bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Closing of a right ventricle perforation with a vascular closure device
Authors: Petrov Ivo , Dimitrov Christo
Published: January 2009

Vascular closure devices are a proven alternative to pure mechanical femoral compression after endovascular procedures. Their off‐label use is uncommon and is usually restricted for atypical vascular sites—subclavian arteries and even descending aorta. We report for the first time a case of a successful percutaneous closure of a perforated right ventricle, using the Angio Seal femoral closure device. This was done after an attempt for pericardiocentesis in a high risk patient with carcinoma and cardiac tamponade, which was complicated with perforation of the right ventricle. The closure device successfully stopped the bleeding in the pericardium and spared the patient the need of open surgery and general anesthesia. A successful pericardial drainage was performed after this, and the patient was discharged with clinical improvement. Our literature review did not find descriptions of similar application of a vascular closure device. Our opinion is that such approach is effective and safe and may be used in some extreme and critical situations and in patients at high surgical risk. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An in vitro model system for cytoskeletal confinement
Authors: Köster Sarah , Pfohl Thomas
Published: January 2009

The motility, shape, and functionality of the cell depend sensitively on cytoskeletal mechanics which in turn is governed by the properties of filamentous proteins ‐ mainly actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These biopolymers are confined in the dense cytoplasm and therefore experience strong geometric constraints on their equilibrium thermal fluctuations. To obtain a better understanding of the influence of confinement on cytoskeletal filaments we study the thermal fluctuations of individual actin filaments in a microfluidic in vitro system by fluorescence microscopy and determine the persistence length of the filaments by analyzing the radial distribution function. A unique feature of this method is that we obtain the persistence length without detailed knowledge of the complete contour of the filament which makes the technique applicable to a broad range of biological polymers, including those with a persistence length smaller than the optical resolution. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microtubule‐dependent motility and orientation of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum in elongating characean internodal cells
Authors: Foissner Ilse , Menzel Diedrik , Wasteneys Geoffrey O.
Published: January 2009

Motility of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is predominantly microtubule‐ dependent in animal cells but thought to be entirely actomyosin‐dependent in plant cells. Using live cell imaging and transmission electron microscopy to examine ER motility and structural organization in giant internodal cells of characean algae, we discovered that at the onset of cell elongation, the cortical ER situated near the plasma membrane formed a tight meshwork of predominantly transverse ER tubules that frequently coaligned with microtubules. Microtubule depolymerization increased mesh size and decreased the dynamics of the cortical ER. In contrast, perturbing the cortical actin array with cytochalasins did not affect the transverse orientation but decreased mesh size and increased ER dynamics. Our data suggest that myosin‐dependent ER motility is confined to the ER strands in the streaming endoplasm, while the more sedate cortical ER uses microtubule‐based mechanisms for organization and motility during early stages of cell elongation. We show further that the ER has an inherent, NEM‐sensitive dynamics which can be altered via interaction with the cytoskeleton and that tubule formation and fusion events are cytoskeleton‐independent. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Synthesis and in vivo Evaluation of 2′,2′‐Difluoro KRN7000
Authors: Leung Leo , Tomassi Cyrille , Van Beneden Katrien , Decruy Tine , Trappeniers Matthias , Elewaut Dirk , Gao Yifang , Elliott Tim , Al‐Shamkhani Aymen , Ottensmeier Christian , Werner Jörn M. , Williams Anthony , Van Calenbergh Serge , Linclau Bruno
Published: January 2009

The synthesis of 2′,2′‐difluoro KRN7000 is described. In vivo evaluation demonstrates that this fluorinated glycolipid induces CD1d‐dependent TCR activation of NKT cells, with a bias towards Th2 cytokine production.

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Internalization of annexin A5‐functionalized iron oxide particles by apoptotic Jurkat cells
Authors: van Tilborg Geralda A. F. , Geelen Tessa , Duimel Hans , Bomans Paul H. H. , Frederik Peter M. , Sanders Honorius M. H. F. , Deckers Niko M. , Deckers Roel , Reutelingsperger Chris P. M. , Strijkers Gustav J. , Nicolay Klaas
Published: January 2009

Apoptosis plays an important role in the etiology of various diseases. Several studies have reported on the use of annexin A5‐functionalized iron oxide particles for the detection of apoptosis with MRI, both in vitro and in vivo. The protein annexin A5 binds with high affinity to the phospholipid phosphatidylserine, which is exposed in the outer leaflet of the apoptotic cell membrane. When co‐exposed to apoptotic stimuli, this protein was shown to internalize into endocytic vesicles. Therefore in the present study we investigated the possible internalization of commercially available annexin A5‐functionalized iron oxide particles (r1 = 34.0 ± 2.1 and r2 = 205.0 ± 10.4 mm−1 s−1 at 20 MHz), and the effects of their spatial distribution on relaxation rates R, R2 and R1. Two different incubation procedures were performed, where (1) Jurkat cells were either incubated with the contrast agent after induction of apoptosis or (2) Jurkat cells were simultaneously incubated with the apoptotic stimulus and the contrast agent. Transmission electron microscopy images and relaxation rates showed that the first incubation strategy mainly resulted in binding of the annexin A5‐iron oxide particles to the cell membrane, whereas the second procedure allowed extensive membrane‐association as well as a small amount of internalization. Owing to the small extent of internalization, only minor differences were observed between the ΔR/ΔR2 and ΔR2/ΔR1 ratios of cell pellets with membrane‐associated or internalized annexin A5 particles. Only the increase in R1 (ΔR1) appeared to be diminished by the internalization. Internalization of annexin A5‐iron oxide particles is also expected to occur in vivo, where the apoptotic stimulus and the contrast agent are simultaneously present. Where the extent of internalization in vivo is similar to that observed in the present study, both T2‐ and T‐weighted MR sequences are considered suitable for the detection of these particles in vivo. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solving the fractional order Bloch equation
Authors: Magin Richard , Feng Xu , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: January 2009

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon widely used in chemistry, medicine, and engineering to study complex materials. NMR is governed by the Bloch equation, which relates a macroscopic model of magnetization to applied radiofrequency, gradient and static magnetic fields. Simple models of materials are well described by the classical first order dynamics of precession and relaxation inherent in the vector form of the Bloch equation. Fractional order generalization of the Bloch equation presents an opportunity to extend its use to describe a wider range of experimental situations involving heterogeneous, porous, or composite materials. Here we describe the generalization of the Bloch equation in terms of Caputo fractional derivatives of order α (0 < α < 1) for a single spin system in a static magnetic field at resonance. The results are expressed in terms of the Mittag–Leffler function—a generalized exponential function that converges to the classical case when α = 1. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 34A: 16–23, 2009.
Dynamic expression of the Slit‐Robo GTPase activating protein genes during development of the murine nervous system
Authors: Bacon Claire , Endris Volker , Rappold Gudrun
Published: January 2009

We investigated the expression of the three known Slit‐Robo GTPase activating protein (srGAP) genes in the developing murine nervous system using in situ hybridization. The three genes are expressed during embryonic and early postnatal development in the murine nervous system, showing a distinct pattern of expression in the olfactory system, the eye, forebrain and midbrain structures, the cerebellum, the spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglia, which we discuss in relation to Slit‐Robo expression patterns and signaling pathways. We also report srGAP2 expression in zones of neuronal differentiation and srGAP3 in ventricular zones of neurogenesis in many different tissues of the central nervous system (CNS). Compared to srGAP2 and srGAP3, the onset of srGAP1 expression is later in most CNS tissues. We propose that these differences in expression point to functional differences between these three genes in the development of neural tissues. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:224–236, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axotomy alters alternative splicing of choline acetyltransferase in the rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve
Authors: Saito Atsushi , Sato Takashi , Okano Hiroyuki , Toyoda Ken‐Ichiro , Bamba Hitoshi , Kimura Shin , Bellier Jean‐Pierre , Matsuo Akinori , Kimura Hiroshi , Hisa Yasuo , Tooyama Ikuo
Published: January 2009

Choline acetyltransferase of the peripheral type (pChAT) is a splice variant that lacks exons 6–9 of the common‐type ChAT (cChAT); the role of pChAT remains unknown. We investigated the expression of pChAT and cChAT after axotomy to try to elucidate its function. In the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMNV), nucleus ambiguus (NA), and hypoglossal nucleus (HN) of control rats, we observed neural expression of cChAT but no pChAT‐positive neurons. Following nerve transection, we clearly detected pChAT‐labeled neurons in the DMNV and weakly labeled neurons in the NA, but pChAT was not seen in the HN. In the DMNV, the mean number of cChAT‐positive neurons decreased rapidly to 40.5% of control at 3 days post transection, and to 5.0% of control after 7 days. The number of cChAT‐positive neurons then gradually increased and reached a plateau of about 25% of control value at 28 days post transection. pChAT‐positive neurons did not appear until 7 days after transection. On the same day, pChAT mRNA was detected in the DMNV neurons by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) by using laser capture microdissection. The number of pChAT‐positive neurons gradually decreased, and only 10% of the cholinergic neurons retained pChAT expression 56 days post transection. Double‐immunofluorescence analysis showed that some of the DMNV neurons expressed both cChAT and pChAT upon recovery from axotomy. These results suggest that the expression of pChAT is associated with the regenerative or degenerative processes of motoneurons especially for general visceral efferents. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:237–248, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanostructured Vanadium Oxide Model Catalysts for Selective Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Hess Christian
Published: January 2009

Controlled synthesis based on spectroscopic characterization, structure, and catalytic performance of mesoporous silica SBA‐15‐supported vanadium oxide model catalysts (see TEM image) are reviewed. The effect of water on the structure and dispersion of highly dispersed vanadium oxide is discussed in the light of recent results in multiple in situ spectroscopy.

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Characterization of the synthesis, structure, and catalytic performance of vanadium oxide catalysts supported on mesoporous silica SBA‐15 for selective oxidation reactions are reviewed. Controlled synthesis on the basis of surface functionalization and ion exchange allows homogeneous deposition of vanadium oxide within the pores of SBA‐15. Catalytic tests on the selective oxidation of methanol and propane demonstrate the full catalytic function of these model powder catalysts. Characterization of the dehydrated state by vibrational spectroscopy provides insight into the structure of SBA‐15‐supported vanadium oxide at low loadings. The effect of water on the structure and dispersion of highly dispersed vanadium oxide is discussed in light of recent results from multiple in situ spectroscopy.
A study of multicast congestion control for UMTS
Authors: Alexiou Antonios , Bouras Christos , Papazois Andreas
Published: January 2009

In this paper, we study the applicability of multicast congestion control over universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) networks. We analyze two well‐known multicast congestion control schemes for fixed networks, namely TCP‐friendly multicast congestion control and pragmatic general multicast congestion control. We investigate their behavior when they are employed in UMTS networks and we analyze the problems arose when these mechanisms are applied over the wireless links of the UMTS terrestrial radio‐access network. Additionally, we propose necessary improvements to these legacy schemes and explain the necessity of these modifications. The proposed schemes are implemented in the ns‐2 network simulator and are evaluated under various network conditions and topologies. Finally, we measure the performance of the proposed modified schemes and compare them with the corresponding legacy mechanisms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neonatal separation stress reduces glial fibrillary acidic protein‐ and S100β‐immunoreactive astrocytes in the rat medial precentral cortex
Authors: Musholt Kristina , Cirillo Giovanni , Cavaliere Carlo , Rosaria Bianco Maria , Bock Joerg , Helmeke Carina , Braun Katharina , Papa Michele
Published: January 2009

The interactions between the mother/parents and their offspring provides socioemotional input, which is essential for the establishment and maintenance of synaptic networks in prefrontal and limbic brain regions. Since glial cells are known to play an important role in developmental and experience‐driven synaptic plasticity, the effect of an early adverse emotional experience induced by maternal separation for 1 or 6 h on the expression of the glia specific proteins S100β and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was quantitatively analyzed in anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, and precentral medial cortex. Three animal groups were analyzed at postnatal day 14: (i) separated for 1 h; (ii) separated for 6 h; (iii) undisturbed (control). Twenty‐four hours after stress exposure, the stressed brains showed significantly reduced numbers of S100β‐immunoreactive (ir) cells in the anterior cingulate cortex (6‐h stress) and in the precentral medial cortex (1‐ and 6‐h stress). Significantly reduced numbers of GFAP‐ir cells were observed only in the medial precentral cortex (1‐ and 6‐h stress); no significant changes were observed in the anterior cingulate cortex. No significant changes of the two glial markers were observed in the hippocampus. Double‐labeling experiments with GFAP and pCREB revealed pCREB labeling only in the hippocampus, where the stressed brains (1 and 6 h) displayed significantly reduced numbers of GFAP/pCREB‐ir glial cells. The observed downregulation of glia‐specific marker proteins is in line with our hypothesis that emotional experience can alter glia cell activation in the juvenile limbic system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
Phenotype and function of neonatal DC
Authors: Willems Fabienne , Vollstedt Sabine , Suter Mark
Published: January 2009

Newborns face complex physical and immunological changes before and after birth. Although the uterus is a sterile environment for the fetus, it also contains non‐self material from the mother. Birth involves the transition from the sterile intra‐uterine environment to an environment rich in microbes and requires rapid induction of appropriate responses to control these microbes. In this review we focus on the similarities and differences of human and murine neonatal DC and their reaction to various stimuli. A better understanding of the newborn immune system – in particular, the DC–T‐cell interaction – will be beneficial for the development of improved strategies to prevent or treat infections in this vulnerable population and prepare the immune system to cope with allergens and tumors later in life.
Identification of CpG methylation of the SNRPN gene by methylation‐specific multiplex PCR
Authors: Hung Chia‐Cheng , Lin Shin‐Yu , Lin Shuan‐Pei , Niu Dou‐Ming , Lee Ni‐Chung , Cheng Wen‐Fang , Chen Chih‐Ping , Lin Win‐Li , Lee Chien‐Nan , Su Yi‐Ning
Published: January 2009

In this article, we show that methylation‐specific multiplex PCR (MS‐multiplex PCR) is a sensitive and specific single assay for detecting CpG methylation status as well as copy number aberrations. We used MS‐multiplex PCR to simultaneously amplify three sequences: the 3′ ends of the SNRPN gene (for unmethylated sequences), the KRITI gene (as internal control), and the promoter of the SNRPN gene containing CpG islands (for methylated sequences) after digestion with a methylation‐sensitive restriction enzyme (HhaI). We established this duplex assay for the analysis of 38 individuals with Prader–Willi syndrome, 2 individuals with Angelman syndrome, and 28 unaffected individuals. By comparing the copy number of the three regions, the methylation status and the copy number changes can be easily distinguished by MS‐multiplex PCR without the need of bisulfite treatment of the DNA. The data showed that MS‐multiplex PCR allows for the estimation of the methylation level by comparing the copy number aberrations of unknown samples to the standards with a known methylated status. The in‐house‐designed MS‐multiplex PCR protocol is a relatively simple, cost‐effective, and highly reproducible approach as a significant strategy in clinical applications for epigenetics in a routine laboratory.
The effect of aggregation on the separation performance of bacteria in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Haugg Melanie , Kaiser Viktoria , Schmidtkunz Christoph , Welsch Thomas
Published: January 2009

During the last 15 years, methods for the capillary electrophoretic separation of different bacteria species have been developed, which exploit their characteristic cell surface‐charge to volume ratio. A special variant, the polymer‐based CE of bacteria, includes a focusing step, which forces the bacteria cells to form aggregates at the beginning of the electrophoretic process, resulting in very high apparent efficiencies. Our experiments presented in this article reveal that the migration time of bacteria species in polymer‐based CE increases with a growing amount of injected cells. Thus, the electrophoretic mobilities are not characteristic for the single cells of one species, but for the aggregates of the bacteria species, which are formed during the focusing process. Electrophoretic mobility (EM) data are obviously inapplicable for the identification of bacteria if the concentration of the bacteria sample solution is not constant. Fractions taken during the electrophoretic separation of different bacteria species were cultivated and tested for species purity. Interestingly, the electrophoretic bands were never pure, as all of them contained different mixtures of the injected species. We attribute this to the formation of stable mixed‐species aggregates during polymer‐based focusing. The mixed clusters migrate in the electric field with consistent velocity as a whole and are not separated electrophoretically.
A conceptual model for the longitudinal distribution of wood in mountain streams
Authors: Wohl Ellen , Jaeger Kristin
Published: January 2009

Wood load, channel parameters and valley parameters were surveyed in 50 contiguous stream segments each 25 m in length along 12 streams in the Colorado Front Range. Length and diameter of each piece of wood were measured, and the orientation of each piece was tallied as a ramp, buried, bridge or unattached. These data were then used to evaluate longitudinal patterns of wood distribution in forested headwater streams of the Colorado Front Range, and potential channel‐, valley‐ and watershed‐scale controls on these patterns. We hypothesized that (i) wood load decreases downstream, (ii) wood is non‐randomly distributed at channel lengths of tens to hundreds of meters as a result of the presence of wood jams and (iii) the proportion of wood clustered into jams increases with drainage area as a result of downstream increases in relative capacity of a stream to transport wood introduced from the adjacent riparian zone and valley bottom. Results indicate a progressive downstream decrease in wood load within channels, and correlations between wood load and drainage area, elevation, channel width, bed gradient and total stream power. Results support the first and second hypotheses, but are inconclusive with respect to the third hypothesis. Wood is non‐randomly distributed at lengths of tens to hundreds of meters, but the proportion of pieces in jams reaches a maximum at intermediate downstream distances within the study area. We use these results to propose a conceptual model illustrating downstream trends in wood within streams of the Colorado Front Range. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meltwater discharge through the subglacial bed and its land‐forming consequences from numerical experiments in the Polish lowland during the last glaciation
Authors: Piotrowski Jan A. , Hermanowski Piotr , Piechota Agnieszka M.
Published: January 2009

Numerical experiments suggest that the last glaciation severely affected the upper lithosphere groundwater system in NW Poland: primarily its flow pattern, velocities and fluxes. We have simulated subglacial groundwater flow in two and three spatial dimensions using finite difference codes for steady‐state and transient conditions. The results show how profoundly the ice sheet modifies groundwater pressure heads beneath and some distance beyond the ice margin. All model runs show water discharge at the ice forefield driven by ice‐sheet‐thickness‐modulated, down‐ice‐decreasing hydraulic heads. In relation to non‐glacial times, the transient 3D model shows significant changes in the groundwater flow directions in a regionally extensive aquifer ca. 90 m below the ice–bed interface and up to 40 km in front of the glacier. Comparison with empirical data suggests that, depending on the model run, only between 5 and 24% of the meltwater formed at the ice sole drained through the bed as groundwater. This is consistent with field observations documenting abundant occurrence of tunnel valleys, indicating that the remaining portion of basal meltwater was evacuated through a channelized subglacial drainage system. Groundwater flow simulation suggests that in areas of very low hydraulic conductivity and adverse subglacial slopes water ponding at the ice sole was likely. In these areas the relief shows distinct palaeo‐ice lobes, indicating fast ice flow, possibly triggered by the undrained water at the ice–bed interface. Owing to the abundance of low‐permeability strata in the bed, the simulated groundwater flow depth is less than ca. 200 m. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human‐induced changes in bed shear stress and bed grain size in the River Waal (The Netherlands) during the past 900 years
Authors: Frings Roy M. , Berbee Bastiaan M. , Erkens Gilles , Kleinhans Maarten G. , Gouw Marc J. P.
Published: January 2009

Human impact has changed the flow characteristics and bed‐sediment characteristics of lowland rivers, affecting channel stability, flood risk, navigability and biodiversity. We analysed the effect of human activities on the flow and bed‐sediment characteristics of the River Waal (The Netherlands). The objectives were: (a) to reconstruct the historical change in bed shear stress during the past 900 years; (b) to reconstruct the contemporary change in bed grain size; and (c) to identify the main causes of these changes. Various data types were used, such as borehole descriptions, historical river maps and modern hydraulic data. It was found that the bed shear stress in the River Waal strongly increased during the past 900 years. In the same period, the gravel content of the sandy river bed increased, causing a coarsening of the river bed. Before ad 1870 the shear stress increase and bed coarsening were mainly due to embankment (artificial levee construction). After ad 1870, the shear stress increase and bed coarsening were mainly due to river narrowing and dredging. The systematic grain‐size difference between present‐day and historical rivers should be taken into account in river restoration projects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon dioxide generation calorimetry—Errors induced by the simplifying assumptions in the standard test methods
Authors: Brohez S. , Delvosalle C.
Published: January 2009

Carbon dioxide generation (CDG) calorimetry is commonly used for measuring heat release rates of materials. Calorimetric equation provided in the ASTM E 2058 and the NFPA code 287 is a simplified equation since the water content in the ambient air and the fumes as well as the expansion factor of the combustion gases are neglected. This paper provides general equation for CDG calorimetry based on the Tewarson formulation. A comparison is proposed between the Standard test methods (simplified equation) and the general one. It is shown that the errors induced by the simplifying assumptions are negligible for oxygen depletion factor values commonly encountered in the Fire Propagation Apparatus (where large dilution factors of the combustion gases are used before the measurements of species concentrations). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incorporating affective customer needs for luxuriousness into product design attributes
Authors: Bahn Sangwoo , Lee Cheol , Nam Chang S. , Yun Myung Hwan
Published: January 2009

In a highly competitive market, customers' product affection is a critical factor to product success. However, understanding customers' affective needs is difficult to grasp; product design practitioners often misunderstand what customers really want. In this study we report our experience in developing and using an affective design framework that identified critical affective features customers have on products and are systematically incorporated into product design attributes. To identify key affective features such as luxuriousness, we utilized the Kansei engineering methodology. This approach consists of three steps: (1) selecting related affective features and product design attributes through a comprehensive literature survey, expert panel opinion, and focus group interviews; (2) conducting evaluation experiments; and (3) developing Kansei models using multivariate statistical analysis and analyzing critical product design attributes. To demonstrate applicability of the proposed affective design framework, 30 customers and 30 product design practitioners participated in an evaluation experiment for car crash pads, and 44 customers and 20 designers participated in an evaluation experiment for two interior room products (wallpapers and flooring materials). The evaluation experiments were conducted via systematically developed questionnaires consisting of a 7‐point semantic differential scale and a 100‐point magnitude estimation scale. The results of the experiments were analyzed using principal component regression and quantification theory type I method. Using the analyzed survey data, the relationship between luxuriousness and related affective features and product design attributes were identified. This relationship indicated that there was a significant difference in the perception of luxuriousness between customers and designers. Consequently, it is expected that the results of this study could provide a foundation for developing affective products. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fashion design styles recommended by consumers' sensibility and emotion
Authors: Na Youngjoo
Published: January 2009

To develop high‐quality and consumer‐oriented sensible textiles and fashion designs, a design expert system using the collaborative filtering personalization technique was set up, and its efficiency with the user interface model was examined. A database for 60 textiles, 41 fashion designs, 28 pairs of sensibility words and connection mechanisms, and a 2‐D cyber product visualized model with user‐manipulating keys was established. It includes feedback of the recommended fashion design that matches the user's sensibility by using visual element adjustment tools provided by the system. Also, through Type III analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most important design category of developing each sensibility on women's dress was found. For the example of contemporary sensibility, the most effective category was skirt length, then sleeve type, color tone, collar type, and the skirt type. All the styles of each category were positioned in 3‐D sensibility, using scores of factor analysis from the factors Contemporary, Adult, and Character. The similarity and difference among the fashion style by positioning in 3‐D space of sensibility can be visualized. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developing an integrated primary care practice: strategies, techniques, and a case illustration
Authors: Walker Barbara B. , Collins Charlotte A.
Published: January 2009

Numerous studies have now demonstrated that integrating behavioral health and medical care can reduce medical costs, improve patient and provider satisfaction, and enhance clinical outcomes. Given this, one might expect that behavioral health programs would be fully integrated into primary care clinics across the country, but in fact integrated primary care programs remain quite rare. One reason for this discrepancy is that implementing such programs has proven to be extraordinarily challenging. Most of the integrated programs that are currently operating successfully are in settings where professionals are all members of the same health care system (e.g., HMOs, the Veterans Administration, Departments of Family Practice, etc.). Many providers, however, are in communities where various services are provided in different locations from different organizations that have very different clinical, administrative, and financial structures. In these situations, the challenges are even greater. The authors describe a set of strategies and techniques providers can use to move their health care system toward a higher level of integration and illustrate how they applied these steps to develop and assess the impact of an integrated primary care program in the state of Rhode Island. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65:1–13, 2009.
The role of the dental lamina in mammalian tooth replacement
Authors: Järvinen Elina , Tummers Mark , Thesleff Irma
Published: January 2009

We have applied the ferret,Mustela putorius furo, as a model for tooth replacement. Ferret has a heterodont dentition, which includes all tooth families, and all antemolar teeth are replaced. Compared with mouse, the ferret therefore has a less derived mammalian dentition resembling that of humans. We have studied tooth replacement in serial histological sections in embryonic and young postnatal ferrets. Our observations indicate that the replacement teeth form from the dental lamina that is intimately connected to the lingual aspect of the deciduous tooth enamel organ. It grows as an offshoot from the enamel organ, elongates in cervical direction and later buds to give rise to the replacement tooth. The extent of the dental lamina growth, preceding replacement tooth budding, varied between different teeth. The dynamic gene expression patterns ofSostdc1,ShhandAxin2brought new insight into the signal networks regulating the tooth replacement process. The distinct expression ofSostdc1at the interface between the dental lamina and the deciduous tooth is the first indication of a specific tissue identity of the dental lamina. We suggest that the reactivation of a competent dental lamina is pivotal for the replacement tooth formation.J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:281–291, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early alternative derivations of Fechner's law
Authors: Masin Sergio Cesare , Zudini Verena , Antonelli Mauro
Published: January 2009

Historians of psychology, notably Boring, fostered Fechner's idea that Weber's law is the indispensable basis for the derivation of the logarithmic psychophysical law. However, it is shown here that Bernoulli in 1738 and Thurstone in 1931 derived the logarithmic law using principles other than Weber's law and that Fechner and Thurstone based their derivations on the principles originally employed by Bernoulli. It is concluded that awareness of researchers about Bernoulli's and Thurstone's derivations could expand the directions of research on the form of the psychophysical law. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vitro dexamethasone pretreatment enhances bone formation of human mesenchymal stem cells in vivo
Authors: Song In‐Hwan , Caplan Arnold I. , Dennis James E.
Published: January 2009

Bone grafting is the current standard of care for treatment of fracture nonunions, while alternative strategies such as bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells are also used. MSCs can be induced towards the osteogenic lineage by in vitro treatment with dexamethasone (dex). This study aimed to determine the optimal duration of dex treatment for osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro and evaluate the effect of this dex pretreatment on bone formation in vivo. To determine the optimal dex treatment, MSCs were cultivated in osteogenic medium for 5 weeks with a varying dex withdrawal schedule, such that MSCs were exposed to dex for either 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 weeks. During this period, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and DNA assays, as well as von Kossa staining and morphological observations were performed. One and 2 week dex‐treated groups returned to control levels rapidly, whereas 3 and 4 week groups retained higher levels of differentiation markers, with the 4 week group being the highest. Based on these in vitro results, MSCs (with and without dex) and control fibroblasts were seeded into ceramic cubes, cultured for 4 weeks, and implanted into SCID mice, and harvested 6 weeks postimplantation for histologic evaluation. There was no bone formation in fibroblast‐seeded controls, little bone formation in control (CS 1), and extensive bone formation (CS 3–4) in dex‐treated MSCs. These results indicate that pretreatment of MSCs with dex results in greater bone formation than in untreated controls. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 916–921, 2009
Purification of α‐amylase from human saliva by superparamagnetic particles
Authors: Lin Jenshinn , Lin Yeong‐Shenn , Kuo Sho‐Tin , Jiang Chii‐Ming , Wu Ming‐Chang
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND: Several studies of magnetic carrier technology have focused on the application of separation technology, because the magnetic support can separate the target from the reaction medium by application of a magnetic field and because the magnetic carrier can be easily recovered. In the present study, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) modified by epichlorohydrin was employed as a support whose surface could be coated with starch. The starch‐coated support was used for isolating human salivary amylases.

RESULTS: The results showed that the starch‐SPIO support could isolate amylases from human saliva with 91.1% recovery and 3.5‐fold purification to high specific activity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the purifed amylase comprised two isoamylases with estimated molecular weights of 55 and 59 kDa. The activities of crude and purified amylases showed optimal pH values of 6–7 and 7 and optimal temperatures of 40 and 30 °C respectively. The thermal stability range for both crude and purified amylases was between 20 and 40 °C.

CONCLUSION: The attachment of substrates to SPIO could offer a novel and efficient method for purifying enzymes either as an initial step prior to further purification or as a final step for diagnostic usage. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of bromate in highly saline samples using CZE with on‐line transient ITP
Authors: Fukushi Keiichi , Yamazaki Ryohei , Yamane Takeshi
Published: January 2009

We developed CZE with direct UV detection for the determination of bromate in highly saline samples such as seawater and salts using transient ITP as an on‐line concentration procedure. The following optimum conditions were established: BGE, artificial seawater containing no bromide adjusted to pH 3.0; detection wavelength, 210 nm; vacuum injection period of sample, 18 s (378 nL); terminating ion solution, 600 mM sodium acetate; vacuum injection period of the terminating ion solution, 7 s (147 nL) for seawater and 12 s (252 nL) for salts; applied voltage, 7 kV with the sample inlet side as the cathode. The LOD for bromate was 30 μg/L (BrO3––Br) with S/N of 3. The respective values of the RSD of the peak area, peak height, and migration time for bromate were 6.4, 1.5, and 0.51%. Seawater and salt samples, with bromate added, were analyzed using this method. The recovery of bromate in seawater samples was 85–105%. Linear regression equations relating area and height responses to concentration for bromate were obtained using the salt samples.
Covalent modification of fused silica capillaries with quaternized polyamines to achieve robust and stable anodic electroosmotic flow
Authors: Stine Jesse J. , Palmer Christopher P.
Published: January 2009

Synthetic chemistry originally developed for the manufacture of chemically stable silica polyamine composites was adapted for the modification of fused silica capillaries for application in CE. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyallylamine (PAA) were covalently bonded to the interior surface of fused silica capillaries utilizing 3‐chloropropyltrichlorosilane (CPTCS) or 3‐glycidoxypropyl‐trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) to anchor the polymers to the surface. The surface‐bound polymers were subsequently quaternized using methyl iodide (MeI). The resulting modified capillaries were studied using CE, and were shown to provide reproducible, stable, and robust anodic EOF throughout the pH range of 2–10. Surface modifications utilizing CPTCS could be rinsed with up to 6 M HCL or 1 M NaOH without significant loss of surface modifier. The utility of the modified capillaries for the separation of simple anions and cations was demonstrated.
Profit and productivity of US Class I railroads
Authors: Lim Siew Hoon , Lovell C.A. Knox
Published: January 2009

This paper examines how productivity changes and price changes have contributed to short‐run profit change in the railroad industry. Using an unbalanced panel of US Class I railroads for the period 1996–2003, a short‐run profit change decomposition model is used to attribute intertemporal profit change to its causal factors. We find that productivity improvements and an increased scale of production contributed to increases in profit, and that variation in operating efficiency had a mixed impact on profit. We also find that relative changes in rail rates and variable input prices exerted downward pressure on profit. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Responsiveness to levodopa in epsilon‐sarcoglycan deletions
Authors: Luciano Marta San , Ozelius Laurie , Sims Katherine , Raymond Deborah , Liu Liu , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel
Published: January 2009

Myoclonus‐dystonia (M‐D) is characterized by early‐onset myoclonus and dystonia, and is often due to mutations in the epsilon‐sarcoglycan gene (SCGE) at locus 7q21. The pathogenesis of M‐D is poorly understood, and in a murine knockout model, dopaminergic hyperactivity has been postulated as a mechanism. We present two unrelated individuals with M‐D due to SCGE deletions who displayed a robust and sustained response to levodopa (L‐dopa) treatment. In contrast to using dopamine blocking agents suggested by the hyperdopaminergic knockout model, we propose that a trial of L‐dopa may be considered in patients with myoclonus‐dystonia. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
FGF20 and Parkinson's disease: No evidence of association or pathogenicity via α‐synuclein expression
Authors: Wider Christian , Dachsel Justus C. , Soto Alexandra I. , Heckman Michael G. , Diehl Nancy N. , Yue Mei , Lincoln Sarah , Aasly Jan O. , Haugarvoll Kristoffer , Trojanowski John Q. , Papapetropoulos Spiridon , Mash Deborah , Rajput Alex , Rajput Ali H. , Gibson J. Mark , Lynch Timothy , Dickson Dennis W. , Uitti Ryan J. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Farrer Matthew J. , Ross Owen A.
Published: January 2009

Genetic variation in fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20) has been associated with risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Functional evidence suggested the T allele of one SNP, rs12720208 C/T, altered PD risk by increasing FGF20 and α‐synuclein protein levels. Herein we report our association study of FGF20 and PD risk in four patient‐control series (total: 1,262 patients and 1,881 controls), and measurements of FGF20 and α‐synuclein protein levels in brain samples (nine patients). We found no evidence of association between FGF20 variability and PD risk, and no relationship between the rs12720208 genotype, FGF20 and α‐synuclein protein levels. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Clinically deployable Kinesia™ technology for automated tremor assessment
Authors: Giuffrida Joseph P. , Riley David E. , Maddux Brian N. , Heldman Dustin A.
Published: January 2009

The objective was to design, build, and assess Kinesia™, a wireless system for automated assessment of Parkinson's disease (PD) tremor. The current standard in evaluating PD is the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), a qualitative ranking system typically completed during an office visit. Kinesia integrates accelerometers and gyroscopes in a compact patient‐worn unit to capture kinematic movement disorder features. Objectively quantifying PD manifestations with increased time resolution should aid in evaluating efficacy of treatment protocols and improve patient management. In this study, PD subjects performed the tremor subset of the UPDRS motor section while wearing Kinesia. Quantitative kinematic features were processed and highly correlated to clinician scores for rest tremor (r2 = 0.89), postural tremor (r2 = 0.90), and kinetic tremor (r2 = 0.69). The quantitative features were used to develop a mathematical model that predicted tremor severity scores for new data with low errors. Finally, PD subjects indicated high clinical acceptance. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Psychotic and compulsive symptoms in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Verbaan Dagmar , van Rooden Stephanie M. , Visser Martine , Marinus Johan , Emre Murat , van Hilten Jacobus J.
Published: January 2009

The objective of this study is to evaluate psychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and to assess their relation with other clinical aspects of PD. Psychotic symptoms (PS) and compulsive symptoms (CS) as well as other nonmotor and motor features were evaluated in 353 PD patients. Psychotic and compulsive symptom scores did not correlate significantly. PS occurred in 65% of patients, with item frequencies ranging from 10% (paranoid ideation) to 55% (altered dream phenomena). Regression analysis showed that autonomic impairment accounted for 20% of the 32% explained variance of PS, whereas cognitive problems, depression, daytime sleepiness, and dopamine agonist (DA) dose explained the rest. CS occurred in 19%, with item frequencies of 10% for both sexual preoccupation and compulsive shopping/gambling. Patients with more severe CS (score ≥ 2 on one or both items) were significantly more often men, had a younger age at onset, a higher DA dose and experienced more motor fluctuations compared to the other patients. PS and CS are common but unrelated psychiatric symptoms in PD. The relations found between PS and cognitive problems, depression, daytime sleepiness, and autonomic impairment suggests a resemblance with Dementia with Lewy Bodies. The prominent association between PS and autonomic impairment may be explained by a shared underlying mechanism. Our results confirm previous reports on the profile of patients developing CS, and mechanisms underlying motor fluctuations may also play a role in the development of CS in PD. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Orthostatic hypotension, balance and falls in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Matinolli Maarit , Korpelainen Juha T. , Korpelainen Raija , Sotaniemi Kyösti A. , Myllylä Vilho V.
Published: January 2009

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common feature in Parkinson's disease (PD). As the control of balance and gait is already affected by PD per se, OH may further predispose patients to falls and accidents. The study was conducted to evaluate the clinical correlates of OH and its association with mobility and balance in PD. From a total population of 205,000 inhabitants, 120 PD patients were included in the study. Medical data including history of recent falls were collected, and patients were clinically examined using the orthostatic test, the Timed Up & Go test, walking speed, and the quantitative measurement of postural sway. Sixty‐three (52.5%) patients had OH in the orthostatic test. Twenty‐five (39.5%) patients with and 16 (28.1%) patients without OH (P = 0.614) had fallen during the past 3 months. Patients with OH had significantly increased postural sway in standing compared with patients without OH. However, OH was not associated with mobility or walking speed. The current results support the concept that the control of body balance and OH may be closely linked. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
A model for the analysis of competitive relaxation effects of manganese and iron in vivo
Authors: Zhang Na , Fitsanakis Vanessa A. , Erikson Keith M. , Aschner Michael , Avison Malcolm J. , Gore John C.
Published: January 2009

Manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) are both paramagnetic species that can affect magnetic resonance relaxation rates. They also share common transport systems in vivo and thus in experimental models of metal exposure their effects on relaxation rates may interact in a complex fashion. Here we present a novel model to interpret the combined effects of Mn and Fe on MRI relaxation rates. To achieve varying levels of both metals, adult rats were separated into four groups; a control group and three groups treated with weekly intravenous injections of 3 mg Mn/kg body for 14 weeks. The three treated groups were fed either a normal diet, Fe deficient or Fe enriched diet. All rats were scanned using MRI at the 14th week to measure regional water relaxation rates. Rat brains were removed at the end of the study (14th week) and dissected into regions for measurement of Mn and Fe by atomic absorption spectroscopy. For the normal diet groups, R1 was strongly correlated with tissue Mn concentrations. However, the slopes of the linear regression fits varied significantly among different brain regions, and a simple linear model failed to explain the changes in relaxation rate when both Mn and Fe contents changed. We propose a competition model, which is based on the ability of Mn and Fe to compete in vivo for common binding sites. The combined effect of Mn and Fe on the relaxation rates is complicated and additional studies will be necessary to explain how MRI signals are affected when the levels of both metals are varied. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.