bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Çeşitli Dinlerde ve Kültürlerde Doğu ve Batı Sembolizmi
Authors: KADIOĞLU Muhsin
Published: January 2023

Eastern and Western Symbolism in Various Religions and Cultures

ABSTRACT: Symbolism is one of the oldest elements in human history. Various forms of symbols have been used in all religions and cultures. In addition to astronomical symbols, numbers, plants, animals, colors, monograms, objects are also used as symbols. While some symbols are used only in some religions or cultures, some symbols are common. Some symbols may have changed meaning over time, although they have a common meaning at the beginning. There are also symbols with completely different meanings. In this article, after examining the concept of west as geographical direction, the symbolic meaning loaded in the west direction in various religions and cultures will be investigated. In the article, the place, importance and symbolism of the West in Islam will be revealed.

ÖZET :Sembolizm, insanlık tarihinin en eski unsurlarından biridir. Bütün dinlerde ve kültürlerde çeşitli şekillerde semboller kullanılmıştır. Astronomik sembollerin yanında sayı, bitki, hayvan, renk, monogram, objeler de sembol olarak kullanılmıştır. Bazı semboller sadece bazı dinlerde veya kültürlerde kullanılırken, bazı semboller ortaktır. Bazı semboller de başlangıçta ortak anlam taşımasına rağmen zaman içinde anlam değişikliğine uğramış olabilir. Bunların yanında tümüyle farklı anlamlara sahip semboller de vardır. Bu makalede coğrafi yön olarak batı kavramı incelendikten sonra çeşitli dinlerde ve kültürlerde batı yönüne yüklenen sembolik anlam araştırılacaktır. Makalede, coğrafi yön olarak batının İslam’daki yeri, önemi ve sembolizmi ortaya konulacaktır.
Zum Beitrag der Selbstmotivation beim Studium des DaF-Unterrichts an der Uni Empirische Untersuchung mit der Klasse M2 an der Uni Oran
Authors: REZIGA Fatima
Published: January 2023

On the Contribution of Self-Motivation in the Study of German as a Foreign Language (DaF) at the University: An Empirical Study with M2 Class at the University of Oran

ABSTRACT: As a teacher of German studies, one is interested in the development of study methods and the demand for teaching motivation. It is always important for the teacher to have a positive approach towards students in German as a Foreign Language (DaF) classes. In this regard, the teacher makes efforts to clarify and promote the idea of self-motivation, as it plays a significant role for learners, particularly students, in developing their own proficiency. Students should have enthusiasm for their studies, such as reading books, surfing the internet, independently completing assignments, engaging in teamwork, and borrowing books from the library, among other activities. By doing so, they can avoid procrastination and disappointment, and cultivate self-discipline. Throughout their studies, students should constantly ask themselves questions such as "What worked well? What is good? What didn't work well?" These self-reflective questions help to correct any potential mistakes.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Als Germanistiklehrer, interessiert man sich für die Entwicklung der Lernmethode des Studiums,  bzw. die Nachfrage der Lehr-Motivation ist immer gefragt, wie der Lehrer positiv mit der Studierenden des DaF-Unterrichts sein kann. Dazu hat der Lehrer immer Bemühungen, um die Idee der Selbstmotivation aufzuklären sowie zu motivieren, denn diese Letzte hat eine große Bedeutung für die Lernenden u.a. die  Studenten, um seinen eigenen Niveau selbst zu entwickeln, sie sollten die Begeisterung beim Studium haben wie Bücher lesen, im Internet surfen, allein seine Hausaufgaben auflösen, Teamwork veranstalten zu lernen und Bücher in der Bibliothek ausleihen usw., um nicht unter Prokrastination und Enttäuschungen zu sein, muss der Student eine Selbstdisziplin haben, z.B.: beim ganzen Studium, stattdessen soll man sich immer fragen: „was hat geklappt? was ist gut? Was hat nicht gut funktioniert? Diese stellenden Fragen helfen die etwaigen Fehler zu korrigieren.
The Impact Social Networking ‘Facebook’ on EFL Learners’ Cultural Exchange and Code-switching as Young Receptors
Authors: SEKHRI Ouided
Published: January 2023

It has  been globally acknowledged that social networking  and  especially  'Facebook'  is  a  means of transferring  culture from  one  nation  to  another.  In  fact,  'Facebook'  has  become  the  leading  social  network  platform  on  the  internet  because  it  attracts  the  attention  of  all  the  categories  of  the  society  with  no  exception.  Men and  women,  students  and  teachers,  and friends  and  acquaintances  use  it  depending  on  their  needs.  For  that,  when  someone  logs  into  Facebook  s/he  observes  the  extent  to  which  this  universe  has  become  a  small  village  where  all  cultures  are  put  in  a  melting  pot  and  where  everything  is  at  a  fingertip.  Indeed,  there  are  different  languages  used  by  EFL  learners  both  in their  lives  and  particularly  in the  use  of  Facebook.  This  results  in  a  problem  which  has  been  a  usual  phenomenon  known  as  code  switching  on  Facebook.  Most of  EFL  learners flee  from  the  Arabic language  or  mix  it  with  English.  This  paper  is  an  attempt  to  spot  light  on  how  EFL  learners  interact  when  using  Facebook  either  with  people  from  their  country  or  with  foreigners.  Doing  so,  we  shall  see if  their  conversations  on  Facebook  are  beneficial  for learning  others'  cultures  or  not.  Thus,  we  will  shed  light  on  the  way  EFL  learners  use  Facebook  and  the  relation  between  this  social  networking  and  cultural  exchange.
Арабский язык как инструмент формирования духовной культуры
Authors: BERREFAS Manel
Published: January 2023

Arabic Language as an Instrument for Forming Spiritual Culture

ABSTRACT: Language is the embodiment of a person's spiritual presence in the world. It serves as a tool for expressing the spiritual reality surrounding us, and it is a means of confirming human existence on Earth. Therefore, language defines words and spirits, shaping all practical human actions and significantly influencing behavior and personality. As a result, it plays a crucial role in everyday life and society. The role of language as a universal spiritual reflection of reality should fundamentally transform the state of language in the modern world, requiring its full functioning in all areas of life.

РЕЗЮМЕ: Язык является воплощением духовного присутствия человека в мире, он представляет собой инструмент для твитирования духовной окружающей действительности, и это средство подтверждения выживания человека на земле, и, следовательно, определяет слова и духи, моделируя все практические действия человека и в значительной степени определяет его поведение и личность и, следовательно, играет важную роль в повседневной жизни человека. И общество. Поэтому роль языка как универсального духовного отражения реальности должна коренным образом изменить состояние языка в современном мире, что требует полноценного функционирования языка во всех сферах жизни.
الترجمة الإشهارية ذات جودة
Authors: AMEUR Houria
Published: January 2023

High-Quality Advertising Translation

ABSTRACT: Advertising has witnessed significant growth in recent years, especially in Western societies. These societies have become skilled at competing and using the latest technological advancements to present innovative and unprecedented advertising content. This reality has led our youth to neglect our culture, language, and Arabic channels in favor of other languages and cultures. This phenomenon has worsened in recent years. Moreover, this field of expertise serves as a source of inspiration, as engaging in research on this topic is highly captivating. We hope that this will be the beginning of many future research endeavors.

الملخص: عرف الإشهار ازدهارا كبيرا في السنوات الأخيرة خاصة في المجتمعات الغربية، و صارت هذه المجتمعات نفسها تتفنن و تتنافس في الإبداع و استعمال آخر التقنيات التكنولوجية لتقديم ما هو أحدث و غير سابق في الإشهار؛ هذا الواقع دفع بشبابنا إلى إهمال ثقافتنا و لغتنا و كذا القنوات العربية لصالح اللغات والثقافات الأخرى، و زادت هذه الظاهرة تفاقما في السنوات الأخيرة، ناهيك على كون هذا الاختصاص مصدر إلهام إذ خوض غمار البحث في هذا الموضوع مشوق جدا  نأمل من خلاه أن يكون  بداية للعديد من الأبحاث مستقبلا.
- اللجلجة بين المفهوم والأسباب فالعلاج - رؤية إكلينيكية
Authors: ZIAD Chouaib
Published: January 2023

The Stuttering Between the Concept and The Reasons for Treatment - A Clinical Perspective –

ABSTRACT: Stuttering is a speech fluency disorder characterized by sudden pauses, involuntary repetition of sounds, syllables, and words, complete cessation of speech, or prolongation of sounds and syllables. Communication is defined as the exchange of ideas between the sender and the receiver. Some people find this process to be normal and easy for them, while for others, speaking can be one of the most challenging aspects of their daily lives. This led us to research stuttering from a conceptual perspective and then move on to the causes of stuttering and how it manifests. Gradual therapy methods using mind maps were employed in the process.

الملخص:  اللجلجة هي اضطراب في طلاقة الكلام يتميز بالتوقف المفاجئ أو التكرار اللاإرادي للأصوات والمقاطع والكلمات أو التوقف تماماً عن الكلام أو إطالة الأصوات والمقاطع،يعرف التواصل بأنه عبارة عن تبادل الأفكار بين المرسل والمستقبل، فنجد بعضا من الناس قد تتم هذه العملية بطريقة عادية سهلة عندهم، بينما عند الآخرين يمكن أن يكون الكلام أصعب الأمور في حياتهم اليومية،ومن هنا جاء بحثنا حول اللجلجة دراسة مفاهمية ثم انتقلنا إلى أسباب اللجلجة وكيف كان ظهورها،فأساليب العلاج التدريجي مستخدما بذلك خرائط ذهنية.
Die Kommunikationsfähigkeit für die DaF-Lerner in Algerien
Authors: BENOUDDANE Ahmed
Published: January 2023

The Communication Skills for German as a Foreign Language (DaF) Learners in Algeria

ABSTRACT: In foreign language instruction, learners acquire language skills, including vocabulary and phonetics, which enable them to engage in communication. Knowledge of vocabulary and phonetics, along with the skills of listening and speaking, form the basis for effective communication. They are the focal points of foreign language learning, encompassing vocabulary acquisition and pronunciation instruction. The task of learning vocabulary and phonetics serves as a bridge between the speaker and the listener in communication. This study aims to demonstrate the influence of vocabulary exercises, conversation practice, and the skills of listening and speaking on effective communication. The main objective of this research is to investigate how to achieve successful communication.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:Im Fremdsprachenunterricht erwirbt der Lerner Sprachkenntnisse. Dazu gehören der Wortschatz und der phonetische Aspekt, mit denen der Lerner fähig wird, eine Kommunikation durchzuführen. Die Kenntnisse über Wortschatz und Phonetik bilden neben den Fertigkeiten Hören und Sprechen die Orientierung für eine gute Kommunikation, sie sind die Gegenstände des Lernens einer Fremdsprache, die die Wortschatzvermittlung und eine Darstellung der Aussprache enthält. Die Aufgabe des Lernens von Wortschatz und Phonetik bildet gewissermaßen die Brücke zwischen dem Sprecher und dem Hörer in einer Kommunikation. Die vorliegende Arbeit möchte darstellen, wie sieht den Einfluss der Wortschatzübungen, Gesprächübungen und die  Fertigkeiten (Hören und Sprechen) in einer guten Kommunikation aus. Das Hauptziel dieser Recherche besteht vor allem darin, zu untersuchen, wie kann man eine gute Kommunikation durchzuführen.
Panorama des réflexions théoriques et méthodologiques en analyse du discours
Authors: BENSEBIA Abdelhak Abderrahmane
Published: January 2023

Overview of Theoretical and Methodological Reflections in Discourse Analysis

ABSTRACT: Being interested in discourse as a polysemic concept also means questioning the diversity of approaches and methods of analysis, however diverse they may be, which allow us to apprehend linguistic corpora by calling upon linguistic and extralinguistic theories, making discourse a major field of study whose perspectives remain always open and limitless. Analyzing a corpus, taken in its pragmatic dimensions, often means summoning up the various analyses of textual data which tend above all to bring out the information that structures and shapes a text, while also resorting to methodological undertakings, which change according to the type of text, the information to be extracted, and above all understanding its architecture. The effectiveness of an analysis of a text is intrinsically based on a theoretical and methodological foundation, hence the need to retrace the two main lines that separate two methods of discourse analysis, namely the analysis of discourse and its various fields of operation and the analysis of content as a potential, which can provide results and a general understanding of a corpus

RÉSUMÉ : S’intéresser au discours, en tant que concept polysémique, c’est aussi interroger la diversité des approches et méthodes d’analyse, aussi diversifiées soient-elles qui permettent d’appréhender des corpus linguistiques en faisant appel aux théories linguistiques et extralinguistiques rendant le discours un grand chantier dont les perspectives restent toujours ouvertes et sans limites. Analyser un corpus, pris dans ses dimensions pragmatiques, c’est souvent convoquer les différentes analyses de données textuelles qui tendent avant tout à faire sortir l’information qui structure et façonne un texte, en ayant aussi recours à des entreprises méthodologiques, qui changent en fonction de type de texte, les informations à extraire, et surtout comprendre son architecture. L’efficacité d’une analyse d’un texte repose intrinsèquement  sur un soubassement théorique et méthodologique, d’où la nécessité de retracer les deux grandes lignes qui séparent deux méthodes d’analyse du discours, à savoir l’analyse de discours et ses différents champs opératoires et l’analyse de contenu comme un potentiel, susceptible de fournir des résultats et une compréhension générale d’un corpus.
Exploring the Potential of Literature in Shaping EFL Learners’ Critical Mind
Authors: BERRARBI Amina
Published: January 2023

The present paper seeks to examine the usefulness of literary texts in enhancing the students’ critical abilities.  It also attempts to shed light on the way literature leads students to think, reflect, question and analyse what they read and respond to it critically. This study addresses the following questions: What importance can be accorded to literary texts in developing critical thinking? How can literature reading re-shape students’ critical mind? Are literary texts worth reading for improving critical thinking? To find answers to these questions an experimental study was undertaken with a sample of Algerian EFL undergraduate students at Mostaganem University. The results obtained from the fieldwork analysis reveal that the literary discussions provided in literature classes, student’ written assignments and the oral exchanges about a literary text contribute to the progress of the students’ analytical skills and help them to shape their own critical mind. Yet, in order to enhance EFL students reading strategies, the reading atmosphere should be facilitated by the teacher and used as a free discussion ground where learners can freely debate, question and interpret. So, Literature does not only imply telling stories, it is telling a story which can create a feeling, an impression, develop ideas, and comment on a specific culture or a human behavior.
Teaching Language Skills in Competency-Based Approach: Practical Guidelines
Authors: BOUKHENTACHE Slimane
Published: January 2023

Since the introduction of competency-based teaching into the Algerian English language syllabuses in 2005, teachers have been supplied with a big deal of theory about this instructional model, without practical applications for day-to-day classroom instruction. This study focuses on practical issues of the competency system through a concrete illustration of the teaching of the four language skills (listening, reading, speaking, and writing).  Essentially, the teaching of these basics is embedded in life skills, and their practice is carried out through the prior teaching of the competency pre-requisites of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Next, an authentic global task is presented to learners to harmoniously reinvest their newly acquired knowledge, skills and attitudes to solve a problem.
L’impresa coloniale libica tra letteratura coloniale e stampa
Authors: ELGHARBI Hamza
Published: January 2023

The Libyan Colonial Enterprise Between Colonial Literature and the Press

ABSTRACT: This article aims to analyze the Libyan War, also known as the Italo-Turkish War, from a historical, literary, and journalistic perspective. To understand how colonial literature and the press of the early 20th century portrayed this historical event, we have chosen to focus our work on two authors and two journalists. The colonial writers who dedicated their works to the Libyan War are Enrico Corradini and Giovanni Pascoli, while the journalists are Renato Serra and Giuseppe Bevione. Colonial literature and the press played a role in the Libyan War by disseminating colonial consciousness and nationalism within Italian society.

RIASSUNTO: Il presente articolo mira ad analizzare la guerra di Libia, detta anche la guerra italo-turca da punto di vista storico letterario e giornalistico.  Per saper come la letteratura coloniale e la stampa degli anni 11 e 12 del Novecento hanno presentato l’evento storico, abbiamo deciso di concentrare il nostro lavoro su due autori e su due giornalisti. Gli scrittori coloniali che hanno dedicato le loro opere alla guerra di Libia sono Enrico Corradini e Giovanni Pascoli, invece i giornalisti sono Renato Serra e Giuseppe Bevione. La letteratura coloniale e la stampa hanno contribuito alla guerra di Libia con il compito di diffondere la coscienza coloniale e il nazionalismo nella società italiana.
“Herbs or Stars.” A Brief Survey of some Translations of the Glorious Qur’an: The Case of Surat Ar-Rahman
Authors: LAYADI-MOUFFAK Khadidja
Published: January 2023

Writers from different countries, different religions and even different linguistic backgrounds have tried to understand the meaning of the Qur’an, then to translate it in different languages. Thus, this study is based on three translations of Surat Ar-Rahman written respectively by Abdullah Yusuf Ali (Y), Mohammed Marmaduke Pickthall (P), and Muhammad Habib Shakir (S). The researcher has combined and twinned them to their transliterated equivalent verse. The translations are from the source language (Classical Arabic) to the target language (English). Obviously, there will be no syntactic or morphological analysis of these translations. It would apparently be a too great task for the author of this paper, since any Surah of the Qur’an would need centuries to explain all that unique, dignified figurative language enhanced with several anaphors. This paper, compared to others, is at an embryonic stage. The researcher will consider just some differences in the three translations which have puzzled her for years. Hence, she arrives to the conclusion that due to the richness and the Grandeur of the pragmatic meaning of the Glorious Qur’an, further research is needed to highlight some of the religious, cultural and linguistic differences between Languages.
Portrayal of ‘Hunting’ in Environmental History of India
Authors: LODH Sayan
Published: January 2023

The paper begins with a general discussion on hunting. It is divided into four main parts, discussing about the effect of hunting on environment and ecology in Ancient, Medieval, Colonial and Independent India. Across all the ages, hunting wild animals has been an important activity for the royals and nobles. In ancient India, only Ashoka took some initiatives at protecting the animals and environment. The portion on Medieval India mainly focusses on the Mughals and their hunting styles. In the colonial period, mastery over nature was thought of as a part of mastery over India. Both British officials and Indian princes unabatedly shot many animals, which ultimately led to the extinction of cheetah in India. In the part on Independent India, the efforts by Indira Gandhi like the ‘Wildlife Protection Act’ in 1972, Project Tiger and its effects have been given. In conclusion, the need to conserve our wildlife is briefly cited with reference to a few high-profile cases of hunting in India even after it was outlawed.
Zum Einfluss der kulturellen Hintergründe auf Deutschlernen in Algerien
Authors: NOUAH Mohamed
Published: January 2023

On the Influence of Cultural Backgrounds on Learning German in Algeria

ABSTRACT: The term "Interculturality", refers to the process of interaction between members of different cultures. New actions and interpretations arise through the action or communication situation, which cannot be clearly assigned to either culture, but rather create a new synergetic "intermediate culture". It is the meeting of two or more cultures in which, despite cultural differences, mutual influence emerges. When different cultures meet, one's own cultural identity and influence can be experienced mutually. Interculturality means taking and thinking from a different perspective without drawing hasty conclusions. The foreign should not be incorporated into one's own self-image, but should, first of all, only consciously be taken into consideration. In order to understand the other, one must become aware of one's own point of view. The foreign and one's own culture thus enter into a productive relationship of mutual exchange. Interculturality is therefore an auxiliary factor for learning two languages or acquiring cultures. But sometimes there are some distinctions between the mother language and the foreign language which are seen as obstacles to teaching and learning. We would like to illustrate this point with concrete examples in this article in order to open up new perspectives for improving the quality of teaching in the context of digitization.  

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Der Begriff "Interkulturalität" bezeichnet den Interaktionsprozess zwischen Angehörigen unterschiedlicher Kulturen. Durch die Handlungs- bzw. Kommunikationssituation entstehen neue Handlungen und Deutungen, die weder der einen noch der anderen Kultur eindeutig zugeordnet werden können, sondern gewissermaßen eine neue synergetische "Zwischen-Kultur" erschaffen. Unter Interkulturalität versteht man das Aufeinandertreffen von zwei oder mehr Kulturen. Sie meint dabei die Einnahme und das Denken aus der jeweilig- anderen Perspektive ohne das Ziehen vorschneller Schlüsse. Die fremde und eigene Kultur treten damit in eine produktive Beziehung des gegenseitigen Austausches. Interkulturalität ist also ein Hilfsfaktor, um zwei Sprachen zu lernen bzw. Kulturen zu erwerben. Aber manchmal gibt es zwischen Mutter- und Fremdsprache einige Unterscheidungen, die als Hindernis zum optimalen Erwerb einer Fremdsprache (z.B. Deutsch) betrachtet werden. Diesen Punkt möchten wir in diesem Beitrag verdeutlichen, um neue Perspektiven zu eröffnen.
Compte-rendu d’ouvrage : Beacoo, J-C., 2018. L’Altérité en classe de langue : Pour une méthodologie éducative, Paris, Les éditions Didier, 304 Pages.
Authors: SOLTANI EL-Mehdi
Published: January 2023

Book Review: Beacoo, J-C., 2018. L'Altérité en classe de langue : Pour une méthodologie éducative [Otherness in the Language Classroom: Towards an Educational Methodology]. Paris, Les éditions Didier, 304 pages.

ABSTRACT: At first glance, we consider that the teaching of a foreign language necessarily depends on the teaching of its cultural dimension. Indeed, whatever type of recipient is to be taught, the transmission of a foreign language is accompanied by the transmission of its cultural references and symbols. In this book, J-C. Beacco tries exploring an intercultural approach to education that must take into account specific contexts adapted to the department's educational process. This author is also centred on multiculturalism and others, and the prominence of these two components in the classroom. From this perspective, teaching staff must pay particular attention to the attitudes and reactions of learners towards the cultural references of other societies. To this end, formation must aim at the cultures of others to eliminate germs that have negative effects on social cohesion and understanding of others.

RÉSUMÉ : De prime abord, nous considérons que l’enseignement d’une langue étrangère serait forcément tributaire de l’enseignement de sa dimension culturelle. En effet, quel que soit le public à enseigner, la transmission d’une langue étrangère est accompagnée de la transmission de ses références culturelles. Dans cet ouvrage, J-C. Beacco, tente de nous explorer une approche à l’éducation interculturelle qui doit prendre en compte des contextes spécifiques et adaptés au processus pédagogique de la classe de langue. Le présent manuscrit s’articule également autour de l’interculturel et de l’altérité, ainsi que la place prépondérante qu’occupent ces deux éléments en classe. C’est dans cette optique que les enseignants doivent porter une attention particulière vis-à-vis des attitudes et des réactions des apprenants envers les référents culturels des autres sociétés. À cet effet, la formation à l’altérité devrait avoir pour objectif l’élimination des germes qui entraînent des effets négatifs sur la cohésion sociale et la compréhension de l’Autre.
The Use of Audio Recording during Lectures by E.M.P Students and its Effect on the Learning Process
Authors: TALHA Boualem , DORBANE Zine El Abidine
Published: January 2023

Audio recording of lectures is becoming a more common tool in the hands of university students, especially in English for specific purpose classes; the objective of this study is to highlight the reasons, the benefits as well as the limitations of using such a tool in such circumstances. Furthermore, clarifying to what extent does audio recording support students of English as a foreign language, acquire knowledge and perform well in tests. The data collection tools used are both qualitative and quantitative research methods, exploited to determine the impact of EFL university students’ use of audio recording. Individual interviews and questionnaires were conducted in the Department of pharmacy, Faculty of medicine, University of Djillali Liabes, Sidi Bel-Abbes. We gave the questionnaires to One hundred and fifty (150) second-year students. After coding and analysing the data, the main findings showed that audio recording of lectures influenced student’s performance and attendance in numerous ways.
Postmodernism in “A Wild Sheep Chase”, the Novel by Haruki Murakami (Haruki Murakami'nin “Yaban Koyunun İzinde” romanında postmodernizm)
Authors: YUNUSOVA Gulnar
Published: January 2023

The eminent representative of the modern Japanese literature, writer and translator, famous face of postmodernism, Haruki Murakami has started to play an important role in the national literature with his works since the begging of 1990s. The works of Haruki Murakami reflects a large period of Japanese way of thinking in the age of globalization. With his own specific direction of writing, he is one of the writers who have directly contributed to the development of the world postmodern literature, along with the Japanese literature. Introduced to the readers in 1982, the novel of “A Wild Sheep Chase” has laid the foundation of the postmodern style of Murakami. Combining the main characteristics of postmodernism such as chaos, synthesis, montage, collage, meta-story and etc., the novel links the alienation of an individual in the Japanese society to the nature of consumer culture and authoritarian-totalitarian regimes. Alienation, which is a characteristic for political ideology regimes aims at alienating individuals from the society, nature and from even themselves, their own true essence. The author has written down the process of a human turning into a post-human as a result of not tolerating to the pressures aiming to fit them into standardizing molds and depriving them from their differentiating characteristics. The unnamed hero of the novel, Boku looks for the meaning of the existence in his world that is full of questions. This search takes him back to the times before his birth. In order to find an answer, Boku looks for something to help him to leave the reality behind. As a result, he falls into a chaos, where people move in the directions that they have not chosen and do things that they do not desire, as well where the free will does not have any meaning.
Révision de la Traduction Coranique de Hamidullah par le Complexe du Roi Fahd (CRF) : (Sourate Al-Hajj en tant que modèle)
Authors: AL-TRAIF Hamad bin Ibrahim
Published: January 2023

Revision of the Hamidullah's Quranic Translation by the King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Quran (KFC): (Surah Al-Hajj as a Case Study)

ABSTRACT: The translation of the Holy Qur'an has not ceased to cause ink to flow. Since the first drafts of the French translations of the Celestial Book of the Islamic Religion by Du Ryer, Antoine Galland, Savary or Kazimirski, translations made by Muslims have multiplied. That of the eminent Indian scholar Mohammed Hamidullah has been a landmark. It was taken up and revised by the King Fahd Complex for the printing of the Holy Qur'an in the holy city of Medina, cradle of Islam. This amended version, which proposed to focus on the dogmatic dimension of the text and to rid it of all deviations from pure monotheism, was intended to provide a well-known product, but this was not always the case, either at the ideological level or at the level of translation faithful to the original text. We took a sample of this revised translation, in the form of the Qur’anic Sura No. 22 Al-Hajj to carry out a comparative study between hamidullah’s version and the revised Saudi version, King Fahd Complex for the printing of the Holy Qur'an, in order to see at close what this latest version brings to that of the Indian scholar and in what way it wrongs him, while referring to three other famous Koranic translations, including that, the latest, of our gifted colleague, Dr. Nebil Radhouane, to make the distinction.

RÉSUMÉ : La traduction du Saint-Coran n’a pas cessé de faire couler de l’encre. Depuis les premières ébauches des traductions françaises du Livre Céleste de la religion islamique par Du Ryer, Antoine Galland, Savary ou Kazimirski, les traductions faites par des musulmans se sont multipliées. Celle de l’éminent érudit indien Mohammed Hamidullah a fait date. Elle fut reprise et révisée par le Complexe du Roi Fahd pour l’impression du Saint Coran dans la sainte ville de Médine, berceau de l’Islam. Cette version amendée qui s’est proposé de focaliser sur la dimension dogmatique du texte et de le débarrasser de toutes les entorses au monothéisme pur devait apporter un produit bien fignolé mais ce ne fut pas toujours le cas, que ce soit au niveau idéologique ou au niveau de la traduction fidèle au texte de départ. Nous avons pris un échantillon de cette traduction révisée, sous forme de la sourate coranique N° 22 Al-Hajj pour procéder à une étude comparative entre la version de Hamidullah et la version saoudienne, du Comlexe du Roi Fahd, révisée, en vue de voir de près ce que cette dernière version apporte à celle de l’érudit indien et en quoi, elle lui porte tort, tout en se référant à trois autres traductions coraniques célèbres, dont celle, la dernière en date, de notre collègue doué, Dr. Nebil Radhouane, pour faire la part des choses.
Lesen, Interpretieren und Rezeption literarischer Texte
Authors: BEHILIL Abdelkader
Published: January 2023

Reading, Interpreting, and the Reception of Literary Texts

ABSTRACT: The reception of literary texts has emerged as a significant area of research within contemporary literary studies. This article explores the diverse ways in which readers engage with and interpret texts, highlighting the subjectivity of reader understanding. It delves into the notion that various readers comprehend the same text through subtle differences, influenced by individual nuances and perspectives. With this shift in focus, the subjective nature of reader reception has gained prominence in text research. The article further explores how readers, shaped by their unique interests and cultural backgrounds, perceive different aspects of a text. It exemplifies this phenomenon by illustrating the varied receptions and interpretations of a single poem. By acknowledging and examining the multiplicity of reader perspectives, this article provides valuable insights into the complex relationship between texts and their readers in the realm of literature.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Der Empfang literarischer Texte hat sich als bedeutender Forschungsbereich in der zeitgenössischen Literaturwissenschaft herausgebildet. Dieser Artikel untersucht die vielfältigen Wege, auf denen Leserinnen und Leser Texte erschließen und interpretieren und hebt dabei die Subjektivität des Leserverständnisses hervor. Er vertieft die Vorstellung, dass verschiedene Leserinnen und Leser den gleichen Text durch subtile Unterschiede erfassen, beeinflusst von individuellen Nuancen und Perspektiven. Mit diesem Fokuswechsel hat die subjektive Natur des Leserempfangs in der Textforschung an Bedeutung gewonnen. Der Artikel untersucht weiterhin, wie Leserinnen und Leser, geprägt von ihren individuellen Interessen und kulturellen Hintergründen, verschiedene Aspekte eines Textes wahrnehmen. Dieses Phänomen wird anhand der vielfältigen Empfänge und Interpretationen eines einzigen Gedichts veranschaulicht. Indem er die Vielfalt der Leserperspektiven anerkennt und untersucht, liefert dieser Artikel wertvolle Einblicke in die komplexe Beziehung zwischen Texten und ihren Lesern im Bereich der Literatur.
La Numidia Post-massinissiana: la lotta di potere e le guerre giugurtine. Come Roma riuscì a sopprimere la minaccia giugurtina?
Authors: CHEBINI Sabrina
Published: January 2023

The Post-Massinissian Numidia: The Struggle for Power and the Jugurthine Wars. How Did Rome Manage to Suppress the Jugurthine Threat?

ABSTRACT: With the Third Punic War, Scipio Emiliano had settled the African question, constituting a province which still had good relations with the kingdom of Numidia ruled by Massinissa, whose politics had attracted Roman merchants and businessmen to Africa, romans and italics. attracted by African riches, Rome was therefore grateful for the relations it had with Numidia. the kingdom after the death of Massinissa had passed to the eldest son Mecipsa, on the latter's death, the kingdom was disputed by the three main heirs, among them, the most unscrupulous was Giugurta, adopted son of Mecipsa, thus a long struggle for supremacy broke out. This article deals with the period of the Roman conquest in North Africa, with particular dedication to the period post- Massinissa and the analysis of the politico-social scenario of Numidia. What role did Giugurta play? How did Rome respond to this threat?

RIASSUNTO: Con la terza guerra punica, Scipione Emiliano sbarcò sul territorio di Cartagine, dopo questa grandiosa vittoria, l’Africa del Nord divenne provincia romana, Roma e Numidia avevano sempre mantenuto buoni rapporti, infatti la politica di Massinissa aveva atterrato in Africa commercianti e uomini d’affari, romani ed italici attratti dalle ricchezze africane, dunque Roma era contenta dei rapporti che interattiva con la Numidia, il regno dopo la morte di Massinissa era passato al figlio maggiore Mecipsa, alla morte di quest’ultimo, il regno fu conteso dai tre principali eredi, tra i quali il più spregiudicato era Giugurta, figlio adottivo di Mecipsa, scoppiò cosi una lunga lotto per la supremazia. Nel presente articolo sono trattati i momenti della conquista romana in Nord-Africa, con particolare dedizione al periodo post-massinissiano e all’analisi dello scenario politico-sociale della Numidia. Quale il ruolo giocato da Giugurta ? Come Roma rispose a tale minaccia?
The First Female Pirate in Islamic History (İslam Tarihinin İlk Kadın Korsanı)
Authors: KADIOĞLU Muhsin
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT: This article examines women who commanded armies, participated in warfare, and engaged in piracy on the seas. To be considered a warrior, a woman must have commanded an army, navy, or an organized group of fighters, even if they were unrecognized. After providing information about famous women in different mythologies and histories of various nations, particular emphasis is placed on Muslim warrior women. Women have always been a debated topic in Islam. Therefore, this research focuses on Muslim warrior women. After providing brief information about Muslim warrior women, the study highlights the first female naval warrior, Seyyide Ayşe. Piracy requires specific knowledge. Therefore, Seyyide's identity, reasons for piracy, the warriors who inspired her, and the female pirate mariners she inspired are examined. This study aims to provide new insights into the social participation of Muslim women.

ÖZET : Bu makalede, orduları yöneten, savaşa katılan, denizlerde korsanlık yapan kadınlar incelenmiştir. Bir kadının savaşçı olarak düşünülebilmesi için, bir orduya, donanmaya veya tanınmamış olsa da örgütlü bir savaşçı gruba komuta etmesi esas alınmıştır. Farklı milletlerin mitolojilerinde ve tarihlerindeki ünlü kadınlar hakkında bilgiler verildikten sonra, özellikle Müslüman savaşçı kadınlar incelenmiştir. İslam’da kadın her zaman tartışılan bir konu olmuştur. Bu nedenle, İslam dünyasındaki savaşçı kadınlar araştırılmıştır. Müslüman savaşçı kadınlar hakkında kısa bilgiler verildikten sonra, ilk deniz savaşçısı Seyyide Ayşe üzerinde durulmuştur. Korsanlık özel bilgiler gerektirmektedir. Bu nedenle Seyyide’nin kimliği, korsanlık nedenleri, ilham aldığı savaşçılar ve ilham verdiği denizci korsan kadınlar incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, Müslüman kadınların sosyal hayata katılımı konusunda yeni bilgiler verecektir.
Towards the Arabisation of Algeria
Authors: NAKLA Houcine Gherici
Published: January 2023

The Algerian linguistic case differs from the other Arabic-speaking nations’ situations in terms of the coexistence of a number of languages and varieties. Throughout history, Algeria has been colonised and visited by diverse people with divergent cultures, origins and tongues. In fact, after winning its independence in 1962, the authorities started immediately thinking about restoring their identity through the imposition of Arabic as the sole official and national language of the country and Islam as its only religion. Right after the implementation of this policy, various sides made a fuss and expressed disagreement, including the Francophones and the Berberophones. It is noteworthy that despite all the obstacles that the Arabophones have faced and in spite of language competition and the appearance of an international tongue like English in an era of globalization, Arabic remains an official language that one can find in interesting domains and sectors, viz. administrations and education as well.
Consideraciones generales relativas a las plazas de Orán y Mazalquivir
Authors: RAFAI Naimi
Published: January 2023

General Considerations Regarding the Cities  of Oran and Mers El Kébir

ABSTRACT:  This article has seemed of great interest to us regarding the topic of Spanish possessions in North Africa under the reign of the Habsburgs. We aim to focus on the historical events related to the specific and rapid military successes resulting from the chaotic situation in the Maghreb. These successes led to the conquest of key points along the Maghreb's coastal strip, making the two cities of Oran and Mers El Kébir Spanish possessions. When discussing Mediterranean corsairs, most studies refer to the Barbary pirates. In this regard, we are particularly interested in evaluating the Spanish presence in these Maghreb enclaves. To carry out this work, it is important to provide a brief historical overview of Spanish presence in North Africa, with emphasis on the events that occurred in Oran. This city has represented considerable importance in the hearts of Spaniards for centuries and has been closely connected to the Iberian Peninsula since its foundation. Oran holds a significant place in general historiography as a Spanish-controlled territory in North Africa, from 1509 and throughout most of the Early Modern period. Both cities are located in the former kingdom of Tlemcen, the ancient Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis, which will also play a certain role

RESUMEN: El presente artículo, nos ha parecido de gran interés en cuanto al tema de las posesiones españolas del Norte de África bajo el reinado de los Habsburgo, en el cual intentamos enfocar los hechos históricos que se refieren a los éxitos militares puntuales y muy rápidos, a causa de la situación caótica del Magreb, que se tradujeron por la conquista de los puntos claves de la franja litoral magrebí, se convirtieron las dos plazas de Orán y Mazalquivir en dos posesiones españolas, mientras, cuando se habla de los corsarios mediterráneos, la mayor parte de los estudios se están refiriendo a los berberiscos. Al respecto, centramos nuestra atención en ¿Cómo ha sido valorada esta presencia española en los enclaves magrebíes? Para llevar a cabo este trabajo, es importante hacer una breve reseña histórica de la presencia española en el Norte de África, haciendo hincapié de lo que acaeció en Orán. Dicha plaza representa una importancia considerable en el corazón de los españoles desde ya hace siglos; estaba muy vinculada desde su fundación a la Península. Orán va a estar presente en la historiografía más general, en que constituye un territorio de control español en el Norte de África, desde 1509 y durante casi totalidad de la Edad moderna. Ambas plazas se localizan en el antiguo reino de Tremecén, la antigua Mauritania Cesariense romana, que a su vez, van a tener cierto protagonismo.
La Subversion du personnage romanesque dans le roman « Le village de l’allemand » de Boualem Sansal
Authors: SAIAH Ahmed Réda
Published: January 2023

The Subversion of the Novelistic Character in the Novel "Le village de l’allemand" by Boualem Sansal

ABSTRACT: Our study focuses on the subversion of the traditional notion of the character through their worldview, which is omnipresent in the novel "Le village de l'allemand" by Boualem Sansal. In this regard, we have delved into the socio-historical aspect of the character, highlighting how spatio-temporal clues shape the novel while the writing strategies manifest their factuality. By referencing real toponymies that form the novel's structure, the author effectively situates the narrative within the interdependence of realistic fiction. Indeed, deliberately throughout the story, the author inserts a temporality that evokes or even provokes a (con)fusion of fiction and reality, and this subversion is evident both thematically and scripturally. As a result of this reflection, we have concluded that this interplay between history and memory manifests a conflicted story intimately intertwined.

RÉSUMÉ : Notre étude porte sur la subversion de la notion traditionnelle du personnage à travers sa vision du monde qui est omniprésente dans le roman Le village de l’allemand de Boualem Sansal. Dans cette optique, nous avons fait une immersion dans l’aspect sociohistorique du personnage, ou nous avons souligné que les indices spatio-temporels édifient le roman alors que les stratégies d’écriture manifestent leur factualité. En faisant référence à des toponymies réelles qui constituent la structure romanesque, l’auteur place de facto son récit dans l’interdépendance du roman réaliste. En effet, l’auteur insère délibérément tout au long du récit une temporalité évoquant voir provoquant une (con)fusion fiction-réalité, cette subversion se manifeste tant au niveau thématique que scriptural. Au terme de cette réflexion, nous avons conclu que ce truchement de l’Histoire et de la mémoire manifeste une histoire conflictuelle intimement liée.
Der Beitrag der Interkulturalität zur Vermittlung einer Fremdsprache
Authors: SENOUCI Abdelkrim
Published: January 2023

The Contribution of Interculturality to the Teaching of a Foreign Language

ABSTRACT: Intercultural competence enables foreign language learners to fill in or complement the missing background knowledge, allowing for smooth communication or discussion between different speakers without interruptions. Intercultural competence serves as a tool that students need for effective intercultural communication. What does this mean? Culture or interculturality is not conveyed through gestures and facial expressions but rather through language! We are only interested in conveying and emphasizing from the outset that interculturality serves as a motivation for learning a foreign language. Furthermore, it is also confirmed that there is an inseparable connection between language and culture transmission, as language is merely considered a means of communication during a lesson.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Interkulturelle Kompetenz versetzt also der Fremdsprachler in der Lage, das fehlende Hintergrundwissen auszufüllen oder zu vervollständigen, sodass die Kommunikation oder das behandelte Thema zwischen den unterschiedlichen Sprechpartnern ohne Unterbrechungen verlaufen kann. Die interkulturelle Kompetenz ist als Werkzeug, das Schüler für eine gute interkulturelle Kommunikation brauchen. Was soll das heißen? Kultur oder Interkulturalitat wird durch Sprache vermittel nicht durch Gestik und Mimik! Uns interessiert nur das, von vornherein wollte man das überliefern und mitteilen, dass die Interkulturalität als Motiv, das zum Lernen einer Fremdsprache beiträgt. Weiterhin wird auch bestätigt, dass es ein unlösbarer Zusammenhang zwischen Sprach-und Kulturvermittlung besteht, da die Sprache nur als Kommunikationsmittel während eines Unterrichts bezeichnet ist.
الترجمة والأخلاقيات: الواقع المهني، التحديات وأفاق المستقبل
Authors: HAMDANI Yamina
Published: January 2023

Translation and Ethics: Professional Reality, Challenges, and Future Prospects

ABSTRACT: The research examines the ethical and professional aspects of translation work, particularly with regard to the official translator, and the problematic cases in which it interferes with the profession. Based on a descriptive analysis of the difficulties they face, they create opportunities in the professional field that makes the translator especially work within recognized values and principles.

الملخص: يهدف هذا البحث الى دراسة المظاهر الأخلاقية والمهنية للعمل الترجمي، وبالأخص فيما يتعلق بمهنة المترجم الترجمان الرسمي، والاشكاليات المتعلقة بالحالات التطبيقية التي تتدخل فيها الجوانب الاخلاقية للمهنة. انطلاقا من التحليل الوصفي للصعوبات التي يواجهها المترجم في مجال الترجمة، وبالتركيز على مدى استيعاب القيم الأخلاقية من بين المهنيين في المجتمع، نركز على المبادئ الخاصة بعلم الأخلاق وأهميته ودوره في تنمية العمل في المجتمع، والدي يخلق فرصا في المجال المهني تجعل المترجم خاصة يشتغل ضمن قيم ومبادئ متعارف عليها
Agreement in Arabic Grammar, Study of Loanwords
Authors: Arief Ma'nawi  , Syamsul Hadi  , Suhandano
Published: January 2023

One of the specificities of Arabic is the agreement in grammar, which includes several language units. The parts that correspond to other language units are gender, numbers, and cases. Conformity is also found in the definiteness, personal pronoun, from phrases to sentences. Deciphering the sentence from its constituent structure can show the suitability and relationship between the language units. This parsing model is equivalent to I'rāb in Arabic grammar. The model will be applied in sentences focused on loanwords. From this, it is known that loanwords try to adapt to Arabic grammar morphologically and syntactically. Agreement is not only a phonological adjustment that has been known from various linguistic researches, but also morphological and syntactical. Loanwords adjustments between units in dominant sentences include agreement in gender, amount, cases, and definition.