bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Fractures of the Humeral Surgical Neck: MIROS Versus Intramedullary Nailing—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Palco Michelangelo , Giuca Gabriele , Fenga Domenico , Sanzarello Ilaria , Nanni Matteo , Leonetti Danilo
Published: December 2024

This retrospective study compares the clinical outcomes of the Minimally Invasive Reduction and Osteosynthesis System (MIROS) and intramedullary nailing (IMN) in treating isolated surgical neck fractures of the humerus. A total of 42 patients were included, with 18 treated using MIROS and 24 with IMN. The primary outcomes assessed were the complication rates, functional recovery (DASH score), pain levels (VAS), and radiological healing. The MIROS group exhibited a higher complication rate (22.2% vs. 8.8%), with K-wire migration and superficial infections being the most frequent. Patients treated with MIROS reported lower postoperative pain (VAS 45 ± 25.7) compared to the IMN group (VAS 58.1 ± 12.5). Both groups demonstrated radiological healing within three months, but one MIROS patient required reoperation due to hardware failure. No significant differences were observed in the DASH scores between the groups. Our findings suggest that IMN is a preferable treatment option for younger patients with good bone quality, while MIROS may still be beneficial for elderly patients with significant comorbidities, albeit with a higher risk of complications. Future prospective studies are recommended to confirm these findings.
Blockchain-Enabled Pension System Innovations: A Hungarian Case Study on Business Process Management Integration
Authors: Kovács Dániel , Molnár Bálint , Weininger Viktor
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the integration of Business Process Management (BPM) with blockchain technology to enhance pension systems, using Hungary as a case study. Specifically, it addresses scientific challenges related to data access management, regulatory compliance, and system scalability within blockchain-based pension frameworks. This study investigates how BPM can improve the transparency, efficiency, and security of blockchain applications in pension administration by optimizing workflows and automating compliance with regulations such as GDPR. By analyzing operational flow diagrams and implementing architectural models, this paper presents an innovative approach to pension management, demonstrating significant improvements in service quality and operational efficiency. Findings from this research provide empirical evidence of the benefits of BPM-enhanced blockchain systems, offering insights applicable to pension systems beyond the Hungarian context, including examples from other countries.
Performance Evaluation of Recycled Fibers in Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Leiva-Villacorta Fabricio , Cerdas-Murillo Alvaro
Published: December 2024

This study presents the results of using innovative and sustainable recycled fibers in different asphalt mixtures. Laboratory design and performance evaluation were focused on the cracking and rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures reinforced with recycled fibers. Two mixtures were designed for this research: 1. A dense-graded hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixture containing 15% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and a PG 64-22 asphalt binder. 2. A cold-recycled mixture (CRM) incorporating silica fume and Portland cement as a mineral filler and CSS-1H asphalt emulsion. The recycled fibers used in this study included PET, LDPE, and carbon and rubber fibers. A balanced mix design (BMD) approach based on cracking and rutting performance parameters was used to design the control mixtures. The IDEAL-CT (ASTM D8225) was conducted to assess the cracking resistance, and the IDEAL-RT (ASTM D8360) was applied for rutting resistance. For the HMA mixture, results showed that the addition of PET, carbon, and rubber fibers enhanced cracking resistance and influenced the rutting resistance; ANOVA analyses revealed statistically significant differences in both CT index and RT index between the control mixture and the fiber-reinforced mixtures. In the case of the cold-recycled mixtures, the addition of LDPE, PET, and rubber improved cracking resistance; however, a decrease in rutting resistance was also observed among the evaluated CRM samples.
Synthesis and Study of Oxide Semiconductor Nanoheterostructures in SiO2/Si Track Template
Authors: Dauletbekova Alma , Junisbekova Diana , Baimukhanov Zein , Kareiva Aivaras , Popov Anatoli I. , Platonenko Alexander , Akilbekov Abdirash , Abdrakhmetova Ainash , Aralbayeva Gulnara , Koishybayeva Zhanymgul , Khamdamov Jonibek
Published: December 2024

In this study, chemical deposition was used to synthesize structures of Ga2O3 -NW/SiO2/Si (NW—nanowire) at 348 K and SnO2-NW/SiO2/Si at 323 K in track templates SiO2/Si (either n- or p-type). The resulting crystalline nanowires were δ-Ga2O3 and orthorhombic SnO2. Computer modeling of the delta phase of gallium oxide yielded a lattice parameter of a = 9.287 Å, which closely matched the experimental range of 9.83–10.03 Å. The bandgap is indirect with an Eg = 5.5 eV. The photoluminescence spectra of both nanostructures exhibited a complex band when excited by light with λ = 5.16 eV, dominated by luminescence from vacancy-type defects. The current–voltage characteristics of δ-Ga2O3 NW/SiO2/Si-p showed one-way conductivity. This structure could be advantageous in devices where a reverse current is undesirable. The p-n junction with a complex structure was formed. This junction consists of a polycrystalline nanowire base exhibiting n-type conductivity and a monocrystalline Si substrate with p-type conductivity. The I–V characteristics of SnO2-NW/SiO2/Si suggested near-metallic conductivity due to the presence of metallic tin.
Study on the Alleviation of Performance Degradation and Voltage Stability of PEMFC by Adding Silica Under Low-Temperature and Low-Humidity Conditions
Authors: Bai Qiang , Hsieh Chuangyu , Liu Zhenghong , Chen Qipeng , Weng Fangbor
Published: December 2024

This study enhances PEMFC performance at low temperature and low humidity by incorporating hydrophilic inorganic silica materials inside the PEMFC. Firstly, the polarization performance of the cell under varying humidity levels was investigated using a controlled variable method. Secondly, the power stability of the PEMFC was examined by observing voltage stability under constant current. Finally, the cell’s transient response at startup was studied. Experimental results indicate that the addition of silica partially mitigates the significant performance decline of the cell under a high humidity range (100% RH–50% RH). However, the effect is relatively average in a low humidity range (50% RH–20% RH).
Length–Weight Relationships of Commercial Species in the Eastern Australian Sea Cucumber Fishery
Authors: McSpadden Kristen L. , Raoult Vincent , Koopman Matthew , Knuckey Ian A. , Williamson Jane E.
Published: December 2024

Biological data, such as length–weight relationships, are essential for the management and stewardship of harvested individuals. Sea cucumbers are a lucrative industry globally but many of the associated fisheries lack species-level biological data, which reduces the effectiveness of any management strategy. The Queensland Sea Cucumber Fishery (QSCF) on the Great Barrier Reef is managed through various controls: primarily catch limits, effort limits, zoning, and size restrictions. Over 20 species may be harvested but there is a lack of comprehensive biological data for many of these species, particularly important life history characteristics. This study addresses this knowledge gap by assessing 2621 individual length–weight relationships of key-target sea cucumber species associated with the fishery across the range of the distribution of the species and covering a variety of habitats, depths, sampling times, and management zones. Linear models with log transformations were used to analyse the relationships between length and weight. Results revealed significant positive relationships for all assessed species, with Holothuria atra having the clearest relationship between length and weight (R2 = 0.45). Only negative allometric relationships were observed, as is the case for many species of holothurians. Despite challenges associated with measuring and weighing these soft and elastic animals, results will be useful for understanding length–weight dynamics across species. This research underscores the importance of robust biological data for the effective management of sea cucumber fisheries and ultimately reef health.
Effects of Physical Exercise on the Body Composition and Functionality in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Souza-Santos Daysa de , Taiar Redha , Bachur José Alexandre , Torres-Nunes Luiza , Monteiro-Oliveira Bruno Bessa , de Oliveira Guedes-Aguiar Eliane , Coelho-Oliveira Ana Carolina , Amaral Mendonça Vanessa , Rodrigues Lacerda Ana Cristina , Sonza Anelise , Seixas Adérito , Bernardo-Filho Mario , de Sá-Caputo Danúbia da Cunha
Published: December 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous condition with airflow limitation and obstructive characteristics of respiratory function. In addition, musculoskeletal dysfunction and negative changes in body composition, among other comorbidities associated with this disease, result in a low quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), which includes physical exercise, can positively contribute to improving the clinical conditions in individuals with COPD. Objective: This systematic review aims to summarize the scientific evidence on the impact of physical exercise on body composition and functionality in individuals with COPD. Methods: Through Boolean searches, which were carried out in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, 989 studies were identified. Among these studies, six were selected based on the eligibility criteria. Results: These studies presented a level of evidence II according to National Health and Medical Research Council criteria, with a predominance of regular methodological quality of regular according to the PEDro scale. Four studies presented a high risk of bias, and two presented a low risk of bias according to the criteria of the RoB instrument. The isolated assessment of each domain (2.0 Cochrane) presented a prevalence of 57% with a low risk of bias, followed by 23% with high risk and 20% with an uncertain risk of bias. According to the data regarding outcomes of different studies, an improvement in functional capacity through physical exercise by individuals with COPD was observed. Simultaneously there were reports regarding body composition demonstrating no significant improvement in fat-free mass and fat mass. Conclusions: Improvements in the body composition and functionality in individuals with COPD can promote a better quality of life, favoring the management of this population. This systematic review presents evidence of the potential benefit of improving the functionality of individuals with COPD. Other aspects of the health of this population were also improved, such as quality of life. However, the results related to body composition are inconclusive regarding a decrease in fat mass and an increase in fat-free mass. Therefore, studies of higher quality should be developed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on the body composition of individuals with COPD.
Serial Examination of Platelet Function Tests Might Predict Prognosis of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke—A Cohort Study
Authors: Ho Hsin-Ju , Wu Li-Ching , Chen Yu-Wei
Published: December 2024

Background: This study investigated whether point-of-care platelet function measurements could predict favorable outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Antiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, are known to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke by 20–30%. However, identifying nonresponders to therapy remains a clinical challenge. The study aimed to assess the prognostic value of serial Platelet Function Analyzer (PFA)-100 measurements and hematological ratios in AIS patients. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 212 AIS patients in Taiwan. Platelet function was assessed at baseline, week 2, and week 4 using PFA-100. The primary outcome was functional recovery, defined by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–3, at 1-month and 1-year. Subgroup analyses compared outcomes between pre- and post-aspirin administrations. Statistical analyses examined the association between changes in platelet function and clinical outcomes. Results: Difference in collagen and epinephrine (CEPI) measurements between baseline and week 2 was associated with favorable mRS scores (p < 0.001). A difference in CEPI closure time greater than 99 seconds was most predictive of a favorable outcome with an adjusted odds ratio of 11.859 (95% CI 2.318–60.669) at 1-month follow-up. Subgroup analyses revealed predictive value in pre-aspirin measurements at 1-month follow-up (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Serial PFA-100 measurements and hematological biomarkers, specifically changes in on-treatment CEPI closure times, may help predict favorable clinical outcome in AIS patients. These findings suggest that dynamic platelet function assessment could play a role in optimizing antiplatelet therapy in AIS management.
An Artificial Intelligence-Based Automatic Classifier for the Presence of False Lumen Thrombosis After Frozen Elephant Trunk Operation
Authors: Osswald Anja , Tsagakis Konstantinos , Thielmann Matthias , Lumsden Alan B. , Ruhparwar Arjang , Karmonik Christof
Published: December 2024

Objective: To develop an unsupervised artificial intelligence algorithm for identifying and quantifying the presence of false lumen thrombosis (FL) after Frozen Elephant Trunk (FET) operation in computed tomography angiographic (CTA) images in an interdisciplinary approach. Methods: CTA datasets were retrospectively collected from eight patients after FET operation for aortic dissection from a single center. Of those, five patients had a residual aortic dissection with partial false lumen thrombosis, and three patients had no false lumen or thrombosis. Centerlines of the aortic lumen were defined, and images were calculated perpendicular to the centerline. Lumen and thrombosis were outlined and used as input for a variational autoencoder (VAE) using 2D convolutional neural networks (2D CNN). A 2D latent space was chosen to separate images containing false lumen patency, false lumen thrombosis and no presence of false lumen. Classified images were assigned a thrombus score for the presence or absence of FL thrombosis and an average score for each patient. Results: Images reconstructed by the trained 2D CNN VAE corresponded well to original images with thrombosis. Average thrombus scores for the five patients ranged from 0.05 to 0.36 where the highest thrombus scores coincided with the location of the largest thrombus lesion. In the three patients without large thrombus lesions, average thrombus scores ranged from 0.002 to 0.01. Conclusions: The presence and absence of a FL thrombus can be automatically classified by the 2D CNN VAE for patient-specific CTA image datasets. As FL thrombosis is an indication for positive aortic remodeling, evaluation of FL status is essential in follow-up examinations. The presented proof-of-concept is promising for the automated classification and quantification of FL thrombosis.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Effectiveness and pH Variation of Dental Bleaching Gels and Their Effect on Enamel Surface Roughness
Authors: Veneri Federica , Cavani Francesco , Bolelli Giovanni , Checchi Vittorio , Bizzi Alessia , Setti Giacomo , Generali Luigi
Published: December 2024

Objectives: Potential adverse effects and pH-related effectiveness of bleaching agents have raised some concerns. The aim of this study was to compare three bleaching agents containing hydrogen peroxide (HP) and carbamide peroxide (CP) in terms of whitening effectiveness, pH variation, and changes in enamel surface roughness. Methods: After controlled staining with a black tea solution, 42 human enamel specimens underwent bleaching treatment using the following agents: HP 40%; HP 35%; CP 16%. Color changes were evaluated according to the CIEDE2000 system. Gel pH was measured before and after each application. Surface roughness (Sa) was assessed through optical 3D profilometry before and after bleaching treatment. Results: The whitening effectiveness was similar for HP 40% and HP 35% while CP 16% had significantly lower results. HP 40% showed a remarkable pH acidification (−0.41), while HP 35% and CP 16% showed a mild increase in pH values (+0.26 and +0.03, respectively), and the differences between HP 40% and HP 35% and between HP 35% and CP 16% were statistically significant. Sa slightly decreased in all groups after bleaching, with no significant differences among them and a significant difference in HP 40% before and after treatment. Conclusions: Similar bleaching results were achieved regardless of pH and HP concentration for HP-based agents, while a lower bleaching effect was observed for the less concentrated CP-based agent, as anticipated. Higher HP and greater tendency to pH instability induced more pronounced modifications of surface roughness. This in vitro study suggests that bleaching gels with neutral and stable pH ensure good bleaching effectiveness and are less likely to cause enamel surface changes.
Effects of Temperature and Random Forces in Phase Transformation of Multi-Stable Systems
Authors: Florio Giuseppe , Giordano Stefano , Puglisi Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

Multi-stable behavior at the microscopic length-scale is fundamental for phase transformation phenomena observed in many materials. These phenomena can be driven not only by external mechanical forces but are also crucially influenced by disorder and thermal fluctuations. Disorder, arising from structural defects or fluctuations in external stimuli, disrupts the homogeneity of the material and can significantly alter the system’s response, often leading to the suppression of cooperativity in the phase transition. Temperature can further introduce novel effects, modifying energy barriers and transition rates. The study of the effects of fluctuations requires the use of a framework that naturally incorporates the interaction of the system with the environment, such as Statistical Mechanics to account for the role of temperature. In the case of complex phenomena induced by disorder, advanced methods such as the replica method (to derive analytical formulas) or refined numerical methods based, for instance, on Monte Carlo techniques, may be needed. In particular, employing models that incorporate the main features of the physical system under investigation and allow for analytical results that can be compared with experimental data is of paramount importance for describing many realistic physical phenomena, which are often studied while neglecting the critical effect of randomness or by utilizing numerical techniques. Additionally, it is fundamental to efficiently derive the macroscopic material behavior from microscale properties, rather than relying solely on phenomenological approaches. In this perspective, we focus on a paradigmatic model that includes both nearest-neighbor interactions with multi-stable (elastic) energy terms and linear long-range interactions, capable of ensuring the presence of an ordered phase. Specifically, to study the effect of environmental noise on the control of the system, we include random fluctuation in external forces. We numerically analyze, on a small-size system, how the interplay of temperature and disorder can significantly alter the system’s phase transition behavior. Moreover, by mapping the model onto a modified version of the Random Field Ising Model, we utilize the replica method approach in the thermodynamic limit to justify the numerical results through analytical insights.
Electrocardiogram-Based Driver Authentication Using Autocorrelation and Convolutional Neural Network Techniques
Authors: Ku Giwon , Choi Choeljun , Yang Chulseung , Jeong Jiseong , Kim Pilkyo , Park Sangyong , Jung Taekeon , Kim Jinsul
Published: December 2024

This study presents a novel driver authentication system utilizing electrocardiogram (ECG) signals collected through dry electrodes embedded in the steering wheel. Traditional biometric authentication methods are sensitive to environmental changes and vulnerable to replication, but this study addresses these issues by leveraging the unique characteristics and forgery resistance of ECG signals. The proposed system is designed using autocorrelation profiles (ACPs) and a convolutional neural network and is optimized for real-time processing even in constrained hardware environments. Additionally, advanced signal processing algorithms were applied to refine the ECG data and minimize noise in driving environments. The system’s performance was evaluated using a public dataset of 154 participants and a real-world dataset of 10 participants, achieving F1-Scores of 96.8% and 96.02%, respectively. Furthermore, an ablation study was conducted to analyze the importance of components such as ACPs, normalization, and filtering. When all components were removed, the F1-Score decreased to 60.1%, demonstrating the critical role of each component. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed system to deliver high accuracy and efficiency not only in vehicle environments but also in various security applications.
Multi-Stage Dual-Perturbation Attack Targeting Transductive SVMs and the Corresponding Adversarial Training Defense Mechanism
Authors: Liu Li , Chen Haiyan , Yin Changchun , Fu Yirui
Published: December 2024

The Transductive Support Vector Machine (TSVM) is an effective semi-supervised learning algorithm vulnerable to adversarial sample attacks. This paper proposes a new adversarial attack method called the Multi-Stage Dual-Perturbation Attack (MSDPA), specifically targeted at TSVMs. The MSDPA has two phases: initial adversarial samples are generated by an arbitrary range attack, and finer attacks are performed on critical features to induce the TSVM to generate false predictions. To improve the TSVM’s defense against MSDPAs, we incorporate adversarial training into the TSVM’s loss function to minimize the loss of both standard and adversarial samples during the training process. The improved TSVM loss function considers the adversarial samples’ effect and enhances the model’s adversarial robustness. Experimental results on several standard datasets show that our proposed adversarial defense-enhanced TSVM (adv-TSVM) performs better in classification accuracy and adversarial robustness than the native TSVM and other semi-supervised baseline algorithms, such as S3VM. This study provides a new solution to improve the defense capability of kernel methods in an adversarial setting.
A Parallel Framework for Fast Charge/Discharge Scheduling of Battery Storage Systems in Microgrids
Authors: Huang Wei-Tzer , Chung Wu-Chun , Wu Chao-Chin , Huang Tse-Yun
Published: December 2024

Fast charge/discharge scheduling of battery storage systems is essential in microgrids to effectively balance variable renewable energy sources, meet fluctuating demand, and maintain grid stability. To achieve this, parallel processing is employed, allowing batteries to respond instantly to dynamic conditions. By managing the complexity, high data volume, and rapid decision-making requirements in real time, parallel processing ensures that the microgrid operates with stability, efficiency, and safety. With the application of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in scheduling algorithm design, the demand for computational power has further increased significantly. To address this challenge, we propose a Ray-based parallel framework to accelerate the development of fast charge/discharge scheduling for battery storage systems in microgrids. We demonstrate how to implement a real-world scheduling problem in the framework. We focused on minimizing power losses and reducing the ramping rate of net loads by leveraging the Asynchronous Advantage Actor Critic (A3C) algorithms and the features of the Ray cluster for real-time decision making. Multiple instances of OpenDSS were executed concurrently, with each instance simulating a distinct environment and efficiently processing input data. Additionally, Numba CUDA was utilized to facilitate GPU acceleration of shared memory, significantly enhancing the performance of the computationally intensive reward function in A3C. The proposed framework enhanced scheduling performance, enabling efficient energy management in complex, dynamic microgrid environments.
Model Identification and Transferability Analysis for Vehicle-to-Grid Aggregate Available Capacity Prediction Based on Origin–Destination Mobility Data
Authors: Patanè Luca , Sapuppo Francesca , Rinaldi Gabriele , Comi Antonio , Napoli Giuseppe , Xibilia Maria Gabriella
Published: December 2024

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology is emerging as an innovative paradigm for improving the electricity grid in terms of stabilization and demand response, through the integration of electric vehicles (EVs). A cornerstone in this field is the estimation of the aggregated available capacity (AAC) of EVs based on available data such as origin–destination mobility data, traffic and time of day. This paper considers a real case study, consisting of two aggregation points, identified in the city of Padua (Italy). As a result, this study presents a new method to identify potential applications of V2G by analyzing floating car data (FCD), which allows planners to infer the available AAC obtained from private vehicles. Specifically, the proposed method takes advantage of the opportunity provided by FCD to find private car users who may be interested in participating in V2G schemes, as telematics and location-based applications allow vehicles to be continuously tracked in time and space. Linear and nonlinear dynamic models with different input variables were developed to analyze their relevance for the estimation in one-step- and multiple-step-ahead prediction. The best results were obtained by using traffic data as exogenous input and nonlinear dynamic models implemented by multilayer perceptrons and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. Both structures achieved an R2 of 0.95 and 0.87 for the three-step-ahead AAC prediction in the two hubs considered, compared to the values of 0.88 and 0.72 obtained with the linear autoregressive model. In addition, the transferability of the obtained models from one aggregation point to another was analyzed to address the problem of data scarcity in these applications. In this case, the LSTM showed the best performance when the fine-tuning strategy was considered, achieving an R2 of 0.80 and 0.89 for the two hubs considered.
Investigation of the Hottel–Whillier–Bliss Model Applied for an Evacuated Tube Solar Collector
Authors: Rátkai Márton , Géczi Gábor , Székely László
Published: December 2024

The goal of this research is to examine the applicability of the Hottel–Whillier–Bliss model, developed for flat-plate collectors, to evacuated tube solar collectors. During this study, the model is applied to an evacuated tube collector, and then the identification and validation of the model are made with the help of measurements performed on the collector. This research also includes the application, identification and validation of the energy balance model for the investigated solar collector. This model works for both flat-plate and evacuated tube collectors. The results obtained with the two different models are then compared. By comparing the modelled results with the measured values, the accuracy and applicability of the models can be determined. Based on the results, the Hottel–Whillier–Bliss model works excellently with evacuated tube solar collectors for predicting the outlet temperature of the medium from the solar collector. It is important to note that the identification gives negative heat transfer parameter values. According to the validation, the average absolute error is 0.8 °C, and the average relative error is 1%. For the energy balance model, these values are 0.87 °C and 1.1% respectively, indicating that the accuracy of the Hottel–Whillier–Bliss model is very similar, and even slightly higher. Additionally, the research provides further proof of the applicability of the energy balance model to evacuated tube collectors.
Electric Field-Based Ozone Nanobubbles in Tandem with Reduced Ultraviolet Light Exposure for Water Purification and Treatment: Aquaculture and Beyond
Authors: English Niall J.
Published: December 2024

Micro- and nanobubbles are tiny gas bubbles that are smaller than 100 μm and 1 μm, respectively. This study investigated the impact of electric field ozone nanobubbles (EF-ONBs) on the purification of both deionised and aquaculture water bodies, finding that heightened reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxygen reduction potential (ORP) are correlated to a higher production of EF-ONBs. In particular, it was found that there were substantially reduced ultraviolet light requirements for aquaculture when using EF-ONBs to maintain aquaculture purification standards. It is clear that the approximately exponential decay is slowed down by almost ten times by EF-ONBs even without UV applied, and that it is still roughly six times longer than the ‘control’ case of standard O3 sparging in water (i.e., meso- and macro-bubbles with no meaningful level of dispersed-phase, bubble-mediated dissolution beyond the standard Henry’s law state—owing mostly to rapid Stokes’ law rising speeds). This has very positive implications for, inter alia, recirculation aeration systems featuring an ozonation cycle, as well as indoor agriculture under controlled-light environments and malting, where ozonation cycles are also often used or contemplated in process redesign strategies. Such promising results for EF-ONBs offer, inter alia, more sustainable aquaculture, water sterilisation, indoor farming, and malting.
A Review of Waste Management in Higher Education Institutions: The Road to Zero Waste and Sustainability
Authors: Rodríguez-Guerreiro María-Jesús , Torrijos Verónica , Soto Manuel
Published: December 2024

This article reviews waste generation rates, waste composition and waste management practices in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) around the world, reporting on current management practices, waste prevention and diversion initiatives, separate collection at source and zero-waste approaches. The average waste generation rate was 0.19 ± 0.21 kg/d·person (median 0.093 kg/d·person). On average, organic waste reached 30 ± 19% of total waste, followed by paper and cardboard (23 ± 13%) and plastics (18 ± 11%). Common minority material components included glass and metals, with 3 ± 3% each. Yard waste, hazardous waste and electronics were only reported for some cases. The applied methodologies for the minimization of waste and the valorization of resources for a more circular campus were discussed. Key measures to reduce paper, packaging and food waste were reviewed, as well as examples of recommended good practices. Waste management in HEIs is considered a complex task, which requires multidisciplinary and experienced managers, stakeholder engagement, effective communication and collaborative research work. Collection at source of the organic, wet fraction separated from the rest of the waste is considered a basic and imperative requirement, while the separate collection of other materials will depend on the particular case, but the participation and awareness of the entire HEI community appears to be essential. Prevention measures also require acceptance by the community. Following the analyzed literature, a methodology was proposed for the sustainable management of waste in HEIs, taking as a reference the PDCA cycle (Plan, Do, Check/Analyze and Act/Adjust).
Phytosociological and Abiotic Factors Influencing the Coverage and Morphological Traits of the Invasive Alien Potentilla indica (Rosaceae) in Riparian Forests and Other Urban Habitats: A Case Study from Kraków, Southern Poland
Authors: Pliszko Artur , Wójcik Tomasz , Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt Kinga
Published: December 2024

Biological invasions are considered one of the most important threats to biodiversity worldwide, and their intensity increases with urbanization. Potentilla indica, a perennial stoloniferous plant of Asian origin, is a newly emerging invasive alien species in European cities and other areas. Due to its wide ecological range, it may threaten many native species, especially in urban riparian forests which are particularly susceptible to plant invasions. Although it shows high phenotypic plasticity, its coverage and morphological variability depending on the type of vegetation and abiotic factors in natural conditions have not been studied so far. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore this issue, using phytosociological relevés and measurements of selected environmental factors and morphological features of P. indica in Kraków, the second largest city in Poland, central Europe. We demonstrated that the coverage and morphological traits of P. indica can be significantly affected by the type of plant community, and the presence and abundance of the species in urban habitats are strongly related to soil moisture, electrical conductivity, and fertility. We also found that the coverage of P. indica is positively correlated with the Evenness index, height of herbaceous layer, soil electrical conductivity and moisture, and negatively with the number of species, soil compactness, and phosphorus content in the soil. We further revealed that the size of the leaves and the length of the pedicels and stolons in P. indica can be positively influenced by its coverage. To prevent the invasion of P. indica in riparian forests and other urban habitats, we suggest controlling its cultivation and disposal, removing new appearances, and maintaining high species diversity with a dominance of one or a few native species in plant communities.
Assessing Forest Resources with Terrestrial and Backpack LiDAR: A Case Study on Leaf-On and Leaf-Off Conditions in Gari Mountain, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
Authors: Ko Chiung , Kang Jintack , Park Jeongmook , Lee Minwoo
Published: December 2024

In Republic of Korea, the digital transformation of forest data has emerged as a critical priority at the governmental level. To support this effort, numerous case studies have been conducted to collect and analyze forest data. This study evaluated the accuracy of forest resource assessment methods using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and backpack personal laser scanning (BPLS) under Leaf-on and Leaf-off conditions in the Gari Mountain Forest Management Complex, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea. The research was conducted across six sample plots representing low, medium, and high stand densities, dominated by Larix kaempferi and Pinus koraiensis. Conventional field survey methods and LiDAR technologies were used to compare key forest attributes such as tree height and volume. The results revealed that Leaf-off LiDAR data exhibited higher accuracy in capturing tree height and canopy structures, particularly in high-density plots. In contrast, during the Leaf-on season, measurements of understory vegetation and lower canopy were hindered by foliage obstruction, reducing precision. Seasonal differences significantly impacted LiDAR measurement accuracy, with Leaf-off data providing a clearer and more reliable representation of forest structures. This study underscores the necessity of considering seasonal conditions to improve the accuracy of LiDAR-derived metrics. It offers valuable insights for enhancing forest inventory practices and advancing the application of remote sensing technologies in forest management.
Enhancing Salty Taste Perception in Stroke Patients via Anodal Electrical Stimulation to the Chin
Authors: Katsuki Masahito , Fukushima Taiki , Wada Naomichi , Goto Tetsuya , Imai Ayana , Hanaoka Yasuko , Yasude Takuji , Kaneko Kazuma , Horiuchi Tetsuyoshi
Published: December 2024

A lower salt intake is an effective management strategy for hypertension and ultimately stroke. However, this strategy compromises the taste of food. To overcome this, a taste manipulation strategey using electronic taste simulation (ETS) has been established, but this has only been studied in healthy individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to demonstrate and quantitatively evaluate the taste enhancement effect of ETS in patients admitted to a hospital due to stroke. Twenty patients (mean = 67.8 ± 13.6 years) underwent two psychophysical experiments to assess the effects of ETS on salt taste perception using salt-impregnated filter paper. The patients’ stroke types included twelve ischemic and eight hemorrhagic strokes. The median salt taste thresholds without ETS and with ETS were 0.7% and 0.6%, respectively (p = 0.083). The perceived concentration for the 0.8% concentration increased from 0.8% to 1.0% with the ETS (p = 0.041), and for the 1.0% concentration, from 1.0% to 1.2% (p < 0.001). The findings suggest that ETS significantly enhances salty taste perception in patients who have experienced a stroke without altering salt concentration, potentially aiding in reducing daily salt intake. Further research is necessary to explore its broad applicability in dietary management and blood pressure control.
Application of Infrared Thermography in Identifying Plant Oils
Authors: Marudova Maria , Sotirov Sotir , Kafadarova Nadezhda , Antova Ginka
Published: December 2024

In this article, we present a unique system for identifying edible oils through the analysis of their thermophysical properties. The method is based on the use of active infrared thermography. The heating of the oils results from the optical absorption of laser radiation at a specified wavelength. This approach enables greater selectivity in differentiating between various types of edible oils, as the results depend not only on the thermal properties of the specific oils but also on their optical properties, which are uniquely characteristic of each oil. Additionally, the developed system provides a detailed visualization of spatial temperature gradients within the sample’s volume, as well as their changes over time. It overcomes the limitations of other methods that determine only the thermal conductivity coefficients of oils through resistive heating of the sample. In this article, four types of vegetable oils (extra virgin olive oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, and rapeseed oil) have been studied. Fatty acid analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and UV-VIS spectroscopy have been used to determine the authenticity, moisture content, and optical properties of the studied samples. The developed system allows for the visualization and determination of the emerging temperature gradients in the sample volume.
Production of Starch-Based Flexible Food Packaging in Developing Countries: Analysis of the Processes, Challenges, and Requirements
Authors: Garavito Johanna , Peña-Venegas Clara P. , Castellanos Diego A.
Published: December 2024

Biodegradable packaging offers an affordable and sustainable solution to global pollution, particularly in developing countries with limited recycling infrastructure. Starch is well suited to develop biodegradable packages for foods due to its wide availability and simple, low-tech production process. Although the development of starch-based packaging is well documented, most studies focus on the laboratory stages of formulation and plasticization, leaving gaps in understanding key phases such as raw material conditioning, industrial-scale molding, post-production processes, and storage. This work evaluates the value chain of starch-based packaging in developing countries. It addresses the challenges, equipment, and process conditions at each stage, highlighting the critical role of moisture resistance in the final product’s functionality. A particular focus is placed on replacing single-use plastic packaging, which dominates food industries in regions with agricultural economies and rich biodiversity. A comprehensive analysis of starch-based packaging production, with a detailed understanding of each stage and the overall process, should contribute to the development of more sustainable and scalable solutions, particularly for the replacement of single-use packages, helping to protect vulnerable biodiverse regions from the growing impact of plastic waste.
Improvement of Bioactive Components and Technological Quality of Gluten-Free Pasta with Utilization of Different Carrot Powders, Guar Gum and Pregelatinization Application
Authors: Arslan Bayrakcı Hilal , Bilgiçli Nermin
Published: December 2024

In this study, carrot (orange and black) powder substitution (0–15%) and different dough applications (guar gum (GG) addition, pregelatinization (PG) and a PG + GG combination) were researched in gluten-free pasta preparation to improve the bioactive components and technological properties. Some quality attributes and bioactive components of the pasta were determined. Black carrot powder substitution into the pasta revealed rich functional properties with higher total dietary fiber (TDF), Ca, K, Mg, P and total phenolic content (TPC) than orange carrot powder. An increased carrot powder addition ratio in the gluten-free pasta formulation resulted in enrichment in ash, mineral, β-carotene, total anthocyanin, TDF, antioxidant activity and TPC. The amounts of β-carotene and anthocyanin in the pasta samples rose to 4.42 mg/100 g and 26.08 mg CGE/100 g with the addition of 15% orange and black carrot powders, respectively. Increasing cooking loss due to high utilization ratios of carrot powder was eliminated by PG and PG + GG applications, and technologic quality was improved, especially with the PG + GG combination.
Thermally Solvent-Free Cross-Linked pH/Thermosensitive Hydrogels as Smart Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Bucatariu Sanda , Cosman Bogdan , Constantin Marieta , Ailiesei Gabriela Liliana , Rusu Daniela , Fundueanu Gheorghe
Published: December 2024

An imbalance in the body’s pH or temperature may modify the immune response and result in ailments such as autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, cancer, or diabetes. Dual pH- and thermo-responsive carriers are being evaluated as advanced drug delivery microdevices designed to release pharmaceuticals in response to external or internal stimuli. A novel drug delivery system formulated as hydrogel was developed by combining a pH-sensitive polymer (the “biosensor”) with a thermosensitive polymer (the delivery component). Thus, the hydrogel was created by cross-linking, using a solvent-free thermal approach, of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-hydroyethyl acrylamide), P(NIPAAm-co-HEAAm), and poly(methylvinylether-alt-maleic acid), P(MVE/MA). The chemical structure of the polymers and hydrogels was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies. The pH/thermosensitive hydrogel loses its thermosensitivity under physiological conditions but, remarkably, can recover the thermosensitive capabilities when certain physiologically active biomolecules, acting as triggering agents, electrostatically interact with pH-sensitive units. Our research aimed to develop a drug delivery system that could identify the disturbance of normal physiological parameters and instantaneously send a signal to thermosensitive units, which would collapse and modulate the release profiles of the drug.
Long Non-Coding RNAs as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pan Jianwei , Fan Weijian , Gu Chenjie , Xi Yongmei , Wang Yu , Wang Peter
Published: December 2024

Ischemic stroke is a serious cerebrovascular disease, highlighting the urgent need for reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis. Recent reports suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be potential biomarkers for ischemic stroke. Therefore, our study seeks to investigate the potential diagnostic value of lncRNAs for ischemic stroke by analyzing existing research. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Web of Science databases for articles published up to July 10, 2024. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 17.0 software to calculate pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and area under the curve (AUC). Heterogeneity was explored with the Cochran-Q test and the I2 statistical test, and publication bias was assessed with Deeks’ funnel plot. A total of 44 articles were included, involving 4302 ischemic stroke patients and 3725 healthy controls. Results demonstrated that lncRNAs H19, GAS5, PVT1, TUG1, and MALAT1 exhibited consistent trends across multiple studies. The pooled sensitivity of lncRNAs in the diagnosis of ischemic stroke was 79% (95% CI: 73–84%), specificity was 88% (95% CI: 77–94%), PLR was 6.63 (95% CI: 3.11–14.15), NLR was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.16–0.33), DOR was 28.5 (95% CI: 9.88–82.21), and AUC was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85–0.90). Furthermore, the results of subgroup analysis indicated that lncRNA H19 had superior diagnostic performance. LncRNAs demonstrated strong diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing ischemic stroke patients from healthy controls, underscoring their potential as reliable biomarkers. Because most of the articles included in this study originate from China, large-scale, high-quality, multi-country prospective studies are required to further validate the reliability of lncRNAs as biomarkers for ischemic stroke.
Experimental Investigation of Embedment Depth Effects on the Rocking Behavior of Foundations
Authors: Moradi Mohamadali , Khezri Ali , Mir Mohammad Hosseini Seyed Majdeddin , Park Hongbae , Lee Daeyong
Published: December 2024

Shallow foundations supporting high-rise structures are often subjected to extreme lateral loading from wind and seismic activities. Nonlinear soil–foundation system behaviors, such as foundation uplift or bearing capacity mobilization (i.e., rocking behavior), can act as energy dissipation mechanisms, potentially reducing structural demands. However, such merits may be achieved at the expense of large residual deformations and settlements, which are influenced by various factors. One key factor which is highly influential on soil deformation mechanisms during rocking is the foundation embedment depth. This aspect of rocking foundations is investigated in this study under varying subgrade densities and initial vertical factors of safety (FSv), using the PIV technique and appropriate instrumentation. A series of reduced-scale slow cyclic tests were performed using a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structure model. This study first examines the deformation mechanisms of strip foundations with depth-to-width (D/B) ratios of 0, 0.25, and 1, and then explores the effects of embedment depth on the performance of square foundations, evaluating moment capacity, settlement, recentering capability, rotational stiffness, and damping characteristics. The results demonstrate that the predominant deformation mechanism of the soil mass transitions from a wedge mechanism in surface foundations to a scoop mechanism in embedded foundations. Increasing the embedment depth enhances recentering capabilities, reduces damping, decreases settlement, increases rotational stiffness, and improves the moment capacity of the foundations. This comprehensive exploration of foundation performance and soil deformation mechanisms, considering varying embedment depths, FSv values, and soil relative densities, offers insights for optimizing the performance of rocking foundations under lateral loading conditions.