bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bowling Alone, or The Whole Point of No Return
Authors: Menzer Paul
Published: November 2021

The anonymous Look About You of 1600 calls for a game of bowls that
dilates upon the sport’s propensity to run away with itself. In the midst
of a game at bowls played in prison, one character excuses himself for a
moment. At that point the other borrows his clothes and escapes in his
guise, leaving his competitor “bowling alone,” a victim of social isolation.
This chapter argues that bowling offers early modern theatre a theory
of isolation but also proximity, velocity, and writing. Indeed, bowling
materializes theatre’s sense of its proxemics and ultimately theatricalizes
the relationship between dramatic fiction and space, and even offers a
plangent metaphor for the role of the writer and his hopes for a return.
Jean-Louis Comolli and Jean Narboni: Crossed Lives
Authors: Fairfax Daniel
Published: November 2021

This chapter charts the intersecting biographies of Jean-Louis Comolli and
Jean Narboni in the years leading up to their joint editorship of Cahiers
du cinéma. Having first encountered each other in Algeria while the
country was still under French colonial rule, the two formed a bond over
a shared cinephilia that continues to the present day. Upon moving to
Paris, they both joined Cahiers and wrote in defence of the last works of
the generation of classical Hollywood filmmakers (Alfred Hitchcock and
Howard Hawks, most notably) as well as the rising generation of auteurs
belonging to the various international nouveaux cinémas. The chapter ends
with a discussion of “Le détour par le direct,” Comolli’s analysis of the use
of direct cinema techniques in both documentary and fiction cinema.
The Radicalization of Cahiers: 1963-1969
Authors: Fairfax Daniel
Published: November 2021

This chapter gives an account of the political radicalization of Cahiers
du cinéma between the years 1963 (when Éric Rohmer was ousted as
editor-in-chief and replaced by Jacques Rivette) and 1969 (when “Cinéma/
Idéologie/Critique” was published). Whereas in the 1950s, Cahiers had
been studiously eclectic in its political leanings, under Rohmer it veered
towards the far right. Rivette’s editorship saw a corrective to this course,
a tendency that was escalated when Comolli succeeded him in 1965. The
left-wing orientation in the second half of the 1960s witnessed Cahiers’
participation in a number of key battles: from the censorship of La Réligieuse
to the sacking of Henri Langlois as head of the cinémathèque and
the national upheaval of May ’68, which affected the cinema as much
as it did the rest of French daily life. At the same time, a younger crop of
critics—including Serge Daney, Bernard Eisenschitz, Sylvie Pierre and
Jacques Aumont—gravitated towards Cahiers during these years.
The City and its Ports
Authors: Stein Emma Natalya
Published: November 2021

Chapter Three explores the creation of a broader geographical ruralurban
continuum that increasingly came to define Kanchi. It examines
settlements in the rural areas surrounding the city that became home
to Pallava and Chola-era sacred architecture and received subsequent
endowments and modifications over time. Together, these settlements
formed a devotional and economic network. The chapter traces interactions
among temple-sites through shared patterns in architecture, iconography,
and inscriptions, as well as residential design. The chapter’s final
section considers the possibility of a cultural landscape that expanded
Kanchi’s kṣatra (‘sphere of influence’) transregionally. Specifically, it
looks at Kanchi’s role in extended Buddhist networks and examines
connections across urban centers in an integrated South and Southeast
Asian region.
DIVERSIDADE DA MACROFAUNA DO SOLO EM PLANTIO DE MAXIXE COM ADUBAÇÃO DE BOVINO
Authors: Silva Dayane Kelly da , Santos Maria Hilma Dos , Figueiredo Maria Thalillian Santos , Albuquerque Ariane Loudemila Silva De
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A fauna edáfica representa uma força motriz na decomposição e ciclagem dos nutrientes. Ela ocupa diversos níveis tróficos dentro da cadeia alimentar no solo e afeta a produção primária de maneira direta e indireta. A macrofauna edáfica é representada por animais com diâmetro do corpo maior do que 2 mm, como formigas, coleópteros, aranhas, minhocas, centopeias, térmitas, diplópodes, etc. Alguns grupos de animais são responsáveis pela predação de outros invertebrados e outros contribuem diretamente na modificação da estrutura do solo, por meio de sua movimentação pelo perfil, sendo por isso comumente denominados de engenheiros do solo. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a macrofauna edáfica em plantação de maxixe (Cucumis anguria L) adubada com esterco bovino, no povoado de Bananeiras. Material e métodos: Foi realizado no Pólo Tecnológico Agroalimentar de Arapiraca, localizado no povoado Bananeiras, pertencente à Universidade Estadual de Alagoas. Em uma plantação de maxixe de 48m2, foram distribuídas 17 armadilhas do tipo Provid, constituída por uma garrafa PET com capacidade de 2 litros, contendo quatro orifícios com dimensões de 2x2 cm na altura de 20 cm de sua base, contendo 200 mL de uma solução de detergente a uma concentração de 5% e 5 gotas de Formaldeido (Formol P.A.). As armadilhas foram enterradas de modo que os orifícios ficassem ao nível da superfície do solo e permaneceram no campo por um período de quatro dias (96 horas). Resultados: Para avaliação quantitativa da macrofauna, foi mensurado o número total de organismos (abundância de espécies) e qualitativamente, mediante a diversidade. Os grupos predominantes da área estudada foram: Hymenoptera (76,90 %); Diptera (12,46%); Coleoptera (4,56%); Araneae (5,17%); Diplopoda (0,30%); Orthoptera (0,30%); Larva de lepdoptera (0,30%). Conclusão: Na área estudada a ordem Hymenoptera é a mais predominante.
O CICLO DE VIDA DA DANAUS ERIPPUS DO INTERIOR DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Almeida Otavio Rodrigues de Camargo , Oliveira Rayssa Tainara Dos Santos , Almeida Maristela Rodrigues De Camargo
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A borboleta monarca do Sul reside em quase todos os estados do Brasil, com exceção da região norte, apesar disso a quantidade de informações disponíveis na literatura sobre Danaus erippus no Brasil e na América do Sul é baixíssima, ainda mais quando comparada a algumas espécies do mesmo gênero, e de outros gêneros também, até mesmo as informações sobre o ciclo de vida do inseto são escassas, coisas como hábitos alimentares, predadores, tempo de vida, migratório x não migratório, até então não foram documentadas. Objetivo: Dito isso o presente trabalho visou documentar o máximo de informações possíveis sobre o ciclo de vida de D.erippus na cidade de Bom Sucesso de Itararé, São Paulo, Brasil. Material e métodos: dentro do período determinado de um ano, tendo início em maio de 2020 e sendo finalizada em maio de 2021, totalizando 12 meses de observação, a área de observação se restringiu ao quintal da minha casa, localizado a 991 metros de altitude, Latitude: 24°19’18.92” S, longitude: 49°08’46.44” O, onde havia quatro conjuntos de plantas hospedeiras e condições ideais para a sobrevivência da espécie, sem a interferência humana, o processo todo ocorreu de forma natural, sendo utilizado apenas a câmera de um celular Xiaomi mi A3 para registro das imagens. Resultados: Durante a presente pesquisa registrou-se 561 ovos, 379 lagartas, 25 crisálidas e 16 borboletas de D.erippus, bem como também foi registrado os predadores, hábitos alimentares, o tempo de cada ciclo e algumas condições adversas que ocorreram e foram prejudiciais para a sobrevivência da borboleta. Conclusão: Com a experiência obtida através de observações in loco, com as revisões bibliográficas realizadas podemos concluir que o ciclo de vida da borboleta monarca do Sul, assim como o ciclo de vida de várias espécies, é extremamente importante para o ecossistema, pois além de na fase adulta polinizar as plantas, nas fases anteriores da sua vida ela desempenha um papel fundamental no controle da planta A.curassavica, além de servir de alimento para outras espécies de animais.
LEVANTAMENTO ENTOMOLÓGICO COMO BIOINDICADOR DE QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL
Authors: Santos Thaíse da Silva , Barros Rubens Pessoa De
Published: November 2021

Introdução: Atividades antrópicas, principalmente, de agricultura e imobiliária têm causado a degradação de ambientes naturais por meio da sua fragmentação, o que ocasiona diversos prejuízos tanto para a flora quanto para a fauna local. Nesse contexto, a utilização de insetos como indicadores biológicos vem crescendo ao longo dos anos ao mostrar-se como uma excelente ferramenta para medir o quanto um ecossistema está degradado ou continua sob conservação. Objetivo: Diante do exposto, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar o levantamento entomológico de um fragmento de Caatinga voltado à execução de atividades agrárias. Material e métodos: O experimento foi desenvolvido em uma área de sítio localizado em fragmento de Caatinga situado na zona rural de Batalha, município de Alagoas. Para atrair os insetos, foi utilizada uma luz branca instalada na parte externa da residência-sede da propriedade e a captura dos indivíduos ocorreu durante três dias. O animais coletados foram armazenados em frascos de plásticos com álcool a 70% e identificados a nível de família. Para a análise de diversidade da entomofauna identificada, foi utilizado o Índice de Shannon-Wiener (H’) com adaptações. Resultados: Foram capturados 319 artrópodes da classe Insecta, sendo Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae a ordem/família mais abundante (N = 295). O Índice de Shannon-Wiener (H’) apresentou H’ = 0,39, resultado considerado baixo quando se refere a diversidade biológica, o qual sugere um alto grau de degradação do ambiente estudado. Conclusão: A partir dos dados coletados, é possível concluir que a área de Caatinga na qual foi realizado o levantamento entomológico mostrou uma baixa biodiversidade associada aos insetos indicando um ambiente pouco conservado e sugere-se a realização de novos experimentos mediante a exploração de pontos diferentes da área estudada e com a identificação da amostra capturada também a nível de espécies.
Molkereien setzen höhere Preise durch
Authors: Lenders Dirk , Murmann Christoph
Published: November 2021

Die Zeichen auf den Milchmärkten stehen auf Sturm. Hersteller verlangen massive Preiserhöhungen. Und werfen Händlern, die diese verweigern und zugleich den Bauern Unterstützung zusagen, Verlogenheit vor.
Vestager krempelt Kartellrecht um
Authors: Bender Hanno , Queck Matthias
Published: November 2021

Brüssel überarbeitet das europäische Kartellrecht an diversen Baustellen. Die Wirtschaft dringt auf mehr Möglichkeiten, um in Sachen Nachhaltigkeit zu kooperieren.
Kein Plan B
Authors: Düthmann Christiane
Published: November 2021

Die Lebensmittelwirtschaft hat in Sachen Nachhaltigkeit in den vergangenen Jahren deutliche Fortschritte gemacht. Das zeigt eine aktuelle Branchenstudie, die ZNU und LZ jetzt vorgelegt haben. Doch es bleibt noch immer viel zu tun. Händler und Hersteller stellen sich ihrer Verantwortung. Christiane Düthmann
Nissin lässt es zum 50-jährigen Jubiläum krachen
Authors: Chernobylskaya Mayya
Published: November 2021

Anlässlich des 50. Geburtstages seiner Cup-Noodles, rührt Nissin die Werbetrommel. Mit einer Foodtruck-Tour und Influencer-Kooperationen möchte der Hersteller in Deutschland für mehr Aufmerksamkeit sorgen.
Monoverbrennungsanlage für Klärschlamm in Halle-Lochau
Authors: Wiesgickl Sonja , Tannenberger Tobias
Published: November 2021

Nachhaltig und innovativ: Ende September erfolgte in Halle-Lochau die warme Inbetriebnahme der Monoverbrennungsanlage für Klärschlamm. Die hochautomatisierte Anlage stellt den neuesten Stand der Technik dar und erzielt hohe Raten bei der Rückgewinnung von Phosphor.
Die Wasserwirtschaft trifft sich wieder in Berlin
Authors: Andritschke Nico
Published: November 2021

Der Auftakt für den neuen Fachkongress InfraSPREE ist geglückt. Ein neuartiges Veranstaltungsformat mit Vorträgen, Industrieausstellung und Exkursionen lockte über 750 Fachbesucher Ende September an zwei Veranstaltungstagen in das Berliner Kosmos.
Diätplan nach ertragreichem Maisjahr
Authors: Behme Dagmar
Published: November 2021

Die Futtersilos sind bis zum Rand gefüllt, Biogasanlagen brauchen weniger Substrat. Für den Maisanbau 2022 zeichnet sich ein Rückgang ab.
Zuckermais ist einen Versuch wert
Authors: Hofnagel Dagmar
Published: November 2021

Neuen Geschäftsfeldern gegenüber ist Toni Winkelhag stets aufgeschlossen. Seit diesem Jahr gehört auf seinem vielseitig organisierten Ackerbaubetrieb Zuckermais dazu.
Mística feminina medieval: um ensaio de categorização
Authors: Nogueira Maria Simone Marinho
Published: November 2021

Neste artigo pretendemos mostrar um pouco do que nomeamos por mística feminina medieval. Além do que, queremos pensar um pouco sobre o tema para apresentá-lo como um conjunto de ideias que, apesar de não se realizar como um todo unívoco ou como uma única escola de pensamento, pode ser categorizado no seu conjunto por suas semelhanças que podem ser problematizadas. Desta forma, chamamos a atenção para dizer que qualquer investigação que seja feita sobre a mística feminina medieval, como indicam muitas estudiosas, deve levar em conta a necessidade de prestarmos atenção à perspectiva de gênero dos documentos existentes, afinal, é a partir deles que as mulheres místicas medievais falam. Assim, o artigo está divido em três partes: 1. uma abordagem da relação entre mística e filosofia; 2. uma apresentação da mística na Idade Média; e 3. a mística feminina medieval. Para realização do artigo, nos utilizamos de autores e autoras que estudam a mística, sobretudo a medieval, como Certeau (2015), Ruh (2002), McGinn (2017), Bingemer (2010), Cirlot e Gari (1999) e Troch (2013).
Elementos para uma moral de inspiração bergsoniana
Authors: Monteiro Geovana Da Paz
Published: November 2021

Partindo de uma compreensão específica do processo evolutivo, poderíamos constatar que o desenvolvimento da vida humana pela via da racionalidade nos direcionou a uma lógica exploratória e egoísta face à qual nos encontramos hoje. Tal argumento encontra eco no pensamento do filósofo francês Henri Bergson (1859-1941) que, no final da vida, dedicou-se a pensar os fundamentos morais e religiosos da sociedade, cujo caráter fechado serviria de base a todas as formas de opressão e negação da diversidade humana. No entanto, a leitura do primeiro capítulo da obra As duas fontes da moral e da religião (1932), de Bergson, nos deixa antever um aparente paradoxo, qual seja: a fim de recriarmos nossos valores, a fim de transpormos o comportamento social fundado na lógica da inteligência, no individualismo, no confronto com o diferente, na exploração desenfreada das fontes naturais de vida e subsistência, na exploração animal, seria necessário não um retorno à natureza, mas sua superação. Afinal, segundo a ótica bergsoniana, a moral social se constituiu biologicamente pela via do fechamento e não da abertura, de modo que, a fim de repensarmos nossos hábitos ditos civilizados, uma mudança seria imprescindível, uma transposição daquela moral naturalmente fechada para outra em vias de alargar-se, tal como vislumbrada pelo filósofo na obra de 1932.
Igualdade para além dos direitos: interseccionalidade e descolonialidade nas reivindicações de mulheres por justiça
Authors: Kuhnen Tânia Aparecida
Published: November 2021

Este artigo busca incrementar as discussões sobre igualdade de direitos a partir da configuração de grupos sociais subalternizados nas sociedades, com destaque para as mulheres e os intercruzamentos entre os sistemas de opressão que as afetam. Mesmo em sociedades democráticas, indivíduos pertencentes a grupos sociais oprimidos têm suas vidas precarizadas de maneira estrutural por estarem submetidos a formas de exploração e dominação. As abordagens ecofeministas, por recorrerem à interseccionalidade para compreender o funcionamento da lógica da dominação, e o pensamento descolonial, que reflete sobre as condições existenciais de sujeitos situados no Sul Global a partir do sistema moderno colonial, auxiliam no aprofundamento da compreensão dos limites da estratégia de direitos para suplantar os sistemas de opressão.  Reivindica-se a necessidade de uma reconfiguração social a partir do reconhecimento das interdependências entre as formas de vida, ressaltando-se as subjetividades distintas agenciadas pelas mulheres do Sul Global, a fim de construir uma sociedade que priorize práticas de cuidado e de sustentação de todas as vidas concretas.
Teorias da conspiração: por que algumas não valem um caracol
Authors: Carvalho Eros Moreira de
Published: November 2021

Neste artigo, mapeio o terreno da discussão em torno das teorias da conspiração, destacando o problema de como defini-las, os fatores que levam à crença nas teorias da conspiração, os seus potenciais prejuízos e como devemos reagir a elas. Defendo que devemos avaliar as consequências da crença em uma teoria da conspiração para determinar se ela deve ser levada a serio ou não. Em bloco, as teorias da conspiração ameaçam a capacidade coletiva de produção de conhecimento e devemos nos preocupar com a sua difusão.
Sobre Fíntis de Esparta
Authors: Dos Santos Gislene Vale
Published: November 2021

Objetivo apontar possibilidades de pensar uma filosofia que inclui o debate acerca do papel e das capacidades da mulher na Grécia Antiga, a partir de um dos fragmentos atribuído a Fíntis de Esparta, em uma possível obra escrita por ela, a qual, segundo Estobeu, leva o título de Sobre a moderação da mulher. Para isso, mobilizo alguns possíveis temas de pesquisa a partir da apresentação do fragmento. Importa destacar que esta pesquisa está em fase inicial, por isso este texto não traz conclusões; apresenta, contudo, questões que poderão se desenvolver em trabalhos futuros.
Christine de Pizan: Razão e a educação das mulheres na Cidade das Damas
Authors: Benevenuto Flávia
Published: November 2021

Trata-se de, seguindo a exposição de Christine de Pizan na Cidade das Damas, apontar os principais argumentos para desconstruir a imagem das mulheres tal como consta nos escritos de filósofos, moralistas e escritores de modo mais geral. Pretende-se, portanto, evidenciar a estratégia e os elementos argumentativos da autora para desconstruir a concepção de feminino como moralmente fraco e intelectualmente desfavorecido. Tal feito tem consequências relevantes e pretende-se indicar sua relação com os pressupostos da educação das mulheres. Por fim, objetiva-se destacar a contribuição de Christine de Pizan à filosofia, aos escritos femininos e, sobretudo, às mulheres.
Orfeu em Pessoa: uma leitura órfica da poesia de Fernando Pessoa
Authors: Gazzinelli Gabriela Guimarães
Published: November 2021

Neste artigo, procurarei traçar a influência do orfismo em Fernando Pessoa, ortônimo, e seus heterônimos e semi-heterônimos. Na obra pessoana, elementos órficos se revelam de diferentes maneiras: (i) na tensão triangular entre poesia-morte-amor, (ii) nas aporias temporais ensejadas pela morte e pela transmigração das almas, com desdobramentos para as concepções da memória e do passado, e (iii) numa formulação iniciática da poesia, em que o mistério é motivo recorrente. Além de levantar passagens que tematizam o mito de Orfeu e motivos da religião de mistério órfica, pretendo mostra como essas referências são ressignificadas, ganhando nuanças originais no imaginário pessoano, em que as glosas da poética órfica dão lugar a reflexões estéticas sobre tempo, memória, criação e mistério.
Post-ISIS Iraq and the Shia Armed Groups
Authors: Rached Kardo , Bali Ahmed Omar
Published: November 2021

The political environment of Iraq in the period from 2011-2014 experienced a great degree of turbulence. Many Sunni tribes in the Anbar, Ramadi and Salahadin regions organized a daily protest against the central government, accusing it of being sectarian. Gradually, these protests become more popular, and the Baghdad government became fearful that it would spread into the other regions of Iraq. In order to control the protests, the government used force, and many were killed. Simultaneously, in Syria, and especially during 2013-2014, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) controlled more land and more people, and to take advantage of the Iraqi people's dissatisfaction with their government, ISIS crossed the border between Iraq and Syria in June 2014. Mosul as the second most heavily populated city was seized by ISIS and the Iraqi army could not fight back, which meant that the Iraqi army retreated from most of the Sunni areas. Even Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, and the city where the central government operates, was threatened. While the Iraqi army was unable to fight against ISIS, the Shia religious supreme leader Al-Sistani called for self-defence and to stand against ISIS. Sistani’s call became a cornerstone for the creation of the so-called Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) with the aim of the fighting against ISIS. In this article, we assess the PMF from different perspectives, for example, using the Weberian theory that the state is the only entity that has a monopoly on violence, considering Ariel Ahram's model of state-sponsored and government-sponsored militias, and finally the devolution of violence to these armed groups.
Terrorism Situations and its Challenges to European Union: A Longitudinal Statistical Analysis
Authors: Langjia Zeren , Shi Jian
Published: November 2021

Terrorism is increasingly threatening world peace and stability, not least during the post-9/11 era. In particular, viewed from Europe’s geographical proximity to areas of conflicts, terrorism is a greater menace to European continental peace, security and stability. As a natural consequence, terrorism becomes a top concern of the European Union (EU). In practice, it comes to be not merely necessary but also important to have a better and clearer idea about terrorist landscapes in Europe so that future counterterrorism will be well grounded in a faithful representation of reality. The authors, drawing upon data selected from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD), have categorised the terrorist incidents according to the different scales of casualties, provided a longitudinal overview of completed terrorism attacks from 1970 to 2015 with a special focus on the most terrorism-stricken Member States (MSs), and statistically analysed the terrorist situation within the EU and counterterrorism challenges. In doing so, authors have intention to find the ins and outs of terrorist incidents, to probe the motivations of perpetrators, and to clarify the faulty generalisations about terrorism. The article concludes that an increasingly stronger sense of nationalism is emerging, Islamic terrorism is not rising at a dramatic speed but in a more destructive way, and more importantly civilians are becoming the dominant target group of terror attacks. It is further argued that these three factors are not only the tough challenges but also top concerns of counterterrorism.
Ukrainian State-Building Redux: Triangular Role Performance Under Kuchma
Authors: Strnad Vladislav , Hynek Nik
Published: November 2021

The article systematically analyses the Ukrainian behaviour within the EU-Ukraine-Russia triangle during the presidency of Leonid Kuchma (1994-2004). As it is shown, this was a period to which the origins of many recent, and tumultuous, developments can be traced. We utilise an interdisciplinary Foreign Policy Analysis role theoretical framework, and through the means of triangulated content analysis apply it to the empirical material containing, inter alia, primary data in the Ukrainian language. As we demonstrate empirically, Ukraine followed a certain behavioural pattern of roles based on its national characteristics, collective cognition, discursive uses of historical developments, and specific internal political, economic and social considerations. An extensive analysis of presidential speeches reveals that the prominent role of ‘Internal Development’ had fluctuating levels of intensity and multiple manifestations. Taking advantages of conceptual vocabulary and theoretical subtleties associated with role theory, we conclude that the performed research of these sets of behavioural norms and their dynamics allows for better understanding of Ukrainian collective identity and behaviour within this strategic complex.
Interannual Variability of BVOC Emissions in an Alpine City
Authors: Kaser Lisa , Peron Arianna , Graus Martin , Striednig Marcus , Wohlfahrt Georg , Juráň Stanislav , Karl Thomas
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Terpenoid emissions above urban areas are a complex mix of biogenic and anthropogenic emission sources. In line with previous studies we found that summertime terpenoid emissions in an alpine city were dominated by biogenic sources, but especially at lower temperatures the anthropogenic influences were non-negligible. Inter-seasonal emission measurements revealed consistency for monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, but a large difference in isoprene between the summers 2015 and 2018. Standardized emission potentials for monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were 0.12 nmol m-2 s-1 and 3.0·10-3 nmol m-2 s-1 in 2015 and 0.11 nmol m-2 s-1 and 3.4·10-3 nmol m-2 s-1 in 2018, respectively. Observed isoprene emissions were about four times higher in 2018 than in 2015. This factor decreased to 2.3 after standardizing isoprene emissions to 30 °C air temperature and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) of 1000 μmol m-2 s-1. Based on emission model parameterizations, increased leaf temperatures can explained ~50 % of these differences, but standard emission potentials remained higher in 2018, when a heat wave persisted. Potential other reasons for the differences such as emission parameterization, footprint changes, water stress conditions and tree trimming are investigated.
Impact of 3D Cloud Structures on the Atmospheric Trace Gas Products from UV-VIS Sounders – Part III: bias estimate using synthetic and observational data
Authors: Kylling Arve , Emde Claudia , Yu Huan , van Roozendael Michel , Stebel Kerstin , Veihelmann Ben , Mayer Bernhard
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Three-dimensional (3D) cloud structures may impact atmospheric trace gas products from ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) sounders. We used synthetic and observational data to identify and quantify possible cloud-related bias in NO2 tropospheric vertical column densities (TVCD). The synthetic data were based on high-resolution large eddy simulations which were input to a 3D radiative transfer model. The simulated visible spectra for low-earth orbiting and geostationary geometries were analysed with standard retrieval methods and cloud correction schemes that are employed in operational NO2 satellite products. For the observational data the NO2 products from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) were used while the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) provided high spatial resolution cloud and radiance data. Cloud shadow fraction, cloud top height, cloud optical depth, solar zenith and viewing angles, were identified as the metrics being the most important in identifying 3D cloud impacts on NO2 TVCD retrievals. For a solar zenith angle less than about 40° the synthetic data show that the NO2 TVCD bias is typically below 10 %. For larger solar zenith angles both synthetic and observational data often show NO2 TVCD bias on the order of tens of %. Specifically, for clearly identified cloud shadow bands in the observational data, the NO2 TVCD appears low-biased when the cloud shadow fraction > 0.0 compared to when the cloud shadow fraction is zero. For solar zenith angles between 50–60°, about 16 % of TROPOMI pixels with high quality value NO2 TVCD retrievals, were found to be impacted by cloud effects larger than 20 %.
On the influence of erect shrubs on the irradiance profile in snow
Authors: Belke-Brea Maria , Domine Florent , Picard Ghislain , Barrere Mathieu , Arnaud Laurent
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The warming-induced expansion of shrubs in the Arctic is
transforming snowpacks into a mixture of snow, impurities and buried
branches. Because snow is a translucent medium into which light penetrates
up to tens of centimetres, buried branches may alter the snowpack radiation
budget with important consequences for the snow thermal regime and
microstructure. To characterize the influence of buried branches on
radiative transfer in snow, irradiance profiles were measured in snowpacks
with and without shrubs near Umiujaq in the Canadian Low Arctic
(56.5∘ N, 76.5∘ W) in November and December 2015. Using
the irradiance profiles measured in shrub-free snowpacks in combination with
a Monte Carlo radiative transfer model revealed that the dominant impurity
type was black carbon (BC) in variable concentrations up to 185 ng g−1.
This allowed the separation of the radiative effects of impurities and
buried branches. Irradiance profiles measured in snowpacks with shrubs
showed that the impact of buried branches was local (i.e. a few centimetres
around branches) and only observable in layers where branches were also
visible in snowpit photographs. The local-effect hypothesis was further
supported by observations of localized melting and depth hoar pockets that
formed in the vicinity of branches. Buried branches therefore affect
snowpack properties, with possible impacts on Arctic flora and fauna and on
the thermal regime of permafrost. Lastly, the unexpectedly high BC
concentrations in snow are likely caused by nearby open-air waste burning,
suggesting that cleaner waste management plans are required for northern
community and ecosystem protection.
Sensitivity of plankton assemblages to hydroclimate variability in the Barents Sea
Authors: Price Elliott L. , Stern Rowena F. , Mahaffey Claire , Castellani Claudia , Jeffreys Rachel M.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Warming, loss of sea icea and changes in ocean currents in the Arctic has led to biochemical changes in pelagic systems that propagate into, and disrupt the Arctic food web. The responses of plankton to environmental variability is critical in understanding how climate change may shape the structure of pelagic ecosystems in the Arctic. To further this understanding, we used a partial canonical correspondence analysis on remotely sensed and modelled hydroclimate together with plankton abundance data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey from the Barents Sea in the European Arctic – one of the fastest warming regions globally – to assess the spatial and interannual variability of plankton community assemblages. The hydroclimate explained ~50 % of interannual variability in species assemblage of plankton communities. Calanus spp. copepod abundances were particularly sensitive to changes in the hydroclimate, which were strongly associated with the mixed layer depth and nutrient concentrations. In warmer years, where SST exceeded those predicted under various future climate scenarios, we saw evidence of thermal stratification of the water column that supported populations of appendicularians, and the potentially toxin-producing diatom Pseudo-nitzschia. Spatial variability of the assemblage was strongly associated SST and salinity gradients that reflect different water masses. Such changes to plankton assemblages in response to hydroclimatic variability are likely to impact trophic interactions with associated organisms, many with ecological and economic significance in Barents Sea food webs.
The impact of the South-East Madagascar bloom on the oceanic CO2 sink
Authors: Metzl Nicolas , Lo Monaco Claire , Leseurre Coraline , Ridame Céline , Fin Jonathan , Mignon Claude , Gehlen Marion , Chau Thi Tuyet Trang
Published: November 2021

Abstract. We described new sea surface CO2 observations in the southwestern Indian Ocean obtained in January 2020 when a strong bloom event occurred south-east of Madagascar and extended eastward in the oligotrophic Indian Ocean subtropical domain. Compared to previous years (1991–2019) we observed very low fCO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations (CT) in austral summer 2020, indicative of a biologically driven process. In the bloom the anomaly of fCO2 and CT reached respectively −33 µatm and −42 µmol.kg-1 whereas no change is observed for alkalinity (AT). In January 2020 we estimated a local maximum of air-sea CO2 flux at 27° S of −6.9 mmol.m-2.d-1 (ocean sink) and −4.3 mmol.m-2.d-1 when averaging the flux in the band 26–30° S. In the domain 25–30° S/50–60° E we estimated that the bloom led to a regional carbon uptake of about −1 TgC.month-1 in January 2020 whereas this region was previously recognized as an ocean CO2 source or near equilibrium during this season. Using a neural network approach that reconstructs the monthly fCO2 fields we estimated that when the bloom was at peak in December 2019 the CO2 sink reached −3.1 (±1.0) mmol.m-2.d-1 in the band 25–30° S, i.e. the model captured the impact of the bloom. Integrated in the domain restricted to 25–30° S/50–60° E the region was a CO2 sink in December 2019 of −0.8 TgC.month-1 compared to a CO2 source of +0.12 (± 0.10) TgC.month-1 in December when averaged over the period 1996–2018. Consequently in 2019 this region was a stronger CO2 annual sink of −8.8 TgC.yr-1 compared to −7.0 (±0.5) TgC.yr-1 averaged over 1996–2018. In austral summer 2019/2020, the bloom was likely controlled by relatively deep mixed-layer depth during preceding winter (July–September 2019) that would supply macro and/or micro-nutrients as iron to the surface layer to promote the bloom that started in November 2019 in two large rings in the Madagascar Basin. Based on measurements in January 2020, we observed relatively high N2 fixation rates (up to 18 nmol N.L-1.d-1) suggesting that diazotrophs could play a role on the bloom in the nutrient depleted waters. The bloom event in austral summer 2020, along with the new carbonate system observations, represents a benchmark case for complex biogeochemical model sensitivity studies (including N2-fixation process and iron supplies) for a better understanding on the origin and termination of this still mysterious sporadic bloom and its impact on ocean carbon uptake in the future.
The dataset of walled cities and urban extent in late imperial China in the 15th–19th centuries
Authors: Xue Qiaofeng , Jin Xiaobin , Cheng Yinong , Yang Xuhong , Zhou Yinkang
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Long-term urban extent data are highly desirable for understanding
urban land use patterns. However, urban observation data based on remote
sensing are typically confined to recent decades. In this study, we advance
in this arena by reconstructing the walled cities for China that extend
from the 15th century to the 19th century based on multiple historical
documents. Cities in late imperial China (the Ming and the Qing dynasties,
1368–1911) generally had city walls, and these walls were usually built
around the built-up urban area. By restoring the extent of the city walls, it
is helpful to explore the urban extent in this period. Firstly, we collected
the years of construction or reconstruction of city walls from the
historical data. Specifically, the period in which the size of the city
wall remains unchanged is recorded as a lifetime of it. Secondly,
a specialization on the extent of the city wall could be conducted based on the
urban morphology method and a variety of documentation, including the
historical literature materials, the military topographic maps of the first
half of the 20th century, and the remote sensing images of the 1970s.
The correlation and integration of the lifetime and the spatial data
led to the creation of the China City Wall Areas Dataset (CCWAD) for the late imperial period. Based on the
proximity to the time of most of the city walls, we selected six
representative years (i.e., 1400, 1537, 1648, 1708, 1787, and 1866) from
CCWAD to produce the China Urban Extent Dataset (CUED) for the
15th–19th centuries. These datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14112968.v3 (Xue et al., 2021).
HCPD-CA High-resolution climate projection dataset in Central Asia for ecological and hydrological applications
Authors: Qiu Yuan , Feng Jinming , Yan Zhongwei , Wang Jun
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Central Asia (referred to as CA) is one of the climate change Hot-Spots due to the fragile ecosystems, strained water resources, and accelerated glacier melting, which underscores the need of high-resolution climate projection datasets for application to vulnerability, impacts, and adaption assessments in ecological and hydrological systems. In this study, a high-resolution (9 km) climate projection dataset over CA (the HCPD-CA dataset) is derived from dynamically downscaled results based on multiple bias-corrected global climate models, and contains ten meteorological elements that are widely used to drive ecological and hydrological models. The reference and future periods are 1986–2005 and 2031–2050, respectively. The carbon emission scenario is Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5. The results show the data product has good quality in describing the climatology of all the elements in CA, which ensures the suitability of the dataset for future research. The main feature of projected climate changes in CA in the near-term future is strong warming (annual mean temperature increasing by 1.62–2.02 ℃) and significant increase in downward shortwave and longwave flux at surface, with minor changes in other elements (e. g., precipitation, relative humidity at 2 m, and wind speed at 10 m). The HCPD-CA dataset presented here serves as a scientific basis for assessing the impacts of climate change over CA on many sectors, especially on ecological and hydrological systems. It is publicly available at http://data.tpdc.ac.cn/en/disallow/24c7467c-44a6-44ab-bbcf-e6e346dd41d0/ (Qiu, 2021).
Organic carbon burial by river meandering partially offsets bank-erosion carbon fluxes in a discontinuous permafrost floodplain
Authors: Douglas Madison M. , Li Gen K. , Fischer Woodward W. , Rowland Joel C. , Kemeny Preston C. , West A. Joshua , Schwenk Jon , Piliouras Anastasia P. , Chadwick Austin J. , Lamb Michael P.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Arctic river systems erode permafrost in their banks and mobilize particulate organic carbon (OC). Meandering rivers can entrain particulate OC from permafrost many meters below the depth of annual thaw, potentially enabling OC oxidation and the production of greenhouse gases. However, the amount and fate of permafrost OC that is mobilized by river erosion is uncertain. To constrain OC fluxes due to riverbank erosion and deposition, we collected riverbank and floodplain sediment samples along the Koyukuk River, which meanders through discontinuous permafrost in central Alaska. We measured sediment total OC (TOC), radiocarbon content, water content, bulk density, grain size, and floodplain stratigraphy. Radiocarbon abundance and TOC were higher in samples dominated by silt as compared to sand, which we used to map OC content onto floodplain stratigraphy and estimate carbon fluxes due to river meandering. Results showed that sediment being eroded from cutbanks and deposited as point bars had similar OC stocks (mean ± 1SD of 125.3 ± 13.1 kgOC m−2 in cutbanks versus 114.0 ± 15.7 kgOC m−2 in point bars) whether or not the banks contained permafrost. We also observed radiocarbon-depleted biospheric OC in both cutbanks and permafrost-free point bars. These results indicate that a significant fraction of aged biospheric OC that is liberated from floodplains by bank erosion is subsequently re-deposited in point bars, rather than being oxidized. The process of aging, erosion, and re-deposition of floodplain organic material may be intrinsic to river-floodplain dynamics, regardless of permafrost content.
Evaluation of multivariate time series clustering for imputation of air pollution data
Authors: Alahamade Wedad , Lake Iain , Reeves Claire E. , De La Iglesia Beatriz
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Air pollution is one of the world's leading risk factors for death, with 6.5 million deaths per year worldwide attributed to air-pollution-related diseases. Understanding the behaviour of certain pollutants through air quality assessment can produce improvements in air quality management that will translate to health and economic benefits. However, problems with missing data and uncertainty hinder that assessment. We are motivated by the need to enhance the air pollution data available. We focus on the problem of missing air pollutant concentration data either because a limited set of pollutants is measured at a monitoring site or because an instrument is not operating, so a particular pollutant is not measured for a period of time. In our previous work, we have proposed models which can impute a whole missing time series to enhance air quality monitoring. Some of these models are based on a multivariate time series (MVTS) clustering method. Here, we apply our method to real data and show how different graphical and statistical model evaluation functions enable us to select the imputation model that produces the most plausible imputations. We then compare the Daily Air Quality Index (DAQI) values obtained after imputation with observed values incorporating missing data. Our results show that using an ensemble model that aggregates the spatial similarity obtained by the geographical correlation between monitoring stations and the fused temporal similarity between pollutant concentrations produces very good imputation results. Furthermore, the analysis enhances understanding of the different pollutant behaviours and of the characteristics of different stations according to their environmental type.
Analysis of Flash Drought in China using Artificial Intelligence models
Authors: Zhang Linqi , Liu Yi , Ren Liliang , Teuling Adriaan J. , Zhu Ye , Wei Linyong , Zhang Linyan , Jiang Shanhu , Yang Xiaoli , Fang Xiuqin , Yin Hang
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The term “Flash drought” describes a type of drought with rapid onset and strong intensity, which is co-affected by both water-limited and energy-limited conditions. It has aroused widespread attention in related research communities due to its devastating impacts on agricultural production and natural system. Based on a global reanalysis dataset, we identify flash droughts across China during 1979~2016 by focusing on the depletion rate of weekly soil moisture percentile. The relationship between the rate of intensification (RI) and nine related climate variables is constructed using three artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, namely, multiple linear regression (MLR), long short-term memory (LSTM), and random forest (RF) models. On this basis, the capabilities of these algorithms for estimating RI and droughts (flash droughts and traditional slowly-evolving droughts) detection were analyzed. Results showed that the RF model achieved the highest skill in terms of RI estimation and flash droughts identification among the three approaches. Spatially, the RF-based RI performed best in the southeastern China, with an average CC of 0.90 and average RMSE of 2.6th percentile per week, while the poor performances were found in Xinjiang region. For drought detection, all three AI technologies presented a better performance in monitoring flash droughts than in conventional slowly-evolving droughts. Particularly, the probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR), and critical success index (CSI) of flash drought derived from RF were 0.93, 0.15, and 0.80, respectively, indicating that RF technology is preferable to estimate the RI and monitoring flash droughts by considering multiple meteorological variable anomalies in adjacent weeks of drought onset. In terms of the meteorological driving mechanism of flash drought, the negative precipitation (P) anomalies and positive potential evapotranspiration (PET) anomalies exhibited a stronger synergistic effect on flash droughts comparing to slowly-developing droughts, along with asymmetrical compound influences in different regions over China. For the Xinjiang region, P deficit played a dominant role in triggering the onset of flash droughts, while in the southwestern China, the lack of precipitation and enhanced evaporative demand almost contributed equally to the occurrence of flash drought. This study is valuable to enhance the understanding of flash drought and highlight the potential of AI technologies in flash droughts monitoring.
Analysis of conformational exchange processes using methyl-TROSY-based Hahn echo measurements of quadruple-quantum relaxation
Authors: Waudby Christopher A. , Christodoulou John
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Transverse nuclear spin relaxation is a sensitive probe
of chemical exchange on timescales on the order of microseconds to
milliseconds. Here we present an experiment for the simultaneous measurement
of the relaxation rates of two quadruple-quantum transitions in
13CH3-labelled methyl groups. These coherences are protected
against relaxation by intra-methyl dipolar interactions and so have
unexpectedly long lifetimes within perdeuterated biomacromolecules. However,
these coherences also have an order of magnitude higher sensitivity to
chemical exchange broadening than lower order coherences and therefore
provide ideal probes of dynamic processes. We show that analysis of the
static magnetic field dependence of zero-, double- and quadruple-quantum
Hahn echo relaxation rates provides a robust indication of chemical
exchange and can determine the signed relative magnitudes of proton and
carbon chemical shift differences between ground and excited states. We also
demonstrate that this analysis can be combined with established Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG)
relaxation dispersion measurements, providing improved precision in
parameter estimates, particularly in the determination of 1H chemical
shift differences.
Detrital zircon provenance record of the Zagros mountain building from the Neotethys obduction to the Arabia–Eurasia collision, NW Zagros fold–thrust belt, Kurdistan region of Iraq
Authors: Koshnaw Renas I. , Schlunegger Fritz , Stockli Daniel F.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Recognition of a new angular unconformity and the synthesis of new
detrital zircon U–Pb and (U–Th) / He provenance records, including zircon
(U–Th) / He double dating, from the NW Zagros region elucidate the basin
dynamics of the foreland wedge-top and intermontane units, as well as the
tectonic processes in the source terranes in response to the different
geodynamic phases. In this contribution, we present field observations and
detrital zircon provenance data from hinterland basins to reconstruct the
basin dynamics and the underlying tectonic controls in the NW Zagros area in the
Kurdistan region of Iraq. Results reveal that the deposition of the suture
zone units of the Red Beds Series (RBS; Suwais Group, Govanda Formation,
Merga Group) occurred in an intermontane basin on top of folded Upper
Cretaceous units and that the RBS deposits rest with an angular
unconformity on the underlying older strata. The RBS provenance data point
to the Paleogene Walash–Naopurdan–Kamyaran (WNK) complex as a source area
and imply a substantial decrease in magmatism by ∼ 36 Ma, as
reflected by the youngest age peaks. New detrital zircon provenance data
from the hinterland wedge-top units of the proto-Zagros foreland basin (the
Tanjero, Kolosh, and Gercus formations) exhibit exclusive derivation from
the Upper Cretaceous Neotethys ophiolitic terranes, which differs from the
provenance of the older Lower Cretaceous and Paleozoic units that are
dominated by the Paleozoic and Neoproterozoic age spectra. These shifts in
provenance between different tectonostratigraphic units argue for a sediment
source reversal from the west to the east in response to ophiolite obduction,
arrival of the WNK complex, and commencement of the Arabia–Eurasia
continental collision during the latest Eocene (< 36 Ma). According
to the provenance data, the incipient collision was followed by the
deposition of the RBS in the hinterland of the proto-Zagros fold–thrust
belt as well as the connection of drainages with the collision-related Neogene
foreland basin.