bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different Biological Mechanisms of Anxiety Phenotypes: Genetic Associations of the BDNF and AMPD1 Genes with State and Trait Anxiety
Authors: Osman N. , Lind K.V. , Brovin A. N. , Vasylyeva L.E. , Dyatlova M.A.
Published: April 2024

This article delves into the genetic underpinnings of anxiety, indicating that both state and trait anxiety have heritable components. However, there is no consensus on the degree of heritability, and much remains to be understood about the specific genetic variants involved and their mechanisms of action. The study explores the role of the BDNF gene, which is involved in the synthesis and transportation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein, and the AMPD1 gene, which facilitates the conversion of inosine monophosphate to adenosine monophosphate, the intracellular precursor for adenosine in the pathophysiology of anxiety. The methodology of this study involved a combination of genetic testing, psychological assessments, and statistical analysis. Participants were recruited from diverse demographic groups to ensure the findings were broadly applicable. DNA samples were collected for genetic testing, and participants completed the STAI questionnaire to measure their state and trait anxiety levels. The genetic data were analyzed to identify associations between variants in the BDNF and AMPD1 genes and levels of anxiety; specifically, the frequency of these variants in participants with high anxiety scores was compared to those with low anxiety scores. The study provided evidence of the association between BDNF variants and levels of trait anxiety and AMPD1 variants with levels of state anxiety, implicating different biological mechanisms underlying these components of anxiety.
Interpersonal Synchrony in Mentor-Mentee Dyads: An Analysis of Nonverbal Synchrony and Trait-Empathy
Authors: Vodneva A.R. , Oreshina G.V. , Kustova T.A. , Tkachenko I.O. , Tcepelevich M.M. , Grigorenko E.L.
Published: April 2024

Interpersonal synchrony is a notable aspect of communication; it is evident at various levels, including nonverbal. However, research on interpersonal synchrony in the workplace is limited in general and for mentoring in particular. Empathy is essential for both interpersonal synchrony and mentoring. This study aims to investigate how trait-empathy contributes to nonverbal synchrony in mentor-mentee dyads. Thirty-seven pairs were recruited from the Mentorship Program and engaged in conversations on work and leisure topics. Empathy was assessed using The Empathy Quotient, and nonverbal synchrony was measured via Motion Energy Analysis. A significant contribution of the mentee’s cognitive empathy to the averaged head movement synchrony was found. Cognitive empathy enhances the mentee’s understanding of a mentor’s perspective and expectations through nonverbal cues, particularly facial expressions and head movements. The relationship between cognitive empathy and nonverbal synchrony could be considered in mentoring programs for pairing, as previous research has shown that synchronized dyads are more successful in achieving joint outcomes. However, further research using other methods and a larger sample size is needed.
Exploring the Relationship between Performance and Response Process Data in Digital Literacy Assessment
Authors: Tkachenko I.O. , Tarasova K.V. , Gracheva D.A.
Published: April 2024

Measuring complex latent constructs is challenging because of their multi-dimensionality. In this context, computer-based assessments have gained popularity due to its ability to handle large diverse data. The aim of the study is to investigate the interrelationship between performance, time, and actions in computer-based digital literacy assessment. The study involved more than 400 8th-grade schoolchildren (approximately 14—15 years old) from secondary schools in Russia. A subset was obtained from indicators capturing the demonstration of analysis of data, information, and digital content, which is a component of the information literacy in the digital literacy framework. The data was used to create latent models in the structural equation modeling framework. Confirmatory one-factor model for the Performance factor showed a good fit to the data (CFI=1; TLI=1; RMSEA=0). The model with dependencies among indicators demonstrated improved model fit (χ2(18)=510,65; p=0,05) compared to the model without such dependencies. The results suggest that performance, time, and actions are interdependent. The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to assessing digital literacy that accounts for these interdependencies, as well as investigating behavioral patterns of interaction with a large amount of information in the digital environment.
Intellectual Development in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Romanova R.S. , Talantseva O.I.
Published: April 2024

The article presents an overview of the current understanding of the intellectual development of children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A review of research indicates a wide heterogeneity in the levels of intellectual development in autism (from severe intellectual disability to giftedness) and demonstrates a lack of specific cognitive and intellectual profiles. The assessment of "strengths" and "weaknesses" of individual cognitive abilities and/or subtests of the measures comes to the fore. At the same time, the incidence of ASD and intellectual disability is higher than in the general population (33% to 70% in the studies reported in this article), indicating that these conditions are comorbid. These rates vary according to the methodological design of the studies, especially the type of data used (administrative, medical, educational, etc.) and the instruments used to assess intellectual ability. For example, Wechsler tests may underestimate scores in children and adults with ASD because of the large number of verbal instructions that are difficult for people with severe communication difficulties. Comprehensive nonverbal intelligence tests (e.g., Leiter-3 or UNIT-2) are the most appropriate methods. Assessing the level of intellectual ability in people with autism spectrum disorders in Russia is complicated by the existing deficit of methods, the elimination of which is an important task that researchers face.
Experimental Design and Behavioral Testing Protocol for the Evaluation of Cognitive Abilities and Social Behavior in Mice Following Early Life Stress
Authors: Khafizova G.V. , Naumova O.Y. , Lopez A.L. , Grigorenko E.L.
Published: April 2024

This manuscript presents a protocol designed for the comprehensive investigation of early life stress (ELS) outcomes and a feasibility study conducted with this protocol. ELS alters normal development by interfering at various levels: hormonal changes, brain cellular architecture, epigenome, and chromosomal structural elements. The protocol combines classic behavioral tests with advanced molecular techniques to obtain comprehensive data and thus uncover the underlying mechanisms of ELS. In this protocol, the main source of stress is maternal separation. Briefly, a group of C57Bl/6 mice undergoes maternal separation; then, mice perform the radial maze test and the resident-intruder test. As a control, another group of mice stays undisturbed and performs the same behavioral tests in the same timeframe. After the behavioral tests, biosamples are collected, including urine for corticosterone measurements, peripheral blood, hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex tissues for DNA isolation and its downstream analyses (DNA methylation profiling and telomere length measuring), and whole brains for immunohistochemistry analysis of the glucocorticoid receptor density. This protocol was successfully tested as a feasibility study for a large-scale investigation that addresses potential flaws to establish a robust methodology. This paper reports on a comprehensive approach to examining multiple aspects of development that interrogates a holistic analysis of multilayer and multidimensional data and may contribute valuable insights for both animal and human studies.
The Temporal Response Function — a New Method for Investigating Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Speech Perception under Ecologically Valid Conditions
Authors: Rogachev A.O. , Sysoeva O.V.
Published: April 2024

The temporal response function is a new method that allows to investigate the brain mechanisms of perception of natural, naturalistic speech stimuli. In contrast to other methods for studying brain activity (e.g., evoked potentials), the temporal response function does not require the presentation of a large number of uniform stimuli to produce a robust brain response - recordings of narrative speech lasting 10 minutes or more can be used in experimental paradigms, increasing their ecological validity. The temporal response function can be used to study brain mechanisms of online processing of different components of natural speech: acoustic (physical properties of the audio signal such as envelope and spectrogram), phonological (individual phonemes and their combinations), lexical (contextual characteristics of individual words) and semantic (semantic meaning of words), as well as the interaction between these components processing mechanisms. The article presents the history of the method, its advantages in comparison with other methods and limitations, mathematical basis, features of natural speech components extraction, and a brief review of the main studies using this method.
The Best Possible Self Intervention: the diversity of formats and the equality of effectiveness
Authors: Fevzieva A.A.
Published: April 2024

The Best Possible Self intervention includes thinking about one’s Best Possible Self and turns a person to a possible future in which all goals and desires have been successfully achieved in the best possible way. The format varies from just thinking, writing and visualization to any combination of three stages. However, the numerous changes made by the authors to the initial intervention instructions call into question the possibility of considering all variations as a single tool, rather than a multitude of techniques based on the phenomenon of the Best Possible Self. The purpose of this article is to critically analyze empirical studies on the effectiveness of intervention in all variations. The latest studies demonstrate the effectiveness of intervention on motivation, self-efficacy, assessment of one's competence, and perseverance in performing a difficult task, but these indicators are rarely addressed, and the results are preliminary. The positive effect on optimism and positive affect have been confirmed by the results of many studies, and in recent years there has been a tendency to expand the research field. Within the framework, it is necessary to fill the existing gaps in the study of the effectiveness of intervention, taking into account individual characteristics, i.e. personality traits, professional status and cultural aspects. Given the frequent practice of clarifying the Best Possible Self to a certain sphere of life or social role, it is necessary to pay closer attention to the diversity and specificity of these trends in order to successfully adapt it to the required task and expand the possibilities of practical application of an intervention with promising potential.
Ways of Acting with an Object as Part of its Representation
Authors: Anufrieva A.A. , Gorbunova E.S.
Published: April 2024

Goal. A representation is a multisensory model of an object that may or may not be represented in direct perceptual experience. In this regard, the question arises about the possibility of including in the representation information about the way of action with an object (motor programs). The purpose of this work is to analyze the existing theoretical concepts and empirical studies of the thesis about the inclusion of motor knowledge in the representation of an object and the influence of this knowledge on other cognitive processes. Methods. The work examines such theoretical approaches as the theory of the dual visual system, the model of embedded representation, as well as approaches based on manipulation and intention. In particular, the effect of compatibility is analyzed, which consists in reaction time reduction in the case of a congruence of the executed motor program and the perceived object. Results. The compatibility effect can be found in naming, categorization, and visual search tasks. The conditions for the occurrence of the compatibility effect in visual search are considered. Conclusions. It is assumed that there are two alternative explanations for the compatibility effect in the visual search — the conflict resolution in working memory or the inhibition of affordances hypothesis.
New theoretical approaches to the study of the phenomenon of gaslighting
Authors: Ermolova Т.V. , Litvinov A.V. , Balygina E.A. , Chernova O.E.
Published: April 2024

Gaslighting is typically viewed as a form of psychological manipulation that makes the victim doubt his or her sense of reality and leads to a loss of agency and mental stability. It was spotted over 60 years ago and has long been the subject of study by psychiatrists. Recently, interest in the phenomenon of gaslighting has grown significantly, becoming the subject of research by scientists of various scientific disciplines, which inevitably leads to the expansion of the meaning of this phenomenon and endowing it with additional properties. Psychology is thought to have contributed to this process through the study of symbolic interactionism, attachment theory, self-verification theory, and shared reality. This article presents the dynamics of the development of this term, defines the main features of this phenomenon, and analyzes the basis on which new approaches to the study of gaslighting in modern international psychology are built. The most common assumption in the latest studies is that gaslighting is possible when standard social-cognitive mechanisms are involved in atypical social situations. Relationships with significant others largely determine people's epistemic needs: close people shape and reflect an individual's self-image and perception of the surrounding reality. It is this special position of loved ones that gives gaslighters leverage over the victim.
Children and War: Review of Foreign Studies
Authors: Aleksandrova L.A. , Dmitrieva S.O.
Published: April 2024

The article provides an overview of foreign studies on psychological status of children and adolescents directly or indirectly affected by hostilities. Key areas of research are identified, including the studies of the consequences of different traumatic experiences: active hostilities, bombardment, destruction and loss of housing, secondary traumatization through media, loss of loved ones, etc. Proceedings dedicated to links between the intensity of symptoms of PTSD and proximity to hostility epicenters, problems of refugee children. Results of longitudinal studies of the psychological consequences of prolonged hostilities are highlighted. Article contains analysis of psychophysiological, emotional, cognitive, psychosocial disturbances in children, caused by military traumatic experience in conjunction with the manifestations of PTSD such as intrusion, avoidance, dissociative symptoms. Authors also paid attention to studies devoted to the role of resources as mediating the influence of military traumatic experience on the child’s mind: sociocultural, family, and individual, such as resilience, optimism, ways of coping. An overview of some psychological assistance programs and new methods for assessing the status of children experienced the collision with war is provided.
Virus-mediated neuron-specific retrograde gene delivery in spinal cord injury
Authors: Chelyshev Yuri A. , Mukhamedshina Yana O.
Published: April 2024

To support neuronal function and restoration, virus-mediated neuron-specific retrograde transport is an effective tool for determining the localization of neuronal somas, identifying interneuronal connections, and facilitating the retrograde delivery of therapeutic transgenes. In experimental spinal cord injury, the retrograde transport of therapeutic transgenes offers several advantages over other more common delivery methods, such as targeted transfer of genetic constructs to specific types of spinal neuron somas, low invasiveness, relatively low risk of inflammatory response, and potential for repeated injections. Research on retrograde transport has extensively focused on enhancing its efficiency through capsid modification and application of novel promoters.
This review presents a detailed examination of the outcomes of virus-mediated neuron-specific retrograde transduction of transgenes after intramuscular injection of genetic constructs. In retrograde delivery technology, the ability to choose between monosynaptic and polysynaptic transports, depending on the specific viral vector used, was a positive aspect. The review also addresses the effects of virus-mediated retrograde transduction on both spinal motoneurons and interneurons, which collectively form motor neuronal networks. By delivering transgenes through retrograde transport along axons from the periphery to the perikarya of spinal neurons, not only localized effects within the spinal cord but also in supraspinal structures can be anticipated, a crucial aspect in restoring extensive neural connections.
Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation improves reproductive outcomes in women of the POSEIDON IV group
Authors: Morán-Orozco Eugenia Irene , Lezama-Ruvalcaba Jorge Luis , Paladino-Barquera Gerardo A. , Salazar-Trujillo Jose Carlos , Laguna-Pérez David Alejandro , Salazar-López Ortiz Carlos G. , Hidalgo-Carrera Jaime Antonio
Published: April 2024

Background: The decrease in ovarian reserve has become one of the main causes of infertility. Recent studies have sought to improve the reproductive outcomes of these women through adjuvant treatments. In patients undergoing assisted reproduction treatments, exogenous Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or prasterone acts as a precursor to testosterone in the follicular fluid, which increases steroidogenesis and the number of primary and antral follicles.
Methods: A quantitative, quasi-experimental case series study was carried out in the clinical area of assisted reproduction from August 2021 to March 2022. All women included were over 34 years and categorized as POSEIDON IV. They were supplemented with 100 mg of DHEA one month prior to the follicular capture. Data was collected from the records of the patients who met the inclusion criteria, including the antral follicle count on the first three days of the menstrual period before the supplementation and one month after. Finally, the number of metaphase II oocytes and blastocysts obtained were analyzed.
Results: There were 22 women underwent controlled ovarian stimulation; there was a difference in antral follicle count from 5±2.1 SD to 8.23​±4.29 SD (p=0.004) and MII oocytes 3.25±2.31 to 4.53±3.27 (p=0.04) before DHEA and after DHEA, respectively.
Conclusions: DHEA or prasterone supplementation can be used as an adjuvant treatment in women of the POSEIDON IV group one month before the ovarian stimulation to improve their reproductive outcome.
Study of consumption of blood and blood components in emergency obstetrics patients
Authors: Vaghela Zeel R. , Mewada Bhavna N. , Patel Akash J. , Kapadia Labdhi M.
Published: April 2024

Background: Most of the emergencies in the labour room, which require blood and blood product transfusion includes, complications of abortion, placenta previa, ruptured ectopic pregnancy and haemorrhage in labouring patients. Patients may come with severe anaemia and may develop post-partum haemorrhage or any other complications resulting in massive blood loss and rapid deterioration in well-being of the mother. Blood transfusion has become life-saving in management of haemorrhage in obstetric patients. However, like all treatments, it may result in acute or delayed complications.
Methods: This retrospective study has included the patients who came with obstetric emergencies requiring blood and blood products during antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum period at the obstetrics and gynaecology department, at tertiary care hospital between December 2022 to December 2023.
Results: Multigravida patients required more blood transfusion (69.23%) compared to primigravida (30.76%). Anaemia (38.46%) was the commonest indication for blood transfusion followed by post-partum haemorrhage (21.53%). Fever and shivering (3.07%) were seen to be the commonest adverse reactions. This study observed 92.3% live birth and 7.7% intrauterine foetal demise. Wound gap developed in 3(4.61%) patients following blood and blood products transfusion.
Conclusions: Transfusing blood or its components holds utmost importance in comprehensive obstetric care, as emphasised by the current study. Haemorrhage in labouring patients and anaemia are leading causes of maternal morbidities and mortalities. The most effective outcomes in management are achieved through a carefully planned multidisciplinary protocol. Prompt availability of blood and blood components helps to avert mortality in a considerable number of cases.
Neonatal outcome of babies born with congenital anomalies after pediatric surgery
Authors: Sharma Snigdha , Sharma Arti , Maletha Madhukar
Published: April 2024

Background: Congenital anomalies are the major cause of adverse neonatal outcome and mortality.  Some congenital anomalies are correctable and there is immense role of pediatric surgery in treatment of these anomalies. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of congenital anomalies and to evaluate clinical outcome of babies after surgical intervention.
Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department during the period of 1 year. All the delivered babies in this hospital during this period were examined by obstetricians and pediatricians for the presence of various congenital anomalies. Babies with correctable anomalies were operated by the Pediatric Surgery Department and outcome of babies at the time of discharge was included. Data were entered into a case record form and then in the excel sheet and were analyzed statistically.
Results: During the study period, 1670 babies were delivered in our institution; of which, 32 babies had congenital malformations, giving the prevalence of 1.91%. The system involved predominantly was the gastrointestinal (GI) system (80%). Pregnancy with congenital malformation were associated with malpresentation, anemia and polyhydramnios. Overall, most babies operated for pediatric surgery had good outcome.
Conclusions: Pre pregnancy high-dose folic acid supplementation, regular antenatal visits, and prenatal diagnosis are recommended for prevention, early detection and management of congenital anomalies. There is great importance of Level II and NT NB Scan. Pediatric surgery is a boon in babies with correctable anomalies.
A retrospective analysis on the association between aetiology and symptomatology of ovarian carcinoma at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Ankita Kumari , Palve Tushar Tatyaba , Thatikonda Rajashree , Upadhyay Dishant
Published: April 2024

Background: Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of cancer related mortality in women, but is often diagnosed during late stages since the symptomatology at onset of illness is often vague and inconsistent. Mortality and morbidity in carcinoma ovary patients are found to reduce dramatically when definitive diagnosis is arrived upon at early stages. Thus, the aim of our study was to analyse the symptomatology of diagnosed cases of carcinoma ovary with its known aetiology to elicit significant associations that may aid in diagnostic cues for this elusive disease. This study aimed to analyse the symptomatology of diagnosed cases of carcinoma ovary with its etiological factors.
Methods: In a retrospective design, data was collected from hospital records and interviewing known cases of ovarian cancer, age at presentation, age at first child birth, parity, BMI, family history, chief complaint at presentation was analysed.
Results: Abdominal pain was the chief complaint in majority of patients. Majority of the patients were having parity less than 2. Over one-third of patients had obesity. Age at presentation, age at first child birth, and parity were not associated or correlated with each other.  Age at first child birth was significantly higher (27 years vs 22 years) in those having positive family history for ovarian cancer.
Conclusions: Later age of first child birth, obesity and parity less than 2 were found to have positive association with carcinoma ovary.
Ectopic pregnancies at a tertiary care centre: a five-year retrospective study
Authors: Wakode Shamrao Ramji , Sharma Sakshi Pramod
Published: April 2024

Background: Ectopic Pregnancy results in significant morbidity. Our aim during present study was to understand age wise, parity wise distribution of cases, risk factors, clinical presentation and management of ectopic pregnancy which may be useful in lowering morbidity and mortality.
Methods: A five-year retrospective study was done from 2019 to 2023; comprising detailed medical records of detected cases of ectopic pregnancies admitted to the tertiary care centre.
Results: Incidence of ectopic pregnancy during present study was 0.40%. 65.48% of ectopic pregnancy cases recorded in the age group of 21-30 years. Majority of parity wise cases were multipara (63.95%). There were no risk factors noted in 34.01% cases. Majority of the cases (65.95%) had one or the other distinguishable risk factor. 21.68% cases had history of Tubectomy, while 19.38% ectopic gestation had history of abortion. Most of the patients presented with clinical presentation of amenorrhoea 59.89%. 55.83% cases had bleeding per vaginum, while 47.71% had pain in abdomen. Most common ectopic pregnancy site was ampulla, with 63.95% cases. Ultrasonic findings showed ruptured ectopic pregnancy in 59.39% cases and unruptured in 30.45%.  Regarding mode of management in the cases, surgical management with unilateral total salpingectomy (56.79%) was most commonly performed, followed by salpingoopherectomy (14.81%).
Conclusions: Ectopic pregnancy is a common obstetric emergency leading to first trimester morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of these cases requires a high index of clinical suspicion and early intervention often is lifesaving. Hence, knowledge of the disease related trends and timely management is the key for successful outcomes in such cases.
Evaluating the efficacy of metal suction cannula for atonic postpartum haemorrhage management in rural south Gujarat: a two-year observational study
Authors: Shrivastav Ritika , Shrivastava Rekha
Published: April 2024

Background: In resource-constrained regions characterized by limited healthcare infrastructure, low female literacy rates, and constrained access to medical resources, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains a dire obstetric emergency. This research article investigates the effectiveness of metal suction cannula as a simple, safe and cost-effective technique for atonic PPH management in a private hospital in Rural South Gujarat. The primary aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the metal suction cannula in managing atonic PPH and the maternal outcome after suction technique.
Methods: This observational study was conducted in Shreeji hospital, a private multifacility hospital in rural south Gujarat over the period of two years, between June 2021-May 2023 and involved 148 patients who were admitted for labour and delivery but later developed atonic PPH after AMTSL. Metal cannula and high vacuum suction machine was used. Data like patient demographics, risk factors, and post-procedural outcomes were studied.
Results: Following application of the metal vacuum cannula technique, bleeding stopped within five minutes in 78 women (52.7%). For 53 women (35.8%), bleeding ceased between 5-10 minutes. In 17 women (11.4%), bleeding was effectively halted after more than ten minutes. In 87 women (58.8%), negative pressure was applied only once, resulting in successful hemorrhage control. 38 women (25.6%) required suction application two times and 25 women (20.8%) needed three applications of negative pressure to effectively stop the bleeding. The volume of blood collected in the bottle after metal vacuum cannula application ranged from 100 to 300 ml.
Conclusions: Factors such as ease of use, affordability, and improved clinical outcomes make suction cannulas an effective tool in the management of PPH in resource limited areas. It requires minimal training, conserves the uterus, is technically less challenging and reduces the requirement of blood and blood products.
Male factor infertility with Azoospermia: our experience in a tertiary care centre
Authors: P. Sandeep Sethumadhavan , Sharma Rajesh , Dhawan Vikas , Chawla Sushil
Published: April 2024

Azoospermia is the absence of spermatozoa in two separate centrifuged semen samples. It is one of the major contributors of male factor infertility. Usually detected in the course of infertility evaluation. Many forms of azoospermia are amenable to medical treatment. Authors report a case series of 16 cases of infertility with Azoospermia which were managed in the Assisted reproductive technology centre of a tertiary care teaching hospital of the Indian Navy in Mumbai between Jun 2022 to Jul 2023. Out of the 16 cases 13 cases underwent surgical sperm retrieval by PESA/TESE. We could retrieve sperms in 11 cases. In 5 cases the retrieved sperms were motile and in 6 cases immotile sperms were obtained. ICSI done with both motile and immotile sperms resulted in fertilization. Our study shows that IVF-ICSI can produce successful fertilization even with Immature sperms or sperms obtained directly from the testicular tissue and IVF-ICSI allows for pregnancy in couple where the man has irreversible azoospermia as long as it is possible to recover sperm from the testes.
Labia minora necrosis secondary to bilateral Bartholin cyst resection: a case report
Authors: Moreno Karla Durán , Martínez Cabrales Filiberto , Rivas Penilla Luisa Fernanda
Published: April 2024

This is a case report of a necrosis of labia minora secondary to bilateral Bartholin cyst resection. A 48-year-old woman with history of bilateral Bartholin cyst resection in the previous month, she presented a discontinuity of the right labia minora in its upper segment of 2x3 cm, she reported no pain or discomfort, no dyspareunia. A labiaplasty with edge resection technique was performed there were no signs of hematoma or any complications in the procedure. In a 3 month follow up we observed a resolution of necrosis, no dyspareunia and had adequate aesthetic results. This is a rare complication in large Bartholin gland cysts, there is scarce literature about it and there is no evidence as to which labiaplasty technique is superior in the case of this complication. We present an option of treatment in a labia minora necrosis due to a surgical complication.
Laparoscopic resection of functional non communicating rudimentary horn of uterus in adolescent girl
Authors: Aggarwal Ramita , Kaur Jagpreet , Gupta Monika
Published: April 2024

Unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn is a rare type of mullerian anomaly associated with many obstetrical and gynaecological complications. The incidence is approximately 1:100000. Author reports a case of 18-year-old unmarried female with unicornuate uterus with non-communicating and functional rudimentary horn presented with chief complaint of refractory dysmenorrhea.
Unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy with very high levels of beta HCG: a rare case report
Authors: Rajmane Shantanu H. , Ubale Sunita M. , Anand Mamta N. , Senapati J. B.
Published: April 2024

When the fertilized ovum is implanted outside the endometrial cavity, it is termed as ectopic pregnancy. The most common site being fallopian tube. The commonest site to be affected is ampulla of the fallopian tube followed by isthmus. Fimbrial and interstitial are rare sites for ectopic pregnancy. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increased over couple of decades. Important causes include PID, previous history of ectopic pregnancy, h/o tubal reconstructive surgery, h/o artificial reproductive techniques like IVF, use of IUD’s, h/o of tubal ligation etc. Fallopian tubal ectopic usually ruptures at duration of 7-8 weeks gestation. A ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy can lead to massive haemorrhage leading to tachycardia, hypotension endangering life, which requires emergency surgical intervention & transfusion blood and blood products. Ectopic pregnancy with beta HCG <5000 IU/L, Gestational sac <4 cm, & vitally stable, can be managed medically with methotrexate, whereas higher levels of beta HCG, Gestational sac > 4 cm with live ectopic pregnancy and vitally unstable becomes obstetric emergency which should be managed surgically. Thorough clinical examination, use of ultrasonography and beta HCG levels, helps in timely diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy which can be lifesaving. This is a rare case report of unruptured live fimbrial ectopic pregnancy with very high levels of beta HCG (>50,000 mIU/ml), which was managed surgically.
A rare case report on complications in pregnancy with systemic lupus erythematosus in a post-renal transplant patient
Authors: Chavan Niranjan N. , Ajmera Darshana P. , Kapote Deepali S. , Deshmukh Prasad Y. , Sheriar Zubin N. , Pathan Zeba Haroon , Boob Manan M.
Published: April 2024

To preview the feto-maternal outcome in post-renal transplant pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To distinguish preeclampsia from hypertension in renal transplant recipients as diagnosis is not always straightforward and all differentials need a thorough evaluation. Hypertension is a prevalent issue among kidney transplant recipients, with reported incidence rates ranging from 52% to 69%. Additionally, the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in renal transplant recipients falls within the range of 24% to 38%, demonstrating a significantly elevated risk compared to the 4-5% incidence rate seen in the general population. A 29-year-old female para 1 IUFD 1 abortion 1, in a known case of SLE with hypothyroidism with lupus nephritis with post renal transplant status with thrombocytopenia with preeclampsia with day 7 of emergency LSCS done in view of non-progress of labor with intrauterine fetal demise with abruptio placenta referred in view of query SLE flare or severe preeclamptic features with rectus sheath hematoma. Renal transplant restores fertility; thus, pregnancy requires careful planning and affected women should be managed in tertiary care obstetrics centers working in tight multidisciplinary cooperation with transplant physicians.
A case report on caesarean myomectomy
Authors: Mishra Shalini , Sinha Namrata , Prasad Anima , Kumar Amrish
Published: April 2024

Routine myomectomy at the time of caesarean section has been condemned in the past due to fear of uncontrolled haemorrhage and peripartum hysterectomy. It is still a topic of debate worldwide. However, in recent years, many case studies of caesarean myomectomy have been published validating its safety without any significant complications like excessive blood loss. We describe the case of a 23-year-old nulliparous women at 38 weeks of pregnancy with history of previous abortion. Her ultrasound was suggestive of singleton live intrauterine pregnancy with multiple intramurals and subserosal uterine fibroids seen in fundus, body region, posterior and anterior myometrium with largest fibroid of size 9×6.1 cm. The patient was taken up for elective caesarean section along with caesarean myomectomy. Live baby was delivered and successful myomectomy was done. Prophylactically oxytocin drip was given and intra myometrial carboprost was given to avoid blood loss. Patient was discharged on post-operative day 12 without any complications. Routine myomectomy at the time of caesarean section is not a standard procedure. However, it may be considered a safe option in carefully selected cases in the hands of an experienced obstetrician.
Beyond the scalpel: unveiling the transformative landscape of robotic gynecologic procedures
Authors: Kalwaniya Dheer Singh , Gupta Sumedha
Published: April 2024

This review aims to present a comprehensive assessment of the current status and impact of robotic-assisted laparoscopy (RAL) in gynecological surgery across various subspecialties, exploring its benefits, applications, and challenges. This included studies evaluating RAL in general gynecology, urogynecology, and gynecological oncology. RAL has emerged as a transformative technology, demonstrating efficacy in procedures ranging from routine gynecologic tasks to complex oncological surgeries. The adoption of RAL has facilitated improved surgical outcomes, reduced learning curves, and enhanced visualization. Superior dexterity, 3D vision, and filtered tremor contribute to its precision. The ergonomic advantages, including intuitive instrument movements and a third assisting arm, further enhance positive outcomes. Notably, RAL has shown promise in managing challenging patient demographics, such as morbidly obese individuals and those with intricate pelvic anatomy. In gynecological oncology, RAL has become integral, manifesting benefits in endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancer surgeries. Despite challenges like cost considerations, RAL continues to shape the landscape of gynecological surgery, promising improved patient outcomes and contributing to the paradigm shift toward minimally invasive approaches. Ongoing research should focus on long-term cost-effectiveness, patient perspectives, and attitudes toward RAL, ensuring its continued integration into the evolving field of gynecological surgery.
A study on fibro-calculous pancreatic diabetes conducted in a tertiary medical institution in Northern Bihar
Authors: Paul Animesh , Rathore Yuvraj Singh , Akhtar Naushad , Paul Uttam Kumar
Published: April 2024

Fibro-calculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD), which is seen in tropical areas and is caused by idiopathic nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis, is characterized by pancreatic calcification and stomach pain. One female patient and nine male patients were identified as having FCPD. Half of the patients were under 30 years old, with an average age of 28.44±7.07. Seven individuals had diabetes for a shorter period of time than five years. Four patients reported with problems related to various infections, while six patients had osmotic complaints due to uncontrolled diabetes. With a mean waist-hip ratio of 0.89 and a mean BMI of 19.42, all of the patients were thinly built. With mean FBS of 231 mg/dl, PPBS of 469 mg/dl, and HbA1c of 11.96, all patients had uncontrolled diabetes. Microvascular issues affected 30% of the patients, while none of the patients experienced macrovascular complications. A rare type of secondary diabetes called FCPD is becoming more widespread in northern states like Bihar.
Rare presentations of Sjogren syndrome
Authors: Shah Miet D. , Malik Atiullah I. , Gill Niharika H. , Ghiya Murtuza N. , Jain Ashish K.
Published: April 2024

Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands. It most commonly presenting with sicca symptoms. Sicca refers to dryness most often involving the eyes and mouth due to inflammation and resultant pathology of the lacrimal and salivary glands. Up to one-half of affected individuals also develop extra-glandular involvement in organs such as the joints, skin, lungs, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, nervous system, and kidneys. This condition is frequently associated with other autoimmune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - called the secondary Sjogrens syndrome. Evaluation of a patient with suspected Sjogren syndrome should include an evaluation of oral and ocular dryness and function. In addition to the history, this may include the performance of a Schirmer test, slit-lamp exam with vital dye staining, salivary flow rate, and/or nuclear scintigraphic evaluation of the salivary glandular function. Assessment of autoantibodies (ANA, RF, SS-A, and SS-B) should also be performed. Of these, SS-A is probably the most sensitive and specific antibody for Sjogren's but alone is not diagnostic since it may be present in other autoimmune disorders and may be absent in up to a third of Sjogren cases. The most specific single test is a minor salivary gland (lip) biopsy which will demonstrate focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (FLS). Therapies are directed toward replacing moisture at affected glandular sites and suppressing the autoimmune response locally as well as systemically. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of Sjogren syndrome and explains the different rare presentations in which it can present.
An innovative development of a whole-body diagnostic device led to the ingenious discovery of comprehensive digital medicine that has potential to lead to health promotion of humankind and consequential rapid economic growth of the world
Authors: Biswas Abhijit , Ramasubramanian Krishnan
Published: April 2024

After working for a few decades, gas-discharge-visualization (GDV) device, alternatively called electro-photonic-imaging (EPI) device, was innovatively developed by Prof. K.G. Korotkov in 1995. The sophisticated GDV diagnostic device additionally is being used as an important tool for generating comprehensive-digital-medicine by feeding an electromagnetic signal from the GDV device to the comprehensive-digital-medicine preparation device, involving very low cost. This medicine helps to achieve near zero disease-levels in the various organs as well as the immune, endocrine and nervous systems of all health-conscious persons, who want to continue sincerely with the optimal combination of the preventive medicines of digital-homeopathy and evolved-homeopathy, and occasional GDV (once in a month) check-up. When this condition is achieved, about 20 years age-reduction is felt along with improvement of physical and mental stamina and increment in longevity. To begin with, the global organizations and insurance companies will have to provide for the first few years fund and offer suitable incentives (may be, appropriate annual cash-incentives after remaining under coverage of comprehensive-digital-medicine prevention scheme), since vast majority of the apparently healthy part of humankind believe that they’re healthy, although all of their organs are having imperceptible disease level between 0.8 to 1.0, and such disease level in immune system (including Spleen) cannot prevent tumors/ cancer and many other severe diseases. After a span of few years, global GDP can increase by 5% over a year (in contrast with the present 3%), when this increased GDP (due to better health and increase in retirement age) can fund such schemes.
Thyroid dysfunction in India: what is different
Authors: Singh S. K. , Singh Rina , Singh Santosh Kumar , Pandey Arun Kumar , Jaiswal Sarika , Rai Pradeep Kumar
Published: April 2024

Thyroid dysfunction (TD) is a common endocrine condition worldwide. Thyroid hormone is essential for growth, development, and energy metabolism. TD if left untreated leads to various serious health consequences. Various risk factors for the development of TD are iodine deficiency, ageing, genetic susceptibility, smoking status, ethnicity, and endocrine disruptors. Indians are at high risk for the development of TD as compared to Caucasians. Indian thyroid patients differ than Caucasians in many aspects such as higher prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism and other TD, higher rate of progression of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) to overt hypothyroidism (OH), and lower prevalence of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). In this article, we tried to summarize the current evidences regarding environmental and biological factors that place Indians at high risk of TD as compared to other ethnic groups. High prevalence and different characteristics of Indian TD call for investigation into cause of increased susceptibility and way to prevent TD at individual and population levels.
Identification of dental sexual dimorphism in deciduous teeth: A cross sectional study
Authors: Sankoung Soumboundou , Aziz Ayat Ben , Ndiaye Mamadou Lamine , Ndoye Soukeye
Published: April 2024

The study of sex diagnosis is essential to reconstruct the biological profile of an unknown individual. Two approaches are often used: morphometric and scopic. This three-dimensional morphometric study aimed to assess sexual dimorphism in temporary dentition.

: A total of 200 dental impressions digitized in 3D using the Revopoint® POP2 3D scanner were used for this odontometric analysis.

 Discriminant statistical analysis (Student's t-test) revealed that boys had higher mean values than girls for all distances measured. A highly significant sexual dimorphism was observed in the temporary second molars. The distance between the mandibular canines was slightly greater in boys, although this difference was not statistically significant.

 In conclusion, odontometric parameters are a simple, reliable, and inexpensive method of sex determination. The temporary canines and second molars are the most dimorphic.
Evaluation of adaptogenic and antidepressant activity of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Salacia chinensis in mice
Authors: Raunakkumar Chaurasiya , Kamble Jayalalita , Kumar Yeshavantha , Chaurasiya Ankita
Published: April 2024

Study was carried out to evaluate the Adaptogenic and Antidepressant effect of Salacia chinensis leaf extract in animal model.

Salacia chinensis is a plant species belonging to the family Celastraceae. This study was carried out to evaluate the Adaptogenic and Antidepressant effect of Salacia chinensis leaf extract in animal model. Swimming Endurance Test was used to evaluate the Adaptogenic activity in albino mice while Tail Suspension Test and Elevated Plus Maze test was used to evaluate the Antidepressant activity in albino mice. In Swimming Endurance model various biochemical parameters like blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides were estimated, weight of organs like liver, spleen and adrenal gland was measured in stress control and extract treated animals. Immobility as behavioural parameter was assessed in Tail Suspension Test and Elevated Plus Maze model of depression after treatment with hydroalcoholic extract of Salacia chinensis leaf at selected dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Results of the study have showed significant Adaptogenic and Antidepressant activity of Salacia chinensis.

Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis (15) Salacia chinensis leaves extract was subjected to chemical tests for the identification of their active constituents.

The results have indicated the presence of flavonoid, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, carbohydrates.

The biochemical estimation results obtained showed decrease in blood glucose, triglyceride, and slight increase in cholesterol level when compared to control which support the adaptogenic activity of the title plant as shown in table no: 02,03,04 and fig no: 03,04,05,06,07.

The duration of immobility was reduced after treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Salacia chinensis and results are significant on both high dose 400 mg/kg, p.o. (P<0.001) and low dose 200 mg/kg, p.o. (P<0.01) with that of standard Imipramine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) indicating that the extract possess significant antidepressant activity. Results depicted in table no: 05 and fig no: 08,09.

The hydroalcoholic extract of Salacia chinensis at high dose (400 mg/kg, p.o) (P˂0.05) significantly increased the number of entries in to open arm and total time spent in open arm as compared to control.

It shows increase in the mobility of the mice in open arm which suggest the antidepressant activity shown in table no:06 and fig no: 10,11.

Based on the results obtained from this study it can be concluded that the hydroalcoholic extract of Salacia chinensis leaves possess Adaptogenic and Antidepressant activity.

This beneficial effect of Salacia chinensis leaf might be due to presence of flavonoids, alkaloids and its derivatives.