bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart subsidies for catchment conservation in Malawi
Authors: Bell Andrew Reid , Ward Patrick S. , Mapemba Lawrence , Nyirenda Zephania , Msukwa Wupe , Kenamu Edwin
Published: July 2018

Conservation agriculture (CA) is a management paradigm in which soil is covered outside of cropping seasons, minimally disturbed, and recharged with nitrogen-fixing legumes. Finding effective ways to encourage CA is a centuries-old problem playing out acutely today in Sub-Saharan Africa. To better understand this issue, we have collected data on rural livelihoods and CA adoption during a two-year intervention in southern Malawi. The intervention evaluated rates of CA adoption under two different structures of payment and three levels of monitoring. The dataset includes a baseline and endline survey covering 1,900 households, along with surveys conducted with participants opting into the intervention. Baseline and endline questions included modules on farm-level inputs and production at the plot-crop level; plot characteristics; household composition and assets; savings, loans, and other sources of income; neighborhood characteristics; and perceptions regarding CA. Registration questionnaires in the intervention included detailed assessments of recent production in plots being registered to the intervention, and basic information for all other plots; and basic information on household structure and assets.
Viruses of the Nahant Collection, characterization of 251 marine Vibrionaceae viruses
Authors: Kauffman Kathryn M. , Brown Julia M. , Sharma Radhey S. , VanInsberghe David , Elsherbini Joseph , Polz Martin , Kelly Libusha
Published: July 2018

Viruses are highly discriminating in their interactions with host cells and are thought to play a major role in maintaining diversity of environmental microbes. However, large-scale ecological and genomic studies of co-occurring virus-host pairs, required to characterize the mechanistic and genomic foundations of virus-host interactions, are lacking. Here, we present the largest dataset of cultivated and sequenced co-occurring virus-host pairs that captures ecologically representative fine-scale diversity. Using the ubiquitous and ecologically diverse marine Vibrionaceae as a host platform, we isolate and sequence 251 dsDNA viruses and their hosts from three time points within a 93-day time-series study. The virus collection includes representatives of the three Caudovirales tailed virus morphotypes, a novel family of nontailed viruses, and the smallest (10,046 bp) and largest (348,911 bp) Vibrio virus genomes described. We provide general characterization and annotation of the viruses and describe read-mapping protocols to standardize genome presentation. The rich ecological and genomic contextualization of hosts and viruses make the Nahant Collection a unique platform for high-resolution studies of environmental virus-host infection networks.
Marine phytoplankton community composition data from the Belgian part of the North Sea, 1968–2010
Authors: Nohe Anja , Knockaert Carolien , Goffin Annelies , Dewitte Elien , De Cauwer Karien , Desmit Xavier , Vyverman Wim , Tyberghein Lennert , Lagring Ruth , Sabbe Koen
Published: July 2018

The Belgian Phytoplankton Database (BPD) is a comprehensive data collection comprising quantitative phytoplankton cell counts from multiple research projects conducted since 1968. The collection is focused on the Belgian part of the North Sea, but also includes data from the French and the Dutch part of the North Sea. The database includes almost 300 unique sampling locations and more than 3,000 sampling events resulting in more than 86,000 phytoplankton cell count records. The dataset covers two periods: 1968 to 1978 and 1994 to 2010. The BPD can be accessed online and provides high quality phytoplankton count data. The species taxonomy is updated, and the count values are quality checked and standardized. Important metadata like sampling date, sampling location, sampling depth and methodology is provided and standardized. Additionally, associated abiotic data and biovolume values are available. The dataset allows to conduct analyses of long-term temporal and spatial trends in phytoplankton community structure in the southern part of the North Sea, including changes in phytoplankton phenology and seasonality.
A surface-enhanced Raman scattering active core/shell structure based on enzyme-guided crystal growth for bisphenol A detection
Authors: Xu Zhou , Wang Rong , Mei Bo , Ding Li , Wang Libing , Chen Maolong , Cheng Yunhui
Published: July 2018

Herein, a universal surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection platform based on enzyme-guided crystal growth has been fabricated for the first time.
Fluorescence assay for alkaline phosphatase based on ATP hydrolysis-triggered dissociation of cerium coordination polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Chuanxia , Yuan Qun , Ni Pengjuan , Jiang Yuanyuan , Zhao Zhenlu , Lu Yizhong
Published: July 2018

We have developed a fluorescence assay for ALP based on ATP hydrolysis-triggered dissociation of coordination polymer nanoparticles.
Measuring elasticity of wet cellulose fibres with AFM using indentation and a linearized Hertz model
Authors: Hellwig Johannes , Durán Verónica López , Pettersson Torbjörn
Published: July 2018

The mechanical properties of different pulp fibres in liquid were measured using an atomic force microscope.
A simple and rapid dual-cycle amplification strategy for microRNA based on graphene oxide and exonuclease III-assisted fluorescence recovery
Authors: Tang Yafang , Liu Mingxiu , Xu Lingcao , Tian Jianniao , Yang Xiulin , Zhao Yanchun , Zhao Shulin
Published: July 2018

A simple microRNA detection method by combining Graphene Oxide (GO) fluorescence quenching with exonuclease III (Exo-III) aided cycling amplification was developed.
Probing the early stages of prion protein (PrP) aggregation with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Collu Francesca , Spiga Enrico , Chakroun Nesrine , Rezaei Human , Fraternali Franca
Published: July 2018

We present results extracted from molecular dynamics simulations aimed at investigating the aggregation process of the β-rich ovine prion protein.
A multi-electron transfer ferrocene derivative positive redox moiety with improved solubility and potential
Authors: Xie Congxin , Xu Wenbin , Zhang Huamin , Hu Xiangping , Li Xianfeng
Published: July 2018

Rational molecular structure modification towards high performance redox couples attracts great concern.
Flow chemistry-enabled studies of rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation reactions
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Raghuvanshi Keshav , Coley Connor W. , Mason Dawn , Rodgers Jody , Janka Mesfin E. , Abolhasani Milad
Published: July 2018

We present an autonomous microscale flow chemistry platform for high-throughput fundamental and applied studies of homogeneous hydroformylation reactions.
Peptide nucleic acid mediated inhibition of the bacterial signal recognition particle
Authors: Ghosh Sudipta , Saini Snehlata , Saraogi Ishu
Published: July 2018

Here we propose and validate the signal recognition particle (SRP), a protein transport machinery, as an antibacterial target for the first time.
Chemoselective isocyanide insertion into the N–H bond using iodine–DMSO: metal-free access to substituted ureas
Authors: Bora Porag , Bez Ghanashyam
Published: July 2018

A chemoselective metal-free method for isocyanide insertion into amines is developed to synthesize symmetrical and unsymmetrical ureas.
Well-dispersed (Y0.95−xGdxEu0.05)(B(OH)4)CO3 colloidal spheres as a novel precursor for orthoborate red phosphor and the effects of Gd3+ doping on structure and luminescence
Authors: Zhu Qi , Wang Shuo , Li Xiaodong , Sun Xudong , Li Ji-Guang
Published: July 2018

Uniform spheres of (Y,Gd,Eu)BO3 ternary system were successfully synthesized via a novel precursor route.
Photoelectron spectroscopic and computational studies of [EDTA·M(iii)]− complexes (M = H3, Al, Sc, V–Co)
Authors: Yuan Qinqin , Kong Xiang-Tao , Hou Gao-Lei , Jiang Ling , Wang Xue-Bin
Published: July 2018

Photoelectron spectroscopic and computational studies of [EDTA·M(iii)]− complexes reveal their redox chemistry and specific metal bindings.
Strong light–matter interaction in tungsten disulfide nanotubes
Authors: Yadgarov Lena , Višić Bojana , Abir Tsafrir , Tenne Ron , Polyakov Alexander Yu. , Levi Roi , Dolgova Tatyana V. , Zubyuk Varvara V. , Fedyanin Andrey A. , Goodilin Eugene A. , Ellenbogen Tal , Tenne Reshef , Oron Dan
Published: July 2018

The WS2 nanotubes emerge as novel class of polaritonic quasi 1D-material by sustaining excitons coupled with tunable cavity modes.
The spin-dependent Seebeck effect and the charge and spin figure of merit in a hybrid structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes and zigzag-edge graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Ye Xue-Mei , Tang Xiao-Qin , Tan Xing-Yi , Ren Da-Hua
Published: July 2018

A hybrid structure of carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons was predicted and synthesized (Y. Li et al., Nat. Nanotechnol., 2012, 7, 394–400; P. Lou, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2014, 118, 4475–4482).
Synchronous immobilization and conversion of polysulfides on a VO2–VN binary host targeting high sulfur load Li–S batteries
Authors: Song Yingze , Zhao Wen , Kong Long , Zhang Li , Zhu Xingyu , Shao Yuanlong , Ding Feng , Zhang Qiang , Sun Jingyu , Liu Zhongfan
Published: July 2018

An in situ constructed VO2–VN binary host was realized to accomplish smooth immobilization–diffusion–conversion of polysulfides, targeting high-sulfur-load Li–S batteries.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of AKT inhibitors bearing a piperidin-4-yl appendant
Authors: Zhang Daoguang , Tong Dongdong , Yang Dezhi , Sun Jing , Zhang Fenghe , Zhao Guisen
Published: July 2018

Compound 10h is a potent pan-AKT inhibitor showing cellular AKT inhibition and apoptosis induction in PC-3 prostate cancer cells.
Development of subnanomolar-affinity serotonin 5-HT4 receptor ligands based on quinoline structures
Authors: Castriconi Federica , Paolino Marco , Grisci Giorgio , Francini Cinzia Maria , Reale Annalisa , Giuliani Germano , Anzini Maurizio , Giorgi Gianluca , Mennuni Laura , Sabatini Chiara , Lanza Marco , Caselli Gianfranco , Cappelli Andrea
Published: July 2018

A structure–affinity relationship study led to the discovery of 7h–j as novel 5-HT4 receptor ligands showing Ki values in the subnanomolar range.
Anti-migration and burning rate catalytic performances of novel ferrocene-based porphyrins and their transition-metal complexes
Authors: Gu Xuesong , Xie Shubo , Chen Qiang , Chen Shufeng , Zhao Haiying , Bian Zhanxi
Published: July 2018

Novel ferrocene-based porphyrins and metal porphyrins exhibited non-migratory ability and excellent burning rate catalytic performance for composite solid propellants.
BN nanospheres functionalized with mesoporous silica for enhancing CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-mediated cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Huijie , Cheng Ting , Lai Li , Deng Shuhao , Yu Ruixi , Qiu Lipeng , Zhou Juan , Lu Guozhong , Zhi Chunyi , Chen Jinghua
Published: July 2018

BNNS@MS-NH2 spheres significantly enhanced CpG ODN-mediated antitumor immunity.
Expression of concern: Synthesis of octahedral, truncated octahedral, and cubic Rh2Ni nanocrystals and their structure–activity relationship for the decomposition of hydrazine in aqueous solution to hydrogen
Authors: Andres Jeanne Therese H.
Published: July 2018

Expression of concern for ‘Synthesis of octahedral, truncated octahedral, and cubic Rh2Ni nanocrystals and their structure–activity relationship for the decomposition of hydrazine in aqueous solution to hydrogen’ by Chun Li et al., Nanoscale, 2016, 8, 7043–7055.
Development of an automated multi-stage continuous reactive crystallization system with in-line PATs for high viscosity process
Authors: Hu Chuntian , Finkelstein Joshua E. , Wu Wei , Shvedova Khrystyna , Testa Christopher J. , Born Stephen C. , Takizawa Bayan , O'Connor Thomas F. , Yang Xiaochuan , Ramanujam Sukumar , Mascia Salvatore
Published: July 2018

Lower E-factor was obtained in an automated multi-stage continuous reactive-crystallization system.
Developing an understanding of undergraduate student interactions in chemistry laboratories
Authors: Wei Jianye , Mocerino Mauro , Treagust David F. , Lucey Anthony D. , Zadnik Marjan G. , Lindsay Euan D. , Carter Damien J.
Published: July 2018

Laboratories play a crucial role in the undergraduate science curriculum and the effectiveness of learning in laboratories is influenced by learners’ interactions with other students, the instructors, and the equipment used. In this study, a pre-lab survey was used to collect information about students’ expectations of interactions in chemistry laboratories and how they can be ranked according to their importance. Post-lab surveys were used to capture students’ perspectives about the frequency of interactions that existed in laboratory sessions they had completed. Direct observations of some laboratories were also conducted principally to validate students’ self-reported interactions. The data were also sorted by three levels of student achievement in order to relate students’ expectations of the importance of different interactions (pre-lab survey) and their self-reported frequency of interactions (post-lab survey) with their laboratory grades. Results from the pre-lab survey showed that student–instructor interactions were anticipated to be the most important ahead of conducting the laboratory activity, whereas results from the post-lab surveys showed that the most frequent interactions occurred between students. Students’ self-reports (post-lab survey) and the direct observations agreed well suggesting that the post-lab survey is a robust tool for capturing the frequencies of student interactions in this and future studies. The results also showed that students gaining high grades both anticipated the importance of, and then engaged more frequently in, two-way communications with both students and instructors whereas students with lower grades placed a relatively higher reliance upon passive interactions such as the pre-lab briefing, the laboratory manual and internet sources. Finally, recommendations are offered to curriculum designers, instructors and students based on the overall findings of the study.
Dwarf irregular galaxy Leo A extends even farther, according to HST WFC3 photometry
Authors: Stonkutė R. , Čeponis M. , Leščinskaitė A. , Naujalis R. , Vansevičius V.
Published: July 2018

Context. Leo A is an isolated gas-rich dwarf irregular galaxy of low stellar mass and metallicity residing at the outskirts of the Local Group. Ages of the stellar populations in Leo A range from ~10 Myr to ~10 Gyr. A large stellar halo (up to the deprojected distance of ~1.7 kpc) was discovered based on Subaru wide-field photometry of red giant branch stars.

Aims. We aim to study stellar populations at the very outer region of the Leo A galaxy.

Methods. We analysed HST WFC3 archive observation data in the field that is partly located beyond the previously known limits of the Leo A galaxy. We performed photometry of star-like objects in theF475WandF814Wpassbands and studied the spatial distribution of the Leo A stars below the horizontal branch.

Results. We report a discovery of stellar halo populations (subgiants and faint red giants) in the Leo A galaxy extending up to ~2.3 kpc deprojected distance from the galaxy centre. Analysis of the colour-magnitude diagram suggests old (>5 Gyr) stellar populations of very low metallicity (Z~ 0.0001).
Experimental based determination of SCOP coefficient for ground-water heat pump
Authors: Anweiler Stanisław , Masiukiewicz Maciej
Published: July 2018

The paper presents research related to the operation of an ground-source heat pump with a thermal output of 16.85 kW and an electrical power of 3.72 kW in various conditions, both from the mechanical and thermodynamic perspective. The publication contains the results of research on a selected heat pump model with an R410a refrigerant carried out in an accredited laboratory in the Czech Republic. Detailed analysis of the data in terms of changes in the COP coefficient for two heating water temperatures was carried out (35°C and 55°C) and in the range of outdoor air temperature from -10°C to 15°C every 1°C. The analysis was also carried out to determine the efficiency of the heat pump depending on the parameters of the heat source. Devices of this type, enabling effective use of environmental available thermal energy with low operating costs, meet increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements. Significant costs of heating buildings are one of the main reasons for the need to look for alternative energy sources. The heat resources contained in water, air and land are huge. Due to the fact that heat pump prices dropped significantly, and their efficiency has increased over the last few years, these devices are a real competition for conventional ways of supplying buildings with heat. Heat pumps do not require daily maintenance, are fully automated and have intuitive control. These features allow to use them as components in the system of a modern and intelligent household. It was shown that the SCOP of the tested device increased by 1% on average reaching SCOP = 4.71 for a typical external calculation temperature and for a low-temperature heating system (35°C).
Energy performance for residential building – comparison between theoretical method and real measurements
Authors: Basińska Małgorzata , Ratajczak Katarzyna , Tomczyk Jan
Published: July 2018

This paper presents an energy performance of residential building (two – family building) located in Poznan. Both apartments were analysed separately. By using a method of energy performance calculations valid in Poland, a theoretical energy performance had been prepared. The calculations were conducted assuming real changeability of climatic data in years: 2010–2017. The real energy performance was prepared based on actual gas consumption for the purpose of heating and domestic hot water preparation (DHW) within the years of measurements taken, being a subject of analysis. The findings from this study revealed that a theoretical energy performance significantly deviates from the results obtained by means of energy consumption measurements, which resulted from variability of basic climatic data over time and also from theoretical usage profile of the apartments.
Fluctuating temperature of the mains water throughout the year and its influence on the consumption of energy for the purposes of DHW preparation
Authors: Chmielewska Agnieszka
Published: July 2018

The article discusses the influence of the cold water temperature on the amount of energy consumed for the purposes of the DHW preparation in multi-family buildings. The article begins with a presentation of the DHW consumption readings from a multi-family building, recorded on a monthly basis during the period of 4 years. The readings constituted the base for calculating the demand for energy for the purposes of the DHW preparation. Subsequently, basing on the output water temperature readings from the water treatment plant, it was proved that the temperature of the mains water fluctuates throughout the year. The review of the available literature, as well as the measurements, confirmed that it is necessary to develop a new model of the cold water temperature that would take into account the type of intake in a water treatment plant. The final part of the article presents how the accepted assumptions about the temperature of the mains water influence the consumption of energy for the purposes of the DHW preparation.
The distribution of air temperature and velocity in the selected boiler room
Authors: Cichowicz Robert , Stelęgowski Artur
Published: July 2018

The crucial impact on the indoor air quality in technological rooms, including boiler plant buildings, is made by operation of technological devices and ventilation systems. Therefore, the distribution of air temperature and velocity in these rooms mainly depends on location and heat gains generated by combustion devices, as well as emplacement of air supply and air exhaust elements. The temperature and airflow volume of supplied air is also an issue, because the indoor environment parameters are formed by the flow of air in the working area. Determination of the impact of physical factors on the thermal environment in a room is possible using an analysis of the air temperature and velocity. This issue is vital in terms of necessity to maintain the adequate heat conditions in the working area. Therefore, basing on the experimental measurements and numerical calculations (made in DesignBuilder software), the distribution of air temperature and velocity was analyzed in the selected industrial boiler room, located in the Lodz city, in Poland. The results obtained were compared with the recommended and limit values in the industrial buildings.
The PMV and PPD indices in the selected boiler room
Authors: Cichowicz Robert , Stelęgowski Artur
Published: July 2018

Thermal microclimate in a boiler room is formed by factors resulting from thermal processes that are taking place in combustion units. These factors are negatively affecting the indoor environment by worsening the air quality, and therefore it is crucial to maintain adequate air parameters in the room. It is a consequence of the fact that in the boiler room the operation of technological equipment results in an exposure of workers to adverse effects caused by thermal factors. Therefore, the evaluation of thermal conditions in the work area of people was made for the selected industrial boiler room using PMV and PPD indices (which allow to determine the thermal sensation of employees, regarding their surrounding thermal environment, based on the methodology of ISO 7730 standard). The analysis was based on own experimental measurements and numerical calculations made in the DesignBuilder program.
Preliminary testing of innovative ventilation fittings
Authors: Derbiszewski Bogdan , Głogowski Michał , Szymański Łukasz , Olejnik Tomasz , Obraniak Andrzej
Published: July 2018

The article primarily presents a schematic idea of the operation of innovative ventilation shapes with adjustable performance. Then, it was pre-verified by measuring static pressure on the walls of ordinary fittings and innovative T-type fittings. The presented fittings have features that allow for very precise control of the performance of ventilation streams in various configurations. The most important diagrams in the article show that there are simple methods for distributing air streams, even in mutually perpendicular channels leading to minimized flow losses. The presented results of comparative tests carried out on ordinary and innovative T-shaped fittings show very favorable tendencies which are characterized by a several-dozen-percent drop in pressure in similar measurement ranges.
Tackling Air Pollution in Krakow
Authors: Jachimowski Artur , Paprocki Marcin , Wojnarowska Magdalena
Published: July 2018

Data used in order to determine the level of pollutants present in the air in Krakow came from three air quality monitoring stations located in Bulwarowa street, Bujaka street and Krasińskiego avenue. Based on these data, an analysis was performed concerning air quality in Krakow in 2010-2016. Also, a correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relation between air quality parameters and meteorological parameters, such as: wind, precipitation, temperature. An analysis of the results obtained showed that two factors are critical for the variability of air pollution in Krakow. The first of them is low-stack emissions from coal stoves and boilers. The other factor is the type of atmospheric circulation. It has been determined that the worst air quality occurs in the heating season as the prevailing circulation is anticyclonic (high-pressure) characterised by low temperature, lack or small amount of precipitation, weak wind and thermal inversion. The paper presents preventive measures aimed at reducing the amount of pollutants in Krakow. It has been found that in order to reduce the level of air pollution in Krakow, especially in the heating season, it is necessary to intensify operations aimed at eliminating coal and wood stoves and boilers.
Sludge drying leads to organic nitrogen mineralization
Authors: Kokurewicz Łukasz , Janiak Kamil , Zięba Bartosz
Published: July 2018

Sludge drying leads to volatisation and removal of part of nitrogen contained in sludge. Removed nitrogen is usually condensed and recirculated to activated sludge process. It is assumed that mass of volatised nitrogen is equal to mass of soluble nitrogen in sludge. However results obtained from full-scale drying facility shows that mass of volatised nitrogen is 100% higher than mass of soluble nitrogen. It is suspected that nitrogen mineralization occurs due to high temperature maintained in dryers (> 220°C). These results are important as higher mass of nitrogen in condensate makes its removal economically reasonable. This paper shows results of nitrogen mass balance of full-scale drying facility.
Simulation of water supply networks using modern means of information technology
Authors: Kotowski Jerzy , Oko Jacek , Żygadło Monika
Published: July 2018

We present in turn the development of computer technology from the beginning of its creation on our planet. Then we discuss the development of information technology at our university. At the end, we present a selected technical problem which is the task of simulation of the water supply network. We present mathematical models of these issues and algorithms for their solutions requiring the use of a computer.
Adsorption of selected pharmaceuticals on activated carbons from water
Authors: Lach Joanna , Szymonik Anna , Ociepa-Kubicka Agnieszka
Published: July 2018

The possibility of using activated carbon for the removal of salicylic acid andiibuprofen sodium has been explored. These compounds are observed in crude and treated sewage and in surface water. The effect of pH on the adsorption efficiency was assessed. Tests were carried out from solutions with pH ranging from 2 to 10 (salicylic acid) and from 6 to 10 (iibuprofen sodium). It was found that the higher pH, the lower the adsorption of the compounds tested. Salicylic acid was most efficiently adsorbed from a solution with pH = 2, in which it occurred mainly in an undissociated form. The achieved efficiency of salicylic acid adsorption from solutions with pH=2 was 91%, while from those with pH=10, it was 55% (Co=4 mmol/L). The efficiency of removing ibuprofen sodium from the pH=6 solution was 64%, while from the pH = 10 solution, 60%.The adsorption of both salicylic acid and ibuprofen sodium follows the kinetics equation of the pseudo-2nd order. For the description of the adsorption isotherms, the Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubibin-Radushkevich models were employed. The both compounds are described with the highest correlation coefficient in the case of the Freundlich equation.
Freely available daily hydrometeorological data from Czechia: further insights
Authors: Ledvinka Ondrej , Jedlicka Matej
Published: July 2018

Quite recently, freely available mean daily discharge series representing the territory of Czechia were complemented by ten daily series of nine climate variables, spanning usually from 1961 to the present. Their length thus allows the analyses similar to those conducted approximately a year ago in relation to the long series of discharge. Besides this possibility, the current paper goes further and shows how these long series (including discharge) can be used in order to assess the presence of the so-called Hurst phenomenon. Using a wavelet-based approach, several important differences in the wavelet spectra and values of the Hurst exponent (as well as the uncertainty in their estimation) were found when focusing on discharge, air temperature and precipitation. Furthermore, using the stationarity and unit root tests, it was revealed that, unlike precipitation, air temperature and discharge series may be characterized by long-memory processes in many cases. Finally, as the paper is devoted mainly to students, a short R script is presented in Appendix that makes it easier to work with the online files offered by Czech climatologists.
Concentration profiles of Personal Care Products in swimming pools
Authors: Lempart Anna , Kudlek Edyta , Dudziak Mariusz
Published: July 2018

Concentration profiles of Personal Care Products (PCPs) in outdoor and indoor swimming pools are compared. The difference in the obtained chromatographs were observed. The quantitative analysis show that the frequency of occurrence and concentrations of two selected compounds (BZ-3 and BZ-8) from PCPs are higher in indoor swimming pools than in outdoor swimming pools. The obtained in this work results for swimming pools located in Poland differ from those received in Spain in previous work.
Production of Zeolite Sorbents from Burning and Co-burning Biomass with Coal
Authors: Łach Michał , Grela Agnieszka , Bajda Tomasz , Mierzwiński Dariusz , Komar Norbert , Mikuła Janusz
Published: July 2018

The limited resources of natural zeolites make it necessary to search for and use synthetic products. This paper presents a method of producing zeolite sorbents resulting from hydrothermal synthesis in an autoclave. The raw materials used in the syntheses were fluidized-bed fly ashes derived from the burning of forest biomass and sunflower hulls and two fly ashes derived from biomass combustion. The raw materials and zeolite sorbents were characterised using the analysis methods of phase composition and textural properties of the samples. The sorptive capacity of the raw materials and zeolite sorbents was determined by means of cation and anion exchange capacity. The analyses and research have shown that as a result of the synthesis process it is possible to obtain the following zeolite phases: sodalite, faujasite, chabazite. The determined value of the cation and anion exchange capacity for synthetic zeolite sorbents are greater than those which characterise natural zeolites.
Reducing the light pollution in settlement units areas – comparative case studies
Authors: Łopuszyńska Agata
Published: July 2018

Dark-sky areas are a form of night landscape protection and reduction of light pollution (LP), but also a new direction of inhabited and urban areas development. Yet still the lack of social awareness of artificial light at night (ALAN) exposure issues is widespread. While the technical aspects of outdoor lighting modernization used for reduction are recognized and continuously elaborated, there is no specific scheme of the dark sky communities formation processes. In contrast to isolated areas of dark-sky protection, they are a challenge due to the accumulation of various functions and interests or spatial conflicts. The article is an attempt to determine how and why particular programs work or fail to work on the examples of the Polish village of Sopotnia Wielka and the Scottish town of Moffat. It seems that the legal factors are decisive, but other important aspects like social or planning come to the fore.
Analysis of particle emissions of passenger cars in RDE tests
Authors: Merkisz Jerzy , Brzezinski Lukasz , Magdziak Agnieszka , Skobiej Kinga
Published: July 2018

The main issues addressed by the article are dimensional analysis of solid particles emitted by passenger cars operating in real driving conditions. It is a part of the current research trend focused on searching pro-ecological solutions related to determining the environmental impact of road transport. Special emphasis was placed on the comparison of the ecological parameters of passenger cars fuelled with petrol (conventional and hybrid) and diesel. All tests were carried out in accordance with the applicable requirements of the European Union. This approach will expand the knowledge base on the ecological properties of vehicles moving in urban, rural area and on highways.
The residential heat pumps’ impact on national CO2 emission
Authors: Niemierka Elżbieta
Published: July 2018

The decarbonisation potential of residential heat pump technology strongly depends on the public electricity and heat production system. The study presents the national scenarios of replacing the individual heat sources with electrically driven heat pumps in residential space heating. The heat pumps impact on residential CO2 emission and energy balance in public electricity and heat production system were assessed at national level. Application of particular scenario give an incommensurable effect. The space heating sector based on heat pumps may decrease the CO2 emission up to 42.2% or not change the results despite the technology development.
Potential use of lakes as a component of small retention in Wielkopolska
Authors: Nowak Bogumił , Ptak Mariusz
Published: July 2018

In the context of the observed climatic changes, unfavourable extreme situations occur increasingly frequently, manifested by, among others, the occurrence of droughts and floods. In the case of Poland, the central part of the country, in administrative terms covering the Wielkopolskie Province, is considered a region with a deficit of water resources. Such a situation was and is determined by a combination of natural and artificial factors. The former ones result from low precipitation and high air temperatures. The latter are the effect of intensive economic development, including large-scale meliorations. Measures mitigating this unfavourable phenomenon are related to the expansion of small retention. Its scale in Wielkopolska is the largest in the country – both in terms of the number of objects and volume of accumulated water. The key component of increasing retention is damming of lakes. According to the presented results, considerable reserves are still available in its scope. With the assumption of increasing water level in lakes by 0.2 m, it could cause an increase in water resources by 31 million m3, and assuming such an increase at a level of 0.5 m, by 78 million m3.
Heating of external surfaces by means of heat pumps
Authors: Nowak Krzysztof
Published: July 2018

In winter we are forced to eliminate or mitigate the disadvantages associated with the accumulation of snow and ice on sidewalks, steps, driveways, roofs, squares, sports fields. There are many ways to remove snow and ice from the considered surfaces, including chemical, mechanical or use of a heating installation. Mechanical or manual methods do not always allow to completely remove snow and ice, while chemicals often have a negative impact on the environment. The most effective is the use of an electric or liquid heating installation. The article presents the results of technical analysis for a maneuver area heating system for driving training lesson using a heat pump with a ground heat exchanger, as well as financial analysis of its application in the established conditions. The literature lacks information on this subject, so it was interesting to investigate whether the proposed installation is technically and economically feasible.
Influence of irregularity of water consumption on water age in a water supply network
Authors: Ogiołda Ewa , Nowogoński Ireneusz
Published: July 2018

The article presents an analysis of an existing water supply system. Water consumption in various time frames, i.e. a year, week and 24 hours, is shown. A hydraulic model was developed and, using the EPANET programme, calculations simulating its parameters carried out, accounting particularly for water age, which reflective of the water quality supplied to the recipients. The obtained results are the basis for assessing the operation of the system.
Excavation topography modelling in the context of adaptation to climate change on the example of “Brzeziny” Natural Aggregate Mine
Authors: Pawełczyk Katarzyna
Published: July 2018

One of the key activities of adapting to climate change is the revitalization of post–industrial areas. A special case of such areas are post-mining areas in the mining of rock raw materials, which as a result of opencast mining have a completely different characteristics from the surrounding landscape. Therefore, there is a great need to undertake actions aimed at adapting post–mining areas to climate change. However, to properly design these activities, a method should be defined to assess the level of adaptation of post-mining land to climate change. For its needs, the Topographic Adaptation Index was developed and applied in this paper. In order to determine the level of adaptation to climate change in the studied mine, three models were created in which the course of the Topographic Adaptation Index was analysed depending on the variable spatial conditions.
Analysis of the possibilities for improvement of thermal comfort of living quarters located in multi-family large-panel prefabricated buildings
Authors: Podawca Konrad , Pawłat-Zawrzykraj Agata , Dohojda Marek
Published: July 2018

The article discusses the issue of low thermal insulation of partitions in large-panel prefabricated buildings. They were constructed mainly in the 70's and the 80's of the twentieth century. Defects related to freezing as well as vertical and horizontal joints of prefabricated walls, began to appear as early as in the very first years of operation. It was very burdensome for flat users due to lack of thermal comfort, mycological problems and rising heating costs. The thermovision analysis covered sections of panel partitions in real estate at Lazurowa Street in Warsaw, which is a four-storey multi-family building, constructed in large-panel system. The measurements were carried out in the periods of January-February 2016 before the thermal modernization of the building, and in January 2018 after its modernization and renovation of the flat. Before-and-after comparison of thermal insulation state was made on the basis of surface temperatures of crucial spots. Furthermore, after changes in the structure of external walls were finished, thermal comfort or discomfort in the analysed room were visualised, using graphs of the optimal temperature range of walls, ceiling and floor, depending on the air temperature in the room.
Effectiveness of wastewater treatment from the fruit and vegetable industry in the vertical flow-type constructed wetlands
Authors: Puchlik Monika
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the work was to determine the effectiveness of wastewater treatment from the fruit and vegetable industry in constructed wetlands supported by a bio-preparation. An increase in the efficiency of organic substance purification expressed as BOD5 and COD by 8% in deposit with the addition of bio-preparation in relation to the control bed (without the addition of bio-preparation), was found. The efficiency of the total suspension, total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased respectively by 19.5%, 10%, and 27% in relation to the bed without addition of bio-preparation. Constructed wetlands treatment plant ensures high removal of organic compounds expressed as BOD5 and COD, as well as guarantees reduction in the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.
RANS Simulations of Flow Past an DU-91-W2-250 Airfoil at High Reynolds Number
Authors: Rogowski Krzysztof , Hansen Martin O.L.
Published: July 2018

This paper presents numerical results of the DU-91-W2-250 airfoil. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations of the 2D profile are performed employing the Transient SST turbulence model. The airfoil was investigated for the Reynolds number of 6 106. Lift and drag coefficients are compared with the experimental data from LM Low Speed Wind Tunnel (LSWT). The results of lift and drag coefficients obtained using the SST Transient model are in a good agreement in comparison with the experiment in the angle of attack range from -10° to 10°. The static pressure distributions calculated by the SST Transition model are also in good agreement with the experiment.
The energy source for heat pumps with vertical heat exchangers
Authors: Rynkowski Piotr
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the ground temperature analysis, heat flows and energy transferred from the soil massif by the vertical ground heat exchangers (VGHE). Three cases – with one, two and three vertical heat exchangers were compared. Their influences on the soil massif temperature in the heat exchangers area were shown. The mass flow and the temperature at the inlet and outlet side of the heat pump were measured in each circuit. Additional, the electricity consumption by the heat pump and energy supply to buffer vessel were measured. Finally, the Coefficient of Performance (COP) as a function of length of VGHE is shown for selected interval time.
Numerical modelling of dispersion of ammonia and chlorine in urban areas during emergency accident
Authors: Salamonowicz Zdzisław , Makowski Radosław
Published: July 2018

Modelling dispersion and determining the range of a danger zone is usually based on empirical models whose limitations simplify the result. Spreading the cloud in industrial space, urban or other irregular area with numerous obstacles, is impossible to predict using these models. The solution in this situation is the use of numerical modelling. CFD allows for consideration of complex geometry, wind flow between elements, gas weight, turbulence in the atmosphere and mass and heat flow in the test area. Such relations illustrate the phenomenon of dispersion in 3d space in a very accessible way, at the same time they allow to show more precisely the characteristic places of residual gas or fast dispersion. The paper presents the possibilities of using numerical simulations for 3d modelling dispersion of ammonia and chlorine in the densely built urban space of Warsaw.
Evaluation of driver exposure risk on toxins emitted from exhausts engine in traffic congestion simulated conditions
Authors: Skrętowicz Maria , Janicka Anna , Wróbel Radosław , Zawiślak Maciej
Published: July 2018

The increase in the number of vehicles and better availability of car purchase cause that nowadays people tend to spend more time inside cars. In urban traffic conditions, vehicles moves at low speeds. In addition, traffic lights and high traffic flows cause frequent stops of vehicles and often lead to congestions. The consequence is high amount of exhaust emission and high levels of the concentration of pollutants in the air. In such conditions, pollutants including hydrocarbons from the group of volatile organic compound enter the interior of vehicles with air passing into the cabin. It accumulates mainly in the area of the driver and the passengers heads. In this paper the results of the research of volatile organic compounds concentration inside two different passenger cars in simulated traffic congestion conditions are presented. The study involved vehicles of various ages: new (2011) and old (1999). On the basis of the study the driver exposure inside these vehicles to the impact of volatile organic compounds has been evaluated.
Analysis of the impact of pump system control on pressure gradients during emergency leaks in pipelines
Authors: Sowiński Jarosław , Dziubiński Marek
Published: July 2018

The impact of a pump control system on the recorded pressure values along the pipeline during emergency leaks is discussed in the paper. A comparison was made for the designed experimental installation with a length of 1100 m and a diameter of DN 63 mm. The calculations were made using the Epanet 2 program. Results of the performed calculations prove that apart from a detailed description of hydraulic parameters of the pipeline on the size of emergency leaks from the pipeline, it is also important to properly describe the pump control system.
Indoor air quality modelling and measurements of a studio apartment with a mechanical exhaust system
Authors: Szczepanik-Ścisło Nina , Flaga-Maryańczyk Agnieszka
Published: July 2018

The aim of the research were measurements and an attempt to model the indoor air quality (IAQ) within a studio apartment with a mechanical exhaust system, manually controlled by the occupants. The authors based the modelling on the occupancy schedule of the family members and the recorded operation duration of the ventilation system. The purpose of the performed analysis was to answer the question if it is possible and to what extent to reflect numerically the conditions within the tested object. The authors studied also the carbon dioxide level in the context of controlling the system by the residents. The simulations were carried out using the CONTAM software, developed by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology).
Effect of discretization method of a computational domain on particle separation in a cyclone separator
Authors: Wasilewski Marek , Ligus Grzegorz
Published: July 2018

This paper reports the results of a study into the effect of the selection of a method of discretization of the computational domain on the solid particles separation process in a cyclone separator. The selection of an optimum discretization method to be implemented in a computational domain forms a particularly important task during analysis using CFD. The process of discretization largely affects the precision of the results gained using the CFD models as well as independence of the results on the mesh density and duration of the computations. The comparative analysis was performed on the basis of the results of experimental and numerical research with regard to the separation efficiency and pressure drop. It was observed that the computational domains generated on the basis of hexagonal meshes provide the best conformity of the results in terms of the separation efficiency, which is the key parameter applied to assess the quality of a cyclone separator.
Short review on PM-bound water. Its presence in the atmosphere, forms of occurrence and determination by Karl Fischer coulometric titration
Authors: Widziewicz Kamila , Tytła Malwina , Rogula-Kopiec Patrycja , Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta
Published: July 2018

Literature data indicate, that the conversion of secondary PM (particulate matter) precursors are largely controlled by the amount of atmospheric water vapor, and that higher capacity of water accumulation is demonstrated mainly by fine particles of anthropogenic origin, rich in ionic compounds like sulfates, nitrates, ammonia and chlorides, arising for example from biomass incineration processes. Smaller retention capability is however typical for coarse PM particles of natural origin, containing lot of crustal material like aluminosilicates. It is therefore suspect that both – the size of PM particles and the source of its origin will determine its hygroscopicity. The quantitative and qualitative measurements of water contributions in PM for example by means of Karl Fischer titration method could be therefore a good marker of PM origin. Due to analytical limitations the identification of water contents in PM and the differences in water fingerprint between PM collected in different locations is still quite challenging.
The ecological techniques and materials in artistic graphic art
Authors: Winczek Katarzyna , Winczek Jerzy
Published: July 2018

In the paper, against the background of art and ecology associations, formerly and today, modern ecological techniques and materials used in artistic printmaking have been presented. The considerations were related to the culture of past centuries and searching for the threads of ecological thought in philosophy, religion or art. The development of ecological thinking in European art is traced from the Middle Ages to modern times. The trends, concepts and methods of environmental graphics are characterized in the context of development and research of these methods in the world and in Poland. The basic techniques of ecological intaglio (etching, soft varnish, aquatint, chipping, photopolymer techniques and electrolytic etching) are discussed. Alternative materials and procedures were proposed based on literature and authors’ own research. The advantages and benefits of using these techniques in ecological and workshop aspects were analyzed.