bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Introduction to Interdisciplinary Research
Authors: Menken Steph , Keestra Machiel , Rutting Lucas , Post Ger , Keestra Machiel , Roo Mieke , Blad Sylvia , Greef Linda
Published: July 2016

One of the major areas of emphasis in academia in recent years has been interdisciplinary research, a trend that promises new insights and innovations rooted in cross-disciplinary collaboration. This book is designed to help students understand the tools required for stepping beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries and applying knowledge and insights from multiple fields. Relentlessly focused on practical applications, the book will enable students to plan and execute their own interdisciplinary research projects.
One with the underdogs? Over subculturele stijl en individuele expressie in de hardcore punk
Authors: Bevers Marc , van Bohemen Samira
Published: July 2016

While punk was officially declared ‘dead’ by mainstream media in 1979, it revived with the emergence of the harder and more militant hardcore scene. Initially hardcore punk came about as a reaction to the domestication and commercialisation of punk, which had supposedly lost its ideological edge. This article studies the contemporary Dutch hardcore scene in light of sociological theories about subcultures and their presumed stylistic resistance against hegemonic class structures. It is shown how specific stylistic practices that hardcore punks engage in, like moshing, stage-diving and wearing band shirts, merge individual with collective expression. Not all hardcore punks are in the scene for the same reasons. Some subcultural consumers are in it for ‘the fun’ and do not relate much to a collective (class) ideology, while they do embrace the collective style. Their engagement with hardcore punk is contrasted by the commitment of ultimate insiders who feel a strong connection to the collective ideology, while they reject the collective style as it is worn by non-ideologists. In between these two positions we also find the tolerant insiders who are also very committed to hardcore, but do not consider it to be ‘a way of life’.
Cultuur, sociologie en de verbeelding van bevolkingsgroepen
Authors: van Reekum Rogier
Published: July 2016

Heeft het zin om cultuur aan de hand van ‘bevolkingsgroepen’ te analyseren en welke rol speelt het sociologisch onderzoek naar ‘bevolkingsgroepen’ hierin? Van Lienden besloot het relletje door te beweren dat alle methodologische keuzes politiek zijn. Het eerste zinnige dat hij te melden had. Helaas bedoelde Van Lienden daarmee dat hem een methodologische voorkeur niet kwalijk genomen kon worden. Zoals ik zal betogen is dat precies het omgekeerde van wat deze opmerking inhoudt.
Eén buurttuin, twee gemeenschappen: een case study
Authors: Veen Esther , Derkzen Petra , Bock Bettina , Visser Andries , Wiskerke Han
Published: July 2016

Community gardens are associated with a variety of societal benefits. They are considered to create social cohesion and contribute to community building. In this paper we show that the communities that are being created or strengthened on such gardens are not singular, but complex and multiple. In our analysis we build on the work of Blokland (2003). We present a specific community garden in the Netherlands, which is being used by three different groups of people. The garden fulfils the function of a meeting space for two of those groups, that way strengthening internal cohesion. However, both groups assign people to categories (‘us’ and ‘them’) on the basis of place of residence, thus strengthening their social identities. Ownership over the garden is both an outcome and a tool in that struggle. This analysis gives insights into the different processes at play – of exclusion and separation on the one hand and of inclusion and rapprochement on the other – when a garden is used by more than one group. We conclude that shared presence does not necessarily lead to bridging social distances.
The incorporation of an organic soil layer in the Noah-MP land surface model
and its evaluation over a boreal aspen forest
Authors: Chen Liang , Li Yanping , Chen Fei , Barr Alan , Barlage Michael , Wan Bingcheng
Published: July 2016

Abstract. A thick top layer of organic matter is a dominant feature in boreal forests and can impact land–atmosphere interactions. In this study, the multi-parameterization version of the Noah land surface model (Noah-MP) was used to investigate the impact of incorporating a forest-floor organic soil layer on the simulated surface energy and water cycle components at the BERMS Old Aspen site (OAS) field station in central Saskatchewan, Canada. Compared to a simulation without an organic soil parameterization (CTL), the Noah-MP simulation with an organic soil (OGN) improved Noah-MP-simulated soil temperature profiles and soil moisture at 40–100 cm, especially the phase and amplitude (Seasonal cycle) of soil temperature below 10 cm. OGN also enhanced the simulation of sensible and latent heat fluxes in spring, especially in wet years, which is mostly related to the timing of spring soil thaw and warming. Simulated top-layer soil moisture is better in OGN than that in CTL. The effects of including an organic soil layer on soil temperature are not uniform throughout the soil depth and are more prominent in summer. For drought years, the OGN simulation substantially modified the partitioning of water between direct soil evaporation and vegetation transpiration. For wet years, the OGN-simulated latent heat fluxes are similar to CTL except for the spring season when OGN produced less evaporation, which was closer to observations. Including organic soil produced more subsurface runoff and resulted in much higher runoff throughout the freezing periods in wet years.
Observations of PAN and its confinement in the Asian summer monsoon
anticyclone in high spatial resolution
Authors: Ungermann Jörn , Ern Mandfred , Kaufmann Martin , Müller Rolf , Spang Reinhold , Ploeger Felix , Vogel Bärbel , Riese Martin
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This paper presents an analysis of trace gases in the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) region on the basis of observations by the CRISTA infrared limb sounder taken in low-earth orbit in August 1997. The spatially highly resolved measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and O3 allow a detailed analysis of an eddy-shedding event of the ASM anticyclone. We identify enhanced PAN volume mixing ratios (VMRs) within the main anticyclone and within the eddy, which are suitable as a tracer for polluted air originating in India and China. Plotting the retrieved PAN VMRs against potential vorticity (PV) and potential temperature reveals that the PV value at which the PAN VMRs exhibit the strongest decrease with respect to PV increases with potential temperature. These PV values might be used to identify the extent of the ASM. Using temperature values also derived from CRISTA measurements, we also computed the location of the thermal tropopause according to the WMO criterion and find that it confines the PAN anomaly vertically within the main ASM anticyclone. In contrast, the shed eddy exhibits enhanced PAN VMRs for 1 to 2 km above the thermal tropopause. Using the relationship between PAN as a tropospheric tracer and O3 as a stratospheric tracer to identify mixed air parcels, we further found the anticyclone to contain few such air parcels, whereas the region between the anticyclone and the eddy as well as the eddy itself contains many mixed air parcels. In combination, this implies that while the anticyclone confines polluted air masses well, eddy shedding provides a very rapid horizontal transport pathway of Asian pollution into the extratropical lowermost stratosphere with a timescale of only a few days.
A study of the influence of forest gaps on fire–atmosphere interactions
Authors: Kiefer Michael T. , Heilman Warren E. , Zhong Shiyuan , Charney Joseph J. , Bian Xindi
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Much uncertainty exists regarding the possible role that gaps in forest canopies play in modulating fire–atmosphere interactions in otherwise horizontally homogeneous forests. This study examines the influence of gaps in forest canopies on atmospheric perturbations induced by a low-intensity fire using the ARPS-CANOPY model, a version of the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model with a canopy parameterization. A series of numerical experiments are conducted with a stationary low-intensity fire, represented in the model as a line of enhanced surface sensible heat flux. Experiments are conducted with and without forest gaps, and with gaps in different positions relative to the fire line. For each of the four cases considered, an additional simulation is performed without the fire to facilitate comparison of the fire-perturbed atmosphere and the background state. Analyses of both mean and instantaneous wind velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, air temperature, and turbulent mixing of heat are presented in order to examine the fire-perturbed atmosphere on multiple timescales. Results of the analyses indicate that the impact of the fire on the atmosphere is greatest in the case with the gap centered on the fire and weakest in the case with the gap upstream of the fire. It is shown that gaps in forest canopies have the potential to play a role in the vertical as well as horizontal transport of heat away from the fire. Results also suggest that, in order to understand how the fire will alter wind and turbulence in a heterogeneous forest, one needs to first understand how the forest heterogeneity itself influences the wind and turbulence fields without the fire.
PyXRD v0.6.7: a free and open-source program to quantify disordered phyllosilicates using multi-specimen X-ray diffraction profile fitting
Authors: Dumon M. , Van Ranst E.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This paper presents a free and open-source program called PyXRD (short for Python X-ray diffraction) to improve the quantification of complex, poly-phasic mixed-layer phyllosilicate assemblages. The validity of the program was checked by comparing its output with Sybilla v2.2.2, which shares the same mathematical formalism. The novelty of this program is the ab initio incorporation of the multi-specimen method, making it possible to share phases and (a selection of) their parameters across multiple specimens. PyXRD thus allows for modelling multiple specimens side by side, and this approach speeds up the manual refinement process significantly. To check the hypothesis that this multi-specimen set-up – as it effectively reduces the number of parameters and increases the number of observations – can also improve automatic parameter refinements, we calculated X-ray diffraction patterns for four theoretical mineral assemblages. These patterns were then used as input for one refinement employing the multi-specimen set-up and one employing the single-pattern set-ups. For all of the assemblages, PyXRD was able to reproduce or approximate the input parameters with the multi-specimen approach. Diverging solutions only occurred in single-pattern set-ups, which do not contain enough information to discern all minerals present (e.g. patterns of heated samples). Assuming a correct qualitative interpretation was made and a single pattern exists in which all phases are sufficiently discernible, the obtained results indicate a good quantification can often be obtained with just that pattern. However, these results from theoretical experiments cannot automatically be extrapolated to all real-life experiments. In any case, PyXRD has proven to be useful when X-ray diffraction patterns are modelled for complex mineral assemblages containing mixed-layer phyllosilicates with a multi-specimen approach.
Estimating drought risk across Europe from reported drought impacts, drought indices, and vulnerability factors
Authors: Blauhut Veit , Stahl Kerstin , Stagge James Howard , Tallaksen Lena M. , De Stefano Lucia , Vogt Jürgen
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Drought is one of the most costly natural hazards in Europe. Due to its complexity, drought risk, meant as the combination of the natural hazard and societal vulnerability, is difficult to define and challenging to detect and predict, as the impacts of drought are very diverse, covering the breadth of socioeconomic and environmental systems. Pan-European maps of drought risk could inform the elaboration of guidelines and policies to address its documented severity and impact across borders. This work tests the capability of commonly applied drought indices and vulnerability factors to predict annual drought impact occurrence for different sectors and macro regions in Europe and combines information on past drought impacts, drought indices, and vulnerability factors into estimates of drought risk at the pan-European scale. This hybrid approach bridges the gap between traditional vulnerability assessment and probabilistic impact prediction in a statistical modelling framework. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to predict the likelihood of impact occurrence on an annual basis for particular impact categories and European macro regions. The results indicate sector- and macro-region-specific sensitivities of drought indices, with the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for a 12-month accumulation period as the overall best hazard predictor. Vulnerability factors have only limited ability to predict drought impacts as single predictors, with information about land use and water resources being the best vulnerability-based predictors. The application of the hybrid approach revealed strong regional and sector-specific differences in drought risk across Europe. The majority of the best predictor combinations rely on a combination of SPEI for shorter and longer accumulation periods, and a combination of information on land use and water resources. The added value of integrating regional vulnerability information with drought risk prediction could be proven. Thus, the study contributes to the overall understanding of drivers of drought impacts, appropriateness of drought indices selection for specific applications, and drought risk assessment.
Technical note: Inference in hydrology from entropy balance considerations
Authors: Kollet Stefan J.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. In this study, the method of inference of macroscale thermodynamic potentials, forces, and exchange coefficients for variably saturated groundwater flow is outlined based on the entropy balance. The theoretical basis of the method of inference is the explicit calculation of the internal entropy production from microscale, thermodynamic flux–force relationships using, e.g., hyper-resolution variably saturated groundwater flow models. Emphasis is placed on the two-scale nature of the entropy balance equation that allows simultaneously incorporating movement equations at the micro- and macroscale. The method is illustrated with simple hydrologic cross sections at steady state and periodic sources/sinks at dynamic equilibrium, and provides a thermodynamic point of view of upscaling in variably saturated groundwater flow. The current limitations in the connection with observable variables and predictive capabilities are discussed, and some perspectives for future research are provided.
Accelerated gravity testing of aquitard core permeability and implications at formation and regional scale
Authors: Timms W. A. , Crane R. , Anderson D. J. , Bouzalakos S. , Whelan M. , McGeeney D. , Rahman P. F. , Acworth R. I.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Evaluating the possibility of leakage through low-permeability geological strata is critically important for sustainable water supplies, the extraction of fuels from coal and other strata, and the confinement of waste within the earth. The current work demonstrates that relatively rapid and realistic vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) measurements of aquitard cores using accelerated gravity can constrain and compliment larger-scale assessments of hydraulic connectivity. Steady-state fluid velocity through a low-K porous sample is linearly related to accelerated gravity (g level) in a centrifuge permeameter (CP) unless consolidation or geochemical reactions occur. A CP module was custom designed to fit a standard 2 m diameter geotechnical centrifuge (550 g maximum) with a capacity for sample dimensions up to 100 mm diameter and 200 mm length, and a total stress of  ∼  2 MPa at the base of the core. Formation fluids were used as influent to limit any shrink–swell phenomena, which may alter the permeability. Kv results from CP testing of minimally disturbed cores from three sites within a clayey-silt formation varied from 10−10 to 10−7  m s−1 (number of samples, n = 18). Additional tests were focussed on the Cattle Lane (CL) site, where Kv within the 99 % confidence interval (n = 9) was 1.1 × 10−9 to 2.0 × 10−9 m s−1. These Kv results were very similar to an independent in situ Kv method based on pore pressure propagation though the sequence. However, there was less certainty at two other core sites due to limited and variable Kv data. Blind standard 1 g column tests underestimated Kv compared to CP and in situ Kv data, possibly due to deionised water interactions with clay, and were more time-consuming than CP tests. Our Kv results were compared with the set-up of a flow model for the region, and considered in the context of heterogeneity and preferential flow paths at site and formation scale. Reasonable assessments of leakage and solute transport through aquitards over multi-decadal timescales can be achieved by accelerated core testing together with complimentary hydrogeological monitoring, analysis, and modelling.
Discussing the role of tropical and subtropical moisture sources in cold season extreme precipitation events in the Mediterranean region from a climate change perspective
Authors: Krichak S. O. , Feldstein S. B. , Alpert P. , Gualdi S. , Scoccimarro E. , Yano J.-I.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This paper presents a review of a large number of research studies performed during the last few decades that focused on the investigation of cold season extreme precipitation events (EPEs) in the Mediterranean region (MR). The publications demonstrate the important role of anomalously intense transports of moist air from the tropical and subtropical Atlantic in the occurrence of EPEs in the MR. EPEs in the MR are directly or indirectly connected to narrow bands with a high concentration of moisture in the lower troposphere, i.e., atmospheric rivers, along which a large amount of moisture is transported from the tropics to midlatitudes. Whereas in a significant fraction of the EPEs in the western MR moisture is transported to the MR from the tropical Atlantic, EPEs in the central, and especially the eastern, MR are more often associated with intense tropical moisture transports over North Africa and the Red Sea. The moist air for the EPEs in the latter part of the MR also mainly originates from the tropical Atlantic and Indian oceans, and in many cases it serves as a temporary moisture reservoir for future development. The paper is supplemented by the results of a test for a possible connection between declining Arctic sea ice and the climatology of intense precipitation in the eastern MR. Based on the results of the evaluation supporting those from the earlier climate change analyses and modeling studies, it is concluded that a further anthropogenic global warming may lead a greater risk of higher rainfall totals and therefore larger winter floods in western and central parts of the MR as a consequence of stronger and more numerous Atlantic atmospheric rivers, possibly accompanied by a decline in the number of EPEs in the eastern part of the MR.
Comparison of box counting and correlation dimension methods in well logging data analysis associate with the texture of volcanic rocks
Authors: Mou D. , Wang Z. W.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. We have developed a fractal analysis method to estimate the dimension of well logging curves in Liaohe oil field, China. The box counting and correlation dimension are methods that can be applied to predict the texture of volcanic rocks with calculation the fractal dimension of well logging curves. The well logging curves are composed of gamma ray (GR), compensated neutron logs (CNL), acoustic (AC), density (DEN), Resistivity lateral log deep (RLLD), every curve contains a total of 6000 logging data. The dimension of well logging curves are calculated using box counting and correlation algorithms respectively. It is shown that two types of dimension of CNL, DEN and AC have the same average value. The box counting dimension of volcanic lava is lower than the pyroclastic rock obviously. The majority of correlation dimension of volcanic lava is lower than the pyroclastic rock, but a small amount of correlation dimension of volcanic lava is equal to the pyroclastic rock. It is demonstrated that the box counting dimension is more suitable for predicting the texture of volcanic rocks. Applications to logging data, A well show the relationship between the fractal dimension and the texture of volcanic rock in certain depth.
Gone or just out of sight? The apparent disappearance of aromatic litter components in soils
Authors: Klotzbücher Thimo , Kalbitz Karsten , Cerli Chiara , Hernes Peter J. , Kaiser Klaus
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Uncertainties concerning stabilization of organic compounds in soil limit our basic understanding on soil organic matter (SOM) formation and our ability to model and manage effects of global change on SOM stocks. One controversially debated aspect is the contribution of aromatic litter components, such as lignin and tannins, to stable SOM forms. In the present opinion paper, we summarize and discuss the inconsistencies and propose research options to clear them. Lignin degradation takes place stepwise, starting with (i) depolymerization and followed by (ii) transformation of the water-soluble depolymerization products. The long-term fate of the depolymerization products and other soluble aromatics, e.g., tannins, in the mineral soils is still a mystery. Research on dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition and fluxes indicates dissolved aromatics are important precursors of stable SOM attached to mineral surfaces and persist in soils for centuries to millennia. Evidence comes from flux analyses in soil profiles, biodegradation assays, and sorption experiments. In contrast, studies on composition of mineral-associated SOM indicate the prevalence of non-aromatic microbial-derived compounds. Other studies suggest the turnover of lignin in soil can be faster than the turnover of bulk SOM. Mechanisms that can explain the apparent fast disappearance of lignin in mineral soils are, however, not yet identified. The contradictions might be explained by analytical problems. Commonly used methods probably detect only a fraction of the aromatics stored in the mineral soil. Careful data interpretation, critical assessment of analytical limitations, and combined studies on DOM and solid-phase SOM could thus be ways to unveil the issues.
Detailed analysis of the blade root flow of a horizontal axis wind turbine
Authors: Herráez Iván , Akay Buşra , van Bussel Gerard J. W. , Peinke Joachim , Stoevesandt Bernhard
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The root flow of wind turbine blades is subjected to complex physical mechanisms that influence significantly the rotor aerodynamic performance. Spanwise flows, the Himmelskamp effect, and the formation of the root vortex are examples of interrelated aerodynamic phenomena that take place in the blade root region. In this study we address those phenomena by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations. The numerical results obtained in this study are in very good agreement with the experiments and unveil the details of the intricate root flow. The Himmelskamp effect is shown to delay the stall onset and to enhance the lift force coefficient Cl even at moderate angles of attack. This improvement in the aerodynamic performance occurs in spite of the negative influence of the mentioned effect on the suction peak of the involved blade sections. The results also show that the vortex emanating from the spanwise position of maximum chord length rotates in the opposite direction to the root vortex, which affects the wake evolution. Furthermore, the aerodynamic losses in the root region are demonstrated to take place much more gradually than at the tip.
User-generated content on Facebook: Implications from the perspective of two organisations
Authors: Kurian Jayan
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the implications (user benefits and costs) of user-generated content posted by users on Facebook from an organisational perspective. Though motivations to use social networking sites are widely researched and published, studies on implications eventuating from different types of content posted by users on social networking sites is sparse. Hence, this study addresses the gap in literature by an interpretive analysis of user-generated content posted by users on the Facebook of two organisations. The content posted by users is classified using an information classification framework for social networking sites. Implications eventuating from the classified user-generated content to individuals and organisations are established using thematic analysis. The results of analysis demonstrate that the major types of user-generated content posted in the social information category are requests, criticism, greetings, status updates, and announcements. The theoretical implications in terms of user benefits are information seeking, relationship building, coordination and collaboration, identity construction and knowledge dissemination whereas social conflict is a major cost to users. The practical implications are understood in terms of technical assistance, supporting projects that extend open access repository initiatives, collaboration and building capacity among repository users, user community development, marketing and communication as well as accomplishing the core principles of the National Strategy for Disaster Resilience. This study also leads to considerable gains for users and designers of social networking sites by identifying the different types of user-generated content so that social networking sites can be used as a beneficial tool maximizing its implications.
Close reading big data: The Echo Nest and the production of (rotten) music metadata
Authors: Eriksson Maria
Published: July 2016

Digital music distribution is increasingly powered by automated mechanisms that continuously capture, sort and analyze large amounts of Web-based data. This paper traces the historical development of music metadata management and its ties to the growing of the field of ‘big data’ knowledge production. In particular, it explores the data catching mechanisms enabled by the Spotify-owned company The Echo Nest, and provides a close reading of parts of the company’s collection and analysis of data regarding musicians. Doing so, it reveals evidence of the ways in which trivial, random, and unintentional data enters into the data steams that power today’s digital music distribution. The presence of such curious data needs to be understood as a central part of contemporary algorithmic knowledge production, and calls for a need to re-conceptualize both (digital) musical artifacts and (digital) musical expertize.
Rethinking civic computing in China
Authors: Kou Yubo , Nardi Bonnie
Published: July 2016

Civic computing research is concerned with the relationship of digital technologies to civic participation. We discuss Foucault’s work on the care of the self which considers how a person seeks a certain mode of being such as happiness, perfection, or wisdom. We describe our qualitative study of Chinese mainland citizens who used technologies to understand and participate in political events, in particular the Hong Kong Umbrella Movement. We examine how care of the self offers an alternative, critical perspective for rethinking civic participation and civic computing.
Female Readers and the Sources of the Mirror to Devout People
Authors: Patterson Paul J.
Published: July 2016

In the early fifteenth century there was increased interest in devotional writing by the laity in England. Educated women of the aristocratic classes were often interested in the commissioning of religious texts and had connections to religious houses and their books. This article focuses on two families, the Chaworths and the Scropes, who were known for their book collections. It also focuses on a book they owned, the Mirror to Devout People, a Middle English life of Christ. John Scrope, Fourth Baron of Masham, and his wife, Elizabeth, used their connections to Syon Abbey, the Birgittine abbey on the royal manor of Sheen, to obtain their copy of the Mirror. An anonymous Carthusian, residing at the monastery across the Thames from Syon, wrote the Mirror for a Birgittine sister. The Mirror relies on female saints—Birgitta of Sweden, Catherine of Siena, and Mechtild of Hackeborn—to relate Christ's Passion.
Making Manuscripts as Political Engagement by Women in the Fifteenth-Century Observant Reform Movement
Authors: Winston-Allen Anne
Published: July 2016

This article challenges the view that women's writing in the fifteenth century was simply “naive,” harmless work that was not part of the mainstream. In fact, convent women's narratives and historical house chronicles are in many instances much more politically engaged than has generally been understood. Examined in the context of the fifteenth-century struggle for religious reform in which many were involved, women's writings and book illustrations reveal a kind of polemical reform mentality. This article shows some ways in which these writers' portrayal of themselves diverges from traditional mainstream narratives about women that depict them as victims or pawns in the religious struggles of the day. The nuns' own stories, however, reveal a remarkable degree of political savvy and engagement in which religious women through writing their convent histories and reform accounts found a voice and a way to exercise agency.
The Philosophy of Prosopopoeia
Authors: Benne Christian
Published: July 2016

Nietzsche's writings are complex polyphone compositions: Nietzsche adopts a multitude of positions and voices, including their specific rhythmical features, through the rhetorical technique of prosopopoeia. This is also the case in his aphoristic books. By interpreting the famous “incipit parodia” from the preface to the second edition of GS, I argue in this essay that Nietzsche actually understands the concept of parody in the ancient sense, where it is nothing else but a form of prosopopoeia or personification—in contrast to the modern sense, where it denotes a kind of mockery. This has wide-ranging consequences for the understanding of Nietzsche's writing in general, his theory of the mask, and his identification of tragedy and parody.
“Some Third Thing”: Nietzsche's Words and the Principle of Charity
Authors: Stern Tom
Published: July 2016

The aim of this paper is to begin a conversation about how we read and write about Nietzsche and, related to this, other figures in the history of philosophy. The principle of charity can appear to be a way to bridge two different interpretative goals: getting the meaning of the text right and offering the best philosophy. I argue that the principle of charity is multiply ambiguous along three different dimensions, which I call “unit,” “mode,” and “strength”: consequently, it is not a single, neutral or independent principle to which we can helpfully appeal and it cannot, in itself, perform this bridging function. Nietzsche, I suggest, is particularly ill suited to some forms of charitable reading. I compare charity to what I call “misreporting” a philosopher's words, in order to highlight some problematic structural similarities. Finally, I assess what charity might be doing instead, if it is not intended to bridge meaning and best philosophy.
Poder de negociación y brecha salarial de género: caso chileno
Authors: Cruz Gabriel
Published: July 2016

A través de la metodología planteada por Card, Cardoso y Kline (2013), que utiliza un modelo de dos efectos fijos de empleado y firma, este artículo estudia el efecto del poder de negociación de hombres y mujeres sobre la brecha salarial de género. Para el cálculo del modelo se utilizó técnicas estadísticas recientemente planteadas por Ouzad (2008) que se basan en Abowd, Creecy, Kramarz (2002). Para esto se usó la base de datos del Seguro de Cesantía chileno, que tiene una rica información conectada de empleado-firma, lo cual permite seguir la movilidad mensualmente de los individuos en distintas firmas entre los años 2002 y 2013. Los resultados encontrados para el caso chileno son que la brecha salarial de género es de 27,4 % y que el poder de negociación explica aproximadamente el 27% de la brecha salarial, superando el resultado encontrado en Portugal (Card, Cardoso y Kline, 2013). Además, se encuentra que las mujeres aumentan su salario aproximadamente un 15% menos, en promedio, que los hombres al cambiarse de firma. Todos estos resultados son comparados y discutidos con los encontrados en Portugal en el estudio de Card, Cardoso y Kline (2013).
Policy frames sobre reinserción social de varones privados de libertad en Chile durante el período 2012-2013
Authors: Maluenda Jorge
Published: July 2016

La presente investigación analiza los Policy Frame utilizados por los principales actores involucrados en Reinserción Social de adultos varones privados de libertad en Chile, en el período 2012-2013. Se identifican los frames dominantes y aquellos en conflicto. Para llevar a cabo este análisis se han utilizado dos técnicas metodológicas: la Grounded Theory (Strauss y Corbin, 2002) y el Policy Frame Analysis. A partir de los distintos Frames observados en los actores estudiados, se ha podido establecer la presencia de ejes comunes, complementarios y fuentes de posible conflicto, además de espacios para la convergencia en la relación de actores ante diversos ejes.
El currículum tras las rejas: aproximaciones al significado pedagógico-curricular en un contexto privativo de libertad para adolescentes
Authors: Sepúlveda Alba
Published: July 2016

Este trabajo analiza la implementación del Marco Curricular de Adultos en la educación de las y los jóvenes que se encuentran en un contexto privativo de libertad. Para esto se hace una revisión de diversos documentos legales y estudios que contextualizan la implementación de este curriculum en la educación de los jóvenes recluidos, a través del uso de la técnica de análisis de contenido. Estos hallazgos se contrastan a la luz de los antecedentes y referentes teóricos y se plantean como los ejes de discusión y conclusiones. El trabajo identifica importantes problemas sobre los silencios de diversas legislaciones que hoy en día regulan la educación de los jóvenes privados de libertad. Estos vacíos legales podrían incidir en la utilización arbitraria del currículo de educación para adultos en la educación de jóvenes privados de libertad.
Instituciones de educación en un contexto de mercado: El caso de la educación superior técnico-profesional en Chile
Authors: Sanhueza José Miguel
Published: July 2016

El presente estudio tiene por objeto caracterizar las tendencias recientes en el mercado de los Institutos Profesionales (IP) y Centros de Formación Técnica (CFT), identificando sus principales diferencias respecto a los resultados teóricamente esperables en un modelo de mercado competitivo. La investigación busca responder a dos grandes preguntas. Por un lado, qué tan posible es afirmar que, en un contexto de mercado, las instituciones educativas tengan incentivos para invertir en mejorar su calidad. Por otra parte, si los egresados y desertores de estas instituciones logran insertarse en el mercado del trabajo. Para ello, se trabaja a través de una metodología cuantitativa. Los resultados reflejan que la organización como mercado del sistema de ESTP ha traído consigo incentivos hacia la ineficiencia, independiente de los niveles de concentración de mercado en CFT e IP. En función de estos resultados, se ofrecen propuestas de política, orientadas a una revalorización de la educación superior técnico-profesional en el contexto de un nuevo sistema de educación superior, distinta al modelo de mercado, cuyo centro esté puesto en instituciones públicas y donde se incorpore el modelo de "universidad politécnica".
Las intervenciones psicosociales en establecimientos educacionales municipales vulnerables bajo el marco de la Ley SEP: Diseño, implementación y logros desde la perspectiva de actores claves
Authors: Gatica Francisco
Published: July 2016

Este estudio busca describir el diseño, la implementación y los resultados obtenidos de las intervenciones psicosociales en establecimientos educacionales municipales, ejecutadas en el marco de la ley SEP. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, con el fin de explorar y describir el funcionamiento de las áreas psicosociales y las intervenciones de 12 establecimientos municipales con una dupla de trabajo psicosocial o un profesional (Psicólogo y/o Trabajador Social), correspondientes a 3 comunas de la Región Metropolitana. Se concluye que existe una gran debilidad institucional con respecto a los lineamientos de política social que apoyen el trabajo de las duplas. Su inserción es muy reciente y aún existe resistencia en el sistema educativo. No obstante, las duplas psicosociales han podido adaptarse y han instaurado una estructura de intervención de alta coherencia con las realidades institucionales y contextuales de cada establecimiento.
Espacios de Gobernanza Moderna en Chile: El caso del Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes
Authors: Baeza Claudia
Published: July 2016

Esta investigación busca analizar los cambios en la institucionalidad cultural en Chile, del Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes hacia la creación de un Ministerio de Cultura. Se describe por qué una entidad participativa no tuvo condiciones para responder a las necesidades del sector cultura, siendo necesaria la creación de una institución ministerial. El estudio analiza, desde la perspectiva del diseño de políticas públicas, el rol de los medios de comunicación y de los stakeholders en la discusión sobre la creación del Ministerio de Cultura. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido cuantitativo, así como se efectuó un análisis documental de fuentes oficiales. Se concluye que la creación de un Ministerio permite develar ante todo el fracaso del Consejo para responder a las necesidades del sector cultural y que la existencia de una figura de tipo bottom up no resistió el peso de la organización político administrativa tradicional. Además, fue posible observar resistencias a la creación del Ministerio, que se relacionan con los contenidos del proyecto, más que con la figura misma.
Estudio sobre la colaboración inter-institucional en procesos de innovación pública
Authors: Galaz Pablo
Published: July 2016

El presente artículo profundiza en el rol de la colaboración inter-institucional en procesos de innovación pública, a través del estudio de dos casos: el primero relacionado con la gestión de pacientes con pie diabético en una sub-red de salud, y el segundo en torno a la administración de tres piscinas municipales temperadas. Como conclusiones del trabajo se identifican cinco puntos claves para gestionar procesos colaborativos de innovación, los cuales son (i) identificar si se requiere innovar a través de un trabajo colaborativo, (ii) disponer de equipos de trabajo que aborden los desafíos a resolver, (iii) garantizar el cumplimiento de roles mínimos necesarios para gestionar la innovación colaborativa, (iv) promover espacios de colaboración donde se privilegie la gestión de conocimiento tácito por sobre el explícito, y (v) buscar evidencia de los resultados obtenidos a partir de las soluciones implementadas.
La Reforma Tributaria 2014: un Análisis desde las Coaliciones Discursivas
Authors: Coronado Rodrigo
Published: July 2016

Este estudio de caso investiga el debate sobre la Reforma Tributaria en Chile del año 2014. Se modela el proceso de formación de agenda utilizando modelos de análisis discursivos de políticas públicas. En particular se utilizaron tres técnicas metodológicas: Análisis de Contenido, Análisis de Redes Sociales y entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Dos son las conclusiones principales de esta investigación. Se observó la existencia de dos Coaliciones Discursivas: una de ellas conformada por el Gobierno, partidos oficialistas y economistas ligados a los partidos de la Nueva Mayoría; y la otra por los representantes de gremios empresariales, partidos de oposición y economistas cercanos a dichos partidos. Por su parte, se mostró que las Redes Sociales son una herramienta útil para estudiar el proceso de formación de agenda.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Mendonça Francisco De Assis
Published: July 2016

Editorial
RISCOS E DESASTRES NATURAIS EM AMBIENTE URBANO: O EXEMPLO DE CUIABÁ/MT
Authors: Zamparoni Cleusa Gonçalves
Published: July 2016

Os desastres naturais são derivados da relação conflituosa sociedade/natureza e podem agravar as mudanças climáticas na escala local. Entretanto, os desastres naturais sempre fizeram parte da história da humanidade, inseridos no âmbito das (in)certezas e calcados na técnica e ciência na busca do controle sobre os eventos e domínio da natureza e resulta da combinação entre as características físicas do lugar, que refletem suas suscetibilidades e fragilidades associadas à capacidade de resposta e recuperação da sociedade expressas por sua vulnerabilidade e resiliência. A Revolução Industrial trouxe necessidades de reestruturações espaciais locais expressas pela urbanização crescente em nível mundial que estão atingindo elevados patamares no século XXI, gerando os desastres naturais nas áreas consideradas de risco. Em Cuiabá, a ocupação desordenada e a deficiência das políticas públicas de preservação da rede hídrica, de investimentos em saneamento e coleta de lixo provocam aumento significativo de inundações em bairros situados em áreas de risco. Estudos sobre o problema são necessários e urgentes, pois auxiliam a proposição e execução de ações preventivas em detrimentos das curativas, como as medidas para retirar e realocar, em definitivo, as pessoas que vivem em ocupações irregulares e de risco, pois em geral elas aceitam esta mudança enquanto estão em perigo e voltam quando cessa a turbulência. Assim sendo, o presente estudo objetiva analisar os riscos a desastres naturais urbanos em Cuiabá/MT com dados secundários fornecidos pela Defesa Civil local.
ILHAS DE CALOR E FRESCOR URBANAS NO BAIRRO CAMOBI, SANTA MARIA/RS, EM UM DIA SOB DOMÍNIO DA MASSA POLAR VELHA OU MODIFICADA NA PRIMAVERA
Authors: Rovani Franciele Francisca Marmentini , Rodrigues Eduino Da Costa , Sartori Maria da Graça Barros , Cassol Roberto
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho teve por objetivo, analisar o campo termo-higrométrico e a formação de ilhas de calor e frescor no Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria – RS, em um dia sob atuação de massa polar velha de primavera. Para tal, definiram-se dois transectos móveis (um na direção N/S e outro E/W) onde se realizou coletas de temperatura (ºC) e umidade relativa do ar (%) em pontos pré-estabelecidos e em cinco horários diferentes (09h, 12h, 15h, 18h e 21h). Foram elaborados cartogramas referentes ao campo térmico-higrométrico com o auxílio do aplicativo Surfer for Windows 8.0 e um mapa de orientação de vertentes e do uso da terra, por meio do aplicativo Spring 5.0.3. Como resultado destaca-se que o campo termo-higrométrico da área de estudo está condicionado ao movimento aparente do sol, a orientação e exposição das vertentes em relação à entrada de radiação solar, e ao uso da terra. As ilhas de calor e frescor de magnitude muito forte (8ºC e -8ºC, respectivamente), definiram-se melhor às 9 horas. As demais ilhas de calor e de frescor se definiram melhor nos horários das 15 e 18 horas.
TENDÊNCIA E VARIABILIDADE ANUAIS DA TEMPERATURA E DA PLUVIOSIDADE EM PIRASSUNUNGA-SP
Authors: Ferrari Antonio Luiz , Vecchia Francisco Arthur Da Silva , Colabone Rosângela De Oliveira
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é aplicar a análise estatística para identificação das tendências anuais da temperatura e da precipitação na região de Pirassununga – SP, bem como a variabilidade desses elementos climáticos. Utilizou-se a série histórica de 1976 a 2008, referentes à precipitação e temperatura, registradas pela estação meteorológica da Academia da Força Aérea–AFA/Pirassununga/SP (21º059´07´´S, 47º020´06´´W, altitude de 600 m). Foram considerados, para o estudo da precipitação, os totais anuais e, para as máximas e mínimas absolutas anuais e a média das máximas e das mínimas. Para a análise da tendência utilizou-se a regressão linear que permitiu a obtenção dos coeficientes de determinação R2, erro padrão das estimativas e os limites de confiança. Para a avaliação da tendência climática, tanto da temperatura, quanto da precipitação, foram utilizados, também, os testes estatísticos não-paramétricos de Mann-Kendall e a Curvatura de Sem, que mostram, respectivamente, a significância da tendência e sua magnitude. A análise da série histórica considerada, no que se refere às temperaturas máximas, mínimas e médias máximas e mínimas, permitiu constatar regimes térmicos mais amenos em determinados anos do período estudado, destacando-se os anos considerados “normais” em relação aos acentuadamente mais quentes para a região. A pesquisa indicou que, nos últimos seis anos da série, houve estabilidade em relação às temperaturas mínimas. A maior amplitude térmica observada (39 ºC) ocorreu em 1994, que poderia ser definido como um ano excepcional. Apesar dessas alterações, não se pode afirmar que as tendências verificadas estão relacionadas às mudanças climáticas globais. A análise dos parâmetros estatísticos obtidos para a precipitação, mostrou se há ou não tendência de diminuição ou aumento de valores pluviométricos, com destaque para alguns anos mais significativos.
A TIPOLOGIA PLUVIOMETRICA DE BAURU/SP
Authors: Pinheiro Gabriela Marques , Danni-Oliveira Inês Moresco
Published: July 2016

Os problemas ambientais são todos aqueles que afetam negativamente a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos no contexto de sua interação com o espaço, seja ele natural ou social. Dentre estes problemas ambientais, encontra-se inserido os impactos de ordem extrema, em especial aqueles oriundos da atmosfera, que afetam de maneira inesperada o ambiente. Desta forma o presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da tipologia pluviométrica da cidade de Bauru por meio de uma análise temporal das chuvas ocorridas nos meses de maior precipitação, para o período de 1978 a 2008.O uso de tipologias climáticas constituiu-se em eficiente proposta de analise como meio de informação para a caracterização do ritmo pluviométrico de dado lugar. Dessa forma conclui-se que houve leve tendência de aumento nos totais de precipitação nos últimos trinta anos de análise a partir da linha de tendência linear, porem em relação a sua media móvel, esta sofreu oscilações ao longo de sua historia principalmente na década de 2000, onde observou-se uma ligeira queda.
INCIDÊNCIA DE NEVOEIRO NO AERÓDROMO DA ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA-PIRASSUNUNGA/SP - ANÁLISE DAS OCORRÊNCIAS
Authors: Colabone Rosângela De Oliveira , Vecchia Francisco Arthur Da Silva , Ferrari Antonio Luiz
Published: July 2016

A distribuição de ocorrências de nevoeiro no aeródromo da Academia da Força Aérea-Pirassununga/SP- é investigada ao longo de uma série temporal de 20 anos (1989-2008). Foram aplicados aos dados climatológicos diários de superfície métodos estatísticos para identificação de anos habituais e excepcionais em termos de ocorrência do fenômeno e aplicação da proposta de Monteiro (1971) na classificação genética dos nevoeiros. O ano 2008, escolhido como o representante da categoria excepcional de alta incidência, foi analisado pela técnica da análise rítmica cujos resultados mostraram que no período de maior incidência do fenômeno - abril a julho - 83,3% dos nevoeiros ocorreram sob a atuação da massa polar atlântica.