bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study Of Retention Of Percentage
Authors:   , Dellett Fred
Published: February 2023

The problem of this thesis was to determine by means of a test the retention of the fundamentals of percentage as shown by be ginning eighth grade pupils, who were taught percentage the previous year in the seventh grade. The fundamentals of percentage are here considered as the changing of percents to decimal fractions or common fractions, the reverse procedures, and the three types of problems arising from the relation, base times rate equals part. These quantities, base, rate, and part, are represented in the example, 300 X 12% = 36, respectively. Because of the inherent relationship of decimal fractions and percent, many of their common uses are overlapping. Percentage has been taught as something distinct and separate from the decimal fraction. »The introduction of percentage was due to the need of a common denominator in comparing numbers, especially, in the form of fractions or ratios.\
Diet And Activity Patterns of Five Bat Species in North-Central Kansas
Authors:   , Wilson Holly
Published: February 2023

My study focuses on six bat species that occur in north-central Kansas. Although each species is widely distributed, information about their diet and activity patterns is lacking, especially within Kansas. Increased knowledge about bat species in Kansas can provide a baseline for future studies and conservation efforts for the species included in my study; big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis), hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), and tricolored bats (Perimyotis subflavus) were captured and fecal samples were examined for diet diversity. I captured bats in mist nets in the Kansas counties of Ellis, Rooks, and Trego from April through October of 2015 and 2016, when temperate bats are most active. Each captured bat was detained to collect a comprehensive fecal sample, which was used to determine diet. I captured 272 bats during 2015, from which 217 fecal samples were collected and captured 333 bats during 2016, of which 241 produced samples. Within the fecal samples, 6 orders of insect were identified: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera. Results showed significant differences in diet between bat species within the state of Kansas, specifically between big brown bat and eastern red bat and between eastern red bat and evening bat for consumption of coleopterans. Big brown bat consumed more coleopterans and eastern red bat consumed more lepidopterans. Significant differences also occurred between eastern red bat and evening bat for consumption of lepidopterans, with eastern red bat consuming more lepidopterans. Activity patterns significantly differed between bat species, specifically between big brown and eastern red bats and between big brown and evening bats. Big brown bat was most often captured at an average of 2.45 hours after sunset, evening bat at an average of 1.67, and eastern red at an average of 1.66 hours after sunset. Sample sizes for both hoary bat and northern myotis were too low to draw firm conclusions relative to prey in their diets. All bat species peaked in activity between 1 and 3 hours after sunset.
Foreign Trade Development of Taiwan
Authors:   , Wang Beatrice
Published: February 2023

In recent years, there saw a rapid expansion of trade by the Republic of China on Taiwan. The volume of trade has been growing continuously over the years, but the upswing since 1963 has been particularly fast. The average annual rate of growth of trade during the ten year period of 1957-1967 was 14.0 per cent. This has been growing more rapidly than that of the gross national product. Therefore, foreign trade has in effect been the major driving force behind Taiwan's expanding economy. Taiwan has an island economy. Because of limited resources and narrow market at home, Taiwan heavily relies on international trade. It is, therefore, the purpose of this study to present and discuss the real situation of Taiwan's foreign trade; how the development of foreign trade affects Taiwan's economy; and the present government foreign trade policy. As a result of this study, some practicable suggestions are made to the policy makers for future reference. During the period of 1957 to 1967, Taiwan's foreign trade has undergone a great expansion as the result of conspicuous change in trade pattern and market. So this study places emphasis on the discussion of Taiwan’s foreign trade from 1957 to 1967. Most of the materials pertaining to this study were obtained from Foreign Exchange and Trade Commission in Taiwan.
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of American and Chinese College Students' Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help and Expectations about Counseling and Counselors
Authors:   , Qiao Xiaowei
Published: February 2023

The number of international students in the U.S. has increased steadily since the early 1990s. Based on this trend, the current study compared American and Chinese college studentsï¿½ attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help and expectations about counseling and counselors. In addition, it compared the stress levels of these two groups and examined Chinese international studentsï¿½ specific stressors. A total of 100 American and 71 Chinese students from a small Midwestern university participated in this study. ATSPPH-SF (Attitudes toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help ï¿½ Short Form), EAC-BF (Expectations about Counseling ï¿½ Brief Form), PSS (Perceived Stress Survey), and QSSCSCIS (Questionnaire of Sources of Stress and Coping Strategies of Chinese International Students) were used to answer specific research questions. Results showed that compared to American students, Chinese students 1) expected counselors to be more empathetic, comfortable with self disclosing, and an expert, 2) showed higher perceived stress levels, and 3) showed more positive attitudes toward seeking psychological help. The findings provide insights for mental health professionals to better serve clients from diverse cultural backgrounds and understand that different cultural groups may show different expectations when seeking psychological help. In addition, the findings may also help on-campus counseling centers to provide more effective and satisfactory services to both American and Chinese students.
Attribution Style Comparisons Between Genders and Between Learning Disabled, Normal Achieving, and Gifted Groups
Authors:   , Seba Jacalyn
Published: February 2023

This study assessed causal attributions on the Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ) for 30 learning disabled (LD), 30 gifted, and 29 normal achieving elementary school children. In addition, gender differences in attributional style were examined. The results provided no support for the hypotheses that LD students have more external, unstable, and specific attributions for positive events (maladaptive attributions) and more internal, stable, and global attributions for negative events (maladaptive attributions) than normal achieving or gifted students. Instead, the present study found that overall, the LD and normal achieving students had more adaptive attributions for positive events than the gifted students. Analyses of the CASQ scores for positive events indicated that the LD students had more stable attributions than the gifted group and that there were no significant differences between the groups for internal or global attributions. In response to negative events, analyses of the CASQ scores indicated that the LD students had less internal attributions than the normal achieving or gifted groups; there were no significant differences between the groups in stable and global attributions for negative events. The findings in the present study provided no support for the two gender hypotheses that, compared to males, females have more internal, stable, and global attributions for negative events and more external, unstable, and specific attributions for positive events. The composite score for internal, stable, and global attributions for negative events indicated that females have fewer maladaptive attributions than males. The composite score for external, unstable, and specific attributions for positive events also indicated that females have fewer maladaptive attributions than the males. Analyses of the CASQ subscale scores indicated that all of the measured dimensions of attribution except global/specific attributions for negative events were involved in the composite differences. Hence, females were less external, unstable, and specific than males for positive events and less internal and stable for negative events than males.
A Token Reinforcement Program Using Self-Administered Tokens and Backup Reinforcement with No Record Keeping Duties
Authors:   , Halderman Barrett
Published: February 2023

The present study was designed to compare the effectiveness of a token program using self-administered tokens, no record keeping duties and self-administered backup reinforcement as home to a similar program where the self-administration of backup reinforcement was conducted at school. The subjects used in the study were 16-sixth grade males. The target behaviors for the study were accuracy in math and spelling. The study was divided into two experiments. Tokens were pieces of model car and airplane kits. The backup reinforcement was the process of putting the kits together and the finished model. Because of the nature of the backup reinforcement, neither the teacher nor the parent was responsible for the delivery of backup reinforcement nor was anyone required to keep records of how many tokens were needed for a given backup reinforce. In the first experiment, accuracy on math assignments was the target behavior. From the baseline data, an average score was established for each subject. During the token phase of the experiment, subjects could earn tokens when their daily math scores exceeded their average score. Two tokens were awarded for every percentage point a subject’s daily score exceeded his average score. In Group A, backup reinforcement was self-administered at school. In Group B, backup reinforcement was self-administered at home. No significant increases in math accuracy occurred in either Group A or Group B. The second experiment was identical to the first experiment with the exception that accuracy on spelling tests was the target behavior. Again, no increases in spelling grades occurred in Groups A or B. Because neither token program resulted in increased academic performance in either experiment, the final analysis of the study was not concerned with which token program was more effective, but with why the token program failed in general.
The Vegetation of Remnant Shale-Limestone Prairies in Western Kansas
Authors:   , Hladek Kenneth
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the distribution and vegetative composition of remnant grasslands on shale-limestone parent materials of the Central Kansas Rolling Plains Region in Kansas. The floristic composition of each stand was ascertained by a species list. Percent composition and basal cover were determined by inclined point frames. Quadrats were used to obtain frequency indices for species within each stand. Various topographic features were also recorded and included: (1) slope, (2) exposure, (3) catena position, (4) moisture class, and (5) range site. Disturbance factors, dusting and small mammals were subjectively rated on a one to five scale. Mulch, another subjective measure, was also rated using the same scale. Soil analyses included: ( 1) depth to lime, (2) texture, (3 ) rock content , (4) water- retaining capacity, (5) permanent wilting point , (6 ) percentage organic matter, (7) pH, (8) available potassium, and (9 ) available phosphorous. Five moisture regimes, ranging from very dry to wet mesic, were arbitrary established to compare species distribution and interaction with changes in moisture relations. Most species exhibited continuous distributional patterns across a moisture gradient. Mesic habitats were typically low in species numbers and dry sites were characteristically diverse in species. The dominant grasses were big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi), little bluestem (Andropogon scoparius) and side-oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula). Four communities, based on indicator species, were established within the study area. These communities were very dry (Lesquerella-Tetraneuris), dry mesic (Salvia-Sporobolus), mesic (Amorpha-Euphorbia), and wet mesic (Rosa-Euphorbia).
Sex-Role, Gender, Family Structure, Age and Self-Esteem
Authors:   , Barnt Marla
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate sex-role, gender, age, family structure, and self-esteem. Four independent variables were utilized: sex-role, gender, age, and family structure. The dependent variables were self-esteem scores from the Texas Social Behavior Inventory including three subscales (dominance, confidence, and social withdrawal) and total score. Three instruments were used: a demographic data sheet constructed by the researcher, the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), and the Texas Social Behavior Inventory (TSBI). The sample consisted of 133 subjects, 43 males and 90 females, from a university in the Midwest. A status survey design was employed with predetermined and post hoc groupings. Four composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance. A three-way analysis of variance procedure was employed. A total of 56 comparisons and 56 variance procedure were employed. Of the 56 comparisons 6 were statistically significant at the .05 level; four were for main effects and two for interactions. The results of the present research appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. Androgynous and masculine individuals displayed higher self-esteem than feminine and undifferentiated individuals for the dependent variable Texas Social Behavior Inventory: Total; 2. Androgynous and masculine individuals displayed higher self-esteem than feminine and undifferentiated individuals for the dependent variable Texas Social Behavior Inventory: Dominance; 3. Individuals from nontraditional families displayed higher self-esteem than the individuals from traditional families for the dependent variable Texas Social Behavior Inventory: Total; 4. Gender and sex-role orientation had an interaction for the dependent variable Texas Social Behavior Inventory: Confidence; 5. Age and sex-role orientation had an interaction for the dependent variable Texas Social Behavior Inventory: Dominance.
Post-Drought Survey Of Freshwater Mussels In The Saline And Smoky Hill Rivers With Emphasis On The Status Of The Cylindrical Papershell (Anodontoides Ferussacianus) And Effects Of Lowhead Dams On Growth Of The Pimpleback (Quadrula Pustulosa) In The Neosho River, Kansas
Authors:   , Karlin Andrew
Published: February 2023

Study 1:Post-drought survey of freshwater mussels in the Saline and Smoky Hill rivers with emphasis on the status of the Cylindrical Papershell (Anodontoides ferussacianus) in Kansas. The Cylindrical Papershell (Anodontoides ferussacianus), considered a “Species in Need of Conservation” in Kansas, historically occurred across much of the state; however, recent studies suggest that the species is currently restricted to the upper Smoky Hill-Saline River Basin, and a survey emphasizing the status of the Cylindrical Papershell conducted in 2011 suggested its conservation status be elevated to endangered. Continuing drought since the completion of the 2011 survey raised concerns regarding the status of the Cylindrical Papershell. The objectives of this study were to evaluate possible drought-related changes in Cylindrical Papershell populations and to evaluate the status of this species in Kansas. Timed, tactile searches were conducted at 19 sites on the Saline River and 21 sites on the Smoky Hill River between July and August 2015. Thirty of these sites were revisited from the 2011 survey. In 2011, 24 live Cylindrical Papershell were observed among 11 sites. Declines in Cylindrical Papershell abundance were observed in 2015, with 10 individuals observed at 3 sites. The species occurred at low abundances across a limited geographic range comprised of highly fragmented habitat. Abundance of Cylindrical Papershell per site declined significantly (t=5.19, df=10, p < 0.001) between 2011 and 2015. Study 2: Effects of lowhead dams on growth of the Pimpleback (Quadrula pustulosa) in the Neosho River, Kansas. In Kansas, few studies have investigated freshwater mussel growth rates or variables that might influence growth. Lowhead dams are reported to alter variables thought to influence freshwater mussel growth, including water temperature and primary productivity. Annuli deposited in freshwater mussel valves can be used to estimate age, growth, and recruitment. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences between individual growth characteristics of Pimpleback upstream and downstream of lowhead dams in the Neosho River, Kansas by comparing von Bertalanffy growth function parameters. Pimpleback mussels (Quadrula pustulosa) were collected near 3 lowhead dams in the Neosho River of southeastern Kansas and aged by counting internal annuli. Likelihood ratio tests were used to compare von Bertalanffy growth function parameters between upstream and downstream samples at each lowhead dam sampled. Results of likelihood ratio tests suggested no significant difference in growth between upstream and downstream samples.
Bedford, A Novel
Authors:   , Richardson Donald
Published: February 2023

Bedford is the name of a small town in Missouri near where my parents lived when I was a boy. (It is also the name of small towns in Iowa. and several other states.) The town presented here is not Bedford, but it is quite similar. Many of the characters are modeled after people I knew then and have known, but none exactly. Even if I had wanted to, I found it was impossible to include all of the details about any one person. Still, most of the characters had a counterpart, at least in my reminiscence of what it was like then. Also none of the characters are pure creations, unless Bill Hawkins or Laughing Larry might be. But then I've known farmers and people like Bill Hawkins and Larry O’Connor, people who went at things the way they did, and so even they aren't creations in the strict sense of the word. In writing \Bedford\ I found that I had to take a base in reality and write from that point, seeing what developed.
The Relationships Between Interrogative Suggestibility and the Five Factor Model of Personality
Authors:   , Carr William
Published: February 2023

Previous studies have shown that people who are asked leading or suggestive questions are affected by the way the question was asked and can make erroneous responses (Stern, 1939; Harris, 1973; Loftus & Palmer, 1974). The present study examined the relationship between interrogative suggestibility and personality. Gudjonsson (1987) devised an instrument for measuring interrogative suggestibility (the GSS 2, which assesses the effect of leading questions and negative feedback) in clinical and research settings. Personality was assessed with the NEO-PI-R (Costa & McCrae, 1992) which highlights the five factor model of personality. This study is the first to use the NEO-PI-R to show that personality characteristics of the five factor model of personality are related to interrogative suggestibility. One hundred fifty-four college students completed the questionnaires. Surprisingly, the personality domain of Openness was related to lower total suggestibility. Vulnerability to stress and often experiencing a depressed affect were each found to be associated with giving in to leading questions more frequently. The results may have implications for attorneys protecting their clients involved in a criminal investigation.
Mental Retardation : Severity, Recognition, and Parental Attitudes
Authors:   , Morris Lucille
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to test two specific hypotheses: (1) the mother of a severely mentally retarded child will become aware of the child’s retardation earlier than the mother of a mildly mentally retarded child. And (2) the mildly mentally retarded child will be seen for more psychological evaluations than will the severely mentally retarded child. Forty-four mothers were contacted, 27 of whom participated in the study. Mental retardation in their children had been determined by prior evaluation at the Psychological Service Center, Fort Hays Kansas State College. The mothers were interviewed and four areas involving the mother's perception of the child's mental retardation were investigated: (a) the age of the child when mental retardation first became apparent to the mother, (b) the number of psychological evaluations made of the mentally retarded child, (c) the professional identity of the informant first telling the mother of her child's mental retardation, and (d) the attitudes of the mother as measured by the Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI).
The Kansas Pacific and Railroad Land Policy in Wallace County, Kansas
Authors:   , Brand Robert
Published: February 2023

The Kansas Pacific Railroad Company constructed the first major railroad and received more land grants than any railroad in Kansas. In 1855, the Kansas Pacific was chartered by the territorial legislature as the Leavenworth, Pawnee, and Western Railroad and in 1869, the name was changed to the Kansas Pacific. This study had been divided into three main divisions: the development of the Kansas Pacific from its organization until it was consolidated with the Union Pacific Railroad Company in 1880; the land policy of the Kansas Pacific in Kansas; and the land policy of the Kansas Pacific and subsequent companies in Wallace County, Kansas. Included in the section on Wallace County is a detailed study of the purchasers of land, the amount paid, and the acres purchased from the railroad and subsequent companies.
Edwards County, Kansas, 1872-1900
Authors:   , Coffin Gerald
Published: February 2023

This study of Edwards County presents a general history of the county from 1872-1900; stress is on the agricultural development. After a brief discussion of the natural setting and the early settlement and organization of the county, the period covered is divided into three sections: adversity, 1874-1833; boom, 1884-1887; and readjustment, 1888-1900. General agricultural conditions and outstanding events occurring during each period are recorded. Primary sources utilized consists of contemporary newspaper accounts and the secondary sources, in the main, are publications of the Kansas State Historical Society and the Kansas State Board of Agriculture. Kinsley, the county seat and the largest and oldest towns in the county, received more attention than the smaller towns and rural areas of the county. However, the founding of Offerle, Nettleton, Lewis, Fellsburg, Kirkfield, Wendell, and Belpre are also discussed. The writer has included three maps: the county in 1887; boundary changes from 1867 to 1886; and an excerpt from the Kinsley Mercury, April 30, 1887, showing the proposed and completed railroads in Edwards County. Appendix A shows the population of the county, and Kinsley, from 1875 to 1960; Appendix B records the wheat and corn acreage and average yield, and the total value of all field crops, from 1875 to 1900.
The Comparative Achievement of Entering College Freshmen Based On Standardized Tests And Semester Grade Point
Authors:   , Reed Floyd
Published: February 2023

To any interested reader or teacher, the purpose of this study was to discover significant differences, if any, in achievement of student s in the three classes of high schools. This brings the reader directly to the general problem of the thesis which may be stated as follows, \The Comparative Achievement of Entering College Freshmen Based on Standardized Tests and Semester Grade Point. More specifically , the problem was to discover: (1) significant differences , if any, in achievement of college freshmen from class “A” , \B\ and “C” high schools in Kansas, by the use of standardized tests in English, mathematics, physical science, biological science, and social science, (2) significant differences, if any, in semester grade point, (3) the effect of military service on achievement, (4) correlation of mental test scores with scores made in the entrance tests, and with first semester average grade point.
A Survey of Representative Non-Traditional Musical Notation of the Mid-Twentieth Century
Authors:   , Bell Marylyn
Published: February 2023

This paper will look at some of the staggering profusion of notational systems and devices currently being used by western composers.
Evaluating The Effect Of Water Supplementation On Ring-Necked Pheasant And Mesocarnivore Occupancy In Western Kansas
Authors:   , Calderon Brandon
Published: February 2023

A “guzzler” is any structure that stores and supplements water for wildlife populations. They are often used to target economically influential game species where water is thought to be potentially limiting. Upland game, like the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) in the semi-arid landscape of western Kansas, represent such populations as guzzlers have become common practice in wildlife management applications across the region, especially on lands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). However, little is known about the spatial response, if any, of wildlife populations to guzzlers or the potential increased risk they pose for predation. From June to August of 2011 and 2012 my project used occupancy modeling techniques to identify if guzzlers potentially influenced occupancy by Phasianus colchicus and their potential predators (i.e., mesocarnivores) on CRP lands in western Kansas. Phasianus colchicus detection was most explained by month of survey (highest in June; P < 0.001), with occupancy being most influenced by distance from edge and percent forb cover at cameras, and land cover type at sites (camera data aggregated). For mesocarnivores, guzzler was the top performing habitat feature for explaining detection at cameras, but only raccoon (Procyon lotor) had guzzler best explain detection across sites as well. This suggested that increased predation near guzzlers, especially from an efficient nest predator like P. lotor, might be possible. While controlling for differences in detection, however, guzzlers did not perform well for explaining any target species occupancy. However, future studies are needed to truly evaluate this potential, as well as to assess the capacity for guzzlers to augment local population abundance, even if only during times of drought.
Community Structure and Insular Analysis of the Towns of the Black-Tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys Ludovicianus) in Western Kansas
Authors:   , Latas Patricia
Published: February 2023

Black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) towns in western Kansas appeared to be distinct communities scattered among geographically diverse regions. During the summer months of 1975-1977, prairie dog towns in western Kansas were surveyed. The study period of 1975 was used for orientation and general observation. Twelve towns in 1976 were sampled according to the modified step-point method for determination of plant species composition. A total of 73 towns were surveyed in 1977, in which the total number of plant and bird species, area, and variables of isolation were measured. With a modified Bitterlich method, mound density and cover were also determined. Community structure of prairie dog towns was quantitatively examined by principal components analysis (PCA). It was found that towns were distinct communities but their differences were considered sufficient for testing the distributional aspects of the communities across Kansas. Fragmentation of large towns in the historical past probably led to isolation of smaller towns; analysis of the isolation was possible through PCA and stepwise multiple regression. Results from these tests showed that towns varied clinally according to the number of plant species and bird species observed. It was concluded that is location of these unique communities has increased recently and chances of new colonization are diminishing. It was suggested that understanding the community structure may lead to more intelligent and satisfactory management of prairie dog towns in western Kansas.
Casual Attribution of Grade School and College Students as a Function of Initial Expectancy and Performance Outcome
Authors:   , Belden Brian
Published: February 2023

One hundred sixty elementary school students and one hundred sixty undergraduate college students took a ten-item anagrams test. The subjects’ expectancies of success were manipulated by having them attempt to solve either easy or insolvable practice items and having them read normative statements detailing the performance of others on the test. Upon completing the tests, subjects attributed their performance outcomes (pass or fail) to the causal factors of ability, effort, luck, and task difficulty. The data revealed that grade school students who passed had higher measures on the four factors than grade school students who failed. College students who passed had higher effort and lower ability attributions than college students who failed. There were, also, interaction effects between pretest manipulations and outcome on college students’ attributions to effort and luck. Due to confounding variables, however, the results were not clearly interpretable.
Teaching Three-Dimensional Form
Authors:   , Teeters Albert
Published: February 2023

This study was made in a search to determine adequate methods of teaching three-dimensional form. Until recently, the methods of teaching three-dimensional form have been dominated by a philosophy which has suppressed creativeness, therefore the general public is uninformed and indifferent to significant art form. In too many instances ineffective methods of teaching are still in practice. Many of the books and magazine articles printed today are merely restating ideas and procedures t hat were of little value when first stated. The authors seldom suggest ways for the individual to grow creatively. Readers of these articles and books are influenced to turn out projects that have been handed out without regard for the individual's creative potential. Creative expression is not encouraged at all when the answers are worked out for all to follow. The individual is significant in this study because art is more of an individual problem than a collective problem.
Reflections on My Art
Authors:   , Stramel Stephen
Published: February 2023

My art is in part an attempt to go beyond what I consciously know to deal with an overall metaphor of the Universe as I feel it. I reject a completely rational approach when involved with the creative act as logic results only in what is known. My art deals with the unknown. My primary tool is intuition. Technique I consider necessary but hardly an end in itself. There is technique in art but technique does not imply art. Basically, I use whatever materials are financially accessible. If nothing else, my formal training period has demonstrated that there is for me a chance of doing something worth doing in art. The risks are extremely great but so are the possibilities.
Status of Bats in the Gypsum Hills of South-Central Kansas
Authors:   , Adams Steven
Published: February 2023

I studied bats in the Gypsum Hills of south-central Kansas in an attempt to evaluate their status. I gave special attention to the pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) and Townsend’s big-eared bat (Plecotus townsendii), both of which are listed by the Kansas Department of Wildlife Parks as “nongame species in need of conservation” (SINC). Barber and Comanche counties in Kansas were the primary study areas, but I also investigated bats at one locality in Kiowa County, Kansas, and two in Woods County, Oklahoma. I observed bats in numerous caves and sinkholes throughout the Gypsum Hills, and searched barns and other man-made structures to locate colonies. I kept detailed records on numbers of bats at different sites and I compared my data with those from all previous studies in the same region. After reviewing data from this and previous studies, I concluded that both SINC species are declining in numbers. Accordingly, I recommend that a plan for conservation of those species be developed.
Achievement in Physical Science in Relation To The Type of High School Attended
Authors:   , Stremel Joseph
Published: February 2023

Certain standards set up oy the State Board of Education upon the recommendation of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction must be met by a class “ A” , “ B “ or \ C\ school. Administrators in class \A\ and \B\ high schools are required to hold a Kansas administrator's certificate, and this requirement must also be met by all administrators in class \C\ schools by September 1 , 1952. At the present time, teachers in class “ A” schools must have at least fifteen semester hours of preparation in a teaching field , in class \B\ schools at least twelve hours , and in class \C\ schools at least eight hours. The general public and many educators seemingly are of the opinion that student achievement is scholastically better in a class \A\ high school than in a class \B\ high school, and in a class \B\ high school better than in a class \C'' high school. A knowledge of the standards for classifying high schools by the State of Kansas leads the reader to a like conclusion. Actually, does any real difference of achievement exist among these three classes of high schools in Kansas? In particular , is there a significant difference of achievement in physical science among our Kansas secondary school graduates according to the t:ype of school attended? In order to answer this second question the writer undertook to find the differences, if any , in achievement of students in class \A\, \B\ and \C\ high schools in the state of Kansas , as measured by the attainment of students who took a physical science entrance examination at the Fort Hays Kansas State College at Hays, Kansas. As a corollary to the main problem just stated, attention was also given relative to physical science courses taken in high school by the students included in this study.
African American Activists : The Pioneer Politicians of Nicodemus, Kansas, 1877-1880
Authors:   , Hinger Charlotte
Published: February 2023

This thesis correlates the major issues discussed in the 1880 Senate Report #693 (the Voorhees Committee), an investigation into “The Causes of the Removal of the Negro from the Southern States to the Northern States” with the extraordinary effectiveness of black politicians in Nicodemus, Kansas . For the first time in United States history, enough African Americans had gathered in a locale--Graham County, Kansas--to affect issues of crucial ideological and financial importance to the surrounding whites. The 1700 pages of testimony presented by the Voorhees Committee Report illustrated the complexity of post-Reconstruction racial tensions on a national level while Nicodemus depicted a microcosm of blacks' attempts to form beneficial alliances with whites on a local level. This study, based on the Voorhees Committee testimony and an analysis of political activity in Graham County as reported by Kansas newspapers, argues that the testimony heard by the Voorhees Committee was a harbinger of national African American activism. Simultaneously, blacks in Nicodemus proved they could predominate over whites regarding issues indigenous to the settlement of the West.
Short term memory decay in children and adults
Authors:   , Rai Manpreet
Published: February 2023

The Brown-Peterson task (Brown. 1958: Peterson& Peterson. 1959) is a widely used procedure to test short term memory decay. The Brown-Peterson task presents participants with items to be recalled with short periods of distraction between the stimuli presentation and recall. The memory decay curves found by this procedure are quite well replicated to the present day. Numerous studies have used the Brown-Peterson task to test the short term memory of adults, but little work has been done with children. This paper reviews some of the theoretical back ground on short term memory and forgetting, the use of the Brown-Peterson task on adults in clinical settings, and an extension of short term memory theory to children. The Brown-Peterson task can be used as a method to learn more about children's short-term memory. It was predicted that younger children should show a steeper (decreasing faster) decay curve than adults. Mixed-factorial analysis of variance tests showed a main effect of time, group, and interaction of time and group, and that younger children did indeed have a steeper decay curve than adults. However, when children were told to subvocally rehearse the items to be recalled, their results were virtually the same as for adults. This suggests that children have the same memory capabilities as children but they just do not realize the complexity of those capabilities.
The Relationship of Natures Visual Harmony Through Serigraphy
Authors:   , Robertson David
Published: February 2023

The differing moods and qualities possessed by the Midwest have provided the sensations for a personal expression of the region and its’ landscape. The works draw together the images of physical reality and the spiritual qualities of the order of nature. The images of physical reality have come from photographs of the area with the feelings of order represented by the horizontal bands of shapes.
Biotic Regions of Kansas: Mammals and the Environment
Authors:   , McCullough Julie
Published: February 2023

Ecologic and biogeographic techniques were used to evaluate biogeographic patterns of mammals in Kansas. Environmental variables, natural vegetation types, and mammalian distributions were subjected to a detrended reciprocal analysis (DRA) and a cluster analysis (CLUST) to assess distributional trends within the state. Objectives of this study were: 1) to investigate the relationships between distribution patterns of mammals and environmental patterns; 2) to investigate the relationships between distribution patterns of mammals and distribution patterns of natural vegetation; 3) to investigate the relationships between natural vegetation and environmental patterns; 4) to assess the degree to which distribution patterns of mammals and natural vegetation correspond with the faunal regions of Brumwell (1941) and Cockrum (1952); and 5) to assess the degree to which changes in distribution patterns of mammals and vegetation occur along the 100th meridian. Results suggest that Kansas has three distinct distributional regions: eastern Kansas to the western edge of the Flint Hills, western Kansas to approximately the 100th meridian, and central Kansas.
Perceptions Of Intimate Partner Violence Among Heterosexual, Gay, And Lesbian Couples
Authors:   , Staab Shelby
Published: February 2023

The current study examined the perceptions of intimate partner violence. Data were gathered from Fort Hays State University undergraduate participants enrolled on campus and virtually. Participants were assigned to a four-level independent variable (scenario type). Participants were grouped according to their career goal, a two-level independent variable (helping profession and non-helping profession). This study suggests there are differences in perceptions among participants with differing career goals as they pertain to myth acceptance of IPV and homosexuality, and the type of punishment needed for aggressors of IPV. Helping professionals endorsed lower myth acceptance of IPV. There was no significant effect of scenario type. However, a significant difference was found between the FTF and FTM scenario type. No interaction existed between scenario type and myth acceptance of IPV. Helping professionals endorsed lower myth acceptance of homosexuality. There was no significant effect of scenario type and no interaction existed between scenario type and career goal. A significant relationship between career goal and perceptions of punishment for aggressors was found, suggesting participants with helping profession career goals are more likely to endorse higher levels of punishment for aggressors. A significant relationship between career goal and perceptions of severity was not found, suggesting perceptions of severity are fairly consistent among career goals. Limitations and future research are also discussed.
Process
Authors:   , Flask Dominic
Published: February 2023

Flexible, Versatile, Curious, Experienced, Informed, Explorative. These things, and many others, describe an effective, efficient and skilled designer. I try to be all of them. My design studies have been focused in three main areas: exploration, education and communication. The creative process is not a singular process, but rather a conglomeration of many varied processes. Some processes are not applicable to every design problem, but some are.
Systematics of the Fossil Equidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla), Minimum Quarry, Graham County, Kansas
Authors:   , Darnell Michelle
Published: February 2023

Fossilized unassociated teeth and post-cranial elements of three species of tridactyl, grazing equid, Calippus (Calippus) sp., Protohippus gidleyi, and Neohipparion eurystyle, were recovered from the Minium Quarry local biota in Graham County in northwestern Kansas. The quarry is located in sheet flood sediments of the late Miocene Ash Hollow Formation of the Ogallala Group and is eight to nine million years old. A diverse biota, dominated by grasses and large herbivores and indicative of the late Early Hemphilian, was recovered from the quarry. Teeth of Calippus (C.) sp. And P. gidleyi were distinguished from those of N. eurystyle by the connected protocone in the two former taxa and the isolated protocone in the latter. Teeth of C. (C.) sp. were differentiated form those of P. gidleyi by their smaller size and absence of the pli caballing. Average size of the C.(C.) sp. Lower teeth was 19.9 mm anterior-posterior length and 10.0 mm transverse width, whereas the at of P. gidleyi was 23.2 mm anterior-posterior length and 20.8 mm transverse width in the uppers, and 22.3 mm anterior-posterior length and 9.5 mm transverse width in the lowers. Teeth of P. gidleyi, however, have a single pli caballin on the third and fourth premolars and reduced anterostyle on the second premolars. In addition to the isolated protocone, teeth of N. eurystyle were identified based on expanded and constricted styles, a hypoconal groove extending to the base of the crown, more complex plications, and large, elongated metaconids and metastylids. Meapodials and tibiae were found to be diagnostic in each genus. Calippus metapodials and the tibia were distinguished form those of the other two taxa based on small size (metapodials length of 209.0 mm versus 241.0 mm in P. gidleyi and 220.5 mm and 278.0 mm in N. eurystyle, tibia length of 192.0 mm versus 238.0 mm in P. gidleyi and = 240.0-245.0 mm in . eurystyle). Protohippus metapodials exhibit shorter, incomplete scars for the interosseous metapodial ligaments and a shallow posterior gully, whereas Neohipparion metapodials have complete scars for the interosseous metapodial ligaments and a deeper posterior gully. Protohippus tibiae have a deep, well-developed groove for the flexor digitalis longus tendon that has distinct boundaries and extends some way up the shaft, whereas Neohipparion tibiae have a shallow and short groove with indistinguishable borders.
An Analysis of the Relations Between Personality Traits, Anxiety Sensitivity, and Screening
Authors:   , Bieker Brandie
Published: February 2023

The present study will examine the relations between aspects of personality, as measured by the NEO-PI-R and the personality characteristics measured by the Trait Arousability Scale and the Anxiety Sensitivity Index.
Behavior Problem Interventions: Effects of Socio-Economic Status, Gender, and Type of Intervention on Teacher Acceptability Ratings
Authors:   , Wilson Joan
Published: February 2023

The present study investigated teachers' ratings of acceptability as a function of student gender, socio-economic status, and intervention type. Using the Intervention Rating Profile (IRP) and case studies to manipulate the variables of interest, it was established that teachers tend to rate positive interventions as more acceptable than reductive. When intervention was paired with SES, an analysis of variance indicated a significant interaction, with teachers rating positive interventions as more acceptable for middle- income students and reductive interventions as more acceptable for low-income students. Post hoc comparisons supported the initial analysis. Student gender, as well as grade level taught, and years of teaching experience, did not significantly affect treatment acceptability. These findings are discussed with respect to past acceptability research and implications for future research and practice.
Looking Askance
Authors:   , Becker Lee
Published: February 2023

A collection of etching, mixed media, and lithograph works of art.
Creating a Spring Season of Theatre: A Project in Production and Management
Authors:   , Philip Sheilah
Published: February 2023

Although the amount of theatre being performed in Hays, Kansas in 1978 had been relatively limited in comparison with some other cities, the good attendance at University theatre productions and at performances by touring companies and occasional community theatre productions indicated that a regular theatre program should be organized in Hays. A special effort was made in that direction by the author in conjunction with the Hays Arts Council (HAC), who loaned their theatre facility and allotted $200.00 from their Drama Fund to help with the project. After taking into consideration the size of the theatre, the amount of money allotted, the people available to help, and the audience's tastes, a season was planned wherein three shows would be performed at the Arts Center with the author handling duties concerned with production and management. The productions were: Mimeline, a mime company from the University which performed both improvisational and rehearsed pieces, Basement Noise, a variety show which used local talent, and Sorry, Wrong Number , a one-act thriller performed by the Shortgrass Players community theatre group. Each production was performed twice. Total seating capacity was one hundred for the first show and one hundred twenty for each of the last two. For each production, the author handled publicity, planned for the serving of food, helped to secure properties, furniture, set pieces, etc. for each director, acted as house manager at every performance, and helped with strike and clean-up . She also saw to it that the director of the HAC had the information needed for printing the programs. Evaluation was based on several things. A questionnaire handed out at the performances of Mimeline, as well as comments from audience members to the author and to Mrs. Heil, indicated a very favorable response and the hope that such productions would continue. Also, the attendance was good for each of the three productions: one hundred-six attended Mimeline, seventy-six saw Basement Noise, and ninety-seven attended Sorry, Wrong Number. A total profit of $296.45 was made for the HAC Drama Fund. The author drew several conclusions and made suggestions and recommendations at the end of the season which applied both to the HAC and to other communities wishing to build a strong theatre program. These included the possibility of a small community theatre paying someone to perform the duties of a general manager who could efficiently handle matters of business and community relations, investing pro fits not only to produce more shows, but to improve the theatre facility, implementing a patron program, and continuing to search for variety in productions.