bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aleitamento materno como fator de proteção contra a instalação de hábitos bucais deletérios
Authors: Miotto Maria Helena Monteiro de Barros , Caxias Fernanda Pereira , Campos Denise Maria Kroeff de Souza , Ferreira Lúcia de Fátima Paixão Emery , Barcellos Ludmilla Awad
Published: April 2014

Objetivo: avaliar a possível associação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas, desmame precoce e o desenvolvimento e manutenção dos hábitos bucais deletérios em crianças de três a cinco anos de idade das creches públicas de Vitória/ES.Método: trata-se de um estudo longitudinal, retrospectivo, com uma amostra final de 903 escolares, aleatorizada e representativa das 9.829 crianças matriculadas. Para a comparação entre as variáveis predictoras e hábitos foi utilizado o teste exato de Fisher e a força da associação medida pelo Odds Ratio.Resultados: 12,4% das crianças apresentaram hábito de sucção digital e 37,7%, o de chupeta. Não foi verificada associação estatisticamente significante do hábito de sucção digital com desmame precoce. As crianças do sexo feminino (p=0,045) demonstraram 20% mais chance de adquirir e permanecer com o hábito de chupeta, e as que tiveram o desmame precoce apresentaram aproximadamente quatro vezes mais a chance de desenvolver o hábito de chupetas (p= 0.000).Conclusão: associação entre hábito de chupeta e desmame precoce foi verificada. O desmame precoce pode ser considerado fator de risco para a permanência do hábito de chupeta.
Fatores que interferem na amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares em crianças
Authors: Benevides Silvia Damasceno , Araujo Roberto Paulo , Garcia Diodete Grisi Bacelar , Ribeiro Camila de Oliveira , Mello Sandra Maria Ferraz
Published: April 2014

Objetivo: identificar os fatores que possam influenciar na amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares (AMMs) em crianças.Métodos: participaram 181 escolares, ambos os gêneros, 8 a 12 anos, assintomáticas para Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM), segundo o RDC/ TMD. Realizou-se a mensuração da amplitude da abertura oral máxima (AOM), movimentos excursivos de lateralidade direita (LD), esquerda (LE) e protrusão (Prot), sendo aferidas medidas milimétricas com o Paquímetro Digital Starret Série 799. Nutricionistas registraram as avaliações antropométricas de peso e altura.Resultados: dados médios do peso e altura foram 32,23 ± 8,74 kg e 137,42 ± 9,52 cm, respectivamente. Para o gênero masculino encontrou-se os valores: 49,59 ± 5,03mm, na AOM; 8,40 ± 1,74mm, na LD; 8,45 ± 1,91, nas LE e 7,60± 1,90mm, na Prot e no gênero feminino: 49,06± 4,43mm, na AOM; 7,77 ±1,87mm, na LD; 8,02 ±1,91mm, na LE e 6,89± 1,74, na Prot. A  correlação entre a amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares e o peso não se mostrou significante (P>0,05). As variáveis mais influentes para a AMMs foram gênero, idade e altura. No entanto, o gênero não se mostrou correlacionado com a abertura oral máxima e lateralidade esquerda, e sem interferência, após  aplicada a regressão, para os movimentos mandibulares estudados, exceto a protrusão (p=0,001).Conclusão: os fatores interferentes na amplitude dos movimentos de abertura oral máxima, lateralidade direita, lateralidade esquerda e protrusão foram: idade, gênero e altura para a amostra estudada, sendo o gênero, a variável menos expressiva. Sugere-se nas avaliações clínicas, que a amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares seja registrada, considerando as variáveis mencionadas, especialmente a idade e altura, para crianças de idade entre 8 e 12 anos.
Repercussão da comunicação suplementar e/ou alternativa na afasia não fluente
Authors: Bahia Mariana Mendes , Chun Regina Yu Shon
Published: April 2014

Objetivos : verificar as formas de comunicação e desempenho linguístico-cognitivo de afásicos a partir da Comunicação Suplementar e/ou Alternativa (CSA) e conhecer sua percepção.Métodos : pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa de corte longitudinal, aprovada pelo CEP, com amostra de 5 sujeitos afásicos não fluentes. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio dos prontuários dos sujeitos, registros em vídeo do acompanhamento fonoaudiológico com a CSA e dos seus depoimentos acerca da utilização da CSA.Resultados : os sujeitos utilizam diversas formas de comunicação para se expressar além de fazerem maior uso da CSA, necessitando menor apoio de gestos próprios ao longo do estudo, o que facilitou a comunicação com o outro e diminuiu o uso de adivinhações e tentativas frustradas de conversas. O uso da CSA repercutiu no aumento da produção oral. Os sujeitos referem gostar de utilizar os recursos da CSA e que estes contribuem de alguma forma na sua comunicação.Conclusão: os resultados evidenciam que o apoio da CSA contribui para que os sujeitos estudados pudessem assumir seus lugares como falantes, superando suas dificuldades de linguagem. Deste modo, favoreceu que eles se colocassem como sujeitos linguísticos e sociais. As atividades dialógicas e contextualizadas, bem como a mediação do interlocutor, favoreceram o processo de (re)significação de seus enunciados. Portanto, a CSA, nesse contexto, mostra-se como importante recurso mediador e facilitador do processo linguístico nas afasias não fluentes com repercussão na produção oral.
Influence of harvest time and cultivation sites on the productivity and quality of sweet potato
Authors: Azevedo Alcinei M , Andrade Júnior Valter C , Viana Daniel JS , Elsayed Ahmed YAM , Pedrosa Carlos E , Neiva Irã P , Figueiredo José Altair
Published: April 2014

Sweet potato is one of the most cultivated tuberous roots in tropical and subtropical regions permitting several ways of use. Despite its potential use, sweet potato has been little studied. We evaluated the performance of sweet potato roots, forage productivity and its silage at different harvesting times and cultivation environments and we identified the most superior clones under different soil and climatic conditions. Six sweet potato clones (BD-38, BD-45, BD-25, BD-31TO, BD-15 and BD-08) belonging to germplasm bank of UFVJM in addition to two standard cultivars Brazlândia Rosada and Princesa were grown in two cultivation sites (JK campus and Forquilha farm). The trial was conducted in split plots in randomized block design with three harvest times (120, 150 and 180 days after planting). The mean root weight obtained from Forquilha farm was on average 30.2% higher than those obtained from JK campus. Regardless the site, harvesting at 150 days after planting was the optimal time for maximizing root production. The irregularity of root shape increased when the harvesting date was postpone, probably due to greater exposure to environmental factors. Crude protein, fibers, ash and starch, were not affected by local x cultivar interaction except for starch content that depended on the clone and site interaction.
Divergência genética e importância de caracteres morfológicos em genótipos de couve
Authors: Azevedo Alcinei M , Andrade Júnior Valter C , Fernandes José SC , Pedrosa Carlos E , Valadares Nermy R , Ferreira Marcos AM , Martins Rafael AV
Published: April 2014

A caracterização morfológica de genótipos de couve é necessária bem como as estimativas da divergência genética entre os mesmos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos estudar os caracteres morfológicos dos genótipos de couve oriundos do banco de germoplasma da UFVJM, a divergência genética existente entre os genótipos e a importância destes caracteres nas estimativas da divergência. O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Olericultura da UFVJM, Diamantina-MG, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com trinta genótipos e quatro repetições, constituídas por cinco plantas. Para a caracterização morfológica avaliaram-se em cada planta quarenta e quatro características. Verificou-se que há genótipos com grande divergência genética entre si, sendo os genótipos UFLA-6 e UFVJM-24 os mais divergentes em relação aos demais, contudo, a maioria dos genótipos é similar. Verificou-se também que há características importantes que podem ser usadas nas estimativas da divergência.
Growth and yield of Cantaloupe melon 'Acclaim' in protected cultivation using agrotextile
Authors: Santos Francisco GB , Negreiros Maria Z , Medeiros José F , Lopes Welder AR , Soares Alinne M , Nunes Glauber HS , Freitas Francisco CL
Published: April 2014

In Rio Grande do Norte, the melon growers have been using the row cover on the roof of the plants to start flowering in order to reduce the population of insect pests that cause severe losses, rising production costs, especially with the application of defensive. Thus, it is important to know the best time to remove the row cover because, due to its use, it is assumed that there are changes in the physiological response of plants. In order to evaluate the growth and yield of the melon plants 'Acclaim' cultivated under protection agrotextile (TNT) for different periods, a trial was conducted at the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte state. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with four replications, in a splitplot, the plots were the plant protection periods (0, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 days after transplanting, DAT), and splitplots, times of sampling the plants (13, 20, 27, 34, 41, 48 and 55 DAT). We evaluated the dry matter accumulation in leaves (LDMA), branches (BDMA), flowers (FDMA), fruits (FrdMA) and total (TDMA), assimilate partitioning, leaf area index (LAI), leaf weight ratio (LWR), absolute growth rate (AGR) and relative (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), total (PTOT) and marketable productivity (PCOM). The treatments with plant protection did not affect the TDMA which peaked at 295.12 g plant-1 at 53 DAT, with the fruits behaving like sink preferred plant, accounting for 72.25% of the dry mass accumulated. The LAI and the AGR grew by 55 and 42 DAT (1.95 and 18.518 g/plant/day), respectively, while the LWR and RGR decreased over the cycle, with peaks of 0.911 and 0.242 g/g/day, at 13 and 20 DAT, respectively. The PTOT and PCOM were not affected by periods of plant protection, with averages of 29.30 and 22.25 t ha-1, respectively, indicating that it is possible to manage the row cover in order to remove it later, that reduces costs and crop protection without significant loss in productivity.
Doses de resíduos foliares de carnaubeira e rendimentos do milho
Authors: Silva Paulo SL , Silva Paulo IB , Oliveira Vianney R , Silva Kadson EF , Monteiro Alex L
Published: April 2014

O rendimento do milho pode ser aumentado com a aplicação de doses de resíduos de espécies vegetais perenes. Muitos agricultores do Nordeste do Brasil utilizam resíduos de folhas da carnaubeira, uma palmeira nativa dessa região, para suprir as deficiências dos solos pobres em matéria orgânica. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de doses de resíduos foliares da carnaubeira sobre o rendimento de espigas verdes de duas cultivares de milho. O estudo foi complementado pela avaliação também do rendimento de grãos. Doses de resíduos foliares (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 t ha-1) foram aplicadas nos sulcos de semeadura de cultivares de milho (AG 1051 e BR 106). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições e parcelas subdivididas (doses nas parcelas). O aumento da dose de resíduos foliares aumentou o número total, o número e a massa de espigas verdes empalhadas comercializáveis (BR 106), as massas total e de espigas verdes despalhadas comercializáveis e o rendimento de grãos (AG 1051 e BR 106). Mas a aplicação de resíduos foliares da carnaubeira não influenciou os números total e de espigas empalhadas comercializáveis, massa de espigas empalhadas (AG 1051), e o número de espigas despalhadas comercializáveis (AG 1051 e BR 106). A cultivar BR 106 foi superior à cultivar AG 1051 nos números total e de espigas verdes empalhadas comercializáveis e o contrário ocorreu nas massas de espigas verdes e no rendimento de grãos.
Performance of cucumber hybrids cultivated in coconut fiber and soil
Authors: Castoldi Renata , Gomes Rafaelle F , Charlo Hamilton CO , Melo Danilo M , Braz Leila T
Published: April 2014

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of three Japanese group cucumber hybrids, which were cultivated in two cultivation systems. The experiment was designed in a split-plot randomized block design with two cultivation systems (coconut fiber and soil) for commercial Japanese cucumber hybrids ('Tsuyataro', 'Yoshinari' and 'Nankyoku'). After harvesting the cucumbers, we evaluated the number of marketable fruits per plant, the average fruit length, the mean fruit diameter, the bottom fruit diameter, the marketable production of fruits per plant and the marketable yield per hectare. There were significant interactions between the cultivation system and the hybrid, as indicated by the number of marketable fruits. The Nankyoku hybrid had the highest average (14.54 fruits pl-1), although it did not differ from the Yoshinari hybrid when grown in coconut fiber. In soil culture, the Yoshinari hybrid had the highest average number of fruits per plant (10.12 fruits pl-1) and did not differ from the Tsuyataro hybrid. Cultivation in coconut fiber provided better results for production traits and plant productivity. 'Yoshinari' and 'Nankyoku' were the most productive hybrids. Based on the cucumber cultivation results from a protected environment, the cultivation of hybrid Japanese cucumbers and Yoshinari and Nankyoku hybrids in coconut fiber is recommended.
Produção de silagem, composição bromatológica e capacidade fermentativa de ramas de batata-doce emurchecidas
Authors: Andrade Júnior Valter C , Pereira Rosana C , Dornas Marcus FS , Ribeiro Karina G , Valadares Nermy R , Santos Albert A , Castro Bárbara MC
Published: April 2014

A variação na disponibilidade de forragem ao longo do ano, aliada à necessidade de se utilizar alimentos de menor custo para ruminantes, têm contribuído para um aumento na procura por novas alternativas para alimentação animal. Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade de massa seca (PMS) de ramas e o efeito do emurchecimento na composição bromatológica e capacidade fermentativa (CF) de ramas de batata-doce visando a produção de silagens. Foram avaliados os genótipos BD-08, BD-23, BD-25, BD-31TO, BD-38, BD-43 e Brazlândia Roxa, utilizando-se o arranjo fatorial 7 x 2 (genótipos x ramas emurchecidas ou não), em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com 4 repetições. Foram determinados a produção de massa seca e os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), hemicelulose, celulose, lignina, cinzas, carboidratos solúveis (CS), nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido (NIDA), capacidade tampão (CT) e capacidade fermentativa (CF) das ramas in natura e emurchecidas. A PMS das ramas variou de 4,2 a 7,9 t ha-1, com destaque para BD-25, BD-08 e BD-23 com produtividades superiores a 7,0 t ha-1. O emurchecimento promoveu aumento nos teores de MS (15,7 para 25,7%), de PB (11,0 para 11,9%), FDA (29,2 para 41,7%), lignina (8,6 para 15,5%), celulose (19,3 para 24,3%), cinzas (8,9 para 10,0%) e NIDA (9,7 para 32,8%), e redução nos teores de CS (15,0 para 7.6%), tornando as ramas emurchecidas de pior qualidade. O emurchecimento não influenciou a CF das ramas (média de 37,2) e promoveu elevação nos teores de FDN de forma diferenciada para cada genótipo. Os teores mais elevados de MS nas ramas emurchecidas compensaram o mais baixo teor de CS, tornando a CF das ramas semelhante. As ramas de batata-doce de todos os genótipos apresentaram elevado potencial de ensilabilidade.
Produtividade de cultivares e populações de cenoura em sistema orgânico de cultivo
Authors: Resende Geraldo M , Braga Marcos B
Published: April 2014

A cenoura é a quarta hortaliça mais consumida no país e uma das mais consumidas no mundo. Considerando a importância da seleção de materiais de cenoura, conforme a região e o sistema de cultivo, objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento de cultivares e populações de cenoura, sob manejo orgânico, nas condições do Submédio do Vale do São Francisco, no período de temperaturas amenas (junho a setembro de 2008). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso e três repetições, com 13 cultivares (Brasília, Alvorada, Karine, Brazlândia, Nantes, Suprema, Redonda de Nice, Nancy, Kuronan, Esplanada, Danvers, Tropical, Nova Kuroda) e três populações (Alvorada POP, Brasília POP e Esplanada POP). A altura de plantas oscilou de 48,0 a 64,1 cm, com destaque para a cultivar Brasília (64,1 cm). A produtividade total de raízes variou de 65,2 a 98,9 t ha-1, sendo maior para os genótipos Brasília POP (98,9 t ha-1), Brasília (96,3 t ha-1) e Danvers (94,7 t ha-1). A produtividade comercial de raízes oscilou de 0,0 a 84,5 t ha-1, destacando-se os genótipos Brasília POP (84,5 t ha-1), Brasília (81,7 t ha-1) e Danvers (78,1 t ha-1). A cultivar Esplanada sobressaiu-se com maior massa fresca de raiz (123,2 g raiz-1), seguida pela cultivar Danvers (122,8 g raiz-1) e o genótipo Esplanada POP (119,1 g raiz-1), com a primeira e o último não apresentando maiores produtividades comerciais.
Adubação nitrogenada no rendimento da cultivar de batata BRS Ana
Authors: Silva Giovani O , Pereira Arione S , Suinaga Fábio A , Ponijaleki Rubens
Published: April 2014

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar para a cultivar de batata BRS Ana, a possibilidade de redução na quantidade de nitrogênio recomendada com base na análise de solo, considerando as variáveis componentes de rendimento de tubérculo. O experimento foi realizado em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico no campo experimental Embrapa Produtos e Mercado, Canoinhas-SC, na primavera de 2011. Os tratamentos constaram de seis doses de nitrogênio aplicado na base de plantio (0, 60, 80, 100, 120 e 140 kg ha-1), na forma de sulfato de amônio. A dose de N recomendada pela análise de solo foi de 120 kg ha-1. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A produção de tubérculos de cada parcela foi avaliada para as variáveis componentes do rendimento. Verificou-se que as plantas da cultivar BRS Ana não responderam muito, em rendimento, a doses de nitrogênio maiores do que 100 kg ha-1, sugerindo que a dose recomendada segundo a análise de solo, de 120 kg ha-1, pode ser reduzida em até 17%, sendo que uma maior diminuição da quantidade de nitrogênio, no entanto, ocasionaria redução no rendimento de tubérculos comerciais.
Eficácia da irrigação ultrassônica passiva na remoção de hidróxido de cálcio
Authors: Zart Priscila Tahani Michelsen , Michelon Carina , Zanatta Fabrício Batistim , Bier Carlos Alexandre Souza , Manfio Angelo Pegoraro
Published: April 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: Remanescentes de Hidróxido de Cálcio [Ca(OH)2] podem interferir na qualidade da obturação endodôntica. OBJETIVO : Avaliar a eficácia da Irrigação Ultrassônica Passiva (IUP) associada à técnica convencional na remoção de medicação intracanal à base de Ca(OH)2. METODOLOGIA: Trinta dentes humanos anteriores monorradiculares foram usados. Os canais radiculares foram preparados com instrumentos manuais tipo K e preenchidos com medicação intracanal à base de Ca(OH)2, contendo PMCC e propilenoglicol. Após sete dias, a pasta de Ca(OH)2 foi removida de todos os canais radiculares com um instrumento manual e irrigação de NaOCl 1% com seringa. Os espécimes foram randomizados em dois grupos (n=12) de acordo com a irrigação final: Irrigação Manual - agitação manual de EDTA 17 % e irrigação de NaOCl 1%; IUP - agitação ultrassônica de NaOCl 1% (três ativações de 20s) seguida da ativação de EDTA 17% por 1 min. O Grupo Controle (n=6) não recebeu medicação intracanal. Todos os espécimes foram clivados e a quantidade de Ca(OH)2 remanescente foi calculada com o auxílio do estereomicroscrópio (20×). Os testes Kruskall-Wallis e Wilcoxon foram utilizados para avaliar a porcentagem de Ca(OH)2 remanescente. RESULTADO: O grupo da IUP apresentou, estatisticamente, as menores porcentagens de Ca(OH)2 remanescente, quando comparado ao grupo da Irrigação Manual, independentemente dos terços analisados (P < 0,05). O terço apical apresentou a maior quantidade de medicação residual, em ambos os grupos (P < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO : A associação da IUP com a técnica convencional demonstrou ser mais eficiente na remoção de medicação intracanal à base de Ca(OH)2 do que a combinação da Irrigação Manual com a técnica convencional.
Efeito de diferentes soluções utilizadas como irrigante final na superfície dentinária: análise de rugosidade
Authors: Prado Maíra do , Assis Danielle Ferreira de , Simão Renata Antoun
Published: April 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: O uso de irrigantes pode gerar alterações microestruturais na superfície dentinária, entre as quais alterações na rugosidade. Essas alterações podem influenciar o processo de união dos materiais obturadores à dentina. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das soluções de EDTA, hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) e clorexidina, como irrigante final, na rugosidade da superfície dentinária. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram utilizadas raízes distais de seis terceiros molares inferiores, que foram planificadas com o auxílio de disco de lixa e cortadas em segmentos, totalizando 18 amostras. A análise inicial foi realizada utilizando-se o perfilômetro Dektak. Foram realizadas cinco varreduras por amostra. Em seguida, as amostras foram irrigadas com NaOCl para simular o preparo químico-mecânico e lavadas com água destilada. Foram então divididas em seis grupos de acordo com o protocolo de irrigação final: Água destilada; NaOCl 5,25%; clorexidina 2%; EDTA17%; EDTA 17% + NaOCl 5,25%, e EDTA 17% + clorexidina 2%. Novamente, em cada amostra, foram realizadas cinco varreduras, totalizando 15 varreduras por grupo. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney (p<0,05). RESULTADO: Foi encontrada alteração significativa da rugosidade somente no grupo em que houve a combinação do agente quelante com o NaOCl. CONCLUSÃO: Os protocolos de irrigação final apresentam diferentes efeitos na rugosidade da superfície dentinária.
Recurrent condylar luxation after third molar extraction: an uncommon condition treated by eminectomy
Authors: OLIVEIRA Maiolino Thomaz Fonseca , RODRIGUES Átila Roberto , ROCHA Flaviana Soares , ZANETTA-BARBOSA Darceny
Published: April 2014

INTRODUCTION: Extraction of third molars can rarely provoke post-operative complications, such as temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). OBJECTIVE: Although the literature presents a series of discussions of the clinical evidence related to this subject, in this report, we present an uncommon case of a patient submitted for the extraction of third molars who presented, in postoperative monitoring, with recurrent bilateral condylar luxation. CONCLUSION: Due to this critical condition, the patient was successfully treated by bilateral eminectomy.
Molecular and serological detection of Ehrlichia canis in naturally exposed dogs in Iran: an analysis on associated risk factors
Authors: Maazi Nadi , Malmasi Abdolali , Shayan Parviz , Nassiri Seyed Mahdi , Salehi Taghi Zahraei , Fard Mojdeh Sharifian
Published: April 2014

The general aim of this study, which was conducted for the first time in Iran, was to evaluate the seroprevalence and geographical distribution of Ehrlichia canis in a dog population in Iran, followed by molecular confirmation using PCR and sequencing. Blood samples were collected from 240 dogs in different areas of Alborz and Tehran Provinces and initially analyzed using the immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test to detect anti-Ehrlichia canis IgG antibodies. Subsequently, nested PCR was performed based on a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of E. canis on serologically positive samples. The results showed that 40/240 dogs (16.6%) presented anti-Ehrlichia canis IgG antibodies and that nine of the blood samples from the 40 seropositive dogs (22.5%) contained E. canis DNA, which was confirmed by sequencing. The seroprevalence of E. canis tended to be higher in purebred, one to three-year-old male dogs living in the Plain zone, in rural areas; however, this difference was not statistically significant.
Distribution of bovine fasciolosis and associated factors in south Espírito Santo, Brazil: an update
Authors: Martins Isabella Vilhena Freire , Avelar Barbara Rauta de , Bernardo Cintia das Chagas , Leão Alann Casotti de , Salim Maria Julia
Published: April 2014

The geographical distribution and factors associated with bovine fasciolosis in the south of Espírito Santo were updated and the prevalences of this disease and of snails of the genus Lymnaea in the municipality of Jerônimo Monteiro were calculated. In the first stage, fecal samples were collected from 10% of the herds of 115 farms in 23 municipalities and interviews were conducted with owners. Generalized linear mixed models were used. In the second stage, in Jerônimo Monteiro municipality, feces and mollusks were collected from all farms registered in the milk cooperatives in the region. The mollusks were identified and examined for infection by Fasciola hepatica. Fasciolosis was diagnosed in 18 (78%) of the 23 municipalities. Of the 1157 fecal samples examined, 19.01% were positive for eggs of F. hepatica. The final model shows statistical evidence of associations between positive farms and previous cases of fasciolosis and concomitant grazing of cattle with other definitive hosts. In the evaluated farms from the studied municipality the prevalence of fasciolosis and Lymnaea was of 66.7% and 23.8%, respectively. Mollusks were found in flooded areas and the animals' drinking water troughs. The wide geographical distribution of bovine fasciolosis in the south of Espírito Santo requires control measures to prevent its expansion towards the north of this state and other places characterized as F. hepatica free-infection.
Comparison of an ELISA assay for the detection of adhesive/invasive Neospora caninum tachyzoites
Authors: Pereira Luiz Miguel , Yatsuda Ana Patrícia
Published: April 2014

Neospora caninum belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa, the causative agent of neosporosis, which leads to economic impacts on cattle production. A common feature among apicomplexan parasites is the invasive process driven mostly by the parasite. As a first evaluation of candidate molecules that play a possible role by interfering in this invasive process, the in vitro invasion assay is a fast and direct way to screen future agonists or antagonists. This work involved the development of a new cell culture ELISA and transient β-galactosidase activity applied to the semi-quantitative detection of N. caninum in Vero cell culture. Cell culture ELISA is based on histochemistry and immunology, resulting in a colorimetric reaction. The β-galactosidase activity was obtained by the transient transfection of the lacZ gene under control of RPS13 promoter of N. caninum. These methods were used to evaluate the effects of temperature (37°C and 85°C) on the invasion and adhesion of tachyzoites. The three tested methods (real time PCR, β-galactosidase activity and ELISA) showed a similar pattern, indicating that different methods may be complementary.
Epidemiological survey of Lutzomyia longipalpis infected by Leishmania infantum in an endemic area of Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Caroline Moura , Silva Rafaella Albuquerque , Melo Luciana Magalhães , Luciano Maria Claudia Santos , Bevilaqua Claudia Maria Leal
Published: April 2014

The objective of this study was to perform an epidemiological survey to determine the areas at risk of visceral leishmaniasis through the detection and quantification of natural infection by Leishmania infantum in Lutzomyia longipalpis. The sandflies were captured between February 2009 and January 2010, at 21 sites in four regions of the Fortaleza municipality. Samples were screened for the presence of Leishmania DNA by Real Time PCR (qPCR), amplification of kDNA minicircle sequence. Out of the 123 pools of analyzed sandflies, 45 were positive for L.infantum, and the minimum infection rate was 3.7%. In the north, south, east and west regions, the pool screen assay predicted sand-fly infection prevalence of 3.4%, 4.7%, 4.9% and 8.4%, respectively. The parasite load ranged from 2.45 ± 0.96 to 2,820,246 ± 106,072. No statistical differences were found with respect to the frequency of sand-fly infection between the regions (P=0.3014), seasons (P = 0.3906) or trap locations (P = 0.8486). Statistical differences were found with respect to the frequency of sand-fly infection between the two seasons only in the west region (P=0.0152). The qPCR was able to detect and quantify L. infantum in L. longipalpis, therefore succeeding in identifying the areas of greatest risk of VL transmission.
Geohelminth contamination of public areas and epidemiological risk factors in Curitiba, Brazil
Authors: Sprenger Lew Kan , Green Kerriel Thandile , Molento Marcelo Beltrão
Published: April 2014

This study aimed to investigate the frequency of geohelminthic contamination of public parks and squares in Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil, between August and December 2010. A total of 345 samples were collected from 69 sandboxes in different areas and were tested using the Faust, Lutz and Baermann parasitological techniques. Potential risk factors associated with soil contamination were also analyzed. A total of 36% of the samples (124/345) were positive for helminths and 65.2% of the areas (45/69) were classified as contaminated in one or more samples. The most commonly identified parasite eggs were Ancylostoma sp. (14.5%; 50/345); followed by Toxocara sp. (9.6%; 33/345) and the Strongyloidea superfamily (excluding hookworms) (2.3%; 8/345). The analysis on the epidemiological risk factors indicated that the presence of dogs and feces in the sandboxes increased the chances of contamination of the site. Use of fences had a protective positive impact that reduced soil contamination. Health education programs should be applied within the community to minimize the risk of human contact with dogs' feces. Use of fencing in these areas is highly recommended to prevent or reduce the users' contact with animal excrement.
Molecular and morphological characterization of Contracaecum pelagicum (Nematoda) parasitizing Spheniscus magellanicus (Chordata) from Brazilian waters
Authors: Borges Juliana Novo , Santos Helena Lúcia Carneiro , Brandão Martha Lima , Santos Everton Gustavo Nunes dos , Miranda Daniele Ferreira de , Balthazar Daniel de Almeida , Luque José Luis , Santos Cláudia Portes
Published: April 2014

Three new sequences of Mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit 2 (mtDNA cox-2) from C. pelagicum parasite of Spheniscus magellanicus, the Magelanicus penguin, were determined from Brazilian waters. The sequences presented 99 and 98% of similarity with C. pelagicum sequences from Argentina, deposited on GenBank for the same genetic region and with a strong statistical support inferred from the phylogenetic tree. The morphological and ultrastructural studies that were carried out confirmed the genetic analysis.
Seroprevalence rates of antibodies against Theileria equi in team roping horses from central-western region of Paraná
Authors: Prochno Hanna Carolina , Scorsin Lucas Milléo , De Melo Fatiane Rodrigues , Baldani Cristiane Divan , Falbo Margarete Kimie , Aquino Lucia Cury Thomaz de , Lemos Karen Regina
Published: April 2014

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Theileria equi in horses from central western region of Paraná state, Brazil. The presence of antibodies IgG against T. equi was determined in serum samples obtained from 400 team roping horses of the district of Guarapuava by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that 242 (61%) animals were positive which demonstrates that equine piroplasmosis is widespread and therefore it might be a contributing factor for the irregular performance among athletes horses in the region studied. No association regarding age and sex were observed (p>0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a serological survey on equine piroplasmosis in the state of Paraná, Brazil.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats (Felis catus, Linnaeus 1758) living in Lima, Peru
Authors: Cerro Luis , Rubio Alicia , Pinedo Rosa , Mendes-de-Almeida Flavya , Brener Beatriz , Labarthe Norma
Published: April 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of infection by T. gondii in cats, by examining serum and fecal samples from animals attended at veterinary clinics in the Metropolitan Region of Lima, Peru. We collected and analyzed 154 cat serum samples and 50 fecal samples, regardless of the age, gender or breed. In parallel with the sample collections, the owners answered an epidemiological questionnaire that investigated the following variables: age group, gender, lifestyle (confined, semi-confined or free-living animals), feeding and hunting habits. The serum and fecal samples were analyzed using indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and coproparasitological tests, respectively. IHA showed that the frequency of cat exposure to T. gondii was 11%. Age and gender showed no association with exposure to the parasite. Exposure among the cats was associated with hunting (x2 = 4.98, p = 0.016) and feeding habits (x2 = 13.34, p = 0.001): those fed with raw meat were more exposed than those fed with commercial cat food (x2 = 9.50, p = 0.004) or with homemade food (x2 = 4.1, p = 0.027). The frequency of cats diagnosed in the chronic phase of T. gondii infection was 88% (15/17). No T. gondii oocysts were found in any of the 50 fecal samples examined.
Water demand: the Austrian end-use study and conclusions for the future
Authors: Neunteufel Roman , Richard Laurent , Perfler Reinhard
Published: April 2014

Demographic and climate change will affect in the long term the total water consumption and therefore the planning and management of the related infrastructures. End-use studies provide information on water consumption and its influencing factors. However the availability of such detailed data is very limited. The research project carried out was based on total daily water consumption collected from 12 Austrian water supply areas for periods covering up to 10 years. The general data were complemented with high resolution measurements (ranging from day to 10 second intervals) of household consumption of residential buildings, semi-detached houses, single family homes, and weekend cottages as well as with meteorological data and comprehensive socio-economic and personal information. The major factors influencing residential household consumption are: demographic dynamics; age distribution; household size/family size; living conditions; and regional economic development. In the short term, water consumption is influenced by temperature, precipitation, day of the week and time. For residential consumption, these last parameters were found to be the main causes for the existing peak demands. Modernisation will lead to a further decrease of the indoor per capita water demand. The outdoor demand and its peaks are expected to increase due to climate change.
Impact of rainwater harvesting systems on nutrient and sediment concentrations in roof runoff
Authors: DeBusk Kathy M. , Hunt William F.
Published: April 2014

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have the unique ability to contribute to stormwater management goals via mitigation of runoff volumes and peak flow rates. Additionally, collecting and storing runoff via RWH systems can potentially provide water quality benefits due to physical and chemical processes that occur within the storage tank. This study quantified the water quality improvement provided by storing rooftop runoff via RWH systems at four sites in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. Roof runoff and extraction spigot samples were analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), nitrogen species and total phosphorus. Roof concentrations were significantly greater than spigot concentrations for all constituents except TSS, indicating the ability of RWH systems to significantly lower nutrient concentrations of incoming roof runoff. Lack of significant TSS reduction was likely attributable to low, ‘irreducible’ concentrations of TSS in the roof runoff. The use of additional filtration components prior to the extraction spigot could aid in lowering spigot TSS concentrations. The findings presented herein contend that stormwater benefits associated with RWH are not only limited to hydrologic mitigation, but also include reductions in concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus species. Thus, it is recommended that pollutant removal credit be assigned to these systems when used as stormwater control measures.
Endospore recovery from large volumes using fieldable ultrafiltration for the diagnosis of drinking water treatment plants
Authors: Helmi Karim , Lamart Stephen , David Fabienne , Vidal Alain , Méheut Gaëlle , Jaffrezic Marie-Pierre , Oberti Sandrine , Charni-Ben-Tabassi Nadine
Published: April 2014

Anaerobic sulfite-reducing and aerobic spore-forming bacteria are used as indicators to verify the reliability of water treatment plant efficiency. The objectives of this study aimed to highlight the more accurate endospore indicator for water treatment monitoring and to select an efficient filtration system in order to detect low amounts of endospores from large volumes. The performance of two different ultrafiltration modules was assessed with two filtration configurations (tangential and dead-end). The Hemoflow™ and the Dizzer® filters present recovery yields of 73% and 77% for 100-liter samples of drinking and sand filtered water, respectively. Both systems enabled detection of endospores at a concentration level of 100 spores in 100 liters, by analyzing the totality of the volume, whereas the standard method did not highlight the presence of spores, analyzing only 100 mL subsamples. In addition, experiments on a sand filtration pilot confirmed that the concentration calculation using the standard method is not reliable, due to extrapolation from the small volumes analyzed. This study highlights that the collection of large volumes using a fieldable dead-end hollow-fiber ultrafiltration system in association with the detection of anaerobic sulfite-reducing spore-forming bacteria is an effective way to monitor drinking water production.
Groundwater quality assessment of a freshwater wetland in the Selangor (Malaysia) using electrical resistivity and chemical analysis
Authors: Khaki Mahmoud , Yusoff Ismail , Islami Nur
Published: April 2014

Groundwater quality of the Paya Indah Wetland (PIW) was targeted for the present study using integrated two-dimensional electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) and hydrochemical surveys. Electrical resistivity and the influence of variations in the lake level were investigated using daily water balance measurements, water sampling and geochemical analysis, and well-logging. The geoelectrical resistivity surveys comprised 14 resistivity traverses in the PIW. The resistivity surveys predicted the high-permeability areas separated in order to provide pathways for lake drainage. The resistivity inverse model showed that the freshwater zone is extremely clear. Chemical analyses of the groundwater samples obtained from seven boreholes from 2010 to 2013 were studied. The total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity were represented as being less than 500 mg/L and 600 μmhos/cm, respectively, and freshwater was therefore indicated. The lake water level was proportionate to rainfall fluctuation with the level measured in 2010. The soil and groundwater confirmed there to be fresh and brackish water zones in the study area, this result being obtained from ERI and the hydrochemistry of the groundwater samples.
Biofilm formation and permeate quality improvement in Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration
Authors: Chomiak A. , Mimoso J. , Koetzsch S. , Sinnet B. , Pronk W. , Derlon N. , Morgenroth E.
Published: April 2014

The effects of biofilm development on ultrafiltration membranes with regard to permeate stability and permeation rates were investigated using Gravity Driven Membrane (GDM) filtration. The first part of the study aimed at evaluating the influence of the biofilm on permeate flux quality and quantity with regard to Assimilable Organic Carbon (AOC) degradation. In addition, two types of biological pre-treatments were evaluated: slow sand filtration and packed bed bio-reactor, compared to a control (no treatment). Biofilm formation helped to decrease the AOC content of permeate water, compared to the influent. Both pre-treatments additionally reduced the AOC level in the permeate and thus increased its biological stability, however none of the systems were able to guarantee microbiologically stable water. Removal of AOC before the GDM filtration reduced the biofilm growth potential, which in turn influenced its physical structure and enhanced the permeation rates. Influence of inorganic particle removal by pre-sedimentation and its effect on biofilm structure were also studied. Pre-sedimentation of particle populations selected fine and homogeneous particle fractions, which led to the formation of a homogeneous biofilm structure characterised by an increased hydraulic resistance. This was clearly visible between horizontally and vertically installed membranes where the latter ones had a significantly reduced flux despite lower deposited particle mass. The presence of larger, heterogeneous particle fractions counterbalanced the negative effects of the fine particles, which overall resulted in enhanced permeation rates.
Assessment of a rainwater harvesting system for pollutant mitigation at a commercial location in Raleigh, NC, USA
Authors: Wilson Corinne E. , Hunt William F. , Winston Ryan J. , Smith Patrick
Published: April 2014

Low Impact Development (LID) and Water Sensitive Urban Design have as one of their tenets the use of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems to provide water for use on site. Historically implemented in arid or semi-arid regions, RWH has recently surged in popularity in more humid regions, such as the southeastern USA, due to increased interest in water conservation during severe drought conditions. An LID commercial site in Raleigh, NC, incorporated RWH with other stormwater control measures to mitigate runoff quantity and improve runoff quality. A 57,900-liter RWH tank used for landscape irrigation was monitored to determine influent and effluent water quality. Samples were analyzed for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), nitrite-nitrate (NOX), orthophosphate (Ortho-P) and total suspended solids (TSS). Low concentrations were observed for all pollutants monitored; for example, influent and effluent TP concentrations were 0.02 and 0.03 mg/L, respectively. Statistical testing showed significant increases in TAN and organic nitrogen (ON) concentrations by 33 and 38%, respectively, from inflow to outflow. NOX and TSS concentrations decreased significantly by 23 and 55%, respectively. Concentrations of all other pollutants were not significantly different between the inflow and outflow. Influent concentrations to the RWH tank were less than previously published rainfall pollutant concentrations, indicating potentially irreducible concentrations onsite. While a single case study, this RWH system appears to offer some pollutant mitigation, especially for TSS.
Investigation of fluorescence properties of cyanidin and cyanidin 3-o-β-glucopyranoside
Authors: Rakic Violeta , Ota Ajda , Skrt Mihaela , Miljkovic Milena , Kostic Danijela , Sokolovic Dusan , Poklar-Ulrih Natasa
Published: April 2014

The absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of cyanidin and cyanidin
3-O-?-glucopyranoside (Cy3Glc) at pH 5.5 in aqueous solution have been
studied. The most effective fluorescence excitations of cyanidin were at the
UV absorption maxima at 220 and at 230 nm and at higher wavelengths at 270
and at 280 nm. Cyanidin exhibits fluorescence emission maxima at 310 nm and
in the visible range at 615 nm. For the Cy3Glc most effective fluorescence
excitation was at 220 and at 230 nm and at higher wavelengths at 300 and at
310 nm. Cy3Glc has fluorescence emission spectra with the maximum at 380 nm
and does not show fluorescence emission in the visible range. If compare
fluorescence emission spectra of cyanidin and Cy3Glc it can be seen that
fluorescence emission intensity for cyanidin is significantly higher than
that for Cy3Glc. These results reveals the impact of 3-glucosidic
substitution at C-3 of aglycone (to form Cy3Glc) on the significantly
decrease in fluorescence emission intensity, and disappearance of the
fluorescence emission in visible wavelength range.
Fiscal policy and rebalancing in the euro area: A critique of the German debt brake from a post-Keynesian perspective
Authors: Hein Eckhard , Truger Achim
Published: April 2014

The German debt brake is often regarded as a great success story and has
therefore served as a role model for the Euro area and it?s Fiscal Compact.
In this paper we fundamentally criticise the debt brake. Firstly, we show
that it suffers from serious shortcomings and that its success is far from
certain even from a mainstream point of view. Secondly, we show that, from a
Post-Keynesian perspective, the debt brake completely neglects the
requirements for fiscal policies of member countries in a currency union like
the Euro area. It will prevent fiscal policy from contributing to the
necessary rebalancing in the Euro area. Thirdly, we show that alternative
scenarios, which could avoid the deflationary pressures of the German Debt
Brake on domestic demand and contribute to internally rebalancing the Euro
area, are extremely unlikely as they would have to rely on unrealistic shifts
in the functional income distribution and/or investment and savings behaviour
in Germany.
The European central bank and the us federal reserve as lender of last resort
Authors: Herr Hansjörg
Published: April 2014

Without a lender of last resort financial stability is not possible and
systemic financial crises get out of control. During and after the Great
Recession the US Federal Reserve System (Fed) and the European Central Bank
(ECB) took on the role of lender of last resort in a comprehensive way. The
Fed stabilised the financial system, including the shadow banking system.
However, the chance to fundamentally restructure the financial system was
not used. The ECB was confronted with sovereign debt crises and an
incomplete integration of the European Monetary Union (EMU). It followed a
kind of ?muddling through? to keep the Euro area together. In the EMU not
only a fundamental restructuring of the financial system is needed but also
a deeper economic and political integration. The Fed and the ECB both were
the most important institutions to avoid repetition of the 1930s.
Determinants of non-performing loans: The case of Eurozone
Authors: Makri Vasiliki , Tsagkanos Athanasios , Bellas Athanasios
Published: April 2014

The purpose of the present study is to identify the factors affecting the
non-performing loans rate (NPL) of Eurozone?s banking systems for the period
2000-2008, just before the beginning of the recession. In our days, Eurozone
is in the middle of an unprecedented financial crisis, calling into question
the soundness of the banking systems of European countries. Looking at both
macro-variables (e.g. annual percentage growth rate of gross domestic
product, public debt as % of gross domestic product, unemployment) and
micro-variables (e.g. loans to deposits ratio, return on assets, return on
equity), we investigate which factors determine NPL on aggregate level.
Overall, our findings reveal strong correlations between NPL and various
macroeconomic (public debt, unemployment, annual percentage growth rate of
gross domestic product) and bank-specific (capital adequacy ratio, rate of
nonperforming loans of the previous year and return on equity) factors.