bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Narratological Analysis of the Oriental Focalized in Christie’s Appointment With Death and A Caribbean Mystery
Authors: SÖNMEZ DEMİR Yağmur
Published: March 2024

The implications of Agatha Christie’s works are multifarious; however, her texts are understudied when compared to those of her contemporaries. Much has been written about the generic qualities of her detective fiction, and the representation of women and class hierarchies in her works. However, her texts are rarely subjected to narratological analysis. Her works of detective fiction Appointment with Death (1938) and A Caribbean Mystery (1964) are set in former colonies of Britain, and through Western narrators and focal characters, Christie presents an Orientalist perspective. While the onlookers and the tellers are Westerners in these novels, the objects of their narration are oriental landscapes and people. As the image of the objects of focalization presented to readers in a literary text is constructed by the focalizers, the narrative abounds with their subjective views. By closely reading a text, a reader can gain insight into the focalizer and its relationship to the focalized. In these novels, the hegemony of the West over the East, and the Westerners’ biased perceptions are made apparent. Through a comparative narratological analysis of the focalized objects in these novels, this study aims to shed new light on how Christie’s novels lay bare the biased attitudes of Westerners towards the Oriental focalized.
جمالية البنية اللغوية في قصة موسى عليه السلام في القرآن الكريم
Authors: ALAHMAD Mohamad
Published: March 2024

يبلغ الترابط بين البنية اللغوية والمعاني التي تتجلّى من خلالها أعلى مستوياته في النظم القرآني. وقصة موسى عليه السلام التي سردها القرآن الكريم في سورة القصص نموذج جليّ للمتلقي، يستطيع من خلاله معرفة أحد أهم أسباب إعجاز القرآن التي تتمثّل في روعة نظمه وسحر بيانه وجمال بنيته اللغوية.

سعى هذا البحث إلى الكشف عن مكامن جمالية البنية اللغوية في قصة موسى عليه السلام في سورة القصص في القرآن الكريم، وذلك من خلال تتبع الأصوات والألفاظ والبنية النحوية والبنية الحوارية التي جاءت في هذه القصّة، ودرس العلاقة بينها وبين المعاني التي أراد القرآن الكريم إيصالها إلى المتلقي، وحاول البحث إبراز دقة القرآن الكريم في اختيار بنية لغوية مناسبة لهذه القصة، والوقوف على جمالية هذه البنية.

وتمّ الوصول إلى عدّة نتائج أهمها أن قصة موسى عليه السلام في سورة القصص امتازت بدقة اختيار بنية لغوية تآزرت فيها الأصوات والمفردات والجمل في بلوغ المعاني إلى المتلقي على أفضل وجه، وتآزرت أيضًا في منح البنية اللغوية في هذه القصة جمالية منقطعة النظير.
Son Dönem Çağatay Türkçesiyle Yazılan Misbâhu’l-Envâr Adlı Eserde “Yör-” Fiili ve Anlamları
Authors: EKER Ümit
Published: March 2024

“yör-” fiili Türk dilinde Eski Uygur Türkçesi döneminden itibaren yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Fiil tarihî Türk lehçelerinde daha çok “hareket etmek, gitmek, dolaşmak, gezmek, gezinmek, yürümek, çözmek, yorumlamak (tabir etmek)” anlamlarında kullanılmış olup fiilin daha az kullanılan “yaşamak” anlamı da Orhun Türkçesi döneminden itibaren değişen yoğunluklarda kullanımını devam ettirerek günümüze kadar ulaşmayı başarmıştır.

Bu çalışmada son dönem Çağatay Türkçesiyle yazılmış Misbâhu’l-Envâr adlı eserdeki “yör-” fiili kullanımları incelenmiştir. Fiilin özellikle “yaşamak” anlamında, çekimli ve çekimsiz fiil olarak hangi ek ve yapılarla kullanıldığı ortaya konulmuştur. Eski Uygur Türkçesinden itibaren Türk dilinin bütün tarihî dönemlerinden çeşitli eserler seçilip taranarak “yör-” fiilinin “yaşamak” anlamı merkezindeki kullanımları ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır.

Buna göre “yör-” fiili Orhun ve Eski Uygur Türkçesinde daha çok “yürümek, hareket etmek, gitmek, dolaşmak, gezinmek, uygulamak, yürütmek, çözmek, yorumlamak/tabir etmek” anlamlarında kullanılmış olup “yaşamak” anlamı bu dönemde henüz oluşum aşamasındadır. Fiilin bu anlamdaki kullanımı, sırasıyla Karahanlı, Harezm ve Çağatay Türkçesi dönemlerinde değişen yoğunluklarda devam etmiş, Çağatay Türkçesinin ardılı Özbek ve Yeni Uygur Türkçelerinde de varlığını sürdürmüştür.

Son dönem Çağatay Türkçesiyle yazılan Misbâhu’l-Envâr’da “yaşamak” anlamında 11 kullanım bulunmaktadır. Fiilin özellikle “görülen geçmiş zaman, geniş zaman, gelecek/geniş zaman, şart kipi” gibi farklı zaman/kip ekleriyle kullanımı, bu işlevdeki kullanımın genişliğini gösterir. Fiil, çekimsiz fiil olarak da sıfat fiil ve zarf fiil ekleriyle kullanılmıştır.
Reliability and Validity of ÇAĞIN Hand and Foot Reaction Tests Protocol
Authors: ÇAĞIN Musab , ÇİMEN POLAT Sezen , ORHAN Özlem , ÇETİN Ebru , ABDİOĞLU Mekki , YARIM İmdat , CİCİOĞLU Halil İbrahim
Published: March 2024

The present study aims to test the reliability and validity of ÇAĞIN Hand and Foot Reaction Tests. A total of 120 athletes, 60 under the age of 18 and 60 over the age of 18 who were actively playing soccer, participated in the study. ÇAĞIN Hand and Foot Reaction Tests were applied to the athletes participating in the study 3 times with 2-week intervals using FitLight Trainer and BlazePod devices. In order to determine the validity of the data obtained from the athletes by applying ÇAĞIN Hand and Foot Reaction Tests, two measurements made with the FitLight Trainer device at different times were compared, and in order to determine the reliability, measurements made with the FitLight Trainer and BlazePod device on different days were compared and analyzed. Paired Simple T-Test in SPSS 26.0 package program was applied to determine both validity and reliability. According to the findings obtained, the validity and reliability correlation coefficients of all 6 tests in the ÇAĞIN Hand and Foot Reaction Tests were found to be r>0.70 (p
Study of the Subacute Toxicity of Dry Bark of Albizia ferruginea (Mimosaceae) (Guill. &Perr.) Berth. in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Minoue Kuum G.M. , Tchadji J.C. , Ndji  Otto G.L. , Dimo T.
Published: March 2024

This present work aimed to assess the subacute toxicity of the total aqueous extract of the dry bark of Albizia ferruginea in rats. Subacute toxicity was done in accordance with 2008 OECD Guideline 407, for oral toxicity at a daily dose for 28 days in rodents. The animals were divided into six groups of 10 rats each (5 males and 5 females). One control group received 10 mL/kg of distilled water, three groups received 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of extract respectively, one satellite control group and one satellite treated group received 10 mL/kg of distilled water and 800 mg/kg extract respectively. After 28 days of treatment, the satellite groups were left under observation without treatment for an additional 14 days. Behavior, body weight and death rate were monitored during the experimental period. The relative weight of some organs, hematological and biochemical parameters and the histopathological study of the liver, kidneys and lungs were evaluated at the end of the experiment. There were no significant effects on body weight gain and the relative weight of organs investigated. At the 800 mg/kg dose, there was a significant increase in the level of monocytes by 26.53%; the mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCHT) of 18.18%; and in the corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of 20.70 %, only in male rats. ALT and ASAT activity were increased significantly in both male and female rats. These increases were not seen in satellite treated rats. The histology of the organs investigated showed no difference when comparing the treated rats to the control rats. The subacute toxicity study of total aqueous extract of the dry bark of Albizia ferruginea did not show any signs of significant toxicity for parameters studied in rats.
Desde el año 2068: Ficciones visionarias e imaginarios de archivo en una serie de carteles
Authors: Hoechtl Nina
Published: March 2024

Organizado en torno al proyecto “ausgetrickst and eingenommen Eine feministische Raum-Pflege in two Arbeitsgängen” [“saboteado y ocupado. Un mantenimiento feminista del espacio en dos operaciones”] (2006) de ArchFem, este artículo explora cómo el proyecto y su iteración aumentada “Aus dem Jahr 2068” [desde el año 2068] en 2021, concebida por mí misma en colaboración con ArchFem, INVASORIX y la Secretaría de Fantasmas, Políticas del Archivo y Vacíos (SKGAL, por sus siglas en alemán), involucran tanto la ciencia ficción como el archivo como espacios para imaginar y organizar un cambio de manera inter y transgeneracional con una comprensión de su carácter situado en el tiempo y el espacio, el lenguaje y la cultura.
Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Peserta Didik dengan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Metaphorical Thinking
Authors: Wahid Rahmatul , Susanto Andi , Eliza Rivdya , Azmir Safinah
Published: March 2024

Tulisan ini membahas tentang kemampuan koneksi matematis peserta didik yang belajar dengan pendekatan metaphorical thinking di kelas VIII MTsN 6 Kota Padang. Penelitian ini adalah quasy experiment dengan randomized control group only design. Populasinya adalah seluruh kelas VIII MTsN 6 Kota Padang yang terdiri dari 14 kelas dengan VIII.13 dan VIII.14 sebagai kelas sampel. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan koneksi matematis dan dianalisis secara statistic seperti uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji-t. Hasil tes kemampuan koneksi matematis peserta didik yaitu kelas eksperimen 82.03 dan kelas kontrol 76.08. Uji hipotesis dengan  = 0.05 diperoleh ttabel = 1.67 dan thitung = . Dengan demikian  ditolak dan  diterima. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan koneksi matematis peserta didik yang belajar dengan pendekatan metaphorical tinking lebih tinggi dari yang tidak menggunakan pendekatan tersebut. Dari hasil ini diharapkan guru dapat menerapkan pendekatan pembelajaran metaphorical thinking.
Analisis Analisis Kemampuan Penalaran Adaptif Peserta Didik dalam Menyelesaikan Soal HOTS Berdasarkan Gaya Kognitif dan Kecerdasan Emosional
Authors: Yanti Aning Wida , Laily Annur Roshida
Published: March 2024

Penalaran adaptif merupakan proses berpikir secara logis yang mana menghubungkan konsep dan situasi dalam memberikan alasan dan memeriksa suatu argumen. Gaya kognitif dan kecerdasan emosional akan mempengaruhi siswa dalam memahami permasalahan. Banyak siswa yang menggunakan penalaran hafalan dan kesulitan menemukan pola dan kesimpulan berdasarkan soal yang diberikan, terutama dalam menyelesaikan soal Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan penalaran adaptif peserta didik dalam menyelesaikan soal HOTS berdasarkan gaya kognitif dan kecerdasan emosional. Indikator penalaran adaptif yang digunakan yaitu menyusun dugaan, memeriksa argumen dari soal yang diberikan, memberikan jawaban dengan menemukan model matematis, dan memeriksa jawaban dengan penarikan kesimpulan berdasarkan penyelesaian soal yang diberikan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah dua kelompok peserta didik dengan gaya kognitif field dependent (FD) dan field independent (FI) dimana masing-masing terdiri dari dua peserta didik yang memiliki kecerdasan emosional tinggi dan dua kecerdasan emosional rendah dari kelas VIII MTsN 6 Ponorogo. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu tes penalaran adaptif dan pedoman wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik yang memiliki tingkat kecerdasan emosional tinggi relatif dapat memahami konteks soal dengan baik sehingga dapat merencanakan dalam menyelesaikan soal. Sedangkan peserta didik dengan tingkat kecerdasan emosional rendah relatif belum memahami konteks dengan baik, sehingga belum merencanakan dalam menyelesaikan soal dengan perhitungan yang tepat atas soal yang diberikan.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Siswa SMA Kelas XI Ditinjau Berdasarkan Gender pada Materi Matriks
Authors: Fitriatien Sri Rahmawati , Khotimah Khusnul
Published: March 2024

Rendahnya kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa terhadap konsep-konsep matematika masih mengalami kesulitan dalam menerapkan perhitungan sederhana dan memilih operasi yang akan diselesaikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa SMA kelas XI ditinjau berdasarkan gender pada materi matriks. Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan deskriptif pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian kelas XI Matematika 3 berjumlah 6 siswa yang terdiri dari 3 siswa laki-laki dan 3 siswa perempuan dipilih berdasarkan kategori kemampuan pemahaman matematis. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode tes, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrument penelitian berupa tes uraian sebanyak 4 butir soal cerita berdasarkan indikator kemampuan pemahaman matematis. Analisis data penelitian ini terdiri dari, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa laki-laki dan siswa perempuan sudah mampu menerapkan suatu konsep perhitungan matriks secara algoritmik. Sedangkan, siswa laki-laki pada kategori tinggi sudah mampu menggunakan dan memilih prosedur operasi matriks secara matematis. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara siswa laki-laki dan siswa perempuan secara keseluruhan sudah mampu menyelesaikan soal tes dengan baik, walaupun pada soal terakhir kebanyakan tidak diselesaikan menggunakan cara matriks.
Analisis Pembelajaran Matematika dengan Mengimplementasikan Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Azizah Nur , Wardani Hizmi
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) Untuk mengetahui modul ajar ajar matematika dengan  mengimplementasian kurikulum merdeka di SMP Negeri 22 Medan; 2) Mengetahui proses pembelajaran matematika dengan mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka di SMP Negeri 22 Medan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif yang lebih menekankan analisa atau deskritif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah dua orang Guru matematika dan siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 22 Medan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan, yaitu observasi,  wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan; 1) Bahwa pada aspek perencanaan pembelajaran, yaitu modul ajar yang dikembangkan oleh Guru matematika pertama di SMP Negeri 22 Medan sudah sesuai dengan modul ajar berdasarkan kurikulum merdeka dengan persentase sebesar 69,27% pada kategori cukup baik. Sedangkan modul ajar yang dikembangkan oleh guru matematika kedua di SMP Negeri 22 Medan sudah sesuai dengan modul ajar berdasarkan kurikulum merdeka dengan persentase sebesar 82,81% pada kategori baik; 2) Pada aspek pelaksanaan pembelajaran matematika yang dilaksanakan oleh guru matematika pertama SMP Negeri 22 Medan sudah sesuai dengan modul ajar yang dikembangkan dengan persentase sebesar 58,59% pada kategori cukup baik. Sedangkan pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan oleh guru matematika kedua SMP Negeri 22 Medan sudah sesuai dengan modul ajar yang dikembangkan dengan persentase sebesar 77,34% pada kategori baik.  Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika dengan mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka sudah terlaksana dengan baik.
Analisis Kesulitan Siswa Ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif Field Independent dan Field Dependent
Authors: Ginting Sri Defina , Nasution Haryati Ahda
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis kesulitan siswa dalam pemecahan masalah matematika materi barisan dan deret aritmatika ditinjau dari gaya kognitif field independent (FI) dan gaya kognitif field dependent (FD) di kelas XI SMA Negeri 21 Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini berlokasi di SMA Negeri 21 Medan. Penelitian ini melibatkan siswa kelas XI IPA 1 yang berjumlah adalah 35 siswa. Prosedur pengumpulan yang digunakan, yaitu tes Geft, tes pemecahan masalah, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui terlihat bahwa peserta didik dengan gaya kognitif FI lebih cepat mengingat kembali materi yang telah disampaikan oleh guru. peserta didik dengan gaya kognitif FD tidak dapat menentukan rencana dan tidak dapat menentukan rumus yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah. Secara keseluruhan terlihat bahwa peserta didik dengan gaya kognitif FD kurang dalam mengingat kembali materi yang disampaikan oleh guru.
Sosialisasi Pengembangan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Berbantuan Geogebra Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis di SMP 1 Parulian Medan
Authors: Panjaitan Hendrikson , Binnner Sihaloho
Published: March 2024

This community service aims to: (1) Provide education and training regarding Geogebra-assisted learning development to training participants (teachers), (2) Increase motivation and good mental attitude, to develop their own teaching modules. This community service was carried out at SMP1 Parulian Medan. The partner in this activity is SMP Parulian 1 Medan. The methods in this community service are: (1) Analyzing the situation and needs, (2) After analyzing the situation and needs, the next step is to set PKM objectives, (3) Designing training, mentoring and workshop models, (4) Expert validation, (5) Implementation, (6) Evaluation The results of this activity include: (1) the participants understand and can create teaching materials in the form of modules, worksheets, (2) the participants' motivation to create their own teaching modules increases.
Upaya Peningkatan Kesehatan Remaja Dalam Menghindari Kehamilan Diluar Nikah
Authors: Lasmi Handayani  , Heni Suraida Rahayu  , Christy Olivia  , Dwi Wachyu N  , Ika Meirini  , Nila Qurniasih
Published: March 2024

The phenomenon of teenagers getting pregnant out of wedlock, especially in Indonesia, is increasing. The risk of pregnancy out of wedlock physiologically, psychologically and socially causes several impacts, one of which is the emergence of depression due to the negative stigma that society places on these teenagers. As for the analysis of the causes of pregnancy that occurs, one of them is the lack of information regarding reproductive health in adolescents, so the solution is to carry out reproductive health education activities for adolescents regarding pregnancy outside of marriage. This community outreach activity was carried out on January 12 2024 at the Paguyuban Middle School in Bandar Agung Village and was attended by 40 people. The methods used in this activity are lectures, discussions, direct demonstrations and questions and answers and before and after this activity a pretest and posttest are given. So with this activity it is hoped that the community, especially teenagers, will be able to understand and realize the importance of knowledge about pregnancy outside of marriage. The aim of this outreach to the community is to synthesize creative ideas through educational outreach programs by carrying out preventive and promotive efforts in preventing and dealing with out-of-wedlock pregnancies among teenagers.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan KB Implan pada WUS di Desa Bandar Agung Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sribhawono
Authors: Siti Zulaikah  , Evi Rianti  , Vibri Fitri Agustin  , Sri Lestari  , Tri Yuni Handasari  , Nila Qurniasih
Published: March 2024

The main problem in Indonesia is the population growth rate which is still high with a percentage of 278.8 million in 2023. This problem can be prevented by using contraceptives that are effective and have long-term effects, one example is the use of birth control implants. Bandar Agung village is a village with a population of 17,000 people and consists of WUS. Based on data, the majority of the population still does not use long-term contraceptives, on average 70% of people prefer to use injectable contraceptives. One of the reasons for mothers' interest in using contraceptive implants is the mother's lack of knowledge about implants. So the solution offered to this problem is to provide education regarding implant contraception. The methods used in this activity are lectures, discussions and questions and answers. So with this activity, it is hoped that the community, especially women, will be able to understand and realize the importance of using family planning, one of which is implantable family planning and that there will be an increase in knowledge for WUS by 75%. With this program in the Puskesmas area, it is hoped that the community, especially women, can carry out implant contraception to reduce the high population growth rate
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DA ALIMENTAÇÃO SAUDÁVEL PARA PESSOA IDOSA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: SILVA SUELANE RENATA DE ANDRADE , Araújo Kydja Milene Souza Torres de , Xavier Maria Lucrécia de Aquino Gouveia , Silva Antonia Leda Oliveira
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: conhecer as evidências científicas das representações sociais sobre a alimentação saudável no comportamento alimentar de idosos. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizando buscas em portais e bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, SciELO, Web of Science, SCOPUS e PUBMED. Foram incluídos os estudos disponibilizados em português, inglês ou espanhol com população idosa (idade ≥60 anos), sem filtros para ano de publicação e estar diretamente relacionado ao tema. Foram excluídos publicações não disponíveis eletronicamente na íntegra e que não atenderam à pergunta da pesquisa. Extraíram-se as informações referentes em autor(es)/ano de publicação, tipo de estudo/ amostra, objetivo, e os principais resultados. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada pelos instrumentos Critical Appraisal Skill Programme e Agency for Health care and Research and Quality. Para o delineamento da seleção dos artigos utilizou-se o fluxograma do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses, além da participação de dois pesquisadores de forma simultânea e independente. Resultados: Os principais resultados “denunciam” a escassez de estudos que abordem as representações sociais da alimentação, exclusivamente para pessoas idosas. Foram classificados três grupos para descrição das representações sociais: às relacionadas ao alimento; as vinculadas à doença que emanaram a preocupação com a alimentação; e a alimentação representada socialmente como preocupação com a saúde e bem estar. Conclusão: as representações sociais sobre a alimentação saudável no comportamento alimentar de idosos é um tema complexo, limitado e pouco discutido, no entanto, de forma indireta foi possível  vislumbrar representações sociais relacionadas à temática.
Acoustic and kinematic predictors of intelligibility and articulatory precision in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Thompson Austin , Kim Yunjung
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study investigated relationships within and between perceptual, acoustic, and kinematic measures in speakers with and without dysarthria due to Parkinson’s disease (PD) across different clarity conditions. Additionally, the study assessed the predictive capabilities of selected acoustic and kinematic measures for intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings.Methods: Forty participants, comprising 22 with PD and 18 controls, read three phrases aloud under conversational, less clear, and more clear speaking conditions. Acoustic measures and their theoretical kinematic parallel measures (i.e., acoustic and kinematic distance and vowel space area [VSA]; F2 slope and kinematic speed) were obtained from the diphthong /aɪ/ and selected vowels in the sentences. A total of 368 listeners from crowdsourcing provided ratings for intelligibility and articulatory precision. The research questions were examined using correlations and linear mixed-effects models.Results: Overall, intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings were highly correlated across all speakers. Acoustic and kinematic distance showed a moderate correlation, while acoustic and kinematic VSA exhibited no correlation. Among the measures, acoustic VSA and kinematic distance were robust predictors of both intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings.Conclusions: The positive predictive relationships observed between acoustic VSA and kinematic distance in relation to intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings support the use of behavioral modifications aimed at eliciting larger articulatory gestures to improve intelligibility in individuals with dysarthria due to PD.
The Strengths and Drawbacks of Measuring Self-Reported and Digitally Traced Social Networks
Authors: Rosenberg Joshua , King Ashley , Swartzentruber Rita M. , Carpenter Jeffrey P.
Published: March 2024

This chapter explores the strengths and drawbacks of using digital traces of interactions on social media as a measure of educators’ professional networks. We first review prior research on how perceived (self-reported) and observed (via digital trace) networks compare. We then leverage a unique data set of both teachers' (n = 120 respondents) perceptions of their professional network associated with the #NGSSchat X/Twitter hashtag for science educators, and observed measures of the interactions of teachers (n = 10,785 users) in the same network. Based on these two data sources, we compare the size of the network, centrality measures, and alignment of self-reported interactions. These show that the network on Twitter is larger and has different central individuals than those identified through the survey results. This study offers insights into the use of digital data in studying teachers' social networks and provides practical implications for researchers studying teachers' digital networks. Specifically, we recommend that analysts carefully describe and justify their use of individual methods and consider using multiple methods.
Psychiatric Comorbidity and Severity in Anorexia Nervosa: A Comparative Study of the DSM-5, the ICD-11, and Overvaluation of Weight/Shape Severity Ratings
Authors: Dang An , Kiropoulos Litza , Castle David , SVHM Zoe Jenkins - , Phillipou Andrea , Rossell Susan , Krug isabel
Published: March 2024

Objective: This study assessed the rate of a.) the total and b.) specific psychiatric comorbidities among three severity ratings for Anorexia Nervosa (AN): DSM-5, ICD-11 and overvaluation of weight and shape (OWS). Method: The sample comprised 312 treatment-seeking patients with AN (mean age = 26.9). Weight and height were taken at intake to calculate BMI, the foundation for the DSM-5 and ICD-11 severity indices. The EDE-Q was used to assess OWS and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was conducted to assess psychiatric comorbidities Result: For the DSM-5, the mild severity group showed a higher total number of psychiatric comorbidity, especially for panic, social anxiety, generalised anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorders compared to the severe and extremely severe groups. ICD-11 and OWS severity groups did not significantly differ in total comorbidities, except for major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorders being more prevalent in the "significantly low BMI" ICD-11 group. The high OWS group displayed a notably higher rate of major depressive disorder than the low OWS group. Discussion: The study underscores inconsistent patterns across the three severity systems, emphasising the need to recognise the current limitations of the assessed severity classification systems in AN assessment and guiding treatment.
Religious Identity Development and Psychological Adjustment Among Muslim Adolescents: Results from the Identity Project Intervention in Germany
Authors: Wenzing Julia Marie Christina , Schachner Maja , Karataş Savaş , Juang Linda P.
Published: March 2024

Identity formation constitutes a key developmental process during adolescence. This study extends previous research on ethnic identity development by focusing on the religious identity development of Muslim youth in Germany. Using a longitudinal waitlist control group design, we tested if Muslim ethnic minority students (N = 128; Mage = 13.43, SDage = 0.84, 43% female) who participated in an 8-week school-based intervention, the Identity Project, would show greater exploration of their religious identity, leading to increases in their religious identity resolution and in turn resulting in better psychological adjustment (i.e., higher self-esteem, less depressive symptoms) and higher global identity. Preliminary analyses revealed that Muslim youth in our sample are characterized by high religious identity during adolescence, represented by high values on religious identity exploration and resolution. Latent-change score models demonstrated that greater changes in Muslim youth’s religious identity exploration predicted higher religious identity resolution, resulting in better self-acceptance and a higher sense of global identity. However, Muslim youth who showed a clear sense of their religious identity, did not indicate less affective and somatic depressive symptoms. We conclude that for Muslim youth religion seems to constitute an important part of their identity while promoting their positive adjustment. Our results indicate that multicultural approaches in schools – such as the Identity Project – should not only respond to students’ ethnic identities but should also more explicitly cater to their religious identities.
Abstract Language and Concrete Languages
Authors: Krishna Gopal
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we logically establish that every human being of normal brain development has the same abstract language (word-less/soundless language) in which one has the knowledge of some fundamental properties of all physical sensations coming through senses or internally felt physical sensations and various objects, qualities, events and processes and that we later develop word-based/sound-based concrete language from the elders in which we express the word-less knowledge of the abstract language using various words and also do complex pattern of thinking, knowledge-building and knowledge transmission.
The development and protocol for testing a co-created digital intervention (Sentinel) to improve mental wellbeing and help manage and prevent trauma in first responders
Authors: Cogan Nicola , Kirk Alison , Rodriguez Christoph Graf
Published: March 2024

First responders (FRs) are at high risk of being exposed to traumatic events in their occupational roles. Limited evidence-based support has been offered to FRs who have experienced occupational trauma using digital interventions (DIs). OBJECTIVE: To gain evidence from FRs relating to the impact of exposure to occupational trauma and describe the development of and planned protocol for testing an evidence-based, co-created DI called Sentinel to help manage and prevent trauma among FRs. METHODS: In phase 1, we conducted 52 interviews with FRs from fire and emergency, police, and emergency healthcare to explore the needs, views and experiences on using DI to support mental health. During phase 2, we developed the DI (Sentinel) content in consultation with current evidence, policy, theory and FRs experience. In phase 3, we plan to conduct a series of codesign workshops and development sprints to test and refine the DI (Sentinel). In phase 4, we will conduct a mixed methods non-randomized study to determine the feasibility, acceptability, usability and safety of the DI (Sentinel). RESULTS: We expect data to be collected from up to 50 FRs for feasibility testing. We expect to conduct approximately 30 qualitative interviews with FRs who engaged in the Sentinel trial and 20 health and social care professionals who referred FRs to the study. CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide preliminary evidence on the feasibility, acceptability, safety, usability and implementation potential of the DI (Sentinel). The findings will inform the decision to proceed with a powered efficacy trial.
How appraisals of an in-group’s collective history shape collective identity and action: Evidence in relation to African identity
Authors: Makanju Damilola , Livingstone Andrew G , Sweetman Joseph , Okafor Chiedozie O. , Attoh Franca
Published: March 2024

This research tested the impact of how group members appraise their collective history on in-group identification and group-based action in the African context. Across three experiments (Ns = 950; 270; and 259) with Nigerian participants, we tested whether the effect of the appraised valence of the in-group’s collective history on in-group engagement, in turn depends on whether that history is also appraised as subjectively important. In Study 1, findings from exploratory moderated-mediation analyses indicated that the appraised negative valence of African history was associated with an increase in identification and group-based action when African history was appraised as unimportant (history-as-contrast). Conversely, the appraised positive valence of African history was also associated with an increase in identification and group-based action when African history was also appraised as important (history-as-inspiration). Studies 2a and 2b then orthogonally manipulated the valance and subjective importance of African history. However, findings from Studies 2a and 2b did not replicate those of Study 1. Altogether, our findings suggest that the relationship between historical representations of groups and in-group identification and group-based action in the present is more complex than previously acknowledged.
Verbal stimuli allow for symmetrical S-R priming effects between size and space
Authors: Richter Melanie , Wühr Peter
Published: March 2024

The spatial-size association of response codes (SSARC) effect refers to the observation that left responses are faster and more accurate to small stimuli whereas right responses are faster and more accurate to large stimuli, as compared to the reverse assignment. The underlying spatial-size associations are strongly asymmetrical with physical size/location stimuli and vocal location/size responses and allow for regular but not reciprocal SSARC effects. Recent evidence, however, points towards an important role of stimulus mode in the emergence of reciprocal compatibility effects. We investigated the reciprocity of the SSARC effect with a different stimulus mode, namely with verbal size/location stimuli and vocal responses. In a size-location task, participants vocally responded to the words “small” or “large” by saying “left” or “right” according to a compatible (“small”-“left”/“large”-“right”) or an incompatible mapping (“small”-“right”/“large”-“left”). In a location-size task, participants vocally responded to the words “left” or “right” by saying “small” or “large” according to a compatible (“left”-“small”/“right”-“large”) or an incompatible (“left”-“large”/“right”-“small”) mapping. We observed a regular and a reciprocal SSARC effect of similar size indicating symmetrical spatial-size associations. While regular SSARC effects thus emerge with verbal and physical size stimuli, reciprocal SSARC effects only emerge with verbal but not with physical location stimuli and vocal responses. Existing theoretical accounts of the SSARC effect differ in whether they predict reciprocal effects and whether they can account for the effect of stimulus mode on the reciprocal SSARC effect.
An Easy-to-Follow Handbook for EEG Data Analysis based on Python
Authors: Lu Zitong , Li Wanru , Nie Lu , Zhao Kuangshi
Published: March 2024

Now published in Brain-X doi: 10.1002/brx2.64 This easy-to-follow handbook offers a straightforward guide to EEG data analysis using Python, aimed at all EEG researchers in cognitive neuroscience and related fields. It covers the journey from single-subject data preprocessing to advanced processing techniques across subjects, with a focus on practical application using Python libraries such as NumPy, MNE-Python, SciPy, NeuroRA, etc. Designed for easy comprehension, our handbook can serve as an essential tool for anyone looking to delve into the field of EEG data analysis with Python.
“They are my safe haven”: The Importance of Personal and Social Resources for Refugee Youth and Youth of Immigrant Descent Mastering Acculturative Challenges and Developmental Tasks
Authors: Wenzing Julia Marie Christina , Alhaddad Lina , Schachner Maja , Hölscher Sophie
Published: March 2024

Immigrant-origin youth in Germany are faced with various acculturative challenges, including discrimination, language, and sociocultural hassles. Constituting additional stress to normative developmental tasks in adolescence, immigrant-origin youth are in need of supportive resources fostering their well-being. Drawing on the risk and resilience framework and applying a strength-based perspective, the current study investigated refugee youth’s and youth of immigrant descents’ perspectives on their main challenges, tasks, and resources in Germany. The present study paid special attention to the interplay of acculturative challenges and developmental tasks in relation to the youth’s resources and their psychological well-being. Semi-structured interviews with six refugee youth and five second-generation youth of immigrant descent including nine boys and two girls between the ages of 14 – 16 (Mage = 15.45, SDage = 0.69) were analyzed. Using thematic analysis, data was structured in four themes: 1) acculturative challenges, 2) developmental tasks, 3) personal resources, and 4) social resources. Results highlight the importance of personal (incl., individual characteristics, identity, religion) and social (incl., supportive friends, family, teachers) resources to master the range of acculturative challenges (incl., language barriers, perceived ethnic and religious discrimination, cultural differences) and developmental tasks (incl., negotiation of autonomy, academic future planning). In addition, results indicate the importance of social resources for refugee youth and youth of immigrant descent when dealing with discriminatory experiences. Our findings offer practical implications for schools in terms of interventions focusing on both the strengthening of personal and social resources, and the reduction of challenges to promote immigrant-origin youth’s psychological well-being.
The cognitive perspective in strategic choice
Authors: Midtgård Kenneth , Selart Marcus
Published: March 2024

This paper examines to what degree organizations use strategies that focus on maximizing shareholder value (Theory E) or if they use strategies emphasizing the development of organizational capability (Theory O). Applying a cognitive perspective in strategic choice, our main goal was to investigate to what extent cognitive biases influenced strategic choices. A survey was developed that measured different aspects of the cognitive perspective in strategic choice. It was distributed to managers of several medium-sized organizations in Scandinavia (n = 119). The results indicated that managers used mixed strategies (Theory E and O) contrary to recommendations. Results also revealed that illusions of control together with beliefs about change processes skewed the application of strategies towards Theory E. Theoretical and practical implications of the results were finally discussed enlightening the cognitive perspective in strategic choice.
Thematic Analysis of Interview Data with ChatGPT: Designing and Testing a Reliable Research Protocol for Qualitative Research
Authors: Goyanes Manuel , Lopezosa Carlos , Jordá Beatriz
Published: March 2024

In recent years, artificial intelligence has developed into a powerful tool for processing and generating human-like texts, unlocking innovative possibilities for quantitative and qualitative data analysis. In the case of qualitative research, artificial intelligence in general, and ChatGPT in particular, represent promising avenues to explore and examine textual transcriptions from interview data. This study is a step in this direction, advancing a reliable research protocol for using ChatGPT to conduct thematic analysis, which includes the following standard steps: 1) data preparation, 2) defining the analysis process, 3) chatbot interaction, 4) iterative process, 5) review and validation, and 6) analysis and interpretation. Results of the analysis revealed that ChatGPT may significantly facilitate qualitative data analysis exploration, especially during initial research stages and when dealing with extensive transcription material. Additionally, our protocol design is able to reliably identify different thematic patterns emerging from the text, although the granularity of the output may vary depending on the quality of the prompt and human intelligence interpretation. Accordingly, we conclude that despite its vast power, the ChatGPT model in its current state is unable to substitute the contextual insights and subtle metaphorical nuances associated with human qualitative analysis, interpretation and reflexivity.
Dual-process theory, behavioral research and the explanation of social inequalities
Authors: Barone Carlo
Published: March 2024

This article discusses how dual-process theory (DPT) can be articulated to provide a comprehensive toolbox to explain social inequalities. DPT posits that human behavior defaults to fast and intuitive rules of thumb, and that we are capable of switching to more reflective decision-making processes in certain situations. I argue that social scientists can use DPT to federate into a coherent framework several explanatory mechanisms reflecting a combination of intuitive and reflective processes relevant to different choice situations. For this purpose, we must first delineate the psychological architecture of dual processing, which involves the distinction between frames and heuristics, scripts and emotional responses among intuitive processes as well as between reflective processes of cognitive and of behavioral regulation. Second, I argue that DPT allows social scientists to specify systematically the conditions of activation of the two types of processes and the diverse interactions between them. Third, I derive a set of inequality mechanisms by connecting this framework to macro-level factors reflecting the uneven distribution of economic, social and cultural resources. I provide several empirical illustrations of the heuristic value of this approach relating to socioeconomic, gender and ethno-racial inequalities. Fourth, I suggest that DPT sheds light on a specific set of inequality-generating mechanisms identified in behavioral research that have been overlooked by mainstream social stratification theories and that relate to inequalities in decision-making processes.
The Creator God as Gnostic Demiurge, the Problem of Evil, and the True Nature of 'God'.
Authors: Blaber Richard Michael
Published: March 2024

As the present author has argued previously (in, e.g., Blaber, 2023b [1]; 2023c [2]), the presence of natural and moral evil in our world cannot be reconciled with the concept of a creator God who is omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent and supremely good, but can with one who is not good. Such a being, if he/she/it exists, would be more like the Gnostic Demiurge than the God of Judaism, Christianity or Islam. Gnosticism, however, posits the existence of a ‘true God’, and Hinduism offers the alternative concept of ‘Brahman’. Can either of these two concepts rescue ‘God’ from condemnation?
The Social Structure of Private Donations to Police
Authors: Shachter Simon Y. , Chandler Eric , Misra Kiran , Vargas Robert
Published: March 2024

What is the scale and structure of private donations to police departments? Previous studies have focused on police foundations moving tens of millions of dollars. Using a unique data license from Guidestar Candid—all nonprofit organization tax returns from 2014-2019—we describe a larger and integrated world of organizations moving private money to police. We introduce the concept of police finance organizations, private entities that channel material resources in support of police departments without facing the same levels of public accountability, regulations, and transparency as the police departments themselves. Our exploratory data analysis and social network methods revealed three types of these organizations: 1) connectors, 2) boosters, and 3) havens. Connectors donated to multiple police departments. Boosters donated exclusively to one police department. Havens publicly and materially supported police, yet did not officially report doing so. Overall, we provide the most complete description of the vast and underestimated structure of private donations.
DIAGNOSIS, PROCESS FLOW AND BLOCKCHAIN SUPPORTED CHAIN OF CUSTODY FOR SUBPOENAING TELEMATIC DATA IN BRAZILIAN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: Nascimento Paulo Vitor Braga do , DE ARAÚJO GUSTAVO MEDEIROS , DA CUNHA BRUNO REQUIÃO , ALVAREZ EDGAR BISSET
Published: March 2024

The criminal investigation, after the digital revolution, began to work with criminal evidence from the most diverse technological sources, often requiring legal measures to obtain them from technology companies and their cloud data storage. In this work, we describe some of the main difficulties involved in the management of digital evidence from law enforcement subpoena, focusing on its pre-processing (acquisition, organization, data storage) and on chain of custody integrity. The work was supported by institutional diagnostic research and bibliographic research. The results allowed inferring some conclusions that corroborate the practical scenario. There is no similar routine among the various law enforcement professionals, each one in their work group will perform the task in a similar way, but not in a standardized way. A Web platform architecture based on blockchain technology was proposed to improve the life cycle and use of subpoenaing telematic data in the police investigation environment.
Propagating surface plasmon polaritons in graphene under applied uniform strain
Authors: Galeana A. , González de la Cruz Gerardo
Published: March 2024

In this work, we theoretically investigate the propagation length of plasmon waves in graphene layer under uniform strain surrounded by two dielectric media of dielectric constants ε1 and ε2, respectively. The plasmon losses (plasmon damping), plasmon propagation length and the penetration depth of the electric field associates with the charge fluctuations can be controlled by varying the direction and the strength of the applied strain and the direction of the plasmon wave propagation with respect to the direction of the applied strain. Because strain induces anisotropy in graphene optical conductivity, the strain-dependent orientation plays an important role to manipulate the direction and variations of the graphene plasmon energy, which may be useful to tune graphene properties in plasmonic devices to enhance light-matter interaction.
Accurate parameter estimation of Au/GaN/GaAs schottky diode model using grey wolf optimization
Authors: Rabehi Abdelaziz , Douara Abdelmalek , Rabehi Abdelhalim , Helal Hicham , Younsi Ahmed Memdouh , Amrani Mohammed , Abbas Ibn E. , Comini E. , Benamara Zineb
Published: March 2024

The Au/GaN/GaAs Schottky diode is a fundamental electronic component with versatile applications. In this study we delve into the parameter estimation of Au/GaN/GaAs Schottky diodes using the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm. Our research encompasses experimental procedures, mathematical modeling, and optimization techniques to extract critical electrical parameters, including the ideality factor (n), Schottky barrier height (φbn), and series resistance (RS). The primary aim is to enhance our comprehension of the behavior of Au/GaN/GaAs Schottky diodes and showcase the effectiveness of GWO in achieving precise parameter estimates. These diodes, featuring metal-semiconductor junctions, play pivotal roles in electronics, necessitating accurate parameter determination for optimized functionality. The effectiveness of the GWO algorithm was examined through a comparative analysis, employing analytical techniques pioneered by Cheung and Cheung. This study sought to assess the algorithm’s performance and accuracy in parameter estimation for Au/GaN/GaAs Schottky diodes, providing valuable insights into its practical applicability in electronic device characterization and optimization. Keywords: Schottky diodes, Grey Wolf Optimization, Electrical measurement. Parameter estimation, Gan, GaAs