bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La formación integral de los estudiantes de Nutrición a partir de extensión universitaria en el medio rural
Authors: Cauci Adriana , Muniz Florencia , Risso Fernanda
Published: December 2020

El equipo interdisciplinario de Nutrición, Veterinaria y Psicología de la Universidad de la República, Uruguay, desarrolla Espacios de Formación Integral desde 2012 en los que participan estudiantes, familias productoras y escuelas rurales. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo rescatar los aportes que estos Espacios vinculados al medio rural realizan a la formación de los Licenciados en Nutrición tomando el período desde su creación hasta 2019. Los Espacios son dispositivos que apuntan a favorecer la articulación de enseñanza, extensión e investigación en el proceso formativo de los estudiantes, promueven el pensamiento crítico y propositivo, y la autonomía de los sujetos involucrados. Para dar cuenta de ello, identificaremos la relevancia de la formación disciplinar para luego consolidarla en el encuentro con otras disciplinas y saberes. La importancia del análisis de la situación alimentaria nutricional desde una visión integral y los marcos conceptuales de seguridad y soberanía alimentaria necesarios para comprender la complejidad de los problemas a nivel poblacional, con acciones integrales para su resolución y el alcance del derecho a la alimentación adecuada.
Herramientas jurídicas previstas en el CCCN para las Sociedades de Familia. Autonomía de la Voluntad y la Causa Fin para prevención de conflictos
Authors: Gómez Bausela Maria Silvia
Published: December 2020

La expresión de la Causa Fin conforme a la redacción del art. 281 del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación es una herramienta para la prevención de conflictosen sociedades de familia. A cinco años de la puesta en vigencia del CCCN entiendo que la expresión de la Causa Fin continúa siendo una materia inexplorada.La expresión de la Causa Fin en estatutos o contratos sociales constituye una manifestación más de la autonomía de la voluntad que tiene cabida aún en la aparente estrictez de la LGS . Su inclusión, como la de diversas cláusulas propias de la autonomía de la voluntad, son sencillamente incorporadas en las SAS reguladas en la LACE ya que la estructura de esta ley exhibe a la autonomía de la voluntad como un pilar fundante.
Incidencias del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación en las acciones de respons
Authors: De Césaris Maria Cristina , Basualdo María Eugenia
Published: December 2020

Las acciones de responsabilidad de los administradores se encuentran reguladas en la Ley General de Sociedades —19550 t.o.— (arts. 276 a 278 LGS ) y en la Ley de Concursos y Quiebras —24522 t.o.— (arts. 173 a 176 LCQ ). Ahora bien, «la responsabilidad» entendida como obligación de reparar el daño causado a otro u otra (art. 1716 del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación, en adelante CC y C ) tiene un campo de aplicación amplio y complejo y es necesario compatibilizar las normas de las leyes especiales, en nuestro caso, la ley 19550 y la ley 24522, con el régimen instaurado por el nuevo Código. Con esta perspectiva, y sobre la base de estas premisas, abordaremos el análisis de las acciones de responsabilidad contra representantes y administradores de sociedades previstas tanto en la legislación societaria como en la legislación concursal, sin ingresar en el análisis de las acciones de responsabilidad contra otros terceros no representantes (art. 173, segundo párrafo LCQ ).
Home Libraries and their Roles in Social Changes among Rural Communities in Indonesia
Authors: Nurdin L , Saufa Arina Faila
Published: December 2020

The main aim of this paper is to explore home libraries’ involvement in social changes in the rural area of Kepek, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. These home libraries mainly work as a collection provider at every house managed by a reading centre known as TBM (Community Reading Garden). This research used conceptual frameworks of social changes based on Ogburn and Bourdieu. Qualitative method was used to collect data using observation, interview, and documentation. The collected data was analysed through Miles and Huberman model including display, reduction, and conclusion/verification. The findings show that social changes occur through four phases, namely invention/discovery, diffusion, accumulation, and adaptation. These changes also found dynamic contestation between agency and structure in the home library program. The contestation creates dynamics in education and economy among actors in Kepek communities.
Development of Microplastic Research in Indonesia
Authors: Alam Firdha Cahya , Rachmawati Mulki
Published: December 2020

Microplastics are plastic particles that have a diameter less than 5 mm. Research related to microplastics has developed in the world as well as in Indonesia. Research in Indonesia has been carried out in various places on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua. However, there has been no study of the current development status of microplastic research in Indonesia. This paper describes the development of microplastic research in Indonesia from 2014 to 2020 using a systematic review method. The results of the review show that the majority of research on microplastics in Indonesia is about the distribution of microplastics, both in freshwater, marine, and in organisms. In terms of location, the majority of research on microplastics was in Java (66.67%), with the most common form of microplastics being fiber, compared to other forms. In addition, various microplastic concentrations were obtained from various locations. However, the concentrations obtained cannot be directly compared, because the sampling method used is different from one location to another. This is because the microplastic sampling method has not been standardized.
Нестандартная лексика в польском кинопереводе фильма „Ширли-мырли”
Authors: Mytyk Iwona
Published: December 2020

The article presents the problem of translating films from Russian into Polish. First of all, the problem of translating non-standard vocabulary (low colloquialisms, argo, obscene vocabulary) is shown. The research material is the Russian film “What a Mess!” and its Polish translation in subtitles. The author evaluates the translation methods and the final effect of the translation of stylistically reduced vocabulary.
Эволюция любви и ее жанровый репертуар как предмет речи (на основе интерпретации произведений русской художественной литературы 19 века)
Authors: Kulieva Solmaz
Published: December 2020

The article presents an overview of the evolution of love as a communicative phenomenon, semantics of such concepts as love, love, passion; it is concluded that the stages of love communication have a special genre content and a typical set of situations. The analysis of genres and situations of human communication in its development is based on the interpretation of works of fiction. The article also substantiates the relevance of studying this phenomenon with students of Philology at University speech studies.
Приятное/неприятное в русской эмоциональной картине мира
Authors: Orzechowska Joanna
Published: December 2020

Data excerpted from a new type linguistic-psychological dictionary – Senses, Emotions and Adjectives of the Russian Language (2010) – provided a basis for reconstructing a fragment of the emotional image of the Russian world: hedonistic values on the scale pleasant/unpleasant. The paper analyses adjectives assessed by respondents as evoking very pleasant and very unpleasant emotions. The emotional image of the world was recreated by classifying adjectives according to senses attributed to them by respondents and in line with clusters describing a particular fragment of reality. This made it possible to state that most adjectives evoking the most intense emotions (both positive and negative) are related to the sense of smell. On two poles of the hedonistic scale there are smells of tasty food (fruit and sweets) and smells of rotten and stale products, smells of plants and those which appear in connection with human physiology. The conducted research may be applied to shape the emotive competence, which ensures successful intercultural communication and an appropriate level of emotionality in literary translations.
A New Apparatus for Studying Laterally Restrained Swell of Compacted Clay with Lateral Pressure Measurement
Authors: Nachum Shay , Talesnick Mark , Frydman Sam
Published: December 2020

Wetting of compacted clays, and their subsequent swelling, often results in damage to structures and infrastructures. In some cases, for example, if the clay is adjacent to a structure such as a retaining wall, pile, or pipeline, lateral swell is restrained, resulting in heave in the vertical direction and development of swelling pressure laterally. Standard procedures for testing the swell of clays on wetting are limited to the definition of a vertical pressure-swell relationship. This paper presents an investigation of the laterally restrained swell of a highly plastic compacted clay in a new rectangular test cell designed to provide additional and more reliable test information. Lateral soil pressure is measured using null pressure gauges flush with the cell walls. Cell sidewall friction is evaluated by measuring the load applied to the specimen top and the load reaching its base, and it is minimized by incorporating friction reduction measures. It was found that pressure-swell curves, based on vertical pressure, horizontal pressure, and mean pressure, all plot as straight lines on a semi-log basis. Although inundation of the test specimen is standard practice for swelling tests, this procedure represents an extreme wetting condition in the field. The study demonstrates that swell is affected by the characteristics of the hydraulic head responsible for wetting the soil; wetting by suction alone, or by combination of suction and gravity head, result in different degrees of swell.
Assessment of Several Interpreted Pile Capacity Criteria for Large-Diameter Open-Ended Piles
Authors: Kodsy Antonio , Machairas Nikolaos , Iskander Magued G.
Published: December 2020

The interpretation of field load tests on piles has many important practical considerations especially with respect to identifying the capacity of a pile. A number of interpretation criteria have been used in the past. With the increase in the use of large-diameter open-ended piles (LDOEPs) for support of infrastructure projects, it is important to ascertain that the interpretation criteria are suitable for LDOEPs. Fourteen of the most commonly used interpretation criteria were chosen for investigation in an effort to determine the best criterion to be used for LDOEPs. These methods were evaluated using a database of 68 load tests conducted on LDOEPs. The applicability of these criteria and their correlation with each other was examined. The effects of the pile diameter, pile length, and the soil type on the performance of each criterion were investigated, as well as the capacities corresponding to several serviceability limit states. It was concluded that none of these methods was superior to the others, and their performance was somewhat correlated. The original Davisson offset method and the New York City Building Code (NYCBC) criteria performed best in comparison to the average of all methods exhibiting the highest accuracy and the lowest of the standard deviations for the load tests considered. A variation of the NYCBC criterion is proposed for LDOEPs, where the capacity is taken at the smallest of (1) a settlement corresponding to the elastic compression plus 0.75 in. (20 mm); (2) the capacity at plunging or strain-softening; or (3) settlement corresponding to 5 % of the pile diameter, unless the settlement threshold is modified by the structural engineer of record. The proposed criterion is not influenced by diameter, length, or soil type. Additionally, the proposed criterion is well correlated with several well-known published criteria and introduces safeguards against capacities corresponding to excessive settlement in slender piles.
Basal Ganglia Output Has a Permissive Non-Driving Role in a Signaled Locomotor Action Mediated by the Midbrain
Authors: Hormigo Sebastian , Zhou Ji , Chabbert Dorian , Shanmugasundaram Bharanidharan , Castro-Alamancos Manuel A.
Published: December 2020

The basal ganglia are important for movement and reinforcement learning. Using mice of either sex, we found that the main basal ganglia GABAergic output in the midbrain, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), shows movement-related neural activity during the expression of a negatively reinforced signaled locomotor action known as signaled active avoidance; this action involves mice moving away during a warning signal to avoid a threat. In particular, many SNr neurons deactivate during active avoidance responses. However, whether SNr deactivation has an essential role driving or regulating active avoidance responses is unknown. We found that optogenetic excitation of SNr or striatal GABAergic fibers that project to an area in the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) within the midbrain locomotor region abolishes signaled active avoidance responses, while optogenetic inhibition of SNr cells (mimicking the SNr deactivation observed during an active avoidance behavior) serves as an effective conditioned stimulus signal to drive avoidance responses by disinhibiting PPT neurons. However, preclusion of SNr deactivation, or direct inhibition of SNr fibers in the PPT, does not impair the expression of signaled active avoidance, indicating that SNr output does not drive the expression of a signaled locomotor action mediated by the midbrain. Consistent with a permissive regulatory role, SNr output provides information about the state of the ongoing action to downstream structures that mediate the action.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDuring signaled active avoidance behavior, subjects move away to avoid a threat when directed by an innocuous sensory stimulus. Excitation of GABAergic cells in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), the main output of the basal ganglia, blocks signaled active avoidance, while inhibition of SNr cells is an effective stimulus to drive active avoidance. Interestingly, many SNr cells inhibit their firing during active avoidance responses, suggesting that SNr inhibition could be driving avoidance responses by disinhibiting downstream areas. However, interfering with the modulation of SNr cells does not impair the behavior. Thus, SNr may regulate the active avoidance movement in downstream areas that mediate the behavior, but does not drive it.
The Rac-GEF Tiam1 Promotes Dendrite and Synapse Stabilization of Dentate Granule Cells and Restricts Hippocampal-Dependent Memory Functions
Authors: Cheng Jinxuan , Scala Federico , Blanco Francisco A. , Niu Sanyong , Firozi Karen , Keehan Laura , Mulherkar Shalaka , Froudarakis Emmanouil , Li Lingyong , Duman Joseph G. , Jiang Xiaolong , Tolias Kimberley F.
Published: December 2020

The dentate gyrus (DG) controls information flow into the hippocampus and is critical for learning, memory, pattern separation, and spatial coding, while DG dysfunction is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms regulating DG neural circuit assembly and function remain unclear. Here, we identify the Rac-GEF Tiam1 as an important regulator of DG development and associated memory processes. In the hippocampus, Tiam1 is predominantly expressed in the DG throughout life. Global deletion ofTiam1in male mice results in DG granule cells with simplified dendritic arbors, reduced dendritic spine density, and diminished excitatory synaptic transmission. Notably, DG granule cell dendrites and synapses develop normally inTiam1KO mice, resembling WT mice at postnatal day 21 (P21), but fail to stabilize, leading to dendrite and synapse loss by P42. These results indicate that Tiam1 promotes DG granule cell dendrite and synapse stabilization late in development. Tiam1 loss also increases the survival, but not the production, of adult-born DG granule cells, possibly because of greater circuit integration as a result of decreased competition with mature granule cells for synaptic inputs. Strikingly, both male and female mice lacking Tiam1 exhibit enhanced contextual fear memory and context discrimination. Together, these results suggest that Tiam1 is a key regulator of DG granule cell stabilization and function within hippocampal circuits. Moreover, based on the enhanced memory phenotype ofTiam1KO mice, Tiam1 may be a potential target for the treatment of disorders involving memory impairments.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe dentate gyrus (DG) is important for learning, memory, pattern separation, and spatial navigation, and its dysfunction is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling DG formation and function remain elusive. By characterizing mice lacking the Rac-GEF Tiam1, we demonstrate that Tiam1 promotes the stabilization of DG granule cell dendritic arbors, spines, and synapses, whereas it restricts the survival of adult-born DG granule cells, which compete with mature granule cells for synaptic integration. Notably, mice lacking Tiam1 also exhibit enhanced contextual fear memory and context discrimination. These findings establish Tiam1 as an essential regulator of DG granule cell development, and identify it as a possible therapeutic target for memory enhancement.
KONSEPTUALISASI EKONOMI ISLAM: SUATU PARADIGMA NORMATIF-DIKOTOMIS
Authors: Hakim Maman Rahman
Published: December 2020

Konseptualisasi Ekonomi Islam: Suatu Paradigma Normatif-Dikotomis. Secara perlahan tapi pasti. Sistem ekonomi islam merupakan bangun konstruk sistem bisnis dan keuangan yang urutannya tersistem dengan baik,ringkas dan mudah dicerna serta memperkaya pemahaman yang aplikatif. Lahirnya konsep merupakan pengetahuan milik umum dimana lahir teori ilmiah yang ditemukan secara individu, yang perlu dikaji, diulangi dan dimanfaatkan secara komunal. Suatu paradigma lahir dari sarana suatu komunikasi ilmiah dengan baik yang memungkinkan komunikasi ekplisit antar sesama secara intesif. Sehingga diperlukan kajian secara empirisme, intusime dan rasionalisme.
ANALISIS PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI DHUAFA (STUDI KASUS DI PERTANIAN SEHAT INDONESIA)
Authors: Ariani, Bahri, Zaina Hana, Efri Syamsul, Zaina
Published: December 2020

Analisis Pemberdayaan Petani Dhuafa. Sektor pertanian memiliki potensi besar bagi peningkatan kesejahteraa nmasyarakat terutama peningkatan pendapatan petani dhuafa di perdesaan.Produktivitas hasil pertanian dinilai masih jauh dari harapan.Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah persoalan kualitas sumberdaya manusia yang masih rendah dalam mengelola lahan pertanian dimana mayoritas petani di Indonesia menggunakan sistem manual dalam pengelolaan lahan pertanian. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif.penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa program pemberdayaan petani yang dilakukan oleh Pertanian Sehat Indonesia dilakukan melalui pemberdayaan petani dhuafa di berbagai daerah di Indonesia.Strategi pemberdayaan yang dilakukan adalah integrasi antara teknologi dan program pertanian sehat.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan petani dhuafa sebagai sasaran utama yang dilakukan oleh Pertanian Sehat Indonesia termasuk sudah baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai tukar petani semakin bertambah dan diimbangi dengan penurunan biaya produksi dalam penggunaan bahan kimiawi serta mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani.
Pengaruh Inflasi Dan BI Rate Terhadap Imbal Hasil Penyaluran Investasi Dana Haji Pada Sukuk Dana Haji Indonesia
Authors: Salatalohy Hasmiati Arsiba , Wibowo Hendro
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efek inflasi dan BI Rate pada laba atas investasi dana Haji Sukuk dana Haji Indonesia periode 2010-2018. Sampel digunakan teknik purposive sampel dan memperoleh 13 sampel SDHI seri yang telah matang selama periode rentan 2010-2018 dari yang dipublikasikan sejak 2009. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi data panel diproses menggunakan Eviews 9. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa inflasi dan BI Rate secara simultan mempengaruhi distribusi kembali dari Haji dana investasi pada Sukuk dana Haji Indonesia periode 2010-2018. Sementara itu, sebagian inflasi dan BI rate tidak berpengaruh signifikan di SDHI menghasilkan.
Metode Studi Kasus : Upaya-Upaya Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa SMA Negeri 14 Pekanbaru
Authors: Yohanda Reski
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur sejauh mana tingkat pemahaman guru tentang bagaimana cara mengatasi masalah siswa yang didalam dirinya tertanam sifat pemalas disertai kurangnya minat belajar dan motivasi.  Judul penelitian ini adalah Upaya Guru dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas XI pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Di SMA Negeri 14 Pekanbaru. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah; 1) Bagaimana upaya Guru PAI di SMA Negeri 14 Pekanbaru dalam mengatasi masalah yang terdapat disetiap individu siswa?, 2) Apa saja faktor pendukung dan penghambat upaya guru dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa dalam belajar PAI pada siswa kelas XI Di SMA Negeri 14 Pekanbaru?, 3) Metode apakah yang digunakan guru dalam memacu motivas siswa dalam belajar?, 4) Apa saja permasalahan yang terjadi dalam proses belajar mengajar sehingga dibutuhkannya motivasi dalam belajar?, 5) Apakah dengan meningkatkan motivasi dalam belajar, ada pengaruhnya dalam proses belajar siswa?. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi kasus, yaitu penelitian yang menyajikan informasi yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang sesuatu hal secara mendalam. Maka dalam penelitian ini, peneliti akan menggunakan metode studi kasus untuk mengungkap tentang bagaimana upaya-upaya guru dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa di SMA Negeri 14 Pekanbaru
Complicações durante a sessão de hemodiálise
Authors: Evaristo Lidiane Silva , Cunha Adriele Pantoja , Morais Cristiano Gonçalves , Samselski Bruna Jacó Lima , Esposito Emanuel Pinheiro , Miranda Monica Karla Vojta , Gouvea-e-Silva Luiz Fernando
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: analisar as intercorrências durante a sessão de hemodiálise em um hospital público de referência.
Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, quantitativo e retrospectivo realizado a partir da coleta de informações em 63 prontuários de pacientes admitidos no setor de hemodiálise de um hospital público de referência no município de Santarém, Pará, Brasil, de agosto de 2008 a dezembro de 2017, em que foram observadas as intercorrências durante o seu primeiro ano de  tratamento. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial (Quiquadrado, p < 0,05) com apoio do programa BioEstat 5.3.
Resultados: o sexo masculino predominou (52,4 %) com faixa etária de 60 ou mais anos (33,4 %) e a idade média foi de 53,4 ± 14,1 anos. Quanto às intercorrências, foram notificados 45 tipos, dos quais a hipotensão (12 %), a cefaleia (9,5 %), o mal-estar (8,4 %), a hipertensão (8,2 %), a hipoglicemia (6,4 %) e câimbras (5,9 %) foram as mais frequentes. As doenças de base mais evidenciadas foram o diabetes mellitus e a hipertensão arterial, enquanto a anemia predominou nas comorbidades.
Conclusões: as principais intercorrências encontradas foram a hipotensão, a cefaleia e o mal-estar, não havendo associação estatística entrea quantidade de intercorrências e a idade, o sexo, a doença de base e a presença de anemia.
Perfil da mortalidade neonatal no Rio Grande do Norte (2008-2017)
Authors: Monteiro de Araújo Lucyana Augusta , Bezerra Isaac Newton Machado , Lima Jônia Cybele Santos , Farias Laísla Ludmyla Sousa de , Nascimento Jânio Luiz do , Assis Luan Thallyson Dantas de , Cardoso Géssica Rodrigues , Lins Deborah Jennifer de Paiva , Lima Mariel Wágner Holanda
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: caracterizar a mortalidade neonatal precoce e tardia no estado do Rio Grande do Norte de 2008 a 2017.
Metodologia: estudo epidemiológico descritivo, temporal de abordagem quantitativa retrospectiva, comdados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) sobre os óbitos neonatais ocorridos entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2017 no estado do Rio Grande do Norte por local de moradia.
Resultados: a amostra foi composta de um total de 4.531 óbitos, sendo mais prevalente óbito neonatal precoce (79,65 %), sexo masculino (54,71 %), gestação inferior a 27 semanas (34,05 %), parto do tipo vaginal (49,93 %), recém-nascidos com peso menor que 2.500 g (68,57 %) e mães com escolaridade entre 8 e 11 anos de estudo. Entre 2008, ano inicial de coleta, e 2017, ano final, a mortalida-de neonatal apresentou redução de 23,83 %. A mortalidade masculina se apresentou maior que a feminina em todos os anos, com variação entre 0,09 e 0,08 respectivamente. O teste de qui-quadrado de independência mostrou que existe associação entre o tipo de parto e a mortalidade neonatal p < 0,001.
Conclusão: os dados da pesquisa evidenciam a redução da mortalidade neonatal no estado, ao mesmo tempo que aponta para a necessidade do fortalecimento de ações no período gestacional a fim de evitar condições favoráveis à mortalidade infantil, como a prematuridade e a desnutrição. Outro dado comprovado refere-se ao preenchimento das declarações de nascido vivo e óbito, visto que muitas variáveis apresentaram o item “ignorado” referente ao preenchimento incorreto ou não preenchimento da informação.
Eficacia de la música en la reducción del dolor posoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca
Authors: González Pabón Nathaly , Rivera Álvarez Luz Nelly
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: el dolor agudo es uno de los principales síntomas referidos por los pacientes durante el posoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca, donde el uso de la música ha tenido efectos positivos. Por ende, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la eficacia de una intervención de enfermería basada en la música como tratamiento no farmacológico del dolor en el período posoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca.
Métodos: estudio mixto, con una fase cuantitativa de tipo Ensayo Clínico Aleatorizado con diseño estadístico unifactorial de 3 niveles y una segunda fase cualitativa que indaga por la experiencia del participante frente a la intervención de Enfermería. Con un total de 45 participantes asignados a los grupos control y experimentales (con 2 niveles de intervención), se realizó la medición del nivel de dolor percibido. Posteriormente, a través de entrevista semiestructurada, se conoció la percepción del paciente luego de la intervención.
Resultados: en la fase cuantitativa se evidenció un cambio estadísticamente significativo en la percepción del dolor Posterior a la intervención en los grupos experimentales (p = 0,016). En la fase cualitativa se determinaron tres categorías: experiencia de los participantes frente al uso de música grabada; aspectos de la ejecución de la sesión con uso de música, y recomendaciones del paciente para enriquecer la intervención. Así mismo, se determina que el tiempo seleccionado para la intervención resulta ser suficiente desde la apreciación de los participantes.
Conclusión: la intervención planteada resultó eficaz en la reducción del dolor posoperatorio en los dos grupos de intervención. Además, se evidenció que esta produjo efectos positivos adicionales en los participantes, como relajación, distracción y tranquilidad.
PNAE em tempos de pandemia: desafios e potencialidades para sua operacionalização no contexto amazônico
Authors: Da Silva Luiz Humberto , Medeiros Monique , Tavares Francinei Bentes , Dias Ivanira Amaral , Das Graças Ferreira Frazão Andréa
Published: December 2020

Este artigo objetiva analisar a importância do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) como instrumento de garantia de segurança alimentar e nutricional e de resiliência social também no rural, sobretudo no atual contexto de pandemia da Covid-19 na Amazônia brasileira. Para atender a este objetivo, as escolhas metodológicas abarcam pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, além de reuniões remotas com atores sociais envolvidos com a operacionalização do PNAE em contexto de pandemia, no estado do Pará. O texto inicia por discutir sucintamente o conceito de políticas públicas, principalmente direcionadas ao Desenvolvimento Rural, e o papel histórico do PNAE no contexto brasileiro, até chegar nas alterações da legislação que guia o Programa, em cenários de pandemia. Posteriormente são descritas as experiências de municípios no Estado do Pará, relacionadas à execução de ações do PNAE durante o período da pandemia. Esse percurso ressalta a importância e potencialidade de expansão das compras públicas de alimentos produzidos localmente e, sobretudo, a necessidade de traçar estratégias de desenvolvimento, que possibilitem a famílias em vulnerabilidade socioeconômica o acesso à alimentação de qualidade, por um lado, e a consolidação de mercados construídos socialmente, com e pela agricultura familiar amazônica.
Presentación: Reflexiones y perspectivas sobre la pandemia del Covid-19 (Parte 1)
Authors: Belaunde Luisa Elvira , Mendes dos Santos Gilton , Bolívar-Urueta Edgar
Published: December 2020

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Condição dentária de pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular
Authors: Dutra Laio da Costa , Seabra Eduardo , Dutra Gláucya , Silva Alexandre , Lucena Eudes
Published: December 2020

Objetivo Avaliar a condição dentária e a dimensão vertical em pacientes portadores de DTM, bem como a idade e origem da DTM.Metodologia Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, observacional de corte transversal, com uma amostra de trinta pacientes com DTM, diagnosticado pelo Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Esta amostra foi determinada através de estimativas de atendimento, desta forma, uma amostra de conveniência. A associação entre o gênero, idade, dimensão vertical e condição dentária com DTM foram verificadas através do teste estatístico qui-quadrado, com intervalos de confiança de 95%.Resultados Constatou-se que 26 pacientes eram do sexo feminino e 4 do sexo masculino. Quinze sujeitos apresentaram idade inferior a 36,5 anos. Quanto a origem da DTM, 19 sujeitos tinham desordem articular, e 11 muscular. Determinou-se que não houve associação estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis independentes com a DTM.Conclusão Os fatores etiológicos analisados isoladamente parecem não influenciam de forma única no desenvolvimento da DTM, mas poderão atuar em conjunto com outros fatores, já que a sua causa é multifatorial.
Aumento de la pobreza e inequidad en el financiamiento del sistema de salud de Ecuador
Authors: Armijos-Briones Marcelo , Pires de Sousa Fernando José , Zavala-Briones Madeline
Published: December 2020

Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio es medir el aumento de la pobreza debido a los gastos directos en salud y analizar la equidad del financiamiento del sistema de salud ecuatoriano, con base en datos de encuestas nacionales representativas del país.Método Fue realizado con datos de la “Encuesta de condiciones de vida 2013-2014” (ECV) y utilizó líneas de pobreza, con enfoques relativo y absoluto para medir el aumento de la pobreza y, mediante Análisis de Incidencia en el financiamiento, fueron medidas las desigualdades en la distribución del financiamiento.Resultados La pobreza aumentó 2,2% debido al gasto de las familias en salud, especialmente en gastos de medicamentos y consultas médicas, que representaron 36,7% y 14,6% del gasto total en pagos directos. Además, las fuentes más importantes de financiamiento resultaron ser regresivas, hecho que afecta principalmente a la clase media. Cuando fueron consolidadas, las fuentes de financiamiento analizadas resultaron ser proporcionales. Este, aunque no es el peor escenario, no es el esperado para un sistema de salud que debe garantizar protección financiera a sus usuarios.Discusión Aunque existen metas de financiamiento de difícil alcance, al menos las leyes del país establecen la búsqueda de ese fin. Sin embargo, pérdidas de recursos financieros dificultan el logro de los objetivos trazados.
Biosafety in autopsy room: an systematic review
Authors: Abdalla de Oliveira Cardoso Telma , Bueno de Azevedo Neto Francisco de Paula , Cynamon Cohen Simone , Chein Bueno de Azevedo Deborah
Published: December 2020

Objective To discuss the risks related to the possibilities of accidents and contamination in autopsy rooms, especially the biological risk.Methods This is an exploratory study. The databases Lilacs, MEDLINE and SciELO virtual library were searched; from 2000 until 2017; from the following inclusion criteria: articles available in full, in Portuguese, English and Spanish languages; and those that portrayed the central theme of the article.Results 53 articles were analyzed, to following the sub-themes: chemical, ergonomic, biological and accident agents; exposure to radioactive materials; electrical and electronic equipment.Conclusions The death cause is essential for epidemiological surveillance. The prevalence of diseases in the population poses risk to autopsy room professionals. Often these diseases are not detected before death; can coexist with other conditions and be ignored; or don’t have morphological evidence at autopsy. M.tuberculosis, hepatitis virus, HIV and prions were the main pathogens identified. They can be transmitted by blood and aerosols; but there are other risks such as sharps, chemicals and radioactive materials.
Conocimientos sobre la COVID-19 y el lavado de manos
Authors: Escobar Escobar Maria Beatriz , Garcia Garcia Nancy
Published: December 2020

La mejor forma de prevenir el COVID-19 es el lavado de manos. Sin embargo, existe poca difusión sobre la importancia que tiene y desafortunadamente no se le ha dado la importancia que merece.Objetivo Determinar conocimientos y prácticas que tienen los familiares de los estudiantes de 5 semestres de enfermería Universidad del Quindío Armenia Colombia, sobre el COVID-19 y el lavado de manos.Método Investigación descriptiva, con un muestreo intencional de 83 personas para responder a un pretest y postes con una capacitación preventiva e informativa como herramienta mediadora del aprovechamiento de los presaberes, se realizó entre marzo y mayo de 2020.Resultados Los informantes tenían un saber previo básico y adecuado acerca de lo que implica la práctica del lavado de manos. Se realizó una interpretación reflexiva con el diseño de una infografía que visibilizó el estado de opinión a partir de una comparación entre los instrumentos. Los resultados y la discusión plantearon que la práctica de lavado de manos es algo más que un acto sencillo.Conclusiones Existían conocimientos previos que fueron fortalecidos por la capacitación y se interpretó que la salud es un patrimonio que debe salvaguardarse con responsabilidad y bioseguridad.
Dokumentarisches Erzählen in Podcasts
Authors: Preger Sven
Published: December 2020

Im journalistischen Kontext verlaufen zwei Entwicklungen parallel. Einerseits entstehen neue Podcast-Formate, die entweder komplett narrativ sind oder einzelne Storytelling-techniken integrieren. Andererseits stößt Storytelling im journalistischen Kontext häufig auf Ablehnung. Dieser Aufsatz klärt, woher diese Ablehnung kommt und was unter Storytelling in journalistischen Podcasts zu verstehen ist. Darauf aufbauend werden zentrale Storytelling-Techniken erläutert und auf ihre journalistische Tauglichkeit überprüft. Dazu gehören: Plot-Entwurf, szenisches Erzählen, Erzählhaltung, Einsatz von Nähe und Intimität sowie akustische Gestaltung. Abschließend wird ein Blick darauf geworfen, welchen Platz Storytelling in journalistischen Podcasts einnehmen kann und welche besondere journalistische Qualität Storytelling-Podcasts entfalten können.
Formación integral del alumnado mediante proyectos productivos multimedia en el área de agronegocios
Authors: Barrera Puente María Magdalena
Published: December 2020

La formación integral del alumnado en cualquier nivel educativo es un reto, es común que las intenciones queden en la planeación y lejos de la práctica. Este artículo proporciona pistas de lo que se puede realizar como complemento al currículum para formar al alumnado de manera integral, basado en la experiencia del Programa Proyectos Productivos Multimedia de Educación Continua (PPMEC). Este programa fue puesto en marcha con un grupo de alumnado de la Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (UAAAN) Saltillo, Coahuila, México, del año 2015 al 2019 en el área de agronegocios. El enfoque teórico se centra en las teorías y corrientes que surgieron en 1993 en la UNESCO que fundamentan el desarrollo de competencias. La metodología empleada parte de la pregunta de investigación ¿Se puede desarrollar competencias blandas y duras en el alumnado con actividades complementarias al currículum?, el enfoque que se le dio a la investigación fue de tipo mixto en una modalidad descriptiva. Por lo tanto, contempla el análisis de la experiencia de trabajo en un tiempo determinado, el diseño de la investigación es no experimental Entre las principales conclusiones destacan la evidencia de un alto grado de seguridad en sí mismos, una mayor responsabilidad en la toma de decisiones y, lo más importante, el legado de una experiencia exitosa que sirve de ejemplo e inspiración para las nuevas generaciones participantes en el programa PPMEC, se demuestra que se puede aprender a aprender, aprender a hacer y aprender a ser desde un mismo proyecto educativo.
Evaluation of postpartum metabolic and health response in dairy cows with different body condition score during the dry period
Authors: Mihajlovičová X. , Mudroň, P.
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different pre-calving body conditions on some metabolic indices, health status and reproductive disorders in dairy cows. The study was conducted on a dairy farm in Eastern Slovakia during the pre-partum period (–1 to –10 DIM) and post-partum period (1 to 14 DIM). Total of 84 cows allotted in 3 groups were submitted to clinical examination and body condition score (BCS) evaluation. At the same intervals blood samples were collected for determination of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and calcium levels. During the postpartum period the incidence of reproductive diseases, such as metritis, retained placenta, metabolic disorders, such as milk fever, left displacement of abomasum and orthopaedic disorders were recorded. The strongest lipid mobilisation (NEFA elevation), ketone body production, and blood calcium drop were determined in postpartum dairy cows with the highest prepartum body condition score. In conclusion, the dairy cows with different BCS hade a different metabolic response during the postpartum period. The overcondition was connected with stronger lipid mobilisation and calcium drop after calving. Moreover, the higher BCS could contribute to higher incidence of production diseases.
The efficacy of hemostasis in gynecological practice
Authors:   Kharkiv medical Academy of postgraduate education, Grishenko O.V. , Bobrytska V.V. ,   Kharkiv medical Academy of postgraduate education
Published: December 2020

The objective: to study the clinical efficacy of Cyclokapron-Zdorovje and its impact on the parts of the system in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), as well as a comparison of the effectiveness of the complex method of stop bleeding and hormonal hemostasis. Patients and methods. The study included 60 patients with AUB at the age 35-46 years with metrology. The patients were divided into three groups according to the therapy: group I (n=20) received the drug Cyclokapron-Zdorovje 10 ml (1 g tranexamic acid) for the purpose of hemostasis; group II (n=20) surgical hemostasis – separate curettage or hysteroscopy combined with intravenous Cyclokapron 10 ml (1 g); group III (n=20), in which hemostasis was achieved using a combined estrogen-progestin preparation (ethinyl estradiol 30 mg in combination with desogestrel 150 mg). Results. Treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding using intravenous infusions of Cyclokapron 1000mg was performed. The medicine was administered to patients before the curettage, as well as the hemostatic agent in patients with advanced endometrial histological result of the state. Intravenous dosage of 1000mg Cyclokapron in women with abnormal uterine bleeding achieves significant hemostatic effect, reduces total blood loss. Conclusion. The medicine is clinically effective and safe. The drug can be recommended for inclusion in the standard algorithm for emergency patients with AUB. In addition, the safety of the drug can be recommended for the whole spectrum of possible clinical situations in obstetrics and gynecology, complicated by hemorrhage. Key words: abnormal uterine bleeding, hemostasis, Cyclokapron-Zdorovje.
Changes in household income distribution after the introduction of social policy programmes in Poland
Authors:   dr hab. prof. UEK, Department of Statistics, Cracow University of Economics, Poland, Ulman Paweł
Published: December 2020

The aim of the paper is to analyse changes in the distribution of income of Polish households during the implementation and functioning of social policy programmes in Poland. Attention is paid to social groups that experienced a difficult economic situation, in particular marriages with dependent children. The added value of the research lies in the in-depth comparative analysis of the distribution of income and its distance in cross-section and time, based on individual data from the Household Budget Survey for two periods – before the implementation of the programmes and during their full operation. In order to compare the income distributions, statistical analysis methods were applied to the empirical income distributions. In addition to the commonly known and basic numerical characteristics of the distributions, a distribution distance measure and an income gap ratio were used. All calculations were based on individual data from the Household Budget Survey carried out in 2015 and 2018. As a result of the calculations, it was shown that in the analysed period there were significant changes in the distribution of income among the Polish population in terms of average income and income inequality. The former increased substantially, while the latter decreased, including between social groups. The results show that the social policy programmes implemented in Poland after 2015 contributed significantly to raising the level of income of most members of society and reducing economic inequalities.
Emerging Therapies for Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Toth Alexander T. , Cho Daniel C.
Published: December 2020

Multiple combinational regimens have recently been approved and are now considered the standard of care for patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Several additional combinational regimens are deep in clinical assessment and are likely to soon join the crowded front-line therapeutic landscape. Most of these regimens are combinations of agents already approved as single-agents in RCC including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and immune checkpoint inhibitors. While these new front-line regimens are associated with reliably high response rates and prolonged survival, complete and durable remissions remain limited to a small subset of patients and the vast majority of patients continue to require subsequent therapy. The need for the continued development of novel agents in RCC persists and efforts have focused on agents targeting the molecular biology of clear cell RCC and novel immunotherapies including cytokines. In this review, we discuss the progress in the development of these novel therapies in the context of the evolving standard of care for patients with advanced clear cell RCC.
Undervisning i förskolan – en företeelse i rörelse
Authors: Olsson Maria , Lindgren Eneflo Elisabeth , Lindqvist Gunilla
Published: December 2020

Studiens syfte är att utveckla kunskap om hur förskollärare ger olika innebörder åt undervisning i förskolan. En forskningscirkel har genomförts under två år med femton förskollärare i en kommun. Cirkeln tog sin utgångspunkt i deltagarnas frågor om undervisning utifrån deras erfarenheter av den vardagliga förskolepraktiken. I analysen framträder undervisning som delvis överlappande didaktiska aspekter, där spänningar framträder avseende innehåll, former, genomförande och vem som kan initiera undervisning. Sammantaget framstår undervisning som en företeelse i rörelse där gränser för dess början och slut inte låter sig fixeras. Dock tycks undervisning utebli när förskollärarna inte anser sig kunna genomföra sina intentioner på grund av bristfälliga förutsättningar. I forskningscirkelns samtal stärker förskollärarna sina röster och formulerar sig vid ett flertal tillfällen som att undervisning i förskolan är något annat, eller mer än undervisning i skolan Resultatet kan förstås i termer av Billigs ideologiska dilemman såsom mellan förskollärarnas uttryckta strävanden efter att skapa sig ett eget tolkningsutrymme för vad undervisning kan innebära i mötet med barnen på den lokala förskolan visavi förskollärarnas intentioner att realisera nationella och i förväg formulerade läroplansmål. Resultatet diskuteras utifrån Abbotts teorier om professionellas behörighetsområde samt förskollärares tilldelade, och tagna ansvar utifrån begreppen professionellt ansvar respektive redovisningsskyldighet.
Rapid Repair of Seismically Vulnerable Bridge Columns Following Earthquake Induced Damage
Authors:   , Norton Gregory
Published: December 2020

The Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquake has a high probability of occurrence within our lifetime, threatening bridges across the Pacific Northwest. Damage is expected to be geographically spread throughout the region and will have a nearly simultaneous impact on transportation through several important corridors. While bridge repair and replacement will ultimately be needed, priority will be placed on resuming mobility such that repairs will need to be implemented quickly. In an effort to anticipate this need, a repair method is being developed for rapid repair with the goal of achieving semi-permanent installation that also considers the different bridge damage states for future earthquakes. The proposed repair involves encasing the damaged column in a steel jacket which is then anchored to the foundation through easily replaceable ductile fuse hold-downs. The design objective is to isolate all inelastic strains to the hold-downs thus creating a low-damage solution. Full-scale cyclic tests were conducted to investigate the cyclic performance on substandard column-to-foundation specimens. The proposed repair was applied to the damaged column and the specimen was then re-tested using the cyclic loading that is representative of CSZ demands. The experiments validated the design goal of achieving restored or controlled strength, while also exhibiting no additional damage and self-centering behavior. The experiments have shown the potential of this methodology to rapidly repair earthquake damaged columns with a relatively generic approach.
¿Hay una objetividad específica para la historia?
Authors: Belvedresi Rosa
Published: December 2020

En este artículo nos proponemos realizar un análisis de la objetividad del conocimiento histórico atendiendo a sus especificidades como disciplina científica. Para ello, mostraremos que es insostenible la idea de objetividad absoluta y, en su lugar, propondremos el concepto de una objetividad situada. Esta objetividad tiene que ver con los criterios vigentes en una disciplina científica y con sus prácticas propias. Consideramos que el conocimiento histórico objetivo no niega la influencia de los sujetos en su producción y justificación, sino que procura atender a los efectos que esa interferencia pueda ocasionar. También veremos las conclusiones que pueden extraerse sobre la condición de sujetos que poseen los objetos del conocimiento histórico. Para nuestro análisis vamos a distinguir entre la objetividad que se refiere al comportamiento del sujeto que investiga (la historiadora) y la que se refiere al producto del conocimiento (las interpretaciones históricas). Finalmente, señalaremos que la objetividad es objeto de críticas y revisiones en los debates históricos.