bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tubular insulin-induced gene 1 deficiency promotes NAD+ consumption and exacerbates kidney fibrosis
Authors: Li Shumin , Qin Jun , Zhao Yingying , Wang Jiali , Huang Songming , Yu Xiaowen
Published: May 2024

Profibrotic proximal tubules (PT) were identified as a unique phenotype of proximal tubule cells (PTCs) in renal fibrosis by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Controlling the process of renal fibrosis requires understanding how to manage the S1 subset’s branch to the S3 subset rather than to the profibrotic PT subset. Insulin-induced gene 1 (Insig1) is one of the branch-dependent genes involved in controlling this process, although its role in renal fibrosis is unknown. Here, we discovered that tubular Insig1 deficiency, rather than fibroblast Insig1 deficiency, plays a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of Insig1 profoundly inhibited renal fibrosis. Mechanistically, Insig1 deletion in PTCs boosted SREBP1 nuclear localization, increasing Aldh1a1 transcriptional activity, causing excessive NAD+ consumption and ER enlargement, as well as accelerating renal fibrosis. We also identified nicardipine as a selective inhibitor of Aldh1a1, which could restore NAD+ and maintain ER homeostasis, as well as improve renal fibrosis. Together, our findings support tubular Insig1 as a new therapeutic target for chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Ba2Ga2F6(IO3)(PO4): the first fluoride-containing iodate-phosphate with a 1D [Ga2F6(IO3)(PO4)]4− helix chain
Authors: Xu Miao-Bin , Li Jia-Jia , Wu Huai-Yu , Ma Nan , Yu Ning , Zhuo Mo-Fan , Chen Jin , Du Ke-Zhao
Published: May 2024

Herein, the first F-containing iodate-phosphate, namely Ba2Ga2F6(IO3)(PO4), was prepared via a hydrothermal reaction, in which HPF6 (70 wt% solution in water) was used as the source of both fluoride and phosphate anions for the first time.
Critical review of single-cell mechanotyping approaches for biomedical applications
Authors: Chapman Max , Rajagopal Vijay , Stewart Alastair , Collins David J.
Published: May 2024

Current approaches for mechanical measurements of single cells compromise between fidelity and throughput. Development of non-contact technologies and optimized theoretical modelling will advance mechanical characterisation of large cell populations.
Transition metal catalysed cascade C–C and C–O bond forming events of alkynes
Authors: Barik Padmanava , Behera Subhra Sriharsa , Nayak Laxmi Kanta , Nanda Laxmi Narayan , Nanda Santosh Kumar , Patri Padmanava
Published: May 2024

1,2/1,1-Difunctionalization of alkynes (cascade C–C and C–O bond formations) serves as one of the reliable methods for the synthesis of numerous chemical architectures.
Chitosan-based multifunctional oxygenating antibiotic hydrogel dressings for managing chronic infection in diabetic wounds
Authors: Abri Shahrzad , Durr Hannah , Barton Hazel A. , Adkins-Travis Kayla , Shriver Leah P. , Pukale Dipak D. , Fulton Judith A. , Leipzig Nic D.
Published: May 2024

Fluorinated methacrylamide chitosan hydrogels promote wound healing by reducing bacterial infection, boosting pro-regenerative lipid levels, and increasing wound oxygen levels.
Catalytic tert-alkylation of enamides via C–C bond cleavage under photoredox conditions
Authors: Tsuchiya Naoki , Oku Ayane , Nishikata Takashi
Published: May 2024

Efficient C–C bond cleavage is recognized as a persistent challenge in the field of synthetic methodology. In this paper, we found that tert-alkylated cyclohexadienones are good tert-alkyl radical donors in the presence of photocatalysts and that olefination with enamides proceeds.
Mechanical bonding of rigid MORFs using a tetratopic rotaxane
Authors: Saura-Sanmartin Adrian , Cutillas-Font Guillermo , Martinez-Cuezva Alberto , Alajarin Mateo , Esteban-Betegón Fátima , Pena-Sánchez Pilar , Gándara Felipe , Berna Jose
Published: May 2024

Unveiling novel cobalt(ii) and copper(ii) frameworks with persistent rigidity through unique tetratopic rotaxane ligands.
Rapid deposition of two-dimensional antimonene films by thermal evaporation
Authors: Zhou Jun , Xu Wanting , Guan Huiyan , Zhang Miao , Liu Chuanlin , He Guiming , Guo Dingli
Published: May 2024

Preparation of two-dimensional antimony films at 60 s was achieved by thermal evaporation rapid deposition.
Recent advances in tunable solid-state emission based on α-cyanodiarylethenes: from molecular packing regulation to functional development
Authors: He Xuan , Wei Peifa
Published: May 2024

An overview of the design strategies and their applications of tunable molecular solid-state emission based on customized packing of α-cyanodiarylethenes (CAEs) by stimuli response as well as the utilization of co-assembly.
Correction: Defect-enabling zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks for energy and environmental remediation applications
Authors: Daliran Saba , Oveisi Ali Reza , Kung Chung-Wei , Sen Unal , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Chuang Cheng-Hsun , Khajeh Mostafa , Erkartal Mustafa , Hupp Joseph T.
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Defect-enabling zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks for energy and environmental remediation applications’ by Saba Daliran et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cs01057k.
Metal-doped black In2O3 for atmospheric-pressure photothermal CO2 reduction with high efficiency and selectivity
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Liqiang , Wang Jiaben , Song Hao , Zhang Xiao , Gao Xiang
Published: May 2024

The prepared Cu–In2O3−x catalyst can maintain nearly 100% CO selectivity over a wide temperature range during the photothermal catalytic reduction of CO2, and its CO production is 2.3 times and 3 times that of In2O3−x and In2O3, respectively.
Manipulating electron redistribution in platinum for enhanced alkaline water splitting kinetics
Authors: Zhang Wensheng , Chen Xu , Zhao Jinyu , Niu Lin , Wang Guipeng , Wang Xiaomin
Published: May 2024

A bifunctional catalyst (Pt-NiFe-P/NF) has been developed. The integration of Pt with NiFe-P heterostructures adjusts electronic redistribution, weakening the interaction of the active sites with intermediates and optimizing water splitting kinetics.
Extremely stable system of 1-haloselanyl-anthraquinones: experimental and theoretical investigations
Authors: Ogawa Naoki , Suzuki Nobuhiro , Katsura Yoshifumi , Minoura Mao , Nakanishi Waro , Hayashi Satoko
Published: May 2024

Synthesis and structural determination of highly stabilized 1-haloselanyl-anthraquinones through unexpectedly short O⋯Se distances, with the elucidation of the interaction natures.
Reactivity of low-valent nickel carbonyl species supported by acridane based PNP ligands towards iodoalkanes
Authors: Park Sanha , Seo Mi Sook , Kim Mingi , Lee Kang Mun , Graham Peter M. , Lee Yunho
Published: May 2024

Selective C–C coupling occurs at the sterically well-protected nickel(0 or I)–CO site.
Vinylidene rearrangements of internal borylalkynes via 1,2-boryl migration
Authors: Iwamoto Takahiro , Mitsubo Takuya , Sakajiri Kosuke , Ishii Youichi
Published: May 2024

1,2-Boryl migration has been successfully demonstrated in the vinylidene rearrangement.
Zinc amidinate-catalysed cyclization reaction of carbodiimides and alkynes. An insight into the mechanism
Authors: Parra-Cadenas Blanca , Ginés Carlos , García-Vivó Daniel , Elorriaga David , Carrillo-Hermosilla Fernando
Published: May 2024

A novel method for synthesizing iminopyridines using zinc has been established. The proposed mechanism highlights the crucial role of zinc amidinato intermediates in this synthesis.
Efficient photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin by a polyimide/phosphate-doped porous coralline carbon nitride S-scheme heterojunction
Authors: Zeng Yufeng , Wang Yishun , Wang Xicheng , Chen Kun , Chen Ping , Xiao Zhenjun , Zhang Qianxin , Lv Wenying , Liu Guoguang
Published: May 2024

The establishment of a heterojunction holds significant promise for facilitating the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers, thereby engendering robust photooxidation–reduction capabilities.
Effects of hesperidin on mitochondrial function, mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes and IP3R–MCU calcium axis in the intestine of piglets exposed to deoxynivalenol
Authors: Li Xin , Lin Qian , Gou Feiyang , Zhu Jiang , Yu Minjie , Hong Qihua , Hu Caihong
Published: May 2024

Hesperidin alleviated mitochondrial calcium overload via inhibiting ER–mitochondrial calcium transfer mediated by IP3Rs in MAMs, which improved mitochondrial function and alleviated DON-induced oxidative stress and intestinal injury in piglets.
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PS23 increases ghrelin levels and modulates microbiota composition: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled study
Authors: Wu Shu-I. , Lee Mon-Chien , Chen Wan-Lin , Huang Chi-Chang
Published: May 2024

PS23 supplementation raises ghrelin levels and optimizes the gut microbiota, linked to improved exercise outcomes and reduced inflammation, promoting muscle recovery.
Surface characteristics of thin film composite polyamide membranes dictate silver nanoparticle loading efficacy
Authors: Munni Afsana , Bashammakh Mohammed A. , Bellier Marion , Ansari Ali , Ali Mohamed E. A. , Karahan H. Enis , Islam Rafiqul , Boyer Treavor H. , Perreault François
Published: May 2024

This report pinpoints the surface oxygen content of polyamide membranes as the key factor for silver nanoparticles loading, thereby providing an important guiding principle to develop biofouling-resistant membrane coatings.
Nanostructured nickel–cobalt alloy/rGO-SWCNT thin film as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Wan Qing , Tang Congming , Ma Kai , Li Xinli
Published: May 2024

CoNi alloy on the surface of rGO-SWCNT can regulate the electron structure, promoting HER performance. CoNi21 alloy exhibited the most notable HER efficiency with an overpotential of 83.5 mV and 291.8 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively.
Unveiling photoinduced electron transfer in cobalt(iii)-R-pyridine complexes anchored to anatase nanocrystals: photoluminescence and magnetic studies
Authors: Sundaram Ganeshraja Ayyakannu , Anbalagan Krishnamoorthy , Wadaan Mohammad Ahmad , Rajamoni Jagan , Karthikeyan Vaithinathan
Published: May 2024

This article demonstrates the synthesis of mixed ligand complexes of cis-[Co(tn)2(Rpy)Br]Br2via a mechanochemical approach. Their ferromagnetic properties and efficient electron transfer to Co(iii) using TiO2 under UV light are confirmed.
Molybdenum oxide with a varied valency ratio to enable selective d-galactose epimerization to d-talose
Authors: Devi Bhawana , Arumugam Senthil Murugan , Kunchala Ravi Kumar , Kaur Paramdeep , Mahala Sangeeta , Elumalai Sasikumar
Published: May 2024

The nitric acid treatment of MoO3 enriches the Lewis acidity and porosity that have enabled the augmented d-talose (rare sugar) formation viad-galactose C2 epimerization in a water medium.
A Pd-catalyzed route to carborane-fused boron heterocycles
Authors: Zhu Mengjie , Wang Puzhao , Wu Zhengqiu , Zhong Yangfa , Su Laiman , Xin Yuquan , Spokoyny Alexander M. , Zou Chao , Mu Xin
Published: May 2024

A Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling system has been developed to achieve vicinal diamination of 9,10-dibromo-carborane with NH-heterocycles and anilines. These products can be further converted to carborane-fused six- and seven-membered heterocycles.
A g-C3N4/rGO/Cs3Bi2Br9 mediated Z-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Baghdadi Yasmine , Daboczi Matyas , Temerov Filipp , Yang Mengya , Cui Junyi , Eslava Salvador
Published: May 2024

A hybrid Z-scheme composite structure made of exfoliated g-C3N4 and Cs3Bi2Br9 semiconductors and a reduced graphene oxide redox mediator is presented for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 and H2O conversion to CO, CH4, and H2.
Expanding the horizons of the thermodynamic landscape and optoelectronic properties of soft 2D hybrid perovskites MHy2PbX4
Authors: Sobczak Szymon , Nowok Andrzej , Zaręba Jan K. , Roszak Kinga , Półrolniczak Aleksandra , Szeremeta Anna Z. , Dziuk Błażej , Dybała Filip , Pawlus Sebastian , Kudrawiec Robert , Sieradzki Adam , Mączka Mirosław , Katrusiak Andrzej
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive investigations revealed a pressure–temperature phase diagram for 2D hybrid perovskite MHy2PbI4, demonstrating its high structural elasticity and ability to generate polar phases mimicking its ferroelectric analogue MHy2PbBr4.
Rational design of a dual-gradient zincophilic–conductive interphase for dendrite-free zinc batteries
Authors: Zheng Xunwen , Song Ziyang , Zhang Da , Du Wenyan , Miao Ling , Lv Yaokang , Xie Li , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian
Published: May 2024

A dual-gradient carbon-fiber/argentiferous interphase with longitudinally strengthened zincophilicity-conductivity is devised on a Zn anode, which guides bottom-preferential homogeneous Zn deposition for mitigating Zn dendrites and side reactions.
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction enhanced by the thermochromic effect of modified VO2
Authors: Zhang Longzhen , Xuan Yimin , Wang Qi , Zhu Zhonghui , Zhao Dawei , Liu Xianglei , Zhu Qibin , Zhang Kai
Published: May 2024

The thermochromic effect of modified VO2 enhances photocatalytic CO2 reduction, and its dynamic change process is monitored by a series of in situ experimental verifications and theoretical calculations.
Screening of poly-beta amino ester coated emulsion of ketorolac for cartilage delivery
Authors: Saeedi Tahani , Prokopovich Polina
Published: May 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic health condition necessitating effective treatment strategies.
Supramolecular red-light-photosensitized nitric oxide release with fluorescence self-reporting within biocompatible nanocarriers
Authors: Laneri Francesca , Parisi Cristina , Seggio Mimimorena , Fraix Aurore , Longobardi Giuseppe , Catanzano Ovidio , Quaglia Fabiana , Sortino Salvatore
Published: May 2024

Red-light-triggered NO release can be triggered using different photosensitizers in different types of biocompatible nanocarriers and real-time monitored by the formation of a highly fluorescent reporter.
Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Density Peak Search and Local Features
Authors: Zhang Leihong , Yang Hui , Zheng Qinghe , Zhang Yiqiang , Zhang Dawei
Published: May 2024

The detection of small infrared targets is still a challenging task and efficient and accurate detection plays a key role in modern infrared search and tracking military applications. However, small infrared targets are difficult to detect due to their weak brightness, small size and lack of shape, structure, texture, and other information elements. In this paper, we propose a target detection method. First, to address the problem that the proximity of targets to high‐brightness clutter leads to missed detection of candidate targets, a Gaussian differential filtering preprocessed image is used to suppress high‐brightness clutter. Second, a density‐peaked global search method is used to determine the location of candidate targets in the preprocessed image. We then use local contrast to the candidate target points to enhance the gradient features and suppress background clutter. The Facet model is used to compute multidirectional gradient features at each point. A new efficient surrounding symmetric region partitioning scheme is constructed to capture the gradient characteristics of targets of different sizes in eight directions, followed by weighting the candidate target gradient characteristics using the standard deviation of the symmetric region difference. Finally, an adaptive threshold segmentation method is used to extract small targets. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has better detection accuracy and robustness compared with other detection methods.
Optimal Joint Defense and Monitoring for Networks Security under Uncertainty: A POMDP‐Based Approach
Authors: Kazeminajafabadi Armita , Imani Mahdi
Published: May 2024

The increasing interconnectivity in our infrastructure poses a significant security challenge, with external threats having the potential to penetrate and propagate throughout the network. Bayesian attack graphs have proven to be effective in capturing the propagation of attacks in complex interconnected networks. However, most existing security approaches fail to systematically account for the limitation of resources and uncertainty arising from the complexity of attacks and possible undetected compromises. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) model for network security under uncertainty. The POMDP model accounts for uncertainty in monitoring and defense processes, as well as the probabilistic attack propagation. This paper develops two security policies based on the optimal stationary defense policy for the underlying POMDP state process (i.e., a network with known compromises): the estimation‐based policy that performs the defense actions corresponding to the optimal minimum mean square error state estimation and the distribution‐based policy that utilizes the posterior distribution of network compromises to make defense decisions. Optimal monitoring policies are designed to specifically support each of the defense policies, allowing dynamic allocation of monitoring resources to capture network vulnerabilities/compromises. The performance of the proposed policies is examined in terms of robustness, accuracy, and uncertainty using various numerical experiments.
An ALCHEMI inspection of sulphur-bearing species towards the central molecular zone of NGC 253
Authors: Bouvier M. , Viti S. , Behrens E. , Butterworth J. , Huang K.-Y. , Mangum J. G. , Harada N. , Martín S. , Rivilla V. M. , Muller S. , Sakamoto K. , Yoshimura Y. , Tanaka K. , Nakanishi K. , Herrero-Illana R. , Colzi L. , Gorski M. D. , Henkel C. , Humire P. K. , Meier D. S. , van der Werf P. P. , Yan Y. T.
Published: May 2024

Context. Sulphur-bearing species are detected in various environments within Galactic star-forming regions and are particularly abundant in the gas phase of outflow and shocked regions in addition to photo-dissociation regions. Thanks to the powerful capabilities of millimetre interferometers, studying sulphur-bearing species and their region of emission in various extreme extra-galactic environments (e.g. starburst and active galactic nuclei) and at a high-angular resolution and sensitivity is now possible.

Aims. In this work, we aim to investigate the nature of the emission from the most common sulphur-bearing species observable at millimetre wavelengths towards the nuclear starburst of the nearby galaxy NGC 253. We intend to understand which type of regions are probed by sulphur-bearing species and which process(es) dominate(s) the release of sulphur into the gas phase.

Methods. We used the high-angular resolution (1.6″ or ∼27 pc) observations from the ALCHEMI ALMA Large Program to image several sulphur-bearing species towards the central molecular zone (CMZ) of NGC 253. We performed local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE large velocity gradient (LVG) analyses to derive the physical conditions of the gas where the sulphur-bearing species are emitted, and their abundance ratios across the CMZ. Finally, we compared our results with previous ALCHEMI studies and a few selected Galactic environments.

Results. To reproduce the observations, we modelled two gas components for most of the sulphur-bearing species investigated in this work. We found that not all sulphur-bearing species trace the same type of gas: strong evidence indicates that H2S and part of the emission of OCS, H2CS, and SO are tracing shocks, whilst part of SO and CS emission rather traces the dense molecular gas. For some species, such as CCS and SO2, we could not firmly conclude on their origin of emission.

Conclusions. The present analysis indicates that the emission from most sulphur-bearing species throughout the CMZ is likely dominated by shocks associated with ongoing star formation. In the inner part of the CMZ where the presence of super star clusters was previously indicated, we could not distinguish between shocks or thermal evaporation as the main process releasing the S-bearing species.
The corona of a fully convective star with a near-polar flare
Authors: Ilin E. , Poppenhäger K. , Stelzer B. , Dsouza D.
Published: May 2024

Context.In 2020, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observed a rapidly rotating M7 dwarf, TIC 277539431, producing a flare at 81° latitude, the highest latitude flare located to date. This is in stark contrast to solar flares that occur much closer to the equator, typically below 30°. The mechanisms that allow flares at high latitudes to occur are poorly understood.

Aims.We studied five sectors of TESS monitoring, and obtained 36 ks ofXMM-Newtonobservations to investigate the coronal and flaring activity of TIC 277539431.

Methods.From the observations, we infer the optical flare frequency distribution; flare loop sizes and magnetic field strengths; the soft X-ray flux, luminosity, and coronal temperatures; as well as the energy, loop size, and field strength of a large flare in theXMM-Newtonobservations.

Results.We find that the corona of TIC 277539431 does not differ significantly from other low-mass stars on the canonical saturated activity branch with respect to coronal temperatures and flaring activity, but shows lower luminosity in soft X-ray emission by about an order of magnitude, consistent with other late M dwarfs.

Conclusions.The lack of X-ray flux, the high-latitude flare, the star’s viewing geometry, and the otherwise typical stellar corona taken together can be explained by the migration of flux emergence to the poles in rapid rotators like TIC 277539431 that drain the star’s equatorial regions of magnetic flux, but preserve its ability to produce powerful flares.
New Paradigm for Business Model Design and Innovation: An Insight of Product Lifetime Value Based on Electric Vehicle
Authors: Xiaohui Zang , Abdullah Raja Nazim , Lihua Liu , Jing Liu
Published: May 2024

The business model is an effective and well-structured management tool that helps organizations acquire and hold onto a competitive edge over their competitors. This paper proposes a framework called “The Product Lifetime Value Business Model” for business model design and innovation of electric vehicle company. The framework consists of four layers, the innermost layer represents the business model, followed by the Product Lifetime Value layer and 6V model, the outermost layer comprises 17 additional dimensions that provide a more detailed and in-depth analysis. The concept of Product Lifetime Value is proposed and can be categorized into six distinct stages: planning, production, delivery, revenue generation, application, and recycling in this paper. In addition, a "6V" model is also proposed based on electric vehicle industry which contains value proposition, value creation, value delivery, value capture, value of after-sales services, and value of residual.
Optimization of Bio Asphalt Derived from Pyrolysis Bio Oil for Bitumen Modification
Authors: Gungat Lillian , Mohd Zani Syamimi Adlina , Hamsah Nur Syazleen , Makinda Jodin , Ladin Mohd Azizul , Mansa Rachel Fran
Published: May 2024

Due to inadequate crude oil supply and a rising demand for petroleum asphalt in roadconstruction, the asphalt sector faces a continuing shortage. Continous research was conducted on renewable materials such as bio-oils derived via pyrolysis from local palm oil industries. Bio-oil is currently a viable option due to its renewability, environmental friendliness, and variety of sources. Despite numerous studies indicating that biooils enhance the properties of bitumen, the research on the effects of PKS biooil on bitumen properties is minimal and needed further investigations. The application of 2,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) in this study is established to enhance the properties of bio-oil modified bitumen. The objectives of this study are to analyse the relationship between the percentage andratio of PKS bio-oil and 2,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) of the modified bitumen, its physical and chemical effects and the optimization of bio-asphalt mixture after the 2,4diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) has been blended with PKS bio-oil and bitumen. PKS bio-oil and MDI were applied into the bitumen as additive and replacement of bitumen at 3%, 5% and 7% with two different ratios; 1.0:0.6 and 1.0:1.0. The functional groups of the bitumen are identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. The result generated from FTIR analysis showed that the modified bitumen samples were slightly different when compared to the conventional bitumen regarding the functional group. Response surface methodology (RSM)was implemented to determine the statistical analysis and optimum amount of PKS bio-oil and MDI content in the bitumen, through central composite design.
A numerical study of interface dynamics in fluid materials
Authors: Youssef Hairch , Elmelouky Abderrahmane , Louzazni Mohamed , Belhora Fouad , Monkade Mohamed
Published: May 2024

This paper deals with the approximation of the dynamics of two fluids having non-matching densities and viscosities. The modeling involves the coupling of the Allen-Cahn equation with the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations. The Allen-Cahn equation describes the evolution of a scalar order parameter that assumes two distinct values in different spatial regions. Conversely, the Navier-Stokes equations govern the movement of a fluid subjected to various forces like pressure, gravity, and viscosity. When the Allen-Cahn equation is coupled with the Navier-Stokes equations, it is typically done through a surface tension term. The surface tension term accounts for the energy required to create an interface between the two phases, and it is proportional to the curvature of the interface. The Navier-Stokes equations are modified to include this term, which leads to the formation of a dynamic interface between the two phases. The resulting system of equations is known as the two-phase Navier-Stokes/Allen-Cahn equations. In this paper, the authors propose a mathematical model that combines the Allen-Cahn model and the Navier-Stokes equations to simulate multiple fluid flows. The Allen-Cahn model is utilized to represent the diffuse interface between different fluids, while the Navier-Stokes equations are employed to describe the fluid dynamics. The Allen-Cahn-Navier-Stokes model has been employed to simulate the generation of bubbles in a liquid subjected to an acoustic field. The model successfully predicted the size of the bubbles and the frequency at which they formed. The numerical outcomes were validated against experimental data, and a favorable agreement was observed.
Le docteur Philippe Encausse (1906–1984) et sa contribution à la construction de la médecine du sport en France
Authors: Tajri Yacine , Saint-Martin Jean
Published: May 2024

L’ambition de cet article est de retracer la trajectoire du docteur Philipe Encausse afin de comprendre son action au sein des instances médicales des autorités de la Jeunesse et des Sports et de l’Éducation nationale lorsqu’il est en fonction entre le début des années 1940 et le milieu des années 1960. Trop souvent resté dans l’ombre des ministères et de l’historiographie nous semble-t-il, nous analyserons ses positions successives pour saisir le coloris de la médecine du sport au regard des choix de jeunesse et de socialisation de ce docteur également sportif accompli. En effet, pendant plus de vingt ans, il est l’un des maîtres d’œuvre gérant les dossiers abordant les questions de sport, d’éducation physique et de médecine, en particulier lorsqu’il s’agit de mettre en place une politique publique en termes de contrôle médical des sportifs ou de protection des élèves à l’école. En croisant différentes sources et archives, nous verrons finalement que, en se détachant d’une histoire strictement institutionnelle, Philippe Encausse accompagne cette bascule d’une médecine hygiéniste, protégeant les corps des individus, à une médecine de l’optimisation sportive.
Was wissen Sie über … Gifte und Betäubungsmittel?
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: May 2024

Liebe Leser, testen Sie Ihr Wissen und frischen Sie Ihre Kenntnisse auf. Bitte kreuzen Sie jeweils eine Antwort an. Viel Spaß beim Beantworten wünscht Ihnen HP Eva C. Schmid!
Fettleber
Authors: März Henrike , Houben Martina , Zhang Zheng , Blume Ralf
Published: May 2024

4 Expert*innen stellen Ihnen Behandlungsstrategien aus der Ernährungstherapie, Phytotherapie, TCM und Homöopathie vor.
Vorsicht! Giftig?!
Authors: Kämper Siegfried
Published: May 2024

Wie können Heilpraktiker risikoreichen Verordnungen auf die Schliche kommen?
Prostatachirurgie beim benignen Prostatasyndrom >200 ml: Endoskopisch, robotisch oder doch offen?
Authors: Hartung Friedrich Otto , Gruene Britta , Becker Benedikt , Rassweiler-Seyfried Marie-Claire , Miernik Arkadiusz , Lusuardi Lukas , Herrmann Thomas RW , Lehrich Karin , Netsch Christopher , Herrmann Jonas
Published: May 2024

Die operativen Therapieansätze der benignen Prostatahyperplasie (BPH) wurden in den letzten Jahrzenten weiterentwickelt und diversifiziert. Während die Wirksamkeit der operativen Verfahren bei moderaten Prostatagrößen in zahlreichen Studien dokumentiert wird, bleibt die Datenlage bei großen Prostatavolumina >200 ml unzureichend. Hierdurch bleiben wichtige Fragen hinsichtlich ihrer Effektivität und Sicherheit offen. Aufgrund dessen ist die Auswahl und Anpassung der geeigneten Therapieoptionen für diese spezielle Patientengruppe oft eine große Herausforderung. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden nach einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche die aktuellen Erkenntnisse zu den operativen Therapiemöglichkeiten bei großen Prostatavolumina >200 ml zusammengefasst und diskutiert.

Die operative Behandlung von Prostatavolumina >200 ml ist unabhängig von der gewählten Operationsmethode eine Herausforderung. Minimalinvasive Ansätze sollten heutzutage Standard sein. Die anatomische endoskopische Enukleation ist das Verfahren mit der geringsten Morbidität und ist prinzipiell größenunabhängig durchführbar. Da das Verfahren auch in Spinalanästhesie durchführbar ist, ist es auch für Patienten mit erhöhtem Narkoserisiko geeignet. Bei extremen Prostatavolumina stellt dieses Verfahren aber auch erfahrene Operateure vor Herausforderungen. Besonders in Kombination mit einer Adipositas sollte der Operateur verschiedene Exit-Strategien kennen. Die roboterassistierte Adenomenukleation bietet eine minimalinvasive Alternative, mit welcher begleitende Pathologien (Divertikel oder große Blasensteine) mitbehandelt werden können. Allerdings sind die Invasivität und das Narkoserisiko durch den abdominellen Zugang vergleichsweise höher. Jede Klinik und jeder Operateur sollte individuell entscheiden, in welcher Methode die größte Expertise vorliegt und welche Option für den jeweiligen Fall am besten geeignet ist. Sollte die Expertise begrenzt sein, ist es ratsam, den Patienten einem Zentrum mit entsprechender Spezialisierung zuzuweisen.
Frühjahrsputz für Körper und Seele
Authors: Karadar Doris
Published: May 2024

Ätherische Öle verzaubern uns nicht nur mit ihrem Duft, sie lassen sich zudem gezielt anwenden, um Ausleitungsprozesse anzuregen. Bewährt hat sich dabei die Kombination mit einem feuchtwarmen Leberwickel. Aber auch Massagen, Bäder und Ölziehen mit ätherischen Ölen können die Entgiftung des Körpers anregen.
Evolution of the Surgical Net
Authors: O'Daniel Thomas G. , Kachare Milind D.
Published: May 2024

The surgical net technique, originally conceptualized to mitigate postoperative hematomas, has evolved into a versatile tool, transcending its initial purpose, and signaling a new era of surgical innovation. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the surgical net's journey from a targeted solution to a multifaceted surgical asset and explores its burgeoning applications, challenges, and future trajectories. Despite early reluctance due to anatomical concerns and unfamiliarity with the novel technique, the surgical net's consistent success in various surgical contexts from facial surgeries to gynecological applications has catalyzed its widespread global adoption. The technique's integration of the progressive tension method and enhanced skin redraping capabilities underscores its contribution to optimal aesthetic outcomes and improved surgical control. Noteworthy is its role in the innovative concept of gliding surgery, marked by procedures like the gliding brow lift and Glidelift, demonstrating the surgical net's adaptability and effectiveness in diverse surgical environments.

Contributions from international surgeons have expanded its applications to areas like axillary space obliteration after breast implant, postmastectomy closure, and the management of postpartum hemorrhage, showcasing the surgical net's global impact and universal commitment to optimizing surgical outcomes. The article delves into the anatomical considerations essential for adapting the surgical net technique to various surgical contexts, emphasizing the need for continuous research, clinical trials, and multidisciplinary collaboration to navigate emerging challenges and ensure its sustained efficacy and safety.

In conclusion, the article highlights the surgical net technique's unwavering potential for further advancements, greater procedural efficiency, and the continued elevation of patient care standards. The consistent evolution of its applications, paired with a dedicated approach to addressing emergent challenges, reinforces the surgical net's enduring contribution to surgical innovation and global patient welfare.
Nickel-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Hydrofluorination in Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Hong Sungwoo , Kim Minseok , Han Seunghoon
Published: May 2024

While enantioselective hydrofluorination methods for activated alkenes represent a notable advance, the resultant enantiomeric excesses remain largely moderate, indicating the necessity for enhancements in precision, efficiency, and scope. We have recently developed an innovative nickel hydride catalytic system that enables regio- and enantioselective C–F bond formation with unactivated alkenes. By utilizing specially designed Bn-BOx ligands for improved selectivity, our approach demonstrates exceptional efficiency and selectivity with β,γ-alkenyl amide substrates. This breakthrough enhances the synthesis of organofluorine compounds, marking a significant advancement in organic synthesis.

1 Introduction

2 Reaction Design of Hydrofluorination

3 Regio- and Enantioselective Hydrofluorination

4 Asymmetric Amplification

5 Conclusions
Urine as a Biobased Fertilizer: The Netherlands as Case Study
Authors: Beijer S. , Das S. , Helmus R. , Scheer P. , Jansen B. , Slootweg J. C.
Published: May 2024

Humankind has grown increasingly dependent on mineral fertilizer to feed a growing world population. However, nutrients are rarely recovered and recycled after consumption, leading to environmental waste issues now and potential supply issues in the future. Urine is rich in these nutrients and is therefore a prime candidate as a precursor for biobased fertilizers. This work presents a case study to remove potentially present contaminants from human urine using activated carbon adsorbents to adhere to Dutch fertilizer legislation. In the urine, three pharmaceuticals were identified by target analysis and 11 other contaminants by suspect screening using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS). These were successfully removed by treatments with both granulated and powdered activated carbon, albeit with a loss of 16–17% and 2–4% of dissolved nutrients, respectively. Further screening of inorganic contaminants and persistent organic pollutants by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (GC-Q-Orbitrap/MS) showed that all prerequisites for fertilizer status are met, paving the way for its future legal use as a biobased fertilizer in the Netherlands.
The Severity of Periodontitis in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Community-Based Study
Authors: Utami Sri , Kusnanto Hari , Pramono Dibyo , Oktavia Nova , Puspita Sartika
Published: May 2024

Objective Indonesia is one of the top five countries with the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). There were 18 million DM patients in 2020, and this number has doubled in has doubled in 2022. The main complication of DM in the oral cavity is periodontitis. Periodontitis and DM have a bidirectional relationship. Controlling the severity of both diseases can improve the quality of life of DM patients. The aim of this study is to determine the severity of periodontitis in older people with type 2 DM.

Material and Methods This research is observational with a cross-sectional design. The research subjects were 263 patients aged ≥ 60 years, taken using a purposive sampling technique. The diagnosis and severity of periodontitis were based on the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), using the clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing depth (PD) clinical parameters. The diagnosis of DM was established by measuring HbA1c. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the distribution of severity of periodontitis.

Results In total, 42 people (16%) in this study did not experience periodontitis, and 221 people (84%) experienced periodontitis with 4.5% of the study population suffering from mild periodontitis, 21.3% moderate periodontitis, and 74.2% severe periodontitis. The results of this study indicated that severe periodontitis was the most common category in patients with type 2 DM. Severe periodontitis is the most common type of periodontitis at all levels of age, occupation, and education. It was found most commonly among those aged 60 to 65 years, housewives, and those with elementary education level with moderate or poor oral hygiene.

Conclusion Almost all respondents who suffered from type 2 DM experienced periodontitis, severe periodontitis being most common category at all age levels, occupations, education, and oral hygiene status. The severity of periodontitis in this study tended to be due to high HbA1c levels.
Fragmentation in One Health policy and practice responses to antimicrobial resistance and the salutary value of collaborative humility
Authors: Davis Mark David McGregor , Schermuly Allegra Clare , Rajkhowa Arjun , Flowers Paul , Hardefeldt Laura , Thursky Karin
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates One Health (OH) applied to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to deepen and nuance its conceptual underpinnings and inform effective implementation. We consider how models of OH and AMR wedded to bioscience assumptions of life obscure biosocial complexity and reinforce the misleading assumption that scientific knowledge of AMR is generated outside social systems. With reference to in-depth interviews with medical practitioners, scientists and policy-makers working on AMR in Australia and the UK, we explore accounts of OH action on AMR. We show that the implementation of OH is subject to some fragmentation due to workforce organisation, funding arrangements and the absence of detailed guidance for translating OH into practice. Despite OH aspirations for transdisciplinary cooperation and innovation, human-centrism and somewhat incommensurable professional and scientific views on OH constrain trust in the policy approach and limit effective action. We discuss how, in some settings, OH action on AMR does resemble policy aspirations when emphasis is placed on collaborative humility, a finding that underlines OH’s biosocial character. We argue for the development of more robust biosocial models of OH to guide its application to AMR in real world settings.
SA-GNN: Prediction of material properties using graph neural network based on multi-head self-attention optimization
Authors: Cui Yasen , Zhu Jian , Zhou Wei , Zang Huaijuan , Ren Yongsheng , Xu Jiajia , Zhan Shu , Ma Wenhui
Published: May 2024

With the development of science and technology and the improvement of hardware computing power, the application of large models in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has become a current research hotspot Among the focal points in the field of deep learning, AI for science is one of the highlighted areas, utilizing deep learning methods for pattern recognition, anomaly detection, predictive analysis, and more on a large scale of scientific data. In the realm of materials science, the structure of crystals is composed of edges and nodes, making it readily representable as a graph. In previous research, some typical models, such as the MEGNet model, utilized their graph neural network features to fit computational results based on density functional theory for predicting various material properties. Building on this concept, the authors propose a novel graph neural network (GNN) model, optimized with a Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHSA) mechanism, for predicting materials data with crystal structures. This model is named self-attention enhanced graph neural network. The model segments the input data into three parts: edges, nodes, and global features. The graph convolutional layer module is primarily used for aggregating node, edge, and global features, learning node representations, and capturing higher-order neighborhood information through multiple layers of GNN. The MHSA component allows nodes to learn global dependencies, providing different representation subspaces for the nodes. In comparison with other machine learning and deep learning models, the results indicate an improvement in the predictive accuracy of this model. A new graph neural network (GNN) model called Self-Attention Enhanced Graph Neural Network (SA-GNN) is proposed for predicting the properties of materials with crystal structures. This model incorporates multi-head self-attention to allow nodes to learn global dependencies and generate different representational subspaces. Compared to other machine learning and deep learning models, the results show improved predictive accuracy, demonstrating the potential of graph networks combined with self-attention for modeling crystal material data.
A new quantum group blind signature scheme based on GHZ states
Authors: Hu Zuqiao , Dong Yumin
Published: May 2024

With the development of quantum computers, traditional communication security based on classical computers can no longer guarantee unconditional security. At the same time, a series of encrypted communication solutions that rely on quantum mechanical properties have been spawned. This article focuses on the field of quantum signatures, based on the entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state, combining group signatures (any member of the group can sign on behalf of the group) and blind signatures (the signer cannot know the accuracy of the signature content) proposed a new quantum group blind signature scheme that utilizes quantum key distribution to achieve unconditional security. By splitting the original message, the scheme strengthens the relevance of the signature participants and makes the signature to have stronger binding. Then, the security of the scheme against internal and external attacks is analyzed. In this scheme, a pleasing efficiency has been achieved, and the non-repudiation of signatures has been enhanced. At the same time, disputed signatures can be traced back to the signer.
Dynamic characteristics of a coaxial magnetic switch modulating pulse forming networks
Authors: Zhang Hanwen , Chen Rong , Sun Yijie , Pan Zilong , Zhang Renjie , Cheng Xinbing , Gao Jingming
Published: May 2024

Pulsed power generators utilizing magnetic switch technology within the 100 ns scale have become widespread for surface treatment, high power microwave generation, and food processing, in which the dynamic characteristics of the magnetic switch perform an important function. The saturation process, electric field between layers, and energy loss are closely associated with the applied time scale of the magnetic core, which affects the dynamic characteristics of the switch. However, compared with the study within the microsecond scale, the dynamic characteristics of magnetic switches within the 100 ns scale have not been studied in depth. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of a coaxial magnetic switch modulating pulse forming networks (PFNs) are studied via both field-loop co-simulation and scaled experimental test. It is found that increasing PFN section number (Ns) leads to an acceleration in the saturation process of the core, which helps understand the switch performance of the magnetic core more clearly. With respect to a specific magnetic switch based on a ferromagnetic core, it is quantitatively analyzed that increasing Ns from 1 to 10 leads to a 16.1% reduction in core saturation time (tsat), a 13.4% increase in eddy loss (EET), and a 5.7% rise in maximum interlamination field strength (Emax) under the 100 ns scale; however, tsat is reduced by 19.3%, EET increases by 5.2%, and Emax rises by 2.3% under the microsecond scale. The results could provide a design reference for magnetic switches in pulsed power generators.
Simulation investigations of an efficient L-band bi-frequency MILO with ridged-disk-loaded interaction structure
Authors: Singh Mohit Kumar , Mahto Manpuran , Jain Pradip Kumar
Published: May 2024

This article presents simulation studies of an L-band bi-frequency magnetically insulated line oscillator for its efficiency enhancement using a ridged-disk-loaded radio frequency (RF) interaction structure. The electromagnetic (EM) properties of the RF interaction structure implemented with conventional and ridged disk have been investigated with the aid of CST microwave studio suite. A comparative study between the EM properties of conventional slow-wave structures and ridged-slow-wave structures (RSWS) is presented. The impact of adding ridges at the tip of disks has been examined for its influence on the dispersion curve, phase velocity, and coupling impedance. The coupling impedance of the RSWS with ridged-disk-loaded vanes was found to be greater than that of the conventional SWS. Furthermore, influence on output power of the device is observed for different ridge's parameters. With the optimum dimension of ridge parameters, particle-in-cell simulation detects an high-power microwave at frequencies of 1.20 and 1.40 GHz, producing 3.8 GW of cumulative peak RF power with a conversion efficiency of 23.8%, when operated with a 420 kV input DC voltage and current of 38 kA.
Voltage tunable sign inversion of magnetoresistance in van der Waals Fe3GeTe2/MoSe2/Fe3GeTe2 tunnel junctions
Authors: Zhu Shouguo , Lin Hailong , Zhu Wenkai , Li Weihao , Zhang Jing , Wang Kaiyou
Published: May 2024

The magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) based on van der Waals (vdW) materials possess atomically smooth interfaces with minimal element intermixing. This characteristic ensures that spin polarization is well maintained during transport, leading to the emergence of richer magnetoresistance behaviors. Here, using all 2D vdW MTJs based on magnetic metal Fe3GeTe2 and non-magnetic semiconductor MoSe2, we demonstrate that the magnitude and even sign of the magnetoresistance can be tuned by the applied voltage. The sign inversion of the magnetoresistance is observed in a wide temperature range below the Curie temperature. This tunable magnetoresistance sign may be attributed to the spin polarizations of the tunneling carriers and the band structure of the two ferromagnetic electrodes. Such robust electrical tunability of magnetoresistance extends the functionalities of low-dimensional spintronics and makes it more appealing for next-generation spintronics with all-vdW MTJs.