bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a ferritin-based nanoparticle vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
Authors: Tai Wanbo , Chai Benjie , Feng Shengyong , Zhuang Xinyu , Ma Jun , Pang Mujia , Pan Lin , Yang Zi , Tian Mingyao , Cheng Gong
Published: March 2022

A new SARS-CoV-2 variant named Omicron (B.1.1.529) discovered initially in South Africa has recently been proposed as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization, because of its high transmissibility and resistance to current vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. Therefore, rapid development of vaccines against prevalent variants including Omicron is urgently needed for COVID-19 prevention. Here, we designed a self-assembling ferritin-based nanoparticle (FNP) vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The purified Fc-RBDOmicron automatically formed a dimer depending on the nature of the Fc tag, thus assembling onto the nanoparticles by the Fc-protein A tag interaction (FNP-Fc-RBDOmicron). The results of hACE2-transgenic mice immunization showed that SARS-CoV-2 Omicron RBD-specific IgG titer induced by FNP-Fc-RBDOmicron was much higher than that by Fc-RBDOmicron. Consistently, the sera showed a higher neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 in the FNP-Fc-RBDOmicron immunized mice, indicating that immunization of a self-assembling ferritin-based nanoparticle vaccine offers a robust humoral immune response against Omicron variants. This study offers a great potential for the quick response of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and affords versatility to develop universal vaccines against other emerging and reemerging coronaviruses in the future.
Human myelin proteolipid protein structure and lipid bilayer stacking
Authors: Ruskamo Salla , Raasakka Arne , Pedersen Jan Skov , Martel Anne , Škubník Karel , Darwish Tamim , Porcar Lionel , Kursula Petri
Published: March 2022

The myelin sheath is an essential, multilayered membrane structure that insulates axons, enabling the rapid transmission of nerve impulses. The tetraspan myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) is the most abundant protein of compact myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). The integral membrane protein PLP adheres myelin membranes together and enhances the compaction of myelin, having a fundamental role in myelin stability and axonal support. PLP is linked to severe CNS neuropathies, including inherited Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and spastic paraplegia type 2, as well as multiple sclerosis. Nevertheless, the structure, lipid interaction properties, and membrane organization mechanisms of PLP have remained unidentified. We expressed, purified, and structurally characterized human PLP and its shorter isoform DM20. Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering revealed a dimeric, α-helical conformation for both PLP and DM20 in detergent complexes, and pinpoint structural variations between the isoforms and their influence on protein function. In phosphatidylcholine membranes, reconstituted PLP and DM20 spontaneously induced formation of multilamellar myelin-like membrane assemblies. Cholesterol and sphingomyelin enhanced the membrane organization but were not crucial for membrane stacking. Electron cryomicroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction experiments for membrane-embedded PLP/DM20 illustrated effective membrane stacking and ordered organization of membrane assemblies with a repeat distance in line with CNS myelin. Our results shed light on the 3D structure of myelin PLP and DM20, their structure-function differences, as well as fundamental protein-lipid interplay in CNS compact myelin.
Improving the magnet alignment of undulator systems by laser interferometer
Authors: Mohd Khan Saif , Mishra G.
Published: March 2022

The issue of intrinsic-type misalignment errors arising from angular offsets between magnets in an undulator is addressed. A random tilt of the magnets or poles generates undesirable magnetic field components in both transverse and longitudinal directions and gives rise to errors in period lengths and amplitudes. These localized errors are carried to the entire undulator segments and are a cause of concern for precision field integral and phase error estimates. A laser interferometer has been designed to read the offsets and to fix the magnets to minimize the offsets.
Overcoming challenges faced by digital entrepreneurs: a design thinking approach
Authors: Lamba Paramjit Singh , Jain Neera
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The swift emergence of digital entrepreneurs since the pandemic began motivated us to study how these individuals have overcome challenges in such a dynamic, highly competitive landscape. Emergent themes were mapped using a design thinking approach for understanding these entrepreneurs’ actions during the early days of their start-up organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

We selected a purposive sample of 24 digital business founders whose ventures were less than two years old from various domains. Manual thematic analysis was conducted to arrive at the themes, and the design thinking approach helped us to conceptualize the integrative model.

Findings

We arrived at six themes for understanding how digital entrepreneurs overcame the challenges they faced. We traced four of these themes to the existing literature, and two were newly emergent themes.

Practical implications

Given the findings of this study, practitioners may benefit from leveraging a design thinking approach before initiating their entrepreneurial journeys. This study may additionally propel the interest of founders seeking to grow their businesses into larger organizations across geographical regions.

Originality/value

This in-depth qualitative study is among the earliest to explore ways to overcome the challenges digital entrepreneurs face during the early stages of their ventures. The theoretical contributions of this paper are in the application of design thinking and the creation of a conceptual model in the field of digital entrepreneurship.
Exploring digitalisation at IKEA
Authors: Hagberg Johan , Jonsson Anna
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The paper aims to clarify how an incumbent retail organisation explores digitalisation for its existing business.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws from an in-depth case study of home-furnishing retail giant, IKEA conducted with semi-structured interviews, participant observations and document analyses.

Findings

In the exploration phase of digitalisation, three major activities – interpreting, interrelating and integrating – illuminate how the exploration process can be organised in practice.

Originality/value

Although digitalisation ranks amongst the most significant ongoing transformations in retail businesses, research on how incumbent retail organisations have engaged in exploring digitalisation in practice has remained scarce. The paper contributes insights into digitalisation processes in retail businesses that may also apply to other trends affecting the retail industry.
Perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty in a World Heritage Site Alhambra and Generalife (Granada, Spain)
Authors: Valverde-Roda José , Moral-Cuadra Salvador , Aguilar-Rivero Minerva , Solano-Sánchez Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to replicate a model already proven in previous research in this field. This will make it possible to explain the possible relationships that may occur among the motivations, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty of the tourist towards the Alhambra and Generalife inscribed as World Heritage Site (WHS) in 1984.

Design/methodology/approach

From a dataset containing 1,612 surveys, a model a model based on structural equations has been carried out through SmartPLS software, focus the analysis on the model dependent variables’ predictive power, as well as the size of the effect and the statistical inference of the structural relationships.

Findings

The main conclusions include the influence of perceived value on satisfaction as well as the influence of the latter on loyalty. it is remarkable the effect that the perceived value has on satisfaction, and satisfaction on loyalty. This implies that a positive assessment of world heritage destinations leads a subsequent loyalty to them.

Practical implications

The results obtained in this research can be used as a starting point for the establishment of new strategies for the promotion of the destination in terms of tourism and heritage.

Originality/value

The inclusion in the list of WHS is recognition in terms of material and historical quality, as well as a stimulus for tourism because it increases the number of visits to the destination. Several studies carried out in these types of destinations have shown the existence of a relationship between motivations, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty. However, there are no previous studies carried out in the Alhambra and the Generalife that sustain this relationship. This work makes a contribution that completes the academic literature on the study of the emotional bonds between the historical and monumental heritage and the tourist who visits it and its behaviour.
Formalizing the strategic product deletion decision: incorporating multiple stakeholder views
Authors: Golrizgashti Seyedehfatemeh , Zhu Qingyun , Sarkis Joseph
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Market uncertainties require organizations to consistently revisit their product portfolio. Theoretically the link between corporate strategy, supply chain and operations for Product Deletion (PD) decisions is lacking. The purpose of this study is to develop a decision support tool that enables managers to evaluate PD decisions across business, supply chain strategies and customer considerations; rationalizing product portfolio variety while realizing long-term organizational competitiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to formalize PD decision-making across multiple functional strategy perspectives. Manufacturing, supply chain, finance and marketing functions are included along with incorporating multiple stakeholder voices from multiple organizational levels—including top-management team members, cross-functional managers and customers. A case study application is conducted using an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) perspective.

Findings

The interrelationships between business, supply chain strategies and customer requirements are identified, along with tensions and tradeoffs using a series of “houses” or relationship matrices. The methodology provides managers with a decision support tool that can be flexible and applicable to aid sound PD decision-making incorporating multiple stakeholders.

Originality/value

Product decisions at the decline stage—for example product retirement or deletion—are neglected both in research and in practice. Having a formalized systematic process can make PD outcomes more objective. The proposed QFD approach is one of the early PD decision support tools—products can be deleted for strategic, operational and customer-related reasons, and the hierarchical interrelationships among various reasons need to be carefully managed to ensure sound product portfolio rationalization.
How can we achieve better e-Learning success in the new normal?
Authors: Kim Sodam , Lee Jumin , Yoon Sang-Hyeak , Kim Hee-Woong
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to propose and validate a model for e-Learning success based on students’ experiences in the “new normal.” To achieve this goal, this study focused on answering three research questions: (1) What are the students’ experiential factors that impact e-Learning? (2) How do these experiential factors affect e-Learning success? (3) In what ways does a multimethod provide a comprehensive perspective and an in-depth understanding of students’ e-Learning experiences in the new normal?

Design/methodology/approach

This study applied a mixed-methods sequential approach using exploratory, confirmatory and complementary studies. First, this study undertook a text-mining exploratory analysis of the review data to extract e-Learning topics. Then, based on the Information Systems (IS) success model, this study identified an integrated framework drawn from the results of the text-mining analysis. Second, this study proposed an e-Learning, experience-based success model and corresponding hypotheses and conducted a confirmatory study with surveys to validate the model. Third, this study conducted in-depth interviews to better identify the phenomenon of interest.

Findings

The five factors extracted from the first stage are system quality, lecture content, teaching quality, online interaction and achievement. This study subsequently confirmed the significant relationships between the e-Learning success factors in the second stage based on the IS success model. Finally, a complementary study identified the importance of interactivity for e-Learning success in the new normal.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to develop an e-Learning success model using a comprehensive mixed-methods approach.
The impact of organizational ostracism on knowledge hiding: analysing the sequential mediating role of efficacy needs and psychological distress
Authors: Bhatti Sabeen Hussain , Hussain Maryam , Santoro Gabriele , Culasso Francesca
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Drawing on the conservation of resources theory and need-threat model, this study aims to analyse the mediating role of efficacy needs (EN) and psychological distress (PD) on the relationship between workplace ostracism (WO) and knowledge hiding (KH) behaviour of employees.

Design/methodology/approach

Time-lagged data were collected from 225 employees working in the mobile telecommunication sector through online survey instruments prepared in light of past literature. SmartPLS3 was used to analyse the data.

Findings

The results obtained confirm the initial hypothesis that there exists a positive relationship between WO and KH. Furthermore, the results also established the sequential mediating roles of EN and PD between WO and KH behaviour of employees.

Originality/value

This study adds to the literature suggesting that WO represents a real threat to companies that aim to foster knowledge-sharing behaviours. Moreover, it reveals that EN and PD are two underlying mechanisms behind the baseline relationship.
Are red managers greener? The relationship of communist CEOs and corporate environmental responsibility in China
Authors: Su Ya , Zhang Lu
Published: March 2022

Purpose

As China's only ruling party, will the Communist Party influence corporate decisions? The purpose of this paper is to examine whether and how the political ideology of CEOs affects the environmental responsibility of Chinese family firms and its effects on Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER), in addition to a cohesive set of corporate governance contingency factors.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses a series of the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression estimates and two-stage approach to examine four main hypotheses, based on 7,824 observations corresponding to 1,919 family firms in China from 2004 to 2015.

Findings

The study's findings show that CEOs imprinted with communist ideology are significantly positively related to CER in family firms, that the moderating role of ownership concentration is not significant, that board independence positively moderates the focal relationship and that CEO duality negatively moderates this relationship.

Originality/value

The paper expands the research of CEOs' political ideology to the ecological context, which are of significance to both theory and practice.
Micro-, meso- and macro-level determinants of stock price crash risk: a systematic survey of literature
Authors: Ali Waris , Wilson Jeffrey , Husnain Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This article conducts a thorough review and synthesis of the empirical research on the antecedents of stock price crash risk to ascertain the macro-, meso- and micro-level determinants contributing to stock price crashes.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors systematically reviewed 85 empirical papers published in ABS-ranked journals to assess the macro-, meso- and micro-level determinants causing stock price crashes.

Findings

The findings indicate that macroeconomic factors such as corporate governance, political and legal factors, socioeconomic indicators and religious beliefs have an effect on firm-level corporate behavior contributing to stock price crash risk. At a meso-level customer concentration, industry-level characteristics, media coverage, structural features of ownership and behavioral factors have a substantial effect on stock price crash risk. Finally, micro-level variables influencing stock market crash risk include CEO qualities and compensation, business policies, earnings management, financial transparency, managerial characteristics and firm-specific variables.

Research limitations/implications

Based on our analysis we identify priority areas for future research.

Originality/value

This is a seminal work using a multilevel framework to categorize the determinants of stock price crashes into micro-, meso- and macro-level factors.
Does intraorganizational competition prompt or hinder performance? The risks for proactive employees who hide knowledge
Authors: Sofyan Yunita , De Clercq Dirk , Shang Yufan
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study examines whether employees' perceptions of intraorganizational competition, defined as beliefs that the organization evaluates their performance in comparison with others, result in lower supervisor ratings of their conscientiousness if the employees, particularly those with proactive personalities, respond to the resource-draining, competitive work situation with knowledge hiding behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Multisource data were collected from employees and supervisors in different industries at three points in time. The research hypotheses were tested with hierarchical multiple regression analysis, in combination with PROCESS macro-based bootstrapping, to assess mediation and moderated mediation.

Findings

Beliefs about highly competitive organizational climates are counterproductive, in that they lead employees to conceal knowledge intentionally from other organizational members. This mediating role of knowledge concealment is particularly prominent among employees with a strong desire to take the initiative to protect themselves against the hardships created by a climate of internal competition.

Research limitations/implications

The research design does not allow for formal tests of causality.

Practical implications

For human resource managers, this research pinpoints self-protective knowledge hiding as a key, detrimental mechanism. It imposes dual harms: employees feel threatened by the strict performance-oriented climate, and their defensive reactions make them appear less conscientious to supervisors. This downward spiral is particularly likely to initiate among employees who exhibit a disposition toward action.

Originality/value

This research investigates novel connections between specific organizational elements and outcomes, by specifying why and when employees' beliefs about performance-oriented organizational climates might backfire, due to their negative behavioral responses, such as purposeful knowledge hiding.
A new strategy to integrate silver nanowires with waterborne coating to improve their antimicrobial and antiviral properties
Authors: Sharaf Mohamed H. , Nagiub Adham M. , Salem Salem S. , Kalaba Mohamed H. , El Fakharany Esmail M. , Abd El-Wahab Hamada
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to focus on the preparation and characterization of the silver nanowire (AgNWs), as well as their application as antimicrobial and antivirus activities either with incorporation on the waterborne coating formulation or on their own.

Design/methodology/approach

Prepared AgNWs are characterized by different analytical instruments, such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction spectrometer. All the paint formulation's physical and mechanical qualities were tested using American Society for Testing and Materials, a worldwide standard test procedure. The biological activities of the prepared AgNWs and the waterborne coating based on AgNWs were investigated. And, their effects on pathogenic bacteria, antioxidants, antiviral activity and cytotoxicity were also investigated.

Findings

The obtained results of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the paint formulation demonstrated the formulations' greatest performance, as well as giving good scrub resistance and film durability. In the antimicrobial activity, the paint did not have any activity against bacterial pathogen, whereas the AgNWs and AgNWs with paint have similar activity against bacterial pathogen with inhibition zone range from 10 to 14 mm. The development of antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity of the paint incorporated with AgNWs were also observed. The cytopathic effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were reduced in all three investigated modes of action when compared to the positive control group (HSV-1-infected cells), suggesting that these compounds have promising antiviral activity against a wide range of viruses, including DNA and RNA viruses.

Originality/value

The new waterborne coating based on nanoparticles has the potential to be promising in the manufacturing and development of paints, allowing them to function to prevent the spread of microbial infection, which is exactly what the world requires at this time.
Bubble contagion effect between the main precious metals
Authors: Maghyereh Aktham , Abdoh Hussein
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study examines the extent to which gold and silver bubbles are correlated and which metal’s bubble spills over to the other. In addition, the overlap in bubble-like episodes for the two metals is demonstrated and the influence of crises (global financial crises, European debt crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic) on the development of these episodes is compared.

Design/methodology/approach

This study proposes a two-step approach. In the first step, price bubbles are identified based on the backward sup augmented Dickey–Fuller of Phillips et al. (2015a, 2015b) and modified by Phillips and Shi (2018). In the second step, the correlation in the contagion effect of the bubbles between the two precious metal prices is measured using a nonparametric regression with a time-varying coefficient approach developed by Greenaway-McGrevy and Phillips (2016).

Findings

The findings suggest that the safe-haven property of gold and silver during financial market turbulence induces excessive price increases beyond their fundamental values. Furthermore, the results indicate that bubbles are contagious among precious metal markets and flow mainly from gold to silver; these findings are associated with the period after 2005, particularly during the global financial crisis. A contagious bubble effect is not found between gold and silver during the coronavirus disease 2020 pandemic.

Practical implications

The results suggest that financial market participants should consider portfolio weights in precious markets in light of the bubble correlation between gold and silver, especially during crises.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that explores the correlation of bubble-like episodes between gold and silver.
Attitudes toward and willingness to work with older people and its predicting factor among medical science students in Iran
Authors: Rashidi Fatemeh , Azadi Arman
Published: March 2022

Purpose

As the aging population increases steadily, the demands for specialized nurses and geriatricians willing to work in geriatric settings will probably explode. Accordingly, the medical sciences students’ attitude toward older adults and their willingness to work with them must be determined. This study aims to determine the medical sciences students’ attitude toward older people and its relationship with their willingness to work with this population. In addition, it sought to determine the variables that could predict students’ attitudes toward the elderly.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional design using a stratified random sampling method was used to recruit a sample of 305 Iranian medical sciences students with a response rate of 97.4%. The instruments for data collection were composed of three parts: socio-demographic characteristics of participants, Kogan’s Attitudes toward Old People Scale and the Willingness to Work with Elderly People Scale (WEPS). Data were analyzed in SPSS version 23 (IBM SPSS statistics 23.0).

Findings

The participants’ mean (SD) age was 22.95 (2.53). Most of them (69%) were women, and 51% were nursing students. The findings showed that 70% of students had a slightly positive attitude toward the elderly and only 12.8% of them declared geriatric setting as their workplace preference in the future. Experience of volunteering activities with elders, WEPS score, workplace preference after graduation and gender were the predictors of medical science students’ attitudes toward the elderly.

Originality/value

This paper further develops previous research on the attitudes of Iranian medical sciences students toward older adults.
Temporal changes in plant–soil feedback effects on microbial networks, leaf metabolomics and plant–insect interactions
Authors: Huberty Martine , Steinauer Katja , Heinen Robin , Jongen Renske , Hannula S. Emilia , Choi Young Hae , Bezemer T. Martijn
Published: March 2022

The importance of plant–soil feedbacks (PSF) for above‐ground and below‐ground multitrophic interactions is well recognized. However, most studies only condition soil for a short time before testing the feedback response. Here we investigate the influence of time of conditioning on soil microbiome composition, plant growth and metabolomics, and plant–insect interactions. We used soil collected from large outdoor mesocosms with monocultures of six species and investigated the temporal changes in the soil over a full year.

Every 2 months, we assessed the legacy effects of the soils on plant growth of one of the species (Jacobaea vulgaris) in a climate‐controlled chamber. Each time we used tissue culture plants that were genetically identical. We also measured leaf herbivore performance and leaf metabolomes, as well as the abiotic and biotic soil properties.

We show that the monoculture soils harboured different microbiomes, but that these varied over time. Growth of the test plants also varied over time and plants grew consistently less well in their own soil. The soil legacy effects on the leaf metabolome were less consistent and varied strongly over time. Networking analysis showed that soil bacteria had stronger effects on the leaf metabolome than fungi early on. However, after 12 months of conditioning, only soil fungal community composition explained the metabolomic profiles of the leaves. Insect herbivory was not affected by soil conditioning, but decreased with increasing time of conditioning.

Synthesis. Our results show that the biomass response of the test plants to soil conditioning remained consistent throughout the year, even though both the soil microbiome and leaf metabolomic responses to conditioned soil varied greatly over time. These soil‐induced changes in the metabolome of plants over time can be an important driver of above‐ground multitrophic interactions in nature. Our study demonstrates that the duration of conditioning has a strong impact on plant and soil properties, which highlights that temporal variation is an important aspect to consider in future studies investigating plant–soil interactions.
A longitudinal study of aroma evolution in coffee‐flavoured milk using gas chromatography–olfactometry
Authors: Pandohee Jessica , Thornton Megan , Keast Russell
Published: March 2022

This paper provides a longitudinal assessment of aroma evolution of coffee‐flavoured milk over a four‐week period using gas chromatography–olfactometry. A total of 52, 48, 55 and 48 aroma‐active compounds were perceived in week 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Across the four weeks, 90 unique compounds were detected. Of those 90 compounds, it was found that 64 contributed to a ‘pleasant’ aroma and18 to a ‘disagreeable’ aroma. The work presented in this paper will be of interest to food scientists working with dairy products, with an interest in flavour development throughout shelf‐life from a sensory perspective.
Effect of total and differential somatic cell count on yield, composition and predicted coagulation properties from individual dairy cows
Authors: Mariani Elena , Cipolat‐Gotet Claudio , Stefanon Bruno , Zecconi Alfonso , Stocco Giorgia , Sandri Misa , Ablondi Michela , Mountricha Maria , Summer Andrea
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of interaction between total (SCC) and differential somatic cell count (DSCC) on milk yield, composition and coagulation traits from individual dairy cows. A total of 159 224 test‐day records (daily milk yield, composition and coagulation traits) have been collected during a period of 14 months from 12 849 Holstein‐Friesian and 9275 Simmental cows farmed in 223 herds. The interaction between somatic cell traits was highly significant for almost all the evaluated traits. This study showed that the combined use of SCC and DSCC can be employed for assessing the performances of dairy cows and for monitoring the improvement of milk quality.
Examination of canalis sinuosus using cone beam computed tomography in an Australian population
Authors: Yeap Chee Wei , Danh Dara , Chan Julius , Parashos Peter
Published: March 2022

Background

Canalis sinuosus (CS) and its relationship with adjacent teeth is relevant for surgery in the anterior maxilla. Therefore, the aim of this study was to report the prevalence, characteristics and variations of CS.

Methods

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the anterior maxilla of 201 patients were reviewed. CS and the adjacent teeth were analysed by age, gender and scan resolution, using analysis of variance, Chi‐squared and Fisher’s exact tests. The widest and narrowest diameters of CS, and distance to tooth apex (DTA), were compared by quadrant, closest tooth and location, and the associations were examined statistically withP < 0.05.

Results

In the 201 scans, 412 CS were identified in 198 patients associated with 395 different teeth. Mean widest diameter was 1.08 ± 0.39 mm (range: 0.42–2.60 mm), while the narrowest diameter was 0.71 ± 0.26 mm (range: 0.25–1.59 mm); and mean DTA of 2.16 ± 1.25 mm (range: 0–6.22 mm). CS detection was significantly lower with CBCT taken at resolution size of 0.250 voxels (P = 0.02).

Conclusions

CS was very common in the anterior maxilla. Clinicians would be well advised to identify this anatomical structure using CBCT before undertaking any surgery in the anterior maxilla. © 2022 Australian Dental Association
Critical Hip Hop Pedagogy, Moral Ambiguity, and Social Technologies
Authors: Ringsager Kristine , Madsen Lian Malai
Published: March 2022

This article investigates hip hop activists within different organizational structures and their approach to hip hop as cultural form in itself, their cultural assumptions and educational ideologies as well as their relationship to institutional education, the music market and the citizen formation related to the Danish state’s integration projects. We argue that while hip hop has certainly proven to be a fruitful alternative to traditional educational practices, it also involves its own dilemmas and challenges.
Human development and decentralization: The importance of public health expenditure
Authors: Miranda‐Lescano Ronald , Muinelo‐Gallo Leonel , Roca‐Sagalés Oriol
Published: March 2022

In this article, we empirically analyze the impact of central and subnational government spending on human development in a sample of 57 developed and developing countries over the period 2000–18. Specifically, we focus on the effects of health and education public expenditure on the Human Development Index (HDI) and its dimensions (life expectancy, education, and income). Applying data panel analysis, our empirical evidence shows the importance of central and subnational government health expenditure positively impacting on HDI and each of its components, while in the case of the education expenditure, this positive effect is only confirmed on the educational dimension of HDI. Our study shows how governments can stimulate human development, improving the well‐being of citizens, by allocating more resources to healthcare through the different administrative levels.
Mild neoterminal ileal post‐operative recurrence of Crohn’s disease conveys higher risk for severe endoscopic disease progression than isolated anastomotic lesions
Authors: Bachour Salam P. , Shah Ravi S. , Lyu Ruishen , Rieder Florian , Qazi Taha , Lashner Bret , Achkar Jean Paul , Philpott Jessica , Barnes Edward L. , Axelrad Jordan , Holubar Stefan D. , Lightner Amy L. , Regueiro Miguel , Cohen Benjamin L. , Click Benjamin H.
Published: March 2022

There are conflicting data assessing the impact of isolated post‐operative anastomotic inflammation on future disease progression. The aim of this study was to determine the relative risk of severe disease progression in post‐operative Crohn’s disease (CD) patients with isolated anastomotic disease.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of adult CD patients undergoing ileocolonic resection between 2009 and 2020. Patients with a post‐operative ileocolonoscopy ≤18 months from surgery and ≥1 subsequent ileocolonoscopy were included. Disease activity was assessed using the modified Rutgeerts’ score (RS). Primary outcome was severe endoscopic progression, defined as i3 or i4 disease, on immediate subsequent ileocolonoscopy and during entire post‐operative follow‐up. Secondary outcome was surgical recurrence.

Results

One hundred and ninety‐nine CD patients had an ileocolonoscopy ≤18 months from surgery, index RS of i0‐i2b and ≥1 subsequent ileocolonoscopy. At index ileocolonoscopy, 34.7% had i0 disease, 16.1% i1, 24.6% i2a and 24.6% i2b. On multivariable logistic regression, i2b disease was associated with severe endoscopic progression compared to i0 or i1 (aOR 5.53; P < 0.001) and i2a disease patients (aOR 2.63; P = 0.03). However, i2a disease did not confer increased risk compared to i0 or i1 disease (P = 0.09). Furthermore, i2b patients experienced severe endoscopic progression significantly earlier than i0 or i1 disease (aHR 4.68; P < 0.001), whereas i2a disease did not differ from i0 or i1 disease (P = 0.25). Surgical recurrence was not associated with index RS i0‐i2b (P = 0.86).

Conclusion

Post‐operative ileal disease recurrence, not isolated anastomotic inflammation, confers increased risk for severe endoscopic disease progression. Location of CD recurrence may impact optimal management strategies.
Does recipient body mass index inform donor selection for allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation?
Authors: Abou‐Ismail Mouhamed Yazan , Fraser Raphael , Allbee‐Johnson Mariam , Metheny Leland , Ravi Gayathri , Ahn Kwang Woo , Bhatt Neel S. , Lazarus Hillard M. , de Lima Marcos , El Jurdy Najla , Hematti Peiman , Beitinjaneh Amer M. , Nishihori Taiga , Badawy Sherif M. , Sharma Akshay , Pasquini Marcelo C. , Savani Bipin N. , Sorror Mohamed L. , Stadtmauer Edward A. , Chhabra Saurabh
Published: March 2022

It is not known whether obesity has a differential effect on allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation outcomes with alternative donor types. We report the results of a retrospective registry study examining the effect of obesity [body mass index (BMI) > 30] on outcomes with alternative donors (haploidentical related donor with two or more mismatches and receiving post‐transplant cyclophosphamide [haplo] and cord blood (CBU)] versus matched unrelated donor (MUD). Adult patients receiving haematopoietic cell transplantation for haematologic malignancy (2013–2017) (N = 16 182) using MUD (n = 11 801), haplo (n = 2894) and CBU (n = 1487) were included. The primary outcome was non‐relapse mortality (NRM). The analysis demonstrated a significant, non‐linear interaction between pretransplant BMI and the three donor groups for NRM: NRM risk was significantly higher with CBU compared to haplo at BMI 25–30 [hazard ratio (HR) 1.66–1.71, p < 0.05] and MUD transplants at a BMI of 25–45 (HR, 1.61–3.47, p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that NRM and survival outcomes are worse in overweight and obese transplant recipients (BMI ≥ 25) with one alternative donor type over MUD, although obesity does not appear to confer a uniform differential mortality risk with one donor type over the other. BMI may serve as a criterion for selecting a donor among the three (MUD, haplo and CBU) options, if matched sibling donor is not available.
Immune response and adverse events after vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 in adult patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia
Authors: Delaporta Polyxeni , Terpos Evangelos , Solomou Elena E. , Gumeni Sentiljana , Nitsa Evangelia , Apostolakou Filia , Kyriakopoulou Dimitra , Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos Ioannis , Papassotiriou Ioannis , Trougakos Ioannis P. , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Kattamis Antonis
Published: March 2022

Patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia (TDT) are considered an at increased‐risk population for severe and/or morbid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection. Timely vaccination is the main preventive method for severe COVID‐19. Different adverse events and reactions after vaccination have been reported, with severe ones being extremely rare. Patients with TDT may have altered immunity due to chronic transfusions, iron overload and chelation therapy, and splenic dysfunction. Here, we show that adult patients with TDT following vaccination with the novel messenger RNA vaccines have mild adverse events and can produce protective antibodies comparable to the healthy population.
P2X2 receptor subunit interfaces are missense variant hotspots, where mutations tend to increase apparent ATP affinity
Authors: Gasparri Federica , Sarkar Debayan , Bielickaite Sarune , Poulsen Mette Homann , Hauser Alexander Sebastian , Pless Stephan Alexander
Published: March 2022

Background and Purpose

P2X receptors are trimeric ligand‐gated ion channels that open a cation‐selective pore in response to ATP binding to their large extracellular domain. The seven known P2X subtypes can assemble as homotrimeric or heterotrimeric complexes and contribute to numerous physiological functions, including nociception, inflammation and hearing. The overall structure of P2X receptors is well established, but little is known about the range and prevalence of human genetic variations and the functional implications of specific domains.

Experimental Approach

Here, we examine the impact of P2X2 receptor inter‐subunit interface missense variants identified in the human population or by structural predictions. We test both single and double mutants through electrophysiological and biochemical approaches.

Key Results

We demonstrate that predicted extracellular domain inter‐subunit interfaces display a higher‐than‐expected density of missense variations and that the majority of mutations that disrupt putative inter‐subunit interactions result in channels with higher apparent ATP affinity. Lastly, we show that double mutants at the subunit interface show significant energetic coupling, especially if located in close proximity.

Conclusion and Implications

We provide the first structural mapping of the mutational distribution across the human population in a ligand‐gated ion channel and show that the density of missense mutations is constrained between protein domains, indicating evolutionary selection at the domain level. Our data may indicate that, unlike other ligand‐gated ion channels, P2X2 receptors have evolved an intrinsically high threshold for activation, possibly to allow for additional modulation or as a cellular protection mechanism against overstimulation.
The gravity of experience
Authors: Dutt Pushan , Maria Santacreu Ana , Traça Daniel A.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we establish the importance of experience in international trade in reducing unmeasured trade costs and facilitating bilateral trade. We find a strong role for experience, measured in years of positive trade, for both aggregate and sectoral bilateral trade. In an augmented gravity framework, with a very comprehensive set of fixed effects and trend variables, we find that a 1% increase in experience at the country‐pair level increases bilateral exports by 0.417% and reduces trade costs by 0.105%. Non‐parametric estimates imply that nine years of experience is equivalent to a country pair joining a preferential trading area. We show that experience matters more for country pairs that are distant, non‐contiguous, do not share a common language, lack colonial links and legal ties to one another. Subsequently, we construct microfounded measures of trade costs and show how these decline with the accumulation of experience. Our results are consistent with experience reducing the bilateral unmeasured variable costs of trade and experience shared across firms and industries.
A novel approach for recipe prediction of fabric dyeing based on feature‐weighted support vector regression and particle swarm optimisation
Authors: Li Feng , Chen Caiting , Mao Zhiping
Published: March 2022

Recipe prediction is one of the most critical steps in the fabric dyeing industry. The conventional Kubelka–Munk model and neural network techniques have been widely used in recipe prediction systems. However, there are some limitations to these two methods: predictions using the Kubelka–Munk model may not be robust enough; and neural networks require large amounts of training data. Therefore, this paper investigates a novel recipe prediction method for fabric dyeing based on feature‐weighted support vector regression and particle swarm optimisation. Feature‐weighted support vector regression improved with particle swarm optimisation was first developed to predict the CIELab coordinates for given dye concentrations, expressed as . Particle swarm optimisation was utilised again in the recipe prediction stage to search for the optimal recipe in an iterative process. The optimisation criterion is to minimise the colour differences (CMC [2:1]) between the CIELab value calculated by feature‐weighted support vector regression improved with particle swarm optimisation and the target CIELab of a swatch. Dyeing data based on two different fabrics (cotton and taffeta) were used in the experiment. The proposed method revealed good results with a slight average colour difference between the target and reproduced colours. The absolute percentage errors in predicting concentrations were less than 5% in most of our experimental recipes. In addition, the comparative experimental results illustrate that our method had higher accuracy and better practical applicability than other methods.
Role of local communities in the social network of the protected area management
Authors: Pereira Joana , Santos Maria João , Rosalino Luís Miguel
Published: March 2022

Biodiversity conservation traditionally necessitates setting aside land, which frequently impacts local communities. Although progress has been made on how to optimize this process, conflict frequently emerges when conservation and community goals are at odds. Improving communication and community inclusiveness in decision‐making processes is strongly recommended to achieve livelihood goals and conservation outcomes. We used social network analysis to understand how local communities are embedded within the structure and dynamics of stakeholder interactions in Quirimbas National Park (Mozambique). We detected a network of limited cooperation that lacks bidirectional communication, displaying low average knowledge transfer but high bonding across stakeholder groups with similar perceptions. Local communities only interact with the district government and they have a passive voice in the system. A more inclusive network structure is needed so that conservation and community livelihood goals can be achieved.
One‐year cognitive follow‐up of COVID‐19 hospitalized patients
Authors: Ferrucci Roberta , Dini Michelangelo , Rosci Chiara , Capozza Antonella , Groppo Elisabetta , Reitano Maria R. , Allocco Elisa , Poletti Barbara , Brugnera Agostino , Bai Francesca , Monti Alessia , Ticozzi Nicola , Silani Vincenzo , Centanni Stefano , D’Arminio Monforte Antonella , Tagliabue Luca , Priori Alberto
Published: March 2022

Background and purpose

Cognitive dysfunction has been observed following recovery from COVID‐19. To the best of our knowledge, however, no study has assessed the progression of cognitive impairment after 1 year. The aim was to assess cognitive functioning at 1 year from hospital discharge, and eventual associations with specific clinical variables.

Methods

Seventy‐six patients (aged 22–74 years) who had been hospitalized for COVID‐19 were recruited. Patients received neuropsychological assessments at 5 (n = 76) and 12 months (n = 53) from hospital discharge.

Results

Over half (63.2%) of the patients had deficits in at least one test at 5 months. Compared to the assessment at 5 months, verbal memory, attention and processing speed improved significantly after 1 year (all p < 0.05), whereas visuospatial memory did not (all p > 0.500). The most affected domains after 1 year were processing speed (28.3%) and long‐term visuospatial (18.1%) and verbal (15.1%) memory. Lower PaO2/FiO2 ratios in the acute phase were associated with worse verbal long‐term memory (p = 0.029) and visuospatial learning (p = 0.041) at 5 months. Worse visuospatial long‐term memory at 5 months was associated with hyposmia (p = 0.020) and dysgeusia (p = 0.037).

Conclusion

Our study expands the results from previous studies showing that cognitive impairment can still be observed after 1 year. Patients with severe COVID‐19 should receive periodic cognitive follow‐up evaluations, as cognitive deficits in recovered patients could have social and occupational implications.
A knowledge‐based system for electric motors compliance verification in a multinational‐level company
Authors: Ziegler Haselein Bruno , da Silva Jonny Carlos
Published: March 2022

Electric motors are highly customizable products that have to meticulously comply with the client's needs, commercial and legal requirements of each market. In this context, the configure‐to‐order (CTO) approach allows the user to define the product configuration at the time of the order and the supplier to develop a product that meets the customer's needs. This paper presents an object‐oriented knowledge‐based system (OOKBS) that integrates rule‐ and case‐based reasoning to verify the compliance of a variant‐rich and complex product—electric motors—in a multinational‐level company. The system adopts a modular structure to evaluate distinct compliance aspects, such as technical constraints and commercial requirements, and to improve the compliance assessment based on the designs of motors previously sold. The work targeted a product line with significant market share in North America, and is the result of a collaboration among the following teams: product compliance, international sales, engineering systems, and product engineering. In total, the system development involved nine experts from these areas. This study has the originality of presenting a product configuration system (PCS) that integrates rule‐based and case‐based approaches to verify the compliance of a modular product. The results indicate a reduction of 73% of internal technical queries within the prototype scope. Moreover, the system usability tests highlight the completeness of outcomes, quick access to information, and easy integration of automatic product compliance verification into the company's design flow. Furthermore, we discussed how the system was effectively implemented in a design routine based on both concurrent engineering and CTO scenarios.