bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Kathon, a Chemical Used Widely as a Microbicide, on the Survival of Two Species of Mosquitoes
Authors: He Wen-Ze , Pan Li-Long , Han Wen-Hao , Abd-Rabou Shaaban , Liu Shu-Sheng , Wang Xiao-Wei
Published: July 2021

In recent decades, demands for novel insecticides against mosquitoes are soaring, yet candidate chemicals with desirable properties are limited. Kathon is a broad-spectrum isothiazolinone microbicide, but other applications remain uncharacterized. First, we treated larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus, two major mosquito vectors of human viral diseases, with Kathon at 15 mg/L (a concentration considered safe in cosmetic and body care products), and at lower concentrations, and found that Kathon treatment resulted in high mortality of larvae. Second, sublethal concentration of Kathon can cause significantly prolonged larval development of C. quinquefasciatus. Third, we explored the effects of two constituents of Kathon, chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT), on the survival of larvae, and found that CMIT was the major toxic component. Further, we explored the mechanisms of action of Kathon against insect cells and found that Kathon reduces cell viability and adenosine triphosphate production but promotes the release of lactate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. Our results indicate that Kathon is highly toxic to mosquito larvae, and we highlight its potential in the development of new larvicides for mosquito control.
Davidones F and G, Two Novel Flavonoids from Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels
Authors: Song Ping , Li Xuecui , Zhou Tongxi , Peng Yu , Choi Ho-Young , Ma Yuanren , Yang Xinzhou
Published: July 2021

An unprecedented novel flavanone davidone F (1) with a seven-membered ring side chain, and a novel flavanonol davidone G (2), along with 11 known flavonoids, were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels. Their planar structures were established by UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR data. The relative configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by calculation of NMR chemical shift values, the absolute configuration of 1 and 2 were assigned by comparing their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Moreover, compounds 1–13 were screened for the translocation activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4), and the fluorescence intensity was increased to the range of 1.56 and 2.79 folds. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate GLUT-4 translocation activity with 1.64 and 1.79 folds enhancement, respectively, at a concentration of 20 μg/mL.
Modified Baby Milk—Bioelements Composition and Toxic Elements Contamination
Authors: Maruszewska Agnieszka , Żwierełło Wojciech , Skórka-Majewicz Marta , Baranowska-Bosiacka Irena , Wszołek Agata , Janda Katarzyna , Kulis Daria , Kapczuk Patrycja , Chlubek Dariusz , Gutowska Izabela
Published: July 2021

Breast milk has the most suitable composition for the proper development in the first year of a child’s life. However, it is often replaced with artificial milk. The aim of the study was to analyze the composition of essential elements: Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn as well as toxic elements: Ni, Pb, Sr, Li, and In in 18 formulas available in Poland. The daily supply was also estimated. The study was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry method. The results showed the presence of all essential elements tested, but the content of P and Mn significantly differed from the concentrations declared. Such discrepancies can have significant impact on the daily dose of the bioelements taken. However, the content of elements was within the reference standards established by the EU Directive with exception of P, the amount of which exceeded the norms 5.23–18.80-times. Daily supply of P in tested milk as well as Fe and Mn provided with first and hypoallergenic formula exceeded the adequate intake. Analysis revealed the contamination with harmful elements—Pb, Sr, Li, and In were detected in almost all products. The study confirms the data concerning some discrepancies in composition and the contamination of food and may provide information on the feeding quality of children and estimation of health risk associated with exposure to toxic elements.
Challenges and Progress in Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Co-Crystal Development
Authors: Nugrahani Ilma , Parwati Rismaya Desti
Published: July 2021

Co-crystal innovation is an opportunity in drug development for both scientists and industry. In line with the “green pharmacy” concept for obtaining safer methods and advanced pharmaceutical products, co-crystallization is one of the most promising approaches to find novel patent drugs, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). This kind of multi-component system improves previously poor physicochemical and mechanical properties through non-covalent interactions. Practically, there are many challenges to find commercially viable co-crystal drugs. The difficulty in selecting co-formers becomes the primary problem, followed by unexpected results, such as decreased solubility and dissolution, spring and parachute effect, microenvironment pH effects, changes in instability, and polymorphisms, which can occur during the co-crystal development. However, over time, NSAID co-crystals have been continuously updated regarding co-formers selection and methods development.
Influence of Pumping Regime on Temperature Resolution in Nanothermometry
Authors: Thiem Jonas , Ruehl Axel , Ristau Detlev
Published: July 2021

In recent years, optical nanothermometers have seen huge improvements in terms of precision as well as versatility, and several research efforts have been directed at adapting novel active materials or further optimizing the temperature sensitivity. The signal-to-noise ratio of the emission lines is commonly seen as the only limitation regarding high precision measurements. The role of re-absorption caused by a population of lower energy levels, however, has so far been neglected as a potential bottleneck for both high resolution and material selection. In this work, we conduct a study of the time dependent evolution of population densities in different luminescence nanothermometer classes under the commonly used pulsed excitation scheme. It is shown that the population of lower energy levels varies when the pump source fluctuates in terms of power and pulse duration. This leads to a significant degradation in temperature resolution, with limiting values of 0.5 K for common systems. Our study on the error margin indicates that either short pulsed or continuous excitation should be preferred for high precision measurements. Additionally, we derive conversion factors, enabling the re-calibration of currently available intensity ratio measurements to the steady state regime, thus facilitating the transition from pulse regimes to continuous excitation.
Zebrafish Models for the Safety and Therapeutic Testing of Nanoparticles with a Focus on Macrophages
Authors: Pensado-López Alba , Fernández-Rey Juan , Reimunde Pedro , Crecente-Campo José , Sánchez Laura , Torres Andón Fernando
Published: July 2021

New nanoparticles and biomaterials are increasingly being used in biomedical research for drug delivery, diagnostic applications, or vaccines, and they are also present in numerous commercial products, in the environment and workplaces. Thus, the evaluation of the safety and possible therapeutic application of these nanomaterials has become of foremost importance for the proper progress of nanotechnology. Due to economical and ethical issues, in vitro and in vivo methods are encouraged for the testing of new compounds and/or nanoparticles, however in vivo models are still needed. In this scenario, zebrafish (Danio rerio) has demonstrated potential for toxicological and pharmacological screenings. Zebrafish presents an innate immune system, from early developmental stages, with conserved macrophage phenotypes and functions with respect to humans. This fact, combined with the transparency of zebrafish, the availability of models with fluorescently labelled macrophages, as well as a broad variety of disease models offers great possibilities for the testing of new nanoparticles. Thus, with a particular focus on macrophage–nanoparticle interaction in vivo, here, we review the studies using zebrafish for toxicological and biodistribution testing of nanoparticles, and also the possibilities for their preclinical evaluation in various diseases, including cancer and autoimmune, neuroinflammatory, and infectious diseases.
Linking Bi-Metal Distribution Patterns in Porous Carbon Nitride Fullerene to Its Catalytic Activity toward Gas Adsorption
Authors: Nematollahi Parisa , Neyts Erik C.
Published: July 2021

Immobilization of two single transition metal (TM) atoms on a substrate host opens numerous possibilities for catalyst design. If the substrate contains more than one vacancy site, the combination of TMs along with their distribution patterns becomes a design parameter potentially complementary to the substrate itself and the bi-metal composition. By means of DFT calculations, we modeled three dissimilar bi-metal atoms (Ti, Mn, and Cu) doped into the six porphyrin-like cavities of porous C24N24 fullerene, considering different bi-metal distribution patterns for each binary complex, viz. TixCuz@C24N24, TixMny@C24N24, and MnyCuz@C24N24 (with x, y, z = 0–6). We elucidate whether controlling the distribution of bi-metal atoms into the C24N24 cavities can alter their catalytic activity toward CO2, NO2, H2, and N2 gas capture. Interestingly, Ti2Mn4@C24N24 and Ti2Cu4@C24N24 complexes showed the highest activity and selectively toward gas capture. Our findings provide useful information for further design of novel few-atom carbon-nitride-based catalysts.
Sarcoptes Infestation. What Is Already Known, and What Is New about Scabies at the Beginning of the Third Decade of the 21st Century?
Authors: Talaga-Ćwiertnia Katarzyna
Published: July 2021

Currently, there are three known subtypes of scabies: ordinary, crusted, and bullous. The worldwide prevalence of scabies remains high in the 21st century. To decrease the social, economic, and psychological impact on the enormous population infected, a lot of important work has been completed over the last 20 years concerning the management of scabies. For example, a standardization of guidelines for the treatment of scabies has been completed and programs have been designed for the prevention and treatment in endemic populations, called mass drug administrations. Unfortunately, these only apply to the ordinary form of scabies. Moreover, resistance to the drugs currently used in treatment is growing, which imposes the need to search for new treatments. For this purpose, new acaricides are being developed to enhance the therapeutic options for the patients’ benefit and effectively treat this disease. There is also the necessity for prevention before the development of scabies. An effective vaccine has the potential to protect people before this disease, especially in endemic areas. Unfortunately, there are no such vaccines against Sarcoptes yet.
Controlled Coherence Plasmonic Light Sources
Authors: Gbur Greg , Smith Matt
Published: July 2021

Through a computational model, we study the coherence converting capabilities of an array of holes in a surface plasmon-supporting metal plate, with an eye towards the creation of controlled coherence plasmonic light sources. We evaluate how the average coherence and transmission of the hole array depends on the parameters of the array, such as the array geometry, lattice constant, and hole size. We show that the location of coherence bandgaps and resonances can be estimated through a simple formula and that increases in coherence are strongly correlated with increases in transmission.
Transgene CpNAC68 from Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) Improves Arabidopsis Survival of Multiple Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Lin Jie , Liu Daofeng , Wang Xia , Ahmed Sajjad , Li Mingyang , Kovinich Nik , Sui Shunzhao
Published: July 2021

The NAC (NAM, ATAFs, CUC) family of transcription factors (TFs) play a pivotal role in regulating all processes of the growth and development of plants, as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Yet, the functions of NACs from non-model plant species remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we characterized the stress-responsive effects of a NAC gene isolated from wintersweet, an ornamental woody plant that blooms in winter when temperatures are low. CpNAC68 is clustered in the NAM subfamily. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activity assays demonstrated a nuclear protein that has transcription activator activities. qRT-PCR analyses revealed that CpNAC68 was ubiquitously expressed in old flowers and leaves. Additionally, the expression of CpNAC68 is induced by disparate abiotic stresses and hormone treatments, including drought, heat, cold, salinity, GA, JA, and SA. Ectopic overexpression of CpNAC68 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced the tolerance of transgenic plants to cold, heat, salinity, and osmotic stress, yet had no effect on growth and development. The survival rate and chlorophyll amounts following stress treatments were significantly higher than wild type Arabidopsis, and were accompanied by lower electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) amounts. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that CpNAC68 can be used as a tool to enhance plant tolerance to multiple stresses, suggesting a role in abiotic stress tolerance in wintersweet.
Arsenic and Fluoride in Groundwater, Prevalence and Alternative Removal Approach
Authors: Robledo-Peralta Adriana , López-Guzmán Miriam , Morales-Amaya Corazón G. , Reynoso-Cuevas Liliana
Published: July 2021

Contamination of drinking water by arsenic and fluoride is a global problem, as more than 300 million people in more than 100 countries have been affected by their presence. These elements are considered the most serious contaminants in drinking water and their removal is a worldwide concern. Therefore, the evaluation of three alternative approaches—electrocoagulation, adsorption by biomaterials, and adsorption by metal oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)—was performed for arsenic and fluoride removal from groundwater. Arsenic removal from synthetic and groundwater (well water) was accomplished with the three processes; meanwhile, fluoride removal from groundwater was only reported by two methods. The results indicate that an electrocoagulation process is a good option for As (>97%) and F (>90%) removal in co-occurrence; however, the operational conditions for the removal of both pollutants must be driven by those used for fluoride removal. As (80–83%) and F (>90%) removal with the biomaterials was also successful, even when the application objective was fluoride removal. Finally, MNPs (Co and Mn) were designed and applied only for arsenic removal and reached >95%. Factors such as the pH, the presence of interfering ions, and the initial concentration of the contaminants are decisive in the treatment process’s efficiency.
Double Closed-Loop Compound Control Strategy for Magnetic Liquid Double Suspension Bearing
Authors: Zhao Jianhua , Wang Yongqiang , Ma Xuchao , Li Sheng , Gao Dianrong , Du Guojun
Published: July 2021

As a new type of suspension bearing, the magnetic liquid double suspension bearing (MLDSB) is mainly supported by electromagnetic suspension and supplemented by hydrostatic support. At present, the MLDSB adopts the regulation strategy of “electromagnetic-position feedback closed-loop, hydrostatic constant-flow supply” (referred to as CFC mode). In the equilibrium position, the external load is carried by the electromagnetic system, and the hydrostatic system produces no supporting force. Thus, the carrying capacity and supporting stiffness of the MLDSB can be reduced. To solve this problem, the double closed-loop control strategy of “electromagnetic system-force feedback inner loop and hydrostatic-position feedback outer loop” (referred to as DCL mode) was proposed to improve the bearing performance and operation stability of the MLDSB. First, the mathematical models of CFC mode and DCL mode of the single DOF supporting system were established. Second, the real-time variation laws of rotor displacement, flow/hydrostatic force, and regulating current/electromagnetic force in the two control modes were plotted, compared, and analyzed. Finally, the influence law of initial current, flow, and controller parameters on the dynamic and static characteristic index were analyzed in detail. The results show that compared with that in CFC mode, the displacement in DCL mode is smaller, and the adjustment time is shorter. The hydrostatic force is equal to the electromagnetic force in DCL mode when the rotor returns to the balance position. Moreover, the system in DCL mode has better robustness, and the initial flow has a more obvious influence on the dynamic and static characteristic indexes. This study provides a theoretical basis for stable suspension control and the safe and reliable operation of the MLDSB.
Dosimetric Parameters Predicting Tooth Loss after Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Tumors
Authors: Kubo Nobuteru , Sakai Makoto , Kawamura Hidemasa , Oike Takahiro , Kubota Yoshiki , Anakura Mai , Adachi Akiko , Sato Hiro , Musha Atsushi , Okano Naoko , Kaminuma Takuya , Shirai Katsuyuki , Saitoh Jun-ichi , Yokoo Satoshi , Chikamatsu Kazuaki , Ohno Tatsuya
Published: July 2021

Background: Tooth loss reduces quality of life; however, little is known about tooth loss caused by carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT). Here, we aimed to elucidate the incidence of tooth loss post-CIRT for head and neck tumors and to identify risk-predictive dosimetric parameters. Methods: This study enrolled 14 patients (i.e., 171 teeth in total) with head and neck non-squamous cell carcinoma. All patients received CIRT comprised of 57.6 or 64.0 Gy (relative biological effectiveness, RBE) in 16 fractions. Dose–volume analysis of the teeth was performed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with VX (i.e., the volume irradiated with X Gy (RBE)). Results: The median follow-up period was 69.1 months. The median time of tooth loss was 38.6 months. The 5 year cumulative incidence of tooth loss was 13.3%. The volume of irradiated teeth was significantly greater for the lost teeth than for the remaining teeth throughout the dose range. Using the cut-offs calculated from ROC curve analysis, V30–V60 showed high accuracy (i.e., >94%) for predicting tooth loss, with V50 being the most accurate (cut-off, 58.1%; accuracy, 0.95). Conclusions: This is the first report to examine the incidence of tooth loss post-CIRT and to identify risk-predictive dosimetric parameters.
Psychological and Gender Differences in a Simulated Cheating Coercion Situation at School
Authors: Martínez-González Marina Begoña , Arenas-Rivera Claudia Patricia , Cardozo-Rusinque Aura Alicia , Morales-Cuadro Aldair Ricardo , Acuña-Rodríguez Mónica , Turizo-Palencia Yamile , Clemente-Suárez Vicente Javier
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to analyze gender, anxiety, and psychological inflexibility differences of high school students’ behaviors in a simulated situation of peer coercion into academic cheating. Method: A total of 1147 volunteer adolescents participated, (Men: N = 479; Mage = 16.3; Women: N = 668; Mage = 16.2). The participants saw 15 s animated online video presenting peer coercion into an academic cheating situation, including a questionnaire about their reactions to face the situation. They also answered the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory for children and adolescents and the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y). Gender was associated with the behaviors facing the situation. Higher state anxiety and inflexibility were present in those participants that avoided aggressive behaviors facing the situation; on the other hand, trait anxiety was present in those who reacted aggressively. Finally, higher anxiety and inflexibility were associated with the used moral disengagement mechanisms, but also with peers’ perception as sanctioning or being against the participants’ decision. The most aggressive students were more flexible and less stressed than those who tried to solve assertively. Expectations about peers seem to be relevant to the decision-making facing moral dilemmas and peer victimization.
In Vitro and In Vivo Antifibrotic Effects of Fraxetin on Renal Interstitial Fibrosis via the ERK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hsieh Yi-Hsien , Hung Tung-Wei , Chen Yong-Syuan , Huang Yi-Ning , Chiou Hui-Ling , Lee Chu-Che , Tsai Jen-Pi
Published: July 2021

Fraxetin, a natural derivative of coumarin, is known to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and hepatoprotective effects in multiple diseases and in liver fibrosis. Whether fraxetin exerts similar effects against renal fibrosis is unknown. In a Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO) mouse model of renal fibrosis, fraxetin decreased UUO-induced renal dysfunction with a marked reduction in renal interstitial collagen fibers as detected by Masson’s Trichrome staining. Fraxetin treatment also inhibited the expression of α-SMA, Collagen I, Collagen IV, fibronectin, N-cadherin, vimentin, phosphorylated-ERK, and increased the expression of E-cadherin in UUO mice, as shown by immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis. In vitro studies showed that fraxetin and indoxyl sulfate had no cytotoxic effects on MES13 kidney cells, but that fraxetin significantly decreased IS-induced cell motility and decreased protein expression of α-SMA, N-cadherin, vimentin, and Collagen IV via the ERK-mediated signaling pathway. These findings provide insight into the mechanism underlying fraxetin-induced inhibition of fibrogenesis in renal tissue and suggest that fraxetin treatment may be beneficial for slowing CKD progression.
Next Generation Design and Prospects for Cannex
Authors: Sedmik René I. P. , Pitschmann Mario
Published: July 2021

The Casimir And Non-Newtonian force EXperiment (Cannex) implements the unique geometry of macroscopic plane parallel plates that guarantees an optimum sensitivity with respect to interfacial forces and their gradients. Based on experience from the recently completed proof-of-principle phase, we have started a re-design of the setup aiming to reduce systematic effects and maximize the achievable sensitivity. Several propositions have been made to measure Casimir forces in and out of thermal equilibrium, hypothetical axion and axion-like dark matter interactions, and forces originating from chameleon or symmetron dark energy interactions. In the present article, we give details on the design for the next implementation stage of Cannex and discuss the experimental opportunities, as well as limitations expected for this new setup.
Healthcare Workers’ Willingness to Receive Influenza Vaccination in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey in Southern Italy
Authors: Di Giuseppe Gabriella , Pelullo Concetta P. , Paolantonio Andrea , Della Polla Giorgia , Pavia Maria
Published: July 2021

This cross-sectional survey was designed to evaluate hospital healthcare workers’ (HCWs) willingness to receive the influenza vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the related determinants, since it is plausible that the two epidemics will coexist in future winters. Overall, 68% out of 490 participants expressed their willingness to receive influenza vaccination in the 2020/21 season, with 95% of those ever and 45.8% of those never vaccinated in the previous six influenza seasons. Belief that influenza vaccine is useful in distinguishing influenza symptoms from those of COVID-19 and that the influenza vaccine is useful to prevent influenza in hospital settings, willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination, having no concern about influenza vaccine side effects, concern about the possibility to transmit influenza to hospitalized patients, and influenza vaccination in previous years were all predictors of willingness to receive influenza vaccination. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, a relevant increase in the willingness to undergo influenza vaccination was reported. Therefore, interventions focused primarily on enabling factors are needed to promote the adherence to influenza vaccination in future seasons among HCWs.
Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Socio-Demographics, Co-Morbidity, and Past Experience of Racial Discrimination
Authors: Savoia Elena , Piltch-Loeb Rachael , Goldberg Beth , Miller-Idriss Cynthia , Hughes Brian , Montrond Alberto , Kayyem Juliette , Testa Marcia A.
Published: July 2021

The goal of this study is to explore predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, including socio-demographic factors, comorbidity, risk perception, and experience of discrimination, in a sample of the U.S. population. We used a cross-sectional online survey study design, implemented between 13–23 December 2020. The survey was limited to respondents residing in the USA, belonging to priority groups for vaccine distribution. Responses were received from 2650 individuals (response rate 84%) from all 50 states and Puerto Rico, American Samoa, and Guam. The five most represented states were California (13%), New York (10%), Texas (7%), Florida (6%), and Pennsylvania (4%). The majority of respondents were in the age category 25–44 years (66%), male (53%), and working in the healthcare sector (61%). Most were White and non-Hispanic (66%), followed by Black and non-Hispanic (14%) and Hispanic (8%) respondents. Experience with racial discrimination was a predictor of vaccine hesitancy. Those reporting racial discrimination had 21% increased odds of being at a higher level of hesitancy compared to those who did not report such experience (OR = 1.21, 95% C.I. 1.01–1.45). Communication and logistical aspects during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign need to be sensitive to individuals’ past-experience of racial discrimination in order to increase vaccine coverage.
A Quantitative ELISA Protocol for Detection of Specific Human IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
Authors: Vernet Rémi , Charrier Emily , Grogg Julien , Mach Nicolas
Published: July 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a worldwide pandemic with at least 3.8 million deaths to date. For that reason, finding an efficient vaccine for this virus quickly became a global priority. The majority of vaccines now marketed are based on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that has been described as the keystone for optimal immunization. In order to monitor SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific humoral responses generated by immunization or infection, we have developed a robust and reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol. This protocol describes a method for quantitative detection of IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using antigen-coated microtiter plates. Results showed that antibodies could be quantified between the range of 1.953 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL with limited inter- and intra-assay variability.
Recent Changes in Temperature and Precipitation of the Summer and Autumn Seasons over Fujian Province, China
Authors: Ma Zhiguo , Guo Qinyu , Yang Feiyue , Chen Huiling , Li Wenqing , Lin Lili , Zheng Chaoyuan
Published: July 2021

Based on the observation data of daily temperature and precipitation in summer and autumn of 68 representative meteorological stations in Fujian Province from 1971 to 2018, using the climate Tendency Rate, Mann-Kendall trend test, Morlet wavelet analysis and other methods, this paper analyzes the variation trends of air temperature and annual precipitation and the wavelet periodic variation characteristics of annual precipitation time series in summer and autumn of Fujian Province over a period of approximately 48 years. The results show that over the approximately 48 years, the temperature and precipitation in summer and autumn in Fujian showed an obvious upward trend, which had a mutation around 2000, but the mutation time was different, and the precipitation was slightly earlier. The annual temperature and precipitation in summer and autumn experienced three oscillations on the 28a scale. In the 28a time scale of summer autumn seasonal oscillation, there are three negative centers and two positive centers. According to the characteristics of annual average temperature and annual precipitation in the first major cycle, the annual precipitation in summer and autumn will continue to increase in the future.
Modern approaches to the formation of enterprise competitive strategy
Authors: Kuznetsova Inna , Gorbatiuk Valentyna
Published: July 2021

The article considers the approaches to the formation of a competitive strategy. The purpose of the article is to systematize existing approaches to the formation of a competitive strategy and highlight modern competitive strategies. The essence of the concepts «strategy» and «competitive strategy» is considered. Based on a critical analysis of the essence of «competitive strategy» concept, three approaches to its interpretation by various researchers are identified: it is aimed at creating a stable position in the market, provides for the creation of a sustainable competitive advantage, and it is aimed at achieving superiority over competitors. Based on the results of interpretations systematization and analysis of the essence of «strategy» concept, the author’s definition of competitive strategy as a direction of forming a competitive advantage for creating a unique value of the product is proposed. The process of choosing a competitive strategy by M. Porter has been analyzed and it has been established that after its development, further continuous improvement is necessary. The process of choosing a competitive strategy by M. Porter is analyzed and it has been established that after its development, further continuous improvement is necessary. The main approaches to the formation of a competitive strategy, which considering modern business trends are investigated: industry positioning, competitive cooperation, value disciplines, evolutionary theory and key competencies. The essence of the considered concepts, their advantages and disadvantages are clarified and two types of competition, typical for these concepts are identified, namely: tough competition; competition and cooperation. A number of competitive strategies, which take into account the specifics of modern enterprises, are investigated and the essence, necessary resources, output characteristics and type of competition for each of them are highlighted. It was substantiated that each of there searched strategies implements one of the basic competitive strategies: cost leadership or focusing. The cost leadership strategy using at domestic enterprises, which is the most acceptable for the modern realities of the functioning and development of business, is proposed,
Non-financial reporting of enterprises as an aspect of sustainable development management
Authors: Misko Hanna , Zvarych Lubov
Published: July 2021

The article considers the need for enterprises non-financial reports forming. The approaches of scientists to the directions of corporate social responsibility on the basis of sustainable development are revealed. It is established that the main directions of corporate social responsibility on the basis of sustainable development are: organizational management, human rights, labor practices, environment, good business practices, consumer protection, participation in community life and its development. The types of non-financial reporting are studied, namely: report on social and environmental projects, report on progress in the implementation of the principles of the UN Global Compact, report on the GRI standard, management report, integrated report. The components of non-financial reporting of enterprises in the context of corporate social responsibility on the basis of sustainable development are systematized. It is established that the non-financial reporting of the enterprise focuses on the highlighted results of corporate governance, social and environmental aspects and anti-corruption. A study of the components by types of non-financial reports found that they differ in the level of information disclosure. The advantages of compiling non-financial reporting by the enterprise are substantiated, which will provide an opportunity to improve its management, increase investor confidence in it and compare their achievements in the field of corporate social responsibility on the basis of sustainable development with other enterprises. It is proposed to expand the practice of compiling non-financial reports by enterprises, which will contribute to the formation of an effective management system to identify existing and predict potential internal and external threats to its activities, as well as to take measures to minimize the impact of these threats on the results of the enterprise activity on the basis of sustainable development.
Structural analysis of market logistics as an information prerequisite for its regulation
Authors: Lysyuk Vladimir , Diordiev Victor
Published: July 2021

The article presents studies of the logistics structure of commodity market, based on the provisions of the general parametric theory of systems (GPTS). The logistics analysis of commodity movement on the market is presented and typical scheme of goods movement on a logistic chain is offered. Considering market logistics as an organizational system, the article presents its parametric model in the form of a matrix, the elements of which are logistic entities with their connections. It is proved, that the main basic element of the matrix structure of logistics system of commodity movement is a business entity that participates in the production and promotion of goods on the market. The types of business entities, which operating in the logistics system of the commodity market, are systematized. It is determined that business entities, which are distributed in logistics chains and their links, perform certain logistics functions due to their properties. It has been proved that business entities, which can be included as elements of the matrix market structure, should have the functions of performing logistics services. The content of these services is revealed and analyzed. The use of the corresponding target function in calculating the optimal logistics chains of commodity movement in the market is substantiated. The application of this approach, based on the multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) is shown. It is determined that the goal of the proposed target function, by which the value added chain is calculated, is its maximization in the supply chain. Calculations for the target function allow you to determine the optimal route of commodity movement in the market and the relevant logistics entities through which this route passes. Thus, it is proposed to organize (highlight) the most profitable logistics chains of the market, which will significantly reduce the logistics costs of commodity movement, as well as reduce the risks of logistics barriers.
Assessment of enterprises liabilities in application conditions of international financial reporting standards
Authors: Kubik Valentina , Volchek Ruslan
Published: July 2021

The article considers the peculiarities of accounting assessment of short-term and long-term liabilities of enterprises based on different types of current value. It is established that the IAS and Ukrainian Accounting Standards don’t quite clearly formulate the provisions regarding the assessment at which accounting items should be evaluated when recognized and reflected in the balance sheet. This negatively affects to the quality of the reports provided by enterprises and requires the development of methodologies that specify the application of different types of assessment of enterprises liabilities, depending on the purpose of assessment. The subject of research is the procedures for evaluation the value of the enterprise’s liabilities. The purpose of the article is to solve the problem of enterprises liabilities evaluation at the present stage of accounting development in the context of international financial reporting standards application in Ukraine. The research methods are general scientific, namely: abstraction and concretization – for providing recommendations regarding the correct determination of the fair value of enterprises’ liabilities. It is proved, that the choice of the evaluation type of liabilities depends on the time of their implementation and the results of business negotiations. Recommendations for the correct evaluation of liabilities and disclosure information about them in the financial statements are formulated. It is recommended to reflect in the order of enterprise accounting policy the criteria according to which the discount rate is selected for determining the present value of various types of long-term liabilities. It is expedient to substantiate the materiality of the rate deviation on long-term interest loans in accordance with the terms of the agreements and the market interest rate. Indicators that can be used to determine the risk premium when choosing the discount rate are specified.
L’avènement au trône de Rama VII et l’orientation du nouveau règne selon les documents français
Authors: Hennequin Laurent
Published: July 2021

This study mostly relies, together with a few printed sources in French and in Thai, on unpublished correspondence by French authors kept in archives in France, namely the Archives nationales d’Outre-Mer (National Archives from Overseas), the Archives du ministère des Affaires étrangères (Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and the Archives du Service historique de l’Armée de terre (Archives of the Historical Services of the Army). From various points of view, this study considers the new measures King Rama VII imposed on the monarchy, which was still absolute at the time, the first series of reforms he undertook, and French perceptions of the modernisation of the Thai monarchy a few years before the revolution which instituted a constitutional government in 1932.
Spatial and Chronological Sketch of the Ancient City of Sambor Prei Kuk
Authors: Shimoda Ichita , Shimamoto Sae
Published: July 2021

Le site de Sambor Prei Kuk est celui d’Īśānapura, capitale du royaume de Chenla. Il comprend deux zones distinctes : d’une part, une «zone des temples » où se trouvent rassemblés la plupart des édifices religieux ; et, d’autre part, une «zone de la cité » , un espace quasi carré d’environ 2 km de côté, bordé par une douve sur trois de ses côtés. Alors que la «zone des temples » a été richement documentée dès les études menées dans la première moitié du XXe siècle, des enquêtes très récentes ont révélé, principalement dans la «zone de la cité » , la présence de nombreux vestiges jusque-là ignorés tels que sanctuaires de brique, fossés, remparts, chaussées, bassins, ou barrages. Le présent article passe en revue toutes les données disponibles, y compris les principaux nouveaux éléments mis au jour dans le cadre de ces enquêtes récentes. Il analyse en détail les inscriptions, statues, linteaux et traces de modification des monuments et, lorsque jugé nécessaire, décrit leur distribution spatiale. Il examine par ailleurs les implications de cette analyse pour la compréhension du site, notamment du point de vue de la chronologie de son occupation. Ainsi, certains nouveaux éléments mis au jour corroborent les périodes d’occupation définies pour la «zone des temples » par les études épigraphiques antérieures (VIIe et Xe siècles), d’autres confirment que l’occupation de la «zone de la cité » remonterait bien, elle aussi, au VIIe siècle et suggèrent que celle-ci aurait pu se poursuivre pendant toute la période angkorienne, le site constituant alors l’un des centres régionaux de l’empire.
KESIAPAN INTERNAL DIVISI RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PADA PT BIO FARMA (PERSERO) UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN CONTRACT RESEARCH ORGANIZATION (CRO)
Authors:   Universitas Pakuan Bogor, Wulandari Cyntia , Maharani Maharani , Djoharsjah T
Published: July 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai kesiapan aspek internal. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian nonhipotesa dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh staf pada divisi R&D PT Bio Farma. Sampel dipilih menggunakan random sampling method. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Teknik interpretasi aspek penilaian dilakukan dengan kategorisasi terhadap skor tanggapan responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada aspek pasar dengan nilai persentase 80,25% termasuk dalam kategori mampu, pada aspek sumber daya manusia mempunyai persentase 82,31% termasuk dalam kategori lebih dari mampu dan aspek teknik dan teknologi menunjukan nilai persentase 80% dengan kategori mampu. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan dasar dalam analisis studi kelayakan yang selanjutnya dapat dilakukan dalam pengembangan CRO pada divisi R&D PT Bio Farma. Selanjutnya juga dapat menjadi tambahan informasi pada analisis aspek eksternal dan perumusan perencanaan strategi bisnis bagi CRO tersebut. Abstract: This study aims to determine the value of internal aspects of readiness. This research is a non-hypothetical research with a quantitative approach. The population of this study were all staff in the R&D division of PT. Bio Farma. The sample was selected using a random sampling method. The data used is primary data collected through a questionnaire. The technique of interpreting the assessment aspect is done by categorizing the respondent's response scores. The results showed that the market aspect with a percentage value of 80.25% was included in the capable category, in the human resources aspect it had a percentage of 82.31% included in the more than capable category and technical and technological aspects showed a percentage value of 80% with the capable category. The results of this study can be used as a basic reference in the analysis of feasibility studies which can then be carried out in the development of CRO at the R&D division of PT Bio Farma. Furthermore, it can also be additional information on the analysis of external aspects and the formulation of business strategy planning for the CRO.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DAN EARNINGS MANAGEMENT: MANAGERIAL ENTRENCHMENT SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors:   Universitas Surabaya, Khosasi Steven , Eriandani Rizky ,   Universitas Surabaya
Published: July 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh managerial entrenchment terhadap hubungan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (CSR) dengan praktik manajemen laba. Data yang digunakan adalah semua perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2018. Proksi yang digunakan untuk mengukur managerial entrenchment adalah kepemilikan saham CEO dan masa jabatan CEO. Pengolahan data menggunakan moderated regression analysis. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menyatakan bahwa tanggungjawab sosial perusahaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap manajemen laba, sedangkan masa jabatan CEO dan kepemilikan saham CEO tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap hubungan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan dengan manajemen laba. Selain itu, pada penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa masa jabatan CEO memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kesenjangan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi bahwa walaupun managerial entrenchment tidak merusak hubungan CSR dan tindakan manajemen laba, namun managerial entrenchment menentukan jenis aktifitas CSR yang dilakukan perusahaan. Abstract: This study aims to examine the effect of managerial entrenchment on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings management practices. The data used are all manufacturing sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2016-2018 period. The proxies used to measure managerial entrenchment are CEO's share ownership and CEO's tenure. Data processing using moderated regression analysis. The results obtained indicate that corporate social responsibility harms earnings management. At the same time, the tenure of the CEO and CEO's share ownership does not affect the relationship between corporate social responsibility and earnings management. In addition, this study also found that CEO tenure has a significant influence on the corporate social responsibility gap. This study implies that although managerial entrenchment does not damage the relationship between CSR and earnings management actions, managerial entrenchment determines the company's types of CSR activities.
ALOKASI ANGGARAN, INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL, KINERJA KEUANGAN, DAN INDIKATOR KINERJA UTAMA BADAN LAYANAN UMUM
Authors:   UIN WALISONGO SEMARANG, Budi Hartono Setyo , Zaenuri Wahab ,   UIN WALISONGO SEMARANG, Mutiara Savitri Fania ,   UIN WALISONGO SEMARANG, Noor Farida Dessy ,   UIN WALISONGO SEMARANG, Ristianawati Yuyun ,   STIE Totalwin
Published: July 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini ditujukan pada anggaran dalam bentuk intangible asset (sumber daya manusia) dan tangible asset (aset tetap dan persediaan) yang diprediksi dapat mempengaruhi intellectual capital, kinerja keuangan sekarang dan mendatang, serta indikator kinerja utama. Alokasi anggaran sebagai baromater prioritas dalam mengembangkan intellectual capital ditujukan untuk memenuhi performa keuangan bagi indikator kinerja utama organisasi. Populasi yang juga menjadi sampel yaitu unit dan fakultas pada UIN Walisongo Semarang sebanyak 30 unit. Metode pengambilan sampling menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh yang mengambil seluruh populasi. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa laporan tahunan dan laporan pencapaian indikator kinerja utama tahun 2019-2020. Analisis data menggunakan path analysis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah alokasi APBN tahun 2019 UIN Walisongo hanya terfokus pada tangible asset sebesar 82%, sementara 18% dialokasikan untuk intangible asset. Intangible asset tidak berpengaruh secara terhadap semua hubungan, hanya tangible asset saja yang dapat mempengaruhi intellectual capital secara langsung dan kinerja keuangan sekarang secara tidak langsung. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perlu dilakukan audit sumber daya manusia sehingga dapat ditetapkan alokasi kebutuhan anggaran bagi intangible asset-nya. Abstract: This research is aimed at the budget in the form of intangible assets (human resources) and fixed assets and inventories that are predicted to affect intellectual capital, current and future financial performance, as well as key performance indicators. Budget allocation as a priority barometer in developing intellectual capital is aimed at meeting financial performance for the organization's main performance indicators. The population that is also a sample is 30 units and architecture at UIN Walisongo Semarang. The sampling method uses a saturated sample technique that takes the entire population. The data used is secondary data in the form of annual reports and performance indicator reports for 2019-2020. Data analysis using path analysis. The results of this study were that the 2019 State Budget allocation of UIN Walisongo only focused on tangible assets by 82%, while 18% was allocated for intangible assets. Intangible assets do not affect all relationships, only tangible assets can directly affect intellectual capital and current financial performance indirectly. Results Based on this research, it is necessary to conduct an audit of human resources so that they can determine the allocation of budget requirements for intangible assets.
X-RAY STUDIES OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL STEEL 20 - STAINLESS STEEL 50CR15MO2V AFTER EXPLOSION WELDING AND NORMALIZATION
Authors: Arisova V. N. , Trudov A. F. , Bogdanov A. I. , Birshbaeva A. E. , Razuvaev M. A.
Published: July 2021

The results of studies of the characteristics of the fine structure of a bimetal made of stainless steel 50Kh15M2F and carbon steel 20 after explosion welding and subsequent heat treatment in the joint zone are presented. It was found that normalization at temperatures above 900 ° C leads to a martensitic transformation in steel 50Cr15Мo2V, which is accompanied by an increase in hardness and the development of a fine structure: an increase in the level of elastic deformation of the crystal lattice and fragmentation of coherent scattering regions.