bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Satisfactory usage of kidneys from pediatric donors with severe hand foot mouth disease
Authors: Gao Chen , Wu Bichen , Yu Shaojie , Peng Fenghua , Lan Gongbin , Guo Yong , Peng Longkai
Published: March 2019

No studies have reported making use of kidneys from pediatric donors with severe HFMD. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the feasibility and clinical effect of six cases of kidney transplantation from four pediatric donors with severe HFMD in our center between January 2014 and December 2016. The donors’ age ranged from 6 months to 3 years and 11 months. The recipients’ age ranged from 18 to 41 years. Single kidney transplantation was performed in four recipients, and dual splitting kidney transplantation and en bloc kidney transplantation were performed in two recipients, respectively. During the 1.5‐4 years follow‐up, all recipients maintained normal kidney allograft function except for one recipient whose allograft was removed due to the allograft artery thrombosis. The survival rates of recipient and allograft were 100% and 83.3%, respectively. None of the six recipients showed any symptoms associated with HFMD. In conclusion, it is feasible to perform kidney transplantation from pediatric donors with severe HFMD to adult recipients with immunity to the pathogens. The clinical effect is satisfactory.
A clinical description of children with solid organ transplants who present with feeding disorder
Authors: Lerret Stacee M. , Erato Gina , Goday Praveen S. , Silverman Alan H.
Published: March 2019

Pediatric solid organ transplant recipients have long‐standing malnutrition concerns related to their pretransplant medical status. The targeted nutrition therapy utilized pre‐, peri‐, and post‐transplantation may have the adverse effect of impeding normally developing feeding skills, particularly in very young children. Little is known about the relationship between transplantation and feeding disorders of childhood. The purpose of this study was to describe severity of feeding disorder and parental stress in patients with transplant compared to children followed in a specialty feeding clinic and the general community. Sixty‐four children, comprised of 32 children with solid organ transplant ages 2 months to 12 years and 32 matched control patients diagnosed with a feeding disorder without history of solid organ transplant, were reviewed. All children were from the Feeding, Swallowing, and Nutrition Clinic at a single children's hospital. Findings indicate that patients who received a transplant and presented with a feeding problem had worse symptoms of feeding disorder than are typically found in the general community. These feeding problems disrupt mealtime behavior, caregiver and child relationship within a mealtime context, and may result in maladaptive feeding strategies used by families. When transplanted children present with feeding disorders, they are severe and have multiple effects on both the child and the feeding dynamic between the child and the child's caregivers. Further investigation may help us to better understand the relationship between transplantation and symptoms of feeding disorder.
Incidence, clinical features, and outcomes of food allergy in children who underwent liver transplant: 16‐year experience
Authors: Barış Zeren , Köksal Burcu , Özbek Özlem , Özçay Figen , Haberal Mehmet
Published: March 2019

Food allergies often develop after liver transplant, especially in young children. However, data are scarce on clinical characteristics and patient outcomes. When we evaluated our pediatric liver transplant patients over a 16‐year period, food allergy incidence was 8% (19/236 patients). All patients with food allergies were <18 months old, with incidence in this age group of 19.2% (19/99). Two patients had a single food and 17 had multiple food allergies. Five patients showed only non‐IgE‐mediated food allergies. Eggs, milk, nuts, and wheat were the most common allergens. Presenting symptoms included diarrhea, flushing, angioedema attacks, wheezing/chronic cough, and vomiting. Seven patients had EBV, and two patients had CMV infections at time of food allergy diagnosis. Twelve patients had eosinophilia. Seven patients (36.8%) were able to regain tolerance to all food allergens. However, one patient with single nut allergy and three with multiple food allergies were still on allergen‐eliminated diets. Eight patients with multiple food allergies gained tolerance to some of the food allergens. In conclusion, food allergies in our patients were mainly against multiple foods and IgE mediated. Infections like EBV and CMV may play a role in food allergies after liver transplant, especially in pretransplant‐naive patients.
Proper fitting shoes: Reducing pain, increasing activity, and improving foot health among adults experiencing homelessness
Authors: Moes Jesse
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Foot and lower limb pain reported by many adults experiencing homelessness may be due to improper shoes and may contribute to decreased activity and physical functioning.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of proper fitting shoes on pain, activity, and foot health in adults experiencing homelessness.

Design

A pretest–posttest quasi‐experimental pilot study design was used.

Sample

Twenty‐three out of 30 enrolled participants completed the study and were mostly female, non‐Hispanic, black individuals with high school education or higher.

Measurements

Eligible participants completed surveys related to pain, foot health, and foot conditions, and a 10‐meter walking test prior to (BASELINE) and after (FINAL) the intervention.

Intervention

Participants wore properly fitted shoes for 6 weeks and were encouraged to maintain activity levels consistent with activity levels prior to receiving new shoes.

Results

Pain scores were lower at FINAL versus BASELINE. Participants reported reductions in knee, back and ankle/feet pain. Participants had significant improvements on almost all areas of foot health and had faster gait speed at FINAL versus BASELINE. Minimal changes in foot conditions were observed.

Conclusion

Proper fitting shoes improve pain, walking speed, and foot health in adults experiencing homelessness with moderate to severe pain.
Developing community relationships to enhance well‐being in a worksite wellness program
Authors: Click Elizabeth R. , Hammock Janetta M. , Omabegho Brinn , Kowal Smith Ann
Published: March 2019

Background

Wellness programs traditionally focus on achieving outcomes such as health improvement, lowered health risks, decreased absenteeism, improved morale and decreased health care costs. Many programs emphasize physical wellness with more recent inclusion of social, emotional, and environmental dimensions. That change is referenced as the migration of wellness programs into well‐being efforts.

Objective

Addressing all elements of well‐being is critical for effective wellness program delivery.

Design

Recognition of the positive impact related to community well‐being is growing in the literature. When people connect with others at work and develop positive and effective relationships across boundaries, a culture of health grows within organizations.

Results and Conclusions

This paper reviews three community well‐being initiatives implemented within one university worksite and describes the effectiveness of such programs in building community well‐being.
Salmon farming vulnerability to climate change in southern Chile: understanding the biophysical, socioeconomic and governance links
Authors: Soto Doris , León‐Muñoz Jorge , Dresdner Jorge , Luengo Carol , Tapia Fabián J. , Garreaud René
Published: March 2019

Here, we describe an assessment of climate‐change vulnerability for the salmon farming sector in southern Chile using a model that combines semi‐quantitative measures of Exposure (risks), Sensitivity (economic and social dependence) and Adaptation Capacity (measures that prevent and mitigate impacts). The evaluation was carried out in eight pilot communes representative of salmon production (marine grow‐out). Exposure was estimated with a semi‐quantitative risk assessment tool based on oceanographic, meteorological and hydrological information, mortality‐by‐cause databases, and through extended consultation with experts and relevant stakeholders. Threats included relevant changes in water temperature and salinity, declines in dissolved oxygen, occurrence of HABs, and diseases that could be associated with climate change. Based on our analysis of the data, we divided the farming regions into four sub‐regions with distinctive oceanographic properties and superimposed the sea surface warming trend and a spatial pattern of mortality by respective cause. Reduction of precipitation and the increase of air and sea surface temperature are the most relevant foreseen climate change drivers, especially for regions X and XI. The resulting vulnerability matrix indicated that communes with higher production concentrations were more exposed, which in some cases coincided with higher sensitivity and lower adaptation capacity. Our models of four management scenarios allowed us to explore the changes in vulnerability associated with a southward movement of salmon production towards the Magallanes region. By identifying new protocols to increase adaptation and reduce vulnerability in a spatially explicit fashion, we provide policy recommendations aimed at increasing climate change adaptation and the long‐term sustainability of the sector.
Does participation in global value chains extend export duration?
Authors: Zhu Xuechang , Liu Bin , Wei Qian
Published: March 2019

This paper investigates the relationship between participation in global value chains (GVCs) and export duration based on a model of discrete‐time proportional hazards. The econometric analysis relies on the merged data of Chinese Annual Survey of Industrial Firms (CASIF) database and Chinese Customs Trade Statistics (CCTS) database over the period from 2000 to 2013. Empirical results suggest that participation inGVCs could positively extend export duration and is robust to various specifications, including the samples with multiple spells, measurement error, and the alternative measure of participation inGVCs. Further studies based on heterogeneous variables demonstrate that the improvement of product quality, asset‐specific investment, and product diversity for enterprises participating inGVCs could positively extend export duration. This paper contributes to our understanding of how participation inGVCs affects export duration based on firm heterogeneity. Our results may have important implications for enterprises wishing to avoid export risks.
Supply‐limited bedform patterns and scaling downstream of a gravel–sand transition
Authors: Venditti Jeremy G. , Nittrouer Jeffrey A. , Allison Mead A. , Humphries Robert P. , Church Michael
Published: March 2019

A distinct suite of sand bedforms has been observed to occur in laboratory flows with limited sand supply. As sand supply to the bed progressively increases one observes sand ribbons, discrete barchans and, eventually, channel spanning dunes; but there are relatively few observations of this sequence from natural river channels. Furthermore, there are few observations of transitions from limited sand supply to abundant supply in the field. Bedforms developed under limited, but increasing, sand supply downstream of the abrupt gravel–sand transition in the Fraser River, British Columbia, are examined using multi‐beam swath‐bathymetry obtained at high flow. This is an ideal location to study supply‐limited bedforms because, due to a break in river slope, sand transitions from washload upstream of the gravel–sand transition to bed material load downstream. Immediately downstream, barchanoid and isolated dunes are observed. Most of the bedform field has gaps in the troughs, consistent with sand moving over a flat immobile or weakly mobile gravel bed. Linear, alongstream bedform fields (trains of transverse dunes formed on locally thick, linear deposits of sand) exhibit characteristics of sand ribbons with superimposed bedforms. Further downstream, channel spanning dunes develop where the bed is composed entirely of sand. Depth scaling of the dunes does not emerge in this data set. Only where the channel has accumulated abundant sand on the bed do the dunes exhibit scaling congruent with previous data compilations. The observations suggest that sediment supply plays an important, but often overlooked, role in bedform scaling in rivers.
Challenges in investigating patients with isolated decreased serum IgM: The SIMcal study
Authors: Janssen Lisanne M. A. , van Hout Roeland W. N. M. , de Vries Esther ,   The SIMcal Consortium
Published: March 2019

The clinical consequences of isolated decreased serum immunoglobulin (Ig)M are not sufficiently known. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the clinical policy following such a finding. Only few reported IgM‐deficient patients fulfil the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) diagnostic criteria for selective IgM deficiency (true sIgMdef), or their diagnosis is uncertain due to insufficient laboratory data (possible sIgMdef). Decreased serum IgM is often incidentally found in asymptomatic adults. The objective of our study was to further characterize true sIgMdef and to compare the European data collected through the ESID Registry community (tertiary centres) to our previously published Dutch cohort (secondary centre). Fifteen centres (12 countries) participated with 98 patients. Patients were excluded if serum IgM was only determined once (n = 14), had normalized (n = 8), or if they also had other immunological abnormalities (n = 15). Ten patients (5 adults) completely fulfilled the ESID criteria for true sIgMdef. Age‐matched cut‐off values varied widely between centres; when using the ESID diagnostic protocol reference values, only six patients (five adults) had true sIgMdef. Because of these small numbers, further analyses were performed in patients with true or possible sIgMdef (13 adults, 48 children). Respiratory infections were commonly reported at presentation (adults 54%, children 60%). Symptomatic adults had lower serum IgM levels (mean 0.27 g/L, 95% CI 0.22‐0.31) than those without symptoms (mean 0.33 g/L, 95% CI 0.30‐0.36; P = 0.02). To be able to explore the clinical consequences of true sIgMdef, we should fully analyse and accurately describe those patients in whom a decreased serum IgM is found.
“I Will Be Out There Every Day Strong!” Protest Policing and Future Activism Among Ferguson and Baltimore Protesters
Authors: Cobbina Jennifer E. , Chaudhuri Soma , Rios Victor M. , Conteh Michael
Published: March 2019

An established body of literature shows that people engage in protest events for a number of reasons, including grievances, collective identity, increased efficacy, and emotions. However, it is unclear what happens to individuals’ motivation toward protest participation as they experience the reality of repressive policing. This study contributes to the theoretical body of knowledge of protest policing and social movements by investigating the microlevel processes that affect protest participation. Specifically, we build from the insights of previous research by examining how 102 Ferguson and Baltimore protesters with varying levels of commitment—revolutionary, intermittent, tourist—experienced repressive policing and how such tactics affected their subsequent decision to engage in future activism. Our findings suggest that those with the strongest commitment toward protest goals experienced the most repressive tactics, and yet did not seem to be deterred in their motivation to be engaged in future protests. In contrast, while repressive tactics appeared to deter the less committed individuals from street protests, they remained motivated to engage in other forms of civic engagement.
Determinants of Variation in State Concealed Carry Laws, 1970–2016
Authors: Malone Chad A. , Steidley Trent
Published: March 2019

Why do some U.S. states have more permissive concealed carry weapons (CCW) laws than other states? To answer this question, this study tests several plausible social, political, and economic factors thought to affect the likelihood of this outcome over several decades. Models estimated using random‐effects ordered logistic regression reveal that theoretical accounts based on partisan politics, gendered politics, economic threat, and racial threat largely explain variation in CCW laws over time. Tests for interactions, however, reveal that the influence of gubernatorial politics varies according to Republican strength in the legislature and by region. Also, the impact of racial threat on CCW laws is dependent on the crime rate. Overall, this research advances the literature by simultaneously assessing all plausible state‐level CCW policies, incorporating novel threat and political predictors, and utilizing a larger sample size than prior studies.
Structural Inequality and Ethnic Bloc Voting*
Authors: Stewart Brandon , McGauvran Ronald J.
Published: March 2019

Objective

A large body of ethnic politics literature suggests that horizontal inequalities exacerbate ethnic conflict. However, the relationship between intergroup inequality and ethnic bloc voting behavior has escaped empirical analysis. We test the relationship between ethnic bloc voting and horizontal inequality by examining how relative disparity affects individuals’ probability of supporting the same political party as other co‐ethnics.

Methods

This project uses data from the Integrated World and European Values Survey to test the relationship between relative disparity and ethnic bloc support in ethnically polarized states from 1981 to 2006.

Results

Our findings indicate that the probability of supporting the same party as other co‐ethnics is influenced by within‐group as well as between‐group inequality, while being relatively unaffected by individual‐level income.

Conclusion

We conclude that increasing horizontal inequality, and not individual resources, leads to higher rates of ethnically polarized voting, which may lead to greater levels of ethnic conflict.
Identification of a novel allele, HLA‐DPB1*417:01:02, in an African American deceased donor
Authors: Sherrill Jeremy B. , Cereb Nezih , Ho Chak‐Sum
Published: March 2019

HLA‐DPB1*417:01:02 differs from HLA‐DPB1*417:01:01 by a synonymous nucleotide substitution at codon 43.
A novel HLA‐A allele, HLA‐A*68:01:42, identified by next‐generation sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Liu Bowen , Yu Lan , Ma Zhifang
Published: March 2019

The novel HLA‐A*68:01:42 allele differs from the closest matching allele, HLA‐A*68:01:02:02 by one nucleotide substitution.
Characterization of a novel variant allele, HLA‐C*08:125, identified in a Chinese Han individual
Authors: Yang Xiaoke , Zou Hongyan , He Liumei
Published: March 2019

The novel HLA‐C*08:125 allele differs from the closest allele C*08:02:01:01 in exon 3.
A method for the extraction of partition lines from long and narrow patches that account for structural features
Authors: Li Chengming , Dai Zhaoxin , Yin Yong , Wu Pengda
Published: March 2019

The extraction of partition lines for long and narrow patches (LN patches) is an important yet difficult problem in the generalization of thematic data. When current methods are used to process polygons with irregular shapes or complex branch convergence zones, the extracted line structural features tend to be inaccurate and topologically erroneous. In this article, we propose an improved partition lines extraction algorithm of constrained Delaunay triangulation to counter these issues. The proposed method aims to maintain consistency between the extracted line structure characteristics and the actual object structure, especially for complex branch convergence zones. First, we describe three types of aggregation patterns (Type A, B, and C aggregation zones) that occur in partition line extractions for LN patches of complex branch convergence zones using Delaunay triangulation. Then, a partition line extraction algorithm that accounts for the direction between the edges of triangles and the distance of nodes in aggregation zones is proposed. Finally, we test our method for a dataset relating to Guizhou Province, China. Compared with the current method that uses quantitative indicators and visualization, the results indicate that our method not only has applicability for simple situations but also is superior for preserving structural features of complex branch convergence zones.
Effect of a liberal versus a restrictive pre‐donation blood pressure policy on whole‐blood donor adverse reactions
Authors: Salvadori Ugo , Sandri Marco , Cemin Roberto , Al‐Khaffaf Ahmad , Daves Massimo , Maniscalco Francesco , Hueber Rudolf , Troi Christina , Griessmair Astrid , Ploner Franz , Egger Karl , Kuehebacher Gottfried , Gentilini Ivo , Vecchiato Cinzia
Published: March 2019

Background and Objectives

The role of pre‐donation blood pressure (BP) as independent contributor to post‐donation vasovagal reactions (VVRs) is still debated. Differences between a liberal (i.e., inclusion of hypotensive donors) and a restrictive policy (i.e., not accepting hypotensive donors) should be investigated. This study aims to investigate the consequences of a liberal policy in development of VVRs after whole‐blood donations.

Materials and Methods

We compared the incidence of VVRs between 2015 (restrictive policy) and 2016 (liberal policy) and the associated risk factors. We evaluated respectively 22 789 vs. 21 676 blood donations obtained from 18 001 blood donors (12 501 donated in both years).

Results

Comparing the results we obtained between 2015 and 2016, donations showed an overlap of the cohorts. Two hundred fifteen VVRs (incidence rate 0·48%) were observed, 104 (0·46%) of which in 2015, and 111 (0·51%) in 2016. A preliminary univariate analysis showed that donors with systolic BP <110 mm Hg had a two‐fold risk of VVRs compared to normotensive donors (VVR/donation rate of 0·99% vs. 0·46%; P = 0·001). The subsequent multivariable logistic regression model showed that VVRs were highly associated with weight, site of collection, age and number of donations, excluding a role for systolic and diastolic BP.

Conclusion

A liberal pre‐donation BP policy seems to be safe for blood donors. Our analysis confirms that older donors with higher body‐weight who already had donated blood are unlikely to experience VVRs.
Silencing Indigenous Knowledge Systems: Analysis of Canadian Educational, Legal and Administrative Practice
Authors: Clarysse Liana B. , A. Moore Shannon
Published: March 2019

As a result of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (or TRCC, 2015a, 2015b), calls to action concerning education and law reform have been made. Currently, there is an increase in reconciliation discourse in law, healthcare and education policy, curricula and pedagogy. In Canada, efforts to decolonize institutional structures compel scholars and activists to highlight the imperative of critical analysis of identity and place in answering the calls to action. Although it was developed by the Ministry of Education for the province of Ontario, more than a decade ago, prior to the TRCC, the First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Education Policy Framework continues to inform policy and administrative procedures. Informed by Indigenous knowledge systems embedded in restorative justice and peace-building practices, this paper presents a critical analysis of the First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Education Policy Framework (2007) and finds evidence resembling discursive settler-colonial patterns of Indigenous erasure through the practice of silencing Indigenous participation and voice. Through this critical analysis, several themes emerged including colonialism, survivance, patriarchy, self-identification, notions of education, assessment, and “us versus them” binary narratives. In response, this paper argues for a trans-systemic and transdisciplinary approach to the critical analysis of discursive patterns of silencing and erasure in policy, law reform, and administrative processes. Further, through deepening interpretations and understandings of Indigenous theory and knowledge systems, it may be possible for settler-colonial stakeholders to more acutely discern the impact of settler-colonialism embedded in education, policy, administration, and legal discourses. These findings have implications for educators and administrators as well as administrative, law and policy reform.
What Future for Policing? Some Reflections on the Concept and Purpose of Policing and Their Implications for Police Reform in England and Wales
Authors: Williams Andrew , Paterson Craig
Published: March 2019

Policing develops in different ways at different times and to differing demands in states around the world. Thus, policing and security models are established and evolve in the context of the host society. In England and Wales, modern bureaucratic policing emerged from a locally focused and administered system. Following on from this, contemporary Anglo-American policing aligns, to varying degrees, with the political, socio-cultural, legal and ideological aspects of contemporary liberal democratic society with its emphasis on democratic localism and decentralised accountability. Policing is also a field where Anglo-American and other western states provide support to transitional states with often different developmental paths. The transitional states seek, or have imposed on them (depending upon your perspective), western democratic models of policing and the policies, programmes, institutions and tactics associated with these models. This paper reviews the conceptual and theoretical assumptions that underpin thinking about policing and asks whether there is a sufficiently common philosophical and conceptual understanding of policing across nation states to support the development of policing rather than just a common understanding of police functions. This is profoundly important when considering different conceptual understandings of policing and how that is applied in support of the reform of policing in transitional states. The paper calls for a concerted effort to conceptualise a philosophical understanding of policing and its relationship to social development.
Effect of Sparring Training Model on Liver Enzymes and Muscle Damage in Boxers
Authors: Kaynar Ömer
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the acute effect of sparring training model on liver enzymes and muscle damage in boxers.14 voluntary athletes engaged in box (23.71±1.44 years of age; 167±5.89 cm; 62.05±8.89 kg) participated in the study. Sparring training model composed of warm-up (25 minutes), main part (30 minutes) and cool-down (15 minutes) exercises was applied to the boxers. The main theme of the study is composed of the free sub-stroke sparring training model in the liver region. Sparring training applied in the liver region and consisting of 3-minute time periods was repeated 3 times with a 1-minute interval as in the punch bag training. In venous blood samples taken from the study group before and after sparring training, AST, ALT and GGT enzyme activities and CK and LDH levels were analyzed with the spectrophotometric method in Beckman Coulter AU 5800 auto analyzer. Data were analyzed in SPSS 22.0 package program. The significance level was accepted as p<0.05 in statistical evaluations. Normal distribution of data was determined with Shapiro-Wilk test. Paired t-test was used in the statistical analysis of normally distributed data. Comparing AST, ALT, GGT, LDH and CK values of boxers before and after the training, it has been observed that there is a significant increase in AST, LDH and CK values after the training (p<0.05) and significant decrease in GGT values (p<0.05) while there is no significant difference in ALT values (p>0.05). In conclusion, it has been determined that sparring training model applied to boxers affects liver enzyme levels in them and significant increases occur in CK and LDH. More comprehensive prospective studies are required in order to establish the possible damage of punches to the liver region on liver in boxers.
Investigation of the Evangelism of Sport Team’s Attitudes of the High School Students
Authors: Küçükibiş Hüseyin Fatih , Yurtsızoğlu Zühal
Published: March 2019

Developments in the sports industry have increased rivalry, professional sports clubs have moved towards economic activities in order to maintain their existence and have started to act like a business. Understanding the tendencies of the sports club fans, where the sports clubs interact intensively, will play a key role in the development of the sport. The aim of this study was to determine the sports team evangelism attitudes of high school students and to examine the evangelist behaviours. The research group consists of a total of 376 students in high school in Sivas. A descriptive qualitative survey model was used in the study. In order to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants, the eight-item personal information form, and the 12-item Sport Team Evangelism Scale which were developed by Dwyer, Greenhalgh and LeCrom (2015) and adapted to Turkish by Yüksekbilgili (2017) were used. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation values were used for data analysis. Normality tests of the data were performed and Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis H test were used to compare the variables that did not show normal distribution. According to the findings, it was observed that sport team evangelism levels differed statistically according to the participants' gender, the number of teams they went to, the frequencies of going to matches, the way they followed the matches, and the way to go away. It is seen that the level of evangelism of the sports team of the participants is moderate. Clubs are advised to develop marketing and marketing strategies for products and services, taking into account the profile and evangelist tendencies of the fans.
The Effect of Static Balance Exercises on Reaction Time in Sedentary Female Students
Authors: Acar Hakan , Genç Ayça
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of 8 week static balance exercises on reaction time. 38 sedentary female students voluntarily participated in the study. The volunteers were selected randomly and were separated into 2 groups as the experiment group (n=19) and the control group (n=19). While the experiment group participated in static balance exercises in their physical education lessons for 8 weeks, the control group only participated in the physical education lessons. The visual and auditory reaction times of the samples were carried out with the Newtest 1000 device as pre-test and post-test. The data were evaluated with the SPSS 20.0 statistical software program and since there was no normal distribution, the wilcoxon signed rank test which is one of the non-parametrical tests was carried out and the significance level was determined as p<0.05. The age average of the volunteers (n=38), was determined as 15.8±1,50 years, height averages as 160,3±5,48 cm and body weight averages as 53,33±7,50 kg. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was found that there was no significant differences in either of the groups between the pre-rest and post-test visual and auditory reactions (p>0.05). As a result, it was determined that 8 week balance tests did not affect the visual and auditory reaction times of the female students.
Pre-Service Social Studies Teachers’ Views About Teacher Training (Focus Group Interviews)
Authors: İlgaz Selçuk
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is to reveal the pre-service social studies teachers’ opinions about teacher training. This study is carried out via qualitative research method. The study group consisted of 6 4th year students studying in the department of social studies teaching in Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty of Ataturk University in 2018-2019 academic year. The data obtained with focus group interview technique was analysed via content analysis.Considering the results, the pre-service teachers argued that the purposes of the education faculties were to graduate students or only tell subjects based on memorization. According to the pre-service teachers, education faculties generally fail in teacher training. They stated that only existing applied courses would make contributions to their professional experience. In addition to this, they mentioned focusing more attention on practices and stated that the training practices should be increased. They determined that the courses in social studies program should be redesigned according to their functionality.
Teachers’ Values: An International Study of What Sustains a Fulfilling Life in Education
Authors: Barnes Jonathan M
Published: March 2019

The recruitment and retention ‘crises’ in US and UK teaching have major and negative implications for the future of education. This pilot study uses extended conversations with Asian and African teaching staff to examine the role of values in helping teachers sustain positive contributions to children’s lives and world. In five elementary schools, the researcher asked: What is the role of personal values in recruiting, retaining, sustaining and building the creative capacity of teachers? The study found that a close alignment of institutional and individual values generated strong positive impacts on teacher fulfillment and resilience. It further suggests that by using their own autobiographical ‘values-stories’, teachers could advance personal values and build their capacity to contribute. The article proposes implications for all education departments, universities and schools seeking to address declining rates of teacher recruitment and retention. Recommendations include greater attention to the values that bring individuals to education, a steer towards using values-stories across the curriculum and a focus on ‘Big Issues’ in Initial Teacher Education.
Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for p-convex stochastic processes
Authors: Okur Nurgul , Işcan Imdat , Yuksek Dizdar Emine
Published: March 2019

In this study are investigated p-convex stochastic processes which are extensions of convex stochastic processes. A suitable example is also given for this process. In addition, in this case a p-convex stochastic process is increasing or decreasing, the relation with convexity is revealed. The concept of inequality as convexity has an important place in literature, since it provides a broader setting to study the optimization and mathematical programming problems. Therefore, Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for p-convex stochastic processes and some boundaries for these inequalities are obtained in present study. It is used the concept of mean-square integrability for stochastic processes to obtain the above mentioned results.
Simulation of glucose regulating mechanism with an agent-based software engineering tool
Authors: Emek Sevcan , Evren Vedat , Bora Şebnem
Published: March 2019

This study provides a detailed explanation of a regulating mechanism of the blood glucose levels by an agent-based software engineering tool. Repast Simphony which is used in implementation of this study is an agent-based software engineering tool based on the object-oriented programming using Java language. Agent-based modeling and simulation is a computational methodology for simulating and exploring phenomena that includes a large set of active components represented by agents. The agents are main components situated in space and time of agent-based simulation environment. In this study, we present hormonal regulation of blood glucose levels by our improved agent-based control mechanism. Hormonal regulation of blood glucose levels is an important process to maintain homeostasis inside the human body. We offer a negative feedback control mechanism with agent-based modeling approach to regulate the secretion of insulin hormone which is responsible for increasing the blood glucose levels. The negative feedback control mechanism run by three main agents that interact with each other to perform their local actions in the simulation environment. The result of this study shows the local behavior of the agents in the negative feedback loop and illustrates how to balance the blood glucose levels. Finally, this study which is thought a potential implementation of agent-based modeling and simulation may contribute to the exploration of other homeostatic control systems inside the human body.
Impact of lifestyle modification on absolute cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Kariuki Jacob K. , Yamnia Cortes I. , Imes Christopher C. , Weiss Patricia M. , Engberg Sandra J.
Published: March 2019

Objective:

The objective of this review is to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of lifestyle-based interventions for reducing absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Introduction:

Cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines recommend tailoring the choice and intensity of preventive interventions based on absolute CVD risk score. Several studies employing lifestyle-based interventions to mitigate CVD risk have reported heterogeneous outcomes, necessitating a systematic review to provide an exhaustive summary of current evidence.

Inclusion criteria:

Eligible studies will include individuals at high-risk of CVD who are at least 18 years of age, with no history of CVD at baseline, regardless of sex, ethnicity and socio-economic status. Studies that compare lifestyle-based intervention to no intervention or usual care will be included. The outcome of interest is change in absolute CVD risk from baseline to post-intervention. Experimental and quasi-experimental study designs will be included.

Methods:

Searches will be conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL from the inception of each database. The search for gray literature will include ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Grey Literature Report, Web of Science, BIOSIS Previews and the Proceedings database. Selected studies will be critically appraised by two independent reviewers at the study level for methodological quality. Extracted data will include details about the interventions, populations, study methods and outcomes of significance to the review question and objectives. Where possible, papers will be pooled in statistical meta-analysis. Effect sizes will be expressed as either odds ratios or standardized mean differences, and their 95% confidence intervals will be calculated for analysis.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42017073543
Non-pharmacological interventions for acute pain management in patients with opioid abuse or opioid tolerance: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hargett Jennifer L. , Criswell Amanda C.
Published: March 2019

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map the evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for acute pain management in patients with opioid tolerance and opioid abuse.

Introduction:

The mainstay of pain management for adults experiencing moderate to severe acute pain is opioid therapy. However, in light of the known risks of opioid use and the growing number of patients with opioid tolerance or opioid abuse, non-pharmacological interventions are of increasing interest to healthcare providers. Non-pharmacological techniques have shown potential in reducing postoperative pain, opioid consumption, stress and anxiety.

Inclusion criteria:

Eligible studies will include participants in a hospital or healthcare facility who are experiencing acute pain and have a tolerance to or dependence on opioids. Studies that examine non-pharmacological interventions for treating acute pain in these patients will be considered. Non-pharmacological interventions may include, but are not limited to, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, massage, mindfulness, electroanalgesia, laser therapy, low-level light therapy, meditation, biofeedback, hypnosis and relaxation techniques. Only studies published in English will be included, and there will be no limit on dates of publication.

Methods:

PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Europe PubMed Central, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov will be searched, as well as sources of unpublished studies. After screening the titles and abstracts of identified citations, two independent reviewers will retrieve potentially relevant full-text studies, assess methodological quality and extract data. Data will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form, and a qualitative thematic analysis will be undertaken. A narrative summary will accompany the tabulated results.
Including uncertainties in multi-criteria decision-making: a superfluous task or a requirement?
Authors: Galarza-Molina Sandra , Torres Andres
Published: March 2019

Objective: This paper aims to assess cases where it is necessary to include uncertainties in decision-making input data. Materials and Methods: Three case studies with different numbers of alternatives and different numbers and natures of criteria were evaluated. The CRIDE tool [39] was used to include uncertainties in the input data. Results and Discussion: The results obtained showed that for more difficult decision-making problems, the inclusion of variations in input data could change the final decision, while for less challenging problems, it is unnecessary to take uncertainties into account. Conclusions: These findings could be useful for decision-makers in obtaining more accurate results or in saving time and money related to input data acquisition.
Operational supply chain risk identification and prioritization from SCOR model
Authors: Ramos Ríos Jenifer , Manotas Duque Diego Fernando , Osorio Gómez Juan Carlos
Published: March 2019

Objective: This study aims to propose a methodology that identifies and prioritizes the operational risk factors in a supply chain (SC) to provide a tool according to the process-based SC approach that is useful for risk assessment throughout the SC. Materials and methods: Risk identification was conducted by a scenario analysis, which linked the risk factors with the standard key performance indicators (KPIs) of the processes and logistics activities proposed by the supply chain operational reference model (SCORM o SCOR). These influence relationships were quantified using a proposed scale, and then, the risk factors were prioritized by the definition of their influence levels. This approach was applied to a real SC. Results and discussion: Twenty risk factors were clearly and effectively identified, analyzed and prioritized, and priority was given to those with the highest influence level, which can be understood as the risk factors that have a larger capacity to negatively affect SC performance. Conclusions: The methodology allows the identification of the most influential risk factors in a SC, and as it is based on a standard model, it fosters a collaborative analysis among its echelons. The main contributions of this paper are the risk identification by means of the KPIs of the SCOR model and the measurement of their influence levels, which is a new and useful feature for risk prioritization.
Reconciliation of the Rosen and Laue theories of special relativity in a linear dielectric medium
Authors: Crenshaw Michael E.
Published: March 2019

The theory of dielectric special relativity was derived by Laue from a fundamental physical basis in Einstein's special relativity and the relativistic velocity sum rule. The Laue theory is experimentally verified by the Fizeau water tube experiment. In contrast, the Rosen version of dielectric special relativity was derived heuristically and has no experimental validation. Consequently, the Rosen theory and its consequences are mostly ignored in the scientific literature and there is little to no discussion about the incompatibility of the two theories of relativity in a dielectric. In this article, the Laue theory is developed from boundary conditions using inertial reference frames moving at constant velocity along the interface between a simple linear dielectric medium and the vacuum. Then, the Rosen theory is derived in the context of inertial frames of reference moving at constant velocity in the interior of an arbitrarily large linear isotropic homogeneous dielectric medium. These derivations show that the Laue and Rosen theories of dielectric special relativity are both correct but have different regimes of applicability. The Rosen theory applies to physics in the interior of a simple linear dielectric and the Laue theory is used to relate these physics to a Laboratory Frame of Reference in the vacuum where measurements can be performed.
The geomorphology, color, and thermal properties of Ryugu: Implications for parent-body processes
Authors: Sugita S. , Honda R. , Morota T. , Kameda S. , Sawada H. , Tatsumi E. , Yamada M. , Honda C. , Yokota Y. , Kouyama T. , Sakatani N. , Ogawa K. , Suzuki H. , Okada T. , Namiki N. , Tanaka S. , Iijima Y. , Yoshioka K. , Hayakawa M. , Cho Y. , Matsuoka M. , Hirata N. , Hirata N. , Miyamoto H. , Domingue D. , Hirabayashi M. , Nakamura T. , Hiroi T. , Michikami T. , Michel P. , Ballouz R.-L. , Barnouin O. S. , Ernst C. M. , Schröder S. E. , Kikuchi H. , Hemmi R. , Komatsu G. , Fukuhara T. , Taguchi M. , Arai T. , Senshu H. , Demura H. , Ogawa Y. , Shimaki Y. , Sekiguchi T. , Müller T. G. , Hagermann A. , Mizuno T. , Noda H. , Matsumoto K. , Yamada R. , Ishihara Y. , Ikeda H. , Araki H. , Yamamoto K. , Abe S. , Yoshida F. , Higuchi A. , Sasaki S. , Oshigami S. , Tsuruta S. , Asari K. , Tazawa S. , Shizugami M. , Kimura J. , Otsubo T. , Yabuta H. , Hasegawa S. , Ishiguro M. , Tachibana S. , Palmer E. , Gaskell R. , Le Corre L. , Jaumann R. , Otto K. , Schmitz N. , Abell P. A. , Barucci M. A. , Zolensky M. E. , Vilas F. , Thuillet F. , Sugimoto C. , Takaki N. , Suzuki Y. , Kamiyoshihara H. , Okada M. , Nagata K. , Fujimoto M. , Yoshikawa M. , Yamamoto Y. , Shirai K. , Noguchi R. , Ogawa N. , Terui F. , Kikuchi S. , Yamaguchi T. , Oki Y. , Takao Y. , Takeuchi H. , Ono G. , Mimasu Y. , Yoshikawa K. , Takahashi T. , Takei Y. , Fujii A. , Hirose C. , Nakazawa S. , Hosoda S. , Mori O. , Shimada T. , Soldini S. , Iwata T. , Abe M. , Yano H. , Tsukizaki R. , Ozaki M. , Nishiyama K. , Saiki T. , Watanabe S. , Tsuda Y.
Published: March 2019

Hayabusa2 at the asteroid Ryugu

Asteroids fall to Earth in the form of meteorites, but these provide little information about their origins. The Japanese mission Hayabusa2 is designed to collect samples directly from the surface of an asteroid and return them to Earth for laboratory analysis. Three papers in this issue describe the Hayabusa2 team's study of the near-Earth carbonaceous asteroid 162173 Ryugu, at which the spacecraft arrived in June 2018 (see the Perspective by Wurm). Watanabe
et al.
measured the asteroid's mass, shape, and density, showing that it is a “rubble pile” of loose rocks, formed into a spinning-top shape during a prior period of rapid spin. They also identified suitable landing sites for sample collection. Kitazato
et al.
used near-infrared spectroscopy to find ubiquitous hydrated minerals on the surface and compared Ryugu with known types of carbonaceous meteorite. Sugita
et al.
describe Ryugu's geological features and surface colors and combined results from all three papers to constrain the asteroid's formation process. Ryugu probably formed by reaccumulation of rubble ejected by impact from a larger asteroid. These results provide necessary context to understand the samples collected by Hayabusa2, which are expected to arrive on Earth in December 2020.

Science
, this issue p.
268
, p.
272
, p.
eaaw0422
; see also p.
230
Regulation of type I interferon: It’s HIP to be K2
Authors: Best Sonja M. , Ponia Sanket S.
Published: March 2019

The DNA damage kinase HIPK2 also activates interferon gene transcription (Cao
et al
., in 19 March 2019 issue).
Diverse bacterial nucleotide signals
Authors: Foley John F.
Published: March 2019

Bacterial enzymes synthesize a range of different cyclic nucleotides that activate distinct host cell receptors.