bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silicon-Based Zipper Photonic Crystal Cavity Optomechanical System for Accelerometers
Authors: Tan Hongyu , Pan Debin , Wang Chensheng , Yao Yuan
Published: September 2023

The cavity optomechanical accelerometer based on photonic crystal microcavities combines mechanical resonators with high-quality factor photonic crystal cavities. The mechanical vibrator is sensitive to weak force/displacement in mechanical resonance modes, which can achieve extremely low noise levels and theoretically reach the standard qillatum noise limit. It is an important development direction for high-precision accelerometers. This article analyzes the principle and structural characteristics of a zipper type photonic crystal cavity optomechanical accelerometer, and designs a silicon-based zipper type photonic crystal cavity and mechanical vibrator structure applied to the accelerometer. The influence of the structural parameters of the zipper cavity on the optical Q factor was analyzed in detail. The resonant frequency of the optical cavity was controlled around 195 THz by adjusting the structural parameters, and the mechanical resonance characteristics of the mechanical vibrator and the optical cavity were analyzed. The effective mass of the optical cavity was 30 pg, and, with the addition of the mechanical vibrator, the effective mass was 3.1 ng. The optical mechanical coupling rate reached the GHz/nm level, providing guidance for the manufacturing and characterization of silicon-based zipper cavity accelerometers.
High Oxygen Sensitivity of TiO2 Thin Films Deposited by ALD
Authors: Almaev Aleksei V. , Yakovlev Nikita N. , Almaev Dmitry A. , Verkholetov Maksim G. , Rudakov Grigory A. , Litvinova Kristina I.
Published: September 2023

The gas sensitivity and structural properties of TiO2 thin films deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) were examined in detail. The TiO2 thin films are deposited using Tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium(IV) and oxygen plasma at 300 °C on SiO2 substrates followed by annealing at temperatures of 800 °C. Gas sensitivity under exposure to O2 within the temperature range from 30 °C to 700 °C was studied. The ALD-deposited TiO2 thin films demonstrated high responses to O2 in the dynamic range from 0.1 to 100 vol. % and low concentrations of H2, NO2. The ALD deposition allowed the enhancement of sensitivity of TiO2 thin films to gases. The greatest response of TiO2 thin films to O2 was observed at a temperature of 500 °C and was 41.5 arb. un. under exposure to 10 vol. % of O2. The responses of TiO2 thin films to 0.1 vol. % of H2 and 7 × 10–4 vol. % of NO2 at a temperature of 500 °C were 10.49 arb. un. and 10.79 arb. un., correspondingly. The resistance of the films increased due to the chemisorption of oxygen molecules on their surface that decreased the thickness of the conduction channel between the metal contacts. It was suggested that there are two types of adsorption centers on the TiO2 thin films surface: oxygen is chemisorbed in the form of O2– on the first one and O– on the second one.
Enhanced Graphene Based Electronically Tunable Phase Shifter
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Peinetti Fabio , Savi Patrizia
Published: September 2023

In this work, an enhanced tunable microwave phase shifter is presented. The phase shifter consists of three short circuited stubs and a tapered line. The stubs are connected to graphene pads. Graphene’s tunable conductivity is varied by a DC voltage. This in turn causes a reactance variation at the input of the tapered line, which causes a phase variation. The physical parameters of the stubs are optimized for a maximum reactance variation by the help of analytical models, circuit and full wave simulations. Measurements of an optimized prototype are performed and a dynamic phase variation of 59∘ is obtained with an amplitude variation of less than 1 dB.
Physical Activity and Type 2 Diabetes: In Search of a Personalized Approach to Improving β-Cell Function
Authors: Di Murro Emanuela , Di Giuseppe Gianfranco , Soldovieri Laura , Moffa Simona , Improta Ilaria , Capece Umberto , Nista Enrico Celestino , Cinti Francesca , Ciccarelli Gea , Brunetti Michela , Gasbarrini Antonio , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Giaccari Andrea , Mezza Teresa
Published: September 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most widespread diseases worldwide. Lifestyle interventions, including diet and physical activity (PA), are fundamental non-pharmacological components of T2DM therapy. Exercise interventions are strongly recommended for people with or at risk of developing or already with overt diabetes, but adherence to PA guidelines in this population is still challenging. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of T2DM patients, driven by differing residual β-cell functionality, as well as the possibility of practicing different types and intensities of PA, has led to the need to develop tailored exercise and training plans. Investigations on blood glucose variation in response to exercise could help to clarify why individuals do not respond in the same way to PA, and to guide the prescription of personalized treatments. The aim of this review is to offer an updated overview of the current evidence on the effects of different regimens and modalities of PA regarding glucose sensing and β-cell secretory dynamics in individuals with prediabetes or T2DM, with a special focus on β-cell function.
Implementation of Nutritional Assessment and Counseling in Physical Therapy Treatment: An Anonymous Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Netzer Roy , Elboim-Gabyzon Michal
Published: September 2023

In the context of the evolving role of Physical Therapists (PTs) in health promotion, this study explored the incorporation of nutritional assessment and counseling into PTs’ professional practice in Israel. Using an anonymous cross-sectional survey design, the research gauged PTs’ professional background, nutritional knowledge, lifestyle habits, and the extent of nutritional care integration. Our survey gathered data from 409 certified PTs in Israel, revealing inadequate nutritional knowledge, commendable nutritional lifestyles, and limited nutritional care integration. Participants with over 13 years of clinical experience demonstrated significantly higher levels of nutritional assessment and counseling integration within their physical therapy practices. Workplace setting, nutritional lifestyle, and nutritional knowledge emerged as significant predictors for nutritional care integration. Specifically, working in outpatient clinics and possessing better nutritional lifestyles and knowledge were associated with the increased integration of nutritional assessment and counseling within physical therapy practice. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and formal nutrition education to bridge the knowledge gaps and optimize patient care. These results advocate for comprehensive nutrition education in physical therapy curricula and the fostering of PTs as role models. Integrating nutrition care could empower PTs to enhance patient outcomes and fulfill their role in preventive healthcare.
Dietary Intake, Feeding Pattern, and Nutritional Status of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Israt , Sultana Risad , Afroz Mousume , Muhit Mohammad , Badawi Nadia , Khandaker Gulam
Published: September 2023

(1) Background: Data on immediate causes of malnutrition among children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) are limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to assess the dietary intake pattern, feeding characteristics, and nutritional status of children with CP in Bangladesh; (2) Methods: We conducted a descriptive observational study in Shahjadpur, Bangladesh. Children with CP registered into the Bangladesh CP Register were included. Socio-demographic, clinical, dietary intake, feeding, gastro-intestinal conditions, and anthropometric data were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were reported; (3) Results: 75 children (mean (SD) age 3.6 (2.7) years, 42.7% female) and their caregivers participated. Overall, 53.6% and 46.4% of children were underweight and stunted, respectively. Two-thirds children consumed ≤4 out of 8 food groups. Meat, poultry, and fish; dairy products; and sugar consumption was lower among underweight children (43.4%, 48.8%, 25.0%) than others (56.7%, 51.2% 75.0%). Inappropriate feeding position was observed in 39.2% of children. Meal duration was >30 min/meal for 21.7‒28.0% children. Among all, 12.0% had feeding difficulties, 88.0% had ≥1 gastro-intestinal conditions; (4) Conclusions: The study reports preliminary data on the feeding characteristics, dietary intake, and nutritional status of children with CP in rural Bangladesh. The findings are crucial for cost-effective interventions, prevention, and management of malnutrition among children with CP in Bangladesh and other LMICs.
Effect of Sex and Cross-Sex Hormone Treatment on Renal Monocarboxylate-Transporter Expression in Rats
Authors: Wei Hao , Lee Annie , Zhang Qing , Felmlee Melanie A.
Published: September 2023

Proton- and sodium-dependent monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs/SMCTs) are determinants of renal clearance through the renal reabsorption of monocarboxylate substrates. Prior studies with intact females and males, ovariectomized females and castrated males have revealed the hormonal regulation of renal monocarboxylate-transporter expression, prompting investigation into the regulatory role of individual hormones. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of exogenous sex and cross-sex hormones on renal MCT1, MCT4, CD147 and SMCT1 mRNA and membrane-bound protein expression. Ovariectomized (OVX) females and castrated (CST) male Sprague Dawley rats received estrogen and/or progesterone, testosterone, or a corresponding placebo treatment for 21 days prior to kidney collection. The quantitative measurement of mRNA and membrane-protein levels were conducted using qPCR and Western blot. Quantitative analysis revealed the combination estrogen/progesterone treatment reduced membrane MCT1 and 4 expression and increased SMCT1 expression, while testosterone administration increased MCT1 membrane-protein expression. Correlation analysis indicated that plasma 17β-estradiol was negatively correlated with MCT1 and MCT4 membrane expression, while testosterone was positively correlated. In contrast, SMCT1 membrane expression was positively correlated with 17β-estradiol and progesterone concentrations. MCT1, MCT4, CD147 and SMCT1 renal expression are significantly altered in response to female and male sex hormones following sex and cross-sex hormone treatment in OVX and CST rats. Further studies are needed to understand the complex role of sex hormones, sex hormone receptors and the impact of puberty on MCT/SMCT regulation.
Superhydrophobic, Magnetic Aerogels Based on Nanocellulose Fibers Derived from Harakeke for Oily Wastewater Remediation
Authors: Zhai Yitong , Yuan Xiaowen
Published: September 2023

Cellulose-based aerogels have been seen as a promising sorbent for oil and organic pollutant cleaning; however, their intrinsic hydrophilicity and difficulty of recycling has hindered their practical application. In this work, a superhydrophobic, magnetic cellulose-based aerogel was fabricated as a highly efficient sorbent for the adsorption of oils and organic solvents. The aerogel was prepared via a simple freeze-drying method, followed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The incorporation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles into the aerogel not only makes it responsive to external magnetic field, but also contributes to the better hydrophobicity of the aerogel, in which the water contact angle (WCA) was about 20° higher than the aerogel without loading with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The adsorption test showed that the resultant aerogel can selectively adsorb a wide range of oils and organic solvents from oil/water mixtures with a high adsorption capacity (up to 113.49 g/g for silicone oil). It can retain about 50% of its adsorption capacity even after 10 adsorption–squeezing cycles, which indicates its outstanding reusability. Moreover, the aerogels can be easily controlled by an external magnet, which is preferred for the adsorption of oily contaminants in harsh environments and enhanced the recyclability of the aerogel. We believe that this study provides a green and convenient approach for the practical fabrication of cellulose-based oil sorbents.
Sensing and Navigation for Multiple Mobile Robots Based on Deep Q-Network
Authors: Dai Yanyan , Yang Seokho , Lee Kidong
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a novel DRL algorithm based on a DQN is proposed for multiple mobile robots to find optimized paths. The multiple robots’ states are the inputs of the DQN. The DQN estimates the Q-value of the agents’ actions. After selecting the action with the maximum Q-value, the multiple robots’ actions are calculated and sent to them. Then, the robots will explore the area and detect the obstacles. In the area, there are static obstacles. The robots should detect the static obstacles using a LiDAR sensor. The other moving robots are recognized as dynamic obstacles that need to be avoided. The robots will give feedback on the reward and the robots’ new states. A positive reward will be given when a robot successfully arrives at its goal point. If it is in a free space, zero reward will be given. If the robot collides with a static obstacle or other robots or reaches its start point, it will receive a negative reward. Multiple robots explore safe paths to the goals at the same time, in order to improve learning efficiency. If a robot collides with an obstacle or other robots, it will stop and wait for the other robots to complete their exploration tasks. The episode will end when all robots find safe paths to reach their goals or when all of them have collisions. This collaborative behavior can reduce the risk of collisions between robots, enhance overall efficiency, and help avoid multiple robots attempting to navigate through the same unsafe path simultaneously. Moreover, storage space is used to store the optimal safe paths of all robots. Finally, the multi-robots will learn the policy to find the optimized paths to go to the goal points. The goal of the simulations and experiment is to make multiple robots efficiently and safely move to their goal points.
Comparison of Flash Drought and Traditional Drought on Characteristics and Driving Forces in Xinjiang
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Min , Yu Jialu , Yu Yang , Yu Ruide
Published: September 2023

In the context of climate warming, flash drought has become increasingly frequent, posing significant threats to agriculture, ecosystems, and the environment. Xinjiang, located in an arid and semi-arid region, necessitates a thorough investigation into the distinctions between flash drought and traditional drought, as well as an exploration of the driving forces behind both types of drought. In this study, soil moisture data from ERA5-Land were utilized to construct a framework for the identification of flash drought and traditional drought based on historical events. The Geodetector was employed to explore the factors that influence the spatial heterogeneity of these two drought forms. The findings illuminate that (1) in terms of spatial distribution, traditional drought predominated in southern Xinjiang, while flash drought exhibited greater prominence in northern Xinjiang. (2) Regarding changes in trends, both flash drought and traditional drought exhibited an increasing trend in frequency since the 1990s, with the frequency trend of flash drought passing the significance test (α ≤ 0.05). Additionally, the severity of both flash drought and traditional drought displayed a noteworthy and statistically significant increase within sliding windows ranging from 46 to 62 years. (3) Concerning the driving forces, precipitation emerged as the principal driving force behind both flash drought and traditional drought. Furthermore, human activities exerted a more substantial influence on traditional drought, and the interactions involving human activities had the potential to significantly amplify the explanatory power of the spatial heterogeneity for both drought types. (4) In terms of the drought risk, a notable variation in the risk of flash drought was observed across various ecological zones, with the highest risk occurring in mildly fragile ecological zones. Furthermore, when comparing the results from 1995 to 2019, the flash drought risk exhibited a marked increase in severely fragile ecological zones. This study enriches the understanding of the dynamics of flash drought and traditional drought in Xinjiang and carries important implications for enhancing the precision of drought monitoring and early warning systems.
Slow Slip Events Associated with Seismic Activity in the Hikurangi Subduction Zone, New Zealand, from 2019 to 2022
Authors: Yan Li , Sun Yanling , Li Meng , El-Mowafy Ahmed , Ma Lei
Published: September 2023

Slow slip events (SSEs) are geophysical phenomena primarily occurring in subduction zones. These events are often associated with seismic activity and can be detected by Global Positioning System (GPS). However, the relationship between SSEs and seismic activity remains unclear. To further investigate SSEs associated with seismic activity, we conducted SSE detection and inversion for the period from 2019 to 2022 on New Zealand’s North Island, where both SSEs and seismic activity frequently occur. By modeling daily GPS coordinate time series from 40 GPS stations and applying the Network Inversion Filter (NIF) method, we obtain surface displacements, cumulative slips, and slip rates for eight shallow SSEs. Subsequently, we conduct a statistical analysis of seismic activity concerning its spatial distribution and frequency before, during, and after SSE occurrences. The results indicate that SSE1 and SSE7 exhibited larger cumulative slips, at 14.35 and 7.20 cm, and surface displacements, at 4.97 and 2.53 cm, respectively. During their occurrences, the seismic frequency noticeably increased to 6.5 and 5.6 events per day in the Eastern Coastal Region (ECR) of New Zealand’s North Island. However, the other six SSEs, characterized by cumulative slips of less than 6 cm and maximum surface displacements of less than 2 cm, did not lead to a noticeable increase in seismic frequency during their occurrences in the ECR. In the Main Slip Regions (MSR) of these eight SSEs, a significant upward trend in seismic frequency was observed during their occurrences. Therefore, it can be inferred that in the ECR of New Zealand’s North Island, all SSEs result in an increased seismic frequency within their respective MSRs, but only significant SSEs impact the seismic frequency of the ECR. Monitoring shallow SSEs may contribute to the identification and recording of seismic activity.
Green Enterprise Architecture (GREAN)—Leveraging EA for Environmentally Sustainable Digital Transformation
Authors: Vandevenne Niels , Van Riel Jonas , Poels Geert
Published: September 2023

Digital Transformations (DT) play an increasingly important role in academia and business, yet their significant Environmental Footprint (EF) is often overlooked, sidelining their potential for Environmental Sustainability (ES). This paper bridges this gap by integrating ES into the discourse of DT, proposing Green Enterprise Architecture (GREAN) as a method for sustainable transformation. Utilizing a Design Science Research approach, we developed an artefact outlining a comprehensive strategy for embedding ES in DT across various layers of an organization. The tool’s need was validated via a systematic literature review (SLR), highlighting the significant research gap in Green Enterprise Architecture. The artefact provides concrete Courses of Action (CoAs) for incorporating ES into the organizational strategy, business, data, application, and technology layers and proposes relevant capabilities to address this. The paper further presents an ES-aware business capability modelling, an innovative business modelling approach that integrates environmental sustainability principles by using (in a novel way) the presentation and analysis methods that capability mapping offers. The proposed artefact serves as a starting point for environmentally sustainable DTs. Future research directions include in-depth exploration of each enterprise layer for ES, real-world validation of our proposed tools and concepts, and the expansion of these into a full framework.
Enhancing Food Security and Nutrition through Social Safety Nets: A Pathway to Sustainable Development
Authors: Khan Younas , Daraz Umar , Bojnec Štefan
Published: September 2023

In this cross-sectional study, an investigation was conducted by collecting primary data from 379 household heads to examine the impact of social safety nets on household-level food security in the Torghar district of Northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The comprehensive analysis encompassed the univariate, bivariate, and multivariate levels. The bivariate analysis revealed issues and shortcomings related to access to social safety nets, particularly within the Zakat system. These issues included corruption and nepotism, which hindered poverty alleviation strategies and the well-being of vulnerable households. Additionally, complex bureaucratic procedures and regulations impeded social interventions, and political factors posed a substantial obstacle. At the multivariate level, the study identified the specific factors contributing to food insecurity. Respondents from extended family systems, individuals aged between 46 and 55 years, and those with religious education were found to be more vulnerable to food insecurity. While social safety nets held promise for addressing food sustenance challenges among local low-income citizens, the negative impacts of political involvement, favoritism, and nepotism were evident and required urgent attention. These findings emphasize the need for coordinated efforts among the government, social safety net officials, and community to identify and rectify these existing issues. Fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility regarding the role and implementation of social safety nets towards achieving food security is crucial to enhancing their viability and effectiveness, ensuring continuous support for those in need.
Industrial Carbon Footprint (ICF) Calculation Approach Based on Bayesian Cross-Validation Improved Cyclic Stacking
Authors: Xie Yichao , Zhou Bowen , Wang Zhenyu , Yang Bo , Ning Liaoyi , Zhang Yanhui
Published: September 2023

Achieving carbon neutrality is widely regarded as a key measure to mitigate climate change. The industrial carbon footprint (ICF) calculation, as a foundation to achieve carbon neutrality, primarily relies on roughly estimating direct carbon emissions based on information disclosed by industries. However, these estimates may not be comprehensive, timely, and accurate. This paper elaborates on the issue of ICF calculation, dividing a factory’s carbon emissions into carbon emissions directly produced by appliances and electricity consumption carbon emissions, to estimate the total carbon emissions of the factory. An appliance identification method is proposed based on a cyclic stacking method improved by Bayesian cross-validation, and an appliance state correction module SHMM (state-corrected hidden Markov model) is added to identify the state of the appliance and then to calculate the corresponding appliance carbon emissions. Electricity consumption carbon emissions come from the factory’s electricity consumption and the marginal carbon emission factor of the connected bus. Regarding the selection of artificial intelligence models and cross-validation technique required in the appliance identification method, this paper compares the effects of 7 cross-validation techniques, including stratified K-fold, K-fold, Monte Carlo, etc., on 14 machine learning algorithms such as AdaBoost, XGBoost, feed-forward network, etc., to determine the technique and algorithms required for the final appliance identification method. Experiment results show that the proposed appliance identification method estimates device carbon emissions with an error of less than 3%, which is significantly superior to other models, demonstrating that the proposed approach can achieve comprehensive and accurate ICF calculation.
The Evolving Nature (or Not) of Sustainability Communications in New Home Building in Australia
Authors: Warren-Myers Georgia , Schmidt Monique
Published: September 2023

Research has demonstrated that sustainable homes can help mitigate the impact of climate change and assist with meeting international climate targets. However, market implementation has been slow due to limited regulatory regimes and poor engagement by home builders across Australia. In Australia, homes are commonly built by ‘volume home builders’ (VHBs), who are defined as home builders who build large quantities of homes, generally from a standardised set of plans and formats. The Housing Institute of Australia (HIA) ranks the largest volume home builders annually in their top 100 home builders report. To evaluate the VHBs’ approach to communicating sustainability in their home products, this study used content analysis techniques to investigate their use of online communication channels (websites, blogs and social media accounts). This study examined 23 New South Wales VHBs in 2020 and 2022 and compared them to a study of Australia’s top 100 VHBs in 2016. The findings demonstrated a significant increase in the level of sustainability communications in their online channels between 2016 and 2020 but showed a decrease between 2020 and 2022. Overall, the level of detail, the type of information and the educational quality improved from 2016 to 2022. However, only two VHBs provided a high level of sustainability information. The most recent results illustrated that VHBs have moved away from having sustainability links and terminology on their websites compared to the 2020 baseline. This study demonstrated that leading Australian VHBs have an enormous opportunity to improve their sustainability messaging and suggested recommendations for enhancing communication capabilities and providing more meaningful sustainability information.
The Effect of the Security and Exchange Commission’s Investigations into Corporate Social Responsibility Performance
Authors: Hrazdil Karel , Kim Jeong-Bon , Li Xin
Published: September 2023

We examine the effect of the Security and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) investigations into firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. Adopting a staggered event study setting and analyzing all public and private SEC investigations into possible violations of federal securities laws, we find that firms reduce their investment in ESG-related activities and experience significantly lower CSR performance while being investigated by the SEC. This baseline finding is more pronounced among firms that appoint a large auditor or force their CEO to resign. To address concerns about potential endogeneity, we also conduct a multiperiod dynamic analysis and estimate our baseline regressions using the propensity-score-matched sample. Our results further reveal that the negative effect of SEC investigations on CSR performance manifests in CSR activities related to corporate governance and firms’ products. Overall, we highlight some unintended consequences of SEC investigations.
Evidence of Circulation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Wild Boar in South-East Italy
Authors: La Bella Gianfranco , Basanisi Maria Grazia , Nobili Gaia , Coppola Rosa , Damato Annita Maria , Donatiello Adelia , Occhiochiuso Gilda , Romano Antonella Cristina , Toce Mariateresa , Palazzo Lucia , Pellegrini Francesco , Fanelli Angela , Di Martino Barbara , Suffredini Elisabetta , Lanave Gianvito , Martella Vito , La Salandra Giovanna
Published: September 2023

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in humans worldwide. The food-borne transmission of HEV appears to be a major route in Europe through the consumption of pork and wild boar meat. HEV epidemiology in wild boars has been investigated mainly in Northern and Central Italian regions, whilst information from Southern Italy is limited. We investigated the occurrence of HEV in wild boar in the Apulia and Basilicata regions (Southern Italy). Thirteen (10.4%) out of one hundred and twenty-five wild boar samples tested positive for HEV using a quantitative reverse transcription PCR. HEV prevalence was 12% in Apulia and 9.3% in Basilicata. Seven samples were genotyped, and different subtypes (c, f, m) of genotype 3 were identified. The complete genome of a 3m strain was determined, and the virus showed the highest nucleotide identity to a human HEV strain identified in France in 2017. These findings demonstrate the substantial circulation of HEV in the wild boar population in Italian Southern regions. Gathering information on the HEV strains circulating in different geographical areas is useful for tracking the origin of HEV outbreaks and assessing the epidemiological role of wild boar as a potential virus reservoir for domestic pigs.
Simulation of the Potential Impacts of Projected Climate and Land Use Change on Runoff under CMIP6 Scenarios
Authors: Haider Saif , Masood Muhammad Umer , Rashid Muhammad , Alshehri Fahad , Pande Chaitanya B. , Katipoğlu Okan Mert , Costache Romulus
Published: September 2023

Assessing the impacts of climate change and land use/land cover changes on water resources within a catchment is essential because it helps us understand how these dynamic factors affect the quantity, quality, and availability of freshwater. This knowledge is crucial for making informed decisions about water management, conservation, and adaptation strategies, especially in regions facing increasing environmental uncertainties and challenges to water resource sustainability. In Pakistan’s Kunhar River Basin (KRB), this investigation explores the potential effects of shifting land use/land cover (LULC), and climate on stream flows. The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), a semi-distributed hydrological model, and the most recent Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) dataset from multiple global climate models (GCMs) were used to evaluate these effects. The temperature and precipitation data were downscaled using the CMhyd software; for both shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP2 and SSP5), the top-performing GCM out of four was required to produce downscaled precipitation and temperature predictions while taking future land use characteristics into account. The output from the chosen GCM indicated that by the conclusion of the 21st century, relative to the reference period (1985–2014), the study area’s average monthly precipitation, highest temperature, and lowest temperature will be increasing. Precipitation is anticipated to increase between 2015 and 2100 by 20.5% and 29.1% according to the SSP2 and SSP5 scenarios, respectively. This study’s findings, which emphasize the need for project planners and managers taking into account the effects of climate and land cover changes in their management techniques, show that climate change can have a significant impact on the changing seasons of flows in the Kunhar River basin.
Multi-Scale Polar Object Detection Based on Computer Vision
Authors: Ding Shifeng , Zeng Dinghan , Zhou Li , Han Sen , Li Fang , Wang Qingkai
Published: September 2023

When ships navigate in polar regions, they may collide with ice masses, which may cause structural damage and endanger the safety of their occupants. Therefore, it is essential to promptly detect sea ice, icebergs, and passing ships. However, individual data sources have limits and should be combined and integrated to obtain more thorough information. A polar multi-target local-scale dataset with five categories was constructed. Sea ice, icebergs, ice melt ponds, icebreakers, and inter-ice channels were identified by a single-shot detector (SSD), with a final mAP value of 70.19%. A remote sensing sea ice dataset with 15,948 labels was constructed. The You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) model was improved with Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks (SE), Funnel Activation (FReLU), Fast Spatial Pyramid Pooling, and Cross Stage Partial Network (SPPCSPC-F). In the detection stage, a slicing operation was performed on remote sensing images to detect small targets. Simulated sea ice data were included to verify the model’s generalization ability. Then, the improved model was trained and evaluated in an ablation experiment. The mAP, recall (R), and precision (P) values of the improved YOLOv5 were 75.3%, 70.3, and 75.4%, with value increases of 3.5%, 3.4%, and 1.9%, respectively, compared to the original model. The improved YOLOv5 was also compared with other models such as YOLOv3, Faster-RCNN, and YOLOv4-tiny. The results indicated that the performance of the proposed model surpassed those of the other conventional models. This study achieved the detection of multiple targets on different scales in a polar region and realized data fusion, avoiding the limitations of using a single data source, and provides a method to support polar ship path planning.
Effectiveness of a Dam-Breach Flood Alert in Mitigating Life Losses: A Spatiotemporal Sectorisation Analysis in a High-Density Urban Area in Brazil
Authors: Silva André Felipe Rocha , Eleutério Julian Cardoso
Published: September 2023

The integration of early warning and evacuation systems (EWES) with estimations for mitigating the loss of life in flood risk assessments marks an advancement towards developing robust emergency action plans for dam breaks. Through the simulation of diverse EWES scenarios, the impact of these systems, coupled with community preparedness, on minimising the potential for loss of life could be calculated. This study was conducted in the theoretical context of a dam break located upstream from a densely populated urban region in Brazil. Hydrodynamic and agent-based models were utilised to estimate potential loss of life across various scenarios and simulations. The Monte Carlo approach, in combination with the LifeSim model, was applied to assess how factors such as warning issuance timing, evacuation strategies and community responses impact the model’s outcomes. Sensitivity analysis was performed considering the overall exposed area and specific areas at risk for different spatiotemporal EWES strategies. The results of simulations highlighted the EWES’ great potential for risk mitigation and displayed optimal times for warning issuance. The warning diffusion and the protective action initiation parameters proved crucial for improving EWES. The spatiotemporal sectorisation of the alert and evacuation was also an effective strategy to optimise EWES. This methodology should allow for further similar tests and incite EWES improvements based on consistent loss of life alleviation simulations.
Ispitivanje dimenzijske stabilnosti i istezljivosti kratkih čarapa
Authors: Živičnjak Juro , Tomljenović Antoneta
Published: September 2023

Kratke čarape su pleteni odjevni proizvodi koje prekrivaju stopalo, gležanj i dio potkoljenice. Nakon provedene kućanske njege nerijetko dolazi do promjena u njihovoj veličini i istezljivosti. Poradi nužnosti nadopune europskih norma vezanih uz postupak utvrđivanja dimenzijskih promjena i promjena u istezljivosti kratkih čarapa koje se pritom javljaju, u radu je dan prijedlog metodike njihova ispitivanja. Pritom je dimenzijska stabilnost u smjeru duljine i širine čarapa u relaksiranom stanju utvrđena mjerenjem točno definiranih izmjera u području stopalnog dijela i tijela čarape, a istezljivost primjenom računalno vođene kidalice s konstantnom brzinom istezanja uz djelovanje vlačne sile od 45 N i prilagođenim stezaljkama. Ispitane su tri skupine kratkih čarapa, izrađene u najvećem masenom udjelu iz pamučnih te u čaraparstvu nedostatno istraženih modalnih vlakana u mješavini s poliamidom 6.6.
A Multi-Indicator Light Weight Defense Scheme for Smartphone Camera-Based Attacks
Authors: Abukari Arnold Mashud , Danaa Abukari Abdul Aziz , Mumin Diyawu , Ismail Shiraz
Published: September 2023

Over the years, cyber criminals have succeeded in exposing some vulnerabilities in smartphones and have exploited those vulnerabilities in several ways. In recent years, one of the growing attacks on smartphones is the camera-based attacks. Attackers are able to exploit smartphone vulnerabilities to cause harm to smartphone users by using cameras of the smartphones to capture images and videos. Privacy leakage and confidentiality remains a big threat to smartphone users and this has gained attention from researchers and industry players across the world. In this research paper, a multi-indicator light weight defense scheme is presented to address the rising smartphone camera-based attacks. The random forest algorithm, the Gini coefficient index and the entropy method are adopted in the designing of the proposed scheme. The means of the threat indicators and the Mean Square Deviation (MSD) is also calculated in order to ensure accurate scores and weight assignments of the threat indicators. The proposed multi-indicator light weight scheme demonstrated to be consistent with real situations. A review of literature in camera-based attacks is also presented in this research paper.
THE BULGARIAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK DETERMINING THE SPECIFICITY OF PEDAGOGICAL WORK
Authors: Daniel Polihronov
Published: September 2023

The article provides an overview of the legal framework that regulates the management, organisation and conduct of the educational process in the conditions of a pre-school multicultural environment. Basic legal provisions outlining the general rules for behaviour of subjects in the multicultural kindergarten’s educational process are presented.
ZAMIEŃMY TRUDNOŚCI W MOŻLIWOŚCI! CZYLI O TRUDNOŚCIACH DYDAKTYCZNYCH UCZNIÓW KLAS 1-3 JAKO WYZWANIU DLA NAUCZYCIELI
Authors: Kosznik-Osowicka Paulina
Published: September 2023

Artykuł dotyczy identyfikacji wyzwań, przed jakimi stają nauczyciele klas 1-3. Koncentruje się na problemach dydaktycznych uczniów w kontekście wyzwania dla na-uczyciela. Niniejsze rozważania dotyczą roli nauczycieli dla uczącej się jednostki w zakresie pojawiających się u niej problemów w przyswajaniu wiedzy. Cele szczegółowe badań miały dostarczyć wiedzy na temat zaangażowania i determinacji nauczycieli w pokonywaniu trudności dydaktycznych ich uczniów oraz całego spektrum posiadanych kompetencji. Badania pokazały, że główną trudnością uczniów są problemy z koncentracją. Poza tym nauczyciele mierzą się z różnorodnymi wyzwaniami: od kontaktów ze specjalistami, poprzez kontakty z rodzicami, skończywszy na ich oczekiwaniach względem szkoły i całego systemu edukacji wczesnoszkolnej.
Pengaruh Character Strength, Resilience Terhadap Flourishing pada Guru Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Lubuk Begalung Padang
Authors: Mariana Rina , Situmorang Nina Zulida , Hidayah Nurul
Published: September 2023

Psychological resources are considered in enhancing individual potential, yet few studies have focused on positive psychological variables, especially among elementary school teachers. Character strength and resilience has been highly affected by the appearance of flourishing. Character strength makes a person strong and able to face life and difficulties, and resilience is good in protecting against stress. These two factors have contributed to the flourishing. The aim of this research was to the effect of character strength and resilience on flourishing of elementary school teachers in Lubuk Begalung District, Padang. The number of samples taken in this study were 187 teachers obtained by means of saturated sampling. The research method uses a quantitative approach using three scales (i.e., character strengths, resilience, and flourishing). Using an ex post facto design, regression, F test and t test. Results indicated a there is the effect of character strength and resilience simultaneously on flourishing of elementary school teachers in Lubuk Begalung District, Padang with F=132,475 R2=0,590, and p=0,000, As hypothesized, character strength partially a effect on flourishing of elementary school teachers in Lubuk Begalung District, Padang with beta=0,485, t=10,500, and p=0,000. Additionally, the results also revealed that resilience partially a effect on flourishing of elementary school teachers in Lubuk Begalung District, Padang with beta=0,204, t=5,435, and p =0,000.
Evaluating the Application of Using Korean Idols as Local Brand Ambassador Skincare Toward Consumer Satisfaction
Authors: Sekar Aruni Raihandifa , Februadi Agustinus C
Published: September 2023

Local skincare still uses the perfect-looking skin of celebrities such as Korean idols as brand ambassadors to promote their products. There are differences between the skin problems of Indonesians and Korean idols, so it may not meet consumers' expectations of the product. This mismatch can build a negative brand image due to consumer dissatisfaction as they may feel the product does not effectively meet their skincare needs. This study aims to determine consumers' perceptions and satisfaction with local skincare products. Qualitative methods, such as in-depth interviews, were used to collect data from 20 participants who were local skincare users, some of whom were K-pop fans. This approach allowed the researchers to dig deeper into the attitudes, opinions, and experiences of these consumers. The results of this study show that the advertising concept that consumers expect to show progress in the use of the product. Instead of focusing on using Korean idols as local brand ambassadors, brands should use more natural models, which can bring inclusion and diversity.
Transcending the classroom using digital wearables
Authors: Yurkovich James , Abbas Waseem , Yurkovich Steve
Published: September 2023

‘Learning by doing’ is the central underpinning principle of experiential learning, an effective and proven approach for developing holistic student competencies. Laboratory environments are a crucial hands-on element in science and engineering education, but they are not always representative of practical situations that students will face in the future. Here, we describe a first-of-its-kind course specifically designed to address the challenge of offering meaningful active learning by teaching students about systems analysis, data science, Internet of Things (IoT), and digital health using data collected by the students on themselves using a digital wearable device. The breadth and depth of student experiences in this pilot course have the potential to define a new paradigm for the classroom in which instructors can employ innovative new technologies to increase student engagement by transcending the classroom learning environment and traditional practices. We highlight the opportunities, challenges, and pedagogical insights involved in employing wearable technology in a classroom, offering a blueprint to enable others to design similar hands-on courses to make science and engineering concepts more accessible through the integration of new technologies.
Udmurt musical and song tradition: specificity of genre-formation
formation and functioning
Authors: Nurieva I.M.
Published: September 2023

The results of many years of research by the author are summarized
in the field of Udmurt musical folklore. Based on a wide range of uses
sources, modern research methods, an attempt is made to recreate the chain
a clear picture of the Udmurt musical and song tradition as a historical
and cultural phenomenon. For the first time, the influence of historical and geographical
cultural, landscape, religious and confessional factors on the formation
traditional sound ideal, genre system, features of the functioning
nia and status of tunes. The ethno-integrating Udmurt song-
musical type and shows its place in multi-ethnic musical culture
Volga-Kama and the northern region of Eurasia.
Potências de p em bases da forma 2p
Authors: Bemm Laerte , Bemm Priscila Costa Ferreira de Jesus
Published: September 2023

Nesse trabalho, vamos explorar o cálculo de potências de p em bases da forma 2p. Veremos que se p é par e n>=2, então a potência p^n (na base 2p), tem o algarismo da unidade igual a 0. Para o caso em que p é ímpar da forma p=2q+1, com q par, a potência p^n (na base 2p), tem o algarismo da unidade igual a p e o algarismo de segunda ordem igual a q. Mais ainda, veremos que tais potências podem ser obtidas recursivamente por meio de uma divisão por 2 e acréscimo de algarismos específicos a direita desse quociente.
HIGH RESOLUTION MELTING ANALYSIS AND TAQ-MAN REAL-TIME PCR FOR NON-INVASIVE PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF IVS-II-1 (G→A) FETAL DNA IN MINOR BETA-THALASSEMIA MOTHERS
Authors: Zafari Mandana , Gil Pooria , Kowsaryan Mehrnoush , ghabimi Mehrangiz , Hashemi Amirreza
Published: September 2023

Aim: The high-resolution melting (HRM) and Taq-Man techniques are fast, effective, and successful methods for mutation detection. The aim of
this study was compare the sensitivity and specicity of HRM and Taq-Man real time PCR for detection paternally inherited IVS II-I (G→A)
mutation in fetus as a non invasive prenatal diagnosis of β- Thalassemia. G Method: enomic DNA from 50 β-Thalassemia minor couples whose
pregnancy was at risk for homozygous β- Thalassemia was used. Ten milliliters of maternal blood from each pregnant woman were collected,
plasma was separated, and it stored at – 80 0 c until analysis. Extracted DNA analyzed by HRM and Taq-Man Real time PCR for detection of
paternally inherited mutation. The result of routine prenatal diagnosis compared with HRM and Taq-Man technique. The gold standard of this
study was the result of chorionic vilus sampling. the sensitivity and speci Results: city of HRM method were 92.6%, 90.47% respectively. Also,
the positive and negative predict values were86.2% and 90.47% respectively. The sensitivity and specicity of Taq-Man method were 71.43%,
66.67% respectively. And, the positive and negative predict values were 83.4% and 66.67% respectively. the sensitivity and Conclusion:
specicity of HRM analysis were more than Taq-Man method.
CHORIOCARCINOMA AFTER A NONMOLAR SPONTANEOUS ABORTION IN A LOW-RESOURCE SETTING
Authors: Kurakula Sowjanya , Nallur Siddarju Maheshwari , Kumaraswamy Varalakshmi , D. Nalla Sanjana , Rao Kompella Abhijna
Published: September 2023

Choriocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive gestational trophoblastic neoplasm that typically arises from molar pregnancies or following
spontaneous abortions. We present a case of a 43-year-old woman with painless continuous bleeding for two months, one year after a spontaneous
8-week abortion. The diagnosis was conrmed through histopathological analysis, revealing characteristic trophoblastic cell abnormalities. This
case highlights the importance of performing a clinical examination for any patient with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Early recognition and
appropriate referral are crucial for optimal treatment outcomes in this rare and potentially aggressive malignancy.