bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foreign Direct Investment Dynamics in Hungary
Authors: Tsaurai Kunofiwa
Published: January 2018

The study discussed the dynamics of FDI in Hungary during the period from 1991 to 2015. The impact of FDI, FDI trends and determinants of FDI in Hungary were discussed. Empirical literature observed that FDI positively influenced economic growth in Hungary through boosting human capital development levels, total factor productivity, economic transformation, innovation, research and development, additional capital in the economy, modern technology, increased volume of additional capital and technology transfer. The study also revealed that most of the net FDI inflow into Hungary originated from developed countries and the least FDI net inflow came from transitional economies during the period under study. The general trend of FDI net inflow into Hungary followed a mixed pattern, with some years experiencing a positive net FDI inflow whilst other years were characterised by negative net FDI inflows. What is clear however is that FDI net inflow was consistently positive and experienced a positive growth following the integration of Hungary into the EU bloc of countries? The accession of Hungary into the EU removed barriers for the movement of capital, people, goods and services within the EU, reduced the cost of doing business and improved trade openness. These are the key locational advantages of FDI which improved FDI inflow into Hungary for a sustained period of time after the EU accession. The study also empirically tested the determinants of FDI in Hungary using the OLS multiple regression model with data ranging from 1991 to 2015. In contradiction to most previous studies on the subject matter, trade openness and financial development were found to have had a negative influence on FDI. The study also observed that inflation had a positive influence on FDI, contrary to Sayek (2009) who revealed that higher inflation levels erodes the foreign investorsâ€™ profits, thereby making the host country not an attractive investment destination. However, exchange rate, education and economic growth had a positive but non-significant impact on FDI in Hungary, consistent to both theoretical and empirical literature. The implication of the study is that the Hungarian authorities are urged to design and implement policies aimed at improving education and economic growth in order to attract more FDI. Practical steps need to be taken by the Hungarian authorities in making sure that the value of the local currency is not overvalued and that trade openness is controlled and managed so that it does not reach a point where it begins to negatively affect FDI inflows.
Trends in mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature and mean relative humidity for Lautoka, Fiji during 2003–2013
Authors: Ghani Syed , Deo Aman , Iqubal Md , Prasad Ramendra
Published: January 2018

The current work observes the trends in Lautoka’s temperature and relative humidity during the period 2003–2013, which were analyzed using the recently updated data obtained from Fiji Meteorological Services (FMS). Four elements, mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature along with diurnal temperature range (DTR) and mean relative humidity are investigated. From 2003–2013, the annual mean temperature has been enhanced between 0.02 and 0.080C. The heating is more in minimum temperature than in maximum temperature, resulting in a decrease of diurnal temperature range. The statistically significant increase was mostly seen during the summer months of December and January. Mean Relative Humidity has also increased from 3% to 8%. The bases of abnormal climate conditions are also studied. These bases were defined with temperature or humidity anomalies in their appropriate time sequences. These established the observed findings and exhibited that climate has been becoming gradually damper and heater throughout Lautoka during this period. While we are only at an initial phase in the probable inclinations of temperature changes, ecological reactions to recent climate change are already evidently noticeable. So it is proposed that it would be easier to identify climate alteration in a small island nation like Fiji.
Warunki termiczne a zanieczyszczenie powietrza w wybranych miastach Polski w sezonie zimowym 2016/2017
Authors: Czarnecka Małgorzata , Nidzgorska-Lencewicz Jadwiga , Rawicki Kacper
Published: January 2018

The study presents statistical evaluation of the effect of air temperature and thermal inversion (surface and elevated) on concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 and sulphur dioxide in Gdańsk, Wrocław and Warsaw during calendar winter (December – February) in 2016/17. It was shown that in the analysed winter period, air temperature in the ground layer (up to 200 cm) strongly influenced variability in concentrations of sulphur dioxide and both fractions of particulate matter in each city, particularly in the night-time (7 p.m. – 6 a.m.). Negative effect on the amount of analyzed pollutants were mainly the thickness of surface inversion layers. However, large thickness of day-time mixing layer determined by high altitude of the base of elevated inversion had a markedly positive effect on dispersion of pollutants.
The influence of temperature differences for the analysis of thin orthotropic cylindrical shell
Authors: Treschev Alexandr , Bobrishev Alexander , Shafigullin Lenar , Shereshevsky Michael , Spasskaya Maria
Published: January 2018

A problem of elasticity of cylindrical shell made of orthotropic different resistant material is considered in this article. The problem is uncoupled, i.e. it consists of two separate problems: of structural mechanics and of thermodynamics. The article contains research of a shell within the framework of shallow shells theory. The solution is based on the technical hypotheses of Kirchhoff-Love. The relations of Treschev A.A. are used in the capacity of physical dependencies. The main relations are used in the form of the elastic solutions method of Ilushin A.A. The process of heat transfer is described by classic equation of heat conductivity. The article introduces a system of solving equations in combined form supplemented by initial conditions and boundary conditions.
The Plant Production in Norway
Authors: Kozioł-Kaczorek Dorota
Published: January 2018

A problem of the Norwegian agricultural policy, a description of the current types of subsidies for plant production and ongoing changes in the plant production in the years 2001 – 2016 is presented in this paper. There are also short information about topography of Norway and climate conditions. The main aim of the publication is to characterize changes in the plant production in the considered period. There is not too many publications about the Norwegian agriculture and plant production. The data from Statistiska Sentralbyrå (Statistics Norway) were used in the quantitative analysis. The results indicate the slight changes in the plant production in Norwegian agriculture i.e. decrease of number of holdings with plant, decrease of area of crops and size of yields.
The Standard Model of Trade and the Marshall – Lerner Condition
Authors: Krzyżanowski Julian
Published: January 2018

There are similarities between standard trade model and Marshall-Lerner condition. However, in order to see whether the condition can work both ways (with decrease and increase of the currency exchange rate), and the properties of this model could be thoroughly utilized, the revaluation case is being considered. The J-curve effect is also being examined. Looking at further research ideas, the Marshall–Lerner condition could be a complimentary tool in explaining the standard model.
Os bebês no cotidiano da creche: ação social, corpo e experiência
Authors: Coutinho Angela Maria
Published: January 2018

A ação social dos bebês imprime marcas ao cotidiano da educação infantil que questionam as lógicas de organização centradas na normatização das ações e relações. Tais marcas perpassam, sobretudo, o reconhecimento da presença corporificada dos bebês, que manifestam-se e relacionam-se lançando mão de formas comunicacionais que exigem do professor um constante exercício de escuta e interpretação, reposicionando a própria compreensão do que significa a docência com os bebês e crianças bem pequenas. Com essa compreensão, a organização do cotidiano da educação infantil é analisada com base na ação social dos bebês e no pressuposto que o corpo é um dos componentes dessa ação e uma experiência que se constitui na (inter)ação. O texto toma por base duas etnografias visuais desenvolvidas em creches com grupos de bebês, uma em Florianópolis, Brasil, e outra em Braga, Portugal.
Pedagogia-em-Participação: a documentação pedagógica no âmago da instituição dos direitos da criança no cotidiano
Authors: Oliveira-Formosinho Júlia , Formosinho João
Published: January 2018

A documentação pedagógica pode se constituir como garante, no cotidiano educativo, do direito da criança à participação, concretizado na coconstrução de sua jornada de aprendizagem. A desconstrução da pedagogia convencional é passo essencial para a reconstrução das pedagogias participativas, especificamente da Pedagogia-em-Participação. Os diferentes papéis da documentação nessa pedagogia são referidos, destacando-se o seu papel nos processos de desenvolvimento profissional e de autorregulação da função docente, de modo a garantir os direitos da criança no cotidiano pedagógico.
La imposible travesía del naturalismo entre el dualismo y la irrelevancia de lo mental
Authors: Soler Gil Francisco José
Published: January 2018

Resumen: En este artículo se defiende la tesis de que la concepción naturalista de la mente es un planteamiento inestable, que tiende a derivar en uno de estos dos extremos opuestos e indeseados por el pensador naturalista: dualismo y escepticismo. Cuanto más se esfuerza un autor por evitar el epifenomenalismo de lo mental, con más sustantividad —y, por ende, autonomía frente al cerebro— nos presenta la mente; cuanto más se esfuerza por evitar el dualismo, tanto más superfluo e irrelevante se convierte el ámbito del pensa­miento. Este resultado arroja serias dudas sobre la viabilidad de la concepción naturalista de la mente. Palabras clave: naturalismo, mente, cerebro, dualismo, escepticismo, Plantinga, Dennett, Chalmers Abstract: This article defends the thesis that the naturalistic approach to mind is an unstable approach, which tends to lead to one of two opposite views: dualism or scepticism. (But both views are “abhorrent” for the naturalistic thinker). The more an author strives to avoid the epiphenomenalism of the mental, the more substantivity must be given to the mind. Thus the mind becomes more and more autonomous from the brain. On the other hand, the more he strives to avoid dualism, the more superfluous and irrelevant becomes the realm of thought. This result casts serious doubt on the viability of the naturalistic approach to mind. Keywords: naturalism, mind, brain, dualism, skepticism, Plantinga, Dennett, Chalmers Recibido: 02/11/2012 Aprobado: 18/04/2013
El doble sentido del reduccionismo científico. De Galileo, Darwin y Freud al monismo irrestricto: análisis crítico y propuesta del “único monismo posible”
Authors: Teruel Pedro Jesús
Published: January 2018

Resumen: En esta contribución me interesaré por una de las vías maestras de la investiga­ción a partir de la revolución científica (el reduccionismo ontológico) y, en particular, por una de sus modalidades (el reduccionismo ontológico interteórico) para mostrar su co­nexión con la postura monista. Seguidamente expondré los motivos por los cuales estimo que el monismo irrestricto constituye una vía epistémica muerta y pondré en valor su única variante que considero fundamentada: el monismo nouménico.  Palabras clave: Método científico, reduccionismo ontológico, monismo nouménico, Ga­lileo, Darwin, Freud. Abstract: This paper will focus upon one of the chief methods of research after the scien­tific revolution (ontological monism) and in particular on one of its modalities (intertheoretical ontological reductionism) in order to demonstrate its links with the mo­nistic thesis. I will then go on to explain the reasons which lead me to consider irrestrict monism as a tool without epistemological value and I will emphasize the only version I think well founded: noumenic monism. Keywords: Scientific method, ontological reductionism, noumenic monism, Galileo, Darwin, Freud. Recibido: 07/02/2013 Aprobado: 18/04/2013
Monismo y reduccionismo epistemologico: Una revisión desde la unidad/pluralidad aristotélica
Authors: Velázquez Fernández Héctor
Published: January 2018

Resumen: El monismo destaca en la historia del pensamiento como una propuesta inte­gradora, de sencilla lectura y de resultado eficaz. El pluralismo, en cambio, apuesta por obligar a la mente a que ante la multiplicidad disímbola, se halle un hilo conductor. Así pues, al monismo se le achaca su estrechez de miras, mientras que al pluralismo se le exige encontrar vínculos reales, que de no existir, nos harían renunciar a la realidad. Ambas posturas son deudoras del reduccionismo, que va tras la realidad sencilla, coherente e ínter subjetiva. Una zona franca con la que el intelecto suele avenirse con facilidad. En este texto se hace una valoración crítica del reduccionismo a partir de las intuiciones aristotéli­cas sobre la unidad y la pluralidad, con la intención de encontrar algún sustituto útil al monismo y al pluralismo, que nos lleve a conocer lo que de verdad hay en la cosas y no sólo sus avatares múltiples o unitarios. Palabras clave: Monismo, pluralismo, reduccionismo, unidad, pluralidad. Abstract: The philosophical proposal of monism tries to obtain a knowledge according to a simplistic and uncomplex reading of the reality. In the opposite side, the pluralism forces to human mind to find relationship among the different elements of the reality. The both, monism and pluralism, depends on reductionism. In this text is discussed its limits and risks, based on aristotelian point of view about the unity and plurality, trying to go beyond the monistic and pluralistic positions. Key words: Monism, pluralism, reductionism, unity, plurality. Recibido. 01/12/2012 Aprobado: 18/04/2013
Reflexiones con ocasión del libro «Los sótanos del universo»
Authors: Del Ama Carlos
Published: January 2018

Resumen: En este artículo se comentan seis temas, tomando como punto de partida la lectura del libro del profesor Juan Arana: la epistemología del riesgo, la causa, el determinismo, la mecánica del lamarquismo, la verdad y reflexiones sobre el mal a propósito de Hume.Palabras clave: El mal, la verdad, causa, efecto, evolución, lamarquismo, riesgo, determinismo, libertad, Kant, Hume, Leibniz, Garcia Morente, Ortega, Zubiri.Abstract: Six matters are mentioned in this paper starting from the reading of prof. Juan Arana’s work: epistemology of risk, cause, determinism, the mechanics of Lamarquism, truth and reflections on evil in relation to Hume.Keywords: Evil, Truth, Cause, Effect, Evolution, Lamarquism, Risk, Determinism, Freedom, Kant, Hume, Leibniz, García Morente, Ortega, Zubiri.Recibido: 10 de diciembre de 2012. Aprobado: 12 de diciembre de 2013.
De los sótanos al ático del universo
Authors: Espinosa Luciano
Published: January 2018

Resumen: El libro Los sótanos del universo es una excelente exposición sobre las categorías y relaciones que permiten afirmar la sorprendente inteligibilidad del universo, lo cual abunda en la enigmática complejidad de este pero no hace más verosímil una hipótesis sobrenatural.Palabras clave: universo, causas, complejidad, azar.Abstract: The book Los Sótanos del Universo is an excellent exposition of the categories and relations that allow to affirm the surprising intelligibility of the universe. Although this intelligibility abounds in the enigmatic complexity of it, the supernatural hypothesis does not become more plausible.Keywords: Universe, Causes, Complexity, Randomness.Recibido: 11 de septiembre de 2013. Aprobado: 12 de diciembre de 2013.
De los sótanos a los confines del universo
Authors: Gonzalo Julio A.
Published: January 2018

Resumen: La Cosmología contemporánea nos presenta un universo finito, con una masa enorme pero finita y una extensión espacio-temporal enorme pero finita. El libro de Juan Arana se muestra crítico con Kant al respecto, pero podría haber ahondado más en la crítica a las deficiencias lógicas del filósofo alemán con relación al universo.Palabras clave: Cosmología contemporánea, Kant, subjetivismo.Abstract: The contemporary cosmology presents a finite universe —with huge mass but finite and an enormous spatial-temporal extension but finite as well. In relation to this matter, even though Juan Arana’s work is critical with Kant, his critique could have been more severe due to the logical deficiencies of the German philosopher regarding the universe.Keywords: Contemporary Cosmology, Kant, Subjectivism.Recibido: 20 de enero de 2013. Aprobado: 12 de diciembre de 2013.
De riesgos y metáforas. En torno a «Los sótanos del universo»
Authors: Meléndez Sánchez Juan
Published: January 2018

Resumen: Dos ecos galileanos percibidos en Los sótanos del universo: (1) La epistemología del riesgo que preconiza Juan Arana se prefigura en el cálculo de errores que inaugura (al menos conceptualmente) Galileo, y que se opone al paradigma del rigor escolástico que sigue arraigado en la filosofía de Descartes y sus sucesores. (2) La metáfora del conocimiento como resultado del “problema inverso” que resuelven los geólogos, infiriendo la estructura de la Tierra de los ecos de los terremotos, sugiere un paralelismo con el “subsuelo matemático” en el que residen las teorías para Galileo, y nos hace especular sobre la naturaleza matemática de la realidad última.Palabras clave: Epistemología, Galileo, Escolástica, Descartes, Ciencia, Cálculo de errores, Matemáticas.Abstract: Two Galilean echoes perceived in Los Sótanos del Universo: (1) The epistemology of risk precognised by Juan Arana is prefigured in the calculus of errors that Galileo inaugurate (conceptually at least) and that is opposed to the paradigm of scholastic rigour which is found in Descartes and in his successors’ philosophy. (2) The metaphor of knowledge as result of the “inverse problem”, which geologists solve deducing the estructure of the Earth from the echoes produced by earthquakes, suggests a similarity with the “underground of mathematics” where the theories are according to Galileo and that make us questioning about the mathematical nature of the final reality.Keywords: Epistemology, Galileo, Scholasticism, Descartes, Science, Calculus of Errors, Mathematics.Recibido: 18 de diciembre de 2012. Aprobado: 12 de diciembre de 2013.
Sótanos del universo, espejos del alma
Authors: Sánchez Cañizares Javier
Published: January 2018

Resumen: Este comentario aprecia la metodología realista e interdisciplinar de la obra Los sótanos del universo. Se dialoga con el autor sobre el valor epistemológico del azar; la interpretación de la mecánica cuántica y la posibilidad de reducción en los sistemas dinámicos complejos. Se destaca por último la finalidad ínsita en la inteligibilidad del universo como vía de apertura de la ciencia a la trascendencia.Palabras clave: inteligibilidad del universo; finalidad; interdisciplinariedad.Abstract: This article appreciates the realistic and interdisciplinary approach of the book Los sótanos del universo. It debates with the author on the epistemic value of randomness; the interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and the possibility of reduction for complex dynamical systems. It finally highlights the inherent purpose associated to the intelligibility of the universe as a way of opening science to transcendence.Keywords: Intelligibility of the Universe; Purpose; Interdisciplinarity.Recibido: 4 de junio de 2013. Aprobado: 12 de diciembre de 2013.
Crítica y refutación lógica del spinozismo
Authors: Aragüés Aliaga Rafael
Published: January 2018

Resumen: En la última sección de la Lógica de la Esencia Hegel lleva a cabo una profunda confrontación con la filosofía de Spinoza. Esta confrontación se articula en una crítica primero y en una refutación definitiva del spinozismo después. Ambas son esenciales para entender la metafísica hegeliana misma.   Palabras clave: Hegel - spinozismo - metafísica - Ciencia de la lógicaAbstract: In the last section of the Logic of the Essence Hegel carries out a profound discussion with Spinoza’s philosophy. This discussion consists first in a critique and then in the definitive refutation of Spinozism. Both issues are essential for the comprehension of Hegel’s metaphysics.Key words: Hegel - Spinozism - metaphysics - Science of Logic
Marίa Zambrano interpreta Spinoza e Hegel
Authors: Coppi Paola
Published: January 2018

Resumen: María Zambrano empieza su estudio de Spinoza con su tesi doctoral La salvacíon del individuo en Spinoza. El filósofo neerlandés es, para ella, una persona clave y fundamental  dentro de la evolución de la filosofía, sobre todo por el concepto que Spinoza tiene de la Totalidad, de Dios como causa sui y Deus sive natura. La especulación filosófica de la filósofa andaluza finaliza, sin embargo, con Hegel, de quien interpreta, de una manera original, la idea de la Historia como  experiencia implacable y necesaria del Geist.Palabras clave: salvacíon - individuo - totalidad - Deus - Naturaleza.Abstract: María Zambrano begins her study of Spinoza with her doctoral thesis La salvacíon del individuo en Spinoza. The Dutch philosopher is, for her, a milestone in the evolution of philosophy, especially for Spinoza’s concept of Totality, of Deus causa sui and Deus sive natura. The philosophical speculation of the Spanish philosopher ends, however, with Hegel, whose idea of history as a necessary and relentless experience of the Geist, she interpretes in an original way. Key words: Salvation - individual - Totality - God - Nature
Hegels Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts und Spinozas Politischer Traktat- Parallelen in der Architektonik mancher Begriffe
Authors: Güngören Bulgan Birden
Published: January 2018

Abstrakt: Hegel und Spinozas Theorien haben ganz verschiedene Ausgangspunkte. Doch bei einer genaueren Analyse kann man bei vielen Begriffen und Gedankengängen Parallelen in der Architektonik finden. Es werden Begriffe wie, vernünftiger und beständiger Wille von Spinoza und der objektive Wille bei Hegel, die Beziehung zwischen dem Naturzustand und Gesellschaftlichen Zustand in Bezug auf den Begriff Natur, die List der Vernunft in der Institutions-Logik und auch die Bedeutung von dem Macht-Begriff in den zwischenstaatlichen Beziehungen analysiert.  Schlüsselbegriffe: Hegel - Spinoza - vernünftiger Wille - Naturzustand - Gesellschaftlicher Zustand - Institutionen - Macht - zwischenstaatliche Beziehungen.Abstract: Hegel and Spinoza`s theories have different points of departure, but with a precise analysis we can see, that in the construction and train of thought, that they have parallel views in many concepts. We will analyse concepts like rational will, objective will, nature, natural state and civil state, the institutions-logic and the power concept in the international law in this context.Key words: Hegel - Spinoza - objective will - natural state - civil state - institutions - power - international law
Nécessité et contingence chez Hegel et Spinoza
Authors: Lejeune Guillaume
Published: January 2018

RÉSUMÉ: Hegel et Spinoza font de la nécessité le centre de leur système.  A ce titre, ils sont suspectés de méconnaître l’importance de la contingence. Le but de cet article est de montrer qu’ils ne négligent nullement le problème de la contingence et qu’ils l’articulent à la catégorie de nécessité. Partant de ce constat, l’auteur essaye de penser le potentiel de Hegel eu égard aux débats actuels sur le statut de la contingence en faisant contraster sa position avec celle de Spinoza.MOTS CLÉS: Hegel - Spinoza - nécessité - contingence - métaphysiqueAbstract: Hegel and Spinoza elaborate a system made of necessity. That is why they are both suspected to disregard contingency.  The aim of this article is to show that they articulate necessity to contingency. Consequently they can put light on contemporary metaphysical debates on the status of contingency. Hegel is particularly interesting in regard to this question. Within his logic, the relation between necessity and contingency appears in a new light : the idea of a dialectical interconnection of modal categories. Key words: Hegel - Spinoza - Necessity - Contingency - Metaphysics
Soil quality assessment and phytoaccumulation potentials of selected edible vegetables around Ntigha solid waste dump, Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Osuocha U. Kelechi , Chukwu C. Ezinne , Ezekwe S. Ahamefula
Published: January 2018

The present study evaluated the impact of open solid waste dumping on soil physicochemical characteristics, enzyme activities, soil heavy metals and bioavailability of these metals in selected edible vegetables. Twenty-six soil samples were collected from 13 different points. The considered points were center of the dumpsite (DC), 4 meters away east (E1), west (W1), north (N1), and south (S1) from the center of the dumpsite; and 8 meters away east (E2), west (W2), north (N2) and south (S2) from the center of the dumpsite. The controls were taken 100 meters away from the dumpsite center east (E3), west (W3), north (N3), and south (S3). Soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-45cm and 46-90cm at each point. Results obtained showed the physicochemical and enzyme activities of the center of the dumpsite (DC) were affected when compared to other points considered in this study. Significant differences between soil depths were also observed. Soil heavy metals also showed significant increase in dumpsite compared to control soils (P<0.05). Phytoavailability of the heavy metals studied showed that vegetables grown around Ntigha dumpsite accumulated significant level of the metals compared to their control counterparts (P<0.05). This study has revealed that open pit disposal of solid waste increased the phytoaccumulation potentials of edible vegetables grown around the dumpsite. Hence proper waste disposal method is advocated so as to prevent bioaccumulation of these heavy metals in human food chain.
SYNTACTIC VARIATION IN MASORETIC HEBREW, THE OBJECT CLAUSE RECONSIDERED
Authors: Naaijer Martijn , Roorda Dirk
Published: January 2018

In this article we reinvestigate the variation in Masoretic Hebrew of two linguistic features related to the object clause that have diachronic relevance according to various scholars. These features are the order of subject personal pronoun and nominal predicate in certain object clauses, and the variation between ×›×™ and ××©×¨ introducing the object clause. We do this by using tools provided by the SHEBANQ project. By examining as many cases as possible throughout the Masoretic Text instead of only a few exemplary cases, we analyse the extent of variation in these syntactic constructions and their relevance for linguistic dating of biblical texts.
THE CONCEALED CRIME OF THE NADÄªTU PRIESTESS IN Â§110 OF THE LAWS OF HAMMURABI
Authors: Van Wyk Susandra J.
Published: January 2018

LH 110 is part of the ancient Near Eastern scholarly debate regarding the function and role of the nadiÄtu-priestess groups in Old Babylonian society. Seemingly, LH 110 forbids the uncloistered nadÄ«tu from opening up or entering a business place associated with the sÄbÄ«tu; the penalty for such a crime is public execution by burning. Mainstream scholars view the nadiÄtu through the lens of either (a) indulging in illicit behaviour or (b) that LH 110 reflects a prohibition for the nadÄ«tu to compromise her chastity. In contrast, Martha Roth (1999) opines that LH 110 is an economic regulation of the nadÄ«tu, prohibiting her from overshadowing the money-lending business of the sÄbÄ«tu. However, what poses a problem is the horrific penalty, which seems to suggest and be justification for a seemingly terrible crime committed in concealment. I propose that when this prohibition is transgressed, a horrific crime is committed â€“ tax evasion â€“ which is a furtive crime that endangers the continuous welfare of the king/state. LH 110 is a fiscal regulation protecting the state/kingâ€™s revenues. The intention is to prevent a specific group of the nadiÄtu â€“ an uncloistered priestess â€“ to enter or open an enterprise, which the OB state administration is unable to regulate. Consequently, the nadÄ«tu could effortlessly conceal her yielded profits and thus evade paying tax to the king/state.
BEDEUTUNGEN UND BILDER DER GEBÃ„RMUTTER IN DER HEBRÃ„ISCHEN BIBEL
Authors: Van der Zwan Pieter
Published: January 2018

Die GebÃ¤rmutter kann in der HebrÃ¤ischen Bibel durch vier verschiedene WÃ¶rter ausgedrÃ¼ckt werden: ×¨Ö¶×—Ö¶×, ×‘Ö¶×˜Ö¶×Ÿ, [×ž×¢×” ] und ×§Ö¶×Ö¶×‘. Dass diese WÃ¶rter auch manchmal metaphorisch oder mit anderen Bedeutungen gebraucht werden, zeigt, dass sie auch diverse emotionelle Verbindungen haben. DarÃ¼ber hinaus wird der MutterschoÃŸ in mehreren Kontexten aus verschiedenen Perspektiven betrachtet, wobei er nirgendwo als Erfahrung (einer Frau) beschrieben wird. Stattdessen wird als Erinnerung der daraus Geborenen Ã¼ber den MutterschoÃŸ reflektiert. So wird ein Netzwerk von - manchmal eher unbewussten - Assoziationen geschaffen, das die Spannbreite des Begriffs und seine mÃ¶glichen kÃ¶rperlichen, psychologischen, sozialen oder transzendentalen Konnotationen erweitert und bereichert.
WORDS OF WISDOM, WORDS OF WAR: A STUDY OF TERMS AND CONCEPTS IN IV MACCABEES
Authors: Swart Gerhard
Published: January 2018

In the words of Jan Willem van Henten (1997:296), the fourth book of Maccabees â€œpresents itself to the reader, from the very beginning of the work, as a philosophical discourse about the dominance of devout reason over the emotionsâ€. Despite the fact that the terminology and phraseology employed in this initial portrayal keeps recurring at various points throughout the book, several scholars have noticed a disturbing mismatch between the prologue and the main body of the work. This paper addresses the question whether or not IV Maccabees is structured according to a thematically unified plan, and attempts to find an answer by focusing on some philosophical terms and concepts and the ways in which these feature in the composition as a whole.
THE TEMPLE IN 2 MACCABEES â€“ DYNAMICS AND EPISODES
Authors: Jordaan Pierre J
Published: January 2018

Scholars differ among each other about the importance of the Jerusalem temple in 2 Maccabees. Some see the temple as of minor importance while others are of the opinion that the temple takes centre stage in this book. This article concurs with the second view. However, it goes further by also exploring crucial temple dynamics. These temple dynamics are determined by certain pre-set criteria and centre mainly on the relationship between God and the nation. The result is that three different temple episodes can be distinguished. The positive/negative view of each temple episode is determined by this relationship between the nation and God. This opens a new way of exploring 2 Maccabees.
SENNACHERIBâ€™S CAMPAIGN IN JUDAH: THE CONQUEST OF LACHISH
Authors: Ussishkin David
Published: January 2018

The conquest of Lachish in 701 B.C.E. by the army of Sennacherib, king of Assyria, forms a significant event in the history of the Near East, the history of the kingdom of Judah, and the history of the biblical world. Five different sources, which complement one another, combine to present us with a clear and vivid picture of the events at Lachish: (1) the detailed descriptions in the Old Testament of the Assyrian campaign in Judah; (2) the annals and other inscriptions of Sennacherib; (3) the city level attacked by the Assyrians which was studied in the excavations; (4) the remains of the battle uncovered in the excavations; and (5) the series of reliefs describing the siege of Lachish erected by Sennacherib in his royal palace at Nineveh. This is in fact a unique case in which a major battle of the biblical period can be studied and reconstructed to a significant degree. Much information was obtained in the intensive archaeological excavations which have taken place at Lachish since 1932. Groups of scholars and students from UNISA took part in the excavations of Tel Aviv University each season between 1976 and 1989. They were organised and led by Prof. Ian Eybers until his untimely death in 1981 (Fig. 1). Many of the South African participants were directly involved in uncovering significant remains associated with Sennacheibâ€™s attack on Lachish.
METAPHORâ€™S FORGOTTEN BROTHER: A SURVEY OF METONYMY IN BIBLICAL HEBREW POETRY
Authors: Chau Kevin
Published: January 2018

Metaphor has long been a subject of interest for biblical scholarship; however metonymy, which is closely related to metaphor, has received far less attention. Metaphor and metonymy are distinct in their conceptual processes, metaphor juxtaposes two conceptually distinct domains and metonymy creates relationships within one conceptual domain, but they share many similarities and often function in concert in poetry. Although metaphor has received the lionâ€™s share of our attention, further study of metonymy will enrich our knowledge of metaphor and the poetics behind biblical poetry (i.e., the mechanisms and principles that govern poetry). This article introduces the two main forms of metonymy: taxonomic and partonomic. Taxonomic metonymy is based upon relationships between a more comprehensive and less comprehensive category (e.g., SPECIFIC FOR GENERAL), and partonomic metonymy is based upon contiguous relationships (e.g., PART FOR WHOLE). It surveys the various poetic functions of partonomic metonymy (semantic compaction, oblique reference, and semantic multivalency), and concludes by illustrating how accounting for metonymy can aid in solving the interpretive difficulties in the poetic passage of Jr 5:15-16.
Analisis Keamanan Lalu Lintas Paket Data Pada Ubuntu Menggunakan Metode Attack Centric
Authors: Afrizal Feizil , Muzawi Rometdo , Efendi Yoyon
Published: January 2018

Keamanan lalu lintas data di suatu jaringan sangatlah penting, apalagi berada pada skala yang cukup besar seperti perusahaan, instansi maupun perguruan tinggi yang memiliki banyak data bersifat pribadi. Diperlukan keamanan data yang efisien, efektif, fleksibelitas, tidak memakan waktu yang cukup banyak, pengeluaran biaya yang besar dan memiliki kelebihan yang baik serta kekurangan yang tidak terlalu besar supaya data tidak mudah di manipulasi, di analisis, dan di serang oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Pada analisis keamanan lau lintas data pada sistem operasi ubuntu ini menggunakan metode Attack Centric dimana  setiap penyerangan keamanan akan dianalisis karakteristiknya, setelah menganalisis karakteristik tersebut barulah di teliti mekanisme keamanan untuk pertahannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah sistem untuk menganalisis, mendokumentasi serangan dan cara penanganannya secara sederhana, di harapkan dengan adanya hasil analisis ini, dapat mengurangi kejahatan di dunia maya, terhadap user yang tidak terlalu mahir di dunia maya, dan menambah pengetahuan bagi pengguna jaringan internet.
Aplikasi Location Based Services (LBS) untuk Pendataan Potensi Daerah dengan Pendekatan Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Authors: Hananto Bayu , Raafiudin Ridwan , Rahayu Tri
Published: January 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membangun sebuah prototipe aplikasi untuk pendataan potensi daerah dengan menggunakan Location Based Service (LBS). Dalam tahap membangun prototipe aplikasi ini, menggunakan metode Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Metode CRM ini bertujuan untuk pemecahan masalah yang dirancang secara khusus untuk situasi tertentu. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah nilai rata â€“ rata terbesar yakni Reliability (Kehandalan) dengan nilai 3,62, dan kategori terkecil adalah Usability (Kegunaan) dengan nilai rata â€“ rata 3,51. Model dari aplikasi ini akan membantu pemerintah daerah, untuk mencatat potensi daerah yang mereka miliki.
Pengembangan Wilayah Pesisir Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah Berdasarkan Infrastruktur Daerah: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Jepara
Authors: Ekosafitri Kurniawati Hapsari , Rustiadi Ernan , Yulianda Fredinan
Published: January 2018

Regencies in the northern coast of Central Java must transform their development priorities, based on their local potential resources and optimize their new sources of growth. Jepara, a costal regency located in northern coast of Central Java province, has a coastline of 82.73 km and 16 sub-districts consisting 9 coastal sub-districts and 7 inland sub-districts. The concentration of population in coastal areas causes the coastal sub-districts to be more developed than the inland sub-districts. The objectives of this study were (1) to analyze the level of sub-districts’ development based on their infrastructures and facilities and (2) to analyze stakeholder perception on coastal area development of Jepara. The methods used for analysis were scalogram analysis method and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The result of study showed that Kedung, Jepara, Keling and Karimunjawa sub-district are coastal sub-districts whith level I on hierarchy which means they are high development areas. The result of stakeholder perception analysis showed infrastructure availability as the main priority for coastal area development, nautical tourism as the main activity that shall be developed in coastal regions, and Karimunjawa sub-district as the main priority for development in Jepara regency.
Kajian Pengeringan Jahe (Zingiber Officinale Rosc) berdasarkan Perubahan Geometrik dan Warna menggunakan Metode Image Analysis (Study of Dried Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc) based on Changes in Geometric and Color using Image Analysis)
Authors: Risdianti Devi , Murad Murad , Mahardhian Dwi Putra Guyup
Published: January 2018

Purpose of this study was to determine change in geometric and color during the drying process using image analysis method. Method used in this study was experimental method. Tools and materials used were ginger, image acquisition box, digital cameras, and computers. Measured parameters included temperature, moisture content, mass of material, geometry and color changes. Results from this study showed that the lowest value of material mass was 1.91 gr of the lowest shelf and 3.21 gr of the upper shelf which directly proportional to the reduction of material moisture content at lowest shelf by 5.66%, due to the heating source placed near the shelf, therefore it will directly heat the material. While the highest value was showed by the highest shelf material of 13.93% moisture content. Actual measurement of surface shrinkage showed declining during 8-hour drying and result from image analysis ranged from 37,548 to 17,201 pixels, 27.77 cm2 to 10.07 cm2by using trapezoidal numerical integration of the highest shelf, and 27.3 cm2 to 10.37 cm2 by using Simpson methods. Based on this study, image analysis can be used to measure ginger color changes from yellowish white to brownish yellow and measure surfaces shrinkage.

Keywords: geometric and color, ginger, drying

 

ABSTRAK

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan geometrik dan warna menggunakan metode image analysisselama proses pengeringan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode eksperimental. Alat dan bahan yang digunakan, yaitu jahe, box pengambilan citra, kamera digital, komputer. Parameter yang diukur antara lain suhu, kadar air, massa bahan, perubahan geometri dan warna. Dari hasil penelitian dengan pengukuran massa bahan rak bawah memiliki nilai terendah yaitu 1,91 gram dan rak atas 3,21 gram berbanding lurus dengan penurunan kadar air rak bawah 5,66%, dikarenakan dekatnya sumber pemanas dengan rak sehingga langsung mengenai bahan dan yang paling tinggi yaitu rak atas 13,93%. Pengukuran penyusutan permukaan menunjukkan penurunan selama 8 jam pengeringan secara aktual dan menggunakan image analysis  berkisar dari 37548 sampai 17201 piksel menggunakan metode image analysis, 27,77 cm2 sampai 10,07 cm2 pada rak atas dengan integrasi numerik trapezoidal dan 27,3 cm2 sampai 10,37 cm2 rak atas mengggunakan metode simpson. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut image analysis ini dapat digunakan untuk mengukur warna jahe yang menghasilkan dari putih kekuningan menjadi kuning kecoklatan dan pengukuran penyusutan permukaan.

Kata kunci: geometrik dan warna, jahe, pengeringan
KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK DIGESTER KOTORAN SAPI BERDASARKAN KOMPOSISI AIR BERBASIS KINETIKA GAS METANA UNTUK PRODUKSI GAS BIO
Authors: - Mu'anah , Catur Edi Margana Cahyawan , Priyati Asih
Published: January 2018

Biogas adalah salah satu energi terbarukan yang dapat digunakan sebagai energi alternatif. Seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan energi limbah (kotoran sapi) dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu bahan pembuatan biogas, baik sebagai bahan bakar maupun bioslurry. Proses pembuatan biogas melalui proses fermentasi yang menghasilkan gas metana (CH4) sebagai produk utama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari desain dan konstruksi alat digester serta mengetahui secara ilmiah proses produksi gas metana. Proses fermentasi dilakukan secara anaerobik oleh mikrobia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode eksperimental, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) berdasarkan percobaan di laboratorium dan di lapangan dengan 3 (tiga) perlakuan (air : kotoran), yakni perlakuan 1:1, 1:2, dan 2:1 diulang 3 (tiga) kali, kemudian diukur parameter-parameter penelitian: suhu, tekanan gas, laju produksi gas metana (CH4) dan massa jenis. Pengamatan dilaksanakan selama 2 hari, yakni pada jam berturut-turut 0, 12, 24, 36, dan 48 jam. Total unit percobaan sebanyak 18 unit. Pada percobaan di lapangan diperoleh hasil analisis laju produksi gas metana antara pendekatan teoritis (stoikiometri) dengan eksperimental diperoleh kesesuaian pada perlakuan sampel 2:1 dengan nilai rata-rata % ERMS < 10% (valid) dengan kata lain menunjukkan bahwa persamaan stoikiometri berlaku untuk kondisi perlakuan encer. Lebih jauh pada aspek kinetika, dalam penentuan konstanta produksi gas metana kesemua perlakuan untuk perbandingan 1:1, 1:2, dan 2:1 berturut-turut y = -0.74x-0.238 (R2 = 0.772); y = -0.014x+0.238 (R2 = 0.772); y= -0.112x-1.023 (R2 = 0.723)
Characterization of Red Onion (Alium Ascalonicum.L) Drying using Greenhouse (ERK) Dryer
Authors: Islami Amalia , Murad - , Priyati Asih
Published: January 2018

Aim of this research was to determine drying rate and moisture content changes on Greenhouse (ERK) Dryer. Result was showed using graphic by analyzing drying rate characteristics of Greenhouse Dryer. Data analysis was performed using mathematical approach that solved using Microsoft Excel. Method used in this research was experimental method. Based on the results, onion drying using ERK showed decreasing rate of weight changes. Sample shrinkage was 25.7% with average moisture content 60.06% for sample weight 0.187 kg. Average humidity (RH) was lower than ambient humidity on the range of 63.4% to 83.0%. Characteristics of onion drying was the decreasing rate of moisture content of 0.17% with equation MR: y = -0,017 + 1,061, R2 is 0,985. Value of Ln MR at first day was y = -0,019x and decreasing rate of moisture content 0,19%. Whereas decreasing rate at second, third and fourth day were 0,008%, 0,11% and 0,002% respectively for 1 hour interval period.

Keywords: red onion, Greenhouse effect, drying rate, dryer

 

ABSTRAK

 

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui laju pengeringan, penurunan kadar air pada alat pengering ERK. Data hasil penelitian ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik dengan menganalisis karakteristik laju pengeringan alat pengering ERK. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan matematis untuk menyelesaikan model perhitungan matematik yang diolah dengan program komputer Microsoft Excel. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan melakukan penelitian langsung di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeringan bawang merah menggunakan alat ERK memiliki laju pengeringan menurun dengan dilihat dari perubahan berat yang semakin berkurang. Penyusutan bahan terjadi 25,7% dengan kadar air rata-rata 60,06% dan berat bahan 0,187 kg. Kelembaban ruang pengering rata-rata 63,4%, lebih kecil dari  kelembaban  lingkungan sebesar 83,0%. Bawang merah memiliki karakteristik pengeringan dengan penurunan kadar air 0,17% dan MR: y = -0,017 + 1,061 dengan nilai determinasi R2 = 0,985. Ln MR pada hari pertama terlihat y = -0,019x dengan penurunan kadar air sebesar 0,19%. Sedangkan penurunan kadar air pada hari kedua mencapai 0,008%, hari  ketiga 0,11%, dan hari keempat 0,002% pada interval waktu 1 jam.

Kata kunci: bawang merah, ERK, laju pengeringan, pengeringan
RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENCAMPUR KEDELAI DENGAN KAPANG (RAGI TEMPE) PADA INDUSTRI RUMAHAN DI DAERAH KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Abdul Muttalib Surya , Apriyanditra Wiwin , Yulianti Irma , Hasmi Rizki , Umas Hartono M
Published: January 2018

Kekalik Jaya adalah salah satu sentra produksi bahan olahan berupa tempe di wilayah Mataram. Pada pengolahannya secara umum masih menggunakan metode tradisional.Proses pembuatan tempe yang memegang bagian penting penentu mutu tempe adalah proses peragian tempe dengan kapang.Kualitas tempe dinilai  berdasarkan warna tempe, tingkat kepadatan tempe, sebaran kapang yang tumbuh menyelimuti tempe.Sehingga untuk menjaga nilai mutu tersebut, pencampuran ragi dengan kedelai perlu pengerjaan yang optimal guna menjaga kualitas tempe. Untuk tetap mempertahankan mutu tempe, para produsen perlu untuk diberikan pengenalan teknologi sederhana dalam proses produksi tempe berupa mesin pencampur. Selain usaha tempe, masyarakat Mataram juga menekuni usaha pengrajin besi, yang berada didaerah sandubaya Mataram. Dengan adanya desain alat ini dapat membantu para pengrajin semakin memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan pengusaha tempe sehingga perekonomian Mataram semakin meningkat antar sektor industrinya. Desain mesin ini menggunakan motor sebagai sumber penggerak, sehingga tabung silinder berputar. Tenaga dari motor ditransmisikan ke silinder oleh vanbelt. Silinder berputar dengan kecepatan tertentu, dengan sirip dalam yang mampu membolak-balikkan bahan hingga tercampur rata seiring dengan berputarnya silinder.

Kata kunci: mesin pencampur, rancang bangun, tempe