bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peptide macrocyclisation via intramolecular interception of visible-light-mediated desulfurisation
Authors: Smith Frances R. , Meehan Declan , Griffiths Rhys C. , Knowles Harriet J. , Zhang Peiyu , Williams Huw E. L. , Wilson Andrew J. , Mitchell Nicholas J.
Published: May 2024

Herein, we report a peptide cyclisation strategy via intramolecular interception of cysteine desulfurisation. This method enables the cyclisation of unprotected peptides in aqueous solution via the installation of a hydrocarbon linkage.
Probing and evaluating transmembrane chloride ion transport in double walled trifluorophenyl/phthalimide extended calix[4]pyrrole-based supramolecular receptors
Authors: Rather Ishfaq Ahmad , Ahmad Manzoor , Talukdar Pinaki , Ali Rashid
Published: May 2024

In this report, synthesis and ion-transport studies in two-walled calix[4]pyrroles have been revealed.
2D Ta4AlC3 and Ta4C3 nanosheets with excellent ultraviolet optical limiting behavior for laser protection
Authors: Du Binjian , Zhao Zhenyu , Ren Zihan , Liu Qianhou , Zhang Fang
Published: May 2024

2D Ta4AlC3 and Ta4C3 nanosheets exhibit excellent NLA properties, especially the strong OL effects, indicating that they are incomparable candidates for OL materials, which have great application prospects in the field of laser protection.
Synergistic enhancement of hydrogen peroxide generation: WO3 photocatalyst modified with MXene and Au nanoparticles under visible light
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Ohno Teruhisa
Published: May 2024

Summary illustrating the mechanism of H2O2 generation by WO3/Au/MXene under visible light irradiation.
Construction of honey bee hive-like CuO/PbO heterojunction photocatalysts with enhanced antibiotic and dye degradation activity under visible light
Authors: Bano Karina , Singh Prit Pal , Kumar Sandeep , Saeed Shakir Mahmood , Aggarwal Saurabh , Kumar Ranvijay , Kaushal Sandeep
Published: May 2024

Effective removal of harmful water pollutants was achieved with the help of a hydrothermally synthesized visible light-activated CuO/PbO heterojunction material.
Lactobacillus reuteri JCM 1112 ameliorates chronic acrylamide-induced glucose metabolism disorder via the bile acid–TGR5–GLP-1 axis and modulates intestinal oxidative stress in mice
Authors: Yue Zonghao , Zhao Feiyue , Guo Yuqi , Zhang Yidan , Chen Yanjuan , He Le , Li Lili
Published: May 2024

Acrylamide (AA), a toxic food contaminant, caused glucose metabolism disorders (GMD) in mice at chronic low doses, which could be alleviated by Lactobacillus reuteri via the BA–TGR5–GLP-1 axis.
Maternal fructose intake aggravates the harmful effects of a Western diet in rat male descendants impacting their cholesterol metabolism
Authors: Fauste E. , Panadero M. I. , Pérez-Armas M. , Donis C. , López-Laiz P. , Sevillano J. , Sánchez-Alonso M. G. , Ramos-Álvarez M. P. , Otero P. , Bocos C.
Published: May 2024

Maternal fructose intake aggravates the harmful effects of a Western diet on progeny. In fact, Western diet enhances both lipid absorption and cholesterol synthesis in the intestine of progeny from fructose-fed mothers.
High throughput screening of semiconductors with low lattice thermal transport induced by long-range interactions
Authors: Wu Yu , Ji Linxuan , Ding Yimin , Zhou Liujiang
Published: May 2024

Semiconductors with long-range interactions (LRI) due to resonant bonding exhibit delocalized electronic states and low lattice thermal conductivity, contributing to the efficiency of heat-to-electricity conversion.
Mechanochemical synthesis and application of mixed-metal copper–ruthenium HKUST-1 metal–organic frameworks in the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Sondermann Linda , Smith Quentin , Strothmann Till , Vollrath Annette , Yen Beglau Thi Hai , Janiak Christoph
Published: May 2024

Novel electrode materials for electrocatalytic hydrogen generation are investigated for increasing the activity of expensive noble-metal components.
Characterisation of the morphology of surface-assembled Au nanoclusters on amorphous carbon
Authors: Dearg Malcolm , Lethbridge Sean , McCormack James , Palmer Richard E. , Slater Thomas J. A.
Published: May 2024

Au nanoparticles over 100 atoms in size formed via surface-growth of sputtered atoms on amorphous carbon are approximately spherical in morphology. The distribution of particle structural isomers was found to match those formed via gas-condensation.
Influence of molecular structure on the coupling strength to a plasmonic nanoparticle and hot carrier generation
Authors: Zaier Rania , Bancerek Maria , Kluczyk-Korch Katarzyna , Antosiewicz Tomasz J.
Published: May 2024

By selecting appropriately the orientation of an asymmetric molecule in a strongly coupled plasmon–molecule system, the coupling strength can be significantly increased, modifying the energy spectrum and spatial distribution of hot charge carriers.
Carriers for hydrophobic drug molecules: lipid-coated hollow mesoporous silica particles, and the influence of shape and size on encapsulation efficiency
Authors: Iqbal Sumiya , Schneider Tom-Jonas Klaus , Truong Thanh Tung , Ulrich-Müller Roman , Nguyen Phuong-Hien , Ilyas Shaista , Mathur Sanjay
Published: May 2024

Lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanocarriers demonstrate a novel approach to prolong the release of hydrophobic drugs, promising enhanced treatment efficacy with controlled delivery.
Correction: α-Fe2O3/TiO2 3D hierarchical nanostructures for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Han Hyungkyu , Riboni Francesca , Karlicky Frantisek , Kment Stepan , Goswami Anandarup , Sudhagar Pitchaimuthu , Yoo Jeongeun , Wang Lei , Tomanec Ondrej , Petr Martin , Haderka Ondrej , Terashima Chiaki , Fujishima Akira , Schmuki Patrik , Zboril Radek
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘α-Fe2O3/TiO2 3D hierarchical nanostructures for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting’ by Hyungkyu Han et al., Nanoscale, 2017, 9, 134–142, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR06908H.
Research progress on optimized membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Quge , Xiong Shizhao , Song Zhongxiao
Published: May 2024

The design of polymer electrolyte membranes with high chemical stability, high ion conductivity, low vanadium permeability and low cost is crucial for the development of vanadium redox flow batteries.
How do quantum chemical descriptors shape hydrogen atom abstraction reactivity in cupric-superoxo species? A combined DFT and machine learning perspective
Authors: Nettem Chandrasekhar , Rajaraman Gopalan
Published: May 2024

Employing a fusion of DFT and ML methodologies incorporating fifteen quantum chemical descriptors, we have elucidated the factors governing the reactivity of cupric-superoxo species.
Thioether functionalized vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks boost the semi-hydrogenation selectivity of alkynes
Authors: Song Zhe , Wang Meng , Qin Yutian , Du Jing , Li Zhixi , Song Meina , Wan Yue , Li Shaopeng , Guo Jun , Zhao Meiting
Published: May 2024

Thioether functionalized vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks immobilized Pd NPs boost the semi-hydrogenation selectivity of alkynes.
Synthesis of phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR) based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) composites for double channel detection of latent fingerprints
Authors: Yang Ping , Shi Tingfei , Liu Zhiyuan , Wu Siying , Cheng Yuqi , Li Kuiliang , Zhao Hong
Published: May 2024

A reversible two-channel fluorescent nanocomposite with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect was designed for the development, analysis, and characterization of latent fingerprints (LFPs).
3D-engineered WO3 microspheres assembled by 2D nanosheets with superior sodium storage capacity
Authors: Sengupta Shilpi , Sudakar C. , Kundu Manab
Published: May 2024

This work focuses on the self-assembled interconnected nanosheets of WO3 microsphere anode for sodium-ion batteries, delivering high capacity and excellent rate performance due to their interconnected structure and hollow interior.
Iodine-promoted amide formation via oxidative cleavage of indoles: novel quinazoline-4(3H)-one and tryptanthrin syntheses
Authors: Le Phong Q. , Dinh Van M. , Nguyen Huong D. T. , Ha Hiep Q. , Truong Thanh V.
Published: May 2024

A highly efficient method for the direct construction of amide bonds via a selective cleavage of C–H and CC bonds in indole structures using an iodine-promoted approach was developed.
Innovation of 6-sulfonamide-2H-chromene derivatives as antidiabetic agents targeting α-amylase, α-glycosidase, and PPAR-γ inhibitors with in silico molecular docking simulation
Authors: Thabet Hamdy Khamees , Ragab Ahmed , Imran Mohd , Hamdy Helal Mohamed , Ibrahim Alaqel Saleh , Alshehri Ahmed , Ash Mohd Abida , Alshammari Saleh Saad , Ammar Yousry A. , Abusaif Moustafa S.
Published: May 2024

A new series of 2-imino or 2-oxo-2H-chromene-6-sulfonamide derivatives 2–9 were designed and synthesized and evaluated for anti-diabetic activity.
Easy one-pot synthesis of multifunctionalized indole–pyrrole hybrids as a new class of antileishmanial agents
Authors: Ciccone Vittorio , Diotallevi Aurora , Gómez-Benmansour Miriam , Maestrini Sara , Mantellini Fabio , Mari Giacomo , Galluzzi Luca , Lucarini Simone , Favi Gianfranco
Published: May 2024

A chemoselective one-pot synthesis of indole–pyrrole hybrids has been developed. The new hybrids were phenotypically screened for efficacy against L. infantum promastigotes. Compound 3d was the most active with IC50 = 9.6 μM and a selectivity index of 5.
Conversion of waste poly(vinyl chloride) to branched polyethylene mediated by silylium ions
Authors: Wood Zachary A. , Castro Eunice C. , Nguyen Angelyn N. , Fieser Megan E.
Published: May 2024

Lewis acidic silylium ions are used to completely remove Cl from poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in clean and commercial products through hydrodechlorination. Reaction conditions were found to impact the branching in the resulting polyethylene (PE).
Bidirectional photomagnetism, exciplex fluorescence and dielectric anomalies in a spin crossover Hofmann-type coordination polymer
Authors: Chen Yan-Ru , Ying Ting-Ting , Chen Yan-Cong , Liao Pei-Yu , Ni Zhao-Ping , Tong Ming-Liang
Published: May 2024

Bidirectional photomagnetism, exciplex fluorescence and dielectric anomalies are first observed in a spin crossover Hofmann-type metal–organic framework with a bent pillar ligand and pyrene guest.
Atomically dispersed dinuclear iridium active sites for efficient and stable electrocatalytic chlorine evolution reaction
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Xia Guangjie , Diaconescu Vlad Martin , Simonelli Laura , LaGrow Alec P. , Tai Zhixin , Xiang Xinyi , Xiong Dehua , Liu Lifeng
Published: May 2024

Atomically dispersed dinuclear Ir active sites are synthesized, which show outstanding electrocatalytic performance for the chlorine evolution reaction thanks to the favorable Cl adsorption on the dinuclear sites.
Enhancing corannulene chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence and photoluminescence by means of an azabora-helicene to slow down its bowl inversion
Authors: Qin Xiaoli , Huang Lin , Zhan Ziying , Fu Peng , Wang Qing , Zhang Congyang , Huang Jianhui , Ding Zhifeng
Published: May 2024

The enhancement of chemi-, electrochemi-, and photo-luminescence in a corannulene dialkyl borate has been successfully achieved for the first time through the incorporation of an azabora-helicene, slowing down the bowl inversion of the molecule.
Effects of storage conditions on the performance of an electrochemical aptamer-based sensor
Authors: Chung Julia , Billante Adriana , Flatebo Charlotte , Leung Kaylyn K. , Gerson Julian , Emmons Nicole , Kippin Tod E. , Sepunaru Lior , Plaxco Kevin W.
Published: May 2024

EAB sensors stored at −20 °C for at least six months perform comparably to freshly fabricated sensors.
Heterogeneous preferences for living in a hydrogen home: an advanced multigroup analysis
Authors: Gordon Joel A. , Balta-Ozkan Nazmiye , Haq Anwar Ul , Nabavi Seyed Ali
Published: May 2024

Safety, technological, economic, and environmental perspectives will shape the social acceptability of deploying hydrogen heating and cooking appliances for the residential sector.
Poroviscoelastic relaxations and rate-dependent adhesion in gelatin
Authors: Lee Wonhyeok , Eriten Melih
Published: May 2024

Hydrogels, polymeric networks swollen with water, exhibit time/rate-dependent adhesion due to their poroviscoleastic constitution.
Laser-assisted fabrication of a 3D cross-linked V2CTx/rGO microelectrode for high-rate aqueous zinc-ion microbatteries
Authors: Wu Jiao , Liu Long , Ren Cai-Yun , Zhang Yong-Chao , Gao Jian , Zhu Xiao-Dong
Published: May 2024

Laser direct writing technology to construct 3D microelectrodes and in situ electrochemical oxidation to prepare high-performance AZIMBs.
Reversible sorption of carbon dioxide in Ca–Mg–Fe systems for thermochemical energy storage applications
Authors: Desage Lucie , Humphries Terry D. , Paskevicius Mark , Buckley Craig E.
Published: May 2024

CO2 sorption in Ca–Mg–Fe materials developed for thermochemical batteries with enhanced reversibility by the formation of dicalcium and magnesium ferrites.
Selective oxidation of linear alcohols: the promotional effect of water and inhibiting effect of carboxylates over dilute PdAu catalysts
Authors: Lee Jennifer D. , Filie Amanda , Wilson Leigh , Nguyen Karin , Shirman Tanya , Guan Erjia , Luneau Mathilde , Aizenberg Michael , Aizenberg Joanna , Madix Robert J. , Friend Cynthia M.
Published: May 2024

The promotional effect of Pd for selective alcohol oxidation over dilute Pd-in-Au bimetallic alloy catalysts strongly depends on the alkyl chain length and is characterized via a combination of reactor and in situ infrared studies.
Recent advancements in radiative cooling textiles for personal thermal management
Authors: Jiang Siyi , Zhang Kui , Wang Cai-Feng , Li Qing , Zhu Liangliang , Chen Su
Published: May 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview of radiative cooling textiles from fundamentals, advanced structures and construction strategies to emerging applications.
Elucidating interfacial parameters of platinum–palladium bulk alloy single crystals
Authors: Melle Gabriel , Scholten Fabian , Feliu Juan M. , Herrero Enrique , Cuenya Beatriz Roldan , Arán-Ais Rosa M.
Published: May 2024

Insights into the nature of adsorbed species on platinum–palladium alloy single-crystal electrodes in acidic electrolytes reveal stronger anion interactions compared to pure platinum, crucial for interpreting the catalytic properties of bimetallic materials.
Optimized contact in membrane electrode assembly for multicarbon product generation
Authors: Ma Tengfei , Qiu Haoran , Jing Wenhao , Wang Feng , Liu Ya , Guo Liejin
Published: May 2024

The optimized anode increases the number of contact points between the cathode and the ion exchange membrane, avoiding the formation of a film, and enhancing the local pH of the electrode, thereby promoting the production of multicarbon products.
Mixed ionic-electronic conduction in Ruddlesden–Popper and Dion–Jacobson layered hybrid perovskites with aromatic organic spacers
Authors: Dučinskas Algirdas , Jung Mina , Wang Ya-Ru , Milić Jovana V. , Moia Davide , Grätzel Michael , Maier Joachim
Published: May 2024

Mixed ionic-electronic conduction is revealed in Dion–Jacobson (DJ) and Ruddlesden–Popper phases based on aromatic spacer cations, with higher activation energies for ion migration and thermal stability for DJ systems, relevant to their application.
Construction of a Zn0.65Cd0.35S/SnO2 S-scheme heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Li Tao , He Xiong , Wu Junhao , Pan Guangyu , Wang Dandan , Zhang Fan , Gao Limin , Xie Haiquan , Li Kui
Published: May 2024

A Zn0.65Cd0.35S/SnO2 S-Scheme heterojunction was successfully constructed. The synergistic effect of the catalyst is improved by well-matched band edge positions. SnO2 promotes photogenerated electron migration.
Carbon framework modification; an interesting strategy to improve the energy storage and dye adsorption
Authors: Michalska Monika , Pietrzyk-Thel Paulina , Sobczak Kamil , Janssen Mathijs , Jain Amrita
Published: May 2024

Carbon framework modification to improve energy storage and dye adsorption.
Multi‐objective interval type‐2 fuzzy linear programming problem with vagueness in coefficient
Authors: Sargolzaei Shokouh , Mishmast Nehi Hassan
Published: May 2024

One of the most widely used fuzzy linear programming models is the multi‐objective interval type‐2 fuzzy linear programming (IT2FLP) model, which is of particular importance due to the simultaneous integration of multiple criteria and objectives in a single problem, the fuzzy nature of this type of problems, and thus, its closer similarity to real‐world problems. So far, many studies have been done for the IT2FLP problem with uncertainties of the vagueness type. However, not enough studies have been done regarding the multi‐objective interval type‐2 fuzzy linear programming (MOIT2FLP) problem with uncertainties of the vagueness type. As an innovation, this study investigates the MOIT2FLP problem with vagueness‐type uncertainties, which are represented by membership functions (MFs) in the problem. Depending on the localisation of vagueness in the problem, that is, vagueness in the objective function vector, vagueness in the technological coefficients, vagueness in the resources vector, and any possible combination of them, various problems may arise. Furthermore, to solve problems with MOIT2FLP, first, using the weighted sum method as an efficient and effective method, each of the MOIT2FLP problems is converted into a single‐objective problem. In this research, these types of problems are introduced, their MFs are stated, and different solution methods are suggested. For each of the proposed methods, the authors have provided an example and presented the results in the corresponding tables.
CLaSP: Cross‐view 6‐DoF localisation assisted by synthetic panorama
Authors: Zhu Juelin , Yan Shen , Cheng Xiaoya , Wu Rouwan , Liu Yuxiang , Zhang Maojun
Published: May 2024

Despite the impressive progress in visual localisation, 6‐DoF cross‐view localisation is still a challenging task in the computer vision community due to the huge appearance changes. To address this issue, the authors propose the CLaSP, a coarse‐to‐fine framework, which leverages a synthetic panorama to facilitate cross‐view 6‐DoF localisation in a large‐scale scene. The authors first leverage a segmentation map to correct the prior pose, followed by a synthetic panorama on the ground to enable coarse pose estimation combined with a template matching method. The authors finally formulate the refine localisation process as feature matching and pose refinement to obtain the final result. The authors evaluate the performance of the CLaSP and several state‐of‐the‐art baselines on the Airloc dataset, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed framework.
Observations of scattered light from exoplanet atmospheres
Authors: Morris Brett M. , Heng Kevin , Kitzmann Daniel
Published: May 2024

Optical phase curves of hot Jupiters can reveal global scattering properties. We implemented a Bayesian inference framework for optical phase curves with flux contributions from: reflected light from a potentially inhomogeneous atmosphere, thermal emission, ellipsoidal variations, Doppler beaming, and stellar rotation via a Gaussian process in the time domain. We probed for atmospheric homogeneity and time variability using the reflected light inferences for highly precise Kepler light curves of five hot Jupiters. We also investigated the scattering properties that constrain the most likely condensates in the inhomogeneous atmospheres. Cross validation prefers inhomogeneous albedo distributions for Kepler-7 b and Kepler-41 b, and a weak preference for inhomogeneity for KOI-13 b. None of the five planets exhibit significant variations in geometric albedo on 1-yr timescales, in agreement with theoretical expectations. We show that analytic reflected light phase curves with isotropic multiple scattering are in excellent agreement with full Rayleigh multiple scattering calculations, allowing for accelerated and analytic inference. In a case study of Kepler-41 b, we identified perovskite, forsterite, and enstatite as possible scattering species consistent with the reflected light phase curves, with condensate particle radii in the range 0.01–0.1 µm.
Traditional vs. modified Ringer lactate-based del Nido cardioplegia impacts on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: Results from a prospective, randomized, blinded trial
Authors: Kachoueian Naser , Janghorban Salimeh , Gorjipour Farhad , Torkashvand Majid , Mahjoob Mohammad Parsa , Aslani Hossein , Mehrabanian Mohamadjavad , Gorjipour Fazel
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Myocardial protection with cardioplegia is a crucial approach to mitigate myocardial damage during coronary bypass grafting surgery (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The major component of the del Nido cardioplegia solution, Plasma-Lyte A, is difficult to obtain in Iran due to high cost. The objective of the current study was to study if the lactated Ringer’s solution as the base for del Nido solution (LR DN) usage is a viable option as a substitute for Plasma-Lyte A in adult patients presenting for CABG surgery. Study design and methods: The present prospective, randomized, blinded study was performed on 18–75-year-old patients ejection fraction (EF) > 35% undergoing CABG with CPB. Patients were randomly allocated to LR DN (modified del Nido cardioplegia) and PL DN (standard del Nido cardioplegia solution) groups. Serum level of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), the type and dosage of inotrope agents, EF, rate of arrhythmia after clamp removal and lactate level were measured and compared between patients of LR DN and PL DN groups. Results: 109 patients were recruited. There were no statistically significant differences between groups for cardiopulmonary bypass times, cardiac enzymes, transfusion requirements, and arterial blood gases. There was no mortality for study patients. Postoperative serum levels of cTnI among patients in the LR DN group was significantly higher than patients of the PL DN group after ICU admission and 24 h post-ICU. Also, more patients needed epinephrine administration in the operating room in the LR DN group (29.8% vs. 11.5%; p: 0.019 vs. PL DN group). Conclusion: We concluded that the standard del Nido cardioplegia solution offers better myocardial protection compared with Ringer’s lactate-based del Nido cardioplegia in adult patients undergoing CABG with CPB. We recommend using standard del Nido cardioplegia with a PL base for patients presenting for CABG surgery.
Asymptotic results for compound sums in separable Banach spaces
Authors: Macci Claudio , Pacchiarotti Barbara
Published: May 2024

We prove large and moderate deviation results for sequences of compound sums, where the summands are i.i.d. random variables taking values in a separable Banach space. We establish that the results hold by proving that we are dealing with exponentially tight sequences. We present two moderate deviation results: in the first one the summands are centered, in the second one the compound sums are centered.
Crowd stampede management at sporting events: a systematic literature review
Authors: Ha Kyoo-Man
Published: May 2024

Background: This article investigates crowd stampedes at sporting events as a critical emergency management concern in the 21st century. The objective is to identify strategies for improving crowd safety and reducing mass casualties worldwide. This study provides a comprehensive worldwide perspective on the issue of crowd stampedes at sporting events. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to gather relevant studies. Results: The study’s findings support the need for a whole society-based approach involving international organizations, regional governments, sports participants, and spectators. Conclusions: The key includes transforming position-based approaches to foster social value, sharing lessons learned, sport clusters, advanced technologies, functional exercise, and full-scale exercise.
Blow-up for a Porous Medium Equation with Local Linear Boundary Dissipation
Authors: YANG Jichen , LIU Dengming
Published: May 2024

This article investigates the blow-up behaviors for a porous medium equation with a superlinear source and local linear boundary dissipation. Making use of the concavity method, we establish sufficient conditions to guarantee the occurrence of the finite time blow-up phenomenon. Meanwhile, we show the existence of the finite time blow-up solutions for arbitrarily high initial energy. Finally, we derive the life span bounds (i.e., the lower and upper bounds of the blow-up time).
Image Semantic Segmentation Approach for Studying Human Behavior on Image Data
Authors: ZHENG Zhan , CHEN Da , HUANG Yanrong
Published: May 2024

Image semantic segmentation is an essential technique for studying human behavior through image data. This paper proposes an image semantic segmentation method for human behavior research. Firstly, an end-to-end convolutional neural network architecture is proposed, which consists of a depth-separable jump-connected fully convolutional network and a conditional random field network; then jump-connected convolution is used to classify each pixel in the image, and an image semantic segmentation method based on convolutional neural network is proposed; and then a conditional random field network is used to improve the effect of image segmentation of human behavior and a linear modeling and nonlinear modeling method based on the semantic segmentation of conditional random field image is proposed. Finally, using the proposed image segmentation network, the input entrepreneurial image data is semantically segmented to obtain the contour features of the person; and the segmentation of the images in the medical field. The experimental results show that the image semantic segmentation method is effective. It is a new way to use image data to study human behavior and can be extended to other research areas.
Mg(NO3)2·6H2O-Assisted in situ-Fabrication of Tea Residual Biochar for Ultra-Fast and High Adsorption of Rhodamine B
Authors: HU Dandan , XUE Yangfan , LIU Bo , WU Yongjuan , LI Zichen
Published: May 2024

In this work, porous biochar (MN-TRB750) was fabricated via direct pyrolysis of tea residue (TR) and Mg(NO3)2·6H2O (MN). The as-synthesized MN-TRB750 reached a specific surface area of 839.54 m2·g-1 and an average pore size of 3.75 nm with multi-level pore architecture. MN decreased TR's carbonization temperature and promoted the aromatics extent, pore structure for the frizzly flake-like biochar. Rhodamine B (RhB) was chosen as the adsorbate to explore the removal performance of organic dyes in this study. The results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity of RhB on MN-TRB750 at 20 ℃ is up to 809.0 mg·g-1 with isotherms fitted well to Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevic models. The adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-second-order and Elovich models with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 757.6 mg·g-1 as the initial concentration of RhB is 260 mg·L-1. High pore filling, hydrogen bond, π-π interaction determined the adsorption of RhB onto MN-TRB850 through a multi-active center and exothermic chemical sorption process.
The Influence of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation in a Polymicrobial Environment (Streptococcus gordonii & Porphyromonas gingivalis)
Authors: Kriswandini Indah Listiana , Sidarningsih Sidarningsih , Hermanto Adelheid Chrissanda , Tyas Pinta Rahayuning , Aljunaid Mohammed Ahmed
Published: May 2024

Objectives Biofilms play a vital role in the occurrence or worsening of an infectious disease. Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium with the ability to form biofilms that plays a key role in the development of infectious diseases such as dental caries. The formation of biofilms in S. mutans is mediated by quorum sensing. Inhibiting quorum sensing can be considered as one of the approaches to prevent caries. This study aims to investigate the ability of Streptococcus gordonii and Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria to inhibit the formation of S. mutans biofilm.

Materials and Methods This research was conducted to analyze bacterial biofilm formation and metabolism. The bacteria used are S. mutans (serotype C), S. gordonii (ATCC 5165), and P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277). Biofilm formation was analyzed using the crystal violet assay. Bacterial metabolism was analyzed using the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay.

Results The results of the crystal violet assay indicate a decrease in biofilm formation in S. mutans when in the presence of S. gordonii and S. mutans in the presence of P. gingivalis. The results of the MTT assay show no significant change in the bacterial metabolism of S. mutans in the presence of S. gordonii and S. mutans in the presence of P. gingivalis. However, S. mutans with the presence of S. gordonii and P. gingivalis show an increase in biofilm formation and bacterial metabolism.

Conclusion S. gordonii and P. gingivalis are each capable of inhibiting the formation of S. mutans biofilm in a polymicrobial environment.
The Effect of Different Chemical Surface Treatments on the Bond Strength of Resin-Matrix Ceramic Repaired with Resin Composite
Authors: Prabriputaloong Satit , Krajangta Nantawan , Klaisiri Awiruth
Published: May 2024

Objective This study investigates the effect of different chemical surface treatment protocols with different functional monomers of universal adhesives on the shear bond strength between resin-matrix ceramic and resin composite.

Materials and Methods Eighty resin-matrix ceramics (Shofu block HC) were built and designed into eight groups of ten specimens and surface treated with HC primer (HC) and/or three universal adhesives (single bond universal [SBU], Scotchbond universal plus [SBP], and Tetric N-bond universal [TNU]) assigning follows; group 1, nonsurface treated; group 2, HC; group 3, SBU; group 4, HC + SBU; group 5, SBP; group 6, HC + SBP; group 7, TNU; group 8, HC + TNU. A template was put on the specimen center, and then pushed packable resin composite. Mechanical testing machinery was used to examine the samples' shear bond strength (SBS) values. To examine failure patterns, the debonded specimen surfaces were examined by a stereomicroscope.

Statistical Analysis The one-way analysis of variance method was used to evaluate the data, and the Tukey's test was used to determine the significant level (p < 0.05).

Results The highest SBS was obtained in group 6 (39.25 ± 1.65 MPa). Group 1 (4.15 ± 0.54 MPa) had the lowest SBS. Group 6 exhibited the highest percentage of cohesive failure patterns (70%). High SBS values were frequently correlated with the surface treatment groups and the cohesive failure patterns.

Conclusion The application of HC primer prior to the universal adhesive is an alternative protocol for enhancing the repair bond strength between resin-matrix ceramic and resin composite interfaces. Moreover, the application of HC primer prior to the SBP is the best strategy for resin-matrix ceramic and resin composite repairs.
In situ electric-field control of ferromagnetic resonance in the low-loss organic-based ferrimagnet V[TCNE]x∼2
Authors: Kurfman Seth W. , Franson Andrew , Shah Piyush , Shi Yueguang , Cheung Hil Fung Harry , Nygren Katherine E. , Swyt Mitchell , Buchanan Kristen S. , Fuchs Gregory D. , Flatté Michael E. , Srinivasan Gopalan , Page Michael , Johnston-Halperin Ezekiel
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate indirect electric-field control of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in devices that integrate the low-loss, molecule-based, room-temperature ferrimagnet vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x∼2) mechanically coupled to PMN-PT piezoelectric transducers. Upon straining the V[TCNE]x films, the FMR frequency is tuned by more than 6 times the resonant linewidth with no change in Gilbert damping for samples with α = 6.5 × 10−5. We show this tuning effect is due to a strain-dependent magnetic anisotropy in the films and find the magnetoelastic coefficient |λs| ∼ (1–4.4) ppm, backed by theoretical predictions from density-functional theory calculations and magnetoelastic theory. Noting the rapidly expanding application space for strain-tuned FMR, we define a new metric for magnetostrictive materials, magnetostrictive agility, given by the ratio of the magnetoelastic coefficient to the FMR linewidth. This agility allows for a direct comparison between magnetostrictive materials in terms of their comparative efficacy for magnetoelectric applications requiring ultra-low loss magnetic resonance modulated by strain. With this metric, we show V[TCNE]x is competitive with other magnetostrictive materials, including YIG and Terfenol-D. This combination of ultra-narrow linewidth and magnetostriction, in a system that can be directly integrated into functional devices without requiring heterogeneous integration in a thin film geometry, promises unprecedented functionality for electric-field tuned microwave devices ranging from low-power, compact filters and circulators to emerging applications in quantum information science and technology.
On-chip quasi-light storage for long optical delays using Brillouin scattering
Authors: Merklein Moritz , Goulden Lachlan , Kiewiet Max , Liu Yang , Lai Choon Kong , Choi Duk-Yong , Madden Stephen J. , Poulton Christopher G. , Eggleton Benjamin J.
Published: May 2024

Efficient and extended light storage mechanisms are pivotal in photonics, particularly in optical communications, microwave photonics, and quantum networks, as they offer a direct route to circumvent electrical conversion losses and surmount bandwidth constraints. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) is an established method to store optical information by transferring it to the acoustic domain, but current on-chip SBS efforts have limited bandwidth or storage time due to the phonon lifetime of several nanoseconds. An alternate approach known as quasi-light storage (QLS), which involves the creation of delayed replicas of optical data pulses via SBS in conjunction with a frequency comb, has been proposed to lift the storage time constraint; however, its realization has been confined to lengthy optical fibers, constraining integration with on-chip optical elements and form factors. Here, we present an experimental demonstration of QLS on a photonic chip leveraging the large SBS gain of chalcogenide glass, achieving delays of up to 500 ns for 1 ns long signal pulses, surpassing typical Brillouin storage processes' acoustic lifetime by more than an order of magnitude and waveguide transit time by two orders of magnitude. We experimentally and numerically investigate the dynamics of on-chip QLS and reveal that the interplay between the acoustic wave that stores the optical signal and subsequent optical pump pulses leads to a reshaping of the acoustic field. Our demonstrations illustrate the potential for achieving ultra-long storage times of individual pulses by several hundred pulse widths, marking a significant stride toward advancing the field of all-optical storage and delay mechanisms.
Constructing an elderly health monitoring system using fuzzy rules and Internet of Things
Authors: Isa Indra Griha Tofik , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam , Efendi Adhan , Nugroho Yohanes Sinung , Nasrullah Hamid , Sari Meli Puspita
Published: May 2024

Monitoring the health of the elderly using wearable sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) devices necessitates the collection of data from various sources, thereby increasing the volume of data to be gathered at the monitoring center. As previously elucidated, the system exhibits high accuracy in measuring variables such as blood oxygen saturation (BOS) and heart rate (HR), as well as demonstrating proficient accuracy in implementing fuzzy rules to detect the “stable” or “unstable” condition of elderly patients. Therefore, by integrating wearable sensors and IoT devices into the elderly health monitoring system, we can enhance the quality of monitoring and provide more timely healthcare solutions tailored to the elderly population’s needs. The integration of fuzzy rules and IoT technology into the elderly health monitoring system offers an efficient and effective solution for continuous health surveillance. In this research, we integrated fuzzy rules and IoT technology into the elderly health monitoring system using parameters such as BOS and HR, through the integration of MAX30100 sensors and ESP32 microprocessors. The implementation of fuzzy rules resulted in nine rules indicating whether an elderly patient is in a “stable” or “unstable” condition. The methodology involved (1) component preparation, (2) device accuracy analysis, (3) fuzzy rule development, (4) Android-based mobile application development, (5) fuzzy rule accuracy analysis, and (6) cost analysis. Experimental results indicated a device accuracy of 98.89% in measuring BOS and HR variables compared to medical devices and a fuzzy rule accuracy of 96% in detecting whether the patient’s condition is “stable” or “unstable.” Based on the experimental findings, the elderly health monitoring system provides a user-friendly, precise, and cost-effective solution to enhance the quality of life for the elderly population.
Laser protection by using vortex wavefront coding imaging system
Authors: Li Yangliang , Luo Haoqi , Ye Qing , Wu Yunlong , Zhang Junyu , Chen Dake , Sun Xiaoquan
Published: May 2024

Laser blindness can reduce or disable the information acquisition ability of photoelectric imaging systems. In this paper, numerical simulation and experimental verification are both performed to systematically study the laser protection performance of the vortex phase mask. First, the imaging model and laser transmission model of the vortex wavefront coding imaging system are introduced in detail. Then, the experimental setup of the imaging system is built, and the imaging result of the imaging system is obtained. Finally, the influence of propagation distance on the maximum single-pixel receiving power and suppression ratio of the imaging system is measured experimentally. The simulation and experimental results both show that the energy suppression ratio of this method can reach more than two orders of magnitude compared with the conventional imaging system, and the probability of laser blindness can be effectively reduced.
Investigation of melt flow index and tensile properties of dual metal reinforced polymer composites for 3D printing using machine learning approach: Biomedical and engineering applications
Authors: Manola Mukesh Singh , Singh Balwant , Singla Manoj Kumar , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh , Kumar Raman , Bisht Yashwant Singh , Kumar Raman , Alkahtani Meshel Q. , Islam Saiful , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the enhancement of mechanical properties of metal/polymer composites produced through fused deposition modeling and the prediction of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) by machine learning using a Classification and Regression Tree (CART). The composites, comprising 80% acrylonitrile butadiene styrene matrix and 10% each of aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) fillers, were subjected to a comprehensive exploration of printing parameters, including printing temperature, infill pattern, and infill density using the Taguchi method. The CART unveiled a hierarchical tree structure with four terminal nodes, each representing distinct subgroups of materials characterized by similar UTS properties. The predictors’ importance was assessed, highlighting their role in determining material strength. The model exhibited a high predictive power with an R-squared value of 0.9154 on the training data and 0.8922 on the test data, demonstrating its efficacy in capturing variability. The optimal combination of parameters for maximizing UTS was a zigzag infill pattern, a printing temperature of 245 °C, and an infill density of 10%, which is associated with the highest UTS of 680 N. The model’s reliability was confirmed through a paired t-test and test and confidence interval for two variances, revealing no significant difference between the observed and predicted UTS values. This research contributes to advancing additive manufacturing processes by leveraging CART analysis to optimize printing parameters and predict material strength. The identified optimal conditions and subgroup characteristics pave the way for developing robust and predictable metal/polymer composites, offering valuable insights for material design in the era of advanced manufacturing technologies.
Testing the auto-regressive integrated moving average approach vs the support vector machines-based model for materials forecasting to reduce inventory
Authors: Sathish T. , LaluPrasad Sethala , Patil Shashwath , Ibrahim Ahmed Ahmed , Khan Salahuddin , Saravanan R. , Giri Jayant
Published: May 2024

Poor planning and scheduling increase buying, storage, and obsolescence expenses. Material shortages increase labor, machine optimum time, etc. Industrial raw materials, semi-finished items, spares, and consumables have distinct consumption patterns, reorder points, purchase lead times, quantity limits, discounts, etc. To save money, machine learning predicts demand and prepares materials. This study employs ARIMA or Support Vector Machine (SVM) machine learning-based forecasting approaches to forecast materials for less inventory. Feature engineering eliminates seasonality, time series, and external demand and ignores data irregularities, missing figures, and disparities. This approach needs to adapt traits to factors, separate test and training data, and consider many future models to represent the best forecasts. Forecast reliability and consistency were examined for each model. Inventory management systems were evaluated for computational complexity and installation ease and found implementation issues. Both models’ input data and resilience were examined using sensitivity analysis. Accurate prediction SVM and ARIMA predict material demand differently. Meaningful statistics show the optimal model. Performance differences between SVM and ARIMA enhance model selection. Thinking about the execution of high inventory system integration and computational complexity, response surface methodology chooses factorial variables with the highest or lowest responses. Analysis of variance, factor analysis, and effect modeling expansions demonstrated for the response.
First-principles study of adsorption, dissociation, and diffusion of hydrogen on α-U (110) surface
Authors: Xu Zihan , Qin Chenglong , Yu Yushu , Jiang Gang , Zhao Liang
Published: May 2024

According to the equilibrium crystal shape of α-U, the surface of α-U (110) is more stable and has a larger area fraction than α-U (001). Therefore, the adsorption, dissociation, and diffusion behaviors of H atoms and H2 molecules on the α-U (110) surface were systematically studied by first-principles calculations. The results show that there are only two stable adsorption sites for the H atom: the surface short-bridge site (SB1) and the subsurface short-bridge site (SB2). The adsorption of H2 molecules is divided into chemical adsorption of dissociated H2 molecules and physical adsorption of undissociated H2 molecules, and the LB2-ParL adsorption configuration is the most stable adsorption configuration for H2 molecule adsorption, with an adsorption energy of −0.250 eV. The work function and charge transfer show that adsorption of the H atom or H2 molecule leads to an increase in the work function value of the α-U (110) surface, which enhances the electronic stability of the α-U (110) surface. The projected density of states shows that when the H atom or H2 molecule is close to the α-U (110) surface, the 1s orbital electrons of the H atom will hybridize with the 5f/6d orbital electrons of the nearby surface and subsurface U atoms, and new hybridized orbital peaks appear near the −4.5 eV or −7.3 eV energy level. The climbing image nudged elastic band study shows that the surface free H atoms are very easy to diffuse between the surface short-bridge sites and the subsurface short-bridge sites but the diffusion between the short-bridge site and the triangular center site is extremely difficult.
Study of in vitro wear resistance and degradation properties of self-made treated medical magnesium alloys
Authors: Yuan Kezhen , Guo Xuan , Gao Dongfang , Li Xian , Qiao Yang
Published: May 2024

Magnesium alloy shows promise of becoming a new generation of degradable biomaterials because of its good biocompatibility and mechanical properties. This paper details the preparation of magnesium alloy by adding calcium and zinc elements to pure magnesium at a specific ratio and strengthened by solid solution treatment and extrusion. The magnesium alloy is subjected to micro-motion wear testing, in vitro degradation product analysis, and in vitro biocompatibility testing and demonstrates excellent performance. The study demonstrates that the prepared Mg-2.0Zn-1.6Ca alloy friction ring has an elliptical shape with a low friction coefficient, which notably enhances the wear resistance of the material. Furthermore, the corrosion of magnesium alloy products in simulated body fluids does not adversely affect the human body. This is because the surface of the magnesium alloy favors cell growth and has excellent antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this paper is to enhance the preparation, surface friction properties, and biocompatibility of magnesium alloys and to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the preparation, processing, and application of high-performance medical magnesium alloys.
ZEPPI: Proteome-scale sequence-based evaluation of protein–protein interaction models
Authors: Zhao Haiqing , Petrey Donald , Murray Diana , Honig Barry
Published: May 2024

We introduce ZEPPI (Z-score Evaluation of Protein–Protein Interfaces), a framework to evaluate structural models of a complex based on sequence coevolution and conservation involving residues in protein–protein interfaces. The ZEPPI score is calculated by comparing metrics for an interface to those obtained from randomly chosen residues. Since contacting residues are defined by the structural model, this obviates the need to account for indirect interactions. Further, although ZEPPI relies on species-paired multiple sequence alignments, its focus on interfacial residues allows it to leverage quite shallow alignments. ZEPPI can be implemented on a proteome-wide scale and is applied here to millions of structural models of dimeric complexes in the

E
scherichia
coli

and human interactomes found in the PrePPI database. PrePPI’s scoring function is based primarily on the evaluation of protein–protein interfaces, and ZEPPI adds a new feature to this analysis through the incorporation of evolutionary information. ZEPPI performance is evaluated through applications to experimentally determined complexes and to decoys from the CASP-CAPRI experiment. As we discuss, the standard CAPRI scores used to evaluate docking models are based on model quality and not on the ability to give yes/no answers as to whether two proteins interact. ZEPPI is able to detect weak signals from PPI models that the CAPRI scores define as incorrect and, similarly, to identify potential PPIs defined as low confidence by the current PrePPI scoring function. A number of examples that illustrate how the combination of PrePPI and ZEPPI can yield functional hypotheses are provided.