bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE GROWTH POINTS OF ECONOMY: THE EXPERIENCE OF CHINA AND RUSSIA
Authors: Shavina E. V.
Published: December 2018

The article discusses the Chinese and Russian experience in the transition to an innovative economy.Chinais the most successful example in stimulating innovation in the country, effective public administration of the innovation sector and the rapid growth of high-tech industries and number of companies in these industries. The author analyzes the mechanisms by whichChinawas able to reach a new level of technological development. The creation of special economic zones, industrial and innovation clusters, as well as high-tech zones in which technoparks, haxpaces and unicorns were located, served as the basis for the formation ofChina's national innovation system. A well-developed knowledge transfer system in technology based on the «triple helix» model of Henry Izkowitz, which is based on the integration of universities with government and business, has enabledChinato become a leader in science and high technology. Special attention is paid to the Russian practice. The author identifies such rivers of innovative growth of the Russian economy as innovative territorial clusters and technoparks created primarily in special economic zones and territories of advanced socioeconomic development. It is innovative clusters that can be the points of growth of the national economy that will make it possible to effectively use the innovative potential ofRussiato increase its competitiveness in the world.
FREE AND OPEN INDO–PACIFIC AS THE NEW BASIS OF JAPANESE TRADE POLICY IN THE ASIA–PACIFIC REGION
Authors: Vasiliev V. S. , Chudinova K. O.
Published: December 2018

The consequences of the APEC summit held on November 17–18, 2018 are analyzed. It is emphasized that the summit ended with little or no result due to the growing trade and economic contradictions between theUnited StatesandChina, which have the potential to significantly weaken trade and economic ties in the Asia-Pacific region. Under these conditions, after theUSwithdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TTP),Japanis increasingly taking the path of bilateral and regional agreements with the countries of the Asia-Pacific Region, including the People's Republic ofChina.Japanconsistently pursues this policy in the framework of the strategy of the Free and Open Indo-Pacific Region proclaimed in 2016. This strategy will allowJapanto insure itself against the possible eventual occurrence of the American-Japanese trade war, taking into account the fact thatJapanhas a growing positive balance in trade with theUnited States.Japanhas all high hopes on the establishment of a Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership with the participation of 16 countries. At the same time, the APR is increasingly becoming a zone of military rivalry between the states of this region, which is an additional factor complicating the ongoing development of Japan’s trade and economic ties with many APR countries.
INTERNATIONAL SPECIALIZATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS IN THE EAEU: OPPORTUNITIES FORI NVESTMENT INTEGRATION
Authors: Petrushkevich A. N.
Published: December 2018

The article presents the possibility of using a country's bilateral trade analysis as the informational basis for identifying priority areas and industries in manufacturing from which outward direct investment (ODI) could be promoted to the host countries that are trading partners within the integration area. There has been elaborated a methodology for determining priority industries and types of ODI strategies. It includes eight stages of a dynamic assessment of the country's international specialization change in bilateral trade. The methodology comprises the evaluation of the following indicators: comparative advantages in international trade between the country and partners in order to determine the priority sectors for ODI identify the types of ODI strategies; the nature of intra-industry trade of the country and partner countries to determine the possibilities for global and regional value chains creation. The methodology has been applied to the case of theRepublicofBelarus. There have been evaluated the dynamic changes in its international specialization in bilateral trade with the EAEU partner countries on the basis of the 4-digit UN Standard International Trade Classification code. Static and dynamic effects of integration were identified, on the basis of which the types of potential ODI strategies fromBelarusto the EAEU partner countries were revealed.
Prognostic Impact of Lymphadenectomy in Different Stages of Malignant Germ Cell Tumor of the Ovary Based on Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Chen Ying , Ning Yang , Zhang Qinghua , Xie Ying
Published: December 2018

Background:

Lymphadenectomy has been widely used in the treatment of malignant
germ cell tumor of the ovary (OGCT), which is a kind of ovarian cancers occurred mostly in young
women and adolescent girls. But the clinical decision mainly depends on the doctor’s experience
without a well-defined guideline. This population-based study aimed to evaluate the prognostic
impact of lymphadenectomy in different stages of malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary.

Methods:

Patients with known status of lymphadenectomy in different stages of OGCT were
explored from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database from
1973 to 2013. We used propensity score matching algorithm to reduce the selection bias between the
two study groups. Survival curves, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were
applied to evaluate the prognostic impact of lymphadenectomy in different stages of OGCT.

Results:

We included 1,996 OGCT patients in the study, and 818 (41%) of them had lymph node
resection. Compared to the LND- group, patients with lymph node resection tended to be at stage II
and III, had larger tumor sizes and diagnosed as dysgerminoma. The influence of diagnosis ages,
marital status and tumor grades were significantly decreased by applying the propensity score
matching. Lymphadenectomy-positive (LND+) group demonstrated significantly worse survival than
the lymphadenectomy-negative (LND-) group in later stages (stage III, overall, P=0.027, cancerspecific,
P=0.006; stage IV, overall, P=0.034, cancer-specific, P=0.037). While, both the overall and
cancer-specific survival showed no significant differences between LND+ and LND- in stage I
(overall, P=0.411, cancer-specific, P=0.876) and stage II (overall, P=12, cancer-specific, P=0.061).
Univariate (overall, HR=1.497, CI=1.010-2.217, P=0.044; cancer-specific, HR=1.524, CI=1.067-
2.404, P=0.050) and multivariate (overall, HR=1.580, CI=1.046-2.387, P=0.030; cancer-specific,
HR=1.661, CI=1.027-2.686, P=0.039) Cox proportional model both verified the association between
the lymph node resection and better survival in the whole cohort.

Conclusion:

Lymphadenectomy significantly increased the survival probability of OGCT patients in
stage III and IV, but had no significant influence on early-stage patients (stage I and II), indicating
lymphadenectomy should be performed in a stage-dependent manner in clinical utility.
Nanotherapy Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Gong Bo-Shen , Wang Rui , Xu Hong-Xia , Miao Ming-Yong , Yao Zhen-Zhen
Published: December 2018

Cancer is characterized by high mortality and low curability. Recent studies have shown
that the mechanism of tumor resistance involves not only endogenous changes to tumor cells, but
also to the tumor microenvironment (TME), which provides the necessary conditions for the growth,
invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells, akin to Stephen Paget’s hypothesis of “seed and soil.”
Hence, the TME is a significant target for cancer therapy via nanoparticles, which can carry different
kinds of drugs targeting different types or stages of tumors. The key step of nanotherapy is the
achievement of accurate active or passive targeting to trigger drugs precisely at tumor cells, with less
toxicity and fewer side effects. With deepened understanding of the tumor microenvironment and
rapid development of the nanomaterial industry, the mechanisms of nanotherapy could be individualized
according to the specific TME characteristics, including low pH, cancer-associated fibroblasts
(CAFs), and increased expression of metalloproteinase. However, some abnormal features of the
TME limit drugs from reaching all tumor cells in lethal concentrations, and the characteristics of tumors
vary in numerous ways, resulting in great challenges for the clinical application of nanotherapy.
In this review, we discuss the essential role of the tumor microenvironment in the genesis and
development of tumors, as well as the measures required to improve the therapeutic effects of tumor
microenvironment-targeting nanoparticles and ways to reduce damage to normal tissue.
Integrated Ligand and Structure-Based Investigation of Structural Requirements for Silent Information Regulator 1 (SIRT1) Activation
Authors: Gupta Amit K. , Choi Sun
Published: December 2018

A series of imidazothiazole and oxazolopyridine derivatives as human Silent Information
Regulator 1 (SIRT1) activators were subjected to the integrated 2D and 3D QSAR approaches. The derived
3D QSAR models yielded high cross-validated q2 values of 0.682 and 0.628 for CoMFA and
CoMSIA, respectively. The non-cross validated values of r2
training
= 0.89; predictive r2
test = 0.69 for
CoMFA and r2=0.87; predictive r2
test =0.67 for CoMSIA reflected the statistical significance of the developed
model. The steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen bond acceptor interactions have
been found important in describing the variation in human SIRT1 activation. Further, 2D QSAR model
for the same dataset yielded high statistical significance and derived 2D model’s parameters corroborated
with the 3D model in terms of features. Derived model was also validated by the crystal structure
of active conformation of SIRT1. Developed models may be useful for the identification of potential
novel human SIRT1 activators as a therapeutic agent.
A Facile Synthesis and Reactions of Some Novel Pyrazole-based Heterocycles
Authors: Abeed Ahmed A.O. , El-Emary Talaat I. , Youssef Mohamed S.K.
Published: December 2018

Aim and Objective: This work presents the synthetic capability and the exploitation of 1,3-diphenyl-
1H-pyrazole-4-carboxladehyde 1 and 5-diphenyl pyrazolyl-2-pyrazoline analogue 8 to serve as excellent
precursors for the synthesis of substituted indol-2,3-dione, trizolo[3,4-a]benzazoles, thiazolo[2,3-
a]benzimidazole-3-one, substituted 2-pyrazoline and pyrazole-substituted-pyrazolines using various reagents.

Materials and Methods: Using chemicals from Aldrich, Fluka, or Merck, and pure solvents, we apply the
synthetic procedures for the synthesis of novel heterocycles. The melting points of these compounds were determined
using APP. Digital ST 15 melting point apparatus. SP3-100 spectrophotometer recorded FT-IR spectra
(KBr) (cm-1). NMR spectra (δ, ppm) were recorded on 400 MHz AVANCE-III High-Performance
FT-NMR Spectrometer BRUCKER (Switzerland) and some 1H NMR spectra were recorded on Varian
EM-360L NMR Spectrophotometer (90 MHz) (USA) in CDCl3 or DMSO-d6 as a solvent. Elemental analyses
were carried out at a Vario EL C, H, N, and S Analyzer. Bromine was determined using direct titration method
after carius combustion.

Results: The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analyses.

Conclusion: 1,3-Diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxladehyde 1 and 2-pyrazoline derivative 9 confirmed their
importance in the synthetic organic chemistry. Depending on the formyl group of aldehyde 1 and active
methylene of pyrazoline 8, we synthesized new series of heterocycles; indol-2,3-dione, trizolo[3,4-a]benzazole,
thiazolo[2,3-a]benzimidazole-3-one and pyrazolyl-pyrazoline derivatives expecting their pharmacological applications.
The targeted compounds were substantiated from its spectral data.
The Inhibition of Polysialyltranseferase ST8SiaIV Through Heparin Binding to Polysialyltransferase Domain (PSTD)
Authors: Peng Li-Xin , Liu Xue-Hui , Lu Bo , Liao Si-Ming , Zhou Feng , Huang Ji-Min , Chen Dong , Troy II Frederic A. , Zhou Guo-Ping , Huang Ri-Bo
Published: December 2018

Background:

The polysialic acid (polySia) is a unique carbohydrate polymer produced on the surface Of Neuronal Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) in a number of cancer cells, and strongly correlates with the migration and invasion of tumor cells and with aggressive, metastatic disease and poor clinical prognosis in the clinic. Its synthesis is catalyzed by two polysialyltransferases (polySTs), ST8SiaIV (PST) and ST8SiaII (STX). Selective inhibition of polySTs, therefore, presents a therapeutic opportunity to inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis due to NCAM polysialylation. Heparin has been found to be effective in inhibiting the ST8Sia IV activity, but no clear molecular rationale. It has been found that polysialyltransferase domain (PSTD) in polyST plays a significant role in influencing polyST activity, and thus it is critical for NCAM polysialylation based on the previous studies.

Objective:

To determine whether the three different types of heparin (unfractionated hepain (UFH), low molecular heparin (LMWH) and heparin tetrasaccharide (DP4)) is bound to the PSTD; and if so, what are the critical residues of the PSTD for these binding complexes?

Methods:

Fluorescence quenching analysis, the Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy were used to determine and analyze interactions of PSTD-UFH, PSTD-LMWH, and PSTD-DP4.

Results:

The fluorescence quenching analysis indicates that the PSTD-UFH binding is the strongest and the PSTD-DP4 binding is the weakest among these three types of the binding; the CD spectra showed that mainly the PSTD-heparin interactions caused a reduction in signal intensity but not marked decrease in α-helix content; the NMR data of the PSTD-DP4 and the PSTDLMWH interactions showed that the different types of heparin shared 12 common binding sites at N247, V251, R252, T253, S257, R265, Y267, W268, L269, V273, I275, and K276, which were mainly distributed in the long α-helix of the PSTD and the short 3-residue loop of the C-terminal PSTD. In addition, three residues K246, K250 and A254 were bound to the LMWH, but not to DP4. This suggests that the PSTD-LMWH binding is stronger than the PSTD-DP4 binding, and the LMWH is a more effective inhibitor than DP4.

Conclusion:

The findings in the present study demonstrate that PSTD domain is a potential target of heparin and may provide new insights into the molecular rationale of heparin-inhibiting NCAM polysialylation.
Structural Variability in the RLR-MAVS Pathway and Sensitive Detection of Viral RNAs
Authors: Jiang Qiu-Xing
Published: December 2018

Cells need high-sensitivity detection of non-self molecules in order to fight against pathogens. These cellular sensors are thus of significant importance to medicinal purposes, especially for treating novel emerging pathogens. RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are intracellular sensors for viral RNAs (vRNAs). Their active forms activate mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and trigger downstream immune responses against viral infection. Functional and structural studies of the RLR-MAVS signaling pathway have revealed significant supramolecular variability in the past few years, which revealed different aspects of the functional signaling pathway. Here I will discuss the molecular events of RLR-MAVS pathway from the angle of detecting single copy or a very low copy number of vRNAs in the presence of non-specific competition from cytosolic RNAs, and review key structural variability in the RLR / vRNA complexes, the MAVS helical polymers, and the adapter-mediated interactions between the active RLR / vRNA complex and the inactive MAVS in triggering the initiation of the MAVS filaments. These structural variations may not be exclusive to each other, but instead may reflect the adaptation of the signaling pathways to different conditions or reach different levels of sensitivity in its response to exogenous vRNAs.
Synthesis, Molecular Modelling and Biological Studies of 3-hydroxypyrane- 4-one and 3-hydroxy-pyridine-4-one Derivatives as HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors
Authors: Sirous Hajar , Fassihi Afshin , Brogi Simone , Campiani Giuseppe , Christ Frauke , Debyser Zeger , Gemma Sandra , Butini Stefania , Chemi Giulia , Grillo Alessandro , Zabihollahi Rezvan , Aghasadeghi Mohammad R. , Saghaie Lotfollah , Memarian Hamid R.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Despite the progress in the discovery of antiretroviral compounds for treating HIV-1 infection by targeting HIV integrase (IN), a promising and well-known drug target against HIV-1, there is a growing need to increase the armamentarium against HIV, for avoiding the drug resistance issue.

Objective:

To develop novel HIV-1 IN inhibitors, a series of 3-hydroxy-pyrane-4-one (HP) and 3- hydroxy-pyridine-4-one (HPO) derivatives have been rationally designed and synthesized.

Methods:

To provide a significant characterization of the novel compounds, in-depth computational analysis was performed using a novel HIV-1 IN/DNA binary 3D-model for investigating the binding mode of the newly conceived molecules in complex with IN. The 3D-model was generated using the proto-type foamy virus (PFV) DNA as a structural template, positioning the viral polydesoxyribonucleic chain into the HIV-1 IN homology model. Moreover, a series of in vitro tests were performed including HIV-1 activity inhibition, HIV-1 IN activity inhibition, HIV-1 IN strand transfer activity inhibition and cellular toxicity.

Results:

Bioassay results indicated that most of HP analogues including HPa, HPb, HPc, HPd, HPe and HPg, showed favorable inhibitory activities against HIV-1-IN in the low micromolar range. Particularly halogenated derivatives (HPb and HPd) offered the best biological activities in terms of reduced toxicity and optimum inhibitory activities against HIV-1 IN and HIV-1 in cell culture.

Conclusion:

Halogenated derivatives, HPb and HPd, displayed the most promising anti-HIV profile, paving the way to the optimization of the presented scaffolds for developing new effective antiviral agents.
Ligand-based Pharmacophore Model for Generation of Active Antidepressant- like Agents from Substituted 1,3,5 Triazine Class
Authors: Gahtori Archana , Singh Abhishek
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Although the transition of a lead candidate into a drug is currently structured by
well-defined milestone, it is still most challenging and offers no guarantee in success to the end. In fact,
ligand-based pharmacophore modeling has become a key motive force for retrieving potential leads across
several therapeutic areas.

Methods:

An urgent need towards the development of novel antidepressant agents led us to generate a
pharmacophore model from an existing 44 compounds dataset. The best model with one hydrophobic, two
ring aromatic, and one positive ionization features was chosen on behalf of the correlation coefficient, sensitivity,
specificity, yield of actives and accuracy measures using HypoGen module of Discovery Studio. In
house library consisting of 10,000 substituted 1,3,5 triazine derivatives were shortlisted to select four insilico
hits. All shortlisted compounds were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H-& 13C-NMR spectroscopy
and finally tested for antidepressant-like activity using behavioral models on rats viz. Forced Swim Test (FST)
and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM).

Results:

Two shortlisted compounds with optimal fit values showed a significant decrease in the duration
of immobility as compared to standard drug Imipramine in FST while time spent in open arm in enhanced
in case of EPM.
Evaluation of Angiogenesis Process after Metformin and LY294002 Treatment in Mammary Tumor
Authors: Moschetta Marina G. , Leonel Camila , Maschio-Signorini Larissa B. , Borin Thaiz F. , Gelaleti Gabriela B. , Jardim-Perassi Bruna V. , Ferreira Lívia C. , Sonehara Nathália M. , Carvalho Livia G.S. , Hellmén Eva , de Campos Zuccari Debora A.P.
Published: December 2018

Background:

The angiogenesis process is regulated by many factors, such as Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Metformin has demonstrated its ability to inhibit cell growth and the LY294002 is the major inhibitor of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway that has antiangiogenic properties.

Methods:

Canine mammary tumor cell lines CMT-U229 and CF41 were treated with metformin and LY294002. Cell viability, protein and gene expression of VEGF and HIF-1 were determined in vitro. For the in vivo study, CF41 cells were inoculated in female athymic nude mice treated with either metformin or LY294002. The microvessel density by immunohistochemistry for CD31 as well as the gene and protein expression of HIF-1 and VEGF were evaluated.

Results:

The treatment with metformin and LY294002 was able to reduce the cellular viability after 24 hours. The protein and gene expression of HIF-1 and VEGF decreased after treatment with metformin and LY294002. In the in vivo study, there was a decrease in tumor size, protein and gene expression of HIF-1 and VEGFA, in addition to the decreasing of CD31 expression after all treatments.

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of metformin and LY294002 in controlling the angiogenesis process in mammary tumors by VEGF and HIF-1, the most important angiogenic markers.
Влияние электрического режима и γ-облучения на образование поверхностных дефектов на границе раздела Si-SiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- в МОП-транзисторе
Authors: Куликов Н.А. , Попов В.Д.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe results of experimental investigation into surface-defect formation under the effect of gamma-radiation with a dose rate P = 0.1 rad(Si)/s on MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor) transistors with the n -type channel in the passive and active modes are presented. Two stages of surface-defect formation are observed. A qualitative model is proposed to explain the effect of the the drain transistor voltage on the defect formation process.
Фотоанодирование n-Si в присутствии перекиси водорода: зависимость от напряжения
Authors: Ли Г.В. , Астрова Е.В. , Лихачев А.И.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe fundamental aspects of the electrochemical etching of lightly doped n -Si under backside illumination conditions are studied in a solution with a low HF concentration and a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide. The data obtained are compared with those for a control electrolyte containing no H_2O_2. The morphology of the self-organized macropores, their growth rate, porosity, effective valence, and the amount of dissolved silicon are examined in relation to the applied voltage. The anodization kinetics at low and high bias voltages is analyzed. It is found that, under the same illumination, the initial photocurrent in the peroxide electrolyte is approximately twice lower than in the aqueous electrolyte, which makes it possible to state that the quantum efficiency of the photocurrent is lower. As, however, the etching duration is made longer, the current in the peroxide electrolyte strongly increases to become higher than that in the control electrolyte based on H_2O. It is found that, in the presence of H_2O_2, the depthwise growth rate of the macropores increases by more than a factor of 2, and the porosity decreases. The vertical macropore channels have a diameter smaller than that for macropores formed in the aqueous electrolyte and their walls are poorly passivated, which causes branching and the formation of secondary mesopores, the number of which grows with increasing voltage. The effective valence of silicon dissolution in the presence of H_2O_2 decreases to less than 2. The results are interpreted in terms of the Gerischer and Kolasinski models.
Собственная фтор-ионная проводимость кристаллических матриц фторидных супериоников: BaF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- (тип флюорита) и LaF-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- (тип тисонита)
Authors: Сорокин Н.И. , Соболев Б.П.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe intrinsic fluorine-ion conductivity σ_lat of BaF_2 (CaF_2 fluorite type) and LaF_3 (tysonite type) crystals is studied by the impedance spectroscopy method. These compounds represent two major structural types taken as the basis to form the best nonstoichiometric fluorine-conducting solid electrolytes. The conductivity σ_lat caused by thermally activated defects is manifested in the field of high temperatures, where conductometric measurements are complicated by pyrohydrolysis. The experiments carried out in inert atmosphere with application of the impedance method have for the first time produced the reliable values of σ_lat of fluoride crystals in conditions of suppression of pyrohydrolysis (BaF_2) or partial pyrohydrolysis (LaF_3). Values of the σ_lat at 773 K for BaF_2 and LaF_3 crystals grown from melt by the Bridgman method using the vacuum technology are 2.2 × 10^–5 and 8.5 × 10^–3 S/cm differing by a factor of ~400. The tysonite structural type has been proved feasible for making high-conductivity solid fluoride electrolytes based on the analysis of energy characteristics of formation and migration of anionic defects.
Поведение кобальтовой и редкоземельной подсистем в фрустрированных кобальтитах DyBaCo-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-7+x-=/SUB=-
Authors: Казей З.А. , Снегирев В.В. , Столяренко М.С. , Пигальский К.С. , Козеева Л.П. , Каменева М.Ю. , Лавров А.Н.
Published: December 2018

AbstractStructural, elastic, and magnetic properties of cobaltites DyBaCo_4O_7 + _ x produced by various technologies and distinguished by oxygen excess x are experimentally studied. It was found that rhombic distortion of the crystal structure of annealed stoichiometric samples with x = 0 results in frustration removal and elastic property anomalies in the T _ N region, caused by cobalt subsystem ordering. At an insignificant oxygen nonstoichiometry, no structural distortions occur in quenched samples, and anomalies in elastic characteristics in the T _ N region smooth and disappear. The studies of DyBaCo_4O_7 + _ x magnetic properties show that the rare-earth (RE) subsystem remains paramagnetic and its contribution exceeds the contribution of the Co-subsystem with strong antiferromagnetic couplings by an order of magnitude. The magnetic susceptibility of the stoichiometric sample does not exhibit an appreciable anomaly at T _ N , since cobalt subsystem ordering is not accompanied by the formation of a noticeable effective field on RE ions.
Влияние последовательных термических воздействий на формирование стабильного состояния мультиферроидных композитов xLPM-(1-x)PT
Authors: Михалева Е.А. , Флёров И.Н. , Горев М.В. , Шабанов А.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe effect of thermal cycling and sintering temperature on the chemical and thermodynamic stability of the bulk multiferroic x La_0.7Pb_0.3MnO_3–(1 – x )PbTiO_3 quasi-ceramic and ceramic composites has been experimentally investigated. It is shown that the limiting temperature of the long-term sample firing should not exceed 1070 K. It has been found that sintering at this temperature and/or short-term exposure of the samples at higher temperatures (up to 1220 K) significantly increase the sample compactness, stabilize the thermal expansion, and enhance the quality of the composites. It has been established that the component grain integrity is violated by shrinkage of the samples and a sharp change in their volume during the phase transition of a ferroelectric component.
Кинетика процесса поляризации в прозрачной керамике Pb(Mg-=SUB=-1/3-=/SUB=-Nb-=SUB=-2/3-=/SUB=-)O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--23Pb(Zr-=SUB=-0.53-=/SUB=-Ti-=SUB=-0.47-=/SUB=-)O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Камзина Л.С. , Кулакова Л.А. , Li G.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe polarization kinetics in a transparent Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O_3–23Pb(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)O_3 ferroceramic is investigated in the electric fields of 0 < E < 6 kV/cm. The optical transmittance, dielectric, and acoustic properties of ferroceramics are measured at room temperature. The dielectric and acoustic characteristics are found to instantly switch even in fields below the coercive, due to the emergence of a partially ordered ferroelectric phase. Furthermore, the polarized phase arisen in the electric field is not completely stable.
Cверхтонкая структура в ЭПР изотопов -=SUP=-151-=/SUP=-Eu-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=- и -=SUP=-153-=/SUP=-Eu-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=- в лютеций-алюминиевом гранате
Authors: Потапов А.П. , Важенин В.А. , Петросян А.Г. , Фокин А.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractElectron paramagnetic resonance of rhombic Eu^2+ centers in single crystals of Lu_3Al_5O_12 doped with europium ions with the natural isotope abundance was studied. Parameters of the hyperfine and quadrupole interactions of ^151Eu and ^153Eu isotopes of these centers were determined.
Влияние внутреннего строения биметаллических наночастиц на оптические свойства материала AuAg/стекло
Authors: Скиданенко А.В. , Авакян Л.А. , Козинкина Е.А. , Бугаев Л.А.
Published: December 2018

AbstractOptical extinction spectra calculated via multisphere T -matrices for nanoparticles with different concentrations of metals and different architectures (core–shell, inverse core–shell, or alloy) are considered. A method is proposed for determination of architecture of nanoparticles (core–shell or alloy) from only data on the position of plasmon resonance and composition of components. The use of an optical spectrum fitting technique to the spectra of monodisperse noninteracting bimetallic nanoparticles with a predetermined structure appeared to be effective for the determination of the internal structure of nanoparticles, except large nanoparticles with a radius of more than 60 nm containing less than ∼25% silver atoms.
Структура и динамика решетки MeF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- (Me=Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb) в кубической и орто-фазах: ab initio расчет
Authors: Чернышев В.А. , Рюмшин В.С. , Агзамова П.А.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe MF_2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb) crystals undergo a structural phase transition from the cubic to the orthorhombic phase in a range of 1–10 GPa. Although the cubic fluorites are well studied experimentally, there has been almost no information on their orthorhombic phase to date. Despite a few data on the Raman spectra available in the literature, there is still a lack of IR spectra of these structures. In this respect, this work aims to study the crystal structure and the phonon spectrum of MF_2 crystals (M = Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb) in both the cubic and orthorhombic phases, using the MO LKAO approach with hybrid DFT functionals that take the contribution of nonlocal exchange in the Hartree—Fock formalism into account. The frequencies and types of fundamental IR and Raman vibrations, as well as the frequencies of “silent” modes, are found. The calculations of elastic constants for the orthorombic phase have been performed at the first time. The program CRYSTAL14 intended for simulation of periodic structures within the MO LKAO approach was used for the calculations.
Моделирование электронной структуры композитного материала графен-поливинилиденфторид
Authors: Гасанов А.Г. , Байрамов А.А.
Published: December 2018

AbstractTheoretical models of shockproof composite materials based on two-layer graphenes and multilayer polyvinylidene fluoride C_124H_40 + n (H–(C_2H_2F_2)_5–H) ( n = $$\overline {1,\;8} $$ ) are constructed. The electronic structure is studied using the semiempirical PM3 method that is one of version of the molecular orbital method. The orbital energies, ionization potentials, total electron energies, strength, and other properties of the considered material are calculated based on the theoretical models. The outlooks for application of these materials in the military field for manufacturing superstrong and lightweight flak jackets are considered.
Исследование динамики искрового разряда в воздухе в промежутке острие--плоскость методом теневого фотографирования
Authors: Алмазова К.И. , Белоногов А.Н. , Боровков В.В. , Горелов Е.В. , Морозов И.В. , Тренькин А.А. , Харитонов С.Ю.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe microchannel structure of a spark discharge in a 1.5-mm-long point–plane gap has been studied by the method of shadow photography. The discharge dynamics (propagation of microchannels from the point into the discharge gap, branching and expansion of the microchannels, formation of a joint front of the spark’s shock wave and its motion) has been observed over a time from several nanoseconds to several hundred nanoseconds. Objects of a half-ring shape have been discovered. They have been identified as semispherical shock waves resulting from the formation of microcraters near sites where the microchannels touch the plane electrode.
Структура и механические свойства композиционной керамики CaO-ZrO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--Al-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- при малых концентрациях корунда
Authors: Дмитриевский А.А. , Жигачев А.О. , Жигачева Д.Г. , Тюрин А.И.
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe have studied the effect of the ratio between concentrations of zirconium dioxide (stabilized by CaO) and corundum on phase composition and mechanical properties of nanostructured CaO–ZrO_2–Al_2O_3 ceramic composites. The CaO–ZrO_2–Al_2O_3 composites sintered at temperatures typical of ZrO_2 are found to be characterized by the optimal microhardness/fracture toughness ratio at corundum content $${{C}_{{{\text{A}}{{{\text{l}}}_{2}}{{{\text{O}}}_{3}}}}}$$ = 5%. These composites have a high flexural strength; their porosity, coefficient of friction, and wear are typical of those for CaO–ZrO_2 ceramics.
Пластическая деформация [001]-монокристаллов никеля. Моделирование и эксперимент
Authors: Алфёрова Е.А. , Фомин Е.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractMathematical simulation and experiments are used to study plastic strain in nickel [001] single crystals. It is shown that the crystal exhibits self-organization of plastic strain at all scales, and the most developed effect is observed at the microlevel. Processes of self-organization of plastic strain are determined for micro- and mesolevels. At such levels, the processes involve correlated creation and annihilation of dislocations and correlated shear in parallel gliding planes, respectively. Owing to the above processes, the strain components are quasi-periodically distributed over the face, so that crystal integrity is maintained under load.
Импульсное сжатие и растяжение эпоксидной смолы при ударно-волновом воздействии
Authors: Мочалова В.М. , Уткин А.В. , Павленко А.В. , Малюгина С.Н. , Мокрушин С.С.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe shock-wave properties of ED-10 epoxy resin have been studied using VISAR and PDV multiple-channel laser interferometers. The Hugoniot of epoxy resin and pressure dependence of sound speed has been obtained and it has been shown that the structure of a shock-wave front corresponds to the model of a Maxwell viscous-elastic body with a typical relaxation time of tangential stresses of 0.3 μs. The spall strength has been measured and its dependence on the strain rate in a sample upon pulse tension has been determined.
Многофокусная структура излучения при фемтосекундной филаментации оптического вихря в среде с аномальной дисперсией групповой скорости-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Васильев Е.В. , Шленов С.А. , Кандидов В.П.
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe analyze numerically the femtosecond filamentation of a vortex beam with the topological charge m = 1 at wavelength λ_0 = 1800 nm in fused silica under anomalous group velocity dispersion conditions. We show that, as a pulse with a fivefold excess of its power over the critical power propagates through the medium, a multifocus ring structure of radiation with a peak intensity of higher than 10^13 W/cm^2 and surface energy density of about 0.2 J/cm^2 is formed. The self-action of the optical vortex is accompanied by the transformation of the spectral energy mainly into the Stokes region. A comparison is made with the case of a normal dispersion of the group velocity upon the self-action of a vortex beam at the wavelength of  λ_0 = 400 nm.
Конфигурационный резонанс и скорость генерации поверхностных плазмон-поляритонов возбужденными полупроводниковыми квантовыми точками вблизи металлической поверхности-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Губин М.Ю. , Гладуш М.Г. , Прохоров А.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe discuss particular features of generation of surface plasmon polaritons in a metal–dielectric planar interface that is coupled to semiconductor quantum dots by near-field interactions. As a model of working medium for performing numerical experiment, we use a gold metal surface onto which a polyethylene terephthalate film containing CdSe semiconductor spherical quantum dot is deposited. The problem of optimizing the radius of a quantum dot and its distance to a metal surface is solved for achieving the maximum transfer efficiency of the quantum dot energy for the generation of surface plasmon polaritons. Dispersion effects of the surface wave generation rate associated with deviations of the radius of quantum dots and their distance to the metal surface from the corresponding average values are taken into account.
Перераспределение токов и тепловых потерь в реверсивно-включаемом динисторе при наличии поперечного перепада температуры
Authors: Горбатюк А.В. , Иванов Б.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe effects of a transverse temperature gradient in reversively switched-on dynistors have been studied. Taking into account these effects is important for high-voltage frequency dynistor assemblies because of the problems of a distributed cooling of the devices. A simulation description is given for the spatial dynamics of charges and heat in dynistor chips in switching of repeated current pulses. An estimation method is suggested for calculating the maximum repetition frequency coordinated with the heatsink heatsink cooling power.
Циркуляционный радиус и плотность критического тока в сверхпроводниках второго рода
Authors: Гохфельд Д.М.
Published: December 2018

AbstractA method is proposed for estimating the length scale of currents circulating in superconductors. The estimated circulation radius is used for determining the critical current density on the basis of magnetic measurements. The obtained formulas are applicable to samples with negligibly small demagnetizing factors and to polycrystalline superconductors. The proposed method has been verified using experimental magnetization loops measured for polycrystalline YBa_2Cu_3O_7 – δ and Bi_1.8Pb_0.3Sr_1.9Ca_2Cu_3O_ x superconductors.
Adaptive Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Interventions for Youth Living With HIV Through Text Message and Cell Phone Support With and Without Incentives: Protocol for a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) (Preprint)
Authors: Belzer Marvin E , MacDonell Karen Kolmodin , Ghosh Samiran , Naar Sylvie , McAvoy-Banerjea Julie , Gurung Sitaji , Cain Demetria , Fan Carolyn A , Parsons Jeffrey T
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

Youth living with HIV (YLH) aged 13 to 24 years made up over a fifth (21%) of new HIV diagnoses in 2016, yet only 27% of YLH are virally suppressed. YLH have been shown to be poorly adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, there has been limited research investigating how to increase adherence in YLH. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions may be one promising way to do this.

OBJECTIVE

This study (ATN [Adolescent Trials Network] 144 SMART) aimed to compare adaptive interventions that could increase ART adherence in YLH aged 15 to 24 years. This includes mHealth initiatives, the tapering of interventions, and the use of incentives. Cost-effectiveness of sequencing the interventions without incentives before providing incentives and the savings on societal costs due to suppressed viral loads will be determined. This protocol is part of the ATN Scale It Up program described in this issue by Naar et al.

METHODS

This study uses a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial design. Approximately 190 participants are being recruited, enrolled, and randomized to either cell phone support or text message support. Both intervention groups receive 3 months of intervention, followed by a second randomization based on response to the intervention. Responders test tapering their intervention, and nonresponders test receiving incentives.

RESULTS

Data collection for this study is projected to begin in August 2018 and last until June 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

This is an innovative study, particularly in terms of population, intervention types, focus on cost-effectiveness, and recruitment. This study could be particularly effective in improving adherence in YLH while reducing long-term individual and societal costs.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03535337; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03535337 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/74alXb92z)

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

PRR1-10.2196/11183
Toward Gamified Pain Management Apps: Mobile Application Rating Scale–Based Quality Assessment of Pain-Mentor’s First Prototype Through an Expert Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hoffmann Alexandra , Faust-Christmann Corinna A , Zolynski Gregor , Bleser Gabriele
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

The use of health apps to support the treatment of chronic pain is gaining importance. Most available pain management apps are still lacking in content quality and quantity as their developers neither involve health experts to ensure target group suitability nor use gamification to engage and motivate the user. To close this gap, we aimed to develop a gamified pain management app, Pain-Mentor.

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether medical professionals would approve of Pain-Mentor’s concept and content, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of the app’s first prototype with experts from the field of chronic pain management and to discover necessary improvements.

METHODS

A total of 11 health professionals with a background in chronic pain treatment and 2 mobile health experts participated in this study. Each expert first received a detailed presentation of the app. Afterward, they tested Pain-Mentor and then rated its quality using the mobile application rating scale (MARS) in a semistructured interview.

RESULTS

The experts found the app to be of excellent general (mean 4.54, SD 0.55) and subjective quality (mean 4.57, SD 0.43). The app-specific section was rated as good (mean 4.38, SD 0.75). Overall, the experts approved of the app’s content, namely, pain and stress management techniques, behavior change techniques, and gamification. They believed that the use of gamification in Pain-Mentor positively influences the patients’ motivation and engagement and thus has the potential to promote the learning of pain management techniques. Moreover, applying the MARS in a semistructured interview provided in-depth insight into the ratings and concrete suggestions for improvement.

CONCLUSIONS

The experts rated Pain-Mentor to be of excellent quality. It can be concluded that experts perceived the use of gamification in this pain management app in a positive manner. This showed that combining pain management with gamification did not negatively affect the app’s integrity. This study was therefore a promising first step in the development of Pain-Mentor.

CLINICALTRIAL
Evaluation of Heart Failure Apps to Promote Self-Care: Systematic App Search (Preprint)
Authors: Wali Sahr , Demers Catherine , Shah Hiba , Wali Huda , Lim Delphine , Naik Nirav , Ghany Ahmad , Vispute Ayushi , Wali Maya , Keshavjee Karim
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disease that affects over 1% of Canadians and at least 26 million people worldwide. With the continued rise in disease prevalence and an aging population, HF-related costs are expected to create a significant economic burden. Many mobile health (mHealth) apps have been developed to help support patients’ self-care in the home setting, but it is unclear if they are suited to the needs or capabilities of older adults.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify HF apps and evaluate whether they met the criteria for optimal HF self-care.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic search of all apps available exclusively for HF self-care across Google Play and the App Store. We then evaluated the apps according to a list of 25 major functions pivotal to promoting HF self-care for older adults.

RESULTS

A total of 74 apps for HF self-care were identified, but only 21 apps were listed as being both HF and self-care specific. None of the apps had all 25 of the listed features for an adequate HF self-care app, and only 41% (31/74) apps had the key weight management feature present. HF Storylines received the highest functionality score (18/25, 72%).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that currently available apps are not adequate for use by older adults with HF. This highlights the need for mHealth apps to refine their development process so that user needs and capabilities are identified during the design stage to ensure the usability of the app.
Effects of nano-hydroxyapatite paste on enamel microporosity after bleaching treatment
Authors: Sa'adah Nikmatus , Sari Gadis Meinar , Asnar Elyana
Published: December 2018

Bleaching or teeth whitening is a popular dental conservative treatment to enhance aesthetics. Bleaching treatment in many cases has successfully improved aesthetics but still remains the side effects. It can cause some changes in enamel structure leading to demineralization characterized by the emergence of microporosity on the enamel surface. Nano-hydroxyapatite is potential to re-mineralize earlyenamel lesions. This study aims to identify the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite on enamel microporosity after bleaching treatment. Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. The control and treatment group administered a placebo and nano-hydroxyapatite paste respectively, for 7 days after bleaching treatment. Once the treatment was completed, the rabbit was sacrificed, the jaw was decapitated, upper and lower incisors of the rabbit were separated from the jaw. Subsequently, the sample preparation wasconducted for examination of enamel microporosity depth by using scanning electron microscope. The results showed the control group had more microporositycompared to the treatment group. The independent t-test result showed that enamel microporosityhad a significant value of 0.003 (p <0.05) meaning that enamel microporosity between both groups had a significant difference. The conclusion of this study was administration of nan-hydroxyapatite paste reduced enamel microporosityin the administration of nano-hydroxyapatite pastes compared to the placebo pastes after bleaching treatment.
Correlation between pixel value of CBCT and Hounsfield Unit of MDCT on teeth and mandible cortical bone
Authors: Azhari A. , Gracea Rellyca Sola , Astika I Made Agus , Thomas Ali
Published: December 2018

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an imaging modality widely used in dentistry over multi detector computed tomography (MDCT). It is in view of its high resolution with relatively lower dose. MDCT is able to show Hounsfield Unit (HU) which is proportional to x-ray attenuation degree by the tissue. The x-ray attenuation degree in CBCT is shown in grayscale value with pixel values unit. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of pixel values in CBCT with HU in MDCT. We used secondary data from RSGM Universitas Padjajaran patient who had CBCT and MDCT. Measurement was done on the cortical areas (lingual, buccal, and posterior side) of the mandible and teeth 47 (email, dentin, and pulp) with 5 regions of interest (ROIs) on each area. DICOM software was used for the measurement on CBCT and MDCT data. The result indicated a strong correlation between pixel value in CBCT and HU in MDCT on the cortical bone and teeth area (R=0.846). Linear regression resulted in an equation to derive HU value from pixel value of cortical bone and teeth area, which is y = 1,9011x + 177,15. The conclusion is HU can be derived from CBCT by converting with regression equation.