bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific Case of Two Dynamical Options in Application to the Security Issues: Theoretical Development
Authors:   Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China, Goncharenko Andriy V.
Published: March 2022

In the presented paper it is investigated the influence of the subjective perception of the objectively existing security values upon the security measures and indicators in the framework of the subjective entropy maximum principle. The subjective analysis theory entropy paradigm makes it possible to consider the security system based upon dynamic parameters as an active system governed by an individual (active element of the managerial system) with the help of her/his individual subjective preferences optimal distributions obtained in conditions of the available situation multi-alternativeness and those achievable alternatives presence, as well as the active system active element’s individual subjective preferences uncertainty. The described approach takes into account the simple two-alternative security situation in regards with the objectively existing effectiveness functions, related to security measures, in the view of a controlled parameter and a combination of it with its rate as the ratio. It is obtained the expressions for the objective functional extremal functions of the effectiveness and preferences, mathematically explicitly visualizing the security situation and allowing taking a good choice. The ideas of the required proper governing, managing, and control methods choice optimization with respect to only 2 alternative objective effectiveness functions arguments might be simple; nevertheless, increasing the number of parameters and further complication of the problem setting will not change the principle of the problem solution. This study is rather comparative. The significance and value of the study becomes clear in comparison with the theoretical results in the entropy paradigm field. Herein the solution obtained in the explicit view based upon the integral form objective functional. Such kind of dynamic optimization was not modeled in the background works.
Design of a Highly Accurate PPG Sensing Interface via Multimodal Ensemble Classification Architecture
Authors:   ETC/ Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, India, Singh Neha , Kumar Arun
Published: March 2022

Photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensing is a field of signal measurement that involves accurate sensor design and efficient signal processing. Sensing interfaces have matured due to use of sophisticated nano-meter technologies, that allow for high speed, and low error sampling. Thus, in order to improve the efficiency of PPG sensing, the signal processing unit must be tweaked. A wide variety of algorithms have been proposed by researchers that use different classification models for signal conditioning and error reduction. When applied to blood pressure (BP) monitoring, the efficiency of these models is limited by their ability to differentiate between BP levels. In order to improve this efficiency, the underlying text proposes a novel multimodal ensemble classifier. The proposed classifier accumulates correct classification instances from a series of highly efficient classifiers in order to enhance the efficiency of PPG sensing. This efficiency is compared with standard classification models like k-nearest neighbors (kNN), random forest (RF), linear support vector machine (LSVM), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and logistic regression (LR). It is observed that the proposed model is 10% efficient than these models in terms of classification accuracy; and thus, can be used for real time BP monitoring PPG signal acquisition scenarios. This accuracy is estimated by comparing actual BP values with measured BP values, and then evaluating error difference w.r.t. other algorithms.
System Monitoring Addon Analysis in System Load Simulation
Authors:   Faculty of Informatics, AUE-FON University Skopje, R. N. Macedonia, Gjorgjevikj Filip , Jakimoski Kire
Published: March 2022

The complexity of interconnected devices requires constant real-time monitoring, as failure of one part can have catastrophic consequences for the entire system. Computer-information monitoring tools enable us to always be one step ahead of potential problems that may occur in a monitored network environment, whether it is a human-caused configuration or simply an element has failed or stopped working. Not only can they report potential problems, but they can also solve the problem itself. For example, if an element needs increased resources at a given time, the tool itself can recognize it and automatically increase the resource needs of that element. By setting up a monitoring system in a virtual environment, the results can be seen and through their analysis will bring an optimal solution when it comes to what agent to use. This paper presents analysis of how network monitoring agent is responding in cases when there is increased use of shared resources. Knowing this can help in choosing what agent should be used in any given environment, and with that more resources will be saved. This leads to better utilization of resources which is an important in mid-size and big setup of computer monitoring systems.
Optimized Parallel Counting Sort Algorithm for Distinct Numeric Values on Biswapped Hyper Hexa-Cell Optoelectronic Network
Authors:   Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India, Gupta Ashish
Published: March 2022

The optoelectronic Biswapped-Hyper Hexa-Cell is a recently reported recursive and a symmetrical architecture of Biswapped Family. This symmetrical network has claimed and proved to be advantageous in terms of network diameter, bisection width, minimum node-degree and network cost compared to its counterpart architecture of OTIS family named ‘OTIS Hyper Hexa-Cell’ and traditional grid-based architecture of Biswapped family named ‘Biswapped-Mesh’. In this paper, we present a novel and efficient parallel algorithm for counting sort for sorting distinct numeric values on dh-dimensional Biswapped-Hyper Hexa-Cell optoelectronic network. The parallel algorithm demands 10d_h+12+ log_2⁡〖S_A 〗 electronic and 10 optical moves, where SA is the size of count array: Acip[SA], and SA equals to maximal minus minimal numeric value plus one. On the basis of analysis, it is concluded that proposed algorithm delivers better performance since speedup and efficiency improved for worst case scenario (difference between maximal and minimal data values becomes larger) with the increase of only few communication moves required for sorting.
Ensem_SLDR: Classification of Cybercrime using Ensemble Learning Technique
Authors:   Department of Computer Science Engineering, Bhagwan Parshuram Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110089, India, Pandey Hemakshi , Goyal Riya , Virmani Deepali , Gupta Charu
Published: March 2022

With the advancement of technology, cybercrimes are surging at an alarming rate as miscreants pour into the world's modern reliance on the virtual platform. Due to the accumulation of an enormous quantity of cybercrime data, there is huge potential to analyze and segregate the data with the help of Machine Learning. The focus of this research is to construct a model, Ensem_SLDR which can predict the relevant sections of IT Act 2000 from the compliant text/subjects with the aid of Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, and Ensemble Learning methods. The objective of this paper is to implement a robust technique to categorize cybercrime into two sections, 66 and 67 of IT Act 2000 with high precision using ensemble learning technique. In the proposed methodology, Bag of Words approach is applied for performing feature engineering where these features are given as input to the hybrid model Ensem_SLDR. The proposed model is implemented with the help of model stacking, comprising Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, and Random Forest and gave better performance by having 96.55 % accuracy, which is higher and reliable than the past models implemented using a single learning algorithm and some of the existing hybrid models. Ensemble learning techniques enhance model performance and robustness. This research is beneficial for cyber-crime cells in India, which have a repository of detailed information on cybercrime including complaints and investigations. Hence, there is a need for model and automation systems empowered by artificial intelligence technologies for the analysis of cybercrime and their classification of its sections.
Towards an Intelligent Machine Learning-based Business Approach
Authors:   MARS Research Laboratory LR17ES05, University of Sousse, Tunisia, Omri Mohamed Nazih , Mribah Wafa
Published: March 2022

With the constant increase of data induced by stakeholders throughout a product life cycle, companies tend to rely on project management tools for guidance. Business intelligence approaches that are project-oriented will help the team communicate better, plan their next steps, have an overview of the current project state and take concrete actions prior to the provided forecasts. The spread of agile working mindsets are making these tools even more useful. It sets a basic understanding of how the project should be running so that the implementation is easy to follow on and easy to use. In this paper, we offer a model that makes project management accessible from different software development tools and different data sources. Our model provide project data analysis to improve aspects: (i) collaboration which includes team communication, team dashboard. It also optimizes document sharing, deadlines and status updates. (ii) planning: allows the tasks described by the software to be used and made visible. It will also involve tracking task time to display any barriers to work that some members might be facing without reporting them. (iii) forecasting to predict future results from behavioral data, which will allow concrete measures to be taken. And (iv) Documentation to involve reports that summarize all relevant project information, such as time spent on tasks and charts that study the status of the project. The experimental study carried out on the various data collections on our model and on the main models that we have studied in the literature, as well as the analysis of the results, which we obtained, clearly show the limits of these studied models and confirms the performance of our model as well as efficiency in terms of precision, recall and robustness.
Investigation of the Effect of Normalization Methods on ANFIS Success: Forestfire and Diabets Datasets
Authors:   Şarkışla Faculty of Applied Sciences / computer technologies, Sivas, 58070, Turkey, Polatgil Mesut.
Published: March 2022

Machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques are more and more in our lives and studies in this field are increasing day by day. Data is vital for these studies. In order to draw meaningful conclusions from the available data, new methods are proposed and successful results are obtained. The preparation of the obtained data is very important in the studies to be carried out. Data preprocessing is very important in the preparation of data. The most critical stage of the data preprocessing process is the scaling or normalization of the data. Machine learning libraries such as scikit-learn and programming languages such as R provide the necessary libraries to scale data. However, it is not known exactly which normalization method will be applied and which will yield more successful results. The success of these normalization methods has been investigated on many different methods, but such a study has not been done on the adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The aim of this study is to examine the success of normalization methods on ANFIS in terms of both classification and regression problems. So, for studies using the Anfis method, guidance will be provided on which normalization process will give better results in the data preprocessing stage. Four different normalization methods in the scikit-learn library were applied on the Diabets and Forestfire datasets in the UCI database. The results are presented separately for both classification and regression. It has been determined that min-max normalization in classification problems and working with original data in regression problems are more successful.
Decentralized Self-adaptation in the Presence of Partial Knowledge with Reduced Coordination Overhead
Authors:   Institute of Information Technology, University of Dhaka, Ganguly Kishan Kumar , Asad Moumita , Sakib Kazi
Published: March 2022

Decentralized self-adaptive systems consist of multiple control loops that adapt some local and system-level global goals of each locally managed system or component in a decentralized setting. As each component works together in a decentralized environment, a control loop cannot take adaptation decisions independently. Therefore, all the control loops need to exchange their adaptation decisions to infer a global knowledge about the system. Decentralized self-adaptation approaches in the literature uses the global knowledge to take decisions that optimize both local and global goals. However, coordinating in such an unbounded manner impairs scalability. This paper proposes a decentralized self-adaptation technique using reinforcement learning that incorporates partial knowledge in order to reduce coordination overhead. The Q-learning algorithm based on Interaction Driven Markov Games is utilized to take adaptation decisions as it enables coordination only when it is beneficial. Rather than using unbounded number of peers, the adaptation control loop coordinates with a single peer control loop. The proposed approach was evaluated on a service-based Tele Assistance System. It was compared to random, independent and multiagent learners that assume global knowledge. It was observed that, in all cases, the proposed approach conformed to both local and global goals while maintaining comparatively lower coordination overhead.
Component Learning Community for Informal Education to Support Culinary Community at Era New Normal Covid-19: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors:   Information System Department, STMIK Insan Pembangunan Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia 15810, Winanti  , Goestjahjanti Francisca Sestri
Published: March 2022

Informal education will be successful as an alternative for the community because not all people are able to receive formal education. This study uses a qualitative method with a systematic literature review (SLR) technique to look for learning community components in informal education to support learning in the culinary community in the new normal era of Covid-19. The author collects, studies, and analyzes reference sources according to the specified keywords. Found 53 papers from 2002 to 2021 with background authors from academia, industry, and the public sector with reference sources from journals, conferences, white papers, and research reports. Systematic literature review results obtained 6 components of learning community in informal education, namely content, forum, method, technology, figure/layout, and human/social resources. The six components as a reference and the author's first step in the next research through searching for the characteristics of the learning community in the culinary field, then making a learning model of the culinary community. Because of the importance of the learning community component in informal education to help community members share knowledge, solve problems, share common goals and interests among community members.
The construction of the outcome-evaluating indicators of the transformation of China’s foreign trade development mode and its empirical analysis
Authors:   Jinan Semiconductor Institute, LI Xueqin , LI Changkui ,   Creative E-commerce (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd
Published: March 2022

Based on the transformation connotation of foreign trade development mode, this paper obtains the outcome-evaluating indicators of the transformation of foreign trade development mode according to trade identities. Next, it employs the method of Sharply Value in cooperative game to calculate the contribution degree of each indicator to the trade development, and evaluates the transformation outcomes of China’s foreign trade development mode from two perspectives, resource-utilizing ways and market development ways. It shows that the transformation of China’s foreign trade development mode has achieved a certain outcome, though there still exist some imperfections in the transformation. Hence the government should lay the focus of future policies related to the transformation of China’s foreign trade development mode on the improvement of the coordination between export sector and non-export sector of national economy and the elevation of innovation capabilities of enterprises.
Impact of business environment on innovation and entrepreneurship in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
Authors:   School of Business Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, LIU Runda , TANG Jing ,   School of Economics and Trade, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, LIU Jun ,   Department of Physical Education, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
Published: March 2022

Since the implementation of the development strategy of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the state has attached great importance to improving the business environment Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of business environment on the entrepreneurial intention of college students in the context of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. This research mainly uses questionnaire and interview to collect data, and Regression Analysis to screen and calculate the data. Basing on the coefficient caused by different quartiles, analyzing the degree of entrepreneurial intention of college students caused by different factors. Drawing the conclusion that There exists Law of diminishing marginal utility in policy perspective . The tripartite cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau has resulted in a complementary situation within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Areat , resulting in Pareto improvement, and young people from Hong Kong and Macau are gradually willing to go inland to start their own businesses, etc. Therefore, in order to enhance the impact of business environment on the entrepreneurial willingness of college students, we offer the suggestion that building a platform for entrepreneurship in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, and strengthen the interconnection between the three places. Improve entrepreneurial policies and institutional systems, provide entrepreneurial financing support and ease the pressure on entrepreneurial cash flow, etc.
China’s Economic Security in the New Era
Authors:   School of English Studies, Sichuan International Studies University, RU Hongbing
Published: March 2022

With time, space, key areas of difference, the connotation of national economy security, extension, evaluation standard in rich and development. Based on the national economic security to the background and evolution process, in profits from the predecessor research results foundation, this paper unifies the Chinese current situation and analyses the basic connotation of national economy safety, influence factors and key areas of existing problem of national economy security.
Quasi-Parity-Time symmetric dynamics in a periodcially driven two-level non-Hermitian system
Authors: Hu Zhou  , Zeng Zhao-Yun  , Tang jia  , Luo Xiao-bing  ,   1) Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;,   2) School of Mathematics and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
Published: March 2022

In recent years, there have been intensive studies on non-Hermitian physics and parity-time (PT) symmetry, due to their fundamental importance in theory and outstanding applications. A distinctive character in PT-symmetric systems is phase transition (spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking), where the energy spectrum changes from all real to complex when the non-Hermitian parameter exceeds a certain threshold. However, the conditions for PT-symmetric system with real energy spectrum to occur are rather restrictive. Generalization of PT-symmetric potentials to wider classes of non-PT-symmetric complex potentials with all-real spectra is a currently important endeavor. The simple PT-symmetric two-level Floquet quantum system is now being actively explored, because it holds potential for realization of non-unitary single-qubit quantum gate. However, studies on the evolution dynamics of non-PT-symmetric two-level non-Hermitian Floquet quantum system still remain relatively rare.
In this paper, we investigate the non-Hermitian physics of a periodically driven non-PT-symmetric two-level quantum system. By phase-space analysis, we find that there exist so-called pseudo fixed points in phase space representing the Floquet solutions with fixed population difference and a time-dependent relative phase between the two levels. Based on these pseudo fixed points, we analytically construct the non-unitary evolution operator and then explore the dynamics of the non-PT-symmetric two-level quantum system in different parameter regions. We confirm both analytically and numerically that the two-level non-Hermitian Floquet quantum system, although being non-parity-time-symmetric, still features a phase transition with the quasienergy spectrum changing from all real to complex, just as for PT symmetric systems. Furthermore, we reveal that a novel phenomenon called quasi-PT symmetric dynamics occurs in the time evolution process. The quasi-PT symmetric dynamics is so named in our paper, in the sense that the time-evolution of population probabilities in the non-PT-symmetric two-level system respects fully the time-space symmetry (PT symmetry), while time-evolution of the quantum state (containing the phase) does not, due to the fact that time-evolution of the phases of the probability amplitudes on the two levels violates the PT symmetry requirement.
Socio-personal Characteristics of Ecological Farmers of Nagaland in Terms of Food Security
Authors: Narzary Lovely , Deshmukh Prashant Rangnathrao
Published: March 2022

The present study focuses on the socio-personal characteristics of ecological farmers with food security in Nagaland. An Ex-Post facto research design was used for the present study. The study was conducted in Nagaland state during the year 2020-21. Two districts namely, Phek and Wokha were selected randomly. Two blocks from each selected district and four villages from each blocks were selected randomly for the study. From each selected village, fifteen farmers were chosen randomly. A sample of 120 farmers was selected from Phek and Wokha districts by random sampling method. A pre-tested interview schedule was made in according to the study’s objectives to collect data from the farmers. The collected data was analyzed, classified and tabulated. Statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson’s coefficient of correlation were used to interpret findings and draw conclusions. The dependent variable food security was based on Likerts’ scale using 23-items in terms of four dimensions of food security like- Food availability, food access, food utilization and food stability. The socio-personal characteristics of ecological farmers indicated that majority of the farmers were middle-aged (56.67%), had primary level of education (35%), had marginal land holding (44.17%), medium family size (49.16%), medium family income (65.83%), member of one organization (70%), had fair cropping pattern (58.33%), medium number of livestock possession (80.83%), no sources of irrigation (90%), low level of extension contact (52.50%), medium level of risk preference (68.33%) and had medium level of farming experience (63.33%). The findings revealed that more than half i.e. 55.83 per cent of the farmers had medium level of food security. The study also found that age, education, land holding, family income, cropping pattern, livestock possession, extension contact, risk preferences and farming experience were the significant factors associated with farmers’ food security status.
Arduino Mega Based Smart Traffic Control System
Authors: Shaheen Yaser S. A. , Alkafrawi Hussam M. I. , Al Aga Tarek R. S. , Elkafrawi Ismail M. , Omar Imaeeg Massoud A.
Published: March 2022

Aim: The main aim of this paper is design smart traffic system to develop a dynamic road signal based on density.

Study Design: The conventional traffic signal system is based on constant traffic management time, so we proposed a smart system using Arduino Mega and ultrasonic sensors where green signal times change automatically according to traffic density.

Methodology: The performance of the proposed system is tested using Proteus simulator and a real model was designed.

Resolute and conclusion: the simulation and experimental test rig have shown that this system can be implemented, as it has been able to change the green signal time according to congestion density while developing this system.
The Impact of Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) Performance on the Change of Z-score before and after the COVID-19 – the Case of Chinese A-Share Manufacturing Industry Companies
Authors: Hsiao Chih-Yi , Jiang Qian , Lian Lin-Yi , Wang You-Shen
Published: March 2022

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19, many companies around the world have fallen into financial difficulties to varying degrees due to various factors. But there are also a lot of companies that have taken on more corporate social responsibilities than usual during the epidemic. The enterprises have to pay a huge capital to undertake social responsibility, according to the connotation of sustainable operation of corporate social responsibility, the ultimate goal of implementing corporate social responsibility should be to achieve a win-win situation between enterprises and stakeholders. Therefore, this study uses the A-share manufacturing industry of Chinese listed companies from 2019, 2020, and the third quarter of 2021 as the research samples, and empirically probes the impact of ESG performance on changes in the Z-score of companies before and after the COVID-19. The results of the study found that during the epidemic, the better the ESG performance, and the more unfavorable the overall financial situation of the company, this is due to the huge expenditure for unusual business. However, if the company that ESG performance kept the same or even improved compared with last year would significantly improve the overall financial situation of the company. The improvement was even more pronounced for companies at the high level of financial physique, that is, the continued effort on corporate social responsibility worked. In addition, after the recovery of the epidemic, the performance of ESG has no significant impact on the overall financial situation of the company, but companies with better financial situation recovery can significantly improve the Z-score of the company if the ESG performance can be on par with the previous period or even improve. According to the empirical research results, this study also puts forward corresponding suggestions.
Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions towards Agricultural Credit in Tanzania
Authors: Mwonge Lazaro Athanas , Naho Alexis
Published: March 2022

Agricultural sector plays a pivotal role in the Tanzanian economy in such a way that it qualifies as the major trigger of sustainable and robust growth of the country’s economy. Though agriculture in Tanzania is largely under small scale, smallholder farmers earn little income and therefore demand credit necessary to initiate farming and adopt new technology. Hence, demand for agricultural credit is the willingness and ability of farmers to access existing sources of funds to meet farm investment needs. This study therefore aimed at assessing the smallholder farmers’ perceptions towards agricultural credit in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania. Rational choice theory was used in this study and given priority due to its importance in explaining the access of financial services as attributes of the individual heavily influence credit demand by smallholder farmers. A multi-stage sampling technique involving purposive sampling of 10 wards out of 29 wards based on their potential in crop production and presence of credit services was adopted, followed by a simple random sample of 300 smallholder farmers randomly chosen from the selected wards. The primary data were collected using questionnaire, interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and observation from the 300 sampled farm households in the study area while secondary data were obtained through documentary book reviews, ward office reports, online internet materials and journal articles. Findings show that, smallholder farmers’ attitude towards risk associated with agricultural credit were highly perceived by the majority of them. Also, results showed that inaccessibility of credit information, lack of education, bureaucratic procedures (i.e., lending procedures) and high repayment rate i.e., price of loan were perceived to be the main challenges that affected smallholder farmers’ decisions to demand and access agricultural credit from MFIs (Microfinance Institutions). Therefore, the perception of smallholder farmers that the application procedures are cumbersome and take a long time for the applicant to get a feedback, is having a negative influence on the probability of their demand for credit from MFIs. The study recommends education provision to smallholder farmers on agricultural credit use and improved market information systems. Also, credit institution should ensure effective provision of information on agricultural credit to boost their credit services to smallholder farmers.
Challenges of Emergency eLearning in Rural Bhutan: A Case of Kengkhar Middle Secondary School during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: . Kuenga , Wangchuk Dorji
Published: March 2022

With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic across the world, countries were locked down and the borders were sealed. Like in other countries, the education institutes in Bhutan were closed and the mode of learning shifted to online. There were some challenges with online teaching and learning (eLearning). This is a case study of Kengkhar Middle Secondary School. It attempts to examine various challenges of eLearning faced by the tutors, learners, and parents and guardians of schoolchildren. This study used primary data, which were collected from teachers, learners, and randomly selected parents using three tools (Student Survey, Online assignment, and Interview). It was found that about 90 percent of the students did not have personal smartphones and 80 percent of the students used the smartphones of their parents and guardians. Moreover, 87 percent of the respondents received support from their parents and guardians during emergency eLearning. However, there were several challenges involved with eLearning. Some of the major challenges included poor attendance of the students, limited digital skills, unfamiliarity with Google Classroom, and financial burden for parents. Similarly, teachers experienced challenges such as a poor response from students, low turnout rate, language barrier, and lack of proper planning and direction.
Effect of Biostimulant Formulation of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Crude Terpenoid Extract with Addition of Micronutrients on the Growth and Yield of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Yulia Mikel , . Mansyurdin , Noli Zozy Aneloi
Published: March 2022

Aims: To analyze the effect of biostimulant formulation of Centella asiatica terpenoid extract with the addition of micronutrients on the growth and yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Study Design:  Experimental design.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Andalas University, in agricultural land, Limau Manis, Padang City, Indonesia  from January until April 2021

Methodology: The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design having nine treatments and replicated thrice. The first factor was the concentration of the terpenoid extract: a0 (0 mg/L); a1 (0.25 mg/L); a2 (0.5 mg/L). The second factor is the composition of the solution of micronutrients: b0 (without micronutrients); b1 (FeSO4 0,01875%, MnSO4 0,01562%, ZnSO4 0,01562%, CuSO4 0,00312%, H3BO3 0,00937%); b2 (FeSO4 0,0375%, MnSO4 0,03125%, ZnSO4 0,03125%, CuSO4 0,00625%, H3BO3 0,01875%).

Results: The results showed that the biostimulant formulation of terpenoid extract with the addition of micronutrients affected some parameters of growth and yield of upland rice. The highest average number of tillers was 23.00, it was obtained in treatment a2b2. Treatment a1b2 gave a high average dry weight of 100 grains, namely 2.47g. The dry weight of 100 grains was positively correlated (r = 0.702) with the number of tillers, plant height and chlorophyll b with respectively contributions of 9.36%, 7.35% and 3.82%.

Conclusion: The biostimulant formulation of C. asiatica crude terpenoid extract with addition of micronutrients was able to increase the number of tillers and dry weight of 100 grains of upland rice.
Development of Comfortable Umbrella with Fan by Using Solar Energy
Authors: Hakiki . , Khaula Nurul Hakim , Yuniarto Wimbo Nugroho , Liu Hao
Published: March 2022

Heat waves often occur during sunny days in tropical regions during summer season, with temperatures sometimes reaching over 42 degrees Celsius. Because overheat waves can cause heatstroke for human beings who work outside, umbrellas are usually used to cut off sunshine to protect them. In the paper, an umbrella prototype is designed, which can drive a fan to provide cooling effect for persons who work outside in tropical regions. The designed umbrella uses solar cell attached on the above surface of the umbrella to convert solar energy into electricity, which is used to drive a fan or charge a battery. Moreover, the battery can also drive the fan when sunshine intensity is weak, or provide a charging port with 5 voltages for portable devices, such as mobile phones. The key component to realize these functions is an electronic control module, which includes charging circuit and discharging circuit. The former increases output voltage from the solar cell to the desired voltage to charge the battery; the latter can control electricity from the battery to drive the DC motor fan, LED indicator, and charging port.
Extraction and Partial Purification of Thaumatin from Arils of Thaumatococcus daniellii Fruit
Authors: Onuawuchi Osuji, P. , Azubuike Enemor, V. H. , A. Henrientta Ogbunugafor, , Chinedu Shalom, N. , Ogochukwu Akunna T. , Ogbodo Uchechukwu C.
Published: March 2022

Thaumatococcus daniellii is a large flowering herb with rhizomatous rootstock, commonly found mostly in the western part of Nigeria. Thaumatococcus daniellii fruit arils that contain the sweetener, are embedded within a gel-like fluid that is richly composed of polysaccharide. The extraction and partial purification of thaumatin (protein) was undertaken to devise simpler means to extract and purify the protein, following the difficulty associated with the extraction due to the presence of the gel that encapsulates the protein. The research was carried out in department of biochemistry laboratory, covenant university Ota, Nigeria, between 10 August 2015 and 13 November 2018. In attempt to determine the optimal pH and temperature for extraction of crude thaumatin in different media from 4,000mg of the sample. Extraction was carried out at different pH values (2, 3, 4 and 5) in varied temperatures (25oC, 30oC, 40oC, 45oC, 50oC, 55oC, 60oC, 70oC, 80oC and 90oC). Maximum concentration of crude thaumatin extracted in 50ml of distilled water was 13.40mg/ml at pH 3 and temperature of 50oC while 28.17mg/ml at pH 3 and temperature of 55oC was extracted in 50ml of 0.85M of aqueous sodium chloride (dilute sodium chloride). Each extracted crude thaumatin was subjected to centrifugation at 10,000rpm for 1800secs, the decanted extracted crude thaumatin (supernatant) formed were assayed for protein via lowry method. Having pooled each decanted supernatant, the extracted crude thaumatin were precipitated with ammonium sulphate, dialyzed and subjected to column chromatography while the eluent were collected, tested for protein then freeze dried and stored as partially purified thaumatin. From the above findings, the extraction and partial purification of thaumatin can be optimized in dilute sodium chloride at optimal pH and temperature thereby making protein more readily available. Thaumatin a protein with very low calorie is an excellent alternative to other sweeteners with high calories especially sucrose, consequently will go a long way to reducing health challenges associated with sucrose such as obesity, hyperglycaemia, dental cares and even diabetes.
Diastolic Valvular Regurgitation in Patient with Complete Atrio-ventricular Block
Authors: El-Adaoui A. , Asklou A. , Errami A. , Inouamou I. , Arous S. , Habbal R.
Published: March 2022

Mitral regurgitation in conduction disorders is a rare feature of functional valve regurgitation.

In patients with high-grade atrioventricular block, the onset of ventricular ejection may shift with atrial telesystole; in this case, the rise in left ventricular filling pressure after atrial systole, especially in the case of complete atrioventricular block leading to an inversion of the LA-LV gradient during the supraventricular relaxation phase and diastolic mitral insufficiency can gradually set in , as well as secondary tricuspid regurgitation

Here we report the observation of a patient admitted for a complete atrioventricular block, with reversible mitral and tricuspid regurgitation after implantation of a pace maker.
Effect of Ethanol Leave Extract of Gongronema latifolium on Female Reproductive System in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Effiong Grace Sylvester , Ebe Nse Udoka , Odeghe Othuke Bensandy , Uka Emmanuel , Nwuzor Emmanuel Onyi , Umoh Ekemini Imeh
Published: March 2022

Reproductive system has infertility as a disease that affect both sex at equal frequency. A ten percent population of human reproductive age are affected with the phenomenon globally. This study investigated how ethanol crude leaves of Gongronema latifolium affect the reproductive system of female Albino Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard methods. The extract effect on reproductive hormones and estrous cycle were ascertained on experimental rats weighing 140-160g. Matured females; twenty-five in numbers were equally shared into five groups: The normal and positive controls were groups 1 and 2 which were administered distilled water and standard drug; On the other hand crude ethanol leaves of Gongronema latifolium were given to the last three groups in a 200, 300 and 400 in mg/body weight i.e mg/kg. Phytochemical profile revealed saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids including cardiac glycosides. Hormonal results indicated that the low dose and middle dose were decreased significantly (P = .05) in both FSH and Progesterone levels, but increased significantly (P = .05) in LH and Estradiol levels. The high dose had a significantly decreased (P = .05) FSH and LH but a significantly increased (P = .05) Progesterone and Estradiol. The study further demonstrated irregularities of estrous cycle as an effect of the ethanol crude Gongronema latifolium leaves. Also, the crude leaves might distort the process of reproduction of female Wistar rats. The secondary metabolites in Gongronema latifolium leaves could have caused these effects.
Massive Acute Hemolysis in Two Siblings with Glucose Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Parvovirus B19 Infection
Authors: Yokoyama Koji , Yoshida Akira
Published: March 2022

Aims: A previous study reported hemolytic crisis in patients with erythro-enzymopathy. Here, we report two further cases of massive acute hemolysis with methemoglobinemia in two siblings with glucose dehydrogenase deficiency and parvovirus B19 (PAVB) infection.

Presentations of Case: The first was his 8-year-old brother, who developed mild hemolysis with liver dysfunction and survived. The second patient was a 10-year-old boy, who developed liver and kidney failure and died. To elucidate the mechanisms through which PAVB can cause liver and kidney failure, we analyzed cytokines and virus burden.

Conclusion: Physicians should be aware that severe hemolysis may occur in patients with hematological abnormalities and PAVB infection.
Effect of Foliar Spray of Humic Acid on Root Growth, Yield Components and Quality in Redgram (Cajanus cajan )
Authors: Meena M. K. , Dhanoji M. M. , Naik Chandra
Published: March 2022

The present study examined the effect of foliar spray of humic acid on root Growth, yield components and quality in Redgram (Cajanus cajan ).The study was conducted during Kharif 2015-16 at Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Raichur by using randomized block design. The effectiveness of humic acid was studied with different levels as T1  -  Humic acid liquid 15% @ 1.0 ml/l of water, T2  - Humic acid liquid 15% @ 1.5 ml/l of water, T3   -   Humic acid liquid 15% @ 2.5 ml/l of water, T4  -   Humic acid liquid 15% @ 4.0 ml/l of water, T5   - Planofix 4.5 % @ 20ppm and T6   -  as a control. Redgram root growth including  root length, shoot length, root dry weight , shoot dry weight , leaf area, dry matter production, flower drops,  minerals content (quality), and yield components were measured at 60,90 DAS and  at harvest, respectively. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed for all the above mentioned parameters across the humic acid levels. Based on this study, the foliar application T4-Humic acid liquid 15% @ 4.0 ml/l of water might be recommended to improve growth physiology, quality and yield components of Redgram in similar environmental conditions. Further, research is required in diverse plant environments to determine economically feasible application levels of Humic acid while comparing it with other plant growth regulators sources.
Screening, Isolation and Characterization of Amylase Producing Bacteria and Optimization for Production of Amylase
Authors: P. E. Dike , E. U. Mba , H. Ezekiel-Hart
Published: March 2022

The use of amylase enzyme has been extensive in different industrial sectors for quite a long time because of its various applications. In this study, soil from cassava processing site was screened for a bacteria with an amylase producing ability using starch iodine method and dinitrosalicyclic method. The biochemical and molecular characterization revealed the organism to be Bacillus circulan (CS2). Optimization of the enzyme production parameters was first carried out using the one factor at a time (OFAT) approach. The result obtained from OFAT study indicates that the following medium composition and culture conditions; medium pH 8, incubation temperature 45°C, incubation time 48 h, inoculum size 5%(w/v) of starch, lactose 1% (w/v), malt extract 1% (w/v), was suitable for the organism. Further optimization was done using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD). RSM model was found to have a predicted R2and Adjusted R2value of -0.0666 and 0.3980 respectively and can significantly (p < 0.0500) predicted the response variables. Within the model interaction, effect between the model variables medium pH (A) and Lactose (D) were found to be significant. Optimal conditions for Amylase production by Bacillus circulans are Temperature of 35°C pH of 10 Lactose 1(%) and Malt Extract 2(%) which gave an enzyme activity of 15.776U/mL and biomass of 1.648. B.circulans was partially purified using ammonium sulphate and was also seen to be stable at temperature of 800C and a pH of 6.
A Comparison between Accelerated Failure Time Models in Analyzing the Survival of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Senyefia Bosson-Amedenu , Joseph Acquah , Christiana Cynthia Nyarko , Ouerfelli Noureddine
Published: March 2022

Background: Female breast cancer (BC) has surpassed lung cancer as the most prevalent reason for cancer-related diagnosis in the world. BC has geographical disparities in the intensity of effect of its associated risk factors on patients’ survival. Several models can be employed to determine the effect of risk factors on patients’ survival. The present study aims at evaluating these models.

Methods: The secondary data of 558 BC patients diagnosed at Korle Bu teaching hospital during 2010-2015 and followed-up (right censored) to the end of 2015 were analysed. The survival status, demographic and tumour characteristics of these patients were determined by event history analysis. To compare various models of survival, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) , Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) and Receiver Operation Characteristic (ROC) curve were used. R software was used for data analyses. The data consisted of BC patients in the age range of 13 to 97 years. The dataset was partitioned into training (holding 70%) and validation set (30%).

Results: Based on AIC, BIC and ROC curve values the Gompertz (AIC=2322, BIC=2391) was the best model fit for the survival data. Generalised Gamma (AIC=2378, BIC=2451) and Weibull (AIC=2382, BIC=2452) models were respectively the next alternatives among the nine (9) accelerated failure time (AFT) models considered in our study. Results from the three best fitted AFT models showed that covariates such as Age at diagnosis, Progesterone receptor, Molecular Subtype, Grade, Stage, Metastasis, number of Lymph nodes involved and genetic status were the significant factors that have an effect on the survival time of BC patients in Ghana (P<0.05). The Area under the ROC curve (AUC=0.945) shows an outstanding performance of the Gompertz AFT model to discriminate the true disease status of patients.

Conclusion: Although the Cox proportional hazard model has seen wide usage and remains a robust approach in survival analyses for the past four decades; its proportional hazards assumption is most often violated by some covariates in medical research. Under such violations, AFT models are a strong alternative.
Finite Element Analysis of Biomechanical Behaviour of Remaining Coronal Dentin in Endodontically Restored Tooth - A Systematic Review [Evaluation of Stress Distribution in FEA Studies]
Authors: Mulani Shahinwaz , Dubey-Godbole Surekha , Shaikh Shoeb , Shaikh Safia , Shinde Dipak
Published: March 2022

Background: Since few years finite element (FE) analysis has turn out to be a widespread tool for investigators seeking to simulate the tooth biomechanics and associated structures. Finite element method plays important role to expand understanding of the ferrule effect. This paper contains a systematic review and conclusions from FE method grounded computational simulations of the the tooth with post and core to simulate function and tissue behavior

Methods: 14 applicable papers were linked within this systematic literature search. Uprooted data contained information on type of tooth, location of tooth, magnitude of force, software used for modelling, boundary condition, method of scanning, validation, tooth with ferrule, tooth without ferrule, key findings.

Results: Included papers illustrated use of FE analysis for replication of including nonlinear tooth and tissue mechanics, contact analysis and rigid body movements. We executed multi-database systematic review through PRISMA standards accomplishing inclusion criteria and results were investigated and précised for appropriate papers.

Discussion: With prompt expansions of computer knowledge, the FEA now recognized as a potent method in dental biomechanics due to its flexibility in measuring stress dispersals within multidimensional structures. The researcher will be well equipped to understand the results of FEA investigations and correlate these results to clinical settings after learning the basic theory, application, method, and limitations of FEA in dentistry. Ferrule has a precarious impact on stress reduction. Teeth are less stressed when posts and cores are composed of strong materials. Keeping supragingival tooth structure included within the crown gives repaired teeth extraordinary strength.