bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geographical trends of soil‐associated biodiversity changes due to tree plantations in South America: Biome and climate constraints revealed through meta‐analysis
Authors: Ribero Martin Nicolás , Filloy Julieta
Published: July 2023

Aim

To evaluate the interaction between climate and biome structure when explaining changes in species richness of soil‐associated communities due to tree plantations developed in different biomes. Compare the response of plants, soil invertebrates and soil microorganisms, and to test whether they should be considered sensitive‐coupled biotas.

Location

Continental South America.

Time Period

1996–2023.

Major Taxa Studied

Plants, soil invertebrates and soil microorganisms.

Methods

Through a meta‐analysis, the change in species richness (i.e. response ratio) associated with tree plantations was evaluated in 127 points of study across South America, considering soil‐associated communities of plants, invertebrates and microorganisms. The influence of biome structure (open vs. closed habitats) on the response ratio, and its interaction with the actual evapotranspiration (AET) and temperature seasonality was evaluated. Differentiated responses of different taxa were tested by comparing models with and without an interaction term referring to the taxon studied. The regional agricultural cover and plantation age were considered as anthropogenic variables.

Results

Models containing the AET were better at explaining the trend of change in species richness than those with temperature seasonality. The response of the change in species richness was oppositely related to the AET in open and closed biomes. Plants presented a higher loss in species richness than soil invertebrates and microorganisms. The three taxa were positively associated with AET, while seasonality was not relevant in any case. Both anthropogenic variables significantly lessened the change in species richness in all models.

Main Conclusions

The structural contrast between the anthropogenic habitat and the biome where it is developed is a key factor influencing the response of soil‐associated communities to tree plantations. Nevertheless, its influence must be assessed together with climatic and anthropogenic variables given that their interaction can explain different geographical trends in the change in species richness across regions.
Involvement of people who use alcohol and other drug services in the development of patient‐reported measures of experience: A scoping review
Authors: van der Sterren Anke E. , Nathan Sally , Rawstorne Patrick , Yarbakhsh Elisabeth , Gough Chris , Bowles Devin
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Patient‐reported measures that assess satisfaction and experience are increasingly utilised in healthcare sectors, including the alcohol and other drug (AOD) sector. This scoping review identifies how and to what extent people accessing AOD services have been involved in the development of satisfaction and experience measures to date.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest, Google and Google Scholar were searched. Included papers described the development and/or implementation of a multiple‐item measure of patient‐reported experience or satisfaction specifically for people accessing AOD treatment and/or harm reduction programmes. If there was more than one paper, key papers were chosen that described each measure. The method of development, including service user involvement, was assessed against a framework generated for this review. Two reviewers were involved at each stage.

Results

Thirty measures—23 satisfaction and 7 experience—were identified. Sixteen measures reported some level of involvement by people accessing AOD services in their development, although, for most measures, at a relatively low level. This involvement increased over the time span of the review becoming more frequent in later years. Only four measures were developed for use in harm reduction‐specific settings, and fewer than half reported undertaking analysis of underlying scale structure and constructs.

Conclusion

Several gaps could be addressed to enhance the measurement of patient‐centred care in the AOD sector, including: developing experience measures for use in harm reduction settings and across various AOD settings in a service system; improved reporting of psychometric properties of these measures and increasing commitment to the meaningful involvement of AOD service users in measure development.

Patient or Public Contribution

This scoping review is part of a broader codesign project that involves a partnership between the peak organisation for AOD services and the peer‐based AOD consumer organisation in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. These organisations are working closely together to engage with AOD service users, service providers and policy makers in this codesign project. As such, the Executive Director of the peer‐based AOD consumer organisation is involved as a co‐author of this scoping review.
Recent advances in the effects of protein oxidation on aquatic products quality: mechanism and regulation
Authors: Yu Ye , Zhao Yongqiang , Zhang Yi , Simpson Benjamin K. , Chen Shengjun , Wang Yueqi , Li Chunsheng , Wang Di , Pan Chuang
Published: July 2023

Aquatic products are delicious and rich in high‐quality proteins, and thus have high‐food value and are popular among consumers; however, deterioration of their quality can easily occur when being stored and processed. Proteins, the main components of the muscle tissue of aquatic products, are closely related to the quality of aquatic products, and protein oxidation has become a research hotspot for studying the regulatory mechanisms of aquatic product quality changes. Protein oxidation is one of the main causes of quality deterioration of aquatic products, mainly because of protein cross‐linking and protein degradation caused by oxidation. Related studies have also shown that the changes in the electrostatic charge of proteins owing to oxidation are associated with the muscle water‐holding capacity (WHC). This article introduces the induction mechanism of protein oxidation in aquatic products, focusing on its effects on the quality, such as colour, texture, WHC and summarises the current research progress of aquatic products quality control on this basis to provide theoretical reference for future research.
A novel zinc‐chelating peptide identified from rapeseed (Brassica napus) protein hydrolysate: insights into its zinc‐binding sites by density functional theory
Authors: Wang Hao , Huang Jingjing , Yang Mingliu , Zhou Yingqin , Yin Junfeng , Yan Yan , Xie Ningning
Published: July 2023

The binding sites between zinc chelating peptide (ZCP) and zinc have not been clearly understood at the quantum chemistry level. Ala‐Ser‐His (ASH), a new ZCP located in the cruciferin precursor, was identified from in vitro digestion hydrolysate of rapeseed (Brassica napus) protein. Also, ASH exerted the concentration value of 114.09 ± 0.98 mM showing 50% zinc chelating activity. The prepared ASH–Zn (ZCP‐zinc chelate), displayed varying characteristics from ASH on surface microstructures, X‐ray photon energies, and infrared spectrum. The geometric structure of ASH–Zn with minimum free energy was obtained using density functional theory, producing a bridge bond of O21–Zn41–O32 between Ser and His residues. Based on the basic set of 6–311++G (d, p), O21–Zn 41 and O32–Zn41, respectively, had bond lengths of 1.96503 Å and 1.94515 Å, while O21–Zn41–O32 displayed a bond angle of 136.41069°. These findings further promote research on rapeseed proteins providing new possibilities for studying peptide‐metal chelates.
Germline mechanisms of immunotherapy toxicities in the era of genome‐wide association studies
Authors: Gusev Alexander
Published: July 2023

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced cancers and is quickly becoming an option for early‐stage disease. By reactivating the host immune system, immunotherapy harnesses patients' innate defenses to eradicate the tumor. By putatively similar mechanisms, immunotherapy can also substantially increase the risk of toxicities or immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Severe irAEs can lead to hospitalization, treatment discontinuation, lifelong immune complications, or even death. Many irAEs present with similar symptoms to heritable autoimmune diseases, suggesting that germline genetics may contribute to their onset. Recently, genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of irAEs have identified common germline associations and putative mechanisms, lending support to this hypothesis. A wide range of well‐established GWAS methods can potentially be harnessed to understand the etiology of irAEs specifically and immunotherapy outcomes broadly. This review summarizes current findings regarding germline effects on immunotherapy outcomes and discusses opportunities and challenges for leveraging germline genetics to understand, predict, and treat irAEs.
Apoptotic cell clearance components in inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Schneider Kevin , Arandjelovic Sanja
Published: July 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the synovial joints that affects ~1% of the human population. Joint swelling and bone erosion, hallmarks of RA, contribute to disability and, sometimes, loss of life. Mechanistically, disease is driven by immune dysregulation characterized by circulating autoantibodies, inflammatory mediators, tissue degradative enzymes, and metabolic dysfunction of resident stromal and recruited immune cells. Cell death by apoptosis has been therapeutically explored in animal models of RA due to the comparisons drawn between synovial hyperplasia and paucity of apoptosis in RA with the malignant transformation of cancer cells. Several efforts to induce cell death have shown benefits in reducing the development and/or severity of the disease. Apoptotic cells are cleared by phagocytes in a process known as efferocytosis, which differs from microbial phagocytosis in its “immuno‐silent,” or anti‐inflammatory, nature. Failures in efferocytosis have been linked to autoimmune disease, whereas administration of apoptotic cells in RA models effectively inhibits inflammatory indices, likely though efferocytosis‐mediated resolution‐promoting mechanisms. However, the nature of signaling pathways elicited and the molecular identity of clearance mediators in RA are understudied. Furthermore, canonical efferocytosis machinery elements also play important non‐canonical functions in homeostasis and pathology. Here, we discuss the roles of efferocytosis machinery components in models of RA and discuss their potential involvement in disease pathophysiology.
Foreign aid and economic growth nexus in Africa: Evidence from low‐income countries
Authors: Tefera Mamo G. , Odhiambo Nicholas M.
Published: July 2023

The enormous volume of literature has widely discussed the aid–growth correlation while identification of their causal relationship remains elusive and mixed. The main objective of this article is to investigate whether aid sources matter for explaining the aid–growth causal nexus among African low‐income countries (LICs) during 2000–2017. A novel feature of this study is that it takes into account three proxies of aid (i.e. total aid [TA], traditional donors’ aid [TDA], non‐TDA [NTDA]), unlike most studies that use aid solely from TDs (TDA). It employs a dynamic panel causality model in a multivariate setting using investment and consumption as key conditioning variables to account for omitted variable bias. The study found a short‐run bidirectional causality between aid and growth for TA and TDA proxies but not for NTDA in neither direction. In the long‐run, the study found unidirectional causality from growth to aid for TA and NTDA aid but not for TDA. The overall result shows that the aid–growth causality among African LICs depends on the aid proxies used and the time horizon assessed. A key policy implication is that donors’ aid allocation decisions in LICs should take into account the specific causal relationship between aid and growth by aid sources and time periods.
“Like fighting a fire with a water pistol”: A qualitative study of the work experiences of critical care nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Miller Jordan , Young Ben , Mccallum Louise , Rattray Janice , Ramsay Pam , Salisbury Lisa , Scott Teresa , Hull Alastair , Cole Stephen , Pollard Beth , Dixon Diane
Published: July 2023

Aim

To understand the experience of critical care nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic, through the application of the Job‐Demand‐Resource model of occupational stress.

Design

Qualitative interview study.

Methods

Twenty‐eight critical care nurses (CCN) working in ICU in the UK NHS during the COVID‐19 pandemic took part in semi‐structured interviews between May 2021 and May 2022. Interviews were guided by the constructs of the Job‐Demand Resource model. Data were analysed using framework analysis.

Results

The most difficult job demands were the pace and amount, complexity, physical and emotional effort of their work. Prolonged high demands led to CCN experiencing emotional and physical exhaustion, burnout, post‐traumatic stress symptoms and impaired sleep. Support from colleagues and supervisors was a core job resource. Sustained demands and impaired physical and psychological well‐being had negative organizational consequences with CCN expressing increased intention to leave their role.

Conclusions

The combination of high demands and reduced resources had negative impacts on the psychological well‐being of nurses which is translating into increased consideration of leaving their profession.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

The full impacts of the pandemic on the mental health of CCN are unlikely to resolve without appropriate interventions.

Impact

Managers of healthcare systems should use these findings to inform: (i) the structure and organization of critical care workplaces so that they support staff to be well, and (ii) supportive interventions for staff who are carrying significant psychological distress as a result of working during and after the pandemic. These changes are required to improve staff recruitment and retention.

Reporting Method

We used the COREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative studies.

Patient and Public Contribution

Six CCN provided input to survey content and interview schedule. Two authors and members of the study team (T.S. and S.C.) worked in critical care during the pandemic.
Effect of different restorative systems and aging on marginal adaptation of resin composites to deep proximal margins
Authors: Ismail Hoda S. , Ali Ashraf I.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To evaluate and compare the marginal integrity of different restorative systems bonded to proximal gingival dentin, and determine the consistency level of the results obtained by two in vitro methods.

Materials and Methods

Thirty molars received occluso‐mesial preparations with dentin/cementum gingival margins. They were divided into three groups and restored using different restorative systems with light‐cured (Adhese Universal), self‐cured (Palfique universal bond), and dual‐cured (Futurabond U) adhesives. The restoration/gingival dentin interfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and evaluated based on the World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria. After 10,000 thermal cycles, the marginal integrity was re‐evaluated. Marginal integrity was evaluated by the percentage of continuous margin (% CM) at ×200 for SEM and as the frequency of each score within the FDI ranking.

Results

No significant differences were found between the restorative systems immediately, however, the system with the light‐cured adhesive had the lowest marginal integrity after aging. All tested restorative systems were adversely affected by aging. A moderate inverse correlation was identified between evaluation techniques.

Conclusion

The tested restorative systems utilizing self‐cured and dual‐cured adhesives may be preferable for achieving optimal marginal integrity when bonding to deep proximal margins, compared to the tested system with light‐cured adhesive.

Clinical Significance

When performing deep margin elevation, it is important to consider the adhesive system being used.
Nutritional management of people living with cystic fibrosis throughout life and disease continuum: Changing times, new challenges
Authors: Mailhot Geneviève , Denis Marie‐Hélène , Beauchamp‐Parent Caroline , Jomphe Valérie
Published: July 2023

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the ion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The management of CF disease has evolved in recent decades from treating downstream disease manifestations affecting the airways, the lungs and the gastrointestinal system to addressing the CFTR gene defect. The advent of CFTR modulators, which correct the functionality of the defective CFTR, contributes to reshaping the landscape of CF demographics, prognosis and therapies, including nutritional management. A spectrum of clinical manifestations is emerging within the same patient population where undernutrition and nutritional deficiencies coexist with excessive weight gain and metabolic derangements. Such contrasting presentations challenge current practices, require adjustments to traditional approaches, and involve more individualised interventions. This narrative review examines the current state of knowledge on the nutritional management of people living with cystic fibrosis from early life to adulthood in the era of CFTR modulation.
Knowledge levels and community guidance of doctors working in family health centers on HPV screening and HPV vaccination
Authors: Yetik Irem , Tanoglu Fatma Basak , Pasin Ozge , Cetin Caglar , Ozcan Pınar
Published: July 2023

Aim

Our aim is to evaluate the level of knowledge, compliance with the screening program, and tendency to inform patients of the doctors working in FHCs where HPV testing is performed within the scope of the cervical cancer screening program in our country.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was performed between June and September 2022 with 113 family physicians working in different FHCs in different provinces in Turkey. Questionnaires prepared by the researchers were delivered to family physicians via online platforms.

Results

When the different age groups were evaluated, in two of the 24 knowledge‐level questions (How many types of HPV are there? Can HPV infect men?) the rate of correct answers for participants under the age of 35 years was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.007; p = 0.032). With regard to professional experience, the group with fewer than 10 years of experience gave a statistically significant correct answer to two questions (How many types of HPV are there? Can HPV infect men?; p = 0.008; p = 0.037). It was observed that 107 (94.7%) of the 113 family physicians who participated in the survey recommended that their patients use condoms during intercourse, 110 (97.3%) recommended cervical cancer screening tests to patients who applied for another reason, 105 (92.9%) recommended the HPV vaccine to patients and their relatives and 60 (53.1%) recommended the HPV vaccine to patients who applied for another reason.

Conclusions

The success of HPV vaccination programs is directly related to the beliefs of health personnel and their recommendations to the general population.
Staging and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A retrospective cohort study from Nanjing, China
Authors: Ju Yuhao , Han Guorong , Zhang Ping , Xu Jing , Chen Chao , Jiang Hongxiu , Yuan Deping , Ye Xiajun , Zhou Guanlun
Published: July 2023

Aim

To investigate the immune status of Chinese chronic hepatitis B (CHB) pregnant women and their clinical characteristics.

Methods

About 1544 CHB pregnant women without antiviral therapy from 2013 to 2018 were selected from the hospital records. The definition of immune status is based on American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) 2018 Hepatitis B Guidance, and those who did not meet any criteria of the immune status were referred to in the gray zones (GZ).

Results

There were 284 patients in the immune‐tolerance phase, 72 patients in the HBeAg‐positive immune active phase, 553 patients in the inactive phase, 61 patients in the HBeAg‐negative immune active phase. Of note, 574 (37.18%) patients did not fit into any of the above phases were defined as the GZ. Patients with elevated ALT had a higher rate of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Mother to child HBV transmission was rare (only two cases) and occurred in mothers in the immune‐tolerant phase.

Conclusions

Our data showed that more than one‐third of CHB pregnant women were classified into the GZ. In standard stages, advanced age is associated with HBeAg‐negative and a higher cesarean rate in the inactive phase. The incidence of ICP was higher in immune active phases, including GB and GD. The probability of mother‐to‐child transmission in gray zones is low.
Prevalence of bruxism in down syndrome patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Alsharari Ahmed Hamoud L. , Shayeb Maher A. L. , Elfadil Sittana , Cervino Gabriele , Minervini Giuseppe
Published: July 2023

Background

Bruxism is a parafunctional activity characterised by grinding or clenching of teeth and is a common oral health concern in individuals with down syndrome (DS). Understanding the prevalence of bruxism in this population is crucial for developing effective management strategies. This systematic review and meta‐analysis is aimed to investigate the prevalence of bruxism among individuals with DS and explore its association with other oral health issues.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple electronic databases to identify relevant studies. Cross‐sectional and observational studies were included. Data on bruxism prevalence and associated factors were extracted, and a meta‐analysis was performed using both fixed‐effects (FE) and random‐effects (RE) models of MedCalc software. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using I2 statistics. New Castle‐Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate methodological quality of the included studies.

Results

Eight studies met the pre‐defined inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Seven studies used a questionnaire to assess bruxism. The pooled proportion estimate for occurrence of DS across the included studies was found to be 0.33 (95% CI: 0.22–0.45) as per the RE model and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.31–0.450) as per FE model in the quantitative analysis. All studies exhibited good methodological quality.

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta‐analysis provide evidence of a significant prevalence of bruxism among individuals with DS. The findings highlight the association of bruxism with other oral health issues and specific chromosomal abnormalities. Comprehensive oral health assessments, including diagnostic procedures like Polysomnography, are essential for addressing the unique oral health needs of individuals with DS. Further studies are recommended with a valid tool for the diagnosis. Early interventions and management strategies need to be tailored to this population, considering the multifaceted nature of oral health concerns in individuals with DS.
Recent advances in plant endomembrane research and new microscopical techniques
Authors: Zeng Yonglun , Liang Zizhen , Liu Zhiqi , Li Baiying , Cui Yong , Gao Caiji , Shen Jinbo , Wang Xiangfeng , Zhao Qiong , Zhuang Xiaohong , Erdmann Philipp S. , Wong Kam‐Bo , Jiang Liwen
Published: July 2023

The endomembrane system consists of various membrane‐bound organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, trans‐Golgi network (TGN), endosomes, and the lysosome/vacuole. Membrane trafficking between distinct compartments is mainly achieved by vesicular transport. As the endomembrane compartments and the machineries regulating the membrane trafficking are largely conserved across all eukaryotes, our current knowledge on organelle biogenesis and endomembrane trafficking in plants has mainly been shaped by corresponding studies in mammals and yeast. However, unique perspectives have emerged from plant cell biology research through the characterization of plant‐specific regulators as well as the development and application of the state‐of‐the‐art microscopical techniques. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the plant endomembrane system, with a focus on several distinct pathways: ER‐to‐Golgi transport, protein sorting at the TGN, endosomal sorting on multivesicular bodies, vacuolar trafficking/vacuole biogenesis, and the autophagy pathway. We also give an update on advanced imaging techniques for the plant cell biology research.
A review on common root rot of wheat and barley in Australia
Authors: Xiong Yiyi , McCarthy Cheryl , Humpal Jacob , Percy Cassandra
Published: July 2023

Common root rot (CRR) caused by the soilborne pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph Cochliobolus sativus) is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Identification of CRR is difficult and time‐consuming for human assessors due to the non‐distinctive above‐ground symptoms, with browning of subcrown internodes and roots the most distinguishing symptom of infection. CRR disease has been recognized as a significant disease for cereal crops in many countries. In 2009, CRR in Australia was estimated to cause $30 million average annual yield loss for wheat and $13 million for barley. Recent evidence indicates CRR may be more prevalent than expected in Australian wheat cropping areas due to lack of research on this disease. Low levels of B. sorokiniana survive in the soil for up to 10 years and attack plants at early stages of growth. Therefore, mitigating CRR in wheat and barley may not be practical at the late stages of infection due to lack of effective methods; however, early detection might be viable to alleviate the impact of this disease. A comprehensive overview of CRR caused by B. sorokiniana, including disease background, worldwide economic losses, management methods, potential CRR detection using multispectral and hyperspectral sensors and the research focus over the past 50 years is provided in this article. This review paper is expected to provide thorough supplemental information for current studies about CRR and proposes recommendations for whole‐of‐field disease scouting methods to farmers, enabling reduced time and cost for CRR management and increasing wheat and barley production worldwide.
Eye movements during motor imagery and execution reveal different visuomotor control strategies in manual interception
Authors: D'Aquino Alessio , Frank Cornelia , Hagan John Elvis , Schack Thomas
Published: July 2023

Previous research has investigated the degree of congruency in gaze metrics between action execution (AE) and motor imagery (MI) for similar manual tasks. Although eye movement dynamics seem to be limited to relatively simple actions toward static objects, there is little evidence of how gaze parameters change during imagery as a function of more dynamic spatial and temporal task demands. This study examined the similarities and differences in eye movements during AE and MI for an interception task. Twenty‐four students were asked to either mentally simulate or physically intercept a moving target on a computer display. Smooth pursuit, saccades, and response time were compared between the two conditions. The results show that MI was characterized by higher smooth pursuit gain and duration while no meaningful differences were found in the other parameters. The findings indicate that eye movements during imagery are not simply a duplicate of what happens during actual performance. Instead, eye movements appear to vary as a function of the interaction between visuomotor control strategies and task demands.
If it ain't broke, don't fix it: When collaborative public management becomes collaborative excess
Authors: Elston Thomas , Bel Germà , Wang Han
Published: July 2023

Collaboration is a commonly prescribed method of public service improvement. If collaboration fails, blame is typically ascribed to transaction costs, organizational inertia, or premature evaluation. However, drawing on a notable case of collaborative failure in England, we show that misdiagnosing public service problems as being of a type likely to be cured by joint working can also generate poor results, and belongs conceptually prior to many “go‐to” explanations of failure. Using stacked difference‐in‐difference estimators on 11 years of performance data relating to subnational tax administration, we show that inter‐municipal cooperation produced no cost or quality improvements in the administration of this public service, contrary to reformer expectations. Supplementary testing attributes this failure less to governance problems, inertia, or precipitate evaluation than to a basic lack of interdependence—the specific “problem” to which collaboration is the “solution”—between partnering councils. Having already exhausted scale economies internally, partners experienced no mutual reliance warranting their attempt to further economize through collaborative tax administration.
Using mobile phone data to evaluate access to essential services following natural hazards
Authors: Swanson Tessa , Guikema Seth
Published: July 2023

Natural hazards bring about changes in the access to essential services such as grocery stores, healthcare, schools, and day care because of facility closures, transportation system disruption, evacuation orders, power outages, and other barriers to access. Understanding changes in access to essential services following a disruption is critical to ensure equitable recovery and more resilient communities. However, past approaches to understanding facility closures and inaccessibility such as surveys and interviews are labor‐intensive and of limited geographic scope. In this article, we develop an approach to understanding facility‐level inaccessibility across a broad geographic area based on location‐based services data collected from cell phones. This approach supplements current approaches and helps both researchers and emergency response planners better understand which communities lose access to essential services and for how long. We demonstrate our approach by analyzing loss of access to supermarkets, schools, healthcare facilities, and home improvement stores in Southwest Florida leading up to and following the landfall of Hurricane Irma in 2017.
Shoulder pain and injury risk factors in competitive swimmers: A systematic review
Authors: McKenzie Alec , Larequi Sophie‐Alexandra , Hams Andrea , Headrick Jonathon , Whiteley Rod , Duhig Steven
Published: July 2023

Aim

To synthesize and assess the literature for shoulder pain and injury risk factors in competitive swimmers.

Design

Systematic review with best‐evidence synthesis.

Data Sources

CINHAL, SportDiscus, Scorpus, PubMed, and Embase databases from 1966 to April 30 2022.

Search and Inclusion

Cohort, cross‐sectional, and case–control studies investigating shoulder pain or injury risk factors in competitive swimmers were included. Quality of eligible studies were assessed using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Risk factors were divided into four categories: modifiable‐intrinsic, modifiable‐extrinsic, non‐modifiable, and other/secondary.

Results

Of 1356 studies identified, 24 full texts were evaluated for methodological quality, 22 met the criteria and were included in best evidence synthesis. There was no strong evidence supporting or refuting the association between 80 assessed variables and shoulder injury or pain. The swimmers' competitive level (nondirectional), and shoulder muscle recruitment profiles (e.g., increased activity of serratus anterior) exhibited moderate evidence supporting an association. Conversely, internal and external range of motion, middle finger back scratch test, training frequency, specialty stroke, height/weight, sex, and age all had moderate evidence opposing an association. Limited evidence was found for 58 variables, and conflicting for 8. The highest quality study (n = 201) suggested high acute‐to‐chronic workload ratio and reduced posterior shoulder strength endurance are associated with injury.

Conclusions

Due to the paucity of high‐quality studies, future prospective studies are needed to reevaluate known risk factor associations over exploring additional potential risk factors. Swimming practitioners should be aware of the nondirectional association of a swimmer's competitive level and pain, as squad changes could impact injury incidence. Moreover, swimmers experiencing shoulder pain may show increased activity in shoulder stabilizers during specific movements. Importantly, shoulder strength‐endurance may be the most clinically relevant modifiable intrinsic risk factor.
Thanking in the times of the plague: The role of holistic thinking in meaning‐making and gratitude
Authors: Lee Albert , Cheng Cheryl Mei Yen , Lee Liang Ying , Esposito Gianluca , Cheon Bobby Kyungbeom
Published: July 2023

Two studies examined the role of holistic thinking in meaning‐making and gratitude during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Correlational and mediational evidence showed that participants with high holistic thinking tended to construct more meaning from the pandemic and feel grateful, compared to participants with low holistic thinking (Study 1). Experimental manipulation of holistic thinking elicited behavioral choice for books on life meaning, which predicted gratitude (Study 2). These results cannot be explained by individual differences in the perception of threat (Study 1) or distress (Studies 1–2) associated with the pandemic. They cannot be explained by demographic factors such as age or gender, or cultural constructs such as ethnicity, educational level, or religiosity (Studies 1–2). These findings push understanding forward. They strengthen interdisciplinary links, fusing positive psychology with the social cognition of thinking styles. We discuss promising directions for future research with cross‐cultural implications.
Nitrogen dynamics after slurry application as affected by anaerobic digestion, biochar and a nitrification inhibitor
Authors: Frick Hanna , Efosa Norah , Oberson Astrid , Krause Hans‐Martin , Nägele Hans‐Joachim , Frossard Emmanuel , Bünemann Else Katrin
Published: July 2023

Animal manures are valuable multi‐nutrient fertilizers, but their short‐term nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) by plants is low, bearing the potential of harmful N losses to the environment, such as nitrate () leaching. To develop strategies to increase the NUE of cattle slurry, a comprehensive understanding of slurry N dynamics in the soil–plant system is needed. In a 57‐day microcosm experiment in the greenhouse, we assessed the effect of different slurry treatments on slurry N turnover in the soil and its uptake by ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum var. Westerwoldicum). Employing a two‐factorial design, 15N cattle slurry (SLU), 15N anaerobically digested cattle slurry (SLA), and 15N anaerobically digested cattle slurry plus biochar (SLA+) were combined with and without the nitrification inhibitor 3,4‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazole monophosphate (DMPP). As references, a mineral fertilizer (MIN) and an unfertilised treatment (N0) were included. The 15N recovery, hence NUE, in plant biomass was higher for SLA than for SLU, while recovery in soil at 55 days after set‐up showed an opposite trend, with over 45% of N from SLU still being recovered in soil. DMPP and biochar only marginally affected NUE and fertilizer N recovery in soil. Although 15N recovery in soil was highest for SLU, residual N leaching from SLU was low (<1% of added N). We attribute this to the limited presence of slurry N in mineral forms at this point of time, with the majority being stored in the non‐microbial organic soil N pool. Leaching of residual N from MIN was significantly higher for MIN than for SLU, while SLA and SLA+ ranged in between. Overall, anaerobic digestion appeared suitable for increasing NUE of cattle slurry, but further investigations under field conditions are necessary in order to assess its potential to reduce nitrate leaching in the long‐term.
The novel HLA‐C*04:01:152 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Cheng Jie , Zheng Zhong‐Zheng , Du Ke‐Ming , An Lin , Liu Hong‐Jun
Published: July 2023

HLA‐C*04:01:152 differs from HLA‐C*04:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 1.
Next‐generation HLA sequencing reveals the novel HLA‐DPB1*1492:01 allele
Authors: Gvozdjan Kristina , Cheline John , Dastych Kristin , Wirtz Carla , Gaitonde Sujata
Published: July 2023

The novel HLA‐DPB1*1492:01 allele contains a c.190C>T substitution in exon 2 compared to DPB1*19:01:01:01.
Age, admission platelet count, and mortality in severe isolated traumatic brain injury: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kunapaisal Thitikan , Phuong Jim , Liu Zhinan , Stansbury Lynn G. , Vavilala Monica S. , Lele Abhijit V. , Tsang Hamilton C. , Hess John R.
Published: July 2023

Background

We asked whether patients >50 years of age with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) present with lower platelet counts and whether lower platelet counts are independently associated with mortality.

Methods

We combined trauma registry and laboratory data on a retrospective cohort of all patients ≥18 years of age admitted to our Level 1 US regional trauma center 2015–2021 with severe (Head Abbreviated Injury Score [AIS] ≥3), isolated (all other AIS <3) TBI who had a first platelet count within 1 h of arrival. Age and platelet count were assessed continuously and as groups (age 18–50 vs. >50, platelet normals, and at conventional transfusion thresholds). Outcomes such as mean admission platelet counts and in‐hospital mortality were assessed categorically and with logistic regression.

Results

Of 44,056 patients, 1298 (3%, median age: 52 [IQR 33,68], 76.1% male) met all inclusion criteria with no differences between younger and older age groups for (ISS; 18 [14,26] vs. 17 [14,26], p = .22), New ISS (NISS; 29 [19,50] vs. 28 [17,50], p = .36), or AIS‐Head (4 [3,5] vs. 4 [3,5]; p = .87). Patients aged >50 had lower admission platelet counts (219,000 ± 93,000 vs. 242,000 ± 76,000/μL; p < .001) and greater in‐hospital mortality (24.5% vs. 15.6%, p < .001) than those 18–50. In multivariable regression, firearms injuries (OR9.08), increasing age (OR1.004), NISS (OR1.007), and AIS‐Head (OR1.05), and decreasing admission platelet counts (OR0.998) were independently associated with mortality (p < .001–.041). Platelet transfusion in the first 4 h of care was more frequent among older patients (p < .001).

Conclusions

Older patients with TBI had lower admission platelet counts, which were independently associated with greater mortality.
Existence and stability analysis to the sequential coupled hybrid system of fractional differential equations with two different fractional derivatives
Authors: Houas Mohamed , Alzabut Jehad , Khuddush Mahammad
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we discussed the existence, uniqueness and Ulam-type stability of solutions for sequential coupled hybrid fractional differential equations with two derivatives. The uniqueness of solutions is established by means of Banach's contraction mapping principle, while the existence of solutions is derived from Leray-Schauder's alternative fixed point theorem. Further, the Ulam-type stability of the addressed problem is studied. Finally, an example is provided to check the validity of our obtained results.
The effect of fractional order mathematical modelling for examination of academic achievement in schools with stochastic behaviors
Authors: Uzun Pelin Yaprakdal , Uzun Kıvanç , Koca İlknur
Published: July 2023

Academic achievement is very important, as it enables students to be well-equipped for professional and social life and shapes their future. In the case of a possible academic failure, students generally face many cognitive, social, psychological, and behavioral problems. This problem experienced by the students has been addressed with the mathematical model in this study. This mathematical model will be handled with the help of the fractional operator, and the existence, uniqueness, and positivity of the solutions to the model equation system will be examined. In addition, local and global stability analyses of the equilibrium points of the model are planned. Numerical simulations are performed with different values of fractional orders and densities of randomness. This study is very important in terms of its original and multidisciplinary approach to a subject in the field of social sciences.
The solvability of the optimal control problem for a nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Yildirim Aksoy Nigar , Çelik Ercan , Dadas Muhammed Emin
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we analyze the solvability of the optimal control problem for a nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation. A Lions-type functional is considered as the objective functional. First, it is shown that the optimal control problem has at least one solution. Later, the Frechet differentiability of the objective functional is proved and a formula is obtained for its gradient. Finally, a necessary optimality condition is derived.
Universality of the Buchdahl sphere
Authors: Chakraborty Sumanta , Dadhich Naresh
Published: July 2023

Buchdahl sphere, the limiting stable isotropic stellar structure without exotic matter, plays a very important role in our understanding of how compact an astrophysical object can be. Here, we show certain universal properties associated with the Buchdahl sphere, in the sense that these properties will not change with the inclusion of electric charge in the stellar structure, or, will hold good in the pure Lovelock theories of gravity as well. Using these universalities, we have proposed a Buchdahl limit for a slowly-rotating stellar configuration, for the first time. Finally, the universality of the Buchdahl sphere in terms of the gravitational and non-gravitational field energies, as well as for the photon sphere have also been discussed.
离散族裔批评视野下 美国Hmong人的认同书写
Authors: 王 薇
Published: July 2023

美国 Hmong 人因其长时期、远距离和大规模的流散经历而被自然地囊括在离散族裔的群体之中，由其创作的英语文学作品也成为了少数族裔文学和流散文学的重要组成部分。以离散族裔批评理论研究美国 Hmong 人创作的英语文学作品，梳理美国 Hmong 人文化身份认同的多样化实现方式及其变迁历程，从中可见单一固定纯粹的族裔身份并不存在，混合流动多元的族裔身份认同才是海外 Hmong 人在当今全球化时代多元社会融合发展的可持续性策略。
I/O Access Patterns in HPC Applications: A 360-Degree Survey
Authors: Bez Jean Luca , Byna Suren , Ibrahim Shadi
Published: July 2023

The high-performance computing I/O stack has been complex due to multiple software layers, the inter-dependencies among these layers, and the different performance tuning options for each layer. In this complex stack, the definition of an “I/O access pattern” has been reappropriated to describe what an application is doing to write or read data from the perspective of different layers of the stack, often comprising a different set of features. It has become common to have to redefine what is meant when discussing a pattern in every new study, as no assumption can be made. This survey aims to propose a baseline taxonomy, harnessing the I/O community’s knowledge over the past 20 years. This definition can serve as a common ground for high-performance computing I/O researchers and developers to apply known I/O tuning strategies and design new strategies for improving I/O performance. We seek to summarize and bring a consensus to the multiple ways to describe a pattern based on common features already used by the community over the years.
The Business Impact of Inner Source and How to Quantify It
Authors: Buchner Stefan , Riehle Dirk
Published: July 2023

Inner source software development is the practice of using open source practices for firm-internal software development. Practitioner reports have shown that inner source can increase flexibility and reduce costs. Despite the potential benefits of inner source, there has been little research on its impact on businesses and their processes. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review that identified which business processes are affected by inner source development, particularly within the accounting and management domain. Our review revealed the need for new dedicated community building processes within companies. In addition, we examined computational tools and techniques that can be used to measure inner source development. We found that existing tools and techniques are insufficiently suitable to manage inner source processes. Based on this, we propose research topics for future work on quantifying inner source.
A Combinatorial Approach to Regenerate the Periodontal Ligament and Cementum in a Nondental Microenvironment
Authors: Guo Yongwen , He Mengting , Wang Peiqi , Bai Ding , Park Jeong-Hui , Dashnyam Khandmaa , Lee Jung-Hwan , Huck Olivier , Benkirane-Jessel Nadia , Kim Hae-Won , Ramalingam Murugan
Published: July 2023

While treated dentin matrix (TDM) has been used for regeneration of dental tissues, the quality and quantity of regenerated periodontal tissue structure are suboptimal. The present study was undertaken to test whether the combined use of the TDM with dental follicle cells (DFCs) and Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells enhances the regeneration of periodontal structures in a nondental microenvironment. TDMs were fabricated from 3-month-old Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. DFCs and HERS cells were isolated from postnatal 7-day SD rats. Purified DFCs and HERS cells, both in combination or alone, were seeded and cultured on TDM in vitro and characterized. The cell-seeded TDMs were subsequently implanted into a 3-month-old rat greater omentum for 6 weeks, and further histological evaluation was performed. The results showed that cells grew well on the surface of TDMs, and mineralized nodules could be seen, especially in the HERS + DFCs group. After transplantation in rat omentum, periodontal ligament-like fibers and cementum-like structures were observed around the TDM in 1/3 of the samples in both the HERS group and the DFCs group and in 2/3 of the samples in the HERS + DFCs group, while almost no attached tissue formation was found in the TDM only group. The formed cementum width and the periodontal ligament length were significantly larger in the HERS + DFCs group. The periodontal ligament-like fibers in the HERS + DFCs group were orderly arranged and attached to the cementum-like tissues, which resembled the cementum-periodontal structure. Therefore, the combined use of DFCs, TDM, and HERS cells may be a promising strategy for the regeneration of the periodontal structures, especially in the nondental microenvironment.