bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic literature review on the holistic integration of e-learning in universities: Policy, human, financial, and technical perspectives
Authors: Hu Kai , Raman Arumugam
Published: February 2024

This systematic literature review (SLR) explores the integration of e-learning in universities, emphasizing a comprehensive approach that intertwines various mainstream perspectives. Despite numerous studies on e-learning implementation evaluation, few have holistically considered financial, human, technical, and policy factors. This review used PRISMA guidelines and sources from Scopus, Google Scholar, ERIC, SAGE, and ProQuest. Of 26 analyzed studies, seven core themes emerged: Policy, financial, technical, human, institutional factors, others, and an integrated perspective, further distilled into 13 sub-themes. Findings highlight the importance of an integrative framework for evaluating e-learning, underscoring the interplay between macro and institutional policies. Additionally, the authors recommend cross-national comparisons and data synthesis from stakeholders, including students, educators and directors, to fully grasp e-learning implementation dynamics. Distinctively, it adopts an integrated perspective, filling the research gap by emphasizing overlooked financial considerations and presenting a comprehensive view through an SLR. By drawing insights from human, finance, technical, and policy perspective, the study provides a multidimensional lens on e-learning. This forward-looking approach not only captures the current state of e-learning integration but also charts future research directions, establishing its originality and significance in higher education.
Demographic and school factors associated with digital competences in higher education students
Authors: Glasserman-Morales Leonardo David , Alcantar-Nieblas Carolina , Sisto Marcela Inés
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, digital competencies encompass skills and attitudes with technical, informational, content, media, and communication aspects that are crucial for students and future professionals. Hence, there is a need to investigate the possible correlations between demographic and contextual variables and the development of digital competencies in higher education. This paper reports on several university-student demographic factors associated with digital competencies. The work used a quantitative approach with descriptive statistical techniques such as a means test and Pearson correlation analysis. The findings identified that (a) there are statistically significant differences between the mean obtained in the previous semester in digital competencies and the gender of the students, (b) there are no statistically significant differences in the final mean for digital competencies and the students’ institution of origin, and (c) the variables included in the study are statistically significant. They also found that the mean attained by the university students in the previous semester had a strong predictive power of student performance; in contrast, the student’s high school institution of origin variable was a weak predictor of their digital competency. This paper presents the findings and implications for practice and research.
On Smrti
Authors: Jarow E.H. Rick
Published: February 2024

“April is the cruelest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing memory and desire… ” So, begins T.S. Eliot’s iconic poem, “The Wasteland,” challenging the memory of Chaucer’s April from Canterbury Tales, as being a delightful month to go on pilgrimage. Platonic teachings emphasize that you don’t create, you just remember. Might the inverse might also be true, “You don’t remember, you just create.” As the oneirocritic, Robert Bosnak, contends, you do not actually remember your dreams. You remember your memory you recreate the dream in this time. Since the challenges of post-modernism, this is no longer a far-fetched idea. The eminent historian of immigration, Deborah Dash Moore, defines history in this regard, as “a search for a plausible narrative.” “History” is not a record of what happened, but rather, is a record of what we believe happened, or what we want to believe happened. This brings to the fore Foucault’s documenting the relationship of knowledge to power, as well as Freud’s assertion that material which is unacceptable to the ego, is disguised, in order to make them palatable. This places the notion of memory in a different light. There are incidents that occurred fifty years ago that seem as if they occurred five minutes ago. The depth psychologist and champion of the imagination, James Hillman, referred to this process as “soul-making.” Back to T.S. Eliot: when he studied Sanskrit at Harvard, he was certainly aware that the Sanskrit word for memory, smara (from which smrti “that which is remembered,” is derived) is also an epithet for Kama Deva, the Indian Cupid. Hence, the mixing of memory and desire. Perhaps, in this light, the study of history, which is a form of collective memory, is also a form of mass therapy, an effort to process the collective past. Hegel and Marx both believed classical India to be an inferior civilization because it had “no history,” but collections of mythologies. Maybe classical India, however, held an awareness that all memory is myth, a word which in its early Greek form literally translates as “plot.” Jesus declares (in the Gospel story) “Let the dead bury the dead.” As the Jesus narrative exemplifies, however, burying the dead is no easy task. Perhaps our ongoing, ever-morphing narratives, allow us an oblique opportunity to connect with and process our pain. And in this theatre of memory, the goal may not be to accumulate or catalogue what has been spoken (itihasa), but look a good miller, to process the grain into its essence: from what has passed, and is passing, and is to come, into what always is. Perhaps, the pilgrimage of the mind, on its endless perigination of story, is meant to ultimately take us to love, but that may be unspeakable. Keywords: memory, desire, narrative, history, myth, power
Eğitim Kararlarını Etkileyen Etkenler: Bir Sistematik Derleme Çalışması
Authors: GÜNBEY Melike , ERİÇOK Barış , KARA Eray
Published: February 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı bireylerin eğitim kararlarını etkileyen etkenlere ilişkin Türkiye’de yapılmış çalışmaların değerlendirilmesidir. Sistematik derleme yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada 2013-2023 yılları arasında ULAKBIM, Google Scholar, ERIC, Web of Science, Scopus gibi indeks ve veri tabanlarında çalışma başlığı ile ilişkili kelimeler ve çeşitli ölçütler kullanılarak ortaya çıkan çalışmalar üzerinden tarama yapılmıştır. Sistematik derleme araştırmalarında yanlılığı azaltmak için her aşamada PRISMA kontrol listesinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan tarama sonucu 30 araştırma bu çalışmanın kapsamına alınmıştır. Bu araştırmalar elde ettikleri bulgular üzerinden sistematik bir biçimde çözümlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular bireylerin eğitim kararlarını etkileyen etkenlerin sosyo-kültürel, mesleki, bireysel ve çevresel temaları altında toplandığını göstermektedir. Sosyo-kültürel etkenlere ilişkin bulgular; anne babanın eğitim düzeyi, ailenin yıllık geliri, hanedeki kişi ve öğrenci sayısı, ailenin yaşadığı yer, kamudan eğitime ayrılan pay, çocuğun devam ettiği okul türü; mesleki etkenlere ilişkin bulgular; kişisel ve mesleki gelişim, akademik kariyer ve araştırma becerileri kazanma ve ekonomik getirisi; bireysel etkenlere ilişkin bulgular; eğitim yatırımlarında kadınların daha fazla bütçe ayırması, eğitime ilişkin farkındalık ve akademik başarı; çevresel etkenlere ilişkin bulgular; üniversitenin ünü, sunduğu olanaklar, diğer kurumlarla ilişkileri, akademik kadrosunun niteliği ve şehrin sahip olduğu fırsatların eğitim kararlarını etkileyen etkenler olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bireylerin eğitim kararlarını etkileyen etkenleri belirlemek için daha fazla çalışmaya gereksinim olduğu düşünülmektedir.
A Phenomenological Study on the Intersections of High School Students’ Educational Trajectories in Different Types of High Schools in Turkey
Authors: AKÇATEPE Ayşe Gülsüm , ÇILDIR Burcu , SEVER Mustafa
Published: February 2024

In this research, we examined the student practices of high school students in different types of high schools in Turkey in the light of Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and cultural capital. While tracing the essences of student practices with a phenomenological approach, we tried to make explicit what lies at the intersections of different types of high schools in terms of these practices and how the educational trajectories of students in these high schools are shaped and reshaped. We conducted the research in six different types of high schools in Ankara. Through a phenomenological analysis of in-depth interviews with 96 high school students and a total of seven mothers, we explored student practices and the interrelationships between habitus and cultural capital in the home and school environments. As a result of this analysis, we interpreted the essences that cut across the educational trajectories of students positioned in different types of high schools as living with the illusion of school choice, declaring the position with a sense of entitlement, engagement with cultural fields through cultural consumption habits, and utilizing sports for the presentation of self. The main result of the research shows that although students are positioned in different trajectories, the essence of their student practices does not change. We believe that this result should be explained from the perspective that the existence of different types of schools or different routes for students cannot guarantee the social mobility of individuals, but continues to serve the reproduction of all the historical and social contingencies that create these students' positionality.
ЛАТЕРАЛЬНИЙ РОЗПОДІЛ СЕРЕДНЬОГО ВМІСТУ ІЛЬМЕНІТУ В ПРОДУКТИВНИХ ВІДКЛАДАХ БУКІНСЬКОЇ ДІЛЯНКИ МЕЖИРІЧНОГО РОДОВИЩА ТИТАНОВИХ РУД
Authors: Фігура Любов , Ковальчук Мирон
Published: February 2024

У статті подано короткі відомості щодо геологічної будови й ільменітоносності різновікових і різногенетичних відкладів Букінської ділянки Межирічного родовища титанових руд, яке розташоване в межах Волинського мегаблоку, у центральній частині Коростенського плутону, у північно-східній частині Володарсько-Волинського масиву. Для дослідження рудоносності Букінської ділянки створено цільову базу даних, яка містить координати, опис і результати опробування 732 свердловин. З’ясовано, що основний рудоносний потенціал ільменіту Букінської ділянки міститься в корі вивітрювання кристалічних порід фундаменту й нижньокрейдових алювіальних відкладах (апт-альбських) іршанської світи, які виповнюють поховані річкові палеодолини та утворилися за рахунок розмиву й перевідкладення елювію. Породи мезозойського елювію та нижньо- крейдового алювію становлять основний продуктивний пласт ділянки. З розмивом на корі вивітрювання кристалічних порід фундаменту й алювіальних відкладах апту-альбу спорадично залягають верхньокрейдові (турон) узбережно-морські відклади мошно-руднянської світи. За рахунок розмиву й часткового перевідкладення ільменітоносних елювіальних і нижньокрейдових алювіальних відкладів в узбережно-морських фаціальних умовах утворення мощно-руднянської світи також містять ільменіт у значній кількості. За допомогою бази даних досліджено структурні (абсолютні відмітки поверхні, підошви й товщину відкладів) і рудні (середній уміст ільменіту) параметри різновікових і різногенетичних ільменітовмісних відкладів (мезозой-кайнозойський елювій, флювіальні континентальні відклади іршанської світи, узбережно-морські відклади мошно-руднянської світи). Досліджено напрям і силу кореляційних зв’язків між умістом ільменіту й умістом ільменіту й товщиною в різновікових і різногенетичних відкладах. На основі бази даних створено картографічні побудови, які відображають латеральний розподіл середнього вмісту ільменіту для різних варіантів поєднання різновікових і різнофаціальних ільменітоносних утворень у складі продуктивного пласта. З огляду на просторово-парагенетичний характер поширення рудоносної кори вивітрювання, алювіальних, алювіально-делювіальних та узбережно-морських відкладів, середній уміст у цих утвореннях ільменіту, уважаємо за доцільне рекомендувати експлуатаційну розробку родовища здійснювати із залученням до продуктивного пласту різногенетичних відкладів цих трьох стратиграфічних рівнів. Отримані результати є інформаційною основою для оцінювання рудоносного потенціалу, інвестиційної привабливості Букінської ділянки й наукового супроводу видобувних робіт.
Permainan Tradisional dalam Membentuk Karakter Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Asih Sekar Wiji , El-Yunusi Muhammad Yusron Maulana
Published: February 2024

Salah satu bagian dari kekayaan budaya bangsa adalah permainan tradisional. Permainan tradisional dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membantu anak-anak menjadi karakter yang belajar hanya melalui permainan. Anak-anak belajar nilai-nilai karakter seperti hormat, tanggung jawab, jujur, toleransi, dan keadilan. Nilai-nilai ini akan membantu mereka menjadi dewasa nanti. Permainan tradisional yang kita miliki sangat beragam sebab merupakan bagian dari budaya lokal dan menunjukkan nilai kearifan lokal yang dapat membantu dalam meningkatkan nilai karakter anak-anak usia 4-6 tahun. Permainan tradisional mengusung nilai-nilai seperti kejujuran, sportivitas, tanggung jawab, komitmen, kegigihan, dan gotong royong. Oleh karena itu, permainan tradisional cocok untuk membangun karakter anak-anak. Selain itu, permainan tradisional ini dapat digunakan sebagai pendekatan yang menyenangkan untuk mengajar anak-anak usia dini.
INFLUÊNCIA DE FATORES RELACIONADOS AO DESFECHO DO NEAR MISS MATERNO EM PACIENTES COM MORBIDADE GRAVE
Authors: Lima Sâmua Kelen Mendes de , Araújo Bezerra Raylla , Carneiro Jéssica Lourenço , Costa Carvalho Francisco Herlânio , Santos Monte Alana , Chaves da Costa Camila , Castro Damasceno Ana Kelve
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Verificar a influência de fatores relacionados ao desfecho do near miss materno (NMM). Método: Estudo epidemiológico, de corte transversal, com análise de dados quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 185 puérperas admitidas nas enfermarias e na UTI materna da Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand, durante o período de maio a outubro de 2017. O instrumento de coleta de dados contemplou dados de identificação, aspectos sociodemográficos, dados obstétricos, condições maternas pré-existentes, condições potencialmente ameaçadoras da vida e critérios de near miss. Foram realizados testes Qui-quadrado de independência, cálculo da Razão de chances e foi ajustado um modelo de regressão logístico. Resultados: Não foi evidenciada associação dos aspectos sociodemográficos com a ocorrência do near miss materno. Foi identificado que trabalho de parto prematuro, multiparidade e aborto prévio aumentaram as chances da ocorrência do NMM. A hemorragia pós-parto, pré-eclâmpsia grave, síndrome HELLP, trombocitopenia e cardiopatia apresentaram diferença estatística significante; entretanto, no modelo de regressão logística, apenas a pré-eclâmpsia grave e trombocitopenia mantiveram-se significantes. Conclusão: Foi evidenciado a influência dos fatores maternos multiparidade, aborto, bem como a ocorrência de complicações como trabalho de parto prematuro, pré-eclâmpsia e trombocitopenia na ocorrência do near miss materno. O que sinaliza a importância de se prevenir tais fatores, para redução da ocorrência de morbidade materna grave.
NILAI-NILAI BUDAYA SEKOLAH DI PONDOK PESANTREN TARUNA AL-QUR’AN SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Rahmah Fatimah Nur , Sutarman Sutarman , Kharisma Arrum , Purwanti Juli Astutik
Published: February 2024

Budaya pondok pesantren akan selalu melekat kuat dalam kehidupan di pesantren, karena dilakukan dengan terus menerus dan turun temurun sehingga menjadi sebuah kebiasaan dan ciri khas dari setiap pondok pesantren. Sedangkan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi Pustaka dengan jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui analisis dokumen, observasi dan diperkuat dengan kegiatan wawancara. Sedangkan hasil dari penelitian ini adalah nilai-nilai budaya yang berkembang di Pondok Pesantren Taruna Al-Qur’an adalah budaya nilai spiritual yang terbagi menjadi dua nilai-nilai religiusitas di pondok pesantren dan nilai-nilai religiusitas di madrasah. Selain itu budaya nilai yang ada di Pondok Pesantren Taruna Al-Qur’an yaitu budaya berprestasi dan budaya artefak. Implikasi dari kegiatan penelitian nilai budaya sekolah di pesantren taruna seperti: 1) pengembangan model Pendidikan pesantren, 2) penguatan identitas keislaman dikalangan para pemuda, 3) pemberdayaan pemuda dikalangan kepemudaan, 4) kolaborasi pesantren dan institusi Pendidikan lainnya, 5) konstribusi pesantren dalam membentuk karakter bangsa, 6) pengembangan kurikulum berbasis keterampilan, 7) inovasi dan metode Pendidikan agama, 8) penananman nilai dan kemandirian dalam berwirausaha. Sehingga implikasi ini dapat dijadikan dasar kebijakan bagi pemerintah dan masyarakat.
History of the region and the country in high school periodicals of the Donbass from the 1970s through the early 2020s
Authors: Moskalenko Natalia
Published: February 2024

From the beginning of the 20th century up to the present time Donbass has played an exceptionally important role in the history of the states of which it was a part. Such socio-cultural specificity of the region is reflected in its social life and, hence, in the activity of local mass media, including the university periodicals. Since the late Soviet period, the newspapers of Donbass higher educational institutions have closely intertwined their own corporate issues with the current socio-political agenda. A special media style of these publications was also formed. After 2014 university periodicals in Donbass became another tool for defending its sovereignty and fighting for reunification with Russia.
Bottom-up and top-down information determinants of naturalistic trait impression updating
Authors: Lin Chujun , Thornton Mark Allen
Published: February 2024

Understanding others’ personality traits plays an important role in guiding social interactions. In daily life, people update their impressions of others’ traits using rich verbal and nonverbal information. However, quantifying this rich, naturalistic information is challenging. Here we leverage novel computational tools to characterize multimodal information streams in audiovisual narratives, and examine their contributions to dynamic trait impression updating. Across three studies (N = 817), we find that people update face-based first impressions of most traits after viewing audiovisual narratives. By examining the dynamic process of impression updating, we find that how and when people updated impressions were most strongly predicted by unique information in targets’ voice, followed by head and face movements, and semantic content. Perceivers’ own affect, attitudes, and personality also predicted impression updating. These findings comprehensively characterize the informational drivers of naturalistic trait impression updating.
No evidence for cross-sectional or longitudinal associations between cognitive flexibility performances and nutritional status in a cohort of inpatients with anorexia nervosa.
Authors: Castaño Lutzi , Berthoz Sylvie
Published: February 2024

Objective: According to the Cognitive-Interpersonal model of Anorexia Nervosa (AN), the combined influence of cognitive and socio-emotional difficulties would constitute vulnerability and maintaining factors. Poor cognitive flexibility is one of the endophenotypic candidates of the disorder but few studies examined its association with weight status. The study aimed to evaluate the relationships between cognitive flexibility performances and nutritional status indices (BMI; Body composition: fat mass: FM ; fat-free mass: FFM) at different stages of the disorder. Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between cognitive flexibility (TAP 2.1 subtest) and BMI, FM and FFM, anxious and depressive (HAD), and eating disorder (EDE-Q) symptomatology were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses in a cohort of AN inpatients evaluated at hospital admission (N=167) and discharge (N=94). Results: We found no or negligible associations between nutritional status markers, HAD or EDE-Q scores and cognitive flexibility performances either cross-sectionally or longitudinally. Performances did not significantly differ between the restrictive and binge-purging subtypes. Conclusion: In agreement with the Cognitive-Interpersonal model of AN, cognitive flexibility is independent of nutritional status as well as the AN subtype. It is also independent of the levels of anxious, depressive, or ED symptoms. A new therapeutic approach targeting cognitive flexibility and intolerance to change could benefit severely emaciated people with AN, regardless of disease’s subtype and level of dysphoria.
Blow up at Infinite Time of Solutions for a Plate Equation with Delay Term
Authors: Pişkin Erhan , Yüksekkaya Hazal
Published: February 2024

In this article, we investigate the viscoelastic plate equation with both delay and source terms. Initially, we give the local-global existence results. Later, we establish the blow-up results at infinite time by utilizing the energy method when E (0) < 0 under suitable conditions. Delays effect generally seems in many practical problems for instance medicine, biological, chemical, physical, thermal, economic phenomena, electrical engineering systems and mechanical applications.
On Topological Structure of Total Paranormed Double Sequence Space (ℓ 2 ((X, ||.||), γ, ¯ w¯), G)
Authors: Pokharel Jagat Krishna , Pahari Narayan Prasad , Paudel Gyan Prasad
Published: February 2024

The aim of this paper is to introduce and study a new class ℓ2 ((X, ||.||), γ̅, ω̅ ) of double sequences with their terms in a normed space X as a generalization of the familiar sequence space ℓ. Besides the investigation of the condition pertaining to the containment relations of the class ℓ2 ((X, ||.||), γ̅, ω̅ ) of same kind in terms of γ̅ and ω̅, our primary interest is to explore some of the preliminary results that characterize the linear topological structures of ℓ2 ((X, ||.||), γ̅, ω̅ ) when topologized it with suitable natural paranorm.
Biology and Life Table of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera Frugiperda (J.E. Smith) on Maize at Laboratory Conditions in Nepal
Authors: Bhat Binu , Bajracharya Ajaya Shree Ratna
Published: February 2024

The biology and life table of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) was studied at 27±2 °C temperature and 75±10% relative humidity at a Laboratory in the National Entomology Research Center, Lalitpur, Nepal from June to October, 2021.The main purpose of the study is to determine life cycle and to prepare stage specific life table of the insect on the preferred host maize. The mean incubation, larval and pupal periods were found to be 2.79, 14.04 and 9.49 days, respectively. The adult longevity of male and female moths was recorded at 15.39 days and 16.16 days. Pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods of female moths were 3.27 days, 5.39 days and 6.85 days with the fecundity of 1712 eggs per gravid female. The width of head capsules of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth larval instars was observed to be 0.31 mm, 0.51 mm, 0.81 mm, 1.30 mm and 1.95 mm, respectively. The highest apparent mortality (13.39) and indispensable mortality (10.02) were recorded in the insect’s egg stage. Among larval instars, the maximum apparent mortality (7.1) and indispensable mortality (4.72) were recorded in the first instar.
Assessment of Ecological Footprint of Urban Squatter and Non-Squatter Settlements: A Case Study of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Pyakure Pratistha , Pant Ramesh Raj , Pradhanang Sadhana , Bishwakarma Kiran , Ghimire Archana
Published: February 2024

This research attempted to understand the variation in the ecological footprint of squatter and non-squatter households in terms of the cumulative environmental behavior index (CEBI). A hybrid footprint measurement tool was built considering the principal factors affecting ecological footprint (EF). The correlation between settlement type (squatter and non-squatter) and the EF (as measured by the mean CEBI) was tested using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Knowledge, attitude and behavior of people regarding the environment sustainability were studied through questionnaires and field observation. The average CEBI of non-squatter settlements was found to be significantly more than that of squatter settlements. Squatter households in the sample had a statistically significantly lower environmental impact (in terms of energy and water consumption) than non-squatter households (p<0.01). The highest contribution to the total CEBI was from the food sector, followed by waste production. People’s attitudes towards the environmental sustanability varied and most of the squatter households had no clear opinion. Knowledge of environment-friendly practices were found comparatively more in non-squatter households. A majority of the respondents were ignorant about renewable energy. Identification of factors mainly responsible for increasing footprint is needed to design interventions for promoting sustainable development. The findings from this research will be useful for urban planners and other concerned professionals to make amends in sector policies for the sustainable development.
The Integral Role of Political Parties in the Democratic Movement of 1950
Authors: Bhandari Arjun Bahadur
Published: February 2024

Political scientists differ in the definition of democracy. Some see it as liberal reforms or structural changes brought about by opposition parties, while others see it as the overthrow of an authoritarian administration and the first democratic elections. In Nepal, the definition of democracy and democratic movement varies, starting as an anti-Rana movement against the totalitarian state of one family rule. The anti-Rana campaign in Nepal served as the seed for the democratic movement. Plots and violence entered Nepali politics when people’s involvement in politics had decreased, which resulted in Jung Bahadur’s foundation of Rana authority in 1846. The democratic system, which was founded on the public’s involvement for fundamental rights, started to topple the repressive and authoritarian government. Since 1950, a great number of Nepali heroes have given their lives to bring democracy to their country. The purpose of this study is to uncover the political parties’ unacknowledged contributions to Nepal’s democracy struggle. This paper examines the multifaceted involvement of the political parties, highlighting the diverse strategies, mobilization techniques, and collaborative efforts that shaped the outcome of the democratic movement. Based on qualitative research method this paper shapes interpretivism utilizing and analyzing political movements and revolt change is Hegel’s Dialectical and David Easton’s Political System Theory. Hegel’s notion of “thesis-antithesis and synthesis,” which advances society, describes the conflict between outmoded and progressive concepts. The input-process-output combination that connects political parties and mass mobilization is the focus of Eastons’ theory. This paper briefly introduces Contextualizing the democratic movement in Nepal and its significance. It also highlights the Nepal’s historical and political context, tracing the events leading up to the 1950. Qualitative data about the topic under discussion has been gathered through in-depth interviews and library research. It is restricted to research on the topic’s history. The country’s democratic movement has been a central force shaping its evolution, with political parties serving as both catalysts and conduits for change. This article delves into the crucial role of political parties in Nepal’s democratic movement, highlighting their contributions, challenges, and the ongoing significance they hold in the nation’s political landscape.
Job Satisfaction Among Paragliding Pilots in Pokhara
Authors: Tripathi Narayan
Published: February 2024

The study aimed to examine job satisfaction among paragliding pilots based on Herzberg two-factors theory and understand the factors influencing their satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The research based on a descriptive research design, gathering views and responses from 160 paragliding pilots in Pokhara. The results showed that most of paragliding pilots were male (96.3%). The highest percentage of pilots had a secondary level of education (58.8%), and more than one-third had been working in the field for 9 to 12 years (38.1%). Overall, 106 participants expressed satisfaction with their job, while 65 were content with their colleagues and supervisors. The study found a positive correlation (0.202) between job satisfaction and hygiene factors, as per Herzberg’s theory. The p-value (0.011) indicated that this relationship was statistically significant. However, no significant associations were observed between job satisfaction, hygiene factors, motivational factors, and the respondents’ marital status or annual income. The research highlights the importance of understanding and addressing the factors that contribute to job satisfaction among paragliding pilots. By identifying the aspects that influence their satisfaction, employers and stakeholders in the paragliding industry can create a more conducive and fulfilling work environment for pilots, ultimately enhancing their overall job satisfaction and performance.
Effect of Coarse Aggregate Size Variation on Compressive Strength of Concrete along the Length of Kali Gandaki River
Authors: Lamichhane Sanjeev , Thapa Deepak Bahadur , Mandal Abhay
Published: February 2024

The Kali Gandaki River is renowned for its diverse geological composition, providing a unique opportunity to examine how the inherent characteristics of coarse aggregates impact concrete performance in terms of compressive strength. This research delved into the influence of varying coarse aggregate sizes on the compressive strength of concrete obtained from different points along the Kali Gandaki River. Multiple samples of coarse aggregates were gathered from distinct geological regions along the river. The study adopted a concrete mix design for M20, and concrete cubes were manufactured with coarse aggregate sizes ranging from 10mm-16mm, 16mm-20mm, 20mm-25mm, to 25mm-31.5mm. All sample sets underwent compressive strength testing after 7 and 28 days of curing. The results revealed that, under identical curing conditions and water-cement ratios, the compressive strength of the produced concrete increased with the aggregate size, reaching a peak at 25mm. Additionally, among the surveyed locations, namely Ramdi Ghat, Khada Ghat, Pakhichaur Hungi Ghat, and Belchaur Ghat, Belchaur Ghat exhibited superior performance in compressive strength. The findings of this work aim to contribute valuable insights to the field of concrete technology and construction industry.
नेपाली काँग्रेसका तीन सशस्त्र क्रान्तिमा मिडियाको प्रयोग {Use of media in three armed revolutions of Nepali Congress}
Authors: नेपाल Nepal जगत Jagat
Published: February 2024

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेख नेपालमा प्रजातन्त्र स्थापनाका लागि नेपाली काँग्रेसलेगरेका तीनओटा सशस्त्र क्रान्ति र त्यस क्रममा मिडियालाई कसरी प्रयोग गरिएकोथियो भन्ने विषयमा केन्द्रित छ । नेपाली राष्ट्रिय काँग्रेस र नेपाल प्रजातन्त्र काँग्रेसबीच एकीकरण भएर वि.सं.२००६ सालमा नेपाली काँग्रेसको स्थापना भए लगत्तै निरंकुश राणा शासनको अन्त्यका लागि २००७ सालमा पहिलो पटक हतियार उठाएको नेपाली काँग्रेसले प्रजातन्त्र स्थापनाका लागि २०१८ र २०२८ गरी तीन पटक सशस्त्र क्रान्ति गर्यो । पहिलो क्रान्तिबाट १०४ वर्षे राणा शासनको अन्त्य गरी मुलुकमा प्रजातन्त्र स्थापना गरे पनि उसले चलाएका दुई ओटा क्रान्ति भने सफल हुन सकेनन् । पञ्चायत विरुद्ध काँग्रेसले चलाएको क्रान्तिका क्रममा वि.सं.२०३१ सालमा ओखलढुङ्गामा कव्जा गरी समानान्तर सरकार चलाउने योजना विफल भएपछि संस्थापक नेता बीपी कोइरालाले क्रान्तिको बाटो त्यागेर पार्टीलाई शान्तिपूर्ण राजनीतिमा अवतरण गराए । नेपालको जेठो दल नेपाली काँग्रेसले सशस्त्र क्रान्तिका समयमा मिडियाकोउपयोग कसरी गरेको थियो भन्ने विषयमा अनुसन्धान गर्नु यस अध्ययनको मुख्य उद्देश्य हो ।
तनहुँको स्थानीय प्रशासनको इतिहास (वि.सं. १८३९–१९०३) {History of Local Administration in Tanahun (1839-1903)}
Authors: श्रेष्ठ Shrestha तिलु थापा Tilu Thapa
Published: February 2024

उत्तर मध्यकालमा नेपालमा साना ठूला गरी करिब ५२ ओटा राज्यहरु अस्तित्वमा थिए । यी राज्यहरु गण्डकी प्रदेशमा चौबिस वटा, कर्णाली प्रदेशमा बाइस वटा, पूर्वमा सेनहरुका तीन ओटा र उपत्यकामा मल्लहरुको तीनओटा राज्यहरु थिए । गण्डकी प्रश्रवण क्षेत्रमा पर्ने भए पनि गोरखा राज्य चौबिसी राज्यअन्तर्गत पर्दैनथ्यो । यही गोरखा राज्यको राजा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले आरम्भ गरेको नेपाल बिजयी अभियान उनकोसन्नतीहरुले पूरा गरी सिंगो राष्ट्र नेपाल निर्माण गरे । तनहुँ राज्य वि.सं. १८३९ कार्तिकमा नेपाल अधिराज्यमा एकीकरण भएको हो । तनहुँ राज्यको कमजोर प्रशासनिक व्यवस्था, मजबुत सैनिक संगठनको अभाव, राज्य संकटमा परेको समयमा जनसहभागिता जुट्न नसक्नुर तनहुँका राजाहरुले गोरखा राज्यको बढ्दो शक्ति र कुटनीतिक क्षमता चिन्न र बुभ्mन नसक्नु तनहुँ राज्य पतन हुनाका प्रमुख कारणहरु हुन् । राज्य नरहेपछि तनहुँको प्रशासन सिधै केन्द्रबाट संचालन हुन थाल्यो । स्थानीय प्रशासनिक पदाधिकारी अर्थात् तालुकदारका रुपमा सेन राजाकै भारदारहरुलाई नियुक्त गरिएको पाइन्छ । यस्ता तालुकदारहरु अमाली, जिम्मावाल, मुखिया, जेठाबुढा, थरी, द्वारे आदि थिए । सेन राज्यको पतन पछि तनहुँको प्रशासनिक अवस्थासम्बन्धी विषयवस्तुहरुलाई उजागर गर्ने उद्देश्यले प्रस्तुत लेख तयार पारिएको छ ।
Social Media Marketing's Effect on Small and Medium-Sized Businesses' Performance
Authors: Das Pintu
Published: February 2024

Social media is increasingly being included into the marketing plans of many micro and small enterprises as a useful tool for connecting with a sizable collection of prospective buyers in ways that enable individuals to impart knowledge in a natural conversation. Despite the fact that historically, marketers have put all of their efforts into getting the best possible placement in the market. The best chance for micro and small enterprises may arise in this area as individuals may begin to view social media platforms as their primary source of all information over time. The purpose of this paper is to comprehend how well internet media works to promote shopping websites that have an impact on consumer purchasing decisions. With the rise in popularity of Websites like ‘Twitter’, ‘Facebook’, ‘LinkedIn’, and ‘YouTube’, Social Media Marketing has grown increasingly widespread. Marketing carried out on social media platforms or online social networking sites is referred to as social media marketing. The majority of businesses and organisations have their own websites; however, it might be challenging to reach individuals who are unaware of the organisation. As a result, many businesses have found it beneficial to have online profiles on sites. The goal of this study is to develop practical recommendations and offer strategic insights to help consumer brands use social media more effectively. In addition, it was discovered that social media platforms and the businesses themselves played a significant role in affecting engagement levels, suggesting that there is no single recipe for successful social media management.
Outcomes of gynecological and breast cancer among female patients with cirrhosis: Scoping review of the literature
Authors: Jogendran Manisha , Flemming Jennifer A
Published: February 2024

Background:

The incidence of gynecological and breast cancers is on the rise in addition to a rise in the incidence of cirrhosis among women. Women with cirrhosis are generally excluded from clinical trials therefore little is known about the oncologic and/or liver-related outcomes in this population. The aim of this study was to review the current literature regarding treatment and survival outcomes in females with gynecological or breast cancer with underlying cirrhosis.

Methods:

An electronic search was conducted for studies reporting outcomes among females with cirrhosis and gynecological and breast cancer. References were reviewed for relevant publications. Studies were reviewed and data were extracted from publications.

Results:

Three thousand one hundred ninety one articles were identified, and five studies were reviewed in full. Thirty unique patients were identified. Ten patients with breast cancer were identified, 9/10 patients did not have cancer recurrence in the follow-up period, and 1/10 did not have follow up. 1/10 patient's received chemotherapy and developed degree II abnormal liver function and bone marrow suppression. 2/9 patients experienced postoperative complications, one had worsening thrombocytopenia and one developed mild encephalopathy. Nienteen patients with ovarian cancer all received surgery and chemotherapy. 10/19 had postoperative complications and 1/19 died in follow-up period. One patient had a neuroendocrine uterine cancer stage IV who died after one cycle of chemotherapy.

Conclusion:

There is limited data on the outcomes and management of patients with both cirrhosis and gynecological or breast cancers. Therefore, further work is necessary to address these gaps in clinical practice to improve patient care.
EXTRAÇÃO DE NUTRIENTES POR VARIEDADES DE SORGO FORRAGEIRO IRRIGADAS COM EFLUENTE SALINO DA PISCICULTURA
Authors: Guimarães Miguel Julio Machado , Simões Welson Lima , Salviano Alessandra Monteiro , Barros Juliane Rafaele Alves
Published: February 2024

A utilização de água com altos teores de sais pode causar desequilíbrio nutricional e redução na produtividade das culturas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a extração de nutrientes de três variedades de sorgo forrageiro cultivadas sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação com efluente salino da piscicultura. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, sendo os tratamentos provenientes de um esquema fatorial 3x4, com três variedades de sorgo forrageiro (Volumax, F305 e Sudão) e quatro frações de lixiviação (0; 5; 10 e 15%), dispostos em parcelas subdivididas com quatro blocos. As parcelas foram compostas pelas frações de lixiviação e as subparcelas pelas variedades. Aos 93 dias após o plantio, foram coletadas 10 plantas para a determinação da produção de matéria seca e dos teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn e Mn. Foram avaliados os totais extraídos e a distribuição dos nutrientes na planta. A variedade F305 extraiu quantidades intermediárias de nutrientes em relação às demais, sendo a variedade Sudão a que apresentou uma maior extração. O uso de fração de lixiviação influencia a quantidade de nutrientes extraídos, alterando sua distribuição nas diferentes partes da planta de sorgo forrageiro.
Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor Moench; acúmulo de minerais; reuso de água; salinidade.
 
Nutrient extraction by forage sorghum varieties irrigated with
saline fish farming effluent
 
ABSTRACT: The use of water with high levels of salts may cause nutritional imbalance and reduction in crop productivity. In this context, the objective of the work was to evaluate the nutrient extraction of three varieties of forage sorghum cultivated under different irrigation slopes with saline effluent from pisciculture. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, and the treatments came from a 3x4 factorial scheme, with three varieties of forage sorghum (Volumax, F305 and Sudan) and four leaching fractions (0; 5; 10 and 15%), arranged in subdivided plots with four blocks. The plots were composed by the leaching fractions and the subplots by the varieties. At 93 days after planting, 10 plants were collected to determine dry matter production and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn contents. The total extracted and the distribution of nutrients in the plant were evaluated. The F305 variety extracted intermediate amounts of nutrients in relation to the others, being the Sudão variety the one that presented the greatest extraction. The use of leaching fraction influences the amount of nutrients extracted, altering their distribution in the different parts of the forage sorghum plant.
Keywords: Sorghum bicolor Moench; minerals accumulation; water reuse; salinity.
FATORES MULTIVARIADOS ASSOCIADOS A OCORRÊNCIA DE CRIMES AMBIENTAIS NO ESTADO DO AMAPÁ - AMAZÔNIA - BRASIL
Authors: Da Costa Samuel Nahon , Silva Diego Armando Silva da , Freitas Mayson Viana de , Sousa Carla Samara Campelo de
Published: February 2024

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar quais variáveis socioeconômicas mostram uma maior relação com o cometimento de crimes ambientais no estado do Amapá. Os dados sobre as ocorrências de crimes ambientais foram extraídos da plataforma de Procedimento Policiais Eletrônicos (PPe). Para a determinação dos crimes ambientais, as ocorrências foram analisadas e categorizadas à luz da Lei nº 9.605/98. Para a compreensão da relação entre os dados, foi realizada a análise multivariada de componentes principais. Os resultados mostraram as cidades como Macapá, Vitória do Jari e Porto Grande com grande propensão para a prática de crimes ambientais. Os crimes contra fauna indicaram que os fatores econômico e educacional influenciam de forma expressiva nesse tipo de infração, além da predisposição para o fator cultural, carecendo de uma educação ambiental para o combate a esse tipo de delito. Os crimes relacionados a flora demostraram que pessoas de baixa renda tendem a agir de maneira mais direta no desmatamento, enquanto as de renda mais elevada, apresentaram perfil voltado mais para venda ilegal da madeira na sua modalidade já processada. As infrações ambientais acerca da poluição apontam que é praticada, principalmente, pelo adensamento populacional, por pessoas com alto poder aquisitivo e baixo grau de instrução.
Palavras-chave: educação ambiental; legislação ambiental; perícia ambiental.
 
Multivariate factors associated with the occurrence of environmental crimes in the state of Amapá - Amazônia - Brazil
 
ABSTRACT: This work aimed to evaluate which socioeconomic variables show a greater relationship with the commission of environmental crimes in the state of Amapa. Data on occurrences of environmental crimes were extracted from the Electronic Police Procedure Platform (acronym in Portuguese: PPe). The occurrences were analyzed and categorized under Law nº 9.605/98 to determine environmental crimes. A multivariate analysis of principal components was performed to understand the relationship between the data. The results showed cities like Macapá, Vitória do Jari and Porto Grande have a great propensity for the practice of environmental crimes. Crimes against fauna indicated that economic and educational factors significantly influence this type of infraction, in addition to a predisposition to the cultural factor, requiring environmental education to combat this type of crime. Flora-related crimes showed that low-income people tend to act more directly in deforestation. In contrast, those with higher incomes showed a profile focused more on the illegal sale of wood in its already processed form. Environmental infractions about pollution point out that it is mainly practiced by population density, by people with high purchasing power and low levels of education.
Keywords: environmental education; environmental legislation; environmental expertise.
Uremic xerosis among patients on maintenance hemodialysis: Prevalence and correlation with clinical and laboratory markers
Authors: Jasim Zahraa , Aledan Hayder
Published: February 2024

Xerosis, characterized by dry skin, is a frequent manifestation in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Understanding the prevalence of xerosis in this population and exploring its associations with various clinical and laboratory parameters is crucial for comprehensive patient care. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of xerosis in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and to investigate the association between xerosis and various clinical and laboratory parameters, with a specific focus on serum copeptin as a surrogate for antidiuretic hormone.

Methods. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Hemodialysis Clinic of the Basrah Nephrology and Transplantation Center from March 1, 2022, to September 1, 2022. The prevalence of xerosis and its correlation with clinical characteristics and serum copeptin status were analyzed.

Results. The study findings indicate that among the 48 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, with an average age of 59.8 ± 8.8 years, 60.4% presented with xerosis. Serum copeptin levels, measuring 3.8 ± 2 ng/mL, showed a significant association with diuretic usage and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.031, respectively). Notably, no correlations were observed with other demographic or laboratory parameters, despite the tendency of serum copeptin levels to be higher in females and patients with low serum albumin and PTH concentrations.

Conclusions. In summary, xerosis was prevalent in 60.4% of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and demonstrated a positive correlation with diuretic use and serum PTH levels.
Оцінка функції нирок, електролітного гомеостазу та якості життя після COVID-19: ефективність застосування L-карнітину
Authors: Kuryata O.V. , Frolova Ye.O.
Published: February 2024

Порушення функції нирок піся інфікування COVID-19 може призвести до розвитку дисбалансу електролітного гомеостазу, погіршенню якості життя хворих, впливає на прогноз захворювання, що потребує постійного пошуку нових стратегій та напрямків лікування. Метою роботи було оцінити функціональний стан нирок, гомеостаз електролітів та його регуляцію, якість життя у хворих з ураженням нирок внаслідок перенесеної COVID-19 і ефективність L-карнітину в постковідному періоді.

Метои. Проведено одноцентрове просективне дослідження за часті 50 пацієнтів з порушенням функції нирок (ШКФ <90≥45 мл/хв/1.73м2) після коронавірусної хвороби (через 3-6 місяців після COVID-19). Середній вік хворих – 60.4 (42.0; 68.0).  Стать: жінки – 25 (50%); чоловіки – 25 (50%). Хворих було розподіллено на 2 групи залежно від потреби в оксигенотерапії під час лікування  гострого періоду COVID-19. Для оцінки клінічної ефективності L-карнітину хворих обох груп додатково було розподіллено сліпим методом на підгрупи з додатковим призначенням L-карнітину та без призначення L-карнітину.

Результати. За результатами дослідження, в 1-й групі достовірно частіше визначалась гіпонатріємія (р<0,001) та гіпокаліємія (р<0,001). Встановлений прямий кореляційний зв'язок між рівнями натрію і калію та показниками сатурації крові під час готрого періоду COVID-19 (r=0,57, р<0,05 та r=0,47, р<0,05 відповідно). Застосування L-карнітину сприяло достовірному зниженню рівнів сечовини і креатиніну сироватки крові та підвищенню рівня ШКФ. Якість життя хворих з порушенням функції нирок, які перенесли COVID-19 за більшістю показників SF-36 була знижена в обох групах спостереження. У хворих, які додатково отримували L-карнітин наприкінці дослідження достовірно підвищилися показники якості життя.

Висновки. Тяжкість гострого періоду COVID-19 з потребою оксигенотерапії асоціювалось з розвитком гіпонатріємії та гіпокаліємії у постковідному періоді та характеризувалося нижчими показниками якості життя. Використання в постковідному періоді L-карнітину 2г на добу у хворих з ушкодженням нирок сприяло покращенню функціонального стану нирок (збільшенню ШКФ та покращенню азотистого обміну) та показників якості життя.