bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SHOULD MIDWIFERY EDUCATORS BE REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN CLINICAL PRACTICE?
Authors: Porteous Rena
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the results of a literature search on the role of clinical practice for midwifery educators. University-based midwifery education in Canada has a short history, with Ontario first admitting students in 1993, Quebec in 1999 and British Columbia in 2002. Although the move to formal, accredited programs has increased the rigour and uniformity of education, it also poses challenges to learning. One such challenge is overcoming the theory- practice gap, a challenge shared by other health disciplines. Studies from the United States, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom suggest that college and university-based midwifery and nurse educators are isolated from clinical practice and decision-making. Most lecturers surveyed in these studies viewed clinical teaching as fulfilling a requirement for clinical practice. Few were actually in clinical practice. This precipitated the perception by staff and clinical managers that midwifery and nursing educators were not clinically credible. Studies uniformly conclude that organizational structures must be created to support the practice role of health professions' educators within the educator's academic and practice positions. The concerns identified in the international literature inform issues currently faced by midwifery education programs in Canada.
STILL SUFFERING FROM THE ‘SILO EFFECT’: LINGERING CULTURAL BARRIERS TO COLLABORATIVE CARE
Authors: Lane Karen
Published: July 2024

This research project sought to draw out the contesting definitions of collaborative care among professional subgroups in maternity services. The paper contrasts medical and social models of knowledge and reports on qualitative evidence from midwives and doctors in Australian hospitals. The evidence indicates that collaborative care is welcomed by both midwives and doctors but that there remains a lingering residue of the ‘silo effect’ of the ‘old’ professionalism, characterized by hierarchical relations, divergent philosophies and competing domains. Although a ‘new professionalism’ has emerged that challenges the old hierarchies and professional dependencies, it too harbours lingering residues of the former dichotomy between midwives and obstetricians. These tensions and enmities will need to be resolved before genuine collaboration may take full effect. The objective is a relationship- focused model of care that transcends professional or woman-focused models. The ‘new’ professionalism may be expedited through mediation strategies, a version of which is the ‘sociological intervention method’ discussed in this article.1
EMPOWERMENT : A CONCEPT WELL-SUITED TO MIDWIFERY
Authors: Lafrance Josée , Mailhot Lyne
Published: July 2024

Midwives, owing to their philosophy and their approach, are inspired by the concept of empowerment during the entire perinatal period. The aim of this article is to demystify the concept of empowerment and then to analyse it in relation to midwifery, particularly during the postnatal period. In light of the analysis of the concept according to the literature, empowerment within the context of midwifery is defined as follows: starting with a relationship that is based on a partnership between the midwife, the woman and her family, empowerment is an intentional process of sharing knowledge and power, which contributes to a woman's will and ability to make choices that are in harmony with her values, while enabling her to confidently undertake the actions that ensue from her choices. The application of the concept of empowerment in the practice of midwifery emphasizes that this approach induces and incites active participation of the mother and the development of her own abilities. Furthermore, empowerment does not occur without contributions from each of the partners. A few questions are raised in regards to the application of the concept of empowerment in the framework of a midwifery practice that is expanding in the Canadian population.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AMNIOTOMY, PROVIDER TYPE AND CAESAREAN SECTION IN A UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTRE
Authors: Johnson Peter G. , Wiencek Vandy
Published: July 2024

An active management of labour protocol that includes amniotomy has been widely promoted as a means of reducing a rising Caesarean section rate. However, evidence does not consistently demonstrate the effectiveness of amniotomy in promoting vaginal birth. This study explores the relationship of amniotomy, and the time at which amniotomy is performed, with the mode of delivery in term primiparous women admitted in active labour to a university teaching hospital. The study also explores several variations in practice between faculty-supervised resident physicians, community physicians and hospital-based nurse-midwives that the authors believe may confound the study findings. Selection criteria were designed to eliminate study bias. Records of 258 women delivering between January 2000 and December 2002, that met the selection criteria, were reviewed. Findings suggest that women receiving amniotomy are more likely to deliver via Caesarean section. Results also demonstrate that women ruptured prior to three centimeters are at higher risk of Caesarean. A comparison of records of cases attended by midwives and physicians suggests several significant differences in labour management including decreased use of amniotomy and amniotomy later in labour. These differences between medical and midwifery management may provide insights into interventions leading to promotion of vaginal delivery.
Graduates' Views of the Ontario Midwifery Education Program
Authors: Kaufman Karyn , Schmuck Mary Lou , McNiven Patricia , Sharpe Mary , Soderstrom Roberta
Published: July 2024

A survey of all graduates of Ontario's Midwifery Education Program was done in 2003 in order to obtain their views about the adequacy of their preparation for professional practice, the satisfaction with program features and future educational aspirations. The respondents (123 of 181[68%] graduates) were nearly all working as midwives, most were working full time and more than half had been preceptors for students since the time of their own graduation. The most highly rated Program features were biological science courses, final year clinical courses, small group tutorials and skilled preceptors. The aspects of the Program that were most stressful were balancing the high demands of the Program with family responsibilities, relocating for clinical placements and having difficulties with preceptors. Overall, graduates felt well prepared for professional practice. All graduates reported undertaking continuing education and many were interested in master's level courses or programs. The crucial role of preceptors in students' educational experiences was reinforced by the survey results. preceptor development continue to be a high priority.
Malawian Health Care Workers’ Perceptions of Western Midwives: Towards Becoming a Welcome Guest
Authors: Adkins Bobbie , Melrose Sherri
Published: July 2024

This article discusses a qualitative research project that explored Malawian health care workers' feelings towards western trained volunteer midwives. The project was framed from a constructivist theoretical perspective and utilized a descriptive research design. Participants included midwives, patient attendants, nurses and physicians working at the Embangweni Hospital in Malawi, Africa. Fourteen individual interviews were conducted over a three-month period. The data was analyzed for themes by two researchers and confirmed with participants through ongoing member checking. The first theme was that western midwives offer important contributions to health care services in Malawi. The second theme was that western midwives' limited knowledge of Malawian culture was problematic. The third theme was that thoughtful preparation before arriving in Malawi was valued.
Do it MY Way! Midwifery Students’ Perceptions of Negative Clinical Experiences and Negative Characteristics and Practices of Clinical Preceptors
Authors: Hunter Lauren P. , Diegmann Elaine , Dyer Jane M. , Mettler Gretchen G. , Ulrich Suzan , Agan Donna L.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this paper was to describe the perceptions of midwifery students' concerning negative clinical experiences and ineffective role modeling received from clinical preceptors. Students (N=145) from accredited midwifery schools in the United States and Puerto Rico voluntarily completed a qualitative descriptive survey from a URL website. Descriptive statistics identified demographics and clinical setting characteristics. Open- ended questions gathered qualitative data about preceptor behaviours that were detrimental to student learning in the clinical setting. Content analysis of the narrative responses provided major themes that identified negative clinical preceptor characteristics and behaviours and negative clinical experiences from the student perspective.
Six areas contributed to negative experiences with preceptors from the students' perspective. These included the number of assigned preceptors; the teaching style of the preceptor; the life stress of the preceptor; lack of preceptor knowledge; and a harsh clinical environment. The most difficult aspect of negative preceptors was the insistence for the students to “do it MY way”.

Without effective preceptors much of midwifery's accumulated knowledge will be lost. By identifying negative clinical preceptor practices, improvements can be made to assist the preceptor and student in the process of learning. The negative practices represent areas where more research and interventions are needed.
The Community as Provider: Collaboration and Community Ownership in Northern Maternity Care
Authors: Tedford Gold Sara , O'Neil John , Van Wagner Vicki
Published: July 2024

Across Canada, researchers and maternity care leaders have identified a crisis in maternity care due to a shortage of skilled providers (obstetricians, family physicians, midwives). For the remote Inuit communities of Nunavut this crisis is about a lack of local maternity care and childbirth brought about by the erosion of local capacity and participation in planning and provision. These communities face difficulties recruiting, training and retaining skilled providers. They also experience a lack of consistency in providers and services within and across Aboriginal communities in Canada, and system dependence on the evacuation of women in remote communities for childbirth.
System dependence on evacuation for childbirth has effectively removed childbirth from Nunavut families and communities. Across Nunavut, efforts to return childbirth to communities have been challenged by a lack of mobilization of providers and communities, concerns about safety, and relationships between communities, providers, decision-makers, and various levels of government.
From November 2002 to December 2004, through a qualitative consultative methodology we examined current maternity care across ten Nunavut communities and their visions for change. We found that a return of childbirth to communities is thus, not simply about hiring more providers and developing local training. This return will require a rethinking of relationships between and collaboration among communities, providers, and levels of government to determine, plan and implement sustainable maternity care for remote, Inuit communities.
While collaboration is crucial to providing sustainable maternity care in remote, Inuit settings, we argue that multidisciplinary collaboration needs to be reframed to include the community. Moreover, we find that collaboration becomes all the more complex in the context of community ownership and historical relationships between traditional and non-traditional providers.
Screening in the Childbearing Year: Midwives’ Scientific Knowledge and Its Use in Decision Making
Authors: Noseworthy D.Ann , Cooper Marion
Published: July 2024

The objective of the study was to explore New Zealand midwives' perception of their knowledge of genetics and embryology and its application to their practice. The study design was based on a self-completed postal questionnaire using convenience sampling. The questionnaire was sent to independent midwifery practices and Maternity units in New Zealand, specifically focused on currently practising Registered Midwives.
The degree of perceived knowledge varied between practitioners, as does its use in practice to discuss issues with women. The majority of midwives indicated that they did not have enough knowledge specifically in genetics to discuss those issues. Most midwives gained their knowledge through formal and informal methods. The study concluded that midwives need to have available, professional development opportunities in the area of genetics and embryology in order to effectively facilitate informed choice when offering the various tests and treatments during the childbearing year.
Management of Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection for the Pregnant Woman
Authors: Paquet Caroline , Steben Marc
Published: July 2024

Given the prevalence of genital herpes simplex virus infection in childbearing women and the serious consequences of genital herpes transmission to the newborn during delivery, optimal management of genital herpes during pregnancy is justified. Prevention and health promotion, continuity of care and the participation of the woman and her partner in care are key elements for optimal management of the pregnant woman with genital herpes. Appropriate management of serodiscordant couples must include screening tests for the pregnant woman with a partner who is a HSV-2 carrier, proven diagnosis and individualized prenatal preventive measures. Optimising preventive measures should bring about a reduction of genital lesions at the time of delivery and consequently reduce the number of cases of neonatal herpes and of transfers of care from midwife to physician.
Mothers’ and Fathers’ Early Relationship With Their Infant: Similar Yet Temporally Discordant Themes
Authors: Bell Linda , St-Cyr Tribble Denise , Goulet Céline , Paul Denise , Tronick Edward Z.
Published: July 2024

Objective: To examine first-time mothers' and fathers' themes in their relationship with their infant, how these themes change during the first four months postpartum, and similarities and differences in mothers' and fathers' themes.Participants: Eighteen first-time mother-father couples were separately interviewed at one; six and 16 weeks postpartum.
Data Analysis: Audio-taped, transcribed interviews were analysed using a Grounded Theory approach.Results: Our findings reveal a common set of themes for mothers and fathers in relation to the infant : 1: Discovery,2: Physical Proximity, 3: Emotional Closeness, 4: Initiation of Complementary Interactions and 5: Commitment to Love and Care. However, there was a striking lack of concordance between mothers and fathers for these themes at each point in time.Conclusions: Mothers' and fathers' experience of the early relationship with their infant is unique. Focussing on maternal as well as paternal ways of experiencing the early relationship with their infant sets the way to understanding early developing relationships in the family context.
The Experience of Pregnancy for Women With a History of Anorexia or Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Shaffer Sara E. , Hunter Lauren P. , Anderson Gwen
Published: July 2024

Using descriptive phenomenology, we explored the experiences of women who have an eating disorder prior to, or during pregnancy. Eating disorders often go untreated during pregnancy despite an association with miscarriage, low infant birth weight, hypertension, and postpartum depression. A purposive sample of ten Caucasian women aged 18 or older, who self-reported a history of an eating disorder during a pregnancy, was interviewed. Essential textual phrases were highlighted based on van Manen's approach to thematic analysis. Most women use eating as a means to cope with a distorted body image which was established early in their lives and continued to some extent during and after pregnancy.
Five themes, emerged from the text which describe the phenomenon of eating disordered behavior: 1) a constant mental struggle to prevent loss of control, 2) a distorted body image, 3) scale-induced trauma, 4) hiding the lived experience, and5)postpartumfearandpanic. Byunderstandingthesubjectiveexperience, healthcareprovidersmaybeabletoprovide moresensitivecaretowomenwith eating disorder behaviors.
The National Midwifery Assessment Strategy: Building Bridges
Authors: Rapaport Beck Rachel , Haworth-Brockman Margaret , Martin Wendy , Kilthei Jane , Rach Diane , Erickson Janice , Klick Kelly , Kilpatrick Robin , Moise Maggy
Published: July 2024

Article.
Who Do We Serve? Role Conflict in Ontario Midwifery
Authors: Corey Julie
Published: July 2024

The integration of midwifery into the Ontario health care system has posed challenges to the role of the midwife. The pressure to maintain hospital privileges and the fear of litigation can place midwives in opposition to their role of advocate and support for childbearning women. Additionally, collaborative maternity care models may also create conflicting demands on midwives. Midwives can experience these challenges as role conflict which can have a detrimental effect on midwifery care and lead to work stress and attrition in the profession. Open dialogue, further research, education, consumer involvement and improved interdisciplinary communication are among the strategies that could be used to better understand and address role conflict amongst midwives.
Teaching Skills for Cultural Competence: Are Midwives Prepared for Practice?
Authors: Malott Anne M.
Published: July 2024

Midwives are becoming increasingly available to women of all cultural and socioeconomic groups. Understanding the impact of socioeconomic and cultural issues on women’s health is critically important in providing comprehensive care to women. If prepared, midwives have an opportunity to provide individualized, culturally sensitive care. A pubmed search on cultural competence in midwifery care revealed much about cultural competence in women’s health and nursing, but little about educating midwives. A subsequent Google scholar search on obstetrical care was helpful in identifying desired skills and behaviours among practitioners as well as how to teach such skills to learners. This paper addresses the skills necessary for providing culturally competent midwifery care and describes how these skills are presently taught in the Ontario Midwifery Education Program. Recommendations for further development and evaluation of culturally competent maternity care are provided.
Pro-choice or No-choice? Midwifery Led Abortion Care in Canada
Authors: Patten Noël
Published: July 2024

Commentary.
RURAL MIDWIFERY: OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO PRACTICE
Authors: Kornelson Jude
Published: July 2024

Access to the delivery of health services, including midwifery, is a challenge for rural parturient women due, in part, to the closure of practices and centralization of health care services The Centre for Rural Health Research and the Midwives' Association of British Columbia (MABC) Rural Midwifery Committee convened a meeting in June 2008 consisting of researchers and rural midwives with the objective of clearly identifying barriers to practice. Barriers and potential solutions to the sustainability of rural midwifery arose from the discussion. The article divides the barriers into six themes: professional and social barriers, health service delivery challenges, education challenges, integration issues, inadequate models of remuneration for care in rural environments, and geographic barriers to practice. Potential solutions and recommendations are explored in order to reduce or eliminate barriers to access and move towards a sustainable future for rural midwifery.
Maternity Nurses and Midwives in a British Columbia Rural Community: Evolving Relationships
Authors: Bell Ilene
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamics and evolution of inter-professional relationships between registered midwives and nurses in a rural community where midwifery has become well established over twelve years. Interviews explored the responses of maternity nurses, a nurse manager, and a public health nurse to the integration of midwives in a rural hospital in south east British Columbia. Factors which helped to bring resolution to early concerns were discussed, along with evolving understandings of roles and responsibilities. Participants reflected on the impact of midwifery on job satisfaction and on the character of the maternity unit. Initial concerns following integration included competence and liability, the history of unregistered midwifery in the community, and the loss of job satisfaction for nurses who had a diminished role in the care of labouring women. Nursing shortages and workload issues created some appreciation of the extra help provided by midwives, but also caused some inter-professional tensions. Although close and functional professional relationships developed, significant grey areas remain in the definition of shared roles and responsibilities with midwives.
Environmental Chemical Exposure Research and Characteristics of Study Subjects Recruited from Midwifery vs. Hospital Based Clinics
Authors: Wright Deslyn , Gregorovich Sandra , Hamilton Suzanne , Lukas Pamela , Foster Warren G.
Published: July 2024

Exposure to environmental contaminants during pregnancy is thought to play a role in the reported increase in developmental abnormalities of the male reproductive tract and rise in the rates in testicular cancer among young men as well as increasing prevalence of allergy, asthma, obesity, and diabetes in the general population. Traditional epidemiological studies have recruited pregnant women from hospital clinics, delivery wards or physician offices. Recruitment of expectant mothers from midwifery clinics is being employed in ongoing studies and comparison of study subject characteristics suggests that there are no important differences in the socio- economic indicators. Hence we suggest that midwives have an important role to play in future epidemiological studies designed to determine the health consequences of exposure to environmental contaminants.
Asthma Management and Prevention in Pregnancy, Labour and Birth
Authors: Saunders Carolyn Amanda
Published: July 2024

Asthma is one of the most common medical disorders among pregnant women and the prevalence of asthma has been increasing due to rising obesity rates and an increase in urban pollutants. Numerous physiological, lifestyle and environmental factors influence the course of asthma in pregnancy. Management of asthma in pregnancy includes education, monitoring and treatment. Under-treated or poorly controlled asthma poses the biggest risk to mother and baby. Midwives in particular have a role to play in asthma prevention by educating women about the importance of the links between medication, maternal nutrition in pregnancy and the potential risk of future asthma in the child.
Prevention is the Only Cure: Health Effects of the Uranium Cycle on Women, Fetuses and Children
Authors: Howlett Susan
Published: July 2024

There are many sources of potential contamination throughout the uranium cycle, which can affect the health of families for generations to come. Children and fetuses are especially vulnerable due to rapid cell division during physical growth. This is documented internationally through outcomes such as increased incidence in spontaneousabortions,childhoodleukemiaandotherchildhoodcancers. Researchonthistopicaroseoutofa local concern in eastern Ontario due to proposed uranium mines at the watershed of major rivers, which may pose arisktomidwiferyclients wholiveneartailingponds,incommunitieswhorelyontheriversfortheirsourceof water, or who work in reprocessing and nuclear power plants. As Canada is the world's largest producer and exporter of uranium, the health impacts extend to the most recent use of depleted uranium in weapons abroad. As primary health practitioners, midwives can play a role in promoting public health through becoming better informed, and supporting local and international initiatives which address the threat posed to human and environmental health by the uranium cycle.
Landscape sensitivity assessment within spatial development scenarios. Latvia case study
Authors: Stokmane Ilze , Bell Simon , Ziemeļniece Aija , Skujāne Daiga , Nitavska Natalija , Īle Una , Vugule Kristīne , Markova Madara , Lāčauniece Iveta , Spage Aiga
Published: July 2024

European countries have different experience in landscape characterisation and assessment. Comparing the different approaches used in different European countries, it is proposed to use the method developed and validated in the United Kingdom - Landscape Character Assessment, adapted and modified for the Latvian situation. This approach has also been used in most other European countries, which have chosen to use the UK approach to landscape characterisation, adapting it to their specific national situation. The need for a landscape assessment in Latvia is highlighted in the Latvian Landscape Policy Guidelines 2013-2019 and Latvian Landscape Policy Implementation Plan 2024-2027, taking into account the actions set out in the European Landscape Convention to be taken by all Parties to the Convention. The purpose of the research was to carry out the analysis of Latvian landscape sensitivity within spatial planning scenarios important for local municipalities. It is of high importance to assess landscape sensitivity for changes of build and natural environment influencing pace and scale of development of the rural areas of Latvia. As local municipalities set different goals for their spatial development, common spatial development scenarios were chosen to make analysis of landscape sensitivity in Latvian landscapes. Results from the analysis of landscape sensitivity show variation of suitable actions to be implemented if different places in Latvia. The results also can be used for defining landscape quality goals to harmonise scope of activities to be implemented by local municipalities of Latvia.
Högre utbildning ser ljust på framtiden!
Authors: Sonesson Anders , Henriksson Ann-Sofie
Published: July 2024

Läs ledaren till det andra numret av Högre utbildning. Tidskriften är nu periodisk!
Mot ett okänt mål: Humanistisk forskarhandledning och doktoranders deltagande i forskningsdebatten
Authors: Hägerland Tobias
Published: July 2024

Enligt Högskoleförordningen skall den som avlägger doktorsexamen kunna uppvisa en färdighet att i både tal och skrift delta i nationell och internationell forskningsdebatt. I denna artikel uppmärksammas några av de särskilda utmaningar som denna inriktning ställer forskarhandledare i humaniora och teologi inför. Intervjuer med tre rutinerade handledare redovisas och analyseras. Det framkommer att styrdokumentens formuleringar i mycket liten grad påverkar den konkreta utformningen av forskarutbildning och handledarskap, samt att handledarnas principiella inställning till doktoranders insocialisering i olika forskningssammanhang uppvisar stor variation. Där hållningen är avvaktande eller avvisande kan den i hög grad härledas till en upplevd konflikt mellan olika aspekter av utbildningen och handledarskapet. Ett antal förekommande eller tänkbara strategier för att uppnå examensordningens mål diskuteras också i artikeln.
Populärvetenskapligt skrivande vidgar perspektivet och ökar förståelsen
Authors: Pelger Susanne
Published: July 2024

The capacity to explain subject matter to a non-specialist audience is one of the highest valued generic skills among science alumni of Lund University. Despite this fact, popular science communication is only poorly practiced during the undergraduate studies. In an earlier study we analysed the quality of popular science papers written by degree project students of biology. Our major observation was that most students had difficulties in changing perspectives, and in arguing the importance and relevance of their findings. In the project report we discussed the potential of popular science writing as a didactic tool. This is the main issue of the present article, which focuses on students’ own experiences of writing for the general public.Through a web-based questionnaire 64 biology students have described what contribution the popular writing on their degree project has had to their learning. A vast majority expressed that the writing helped them change perspectives and see their discipline and project in a different light. Many of the students described that the popular science writing made it easier for them to see the bigger picture, to better understand the aim of their own work, and to realize what implications their results might have in the future. The students were also asked whether the popular science writing contributed to their understanding of the discipline. Even though less students were able to describe such a relationship, their answers altogether support the idea that the genre contributes to their understanding as well. My concluding remark is therefore that popular science writing is a useful tool for reflection, and that it would add significant value to the students’ capacity of changing perspectives, and accordingly to a deeper understanding of the discipline in a broad sense.
Conflict Management in Student Groups – a Teacher’s Perspective in Higher Education
Authors: Borg Markus , Kembro Joakim , Notander Jesper , Petersson Catarina , Ohlsson Lars
Published: July 2024

Students working in groups is a commonly used method of instruction in higher education, popularized by the introduction of problem based learning. As a result, management of small groups of people has become an important skill for teachers. The objective of our study is to investigate why conflicts arise in student groups at the Faculty of Engineering at Lund University and how teachers manage them. We have conducted an exploratory interdepartmental interview study on teachers' views on this matter, interviewing ten university teachers with different levels of seniority. Our results show that conflicts frequently arise in group work, most commonly caused by different levels of ambition among students. We also found that teachers prefer to work proactively against conflicts and stress the student’s responsibility. Finally, we show that teachers at our faculty tend to avoid the more drastic conflict resolution strategies suggested by previous research. The outcome of our study could be used as input to future guidelines on conflict management in student groups.
Uniform Evaluation of Clinical Teaching – an instrument for specific feedback and cross comparison between Departments
Authors: Kihlberg Pernilla , Perzon Mattias , Gedeborg Rolf , Blomqvist Per , Johansson Jakob
Published: July 2024

The quality of clinical teaching in Swedish medical schools has recently been questioned by student representatives at the medical schools in Sweden. The clinical teaching at Uppsala University Medical School has previously only been sparsely evaluated and with varying instruments. Our aim was to develop a simple assessment instrument and implement it uniformly, enabling cross comparisons between different departments. Further we wanted to investigate students’ response rate and analyze their response pattern.A questionnaire inspired by a concept from Stanford University was created and introduced at hospital departments performing clinical teaching of medical students. Ten questions reflecting different aspects of clinical teaching were used. The outcome was used for specific feedback to the clinical teachers, cross comparison and official ranking of the departments.The evaluation instrument has been successfully developed and uniformly implemented throughout the departments of the hospital. The students have with a relatively high response rate graded the items with a great deal of variation between and within the clinical rotations. Altogether, this has provided specific feedback to the clinical teachers and enabled cross comparison between departments. Our belief is that the instrument also applies to other educations involving supervision.
Att belägga, bedöma och belöna pedagogisk skicklighet
Authors: Rönnbäck Brit
Published: July 2024

Brit Rönnbäck recenserar rapporten:Att belägga, bedöma och belöna pedagogisk skicklig­het, av Åsa Ryegård, Karin Apelgren & Thomas Olsson (redaktörer)
Framväxten av den pedagogiska utbildningen för universitetets lärare. Berättelser ur ett lundaperspektiv
Authors: Giertz Birgitta
Published: July 2024

Birgitta Giertz recenserar:Framväxten av den pedagogiska utbildningen för universitetets lärare. Berättelser ur ett lundaperspektiv, av Eva Åkesson & Eva Falk Nilsson
Being and becoming a teacher in medical education
Authors: Strand Pia
Published: July 2024

Pia Strand recenserar:Being and becoming a teacher in medical education, av Terese Stenfors-Hayes (doktorsavhandling, 2011)
Mer om nätbaserad utbildning – fördjupning och exempel
Authors: Ljungqvist Marita
Published: July 2024

Marita Ljungqvist recenserar: Mer om nätbaserad utbildning - fördjupning och exempel, av Stefan Hrastinski (redaktör)
En ny vetenskaplig tidskrift om och för högre utbildning
Authors: Sonesson Anders , Henriksson Ann-Sofie
Published: July 2024

Den 21 juni 2011 tryckte Högre utbildnings redaktion på publiceringsknappen och därigenom har nu det första numret av tidskriften sett dagens ljus. Läs här vår första ledare.
Reell kompetens som resurs i högre utbildning?
Authors: Andersson Per , Danielsson Mattias
Published: July 2024

Studenters reella kompetens kan ligga till grund för tillgodoräknanden i högre utbildning, men har även betydelse för den pedagogiska processen i en utbildning. Här diskuteras hur den reella kompetensen kan ses som en resurs i dessa båda avseenden. Begreppen reell kompetens och lärande behandlas, liksom relationen mellan erfarenheter, lärande och erkännande av den reella kompetens som tidigare lärande lett till. Erkännandet kan ske genom validering och formella tillgodoräknanden, men också genom att den reella kompetensen tas tillvara och underlättar studentens lärprocess under utbildningens gång.Students' "real" or actual competence can be the basis for credits and exemptions in higher education, but is also important in relation to the educational process. Here, real/actual competence as a resource is discussed in both these aspects. The concepts real/actual competence and learning are discussed, as well as the relation between experiences, learning and recognition of competence based on prior learning. Recognition could take place through formal "validation" where credits are assigned, but also when it is taken account of and makes the learning process in a course/programme easier.
Komplexitet för kvalitet i lärande och undervisning: bedömning av komplexa problem och studenters resonemang
Authors: Kjellström Sofia , Stålne Kristian
Published: July 2024

Vi utbildar studenter för att de ska ha möjlighet att lösa mycket komplexa samhällsproblem,men hur vet vi att de har utvecklat de former av tänkande och handlande som krävs? Forskning visar att vuxna tänker, talar och handlar utifrån olika nivåer av komplexitet, och att utbildning i hög grad påverkar människors förmågor. Model of Hierarchical Complexity(MHC) är en teori som beskriver hur komplext information sätts samman och hur komplext personer resonerar i en fråga, vanligtvis på någon av nivåerna konkret, abstrakt, formellt, systematiskt eller metasystematisk. Syftet med denna artikel är att introducera MHC och visa på dess relevans som verktyg inom högre utbildning. Med hjälp av teorin är det möjligt att analysera både hur komplex en uppgift är och hur studenter klarar av att lösa den, vilket speglar förståelse inom ett ämne. Med modellen som mått på komplexitet tydliggörs svårighetsgraden i det som ska läras och på vilken nivå studenterna klarar att ta till sig kunskapsinnehållet. Avslutningsvis diskuteras hur studenter kan stödjas att utvecklasina förmågor till komplext resonerande och därmed skapa kvalitet i både lärande och undervisningOne of the aims of higher education is to teach students to solve complex problems, but what is the complexity of problems and the reasoning of students? The Model of Hierarchical Complexity (MHC) is a theory applicable to all domains in which information is organized and accounts for increases in behavioral complexity which includes cognitive or reasoning complexity. The paper is a theoretical introduction to MHC as a tool for teaching in higher education. The model clarifies and shows the gap between the complexity in the subject and the students understanding of the same subject. We also discuss how to support the development of more complex reasoning in students.
Introduktion till universitetsstudier – ett sätt att behålla fler studenter
Authors: Andersson Chronholm Jannika , Andersson Staffan
Published: July 2024

Vid Uppsala universitets basårsutbildning infördes en introduktionskurs höstterminen 2008 med mål att få fler studenter att stanna kvar på utbildningen. Kursen planerades utifrån forskning om studenters studiebanor och framgång. Andelen studenter som fortsatt vidare till utbildningens andra termin har ökat betydligt bland studenter som valt att läsa kursen. Förhoppningsvis kan kursen och tankarna bakom den inspirera till liknande initiativ på andra utbildningar.
Examinerar vi närvaro eller kunskap – det är frågan?
Authors: Hegender Henrik
Published: July 2024

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En tidskrift med bredd
Authors: Sonesson Anders , Henriksson Ann-Sofie
Published: July 2024

Ledare nr 2 2012
Handledning av examensarbeten som lärande i the zone of proximal development
Authors: Ekholm David
Published: July 2024

Handledning av examensarbete på socionomprogrammet omgärdas av vissa riktlinjer och av pedagogisk grundsyn. Riktlinjer och pedagogisk grundsyn betonar å ena sidan kommunikativt lärande och samarbetsträning och å andra sidan självständighet och elevaktivitet. Artikeln pekar utifrån en betraktelse av teorin om the zone of proximal development på hur dessa olika fokus kan förstås som av nödvändighet beroende av varandra och som olika delar av samma lärandeprocess: ett överskridande mellan lärande som mellanmänsklig och som självständig aktivitet. Förhållandet mellan lärande som interpsykologisk process och som intrapsykologisk process är här centralt. Vidare diskuterar artikeln detta i förhållande till samspelet mellan handledare och student och problematiserar handledarens roll i konstruktionen av studentens självständighet.
Kritisk, självständig och nyttig. Mål och praktik i forskarhandledning
Authors: Lundqvist Åsa , Benner Mats
Published: July 2024

Regleringen av svensk forskarutbildning handlar i hög utsträckning om forskningens villkor. Samtidigt har kraven om samverkan med samhället i övrigt, den så kallade ”tredje uppgiften”, fått en alltmer framträdande roll för all forskande personal, därmed också för doktorander. Till detta har också kravet om att forskningsresultaten ska nyttiggöras fogats. Emellertid tycks det ändå som om de institutionaliserade förväntningarna på forskarutbildningen framförallt handlar om vetenskaplig skolning. Högskolelagen ger ingen klarhet i hur den ”tredje uppgiften” skall praktiseras, bara att samverkan skall ske. I den här artikeln studeras vilka praktiska konsekvenser denna reglering har för forskarutbildningens mål och genomförande. Analysen utgår från en fallstudie av samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten vid Lunds universitet där prefekter och forskarutbildningsansvariga svarat på frågor om hur regelverken tolkas och efterlevs. Två distinkta teman kan urskiljas i svaren. I det första, handledarskapet som en kollektiv angelägenhet, framhålls vikten av att handledning och lärandemål måste ses som en kollektiv handling samtidigt som denna hållning synliggör svårigheterna att uppnå målen. I det andra temat diskuteras det mångbottnade begreppet nytta, där diskussionerna med all tydlighet visar att nyttobegreppet rymmer många, heterogena och emellanåt motsägelsefulla betydelser.
Ökad kontakttid med ämnet – exempel från språkutbildning
Authors: Johansson Ingela
Published: July 2024

Under lång tid har såväl studenter som lärare inom humaniora önskat och krävt mer lärarledd undervisningstid. Även jag är övertygad om att mer lärarledd tid skulle öka kvaliteten i våra högskoleutbildningar i språk. I väntan på mer lärarledd tid vill jag emellertid diskutera hur man som lärare kan hjälpa studenterna att utnyttja självstudietiden på ett så effektivt sätt som möjligt med ett minimum av lärarresurser, för att på så sätt öka kontakttiden med ämnet. Denna diskussion tar sin utgångspunkt i pedagogisk forskning, erfarenhetsutbyte med kolleger, samt i en mindre undersökning som jag genomfört med studenter på grundkursen i spanska (A-nivån) vid Språk- och litteraturcentrum i Lund, och den mynnar ut i några förslag på arbetssätt som jag prövat och som kan hjälpa studenterna att effektivisera sina språkstudier.
Våga veta! Om bildningens möjligheter i massutbildningens tidevarv
Authors: Christie Michael
Published: July 2024

Michael Christie recenserar:Våga veta! Om bildningens möjligheter i massutbildningens tidevarv, av Anders Burmans (redaktör), Södertörns högskola
Könsmedveten forskarhandledning – teoretiska utgångspunkter och praktiska erfarenheter
Authors: Andersson Staffan
Published: July 2024

Staffan Andersson recenserar:Könsmedveten forskarhandledning - teoretiska utgångspunkter och praktiska erfarenheter av Ulrike Schnaas, Avdelningen för universitetspedagogisk utveckling, Rapport nr 11, Uppsala universitet, ISSN 1652-084X.
Är marknadsanpassad forskningsanknytning möjlig? Professionsutbildningar möter akademins nya krav
Authors: Ideland Malin , Malmberg Claes , Ek Anne-Charlotte , Jönsson Sandra
Published: July 2024

Högre utbildning drar tillbaka artikeln ”Är marknadsanpassad forskningsanknytning möjlig? Professionsutbildningar möter akademins nya krav”Redaktionen för Högre utbildning har beslutat att dra tillbaka artikeln ”Är marknadsanpassad forskningsanknytning möjlig? Professionsutbildningar möter akademins nya krav” författad av Malin Ideland, Claes Malmberg, Anne-Charlotte Ek & Sandra Jönsson och publicerad i Högre utbildning nr 2, 2012, på grund av dubbelpublicering. Artikeln är en svensk version av artikeln ”The tension between marketisation and academisation in higher education” författad av Anne-Charlotte Ek, Malin Ideland, Sandra Jönsson & Claes Malmberg och publicerad online i Studies in Higher Education den 2011-10-24. Artikeln inkom till Högre utbildning den 2011-11-07 utan hänvisning från författarna till den tidigare publiceringen eller tillstånd från Studies in Higher Education för återpublicering. Högre utbildning har därför granskat och slutligen publicerat artikeln i god tro.Dubbelpublicering utan hänvisning till tidigare publicering är forskningsetiskt olämpligt och i det aktuella fallet bryter det även mot upphovsrätten. Författarna har bett redaktionen att framföra en ursäkt för det inträffade. Avsikten har varit att i ett svenskt sammanhang diskutera en för svensk högre utbildning relevant fråga. Författarna anger dålig kunskap om dubbelpublicering på olika språk och slarv med att läsa Högre utbildnings publiceringsregler som orsak till det inträffade. Redaktionen och författarna är överens om att dra tillbaka artikeln. Författarna har informerat berörda parter vid det egna lärosätet och tagit bort artikeln från den lokala databasen.Redaktionen för Högre utbildning: Anders Sonesson, Maja Elmgren, Mona Fjellström, Lars Geschwind, Maria LarssonAbstractAktuella förändringar av högre utbildning i Sverige kan karaktäriseras av två diskurser: marknadifiering och akademisering. Krav att möta marknadskrafter, likväl som att göra utbildningen mer vetenskaplig, har skapat en spänning mellan och inom institutionskulturer. Genom intervjuer med 16 prefekter undersöker författarna hur spänningen mellan marknadifiering och akademisering hanterades av prefekter på disciplin- respektive professionsorienterade institutioner.För prefekter på disciplinorienterade institutionerna var marknadifieringen ett hot mot universitetets varumärke, eftersom den utmanade den akademiska autonomin. På professionsorienterade institutioner uppfattades, å andra sidan, akademiseringen som en komplex fråga att hantera, då fokus ändras från praktiska färdigheter till akademisk meritokrati. Studiens resultat understryker att det är svårt att diskutera en högskola i förändring utan att överväga att betingelserna skiljer sig väsentligt mellan institutioner. För att möta förändring av högskolan behövs kulturellt inkännande strategier, snarare än lösningar som innebär att ”one size fits all”.
Högre utbildnings andra utgivningsår inleds här
Authors: Henriksson Ann-Sofie , Sonesson Anders
Published: July 2024

Ledare nr 1 2012
Att organisera för musiklärares professionella utveckling – om identitetsformation och olika praxisgemenskaper
Authors: Ferm Thorgersen Cecilia
Published: July 2024

In 2007 the Swedish government decided to put resources in a project that offered active teachers to develop disciplinary and pedagogical competence through doctoral studies. Among ten others the Royal College of Music in Stockholm succeeded with their application and got the chance to educate 10 music teachers from the compulsory school towards a “half” PhD exam, that is called a Licentiate exam in Sweden. The teachers come from all of Sweden and are registered at one of five participating higher music education institutions. At the same time they work for 20 % in their ordinary schools. The common education is organized as courses and in virtual meeting rooms of different kinds. The motive for that is that the teachers are participating in several communities of practice at the same time, aiming to develop as researching practicing teachers in a broad way. In a developing research project the growing of the teachers – eg identity development and professional learning - is followed, guided by the following questions: What becomes the task for higher education when the teachers are taking part in a PhD education at the same time as they work, and are expected to go back to their ordinary work in schools? How can a research school be organized in as a developing learning system where individual experiences have possibility to be shared by others? What are the possibilities for good learning and identity development, and which are the challenges? How can learning trajectories between the research school, the research communities and the everyday practice seen as communities of practice, be encouraged? What authentic questions are engaging the teachers and how do they develop in the social interplay? The methods used are teachers’ continually encouraged written reflections and documented group discussions.
I betraktarens ögon – Betydelsen av kön och ålder för studenters läraromdömen
Authors: Karlsson Martin , Lundberg Erik
Published: July 2024

Under senare år har studenters läraromdömen allt mer hamnat i fokus inom skola såväl som högre utbildning. Parallellt med dessa utvecklingar har olika typer av internettjänster genom vilka studenter kan betygsätta sina lärare dykt upp i flera länder. I Sverige lanserades 2008 tjänsten ”Studenter tycker till” (STT) där studenter kan registrera sig och fylla i bedömningar av lärare enligt kriterierna utlärningsförmåga, kunskap, engagemang och lärandestöd. I denna studie undersöks betydelsen av lärarens kön och ålder för studenters läraromdömen genom en kvantitativ analys av omdömen av 98 högskole- och universitetslärare som givits på hemsidan STT. Syftet är att synliggöra hur sociala markörer, i detta fall om läraren är man eller kvinna, ung eller gammal, spelar en stor roll för hur en lärare utvärderas. Resultaten visar att kvinnor och unga lärare systematiskt ges lägre betyg av studenter, än män och äldre lärare. Studenter är således inte könsblinda eller oberoende av föreställningar om förhållandet mellan ålder och kompetens i sina bedömningar. Studien aktualiserar betydelsen av sociala markörer så som kön och ålder måste synliggöras och tas i beaktning när studenters utvärderingar av lärare och kurser behandlas inom högre utbildning.