bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with involuntary mental healthcare in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Corderoy Amy , Large Matthew Michael , Ryan Christopher , Sara Grant
Published: March 2024

Background

There is uncertainty about factors associated with involuntary in-patient psychiatric care. Understanding these factors would help in reducing coercion in psychiatry.

Aims

To explore variables associated with involuntary care in the largest database of involuntary admissions published.

Method

We identified 166 102 public mental health hospital admissions over 5 years in New South Wales, Australia. Demographic, clinical and episode-of-care variables were examined in an exploratory, multivariable logistic regression.

Results

A total of 54% of eligible admissions included involuntary care. The strongest associations with involuntary care were referral from the legal system (odds ratio 4.98, 95% CI 4.61–5.38), and psychosis (odds ratio 4.48, 95% CI 4.31–4.64) or organic mental disorder (odds ratio 4.40, 95% CI 3.85–5.03). There were moderately strong associations between involuntary treatment and substance use disorder (odds ratio 2.68, 95% CI 2.56–2.81) or affective disorder (odds ratio 2.06, 95% CI 1.99–2.14); comorbid cannabis and amphetamine use disorders (odds ratio 1.65, 95% CI 1.57–1.74); unmarried status (odds ratio 1.62, 95% CI 1.49–1.76) and being born in Asia (odds ratio 1.42, 95% CI 1.35–1.50), Africa or the Middle East (odds ratio 1.32, 95% CI 1.24–1.40). Involuntary care was less likely for people aged >75 years (odds ratio 0.68, 95% CI 0.62–0.74), with comorbid personality disorder (odds ratio 0.90, 95% CI 0.87–0.94) or with private health insurance (odds ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.86–0.93).

Conclusions

This research strengthens the evidence linking diagnostic, socioeconomic and cultural factors to involuntary treatment. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce involuntary admissions in disadvantaged groups.
Revisiting the Effect of Leptin on Alzheimer Disease and Parkinson Disease: The Role of Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Guo Xingzhi , Tang Peng , Zhang Xin , Li Rui
Published: March 2024

Context

Studies have indicated a link between leptin, Alzheimer disease (AD), and Parkinson disease (PD). However, the causal relationship among them remains not well established due to confounders and reverse causation.

Objective

This Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to evaluate the impact and potential mechanism of leptin and its soluble receptor on AD and PD.

Methods

Utilizing genome-wide association studies summary-level data, a comprehensive MR was conducted to assess the causal effect of leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sLEPR) on AD and PD. Additionally, we also explored the role of body mass index (BMI) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) in using the multivariable MR. The primary analysis was performed using the inverse variance-weighted method.

Results

Pooled estimates showed that genetically proxied higher leptin levels was significantly associated with a decreased risk of AD (OR 0.838, 95% CI 0.741-0.948, P = .005), but not PD. In contrast, no significant associations were observed between sLEPR levels, AD, and PD. Moreover, the effect of leptin on AD was attenuated to null after adjustment of ISI (OR 0.879, 95% CI 0.758-1.018, P = .086), but not BMI. There was no causal impact of AD and PD on circulating levels of leptin and sLEPR, indicating the absence of reverse causation. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these associations, with no obvious pleiotropy and heterogeneity.

Conclusion

The study offers evidence supporting a potential protective effect of leptin in AD, but not PD, via the enhancement of insulin sensitivity. Our findings underscore the distinct roles of leptin in AD and PD.
Hyperparathyroidism Jaw Tumor Syndrome, an Unforeseen Diagnosis
Authors: Zama Asande , Kruger Elsie C , Zemlin Annalise E , Conradie Magda
Published: March 2024

Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is often missed in developing nations due to limited formal healthcare exposure and biochemical screening programs. Many patients are thus only diagnosed once symptomatic. We present a 32-year-old female who developed bony protrusions in her jaw during pregnancy, resulting in a stillbirth. Three months later, during a dental consultation for worsening toothache, jaw abnormalities were detected. Radiological studies revealed bilateral mandibular radiolucent lesions, and bone biopsy confirmed histological features consistent with a brown tumor. These findings raised concerns about underlying PHPT, which was confirmed with a markedly elevated parathyroid hormone level in the presence of significant hypercalcemia. Further examination revealed impaired renal function, normal urine calcium excretion, and bilateral nephrocalcinosis. Low bone mineral density was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and conventional radiology identified additional low-density bony lesions in keeping with brown tumors. A parathyroid MIBI confirmed the presence of a singular parathyroid adenoma. A vague but possible family history, the patient's young age, and the severe renal and skeletal involvement prompted genetic testing. A cell division cycle 73 (CDC73) pathogenic variant, in keeping with primary hyperparathyroidism jaw tumor syndrome, was identified.
Ιστορία της οθωμανικής πόλης του Lüle Burgaz στην Ανατ. Θράκη, κατά την όψιμη περίοδο (1800-1918), με έμφαση στον κοινωνικο-οικονομικο-πολιτισμικό βίο, το θεσμικό πλαίσιο και την εκπαίδευση της ρωμέικης κοινότητας
Authors: Γούλας Γεώργιος
Published: March 2024

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διατριβής αποτελεί η εξερεύνηση του ιστορικού υποβάθρου που συνθέτει την ιστορική πορεία της πόλης του Λουλέ-Μπουργκάζ (Lüle Burgaz) της Ανατολικής Θράκης. Η περίοδος ενδιαφέροντος εκτείνεται από το 1800 έως το 1918. Η κοινωνική δομή της πόλης παρουσιάζει ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον τη συγκεκριμένη περίοδο καθώς τότε συνυπήρξαν κάτοικοι με ποικίλα και ετερόκλητα χαρακτηριστικά σε επίπεδο θρησκείας, εθνοτικής καταγωγής και οικονομικού επιπέδου. Από την έρευνα προκύπτει ότι αφενός η Ανατολική Θράκη υπήρξε μία περιοχή διαχρονικού ιστορικού ενδιαφέροντος με πλούσιες ιστορικές πηγές που αφορούν όλους τους τομείς της ζωής, αφετέρου η πόλη του Λουλέ-Μπουργκάζ αποτέλεσε ένα ισχυρό κέντρο με προσφορά σε οικονομικό, κοινωνικό, πολιτικό και στρατιωτικό επίπεδο. Η γεωστρατηγική θέση της πόλης την κατέστησε σημείο ενδιαφέροντος αλλά και πρωταγωνίστρια σε σημαντικές πολεμικές αναμετρήσεις που άλλαξαν την ιστορική πορεία ολόκληρης της περιοχής. Η δημιουργία σιδηροδρομικής γραμμής κατέστησε την πόλη απαραίτητο συγκοινωνιακό κόμβο για μεταφορά επιβατών και εμπορευμάτων. Οι εκπαιδευτικές μεταρρυθμίσεις της περιόδου, ιδιαίτερα των ελληνορθόδοξων millet, χαρακτηρίζονται από κινητικότητα και ανάγκη ενσωμάτωσης στην περιρρέουσα ατμόσφαιρα σύμφωνα με τα δυτικά πρότυπα και αποτέλεσαν μία σοβαρή προσπάθεια εκσυγχρονισμού, με ποικίλους φορείς να δραστηριοποιούνται για την ενίσχυση της εκπαίδευσης. Η παραγωγή λουλάδων στην περιοχή, από την οποία είναι πιθανό να προέρχεται το όνομα της πόλης, αλλά και οι ιδιαίτερα ισχυρές πολιτικές και οικονομικές προσωπικότητες της ρωμέικης κοινότητας καθιστούν την πόλη άξια ενδιαφέροντος. Τέλος, η διατριβή φιλοδοξεί να παρέχει εκείνα τα ιστορικά στοιχεία που θα διατηρήσουν την πόλη και την προσφορά της στην ιστορική μνήμη.
Adaptation and validation of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) - screen version
Authors: Mokros Łukasz , Rawska-Kabacińska Aleksandra , Świtaj Piotr , Wieczorek Łukasz , Jabłońska Anna , Anczewska Marta
Published: March 2024

Cel pracy

Przeprowadzenie polskiej adaptacji i psychometrycznej walidacji wersji przesiewowej Skali Oceny Ryzyka Samobójstwa z Uniwersytetu Columbia (Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale - C-SSRS), wśród pacjentów przyjętych do szpitala psychiatrycznego.

Metoda

Badanie jednoośrodkowe, obserwacyjne i przekrojowe. Po przyjęciu do stacjonarnego (ostrego) oddziału psychiatrycznego 318 kolejnych pacjentów wypełniło zestaw kwestionariuszy, który składał się z wersji przesiewowej Skali Oceny Ryzyka Samobójstwa z Uniwersytetu Columbia (C-SSRS) oraz narzędzi referencyjnych: Zrewidowanego Kwestionariusza Zachowań Samobójczych (SBQ-R), Skali Atrybucji Myśli Samobójczych (SIDAS), Zrewidowanej Skali Depresji Centrum Badań Epidemiologicznych (CESD-R), Skali Bólu Psychicznego, Skali Poczucia Sensu Życia (PIL) oraz testu przesiewowego nadużywania alkoholu (CAGE).

Wyniki

Współczynnik α Cronbacha dla polskiej wersji C-SSRS wynosił 0,89. W analizie czynnikowej zidentyfikowano dwa czynniki latentne: (1) myśli, zamiary i plany samobójcze oraz (2) próby samobójcze w wywiadzie. Wystąpiły różnice w średnich wynikach wszystkich zastosowanych kwestionariuszy (mianowicie SBQ-R, Skali Bólu Psychicznego, CAGE, SIDAS, PIL i CESD-R) pomiędzy grupami ryzyka wg C-SSRS (p=0,01). Ryzyko samobójstwa wg C-SSRS miało związek z kategorią rozpoznania psychiatrycznego wg ICD-10 (p<0,001).

Wnioski

Polska wersja przesiewowej Skali Oceny Ryzyka Samobójstwa z Uniwersytetu Columbia (C-SSRS) jest narzędziem o dobrych właściwościach psychometrycznych. Może służyć do oceny ryzyka samobójstwa wśród pacjentów hospitalizowanych psychiatrycznie.
'Względnie', 'relatywnie', 'stosunkowo' – metapredykaty znaczeniowo różne
Authors: Danielewiczowa Magdalena
Published: March 2024

Artykuł sytuuje się w jednym z nurtów semantyki strukturalistycznej, a dotyczy trzech polskich pojęć ukrywających się za formami względnie, stosunkowo i relatywnie. Kształty względnie i relatywnie reprezentują różne jednostki leksykalne, należące do różnych poziomów języka, formie stosunkowo odpowiada jedno znaczenie. Choć leksemy stanowiące przedmiot analizy mają zakończenie -e / -o, tzn. takie, jak typowe przysłówki, nie należą one do języka przedmiotowego, pełnią funkcje metapredykatywne, charakterystyczne dla pewnych klas tzw. wyrazów funkcyjnych. Ma to bezpośredni związek m.in. z własnościami przymiotników względny, stosunkowy i relatywny, z którymi pozostają w wyraźnych zależnościach formalnych i semantycznych. Mimo podobieństw znaczeniowych metapredykaty względnie, stosunkowo i relatywnie nie są, wbrew niektórym opisom leksykograficznym, synonimami. W artykule podjęta została próba wykazania różnic między nimi i, co za tym idzie, przybliżenia ich znaczeń.
Analyse du préverbe dis- dans une approche contrastive français-polonais
Authors: Hrabia Michał
Published: March 2024

Dans cet article, l’auteur examine le préverbe dis- dans une perspective contrastive franco-polonaise. La première partie présente les enjeux théoriques concernant la théorie universelle de la préfixation sémantique, ainsi que les principes et les étapes de l’analyse sémantico-traductionnelle des préfixes. Ladite analyse est basée sur l’hypothèse que différentes significations (c’est-à-dire des valeurs sémantiques) d’un préverbe donné en langue source devraient se manifester dans la traduction des verbes préfixés en langue cible. La deuxième partie contient les résultats de l’application de la méthode proposée dans l’étude du préverbe dis-. En examinant les traductions polonaises de 42 verbes préfixés en dis-, trouvées dans deux dictionnaires, à savoir le Grand dictionnaire français-polonais et Lexique 5, l’auteur conclut que le préverbe analysé est porteur de 4 valeurs sémantiques : la valeur de mouvement/éloignement (physique ou mental) dans diverses directions, la valeur d’annulation ou inversion de l’action antérieure, la valeur de négation et la valeur de cessation/privation. Grâce à la méthode de recherche utilisée, il devient également possible de constater des différences dans la répartition de ces valeurs aux niveaux profonds du français et du polonais.
Българско-македонско-гръцки фонетичен микроареал
Authors: Sawicka Irena
Published: March 2024

The article discusses the phonetic microareal located in the eastern part of the Aegean Macedonia. The phonetic features of this area are the result of Greek, Bulgarian and Macedonian phonetic convergence.
Multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions to the double phase Kirchhoff type problems with critical growth
Authors: Yang Jie , Liu Lintao , Meng Fengjuan
Published: March 2024

The aim of this paper is to study the multiplicity and concentration
of positive solutions to the $(p,q)$ Kirchhoff-type problems
involving a positive potential and a continuous nonlinearity with critical growth
at infinity. Applying penalization techniques, truncation methods and the
Lusternik-Schnirelmann theory, we investigate a relationship between
the number of positive solutions
and the topology of the set where the potential $V$ attains its minimum values.
Fixed point theorems for continuous single-valued and upper semicontinuous set-valued mappings in $p$-vector and locally $p$-convex spaces
Authors: Yuan George X.
Published: March 2024

The goal of this paper is to establish a general fixed point theorem for compact
single-valued continuous mappings in Hausdorff $p$-vector spaces, and a fixed
point theorem for upper semicontinuous set-valued mappings in locally
$p$-convex spaces for $p\in (0, 1]$. These results not only provide a solution
to Schauder conjecture in the affirmative under the setting of $p$-vector spaces
for compact single-valued continuous mappings, but also show the existence
of fixed points for upper semicontinuous set-valued mappings defined
on $s$-convex subsets in Hausdorff locally $p$-convex spaces, which
would be fundamental for nonlinear functional analysis, where $s, p \in (0, 1]$.
Normalized solutions to a class of Choquard-type equations with potential
Authors: Long Lei , Feng Xiaojing
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we study the existence and nonexistence of solutions
to the following Choquard-type equation
\begin{equation*}
-\Delta u+(V+\lambda)u=(I_\alpha*F(u))f(u)\quad\text{in } \mathbb{R}^N,
\end{equation*}
having prescribed mass $\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}u^2=a$, where
$\lambda\in\mathbb{R}$ will arise as a Lagrange multiplier, $N\geq 3$,
$\alpha\in(0,N)$, $I_\alpha$ is Riesz potential. Under suitable assumptions
on the potential function $V$ and the nonlinear term $f$, $a_0\in[0,\infty)$
exists such that the above equation has a positive ground state normalized solution
if $a\in(a_0,\infty)$ and one has no ground state normalized solution
if $a\in(0,a_0)$ when $a_0> 0$ by comparison arguments. Moreover,
we obtain sufficient conditions for $a_0=0$.
New fixed point results for nonlinear Feng-Liu contractions with applications
Authors: Petruşel Adrian , Petruşel Gabriela , Yao Jen-Chih
Published: March 2024

In this paper we will extend the concept of multi-valued Feng-Liu contraction,
by imposing a nonlinear assumption on the operator.
Then, fixed point, strict fixed point and stability theorems for the fixed point inclusion with
multi-valued nonlinear Feng-Liu contractions are given.
An application illustrates the main theoretical results.
Existence of a fixed point and stability results for contractive mappings on metric spaces with graphs
Authors: Reich Simeon , Zaslavski Alexander J.
Published: March 2024

It is known that a strict contraction on complete metric spaces with graphs possesses a fixed point. In the present paper we show that this property holds for mappings
on complete metric spaces with graphs which are merely contractive. We also obtain some stability results.
Fixed points of $G$-monotone mappings in metric and modular spaces
Authors: Quan Dau Hong , Wiśnicki Andrzej
Published: March 2024

Let $C$ be a bounded, closed and convex subset of a reflexive metric space with a digraph $G$ such that $G$-intervals along walks are closed and convex.
In the main theorem we show that if $T\colon C\rightarrow C$ is a monotone $G$-nonexpansive mapping and there exists $c\in C$ such that $Tc\in [c,\rightarrow )_{G}$,
then $T$ has a fixed point provided for each $a\in C$, $[a,a]_{G}$ has the fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings.
In particular, it gives an essential generalization of the Dehaish-Khamsi theorem concerning partial orders in complete uniformly convex hyperbolic metric spaces.
Some counterparts of this result for modular spaces, and for commutative families of mappings are given too.
Segurança alimentar e nutricional de crianças menores de 5 anos: da dimensão alimentar à nutricional
Authors: Figueroa Pedraza Dixis
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: analisar a associação de características biológicas e sociais com a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (san) de crianças menores de 5 anos com base em indicadores de percepção da fome e antropométricos. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal realizado em municípios brasileiros que foram priorizados para o desenvolvimento de ações de prevenção da obesidade infantil em 2017/2018. A san foi medida usando a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar e utilizaram-se os índices antropométricos Estatura/Idade (E/I), Peso/Idade (P/I) e Peso/Estatura (P/E). As associações se testaram por Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: das 868 crianças, 24.3% residiam em famílias com Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional Moderada-Grave (ianm-g), 7.0% tinham E/I baixa, 7.8% P/I elevado e 14.4% P/E elevado. Enquanto a ianm-g associou-se a uma ampla gama de fatores negativos do contexto social, as prevalências dos desvios antropométricos foram maiores em menores de 2 anos e quando as mães tiveram o mesmo diagnóstico nutricional que a criança. Conclusão: apesar das prevalências expressivas de ianm-g e de desvios antropométricos, a ianm-g foi mais acentuada, sobretudo em contextos sociais desfavoráveis. A san manifestou comportamento diferente nas suas dimensões alimentar e nutricional, tanto em termos de frequência quanto de determinação.
Bringing Politics Back In: The Role of Power and Coalitions in Organizational Adaptation
Authors: Levinthal Daniel A. , Pham Dong Nghi
Published: March 2024

The discussions of organizational politics and processes of organizational adaptation have developed as largely independent streams of work. However, we suggest that organizational politics—in particular, the power dynamics of the dominant coalition—can be a driver for patterns of both “continuity and change” within organizations. Continuity is maintained by two inertial forces. First, a corporate strategy that conforms to the interest of the dominant coalition will tend to reinforce the power of that dominant coalition—an entrenchment effect. Second, even organizational units that were not initially part of the dominant coalition adapt their policies to that corporate strategy and, as a consequence, may come to support this status quo strategy. However, the political dynamics within the organization can also facilitate strategic change because shifts in the environment can alter the power structure of the organization, resulting in a new dominant coalition with a different agenda. The underlying basis is that organizations are multilevel systems in which subunits adapt to the organization’s strategy, and that strategy, in turn, adapts to the subunits’ current policies. We find that a self-interested political process can help “unfreeze” the alignment between subunit policies and an organization’s strategy in a changing environment, facilitating a more timely adaptive response than a strategy process based on the perceived collective interest of the organization as a whole. However, under high levels of goal conflict among subunits, coalitional power inhibits, rather than facilitates, adaptive change because of the entrenchment effect of power.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.16995 .
The Humbling Effect of Significant Relationships: A Field Experiment Examining the Effect of Significant-Other Activation on Leaders’ Expressed Humility
Authors: Wang Lin , Li Junchao (Jason) , Owens Bradley P. , Shi Lihua , Wang Mo
Published: March 2024

Recent research has consistently highlighted the benefits of leader humility within organizations. However, much less is known about how leader humility can be contextually promoted beyond individual predispositions. This paper draws from the social-cognitive model of transference to illuminate how the contextual activation of significant-other schemas can enhance a leader’s expressed humility in the workplace. Specifically, we propose that the activation of significant-other schemas can lead to increased interpersonal warmth and psychological safety among leaders, which in turn, promote humility in their interactions with followers. Furthermore, we posit that these effects are amplified in leaders who possess a strong relational identity. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a field experiment with 97 leaders and their 194 followers, where we randomly applied daily significant-other activation interventions to the leaders and surveyed the leaders and their corresponding followers across 10 consecutive workdays. Our findings provide support for the positive impact of significant-other schema activation on leader humility and confirm the moderating role of a leader’s relational identity. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.

Funding: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72022022 and 72332009] and the John Templeton Foundation [Grant 62265] entitled “Applied Research on Intellectual Humility.”

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.17377 .
Baker’s yeast might not always be good for everyone – a case of percutaneous gastrostomy tube induced Saccharomyces cerevisiae peritonitis in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Kloub Mohammad , Hussain Muhammad , Marium Fnu , Anwar Atheer , Haddad Ahmad , Slim Jihad , Bains Yatinder
Published: March 2024

Peritonitis, the inflammation of the protective membrane surrounding parts of the abdominal organs, is a common clinical pathology with multifactorial aetiologies. While bacterial infections are well-recognised as a cause of peritonitis, fungal infections remain relatively uncommon especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is commonly used for breadmaking and as a nutritional supplement. This fungus has been reported to induce peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis. However, it has never been reported as secondary to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube insertion in immunocompromised patients. We present a 64-year-old female with a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who developed S. cerevisiae peritonitis following PEG tube insertion. The case highlights the importance of considering rare organisms when treating immunocompromised patients with peritonitis, especially after gastrointestinal tract penetration or peritoneal membrane disruption.
Preparing to roll out school-based immunisations: Best practice tips
Authors: Campen Nancy , Chedy Emily
Published: March 2024

Nancy Campen and Emily Chedy share the principles that guide the school-aged immunisation programme across Hertfordshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge and Peterborough and some of their best practice tips.
Academic pressure: Taking the issue seriously
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: March 2024

Academic pressure can have a substantial impact on children and young people's health and wellbeing, despite this there is very little reliable data available. Stephanie Thornton explains why it is time to take the issue seriously.
The season of hope
Authors: Sutton Sallyann
Published: March 2024

As Winter draws to an end, Sallyann Sutton shares some of the latest positive developments for school nursing and urges school nurses to share case studies and to respond to SAPHNA's survey.
‘Baby farming’
Authors: Matiluko Seun
Published: March 2024

Seun Matiluko explains the subject matter behind one episode of her BBC podcast
We've explored… elephants
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: March 2024

Children at one setting have worked on individual and collaborative elephant projects. By Annette Rawstrone
How labels create limits
Authors: Davis Emma
Published: March 2024

Why we should beware of labelling children. By Emma Davis
Market View: By the Book
Authors: Turner Leah
Published: March 2024

Leah Turner, co-founder of Owen Froebel, which offers day nursery brokerage, valuations and sales, on keeping track of income and managing your accounts.
Team Values: In the game
Authors: Powell Kirsty , Dobson Rhys
Published: March 2024

Nursery manager Kirsty Powell and Rhys Dobson, a sports coach and key worker, both from Kids Planet in Preston, Lancashire.
The Poetry of Pure Maths – and What It Means for your Business
Authors:   RDA
Published: March 2024

Numbers unlock innovation: Pure maths fuels R&D’s future
Exoskeletons Take the Strain
Authors: Fanning Paul
Published: March 2024

Technology may be able to provide an answer to the problems posed by manual handling in the form of robotic exoskeleton suits.
Forward Thinking
Authors: Fanning Paul
Published: March 2024

Investment is at the heart of developing skills for the manufacturing sector, so which organisations are helping to build the skills base and how?
Challenges of using specialist domestic and sexual violence and abuse service data to inform policy and practice on violence reduction in the UK
Authors: Bunce Annie , Smith Katie , Carlisle Sophie , Capelas Barbosa Estela
Published: March 2024

Specialist domestic and sexual violence and abuse support services routinely collect administrative data about victim-survivors’ experiences of violence, interventions, and individual- and service-level outcomes. When used effectively, such information has the potential to enhance understanding of patterns of violence in society and ensure that responses are evidence-based. However, the extent to which insights from specialist services’ administrative data can inform policy and practice on violence reduction is limited by three interrelated challenges: different approaches to the measurement of violence and abuse; the issue of disproportionate funding and capacity of services, and the practicalities of multi-agency working. This article contributes to a gap in knowledge by explicitly addressing the challenges of using such data. It is hoped that it will encourage further discussions into how services collect and use data, which would greatly enhance knowledge in this area. To gain a more accurate picture of violence and abuse, their consequent harms in society, and where resources and interventions should be targeted, it is vital that specialist services data is integrated with other sources of data on violence.
Does crime undermine support for privatization? Evidence from Ukraine
Authors: Brik Tymofii , Protsenko Vitalii
Published: March 2024

In this article, we consider the relationship between crime and attitudes toward privatization in Ukraine. In our theory, crime is a source of vulnerability that undermines citizens’ support for privatization. However, the success of privatization may also depend on the ability of the government to control crime. To discern these relationships, we first demonstrate that higher rates of crime are associated with less support for privatization, as our theory suggests. To address the possibility that institutional weaknesses during privatization affect the ability to control crime, we use Soviet institutional legacies, specifically industrialization, as an instrumental variable to assess the causal impact of crime on attitudes toward privatization. Soviet-led industrialization contributed to rapid economic growth, but at the cost of declining social and family structures. The instrumental variables analysis suggests crime causes a decline in support for privatization. This evidence suggests controlling crime should be part of Ukraine’s reconstruction effort in the wake of Russia’s unprovoked invasion in February 2022.
Any Restrictions on Reproductive Health Care Harm Reproductive Autonomy: Evidence from Four States
Authors: Easter Rachel , Friedrich-Karnik Amy , Kavanaugh Megan L.
Published: March 2024

Key Points Research in four states—Arizona, Iowa, New Jersey and Wisconsin—that have varying sexual and reproductive health policies illustrates that restrictions appearing to target one type of reproductive health care have ripple effects on all aspects of reproductive care, including abortion and contraception. Research on the Trump administration’s 2019 Title X Final Rule, also known as the “domestic gag rule,” and related state polices provides evidence that policies seemingly aimed only at abortion can negatively impact health care systems and provider delivery of sexual and reproductive health care, as well as patients’ experiences of person-centered care and reproductive autonomy. Living in a state where the policies are generally protective of sexual and reproductive health care does not necessarily insulate individuals from the impact of restrictive federal policies. For example, the number of clinics in the Title X network and the number of people served by those clinics declined in New Jersey after the domestic gag rule took effect, similar to declines seen in states with more restrictive policies, such as Iowa and Wisconsin. The 2019 Title X Final Rule negatively impacted both clinics that chose to stay in and those that left the Title X network, limiting their services and the provision of person-centered care beyond what was dictated by the policy. Policy restrictions trickle down to impact individuals' experiences with care. For example, diminished access to high-quality, more affordable and more comprehensive sexual and reproductive health care resulted in some patients shifting their contraceptive use to a contraceptive method that they preferred less. Policy restrictions on sexual and reproductive health care compound existing inequities. Federal and state policies should fully fund Title X, ensure comprehensive coverage of all contraceptive options, and remove restrictions that silo abortion to promote reproductive autonomy and person-centered care.
Narrow laser linewidth measurement with the optimal demodulated Lorentzian spectrum: erratum
Authors: Wu Lijin , Ji Zhongua , Ma Weixin , Su Dianqiang , Zhao Yanting , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang
Published: March 2024

This erratum corrects errors in Fig. 4(b) of the original paper, Appl. Opt. 63, 1847 (2023)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.510265. This correction does not affect any of the results or conclusions of the aforementioned paper.
Enhanced imaging with binary circular Dammann Fresnel zone plate
Authors: Anton Stefan R. , Shabairou Nadav , Stanciu Stefan G. , Stanciu George A. , Zalevsky Zeev
Published: March 2024

We introduce a novel approach in optical engineering by combining Dammann gratings with binary Fresnel zone plates to create a unique hybrid optical element with enhanced energetic efficiency of its focal spots. Traditionally, binary Fresnel zone plates focus light at multiple points with varying intensities, while Dammann gratings are renowned for their efficient and uniform light splitting capabilities. Our innovation lies in merging these two elements and generating a binary circular Dammann (varying along the radial direction) Fresnel zone plate that concentrates most of the incident light into a small and desired number of focused points with equal intensities, rather than distributing light’s energy non-equally across multiple points. This novel design significantly enhances the efficiency and precision of light manipulation. It opens new possibilities in applications requiring high-intensity focal points, such as in advanced medical imaging and in accurate scientific measurements. By redefining the conventional roles of these optical elements, our research contributes an advancement to the field, paving the way for innovative solutions in various optical applications.
The status and prospect on nature-based solution in South Asia: A policy-based analysis
Authors: Poudel Shobha , Wickramasinghe Deepthi , Mukherjee Mahua , Chowdhooree Imon , Chimi Chimi , Mishra Bhogendra , Abhinay Kumar , Mitra Sudip , Shaw Rajib
Published: March 2024

South Asian countries face a disproportionate impact from disasters due to their unique topography, poverty, low literacy rates, and socio-economic status. Human activities, such as unplanned urbanization and poorly designed rural road networks, have further contributed to disasters in the region. The article explores the potential of nature-based solutions (NbS) as a means of addressing these challenges through the integration of green, blue, and grey infrastructure. The analysis evaluates the significance of NbS and examines policies and regional cooperation in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, highlighting the importance of incorporating NbS into national policies and promoting collaboration among these countries. The study identifies the current low implementation of NbS in South Asia, with limited research in this area. While there are existing policy tools related to coastal zone management, water, forest, and urban development, policies related to NbS should be coherent, connected, and integrated with natural resources, climate change, disaster risk reduction, and socio-economic growth to achieve sustainable development in the region. Overall, the article emphasizes the need for effective policy implementation and research to enhance resilience to climate change and promote sustainable development in South Asia.
Basement membrane diversification relies on two competitive secretory routes defined by Rab10 and Rab8 and modulated by dystrophin and the exocyst complex
Authors: Dennis Cynthia , Pouchin Pierre , Richard Graziella , Mirouse Vincent
Published: March 2024

The basement membrane (BM) is an essential structural element of tissues, and its diversification participates in organ morphogenesis. However, the traffic routes associated with BM formation and the mechanistic modulations explaining its diversification are still poorly understood.Drosophila melanogasterfollicular epithelium relies on a BM composed of oriented BM fibrils and a more homogenous matrix. Here, we determined the specific molecular identity and cell exit sites of BM protein secretory routes. First, we found that Rab10 and Rab8 define two parallel routes for BM protein secretion. When both routes were abolished, BM production was fully blocked; however, genetic interactions revealed that these two routes competed. Rab10 promoted lateral and planar-polarized secretion, whereas Rab8 promoted basal secretion, leading to the formation of BM fibrils and homogenous BM, respectively. We also found that the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) and Rab10 were both present in a planar-polarized tubular compartment containing BM proteins. DAPC was essential for fibril formation and sufficient to reorient secretion towards the Rab10 route. Moreover, we identified a dual function for the exocyst complex in this context. First, the Exo70 subunit directly interacted with dystrophin to limit its planar polarization. Second, the exocyst complex was also required for the Rab8 route. Altogether, these results highlight important mechanistic aspects of BM protein secretion and illustrate how BM diversity can emerge from the spatial control of distinct traffic routes.
Comparative evaluation of lateral flow assays to diagnose chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Bolivia
Authors: López Ronald , García Andrea , Chura Aruni José Jorge , Balboa Victor , Rodríguez Andrea , Erkosar Berra , Kamoun Aurélie , Rodriguez Marcelo , Fortun Evelin , Bohorquez Laura C.
Published: March 2024

Bolivia has the highest incidence of Chagas disease (CD) worldwide. Caused by the parasite Trypanasoma cruzi, CD is generally a chronic condition. Diagnosis is logistically and financially challenging, requiring at least two different laboratory-based serological tests. Many CD cases are missed; in Bolivia it is estimated just 6% of individuals chronically infected with T. cruzi get diagnosed. Achieving control on the way to elimination of CD requires a radical simplification of the current CD testing pathways, to overcome the barriers to accessing CD treatment. We aimed to generate unbiased performance data of lateral flow assays (LFAs) for T. cruzi infection in Bolivia, to evaluate their usefulness for improving T. cruzi diagnosis rates in a precise and efficient manner.

This retrospective, laboratory-based, diagnostic evaluation study sought to estimate the sensitivity/specificity of 10 commercially available LFAs for T. cruzi, using the current CD diagnostic algorithm employed in Bolivia as the reference test method. All tests were blinded at the study site and performed by three operators. In total, 470 serum samples were tested, including 221 and 249 characterized as CD-positive/-negative, respectively. The LFAs were scored according to their relative importance using a decision-tree-based algorithm, with the mean decrease in Gini index as the scoring metric.

The estimates of sensitivities ranged from 62.2–97.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) lower bound 55.0–94.7%); for specificities the range was 78.6–100% (95% CI lower bound 72.0–97.5%); 5/10 and 6/10 tests had sensitivity >90% and specificity >95%, respectively. Four LFAs showed high values of both sensitivity (93–95%) and specificity (97–99%). The agreement between 6 LFAs and the reference tests was almost perfect (Kappa 0.83–0.94). Most LFAs evaluated thus showed performances comparable with current laboratory-based diagnostic methods.
Low-carbon governance, fiscal decentralization, and enterprise green development: Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Shihai , Kuang Jinsong , Ding Dezhi , Madsen Dag Øivind , Shi Xiaofei , Fan Xianyang
Published: March 2024

Simultaneously achieving economic development and environmental protection is a shared global challenge. While the positive effect of environmental regulations on protecting the environment has been widely recognized, the attention paid to low-carbon governance and corporate green transformation remains insufficient. Based on the two-stage least square regression model (2SLS) of instrumental variables, this paper utilizes panel data from China to identify the influence mechanism of government low-carbon governance on enterprise green development. It explores the effect of low-carbon governance on enterprise green development from the perspective of fiscal decentralization. The findings show that (1) Low-carbon governance significantly promotes corporate green development, primarily through improving industrial structure and technological innovation; (2) Low-carbon governance notably promotes the green development of private enterprises but has little effect on state-owned enterprises. There are also geographical differences, and the results are better in Eastern China than in the Central and Western parts of China; (3) Fiscal decentralization at both central and local levels inhibits the effect of low-carbon governance on driving corporate green development by causing a mismatch of human resources. Therefore, to promote corporate green development, low-carbon governance must prioritize green development, actively guide industrial structural upgrading and enterprise technological innovation, implement differentiated low-carbon governance measures tailored to different ownership enterprises, and optimize the assessment indicators for fiscal decentralization. This paper helps deepen the understanding of the relationship between government low-carbon governance and enterprise green development in developing countries. It can be used as a reference for government departments to formulate relevant policies.
Stress and job satisfaction over time, the influence of the managerial position: A bivariate longitudinal modelling of Wittyfit data
Authors: Colin-Chevalier Rémi , Dutheil Frédéric , Benson Amanda Clare , Dewavrin Samuel , Cornet Thomas , Lambert Céline , Pereira Bruno
Published: March 2024

Background

The managerial position affects stress and job satisfaction of workers, but these influences have always been studied separately.

Objective

We aimed to assess bivariate influence of the managerial position on workers’ stress and job satisfaction and the inter-relationship of these indicators over time.

Methods

We have analyzed data from workers who use the Wittyfit software, collected annually between 2018 and 2021. Stress and job satisfaction were evaluated by self-report questionnaires. Job position (manager or employee) was provided by the software’s client companies.

Results

Data of 704 workers were included in the study. Cross-sectional and longitudinal multivariate analyses revealed that managerial position improves job satisfaction (p<0.001), but not stress (p = 0.4). Overall, while workers’ job satisfaction has improved (p<0.001), stress has remained stable over time (p = 0.3). Three latent groups, with specific evolutionary multi-trajectory of stress and job satisfaction were identified in the sample (entropy = 0.80). Age and seniority, but not gender tended to influence managers’ and employees’ indicators. Over time, stress and job satisfaction have tended to negatively interconnect, in cross-section and in a cross-lagged manner (p<0.001).

Conclusions

The managerial position improves workers’ job satisfaction but has no effect on stress. Sociodemographics including age and seniority, but not gender, can affect this relationship. Stress and job satisfaction can influence each other, both cross-sectionally and over time. To be more effective, organizations should implement holistic strategies targeting multiple indicators.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02596737.
Computational analysis into the potential of azo dyes as a feedstock for actinorhodin biosynthesis in Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Nayyara Parsa , Permana Dani , Ermawar Riksfardini A. , Fahayana Ratih
Published: March 2024

Fermentation-based biosynthesis in synthetic biology relies heavily on sugar-derived feedstocks, a limited and carbon-intensive commodity. Unconventional feedstocks from less-noble sources such as waste are being utilized to produce high-value chemical products. Azo dyes, a major pollutant commonly discharged by food, textile, and pharmaceutical industries, present significant health and environmental risks. We explore the potential of engineering Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to utilize azo dyes as a substrate to produce a polyketide, actinorhodin (ACT). Using the constrained minimal cut sets (cMCS) approach, we identified metabolic interventions that optimize ACT biosynthesis and compare the growth-coupling solutions attainable on an azo dye compared to glucose. Our results predicted that azo dyes could perform better as a feedstock for ACT biosynthesis than glucose as it allowed growth-coupling regimes that are unfeasible with glucose and generated an 18.28% higher maximum ACT flux. By examining the flux distributions enabled in different carbon sources, we observed that carbon fluxes from aromatic compounds like azo dyes have a unique capability to leverage gluconeogenesis to support both growth and production of secondary metabolites that produce excess NADH. Carbon sources are commonly chosen based on the host organism, availability, cost, and environmental implications. We demonstrated that careful selection of carbon sources is also crucial to ensure that the resulting flux distribution is suitable for further metabolic engineering of microbial cell factories.
Becoming through a/r/tography, autobiography and stories in motion1
Authors: LeBlanc Natalie , Davidson Sara Florence , Ryu Jeeyeon , Irwin Rita L.
Published: March 2024

Since its original publication, this article has received tremendous interest on the Intellect website as well as through other platforms. Attending to a/r/tography as practice-based research through stories in motion, the authors explore becoming-artist, becoming-researcher and becoming-teacher as a métissage approach of weaving layered stories alongside and through one another. Together, as co-labourers, the authors enact coming to understand their own as well as their collective learning through processes of practising, theorizing and materializing their work. Permeating these practices is a commitment to emergence as evidenced through a/r/tographic states of intensity, events and movement. The result is an exemplar of a/r/tography with an appeal to many a/r/tographers desiring to experience becoming-a/r/tography and who wish to deeply impact their own art education practices.
An Experimental Approach to Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos (2nd Edition)
Authors: Tufillaro Nicholas
Published: March 2024

Textbook on nonlinear dynamics emphasising the use of simple experiments to learn the basic concepts.
Vipassana Effects on Interpersonal Functioning
Authors: Ruehland Brett
Published: March 2024

Over the last decade, psychological researchers have begun exploring the effects of Vipassana, a meditation practice based on teachings expounded in the earliest Buddhist texts, dating back more than two-and-a-half millennia (Bodhi, 2005). Courses to learn the technique are widely available, with hundreds of thousands of participants attending residential courses at Vipassana meditation centres around the world every year (Vipassana Research Institute [VRI], 2010).

An emerging body of evidence indicates that Vipassana meditation is beneficial to psychological health and wellbeing (e.g., Cohen, Jensen, Stange, Neuburger & Heimberg, 2017; Krygier et al., 2013; Szekeres & Wertheim, 2015). However, at present, the effect of Vipassana on interpersonal distress, a critical marker of psychopathology, appears not to have been explored. Furthermore, several prior Vipassana studies have produced findings that were inconsistent with other well-established findings. For example, Adhikari (2012) and Krygier et al. (2013) found that attending a Vipassana course had a non-significant effect on anxiety symptoms. However, there is a substantial body of evidence suggesting that meditation can reduce a range of psychopathological symptoms, including anxiety symptoms (e.g., Cohen et al., 2017; Hofmann, Sawyer, Witt, & Oh, 2010; Keng, Smoski, & Robins, 2011; Sedlmeier et al., 2012; Tomlinson, Yousaf, Vittersø, & Jones, 2018).

The current study aims to explore the immediate and longer-term effects of attending a 10-day residential Vipassana course on self-reported dispositional mindfulness, symptoms of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress), and interpersonal distress, in a non-clinical, community sample. Positive results would support the notion that Vipassana meditation is an effective tool for improving functioning in a number of important domains that are critical to good psychological health (Girard et al., 2017).
Physiological responses of jundiá Rhamdia quelen juveniles anesthetized with different concentrations of lidocaine hydrochloride (Lidostesim® 3%)
Authors: Neyrão Iuri Moraes , Conrado André Luiz , Lopes Paulo Rodinei Soares
Published: March 2024

The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of lidocaine hydrochloride-based immersion anesthesia in concentrations of 1,000, 1,500, 2,000 and 2,500 mg L-1 on physiological responses of jundiá Rhamdia quelen, with the control group anesthetized with clove oil (50 mg L-1) bath anesthesia. Ten jundiá juveniles were used in each experimental and control groups in order to analyze the hematocrit, blood glucose levels and induction and recovery times. Jundiás anesthetized in 2,000 and 2,500 mg L-1 solutions showed percentual hematocrit increase (42.7 ± 0.9% and 43.7 ± 0.7 %, P < 0.05). It was observed inverse association between blood glucose levels and lidocaine concentration, with values ranging from 57.3 ± 14.7 mg dL-1 to jundiá anesthetized in 1,000 mg L-1 and 39.5 ± 12.5 mg dL-1 in 2,500 mg L-1 anesthetic baths, with higher values detected in the control group (78.1 ± 12.5 mg dL-1, P < 0.001). Likewise, it was observed inverse relationship between lidocaine hydrochloride concentration and induction times, but direct association with recovery times. Higher concentrations were the most effective as blood glucose reduction and maintenance of hematocrit levels, with promising induction and recovery times for future anesthetic trials.