bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noradrenaline induced PKC and PKA mediated translocation of Na-K ATPase α1-subunit to the plasma membrane in Neuro-2a cells
Authors: Kaur Manjeet , Mehta Rachna , Muthuswami Rohini , Mallick Birendra
Published: May 2022

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM) maintains brain excitability by modulating the brain Na-K ATPase activity. Earlier, It was reported that REMS deprivation (REMSD) associated elevated NA increases the expression of Na-K ATPase subunit as well as its enzyme activity and that is likely to be the cause of REMSD associated increased brain excitability. The Na-K ATPase is a transmembrane protein present on the cell membrane surface as well as in many organelle membranes. To be responsible for increased excitability, the α1 subunit of the Na-K ATPase must be expressed on the outer surface of the neuronal membrane, which has been confirmed in this study. We used cell impermeable Enz-link-sulfo-NHS-SS biotin that exclusively labels external surface proteins. In this study, we have shown using the Neuro2a cell line that NA (50 µM) increased Na-K ATPase α1 protein abundance on the cell surface by acting on α1- as well as β-ARs (AR). It was also observed that Chelerythrine chloride (CC) or KT570, inhibitor of PKC and PKA, respectively blocked the effects. The results not only confirm our previous findings, but they offer molecular level explanations that REMSD-associated elevated NA acting on α- and β-AR increased Na-K ATPase α1 protein expression as well as its translocation on the neuronal membrane through PKC and PKA dependent process.
X, but not Y, chromosomal complement contributes to stroke sensitivity in aged animals
Authors: Qi Shaohua , Ngwa Conelius , Mamun Abdullah Al , Romana Sharmeen , Wu Ting , Marrelli Sean P. , Arnold Arthur P. , McCullough Louise D. , Liu Fudong
Published: May 2022

Post-menopausal women become vulnerable to stroke and have poorer outcomes and higher mortality than age-matched men and previous studies suggested that sex chromosomes play a vital role in mediating stroke sensitivity in the aged. It is unknown if this is due to effects of the X or Y chromosome. The present study used the XY* mice model (with four genotypes: XX and XO gonadal females, and XY and XXY gonadal males) to compare the effect of the X vs. Y chromosome compliment in stroke. Aged (18-20 months) and gonadectomized young (8-12 weeks) mice were subjected to a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volume and behavioral deficits were quantified 3 days after stroke. Microglia activation and infiltration of peripheral leukocytes in the aged ischemic brain were assessed by flow cytometry. Plasma inflammatory cytokine levels by ELISA and brain expression of two X chromosome linked genes, KDM6A and KDM5C by immunochemistry, were also examined. Both aged and young XX and XXY mice had worse stroke outcomes compared to XO and XY mice respectively; however, difference between XX vs. XXY or XO vs. XY aged mice was minimal. Mice with two copies of the X chromosome showed more robust microglial activation, higher brain infiltrating leukocytes, elevated plasma cytokine levels, and enhanced colocalization of KDM6A and KDM5C with Iba-1+ cells after stroke than mice with one X. The number of X chromosomes mediates stroke sensitivity in aged mice, which might be processed through the X chromosome linked genes and the inflammatory responses.
Segmentation of Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography Using the Deep Learning Method
Authors: Aydin Nevin , Cihan Çağatay , Celik Ozer , Aslan Ahmet Faruk , Odabas Alper , Alatas Füsun , Yıldırım Hüseyin
Published: May 2022

Background
Pulmonary embolism is a type of thromboembolism seen in the main pulmonary artery and its branches. This study aimed to diagnose acute pulmonary embolism using the deep learning method in computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and perform the segmentation of pulmonary embolism data.
Methods
The CTPA images of patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism who underwent scheduled imaging were retrospectively evaluated. After data collection, the areas that were diagnosed as embolism in the axial section images were segmented. The dataset was divided into three parts as training, validation, and testing. The results were calculated by selecting 50% as the cut-off value for the intersection over union.
Results
Images were obtained from 1,550 patients. The mean age of the patients was 64.23 ± 15.45 years. A total of 2,339 axial computed tomography images obtained from the 1,550 patients were used. There were a total of 5,992 labels, with 1,879 images. PyTorch U-Net was used to train 400 epochs, and the best model, epoch 178, was recorded. In the testing group, the number of true positives was determined as 471 and false positives as 35, while 27 were not detected. The sensitivity of CTPA segmentation was 0.95, the precision value was 0.93, the F1 score value was 0.94, and the learning rate was 0.0001. The area under the curve value obtained in the receiver operating characteristic analysis was calculated as 0.88.
Conclusions
In this study, the segmentation of acute pulmonary embolism in CTPA performed using the deep learning method provided successful results.
Prior Employment Status and Obesity Do Not Predict Post-Stroke Fatigue
Authors: Cooper Zachary , Gilles Nadege , Levine Steven R.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a common emotionally, cognitive, and physically debilitating condition following a stroke. The prevalence of PSF is between 38 – 74% of patients who have a stroke. There is a lack of understanding of the risk factors or predictors of PSF, including prior employment status and obesity. Methods: One hundred and twenty-one patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ischemic stroke in the past three years were enrolled into the study. Exclusion criteria included: severe aphasia and end stage concomitant diseases. PSF was assessed using the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) (FAS: no fatigue ≤ 21, fatigue 22–50). Patients were then identified based on their employment status (previously worked) or obesity (BMI) and compared to the presence of PSF. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict dichotomized FAS score. Results: Of the 52 patients who were obese, 21 experienced PSF (40%), while 31 did not experience PSF (60%). Of the patients who were not obese (69), 27 experienced PSF (39%), while 42 did not experience PSF (61%). A Fisher’s exact test was applied to determine the association between PSF and obesity (p=1.000). A Fisher’s exact test was applied to show the association between PSF and employment status (p=0.384). 92 patients had previously worked (76%) and 29 had never worked (24%). Of the 92 patients who previously worked, 39 experienced PSF (42%), while 53 did not experience PSF (58%). Of the patients who never worked (29), 9 experienced PSF (31%), while 20 did not experience PSF (69%). In logistic regression, employment status did not independently predict dichotomized FAS (adjusted odds ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval [ 0.51, 3.50 ], p=0.557). Conclusions: Previous employment status and obesity did not independently predict PSF in an urban, minority cohort.
Mid- to long-term cardiac magnetic resonance findings in elite athletes recovered from COVID-19 - results from one German Olympic medical center
Authors: Schneeweis Christopher , Diebold Katharina , Schramm Thomas , Syrek Christine , Predel Hans-Georg , Manka Robert , Zacher Jonas
Published: May 2022

Background There is a lack of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) data regarding mid- to long-term myocardial damage due to Covid-19 in elite athletes. Objective This study investigated mid-to long-term consequences of myocardial involvement after a Covid-19 infection in elite athletes. Methods Between January 2020 and October 2021, 27 athletes of the German Olympic centre Rhineland with confirmed Covid-19 infection were analyzed. 9 healthy non-athlete volunteers served as control. CMR was performed in mean 182 days (SD 99) after initial positive test result. Results CMR did not reveal any signs of acute myocarditis in regard to the current Lake Louise criteria or myocardial damage in any of the 26 elite athletes with previous Covid-19 infection. Nevertheless, 92 % of the athletes experienced a symptomatic course and 54 % reported lasting symptoms for more than 4 weeks. In one male athlete CMR revealed an arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and this athlete was excluded from the study. Athletes had significantly enlarged left and right ventricle volumes and increased left ventricular myocardial mass in comparison to the healthy control group (LVEDVi 103.4 vs. 91.1 ml/m 2 p=0.031; RVEDVi 104.1 vs. 86.6 ml/m 2 p=0.007; and LVMi 59.0 vs. 46.2 g/m 2 p=0.002). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the risk for mid-to long-term myocardial damage seems to be very low to negligible in elite athletes. No conclusions can be drawn regarding myocardial injury in the acute phase of infection nor about possible long-term myocardial effects in the general population.
Retrospective cohort study of the effectiveness of the Sputnik V and EpiVacCorona vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Moscow (June-July 2021)
Authors: Matveeva Olga , Ershov Alexander
Published: May 2022

Objective.
The goal of the study was to evaluate the epidemiological effectiveness of the Sputnik V and EpiVacCorona vaccines against COVID-19.
Method.
This work is a retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients. The cohort created by the Moscow Health Department included more than 300,000 infected people who sought medical care in June and July 2021.
Results.
Analysis of data revealed a tendency for the increase in the Sputnik V vaccine effectiveness (VE) as the severity of the disease increased. Protection was the lowest for mild disease, and it was more pronounced for severe disease. We also observed a decrease in VE with increasing age. For the youngest group (18–50 years old), the estimated VE in preventing death in June 2021 was 95% (95% CI 64–100), and for the older group (50 + years old), it was 74% (95% CI 67–87). The estimated protection against a severe form of the disease in the 18-50-year-old group was above 81% (CI 95% 72–93), and in the 50 + years-old group, it was above 68% (CI 95% 65–82). According to our analysis, EpiVacCorona proved to be an ineffective vaccine and therefore cannot protect against COVID-19.
Non-linear Model-based Control of Neural Cell Dynamics
Authors: Yue Rongting , Tomastik Ryan , Dutta Abhishek
Published: May 2022

The human brain consists of 100 billion neurons connected to each other with synapses, with more than 10 thousand of them per neuron. When a neuron reaches a threshold voltage, due to the summation of currents flowing in from synapses or by external stimulation, the neuron fires with an action potential, observed as a voltage spike. It is this nonlinear firing behavior together with firing rate that gives rise to synaptic plasticity and forms the basis of memory, perception, action, and behavior. A perturbed firing of the underlying neuron can therefore evolve into undesirable mental states linked to various neurological disorders. Closed-loop control of the firing rate of the neuron is thus desirable, but very challenging due to the underlying highly nonlinear dynamics. A Hodgkin-Huxley model of the nonlinear neural dynamics in terms of its membrane potential with respect to current stimulation is developed together with its underlying ion channel dynamics in terms of gating variables. The model is linearized at operating point and lead, lag and lead-lag compensators are synthesized. Next, a dynamic inversion nonlinear controller, a robust incremental dynamic inversion controller, and a model predictive controller are derived to directly regulate the nonlinear neuron dynamics in terms of controlled firing. The synthesis of lead, lag, lead-lag, dynamic inversion, model predictive control-based feedback controllers over the nonlinear dynamics of the neuron led to controlled firing and a fast response that was robust to stochastic synaptic noise.
In memory of Bruno Peter: fresh insights on the Swiss sawfly fauna (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)
Authors: Jansen Ewald , Taeger Andreas , Liston Andrew
Published: May 2022

Bruno Peter-Sager (1943–2018) was a Swiss entomologist who collected and studied sawflies, and published on these under the name Bruno Peter. His large collection is deposited in the Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany. Following a short biography, we present commentaries on noteworthy specimens from Switzerland and some general and specific characteristics of the Swiss sawfly fauna, based on his collection and database. Twenty sawfly species are recorded for the first time in Switzerland: Aprosthema bifurca, Arge fuscipennis, Cladardis hartigi, Dolerus altivolus, D. brevicornis, D. zhelochovtsevi, Empria fletcheri, Euura amentorum, E. cyrnea, E. longiserra, E. scotonota, Nescianeura noblecourti, Pristiphora depressa, P. luteipes, P. nigricans, Rhogogaster polaris, Taxonus alboscutellatus, Tenthredo semicolon, Tenthredopsis tischbeinii and Calameuta idolon. Three species are removed from the national list: Cladardis bordonii, Taxonus sticticus and Tomostethus melanopygius. Records from Switzerland of seven little-known or rarely recorded species are also discussed. Data for most specimens collected by B. Peter include altitude, enabling presentation of results of some analyses of species richness related to altitude, as well as examples of patterns of altitudinal abundance for selected species.
Yıkama Metodu Kullanılarak Saflaştırılan Amoksisilin Trihidratın Taguchi Yöntemi ile Optimizasyonu
Authors: ERGİN Mustafa
Published: May 2022

Saf bir kristal ürün elde etmek için tekrar tekrar uygulanan kristalizasyon basamakları veya farklı kimyasallara başvurulması, bitmiş ürünün veriminde farklı sorunlara neden olabilir. Bundan dolayı, kristal ağın içerisindeki safsızlıklar, ana ürünü etkilemeden uzaklaştırılmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, Amoksisilin trihidrat (Amct) ve safsızlık olarak 4-hidroksifenilglisin (4-HPG) kullanılmıştır. Amct kristal kafesinden, safsızlık olarak 4-HPG’nin yıkama yöntemleri kullanılarak uzaklaştırılması gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada ilk kez, yıkama verimi ile yıkama yöntemleri, çözeltiler ve sıcaklıklar arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için Taguchi metodu kullanılmıştır. Denemelerde bir Büchner cam hunisi istenilen sıcaklıkta ve ürün kaybı olmadan çalışılacak şekilde yeniden tasarlanmıştır ve denemeler burada yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma, farklı yıkama yöntemleri, kullanılan Taguchi metot ve yeniden tasarlanan Büchner cam hunisi ile literatüre farklılık katmaktadır. Etki grafiklerinden yıkama verim değerlerini etkileyen faktörler sırasıyla yıkama yöntemi, sıcaklık ve çözelti olarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek verim, tek aşamalı yıkama yöntemi ile Etilalkol kullanılarak 15°C’de elde edilmiştir.
Reflexões sobre as legislações e práticas de proteção social no Brasil e em Portugal para o enfrentamento à violência contra meninas (crianças e adolescentes) de 2000 a 2015
Authors: Barros Nivia Valença , Freitas Rita de Cássia Santos , Barros Maria Izabel Valença
Published: May 2022

Reflete-se sobre as práticas de proteção social e a legislação brasileira e portuguesa, no que tange ao enfrentamento a violência contra meninas (crianças e adolescentes), nos primeiros anos do século XXI (2000– 2015). Ao analisar tais ações destacamos o caráter sexista e excludente, ainda presentes, sem, contudo, menosprezar,os avanços obtidos para este segmento social pós-redemocratização do Brasil nos anos de 1990, e em Portugal, pós 25 de abril de 1974. Para apresentar tal temática efetuamos uma análise das legislaçõesque foram desenvolvidas neste período e as focalizamos como resultante de pressões de movimentos sociais e como uma importante forma de enfrentamento a violência contra meninas. E, neste mesmo sentido destacamos algumas das ações de proteção social realizadas no período como um elemento fundamental para o combate a tais violências e, em especial, destacamos as ações e articulações do movimento feminista em ambos os países.
Humano cão que não chacoalha o rabo
Authors: Castro Gustavo
Published: May 2022

Poiesis
Luta
Authors: Castelo Branco de Senna Alecrides Jahne Raquel
Published: May 2022

Consciência e luta.
A Imitação e as Singularidades
Authors: Silva Patricia
Published: May 2022

Resenha:
Em As Leis da Imitação, publicado originalmente em 1890, o sociólogo francêsGabriel Tarde (1843-1904), também filósofo, psicólogo e criminalista, dedica-se a demonstrarque a sociedade se constitui a partir de relações intercerebrais. Para tanto, o autor desenvolvetrês categorias (imitação, adaptação e oposição) que organizam tais relações, e, dividindo esselivro em oito capítulos, dá ênfase a imitação como categoria fundamental para definir ecompreender o social. Dessa forma, a microssociologia de Tarde recupera o indivíduo na cenasocial, na medida em que assinala as ações e os pensamentos inovadores como as verdadeirascausas dos fatos sociais, via irradiações imitativas. Sob tal perspectiva, movidos por desejos ecrenças, somos o infinitesimal da sociedade, as verdadeiras potências inventivas, ou seja,transformadoras.
Sobre as Pioneiras
Authors: Cardoso Luis fernando cardoso
Published: May 2022

Esse artigo é um estudo de origem social e da trajetória profissional das oficiais policiais militares femininas e seu pioneirismo na profissão. Optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa de modo a identificar padrões socioculturais e o saber adquirido pela vivência, além das estratégias de sobrevivência, afirmação e autoproteção na carreira policial. Ouvindo seus relatos, percebe-se a herança identificadora da instituição pelas agentes, que mesmo na reserva preservam o habitus adquirido ao vestir a farda. Percebeu-se que as policiais sofrem violência quando são estigmatizadas como minoria, que seu trabalho é relegado à esfera administrativa, não havendo reconhecimento de suas habilidades, além ser percebido haver preconceito e discriminação pelas cotas de inserção e distribuição de cargos.
QUADRAS DE PASSAGEM
Authors: Piccinato Junior Dirceu , Do Nascimento de Souza Helena
Published: May 2022

Símbolo da modernização das cidades europeias, as galerias comerciais prosperaram como principal tipologia comercial durante o século XIX, mas perderam protagonismo na vida e na paisagem urbana das cidades europeias com a chegada do século XX. Sendo caracterizada como elemento arquitetônico e urbano, as galerias comerciais podem contribuir com os fenômenos de vitalidade e centralidade das cidades, constituindo um elemento de circulação urbana através de seus interiores de uso coletivo, destinados exclusivamente aos pedestres. O presente artigo tem como objetivo estudar as dinâmicas de uso e apropriação das galerias comerciais da cidade de Passo Fundo, um município com característica de centro regional estadual, que atende as demandas comerciais e de serviços de saúde e educação superior no norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Tem como objetivos específicos o estudo sobre a tipologia das galerias comerciais e a cidade contemporânea, o mapeamento e a análise da composição das galerias comerciais encontradas na cidade. Para tanto, utiliza-se uma metodologia de pesquisa de caráter observacional e analítico-descritiva, abordando o tema sob parâmetros bibliográficos e de pesquisa de campo. A pesquisa buscou mapear a movimentação nos espaços internos das 33 galerias comerciais encontradas em Passo Fundo para compreender como algumas configuram-se como solução arquitetônica para a diversidade de usos no centro da cidade e um maior aproveitamento do solo urbano, enquanto outras estabelecem uma influência em escala urbana ao contribuir com a mobilidade peatonal no tecido da cidade.
PROMOVENDO AMBIENTES ACESSÍVEIS POR MEIO DO RETORNO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DO USUÁRIO
Authors: DOS SANTOS Igor , De Paula Antunes Lima Francisco , Eduardo Resende Adson , Pinto Guimarães Marcelo
Published: May 2022

O projeto de acessibilidade estrutural para pessoas com deficie?ncia fi?sica e? efetivo quando se integra a percepc?a?o e a experie?ncia dos usua?rios. Apesar dos esforc?os de legisladores e especialistas em projeto, as estruturas existentes para promover acessibilidade de forma efetiva para indivi?duos com problemas de mobilidade, ainda sa?o insatisfato?rias, mesmo em espac?os urbanos concebidos ou reformados com esse objetivo. Por meio da ana?lise da atividade de pessoas com deficie?ncia fi?sica, com problemas de mobilidade e equipamentos de apoio distintos, foi possi?vel identificar as manifestac?o?es de uma “acessibilidade real”, para ale?m da acessibilidade regulamentada em normativas. As informac?o?es coletadas com ajuda do retorno de experie?ncia (REX) acompanhando as pessoas em situac?o?es reais em locais pu?blicos, devidamente sistematizadas, contribuem para intervir em processos de projeto arquiteto?nico de forma que esses indivi?duos sejam protagonistas no processo de concepc?a?o de ambientes acessi?veis, aproximando-os de um contexto efetivo de acessibilidade. A universalidade de acesso, segundo observamos, na?o se concretiza apenas por meio de regras gerais de projeto que, supostamente, atendem a todos, mas sim, pela sistematizac?a?o de detalhes singulares que emergem de situac?o?es que envolvem o ambiente construi?do, os indivi?duos com suas particularidades e os equipamentos pu?blicos e pessoais que lhes sa?o disponibilizados.
Role of Biological Mediators of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in
Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Li Yan , Ganesan Kumar , Chen Jianping
Published: May 2022

Background:

Breast cancer (BRCA) has become the most common cancer
worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in the breast exerts a crucial role in promoting
BRCA initiation, progression, and metastasis. Tumor-associated macrophages
(TAMs) are the primary component of tumor-infiltrating immune cells through biological
mediators that convert TME into malignant tumors. Combinations of these biological
mediators can promote tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune suppression
and limit the anti-tumor activity of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Objectives:

The present study aimed to highlight the functions of several biological mediators
in the breast thatgenerate TME into malignant tumors. Furthermore, this review offers
a rationale for TAM-targeted therapy as a novel treatment strategy for BRCA

Results:

This review emphasizes TAM-associated biological mediators of TME, viz., cancer-
associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, adipocytes, tumor-derived exosomes, extracellular
matrix, and other immune cells, which facilitate TME in malignant tumors. Evidence
suggests that the increased infiltration of TAMs and elevated expression of TAMrelated
genes are associated with a poor prognosis of BRCA. Based on these findings,
TAM-targeted therapeutic strategies, including inhibitors of CSF-1/CSF-1R, CCL2/CCR2,
CCL5-CCR5, bisphosphonate, nanoparticle, and exosomal-targeted delivery have
been developed, and are currently being employed in intervention trials.

Conclusion:

This review concludes the roles of biological mediators of TME that interact
with TAMs in BRCA, providing a rationale for TAM-targeted therapy as a novel
treatment approach for BRCA.
A Review on an Artificial Intelligence Based Ophthalmic Application
Authors: Kothandan Sudhakar , Radhakrishnan Arun , Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
Published: May 2022

Artificial intelligence is the leading branch of technology and innovation. The utility of artificial intelligence
in the field of medicine is also remarkable. From drug discovery and development to introducing
products to the market, artificial intelligence can play its role. As people age, they are more prone to be affected
by eye diseases around the globe. Early diagnosis and detection help minimize the risk of vision loss and
provide a quality life. With the help of artificial intelligence, the workload of humans and manmade errors can
be reduced to an extent. The need for artificial intelligence in the area of ophthalmic is also significant. In this
review, we elaborated on the use of artificial intelligence in the field of pharmaceutical product development,
mainly with its application in ophthalmic care. AI in the future has a high potential to increase the success rate
in the drug discovery phase has already been established. The application of artificial intelligence for drug
development, diagnosis, and treatment is also reported with the scientific evidence in this paper.
Withdrawn: Main Diagnostic Methods for COVID-19: Integrative Review
Authors: Zardeto Giuliana , de Campos Ana Sara Martins , de Souza Giandra Azolini Fernandes , de Jesus Renan Almeida , Donadel Guilherme , Dalmagro Mariana , de Almeida Canoff Jéssica Renata , Hoscheid Jaqueline , Alberton Odair , Boleta-Ceranto Daniela de Cássia Faglioni , Gonçalves Daniela Dib , Botelho Lourenço Emerson Luiz , Cogo Juliana
Published: May 2022

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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Effects of Musk Volatile Compounds on Attenuated Nerve Injury and Improving
Post-cerebral Ischemic Exercise Functions
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhang Meng-Meng , Wu Chun-Jie , Liang Qi , Wei Da-Neng , He Lin , Ye Xun
Published: May 2022

Background:

Reperfusion Injury Acute ischemic stroke is increasing in people recently and Musk, as a commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been suggested as a potential agent against acute ischemic stroke, but the efficacies and underlying mechanisms of it remain unknown.

Objective:

This study was aimed to tested the hypotheses that volatile compounds of musk could attenuate nerve injury and identify the bioactive compounds and potential mechanisms of Musk.

Method:

Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in vivo in Sprague-Dawley rats (SD rats) was used to test this hypothesis. Collecting ingredients of Musk and their related targets were discerned from the Gas chromatography-olfactory mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) experiment. Then the potential mechanisms and targets of the compounds were searched by network pharmacology techniques. Finally, the pathway was verified by Western Bolt (WB).

Results:

First, Musk treatment significantly up-regulated the relative levels of AKT1, PI3KA, and VEGFA in the hippocampus, and improved the sport functions in the post-MCAO ischemic rats in vivo. Next, twenty potential flavor active compounds were recognized by GC-O-MS. A total of 89 key targets including HIF-1, PIK3CA, TNF signaling pathway, and VEGF were identified. AKT1, HIF1A, PIK3CA, and VEGFA were viewed as the most important genes, which were validated by molecular docking simulation.

Conclusion:

The Volatile compounds of musk can attenuate nerve injury and improving post-cerebral ischemic exercise functions by HIF1A pathways, and the combined data provide novel insight for Musk volatile compounds developed as new drug for improving reperfusion injury in acute ischemic stroke.
N-acetyl Cysteine Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of LPSInduced MC3T3-E1 Cells Via Regulating Inflammatory Cytokines
Authors: Guo Ling , Li Wangyang , Zhang Hui , Chen Junchi , Tan Yujie , Li Ailing
Published: May 2022

Background:

Peri-implantitis is one of the most common complications in oral implantation and could lead to the loss of the function of bone tissues around implants.

Methods:

This study used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a stimulant for MC3T3-E1 cells and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as an inhibitor to inhibit the effect of LPS to investigate the effect of NAC on the expression of bone formation related factors and inflammatory related factors of osteoblasts under the action of LPS.

Results:

In this study, we found that the cell proliferation and cell differentiation were significantly promoted when NAC concentrations were between 0 ~ 0.5 mM, but was inhibited when the concentration exceeded 0.5 mM. LPS had a slightly promoting effect on the cell proliferation before 20 μg /mL but inhibited the cell proliferation after 20 μg/mL. LPS reduced protein and gene expressions of Runx2, ALP and BGP and increased protein and gene expressions of NF-κB and TNF-α. NAC reversibly regulated the LPS’s regulation on the expression of MC3T3-E1 cell cytokine gene and protein.

Conclusion:

The optimal NAC concentration for treating MC3T3-E1 cells is 0.5 mM and the optimal LPS concentration for stimulating MC3T3-E1 cells is 20 μg/mL. NAC plays an active role in regulating the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, and can inhibit LPS to regulate the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. NAC promotes the expression of osteogenic factor of MC3T3-E1cells and inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokines.
Identification of Protein Drug Targets of Biofilm Formation and Quorum
Sensing in Multidrug Resistant Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Kaushik Sanket , Yadav Jyoti , Das Satyajeet , Karthikeyan Divyapriya , Chug Ravneet , Jyoti Anupam , Srivastava Vijay Kumar , Jain Ajay , Kumar Sanjit , Sharma Vinay
Published: May 2022

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is an opportunistic multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen
found in the guts of humans and farmed animals. Due to the occurrence of (MDR) strain there is an
urgent need to look for an alternative treatment approach. E. faecalis is a Gram-positive bacterium,
which is among the most prevalent multidrug resistant hospital pathogens. Its ability to develop quorum
sensing (QS) mediated biofilm formation further exacerbates the pathogenicity and triggers lifethreatening
infections. Therefore, developing a suitable remedy for curing E. faecalis mediated enterococcal
infections is an arduous task. Several putative virulence factors and proteins are involved in the
development of biofilms in E. faecalis. Such proteins often play important roles in virulence, disease,
and colonization by pathogens. The elucidation of the structure-function relationship of such protein
drug targets and the interacting compounds could provide an attractive paradigm towards developing
structure-based drugs against E. faecalis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current
status, enigmas that warrant further studies, and the prospects toward alleviating the antibiotic resistance
in E. faecalis. Specifically, the role of biofilm and quorum sensing (QS) in the emergence of
MDR strains had been elaborated along with the importance of the protein drug targets involved in both
the processes.
Preclinical Evidence-based Review on Therapeutic Potential of
Eugenol for the Treatment of Brain Disorders
Authors: Goyal Ahsas , Solanki Ashutosh , Verma Aanchal
Published: May 2022

The increasing morbidness of brain disorders and conditions, such as anxiety,
stress, depression, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and others, have become
severe. Although researchers have spent a significant amount of time examining these
diseases and providing many benefits, there are still limited drugs available to treat
these disorders. Eugenol, a dietary component present in numerous plants and herbs,
possesses various health benefits. In various preclinical studies, eugenol has provided
significant protective effects against a variety of brain disorders. Thus, including eugenol
in the diet can fight various diseases and ensure a healthy life. Considering the fruitful
impact of this compound, this review focuses on the brain disorders in which eugenol
was used, and summarizes the beneficial properties of eugenol and its role in treating
various brain diseases.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) Reduces Hepatocyte Apoptosis by
Inhibiting Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) in Hemorrhagic Shock (HS)
Authors: Wang Lu , Rui Xi , He Huai-Wu , Zhou Xiang , Long Yun
Published: May 2022

Background:

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is the most common cause of
potentially preventable death after traumatic injury. Acute liver injury is an important
manifestation of HS. Apoptosis plays an important role in liver injury. Farnesoid X
receptor (FXR) can alleviate liver injury. This study aimed to examine the effects of
ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on hepatocyte apoptosis in HS and its relationship with
the FXR pathway.

Methods:

Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group, HS group, HS +
UDCA group, and FXR (-) + HS + UDCA group. There were 6 mice in each group. As to
the model of HS, MAP of 40 ± 5 mmHg was maintained for 1 hour. As to UDCA
intervention, UDCA (300mg/kg) was given nasally. Real-time RT-PCR and Western
blotting were used to detect changes in the expression level of Caspase-3, Bax, LC3Ⅰ,
LC3Ⅱ, Bcl-2, and Beclin-1 in the liver. TUNEL assay was used to detect changes in
hepatocyte apoptosis.

Results:

The expression level of Caspase-3 and Bax in the liver decreased significantly
after treatment with UDCA under HS conditions. The expression level of LC3Ⅰ, LC3Ⅱ,
Bcl-2, and Beclin-1 in the liver increased significantly after treatment with UDCA under
HS conditions. TUNEL positive percentage of liver decreased significantly after
treatment with UDCA under HS conditions. In the case of FXR (-), the influence of
UDCA was inhibited.

Conclusions:

These results indicated that UDCA could reduce hepatocyte apoptosis
during HS through the FXR pathway.
An Exhaustive Compilation on the Synthesis of Heterocycles Pendant on
the Fatty Acid Alkyl Chains
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed R. , Farag Ahmad M. , Khormi Afaf Y. , El-sayed Refat , Farghaly Thoraya A.
Published: May 2022

Fatty acids derived from oils and fats of different plant and animal resources are considered
one of the most valuable renewable precursors of the synthetic chemical and pharmaceutical
industries. On the other hand, heterocyclic compounds are well known nowadays by their constitution
of many commercialized drugs due to their unique biological activities. Combination between
fatty acids and heterocyclic compounds has made important advances in the construction of
valuable biologically relevant molecules in pharmaceutical industry. This review casts light on the
synthetic pathways for construction of the fatty acid-heterocycle hybrid up to date in a simple
classification and arranged manner.
Empowering Patients with Type 1 Diabetes through a Multidisciplinary
Team-assisted, Technology-Enabled Education Program
Authors: Kesavadev Jothydev , Sanal Geethu , Shijin Sajna , Krishna Viji , Basanth Anjana , Krishnan Gopika , Shankar Arun
Published: May 2022

Background:

Carbohydrate counting is a tool that helps patients with type 1 diabetes
(T1D) to control their blood glucose. It calculates the bolus insulin dose needed from the total
amount of carbohydrates consumed at each meal. However, carbohydrate counting can be quite
challenging. The Diabetes Tele Management System® (DTMS®) is a telemedicine-based program
that enables the patient to interact directly with a professionally trained, multidisciplinary team
(MDT) of experts. This, along with technology-enabled education programs, could allow people
with T1D to achieve glycemic control.

Methods:

Fifty patients with T1D between 5 and 35 years with a diabetes duration of at least 6
months, baseline HbA1c of 7 or above, using SCII or MDI and willing to take part in the study
were invited to participate in an MDT-assisted technology-enabled program and trained trimonthly
on carbohydrate counting. The control group went on to perform carbohydrate counting independently
and used technologies at their convenience. The test group additionally received continuous
individual assistance from the MDT.

Results:

The MDT-assisted patients had significantly decreased HbA1c, blood glucose levels, decreased
episodes of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, and reported a more positive outlook on
life.

Conclusion:

Carbohydrate counting remains a challenge for youth with T1D, and errors in counting
can have a clinical impact. Our data suggested that the assistance from an MDT of experts was
associated with improved carbohydrate counting, which led to improved glycemic control and reduced
complications.
MTHFR Polymorphisms and Cardiac Parameters in Patients with Diabetic
Retinopathy
Authors: Alcântara João Otávio Scarano , de Assis Caroline Severo , Diniz Tainá Gomes , de Sousa Brito Vanessa Polyana , de Oliveira Yohanna , Silva Alexandre Sérgio , de Queiroga Evangelista Isabella Wanderley , de Lima Gomes Fagner Dayan , de Morais Gomes Enéas Ricardo , do Nascimento Valério Marcelo Vasconcelos , de Lima Rafaela Lira Formiga Cavalcanti , Persuhn Darlene Camati
Published: May 2022

Background:

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is directly associated with cardiovascular dysfunctions
and microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). The association between
DR and increased risks of developing cardiovascular diseases has been described. The low
activity of the Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), an enzyme involved in the metabolism
of homocysteine, can lead to hyperhomocysteinemia that has already been related to cardiac
outcomes and resistance to insulin. The A1298C and C677T polymorphisms in the MTHFR can
reduce enzyme activity.

Objective:

The study aims to analyze the association between MTHFR genotypes and cardiac parameters
in patients with DR.

Method:

DM patients diagnosed with DR (n=65) were categorized and compared according to
MTHFR genotypes A1298C (AA and AC+CC groups) and C677T (CC and CT+TT) groups; biochemical,
cardiological, anthropometric, genetic, lifestyle and vitamin B9 and B12 consumption
variables. Fischer's exact test and Poisson regression were performed to assess the relationship between
variables.

Results:

Comparing echocardiographic and electrocardiogram parameters within genotypic groups,
we found a significant association between left atrial dilation and C677T polymorphism. Left atrium
diameter was higher in the T allele carriers (CT+TT group), with a prevalence ratio of 0.912.
This association was confirmed in the regression model, including confounding variables. The other
cardiac structural and functional parameters studied were not significantly associated with the
A1298C or C677T genotypes.

Conclusion:

The MTHFR C677T genotype may contribute to atrial remodeling in RD patients. We
found an association between the diameter of the left atrium and the T allele of the MTHFR C677T
polymorphism in patients with DR.
Therapeutic Effectiveness of Sesame Preparations and its Bioactive
Ingredients in Management of Cardiometabolic Syndrome in Diabetes
Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mahmoodi Mohammad Reza , Abbasi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

This systematic review aimed to appraise and recapitulate all research investigations
to elucidate the effects of Sesamum indicum preparations on managing the cardiometabolic
syndrome of Diabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods:

A systematic review was carried out in a Cochrane fashion and in compliance with the
PRISMA checklist using the published academic works in PubMed/MEDLINE, WOS, SCOPUS, and
EMBASE databases that were searched up to June 2021. Abstracts that met PICO criteria for qualitative
studies were duplicate reviewed for data extraction to assess the quality and details of the study.

Results:

Sesamum indicum preparations and its bioactive lignans, such as sesamin, sesamol, and
pinoresinol, were found to possess anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative,
anti-hypertensive, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective effects both in patients with
T2DM as well as in experimental animal models with T1DM and MetS. The incorporation of sesame
oil as a natural adjuvant can be effective in improving vascular reactivity and aortic permeability,
reproductive parameters, and diabetic nephropathy, as well as modification of anthropometry
indices. Therefore, sesame oil and bioactive lignans as combination therapy with drugs can exhibit
synergistic effects and provide a favorable preference in clinical settings.

Conclusion:

Sesame oil and lignans present in it act in a dose-dependent manner. The best dosage
to improve risk biomarkers of patients with T2DM and MetS is 30-35 ml daily of sesame oil or inclusion
of sesame oil in daily dietary patterns up to 30% of total energy for 8-12 weeks and/or 200
mg daily of sesamin supplementation for eight weeks.
Mechanisms behind the Role of SIBO in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver
Disease: An Interplay between Liver, Gut Microbiota and Nutrition
Authors: Yiğit Aslı , Samur Gülhan
Published: May 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known as the leading cause of chronic
liver disease in both children and adults. Increasing evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the intestinal
microbiota plays a key role in the regulation of various metabolic and inflammatory pathways,
which may result in the development of NAFLD. When normal liver physiology is impaired,
gut-derived factors may lead to increased tissue damage and inflammation. Small intestinal
bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as a condition in which a large amount of intestinal
bacteria are present in the small intestine. The permeability of the intestinal barrier increases with
SIBO, resulting in an increase in bacterial translocation and endotoxemia. SIBO is assumed to
play a critical role in the development and progression of NAFLD. Therefore, this review focuses
on the mechanisms in which SIBO may play a role in NAFLD and possible nutritional management
strategies such as a low FODMAP diet, probiotics and prebiotics targeting SIBO and
NAFLD.
Nutrition Intervention for Undernourished Older Adults amid the
COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fatmah Fatmah
Published: May 2022

Background:

Older adults are vulnerable to disease exposure because of the agerelated
decrease in immune capacity. Older adults with macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies
may have poor nutritional status and low immune responses, making them prone to
COVID-19 infection.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the effect of orange almond potato cookie supplementation
on weight, hemoglobin, and albumin levels in undernourished older adults during the COVID-19
pandemic.

Methods:

A quasi-experimental study design was utilized in a cohort of 31 older adults. The subjects
consumed 50 grams of cookies per day for 4 weeks. The examination was performed to assess
the hemoglobin and albumin levels at pre- and post-study timepoints. Education about balanced
nutrition and anemia was provided throughout the study using leaflets, flipcharts, and videos.
The subjects were weighed weekly to assess compliance; cookies were distributed, and a
daily food consumption record was collected three times a week during home visits.

Results:

Weight, hemoglobin, and albumin levels increased by 0.4 kg, 0.1 points, and 1 point,
respectively. The difference was significant for weight, albeit nonsignificant for hemoglobin and
albumin levels. At the end of the study, participants’ knowledge regarding balanced nutrition and
anemia was statistically significantly different, as well as that of energy, carbohydrate, protein,
fat, vitamin C, and iron intake. Weight gain was found to be influenced by the total cookie consumption
(p < 0.035).

Conclusion:

Orange almond potato cookies increased the undernourished older adults’ weight
when consumed for 4 weeks.
Adolescent’s Experiences of Doula Companion during Childbirth: A Randomized
Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Abdoli-Najmi Leila , Sattarzadeh-Jahdi Niloufar , Nourizadeh Roghaiyeh , Molaei Golnaz , Mohaddes Mahnaz
Published: May 2022

Background:

Adolescent pregnancy is considered a global health problem, and adolescent
mothers need to receive comprehensive support during labor and delivery.

Objective:

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of doula companions on the childbirth experience
of adolescent mothers.

Methods:

This trial study was conducted on 54 primigravid women under the age of 19 years referred
to the Taleghani educational-treatment center affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical
Sciences, Iran, from April to September, 2020. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention
(doula accompaniment) and control groups through block randomization using Random Allocation
Software with block sizes of 4 and 6. The data were collected using the demographic and obstetric
characteristics, Support and Control in Birth Questionnaire, Labor Agentry Scale, and the information
in the labor progress record. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24. Independent t-test
and ANCOVA were used.

Results:

The mean score of support and control in birth was 121 ± 14.55 in the intervention group
and 96.44 ± 15.8 in the control group (p <0.001). After intervention and adjusting the effect of support
and control in birth, no significant difference in childbirth experience was observed between the
two groups (AMD: 1.40, 95% CI: -2.25 to 5.07, p = 0.44).

Conclusion:

Considering the effectiveness of the doula companion in improving the support and control
in the birth of adolescent mothers, it is suggested to consider the doula support during labor and
childbirth as one of the interventions to improve the quality of maternal health care among adolescents.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:

IRCT20200628047944N1.
What is the Role of Tranexamic Acid in the Management of Postpartum
Haemorrhage? State of Art and Perspectives
Authors: Ferrari Filippo Alberto , Garz Simone Garzon , Cisotto Francesca , Uccella Stefano , Franchi Massimo
Published: May 2022

Primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) complicates the postpartum up to 11% of deliveries
with different incidences based on geographical regions and is the first cause of maternal
deaths, accounting for 25% of cases. Tranexamic acid may play a role in the delicate postpartum
balance in case of PPH, inhibiting the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin and reducing the
degradation of fibrin. We analyze literature evidence and the possible role of tranexamic acid in
clinical practice and future scenarios.