bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recruitment and retention of staff in rural dispensing primary care practice: a qualitative inquiry
Authors: Cross Rosina , McDonagh Sinead TJ , Cockcroft Emma , Turner Malcolm , Isom Matthew , Lambourn Robert , Campbell John L , Clark Christopher E
Published: November 2023

Background

Rural primary care practices struggle to employ and retain staff, and existing literature regarding recruitment and retention is focused on doctors. Shortages of qualified staff affect practice functioning, quality of care, and patient experience. Dispensing of medications is a rural service valued by patients. However, little is known about how dispensing services are valued by practices or related to the recruitment and retention of staff.

Aim

To understand barriers to, and facilitators of, joining and remaining in rural dispensing practice employment, and to explore how rural practices value dispensing services.

Design & setting

Qualitative inquiry in rural primary care practices across England.

Method

Semi-structured interviews with rural dispensing staff were undertaken, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using framework analysis.

Results

In total, 17 staff from 12 practices across England were interviewed between June and November 2021. Reasons for taking up employment in rural dispensing practices included perceived career autonomy, development opportunities, and preference for working and living in a rural setting. Skills required for dispensers’ roles balanced against low wages were a barrier to recruitment. For nurses, barriers included perceived lack of knowledge around their role in rural care. Revenue from dispensing, opportunities for staff development, job satisfaction, and positive work environments drove retention of staff. However, negative perceptions of rural practice, travel difficulties, lack of applicants, and insufficient remuneration for roles were barriers to retention.

Conclusion

Barriers to, and facilitators of, rural primary care recruitment and retention vary by role, and include factors unique to the rural setting.
Pulmonary Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma: A Case Report
Authors: Матылевич О.П. , Курченков Н.А. , Тарасов И.А. , Мавричев С.А. , Копшай П.А.
Published: November 2023

Доброкачественная метастазирующая лейомиома матки – крайне редкое заболевание, которое сопровождается распространением высокодифференцированной гладкомышечной ткани за пределы матки, в частности в легкие, молочные железы, лимфоузлы, кости, печень, мягкие ткани малого таза, центральную нервную систему, кожу, пищевод, трахею, аппендикс или сердце. Чаще всего при доброкачественной метастазирующей лейомиоме поражаются легкие, что может привести к дыхательной недостаточности. Заболевание следует подозревать у женщин в пременопаузальном возрасте с метастазами в легких, у которых в анамнезе была лейомиома матки. Морфологический метод исследования опухоли является решающим в установлении диагноза. Этиология и патогенез этой патологии неизвестны. Заболевание в большинстве случаев протекает бессимптомно, что затрудняет его выявление. В настоящий момент не существует определенных алгоритмов диагностики и лечения данного заболевания. В статье представлено клиническое наблюдение пациентки с метастазирующей в легкие доброкачественной лейомиомой матки.

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma is an extremely rare condition, when high-differentiated smooth muscle tissue spreads beyond the uterus, including lungs, breast, lymphatic nodes, bones, liver, soft tissue of pelvis, central nervous system, skin, esophagus, trachea, appendix or heart. Lungs are most commonly affected in this disease, which may lead to respiratory failure. Benign metastasizing leiomyoma should be suspected in premenopausal women with metastatic foci in lungs, who had leiomyoma. Morphological investigation is crucial in making diagnosis. Etiology and pathogenesis are unknown. Mostly the disease is asymptomatic, thus the disease is hard to reveal. Currently, there are no guidelines of diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition. Here we present a case report of benign metastasizing leiomyoma.
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men
Authors: Ниткин Д.М.
Published: November 2023

Ингибиторы фосфодиэстеразы 5-го типа (ФДЭ-5) значительно улучшают эректильную функцию у мужчин и являются перспективной группой лекарственных средств для лечения пациентов с симптомами нижних мочевых путей (СНМП). В статье представлен обзор применения данной группы лекарственных средств в лечении симптомов нижних мочевых путей у мужчин с позиции доказательной медицины. Тадалафил является ингибитором ФДЭ-5 с доказанной эффективностью применения у пациентов с СНМП с эректильной дисфункцией или без эректильной дисфункции. Тадалафил имеет высокую биодоступность, оптимальную продолжительность действия и надежный профиль безопасности.

PDE-5 inhibitors significantly improve erectile function in men and are a promising group of drugs for the treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTs). The article presents an overview of the use of PDE-5 inhibitors in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. Tadalafil is a PDE-5 inhibitor with proven efficacy in patients with LUTs with or without erectile dysfunction. Tadalafil has high bioavailability, optimal duration of action and a reliable safety profile.
Immunomodulatory Therapy in the Complex Treatment of Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis
Authors: Ниткин Д.М.
Published: November 2023

В последнее время в комплексном лечении хронического простатита актуальность приобретают методы иммунной модуляции и коррекции. В статье представлены результаты исследования эффективности применения иммуномодулятора Полиоксидоний (азоксимера бромида) в комплексной терапии хронического простатита. Азоксимера бромид в дозе 12 мг в форме ректальных свечей продемонстрировал иммунокорригирующий эффект, а также повысил клиническую и лабораторную эффективность лечения хронического бактериального простатита.

Methods of immune modulation and correction have become relevant in the complex treatment of chronic prostatitis. The article presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of Polyoxidonium (azoximer bromide) in the complex therapy of chronic prostatitis. Azoximer bromide at a dose of 12 mg in the form of rectal suppositories demonstrated an immunocorrecting effect and increased the clinical and laboratory effectiveness of the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis.
TÜRKİYE – İSVEÇ İLİŞKİLERİ (XVI-XXI. YÜZYIL BAŞLARI)
Authors: Şahbaz Mehibe , Paksoy Semin
Published: November 2023

Tarih boyunca ülkeler, çıkarları doğrultusunda siyasal, ekonomik ve sosyal iş birliği sağlamak amacıyla ittifaklar yapmışlardır. XX. yüzyıla gelindiğinde dünya devletlerinin Doğu ve Batı bloklarına ayrılarak “Soğuk Savaş” dönemini başlattıkları ve İkinci dünya savaşından sonra, 1949 yılında Amerika’nın başını çektiği devletler NATO ittifakını, Rusya’nın başını çektiği devletler ise 1955 yılında Varşova Paktı’nı kurarak bu kutuplaşmayı daha da derinleştirmişlerdir. Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetleri Birliği’nin 1991 yılında dağılması ile Varşova paktı sona ererken, NATO ittifakı devletleri teröre karşı birlik oluşturma gerekçesiyle varlıklarını günümüze kadar devam ettirmişlerdir. SSCB’den ayrılan ve yönünü Batı’ya çeviren Ukrayna’ya karşı 2022 yılında Rusya’nın başlattığı savaş, Kuzey Avrupa ülkelerinde güvenlik endişesi uyandırmıştır. Bu gelişmeler karşısında İsveç, güvenliğini sağlamak açısından NATO’ya başvuruda bulunmuştur. İsveç’in terör örgütlerine verdiği destekten rahatsızlık duymakta olan Türkiye, İsveç’in NATO üyeliğine olumlu bakmamaktadır. Hâlbuki Türkiye-İsveç ilişkilerinin geçmişine bakıldığında, iki ülkenin çoğu zaman siyasal ve sosyal olarak birbirlerini destekleyip işbirliği yaptıkları görülmektedir. Bu çalışmadaki öncelikli amaç, İsveç-Türkiye arasındaki ilişkilerin tarihsel derinliğini inceleyerek siyasal, ekonomik ve sosyal alanlarda kurdukları olumlu ilişkiler ve bunların etkisine yer vermektir. Daha sonra iki ülke arasında stratejik iş birliği ve ortaklığının, dünya barışı ve ülkelerin halkına faydaları ile günümüzde yaşanan sorunların sebepleri belirlenerek bu sorunların çözümünde kamuoylarının bilinçlendirilmesinin önemine vurgu yapılacaktır.
REVERSIBLE DATA HIDING TECHNIQUES AND ITS APPLICATION IN INFORMATION SECURITY
Authors: Vo Phuoc-Hung
Published: November 2023

Reversible data hiding is widely recognized as one of the most employed methods for copyright protection and data security. This technique involves embedding a unique piece of information, referred to as a watermark or secret data, without being detected by human or machine visual systems. Moreover, the original image is completely restored after embedded information is extracted by the recipient. Reversible data hiding technique has many vital applications, such as camouflage in communication to protect confidential information or embedding information into photos to protect digital image content. However, the problem with this technique is to maintain a good trade-off between imperceptibility and a higher bit embedding rate. This research provides a thorough review of existing methods of image steganography. Moreover, the paper also discusses the strategy to select different cover media for numerous applications in modern life.
INVESTIGATING THE MECHANISM OF DIAMOND GRINDING STONE DISCHARGE IN MIST ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Nguyen Du Van , Tran Van Hong
Published: November 2023

The study investigates the mechanism of electrical discharge machining in a mist environment for grinding diamond stones. The mist-assisted diamond grinding technology shows great promise, with advantages such as environmental protection and high efficiency. Additionally, utilizing a mist environment for grinding diamond stones reduces the dependence on working fluids and allows for direct grinding in highly accurate grinding machines.
RESEARCH ON PART CLASSIFICATION SOLUTION BY IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Dang Phuc Huu , Tran Toan Song
Published: November 2023

The application of high-tech technology in production generally has been an inevitable trend of today's era, especially in Industry 4.0. An industry integrated with high technology will help improve production efficiency, creating many quality products that meet global standards. This study researches and proposes a product classification technique with the support of image processing technology. The study highlights the successful implementation of a model that can classify products with square, circle, and triangular shapes by a new and fully automatic method that helps to reduce costs and human labor. In addition, the system can identify defective parts. The results showed that the system works stably. The proposed solution can replace conventional manual part sorting with high accuracy and low cost.
BUILDING AN ANALYTICAL MODEL OF LINE STABILITY DUYEN HAI 1 THERMAL POWER FACTORY CONNECTED TO THE 220 KV GRID IN THE MEKONG RIVER DELTA, VIETNAM
Authors: Le Tung Thanh , Phan Hieu The , Nguyen Tien Ngoc
Published: November 2023

The stability assessment of the power system is one of the most important tasks in the design and operation of the power system. Stability is the ability of the system to recover to the initial state or close to the initial state after large disturbances to the initial state Duyen Hai 1 Thermal Power Plant belonging to Duyen Hai Power Center, consisting of two generating units, totaling two units, with a capacity of 1,245 MW, the output of electricity produced is about 7.8 billion kWh per year. The participation of Duyen Hai 1 Thermal Power Plant in the system has specific impacts on the stability of the system. Incidents that destabilize Duyen Hai 1 Thermal Power Plant can cause widespread power outages, leading to great economic losses. Therefore, the research team analyzes and evaluates the stability of Duyen Hai 1 Thermal Power Plant by using the standard theories of stability regarding rotor deflection angle, critical shear time, transient curves of mechanical quantities and power when agitation occurs, comparing the critical mode with the operating mode to conclude the possibility of stability.
PROPOSAL THE SUITABLE STRUCTURE ON SMALL VESSEL AND BARGE IN THICK SOFT SOIL AREA IN THE GEOLOGICAL AREA OF TRA VINH PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Authors: Nguyen Cong Thanh , Huynh Tri Huu , Tu Nhung Hong
Published: November 2023

Tra Vinh Province with its interlaced river system is convenient for navigation, especially for barges and small vessels under 1000 DWT. Geology in Tra Vinh primarily has a thick soft soil surface layer, averaging from 20 m – 40 m, even over 50 m in some places, structural solutions for docks in most regions choose piers. Thus, the high platform on the pile foundation. However, in practice, we found that most of the proposed wharf structure solutions for barges and small ships are not reasonable, the piles in the berth structure have not brought into full play their bearing capacity, leading to excessive and inefficient investment costs for large-scale projects. Within the scope of the paper, we propose a more reasonable wharf structure solution based on the integrated analysis of the geological features of the structure, the load due to the ship, and the operating loads on the berth.
Study for the validation of an instrument for foreign language learning
Authors: VIGUERAS-GONZÁLEZ Alan , SANCHEZ-TRUJILLO Magda Gabriela
Published: November 2023

The purpose of instrument validation is to guarantee precision and validity of the collected data obtained from scientific research, survey and evaluations. The purpose of the present work was the making and validation of a survey to evaluate the level of the receptive and communicative skills of the English language acquired in the pupils at the Escuela Superior de Tepeji del Rio, in the administration program to be more specific. For this purpose, qualitative methodology of the Delphi technique was used. This process is intended to obtain a consensus among a group of experts on a specific topic and to validate the internal consistency, the calculation of the Cronbach alfa coeffient was used in a sample of 61. The alpha coefficient value closer to 1 indicates a greater internal consistency among the ítems. Out of the results through the Delphi technique, feedback and consensus among the ones who checked and evaluated the components was obtained. The calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient resulted in (0.83), which corroborates the reliability and validity of the instrument. The contribution is the instrument to be used inside the institution with the intention of determining the potential in the development of the communicative skills of the English language.
Feel-think: the violin and me. Evelio Tieles and violin teaching in Cuba
Authors: JUAN-CARVAJAL Mara Lioba , VDOVINA María
Published: November 2023

Since the seventies of the last century, the methodological component of violin teaching in Cuba took roots in the Russian-Soviet school given by the academic link that favored the exchange of renowned teachers and students between both countries. The experiences, contributions and musings of this exchange and teaching process are collected in a book by the pedagogue Evelio Tieles. Its reading motivated the writing of this article whose objective is to highlight the correlated aspects among the Russian-Soviet school and the methodological principles of the teaching-learning process in Cuba, exposed in the book “Feel-Think: The violin and I”, written by Tieles. For this, analytical-synthetic methods, document analysis and interviews with key informants were combined, which made it possible to identify methodological aspects of the teaching-learning process of the teaching of violin and viola in Cuba that have their foundation located in the Russian-Soviet school.
Impact of technology for educational development at the higher education level at the Universidad Veracruzana in times of SARS-CoV2 in Poza Rica Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: RÍOS-HERNÁNDEZ Sara Anahí , LAGUNA-CAMACHO Juan Rodrigo , ESCAMILLA-RODRIGUEZ Frumencio , JIMÉNEZ-CRISTÓBAL Juan Daniel
Published: November 2023

Evaluating the use of ICT at the higher education level is essential for every educational institution, because it allows knowing the degree of user satisfaction and the required needs, to later carry out a planning with strategies and actions that support their improvement. This research work is an analysis study carried out on the digital strategies used by the Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of the “Universidad Veracruzana” in Poza Rica Veracruz, Mexico, during the COVID-19 contingency. Through an opinion survey applied to a sample of 300 students. Which allows us to identify the strengths and weaknesses of using a 100% virtual teaching in turn to know the difficulties that students presented, the attention they received, and how confinement affects school performance.
Programming: From abstraction to practice
Authors: TIJERINA-MARTÍNEZ Felipe , TOVAR-GONZÁLEZ Claudia , GARCÍA-CEDILLO David Rey
Published: November 2023

This article presents a study based on the experience acquired in 18 years working as a teacher in the Information Technology career in the area of software development. Where it has been seen that when students enter the career the range of knowledge is very varied, since there are students who come from technical high schools in which they have already had experience in the programming area and on the other hand we have students who come from a non-technical high school in which they have no experience in the area. Hence the problem of teaching a programming class in which we can achieve the goal that all students develop their logic. This is why a survey is applied to find out if the student has the basic concepts of the programming area since most students learn to program mechanically, not developing their critical thinking to solve problems other than those solved in class. The contribution of the study shows us that to a certain degree, most of the students have the theoretical concept, but they do not know how to apply it in practice.
Preparation stages for a live transmission of an academic event with three simultaneous room
Authors: CURIEL-ANAYA Arturo , POZAS-CÁRDENAS Mariano Javier , GUTIERREZ-SÁNCHEZ Ma. de Jesus , CURIEL-CASTILLO Flor de María
Published: November 2023

The results of the experience of the process of the massive transmission in synchronous form of an international congress are presented where its greatest challenge was the simultaneous transmission in three rooms with different conferences in a professional, dynamic and attractive way for all the people interested in the congress. and where the central theme was robotics. To cover the objective, it was based on analysis, planning and development as a basic methodology, as well as the use of Facebook as one of the most popular and far-reaching social networks, as well as the free tools OBS and Irium WebCam. This project highlights the effect of the transmission of this type of event on social networks, due to the continuous visits that are made to the site, thus allowing the preservation and continuous dissemination of knowledge spilled at the event through social networks.
Methodology of geoinformation small-scale mapping of geosystems for environmental risk management
Authors: Kuznetsova Tatiana
Published: November 2023

Within the framework of the thematic section “Ecological state of the natural environment, natural environmental risks” of the electronic geographical Atlas of North and Northeast Asia, a methodology for small-scale mapping of geosystems has been developed as a procedure for preparing scientific information about a natural geographical object to ensure environmental risk management. The scientific basis of the research is the theory of spatial and temporal organization and the methodology of constructive integration mapping of geosystems. Natural ecological risk is understood as the probability of negative changes in the structure and functioning of geosystems in the case of natural or anthropogenic phenomena and processes in the habitat. The methods of creation, structure, and content of the unified information and cartographic system of the Mongolian-Siberian region of geosystem content of scale 1:5 000 000 have been developed. For these purposes, geographically and conceptually inconsistent maps of the geosystems of the regions of Siberia and Mongolia were analyzed. The patterns of spatial and temporal organization, regional features of functional differentiation of natural systems are revealed. Based on the results of the study, scientific generalizations were made concerning the description of geosystems of regional rank, their typification, classification, and zoning. The prognostic potential of small-scale maps of geosystems in relation to geographical studies of natural environmental risks based on the procedure for analyzing geosystems by typological functional, structural, and dynamic features is revealed. The characteristics of natural factors of the intensity of functioning, ecological functions of geosystems served as indicators in the environmental regulation of the use of natural systems, allowed to correctly substantiate environmental recommendations to minimize undesirable consequences. A specialized classification is demonstrated—a legend and a zoning map of the territory of the Mongolian-Siberian region, reflecting the sequence of multi-stage cartographic studies of natural environmental risk and the structuring of physical and geographical information. The created maps make up the basic set in the structure of spatial data of the electronic Atlas, new maps of geosystems can be created on their basis.
Analysis of the current state of the Russian IT Industry: key issues and trends
Authors: Pankratov Alexey
Published: November 2023

The proposed study is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the Russian IT industry, the identification of key trends and problems in the area under consideration. Within the framework of the article, the issue of determining the types of economic activities related to the IT sector is being worked out, as well as the key resulting indicators of the activity of the IT industry of the Russian Federation, such as the number of IT companies and their revenue in the context of key industry areas of the IT sector and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The results obtained on the basis of the aggregation of statistical data of the “SPARK-Interfax” system are compared with existing estimates and indicators of the current state of the IT industry in the Russian Federation, problems and causes of significant discrepancies in heterogeneous estimates are identified, and approaches to solving these problems are proposed. The article notes the predominance of the service and infrastructure orientation of the Russian IT industry and the secondary importance of the production and technological component, which leads to the predominance in modern Russian studies of the study of derivative issues of the development of the IT sector—informatization and digitalization of society and the economy, the development of the Internet and the provision of public services in electronic form. An analysis of the territorial organization of the Russian IT industry reveals the problems of its overconcentration in the most developed centers of economic activity and generates recommendations for the state regional policy, which should include a set of tools aimed at smoothing existing spatial differences in terms of localization and concentration of the economic potential of the Russian IT industry.
Comunicación para prevenir el cáncer de piel: un análisis del uso estratégico de la red social Twitter en España
Authors: Jiménez-Sánchez Lara , Moreno Ángeles
Published: November 2023

Introducción: la sociedad actual se encuentra ante el irrefrenable avance del cáncer de piel, uno de los más comunes y letales a nivel mundial. En España, su incidencia sigue aumentando en la población, y de forma más incipiente, en la población joven. Segmento potencialmente vulnerable a este tipo de cáncer por la alta frecuencia de exposición a la radiación solar sin tomar medidas preventivas, y la cultura del bronceado. Educar en hábitos de fotoprotección es la mejor medida para reducir el riesgo de cáncer de piel. Las redes sociales se han convertido en una plataforma esencial para la concienciación y promoción de comportamientos saludables. El presente estudio identifica y analiza la comunicación sobre prevención del cáncer de piel que se divulga en Twitter en España por los principales emisores estratégicos involucrados en esta labor. Metodología: se realizó análisis de contenido cuantitativo para determinar el primer y segundo nivel de agenda setting de la comunicación. Para ello se recogieron 2486 publicaciones emitidas en Twitter entre los meses de abril a julio de 2022. Resultados: los hallazgos muestran predominio de información relativa al cáncer de piel en general sin especificar, el melanoma y la fotoprotección, enfocada mayoritariamente en las causas de la enfermedad con la exposición solar como principal factor de riesgo. Conclusiones: al final encontramos un desequilibrio en la agenda respecto a temas y encuadres que revela una comunicación insuficientemente optimizada en la red social.
Struktur Komunitas Mangrove di Pesisir Pantai Cemara Kabupaten Lombok Barat dalam Upaya Penyusunan Modul Ekologi
Authors: Utami Fidiati , Utami Septiana Dwi , Safnowandi Safnowandi
Published: November 2023

The mangrove habitat found on the coast of Cemara Beach, West Lombok Regency is a river that meets a forest area that merges with the sea. The objectives of this research include: 1) identifying the types of plants that make up the mangrove forest on the Cemara Coast; 2) analyze the abundance of mangroves on the Cemara Coast; 3) analyze the diversity and evenness index of mangroves on the Cemara Coast; 4) reveal the population of species that dominate the mangrove community on the Cemara Coast; 5) analyze differences in mangrove abundance on sandy and muddy substrates on the Cemara Coast; 6) analyze differences in mangrove species diversity on sandy and muddy substrates on the Cemara Coast; 7) analyze the differences in mangrove dominance on sandy and muddy substrates on the Cemara Coast; and 8) develop research results on mangrove community structure as material in preparing ecological modules. This type of research is comparative descriptive. The design in this research uses a plot method with a total of 20 plots, namely 10 plots on a sandy substrate and 10 plots on a muddy substrate with 1 plot measuring 10 x 10 m. Development research using the 4D model from Thiagarajan et al. (1974) which was modified into 3P (Definition, Design and Development). The results of the research showed that there were 5 species of mangroves found on sandy substrates, while there were 4 species on muddy substrates. The abundance of mangrove plants on sandy substrates is 292 species of Sonneratia alba, while on muddy substrates there are 219 species of Rhizophora mucronata. The diversity index for sandy substrates and muddy substrates is 0, so the diversity index is categorized as low species diversity because H'<1. The evenness of mangrove plants is the uneven distribution of organisms in the community. The species that dominates on sandy substrates is Sonneratia alba, while on muddy substrates it is Rhizophora mucronata. The important value index for the level of poles and trees as well as the level of seedlings and saplings on sandy substrates is included in the medium category, because the important value index value ranges between 101% - 200% which is categorized as medium. Based on the results of the analysis of teaching materials, analysis of expert validation results and student readability tests (small group tests), the average achievement level reached 81.15% with very good qualifications. Thus, the plant ecology module teaching materials are suitable for use without revision.
Effect of Item Order on the Reliability of Mathematics Test among Secondary School Students in Rivers State
Authors: M Opara, I. , I Ogbanu, G.
Published: November 2023

The study investigated the effect of item order on the reliability of mathematics test among secondary school students in Rivers State. One research question and one null hypothesis guided the study. Quasi – experimental research design was used and the study was carried out in nine public senior secondary schools in three local government areas in River State which was drawn using Simple Random Sampling Technique. A sample size of 507 students were drawn from the population of 904 through Stratified Random Sampling Technique and the application of Taro Yemen formula to determine the minimum sample size. The instrument used was Multiple Choice Format Mathematics Performance Test (MCFMPT) arranged in ascending, descending and inconsistent order of difficulty and students’ scores were used for data collection. The reliability of the instrument was 0.75 using split-half method of establishing reliability and Spearman Brown prophecy formula for internal consistency of the instrument. Mean and Standard deviation were used to answer research question while t-test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. The results revealed that item order based of ascending, descending and inconsistent order do not have significant effect on the reliability of mathematics test among secondary school students. Based on the findings, it was recommended that all pattern of item order (ascending, descending and inconsistent order of difficulty) should be encouraged among secondary school students as it has no significant effect on reliability coefficient. Students should be motivated to improve their real abilities in mathematics related courses and not judging their underperformance in mathematics based on the arrangement of items.
Osteometric Dimension of Lower End of Femoral Bone among Bangladeshi Population
Authors: Alim Afshan Jesmin , Shirin Lubna , Kabir Mohammed Shahjahan
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The osteometric dimensions of the lower end of the femur have significant clinical implications, particularly in the context of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Accurate measurements are crucial for the design of femoral components in TKA, which can influence surgical outcomes. This study aims to determine the measurements of different variables of the lower end of the femur, including femoral condylar width, intercondylar width and depth, and the depth of the medial and lateral condyles, in a Bangladeshi population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 dried femurs collected from three medical colleges in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Measurements were obtained using digital sliding calipers and were rounded to two decimal places. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Result: Statistical analysis revealed that 56% of the femurs were right-sided and 44% were left-sided. The mean femoral bicondylar width was 69.78 ± 5.38 mm, falling mostly in the "Above Average" range (30%). The mean intercondylar width was 23.77 ± 1.55 mm, with 50% falling in the "Medium" range. Other variables like femur medial condylar width had a mean of 31.05 ± 1.74 mm. Conclusion: Observationally, the study successfully delineates the osteometric dimensions of the lower end of the femur in a Bangladeshi cohort. The statistical results not only fulfill the study's initial aim but also provide a nuanced understanding of the osteometric variations. These findings are instrumental for clinicians in the design and customization of femoral components in TKA, thereby potentially enhancing surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. The data also lay the groundwork for future research in this area.
A Study of Influencing Leadership Styles on Financial Performance in Saudi Arabian Commercial Banks
Authors: Jaouadi Said , Jazia Rachida Ben , Khabbouchi Nahed , Haqawi Hayat
Published: November 2023

This study examined the relationships between different leadership styles and bank performance in Saudi Arabia. The partial least squared was conducted to assess the impacts of autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and transformational leaderships on financial performance of banks using data from 199 responses collected from 7 Saudi banks. The findings revealed that autocratic leadership had a significant positive effect on performance, while democratic leadership's influence was insignificant. Transformational leadership did not significantly impact outcomes despite correlating strongly with democratic leadership. Laissez-faire leadership was found to negatively influence transformational leadership. These findings provide useful insights yet also merit deeper examination of moderating factors. Autocratic leadership appears suitable given local preferences for hierarchy, but risks stifling creativity long-term. Democratic leadership fosters innovation but still be unable to affect positively the decision-making efficiency. Transformational leadership unexpectedly doesn’t positively affect the financial performance of banks in Saudi Arabia.
Determining the Seroprevalence and the Knowledge of Viral Hepatitis B Infection among Beauticians in Yenagoa LGA, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Abel Mike Erefumokumo , Paul John Nwolim , Dimkpa Gospel Chimenma , Cookey-Gam Idawarifa Frank , Promise Vivian Ibienebakabobo , Mboi Stanley Samuel , Ekine Dumoteinm Stephen Opuda , Ogba Amaka Azubuike , Nwibana Barisuka Kofii , Ihua Confidence Waribo , Obia Joyce Chisa , Ugbe Ada Mercy
Published: November 2023

Cosmetology is a rapidly growing field, resulting in increasing numbers of beauty centers and beauticians. Ear piercing is a common practice in Nigeria and, in recent years piercing of other body parts has greatly increased in popularity. Beauty treatments, such as piercing, tattooing, manicuring, and barbing are used by many people. Individuals working in barber shops, hairdressing and beauty centers are likely to have contact with blood through applications such as shaving, manicure, pedicure and skin care. The aim of this study was to determine hepatitis B virus (HBV) seroprevalence in a sample of beauticians in Yenagoa local government area, Bayelsa State (Nigeria) and to assess the level of knowledge of these professionals regarding viral hepatitis. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving a total of 120 beauticians (hairdressers and manicurists/pedicurists) that were selected by a multistage sampling method. Data was collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire for knowledge assessment and serum samples were tested for HBsAg positivity using commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits. Data collected were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS), version 25 software. Of the total 120 participants 16 (13.3%) were males and 104 (86.7%) were females. The prevalence of HBV infections among the respondents was 7.5%. The knowledge of beauticians on awareness of viral hepatitis B was 5.8%, and their knowledge on ways of transmission was 61.7%. Conclusions: the findings indicate that, due to their low level of awareness of viral hepatitis B existence, beauticians working in Yenagoa Local Government Area are in a risk of HBV infection even though the seroprevalence of HBV was low.
Caregivers’ Perception and Attitude towards Child Mental Health in Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Emadeldin Maha , Afzal Khalid Imran , Mahmoud Omaima Ezzat , Rahma Mervat A. , Anwar Manal Mohamed , Deif Reem , Salah Hisham , Refaat Osama , Radwan Karam
Published: November 2023

Background: The World Health Organization recognizes the lack of public information about children and adolescents’ mental health (CAMH) disorders as a barrier to seeking help. This study assessed the current knowledge and attitudes of caregivers about CAMH problems in Egypt. Methods: A total of 1937 caregivers attending primary health care centers in Beni Suef, Egypt, were surveyed using the Arabic version of the University of Chicago Behavior Health Questionnaire (UCBHQ). Results: We found a statistical significance of positive attitude towards CAMH in parents’/caregivers’ who were females, relatively young, or had a higher educational degree. Due to the influence of media and negative publicity, caregivers were wary of the adverse effects of psychoactive medications and MH treatment. We also identified participants who had previously attended MH workshops or had a family member with mental illness were skeptical about existing MH services. Cultural background and spirituality were not a barrier to seeking MH care in this study. Conclusion: Findings highlight the need to utilize social media, television ad campaigns, and print fora to raise awareness about stigma, etiology of MH problems, and evidence-based treatments targeting gender and age-specific population.
Community Participation Provides Hydrological Environmental Services In the Watershed Area
Authors: Sukwika Tatan
Published: November 2023

The extent of critical and potential critical land in the Kambaniru watershed has encouraged community perceptions where management of land and forests in the watershed-based area of community empowerment is an important effort. To be able to achieve a good Kambaniru watershed condition, the behavior and activities of land and forest utilization by the community must comply with the principles of soil and water conservation. High population growth rate and followed by pressure on land has the potential to create new social problems in the form of poverty. On the other hand, the large potential of people who are willing to provide hydrological environmental services in watershed areas can be used as government investment. Therefore, opportunities for community participation need to be managed through an incentive approach through a cost-sharing mechanism. The overall objective of this study is to formulate a cost-sharing regression model of hydrological environmental services; to analyze the value of hydrological benefits for households at the upstream level in the Kambaniru watershed area, and assess the condition of community poverty levels based on pressure on land in the Kambaniru watershed area. This study concludes the formulation of the cost-sharing regression model of hydrological environmental services in the Kambaniru watershed area can explain the condition of the amount of water use and water requirements for households. The condition of population poverty is triggered by high pressure and dependence on land and forests. The recommendation is that farmer household should be given hydrological benefit compensation and lending without interest.
A BRIEF STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE AGE OF CYBERSECURITY
Authors: Vanshika Shukla
Published: November 2023

The rapid evolution of cyberspace has transformed the global landscape, giving rise to a complex and interconnected digital realm. As nations and individuals increasingly rely on digital technologies, the need to establish a robust framework for cybersecurity within the realm of international law has become paramount. This paper explores the evolving landscape of international law in the age of cybersecurity, focusing on key challenges, developments, and the imperative for international cooperation. The digital domain transcends geographical boundaries, making traditional notions of state sovereignty and jurisdiction inadequate for addressing cyber threats. This has necessitated the development of international norms and regulations to govern cyberspace. The paper delves into the prominent developments in international law, including the Tallinn Manual and the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts, which have sought to clarify the application of existing legal principles to cyberspace. Cybersecurity challenges such as state-sponsored cyberattacks, cyber espionage, and the weaponization of information have strained the existing framework of international law. The paper discusses the critical need for a consensus on defining cyberattacks and determining proportionate responses in accordance with the principles of self-defense and the law of armed conflict. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes the importance of international cooperation and the role of multilateral organizations in promoting cyber stability. It explores the potential for global cyber norms and confidence-building measures to enhance international security and reduce the risk of cyber conflict. However, as the digital age continues to reshape the global landscape, the adaptation and evolution of international law in response to cybersecurity challenges is imperative. The paper highlights the ongoing developments and challenges in this arena, underscoring the necessity for collaborative efforts among nations to establish a secure and stable digital environment for all.
KEYWORDS: Cybersecurity, International Law, Cyberspace, Norms, Cooperation
Development of a mechanism of state support for the development of digital distribution in Ukraine
Authors: Dubel Mykhailo V.
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the development of a mechanism of state support for the development of digital distribution in Ukraine. As part of the research, an expert survey was conducted by filling out a Google form, in which 77 experts with experience in trading or developing digital goods participated. Based on it, four main directions for improving the conditions for the development of digital distribution in Ukraine were identified: 1) promote the establishment of more flexible regional prices for digital distribution services; 2) involve the official representation of leading companies in the field of digital distribution; 3) make changes in the legislative base; 4) promote the development of domestic digital distribution services. In the framework of the first direction, the article reveals that in order to distribute regional prices that are more flexible for the domestic market in most leading digital distribution services, Ukrainians need to write e-mails to the corresponding postal addresses of representative offices. As part of the second approach, the article argues that the representation of the leading distributors of digital content can be increased only by developing the "conditions of the game", i.e., domestic legislation. According to the third direction, comprehensive changes are needed to significantly improve the situation, e.g., updating the Law on Electronic Commerce and revising the Law of Ukraine on Copyright and Related Rights by adding features of regulation of digital products. The comparative analysis of the national regulatory practices for the digital distribution process development allowed to outline certain approaches to the governmental support mechanism for digital transformations regarding an increase in the sustainability of international companies’ modern business models. Those approaches combine political and legal levers (e.g., development of legislation addressing copyright protection for digital goods and services), economic mechanisms (e.g., simplification of taxation for the companies providing services for the creation and / or promotion of digital goods and services), and administrative levers (e.g., support for technology clusters targeted at the creation and promotion of digital goods and services).
Shadow employment: features and challenges for Ukraine in the context of social security ensuring
Authors: Semiv Lyubov K. , Demkovych Tetyana M.
Published: November 2023

In the context of the modern Russian-Ukrainian war, the issue of shadow employment is closely related to preserving the Ukrainian population of working age. By implementing social security measures, we gain the opportunity to retain the Ukrainian population, increase the labor potential, and accumulate human capital as an important national resource. In this article, the aspects of the impact of shadow employment on the economic sector in Ukraine are explored, as well as the connection of this social phenomenon with personal social security is considered. The terminology of the study regarding shadow employment and social security is clarified. It is argued that shadow employment is a component of the shadow economy sector. It is shown that in conditions of a state of war, shadow employment makes sense for existence, as it mitigates and reduces the levels of potential unemployment. The purpose of the research is to generalize the theoretical aspects of shadow employment, establish a logical connection between shadow employment and social security, and indicate possible ways to reduce the levels of shadow employment in the context of ensuring social security. The conclusions and recommendations of the authors are based on the results of a project supported by the International Center for Rebirth, a public organization «Network of Legal Development, «which aimed to objectively study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the legal needs and problems in the informal labor sector in Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on a range of practical measures that government authorities should take to improve the situation in the field of shadow employment and thus ensure a higher level of social security for both workers and employers. Considering the observance and provision of social security at the state level for all workers, especially those engaged in shadow activities, as a mandatory norm, state authorities intend to implement a series of practical measures aimed at improving the situation in this area, particularly regarding shadow employment. It is summarized that social security should be represented by a certain system of organizational, economic, managerial, and legal measures, the purpose of which is to prevent social threats to security at all levels: national, regional, specific enterprise, organization, and individual. Enhancing the level of social security in the realm of shadow employment will allow the development of mechanisms and organic supplementation of an effective state policy for ensuring the social security of citizens.