bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interplay of hydrogen bonds, iodo...nitro interactions and aromatic π...π stacking interactions in iodo-nitroanilines
Authors: Garden Simon J. , Fontes Silvia P. , Wardell James L. , Skakle Janet M. S. , Low John N. , Glidewell Christopher
Published: October 2002

Molecules of 2-iodo-5-nitroaniline (I) are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds into centrosymmetric dimers and by asymmetric three-centre iodo...nitro interactions into chains, so forming chains of fused centrosymmetric rings: these chains are linked by aromatic π...π stacking interactions to form a three-dimensional structure. In the isomeric 4-iodo-2-nitroaniline (II), each of the two independent molecules forms hydrogen-bonded chains that are linked by two-centre iodo...nitro interactions into sheets of two types, each containing only a single type of molecule: π...π stacking interactions are absent. In 2,4-diiodo-3-nitroaniline (III), where the nitro group is almost orthogonal to the aryl ring, a combination of N—H...O hydrogen bonds and two distinct two-centre iodo...nitro interactions links the molecules into a three-dimensional framework that is reinforced by aromatic π...π stacking interactions. Bond lengths and conformations are discussed and comparisons are drawn with related compounds.
Extreme loads acting on transport airplane following a sudden change in symmetric equilibrium
Authors: Goraj Zdobyslaw , Sznajder Janusz
Published: October 2002

Extreme loads are generated in aircraft flight manoeuvres. Among different manoeuvres considered in this paper are motions following a sudden deflection of elevator and response to a vertical gust. Airplane was assumed to be a rigid body of three degrees of freedom in symmetrical motion. Elevator deflection was either of the step change type, or of the sinusoidal type, gust was assumed to be either of the step change type or harmonic, with a gust cycle time corresponding to the time to travel a distance equal to 25 Mean Aerodynamic Chord. In all cases a jump type elevator deflection was assumed to last for 1 second, whilst the airplane response was observed for 3 seconds. The airplane motion, its velocities, accelerations and load acting on the tailplane were calculated by means of numerical integration of the ordinary differential /of motion.
Testing of the attitude and heading reference system
Authors: Tomczyk Andrzej
Published: October 2002

Rzeszów University of Technology has undertaken the task of designing and providing of equipment to a flying laboratory. This paper presents basic design principles of the Inertial Reference Unit (IRU) which employs measuring signals from the Fiber Optic Gyros (FOG), accelerometers and electronic compass module. A microcomputer follows the algorithm of complementary filtration for of calculating the Euler angles for the aircraft attitude (pitch, roll and heading), angular rates, and linear accelerations. The correction systems that minimize error of the steady‐state measuring have been employed. The results of computer simulations, lab tests and selected flight tests have also been presented. The Inertial Reference Unit μIRU‐1 was tested in flight on board of the general aviation aircraft PZL‐110 “Koliber”. It has been confirmed that metrological properties of the system are appropriate for the purposes of teaching process. Currently, a modified version of the unit is being prepared. The new IRU is planned as a main reference unit for integrated flight control system of general aviation aircraft.
The origins of aerospace engineering degree courses
Authors: Ransom E.C.P. , Self A.W.
Published: October 2002

The development of degree courses specifically designed for aerospace engineers is described in relation to the change in needs of the industry since the demonstration of powered flight. The impact of two world wars and political decisions on the way universities have been able to meet the demand for graduates is discussed. The effect of these changes is examined in relation to the type of education received by current graduates compared with early courses.
Very light airplane longitudinal dynamic stability analysis
Authors: Danek Vladimir
Published: October 2002

A linearized analytic model of general longitudinal movement of airplane is discussed. Linearized deviation equations of motion, derived in stability axes system, are applied to the parametric analysis of airplane's longitudinal dynamic stability under arbitrary symmetric flight conditions. The analytic model is generated in the form of interactive software package PODYST_ALFA. This is used to show the influence of some constructional and mass parameters on the longitudinal airplane motions after encountering disturbance for a chosen steady level flight.
Computer simulation helps keep down costs for NASA's “lifeboat” for the international space station
Authors: Eckhardt Brad , Zori Laith
Published: October 2002

The use of computer simulation helped to significantly reduce the estimated costs of building the International Space Station's (ISS) X‐38 emergency crew return vehicle. Lockheed Martin engineers wanted to determine the actual flow conditions within the X‐38 cabin, but ruled out physical testing as they lacked a physical prototype of the X‐38 and because such testing could prove very difficult. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation offered an alternative way to evaluate airflow within the vehicle by making it possible to visualize the flow field. Engineers built a computer model of the X‐38 and its contents, and used CFD to simulate the airflow and heat transfer throughout the vehicle's cabin, thus eliminating the costs of building and testing a physical prototype.
Research on dynamics of a supercritical propulsion shaft equipped with a dry friction damper
Authors: Dżygadło Zbigniew , Perkowski Witold
Published: October 2002

The supercritical propulsion shaft equipped with a dry friction damper has been designed for a polish ultra light helicopter named IS‐2. Models of the shaft and the damper and some results of analysis of the shaft flexural vibrations are presented.As it turned out the shaft vibrations strongly depend on parameters of the damper (especially on the damper gap) and can be regular or chaotic. There are two main cases: the damper with a small gap and the damper with a big gap, when compared to shaft eccentricity.
The predicament of librarianship: its problems and prospects in Nigeria
Authors: Womboh Benki S.H.
Published: October 2002

Discusses problems of and prospects for librarianship in Nigeria, especially in relation to other professions in the country. It begins with the philosophical foundation of man’s place in the universe, and a brief discussion of the evolution of librarianship as a profession. Subsequent problems are traced back to the influence of Melvil Dewey. Analysis proves the validity of librarianship as a profession and its problems in the Nigerian context are discussed. These problems are seen as teething ones, and particularly in relation to the country’s “Vision 2010”, the long term outlook and opportunities are very optimistic. Some recommendations to enhance development of the library profession in Nigeria are presented.
Knowledge‐based structures and organisational commitment
Authors: Brooks Gordon
Published: October 2002

Organisational commitment, the emotional attachment of an employee to the employing organisation, has attracted a substantial body of literature, relating the concept to various antecedents, including organisational structure, and to a range of consequences, including financially important performance factors such as productivity and staff turnover. The new areas of knowledge management and learning organisations offer substantial promise as imperatives for the organisation of business enterprises. As organisations in the contemporary environment adopt knowledge‐based structures to improve their competitive position, there is value in examining these structures against other performance related factors. Theoretical knowledge‐based structures put forward by Mileset al.and Quinnet al.and an existing implementation are examined to determine common features inherent in these approaches. These features are posited as a typical form and their impact on organisational commitment and hence on individual and organisational performance is examined.
Organization design: the continuing influence of information technology
Authors: Clay Dibrell C. , Miller Thomas R.
Published: October 2002

Drawing from an information processing perspective, this paper examines how information technology (IT) has been a catalyst in the development of new forms of organizational structures. The article draws a historical linkage between the relative stability of an organization’s task environment starting after the Second World War to the present environmental instability that now characterizes many industries. Specifically, the authors suggest that advances in IT have enabled managers to adapt existing forms and create new models for organizational design that better fit requirements of an unstable environment. Time has seemingly borne out this hypothesis as the bureaucratic structure evolved to the matrix to the network and now to the emerging shadow structure. IT has gone from a support mechanism to a substitute for organizational structures in the form of the shadow structure. The article suggests that the evolving and expanding role of IT will continue for organizations that face unstable environments.
The Pareto principle in organizational decision making
Authors: Craft Ralph C. , Leake Charles
Published: October 2002

All organizations face decisions for prioritizing resources to yield the greatest value to the organization. This study focuses on a highly‐matrixed, US manufacturer and the process used to prioritize information services (IS) resources based on the heuristic of the “Pareto principle”.
An entrepreneurial logic for the new economy
Authors: Barton Cunningham J. , Gerrard Philip , Schoch Herbert , Lai Hong Chung
Published: October 2002

Managers and entrepreneurs are increasingly being challenged to respond to a world where it is harder to effectively make and implement their decisions. Over half the decisions managers make are never implemented. We have observed entrepreneurs and managers in a wide range of situations in various countries, who illustrate a different set of assumptions for making decisions. They illustrate an entrepreneurial logic, a process of creatively defining and taking action to make sense out of situations which require new frameworks, assumptions and understandings. They assume that many challenges are not predictable and controllable. Certain control‐oriented attitudes and behaviors inhibit people from thinking this way, such as attempts to make decisions without fully understanding the right question, and overly relying on statistics. Certain reframing attitudes and behaviors – diversity in thinking, asking the right questions, and reframing and adapting quickly – illustrate ways to make sense of the paradoxes and uncertainties in the new economy.
Time compression diseconomies in accelerated global alliances
Authors: García‐Canal Esteban , López Duarte Cristina , Rialp Criado Josep , Valdés Llaneza Ana
Published: October 2002

This paper aims at identifying practices that help managers to cope with two opposing forces related to global alliance management: the desirable gradual development of the alliance – due to time compression diseconomies in trust formation – and the need to accelerate this development in order to react quickly to the challenges of a global market. On the basis of a single case study, we show that several practices can be used to guarantee that acceleration does not put in danger either trust formation or other sources of relational rents.
Evolution of management theory: the case of production management in construction
Authors: dos Santos Aguinaldo , Powell James Alfred , Sarshar Marjan
Published: October 2002

In the past 100 years production management has evolved from a set of heuristic ideas to a portfolio of somewhat developed concepts and principles. “Just‐in‐time” and “total quality management” integrate most of the modern concepts and principles in the field. Furthermore, seminal studies carried out within production, such as the Gilbreth/Taylor, Hawthorne and Tavistock studies, have given significant contribution to the evolution of management theory. This paper presents the context of production management evolution and assesses the application of some heuristic production approaches within construction sites of Brazil and England. The study revealed that, although the production management theory evolved significantly, construction practices do not apply the theory in a systemic and comprehensive manner. Clearly, lack of motivation and poor instruments for enabling “learning” are the central cause of this problem.
Democracy without empowerment: the grand vision and demise of Yugoslav self‐management
Authors: Lynn Monty L. , Mulej Matjaz , Jurse Karin
Published: October 2002

Under Josip Tito’s leadership, Yugoslavia broke away from Stalinistic central planning in 1948 and developed an economy‐wide system of worker self‐management. Its ideological focus was on leadership development and continuous learning among all employees, replacing owners and state bureaucracy with empowered workers at the helm of Yugoslav firms. Over time, the world’s largest experiment in empowerment went awry, however. A state‐supported neo‐Taylorism with a “thinking tank” and a separate “working tank,” evolved which represented little real empowerment. By the 1980s, self‐management had become an impotent bureaucratic formality behind a democratic facade. The dynamics within the rise and fall of Yugoslav self‐management provide lessons for understanding and managing empowerment efforts today.
Developing personal responsibility and leadership traits in all your employees: part 1 – shaping and harmonizing the high‐performance drivers
Authors: Smith Peter A.C , Sharma Meenakshi
Published: October 2002

Proposes that to optimize enterprise performance and longevity, organizations must develop and sustain appropriate traits of personal responsibility and leadership in all employees. Contends that this is feasible and describes how it can be accomplished. Part 1 of this paper deal with shaping and harmonizing the high performance drivers. Part 2, which will appear in Management Decision Vol. 40 No. 9, will deal with optimally shaping and harmonizing focus, will and capability.
Creating value in the “new economy”
Authors: Walters David , Halliday Michael , Glaser Stan
Published: October 2002

Business operates everywhere in an environment that is both dynamic and challenging: markets have globalised (supply markets and customer markets); technology has become all embracing (this includes product and process technology) and relationships with suppliers, customers and competitors are undergoing constant change (often influenced by external forces such as technology). A new business model is emerging, one in which competitive advantage is based upon managing processes that facilitate rapid and flexible responses to ‘market’ change and one in which new capabilities are based upon developing unique relationships with partners (suppliers, customers, employees, shareholders, government and, often, with competitors), an understanding of, and the ability to use and to manage the new technology and to understand the impact of knowledge creation and its distribution.
Wear surface characteristics study of tribo‐materials under palm oil methyl ester added lubricant
Authors: Maleque M.A. , Masjuki H.H.
Published: October 2002

The wear properties of tribo‐materials are strongly influenced by the use of lubricants and their additives. The presence of additive in the lubricating oil causes changes in the material surface characteristics by the formation of protective boundary films which result in increased wear resistance of the mating surfaces. In this investigation, wear tests for a segmented piston ring‐plate pair and a ball‐plate pair were carried out using a modified universal wear and friction machine with three different percentages of palm oil methyl ester (POME) added to a mineral oil lubricant. The plain mineral‐based lube oil was also used for comparison purposes. Experimental results show that the activity of POME on the metal surface is quite remarkable when added to a mineral‐based lubricant. Wear of piston ring and ball bearing materials took place by abrasive, corrosive and/or oxidative mechanisms with different concentrations of POME in lubricants. The surface characteristics shown by SEM and EDAX and related phenomena are discussed in this paper.
Labour market entry and beyond: some reflections on the changing structure of work
Authors: Buchmann Marlis
Published: October 2002

This article raises the question of how recent labour market developments affect the transition from school to work (i.e. labour market entry) and the successive employment career. The focus of interest are countries characterised by well‐established and wide‐spread vocational training systems, constituting strong institutionalised links between the educational and the employment systems (i.e. Austria, Germany and Switzerland). The arguments advanced show that the changing structure of work (i.e. the shifting nature of work, the decrease in the temporal validity of skills and the changing cultural significance of work) is likely to modify the well‐established interplay between the supply and demand sides in the labour markets of these countries, thus exerting considerable pressure on the stability and orderliness of employment trajectories. Against this background, the most critical issues of vocational training systems are described and reforms of these systems are discussed.
Supply chain technology
Authors: Dawson Alex
Published: October 2002

Explains the concept of the supply chain and how it is changing as a result of developing technology. Gives brief case stories of companies adopting technology to make improvements in the supply chain.
To what extent are ethnic minorities in Britain over‐educated?
Authors: Battu H. , Sloane P.J.
Published: October 2002

For the total population there is evidence of substantial over‐education in the sense that workers possess higher qualifications than are strictly required for the job. Using the fourth wave of the British National Survey of Ethnic Minorities, this paper attempts to ascertain whether ethnic minorities suffer from higher over‐education than whites due to possible discrimination. The results suggest a differential effect across various ethnic groups and a tendency for foreign qualifications to be rewarded less.
Moderating effect of firm size on the relationship between voluntary employer changes and salary attainment
Authors: Mao Hsiao‐Yen
Published: October 2002

This study presents a meaningful moderator, a fundamental characteristic of employers – their size, to unravel the inconsistencies regarding the relationship between the workers’ voluntary employer changes and salary attainment in previous studies. Results indicate that voluntary employer changes did not predict salary attainment in large firms, whereas a positive effect was found to be stronger in medium than in small firms. Also presented herein are several explanations for the moderating property of firm size.
Managing change in product development organization: learning from Volvo Car Corporation
Authors: Mikaelsson Jon
Published: October 2002

How do people, who continuously develop new products, develop and change their organization? Is there something to learn from the apparent similarity in non‐routine characteristics of both new product development and organizational change? The aim of the paper is to increase our knowledge about the management of change in environments characterised by a large portion of non‐routine work. The paper is based on a case study of radical change of product development operation in Volvo Car Corporation. The study documents both the change process and the nature of the product development organisation before and after the change effort. The discussion highlights some of the challenges in facilitating multiple mechanisms for change in a complex product development environment.
The impact of behavioral style assessment on organizational effectiveness: a call for action
Authors: McKenna Mindi K. , Shelton Charlotte D. , Darling John R.
Published: October 2002

Reviews the historical origins of behavioral style and overviews the most commonly used behavioral style assessment instruments. The perceived benefits of behavioral style assessments and their similarities to and differences from personality instruments are discussed. Suggests that research is needed to validate the perceived organizational benefits of using style assessments in the workplace. Research is also needed to validate the perceived impact of work style diversity among members of an organization on the organization’s performance. Also recommends additional research to examine the relationships among behavioral style, job fit, and work environment, as well as the impact these variables have on individual, team and organizational effectiveness.
Differences between Danish and Swedish management
Authors: Havaleschka Finn
Published: October 2002

To most non‐Scandinavians Danes and Swedes are very much alike. The same language, the same social and democratic political system, and more or less the same history and culture. But there are differences which may be not observable to outsiders, but certainly are to the people involved. It is not the same managing an organisation in Sweden and Denmark. Based on personality tests data, this article confirm the perceived difference between the two groups. Swedish managers appear more organised, structured, and systematic, as they seek consensus through social processes. The individual strives for power and authority is on the group’s terms. The Danes are seen as more undisciplined and impulsive, with a tendency towards the anarchistic, because the individuals strive for power, authority and control more based on the individuals’ own terms.
Empowerment within the UK construction sector
Authors: Dainty Andrew R.J. , Bryman Alan , Price Andrew D.F.
Published: October 2002

The feasibility and success of empowerment are to some extent determined by factors relating to the culture and structure of the industries within which organizations are embedded. The UK construction industry is an example that has a unique socio‐technical context, some aspects of which seem well‐suited to empowerment strategies. However, despite support for empowerment, it has not yet been universally embraced by construction organizations. Outlines the aspects of the industry that provide a suitable context for implementation of empowerment strategies. Suggests that, used selectively, it could play an important part in helping construction organizations to address increasing performance demands whilst mitigating the negative effects of the fragmented project delivery process. However, there remain many barriers to individual and team‐based empowerment strategies that require empirical investigation before the industry can benefit from their implementation.
Non‐linear change in organizations: organization change management informed by complexity theory
Authors: Styhre Alexander
Published: October 2002

Organizational change processes are often modeled on a linear understanding of change in which the process is composed of individual succeeding steps. In this paper, an organization change process in a Swedish telecommunication company, TelCo., is studied from the perspective of non‐linearity. Complexity theory is used in the paper as a loosely coupled framework of theories and perspectives that do not assume that social or natural systems operate in accordance with linearity. By integrating complexity theory perspectives on organization change, disruptive, fluid processes of change may be better understood. Notions such as non‐linearity and complexity may thus be fruitfully integrated into the analysis of organizational change processes.
Emergent strategy in managing cooperative supply chain change
Authors: Macbeth Douglas K.
Published: October 2002

There is much debate about the nature of strategy formulation as content or process. This paper takes a process view informed from insights from non‐linear dynamics, complexity and chaos theory and applies it to a well tested management of change process in cooperative supply chain management to draw illustrations from two case examples which reinforce the utility of this use of complexity in formulating emergent strategies.
Weeding book collections in the age of the Internet
Authors: Banks Julie
Published: October 2002

The weeding project at Southeast Missouri State University presented an opportunity to identify different variables, i.e. shelf level, book jackets, added entries, and untraced series, that impacted a book’s circulation behavior and to consider the relationship between circulation and the Internet/online database activity. Using the political science collection, the investigator found that shelf level has the strongest impact on circulation among the variables studied, but the Internet and electronic reference databases have an even greater influence on circulation. Surprisingly, one of the conclusions was that 61 percent of the political science collection either circulated only once or never circulated. It is argued that because of the pressures the Internet and electronic reference databases are placing on book collections and their use it is more important than ever to identify new collection development strategies to pinpoint which titles will be used.
Electronic resources and acquisitions budgets: SUNY statistics, 1994‐2000
Authors: Petrick Joseph
Published: October 2002

The amount of electronic resources available in academic libraries has greatly increased in the past several years, and a number of writers have commented that electronic resources are replacing acquisitions in other formats. To see how an increase in acquisitions of electronic resources was affecting overall acquisitions, statistics for the libraries of the State University of New York (SUNY) were examined, and a related survey was done of librarians at those institutions. One conclusion was that the amount spent on electronic resources has not continually increased, but in fact decreased in some years. Another conclusion was that although electronic resources are consuming a higher proportion of the overall acquisitions budget, at least in the SUNY system the money is not necessarily coming at the expense of acquisitions in other formats.
E‐marketing in perspective: a three country comparison of business use of the Internet
Authors: Adam Stewart , Mulye Rajendra , Deans Kenneth R. , Palihawadana Dayananda
Published: October 2002

Compares business use of the Internet (Net) and World Wide Web (Web) across Australia, New Zealand and the UK. The reported inter‐country comparison involves studies conducted by the authors in a similar timeframe and using similar methodologies. Finds both similarities and differences across the three countries in how business uses the Web with UK firms more likely to be seeking strategic advantage from use of the Internet. In all countries, business use of the Web involves marketing communication; however, use of the Internet as a marketing channel for transactions is much lower. UK firms are more likely to use the Internet in relationship management than are Australasian firms. Concludes that there is less sophisticated business use of the Internet by Australasian companies relative to UK companies. Further concludes that there is a need for further research to resolve the conundrum facing marketing organisations in all three countries.
Legislating for environmental practices within residential property management in Singapore
Authors: Christudason Alice
Published: October 2002

Environmental issues have gained increasing attention in Singapore because of its small size and lack of natural resources. Since the 1970s, the Ministry of the Environment has striven to make Singapore environmentally‐friendly. The 2000 Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum ranked Singapore second in terms of effective environmental regulations, and third in how stringently those regulations are enforced. Yet, for various reasons Singapore has been described as “environmentally unsustainable”. One solution to this problem may lie within the property management function. The property manager can be a catalyst for change. This paper considers, in the context of residential property, the scope for legislating for environmental practices and infusing them within the property management function. This is considered in the light of existing environmental legislation in Singapore. There is also a brief comparative review of environmental practices in the USA and the UK.
The long‐term impact of flooding on residential property values
Authors: Eves Chris
Published: October 2002

Current planning schemes in Australia identify areas that are potentially liable to flooding. This identification of flood‐liable land is based on flood height levels over time. Throughout New South Wales (NSW) this measure of flood affectivity is determined by three classifications. These classifications also influence the development of residential property within these flood areas. Prospective purchasers are advised of this flood zoning, when a full title search is carried out. However, as these properties are often located on the flood plain, but not within sight of the river, flooding can appear visually remote to the uninformed buyer. This study analyses residential house sales in flood‐prone areas and compares price movements of these houses with similar houses in immediate adjoining areas that are not affected by flooding. The analysis covers the period 1984 to 2000, which includes the last major floods in Sydney during 1990. This study period determines what impact a major flood has on residential housing prices and whether this effect is ongoing or decreases, the longer the area is free from flood affectivity.
From existing use to value in use: time for a paradigm shift?
Authors: Sayce Sarah , Connellan Owen
Published: October 2002

This paper debates the key concepts of fair value, value in use and existing use, as they relate to the valuation of owner‐occupied property assets. Changes to the professional body regulatory and advisory frameworks (International Valuation Standards Committee (IVSC), the European Group of Valuers’ Association (TEGoVA) and the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS)) controlling the valuation of fixed assets for balance‐sheet have taken place. These, it argues, require valuers to re‐appraise the role of existing use value (EUV) as an acceptable valuation concept. The treatment of owner‐occupied property differs with the IVSC no longer recognising EUV, which it holds to be contrary to the principles of fair value, as enshrined within International Accounting Standards. Yet, the basis is still recognised by TEGoVA, which also espouses fair value, whereas the RICS prefer the value to the business model. The crux therefore lies in the interpretation of fair value. This paper argues for the abandonment of EUV in UK and European standards, to fall in line with International Standards. It is contended that, if market value or value in use is the only acceptable approach to accounting valuations, this will have implications for corporate entities and may give their advisers some practical problems. If EUV is abandoned, it also calls into question the appropriateness of DRC (depreciated replacement cost) as a valid surrogate of market value or EUV. The paper contends that fair value embraces both value in exchange and value in use. It argues that EUV fulfils little useful purpose and calls for its abandonment and for the development of an agreed methodology for establishing value in use. In the quest for this it suggests that there would be merit in re‐exploring the notion of going concern value, which was effectively written out of UK practice with the introduction of RICS guidance.
Post‐apartheid residential mobility patterns in two South African cities
Authors: Prinsloo D.A. , Cloete C.E.
Published: October 2002

Pre‐1994 apartheid laws had a marked impact on urban land use patterns in South Africa. A new government came into power in 1994 and the Group Areas Act had been abolished. The resultant integration of residential suburbs was initially slow, but is occurring at an increasing rate. In this paper, relocation patterns in Johannesburg and Pretoria are analysed. Analysis of the process indicates that the socio‐economic status and the affordability levels of the home‐buyer will drive the relocation process. Integration levels will initially be highest in low‐ and middle‐income residential areas. Shopping centres in certain areas had to change their products and tenant mix to cater for the specific needs of new black residents, while the increasing integration of residential areas will also have an impact on the location of office firms. Attention is drawn to certain similarities with the process of residential integration in the USA.
The apportionment of the land value between joint owners of developed property
Authors: Wu Shouzhi , Jin Jianqing
Published: October 2002

This paper addresses the practical problem of apportioning the value of land equitably between joint owners of developed property in China in a logical way. Allocation of land share by existing methods causes unfairness. A new concept, using the ratio of land floor value, is introduced and an alternative approach is thereby established. To find such ratios using market data, related statistical techniques and procedures are given. The discussion suggests that the approach is logical in theory and easy to use in practice.
Immediate access to Danish libraries – with bibliotek.dk
Authors: Andresen Leif
Published: October 2002

Since late 2000 bibliotek.dk has been giving all Danes access to the Danish National Union Catalogue. The development of this new service is described. The new facilities are seen from both the libraries’ point of view and from the user’s perspective. bibliotek.dk is not only a database, but also a portal with access to a wide range of library Net services. The actual development plan for bibliotek.dk is described in detail. Several initiatives to enrich the access to information and to rationalise the libraries’ work with bibliotek.dk are presented. The service is also used as the basis for the development of new services to the user, including an “Available for sale” button which gives access to the vendors of a specific item.
Using heterogeneous components to construct online library portals
Authors: White Andrew C.
Published: October 2002

History shows that libraries have always functioned as physical portals to stored information. In the past, the physical library has consisted of reference and subject specific areas, card catalogs, and book stacks, all available during operating hours and confined to the library’s physical space within a building or room. However, with the explosive development of the Internet and the implementation of OPACs, libraries need to reinvent their environments as physical portals while establishing a virtual online portal presence. The Health Sciences Center Library at Stony Brook University has begun deploying several technologies to develop a virtual portal of online information and services, making the library and its resources available both inside and outside the confines of the physical library. The goal of this portal is two‐fold: provide the library’s patrons – particularly the students and faculty of the University’s Medical School – with personalized access to information, and to enable the library to gather statistics on the use of electronically‐based resources. What makes this library’s portal unique is its ability to deliver, over the Internet, desktop applications specific to certain academic programs in addition to traditional library resources, such as full‐text e‐journals and databases along with a Web‐based OPAC. The technology behind this portal incorporates centralized computing and client‐server architectures with recent thin‐client and operating system technologies, such as the Independent Computing Architecture, Windows 2000, and Linux. This portal demonstrates how academic libraries can improve individualized service by integrating existing systems of information delivery and retrieval with newer computing paradigms.
The quality circle approach to knowledge management
Authors: Zetie Stan
Published: October 2002

Whilst the concept of quality circles is well established in the management lexicon, knowledge management is a much more recent addition. The aim of this paper is to show that these two concepts, together with a number of others, are closely linked and are all aspects of a much more fundamental concept – organisational development. The paper illustrates this by looking at a quality circle and a knowledge management application in two West Midland SMEs and highlighting the similarities and dissimilarities between the two. Finally the paper discusses the factors that, in the author’s experience, predispose an organisation to be successful in terms of such initiatives.
The influence the system of profound knowledge has on the development of leadership and management within an organisation
Authors: Gapp Rod
Published: October 2002

In his last major works, Deming provided an overarching framework for the implementation of quality management within an organisation – “the system of profound knowledge”. This approach summarises a lifetime of dedication to the field of quality management. Presented as a simple framework, it is in reality a complex set of interactions that requires a precise fit to an organisation, and the individuals that constitute that organisation. After its initial implementation within a particular organisation a process of constant development is also essential. Gapp provides two models, which were used to assist in the establishment of the system of profound knowledge within an existing successful TQM organisation. During the implementation of the system of profound knowledge, leadership and management variables were measured. As clearly stated by Deming and supported by Kohn, McNary, Gapp and McGregor, the leadership required for the establishment of the system of profound knowledge must encompass intrinsic motivation, co‐operation and collaboration. This research investigated the proposed uptake of the above characteristics within the existing leadership of the organisation.
Application of simulation tools for the technology‐driven planning of a PCB‐production line
Authors: Feldmann Klaus , Christoph Frank
Published: October 2002

The production of printed circuit boards (PCB) is facing considerable challenges concerning the demand for higher interconnection density and environmental friendliness. These demands cannot be satisfied by only optimising the conventional subtractive process chain, but require new production technologies to be developed. The production equipment has to guarantee that the process is carried out in a reliable way and at an acceptable speed. Therefore, the development of new process chains requires a critical review, or even a redesign of suitable manufacturing equipment. The application of simulation tools and “virtual prototyping” can support this process as the technology's impact on the machine design can be evaluated without the need for building costly prototypes. Finally, the costs of the new and current processes can be compared using the simulation results.
Embedded passive technology for networking systems
Authors: Jones Gareth D. , Lauffer John
Published: October 2002

Particularly during the past ten years, the mobile communications industry has grown by orders of magnitude, fueled by digital and RF circuit fabrication improvements, new large scale circuit integration, and other miniaturization technologies that make portable equipment smaller, cheaper, and more reliable. A key area within the telecommunication industry covers base stations and switch systems. Communications providers now require systems that provide significantly increased switching capacity. Combining both increased capability with size reduction is resulting in smaller printed circuit boards (PCBs) with more components placed on them. A potential solution to this is to embed some of the components within the board. The components which would be suitable for such a transition would be passives such as resistors, capacitors and inductors. This paper describes the work done in designing and manufacturing a PCB for the telecommunications industry with embedded resistors and microvias.
Reflections on private market economy and social market economy
Authors: Thanawala Kishor
Published: October 2002

Although markets prevail throughout the world, there are significant differences in the economic, social, political as well as legal institutions in which these markets function. Many of these variations can be attributed in part to differences in levels of economic development and in part to the differing consensus about the role of corporations and of governments in the various countries. The paper compares the models of private market economy and social market economy. An understanding of the rules underlying private market economy and those governing social market economy is important in the context of of the evoloving new global economic architecture.
Violence and consumption imagery in music videos
Authors: Martin Brett A.S. , Collins Brett A.
Published: October 2002

A content analysis of 191 music videos from New Zealand television examined three research questions: what levels and types of violence are evident? What products and brands are associated with violence? Do differences exist between different musical genres, and videos of New Zealand performers versus overseas artists? Results revealed that violence is evident in a significant proportion of music videos, and that particular products are associated with displays of people‐focused, object‐focused and combined types of violence. Furthermore, foreign heavy rock was not associated with people‐focused violence. Implications are discussed regarding perceptual context, encoding and marketing ethics.
A new approach to solve a diffusion‐convection problem
Authors: Inc M. , Cherruault Y.
Published: October 2002

We use the Adomian decomposition method to study a non‐linear diffusion‐convection problem (NDCP). The decomposition method has been applied recently to a wide class of non‐linear stochastic and deterministic operator equations involving algebraic, differential, integro‐differential and partial differential equations and systems. The method provides a solution without linearization, perturbation, or unjustified assumptions. An analytic solution of NDCP in the form of a series with easily computable components using the decomposition method will be determined. The non‐homogeneous equation is effectively solved by employing the phenomena of the self‐cancelling ‘noise terms’ whose sum vanishes in the limit. Comparing the methodology with some known techniques shows that the present approach is highly accurate.
An expert system for the selection of strategic planning technique
Authors: Subramoniam Suresh , Krishnankutty K.V.
Published: October 2002

The expert system for the selection of strategic planning technique was developed with a view of assisting an executive in selecting a strategic planning tool based on constraints such as: time, skill, finance, computer, expert advice, form and content of input, and form and content of output required to be generated. The expert system runs on IBM PC/AT or compatible, which is the minimum system requirement, and contains approximately 115 rules in the rule base. The expert system was developed in Turbo PrologTM. The premises which help in concluding a particular strategic planning tool are stored in separate file called ‘STRATEGY.DAT’ and can be consulted at the end of the session by the user. This file saves current session's premises which concluded the particular strategic planning tool. The system, after recommending a tool, outputs a list of planning phases where the implementation of such a strategic planning tool will succeed. It runs on a backward chaining inference mechanism which is a feature of Turbo PrologTM.
The march of self‐reference
Authors: Geyer Felix
Published: October 2002

Focuses on the issue of increasing environmental and societal complexity, and its effects on the individual, especially visible in the increase of self‐reference (the commonalities between man, animals and machines). Distinguishes three meanings of self‐reference and discusses the interrelationships between self‐reference, alienation, and growing societal complexity: states that, especially in the last few decades of this secular age, there has been increasing incidence of self‐reference. Also discusses the relationship between self‐reference, constructivism, and modern brain research. Asserts that the march of self‐reference is likely to continue, but that it will change in character.
Postmodernism, cybernetics and fuzzy set theory
Authors: Virgil Negoita Constantin
Published: October 2002

This paper is an attempt to stimulate thought and discourse towards postmodernism and its less known roots. It addresses the relationship between postmodernism and the development of the fuzzy set theory, in the 1970s.
Entropic properties of international systems
Authors: Tsaganea Doru
Published: October 2002

In this article the mathematical formula of entropy is used to evaluate the degree of anarchy specific to multipolar, bipolar, and balance of power international political systems. Several entropic properties characteristic to these systems are deduced, and it is proved that alliances decrease international systems' entropy. Each international system it is observed is characterized by a specific amount of structural strain, and that under the assumptions of structural neo‐realism the entropy and structural strain move in opposite ways. On the basis of these findings a few properties regarding the stability of international systems are divided and the effects of alliances on international structural strain are examined. In the last part of the paper theoretical conclusions are tested against three empirical cases – the Cold War bipolar system, the XIXth Century European system, and the current one. The article ends with several methodological suggestions regarding a possible generalization of the entropic model.
Aspects of a systemic philosophy of knowledge: from social facts to data, information and knowledge
Authors: Johannessen Jon‐Arild , Olaisen Johan , Olsen Bjørn
Published: October 2002

Considers from a cybernetic point of view, a number of philosophical problems raised by the design and utilization of information systems and knowledge management. Discusses the transformation from facts in social systems, via data and information into knowledge, and the practical use of knowledge, which is defined as the cybernetic strategy of action. This paper is normative and conceptual and the research question posed is: How are social facts transformed into data, data into information, and information into knowledge?
Using Bézier curves in approximate reasoning
Authors: Roventa Eugene , Spircu Tiberiu
Published: October 2002

The possibilities of using Bézier curves as a concrete tool in the development of the inference engine of a decision support system allowing approximate reasoning are explored. We propose using Bézier curves for representing membership functions or implementing some kind of fuzzy implication. The effects on the axioms characterizing fuzzy implications are investigated. Bézier curves are easily computable, flexible and have nice smooth properties. They are extensively used in the CAD/CAM domain. They could play an important role in some processes of imprecise knowledge representation and manipulation. Such techniques are promising in the implementation of several stages of developing the inference engine of a fuzzy decision support system. Moreover, these methods capture some of the flexibility and subtlety characteristic of human reasoning.