bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMISING SPRINT PERFORMANCE: CONCURRENT VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF 25HZ GNSS UNITS FOR SPEED PROFILING
Authors: Dennison Louis , Duthie Grant. M. , Psarakis Michael. A.
Published: May 2024

Sprint performance profiling is crucial for understanding an athlete’s capabilities and identifying potential areas for improvement. While traditional gold standard systems provide valid and reliable measurements, they are often costly, laboratory-based, or impractical for field-based settings. New GNSS units (25Hz) with higher sampling rates may address some of these limitations. The purpose of the project was to evaluate the concurrent validity and inter-unit reliability of 25Hz GNSS units by examining their agreement with laser devices for velocity measurements and timing gates for interval times. Validity was assessed during a track and field training session. 30 participants performed between 3 and 6 sprints over 40m whilst being assessed simultaneously through all systems. Inter-unit reliability was assessed on a closed athletics track by placing 3 GNSS units on a motor vehicle and completing 60 accelerations from 0-60m. Low mean bias (<1%) and typical error less than <2% for all measurements demonstrate excellent agreement between GNSS and criterion devices. The units demonstrated good reliability for the 0-10m interval (ICC = 0.86), excellent reliability for all remaining 10m intervals to 60m (ICC = 0.91-0.99), full times 0-60m (ICC = 0.97) and maximal sprint velocity (ICC = 1.0). These GNSS units offer a more efficient and practical alternative to traditional measurement devices. For coaches, this technology offers a scalable method to concurrently assess the sprint performances of multiple athletes during training and competitions, enabling evidence-based decisions to guide athletic development.
PASIFIKA MOVING: A CO-DESIGNED AND CULTURALLY INCLUSIVE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAM FOR PASIFIKA COMMUNITIES IN WESTERN SYDNEY
Authors: Lederman Dr Oscar , Caperchione Professor Cristina
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS

Pasifika migrant communities in Western Sydney, including Tongan, Samoan, Cook Islander, Fijian, and Māori face significant health disparities including higher rates of obesity, Type two diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Modifiable risk factors including physical inactivity are primary drivers. Previous lifestyle interventions have been unsuccessful due to inadequate community consultation. This study aims to work with Western Sydney’s Pasifika community to design and deliver a sustainable and culturally responsive physical activity program.

METHODS

The project comprises two phases. Phase A involved 2 co-design workshops or ‘Talanoas’, comprising community leaders, service users, caregivers, Pasifika practitioners, and Academics. Participatory research methods including mixed qualitative and quantitative methods were used to understand barriers, facilitators and preferences for a tailored physical activity program. Phase B, set to commence in 2024 includes the implementation of this program, which will be evaluated for its feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness.

RESULTS

Phase 1 co-design included consultation with 24 individuals including; Pasifika community members, Pasifika community leaders, service users, Pasifika clinicians, and Academics. Results exposed essential cultural and practical considerations for the physical activity program. Pasifika Mothers were identified as a priority group considering their influential role within family structures and the broader Pasifika community. A focus on community-led, sustainable, accessible, and enjoyable group-based activity was evident. Co-design sessions were rated as highly acceptable.

CONCLUSION

The study not only lays the foundation for both Pasifika Moving, but also will inform future community health initiatives which target health disparities in under-served and culturally diverse communities. Pasifika Moving is an example of an initiative that is designed by, for, and led by the community. The outcomes from this study have broader implications to improve health equity and enhance the healthcare landscape by developing culturally competent healthcare professionals and services.
EXPLORATION OF PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE CAPACITIES IN EMERGING ADOLESCENT SURFING TALENT
Authors: Zuin Tyson , Conlon Dr Jenny , Cripps Dr Ashley
Published: May 2024

Open water surfing conditions are unpredictable and dynamic, requiring athletes to possess well-rounded physical attributes to compete successfully. Current research focuses on adolescent athletes in competitive pathways at state and national levels, however few studies have explored the emerging talent pathway where most athletes compete. Further, adolescent female surfers are underrepresented in surfing research. This study aimed to examine the physical performance capacities of emerging adolescent athletes within a state surfing talent pathway and explore how these athletic properties vary between different sex and age cohorts. Participants (age: 13.89 ± 1.29 years) were recruited from state-based competitions (female n=14, male n=20) during the 2022-2023 season. Athletes completed a testing battery inclusive of anthropometric measures, upper and lower body strength, and power outcomes (dynamic push-up, isometric push-up, counter-movement jump, and isometric mid-thigh pull). Findings revealed significant between sex differences for anthropometric measures, with females demonstrating greater height, body mass and body fat compared to males. However, there were no significant strength or power differences evidence between males and females. Age group comparisons highlighted under-16 female athletes demonstrated superior, but non-significant, upper body strength compared to under-14 females. Contrastingly, under-16 male athletes reported significantly greater lower body strength and power outcomes relative to their younger counterparts. In conclusion, this study provides coaches with greater insight into the development of strength and power in adolescent surfing athletes involved in emerging talent pathways.
ENHANCING FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE WITH ECCENTRIC CYCLING TRAINING IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Stauborg Ms Lucy , Mairoana Prof Andrew , Haynes Mr Andrew , Hillis Prof Graham , Dembo Dr Lawrence , Nosaka Prof Kazunori , Green Mr Daniel John , Naylor Ms Louise H.
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

Exercise training is recommended for comprehensive management of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, limited exercise capacity prevents many patients from gaining optimal training benefit. Given eccentric cycling is well tolerated in HFrEF, and enables greater power output, we hypothesized that eccentric cycling training would result in superior functional outcomes than concentric cycling training when the interventions were matched for heart rate (HR).

METHODS

Forty-five participants (9♀, 57±13 y; BMI 27±5 kg/m2) with HFrEF (ejection fraction 33±10%, New York Heart Association class II) were randomized in a 1:1 superiority clinical trial to either eccentric cycling training (ET, n = 25) or concentric cycling training (CT, n = 20). Each intervention involved 2-weeks of familiarization and 12-weeks of training at matched relative intensity (40-80% of HR reserve), twice weekly. Primary outcome was peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak), secondary outcomes included 6-minute walk, functional lower extremity strength and health-related quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure, MLHF).

RESULTS

Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant interaction effects for 6-min walk (ET 476±77 to 547±80 m vs CT 485±106 to 516±113 m, P=0.015), 30s sit-to-stand (ET 12±3 to 16±3 repetitions vs CT 13±4 to 14±3 repetitions, P=0.002), and timed up-and-go (ET 7.2±1.2 to 6.2±1.1 s vs CT 7.6±1.5 to 7.3±1.9 s, P=0.019). There were significant time effects for V̇O2peak (ET: 17.7±4.8 to 19.1±5.2 ml/kg/min and CT 17.4±6.0 to 19.8±6.0 ml/kg/min, P<0.001), and MLWHF (ET 31±24 to 23±16 and CT 32±19 to 27±16, P=0.003).

CONCLUSION

When matched for heart rate to control cardiovascular burden, ET demonstrated superior effect in functional capacity, and similar benefits in aerobic capacity (V̇O2peak) and health-related quality of life, when compared to CT. ET is a novel and efficacious approach for clinical benefit in highly compromised HFrEF patients, who represent a challenge in terms of exercise prescription.
“CLIMBING IS MY WEAPON” – A PSYCHOSOCIAL BOULDERING INTERVENTION FOR ADOLESCENTS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF ADOLESCENTS IN LEBANON
Authors: Luttenberger Prof. Dr. Katharina , Rosenbaum Simon , Najem Charbel , Baggenstoß Beat
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS

Previous research highlights the positive effects of physical activity, also climbing therapy, on mental health, including benefits on depression and self-esteem. Recognising the mental health challenges faced by young people in Lebanon, particularly in the context of multiple crises and forced displacement, this interventional study explores the benefits of a psychosocial climbing programme in eastern Lebanon.

METHODS

In collaboration with the non-profit organisation ClimbAID, this waitlist-controlled, partially randomised, mixed-methods study examines the effects of an eight-week psychosocial bouldering group intervention on overall mental well-being, levels of psychological distress, self-efficacy and social cohesion among a group of host and refugee youth in the Bekaa Valley. Qualitative interviews with 40 participants provide insights into their experiences, lessons learned and subjective outcomes. The intervention, delivered by 2 trained facilitators and up to 2 volunteers, took place weekly for 2 hours with groups of up to 12 young people.

RESULTS

With 233 participants, the trial had a dropout rate of approximately 33%. The intervention group showed significant improvements in overall mental well-being and psychological distress compared with the waitlist groups. Group allocation was the only significant predictor of improved mental well-being, in addition to baseline scores. While no significant differences in self-efficacy and social cohesion were observed, qualitative analysis revealed that participants highly valued the non-judgmental approach, highlighting significant benefits in interpersonal relationships and mental well-being.

CONCLUSION

In the challenging humanitarian context of forced displacement, the psychosocial bouldering intervention effectively enhanced well-being and reduced psychological distress among host and refugee youth in Bekaa, Lebanon. As a group intervention, bouldering emerges as a valuable option for supporting host and refugee populations in low-income countries.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: ARE RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS REPRESENTATIVE OF REAL-WORLD PATIENTS?
Authors: Tran Mr Thai Binh , Tahir Ms Noor Ul Eman , Bates Mr Alexander , Nguyễn Ms Jennifer , Hassan Doctor Hicham Ibrahim Cheikh , Thom A/Prof Jeanette , Sen Dr Shaundeep , Lambert Assoc Prof Kelly , Arnold Ria
Published: May 2024

Physical activity is important to maintain good health for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, people with CKD often have a complex health status which necessitates advice tailored to their safety profile. As such, this study aimed to review clinical practice recommendations on physical activity for people with CKD and evaluate how representative research participants are compared to a real-world cohort.

A systematic search was completed to identify physical activity recommendations for people with CKD Stage 3-5. Primary studies that informed these recommendations were identified and data extracted. Meta-analysis of proportion was undertaken for sex, age, and comorbidities and compared to n=679 people with CKD from the Centre for Health Research Illawarra-Shoalhaven Population database.

There were 17 physical activity recommendations for people with CKD. Thirteen provided physical activity guidelines for general adult populations. Three provided specific guidance on exercise prescription. Thirty-four primary studies informed these recommendations, including 22 intervention (65%); 6 aetiology (18%); 4 prognosis (12%); and 2 screening studies (6%). Twelve interventional studies were randomised controlled trials (55%). Primary intervention studies comprised 1,792 participants. Compared to the real-world cohort, research participants were significantly younger (mean age 59.7 vs 78.2); had higher proportions of male (60% vs 51%), hypertension (89% vs 80%) and peripheral vascular disease (12% vs 6%); but lower proportions of coronary artery disease (16% vs 20%) and diabetes (35% vs 38%).

Physical activity recommendations for people with CKD lacked specific, tailored advice to address the complex health status and safety profile of people with CKD. Primary intervention studies that inform these recommendations included participants that were younger and had different comorbid profile when compared to a real-world cohort. Future intervention trials with pragmatic design are needed to improve the evidence base and specificity of recommendations.
ASSESSING THE RESPONSE OF HYPERTHERMIC MEN AND WOMEN TO THE CURRENT COLD-WATER IMMERSION GUIDELINES FOR EXERTIONAL HEAT STROKE TREATMENT
Authors: Hutchins Miss Kate , Sotomaior Ms Bruna Bittencourt , Gibson Mr Alexander , Borg Dr David , Minett A/Prof Geoffrey , Stewart Prof Ian
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

According to best-practice guidelines, whole-body cold-water immersion is the most effective treatment for exertional heat stroke. How women respond to this treatment has received limited consideration despite some evidence suggesting women may cool more rapidly than men. This research evaluated the suitability of the existing exertional heat stroke guidelines for women.

METHODS

Endurance trained men (n=20, VO2max: 52.5±7.3 ml/kg/min, Body surface area (BSA): 1.63±0.77, Body fat %: 14.3±6.8, Lean mass %: 81.4±6.7) and women (n=18, VO2max: 46.7±5.3 ml/kg/min, BSA: 1.68±0.13, Body fat %: 26.1±6.3, Lean mass %: 69.6±6.1) ran in the heat (40°C, RH 20-40%) until their rectal temperature reached 39.5°C or above. Individuals were then immersed to the clavicle in a 2°C circulated water bath until rectal temperature lowered to 38.6°C. Rectal temperature was assessed throughout. Linear regression models were used to analyse immersion time.

RESULTS

Immersion time was not statistically different between men and women (mean difference [95% CI] = 68.4 sec [-48.9, 185.6]; p = 0.24) after adjusting for rectal temperature on immersion. The 90% confidence interval on the mean difference spanned from -30 sec to positive 2 min 45 sec, meaning that relatively large effects, favouring a longer immersion time for males, could not be ruled out, and therefore, the results are inconclusive. A model containing sex, immersion rectal temperature, and BSA explained the highest proportion of variance in immersion time (38%) compared to when lean mass (32%) or fat mass (34%) were included instead of BSA.

CONCLUSION

There was weak evidence that hyperthermic females cooled more rapidly than hyperthermic males during cold-water immersion (2°C); thus with further enquiry, females may require a shorter immersion time than males to reach the safety cooling limit. Future studies are needed to investigate the effect of BSA, lean and fat mass on cooling rate in heat stroke cases.
PERSPECTIVES OF PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE REGARDING DIGITAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS THAT PROMOTE A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE: QUALITATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Tran Mr Thai Binh , Ambrens Dr Meghan , Nguyễn Ms Jennifer , Coleman Ms Eve , Gilanyi Mr Yannick , Letton Meg , Pandit Mr Anurag , Lock Mr Logan , Thom Jeanette , Sen Shaundeep , Lambert Kelly , Arnold Ria
Published: May 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a life-limiting condition that affects 1 in 10 adults and accounts for 12% of all deaths in Australia. Diet and physical activity are crucial to attenuate disease progression and reduce mortality risk. Digital health interventions have been proposed as a feasible model to deliver lifestyle interventions. Users’ perspectives are key to ensure the intervention is aligned with their needs and goals. As such, this systematic review aimed to synthesise the perspectives of people with CKD and develop higher order concepts that elucidate users’ preferences regarding digital health interventions that promote heathy lifestyle.

This was a qualitative systematic review. A database search was conducted on CENTRAL, Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus between 2000-2023. Eligibility criteria included primary research that reported the preferences of adults with CKD regarding digital lifestyle interventions. Two independent reviewers completed title, abstract and full text screening. Quotes were extracted verbatim, coded and categorised. Categories were then used to generate themes.

Database search identified 5,761 records. One additional record was included following communication with a primary author. Fifteen papers were eligible, including 197 participants (age 51.0±7.2 years; 47% female). There were 83 people with CKD 1-5; 61 transplant recipients; and 53 people receiving maintenance dialysis. The overarching theme identified was that people with CKD considered digital interventions to be important platforms to access lifestyle interventions. There were five underlying themes that elucidated users’ preferences for digital interventions, including simple instruction and engaging design; individualised interventions; virtual communities of care; education and action plans; and timely reminders and automated behavioural monitoring.

Digital health interventions were considered important platforms to deliver lifestyle interventions. Future research may apply users’ preferences in this review to inform the development and conduct of a digital lifestyle intervention for people with CKD.
HEALTHY LIFESTYLES PROGRAM IN AN OUTPATIENT SETTING (HELPOUT)
Authors: Dowla Dr Rhiannon , Lintzeris Prof Nicholas , Burdess Mr Matthew , Mills Dr Llew , Murnion Assoc. Prof Bridin , Machan Dr Elizabeth , Mavros Dr Yorgi , Rooney Assoc. Prof Kieron
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS

Substance use disorder is a major public health concern and is associated with elevated rates of physical illnesses. It is known that exercise is safe in a substance use population, with engagement in exercise being reported to increase periods of abstinence, metabolic health, and physical capacity. There is little evidence exploring the willingness and capacity of a substance use patient to perform exercise. This study explores the physical activity habits and preferences of substance use patients, their capacity to perform exercise and the impact of acute exercise on psychological outcomes.

METHODS

Participants accessing opioid maintenance therapy were recruited from drug and alcohol clinics in metropolitan Sydney. 98 participants completed questionnaires assessing recent exercise and diet, quality of life, and anthropometry. Of these, 22 participants also completed fitness testing with changes in mood assessed acutely.

RESULTS

46% of participants reported planned physical activity however only 32% met ACSM guidelines. Higher levels of perceived physical health and quality of life had a notable positive association with volume of planned exercise completed. 95% of the cohort were interested in participating in an exercise program, with a lack of motivation and having an injury being the primary barriers to participation. 19.6% reported levels of extreme pain compared to 6.4% of the Australian population. Exercise capacity varied, with average performance in upper body endurance and hand grip strength assessments, but poor capacity in lower limb strength, balance and functional capacity. An acute bout of exercise lead to an increase in positive affect (p<0.001) and a decrease in negative affect (p=0.011).

CONCLUSIONS

Exercise therapy has the potential to offer numerous benefits to patients seeking treatment for opioid use disorder, with planned physical activity correlation with improved physical and mental health outcomes. Clinical support from exercise physiologists is needed to assist in overcoming barriers to exercise and managing comorbid medical conditions.
FITNESS FOR RECOVERY- FEASABILITY AND IMPACT OF AN EXERCISE PROGRAM DURING RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION
Authors: Dowla Dr Rhiannon , Stubley Mrs Carolyn , Hardy Miss Scarlett , Fraser Miss Phoebe , Murnion Assoc. Prof Bridin , Machan Dr Elizabeth , Mavros Dr Yorgi , Rooney Assoc. Prof Kieron
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS

Opioid use disorder has the lowest quality of life (QOL) and highest disease burden of all substance use disorders (SUD). While opioid treatment does improve QOL, it remains below that of the general population. Previous reviews have indicated that exercise offers benefits for QOL, however the evidence in an opioid treatment population is lacking. This study investigates the feasibility and impact of a 10-week exercise intervention on QOL and mood in a residential rehabilitation program.

METHODS

Participants admitted to an opioid substitution program within the We Help Ourselves (WHOS) rehabilitation service in Sydney, NSW Australia were invited to participate in a 10-week exercise intervention. Participants completed baseline screening assessing QOL, mood, exercise habits, and a fitness assessment. Willing participants then completed a twice weekly program delivered as part of the group therapy program. Sessions typically consisted of bodyweight exercises such as squats and push ups, and boxing. Following the completion of the training program assessments were repeated. Within group pre-post measures for QOL and mood outcomes were analysed using two-way ANOVA. This clinical trial was registered with Australia New Zealand clinical trial registry (ACTRN12622000213741).

RESULTS

45 Participants completed baseline assessments with nine participants completing the intervention and follow up assessment. Significant improvements were seen in QOL (p=0.005), Psychological distress (p<.001), and PCL-5 scores (p=.011). Participants performed well in grip strength, but below norms in all other exercise assessments. Exercise capacity improved following the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

Exercise programs are both feasible and beneficial when run as part of SUD improving a range of QOL and mood outcomes. Exercise capacity was generally poor, however improved through the course of the study, often nearing population norms. Exercise should be integrated widely as an adjunct therapy for SUD.
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF FULLTRACK AI APP TO MEASURE CRICKET BALL SPEED UNDER TRAINING CONDITIONS
Authors: Shorter Dr Kathleen , Tissera Kevin , Huynh Dr Minh , Benson Professor Amanda
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

Radar guns are commonly used to accurately and reliably measure ball speed(1), a key cricket bowling performance indicator. App-based approaches, such as Fulltrack AI, are gaining popularity. This study investigated the reliability and validity of Fulltrack AI to measure cricket ball speed compared to a validated radar gun(1).

METHODS

Ball speed of 1081 deliveries (pace=783; spin=298) from a range of training sessions and conditions (batter, no batter; indoor and outdoor wickets) were recorded simultaneously using a radar gun (Stalker ATS2) and iPad running Fulltrack AI (version 1.13.1). Fulltrack AI data (ball speed (km/hr), line, length (m)) were extracted post-session for tabulation with radar gun data. Statistical analyses were conducted in R Statistical Software independently for bowling type (pace, spin) following exclusion of outliers. Reliability was assessed with standard error of measurement (SEM), coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Agreement was assessed using Bland Altman’s, 95% limits of agreement (LOA)(2). Validity was assessed using generalised additive models (GAM), controlling for line, length and interaction of training conditions.

RESULTS

Whilst reliability coefficients for pace deliveries demonstrated very good agreement (ICC=0.90; SEM=2.61) and lower variability (CV=2.56%) in contrast to spin (ICC=0.76; SEM=2.17; CV=3.08%); LOA demonstrated poor to fair levels of agreement, exceeding maximal allowable differences (>3%). When controlling for line, length and training conditions, GAMs ‘average model’ identified Fulltrack AI significantly (p<0.05) overestimated ball speed (pace: estimate 2.58km/hr, SE=1.24; spin: estimate 3.93km/hr, SE=0.81) when compared to the radar gun.

CONCLUSION

Fulltrack AI is a reliable method for monitoring ball speed where accuracy is not of paramount importance. Significant overestimation of ball speed in contrast with a radar gun, even after controlling for different training conditions, suggests software refinement is required before such technology is readily adopted for the measurement of speed.

 

 

1.Smith & Burke (2021) 2.Bland & Altman (1986)
THE VALIDITY OF USING THE FULLTRACK AI APP TO DETERMINE CRICKET BOWLING LINE AND LENGTH COMPARED TO 3D MOTION CAPTURE
Authors: Tissera Mr Kevin , Shorter Dr Kathleen , Huynh Dr Minh , Benson Professor Amanda
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

A bowler’s ability to manipulate line and length of a delivery is a key performance attribute in cricket. 3D-motion capture (3DMocap), the gold standard in quantifying ball trajectories1 lacks ecological validity2. Fulltrack AI app may provide a feasible alternative to quantify and provide immediate ball trajectory feedback. This study explored the validity of Fulltrack AI to measure ball landing position compared with 3DMocap.

METHODS

836 deliveries under various conditions (pace, spin; bowled, thrown (SidearmTM); batter, no batter), were recorded using a Qualisys 8-camera 3DMocap system and iPad running Fulltrack AI (version 1.13.1). Line and length were extracted from Quintic Spline filtered 3DMocap data and tabulated with Fulltrack AI data. Statistical analyses were conducted in R Statistical Software following removal of outliers. Bland Altman’s, 95% limits of agreement (LOA)3 were calculated, with line and length interaction further explored using 95% confidence ellipse area (CEA) to assess practical difference between 3DMocap and Fulltrack AI relative to ball landing position. Validity between Fulltrack AI and 3DMocap, and the interaction of conditions, were assessed with generalised additive models (GAMs).

RESULTS

Whilst LOA (line= -0.15 to 0.10; length= -0.88 to 0.27) demonstrated good agreement, CEA ranged from 0.17m2 to 0.42m2 depending on ball landing location relative to the stumps (2-4m or >8m, respectively). GAMs ‘average model’ established no significant (p>0.05) difference between 3DMocap and Fulltrack AI, or the interaction effects of training conditions.

CONCLUSION

Although Fulltrack AI appears statistically and ecologically valid in identifying cricket ball landing position, practitioners should be cognisant that practically, error varies relative to where on the wicket a ball lands. Thus, hindering the accuracy of feedback if needing to precisely quantify ball landing position when using Fulltrack AI app.
COMBINED HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING FOR PEOPLE WITH DISORDERS OF GUT BRAIN INTERACTION: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Durney Ms Jacinta , Coombes Prof Jeff , Young Dr Myles , Talley Prof Nicholas , Plotnikoff Prof Ronald , Hoedt Dr Emily , Cox Dr Emily
Published: May 2024

AIMS

The efficacy of high intensity exercise for improving symptoms of chronic idiopathic constipation, a highly prevalent disorder of gut brain interaction (DGBI), remains uncertain. The aim of this case report was to investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of 8-weeks of combined high-intensity interval training (C-HIIT) for a person (female, 23 years old) with chronic constipation.

METHODS

The participant enrolled in the C-HIIT for DGBI controlled trial that aims to recruit 32 participants with DGBI. Following comprehensive assessments of gastrointestinal symptoms, neuromuscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness and mental health, the participant completed an 8-week intervention consisting of thrice weekly 26-minute C-HIIT sessions. These consisted of a 3-minute aerobic warm-up (treadmill; 50-60% peak heart rate [HRpeak]) followed by 4-minutes of high-intensity aerobic exercise at ≥85% HRpeak. After 1-minute rest, eight whole body resistance exercises were performed. These involved continuous repetitions with good technique for 1-minute at an ≥8/10 (very hard) rating of perceived exertion; 1-minute rest separated each exercise. Adverse events were recorded throughout the intervention.

RESULTS

The participant adhered to the intervention, attending 100% of sessions and reaching the prescribed intensity for 100% of aerobic and 80% of resistance exercises. Efficacy of the exercise training was indicated by a reduction in the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms measured via the irritable bowel syndrome-symptom severity scale (from 111 to 100) and the structured assessment of gastroIntestinal symptoms (39 to 12). There were some improvements in neuromuscular fitness (handgrip strength: 27 to 29.5 kg, 30-second sit to stands: 12 to 10 repetitions) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max: 36.7 to 38.2 mL/kg/min). No changes were observed in mental health (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale), and one non-serious adverse event (nausea post-eating), which was deemed not related to the intervention.

CONCLUSION

The C-HIIT intervention in a person with DGBI was feasible, efficacious and safe.
WALKING WITH BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION: A NOVEL METHOD TO IMPROVE PHYSICAL FITNESS IN OLDER ADULTS?
Authors: Beere Mr Michael , Raj Dr Isaac Selva , Peiffer Professor Jeremiah , Hill Professor Keith , Edwards Dr Peter , Brown Dr Belinda , Scott Associate Professor Brendan
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS

Alternative physical activity modalities and methods are needed to combat low adherence among older populations. Therefore, we are investigating whether blood flow restricted (BFR) walking improves measures of lower limb strength, and functional performance, compared to traditional walking in older adults.

METHODS

Healthy adults ≥60 years were randomised into BFR (n=5) or non-BFR (n=4) walking groups. Both groups walked outdoors, 3 days/week for 12 weeks starting at 4km/h and increasing walking speed by 0.5km/h every 4 weeks. The BFR group walked for 25min with BFR applied (60% arterial occlusion pressure) to the lower limbs in 2x 10mins bouts (separated by 5mins walking without occlusion). The non-BFR group walked for 50mins without occlusion, matching current best practice for low-moderate intensity physical activity. Participants were assessed at baseline and post-intervention (12 weeks) for knee extension maximal voluntary torque (MVTpeak) and functional capacity (four square step test [4SST], 5x sit-to-stand [STS], timed up and go [TUG], gait speed, and 6-minute walk test [6mWT]).

RESULTS

There were no differences at baseline between groups (p>0.05). Both groups improved across all measures from baseline to post-intervention, with significant effects for time observed for: 4SST (7.92±1.2s – 6.83±1.39s; p=0.035), TUG (6.16±0.81s – 5.58±0.9s; p=0.04), STS (11.30±1.70s – 10.14±1.7s; p=0.032), but not for gait speed (3.98±0.69s – 3.71±0.69s; p=0.456), 6mWT (564.72±72.13m – 601.27±64.2m; p=0.129) and MVTpeak (112.33±25.8Nm – 120.55±23.5Nm; p=0.995). No group x time effect was observed from baseline to 12 weeks (p>0.05).

The current results demonstrate significant improvements in functional measures (4SST, TUG, STS) from baseline to post-intervention, with no differences observed between groups. This indicates that low-intensity BFR walking may provide comparable physical fitness improvements to non-BFR walking while completing only 50% of the volume.
VIRTUAL-REALITY PAIN SCIENCE POSITIVELY IMPACTS PAIN AND FUNCTION, RETURN TO WORK, CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE AND RETURN ON INVESTMENT: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Sinclair Mr Chris , Craven Mr Michael , Phillips Dr Vicky
Published: May 2024

CASE SETTING

52-year-old male client referred for post-operative cervical-spine two-level fusion rehabilitation, two-years following a motor accident. History of prior motor accident five-years earlier with cervical-spine discectomy resolving symptoms. Referred under compensable insurance policy with 13-years claim benefit remaining. Referral objective to restore health and function for return-to-work (RTW). Experiencing intolerable neck pain with reduced left arm function, pain medication side effects, and low mood. Loss of hope resulting from significant pain post-operatively, whereas prior surgery resolved similar symptoms. Not working at referral. Pre-disability work was full-time self-employed barista.

TREATMENT/REHABILITATION PROVIDED

Six hours of EXPHYS BETTER Pain VR program, consisting of virtual-reality (VR) pain science coached by an exercise physiologist (AEP) over 10-weeks, face-to-face, within the pain mechanism and bio-psycho-social models. Learning consisted of VR modules and workbook with practical application of six key target pain concepts: pain is always real, doesn’t accurately measure tissue health, relies on context, is a protector, has a buffer zone, and can be retrained. Two functional goals of self-care and cooking were established, and RTW.

RESULTS

Validated inventories demonstrated self-reported improvements in; pain intensity: 11 item numerical pain rating scale, range: 0-10 points [8 referral; 1 closure]; and function; two 11-item patient-specific functional scale [self-care, cooking], range: 0-20 points) [2 referral; 16 closure]. Work mindset improved from pre-contemplation [referral] to maintenance [closure]. Work capacity improved from no capacity to full capacity. Work status improved from not working to working pre-disability hours and duties. Insurance claim closed. Direct return-on-investment of $300 for every $1 spent on the EXPHYS BETTER Pain VR Program. Client net promotor score (NPS) was promoter (10/10), and customer satisfaction (CSAT) was very satisfied (5/5).

REFLECTIONS/LEARNINGS

Virtual-reality pain science, delivered by an AEP within the pain mechanisms model, positively impacts pain and function, RTW, and customer experience, with demonstrated return-on-investment.
BLUNTED SKELETAL MUSCLE MICROVASCULAR BLOOD FLOW IS A POTENTIAL UNDERLYING MECHANISM FOR EXERCISE INTOLERANCE IN ADULTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Way Dr Kimberley , Parker Dr Lewan , Thomas Dr Hannah , O’Gorman Ms Sian , Brayner Dr Barbara , McVicar Dr. Jenna , Verdicchio Dr. Christian , Maddison Prof. Ralph , Wong Geoff , Reed Jennifer , Keske Michelle
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS

Approximately 45% of adults living with atrial fibrillation (AF) experience exercise intolerance (EI). However, the mechanisms of EI in AF are not well understood. We aimed to determine whether impaired skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow (MBF), not macrovascular, responses to peak exercise is a plausible explanation for EI in adults with AF.

METHODS

Adults with AF and healthy controls completed a Modified Bruce treadmill protocol to obtain peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak). Skeletal muscle microvascular blood volume, velocity, and flow in the vastus lateralis muscle was assessed using contrast enhanced ultrasound. Superficial femoral artery diameter, blood velocity and flow were assessed using 2D and Doppler ultrasound. Vascular measurements were collected at rest, immediately post-exercise, and 30 minutes post-exercise.

RESULTS

Nine adults with AF (age: 62±5 years, 66% females, BMI: 29.7±4.2 kg/m2, V̇O2peak: 24.3±6.1 mL/kg/min) and seven controls (age: 63±10 years, 57% females, BMI: 26.7±1.7 kg/m2, V̇O2peak: 31.0±7.5 mL/kg/min) participated. One participant was in AF during testing. A significant group x time interaction in skeletal muscle MBF (p=0.04) and near significant interaction in blood volume (capillary recruitment, p=0.08) was observed. Post-hoc analysis revealed adults with AF had a significantly blunted MBF at 30 minutes post-exercise (-1.3 fold versus control, p=0.01) and reduced microvascular blood volume (i.e. capillary recruitment) pre- and 30 minutes post-exercise (-6.6 fold [p=0.01] and -9.4 fold [p=0.01] versus controls). No differences were observed for changes in skeletal muscle microvascular blood velocity, or femoral artery diameter, blood velocity or flow.

CONCLUSION

Despite similar femoral artery blood flow responses, adults with AF have lower skeletal muscle MBF responses to peak exercise which may be driven by a reduced capillary recruitment in the skeletal muscle. Our findings provide new insight into vascular complications which may partially explain EI in those with AF.
THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF EXERCISE IN DELAYING GENETIC DESTINY: EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXERCISE AND KEY BIOMARKERS IN DOMINANTLY INHERITED ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Brown Associate Professor Belinda , Sewell Dr Kelsey , Doecke Dr James , Sohrabi Professor Hamid , Peifer Professor Jeremiah , Rainey-Smith Associate Professor Stephanie , Martins Professor Ralph
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

Greater physical activity is associated with reduced risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and lower levels of AD-related biomarkers, such as beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain. A small proportion of Alzheimer’s disease (<1%) cases are caused by a rare dominant genetic mutation. The aim of the current study was to examine associations between self-reported exercise participation and AD-related biomarkers (from CSF and brain imaging) over time, in individuals we know will develop Alzheimer’s disease at an early age (i.e., dominant AD mutation carriers).

METHODS

The sample included n = 308 mutation carriers from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network (DIAN) study with data available for self-reported exercise participation, brain imaging (hippocampal volume, total brain volume, gray matter volume, white matter hyperintensities, brain Aβ levels), and biomarkers quantified from CSF (several Aβ and tau species and ratios). Participants were assessed regularly (time interval depending on mutation type) from baseline to 10+ years post-baseline. Associations between exercise and AD biomarkers (i.e., from brain imaging and CSF) were examined using linear mixed models, corrected for various confounding variables.

RESULTS

The sample had a mean age of 39.7 ± 10.8 years and were 56% female. Greater baseline exercise was associated with a slower decrease in right (B=0.06, p < 0.001) and left (B=0.06, p<0.05) hippocampal volume; and slower accumulation of brain Aβ (B=0.04, p<0.001).

CONCLUSION

These findings demonstrate that exercise is associated with more favourable profiles of AD-related biomarkers in those with ADAD mutations. This work may have implications for our understanding of how exercise influences disease development in late-onset sporadic AD. Nevertheless, the causal direction of our findings is difficult to ascertain, and future study designs investigating the therapeutic potential of exercise in both ADAD and late-onset AD should be considered.
USE OF POST-EXERCISE RECOVERY STRATEGIES IN TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
Authors: Plumb Dr Mandy
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

The study aims to identify perceptions of recovery and actual post-exercise recovery utilized by team and individual athletes in Far North Queensland.

METHODS

The recovery techniques used by team and individual sport athletes of different competition levels was investigated by survey. Specifically, this study investigated if, when, why and how the following recovery strategies were used: active land-based recovery (ALB), active water-based recovery (AWB), stretching (STR), cold water immersion (CWI) and contrast water therapy (CWT).

RESULTS

Seventy-eight athletes (47 male: 31 female) mean age 25.59 ±8.48 yrs completed survey. Local competition was most represented (44%), followed by state (37%), regional (13%), national (5%) and international (1%). Rugby league/ruby union were the most represented team sport (42%), followed by soccer (16%), AFL (6%), netball (6%) and remaining team sports (8%). Individual sports (24%) included swimming, running, and ultra-marathon. A total of 84% of participants self-reported performing a recovery strategy following either competition, after pre-season training or after in-season training. Most popular recovery methods, stretch (28%), ice bath (26%), massage (14%) and sleep (10%). Stretching was the most effective recovery strategy, with 38% ‘always’ performing stretching after a game, 36% during pre-season training and 40% in season training. Self-report by athletes was suggestive of the more physiological being the most important, stating that the strategies helped speed up recovery, increase blood flow, decrease inflammation, swelling and soreness.

CONCLUSION

To date the survey data suggests athletes reporting why they believe recovery strategies are effective/ineffective are more aware of the physiological recovery aspects, and less so on psychological aspects. This suggests potential targeted education on psychological aspects of recovery and recovery related to heat and humidity aspects to assist in developing best practice guidelines and education for athletes and coaches.
ANTHROPOMETRIC AND PHYSICAL QUALITIES OF SEMI-PROFESSIONAL RUGBY LEAGUE PLAYERS
Authors: Plumb Dr Mandy
Published: May 2024

AIM

The aim of the current study was to investigate the physiological and anthropometric characteristics of semi-professional rugby league players across a typical season, including pre- and post-season data.

METHODS

Thirty-five semi-professional rugby league players, mean age 25.38 ± 2.35 years were measured for height, body mass, sum of skinfolds, and speed (20m sprint). Global positioning system (GPS) data, sampling at 10 Hz, were collected, two pre-season and eighteen Queensland Cup rugby league matches in the 2023 season for 10 players (backs and forwards). Data was categorized into total distance (km), sprint distance (m), power plays, energy expenditure (kcal), player load, and top speed (m/s).

RESULTS

Compared with forwards the backs had significantly lower body mass (99.4kg vs 90.8kg), and significantly greater speed during 20m sprint (3.00 vs 3.1sec). Sum of skinfolds, no differences between backs and forwards across the three time points, 104.2 vs 106.2mm, 103.9 vs 110.9mm and 93.8 vs 108.1mm. Reviewing the GPS data across the trial and cup games revealed a number of significant differences between backs and forwards, backs greater overall distance (6.63km vs 5.26km), sprint distance (467.53 vs 264.63m), power plays (37 vs 25), energy expenditure (1002.42 vs 778.90 kcal), player load (311.50 vs 275.16), top speed (8.02 vs 7.02m/s).

CONCLUSION

Retrospective analysis of our data has allowed us to understand the activity demands between match types and differences in activity demands between seasonal phases of training in semi-professional male rugby league players and will permit further specificity of training and improve performance. Determining the fitness and physiological profiles and how they relate to training and match demands will allow the coaching staff to develop more targeted training strategies in order to optimally develop the fitness characteristics that predominantly underpin match demands.
LEGACY EFFECT OF EXERCISE TRAINING TRIALS ON COGNITION IN OLDER ADULTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Naomi Mrs Ferstera , Brown Mr Riley , Chong Ms Jamie , Owen Dr. Patrick , Mundell Dr. Niamh , Keating Dr. Shelley , Coombes Prof Jeff
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS

Exercise training trials consistently show efficacy for improving cognitive outcome in older adults, especially when the intervention is supervised. However, whether this improvement in cognition is sustained long-term (i.e. a legacy effect) is unknown. While this is likely impacted by long-term adherence to exercise, the legacy effect of exercise training trials on cognition has not been established. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the literature and investigate the legacy effect of an exercise trial on cognitive function in older adults.

METHODS

A systematic review of the literature published in English was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTdiscus, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials electronic databases. Study screening and data extraction were undertaken by two independent researchers. The main inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trial design with non-exercise control, older adult cohort (average age ≥50 years), supervised exercise intervention and cognitive assessments at post-trial and follow up (≥3 months). Pairwise random-effects restricted maximum likelihood meta-analysis estimated the standardised mean difference (Hedges’ g) between intervention and control groups for each cognitive function outcomes at post-trial and follow-up.

RESULTS

A total of 12,539 articles were screened with 21 trials (n=2,504 participants aged 75.2±6.4 and mostly (56%) female) included in a meta-analysis. After 5.2±3.2 months, a legacy effect was seen with a small-to-moderate between-group effect for the cognitive domain of executive function favouring the exercise interventions (SMD=0.30, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.49; p=0.002). No effect was observed for other cognitive domains. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) tool identified that 73.7% of the trials had “some concerns” and 26.3% had high risk for bias.

CONCLUSION

In older adults who received an exercise intervention there was a small-to-moderate legacy effect for improved executive function compared to controls, five months after trial completion.
THE ACUTE EXERCISE-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
Authors: Baker Miss Kelly , Hartmann Dr Tegan , Marino Professor Frank
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are characterised by intestinal inflammation that presents severe symptoms and continued complications throughout the lifespan. These gastrointestinal (GI) disorders have a growing prevalence worldwide with no known cure. Management strategies often require a ‘trial and error’ process before an effective pharmacal/s is established; the successful interim varies considerably with prevalent adverse side-effects and gradual decline in the effectiveness of medication. Accordingly, alternative mechanisms to complement management options, reduce side-effects, and improve well-being warrant investigation. Physical activity is known to be beneficial for a variety of inflammatory conditions; the advantageous effects are associated with the exercise-induced inflammatory response directly from active muscle tissue. Despite this knowledge, minimal studies have attempted to quantify the inflammatory effect of exercise. This study investigates the inflammatory response of acute exercise.

METHODS

Participants were allocated into one of two groups: GI disorders (IBD & IBS; n = 11) or apparently healthy control (AHC; n = 11). All participants completed three sessions: 1) initial familiarisation: questionnaires, anthropometry measures, DEXA scan, and a graded exercise test; 2) protocol 1: moderate-intensity continuous exercise; and 3) protocol 2: alternating high- and low-intensity exercise. Participants were randomly allocated to the acute exercise protocols. Each protocol had a fasted pre-exercise venous blood sample, 35-minutes cycle, fasted blood sample immediately post-, 2hrs post-, and 24hr post-exercise.

RESULTS

Significant differences were observed between groups in body mass index, waist and hip circumstances, percentage of fat mass, and VO2peak (p < .05). Analyses of venous blood samples will be presented.

CONCLUSION

With no known cure, lifestyle management is important for those with GI disorders. Exercise hosts several benefits; however, given the inflammatory nature of the condition, the acute responses of exercise are important for clinicians working with IBD/IBS patients.