bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Validity of Variables used to Select Students for Postgraduate Management Courses
Authors: Lane John , Lane Andrew M.
Published: January 2017

The present study set in the United Kingdom examined the predictive validity of variables used to select graduate students into postgraduate management programs at a UK business school. 303 postgraduate students completed a cognitive ability test (MD5, Mental Ability Test), a questionnaire to assess perceptions of self-efficacy to succeed on the program, and reported their performance on their first (undergraduate) degree. Students completed these measures at the start of the programs. Each program comprised 12 modules, which all students were required to complete successfully. Students’ performance was measured by the average grade obtained over the 12 modules. Multiple regression indicated that only 22% of the variance (Adjusted R2 = .22, p < .001) in students’ performance was predicted significantly by cognitive ability scores. Results show that neither performance on first degree nor scores for self-efficacy showed a significant relationship to the criterion measure. Findings from the present study suggest that in the UK, the use of cognitive ability tests may play a significant role in the selection of students into postgraduate programs. Nonsignificant self-efficacy and performance relationships are ascribed to unclear knowledge of the demands of the program. We suggest that there is need for further research to examine factors related to performance.
Differential Analysis of Social Security Disability and Vocational Rehabilitation Applicants
Authors: Mcclure Robert F.
Published: January 2017

An effort was made to differentiate the characteristics of clients who applied for Social Security Disability from those who applied for Vocational Rehabilitation. Psychological, diagnostic, intellectual, academic ability differences, and demographic factors of sex, age, and race between social security disability applicants and vocational rehabilitation applicants were examined. The latter were more intelligent and had higher academic functioning. Applicants for social security disability were less intelligent and tended to be functionally illiterate. Multiple discriminant analysis indicated that mathematics scores and differences in intelligence were the primary discriminants. Another difference appeared to be that rehabilitation clients tended to be diagnosed as substance abusers or learning disabled, while disability clients were more likely to be diagnosed as mentally retarded or having dementia.
Using the short Subscales of a Questionnaire to Assess Subcomponents with low Reliabilities: A Cautionary Note
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Ahmed , Lester David
Published: January 2017

Some authors of personality questionnaires use factor analysis with the aim of constructing subcomponents to assess subsidiary traits within the broad domain tapped by the scale. However, these short subscales suffer from low reliabilities in most cases. The findings of using the Maudsley Obsessional–Compulsive Inventory in American ( n = 73) and Kuwaiti ( n = 87) college students justified the caution against using such short subscales with low reliabilities, inasmuch-as 7 out of the 8 alpha reliabilities were less than .69, ranged from .35 to .68, and the median was .56.
Gun Availability and Use of Guns for Murder and Suicide in Canada: A Replication
Authors: Bridges F. Stephen
Published: January 2017

Following Lester, the rate of accidental death from firearms was associated with the percentage of firearms used in suicides and on homicide victims except for persons aged 55+ yr.
The place of religiosity after modernity in Buber and Rosenzweig’s approach to Christianity
Authors: Mihaely Zohar
Published: January 2017

When Buber and Rosenzweig conceived their insights about the nature of the relations between Judaism and Christianity, some 80 years ago, the term “interfaith theology” did not exist, yet they can be considered as precursors to this new field in theology that made its first steps in the past two decades in Jewish and Christian scholarship. In the present account I suggest reconsidering this aspect, among others, in Buber and Rosenzweig’s thought, as a potential contribution to a possible solution to the tension between culture and religion in modernity, which radicalized in the last decades in the form of religious and secular extremism. It is not only their unique perception of revelation that creates a new religious language but also their pioneering analysis of religious zealotry as a theological defect (rather than a political problem). That is my main observation: that the similarities between their dialogical approach to Christianity to that of a certain Christian scholarly trend that appeared shortly after them, signifies, in my view, the beginning of a new age in relations between the two religions, which can serve as a model for dealing with ideological conflicts in our age.
Homiletical aesthetics: A paradigmatic proposal for a holistic experience of preaching
Authors: Yang Sunggu
Published: January 2017

The article is a proposal for a paradigmatic change in homiletical pedagogy. In North America today, most homiletical training at the seminary or divinity school is either text-driven or know-how-driven (or, at times, topic-driven). Thus, the homiletical training focuses on (1) how to exposit a text for a key topic, (2) how to structure a sermon, (3) how to deliver a message, and (4) how to analyze the text-driven sermon. While admitting the usefulness of this current textual or know-how pedagogy, the article suggests the addition of a holistic-aesthetic component of preaching, which I will later call numen-participatory education or a numinous pedagogy of preaching. This proposed pedagogical paradigm has two great advantages that the ecclesial situation today demands: (1) the spiritual formation of the preacher and (2) the holistic-aesthetic and multisensory exposition and experience of the text both by the preacher and the audience.
The Southern Nicobar Islands as Imaginative Geographies
Authors: Saini Ajay
Published: January 2017

The southern Nicobar, an isolated archipelago in the eastern Indian Ocean, is the southern most territory of India. The Shompen and the Nicobarese were the sole inhabitants in the archipelago until the Government of India settled 330 ex-servicemen families in Great Nicobar. The ex-servicemen families, who came from an entirely different socio-cultural milieu of mainland India, perceived the cultural practices of the indigenes as odd and developed strong prejudices against them. This article juxtaposes two diametrically opposed discourses on the indigenous cultural practices—the settlers’ and the indigenes’—and explores how the indigenes make sense of their cultural practices that the settlers find problematic. It also explores if such cultural practices hold any special significance for the isolated tribal communities that live in a fragile island ecosystem. The article elaborates its analyses against the backdrop of the issues that the indigenes have been facing due to the changes brought in their societies through external interventions.
Searching for the Middle Path in Microfinance Delivery
Authors: Kumar Mukul , Sarma Sushanta Kumar
Published: January 2017

Contrary to conventional understanding of microfinance delivery approach as either non-profit or for-profit model of delivery, the paper argues that there exists a middle path. The middle path assembles the scalability of a for-profit approach as well as the client-centredness of a non-profit approach. A community-based microfinance organisation, People’s Rural Education Movement (PREM), operating as a social movement organisation, has been able to successfully combine the pressure of outreach and sustainability without compromising on the focus on poverty. Through a federated structure, a holistic approach to poverty alleviation, and an emphasis on keeping the poor at the centre of decision making, PREM has been able to create an ‘enabling approach’ to microfinance which is demand-driven and maneuvered by people at the receiving end.
Quality of Elementary Education in India’s Rural Areas: Results from Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2014
Authors: Panigrahi Sangram Charan
Published: January 2017

The quality of elementary education plays a critical role in an individual’s growth. Thus it has the capacity to develop a nation’s human resources. This study has examined the capabilities of young students who enrolled at the elementary level in schools located in India’s rural areas and their proficiency in different subjects, specifically their own regional language, mathematics and their knowledge of English. In order to measure the performances of students enrolled in Classes 1–VIII, the study used the principal component analysis (PCA) on original, 12 correlated variables. A standardised regression score of two factors, generated from PCA, was used to measure the status of education at the elementary level for different states. By considering the total score of two factors, using the PCA, it was found that most of the states in the southern parts of the country, that is, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, and the North-East region, that is, Assam, Mizoram, Tripura, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh, exhibited better academic performances as compared to other states.
Has the Codified Hindu Law Changed Gender Relationships?
Authors: Agnes Flavia
Published: January 2017

In the context of the current debate around enactment of a Uniform Civil Code (UCC), there seems to be a tacit acceptance that the codified Hindu family law will form the base of such a code. In this context, it has become necessary to examine whether the codified Hindu law, applicable to around 80 per cent of our population, has helped to bring about social transformation and change gender relationships. 1 At times, the continuation of the Hindu Undivided Family property is perceived as its main lacunae, but the discriminatory aspects of the Hindu cultural ethos which dominate the Hindu law of marriage are seldom held up for scrutiny. The ritual of kanyadaan; the notion that girls are paraya dhan; the pious obligation of a Hindu father to marry off his daughter which then gives boost to dowry; the view that Hindu marriages are sacramental and the accompanying pati-parameshwar concept; the premium placed on virgin brides which pressurises parents to perform child marriages and so on still dominate our social ethos and judicial discourse.
Book Review: Ipsita Chatterjee, Displacement, Revolution, and the New Urban Condition: Theories and Case Studies
Authors: Diem Anna
Published: January 2017

Ipsita Chatterjee, Displacement, Revolution, and the New Urban Condition: Theories and Case Studies, New Delhi, SAGE Publications, 2014, 180 pp., ₹645, ISBN-10: 8132116607, ISBN-13: 978-8132116608.
Book Review: Rishi Singh, State Formation and the Establishment of Non-Muslim Hegemony: Post-Mughal 19th Century Punjab (1780–1839)
Authors: Sajjad Mohammad
Published: January 2017

Rishi Singh, State Formation and the Establishment of Non-Muslim Hegemony: Post-Mughal 19th Century Punjab (1780–1839), New Delhi, SAGE Publications, 2015, 232 pp., ₹850, ISBN: 9789351500759.
Psychotherapy for cancer patients
Authors: Chong Guan Ng , Mohamed Salina , Kian Tiah Lai , Kar Mun Teoh , Sulaiman Ahmad Hatim , Zainal Nor Zuraida
Published: January 2017

Objective

Psychotherapy is a common non-pharmacological approach to help cancer patients in their psychological distress. The benefit of psychotherapies was documented, but the types of psychotherapies proposed are varied. Given that the previous literature review was a decade ago and no quantitative analysis was done on this topic, we again critically and systematically reviewed all published trials on psychotherapy in cancer patients.

Method

We identified 17 clinical trials on six types of psychotherapy for cancer patients by searching PubMed and EMBASE.

Result

There were four trials involved adjunct psychological therapy which were included in quantitative analysis. Each trial demonstrated that psychotherapy improved the quality of life and coping in cancer patients. There was also a reduction in distress, anxiety, and depression after a psychological intervention. However, the number and quality of clinical trials for each type of psychotherapy were poor. The meta-analysis of the four trials involved adjunct psychological therapy showed no significant change in depression, with only significant short-term improvement in anxiety but not up to a year—the standardized mean differences were −0.37 (95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.57, −0.16) at 2 months, −0.21 (95% CI = −0.42, −0.01) at 4 months, and 0.03 (95 % CI = −0.19, 0.24) at 12 months.

Conclusion

The evidence on the efficacy of psychotherapy in cancer patients is unsatisfactory. There is a need for more rigorous and well-designed clinical trials on this topic.
Acute movement disorders in the medical setting
Authors: Zawar Ifrah , Caro Mario A , Feldman Lara , Jimenez Xavier F
Published: January 2017

Objective

Psychosomatic medicine psychiatrists are often tasked with the evaluation and treatment of complex neuropsychiatric states which may be motoric in phenotype. Little energy has been dedicated to understanding acute movement disorders in the hospital environment.

Method

Recognizing the importance of frontal-subcortical (corticostriatothalamocortical) circuitry and basal ganglia structures, we present a case series of acute movement disorder phenotypes resulting from underlying medical conditions, commonly-administered medications, or the interaction of both. We organize these scenarios into neurodegenerative disorders, primary psychiatric disorders, neuroinflammation, and polypharmacy, demonstrating a clinical example of each followed by background references on a variety of clinical states and medications contributing to acute movement disorders. In addition, we offer visual illustration of implicated neurocircuitry as well as proposed neurotransmitter imbalances involving glutamate, gamma aminobutyric acid, and dopamine. Furthermore, we review the various clinical syndromes and medications involved in the development of acute movement disorders.

Results

Acute movement disorder's involve complex interactions between frontal-subcortical circuits and acute events. Given the complexity of interactions, psychopharmacological considerations become critical, as some treatments may alleviate acute movement disorders while others will exacerbate them.

Conclusion

Integrating underlying medical conditions and acutely administered (or discontinued) pharmacological agents offers an interactional, neuromedical approach to acute movement disorders that is critical to the work of psychosomatic medicine.
Depression and insomnia are independently associated with satisfaction and enjoyment of life in medication-overuse headache patients
Authors: Pompili Maurizio , Innamorati Marco , Lamis Dorian A , Serafini Gianluca , Ricci Federica , Migliorati Monica , Bellini Samantha , Erbuto Denise , Mazza Marianna , Di Nicola Marco , Janiri Luigi , Gonda Xenia , Rihmer Zoltan , Amore Mario , Girardi Paolo , Martelletti Paolo
Published: January 2017

Objective

Medication-overuse headache is often comorbid with emotional disturbances and disordered personality traits. The aim of the present study was to determine whether depression and insomnia complaints were associated with satisfaction and enjoyment with one’s own life in medication-overuse headache patients, and whether insomnia complaints were able to explain part of the variance of Quality of Life explained by depression.

Methods

Participants were 187 consecutive adult outpatients admitted to the Regional Referral Headache Centre of the Sant’Andrea Hospital in Rome, Italy. Patients were administered the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory – II, and the Athens Insomnia Scale.

Results

The Beck Depression Inventory was associated with all the dimensions of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, with more severe depression being associated independently with lower satisfaction and enjoyment with one’s own life. The Athens Insomnia Scale was independently and significantly associated only with physical health, such that patients with more insomnia complaints were 3.1 times ( p < 0.001) more likely to report lower physical health satisfaction.

Conclusions

Our findings confirmed that medication-overuse headache patients has a negative impact on quality of life and suggested that depression and insomnia were independently associated with satisfaction and enjoyment of life in medication-overuse headache patients. The early recognition and appropriate treatment of comorbid psychopathological symptoms are crucial to improve satisfaction and enjoyment of life in medication-overuse headache patients.
Because They Do Horrible Things: Fear, Science, and the Erosion of Civil Liberties in Sexually Violent Predator Proceedings
Authors: Petrila John
Published: January 2017

The United States Supreme Court has upheld the constitutionality of statutes that permit the indefinite confinement of individuals adjudicated sexually violent predators (SVP). Judicial decisions rejecting a number of challenges to such statutes have occurred against the backdrop of a broader abandonment by the courts of a rights-based approach to mental health law. The fundamental issue that determines whether an individual will be confined under SVP statutes, and if so, for how long, is whether the individual presents a future risk of violence to others. Although the courts have the authority to reject such testimony from mental health professionals, they rarely do so. As a result, SVP hearings are sometimes marked by testimony that overstates the scientific utility of the risk instruments on which it is based; confuses probabilistic with individual likelihood of future risk; and characterizes certain individuals as untreatable as a matter of scientific fact rather than opinion. The result is the erosion of individual liberties and ultimately the credibility of testimony on future risk.
Sex Offender Civil Commitment Programs: Current Practices, Characteristics, and Resident Demographics
Authors: Deming Adam
Published: January 2017

A review of surveys and available information relating to sex offender civil commitment programs reveals important information about the characteristics of those programs and the demographics of those persons detained or civilly committed within. Although most of these programs provide a number of clinical services that are consistent with recommended standards, whether or not other aspects of these treatment programs meet accepted standards has not been widely researched, and standards of treatment for several components of sex offender civil commitment treatment are yet to be elucidated and established by professionals in this field.
Concerns about Litigation: Conceptualization, Development, and Measurement
Authors: Brodsky Stanley L. , Cramer Robert J.
Published: January 2017

Considerable literature exists to suggest that mental health and medical professionals are profoundly concerned about the possibility of malpractice litigation. Indeed, when professionals are sued, they suffer marked emotional and physical sequelae. An initial construct developed to account for these issues was called litigaphobia, succeeded by the construct of fear of litigation, and in the current article, the arguably more parsimonious and less pathological construct o/concerns about litigation. After a review of existing ways in which litigation concerns are measured, data about a Concerns About Litigation Scale were presented. A study of both mental health and medical professionals yielded preventive practice and personal frustration subscales. Among other implications is the need for attention to positive preventive practices rather than an overarching focus on avoiding litigation.
Engendered Homicide
Authors: Isser Natalie K. , Schwartz Lita Linzer
Published: January 2017

A variety of theories are presented and discussed in relation to homicides committed by women, with particular reference to neonaticide, infanticide, and filicide. The role of men in these child homicides is shown to vary by age of the child as well as relationship of the male perpetrators to the child. The varying motives for child homicide are discussed as well by gender. For women, this includes possible syndromes from which they may suffer, although not all the syndromes are recognized in professional or legal sources. In addition, the legal ramifications affecting criminal charges and sentences imposed are discussed and shown to vary not only by state, but also by gender.
Foster Care and Social Services
Authors: Schwartz Lita Linzer
Published: January 2017

Social workers and social service agencies are, or should be, intimately involved with children in foster care and those who choose to care for them. There are situations, however, where the relationship fails, with potentially disastrous results for the children. Three cases, each with a different outcome, are presented to alert a variety of professionals to the problems that may occur and possible preventive measures.
Two Recently Confirmed False Confessions: Byron A. Halsey and Jeffrey M. Deskovic
Authors: Johnson Matthew B. , Drucker Jill
Published: January 2017

In the past decade “false confessions” have emerged as a major area of research and practice in forensic psychology and psychiatry. Most prominent among the factors for this emergence has been the media coverage of high profile false confession cases. Not long ago false confessions were viewed as an anomaly, but in the past decade DNA exonerations coupled with social science research, have focused attention on how false confessions can arise from common interrogation practice. This article explores two recent high profile cases where false confessions were obtained and explores the various factors involved. Modern psychological interrogation, criminal profiling literature, and polygraphy suggest to law enforcement that they can reliably identify “criminals” without adequate investigation. Thus reliance on these sources for evidence of guilt warrants careful review.
The Polygraph: The Truth Lies within
Authors: Lewis Jerry A. , Cuppari Michelle
Published: January 2017

The polygraph, a widely used tool in the field of law enforcement, is frequently touted as being able to detect truthfulness and/or deception of suspects, victims, witnesses, and informants. However, the tool is highly misunderstood, as it is often referred to as a lie detector. The role of the examiner is critical in both administration and interpretation of results. This article discusses the foundations of the polygraph in terms of physiological processes, as well as the psychological processes that can occur for a person undergoing a polygraph examination. A brief history of the polygraph is presented along with the different types of polygraph examinations and methods of questioning as well as the general science of the polygraph, its effectiveness, processes, proper use, and measures.
Raising the Social Security Entitlement Age
Authors: Zissimopoulos Julie , Blaylock Barbara , Goldman Dana P. , Rowe John W.
Published: January 2017

An aging America presents challenges but also brings social and economic capital. We quantify public revenues from, and public expenditures on, Americans aged 65 and older, the value of their unpaid, productive activities and financial gifts to family. Using microsimulation, we project the value of these activities, and government revenues and expenditures, under different scenarios of change to the Old Age and Survivors Insurance eligibility age through 2050. We find the value of unpaid productive activities and financial gifts are US$721 billion in 2010, while net (of tax revenues) spending on the 65 years and older is US$984 billion. Five-year delay in the full retirement age decreases federal spending by 10%, while 2-year delay in the early entitlement age increases it by 1.5%. The effect of 5-year delay on unpaid activities and transfers is small: US$4 billion decrease in services and US$4.5 billion increase in bequests and monetary gifts.
Marital Biography, Social Security Receipt, and Poverty
Authors: Lin I-Fen , Brown Susan L. , Hammersmith Anna M.
Published: January 2017

Increasingly, older adults are unmarried, which could mean a larger share is at risk of economic disadvantage. Using data from the 2010 Health and Retirement Study, we chart the diverse range of marital biographies, capturing marital sequences and timing, of adults who are age eligible for Social Security and examine three indicators of economic well-being: Social Security receipt, Social Security benefit levels, and poverty status. Partnereds are disproportionately likely to receive Social Security and they enjoy relatively high Social Security benefits and very low poverty levels. Among singles, economic well-being varies by marital biography and gender. Gray divorced and never-married women face considerable economic insecurity. Their Social Security benefits are relatively low, and their poverty rates are quite high (over 25%), indicating Social Security alone is not sufficient to prevent these women from falling into poverty. By comparison, gray widoweds are the most advantaged singles.
The Anatomy of Congenital Choanal Atresia
Authors: Harner Stephen G. , McDonald Thomas J. , Reese David F.
Published: January 2017

Congenital choanal atresia is rare. Previous literature has dealt with the diagnosis and management of these patients, but there are no reports that accurately describe the nature of the deformity. This is a presentation of two patients with tomographic demonstration of the abnormality which confirms the surgical descriptions of previous authors. These abnormalities are (1) narrowing of the entire nasal chamber, (2) primary bony obstruction with an area of membranous obstruction, and (3) gross deformity of the vomer.
Simultaneous Occurrence of a Ganglioneuroma and a Neurilemmoma of the Vagus Nerve: A Case Report
Authors: Johnson Denis C.I. , Teleg Minda , Eberle Robert C.
Published: January 2017

A case report of the simultaneous occurrence of a ganglioneuroma and a neurilemoma of the vagus nerve is presented. The rarity of both tumors as well as a review of the literature is discussed.
Voice Restoration of the Total Laryngectomy Patient: The Singer‐Blom Technique
Authors: Johns Michael E. , Cantrell Robert W.
Published: January 2017

In 1979 Singer and Blom described an endoscopic technique of vocal rehabilitation of the total laryngectomy patient. We have used this technique in 26 patients. Fluent speech developed in 24 patients. Four patients inadvertently had the devices used in this technique fall out of the fistula with subsequent closure. They will need repuncture. Two patients who had excellent speech voluntarily removed their devices. One transient case of aspiration responded to silver nitrate cautery of the fistula and placement of a new device. We believe that at the present time this is the surgical procedure of choice to vocally rehabilitate the total laryngectomy patient.
CO2 Laser Repair of Subglottic and Upper Tracheal Stenosis
Authors: McGee Kraig C. , Nagle James W. , Toohill Robert J.
Published: January 2017

This study uses seven large adult canines. Microendoscopic forceps and electrocautery excisions of subglottic and upper tracheal mucosa, perichondrium, and cartilage results in stenoses in all animals. Four partial lesions are created in the upper trachea, and three complete stenoses occur in the subglottic region. Five of the animals require permanent tracheostomy. Three months later six animals have excisions with the CO2 laser, and one animal with upper tracheal stenosis is a control.

After three months follow‐up, two of the canines with upper tracheal stenosis show a slightly improved airway and one remains the same as preexcision. All three animals with subglottic lesions redevelop complete stenosis.
The Timing of Surgical Intervention in Vocal Cord Paralysis
Authors: Woodson Gayle E. , Miller Robert H.
Published: January 2017

Surgical alteration of the glottis for treatment of vocal cord paralysis is best deferred as long as there is a reasonable chance for spontaneous recovery. Most authors recommend waiting six to 12 months before surgery. However, the literature provides insufficient data to support this concept. This paper presents a group of patients with a thorough analysis of natural history, and other factors considered in planning surgical therapy.
Determination of Initial Immunotherapy Dose for Ragweed Hypersensitivity with the Modified Rast Test
Authors: Nalebuff Donald J. , Fadal Richard G. , Ali Majid
Published: January 2017

In this report we describe an immunotherapy regimen used in the management of 200 ragweed‐sensitive patients. All patients were treated with immunotherapy doses inversely related to the level of allergen‐specific IgE as measured by the modified RAST test. The starting doses that were given were significantly higher than those used with conventional approaches.
Pathophysiology of the Ototoxicity of Cis‐Diamminedichloroplatinum
Authors: Komune Shizuo , Asakuma Shinichiro , Snow James B.
Published: January 2017

The electrophysiologic and histopathologic changes in the inner ear caused by the administration of cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (CP) were studied in guinea pigs. The endocochlear dc potential (EP) gradually decreased after the intravenous injection of CP and reached approximately 0 mV on the fourth day, but the EP did not become negative. The cochlear microphonics also diminished and could not be recorded on the fourth day. The negative potential of the organ of Corti remained in the normal range during the experiment. A large negative summating potential (SP) was observed one day after injection, but the amplitude of the negative SP became small on the second day. Light microscopic examination demonstrated that the outer hair cells are destroyed in the basal turn of the cochlea and are preserved in the upper turns, while the inner hair cells are almost completely preserved in all turns. The stria vascularis was found to be slightly atrophic. Severe collapse of Reissner's membrane was observed in the basal turn.
Results of Otologic Referrals in an Industrial Hearing Conservation Program
Authors: Dobie Robert A. , Archer Robert J.
Published: January 2017

Baseline and periodic audiometry was performed on noise‐exposed workers in 21 industrial plants. Workers showing moderate hearing loss, asymmetry, or significant threshold shifts were referred for otologic evaluation. The overall referral rate was 2.76%. Of 107 referrals, 53% had otologic diagnoses other than noise‐induced hearing loss, or required specific intervention, or both. The results support the use of criteria at least as stringent as those used in this study.
Posturography
Authors: Stockwell Charles W.
Published: January 2017

Posturography is a method of measuring a patient's ability to control his balance. Currently available testing techniques may be useful to otologists, although they have not been shown to yield information beyond that obtained from other diagnostic Procedures. More powerful techniques are under development, but methodologic problems remain, and none is yet ready for routine clinical use.
Fourth Branchial Fistula
Authors: Liston Stephen L.
Published: January 2017

The course of a fourth branchial fistula is reviewed. Although no complete fistula has yet been described, the anatomy of such a fistula can be determined from a knowledge of the embryologic development of the branchial region. The fistula must first ascend over the hypoglossal nerve before descending caudal to the fourth area arterial structures. This description is different from the one commonly recognized by otolaryngologists.
The Effect of Submandibular Duct Rerouting in the Treatment of Sialorrhea in Children
Authors: Cotton Robin T. , Richardson Mark A.
Published: January 2017

Sialorrhea is an indication of an upset in the coordinated mechanism control of facial tone and palate musculature. Disturbance in this coordination results in excess pooling of saliva in the anterior mouth and resultant drooling. In addition to the hygienic problems associated with drooling, sialorrhea also interferes with speech clarity and nutrition. It may also cause increased infections and dehydration, and may provide for further isolation of the afflicted from the mainstream of life.

Current therapeutic modalities are reviewed and compared with submandibular duct rerouting. Twenty‐five consecutive pediatric patients in whom submandibular duct rerouting was performed are evaluated for postoperative drooling and submandibular gland function.

The procedure was found to have low morbidity and to be effective in control of sialorrhea in pediatric patients.
Combined Neurosurgical‐Otolaryngologic Operative Approach to a Massive Nasoethmoidal Encephalomeningocele
Authors: Koopmann Charles F. , Reynolds Arden F.
Published: January 2017

Frontal encephaloceles are uncommon yet challenging therapeutic problems that require careful planning and cooperation between the disciplines of neurosurgery and head and neck surgery. A case presentation is discussed together with the embryology, differential diagnosis, and surgical approach to the problem.
Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx in Childhood
Authors: Baker Shan R. , McClatchey Kenneth D.
Published: January 2017

Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx is an uncommon disease in childhood. Ten patients under the age of 18 years with nasopharyngeal carcinoma are reviewed. The average patient age was 13 years and the average duration of symptoms was 18 weeks. Cervical mass (8/10) and hearing loss (4/10) were the most frequently encountered complaints. Three‐ and five‐year determinate survival was 50% and 44% respectively. Bilateral cervical metastases or cranial nerve impairment from neoplasm offered a poor prognosis.
Chyle Fistula Management
Authors: Lucente Frank E. , Diktaban Theodore , Lawson William , Biller Hugh F.
Published: January 2017

Chyle fistula is a potentially devastating phenomenon that results from violation of the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct in the neck, most commonly during radical neck dissection. It may impair nutrition, compromise and delay wound healing, and prolong hospitalization.

In view of the morbidity produced by chyle leak discovered postoperatively and the lack of success of its management by aggressive surgical techniques, we have employed a different protocol for the past six years. It is based on careful intraoperative inspection of the neck for possible chyle fistula, minimal but specific surgical handling of the damaged duct, and a postoperative nutritional program designed to reduce chyle formation and facilitate spontaneous closure. The nutritional element involves the use of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) that are easily ingested, rapidly absorbed, and readily metabolized directly into the portal venous system, bypassing the thoracic duct lymphatic system.

During a four‐year period, 1976 to 1980, 574 radical neck dissections were performed with only six chyle fistulas being detected postoperatively. All have been successfully treated by the protocol with no patients requiring reexploration. There have been no deaths owing to chyle fistula and no complications or side effects from the use of medium chain triglycerides.
Treatment of Nasofrontal Ethmoidal Complex Fractures
Authors: Williamson Leslie K. , Miller Robert H. , Sessions Roy B.
Published: January 2017

Successful reduction of severely telescoped nasofrontal ethmoidal fractures is difficult to achieve. In an effort to improve the results, a technique involving open reduction and external fixation was performed on three patients. These cases, along with ten other nasofrontal ethmoidal fractures treated between 1971 and 1980, are presented, with special emphasis in methods of reduction, stabilization, and results. The method of open reduction using an osteoplastic frontal sinus flap with external fixation gave the best overall results.
Temperature Characteristics of Squirrel Monkey Horizontal Semicircular Canals during Caloric Irrigation
Authors: Wilpizeski Chester
Published: January 2017

Current assumptions concerning body temperature of experimental animals, particularly as it relates to the selection of caloric test stimuli, are likely to be inaccurate guesses. Although the temporal bone of squirrel monkeys attenuates irrigation temperature by a factor of nearly 10, there is a high correlation between thermal changes in inner ear fluid and irrigation values. In this study, nystagmus (defined by electronystagmographic thresholds) occurred when horizontal canal temperatures deviated from resting temperature by ±0.14 C.
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx
Authors: Tom Lawrence W.C. , Wurzel John M. , Wetmore Ralph F. , Lowry Louis D.
Published: January 2017

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is most commonly found in the parotid gland. It rarely occurs in the larynx and hypopharynx. There are only 32 reported cases from these areas. A case of a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the hypopharynx is presented. Although the initial impression was squamous cell carcinoma, glandular structures were found in metastatic lymph nodes in the neck specimen, and after mucicarmine stains were positive, the final diagnosis was changed to mucoepidermoid carcinoma. This case illustrates the difficulty in diagnosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma, especially in unexpected locations. Differentiating mucoepidermoid carcinoma from other neoplasms is important because treatment may differ depending on the diagnosis. The pathologic spectrum of mucoepidermoid carcinoma is presented, and the management of these tumors with respect to the histologic grade is discussed.
Sleep and Breathing Disturbance Secondary to Nasal Obstruction
Authors: Olsen Kerry D. , Kern Eugene B. , Westbrook Philip R.
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute nasal obstruction on sleep and breathing in eight normal persons. The subjects were randomized into two groups. One night the subject was studied with the nose open and a second night with the nose obstructed. The electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, inspiratory effort, nasal and oral airflow, and oxygen saturation were monitored. Sleep proved to be both subjectively and objectively disturbed. The subjects with the nose obstructed awoke more often, had a greater number of changes in sleep stage, had a prolongation of rapid‐eye‐movement (REM) latency, and spent a greater amount of time in stage I non‐REM sleep (light sleep). Acute nasal obstruction caused a statistically significant increase in the number of partial and total obstructive respiratory events (obstructive hypopnea and obstructive apnea). Sleep apnea developed in one subject during this study merely on the basis of acute nasal obstruction.
Aminoglycoside Ototoxicity in the Neonatal Period: Possible Etiologic Factor in Delayed Postural Control
Authors: Eviatar Lydia , Eviatar Abraham
Published: January 2017

Forty‐three infants, treated with aminoglycosides during the neonatal period, were tested repeatedly over a period of two to five years for neurovestibular responses. Results of testing were compared with those obtained from a group of 276 healthy newborns followed simultaneously. No abnormalities were found in the untreated group. Among the treated infants, three had a sensorineural hearing loss and eight had laboratory evidence of vestibular dysfunction and delay of head and postural control.
Perineurial Invasion of the Facial Nerve: A Case Report with Extension from Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Strauss Melvin , Cohen Cynthia
Published: January 2017

A case report is presented of an unusual occurrence of peripheral facial nerve paresis owing to isolated perineurial extension from a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Current evidence dispels the previously held belief that perineural invasion and extension occurs in lymphatic spaces. The clinical importance of recognizing this route of spread by tumors of the head and neck is discussed.
Adult Onset Laryngeal Papillomatosis
Authors: Johnson Jonas T. , Barnes E. Leon , Justice Wiley
Published: January 2017

The charts of 22 patients with an onset of laryngeal papillomatosis after age 18 were reviewed retrospectively. The typical patient had hoarseness. Airway obstruction did not occur in this series. One half of the patients had one recurrence or less of their papilloma. The remainder of the patients encountered multiple recurrences.

The histologic criteria of mitosis and dysplasia reflected recent past activity and correlated poorly with subsequent clinical behavior.

Malignancy did not occur in the larynx of any of these adult onset laryngeal papilloma patients followed from 1 to 20 years.
The Development of Facial Muscles and Nerves in Relation to the Möbius Syndrome
Authors: Carlson Bruce M.
Published: January 2017

This paper discusses descriptive and experimental embryologic material that may be of relevance in understanding the pathologic findings of, and attempting treatment of, congenital facial paralysis. The embryology of the human facial nerves and muscles is described. In experimental animals muscles undergo early stages of morphogenesis and differentiation in the absence of nerves and then undergo gradual atrophy. In the absence of muscle fibers, the bulk of embryonic motor nerves that would normally innervate the muscle die.
Malignant Pyoderma
Authors: Salassa John R. , Winkelmann R.K. , McDonald Thomas J.
Published: January 2017

Malignant pyoderma is a rare inflammatory pyoderma of unknown cause with characteristic destructive and necrotizing ulcers limited to the face, neck, and upper trunk. The typical lesions are small, purulent, periauricular ulcers. Enlargement and coalescence result in extensive lesions that may ultimately destroy portions of the external ear. The histopathologic findings are acute and chronic inflammation with necrosis. Treatment consists of long‐term systemic corticosteroids. We present two new cases and alert otolaryngologists to the seriousness of this disease.
Selective Section of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve for the Treatment of Spastic Dysphonia: An Experimental Study and Preliminary Clinical Report
Authors: Carpenter Robert J. , Snyder G. Gordon , Henley‐Cohn Julian L.
Published: January 2017

The experimental and clinical results of the surgical treatment of patients with spastic dysphonia by selective section of the adductor branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve are described. Experimental selective nerve section in dogs appears to retain cordal abduction during inspiration while producing a partial adductor paralysis. Selective section of the recurrent laryngeal nerve has been performed in four patients with 18‐ to 24‐month follow‐up. Speech results have been good with maintenance of partial vocal cord motion. No patient has experienced a return of spasticity. We theorize that selective nerve section may decrease the likelihood of the long‐term failure that has been seen with complete nerve section by preventing medial fixation of the paralyzed vocal cord.
Enhancement of Eye Motor Response and Electrical Brain Activity during Noise and Vibration in Rabbits
Authors: Pyykkö Ilmari , Matsuoka Izuru , Ito Shinsuke , Hinoki Manabe
Published: January 2017

The relationship between electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye movements was studied in rabbits during optokinetic, vestibular, and optovestibular tests. EEG was recorded through permanently implanted electrodes. Exposure to noise and vibration increased the frequency and the velocity of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). The increase was greater during vibration but greatest during combined noise and vibration. EEG activity was closely linked to changes in OKN and was particularly evident with the appearance of theta waves in the dorsal hippocampus. Also, rotation of the rabbit produced considerable activation in the EEG.
Distribution of Compensable Hearing Loss in Industry
Authors: Heffler Allan J.
Published: January 2017

Most State Workers' Compensation Acts base their determinations of impairment for occupational hearing loss on the formula developed by the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and adopted by the American Medical Association in 1971. The professional literature tends to focus on the monetary awards for total hearing loss and thus gives the impression that extremely severe hearing loss is common among industrial workers.

A study of 8,953 industrial employees shows that 1,120, or 12.5%, are compensable. Of these, 61.5% have 5% impairment or less; 74.1% have no more than 10% impairment, and 86.7% are 20% impaired. These findings suggest that hearing professionals have the opportunity to make a major social‐economic contribution to industrial management and labor by applying their expertise to the prevention of occupational hearing loss.
Procedures for the Selection of Spastic Dysphonia Patients for Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Section
Authors: Ludlow Christy L. , Naunton Ralph F. , Bassich Celia J.
Published: January 2017

Patients with spastic dysphonia were studied to identify the characteristics of patients benefiting from recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) surgery. Studies included laryngeal video recordings made during speech, measures of frequency and amplitude variations during extended phonation, the effects of altered auditory feedback on dysfluencies, and temporary unilateral RLN block. Two patients had vocal fold adductor spasms during connected speech, had increased acoustic phonatory tremor in frequency, were not benefited by altered auditory feedback, and responded favorably to nerve block. Subsequent RLN section improved the speech of both patients. Other patients had speech blocks, repetitions and prolongations, vocal fold tremors during phonation, reduced dysfluencies during altered auditory feedback, and were not benefited by temporary nerve block. Two subtypes of spastic dysphonic patients are proposed.
New Concepts of Cerebellar Control of Eye Movements
Authors: Zee David S.
Published: January 2017

We can now, at least tentatively, relegate some oculomotor functions to particular portions of the cerebellum and thus infer which cerebellar structures are malfunctioning in the presence of particular groups of oculomotor signs. The dorsal cerebellar vermis and underlying fastigial nuclei function in the control of saccade amplitude. Consequently, saccadic inaccuracy (dysmetria) and macrosaccadic oscillations are signs of pathology in the dorsal vermis/fastigial nuclei. The floccular‐nodular lobe functions in the control of a number of retinal image‐stabilizing reflexes, including smooth pursuit, visual modulation of the vestibulo‐ocular reflex, and holding positions of gaze. Defective smooth tracking, impaired fixation suppression of caloric‐induced nystagmus, and gaze‐evoked nystagmus are signs of vestibulocerebellar lesions. Furthermore, the elaboration of long‐term, adaptive changes in saccadic and vestibular performance depends on these same structures. Consequent defects are persistent oscillopsia and imbalance.