bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘You Don’t Have to Pray to Somebody in Special English’: Style, Narration, and Salvation in Urban Kenya
Authors: Brummel Elizabeth J.
Published: May 2014

Abstract

In this article I argue that salvation narratives are part of a transnational speech genre that is both produced by and produces the imaginary of a global Christian ecumene. Each token of the genre, however, takes on local accents—especially in terms of the nature of sin and salvation—that illuminate anxieties particular to the sociohistorical context in which they are told. I analyze one young Kenyan man’s narrative to suggest that mobilizing the genre appropriately and effectively is a key part of the process of Christian salvation. I show how a close linguistic analysis of narrative with attention to its form as well as its content offers unique insight into the ways born-again Christians make themselves recognizable as such as well as the ways they manage the ever-present tensions between continuity and rupture in Christian spiritual rebirth.
Free Movement or Benefit Tourism: The Unreasonable Burden of Brey
Authors: Verschueren Herwig
Published: May 2014

Abstract

This article analyses the Brey judgment of the eu Court of Justice, in which the cj had to rule on a claim for a social assistance benefit in a host Member State by an economically inactive migrant person. The legal context within which the Court had to deal with these questions differs from other cases regarding the politically highly sensitive question of the right to access to social benefits for economically inactive migrant Union citizens. It had to deal with the interpretation of the provisions in Social Security Coordination Regulation 883/2004 on the so-called ‘special non-contributory cash benefits’. This article examines the judgment in the light of previous political compromises and agreements on the relationship between Regulation 883/2004 and Citizens Directive 2004/38. It also looks into the consequences of the judgment for the concept of ‘social assistance’ in both these instruments and for the concept of ‘conflict rule’ in Regulation 883/2004. The issue of what claim should be considered as an ‘unreasonable burden’ on the host State’s social assistance system under Directive 2004/38 is assessed in more detail. The conclusion of the article is that this judgment has not only overruled previous political compromises but has also created more confusion than ever on the entitlement to social minimum benefits for economically inactive eu migrants.
Experiencing Geometry in Roman Surveyors’ Texts
Authors: Roby Courtney
Published: May 2014

The surveyors who mapped and measured the Roman world engaged broadly with the Greek tradition of mathematical literature, transforming it to fit their profession’s practical needs and to enhance the cultural status of their discipline. This paper will explore the transformative strategies used by Hyginus Gromaticus and Balbus, two agrimensorial authors who wrote in the late first or early second century ce. Both authors work to integrate Greek mathematical knowledge into a literary milieu in which broad appeal is privileged over narrow expertise, and a profession which demanded the application of mathematical knowledge to the experiential needs of surveyors. The hands-on experiences of practicing surveyors selectively re-formed the mathematical and literary structures of Greek mathematics, including both verbal and visual elements. Far from being derivative repetitions or simplifications of the mathematical material, these texts build it into a rich structure of creatively deployed experiential knowledge, giving it a new life in a complex and concrete world.
The So-Called ‘Chaucer Astrolabe’ from the Koelliker Collection, Milan
Authors: Bennett Jim , Strano Giorgio
Published: May 2014

The so-called “Chaucer Astrolabe” from the Koelliker collection, Milan, is a remarkable 14th-century English instrument. In addition to recounting its recent story and expounding its detailed description, this article offers a multi-sided approach to the object. The instrument is examined in relation to some of the early manuscript copies and to other astrolabes that have most commonly been seen as linked to Geoffrey Chaucer’s Treatise on the Astrolabe. In particular, the article provides stylistic and astronomical analyses through comparisons with the illustrations in the early copies of the Treatise, a selection of very similar instruments, and the data of the Pseudo-Messahalla star table. This multi-sided approach has some implications for existing scholarship on the astrolabes in the Chaucer tradition.
Colloquium 1 The Forms of Likeness and Unlikeness in Proclus
Authors: d’Hoine Pieter
Published: May 2014

This paper analyses the central function that the Forms of Likeness and Unlikeness perform in the metaphysics of Proclus. Mainly drawing from Proclus’ Commentary on the Parmenides, the focus will be on the double role of these Forms as causes of the (reciprocal) relations of (un)likeness between different sensible particulars on the one hand and of the (asymmetric) relations between sensible particulars and the Forms in which they partake on the other. It will be argued that the relations of (un)likeness between sensible particulars, while not identical to the corresponding relations between particulars and Forms, can nonetheless be related to the causal operation of the same Forms. One can therefore conclude that Proclus’ account of the causality of Likeness and Unlikeness – despite its complexity, which is partly due to the combination of exegetic and more systematic considerations – is consistent.
Commentary on d’Hoine
Authors: Ahbel-Rappe Sara
Published: May 2014

Professor d’Hoine claims that Proclus assigns a specific ontological function to the Form of Likeness in his Commentary on the Parmenides. According to d’Hoine, for Proclus, each individual must, qua individual striving to imitate the form, present a difference; this difference or unlikeness of one member of a coordinate kind to another, the plurality of participants in a Form, is Form’s by the Form of Unlikeness. And in a similar way, the Form of Likeness then guarantees the imitation of the Form by the particular. I try to show that in other passages in Proclus’ oeuvre, likeness extends to include many more relationships than the Forms instantiation as a material particular. Hence, Likeness is not confined to this specific ontological function.
Colloquium 3 Unqualified Generation in Aristotle’s Natural Philosophy
Authors: Shaw Michael M.
Published: May 2014

This paper examines the divergent accounts of generation in Physics I and On Generation and Corruption. While the former concerns an unqualified and absolute generation of substance from not-substance, the latter describes the unqualified and simple generation of the elements from each other. In each of these texts, an unusual instance of ὀρέγεσθαι (to strive after) appears in Aristotle’s analysis, regarding the unqualified generation of substance at Phys. I 9, 192a18 and 19, and the cyclical transformation of the elements at GC II 10, 336b28. These passages employ the verb consistently, suggesting that generation involves an ambiguous ontological desire. Such orectic striving differs greatly from human or other animal striving for some good. The accounts of generation in these texts are developed in order to emphasize both the distinction between the two processes and the significance of ontological desire to unqualified generation in its strongest sense
Commentary on Shaw
Authors: Kelsey Sean
Published: May 2014

Shaw’s paper is focused on Aristotle’s treatment of generation in Physics I and On Generation and Corruption. His idea is that these treatments are addressed to very different phenomena, which difference gives rise (in the one case) to a special problem (concerning the unity of living things) calling for a very special solution (the posit of an ‘ontological desire’ of matter for form). The thrust of my comments is that the pheno­mena in question (the generation of simple bodies, the generation of living things) are in the relevant respects very much alike. This means that the problem Shaw raises is even more radical than he supposes, and ditto (therefore) the idea appealed to in its solution.
Colloquium 5 The Birds and the Bees: Aristotle on the Biologcial Concept of ἀνάλογον
Authors: Henry Devin
Published: May 2014

In this paper I examine Aristotle’s biological use of the concept of analogy. On the reading I defend, biological analogues are parts that realize the same capacity of soul or occupy a similar location in the animals whose parts they are but are not specific (“more-and-less”) modifications of the same underlying material substratum. The concept of analogy serves two principal functions in Aristotle’s biology. First, Aristotle uses analogy as a tool for classifying animals into separate natural kinds (Part 3). Second, analogy plays an explanatory role in which the same causal explanation is transferred to “φ and its analogue” (Part 4). Here the function of analogy is to group different parts into a single explanatory class unified on the basis of shared causes. One of the upshots of my interpretation is that, while analogical unity may allow us to posit a common explanation for φ and its analogue, it is not grounds for treating the class of animals that ­possess those parts as a natural kind. For Aristotle, natural kinds are groups whose shared similarities must result from common causes operating on a common material substratum.
Colloquium 6 Dialectic and Proto-Phenomenology in Aristotle’s Topics and Physics
Authors: Kirkland Sean D.
Published: May 2014

In this essay, I begin by observing that dialectic is the method Aristotle explicitly associates with the activity of philosophizing, both when he introduces dialectic in the Topics and also, with some refinements and developments, in the methodological discussions of later works, the opening pages of the Physics being taken as exemplary. I then interpret these passages, attending very closely to the argument, the imagery, and the etymological resonances of Aristotle’s terminology. This leads me to argue that dialectic, in both its (likely) earlier and later forms, is best understood as a proto-phenomenological method, which is to say, a method of clarifying what is already presenting itself in the initial, especially promising, pre-philosophical ‘appearances’ of one’s subject matter, for which Aristotle’s term is ἔνδοξα. Finally, given that this proto-phenomenological dialectic is a method for arriving at an understanding of ‘what is,’ its employment seems to entail a quite radical underlying Aristotelian ontology. That is, Aristotelian thought would seem to be aimed not at objective being (or at a reality placed over against, and always potentially severed from, an experiencing subject), but rather at phenomenal being (or what has always already appeared to us in pre-philosophical experience, even if that initial appearing stands in need of clarification or interpretation).
Commentary on Kirkland
Authors: Wians William
Published: May 2014

In his fine paper on the aims of Aristotle’s methods, Sean Kirkland suggests that Aristotle practiced a proto-phenomenological approach to truth. In doing so, Kirkland reminds us of the lived dimension of Aristotle’s philosophizing, an active and ongoing response to the world that begins long before the emergence of philosophical concepts and systems. I am in sympathy with much of what Kirkland argues. However, I think more needs to be said about the relationship between dialectic and demonstration, and about the precise nature of dialectic itself, which Aristotle characterizes as a form of deductive argument, rather than the loose collection of inductive techniques implied by Kirkland. Aristotle shows a remarkable sensitivity to the complexity of searching for principles, and the variety of means by which the search is conducted, implying a need for a discourse on methods, though he himself supplies it only unsystematically.
Reciprocal NP-Strategies in Jewish Dialects of Near Eastern Neo-Aramaic in Light of Parallel Semitic Constructions
Authors: Bar-Asher Siegal Elitzur A.
Published: May 2014

This article focuses on the origin of the forms of various NP-strategies for expressing reciprocity in the Jewish dialects of North Eastern Neo-Aramaic (nena). The discussion concerning the origin of these forms is of special interest when considering their historical relationship with their regional ancestors from Late Aramaic (Syriac, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, and Mandaic). This discussion is conducted in light of what has been previously discussed concerning similar constructions among the Semitic languages and cross-linguistically. This article also elaborates on the relationship between reciprocal constructions and sociative- comitative- collective expressions.
A Judeo-French Wedding Song from the Mid-13th Century: Literary Contacts between Jews and Christians
Authors: Edzard Alexandra
Published: May 2014

The subject of this article is a bilingual Judeo-French wedding song, edited by David Simon Blondheim in 1927. It is studied in its linguistic (Hebrew and French) and cultural (Jewish and Christian France) context. In the Jewish tradition, the song belongs to a widely used form of poetry in which two or more languages alternate. A similar bi- and multilingualism can also be found in medieval Christian poetry in France and in Muslim poetry in Moorish Spain. The present study concentrates on poems in which French can be found together with other languages. The article demonstrates influence from Christian multilingual poetry on the Judeo-French wedding song. In addition, it discusses how Jewish and Christian poets proceed when using more than one language and what reasons there are for the use of multiple languages within a single text.
An illustrated catalogue of the scalpellid barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Scalpellidae) collected during the HMS “Challenger” expedition and deposited in the Natural History Museum, London
Authors: SHALAEVA KATE
Published: May 2014

For the first time since 1883, the “Challenger” collection of scalpellids stored in the Natural History Museum (London) and studied by Hoek, has been reviewed. It comprises 40 species now assigned to 17 genera and three subfamilies within the family Scalpellidae. A checklist of published records, type status, sources of supplementary descriptive information, updated distributions and known depth records is given. New photographs are included which may be useful for species identification and for any future systematic rearrangement of the scalpellids. Trianguloscalpellum weltnerianum (Pilsbry, 1911) is recognised as a junior subjective synonym of Trianguloscalpellum album (Hoek, 1883).
Diagnosing the Intercept Parameters of the Exponential Drop Size Distributions in a Single-Moment Microphysics Scheme and Impact on Supercell Storm Simulations
Authors: Wainwright Charlotte E. , Dawson Daniel T. , Xue Ming , Zhang Guifu
Published: May 2014

In this study, power-law relations are developed between the intercept parameter N0 of the exponential particle size distribution and the water content for the rain, hail, graupel, and snow hydrometeor categories within the Milbrandt and Yau microphysics scheme. Simulations of the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma tornadic supercell are performed using the diagnostic relations for rain only and alternately for all four precipitating species, and results are compared with those from the original fixed-N0 single- and double-moment versions of the scheme. Diagnosing N0 for rain is found to improve the results of the simulation in terms of reproducing the key features of the double-moment simulation while still retaining the computational efficiency of a single-moment scheme. Results more consistent with the double-moment scheme are seen in the general storm structure, the cold-pool structure and intensity, and the number concentration fields. Diagnosing the intercept parameters for all four species, including those for the ice species, within the single-moment scheme yields even closer agreement with the double-moment simulation results. The decreased cold-pool intensity is very similar to that produced by the double-moment simulation, as is the areal extent of the simulated storm. The diagnostic relations are also tested on a simulated squall line, with similar promising results. This study suggests that, when compared with traditional fixed intercept parameters used in typical single-moment microphysics schemes, results closer to a double-moment scheme can be obtained through the use of diagnostic relations for the parameters of the particle size distribution, with little extra computational cost.
Texture Feature Extraction Method for Ground Nephogram Based on Hilbert Spectrum of Bidimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Song Aiguo , Li Jianqing , Zhu Yimin , Sun Xuejin , Zeng Hong
Published: May 2014

It is important to recognize the type of cloud for automatic observation by ground nephoscope. Although cloud shapes are protean, cloud textures are relatively stable and contain rich information. In this paper, a novel method is presented to extract the nephogram feature from the Hilbert spectrum of cloud images using bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD). Cloud images are first decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) of textural features through BEMD. The IMFs are converted from two- to one-dimensional format, and then the Hilbert–Huang transform is performed to obtain the Hilbert spectrum and the Hilbert marginal spectrum. It is shown that the Hilbert spectrum and the Hilbert marginal spectrum of different types of cloud textural images can be divided into three different frequency bands. A recognition rate of 87.5%–96.97% is achieved through random cloud image testing using this algorithm, indicating the efficiency of the proposed method for cloud nephogram.
Pediatrician Noncompliance With the American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines for the Workup of UTI in Infants
Authors: Coutinho Karl , Stensland Kristian , Akhavan Ardavan , Jayadevan Rajiv , Stock Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2014

Background. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines on the workup for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in infants discourages the use of bagged urine specimens for urine culture. We report the results of a survey to assess urine collection preferences and adherence to AAP guidelines in clinical practice. Methods. A 29-question survey was e-mailed to pediatrician AAP members to determine their preferred method of urine collection in hypothetical infant patients. Results. Data from 155 respondents were analyzed. In febrile, circumcised boys, up to 18% preferred bagged specimens for urine culture, against AAP recommendations. In febrile girls, 13% of respondents preferred bagged specimens. There was no significant relationship between adherence to AAP guidelines and respondent’s age, gender, years in practice, fellowship training, academic affiliation, or other demographic factors. Conclusions. Up to 18% of practitioners prefer bagged specimens over more sterile ones in the workup of febrile UTIs in infants, against AAP guidelines.
A Social Building? Prison Architecture and Staff–Prisoner Relationships
Authors: Beijersbergen Karin A. , Dirkzwager Anja J. E. , van der Laan Peter H. , Nieuwbeerta Paul
Published: May 2014

Relationships between correctional officers and prisoners are crucial to life in prison, and affect prison order and prisoners’ well-being. Research on factors influencing staff–prisoner relationships is scarce and has not included the design of prison buildings. This study examined the association between prison architecture and prisoners’ perceptions of their relationships with officers. Data were used from the Prison Project, a large-scale study in which 1,715 prisoners held in 117 units in 32 Dutch remand centers were surveyed. Multilevel analyses showed that prison layout was related to officer–prisoner relationships: Prisoners in panopticon layouts were less positive than prisoners in other layouts. In addition, prisoners housed in older units and in units with more double cells were less positive about officer–prisoner interactions.
Arun Kolatkar’s description of India
Authors: Ravinthiran Vidyan
Published: May 2014

Literary description has traditionally been underrated by the Anglo-American academy; also by Indian critics with fixed ideas about what poems in English about their country should be like. (“Description”, in this context, isn’t simply a stylistic term — it relates to how a style influenced by Anglo-American poetics might collide with traditional cultures.) I find in Arun Kolatkar’s descriptive verse about the temple town of Jejuri and urban Mumbai a type of exact factuality with aspirations toward something more: a nuanced understanding of India and its history. His tropes of sight affirm the importance of accurate reportage while also promulgating an unillusioned view of his nation’s colonial past. Documenting the lives of the poor and those caught between a superstitious and a rational understanding of the world, Kolatkar alludes to the larger processes of cultural and technological reorganization which condition their existence — while stressing that individuals are more than the product of their surroundings. His verse demands for its appreciation a true poetics of world literature, which would understand the tiniest cells of stylistic texture as historically expressive. This article therefore features several close readings of individual poems in which effects of rhyme, assonance, syntax, and tone outline a self-critical intelligence unique to Kolatkar’s poems in English. Which start, mischievously, to interpret themselves — critical analysis should not jettison the playfulness which cannot quite disguise the poet’s longing, when he writes in this language, for a greater intimacy with the people and places he describes.
Edge impact damage scenario on stiffened composite structure
Authors: Ostré Benjamin , Bouvet Christophe , Lachaud Frédéric , Minot Clément , Aboissière Jacky
Published: May 2014

Low-velocity/low-energy edge impact and quasi-static experiments have been carried out on carbon fiber-reinforced plastic structures. A drop-weight testing machine has been used to impact four different uni-directional laminates at 10, 20 and 35-J impact energy levels. In parallel, a quasi-static study has been carried out to compare its results with the impact ones. The residual behavior will be provided by the compression after impact tests. The impact results show that the static and dynamic behaviors are different. The difference between static and dynamic edge impacts, to understand the impact damage scenario, is explained with the help of an analytical approach irrespective of the stacking or impact energy. This approach provides good results regarding the dynamic and static initial stiffness along with the crushing plateau. It has been observed that the fiber properties control the initial impact stiffness, while in the quasi-static indentation case, the properties of the matrix control the initial indentation stiffness; whereas the crushing plateau is also controlled by the matrix properties.
Terrorism and the Labor Force
Authors: Berrebi Claude , Ostwald Jordan
Published: May 2014

Recent studies have identified correlational associations linking terrorism and females’ standing in the labor market. Theories have been proposed to explain these associations. Some concluded that women’s participation in the labor force could be the driver that moves terrorism; others proposed that terrorism motivates the deviations in the labor force. No study has adequately explored causality and the direction of this association. Using a panel data set of 165 countries and terrorism data from 1980 to 2007, we find that terrorist attacks decrease female labor force participation and increase the gender gap between male and female labor force participation. By exploiting variation across countries and time, we are able to identify and quantify these effects; we are also able to address endogeneity concerns by using two novel instrumental variable approaches. The results are statistically significant and robust across a multitude of model specifications.
Homeless Educational Policy
Authors: Aviles de Bradley Ann
Published: May 2014

A qualitative research study conducted in two public high schools in an urban area of the Midwest sought to explore the issue of race as it pertains to educational policy implementation for unaccompanied homeless youth of color. Critical Race Theory (CRT) served as the guiding frame and method, uncovering the underlying theme of race in school structures, adult perceptions, and McKinney–Vento policy. Findings indicate a need to further explore the role race plays in understanding, framing, and implementing McKinney–Vento policy in schools.
Framing Virtual Experiences
Authors: Ahn Sun Joo (Grace) , Fox Jesse , Dale Katherine R. , Avant J. Adam
Published: May 2014

In virtual environments (VEs), users experience visceral simulations that feel like the real world. Virtual experiences are proposed as a novel operationalization of gain and loss framed environmental messages. A 2 (gain vs. loss frame) × 2 (high vs. low interactivity) × 3 (pretest, posttest, delayed posttest) experiment was conducted. Immediately following exposure, virtual experiences promoted environmental behavior by reducing paper consumption by 25% compared to a control group. In addition, the gain framed experience of growing a virtual tree promoted behavioral intentions more effectively than the loss framed experience of cutting down a tree. Response efficacy mediated the relationship between framing and environmental behavioral intentions. One week after exposure, response efficacy heightened as a result of the gain frame. Participants in the high interactivity conditions also reported higher levels of environmental behavior than those in the low interactivity conditions one week following exposure.
Zero-dynamics-based adaptive sliding mode control for a wheeled inverted pendulum with parametric friction and uncertain dynamics compensation
Authors: Yue Ming , Wei Xing , Li Zhijun
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we propose a novel control methodology based on zero-dynamics theory for a class of wheeled inverted pendulum (WIP) vehicles, which is efficient even in the presence of uncertain system frictions and dynamics parameters. The control schemes are elegantly constructed so that the WIP vehicle can successfully implement stabilizing of the posture (longitudinal and rotational movements), as well as hold the upright position of the vehicle body (tilt angle stability), only by the two control inputs with the aid of the design approach of zero-dynamics. In particular, the dynamics uncertainties, especially the friction effects, would deteriorate the control performance severely in practice. Therefore, we employ adaptive laws for the design parameters of zero-dynamics subsystem and uncertain coefficients of parametric frictions and dynamics. Consequently, the estimated frictions and dynamics are compensated through feedforward to obtain better control performance. To enhance the robustness of the system against parameter variations and external disturbances, sliding mode control techniques are applied to derive the specific algorithms, and then the closed-loop systems are proven to be globally asymptotically stable by Lyapunov techniques and LaSalle’s invariance theorem. In addition, simulation studies have been performed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategies, which illuminate the promising practical application potentiality of the designed WIP vehicle control system.
Protecting workers through supply chains: Lessons from two construction case studies
Authors: James Philip , Walters David , Sampson Helen , Wadsworth Emma
Published: May 2014

Two case studies of the successful use of supply chains to support the effective management of health and safety on constructions sites are analysed to identify the factors supporting this success. The analysis reveals that a combination of external regulatory pressures and an industry structure facilitative of the establishment and implementation of ‘good practice’ played a crucial role in the outcomes achieved. It is concluded therefore that while the findings lend weight to policy initiatives to utilise the power dynamics in supply chains to protect working conditions, they also suggest that surrounding institutional and industrial contexts exert a potentially crucial influence over their effectiveness. Consequently, it is further argued that such initiatives need to be responsively shaped to them.
A Qualitative Study of Acculturation and Diabetes Risk Among Urban Immigrant Latinas
Authors: O’Brien Matthew J. , Shuman Sara J. , Barrios Dulce M. , Alos Victor A. , Whitaker Robert C.
Published: May 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand how acculturation influences diabetes risk among urban immigrant Latinas (Hispanic women).

Methods

Five focus groups were conducted with 26 urban immigrant Latinas who were at high clinical risk for developing diabetes. The focus group sessions were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. The authors independently analyzed transcripts using an inductive method of open coding and established themes by consensus.

Results

All participants were foreign born and had low levels of acculturation. During the acculturation process, they noted changes in their lifestyle behaviors and the family context in which those behaviors are shaped. They reported that since living in the United States, their improved economic circumstances led to increased consumption of less healthy foods and beverages and a more sedentary lifestyle. They also described changing family roles and responsibilities, including working outside the home, which constrained healthy food choices. However, they perceived that their position of influence within the family offered opportunities to help family members prevent diabetes.

Conclusions

Lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes in Latinas should address their acculturation experiences, which affect family functioning and health behaviors related to diabetes risk. For example, given the perceived link between Latinas’ improved economic circumstances and their diabetes risk, prevention programs should incorporate strategies to help Latinas avoid adopting less healthy lifestyle behaviors that become affordable during the acculturation process.
Estimating a Cognitive Diagnostic Model for Multiple Strategies via the EM Algorithm
Authors: Huo Yan , de la Torre Jimmy
Published: May 2014

The single-strategy deterministic, inputs, noisy “and” gate (SS-DINA) model has previously been extended to a model called the multiple-strategy deterministic, inputs, noisy “and” gate (MS-DINA) model to address more complex situations where examinees can use multiple problem-solving strategies during the test. The main purpose of this article is to adapt an efficient estimation algorithm, the Expectation–Maximization algorithm, that can be used to fit the MS-DINA model when the joint attribute distribution is most general (i.e., saturated). The article also examines through a simulation study the impact of sample size and test length on the fit of the SS-DINA and MS-DINA models, and the implications of misfit on item parameter recovery and attribute classification accuracy. In addition, an analysis of fraction subtraction data is presented to illustrate the use of the algorithm with real data. Finally, the article concludes by discussing several important issues associated with multiple-strategies models for cognitive diagnosis.
Publication Bias in Strategic Management Research
Authors: Harrison Jeffrey S. , Banks George Christopher , Pollack Jeffrey M. , O’Boyle Ernest H. , Short Jeremy
Published: May 2014

Publication bias is the systematic suppression of research findings due to small magnitude, statistical insignificance, or contradiction of prior findings or theory. We review possible reasons why publication bias may exist in strategy research and examine empirical evidence regarding the influence of publication bias in the field. Overall, we conclude that publication bias affects many, but not all, topics in strategic management research. Correlation inflation due to publication bias ranged in magnitude from .00, indicating no bias, to .19, representing considerable bias. These results suggest that caution should be exercised when interpreting scientific conclusions regarding certain determinants of firm performance, while greater confidence may be expressed in others. We discuss how publication bias can be addressed both philosophically and empirically in the domain of strategy.
Knowledge Maturity and the Scientific Value of Innovations
Authors: Capaldo Antonio , Lavie Dovev , Messeni Petruzzelli Antonio
Published: May 2014

How does the scientific value of innovations vary with the maturity of the knowledge that underlies them? We reconcile conflicting views in the innovation literature by introducing a contingency perspective that underscores the role of knowledge distance along technological and geographical domains. We predict an inverted U-shaped effect of knowledge maturity on the scientific value of new innovations. We further suggest that incorporating geographically distant knowledge can enhance the value contribution of knowledge maturity, whereas incorporating technologically distant knowledge or waiting for the adoption of knowledge in the industry mitigates this value. Our analysis of 5,575 biotechnology patented innovations offers support for our conjectures. We thus advance research on knowledge management and innovation by underscoring the temporal aspect of innovation and its interplay with technological and geographical distances.
Significance of Rat Mammary Tumors for Human Risk Assessment
Authors: Russo Jose
Published: May 2014

We have previously indicated that the ideal animal tumor model should mimic the human disease. This means that the investigator should be able to ascertain the influence of host factors on the initiation of tumorigenesis, mimic the susceptibility of tumor response based on age and reproductive history, and determine the response of the tumors induced to chemotherapy. The utilization of experimental models of mammary carcinogenesis in risk assessment requires that the influence of ovarian, pituitary, and placental hormones, among others, as well as overall reproductive events are taken into consideration, since they are important modifiers of the susceptibility of the organ to neoplastic development. Several species, such as rodents, dogs, cats, and monkeys, have been evaluated for these purposes; however, none of them fulfills all the criteria specified previously. Rodents, however, are the most widely used models; therefore, this work will concentrate on discussing the rat rodent model of mammary carcinogenesis.
Qigong Effects on Heart Rate Variability and Peripheral Vasomotor Responses
Authors: Chang Mei-Ying
Published: May 2014

Population aging is occurring worldwide, and preventing cardiovascular event in older people is a unique challenge. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 12-week qigong (eight-form moving meditation) training program on the heart rate variability and peripheral vasomotor response of middle-aged and elderly people in the community. This was a quasi-experimental study that included the pre-test, post-test, and nonequivalent control group designs. Seventy-seven participants (experimental group = 47; control group = 30) were recruited. The experimental group performed 30 min of eight-form moving meditation 3 times per week for 12 weeks, and the control group continued their normal daily activities. After 12 weeks, the interaction effects indicated that compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited significantly improved heart rate variability and peripheral vasomotor responses.
Multi-Level Model of Missed Nursing Care in the Context of Hospital Merger
Authors: Castner Jessica , Wu Yow-Wu B. , Dean-Baar Susan
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study was to delineate the multi-level relationships of individual registered nurse (RN) and nursing unit factors on missed nursing care. This was a quantitative model-building study using a descriptive, cross-sectional design. Surveys ( N = 553) and administrative unit records from nurses in one hospital system undergoing merger were included. The results showed that 36% of the variation in missed nursing care is due to the unit context, with a corresponding 64% due to individual nurse differences. At the unit level, workload, skill mix, and critical unit type affected the amount of missed nursing care. At the individual nurse level, more experience, supplies problems, communication problems, and involvement in errors of commission all increased the perception of the amount of missed nursing care. Education level was not related to the amount of missed nursing care. The findings highlight the importance of unit- and individual-level interventions to redesign hospital nursing care.
A Case of Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy of Neonatal Onset
Authors: Fusco Carlo , Frattini Daniele , Panteghini Celeste , Pascarella Rosario , Garavaglia Barbara
Published: May 2014

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is a rare neurodegenerative disorder, with onset in the first or second year of life. Mutations in the PLA2G6 gene encoding iPLA2-VI, a calcium-independent phospholipase, have been identified in these children. In classic infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy–affected children, psychomotor regression is the most frequent presentation, usually with ataxia and optic atrophy, followed by the development of tetraparesis. We report a child carrying a homozygous mutation in the PLA2G6 gene with neonatal onset of disease and somewhat different clinical phenotype such as severe congenital hypotonia, marked weakness, and bulbar signs suggesting that infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy can start at birth with atypical phenotype.
Nutrition Interventions to Optimize Pediatric Wound Healing
Authors: Thompson Kirsten L. , Leu Michael G. , Drummond Kathryn L. , Popalisky Jean , Spencer Suzanne M. , Lenssen Polly M.
Published: May 2014

Background and Objective: There is no accepted nutrition approach for wound healing in children. Our aims were to determine optimal nutrition support for pediatric wound healing. Methods: We applied local methods to create evidence‐ and consensus‐based recommendations, supported by implementation tools, including algorithms, clinical decision supports, and measures. We applied these recommendations to the care of 49 patients from December 5, 2011, to December 5, 2012. Results: Six articles were found that addressed our clinical questions, and we formulated 5 clinical recommendations. Evidence supported evaluating patients for vitamin C, zinc, and protein deficiency. Of the patients where laboratory values were checked, 9 patients were zinc deficient (33%) and 12 patients were vitamin C deficient (48%). Discussion and Practical Application: The implementation of our recommendations has led to increased identification of micronutrient deficiencies and closer monitoring of nutrition status and intake. Online clinical decision supports can accelerate the adoption of clinical recommendations and reduce provider practice variation.
Sexual Victimization of Youth With a Physical Disability
Authors: Mueller-Johnson Katrin , Eisner Manuel P. , Obsuth Ingrid
Published: May 2014

Children with disabilities have been shown to be at greater risk of victimization than those without. Although much of the research combines disability of any type into a single disability category, recent evidence suggests that not all types of disabilities are equally associated with victimization. To date, little knowledge exists about the victimization of youth with physical disabilities. This study used data from a national school-based survey of adolescents ( n = 6,749, mean age = 15.41, SD = .66) in Switzerland to investigate sexual victimization (SV) among physically disabled youth. Two subtypes of SV were differentiated: contact SV, including penetration or touching/kissing, and non-contact SV, such as exhibitionism, verbal harassment, exposure to sexual acts, or cyber SV. A total of 360 (5.1%) youth self-identified as having a physical disability. Lifetime prevalence rates for contact SV were 25.95% for girls with a physical disability (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29 compared with able-bodied girls), 18.50% for boys with physical disability (OR = 2.78 compared with able-bodied boys), and 22.35% for the total sample with physical disability (OR = 1.74 compared with able-bodied youth). For non-contact SV, the lifetime prevalence was 48.11% for girls with a physical disability (OR = 1.44 compared with able-bodied girls), 31.76% for boys with physical disability (OR = 1.95 compared with able-bodied boys), and 40.28% for the total sample with physical disability (OR = 1.67 compared with able-bodied youth). After controlling for other risk factors, physical disability was a significant predictor of contact and non-contact SV for boys, but not for girls.
Gender Differences in Recurrent Mental Health Contact After a Hospitalization for Interpersonal Violence
Authors: Meuleners Lynn B. , Fraser Michelle L.
Published: May 2014

Interpersonal violence and mental illness are significant public health issues. This study aimed to determine gender differences in risk factors for recurrent mental health contacts after a hospitalization for interpersonal violence in Western Australia between 1997 and 2008. This population-based retrospective cohort study used linked hospital morbidity data and mental health records to identify individuals who were hospitalized due to interpersonal violence and had recurrent mental health contacts following hospitalization. A total of 1,969 individuals had a first-ever mental health contact after their index hospitalization for violence. The most common reasons for a mental health contact after interpersonal violence hospitalization were anxiety and/or depression ( n = 396, 20.1%), neurotic disorders (n=338, 11.8%), schizophrenia (n=232, 11.8%), and psychoactive substance use ( n = 206, 10.5%). Different risk factors for recurrent contact with mental health services emerged for males and females. For males, factors significantly associated with increased risk of recurrent mental health contacts included advancing age and not being married. However, for females, type of violence, Indigenous status, age, and living in rural or remote areas affected the risk of recurrent mental health contacts, whereas marital status did not. These findings have implications for the targeting of mental health prevention programs tailored specifically for males and females affected by violence.
Research Ethics and Private Harms
Authors: Koocher Gerald P.
Published: May 2014

This commentary addresses the emotionally powerful account of Nicole Taus Kluemper from the perspective of a psychologist familiar with the administrative operation of the American Psychological Association (APA) and the ethics of the profession. The application of the APA’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct to the case is discussed, and alternative methods of response that researchers who have concerns about case studies might use are offered. The author concludes that existing ethical principles—the aspirational standards in particular—do bear upon the matter in question. However, the enforceable code of conduct is not sufficiently clear about obligations to those whom psychologists publicly discuss when the psychologist does not have a specific duty of care to an individual.
Women (Re)Negotiating Care across Family Generations
Authors: Conlon Catherine , Timonen Virpi , Carney Gemma , Scharf Thomas
Published: May 2014

Changing Generations, a study of intergenerational relations in Ireland undertaken between 2011 and 2013 by the Social Policy and Ageing Research Centre (SPARC), Trinity College, Dublin, and the Irish Centre for Social Gerontology (ICSG), NUI Galway, used the Constructivist Grounded Theory method to interrogate support and care provision between generations. This article draws on interviews with 52 women ages 18 to 102, allowing for simultaneous analysis of older and younger women’s perspectives. The intersectionality of gender and class emerged as central to the analysis. Socioeconomic positions shape contrasting forms of interdependency among family generations, ranging from “enmeshed” lives among lower socioeconomic groups to “freed” lives among higher socioeconomic groups. Women are initiating changes in how care and support flow across generations. Older women in higher socioeconomic groups are attuned to how emotional capital women expend across family generations can constrain (young) women’s lives. In an expression of solidarity, older women are renegotiating the place of care labor in their own lives and in the lives of younger women. A new reciprocity emerges that amounts to women “undoing gender.” This process is, however, deeply classed as it is women in higher socioeconomic groups whose resources best place them to renegotiate care.
The effect of railway vehicle dynamics on the lateral alignment of track
Authors: Gong Cencen , Iwnicki Simon , Bezin Yann
Published: May 2014

Track geometry deteriorates with traffic flow, thus it needs to be regularly restored using tamping or other method. As the deterioration is mainly in the vertical direction this aspect has been widely studied and models for its analysis developed, however, the lateral deterioration of track is not as well understood. This research aims to develop a method that can be used to analyse and predict the lateral deterioration of railway track caused by traffic flows, and investigate the influences of different railway vehicles, running speeds, traffic types and wheel/rail contact conditions.
Clinically significant extra-cardiac findings in asymptomatic HIV-positive men undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Loy A , Morgan R , O’Dea S , Daly C , Mulcahy F
Published: May 2014

Increased research-based imaging has led to an increase in clinically significant extra-cardiac findings. HIV patients are at increased risk of having polypathology at a younger age; therefore, it may be hypothesised that they would have more incidental findings on imaging. We reviewed the magnetic resonance imaging results of 169 HIV-positive and 40 HIV-negative, clinically well volunteers undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging scanning to assess the prevalence of subclinical cardiac pathology. This sub-study assessed the prevalence of clinically significant extra-cardiac findings. Associated risk factors were assessed and clinical follow-up and outcome were ascertained. Of the HIV-positive study group, 12/169 (7.1%) vs. 1/40 (2.5%) control patients had a clinically significant extra-cardiac finding which warranted further radiological or clinical intervention ( p = 0.28). A total of three out of 169 (1.1%) were highly clinically significant findings. On logistic regression analysis, age was the only significant contributing factor ( p = 0.049); no HIV-associated factors were found to be significant. The prevalence of clinically significant extra-cardiac findings of 7.1% in this HIV-positive cohort is comparable to the prevalence found in previous studies carried out on an older, sicker general population. This highlights the need for planning for unexpected outcomes and also the high rate of clinically significant findings in a seemingly well HIV-positive population.