bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of biomarkers related to angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and prediction of potential drugs
Authors: Zhao Yaowei , Li Hongyu , Ma Xiyuan , Meng Xianghong , Tang Qiang
Published: June 2024

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) refers to the secondary damage to myocardial tissue that occurs when blood perfusion is rapidly restored following myocardial ischemia. This process often exacerbates the injury to myocardial fiber structure and function. The activation mechanism of angiogenesis is closely related to MIRI and plays a significant role in the occurrence and progression of ischemic injury. In this study, we utilized sequencing data from the GEO database and employed WGCNA, Mfuzz cluster analysis, and protein interaction network to identify Stat3, Rela, and Ubb as hub genes involved in MIRI-angiogenesis. Additionally, the GO and KEGG analysis of differentially expressed genes highlighted their broad participation in inflammatory responses and associated signaling pathways. Moreover, the analysis of sequencing data and hub genes revealed a notable increase in the infiltration ratio of monocytes and activated mast cells. By establishing key cell ROC curves, using independent datasets, and validating the expression of hub genes, we demonstrated their high diagnostic value. Moreover, by scrutinizing single-cell sequencing data alongside trajectory analysis, it has come to light that Stat3 and Rela exhibit predominant expression within Dendritic cells. In contrast, Ubb demonstrates expression across multiple cell types, with all three genes being expressed at distinct stages of cellular development. Lastly, leveraging the CMap database, we predicted potential small molecule compounds for the identified hub genes and validated their binding activity through molecular docking. Ultimately, our research provides valuable evidence and references for the early diagnosis and treatment of MIRI from the perspective of angiogenesis.
Sivelestat improves acute lung injury by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Yaqing , Wang Haiyan , Liu Aiming , Pu Zunguo , Ji Qiuxia , Xu Jianhua , Xu Yuehua , Wang Ying
Published: June 2024

Objective

To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of sivelestat sodium on acute lung injury (AIL).

Methods

A rat model for ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) was established. Pathological examination of lung tissue was conducted to assess lung injury. Blood gas in the arteries was measured using a blood analyzer. Changes in PaO2, PaO2/FiO2, and lung wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio were carefully compared. ELISA assay was conducted to estimate cell adhesion and inflammation response. Finally, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assay was used to determine the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Results

ARDS in vivo model was successfully constructed by LPS injection. Compared with the sham group, PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 were significantly lower in the vehicle group, while the lung W/D ratio, the lung injury score, NE, VCAM-1, IL-8 andTNF-αwere significantly increased. After treatment with different doses of sivelestat sodium, we found PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 were prominently increased, while the lung W/D ratio, the lung injury score, NE, VCAM-1, IL-8, TNF-α levels were decreased in the dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, compared with the vehicle group, the expression levels of Bax, PI3K, Akt and mTOR were significantly lower, and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly higher after injection with sivelestat sodium.

Conclusion

Sivelestat sodium has an interventional effect on ALI in sepsis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway.
Attribution classification method of APT malware based on multi-feature fusion
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liu Shengquan , Liu Zhihua
Published: June 2024

In recent years, with the development of the Internet, the attribution classification of APT malware remains an important issue in society. Existing methods have yet to consider the DLL link library and hidden file address during the execution process, and there are shortcomings in capturing the local and global correlation of event behaviors. Compared to the structural features of binary code, opcode features reflect the runtime instructions and do not consider the issue of multiple reuse of local operation behaviors within the same APT organization. Obfuscation techniques more easily influence attribution classification based on single features. To address the above issues, (1) an event behavior graph based on API instructions and related operations is constructed to capture the execution traces on the host using the GNNs model. (2) ImageCNTM captures the local spatial correlation and continuous long-term dependency of opcode images. (3) The word frequency and behavior features are concatenated and fused, proposing a multi-feature, multi-input deep learning model. We collected a publicly available dataset of APT malware to evaluate our method. The attribution classification results of the model based on a single feature reached 89.24% and 91.91%. Finally, compared to single-feature classifiers, the multi-feature fusion model achieves better classification performance.
Demonstrating service delivery models for effective initiation and retention on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among female bar workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A double randomized intervention study protocol
Authors: Chebet Joy J. , Akyoo Winfrida Onesmo , Goymann Hannah , Harling Guy , Barnhart Dale A. , Mosha Idda H. , Kamori Doreen Donald , Gandhi Monica , Mbunda Theodora , Kipeleka Judith , Sando David , Spiegelman Donna , Mpembeni Rose , Bärnighausen Till
Published: June 2024

Background

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) has demonstrated efficacy in preventing HIV infection. Female Bar Workers (FBWs) often act as informal sex workers, placing them at risk of HIV infection. Despite expressing interest in PrEP, FBWs face barriers to accessing public-sector clinics where PrEP is delivered. We developed a study to compare the effectiveness of workplace-based PrEP provision to standard-of-care facility-based provision for PrEP initiation, retention and adherence among FBWs.

Methods

In this double-randomized intervention study, FBWs aged 15 years and above will be screened, consented and initiated on PrEP (emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil), and followed for six months. Participants will be randomized at the bar level and offered PrEP at their workplace or at a health facility. Those who are initiated will be independently individually randomized to either receive or not receive an omni-channel PrEP champion intervention (support from an experienced PrEP user) to improve PrEP adherence. We expect to screen 1,205 FBWs to enroll at least 160 HIV negative women in the study. Follow-up visits will be scheduled monthly. HIV testing will be performed at baseline, month 1, 4 and 6; and TDF testing at months 2 and 6. Primary outcomes for this trial are: (1) initiation on PrEP (proportion of those offered PrEP directly observed to initiate PrEP); and (2) adherence to PrEP (detectable urine TDF drug level at 6-months post-enrollment). The primary outcomes will be analyzed using Intention-to-Treat (ITT) analyses.

Discussion

Using a randomized trial design, we will evaluate two interventions aiming to reduce barriers to uptake and retention on PrEP among FBWs, a vulnerable population at risk of HIV acquisition and onward transmission. If these interventions prove effective in promoting PrEP among FBWs, they could assist in abating the HIV epidemic in Africa.

Trial registration

Registered with German Clinical Trials Register (www.drks.de) on 29 April 2020; Registration number DRKS00018101.
Drivers of domestic migration in Vietnam: The characteristics of the households and their heads, environmental factors and living conditions
Authors: Vo Duc Hong
Published: June 2024

Vietnam has achieved significant economic growth, poverty reduction, and social transformation since its 1986 major economic reform. However, industrialization, a key pillar supporting this achievement, has resulted in massive domestic migration from certain parts of the country into industrialized provinces mainly located in the south of Vietnam, leading to various challenges for society. This study investigates the effects of the characteristics of Vietnamese households and their heads, environmental factors, and living conditions of the households in the regions where they have decided to leave behind for a migration decision on domestic migration. Our study also compares the migration trends in the past decade using the Vietnamese Household Living Standard Surveys (VHLSS) in 2010 and 2020, together with a logit model. We find that the average probability that a household and their members migrate is about 10 per cent in 2010, reduced to approximately 6.8 per cent in 2020. Our empirical findings also confirm that a migration decision is strongly associated with the characteristics of the households and their heads, particularly for the household size and the educational level of the household head. The average radiation and rainfall are also associated with a migration decision. Weather temperature, water sources, and electricity supply also play an essential role in Vietnamese households’ migration decisions. Policy implications have emerged based on these empirical findings that the Vietnamese government should consider.
Prediction of final pathology depending on preoperative myometrial invasion and grade assessment in low-risk endometrial cancer patients: A Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group ancillary study
Authors: Jang Dong-hoon , Lee Hyun-Gyu , Lee Banghyun , Kang Sokbom , Kim Jong-Hyeok , Kim Byoung-Gie , Kim Jae-Weon , Kim Moon-Hong , Chen Xiaojun , No Jae Hong , Lee Jong-Min , Kim Jae-Hoon , Watari Hidemich , Kim Seok Mo , Kim Sung Hoon , Seong Seok Ju , Jeong Dae Hoon , Kim Yun Hwan
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Fertility-sparing treatment (FST) might be considered an option for reproductive patients with low-risk endometrial cancer (EC). On the other hand, the matching rates between preoperative assessment and postoperative pathology in low-risk EC patients are not high enough. We aimed to predict the postoperative pathology depending on preoperative myometrial invasion (MI) and grade in low-risk EC patients to help extend the current criteria for FST.

Methods/Materials

This ancillary study (KGOG 2015S) of Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group 2015, a prospective, multicenter study included patients with no MI or MI <1/2 on preoperative MRI and endometrioid adenocarcinoma and grade 1 or 2 on endometrial biopsy. Among the eligible patients, Groups 1–4 were defined with no MI and grade 1, no MI and grade 2, MI <1/2 and grade 1, and MI <1/2 and grade 2, respectively. New prediction models using machine learning were developed.

Results

Among 251 eligible patients, Groups 1–4 included 106, 41, 74, and 30 patients, respectively. The new prediction models showed superior prediction values to those from conventional analysis. In the new prediction models, the best NPV, sensitivity, and AUC of preoperative each group to predict postoperative each group were as follows: 87.2%, 71.6%, and 0.732 (Group 1); 97.6%, 78.6%, and 0.656 (Group 2); 71.3%, 78.6% and 0.588 (Group 3); 91.8%, 64.9%, and 0.676% (Group 4).

Conclusions

In low-risk EC patients, the prediction of postoperative pathology was ineffective, but the new prediction models provided a better prediction.
Interactions between Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides and bovine macrophages under physiological conditions
Authors: Totté Philippe , Bonnefois Tiffany , Manso-Silván Lucia
Published: June 2024

We investigated the interactions of unopsonized and opsonized Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) with bovine macrophages in vitro. Mmm survived and proliferated extracellularly on bovine macrophage cell layers in the absence of Mmm-specific antisera. Bovine complement used at non-bactericidal concentrations did neither have opsonizing effect nor promoted intracellular survival, whereas Mmm-specific antisera substantially increased phagocytosis and Mmm killing. A phagocytosis-independent uptake of Mmm by macrophages occurred at a high multiplicity of infection, also found to induce the production of TNF, and both responses were unaffected by non-bactericidal doses of bovine complement. Bovine complement used at higher doses killed Mmm in cell-free cultures and completely abrogated TNF responses by macrophages. These results provide a framework to identify Mmm antigens involved in interactions with macrophages and targeted by potentially protective antibodies and point towards a pivotal role of complement in the control of inflammatory responses in contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.
Non-kin caregivers of terminally ill people: Contributions, experiences, and needs: A protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Heckel Maria , Herbst Franziska A.
Published: June 2024

Background

The role of non-kin caregivers, such as friends, neighbours, and acquaintances, in providing end-of-life care is significant but often overlooked in research and policy discussions. These caregivers provide extensive support for individuals in end-of-life care, in addition to or instead of family members. However, there is limited evidence in the literature regarding the experiences, burdens, and benefits of non-kin caregivers.

Aims

The aim of this research is to examine the role and contributions of non-kin caregivers in end-of-life care. The study intends to uncover their experiences, associated challenges, benefits, and requirements for support.

Methods

In order to achieve this objective, a mixed-methods approach will be employed, gathering data through structured questionnaires from approximately 150 non-kin caregivers and in-depth interviews with up to 25 participants. The questionnaires will measure the impact, burden, and benefits of caregiving. The Burden Scale for Family Caregivers, the Benefits of Being a Caregiver Scale, the Family Inventory of Needs, the Positive Mental Health Scale, a Graphic Closeness Scale, and selected items of the Eurofamcare Common Assessment Tool for socio-demographic and caregiving-related data will be used. Quantitative data will be analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28 for descriptive analysis and group comparison. The objective of the qualitative in-depth interviews is to obtain a comprehensive picture of the personal experiences, motivations and support needs of members of the non-kin caregivers cohort, who are as heterogeneous as possible in terms of gender, socio-economic status, and facility with the German language. The qualitative data from the interviews will be examined using MAXQDA software, adopting a grounded theory approach for analysis.

Discussion

This research will develop a comprehensive framework that captures the nuanced experiences of non-kin caregivers at the end of life. The framework will identify areas where support for non-kin caregivers is lacking and where further research is needed.

Trial registration

The study was prospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien) (Registration N° DRKS00033889; date of registration: 05 April 2024). The study is searchable under the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal of the World Health Organization, under the German Clinical Trials Register number.
An Improved Migratory Birds Optimization Algorithm for Closed- Loop Supply Chain Network Planning in a Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Ren Yangjun , Chen Qiong , Lau Yui-yip , Dulebenets Maxim A. , Li Mengchi , Li Botang , Ching-Pong Poo Mark , Zhang Pengfei
Published: June 2024

Recycling of used products can provide substantial economic and environmental benefits for supply chain players. However, many factors associated with the design of closed-loop supply chain networks are uncertain in their nature, including demand, opening cost of facilities, capacity of opened facilities, transportation cost, and procurement cost. Therefore, this study proposes a novel fuzzy programming model for closed-loop supply chain network design, which directly relies on the fuzzy ranking method based on a credibility measure. The objective of the presented optimization model aims at minimizing the total cost of the network when selecting the facility locations and transportation routes between the nodes of the network. Based on the problem characteristics, a Migratory Birds Optimization Algorithm with a new product source encoding scheme is developed as a solution approach. The inspiration for the product source coding method originates from the label information of raw material supplier and manufacturing factories on product packaging, as well as the information of each logistics node on the delivery order. This novel encoding method aims to address the limitations of four traditional encoding methods: Prüfer number based encoding, spanning tree based encoding, forest data structure based encoding, and priority based encoding, thereby increasing the likelihood of heuristic algorithms finding the optimal solution. Thirty-five illustrative examples are developed to evaluate the proposed algorithm against the exact optimization method (LINGO) and a Genetic Algorithm, Ant Colony Optimization, Simulated Annealing, which are recognized as well-known metaheuristic algorithms. The results from extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm is able to provide optimal and good-quality solutions within acceptable computational time even for large-scale numerical examples. The suitability of the model is confirmed through a meticulous sensitivity analysis. This analysis involves adjusting the confidence level incrementally from 50% to 100%, in 5% intervals, with respect to the model’s uncertain parameters. Consequently, it yields valuable managerial insights. The outcomes of this research are expected to provide scientific support for related supply chain enterprises and stakeholders.
Setting the boundaries–an approach to estimate the Loss Gap in dairy cattle
Authors: Sucena Afonso João , Gilbert William , Oikonomou Georgios , Rushton Jonathan
Published: June 2024

Dairy production in the UK has undergone substantial restructuring over the last few decades. Farming intensification has led to a reduction in the total numbers of farms and animals, while the average herd size per holding has increased. These ever-changing circumstances have important implications for the health and welfare of dairy cows, as well as the overall business performance of farms. For decision-making in dairy farming, it is essential to understand the underlying causes of the inefficiencies and their relative impact. The investigation of yield gaps regarding dairy cattle has been focused on specific causes. However, in addition to the risk of overestimating the impact of a specific ailment, this approach does not allow understanding of the relative contribution to the total, nor does it allow understanding of how well-described that gap is in terms of underlying causes. Using the English and Welsh dairy sectors as an example, this work estimates the Loss Gap–composed of yield losses and health expenditure ‐ using a benchmarking approach and scenario analysis. The Loss Gap was estimated by comparing the current performance of dairy herds as a baseline with that of scenarios where assumptions were made about the milk production of cows, production costs, market prices, mortality, and expenditure related to health events. A deterministic model was developed, consisting of an enterprise budget, in which the cow was the unit, with milking herd and young stock treated separately. When constraining milk production, the model estimated an annual Loss Gap of £148 to £227 million for the whole sector. The reduction in costs of veterinary services and medicines, alongside herd replacement costs, were important contributors to the estimate with some variation between the scenarios. Milk price had a substantial impact in the estimate, with revenue from milk yield representing more than 30% of the Loss Gap, when milk price was benchmarked against that of the top performing farms. This framework provides the boundaries for understanding the relative burden from specific causes in English and Welsh dairy cattle, ensuring that the sum of the estimated losses due to particular problem does not exceed the losses from all-causes, health or non-health related.
Water calligraphy: A living aesthetics in China’s south-western cities
Authors: Mirra Federica
Published: June 2024

This article examines the popular practice of water calligraphy (dishu) across Changsha, Guiyang and Chongqing to demonstrate its aesthetic potential. Specifically, it suggests that dishu can be interpreted as a new expression of calligraphy and an exemplary case of living aesthetics. To demonstrate this, this article discusses the author’s on-site observations and conversations with water calligraphers alongside the longstanding aesthetic principles of traditional calligraphy and the experimental works by Wang Dongling (b. 1945) and Song Dong (b. 1966). Moreover, by adopting a socio-geographical and historical lens, it views water calligraphy as a living, familiar and slow practice against China’s spectacular and fast urban rhythms. Overall, this article demonstrates that water calligraphy can contribute to the discourse of living aesthetics by favouring sensual encounters within the familiar, collective and slow-paced everyday. Last, this article can contribute to shaping a new aesthetic paradigm that favours the living in a non-western context.
The Impact of Political Instability on Financial Development, Economic Growth, Economic Growth Volatility and Financial Stability in Developing Countries
Authors: ULLAH Wasim , ZUBIR Ahmad Shauqi Mohamad , ARIFF Akmalia Mohamad
Published: June 2024

Political instability is usually attributed to the disruption of policy continuity following regime changes. Moreover, it is not solely the tangible effect but also the perceived risk among investors and other stakeholders that will result in policy alterations. Furthermore, the frequency and the manner in which regime changes occur play a crucial role in shaping the economic repercussions. This study fills in the gap in the literature by exploring the impact of political stability (PS) on financial development (FD), economic growth (EG), economic growth volatility (EGV) and financial stability (FS). This study uses the PCSE estimation method with a robustness check of GMM on data for 33 developing countries from 1980-2020. Results are useful for macro-prudential and macroeconomic policymakers. First, the relationship of PS with FD is linear for both financial institutions and financial markets. However, financial market efficiency (FME) reduces with increased PS. Therefore, policymakers need to focus on regulating FME related practices in politically stable environments. Second, PS positively affects EG in developing countries. Third, PS reduces EGV in developed countries, yet it increases economic growth volatility for developing countries. The policymakers in developing countries should not only be focused on financialization but they must also ensure that the reforms in enabling environment are also keeping pace with the growth of financialization. Fourth, PS increases FS for developing countries. Hence, economic growth volatility and financial stability cannot be used synonymously as these are measured differently and FS is a sub-set of economic stability. Therefore, the policy makers need to formulate the policies related to each of them according to the market and institutional realities pertaining to each of them.
The Impact of Digital Ecosystems on the Financial Management Efficiency in State Institutions
Authors: YATSUKH Olena , CHYHYRYNSKYI Artem , PURHANI Safar Hasan , BULHAKOVA Olena , DURMAN Mykola
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Digital ecosystems are a key driver of development at the current stage, in particular, in state institutions. Increasing efficiency of financial management through digitalization in the public sector is one of the key directions. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of digital ecosystems on the results of financial management in Ukrainian and Azerbaijani public institutions.
Methodology: The research employed the methodological tools of regression and correlation analysis, as well as descriptive statistics to determine the impact of digitalization on the effectiveness of financial management of institutions. The application of the least squares method revealed a statistically significant positive effect of digital technology spending (β1 = 0.0528, p = 0.010) on management efficiency, while other variables showed insignificant or negative effects. The model explains 43.6% of the variation in the dependent variable, with R-squared = 0.436 and Adjusted R-squared = 0.285.
Findings: Correlation analysis confirmed a strong positive relationship (r=0.58) between digitization costs and management efficiency. The article provides practical recommendations for optimizing the implementation of digital technologies in the management of public finances, including the development of electronic services and increasing the level of digital literacy.
Originality: Further research in the chosen direction will be focused on the formation and implementation of a system of key indicators of the effectiveness of digital ecosystems from the perspective of the efficiency of financial management in public institutions of Ukraine and Azerbaijan.
Molecular Detection Challenges of Human Plasmodium Knowlesi Infection by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Sequencing
Authors: Sulistyaningsih Erma , Belizani Resy Metri , Kusuma Irawan Fajar , Sillehu Sahrir , Dewi Rosita
Published: June 2024

Background: Plasmodium knowlesi is the fifth Plasmodium sp. causing malaria in human. There are 545 P. knowlesi malaria cases were reported in Indonesia in 2010-2021, the first cases were reported from South Kalimantan and more cases were occurred in Sumatra island. The morphology of P. knowlesi is difficult to distinguish from other Plasmodium species, it is similar to P. falciparum and P. malariae. Therefore, molecular identification is still the most promising method for diagnosing P. knowlesi infection.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the molecular detection method of human P. knowlesi infection using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing techniques.Methods: DNA was isolated from malaria blood samples. P. knowlesi detection was conducted by nested PCR using primer rPLU1 and rPLU5 for nested 1 and Kn1f and Kn3r for nested 2. The PCR products were directly sequencing. The sequences were analysed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).Results: Ten blood sample of malaria patients from Maluku province were collected after informed consent. The P. knowlesi specific PCR amplification resulted band of approximately 420 bp in all samples. Sequence analysis showed the highest similarity (89-92 %) with many global P. falciparum strains. However, BLAST analysis for part of sequences also showed high similarities with several P. knowlesi H strains 18s rRNA from Peninsular Malaysia. Primer analysis using BLAST demonstrated the specificity of kn3r-nested 2 primer, however, kn1f primer showed a cross reactive with Plasmodium sp including P. falciparum, P. knowlesi, and P. vivax.Conclusion: A new primer design with higher specificity for human P. knowlesi detection was needed to develop.
Potential Effects of Ipomoea reptans Poir. Extract on LDL, HDL levels and liver Histopathology
Authors: Rahma Kartika , Purnomo Frida Octavia
Published: June 2024

Background: Ipomoea reptans Poir. extract has been known to have antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and anti-obesity activities. The content of the secondary compounds antioxidant in the extract is believed to play an important role in this mechanism also often reported that have regulating cholesterol levels.Objective: This study aims to investigate the antioxidant activity of I. reptans extract on changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and liver histopathology in animal models of hypercholesterolemia that treated with I. reptans extract.Methods: This research was an in vivo experimental study using mice. Twenty five wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal group (N), hypercholesterolemic group (Chol), I. reptans extract group at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kgBB (IE 200; IE 300, and IE 400). In the Chol and IE groups, the rats were induced by cholesterol in the form of a mixture of quail egg yolk and animal oil for 21 days. Then, continued with therapy with I. reptans extract in the IE group only according to their respective doses for 14 days. All rats were then dissected and blood serum taken for analysis of LDL and HDL levels using a colorimetric kit, and liver organs were also taken for histopathological analysis with hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. All research data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the Levene's homogeneity test. If the data obtained is normally distributed, it is continued with the One-way Anova comparative test and the LSD post hoc test. If the data obtained is not normally distributed, continue with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.Results: The results showed that the average LDL levels in the N, Chol, IE 200, IE 300 and IE 400 groups were 8.56 ± 1.36, 29.9 ± 1.05, 25.22 ± 4.72, 9.12 ± 0.72, and 9.22 ± 0.77 mg/dL, while the average HDL levels in the were 38.1 ± 2.24, 15.92 ± 4.39, 33.4 ± 5.91, 36.92 ± 0.47, and 42.82 ± 3.27 mg/dL respectively. Liver histopathology in the IE 300 group showed reduced fatty degeneration compared to the Chol group.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the administration of I.reptans extract in hypercholesterolemia rats was able to ameliorates LDL and HDL levels, and improve liver histopathology.
Analysis Of Clerodendrum inerme Plant Compounds as Anti Diabetes Mellitus Through Network Pharmacology Approach
Authors: Jamil Ahmad Shobrun , Hilmy Fauzan
Published: June 2024

Background:  Diabetes mellitus prevalence in Indonesia has surged. In 2021, an estimated 19.5 million people had diabetes, with a 10.6% age-adjusted prevalence. Projections indicate around 9.5 million cases by 2024. Diabetes medications, such as metformin, are commonly used, although these medications have adverse effects. A common choice for chronic diseases like DM is the use of natural medications. A plant known as Clerodendrum inerme has the potential to alleviate diabetes, but little is known about its molecular mechanismsObjective: The purpose of this study was to explore the content of Clerodendrum inerme plant compounds and their potential for cases of Diabetes Mellitus.Methods: The KNApSAcK was used to conduct an analysis of plant parts of Clerodendrum inerme to seek out chemicals present in plants. A screening was done to find compounds by estimating Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) parameters using the canonical Simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) on the SwissADME. On the SwissTargetPrediction tool, predictions of target proteins from compounds that pass screening are connected to various probable proteins. utilising the String-db  to show the network between target proteins and associated diseasesResults: The Clerodendrum inerme consist of 24 different compound. The 24 compounds were screened, and the results showed that 4 of them, specifically (Z)-3-Hexenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, Rhodioloside, Sammangaoside B, and Clerodermic acid, had the potential to be developed into therapeutic agent. The compound are then analysed in order to find the protein target associated with diabetes mellitus and predict its networks. The findings indicate that multiple target proteins, including GSK3B, PPARG, DPP4, and STAT3, are connected to diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: It has been shown that (Z)-3-Hexenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, or clerodermic acid, is able to attach to the proteins GSK3B, PPARG, DPP4, and STAT3, which are all linked to diabetes mellitus.
PERANCANGAN ALAT DETEKSI KELAINAN JANTUNG DENGAN ANALISIS HASIL EKG BERBASIS MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Setyawan Tristan Rizky , Wibowo Tobias Kusuma , Hidayatno Achmad , Darjat Darjat , Handoyo Eko
Published: June 2024

Penyakit jantung merupakan penyakit yang mematikan, berdasarkan data dari World Health Organization (WHO) pada tahun 2021 angka kematian oleh penyakit jantung mencapai 17,8 juta jiwa. Salah satu jenis penyakit jantung yang mematikan adalah aritmia. Aritmia adalah kondisi ketika jantung berdetak lebih cepat dari biasanya. Penyakit ini menjadi mematikan karena banyak tidak disadari oleh penderitanya. Maka dari itu diperlukan cek secara berkala. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah ketika ingin melakukan cek ke dokter jantung diperlukan waktu yang lama. Alternatif lainnya adalah dengan membeli alat Elektrokardiogram (EKG), tetapi harga dari alat EKG sangat mahal. Apabila memang mampu untuk membeli alat EKG, tetap diperlukan pihak ketiga yang mampu membaca hasil dari gelombang EKG. Maka dari itu, diperlukan sebuah alat deteksi jantung yang ringkas, murah, dan tidak diperlukan pihak ketiga untuk pembacaan hasil. Pada pengerjaan Tugas Akhir ini dibuatlah sebuah alat yang mampu mendeteksi adanya kelainan jantung, khususnya aritmia. Alat ini akan bekerja menggunakan sensor AD8232 yang akan terhubung dengan ESP32 untuk membaca aktivitas jantung. Untuk sistem analisis penyakit akan digunakan machine learning dengan model SVM yang akan mengklasifikasi data aktivitas jantung. Pada pengujiannya alat dapat membaca aktivitas jantung dengan baik. Sistem analisis juga dapat mengklasifikasikan data aktivitas jantung menjadi sehat dan sakit.
Population genetics of Todarodes pacificus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) in the northwest Pacific Ocean via GBS sequencing
Authors: Liu Yang , Hu Xingxing , Lu Huajie , Liu Yimeng , Wang Congcong , Dai Xiaojie
Published: June 2024

The common squid, Todarodes pacificus, is an important commercial species that inhabits the northwest Pacific Ocean, particularly the East Japan Sea, the Pacific coast of Japan, and the East China Sea. In this study, we chose 29 individuals from three areas: one type from the Sea of Japan and two types from the East China Sea. A total of 43,529 SNPs were obtained using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Our analyses revealed low genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in each type. Heterozygote deficiency and inbreeding have caused this low level of genetic diversity. Population structure analysis indicated that the three types were genetically similar, which may be attributed to strong gene flow combined with the demographic history events during the last 2 million years. This new GBS application technique provides valuable information for the conservation of marine species genetics and could be useful for the effective management of this resource.
Effect of surface roughness on interface shear strength parameters of sandy soils
Authors: Kadhim Hala K. , Alyounis Mohamad
Published: June 2024

Understanding the interface shear strength is crucial for the design of geotechnical structures. This study investigates the effect of surface roughness on the interface friction angle, peak interface friction coefficient, and interface shear strength through direct interface shear tests. The experiments were performed on 10 samples of concrete and steel with the level of roughness varying and soil. The objective is to provide soil parameters for a site that is located around 6 km away to the south of Al-Amarah city, Southeast of Iraq where earthquakes hit frequently. The research is intended to investigate the effect of earthquakes on objects that are built in that particular region, by putting emphasis on the interaction between the soil structure and the roughness of the contact surface between the structural parts and the soil. In order to evaluate the roughness nature of structural materials, a test program was conducted using the SRT-6210 Digital Surface Roughness Tester. The average roughness parameter (R
a) had the strongest association with shear parameters, and so it is the indicator to explain the shear behavior of sand‒concrete and sand‒steel interfaces. The direct shear box test was employed to find out the soil’s shear strength parameters as well as the interface shear strength parameters. The test shows a profound change in the shear strength characteristics of sand‒concrete and sand‒steel indispensable interfaces. As the roughness index increased. It depicted an upward slope of apparent shear strength and friction coefficient taken at the interface. The shear strength had increased by 25.13% when the roughness of the concrete was below

20
μ
m

20{\rm{\mu }}{\rm{m}}

and by 36.26% when the roughness of the steel was below

30
μ
m
.

\hspace{0.25em}30{\rm{\mu }}{\rm{m}}.\hspace{0.25em}

Moreover, sand‒steel samples interface friction angle increased by approximately 31.5% with increasing surface roughness and sand‒concrete samples by 21.54%. The results also revealed that the peak interface friction coefficient

(
μ
p
)

\left(\mu p)

increased with the increase in R
a.
Photuris mcavoyi (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): a new firefly from Delaware interdunal wetlands
Authors: Heckscher Christopher M. , Branham Marc A.
Published: June 2024

Photuris mcavoyi
sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) is described from coastal freshwater interdunal swale wetlands in Sussex County, Delaware, USA. The species is most easily diagnosed from potential sympatric congeners by the combination of a male flash pattern consisting of ∼0.5 s bright yellow signal at irregular intervals (∼3.4–4.1 s), body length (

x
‾

$\bar{x}$

 = 9.8 mm) and width (

x
‾

$\bar{x}$

 = 3.8 mm), pale scutellum of normal proportions (i.e., not reduced), light brown metacoxae, and pronotum vitta lacking flukes. To date, despite recent survey work at former sites occupied by the species, P. mcavoyi has not been confirmed extant since 1998. Surveys for P. mcavoyi should continue in Delaware and Maryland and should include interdunal wetlands in Virginia and New Jersey. The holotype has been deposited at the National Museum of Natural History (USNM), Washington D. C., United States.
“Survival” and “death” in Céline’s novels
Authors: Duan Huimin
Published: June 2024

Louis-Ferdinand Céline, a French writer of the twentieth century, was an important author during the two world wars in France. His works, set against the backdrop of these wars, depict the various aspects of human nature during wartime. “Survival” and “Death” are important themes discussed in Céline’s novels. Under the background of wars, “survival” becomes the instinct of characters in Céline’s works, but the threat of death is always present. Through the perspective of a doctor, Céline materializes “survival” and “death,” using metaphors such as “devouring,” “decomposition,” and “corrosion” to illustrate the viewpoint of “death on the installment plan,” vividly depicting the “imagination” and “fear” between “survival” and “death,” presenting the disasters and sufferings caused by wars, and expressing strong antiwar sentiments within a pessimistic view of life and death. By using semiotic isotope as a tool, we study the thematic generation process of “survival and death,” analyzing the “surface-level image paths” of the text through the “discourse images,” and then delving into the deeper layers of the text to discover the inherent and shared nuclear seme features of these images and their repetition of information, namely semiotic isotope.
Methylation regulation for FUNDC1 stability in childhood leukemia was up-regulated and facilitates metastasis and reduces ferroptosis of leukemia through mitochondrial damage by FBXL2
Authors: Tan Sihai , Ge Yirong , Bi Jing
Published: June 2024

Leukemia, the most common malignant tumor in childhood, can be categorized into acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. However, the role of FUNDC1 in childhood leukemia (CL) remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the effects of FUNDC1 on patients with CL and its underlying mechanism both in vivo and in vitro. The mRNA expression levels of FUNDC1 were found to be up-regulated in serum samples from CL patients as well as in leukemia cell lines. Furthermore, it was observed that the mRNA expression of FUNDC1 was lower in stage I–II CL patients compared to stage III–IV patients. The up-regulation of FUNDC1 was found to promote leukemia metastasis. Additionally, it was discovered that FUNDC1 up-regulation reduces ferroptosis by inhibiting mitochondrial damage. In a leukemia model, FUNDC1 up-regulation induces the expression of FBXL2. Moreover, FUNDC1 up-regulation reduces FBXL2 ubiquitination, thus maintaining FBXL2 protein expression in leukemia. By inducing FBXL2, FUNDC1 reduces ferroptosis in leukemia through the inhibition of mitochondrial damage. The stability of FUNDC1 is controlled by METTL3 methylation. Overall, this study sheds light on the role of FUNDC1 in CL and provides insights into its underlying mechanisms.
Validity and error analysis of calculating matrix exponential function and vector product
Authors: Tu Lihui , Hong Huanjie
Published: June 2024

In this study, an efficient calculation method of matrix exponential function and vector product is proposed to reduce the calculation error. This method is based on the flexible exponential integral scheme; using B-series theory and two-color tree theory, the numerical series expression is obtained, and the exponential integral of the matrix exponential function is solved. By constructing a specific numerical integration scheme and analyzing its convergence under the theoretical framework of analytic semigroups, the convergence analysis of numerical schemes is studied and perfected. The numerical results show that the proposed method of matrix exponential function and vector product has a small error, which shows obvious advantages in reducing the calculation error.
Editorial: Microhistory and Archaeology
Authors: Quirós Castillo Juan Antonio
Published: June 2024

This is an introduction to the Special Issue on Microhistory and Archaeology.
Can Migration Fear and Policy Uncertainty Be the Source of Macroeconomic Fluctuations?
Authors: Ceylan Fatih , Ünlü Mustafa
Published: June 2024

There is no doubt that migration is a complex phenomenon with varied economic, political, and cultural impacts on both the countries of origin as well as the countries of destination. In particular, migration fears and policy uncertainties may have positive or negative consequences on economic activities such as the labor market, price stability, and economic activity in economies either directly or indirectly. For this reason, this study analyzes the causality effect of migration fear and policy uncertainty indices on macroeconomic variables in the most immigrant-receiving countries, the US, the UK, France, and Germany, using both panel and time-varying causality tests. In the study, no causality relationship was found from migration fear and policy uncertainty indices to macroeconomic variables in panel data. However, country-specific time-varying causality relationships were detected in the time series dimension. According to the findings, it can be stated that policymakers and researchers should consider migration fear and policy uncertainty when determining policies to ensure macroeconomic stability in these countries.
Post-entry experiences of newcomers through the perspective of gamification: the relationship between socialization context and socialization outcomes
Authors:   , Pečiūra Žigimantas
Published: June 2024

Naujokų patirtys po įsidarbinimo žaidybinimo perspektyvoje: socializacijos konteksto ir socializacijos pasekmių sąsajos
Mystery of a burnt body
Authors: Nath Sabyasachi , Majumder Rajib , Pratihari HK
Published: June 2024

It is very often revealed, homicide by poisoning, strangulation, torture, rape, bride burning cases are suppressed to present the crime as suicide burning. Such modus operandi is adopted by perpetrators to conceal the facts and misguide the investigation. In order to investigate burning cases, it is very much essential to visit the undisturbed crime scene to ascertain homicide/suicide burning since many post incident evidence are helpful to distinguish between homicide and suicide burning, further supported by autopsy findings. In one case, the husband, wife and kid were staying together at their own house. One day, the neighbours observed thick smoke was coming out from the roof top of the house. They screamed, forcibly entered and could find a burnt body lying on the roof top with a deformed plastic jerrycan nearby. The police was informed and immediately forensic team and police started the investigation. There was still presence of residual fire and smoke and many other post burning peculiarities were observed on the burnt body and the crime spot. The deceased’s body was sent for autopsy. The different post burning features observed on the crime spot, autopsy findings and criminal profile have been discussed and the mystery of death has been revealed.
Coconut fibers as a natural adsorbent to brilliant coomassie blue dye adsorption
Authors: Moura Karine Oliveira , de Sousa João Paulo , Silveira Francisco Fernando
Published: June 2024

The adsorption method is widely studied by the scientific community for the treatment of water containing pollutants, since water quality and its preservation is a current topic of great importance. Therefore, the present work analyzed the potential of coconut fibers as a natural adsorbent for the adsorption process of Brilliant Coomassie Blue dye solutions, using UV-vis spectrophotometry as a method to analyze the removal process. For this, the parameters of adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and contact time were evaluated. Furthermore, the kinetic study was carried out applying the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models. It was observed that coconut fiber is an easy-to-use material as an adsorbent, resulting in a maximum adsorbed amount of 3.04 mg g-1, with 83.5% being the highest percentage of removal. Adsorption reached equilibrium within 24 hours and the Pseudo-second order model fitted the process better, indicating chemical adsorption.