bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near-field mapping of complex-valued wavevectors of in-plane hyperbolic phonon polaritons in
α
-MoO3
Authors: Yuan Zhu , Meng Yunji , Ma Weiliang , Chen Runkun , Wang Tao , Li Peining
Published: March 2022

Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) in α-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) have recently attracted significant attention. They propagate anisotropically along the flake of α-MoO3 and show anomalously concave wavefronts when being excited by a pointlike source. Such anisotropic propagation is governed by the anisotropic wavevectors of HPhPs, which have been studied in different works. However, extracting the complex-valued wavevectors of all HPhP modes directly from the observed anomalous wavefront remains elusive. Here, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the complex-valued HPhP wavevectors can be accurately quantified by fitting the concave wavefront profiles with a modified damped sine-wave function in all allowed directions. To that end, HPhPs are launched by an infrared antenna on a thin flake of α-MoO3 and are imaged in real space by using scanning near-field optical microscope. From the recorded concave wavefronts of HPhPs, we have experimentally retraced both the real part and the imaginary part of polariton wavevectors along different propagation directions. Our results are of fundamental importance for analyzing the optical properties of HPhPs in α-MoO3, which can also be generic to other anisotropic optical/polaritonic systems.
Conduction mechanisms of ferroelectric La:HfO2 ultrathin films
Authors: Xu Zhiyu , Lu Lingzhi , Xu Jibo , Zheng Weijie , Yu Yahui , Ding Chunyan , Wang Shirui , Chen Feng , Tang Mingyang , Lu Chaojing , Wen Zheng
Published: March 2022

Recently, ion-doped HfO2 thin films are highly desirable for the next-generation nonvolatile memories due to excellent compatibility with current complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processes and robust ferroelectricity persisted down to the nanoscale. In this work, we study conduction mechanisms of 4 and 8 nm-thick La:HfO2 ultrathin films sandwiched between Pt and (La0.67,Sr0.33)MnO3 (LSMO) electrodes based on band alignments of the Pt/La:HfO2/LSMO, measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-dependent current-voltage curves from 50 to 300 K. In a 4 nm-thick La:HfO2 thin-film capacitor, the conduction mechanism is found to be governed by direct tunneling at 50–100 K and phonon-assisted indirect tunneling when the temperature is further increased to 300 K in which the (LaHf4+3+)′ acceptors are served as localized states, facilitating hole hopping through the La:HfO2 barrier. When the thickness is increased to 8 nm, the tunneling through a La:HfO2 layer is suppressed, and the current-voltage character becomes rectifying, which is regulated by the dominated La:HfO2/LSMO interfacial barrier. The transport for a forward bias of the La:HfO2/LSMO barrier is found to be governed by thermionic-field emission, exhibiting a temperature-independent build-in potential of ∼2.77 V. For the reverse bias, the Fowler–Nordheim tunneling is observed. The revealing of conduction mechanisms in terms of band alignments sheds light on leakage problems and facilitates the design of HfO2-based ferroelectric devices with excellent insulating character for high-performance memory applications.
Local environment of iodine dissolved as iodate in high-pressure aluminoborosilicate glasses: A I K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopic study
Authors: Morizet Yann , Trcera Nicolas , Suzuki-Muresan Tomo , Soudani Sami , Fonda Emiliano , Paris Michael
Published: March 2022

The use of high-pressure synthesis conditions to produce I-bearing aluminoborosilicate represents a promising issue for the immobilization of 129I radioisotope. Furthermore, iodine appears to be more solubilized in glasses under its iodate (I5+) form rather than its iodide (I−) form. Currently, the local atomic environment for iodine is poorly constrained for I− and virtually unknown for I5+ or I7+. We used I K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy conducted at 20 K for determining the local atomic environment of iodine dissolved as I−, I5+, and I7+ in a series of aluminoborosilicate glasses. We determined that I− is surrounded by either Na+ or Ca2+ in agreement with previous studies. The signal collected from EXAFS reveals that I5+ is surrounded invariably by three oxygen atoms forming an IO3− cluster charge compensated by Na+ and/or Ca2+. The I–O distance in iodate dissolved in glass is comparable to the I–O distance in crystalline compounds at ∼1.8 Å. The distance to the second nearest neighbor (Na+ or Ca2+) is also constant at ∼3.2 Å. This derived distance is identical to the distance between I− and Na+ or Ca2+ in the case of iodide local environment. For one sample containing iodate and periodate, the distinction between the local environment of I5+ and I7+ could not be made, suggesting that both environments have comparable EXAFS signals.
Origin independent current density vector fields induced by time-dependent magnetic field. I. The LiH molecule
Authors: Summa Francesco Ferdinando , Monaco Guglielmo , Zanasi Riccardo , Lazzeretti Paolo
Published: March 2022

The electronic current density, induced in a molecule by the optical magnetic field associated with a frequency-dependent monochromatic plane wave, assumed to be spatially uniform within the electric quadrupole approximation, has been studied by using a theoretical method based on a continuous translation of its origin. The induced electronic current density vector field designated by this procedure, invariant of the origin for any point of the molecular domain, is obtained via a computational scheme, formally annihilating the diamagnetic contribution of the conventional common-origin approach based on perturbation theory. In a preliminary application of the theoretical methods outlined in the present work, the simple molecule of lithium hydride has been investigated. Particular attention has been paid to the structure of induced electronic current density for several values of the magnetic field frequency by investigating equilibrium points of four different types, organized in stagnation lines, which constitute its stagnation graph, i.e., a topological fingerprint of the vector field conveying complete information in the condensed form, to verify the fulfillment of fundamental requirements, e.g., the continuity equation and the Poincaré–Hopf theorem on spherical and toroidal surfaces.
Optimal deep brain stimulation sites and networks for cervical vs. generalized dystonia
Authors: Horn Andreas , Reich Martin M. , Ewert Siobhan , Li Ningfei , Al-Fatly Bassam , Lange Florian , Roothans Jonas , Oxenford Simon , Horn Isabel , Paschen Steffen , Runge Joachim , Wodarg Fritz , Witt Karsten , Nickl Robert C. , Wittstock Matthias , Schneider Gerd-Helge , Mahlknecht Philipp , Poewe Werner , Eisner Wilhelm , Helmers Ann-Kristin , Matthies Cordula , Krauss Joachim K. , Deuschl Günther , Volkmann Jens , Kühn Andrea A.
Published: March 2022

Significance

We studied deep brain stimulation effects in two types of dystonia and conclude that different specific connections between the pallidum and thalamus are responsible for optimal treatment effects. Since alternative treatment options for dystonia beyond deep brain stimulation are scarce, our results will be crucial to maximize treatment outcome in this population of patients.
50S subunit recognition and modification by the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
ribosomal RNA methyltransferase TlyA
Authors: Laughlin Zane T. , Nandi Suparno , Dey Debayan , Zelinskaya Natalia , Witek Marta A. , Srinivas Pooja , Nguyen Ha An , Kuiper Emily G. , Comstock Lindsay R. , Dunham Christine M. , Conn Graeme L.
Published: March 2022

Significance

The bacterial ribosome is an important target for antibiotics used to treat infection. However, resistance to these essential drugs can arise through changes in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) modification patterns through the action of intrinsic or acquired rRNA methyltransferase enzymes. How these antibiotic resistance-associated enzymes recognize their ribosomal targets for site-specific modification is currently not well defined. Here, we uncover the molecular basis for large ribosomal (50S) subunit substrate recognition and modification by the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
methyltransferase TlyA, necessary for optimal activity of the antitubercular drug capreomycin. From this work, recognition of complex rRNA structures distant from the site of modification and “flipping” of the target nucleotide base both emerge as general themes in ribosome recognition for bacterial rRNA modifying enzymes.
Does interpreter location make a difference?
Authors: Hale Sandra , Goodman-Delahunty Jane , Martschuk Natalie , Lim Julie
Published: March 2022

Remote interpreting has traditionally been the less preferred option when compared to face-to-face interpreting. But the recent pandemic has shifted the landscape, making remote interpreting the default in many, if not most, settings. Improved videoconferencing technologies have facilitated this transition. The main question is whether remote interpreting has any impact on interpreter performance, including interpreting accuracy. This article presents the results of an experimental study that compared the performance of 103 qualified interpreters in three language combinations (English + Arabic, Mandarin and Spanish) in three conditions (face-to-face vs video remote vs audio remote interpreting) in the context of simulated police interviews. The interpreters’ preferences and perceptions were elicited and analysed, and their performance assessed by independent trained raters using detailed marking criteria. The results showed no significant differences between face-to-face and video interpreting, but significant decrements in audio remote interpreting performance. More than one-third of the interpreters perceived remote interpreting as being more difficult due to technological challenges. No differences emerged between the language groups on any measure.
Synthesis of transition metal dichalcogenide van der Waals heterostructures through chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Ren Yizhang , Zhang Ling , Zhu Xukun , Li Huimin , Dong Qizhi , Liu Song
Published: March 2022

Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures show great potential in the exploration of novel physical phenomena and practical applications. Compared to the traditional mechanical stacking techniques, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method exhibits more advantages in preparing TMD vdW heterostructures. CVD enables the large-scale production of high-quality materials with clean interfaces in the future. Herein, CVD methods for the synthesis of TMD vdW heterostructures are summarized. These methods are categorized in two major strategies, multi-step process and one-step process. The effects of various factors are demonstrated, including the temperature, nucleation, and precursors. Finally, the remaining challenges are discussed.
Alternative electronic density of states model for metastable crystalline phase of Ge2Sb2Te5
Authors: Nagendra Arun , Trombley Jeremy , Chan Erwin H W
Published: March 2022

Motivated by future data storage requirements, Ge2Sb2Te5 is studied for application in phase-change random access memory. The currently accepted density of states (DOS) models for the cubic crystalline phase, based on first-principles calculations, are reviewed. An alternative DOS model, which incorporates band tails and an antimony vacancy multivalent defect, is proposed. Solar cell capacitance simulation results reveal that the alternative model is successful in predicting a free hole concentration and Fermi level position consistent with previous Hall effect and thermopower measurements respectively. The conduction band tail, which has not previously been incorporated within the DOS model of the crystalline phase, is shown to contribute to this success.
Genuine hidden nonlocality without entanglement: from the perspective of local discrimination
Authors: Li Mao-Sheng , Zheng Zhu-Jun
Published: March 2022

Quantum nonlocality without entanglement is a fantastic phenomenon in quantum theory. This kind of quantum nonlocality is based on the task of local discrimination of quantum states. Recently, Bandyopadhyay and Halder (2021 Phys. Rev. A 104 L050201) studied the problem: is there any set of orthogonal states which can be locally distinguishable, but under some orthogonality preserving local measurement, each outcome will lead to a locally indistinguishable set. The set with such property is called to have hidden nonlocality. Moreover, if such phenomenon can not arise from discarding subsystems which is termed as local irredundancy, we call it genuine hidden nonlocality. There, they presented several sets of entangled states with genuine hidden nonlocality. However, they doubted the existence of a set without entanglement but with genuine hidden nonlocality. In this paper, we eliminate this doubt by constructing a series of sets without entanglement but whose nonlocality can be genuinely activated. We derive a method to tackle with the local irredundancy problem which is a key tricky for the systems whose local dimensions are composite numbers. Unexpectedly, the constructions of genuine hidden nonlocal sets without entanglement seems to be easier than that with entanglement. Therefore, from this perspective, this kind of nonlocality is rather different from the Bell nonlocality.
Role of neutrino form factors in the energy loss rates of the pair annihilation process
Authors: Aydın C.
Published: March 2022

The stellar energy loss rates due to the production of neutrino pairs

are calculated using the minimal extension of the Standard Model with the electromagnetic properties of the Dirac neutrinos, which takes the contributions of the neutrino charge radius, anapole moment, and dipole moments into account. We show that the contribution of the electron neutrino's dipole moment is small compared with that of the charge radius. The obtained results are also compared with the results obtained using the Standard Model.
Quasi-periodic Oscillation Analysis for the BL Lacertae Object 1823+568
Authors: Li Huai-Zhen , Gao Quan-Gui , Qin Long-Hua , Yi Ting-Feng , Chen Qi-Rui
Published: March 2022

We studied the optical band periodic variability of 1823+568 using the Jurkevich method, the Lomb–Scargle periodogram and the REDFIT38 software, and found evidence of quasi-periodic oscillation. An unprecedented variability with period

P
=

283

−
13

+
17

days was identified by three different analysis methods. This quasi-periodic variability most likely results from nonballistic helical jet motion driven by the orbital motion in a binary black hole system. Considering the light-travel time effect, the real physical period is P

d
= 67.1 yr. Moreover, we estimated that the primary black hole mass is M ≃ 1.92 × 109
M
⊙ to 3.43 × 109
M
⊙.
Studies on the influence of FFF parameters on the tensile properties of samples made of ABS
Authors: Portoaca A , Nae I , Zisopol D G , Ramadan I
Published: March 2022

FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) prototyping method is mostly used in the fabrication of 3D complex geometric shapes. Layer by layer deposition technology offers a wide range of shapes for plastic parts. The mechanical characteristics of the manufactured parts depends on the plastic material used and the FFF printing parameters. The studies conducted in this paper show the influence of the FFF parameters on the tensile properties of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene). The results indicate a considerable effect of infill percentage on tensile properties.
Considerations on implementing Industry 4.0 in a manufacturing process
Authors: Udvuleanu G , Nicolae V
Published: March 2022

An industrial manufacturing company must adapt to the market all the time. If not, there is a high risk of losing money and the business can fail (for example in 2020, due to COVID 19 situation, more than 40% of businesses have temporary close their business and 60% of them have remained permanently closed). Wouldn’t be wonderful if the manufacturing process can be flexible and adapted in function of the customer demand? Industry 4.0 does that – in the function of orders, software can tell us with how many people or machines can work, what will be the rooting/flow, how much energy is needed for that manufacturing process, etc. and most important – when the goods will be on the market. Industry 4.0 is playing a role more and more important in all the fields, as everybody is looking for performance and efficiency. This article is showing a study on an assembly line for the gear shifter of a manual gearbox. People might be taking wrong decisions when there is a tight situation regarding breakdowns or capacity crisis, but a good system in place can guide the humans to apply the best solution to avoid losses and increase productivity. In this article you will find an example of how Industry 4.0 can influence an assembly line, for a simple product, by increasing the productivity at 133% versus a traditional line who lost 40% in productivity due to a machinery breakdown.
Analysis of specific cutting energy in laser fusion cutting of an aluminium alloy
Authors: Madić M , Coteaţă M , Janković P , Trifunović M
Published: March 2022

Laser cutting is a non-contact, non-conventional method for contour cutting which is characterized by several process performances. The present paper aims to analyze the specific cutting energy in CO2 laser cutting of an aluminium alloy using nitrogen as an assist gas. An experimental investigation, based on the use of central composite design, was conducted to define mathematical models for the prediction of the kerf width, surface roughness, and specific cutting energy. Thus, an analysis of the effects of the laser power, cutting speed, and nitrogen pressure on the specific cutting energy is enabled. Moreover, the analysis of experimental data included the correlation between the specific cutting energy and surface roughness. Pareto optimization, considering specific cutting energy and surface roughness, was conducted to propose alternative laser cutting conditions concerning conflicting criteria.
Influence of cutting parameters on surface topography in high-speed milling of slots in titanium alloy TC4
Authors: Kurpiel S , Krupa J , Zagórski K , Cieślik J
Published: March 2022

This paper summarizes the experimental investigation of influence of process parameters on surface quality and dimensional accuracy of slots milled in titanium alloy TC4. Samples were milled using a 10 mm HXT coated monolith end mill for HSM milling of superalloys and titanium alloys. Process parameters, such as rotational speed, feed rate, and depth of cut were selected based on the Taguchi L9 method. After machining samples were measured, including surface quality parameters such as roughness, waviness and dimensional deviations. Measurement results indicate that within inspected parameter range rotational speed to feed ratio has a greater influence on surface quality than the depth of cut while having less influence on dimensional accuracy.
Influence of the processing conditions of 6061 aluminium alloy thick plates on the distortion of the machined finished parts
Authors: Stoicănescu M , Petre M , Popa G , Drăghici N C
Published: March 2022

The distortion in machining aluminium alloy parts is one of the serious challenges for the aluminium industry, and the residual stresses resulting in the processing steps are the main cause. Two 6061 aluminium alloy samples of parts, representing the same part with a special configuration, in two different stages of machining, were analysed to establish the influence of the processing conditions that can determine the changes in characteristics in the final machining process. Metallographic analysis, porosity determinations by the liquid penetrant inspection, tensile tests and determination of residual stresses by the Hole-Drilling method were performed. All the results obtained were correlated with the processing conditions of aluminium alloy plates. They indicated the role of the processing conditions on the residual stresses and distortion in the machined finished aluminium alloys parts.
Research of the dependence of geometric parameters of holes on electroerosive grinding modes with a changing polarity of electrodes
Authors: Strelchuk R , Shelkovyi O , Gutsalenko Y , Iancu C , Subbotina V , Knyazev S , Volkov O
Published: March 2022

In this paper are presented the results of electrical discharge diamond grinding with with difference polarities for processing various materials and calculates geometric parameters of erosion holes. The purpose of the study is to determine the volume of holes during electrical discharge diamond grinding using the mathematical method of planning experiments. The experimental plans is a combination of statistical theory and mathematical model, which is very useful in the modelling and analysing the technical problems. As a result of experimental studies, a mathematical model of the volume of holes from electrical modes of the process of electrical discharge diamond grinding was built. The mathematical formula of geometric parameters of holes obtained can be used to determine the volume of holes for different electrical quantities of discharge diamond grinding. It is found that the most significant factors that affect the geometric parameters of holes are the voltage of the igniting pulse and the pulse duration. The dependence of electrical parameters on the hybrid grinding process is investigated. There is a certain volume of holes, at which the discharge acts most efficiently, and the process performance is the most optimal. During the operation of the pulse generator, it is preferable to maintain a certain value of geometric parameters of holes, which results in an unhindered release of metal, since the effect of electrical erosion increases.
Influence of the cutting parameters on the flank surface roughness at thread whirling of low carbon steel worm shafts
Authors: Creţu G , Negoescu F
Published: March 2022

Thread whirling is a machining process applied mainly for its high material removal rate, ensuring the thread cutting in one single machining pass. The process presents other advantages as continuous and accurate machining, by tilting the whirling ring to the helix angle, machining long threads of deep thread parts as worm shafts, feed screws, etc. This paper presents experimental research results on the whirling process, respectively the influence of the cutting parameters specific to the whirling process on the roughness of the flank surface, in the case of worm shafts made of low carbon steel. The empirical mathematical models were obtained and discussed.
Study of filtering capacity of some ceramic composites on bentonite base
Authors: Butuc (Anghel) S , Matei S , Stoicanescu M , Crisan A
Published: March 2022

The paper presents the results of a study of the filtering capacity of some filters from ceramic composite materials made on laboratory installation. The filtration process involved applying a pressure gradient to the filter by means of a centrifugal pump from the filter installation. The ceramic composite materials used to make the filters have a bentonite-based matrix. To achieve the porous structure, the matrix was reinforced with SiC and Al2O3 ceramic powders and to control the pore size, additional Al metal particles were added. The stages of obtaining and characterizing the filters, respectively of testing their filtering capacity of the suspended particles from the rainwater are presented distinctly. In conclusion, the dependencies between a series of structural and geometric characteristics of the filtering capacity were established.
Concept development of an independent electronic system for vibroacoustic diagnostics of vehicles
Authors: Nitu N A , Caunii V , Bujoreanu C
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes the concept of electronic noise and vibration diagnostic system for vehicles that aims to avoid wrong or unreasonable replacement of their components in the repair process. Our concept for a vibroacoustic diagnostic system consists of a set of sensors that receive noise and vibration, judiciously arranged and connected to a DAQ (Data Acquisition System). This allows the ECU (Electronic Control Unit) to accurately determine, by three-dimensional detection, the area in which vibroacoustic anomalies are manifesting (due to current or incipient defects). The data storage memory works according to the first in - first out principle, retaining only significant information to save resources. Establishing a mathematical model is one of the focuses for this concept for predicting the failure of various components of the vehicle based on vibroacoustic and then developing an artificial intelligence program capable of identifying and classifying new behaviours are the steps which we follow in the development of this tool. Also, the benefits of early detection of a subassembly failure are found in increasing traffic safety.
Frequency optimization of nozzle guide vane in the low-pressure turbine system
Authors: Robak R , Szczepanik M , Rulik S
Published: March 2022

The aim of the article is to present the approach for modal optimisation of nozzle guide vane in the low-pressure turbine system of aircraft engine. Described analysis assumption related to the finite element model definition, meta-model estimation and optimisation process itself. Goal function has been determined basing on Campbell diagram. Typical approach to solve modal analysis for mentioned structure is full three-dimensional model that is time consuming. For optimisation purposes employed two dimensional one in order to make the process more robust (element types with support of Fourier series). This approach is reducing degree of freedom quantity and is still capable to consider non-axisymmetric structure behaviour. The article provides relationship between geometrical features of nozzle and frequency change.
Power planetary precessional transmission research regarding acoustical behaviour
Authors: Malcoci Iu , Trifan N , Ciobanu O , Ciobanu R
Published: March 2022

In planetary precessional reducers vibration can appear at bearings, gears, misaligned shafts, unbalanced rotors, couplings. Changes in dynamic process affects not only normal behaviours of mechanical systems but also acoustical behaviour. Regarding this aspects, regular acoustical measurements during the operating speed provide information about any necessary repairs or maintenance. Here vibration research was made by using Bruek&Kjaer Sound Level Meter 2250 Light to record Noise Rating for evaluation of global noise in dB according to ISO TC-43.
Increasing energy efficiency of counter-rotating wind turbines by experimental modelling
Authors: Cîrciumaru G , Chihaia R-A , Tănase N , El-Leathey L-A , Voina A
Published: March 2022

With the significant advance in exploiting wind energy, there has been a shift in research from the study of conventional systems to the study of counter-rotating systems due to additional energy input of the second rotor. The paper presents the results of the research on achieving an increase in the energy efficiency of counter-rotating wind power conversion systems. For this purpose, there have been designed different sizes of wind rotors, were 3D printed and tested in an open-circuit aerodynamic tunnel for different wind velocities and axial distances between rotors. The constructive design consisting of a smaller diameter front rotor and a larger rear rotor was chosen. The individual wind rotors were used to configure two experimental models of counter-rotating wind systems. The testing results analysis and interpretation enabled the establishing of the design and operating conditions that provide the highest power extracted from wind at 10 m/s velocity. A higher efficiency of the wind turbine system is achieved for a lower ratio between the front and rear turbines. In the case of the analysed experimental models, an increase in system efficiency of 49.14% is achieved for a 0.845 diameter ratio, and of 39.02% for 0.945 diameter ratio, respectively.
A study of effect the supporting space and tool path in sheet forming, thickness evaluation, part D
Authors: Abass K I
Published: March 2022

The main purpose of any sheet metal forming process is producing a product with high accuracy of the dimensions in three areas (planes). Incremental Forming (IF) is a process of redistributing the areas. Thickness is the main value and is an indicator of the complexity of the forming ability in depth. It is also an indicator value of the area that represents the product section. IF includes general plastic deformation, thus the explanation of the process by nonlinear boundary condition settings is more difficult. Especially when considering the interaction between surfaces and the frictional properties. The study involved six series that investigate the supporting space, the die radius and the forming tool path. The research presents the main results of a study for evaluating the thickness distributions and the thinning along the axisymmetric product section. The incremental forming has been considered under certain boundary conditions by reference to the ANSYS application. The study shows that the model of the simulation can expect the process track and predict the product profile and its thickness distribution. Additionally, the present paper illustrates the behavior of the forming tool during direct and indirect contact for evaluating the accuracy of IF product.
Study of roller-shoe contact during high-pressure injection pump normal operation
Authors: Iordache R C , Petrea N D , Bujoreanu C
Published: March 2022

Roller-shoe mechanism is very often used in diesel high pressure pumps. The most encountered issues are caused by this mechanism components which are in direct contact. Lubrication, roughness, elements dimensions and profiles, coatings, working conditions can be adjusted so that the issues are reduced. Our paper aims to identify the most critical factors which influence the roller-shoe mechanism and to calculate the contact parameters during normal engine operation. The loads applied on the components are the key factors which contribute to all parameters calculation that ensure the contact optimization. The components clearance, friction coefficients, medium contact pressure, minimum lubricant film, equilibrium temperature are some of important parameters which are the basis of a correct functioning. Analysing the obtained results, it can be observed that the lubricant film thickness can be adjusted to establish a minimum safely drive shaft rotation. Considering these results new improvements methods will be analysed for roller-shoe contact development.
Industry 4.0: challenges and opportunities in packaging logistics
Authors: Bányai Á
Published: March 2022

The fourth industrial revolution opened new opportunities for the development of industrial processes, as it created the opportunity for companies to transform their conventional systems into cyber-physical systems to meet the increasingly dynamic and diversified customers’ demands. Although the primary goal of the development of these cyber-physical systems is to improve the efficiency of operations and increase the quality, but energy efficiency, environmental impact and sustainability also should be taken into consideration. Packaging is a special area of production and service, where due to the significant amount of logistics activity, the design and operation of sustainable processes with low environmental impact are emphasized. Within the frame of this article, the author provides an overview of the opportunities offered by Industry 4.0 technologies in the development of packaging processes of manufacturing and service companies and outlines the challenges to be faced in the implementation of these developments.
Impact of digital twin technology on the real-time optimisation of material handling processes
Authors: Bányai T
Published: March 2022

The application of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies makes it possible to improve the performance of technological and logistic processes. These processes can include a wide range of IoT technologies and solutions, like cloud, fog or edge computing, intelligent tools and gentelligent products, mobile robots, 3D printing, virtual reality or last but not at least digital twin solutions. Within the frame of this article the author describes the potential of digital twin technology to improve the performance of real-time optimisation in complex logistics systems. After a short literature review, this paper introduces the conception of digital twin solutions. The model of digital twin supported real-time optimisation of an in-plant logistics system is described including the structure, the mathematical model, the solution algorithm, and the computational results. The scenario analysis of the described system validates the model and the efficiency of digital twin solutions.
Microwave method based on curve fitting method for high-precision collision frequency diagnosis
Authors: MA Gelu , LIU Yanming , ZHAO Chengwei , SUN Chao , BAO Weimin
Published: March 2022

In this work, the results of plasma microwave transmission diagnosis were analyzed. According to the attenuation and phase shift of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the plasma, the electron density and collision frequency of the plasma can be diagnosed. Since part of the electromagnetic wave is reflected or diffracted when propagating in the plasma, and is not absorbed by the plasma, and this part of the attenuation is still included in the measured attenuation, the attenuation is distorted. Therefore, a curve fitting method is proposed to remove the attenuation caused by the plasma reflection, thereby improving the accuracy of the diagnosis of the collision frequency. The calibration effect of this method on plasmas with different electron densities and collision frequencies is analyzed, and a diagnostic frequency band with good calibration results is given. The curve fitting method is verified by experiment and simulation. After adopting the newly proposed method, the diagnosis accuracy of collision frequency can be increased by 30%. This method can be widely used in various types of plasma diagnosis and provides a new idea for plasma diagnosis.
Collective impact: lessons from the American democratic tradition
Authors: Stewart-Gambino Hannah W
Published: March 2022

Collective Impact, a framework for improving social service provision first articulated in 2011, promises to improve efficiency while creating win–win cross-sector collaborations to solve the root causes of pressing community needs. This paper argues that in its current articulation, Collective Impact might deliver efficiencies but not transformative change. Positioning Collective Impact within the tradition of US democratic traditions, starting with Alexis de Tocqueville’s observations about the importance of US civil society for building an engaged citizenry, highlights specific ways to augment the framework’s transformative potential. In contrast to the neoliberal insistence that marketized social service providers are best suited for delivering efficient social service provision, this paper argues that Collective Impact leaders can take responsibility for strengthening civil society for real transformative change.
From population- to patient-based prediction of in-hospital mortality in heart failure using machine learning
Authors: König Sebastian , Pellissier Vincent , Hohenstein Sven , Leiner Johannes , Meier-Hellmann Andreas , Kuhlen Ralf , Hindricks Gerhard , Bollmann Andreas
Published: March 2022

Aims

Utilizing administrative data may facilitate risk prediction in heart failure inpatients. In this short report, we present different machine learning models that predict in-hospital mortality on an individual basis utilizing this widely available data source.

Methods and results

Inpatient cases with a main discharge diagnosis of heart failure hospitalized between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018 in one of 86 German Helios hospitals were examined. Comorbidities were defined by ICD-10 codes from administrative data. The data set was randomly split into 75/25% portions for model development and testing. Five algorithms were evaluated: logistic regression [generalized linear models (GLMs)], random forest (RF), gradient boosting machine (GBM), single-layer neural network (NNET), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). After model tuning, the receiver operating characteristics area under the curves (ROC AUCs) were calculated and compared with DeLong’s test. A total of 59 074 inpatient cases (mean age 77.6 ± 11.1 years, 51.9% female, 89.4% NYHA Class III/IV) were included and in-hospital mortality was 6.2%. In the test data set, calculated ROC AUCs were 0.853 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.842–0.863] for GLM, 0.851 (95% CI 0.840–0.862) for RF, 0.855 (95% CI 0.844–0.865) for GBM, 0.836 (95% CI 0.823–0.849) for NNET, and 0.856 (95% CI 9.846–0.867) for XGBoost. XGBoost outperformed all models except GBM.

Conclusion

Machine learning-based processing of administrative data enables the creation of well-performing prediction models for in-hospital mortality in heart failure patients.
User Perceptions of a Technology-Based Social Memory Aid for Persons With Memory Concerns
Authors: Horn Brenna , Albers Elizabeth , Jutkowitz Eric , Finlay Jessica , Mitchell Lauren , Millenbah Ashley , Mikal Jude
Published: March 2022

People with memory concerns (PWMC) are likely to experience social withdrawal and isolation. Although assistive technologies and memory aids are available to support PWMC and their family caregivers, few have been shown to improve social engagement. This study aimed to gain perspectives of PWMC and their family caregivers on the feasibility and utility of a technology-based social memory aid. We recruited 20 dyads of people with mild to moderate memory concerns and family caregivers to evaluate Smartwatch Reminder (SR), a notification system that provides a name, relationship, and photograph of nearby social contacts to aid in recognition. Dyads viewed a demonstration of the SR prototype, and then participated in semi-structured interviews over Zoom video conferencing from June to August, 2020. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis, with analyses completed in August 2021. Our findings indicate that participants anticipated important benefits from using the technology, and thought the technology would be easy to use. Participants perceived that the memory aid could benefit them now and in the future by alleviating socialization-related stress for both members of the care dyad; however, certain features of SR restricted the potential benefits, such as the requirement that social contacts have the SR application, and that prompts are only provided during social encounters. Our findings will inform future technology-enabled memory aid development to improve social engagement for PWMC and support family caregivers.
Construction of a chromosome-level Japanese stickleback species genome using ultra-dense linkage analysis with single-cell sperm sequencing
Authors: Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Ishikawa Asano , Yonezawa Ryo , Kinoshita Shigeharu , Kitano Jun , Asakawa Shuichi
Published: March 2022

It is still difficult to construct the genomes of higher organisms as their genome sequences must be extended to the length of the chromosome by linkage analysis. In this study, we attempted to provide an innovative alternative to conventional linkage analysis by devising a method to genotype sperm using 10× Genomics single-cell genome sequencing libraries to generate a linkage map without interbreeding individuals. A genome was assembled using sperm from the Japanese stickleback Gasterosteus nipponicus, with single-cell genotyping yielding 1 864 430 very dense hetero-SNPs and an average coverage per sperm cell of 0.13×. In total, 1665 sperm were used, which is an order of magnitude higher than the number of recombinations used for conventional linkage analysis. We then improved the linkage analysis tool scaffold extender with low depth linkage analysis (SELDLA) to analyze the data according to the characteristics of the single-cell genotyping data. Finally, we were able to determine the chromosomal location (97.1%) and orientation (64.4%) of the contigs in the 456 Mb genome of G. nipponicus, sequenced using nanopores. This method promises to be a useful tool for determining the genomes of non-model organisms for which breeding systems have not yet been established by linkage analysis.
Graph-based models of the Oenothera mitochondrial genome capture the enormous complexity of higher plant mitochondrial DNA organization
Authors: Fischer Axel , Dotzek Jana , Walther Dirk , Greiner Stephan
Published: March 2022

Plant mitochondrial genomes display an enormous structural complexity, as recombining repeat-pairs lead to the generation of various sub-genomic molecules, rendering these genomes extremely challenging to assemble. We present a novel bioinformatic data-processing pipeline called SAGBAC (Semi-Automated Graph-Based Assembly Curator) that identifies recombinogenic repeat-pairs and reconstructs plant mitochondrial genomes. SAGBAC processes assembly outputs and applies our novel ISEIS (Iterative Sequence Ends Identity Search) algorithm to obtain a graph-based visualization. We applied this approach to three mitochondrial genomes of evening primrose (Oenothera), a plant genus used for cytoplasmic genetics studies. All identified repeat pairs were found to be flanked by two alternative and unique sequence-contigs defining so-called ‘double forks’, resulting in four possible contig-repeat-contig combinations for each repeat pair. Based on the inferred structural models, the stoichiometry of the different contig-repeat-contig combinations was analyzed using Illumina mate-pair and PacBio RSII data. This uncovered a remarkable structural diversity of the three closely related mitochondrial genomes, as well as substantial phylogenetic variation of the underlying repeats. Our model allows predicting all recombination events and, thus, all possible sub-genomes. In future work, the proposed methodology may prove useful for the investigation of the sub-genome organization and dynamics in different tissues and at various developmental stages.
Combining cardiac monitoring with actigraphy aids nocturnal arousal detection during ambulatory sleep assessment in insomnia
Authors: Rösler Lara , van der Lande Glenn , Leerssen Jeanne , Vandegriffe Austin G , Lakbila-Kamal Oti , Foster-Dingley Jessica C , Albers Anne C W , van Someren Eus J W
Published: March 2022

Study Objectives

The objective assessment of insomnia has remained difficult. Multisensory devices collecting heart rate (HR) and motion are regarded as the future of ambulatory sleep monitoring. Unfortunately, reports on altered average HR or heart rate variability (HRV) during sleep in insomnia are equivocal. Here, we evaluated whether the objective quantification of insomnia improves by assessing state-related changes in cardiac measures.

Methods

We recorded electrocardiography, posture, and actigraphy in 33 people without sleep complaints and 158 patients with mild to severe insomnia over 4 d in their home environment. At the microscale, we investigated whether HR changed with proximity to gross (body) and small (wrist) movements at nighttime. At the macroscale, we calculated day-night differences in HR and HRV measures. For both timescales, we tested whether outcome measures were related to insomnia diagnosis and severity.

Results

At the microscale, an increase in HR was often detectable already 60 s prior to as well as following a nocturnal chest, but not wrist, movement. This increase was slightly steeper in insomnia and was associated with insomnia severity, but future EEG recordings are necessary to elucidate whether these changes occur prior to or simultaneously with PSG-indicators of wakefulness. At the macroscale, we found an attenuated cardiac response to sleep in insomnia: patients consistently showed smaller day-night differences in HR and HRV.

Conclusions

Incorporating state-related changes in cardiac features in the ambulatory monitoring of sleep might provide a more sensitive biomarker of insomnia than the use of cardiac activity averages or actigraphy alone.
Nurses' role in addressing social determinants of health
Authors: Tiase Victoria , Crookston Cathryn Degraff , Schoenbaum Anna , Valu Madelynn
Published: March 2022

Nurses have a vital role in addressing social and health inequities to promote quality healthcare for all. This article discusses the tools to screen for social determinants of health (SDOH) and key considerations for nurses and nurse leaders to advance the integration of SDOH information into their workflows.
Impact of Vaginal Estrogen on the Urobiome in Postmenopausal Women With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Jung Carrie E. , Estaki Mehrbod , Chopyk Jessica , Taylor Bryn C. , Gonzalez Antonio , McDonald Daniel , Shin Jenny , Ferrante Kimberly , Wasenda Erika , Lippmann Quinn , Knight Rob , Pride David , Lukacz Emily S.
Published: March 2022

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2022;28:20–26)

Up to 50% of women will have at least 1 urinary tract infection (UTI) in their lifetime, and 2% to 5% will experience recurrent UTIs (rUTIs). Postmenopausal women are disproportionately affected by both UTI and rUTI.
Randomized Trial of Cytoreductive Surgery for Relapsed Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Harter Philipp , Sehouli Jalid , Vergote Ignace , Ferron Gwenael , Reuss Alexander , Meier Werner , Greggi Stefano , Mosgard Berit J. , Selle Frederic , Guyon Frederic , Pomel Christophe , Lécuru Fabrice , Zang Rongyu , Avall-Lundqvist Elisabeth , Kim Jae‐Weon , Ponce Jordi , Raspagliesi Francesco , Kristensen Gunnar , Classe Jean-Marc , Hillemanns Peter , Jensen Pernille , Hasenburg Annette , Ghaem-Maghami Sadaf , Mirza Mansoor R. , Lund Bente , Reinthaller Alexander , Santaballa Ana , Olaitan Adeola , Hilpert Felix , du Bois Andreas
Published: March 2022

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2021;385:2123–2131)

Standard of care treatment for advanced ovarian cancer involves primary macroscopic resection of all tumor followed by platinum-based combination chemotherapy with or without additional systemic therapy including bevacizumab or a poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. The Descriptive Evaluation of Preoperative Selection Criteria for Operability in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (DESKTOP) series aims to assess the role of surgery in management of recurrent ovarian cancer.
Did the COVID-19 pandemic lead to increased pediatric musculoskeletal nonaccidental trauma? A cross-sectional study
Authors: McCauley Kainoa L. , Kaelber David C. , Mistovich R. Justin
Published: March 2022

Lockdowns due to COVID-19 increased known risk factors for nonaccidental trauma (NAT), including economic instability and parental stress. We sought to evaluate potential changes in the frequency and types of fractures associated with NAT during the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using de-identified data obtained from the IBM Watson Health Explorys Cohort Discovery database. Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine—Clinical Terms were used to query the database for victims of NAT in 2019 and 2020. Within this cohort of patients, we then identified those who were also diagnosed with a fracture within 21 days of the NAT event. Demographic data were compared between 2019 and 2020 where possible using chi-squared testing, and relative risks for various fracture diagnoses were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. There were 9500 records overall of pediatric NAT in 2019 compared to 9350 in 2020. Of those, in 2019 550 were associated with a diagnosis of fracture versus 570 in 2020. The relative risk of fracture due to NAT in 2020 when compared to 2019 was not significantly higher [relative risk, 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.17)]. The relative risk for each category of fracture diagnosis in 2020 was slightly higher, but not to a statistically significant degree. Despite increasing known risk factors, the frequency of NAT remained unchanged as the result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also did not identify significant changes in the risk of fracture due to NAT, nor any changes in the associated types of fractures.