bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the use of environmental flows and stocking for the persistence of a flow-dependent spawner in a drying climate
Authors: Stoessel Daniel J. , Yen Jian , Todd Charles R.
Published: May 2023

Context Where water is used to support ecosystem processes under a changing climate, it is vital that it is done efficiently. The Australian bass (Percalates novemaculeata) is a freshwater fish endemic to south-eastern Australia that has been adversely affected by anthropogenic disturbances. This has prompted investigations as to the use of environmental water in support of the species in addition to widespread stocking. Aims We investigate whether environmental flows and stocking in isolation support a population of Australian bass more effectively than they do in combination, under various climate-change scenarios. We also determine the cost efficiency of each strategy. Methods We used an age-based stochastic population model to determine outcomes of strategies. Key results Our model suggested that the application of two or three large environmental flows per year was highly effective in all but the most-extreme climate-change scenarios. Alternatively, the value of stocking increased with an increasing severity of climate change. The cost of delivery of environmental flows far exceeds that of stocking. However, stocking directly benefits only a single species (in this case Australian bass), whereas the provision of environmental water has multi-species benefits, in addition to being vital to maintaining the river ecosystem itself. Conclusions Under severe climate-change scenarios, stocking, and the use of environmental water in support of populations, may be successful only to a point. Implications Extreme climate change may therefore negate any attempts to halt the decline of populations of some species.
The appeal to religious authority
Authors: Salvato Lucia
Published: May 2023

This paper analyzes a particular type of support that religious authorities use in their argumentative monologues
on moral and theological matters. In particular, the argumentative monologue given by Joseph Ratzinger as Pope Benedict XVI during
his 2011 visit to the federal parliament in the Reichstag in Berlin will be used as a case study. In his speech, Ratzinger offers
his reflections on the foundations of law starting from his interpretation of a brief story from the First Book of the
Kings in the Old Testament (1 Kings 3:5–10). The entire interpretation assumes the form of an
argumentative text, in which he appeals to an authoritative voice of German-language jurisprudence (Hans Kelsen) and three
Christian religious authorities (St Augustine, Origen of Alexandria, and St Paul). The aim of the study is to assess the pragmatic
strength of Ratzinger’s argumentation and thus verify the authoritative contribution of religious experts in his argumentation, in
which religion and ethics are linked together.
Apocalyptic argumentation
Authors: Eriksson Anders
Published: May 2023

Our time is an apocalyptic time, but the argumentation in this apocalyptic time has hardly been studied by scholars of argumentation. This article shows how both Donald Trump and the jihadist warriors of ISIS appeal to an apocalyptic worldview in their argumentation. The three topos of evil, time and authority from Stephen O’Leary’sArguing the Apocalypseare used in the analysis. Both Trump supporters and jihadist warriors see themselves as fighting for God and their enemies as representing evil forces. For scholars of argumentation the role of arguments woven into narratives that become whole worldviews needs to be studied more thoroughly.
Emergent Twitter publics through political scandal
Authors: Rathnayake Chamil , Smith Angela , Higgins Michael
Published: May 2023

This study examines how emergent Twitter publics are organised and engage with political scandal and
personalisation during Covid-19 in the UK. The analysis is centred on a series of media events around Chief Adviser to the then-UK
Prime Minister, running from May 2020 to May 2021. The samples comprises original tweets that contain key hashtags, amounting to
38,326 items. These are subject to topic model analysis to identify semantic fields, before using critical discourse analysis. We
find hashtags help constitute emergent Twitter publics, and that tweets follow conversational patterns and conspire in tactics of
intertextuality. Dissention to government conduct engages resourcefully with the affordances of Twitter: constituting publics,
shaping discourse, and articulating with parallel discussions on political performance. Further, a computational approach can
systematise the identification of domains of discourse and relevant lexical sets, providing an evidence-based understanding of
even novel and emergent political discourses in online discussion.
The populist radical right in Australia
Authors: Moffitt Benjamin , Sengul Kurt
Published: May 2023

This article examines one of the longest-standing populist radical right parties outside of Europe: Pauline
Hanson’s One Nation. The article outlines the party’s development and position in the Australian political landscape, before
explaining how it articulates the ideological features of the PRR (nativism, authoritarianism and populism); how these interact;
and in what ways this differs from European PRR parties. It shows that the party has steadfastly remained focused on targeting
outgroups – immigrants, asylum seekers, Asians, Muslims, and First Nations Peoples, amongst others – rather than clearly defining
its ingroup – ‘ordinary Australians’ – and considers the role of Australia’s settler-colonial history and geographical context in
this. It then analyses how the party has broadened its platform in recent years by engaging with gender identity, vaccine
mandates, climate change scepticism and sovereign-citizen issues; before explaining the factors that have prevented it from
achieving the success of many European PRR parties.
Jair Bolsonaro and the defining attributes of the populist radical right in Brazil
Authors: Tanscheit Talita
Published: May 2023

The presidential candidacy of Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil in 2018 was the Populist Radical Right’s (PRR) first one to be electorally successful in Latin America. Although it is possible to assert that Bolsonaro belongs to the PRR given his political career, few studies have focused on the supply-side and Bolsonaro’s ideas and discourses. This article analyzes the relevance of the three defining attributes of the PRR – nativism, authoritarianism, and populism – in Bolsonaro’s ideological and programmatic platform. Based on an analysis of the 2018 electoral manifesto, campaign and government speeches, and social network posts, three arguments will be made: (i) authoritarianism is the primary defining attribute of Bolsonaro; (ii) populism only exists in the country associated with a solid negative political identity, an anti-Workers’ Party sentiment known in Brazil as antipetismo; and (iii) neoliberalism must be considered a fourth ideological element of the Brazilian PRR.
A Europeanisation of American politics?
Authors: Cremer Tobias
Published: May 2023

This article investigates how the Populist Radical Right (PRR) in the United States has, under the leadership of Donald Trump, reshaped the Republican party and American Politics more broadly. With a platform built on anti-immigrant nativism (“Build the wall”), anti-elite populism (“Drain the swamp”) and authoritarian rhetoric (“The election was stolen”), “Trumpism” neatly matches the definition of the PRR, observed in Europe. Based on evidence gathered from survey data and over a dozen elite interviews with American political and civil society leaders, this article explores common features between Trumpism and Europe’s PRR as well as breaks and continuities with America’s own traditions of populism, nativism, and authoritarianism. Overall, rather than an Americanisation of global politics, this article finds evidence for a Europeanisation of American politics as faith-based culture wars are replaced by a new brand of nativist right-wing identity politics.
Control of Dengue Epidemic in Lahore: A fortuitous application of One Health Approach
Authors: Iftikhar Sana , Mursalin S.M. , QurratulAin Syeda , McNeil Carrie S.
Published: May 2023

Pakistan, a developing country in South-east Asia, is experiencing disease outbreaks caused by human, animal, and environmental interactions. The One Health approach relies on intersectoral collaboration. This is now recognized as the key to controlling epidemics. Although Pakistan is still in the process of adopting the One Health approach, this case study highlights the effective control of the 2010–2011 dengue outbreak in Lahore and other cities of the Punjab province, This was the greatest achievement of the Punjab health sector. For the first time, administrative departments under the control of political government formed partnerships among human, animal, environmental, entomology, and microbiology experts to develop strategies. Other departments, such as transportation, solid waste management, fisheries, police, and education also participated in anti-dengue activities. This included the surveillance of larvicidal measures, elimination of potential breeding sites, and community mobilization campaigns. The general public was motivated to participate by volunteers, and the level of communication, coordination, and collaboration was at par with an ideal One Health project. The outcome was the effective control of the dengue epidemic, disproving projections, and bringing vector-borne menace to endemic levels. This case study demonstrates that the One Health approach is still possible even in developing countries with overburdened health systems and conventionally siloed departments. It serves as a cornerstone for advocating that the One Health approach, once tested in one of Pakistan’s largest provinces, should be adopted nationally in letter and spirit.

Information

© The Authors 2023
A two-step mitochondrial import pathway couples the disulfide relay with matrix complex I biogenesis
Authors: Peker Esra , Weiss Konstantin , Song Jiyao , Zarges Christine , Gerlich Sarah , Boehm Volker , Trifunovic Aleksandra , Langer Thomas , Gehring Niels H. , Becker Thomas , Riemer Jan
Published: May 2023

Mitochondria critically rely on protein import and its tight regulation. Here, we found that the complex I assembly factor NDUFAF8 follows a two-step import pathway linking IMS and matrix import systems. A weak targeting sequence drives TIM23-dependent NDUFAF8 matrix import, and en route, allows exposure to the IMS disulfide relay, which oxidizes NDUFAF8. Import is closely surveyed by proteases: YME1L prevents accumulation of excess NDUFAF8 in the IMS, while CLPP degrades reduced NDUFAF8 in the matrix. Therefore, NDUFAF8 can only fulfil its function in complex I biogenesis if both oxidation in the IMS and subsequent matrix import work efficiently. We propose that the two-step import pathway for NDUFAF8 allows integration of the activity of matrix complex I biogenesis pathways with the activity of the mitochondrial disulfide relay system in the IMS. Such coordination might not be limited to NDUFAF8 as we identified further proteins that can follow such a two-step import pathway.
Triggered Golgi membrane enrichment promotes PtdIns(4,5)P2 generation for plasma membrane repair
Authors: Meng Xinan , Wijaya Chandra Sugiarto , Shao Qingfang , Xu Suhong
Published: May 2023

The maintenance of plasma membrane integrity and a capacity for efficiently repairing damaged membranes are essential for cell survival. Large-scale wounding depletes various membrane components at the wound sites, including phosphatidylinositols, yet little is known about how phosphatidylinositols are generated after depletion. Here, working with our in vivo C. elegans epidermal cell wounding model, we discovered phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) accumulation and local phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] generation at the wound site. We found that PtdIns(4,5)P2 generation depends on the delivery of PtdIns4P, PI4K, and PI4P 5-kinase PPK-1. In addition, we show that wounding triggers enrichment of the Golgi membrane to the wound site, and that is required for membrane repair. Moreover, genetic and pharmacological inhibitor experiments support that the Golgi membrane provides the PtdIns4P for PtdIns(4,5)P2 generation at the wounds. Our findings demonstrate how the Golgi apparatus facilitates membrane repair in response to wounding and offers a valuable perspective on cellular survival mechanisms upon mechanical stress in a physiological context.
TB granuloma: CD30 co-stimulation for CD4+ T cell co-operation
Authors: Gress Abigail R. , Bold Tyler D.
Published: May 2023

Tuberculosis granuloma T cells express an array of mediators including the CD30 co-stimulatory receptor and its ligand, CD153. CD4 T effector cells require signals through CD30, potentially provided co-operatively by other T cells, to completely differentiate and protect against disease (Foreman et al., 2023. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20222090).
On the Cauchy problem for the Hartree approximation in quantum dynamics
Authors: Carles Rémi , Fermanian Kammerer Clotilde , Lasser Caroline
Published: May 2023

We prove existence and uniqueness results for the time-dependent Hartree approximation arising in quantum dynamics. The Hartree equations of motion form a coupled system of nonlinear Schrödinger equations for the evolution of product state approximations. They are a prominent example for dimension reduction in the context of the time-dependent Dirac–Frenkel variational principle. Our main result addresses a general setting with smooth potentials where the nonlinear coupling cannot be considered as a perturbation. The proof uses a recursive construction that is inspired by the standard approach for the Cauchy problem associated to symmetric quasilinear hyperbolic equations. We also discuss the case of Coulomb potentials, though treated differently (using Strichartz estimates and a classical fixed point argument).
Subtle lattice distortion-driven phase transitions in layered ACu4As2 (A = Eu, Sr)
Authors: Nie 聂 Yong 勇 , Chen 陈 Zheng 正 , Mei 梅 Ming 明 , Wang 王 Yuan-Yuan 园园 , Wu 吴 Jia-Ting 嘉挺 , Jiang 蒋 Jia-Liang 佳良 , Song 宋 Wen-Hai 文海 , Ning 宁 Wei 伟 , Wang 王 Zhao-Sheng 钊胜 , Zhu 朱 Xiang-De 相德 , Tian 田 Ming-Liang 明亮
Published: May 2023

The compounds composed of transition metal cations and pnictide anions provide a rich platform for studying novel physical phenomena. Here we report on the observation of a phase transition at ∼ 70 K and 145 K in layered compound EuCu4As2 and SrCu4As2, respectively. from both the transport and heat capacity. The thermal expansion measurements show that the variation of the lattice parameters (ΔLb
/Lab
) around T
P is much less than that for a typical crystalline phase transition. Our experimental results reveal that the transition in EuCu4As2 and SrCu4As2 should be driven by subtle structural-distortion.
Simulation of Bayonet Chamber Process Based on CFEMP
Authors: Zhou Mengdi , Chen Guangsong , Zhang Long
Published: May 2023

The bayonet chamber process is accompanied by severe transient elastic-plastic deformation. Meanwhile, the shape of the rotating band is complex. The Finite Element Method (FEM) suffers from mesh distortion when numerical calculating such cases. In this paper, the projectile and rotating band are discretized by material points while the barrel is discretized by finite elements. The node-surface contact algorithm is applied to describe the interaction of the parts. The Coupled Finite Element Material Point Method (CFEMP) model of the projectile band bayonet-chamber process is established. The resistance acting on the rotating band and the velocity of the projectile are obtained. The results can provide a reference for the projectile conveying design and the determination of bayonet-chamber velocity.
Technical feasibility of powering U.S. manufacturing with rooftop solar PV
Authors: Namin Amir T , Eckelman Matthew J , Isaacs Jacqueline A
Published: May 2023

The use of renewable electricity is vital for the decarbonization of industry. Industrial firms source renewables through off-site power purchase agreements or on-site installations, though the latter currently supplies <0.1% of industrial electricity demand in the U.S. Manufacturing buildings typically have large, flat rooftops that are ideal for solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays. This study investigates the feasibility of using rooftop solar PV to cover the net annual electricity needs of industry across all U.S. states and manufacturing sectors. Modeled electricity supply intensity for solar PV arrays is compared with the electricity demand per unit of floorspace for average manufacturing buildings derived from the U.S. Department of Energy Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey. Results show that, depending on geographical location, rooftop solar PV can completely fulfill the electricity requirements of 5%–35% of manufacturing sectors considered on a net annual basis (assuming net metering). Furniture, textiles, and apparel manufacturing can be powered through on-site means in nearly every location, representing 2% of U.S. manufacturing electricity use and 6% of floorspace. Considering seasonal potential during summer months expands the list of feasible sites, particularly in the U.S. Southwest. Compared to off-site sourcing of renewable energy, pursuing on-site PV installations can also enable manufacturers to maintain limited operations during periods of grid disruption, especially when coupled with on-site energy storage. Overall, the results indicate a substantial physical opportunity for industrial firms to expand rooftop solar PV from currently low levels to help meet decarbonization goals.
DEA-registered clinical pharmacist practitioners: Progressing practice to increase patient care access
Authors: Baum Shekinah G , Kominek Courtney , Jorgenson Terri L , Brooks Abigail , Rose Kellie
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This descriptive review aims to describe the impact of controlled substance prescriptive authority (CSPA) among Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)–registered clinical pharmacist practitioners (pharmacists) within the Veterans Health Administration (VA). The practice perspectives of pharmacists with CSPA are also reviewed. A 3-part methodology included identification and query of DEA-registered pharmacists, practice impact data analysis, and time and motion prescribing analysis.

Between quarter 1 of fiscal year 2018 and quarter 2 of fiscal year 2022, the number of DEA-registered pharmacists in the VA grew by 314%, from 21 to 87 pharmacists. Pharmacists in pain management and mental health reported benefits of CSPA, with the most common being practice autonomy (93%), increased efficiency (92%), and reduced burden on other prescribers (89%). Initial challenges to pharmacists obtaining DEA registration included a lack of incentive (46%) and concern about increased liability (37%). A time and motion analysis demonstrated that pharmacists with CSPA saved a median of 12 minutes for prescription writing compared to those without CSPA.

Conclusion

There is an opportunity for DEA-registered pharmacists to meet patient care needs to fill gaps in care from physician shortages, improve health equity, and provide quality healthcare for vulnerable, underserved populations, especially in areas where controlled substance prescribing is common. To fully optimize the role of the pharmacist, it is imperative that state practice acts be expanded to include pharmacist DEA authority as part of collaborative practice and that fair and equitable payment models be established for pharmacist comprehensive medication management.
Evaluation of the Portable Next-Generation VECTRA H2 3D Imaging System for Measuring Upper Eyelid Area and Volume
Authors: Fan Wanlin , Rokohl Alexander C , Maus Julia , Guo Yongwei , Ju Xiaojun , Li Xueting , Wawer Matos Philomena A , Heindl Ludwig M
Published: May 2023

Background

Although a portable 3-dimensional (3D) imaging system has been used for periocular measurement analysis, this system has yet to be tested and validated for periocular area and volume measurements.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to define the upper eyelid and upper eyelid fold region through a modified landmark strategy and validate a portable 3D imaging system for area and volume measurements in this periocular region.

Methods

Eighty-one healthy adult Caucasians underwent 3D facial imaging with the VECTRA M3 (static) and VECTRA H2 (portable) 3D imaging systems (Canfield Scientific, Inc., Parsippany, NJ). Subsequently, the upper eyelid and upper eyelid fold regions were selected according to a modified landmark localization strategy. Direct measurements of area and volume were performed to assess intrarater, interrater, intramethod, and intermethod reliability, and to compare the agreement between the 2 devices.

Results

The VECTRA M3 and H2 showed high reliability on upper eyelid area measurements. Excellent intra-, inter-, and intramethod reliability agreements were observed in intraclass correlation coefficient; very good agreement in intrarater reliability was observed in the relative error of measurement (REM) and relative technical error of measurement (rTEM); and good inter- and intramethod reliability were observed in the REM and rTEM. For area measurement of the upper eyelid fold, the intrarater, interrater, and intramethod reliability of the M3 was lower than that of the H2. Both systems had poor intrarater, interrater, and intramethod reliability for volume measurements in the upper eyelid and upper eyelid fold region.

Conclusions

This new portable 3D imaging system achieved excellent or very good reliability values for standardized direct measurements of the upper eyelid and upper eyelid fold region, although volume measurements seem less reliable.
A Primed Neutrophil Subset Predicts the Risk of Bloodstream Infections in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplant Patients: A Prospective Study
Authors: Elebyary Omnia , Fine Noah , Sun Chunxiang , Saha Sourav T , Robinson Shawn , Mojdami Zahra Dorna , Khoury Nicole , Watson Erin , Coburn Bryan , Lipton Jeffrey H , Glogauer Michael
Published: May 2023

Background

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are the most common infectious complication in patients who receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplants (allo-HSCTs). Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are quantified to monitor the susceptibility to BSIs; however, their degree of activation is not. We previously identified a population of primed PMNs (pPMNs) with distinct markers of activation representing approximately 10% of PMNs in circulation. In this study, we investigate whether susceptibility to BSIs is related to the proportion of pPMNs rather than strictly PMN counts.

Methods

In this prospective observational study, we used flow cytometry to assess pPMNs in blood and oral rinse samples collected from patients receiving an allo-HSCT over the course of their treatment. We used the proportion of pPMNs in the blood on day 5 post-transplant to categorize patients into a high- or a low-pPMN group (>10% or <10% pPMNs). These groups were then used as a predictor of BSIs.

Results

A total of 76 patients were enrolled in the study with 36 in the high-pPMN group and 40 in the low-pPMN group. Patients in the low-pPMN group had lower expression of PMN activation and recruitment markers and displayed a delay in PMN repopulation of the oral cavity after the transplant. These patients were more susceptible to BSIs compared with patients in the high-pPMN group with an odds ratio of 6.5 (95% confidence interval, 2.110–25.07; P = .002).

Conclusions

In patients who receive an allo-HSCT, having <10% pPMNs early in the post-transplant phase can be an independent predictor of BSI in allo-HSCT patients.
Mogamulizumab for Treatment of Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: A Single-Center US-based Series
Authors: Meyerowitz Eric A , Mukerji Shibani S , Kyle Harrold G , Erdil Rachel M , Chen Steven T , Rudmann Emily A , Tsibris Athe , Venna Nagagopal , Robbins Gregory K
Published: May 2023

Background

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic neurological condition characterized by progressive myelopathic symptoms including spasticity, pain, weakness, and urinary symptoms, without proven treatments. Mogamulizumab (MOG) is a monoclonal antibody that binds CCR4 and leads to the clearance of HTLV-1-infected CCR4+ cells. A phase 1-2a study in Japan evaluated MOG for the treatment of HAM/TSP and reported decreases in HTLV-1 proviral load and neuroinflammatory markers, with clinical improvement in some participants.

Methods

We administered MOG 0.1 mg/kg every 8 weeks to individuals with HAM/TSP as a compassionate and palliative treatment. Patients who received MOG had (1) a positive peripheral HTLV-1 antibody, (2) progressive myelopathic symptoms, and (3) a diagnosis of HAM/TSP.

Results

Four female patients, ages 45–68, received MOG (range, 2–6 infusions) between 1 November 2019 and 30 November 2022. Two patients with <3 years of symptoms had milder disease, with Osame scores <4. The other 2, with >7 years of symptoms, had Osame scores >5. One patient, with 6 total treatments, received dose-reduced MOG after she developed a rash at the initial dose. The 2 patients with milder baseline disease reported symptomatic improvement and saw reductions in Osame and/or modified Ashworth scale scores during follow-up. The other 2 patients showed no improvement. All 4 developed rashes after receiving MOG—a treatment-limiting event in some cases.

Conclusions

Clinical trials are needed including diverse patient populations to assess the potential role of MOG for HAM/TSP. Our findings may help inform the development of these trials.
Loss of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase disturbs phytohormone homeostasis and regulates shoot side branching and fruit growth in tomato
Authors: Zuccarelli Rafael , Rodríguez-Ruiz Marta , Silva Fernanda O , Gomes Letícia D L , Lopes-Oliveira Patrícia J , Zsögön Agustin , Andrade Sónia C S , Demarco Diego , Corpas Francisco J , Peres Lázaro E P , Rossi Magdalena , Freschi Luciano
Published: May 2023

S-Nitrosoglutathione plays a central role in nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis, and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) regulates the cellular levels of S-nitrosoglutathione across kingdoms. Here, we investigated the role of endogenous NO in shaping shoot architecture and controlling fruit set and growth in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlGSNOR silencing promoted shoot side branching and led to reduced fruit size, negatively impacting fruit yield. Greatly intensified in slgsnor knockout plants, these phenotypical changes were virtually unaffected by SlGSNOR overexpression. Silencing or knocking out of SlGSNOR intensified protein tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosation and led to aberrant auxin production and signaling in leaf primordia and fruit-setting ovaries, besides restricting the shoot basipetal polar auxin transport stream. SlGSNOR deficiency triggered extensive transcriptional reprogramming at early fruit development, reducing pericarp cell proliferation due to restrictions on auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin production and signaling. Abnormal chloroplast development and carbon metabolism were also detected in early-developing NO-overaccumulating fruits, possibly limiting energy supply and building blocks for fruit growth. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which endogenous NO fine-tunes the delicate hormonal network controlling shoot architecture, fruit set, and post-anthesis fruit development, emphasizing the relevance of NO–auxin interaction for plant development and productivity.
The MAGPI Survey: impact of environment on the total internal mass distribution of galaxies in the last 5 Gyr
Authors: Derkenne Caro , McDermid Richard M , Poci Adriano , Mendel J Trevor , D’Eugenio Francesco , Jeon Seyoung , Remus Rhea-Silvia , Bellstedt Sabine , Battisti Andrew J , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Ferré-Mateu Anna , Foster Caroline , Harborne K E , Lagos Claudia D P , Peng Yingjie , Sharda Piyush , Sharma Gauri , Sweet Sarah , Tran Kim-Vy H , Valenzuela Lucas M , Vaughan Sam , Wisnioski Emily , Yi Sukyoung K
Published: May 2023

We investigate the impact of environment on the internal mass distribution of galaxies using the Middle Ages Galaxy Properties with Integral field spectroscopy (MAGPI) survey. We use 2D resolved stellar kinematics to construct Jeans dynamical models for galaxies at mean redshift z ∼ 0.3, corresponding to a lookback time of 3–4 Gyr. The internal mass distribution for each galaxy is parametrized by the combined mass density slope γ (baryons + dark matter), which is the logarithmic change of density with radius. We use a MAGPI sample of 28 galaxies from low-to-mid density environments and compare to density slopes derived from galaxies in the high density Frontier Fields clusters in the redshift range 0.29 < z < 0.55, corresponding to a lookback time of ∼5 Gyr. We find a median density slope of γ = −2.22 ± 0.05 for the MAGPI sample, which is significantly steeper than the Frontier Fields median slope (γ = −2.00 ± 0.04), implying the cluster galaxies are less centrally concentrated in their mass distribution than MAGPI galaxies. We also compare to the distribution of density slopes from galaxies in ATLAS3D at z ∼ 0, because the sample probes a similar environmental range as MAGPI. The ATLAS3D median total slope is γ = −2.25 ± 0.02, consistent with the MAGPI median. Our results indicate environment plays a role in the internal mass distribution of galaxies, with no evolution of the slope in the last 3–4 Gyr. These results are in agreement with the predictions of cosmological simulations.
On the stunning abundance of super-early, luminous galaxies revealed by JWST
Authors: Ferrara Andrea , Pallottini Andrea , Dayal Pratika
Published: May 2023

The earliest JWST observations have revealed an unexpected abundance of super-early (z > 10), massive ($M_*\, \approx 10^9 {\rm M}_{\odot }$ ) galaxies at the bright-end (MUV ≈ −21) of the ultraviolet luminosity function (UV LF). We present a minimal physical model that explains the observed galaxy abundance at z  = 10–14. The model primarily combines (i) the halo mass function, with (ii) an obscured star formation fraction prescription that is consistent with findings of the ALMA REBELS dusty galaxy survey. It has been successfully tested on well-known UV LFs up to z  = 7. We argue that the weak evolution from z  = 7 to z ≈ 14 of the LF bright-end can arise from a conspiracy between a decreasing dust attenuation, making galaxies brighter, that almost exactly compensates for the increasing shortage of their host halos. Our minimal model naturally reproduces the z  = 10–14 LF if galaxies at $z\lower.5ex\rm{\,\, \buildrel\gt \over \sim \,\,}11$ contain a negligible amounts of dust. We speculate that dust could have been efficiently ejected during the very first phases of galaxy build-up.
A Secondary Analysis of a Preliminary Contingency Management Intervention for Presurgical Cancer Patients: Evaluating Individual Participant Data
Authors: Sanford Brandon T , Toll Benjamin A , Fucito Lisa M , Baker Nathaniel L , Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra , Carpenter Matthew J , Bernstein Steven L , Rojewski Alana M
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Contingency management (CM) interventions deliver monetary reinforcers contingent upon biochemically verified abstinence from smoking. CM has been found to be effective, however, individual participant, analyses are warranted to further elucidate how individual-level behavior patterns vary during the intervention period, both within and across treatment groups.

Aims and Methods

This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled pilot trial of presurgical cancer patients who smoke (RCT N = 40). All participants were current everyday smokers and were enrolled in cessation counseling, offered nicotine replacement therapy, and submitted breath CO testing 3 times per week for 2–5 weeks. Participants randomized to CM received monetary reinforcers for breath CO ≤6 ppm on an escalating schedule of reinforcement with a reset for positive samples. Sufficient breath CO data exist for 28 participants (CM = 14; monitoring only [MO] = 14). Effect size was calculated for differences in negative CO tests. Time to first negative test was tested using survival analysis. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess relapse.

Results

The CM group achieved abstinence more quickly (p < .05), had a lower percentage of positive tests (h = 0.80), and experienced fewer lapses following abstinence (p = .00). While 11 of 14 participants in the CM group achieved and sustained abstinence by their third breath test, this was only true for 2 of the 14 MO participants.

Conclusions

Those in CM achieved abstinence quicker and with fewer lapses than those engaged in MO speaking to the efficacy of the schedule of financial reinforcement. This is particularly important within presurgical populations given the potential benefits to postoperative cardiovascular and wound infection risk.

Implications

While the efficacy of CM as an intervention is well established, this secondary analysis provides insight into the individual behavior patterns underlying successful abstinence. Those assigned to CM were not only more likely to achieve abstinence, but did so more quickly and with fewer instances of relapse. This is of particular importance to those scheduled for surgery where achieving abstinence as early as possible impacts on the risk of postoperative complications. CM interventions may be particularly well suited for critical windows in which timely and sustained abstinence is advantageous.
Indicators of Tobacco Dependence Among Youth: Findings From Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study
Authors: Strong David R , Glasser Allison M , Leas Eric C , Pierce John P , Abrams David B , Hrywna Mary , Hyland Andrew , Cummings K Michael , Hatsukami Dorothy K , Fong Geoffrey T , Elton-Marshall Tara , Sharma Eva , Edwards Kathryn C , Stanton Cassandra A , Sawdey Michael D , Ramôa Carolina P , Silveira Marushka L , Kimmel Heather L , Niaura Raymond S
Published: May 2023

Background

Prior work established a measure of tobacco dependence (TD) among adults that can be used to compare TD across different tobacco products. We extend this approach to develop a common, cross-product metric for TD among youth.

Methods

One thousand one hundred and forty-eight youth aged 12–17 who used a tobacco product in the past 30 days were identified from 13 651 youth respondents in Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Findings

Analyses confirmed a single primary latent construct underlying responses to TD indicators for all mutually exclusive tobacco product user groups. Differential Item Functioning analyses supported the use of 8 of 10 TD indicators for comparisons across groups. With TD levels anchored at 0.0 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.0) among cigarette only (n = 265) use group, mean TD scores were more than a full SD lower for e-cigarette only (n = 150) use group (mean = −1.09; SD = 0.64). Other single product use group (cigar, hookah, pipe, or smokeless; n = 262) on average had lower TD (mean = −0.60; SD = 0.84), and the group with the use of multiple tobacco products (n = 471) experienced similar levels of TD (mean = 0.14; SD = 0.78) as the cigarette only use group. Concurrent validity was established with product use frequency among all user groups. A subset of five TD items comprised a common metric permitting comparisons between youth and adults.

Conclusion

The PATH Study Youth Wave 1 Interview provided psychometrically valid measures of TD that enable future regulatory investigations of TD across tobacco products and comparisons between youth and adult tobacco product use group.

Implications

A measure of tobacco dependence (TD) has been established previously among adults to compare TD across tobacco products. This study established the validity of a similar, cross-product measure of TD among youth. Findings suggest a single latent TD construct underlying this measure, concurrent validity of the scale with product use frequency across different types of tobacco users, and a subset of common items that can be used to compare TD between youth and adults who use tobacco.
Evaluation of peripartum supplementation of methionine hydroxy analogue on beef cow–calf performance
Authors: Redifer Colby A , Loy Daniel D , Youngs Curtis R , Wang Chong , Meyer Allison M , Tucker Heather A , Gunn Patrick J
Published: May 2023

The objective was to evaluate the effects of peripartum supplementation of a methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) to primiparous, spring-calving beef females on dam and progeny performance. Angus heifers (n = 60) were blocked by expected parturition date, stratified by body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS), and randomized to 1 of 15 pens. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: a basal diet supplemented with 0 (M0), 15 (M15), or 30 (M30) g/animal/d of MHA (provided as MFP feed supplement, Novus International Inc., St. Charles, MO). Diets were fed from 45 ± 13 (SD) d pre-calving through 81 ± 13 d postpartum (DPP), after which all cow–calf pairs were managed as a single group on pasture until weaning (199 ± 13 DPP). Dam BW, BCS, and blood samples were taken at 6 predetermined timepoints. Progeny data were collected at birth, 2 intermediate timepoints, and at weaning. Milk samples were collected for composition analysis at 7 ± 2 DPP and at 55 ± 5 DPP. Serial progesterone samples were analyzed to establish resumption of cyclicity, and ultrasonography was performed at 55 ± 5 DPP to evaluate ovarian function. Cows were bred via artificial insemination at 82 ± 13 DPP and subsequently exposed to bulls for a 55-d breeding season. Pen was the experimental unit, and preplanned orthogonal contrasts were tested (linear effect and M0 vs. M15 + M30). Dam BW and BCS were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.29) throughout the study. Week 1 milk fat concentration increased linearly (P = 0.05) and total solids tended to increase linearly (P = 0.07) as MHA increased; however, no other milk components were affected (P ≥ 0.16). Treatment did not affect (P ≥ 0.16) dam reproductive parameters or progeny growth from birth until weaning. Post-calving, circulating methionine equivalents tended to linearly increase (P = 0.10) with increasing MHA supplementation. At breeding, plasma urea N linearly decreased (P = 0.03) with increased supplementation of MHA, and plasma non-esterified fatty acids were less (P = 0.04) in MHA-supplemented dams compared with dams receiving no MHA. Maternal circulating glucose, glutathione peroxidase, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were not affected (P ≥ 0.15) by treatment at any point. These data indicate that peripartum supplementation of MHA may increase milk fat composition shortly after calving, but MHA supplementation did not improve progeny growth or dam reproductive performance in the current study.
Efficacy and Profitability of Fungicides for Managing Frogeye Leaf Spot on Soybean in the United States: A 10-Year Quantitative Summary
Authors: Barro Jhonatan P. , Del Ponte Emerson M. , Allen Tom W. , Bond Jason P. , Faske Travis R. , Hollier Clayton A. , Kandel Yuba R. , Mueller Daren S. , Kelly Heather M. , Kleczewski Nathan M. , Ames Keith A. , Price Paul P. , Sikora Edward J. , Bradley Carl A.
Published: May 2023

Frogeye leaf spot (FLS), caused by Cercospora sojina, is an economically important disease of soybean in the United States. Data from 66 uniform fungicide trials (UFTs) conducted from 2012 to 2021 across eight states (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee) were gathered and analyzed to determine the efficacy and profitability of the following fungicides applied at the beginning pod developmental stage (R3): azoxystrobin + difenoconazole (AZOX + DIFE), difenoconazole + pydiflumetofen (DIFE + PYDI), pyraclostrobin (PYRA), pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad + propiconazole (PYRA + FLUX + PROP), tetraconazole (TTRA), thiophanate-methyl (TMET), thiophanate-methyl + tebuconazole (TMET + TEBU), and trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole (TFLX + PROT). A network meta-analytic model was fitted to the log of the means of FLS severity data and to the nontransformed mean yield for each treatment, including the nontreated. The percent reduction in disease severity (%) and the yield response (kg/ha) relative to the nontreated was the lowest for PYRA (11%; 136 kg/ha) and the greatest for DIFE + PYDI (57%; 441 kg/ha). A significant decline in efficacy over time was detected for PYRA (18 percentage points [p.p.]), TTRA (27 p.p.), AZOX + DIFE (18 p.p.), and TMET + TEBU (19 p.p.) by using year as a continuous covariate in the model. Finally, probabilities of breaking even were the greatest (>65%) for the most effective fungicide DIFE + PYDI and the lowest (<55%) for PYRA. Results of this meta-analysis may be useful to support decisions when planning fungicide programs.
Viability of Moniliophthora roreri on Cocoa Beans Under Microfermentation and Long-Term Survival on Carrier Materials
Authors: da Silva Estrela Junior Ailton , Solís Karina , Sobrinho Catarina Cotrim de Mattos , Garzón Arturo Iván , Peñaherrera Sofia , Vera Danilo I. , Solís Bonilla José Luis , Moraes Willian Bucker , Laranjeira Delson , Gramacho Karina Peres
Published: May 2023

The viability of Moniliophthora roreri inoculum was evaluated during the microfermentation process of diseased and healthy pulp-seed masses and on a range of carrier materials: aluminum, cloth, glass, paper, plastic, raffia, and rubber tire. Fungal survival was assessed before the microfermentation (0 h) and every 24 to 96 h by the growth of colonies in potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) and sporulation in seed shells. Colonies of M. roreri and sporulation on seed shells were observed from seeds not submitted to microfermentation. No growth was recovered from diseased cocoa beans after 48 h under the microfermentation. The viability of M. roreri spores recovered from carrier materials was evaluated at 7, 15, 30, 45, and 100 days after inoculation (DAI) by collecting spores and plating them on Sabouraud dextrose yeast extract agar amended with chloramphenicol (50 mg l1). The viability was determined by counting germinated and ungerminated spores under a light microscope (40×) after incubating in a moist chamber at 26 ± 2°C for 72 h. Spores maintained long-term viability on all tested carrier materials toward the end of the experiment (overall 26%) with significant differences (<0.05) among them. Maximum spore viability occurred at 7 and 15 DAI, with cloth and plastic carrier materials considered at high risk of acting as vehicles for the fungal spread. Mathematical models of spore viability over time were fit to the data using the Bayesian information criterion. Findings confirmed the importance of the fermentation process to hamper M. roreri growth and the potential of carrier materials for fungal dispersal.
Incivility in the Online and Hybrid Learning Environment During the COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Pool Natalie , McNeill Jeanette , Dunemn Kathleen N. , Einhellig Katrina , Koithan Mary S.
Published: May 2023

With the surge in online learning since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, fostering civil behavior in this environment is essential. This mixed-methods study examined online incivility among faculty and students at two schools of nursing using a quantitative survey instrument with several open-ended questions addressing the impact of the pandemic. Survey results suggested that faculty (n = 23) and students (n = 74) experienced a low frequency of online incivility that remained potentially disruptive. Qualitative analyses suggested that the pandemic placed considerable strain on nursing faculty and students while providing increased flexibility for working and learning.
Improving Patient Safety
Authors: Farrell Kathryn , Murphy Jackie
Published: May 2023

Medical errors and near-miss events continue to impact hundreds of thousands of people annually. Given this fact, it is imperative that graduate students entering a career in patient safety are confident and competent in conducting root cause analyses so that they can fix broken systems and improve patient outcomes. Using Bruner’s theory of constructivism as a framework, a virtual simulation was developed to provide online graduate nursing students an opportunity to apply classroom knowledge of root cause analyses in a virtual real-world online simulation.
Surgical correction of cubitus varus in children with a lateral closing-wedge osteotomy: a comparison between two different techniques
Authors: Masquijo Javier , Artigas Cristian , Hernández Bueno Juan Carlos , Sepúlveda Matías , Soni Jamil , Valenza Weverley , Fazal Faris , Shah Apurva S
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The primary objective of the present study is to compare the radiographic outcomes and complications of two different techniques for lateral closing-wedge osteotomy in pediatric patients with cubitus varus.

Methods

We retrospectively identified patients treated at five tertiary care institutions: 17 underwent the Kirschner-wire (KW) technique, and 15 patients were treated with the mini external fixator (MEF) technique. Demographic data, previous treatment, pre- and postoperative carrying angle (CA), complications and additional procedures were recorded. Radiographic evaluation included assessment of the humerus-elbow-wrist angle (HEW), and the lateral prominence index (LPI).

Results

Patients treated with both KW and MEF achieved significant improvements in clinical alignment (mean pre-op CA –16 ± 6.1 degrees to mean post-op 8.9 ± 5.3 degrees, P < 0.001). There were no differences in final radiographic alignment or radiographic union time; however, time to achieve full elbow motion was faster in the MEF group (13.6 versus 34.3 weeks, P = 0.4547). Two patients (11.8%) in the KW group experienced complications, including one superficial infection and one failed correction that required unplanned revision surgery. Eleven patients in the MEF group underwent a planned second surgical procedure for hardware removal.

Conclusions

Both fixation techniques are effective at correcting cubitus varus in the pediatric population. The MEF technique may have the advantage of shorter recovery of elbow range of motion but may require sedation for hardware removal. The KW technique may present a slightly higher complication rate.