bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CD –27°11535: Evidence for a Triple System in the β Pictoris Moving Group
Authors: Thomas Andrew D. , Nielsen Eric L. , De Rosa Robert J. , Peck Anne E. , Macintosh Bruce , Chilcote Jeffrey , Kalas Paul , Wang Jason J. , Blunt Sarah , Greenbaum Alexandra , Konopacky Quinn M. , Ireland Michael J. , Tuthill Peter , Ward-Duong Kimberly , Hirsch Lea A. , Czekala Ian , Marchis Franck , Marois Christian , Millar-Blanchaer Max A. , Roberson William , Smith Adam , Gallamore Hannah , Klusmeyer Jessica
Published: November 2023

We present new spatially resolved astrometry and photometry of the CD –27°11535 system, a member of the β Pictoris moving group consisting of two resolved K-type stars on a ∼20 yr orbit. We fit an orbit to relative astrometry measured from NIRC2, GPI, and archival NaCo images, in addition to literature measurements. However, the total mass inferred from this orbit is significantly discrepant from that inferred from stellar evolutionary models using the luminosity of the two stars. We explore two hypotheses that could explain this discrepant mass sum: a discrepant parallax measurement from Gaia due to variability, and the presence of an additional unresolved companion to one of the two components. We find that the ∼20 yr orbit could not bias the parallax measurement, but that variability of the components could produce a large-amplitude astrometric motion, an effect that cannot be quantified exactly without the individual Gaia measurements. The discrepancy could also be explained by an additional star in the system. We jointly fit the astrometric and photometric measurements of the system to test different binary and triple architectures for the system. Depending on the set of evolutionary models used, we find an improved goodness of fit for a triple system architecture that includes a low-mass (M = 0.177 ± 0.055 M
⊙) companion to the primary star. Further studies of this system will be required in order to resolve this discrepancy, either by refining the parallax measurement with a more complex treatment of variability-induced astrometric motion or by detecting a third companion.
A Solution to Continuous RFI in Narrowband Radio SETI with FAST: The MultiBeam Point-source Scanning Strategy
Authors: Huang Bo-Lun , Tao Zhen-Zhao , Zhang Tong-Jie
Published: November 2023

Narrowband radio search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) in the 21st century suffers severely from radio frequency interference (RFI), resulting in a high number of false positives, and it could be the major reason why we have not yet received any messages from space. We thereby propose a novel observation strategy, called MultiBeam Point-source Scanning (MBPS), to revolutionize the way RFI is identified in narrowband radio SETI and provide a prominent solution to the current situation. The MBPS strategy is a simple yet powerful method that sequentially scans over the target star with different beams of a telescope, creating real-time references in the time domain for cross-verification and thus potentially identifying all continuous RFI with a level of certainty never achieved in any previous attempts. By applying the MBPS strategy during the observation of TRAPPIST-1 with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope, we successfully identified all 6972 received signals as RFI using the solid criteria introduced by the MBPS strategy. Therefore, we present the MBPS strategy as a promising tool that should bring us much closer to the first discovery of a genuine galactic greeting.
HH 80/81: Structure and Kinematics of the Fastest Protostellar Outflow
Authors: Bally John , Reipurth Bo
Published: November 2023

Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images obtained in 2018 are combined with archival HST data taken in 1995 to detect changes and measure proper motions in the HH 80/81 shock complex, which is powered by the fastest known jet driven by a forming star, the massive object IRAS 18162-2048. Some persistent features close to the radio jet axis have proper motions of >1000 km s−1 away from IRAS 18162-2048. About 3–5 pc downstream from the IRAS source and beyond HH 80/81, Hα emission traces the rim of a parsec-scale bubble blown by the jet. Lower speed motions are seen in [S ii] away from the jet axis; these features have a large component of motion at right angles to the jet. We identify new HH objects and H2 shocks in the counterflow opposite HH 80/81. The northeastern counterflow to HH 80/81 exhibits an extended but faint complex of 2.12 μm H2 shocks. The inner portion of the outflow is traced by dim 1.64 μm [Fe ii] emission. The full extent of this outflow is at least 1500″ (∼10 pc in projection at a distance of 1.4 kpc). We speculate about the conditions responsible for the production of the ultrafast jet and the absence of prominent large-scale molecular outflow lobes.
Predicting the Radiation Field of Molecular Clouds Using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models
Authors: Xu Duo , Offner Stella S. R. , Gutermuth Robert , Grudić Michael Y. , Guszejnov Dávid , Hopkins Philip F.
Published: November 2023

Accurately quantifying the impact of radiation feedback in star formation is challenging. To address this complex problem, we employ deep-learning techniques known as denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) to predict the interstellar radiation field (ISRF) strength based on three-band dust emission at 4.5, 24, and 250 μm. We adopt magnetohydrodynamic simulations from the STARFORGE project that model star formation and giant molecular cloud (GMC) evolution. We generate synthetic dust emission maps matching observed spectral energy distributions in the Monoceros R2 (MonR2) GMC. We train DDPMs to estimate the ISRF using synthetic three-band dust emission. The dispersion between the predictions and true values is within a factor of 0.1 for the test set. We extended our assessment of the diffusion model to include new simulations with varying physical parameters. While there is a consistent offset observed in these out-of-distribution simulations, the model effectively constrains the relative intensity to within a factor of 2. Meanwhile, our analysis reveals a weak correlation between the ISRF solely derived from dust temperature and the actual ISRF. We apply our trained model to predict the ISRF in MonR2, revealing a correspondence between intense ISRF, bright sources, and high dust emission, confirming the model’s ability to capture ISRF variations. Our model robustly predicts radiation feedback distribution, even in complex, poorly constrained ISRF environments like those influenced by nearby star clusters. However, precise ISRF predictions require an accurate training data set mirroring the target molecular cloud’s unique physical conditions.
A Chandra Study of the NGC 7618/UGC 12491 Major Group Merger at Apogee: Multiple Cold Fronts, Boxy Wings, Filaments, and Arc-shaped Slingshot Tails
Authors: Machacek M. E. , Jones C. , Kraft R. P. , Forman W. R. , Roediger E. , Sheardown A. , Wan J. T.
Published: November 2023

Analyses of major group mergers are key to understanding the evolution of large-scale structure in the Universe and the microphysical properties of the hot gas in these systems. We present imaging and spectral analyses of deep Chandra observations of hot gas structures formed in the major merger of the NGC 7618 and UGC 12491 galaxy groups and compare the observed hot gas morphology, temperatures, and abundances with recent simulations. The morphology of the observed multiple cold front edges and boxy wings are consistent with those expected to be formed by Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities and gas sloshing in inviscid gas. The arc-shaped slingshot tail morphologies seen in each galaxy suggest that the dominant galaxies are near their orbital apogee after having experienced at least one core passage at a large impact parameter.
Unraveling the Thermodynamic Enigma between Fast and Slow Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Khuntia Soumyaranjan , Mishra Wageesh , Mishra Sudheer K. , Wang Yuming , Zhang Jie , Lyu Shaoyu
Published: November 2023

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the most energetic expulsions of magnetized plasma from the Sun that play a crucial role in space weather dynamics. This study investigates the diverse kinematics and thermodynamic evolution of two CMEs (CME1: 2011 September 24 and CME2: 2018 August 20) at coronal heights where thermodynamic measurements are limited. The peak 3D propagation speed of CME1 is high (1885 km s−1) with two-phase expansion (rapid and nearly constant), while the peak 3D propagation speed of CME2 is slow (420 km s−1) with only a gradual expansion. We estimate the distance-dependent variations in the polytropic index, heating rate, temperature, and internal forces implementing the revised FRIS model, taking inputs of 3D kinematics estimated from the graduated cylindrical shell model. We find CME1 exhibiting heat release during its early-rapid acceleration decrease and jumps to the heat-absorption state during its constant acceleration phase. In contrast to CME1, CME2 shows a gradual transition from the near-adiabatic to the heat-absorption state during its gradually increasing acceleration. Our analysis reveals that although both CMEs show differential heating, they experience heat absorption during their later propagation phases, approaching the isothermal state. The faster CME1 achieves an adiabatic state followed by an isothermal state at smaller distances from the Sun than the slower CME2. We also find that the expansion of CMEs is primarily influenced by centrifugal and thermal pressure forces, with the Lorentz force impeding expansion. Multiwavelength observations of flux-ropes at source regions support the FRIS-model-derived findings at initially observed lower coronal heights.
Modeling a Coronal Mass Ejection from an Extended Filament Channel. II. Interplanetary Propagation to 1 au
Authors: Palmerio Erika , Maharana Anwesha , Lynch Benjamin J. , Scolini Camilla , Good Simon W. , Pomoell Jens , Isavnin Alexey , Kilpua Emilia K. J.
Published: November 2023

We present observations and modeling results of the propagation and impact at Earth of a high-latitude, extended filament channel eruption that commenced on 2015 July 9. The coronal mass ejection (CME) that resulted from the filament eruption was associated with a moderate disturbance at Earth. This event could be classified as a so-called “problem storm” because it lacked the usual solar signatures that are characteristic of large, energetic, Earth-directed CMEs that often result in significant geoeffective impacts. We use solar observations to constrain the initial parameters and therefore to model the propagation of the 2015 July 9 eruption from the solar corona up to Earth using 3D magnetohydrodynamic heliospheric simulations with three different configurations of the modeled CME. We find the best match between observed and modeled arrival at Earth for the simulation run that features a toroidal flux rope structure of the CME ejecta, but caution that different approaches may be more or less useful depending on the CME–observer geometry when evaluating the space weather impact of eruptions that are extreme in terms of their large size and high degree of asymmetry. We discuss our results in the context of both advancing our understanding of the physics of CME evolution and future improvements to space weather forecasting.
Coronal Magnetic Field Extrapolation and Topological Analysis of Fine-scale Structures during Solar Flare Precursors
Authors: He Wen , Jing Ju , Wang Haimin , Nayak Sushree S. , Prasad Avijeet
Published: November 2023

Magnetic field plays an important role in various solar eruption phenomena. The formation and evolution of the characteristic magnetic field topology in solar eruptions are critical problems that will ultimately help us understand the origin of these eruptions in the solar source regions. With the development of advanced techniques and instruments, observations with higher resolutions in different wavelengths and fields of view have provided more quantitative information for finer structures. It is therefore essential to improve the method with which we study the magnetic field topology in the solar source regions by taking advantage of high-resolution observations. In this study, we employ a nonlinear force-free field extrapolation method based on a nonuniform grid setting for an M-class flare eruption event (SOL2015-06-22T17:39) with embedded vector magnetograms from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the Goode Solar Telescope (GST). The extrapolation results for which the nonuniform embedded magnetogram for the bottom boundary was employed are obtained by maintaining the native resolutions of the corresponding GST and SDO magnetograms. We compare the field line connectivity with the simultaneous GST/Hα and SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly observations for these fine-scale structures, which are associated with precursor brightenings. Then we perform a topological analysis of the field line connectivity corresponding to fine-scale magnetic field structures based on the extrapolation results. The analysis results indicate that when we combine the high-resolution GST magnetogram with a larger magnetogram from the SDO, the derived magnetic field topology is consistent with a scenario of magnetic reconnection among sheared field lines across the main polarity inversion line during solar flare precursors.
Effect of Spherical Polarization on the Magnetic Spectrum of the Solar Wind
Authors: Dunn Corina , Bowen Trevor A. , Mallet Alfred , Badman Samuel T. , Bale Stuart D.
Published: November 2023

Magnetic fluctuations in the solar wind are often observed to maintain constant magnitude of the magnetic field in a manner consistent with spherically polarized large-amplitude Alfvén waves. We investigate the effect of spherical polarization on the magnetic spectral index through a statistical survey of magnetic fluctuations observed by Parker Solar Probe between 20 R
⊙ and 200 R
⊙. We find that deviations from spherical polarization, i.e., changes in ∣
B
∣ (compressive fluctuations) and one-dimensional discontinuities, have a dramatic effect on the scaling behavior of the turbulent fluctuations. We show that shallow k
−3/2 spectra are only observed for three-dimensional structures of constant magnetic field strength, which we identify as large-amplitude Alfvén waves. The presence of compressive fluctuations coincides with a steepening of the spectrum up to k
−5/3. Steeper power-law scalings approaching k
−2 are observed when the fluctuations are dominated by discontinuities. Near-Sun fluctuations are found to be the most spherically polarized, suggesting that this spherical state is fundamental to the generation of the solar wind. With increasing distance from the Sun, fluctuations are found to become less three-dimensional and more compressive, which may indicate the breakdown of the Alfvénic equilibrium state.
Prospects for Detecting γ-Ray Bursts at Very High Energies with the HADAR Experiment
Authors: Yao Yu-Hua , Wang Zhen , Chen Shi , Chen Tian-Lu , Feng You-Liang , Gao Qi , Gou Quan-Bu , Guo Yi-Qing , Hu Hong-Bo , Kang Ming-Ming , Li Hai-Jin , Liu Chen , Liu Mao-Yuan , Liu Wei , Min Fang-Sheng , Sun Hui-Ying , Qiao Bing-Qiang , Qian Xiang-Li , Wang Xu , Xin Guang-Guang , Yuan Qiang , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2023

Recent ground-based observations of TeV photons have significantly deepened our understanding of the nature of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). However, many fundamental problems remain unsolved concerning the physical mechanisms behind GRBs, necessitating the need for sufficient statistical data. The High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation (HADAR) experiment utilizes a wide-angle water Cherenkov telescope, presenting a novel approach to measure the spectra and variability of GRBs from 10 GeV to 10 TeV energy ranges with unprecedented photon statistics and thereby break new ground in elucidating the physics of GRBs, which is still poorly understood. In this study, a time-dependent numerical modeling technique is utilized to simulate extensive light curves and spectral energy distributions of synthetic GRB afterglow emissions. By harnessing the remarkable capabilities of HADAR, we evaluate its potential in detecting GRB afterglow emissions at energies >10 GeV. Through our analysis, we unveil the prospect of detecting an estimated 5.8 GRBs annually, facilitating a systematic investigation into their reliance on model parameters. Future HADAR observations would offer valuable insights into the magnetic field and the environmental conditions surrounding GRBs.
BayeSED-GALAXIES. I. Performance Test for Simultaneous Photometric Redshift and Stellar Population Parameter Estimation of Galaxies in the CSST Wide-field Multiband Imaging Survey
Authors: Han Yunkun , Fan Lulu , Zheng Xian Zhong , Bai Jin-Ming , Han Zhanwen
Published: November 2023

The forthcoming Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) wide-field multiband imaging survey will produce seven-band photometric spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for billions of galaxies. The effective extraction of astronomical information from these massive data sets of SEDs relies on the techniques of SED synthesis (or modeling) and SED analysis (or fitting). We evaluate the performance of the latest version of the BayeSED code combined with SED models with increasing complexity for simultaneously determining the photometric redshifts and stellar population parameters of galaxies in this survey. By using an empirical statistics–based mock galaxy sample without SED modeling errors, we show that the random observational errors in photometries are more important sources of errors than the parameter degeneracies and Bayesian analysis method and tool. By using a Horizon-AGN hydrodynamical simulation–based mock galaxy sample with SED modeling errors about the star formation histories (SFHs) and dust attenuation laws (DALs), the simple typical assumptions lead to significantly worse parameter estimation with CSST photometries only. SED models with more flexible (or complicated) forms of SFH/DAL do not necessarily lead to better estimation of redshift and stellar population parameters. We discuss the selection of the best SED model by means of Bayesian model comparison in different surveys. Our results reveal that Bayesian model comparison with Bayesian evidence may favor SED models with different complexities when using photometries from different surveys. Meanwhile, the SED model with the largest Bayesian evidence tends to give the best performance of parameter estimation, which is clearer for photometries with higher discriminative power.
Nonequilibrium Ionization Effects on Synthetic Spectra in the AWSoM Solar Corona
Authors: Szente J. , Landi E. , van der Holst B.
Published: November 2023

In this work, we combined AWSoM’s nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) calculations from Szente et al. with the synthetic spectral computations of SPECTRUM to predict nonequilibrium line intensities across the entire domain of the AWSoM 3D global model. We find that the resulting spectra are strongly affected by nonequilibrium effects in the fast-wind regions and streamer edges and that these effects propagate to narrowband images from SoHO/EIT, SECCHI/EUVI, and SDO/AIA. The dependence shows a different nature for each line observed, resulting in significant changes in line intensity, which need to be accounted for during plasma diagnostics. However, we also find that these effects depend on the local plasma properties, and that no single correction can be developed to account for nonequilibrium effects in observed spectra and images. With a comparison to observational data, we saw that the changes due to NEI, while significant, are not sufficient to account for the differences between Hinode/EIS spectra and AWSoM/SPECTRUM predictions.
Wavelengths and Energy Levels of the Upper Levels of Singly Ionized Nickel (Ni ii) from 3d
8(3
F)5f to 3d
8(3
F)9s
Authors: Clear Christian P. , Pickering Juliet C. , Nave Gillian , Uylings Peter , Raassen Ton
Published: November 2023

Using high-resolution spectra of Ni ii recorded using Fourier transform (FT) spectroscopy of continuous, nickel–helium hollow cathode discharge sources in the region 143–5555 nm (1800–70,000 cm−1, the analysis of 1016 Ni ii lines confirmed and optimized 206 previously reported energy levels of the (3
F) parent term, from 3d
8(3
F)5f to 3d
8(3
F)9s, lying between 122,060 and 138,563 cm−1. The uncertainties of these levels have been improved by at least an order of magnitude compared with their previously reported values. With the increased resolution and spectral range of the FT measurements, compared to previously published grating spectra, we were able to extend our analysis to identify and establish 33 new energy levels of Ni ii, which are reported here for the first time. Eigenvector compositions of all revised and newly established energy levels were calculated using the orthogonal operator method. In addition, an improved ionization energy of 146,541.35 ± 0.15 cm−1 for Ni ii, using highly excited levels of the 3d
8(3
F)5g, 3d
8(3
F)6g, and 3d
8(3
F)6h configurations, has been derived.
JWST Detects Neon Line Variability in a Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Espaillat C. C. , Thanathibodee T. , Pittman C. V. , Sturm J. A. , McClure M. K. , Calvet N. , Walter F. M. , Franco-Hernández R. , Muzerolle Page J.
Published: November 2023

We report the first detection of variability in the mid-infrared neon line emission of a protoplanetary disk by comparing a JWST Mid-InfraRed Instrument Medium Resolution Spectrometer spectrum of SZ Cha taken in 2023 with a Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph Short-High spectrum of this object from 2008. We measure the [Ne iii]-to-[Ne ii] line flux ratio, which is a diagnostic of the high-energy radiation field, to distinguish between the dominance of EUV- or X-ray-driven disk photoevaporation. We find that the [Ne iii]-to-[Ne ii] line flux ratio changes significantly from ∼1.4 in 2008 to ∼0.2 in 2023. This points to a switch from EUV-dominated to X-ray-dominated photoevaporation of the disk. We present contemporaneous ground-based optical spectra of the Hα emission line that show the presence of a strong wind in 2023. We propose that this strong wind prevents EUV radiation from reaching the disk surface while the X-rays permeate the wind and irradiate the disk. We speculate that at the time of the Spitzer observations, the wind was suppressed and EUV radiation reached the disk. These observations confirm that the MIR neon emission lines are sensitive to changes in high-energy radiation reaching the disk surface. This highlights the [Ne iii]-to-[Ne ii] line flux ratio as a tool to gauge the efficiency of disk photoevaporation in order to provide constraints on the planet formation timescale. However, multiwavelength observations are crucial to interpret the observations and properly consider the star–disk connection.
Extended dissipative analysis for memristive neural networks with two-delay components via a generalized delay-product-type Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional
Authors: Zhao Zirui , Lin Wenjuan
Published: November 2023

In this study, we deal with the problem of extended dissipativity analysis for memristive neural networks (MNNs) with two-delay components. The goal is to get less conservative extended dissipativity criteria for delayed MNNs. An improved Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) with some generalized delay-product-type terms is constructed based on the dynamic delay interval (DDI) method. Moreover, the derivative of the created LKF is estimated using the integral inequality technique, which includes the information of higher-order time-varying delay. Then, sufficient conditions are attained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to pledge the extended dissipative of MNNs via the new negative definite conditions of matrix-valued cubic polynomials. Finally, a numerical example is shown to prove the value and advantage of the presented approach.
Innovative strategies for Lassa fever epidemic control: a groundbreaking study
Authors: Ramzan Yasir , Awan Aziz Ullah , Ozair Muhammad , Hussain Takasar , Mahat Rahimah
Published: November 2023

This study aims to develop a mathematical model for analyzing Lassa fever transmission dynamics and proposing effective control measures. The stability of the Lassa fever-free equilibrium point is examined and the model's accuracy is assessed using real-world data. Additionally, the parameter values and the basic reproduction number are estimated. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted, which identifies the key drivers influencing transmission dynamics. Moreover, the impact of model parameters on basic reproduction numbers is investigated. Multiple control methodologies including use of Ribavirin, implementing mobile health technology and incorporating natural predators are devised and analyzed using optimal control theory to curtail virus transmission.
Persister-mediated emergence of antimicrobial resistance in agriculture due to antibiotic growth promoters
Authors: Thompson Noah T , Kitzenberg David A , Kao Daniel J
Published: November 2023

The creation and continued development of antibiotics have revolutionized human health and disease for the past century. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance represents a major threat to human health, and practices that contribute to the development of this threat need to be addressed. Since the 1950s, antibiotics have been used in low doses to increase growth and decrease the feed requirement of animal-derived food sources. A consequence of this practice is the accelerated emergence of antimicrobial resistance that can influence human health through its distribution via animal food products. In the laboratory setting, sublethal doses of antibiotics promote the expansion of bacterial persister populations, a low energy, low metabolism phenotype characterized broadly by antibiotic tolerance. Furthermore, the induction of persister bacteria has been positively correlated with an increased emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. This body of evidence suggests that the use of antibiotics in agriculture at subtherapeutic levels is actively catalyzing the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through the expansion of bacterial persister populations, which is potentially leading to increased infections in humans and decreased antibiotic potency. There is an urgent need to address this debilitating effect on antibiotics and its influence on human health. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on the topic of emerging antimicrobial resistance and its association with bacterial persister populations.
Diversidad de hormigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) en un área natural vs otra reforestada a lo largo de la costa atlántica marroquí
Authors: Fernane Asmaa , Taheri‍ Ahmed , Najjari Aya , Reyes-López‍ Joaquín-Luis
Published: November 2023

La costa de la provincia de El Jadida es una de las zonas costeras atlánticas marroquíes con destacado interés biológico, ecológico y paisajístico, que se extiende desde la desembocadura del río Oum Er Rabia hasta las dunas y bosques costeros. Sin embargo, esta área protegida sigue siendo poco conocida en términos de su componente entomológico y aún no ha sido objeto de medidas de conservación. Para abordar esta falta de datos entomológicos, realizamos cuatro campañas de muestreo de hormigas entre abril y mayo de 2022, utilizando el método de trampa de caída en dos sitios diferentes: el “Sitio de Interés Biológico y Ecológico” de Haouzia y el bosque explotado de Chiadma. Registramos un total de 19 especies de hormigas, pertenecientes a 11 géneros y tres subfamilias: Myrmicinae (70,39%), Dolichoderinae (17,66%) y Formicinae (11,96%). Las especies más abundantes fueron Aphaenogaster senilis y Tapinoma simrothi, que representaron el 49,36% y el 17,66% de los especímenes, respectivamente. La mayor diversidad de hormigas se encontró en el matorral natural de Haouzia, con 13 especies y un índice de Shannon de 5,9, en comparación con 11 especies y un índice de Shannon de 3,5 en el bosque reforestado de Chiadma. Además, a excepción de Aphaenogaster theryi y Cataglyphis vaucheri, todas las especies de hormigas capturadas son nuevos registros para la costa de la provincia de El Jadida, y ambos sitiosmostraron conjuntamente una tasa muy alta de endemismo de hormigas marroquíes (31,57%). El análisis de escalamiento multidimensional no métrico mostró una clara separación entre los dos ecosistemas muestreados. Nuestros resultados sugieren un potencial efecto negativo de la reforestación de eucaliptos en la biodiversidad local, y destacan la urgente necesidad de medidas de conservación para proteger la notable biodiversidad albergada por el “Sitio de Interés Biológico y Ecológico” de Haouzia y sus alrededores.
An Information Service Platform for Decision Support in Academic Admissions Using Data Fabrics and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Tasatanattakool Pinyaphat , Nongnuch Krommavut , Wannapiroon Panita , Nilsook Prachyanun
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the architecture of an information service platform for decision support in academic admissions, utilizing data fabrics and artificial intelligence. The factors affecting students’ further education can be classified into four main types: (1) the course, (2) image, (3) personal reasoning of the student, and (4) public relations. The process of providing information for decision support in academic admissions can be divided into six stages: (1) collecting information, (2) matching study guidance, (3) recommending appropriate education, (4) confirming information, (5) assessing student admissions, and (6) providing feedback. Data fabric is an increasingly popular technology application for data management. The data fabric architecture consists of six layers: (1) an augmented data catalog, (2) a knowledge graph enriched with semantics, (3) metadata activation, (4) a recommendation engine for active metadata, (5) data preparation and integration, and (6) orchestration and data operations. A smart decision support system (DSS) technology is used to assist in decision-making. The results showed that this architecture has an excellent level of suitability (mean = 4.56, standard deviation = 0.35). It can be applied to a university to help it become a digital university and align with its mission.
Microlearning: Transforming Education with Bite-Sized Learning on the Go—Insights and Applications
Authors: Samala Agariadne Dwinggo , Bojic Ljubisa , Bekiroğlu Derya , Watrianthos Ronal , Hendriyani Yeka
Published: November 2023

This research delves into microlearning, emphasizing its potential as a transformative tool in the digital age. It extends the theoretical foundations of microlearning, investigates evolving trends, provides practical examples, and discusses the implications associated with education. This is not only to contribute to the growing momentum of microlearning research but also to pave the way for future advancements. The study focuses on Scopus-indexed publications using a systematic review aligned with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and combined with bibliometric analysis. According to the analysis, there has been a noticeable increase in publications related to microlearning since 2015, highlighting a growing interest and contributions from scholars worldwide. The findings corroborate that microlearning is not just about providing learning material in small, easily digestible portions. Crucially, microlearning goes beyond the delivery of bite-sized content. Its flourishing research trajectory underscores its significance, especially for Generation Z and succeeding digitally native generations who are accustomed to smartphones, the Internet, and digital information. Hopefully, these findings offer valuable insights and serve as a reference for the education, government, business, and academic sectors to promote, design, and implement microlearning.
La nuit de la parole
Authors: Puccio-Den Deborah
Published: November 2023

Les cinq scènes qui se jouent dans ce livre répondent à deux questions : comment scruter ce qui n’est pas dit, ne s’entend pas, ne se touche pas, ne se voit pas, se cache ? Quoi de commun entre un bal de carnaval slave, la procession d’une Vierge andalouse, l’omerta mafieuse, la rêverie d’un juge cloîtré et la kizomba, danse en banlieue parisienne ? Interrogeant le mutisme de différentes sociétés, l’auteure en découvre la trame commune : les conceptions de la nuit et de son pouvoir métamorphique. La nuit possède une force d’action foudroyante, et, cachée sous nos logiques apparentes, les fait voler en éclats : comme elle, le silence révèle la possibilité de transformer notre vision du réel et nos modes de connaissance ; il dévoile une autre face du monde, des croyances et des habitudes sous-jacentes, redoutées ou interdites, conscientes ou inconscientes, accouchant d’un corps nouveau, transformant les objets, les hommes et les sociétés diurnes et parlantes. Le silence est une parole bousculée comme la nuit est une anamorphose du jour. Une anthropologie des sens est le terreau brûlant de ce travail : la reconnaissance impossible sous le masque, l’ouïe trompée par un silence canonique ou mafieux, une Vierge muette chahutée comme une femme, l’art domestique d’un homme perdu, le toucher drastiquement contraint d’une danse qui saisit le corps entier. Ce point crucial induit chez l’enquêtrice, observatrice et participante, une remarquable ethnographie du soi.
Classification Prediction of Lung Cancer Based on Machine Learning Method
Authors: Li Dantong , Li Guixin , Li Shuang , Bang Ashley
Published: November 2023

The K-nearest neighbor interpolation method was used to fill in missing data of five indicators of coronary heart disease, diabetes, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and albumin;, and the SMOTE algorithm was used to balance the number of variable indicators. The Relief-F algorithm was used to remove 18 variable indicators and retain 42 variable indicators. LASSO and ridge regression algorithms were used to remove eight variable indicators and retain 52 variable indicators; The prediction accuracy, recall, and AUC values of the linear kernel support vector machine model filtered using Relief-F and LASSO features are high, and the prediction results are optimal; The test result of random forest screened by Relief-F and LASSO features is better than that of the support vector machine model. It is concluded that the random forest model screened by Relief-F features is better as a prediction of lung cancer typing. The research results provide theoretical data support for predicting lung cancer classification using machine learning methods.
CD8+ T Cell–Dependent Antitumor Activity In Vivo of a Mass Spectrometry–Identified Neoepitope despite Undetectable CD8+ Immunogenicity In Vitro
Authors: Gillig Marc A , Brennick Cory A , George Mariam M , Balsbaugh Jeremy L , Shcheglova Tatiana V , Mandoiu Ion I , Rosales Tatiana , Baker Brian M , Srivastava Pramod K , Karandikar Sukrut H
Published: November 2023

Identification of neoepitopes that can control tumor growth in vivo remains a challenge even 10 y after the first genomics-defined cancer neoepitopes were identified. In this study, we identify a neoepitope, resulting from a mutation in the junction plakoglobin (Jup) gene (chromosome 11), from the mouse colon cancer line MC38-FABF (C57BL/6). This neoepitope, Jup mutant (JupMUT), was detected during mass spectrometry of MHC class I–eluted peptides from the tumor. JupMUT has a predicted binding affinity of 564 nM for the Kb molecule and a higher predicted affinity of 82 nM for Db. However, whereas structural modeling of JupMUT and its unmutated counterpart Jup wild-type indicates that there are little conformational differences between the two epitopes bound to Db, large structural divergences are predicted between the two epitopes bound to Kb. Together with in vitro binding data with RMA-S cells, these data suggest that Kb rather than Db is the relevant MHC class I molecule of JupMUT. Immunization of naive C57BL/6 mice with JupMUT elicits CD8-dependent tumor control of a MC38-FABF challenge. Despite the CD8 dependence of JupMUT-mediated tumor control in vivo, CD8+ T cells from JupMUT-immunized mice do not produce higher levels of IFN-γ than do naive mice. The structural and immunological characteristics of JupMUT are substantially different from those of many other neoepitopes that have been shown to mediate tumor control.
Formality and finiteness in rational homotopy theory
Authors: Suciu Alexander I.
Published: November 2023

We explore various formality and finiteness properties in the differential graded algebra models for the Sullivan algebra of piecewise polynomial rational forms on a space. The

1

-formality property of the space may be reinterpreted in terms of the filtered and graded formality properties of the Malcev Lie algebra of its fundamental group, while some of the finiteness properties of the space are mirrored in the finiteness properties of algebraic models associated with it. In turn, the formality and finiteness properties of algebraic models have strong implications on the geometry of the cohomology jump loci of the space. We illustrate the theory with examples drawn from complex algebraic geometry, actions of compact Lie groups, and

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-dimensional manifolds.
Long non-coding RNA CDKN2B-AS1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via E2F transcription factor 1/G protein subunit alpha Z axis
Authors: Tao Zhi-Gang , Yuan Yu-Xiao , Wang Guo-Wei
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

A series of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play a crucial role in cancer biology. Some previous studies report that lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 is involved in some human malignancies. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully deciphered.

AIM

To decipher the role of CDKN2B-AS1 in the progression of HCC.

METHODS

CDKN2B-AS1 expression in HCC was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The malignant phenotypes of Li-7 and SNU-182 cells were detected by the CCK-8 method, EdU method, and flow cytometry, respectively. RNA immunoprecipitation was executed to confirm the interaction between CDKN2B-AS1 and E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1). Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to verify the binding of E2F1 to the promoter of G protein subunit alpha Z (GNAZ). E2F1 and GNAZ were detected by western blot in HCC cells.

RESULTS

In HCC tissues, CDKN2B-AS1 was upregulated. Depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells, and the depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 also induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. CDKN2B-AS1 could interact with E2F1. Depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited the binding of E2F1 to the GNAZ promoter region. Overexpression of E2F1 reversed the biological effects of depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 on the malignant behaviors of HCC cells.

CONCLUSION

CDKN2B-AS1 recruits E2F1 to facilitate GNAZ transcription to promote HCC progression.
Application of convolutional neural network-based endoscopic imaging in esophageal cancer or high-grade dysplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Jun-Qi , Mi Jun-Jie , Wang Rong
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Esophageal cancer is the seventh-most common cancer type worldwide, accounting for 5% of death from malignancy. Development of novel diagnostic techniques has facilitated screening, early detection, and improved prognosis. Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based image analysis promises great potential for diagnosing and determining the prognosis of esophageal cancer, enabling even early detection of dysplasia.

AIM

To conduct a meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of CNN models for the diagnosis of esophageal cancer and high-grade dysplasia (HGD).

METHODS

PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published up to November 30, 2022. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of using the CNN model with still image-based analysis and with video-based analysis for esophageal cancer or HGD, as well as for the invasion depth of esophageal cancer. The pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and area under the curve (AUC) were estimated, together with the 95% confidence intervals (CI). A bivariate method and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic method were used to calculate the diagnostic test accuracy of the CNN model. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were used to identify sources of heterogeneity.

RESULTS

A total of 28 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Using still image-based analysis for the diagnosis of esophageal cancer or HGD provided a pooled sensitivity of 0.95 (95%CI: 0.92-0.97), pooled specificity of 0.92 (0.89-0.94), PLR of 11.5 (8.3-16.0), NLR of 0.06 (0.04-0.09), DOR of 205 (115-365), and AUC of 0.98 (0.96-0.99). When video-based analysis was used, a pooled sensitivity of 0.85 (0.77-0.91), pooled specificity of 0.73 (0.59-0.83), PLR of 3.1 (1.9-5.0), NLR of 0.20 (0.12-0.34), DOR of 15 (6-38) and AUC of 0.87 (0.84-0.90) were found. Prediction of invasion depth resulted in a pooled sensitivity of 0.90 (0.87-0.92), pooled specificity of 0.83 (95%CI: 0.76-0.88), PLR of 7.8 (1.9-32.0), NLR of 0.10 (0.41-0.25), DOR of 118 (11-1305), and AUC of 0.95 (0.92-0.96).

CONCLUSION

CNN-based image analysis in diagnosing esophageal cancer and HGD is an excellent diagnostic method with high sensitivity and specificity that merits further investigation in large, multicenter clinical trials.
Automotive Fuels Reference Book, Fourth Edition
Authors:   Innospec Ltd. (ret.), Richards Paul , Barker Jim ,   Innospec Ltd.
Published: November 2023

The earlier editions of this title have been best-selling definitive references for those needing technical information about automotive fuels. This long-awaited latest edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, yet retains the original fundamental fuels information that readers find so useful. This book is written for those with an interest in or a need to understand automotive fuels. Because automotive fuels can no longer be developed in isolation from the engines that will convert the fuel into the power necessary to drive our automobiles, knowledge of automotive fuels will also be essential to those working with automotive engines. Small quantities of fuel additives increasingly play an important role in bridging the gap that often exists between fuel that can easily be produced and fuel that is needed by the ever-more sophisticated automotive engine. This book pulls together in a single, extensively referenced volume, the three different but related topics of automotive fuels, fuel additives, and engines, and shows how all three areas work together. It includes a brief history of automotive fuels development, followed by chapters on automotive fuels manufacture from crude oil and other fossil sources. One chapter is dedicated to the manufacture of automotive fuels and fuel blending components from renewable sources, including e-fuels. The safe handling, transport, and storage of fuels, from all sources, are covered. New combustion systems to achieve reduced emissions and increased efficiency are discussed, and the way in which the fuels’ physical and chemical characteristics affect these combustion processes and the emissions produced are included. As CO2 is now an important emission there is also discussion regarding low and non-carbon fuels and how they might be used. There is also discussion on engine fuel system development and how these different systems affect the corresponding fuel requirements. Because the book is for a global market, fuel system technologies that only exist in the legacy fleet in some markets are included. The way in which fuel requirements are developed and specified is discussed. This covers test methods from simple laboratory bench tests, through engine testing, and long-term test procedures.
Methyl alcohol intoxication in Izmir: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Armağan Uysal Hasan , Güllüoğlu Halil , Kuzu Kumcu Müge , Nazlı Durmaz Çelik Fatma
Published: November 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate methyl alcohol poisoning cases in Izmir.

Patients and methods: The retrospective study included 15 patients (14 males, 1 female; mean age: 56.1±9.3 years; range, 40 to 71 years) diagnosed with methyl alcohol poisoning due to counterfeit alcoholic beverage consumption between October 1, 2020, and October 30, 2020. Patients were grouped according to survival. The demographic and clinical data, including the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scoring and Glasgow Coma Scale scores, were compared.

Results: Of the patients, eight (53.3%) died, and seven survived. There was no significant difference between deceased and surviving patients regarding optical nerve involvement, mechanical ventilation need, and dyspnea (p=0.057, p=0.467, and p=0.467, respectively). On the other hand, a significant difference was observed between deceased and surviving patients regarding radiological imaging, visual impairment, gastrointestinal symptoms, and vasopressor agent need (p=0.044, p<0.001, p=0.011, and p=0.026, respectively). Mortality was significantly correlated with vasopressor agent needs, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and Glasgow Coma Scale score (p=0.009; r=0.645, p=0.009; r=–0.652, p=0.008; and r=0.562, p=0.029; respectively).

Conclusion: Methyl alcohol poisoning is a common and even accelerating problem in Türkiye and results in high mortality and morbidity. Clinical, social, and economic strategies should be developed by national authorities to combat the issue.
Racial and Ethnical Discrepancies and Similarities in the Epidemiology, Survival, and Neurological Outcomes After Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Data from the NASCIS-1 Trial
Authors: Furlan Julio C.
Published: November 2023

Background

Little is known about the impact of race/ethnicity on the clinical and neurological outcomes after acute traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI).

Objectives

This study examined the influence of race/ethnicity on the individuals’ survival and neurological recovery within the first year after tSCI.

Methods

The 306 cases enrolled in the First National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (NASCIS-1) were grouped as African American individuals (n = 84), non-Hispanic White individuals (n = 159), and other races/ethnicities that included Hispanic individuals (n = 60) and Asian individuals (n = 3). Outcome measures included survival and neurological recovery within the first year after tSCI. Data analyses were adjusted for major potential confounders.

Results

There were 39 females and 267 males with mean age of 31 years who mostly sustained cervical severe tSCI after motor vehicle accidents or falls. The three groups were comparable regarding sex distribution, level and severity of tSCI, level of consciousness at admission, and total received dose of methylprednisolone. African American individuals were significantly older than non-Hispanic White individuals (p = .0238). African American individuals and individuals of other races/ethnicities more often had a tSCI with open wound caused by missile and water-related accidents than non-Hispanic White individuals (p < .0001). Survival rates within the first year after tSCI were comparable among the three groups (p = .3191). Among the survivors, there were no significant differences among the three groups regarding motor and pinprick and light-touch sensory recovery (p > .0500).

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that, while there were few differences among the racial/ethnical groups regarding the epidemiology of tSCI, race/ethnicity did not influence survival rate or neurological recovery within the first year post-tSCI.