bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF COOPERATION IN THE INNOVATION ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES: THE CASE OF POLISH REGIONS
Authors: LUBACHA Judyta
Published: February 2021

Innovations are seen as an important factor of regional growth, but what influences the innovation activity of enterprises? In the regional innovation system, the set of actors interacting with each other is surrounded with a specific socio-economic environment. In the present research, the following economic and social features in a region – human capital, social capital, the level of economic development, and the existence of FDI – are analysed as possible factors of the innovation activity undertaken by enterprises. Two types of innovation activity are analysed: in-house R&D and the acquisition of machinery, software and equipment. The analysis was conducted for the years: 2004-2006, 2006-2008, 2008-2010, 2010-2012, 2012-2014, and the 16 Polish NUTS-2 regions. Based on the results of econometric panel models, innovation cooperation was found to be significant and positively related with both types of innovation activity. Moreover, public financial support and the level of foreign capital involvement were found positively related with the in-house R&D activity.
Os benefícios da mobilização precoce em crianças internadas em unidade de terapia intensiva: uma revisão integrativa de Literatura (ril)
Authors:   Wesley Anderson de Souza Miranda, Denilson Silva Veras, Douglas Silva Ataide, Anne Beatriz Moreira da Silva, Aulisângela da Silva Queiroz, Isaac Figueira de Aquino, Rodrigo Silva de Lima and Tammylis Rebouças Monteiro
Published: February 2021

Introdução: A mobilização precoce em crianças tem sido uma medida necessária para diminuir perdas funcionais sofridas durante a internação. Embora seja comum em adultos, mobilizar uma criança envolve estratégias diferenciadas, podendo ser este um dos motivos pelo qual sua prática é pouco desempenhada.Objetivo: Descrever os benefícios da mobilização precoce em pacientes pediátricos internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI).Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura (RIL), descritivo e explicativo realizado por meio de busca nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMed e PEDro, relacionando os estudos que se enquadraram nos critérios de elegibilidade no período de 2010 a 2020. Resultados: As pesquisas demonstraram que as crianças mobilizadas tinham em média 1 a 18 anos e as atividades foram jogos de realidade virtual, cicloergômetro, deambulação e demais exercícios com foco na redução da imobilidade. Resultando em ganhos para membros superiores e inferiores, redução do período de ventilação mecânica e menor permanência na UTI. Conclusão: Por mais que seja desafiadora, é importante realizá-la pois sua prática se mostrou viável, segura e eficaz no prognóstico da criança. Isso só será possível com métodos individualizados e intervenções que atraiam o interesse da mesma. A elaboração e utilização de protocolos se torna cada vez mais necessária para que seja possível intervir de forma efetiva durante os exercícios.
Keupayaan Pengurusan Intelektualisme Kanak-kanak dalam kekuasaan animasi Upin dan Ipin
Authors: Mohd Shuhaini Norsaliza , Saludin Mohd Rosli , Wahid Azhar
Published: February 2021

Kemajuan pembangunan teknologi dan perisian yang memberangsangkan dalam evolusi animasi tempatan menular seiring dengan proses perkembangan intelektualisme kanak-kanak. Kekaguman dan ketinggian intelektualisme yang terkandung di dalamnya mempamerkan kerelevanannya dalam keupayaannya mengendalikan intelek kanak-kanak melalui pengalaman yang berbeza kualitinya berbanding kanak-kanak terdahulu. Objektif kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk menganalisis pengurusan intelektualisme kanak-kanak melalui penampilan lucu watak animasi kartun tempatan, iaitu Upin dan Ipin (UI) berdasarkan kekuasaannya terhadap kanak-kanak. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan Teori Hegemoni berlandaskan Prinsip Kepimpinan yang diutarakan dalam Pendekatan Pengurusan untuk diaplikasikan dalam memantapkan lagi kajian yang dijalankan. Pemaparan UI yang digarap berlatarbelakangkan masyarakat berbilang kaum di Malaysia memperlihatkan keupayaan pengurusan intelektualisme kanak-kanak melalui saluran hiburan animasi kartun. UI dilihat mempamerkan keupayaan memimpin kanak-kanak melalui keintelektualan watak di dalamnya berdasarkan penguasaan tanpa sengaja dan tiada paksaan. Hasil daripada kajian ini menjelaskan beberapa penemuan dapatan telah diperolehi. Kejayaan dalam pemerolehan dapatan sudah cukup untuk membuktikan eleman keintelektualan yang ditampilkan oleh watak dalam animasi ini amat signifikan untuk memperjelaskan keupayaan pengurusan intelektualisme. Kekuasaan UI ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh kanak-kanak dalam persekitaran kehidupan seharian.
Pedagógusképzők az európai szakértői tanácskozások és tanulmányok tükrében
Authors: Falus Iván
Published: February 2021

A tanulmány áttekinti az Európai Bizottság által az elmúlt öt évben a pedagógusképzés témakörében szervezett konferenciákat és közzétett dokumentumokat. A kiinduló lépést ezen a területen egy szakértői tapasztalatcsere (Peer Learning Avtivity) jelentette, amelyet 2010- ben tartottak Reykjavikban „Az európai tanárképzők szakmaisága” címmel. Ezt követte a Nevelés 2: „A tanárképzők politikai támogatása.” című Tapasztalatcsere Konferencia 2012 márciusában Brüsszelben. Ezen a konferencián Európa 26 államából 149 szakértő vett részt. A következő esztendőben, az ír elnökség idején került megrendezésre az EU Elnökségi Konferencia „Integráció, innováció és fejlesztés – a tanárképzők szakmai identitása” címmel Dublinban. Végezetül ismertetésre kerül a „A tanárképzők támogatása a jobb tanulási eredmények érdekében” című dokumentum, amelyben az Európai Bizottság szakértői csoportja összegezte a fontosabb következtetéseket.
Tanárok érzelmei - nemzetközi trendek, hazai helyzetkép az affektív paradigma fényében
Authors: Mesterházy Mária
Published: February 2021

Jelen tanulmányban a tanárok érzelmeivel foglalkozó nemzetközi kutatási trendek bemutatására és a 2003–2016 között megjelent magyar publikációk tanári érzelmekre vonatkozó értelmezéseinek áttekintésére vállalkozunk. A kutatás célja, hogy számba vegye az eredményeket és a hiányokat, felhívja a figyelmet a terület fontosságára, és ezáltal további kutatásokat ösztönözzön. Nemzetközi áttekintő tanulmányokra támaszkodva felvázolom a tanári érzelmekre irányuló vizsgálatok kialakulásának okait, fontosabb témaköreit, a konceptualizáció problémáit és néhány modellt. A magyar szakirodalom vizsgálatakor az érzelmek, az érzelmi képességek és az érzelmekkel kapcsolatos nézetek hazai jelenlétét vizsgálom a pedagógus-, illetve osztálytermi kutatások egyes területein.
A finn tanárképzési rendszer
Authors: Szabó Tamás Péter , Käarkkäinen Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

A finn tanárképzés autonóm, folyamatosan megújuló rendszere kutatásra és kísérletezésre épül, és összhangban áll a megreformált nemzeti alaptantervvel, amely jelenségközpontú és multidiszciplináris oktatást, valamint sokrétű értékelést szorgalmaz. A jelen országtanulmány alapvető információkon kívül jó gyakorlatokat is ismertet. Ezek elsősorban a jyväskyläi tanárképzésből származnak, mivel a szerzők ennek keretében dolgoznak.
Portrait sociolinguistique de travailleurs étrangers temporaires agricoles au Québec : entre barrières et besoins
Authors: Collin Simon , Calonne Olivier , Charpentier Gisèle
Published: February 2021

L’augmentation du nombre de travailleurs étrangers temporaires (TÉT) constitue une tendance marquante des migrations contemporaines. Dans nombre de travaux, les problématiques linguistiques reviennent en filigrane en ceci qu'elles affectent l’expérience migratoire des TÉT. Pourtant, leur situation sociolinguistique n'a pas été étudiée en tant qu’objet. À partir d'un questionnaire et d'entrevues de groupe auprès de 24 TÉT dans une ferme québécoise, cette recherche a pour objectif de mieux comprendre la situation sociolinguistique des TÉT lors de leur séjour au Québec. Les participants rapportent un niveau linguistique limité en espagnol écrit, en anglais et en français. Ils ont peu d’occasions de parler une autre langue que l’espagnol dans leur quotidien. Cette situation s’explique en partie par le rôle ambigu joué par la société hôte. Les participants vivent une situation sociolinguistique caractérisée par des barrières communicationnelles, situation qui hypothèque largement leurs possibilités d'appropriation linguistique du français. Pour finir, quelques résultats esquissent des pistes d'intervention didactique qui permettraient aux TÉT d’avoir accès des cours de français adaptés à leurs besoins sociolinguistiques.
The Impact of CEFR-Related Professional Learning on Second-Language Teachers’ Classroom Practice: The Case of French in Canada
Authors: Rehner Katherine , Lasan Ivan , Popovich Anne , Palta Zehra
Published: February 2021

This study explores the impact of professional learning about the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEFR) on second language (L2) teachers’ classroom practice. Ninety self-selected French as a second language (FSL) teachers across Canada responded to an online survey about their planning, teaching, and assessment/evaluation practices before versus after their professional learning. The results revealed that the impact of such professional learning is wide-reaching and remarkably consistent across all three areas of practice. The teachers reported that their professional learning spurred them to start presenting language through speech acts and based on students’ needs, to emphasize not only linguistic but sociolinguistic and pragmatic competence as well, and to focus more intently on students’ ability to communicate in the L2. The teachers also reported that they increased the use of authentic materials and developed communicative and action-oriented tasks that simulate real-life situations. The findings suggest that CEFR-related professional learning may be used successfully to inspire L2 teachers to implement CEFR-informed classroom practices.
French-Medium Instruction in Anglophone Canadian Higher Education: The Plurilingual Complexity of Students and Their Instructors
Authors: Marshall Steve , Moore Danièle , Himeta Mariko
Published: February 2021

In this article, we analyze the plurilingualism of instructors and their students in a program taught through the medium of French at a multilingual, Anglophone university in Western Canada. We employ the lenses of plurilingualism and plurilingual competence in the analysis of data from a one-year qualitative study of plurilingualism across the disciplines at the university. We analyze interview data and students’ writing samples, focusing on how French and other languages are used by instructors and students in classes, and on the professional dilemma that instructors face in such courses: are they disciplinary experts and/or French immersion teachers? In our discussion, we suggest that instructors’ and students’ classroom practices are the result of several factors, including institutional discourses around plurilingualism and the French language, personal beliefs and ideologies, experiences of mobility from France and Quebec to British Columbia (instructors), and normative practices previously experienced in French immersion schools (students).
Tests of wooden columns’ support nodes with the in rods obliquely glued into the end surface
Authors:   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction, Turkovskiy Stanislav , Pogoreltsev Alexander ,   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction, Stoyanov Vladimir ,   LTD «CNIPS LDK»
Published: February 2021

Испытаны на сдвиг шарнирные и жесткие узлы крепления деревянных элементов торцами к основанию. Исследованы фрагменты с V-образными анкерами, вклеенными в торец. Испытана на изгиб консоль с защемлением. Оно выполнено вклеенными по краям торца наклонными стержнями, образующими с основанием жесткий контур. Конструкции с жесткими узлами применены в ряде сооружений. Подтверждена высокая прочность узла на сдвиг.
Proven methods of monitoring in buildings and structures
Authors:   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction, NRU MGSU, Farfel Mikhail , Gukova Margarita ,   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction, Kondrashov Dmitry ,   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction, Konyashin Dmitry ,   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction
Published: February 2021

Представлена методика проведения мониторинга технического состояния конструкций, проводимого на двух уникальных объектах в Москве – покрытия Большой спортивной арены в «Лужниках» и распорной системы котлована строящейся гостиницы у Курского вокзала. Уникальные здания и сооружения, в том числе высотные и большепролетные, подлежат мониторингу технического состояния для обеспечения безопасного их функционирования. Мониторинг используется для отслеживания степени, скорости и своевременного обнаружения на ранней стадии негативного изменения напряженно-деформированного состояния несущих конструкций зданий и сооружений, а также принятия, в случае необходимости, экстренных мер по предотвращению катастроф, связанных с их обрушением. Для безопасной эксплуатации конструкций система мониторинга должна функционировать в течение всего срока эксплуатации.
Methods of scientific knowledge
Authors:   JSC Research Center of Construction, Nikitin Valeriy
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена рассмотрению базовых методов научного познания, в вооружении науки которыми решающую роль сыграла философия. Предлагаемая классификация методов позволяет правильно их использовать в научных исследованиях. Также раскрываются содержание и особенности применения этих методов на практике.
Development of elements of the filling openings in fire barriers
Authors:   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction, Krivtsov Yury , Nosov Evgeny ,   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction
Published: February 2021

Представлен обзор разработанных и изготавливаемых элементов заполнения проемов в противопожарных преградах - дверей, люков, ворот, штор, остекленных окон и перегородок. Приведены критерии, используемые при проектировании. Дано краткое описание конструкции дверей технических, служебных и офисных помещений, эвакуационных выходов, жилого фонда (в том числе входные двери в квартиры), объектов специального назначения. Рассмотрены особенности конструкции, позволяющие обеспечить выполнение эксплуатационных требований к изделиям в части их сейсмостойкости, взрывобезопасности, герметичности, стойкости к действию воздушной ударной волны, к взлому, к действию дезактивирующих растворов. Приведена сводная таблица всей номенклатуры элементов заполнения проемов в противопожарных преградах, производимых НПО «Ассоциация Крилак», с указанием основных эксплуатационных параметров и назначения изделия.
Development of a methodology for the risk analysis of progressive collapse
Authors:   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction, Vedyakov Ivan , Solovyev Dmitriy ,   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction
Published: February 2021

Известные нормативные подходы к проектированию не позволяют учитывать вклад превентивных проектных мероприятий и проектных решений в надежность конструкции. В определенных случаях оценка риска может рассматриваться как подтверждение достаточности инженерных решений, примененных в проекте с целью защиты от прогрессирующего обрушения. В отечественной и зарубежной нормативной базе имеется ряд нормативных документов, устанавливающих правила расчета надежности технических объектов, требования к методикам, порядок представления результатов и определяющих принципиальные подходы к анализу видов, последствий и критичности отказов технических объектов. С целью формирования законченной и развитой системы нормативных документов следует разработать и внедрить нормативную методику оценки риска отказа строительных конструкций, в том числе при особых воздействиях. В статье рассмотрена бальная система определения риска отказа конструкции,учитывающая особенности различных конструктивных схем зданий, возможность возникновения ряда негативных событий.
Assessment of the impact of situational uncertainty factors in the project management plane
Authors:   Polar Transport Branch of Norilsk Nickel, Poleshchuk Sergey , Laktionov Vadim ,   Polar Transport Branch of Norilsk Nickel
Published: February 2021

Рассмотрено влияние ситуационной характеристики на реализацию проекта капитального строительства. Анализируются варианты оптимального управления строительством.
The effect of grinding the loaded surface on the strength of masonry wall ceramic products in compression
Authors:   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction, Ponomarev Oleg , Mukhin Mikhail ,   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction, Vetkov Anton ,   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction, Ivanova Aleksandra ,   MGSU
Published: February 2021

Целью исследования является определение наиболее эффективных методов испытаний керамических кладочных изделий на сжатие. Необходимо уточнение методики испытаний пустотных керамических кладочных изделий,изготовленных методом пластического формования, имеющих на нагружаемой (опорной) поверхности каверны, наплывы, пустоты. Требуется сопоставить полученные результаты с данными зарубежных стандартов и рекомендовать использовать полученные результаты в отечественных стандартах в целях их гармонизации с европейскими стандартами. Исследуются методы испытания на сжатие керамического кирпича пластического формирования при трех типах подготовки нагружаемых поверхностей, используемых в действующем стандарте ГОСТ 8462. Получены статистические данные о прочности кирпича, при испытаниях с использованием прокладок между прессом и поверхностью кирпича из технического войлока, с предварительным шлифованием опорных поверхностей, а также с использованием подливки цементным раствором. На основании полученных результатов даются рекомендации по испытаниям с учетом международного опыта.
АРХЕОЛОГИЯ ФАНИНИНГ САРДОРИ
Authors:   НИЗОМИЙ НОМЛИ TОШКЕНТ ДАВЛАТ ПЕДАГОГИКА УНИВЕРСИТЕТИНИНГ ПРОФЕССОРИ, ТАРИХ ФАНЛАРИ ДОКТОРИ ХАЛҚАРО ЭКОЛОГИЯ, TАБИАТ ВА ИНСОН ХАВФСИЗЛИГИ АКАДЕМИЯСИНИНГ АКАДЕМИГИ, ХОЛИҚОВ ЭШҚОБИЛ
Published: February 2021

Абдулаҳад аканинг гапларига қараганда у кишининг оиласи – ўзбек халқининг катта оилаларидан бири бўлиб, бир оилада ўндан ортиқ ўғил-қиз (кўпроғи ўғиллар) тарбияланиб вояга етганлар. Унинг бузруквори – отаси катта касб эгаси бинокор бўлган. Абдулаҳад ака оиланинг катта фарзанди бўлган эканлар. Домла Тошкент шаҳрининг чеккасидаги ўрта мактабни битириб (ҳозирги Бектемир туман территориясида) 1946-1951 йилларда Ўрта Осиё Университетининг Шарқ факультетида таҳсил олган. Маълум вақтларда мактабларда ишлаб, 1952-1955 йиллардан Ўзбекистон ФА Шарқшунослик институтининг аспирантурасида ўқиган. Домла 1955 йилда “Характеристика некоторых писменных истории по возникновениям Бухары с Россией (20-50 гг ХIХ в)” мавзусидаги номзодлик диссертациясини ёқлаб, Ўзбекистон Республикасининг тарих ва археология институтида, кичик ходим, катта ходим, бўлим мудри лавозимларида фаолият кўрсатди.
Evolución de los intereses y hábitos de consumo televisivo de la audiencia española
Authors: Saavedra Llamas Marta , Gago Gelado Rocío , Grijalba de la Calle Nicolás , Tavárez Pérez Andy Damián
Published: February 2021

Atendiendo a los datos de consumo, los intereses televisivos de la audiencia española, en lo que a contenidos se refiere, no parecen haber cambiado de forma drástica en los más de setenta años de historia de televisión en España. La televisión – la generalista en abierto y ahora las plataformas OTT – se ve condicionada por los hábitos de consumo de su audiencia pero, al mismo tiempo, es capaz de marcar la propia identidad de los espectadores con los contenidos que produce y ofrece. La programación televisiva ha sabido adaptarse a cada contexto histórico-social, especialmente cuando se produjo la irrupción de las cadenas privadas, con la apuesta por nuevos formatos y géneros televisivos. Para comprobar este escenario, y validar precisamente estos modelos de consumo, se ha realizado una investigación ad hoc estructurada en siete focus groups coincidentes con las franjas de edad del Estudio General de Medios. Los resultados muestran, según las distintas edades, cómo se consume hoy el contenido televisivo, cuáles son las conductas del espectador viendo la televisión y cuáles son los formatos y géneros más demandados.
La letra de la canción como objeto de estudio: el caso del tango canción
Authors: Dalbosco Dulce María
Published: February 2021

El estudio de la letra de las canciones no está exento de polémicas. El creciente interés por el análisis de la música popular y la revuelta multidisciplinaria (González 2013) de las últimas décadas redundaron en el cuestionamiento de los abordajes tradicionales, que en general consistían en concentrarse en uno de los tres aspectos principales implicados en el complejo proceso que constituye la canción: el texto verbal, la música, la performance. En la actualidad se promueven los estudios interdisciplinarios, que tengan en cuenta la pluritextualidad inherente a la canción (Frith 2014; González 2001, 2013; M. Romano 1991). Mantener una mirada holística y, al mismo tiempo, penetrante es un desafío para el investigador que estudia la música popular desde cualquier área. Dado este contexto, el propósito de este artículo es esbozar el estatuto genérico de la letra del tango canción. Para ello nos ocuparemos, primero, de la constitución de la canción popular y, particularmente, de sus textos verbales. Luego nos centraremos en la letra de tango; debatiremos ciertos aspectos complejos implicados en su delimitación y la definiremos como un espacio de confluencia de distintas tensiones.
EVALUASI PROGRAM PEMBINAAN PRESTASI BELA DIRI SHOTO-KAI KABUPATEN NAGEKEO
Authors: Wani Barnabas
Published: February 2021

Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Untuk mengevaluasi bagaimana konteks prestasi bela diri shotokai kabupaten Nagekeo, 2) Untuk mengevaluasi bagaimana input yang meliputi sumber daya manusia, kualitas dan ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana, Sumber dana pembinaan prestasi  bela diri shotokai kabupaten Nagekeo, 3) Untuk mengevaluasi bagaimana proses program pembinaan olahraga bela diri sotokai kabupaten Nagekeo, 4) Untuk mengevaluasi bagaimana hasil pembinaan olahraga bela diri shotokai kabupaten Nagekeo.Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan triangulasi data. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah 1) context yang meliputi visi, misi, tujuan pembinaan sotokai kabupaten Nagekeo dikatakan baik karena mempunyai semuanya dari aspek yang ada 2) Input  yang meliputi sumber daya manusia, sarana prasana dan dana. Pelatih yang ada pada sotokai kabupaten Nagekeo  mempunyai standar yang baik karena pelatih memiliki lisensi pelatih tingkat nasional serta mempunyai atlet, sarana prasarana yang masih sangat kurang sehingga mempengaruhi tingkat prestasi dari atlet shotokai Nagekeo. Dana bersumber dari dukungan pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Nagekeo. 3) Proses yang meliputi pelaksanan program dan koordinasi, pelaksanaan program latihan pada cabang olahraga shotokai Nagekeo baik karena mempunyai program latihan yang baik, koordinasi antara pemerintah, pelatih dan atlet berjalan baik.  4) product, prestasi atlet sotokai kurang dan menurun ditandai dengan perolehan medali pada setiap kejuaran. Kesimpulannya bahwa dilihat dari aspek contex, input, proses dan product semuanya belum pada standar yang baik selayaknya pada pembinaan olahraga prestasi pada umumnya
PROGRAM KULIAH DALAM JARINGAN: PARADIGMA, FLATFORM DAN PROSES
Authors: Oka Gde Putu Arya
Published: February 2021

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian desain dan pengembangan atau Design and Development Research (DDR). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendesain, mengembangkan sekaligus mengukur ketuntasan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan mata kuliah Pendidikan TIK, Aplikasi Komputer Matematika, Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan, Pengembangan Media Matematika dan Pengembangan Media IPA yang disampaikan dalam jaringan pada semester Genap 2019-2020. Metodologi pengembangan menggunakan DDR, khususnya kategori ke 2 yakni Product Development Research Project. Tahapan penelitian DDR adalah Design, Development, Implementation dan Evaluation. Populasi dan sampel adalah peserta kuliah online. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan adalah data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis data deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif. Prosedur penelitian melalui beberapa tahap, yaitu; (1) identifikasi masalah desain dan pengembangan dikaitkan dengan permasalahan yang ada, (2) menggunakan literatur dan data empiris untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendefinikan kembali masalah sebelumnya, (3) mendeskripsikan metode dan strategi. Dalam tahap ini terdiri dari front end analysis, Design, Development, formatif evaluation dan Revision, (4) seleksi partisipan, (5) pengumpulan data, dan (6) memaknai hasil temuan penelitian (MIT 598). Adapun hasil penelitian pengembangan dari program yang telah dikembangkan dan diuji coba dalam semester Ganjil 2019/2020 selama satu semester menujukkan bahwa mahasiswa menerima dengan kualifikasi “Baik” program pembelajaran dalam jaringan pada aspek isi/objek pembelajaran daring, desain pembelajaran yang digunakan dan penilaian kegiatan pembelajaran. Namun pada aspek strategi yang digunakan dalam program kuliah dalam jaringan persepsi mahasiswa menerima dalam kualifikasi “cukup”. Dengan demikian penelitian pengembangan ini menunjukkan respon mahasiswa terhadap program kuliah yang dikembangkan menerima dengan kualifikasi “Baik dan Cukup”. Dan terhadap kualifikasi cukup akan menjadi bahan kajian yang komprehensif untuk pengembangan dimasa mendatang.
A Survey of Active Galaxies at TeV Photon Energies with the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory
Authors: Albert A. , Alvarez C. , Camacho J. R. Angeles , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Arunbabu K. P. , Rojas D. Avila , Solares H. A. Ayala , Baghmanyan V. , Belmont-Moreno E. , BenZvi S. Y. , Brisbois C. , Caballero-Mora K. S. , Capistrán T. , Carramiñana A. , Casanova S. , Cotti U. , Cotzomi J. , de León S. Coutiño , Fuente E. De la , Dingus B. L. , DuVernois M. A. , Durocher M. , Díaz-Vélez J. C. , Engel K. , Espinoza C. , Fan K. L. , Alonso M. Fernández , Fleischhack H. , Fraija N. , Galván-Gámez A. , García D. , García-González J. A. , Garfias F. , González M. M. , Goodman J. A. , Harding J. P. , Hernández S. , Hona B. , Huang D. , Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F. , Hüntemeyer P. , Iriarte A. , Jardin-Blicq A. , Joshi V. , Kieda D. , Kunde G. J. , Lara A. , Lee W. H. , Vargas H. León , Linnemann J. T. , Longinotti A. L. , Luis-Raya G. , Lundeen J. , Malone K. , Martínez O. , Martinez-Castellanos I. , Martínez-Castro J. , Matthews J. A. , Miranda-Romagnoli P. , Morales-Soto J. A. , Moreno E. , Mostafá M. , Nayerhoda A. , Nellen L. , Newbold M. , Nisa M. U. , Noriega-Papaqui R. , Olivera-Nieto L. , Peisker A. , Pérez-Pérez E. G. , Rho C. D. , Rosa-González D. , Ruiz-Velasco E. , Salazar H. , Greus F. Salesa , Sandoval A. , Schneider M. , Schoorlemmer H. , Smith A. J. , Springer R. W. , Tollefson K. , Torres I. , Torres-Escobedo R. , Ureña-Mena F. , Villaseñor L. , Weisgarber T. , Willox E. , Zepeda A. , Zhou H. , León C. de ,   The HAWC collaboration
Published: February 2021

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory continuously detects TeV photons and particles within its large field of view, accumulating every day a deeper exposure of two-thirds of the sky. We analyzed 1523 days of HAWC live data acquired over four and a half years, in a follow-up analysis of 138 nearby (z < 0.3) active galactic nuclei from the Third Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT sources culminating within 40° of the zenith at Sierra Negra, the HAWC site. This search for persistent TeV emission used a maximum-likelihood analysis assuming intrinsic power-law spectra attenuated by pair production of gamma-ray photons with the extragalactic background light. HAWC clearly detects persistent emission from Mkn 421 and Mkn 501, the two brightest blazars in the TeV sky, at 65σ and 17σ level, respectively. Marginal evidence, just above the 3σ level, was found for three other known very high-energy emitters: the radio galaxy M87 and the BL Lac objects VER J0521+211 and 1ES 1215+303, the latter two at z ∼ 0.1. We find a 4.2σ evidence for collective emission from the set of 30 previously reported very high-energy sources, with Mkn 421 and Mkn 501 excluded. Upper limits are presented for the sample under the power-law assumption and in the predefined (0.5–2.0), (2.0–8.0), and (8.0–32.0) TeV energy intervals.
Rise of the Titans: Gas Excitation and Feedback in a Binary Hyperluminous Dusty Starburst Galaxy at z ∼ 6
Authors: Riechers Dominik A. , Nayyeri Hooshang , Burgarella Denis , Emonts Bjorn H. C. , Clements David L. , Cooray Asantha , Ivison Rob J. , Oliver Seb , Pérez-Fournon Ismael , Rigopoulou Dimitra , Scott Douglas
Published: February 2021

We report new observations toward the hyperluminous dusty starbursting major merger ADFS-27 (z = 5.655), using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We detect CO (J = 2 → 1), CO (J = 8 → 7), CO (J = 9 → 8), CO (J = 10 → 9), and H2O (312 → 221) emission, and a P Cygni−shaped OH+ (11 → 01) absorption/emission feature. We also tentatively detect H2O (321 → 312) and OH+ (12 → 01) emission and CH+ (J = 1 → 0) absorption. We find a total cold molecular mass of M
gas = (2.1 ± 0.2) × 1011 (α
CO/1.0) M
⊙. We also find that the excitation of the star-forming gas is overall moderate for a z > 5 dusty starburst, which is consistent with its moderate dust temperature. A high-density, high kinetic temperature gas component embedded in the gas reservoir is required to fully explain the CO line ladder. This component is likely associated with the “maximum starburst” nuclei in the two merging galaxies, which are separated by only 140 ± 13 km s−1 along the line of sight and 9.0 kpc in projection. The kinematic structure of both components is consistent with galaxy disks, but this interpretation remains limited by the spatial resolution of the current data. The OH+ features are only detected toward the northern component, which is also the one that is more enshrouded in dust and thus remains undetected up to 1.6 μm even in our sensitive new Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 imaging. The absorption component of the OH+ line is blueshifted and peaks near the CO and continuum emission peak, while the emission is redshifted and peaks offset by 1.7 kpc from the CO and continuum emission peak, suggesting that the gas is associated with a massive molecular outflow from the intensely star-forming nucleus that supplies 125 M
⊙ yr−1 of enriched gas to its halo.
Pair Drizzle around Sub-Eddington Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Wong George N. , Ryan Benjamin R. , Gammie Charles F.
Published: February 2021

Electron–positron pair creation near sub-Eddington accretion rate black holes is believed to be dominated by the Breit–Wheeler process (photon–photon collisions). The interacting high-energy photons are produced when unscreened electric fields accelerate leptons either in coherent, macroscopic gaps, or in incoherent structures embedded in the turbulent plasma flow. The latter type of acceleration results in a drizzle of pair production sourced by photons from the background radiation field whose energies are near the pair-production threshold. In this work, we use radiation general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations to extend an earlier study of pair drizzle by Mościbrodzka et al. We focus on low-magnetization (standard and normal evolution) accretion onto supermassive Kerr black holes and consider radiation due to synchrotron, bremsstrahlung, and Compton upscattering processes. We confirm that pair drizzle in M87 is sufficient to keep the magnetospheric charge density orders of magnitude above the Goldreich–Julian density. We also find that pair production peaks along the jet–disk boundary.
Water Production Rate of C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) from SOHO/SWAN over Its Active Apparition
Authors: Combi M. R. , Mäkinen T. , Bertaux J.-L. , Quémerais E. , Ferron S.
Published: February 2021

C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) was discovered in images from the Near Earth Object program of the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE) taken on 2020 March 27 and has become the Great Comet of 2020. The Solar Wind ANisotropies (SWAN) camera on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft, located in a halo orbit around the Earth–Sun L1 Lagrange point, makes daily full-sky images of hydrogen Lyα. Water production rates were determined from the SWAN hydrogen Lyα brightness and spatial distribution of the comet measured over a 4 month period of time on either side of the comet’s perihelion on 2020 July 3. The water production rate in s−1 was moderately asymmetric around perihelion and varied with the heliocentric distance, r, in au as (6.9 ± 0.5) × 1028
r
−2.5±0.2 and (10.1 ± 0.5) × 1028
r
−3.5±0.1 before and after perihelion, respectively. This is consistent with the comet having been through the planetary region of the solar system on one or more previous apparitions. Water production rates as large as 5.27 × 1030 s−1 were determined shortly after perihelion, once the comet was outside the solar avoidance area of SWAN, when the comet was 0.324 au from the Sun.
Icy Exomoons Evidenced by Spallogenic Nuclides in Polluted White Dwarfs
Authors: Doyle Alexandra E. , Desch Steven J. , Young Edward D.
Published: February 2021

We present evidence that excesses in Be in polluted white dwarfs (WDs) are the result of accretion of icy exomoons that formed in the radiation belts of giant exoplanets. Here we use excess Be in the white dwarf GALEX J2339–0424 as an example. We constrain the parent body abundances of rock-forming elements in GALEX J2339–0424 and show that the overabundance of beryllium in this WD cannot be accounted for by differences in diffusive fluxes through the WD outer envelope nor by chemical fractionations during typical rock-forming processes. We argue instead that the Be was produced by energetic proton irradiation of ice mixed with rock. We demonstrate that the MeV proton fluence required to form the high Be/O ratio in the accreted parent body is consistent with irradiation of ice in the rings of a giant planet within its radiation belt, followed by accretion of the ices to form a moon that is later accreted by the WD. The icy moons of Saturn serve as useful analogs. Our results provide an estimate of spallogenic nuclide excesses in icy moons formed by rings around giant planets in general, including those in the solar system. While excesses in Be have been detected in two polluted WDs to date, including the WD described here, we predict that excesses in the other spallogenic elements Li and B, although more difficult to detect, should also be observed, and that such detections would also indicate pollution by icy exomoons formed in the ring systems of giant planets.
Parallax Systematics and Photocenter Motions of Benchmark Eclipsing Binaries in Gaia EDR3
Authors: Stassun Keivan G. , Torres Guillermo
Published: February 2021

Previous analyses of various standard candles observed by the Gaia satellite have reported statistically significant systematics in the parallaxes that have improved from ∼250 μas in the first data release (DR1) to 50–80 μas in the second data release (DR2). Here we examine the parallaxes newly reported in the Gaia early third data release (EDR3) using the same sample of benchmark eclipsing binaries (EBs) we used to assess the DR1 and DR2 parallaxes. We find a mean offset of −37 ± 20 μas (Gaia − EB), which decreases to −15 ± 18 μas after applying the corrections recommended by the Gaia Mission team; global systematics in the Gaia parallaxes have clearly improved and are no longer statistically significant for the EB sample, which spans 5 ≲ G ≲ 12 in brightness and 0.03–3 kpc in distance. We also find that the Renormalized Unit Weight Error (RUWE) goodness-of-fit statistic reported in Gaia DR3 is highly sensitive to unresolved companions (tertiaries in the case of our EB sample) as well as to photocenter motion of the binaries themselves. RUWE is nearly perfectly correlated (r
2 = 0.82) with photocenter motions down to ≲0.1 mas, and surprisingly this correlation exists entirely within the nominal “good” RUWE range of 1.0–1.4. This suggests that RUWE values even slightly greater than 1.0 may signify unresolved binaries in Gaia, and that the RUWE value can serve as a quantitative predictor of the photocenter motion.
Knowledge Inventory of Foundational Data Products in Planetary Science
Authors: Laura Jason R. , Beyer Ross A.
Published: February 2021

Some of the key components of any Planetary Spatial Data Infrastructure (PDSI) are the data products that end-users wish to discover, access, and interrogate. One precursor to the implementation of a PSDI is a knowledge inventory that catalogs what products are available, from which data producers, and at what initially understood data qualities. We present a knowledge inventory of foundational PSDI data products: geodetic coordinate reference frames, elevation or topography, and orthoimages or orthomosaics. Additionally, we catalog the available gravity models that serve as critical data for the assessment of spatial location, spatial accuracy, and ultimately spatial efficacy. We strengthen our previously published definitions of foundational data products to assist in solidifying a common vocabulary that will improve communication about these essential data products.
The Visual Lightcurve of Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp) from 1995 to 1999
Authors: Womack M. , Curtis O. , Rabson D. A. , Pinto O. Harrington , Wierzchos K. , Gonzalez S. Cruz , Sarid G. , Mentzer C. , Lastra N. , Pichette N. , Ruffini N. , Cox T. , Rivera I. , Micciche A. , Jackson C. , Homich A. , Tollison A. , Reed S. , Zilka J. , Henning B. , Spinar M. , Escoto S. Rosslyn , Erdahl T. , Goldschen-Ohm Marcel P. , Uhl W. T.
Published: February 2021

The great comet C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp) presented a remarkable opportunity to study its long-term brightness over four years. We used 2240 observations published in the International Comet Quarterly from 17 observers during 1995 July to 1999 September to create a secular lightcurve. In order to account for observer differences, we present a novel algorithm to reduce scatter and increase precision in a lightcurve compiled from many sources. It is implemented in a publicly available code, ICQSPLITTER, which uses a self-consistent statistical approach. To first order, the comet’s lightcurve approximates an r
−4 response for both pre- and postperihelion distances. The preperihelion data are better fit with a fifth-order polynomial with inflection points at 4.0, 2.6, 2.1, and 1.1 au, some of which are associated with physical changes in the coma. Outbursts may have occurred a few days before perihelion and at ∼2.2 and 7.4 au postperihelion. The Afρ values derived from the final magnitudes are consistent with an r
−1.5 dependence on heliocentric distance and are within a factor of 2–4 of those derived from spectroscopy and narrowband photometry. We present correlation equations for visual magnitudes and CO and H2O production rates that are consistent with the preperihelion brightness increasing due to CO outgassing until about 2.6–3.0 au from the Sun and then are strongly correlated with H2O production rates. We also present two generalized correlation equations that may be useful for observation planning and data analysis with the James Webb Space Telescope and other observatories.
Vertical Structure and Color of Jovian Latitudinal Cloud Bands during the Juno Era
Authors: Dahl Emma K. , Chanover Nancy J. , Orton Glenn S. , Baines Kevin H. , Sinclair James A. , Voelz David G. , Wijerathna Erandi A. , Strycker Paul D. , Irwin Patrick G. J.
Published: February 2021

The identity of the coloring agent(s) in Jupiter’s atmosphere and the exact structure of Jupiter’s uppermost cloud deck are yet to be conclusively understood. The Crème Brûlée model of Jupiter’s tropospheric clouds, originally proposed by Baines et al. and expanded upon by Sromovsky et al. and Baines et al., presumes that the chromophore measured by Carlson et al. is the singular coloring agent in Jupiter’s troposphere. In this work, we test the validity of the Crème Brûlée model of Jupiter’s uppermost cloud deck using spectra measured during the Juno spacecraft’s fifth perijove pass in 2017 March. These data were obtained as part of an international ground-based observing campaign in support of the Juno mission using the New Mexico State University Acousto-optic Imaging Camera at the 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory in Sunspot, NM, USA. We find that the Crème Brûlée model cloud-layering scheme can reproduce Jupiter’s visible spectrum both with the Carlson et al. chromophore and with modifications to its imaginary index of refraction spectrum. While the Crème Brûlée model provides reasonable results for regions of Jupiter’s cloud bands such as the North Equatorial Belt and Equatorial Zone, we find that it is not a safe assumption for unique weather events, such as the 2016–2017 Southern Equatorial Belt outbreak that was captured by our measurements.
Two new hybrids of the genus Diplazium (Athyriaceae) from Japan
Authors: Hori Kiyotaka , Kanemitsu Hironobu
Published: February 2021

In this study, we describe the ferns Diplazium × kanayamaense hyb. nov. and D. × tsukushiense hyb. nov. and further compare them to parental species D. chinense, D. deciduum and D. fauriei in terms of morphological characteristics, plastids and nuclear DNA markers. These new hybrids have been determined to be endemic to western Japan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources status was evaluated for D. × kanayamaense as endangered (EN) and D. × tsukushiense as critically endangered (CR).
Renoprotective effect of carbamylated darbepoetin and udenafil in ischemia-reperfusion of rat kidney due to the effect of preconditioning and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B
Authors: Kostina Darya A. , Pokrovskaya Tatiana G. , Poltev Vladimir Y.
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Acute kidney injury is a widespread complication in hospitalized patients, with a high mortality rate and long-term complications affecting prognosis and quality of life and with high human and financial costs. In addition, to date, no clear algorithm for the prevention of this type of damage has been developed.

Materials and methods: The research was carried out on male Wistar rats. A 40-minute renal ischemia-reperfusion model was used to model acute kidney injury. Further, the renoprotective properties of carbamylated darbepoetin, udenafil and their combination were assessed based on the analysis of the biochemical studies’ results, dynamics of the renal status and the renal microvasculature, and the pathomorphological picture. A series of experiments was also carried out to assess the contribution of adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels and nuclear factor kappa B to the renoprotective properties of the said agents.

Results and discussion: Prophylactic administration of carbamylated darbepoetin at a dose of 50 μg/kg and udenafil at a dose of 8.7 mg/kg led to a statistically significant decrease in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, an increase in glomerular filtration rate with a simultaneous decrease in fractional excretion of sodium, as well as an increase in the level of microcirculation in the kidneys and a decrease in the severity of damage according to the data of a pathomor­phological examination at all time points of the experiment. A higher efficiency of correcting ischemic and reperfusion renal injuries was observed when using a combination of the said pharmacological agents. A series of experiments with glibenclamide demonstrated that its preliminary administration levels the renoprotective properties of carbamylated darbepoetin and udenafil. The ability of the studied pharmacological agents to reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced ex­pression of nuclear factor kappa B in mononuclear cells was also demonstrated. The results of the research suggest that the renoprotective effects of carbamylated darbepoetin, udenafil, and their combination are realized through ATP-de­pendent potassium channels and nuclear factor kappa B.

Conclusion: Pharmacological preconditioning with carbamylated darbepoetin and udenafil reduces the severity of acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion.
Team Rehabilitation in Inflammatory Arthritis Benefits Functional Outcomes Along With Improved Body Composition Associated With Improved Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Authors: Ajeganova Sofia , Wörnert Margareta , Hafström Ingiäld
Published: February 2021

Objective

We investigated the effect of team rehabilitation in inflammatory arthritis (IA) on body composition and physical function. Further, we examined whether body composition and physical function are associated with disability and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).

Methods

The participants were 149 patients (74% women) with chronic arthritis, a mean age of 53 (SD 13) years, and mean disease duration of 21 (SD 13) years. They participated in a 4-week team rehabilitation program and were evaluated at prerehabilitation, and at 3 and 12 months postrehabilitation. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and CRF by the Åstrand 6-minute cycle test. ANCOVA with Bonferroni correction and linear mixed models were applied.

Results

After 3 and 12 months, there were significant reductions in waist circumference and measures of fat, adjusted for age, sex, and baseline measures. The prevalence of adiposity and central obesity decreased after 12 months. Hand grip strength and timed sit-to-stand (TST) improved together with reduction in Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and increased VO2max after 3 and 12 months. HAQ reduction over time was associated with prerehabilitation measures of lean mass of legs, hand grip strength, TST, and physical activity, and changes in hand grip strength, physical activity, and sedentary time, but not with changes of body composition. VO2max improvement over time was associated with prerehabilitation BMI, waist circumference, measures of fat and lean mass, changes in BMI, waist circumference, and measures of fat.

Conclusion

In patients with IA, 4-week team rehabilitation benefited body composition, level of physical functioning, activity, and CRF for up to 12 months. Measures of physical function and activity were linked to HAQ over time, whereas body composition was linked to CRF.
Association Between Pressure Sores and Immobilization in the Immediate Post-Injury Period
Authors: Linares Hector A , Mawson Anthony R , Suarez Edward , Biundo Joseph J
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT: Pressure sores are a frequent complication of spinal cord injury (SCI) and are assumed to result from insufficient rotation following admission to the acute care unit. The likelihood of pressure sores occurring before admission to the nursing unit is not usually recognized. This study attempts to determine whether pressure sores are associated with prolonged immobilization in the early post-injury period, before admission to the acute care ward, and to identify other etiological factors relating to evacuation, transportation, and emergency room treatment. Thirty-two SCI patients were studied, 16 of whom developed sores in the hospital, and 16 who did not. Excluding five patients who failed to recall their immediate post-injury care, none of the remaining 14 patients with sores recalled being turned within two hours of injury; all 13 patients without sores said that they were rotated within two hours. Almost all patients said they were first turned on the hospital ward by a nurse. Whereas most of those without sores took less than two hours to reach the ward, most of those who later developed sores took three hours or longer.