bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DISCOVERY OF UBIQUITOUS FAST-PROPAGATING INTENSITY DISTURBANCES BY THE CHROMOSPHERIC LYMAN ALPHA SPECTROPOLARIMETER (CLASP)
Authors: Kubo M. , Katsukawa Y. , Suematsu Y. , Kano R. , Bando T. , Narukage N. , Ishikawa R. , Hara H. , Giono G. , Tsuneta S. , Ishikawa S. , Shimizu T. , Sakao T. , Winebarger A. , Kobayashi K. , Cirtain J. , Champey P. , Auchère F. , Bueno J. Trujillo , Ramos A. Asensio , Štěpán J. , Belluzzi L. , Sainz R. Manso , Pontieu B. De , Ichimoto K. , Carlsson M. , Casini R. , Goto M.
Published: November 2016

High-cadence observations by the slit-jaw (SJ) optics system of the sounding rocket experiment known as the Chromospheric Lyman Alpha Spectropolarimeter (CLASP) reveal ubiquitous intensity disturbances that recurrently propagate in either the chromosphere or the transition region or both at a speed much higher than the speed of sound. The CLASP/SJ instrument provides a time series of two-dimensional images taken with broadband filters centered on the Lyα line at a 0.6 s cadence. The multiple fast-propagating intensity disturbances appear in the quiet Sun and in an active region, and they are clearly detected in at least 20 areas in a field of view of 527″ × 527″ during the 5 minute observing time. The apparent speeds of the intensity disturbances range from 150 to 350 km s−1, and they are comparable to the local Alfvén speed in the transition region. The intensity disturbances tend to propagate along bright elongated structures away from areas with strong photospheric magnetic fields. This suggests that the observed fast-propagating intensity disturbances are related to the magnetic canopy structures. The maximum distance traveled by the intensity disturbances is about 10″, and the widths are a few arcseconds, which are almost determined by a pixel size of 1.″03. The timescale of each intensity pulse is shorter than 30 s. One possible explanation for the fast-propagating intensity disturbances observed by CLASP is magnetohydrodynamic fast-mode waves.
GRAVITATIONAL WAVE BACKGROUND FROM BINARY MERGERS AND METALLICITY EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES
Authors: Nakazato Ken’ichiro , Niino Yuu , Sago Norichika
Published: November 2016

The cosmological evolution of the binary black hole (BH) merger rate and the energy density of the gravitational wave (GW) background are investigated. To evaluate the redshift dependence of the BH formation rate, BHs are assumed to originate from low-metallicity stars, and the relations between the star formation rate, metallicity and stellar mass of galaxies are combined with the stellar mass function at each redshift. As a result, it is found that when the energy density of the GW background is scaled with the merger rate at the local universe, the scaling factor does not depend on the critical metallicity for the formation of BHs. Also taking into account the merger of binary neutron stars, a simple formula to express the energy spectrum of the GW background is constructed for the inspiral phase. The relation between the local merger rate and the energy density of the GW background will be examined by future GW observations.
O Ensino de Ciências na perspectiva da Metodologia de Aprendizagem por Projetos em Curso de Licenciatura
Authors: Da Silva Luiz Everson , Silva Lenir Maristela
Published: November 2016

Este artigo tem o propósito de apresentar argumentos a favor da metodologia de ensino por projetos para a formação emancipatória dos sujeitos de aprendizagem. Para a construção das argumentações relatam-se as atividades desenvolvidas durante um semestre numa turma de Licenciatura em Ciências da UFPR Litoral. Além disso, utilizam-se as narrativas dos estudantes na avaliação final do semestre, buscando identificar as marcas diferenciais no processo percebido pelos mesmos. Destacaram-se os principais argumentos a favor da metodologia: há um favorecimento da pró-atividade dos estudantes, pois as aulas do tipo palestra deixam de ser o foco metodológico; o professor atua como mediador na medida em que junto com os estudantes organiza o estudo e as responsabilidades coletivas e individuais; a aprendizagem se dá num processo dialético em que se parte e se chega na prática social, possibilitando que o objeto deixe a assepsia conteudista e permita a construção de elaborações de pensamentos críticos a cerca de realidade concreta. À construção deste trabalho permitiu também a conclusão de que não é o uso da metodologia por projetos em si que favorece a formação emancipatória, mas a mediação, cuja lógica filosófica possibilite a elaboração de pensamentos críticos.
Mapas mentais em temáticas da astronomia: percepções e implicações para o ensino.
Authors: Debom Camila Riegel , Moreira Marco Antonio
Published: November 2016

Neste trabalho investigou-se como o conhecimento sobre Astronomia se estabelece dentro da sociedade, supondo que diferentes grupos sociais apresentariam diferentes representações de conhecimentos relacionados com o tema. Nesse sentido, foi conduzido um mapeamento de possíveis Representações Sociais em um grupo de estudantes do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola rural, utilizando-se a técnica dos mapas mentais. Adicionalmente foi desenvolvida e aplicada uma sequência de aulas que se apropriou de pressupostos da teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa. Verificou-se que apesar de pertencerem a um grupo social relativamente bem delimitado, os estudantes apresentam poucas regularidades no que diz respeito às relações que estabelecem entre conceitos. Percebeu-se que a identificação destas Representações Sociais é difícil, no entanto constitui uma temática promissora na pesquisa em ensino de Ciências pela sua relação direta com obstáculos representacionais que possam prejudicar a aprendizagem científica de conceitos e pela escassez de trabalhos na área.
O Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência como proposta para a reflexão das Ciências Biológicas na Educação Básica, Graduação e Pós-Graduação
Authors: Sakuragui Cassia Monica , Nunes Alexandre Pedro Selvatti Ferreira , Couto Junior Dilton Ribeiro
Published: November 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir os conteúdos abordados no primeiro ano do Ensino Médio e temas transversais, no contexto da estrutura curricular do Curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), e como o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) se constitui numa proposta relevante para suscitar conjecturas sobre esta estrutura. Além disso, o texto visa refletir sobre  as contribuições da Pós-Graduação neste processo, por meio da atuação dos alunos que desenvolvem estágio de docência nos componentes curriculares do curso.
Efeito da aprendizagem baseada no Método de Projetos e na Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa na retenção do conhecimento: uma análise quantitativa
Authors: Parisoto Mara Fernanda , Moreira Marco Antonio , Killian Alex Sandre
Published: November 2016

Alunos das disciplinas de Física Básica dos cursos de Engenharia, em muitos casos têm dificuldade de relacionar conteúdos de Física com sua futura área de atuação, o que consequentemente pode promover um aumento de reprovação, evasão e diminuição da aprendizagem significativa em favor da aprendizagem mecânica. Visando minimizar esta realidade, elaborou-se um material potencialmente significativo, integrando Método de Projetos e Unidades de Ensino Potencialmente Significativas. A proposta foi aplicada para ensinar o conteúdo de Termodinâmica em duas turmas de 80 alunos. Em uma terceira turma foi ministrado o conteúdo a partir de aulas expositivas seguidas de resolução de problemas. Com o auxilio de análise estatística dos testes aplicados nas turmas, observou-se indícios de aprendizagem significativa e maior retenção no grupo experimental em relação à turma de controle, nos conhecimentos procedimentais, conceituais e de aplicação. Esses resultados fornecem indicativos de que a estratégia aqui proposta é potencialmente facilitadora da aprendizagem significativa.
Abordagem De Ligação Metálica Numa Perspectiva De Ensino Por Situação-Problema
Authors: Ferreira Imerson Da Mota , Fernandes Lucas Dos Santos , Campos Ângela Fernandes
Published: November 2016

O presente estudo avaliou a eficácia de uma estratégia didática pautada no ensino por situações-problema (SP) na abordagem de ligação metálica. Uma SP é uma situação didática na qual se propõe ao sujeito uma tarefa que ele não pode realizar sem efetuar uma aprendizagem precisa. A aprendizagem, que constitui o verdadeiro objetivo da situação-problema, se dá ao vencer obstáculo(s) na realização da tarefa. Participaram da pesquisa estudantes do Curso de Licenciatura em Química de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior que envolveu: apresentação de uma SP; intervenção didática com utilização de hipermídia, experimento sobre condução elétrica, vídeo sobre condução térmica; respostas dos estudantes à SP. Além disso, buscou-se contemplar os três níveis do conhecimento químico, a saber: teórico, representacional, fenomenológico.  Os resultados evidenciaram a importância dos instrumentos utilizados e a maioria dos estudantes conseguiu responder a SP, sendo que alguns deles apresentaram dificuldade na representação da ligação metálica.
Sequências didáticas eletrônicas para auxiliar na aprendizagem significativa em conteúdos de Patologia Humana
Authors: Medeiros Martins de Almeida Caroline , Dall Agnese da Costa Roberta , Tadeu Campos Lopes Paulo
Published: November 2016

Os alunos do curso de Educação Física possuem muitas dificuldades de apreender os conteúdos da disciplina de Patologia Humana, por esse motivo pensou-se em criar estratégias para facilitar o seu aprendizado utilizando as tecnologias digitais. Este artigo traz resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como  objetivo criar, aplicar e avaliar as possíveis contribuições de sequências didáticas eletrônicas, utilizando mapas conceituais, para auxiliar a facilitar a aprendizagem significativa nas temáticas Câncer e Fibromialgia. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidas duas sequências didáticas eletrônicas num site da wikia e avaliados, mediante análise de mapas conceituais, a aquisição desses conteúdos pelos alunos. Na análise dos mapas conceituais, verificou-se o seu apoio na construção do conhecimento, uma vez que os alunos precisam rever o conteúdo e atribuir diferentes significados e novas relações entre eles. Esses resultados sugerem que as aulas de Patologia Humana podem ser mais interessantes, integrando-se tecnologias digitais ao cotidiano do ensino.
PENSAMENTO COMPUTACIONAL – Um conjunto de atitudes e habilidades que todos, não só cientistas da computação, ficaram ansiosos para aprender e usar.
Authors: Wing Jeannette
Published: November 2016

Apresenta-se aqui a tradução do trabalho intitulado “Computational Thinking”, da autora americana Jeannette Wing, professora de Ciência da Computação e chefe do Departamento de Ciência da Computação na Universidade de Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA. O trabalho original foi publicado no número 3 da edição 49 do periódico “Communications of the ACM”, em março de 2006. DOI 0001-0782/06/0300.O trabalho foi traduzido para o português por Cleverson Sebastião dos Anjos, professor da área de informática do Instituto Federal do Paraná.
Gut-borne Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a promising candidate for the formulation of feed additives, modulates immune system and gut microbiota
Authors: García G. , Dogi C. , de Moreno de LeBlanc A. , Greco C. , Cavaglieri L.
Published: November 2016

The aim was to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 on immune parameters and gut microbiota in healthy mice. Animals received S. cerevisiae RC016 for 10 days. Microbial translocation to liver and changes in some bacterial populations in caecum were determined. Immune stimulation was assessed at gut level (measure of immunoglobulin A (IgA)+ cells and luminal cytokine profile) and by evaluating the activity of peritoneal macrophages. Oral administration of S. cerevisiae RC016 did not induce microbial translocation to liver. Mice that received yeast increased the number of IgA+ cells in their intestines, the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and decreased tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in the small intestine with increases of interleukin-10/TNF-αratio. Administration of S. cerevisiae RC016 caused the decline of a logarithmic unit for Enterobacteriaceae counts compared to the control. The immune and gut microbiota modulation observed demonstrates that S. cerevisiae RC016 is a promising candidate for the formulation of feed additives to improve animal productivity. The beneficial in vivo effects observed for the potential probiotic S. cerevisiae RC016 with previously reported mycotoxin-binding properties, demonstrated that this strain could be suitable to be included in a novel product to improve animal productivity, with both probiotic and mycotoxin-binding properties. However, studies in the specific host will be necessary to confirm this potential.
Collaborative Falls Prevention: Interprofessional Team Formation, Implementation, and Evaluation
Authors: Lasater Kathie , Cotrell Victoria , McKenzie Glenise , Simonson William , Morgove Megan W. , Long Emily E. , Eckstrom Elizabeth
Published: November 2016

As health care rapidly evolves to promote person-centered care, evidence-based practice, and team-structured environments, nurses must lead interprofessional (IP) teams to collaborate for optimal health of the populations and more cost-effective health care. Four professions—nursing, medicine, social work, and pharmacy—formed a teaching team to address fall prevention among older adults in Oregon using an IP approach. The teaching team developed training sessions that included interactive, evidence-based sessions, followed by individualized team coaching. This article describes how the IP teaching team came together to use a unique cross-training approach to teach each other. They then taught and coached IP teams from a variety of community practice settings to foster their integration of team-based falls-prevention strategies into practice. After coaching 25 teams for a year each, the authors present the lessons learned from the teaching team's formation and experiences, as well as feedback from practice team participants that can provide direction for other IP teams.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2016;47(12):545–550.
The Lived Experience of Nursing Faculty in a Dedicated Education Unit
Authors: DeMeester Deborah A.
Published: November 2016

Background:

The dedicated education unit (DEU) was developed as an innovation to increase enrollment capacity and secure stable clinical placement sites in units that provide an optimal learning environment. The purpose of this multisite study was to describe, interpret, and offer insight into the meanings of the lived experiences of nursing faculty who had transitioned to teaching in a DEU.

Method:

Semistructured private interviews were conducted using an interpretive phenomenological approach.

Results:

The three themes that emerged were Preparing for, Adapting to, and Sustaining a New Synergy of Learning. Each theme had two to four subthemes.

Conclusion:

New DEU faculty may face decisions about physical presence, the nature of their interactions with staff nurse clinical instructors and students, and tactful approaches to managing practice issues. This study informs faculty how they can best prepare for success and promote sustainability. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(12):669–674.]
A Project Team Analysis Using Tuckman's Model of Small-Group Development
Authors: Natvig Deborah , Stark Nancy L.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Concerns about equitable workloads for nursing faculty have been well documented, yet a standardized system for workload management does not exist. A project team was challenged to establish an academic workload management system when two dissimilar universities were consolidated.

Method:

Tuckman's model of small-group development was used as the framework for the analysis of processes and effectiveness of a workload project team. Agendas, notes, and meeting minutes were used as the primary sources of information.

Results:

Analysis revealed the challenges the team encountered. Utilization of a team charter was an effective tool in guiding the team to become a highly productive group. Lessons learned from the analysis are discussed.

Conclusion:

Guiding a diverse group into a highly productive team is complex. The use of Tuckman's model of small-group development provided a systematic mechanism to review and understand group processes and tasks. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(12):675–681.]
To Blog or Not to Blog: What Do Nursing Faculty Think?
Authors: Jones Krista , Garrity Mary Kate , VanderZwan Kathryn J. , Epstein Iris , Burla de la Rocha Arlene
Published: November 2016

Background:

Nurse educators find themselves tasked with developing content that both is aesthetically appealing and engages today's technological learners while empowering them to apply their knowledge in clinical and classroom settings. Students engaging with social networking systems reported increased satisfaction with collaborative peer-to-peer learning experiences, socialization, self-reflection, peer critique, problem-solving skills, collation of evidence-based resources, and instructor performance.

Method:

This project included identifying the needs of nursing faculty regarding the use of blogging in their courses and barriers faced by faculty with implementing blogging in nursing curricula. A convenience sampling method was used, with surveys e-mailed to 49 schools of nursing in Illinois and 38 in Ontario.

Results:

One hundred twenty-two surveys were completed: 78 in Illinois and 44 in Ontario. Results suggest there are many pedagogical, philosophical, and ethical issues associated with using blogging and technology in nursing education.

Conclusion:

Although significant challenges exist, blogging and technology can be useful collaborative learning tools. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(12):683–689.]
Clinical Judgment Scripts as a Strategy to Foster Clinical Judgments
Authors: Hines Cheryl B. , Wood Felecia G.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Clinical judgment encompasses how nurses use their knowledge of the patient to generate, assess, and prioritize patient care alternatives. Previous research has identified debriefing as critical to developing clinical judgment. Best practice for debriefing has yet to be identified. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether a standard debriefing script, based on Tanner's clinical judgment model, could foster clinical judgment.

Method:

Participants were senior nursing students in their final semester of study. Data were gathered and analyzed from three sources: independent raters observing students in simulation, participating students, and the students' clinical instructors.

Results:

Students identified the script as an effective debriefing tool, and significant improvements were observed in clinical judgment scores from all data sources.

Conclusion:

The standardized debriefing script helped students focus on the learning process, resulting in student improvement in all areas of clinical judgment: noticing, interpreting, responding, and reflecting. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(12):691–695.]
Patterns and Perceptions of Asynchronous Video Discussion in a Graduate Health Sciences Course
Authors: Cummins Mollie , Rajan Naresh Sundar , Hodge Chad , Gouripeddi Ramkiran
Published: November 2016

Background:

Studies of graduate online education indicate a need for increased interaction among students and faculty. However, it can be challenging to foster a high level of scholarly interaction and engagement in fully online courses. The objective of this study was to evaluate student perceptions and participation patterns related to online, asynchronous video discussion in a graduate health sciences course.

Method:

An asynchronous video discussion was piloted in a 2014 interprofessional informatics course and students were subsequently surveyed to determine their perceptions of this approach. Participation patterns were analyzed using descriptive statistics and social network analysis.

Results:

The results indicate broad and inclusive interaction among students and faculty, with discussion characteristics perceived as equivalent to, or better than, traditional classroom discussion. The quality of student participation was high, and students spent additional time researching and preparing their contributions.

Conclusion:

This format for a seminar-style discussion holds good potential for effective teaching and learning in online graduate-level health courses and supports the development of students' critical thinking and scholarly communication skills. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(12):706–710.]
Curricular Path to Value: Integrating an Academic Electronic Health Record
Authors: Sorensen Jennifer , Campbell Linda
Published: November 2016

Background:

Regulatory mandates consistently focus on quality, safety, and improving patient care as better evidence surfaces. One of those mandates is the adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) across all patient care settings. New graduate nurses must know how to access patient data and document and synthesize patient information accurately to plan safe, quality care and mitigate potential errors.

Method:

In an undergraduate nursing program, the objectives were to provide faculty with simple teaching strategies that promoted ease of integrating an academic EHR (AEHR) across a curriculum, as well as to steadily increase students' use of an AEHR.

Results:

Faculty stressed an appreciation for having a supportive environment with an innovative way to educate nursing students. Students' feedback and course evaluations were positive, with students noting that they enjoyed learning in a different way.

Conclusion:

Faculty should continue to share their innovative teaching strategies for AEHR integration. Further research should include measurable outcomes of integrating an AEHR throughout a curriculum. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(12):716–719.]
El dilema unicameralismo-bicameralismo en la Segunda República española
Authors: Giménez Martínez Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2016

Una de las características esenciales del constitucionalismo español ha sido la dualidad de Asambleas, ininterrumpida desde la promulgación del Estatuto Real de 1834. La Constitución de 1931, sin embargo, vino a romper con esta tradición y se convirtió, junto con la de 1812, en la única de nuestra historia que ha creado un Parlamento unicameral. El objeto del presente trabajo es analizar las causas que llevaron a establecer una sola Cámara, lo que constituyó una de las más importantes novedades ofrecidas por la Segunda República en cuanto a la estructuración orgánica del Estado. Partimos para ello de un enfoque multidisciplinar que combina la exégesis de textos legales, el análisis de fuentes parlamentarias (los Diarios de Sesiones) y el contraste con las aportaciones doctrinales. El estudio se centra primero en el proceso de elaboración constitucional; repasa a continuación la pugna dialéctica entablada entre los partidarios del unicameralismo y los que se inclinaban por mantener la estructura bicameral de las Cortes, y concluye con una valoración final en torno a las consecuencias que el modelo elegido tuvo para la consolidación del régimen republicano y los potenciales beneficios que la conservación del Senado habría proporcionado.
Le retrait du Burundi du Statut de la Cour pénale internationale : quelles conséquences ?
Authors: Capizzi Pamela
Published: November 2016

En avril 2016, le Procureur de la Cour pénale internationale a entamé un examen préliminaire sur la situation prévalant au Burundi depuis avril 2015. En octobre 2016, le Burundi a annoncé vouloir se retirer du Statut de la Cour. Quelles sont les conséquences d’un tel retrait sur l’examen préliminaire en cours et sur la suite de la procédure ? Le cas burundais pourrait constituer un précèdent dangereux pour le système instauré par le Statut de Rome. Suite à ses démarches, en moins d’un mois, un autre Etat s’est formellement retiré du Statut de Rome et un autre a annoncé la même intention. Si d’autres acteurs de la communauté internationale n’interviennent pas en assumant la responsabilité de la lutte contre l’impunité, le système de justice internationale basé sur le Statut de Rome pourrait être amené à l’effondrement.
Neonatal gastrointestinal involvement and congenital cytomegalovirus
Authors: Porta Alessandro , Avanzini Adriana , Bellini Marta , Crossignani Rosa Maria , Fiocchi Stefano , Martinelli Stefano , Parola Luciana
Published: November 2016

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital viral infection, affecting 0.2 to 2.3% of all live births in developed countries. Very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight newborns are at higher risk of symptomatic CMV infection, most commonly secondary and acquired through breast milk. Gastrointestinal involvement is rare in acquired CMV infections, but it could be an important manifestation of postnatal infection in preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units. Early onset of CMV gastrointestinal signs/symptoms is very rare. In a review of the literature it is described in 5 newborns in the first 24 hours of life, and 6 considering the onset in the first week of life. This review describes also a case report of congenital CMV in an immunocompetent newborn with onset of gastrointestinal signs immediately after birth: a possible association between viral infection and enteric manifestations was considered in the differential diagnosis. A review of the literature of the different case reports found has done, with description and comparison of the different patients and clinical presentations.
A comparison in university students of the amplitude of accommodation determined subjectively
Authors: Mathebula Solani D. , Kekana Tumisho M. , Ledwaba Martina M. , Mushwana Danny N. , Malope Nthabiseng E.
Published: November 2016

Background: Historically, the push-up and the minus lens methods have been used for the measurements of the amplitude of accommodation, and the differences between the results of these methods are well known.Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare three methods for determining the monocular amplitude of accommodation and consider whether agreement exists between such methods.Setting: The study was conducted at the Optometry Clinic, University of Limpopo.Method: Thirty-four (N = 34) African optometry students participated in this study. There were 20 female and 14 male students. The age range of the participants was 20–34 years. Amplitude of accommodation was measured via the subjective push-up, push-down and minus lens methods only on the right eyes of the sample.Results: The highest average amplitude of accommodation was obtained with the push-up method (10.20 D ± 0.96 D), while the minus lens method produced the smallest mean amplitude of accommodation (9.66 D ± 0.75 D). A higher correlation was found between the push-up and push-down methods (r = 0.80, p = 0.06). The smallest correlation was observed between the push-up and the minus lens methods (r = 0.60, p = 0.062). There were no statistically significant differences between the amplitude of accommodation in male and female students for all three methods (p > 0.005).Conclusion: It seems easier to recognise the point where one can identify a target in pushdown amplitude than the point of first sustained blur in the push-up method. The push-up method tends to overestimate the actual amplitude of accommodation because of the effects of depth of focus. The less evaluated method in the literature is the push-away method; however, further research is necessary to answer the question of which (if any) method is more accurate.
The emotional intelligence of registered nurses commencing critical care nursing
Authors: Nagel Yvette , Towell Amanda , Nel Elzabe , Foxall Fiona
Published: November 2016

Background: Critical care is described as complex, detailed healthcare in a unique, technologically rich environment. Critical care nursing requires a strong knowledge base and exceptional clinical and technological skills to cope in this demanding environment. Many registered nurses (RNs) commencing work in these areas may lack resilience, and because of the stress of the critical care environment, coping mechanisms need to be developed. To prevent burnout and to enable critical care nurses to function holistically, emotional intelligence (EI) is essential in the development of such coping mechanisms.Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the EI of RNs commencing work in critical care units in a private hospital group in Gauteng, South Africa.Method: The design used for this study was a quantitative descriptive survey. The target population were RNs commencing work in critical care units. Data were collected from RNs using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – Short Form and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.Results: The sample (n = 30) had a mean age of 32 years. Most of the participants (63%) qualified through the completion of a bridging course between 2010 and 2012. The majority (62%) of the sample had less than 2 years’ experience as RNs.Conclusion: The EI of RNs commencing work in a critical care environment was indicative of a higher range of Global EI, with the well-being factor scoring the highest, followed by the emotionality factor, then self-control, with the sociability factor scoring the lowest.
Bishop Paul Verryn’s pastoral response towards unaccompanied refugee minors
Authors: Chisale Sinenhlanhla S.
Published: November 2016

Bishop Paul Verryn is a South African Methodist Church liberation theologian known for his concern for human rights and human dignity. In this article, I acknowledge his response to children and youth migrants in practical theology, general mission studies and pastoral care. I conceptualise Bishop Verryn’s response towards Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URMs) and explore how he weaves pastoral care into the mission of the church. The study from which this article draws followed an exploratory design. Data were collected through structured in-depth interviews, informal conversations with Bishop Verryn and observations. Written from a contextual theology perspective, the findings indicate that Bishop Verryn’s pastoral care approach towards URMs is worthy to be developed and recognised as a form of pastoral care and mission work for the broader church’s pastoral ministry towards URMs in Africa and abroad.
Jonathan Edwards and a reformational view of the purpose of education
Authors: Potgieter Esmari
Published: November 2016

The contemporary quest for spirituality (or spiritual ‘connection’) in formal education can be linked to the question what education is for. The present article is concerned with contributing to a reformational approach to the question of the purpose of education, with specific reference to spirituality. From a reformational perspective, spirituality should be understood within the framework of the relation between God and his creation. In this article I turn to the thought of Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758), a philosopher-theologian who was convinced that the world exists to communicate the glory of God. This conception of the relation between God and creation gave rise to three recurrent themes in Edwards’ philosophy which, I will argue, may be conducive to a reformational understanding of the purpose of education. These themes may provide us with ways of conceptualising various types of spiritual ‘connection’ in school education. The three philosophical themes are: knowledge as the true perception of relations; human beings as creation’s consciousness; and sound morality as arising from true perception. Provided that certain weak points (from a reformational philosophical point of view) are adjusted, these themes can be fruitfully applied to the question of the purpose of education.
Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance: Scope of the Problem
Authors: Fung Jason , Berger Amy
Published: November 2016

No abstract available.
Freight corridor performance measurement system: A framework for South Africa
Authors: Havenga Jan H. , De Bod Anneke
Published: November 2016

Background: On a national level, South Africa’s freight logistics industry is inefficient. The country ranks 36th out of 40 countries in terms of transport productivity (tonne kilometres as a ratio of gross domestic product, or GDP); the ratio of freight logistics costs to GDP measured 11.1% in 2013, compared to that of developed regions which measures in the order of 9%; and rail tonne-km market share on the two most dense long-distance corridors, namely, GautengDurban and Gauteng-Cape Town, is only 12.8% and 4.4%, respectively, whereas rail is globally acknowledged as a more efficient provider of long-distance freight solutions, given appropriate investments and service commitments.Objectives: A cornerstone of improved national freight logistics performance is the availability of reliable indicators to quantify the efficiency and capacity of the logistics network over the intermediate and long term, thereby enabling an evidence-based policy and investment environment. The objective of this article is to describe the foundation framework (i.e. phase 1) for South Africa’s freight corridor performance measurement system (CPMS). Once populated, the CPMS will be a key generator of indicators to facilitate the systemic management of corridors as a national production factor and thereby contributing to South Africa’s competitiveness.Method: The design of South Africa’s CPMS was informed by desktop research and refined through an extensive stakeholder consultation process. A distinction was made between South Africa’s dedicated bulk corridors and the multi-modal corridors.Results: Facilitating both stakeholder involvement and agreement on key indicators, as well as the eventual development of a system supporting the population, aggregation and dissemination of the CPMS are critical outcomes for the management of corridors as a national production factor. Three overarching corridor indicators were defined, relating to increased throughput, lower costs and optimal modal application – the key rationale to improve the competitiveness of South African industry. This is supported by three corridor measurement perspectives, that is, a policy, customer service and infrastructure perspective. The purpose of the policy perspective is to support the role of national government in facilitating logistics competitiveness and equitable access through appropriate policy instruments. The customer service perspective should track service reliability and efficiency as contracted, at costs and cycle times that facilitate the competitiveness of the freight owner. The infrastructure perspective indicates whether sufficient capacity is provided, and whether this capacity is both available when required and utilised optimally.Conclusion: Elevation of logistics to the macroeconomic realm through the development of appropriate indicators will enable the management of logistics as a national production factor, thereby contributing to reducing national freight logistics costs and improving industry competitiveness.
The pattern and correlates of intimate partner violence among women in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Tanimu Tanko S. , Yohanna Stephen , Omeiza Suleiman Y.
Published: November 2016

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been increasingly recognised as a major public health and human rights problem that cuts across all populations, irrespective of social, economic, religious or cultural groups.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, pattern and correlates of IPV among women attending the General Out Patient Clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. It was also designed to determine the pattern of health complications associated with IPV as well as the perception of women on intimate partner violence.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study. Three hundred and ninety-three women aged 15–49 years who were in or had ever been in an intimate relationship were recruited. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data about their socio-demographic characteristics while information on IPV was obtained using the Composite Abuse Scale. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0.Results: The prevalence of IPV within the previous year was 42.0%. Of all the 393 participants recruited in the study, 46.6% had experienced emotional/psychological violence, harassment/controlling behaviour was present in 43.3%, physical violence was reported in 29.0%, sexual violence was present in 21.9% and 37.9% of the participants had experienced severe combined abuse. Being married (χ2 = 24.726, p = 0.000) and pregnancy reduced the risk of IPV (χ2= 6.690, p = 0.030), while polygamous family setting (χ2 = 9.734, p = 0.008) and an extended family type (χ2 = 9.593, p = 0.023) were associated with an increased risk of IPV. Alcohol consumption by the partner (p = 0.000, OR 2.335, CI 1.151–3.230) was found to be a positive correlate as well as a complication of IPV. Other patterns of health complications that were significantly associated with IPV were depression (p = 0.000, OR 3.517, CI 4.061–22.306), miscarriage (p = 0.004, OR 2.080, CI 1.591–2.269) and the presence of physical injuries in the participants (p = 0.024, OR 2.405, CI 2.345–4.234). One hundred and fifty-nine (40.5%) of the participants agreed that a husband is justified for beating or hitting his wife and neglecting the child was the reason given by most of the participants (26.7%) to justify IPV.Conclusion: The high prevalence of IPV among women of reproductive age in this study shows that it is an important problem that women would rather not talk about or have accepted as a norm. It is associated with poor physical and mental health of women who are victims.Recommendation: It is therefore recommended that physicians routinely screen for IPV especially in patients with depressive symptoms, miscarriage and physical injuries. Screening will be a safe and cost-effective means for identifying women experiencing IPV, leading to appropriate interventions that will decrease further exposure to IPV and its adverse health consequences.
Circulating Tumor Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: Clinical Implications in Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Sayed M. , Zahran A.M. , Hassan M.S.F. , Mohamed D.O.
Published: November 2016

Purpose

Despite the therapeutic advances, disease recurrence remains an ever-present threat to the health and well-being of breast cancer survivors. Assessment of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) during and after treatment may be of value in refining treatment.

Methods

Three 5 mL blood samples were taken from each patient: the first, at diagnosis; the second, after completion of neoadjuvant anthracyclin-based chemotherapy; and the third, a month after surgery and completion of adjuvant radiotherapy. The absolute numbers of CTCs were identified as CD45-cytokeratin+ cells. CTCs per 5 mL of blood were determined by recording all events in the whole suspension. CSCs were identified as cytokeratin+CD44+CD24-/CD45- cells. The CSCs were expressed as a percentage of CTCs.

Results

Univariate analysis identified the measurements of baseline CTCs and CSCs, taken after chemotherapy and one month after the cessation of radiotherapy, as prognostic factors for both four-year disease-free survival and four-year overall survival. Multivariable analysis identified the third measurement of CSCs, taken one month after the completion of radiotherapy, as the only independent prognostic factor for the four-year disease-free survival (P < 0.002, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.231, 95% CI 1.077–1.407). The initial CTC measurement was the one factor that reached significance on multivariate analysis (P < 0.03, HR 1.969, 95% CI 1.092–3.551) for the four-year overall survival. Correlation was higher between CTC and CSC counts at diagnosis ( r = 0.654, P < 0.001) than after chemotherapy ( r = 0.317, P < 0.03), because of the more rapid decrease in the mean CTC count with chemotherapy.

Conclusion

The CTC count could be suitable as one of the measures for monitoring response to chemotherapy, while persistence of CSC after cessation of the treatment of nonmetastatic breast cancer, except hormonal therapy when indicated, may be a reason to consider additional therapy in the future. These findings need confirmation in larger randomized trials.
EvalMSA: A Program to Evaluate Multiple Sequence Alignments and Detect Outliers
Authors: Chiner-Oms Alvaro , González-Candelas Fernando
Published: November 2016

We present EvalMSA, a software tool for evaluating and detecting outliers in multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). This tool allows the identification of divergent sequences in MSAs by scoring the contribution of each row in the alignment to its quality using a sum-of-pair-based method and additional analyses. Our main goal is to provide users with objective data in order to take informed decisions about the relevance and/or pertinence of including/retaining a particular sequence in an MSA. EvalMSA is written in standard Perl and also uses some routines from the statistical language R. Therefore, it is necessary to install the R-base package in order to get full functionality. Binary packages are freely available from https://sourceforge.net/projects/evalmsa/ for Linux and Windows.
DNA Methylation of Regulatory Regions of Imprinted Genes at Birth and Its Relation to Infant Temperament
Authors: Fuemmeler Bernard F. , Lee Chien-Ti , Soubry Adelheid , Iversen Edwin S. , Huang Zhiqing , Murtha Amy P. , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Jirtle Randy L. , Murphy Susan K. , Hoyo Cathrine
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND

DNA methylation of the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of imprinted genes is relevant to neurodevelopment.

METHODS

DNA methylation status of the DMRs of nine imprinted genes in umbilical cord blood leukocytes was analyzed in relation to infant behaviors and temperament (n = 158).

RESULTS

MEG3 DMR levels were positively associated with internalizing ( β = 0.15, P = 0.044) and surgency ( β = 0.19, P = 0.018) behaviors, after adjusting for birth weight, gender, gestational age at birth, maternal age at delivery, race/ethnicity, education level, smoking status, parity, and a history of anxiety or depression. Higher methylation levels at the intergenic MEG3-IG methylation regions were associated with surgency ( β = 0.28, P = 0.0003) and PEG3 was positively related to externalizing ( β = 0.20, P = 0.01) and negative affectivity ( β = 0.18, P = 0.02).

CONCLUSION

While the small sample size limits inference, these pilot data support gene-specific associations between epigenetic differences in regulatory regions of imprinted domains at birth and later infant temperament.
Dialogue Categories and Chiralities
Authors: Melliès Paul-André
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we consider a two-sided notion of dialogue category which we call dialogue chirality and which we formulate as an adjunction between a monoidal category

\mathcal A

of proofs and a monoidal category

\mathcal B

of counter-proofs equivalent to its opposite category

\mathcal A^{\mathrm {op}(0,1)}

. The two-sided formulation of dialogue categories is compared to the original one-sided formulation by exhibiting a 2-dimensional equivalence between a 2-category of dialogue categories and a 2-category of dialogue chiralities. The resulting coherence theorem clarifies in what sense every dialogue chirality may be strictified to an equivalent dialogue category.
Формулы объемов расслоенных конических многообразий со сферической геометрией
Authors: Kolpakov Alexander Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2016

Классифицирoваны конические многообразия, носителем которых является трехмерная сфера, а компонентами сингулярного множествa - слои расслоения Зейферта. В терминах конических углов описаны области существования сферической структуры на таких многообразиях и найдены явные аналитические формулы для их объемов.
Библиография: 18 названий.
Бифуркация резонансных колебаний и оптимизация тригонометрического импульса по коэффициенту несимметрии
Authors: Kostin Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: November 2016

Изложена методика приближенного вычисления ветви резонансного колебания при ее бифуркации из точки покоя и оптимизации этой ветви по коэффициенту несимметрии, определяемому как отношение максимального значения амплитуды к минимальному. Установлено, что оптимальные значения базисных амплитуд представляют собой коэффициенты соответствующего ряда Фейера. Получено точное наибольшее значение коэффициента несимметрии.
Библиография: 18 названий.
О единственности рядов по системе Франклина
Authors: Gevorkyan Gegham Grigor'evich
Published: November 2016

Доказаны: а) теорема единственности для всюду сходящихся рядов по системе Франклина; б) теорема единственности для рядов Франклина, которые сходятся по мере, верхняя грань последовательности модулей частичных сумм которых всюду, кроме, быть может, некоторого счетного множества, конечна и коэффициенты удовлетворяют некоторому необходимому условию.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Собственные центральные и ядерные многочлены относительно свободных ассоциативных алгебр с тождеством лиевой нильпотентности степени 5 и 6
Authors: Grishin Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Pchelintsev Sergey Valentinovich
Published: November 2016

Исследуются центры относительно свободной ассоциативной алгебры $F^{(n)}$ с тождеством $[x_1,…,x_n]=0$ лиевой нильпотентности степени $n=5,6$ над полем характеристики 0. Доказано, что ядро $Z^*(F^{(5)})$ алгебры $F^{(5)}$ (сумма всех идеалов алгебры $F^{(5)}$, содержащихся в ее центре) порождается как $\mathrm T$-идеал слабым многочленом Холла $[[x,y]^{2},y]$. Доказано также, что всякий собственный центральный многочлен алгебры $F^{(5)}$ содержится в сумме $\mathrm T$-пространства, порожденного многочленом Холла $[[x,y]^{2}, z]$ и коммутатором $[x_1,…, x_4]$ степени 4, и его ядра $Z^*(F^{(5)})$. Отсюда следует, что центр алгебры $F^{(5)}$ содержится в $\mathrm T$-идеале, порожденном коммутатором степени 4. Для алгебры $F^{(6)}$ получены аналогичные результаты, доказано, в частности, что ядро $Z^{*}(F^{(6)})$ как $\mathrm T$-идеал порождается коммутатором степени 5.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Community-Based Occupational Therapy for Adults With Disabilities
Authors: Wallisch Anna , Dean Evan
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/7/2016

Occupational therapy possesses complementary ideologies similar to community-based settings, yet the profession is not well recognized within community practice. Our study indicates the value of occupational therapy and the multiple roles occupational therapists may serve in community-based settings serving adults with disabilities.

Primary Author and Speaker: Anna Wallisch

Additional Author and Speaker: Evan Dean
Play and Playfulness in Older Children With Visual Impairments: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Ryan-Bloomer Katherine , Detten Lindsey , Mahoney Amber , McCue Alexa , McNamara Kaylin , Gerstenkorn Angela , Bundy Anita
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/7/2016

This study illustrated how older children and adolescents play, perceive their play, and exude playfulness. Occupational therapists may benefit from this information to provide more appropriate intervention to improve play participation in this population.

Primary Author and Speaker: Katherine Ryan-Bloomer

Additional Authors and Speakers: Lindsey Detten, Amber Mahoney, Alexa McCue, Kaylin McNamara, Angela Gerstenkorn

Contributing Author: Anita Bundy
Translation Guidelines for the Role Checklist Version 2: Quality of Performance Feasibility Study in Iceland and China
Authors: Van Antwerp Leah , Crabtree Jeffrey , Scott Patricia , Fenger Kristjana , Haglund Lena , Kuo Fengyi
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/7/2016

Translation guidelines for the Role Checklist Version 2: Quality of Performance are evaluated for feasibility and utility to produce valid translated assessments in Icelandic and Mandarin. Valid translations can reveal important trends in international role participation.

Primary Author and Speaker: Leah Van Antwerp

Additional Authors and Speakers: Jeffrey Crabtree, Patricia Scott

Contributing Authors: Kristjana Fenger, Lena Haglund, Fengyi Kuo