bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of clinical educators in physiotherapy clinical education: The student’s perspective
Authors: Dimo A. T. , Phaswana T. P.
Published: June 2019

Background and aim: Clinical educator’s play an important role in the training of physiotherapy students as they spend most of their time in a clinical setting. Clinical educators facilitate the integration of theoretical and practical components of physiotherapy education with actual patients in a real life situation. The aim of the study was to establish the clinical educator’s role as perceived by students. Methods: Descriptive survey methods utilising a close ended questionnaire were used to collect data from students. A study sample of 80 students was used. Data collected were analysed using the SAS statistical program.Results: Orientation was cited as the most important role of the clinical educator (94%), by the respondents. Teaching activities were the second most important category of the clinical educator’s role (75%). Assessment was the next category considered to form part of clinical educator’s role. Communication were not considered to be part of clinical educator’s role.Conclusion: The students perceive orientation, teaching and assessment of performance activities to constitute the role of the clinical educator. Communication activities were rated not to form part of the clinical educator’s role.
Material breach of a treaty: some remarks on the Partial Award of 30 June 2016 in the matter of an arbitration between Croatia and Slovenia
Authors: Xiouri Maria
Published: June 2019

This article examines the Partial Award of 30 June 2016 in the matter of an arbitration between Croatia and Slovenia, which presents particular interest with regard to the topic of termination of a treaty – which in this case was an arbitration agreement – on the grounds of its material breach by a party. It focuses on the issues of: (1) the jurisdiction of the Tribunal to examine the legality of the purported termination of the arbitration agreement; (2) the possibility of termination of an arbitration agreement because of its material breach; (3) the definition of material breach, examining the notion of repudiation of a treaty and the notion of violation of a provision essential to the accomplishment of the object and purpose of the treaty, as well as the question of whether the material character of breach depends on the gravity of the latter; and (4) procedural issues with regard to the termination of a treaty on the grounds of its material breach. The article argues that, in this Partial Award, the Tribunal made some important clarifications with regard to the issue of termination of a treaty on the grounds of its material breach. Moreover, the Tribunal arguably emphasised treaty stability, by adopting a strict interpretation of the definition of material breach according to Article 60 (3)(b) VCLT, which, however, moves away from the letter of this provision to a certain extent.
Care of the Elderly, Quo Vadis?
Authors: Bowman Clive
Published: June 2019

Financial and Competing Interests: CB is a NED to a care home provider and is Chair of a technology company engaged in medicines management software
Ictal Asystole: A Diagnostic and Management Conundrum
Authors: Mbizvo Gashirai K , Derry Chris , Davenport Richard
Published: June 2019

We report two cases of adults presenting with transient loss of consciousness (TLoC) followed by a rapid recovery. Careful history taking revealed a stereotyped prodrome of déjà vu, raising the possibility of these events being focal seizures rather than syncope. The patients were commenced on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) at the same time as having cardiac monitoring organised. This confirmed asystole during the seizure symptoms, resulting in TLoC. It was assumed that the cardiac arrhythmia explained the entire picture, a permanent pacemaker (PPM) was inserted, and the AEDs were withdrawn in one patient and not commenced in the other. However, they both subsequently presented with worsening seizures, including generalised tonic-clonic seizures, despite a functioning pacemaker. The seizures improved on restarting AEDs. The cases illustrate the diagnostic and management difficulties of patients presenting with ictal asystole, a condition that requires input from various medical specialities. There is no strong evidence base for the management of ictal asystole, but we favour a combined approach of AEDs and PPM insertion.
The Humane Society Movement and the Transnational Exchange of Medical Knowledge in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: McCabe Ciarán
Published: June 2019

Humane societies emerged in considerable numbers throughout the transatlantic world in the late eighteenth century. These charities promoted innovative methods for resuscitating the apparently drowned, drawing upon advances in the medical understanding of resuscitation and scientific innovations in life-saving techniques. Humane societies constituted a transnational philanthropic movement, in that member societies corresponded with each other and drew upon the work of fellow life-saving charities. Medical gentlemen, especially physicians and surgeons, were at the forefront of this movement and contributed greatly to the foundation of these societies, as well as to the vibrant transnational discourse on resuscitation techniques. This paper will explore the proliferation of humane societies as constituting a transnational movement of voluntary organisations, and will pay particular attention to British and Irish life-saving charities in the early decades of this movement (1770- c. 1820).
Educação Física escolar no ensino fundamental: o planejamento participativo na organização didático-pedagógica
Authors: Farias Uirá De Siqueira , Nogueira Valdilene Aline , Sousa Cláudio Aparecido de , Maldonado Daniel Teixeira
Published: June 2019

Relatamos duas experiências pedagógicas onde os docentes utilizaram o planejamento participativo como estratégia para selecionar as práticas corporais e os conteúdos tematizados durante as aulas de Educação Física no Ensino Fundamental. O primeiro projeto educativo foi desenvolvido com estudantes do 5º ano em uma escola municipal de São Paulo. Durante essas aulas os discentes participaram da escolha dos jogos, brincadeiras e esportes que foram desenvolvidos durante o ano. A segunda experiência ocorreu em uma cooperativa educacional localizadaem Minas Geraiscom alunos do 9º ano. Essa é uma escola que tem por essência o trabalho por projetos e os discentes participaram do planejamento de todos os componentes curriculares. Nas aulas de Educação Física os jovens escolheram, em conjunto com a docente, vivenciar e refletir sobre esportes, jogos, brincadeiras e ginásticas. Concluímos que o planejamento participativo pode estimular maior participação dos estudantes durante as aulas de Educação Física Escolar.
A utilização de recursos tecnológicos por professores de Educação Física do município do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Barros Glhevysson Dos Santos , Triani Felipe Da Silva
Published: June 2019

Este artigo investiga a familiaridade, frequência, local e tempo de uso dos recursos tecnológicos por professores de educação física do município do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar se os professores estavam utilizando a tecnologia no cotidiano, seja para lazer ou para o trabalho. O estudo contou com a participação de 159 docentes, com média de idade de 34,25, cujo principal instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário online; Os resultados do estudo apontaram que a maioria possui laptop, smartphone e acessa a internet todos os dias, de diferentes lugares, sendo esse acesso pelo celular, pelo menos cinco vezes ao dia, de 1 a 3 horas. Assim, foi possível perceber que apesar das dificuldades que há nas escolas das redes municipais, os professores são mais envolvidos com a tecnologia, pois acessam a internet todos os dias, seja para lazer, seja para trabalho ou estudos.
A percepção discente em relação às aprendizagens dos conteúdos atitudinais nas aulas de Educação Física escolar: um estudo de caso
Authors: Souza Adriano Lopez , Tavares Otávio
Published: June 2019

Em articulação com a problemática do aparecimento oculto da dimensão atitudinal no contexto das aulas de Educação Física, o presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a percepção discente sobre os conteúdos atitudinais aprendidos nas aulas de Educação Física. Adota o delineamento de um estudo qualitativo descritivo. Para realizar a nossa coleta de dados, empregamos a técnica do grupo focal com cinco alunos de uma escola da rede pública do município de Vitória-ES. Na perspectiva dos discentes participantes deste estudo, as aulas de Educação Física propiciam, dentre outras coisas, a aprendizagem de diferentes aspectos referentes à dimensão atitudinal (normas, valores e atitudes), confirmando a nossa hipótese de que este espaço possui um grande potencial para desenvolvê-los.
Formação inicial em Educação Física e as aprendizagens com a escola: a possibilidade da prática como componente curricular
Authors: Bisconsini Camila Rinaldi , Oliveira Amauri Aparecido Bássoli de
Published: June 2019

Conforme as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a formação inicial em nível superior de 2015, as licenciaturas devem integrar aos seus programas as atividades teórico-práticas de aprofundamento em áreas específicas (200h), atividades formativas (2.200h), o estágio supervisionado (400h) e a Prática como Componente Curricular - PCC (400h). O objetivo foi verificar as possibilidades da PCC para aproximar acadêmicos de Educação Física do cenário escolar e as possíveis aprendizagens decorrentes dessa integração. Foram entrevistados 41 formandos de Licenciatura em Educação Física e 18 docentes do mesmo curso, com posterior análise de conteúdo. Os dados apontam que a PCC foi lembrada como uma estratégia para intensificar a aproximação dos futuros professores com a Educação Básica e contribuir para a aprendizagem dos saberes profissionais. Quanto mais diversificada e abrangente se apresentar a formação, mais referências sobre a profissão terão os licenciandos, o que poderá contribuir para uma atuação profissional condizente com a realidade do ensino público.
O ensino do basquetebol e o espaço físico em questão: um relato de experiência a partir de uma escola pública do norte
Authors: Marques Marcelo , Ribeiro Nayana , Colares Jeisa
Published: June 2019

O basquetebol demanda um espaço físico escolar melhor estruturado e isso parece ser um fator limitante para o desenvolvimento deste nas escolas públicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a experiência de introduzir o basquetebol a alunos de uma escola pública da periferia de Manaus que não possui quadra poliesportiva. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa a partir de uma observação participante. Quatro aulas (teóricas e práticas) abordando o basquetebol foram propostas a 36 alunos do ensino fundamental 2. Infere-se que o basquetebol pode ser desenvolvido com os alunos da escola pública mesmo sem espaço físico apropriado. Cabe ao professor ser o agente promotor do acesso ao basquetebol escolar com uma proposta pedagógica dinâmica, além da necessidade de questionamento sobre suas normas, sentidos e suas condições de adaptação à realidade social e cultural da escola.
O jogo tradicional no contexto atual da quarta colônia de imigração italiana no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Stein Fernanda , Marin Elizara Carolina
Published: June 2019

Este artigo tematiza os jogos tradicionais como manifestações culturais produzidas pela humanidade. Objetivamos compreender os sentidos atribuídos aos jogos tradicionais na atualidade por sujeitos sociais que vivenciaram o processo de transformação de Sociedades consolidadas com a colonização italiana no Rio Grande do Sul. Realizamos pesquisa de campo e documental. Os jogos tradicionais estiveram presentes no cotidiano das colônias italianas desde as primeiras décadas da colonização, nas residências das famílias, nos bolichos e nos campos abertos. Na década de 1960, foi iniciado um movimento para construção de sedes, as Sociedades, resultantes do processo de transformações políticas e econômicas. Na atualidade, identificamos um processo de retorno dessas manifestações aos bolichos e às residências, como recusa à imposição de regras, ao controle do tempo, aos modos de se vestir, comportar-se, gesticular e comunicar-se. Os jogos tradicionais assumem sentido na vida dos jogadores quando possibilitam exteriorizar e materializar a interioridade
Preocupações dos professores de Educação Física no início da carreira docente
Authors: Favatto Naline Cristina , Both Jorge
Published: June 2019

A pesquisa analisou as preocupações dos professores de Educação Física que estavam no início da carreira. O estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa contou com a participação de 16 professores efetivos que estavam entre o 1º e 4º ano de docência nas escolas municipais e estaduais de Maringá (Paraná). Para coleta de dados foi empregada a entrevista semiestruturada e as informações foram analisadas conforme a técnica da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram que todos os grupos apresentam preocupações com as dimensões consigo, tarefa, impacto da tarefa, realidade social do aluno, políticas públicas para a educação e status da disciplina. Além disso, observou-se que as inquietações dos professores com um e dois anos de carreira apresentavam comportamento mais crítico e resistente frente às normas da instituição, enquanto que os docentes com três e quatro anos de magistério apresentaram postura crítica e madura frente aos problemas do trabalho.
As despesas públicas municipais como determinante no desenvolvimento humano
Authors: Oliveira Leandro Saraiva Dantas de , Araújo Aneide Oliveira
Published: June 2019

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar se as despesas públicas municipais impactam no desenvolvimento humano dos municípios brasileiros. Verificou-se, nos resultados em geral, que as despesas funcionais em habitação e urbanismo, saúde e saneamento, e transporte impactaram de forma positiva no desenvolvimento humano nas mais diversas dimensões. Já a despesa em educação e cultura impactou de forma negativa. Desse modo, verifica-se, em geral, que as despesas municipais têm pequeno poder explicativo no desenvolvimento humano dos municípios, seja por uma eventual má alocação dos recursos devido a escolhas públicas inadequadas, ou pela necessidade de analisar o impacto dessas despesas junto com as dos demais entes federativos.
Os Mecanismos de Indução ao Cumprimento do Direito Internacional à Luz da Teoria Realista das Relações Internacionais
Authors: Lopes Ferraz Elias Fernando
Published: June 2019

Há uma carência de pesquisa acadêmica sobre o direito internacional com ferramentas metodológicas interdisciplinares, particularmente sobre o cumprimento do direito internacional a partir das teorias das relações internacionais. Diante disso, buscou-se analisar o fenômeno do cumprimento do direito internacional, conforme os argumentos centrais do paradigma realista das relações internacionais. Constatou-se que, para o realismo, o cumprimento do direito internacional depende do nível de coerção de seus mecanismos determinados pelas relações de poder e pelas assimetrias das relações internacionais.
A Função da “Personalidade do Estado” na Elaboração Penal do Fascismo Italiano: laesae maiestas e tecnicismo-jurídico no Código Rocco (1930)
Authors: Dal Ri Junior Arno , Moreira Gouveia Kristal
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo discute a função da personalidade jurídica atribuída ao Estado no Código Penal Italiano de 1930 para a instituição de categorias autoritárias e totalizantes. Para isso, buscou-se inicialmente localizar a importância do Código no itinerário fascista de imposição de poder. Foram analisadas quais funções do direito penal foram flexibilizadas, ignoradas ou atribuídas. Por meio da ressignificação da expressão laesa maiestas, focou-se na relação entre a nova figura do Estado no contexto do Código Penal e o deslocamento de tutela de reconhecimento de bens jurídicos posterior, em especial no que se refere à virada punitivista, que coloca o indivíduo como alvo e como possível ameaça e não mais como sujeito da tutela jurídica. Por fim, foram analisados os institutos maculados de forma mais visível por essa característica e sua reminiscência na atual legislação penal italiana.
Aromatherapy in the treatment of rosacea induced by Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Walaszek Robert , Marszałek Anna , Kasperczyk Tadeusz , Burdacka Katarzyna , Burdacki Marcin
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Recent study results show that essential oils obtained from some plants have a strong bactericidal effect against many pathogenic microorganisms and therefore they may play a supportive role in the prevention and treatment of infections caused by Helicobacter pylori. Infection with Helicobacter pylori is a suspected cause of rosacea, a chronic multi-phase inflammatory disease of the face, manifesting with vascular changes in the form of characteristic erythema. The purpose of this work was to present aromatherapy as a safe method supporting the treatment of rosacea induced by Helicobacter pylori.

Methods

The paper is a narrative review of the world scientific literature.

Results

Essential oils that exert an antimicrobial effect on Helicobacter pylori are presented. They penetrate the cell wall and cell membrane of the microorganisms, disturb the integrity of the structures, and lead to bacterial cell death.

Conclusions

The broad range of effects, rapidity of action, and efficacy of aromatherapy make it an effective weapon against Helicobacter pylori infections.
Exploring genetic diversity and phylogenic relationships of Chinese cattle using gene mtDNA 16S rRNA
Authors: Yan Linjun , She Yifan , Elzo Mauricio A. , Zhang Chunlei , Fang Xingtang , Chen Hong
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The objective of this research was to characterize the genetic diversity and phylogenetic diversity among 12 cattle breeds (10 Chinese breeds and two foreign taurine breeds as controls) utilizing gene mtDNA 16S rRNA. The complete sequences of the mtDNA 16S rRNA genes of the 251 animals were 1570 bp long. The mean percentages of the four nitrogen bases were 37.8 % for adenine (A), 23.7 % for thymine (T), 20.9 % for cytosine (C), and 17.6 % for guanine (G). The mtDNA 16S rRNA gene base percentages had a strong bias towards A + T. All detected nucleotide variations in gene mtDNA 16S rRNA were either transitions (62.3 %) or transversions (37.7 %); no indels (insertions and deletions) were found. A total of 40 haplotypes were constructed based on these mutations. A total of 36 haplotypes of these 40 haplotypes were present in 10 Chinese cattle breeds. The haplotype diversity of all Chinese cattle populations was 0.903±0.077, while the nucleotide diversity was 0.0071±0.0039. Kimura's two-parameter genetic distances between pairs of the studied 12 breeds ranged from 0.001 to 0.010. The phylogenetic analysis assigned the 10 Chinese breeds to two distinct lineages that likely differed in their percentage of Bos taurus and Bos indicus ancestry.
Simultaneous detection of C2H6, CH4, and δ13C-CH4 using optical feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region: towards application for dissolved gas measurements
Authors: Lechevallier Loic , Grilli Roberto , Kerstel Erik , Romanini Daniele , Chappellaz Jérôme
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Simultaneous measurement of C2H6 and CH4
concentrations, and of the δ13C-CH4 isotope ratio is
demonstrated using a cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy technique in
the mid-IR region. The spectrometer is compact and has been designed for
field operation. It relies on optical-feedback-assisted injection of
3.3 µm radiation from an interband cascade laser (ICL) into a V-shaped
high-finesse optical cavity. A minimum absorption coefficient of 2.8×10-9 cm−1 is obtained in a single scan (0.1 s) over 0.7 cm−1. Precisions of 3 ppbv, 11 ppbv, and 0.08 ‰ for
C2H6, CH4, and δ13C-CH4, respectively, are
achieved after 400 s of integration time. Laboratory calibrations and tests
of performance are reported here. They show the potential for the
spectrometer to be embedded in a sensor probe for in situ measurements in ocean
waters, which could have important applications for the understanding of the
source and fate of hydrocarbons from the seabed and in the water column.
Merits of novel high-resolution estimates and existing long-term estimates of humidity and incident radiation in a complex domain
Authors: Erlandsen Helene Birkelund , Tallaksen Lena Merete , Kristiansen Jørn
Published: June 2019

Abstract. To provide better and more robust estimates of evaporation and snowmelt in a changing climate, hydrological and ecological modeling practices are shifting towards solving the surface energy balance. In addition to precipitation and near-surface temperature (T2), which often are available at high resolution from national providers, high-quality estimates of 2 m humidity and surface incident shortwave (SW↓) and longwave (LW↓) radiation are also required. Novel, gridded estimates of humidity and incident radiation are constructed using a methodology similar to that used in the development of the WATCH forcing data; however, national 1 km×1 km gridded, observation-based T2 data are consulted in the downscaling rather than the 0.5∘×0.5∘ Climatic Research Unit (CRU) T2 data. The novel data set, HySN, covering 1979 to 2017, is archived in Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1970170). The HySN estimates, existing estimates from reanalysis data, post-processed reanalysis data, and Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) type forcing data are compared with observations from the Norwegian mainland from 1982 through 1999. Humidity measurements from 84 stations are used, and, by employing quality control routines and including agricultural stations, SW↓ observations from 10 stations are made available. Meanwhile, only two stations have observations of LW↓. Vertical gradients, differences when compared at common altitudes, daily correlations, sensitivities to air mass type, and, where possible, trends and geographical gradients in seasonal means are assessed. At individual stations, differences in seasonal means from the observations are as large as 7 ∘C for dew point temperature, 62 W m−2 for SW↓, and 24 W m−2 for LW↓. Most models overestimate SW↓ and underestimate LW↓. Horizontal resolution is not a predictor of the model's efficiency. Daily correlation is better captured in the products based on newer reanalysis data. Certain model estimates show different dependencies on geographical features, diverging trends, or a different sensitivity to air mass type than the observations.
Generating a rule-based global gridded tillage dataset
Authors: Porwollik Vera , Rolinski Susanne , Heinke Jens , Müller Christoph
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Tillage is a central element in agricultural soil management and has direct
and indirect effects on processes in the biosphere. Effects of agricultural
soil management can be assessed by soil, crop, and ecosystem models, but
global assessments are hampered by lack of information on the type of tillage
and their spatial distribution. This study describes the generation of a
classification of tillage practices and presents the spatially explicit
mapping of these crop-specific tillage systems for around the year 2005. Tillage practices differ by the kind of equipment used, soil surface and
depth affected, timing, and their purpose within the cropping systems. We
classified the broad variety of globally relevant tillage practices into six
categories: no-tillage in the context of Conservation Agriculture,
traditional annual, traditional rotational, rotational, reduced, and
conventional annual tillage. The identified tillage systems were allocated to
gridded crop-specific cropland areas with a resolution of 5 arcmin.
Allocation rules were based on literature findings and combine area
information on crop type, water management regime, field size, water erosion,
income, and aridity. We scaled reported national Conservation Agriculture
areas down to grid cells via a probability-based approach for 54 countries.
We provide area estimates of the six tillage systems aggregated to global and
country scale. We found that 8.67 Mkm2 of global cropland area was tilled
intensively at least once a year, whereas the remaining 2.65 Mkm2 was
tilled less intensely. Further, we identified 4.67 Mkm2 of cropland as an
area where Conservation Agriculture could be expanded to under current
conditions. The tillage classification enables the parameterization of different soil
management practices in various kinds of model simulations. The crop-specific
tillage dataset indicates the spatial distribution of soil management
practices, which is a prerequisite to assess erosion, carbon sequestration
potential, as well as water, and nutrient dynamics of cropland soils. The
dynamic definition of the allocation rules and accounting for national
statistics, such as the share of Conservation Agriculture per country, also
allow for derivation of datasets for historical and future global soil
management scenarios. The resulting tillage system dataset and source code
are accessible via an open-data repository (DOIs: https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.009
and https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.010, Porwollik et al., 2019a,
b).
Characterizing Uncertainty in the Hydraulic Parameters of Oil Sands Mine Reclamation Covers and its Influence on Water Balance Predictions
Authors: Alam Md. Shahabul , Barbour S. Lee , Huang Mingbin
Published: June 2019

Abstract. One technique to evaluate the performance of oil sands reclamation covers is through the simulation of long-term water balance using calibrated soil–vegetation–atmosphere–transfer models. Conventional practice has been to derive a single set of optimized hydraulic parameters through inverse modelling (IM) based on short-term (
Seasonal components of freshwater runoff in Glacier Bay, Alaska: diverse spatial patterns and temporal change
Authors: Crumley Ryan L. , Hill David F. , Beamer Jordan P. , Holzenthal Elizabeth R.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. A high spatial resolution (250 m), distributed snow evolution and
ablation model, SnowModel, is used to estimate current and future scenario
freshwater runoff into Glacier Bay, Alaska, a fjord estuary that makes up
part of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. The watersheds of Glacier
Bay contain significant glacier cover (tidewater and land-terminating) and
strong spatial gradients in topography, land cover, and precipitation. The
physical complexity and variability of the region produce a variety of
hydrological regimes, including rainfall-, snowmelt-, and ice-melt-dominated
responses. The purpose of this study is to characterize the recent
historical components of freshwater runoff to Glacier Bay and quantify the
potential hydrological changes that accompany the worst-case climate
scenario during the final decades of the 21st century. The historical
(1979–2015) mean annual runoff into Glacier Bay is found to be 24.5 km3 yr−1, or equivalent to a specific runoff of 3.1 m yr−1, with a
peak in July, due to the overall dominance of snowmelt processes that are
largely supplemented by ice melt. Future scenarios (2070–2099) of climate
and glacier cover are used to estimate changes in the hydrologic response of
Glacier Bay. Under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5, the
mean of five climate models produces a mean annual runoff of 27.5 km3 yr−1, 3.5 m yr−1, representing a 13 % increase from historical
conditions. When spatially aggregated over the entire bay region, the
projection scenario seasonal hydrograph is flatter, with weaker summer flows
and higher winter flows. The peak flows shift to late summer and early fall,
and rain runoff becomes the dominant overall process. The timing and
magnitudes of modeled historical runoff are supported by a freshwater
content analysis from a 24-year oceanographic conductivity–temperature–depth
(CTD) dataset from the U.S. National Park Service's Southeast Alaska
Inventory and Monitoring Network (SEAN). The hydrographs of individual
watersheds display a diversity of changes between the historical period and
projection scenario simulations, depending upon total glacier coverage,
elevation distribution, landscape characteristics, and seasonal changes to
the freezing line altitude.
The electrical conductivity of sheep's milk and the possibility of mastitis detection
Authors: Uhrinčať Michal , Tančin Vladimí­r , Tvarožková Kristí­na , Mačuhová Lucia , Vršková Martina , Ptáček Martin , Holko Ivan
Published: June 2019

Measurement of electrical conductivity (EC) is a method frequently used in dairy cows during milking in milking parlours, but especially in robotic milking as a low-cost mastitis detection method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and EC of milk in sheep reared in Slovakia as factors for monitoring subclinical mastitis on the basis of a bacteriological examination of udder health. Samples were collected individually from both halves of the udder from 295 sheep of different breeds from eight farms during evening milking. Based on SCC, the samples (590) were divided into classes (SCC < 2 × 105, 2 × 105 ≤ SCC < 4 × 105, 4 × 105 ≤ SCC < 6 × 105, and SCC ≥ 6 × 105 cells.mL-1), (SCC < 7 × 105 and SCC ≥ 7 × 105 cells.mL-1) and (SCC < 1 × 105 and SCC ≥ 1 × 105 cells.mL-1) respectively. Based on the presence of pathogens in the udder halve, they were classified as “major pathogens” (14), “minor pathogens” (161) and “without pathogens” (415). The presence of a pathogen had a significant effect on the increase in EC, SCC and protein content and decrease in content of lactose. We found a significant correlation between EV and SCC at first classification only in cases where all data was analysed jointly (r = 0.531), SCC ≥ 6 × 105 (r = 0.403) and SCC < 2 × 105 (r = 0.214). In the second and third classification, we found significant correlations in both cases, the SCC < 7 × 105 (r = 0.270) and the SCC ≥ 7 × 105 (r = 0.382) and SCC < 1 × 105 (r = 0.136) and the SCC ≥ 1 × 105 (r = 0.557). The electrical conductivity showed a stronger correlation with the lactose and protein content than LogSCC. We can argue that measuring the electrical conductivity of sheep milk may be a possible alternative for mastitis detection in sheep. EC can be useful in detecting animals with level of SSC greater than 6 × 105 cells.mL-1.
THE ORIGIN OF MARCHING MODULUS OF SILICA-FILLED TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS
Authors: Jin J. , Noordermeer J. W. M. , Dierkes W. K. , Blume A.
Published: June 2019

Silica-reinforced S-SBR/BR tire tread compounds often show characteristic vulcanization profiles that do not exhibit a distinct maximum in the cure curve nor a plateau profile within acceptable time scales (marching modulus). In such a situation, it is difficult to determine the optimum curing time, and as a consequence, the physical properties of the rubber compounds may vary. Previous studies stated that the curing behavior of silica-filled rubber compounds is related to the degree of filler dispersion, the silanization, and the filler–polymer coupling reaction, as well as to the donation of free sulfur from the silane coupling agent. Such results imply that these are the key factors for minimization of the marching modulus. Various silane coupling agents with different sulfur ranks and functionalities were mixed at varied silanization temperatures. The correlation between these factors and their effect on the marching modulus intensity (MMI) were investigated. The MMI was monitored by measuring the vulcanization rheograms using a rubber process analyzer at small (approximately 7%) and large (approximately 42%) strains to discriminate the effects of filler–filler and filler–polymer interactions on the marching modulus of the silica-filled rubber compounds. Both factors have an intricate influence on the marching modulus, determined by the degree of filler–filler interaction and the coupling agent.
The Impact of Managerial Entrenchment Indicators on Cash Holding Adjustments: Stock Exchange Firms
Authors: Oskouei Zahra Hashemi , Aminifard Zeynab
Published: June 2019

This paper investigates the relationship between the managerial entrenchment and cash holding adjustments for a sample of 140 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during 2011 to 2016. To measure the managerial entrenchment, four indicators of manager's duality, management reward, dividends, and over-investment risk were employed. A multiple linear regression model was used in order to test the hypotheses of the research. The results indicate that when management rewards were used to measure the managerial entrenchment, there is a significant positive relationship between the management rewards and cash holding adjustments. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between the over- investment risk and cash holding adjustments. Cash holding speed was found to have a significant positive effect on the relationship between dividend (managerial entrenchment) and cash holding adjustments. These results suggest a significant positive relationship between the managerial entrenchment and cash holding adjustments.
Corruption, Institutional Quality and Economic Growth in West African Countries (1995-2017)
Authors: Emmanuel Osabiyi, Kolawole , Oladipo Aiyegbusi Oluwole. , Philip OLOFIN, Olabode
Published: June 2019

This study examines the relationship among corruption, institutional quality and economic growth; and analyses the interaction effects of corruption and institutional qualities such as political stability and absence of violence (pv), government effectiveness (ge), regulatory quality (rq), control of corruption (cc), voice and accountability (va), and rule of law (rl) on economic growth (gdp) in West African Countries. Time series data covering the period between 1995 and 2017 were employed with Panel VAR method. Our results showed that corruption (cp) and economic growth are negatively related at lag one, and positively related at lag two, but the results were statistically insignificant. All institutional quality indicators, except ge are negatively related to economic growth at lag one, but at lag 2, positively related except rq, cc, and pv. These results were also statistically insignificant, except that of pv which is statistically significant.Our results also showed that interaction of control of corruption with corruption (cccp); regulatory quality with corruption (rqcp); and political stability and absence of violence with corruption (pvcp) negatively affect economic growth in West Africa both at lag one and two and were statistically insignificant. These results are expected in countries that are poorly rated both in terms of corruption and institutional quality. The study suggests reasonable policy interventions aimed at reducing the incidence of corruption as well as improving institutional quality in West Africa Countries.
Mortalidad de personas con insuficiencia renal crónica, en el Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social 2000-2016
Authors: Franco Escobar Víctor David
Published: June 2019

Objetivo. Describir la evolución clínica de personas con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) del Instituto salvadoreño del seguro social (ISSS). Tipo de investigación. Transversal multivariado de fuentes secundarias, muestra: 375 personas (Conf.95, alfa 5%), recolección y procesamiento: EXCEL y STATA 14.0. Resultados. Hombres: 65.3%, edad: 57 +/- 17, 68.5% mayores de 50 años, 23.7% adolecían de hipertensión arterial (HTA) 16% diabetes mellitus (DM) y 8.8% cardiopatías crónicas, la proporción de muerte fue de 21.8%, causas directas de muerte: Insuficiencia Renal Crónica (IRC):63.6%, infecciones: 14%, eventos cardiovasculares: 10.9%, años de vida potencial perdidos (AVPP) generados: 877 (60.5% por hombres). El 50.1% presentaba IRC desde primer egreso, supervivencia: 1 año: 93% y 71% a 10 años, comorbidos: HTA (Log Rank/p): 12.3/0.0005, DM: 4.9/0.027 (juntos: 16.6/0.0008), Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC): 6.45/0.011, edad > 50 años: 5.45/0.019 y más de 2 comorbilidades:14.26/0.0065. Riesgo de muerte se incrementó por EPOC (HR/IC95%/p): 3.92/1.23-12.6/0.055, HTA: 2.16/1.38-3.38/0.0012, DM: 1.79/1.05-3.07/0.0043 y edad > 50 años: 1.83/1.1-3.09/0.016. Conclusiones. IRC afectó más a hombres mayores de 50 años, también generaron la mayoría de AVPP, etiología principal HTA, DM y cardiopatías crónicas, principal causa directa de muerte, la mitad de personas ya presentaban IRC desde su primer egreso, un 71% sobrevivió 10 años, la mortalidad de IRC con HTA, DM, EPOC y edad > 50 años es mayor que al no presentarlos e incrementan el riesgo de morir.

Alerta Año 2018, Vol. 1 No. 2: 37-44

Palabras clave. Insuficiencia Renal Crónica, supervivencia, diálisis, Epidemiología, comorbilidades.
Contaminación microbiológica de la carne de pollo en 43 supermercados de El Salvador
Authors: López Alejandro , Burgos Tatiana , Diáz Moisés , Mejía Roberto , Quinteros Edgar
Published: June 2019

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud considera las Enfermedades Trasmitidas por Alimentos (ETA) un serio problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, especialmente en países en desarrollo. Se estima que 600 millones de personas se enferman cada año por ingerir alimentos contaminados y las muertes ascienden a 420 000. En El Salvador, el sistema de salud registró entre el 2012 – 2015, 1 397 intoxicaciones por alimentos, 2 381 casos de posible fiebre tifoidea y 1 064,606 de casos de diarreas y gastroenteritis.  El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la presencia de Salmonella spp, E. coli y S. aureus en la carne fresca de pollo que se comercializa en supermercados. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se colectaron muestras de carne de pollo en los supermercados autorizados de los municipios de San Salvador y Mejicanos. Se tomaron un total de 302 muestras de carne de pollo en un total de 43 establecimientos, con un error estadístico estimado de +/-5.9%. El levantamiento de datos y toma de muestra se realizó entre mayo a noviembre del año 2015. Resultados: La presencia total de Salmonella spp fue del 56%, E. coli del 14% y de S. aureus del 13% en la carne fresca de pollo. Conclusiones: Existe una importante contaminación microbiológica de la carne de pollo, que evidencia posibles fallas en la cadena de manipulación del alimento desde la producción, traslado, hasta la comercialización. La presencia de los tres microorganismos representa riesgo para la salud de los consumidores y evidencia la necesidad de mejorar las buenas prácticas de manipulación de los alimentos en todas las etapas.

Alerta Año 2018, Vol. 1 No. 2: 45-53

Palabras Claves: Salmonella spp, E. coli, S. aureus, Carne de pollo, Supermercados.
Aplicación de lineamientos para diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar
Authors: Fuentes Teresa
Published: June 2019

Objetivo. Identificar el conocimiento y aplicación de los lineamientos técnicos en el uso de los métodos de apoyo diagnóstico para la detección de tuberculosis pulmonar, por parte del personal médico y de enfermería de las unidades comunitarias de salud familiar en el departamento de Morazán entre el 2016 y 2017. Metodología. Este estudio es transversal descriptivo y consiste en una entrevista realizada a 57 médicos y 20 enfermeras. Además, se recolectó información de 24 expedientes clínicos de pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar. Resultados: El personal de salud entrevistado, en su mayoría, tiene conocimiento de todos los métodos de apoyo para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar, sin embargo, el 32% desconoce la existencia de pruebas diagnósticas eficaces como el Gene Xpert y el cultivo. El 100% hace uso de la baciloscopia, el 7% del cultivo y el 10% del Gene Xpert, habiendo más de un 40% que desconoce los criterios de indicación.  El 76% no conoce los tiempos de entrega de los resultados de las pruebas para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis. El 64% de los expedientes pertenecen a pacientes que fueron diagnosticados con la baciloscopia, el 16% con Gene Xpert y el 12% con cultivo. Conclusiones. La mitad del personal médico y de enfermería, entrevistado desconoce los criterios de indicación de métodos de mayor especificidad y sensibilidad que la baciloscopia. Los lineamientos técnicos y los métodos de apoyo para la detección de tuberculosis pulmonar no son puestos en práctica por el personal. No se hace uso de todos los métodos de apoyo diagnóstico en la detección de tuberculosis pulmonar, haciendo uso de la baciloscopia como único método para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar.

Alerta Año 2018, Vol. 1 No. 2: 16-24 

Palabras clave: Tuberculosis pulmonar, baciloscopia, Gene Xpert, cultivo.
Comportamiento productivo y características de la canal de conejos alimentados con harina de Moringa oleifera
Authors: Vivas Torres Jerry , Reyes-Sánchez Nadir , Sáenz Alcides , Benavides Álvaro
Published: June 2019

Se utilizaron 36 conejos California y Nueva Zelanda Blanco con peso promedio de 554 g y 37 días de edad, en un diseño completamente aleatorizado con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de Harina de Hojas Moringa oleífera (HHMO) en la alimentación de conejos, sobre el comportamiento productivo, características de la canal y morfometría del tracto gastrointestinal. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron T1: concentrado comercial, T2: concentrado con 16 % de inclusión de HHMO y T3: concentrado con 19.64 % de inclusión de HHMO. Se encontró que las mejores (p<0,05) GMD e ICA se obtienen con T1 (19.22 g/animal/día y 5.69) y T3 (20.49 g/animal/día y 5.57), los que difieren estadísticamente (p< 0.05) del T2 (15.61 g/animal/día y 7.13). No se encontró efecto significativo los tratamientos sobre el consumo de alimento. Con relación al peso vivo al sacrificio, peso canal caliente, rendimiento en canal, el peso del cuarto anterior, peso del lomo y peso del tórax de los conejos alimentados con CC fueron similares (p>0.05) al de los conejos alimentados con CC con 19.64% de HHMO, pero significativamente mayores (p<0.05) que el de los conejos alimentados con CC con 16% de HHMO. El peso del cuarto posterior, el peso del muslo y el ancho del lomo fueron significativamente mayores (p<0.05) en los conejos alimentados con CC con 19.64% de HHMO. En la morfometría del TGI, no se encontró diferencias estadísticas entre los tratamientos. En conclusión, la inclusión del 19.64 % de HHMO en el concentrado para conejos, no afecta el comportamiento productivo, ni las características de la canal, ni la morfometría del tracto gastrointestinal, siendo una alternativa viable para su utilización en granjas de pequeños productores.
Governance and Efficiency of Zakah Distributions Based on the Dire Necessities of Maqasid Al-Syariah
Authors: Zakaria Maheran , Yusoff Muhammad Saiful Anuar , Sanusi Zuraidah
Published: June 2019

The study examines the governance and efficiency of zakah distributions based on the fulfilment of five dire necessities (daruriyyat) of Maqasid al-Syariah. There were about 500 questionnaires distributed to zakah beneficiarys of Asnaf Business Assistance program governed by one of Malaysian State Religious Council. 456 respondents responded, contributing to 89 per cent rate of response. Structural Equation Modelling with the use of Partial Least Square was used to analyse the data. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the more likely the five elements of dire necessities namely faith, physical self, knowledge, family, and wealth being fulfilled, the more likely is the efficiency of zakah distributions. The study provides useful insights to zakah institutions to formulate strategies in relation to 5 elements of dire necessities to ensure competent distribution of the fund to recipients. The results would also provide comprehensive insights to other empirical studies in this area which will not only be applicable to Muslim countries but to non-muslim countries as well.
Wasatiyyah-Consumerism Ethics in Al-Qur’an
Authors: Hanapi Mohd Shukri , Mastura Siti , Doktoralina Caturida Meiwanto
Published: June 2019

Wasatiyyah consumerism is a consumerism model that is balanced, prudent and follows the needs of the wasatiyyah concept. God or Allah SWT has bestowed natural instincts to humans which consist of wants and needs; however, these wants and needs are fulfilled in inappropriate ways. This leads to numerous socio-economic problems, such as wastage, bankruptcy and a culture of indebtedness. Hence, in order to nurture individuals and a society that possesses high moral values and discipline based on Islamic values, wasatiyyah-consumerism ethics are a basic requirement for overcoming issues pertaining to ghuluw-consumerism (consuming beyond bounds). This working paper aims to identify and analyse wasatiyyah-consumerism ethics found in al-Qur'an. Which verses are relevant to wasatiyyah-consumerism ethics? What do these verses state? What are the fundamentals found in wasatiyyah-consumerism ethics? In order to answer these questions, this working paper only used secondary data, which were analysed using the content analysis method. The findings showed that wasatiyyah-consumerism ethics in al-Qur'an contain three fundamental elements: moderation, fairness and benevolence.
An Empirical Study in Human Resource Management to Optimize Malaysian School Counselling Department
Authors: Zandi Gholamreza , Sivalingam Ananda Devan , Mansori Shaheen
Published: June 2019

This conceptual paper is to study the departmental improvement that needs to be implemented at Malaysian Schools Counselling Center by integrating Human Resources Management Practices. The study reviews literature on the Historical Background of Malaysian School Counselling Center and human resource management practices. The paper goes on to analyse factors and perceptions that is needed for revamping a systematic Counselling and Career Development Center in schools. Furthermore, its operational needs relevant human resource management approach which will contribute towards building the future human capital via the school systems. As human capital is the backbone of any country, it has become essential for any nation to produce the right human capital to ensure the workforce of the country is able to develop well balance country from political, economic and socially. However, there is rising challenges for the education sector to produce and feed the talents and various initiatives have been addressed in the Malaysian Education Blueprint 2013- 2025(MEB) by the Ministry of Education Malaysia. Hence, pilot study will be carried out at two governments secondary school in Malaysia located in an urban and a sub urban platform and to contribute at end of the research towards improvement in schools counselling center by using Human Resource Management approach. It is also aim that can support future studies can be carried out based on the practical implementation.
Propagating Transparency and Accountability Through Integrated Reporting: An Empirical Insight From a Developing Country
Authors: Darus Faizah , Safihie Shafawati Farhana Mohd , Yusoff Haslinda
Published: June 2019

Increasing pressure from stakeholders that demands for a holistic corporate report both in terms of financial and non-financial information, has resulted in a move towards a more integrated approach in corporate reporting. The aim of this study is to examine the presence of the elements of integrated reporting and the drivers for the adoption of such reports. The influence of internal and external pressure from the perspective of agency and stakeholder theories forms the focus of this study. Content analyses of the annual reports of the top 100 companies in Malaysia for the year 2014 are examined. The results show positive relationships for the independent variables mission and vision, and risk and opportunities with the presence of the elements of integrated reporting in the annual reports. The positive relationships reveal that companies that align key strategies with the mission and vision statement and take measures to address risk and opportunities of the organization, will be more proactive in implementing integrated reporting. The findings provide empirical evidence on the progress of integrated reporting in a developing country where research to examine the effects of specific determinants on the likelihood of companies in a developing country providing integrated reports is almost non-existent.