bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological and Histological Study for the Effect of Escalation Doses of Dostinex (Caprigoline) on Male Mice through Some Biochemical Parameters
Authors: Ibraheem Shaima R.
Published: November 2021

Although the history of many drugs proved some beneficial effects, yet uncontrolled use may have serious impact on health especially vital organs as liver and kidney and endocrine glands. Dopamine agonists are the treatment of choice for the majority of patients with hyperprolactinemic disorders. Bromocriptine has been used over the past 30 years, whereas cabergoline has become a first-choice agonist in recent years. The present study was aimed to evaluate the physiological and histological effects of escalated doses of the drug (Caprigoline) in male mice. The experiment includes 40 mice divided on 4 groups. Group 1 treated with PBS represents the control. The groups (2, 3, and 4) treated with the doses (0.5, 5, and 10) mg of caprigoline /Kg body weight respectively. Regarding hormonal assay, the results showed significant (P<0.05) differences between the treated groups and the control. There was a significant increase in luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, Triiodothyronine (T3) and Throxine (T4) level accompanies the increase in caprigoline dose. In contrast the Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL) show a decrease in their levels as the dose become higher. Furthermore; there was a significant increase in level of Alanin aminotransaminase (ALT) as an indicator of liver function and a significant increase in level of urea as an indicator of kidney function in the treated groups compared with the control. The histological study reveal an obvious morphological changes compared with the normal state in the animals treated with the high dose. The liver in mice treated with (5 and 10) mg caprigoline showing focal area of necrosis with inflammatory cells. The kidney in mice treated with 10 mg caprigoline shows a degenerative changes and necrosis of epithelial of micro tubules and thyroidization phenomeno.
Role of sex chromatin on performance in the local (black) goats
Authors: Raoof Salim Omar , Yahya Sirod Sami , Birkhader Dlpak , SheakhMohamad Younis Ahmad
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted on local black goats belongs to private flock in Erbil plain from period July/ 2014 to April/ 2015. The study included 116 local black goats to study role of sex chromatin  on the daily milk production (DMP), total milk production (TMP), lactation period (LP), Fertility rate, Prolificacy, birth weight (BW), fertilize estrous sequences and correlation coefficients between the studied traits and repeatability of (DMP). The ratio of sex chromatin shapes drum stick, sessile nodule, tear drop and small club were%32.05, %52.97, %8.52 and%6.46respectively. The overall means of DMP, TMP, LP, Fertility rate, Prolificacy, BW and fertilize estrous sequences were 577.78g, 49.21kg, 85.70days, %75.74 ,1.35 ,3.01 kg and 1.50respectively. Sex chromatin shapes had significant effect on all of the characterize studied. The results showed that there is significant (P<0.05) in relation to (DMY), the highest rate of (DMY) was shown among the goats. The highest level of (DMP) was in animals which raised drum stick sex chromatin (681.03g), while the lowest level was among sheep which raised sex chromatin small club (514.77g), also, there are significant effect of sex chromatin shapes on fertility rate, prolificacy, BW, and fertilize estrus sequences. Correlation coefficient value between (DMP) correlated positively 0.88, 0.54, 0.33, and 0.31 for drum stick, sessile nodule, tear drop and small club respectively. Repeatability estimates for (DMP) 0.38. The conclusion of this study is the prediction of production (milk production and BW) and reproduction (Fertility rate, Prolificacy and fertilize estrous sequences) performance for local black goats from shapes and percentage of sex chromatin distribution and measurements. The sex chromatin shapes helped in doing early selection to elite goats on the linkage between sex chromatin shapes and performance production.
تاثير الرش الورقي بحامض البرولين في مؤشرات النمو والحاصل لنبات البابونج Chamomilla L. Matricaria. المعرض للاجهاد المائي
Authors: Al-kazzaz Amel , Al-Saedi Abbas , Al-Saedi Hassan , Yahya Suhad , Abed Rasha
Published: November 2021

اجريت التجربة باستعمال الاصص في البيت الزجاجي التابع للحديقة النباتية في قسم علوم الحياة، كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة /ابن الهيثم، جامعة بغداد لموسم النمو 2012-2013, بهدف دراسة تاثير الرش بحامض البرولين بثلاثة تراكيز (50, 100, 150ملغم.لتر‾ˡ) فضلا عن معاملة المقارنة في بعض مؤشرات النمو والمؤشرات الفسيولوجية لنبات البابونج المعرض لاجهاد المائي بثلاثة مدد (3،6،9 يوم). نفذت  التجربة وفق التصميم العشوائي الكامل وبثلاثة مكررات. اشارت النتائج بان تاثير الاجهاد المائي بتباعد فترات الري من ثلاثة ايام الى تسعة ايام ادى الى انخفاض معنوي في معدلات مؤشرات نمو النبات(ارتفاع النبات، تركيزالنتروجين، تركيزالفسفور،تركيز الكالسيوم، الحاصل البايولوجي، عدد التفرعات الزهرية.اصيص‾ˡ, وزن الازهار. اصيص‾ˡ وعدد الازهار.اصيص‾ˡ)، وان الرش بحامض البرولين كان له تاثيرا ايجابيا في ازالة التاثير السلبي  للاجهاد المائي, وكان تاثيرالتداخل بين عاملي الدراسة معنويا في ازالة التاثير السلبي للاجهاد المائي, اذا كان للتركيز100ملغم.لتر‾ˡ حامض البرولين دور في ازالة التاثير السلبي للاجهاد المائي المتمثلة بفترة تسعة ايام في ارتفاع النبات، تركيز الفسفور و الحاصل البايولوجي, في حين تمكن التركيز150ملغم .لتر‾ˡ حامض البرولين من ازالة تاثير الاجهاد المائي لمدة نفسها في تركيز النتروجين, تركيز الكالسيوم، عدد التفرعات الزهرية. اصيص‾ˡ, وزن الازهار. اصيص‾ˡ و عدد الازهار. اصيص‾ˡ.
Comparative Study of Expansion and Proliferation of Adult Mice Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue
Authors: Umran Mahfoodha Abbas , Salman Marwa Ibrahim
Published: November 2021

The importance of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents a favorable tool for new clinical concepts in supporting tissue engineering and cellular therapy. Bone marrow (BM) was considered important source contain mesenchymal stem cells .Another promising source of MSCs is adipose tissue (AT). MSCs derived from these sources compared regarding morphology, the success rate of isolating MSCs, expansion potential by rate of colony forming and immune phenotype. The obtained results from this study showed no obvious considerable differences concerning the morphology and immune phenotype of the MSCs derived from these sources were obvious. Differences observed concerning to the success rate of isolating MSCs, which was approximately  more than  90% for BM, while it reached about  70% for AT after seven days of culturing, as well as the rate of colony forming was lower in  AT cells in comparison to that obtained  in BM at the same period. However, AT-MSCs could be required longest time to complete monolayer confluence, whereas BM-MSCs had the shortest proliferation period. Cells from both sources determined according to immunohistochemistry by CD105+ and CD34.¯ Conclusions revealed that MSCs can easily and successfully obtained from bone marrow and adipose tissues, and both tissues appears suitable sources of stem cells for potential use in regenerative medicine, repairing damaged tissue nevertheless the BM-MSCs more effectual in expansion and proliferation.
The Association between Prothrombin Gene G20210A and Factor V Leiden Mutation in Women with Complications of Pregnancy in Baghdad Province
Authors: Namaa Dhuha  Salim , Mohammed Nadira , Abdullah Farah Thamer , Alnakkash Ulfat MA.J. , Saleh Thooalnoon Younes , Hameed Sura Nabeel
Published: November 2021

Factor V Leiden (FVL) (G1691A) and prothrombin gene (G20210A) mutations are the most common inherited forms of thrombophilia. The main objective of this study is to analyze the association between inherited thrombophilia FVL mutation and prothrombin G20210A mutation and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) among women suffering from complications of pregnancy. The study included 40 buccal swab samples collected from women at the reproductive age complications; abruption placenta 12.5%, dead fetal 37.5%, and recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) 50% in comparison with 30 women who had one or more normal pregnancies from Elwiyah Obstetric teaching hospital through the period from mid of September 2014 to the mid of March 2015. The median age of patients was 32 years (range: 19–42 years) while for the control group, it was 28 years (range: 17–41 years). Out of 40 women, 65% had one pregnancy loss and 35% for more than two previous pregnancy losses. According to the time of pregnancy losses, 22(55%) women had early pregnancy loss (EPL), and 18 (45%) women had Late Pregnancy Loss (LPL). For FVL mutation detection the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used. DNA fragment of interest was amplified by PCR and then subjected to digestion by MnlI specific restriction enzyme. For prothrombin G20210A mutation detection different PCR products were generated using a set of primers in A/A, G/G, A/G alleles. Out of the 70 samples tested for FVL mutation no homozygous FVL mutation was detected and Prothrombin gene mutation G20210A was totally absent among patient and control.
تقدير الخصائص الفيزوكيميائية والحسية لصمغ بذور الريحان Ocimum basilicum العراقي والكشف عن بعض المركبات الفعالة فيه
Authors: Al-aubadi Inas Mudhafar , Al-Ani Mayson Thaafir Hadi
Published: November 2021

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى استخلاص صمغ بذور الريحان المحلي وتحديد خصائصه الفيزوكيميائية، كانت قيمة الرقم الهيدروجيني والكثافة النسبية لمحلول الصمغ بتركيز1% وكثافة الكتلة والكثافة المنقورة ونسبة Hausner’s  ومعامل الانضغاطية والفقد عند التجفيف للصمغ6.3 , 0.9778 غم/سم3, 0.30 غم/سم3, 0.32 غم/سم3، 1.06, 6.25%, 7.2% على الترتيب, وكانت لصمغ المقارنة المتمثل بالصمغ العربي 4.5, 0.6641غم/سم3, 0.68غم/سم3, 0.90غم/سم3 ،1.32, 24.44%, 4.8% على الترتيب. كانت درجة حرارة الانصهار لصمغ بذور الريحان أعلى مقارنةً بالصمغ العربي وهي 290 و275 °م على الترتيب. أبدى صمغ بذور الريحان قابلية عالية على الانتفاخ بالماء إذ بلغ معامل الانتفاخ 5.6% واقل معامل انتفاخ له كان في محلول هيدروكسيد الصوديوم بتركيز0.5% إذ بلغ 5.0%. تميز صمغ بذور الريحان بخواص حسية  جيدة إذ كان عديم الطعم والرائحة وكريمي اللون بهيئة مسحوق مسترطب. إن هذه الصفات تؤهله للاستعمال في العديد من التطبيقات الغذائية والصناعية كونه لا يؤثر على لون المنتوج المصنع وطعمه. أظهرت نتائج الاختبارات نتيجة موجبة للسكريات المختزلة والبروتين, إن وجود كمية ضئيلة من البروتين في الصمغ له أهمية في تحسين خصائص الاستحلاب وربط الدهن وبعض الصفات الوظيفية الأخرى.
التقييم النوعي والكمي للفلافونويدات المستخلصة من بذور نبات الكراويا (Carum carvi L.)
Authors: Alobaidy Naser A. , Ali Hamid H. , Thabit Zaid A.
Published: November 2021

الكراويا من النباتات الطبية المهمة والتي تحتوي على مجموعة من نواتج الايض الثانوي ذات الفعالية الحيوية الواسعة. استخلصت   بذور النبات الجافة باستخدام اربع مذيبات منفصلة هي: الميثانول 70%, الايثانول70%, الهكسان70% والماء بالاستخلاص المستمر باستخدام جهاز السكسليت Soxhlet لثلاث مذيبات. تم الكشف الكيميائي للمكونات الفعالة في المستخلصات الخام. وقد استخلصت الفلافونويدات من بذور نبات الكراويا باستخدام الـ Reflex  وتعريضها الى صفيحة TLC. استخلص الجزء غير السكري aglycon بالكلوروفورم. تم الكشف عن الفلافونويدات للمستخلص باستخدام تقنية HPLC. نتائج هذه الدراسة بينت ان كل المستخلصات تختلف مكوناتها عن الاخرى وان النبات غني بالفلافونويدات وبالأخص الروتين والكوارستين والكامفيرول واليوتيولين وكميات قليلة من الكومارين. الفلافونويدات الكلية لكل غرام من مسحوق بذور الكراويا الجافة تساوي0.78  ملغم.
عزل وتشخيص البكتريا الملوثة لنهر دجلة في بعض أقضية محافظة واسط
Authors: Hays Helal H. , Abduljabar Reyad A. , Jasim Hameed
Published: November 2021

تضمنت الدراسة عزل وتشخيص الأنواع والأجناس البكتيرية السائدة في مياه نهر دجلة خلال سنة واحدة ابتداء من شهر حزيران 2015 ولغاية شهر آيار 2016 وبواقع 8 مواقع، توزعت على النحو الأتي: موقعين في كل منطقة تفصل بينهما مسافة 50 متر، في كل من: قضاء العزيزية وناحية الزبيدية وقضاء النعمانية وأما في مدينة الكوت فقد شملت موقعين، احدهما قبل سدة الكوت والأخرى بعد السدة . وتم ذلك بإجراء الاختبارات الكيموحيوية وتأكيد التشخيص باستعمال نظام(Analytical Profile Index )  API20E، تشير نتائج التشخيص إلى وجود 22 عزلة عائدة للأجناس والأنواع الآتية في عينات مياه النهر Aeromnonas veronii و Aeromonas punctata و Bacillus subtilis و Exiguobacterium profoun و Pseudomonas alcaligenes و Enterobacter cloacae و Aeromonas caviae و Pseudomonas fluroescen و Bordetella spp و Photobacterium damala و Aeromonas hydrophila و Acinetobacter bumannii و Serratia liquefciens و Moraxella spp و Buttiaxella agrestis و Shigella spp و Chryseomonas meningosept و Pasteurella spp و Erwinia spp و Escherichia coli و Enterobacterium hormaechei و Escherichia vuleneris. إذ شخصت في فصل الصيف (شهر حزيران 2015)  16 عزلة بنسبة 27.5% وفي فصل الخريف (شهر أيلول) 16 عزلة بنسبة 27.5 % ، أما في فصل الشتاء (شهر كانون الأول) فكانت 12 عزلة ونسبتها 20.6 % وأخيراً في فصل الربيع (شهر آيار 2016) فقد كانت 14 عزلة ونسبتها 24.1 %. وكان الموقع 1 في قضاء العزيزية هو الأكثر تلوث بالبكتريا بسبب مياه المجاري المنزلية وفضلات المواشي ضمن الأنشطة الزراعية.
Study the Effects of Methotrexate with and without Vitamin A on Some Biochemical and Histological Parameters in Male Rabbits
Authors: Al-Lami Makarim Q. , Sail Asmaa I. , Al-Chalabi Salah M. , Al-Mahdawi Ferial A.
Published: November 2021

The present study aims to evaluate the effects of methotrexate (MTX) with and without vitamin A (Vit. A) on some biochemical parameters and histological structure in male rabbits liver. Twenty male rabbits weighing 1250-1480 gm were divided into four equal number groups. The first group was given 2 ml distilled water as control group. The second group was given MTX (20 mg/kg), the third group was given Vit. A (5000 IU), while the fourth group was given MTX (20 mg/kg) +Vit. A (5000 IU) in alternative days. Following four weeks of treatment, lipid profile total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), [low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)]; in addition to thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4)] and liver enzymes [glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT)] were determined in the serum. Also, the histological examination of liver of all the experimental groups were carried out. The results were revealed that the treatment with MTX caused a significant P≤0.05 increases in TC, HDL, LDL, T4, and GPT when compared with the control group. The treatment with Vit. A did not cause any significant P≥0.05 differences in all the studied parameters. The MTX+Vit. A treated group showed a significant P≤0.05 increases only in GPT compared with the control group; while a significant P≤0.05 decreases was found in TC, HDL, T3, T4, and GOT when compared with the MTX treated group. The histological examination of the liver sections showed that MTX administration caused major histological changes in comparison with the control such as inflammatory cell infiltrations, vascular congestion, sinusoidal dilatation and granular degeneration of hepatocytes. Treatment with Vit. A showed a typical structure in liver tissue. While in MTX+Vit. A group, the histological changes were less severe than those in the MTX treated group; these changes were granular degeneration of hepatocytes and sinusoidal dilatation at low levels. The overall results of this study confirmed that administration of Vit. A decreased the side effects of MTX; this protective effect of Vit. A may have clinical applications in chemotherapy.
تأثير المركبات النانوية في انتاج الدرينات الدقيقة لبعض اصناف البطاطا Solanum tuberosum L. المزروعة في خارج الجسم الحي
Authors: Al-jeboury Abduljasim , Shanan Ashwak , Hussein Zainab , Abdulhusien Ayser
Published: November 2021

درس تأثير اضافة نوعين من المركبات النانوية هما  نترات الفضة النانوية (AgNO3-NPs) واوكسيد التيتانيوم النانوي  (TiO2-NPs) الى الوسط الغذائي (MS) المستعمل لنمو الزروعات وانتاج الدرينات الدقيقة لثلاثة اصناف من البطاطا (Burren، Riviera و Arizona) في خارج الجسم الحي. تظهرت النتائج وجود فروقات معنوية بين اصناف البطاطا في استجابتها للزراعة النسيجية وانتاج الدرينات الدقيقة حيث تفوق الصنف Arizona معنوياً في معدل ارتفاع النبيتات، ووزنها الطري والجاف ومتوسط عدد الدرينات/نبيتة  حيث بلغ المعدل 13.61 سم/نبيتة، 1283.48 ملغم/نبيتة، 145.04ملغم/نبيتة و2.83  درينة/نبيتة على التتابع، في حين تفوق الصنف Riviera في معدل وزن الدرينات والصنف Burren في معدل قطر الدرينات معنوياً على الصنف Arizona. تظهرت النـتائج ان اضافة المركب النانوي  AgNO3-NPs  بتركيـز  2 ملغم/لتر سبب زيادة معنوية في معدل ارتفاع النبيـتات ووزنها الطري والجاف ومعدل وزن الدرينة وقطرها على بقية المعاملات حيث بلغت معدلات هذه الصفات 15.05 سم/نبيتة، 1021.44 ملغم/نبيتة، 138.97 ملغم/نبيتة، 317.35  ملغم/درينة و6.07 ملم/درينة على التتابع،  في حين اعطى المركب النانوي TiO2-NPs بتركيز  2 ملغم/لتر اعلى معدل لعدد الدرينات بلغ 2.48  درينة/نبيتة وتفوق معنوياً على معاملتي المحايد و AgNO3-NPs بتركيز 2 ملغم/لتر. كما ظهرت تداخلات معنوية بين المعاملات واصناف البطاطا في اغلب الصفات المدروسة.
Effect of Fertility Blend® Administration on the Oocytes Quality and Embryonic Development using assisted Reproductive Technology in Mice
Authors: Al-dujaily S. , Al-Chalabi Salah M. , Khadem N. , Abdul-mageed M. , Abdul lateef Mo
Published: November 2021

Female Fertility Blend ® (FFB) is one of new nutritional supplement that used to enhance the fertility status in women. This supplement containing vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, all may improve the oocytes quality and ovarian function; at the same time protect oocytes from free radicals damage. The aim of the study is to examine the in vivo effect of FFB on oocyte quality, and in vitro fertilization rate (IVFR), and embryonic development (ED) at early cleavage stages using the mice as a model for human being. Therefore, two groups of mature female mice were involved (20 mouse each). The treated group is daily orally administrated by 3.4mg/kg /body weight from FFB for 10 days and the other groups (the control) were treated with FFB- free distilled water only for the same period. Oocytes were collected and an epididymal sperms from mature fertilized male mice are obtained and in vitro fertilization (IVF) is done. Following 24 and 48hrs from IVF, the FR and ED rate are recorded. This results showed a significant (P<0.05) differences in fertilization rate and embryonic development when treating the female mice with FFB compared to control group. It is concluded that the FFB treatment has a great improvement in oocytes maturation and in vitro fertilization and embryonic development status.
Serological Study for Celiac Disease among Sample of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Waheed Mohammed , AL-Thwani Amina N. , AL-Segar Rabab Q.
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to detect the celiac disease by using serological markers including AGA and Ttg. Celiac disease (CD) is a complex small intestinal disorder due to a dysregulated immune response to wheat gliadin in children and adults. A total of 412 suspected patients with celiac disease of males and females with age rang (1-48) year, attended Central Public Health Laboratory (CPHL) Baghdad/ Iraq during the period between December 2015 - April 2016, only fifty patients with celiac disease with age rang 1-40 were confirmed by two serological test which were Anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) and Anti-Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) conducted by ELISA. The results, showed that 73 (17.72 %) of patients were seropositive AGA-IgA, and 83 (20.15%) were seropositive for AGA-IgG, whereas 67 (16.27%) were seropositive for both IgA and IgG of AGA test. The seropositive patients for tTG- IgA and tTG -IgG were 60 (14.56 %), and 69 (16.75 %) respectively. The seropositive for both (tTG -IgA and IgG) represented 53 (12.87 %) patient.
علاقة التراكيب الوراثية لجين هرمون النمو ((GH بعدد من الصفات الانتاجية والتناسلية لدى الأغنام العواسي
Authors: A. Abbas , Al-Saedi Basema , Al-Anbari N.N.
Published: November 2021

أستخدمت في هذة الدراسه 50 نعجه من غنم سلاله العواس المحلي باعمار تراوحت بين (2-5) سنة وكان عدد الحملان 62 باعمار تراوحت بين الولادة ولغاية الفطام، وذلك للمدة من 1/11/2015 ولغايه1/6/2016، بهدف فصل المادة الوراثيه وتحديد التراكيب الوراثيه Genotype)) لجين هرمون النموGH)) وعلاقه ذلك بالاداء (الانتاج والنمو والتناسل)، إجريت هذة الدراسه في حقل الأغنام التابع لقسم الانتاج الحيواني/ كليه الزراعه/ جامعه بغداد وفي مختبرات معهد الهندسه الوراثيه والتقانات الاحيائيه/ جامعه بغداد. تباينت نسب توزيع التراكيب الوراثية AA وAG وGG لجين هرمون النمو GH معنوياً (P≤0.01)، في العينة المدروسة، إذ بلغت نسبها 26.00، و30.00 44.00 %  بالتتابع، وبتكرار اليلي متقارب بلغ 0.48 و0.52 لكل من الاليلين A وG على التوالي، تبين أنَّ تأثير التركيب الوراثي لجين GH في معدل الخصب عالي المعنوية (P≤0.01)، في حين لم يكن التباين معنوياً في نسبة الخصوبة، كما تباينت نسبة الهلاك لدى الحملان لغاية الفطام معنوياً (P≤0.05)، بإختلاف التركيب الوراثي لجين GH، وكان هنالك تأثير عالي المعنوية (P≤0.01)، للتركيب الوراثي لجين GH للنعاج في وزن الحملان عند الميلاد ومعنوياً (P≤0.05) في الوزن عند الفطام ومعدل الزيادة الوزنية بين الميلاد والفطام لدى مواليدها، كما تأثر طول الجسم ومحيط الصدر معنوياً (P≤0.05)، بإختلاف التراكيب الوراثية لجين GH، أظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية أنَّ انتاج الحليب اليومي والكلي وطول موسم الحليب للنعاج العواسي كان قد تأثر معنوياً (P≤0.05) بالتركيب الوراثي لجين GH ولصالح النعاج ذاتُ التركيب الوراثي الهجين AG، بيد أنَّ مكونات الحليب التي تم قياسها لم تتأثر معنوياً بإختلاف التركيب الوراثي لجين GH باستثناء نسبة الدهن في الحليب (P≤0.05) لصالح النعاج ذاتُ التركيب الوراثي GG. يمكن أنَّ نستنتج من الدراسة الحالية امكانية اعتماد التعبير الجيني لهرمون النمو في وضع إستراتيجيات التحسين الوراثي لدى الأغنام لتعظيم العائد الاقتصادي من مشاريع تربيتها بانتخاب وتضريب التراكيب الوراثية التي حققت أفضل معدل خصب وإنتاج حليب ونمو لدى حملانها.
Chromosomal abnormalities associated with male infertility in Baghdad Iraq
Authors: Nada Saad M. , Al-Ahmed Hazim I. , Obade Hussien
Published: November 2021

In the current study, 142 patients (109 azoospermia and 33 severoligospermia) were studied in order to explore the cytogenetic cause’s background and the hormonal study of male infertility in Baghdad Strip of Iraq. Of the 142 infertile males,14 patients showed abnormal chromosomal karyotypes corresponding to a frequency of  9.85% (14/142), the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities was only confined to the azoospermia patient group. Patients with abnormal karyotypes represented 12.84% (14/109) of the azoospermia patients. Nine had a 47, XXY karyotype of Klinefelter's syndrome [47XY;64.28% (9/14)], [47XY+mar;14.28% (2/14)], [46XY,del13(p12) and (del21(p12);7.14% (1/14)], [46XY,tra(5;12, -6); 7.14% (1/14)] and one with chromosomal instability that showed multiple mosaic karyotypes 7.14% (1/14). The hormonal levels of nine patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (KFS) were diagnosed in the present study, and the results showed elevated FSH and LH concentrations compared with control. While serum testosterone values were below the control.
Effect of Fertility Blend® Administration on the Epididymal Sperm Function Parameters of Vasectomized Mice: Physiological and Genetical Study as Model for Obstructive Azoospermic Men
Authors: Al-Dujaily Saad S. , Al-Ahmed Hazim I. , Al-Ethawi Jasim , Al-Ebrahimi Haidar A.
Published: November 2021

Male Fertility Blend® is  a new  nutrient supplements containing many constituents especially a plant called  Dong quai(Angelia  Sinensis). The plant extract has been used to facilitate the sperm function parameters. However, the studies concern on its effects on epididymal sperms of vasectomized males and obstructive azoospermia are very rare. Thus, this investigation was designed to elucidate the role of Male Fertility Blend® (MFB) formula on the in vivo epididymal sperm characters and DNA fragmentations of vasectomized male mice as a model for man. In this study, the orally administration of 3.4 µg/ml MFB was used for vasectomized and non-vasectomized mice along 35 days. The results revealed a significant (p≤0.05) increment in certain sperm function parameters of vasectomized mice by using fertility Blend® than that of not treated by this supplement. The percentage of progressive and unprogressive active sperm motility using MFB was significantly (P≤0.05) increased compared with non-treated group. It was concluded that the MFB formula containing different sources of energy and variety of factors that sustain the epididymal sperm of healthy and vasectomized mice. Therefore this supplement can be utilized for males complaining from obstructive azoospermia and other factors of infertility.
Cytotoxic activity of Cardia draba leaves extracted on some cancer cell line
Authors: Albarazanchi Shymaa I. , Ali Faik Ibrahim , Al-Shanon Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Cardaria draba is considered as one of the most fundamental plants that have wide diversity in medical uses, other researches had shown that this plant has a strong antioxidant activity for this reason the idea came to look for the cytotoxicity of this plant extract against different carcinogenic cell lines after subjection of this plant to methanolic extraction method.Result declared strong cytotoxicity against those carcinogenic cell line with a variable  values of IC50 and the best effect was seen against HepG2 cell line, then we looked for the reason behind this reduction in viability of the cells via performing Caspase 9 assay which is used to check the induction of apoptosis and the expression of the TNF-α as a strong transcription factor which is activated in tumor cell lines.

        Interestingly, our finding suggested that the plant extract produced a positive effect in the induction of Caspase 9 which led to induce early apoptosis, regarding TNF-α expression; the result explained a significant reduction in expression of those genes which were correlated with induction of tumor. This meant that the reduction in cell viability resulted in the induction of apoptosis and reduction of TNF-α transcription genes.
The effects of magnetic water treatment for improving germination of some medicinal plants
Authors: Rasheed Khalid A. , Shlahi Sattar , Ismail Hayder H. , Abdullateef Mohammed Omar
Published: November 2021

Three magnetic fields (2000,3000 and 4000) guass were used to study the germination of five types of medicinal plant seed (Nigella sativa, Coriandrum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Eruca sativa and Foenicutum. vulgare). The seeds were incubated in the dark and in certain moisture at three different temperature levels (10, 18 and 22)°C for 14 days. During the growth experiments, the best temperature of germination was found at 18°C, where it excelled three seed of five and gave a high percentage of germination to F. vulgare E. sativa C. sativum. Magnetic fields showed a differential effect in plant seed with different temperature. Where the seeds of F. vulgare and C. sativum gave the highest percentage of germination at 18°C.
Comparative study of antibiofilm activity of lime juice and lithium dioxide nanoparticles against Salmonella isolated from local cheese
Authors: Khalaf Zainab Zamel
Published: November 2021

Thirty specimens of fresh white cheeses, presented for sale in different markets at different cities of Iraq were analyzed microbiologically in this study.   Isolates of Salmonella, included in the specimens collected from November 2017 to January 2018, were investigated. Capacity for biofilm producing was demonstrated by two method, Tissue culture plate method (TCP) and Congo red agar (CRA).After that the antibiofilm activity of lime extract and LiO2NPs was studied as each one of them alone and then the synergistic effect was done by TCP method. The results showed that all Salmonella isolates produce biofilm but in different degrees. The results also displayed that Lime extract and LiO2NPs had antibiofilm effect against Salmonella when used alone and when the combination done between each one of these materials. In conclusion, it was observed that the specimens of fresh white cheese included in this study contained microbial contamination at a health-threatening level but we can eliminate this contamination by using lime extract and LiO2NPs.
PCR detection of Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene in women suffering from abortion
Authors: Mahmood Aseel S. , Al-Sarray Sabeeha A. , Al-Kazaz Abdulkareem
Published: November 2021

Background: Primary infection of maternal with toxoplasmosis during gestation and this infection transmission to the fetus continue to be the cause complex disease in offspring.

Objective: This study was conducted to test the utility of nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR) assay to detect recent infections with Toxoplasma in abortive women.

Material and methods: Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected by using B1 gene as a target for amplification which was highly specific for T. gondii and is well conserved among all of the tested strains. Blood from 60 abortive women and 25 apparently healthy pregnant women with no history of abortion (as control group) were taken in this current study.

Results: The results revealed that nPCR was positive in 48(80%) subjects and negative in 12(20%), Chi-square- χ2 for patients and control was ( 13.82 , 15.75 ) respectively.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that nPCR assay in blood has advantage in detection of recent and active toxoplasmosis.
Effects of feeding tyrosine or phenylalanine on the accumulation of polyphenols in Coleus Blumei in Vivo and in Vitro .
Authors: Musbah Hala M. , Ibrahim Kadhim M. , Ibrahim Kadhim
Published: November 2021

Background: Polyphenols are considered an important compound with a wide range of medical activities. Several plant families are rich with phenolics. Attempts have been carried out to increase them at the intact and cellular levels.

Objective: The current study aimed to increase the production of polyphenols in Coleus blumei plant using two precursors at the whole and tissue culture levels.

Materials and methods: Two precursors namely Tyrosine and phenylalanine at the concentrations 0.20 , 0.25 or 0.30 g.l-1  were added either by spraying on the vegetative parts or supplemented to the tissue culture medium. Total phenols were estimated in the whole plant and compared with the total phenolic content in callus tissues. They were estimated by Folin-ciocalteu and spectrophotometric methods. Induction and maintenance of Coleus callus cultures were carried out on Gamborg medium (B5) for 21 days supplemented with the growth regulators 2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2-4-D) at 0.8 mg.l-1 , 2 mg.l-1 Benzyl adenine (BA) and 0.5 mg.l-1 Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Stem explants were used as a source for callus induction.

Results: Results showed a significant increase in both fresh and dry weights of the fresh compared with control of intact plants in vivo after treatment with the two precursors. The fresh weight of shoots increased up to 15.9 g at 0.30 g.l-1 of Tyrosine treatment compared with the control which recorded 11.05 g. while the fresh weight of the shoots recorded 13.470 g at 0.30 g.l-1 after treatment with phenylalanine compared with the control which recorded 11.05 g. The dry weight of the shoots increased as well up to 3.127 g at 0.30 g.l-1 of Tyrosine treatment compared with control 1.837 g while the dry weight of shoot recorded 2.880 g at 0.30 g.l-1 phenylalanine treatment compared with the control 1.837g. Despite the slight increase in both root fresh and dry weights at 0.30 g.l-1 due to the treatment with Tyrosine or phenylalanine ,such increments were not significantly different with control. Total poly phenols in callus cultures accumulated more compared with mother plants after treatment with precursors. Phenols were also measured in both callus tissue and liquid medium then compared with the whole plant and control treatment. The highest value was recorded in callus cultures supplied with Tyrosine recording 348.36 µg.l-1 at 0.20 g.l-1 of  Tyrosine while phenylalanine treatment recorded the highest weight 293.98 µg.l-1 when applied at 0.30 g.l-1 in both liquid medium and callus tissues. The intact plants however recorded the highest mean in total phenols in plants grown in vivo with mean values 68.58, 66.53 µg.l-1 for Tyrosine and phenylalanine respectively.

Conclusion: It is concluded that both precursors are good candidates for increasing total phenols in Coleus blumei. Plant tissue culture techniques can be utilized commercially for this purpose.
Phenotypic and genotypic detection of microcin produced by some Enterobacteraceae
Authors: Jwad Sahar M. , Kadhum Hanan F.
Published: November 2021

Back ground: Microcins are ribosomal synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced principally by bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family that are active against other bacteria, either in the same species (narrow spectrum), or across genera (broad spectrum) that share the same ecological niche.

Objective: The ability of the Enterobacteriaceae to produce microsines.

Materials and methods: One hundred  urine samples have  been collected from patients suffering from UTI whom admitted to Al Hakim Hospital in AL-Najaf City during the period from 17October 2017 to 13 February 2018.

Results: The results of PCR technique for amplification show that all isolates were possess mic N by appearance of amplicon with molecular weight 938 bp while 46 (76%) isolates were possess mic N1and 24 (40%) isolates were possess mic N2 gene by appearance of amplicon with molecular weight 368 bp and 167 bp respectively.Cross-streak activity assay was used to detect the selected strains with antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria.

Conclusion: some isolates have one or more gene microcin encoded of , however, microcin N is present in all isolates.
Phytochemistry and biological activity of Prosopis fracta
Authors: Dheeb Batol  I. , Hashim Sumayah S. , Hameed Rawad Kh. , Hasan Shilan W.
Published: November 2021

Background: Prosopis fracta is a valuable and useful medicinal plant for the purpose of extracting flavonoids and it is one of the most important plants with medicinal properties. Prosopis fracta is found in many southern regions of Iran.

Objective: the aim of this review Phytochemistry and biological activity of Prosopis fracta.

Material and Methods: Initially, the powder was degreased by hexane and then after completion of the extraction process, we obtained a rotary solvent removal and the rest of the extract was frozen for retention, then it stored at -23°C. The freeze-dried samples are dissolved in methanol and permanently filtered through a 0.35 syringe filter.

Results: Prosopis fracta extracts using to treat cancer, which destroying activity via mitochondrial changes, as showed a good example for increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, SIRT3 activity and cell death in HT-29 related to the intestines and rectum cancer cells.

Conclusion: Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies provide valuable insight into understanding media. Sometimes the idea of the route responsible for the activity of these phytochemicals against oxidizing compounds that act as a source of harmful chemical to the body is removal from service of protein and loss of function.
Gas chromatography-mass- spectroscopy analysis of bioactive compounds from Streptomyces spp. isolated from Tigris river sediments in Baghdad city
Authors: Al-rubaye Talib S. , Risan Mohsen H. , Al-rubaye Dalal
Published: November 2021

Background:The Streptomyces are considered the most important bacterial source for bioactive compounds production including natural antibiotics.

Objective: This study focused on analysis of these products to characterize the most active substances which may contain new antibiotics.

Materials and methods: Samples with the highest antibacterial activities (21, M5, N- and D-) were chosen from a previous study after secondary screening for the intracellular (biomass) extract which showed more antagonism efficiency than that observed in extracellular crude extract.Gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was preformed to detect the structure of the compounds in intracellular crude extracts in these isolates.

Results: The GC-MS analysis showed a total of 49 peaks observed in 4 isolates, isolate M5=14 peaks, isolate D=11peaks, isolate N= 20 peaks and isolate 21= 4peaks. Isolate D-, which showed the highest zone of inhibition in secondary screening than that in other isolates, is associated with the most prevalence active compounds like the Decane derivatives, in addition to Triadimenol; Azetidine, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-methyl; Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, 2-ethylhexyl ester and 3,3,7,7-Tetramethyl-1,5-diazabicyclo(3.3.0)octane. While isolate 21, has less peaks in comparing with the other samples, with great occurrence in components: 1-Dimethylaminohexane with molecular formula C8H19N and molecular weight 129 and Propamocarb with molecular formula C9H20N2O2 and molecular weight 188, in addition to many volatile organic compounds. The greatest components of isolate M5 were Triadimenol and 3,3,7,7-Tetramethyl-1,5-diazabicyclo(3.3.0)octane, in addition to the presence of Decane derivatives; amine compounds and Vitamin E. Isolate N- showed a great occurrence with components Triadimenol and Azetidine, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-methyl-with a molecular formula C8H17N and with a molecular weight 127; also the presence of an important component Hexanoic acid, 2-methyl- with the molecular formula C7H14O2 and with molecular weight 103 which has been considered as an essential component of muramycin antibiotic; compounds which contain  Benzene ring.

Conclusion: The most prominent compounds detected in the selected isolates by using GC-MS technique were Decane derivatives and Triadimenol.
Molecular screening of the entA gene of Enterococcus faecium isolated from Food and clinical sources
Authors: Atiyah Andalus Sabah , ALKhafaji Marwa H.
Published: November 2021

Background: The microbial production of substances that have the potency to suppress the growth of other microorganisms is probably one of the prevalent defense strategy developed in nature, microorganisms produce a variable bunch of microbial defense systems, which include antibiotics, metabolic by-products, lytic agents, bacteriocins and others.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to isolate and identify Enterococcus faecium isolates then detecting its ability of carrying the gene responsible for enterocin production in this species. Materials and methods: Out of 50 samples from different sources (food and clinical sources) were collected for the Enterococcus faecium isolation, and the isolated bacteria Enterococcus faecium (37) isolates were detected for their harboring of Enterocin A gene (entA), using conventional PCR technique.

Results: The identification revealed that 37(74%) isolates were considered as Enterococcus faecium, 20 isolates (54.05%) out of food samples (10 samples were collected from dairies, 7 from vegetables and 3 from fish samples), and 17 isolates 45.9% out of clinical samples (11 from stool and 6 from urine source). Genotypic Detection done by the amplification of the enterocin coding gene (ent A),  and the results revealed that all the isolates were harboring that gene despite of the phonotypical differences, that they amplified entA gene and the PCR product size (362 bp) was detected using agarose gel electrophoresis.

Conclusions: This study indicates the presence of Enterococcus spp. in food and clinical sources and the ability of these bacteria to produce antibacterial substances which is active against closely related clinical isolates.
Food-borne Viruses Common Areview of the
Authors: Hussein Alyaa Razooqi , Najim Shaymaa S.
Published: November 2021

Food is fundamental for the survival of all living forms. Sometimes, food gets contaminated by different types of microbes, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminthes, at any stage of food chain. Foodborne pathogens can cause life threatening infections especially in children, elderly immune compromised individuals, and pregnant women. In current years, many viruses have been defined known as main sources of foodborne diseases. Among these, Hepatitis A, HepatitisE, Rotaviruses etc.The aim of the study was to investigate on common food borne viruses, foods that transmitted them, symptoms that appear on infected people & protection methods.

Viruses are transmitted via food, water, inanimate objects and person-to-person contact.The significance of foodborne viruses is progressively more documented as causes of infection in humans. People usually acquire infection orally, after swallowing of polluted foods throughout processing, handling or preparation. Each type of foodborne viruses initiated from the personal gut, and pollution of food happens either by an infected food handler throughout preparation or by contact with sewage or contaminated water. Numerous outbreakes of foodborne viral disease are related with the pollution of ready for consumption foods via the infection of food handlers.
HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN INDONESIA, THE DIALECTIC OF POVERTY AND CORRUPTION
Authors: Ariadne Evie , Pratamawaty Benazir Bona , Limilia Putri
Published: November 2021

After thirteen years of Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons implemented, it still unable to release Indonesia from cases of trafficking in persons. Indonesia, is not only as primarily a source country in the trafficking process, but it is also used as a destination and transit country. And which is very terrible, all provinces (34 provinces) in Indonesia are the origin and destination of trafficking in persons and the victims are mostly experienced by women and children. The most common forms of trafficking are for forced labour and sexual exploitation as women, children and men are moved domestically and across international borders. They are exploited in the sectors of the fishing and fish processing industry, construction; plantation, oil palm plantation, mining and manufacturing. The poverty factor is considered to be the main trigger for prospective Indonesian workers. Another thing is because of natural disasters which are also vulnerable to human trafficking. In addition, endemic corruption among government officials contributes to the vulnerability of trafficking in persons, especially in the travel, hotel and labour recruitment industries. The phenomenon of globalization is one of the factors in the spread of contemporary (modern) issues, which affected to human trafficking. Advances information technology, are opportunities for the expansion of crime networks, both national and transnational (across borders). The borderless world maks cross-cultural social integration, people move around freely without any obstacles, causes various modes of crime to emerge, such as human trafficking.
THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS TO THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT PUBLIC SERVICES AT THE BORDER REGION
Authors: Arifin Arifin , Rupita Rupita
Published: November 2021

One of the fundamental problems in the border area of Sanggau Regency is the infrastructure of roads and bridges. Those problems become more complex due to various aspects that affect the governmental institutions are the community, environment, and other aspects. The above problems will produce some implication to many fields such as society, culture, economic, defence and security. The implications are not only local but also national. Based on the problems, the research aims is to describe and analyze the complexity of public basic services for roads and bridges by point of view of the external aspects of an organization. The results of the study show that the main factors in which the public basic services are not optimal are the unfavourable local and socio-economic conditions of the community. The cost needed in basic public services is high enough because of the landscape range. It is exacerbated by the socio-economic constraints of the community which indirectly can hamper the process of running the public services provided. In overcoming of the two problems, the strategic effort that needed is better coordination amongst the organizations in the area. For example, The public works Services (Dinas Pekerjaan Umum) must be coordinated to the other government organization in implementing some programs.
A SHIFTIN TRADITIONAL WISDOM OF SEMENDE TRIBE IN PULAU PANGGUNG TANGGAMUS
Authors: Mulyaningsih Handi , Kartika Tina , Hertanto Hertanto , Darmastuti Ari
Published: November 2021

The traditional wisdom of tunggu tubang has shifted  due to economic needs, lack of agricultural land, job mobility, marriage with other than Semende tribe, which impacts the rights fulfilling and obligations of tunggu tubang. However, this shift has been  responded to by innovations so that this traditional wisdom persisted. This research  is to describe innovations in maintaining the traditional wisdom. This research uses descriptive quantitative method with 40 randomly chosen respondents. Data were taken from interviews using a questionnaire, and  interviews with key informants. The data were analyzed quantitatively with frequency tables, given the meaning with the structural functional approach of Talcott Parson, that traditional wisdom still functions when able to adapt,  goal attainment, integration, latent maintenance. The results showed:  92.5% tunggu tubang to get rights to houses, gardens, fields and carrying out their obligations, but 7.5% without these rights (tepang bangkang) so they cannot carry out their obligations, namely occupying an inheritance house, taking care of their parents and their younger siblings. Tunggu tubang property sold out.This violation is tolerated because of economic necessity. But tepang bangkang still the decision maker in the family and  can give the right for the next tunggu tubang. If tunggu tubang married to someone other than Semende tribe, her husband follows it.If working outside the city, rights are still given while obligations are carried out indirectly. This adaptation makes the  traditional wisdom survive, be the goal of life, carries out the function of integration, but the function of pattern maintenance is getting weaker.
STRENGTHENING CHARACTER EDUCATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL WITH INTERNATIONAL CURRICULUM (A Case Study at Bestari Utami Elementary School, Garut)
Authors: Susanti Santi , Sukaesih Sukaesih
Published: November 2021

Character education is necessary given to children from an early age, to manage their emotions and become individuals who have positive behavior for themselves and their surrounding environment in the future. The implication of good character education will make children do things consciously, committed, and competent, and grow into social beings who help each other, civilized and polite. This research aims to reveal the strengthening of character education for students at Bestari Utami elementary school in Garut. This school applies an entrepreneurial curriculum with international school learning methods, but still concerning character education to students based on the local cultural wisdom of Sundanese. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The primary data obtained through in-depth interviews with school managers and observations of learning activities at SD Bestari Utami. Secondary data obtained through literature and document reviews relevant to the research. Data analysis using interactive data analysis models from Miles and Huberman. The results showed that character education at SD Bestari Utami refers to equality and unity as a fundamental concept of school education. Children deserve to get quality education regardless of their ethnic, religion, and economic background. Strengthening character values based on Pancasila that comprises religious values, nationalism, independence, integrity, and cooperation are embodied through cultural arts lessons that are included in the school curriculum, as well as implementing learning that motivates children to be independent and able to work together with their friends. This study concludes that character education will be effective and give an impact if applied to students and school managers.