bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional development of a New Zealand weather station network to improve plant production
Authors: Henshall W.R. , Hill G.N. , Beresford R.M. , Agnew R.H. , Wood P.N. , Marshall R.R.
Published: October 2019

For over 25 years The New Zealand Institute for Plant Food Research Ltd (PFR) and its antecedents have operated a network of weather stations in the main New Zealand horticultural regions Data from these stations have been applied to the analysis of trials and surveys and used for the development of disease models and horticultural software Access to the data has evolved from direct links between each weather stations dialup modem and the users computer to standalone MetWatch software to the webbased MetWatch Online and finally to the current Internet Protocol (IP)based system allowing directaccess via smartphones The most recent network upgrade to provide near realtime data via the 3G cellular network provides the focus for this review of the network and its applications We discuss opportunities for future development of equipment within the weather station network
Winter inoculum on the kiwifruit vines where is it hiding
Authors: Kabir M.S. , Parry B.E. , Bent S. , Casonato S.G.
Published: October 2019

The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae biovar 3 (Psa) causes significant economic losses in the kiwifruit industry This pathogen can overwinter in kiwifruit without the plant showing visible symptoms Molecular tools developed to detect this pathogen from cultures had not previously been tested at an orchard level on dormant winter vines This epidemiological study aimed to detect and quantify the inoculum present on established vines over winter targeting the areas of the scion on the pergola The experiment was conducted on female and male vines of four cultivars Actinidia chinensis var chinensis Zesy002 (commonly called Gold3) A chinensis var chinensis Zesy003 (Gold9) A chinensis var deliciosa Hayward and A chinensis var chinensis x A chinensis var deliciosa Zesh004 (Green14) Psa biovar 3 was detected on the vines of all four cultivars with quantification of the inoculum load (cfu/ml) estimated Inoculum in all four cultivars increased from winter to spring and inoculum was distributed unevenly around the cankers This research indicates Psa can be present in asymptomatic tissue suggesting management of the vines for Psa needs to occur over the winter
An arid house for a xerophilic bug Nysius huttoni
Authors: Sullivan T.E.S.
Published: October 2019

With sensors and microprocessors becoming more affordable all the time it is now possible to build inexpensive environmental regulators for small insect colony boxes We designed and built a humidity regulator for xerophilic (dryloving) Nysius bugs Poorly ventilated insect rearing boxes can have an overly elevated humidity that can promote unwanted fungal growth especially if there is live plant material involved Air conditioned laboratories can have very low ambient humidity but the ideal humidity for an insect colony may be intermediate Direct and accurate measurement and control of humidity is now possible electronically using sensors and a fan to pump dry air into a humid space in a controlled fashion to regulate the humidity The potential exits for different sensors to be used to monitor different environmental variables and to trigger equipment to respond when an environmental threshold is reached Environmental control methods can be simple or elaborate depending on the colony requirements and budget A clock and memory card can be added to the microprocessor to record sensor data and event triggers This method has been successfully used to rear the wheat bug Nysius huttoni
Population dynamics of four insect defoliators in a dryland South Island Eucalyptus plantation
Authors: Lin H. , Murray T.J. , Mason E.G.
Published: October 2019

Exotic insect defoliators originally from Australia are present in New Zealand Eucalyptus plantations Pest outbreaks causing significant defoliation can reduce tree growth and productivity There is limited information on the population dynamics of major Eucalyptus defoliators in the South Island Populations of four defoliators were monitored monthly from November 2015 to March 2016 in a dryland Eucalyptus plantation in Marlborough by assessing 35 shoots from each of 225 trees Only one generation of Paropsis charybdis was observed Peak adult abundance was in December/January and adults disappeared in March This is different from North Island and Australian studies in which two generations are often observed Opodiphthera eucalypti had two distinct generations with larval populations peaking in December and February/March Most Phylacteophaga froggatti larvae were found after December but populations were relatively low throughout the monitoring period Strepsicrates macropetana reached peak larval abundance in February and had multiple overlapping generations These results suggest differences in the population dynamics of eucalypt defoliators in the South Island compared to those reported in the North Differences are likely due to local environmental conditions which were notably dry during this particular monitoring season These data provide important information for pest management in South Island dryland Eucalyptus plantations
Californian thistle and its variable response to the biological control agent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Smith B. , Casonato S.G. , Noble A. , Bourd?t G.
Published: October 2019

Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense) is a problematic weed particularly in permanent pastures The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has potential as a bioherbicide to control this weed but its variable efficacy in historical field trials suggest that there are differences in susceptibility to S sclerotiorum within the species To test this hypothesis the responses of 32 New Zealand provenances of C arvense to a foliageapplied myceliumonbarley preparation of S sclerotiorum were compared under common conditions Significant differences between provenances were found supporting the hypothesis that there is variation within C arvense in New Zealand in its susceptibility to S sclerotiorum Further work will examine differences in the efficacy of fungal isolates against different C arvense provenances
Перспективы и основные аспекты фармацевтической разработки гелей для приема внутрь
Authors: Бахрушина Елена Олеговна , Анурова Мария Николаевна , Демина Наталья Борисовна , Иванников Г. Ю.
Published: October 2019

Рассмотрены основные аспекты и особенности фармацевтической разработки современной лекарственной формы — гелей для приема внутрь. Проведен патентный поиск и анализ литературы в отношении препаратов в форме гелей для приема внутрь. Обозначены основные аспекты разработки гелей для приема внутрь — необходимость экспериментально- и научно-обоснованного подхода к коррекции вкуса, обеспечение оптимальных реологических характеристик, определяющих агрегативную стабильность и высвобождение действующих веществ из лекарственной формы, выбор упаковки и средства дозирования для повышения эффективности терапии. Описаны принципы создания пероральных композиций в форме гелей, обладающих пролонгированным высвобождением.
Синтез и кардиотропная активность 1-(метоксибензил)-4-[2-((метоксибензил)амино)этил]пиперазинов
Authors: Мокров Григорий Владимирович , Лихошерстов Аркадий Михайлович , Барчуков Владимир Валерьевич , Столярук Валерий Николаевич , Цорин Иосиф Борисович , Вититнова Марина Борисовна , Ребеко Алексей Геннадьевич , Крыжановский Сергей Александрович , Гудашева Татьяна Александровна
Published: October 2019

Осуществлен синтез новой группы соединений — 1-(метоксибензил)-4-[2-((метоксибензил)амино)этил]пиперазинов 1 — и уточнено влияние строения триазаалканового линкера на кардиотропное действие в ряду этих соединений в сравнении с ранее изученными линейными и циклическими метоксифенилтриазаалканами. Наиболее активным соединением новой группы оказалось 1д (тригидрохлорид 1-(3,4,5-триметоксибензил)-4-{2-[(3,4,5-триметоксибензил)амно]этил}пиперазина), обладающее достоверной антиаритмической активностью на моделях аконитиновой и хлоридкальциевой аритмий.
Противосудорожная активность производных дибензофурана в эксперименте
Authors: Кутепова Инга Сергеевна , Литвинова Светлана Александровна , Воронина Татьяна Александровна , Неробкова Любовь Николаевна , Мокров Григорий Владимирович , Жмуренко Людмила Александровна
Published: October 2019

Представлены результаты скрининга производных оксима дибензофуранона в тестах антагонизма с максимальным электрошоком (МЭШ) и коразолом. Установлено, что соединения производных дибензофурана обладают противосудорожной активностью и способны предотвращать генерализованные тонико-клонические судороги, вызванные МЭШ, и групповые клонические судороги, вызванные коразолом. В тесте антагонизма с МЭШ соединения ГИЖ-276, ГИЖ-327, ГИЖ-328, ГИЖ-310А и ГИЖ-332 при однократном внутрибрюшинном введении в диапазоне доз от 5 до 100 мг/кг предотвращают тоническую фазу судорожных проявлений и увеличивают выживаемость мышей на 36 – 60 % относительно соответствующих контрольных значений. В тесте антагонизма с коразолом соединения ГИЖ-276, ГИЖ-272 и ГИЖ-332 увеличивают латентное время наступления судорог в среднем на 45, 75 и 125 %, соответственно. После введения коразола мышам наблюдается 100 % защитный эффект от гибели только у ГИЖ-332 (20 мг/кг). Таким образом, соединения производных дибензофурана обладают выраженной противосудорожной активностью преимущественно в отношении так называемых «больших» (Grand mal) судорожных припадков, моделируемых МЭШ. Противосудорожная активность в обоих тестах наблюдается у соединений ГИЖ-276, ГИЖ-272 и ГИЖ-332. В условиях теста нормобарической гипоксии с гиперкапнией противогипоксической активностью обладает только ГИЖ-276.
Europe's Revels for the Peace of Ryswick
Authors: Eccles John
Published: October 2019

John Eccles's setting of Europe's Revels for the Peace of Ryswick was performed at court and in the theater to mark the successful conclusion of the first part of the negotiations of the Peace of Ryswick (1697). This was an occasion of great rejoicing for the English, and, indeed, for the rest of Europe, as it offered the chance of some political stability after the turbulent events of the Civil Wars.

The action of the piece falls into two halves, within which the ideas are presented in individual scenes or entries reminiscent of a masque. The political messages contained in the work include the role in society for returning soldiers and the superiority of the English on the battlefield, and serious and comic elements which rely on a good dose of national stereotyping and on the understanding of different national traits through dance.
Profil Pertanyaan dalam Musyāwaroh Taqrīb di Pondok Pesantren Ath-Thullab Kudus
Authors: Munaris Fajar Afif Al , Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: October 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran pertanyaan santri dalam musyāwaroh Taqrīb berdasarkan Taksonomi Bloom. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini ialah deskriptif, dengan sampel sebanyak 24 santri sekolah menengah di Kabupaten Kudus. Hasil yang diperoleh menyediakan kerangka dalam memprediksi tingkat kognitif, keseriusan, serta motivasi santri dalam mengikuti musyāwaroh Taqrīb sebagai salah satu cara mempelajari Fiqh.
Responding to Child Maltreatment
Authors: Beck Kathrin Franziska , Vornanen Riitta
Published: October 2019

Child maltreatment is a major topic of concern in European countries. This article compares how Finnish and German school social workers (SSW) respond to child maltreatment (CM). For the purpose of this study, a case vignette was designed that implied multiple forms of CM, including child sexual abuse, the failure to provide a child with adequate nutrition and hygiene and exposure to violent environments. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with eight SSW from Finland and Germany to examine their first reactions to the case, their professional approach and country-specific solutions. The transcribed interviews were subjected to content analysis. Concerning suspected child sexual abuse, the findings reveal that the Finnish SSW would inform the child protection services and the police directly after information regarding suspected maltreatment had been verified, whereas the German participants would seek professional advice and carry out a risk assessment. However, despite the fundamental differences between these approaches, both are in line with national legislation. Concerning the inadequate provision of nutrition, the findings reveal that German children are not provided with free school meals nationwide like Finnish children. Nonetheless, as this study shows, providing children with a free school lunch does not ensure that they are adequately provided for during the entire day. It is recommended children in both countries be provided with free school meals nationwide, to implement means-tested benefits for those who need greater support and to strengthen the education of SSW in the early identification of child neglect, in addition to fostering a holistic approach to treating clients.
Capitalism, Kinship, and Fraud
Authors: Ortner Sherry B.
Published: October 2019

Investment broker Bernie Madoff ran what is still considered the largest Ponzi scheme in history, defrauding thousands of investors over a 20-year period of more than $20 billion. He worked his game almost entirely through kinship connections—relatives, friends of relatives, and relatives of friends. The relationship between kinship and capitalism has drawn renewed attention by anthropologists, part of a broader effort to rethink capitalism not as a free-standing ‘economy’ but as deeply embedded in a wide range of social relations. In this article I use the Madoff case to illustrate, and develop further, several aspects of the kinship/capitalism connection. I also consider briefly the boundary between fraud and ‘legitimate’ capitalism, which many economic historians consider a fuzzy boundary at best.
The Politics of Ritual Form(ation) in Contemporary Mongolia
Authors: Turk Elizabeth
Published: October 2019

Engaging Humphrey and Laidlaw’s ‘archetypal actions of ritual’, this article explores the thing-like and seemingly externally derived quality of ritualized action in ‘alternative’ medical settings in Mongolia. The cultural rupture of the Soviet era presents a case study in which the continuity of ritualized action cannot be assumed in ritual making during the post-1990 (re)construction of national culture. Elements derived from shared public knowledge have become constituted in ritual more recently and frequently than can be accounted for by an aperture-like model, where previously external elements gradually filtered in. Building on regional literature concerning loss of ritual form and recent syncretic innovation, I suggest that the affordances of form—mobility, iterability, and malleability—capture the politics inherent in the reordering of associations in the making of ritual.
A Case of Insult
Authors: Werbner Pnina , Werbner Richard
Published: October 2019

Legal anthropologists have been latecomers in the debate surrounding law and emotion, a movement responding to the notion that the law is ‘imbued with emotion’. As in the US and Europe, in Botswana cases of public insults are emotionally charged, and this is particularly so in witchcraft insult hearings. Akin to hate crimes, these insults threaten public peace, kinship amity, and decency. Members of a customary court mobilize an elaborate moral lexicon from everyday life in order not simply to ascertain the forensic facts, but to persuade offenders to regain their rational good sense, reach a self-conscious emotional balance, and recover spiritual calmness. The procedure culminates in a dialogue intended to restore public peace and to elicit an apology or show of regret from defendants and forgiveness from insulted plaintiffs.
Variability of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Populus × sibirica G.V. Krylov & G.V. Grig. ex A.K. Skvortsov
Authors: Proshkin B.V. , Klimov A.V.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this work is to identify the level of phenotypic diversity of the morphological features of Populus × sibirica leaves, including qualitative signs-phenes. To reveal the variability, the authors examined 90 trees, on which 1,350 leaves were measured in the green areas of the cities of Novosibirsk, Novokuznetsk and Berdsk. When analyzing the qualitative features, there were selected the following morphological markers: leaf pubescence, development of basal glands, leaf form, its base and apex. The conducted studies of Populus × sibirica samples showed that it is characterized by very low and low variability of the quantitative traits of a leaf. Leaf-shaped ovoid plates and leaves with developed basal glands (78–89 %) are predominant. Close indicators of averaged endogenous and individual variability reflect its cultural origin. Probably, Populus × sibirica in the Siberian region consists of several clones selected from the same hybrid family. A number of studied morphological qualitative features of a leaf, which are distinguished by the absence of endogenous variability, can be attributed to phenes: the shape of the apex and the shape of the base of the lamina, as well as the nature of the development of pubescence. The most controversial issue in the origin of Populus × sibirica remains the presence of basal glands at the base of the leaf blade.
Carbon dioxide emission and nitrogen mineralizing component of chernozem leached in the forest-steppe of Priobie, Western Siberia
Authors: Shepelev A.G.
Published: October 2019

In model incubation experiment the effect of various agrocenoses on CO2 production and nitrogen-mineralizing ability of the soil to accumulate nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3) was investigated. It was shown that the rates of mineralization of soil organic matter decreased from the first record taken to the last in the following order (in percent): 57 → 63 → 68, further observation of CO2 emissions led to a smoothing of redox reactions. The use of mineral fertilizers in comparison with agrocenoses without fertilizers increased CO2 emissions by 15–24%, depending on the studied variant. It was noted that the agrocenosis with the alienation of aboveground biomass of straw exerted the least load on the total mineralization of soil organic matter – on average, in two levels of fertility, it was 489 mg C / kg. The use of analysis of variance in the experiment did not reveal significant differences in the interaction of signs on the accumulation of N-NO3, however, the solution of correlation and regression dependences contributed to finding a close relationship. It was determined by the capabilities of leached chernozem to compensate losses and restore the carbon-nitrogen potential of the soil. A similar consequence increased in the agrocenosis with mineral fertilizers and with a greater flow of aboveground and underground plant residues into the soil, the maximum CO2 emission was registered in the variant 634 mg C / kg, and high statistical indicators of the studied signs were established.
关于《电机与电气控制技术》课程的教改思考
Authors: 韩 四满
Published: October 2019

为了进一步提升《电机与电气控制技术》教学质量,不断激发学生学习兴趣以及培养学习创新能力,作者对该课程在教学过程中存在的主要问题进行了分析,提出了教学改革的方法,创新了教学新方式,为其他教师在开展该课程教学时起到一定的帮助作用。
试析当代中式风格设计美学的发展路线
Authors: 陈 嘉锶
Published: October 2019

改革开放以后,西方文化和审美思潮不断涌入国内,并对我国传统的中式风格设计带来很大影响。因此有必要对中式风格设计进行创新和优化,使其在适应现今需求的基础上,实现传统文化的传承。本文笔者就将对当代中式风格设计美学的发展路线进行分析和研究,以供参考。
大学语文古代文学部分教学内省
Authors: 张 莞宁
Published: October 2019

古代文学是中国传统文化的再现,作为新时代的我们,有必要去了解古代文学史。古代文学是大学语文课程中不可或缺的一部分,但目前,很多大学生在上这堂课时,都感到很无聊,认为其内容枯燥无味,是跟不上时代潮流的“无用”之学。为了改变这一现状,需要从教学内容和教学方式上进行变革,为古代文学注入新时代的灵魂,从而调动学生的积极性。
中国画绘画语言在水印版画创作中的应用探究
Authors: 常 梅焱
Published: October 2019

中国画是中国传统艺术的表现方式,其中国画的绘画语言包括线条、色彩、构图、造型等,也是传统绘画的经典表现形式之一。版画创作者运用中国画绘画语言进行创作,将中国画的绘画语言应用到水印版画创作中,从而创作出富有中国画韵味的水印版画作品,使中国画的绘画语言为水印版画创作注入新鲜血液,促进水印版画创作的发展。本文通过对中国画绘画语言的简要分析,重点阐述运用中国画绘画语言进行水印版画创作的表现方法。
基于课堂游戏创设的幼儿园空间环境布置研究
Authors: 朱 榕榕
Published: October 2019

当代幼儿园教育就是要求通过幼儿园内的空间环境来丰富儿童的教育内容,使儿童完全展现自主性,从而促成儿童自身的发展朝着理想的方面不断进步。在这种适宜的空间环境必要条件中,才可以昀大程度的提高教师的教育水平和促进幼儿的成长,使施教者和儿童能与之在空间环境的互动中共同学习、发展。
试析化学教学中对学生科学素养能力培养
Authors: 赵 修云
Published: October 2019

化学作为一门以实验为基础的自然科学,旨在培养学生的科学素养,积极推进探究性实践活动,培养学生的好奇心和探究欲望,培养学生的科学本质。这种理解使学生能够学习探索问题的解决方案,为终身学习和生活奠定基础。实验是化学教学中的有效方法,也是实施素质教育,培养创新意识,提高实践能力的基本要素。实验教学有助于学生掌握科学方法,培养学生的科学兴趣,学习科学和科学学习的能力,帮助学生树立科学的自然观。
小学语文阅读教学存在的问题与对策
Authors: 孙 兵
Published: October 2019

小学语文阅读教学的具体要求是培养学生的自主阅读能力,学会运用各种阅读方法,培养语感,注重情感体验,培养情感和理解能力。本文探讨和分析了小学语文阅读教学中存在的问题,并提出了小学语文阅读教学问题的对策。
新时代教学中国特色社会主义思想是当代中国的马克思主义
Authors: 邹 秀春 , 安 骁
Published: October 2019

新时代教学中国特色社会主义思想逐步形成和发展,是马克思主义中国化昀新成果,也是当代中国的马克思主义。与时俱进是马克思主义的重要理论品格,新时代教学特色社会主义延续并传承了马克思主义思想,同马克思主义的基本立场、基本观点、基本方法和未来发展方向具有一致性。在推进新时代中国特色社会主义伟大事业的进程中,新时代教学中国特色社会主义思想将为决胜全面建成小康社会、夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦保驾护航。
对新时代新闻编辑工作者素质要求的思考
Authors: 王 伟华
Published: October 2019

在二十一世纪的今天,信息的传播在一定程度上推动着整个社会的进步与发展。新闻编辑工作者作为信息传播中的一份子,作为新闻编辑工作者一定要具备这方面的综合素质和专业技能,这样才能够更好地应对社会发展对新闻编辑工作人员的多元化要求。为此,接下来本论文围绕对当下新闻编辑工作者素质要求的思考进行论述。
浅谈贯通数学教学分组合作教学模式
Authors: 卢 雪 , 杨 明 , 张 源
Published: October 2019

传统课堂都是以“教师传递知识——学生教授知识”为主,强调教师的主导地位,随着教育改革需以学生为中心,突显学生的主体地位,故而出现合作学习。其中小组合作学习是目前世界上许多国家普遍采用的一种富有创意的教学理论和方略。由于其实效显著,被人们誉为近十几年昀重要和昀成功的教学改革。因此,本文从贯通数学分组合作教学模式的背景、实施、应用的分析评价入手,其中针对合作教学模式的背景,一要明晰以学生为中心的课堂环境下学生分组合作；二要依据贯通数学授课内容实施合作学习教学。针对分组合作教学模式的应用分析评价,一是以主动学习为前提,明确分组合作意图；二是以学生为主体,保证分组合作教学有效执行,三是引进或创设更多的教学场景和学习氛围。针对分组合作教学模式的应用分析评价,一要以批判性和反省性思维为基础,分组合作评价；二要坚持教学目标学习任务不动摇。三要以学生分组,提高合作效率。文中昀后对师生沟通合作,协同进步,促进贯通数学教学良性循环进行分析研究。
在小学道德与法治教学中渗透传统文化与地域文化浅析
Authors: 谷 肖红
Published: October 2019

随着社会经济的快速发展,各种信息的来源渠道不断增多,随之而来的不良信息正悄然影响着中小学生,由此造成的不良后果已初见端倪。青少年思想道德素质,是一项关系到国家前途和民族命运的大事,中小学如何利用丰富的地域文化资源,弘扬优秀传统文化,是一项刻不容缓的任务。随着教育技术的现代化,人们的教育观也在发生变化,虽然对传统文化的传承,依旧挂在嘴边,但效果却常常不尽人意。若能把中华优秀传统文化教育融入到道德与法制课堂教学,将其与现代教育技术结合,促进青少年更好地领悟和传承中华优秀传统文化,让中华优秀传统文化源远流长。我们民族的优秀传统文化是人们从长期实践经验中概括出来的,深深地影响着我们民族精神的形成。弘扬中华优秀传统文化关键在教育,教育重点在广大青少年,青少年受教育的主课堂在学校。如何让小学道德与法治课堂成为优秀传统文化教育的载体,系统、科学、全面的传承和发扬优秀传统文化,如何让我们这些身处在这个飞速发展时代的小学生从小就能树立起民族自信,内心萌发家国情怀,这是我们学校德育教育的终极目标。
《教育信息化进程中的教师领导力》评介
Authors: 薄 萌萌
Published: October 2019

中外学者对“教师领导力”的内涵外延做了诸多研究,但是关于教师在信息化教育进程中的领导力关注度较为空白。基于时代背景,孙祯祥及其科研团队首次提出“教师信息化领导力”的概念,构建了“教师信息化领导力”的评估体系,并对信息化进程中的教师领导力现状进行了实证研究,从教师主体、学校制度、外在因素方面提出教师信息化的提升路径。本文对孙教授的著作《教师信息化进程中的教师领导力》予以简评。
分层教学法在高中体育教学中的运用
Authors: 张 涛
Published: October 2019

近年来,我国的教育事业进行了积极的改革与创新。高中体育教学中的一大有力革新标志是分层教学法的应用,这一教学法的有效实施促进了高中体育教育事业的进步与发展。文章对分层教学的概念及其在高中体育教学中实施分层教学的意义进行了分析,进而从因材施教、评价分层、主体分层三个方面对高中体育教学中分层教学法的运用进行了探究,希望能够对后期教学工作有所借鉴与参考。
高校心理健康教育工作社会协同模式探索——构建心理健康教育“内外循环体系”
Authors: 刘 晓明
Published: October 2019

近年来,高校远郊办学已成为常态。高校远郊办学,办学场地更能适应新的发展需求,但远郊办学仍面临许多实际困难。远郊办学远离资源服务中心,在心理健康教育工作中,尤其对于危机个案等的处理,具有地理上的不足。目前不少高校立足远郊办学实际,在高校心理健康教育工作中,不断探索“心理育人”工作的新路径。本文拟从高校心理健康教育工作社会协同模式来讨论心理健康教育工作体系的搭建。
高校实验室安全存在问题及对策
Authors: 王 蕾
Published: October 2019

高校实验室是基础实验教学和科学研究的重要场所,其安全性与师生的人身安全密切相关。本文对当前高校实验室普遍存在的安全问题进行深入分析,并提出实验室安全管理问题的一些建议,以加强高校实验室安全管理制度化、规范化建设,逐步建立和形成强有力的实验室运行机制,优化实验室安全管理。
基于“互联网+”的混合教学模式探索—以《AI图形设计》为例
Authors: 王 柳
Published: October 2019

为解决翻转课堂及传统课堂模式中存在的弊端,提升教学质量与效果。本文基于“互联网+”思维,采用雨课堂、极域电子教室等信息化手段,提出一种符合我国高职院校学生学习习惯的混合式教学模式。阐述了基于互联网思维的课程组织和实施方法,并具体论述该课程模式在AI图形设计课程中的应用,以期与我国高职专业课程深度融合,对教学改革与创新实践提供有效借鉴。
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Improving Students’ Understanding of Bullying
Authors: Muslim Muslim , Neviyarni Neviyarni , Karneli Yeni
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of counseling through cognitive behavioral therapy in improving students' understanding of bullying. This research is a Quasi-Experiment with the Time Series Design. The research subjects were 10 students, selected through Purposive Sampling techniques. The research instrument used therefore was the scale of understanding bullying with reliability of 0.900, and the data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test through SPSS version 20.0. Based on the findings, counseling through cognitive behavioral therapy is highly effective in increasing students' understanding of bullying. This intervention aims to teach students a variety of skills to overcome their problems, thereby helping them to develop adaptive lifestyles.
EKSTRAKSI PEKTIN DARI KULIT BUAH PISANG RAJA (Musa sapientum)
Authors: Farida Hanum  , Irza Menka Deviliany Kaban  , Martha Angelina Tarigan
Published: October 2019

Pectin is extensively utilized by the food processors especially for conversion of low grade fruits in to good quality products like jam, jelly, marmalade, and candies. Pectin has many applications in food and pharmaceuticals products as gelling agents and stabilizers.  This research aims to utilize banana peel  waste (Musa sapientum) as a source of pectin. The research used a  solvent extraction method using hydrochloric acid (HCl) in additional to  ethanol  to precipitate the pectin and the last step  drying process to obtain dry pectin. The fixed variables which were used in this research were 10 grams of banana peel (Musa sapientum),  10% water content of sample, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a solvent. The  extraction process was carried out by pH 1; 1.5, 2; the  time of 70, 80, 90, 100 minutes, and the temperature of 80 oC, 90 oC. The results showed that the highest  yield of the extraction was obtained at  90 oC, pH 1.5  during 80 minutes with  11.93%  water content of 0.79% ash content,  about 600-800mg and 4, 43% methoxyl  content.
PENGOLAHAN LANJUT LIMBAH CAIR KELAPA SAWIT SECARA AEROBIK MENGGUNAKAN EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM GUNA MENGURANGI NILAI TSS
Authors: Irvan  , Bambang Trisakti  , Michael Vincent  , Yohannes Tandean
Published: October 2019

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) production in Indonesia is estimated around 28.7 million ton/year. Generally, POME treatment is done conventionally by using facultative ponds. Aside from the vast usage of land and operational cost, this system also emits greenhouse gases. Eventhough, POME is a potential raw resource in producing biogas. Previous researches were done with anaerobic process to produce biogas, but the waste produced still haven’t met the standard quality control requirements. The total suspended solid (TSS) contained in the waste produced from the anaerobic process is still around 400 mg/L, which is the reason why aerobic process is still necessary to drop the number of TSS contained by using effective microorganism. From the result, a 10 day HRT aerobic process can reduce the number of TSS to around 200 mg/L.
PENGURANGAN FFA DAN WARNA DARI MINYAK JELANTAH DENGAN ADSORBEN SERABUT KELAPA DAN JERAMI
Authors: Julius Fernando Pakpahan  , Tomas Tambunan  , Agnes Harimby  , M. Yusuf Ritonga
Published: October 2019

Jelantah is a cooking oil that has been used in a few time. It is not only have an unattractive colour and rancid, but also can make a risk to the health. Jelantah can be recovered by adsorbing the impurities and reduce color  using the adsorbents. This study aimed to reduce levels of FFA and color of jelantah using coconut fiber and straw adsorbents with variation 50,70 and 100 mesh, variations in pressure at 1 atm and below, and the time variation of adsorption every 10 minutes during the first half hours. In this study, the best adsorbent to reduce free fatty acid (FFA) is coconut fiber with a pressure below 1 atm where FFA value before adsorbed is 0.006823 N and after being adsorbed 0.0002924 N, whereas for the reduction of oil color, the best adsorbent is straw with 100 mesh size because it reduces the color of 5.5 red and 24 yellow to 3.3 red and 21 yellow.
PENGARUH WAKTU SIMPAN FILM PLASTIK BIODEGRADASI DARI PATI KULIT SINGKONG TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIKALNYA
Authors: Fauzi Akbar  , Zulisma Anita  , Hamidah Harahap
Published: October 2019

Biodegradable plastics are plastics that will decompose in nature with the help of microorganisms. The use of starch as the main material of plastic manufacturing has great potential because in Indonesia there are different starch crops. To obtain bioplastics, starch is added to the plasticizer glycerol, in order to obtain a more flexible plastic and elastic. This study reviews the use of cassava starch and glycerol skin as a base for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of storage time on the mechanical properties of plastic film biodegradation of starch cassava peel. The results obtained in the form of a thin sheet plastic film that have been tested mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and elasticity. Mechanical properties of plastic films will decrease every week due to the absorption of moisture and plasticizer migration occurs in a matrix of plastic films for storage.
HUBUNGAN KETERGANTUNGAN PROSES ANTARA PROSES SPLITTING DAN DISTILASI PADA INDUSTRI OLEOKIMIA
Authors: Muhammad Yusuf Ritonga
Published: October 2019

The normal production yield target of a fatty acid distillated products (FADP) or DPOFA (Distilled Palm Oil Fatty Acid)’s fail to be achieved, and lead to do a particular analysis and study - to solve the problem in industrial scale. The DPOFA’s manufactured through degumming, splitting and distillation processs. The production yield’s improved in this study by using trial and error method. The improved splitting degree (98 % minimum) helped much better DPOFA production yield - come to be 93 % (normal target). There are strong processes interrelationship between splitting and distillation process.
PENJERAPAN LOGAM KADMIUM (Cd2+) DENGAN ADSORBEN CANGKANG TELUR BEBEK YANG TELAH DIAKTIVASI
Authors: Krisnawati  , Jasinda  , Iriany
Published: October 2019

Harzadous waste water is the waste that can be harmful to human’s health. One of heavy metals that contains in harzadous waste is cadmium. This research aims to investigate the characteristic of cadmium adsorption, equilibrium time, percentage adsorption, adsorption kinetic, adsorption isotherm and capacity of cadmium adsorption by using duck egg’s shell adsorbent. Duck egg’s shell adsorbent that had been activated at 600 oC were put into cadmium solution and mixed together. Every 10 minutes experimental samples were analyzed using AAS. The results indicated that percentage adsorption increases and the longer equilibrium time will be reached with an increase of adsorbent dosage. The Lagergen first order Models was applied as adsorption kinetics model and the Bangham Models was applied as adsorption isotherms models.
PEMBUATAN PUPUK CAIR DAN BIOGAS DARI CAMPURAN LIMBAH SAYURAN
Authors: Erickson Sarjono Siboro  , Edu Surya  , Netti Herlina
Published: October 2019

Garbage market activity results, which are not well experienced management will cause environmental pollution. The waste of vegetables still contains a high water content and contain organic ingredients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that one of them is a waste of vegetables. One method to manage waste of vegetables is to chop waste of vegetables with use the blender and mix with EM4 then fermented for 25 days. So it becomes an organic liquid fertilizer, because more quickly absorbed into the soil and quickly be used directly by plants, and can't damage the soil and plants. Preliminary data obtained from this study of the water content of 88.78%, pH 7.68, and the ratio of C / N 33.56. Final data with optimal results obtained on day 25 with the composition of the EM4 350 ml of N 1%, P 1.98%, K 0.85% and the ratio of C / N 30, total solid 34.78%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 2386 mg / L, pH 5.55 and 13 ml of biogas.
EKSTRAKSI PIGMEN ANTOSIANIN DARI KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Lidya Simanjuntak  , Chairina Sinaga  , Fatimah
Published: October 2019

Extraction of anthocyanin pigments from the red pitaya’s peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) has been done. Anthocyanin pigment from the red pitaya’s peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) can be used as an alternative for sinthetys dye. Extraction of anthocyanin pigments in this experiment is using maceration method. There are three independent variables used in this experiment, they are the type of solvent (distilled water, 95% ethanol, ethyl acetate and 10% citric acid), solvent ratios (1:2, 1:3 and 1:4,) and the time of extraction process (1, 2 and 3 days). This experiment aims to determine the right type of solvent, better solvent ratio and better extraction time that used to get anthocyanin pigments from red pitaya’s peel. The measurements in this experiment are based on the pH value, the absorbance value and anthocyanin pigment yield. The experimental results shows that the levels of anthocyanin pigments of red pitaya’s peel dissolved in a solvent mixture of distilled water plus 10% citric acid produce the highest level of anthocyanin pigment yield is 62.68% at pH 2 and the extraction time are 3 days.
PENGARUH PELARUT TERT-BUTANOL TERHADAP MINYAK DAN SUHU REAKSI GLISEROLISIS PADA PEMBUATAN MONO DAN DIASILGLISEROL (MDAG) MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ABU CANGKANG TELUR AYAM
Authors: Retno Dian Lestari Purba  , Margareth Nainggolan  , M. Yusuf Ritonga
Published: October 2019

Mono and diacylglycerol (MDAG) is one of the synthetic emulsifier agent widely used in food industry. Emulsifier agent is one of the economically high value oleochemical product. The purpose of this research is to produce MDAG through glycerolysis process of refined bleached deodorize palm oil (RBDPO) and glycerol by using egg shell waste as catalyst (4 % of oil weight) for 2 hours, whereas the variables ratio of tert-butanol to oil (1, 2, 3 v/w) and reaction temperatur (60, 70 and 80 oC). Egg shell waste was calcined at  900 oC for 2 hours to form active CaO catalyst. Then glycerolysis process to produce mono and diacylglyserol. Mono and diacylglycerol that formed was separated by using separator fannel. The upper layer was vaporated to separate MDAG from tert-butanol. The content of MDAG was analyzed using Gas Chromatography. The best result was at 70 oC temperature, ratio co-solvent to oil 3:1 (v/w), 2 hours of reaction time and 4% of catalyst amount from oil and oil molar ratio to glycerol 1:6 with MDAG content of 68,62%. MDAG formed are w/o emulsifier with 5.19 HLB. The result of this research shows that egg shell waste is suitable to be used as source of cheap catalyst to produce mono and diacylglycerol.
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF DEGUMMED PALM OIL (DPO) TO PRODUCE PALM BIODIESEL BY USING LIPOZYME TL IM AS BIOCATALYST
Authors: Aira Darusmy  , Nur Sri Rahayu  , Renita Manurung
Published: October 2019

Biodiesel is usually synthesis ​​by transesterification of triglycerides and alcohols in the presence of an acid or an alkaline catalyst but it could produce a chemical waste process. An alternative process is using biocatalyst such as enzyme to synthesis biodiesel that couldn’t produce chemical waste process. In this research, the synthesis of biodiesel from degummed palm oil (DPO) and methanol as acyl donor has been investigated with using of Lipozyme as biocatalyst. The purpose of this experiment is to examine the effect of the temperature and the amount of biocatalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel that produced from palm oil and examine the effect of the use of methanol to the lipase enzyme activity in catalyzing the synthesis of biodiesel through transesterification reaction. The variables in this research are the amount of biocatalyst and temperature, and their responses with yield conversion of biodiesel are representated using response surface methodology (RSM) with Minitab software. The reactants and products are analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Yield raging from 10-79 % are achieved in 15 hours reaction time. The variable effect of process for obtaining yield can be known from the temperature gives negative result about 0,6738 for the formation of biodiesel product. Afterwards the amount of biocatalyst gives positive result about 22,8091 and interaction between temperature and the amount of biocatalyst give negative result. The results show that the most influential variable is the amount of biocatalyst. Therefore, this experiment would need further investigation works and analysis and reuse of lipozyme as biocatalyst on the run which obtained the highest yield. The highest yield is obtained at a reaction temperature of 45 ° C and the amount of catalyst by 30%. In the reuse of lipozyme, can be repeated four times and obtained the total of the decrease in yield of 77%.
PEMANFAATAN ASAP CAIR DARI PIROLISIS CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI PENGAWET ALAMI TAHU
Authors: Lisa Ginayati  , M. Faisal  , Suhendrayatna
Published: October 2019

This research aims to utilize the coconut-palm shell waste to be processed as liquid smoke grade I, used for natural preservative of tofu. The process used to produce the liquid smoke is by using pyrolysis method. The pyrolysis temperatures used ware 300 oC, 340 oC, and 380oC, with liquid smoke concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. Purification of liquid smoke from grade III to grade I was made through two distillation phases at temperature of 200 oC. The produced liquid smoke grade I was then utilized to preserve the tofu in order to increase its storing period. The testing towards durability of the preserved tofu was done by Total Volatile Base (TVB) and Organoleptic. Based on the TVB values test, the tofu can last for 56 hours when it was soaked in liquid smoke, while the durability of the tofu without soaked in liquid smoke was only 16 hours. Results of the organoleptic test showed that 90% of respondents favor the taste, flavor, and texture of the liquid smoke-soaked tofu, which was pyrolysed at 340oC and at concentration of 0.5%. the TVB Value at these condition was 19.61mg N%.
PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI TEPUNG AMPAS TEBU MELALUI PROSES HIDROLISIS TERMAL DAN FERMENTASI SERTA RECYCLE VINASSE (PENGARUH KONSENTRASI TEPUNG AMPAS TEBU, SUHU DAN WAKTU HIDROLISIS)
Authors: Bambang Trisakti  , Yustina br Silitonga  , Irvan
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research are to study the effect of sugarcane bagasse powder concentration, hydrolysis temperature and time on the yield of glucose and the level of glucose by recycle vinasse process. Raw sugarcane bagasse as primary material was obtained from sugarcane juice shop. Observed variabels were concentration of sugarcane bagasse, hydrolysis time and temperature. Sugarcane bagasse is powdered by blender and then  mixed with aquadest (2,94; 3,85; 4,76%) and hydrolized in the hydrolysis tank. The hydrolysis process occured at 1, 1,5 and 2 hours and temperature 135, 150 and 165°C. The hydrolysis products were tested for its glucose, lignin and cellulose composition. After that, the product was fermented in order to produce bioethanol. The fermented product was filtered for its vinasse and it will be used as the feed of hydrolysis recycle process. Result showed that yield of glucose increases as the increase  of sugarcane bagasse powder concentration, hydrolysis time and temperature. But, yield of glucose increases from 1 until 1,5 hour of hydrolysis time and then decreases from 1,5 to 2 hour of hydrolysis time. The highest yield of glucose (31,022%) was obtained at concentration 2,94%, 165 °C and 2 hours of hydrolysis time. Lignin and cellulose level fluctuated as the increasing of hydrolysis temperature. This might be caused by the non-uniform composition by the raw materials.
EKSTRAKSI 1,8-CINEOLE DARI MINYAK DAUN EUCALYPTUS UROPHYLLA DENGAN METODE SOXHLETASI
Authors: Irvan  , Putra B. Manday  , Januar Sasmitra
Published: October 2019

Eucalyptus urophylla plants (family: Myrtaceae, order: Myrtales ) usually are used only wooden parts for the manufacture of frames, pulp and paper, whereas their leaves can be used to produce essential oils in the pharmaceutical usage. The aim of this research is to extract the essential oils from leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla with soxhlet extraction method, in order to obtain maximum recovery of essential oils with good quality. Prior to the extraction process, the fresh leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla were reduced so that its size become 1 × 1 cm, and then dried in an oven at a temperature of 70 °C for 1 hour after being wrapped in a filter paper, after that followed by the extraction of the leaves using a variety of solvents, namely 96 % ethanol, n-hexane and dichloromethane, then proceed with the analysis of essential oil products (cineol content analysis). In this study, experiments were conducted with a variety of treatments such as the ratio of the volume of solvent to yield, the ratio of the mass of leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla to the yield on 5 cycles , and temperature of the solvent to yield. The conclusions of this research are the best extraction results with maximum cineol value (29.17 %) was obtained using dichloromethane solvent, while using 96 % ethanol produced the maximum yield of extract.
EVALUASI KESETIMBANGAN KELARUTAN GAS KARBON DIOKSIDA (CO2) DALAM PELARUT ALKANOLAMINA MENGGUNAKAN SIMULATOR PROSES
Authors: Yansen Hartanto  , Tri Partono Adhi  , Antonius Indarto
Published: October 2019

Acid gas removal to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) in natural gas is one of the most important processes. The common removal process of CO2 from natural gas by using alkanolamine solution This process was adopted as basic module in commercial process simulation tools with various equilibrium models. Thus, this study was focused to evaluate the validity in certain operating condition and equilibrium model that produced by commercial simulation tools. The model in this study included coefficient activity model based on Kent-Eisenberg, Li-Mather, and Electrolyte Non Random Two Liquid (NRTL). The evaluation was conducted by doing analysis from simulation result and experiment data that have been used as reference. Furthermore, validation test in absorption process simulation was done to compare column temperature profile. The overall conclusions show that electrolyte NRTL gives the most accurate result.
EKSTRAKSI MINYAK DARI BIJI ALPUKAT (Persea Americana Mill) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT N-HEPTANA
Authors: Atikah Risyad  , Resi Levi Permadani  , Siswarni MZ
Published: October 2019

Avocado production is quite high in Indonesia led to increased waste avocado seed. Avocado seeds have an oil content large enough to potentially be used as a source of vegetable oil. A commonly used solvent for the extraction process is hexane. However, hexane proved to have an alarming danger if it is used for the extraction of food ingredients, necessitating alternative solvents such as n-heptane. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of variable research on avocado seed oil extraction using n-heptane. The method used in this study is Response Surface Methodology-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) by varying the time of extraction, extraction temperature, avocado seed mass and volume of the solvent n-heptane. ANOVA with 95% confidence level (p <0.05) showed that the variables have a significant influence on the yield of avocado seed oil produced by the value of R2 = 94.24% at constant temperature and R2 = 93.95% at constant time. Characteristics of avocado seed oil is a orange color, density amounted to 0.71 g/ml, viscosity amounted to 0.43 cP, and FFA amounted to 2.76%. Analysis of fatty acid composition of avocado seed oil showed fatty acid component is predominantly polyunsaturated fatty acids as linoleic acid of 47.3531% (w/w), saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid amounted to 20.3439% (w/w), and monounsaturated fatty acids as oleic acid amounted to 15.8823% (w/w).
POTENSI ZEOLIT ALAM DAN CaO DARI CANGKANG TELUR AYAM SEBAGAI KATALIS DALAM PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI TREATED WASTE COOKING OIL
Authors: Taslim  , Meilia  , Nike Taruna
Published: October 2019

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines which is produced from either vegetable oils or animal fats. Treated Waste Cooking Oil (TWCO) was the pretreated WCO using activated carbon to reduce the high content of free fatty acid (FFA). The objective of this study was to discover the potential of catalyst which was the mixture of natural zeolite and CaO derived from the chicken eggshells in producing biodiesel with TWCO as feedstock. Chicken eggshells were calcined at the temperature of 1000 oC for 2 hours. Effect of using the catalyst, natural zeolite and CaO, was investigated in this study. The properties of biodiesel such as methyl ester content, density, kinematic viscosity and flash point were evaluated and compared to the Indonesian Standard (SNI). In this study, the biodiesel yield for catalyst of natural zeolite, CaO, and mixture of both were 7,28%; 51,17%; and 87,40% respectively. The biodiesel produced in this study was comparable to the SNI standard and that the addition of natural zeolite could enhance the catalytic activity. Therefore, it is highly potential as low-cost catalyst in producing biodiesel.
PENURUNAN KADAR LOGAM KADMIUM MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN NANO ZEOLIT ALAM ACEH
Authors: Cut Raziah  , Zerlinda Putri  , Atika Rahmi Lubis  , Sofyana  , Zuhra  , Suhendrayatna  , Sri Mulyati
Published: October 2019

The presence of Cadmium (Cd) in groundwater is an issue that needs serious handling as it causes problems to human health. The removal of Cadmium (Cd) can be done by various methods such as adsorption, oxidation, filtration, and many more. In this study, the method used was adsorption using Aceh natural zeolite. This process was expected to reduce Cd metal as effectively as possible. The adsorption was conducted by varying contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH and initial concentration of Cd metal. The crystallized Aceh natural zeolite was characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) with Si/Al zeolite ratio of 4.36 %. The concentration of Cadmium in water was analyzed by means of Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) standard AA 630. The results showed that the adsorption of cadmium in water solution by Aceh natural zeolite occurred according to   the Freundlich adsorption model. While the adsorption kinetic from the process was found to be a pseudo second order with k2 value of 1.53.
MASERASI ALKALI DARI BATANG PISANG (Musa paradisiaca) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT AQUADEST
Authors: Lilis Sukeksi  , Patima Valentina Haloho  , Masniar Sirait
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is to determine the time of alkali absorption from banana stem in semibatch and batch. In this study maceration maseration is a leaching process used to obtain the time required for solvent to absorb alkali in banana stem ash. While the batch system maseration is a leaching process used to obtain the time required for the solvent to reach saturation point (stop absorbing). Data collection techniques in this research are: sample preparation and drying of banana stem, banana stalking process banana stem, brazing ash process of banana stem in semibatch and batch, and determination of alkaline content by titration method. From result of research can be concluded that banana stem potentially serve as source of alkali because potassium (K2O) and sodium (Na2O) content in banana ash sticks respectively 36,19% and 13,99%. Water content and yield of banana ash sticks were 78.6% and 17.7%, respectively. The time for the semibatch system is obtained in 72 hours, while for the batch system was obtained in 12 days. Normalities of alkali extracts in semibatch and batch maceration still increased. Where in the ratio of banana stem ash/solvent is 1 gram / 25 ml; 2 gram / 25 ml; 3 gram / 25 ml; and 4 gram / 25 ml respectively had a normality value that still increased from 0.219 N to 0.567 N; 0.407 N to 0.891 N; 0.578 N to 1,315 N; and 0.819 N to 1,345 N. The highest permeated alkali yield was obtained ratio (banana stem ash/ solvent) 1 gram / 25 ml of 52.37%.