JUSTIFICATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE CRANE WHEEL WITH ELASTIC INSERT
Authors: Fidrovska Nataliia , Slepuzhnikov Evgen , Ponomarenko Roman , Kozodoi Dmytro 
Published: October 2021

The article considers the modernized design of the crane running wheel with anelastic insert.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the rational design of the running wheel onthe basis of determining the dynamic forces that occur when moving the truck and the crane bridge.Crane equipment is of great importance for the mechanization of lifting and transportoperations in various industries. Bridge cranes perform various lifting and transport operations.Installation and dismantling of equipment and machines. Also take part in the technologicalprocess of the metallurgical industry.The costs associated with the replacement and restoration of the running wheels are 15-17%of the cost of repairing the entire crane. At the same time more than 90% of crane wheels fail due towear of flanges.The main tasks for the diagnosis of crane wheels and rail tracks are usually solved duringscheduled maintenance by visual inspection of the wheel and rail and identify their wear. But thisdiagnostic tool does not quite satisfy the modern conditions of the cranes, namely, the compatiblecondition of the wheels and rails is not assessed, and it is impossible to carry out such controlconstantly during operation.Mechanisms for moving bridge cranes have several designs. The mechanism for moving thetruck, as a rule, has one drive, which transmits motion to the two drive wheels. The mechanisms ofmovement of the crane can be with the central and separate drive. The mechanisms of movement with the central drive can be with a low-speed transmission shaft, with a high-speed transmissionshaft and with a medium-speed transmission shaft.With this design, the gearbox shafts are connected to the drive wheel shaft by means of aclutch and a transmission shaft. This impairs the operation of the entire mechanism, because thepresence of the transmission shaft increases the complexity of the manufacture of the crane and itsweight and requires a very precise installation.To overcome these shortcomings, a separate drive of the end beams of the bridge is used.If the load on one of the support beams of the bridge is less than on the other, the enginespeed on this support increases and the support begins to run forward relative to the more loadedsupport. But the first engine begins to receive increased load, which is transmitted through themetal structure of the bridge and unloads the engine of the second support, due to which the speedof the first engine decreases and the speed of the second engine increases until they are equalized.Thus, in the process of moving the crane with a separate drive is the redistribution of loadbetween the two engines. Although the scheme of the mechanism with separate drives requires twoengines, two brakes and two gearboxes, it is the cheapest, light weight and easy to manufacture.The design of running wheels of cranes and crane carts should exclude a possibility ofderailment of wheels. To do this, the running wheels have two side flanges - flanges, which serve toguide the running wheels on the rails.The dynamic forces that arise when moving the trucks of cranes are quite large and cannot beignored when designing cranes. Most of all, they are manifested by wear of wheels and rails duringthe occurrence of distortions on the cranes.Thus, improving the performance and operational reliability of crane running wheels is avery important task of modern crane construction.The research technique is based on analytical methods of research of dynamic efforts in themechanism of movement of the truck of the bridge crane. The decision of three mass dynamicschemes of movement of the cargo cart is received.The analysis of the received decisions showed that at application of a running wheel with anelastic insert, dynamic factors at movement of the truck decreases. Dependences for determinationof dynamic forces which arise at movement of a running crane wheel taking into account rigidity ofan elastic ring which is inserted into a running wheel are received. The design and a technique ofcalculation of a running crane wheel with the vulcanized ring are offered.