bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Carpets and Karma: the resilient story of the Tibetan people in two settlements in India and Nepal
Authors: Pulla Venkat Rao , Kharel Kanchan Prasad
Published: February 2016

This paper is about the Tibetan people in two settlements, mainly in Nepal and India. Tibetan ref-ugees started crossing the Himalayan range in April 1959, in the wake of the Dalai Lamaâ€™s flight into exile and landed mostly in Nepal and India. Tibetans around the world do not know their fu-ture nor do they appear unduly worried. Most of them appear resilient and hopeful to see a â€˜free Tibetâ€™ a dream closer to their hearts, someday in the future. In this paper, we delve at their deep association between their philosophy of life based on the principles of â€˜karmaâ€™ and their everyday economic avocation of weaving â€˜carpetsâ€™. We find that these people weave their lives around kar-ma and the carpets. Karma embodies their philosophical and spiritual outlook while carpets, mats and paintings symbolise their day-to-day struggles, enterprises to cope, survive, thrive and flour-ish. The â€˜karma carpetâ€™ symbolises their journey into the future. The Tibetans although a refugee group do not have the same rights and privileges comparable to other refugees living in the world decreed under the United Nations Conventions. In this paper, we present the socio-economic situ-ation of these refugees, their enterprise and their work ethic that makes them who they are in the Nepalese and in Indian societies. For this research, we have triangulated both desk studies and personal narratives from focus groups and interviews to present a discussion centred on the Ti-betan struggle for human rights and their entrepreneurship through the carpet industry mainly in Nepal and India.
The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013: A Review
Authors: Baruah Aparajita
Published: February 2016

Manual scavenging is a caste-based and hereditary occupation for Dalits (untouchables), which is predominantly linked with forced labour or slavery. In this article, an attempt has been made to trace out the brief history of the practice of manual scavenging in India. The author has also dwelt upon the constitutional commitment as well as measures taken up by the successive governments to improve the conditions of this class of people. The hallmark of the article lies in the detailed analysis along with some suitable suggestions on the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scav-engers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013 recently enacted by the Parliament of India.
Revisiting the Marginal Locations of Muslim Women on Various Sites in India
Authors: Sur Esita
Published: February 2016

Dominant discourses on Muslim women have revolved around their marginal locations in commu-nity as well as in society. It has mainly been subjected to socio-economic and political structures and conditions as well. However, it is worth mentioning that marginality is not only a lived experi-ence but it also has metaphoric dimensions. The state of marginality relates not only to the poor socio-economic status of Muslim women but the politics of representation of their identities like veiled, passive as well as meek victims in various discourses also constructs the core of their mar-ginal location in the larger society. Therefore, the marginalisation of Muslim women seems to be visible in various discourses in India. Briefly, the paper will attempt to comprehend the undercur-rents functioning behind the construction of the very concept of marginality and locate Muslim women in popular and academic discourses on marginality.
Spatial Pattern and Variation in Literacy among the Scheduled Castes Population in the Brahmaputra Valley, Assam
Authors: Barooah Momita Goswami
Published: February 2016

Scheduled Caste (SC) population constitutes a sizeable portion of the total population of Assam accounting for 6.32 per cent according to the 2011 Census. They comprise a socially backward class in the Indian society's downtrodden illiterate people of the Indian social fabric. Literacy and educational attainment are considered the hallmark of a modern society. The traits of the modern society, such as, industrialisation, modernisation and urbanisation are closely associated with the level of literacy and education. In the middle part of the 20th century, the literacy rate among them was very low. However, in the later part of the 20th century and in the current millennium due to the developmental measures implemented by both the Central as well as State Governments of India and due to the influence of mass media, there has been a change in the pattern of literacy.

The literacy rate of the SC population in the Brahmaputra Valley, Assam was 66.34 per cent in 2011 against 61.15 per cent for general population, which is slightly lower than the SC population in the Valley. The study of the pattern of literacy among various social groups of SCs in the study area provides an insight into the socio-economic situations. An attempt has been made in this paper to analyse the spatial pattern of literacy and its variations among the scheduled caste population in the Brahmaputra Valley, Assam.
Urbanisation in West Bengal: An Analysis of Recent Processes
Authors: Ghosh Biswajit , Chakma Namita
Published: February 2016

The present work intends to study the recent processes of urbanisation of West Bengal by measuring some selected indices: like level of urbanisation, decadal growth of urban population, rate of urbanisation, pace of urbanisation and urban growth, contribution of growth in urban population to total growth and rural-urban displacement. It is a meso-level study, and 19 districts of the state have been selected as units of study. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the research has identified three principal factors that determine the processes of urbanisation in the state: rural-urban displacement, decadal growth rate and rate of urbanisation. All these three factors responded positively in both primary and secondary loadings.
Life and Times of Unborn Kamla
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rituparna
Published: February 2016

K.K.Varma.2013. New Delhi:

Palimpsest Publishers, 131 pages, Kindle Edition: £1.87;

Paperback £1.87/₹275
Application of Social Network Analysis for Livelihood System Study
Authors: Misra Sanchayeeta , Goswami Rupak , Basu Debabrata , Jana Rabindranath
Published: February 2016

Social Network Analysis (SNA) has received growing attention among diverse academic fields for studying â€˜social relationsâ€™ among individuals and institutions. Unfortunately, its application has remained limited in the study of livelihood systems of rural poor. Complexity in rural livelihoods has increased sharply in the face of increased pressure on natural resources and rapid shift in farm-based to non-farm based employments. This poses great challenge to successful livelihood intervention in rural areas. On one hand, rural development/extension needs to cater to diverse information and service need of the rural people; on other hand, rural institutions need to deliver livelihood-sustaining services more efficiently, which often need institutional restructuring at multiple levels. To achieve these challenges, a strong innovative analytical tool is required for understanding the complexity of rural livelihoods and the associated role of rural institutions. SNA provides excellent scope to analyse such complex systems and interactions among their components. This article proposes an outline of using SNA in livelihood system analysis. The analysis can provide answer to many questions of practical importance â€“ Who are the influential actors in a livelihood system? Which are the key institutions contributing towards sustainable livelihoods? How do these actors interact among themselves? This will help rural development administrators to deliver livelihood-supporting services more efficiently through informed targeting and capacity building.
Publication Watch
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rituparna
Published: February 2016

Hi Readers,In this special issue on methodology, we bring you the news of resources on methodology that is available free in the internet. These include on-line resources, e-books and journal articles. The following are the free resources:
Mapping the Applicability of Counselling In Educational Settings
Authors: Choudhury Sabiha Alam
Published: February 2016

Counselling is a purposeful understanding of a person so as to promote self-understanding in that person. There is an urgent need of introducing and strengthening the counselling service in the schools and colleges to meet the various needs of the students. Along with the intellectual development, proper motivation and clarification of goals and ideas to pupils in conformity with their basic potentialities and social tendencies are important for the total development of the student. Professional counsellors in educational settings ought to develop and deliver comprehensive counselling programme supporting and promoting student achievement, which should include a systematic and planned programme delivery involving all students and enhancing the learning process. This study is based on the review of secondary literature in an attempt to highlight the utmost relevance of counselling services in an educational setting.
Commuting patterns of workers in a village of Barddhaman district, West Bengal
Authors: Mondal Bhaswati
Published: February 2016

Commuting helps to keep balance between residence and workplace of workers. With growing accessibility and connectivity, the importance of commuting is increasing all over the world. It is becoming a major substitute to migration. In commute-studies, commute-pattern is an important chapter. It highlights commutersâ€™ directions of movement, distance they cover, modes of transport they use, the time they take to commute, etc. Unlike the urban-based commute pattern, commute pattern in rural areas are relatively an under-researched issue. In fact, traditionally rural people are thought to carry a sedentary lifestyle. Using primary data, this study aims to explore the commute patterns of rural workers located in the village of Gandharbapur of Barddhaman district of West Bengal, India. All the commuters were found to be engaged in non-farm work. Commuters stem from two major groups. One group of commuters is accumulated farm-income induced. They possess sufficient agricultural land. Investing their surplus farm-income, they have established non-farm works. The second group of commuters is poverty-driven. They are landless poor or are marginal farmers and to escape poverty, they have slipped into these works. Located beyond the suburban area (Memari being the nearest town), most commuters commute to nearby rural areas. Due to non-availability of public transport, women commute less than men do. Regular-paid government employees commute longer than other workers commute. The article concludes with a summary of findings and recommendations for further research.
Some Aspects of Community Empowerment and Resilience
Authors: Pervin Amina
Published: February 2016

Editors: Venkat Pulla and Bharath Bhushan Mamidi. 2015. New Delhi: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd, ISBN: 978-81-8424-962-0, 258 pages, Paperback US$25.00 /â‚¹750
Publication Watch
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rituparna
Published: February 2016

The following are some of the new publications for the Volume 3 (1). All are freely available on the internet.Â
Relocation and Livelihood Concerns of Sariska Tiger Project, Rajasthan: A Pride or Plight?
Authors: Meena Muraree Lal
Published: February 2016

It is well known that Sariska Tiger Reserve is a home to the Indiaâ€™s national animal - the Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris). The crux of this research is to examine the role of local peoples in the conservation of Sariska Tiger project, which was declared a wildlife reserve way back in 1955 and then further raised to a status of a Tiger Reserve in 1978, and a National Park in 1982. According to the Government officials, the people around the reserve are not only responsible for degrading the reserve, it has also emerged as a safe haven for the poachers involved in illegal hunting of the tigers. One of the reasons identified to be the cause of tiger extinction is the human habitation in the core and in the peripheral areas surrounding the tiger reserves. Despite efforts being made to protect, the Sariska Tiger Reserve, located in Alwar (Rajasthan) is seriously facing the problem of tiger extinction. It is estimated that there are around 12 thousand people residing inside the tiger reserve, with 11 villages in the Core Zone-1 area and about 170 villages situated along the peripheries of the reserve. Among the prime measures undertaken are diversions of traffic, relocation of the villages located inside the forest. The Tiger Task Force (2005) has recommended relocation of three key villages surrounding the central area of the Sariska Tiger Reserve.

However, this relocation of villages is quite contrary to the life style of the people residing within these villages. Their social and cultural attributes, needs and aspirations have not been given due consideration and the villagers are strongly resenting this move by the government. These displaced villagers have been living in perfect harmony with their environment from time immemorial and it is hard to understand how these villagers can be held responsible for degrading their natural environment, which is their lifeline. The government has failed to take into consideration the role of the neighbouring urban centres that are more responsible for the degradation of the habitat as compared to these simple villagers. In the light of these arguments, this research is an attempt to study and highlight the issues and problems related to the displacement of villages in the core area of the reserve and suggest suitable measures.
Socialisation Process, Power Relations and Domestic Violence: Marginal Voices of Assamese Women
Authors: Vauquline Polly
Published: February 2016

Domestic violence is an evil that never dies. It is an indicator of inequality, injustice and discrimination of the social system. Though there is no justification for its existence in a civilized society, then why it is so difficult to root it out? Why does it persist to exist even after the prevalence of legal provisions to combat domestic violence? The causes maybe embedded on the facts that it involves intimate relationship on the one hand and exercise of power relations on the other. These power relations put women at disadvantaged positions, which are prominently gendered in nature. Assam, a state in the north-eastern corner of India, is unique in its own distinction. It is a region with myriad communities with varied culture, ethnic and social background. Distinctive statistical differences of domestic violence exist among these communities. These variations may categorically be due to the nature of power relations in intimate relations among these communities, which is probed with the application of oral history method. An effort is made through this study to explore the societal attitudes concerning power within intimate human relations. The focus of this paper is to search for the social beliefs attached with the power relations that have been governing them or promoting them in the form of social values, customs, rituals and traditions, which are the nucleus of domestic violence in Assamese society. This study intends to investigate the power relations amongst the different communities. Oral history method is applied to probe the socialisation process of the victims of domestic violence and to analyse how it creates power relations that caters to domestic violence. It gives a deeper understanding to the gendered nature of power in intimate relations. It illustrates that power relations is created through socialisation process and is a contributing attribute to domestic violence among spouses.
Groundwater flow and transport model of the Estonian Artesian Basin and its hydrological developments
Authors: Vallner L. , Porman A.
Published: February 2016

The sophisticated research and management problems of the Estonian water environment are considered by means of holistic modelling. The model elaborated is based on the computer code Visual MODFLOW Classic. The model encompasses the entire Estonian Artesian Basin (EAB) and the border districts of Russia and Latvia. It involves all main aquifers and aquitards on an area of 88,000 km2. The main hydrogeological and hydrological characteristics of the study area, including the time-dependent three-dimensional distribution of groundwater heads, the direction, velocity and rate of subsurface fluxes, itemised water budgets, volumes of hydrogeological units, and durations of groundwater exchange have been determined by modelling. The palaeohydrological situation during the last continental glaciation of the EAB was reconstructed and the principal problems of the sustainable management of water environment were elucidated. The model has been used to simulate the local and cumulative rates of the base flow.
Acquired-Hypernatraemia in the Intensive Care Units
Authors: Premaratne S. , Jagoda H. , Ikram M.M. , Abayadeera A.
Published: February 2016

Objectives:

Determine the incidence and predisposing factors of acquired-hypernatraemia in the intensive care units (ICU) and its impact on the outcome.

Design:

Observational cross-sectional study with prospective analysis.
Setting: Surgical, medical and trauma intensive care units of National Hospital of Sri Lanka.

Study Population:

174 consecutive patients were included in this study.

Definition:

Hypernatraemia was defined as serum sodium concentration > 145 mmol/l. Results: 74 patients (42.5%) developed hypernatraemia after admission to the intensive care units. Incidence in medical, surgical and trauma ICUs were 47%, 48% and 31% respectively. Significantly lower incidence was reported in patients with trauma compared to the patients from the other two ICUs. High APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) score, low GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale), organ dysfunction, transfusion of blood and blood products were associated with an increased incidence of hypernatraemia. Hypernatraemic patients had received significantly greater volume of intravenous fluids exceeding their daily fluid requirement. Compared to normonatraemic patients, hypernatraemic patients demonstrated a longer length of stay (LOS) in the ICU (mean 4.8 days versus 11 days, p< 0.001) and a higher ICU-mortality rate (15% versus 43%, p<0.001).

Conclusions:

Severity of the illness, inappropriate intravenous fluid therapy and blood transfusions contribute to the incidence of hypernatraemia in intensive care units. It is associated with increased risk of ICU-mortality and longer length of stay in the ICU.
Disallowance of Acot7 in β-Cells Is Required for Normal Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Secretion
Authors: Martinez-Sanchez Aida , Pullen Timothy J. , Chabosseau Pauline , Zhang Qifeng , Haythorne Elizabeth , Cane Matthew C. , Nguyen-Tu Marie-Sophie , Sayers Sophie R. , Rutter Guy A.
Published: February 2016

Encoding acyl-CoA thioesterase-7 (Acot7) is one of ∼60 genes expressed ubiquitously across tissues but relatively silenced, or disallowed, in pancreatic β-cells. The capacity of ACOT7 to hydrolyze long-chain acyl-CoA esters suggests potential roles in β-oxidation, lipid biosynthesis, signal transduction, or insulin exocytosis. We explored the physiological relevance of β-cell–specific Acot7 silencing by re-expressing ACOT7 in these cells. ACOT7 overexpression in clonal MIN6 and INS1(832/13) β-cells impaired insulin secretion in response to glucose plus fatty acids. Furthermore, in a panel of transgenic mouse lines, we demonstrate that overexpression of mitochondrial ACOT7 selectively in the adult β-cell reduces glucose tolerance dose dependently and impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. By contrast, depolarization-induced secretion was unaffected, arguing against a direct action on the exocytotic machinery. Acyl-CoA levels, ATP/ADP increases, membrane depolarization, and Ca2+ fluxes were all markedly reduced in transgenic mouse islets, whereas glucose-induced oxygen consumption was unchanged. Although glucose-induced increases in ATP/ADP ratio were similarly lowered after ACOT7 overexpression in INS1(832/13) cells, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were unaffected, consistent with an action of Acot7 to increase cellular ATP consumption. Because Acot7 mRNA levels are increased in human islets in type 2 diabetes, inhibition of the enzyme might provide a novel therapeutic strategy.
Association of Multiple Biomarkers of Iron Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes: The EPIC-InterAct Study
Authors: Podmore Clara , Meidtner Karina , Schulze Matthias B. , Scott Robert A. , Ramond Anna , Butterworth Adam S. , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Danesh John , Arriola Larraitz , Barricarte Aurelio , Boeing Heiner , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Cross Amanda J. , Dahm Christina C. , Fagherazzi Guy , Franks Paul W. , Gavrila Diana , Grioni Sara , Gunter Marc J. , Gusto Gaelle , Jakszyn Paula , Katzke Verena , Key Timothy J. , Kühn Tilman , Mattiello Amalia , Nilsson Peter M. , Olsen Anja , Overvad Kim , Palli Domenico , Quirós J. Ramón , Rolandsson Olov , Sacerdote Carlotta , Sánchez-Cantalejo Emilio , Slimani Nadia , Sluijs Ivonne , Spijkerman Annemieke M.W. , Tjonneland Anne , Tumino Rosario , van der A Daphne L. , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Feskens Edith J.M. , Forouhi Nita G. , Sharp Stephen J. , Riboli Elio , Langenberg Claudia , Wareham Nicholas J.
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE

Observational studies show an association between ferritin and type 2 diabetes (T2D), suggesting a role of high iron stores in T2D development. However, ferritin is influenced by factors other than iron stores, which is less the case for other biomarkers of iron metabolism. We investigated associations of ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), serum iron, and transferrin with T2D incidence to clarify the role of iron in the pathogenesis of T2D.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–InterAct study includes 12,403 incident T2D cases and a representative subcohort of 16,154 individuals from a European cohort with 3.99 million person-years of follow-up. We studied the prospective association of ferritin, TSAT, serum iron, and transferrin with incident T2D in 11,052 cases and a random subcohort of 15,182 individuals and assessed whether these associations differed by subgroups of the population.

RESULTS

Higher levels of ferritin and transferrin were associated with a higher risk of T2D (hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI] in men and women, respectively: 1.07 [1.01–1.12] and 1.12 [1.05–1.19] per 100 μg/L higher ferritin level; 1.11 [1.00–1.24] and 1.22 [1.12–1.33] per 0.5 g/L higher transferrin level) after adjustment for age, center, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, education, hs-CRP, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transferase. Elevated TSAT (≥45% vs. <45%) was associated with a lower risk of T2D in women (0.68 [0.54–0.86]) but was not statistically significantly associated in men (0.90 [0.75–1.08]). Serum iron was not associated with T2D. The association of ferritin with T2D was stronger among leaner individuals (Pinteraction < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

The pattern of association of TSAT and transferrin with T2D suggests that the underlying relationship between iron stores and T2D is more complex than the simple link suggested by the association of ferritin with T2D.
Three-Component Reaction between Kojic Acid and Aroyl Chlorides with Ammonium Thiocyanate: Synthesis of 2-Aryl-6-Hydroxymethyl-4-Thioxo-4H-Pyrano[2,3-e][1,3]Oxazin-8-Ones
Authors: Mirbalouchzehi Mohammadnabi , Hassanabadi Alireza
Published: February 2016

A novel method for oxazine ring formation is established using the reaction of ammonium thiocyanate and aroyl chlorides with kojic acid in the presence of N-methylimidazole to afford 2-aryl-6-hydroxymethyl-4-thioxo-4 H-pyrano[2,3- e][1,3]oxazin-8-ones in excellent yields.
Endocannabinoids as Guardians of Metastasis
Authors: Tegeder Irmgard
Published: February 2016

Endocannabinoids including anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol are involved in cancer pathophysiology in several ways, including tumor growth and progression, peritumoral inflammation, nausea and cancer pain. Recently we showed that the endocannabinoid profiles are deranged during cancer to an extent that this manifests in alterations of plasma endocannabinoids in cancer patients, which was mimicked by similar changes in rodent models of local and metastatic cancer. The present topical review summarizes the complexity of endocannabinoid signaling in the context of tumor growth and metastasis.
Plasticity-mediated collapse and recrystallization in hollow copper nanowires: a molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Dutta Amlan , Raychaudhuri Arup Kumar , Saha-Dasgupta Tanusri
Published: February 2016

We study the thermal stability of hollow copper nanowires using molecular dynamics simulation. We find that the plasticity-mediated structural evolution leads to transformation of the initial hollow structure to a solid wire. The process involves three distinct stages, namely, collapse, recrystallization and slow recovery. We calculate the time scales associated with different stages of the evolution process. Our findings suggest a plasticity-mediated mechanism of collapse and recrystallization. This contradicts the prevailing notion of diffusion driven transport of vacancies from the interior to outer surface being responsible for collapse, which would involve much longer time scales as compared to the plasticity-based mechanism.
CONTRASTING GALAXY FORMATION FROM QUANTUM WAVE DARK MATTER, ψDM, WITH ΛCDM, USING PLANCK AND HUBBLE DATA
Authors: Schive Hsi-Yu , Chiueh Tzihong , Broadhurst Tom , Huang Kuan-Wei
Published: February 2016

The newly established luminosity functions (LFs) of high-z galaxies at 4 ≲ z ≲ 10 can provide a stringent check on dark matter models that aim to explain the core properties of dwarf galaxies. The cores of dwarf spheroidal galaxies are understood to be too large to be accounted for by free streaming of warm dark matter without overly suppressing the formation of such galaxies. Here we demonstrate with cosmological simulations that wave dark matter,

, appropriate for light bosons such as axions, does not suffer from this problem, given a boson mass of

(2σ). In this case, the halo mass function is suppressed below

at a level that is consistent with the high-z LFs, while simultaneously generating the kiloparsec-scale cores in dwarf galaxies arising from the solitonic ground state in

. We demonstrate that the reionization history in this scenario is consistent with the Thomson optical depth recently reported by Planck, assuming a reasonable ionizing photon production rate. We predict that the LF should turn over slowly around an intrinsic ultraviolet luminosity of

at

. We also show that for galaxies magnified

in the Hubble Frontier Fields,

predicts an order of magnitude fewer detections than cold dark matter at

down to

, allowing us to distinguish between these very different interpretations for the observed coldness of dark matter.
THE NANOGRAV NINE-YEAR DATA SET: ASTROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF 37 MILLISECOND PULSARS
Authors: Matthews Allison M. , Nice David J. , Fonseca Emmanuel , Arzoumanian Zaven , Crowter Kathryn , Demorest Paul B. , Dolch Timothy , Ellis Justin A. , Ferdman Robert D. , Gonzalez Marjorie E. , Jones Glenn , Jones Megan L. , Lam Michael T. , Levin Lina , McLaughlin Maura A. , Pennucci Timothy T. , Ransom Scott M. , Stairs Ingrid H. , Stovall Kevin , Swiggum Joseph K. , Zhu Weiwei
Published: February 2016

Using the nine-year radio-pulsar timing data set from the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), collected at Arecibo Observatory and the Green Bank Telescope, we have measured the positions, proper motions, and parallaxes for 37 millisecond pulsars. We report twelve significant parallax measurements and distance measurements, and eighteen lower limits on distance. We compare these measurements to distances predicted by the NE2001 interstellar electron density model and find them to be in general agreement. We use measured orbital-decay rates and spin-down rates to confirm two of the parallax distances and to place distance upper limits on other sources; these distance limits agree with the parallax distances with one exception, PSR J1024–0719, which we discuss at length. Using the proper motions of the 37 NANOGrav pulsars in combination with other published measurements, we calculate the velocity dispersion of the millisecond pulsar population in Galactocentric coordinates. We find the radial, azimuthal, and perpendicular dispersions to be 46, 40, and 24

, respectively, in a model that allows for high-velocity outliers; or 81, 58, and 62

for the full population. These velocity dispersions are far smaller than those of the canonical pulsar population, and are similar to older Galactic disk populations. This suggests that millisecond pulsar velocities are largely attributable to their being an old population rather than being artifacts of their birth and evolution as neutron star binary systems. The components of these velocity dispersions follow similar proportions to other Galactic populations, suggesting that our results are not biased by selection effects.
X-RAY BURST OSCILLATIONS: FROM FLAME SPREADING TO THE COOLING WAKE
Authors: Mahmoodifar Simin , Strohmayer Tod
Published: February 2016

Type I X-ray bursts are thermonuclear flashes observed from the surfaces of accreting neutron stars (NSs) in low mass X-ray binaries. Oscillations have been observed during the rise and/or decay of some of these X-ray bursts. Those seen during the rise can be well explained by a spreading hot spot model, but large amplitude oscillations in the decay phase remain mysterious because of the absence of a clear-cut source of asymmetry. To date there have not been any quantitative studies that consistently track the oscillation amplitude both during the rise and decay (cooling tail) of bursts. Here we compute the light curves and amplitudes of oscillations in X-ray burst models that realistically account for both flame spreading and subsequent cooling. We present results for several such “cooling wake” models, a “canonical” cooling model where each patch on the NS surface heats and cools identically, or with a latitude-dependent cooling timescale set by the local effective gravity, and an “asymmetric” model where parts of the star cool at significantly different rates. We show that while the canonical cooling models can generate oscillations in the tails of bursts, they cannot easily produce the highest observed modulation amplitudes. Alternatively, a simple phenomenological model with asymmetric cooling can achieve higher amplitudes consistent with the observations.
MULTI-MESSENGER TESTS FOR FAST-SPINNING NEWBORN PULSARS EMBEDDED IN STRIPPED-ENVELOPE SUPERNOVAE
Authors: Kashiyama Kazumi , Murase Kohta , Bartos Imre , Kiuchi Kenta , Margutti Raffaella
Published: February 2016

Fast-spinning strongly magnetized newborn neutron stars (NSs), including nascent magnetars, are popularly implemented as the engine of luminous stellar explosions. Here, we consider the scenario that they power various stripped-envelope (SE) supernovae (SNe), not only superluminous SNe Ic but also broad-line (BL) SNe Ibc and possibly some ordinary SNe Ibc. This scenario is also motivated by the hypothesis that Galactic magnetars largely originate from fast-spinning NSs as remnants of SE SNe. By consistently modeling the energy injection from magnetized wind and

decay, we show that proto-NSs with

rotation and a poloidal magnetic field of

can be harbored in ordinary SNe Ibc. On the other hand, millisecond proto-NSs can solely power BL SNe Ibc if they are born with

and superluminous SNe Ic with

. Then, we study how multi-messenger emission can be used to discriminate such pulsar-driven SN models from other competitive scenarios. First, high-energy X-ray and gamma-ray emission from embryonic pulsar wind nebulae can probe the underlying newborn pulsar. Follow-up observations of SE SNe using NuSTAR

after the explosion are strongly encouraged for nearby objects. We also discuss possible effects of gravitational waves (GWs) on the spin-down of proto-NSs. If millisecond proto-NSs with

emit GWs through, e.g., non-axisymmetric rotation deformed by the inner toroidal fields of

, the GW signal can be detectable from ordinary SNe Ibc in the Virgo cluster by Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA.
RESOLVED CO GAS INTERIOR TO THE DUST RINGS OF THE HD 141569 DISK
Authors: Flaherty Kevin M. , Hughes A. Meredith , Andrews Sean M. , Qi Chunhua , Wilner David J. , Boley Aaron C. , White Jacob A. , Harney Will , Zachary Julia
Published: February 2016

The disk around HD 141569 is one of a handful of systems whose weak infrared emission is consistent with a debris disk, but still has a significant reservoir of gas. Here we report spatially resolved millimeter observations of the CO(3-2) and CO(1-0) emission as seen with the Submillimeter Array and CARMA. We find that the excitation temperature for CO is lower than expected from cospatial blackbody grains, similar to previous observations of analogous systems, and derive a gas mass that lies between that of gas-rich primordial disks and gas-poor debris disks. The data also indicate a large inner hole in the CO gas distribution and an outer radius that lies interior to the outer scattered light rings. This spatial distribution, with the dust rings just outside the gaseous disk, is consistent with the expected interactions between gas and dust in an optically thin disk. This indicates that gas can have a significant effect on the location of the dust within debris disks.
ON POTASSIUM AND OTHER ABUNDANCE ANOMALIES OF RED GIANTS IN NGC 2419
Authors: Iliadis C. , Karakas A. I. , Prantzos N. , Lattanzio J. C. , Doherty C. L.
Published: February 2016

Globular clusters are of paramount importance for testing theories of stellar evolution and early galaxy formation. Strong evidence for multiple populations of stars in globular clusters derives from observed abundance anomalies. A puzzling example is the recently detected Mg–K anticorrelation in NGC 2419. We perform Monte Carlo nuclear reaction network calculations to constrain the temperature–density conditions that gave rise to the elemental abundances observed in this elusive cluster. We find a correlation between stellar temperature and density values that provide a satisfactory match between simulated and observed abundances in NGC 2419 for all relevant elements (Mg, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, and V). Except at the highest densities (ρ ≳ 108 g cm−3), the acceptable conditions range from ≈100 MK at ≈108 g cm−3 to ≈200 MK at ≈10−4 g cm−3. This result accounts for uncertainties in nuclear reaction rates and variations in the assumed initial composition. We review hydrogen-burning sites and find that low-mass stars, asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, massive stars, or supermassive stars cannot account for the observed abundance anomalies in NGC 2419. Super-AGB stars could be viable candidates for the polluter stars if stellar model parameters can be fine-tuned to produce higher temperatures. Novae, involving either CO or ONe white dwarfs, could be interesting polluter candidates, but a current lack of low-metallicity nova models precludes firmer conclusions. We also discuss whether additional constraints for the first-generation polluters can be obtained by future measurements of oxygen, or by evolving models of second-generation low-mass stars with a non-canonical initial composition.
GLOBULAR CLUSTER POPULATIONS: RESULTS INCLUDING S4G LATE-TYPE GALAXIES
Authors: Zaritsky Dennis , McCabe Kelsey , Aravena Manuel , Athanassoula E. , Bosma Albert , Comerón Sébastien , Courtois Helene M. , Elmegreen Bruce G. , Elmegreen Debra M. , Erroz-Ferrer Santiago , Gadotti Dimitri A. , Hinz Joannah L. , Ho Luis C. , Holwerda Benne , Kim Taehyun , Knapen Johan H. , Laine Jarkko , Laurikainen Eija , Muñoz-Mateos Juan Carlos , Salo Heikki , Sheth Kartik
Published: February 2016

Using 3.6 and 4.5 μm images of 73 late-type, edge-on galaxies from the S4G survey, we compare the richness of the globular cluster populations of these galaxies to those of early-type galaxies that we measured previously. In general, the galaxies presented here fill in the distribution for galaxies with lower stellar mass, M
*, specifically

, overlap the results for early-type galaxies of similar masses, and, by doing so, strengthen the case for a dependence of the number of globular clusters per 109
M
⊙ of galaxy stellar mass, T
N, on M
*. For

we find the relationship can be satisfactorily described as

when M
* is expressed in solar masses. The functional form of the relationship is only weakly constrained, and extrapolation outside this range is not advised. Our late-type galaxies, in contrast to our early types, do not show the tendency for low-mass galaxies to split into two T
N families. Using these results and a galaxy stellar mass function from the literature, we calculate that, in a volume-limited, local universe sample, clusters are most likely to be found around fairly massive galaxies (M
* ∼ 1010.8
M
⊙) and present a fitting function for the volume number density of clusters as a function of parent-galaxy stellar mass. We find no correlation between T
N and large-scale environment, but we do find a tendency for galaxies of fixed M
* to have larger T
N if they have converted a larger proportion of their baryons into stars.
L’alexandrine révoltée
Authors: El Chazli Youssef
Published: February 2016

Résumé Portrait de Mahienour El Masry.
Qui est le peuple ?
Authors: Confavreux Joseph
Published: February 2016

Résumé Entretien avec Anna Roussillon
Les phylactères du Caire
Authors: Carle Zoé
Published: February 2016

Résumé Entretien avec Mohammed Shennawy
5 SONNETSSONNANTS
Authors: Zawacki Andrew , Portugal Anne
Published: February 2016

Résumé « You there ? »
« Au bled c’est le peuple contre l’État. Ici, viens voir l’état du peuple… »
Authors: Lorius Marius
Published: February 2016

Résumé Témoignages de migrants en lutte
Des corps puissants et des chaussures sales : une ode à la résistance
Authors: Aykac Çağla
Published: February 2016

Résumé Gezi n’était que le début
Entretien avec le fantôme de Maximilien Robespierre
Authors: Wahnich Sophie
Published: February 2016

Résumé Par Sophie Wahnich. Pensez-vous que les situations de guerre d’aujourd’hui peuvent être analysées avec les outils de la Révolution française ?
À Pascal Cribier, ces fleurs éphémères
Authors: Brunon Hervé
Published: February 2016

Résumé Cultiver notre jardin
Chemistry and karst
Authors: White William
Published: February 2016

The processes of initiation and development of characteristic surface karst landforms and underground caves are nearly all chemical processes. This paper reviews the advances in understanding of karst chemistry over the past 60 years. The equilibrium chemistry of carbonate and sulfate dissolution and deposition is well established with accurate values for the necessary constants. The equations for bulk kinetics are known well enough for accurate modeling of speleogenetic processes but much is being learned about atomic scale mechanisms. The chemistry of karst waters, expressed as parameters such as total dissolved carbonates, saturation index, and equilibrium carbon dioxide pressure are useful tools for probing the internal characteristics of karst aquifers. Continuous records of chemical parameters (chemographs) taken from springs and other karst waters mapped onto discharge hydrographs reveal details of the internal flow system. The chemistry of speleothem deposition is well understood at the level of bulk processes but much has been learned of the surface chemistry on an atomic scale by use of the atomic force microscope. Least well understood is the chemistry of hypogenetic karst. The main chemical reactions are known but equilibrium modeling could be improved and reaction kinetics are largely unknown.Kemija in KrasProcesi začetka in razvoja značilnih površinskih kraških oblik in podzemnih jam imajo skoraj vsi razlog v kemiji. Prispevek je pregled napredka v razumevanju kraške kemije v zadnjih 60 letih. Kemijsko ravnotežje raztapljanja in odlaganja karbonatov in sulfatov je dobro poznano, kjer natančno poznamo vse potrebne ravnotežne konstante. Tudi kinetika raztapljanja na makroskopski ravni je dovolj dobro poznana, da lahko modeliramo procese speleogeneze. Osnovne mehanizme raztapljanja na atomski ravni še vedno spoznavamo. Kemija kraških vodah, izražena v parametrih, kot so vsebnost raztopljenih karbonatov, indeks nasičenosti in ravnovesje tlaka ogljikovega dioksida, je danes uporabno orodje za raziskovanje značilnosti kraških vodonosnikov. Zvezno beleženje kemičnih parametrov na kraških izvirih in drugih kraških vodah (kemogrami) skupaj s pretočnimi hidrogrami razkrivajo podrobnosti o podzemnem sistemu pretakanja voda. Tudi kemizem odlaganja sige na makroskopski ravni dobro razumemo, raziskave z mikroskopi na atomsko silo (AFM) pa nam omogočajo nova spoznanja o procesih na atomski ravni. Še najmanj je razumljena kemija hipogenega krasa. Glavne reakcije so znane, vendar je že modeliranje ravnotežja pomanjkljivo, še manj pa vemo o kemijski kinetiki.
Physicochemical and antioxidant characteristics of gingerbread plum (Neocarya macrophylla) kernel oils
Authors: Diaby M. , Amza T. , Onivogui G. , Zou X. Q. , Jin Q. Z.
Published: February 2016

This study examined the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of oils extracted from gingerbread plum kernels grown in two different areas (Niger and Guinea). The oil contents were found to be significantly different (P ≤ 0.05); 56% and 60% for gingerbread plum kernels originated from Niger (GPKN) and guinea (GPKG), respectively. GPKG showed the highest levels for physical parameters such as iodine, saponification, free fatty acid, acid and peroxide values when compared with GPKN. The major monounsaturated fatty acid in both GPKN and GPKG was oleic acid (42.46 and 41.43%, respectively) while the polyunsaturated fatty acids consisted of linoleic and arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid was at higher levels (17.67 and 21.72% in GPKN and GPKG, respectively) than those in common vegetable oils. Results from antioxidant activity essays showed that GPKG is more active than GPKN in DPPH radical scavenging, β-carotene and phenolic contents while GPKN showed the highest values for reducing power and flavonoid. Of the 11 sterol compounds found in this study, 24-hydroxy-24-methyl cholesterol, clerosterol and sitosterol accounted for 68.5% and 66.33% in GPKN and GPKG, respectively. Finally, all tocopherol vitamers (except γ-tocopherol) were present in GPKN and GPKG with α-tocopherol being the main element in both samples.
Ultrafiltration-based degumming of crude rice bran oil using a polymer membrane
Authors: Sehn G. A.R. , Gonçalves L. A.G. , Ming C. C.
Published: February 2016

Membrane technology has been gaining momentum in industrial processes, especially in food technology. It is believed to simplify processes, reduce energy consumption, and eliminate pollutants. The objective was to study the performance of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyethersulfone (PES) polymeric membranes in the degumming of the miscella of crude rice bran oil by using a bench-scale tangential filtration module. In addition, oil miscella filtration techniques using hexane and anhydrous ethyl alcohol solvents were compared. All membranes showed the retention of phospholipids and high flow rates. However, the best performance was observed using the 50-kDa PVDF membrane in miscella hexane solvent, with a 95.5% retention of the phosphorus concentration (by a factor of 1.4), resulting in a permeate with 29 mg·kg−1 of phosphorus and an average flow rate of 48.1 L·m−2·h−1. This technology can be used as a low-pollution, economical alternative for the de-gumming of crude rice bran oil, being effective in the removal of hydratable and non-hydratable phospholipids, resulting in oils with a low phosphorus content.
CSR Strategies in Emerging Markets
Authors: Ogrean Claudia , Herciu Mihaela
Published: February 2016

The purpose of the chapter is to emphasize on the roles of businesses – as an effective (sustainable) development agent in emerging markets, on one hand, and of their CSR strategies – as an efficient sustainable development tool, on the other hand, in order to identify valuable business practices able to lead the emerging markets towards sustainability – through socially responsible decision making processes at business level. Having in the fore-ground the ideas of sustainability (which basically is a macro-economic concern) and responsibility (and especially its micro-economic correspondent that usually embraces the form of CSR), it will try to discover the general and specific features of the business models that capitalize the best the synergy between the social responsibility of business and the ensuring of sustainability in emerging markets.
Business and E Business Strategies for Coopetition and Thematic Management as a Sustained Basis for Ethics and Social Responsibility in Emerging Markets
Authors: Haynes John D , Arockiasamy S. , Al Rashdi Mohammad , Al Rashdi Said
Published: February 2016

This chapter firstly explains why Emerging Markets offer Businesses tremendous opportunities for long term growth. As a sustained basis to that growth, specifically for Emerging Markets (EMs), this chapter then presents working details for a business management model, Thematic Management, which is aimed at providing the necessary enabling circumstances for trust through the introduction and importance of the gradual fulfillment of ethics and social responsibility within an EM. These enabling circumstances provide the foundation for the importance of Thematic Management as a strategic basis for successful and sustained engagement in Coopetition within Emerging Markets. Coopetition is defined as a combination of cooperation and competition. Cooperation relates to an alliance with another similar or complimentary business where the joint venture provides for mutually beneficial gains. We believe that an ethical and socially responsible approach to competition also has benefits for the engaging business in terms of unexpected gains from, for example, efforts that lead to a consistently good reputation. Thematic Management (TM) is based on the premise: “As Outside so Inside”. TM occurs where senior management consistently experiments with creating an internal environment of trust between employees and management. TM allows for staff members to be organized into special teams, which are mentored, to emulate, inside the business, the ethical and socially responsible behavioral theme of engagement in the market outside the business. TM provides for staff taking (monitored) risks; having senior team leaders engage in debates with senior management, among other practices, all with a view to an improvement in staff creativity, innovation, and finally intuition and wisdom for core knowledge retention and strategic sustainability.
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Bahraini Construction Companies
Authors: Ayari Asma
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study is to give a description of ethical business cultures in Bahraini construction companies. Construction companies in the Middle East are facing charges in terms of exploitation of workers and poor working conditions. The construction sector is one of the most dynamic in Bahrain, and its participation in national GDP is increasing. It is also the most important sector in the creation of jobs. Bahrain, as in the Gulf countries, employs a workforce from India and Asia, one of the lowest in the international labor market. This study analyzes the reality of the CSR in the construction sector and proposes some guidelines for the role of Bahraini stakeholders in the implementation of the social responsibility.