bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Color Experiences the Same across the Visual Field?
Authors: Zeleznikow-Johnston Ariel , Aizawa Yasunori , Yamada Makiko , Tsuchiya Naotsugu
Published: January 2023

It seems obvious to laypeople that neurotypical humans experience color equivalently across their entire visual field. To some neuroscientists, psychologists, and philosophers, though, this claim has been met with skepticism, as neurophysiological evidence indicates the mechanisms that support color perception degrade with eccentricity. However, the argument that this entails altered color experience in peripheral vision is not universally accepted. Here, we address whether color experience is essentially equivalent between central and peripheral vision. To assess this, we will obtain similarity relationships between color experiences across the visual field using both online and laboratory-based far-field displays, while removing the confounds of saccades, memory, and expectation about color experiences. Our experiment was designed to provide clear evidence that would favor either unchanged or altered color experience relationships in the periphery. Our results are consistent with lay people's phenomenological reports: Color experiences, as probed by similarity relationships in central vision and the far field (60°), are equivalent when elicited by large stimuli. These findings challenge the widespread view in philosophy and cognitive science that peripheral color experiences are illusory, and are discussed in the context of their related neurophysiological, psychophysical, and philosophical literature.
The Privileged Status of Peer Faces: Subordinate-level Neural Representations of Faces in Emerging Adults
Authors: Dai Junqiang , Scherf K. Suzanne
Published: January 2023

Faces can be represented at a variety of different subordinate levels (e.g., race) that can become “privileged” for visual recognition in perceivers and is reflected as patterns of biases (e.g., own-race bias). The mechanisms encoding privileged status are likely varied, making it difficult to predict how neural systems represent subordinate-level biases in face processing. Here, we investigate the neural basis of subordinate-level representations of human faces in the ventral visual pathway, by leveraging recent behavioral findings indicating the privileged nature of peer faces in identity recognition for adolescents and emerging adults (i.e., ages 18–25 years). We tested 166 emerging adults in a face recognition paradigm and a subset of 31 of these participants in two fMRI task paradigms. We showed that emerging adults exhibit a peer bias in face recognition behavior, which indicates a privileged status for a subordinate-level category of faces that is not predicted based on experience alone. This privileged status of peer faces is supported by multiple neural mechanisms within the ventral visual pathway, including enhanced neural magnitude and neural size in the neural size in the fusiform area (FFA1), which is a critical part of the face-processing network that fundamentally supports the representations of subordinate-level categories of faces. These findings demonstrate organizational principles that the human ventral visual pathway uses to privilege relevant social information in face representations, which is essential for navigating human social interactions. It will be important to understand whether similar mechanisms support representations of other subordinate-level categories like race and gender.
Expanding connectomics to the laminar level: A perspective
Authors: Shamir Ittai , Assaf Yaniv
Published: January 2023

Despite great progress in uncovering the complex connectivity patterns of the human brain over the last two decades, the field of connectomics still experiences a bias in its viewpoint of the cerebral cortex. Due to a lack of information regarding exact end points of fiber tracts inside cortical gray matter, the cortex is commonly reduced to a single homogenous unit. Concurrently, substantial developments have been made over the past decade in the use of relaxometry and particularly inversion recovery imaging for exploring the laminar microstructure of cortical gray matter. In recent years, these developments have culminated in an automated framework for cortical laminar composition analysis and visualization, followed by studies of cortical dyslamination in epilepsy patients and age-related differences in laminar composition in healthy subjects. This perspective summarizes the developments and remaining challenges of multi-T1 weighted imaging of cortical laminar substructure, the current limitations in structural connectomics, and the recent progress in integrating these fields into a new model-based subfield termed ‘laminar connectomics’. In the coming years, we predict an increased use of similar generalizable, data-driven models in connectomics with the purpose of integrating multimodal MRI datasets and providing a more nuanced and detailed characterization of brain connectivity.
Weighted Verification Tools to Evaluate Univariate and Multivariate Probabilistic Forecasts for High-Impact Weather Events
Authors: Allen Sam , Bhend Jonas , Martius Olivia , Ziegel Johanna
Published: January 2023

To mitigate the impacts associated with adverse weather conditions, meteorological services issue weather warnings to the general public. These warnings rely heavily on forecasts issued by underlying prediction systems. When deciding which prediction system(s) to utilize when constructing warnings, it is important to compare systems in their ability to forecast the occurrence and severity of high-impact weather events. However, evaluating forecasts for particular outcomes is known to be a challenging task. This is exacerbated further by the fact that high-impact weather often manifests as a result of several confounding features, a realization that has led to considerable research on so-called compound weather events. Both univariate and multivariate methods are therefore required to evaluate forecasts for high-impact weather. In this paper, we discuss weighted verification tools, which allow particular outcomes to be emphasized during forecast evaluation. We review and compare different approaches to construct weighted scoring rules, both in a univariate and multivariate setting, and we leverage existing results on weighted scores to introduce conditional probability integral transform (PIT) histograms, allowing forecast calibration to be assessed conditionally on particular outcomes having occurred. To illustrate the practical benefit afforded by these weighted verification tools, they are employed in a case study to evaluate probabilistic forecasts for extreme heat events issued by the Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss).
Fourier Transform Infrared Reflection Anisotropy Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Crystals and Structures: Development and Application in the Mid-Infrared
Authors: Firsov Dmitrii D. , Khakhulin Semyon A. , Komkov Oleg S.
Published: January 2023

A new method of reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) with increased mid-IR efficiency owing to the use of a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer has been developed. An optical setup was implemented using a photoelastic modulator (PEM) to modulate the direction of linear polarization of the probe beam originating from the Michelson interferometer. An original measurement algorithm was proposed to eliminate the influence of spectral inhomogeneity of the PEM efficiency on the obtained spectra using appropriate calibration. It was shown that to preserve the sign of the RAS signal, it is necessary to use a specialized procedure for phase correction of the interferogram registered by the FT-IR spectrometer. In the visible range, good agreement was confirmed between the obtained reflection anisotropy (RA) spectra of a semiconductor crystal and the results of independent measurements using a conventional diffraction-grating spectrometer–based setup. The RA spectrum of a III–V semiconductor heterostructure in the mid-infrared range (λ up to 8 µm) is demonstrated. Application of the developed FT-IR RAS method to layered black phosphorus has enabled characterization of anisotropic interband transitions in this graphene-like semiconductor crystal.
Autonomous material composite morphing wing
Authors: Morton Daniel , Xu Artemis , Matute Alberto , Shepherd Robert F
Published: January 2023

Aeronautics research has continually sought to achieve the adaptability and morphing performance of avian wings, but in practice, wings of all scales continue to use the same hinged control-surface embodiment. Recent research into compliant and bio-inspired mechanisms for morphing wings and control surfaces has indicated promising results, though often these are mechanically complex, or limited in the number of degrees-of-freedom (DOF) they can control. Seeking to improve on these limitations, we apply a new paradigm denoted Autonomous Material Composites to the design of avian-scale morphing wings. With this methodology, we reduce the need for complex actuation and mechanisms, and allow for three-dimensional placement of stretchable fiber optic strain gauges (Optical Lace) throughout the metamaterial structure. This structure centers around elastomeric conformal lattices, and by applying functionally-graded warping and thickening to this lattice, we allow for local tailoring of the compliance properties to fit the desired morphing. As a result, the wing achieves high-deformation morphing in three DOF: twist, camber, and extension/compression, with these morphed shapes effectively modifying the aerodynamic performance of the wing, as demonstrated in low-Reynolds wind tunnel testing. Our sensors also successfully demonstrate differentiable trends across all degrees of morphing, enabling the future state estimation and control of this wing.
National Trends in Special Education and Academic Outcomes for English Learners With Disabilities
Authors: Cooc North
Published: January 2023

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires annual data collection to monitor the provision of special education services, yet federal reports rarely disaggregate trends for English learners (ELs). In merging all available annual data files required under IDEA from 2006 to 2020, the present study provides the first large-scale examination of trends in the school experiences and outcomes of ELs with disabilities. Results show that while EL overrepresentation in special education is limited, the population has increased by more than 50%, with growth rates substantially higher by disability type (autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay) and geographic region (U.S. Midwest and Northeast). Analyses of school outcomes show consistently lower rates of suspension, general education inclusion, and high school graduation for ELs with disabilities relative to non-ELs with disabilities. Test score trends from the National Assessment for Education Progress reveal stagnation for ELs with disabilities and a consistent gap relative to non-ELs with disabilities. The study has implications for how schools prepare for changing student demographics in special education and improve student outcomes.
Gender and access to complex and gender-biased agricultural technology information and knowledge: Evidence from smart-valleys in West Africa
Authors: Kinkingninhoun Medagbe Florent Mahoukede , Floquet Anne , Mongbo Roch Lambert , Aoudji Kossi Nounagnon Augustin , Mujawamariya Gaudiose , Ahoyo Adjovi Nestor René
Published: January 2023

This paper identifies some ways to effectively transfer complex and gender-biased technology information and knowledge (TIK) to both men and women by analyzing the diffusion of Smart-valleys technology in West-Africa. ANOVA and Fisher's exact tests were applied to data collected from 1120 lowland rice farmers in West Africa. Results confirm the general gender inequality in TIK communication with male farmers having more access to Smart-valleys TIK than female lowland farmers. Only few female communicators were used in Smart-valleys TIK transfer even if they were found to be as efficient as men at communicating and teaching. However, opposite results obtained in Togo in particular reveal that it is possible to ensure gender equality in agricultural TIK communication, even in case of complex and gender-bias technologies, if specific gender mainstreaming and gender equity actions are undertaken during technology diffusion. Women-to-women communication improved female farmers access to Smart-valleys TIK confirming that involving female communicators will reduce gender inequality in TIK diffusion. On-farm demonstration was identified as the most effective approach, not only in Smart-valleys TIK communication, but also in ensuring gender equity in access of both male and female farmers to the TIK. Therefore, on-farm demonstration combined with oral explanations should be adopted as the main approach in complex and gender-biased technologies diffusion in general, and in Smart-valleys diffusion in particular.
Conservation agriculture practices improve crop productivity and farm profitability when adopted by Bangladeshi smallholders in the Eastern Gangetic Plain
Authors: Miah M. A. Monayem , Bell Richard W. , Haque Enamul , Rahman Md. Wakilur , Sarkar Md. Abdur Rouf , Rashid M. A.
Published: January 2023

In research settings in the Eastern Gangetic Plain, Conservation Agriculture (CA) reduces operational costs, including cost for machinery, labour and fuel, while increasing yields, profit and soil organic carbon. However, the impact of the CA practices when adopted by smallholder farms on their crop productivity and farm profitability in this region is not well understood. In three locations in Rajshahi and Thakurgaon districts, Bangladesh, where previous on-farm CA research and demonstrations had been focused, we assessed the adoption and impacts of CA technologies on 135 farms compared to 270 non-adopters. While the CA technology adoption is still ongoing in the study areas, those farmers who practiced CA technology decreased human labour by up to 34%, seed use by 31%, fertilisers by 6%, pesticides by 32%, and total cost of production up to 10% while cultivating lentil, mustard, maize and wheat. The respective increases in crop yield and net profit were up to 28% and 43%, respectively. Propensity score matching (PSM) methods further confirmed that CA technology adoption had significant impacts by increasing crop yield, reducing variable costs, and increasing adopters’ net income. Given the striking on-farm benefits of CA for smallholders in the EGP, programmes to expand the availability of minimum tillage planters, provide training to local service providers on CA methods, and the use of smart incentives should be evaluated to assist farmers to adopt CA seeding machinery and associated agronomic practices.
Evaluating Substitution as a Strategy for Handling U.S. Postal Service Drop Points in Self-Administered Address-Based Sampling Frame Surveys
Authors: Lewis Taylor , McMichael Joseph , Looby Charlotte
Published: January 2023

Most addresses on modern address-based sampling frames derived from the U.S. Postal Service’s Computerized Delivery Sequence file have a one-to-one relationship with a household. Some addresses, however, are associated with multiple households. These addresses are referred to as drop points, and the households therein are referred to as drop point units (DPUs). DPUs pose a challenge for self-administered surveys because no apartment number or unit designation is available, making it impossible to send targeted correspondence. The authors evaluate a method for substituting sampled DPUs with similar non-DPUs, which was implemented in the 2021 Healthy Chicago Survey alongside a concurrent survey of the originally sampled DPUs. Comparing aggregate distributions of DPUs and the non-DPU substitutes, the authors observe certain differences with respect to age, employment status, marital status, and housing tenure but no substantive differences in key health outcomes measured by the survey.
Calls from Beyond the Walls: prison cellphone recordings during the pandemic in Lebanon
Authors: Najem Chafic Tony
Published: January 2023

Forcibly confined in a precarious and overcrowded space amidst the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, prisoners in Lebanon resorted to their smuggled cellphones. They produced and circulated images, videos, and sound bites documenting the dire experiences of living under a failing infrastructure. This article addresses this phenomenon by examining a corpus of ‘prison cellphone recordings’ mediated on social media platforms and Lebanese local news. I adopt the media as practice theory to claim that such fragmentary amateur cellphone media messages are the product of strategic and hybrid prison media practices. In addition, I employ the conceptual notions of hybrid media activism and media witnessing to investigate the political and testimonial function of prisoners’ illicit engagement with digital technologies. I propose a typology of the mediated prison cellphone recordings and argue that these representations serve to mobilize support and relay visual evidence of prisoners lived experiences during the pandemic. Finally, I attempt with this article to instigate an approach to the examination of media from the prison; an approach that prioritizes illicit media practices behind bars and their ‘traces’ in the media.
Reconsidering the ethics of cosmopolitan memory: In the name of difference and memories to-come
Authors: Filipovic Zlatan
Published: January 2023

Departing from what Levey and Sznaider (2002) in their seminal work ‘Memory Unbound’ refer to as ‘cosmopolitan memory’ that emerges as one of the fundamental forms ‘collective memories take in the age of globalization’, this article will consider the underlying ethical implications of global memory formation that have yet to be adequately theorized. Since global disseminations of local memory cultures and the implicit canonization of its traumas are intimately related to the concept of archive, I will first focus on what Derrida (1996) in Archive Fever calls ‘archival violence’ and will show its inherent relation to the formation of cosmopolitan memory. Another related concept that I will use and that will problematize the transformation of living, embodied memory into archival, cultural memory upon which the formation of cosmopolitan memory depends is the witness. Using Agamben’s writing (2002) in this context that in Remnants of Auschwitz focuses on the foundational (im)possibilities of bearing witness, I will show that this transformation that determines the very possibility of cosmopolitan memory is far from unproblematic and readily accessible as Levy and Sznaider seem to assume. What will emerge as the most distinctive concern of global memory formation is the ethical material of difference as that which both makes its imperatives historically and politically exigent and that which signifies the difficulties of its unified articulation. Solidarity with the suffering of the other that mobilizes the very formation of cosmopolitan memory is also what should solicit vigilance against the universalistic ritualizations of its prerogatives.
Superior and Anterior Glenoid Labral Tears Are Associated With Increased Neurofilament Concentration
Authors: Murphy Geoffrey T. , Beretov Julia , Marvi Salman , Lam Patrick H. , Murrell George A.C.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Pain is a common presentation after glenohumeral labral injuries. However, the source of that pain is undetermined.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

We aimed to determine if there is a differential expression of nerve fibers around the glenoid labrum and if torn labra have increased neuronal expression compared with untorn labra (rotator cuff repair labra). We hypothesized that the superior labrum would have a higher concentration of neurofilament than would the rest of the labrum and that the concentration of neurofilament would increase at the site of a labral tear.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Seven labra were sampled at the 3-, 5-, 9-, and 12-o’clock positions during total shoulder arthroplasty. Samples were also collected at the 3-, 5-, and 12-o’clock positions during rotator cuff repair (16 labra), anterior labral repair (6 labra), type II superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) repair (4 labra), and capsular release for idiopathic capsulitis (5 labra). Sections were immunostained with antibodies to neurofilament, a specific neuronal marker that is used to identify central and peripheral nerve fibers, and the concentration and intensity of immunostained-positive cells assessed.

Results:

The concentration of neurofilament staining was similar in the superior, anterior, posterior, and inferior glenoid labrum in untorn labra (8 neurofilament expressing cells per square millimeter; P = .3). Torn labra exhibited a 3- to 4-fold increase in neuronal expression, which was isolated to the location of the tear in SLAP ( P = .09) and anterior labral tears ( P = .02). The concentration of neurofilament expressing cells in torn glenoid labrum samples was comparable that in with the glenoid labrum of adhesive capsulitis samples ( P = .7).

Conclusion:

This study supports the hypothesis that after a tear of the anterior or superior labrum the labrum in that region becomes populated with new nerves fibers and that these fibers may be responsible for the pain noted by patients with superior (SLAP) and/or anterior labral (Bankart) tears.

Clinical Relevance:

This study suggests that neural infiltration contributes to the pain experienced by patients with labral tears. It may help with patient education and direct future management of labral lesions.
Improving Social Interactions for Young Children on the Autism Spectrum Through Parent-Mediated LEGO Play Activities
Authors: Lee Gabrielle T. , Jiang Yitong , Hu Xiaoyi
Published: January 2023

Given the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on children’s schooling and learning, evidence for interventions implemented by parents is urgently needed. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a parent-mediated LEGO intervention on the social interactions of four children on the autism spectrum in China. The intervention involved four sets of two parents engaging with their child in collaborative LEGO construction, with each person assigned a role as Engineer, Supplier, or Builder. Using a multiple probe design across the four family triads, the intervention effectively increased spontaneous social initiations and responses in all four children, and these behaviors were maintained for 6 weeks following the intervention. The effect on inappropriate interactions was not detected; parental prompts increased in initial intervention sessions but decreased over time. Parents implemented the intervention at home with high fidelity. Efficacy of the intervention and potential benefits of virtual parent training are discussed.
The Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Domestic Violence in Germany: A Comparison of Three Representative Population Surveys
Authors: Kliem Sören , von Thadden Alexandra , Lohmann Anna , Kröger Christoph , Baier Dirk
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound societal and economic effects. Concerns were raised that domestic violence might increase because of the enacted infection control measures. Previous findings on this issue have been contradictory. Since existing studies mainly rely on official reports, administrative data, helpline calls, or retrospective measures, their findings are likely to prove unreliable. Few population-based surveys include pre-pandemic data, limiting their ability to test for causality regarding increasing violence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare findings from population-representative surveys on the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and violence against children (VAC) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the data of N = 3,639 individuals living with a romantic partner and N = 1,313 parents living with at least one of their children from three German representative population surveys, we estimated average marginal effects for the temporal trends (i.e., pre vs. post infection control measures) of domestic violence separately for males and females. To minimize bias across survey waves, inverse probability weighting was used. Results show no statistically significant increase in either physical or psychological forms of IPV or VAC as a result of the implementation of COVID measures. On the contrary, the 1-year prevalence was decreasing for certain forms of violence. Our findings suggest that the assessment of the consequences of infection control measures needs an empirical basis. Further research should be conducted using high-quality data sources. Therefore, the present study should be considered a stepping stone for ongoing research efforts to examine the consequences of pandemic-related infection control measures on the general population.
Coordinated control of stability and economy of distributed drive electric vehicle based on Lyapunov adaptive theory
Authors: Shen Yawei , Zhao Youqun , Deng Huifan , Lin Fen , Shen Huan
Published: January 2023

In order to solve the problem of poor coordinated control between handling stability and economy of distributed drive electric vehicles, a model reference adaptive yaw moment controller based on Lyapunov stability theory and a quadratic programing wheel torque distribution controller considering energy loss of motors are proposed. A hierarchical control strategy is adopted. The upper controller is a model reference adaptive yaw moment controller based on Lyapunov stability theory. The adaptive control law is obtained by solving the Lyapunov function, and the stability of the model reference adaptive control system is proved. The upper controller provides additional yaw moment in real time according to the vehicle state, which can ensure the handling stability of the vehicle. The lower controller adopts the quadratic programing wheel torque distribution controller considering the energy loss of the motor to realize the real-time torque distribution to the wheel. Moreover, the weight distribution of stability and economy is dynamically coordinated based on the phase portrait. The double lane changing condition and fishhook steering condition are selected, and the simulation test of the proposed control method is carried out on the CarSim/Simulink joint simulation platform. The simulation results under the above two road conditions show that the vehicle has good handling stability when using Lyapunov adaptive control method. In addition, the coordinated decision control strategy can effectively reduce the load and energy loss of hub motor.
Association between recent methamphetamine use, antiretroviral therapy and HIV viral load; a mediation analysis from a cohort of HIV positive persons who inject drugs in Hai Phong, Vietnam
Authors: Feelemyer Jonathan , Des Jarlais Don , Nagot Nicolas , Duong Thi Huong , Thi Hai Oanh Khuat , Pham Minh Khuê , Hoang Thi Giang , Nham Thi Tuyet Thanh , Cleland Charles M , Arasteh Kamyar , Caniglia Ellen , Chen Yu , Bart Gavin , Moles Jean Pierre , Vu Hai Vinh , Vallo Roselyne , Quillet Catherine , Rapoud Delphine , Sao Mai Le , Michel Laurent , Laureillard Didier , Khan Maria R
Published: January 2023

Background

There has been a significant increase in methamphetamine use among persons who use drugs in Vietnam in the last 5–10 years. We examined the degree to which adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) mediates the relationship between recent methamphetamine use and unsuppressed HIV viral load among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Hai Phong, Vietnam.

Methods

We recruited PWID from October 2016-October 2018 and enrolled HIV positive PWID into a cohort, with up to three years of total follow-up. We assessed relationships among recent methamphetamine use frequency, ART adherence and unsuppressed HIV viral load. Mediation analysis was used to estimate the total and natural direct effects of recent methamphetamine use on unsuppressed HIV viral load and the indirect effect proportion.

Results

We enrolled 792 HIV seropositive PWID into the cohort; approximately 75.9% reported high/perfect ART adherence at baseline and 81.3% were virally suppressed. In mediation analysis, the total effect for the association between methamphetamine use and unsuppressed HIV viral load (1000 copies/mL) was 3.94 (95% CI: 1.95, 7.96); the natural direct effect was 2.14 (95% CI: 1.29, 3.55); the proportion mediated by self-reported ART adherence was 0.444. Similar results were found when examining lower unsuppressed HIV viral load cutpoints of 250 copies/mL and 500 copies/mL.

Conclusions

Methamphetamine use is associated with unsuppressed HIV viral load among PWID despite high levels of ART adherence. Further research is needed to better understand these relationships, with emphasis on potential biological pathways that may interact with ART.
Breaking the Republican mold: French independent schools and agonistic pluralism amidst Franco-conformity
Authors: Ferrara Carol
Published: January 2023

The modern French school system was established in the late nineteenth century upon an acculturating, assimilationist, and secular ideology of making “French people French” and emphasizing unity over cultural diversity. Thus, most scholarship on the French education system aptly highlights the system's French Republican “mold” characteristics—hyper-centralization, Franco-conformity, and “Republican sanctuary”—even if adherence to the mold is not always achieved. However, French hors contrat or independent schools are afforded significant freedoms in terms of curriculum, pedagogy, admittance criteria, and the incorporation of religion. These independent schools represent a veritable rainbow of ethical and educational perspectives that break from the French Republican schooling mold. Drawing upon seven months of ethnographic research in a variety of French independent schools, I suggest that these schools’ existence illustrate flexibility and plasticity within the otherwise monolithic French education system, collectively pointing to a surprising form of agonistic pluralism on the margins of French Republicanism.
A novel trajectory tracking control approach for uncertain 6-DOF manipulators based on fuzzy sliding mode of radial basis function neural network
Authors: Liu Youyu , Chen Bo , Ma Liteng , Yang Siyang , Li Renjun , Guo Yongcun
Published: January 2023

Due to the influence of uncertain external disturbance and model error, the trajectory tracking of manipulators has some problems such as inaccuracy, low speed and severe chattering. To solve the problems mentioned, a sliding mode control method combined fuzzy controller and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) was proposed. The RBFNN was used to approximate the equivalent system model of manipulators, and the weights of their hidden layers were updated adaptively online. The robust item with the form of sliding mode had been set to compensate the uncertain external disturbances or the approximation errors of the RBFNN. A fuzzy controller was used to adjust the switching gain online adaptively and to solve the chattering of the sliding mode control. The stability and finite time convergence of the closed-loop system had been analyzed by using Lyapunov method. Finally, simulation experiments about trajectory tracking were implemented by MATLAB/SIMULINK, which shows that the proposed method can improve the position-tracking accuracy by more than 40%, the speed-tracking accuracy by more than 70%, and the cumulative-error accuracy by more than 40% compared with the comparison method. Moreover, there is no chattering. The proposed method has been proved to be efficient.
Raw Water and ALS: A Unifying Hypothesis for the Environmental Agents Involved in ALS
Authors: Stipa Giuseppe , Ancidoni Antonio , Vanacore Nicola , Bellomo Guido
Published: January 2023

Different studies identified the presence of several altered genes in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) forms. The experimental data, together with the epidemiological data, would seem to suggest the existence of molecular mechanisms (e.g., axonal transport) related to these genes, together with a susceptibility of the same genes to certain environmental factors that would therefore suggest an impact of the environment on the etiopathogenesis of ALS. In our review, we considered the most relevant environmental clusters around the world, collecting different hypotheses and underlining common environmental factors among the different clusters. Moreover, further epidemiological data identified a higher risk of ALS in professional athletes and, in particular, in soccer and football players. Despite this increased risk of ALS highlighted by the epidemiological evidence in aforementioned sports, the mechanisms remain unclear. At last, the use of raw water has been associated with ALS risk. The aim of the present review is to characterize a possible relationship between these clusters, to be explored in the context of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors on the etiopathogenesis of ALS.
Multimode vibration control of stay cables using pseudo negative stiffness MR damping system
Authors: Xu Yan-Wei , Xu Zhao-Dong , Zhao Rui-Li , Wang Zhi-Hao , Li Yang , Zhu Chen
Published: January 2023

At present the vibration control of stay cable suffers from low damping effectiveness in single mode vibration caused by the limitation of damper installation position as well as the poor modal compatibility, that is, a rapid degradation performance when the actual mode deviates from the designed optimal mode. In this paper, one practical semi-active magnetorheological (MR) damper based control solution is proposed to address the problems faced in multi-modal vibration control of stay cables. The semi-active pseudo negative stiffness (PNS) control strategy takes full account of the MR damper’s mechanical characteristics and the demands of the stay cable vibration control. Compared with the linear equivalent model, the proposed time-varying model exhibits more details of the damping force and the nonlinear response of the damped stay cable, which shows its essential role in the optimal design of MR-PNS scheme. Then the optimal design method of MR-PNS multi-modal vibration control for stay cable is summarized by taking the first three modes vibration control of the J20 cable in Nanjing Baguazhou Yangtze River Bridge as simulation examples. The simulations of cross-modal, multi-modal and wind-induced vibration cases are conducted respectively, while the results show that the optimal designed multi-modal MR-PNS scheme can simultaneously exceed the passive maximum modal damping ratio within first three modes. The advantages of the proposed MR-PNS method in high damping efficiency and modal compatibility could be verified by comparing with the passive multi-modal damping solution.
What About Me? The Importance of Teacher Social and Emotional Learning and Well-Being in the Classroom
Authors: Lee Erica O. , Lacey Heather M. , Van Valkenburg Sarah , McGinnis Ellen , Huber Brenda J. , Benner Gregory J. , Strycker Lisa A.
Published: January 2023

Today’s teachers experience high levels of stress and fatigue that can negatively affect their well-being. Teacher burnout is not a new educational phenomenon, but it has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we discuss the prevalence of teacher stress and its impact on teacher well-being and student achievement. We call for more attention to the social and emotional learning of special education teachers of students with emotional and behavioral disorders. After addressing myths and misconceptions regarding current expectations for educators, we propose a new framework for establishing individual and systemic interventions to support teacher well-being.
Confirming the nature of autistic burnout
Authors: Arnold Samuel RC , Higgins Julianne M , Weise Janelle , Desai Aishani , Pellicano Elizabeth , Trollor Julian N
Published: January 2023

Autistic burnout is an experience commonly described by autistic people (#AutBurnout and #AutisticBurnout on social media). Recently, two definitions of this syndrome have been published. Both describe debilitating exhaustion with onset related to various stressors including masking, though several differences exist, such as the characteristic of interpersonal withdrawal. We sought to explore the content validity of these definitions including duration and frequency criteria, using descriptive statistics, content analysis and reflexive thematic analysis. A co-produced survey of 141 autistic adults with experience of autistic burnout showed strong endorsement of the definition by Higgins et al., where exhaustion and interpersonal withdrawal occur alongside reduced functioning, executive functioning difficulties, and increased manifestation of autistic traits. Duration and frequency criteria were unresolved, with qualitative data highlighting varying (both acute and chronic) experiences. Autistic burnout is frequently misdiagnosed as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder or other conditions. Work is needed to increase community and clinician awareness, as well as initiatives to improve unaccommodating neurotypical environments. More research and validation are needed in larger samples not restricted to autistic adults who have experienced autistic burnout to determine prevalence and risk factors as well as duration and frequency.

Lay abstract

Autistic burnout is something autistic people have been talking about for a while (see #AutBurnout and #AutisticBurnout on social media). Recently, researchers published two different definitions of autistic burnout. We wanted to test these definitions. We wanted to confirm the duration and frequency of autistic burnout. That is, how long and how often do people get autistic burnout? We surveyed 141 autistic adults who had autistic burnout. We used descriptive statistics, content analysis and reflexive thematic analysis to analyse the survey responses. Autistic adults strongly agreed with the definition published by Higgins et al. How long and how often people get autistic burnout was not clear. Participants told us they have both short and long episodes. Participants told us that autistic burnout leads to exhaustion. They needed to withdraw from being with other people. They needed to stay away from autism unfriendly places. Many had been misdiagnosed as having depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder or other conditions. We need increased awareness of autistic burnout. Autistic people need more help. More research is needed, we need to have bigger studies to understand autistic burnout.
The suitability of teaching profession for pedagogical students: The Vietnamese view
Authors: Nguyen Nam Danh
Published: January 2023

The quality of teacher education plays an important role in improving the quality of general education. The model of teacher education is also different in countries around the world, and for each model, training teachers suitable for teaching profession is always a matter of concern in the training programs of universities. The paper analyzes the current situation of career suitability of pedagogical students and the meaning of teaching profession suitability assessment in the training process of pedagogical universities in Vietnam. We have built a questionnaire to determine teacher suitability based on the toolkit of the University of Potsdam. Each student was guided to answer two forms of questionnaires: self-assessment of their career suitability and external or cross-evaluation. Then, we used the mean comparison, which is the t-test for two independent samples. The paper presents the results of a pilot assessment of the suitability of the teaching profession for nearly 1000 teacher students of a number of pedagogical universities in the country. Initial research results show that the job suitability of many teacher students is very low, and the students’ ability to adapt to their careers after graduation is still limited. Therefore, the career suitability scale can help students self-assess and evaluate each other, thereby building a plan for self-adjustment and self-improvement of personal competencies and qualities throughout the training process at the university toward a higher level of suitability for the teaching profession. This study also points out some measures to help teacher students practice pedagogical skills, nurture their love, and career ideals.
Optimized Home Rehabilitation Technology Reduces Upper Extremity Impairment Compared to a Conventional Home Exercise Program: A Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blind Trial in Subacute Stroke
Authors: Swanson Veronica A. , Johnson Christopher , Zondervan Daniel K. , Bayus Nicole , McCoy Phylicia , Ng Yat Fung Joshua , Schindele, BS Jenna , Reinkensmeyer David J. , Shaw Susan
Published: January 2023

Background

Upper extremity (UE) stroke rehabilitation requires patients to perform exercises at home, yet patients show limited benefit from paper-based home exercise programs.

Objective

To compare the effectiveness of 2 home exercise programs for reducing UE impairment: a paper-based approach and a sensorized exercise system that incorporates recommended design features for home rehabilitation technology.

Methods

In this single-blind, randomized controlled trial, 27 participants in the subacute phase of stroke were assigned to the sensorized exercise (n = 14) or conventional therapy group (n = 13), though 2 participants in the conventional therapy group were lost to follow-up. Participants were instructed to perform self-guided movement training at home for at least 3 hours/week for 3 consecutive weeks. The sensorized exercise group used FitMi, a computer game with 2 puck-like sensors that encourages movement intensity and auto-progresses users through 40 exercises. The conventional group used a paper book of exercises. The primary outcome measure was the change in Upper Extremity Fugl–Meyer (UEFM) score from baseline to follow-up. Secondary measures included the Modified Ashworth Scale for spasticity (MAS) and the Visual Analog Pain (VAP) scale.

Results

Participants who used FitMi improved by an average of 8.0 ± 4.6 points on the UEFM scale compared to 3.0 ± 6.1 points for the conventional participants, a significant difference ( t-test, P = .029). FitMi participants exhibited no significant changes in UE MAS or VAP scores.

Conclusions

A sensor-based exercise system incorporating a suite of recommended design features significantly and safely reduced UE impairment compared to a paper-based, home exercise program.

Trial Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03503617
Influences of Aerobic Exercise on Motor Sequence Learning and Corticomotor Excitability in People With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chan Suet-Ting , Tai Chun-Hwei , Wang Li-Ying , Luh Jer-Junn , Lee Ya-Yun
Published: January 2023

Background

People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are known to have motor learning difficulties. Although numerous studies have demonstrated that a single bout of aerobic exercise (AEX) can facilitate motor learning in non-disabled adults, the same beneficial effect in PD is unknown. Furthermore, associated neuroplastic changes have not been investigated.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine whether a single bout of aerobic exercise (AEX) can facilitate motor sequence learning in people with PD and to investigate the associated neurophysiological changes.

Methods

Thirty individuals with PD were recruited and randomized into the exercise group (PD + AEX) and non-exercise group (PD − AEX). At the first visit, corticomotor excitability was assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). All participants then performed a serial reaction time task (SRTT) followed by 20 minutes of moderately-high intensity aerobic exercise (AEX) for the PD + AEX group or rest for the PD − AEX group. The SRTT and TMS were reevaluated at 3 time points: immediately after aerobic exercise (AEX) or rest, on the second day after practice (D2), and a week after practice (D7).

Results

Both groups showed improvement throughout practice. At retention, the PD + AEX group showed improved SRTT performance on D7 compared to D2 ( P = .001), while the PD − AEX group showed no change in performance. TMS results showed that the PD + AEX group had significantly higher corticomotor excitability than the PD − AEX group on D7.

Conclusion

A single session of aerobic exercise (AEX) could enhance motor sequence learning and induce neuroplastic changes. Clinicians can consider providing aerobic exercise (AEX) after motor task training for people with PD.

Clinical registration:

NCT04189887 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Trapeziometarpal joint arthritis in the young patient
Authors: Tham Stephen K. Y. , McCombe David B.
Published: January 2023

Initial management of symptomatic trapeziometacarpal joint arthritis is generally non-operative. Though the aetiology of trapeziometacarpal arthritis remains controversial, unrecognized joint incongruity in early-stage arthritis (Eaton stage 1 or 2) is likely to lead to progression of joint degeneration. In established arthritis, salvage procedures can successfully alleviate symptoms and return of function; however the long-term outcome of these procedures has not been determined, and this is of particular concern in the younger patient. Recognition of the joint incongruity in these patients with early-stage disease can lead to measures which may prevent or delay the progression of joint degeneration.

Level of evidence: V
The stiff proximal interphalangeal joint – an unsolved problem?
Authors: Richter Martin
Published: January 2023

The proximal interphalangeal joint is critical for good hand function. Its anatomical complexities often predispose it to stiffness, involving damage to one or more structures. Improving or resolving the stiffness and increasing the range of motion require an accurate assessment and understanding of the pathogenesis. The surgical strategy can then be tailored accordingly. In some cases, restoration to pre-injury level may not be possible and this condition still represents an unsolved problem in hand surgery.

Level of evidence: V
A pseudo-outbreak of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis: a microbiological investigation of both the patients and the environment
Authors: Hasegawa Kohei , Doi Asako , Kuroda Hirokazu , Hasuike Toshikazu , Ogura Akiko , Nasu Seiko , Nishioka Hiroaki , Tomii Keisuke
Published: January 2023

Background

We experienced a pseudo-outbreak of aspergillosis in a newly constructed COVID-19 ward. Within the first 3 months from the commencement of the ward, six intubated patients of COVID-19 developed probable or possible pulmonary aspergillosis. We suspected an outbreak of pulmonary aspergillosis associated with ward construction and launched air sampling for the investigation of the relationship between these.

Methods

The samples were collected at 13 locations in the prefabricated ward and three in the general wards, not under construction, as a control.

Results

The results from samples revealed different species of Aspergillus from those detected by the patients. Aspergillus sp. was detected not only from the air samples in the prefabricated ward but also in the general ward.

Discussion

In this investigation, we could not find evidence of the outbreak that links the construction of the prefabricated ward with the occurrence of pulmonary aspergillosis. It might suggest that this series of aspergillosis was more likely occurred from fungi that inherently colonized patients, and was associated with patient factors such as severe COVID-19 rather than environmental factors. Once an outbreak originating from building construction is suspected, it is important to conduct an environmental investigation including an air sampling.