theories, and a caution regarding the measures and methods used.
Educational Gradients and Pathways of Disability Onset Among Older Mexicans
Authors: Saenz Joseph L. , Wong Rebeca
Published: March 2016

Introduction:

Educational disparities research is less common in developing countries. We evaluate whether educational gradients of disability onset exist in Mexico across groups (birth cohort and sex) and whether the association is unexplained or indirect via health (health behaviors, chronic conditions, and self-rated health) or economic (income, wealth, and health insurance) pathways.

Method:

Data come from the Mexican Health & Aging study. Activities of daily living are reported in 2001, 2003, and 2012 by respondents and spouses aged 50+ ( N = 9,560). Groups are analyzed using logistic regression to test education–disability onset associations.

Results:

Significant education–ADL onset associations were observed across groups, and much of these associations were direct (unexplained by pathways). Indirect effects operated primarily through the health pathway.

Discussion:

Those with less education were disadvantaged in terms of disability across birth cohorts and sex. Unexplained effects of education may suggest unobserved mediators or differential returns to resources by educational level.
Racial Disparities in Functional Limitations Among Hispanic Women in the United States
Authors: Chinn Juanita J. , Hummer Robert A.
Published: March 2016

This article assesses whether there are race differences in functional health among Hispanic women in the United States; ascertains whether the race differences in functional health vary by age; and examines the extent to which race differences in functional health are attributable to key dimensions of demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic heterogeneity. The analysis is based on 15 years of aggregated data from the National Health Interview Survey. Both U.S.- and foreign-born Black and other race Hispanic women display a higher level of functional limitations than their White Hispanic counterparts. There is little evidence that such health differences widen with age. U.S.-born Black Hispanic women, however, suffer from a high burden of functional limitations across the adult age range. This research speaks to the need for greater attention to racial differences in health among Hispanics and particularly so within the U.S.-born segment of this rapidly aging population.
A Study of Impact of Ownership Structure and Disclosure Quality on Information Asymmetry in Iran
Authors: Shiri Mahmoud Mousavi , Salehi Mahdi , Radbon Ali
Published: March 2016

Executive Summary

Capital market uses financial information with high disclosure quality, and this information can influence capital market decision-making. Corporate governance research shows that ownership structure can influence financial reporting quality, and thus play an effective role in capital market decision-making.

The main purpose of the current study is to examine the impact of ownership structure and disclosure quality on the information asymmetry phenomenon among the listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Ownership structure (including ownership concentration and institutional ownership) and disclosure quality (including reliability and timeliness) are considered as independent variables, and their impact is examined on the dependent variable (information asymmetry). Consistent with extant literature, bid-ask spread is used as a proxy variable for information asymmetry.

The statistical results, based on data collected from 102 listed companies on the TSE during 2007–2014, revealed positive impact of ownership structure and negative impact of disclosure quality on information asymmetry. These results show that information asymmetry is less in firms that published more reliable and timely information, and is more in firms with more concentrated ownership structure, higher institutional ownership, and lower disclosure quality. In other words, reliability and timeliness of information have a positive role in stock price identification and close-up views of the buyer and seller in TSE.

Findings of this article can assist accounting researchers and theoreticians in comparing real world facts with hypotheses developed with respect to ownership structure, disclosure quality, and information asymmetry. By increasing transparency in the capital markets, market participants, decision-makers, financial analysts, and potential investors are aided in their analysis of plans for investments in financial assets.
The material practices of quantification: Measuring ‘deprivation’ in the Amsterdam Neighbourhood Policy
Authors: de Wilde Mandy , Franssen Thomas
Published: March 2016

The use of indicators and indexes in social policy, as part of evidence-based policy, is understood by governmentality scholars as ‘techniques of governance’. However, we know very little about how the process of quantification is enacted in the material practices that constitute social policy itself. In this article we focus on a particular quantified object: the ‘Normal Amsterdam Level’ (NAP), used in an Amsterdam Neighbourhood Policy programme. We follow the NAP from its birth, to its life and its afterlife. We show that the qualification ‘deprived’ calls forth a whole set of problematic arrangements which are lost in a process of quantification. We understand the NAP as a generative device that actively assembles and arranges the world. These assemblages are rendered ‘hard’ through semiotic, statistical and visual techniques that produce facts about targeted neighbourhoods in relation to a city-wide average, thus serving as evidence and legitimisation for policy interventions.
Intoxication and Crime Risk
Authors: Weiss Karen G. , Dilks Lisa M.
Published: March 2016

Despite low overall crime rates, physical and sexual attacks are not uncommon at many American residential universities and colleges based, in part, on a strong association between intoxication and crime risk. Drawing upon concepts from a routine activities perspective and using ordinal logistic regression, this study contextualizes the effects of students’ “party” routines on their risk of recurrent crime victimization while at college. Findings show that, for women, spending time at bars doubles their risks of repeat physical attack and unwanted sexual contact. For men, crime risk is better predicted by types of substances used. Specifically, alcohol and pharmaceutical drugs increase men’s risk of repeat physical attack, whereas marijuana decreases risk. Still, marijuana use is the only routine that increases risk of repeat rape for both women and men. Implications of findings for student safety and strategies for reducing recurrent victimization within a party context are discussed.
Moyamoya Syndrome in South African Children With HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Hammond Charles K. , Shapson-Coe Alexander , Govender Rajeshree , van Toorn Ronald , Ndondo Alvin , Wieselthaler Nicky , Eley Brian , Mubaiwa Lawrence , Wilmshurst Jo M.
Published: March 2016

A national multicenter study identified 17 South African children with vertically acquired HIV-1 infection and HIV-associated vasculopathy. Five of the children (all indigenous African ancestry) had progressive vascular disease, consistent with moyamoya syndrome. Median presentation age 5.8 years (range 2.2-11). The children with moyamoya syndrome presented with abnormal CD4 counts and raised viral loads. Clinical features included motor deficits, neuroregression, and intellectual disability. Neuroimaging supported progressive vascular disease with preceding clinically silent disease course. Neurologic recovery occurred in 1 patient with improved CD4 counts. Four of the 5 children presented during the era when access to antiretroviral therapy was limited, suggesting that with improved management of HIV-1, progressive vasculopathy is less prevalent. However the insidious disease course illustrated indicates that the syndrome can progress “silently,” and manifest with misleading phenotypes such as cognitive delay or regression. Sub-Saharan Africa has limited access to neuroimaging and affected children may be underdiagnosed.
Stimulating authentic community involvement in biotechnology policy in Australia
Authors: Schibeci Renato , Harwood Jeffrey
Published: March 2016

This paper analyzes community involvement in biotechnology policy in Australia. Specifically, we examine the Gene Technology Act 2000 that governs gene technology in Australia and the roles of the Office of the Gene Technology Regulator and the Gene Technology Community Consultative Committee. We contend that the institutions that underpin biotechnology policy serve to hamper community involvement and reinforce a cognitive deficit model of community involvement. Finally, we propose how the situation could be turned around so that interested citizens can participate in authentic community involvement in biotechnology policy in Australia.
Experts on public trial: on democratizing expertise through a Danish consensus conference
Authors: Blok Anders
Published: March 2016

Citizen deliberation on technoscientific developments is regularly regarded as a hallmark of Danish democracy, embodied in particular by the Danish Board of Technology. Few empirically guided questions have been raised, however, as to how the Board’s democratic projects actually work. Through a case study of the May 2003 Danish consensus conference on environmental economics as a policy tool, the article reflects on the politics of expert authority permeating practices of public participation. Adopting concepts from the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK), the conference is seen as opening up the “black box” of environmental economics, forcing economists into attempted justifications of their shared normative and methodological commitments. The failure of environmental economists to reflect on their social value positions is suggested as key to understanding their less-than-successful defense in the citizen perspective. Further, consensus conferences are viewed alternatively as “expert dissent conferences,” serving to disclose a multiplicity of expert commitments. From this perspective, some challenges for democratizing expertise through future exercises in public participation are suggested.
A portrait of prefrontal lobotomy performed at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney by Dr Rex Money
Authors: White Richard T , McGee-Collett Martin
Published: March 2016

Objective:

The objective of this article is to provide a portrait of prefrontal lobotomy performed at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney by the Head of Neurosurgery Dr Rex Money and to describe Dr Money’s role in the promotion of psychosurgery in Sydney.

Methods:

We draw attention to an oral presentation by Dr Rex Money in 1951, a journal article written by Money, archival information held at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, including Dr Money’s accounts of his travels and his reports regarding neurosurgery – both internationally and in Australia.

Results:

Dr Rex Money performed a series of 13 prefrontal lobotomies between 1945 and 1951, and presented the theoretical basis for his series, his operative procedures and the outcomes at the annual meeting of its medical officers’ association.

Conclusion:

Notwithstanding various deficiencies in his clinical research, Money’s descriptions give a relatively comprehensive account of one of the first series of prefrontal lobotomies performed in Australia. The current article also describes Dr Money’s contributions to the promotion of psychosurgery in Sydney, and illustrates the participation of a senior neurosurgeon and of a major Sydney teaching hospital during the psychosurgery saga.
Pathology of Haemonchus contortus in New World camelids in the southeastern United States
Authors: Edwards Erin E. , Garner Bridget C. , Williamson Lisa H. , Storey Bob E. , Sakamoto Kaori
Published: March 2016

Most small ruminant farms in tropical climates are plagued by Haemonchus contortus, a hematophagous, abomasal parasite. Heavy burdens of this parasite can cause anemia, hypoproteinemia, weight loss, and mortality in susceptible animals. Haemonchus contortus is becoming a major health concern in New World camelids as well, namely llamas ( Llama glama) and alpacas ( Vicugna pacos), yet little research has been conducted regarding its prevalence or pathology in these species. Herein, we present a retrospective review of llamas and alpacas that were admitted to The University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Athens Diagnostic Laboratory between the years 2002 and 2013. Antemortem fecal egg count (FEC) estimates performed on 30 alpacas were negatively correlated with hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count. Total protein was not significantly correlated with FEC. On postmortem examination, 55 of 198 camelids, including 2 from the aforementioned antemortem review, were infected with H. contortus, with llamas (42.6%) having a significantly higher infection rate than alpacas (22.2%). In 15.7% of the total cases, the parasite was the major cause of death. Common gross lesions included peritoneal, thoracic, and pericardial effusions, visceral pallor, subcutaneous edema, and serous atrophy of fat. Histologic lesions included centrilobular hepatic necrosis, hepatic atrophy, lymphoplasmacytic inflammation of the mucosa of the third gastric compartment (C3), extramedullary hematopoiesis in both the liver and spleen, and the presence of nematodes in C3. Our study emphasizes the importance of H. contortus diagnosis and herd monitoring in New World camelids, particularly llamas.
A Social-Cognitive Model of Consumer Well-Being
Authors: Tang Chuanyi , Guo Lin , Gopinath Mahesh
Published: March 2016

This study establishes a social-cognitive model of consumer well-being to explain the psychological mechanism underlying the relationships between service organizations’ marketing strategies and consumer well-being. Using a two-wave longitudinal design, we surveyed 168 clients from a major credit counseling organization. Results show that organizational strategies influence consumers’ domain-specific well-being via social-cognitive variables (including self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and process expectations) and goal-pursuit processes (both goal setting and goal striving). Specifically, organizational strategies, including organizational support and organizational socialization, contribute to consumers’ goal intentions both directly and indirectly via outcome and process expectations at the goal-setting stage. In the goal-striving stage, goal intention leads to goal achievement, a path strengthened by organizational support. Goal achievement contributes to increases in consumers’ domain-specific well-being. Customers who are in the early or late stages of a service program are more likely to fail in achieving their goals than those who are in the middle of the program. This study sheds new light on transformative service research by demonstrating the role of the service organization in enhancing consumer well-being and suggests that service strategies should focus on shaping consumers’ social cognitions and facilitating their pursuit of valued personal goals.
On the discrepancy between objects and things: An ecological approach
Authors: Domínguez Rubio Fernando
Published: March 2016

The aim of this article is to develop a different approach to the study of the material world, one that takes seriously the seemingly banal fact that things are constantly falling out of place. Taking this fact seriously, the article argues, requires us to think about the material world not in terms of ‘objects’, but ecologically, that is, in terms of the processes and conditions under which certain ‘things’ come to be differentiated and identified as particular kinds of ‘objects’ endowed with particular forms of meaning, value and power. The article demonstrates the purchase of this ecological approach through the example of the Mona Lisa. It does so by exploring the rather extraordinary processes of containment and maintenance that are required to keep the Mona Lisa legible as an art object over time.
From data fetishism to quantifying selves: Self-tracking practices and the other values of data
Authors: Sharon Tamar , Zandbergen Dorien
Published: March 2016

This article foregrounds the ways in which members of the Quantified Self ascribe value and meaning to the data they generate in self-tracking practices. We argue that the widespread idea that what draws self-trackers to numerical data is its perceived power of truth and objectivity—a so-called “data fetishism”—is limiting. Using an ethnographic approach, we describe three ways in which self-trackers attribute meaning to their data-gathering practices which escape this data fetishist critique: self-tracking as a practice of mindfulness, as a means of resistance against social norms, and as a communicative and narrative aid. In light of this active engagement with data, we suggest that it makes more sense to view these practitioners as “ quantifying selves.” We also suggest that such fine-grained accounts of the appeal that data can have, beyond its allure of objectivity, are necessary if we are to achieve a fuller understanding of Big Data culture.
Professional journalistic routines and the protest paradigm: The Big Potato Swap in traditional and alternative media
Authors: Reul Robin , Paulussen Steve , Raeijmaekers Daniëlle , van der Steen Laurens , Maeseele Pieter
Published: March 2016

This article discusses the news coverage of a highly mediatised protest action which took place in early May 2011 in Flanders, Belgium. A social movement called the Field Liberation Movement rallied against a field trial of a scientific research project testing genetically modified potatoes. Seeking to understand how implicit patterns associated with the protest paradigm influence media representations of this ‘Big Potato Swap’, this article discusses the results of a qualitative content analysis of news coverage by two Flemish quality newspapers and one alternative news website. We conclude by discussing to what extent strategies assigned to the protest paradigm are in fact a product of normative journalistic routines. Different journalistic approaches to coverage of protest may be interpreted as distinct journalistic paradigms. As a result, any criticism of protest paradigm mechanisms in news reporting should be seen as part of a broader critique of prevailing journalistic formats and practices.
The poverty alleviation potential of tourism employment as an off-farm activity on the local livelihoods surrounding Kibale National Park, western Uganda
Authors: Adiyia Bright , Vanneste Dominique , Van Rompaey Anton
Published: March 2016

Over the past decade, several scholars have argued that livelihood diversification in terms of off-farm activities is key for rural households to escape from poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Although the continuous growth of tourism in many SSA countries has created an additional off-farm income activity, empirical evidence is lacking to substantiate the poverty alleviating impact of tourism employment as being consistent and universal at the household level. Using the case of Kibale National Park in western Uganda, the aims of this paper are (1) to analyze the actual income composition of different types of rural livelihood strategies by means of cluster analysis, and (2) to compare the financial impact of tourism employment with alternative off-farm income activities. Results show a large differentiation in income compositions of households around Kibale National Park. In general, households engaged in off-farm income activities have higher levels of overall household welfare. Tourism employment generates low incomes compared to alternative off-farm activities, but still enables households to strengthen livelihood strategies by investments in on-farm or alternative off-farm activities.
Llama herders and urban elites: Interdisciplinary readings of early colonial narratives in the Americas
Authors: Beaule Christine D , Quintana Benito
Published: March 2016

We argue for an interdisciplinary pedagogical approach that we call the Integration of Research and Education in the Classroom, which highlights and crosses disciplinary boundaries to challenge each field’s assumptions, limitations, conceptual and interpretive purview. We use a set of examples that center on problematizing various aspects of the concept of indigeneity in the Spanish Colonial Period of Latin America. These examples draw explicitly on material from literary and culture studies, archaeology and anthropology, and foster students’ critical thinking about the works of early indigenous authors such as the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega and Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala. We show how an Integration of Research and Education in the Classroom approach provides rich fodder for classroom discussions as well as scholarship.
Experience with Coding Accuracy for Endophthalmitis
Authors: Ng Jonathon , Li Jianghong , Morlet Nigel , Semmens James
Published: March 2016

The Endophthalmitis Population Study of Western Australia aims to investigate the epidemiology of endophthalmitis, a potentially sight-threatening infection of the internal eye, in Western Australia in 1980–1998. Cases of endophthalmitis were identified from coded hospital discharge data, surgeon logbooks, and hospital microbiology and anaesthetic databases. This process uncovered not only widespread miscoding for endophthalmitis, but also systematic misuse of the endophthalmitis codes for external eye infections. The level of miscoding and code misuse has improved since the mid-1990s, and probably reflects the introduction of coding standards and trained coders into the Western Australian health system.
Standardising Client Identification across Adelaide Public Hospitals — An Update
Authors: Drake Tanya , van Gemert Lorraine
Published: March 2016

To be able to integrate health information across multiple systems and locations, it is essential that the collection and maintenance of key client identifying demographic data be standardised. South Australia is now moving towards a rigorous approach of client identification across the eight public metropolitan hospitals to support the rollout of a clinical information system. The system is being implemented for all clinical services and an estimated 8,000 doctors, nurses and allied health professionals have been trained in its use. This paper discusses the development and scope of a new set of client identification data standards (for hospitals only) that have been designed to support this project.
Evolution, Not Revolution: Measurement and Management of Health Outcomes in New Zealand through Efficient Use of National Information Systems
Authors: Delany Raymond Patrick
Published: March 2016

The development of health information systems is not always successful, and there is an emerging perception that money and time that could be better directed to patient care are being wasted on these systems. This paper examines the difficulties faced in creating successful information systems in health services, and suggests strategies for overcoming these difficulties. The development of information systems is a precursor to the use of data in the management of processes which lead towards improved health outcomes. It is argued that before embarking upon difficult and costly new developments, researchers should treat existing sources of data as their first point of call, and New Zealand's existing national data sources are described in detail. Ways in which these data are being used to develop outcome measures are discussed, and it is concluded that through a multidisciplinary approach existing resources could be utilised more efficiently and effectively to achieve this goal.
Register—Recall Systems: Tools for Chronic Disease Management in General Practice
Authors: Georgiou Andrew , Burns Joan , Penn Danielle , Infante Fernando , Harris Mark
Published: March 2016

The Divisions Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Quality Improvement Project (DDCQIP) is a national project that aims to promote quality improvement initiatives among Divisions of General Practice. DDCQIP has investigated the growth of Division-based diabetes and cardiovascular disease register–recall systems and the role they play in promoting evidence-based structured care within general practice. In the period 2000–2002, an increase in the number of GPs using register–recall systems and the rise in the number of active registered patients have made it possible to monitor quality of care and health outcome indicators, and contributed to the growth of a Division-based population health program.
Electronic Health Record System Risk Assessment: A Case Study from the MINET
Authors: Win Khin Than , Phung Hai , Young Lis , Tran Mai , Alcock Carole , Hillman Ken
Published: March 2016

This article discusses the risk assessment of a health information system. A case study was conducted at the South Western Sydney Area Health Service to examine the potential risks of the Maternal and Infant Network (MINET) health information system using Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA). FMEA was conducted by utilising safety attributes identified by the authors. Potential failure modes of the system were identified by the study. From this study, it can be concluded that FMEA is an appropriate risk-assessment method for MINET.
Consumer Health Informatics: An Overview of Patient Perspectives on Health Information Needs
Authors: Dey Aditi
Published: March 2016

Patients are increasingly expressing their need for more information about their health. Different healthcare professionals provide a range of information to their patients during delivery of care. By means of a detailed literature search and a study of available evidence, this article explores patients' perspectives in gaining health-related information from the healthcare system, with particular emphasis on patients who come in contact with breast cancer services.

The literature review indicates that the main issues concerning health information available to consumers can be divided into the following sections: quantity of information (amount of information, number of sources, types and strategies for distribution); quality of information (validity, relevance, accessibility, understandability, timing of acquisition); and consumer/patient factors (age, health status, empowerment to make decisions). Information-seeking behaviour of consumers should be considered as part of a broader environmental and role-related context. The acquisition of information and the decision to seek information (either personally or using the help or services of other people) is affected by stress, perception of risk, hope for reward and perceived level of self-efficacy.
The Work Practice of Medical Secretaries and the Implementation of Electronic Health Records in Denmark
Authors: Bertelsen Pernille , Nøhr Christian
Published: March 2016

The introduction of electronic health records will entail substantial organisational changes to the clinical and administrative staff in hospitals. Hospital owners in Denmark have predicted that these changes will render up to half of medical secretaries redundant. The present study however shows that medical secretaries have a great variety of duties, and often act as the organisational ‘glue’ or connecting thread between other professional groups at the hospital. The aim of this study is to obtain a detailed understanding of the pluralism of work tasks the medical secretaries perform. It is concluded that clinicians as well as nurses depend on medical secretaries, and therefore to reduce the number of secretaries because electronic health record systems are implemented needs very careful thinking, planning and discussion with the other professions involved.
Organisational Factors Affecting the Quality of Hospital Clinical Coding
Authors: Santos Suong , Murphy Gregory , Baxter Kathryn , Robinson Kerin M
Published: March 2016

The influence of organisational factors on the quality of hospital coding using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, 10th Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) was investigated using a mixed quantitative-qualitative approach. The organisational variables studied were: hospital specialty; geographical locality; structural characteristics of the coding unit; education, training and resource supports for Clinical Coders; and quality control mechanisms. Baseline data on the hospitals' coding quality, measured by the Performance Indicators for Coding Quality tool, were used as an independent index measure. No differences were found in error rates between rural and metropolitan hospitals, or general and specialist hospitals. Clinical Coder allocation to ‘general’ rather than ‘specialist’ unit coding resulted in fewer errors. Coding Managers reported that coding quality can be improved by: Coders engaging in a variety of role behaviours; improved Coder career opportunities; higher staffing levels; reduced throughput; fewer time constraints on coding outputs and associated work; and increased Coder interactions with medical staff.