bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BERBASIS MANAJEMEN QOLBU DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS SEBAGAI PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DI PESANTREN
Authors: Putra Budi -
Published: April 2018

CHARACTER EDUCATION BASED ON QOLBU MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING RELIGIOUS CHARACTER AS A CIVIC EDUCATION IN PESANTREN

 

Abstract

            Character education is a very important and strategic step in building the identity of the nation and the establishment of a religious Indonesian society with the concept of Qolbu Management. The purpose of this research was to study and analyze character education based on Qolbu management in developing the religious character as Civic Education in Daarut Tauhiid Boarding School (Pesantren) under Dauroh Qolbiyah program. This research employed a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were observation, interview, and documentation. The conclusion of the final results obtained in this research showed that character education based on Qolbu management is a character education which will always be processed by cleaning the heart and being sincere, honest, strong and tough, by performing obligatory and non-obligatory (sunnah) worships within the framework of experiential learning; in other words, learning by doing. It is because the central point of human’s actions lies in the heart in which a clean heart will be able to mold moral and religious youths.

 

 
Chimera: Enabling Hierarchy Based Multi-Objective Optimization for Self-Driving Laboratories
Authors: Häse Florian , Roch Loic , Aspuru-Guzik Alan
Published: April 2018

We introduce Chimera, a general purpose achievement scalarizing function (ASF) for multi-objective optimization problems in experiment design. Chimera combines concepts of a priori scalarizing with ideas from lexicographic approaches. It constructs a single merit-based function which implicitly accounts for a provided hierarchy in the objectives. The performance of the suggested ASF is demonstrated on several well-established analytic multi-objective benchmark sets using different single-objective optimization algorithms. We further illustrate the performance and applicability of Chimera on two practical applications: (i) the auto-calibration of a virtual robotic sampling sequence for direct-injection, and (ii) the inverse-design of a system for efficient excitation energy transport. The results indicate that Chimera enables a wide class of optimization algorithms to rapidly find solutions. The presented applications highlight the interpretability of Chimera to corroborate design choices on tailoring system parameters. Additionally, Chimera appears to be applicable to any set of n unknown objective functions, and more importantly does not require detailed knowledge about these objectives. We recommend the use of Chimera in combination with a variety of optimization algorithms for an efficient and robust optimization of multi-objective problems.
Promovendo escassez ou cortejando abundância? Entendendo a resiliência da máquina eleitoral na governança urbana
Authors: Canares Michael P.
Published: April 2018

Uma das características persistentes de uma crise financeira é a falta de recursos para todo tipo de agentes e interesses em competição. Na esfera política, uma crise financeira pode diminuir a capacidade dos partidos de praticar clientelismo, mas também ocasionará oportunidades para os mesmos de tirar vantagens sobre a crescente escassez, transformando em vantagens políticas futuras. Baseando-se no argumento de duas persuasivas obras literárias – “Rainbow’s End” (1987), de Steven P. Erie, e “Patronage, Power, and Poverty in Southern Italy” (1982), de Judith Chubb, este artigo tenta responder a questão sobre qual seria o comportamento político mais apropriado da máquina eleitoral quando confrontada com recursos insuficientes e demanda considerável por parte dos eleitores. Este artigo argumenta que se o controle local encontra-se nas mãos da máquina política num estado de monopólio e o eleitorado é caracterizado por extrema pobreza e exclusão das decisões políticas, administrar a escassez perpetuará a máquina naturalmente. Por outro lado, se o controle das políticas locais participa de dura competição, enquanto a sociedade é fragmentada em condições socioeconômicas nas quais alguns conseguem pagar por melhores condições e outros não, a máquina eleitoral, com mais recurso e sendo capaz de capturar uma significante base de apoio, provavelmente sair-se-á melhor e durará mais que as demais.
DAHL, Robert A. A democracia e seus críticos. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2012.
Authors: Bonifacio Jose Roberto
Published: April 2018

Resenha de DAHL, Robert A. A democracia e seus críticos. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2012.
Investigando Interações Discursivas em Aulas de Ciências: Um “Olhar Sensível ao Contexto” sobre a Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências
Authors: Franco Luiz Gustavo , Munford Danusa
Published: April 2018

Apresentamos uma discussão crítica em torno do construto teórico-metodológico contexto na pesquisa que investiga interações discursivas em aulas de ciências. Baseados na noção de que contextos são históricos, múltiplos e interativos, entendemos que a pesquisa pode valorizar contextos em diferentes níveis. Utilizando um amplo conjunto de artigos desenvolvidos nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, selecionamos oito exemplos considerados ilustrativos para fundamentar nossa discussão. Desenvolvemos um “olhar sensível ao contexto” para caracterizar diversas formas de valorização do contexto, desde níveis mais locais (instrucional e da sala de aula), até níveis mais amplos (institucional, comunitário, social e cultural). Destacamos o potencial de um enfoque mais descritivo na pesquisa em EC no sentido de valorizar contextos que vão além da sala de aula.
Investigating Discursive Interactions in Science Lessons: “contextual lenses” on Research in Science Education
Authors: Franco Luiz Gustavo , Munford Danusa
Published: April 2018

We present a critical discussion about context as a theoretical-methodological construct in research that investigates discursive interactions during science lessons. Based on the notion that context is historical, multiple and interactive, we understand that research can focus on different levels of context. We used a wide range of papers about elementary school, selecting eight examples considered illustrative to ground our discussion. Developing “contextual lenses” we characterize the diverse ways to consider context, from the more local level (instructional and classroom), to a broader level (institutional, community, social and cultural). We point the potential of a more descriptive focus in science education research to emphasize contexts that go beyond the instructional.
Brinquedos e Brincadeiras na Educação em Ciências: Um Olhar para a Literatura da Área no Período de 1997 a 2017
Authors: Eiras Wagner da Cruz Seabra , Menezes Paulo Henrique Dias , Flôr Cristhiane Carneiro Cunha
Published: April 2018

Apresentamos uma revisão de literatura dos artigos que tratam das atividades lúdicas, publicados nos anais dos Encontros de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPEC) e na Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (RBPEC), no período de 1997 a 2017, para compreender como os brinquedos e as brincadeiras são tratados nessas publicações – particularmente, aqueles voltados para o Ensino Fundamental. Para selecionar os trabalhos, utilizamos mecanismos de busca eletrônica disponibilizados nos anais das edições do ENPEC e nas publicações da RBPEC por meio dos títulos e palavras-chave. Para analisar os dados, elaboramos uma categorização que classifica jogo como um objeto que possui regras rígidas, definidas a priori e independentes do sujeito que joga, e brinquedo como um objeto com regras mais flexíveis e elaboradas pelo sujeito que brinca. Nossos resultados mostram que a maioria dos trabalhos analisados foi classificada na modalidade jogo, indicando que os brinquedos e brincadeiras são ainda pouco explorados no contexto deste estudo. Além disso, os trabalhos que priorizam investigar o processo de elaboração e/ou participação em atividades lúdicas obtiveram informações mais detalhadas, que auxiliam na interpretação e compreensão do papel dessas atividades no ensino de Ciências. Entretanto, em alguns trabalhos, a atividade lúdica é considerada eficiente e suficiente por si só, e as informações obtidas por meio da investigação do processo de aplicação são usadas principalmente para confirmar a efetividade pedagógica do produto, indicando a necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados sobre a relação processo/produto nas pesquisas sobre brinquedos e brincadeiras na Educação em Ciências.
Investigação Temática na Formação de Professores: Indicativos da Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências
Authors: Neres Cleilde Aguiar , Gehlen Simoni Tormohlen
Published: April 2018

O presente estudo identifica pesquisas que utilizam os pressupostos freireanos na proposição de processos formativos de professores de Ciências e investiga como as etapas da Investigação Temática estão sendo inseridas no contexto da formação inicial e continuada de professores. Para atender aos objetivos propostos, a metodologia de trabalho estruturou-se segundo dois encaminhamentos complementares: a localização de pesquisas em Educação em Ciências que utilizam pressupostos freireanos em processos formativos de professores, a partir das Atas do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPEC) e de periódicos brasileiros, no período de 2010 a 2015; e entrevistas semiestruturadas com pesquisadores da área de Educação em Ciências, os quais abordam o processo de Investigação Temática no contexto da formação inicial e continuada de professores de Ciências. As entrevistas foram audiogravadas e, posteriormente, analisadas por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva. Os resultados indicam que a Investigação Temática tem sido desenvolvida com maior frequência no contexto da formação inicial de professores do que na formação continuada, sendo o Levantamento Preliminar, a Análise das Situações Significativas e a Redução Temática, as etapas mais exploradas durante os processos formativos, havendo pouca ênfase no desenvolvimento das etapas de codificação/descodificação.
2005-2015 Yılları Arasında Türkiye’de Uygulanan Ar-Ge ve İnovasyon Politikalarının KOBİ’ler Üzerindeki Etkisi: Konya Tarım Alet ve Makineleri İmalat Sektörü Örneği
Authors: AFŞAR Bilge , ERKEK Seyida , ERKEK Ahmet
Published: April 2018

Günümüzün
hızla değişen rekabet ortamında ayakta kalabilmek için firmaların ürünlerini,
hizmetlerini ve üretim yöntemlerini sürekli olarak değiştirmeleri ve
yenilemeleri gerekmektedir. Tarım alet ve makineleri imalat sektörü teknolojik
gelişmelerden oldukça fazla etkilenen sektörlerden biridir. Teknolojik donanıma
sahip akıllı tarım makinaları çiftçinin işinin kolaylaştırırken, çevreyi
korumakta ve verimi artırmaktadır. Konya tarım alet ve makineleri imalat
sektörü örneğinde, Türkiye’de 2005-2015 yılları arası uygulanan Ar-Ge ve
inovasyon politikalarının KOBİ’ler üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymayı amaçlayan
bu çalışmada, bilim, teknoloji, Ar-Ge ve inovasyon kavramlarının tanım ve
özellikleri ile çeşitli inovasyon göstergelerine yer verilmiş, Türkiye’nin bilim,
teknoloji, Ar-Ge ve inovasyon politikaları tarihsel süreç açısından ele
alınarak KOBİ’ler üzerinde uygulanan teknoloji ve inovasyon politikalarından
bahsedilmiştir. Çalışmanın uygulama kısmında Konya’da tarım alet ve makineleri
imalat sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 101 firma ile yapılan anket sonuçlarına yer
verilmiştir. Buna göre ankete katılan firmaların 89 tanesi Türkiye’de uygulanan
Ar-Ge ve inovasyon teşviklerini yeterli bulmamaktadır. 57 firmanın son beş yıl
içinde inovasyon faaliyeti gerçekleştirdiği görülmüştür. Araştırma bulguları
KOBİ’lerin teknolojik yetenek düzeyinin yükseltilmesi için yürütülecek olan
politikaların büyük önem taşıdığını ortaya koymuştur.
Ülke İmajı Araştırmalarında Ölçek Seçimi ve Kullanımı
Authors: Şentürk Tolga
Published: April 2018

Ülke imajı belirli bir ülke hakkındaki tanımlayıcı,
çıkarımsal ve bilgilendirici inançların toplamı olarak tanımlanır (Martin ve
Eroğlu; 1993:193). Tüketicilerin ürün kalitesine yönelik değerlendirmelerini
etkilediği için de uluslararası pazarlama literatüründe çokça çalışılan bir
araştırma alanıdır. Bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmaların sahip olduğu araştırma
tasarımlarının ve kullanılan ölçeklerin ülke imajının boyutları çerçevesinde
çok büyük bir çeşitlilik arz ettiği görülmektedir (örn. Balabanis vd., 1996;
Laroche vd., 2005; Papadopoulos ve Heslop 1993; Roth ve Romeo, 1992). Bu
çeşitlilik içerisinde yaşanan kavramsal karmaşa ve ülke imajı bileşenlerini
ölçen ölçekler çerçevesinde gözlemlenen geçişkenlik, önemli bir sorun olarak
araştırmacıların karşısında durmaktadır (Roth ve Diamantopoulos, 2009). Yapılan
çalışmada öncelikle ülke imajı araştırmalarında ortaya çıkan kavram karmaşasını
giderecek tanımlamalar yapılarak kavramsal çerçeve çizilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Bunun yanında ülke imajı bileşenlerinin ölçümü ile ürün-ülke imajını ölçen
ölçeklerin kullanımı konusunda yapılan hatalar ve bunlara getirilen eleştiriler
derlenmiştir. Araştırmada özellikle genel ülke imajı ile ürün-ülke imajının
birbirinden ayrıştırılarak çerçevesinin tam olarak çizilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmış
ve birincisinin ikincisi üzerinde yaptığı etkiler açıklanmıştır.
Identification of serotonergic 5HT-3B type receptors in broiler’s small intestine
Authors: Mujezinović İndira , Katica Muhamed , Smajlović Ahmed , Gradaščević Nedžad , Dukić Behija
Published: April 2018

in broiler’s small intestine. Investigation were carried out on isolated smooth muscle of the circular and longitudinal layer of the broilers small intestine (strip dimension 3-4 mm x 2 cm). The muscle strips were placed in an isolated organ bath. The mechanical activity of the preparations were recorded via an isotonic force transducer coupled to a pen recorder. This was done following the addition of serotonin (nonselective 5-HT agonist), 2-Me-5HT (5-HT3B agonist) and Y-25130-hydrochloride (selective 5-HT3B antagonist). The research established a presence of serotonergic 5HT3B type receptors within the smooth musculature of the small intestines of broilers (COBB 500). The 5HT3B type receptors were present in smooth muscles of duodenum, jejunum and ileum, especially in longitudinal smooth muscles since this layer reacted even to low serotonin concentration (10-6). Statistical tests of obtained results showed significant differences (p< 0.001) in responses related to muscle layers, applied concentrations and intestinal parts which were observed. In the light of these findings, we suggest that investigated substances may have considerable physiological and therapeutic implications in disturbed function of small intestine of broiler’s.
Para un mañana sin barreras: Primer Congreso Internacional de Rehabilitación Integral Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. 27, 28 y 29 de Julio de 2006
Authors: Suárez de Sarmiento Beatriz
Published: April 2018

En la última semana de julio de 2006. la Institución Universitaria Fundación Escuela Colombiana de Rehabilitación. la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, el Hospital Militar Central, la Dirección General de Sanidad Militar, la Clínica Universitaria Teletón y la Dirección de Sanidad de la Policía Nacional hicieron posible la realización del Primer Congreso Internacional de Rehabilitación Integral en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia, Suramérica.
Rehabilitación integral de la enfermedad cerebrovascular
Authors: Jiménez  Juliao Alberto
Published: April 2018

Los procesos de rehabilitación de la Enfermedad Cerebro Vascular (ECV) son moedelo para los procesos integrales de rehabilitación neurológica en general. Este artículo pretende ofrecer un marco conceptual sobre la ECV y un programa de rehabilitación para dicha enfermedad. Se parte de las definiciones y la epidemiológia para centrarse en la evaluación del paciente y en el manejo de la rehabilitación de éste en sus diferentes fases: aguda, subaguda, tardía y ambulatotia. Un proceso de rehabilitación integral del paciente con EVC, incluye médicos rehabilitadores, enfermeros, fisioterapeutas, terapeutas ocupacionales, fonoaudiologos, psicólogo, neuropsicólogo, trabajador social, nutricionista ortesista, educador físico, sociólogo, etc.
Effect of boron treatments on boron distribution and fresh leaf yield of tea plant
Authors: BALCI Meriç , TABAN Süleyman
Published: April 2018

A two-year fixed field experiment was designed in Artvin, Turkey, with the
aim of determining the effect of soil and foliar boron treatment on fresh leaf yield,
shoot length, and also the transport and distribution of boron in the shoots of
the tea plant. The experiment was conducted in a domestic producer’s tea garden
indicating boron deficiency in Arhavi district of Artvin. In the experiment, 400 g B da-1
to the soil and 400 mg B L-1 to the leaves of the tea plant were
applied in a liquid form. DOT (Disodium Octaborate Tetrahydrate, Na2B8O13.4H2O) with 20.8 % B was
used as a boron source. At the end of the
experiment, it was determined that soil and foliar boron treatment caused a
substantial increase in the fresh leaf yield, the shoot length, and also the
boron concentration of the shoots of the tea plant. However, the boron
concentration of the leaves at the tip of the shoots was still under the
critical level.
The Improvement of Thermal Insulating Concrete Panel
Authors: Ali Mohammed Ali Nasser , Khalif Abdul Hadi Nema , Lafta Doaa Alaa
Published: April 2018

The Iraqi houses flattening the roof by a concrete panel, and because of the panels on the top directly exposed to the solar radiation become unbearably hot and cold during the summer and winter. The traditional concrete panel components are cement, sand, and aggregate, which have a poor thermal property. The usage of materials with low thermal conductivity with no negative reflects on its mechanical properties gives good improvements to the thermal properties of the concrete panel. The practical part of this work was built on a multi-stage mixing plan. In the first stage the mixing ratio based on the ratios of the sand to cement. The second stage mixing ratios based on replacing the coarse aggregate quantities with the Alabaster aggregates, and the third stage the mixing ratios based on the replacement of wood ash instead of the sand. While the fourth stage mixing ratios based on decreasing the thermal conductivity and increasing mechanical properties by adding a multilayer of a plastic net. The result shows that using a concrete panel with components (cement, sand, coarse aggregate, wood ash, and Alabaster aggregates) with a mass ratio of (1:1:2:1:1) and 3-plastic layers, gives the best improvement of the thermal properties. Where, the thermal conductivity is reduced by 42% and the specific heat increased by 41.2% as compared to the traditional concrete panel mixing ratio, with mechanical properties are agreed with the Iraqi standards.
Stress Concentration factor Analysis of Helical Gear Drives with Asymmetric Teeth Profiles
Authors: Abdullah Mohammad Qasim , Kadum Mohammed Abdulaal
Published: April 2018

This study investigates the influence of asymmetric involute teeth profiles for helical gears on the bending stress. Theoretically, bending stress has been estimated in spur involute gears which have symmetric teeth profile by based on the Lewis, 1892 equation. Later, this equation is developed by, Abdullah, 2012. to determine the effect of an asymmetric tooth profile for the spur gear on the bending stress. And then these equations are applied with stress concentration factor once for symmetric and once other for asymmetric teeth profile. In this paper, the bending stresses for various types of helical gear with various types of asymmetric teeth profile are calculated numerically for defined the stress concentration factor. The numerical solution based on the finite element method technique which that done by using the software simulation SolidWorks 2016. The results of this study indicate that the helical gear drive with asymmetric teeth profile having 'loaded side pressure angle' of ( ) and 'unloaded side pressure angle' of ( ) is better than a helical gear with standard teeth profile having pressure angle of ( ) from the regarding of tooth bending strength. Also, notes that the great enhancement in the results of maximum tooth bending stress for modified involute of tooth profile compared with the standard teeth profile. In addition to, predict the equation of stress concentration factor which is a function of both unloaded side pressure angle and helix angle and then it used with Abdullah equation for to determine the nominal stresses in the root fillet.
Prediction of Municipal Solid Waste Generation Models Using Artificial Neural Network in Baghdad city, Iraq
Authors: Khudair Basim Hussein , Ali Sura Kareem , Jassim Duaa Tawfeeq
Published: April 2018

The importance of Baghdad city as the capital of Iraq and the center of the attention of delegations because of its long history is essential to preserve its environment. This is achieved through the integrated management of municipal solid waste since this is only possible by knowing the quantities produced by the population on a daily basis. This study focused to predicate the amount of municipal solid waste generated in Karkh and Rusafa separately, in addition to the quantity produced in Baghdad, using IBM SPSS 23 software. Results that showed the average generation rates of domestic solid waste in Rusafa side was higher than that of Al-Karkh side because Rusafa side has higher population density than Al-Karkh side. The artificial neural networks show a high coefficient of determination between the predicted and observed domestic solid waste, with R2 value reaching to 0.91, 0.828 and 0.827 for Al-Karkh, 0.9986,0. 9903 and 0.9903 for Rusafa side, and 0.9989, 0.9878 and 0.9847 in Baghdad city, and also, these models were used to estimate the generation of municipal solid waste for short period with highly efficient which assistance in planning to design landfills sites.
Evaluation of Job-Mix Formula Tolerances as Related to Asphalt Mixtures Properties
Authors: Ismael Mohammed Qadir , Al-Harjan Reem Fouad Ahmed
Published: April 2018

The current Iraqi standard specifications for roads and bridges allowed the prepared Job-Mix Formula for asphalt mixtures to witness some tolerances with regard to the following: coarse aggregate gradation by ± 6.0 %, fine aggregate gradation by ± 4.0 %, filler gradation by ± 2.0 %, asphalt cement content by ± 0.3 % and mixing temperature by ± 15 oC. The objective of this work is to evaluate the behavior of asphalt mixtures prepared by different aggregates gradations (12.5 mm nominal maximum size) that fabricated by several asphalt contents (40-50 grade) and various mixing temperature. All the tolerances specified in the specifications are taken into account, furthermore, the zones beyond these tolerances are also observed. The evaluation process is illustrated by volumetric properties such as density, air voids, voids in mineral aggregate and voids filled with asphalt. Marshall test is carried out to find stability and flow values. The resistance to moisture effect is investigated by conducting the compressive test for dry and water immersed conditions to find the index of retained strength. The experimental results supported the recommendations to increase tolerances of coarse and fine aggregate gradations to ± 7.0 % and         ± 5.0 % respectively. The optimum asphalt content tolerance can be increased to ± 0.5 %. The tolerances of filler gradation and mixing temperature are preferable to keep their current values.
Agro tourism potential of Uzbekistan
Authors: Siddikov Askar Axrorovich
Published: April 2018

This paper investigates agro tourism potential of Uzbekistan while learning possible touristic resources. Moreover, major advancements of tourism in agrarian sector are categorized as whole. Uzbekistan is one of several other countries that have transformed their economies by developing their tourism potential. On this case, agro-tourism is a way of sustainable tourist development and multi-activity in rural areas through which the visitor has the opportunity to get close awareness with agricultural areas, agricultural occupations, local products, traditional food and the daily life of the rural people, as well as the cultural elements and traditions of the local communities. This paper attempted to discuss the relationship between the environment, social benefits, and facilities as the relevant construct by observing their significant role in assessing agro tourism potential.
Scuba Diving Experience and Sustainability: An Assessment of Online Travel Reviews
Authors: Naidoo Peunjodi , Ramseook-Munhurrun Prabha , Li Jing
Published: April 2018

Scuba diving is a popular activity in small island destinations which is on the rise. However, it is particularly important to preserve the physical environment for small island developing states due to their unique biodiversity and fragile ecosystems. Scuba diving tourism in island destinations is provided mainly by dive operators who are responsible to deliver the scuba diving experience to tourists. However, despite the importance of sustainability for the tourism industry, it is unclear to which extent the marine environment or green issues are important for consumers. Studies are increasingly suggesting that sustainability is an important feature considered by consumers. However, information is sparse regarding the extent to which sustainability is a key component for customers when evaluating the scuba diving experience. In this study, 3109 text reviews from the Trip Advisor website across all 57 listed diving operators in Mauritius were selected for data analysis. Th e present study uses Leximancer, a text analysis software that conducts unsupervised analysis of natural language texts provided in an electronic format.The Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Vol.9 2018 p.43-52
Anesthetic effects of varying doses of Fentanyl combined with spinal Bupivacaine in caesarean delivery
Authors: Thapa Puja , Shrestha Amir Babu , Rayamajhi Mallika
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Spinal opioids have gained popularity in recent years as they augment the analgesia produced by local anesthetics. Fentanyl is one of the opioids used for such purpose however the optimal dose has not been described adequately in the literature available so far in our setup. The aim of this study is to find out the effect of adding various doses of Fentanyl to low dose hyperbaric Bupivacaine intrathecally.Materials and methods:Seventy-five parturients scheduled for caesarean delivery were randomly allocated into three groups (Bupivacaine-Fentanyl) BF10, BF20 and BF30 who received intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine 1.6 ml with Fentanyl 10µg, 20 µg and 30 µg respectively. Total volume was made to 2.2ml by adding normal saline. The outcomes measured were peak sensory level, degree of motor block, quality of intraoperative anesthesia, duration of effective analgesia, neonatal APGAR score and side effects were noted if any.Results: Peak sensory level and degree of motor block was similar in all the groups. Peak sensory level (Thoracic Dermatome) was 4.52± 0.82, 4.32± 0.62 and 4.32± 0.74 (p=0.540) in BF10, BF20 and BF30 respectively. Degree of motor block was not significantly different (p=1.000). Quality of intraoperative anesthesia improved from BF10 to BF20 (P=0.040) but did not improve significantly from BF20 and BF30 (P=0.189). Duration of effective analgesia prolonged as the dose of Fentanyl increased which was in minutes 173.64±41, 216.80±32 and 273.16±35 (p=0.000) in BF10,BF20 and BF30 respectively. Neonatal APGAR scores were similar in all groups and very little adverse effects in higher doses.Conclusion: The combination of 1.6 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine and 20 µg of Fentanyl intrathecally provides excellent surgical anesthesia, prolonged postoperative effective analgesia with very few side effects. Increasing the dose of Fentanyl beyond it could prolong the postoperative pain relief but at the cost of increased adverse effects.
Efficacy and Safety of Sublingual versus Vaginal Misoprostol for Pre-induction Cervical Ripening among Primigravida
Authors: Acharya Indira , Thapa Sumana , Chaudhary Pushpa
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Induction of labor is an intervention intended to artificially initiate uterine contractions resulting in progressive effacement and dilatation of the cervix. This is a common intervention during pregnancy in both industrialized and non-industrialized countries.Misoprostol is the commonly used induction agent. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of sublingual route of misoprostol with that of vaginal for pre-induction cervical ripening at term among Primigravida.

Methods: This study was a hospital based cross sectional comparative study, conducted at a tertiary center, Kathmandu over a period of 6 months extending from July 2010 to December 2010. Primigravida at 40-42 weeks of gestation who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study and were randomly enrolled for sublingual misoprostol and vaginal misoprostol.

Results: More women in the vaginal misoprostol group had Bishop score more than six after 8 hours of insertion of first dose (80%) compared to those who received sublingual misoprostol (48%). The mean induction to   delivery interval was shorter in the vaginal misoprostol group (12.12 hours) compared to (12.96) in sublingual group. Use of oxytocin for augmentation of labour was required more in the sublingual group but the difference was not significant statistically.

Conclusion: Both sublingual and vaginal routes of misoprostol administration were equally effective and appeared safe for pre-induction cervical ripening at term. 
Horseshoe Kidney: A Fusion Anomaly
Authors: Pokhrel Rishi , Kunwar Ajaya Jang , Thapa Isabela , Singh Poonam , Sapkota Samrat , Adhikari Shailesh , Thapa Trilok Pati
Published: April 2018

A horseshoe shaped kidney was found in an approximately 35 years old female cadaver during routine dissection at anatomy lab of our department. Further careful dissection was done in situ and ureter and related blood vessels were identified and painted for identification. 

The isthmus connecting the inferior poles of the kidneys was ventral to the great abdominal vessels. There were multiple vessels supplying the horseshoe kidney on either side, the ureteric drainage pattern was also not symmetrical. 

Horseshoe kidney is the commonest renal fusion anomaly found in 1 in 400-600 individuals, it is twice common in males than females. It occurs when kidneys are pushed too close to each other during their relative ascent through arterial fork of umbilical arteries in fetal life. 

Horseshoe kidney is associated with increased risk of renal calculus. Surgical division of the isthmus improves the renal function even in the absence of any pathology. Due to vascular variations, Angiographyor CT scanning with vascular reconstruction is very helpful when planning surgery on horseshoe kidney.
Errata
Authors: . Editorial Team
Published: April 2018

Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital

Errata for Volume 16 Issue 2 July – Dec 2017

 

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Amateur Creation and Entrepreneurialism: A Critical Study of Artistic Production in Post-Fordist Structures
Authors: Mylonas Yiannis
Published: April 2018

Based on an interview with a hip-hop artist from Eastern Poland, this article critically assesses amateur art pro-duction proliferating throughout the globe today through individuals’ creative usages of new ICTs and new media affordances. The post-Fordist material and ideological context of contemporary social life is the main focus point of the article’s critique. Scarcity, dispossession, and entrepreneurship are the main analytical concepts used to develop a critical analysis and explanation of mainstream realities of amateur artistic production today. Within a context defined by precarious work conditions and prospects, material scarcity, and consumerist aspirations, media and technological potentialities are strategically used by the amateur artist-entrepreneur a) as resources where creativity is put to work for potential socio-economic elevation and inclusion in the global industrial artistic scene (in the case of private ICT), b) as “free” resources, appropriated for entrepreneurial aspirations (in the case of “free“ digital material circulating online, particularly through peer to peer networks), c) as channels for self promotion and networking (in the case of web 2.0 structures). What is often less apparent to the amateur artists, though, concerns the exploitative capacities of corporate Internet to dispossess amateur work and online social relations for the purposes of capital accumulation and reproduction. Unless critiqued, “free culture” -generated by new ICTs and new media- is assimilated by the material and ideological power of late capitalism and is “put to work” for the (re)production of late capitalism. The article concludes by suggesting the critical challenging of the mainstream artistic identity and the critical use and appropriation of new media/ICT’s potentialities.
Social Science and Life on the Move: Reflexive Considerations
Authors: Tsekeris Charalambos
Published: April 2018

Sociology and society are undoubtedly on the move. The present concise reflection seeks to comprehensively elaborate on both the social science and the social life within the contemporary dynamical world environment. In this context, brief elaborations are formulated on the complicated issue of technoscientific knowledge and its implications, as well as on a sustainable analytic framework for generating and developing further critical sociological and epistemological considerations about human agency and reflexivity.
21st Century Socialism: Making a State for Revolution
Authors: Artz Lee
Published: April 2018

The Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela has built mass organizations of workers and communities that have erratically challenged class and market relations—verifying that taking political power is difficult but essential to fundamental social change and that capitalist cultural practices complicate the revolutionary process. This work identifies components of state power, separating state apparatus (government) as a crucial site for instituting social change. The case of democratic, participatory communication and public media access is presented as central to the successes and problems of Venezuelan 21st century socialism. Drawing on field research in community media in Caracas, the essay highlights some of the politico-cultural challenges and class contradictions in producing and distributing cultural values and social practices for a new socialist hegemony necessary for fundamental social change.
Networked Time and the ‘Common Ruin of the Contending Classes’
Authors: Hassan Robert
Published: April 2018

The rise of the network society has been hailed often as the bringer of many positive things, and has been damned in equal measure. This essay discusses the network society in terms of its effects upon the theory and practice of bourgeois and socialist democracy. Through the theoretical prism of social and technologically created time, the essay argues that the network society has created a neoliberal ‘networked time’. This is a logic that functions at the global level and operates at computer network driven speeds, incorporating in its wake not only the polity, but economy and society, too. What the temporal analysis reveals in this process, is that ‘networked time’ as a primarily digital form is unable to synchronise with the temporal rhythms of the forms of democracy that came to us from the age of Enlightenment—a slower time, with slower technologically based social rhythms that stemmed from print and machine culture. What this means is that the Enlightenment-based politics of bourgeois and socialist democracy, and their future-oriented logics of progress, are no longer tenable in our digital age. Accordingly the much-neglected passage in Manifesto of the Communist Party that envisions the ‘common ruin of the contending classes’ is coming to pass—and with it a seriously reduced scope for the resurrection of any form of democratic functioning that is based on Enlightenment politics and its temporal rhythms.
What Do Publishers Know?
Authors: Brienza Casey
Published: April 2018

In this short contribution to the open access debate, I will draw upon my expertise as a sociologist who has studied the publishing industry to argue that publishers do in fact have knowledge that is absolutely critical to an informed understanding of open access and how it may be successfully implemented. After providing an overview of who publishers are and what motivates them, along with some of often little-understood complexities of the academic publishing industry, I focus upon the one important thing that publishers understand very well—and far better than most academics—how publishing is funded. I then discuss why collaboration, not competition, between publishers and academics is the only real way forward and conclude with a warning to fellow academics that casually dismissing their potential contribution is both counterproductive and, in the worst case scenario, may threaten the future flourishing of our profession.
Professor Janet Wasko: An Interview with the President of the IAMCR and one of the Key Representatives of the Political Economy of Communication Approach
Authors: Amon Prodnik Jernej , Wasko Janet
Published: April 2018

This paper presents an interview with Janet Wasko. She is a Professor and Knight Chair in Communication Research at the University of Oregon’s School of Journalism and Communication and widely considered as one of the key authors working in the tradition of the political economy of communication. Currently she is serving as the President of the International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR), one of the key international associations in the field of media and communication studies. She previously held several other positions in the IAMCR and served as the head of the Political Economy-section, which she also helped to establish. Professor Wasko published several influential books on the film industry, especially on Hollywood and the Disney Corporation. We talked especially about the influences on her approach, about her position in the IAMCR, her understanding of how the cultural and media industries work, the political economy approach in media and communication studies, and issues related to the film industry, which she mostly tackles in her own research.
Introduction: Critical Visual Theory
Authors: Ludes Peter , Nöth Winfried , Fahlenbrach Kathrin
Published: April 2018

The studies selected for publication in this special issue on Critical Visual Theory can be divided into three thematic groups: (1) image making as power making, (2) commodification and recanonization, and (3) approaches to critical visual theory. The approaches to critical visual theory adopted by the authors of this issue may be subsumed under the following headings (3.1) critical visual discourse and visual memes in general and Anonymous visual discourse in particular, (3.2) collective memory and gendered gaze, and (3.3) visual capitalism, global north and south.
Reactionary Rhetoric Against Open Access Publishing
Authors: Bivens-Tatum Wayne
Published: April 2018

In 2013, Jeffrey Beall published an attack on the open-access scholarship movement in tripleC: “The Open-Access Movement Is Not Really About Open Access”. This article examines the claims and arguments of that contribution. Beall’s article makes broad generalizations about open-access advocates with very little supporting evidence, but his rhetoric provides good examples of what Albert O. Hirschman called the “rhetoric of reaction”. Specifically, it provides examples of the perversity thesis, the futility thesis, and the jeopardy thesis in action. While the main argument is both unsound and invalid, it does show a rare example of reactionary rhetoric from a librarian.
The Machinic Temporality of Metadata
Authors: Celis Claudio
Published: April 2018

In 1990 Deleuze introduced the hypothesis that disciplinary societies are gradually being replaced by a new logic of power: control. Accordingly, Matteo Pasquinelli has recently argued that we are moving towards societies of metadata, which correspond to a new stage of what Deleuze called control societies. Societies of metadata are characterised for the central role that meta-information acquires both as a source of surplus value and as an apparatus of social control. The aim of this article is to develop Pasquinelli’s thesis by examining the temporal scope of these emerging societies of metadata. In particular, this article employs Guattari’s distinction between human and machinic times. Through these two concepts, this article attempts to show how societies of metadata combine the two poles of capitalist power formations as identified by Deleuze and Guattari, i.e. social subjection and machinic enslavement. It begins by presenting the notion of metadata in order to identify some of the defining traits of contemporary capitalism. It then examines Berardi’s account of the temporality of the attention economy from the perspective of the asymmetric relation between cyber-time and human time. The third section challenges Berardi’s definition of the temporality of the attention economy by using Guattari’s notions of human and machinic times. Parts four and five fall back upon Deleuze and Guattari’s notions of machinic surplus labour and machinic enslavement, respectively. The concluding section tries to show that machinic and human times constitute two poles of contemporary power formations that articulate the temporal dimension of societies of metadata.
Media Policy Fetishism
Authors: Freedman Des
Published: April 2018

Why do ordinary users have so little input into or interest in the formal decisionmaking processes that shape our media systems? This presentation suggests that we focus on the fetishism of the media policy process, understood as the loss of control over the decisionmaking arena and as the outsourcing of political agency to external forces. It focuses on both the dimensions of ‘everyday fetishism’ (its capacity to naturalize commodification processes and to reify social life) as well as its relevance to media policy in particular. It reflects on how a fetishistic policy distorts key policy principles, restricts access to policymaking arenas and mystifies the process as a whole so that it becomes a ‘spectral’ activity from which ordinary citizens are largely excluded. Des Freedman invites us to consider ways in which publics can re-connect themselves to the policy process and, in doing so, to invigorate and democratize the struggles for media justice we face today.Acknowledgement: This podcast is an audio-recoding of a talk that took place in the University of Westminster's Communication and Media Research Institute (CAMRI)'s research seminar on March 11, 2015.
Internships, Workfare, and the Cultural Industries: A British Perspective
Authors: Lee David
Published: April 2018

While media work has long been characterized as being structurally dependent on internships, “work experience,” and other forms of free labour (Banks 2007; Hesmondhalgh and Baker 2010), the recent shift towards internships has served to normalize what has become known as the media industries “dirty little secret” (Silver 2005). This article contextualizes internship culture within the British cultural industries against a wider political and social frame. Internships and other modes of “apprenticeship” across the British economy reflect a continuation and transformation of national workfare policies, which seek to avert inflationary pressures by coercing people to work or risk losing their welfare benefits. Internship culture has been highly pronounced in the cultural industries and other attractive white-collar sectors such as law and finance (Perlin 2012). Yet, the provision of internships to young people in previously unimaginable contexts such as fast food, retail, and other low-pay service sectors represents a significant shift in policy, compounded by increasingly draconian demands on young people to comply in order to receive state benefits. Discursively, unpaid media work is now seen as an opportunity for the lucky few, rather than a mode of exploitation servicing corporate gain. This has particular relevance for battles over equality and exploitation which have been fought in these sectors, which this discursive shift makes appear increasingly archaic.
Base, Superstructure and the Irish Property Crash—Towards a Crisis Theory of Communications
Authors: Silke Henry
Published: April 2018

Since the onset of the “great recession” there have been key debates around various aspects of crisis theory, most notably around the areas of the rate of profit (Brenner 2009; Kliman 2012), under-consumption/overproduction (Clarke 1990a, 442–467) and fiancialisation (Duménil and Lévy 2004). This paper maintains that communications and the media are key though non-deterministic elements of the contemporary market system, and proposes a move towards a crisis theory of communications. This research reflects the Marxist concept of base and superstructure, beyond a perceived notion of economic determinism, but rather as a dialectical relationship between various superstructures, in this case the state and the media, and the economic base including the various aspects of class power inherent within. The mass media, advertising, and ICT play an increasingly important role in both market systems and capitalist crises. This role directly impinges on the dissemination of information to market actors as well as the reflexive and dialectical nature of the processes by which actors respond to market information. Further, the media serve as an ideological apparatus, resource or arena, which acts to naturalise the market through what this research describes as a market orientated framing mechanism (Preston and Silke 2011b). Peter Thompson (2003; 2013, 208–227) contends that communication is an integral and reflexive part of the contemporary market system. As he puts it, there is a complex relationship between the producers and distributors of economic information, and those who use that information to make decisions about investment and trade. Many studies point to the convergence of flows of information such as those on 24-hour news channels, business channels and Internet blogs and sites with market activity itself. For Wayne Hope, (2010, 649–669) information broadcast on such media by bankers, stockbrokers and traders themselves tends to be self-serving and inevitably leads to “a real time feedback loop that proliferates then contributes to the growth and collapse of speculative bubbles” [ibid, 665]). Finally, we must note how the mass media also play a pervasive and important role in the commodification process through advertising and indeed comprises a part of the circulation of capital itself (Garnham 1979, 122–146; Fuchs 2009b, 369–402; Fuchs 2009a). This paper, by way of example, looks at three key moments in the Irish economic crisis and briefly looks at their treatment by sections of the press: The Irish property market on the run up to the 2007 general election on the cusp of the Irish crash, the blanket bank guarantee of 2008, where the state effectively guaranteed the debts of the entire Irish banking system in its totality, and finally the introduction of the National Asset Management Agency, a state sponsored bad bank aimed at cleaning up the (then) private banking industry. The paper uses these examples to consider the role of the media and its relationship to both the markets and political policy.