bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural substrates of reward anticipation and outcome in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of fMRI findings in the monetary incentive delay task
Authors: Zeng Jianguang , Yan Jiangnan , Cao Hengyi , Su Yueyue , Song Yuan , Luo Ya , Yang Xun
Published: October 2022

Dysfunction of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic reward system is a core feature of schizophrenia (SZ), yet its precise contributions to different stages of reward processing and their relevance to disease symptomology are not fully understood. We performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis, using the monetary incentive delay task, to identify which brain regions are implicated in different reward phases in functional magnetic resonance imaging in SZ. A total of 17 studies (368 SZ and 428 controls) were included in the reward anticipation, and 10 studies (229 SZ and 281 controls) were included in the reward outcome. Our meta-analysis revealed that during anticipation, patients showed hypoactivation in the striatum, anterior cingulate cortex, median cingulate cortex (MCC), amygdala, precentral gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus compared with controls. Striatum hypoactivation was negatively associated with negative symptoms and positively associated with the proportion of second-generation antipsychotic users (percentage of SGA users). During outcome, patients displayed hyperactivation in the striatum, insula, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, cerebellum, postcentral gyrus, and MCC, and hypoactivation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Hypoactivity of mPFC during outcome was negatively associated with positive symptoms. Moderator analysis showed that the percentage of SGA users was a significant moderator of the association between symptom severity and brain activity in both the anticipation and outcome stages. Our findings identified the neural substrates for different reward phases in SZ and may help explain the neuropathological mechanisms underlying reward processing deficits in the disorder.
Contrasting life-history responses to climate variability in eastern and western North Pacific sardine populations
Authors: Sakamoto Tatsuya , Takahashi Motomitsu , Chung Ming-Tsung , Rykaczewski Ryan R. , Komatsu Kosei , Shirai Kotaro , Ishimura Toyoho , Higuchi Tomihiko
Published: October 2022

Massive populations of sardines inhabit both the western and eastern boundaries of the world’s subtropical ocean basins, supporting both commercial fisheries and populations of marine predators. Sardine populations in western and eastern boundary current systems have responded oppositely to decadal scale anomalies in ocean temperature, but the mechanism for differing variability has remained unclear. Here, based on otolith microstructure and high-resolution stable isotope analyses, we show that habitat temperature, early life growth rates, energy expenditure, metabolically optimal temperature, and, most importantly, the relationship between growth rate and temperature are remarkably different between the two subpopulations in the western and eastern North Pacific. Varying metabolic responses to environmental changes partly explain the contrasting growth responses. Consistent differences in the life-history traits are observed between subpopulations in the western and eastern boundary current systems around South Africa. These growth and survival characteristics can facilitate the contrasting responses of sardine populations to climate change.
Cascade cyclization of alkene-tethered acylsilanes and allylic sulfones enabled by unproductive energy transfer photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Yunxiao , Zhang Yizhi , Ye Chen , Qi Xiaotian , Wu Li-Zhu , Shen Xiao
Published: October 2022

Developing photo-induced cascade cyclization of alkene-tethered acylsilanes is challenging, because acylsilanes are unstable under light irradiation. Herein, we report that the energy transfer from excited acylsilanes to a photocatalyst that possesses lower triplet energy can inhibit the undesired decomposition of acylsilanes. With neutral Eosin Y as the photocatalyst, an efficient synthesis of cyclopentanol derivatives is achieved with alkene-tethered acylsilanes and allylic sulfones. The reaction shows broad substrate scope and the synthetic potential of this transformation is highlighted by the construction of cyclopentanol derivatives which contain fused-ring or bridged-ring.
Ex vivo engineered human plasma cells exhibit robust protein secretion and long-term engraftment in vivo
Authors: Cheng Rene Yu-Hong , Hung King L. , Zhang Tingting , Stoffers Claire M. , Ott Andee R. , Suchland Emmaline R. , Camp Nathan D. , Khan Iram F. , Singh Swati , Yang Ying-Jen , Rawlings David J. , James Richard G.
Published: October 2022

Due to their unique longevity and capacity to secrete high levels of protein, plasma B cells have the potential to be used as a cell therapy for protein replacement. Here, we show that ex vivo engineered human plasma cells exhibit single-cell RNA profiles, scanning electron micrograph ultrastructural features, and in vivo homing capacity of long-lived plasma cells. After transferring human plasma cells to immunodeficient mice in the presence of the human cytokines BAFF and IL-6, we observe increases in retention of plasma cells in the bone marrow, with engraftment exceeding a year. The most profound in vivo effects of human IL-6 are observed within 20 days of transfer and could be explained by decreased apoptosis in newly differentiated plasma cells. Collectively, these results show that ex vivo engineered and differentiated human plasma cells have the potential for long-lived in vivo protein secretion, which can be modeled in small animals.
ATF4-dependent fructolysis fuels growth of glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Chen Chao , Zhang Zhenxing , Liu Caiyun , Wang Bin , Liu Ping , Fang Shu , Yang Fan , You Yongping , Li Xinjian
Published: October 2022

Excessive consumption of fructose in the Western diet contributes to cancer development. However, it is still unclear how cancer cells coordinate glucose and fructose metabolism during tumor malignant progression. We demonstrate here that glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells switch their energy supply from glycolysis to fructolysis in response to glucose deprivation. Mechanistically, glucose deprivation induces expression of two essential fructolytic proteins GLUT5 and ALDOB through selectively activating translation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Functionally, genetic or pharmacological disruption of ATF4-dependent fructolysis significantly inhibits growth and colony formation of GBM cells in vitro and GBM growth in vivo. In addition, ATF4, GLUT5, and ALDOB levels positively correlate with each other in GBM specimens and are poor prognostic indicators in GBM patients. This work highlights ATF4-dependent fructolysis as a metabolic feature and a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
HSF1 is a driver of leukemia stem cell self-renewal in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Dong Qianze , Xiu Yan , Wang Yang , Hodgson Christina , Borcherding Nick , Jordan Craig , Buchanan Jane , Taylor Eric , Wagner Brett , Leidinger Mariah , Holman Carol , Thiele Dennis J. , O’Brien Sean , Xue Hai-hui , Zhao Jinming , Li Qingchang , Meyerson Howard , Boyce Brendan F. , Zhao Chen
Published: October 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is maintained by self-renewing leukemic stem cells (LSCs). A fundamental problem in treating AML is that conventional therapy fails to eliminate LSCs, which can reinitiate leukemia. Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), a central regulator of the stress response, has emerged as an important target in cancer therapy. Using genetic Hsf1 deletion and a direct HSF1 small molecule inhibitor, we show that HSF1 is specifically required for the maintenance of AML, while sparing steady-state and stressed hematopoiesis. Mechanistically, deletion of Hsf1 dysregulates multifaceted genes involved in LSC stemness and suppresses mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation through downregulation of succinate dehydrogenase C (SDHC), a direct HSF1 target. Forced expression of SDHC largely restores the Hsf1 ablation-induced AML developmental defect. Importantly, the growth and engraftment of human AML cells are suppressed by HSF1 inhibition. Our data provide a rationale for developing efficacious small molecules to specifically target HSF1 in AML.
Spatial snapshots of amyloid precursor protein intramembrane processing via early endosome proteomics
Authors: Park Hankum , Hundley Frances V. , Yu Qing , Overmyer Katherine A. , Brademan Dain R. , Serrano Lia , Paulo Joao A. , Paoli Julia C. , Swarup Sharan , Coon Joshua J. , Gygi Steven P. , Wade Harper J.
Published: October 2022

Degradation and recycling of plasma membrane proteins occurs via the endolysosomal system, wherein endosomes bud into the cytosol from the plasma membrane and subsequently mature into degradative lysosomal compartments. While methods have been developed for rapid selective capture of lysosomes (Lyso-IP), analogous methods for isolation of early endosome intermediates are lacking. Here, we develop an approach for rapid isolation of early/sorting endosomes through affinity capture of the early endosome-associated protein EEA1 (Endo-IP) and provide proteomic and lipidomic snapshots of EEA1-positive endosomes in action. We identify recycling, regulatory and membrane fusion complexes, as well as candidate cargo, providing a proteomic landscape of early/sorting endosomes. To demonstrate the utility of the method, we combined Endo- and Lyso-IP with multiplexed targeted proteomics to provide a spatial digital snapshot of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing by β and γ-Secretases, which produce amyloidogenic Aβ species, and quantify small molecule modulation of Secretase action on endosomes. We anticipate that the Endo-IP approach will facilitate systematic interrogation of processes that are coordinated on EEA1-positive endosomes.
Condensed-phase isomerization through tunnelling gateways
Authors: Choudhury Arnab , DeVine Jessalyn A. , Sinha Shreya , Lau Jascha A. , Kandratsenka Alexander , Schwarzer Dirk , Saalfrank Peter , Wodtke Alec M.
Published: October 2022

Quantum mechanical tunnelling describes transmission of matter waves through a barrier with height larger than the energy of the wave1. Tunnelling becomes important when the de Broglie wavelength of the particle exceeds the barrier thickness; because wavelength increases with decreasing mass, lighter particles tunnel more efficiently than heavier ones. However, there exist examples in condensed-phase chemistry where increasing mass leads to increased tunnelling rates2. In contrast to the textbook approach, which considers transitions between continuum states, condensed-phase reactions involve transitions between bound states of reactants and products. Here this conceptual distinction is highlighted by experimental measurements of isotopologue-specific tunnelling rates for CO rotational isomerization at an NaCl surface3,4, showing nonmonotonic mass dependence. A quantum rate theory of isomerization is developed wherein transitions between sub-barrier reactant and product states occur through interaction with the environment. Tunnelling is fastest for specific pairs of states (gateways), the quantum mechanical details of which lead to enhanced cross-barrier coupling; the energies of these gateways arise nonsystematically, giving an erratic mass dependence. Gateways also accelerate ground-state isomerization, acting as leaky holes through the reaction barrier. This simple model provides a way to account for tunnelling in condensed-phase chemistry, and indicates that heavy-atom tunnelling may be more important than typically assumed.
A fluorescent multi-domain protein reveals the unfolding mechanism of Hsp70
Authors: Tiwari Satyam , Fauvet Bruno , Assenza Salvatore , De Los Rios Paolo , Goloubinoff Pierre
Published: October 2022

Detailed understanding of the mechanism by which Hsp70 chaperones protect cells against protein aggregation is hampered by the lack of a comprehensive characterization of the aggregates, which are typically heterogeneous. Here we designed a reporter chaperone substrate, MLucV, composed of a stress-labile luciferase flanked by stress-resistant fluorescent domains, which upon denaturation formed a discrete population of small aggregates. Combining Förster resonance energy transfer and enzymatic activity measurements provided unprecedented details on the aggregated, unfolded, Hsp70-bound and native MLucV conformations. The Hsp70 mechanism first involved ATP-fueled disaggregation and unfolding of the stable pre-aggregated substrate, which stretched MLucV beyond simply unfolded conformations, followed by native refolding. The ATP-fueled unfolding and refolding action of Hsp70 on MLucV aggregates could accumulate native MLucV species under elevated denaturing temperatures highly adverse to the native state. These results unambiguously exclude binding and preventing of aggregation from the non-equilibrium mechanism by which Hsp70 converts stable aggregates into metastable native proteins.
In-hospital risk stratification algorithm of Asian elderly patients
Authors: Kasim Sazzli , Malek Sorayya , Cheen Song , Safiruz Muhammad Shahreeza , Ahmad Wan Azman Wan , Ibrahim Khairul Shafiq , Aziz Firdaus , Negishi Kazuaki , Ibrahim Nurulain
Published: October 2022

Limited research has been conducted in Asian elderly patients (aged 65 years and above) for in-hospital mortality prediction after an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) using Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML). We used DL and ML to predict in-hospital mortality in Asian elderly STEMI patients and compared it to a conventional risk score for myocardial infraction outcomes. Malaysia's National Cardiovascular Disease Registry comprises an ethnically diverse Asian elderly population (3991 patients). 50 variables helped in establishing the in-hospital death prediction model. The TIMI score was used to predict mortality using DL and feature selection methods from ML algorithms. The main performance metric was the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The DL and ML model constructed using ML feature selection outperforms the conventional risk scoring score, TIMI (AUC 0.75). DL built from ML features (AUC ranging from 0.93 to 0.95) outscored DL built from all features (AUC 0.93). The TIMI score underestimates mortality in the elderly. TIMI predicts 18.4% higher mortality than the DL algorithm (44.7%). All ML feature selection algorithms identify age, fasting blood glucose, heart rate, Killip class, oral hypoglycemic agent, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol as common predictors of mortality in the elderly. In a multi-ethnic population, DL outperformed the TIMI risk score in classifying elderly STEMI patients. ML improves death prediction by identifying separate characteristics in older Asian populations. Continuous testing and validation will improve future risk classification, management, and results.
Structure–function correlates of vision loss in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Gigengack Norman K. , Oertel Frederike C. , Motamedi Seyedamirhosein , Bereuter Charlotte , Duchow Ankelien , Rust Rebekka , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Ruprecht Klemens , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja , Paul Friedemann , Brandt Alexander U. , Zimmermann Hanna G.
Published: October 2022

Optic neuritis (ON) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) regularly leads to more profound vision loss compared to multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-antibody associated disease (MOGAD). Here we investigate ON-related vision loss in NMOSD compared to MS and MOGAD in order to identify neuroaxonal and retinal contributors to visual dysfunction. In this retrospective study we included patients with aquaporin-4-antibody seropositive NMOSD (n = 28), MOGAD (n = 14), MS (n = 29) and controls (n = 14). We assessed optic nerve damage and fovea morphometry by optical coherence tomography. Visual function was assessed as high (HCVA) and low contrast visual acuity (LCVA), and visual fields' mean deviation (MD). In all diseases, lower visual function was associated with peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIP) thinning following a broken stick model, with pRNFL and GCIP cutoff point at ca. 60 µm. HCVA loss per µm pRNFL and GCIP thinning was stronger in NMOSD compared with MOGAD. Foveal inner rim volume contributed to MD and LCVA in NMOSD eyes, only. Together these data supports that visual dysfunction in NMOSD is associated with neuroaxonal damage beyond the effect seen in MS and MOGAD. A primary retinopathy, respectively Müller cell pathology, may contribute to this effect.
Investigation of fragment separation during a circular saw blade cutting rock based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA
Authors: Wang Zhiwen , Zeng Qingliang , Wan Lirong , Lu Zhenguo , Zhou Jun
Published: October 2022

Circular saw blades are widely used in stone processing. The circular saw blade cutting hard rock numerical simulation model based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA was established to investigate the complex dynamic problem in rock cutting. The failure mechanism of the rock and the influence of cutting parameters on the cutting force and rock fragments were studied by numerical simulation. The results demonstrated that the failure modes of the rock were mainly tensile failure with some shear failure and compressive failure. The cutting force and the number of fragments increased with the feed speed. With the increasing circular saw blade rotational speed, the cutting force and the number of fragments decreased and tended to stabilize. With the distance between the circular saw blades increasing, the cutting force and rock fragments number increase and then maintain basic stability, and when the distance between double circular saw blades reaches 25 mm, it will form a completed rock plate and the interaction of circular saw blades will decrease. The numerical simulation can accurately simulate rock breakage and force when a circular saw blade cuts rock.
Improved empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and its application in non-stationary vibration signal of transformer
Authors: Ni Ruizheng , Qiu Ruichang , Jin Zheming , Chen Jie , Liu Zhigang
Published: October 2022

The resonant frequency of the transformer contains information related to its structure. It is easier to identify the resonance frequency in the vibration signal during the hammer test and power on than in the operation of the transformer, because the vibration caused by the load current does not need to be considered during the hammer test and power on. Therefore, an analysis method with simple calculation, fast calculation speed and easy real-time monitoring is needed to deal with these two non-stationary vibrations. Vibration monitoring can understand the health status of transformer in real time, improve the reliability of power supply and give early warning in the early stage of faults. A new frequency domain segmentation method is proposed in this paper. This method can effectively process the vibration signal of transformer and identify its resonant frequency. Eleven different load states are set on the transformer. The method proposed in this paper can extract the resonant frequency of the transformer from the hammering test signal. Compared with the original empirical wavelet transform method, this method can divide the frequency domain more effectively, has higher time–frequency resolution, and the running time of the modified method is shortened from 80 to 2 s. The universality of this method is proved by experiments on three different types of transformers.
Mapping tropical forest functional variation at satellite remote sensing resolutions depends on key traits
Authors: Ordway Elsa M. , Asner Gregory P. , Burslem David F. R. P. , Lewis Simon L. , Nilus Reuben , Martin Roberta E. , O’Brien Michael J. , Phillips Oliver L. , Qie Lan , Vaughn Nicholas R. , Moorcroft Paul R.
Published: October 2022

Although tropical forests differ substantially in form and function, they are often represented as a single biome in global change models, hindering understanding of how different tropical forests will respond to environmental change. The response of the tropical forest biome to environmental change is strongly influenced by forest type. Forest types differ based on functional traits and forest structure, which are readily derived from high resolution airborne remotely sensed data. Whether the spatial resolution of emerging satellite-derived hyperspectral data is sufficient to identify different tropical forest types is unclear. Here, we resample airborne remotely sensed forest data at spatial resolutions relevant to satellite remote sensing (30 m) across two sites in Malaysian Borneo. Using principal component and cluster analysis, we derive and map seven forest types. We find ecologically relevant variations in forest type that correspond to substantial differences in carbon stock, growth, and mortality rate. We find leaf mass per area and canopy phosphorus are critical traits for distinguishing forest type. Our findings highlight the importance of these parameters for accurately mapping tropical forest types using space borne observations.
Fast, low-cost and highly specific colorimetric RT-LAMP assays for inference of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 lineages
Authors: Estrela Paulo Felipe Neves , dos Santos Carlos Abelardo , Resende Paola Cristina , Lima Patricia Mayer , da Silva Thauane dos Santos Correia , Saboia-Vahia Leonardo , Siqueira Marilda Mendonça , Silveira-Lacerda Elisângela de Paula , Duarte Gabriela Rodrigues Mendes
Published: October 2022

The RT-LAMP assays can quickly and cheaply infer and distinguish colorimetrically two lineages (BA.1 and BA.2) of the Omicron variant, enabling the rationalization of genetic sequencing.
Facilely synthesized carbon dots and configurated light-emitting diodes with efficient electroluminescence
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Zeng Liya , Sun Tong , Xue Xiaogang , Wei Bin
Published: October 2022

High-quality carbon dots are facilely synthesized and serve as emitters of light-emitting diodes with efficient electroluminescence.
Photoelectrochemical properties of single-grain hematite films grown by electric-field-assisted liquid phase deposition
Authors: Parveh Fatemeh , Yourdkhani Amin , Poursalehi Reza
Published: October 2022

This article reports a modification of the conventional liquid phase deposition (C-LPD) method for the single-grain deposition of α-Fe2O3 (hematite) films into an electric-field-assisted liquid phase deposition (EA-LPD).
All-fiber biological detection microfluidic chip based on space division and wavelength division multiplexing technologies
Authors: Wei Yong , Ren Zhuo , Liu Chunlan , Jiang Tianci , Wang Rui , Shi Chen , Liu Chunbiao
Published: October 2022

To further reduce the size of a microfluidic detection chip and the sample consumption and to shorten the chip manufacturing cycle, a flexible and compact all-fiber multichannel SPR detection microfluidic chip was proposed and demonstrated in this paper.
MoS2 nanosheets effectively bind to the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and destabilize the spike–human ACE2 receptor interactions
Authors: Bisht Deepali , Rath Soumya Lipsa , Roy Shounak , Jaiswal Amit
Published: October 2022

MoS2 nanosheet holds the potential to bind to the spike protein of SARS CoV-2 and inhibit stable spike–ACE2 interactions.
Two-stage electrolysis of H2O and CO2 to methanol: CO2-to-methane reduction at the cathode and subsequent methane-to-methanol oxidation at the anode
Authors: Hibino Takashi , Kobayashi Kazuyo , Nagao Masahiro , Dongwen Zhou , Siyuan Chen
Published: October 2022

Co-electrolysis of H2O and CO2 to valuable chemicals has the potential to contribute to global warming mitigation.
Motivation Theory and Practice in Aphasia Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Biel Michael , Enclade Hillary , Richardson Amber , Guerrero Anna , Patterson Janet
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

In the aphasia literature, motivation has been described as potentially influencing rehabilitation outcomes, and there are reports that researchers and clinicians have acted to promote it. However, studies directly investigating the range of beliefs and practices surrounding motivation do not exist currently. The purpose of this scoping review is to develop themes related to the beliefs and practices appearing in the recent aphasia literature.

Method:

Four databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar) were searched using keywordsaphasiaandmotivation(including derivatives such as motiv*) for articles published between 2009 and 2020. Searches returned 19,731 articles; after deleting duplicates and applying inclusionary criteria, 365 articles remained. In each article, text surrounding the termmotivationwas highlighted and thematic analysis was applied to these quotations.

Results:

Sixteen themes were developed through thematic analysis and placed into two groups. The first group contained five themes suggesting that researchers believed that motivation should be studied and recognized the value of motivation in person(s) with aphasia when participating in research or clinical activities. The second group contained 11 themes reporting diverse beliefs and practices in how motivation is incorporated in research and clinical activities.

Conclusions:

Results from this scoping review suggest that aphasia researchers, clinicians, and persons with aphasia hold beliefs about motivation that can influence clinical and research decisions. In general, beliefs and decisions related to motivation appeared to be guided by intuition rather than theories of motivation. These themes are discussed within the context of three psychological needs proposed by self-determination theory: competency, autonomy, and relatedness. Applying theories of motivation to future study in aphasia rehabilitation will guide work that can provide empirical support for these beliefs.
Sub-Riemannian geodesics on SL(2,ℝ)
Authors: D’Alessandro Domenico , Cho Gunhee
Published: October 2022

We explicitly describe the length minimizing geodesics for a sub-Riemannian structure of the elliptic type defined on SL(2, ℝ). Our method uses a symmetry reduction which translates the problem into a Riemannian problem on a two dimensional quotient space, on which projections of geodesics can be easily visualized. As a byproduct, we obtain an alternative derivation of the characterization of the cut-locus. We use classification results for three dimensional right invariant sub-Riemannian structures on Lie groups to identify exactly automorphic structures on which our results apply.
Epidemiological Review: Esophagus Squamous Cell Carcinoma in India
Authors: Rajput Nikita , Gholap Devyani , Mhatre Sharayu , Dikshit Rajesh
Published: October 2022

Worldwide the incidence of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), remains one of the most common causes of cancer death. ESCC is one of the leading types of cancer in the North and Northeast regions of India among both genders. Risk factors of ESCC include tobacco, alcohol, areca nut, hot beverages, low fruit diet, poor oral hygiene, unpiped water, and human papillomavirus infection. This review tries to elaborate on various modifiable risk factors for ESCC, which have been studied worldwide and need to be studied in India. PubMed was used as a search platform using keywords, such as “esophagus cancer,” “esophagus squamous cell carcinoma,” “epidemiology,” “India,” “incidence,” “mortality,” “risk factors,” “treatment,” “survival,” “prevention” and their corresponding Medical Subject Heading terms, were used in combination with Boolean operators “OR” and “AND.” Studies from India are mostly hospital-based case-control studies from the North region. Further research is required in India to understand the etiology, to design large-scale screening and prevention strategies.
Os efeitos do colágeno hidrolisado e do peptídeo de colágeno no tratamento de lesões condrais superficiais: Um estudo experimental
Authors: dos Santos Deivid Ramos , Xavier Debora Pinheiro , de Ataíde Letícia Amanda Pinheiro , Bentes Lívia Guerreiro de Barros , Lemos Rafael Silva , Giubilei Dante Bernardes , de Barros Rui Sergio Monteiro
Published: October 2022

Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos do colágeno hidrolisado e do peptídeo de colágeno no tratamento de lesões condrais superficiais de ratos.

Método Foram utilizados 18 Rattus norvegicus nesta pesquisa. O dano articular foi induzido por uma única infiltração intra-articular de iodoacetato de sódio (solução 2 mg), injetada através do ligamento patelar da articulação dos animais previamente anestesiados. Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos: grupo controle, grupo peptídeo de colágeno e grupo colágeno hidrolisado. O tratamento foi realizado por 30 dias com a administração via oral do peptídeo de colágeno ou do colágeno hidrolisado. Posteriormente, foi realizada a eutanásia dos experimentos e seguiu-se para o estudo das alterações condrais articulares. Os resultados foram avaliados conforme contagem de condrócitos por cluster e através da avaliação histológica segundo Pritzker et al.

Resultados Ao observar os estágios de lesão, não foi observada significância estatística entre os grupos controle, colágeno hidrolisado e peptídeo de colágeno (p = 0,11). Ao observar os escores, houve significância estatística na comparação do grupo tratado com colágeno hidrolisado e o grupo peptídeo colágeno (p < 0,05), porém sem diferença estatística em relação ao grupo controle.

Conclusão Os tratamentos propostos da lesão condral induzida com uso de colágeno hidrolisado ou peptídeos de colágeno via oral mostraram-se eficazes, com estabilização ou regressão da lesão apresentada em ratos, merecendo novas pesquisas experimentais com o intuito de compreender e melhorar o desfecho primário deste trabalho.
Detection of a Novel G2603T Mutation in cfr Harboring Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus: First Report from India
Authors: Khodabux Rhea Michelle J. , Mariappan Shanthi , Sekar Uma
Published: October 2022

Background Staphylococcus haemolyticus has emerged as an important multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen. Linezolid is useful in the treatment of severe infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. Resistance to linezolid in Staphylococci is due to one or more of the following mechanisms: acquisition of the cfr (chloramphenicol florfenicol resistance) gene, mutation in the central loop of domain V of the 23S rRNA, and mutation in the rplC and rplD genes. This study was carried out to detect and characterize resistance to linezolid among the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus.

Materials and Methods The study included 84 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Susceptibility to various antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method for linezolid. Methicillin resistance was screened using oxacillin and cefoxitin disc. Polymerase chain reaction was done to detect mecA, cfr and mutations in the V domain of the 23S rRNA gene.

Results Resistance to linezolid was exhibited by 3 of the 84 study isolates with MIC more than 128 µg/mL. The cfr gene was detected in all the three isolates. The G2603T mutation was observed in the domain V of the 23S rRNA among two isolates, whereas one isolate lacked any mutation.

Conclusion The emergence and spread of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolates carrying G2603T mutation in the domain V of the 23S rRNA and harboring the cfr gene pose a threat in clinical practice.
Transfer learning driven design optimization for inertial confinement fusion
Authors: Humbird K. D. , Peterson J. L.
Published: October 2022

Transfer learning is a promising approach to create predictive models that incorporate simulation and experimental data into a common framework. In this technique, a neural network is first trained on a large database of simulations and then partially retrained on sparse sets of experimental data to adjust predictions to be more consistent with reality. Previously, this technique has been used to create predictive models of Omega [Humbird et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 48, 61–70 (2019)] and NIF [Humbird et al., Phys. Plasmas 28, 042709 (2021); Kustowski et al., Mach. Learn. 3, 015035 (2022)] inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments that are more accurate than simulations alone. In this work, we conduct a transfer learning driven hypothetical ICF campaign in which the goal is to maximize experimental neutron yield via Bayesian optimization. The transfer learning model achieves yields within 5% of the maximum achievable yield in a modest-sized design space in fewer than 20 experiments. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this method is more efficient at optimizing designs than traditional model calibration techniques commonly employed in ICF design. Such an approach to ICF design could enable robust optimization of experimental performance under uncertainty.
Replica-averaging: An algorithm to study mechano-reactive processes for polymers under flow conditions
Authors: Kania Sagar , Nguyen Anh Hung , Oztekin Alparslan , Webb Edmund
Published: October 2022

A new method based on quasi-independent parallel simulation approach, replica-averaging, has been developed to study the influence of flow on mechanical force-mediated polymer processes, such as denaturation and breaking of bonds. This method considerably mitigates the unphysical prediction of force-mediated events inherent in Brownian dynamics (BD) polymer chain simulations that employ instantaneous force profile-based criteria to identify the occurrence of such events. This inaccuracy in predicting force-mediated event kinetics is due to high fluctuations of the instantaneous force profile around the average force. Replica-averaging reduces such high fluctuation effects by computing a force profile that faithfully represents the average force profile of the polymer chain conformation, which is then used to predict reactive events. For transient conformation conditions, the replica-averaged method more accurately predicts the mechano-reactive kinetics than the time-averaged method typically employed to reduce the unphysical prediction of force-mediated events in BD simulations. Furthermore, the influence of the proposed replica-averaging method parameters on the accuracy of predicting the true average force profile along the polymer is discussed.
Comparative analysis of the flow control over a circular cylinder with detached flexible and rigid splitter plates
Authors: Eydi Faezeh , Mojra Afsaneh , Abdi Rezvan
Published: October 2022

A comparative study is performed on a circular cylinder with both flexible and rigid splitter plates (SPs). This study has the novelty of using single and dual detached SPs located downstream of the cylinder. The dimensionless gap distance between the first splitter plate and the cylinder as well as the distance between the SPs are varied. The strain of flexible SPs can be used for energy harvesting from the flow. Therefore, a parametric study is performed to find the optimal design for placing piezoelectric polymers. The two-dimensional fluid–structure-interaction analysis is performed based on the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian scheme using COMSOL Multiphysics. Flow characteristics quantities, tip amplitude, and strain are evaluated at different arrangements of the SPs. The results reveal that wake control enhances effectively by doubling the number of SPs. Strain assessments indicate that the strain of dual SPs increases by more than 100% compared to the single plate case. In addition, the amplitude of the dual SPs increases by a remarkable ratio of 18.29 compared to the single plate. In the case of rigid and flexible SPs at a certain arrangement, dramatic reductions of 97.8% and 76.35% in the Strouhal number are obtained compared to a bare cylinder. In addition, 18% drag reduction compared to the bare cylinder is recorded for the rigid SPs. The presented passive method can be used as an attractive approach in flow control as well as energy harvesting from ocean waves and sea currents.
Revealing the dynamic evolution of Li filaments within solid electrolytes by operando small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Yang Jinghao , Mo Fangjie , Hu Jiaming , Li Shuyang , Huang Lizhao , Fang Fang , Sun Dalin , Sun Guangai , Wang Fei , Song Yun
Published: October 2022

Lithium dendrite (filaments) propagation in solid electrolytes (SEs) leading to short circuits is one of the biggest obstacles to the application of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Due to the lack of operando techniques that can provide high resolution, the insufficient knowledge of the lithium dendrite growth inside SEs makes it difficult to suppress the dendrite growth. To reveal the mechanism of the Li filament growth in SEs, we achieved real-time monitoring of the nanoscale Li filament growth by operando small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) in representative Li6.5La3Zr1.5Nb0.5O12 SEs. On continuous plating, the Li filament growth is not simply an accumulation of Li, but there is a dynamic evolution due to the competition between the Li filament growth and self-healing. With the aid of simulations and experiments, this dynamic competition was demonstrated to be highly dependent on temperature variation. The enhanced self-healing ability of Li at elevated temperatures plays a positive role in suppressing the Li filament growth. The heat therapy improved the cell's cycle life, which provided insight into suppressing the Li filament growth. Operando SANS with high Li sensitivity provides a platform for investigating Li filaments in SEs.
Conductance of concentrated electrolytes: Multivalency and the Wien effect
Authors: Avni Yael , Andelman David , Orland Henri
Published: October 2022

The electric conductivity of ionic solutions is well understood at low ionic concentrations of up to a few millimolar but becomes difficult to unravel at higher concentrations that are still common in nature and technological applications. A model for the conductivity at high concentrations was recently put forth for monovalent electrolytes at low electric fields. The model relies on applying a stochastic density-functional theory and using a modified electrostatic pair-potential that suppresses unphysical, short-range electrostatic interactions. Here, we extend the theory to multivalent ions as well as to high electric fields where a deviation from Ohm’s law known as the Wien effect occurs. Our results are in good agreement with experiments and recent simulations.
Heat generation in PZT MEMS actuator arrays
Authors: Fragkiadakis Charalampos , Sivaramakrishnan Subramanian , Schmitz-Kempen Thorsten , Mardilovich Peter , Trolier-McKinstry Susan
Published: October 2022

Piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (piezoMEMS) enable dense arrays of actuators which are often driven to higher electrical fields than their bulk piezoelectric counterparts. In bulk ceramics, high field driving causes internal heating of the piezoelectric, largely due to field-induced domain wall motion. Self-heating is then tracked as a function of vibration velocity to determine the upper bound for the drive levels. However, the literature is limited concerning self-heating in thin film piezoMEMS. In this work, it is shown that self-heating in piezoMEMS transducer arrays occurs due to domain wall motion and Ohmic losses. This was demonstrated via a systematic study of drive waveform dependence of self-heating in piezoMEMS arrays. In particular, the magnitude of self-heating was quantified as a function of different waveform parameters (e.g., amplitude, DC offset, and frequency). Thermal modeling of the self-heating of piezoMEMS using the measured hysteresis loss from electrical characterization as the heat source was found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The self-heating model allows improved thermal design of piezoMEMS and can, furthermore, be utilized for functional heating, especially for device level poling.
The origin of piezoelectric enhancement in compositionally graded ferroelectrics with sinusoidal variation
Authors: Le Minh-Tien , Do Phuong-Linh , Le Van-Tuan , Hue Dang Thi Hong , Dinh Van-Hai , Nguyen Trong-Giang , Van Lich Le
Published: October 2022

The direct piezoelectric effect of BaTiO3↔ Ba1−xSrxTiO3 graded ferroelectrics, whose compositions change in a sinusoidal form, is investigated via an extended phase-field method. The obtained results demonstrate that the piezoelectric coefficient can be significantly enhanced by controlling the amplitude of sinusoidal variation. The origin of piezoelectric enhancement is investigated by considering the formation of polarization domain structures and their behaviors under strain. Although a ferroelectric tetragonal phase or a paraelectric cubic phase primarily form in homogeneous Ba1−xSrxTiO3 ferroelectrics with a different content x, interestingly, an unusual ferroelectric monoclinic phase can be formed in compositionally graded ferroelectrics, giving rise to the coexistence of multiple phases. The monoclinic phase emerges as a result of the process that reduces built-in electric potential induced by a large gradient of polarization. In turn, the formation of the monoclinic phase gives rise to transient zones that make the polarization field more susceptible to external strains, thereby enhancing the piezoelectric response. We further demonstrate that the piezoelectric enhancement strongly depends on the volume fraction of the monoclinic phase in compositionally graded ferroelectrics, suggesting a route for the rational design of polarization domains and piezoelectric effects.
Neural stochastic differential equations for particle dispersion in large-eddy simulations of homogeneous isotropic turbulence
Authors: Williams J. , Wolfram U. , Ozel A.
Published: October 2022

In dilute turbulent particle-laden flows, such as atmospheric dispersion of pollutants or virus particles, the dynamics of tracer-like to low inertial particles are significantly altered by the fluctuating motion of the carrier fluid phase. Neglecting the effects of fluid velocity fluctuations on particle dynamics causes poor prediction of particle transport and dispersion. To account for the effects of fluid phase fluctuating velocity on the particle transport, stochastic differential equations coupled with large-eddy simulation are proposed to model the fluid velocity seen by the particle. The drift and diffusion terms in the stochastic differential equation are modeled using neural networks (“neural stochastic differential equations”). The neural networks are trained with direct numerical simulations (DNS) of decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence at low and moderate Reynolds numbers. The predictability of the proposed models is assessed against DNS results through a priori analyses and a posteriori simulations of decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence at low-to-high Reynolds numbers. Total particle fluctuating kinetic energy is under-predicted by 40% with no model, compared to the DNS data. In contrast, the proposed model predictions match total particle fluctuating kinetic energy to within 5% of the DNS data for low- to high-inertia particles. For inertial particles, the model matches the variance of uncorrelated particle velocity to within 10% of DNS results, compared to 60%–70% under-prediction with no model. It is concluded that the proposed model is applicable for flow configurations involving tracer and inertial particles, such as transport and dispersion of pollutants or virus particles.
Numerical study on free-spinning performance of oscillating water column Wells turbine in reciprocating airflows
Authors: Cui Ying , Liu Zhen , Wang Ru , Hyun Beom-Soo , Zhang Yongbo
Published: October 2022

The axial-flow Wells turbine is one of the most widely used air turbines in oscillating water column wave energy converters. By Wells turbine, we mean a reaction air turbine developed by A. A. Wells of Queen's University Belfast in the late 1970s. A comprehensive understanding of its free-spinning performance is crucial for determining control strategies for output power enhancement in practical engineering applications. In the present study, a three-dimensional (3D) transient model was established on an ANSYS-Fluent® platform to simulate the time-varying flow field and motion state of the rotor during the free-spinning process. After the model was validated with our experimental data, it was used to investigate the operation patterns in airflows with various profiles. The magnitude and phase features of the pressure difference and turbine torque were examined to identify the mechanism for overcoming the gradually ascending stage and maintaining dynamic equilibrium in the stable state. Additionally, the 3D flow-field details for several instants were demonstrated, including the severe vortex from the suction side in the post-stall region, strong tip leakage vortex downstream of the rotor, downstream helical strip vortex, and cyclic-asymmetric surface pressure distributions over the turbine. Furthermore, the effects of the cyclic volume flux on the free-spinning performance were investigated.
Dynamics of equilibrium-linked colloidal networks
Authors: Kwon Taejin , Wilcoxson Tanner A. , Milliron Delia J. , Truskett Thomas M.
Published: October 2022

Colloids that attractively bond to only a few neighbors (e.g., patchy particles) can form equilibrium gels with distinctive dynamic properties that are stable in time. Here, we use a coarse-grained model to explore the dynamics of linked networks of patchy colloids whose average valence is macroscopically, rather than microscopically, constrained. Simulation results for the model show dynamic hallmarks of equilibrium gel formation and establish that the colloid–colloid bond persistence time controls the characteristic slow relaxation of the self-intermediate scattering function. The model features re-entrant network formation without phase separation as a function of linker concentration, centered at the stoichiometric ratio of linker ends to nanoparticle surface bonding sites. Departures from stoichiometry result in linker-starved or linker-saturated networks with reduced connectivity and shorter characteristic relaxation times with lower activation energies. Underlying the re-entrant trends, dynamic properties vary monotonically with the number of effective network bonds per colloid, a quantity that can be predicted using Wertheim’s thermodynamic perturbation theory. These behaviors suggest macroscopic in situ strategies for tuning the dynamic response of colloidal networks.
Results of the EURAMET.RI(II)-K2.Ho-166 key comparison for the activity of the radionuclide 166Ho per unit mass of aqueous solution
Authors: Šolc Jaroslav , Bobin Christophe , Capogni Marco , Carconi Pierluigi , Collins Sean , Dryák Pavel , Felice Pierino De , Fazio Aldo , Fenwick Andrew , Keightley John , Shearman Robert , Sochorová Jana
Published: October 2022

Main text

This is the final report for the EURAMET.RI(II)-K2.Ho-166 key comparison of the activity of the radionuclide 166Ho per unit mass of aqueous solution which was organized in 2017 by Czech Metrology Institute (CMI) within the joint research project "Metrology for clinical implementation of dosimetry in molecular radiotherapy" (MRTDosimetry; 15HLT06) of the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR). The key comparison reference value of (2623.6 ± 3.6) kBq·g-1 was determined from the results of three participants at the reference time of 1 December 2017 00:00 UTC. The details of the comparison are presented and analysed in this paper.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).