bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role and importance of chemical elements clarks in the practical expanded reproduction of mineral resources
Authors:   Satbayev University, Bitimbayev M.Zh. , Rysbekov K.B. ,   Satbayev University, Akhmetkanov D.K. ,   Satbayev University, Kunayev M.S. ,   MK - Metals Holding LLP, Lozynskyi V.H. ,   Dnipro University of Technology, Elemesov К.К. ,   Satbayev University
Published: September 2023

Mankind will always need metallic minerals. Despite of reduction of specific consumption, of increase both volumes of their reuse, and increase in strength qualities and wear resistance, of addition to metal alloys of synthetic materials, and also of transition to artificial atomic assembly of the necessary chemical elements from natural rocks and their constituent minerals and synthesis of metals from ocean water, offshore placers and bottom deposits in the future, extraction of ore from massif of earth crust will be the basic source of supply of demanded minerals. Based on these immutable postulates, we have made a comprehensive analysis of the existing geochemical patterns, the accumulation of mineral matter suitable for use as minerals. The origin of the planets of the Solar system with the condensation of the gas-dust cloud, which, in turn, as a result of adiabatic compression turned into planets of the Earth type and the asteroid belt with meteorites, was the reason for the same distribution of chemical elements in the Sun, in meteorites and in the Earth crust. We considered the anthropogenic-technical possibilities of mankind on the maximum depth of development of the continental part of the Earth's crust, the minimum industrial content (which will change over time towards reduction), the amount of minerals according to the clark in that part of the continental Earth's crust which is possible for industrial use with the objective restrictions, we determined the reserves of the demanded chemical elements. Calculations show their sufficiency for many years to come, but it will be the reserves in the deposits of a new type, created by objective geochemical regularities acting in nature, but not considered at present. Particular attention should be paid to the analytical generalization of mineral content at the micro- and nanoscale, which are currently not defined, being unaccounted reserves within well above the clark content at the minimum industrial level. The use of clarks and other geochemical patterns in the Earth's crust will require the creation of new analytical capabilities in exploration, new technological solutions for the extraction and processing of minerals from deposits of a new type, which are briefly described in the paper and are the subject of a more detailed and evidence-based description in the development of this article.
Petrography of secondary quartzites at the Alkamergen deposit (Pavlodar region)
Authors:   Satbayev University, Bekbotayeva A. , Baibatsha A. ,   Satbayev University, Shikhov D. ,   Satbayev University, Baisalova A. ,   Satbayev University, Omarova G. ,   Satbayev University, Duchmal-Chernikevich A. ,   Adam Mickiewicz University
Published: September 2023

This paper presents the results of studying the features of formation and mineral composition of secondary quartzites of the Alkamergen deposit (Pavlodar region) through mineralogical and petrographic studies of samples on an automated diffractometer. The hydrothermal-altered rocks of the deposit, which are represented by medium-temperature secondary quartzites of the alunite facies, have been studied. The results of the research made it possible to establish the genetic features of the formation of the Alkamergen deposit. In terms of rock composition and ore mineralization, this object is a typical representative of acid-sulfate type deposits.
New opportunities for the development of the coal industry: technology of waste gas purification from SO2, NOX, CO2
Authors:   Satbayev University, Dosmukhamedov N.K. , Zholdasbay E.E. ,   Satbayev University, Egizekov M.G. ,   Satbayev University
Published: September 2023

Based on a brief overview and analysis of global trends and the development of the coal industry, the article examines the causes and factors constraining the provision of conditions for the sustainable development of the industry. It is shown that despite the negative consequences resulting from the burning of coal, it remains the main cheap and widespread source of energy. The current state of the global coal industry is analyzed and ways of solving its further effective development are shown. One of the key solutions for the development of the coal industry is to reduce the environmental burden of harmful gases (SO2, NOx, CO2). A significant reserve for the development of the coal industry could be the involvement of high-calorie low-ash cheap coals. However, this requires the development and implementation of highly efficient, innovative technologies for deep purification of waste gases of TTP from SO2, NOx, CO2. One of such solutions is a new technology of complex deep purification of waste gases of the TTP, providing a high level of utilization of SO2, NOx, CO2 with the production of commercial products.
Study of complex processing of 10-160 mm grade chromium tailings by encapsulation in GreenCrete™ composite sulfur concrete
Authors:   Gubkin Engineering and Technical Center, Bussygin I.G. , Kuldeyev Ye.I. ,   Satbayev University, Bondarenko I.V. ,   Satbayev University, Volkov A.V. ,   Satbayev University, Khayrutdinova D.D. ,   Satbayev University
Published: September 2023

In recent years, methods of utilization of lumpy mineral raw materials of chromium production by encapsulation with modified sulfur from substandard grades of oil to obtain sulfur concrete have become increasingly popular. A significant amount of lumpy waste with a low content of Cr2O3 (~ 5-7% w/w) is formed when Kazakhstani chrome raw materials are processed by gravitation methods, and they can only be used as backfill in mine construction or as a component in building and road-building mixtures. Wastes from chromium deposits in Kazakhstan are located in close proximity to oil deposits in the Aktobe region, which are characterized by a high content of sulfur-containing heavy oils, which can be jointly disposed of in the form of sulfur concrete. Composite material - sulfur concrete is produced based on sulfur polymer binder - GreenCrete™ modified sulfur under GOST R 56249-2014. The possibilities of the sulfur-concrete composite formation process for the use of beneficiation tails of 10-160 mm class chromium raw material as inert materials have been studied. The characteristics of the samples obtained during the tests allow us to draw conclusions about the relatively successful encapsulation of chromium production waste in an amount of 15% by weight of the sample with the formation of sulfur concrete of the M400 class, while with a 10% content of materials for enrichment of chromium raw materials, the M500 indicator was achieved.
About the metallogeny of Kazakhstan and its significance for the forecast of mineral deposits
Authors:   Satbayev University, Rakishev B.M.
Published: September 2023

The metallogeny of Kazakhstan is considered from the standpoint of the concept of the Earth's crust stepwise development and geotectonogens. Using examples, new regularities are established that significantly complement the well-known scientific and theoretical ideas about metallogeny and the forecast of minerals, which have not previously been given due attention. Currently, for many priority types of minerals, especially those that are city-forming, there is already an acute shortage. Therefore, the replenishment of mineral reserves is an extremely urgent and important task for the country. In solving the problem, the predictive-metallogenic direction of the metallogenic school of Kazakhstan, which was foundet by K.I. Satpaev. We have described new regularities in the formation and distribution of mineral deposits, especially unconventional ones. In selected promising areas, nodes and areas, large-scale integrated forecasting and prospecting and exploration work is proposed. Considering the established patterns, special attention is paid to the ore content of the Precambrian, Volcanogenic belts, Weathering crusts and stratiform mineralization. The role of predictive metallogenic studies of regional, special and local is shown, with an analysis of existing and new materials based on the latest scientific ideas. The use of advanced technologies will make it possible to establish new patterns of the deposit’s development in time and space, to identify new, including non-traditional ore-bearing areas for Kazakhstan.
Prospects for the development of mineral resources of the largest mining enterprises in the short and long term periods of their activity. Part I. Copper, iron
Authors:   Eurasian Group LLP, Akylbekov S.A. , Uzhkenov B.S. ,   Academy of Mineral resources of Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: September 2023

On the basis of stock and published materials, the article reveals some potential of the earth's interior of the Republic, showing the possibility of expanding the mineral resource base of existing mining enterprises by reassessing and reassessing near-surface and searching for new deposits of medium and large depths. In the future, the creation of new territorial industrial complexes in some ore regions of Kazakhstan on the basis of approved reserves and projected mineral resources is not excluded. It is noted that: for copper, in addition to copper-porphyry, there are great prospects for identifying coppery sandstones and shales; according to iron assessment, numerous geological and geophysical anomalies that have not been sufficiently or not studied at all, which have prospects for searching for deposits of both shallow, medium and large depths; It is recommended to reinterpret materials over the area of a large number of ore body outcrops, collapses and ore occurrences and consider them as criteria for prospecting for either deep deposits or placer prospecting; for bauxite raw materials - significant reserves are projected in areas of known deposits and ore occurrences, certain reserves can be identified in deposits of mining and mining chemical raw materials and, most importantly, analyze materials on depressions with coal deposits, under which large and super-large (unique) Аl2О3 resources can be concentrated, as well as pay special attention to non-bauxite aluminum raw materials, where researchers predicted billions of dollars in reserves Аl2О3. It is concluded that existing and newly created enterprises will be provided with raw materials for many years.
Preparation, purification and dissolution of molybdenum oxychloride compounds in water
Authors:   National Center for Integrated Processing of Mineral Raw Materials, Osipov P.A. , Shayakhmetova R.A. ,   National Center for Integrated Processing of Mineral Raw Materials, Sagyndykov A.B. ,   National Center for Integrated Processing of Mineral Raw Materials
Published: September 2023

Expansion of the fields of application of molybdenum and its compounds of high purity requires the study of their various purification methods. The paper considers low-temperature chlorination of technical molybdenum dioxide, purification of the gas mixture from impurities in the filter system, condensation and dissolution of purified molybdenum oxychloride compounds in water. On filters made of tableted sodium chloride, gaseous molybdenum dioxide is purified from aluminum, iron, chromium and nickel with the formation of low-volatile compounds. The capture of silicon by this filter was not detected. Purification of tungsten on filters of granular molybdenum oxide practically does not occur. Purified molybdenum oxychloride compounds are desublimated in the form of compact and fluffy products with an underestimated chlorine content relative to the stoichiometric composition of molybdenum dioxide. Compact molybdenum oxychloride compounds dissolve in distilled water with little or no precipitation. When dissolving fluffy compounds of molybdenum, a tangible precipitate is formed, into which a significant part of the impurities passes.
A review of experiments with the aim of eliminating high amounts of phosphorus in the composition of Lisakovsk concentrate
Authors:   Karaganda Industrial University, Mukhametkhan Ye. , Mukhametkhan М. ,   Karaganda Industrial University, Zhabalova G.G. ,   Karaganda Industrial University, Tleugabulov S.M. ,   Karaganda Industrial University, Kovalev D.A. ,   National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine, Koishina G.M. ,   Satbayev University
Published: September 2023

Currently, the Lisakovsk field is one of the raw material bases of ArcelorMittal Temirtau JSC. However, at present, their use in metallurgical production is limited due to the high content of phosphorus. It was found that phosphorus in lisakov concentrate is present in the form of various minerals (ooliths, vivianite, hydrogetite) and compounds (iron phosphates, hydrated phosphorus components). By reacting with the gaseous compounds of these different iron phosphates, conditions can be created to reduce excess phosphorus. This article discusses the thermodynamic interaction of iron phosphate with various gaseous components.

The object of the study is the Lisakov gravitational-magnetic concentrate, which contains up to 0.7% phosphorus. Phosphorus in the composition of phosphorus gravitational-magnetic concentrate is added to the mineral vivianite, which represents the compound of hydrogetite with phosphorus pentaoxide. When oxidized to a temperature of 900-1000°C, iron phosphate breaks down into iron oxide and phosphorus pentaoxide. The released phosphorus pentaoxide is a chemically active and mobile substance. Thus, in the future, this phosphorus pentaoxide may undergo decomposition under certain conditions. Considering the insufficiently studied mechanism of annealing and leaching, as well as the shortcomings of the proposed technologies, initiative studies of pyrogydrometallurgical technology for removing phosphorus peroxide content in the Lisakovsk enrichment using annealing and leaching with sulfuric acid were carried out.
Optimization of the electrothermal production of ferrosilicon from the leaching tailings of the oxidized copper ore of Almaly
Authors:   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan university, Nurpeisova А. , Shevko V. ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan university, Aitkulov D. ,   National Center on complex processing of mineral raw materials, Kushakova L. ,   Eastern Research Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals
Published: September 2023

The increase in the integrated use of oxidized and mixed copper ores largely depends on the creation of a technology that allows not only to extract copper, but also to obtain marketable products from non-metallic components. The article presents the results of experimental studies of electric melting of leaching tailings of copper oxidized ore of the Almaly deposit containing by weight, %: 70.9 SiO2, 15.9 Al2O3, 2.1 MaO, 2.4 CaO, 3.6 K2O, 2.2 Na2O, 2.0 Fe2O3, 0.4 TiO2, 0.2 BaO, 0.2 CuO to obtain ferrosilicon. The studies were carried out using a single-electrode single-phase arc furnace with adjustable power, as well as the method of rotatable second-order research (Box-Hunter plan). The influence of the amount of coke and steel chips on the degree of silicon extraction into the alloy and its grade was determined. It was found that with a constant amount of coke, an increase in the charge of steel chips increases the extraction of silicon into the ferroalloy and reduces the concentration of Si in it. The influence of coke on the behavior of silicon has a lesser effect. Based on the obtained volumetric and planar images of changes in the extraction of silicon into the alloy and its composition, geometric optimization of the process was carried out. It was found that ferrosilicon grade FeSi25 with the extraction of 70-75% silicon in it is formed in the presence of 30-31.3% coke, 31.3-32.0% steel chips. To obtain ferrosilicon of the FeSi45 brand, with the extraction of 70-76% silicon, the amount of coke should be 32.2-36.3%, and steel chips 25.6-28.3% of the mass of the brags; in the presence of 24-25.2% of steel chips, 30.7-36.3% of coke, ferrosilicon of the FeSi50 brand should be smelted from the tailings.
Physico-chemical studies of technogenic gold-containing wastes of the Aksu deposit
Authors:   D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Kazieva N.K. , Seraya N.V. ,   D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Yulussov S.B. ,   Satbayev University, Khabiyev A.T. ,   Satbayev University, Merkibayev Y.S. ,   Satbayev University
Published: September 2023

To develop a comprehensive technology for processing technogenic gold-containing waste, a representative sample of technogenic mineral formations of the Aksu deposits was selected. The average representative sample was studied using chemical, X-ray phase, mineralogical, X-ray spectral and electron microscopic analysis methods. The article presents physico-chemical studies of gold-bearing technogenic mineral formations of the Aksu deposit. According to the results of X-ray phase analysis, it was found that the main phase components are the following minerals: α-quartz - 63.2%, barite - 26.8%, muscovite - 6.3% and gypsum - 3.8%. Electron probe scanning revealed the presence of gold in the form of thin inclusions in rock-forming minerals. With the help of rational analysis, it was found that the proportion of free gold in the form of accretions with ore components in them is 7.18%. It was found that the main part of gold - 64.7% - is in the sulfide sample in the form of films coated with quartz, iron hydroxides, carbonates, chlorites and other minerals. According to the results of assay and atomic adsorption, gold in technogenic mineral formations varies from 1.11 to 1.28 g/t. The sieve analysis of technogenic mineral formations of the Aksu deposit showed that the initial sample is mainly represented by a class of -0.25+0.074 mm. Based on the data of analytical studies, it can be seen that the studied samples of stale tails of TMOS are a rather complex object for extracting gold, which is associated with the above-described features of the material composition. As well as the thin inclusiveness of gold in sulfides determine the persistent nature of the raw material under study. The results obtained in the physico-chemical study of technogenic mineral formations of the Aksu deposit will become the basis for choosing the technology for processing this raw material.
Obtaining fine-grained hard alloys homogeneous in carbide grain
Authors:   National Center for Integrated Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Terlikbaeva A.Zh. , Alimzhanova A.M. ,   National Center for Integrated Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Shayakhmetova R.A. ,   National Center for Integrated Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Mukhametzhanova А.А. ,   National Center for Integrated Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Maldybaev G.K. ,   National Center for Integrated Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Sakhova B.T. ,   National Center for Integrated Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kuandykova A.N. ,   National Center for Integrated Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Eremeeva Zh.V. ,   University of Science and Technology MISIS
Published: September 2023

The actual task of this work is to obtain homogeneous hard alloys with fine carbide grains, combining high hardness and strength. Studies were carried out to establish the most favorable phase compositions of hard alloys and the most rational technical methodology for their production. In this research work, a nanostructured WC-TiC-Co powder charge was obtained by mechanochemical synthesis. Nanosized WC powder and nanopowder with precipitated Co were added to the hard alloy charge by mixing in a ball planetary mill. The process of pressing the powder charge at a pressure of 100-1000 MPa, as well as the sintering process at a temperature within the range of 1450-1600℃ was applied. The chemical-metallurgical method of deposition of metal layers from salt solutions was applied to obtain the WC-Co hard alloy. X-ray structural analysis and scanning electron microscopy were applied. The effect of the preparation method on the phase composition of WC-TiC-Co consolidated samples was studied. In the microstructure of these hard alloys, intercrystalline particles of (Ti,W)C are observed, and the presence of the liquid phase can lead to a rounded shape. It was found that the addition of nano-sized WC powder leads to an increase in pressed density. It was revealed that the addition of WC nanosize additives or WC nanopowder with deposited cobalt makes it possible to obtain a fine-grained structure with a grain size of not more than 4-6 microns. It was found that the addition of WC nanopowder with precipitated cobalt to the alloy has the highest Brinell hardness values; in addition, it leads to an increase in the bending strength.
River runoff resources of the Shu-Talas water management basin in the context of climate change
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Safina A.U.
Published: September 2023

This article analyzes the change in the flow of the rivers of the Shu-Talas water management basin, considering climate change. During the study, linear trends in river flow were compiled, as well as meteorological parameters such as annual precipitation and average temperature in the basin region. The data were obtained from the annual collections of RSE «Kazhydromet» with further statistical processing. Data from 9 gauging stations of the considered basin and 9 meteorological stations closest to the basin were subjected to analysis. The materials obtained can be practically significant for long-term planning and development of large-scale measures for the integrated use, protection of water resources and solving complex problems of water supply in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Ventajas, inconvenientes y retos COVID-19: profesorado en lenguas extranjeras de Costa Rica
Authors: Chao Chao Kuok Wa
Published: September 2023

En el 2020, como consecuencia de la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19, se produjeron cambios en el ámbito educativo. El profesorado (hombres y mujeres) tuvo que adaptarse a una enseñanza remota de emergencia. Esta investigación buscó comprender las experiencias del personal docente en lenguas extranjeras en relación con las ventajas, los inconvenientes o dificultades y los retos en torno a la enseñanza remota de emergencia. Se trató de una investigación de enfoque mixto exploratorio con diseño transversal en la cual participaron 109 docentes que respondieron a un cuestionario en línea y participaron en grupos de discusión. Se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Entre los resultados iniciales, se observaron algunas ventajas: ahorro de tiempo en desplazamientos, uso de herramientas tecnológicas en clase, estar con la familia, etc. Respecto a los inconvenientes y las dificultades, se identificaron el aumento de la carga laboral, los problemas con la red, la falta de interacción, la generación de estrés, etc. También hubo retos, entre los cuales destacaron el mantenimiento de la motivación del estudiantado en el aula y la formación continua del profesorado en herramientas tecnológicas. Se concluye que la enseñanza remota de emergencia cambia los modelos tradicionales de enseñanza en lenguas extranjeras.
Evaluación formativa: tableta y estudiantes con trastorno del espectro autista
Authors: Gómez León María Isabel
Published: September 2023

La reciente implementación de las tabletas digitales en la planificación educativa de los estudiantes (hombres y mujeres) con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) implica nuevas modalidades de evaluación. La evaluación formativa permite al profesor regular la enseñanza observando metódicamente a los estudiantes para ajustar las intervenciones pedagógicas y las situaciones didácticas de manera más individual y sistemática. La tableta digital facilita esta labor brindando una retroalimentación continua e inmediata que beneficia tanto a los docentes como a los alumnos. Sin embargo, el uso de este tipo de tecnología representa un desafío para los profesionales de la educación, lo que dificulta significativamente el proceso de evaluación. El objetivo de este estudio es sintetizar los límites y las dificultades encontrados por parte de los profesionales a lo largo de su evaluación formativa en el uso de las tabletas digitales como herramienta educativa en estudiantes con TEA. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ERIC, IEEE Xplore y ACM Digital Library siguiendo los criterios establecidos en la declaración PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses). Los profesionales refieren mayoritariamente problemas relacionados con los efectos de las herramientas digitales en los niños o la dificultad del docente en saber discriminar, a través de la multitud de productos disponibles, «qué funciona» y «por qué». Se analiza la evidencia empírica relacionada con las dificultades halladas y se discuten los resultados, pretendiendo dar una respuesta de base científica a los problemas prácticos descritos por los docentes, relacionados con la implementación de estas tecnologías en el aula.
Urban property tax and public finances in the municipality of Isidro Ayora - Ecuador
Authors: Moran-Cercado Deysi Maribel , Moreira-Cañarte Mercy , Barcia-Villamar Fabian
Published: September 2023

One of the most important municipal taxes paid annually is the urban property tax, the collection of which will be of great contribution to pay for public works that a community demands. The research was carried out with the objective of analyzing the collection of urban property tax that contributes to the public finances of the Decentralized Autonomous Government of Isidro Ayora canton, therefore, the factors that had been presented to influence its collection were diagnosed. The methodology used is non-experimental and uses a mixed quali-quantitative approach with descriptive, correlational and empirical methods, and the techniques used were a survey of 358 taxpayers and an interview with the head of revenue, which showed that there is a strong relationship between property tax and public finances, There are also internal factors that are based on the collection processes, on the other hand, external factors such as the low tax culture and economic resources that the users have, in conclusion, the property tax is important within the public finances to pay for the works in a community, there are also negative factors that influence the compliance with the payment based on the urban property tax.
Incidence of pesticides on the quality of Solanum Lycopersicum tomato in the supply of retail markets in the city of Lima, Peru
Authors: Montaño-Roldan Victor Lenin , Borda Luna Benjamín Emerson , Ortiz Porras Jorge Enrique , Guerrero Moncada Carlos Rubén
Published: September 2023

The objective of this research article was to describe the incidence of pesticides on the quality of Solanum Lycopersicum tomatoes in the supply of retail markets in the city of Lima, Peru, by consulting updated bibliographic sources related to the subject under study. The methodology used was documentary analysis, with a general descriptive and descriptive approach. The search for information was carried out by means of an initial selection based on the abstracts and titles of the available information, identifying potentially eligible articles in the different Google Scholar and SciELO databases. The population consisted of 25 documents registered under the format of articles/books consulted, selected through criteria, being conformed by a total of six (06) documents. It has been found in the bibliographic review that the use of pesticides in tomato, not only affects its quality, but also that of traders and the ecosystem itself; however, it was found that the expenses produced by the investment lead the farmer to look for mechanisms to increase his profit, such as the use of substances that can reduce the pests that naturally affect this type of vegetable. It was discovered that growers lack techniques for spraying, and that spraying is carried out profusely, as well as inadequate post-harvest vegetable handling techniques. Finally, it was determined that there are factors that are considered as determinants of tomato quality such as characteristics; firmness, durability, uniformity and area of origin; however, in most retail markets this denomination is identified more with commercial aspects.
PENSÃO ALIMENTÍCIA PARA MAIORES DE IDADE
Authors: Pádua Liana Costa
Published: September 2023

A presente pesquisa apresenta uma análise geral do instituto dos alimentos, expondo o seu conceito, natureza, fundamento, classificação e pressupostos, bem como as providências para garantir o adimplemento da obrigação alimentar. Tem como objetivo, de maneira mais específica, demonstrar que a maioridade, por si só, não gera automaticamente a exoneração do dever dos pais de prestar alimentos aos filhos, pois tal obrigação persiste enquanto existir o binômio necessidade do alimentado e possibilidade financeira do alimentante. Assim, são analisadas as hipóteses em que os filhos maiores têm direito ao recebimento da verba alimentar. Toda a abordagem é feita com base na legislação brasileira, doutrina e jurisprudência.
GESTIÓN DE INVENTARIO
Authors: Silva Ana Paula Teixeira da , Coutinho Diogenes José Gusmão
Published: September 2023

Un Plan de Marketing es, ante todo, un documento en el que una empresa escribe y detalla todas las estrategias para promocionar una marca, producto o servicio. Contiene las acciones de marketing que se deben realizar para lograr cada objetivo especificado. Además, también se encuentra información sobre el mercado, los competidores, la personalidad, los canales de venta y el presupuesto. Como puedes ver, el Plan de Marketing no es más que una guía de crecimiento de la empresa. Con él, estará armado con todos los datos necesarios para poder implementar estrategias de marketing de manera efectiva. También permite al director de marketing tener una visión amplia del escenario y las acciones.
PRECLINICAL CARDIOTOXICITY IN SYSTEMIC TREATMENT OF RESECTABLE BREAST CANCER
Authors:   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, S. V. Chernyak , Ye. V. Kovsh ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, M. V. Chernevskaya ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, T. V. Sevruk ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, T. V. Gorbat ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, L. V. Rachok ,   Belarusian State Medical University, N. N. Akhmed ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Oncology and Medical Radiology named after N.N.Alexandrov, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, O. S. Pavlova ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Published: September 2023

Study of cancer patients and assessment of the cardiotoxicity risk of chemotoxic drugs has been performed using the following diagnostic methods: echocardiography with assessment of global myocardial deformation, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, analysis of cardiac biomarkers and arterial stiffness. Application of the mentioned methods allowed to detect subclinical heart and vascular lesions before the appearance of clinical symptoms in patients resectable breast cancer and systemic treatment.
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INJURY IN COVID-19 PATIENTS: PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS CONSIDERATIONS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, A. A. Pleshko ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center Cardiology, Minsk, Belarus, E. B. Petrova ,   Belarusian State Medical University,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center Cardiology, Minsk, Belarus, E. A. Grigorenko ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center Cardiology, Minsk, Belarus,   Belarusian State Medical University, T. V. Gorbat ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center Cardiology, Minsk, Belarus, S. V. Gunich ,   4th City Clinical Hospital named after M.J. Saŭčanka, Minsk, Belarus, N. P. Mitkovskaya ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center Cardiology, Minsk, Belarus,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: September 2023

In the light of COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, cardiovascular complications become a medical and social problem, the significance of which increases in the post-acute phase. Cardiovascular events against COVID-19 include both acute ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial injury – up to 21%, acute heart failure, rhythm and conduction disorders (up to 15%), venous (up to 7% in patients in the general department and up to 22% in the intensive care unit) and arterial thrombotic complications (up to 11%). The retrospective analysis of medical records of 10 908 inpatients aged 18 to 90 years, who were treated from June 01, 2020 to May 31, 2021 in The 4th City Clinical Hospital named after M.J. Saŭčanka was performed. Prevalence of myocardial injury developed against the background of SARS-CoV-2 was 5.28% (n = 576), it was observed in patients of different age groups, including those without previous cardiovascular history. The article presents an analysis of current worldwide data on pathogenetic aspects of acute myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19. It is noted that cardiac MRI is an effective, accurate and noninvasive method of differential diagnosis of ischemic and inflammatory myocardial injury in COVID-19. The algorithm for differential diagnostics of acute myocardial injury in this category of patients is proposed.
THE CONCEPT OF HARM REDUCTION FROM NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE RISK FACTORS AS THE BASIS OF THE NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors:   Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Technologies, Informatization, Management and Health Economics, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, D. Ruzanov , I. Malakhova ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Technologies, Informatization, Management and Health Economics, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, A. Semyonov ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Technologies, Informatization, Management and Health Economics, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, V. Pisarik ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Technologies, Informatization, Management and Health Economics, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Published: September 2023

Non-communicable diseases have become a global challenge in recent years, and their prevalence is significantly affecting countries worldwide, including the Republic of Belarus. These diseases are influenced by various factors such as behavior, genetics, environment, and social conditions, all of which contribute to the increased likelihood of disease development, progression, and unfavorable outcomes. Risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases include smoking, alcohol abuse, and excessive consumption of salt and sugar. In Belarus, there is a high prevalence of these risk factors, leading to increased morbidity, disability, and mortality rates. Therefore, it is crucial to address the prevention and mitigation of the impact of these risk factors on the human body. A modern approach to tackling non-communicable diseases involves the prevention and control of these risk factors. The purpose of this study is to establish and develop the key principles of a concept for reducing harm caused by specific risk factors of non-communicable diseases, such as tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, and excessive salt and sugar consumption. This concept will serve as the foundation for the national public health policy of the Republic of Belarus. The justification for developing a harm reduction concept stems from assessing the consequences of the high prevalence of non-communicable diseases and their associated risk factors in Belarus. Furthermore, the study considers global theoretical frameworks, scientific debates on harm reduction, and analysis of successful practices implemented in other countries. We have developed the key provisions of the Harm Reduction Concept and outlined its prospects for subsequent inclusion in the state program “People’s Health and Demographic Security.” Additionally, we have formulated recommendations for regulators based on regulatory differentiation.
Bottom fishery impact generates tracer peaks easily confused with bioturbation traces
Authors: Forster Stefan , Runkel Claudia , Lemke Josephin , Pülm Laura , Powilleit Martin
Published: September 2023

Abstract. In the process of reworking sediments and thus shaping biogeochemical processes, marine bottom dwelling animals are thought to play a pivotal role in many benthic environments. This aspect of bioturbation (particle reworking) is often partitioned into short distance local and non-local transport acting over relatively longer distances. Here we document that subsurface peaks, such as those typically attributed to biological particle transport in sediments, may equally be generated by otter boards in bottom trawling fishery. Boards can generate tracer peaks whereby they scoop sediment from the surface, flip it over and deposit it onto the adjacent sea floor. These peaks are indistinguishable from those (presumably) generated by benthic fauna in a process whereby. We demonstrate this for the particle tracer chlorophyll a in silty sand from the Western Baltic Sea with fauna that generally does not burrow deep in a global comparison. Our inability to distinguish the driving processes generating the peaks indicates limits to our understanding of magnitude and spatial extend of bioturbation traces in this environment. It also poses a problem to the assessment of fishery resource use and benthic ecosystem services. However, we can clearly identify macrofauna and not otter boards as the cause for peaks at the sites investigated here.
Time-varying drainage basin development and erosion on volcanic edifices
Authors: O'Hara Daniel , Goren Liran , van Wees Roos M. J. , Campforts Benjamin , Grosse Pablo , Lahitte Pierre , Kereszturi Gabor , Kervyn Matthieu
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The erosional state of a landscape is often assessed through a series of metrics that quantify the morphology of drainage basins and divides. Such metrics have been well-explored in tectonically-active environments to evaluate the role of different processes in sculpting topography, yet relatively few works have applied these analyses to radial landforms such as volcanoes. We quantify drainage basin geometries on volcanic edifices of varying ages using common metrics (e.g., Hack’s Law, drainage density, number of basins that reach the edifice summit, as well as basin hypsometry integral, length, width, relief, and average topographic slope). Relating these measurements to the log-mean age of activity for each edifice, we find that drainage density, basin hypsometry, basin length, and basin width quantify the degree of erosional maturity for these landforms. We also explore edifice drainage basin growth and competition by conducting a divide mobility analysis on the volcanoes, finding that young volcanoes are characterized by nearly-uniform basin geometries in unstable configurations that are prone to divide migration. Finally, we analyze basin spatial geometries and outlet spacing on edifices, discovering an evolution in radial basin configurations that differ from typical linear mountain ranges. From these, we present a novel conceptual model for edifice degradation that allows new interpretations of composite volcano histories and provides predictive quantities for edifice morphologic evolution.
Disappearing day-of-week ozone patterns in US nonattainment areas
Authors: Simon Heather , Hogrefe Christian , Whitehill Andrew , Foley Kristen M. , Liljegren Jennifer , Possiel Norm , Wells Benjamin , Henderson Barron H. , Valin Lukas C. , Tonnesen Gail , Appel K. Wyat , Koplitz Shannon
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Past work has shown that traffic patterns in the US and resulting NOX emissions vary by day of week, with NOX emissions typically higher on weekdays than weekends. This pattern of emissions leads to different levels of ozone on weekends versus weekdays and can be leveraged to understand how local ozone formation changes in response to NOX emissions perturbations in different urban areas. Specifically, areas with lower NOX but higher ozone on the weekends (the weekend effect) can be characterized as NOX -saturated and areas with both lower NOX and ozone on weekends (the weekday effect) can be characterized as NOX-limited. In this analysis we assess ozone weekend-weekday differences across US nonattainment areas using 18 years of observed and modeled data from 2002–2019 using two metrics: mean ozone and percentage of days > 70 ppb. In addition, we quantify the modeled and observed trends in these weekend-weekday differences across this period of substantial NOX emissions reductions in the US. The model assessment is carried out using EPA’s Air QUAlity TimE Series Project (EQUATES) CMAQ dataset. We identify 3 types of ozone trends occuring across the US: disappearing weekend effect, disappearing weekday effect, and no trend. The disappearing weekend effect occurs in a subset of large urban areas that were NOX -saturated (i.e., VOC-limited) at the beginning of the analysis period but transitioned to mixed chemical regimes or NOX-limited conditions by the end of the analysis period. Nine areas have disappearing weekend effect trends in both datasets and with both metrics indicating strong agreement that they are shifting to more NOX-limited conditions: Milwaukee, Houston, Phoenix, Denver, Northern Wasatch Front, Southern Wasatch Front, Las Vegas, Los Angeles – San Bernardino County, Los Angeles – South Coast, and San Diego. The disappearing weekday effect was identified for multiple rural and agricultural areas of California which were NOX -limited for the entire analysis period but appear to become less influenced by local day of week emission patterns in more recent years. Finally, we discuss a variety of reasons why there are no statistically significant trends in certain areas including complex impacts of heterogeneous source mixes and stochastic impacts of meteorology. Overall, this assessment finds that the EQUATES modeling simulations indicate more NOX-saturated conditions than the observations but do a good job of capturing year-to-year changes in weekend-weekday ozone patterns.
Partial melting of amphibole–clinozoisite eclogite at the pressure maximum (eclogite type locality, Eastern Alps, Austria)
Authors: Schorn Simon , Rogowitz Anna , Hauzenberger Christoph A.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Pristine amphibole–clinozoisite eclogite from within the eclogite type locality (Hohl, Koralpe) of the Eastern Alps in Austria preserves centimetre-thick, concordant, laterally continuous leucocratic segregations of coarse-grained (up to ∼ 1 cm grain diameter) euhedral amphibole–clinozoisite–quartz and disseminated garnet–omphacite–rutile. The segregations locally show selvedges dominated by coarse-grained amphibole at the interface with their host eclogite. Retrogression is limited to thin films of texturally late plagioclase ± amphibole and minor symplectites of diopside–plagioclase partially replacing omphacite. Mineral compositions are largely homogeneous except for clinozoisite, which is significantly enriched in Fe3+, rare-earth and high-field-strength elements in the rock matrix compared to that in segregations. Petrography, mineral chemical data and phase diagram modelling are interpreted in terms of limited melting under high-aH2O conditions, at or close to the well-established pressure maximum (21 ± 3 kbar and 680–740 ∘C), followed by melt crystallization near these conditions. Exsolution of melt-dissolved H2O led to the formation of the amphibole-rich selvedges at the leucosome–eclogite interface. Plagioclase ± amphibole/clinopyroxene films formed at lower pressure from final melt vestiges adhering to grain boundaries or from secondary fluid–rock interaction. Natural variability in rock composition and the bulk oxidation state leads to variable mineral modes and calculated high-pressure solidus temperatures for compositional end-members sampled at Hohl. Modelling suggests that oxidized conditions (XFe3+<0.5) favour hydrated but refractory amphibole–clinozoisite-rich assemblages with a fluid-present solidus temperature of ∼ 740 ∘C at 20 kbar, whereas more reduced conditions (XFe3+∼0.2) yield “true” eclogites (> 80 vol % garnet + omphacite) that commence melting at ∼ 720 ∘C at the same pressure. The interlayering of such eclogites potentially constitutes a fluid source–sink couple under appropriate pressure–temperature conditions, favouring fluid transfer from neighbouring dehydrating layers to melt-bearing ones down gradients in the chemical potential of H2O (μH2O). Phase diagram calculations show that for moderate degrees of fluid-fluxed melting (≤ 10 vol % melt) near the pressure maximum, the observed equilibrium assemblage is preserved, provided the melt is subsequently removed from the source rock. The resulting hydrous melts may be, in part, parents to similar eclogite-hosted pegmatitic segregations described in the eclogite type locality. We suggest that eclogites with a comparable composition and metamorphic history are however unlikely to produce voluminous melts.
Missing the (Tipping) Point: The Role of Climate Tipping Points on Public Risk Perceptions in Norway
Authors: Nadeau Christina , Milkoreit Manjana , Eriksen Thomas Hylland , Hessen Dag Olav
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Climate tipping points are a topic of growing interest in climate research as well as a frequent communication tool in the media to warn of dangerous climate change. Despite indications that several climate tipping points may be triggered within the Paris Agreement temperature range of 1.5 °C to well below 2 °C warming above pre-industrial levels, there is limited understanding of the level of public understanding of climate tipping points, the effects this knowledge may have on perceptions of risk related to climate change, and the corresponding behavioural and policy support implications. The emerging scholarship on learning, communication, and risk perceptions related to climate tipping points provides confounding evidence regarding the psychological and behavioural effects of information about climate tipping points. It remains unknown whether and under what conditions this knowledge increases concern, urgency perceptions and action intentions, or whether it might overwhelm audiences, inducing fatalism and withdrawal from public engagement. In this study, we assess the current state of knowledge about climate tipping points among Norwegians using a nationally representative survey. We study the comparative effects of communicating about climate tipping points and climate change more generally on risk perceptions among participants with a survey-embedded experiment. We find low levels of knowledge regarding climate tipping points (<20 %). Information about tipping points had somewhat stronger effects on participants’ risk perceptions compared to general information about climate change, moderately increasing concern. We discuss our findings, and the implications, and suggest directions for further research.