bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Intelligent Character Education- Group Format (ICE-GF) to Prevent Student Bullying Behavior
Authors: Harlianda Diantifani , Prayitno Prayitno , Mudjiran Mudjiran
Published: August 2020

The phenomenon of bullying in Indonesia is very worrying for the development of teenagers’ life. This study used a quantitative approach with an experimental method. The design used was a pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest design. The data were collected from 33 students as the sample of this study taken by using a purposive sampling technique. The experimental group was divided into 3 groups, namely group A, group B and group C. Each group consisted of 11 members. The data were collected by using a questionnaire students’ BMB3 conditions about bullying (55 valid items = 0.889). Data were analyzed by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test with the help of SPSS version 20.00 to measure the differences between two paired groups on ordinal data. The findings of the study showed that intelligent character education-group format was effective for improving the conditions about thinking, feeling, behaving, acting, and being responsible for the students against bullying so it can prevent bullying behavior.
Sikap, Norma Subjektif dan Kawalan Gelagat Ditanggap Terhadap Niat Gelagat Kepatuhan Zakat Pendapatan Gaji
Authors: Bidin Zainol , Md. Idris Kamil
Published: August 2020

Sorotan kajian berkaitan zakat menyentuh soal bagaimana pelbagai faktor mempengaruhi kepatuhan zakat ke atas pendapatan penggajian. Namun begitu, faktor niat tidak dibicarakan dalam model gelagat kepatuhan zakat gaji sebelum ini, sedangkan niat adalah elemen yang terdekat sekali dalam menentukan gelagat seseorang. Bagaimanapun, faktor niat tidak boleh berlaku secara tersendiri kerana ada beberapa faktor lain pula yang berkait rapat dengan ketentuan niat. Justeru, kajian ini dĳalankan bagi mengenal pasti faktor penentu niat gelagat kepatuhan zakat gaji dalam kalangan anggota masyarakat Islam di negeri Kedah. Teori Gelagat Terancang (Theory of Planned Behavior) yang dibangunkan oleh Ajzen (1985) digunakan sebagai landasan kepada kajian ini. Meskipun demikian, kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan yang berbeza daripada kebiasaannya, iaitu menghuraikan faktor sikap dan faktor norma subjektif dalam teori berkenaan kepada dimensi yang lebih khusus bagi mendapat kefahaman yang lebih jelas dan komprehensif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa sikap dan norma subjektif masing-masing dapat dileraikan kepada enam dan tiga komponen. Kesemua komponen tersebut apabila diuji dalam model regresi berganda menghasilkan dapatan yang lebih jelas. Tiga komponen sikap, tiga komponen norma subjektif, dan kawalan gelagat ditanggap berhubungan secara positif dan signifikan ke atas niat gelagat kepatuhan. Justeru, kajian ini menyokong bahawa sikap dan norma subjektif terhadap niat gelagat kepatuhan zakat gaji adalah terdiri daripada pelbagai dimensi dan lebih jelas dikaji dengan menggunakan setiap dimensi tersebut sebagai angkubah berasingan. Justeru, pihak berkuasa zakat disarankan membuat dan melaksanakan suatu pelan tindakan yang memfokus kepada bentuk sikap, kumpulan rujukan serta faktor kawalan gelagat ditanggap.
Dimensi Pelaporan Kewangan Menerusi Internet
Authors: Ali Khan Mohd Noor Azli , Ismail Noor Azizi
Published: August 2020

Revolusi penggunaan internet menyediakan pengurusan korporat dengan kaedah yang unik bagi komunikasi maklumat korporat, termasuk maklumat kewangan, terus kepada para pelabur, bakal pelabur dan para pemegang saham. Konsisten dengan kemajuan internet sebagai alat komunikasi yang murah tetapi berpengaruh, pendedahan maklumat kewangan menerusi internet menjadi subjek kajian yang semakin popular. Banyak kajian telah dĳ alankan terhadap keberkesanan, kaedah dan kualiti Pelaporan Kewangan Menerusi Internet (PKMI) sepanjang dekad yang lalu. Bagaimanapun, kebanyakan kajian awal PKMI ini lebih bersifat deskriptif dan penerokaan. Justeru, kajian tersebut tidak mampu menerangkan item yang dapat mewakili tahap PKMI. Walaupun kebanyakan kajian mengakui kebenaran bahawa proksi yang bersesuaian seperti indeks pelaporan boleh digunakan bagi pemahaman mendalam mengenai kecanggihan maklumat yang dilaporkan oleh syarikat, namun masih sedikit usaha yang dilakukan untuk membina indeks tersebut. Daripada kajian yang sedikit ini, penggunaan dimensi bagi mewakili PKMI tidak konsisten dalam kalangan penyelidik. Perbezaan ini menyumbang kepada perbezaan dapatan kajian dan seterusnya gagal menerangkan dengan jelas faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku PKMI. Oleh itu, artikel ini membincangkan isu berkaitan indeks pelaporan melalui sorotan literatur secara komprehensif dan kemudiannya mencadangkan dimensi yang bersesuaian bagi indeks pelaporan untuk mewakili PKMI.
Linking Pay Level to Interactional Justice as a Determinant of Personal Outcomes
Authors: Ismail Azman , Mohd Shariff Mohd Noor
Published: August 2020

Human resource development literature highlights that pay level is a crucial compensation design issue. The ability of the management to properly design the level of pay according to external and internal organisational factors may have a significant impact on personal outcomes, i.e. job satisfaction, job commitment, and job performance. More importantly, a thorough review of such relationships revealed that effect of pay level on personal outcomes is indirectly affected by feelings of interactional justice. Although the nature of this relationship is interesting, little is known about the influence of interactional justice in compensation programme models. Therefore, this study was conducted to measure the mediating effect of interactional justice in the relationship between pay level and personal outcomes. A survey research method was used to gather 917 usable questionnaires from employees who have worked in Malaysian institutions of higher learning. The outcomes of stepwise regression analysis showed three important findings: firstly, the relationship between interactional justice and pay level would increase job satisfaction. Secondly, the relationship between interactional justice and pay level would increase job commitment. Third, relationship between interactional justice and pay level would increase job performance. This result confirmed that interactional justice does act as a full mediating variable in the pay system model of the organisation sample. In addition, the implications of this study on compensation theory and practice, conceptual and methodological limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Organisational Symbols: Reflections of Organisational Culture?
Authors: Yusof Norhafezah
Published: August 2020

The objective of this paper is to discuss the role(s) of organisational symbols in representing organisational identity. To what extent do the so-called organisational symbols have significant impact on the employees in an organisation in identifying themselves with the organisational identity? Is it due to the top-down approach imposed by the top management? This paper is based on a six month ethnographic study conducted in selected Information Communication Technology (ICT) based corporations in one of the Malaysian Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) cities. From the fi ndings, there are three main organisational symbols which are related to organisational identity: identity cards, black sofa, and offi ce cubicles. The paper concludes that the construction of organisational symbols is a mix of a controlled culture (top-down) and to a certain degree is the participative activity of the employees. Nevertheless, the organisational symbols are embraced by the employees due to the need to be identified with an organisation.
Ramalan Niat Gelagat Kepatuhan Zakat Pendapatan Gaji: Perbandingan Teori Tindakan Beralasan dan Teori Gelagat Terancang
Authors: Bidin Zainol , Md. Idris Kamil
Published: August 2020

Kepatuhan zakat merupakan suatu perkara yang penting dalam meningkatkan kutipan zakat. Faktor niat dianggap sebagai prasyarat terdekat dalam menentukan gelagat kepatuhan seseorang. Bagaimanapun, faktor niat tidak tercetus secara tersendiri kerana ada beberapa faktor lain pula yang berkait rapat dengan ketentuan niat. Justeru, kajian ini membandingkan dua model dalam meramal niat individu: teori tindakan beralasan (TTB) dan teori gelagat terancang (TGT). Sebanyak 250 responden dari organisasi awam dan swasta dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan pemodelan persamaan berstruktur. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa sikap, norma subjektif, dan kawalan gelagat ditanggap memainkan peranan penting dalam mempengaruhi niat gelagat kepatuhan zakat gaji. Kedua-dua TTB dan TGT meramalkan niat gelagat kepatuhan zakat gaji dengan baik, namun TGT mempunyai kelebihan berbanding TTB apabila kebagusuaian padanan model TGT menunjukkan padanan yang lebih baik berbanding TGT. Di samping itu, keupayaan model TGT dalam meramal niat gelagat menunjukkan peningkatan dalam varian diterang, iaitu 48%. Implikasi terhadap pembuat dasar dan kajian lanjutan turut dibincangkan.
Satisfying Customers Using Total Quality Management: The Mediating Role of Control Systems
Authors: Yaacob Zulnaidi , Router Ommei Kolsum S.
Published: August 2020

The premise of this paper is that Total Quality Management (TQM) must be adopted as a way of life for employees and not just as a slogan per se, so that the intended goal of implementing TQM can be fully realised. In order to internalise the philosophy of TQM into each organisational member, control systems play an important role. Control systems, among others, are implemented as systems for aligning the intended objectives of TQM and the individual objectives of each employee. The findings of this study supported the contingency theory that suggested the control systems being practised should be aligned with the strategy pursued to achieve the intended objectives. This paper extends the current existing knowledge by investigating the mediating role of control systems in explaining the relationship between TQM and customer satisfaction.
Kesan Amalan Komunikasi dalam Sistem Ganjaran dan Keadilan Prosedur Terhadap Prestasi Kerja
Authors: Ismail Azman , Abang Abdullah Dayang Nailul Munna , Wahid Noraida , Mohd Shariff Mohd Noor
Published: August 2020

Kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengukur pengaruh persepsi keadilan prosedur dalam perhubungan antara amalan komunikasi dalam sistem ganjaran dan prestasi kerja di sebuah penguasa tempatan berstatus bandar raya di Sarawak, Malaysia. keputusan analisis regresi berganda hierarki menunjukkan bahawa interaksi antara pengetahuan tentang sistem ganjaran dan keadilan prosedur mempunyai hubungan yang tidak signifi kan dengan prestasi kerja, tetapi interaksi antara layanan ketua terdekat dan keadilan prosedur mempunyai hubungan yang signifi kan dengan prestasi kerja. dapatan kajian mengesahkan bahawa keadilan prosedur hanya bertindak sebagai pemboleh ubah penyederhanaan separa dalam model sistem ganjaran dalam organisasi kajian. justeru itu, implikasi dan limitasi kajian ini, serta cadangan kajian akan datang turut dibincangkan.
Holding CEOs Accountable: Improving Compensation Structure
Authors: Chu Hung W
Published: August 2020

This paper presents three different hypotheses that attempt to explain the CEO compensation structure and the optimal contract, managerial power, and tournament system hypotheses. Using knowledge gained from these three hypotheses, a brief analysis of the reasons the government needs to be involved in regulating the CEO compensation structure follows. The paper ends with a proposal to regulate the compensation structure and addresses various potential objections to government regulation.
Pembiayaan Ekuiti Musyarakah Mutanaqisah (MMQ): Perubahan Daripada Al-Bai’ Bithaman Ajil (BBA) Berasaskan Pengalaman Teras Dara Consortium (TDC)
Authors: Ahmad Sanep , Mohamed Yusop Nora Yusma
Published: August 2020

Sistem perbankan Islam adalah satu sistem yang menekankan keadilan berdasarkan konsep perkongsian keuntungan. Malangnya kebanyakan produk pembiayaan perbankan Islam masa kini adalah pembiayaan-hutang yang bercanggah dengan dasar keadilan perbankan Islam. Lantaran itu perbankan Islam perlu meningkatkan produk pembiayaan yang bercirikan keadilan berdasarkan pembiayaan-ekuiti. Sehubungan itu makalah ini cuba menerokai kemungkinan bagaimana pembiayaan-hutang boleh diubahsuai kepada pembiayaan-ekuiti. Pengubahsuaian akan dilakukan ke atas Bai’ Bithaman Ajil (BBA) memandangkan kaedah BBA merupakan kaedah yang paling banyak diamalkan pada masa kini. Analisis ubahsuai dilakukan secara teori daripada konsep murabahah dalam BBA kepada konsep musyarakah mutanaqisah (MMQ), manakala bukti empirikal dilakukan berasaskan kepada pengalaman Teras Dara Consortium (TDC). Kajian mendapati bahawa konsep pembiayaan-hutang dalam BBA boleh diubahsuai kepada pembiayaan-ekuiti berkonsepkan MMQ. Pengalaman TDC membuktikan bahawa pengamalan konsep ini tetap mendatangkan keuntungan, dapat mempercepatkan unit jualan, dapat menambah penyertaan golongan berpendapatan rendah dan dapat mengubah motif pembiayaan daripada keuntungan kepada kebajikan. Implikasinya ialah perubahan sedemikian dapat meningkatkan fungsi sebenar perbankan Islam serta dapat meningkatkan taraf kebajikan masyarakat.
Is Inflation Regressive or Progressive? Long Run & Short Run Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , M. Wahid Abu N. , Kalim Rukhsana
Published: August 2020

The present paper investigates an answer to a key question “is inflation regressive or progressive?” by utilizing time series data from 1971 up to 2005 with reference to Pakistan. The main focus of the study is on the inflation-inequality puzzle but other control variables are also included in the model that affect income distribution. We have utilized the most advanced technique FMOLS (Fully-Modified Ordinary Least Square) for long run and ECM (Error Correction Model) for short run dynamics. Our findings suggest that inflation is progressive in the case of Pakistan but with low magnitude. There is also a prevalence of a U-shaped relationship between inflation and income inequality in non-linear or non-monotonic phenomenon, but it is insignificant. Per capita income deteriorates income distribution, and seems to provide gains to non-poor individuals in the economy. Remittances as share of GDP, and human capital, also appear to increase income inequality in both periods but large size of the government seems to worsen income distribution in the long run. International trade and income inequality are positively correlated that confirms the existence of Leontief paradox in Pakistan not only in short run, but also in long run. Financial development declines income inequality insignificantly. Inverted U-shaped curve (Lafer-Curve) indicates an association of trade and income inequality in non-linear fashion insignificantly. This effort provides some new insights for policy makers and development planners in Pakistan.   Keywords: Inflation; inequality; fully modifed ordinary least square; Pakistan.
The Determinants of Internet Financial Disclosure: The Perspective of Malaysian Listed Companiesal
Authors: Alarussi Ali Saleh , Selamat Mohamad Hisyam , Mohd Hanefah Mustafa
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates whether Internet Financial Disclosure (IFD) can be explained by the elements of the company’s characteristics and dominant personalities in board committees. Ten variables have been tested using data collected from 194 Malaysian listed companies’ websites, namely, internationality, leverage, foreign shareholders, information technology (IT) experts, firm’s age, number of shareholders, listing status, dominant personalities in the audit committee, chairman of audit and nomination committees, and dominant personalities in the audit and nomination committees. It is found that IT experts, firm’s age, number of shareholders and listing status are significantly affected by the level of IFD. However dominant personalities in the audit and nomination committees are negatively related to the level of IFD in Malaysia. The study provides some evidence to support the signaling theory and the cost and benefit hypothesis in relation to Internet disclosure.   Keywords: Determinants, Internet Financial Disclosure, listed companies.
The Influence of Organizational Culture as Moderator between Person-Organization (P-O) Fit and Work Attitudes
Authors: Kumar S. Senthil
Published: August 2020

Although the positive effect of Person-Organization fit (P-O fit) on work attitudes is well known, research into the environmental factors that affect P-O fit’s salience in predicting work attitudes is in its infancy. This study examined the moderating effects of organizational culture in the relationship between P-O fit and work attitudes such as job satisfaction, and organizational commitment in the national culture context. Results from a sample of 173 managerial-level employees from 7 organizations in India suggest that organizational culture either strengthens or weakens the positive relationship between P-O fit and work attitudes depending upon its alignment with national culture. In the Indian cultural context, it is found that people and control-oriented organizational cultures that are isomorphic with national culture weaken the relationship between P-O fi t and work attitudes. Whereas creation and market-oriented cultures that are non-isomorphic with Indian national culture strengthen the positive relationship between P-O fi t and work attitudes. Results of this study have implications in employee selection, socialization and organizational culture management.   Keywords: Person-organization fit, organizational culture, national culture, job satisfaction, organizational commitment.
Jangka Masa Keluar Daripada Kepompong Kemiskinan dan Ketermiskinan: Kajian Kes di Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
Authors: Che Mat Siti Hadijah , Abdul Hakim Roslan
Published: August 2020

Malaysia mencatatkan pengurangan kemiskinan yang memberangsangkan semenjak merdeka hingga kini. Kadar kemiskinan telah berkurangan daripada 52.4% pada tahun 1970 kepada 3.8% pada tahun 2009. Dalam Rancangan Malaysia ke Sepuluh (2010–2015), negara mensasarkan agar pada tahun 2015, purata pendapatan bagi 40% golongan isi rumah yang mempunyai pendapatan terendah meningkat daripada RM1440 pada tahun 2009 kepada RM2300 dan kadar kemiskinan dikurangkan kepada 2.0% pada tahun 2015. Persoalannya, berapa lamakah purata masa yang diperlukan untuk membebaskan mereka yang berada dalam kepompong kemiskinan untuk keluar daripada kepompongnya itu. Makalah ini cuba untuk menganggarkan tempoh masa yang diperlukan oleh isi rumah yang berada dalam kelompok kemiskinan dan ketermiskinan untuk keluar daripada kepompong kemiskinan dan ketermiskinannya dengan menggunakan beberapa anggaran pertumbuhan pendapatan. Kajian kes ini, ditumpukan kepada isi rumah petani di negeri Kedah Darul Aman. Satu kaji selidik secara bersemuka ke atas 384 responden dilakukan antara bulan April hingga Disember 2008. Analisis kajian menggunakan pendekatan seperti yang diperkenalkan oleh Morduch (1998). Dapatan menunjukkan pada kadar pertumbuhan pendapatan lima peratus, purata jangka masa yang diperlukan adalah lebih kurang 10 tahun untuk membebaskan mereka yang miskin (PGK: RM700.00) daripada kepompong kemiskinannya. Manakala isi rumah petani yang dalam keadaan ketermiskinan (PGK: RM430.00 pula mengambil masa selama lapan tahun untuk membebaskannya daripada kepompong ketermiskinannya. Kesimpulannya, sasaran untuk mencapai ketermiskinan sifar atau miskin tegar sifar adalah pada tahun 2021 dengan mengandaikan pertumbuhan pendapatan berlaku pada kadar tiga peratus setahun. Namun tempoh masa itu boleh dipendekkan apabila kadar pertumbuhan dicapai lebih tinggi. Sebagai contoh, miskin tegar sifar tercapai pada tahun 2016 apabila kadar pertumbuhan pendapatan berlaku pada kadar lima peratus setahun.   Kata kunci: Kemiskinan, ketermiskinan, tempoh masa keluar kemiskinan, Malaysia.
Pengaruh Sikap dan Norma Subjektif Terrhadap Niat Gelagat Kepatuhan Cukai Jualan Tempatan
Authors: Bidin Zainol , Hussin Zolkafli , Mohd Salleh Shalihen
Published: August 2020

Literatur cukai lalu menyentuh tentang banyak pemboleh ubah yang boleh mempengaruhi gelagat kepatuhan cukai terutama yang berkaitan dengan cukai langsung. Namun begitu, pemboleh ubah niat gelagat tidak banyak digunakan sebagai tumpuan utama sedangkan ia dikenal pasti sebagai pemboleh ubah anteseden bagi gelagat kepatuhan. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti pemboleh ubah yang mempengaruhi niat gelagat kepatuhan cukai jualan tempatan, iaitu salah satu komponen cukai tidak langsung. Teori Tindakan Beralasan (Theory of Reasoned Action) yang dibangunkan oleh Fishbein dan Ajzen (1975) digunakan sebagai asas kajian. Sejumlah 338 pelesen cukai jualan tempatan di Semenanjung Malaysia telah terlibat sebagai responden kajian. Kaedah regresi berganda digunakan bagi melihat hubung kait antara sikap dan norma subjektif terhadap niat gelagat kepatuhan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa pemboleh ubah sikap dan norma subjektif masing-masing mempengaruhi secara positif dan signifi kan terhadap niat gelagat. Sikap dan norma subjektif dapat menerangkan 64% varian dalam niat gelagat kepatuhan cukai jualan tempatan. Implikasi dan cadangan terhadap pembuat dasar turut dibincangkan.   Kata kunci: Sikap, norma subjektif, niat gelagat, cukai jualan tempatan.
The Tenth Malaysia Plan: Transformation Towards a High Income Advanced Economy
Authors: Ghazali Noor Azlan
Published: August 2020

First of all, thanks for giving me the opportunity to share some of my views despite coming back just recently. Before I move ahead, I would like to just quickly give some quick overview of something very relevant with what we are going to discuss today because the 10th Malaysia Plan is unique in a couple of ways. First of all, in terms of the preparations for the plan. This time the 10th Malaysia Plan was prepared ahead of time, earlier than the schedule. It was not as usual because it was tabled last year. Basically, it was for implementation purposes as it was starting in 2011. And there are a couple of other changes in terms of how the government plans, in the 10th Malaysia Plan, to disburse the funds for development.
National Key Economic Area Multiplier Impact On Malaysian Economy: An Input-Output Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Fuad Siti Nadiah , Puasa Ahmad Fauzi
Published: August 2020

The ultimate aim of this research is to provide an analysis of the impact multipliers on the Malaysian economy for 12 NKEA sectors. Economic activity is a complicated web of interdependent behaviour. A change in any part of the economy leads to changes elsewhere. Consequently, the estimation of the ultimate total impact of a change in the NKEA requires the measurement of the changes that occur elsewhere in the economy. The technique available to obtain these measurements is called input-output (I-O) analysis. I-O analysis is concerned with studying the interdependence of the producing and the consuming units in the modern economy. Our computation of complete I-O multipliers includes total output, income, employment, value-added, imported commodity, domestic taxes and imported taxes multipliers for the NKEA. Among the NKEA sectors, the palm oil, tourism, education, healthcare and other sectors have great potential for further development and are expected to give a high impact on the Malaysian economy. If the government wishes to boost the Malaysian economy for growth, these are the appropriate sectors for development.   Keywords: NKEA, input-output analysis, multiplier impact.
Social Capital and Educational Attainment Among Rural Community in Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Hakim Roslan , Ismail Russayani , Abdul Razak Nor Azam
Published: August 2020

The determinants of educational attainment among children have become one of the main research agenda among scholars, educationists and economists alike. In most studies, the focus is on the relationship between educational attainment and factors such as the quality of teachers, schools, educational technologies, curriculum design, the fi nancial and human capital aspect of the families and the ability of children themselves. Recently, the focus has been expanded to explore the relationship between social capital and educational attainment. As an addition to the existing literature, this paper attempts to investigate the impact of social capital on educational attainment using a regression analysis based on a sample of 2500 households, gathered from a rural community in Terengganu, Malaysia. Six domains of social capital are used to arrive at the index of social capital. The argument advanced in this paper is that social capital, which could be viewed as the outcome of networking, cooperation and trust at the household level, is expected to have a positive impact on a child’s educational attainment. Towards this end, we regress children’s education attainment on social capital along with other relevant independent variables, i.e. family, children, school and neighbourhood characteristics. Interestingly, the result of our study reveals that the level of social capital that a family has, is found to be signifi cant and has the expected positive sign. This finding implies that social capital at the household level appear to be a critical factor in determining a child’s educational attainment. Thus, our finding lends support to the idea that social capital is a good predictor of children’s is educational attainment.   Keywords: Social capital, educational attainment, rural community.
Productivity Improvement in the Utilization of Domestic and Imported Inputs in Resource and Non-Resource-Based Industries: 1983–2005
Authors: Sulaiman Noorasiah , Abdul Rashid Zakariah , Abdul Hamid Khalid
Published: August 2020

The focus of the study is to examine the improvement in productivity on the utilization of intermediate input in resources and non resources-based industries of the Malaysian manufacturing sector. Since improvement in productivity can determine how well an input performed, our main interest rests on whether there exists any discrepancy between the performance of domestic and imported intermediate input. To undertake such an analysis, we employed various publications of the Malaysian Input-Output Tables. The input-output coefficients of domestic and imported inputs were then simulated by using the commodity technology model. It was anticipated that three main findings could be obtained from this study. Firstly, non resourcesbased industries have shown that both inputs have a higher improvement in productivity compared to resources-based industries. Secondly, this study revealed that resource-based industries have improved productivity relatively in the imported input used compared to domestic input. Thirdly, the number of industries that were efficient in utilizing imported input was higher, both, in resource and non resource-based industries. Results from this study show that imported intermediate input are still important in the production of manufactured products, even though many incentives have been given in order to increase the effi ciency of the domestic input used.   Keywords: Productivity improvements, input utilization, resource and non resource-based industries.
Hubungan antara Kerja Berpasukan dengan Kepuasan Kerja Ketua Panitia Sekolah Menengah
Authors: Veloo Arsaythamby , Bin Kiew Hwee
Published: August 2020

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti perbezaan kepuasan kerja ketua panitia dalam kerja berpasukan berdasarkan jantina, umur dan pengalaman kerja. Di samping itu kajian ini juga bertujuan mengenal pasti penyumbang utama dan hubungan antara lima faktor kerja berpasukan iaitu tindakan pemimpin, struktur perwatakan pasukan, struktur perwatakan individu dan hubungan interpersonal dengan kepuasan kerja ketua panitia. Subjek kajian ini terdiri daripada kesemua 141 ketua panitia daripada sembilan buah sekolah menengah kebangsaan harian di daerah Kuala Krai, Kelantan. Alat ukur kerja berpasukan telah diubah suai daripada kajian Karakus dan Töremen (2008) manakala alat ukur kepuasan kerja telah diubah suai daripada Model Teori Dua Faktor Herzberg (1966) dalam Tay (2007). Kerja berpasukan diukur daripada empat dimensi iaitu tindakan pemimpin (8 item), struktur perwatakan pasukan (7 item), struktur perwatakan individu (8 item) dan hubungan interpersonal (8 item) manakala kepuasan kerja diukur menggunakan 20 item. Dapatan kajian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan program Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi 16.0. Kajian ini menggunakan ujian-t, ANOVA satu hala, Kolerasi Pearson dan regrasi berganda untuk menguji hipotesis kajian. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa wujud perbezaan yang signifikan antara jantina dan umur dengan kepuasan kerja tetapi tiada perbezaan yang signifikan dengan pengalaman kerja. Keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara tindakan pemimpin, struktur perwatakan pasukan, struktur perwatakan individu dan hubungan interpersonal. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan tindakan pemimpin, struktur perwatakan pasukan dan hubungan interpersonal menjadi peramal kepada kepuasan kerja. Hasil kajian mencadangkan pihak sekolah, Jabatan Pendidikan Daerah serta Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri yang terlibat dengan program latihan dan pembangunan harus menitikberatkan aspek peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemahiran kerja berpasukan khususnya kepada ketua-ketua panitia dalam aspek kemanusiaan, perancangan dan penyelarasan tugas.   Kata kunci: Kepuasan kerja, kerja berpasukan, jantina, umur, pengalaman kerja.
Pelaburan Langsung Asing dan Perkembangan Pelancongan: Kointegrasi dan Ujian Penyebab Granger di Sepuluh Destinasi Utama Pelancongan
Authors: Mohd Salleh Norlida Hanim , Othman Redzuan , Sarmidi Tamat
Published: August 2020

Kebanyakan Negara Sedang Membangun menghadapi masalah kekurangan dana dalam membangunkan negara mereka khususnya dalam sektor yang memerlukan perbelanjaan yang besar seperti pembangunan industri pelancongan (ARR). Salah satu sumber dana yang penting adalah daripada Pelaburan Langsung Asing (PLA). Oleh itu kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kewujudan hubungan antara PLA dan ARR di destinasi pelancongan utama dunia, iaitu negara Perancis, Sepanyol, Amerika Syarikat, China, Itali, United Kingdom, Jerman, Turki, Mexico dan Malaysia bagi tempoh masa tiga puluh tahun iaitu daripada tahun 1978 hingga 2008. Untuk mencapai tujuan kajian ini, kaedah kointegrasi dan Ujian Penyebab Granger dalam kerangka pendekatan ARDL digunakan. Pemilihan kaedah ini disebabkan oleh keistimewaan kaedah itu sendiri di mana ia membenarkan data siri masa yang pendek digunakan di samping boleh diaplikasikan pada siri masa yang berbeza kepegunannya, iaitu I(0) dan I(I). Hasil kajian mendapati wujud hubungan jangka panjang atau kointegrasi antara PLA dan ARR di kesemua negara dikaji. Dalam jangka pendek ujian sebab-penyebab mendapati ARR adalah signifi kan mempengaruhi PLA bagi negara Perancis, Mexico, United Kingdom dan Malaysia. Sementara di Perancis, Mexico dan United Kingdom sahaja didapati PLA adalah signifi kan mempengaruhi ARR dalam jangka pendek. Bagi negara lain iaitu Jerman, Itali, Sepanyol, Turki, Amerika Syarikat dan China didapati kedua-dua pemboleh ubah PLA dan ARR tidak mempunyai sebarang hubungan dalam jangka pendek. Hasil kerja ini dapat dijadikan panduan kepada pembuat dasar dalam merangsang pembangunan pelancongan.   Kata kunci: Pelaburan langsung asing, perkembangan pelancongan, kointegrasi, ujian penyebab Granger.
Analysis of Zakat Management in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Bashir Mohamed Sharif , Haji Ali Nurul Nabilah
Published: August 2020

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the management of zakat funds in Brunei Darussalam. More specifi cally, it aims at investigating how zakat funds recipients perceive the quality of the current zakat management with special attention to the aspect of zakat funds disbursement. It also aims to examine how effi cient Brunei’s zakat administration is, particularly the distribution aspect. This paper is explanatory and descriptive in nature and uses both secondary and primary data to examine the trends of zakat collection and distribution. The fi ndings in this paper show that zakat management in Brunei Darussalam is progressing to achieve the main objectives of zakat system. The paper also provides some useful policy implications to improve the management of zakat funds and how policy-makers can respond to the challenges positively as well as to develop and support zakat institutions in Brunei Darussalam to be more efficient and reliable in the collection and distribution of zakat funds.   Keyword: Zakat management, Islamic finance, zakat recipients, Brunei Darussalam.
Hubungan Antara Kualiti Produk, Kualiti Perkhidmatan dan Kepuasan Pelanggan dalam Perbankan Islam
Authors: Mat Ali Mohd Fauzwadi , Hamed Abu Bakar , Md Hussain Muhammad Nasri
Published: August 2020

Perkembangan sistem perbankan Islam di Malaysia adalah berdasarkan kepada kesedaran dan permintaan masyarakat kepada suatu sistem yang bebas daripada unsur gharar dan riba. Justeru, objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji hubungan antara kualiti produk dan kualiti perkhidmatan dengan kepuasan pelanggan dalam perbankan Islam. Kualiti produk melibatkan keselesaan dan keberadaan produk, manakala kualiti perkhidmatan adalah kepatuhan, jaminan, ketara, empati, responsif dan kebolehpercayaan. Kajian ini melibatkan data kuantitatif dan data dikutip dengan menggunakan soal selidik. Pembantu penyelidik digunakan bagi mengutip data dari responden yang merupakan pelanggan perbankan Islam. Sebanyak 266 borang soal selidik telah diterima untuk dianalisis dengan menggunakan program Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Analisis deskriptif kepuasan pelanggan perbankan Islam adalah tinggi. Begitu juga bagi faktor-faktor kualiti produk dan kualiti perkhidmatan. Kesemua faktor kualiti produk dan kualiti perkhidmatan menunjukkan korelasi yang positif dan signifi kan dengan kepuasan pelanggan. Analisis regrasi berbilang menunjukkan pemboleh ubah kualiti produk dan kualiti perkhidmatan menerangkan 64 peratus varian dalam kepuasan pelanggan. Faktor responsif, empati, ketara, kepatuhan dan keberadaan produk merupakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan secara signifi kan. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa pelanggan berpuas hati terhadap kualiti produk dan kualiti perkhidmatan yang disediakan oleh pihak perbankan Islam. Pihak perbankan Islam seharusnya memberikan perhatian yang khusus dan prihatin kepada kehendak pelanggan, meyakinkan pelanggan dengan kepatuhan syariah terhadap produk yang ditawarkan, menonjolkan kemudahan dari segi fi zikal, peralatan dan penampilan imej kakitangan serta berkeinginan untuk membantu dan menaikkan imej institusi perbankan Islam.   Kata kunci: Kepuasan pelanggan; kualiti produk; kualiti perkhidmatan; perbankan Islam; Islam; Malaysia.
The Wealth Effects of Share Repurchases in Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Latif Rohaida , Taufil Mohd Kamarun Nisham , Wan Hussin Wan Nordin , Ku Ismail Ku Nor Izah
Published: August 2020

This study aims to assess whether buyback activities in Malaysia are able to provide any economic benefits to shareholders both in the short-term and in the long-run. Specifically this study investigates the price effects on: (a) the announcement surrounding the repurchase intentions and implementation dates, (b) factors affecting the price effects on implementation dates and (c) long-run price effects subsequent to repurchase implementation. Using event study methodologies, this study finds no significant immediate price reactions surrounding repurchase intention dates. However, there is significant evidence of positive abnormal returns in days –5 to +5 surrounding the announcement of repurchase implementation. As for the factors affecting abnormal returns, this study finds that abnormal return responds positively to better prior price performance, dividend yield, directors’ holdings, and fraction of shares repurchased. However, abnormal return responds negatively to the previous amount of cash held, reported earnings per share, and market-to-book value. Using a three year period as a measure of long-run, this study finds that there is no evidence that repurchasing firms experience superior or inferior price performance. This is one of the first studies in Malaysia to examine the long- run wealth effects of share repurchase.   Keywords: Share buybacks, shareholders’ wealth, corporate finance, long-run performance, emerging, Malaysia.
Work-Life Balance and Manager Performance in Bangladesh
Authors: Talukder A. K. M. Mominul Haque , Vickers Margaret H.
Published: August 2020

The current interest in work–life balance (WLB) emanates from the perception that extreme workplace demands can have negative consequences for employees in other important life spheres such as family and leisure. Changes in society that increase the numbers of individuals with significant responsibilities both at home and at work have fuelled further inquiry into the interdependencies between work and home life. Much of the work-life research has been conducted in Western countries, so it is unknown whether theories, models and findings are valid in other settings despite the few studies from emerging economies such as Asia and Africa. The present study examined the effect of the determinants of WLB on individual performance in a developing country’s context. Data were collected from a large logistic firm to identify the link between work environment, work pressure, discrimination, leave options, flexible work hours, employee benefits, and individual performance. Results revealed positive relationships of work environment, leave options, flexible work hours, and employee benefits with individual performance while it was negatively related to discrimination and work pressure. The findings suggested that a pragmatic work-life balance is required to have an increased level of performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.   Keywords: Performance, work environment, work pressure, work-life balance.
The Important Role of Self-Efficacy in Determining Entrepreneurial Orientations of Malay Small Scale Entrepreneurs in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Rohani , Kamaruddin Badrul Hisham , Hassan Salwana , Muda Mazzini , Yahya Khulida Kirana
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the study is to understand the role of self-efficacy in influencing entrepreneurial orientations of small scale Malay entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial orientations are consistently found to influence performance quite positively. Therefore, the understanding of how strong self-efficacy influences entrepreneurial orientations would also help in identifying ways to improve the performance of small scale businesses. There was a lack of research to see what drives business owners to choose among the entrepreneurial orientations, while there were so many researches conducted to see the impact of entrepreneurial orientations on performance. Thus, finding what influences entrepreneurial orientations would be a significant contribution to the field of entrepreneurship. The samples comprised of 162 small scale Malay SMEs in the manufacturing industry in all the states of Malaysia. The Rasch Measurement Model was used for the purpose of construct reliability and validity. In order to identify the influence of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial orientations and its two dimensions (proactivity and innovativeness), a simple linear regression and independent-t test were undertaken by using the SPSS as a tool. The findings indicated that self-efficacy was significantly related to entrepreneurial orientation and self-efficacy of the Malay entrepreneurs has affected innovativeness more strongly than the proactive dimension of entrepreneurial orientations. The independent-t test also was able to identify that Malay entrepreneurs withwith low self-efficacy. The findings give important implications to management consultants whose clients are SMEs to design training modules that specifically focus on developing self-efficacy among average performing SMEs because self-efficacy was found to improve the entrepreneurial orientations of entrepreneurs.   Keywords: Self-efficacy, entrepreneurial orientations, innovativeness and proactivity.
A Circular Causation Model of the Oil and Gas Sector Relative to the Nonoil Sector in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Choudhury Masudul Alam , Al-Muharrami Saeed , Ahmed Mohammad Saleh
Published: August 2020

The goal of Omanization as a comprehensive focus of the productive and social transformation of the Omani economy with the retention of her domestic output and labour component in total national economic activity is studied by using the methodology of circular feedback between some critical macroeconomic variables that relate to oil and non-oil sectoral development. The existing scenario points out that the structural shape of inter-sectoral allocation of resources and their socio-economic results is based on marginal rates of substitutions. Contrarily, the development structure based on inter-sectoral and inter-variable causality leads to the suggestion of the complementary (participatory) development outlook. The emergent model of circular causation is used to study both cases; the ‘as is’ estimation case and the ‘as it ought to be’ simulation case in view of eff ective Omanization taken up in its broad defi nition of socio-economic sustainability. The simulation results that give rise to fresh directions on socio-economic structures and policy-making are further studied by the method of Spatial Domain Analysis of the GIS method.   Keywords: Economic development, development planning, sectoral planning, Oman development policies.
The Factors That Affect the Effectiveness of Training: A Study at Silterra Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., A Semiconductor Company in Malaysia
Authors: Lin Abdullah , Nadarajah Gunalan A/L , Sharif Mohmad Yazam , Bhuiyan Abul Bashar , Islam Md. Aminul
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that can affect the effectiveness of the Yield Management training program at a semiconductor company. The research framework for this study was designed based on the Kirkpatrick model and questionnaires were distributed to the technical staff at Silterra. The study found that factors such as participants, trainer, training materials and organization could affect the effectiveness of the training while other factors such as the training program itself, working environment and technology were immaterial. The results also indicated that participants, trainer, training material and the organization had a positive relationship with the effectiveness of training at the different levels of the Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model.   Keywords: Training effectiveness, technical training, Yield Management training program, Kirkpatrick’s Training Model, Semiconductor industry.
Analisis Tafsiran Asnaf Al-Gharimin di Malaysia
Authors: Md Yusof Syarifah , Md Tahir Raziah
Published: August 2020

Islam memperuntukkan zakat sebagai salah satu cara dalam penyelesaian isu hutang. Namun masih terdapat sebilangan individu yang tidak mampu menyelesaikan hutang sehingga diisytiharkan muflis. Masalah keberhutangan dan muflis bukan sahaja menimbulkan kesan yang negatif kepada individu tersebut malah ahli keluarga turut menerima tempiasnya. Persoalannya, adakah semua golongan yang berhutang dan muflis layak untuk mendapatkan zakat bagi mengatasi masalah ini? Sejauh manakah tafsiran asnaf al-gharimin yang sedia ada di Malaysia merangkumi semua golongan yang berhak menerima zakat? Artikel ini bertujuan meneliti tiga perkara utama. Pertama, meneliti isu hutang dan muflis dari perspektif Islam. Kedua, meneliti isu hutang dan muflis di Malaysia. Ketiga, meneliti adakah tafsiran asnaf al-gharimin bagi setiap negeri di Malaysia menyeluruh merangkumi setiap golongan yang berhak menerima zakat. Untuk itu, analisis kandungan berdasarkan data sekunder dijadikan kaedah utama dengan meneliti tafsiran zakat asnaf al-gharimin di setiap negeri di Malaysia. Kajian ini mendapati tafsiran asnaf al-gharimin adalah tidak menyeluruh dan tidak seragam antara negeri-negeri di Malaysia. Oleh itu, penambahbaikan terhadap tafsiran asnaf al-gharimin perlu dilakukan oleh pihak yang berkaitan.   Kata kunci: Asnaf al-gharimin, zakat, hutang.
The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Market Orientation for Insurance Companies in Lorestan, Iran: An Empirical Study
Authors: Vahdati Hojjat , Shahsiah Neda , Nejad Seyed Hadi Mousavi
Published: August 2020

n the era of ultra-competitiveness, organizations are faced with new challenges which require special attention to develop and strengthen the market orientation skills, and this is done through the basics of organizational knowledge and intellectual capital. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of intellectual capital and knowledge sharing on market orientation. This is a descriptive-survey which was administered in a field method. The statistical population in this study consisted of all employees working for the Lorestan insurance companies [N=121]. Due to the limited number of the population, data were collected by the census method with the help of questionnaires. Four hypotheses were presented and tested by the partial least squares method using the Smart PLS software. The results indicate that intellectual capital has a positive and significant effect on market orientation through knowledge sharing. Moreover, the positive effects of intellectual capital on market orientation, intellectual capital on knowledge sharing, and knowledge sharing on market orientation were approved.   Keywords: Intellectual capital, Knowledge sharing, Market orientation, Insurance companies.
Work Stress, Pay Satisfaction, Psychological Empowerment and Organisational Commitment Among Academic Staff
Authors: Darus Amer , Azizan Farah Lina , Ahmad Fais
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the mediating effect of psychological empowerment on the relationship between work stress, pay satisfaction, and organisational commitment among academic staff in public universities. A total number of 297 academics responded to this study and Statistical Package Software for Social Science (SPSS) Version 21.0 was used to analyse the collected data. The results indicated that work stress is associated with organisational commitment, whereas pay satisfaction, psychological empowerment, and organisational commitment have significant relationships with each other. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed that psychological empowerment partially mediated on the relationship between pay satisfaction and organisational commitment. It is recommended that future research could further extend by including non-academic staff as well.   Keywords: Organisational Commitment, Work Stress, Pay Satisfaction, Psychological Empowerment
THE PRO-CYCLICALITY OF LOAN LOSS PROVISIONS: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Abdul Adzis Azira
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the evidence of pro-cyclical behaviour of loan loss provision in four East Asian countries, namely Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and Hong Kong for the period 1995-2009. Pro-cyclical is defined as building up more loan loss provision during the bad times and reducing them in good times. This study hypothesized that pro-cyclical behaviour of loan loss provision exists in East Asian countries, since they had experienced two types of financial crises – Asian financial crisis in 1997 and global economic crisis in 2008. Utilising a sample of 47 banks, the findings demonstrated that there is evidence of a pro-cyclical pattern in the countries studied, as shown by the negative relationship between loan loss provision and GDP. This study does have a policy implication, where bank regulators should take pro-active action in addressing the issue of pro-cyclicality of loan loss provision because in bad times, increasing loan loss provision would affect the bank’s profit, weaken the bank’s capital, and in turn, diminish its lending activities to creditworthy borrowers. Keywords: Pro-cyclical, Loan loss provision, Malaysian bank