bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-Editing a Google Translated Output: Experienced Translators vs. Trainees
Authors: Khoury Ogareet , Alkhawaja Linda , Ghnaim Feda , Awwad Sirine , Dudeen Haifa
Published: June 2024

The present empirical study reports on an experiment in which 20 participants (actual job applicants) were asked to post-edit a 394-word legal Google translated text (GTT) to investigate the type of post edits done in relation to the quality of the product as assessed by the recruitment test assessors in the translation service provider. For the purposes of the empirical research, participants were categorized in two groups; translators with practical experience between 3-5 years and trainees (recent translation graduates) with no practical experience. Assessors at the translation service provider used LISA QA model 3.1 version for quality assessment. The three factors investigated by assessors were time spent on the task, number and type of changes (post-edits) as well as the quality of the final post-edited text based on errors committed in the post-editing (PE). Results reveal a correlation between the type and number of edits done by participants and the quality of the final output and consequently a correlation between practical experience and the quality of the post-edited output. The research unveils some areas that need to be improved in the study plans at the translator training programs in Jordan, particularly in relation to PE efficiency. Results also imply that general experience in translation may not be enough to excel in post-editing specialized texts that require special knowledge in a given subject matter.
Subverting Gender Bias: "The Manly Woman" in Ahdaf Soueif's The Map of Love
Authors: Maqableh Safa'a A.
Published: June 2024

This paper examines the representations of the white woman in cross-cultural marriage in Ahdaf Soueif's The Map of Love in a contemporary deconstructive theory. The paper applies Judith Butler's revolutionary theory of gender and identity constructivism and performativity to clarify how the protagonist fights the gender norms and performances by having masculinity codes as a revolting means for emancipation. The paper tends to explore how colonial hegemony can create a cultural distance which is forced against the white woman by this marriage. It investigates the sociopolitical spatial divisions through the eye of the white woman who struggles because she chooses an ethnic husband. The paper applies a feminist theoretical framework to describe the prejudice and bias that appear after this marriage. "The manly woman" is the white woman who wears masculine features to subvert and oppose the gender bias which applies to her femininity.
Understanding EFL Students’ Processing of Idiomatic Expressions Out of Context: Insights Gained From Think-Alouds
Authors: Aljabri Sameer S.
Published: June 2024

The current study examines how EFL students confront the difficulty of comprehending English idioms without supportive context. It aims to study the online processing strategies Saudi EFL learners employ when giving the meaning of English idioms. The Idiom Recognition Test (IRT) and Think-aloud protocol were used to vary and measure the idiom's difficulty and to analyze the processing of the idiom immediately after visual perception. Twenty frequently used idioms representing formal and informal English were selected. They were of three types: English idioms, which have identical forms and meanings of Arabic equivalents; English idioms, which have similar forms and meanings of Arabic equivalents; and English idioms, which differ from Arabic idioms. Results showed that most of the participants had difficulty interpreting the English idioms. Moreover, participants most often drew on the literal meaning, using the compositional parts of the idiom. Referring to an L1 idiom was the second most successful strategy but the fourth most often employed out of the six strategies. The third most effective strategy was background knowledge, yet it was the least used overall. Consequently, the results support all the idiom processing models that emphasize the literal meaning over the figurative one.
Breed, parity number and location effects on productive and reproductive parameters in bovine dairy herds
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Rúa-Giraldo Cristian-Camilo ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia, López-Herrera Albeiro ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ruiz-Cortés Tatiana ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: June 2024

Background: Both productive and reproductive parameters of dairy cattle in the high tropics can be affected by various factors related to management, but also by specific factors such as breed, calving, and herd location. Objective: To sample productive and reproductive data from specialized dairy herds in the Province of Antioquia (Colombia),in order to analyze the effects of breed, calving, and location on the efficiency of dairy herds. Methods: Productive and reproductive information was obtained from 5,440 records of cows of various breeds and crosses that had between 1 and 11 calvings. The animals belonged to 57 herds from 16 municipalities from the Province of Antioquia in three regions (North-N, East-E and Valle de Aburrá-V) dedicated to milk production. The variables analyzed were milk production adjusted to 305 days (PLa), kilograms of protein per lactation (KgPRO), kilograms of fat per lactation (KgF); somatic cell score (SCS), number of services per conception (S/C), mean days open (DO), and calving interval in days (CI). The independent variables collected in the field were associated with the aforementioned parameters through a generalized linear model (GLM). Results: The average PLa was 5,492.6 (±1,027.2) kg/lactation, for KgPROa and KgFa values were 177.1 (±29.5) and 215.1 (±37.1) kg/lactation, respectively; for SCS an average value of 3.62 (±1.6) was found. The results of the reproductive parameters were S/C of 2.02 (±1.4), CI of 385.7 (±52.8) days and for DO it was 110.9 (±55.4) days. The Ayrshire-Holstein crossbred cows, which were located in region V, presented lower PLa (58%); Holstein cows in their third parturition presented lower PLa (31%), somewhat similar to the decrease in PLa in Ayrshire in the second calving (56%); also, decreased milk production was detected in Angus x Holstein cows (46% less PLa) and in Brown Swiss breed in region V, with 41% less milk per lactation. The KgFa data decreased when compared to the general average with values of 172.9±24.7 kg for the Holstein breed, 132.5±46.2 Kg in Ayrshire x Holstein cross breeds in the E region and 102.2±26.5 kg in Ayrshire x Jersey cows. The longest CI was significantly (p<0.05) associated with the third parity and with the Holstein breed (37% increase) and with the BON x Holstein cross (57% increase). Conclusions: The results obtained in the specialized dairy cows of the three regions analyzed indicated that the productive and reproductive parameters are variable and there are multiple independent variables, such as breed, parity number and location, which when interacting lead to a decrease or increase in the parameters of interest.
THE EFFECT OF DIVIDED TOP-DRESSING APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENT NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Irmak Hakan , Balkan Alpay
Published: June 2024

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different divided top-dressing applications of different nitrogen fertilizers on grain yield and quality traits of four bread wheat varieties (Selimiye, Esperia, Gelibolu and Rumeli). The experiment was conducted in a randomized split-plot design with 3 replicates during the 2017 and 2018 seasons. In the experiment, varieties were allotted as main plots and top-dressing applications were allotted as subplots. Five different pure nitrogen (N) top-dressing applications were done in the form of urea and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) at the beginning of tillering, the end of tillering, the beginning of stem elongation and the end of stem elongation stages. Grain yield, thousand kernel weight, test weight, protein content, wet gluten content, gluten index, Zeleny sedimentation value and delayed sedimentation value were investigated in the study. Gelibolu variety for grain yield, Rumeli and Esperia varieties for grain quality were prominent. The considering the ease of application for grain yield and quality, 2nd application (80 kg ha-1 pure N in the form of urea at the beginning of tillering, 40 kg ha-1 pure N in the form of urea at the beginning of stem elongation) can be proposed in the years when April and May rainfalls are sufficient, and 3rd application ( 40 kg ha-1 pure N in the form of urea at the beginning of tillering, 40 kg ha-1 pure N in the form of urea at the end of tillering, 40 kg ha-1 pure N in the form of CAN at the beginning of stem elongation) can be proposed in the years when April and May rainfalls are insufficient.
Sanctuary as a moving practice
Authors: Meijers Erica
Published: June 2024

In the winter of 2018–2019, a refugee family threatened with deportation from the Netherlands, found sanctuary in a church in The Hague. The police weren’t allowed to enter the building during a church service; this led to a period of three-month non-stop worshipping, causing vivid debates in both church and society. The sanctuary brought together the public presence of faith, often expressed in diaconal work, and the hidden, intimate spirituality that is associated with worshipping. Words usually spoken during Sunday services, and deeds frequently performed out of sight in diaconal practices, met during the sanctuary, brought together by political policy. This situation makes the sanctuary suitable to explore the dynamics between Diaconia, Liturgy and Politics, the three constitutional elements of the sanctuary in The Hague. The results are based on research in the archives of the sanctuary and empirical research during and after the sanctuary, interviewing both organizers and participants about their experience within this triangle. The article aims to find some answers to the question how diaconal theology contribute to a Church which is relevant in public life. First, the article describes the sanctuary as a diaconal practice in relation to its political context, it then turns to the role of Liturgy during the sanctuary, and finally it envisions the connection between Liturgy and Diaconia in the particular political context of the sanctuary.
Evaluation of Cutting Parameters on Heat-Affected Zone in Wood Plastic Composites by Pulsed Fiber Laser
Authors:   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Domadia Mohd Khairul , Ismail Mohd Idris Shah ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Yusof Mohd Zuhri Mohamed ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Pisal Mohd Hanif Mohd ,   Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia,   Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization (CoEBU), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

Biodegradable and environmentally friendly composite materials such as wood plastic composites (WPCs) have gained attention in industrial applications due to environmental concerns and global sustainability goals. However, owing to their unique structures and properties, cutting on WPCs can be challenging. Continuous wave (CW) mode laser may result in heat build-up and easily warp the WPCs during laser cutting. Therefore, minimizing these defects and determining the cutting parameters that influence the heat-affected zone (HAZ) by pulsed mode laser is essential. In this present work, 1 mm thickness of WPC 30 wt.% of wood fiber (WF) filled with recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) has been experimentally cut by single-mode pulsed fiber laser to evaluate the minimum laser energy required to cut the WPC and the influence of cutting parameters on the HAZ. The HAZ was measured using a digital microscope, and the statistical significance of the cutting parameters to HAZ was determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results confirmed that a minimum linear energy of more than 9 J/mm is required to cut the WPC. It has been found that the cutting speed is the major influence on the HAZ, followed by pulse width. Adequate interaction time by cutting speed and duration of the single-laser pulse also significantly affects the cutting process. The higher gas pressure could minimize the HAZ at the surrounding cutting region of the WPCs. Understanding the influence of these parameters could minimize the thermal effect of HAZ and improve the laser cut quality.
Fabrication And Characterization of Porous 3D Polymer Bioceramic Scaffold for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors:   Center of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Lee Song See , Shanmugananthaa Lohashenpahan ,   Center of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Sulong Abu Bakar ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia, Yusof Mohd Reusmaazran ,   Material Technology Group, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43300, Selangor, Malaysia, Hamid Muhammad Azmi Abdul ,   Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, L. Muhamud Rahimi ,   RS Advance Technology Sdn Bhd, Bkt. Raja Industrial Estate, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia., Hwei Ng Min ,   Center of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

This technical paper explains the fabrication and chacterization method of a three-dimensional bone scaffold composed of porous bioceramics and natural polymers for bone tissue engineering applications. In brief, hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) were mixed in a 7:3 ratio and fabricated as the porous bioceramic framework, while gelatin or collagen was used as an additional polymer on the bioceramic framework. Various techniques have been explored for creating pores within the bone scaffold. Micro-computed tomography scan results demonstrate that sacrificial template and binder techniques successfully produce uniform porous bone scaffolds. The average porosity for the scaffolds (n=6) is 52.36% ± 3.2, with 51.27% ± 3.3 being interconnected. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirm that there is no characteristic chemical structure transformation in the bioceramic. The PO₄³⁻ and HPO₄³⁻ groups are retained in the HA/β-TCP bioceramic after sintering at a high temperature of 1300°C. Polymers are successfully incorporated into the porous bioceramic framework through negative pressure followed by positive pressure. Mechanical testing results show that the maximum compressive strength of the collagen-free bioceramic framework is 1.750 ± 0.212 MPa, while the collagen-containing bioceramic framework is higher at 1.905 ± 0.007 MPa. The corresponding maximum compressive strain for the collagen-free bioceramic framework is 1.565 ± 0.757%, whereas the collagen-containing bioceramic framework is approximately three times higher, at 5.540 ± 1.032%. In conclusion, the porous HA/β-TCP bioceramic scaffold is compatible with tissue engineering applications and can enhance the mechanical strength of the bioceramic scaffold to resemble cancellous bone mechanical strength.
An In-depth Review of the Critical Water Analysis Parameter and Water Quality Management Technology in Cage Aquaculture within Malaysian Coastal Regions
Authors:   School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Hambali Norhafini , Mohd Yusof Ab Aziz ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Johor Branch, Pasir Gudang Campus, Malaysia, Sabri Nurul Hazwani ,   aSchool of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Johor Branch, Pasir Gudang Campus, Malaysia, Abdol Jani Wan Nur Fazlina ,   School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Johor Branch, Pasir Gudang Campus, Malaysia, Abdullah Mohammad ,   School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Johor Branch, Pasir Gudang Campus, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

Cage fish farming in Malaysia's coastal areas is a significant industry that provides food and income for local communities. Since the country's catch-fishing resources have been fully exploited, there is a huge market for developing the aquaculture industry to increase fish output and supply. However, disease outbreaks, pollution, and environmental degradation must be addressed to ensure sustainable and environmentally responsible practices. This can result in increased stress levels and susceptibility to diseases, ultimately impacting the overall well-being of fish populations within the aquatic ecosystem. Water quality plays a crucial role in fish farming as it significantly impacts the health and productivity of fish. However, the specific critical water analysis parameters that are most relevant to cage aquaculture in Malaysian coastal regions have not been comprehensively identified and defined, leading to uncertainties in monitoring and managing water quality. In the past, water quality detection needed manual sampling and laboratory analysis, which were time-consuming and resource intensive. This traditional approach cannot deliver real-time data. This literature examines the important water analysis parameters and contemporary technology that has the potential to be adopted by fish farmers in Malaysia and addresses the financial implications of such an adoption. The review protocol started by selecting the relevant literature and several important things were considered during the selection process. The identification and definition of critical water analysis parameters emerge as fundamental to effective water quality monitoring and management in cage aquaculture. By delineating these parameters, we can tailor monitoring strategies using recent technologies to the unique environmental conditions of Malaysian coastal regions, thus enabling more precise interventions when deviations occur.
Rice Straw Valorization for Bioenergy Potential in Southeast Asia: A Brief Review on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Perspective
Authors:   Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia, Firdaus Rihana , Harun Siti Norliyana ,   Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia,, M. Hanafiah Marlia ,   Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia,,   Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohamed Peer ,   Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia, Ahmad Irfana Kabir ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

The large amount of rice straw production in Southeast Asia presents both challenges and opportunities for sustainable environmental management. Improper rice straw management poses significant environmental challenges, prompting interest in utilizing it for bioenergy production as a sustainable solution. However, a comprehensive understanding of the environmental implications throughout the entire lifecycle of rice straw utilization is poorly understood. A comprehensive approach of life cycle assessment (LCA) could provide valuable information concerning the environmental impact of rice straw utilisation for bioenergy. Therefore, this study attempts to provide a brief overview of the LCA of rice straw utilisation as a source of bioenergy in Southeast Asia. Several search engines and databases, including Springer, Web of Science, and Scopus, were used to select the articles for this review. These searching strategies involve three main processes: identification, screening, and eligibility. Following those process, a total of 13 articles were included in this review. The findings indicated that biochemical conversion pathways for producing bioethanol and biogas yield the greatest environmental benefits notably through greenhouse gas emissions reduction. This highlights the potential of rice straw bioenergy as a promising avenue for mitigating the impacts of climate change by curbing GHG emissions. In summary, this research underscores the significance of comprehending the holistic environmental implications of rice straw utilization for bioenergy, emphasizing the potential of specific conversion pathways to contribute to sustainable rice straw management and climate change mitigation in Southeast Asia, encouraging further research in this field for practice refinement and widespread adoption.
Analysis on Chemical and Physical Properties of Dried Sago Bagasse
Authors:   Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi Selangor, Malaysia, Ahmad Nadzri Nur Izzati Husna , Ali Othman Nur Tantiyani ,   Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi Selangor, Malaysia, Rosli Masli Irwan ,   Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi Selangor, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

The uncontrollable of sago bagasse waste from sago industry production become an environmental issue as it just dumping directly into nearby rivers which can affect a river pollution if not treated well. As it still has about 70% starch content, it has a potential to be converted to the others value-added product such as animal feed. However, before it can be converted to others product, it should go through a drying process to reduce its higher moisture content (90 wt.%), as well to prevent any micro bacteria growth and for long lasting packaging. Thus, this study focused on the evaluation of drying process at T=70 and 80 °C on reducing of its final moisture content by using three drying approaches: fluidized bed dryer (FBD), micro-oven and direct sunlight drying. Then, these samples of dried sago were analysed to determine its properties of starch, fibre, and ash, as well to study its functional organic chemical group by using Fourier infrared transform (FTIR) method. The results show the reduction of sago water content by FBD shown a significant result as compared to others drying methods as the FBD method produces a good solid mixed between particles. Besides, the drying rate using the FBD was achieved in a shorter time within 30 min as compared to oven which within 2 hours and sunlight drying within 6 days to achieve similar final desired moisture content at 11 wt.%. The analysis on the starch properties using the FBD was also almost 75% more higher than oven, which is about 70% starch content. Moreover, the presence of starch was successful proven by the presence of acrylic acid at a wavelength of 1539.72 cm-1 for FBD sample by using FTIR. In addition, using the FBD, the sago waste can maintain its quality as an animal feed by reached a brightness level, W1 as compared to the slurry sago waste where the dried sago using FBD is 58.78%, meanwhile the fresh slurry sago waste is 93.31%. In conclusion, the sago drying in the FBD at T=80 °C was selected as the optimum drying condition as it had achieved a short drying rate for desired final 11 wt.% moisture content and resulted in better on the chemical and physical analysis.
Thermodynamic Properties of Ferrofluid: Preparation, Stability and Statistical Mechanics
Authors:   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering,Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Che Rosli Ahmad Najmi Naqiuddin , Md. Jedi Muhamad Alias ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering,Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia,   Centre for Automotive Research (CAR), Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Wan Mahmood Wan Mohd Faizal ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering,Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, S. Shadloo Mostafa ,   CORIA-CNRS(UMR6614), Normandie University, INSA of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
Published: June 2024

Ferrofluids are known as magnetic liquids that are colloidal suspensions of ultrafine, single domain magnetic particles in either aqueous or non-aqueous liquids. For such fluids, the problem arises in calculating thermal conductivity, viscosity, and thermodynamic properties on nanoparticles and ferrofluids. Thus, the main objective is to determine thermal conductivity and viscosity for ferro-nanoparticles and ferrofluids. For this study, the ZnO and Fe3O4 are checked for mechanical properties such as SEM, TEM and XRD. Then, being suspended into the diesel engine oil SAE-50 as base fluid and surfactant, Triton-100, in preparation of two-step method. Ferrofluids are prepared for 0.1%, 0.4% & 0.7% w/v and stability of nanofluids are being observed for 5 days. From the results obtained experimentally, the nanoparticles were found to be in good stability as no coagulate occur. This is because the EDLRF acts as the opposite to Van der Waals attractive force which separates the particles from each other. Finally, the thermal conductivity and viscosity for ferro-nanoparticles and ferrofluids were successfully obtained and demonstrated. Statistical mechanics are then discussed to calculate the properties of ferrofluids. The analytical results from statistical mechanics are potentially be used to compare with the experiment data.
Watershed Resilience: Quantification Methods and Future Perspectives
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Altarawneh Esraa Saleh , Muhammad Nur Shazwani ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

In recent years, watershed resilience has garnered a substantial interest driven by the need to sustainably manage vital ecosystems in the face of increasing pressures such as climate change and land-use alterations, leading to assortment of definitions and assessment approaches. This overabundance has occasionally manifested in ambiguity and, at times, contributed improper implementations. This review evaluates the capacities, and frameworks employed in quantifying watershed resilience across various geographical contexts. It synthesizes the current state of knowledge to identify trends, limitations, and areas requiring further investigation. Due to the limited number of prior researches synthesizing watershed resilience quantification methods, the primary contribution of this study lies in its consolidation and synthesis of diverse research efforts, shedding light on the evolving landscape of watershed resilience quantification. By critically examining the strengths and weaknesses of existing definitions and adopted frameworks, we aim to provide a roadmap for future research in this field. Additionally, this review emphasizes the importance of developing standardized indicators and frameworks to facilitate more robust and comparative assessments of watershed resilience. A critical research gap is the lack of a universally accepted assessment framework for watershed resilience, hindering comparability and decisionmaking. We advocate for interdisciplinary collaboration to establish a common framework integrating ecological, hydrological, and social aspects of resilience. In conclusion, this review underscores the urgent need to advance watershed resilience quantification and offers a clear research agenda. Addressing research gaps and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration can significantly contribute to the evolving field of watershed resilience assessment and management.
Performance Assessment of A Developed Rolling Mill
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria, Lucky Chughiefe , Kelly Orhorhoro Ejiroghene ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, General Abdulsalami Abubakar College of Engineering, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria, Okechukwu Ebunilo Patrick ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria, Onoriode Erhinyodavwe ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria
Published: June 2024

Rolling of metals has found applications in automotive, construction, agriculture, railroads, housing, metal furniture making, home appliances, electronic cabinetry, pipes and tubing etc. These have as well contributed to human and environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, the applications of metal rolling processes and machines have not been adequately harnessed in our locality due to unavailability of the rolling machine in small scale industries, laboratories and workshops in institutions of learning in the region. Annealing heat treatment was carried out on a mild steel round bar of 50 mm diameter and length of 200 samples. The samples were charged into an SXL muffle furnace with an annealing temperature of 950oC. The mechanical properties and the microstructure of the rolled mild carbon steel were evaluated. The results of the performance evaluation of the machine through assessment of the metallurgical characteristics of the rolled products from the machine and assessment of mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness of the rolled products from the machine showed an increase in the tensile strength from 250.85 MPa to 258.85 MPa, an increase in the ultimate tensile strength from 535.88 MPa to 540.05 MPa, an increase in the hardness from 140 HV to 145 HV, and a decrease in the percentage ductility of the mild carbon steel from 56% to 51%. Also, the optical micrograph of the rolled samples shows a coarse microstructure of grain refinement from slipping and pilling of dislocations.
Turning Waste into Wealth: A Conceptual Design of Limonene Production Plant from Waste Rubber Tyre
Authors:   School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia., Tan Kok Wei , Quan Sia Brian Sheng ,   School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia., Tey Ker Yee ,   School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia., Kon Tat Wah ,   School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia., En Lam Jia ,   School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia., Tan Peng Chee ,   School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohd Noraini ,   School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Published: June 2024

Limonene production represents a compelling opportunity in the global market, given its competitive landscape dominated by a few key players who control nearly half of the industrial-grade limonene market. Due to the high polyisoprene content in vehicle tyres, along with the rising number of waste rubber tyres, the production of limonene by pyrolysis of tyres may represent a future trend to turn waste into wealth. Hence, a conceptual plant design was carried out to determine the feasibility of limonene production from waste rubber tyres in Malaysia. This feasibility study involved Aspen Plus simulation and illustrated the main processes using Process Flow Diagram (PFD), Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID), and comprehensive stream table integrating material and energy balances. The desired product, which is limonene, was produced by the gas-solid pyrolysis within a conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR) in an inert atmosphere of non-oxidizing, achieving limonene of 98% purity. Besides, process optimization via pinch analysis has been performed to recover 223.84 kWh of energy using heat integration, resulting in 62.06% of energy saving. From the economic analysis conducted, the total capital investment is RM12.9 million and the annual revenue is RM124.7 million with an annual limonene production of 543.1 tons. The financial analysis demonstrated a robust return on investment (ROI) of 303%, a simple payback period of 0.33 years and ta Net Present Value (NPV) of RM 432.2 million.
Assessing the Performance of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures Using Rejuvenators
Authors:   Creative Engineering Consultants, Peshawar, Pakistan, Mufti Sameer Ahmed , Karim Fazli ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan, Iqbal Qaiser ,   Creative Engineering Consultants, Peshawar, Pakistan, Khan Sher Afzal ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan,, Ullah Hanif ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan, Iqbal Shahid ,   University of Technology, Nowshera, Khan Noman ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan, Khan Diyar ,   Department of Road Transport, Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
Published: June 2024

After serving their intended purpose, traditional asphalt pavements are destroyed and dumped across the neighboring fields in Pakistan, affecting the natural environment. Only 15% of the old asphalt material has been recycled on the Motorway (M-2) near Shekhupura. Thus, the current study was intended to increase the amount of recycled asphalt, utilizing waste engine oil (WEO), waste cooking oil (WCO), and waste brown grease (WBG) as rejuvenators. Therefore, the asphalt mixture containing 50% recycled materials, rejuvenated with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% WEO, WCO, and WBG, respectively, were investigated. The asphalt samples for Marshall Stability, indirect tensile strength, and rut resistance were prepared and tested as per ASTM D1559, ASTM D979, and ASTMD8360, respectively. The results showed that WEO, WCO, and WBG of 15% and 20%, respectively, are best for equating the properties of recycled binder to those of neat binder, except for ductility characteristics. The results also demonstrated that, in comparison to the traditional asphalt mixture, asphalt mixes with 50% recycled materials performed significantly better in terms of Marshall stability at 15% utilization of WEO, WCO, and WBG, respectively. Additionally, it is established that recycled asphalt mixture, at WEO of 15%, displayed equivalent rut resistance to virgin asphalt mixture. The results of this study will help recycle old asphalt materials for practical engineering purposes, lowering the dependence on natural resources and benefiting the environment.
Experimental Investigation into the Effects of Flat Plate Guiding Walls on the Performance of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors:   Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi, Malaysia, Ansaf Roaa ,   Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, 21 Kufa, Najaf, Iraq, Elsakka Mohamed Mohamed ,   Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Port Said, Port Said, Egypt, Almohammadi Khaled ,   Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, University of Taibah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, Fazlizan Ahmed ,   Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia, Rasani Mohammad Rasidi ,   Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi, Malaysia, Harun Zambri ,   Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are expected to have good market potential in the near future. However, it suffers from relatively lower performance in contrast with the market-leading horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT). To overcome the disadvantages of VAWTs and improve their performance, this study aims to experimentally investigate the effect of flat plate guiding walls on the performance of VAWTS. The experimental study was carried out in an open-jet wind tunnel with an airflow speed range between 8 - 12 m/s and a different tip speed ratio (TSR). The rotor is of NACA0021 with three blades, 50 mm length, 300 mm diameter and 300 mm height. The guiding wall row is composed of six flat plates. The results show that a straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine surrounded by guiding walls could be self-starting at the wind velocity of 4 m/s which is lower than the wind speed required for the turbine without guiding plates is about 5 m/s. The rotational speed increases for all test conditions with the increase in wind velocity. The power coefficient (Cp) increases with TSR (λ) until reaching its peak at experimental results for all tests. The power coefficient of the turbine reaches its highest value Cp = 0.25 at λ = 1.79 at 12 m/s with the guiding walls. The optimal Cp using the fixed guiding walls shows about 23% improvement at 8 m/s in contrast with the optimal Cp of the reference turbine without the guiding walls.
Surface Integrity of Inconel 718 under Cryogenic and Dry Cutting Conditions
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Programme, Azhar Muammar Faiq ,   Centre for Engineering Materials and Smart Manufacturing (MERCU), Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Che Haron Che Hassan ,   Mechanical Engineering Programme,   Centre for Engineering Materials and Smart Manufacturing (MERCU), Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Abdul Ghani Jaharah ,   Mechanical Engineering Programme,   Centre for Engineering Materials and Smart Manufacturing (MERCU), Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Abdul Halim Nurul Hayati ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

Inconel 718 is a nickel-based alloy that has been developed with superior mechanical strength, creep resistance, and corrosion, as well as erosion resistance at temperatures above 649 ˚C. It is suitable to be used for aircraft engine components such as turbine discs. However, it also has low heat conductivity and the presence of hard carbide particles in its alloy worsens the machining conditions with high cutting temperature, and high shear force and promotes work hardening. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the surface integrity of Inconel 718 in terms of surface roughness, plastic deformation, and micro-hardness alterations after the turning process. Cryogenic CO2 cooling was supplied along the cutting process to reduce cutting temperatures and the machining performances were compared with dry machining. The experimental works show that the dry machining resulted in lower surface roughness by up to 42.15% as compared to cryogenic. However, the depth of plastic deformation under dry machining was much more severe than in cryogenic machining driven by higher cutting temperatures and pressure from the worn tool. The depth of plastic deformation became more distinct as the cutting speed increased. While the microhardness alteration of the machined surface was higher under cryogenic machining due to extensive cooling capacity by the CO2 flow. Thus, this study reveals that cryogenic cooling during metal cutting can produce products that have better wear resistance as well as higher surface hardness.
Cryogenic Machining Performance of M303 at High Cutting Speeds
Authors:   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia, Mohd Ridzuan Nur Fadhilah Aimuni , Othman Tahrin ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia, Juri Afifah Zakiyyah ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia, A. Ghani Jaharah ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia, Che Haron Che Hassan ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

The material M303 is commonly used in the fabrication of machinery, automotive components, locomotive axle housings, and injection moulds. It is a stainless martensitic chromium steel known for its high strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the machinability of M303 under cryogenic conditions, specifically focusing on high cutting speeds. By exploring the effects of cryogenic machining on M303, the study aims to provide insights into the performance and characteristics of this material under extreme cutting conditions. This study investigates the influence of cutting parameters on the machinability of M303 in a cryogenic environment using liquid nitrogen (LN2) and coated carbide cutting tools in a high-speed turning process. The study focuses on high cutting speeds and examines essential machinability factors, including cutting forces, surface finish, and tool life. The experimental design utilises a Taguchi L4 orthogonal array to systematically study feed rates (0.1-0.2 mm/rev), depth of cut (0.2-0.6 mm), and high cutting speeds (260-340 m/min). Notably, at a low cutting speed of 260 m/min, coupled with low feed rates and depth of cut, the study reveals the longest tool life of 48.57 mintues was achieved. This condition is characterized by a good surface finish and low cutting forces with Ra of 0.9 µm and cutting force of 100 N respectively. The predominant wear occurs on the flank face, primarily due to fracturing and chipping, especially under high combinations of cutting parameters. Conversely, gradual wear is observed under low combinations of cutting parameters, resulting in an extended tool life. In conclusion, the application of LN2 proves effective under conditions of low cutting parameters. The study suggests that the risk of fracturing the cutting tool increases at higher feed rates and depths of cut, especially when combined with elevated cutting speeds. This research provides valuable insights into optimizing the machining of M303 for enhanced efficiency and tool longevity.
Adaptation of An Architectonic Traditional Building: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mosul, Iraq, Ahmed Joan Athee , Mohammad Yusof Wardah Fatimah ,   Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Mohamed Mohd Farid ,   Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: June 2024

Taking into consideration the historical, cultural, social, and economic worth, historic structures are an essential component of the built environment. It is crucial to preserve historic structures in a sustainable manner, and to restore them so they continue to function effectively in the long run. The focus to attain standards such as BREEAM, LEED, etcetera, have been developed to fulfil more comprehensive strategic objectives when constructing new buildings, however, these requirements are insufficient when they are utilised for adjustments to older buildings. Few people are aware of the qualities of historic houses, and there are not many historic buildings that have aspects that increase their sustainability and dispel the notion that they are of lesser quality. Nonetheless, due to the unique characteristics of historic structures, it is necessary to modify and analyse the current traditional buildings and add new parameters that are not addressed by any of the grading systems under consideration. The current research aims to analyse the academic articles on design solutions for adaptability in buildings, and adaptation of an architectonic traditional building worldwide. Accordingly, this study has extracted from 24 articles that are based on a myriad of articles which have been analysed and collected from “Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, IEEE, and Science Directs” under systematic literature review (PRISMA).