bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Cre Recombinase Mouse Strain for Cell-Specific Deletion of Floxed Genes in Ribbon Synapse-Forming Retinal Neurons
Authors: Suiwal Shweta , Wartenberg Philipp , Boehm Ulrich , Schmitz Frank , Schwarz Karin
Published: February 2024

We generated a novel Cre mouse strain for cell-specific deletion of floxed genes in ribbon synapse-forming retinal neurons. Previous studies have shown that the RIBEYE promotor targets the expression of recombinant proteins such as fluorescently tagged RIBEYE to photoreceptors and retinal bipolar cells and generates fluorescent synaptic ribbons in situ in these neurons. Here, we used the same promotor to generate a novel transgenic mouse strain in which the RIBEYE promotor controls the expression of a Cre-ER(T2) recombinase (RIBEYE-Cre). To visualize Cre expression, the RIBEYE-Cre animals were crossed with ROSA26 tau-GFP (R26-τGFP) reporter mice. In the resulting RIBEYE-Cre/R26 τGFP animals, Cre-mediated removal of a transcriptional STOP cassette results in the expression of green fluorescent tau protein (tau-GFP) that binds to cellular microtubules. We detected robust tau-GFP expression in retinal bipolar cells. Surprisingly, we did not find fluorescent tau-GFP expression in mouse photoreceptors. The lack of tau-GFP reporter protein in these cells could be based on the previously reported absence of tau protein in mouse photoreceptors which could lead to the degradation of the recombinant tau protein. Consistent with this, we detected Cre and tau-GFP mRNA in mouse photoreceptor slices by RT-PCR. The transgenic RIBEYE-Cre mouse strain provides a new tool to study the deletion of floxed genes in ribbon synapse-forming neurons of the retina and will also allow for analyzing gene deletions that are lethal if globally deleted in neurons.
Advancements and Prospects of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in Maize
Authors: Sahito Javed Hussain , Zhang Hao , Gishkori Zeeshan Ghulam Nabi , Ma Chenhui , Wang Zhihao , Ding Dong , Zhang Xuehai , Tang Jihua
Published: February 2024

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have emerged as a powerful tool for unraveling intricate genotype–phenotype association across various species. Maize (Zea mays L.), renowned for its extensive genetic diversity and rapid linkage disequilibrium (LD), stands as an exemplary candidate for GWAS. In maize, GWAS has made significant advancements by pinpointing numerous genetic loci and potential genes associated with complex traits, including responses to both abiotic and biotic stress. These discoveries hold the promise of enhancing adaptability and yield through effective breeding strategies. Nevertheless, the impact of environmental stress on crop growth and yield is evident in various agronomic traits. Therefore, understanding the complex genetic basis of these traits becomes paramount. This review delves into current and future prospectives aimed at yield, quality, and environmental stress resilience in maize and also addresses the challenges encountered during genomic selection and molecular breeding, all facilitated by the utilization of GWAS. Furthermore, the integration of omics, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, and phenomics has enriched our understanding of intricate traits in maize, thereby enhancing environmental stress tolerance and boosting maize production. Collectively, these insights not only advance our understanding of the genetic mechanism regulating complex traits but also propel the utilization of marker-assisted selection in maize molecular breeding programs, where GWAS plays a pivotal role. Therefore, GWAS provides robust support for delving into the genetic mechanism underlying complex traits in maize and enhancing breeding strategies.
Emerging Therapeutic Options in Pancreatic Cancer Management
Authors: Delle Cave Donatella
Published: February 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with a 5-year survival rate of <8% [...]
Tyrosine Sulfation at Antibody Light Chain CDR-1 Increases Binding Affinity and Neutralization Potency to Interleukine-4
Authors: D’Antona Aaron M. , Lee Julie M. , Zhang Melvin , Friedman Clarence , He Tao , Mosyak Lidia , Bennett Eric , Lin Laura , Silverman Maddison , Cometa Funi , Meade Caryl , Hageman Tyler , Sousa Eric , Cohen Justin , Marquette Kimberly , Ferguson Darren , Zhong Xiaotian
Published: February 2024

Structure and function of therapeutic antibodies can be modulated by a variety of post-translational modifications (PTM). Tyrosine (Tyr) sulfation is a type of negatively charged PTM that occurs during protein trafficking through the Golgi. In this study, we discovered that an anti-interleukin (IL)-4 human IgG1, produced by transiently transfected HEK293 cells, contained a fraction of unusual negatively charged species. Interestingly, the isolated acidic species exhibited a two-fold higher affinity to IL-4 and a nearly four-fold higher potency compared to the main species. Mass spectrometry (MS) showed the isolated acidic species possessed an +80-Dalton from the expected mass, suggesting an occurrence of Tyr sulfation. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show the ability to control the acidic species during transient expression with the addition of Tyr sulfation inhibitor sodium chlorate or, conversely, enriched the acidic species from 30% to 92% of the total antibody protein when the IL-4 IgG was co-transfected with tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase genes. Further MS and mutagenesis analysis identified a Tyr residue at the light chain complementarity-determining region-1 (CDRL-1), which was sulfated specifically. These results together have demonstrated for the first time that Tyr sulfation at CDRL-1 could modulate antibody binding affinity and potency to a human immune cytokine.
Pantoea agglomerans Lipopolysaccharide Controls Nasal Discomfort—A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Comparison Trial
Authors: Kohchi Chie , Uehiro Miyuki , Fukaya Taisuke , Watanabe Norikazu , Inagawa Hiroyuki , Soma Gen-Ichiro
Published: February 2024

The present study examined the effects of foods containing lipopolysaccharides from Pantoea agglomerans (LPSp) on eye–nose allergic symptoms using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group comparative research design. Sixty-three Japanese individuals aged 20–65 years with eye–nose allergic symptoms were included in this study and assigned to the LPS (480 μg/day)-containing food and placebo groups. Data on the subjective eye–nose allergic symptoms and antiallergic medication during the 8-week period were evaluated. The immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil counts were measured as indicators that may be correlated with allergy. No significant group differences were found in the change in eye–nose allergic symptoms from baseline. However, the LPS group showed a significantly shorter duration of antiallergic medication use and lower total antiallergic drug score than the placebo group. The corrected nasal allergy score calculated by taking into account the antiallergic drug score at week 8 was predominantly lower in the LPS group. The IgE to house dust and cedar pollen and eosinophil counts tended to be lower in the LPS group, and the total IgE and eosinophil counts were significantly lower in the LPS group at week 4. In conclusion, our results indicate that LPS-containing foods alleviate eye–nose allergic symptoms and consequently lower the use of antiallergic drugs (UMIN000049974).
Genetic Diversity and DNA Barcoding of Thrips in Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun Mst. Fatema , Hwang Hwal-Su , Kang Jeong-Hun , Lee Kyeong-Yeoll , Kil Eui-Joon
Published: February 2024

Thrips are economically important pests, and some species transmit plant viruses that are widely distributed and can damage vegetables and cash crops. Although few studies on thrips species have been conducted in Bangladesh, the variation and genetic diversity of thrips species remain unknown. In this study, we collected thrips samples from 16 geographical locations throughout the country and determined the nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mtCOI) gene in 207 thrips individuals. Phylogenetic analysis revealed ten genera (Thrips, Haplothrips, Megalothrips, Scirtothrips, Frankliniella, Dendrothripoides, Astrothrips, Microcephalothrips, Ayyaria, and Bathrips) and 19 species of thrips to inhabit Bangladesh. Among these, ten species had not been previously reported in Bangladesh. Intraspecific genetic variation was diverse for each species. Notably, Thrips palmi was the most genetically diverse species, containing 14 haplotypes. The Mantel test revealed no correlation between genetic and geographical distances. This study revealed that thrips species are expanding their host ranges and geographical distributions, which provides valuable insights into monitoring the diversity of and control strategies for these pests.
Monitoring of Fabric Integrity and Attrition Rate of Dual-Active Ingredient Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study Nested in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Martin Jackline , Lukole Eliud , Messenger Louisa A. , Aziz Tatu , Mallya Elizabeth , Bernard Edmond , Matowo Nancy S. , Mosha Jacklin F. , Rowland Mark , Mosha Franklin W. , Manjurano Alphaxard , Protopopoff Natacha
Published: February 2024

Pyrethroid-treated long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been the main contributor to the reduction in malaria in the past two decades in sub-Saharan Africa. The development of pyrethroid insecticide resistance threatens the future of LLINs, especially when nets become holed and pyrethroid decays. In this study, three new classes of dual-active ingredient (AI) LLINs were evaluated for their physical durability: (1) Royal Guard, combining pyriproxyfen, which disrupts female fertility, and a pyrethroid, alpha-cypermethrin; (2) Interceptor G2, which combines the pyrrole chlorfenapyr and a pyrethroid (alpha-cypermethrin); (3) Olyset Plus, which incorporates the pyrethroid permethrin and the synergist piperonyl butoxide, to enhance the pyrethroid potency; and Interceptor, a reference net that contains alpha-cypermethrin as the sole active ingredient. About 40,000 nets of each type were distributed in February 2019 to different villages in Misungwi. A total of 3072 LLINs were followed up every 6–12 months up to 36 months to assess survivorship and fabric integrity. The median functional survival was less than three years with Interceptor, Interceptor G2, and Royal Guard showing 1.9 years each and Olyset Plus showing 0.9 years. After 36 months, 90% of Olyset Plus and Royal Guard and 87% of Interceptor G2 were no longer in use (discarded) due to wear and tear, compared to 79% for Interceptor. All dual-AI LLINs exhibited poor textile durability, with Olyset Plus being the worst.
The Molecular and Functional Characterization of Sensory Neuron Membrane Protein 1b (SNMP1b) from Cyrtotrachelus buqueti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Yang Hua , Liu Long , Wang Fan , Yang Wei , Huang Qiong , Wang Nanxi , Hu Hongling
Published: February 2024

Sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) play important roles in insect chemoreception and SNMP1s have been reported to be essential in detecting sex pheromones in Drosophila and some lepidopteran species. However, SNMPs for Cyrtotrachelus buqueti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a major insect pest of bamboo plantations, remain uncharacterized. In this study, a novel SNMP gene, CbuqSNMP1b, from C. buqueti was functionally characterized. The expression of CbuqSNMP1b was significantly higher in antennae than in other tissues of both sexes and the expression level was significantly male-biased. Additionally, CbuqSNMP1b showed significantly higher transcription levels in the adult stage and very low transcription levels in other stages, suggesting that CbuqSNMP1b is involved in the process of olfaction. Fluorescence binding assays indicated that CbuqSNMP1b displayed the strongest binding affinity to dibutyl phthalate (Ki = 9.03 μM) followed by benzothiazole (Ki = 11.59 μM) and phenol (Ki = 20.95 μM) among fourteen C. buqueti volatiles. Furthermore, molecular docking revealed key residues in CbuqSNMP1b that interact with dibutyl phthalate, benzothiazole, and phenol. In conclusion, these findings will lay a foundation to further understand the olfactory mechanisms of C. buqueti and promote the development of novel methods for controlling this pest.
The Inclusion of Underrepresented Populations in Cardiovascular Genetics and Epidemiology
Authors: Chappell Elias , Arbour Laura , Laksman Zachary
Published: February 2024

Novel genetic risk markers have helped us to advance the field of cardiovascular epidemiology and refine our current understanding and risk stratification paradigms. The discovery and analysis of variants can help us to tailor prognostication and management. However, populations underrepresented in cardiovascular epidemiology and cardiogenetics research may experience inequities in care if prediction tools are not applicable to them clinically. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to outline the barriers that underrepresented populations can face in participating in genetics research, to describe the current efforts to diversify cardiogenetics research, and to outline strategies that researchers in cardiovascular epidemiology can implement to include underrepresented populations. Mistrust, a lack of diverse research teams, the improper use of sensitive biodata, and the constraints of genetic analyses are all barriers for including diverse populations in genetics studies. The current work is beginning to address the paucity of ethnically diverse genetics research and has already begun to shed light on the potential benefits of including underrepresented and diverse populations. Reducing barriers for individuals, utilizing community-driven research processes, adopting novel recruitment strategies, and pushing for organizational support for diverse genetics research are key steps that clinicians and researchers can take to develop equitable risk stratification tools and improve patient care.
Analysis of Clinical Pattern of Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Cervical and Cervico—Thoracic Regions of the Spine
Authors: Figas Gabriela , Kostka Joanna , Pikala Małgorzata , Kujawa Jolanta Ewa , Adamczewski Tomasz
Published: February 2024

Background: Cervical spine disorders (CSDs) are a common cause of neck pain. Proper diagnosis is of great importance in planning the management of a patient with neck pain. Hence, the aim of this study is to provide an overview of the clinical pattern of early-stage functional disorders affecting the cervical and cervico-thoracic regions of the spine, considering the age and sex of the subjects. Methods: Two hundred adult volunteers were included in the study. Manual examination of segments C0/C1-Th3/Th4 was performed according to the methodology of the Katenborn–Evjenth manual therapy concept and the spine curvatures were assessed (cervical lordosis and thoracic kyphosis). Results: The most common restricted movement was lateral flexion to the left, and the least disturbed movement were observed in the sagittal plane (flexion and extension). The most affected segment was C7/Th1 (71.5% participants had problems in this segment), and the least affected segment was Th3/Th4 (69.5% participants had no mobility disorders in this segment). The number of disturbed segments did not differ between men and women (p > 0.05), but increased with age (r = 0.14, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Cervical mobility in adult population is frequently restricted. The number of affected segments increased with age and was not sex-dependent.
Method Comparison of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Automated Systems, the VES-MATIC 5 (DIESSE) and Test 1 (ALIFAX), with the Reference Method in Routine Practice
Authors: Cennamo Michele , Giuliano Loredana , Arrigoni Gloria , Fardone Valentina , Russo Roberta , De Tomasi Luca Maria , Bertani Fabio , Cammarota Gaetano , Brunetti Giovanni , Del Vecchio Lucia , Partenope Michelarcangelo
Published: February 2024

Background: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a routine and aspecific test that is still widely used. The reference-manual method for ESR determination is the Westergren method. The VES-MATIC 5 is a novel, fully automated, and closed system based on a modified Westergren method. This study conceived the aim of comparing two ESR analytical analysers, Test 1 and the VES-MATIC 5, with the reference method in routine practice. Methods: This study included 264 randomly analysed samples. A comparison between the two methods and Westergren was performed, and they were evaluated for inter-run and intra-run precision. In addition, we investigated possible interferences and different sensitivities to conventional analytes. Results: The comparison of methods by Passing–Bablok analysis provided a good agreement for both systems, with a better correlation for VES-MATIC 5 (p = 0.96) than Test 1 (p = 0.93), and sensitivity studies did not show any significant influence. Conclusions: The VES-MATIC 5 analyser demonstrated excellent comparability with the reference method, and it had better performance than Test 1. It can be employed in routine practice, bringing advantages such as a reduction in the probability of human error compared to the manual method, as well as an increase in operator safety and environmental protection.
The Relationship between Kinesiophobia, Emotional State, Functional State and Chronic Pain in Subjects with/without Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Marciniak Tomasz , Kruk-Majtyka Weronika , Bobowik Patrycja , Marszałek Sławomir
Published: February 2024

Although there is growing evidence that kinesiophobia is correlated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), its relationship with other characteristic TMD comorbidities, such as depression, anxiety, functional limitations, and pain in the TMD population, has rarely been investigated. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between kinesiophobia, emotional state, functional state and chronic pain in subjects both with and without TMD. A total of 94 subjects participated in the study and were divided into two groups (47 subjects each)—TMD (subjects with temporomandibular disorders) and nTMD (asymptomatic controls)—on the basis of the RDC/TMD protocol. All measurements were taken with self-administered questionnaires: TSK-TMD for kinesiophobia, PHQ-9 and GAD-7 for psychoemotional state, JFLS-20 for jaw functional limitations, and GCPS for chronic pain. The prevalence of kinesiophobia in the TMD group was 38.3% for moderate risk, and 61.7% for high risk. The TMD group showed significantly higher scores in all categories (kinesiophobia, depression, jaw functional limitations and chronic pain), with the exception of anxiety which was right at the cut-off point. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between kinesiophobia (TSK-TMD) and jaw functional limitations (JFLS-20). Results of this study could provide new insight into the relationship between kinesiophobia and TMD, further improving the diagnosis process.
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps Associated with Expanded Types of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Martin-Jimenez Daniel , Moreno-Luna Ramon , Callejon-Leblic Amparo , del Cuvillo Alfonso , Ebert Charles S. , Maza-Solano Juan , Gonzalez-Garcia Jaime , Infante-Cossio Pedro , Sanchez-Gomez Serafin
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: Surgical criteria for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remain unresolved. This study addresses these discrepancies by comparing the clinical outcomes of expanded–functional endoscopic sinus surgeries (E–FESS) with more-limited FESS (L-FESS). (2) Methods: A database was analyzed retrospectively to compare surgical outcomes in CRSwNP patients who underwent E-FESS versus those subjected to L-FESS. Quality of life, endoscopic and radiological outcomes were compared at the baseline and two years after surgery. The clinical status of the responder was defined when a minimal clinically important difference of 12 points in SNOT-22 change was achieved. (3) Results: A total of 274 patients met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed; 111 underwent E-FESS and 163 were subjected to L-FESS. Both groups exhibited significant clinical improvements, although a greater magnitude of change in SNOT-22 (14.8 ± 4.8, p = 0.002) was shown after E-FESS. Higher significant improvements for endoscopic and radiological scores and lower surgical revision rates were also noted in the E-FESS group. (4) Conclusions: E-FESS provides better clinical outcomes and reduced revision surgery rates when compared to L-FESS in CRSwNP patients two years after surgery, irrespective of any comorbidity. Further randomized prospective studies are needed to comprehensively contrast these results.
Fretting and Fretting Corrosion Behavior of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-Nb-Zr Alloys in Air and Physiological Solutions
Authors: Mace Annsley O. , Kurtz Michael A. , Gilbert Jeremy L.
Published: February 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) of orthopedic implants has increased in recent years, providing benefits to surgeons, patients, and implant companies. Both traditional and new titanium alloys are under consideration for AM-manufactured implants. However, concerns remain about their wear and corrosion (tribocorrosion) performance. In this study, the effects of fretting corrosion were investigated on AM Ti-29Nb-21Zr (pre-alloyed and admixed) and AM Ti-6Al-4V with 1% nano yttria-stabilized zirconia (nYSZ). Low cycle (100 cycles, 3 Hz, 100 mN) fretting and fretting corrosion (potentiostatic, 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl) methods were used to compare these AM alloys to traditionally manufactured AM Ti-6Al-4V. Alloy and admixture surfaces were subjected to (1) fretting in the air (i.e., small-scale reciprocal sliding) and (2) fretting corrosion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) using a single diamond asperity (17 µm radius). Wear track depth measurements, fretting currents and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis of oxide debris revealed that pre-alloyed AM Ti-29Nb-21Zr generally had greater wear depths after 100 cycles (4.67 +/− 0.55 µm dry and 5.78 +/− 0.83 µm in solution) and higher fretting currents (0.58 +/− 0.07 µA). A correlation (R2 = 0.67) was found between wear depth and the average fretting currents with different alloys located in different regions of the relationship. No statistically significant differences were observed in wear depth between in-air and in-PBS tests. However, significantly higher amounts of oxygen (measured by oxygen weight % by EDS analysis of the debris) were embedded within the wear track for tests performed in PBS compared to air for all samples except the ad-mixed Ti-29Nb-21Zr (p = 0.21). For traditional and AM Ti-6Al-4V, the wear track depths (dry fretting: 2.90 +/− 0.32 µm vs. 2.51 +/− 0.51 μm, respectively; fretting corrosion: 2.09 +/− 0.59 μm vs. 1.16 +/− 0.79 μm, respectively) and fretting current measurements (0.37 +/− 0.05 μA vs. 0.34 +/− 0.05 μA, respectively) showed no significant differences. The dominant wear deformation process was plastic deformation followed by cyclic extrusion of plate-like wear debris at the end of the stroke, resulting in ribbon-like extruded material for all alloys. While previous work documented improved corrosion resistance of Ti-29Nb-21Zr in simulated inflammatory solutions over Ti-6Al-4V, this work does not show similar improvements in the relative fretting corrosion resistance of these alloys compared to Ti-6Al-4V.
A Low-Power, 65 nm 24.6-to-30.1 GHz Trusted LC Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Achieving 191.7 dBc/Hz FoM at 1 MHz
Authors: Kurtoglu Abdullah , Shirazi Amir H. M. , Mirabbasi Shahriar , Miri Lavasani Hossein
Published: February 2024

This work presents a novel trusted LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with an embedded compact analog Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) used for authentication. The trusted VCO is implemented in a 1P9M 65 nm standard CMOS process and consumes 1.75 mW. It exhibits a measured phase noise (PN) of −104.8 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz and −132.2 dBc/Hz @ 10 MHz offset, resulting in Figures of Merit (FoMs) of 191.7 dBc/Hz and 199.1 dBc/Hz, respectively. With the measured frequency tuning range (TR) of ~5.5 GHz, the FoM with tuning (FoMT) reaches 197.6 dBc/Hz and 205.0 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz and 10 MHz offset, respectively. The analog PUF consists of CMOS cross-coupled pairs in the main VCO to change analog characteristics. Benefiting from the impedance change and parasitic capacitance of the cross-coupled pairs, the AC and DC responses of the VCO are utilized for multiple responses for each input. The PUF consumes 0.83 pJ/bit when operating at 1.5 Gbps. The proposed PUF exhibits a measured Inter-Hamming Distance (HD) of 0.5058b and 0.4978b, with Intra-HD reaching 0.0055b and 0.0053b for the current consumption and fosc, respectively. The autocorrelation function (ACF) of 0.0111 and 0.0110 is obtained for the current consumption and fosc, respectively, at a 95% confidence level.
Research on Speed Cooperative Control Strategy for Rudderless Dual-PMSM Propulsion Ships
Authors: Zhou Ziqi , Geng Pan , Cao Wei , Xu Xiaoyan
Published: February 2024

In the navigation of rudderless dual-motor propulsion ships, it is often necessary for the dual motor to run stably at different given speeds. However, the existing coupling strategies cannot achieve precise cooperative control of the dual motor under different given commands. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a variable error difference compensation-coupling control (VEDC-CC) strategy. Simultaneously, a coupling compensation coefficient determination method based on the self-error difference of the dual motor was introduced. The VEDC-CC utilizes the self-error difference of the dual motor as the input for the coupling compensation controller, which enables the mutual coupling of self-errors, and effectively improves the cooperative controlling performance under different given commands. Moreover, the employed variable compensation coefficient determination method enhances the disturbance coupling performance and the response speed of the system. In this study, we analyzed the different navigation conditions and dual-propeller load characteristics of a rudderless dual-motor propulsion ship. Taking a rudderless dual-motor propulsion ship designed based on the cruise ship “Feng Hua Xue Yue” as the object, the VEDC-CC strategy was validated through simulation tests, considering the propeller load characteristics and actual operating conditions. The experimental results demonstrated that the VEDC-CC strategy could meet the practical control needs of the target ship.
Seasonal Shift of Storm Surges in the Yangtze Estuary, China
Authors: Yin Chengtuan , Zhang Weisheng , Xiong Mengjie , Wang Jinhua , Xu Xin , Zhang Jinshan , Pan Junning , Guo Jinlan
Published: February 2024

This study explores storm floods in the Yangtze Estuary to investigate how extreme sea levels and storm surges change in the context of global warming. Previous studies focused on the long-term variations in amplitude or frequency of storm surges, with limited research conducted on the timing of extreme storm surge events. Based on the methods of non-stationary extreme value theory, we explored the last 33-year tidal levels at Xuliujing Station and found that the annual extreme water level has exhibited a slight downward trend, which is directly attributed to the decrease in mean sea level resulting from reduced upstream river flow. The storm surge season of the Yangtze Estuary experienced a significant lag in the period 2005–2018, which is not restricted to the Yangtze Estuary but is rather a large-scale climate characteristic of a broad oceanic region. The reason for this shift is the sustained increase in the intensity of the western Pacific subtropical high in the last 15 years, leading to the appearance of low-pressure channels in the East China Sea in September and October and thus causing more typhoons to enter the East China Sea during the later period of the storm surge season.
Deep-Towed Array Geometry Inversion Based on an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Luo Xiaohu , Liu Kai , Pei Yanliang , Liu Chenguang , Li Xishuang , Xiao Yibao
Published: February 2024

When marine deep-towed multichannel seismic data are processed, the description of the receiving array geometry significantly impacts the quality of the imaging profile. Therefore, achieving a highly precise description of the receiving array geometry is very important for the fine imaging of such data. While basic particle swarm optimization (PSO) is known for its ease of implementation and efficiency, it often exhibits a low convergence accuracy. Consequently, the PSO algorithm is improved by modifying the inertia weight and incorporating Gaussian mutation. In combination with the actual motion of the towing streamer during surveys, a strategy for inheriting particle positions is introduced. When each seismic shot is solved sequentially, the results from the previous shot can serve as the initial particle positions for the next shot. The results indicate that this strategy achieves superior fitness values and outperforms the basic PSO algorithm. This method exhibits simplicity, rapid optimization, and a favorable solution quality, thereby offering a valuable approach to deep-towed array geometry inversion. It enhances the efficiency of deep-towed seismic data processing and serves as a reference for similar applications.
Galleria mellonella Model of Coccidioidomycosis for Drug Susceptibility Tests and Virulence Factor Identification
Authors: Mendoza Barker Matthew , Saeger Sarah , Campuzano Althea , Yu Jieh-Juen , Hung Chiung-Yu
Published: February 2024

Coccidioidomycosis (CM) can manifest as respiratory and disseminated diseases that are caused by dimorphic fungal pathogens, such as Coccidioides species. The inhaled arthroconidia generated during the saprobic growth phase convert into multinucleated spherules in the lungs to complete the parasitic lifecycle. Research on coccidioidal virulence and pathogenesis primarily employs murine models typically associated with low lethal doses (LD100 < 100 spores). However, the Galleria model has recently garnered attention due to its immune system bearing both structural and functional similarities to the innate system of mammals. Our findings indicate that Coccidioides posadasii can convert and complete the parasitic cycle within the hemocoel of the Galleria larva. In Galleria, the LD100 is between 0.5 and 1.0 × 106 viable spores for the clinical isolate Coccidioides posadasii C735. Furthermore, we demonstrated the suitability of this model for in vivo antifungal susceptibility tests to validate the bioreactivity of newly discovered antifungals against Coccidioides. Additionally, we utilized this larva model to screen a Coccidioides posadasii mutant library showing attenuated virulence. Similarly, the identified attenuated coccidioidal mutants displayed a loss of virulence in a commonly used murine model of coccidioidomycosis. In this study, we demonstrated that Galleria larvae can be applied as a model for studying Coccidioides infection.
Analysis of the Technical Accuracy of a Patient-Specific Stereotaxy Platform for Brain Biopsy
Authors: Müller Marcel , Winkler Dirk , Möbius Robert , Werner Michael , Drossel Welf-Guntram , Güresir Erdem , Grunert Ronny
Published: February 2024

The use of stereotactic frames is a common practice in neurosurgical interventions such as brain biopsy and deep brain stimulation. However, conventional stereotactic frames have been shown to require modification and adaptation regarding patient and surgeon comfort as well as the increasing demand for individualized medical treatment. To meet these requirements for carrying out state-of-the-art neurosurgery, a 3D print-based, patient-specific stereotactic system was developed and examined for technical accuracy. Sixteen patient-specific frames, each with two target points, were additively manufactured from PA12 using the Multi Jet Fusion process. The 32 target points aim to maximize the variability of biopsy targets and depths for tissue sample retrieval in the brain. Following manufacturing, the frames were measured three-dimensionally using an optical scanner. The frames underwent an autoclave sterilization process prior to rescanning. The scan-generated models were compared with the planned CAD models and the deviation of the planned target points in the XY-plane, Z-direction and in the resulting direction were determined. Significantly lower (p < 0.01) deviations were observed when comparing CAD vs. print and print vs. sterile in the Z-direction (0.17 mm and 0.06 mm, respectively) than in the XY-plane (0.46 mm and 0.16 mm, respectively). The resulting target point deviation (0.51 mm) and the XY-plane (0.46 mm) are significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the CAD vs. print comparison than in the print vs. sterile comparison (0.18 mm and 0.16 mm, respectively). On average, the results from the 32 target positions examined exceeded the clinically required accuracy for a brain biopsy (2 mm) by more than four times. The patient-specific stereotaxic frames meet the requirements of modern neurosurgical navigation and make no compromises when it comes to accuracy. In addition, the material is suitable for autoclave sterilization due to resistance to distortion.
Service-Aware Hierarchical Fog–Cloud Resource Mappingfor e-Health with Enhanced-Kernel SVM
Authors: AlZailaa Alaa , Chi Hao Ran , Radwan Ayman , Aguiar Rui L.
Published: February 2024

Fog–cloud-based hierarchical task-scheduling methods are embracing significant challenges to support e-Health applications due to the large number of users, high task diversity, and harsher service-level requirements. Addressing the challenges of fog–cloud integration, this paper proposes a new service/network-aware fog–cloud hierarchical resource-mapping scheme, which achieves optimized resource utilization efficiency and minimized latency for service-level critical tasks in e-Health applications. Concretely, we develop a service/network-aware task classification algorithm. We adopt support vector machine as a backbone with fast computational speed to support real-time task scheduling, and we develop a new kernel, fusing convolution, cross-correlation, and auto-correlation, to gain enhanced specificity and sensitivity. Based on task classification, we propose task priority assignment and resource-mapping algorithms, which aim to achieve minimized overall latency for critical tasks and improve resource utilization efficiency. Simulation results showcase that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve average execution times for critical/non-critical tasks of 0.23/0.50 ms in diverse networking setups, which surpass the benchmark scheme by 73.88%/52.01%, respectively.
Fast Multi-User Searchable Encryption with Forward and Backward Private Access Control
Authors: Bulbul Salim Sabah , Abduljabbar Zaid Ameen , Najem Duaa Fadhel , Nyangaresi Vincent Omollo , Ma Junchao , Aldarwish Abdulla J. Y.
Published: February 2024

Untrusted servers are servers or storage entities lacking complete trust from the data owner or users. This characterization implies that the server hosting encrypted data may not enjoy full trust from data owners or users, stemming from apprehensions related to potential security breaches, unauthorized access, or other security risks. The security of searchable encryption has been put into question by several recent attacks. Currently, users can search for encrypted documents on untrusted cloud servers using searchable symmetric encryption (SSE). This study delves deeply into two pivotal concepts of privacy within dynamic searchable symmetric encryption (DSSE) schemes: forward privacy and backward privacy. The former serves as a safeguard against the linkage of recently added documents to previously conducted search queries, whereas the latter guarantees the irretrievability of deleted documents in subsequent search inquiries. However, the provision of fine-grained access control is complex in existing multi-user SSE schemes. SSE schemes may also incur high computation costs due to the need for fine-grained access control, and it is essential to support document updates and forward privacy. In response to these issues, this paper suggests a searchable encryption scheme that uses simple primitive tools. We present a multi-user SSE scheme that efficiently controls access to dynamically encrypted documents to resolve these issues, using an innovative approach that readily enhances previous findings. Rather than employing asymmetric encryption as in comparable systems, we harness low-complexity primitive encryption tools and inverted index-based DSSE to handle retrieving encrypted files, resulting in a notably faster system. Furthermore, we ensure heightened security by refreshing the encryption key after each search, meaning that users are unable to conduct subsequent searches with the same key and must obtain a fresh key from the data owner. An experimental evaluation shows that our scheme achieves forward and Type II backward privacy and has much faster search performance than other schemes. Our scheme can be considered secure, as proven in a random oracle model.
Combined Effects of Meteorological Factors, Terrain, and Greenhouse Gases on Vegetation Phenology in Arid Areas of Central Asia from 1982 to 2021
Authors: Tian Ruikang , Liu Liang , Zheng Jianghua , Li Jianhao , Han Wanqiang , Liu Yujia
Published: February 2024

Spatiotemporal variations in Central Asian vegetation phenology provide insights into arid ecosystem behavior and its response to environmental cues. Nevertheless, comprehensive research on the integrated impact of meteorological factors (temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, saturation vapor pressure deficit), topography (slope, aspect, elevation), and greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide) on the phenology of Central Asian vegetation remains insufficient. Utilizing methods such as partial correlation and structural equation modeling, this study delves into the direct and indirect influences of climate, topography, and greenhouse gases on the phenology of vegetation. The results reveal that the start of the season decreased by 0.239 days annually, the length of the season increased by 0.044 days annually, and the end of the season decreased by 0.125 days annually from 1982 to 2021 in the arid regions of Central Asia. Compared with topography and greenhouse gases, meteorological factors are the dominant environmental factors affecting interannual phenological changes. Temperature and vapor pressure deficits (VPD) have become the principal meteorological elements influencing interannual dynamic changes in vegetation phenology. Elevation and slope primarily regulate phenological variation by influencing the VPD and soil moisture, whereas aspect mainly affects the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation phenology by influencing precipitation and temperature. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of how various environmental factors collectively influence the phenology of vegetation, thereby fostering a more profound exploration of the intricate response relationships of terrestrial ecosystems to environmental changes.
Remote Sensing and Field Measurements for the Analysis of the Thermal Environment in the “Bosco Verticale” Area in Milan City
Authors: Kalogeropoulos Georgios , Tzortzi Julia , Dimoudi Argiro
Published: February 2024

The trend of urbanization nowadays has caused serious issues related to climate. One of the most important ones is that of the ‘Urban Heat Island (UHI)’ and it occurs in major cities throughout the world. The most important categories, and therefore the most studied ones, are the canopy urban heat island (CUHI) and surface heat island (SUHI). The aim and the novelty of the current study was to assess different remote sensing approaches to detect the thermal environment of an open area inside a large city. The study was undertaken in an urban area with green spaces, in the Bosco Verticale area in the city of Milan, during the spring and summer period of 2021. The area is characterized by different types of cover materials, which were investigated in terms of surface temperature under shaded and non-shaded conditions. Both field measurements and remote sensing techniques were applied. Remote sensing techniques included downscaling techniques and the usage of different split-window algorithms applied on the Landsat8 satellite sensor data. The land surface temperature (LST) extracted from remote sensing methods was compared with the surface temperature derived from in situ measurements. For the needs of the study, both in situ measurements and the collection of meteorological data from different fixed meteorological stations throughout the city of Milan were carried out. The results revealed the significance of greenery presence inside the urban environment, as a comparison of the meteorological data across the urban area of Milan showed that the areas with a low presence of greenery were found to be warmer than those with a higher presence of green elements. Concerning the field measurements in the study area, the results showed a significant reduction in both surface and air temperature in shaded places. On the other hand, the presence of conventional artificial materials in sunny areas led to relatively high values of both surface and air temperature. The downscaling method showed satisfying results in terms of average LST values; however, some discrepancies appeared in terms of the RMSE index. The application of split-window algorithms has shown that some forms of the ‘Generalized split-window algorithm’ and some forms of the ‘Jimenez-Munoz algorithm’ presented better performance among the studied algorithms. Comparing the LST values derived from the most representative algorithm, the ‘Du, Wan algorithm’, with those derived from downscaling methods, it was found to be quite close. However, under shaded conditions, the results derived from the ‘Split-window algorithm’ were found to be more precise. The application of remote sensing techniques in microscale in urban regions should be further studied in future, as they could be an essential tool for observing microclimatic conditions in urban areas and on building scale.
Return-Migrant Urbanisation in Inland China: The Case of Hubei Province
Authors: Yu Le , Li Zhigang , Liu Da
Published: February 2024

Since China entered the 21st century, a phenomenon of return migrants moving back from urban to rural areas has been noted, especially in central regions such as Hubei Province. Despite its significance, this phenomenon remains inadequately understood. Employing ethnographic research methods, we conducted multiple rounds of fieldwork in Guangzhou, Wuhan, and three of Wuhan’s neighbouring county-level cities—Hanchuan, Xiantao, and Tianmen—where rising garment industrial enclaves and return migration have been observed. Our findings reveal that the pro-growth policies of megacities like Wuhan and Guangzhou, aimed at industrial transformation while eliminating ‘low-end’ manufacturing, have forced migrants to leave large cities. Among these individuals, return-migrant entrepreneurs (RMEs), comprising entrepreneurs and family workshop owners, have had a profound impact on advancing county urbanisation in Hubei Province. Specifically, we identified three features for return-migrant urbanisation. First, entrepreneurs took their return as an opportunity to expand and promote their businesses, thereby fostering industrialisation in Hanchuan. Second, local state activities in Xiantao, encompassing the construction of highways, logistics systems, and other facilities, coupled with institutionalised arrangements, triggered return migration and township urbanisation. Third, households and individuals with entrepreneurship dominated the development of the informal workshop industry in Tianmen. Overall, our study contributes to the nuanced understanding of new types of urbanisation in China.
The Lawn as a Social and Cultural Phenomenon in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Ignatieva Maria , Hughes Michael , Chaudhary Ashok Kumar , Mofrad Fahimeh
Published: February 2024

Lawns, introduced in Australia through English colonial heritage, dominate public spaces in cities, serving various ecosystem functions. Australian lawns consist of non-native grasses that differ from native original vegetation and require intensive management and maintenance. This study explores public perspectives on urban lawns in Perth, Western Australia, an area largely overlooked in ecological and social research in the context of Australia compared to Europe and North America. This paper presents empirical research on public perceptions of urban lawns and alternatives in Perth, Western Australia. The study explores social values and preferences regarding traditional lawns and new options, considering visual appearance, uses, and maintenance. Findings from an online questionnaire, involving 171 respondents, identified seven categories based on a content analysis of lawn definitions: flat area; ground covered by grass; maintained; non-native vegetation; open space; recreational space; and turf grass. The results revealed that respondents most value lawns for aesthetics, cooling and recreation (exercises, walking pets, as a transit area, passive recreation, and social gatherings). At the same time, participants demonstrated an environmental awareness of lawns and the necessity of revisiting the existing planning and maintenance routine based on irrigation and intensive mowing by considering several alternative solutions. While valuing new solutions such as Scaevola patches in dedicated areas and “weedy lawns”, participants still preferred alternatives closest in appearance to a conventional lawn (e.g., lawn grass with Dichondra and lawn grass with clover). The study emphasizes the need for a ‘blended model’ of urban lawns, combining durability with heat-resistant, biodiverse vegetation to address social values and environmental concerns.