bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cortical feedback and gating in odor discrimination and generalization
Authors: Tavoni Gaia , Kersen David E. Chen , Balasubramanian Vijay
Published: October 2021

A central question in neuroscience is how context changes perception. In the olfactory system, for example, experiments show that task demands can drive divergence and convergence of cortical odor responses, likely underpinning olfactory discrimination and generalization. Here, we propose a simple statistical mechanism for this effect based on unstructured feedback from the central brain to the olfactory bulb, which represents the context associated with an odor, and sufficiently selective cortical gating of sensory inputs. Strikingly, the model predicts that both convergence and divergence of cortical odor patterns should increase when odors are initially more similar, an effect reported in recent experiments. The theory in turn predicts reversals of these trends following experimental manipulations and in neurological conditions that increase cortical excitability.
3D modelling of drug-coated balloons for the treatment of calcified superficial femoral arteries
Authors: Colombo Monika , Corti Anna , Berceli Scott , Migliavacca Francesco , McGinty Sean , Chiastra Claudio
Published: October 2021

Background/Objectives

Drug-coated balloon therapy for diseased superficial femoral arteries remains controversial. Despite its clinical relevance, only a few computational studies based on simplistic two-dimensional models have been proposed to investigate this endovascular therapy to date. This work addresses the aforementioned limitation by analyzing the drug transport and kinetics occurring during drug-coated balloon deployment in a three-dimensional geometry.

Methods

An idealized three-dimensional model of a superficial femoral artery presenting with a calcific plaque and treated with a drug-coated balloon was created to perform transient mass transport simulations. To account for the transport of drug (i.e. paclitaxel) released by the device, a diffusion-reaction equation was implemented by describing the drug bound to specific intracellular receptors through a non-linear, reversible reaction. The following features concerning procedural aspects, pathologies and modelling assumptions were investigated: (i) balloon application time (60–180 seconds); (ii) vessel wall composition (healthy vs. calcified wall); (iii) sequential balloon application; and (iv) drug wash-out by the blood stream vs. coating retention, modeled as exponential decay.

Results

The balloon inflation time impacted both the free and specifically-bound drug concentrations in the vessel wall. The vessel wall composition highly affected the drug concentrations. In particular, the specifically-bound drug concentration was four orders of magnitude lower in the calcific compared with healthy vessel wall portions, primarily as a result of reduced drug diffusion. The sequential application of two drug-coated balloons led to modest differences (~15%) in drug concentration immediately after inflation, which became negligible within 10 minutes. The retention of the balloon coating increased the drug concentration in the vessel wall fourfold.

Conclusions

The overall findings suggest that paclitaxel kinetics may be affected not only by the geometrical and compositional features of the vessel treated with the drug-coated balloon, but also by balloon design characteristics and procedural aspects that should be carefully considered.
Examining person-centered maternity care in a peri-urban setting in Embakasi, Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Oluoch-Aridi Jackline , Afulani Patience , Makanga Cindy , Guzman Danice , Miller-Graff Laura
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Peri-urban settings have high maternal mortality and the quality of care received in different types of health facilities is varied. Yet few studies have explored the construct of person-centered maternity care (PCMC) within peri-urban settings. Understanding women’s experience of maternity care in peri-urban settings will allow health facility managers and policy makers to improve services in these settings. This study examines factors associated with PCMC in a peri-urban setting in Kenya.

Methods and materials

We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study with 307 women aged 18–49 years who had delivered a baby within the preceding six weeks. Women were recruited from public (n = 118), private (n = 76), and faith based (n = 113) health facilities. We measured PCMC using the 30-item validated PCMC scale which evaluates women’s experiences of dignified and respectful care, supportive care, and communication and autonomy. Factors associated with PCMC were evaluated using multilevel models, with women nested within facilities.

Results

The average PCMC score was 58.2 (SD = 13.66) out of 90. Controlling for other factors, literate women had, on average, about 6-point higher PCMC scores than women who were not literate (β = 5.758, p = 0.006). Women whose first antenatal care (ANC) visit was in the second (β = -5.030, p = 0.006) and third trimester (β = -7.288, p = 0.003) had lower PCMC scores than those whose first ANC were in the first trimester. Women who were assisted by an unskilled attendant or an auxiliary nurse/midwife at birth had lower PCMC than those assisted by a nurse, midwife or clinical officer (β = -8.962, p = 0.016). Women who were interviewed by phone (β = -7.535, p = 0.006) had lower PCMC scores than those interviewed in person.

Conclusions

Factors associated with PCMC include literacy, ANC timing and duration, and delivery provider. There is a need to improve PCMC in these settings as part of broader quality improvement activities to improve maternal and neonatal health.
Research on the concentration, potential and mission of science and technology innovation in China
Authors: Li Ziyang , Shi Hongwei , Liu Hongda
Published: October 2021

Building an innovative country is a clear strategy for my country to promote economic, industrial, and social development. Mastering the status quo and late-comer advantages of technological innovation in my country’s provinces is an important prerequisite for accurately positioning the innovation mission of each province. This article innovatively uses innovation concentration and innovation potential to measure and analyze the provincial scientific and technological innovation level at the inventory and incremental level. Taking the cross-sectional data of 31 provinces in my country in 2019 as a sample, construct the provincial "innovation potential-innovation concentration" evaluation The index system, through the entropy weight method, determines the weight of each evaluation index, and uses the TOPSIS method to conduct multi-objective evaluation of each province. According to the calculation results of provincial scientific and technological innovation concentration and innovation potential, an in-depth interpretation of the spatial distribution of my country’s provincial scientific and technological innovation echelon is carried out. The study found that: the innovation concentration and innovation potential matrix echelon division of my country’s provinces is divided into four echelons, namely high innovation. The echelon of drivers with high concentration and high innovation potential, the echelon of followers with high innovation concentration and low innovation potential, the echelon of dark horses with low innovation concentration and high innovation potential, and the echelon of latecomers with low innovation concentration and low innovation potential. Finally, the positioning strategy of the innovation mission of each echelon province is put forward to provide reference and enlightenment for the construction of innovative provinces and the promotion of a scientific and technological power.
A Genomic Survey of Mayetiola destructor Mobilome Provides New Insights into the Evolutionary History of Transposable Elements in the Cecidomyiid Midges
Authors: Ben Amara Wiem , Quesneville Hadi , Khemakhem Maha Mezghani
Published: October 2021

The availability of the Whole-Genome Sequence of the wheat pest Mayetiola destructor offers the opportunity to investigate the Transposable Elements (TEs) content and their relationship with the genes involved in the insect virulence. In this study, de novo annotation carried out using REPET pipeline showed that TEs occupy approximately 16% of the genome and are represented by 1038 lineages. Class II elements were the most frequent and most TEs were inactive due to the deletions they have accumulated. The analyses of TEs ages revealed a first burst at 20% of divergence from present that mobilized many TE families including mostly Tc1/mariner and Gypsy superfamilies and a second burst at 2% of divergence, which involved mainly the class II elements suggesting new TEs invasions. Additionally, 86 TEs insertions involving recently transposed elements were identified. Among them, several MITEs and Gypsy retrotransposons were inserted in the vicinity of SSGP and chemosensory genes. The findings represent a valuable resource for more in-depth investigation of the TE impact onto M. destructor genome and their possible influence on the expression of the virulence and chemosensory genes and consequently the behavior of this pest towards its host plants.
The challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic and the way people deal with them. A qualitative longitudinal study
Authors: Maison Dominika , Jaworska Diana , Adamczyk Dominika , Affeltowicz Daria
Published: October 2021

The conducted qualitative research was aimed at capturing the biggest challenges related to the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The interviews were carried out in March-June (five stages of the research) and in October (the 6th stage of the research). A total of 115 in-depth individual interviews were conducted online with 20 respondents, in 6 stages. The results of the analysis showed that for all respondents the greatest challenges and the source of the greatest suffering were: a) limitation of direct contact with people; b) restrictions on movement and travel; c) necessary changes in active lifestyle; d) boredom and monotony; and e) uncertainty about the future.
Does board gender diversity weaken or strengthen executive risk-taking incentives?
Authors: Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Jiraporn Pornsit , Lee Sang Mook
Published: October 2021

We investigate the effect of board gender diversity on managerial risk-taking incentives. Our results demonstrate that companies with stronger board gender diversity provide more powerful executive risk-taking incentives. It appears that female directors’ risk aversion exacerbates managers’ risk aversion, resulting in a sub-optimal level of risk-taking. To offset this tendency for too little risk, companies are induced to provide stronger risk-taking incentives. Specifically, an increase in board gender diversity by one standard deviation raises vega by 10.3%. Further analysis corroborates the results, including propensity score matching, entropy balancing, and an instrumental-variable analysis. Endogeneity appears to be unlikely, suggesting that female directors are not merely associated with, but probably bring about stronger risk-taking incentives.
Modeling the emergence of affective polarization in the social media society
Authors: Törnberg Petter , Andersson Claes , Lindgren Kristian , Banisch Sven
Published: October 2021

Rising political polarization in recent decades has hampered and gridlocked policymaking, as well as weakened trust in democratic institutions. These developments have been linked to the idea that new media technology fosters extreme views and political conflict by facilitating self-segregation into “echo chambers” where opinions are isolated and reinforced. This opinion-centered picture has recently been challenged by an emerging political science literature on “affective polarization”, which suggests that current polarization is better understood as driven by partisanship emerging as a strong social identity. Through this lens, politics has become a question of competing social groups rather than differences in policy position. Contrary to the opinion-centered view, this identity-centered perspective has not been subject to dynamical formal modeling, which generally permits hypotheses about micro-level explanations for macro-level phenomena to be systematically tested and explored. We here propose a formal model that links new information technology to affective polarization via social psychological mechanisms of social identity. Our results suggest that new information technology catalyzes affective polarization by lowering search and interaction costs, which shifts the balance between centrifugal and centripetal forces of social identity. We find that the macro-dynamics of social identity is characterized by two stable regimes on the societal level: onefluid regime, in which identities are weak and social connections heterogeneous, and onesolid regimein which identities are strong and groups homogeneous. We also find evidence of hysteresis, meaning that a transition into a fragmented state is not readily reversed by again increasing those costs. This suggests that, due to systemic feedback effects, if polarization passes certain tipping points, we may experience run-away political polarization that is highly difficult to reverse.
Experimental evidence that changing beliefs about mask efficacy and social norms increase mask wearing for COVID-19 risk reduction: Results from the United States and Italy
Authors: Bokemper Scott E. , Cucciniello Maria , Rotesi Tiziano , Pin Paolo , Malik Amyn A. , Willebrand Kathryn , Paintsil Elliott E. , Omer Saad B. , Huber Gregory A. , Melegaro Alessia
Published: October 2021

In the absence of widespread vaccination for COVID-19, governments and public health officials have advocated for the public to wear masks during the pandemic. The decision to wear a mask in public is likely affected by both beliefs about its efficacy and the prevalence of the behavior. Greater mask use in the community may encourage others to follow this norm, but it also creates an incentive for individuals to free ride on the protection afforded to them by others. We report the results of two vignette-based experiments conducted in the United States (n= 3,100) and Italy (n= 2,659) to examine the causal relationship between beliefs, social norms, and reported intentions to engage in mask promoting behavior. In both countries, survey respondents were quota sampled to be representative of the country’s population on key demographics. We find that providing information about how masks protect others increases the likelihood that someone would wear a mask or encourage others to do so in the United States, but not in Italy. There is no effect of providing information about how masks protect the wearer in either country. Additionally, greater mask use increases intentions to wear a mask and encourage someone else to wear theirs properly in both the United States and Italy. Thus, community mask use may be self-reinforcing.
Measuring epistemic success of a biodiversity citizen science program: A citation study
Authors: Bedessem Baptiste , Julliard Romain , Montuschi Eleonora
Published: October 2021

This paper offers a comparative evaluation of the scientific impact of a citizen science program in ecology, ‘‘Vigie-Nature”, managed by the French National Museum of Natural History. Vigie-Nature consists of a national network of amateur observatories dedicated to a participative study of biodiversity in France that has been running for the last twenty years. We collected 123 articles published by Vigie-Nature in international peer-reviewed journals between 2007 and 2019, and computed the yearly amount of citations of these articles between 0–12 years post-publication. We then compared this body of citations with the number of yearly citations relative to the ensemble of the articles published in ecology and indexed in the ‘‘Web of Science” data-base. Using a longitudinal data analysis, we could observe that the yearly number of citations of the Vigie-Nature articles is significantly higher than that of the other publications in the same domain. Furthermore, this excess of citations tends to steadily grow over time: Vigie-Nature publications are about 1.5 times more cited 3 years after publication, and 3 times more cited 11 years post-publication. These results suggest that large-scale biodiversity citizen science projects are susceptible to reach a high epistemic impact, when managed in specific ways which need to be clarified through further investigations.
City vs. Town residents’ place attachment, perceptions and support for tourism development in a linear World Cultural Heritage Site
Authors: Cao Wei , Yu Wendong , Xu Jinhai
Published: October 2021

This study examines local residents’ place attachment (PA) to the city or town they live and investigates how this attachment influences their perceptions and support for tourism development (ST), as well as comparing the differences of these relationships among the city and town residents in a linear World Heritage Site (WHS) setting. Structural equation model was used to analyze samples of 226 city residents and 235 town residents along the Grand Canal Yangzhou Section, China. The findings suggested that residents’ PA is positively correlated their ST. Results also suggested that the PA-ST effect is partially mediated by residents’ positive perceptions in the city area while fully mediated by residents’ positive and negative perceptions in the town areas. This study could help local governments make heritage development and management policies accordingly for cities and towns along the Grand Canal area.
Comparative assessment of various supplementary diets on commercial honey bee (Apis mellifera) health and colony performance
Authors: Ahmad Saboor , Khan Khalid Ali , Khan Shahmshad Ahmed , Ghramh Hamed A. , Gul Aziz
Published: October 2021

A healthy honey bee stock is critical to the beekeeping industry and the sustainability of the ecosystem. The quality of the supplemental diet influences the development and strength of the colony, especially during the pollen dearth period in the surrounding environment. However, the extent to which pollen substitute protein feeding affects honey bee colony parameters is not fully known. We conducted this study to test the influence of various supplemental diets on foraging effort, pollen load, capped brood area, population density, and honey yield. The treatment groups were supplied with patties of pollen substitute diets, whereas sugar syrup was given to the control group. Our results indicated that honey bees consumed a significantly higher amount of Diet 1 (45 g soybean flour + 15 g Brewer’s yeast + 75 g powdered sugar + 7.5 g skimmed milk + 7.5 g date palm pollen + 200 mL sugar syrup supplement with Vitamin C) followed by others supplemented diets. Further, pollen load, worker-sealed brood area, population strength, and honey yield differed significantly when Diet 1 was consumed instead of other supplemental diets. The proportion of biological parameters was less in the control group as compared to other treatments. This study highlights the potential of supplemental diets to improve the bee’s health and colony development when the pollens availability and diversity are insufficient.
Smartphone applications for physical activity and sedentary behaviour change in people with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Patterson Kacie , Davey Rachel , Keegan Richard , Freene Nicole
Published: October 2021

Background

Smartphone applications provide new opportunities for secondary prevention healthcare. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine if smartphone applications are effective at changing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in people with cardiovascular disease.

Methods

Six electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Sports Discus and EMBASE) were searched from 2007 to October 2020. Cardiovascular disease secondary prevention physical activity or sedentary behaviour interventions were included where the primary element was a smartphone or tablet computer application (excluding SMS-only text-messaging). Study quality was assessed using validated tools appropriate for each study design. Random effects model was used and the pooled mean difference between post scores were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine differences based on diagnosis, sample size, age, intervention duration, activity tracker use, target behaviour, and self-report versus device-measured outcome.

Results

Nineteen studies with a total of 1,543 participants were included (coronary heart disease, n = 10; hypertension, n = 4; stroke, n = 3; heart failure, n = 1; peripheral artery disease, n = 1). Risk of bias was rated as high. Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Only two controlled studies reported on sedentary behaviour. Smartphone applications produced a significant increase of 40.35 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity per week (7 studies; p = 0.04; 95% CI 1.03 to 79.67) and 2,390 steps per day (3 studies; p = 0.0007; 95% CI 1,006.9 to 3,791.2). Subgroup analyses found no difference when comparing diagnoses, sample size, activity tracker use, target behaviour and self-report versus device-measured outcome. Larger improvements in physical activity were noted in intervention durations of ≤3-months and participants ≥60yrs (95.35 mins.week-1; p = 0.05).

Conclusions

Smartphone applications were effective in increasing physical activity in people with cardiovascular disease. Caution is warranted for the low-quality evidence, small sample and larger coronary heart disease representation. More rigorous research is needed to investigate the effect of smartphone applications across diagnoses and in sedentary behaviour.
Expedition Notes
Authors: Cortez Beatriz
Published: October 2021

Beatriz Cortez, Expedition Notes (2020–2021).
Nature’s Broken Clocks Reimaging Time in the Face of the Environmental Crisis
Authors: Kushinski Alysse
Published: October 2021

This article reviews Paul Huebener’s Nature’s Broken Clocks, which asserts the current climate crisis as a “a crisis of time,” critically engaging the criss-crossing temporalities imbricated with natural and cultural time.
Stratégiai paradigmaváltás szervezeti verseny(képesség) és az Operations management központi szerepe (Central role of strategic paradigm change, corporate competitiveness and operations management)
Authors: Czinkóczi Sándor
Published: October 2021

Az elmúlt két évtized folyamán a menedzserek megtanultak a megújult szabályok szerint játszani. Tudatosították, hogy a vállalatuk eredményes navigálásához folyamatosan figyelniük és adaptálniuk kell a legújabb módszereket, elméleteket. Jelen tanulmányával a szerző ezt a folyamatot kívánja segíteni, valamint arra az alapvető kérdésre keresi a választ, hogy érdemes-e a rendkívül gyorsan változó világban hosszabb távú célok meghatározásával foglalkozni, és ha igen, akkor mire összpontosítsák a vállalatok erőfeszítéseiket. Milyen részletezettséggel, milyen módon határozzák meg az elképzeléseiket úgy, hogy közben megőrizzék a vállalat flexibilitását, a változások idején nélkülözhetetlen agilitást. A szerző arra vállalkozik, hogy feltárja a stratégiai paradigmaváltás fejlődését, a termelési stratégia, az operations management központi meghatározó szereppé válását, valamint áttekintse a termelési és szolgáltatási rendszervezetés (OM) elveinek, eszközeinek, módszereinek fejlődését, kölcsönhatását, összefüggéseit. _______ Change of paradigm has taken place in strategic planning. Fight for position turned into a fight of movement. Companies strive to achieve individual, not copyable organizational performance, as well as to realize their business strategies by means of value generating, proactive approach. Operative management now placed in the focus of production strategy is becoming the compass, the driving force of leadership. The management of production and service systems has grown into independent scientific disciplines. It yielded such principles, tools and methods which are present as world-renowned blueprints (scientific tools) in the field of maintaining and developing corporate performance. In the present study the author specifies and discusses the tools of operative management as criteria of value generation aiming at quality and cost efficiency. He analyses the backto- back character, interrelationship of quality, TQM (Total Quality Management), TPS (Toyota Production System) and JIT (Just in Time). He examines the effects thereof on corporate performance where significant and strong relationship can be demonstrated in case there is an ability to plan and develop new products. The current new OM (Operations Management) techniques increasingly rely upon the quality of human resources, the permanent improvement of procedures as well as focusing on tight cooperation with suppliers/customers. Supply chain management, core competence management, service management now represent a “new generation” of the OM methods, processes, serving at the same time as basis and starting point for expectable future techniques as well.
Első- és másodfajú etikai kudarcok (Type I and type II ethical errors)
Authors: Győri Zsuzsanna
Published: October 2021

A cikkben a szerző a piac és a kormányzat kudarcaiból kiindulva azonosítja a közjó elérését célzó harmadik rendszer, az etikai felelősség kudarcait. Statisztikai analógiát használva elsőfajú kudarcként azonosítja, mikor az etikát nem veszik figyelembe, pedig szükség van rá. Ugyanakkor másodfajú kudarcként kezeli az etika profitnövelést célzó használatát, mely megtéveszti az érintetteteket, így még szélesebb utat enged az opportunista üzleti tevékenységnek. Meglátása szerint a három rendszer egymást nemcsak kiegészíti, de kölcsönösen korrigálja is. Ez az elsőfajú kudarc esetében általánosabb, a másodfajú kudarc megoldásához azonban a gazdasági élet alapvetéseinek átfogalmazására, az önérdek és az egydimenziós teljesítményértékelés helyett egy új, holisztikusabb szemléletű közgazdaságra van szükség. _______ In the article the author identifies the errors of ethical responsibility. That is the third system to attain common good, but have similar failures like the other two: the hands of the market and the government. Using statistical analogy the author identifies Type I error when ethics are not considered but it should be (null hypothesis is rejected however it’s true). She treats the usage of ethics to extend profit as Type II error. This misleads the stakeholders and makes room for opportunistic behaviour in business (null hypothesis is accepted in turn it’s false). In her opinion the three systems: the hand of the market, the government and the ethical management not only amend but interdependently correct each other. In the case of Type I error it is more general. Nevertheless to solve the Type II error we have to redefine the core principles of business. We need a more holistic approach in economics instead of self-interest and one-dimensional interpretation of value.
»… dann wird Gott dich mit großen Plagen und bösen Krankheiten heimsuchen« (Dtn 28,59)
Authors: Schmid Konrad
Published: October 2021

Catastrophes like global pandemics are very prone to generate different interpretations, also in the realm of religion and theology. It might be expected that the most common approach within the history of religion was to think of them as divine punishments for human sins. While this was the case in some instances, a closer look, however, reveals that ancient and medieval theologians were very reluctant to embark on that way of explanations and offered more theologically mature thoughts.
»Schwert, Hunger, Seuche« als Kurzformel für den Untergang Jerusalems
Authors: Maier Christl M.
Published: October 2021

Within the Hebrew Bible, terms for »pestilence« or »plague« mainly appear in connection to covenant, curses, and warfare. The essay locates the phenomenon within its ancient Near Eastern context and focuses on how the Hebrew texts describe and interpret this catastrophe. The peculiar triadic phrase »sword, hunger, pestilence«, frequent in the books of Jeremiah and Ezekiel, recalls the horrors of siege warfare, and especially the defeat of Jerusalem in 587 BCE. For the survivors of this catastrophe who seek to explain how this traumatic event could happen, the phrase serves as a literary topos for Yhwh’s reaction to Israel’s wrong-doings and as a shorthand for their cultural trauma.
Estado de São Paulo: a magnitude da ameaça do uso de praguicidas na agricultura
Authors: Poltroniéri Lígia Celoria
Published: October 2021

Estado de São Paulo: a magnitude da ameaça do uso de praguicidas na agricultura
Caracterização fisiográfica do município de Araguari
Authors: Rosa Roberto
Published: October 2021

Caracterização fisiográfica do município de Araguari
Reforma Urbana: reinventando as práticas da (na) cidade?
Authors: Vasconcellos Luiz Gonzaga Falcão
Published: October 2021

Reforma Urbana: reinventando as práticas da (na) cidade?
Avaliação preliminar das características e tendências demográficas do município de Juiz de Fora (MG)
Authors: Machado Pedro José de Oliveira
Published: October 2021

Avaliação preliminar das características e tendências demográficas do município de Juiz de Fora (MG)
“All kids matter”? Catholic institutional advocacy for federal COVID relief funding for non-public schools
Authors: Sellers Kathleen M.
Published: October 2021

This article explores the policy interests expressed by the largest private educational system in the United States, American Catholic schools, during the first four months of the COVID-19 crisis. Critical discourse analysis is applied to public texts produced by the Catholic Church between March 1 and July 1, 2020, in order to understand the discursive strategies through which this institution constructs meaning in the policy arena. This analysis illustrates how Catholic leaders use language to make racialized and low-income students “discursively invisible.”  The author documents a significant change in policy discourse, from neoconservative logics to neoliberal ones, which corresponds directly to political signaling from the Trump Administration. Drawing on critical race theory, the author suggests implications for policymakers and stakeholders.
Pengaruh Durasi Penggenangan terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif dan Waktu Berbunga Cabai Merah Keriting Capsicum annum (L.) Varietas Jacko
Authors: Insani Nia Nur , Darmanti Sri , Saptiningsih Endang
Published: October 2021

Cabai merah keriting (C. annum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas holtikultura yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi. Musim penghujan di Indonesia menyebabkan lahan pertanian tergenang sehingga mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan hasil panen cabai. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaruh durasi penggenangan terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan waktu berbunga cabai merah keriting (C. annum L.) varietas Jacko. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol, penggenangan durasi 1 hari, 3 hari, dan 10 hari. Masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan 5 ulangan. Desain penelitian menggunakan RAL satu faktor yaitu durasi penggenangan. Analisis data setelah perlakuan penggenangan menggunakan uji T taraf signifikansi 5% dan analisis data setelah periode pemulihan 30 hari menggunakan one-way ANOVA yang dilanjutkan ke uji LSD taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi penurunan panjang akar, jumlah daun, ukuran daun, perubahan warna daun, tinggi tanaman, bobot segar akar, dan bobot segar tajuk tanaman setelah perlakuan penggenangan. Diakhir periode pemulihan terjadi peningkatan pertumbuhan vegetatif pada semua perlakuan. Peningkatan durasi penggenangan menurunkan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman dan menunda waktu pembentukan tunas bunga. Pertumbuhan akar dan jumlah daun selama periode pemulihan merupakan faktor penting dalam adaptasi tanaman terhadap penggenangan. Capsicum annum L. is a horticultural commodity that has high economic value. The rainy season in Indonesia caused agricultural land to be flooded, which affected chili pepper's growth and yield. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of flooding duration on vegetative growth and flowering time of C. annum L. var. Jacko. The treatments consisted of control, flooding duration of 1 day, three days, and ten days. Each treatment used five replications. The research design used one-factor RAL, namely the duration of flooding. Data analysis after flooding treatment used the T-test with a significance level of 5%, and data analysis after the recovery period used one-way ANOVA followed by the LSD test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed a decrease in root length, leaf number, leaf size, leaf color change, plant height, root fresh weight, and shoot fresh weight after flooding treatment. At the end of the recovery period, there was an increase in vegetative growth in all treatments. Increasing the duration of flooding reduces the vegetative growth of plants and delays the time of flower bud formation. Root growth and number of leaves during the recovery period are important factors in plant adaptation to flooding.
Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) terhadap Struktur Histologis Pankreas Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) Hiperglikemia
Authors: Shofiati Nunuk , Mardiati Siti Muflichatun , Sitasiwi Agung Janika , Isdadiyanto Sri
Published: October 2021

Indikator klinis penyakit Diabetes Melitus adalah hiperglikemia. Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang berpotensi sebagai alternatif obat herbal hiperglikemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun mimba terhadap struktur histologis pankreas pada tikus hiperglikemia. Penelitian ini mengunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan jumlah tikus 24 ekor yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan. P0 (kontrol normal) adalah kelompok tikus normal yang diberi akuades, P1 (kontrol negatif) adalah tikus hiperglikemia yang diberi akuades. P2 (kontrol positif) adalah kelompok tikus hiperglikemia yang diberi glibenklamid dosis 2,25 mg/kg BB. P3, P4, dan P5 adalah kelompok tikus yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun mimba dosis 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kg BB. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA pada signifikansi 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ekstrak etanol daun mimba dosis 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kg BB tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap bobot pankreas, diameter, luas, dan densitas pulau Langerhans (P>0,05). Skoring struktur pulau Langerhans berdasarkan uji Mann-Whitneymenunjukkan hasil beda nyata pada kelompok  tikus yang diberi daun mimba (P≤0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, pemberian ekstrak daun mimba dosis 400mg/kg BB menunjukkan adanya perbaikan morfologi pulau Langerhans. The clinical indicator of Diabetes mellitus was hyperglycemia. Azadirachta indica A. Juss was a plant has the potential to alternative medicine for hyperglycemia. The study was to analyze the ethanol neem leaf extract effect on histological structure of hyperglycemic rat pancreas. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 24 rats were divided into 6 treatment groups and 4 replications. P0 (control) was a normal rats group were given distilled water, P1 (negative control) was a hyperglycemic rats group were given distilled water. P2 (positive control) was a hyperglycemic rats were given 2.25 mg/kg BW of glibenclamide. P3, P4, and P5 were rats were given 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW of ethanolic neem leaf extract.The data analyzed by ANOVA at 95% significance showed the treatment of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW ethanolic neem leaf extract had no significant effect on the pancreatic weight, diameter, area, and density of Langerhans islet (P> 0.05). The score of Langerhans islet structure based on the Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences in the groups of mice given neem leaves (P≤0.05). Treatment of 400mg/Kg BW neem leaf extract showed an improvement in the morphology of the islets of Langerhans.
Pertambahan Biomassa dan Produksi Minyak Atsiri Tanaman Selasih (Ocimum basilicum L.) pada Usia Panen yang Berbeda
Authors: Abdulaziz Rasyid , Suedy Sri Widodo Agung , Izzati Munifatul
Published: October 2021

Selasih (Ocimum basilicum L.) memiliki kandungan minyak atsiri yang dapat digunakan dalam industri kosmetik, parfum, dan medis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan usia panen dengan biomassa dan produksi minyak atsiri pada organ daun serta batang selasih. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial, dengan faktor pertama usia panen (1; 1,5; dan 2 bulan), dan faktor kedua organ tanaman (daun dan batang). Media tanam menggunakan tanah dan kompos (1:1) yang dimasukkan dalam polibag ukuran 30cm x 30cm, dan diberi naungan paranet 25%. Parameter yang diamati: data pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan cabang primer), biomassa, dan produksi minyak atsiri. Analisis data menggunakan Anaylysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan Duncan's Multiple Range Test(DMRT) pada taraf kepercayaan 95 %. Penelitian menunjukkan hasil bahwa tanaman yang dipanen pada umur lebih tua menunjukkan pertumbuhan, biomassa dan produksi minyak atsiri yang lebih tinggi. Pada usia 1,5 bulan, biomassa meningkat 114,485% dibanding usia 1 bulan, sedangkan pada usia 2 bulan, peningkatan biomasa 91,410%  dibanding usia1,5 bulan. Produksi minyak atsiri tertinggi dihasilkan oleh organ daun pada usia panen 2 bulan sebesar 0,273g, dan 0,023g pada organ batang. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usia panen berbeda berpengaruh nyata terhadap biomassa dan produksi minyak atsiri tanaman selasih. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) contains essential oils that can be used in the cosmetic, perfume, medical industries. This study aims to determine the relationship between harvest age and biomass and essential oil production in basil leaves and stems. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern, with the first factor being harvest age (1; 1.5; and 2 months), and the second factor being plant organs (leaves and stems). The planting medium used soil and compost (1:1) which was put in 30cm x 30cm polybags and was given a 25% para net shade. Parameters observed: growth data (plant height, number of leaves, and primary branches), biomass, and essential oil production. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 95% confidence level. Research shows that plants harvested at an older age show higher growth, biomass, and essential oil production. At the age of 1.5 months, biomass increased by 114.485% compared to the age of 1 month, while at the age of 2 months, the increase in biomass was 91.410% compared to the age of 1.5 months. The highest essential oil production was produced by leaf organs at 2 months of harvesting at 0.273g, and 0.023g in stem organs. The conclusion of this study showed that different harvest ages had a significant effect on the biomass and essential oil production of basil plants.
Critical nonlocal Schrödinger-Poisson system on the Heisenberg group
Authors: Liu Zeyi , Tao Lulu , Zhang Deli , Liang Sihua , Song Yueqiang
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we are concerned with the following a new critical nonlocal Schrödinger-Poisson system on the Heisenberg group:

−

a
−
b

∫

Ω

|

∇

H

u

|

2

d
ξ

Δ

H

u
+
μ
ϕ
u
=
λ

|

u

|

q
−
2

u
+

|

u

|

2

u
,

in

Ω
,

−

Δ

H

ϕ
=

u
2

,

in

Ω
,

u
=
ϕ
=
0
,

on

∂
Ω
,

$$\begin{equation*}\begin{cases} -\left(a-b\int_{\Omega}|\nabla_{H}u|^{2}d\xi\right)\Delta_{H}u+\mu\phi u=\lambda|u|^{q-2}u+|u|^{2}u,\quad &\mbox{in} \, \Omega,\\ -\Delta_{H}\phi=u^2,\quad &\mbox{in}\, \Omega,\\ u=\phi=0,\quad &\mbox{on}\, \partial\Omega, \end{cases}
\end{equation*}$$

where Δ
H
is the Kohn-Laplacian on the first Heisenberg group

H

1

$ \mathbb{H}^1 $

, and

Ω
⊂

H

1

$ \Omega\subset \mathbb{H}^1 $

is a smooth bounded domain, a, b > 0, 1 < q < 2 or 2 < q < 4, λ > 0 and

μ
∈

R

$ \mu\in \mathbb{R} $

are some real parameters. Existence and multiplicity of solutions are obtained by an application of the mountain pass theorem, the Ekeland variational principle, the Krasnoselskii genus theorem and the Clark critical point theorem, respectively. However, there are several difficulties arising in the framework of Heisenberg groups, also due to the presence of the non-local coefficient (a − b∫Ω∣∇
H

u∣2
dx) as well as critical nonlinearities. Moreover, our results are new even on the Euclidean case.
The dynamics and geographic disjunction of the kelp Eisenia arborea along the west coast of Canada
Authors: Watson Jane C. , Hawkes Michael W. , Lee Lynn C. , Lamb Andy
Published: October 2021

Eisenia arborea has a disjunct distribution along the west coast of North America. We detail the current distribution of E. arborea and use long-term records to examine how present-day shifts in E. arborea prevalence and abundance in British Columbia (BC), relative to the dominant stipitate kelp Pterygophora californica, may be driven by interactions between changing grazing pressure and warming water. We further speculate on how the disjunction of E. arborea arose. The ancestor of E. arborea likely dispersed from Japan to North America where glaciation disrupted its distribution and speciation occurred. As glaciers retreated E. arborea likely dispersed into BC from warmer waters in the south and/or expanded from refugia off Vancouver Island and Haida Gwaii. While E. arborea is uncommon, our records extend its range into Alaska and Washington State. Along western Vancouver Island, BC, under warming conditions, E. arborea prevalence and abundance increased where once-extirpated sea otters (Enhydra lutris) removed urchins. Where otters were absent, however, reduced summer wave heights, associated with warming, apparently allowed urchins to graze shallow-water kelps, which declined. We suggest that under warming conditions, sea otters may increase kelp resilience, with E. arborea becoming more prevalent in NE Pacific kelp forests.
以“了”为端点构拟汉语语法的体系统模型
Authors: 燕梅 柳
Published: October 2021

提 要

本文对 “了” 的本体研究成果进行梳理总结, 首先, 把句末“了”和词尾“了”都归于体助词。两个“了”代表着事件、动作内部动态发展过程“体”中的两个端点: 发生起点(句末“了”)和完成结点(词尾“了”), 在此语法意义基础上探讨了两个“了”的句法条件和语用规则。其次, 通过对比时和体、汉语与英语时体系统的不同, 对汉语的时态提出了“已然”和“未然”两种时态隐性表达的假设。并根据汉语的不同体阶段构拟了汉语体系统的模型, 以图表方式总结汉语体系统中各个体助词的语法意义、句法条件和语用规则。然后, 基于“最近发展区”的教学理论, 提出在对外汉语教学中使用体系统的模型辅助体助词的教学, 以词尾“了”的教学举例来示范说明使用体模型的教学步骤和活动, 帮助学生对汉语语法的体系统全景有一个清晰的认识和了解。最后, 本文建议开展对“了”教学的不同尝试和实验, 探讨解决汉语语法教学中这一难点的有效方法和途径。
Individual Differences in Perceptions of Social Presence: Exploring the Role of Personality in Online Distance Learning
Authors: Weidlich Joshua , Kreijns Karel , Bastiaens Theo J.
Published: October 2021

Social presence is a central concept relating to interpersonal aspects in online distance learning. However, the conditions and determinants of its emergence are not yet fully understood. As a construct rooted in social psychology, the potential of individual differences predicting perceptions of social presence has been largely neglected, thus, constituting a gap in our understanding. In a sample of 201 online distance education students, the merits of a trait-level view of social presence were investigated. To this end, personality was assessed using the Big Five personality inventory, exploring both a dimensional and a typological approach. Results suggest that specific personality typologies may be more prone to perceptions of social presence, thus calling for an extension of our theoretical modeling of the construct.
On spectral and non-spectral problem for the planar self-similar measures with four element digit sets
Authors: Li Qian , Wu Zhi-Yi
Published: October 2021

We consider the self-similar measure

μ

M
,
𝒟

{\mu_{M,{\mathcal{D}}}}

generated by an expanding real matrix

M
=

(

ρ

-
1

0

0

ρ

-
1

)

∈

M
2

⁢

(
ℝ
)

{M=\begin{pmatrix}\rho^{-1}&0\\
0&\rho^{-1}\end{pmatrix}\in M_{2}({\mathbb{R}})}

and a digit set

𝒟
=

{

(

0

0

)

,

(

a

b

)

,

(

c

d

)

,

(

a
+
c

b
+
d

)

}

⊆

ℤ
2

.

{{\mathcal{D}}=\Biggl{\{}\begin{pmatrix}0\\
0\end{pmatrix},\begin{pmatrix}a\\
b\end{pmatrix},\begin{pmatrix}c\\
d\end{pmatrix},\begin{pmatrix}a+c\\
b+d\end{pmatrix}\Biggr{\}}\subseteq{\mathbb{Z}}^{2}}.

In this paper, we study the spectral and non-spectral problems of

μ

M
,
𝒟

{\mu_{M,{\mathcal{D}}}}

. In this case that

(

a

b

)

{(\begin{smallmatrix}a\\
b\end{smallmatrix})}

and

(

c

d

)

{(\begin{smallmatrix}c\\
d\end{smallmatrix})}

are two independent vectors, we prove that if

ρ

-
1

∈
ℤ

{\rho^{-1}\in{\mathbb{Z}}}

, then

μ

M
,
𝒟

{\mu_{M,{\mathcal{D}}}}

is a spectral measure if and only if

ρ

-
1

∈

2
⁢
ℤ

{\rho^{-1}\in 2{\mathbb{Z}}}

.
For the case that

(

a

b

)

{(\begin{smallmatrix}a\\
b\end{smallmatrix})}

and

(

c

d

)

{(\begin{smallmatrix}c\\
d\end{smallmatrix})}

are two dependent vectors, we first give the sufficient and necessary condition for

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
𝒟

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,{\mathcal{D}}})}

to contain an infinite orthogonal set of exponential functions. Based on this result, we can give the exact cardinality of orthogonal exponential functions in

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
𝒟

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,{\mathcal{D}}})}

when

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
𝒟

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,{\mathcal{D}}})}

does not admit any infinite orthogonal set of exponential functions by classifying the values of ρ.
Effect of groundwater fluctuation, construction, and retaining system on slope stability of Avas Hill in Hungary
Authors: Hemid Eslam M. , Kántor Tamás , Tamma Ahmed A. , Masoud Mostafa A.
Published: October 2021

Landslides are one of the natural hazards, which have significant negative effects on both humans and the environment. Thus, slope stability analyses and stabilization processes are necessary to obviate or mitigate landslides. In this study, the effect of groundwater level fluctuations and the construction of a building (i.e., a recently built church) on slope stability was investigated on the eastern slope of the Avas Hill, at Miskolc, in Northeast Hungary. Soil movements and groundwater levels were monitored and geological and slope stability models were constructed. Furthermore, the possibility of constructing a retaining system was evaluated to minimize the detrimental effects of both groundwater level fluctuations and the construction of the church. The findings showed that the fluctuation in groundwater levels had a destructive effect on slope stability due to pore-water pressure, which decreased the soil strength of the slope and slope stability. On the other hand, the church added an external load onto the underlying soil leading to an increase in slope instability. Hence, we suggested constructing retaining structures such as gravity retaining walls to increase the soil shear strength and enhance slope stability in the long term.
Several characterizations of Bessel functions and their applications
Authors: Nahid Tabinda , Ali Mahvish
Published: October 2021

The present work deals with the mathematical investigation of some generalizations of Bessel functions. The main motive of this paper is to show that the generating function can be employed efficiently to obtain certain results for special functions. The complex form of Bessel functions is introduced by means of the generating function. Certain enthralling properties for complex Bessel functions are investigated using the generating function method. By considering separately the real and the imaginary part of complex Bessel functions, we get respectively cosine-Bessel functions and sine-Bessel functions for which several novel identities and Jacobi–Anger expansions are established. Also, the generating function of degenerate Bessel functions is investigated and certain novel identities are obtained for them. A hybrid form of degenerate Bessel functions, namely, of degenerate Fubini–Bessel functions, is constructed using the replacement technique. Finally, the explicit forms of the real and the imaginary part of complex Bessel functions are established by a hypergeometric approach.