bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KINERJA PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PROGRAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Nikoyan Anas , Alwi La Ode , Yasnoni Yasnoni
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAKPT. ANTAM Tbk UBPN SULTRA merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang eksplorasi bahan-bahan tambang seperti nikel, emas dan perak, serta bauksit.Desa Hakatutobu  merupakan salah satu wilayah yang terdapat di Kecamatan Pomalaa Kabupaten Kolaka yang berada dekat dengan PT. ANTAM Tbk UBPN SULTRA. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam program corporate social responsibility (CSR). penelitian ini menggunakan metode Sample Random Sampling denganpengambilan sampel secara acak,dengan populasinya adalah masyarakat Desa Hakatutobu yang berada dikawasan binaan perusahaan PT. ANTAM Tbk UBPN SULTRA yang berjumlah 303 kepala keluarga (KK). Penentuan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik probability sampling dengan mengambil batas toleransi kesalahan 10% dari jumlah populasi yaitu 75 KK sebagai responden penelitian.Metode analisis yang digunakan untuk memetekan hubungan antara tingkat kinerja dan tingkat kepentingan yaitu metode analisis IPA (Importance Performance Analysis). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan PT. ANTAM Tbk UBPN SULTRA  melaksanakan   kinerja pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam program CSR sudah sangat baik.Dengan adanya pemberdayaan masyarakat ini ,diharapkan agar perusahaan terus memberikan keterampilan kepada masyarakat desa dengan  lebih baik,menempatkan masyarakat menjadi proaktif dalam menentukan arah kemajuan. Kata Kunci: Kinerja perusahaan, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Program CSR dan perusahaan PT. ANTAM Tbk UBPN SULTRA ABSTRACTPT. ANTAM Tbk UBPN SULTRA is a company engaged in the field of exploration of mining materials such as nickel, gold and silver, and bauxite. Hakatutobu Village is one of the areas found in Pomalaa District, Kolaka Regency, which is close to PT. ANTAM Tbk  UBPN  SULRTA. Thepurpose  of  this  research  is to know  the performance empowerment of society in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program. In this research use method Sample Random Sampling with taking sample in a manner random, with population of society in theHakatutobu village is located inarea guided company PT.ANTAM Tbk UBPN SULTRA, which amounts to 303 head family (KK). Determination of the sample use probability sampling technique and take the limit tolerances of the error are 10% from total population 75 household as respondent research.The analytical method used to determine the relationship between performance levels and importance levels is the Importance Performance Analysis method.  The result of this research indicates that company PT. ANTAM Tbk UBPN SULTRA implemented empowerment society in program CSR is very good.  Presences of empowerment society expected that company can give skills to society better. Make society to be proactive in determine direction progress.          Keywords: Performance  Company,  Empowerment  Community,  CSR and Company        Programs PT. ANTAM Tbk UBPN SULTRA.
MODAL SOSIAL PENGELOLAAN HUTAN RAKYAT : STUDI KASUS DI DESA BERJO NGARGOYOSO KARANGANYAR JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Setiyawan Khabib Bima
Published: July 2019

The forest is the source of livelihood of the community around it, forest sustainbility management become important thing to do to ensure the sustainbility of the forest. This research discuss about forest management strategies in the Berjo village, in which consist of three different institutions, they are Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura), Perusahaan Hutan Negara Indonesia (Perhutani), and Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH). the aim of this research is to find out the forest management strategies, methode in this research is qualitaive with case studies approach, this research conducted in the village of Berjo, Karangayar city. Purposive sampling is used to select the respondents. Data collection is done by observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis of the data using the in interactive functional analysis and validation of data using triangulation of sources. The results showed that forest management is achieved by collaboration among Government and non government institutions with their Sosial Bonding Capital which allows for interaction in sharing knowledge as well as glue relations between groups. Social Bonding is owned by LMDH and Tahura are on the intermediate level  which means they obey formal but on the other hand they approach at the level of values, culture, and perception. While the relationship between the LMDH (a unit of BUMN) and Tahura (units of goverment departmen) are on the level of social capital that embraced a formal values corresponding their jobs desk which are conservation and production of the forest. LMDH along with Perhutani in forest management through partnership relationship. They work togehter in the safeguarding of forests and open tourist attraction. Whereas in the greening of the forest, the Perhutani, the LMDH Tahura and do reforestation.
Moderasi Islam dan Wawasan Kebangsaan dalam Persepektif Santri
Authors: Rohimah Ratu Bai
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui persepsi santri di Pesantren Ar Rahmah terhadap konsep keislaman   dan wawasan kebangsaan, hubungan antara wawasan keislaman   dan wawasan kebangsaan dan upaya membangun wawasan keislaman   dan wawasan kebangsaan santri. Permasalahan dalam penelitian adalah bagaimana persepsi santri terhadap konsep keislaman   dan wawasan kebangsaan? hubungan antara wawasan keislaman   dan wawasan kebangsaan? Dan bagaimana upaya membangun wawasan keislaman   dan wawasan kebangsaan santri? Penelitian dalam karya tulis ilmiah ini menggunakan analisa deskriptif kuantitatif dengan Metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Diperoleh data bahwa santri memiliki pemahaman yang baik tentang konsep keislaman dan kebangsaan. Berdasarkan Uji Korelasi Spearman sebesar 0,578 dan ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara wawasan keislaman   santri terhadap wawasan kebangsaannya.
Femur Neck Fracture in a Patient with Stiff Person Syndrome
Authors: Jamil Mujahid , Saleem Muhammad , Habib Ahmed , Khan Sara , Qahir Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Case:

A 57-year-old man with a known case of stiff person syndrome (SPS) presented with an insidious-onset 3-month history of right groin pain and inability to bear weight on the right lower extremity. Radiographs demonstrated a displaced right neck of femur fracture. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging was negative for any infective or neoplastic pathology. Right primary cementless total hip replacement was performed. Significant improvement in function was noted after surgery.

Conclusions:

Femur neck fracture can result from severe muscle spasms and stiffness. Primary total hip replacement is a difficult but reasonable operative procedure for SPS with neck of femur fracture. The success of the procedure also depends on ideal medical control of muscle spasms and rigidity.
Inflammatory Reactions to Xenogenic Nerve Wraps
Authors: Zeng Wenjing , Osterman Meredith , Stern Peter J.
Published: July 2019

Case:

Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome is a challenging problem. Nerve wraps have been introduced as a barrier to prevent scar traction neuritis for use during revision carpal tunnel surgery. We present 3 cases of inflammatory responses to bovine collagen and porcine subintestinal mucosal nerve wraps in patients undergoing revision carpal tunnel surgery. No patient had evidence of infection, and pathology revealed acute and chronic inflammation. All 3 patients responded favorably following wrap removal.

Conclusions:

We recommend caution with the routine use of nerve wraps in the setting of revision carpal tunnel surgery.
Genome-wide identification, expression profiles and regulatory network of MAPK cascade gene family in barley
Authors: Cui Licao , Yang Guang , Yan Jali , Pan Yan , Nie Xiaojun
Published: July 2019

Background
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a conserved and universal signal transduction module in organism. Although it has been well characterized in many plants, no systematic analysis has been conducted in the model cereal crop barley.
Results
Here, we identified 20 MAPKs, 6 MAPKKs and 156 MAPKKKs through a genome-wide search method using the latest published barley genomic data. Phylogenetic analysis assigned all the MAPK cascade genes into three groups in accordance to MAPK, MAPKK and MAPKKK family. Gene duplication revealed that segmental and tandem duplication events contributed to the expansion of barley MAPK cascade genes and the duplicated gene pairs were found to undergone strong purifying selection. Expression profiles of the HvMAPK, HvMAPKK and HvMAPKKKs were then investigated in different organs and under diverse stresses using the available 132 RNA-seq datasets, and then the tissue-specific and stress-responsive ones were found. Finally, co-expression regulatory network of MAPK cascade genes was constructed by WGCNA tool, resulting in a complicated network composed of a total of 72 branches containing 46 HvMAPK cascade genes and 46 miRNAs.
Conclusion
This study provides the candidates for further functional studies and also contribute to better understand the MAPK cascade regulatory network in barley and beyond.
Yang-Monti ileal ureter-bladder anastomosis or Yang-Monti ileal ureter-ureteral anastomosis for the treatment of ureteral stenosis: What is better?
Authors: wang zhenxing , sun zhaolin , yang xiushu , luo guangheng , tian ye , shen lei , su zhiyong , liu hongming
Published: July 2019

Background: To establish an animal model of the minipigs of ileal ureter-bladder anastomosis and ureteral-ureteral anastomosis using the Yang-Monti technique, and compare the advantages and disadvantages.
Methods: 14 minipigs were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received the left Yang-Monti ileal ureter-ureteral anastomosis ; group B received the left Yang-Monti ileal ureter-bladder anastomosis. The length of the incision and the operation time of the two groups were compared. Changes in serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were observed. IVU,cystography,Urinary culture examination and histological examination were performed.
Results: the remaining 11 miniature pigs had no urinary fistula or intestinal fistula.The operation time and incision length of group A were longer than group B. All minipigs had normal renal function before and after surgery. There was no stenosis obstruction in the venous pyelography. The narrowest diameter of group A was larger than that of group B; no contrast agent was returned to the upper urinary tract in the two groups. Postoperative urine culture examinations were colonized with Escherichia coli. the obstruction and stenosis were found in group A; the ileal ureteral diameter of group A was larger than that of group B. Histological examination showed that the transitional epithelium and columnar epithelial mucosa in group A were not close together; the intestinal villi are slightly atrophied and shortened.
Conclusions: Compared with the Yang-Monti ileal ureteral anastomosis, the Yang-Monti ileal ureter-bladder anastomosis is simpler, more reliable, and less complication.
Seascape genomics reveals population isolation in the reef-building honeycomb worm, Sabellaria alveolata (L.)
Authors: Muir Anna P , Dubois Stanislas F. , Ross Rebecca E. , Firth Louise B. , Knights Antony M. , Lima Fernando P. , Seabra Rui , Corre Erwan , Corguillé Gildas Le , Nunes Flavia L. D.
Published: July 2019

Background

Under the threat of climate change populations can disperse, acclimatise or evolve in order to avoid fitness loss. In light of this, it is important to understand neutral gene flow patterns as a measure of dispersal potential, but also adaptive genetic variation as a measure of evolutionary potential. In order to assess genetic variation and how this relates to environment in the honeycomb worm (Sabellaria alveolata (L.)), a reef-building polychaete that supports high biodiversity, we carried out RAD sequencing using individuals from along its complete latitudinal range. Patterns of neutral population genetic structure were compared to larval dispersal as predicted by ocean circulation modelling, and outlier analyses and genotype-environment associations tests were used to attempt to identify loci under selection in relation to local temperature data.

Results

We genotyped 482 filtered SNPs, from 68 individuals across nine sites, 27 of which were identified as outliers using BAYESCAN and ARLEQUIN. All outlier loci were potentially under balancing selection, despite previous evidence of local adaptation in the system. Limited gene flow was observed among reef-sites (FST = 0.28 ± 0.10), in line with the low dispersal potential identified by the larval dispersal models. The North Atlantic reef emerged as an isolated population and this was linked to high local larval retention and the effect of the North Atlantic Current on dispersal.

Conclusions

As an isolated population, with limited potential for natural genetic or demographic augmentation from other reefs, the North Atlantic site warrants conservation attention in order to preserve not only this species, but above all the crucial functional ecological roles that are associated with their bioconstructions. Our study highlights the utility of using seascape genomics to identify populations of conservation concern.
The predictors and patterns of the early recurrence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after pancreatectomy: the influence of pre- and post- operative adjuvant therapy: a single-center and retrospective analysis
Authors: Suto Hironobu , Okano Keiichi , Oshima Minoru , Ando Yasuhisa , Takahashi Shigeo , Shibata Toru , Kamada Hideki , Kobara Hideki , Masaki Tsutomu , Suzuki Yasuyuki
Published: July 2019

Background The perioperative factors predicting or influencing early pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) recurrence are unclear. This study attempted to identify the predictive factors for early PDAC recurrence post-pancreatectomy and the influence of pre- and post- operative adjuvant therapy.

Methods One hundred and fifteen patients undergoing curative resection for PDAC between 2000 and 2016 at our institution were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: those who did and did not experience PDAC recurrence within 6 months postoperatively.

Results Thirty-four (30%) patients experienced early recurrence. Multivariate analyses demonstrated postoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) de-normalization, no postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT), and serosal invasion were independent risk factors for early recurrence (P<0.001, P=0.001, and P=0.010, respectively). A subgroup analysis showed patients with (n=51) and without (n=64) preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) had different predictors. Although postoperative ACT was not a significant indicator in patients with preoperative CRT, CA19-9 de-normalization and no postoperative ACT were significant indicators in patients without preoperative CRT. Preoperative CRT strongly prevented early local recurrence while postoperative ACT prevented early distant recurrence.

Conclusions CA19-9 de-normalization was an important predictor of early recurrence of PDAC. Although postoperative ACT was an important preventive measure against early recurrence, particularly for distant recurrence, preoperative CRT might compensate for a lack of postoperative ACT. Preoperative CRT could strongly prevent the early local recurrence of PDAC. These perioperative adjuvant therapies could have a complementary relationship.
Dual effect of the Valsalva maneuver on autonomic nervous system activity, intraocular pressure, Schlemm’s canal, and iridocorneal angle morphology
Authors: Sun Li , Chen Wei , Chen Zhiqi , Xiang Yan , Guo Jingmin , Hu Tian , Xu Qiongfang , Zhang Hong , Wang Junming
Published: July 2019

Background

The Valsalva maneuver (VM) is common in the daily life and has been reported to cause high intraocular pressure (IOP). This study aimed to assess changes in IOP, Schlemm’s canal (SC), autonomic nervous system activity and iridocorneal angle morphology in healthy individuals during different phases of the VM.

Methods

The high frequency (HF) of heart rate variability (HRV), the ratio of low frequency power and high frequency power (LF/HF), heart rate (HR), IOP, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the area of Schlemm’s canal (SCAR), pupil diameter (PD) and some iridocorneal angle parameters (AOD500, ARA750, TIA500 and TISA500) were measured in 29 young healthy individuals at baseline, phase 2 and phase 4 of the VM. SBP and DBP were measured to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP). HF and LF/HF ratio were recorded using Kubios HRV Premium software to evaluate autonomic nervous activity. The profiles of anterior chamber were captured by a Spectralis optical coherence tomography device (anterior segment module).

Results

Compared with baseline values, in phase 2 of the VM, HR, LF/HF, IOP (15.1 ± 2.7 vs. 18.8 ± 3.5 mmHg, p < 0.001), SCAR(mean) (7448.64 ± 3230.82 vs. 8851.43 ± 4231.15 μm2, p = 0.038) and PD increased significantly, whereas MOPP, AOD500, ARA750, TIA500 and TISA500 decreased significantly. In phase 4, HR, DBP, MAP, MOPP, AOD500, ARA750, TIA500and TISA500 were significantly lower than baseline value, while PD and HF were remarkably larger than baseline. The comparison between phase 2 and phase 4 showed that HR, IOP (19.1 ± 3.3 vs. 14.7 ± 2.9 mmHg, p < 0.001) and PD decreased significantly from phase 2 to phase 4, but there were no significant differences in other parameters.

Conclusions

The expansion and collapse of SC in different phases of the VM may be arise from the changes of autonomic nervous system activity, while its influence on IOP could be counteracted even reversed by the changes of blood flow and ocular anatomy.
Correlation between visual acuity and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*04 in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
Authors: Misawa Norihiko , Tagami Mizuki , Kohno Takeya , Honda Shigeru
Published: July 2019

Background
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*04 is well known to be associated with the course of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between visual prognosis and HLA-DRB1*04 alleles during systemic corticosteroid therapy in patients with VKH disease.

Methods
This retrospective case series included 47 eyes from 29 consecutive treatment-naïve patients who received systemic corticosteroid therapy. Visual acuity sex, refractive error, central retinal thickness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), and duration from onset to treatment were measured at initial and final visits. Mean values of parameters were compared with each visit. Typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction amplification with sequence-specific primers.

Results
Linear regression showed significant differences in logMAR best-corrected visual acuity among the three groups of homozygotes, heterozygotes, and normal subjects between baseline (p<0.01) and final visit (p=0.012). No significant difference was detected between the three groups in age, sex, refractive error, CRT, CCT, or duration from onset to treatment.

Conclusions
The present study revealed a correlation between HLA04 allele type and visual acuity logMAR before and after initiating systemic corticosteroid therapy in treatment-naïve patients with VKH disease.
Modified regional citrate anticoagulation is optimal for hemodialysis in patients at high risk of bleeding: A prospective randomized study of three anticoagulation strategies
Authors: Lin Ting , Song Li , Huang Renwei , Huang Ying , Tang Shuifu , Lin Qizhan , Zhang Ying , Wu Xingbo , Liang Hui , Wu Yuchi , Chen Yuanhan , Liang Huaban , Ma Jianchao , Feng Zhonglin , Li Zhuo , Xu Lixia , Fu Xia , Ye Zhiming , Liu Shuangxin , Liang Xinling
Published: July 2019

Background：The recommended regular saline flushing presents clinical ineffectiveness for patients at high risk of bleeding with heparin contraindication. Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) has been used in a Ca2+ containing dialysate with prefilter citrate in one arm (RCA-one). The anticoagulation effect was not realized, and up to 40% resulted in serious clotting in the venous expansion chamber. We innovatively transferred one-quarter of the TSC from the prefilter to the postfilter based on RCA-one, which is called RCA-two in this trial. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of RCA-two with either saline flushing or RCA-one in HD patients with a high bleeding risk. Method：In this investigator-initiated, multicenter, placebo-controlled, prospective, randomized clinical trial, 52 patients (77 sessions) were randomized to the RCA-two and RCA-one group in part one trial, and 45 patients (64 sessions) were randomized to the RCA-two and Saline group in part two trial. Serious clotting events, adverse events and blood analyses were recorded. Results：The primary outcome, Serious clotting events in the RCA-two group were significantly lower than that in the RCA-one and Saline group (7.89% vs. 30.77%, P = 0.011; 3.03% vs. 54.84%, P < 0.001, respectively). The median circuit survival time was 240 min (IQR 240 to 240) in the RCA-two group, which was signiﬁcantly longer than 230 min (IQR 155 to 240, P < 0.001) in the RCA-one group and 210 min (IQR 135 to 240，P = 0.003) in the Saline group. The majority of the AEs were hypotension, hypoglycemia and chest tightness, most of which were mild in intensity. Eight patients (20.51%) in the RCA-one group, 4 patients (12.90%) in the Saline group and 10 patients (26.31%) in the RCA-two group, P>0.05. Conclusions：Our data demonstrated that the modified anticoagulation protocol is more effective and feasible during hemodialysis therapy for patients at high risk of bleeding. Trial registration: GDREC, GDREC2017250H. Registered 2th February 2018-Retrospectively registered.
Keywords: regional citrate anticoagulation, hemodialysis, high risk of bleeding, serious clotting, saline flushing, randomized prospective clinical trial.
The Burden of Unrecognised Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at a County Hospital Clinic in Kenya: Implications to Care and Need for Screening
Authors: Otieno Frederick C. F. , Ogola Elijah N , Kimando Mercy W , Mutai Ken K
Published: July 2019

Background

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes enhances the cardiovascular risk profiles and disease, and a strong predictor of progression to end-stage kidney disease. Early diagnosis is encouraged for referral to specialist kidney care to initiate active management that would optimize outcomes including forestalling progression to end-stage kidney disease.

This study was conducted in a regional referral public health facility in Central Kenya with a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes. It was aimed at finding out the burden of chronic kidney disease in their clinic of ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes from, mainly, the rural area.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional survey conducted at the out-patient diabetes clinic of Nyeri County hospital. A total of 385 participants with type 2 diabetes were enrolled over five (5) months. Each subject gave informed consent to participate wherein clinical evaluation was done, a spot sample of urine obtained for albuminuria and venous blood drawn for HbA1c, Lipids and serum creatinine. Estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated using the Cockroft-Gault equation. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was classified on KDIGO scale. Albuminuria was reported as either positive or negative.

Main outcomes measure

Estimated Glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria as markers of chronic kidney disease.

Results

Of the 385 participants included in the study, 252 (65.5%) were females. Thirty nine per cent, 39.0%(95%CI 34.3-44.2) had CKD/KDIGO stages 3, 4 and 5 while 32.7% (95%CI, 27.8-37.4) had Albuminuria. The risk factors that were significantly associated with chronic kidney disease/KDIGO stages 3, 4 and 5 were: age >50years, long duration with diabetes >5years and hypertension. Employment and, paradoxically, obesity reduced the odds of having CKD, probably as markers of better socio-economic status.

Conclusion

Therefore, patients with type 2 diabetes should be screened for CKD using spot-urine albuminuria and eGFR, then risk-stratified further for cardiovascular disease and likelihood of progression to ESRD. Reducing proteinuria and optimizing control of the modifiable risk factors, especially unawareness, hypertension and hyperglycaemia, by linkage to and retention in quality care is the imperative of screening for chronic kidney disease which is the challenge in publicly-funded hospitals.
Cost containment by peer prior authorization program for second line treatment in patients with retinal disease
Authors: Rosenblatt Amir , Hekselman Igal , Rosenblatt Irit , Hekselman Idan , Gaton Dan
Published: July 2019

Background: Rising drug prices prompt the establishment of cost-containment treatment policies. Ranibizumab was approved for treatment of retinal diseases, although the less-costly, off label, bevacizumab has been found equally effective. We describe a novel prior-authorization approach, which we applied to ranibizumab as second-line treatment, in non-responders to first-line bevacizumab: A steering committee set the funding criteria based on cost and updating clinical considerations; an ophthalmic specialists team evaluated their colleagues’ individual patient subsidization request, based on the funding criteria.
Methods This retrospective cohort included all the applications for a first or ongoing treatment with ranibizumab, for one or both eyes, applying for treatment between March 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015 During that time, 16,778 applications for funding from 5,642 patients (~2.97 applications/patient) were submitted and assessed, accounting for 31% of bevacizumab (first line)-treated patients Aapproval was granted in 94.6% of all requests, via their peer-revision.
Conclusions The program made it feasible to finance a costly treatment for patients that may benefit from it, while maintaining qualitative medical outcomes and sparing treating ophthalmologist from ethical gatekeeping dilemmas
Assessments Used to Measure Participation in Life Activities in Individuals with Cancer: A Scoping Review
Authors: L'Hotta Allison J , Varughese Taniya E. , Lyons Kathleen D. , Simon Laura , King Allison A.
Published: July 2019

Background There is a critical need to facilitate return to work, school, and life activities among individuals with and surviving cancer. Each of these areas is a component of participation, defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as involvement in a life situation. Before developing interventions to address participation, we must first understand how this concept is measured. This scoping review investigates what assessments are currently used to measure participation in life activities in individuals with cancer.
Methods Six databases were systematically searched using keywords and controlled vocabulary through February 2019. Eligible studies used the term participation in the context of life situations and had an assessment with at least 5 participation-specific questions.
Results More than 4,000 references were identified and screened for eligibility. Twenty-seven studies were included; 18 unique assessments of participation were identified. Assessments were 1) developed with the primary purpose of measuring participation (n= 8); 2) measured global or physical function (n=8; 4 had a domain specific to participation); or 3) measured community integration (n=1) or social activity (n=1). Most assessments (10/18) were not developed with the purpose of measuring participation and only 4 assessments measured key components of participation (e.g. satisfaction) other than frequency.
Discussion Measuring participation in life activities is a developing area in oncology research. Most studies do not accurately or comprehensively measure this construct. The heterogeneity in the assessments used indicates no clear consensus on a gold-standard participation measure for use among individuals with cancer. Comprehensively measuring participation is an essential first step to helping individuals with and surviving cancer lead productive and meaningful lives during and after treatment. By identifying deficits in participation, healthcare providers can better understand what activities are most important to their patients and provide necessary interventions. To facilitate the development of targeted interventions, a comprehensive measure of participation needs to be validated for use with individuals with cancer.
ROS as a Novel Indicator to Predict Anticancer Drug Efficacy
Authors: Zaidieh Tarek , Smith James , Ball Karen , An Qian
Published: July 2019

Background

Mitochondria are considered a primary intracellular site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Generally, cancer cells with mitochondrial genetic abnormalities (copy number change and mutations) have escalated ROS levels compared to normal cells. Since high levels of ROS can trigger apoptosis, treating cancer cells with low doses of mitochondria-targeting / ROS-stimulating agents may offer cancer-specific therapy. This study aimed to investigate how baseline ROS levels might influence cancer cells’ response to ROS-stimulating therapy.

Methods

Four cancer and one normal cell lines were treated with a conventional drug (cisplatin) and a mitochondria-targeting agent (dequalinium chloride hydrate) separately and jointly. Cell viability was assessed and drug combination synergisms were indicated by the combination index (CI). Mitochondrial DNA copy number (MtDNAcn), ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured, and the relative expression levels of the genes and proteins involved in ROS-mediated apoptosis pathways were also investigated.

Results

Our data showed a correlation between the baseline ROS level, mtDNAcn and drug sensitivity in the tested cells. Synergistic effect of both drugs was also observed with ROS being the key contributor in cell death.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that mitochondria-targeting therapy could be more effective compared to conventional treatments. In addition, cancer cells with low levels of ROS may be more sensitive to the treatment, while cells with high levels of ROS may be more resistant. This study provides an insight into understanding the influence of intracellular ROS on drug sensitivity, and may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to improve efficacy of anticancer therapy.
Diagnostic value of Telomerase Activity in patients with Bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of diagnostic test
Authors: Peng Lei , He Lujia , Ren ZhengJu , Cao Hong De , Li Jinze , Wei Qiang , Li yunxiang
Published: July 2019

Background

This article aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of telomerase activity (TA) in bladder cancer (BC) by meta-analysis of diagnostic tests.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of articles published on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to June 1, 2019.Stata 15 and Review Manager 5.3 were used for calculation and statistical analyses.

Results

We use the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (PLR,NLR),diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and 95% confidengce intervals (CIs) to evaluate the diagnostic value of TA for BC. 22 studies were included in the meta- analyses, with a total of 2867 individuals. The pooled parameters are calculated from all studies: sensitivity of 0.79(95%CI:0.72-0.84), specificity of 0.91(95%CI:0.87-0.94), PLR of 8.91(95%CI:5.91-13.43),NLR of 0.24(95%CI:0.15-0.37), DOR of 37.90(95%CI:23.32-61.59), AUC of 0.92(95%CI:0.90-0.94). We also conducted subgroup based on different stages and grades. Results from subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in TA during the high and low stages BC, but low-grade tumors have lower TA than high-grade tumors.

Conclusions

For the diagnosis of BC, the overall diagnostic value of TA is high, and is expected to be an alternative to cystoscopy for different staging and grading. The tumor also has a very good diagnostic value.
Practical Value of Three-dimensional High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Vessel Wall Imaging in Identifying Suspicious Intracranial Vertebrobasilar Dissecting Aneurysms
Authors: Zhu Xianjin , Qiu Hancheng , Hui Ferdinand K , Zhang Yiqun , Liu Yun-e , Man Fengyuan , Jiang Wei-Jian
Published: July 2019

Background: Direct evidence of intimal flaps, double lumen and intramural haematomas (IMH) is difficult to detect on conventional angiography in most intracranial vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms (VBDAs). Our purpose was to assess the value of three-dimensional high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (3D HRMR VWI) for identifying VBDAs.
Methods: Between August 2013 and January 2016, consecutive patients with suspicious VBDAs were prospectively enrolled to undergo catheter angiography and VWI (pre- and post-contrast). The lesion was diagnosed as definite VBDA when presenting direct signs of dissection; as possible when only presenting indirect signs; and as segmental ectasia when there was local dilation and wall thickness similar to adjacent normal artery’s without mural thrombosis.
Results: Twenty-one patients with 27 lesions suspicious for VBDAs were finally included. Based on findings of VWI and catheter angiography, definite VBDA was diagnosed in 25 and 7 lesions (92.6%, vs 25.9%, p = 0.000), respectively; possible VBDA in 0 and 20 (0 vs 74.1%), respectively; and segmental ectasia in 2 and 0 (7.4% vs 0%), respectively. On VWI and catheter angiography, intimal flap was detected in 21 and 7 lesions (77.8% vs 25.9%, p=0.001), respectively; double lumen sign in 18 and 7 (66.7% vs 25.9%, p=0.003), respectively; and IMH sign in 14 and 0 (51.9% vs 0), respectively.
Conclusions: 3D HRMR VWI was superior to catheter angiography in achieving definite diagnosis of intracranial VBDAs with higher rate of detection of direct dissection signs; and allowed a promising way to differentiate between VBDA and segmental ectasia.
Cytokeratin 7-Negative and GATA Binding Protein 3-Negative Breast Cancers: Clinicopathological Features and Prognostic Significance
Authors: Lu Shaolei , Yakirevich Evgeny , Wang Li Juan , Resnick Murray B , Wang Yihong
Published: July 2019

Background: Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) are considered as immunohistochemical hallmarks of breast cancers; however, there are breast tumors lacking these markers. Clinicopathological characterization of CK7 negative breast cancer has not been addressed previously and similar studies on GATA3 negative tumors are limited.
Methods: This study included 196 consecutive cases of Nottingham Grade 3 breast cancers with 159 cases of Grade 1 and Grade 2 tumors for comparison. CK7 and GATA3 expression was correlated with patient’s age, histological type, pathological grade and stage, hormone receptor status, molecular subtype and overall survival.
Results: CK7 negativity was seen in 13% of Grade 3, 9% of Grade 2, and 2% of Grade 1 cases (P=0.0457). Similarly, 28% of Grade 3, 5% of Grade 2 and 2 % of Grade 1 cases were GATA3 negative (P<0.0001). CK7 negative tumors did not show association with other clinicopathological parameters. GATA3 negative tumors were enriched in the basal-like molecular subgroup and were associated with negative estrogen receptor (ER) and negative progesterone receptor (PR) statuses. Both CK7 and GATA3 expression showed no association with overall survival in patients with Grade 3 tumor.
Conclusions: More CK7 negative and GATA3 negative tumors were seen in breast cancer of high histologic grade. GATA3 expression was associated with ER status. Lack of CK7 and GATA3 expression in Grade 3 breast cancer was not associated with patient outcome.
Tumour Mutational Burden is Associated with Poor Outcomes that Cannot Be Predicted by Pan-cancer Targeted Sequencing in Diffused Glioma
Authors: Wang Lihong , Ge Jia , Lan Yang , Luo Ying , Tan Yuhuan , Liang Mei , Deng Song , Zhang Xia , Luo Tao
Published: July 2019

Aims

Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a biomarker for immune checkpoint therapy. The impact of TMB on clinical outcomes and the correlation coefficient between exome sequencing and targeted sequencing in glioma have not yet been explored.

Methods

Somatic mutations in the coding regions of 897 primary gliomas, clinical and RNA-seq information for 654 patients In TCGA dataset were analyzed. Descriptive and correlational analyses were conducted with TMB. Enrichment Map and GSEA was also performed.

Results

TMB was higher for the group of mutant genes that are frequently mutated in glioblastomas (GBMs) and lower for the group of mutant genes that are frequently mutated in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Patients with a higher TMB exhibited shorter overall survival. TMB was associated with grade, age, subtype and mutations affecting genomic structure. The signaling pathways of the cell cycle and immune effector processes were enriched in the TMBHigh group. TMB was higher in the mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutant group compared to the wildtype group, but the MMR pathway was enriched in the TMBHigh group of gliomas without mutations in classical MMR genes. The correlation between TMBs calculated through exome sequencing and targeted sequencing was moderate.

Conclusions

TMB is associated with poor outcomes in diffuse glioma. High proliferative activity in the TMBHigh group could account for the shorter survival of these patients. This association was not reflected by a pan-cancer targeted sequencing panel.
Alkaline Comet Assay using the monocytic cell line THP-1
Authors: Neves-Costa Ana , Pedroso Dora , Moita Luis F
Published: July 2019

This protocol details the experimental procedure for performing the comet assay, a very sensitive DNA break assay based on single cell gel electrophoresis.The analysis of DNA strand breaks, both single- and double-strand breaks (SSBs and DSBs, respectively), was performed in immune responsive cells. The cell line used was the human monocytic cell line THP-1, an adherent cell type with many known applications in in vitro studies of innate immunity. The comet assay is a robust procedure that allows the accurate and reproducible quantification of DNA damage. Here we describe not only the comet assay step-by-step protocol, but also some important aspects related to troubleshooting.
Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients and factors determining treatment outcome at peripheral health settings of Northern Ethiopia: a five year retrospective study
Authors: Abdulkadir Mahmud , Aken Ischa van , Niguse Selam Sahle , Hailekiros Haftamu , Spigt Mark
Published: July 2019

Objective

Evidences of treatment outcome and identifying factors associated with treatment failure through a register based retrospective study have significant contribution in in the improvement of a National Tuberculosis Program. However there is a scarcity of data from peripheral health settings in Ethiopia. Therefore this study is aimed at determining treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients and associated factors.

Results

A total of 3471 patient records were included. More than half, (58%) were males and the mean age was 34 ± 17 years. Majority (43%) had extra-pulmonary TB. From the total TB patients, 18.8% were HIV co infected. The overall treatment success was 89.5%. Being HIV coinfected, pulmonary negative, extra-pulmonary and retreatment case were significantly associated with treatment failure.
Prevalence of hepatitis C infection among the general population and high-risk groups in the EU/EEA: A systematic review update
Authors: HAN Ru , ZHOU Junwen , François Clément , Toumi Mondher
Published: July 2019

Background: Although significant improvement in efficacy measured by a sustained virological response, the high acquisition costs of direct-acting antivirals limit the access for patients and influence the costs of healthcare resource utilisation in hepatitis C. It is important to have the latest estimates of prevalence, especially in high-risk groups, for cost of illness, cost-effectiveness and budget impact studies.
Methods: Original studies on the estimates of the prevalence among general and high-risk populations in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) were retrieved from Medline and Embase for the period from 2015 to 2018. All included studies were evaluated for risk of selection bias and summarised together in a narrative form. Results from previous reviews and updated searches were compared per country among different populations, respectively.
Results: Among the 3871 studies identified, 46 studies were included: 20 studies were used for the estimate of the general population; 3 for men who have sex with men (MSM); 6 for prisoners; and 17 for people who inject drugs (PWID). Compared with the results reported in previous systematic reviews, the updated estimates were lower than previously in most available countries. Anti-HCV general population prevalence estimates ranged from 0.54% to 1.50% by country. The highest prevalence of anti-HCV was found among PWID (range of 7.90% - 82.00%), followed by prisoners (7.00% - 41.00%), HIV-positive MSM (1.80% - 7.10%), HIV-negative MSM (0.20% - 1.80%), pregnant women (0.10% - 1.32%) and first-time blood donors (0.03% - 0.09%).
Conclusions: Our study highlights the heterogeneity in anti-HCV prevalence across different population groups in EU/EEA. The prevalence also varies widely between European countries. There are many countries that are not represented in our results, highlighting the need for the development of robust epidemiological studies.
Pretreatment Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Prognosis in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with Ranibizumab
Authors: Hu Yuxiang , Cheng Yi , Xu Xiaoxuan , Yang Bo , Mei Feng , Zhou Qiong , Yan Li , Wang Jun , Wu Xiaorong
Published: July 2019

Background: To investigate the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated monthly with ranibizumab.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of all patients who received intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) treatment for DME at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between December 2015 and December 2017. Clinicopathological parameters, including NLR, were evaluated to identify predictors of better outcomes of IVR monotherapy.
Results: Ninety-one treatment-naïve eyes treated with IVR for DME were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), neutrophils, NLR, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were negatively correlated with the changes in BCVA at 24 weeks compared with the baseline, while baseline central retinal thickness and lymphocytes were positively correlated with the changes in BCVA at 24 weeks compared with the baseline. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that NLR was independently associated with the mean change of BCVA between baseline and week 24. In addition, patients with NLR < 2.27 showed a better improvement in letter score than those with NLR > 2.27.
Conclusion: Pretreatment NLR is independently associated with the BCVA in DME patients treated with IVR, and higher pretreatment NLR may contribute to inferior BCVA outcomes.
Fluensulfone and 1,3-dichloroprene for plant-parasitic nematode management in potato production
Authors: Grabau Zane J. , Noling Joseph W. , Navia Gine Pablo A.
Published: July 2019

Florida produces 35% of the spring potato (Solanum tuberosum) crop in the USA, but plant-parasitic nematodes suppress yield in the region. The stubby-root nematodes, Paratrichodorus (Nanidorus) spp. and Trichodorus spp., vectors for corky ringspot disease, and sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus) are among the most damaging nematodes in Florida potato production. Nematicide application is an important component of nematode management in this system, but relatively few nematicides are currently available. Therefore, pre-plant applications of fluensulfone nematicide at various rates (3, 4, 6, and 8 l/ha) and the commercial standard fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) were tested for management of plant-parasitic nematodes in three field trials from 2016 to 2018. Both fluensulfone, at all rates, and 1,3-D consistently decreased sting nematode abundance relative to the untreated control at harvest. Neither fluensulfone nor 1,3-D affected stubby-root nematode abundances at harvest. Efficacy of fluensulfone and 1,3-D for lesion nematode (Pratylenchus sp.) management varied by year. In 2016 and 2018, fluensulfone at most rates and 1,3-D increased marketable potato yield relative to the untreated control with increases by 49 to 66% and 33 to 55% in 2016 and 2018, respectively. In 2017, fluensulfone at lower rates (3, 4, and 6 l/ha) increased marketable potato yield relative to the untreated control by 41 to 61%, but fluensulfone at 8 l/ha and 1,3-D had similar yields to the untreated control. Results suggest that nematicidal activity of fluensulfone and 1,3-D varies by target nematode with both products effective against sting nematode, ineffective against stubby-root nematodes, and inconsistent against lesion nematode. In conclusion, fluensulfone and 1,3-D are effective options for sting nematode management in Florida potato production.
First report of the cactus cyst nematode, Cactodera cacti, from a cactus garden in Idaho
Authors: Skantar Andrea M. , Handoo Zafar A. , Kantor Mihail R. , Hult Maria N. , Hafez Saad. A.
Published: July 2019

In April 2018, a cyst nematode was discovered from soil samples collected from a cactus garden collection in Meridian, Ada County, Idaho, USA. The cactus garden collection field reported was observed with localized areas of heavily stunted plants. Roots from affected plants displayed moderate numbers of nematode cysts. Living nematode juveniles (J2) recovered from the cysts were examined morphologically and molecularly for species identification which indicated that the specimens were Cactodera cacti. This is the first report of the cactus cyst nematode, C. cacti in Idaho.
Management of tax system adopting to European standards
Authors: Ostapenko Viktoriia
Published: July 2019

Ukraine is a social and legal state and seeks to become part of the European community. Therefore, the tax system needs to be reorganized regarding the level of financing of public goods, which will ensure the formation of financial resources sufficient for the fulfillment of the assigned functions of the state and guaranteeing citizens a sufficient standard of living. All this requires harmonization of the legal norms of Ukraine in accordance with the requirements of the European Union. Formation of tax policy in post-socialist countries has features related to the restructuring of the socio-economic system and redistributive mechanisms in the context of the formation and establishment of market relations. The aim of the work is to generalize theoretical approaches and develop practical recommendations for management of tax system according to European standards. The object of the study is the process of managing the tax system in Ukraine. The subject of the study is theoretical, methodological and practical principles aimed at managing the tax system of European standards. To solve the problems set in the work, such general scientific methods and research methods were used as analysis, economic-statistical method, synthesis, graphical and tabular method, historical methods of induction and deduction, method of theoretical generalization, system method. The conceptual approaches to the development of the tax system are proposed. The determinants of tax policy formation are determined. There are four main time stages of development of interstate cooperation in the tax area, which correspond to the waves of globalization of the world economy.