bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Cancer Patient Decision-Making and Health Service Utilization after Enforcement of the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision-Making Act in Korea
Authors: Kim Dalyong , Yoo Shin Hye , Seo Seyoung , Lee Hyun Jung , Kim Min Sun , Shin Sung Joon , Lim Chi-Yeon , Kim Do Yeun , Heo Dae Seog , Lim Chae-Man
Published: April 2021

Purpose This study aimed to confirm the decision-making patterns for life-sustaining treatment (LST) and analyze medical service utilization changes after enforcement of the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision-Making Act.Materials and Methods Of 1,237 patients who completed legal forms for life-sustaining treatment (hereafter called the LST form) at three academic hospitals and died at the same institutions, 1,018 cancer patients were included. Medical service utilization and costs were analyzed using claims data.Results The median time to death from completion of the LST form was three days (range, 0 to 248 days). Of these, 517 people died within two days of completing the document, and 36.1% of all patients prepared the LST form themselves. The frequency of use of the intensive care unit, continuous renal replacement therapy, and mechanical ventilation was significantly higher when the families filled out the form without knowing the patient’s intention. In the top 10% of the medical expense groups, the decision-makers for LST were family members rather than patients (28% patients vs. 32% family members who knew and 40% family members who did not know the patient’s intention).Conclusion The cancer patient’s own decision-making rather than the family’s decision was associated with earlier decision-making, less use of some critical treatments (except chemotherapy) and expensive evaluations, and a trend toward lower medical costs.
Cyclone Idai as a Trigger for Pellagra Outbreak in Nhamatanda, Mozambique: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Mugabe Vánio André , Mahumane Arlete , Semá Baltazar Cynthia , Rossetto Érika Valeska , Nhabomba Crescêncio Sequeira , Fataha Neusa , Nyamula Unicia , Sotomane Angélica , Irugula Wilson , Canze Benigno , Inlamea Osvaldo Frederico , Kitron Uriel , Ribeiro Guilherme Sousa , Samo Gudo Eduardo
Published: April 2021

In mid-June 2019, 3 months after cyclone Idai landfall in Mozambique, health authorities of Nhamatanda district reported an outbreak of Pellagra. Applying a mixed-method protocol, we carried out an investigation to characterize cases of pellagra, identify the associated factors for the outbreak using a case–control study, and explore the perceived impact on food security (availability, access, and usage) before and after Idai. We collected data from 121 cases and 121 controls and conducted in-depth interviews with 69 heads of households. The cases were more likely to be female (P < 0.01) and less educated (P < 0.01) than controls. Insufficient consumption of chicken and peanut before cyclone Idai arrival were statistically associated with pellagra (P < 0.05). From interviewed households’ heads, 51% were experiencing food shortages even before the cyclone hit. Cyclone Idai served as a trigger to reduce niacin consumption below the threshold that protected Nhamatanda population from pellagra and caused a ≈2,300 case (707.9/100,000 inhabitants) outbreak.
Candidatus Dirofilaria Hongkongensis Infections in Humans During 2005 to 2020, in Kerala, India
Authors: Kumar Anil , Sreedhar Ani , Biswas Lalitha , Prabhat Sarga , Suresh Parasmal , Asokan Anisha , Tomy Rita Mary , Vinod Vivek , Lakshmanan Bindu , Nambiar Ajit , Biswas Raja
Published: April 2021

We tried to determine the epidemiology and species of human dirofilariasis observed at two tertiary care hospitals in Kerala. We searched the hospital database to identify cases of dirofilariosis from January 2005 to March 2020. Along with human isolates, one dog Dirofilaria isolate was also subjected to PCR and sequencing of pan filarial primers cytochrome oxidase subunits 1 and 12S rDNA. We documented 78 cases of human dirofilariosis. The orbit, eyelid, and conjunctiva were the most commonly affected sites. Molecular characterization identified one dog and five human isolates as Candidatus Dirofilaria Hongkongensis. A rare case of subconjunctival infestation by B. malayi was also documented. Human dirofilariosis is a public health problem in the state of Kerala in India, and it is mostly caused by Candidatus Dirofilaria Hongkongensis. We propose that all diroifilaria isolates are subjected to sequencing for identification.
Use Cases for Wireless Charging Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles
Authors:   Hybrid - EV Committee
Published: April 2021

This SAE Information Report SAE J2836/6 establishes use cases for communication between plug-in electric vehicles and the EVSE for wireless energy transfer as specified in SAE J2954. It addresses the requirements for communications between the on-board charging system and the wireless EV supply equipment (WEVSE) in support of detection of the WEVSE, the charging process, and monitoring of the charging process.

Since the communication to the charging infrastructure and the power grid for smart charging will also be communicated by the WEVSE to the EV over the wireless interface, these requirements are also covered. However, the processes and procedures are expected to be identical to those specified for V2G communications specified in SAE J2836/1.

Where relevant, the specification notes interactions that may be required between the vehicle and vehicle operator, but does not formally specify them. Similarly, communications between the on-board charging sub-system and the on-board vehicle electronics is not formally specified in this document.

This document will be published as a set of steps. The intent of step 1 was to record as much information on “what we think works” and publish. The intent of step 2 is to provide refinement and missing pieces to step 1, with a an eye to early testing.

This version is step 2, with the aim of providing a communication protocol for home chargers.
Influence of maternal pelvis height and other anthropometric measurements on the duration of normal childbirth in Ugandan mothers
Authors: Munabi Ian G , Luboga Samuel Abilemech , Byamugisha Josaphat , Luboobi Livingstone , Mirembe Florence
Published: April 2021

In low resource settings, maternal anthropometry may complicate time based  monitoring of childbirth. We set out to determine the effect of maternal  anthropometry and foetal birth weight on the duration of childbirth. Birth related secondary data from 987 mothers with pregnancies of ≥ 37 weeks, singleton baby and a normal childbirth were obtained. This data was analysed for regression coefficients and Interclass correlations coefficients (ICCs). The mean duration of childbirth was 7.63hours. Each centimetre increase in maternal pelvis height led to a 0.56hours increase for the first stage (P<0.01), 0.05hours reduction for second stage (P<0.01), and 0.46hours increase in total duration of childbirth (p<0.01). For each centimeter increase in maternal height there was a 0.04hours reduction in the first stage (P=0.01) and a 0.005hours increase in second stage (P=0.03). The ICCs with respect to geographical site were 0.40 for stage 1, 0.27 for stage 2 and 0.21 for stage 3. Additional modeling with tribe of mother did not change the ICCs. Maternal pelvis height and maternal height were found to have a significant effect on the duration of the different stages of normal childbirth. Additional study is needed into the public health value of the above measurements in relation to childbirth in these settings.Key words: Humans; anthropometry; childbirth; pelvis height;
Effects of electromagnetic radiations on the male reproductive system
Authors: Adah A.S. , Adah D.I. , Biobaku K.T. , Adeyemi A.B.
Published: April 2021

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitting from the natural environment, as well as from the use of industrial and everyday appliances, constantly influences the body of the animal. It is expected that the interactions between electromagnetic radiation and the living organism would depend on the amount and parameters of the transmitted energy and type of tissue exposed. Electromagnetic waves exert an influence on the male reproductive system causing spermatozoa to have decreased motility, morphometric abnormalities, increased peroxidation due to oxidative stress, histological aberrations in the testes and in some cases atrophy of the testicular tissue. This review presents from literature some of effects of electromagnetic radiations on the male reproductive system.Keywords: Electromagnetic Radiations, Male Reproductive System, Animals, Humans
Plastination: a novel approach to cadavar scarcity in Nigeria
Authors: Oyewopo A.A. , Adeleke O.S. , Tokunbo O.S. , Falana B.A. , Johnson O
Published: April 2021

Cadaveric dissection has always been an integral part of medical education being used for teaching Anatomy, Surgery, Pathology, Radiology, Medical and Biomedical Research in Nigeria higher institutions of learning. However, it is undeniable that Nigeria Universities had been facing a lot of challenges in acquiring cadavers. In view of this scarcity of bodies, organs and tissues for studies, teaching and research, newer techniques of preserving biological tissues for long duration such as plastination is important. Thus, this review elaborates and identifies problems in cadaver acquisition in Nigeria, suggests better preservative technique of cadaver and identifies possible limitations to the practice of the suggested technique and proper possible solutions to the limitations.Keywords: Plastination, Cadaver, Anatomy, Preservative
Anatomical variations of superficial veins pattern in Cubital fossa among north west Ethiopians
Authors: Bekel Abebe Ayalew , Bekalu Assegedech Bekele , Moges Abebe Muche , Gebretsadik Mueez Abraha
Published: April 2021

No Abstract.
Regional differences in the cellularity and vascularity of the patellar tendon
Authors: Wambua Brian , Awori Kirsteen , Kigera James , Ongeti Kevin , Olabu Beda
Published: April 2021

The patellar tendon (PT) attaches to the apex of the patella and  tibial tuberosity. Its response to tensile forces is influenced by the distribution of fibroblasts and its vascularity. The vascularity and distribution of fibroblasts influence the tendons ability to repair microtears. Microtears of the PT result in patellar tendinopathy. There is however, paucity of data on the regional distribution of vascular and cellular elements in the PT which might explain why microtears occur in the posterior-proximal third. One hundred and two pairs of patellar tendons were obtained from postmortem  specimens. Sections from the proximal, middle and distal third from the anterior and posterior lamina of 20 pairs of the patellar tendon (10 male, 10 female) were processed for microscopy to demonstrate the cellularity and vascularity of the tendon. The vascularity was highest in the middle third of the anterior lamina. The posterior lamina of the tendon was less vascular than the anterior lamina. The posterior lamina was more cellular than the anterior with the proximal third showing the highest number of nuclei. These findings indicate that the pre-patellar genicular anastomosis contributes significantly to the vascularity of the anterior lamina while the anastomosis located in Hoffa’s fat pad may be less rich and thus resulting in lower vascularity for the posterior lamina. Lower vascularity implies less healing ability after microtears. Therefore, orthopedic surgeons should be aware of this precarious pattern of vascularity to the posterior lamina. The posterior lamina’s high cellularity especially in the proximal third indicates that it may experience greater stress and via  durotaxis more fibroblasts migrate to that region to produce more collagen fibers for resilience. The greater tensile stress  experienced by the posterior-proximal third and its lower  vascularity may explain why it is most susceptible to microtears.Key words: Patella tendon, regional differences, cellularity, vascularity, patella tendinopathy
Cholecalciferol attenuates induced Parkinson’s like-disease variation and cellular morphology of striatum and substantial Nigra
Authors: Adekeye A.O. , Adefule A.K. , Shallie P , Akpan H.B. , Adekomi D.A.
Published: April 2021

Parkinson’s disease is the commonest motor neurodegenerative disorder which affects the dopaminergic neurons and causes significant loss of dopamine. 1-methyl 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a selective neurotoxin in the nigrostriatal pathway leading to this motor disorder. Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) has been described as an active neurosteriod with antioxidant properties ubiquitously present in the brain. The study hypothesized that stimulation of vitamin D receptor by cholecalciferol could reduce autophagic cell death and degeneration following a state of drug induced parkinsonism in mice. The aim of the research was to observe the cytoarchitectural, histochemical, neurobehavioural and immunohistochemical effects of cholecalciferol on striatum and substantia nigra in mice model of MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease. Fifty adult male C57BL/6J mice weighing about 25-35g were randomly selected and assigned into 5 groups for this study. The mice were then subjected to neurobehavioural, neurochemical and neuropathological evaluations. The results obtained showed a significant reduction (*p<0.05) in the estimated markers of oxidative stress with high dose of vitamin D3 following MPTP induction. There was also statistical significant reduction (**p<0.01, ***p<0.001) in the expression of GFAP-immuno-positive cells in the substantia nigra of the experimental mice when compared with the control group. It can be inferred that the administration of Vitamin D3 was associated with significant attenuation of focal effects linked with MPTP in mice model of Parkinson’s Disease.Keywords: Aging, Neurodegeneration, Dopaminergic neuron, Vitamin D3, Environmental toxins
Reappraisal of the anatomy of the accessory internal thoracic artery
Authors: Schickerling Jacomay Aletta , Van Niekerk Kathleen , Wessels Quenton , Du Plessis Adéle
Published: April 2021

The accessory internal thoracic artery (AITA) is a variably large branch of the initial portion of the internal thoracic artery (ITA). The AITA has been neglected as an important anatomical structure and has been identified as the culprit for the “steal-syndrome” of coronary blood flow after the use of the ITA in coronary artery revascularisation. A cadaveric study of 50 cadavers was performed to investigate the occurrence of the AITA. We found 10 (20%) out of the 50 cadavers examined, presented with AITAs either bilaterally (4%) or unilaterally (16%). Five of the eight unilateral specimens showed a left-sided appearance of the AITA. Fourteen percent of the AITAs were found in cadavers of Mixed-race (Coloured) and 6% in individuals of African descent. Knowledge of the AITA is essential for any thoracic surgeon, during the preparation of the ITA for coronary revascularisation. Data from this study supports the notion that the AITA is a highly variable structure with little correlates based on ethnicity. The AITA appear to be found more often on the left in unilateral specimens.Key Words: Accessory, Internal Thoracic artery
Retracted: Morphometric study of cephalo-facial indices among Bini children in southern Nigeria
Authors: Omotoso D.R. , Olanrewaju A.J. , Okwuonu U.C. , Adagboyin O , Bienonwu E.O.
Published: April 2021

This article has been retracted by the Editor.Cephalometry is an important branch of anthropometry which involves the morphological study of structures present in the human head or scientific measurement of the dimensions of the head. Some of the most important cephalometric parameters include the length/height and breadth/width of the head, the face and the nose as well as their respective indices. These cephalometric parameters are vital in the description of variation which is a common phenomenon that characterizes human physiognomy. They are also useful in the description of human inter-racial and intra-racial similarities both within and across gender. This study involved 450 Bini children (235 males and 215 females) between ages 5-12 years. The length and width of the head and face of each subject was measured between the appropriate anatomical landmarks using spreading and sliding calipers. The measurements were used to calculate the cephalic and facial indices for each subject. The result showed sexual variation in both cephalic and facial indices among the Bini children with the males having higher values than the females. Also, the result of this study showed that prevalence of brachycephalic head type among both male (51.1%) and female (49.8%) Bini children. The mesoproscopic face type was the most prevalent face type among both male (62.6%) and female (47.4%) Bini children. The cephalo-facial indices are vital in demonstrating similarity and variation in physical morphologies of individuals or group of people of different ethnicity, races, gender and geographical locations.Keywords: Cephalometry, Cephalic index, facial index, Bini children, Nigeria
Morphometric study of cephalo-facial indices among Bini children in southern Nigeria
Authors: Omotoso D.R. , Olanrewaju A.J. , Okwuonu U.C. , Adagboyin O. , Bienonwu E.O.
Published: April 2021

Cephalometry is an important branch of anthropometry which involves the morphological study of structures present in the human head or scientific measurement of the dimensions of the head. Some of the most important cephalometric parameters include the length/height and breadth/width of the head, the face and the nose as well as their respective indices. These cephalometric parameters are vital in the description of variation which is a common phenomenon that characterizes human physiognomy. They are also useful in the description of human inter-racial and intra-racial  similarities both within and across gender. This study involved 450 Bini children (235 males and 215 females) between ages 5-12 years. The length and width of the head and face of each subject was measured between the appropriate anatomical landmarks using spreading and sliding calipers. The measurements were used to calculate the cephalic and facial indices for each subject. The result showed sexual variation in both cephalic and facial indices among the Bini children with the males having higher values than the females. Also, the result of this study showed that prevalence of brachycephalic head type among both male (51.1%) and female (49.8%) Bini children. The mesoproscopic face type was the most prevalent face type among both male (62.6%) and female (47.4%) Bini children. The cephalo-facial indices are vital in demonstrating similarity and variation in physical morphologies of individuals or group of people of different ethnicity, races, gender and geographical locations. Keywords: Cephalometry, Cephalic index, facial index, Bini children, Nigeria
Protective effects of Celosia argentea Linn. Vitamin E and dexamethasone on radiation-induced damage on the developing rat cerebellum
Authors: Kanu Love Chioma , Owoeye Olatunde , Imosemi Innocent Ohiorenuan , Malomo Adelofolarin Obanishola
Published: April 2021

The potential neuroprotective effect of aqueous extract of Celosia argentea Linn (AECA), Vitamin E (Vit E) and Dexamethasone (Dexa) on radiation-induced damage on the developing rat cerebellum was studied. Forty-two female rats weighing between 147 g and 222 g were randomized into six groups (N=7). Control group – Group I, Irrad group – Group II, AECA group – Group III, AECA + Irrad group – Group IV, Vit E + Irrad group – Group V and Dexa+ Irrad group – Group VI. Rats were mated and pregnant rats were exposed to 2.5 Gy gamma radiation on gestation day 7. The administration of 400 mg/kg of AECA, 500 mg/kg of Vit E and 0.005 ml/rat of Dexa started from gestation day 1 till postnatal day 28. Postpartum, 5 pups from each group were exposed to behavioural and biochemical tests and then sacrificed. Brain tissue fixed in 10% formalin, processed by paraffin wax method was stained with H&E and Cresyl violet stains for histology. Radiation significantly (p<0.05) reduced gross, behavioural, histological and histomorphometric parameters, while eliciting oxidative stress relative to control group on post-natal days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Treatment with AECA, Vit E and Dexa with radiation significantly (p<0.05) reduced most of the alterations induced by radiation in the various parameters. This study confirmed development of oxidative stress in rat pups using single dose 2.5 Gy gamma-irradiation. The antioxidant properties of AECA and Vit E and the anti-inflammatory property of Dexa were able to mitigate the alterations in the developing rat brain parameters.Key words: Gamma-radiation, neuroprotective, plant products, rat brain.
Anatomical variations of the superior cerebellar artery: A cadaveric study at the University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Banda Mickey , Hachabizwa Caswell , Hainza Joseph , Mutemwa Sikhanyiso , Erzingastian Krikor
Published: April 2021

The superior cerebellar artery usually arises from the terminal end of the basilar artery. It may also originate from the posterior cerebral artery and or from a common trunk with the posterior cerebral artery. The anatomical variations of superior cerebellar artery show ethnic differences, but there are few reports on African populations in particular none from Zambia. Variations of the superior cerebellar artery might cause compression symptoms of cranial nerves III, IV and V. Furthermore, the presence of such variations has been considered to be a factor in the aetiology of  aneurysms and thrombus formation leading to cerebellar infarcts. The objectives of the study were to explore anatomical variations on the origin of the superior cerebellar artery; to measure the outer diameter at its origin and the length of superior cerebellar artery to its first bifurcation; to establish the presence of duplication , triplication , hypoplasia , agenesis , fenestration and any other anomalies that were detectable. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 46 post-mortem human cadaveric brains were systematically sampled. A total of 113 superior cerebellar arteries were identified in 42 male and four female cadavers of age ranging between 18 and 65 years (mean 34.05±9.237mm). Superior cerebellar artery arose from the basilar artery as a single vessel in 49.5%, the common trunk arose in 6.2% and posterior cerebral artery origin was seen in 5.7%. Overall duplication of the superior cerebellar artery was seen in 35.5% and triplication in 5.3%. Nineteen (16.8%) of the superior cerebellar arteries were hypoplastic (less than 1mm) and ninety-four (83.2%) were normal. The diameter of the superior cerebellar artery at its origin ranged 0.25mm to 2.48mm (mean 1.42±0.54mm). The length of the superior cerebellar artery to its first bifurcation ranged from 3.77mm to 33.53mm (mean 21.92±7.40mm). Statistically, gender had no significant association of superior cerebellar artery variations (p>0.05). This knowledge will improvediagnosis and management of patients with vascular disorders of the posterior circulation. The newly identified patterns could be a contribution to the SCA classification system.

Key words: Superior cerebellar artery, duplication, triplication and hypoplasia
A rare saccular aneurysm in cadaveric aortic arch: A case report
Authors: Amalraj Julie Christy , Panwar Rajeev
Published: April 2021

Aneurysm is the swelling like enlargement present in the walls of the blood vessels. Saccular aneurysm is a rare entity when compared to fusiform aneurysm. Saccular aneurysm in the aortic arch is another rare location. We present a cadaveric case of a 55-year-old male cadaver in which saccular aneurysm was observed during routine dissection teaching for undergraduate students. The lesion was resected and sent for microscopic analysis. The lesion involved the vessel wall only. There were blood clots evident. This report presents the cadaveric presentation and histolopathological findings of the lesion.

Key words: Aneurysm, saccular aneurysm, aortic arch
Elucidating the mechanism of cellular uptake of fullerene nanoparticles
Authors: Ha Yeonjeong , Wang Xianzhe , Liljestrand Howard M. , Maynard Jennifer A. , Katz Lynn E.
Published: April 2021

Understanding the molecular interactions between biological cells and engineered nanoparticles is a key to evaluating potential toxicities to humans and the environment. This study developed a method to determine the mechanisms by which fullerene aggregates are distributed into a representative cell line, human intestinal Caco-2 cells. First, we determined that the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the cell culture media changes the particle characteristics and inhibits particle adsorptions onto cell surfaces. Second, significantly lower amounts of fullerene were internalized at 4°C, a temperature at which active transport mechanisms are effectively impeded, than at 37°C. Third, metabolic inhibitors of active transport and a microtubule transport inhibitor decreased fullerene uptake at 37°C. Fourth, cellular uptake of fullerene increased with increasing fullerene concentration, suggesting that passive diffusion into lipid membranes contributed to uptake over the broad concentration range used in this study. Together, these results indicate fullerene transport into cells occurs via two mechanisms: passive diffusion across the lipid bilayer and active transport including microtubule involved endocytosis. The results also suggest that simple physical-chemical partitioning models do not fully describe fullerene uptake, and instead, active transport models are also required to estimate the cellular uptake and toxicity of fullerene.
Neurociencia: Epigenética del cáncer y su relación con las emociones
Authors: Abanto-Reyes Verónica , Chalan-Azabache Lourdes , Linares-Navarro Fiorella
Published: April 2021

El presente ensayo científico tuvo por objetivo presentar en forma simple la epigenética del cáncer y su estrecha relación con las emociones. La epigenética son todos aquellos mecanismos celulares que permiten explicar por qué somos como somos, la relación con las enfermedades físicas. Además, resalta la relación de la epigenética, en las infecciones en etapas tempranas de la vida. Es indagar acerca de las terapias más eficaces para tratar la enfermedad del cáncer y su relación con la epigenética. A pesar del creciente conocimiento sobre las bases moleculares del cáncer, el progreso en relación al tratamiento y la existencia de diferentes técnicas que tratan de abordar esta patología es aún insuficiente. Es necesario realizar investigaciones acerca de la relación fisiológica entre las de emociones crónicas negativas y el cáncer. Estudios sobre del cerebro y el ARNm y su relación con las emociones positivas. Se concluye que la epigenética cumple un rol importante en actividad transcripcional de los genes, las cuales son estables en las siguientes generaciones y las enfermedades están relacionadas con nuestras emociones, por lo tanto, el cáncer es multifactorial y las emociones pueden ayudar a comprender y a curar la enfermedad.
Bilimsel Araştırmalarda Etik Dışı Davranışların Nedenleri ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: IŞIK ÖNER Ayşe , YILDIZ Kadriye
Published: April 2021

Bilim bilinmeyene ulaşma arzusu ile ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bilgiye ulaşmayı gerçekleştiren bilim insanı ve sahip olduğu özellikler bilimsel süreç için önem arz etmektedir. Bilim insanın sahip olduğu bu özellikler bilimsel araştırma sürecini etkilemekte olup araştırma verilerine ve sonuçlarına yansımaktadır. Bu bakımdan bilim insanın hem bireysel olarak hem de araştırma sürecinde etik değerlere sahip olması gerekmektedir. Bu değerler bilimsel araştırmalarda bilim etiği kuralları olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma bilimsel makalelerin oluşturulması, gözden geçirilmesi ve yayınlanması sırasında karşılaşılan etik dışı davranış türlerini ve nedenlerini irdelemektedir. Çalışmada bilim ve bilimin önemi ele alınarak bilim insanının sahip olması gereken özellikler belirtilmektedir. Bilim ve etik arasındaki ilişki irdelenerek bilim etiği hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. Bilimsel araştırma sürecinde bilim etiğine aykırı olan etik dışı davranış türleri ve nedenleri belirtilerek çözüm önerileri getirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Costeo por órdenes de producción para la fabricación de escaleras de aluminio y su incidencia en la determinación de precios.
Authors: Mora Rodríguez Damariz , Tapia Bolaños Paulina , García Zambrano Ximena
Published: April 2021

El sistema de costos por órdenes de producción, busca tecnificar el cálculo de los costos incurridos en la elaboración de escaleras de aluminio de una empresa perteneciente a la industria manufacturera ecuatoriana. A través de esto, se logrará obtener costos más exactos, que permitan determinar precios que garanticen un margen de utilidad adecuado; para la sostenibilidad de la empresa en el mercado. En la determinación de costos se debe considerar todos los elementos relacionados con este concepto; para lo cual, el diseño de un sistema de costos por órdenes de producción representa una vía favorable, siendo este el modelo aplicado para estructurar un sistema de costos en la empresa en estudio. Como metodología para el desarrollo de la investigación se empleó el enfoque mixto y diseño no experimental con un tipo de investigación descriptiva. Por otra parte, para determinar la incidencia de dichos costos en la determinación de precios, se aplicó el modelo del costo total; ya que, este toma en cuenta los costos de producción y los costos del periodo en los cuales se ha incurrido.  Se obtuvo como resultado un costo subvalorado de las escaleras, lo que conllevó a una reducción de la utilidad de aproximadamente un 70%; por lo cual, se evidencia que los costos no eran establecidos de forma idónea.
Estudio de tendencias y herramientas metodológicas para el desarrollo de software en Guayaquil
Authors: Vivas Flores Isaías David , Salvador Herrera Andree Hector
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo científico tuvo como objetivo general realizar un estudio de las herramientas metodológicas y prácticas que utilizan las empresas desarrolladoras de software en Guayaquil, para lograr el cumplimiento de estos, se utilizaron los datos obtenidos de otros artículos científicos publicados y encuestas realizadas a diferentes empresas en la ciudad de Guayaquil para comprender las tendencias, frecuencia o preferencias de las empresas desarrolladoras sobre herramientas o métodos de desarrollo de software. Análisis de documentos, como libros, revistas científicas o artículos. Es necesario asegurar la satisfacción del cliente es otro factor importante, ya que esto crea posibilidades futuras de trabajar con el mismo cliente y / o recomendaciones con otros. Del mismo modo, comprender las necesidades del cliente es fundamental. Antes de comenzar a trabajar con el cliente, es importante que el equipo de desarrollo comprenda los requisitos del producto de software. Basado en el análisis de estudios primarios, se revela que las metodologías ágiles y Lean Startup son los métodos populares de desarrollo de software utilizados por las nuevas empresas de software. Finalmente, se concluye que los estudios han demostrado que hay poca información sobre las prácticas de desarrollo de software. Las prácticas de ingeniería en las nuevas empresas no están completamente exploradas.
A vitória do herói: considerações interpretativas da narrativa da tentação de Jesus em Lucas 4.1-11a
Authors: Jubim Amós , Do Espírito Santo Magno Lessa , Dos Santos Júnior Paulo Jonas
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a narrativa de Lucas 4.1-11a na qual Jesus aparece como o herói que vence imbuído do poder do Espírito Santo. Além do texto em destaque, a narrativa do evangelho apresenta uma rica beleza literária, indicando a brilhante capacidade do autor de apresentar uma história, além da destreza de um historiador na apuração dos fatos (ele não foi uma testemunha ocular). Como o texto em análise, demarca um fato acontecido no ministério de Jesus de grande importante, visto que, a narrativa, com algumas alterações, aparece também em Mateus e Marcos. Diante disso, faz se necessário investiga-lo a fim de compreender o propósito por detrás da narrativa. Em Lucas Jesus é o herói que se entrega para o sacrifício a fim de salvar o que estava perdido. O presente artigo usou como metodologia a revisão da literatura disponível sobre o assunto.
Níveis de religiosidade e espiritualidade de adolescentes e jovens seminaristas
Authors: Alexandre de Sousa Marcel Alcleante , Josefa Diniz Elenilze
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar as características psicométricas da versão em português da Escala de Religiosidade DUREL em um grupo de seminaristas. Método: Foi um estudo de caso, observacional, quantitativo com validade de construto convergente analisada pela correlação da Escala de Medida de Sentimento de Religiosidade. O teste de escala de DUREL teve alta consistência interna, em outras áreas de conhecimento, com concordância entre o teste e reteste; as validades de critério e construto, confirmadas pelas correlações estatisticamente significativas. Resultados: As análises quanto aos itens da Escala DUREL apresentam resultados positivos quanto ao nível de saúde religiosa dos jovens em análise. Os resultados demonstrados nas categorias analisadas apresentam resultados acima de 60 % acima da minoria, 20 %. Conclusão: Os adolescentes e jovens em processo formativo chegam ao seminário sem noção acerca da saúde espiritual. Sabe-se que a saúde de um seminarista resulta em um presbítero saudável.
Conhecer e praticar a Doutrina Social da Igreja, em tempos de obscurantismo.
Authors: Alves Antônio Aparecido
Published: April 2021

A Doutrina social da Igreja nasceu como resposta ética aos desafios da Revolução industrial, iluminando a chamada questão social. Para este momento histórico, foram importantes os ensinamentos sobre trabalho, salário, Estado, entre outros temas, contemplados nas Encíclicas sociais dos Papas Leão XIII e Pio XI, a Rerum Novarum (1891) e a Quadragesimo Anno (1931), respectivamente. A sociedade brasileira, desde as eleições 2018, vive em uma polarização ideológica, que perturba a convivência social e desnorteia os cidadãos, especialmente os cristãos. Algumas questões, como o comunismo, Democracia e instituições da República, entre outros, desafiam a uma correta interpretação, pois são compreendidas de forma equivocada. Urge visitar o patrimônio da Doutrina social da Igreja, para buscar as balizas corretas, a fim de orientar hoje a prática dos cristãos.
A contribuição do Papa Francisco à Doutrina Social da Igreja: um percurso de posicionamentos sócio político-econômico
Authors: Dal Bo Maccari Vilmar
Published: April 2021

Resumo: O Papa Francisco tem insistido, em seu pontificado, coerente com seu testemunho de vida, na prática de um modelo eclesiológico que lança a Igreja para fora de si mesma e supera a lógica de uma Igreja autorreferenciada. A Igreja em saída, base programática do pontificado de Francisco, é aquela que vai em direção ao mundo e às pessoas, particularmente, aos mais fragilizados e vulneráveis. O conceito de Igreja em saída, explicitado na Exortação Apostólica Evangelli Gaudium, deu-nos o significado teológico, pastoral, espiritual e social do pontificado do Papa Francisco. As subsequentes Cartas Encíclicas, Laudato Si’ e Fratelli Tutti inserem-se no conjunto de Encíclicas Sociais do Magistério da Igreja Católica. O pontificado do Papa Francisco reafirma a preocupação da Igreja pelo social e impulsiona o compromisso sociopolítico-econômico do cristão no mundo, abrindo novos caminhos de reflexão ― teológicos, filosóficos e pastorais ― para a Doutrina Social da Igreja, tais como a cultura do cuidado, o imperativo da misericórdia, e a fraternidade universal.
A formação da consciência em uma cultura de “sujeitos bolhas” cristãos. Uma análise ético-teológica propositiva a partir da moral social do Papa Francisco
Authors: Boccato de Almeida André Luiz , Ferreira Lúcia Eliza , Melo Aloisio
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tratará acerca do tema da consciência do cristão no contexto conhecido de novos “sujeitos bolhas” e os impactos na moral social. Deste tema geral, pretender-se-á analisar o impacto, os desafios e reflexões no horizonte da vida cristã. No atual contexto cultural e civilizacional muitos desafios se impõem à consciência cristã. Desde questões de teor político, econômico, até o da manipulação e instrumentalização de notícias e informações que podem ‘deformar’ a pessoa e a sua dignidade. Encontramo-nos hoje numa passagem de perspectiva de convivência social onde se insiste mais na realização humana a partir do critério narcísico e da própria verdade, em detrimento da longa tradição que insistia no cultivo da fraternidade, da solidariedade e amizade social. Aparece, portanto, essa nova denominação de “sujeitos bolhas” a ser mais bem considerado. Pretende-se problematizar e analisar, nesse artigo, essa delicada realidade a partir de três momentos. No primeiro, apresentar essa terminologia de “sujeitos bolhas” e suas características; num segundo, a teologia da consciência com suas grandes balizas; no terceiro, problematizar propriamente o tema da formação e contribuições da moral social de inspiração cristã, à luz do magistério do Papa Francisco. Assim, o artigo visa lançar luzes propositivas para a questão que é fundamental na existência e desafios cristãos.
Redescobrir a Doutrina Social da Igreja hoje: inspirações fundamentais a partir da Pacem in Terris
Authors: Messias Elvis Rezende
Published: April 2021

O presente texto tem como objetivo geral apresentar alguns elementos basilares da doutrina social católica na perspectiva de explorar e redescobrir algumas de suas contribuições para o debate social contemporâneo. Tais reflexões, que são de cunho tipicamente teológico, fazem ainda hoje algum sentido fora dos limites religiosos? Diante de tal problema, esse trabalho lança um olhar especial sobre reflexões pontuais da doutrina social do papa João XXIII, sobretudo a que consta na encíclica Pacem in Terris, estabelecendo diálogos com outras fontes do pensamento católico. Os resultados possibilitam vislumbrar importantes atualidades da Doutrina Social da Igreja para o exercício coletivo de reflexão crítica e de construção de soluções práticas para os problemas sociais contemporâneos que, insistentemente, afrontam e desrespeitam a dignidade da pessoa humana e dificultam a prossecução do bem comum.
Complex diagnostics the development of children 6-7 years and assessment the risks of failure of adaptation. Message I.
Authors:   Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Bezrukikh M.M. , Filippova T.A. ,   Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Verba A.S. ,   Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow
Published: April 2021

The article describes the complex method of diagnosing the development of children 6-7 years, which allows to determine the level of socio-communicative, cognitive, speech, artistic and physical development necessary for successful adaptation to school and the formation of basic school skills: reading and writing. The importance of diagnostics for the year before the start of school to determine the risks of maladjustment and school difficulties. The article shows the importance of diagnostics for the year before the start of school to determine the risks of failure of adaptation and school difficulties. Analysis of the diagnostic results allows adult to build an individual trajectory of development necessary for each child.
USING ELECTRONIC TEXT CORPORA IN TEACHING ANCIENT GREEK: A VOCABULARY TEACHING INTERVENTION IMPLEMENTED IN THE ANCIENT GREEK COURSE IN THE 3RD GRADE OF LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL
Authors: Loumos Ilias
Published: April 2021

The present didactic intervention aims to highlight the effective use of Electronic Text Corpora in the teaching approach of the Ancient Greek course. In particular, the teaching of a unit found in the school textbook of the 3rd grade of lower secondary school is examined at its vocabulary and semantic level, using the Digital Resources (http://www.greek-language.gr/digitalResources/) for the Greek language and the Portal for the Greek language (http://www.greek-language.gr/greekLang/index.html). Using Electronic Text Corpora, students take part in the learning process through a critical way by building an interactive and communicative learning environment. The dynamic use of ETC in the teaching process can constitute the bridge between traditional and new literacy in the Information Society and Communication.

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Pengembangan Alat Bantu Berenang Flying Swimming untuk Pembelajaran Renang Pemula
Authors: Galuh Hendityo Wicaksono  , Yudhi Purnama  , Prayogi Eka Winasto
Published: April 2021

Penelitian pengembangan atau Research and development (R&D) ini dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi potensi dan masalah, mengumpulkan informasi, mendesain produk, membuatan produk, validasi ahli, dan uji coba produk. Pengembangan alat bantu berenang ini divalidasi oleh ahli materi dan ahli media dan 10 orang responden. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa dan pelajar yang memenuhi syarat untuk dijadikan sebagai responden. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan menggunakan instrument berupa angket. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat bantu berenang Flying Swimming adalah layak digunakan sebagai alat bantu belajar berenang. Hasil tersebut diperoleh dari hasil terakhir validasi a) ahli materi sebesar 95% atau layak; b) ahli media sebesar 88,46% atau layak; c) Responden sebesar 89,6% atau layak. Dengan demikian, kesimpulan bahwa alat bantu berenang flying swimming dinyatakan layak untuk pembelajaran renang.
FORMATION OF ART JOURNALISM IN THE JADID PRESS
Authors: Bobojonova Zabarjad
Published: April 2021

Мазкур мақола миллий матбуотда санъат мавзусининг тутган ўрни, унинг дастлабки даврий нашрларда акс этиши жадид матбуотининг етук намояндалари Абдулла Авлоний, Чўлпон публицистикаси орқали кўрсатиб беришга бағишланган. Бунда эътибор ихтисослашган журналистиканинг тарихий аспектларини ўрганишда дастлабки манбалар билан ишлашга қартилади.
The Impact of Source Text Culture on the Quality of Translation
Authors:   Bahar Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran, Ghaemi Hamed
Published: April 2021

The present article reports a study carried out to investigate whether or not awareness of ST culture has any impact on the translation quality of translator trainees. 20 Iranian graduated from English translation took part in this study. They were divided into two groups, one experimental and one control groups. After homogenizing the participants through a TOEFL test, a translation pre-test was given to them and then cultural backgrounds of ST were taught to the experimental group who were later required to use the taught material in their classroom translation practice during one academic semester. The control groups were run traditionally as widely practiced in Iranian graduated translation classes. A translation post-test was given to all the groups at the end of the semester. The statistical results demonstrate a significant difference between the pre- and post- tests in the experimental group as compared with the control group.
Stability Analysis of Mineral Structures using FLAC Software
Authors:   M.Sc. Graduated from Birjand University, Iran, Vaze Mobaraki Javad
Published: April 2021

The safety factor for slopes (FS) is traditionally determined using two-dimensional limit equilibrium (LEM) methods, however, the safety factor of a slope can also be calculated by FLAC software with the technique of reducing soil shear strength in the time stages until the slope fails. In this presentation, we first describe the numerical methods of stability analysis, finite difference method and FLAC software, and then we analyze the static stability using FLAC software.
Slope Stability Analysis Methods
Authors:   M.Sc. Graduated from Birjand University, Iran, Vaze Mobaraki Javad
Published: April 2021

The presence of discontinuities, the inherent variability of the rock mass and discontinuity properties, and the uncertainties associated with directions and fcof the in-situstress makes the rock engineering problems challenging. The numerical modeling can assist the ground control engineers in designing and evaluating the stability of the excavations. If extensive geological and geotechnical data are available, then detailed predictions of deformation, stress and stability can be accomplished by performing numerical modeling. If not, still the numerical modeling can be used to perform parametric studies to gain insight into the possible ranges of responses of a system due to likely ranges of various parameters. The parametric studies can help to identify the key parameters and their impact on stability of underground excavations. The priorities of the material testing and site investigation can be set based on the selected key parameters from parametric studies. The most important modeling methods in stability analysis include finite element method, finite difference method, boundary element method and Distinct element method, which are used in three static, quasi-static and dynamic conditions and in both definite and probability modes. In this report, we investigate each of these methods their weaknesses and strengths.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DO ESTÁGIO DO CICLO DE VIDA ORGANIZACIONAL DE INDÚSTRIAS DE PEQUENO PORTE DO SUL DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Wernke Rodney , Junges Ivone , Medeiros Arielle de Jesus
Published: April 2021

O estudo objetivou identificar o estágio do ciclo de vida organizacional que prevalece nas pequenas empresas fabris localizadas nos municípios de microrregião do sul de Santa Catarina. Para essa finalidade foi realizado um levantamento de dados por meio de questionário aplicado em 88 indústrias de pequeno porte. Os resultados apontaram a prevalência dos estágios do ciclo de vida organizacional conhecidos como “crescimento” (27,27%), “maturidade” (23,86%) e renascimento (22,73%), em detrimento dos estágios de “nascimento” (15,91%) e “declínio” (10,23%). Além disso, a hipótese de pesquisa que cogitava não haver interferência do número de funcionários no estágio do ciclo de vida da empresa foi rejeitada, pois os dois grupos amostrais mostraram médias distintas do ponto de vista estatístico pelo Mann-Whitney Test. As contribuições da pesquisa são no sentido de que (i) permitiu conhecer a realidade das pequenas empresas fabris de microrregião do sul de Santa Catarina quanto aos estágios do ciclo de vida organizacional, (ii) constatou a aderência do modelo utilizado neste contexto empresarial e (iii) apontou evidência estatística sobre a influência do número de empregados no estágio do ciclo de vida de pequenas empresas.
APLICAÇÃO DO TIME-DRIVEN ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING (TDABC) POR ETAPAS PRODUTIVAS OU POR LINHA DE PRODUÇÃO
Authors: Wernke Rodney , Junges Ivone , Rita Cleyton de Oliveira
Published: April 2021

O estudo abordou questão relacionada ao impacto da aplicação do TDABC por etapas produtivas ou por linhas de produção no valor do custo de transformação e na lucratividade dos produtos e teve o objetivo de comparar tais aplicações no contexto de uma indústria. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia classificável como descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa e no formato de estudo de caso. Após relatar sobre os cálculos que fundamentaram o estudo, evidenciou-se que a adoção do TDABC por “linha de produção” possibilita obter valores de custo unitário dos produtos semelhantes aos que foram obtidos quando empregada a metodologia pormenorizada por “etapas”, com pequena distorção de valores entre os procedimentos de custeio comparados. Além disso, constatou-se que a causa dessas diferenças de valores pode ser atribuída à ociosidade existente na linha de produção abrangida. Portanto, a pesquisa contribuiu ao evidenciar que não é relevante (do ponto de vista da acurácia dos valores a custear aos produtos) utilizar uma planilha de custos baseada no detalhamento do TDABC para cada etapa produtiva ou adotar uma planilha menos detalhada, pois não afetou de forma relevante o valor do custo unitário dos produtos no contexto estudado.