bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practices and Attitudes of Youth in Politics in Epe Local Government, Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Apeke Saka Latifat , Sebiomo Bola
Published: May 2015

Politics is a necessary result of man‟s relationship with each other, it is everywhere and influencing the affairs of human being, it is a means by which an individuals or group of people achieve and maintain power and influence positively the socio-economic status of the parties concerned. This paper reports the practices and attitude of youth in politics in Epe local government area, Lagos state. From the study fifty (50) youths were randomly selected from five zones, ten (10) youths from each zone in Epe Local area. Each technique contained four items. Findings shows that youth wing of political parties came first under political attitudes while violence came first with mean score of 2.58 under youth anti-social behavior in politics followed by maltreatment of youth in the society with mean score of 2.98 under the causes of youth negative behaviors in politics, introducing programme of protection to youth came first with the mean score of 3.74 under how could government of Nigeria help the youth to become an instrument for natural rebirth. There is significant difference between male and female views in causes and solution to youth problems in politics. There is no significant difference between male and female views in the practices and attitudes of youth in politics. It is recommended that Government should enlighten the youth on how to practice politics without violence more so National rebirth could be advanced if also organize seminars and workshop for the youths.
Nigeria’s Water Challenges and the Millennium Development Goals (MDS’S)
Authors: Tsegha Emmanuel
Published: May 2015

Water is a pre-requisite for human health and well-being as well as preservation of the environment. It is vital to all living creatures on earth. To underscore the importance of this fact the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in 2005 elevated water to the status of human right of the people. Again at its Millennium Summit in the year 2000 the UN signed up to the Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s) which represent a global agreement by the world leaders setting out key standards that nations of the world should achieve by the year 2015. The component of water in the MDG’s is very prominent. Apart from standing alone as a principal target (Goal 8) it is also directly or indirectly related to Goals 1,4,5 and 6, a total of four other goals. This paper examines the current rate of progress in this sector vis-a-vis the MDG’s targets, whether the nation is on track or off-track in realizing this particularly essential, inclusive goal. It concludes with some suggestions in finding ways to achieve this time-bound commitment.
Relationship between Sustainable Financial Services and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria - Evidence from Error Correction Model
Authors: Muritala Taiwo Adewale , Fasanya Ismail O.
Published: May 2015

The inflexibility of poverty is being met with increasing impatience from governments of diverse ideologies, donors and other international agencies. Recent data compilations show that many poor and non-poor people in many developing countries face a high degree of financial exclusion and high barriers in access to finance. Therefore, financial inclusion plays a critical role in reducing poverty. Hence, this paper examines the relationship between sustainable financial services and poverty reduction in Nigeria from 1965 - 2010 using Error Correction Model (ECM). It was observed that total value prime lending rate, financial savings, credit to private sector and rate of inflation all have significant impact on the financial deepening. In the final analysis, the study concludes that financial inclusion tends to strengthen financial deepening and provide resources to the banks to expand credit delivery thereby leading to financial development. The study therefore recommends that these findings, in turn, will inform the policy makers and stakeholders to build more inclusive financial systems
The Relationship between Working Capital Management and Profitability: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Nadeem , Ahmad Naveed , Riaz Zeeshan
Published: May 2015

In this paper secondary data is used for analysis of working capital on profitability. In this research paper we take working capital as independent variable and net operating profit as dependent variable. We have found a significant negative relationship between net operating profitability and the average collection period, inventory turnover in days, average payment period and cash conversion cycle for a sample of Pakistani firms listed on Karachi stock exchange. Previous theoretical research predicts negative relationship between cash conversion cycle and corporate profitability. The results of regression indicate that the coefficient of account receivable is negative; that is, the increase or decrease in average collection period wills significantly affect the profitability of the firm. According to inter-item correlation matrix the relationship of account receivables, account payables and inventory with profit shows positive relationship but cash conversion cycle, financial debt and financial assets shows negative relationship with profitability. Inventory shows the positive relationship with dependent variable which proves that working capital management has a positive effect on firm’s probability.
Service Quality, Perceived Value and Customer Satisfaction as Determinant of Airline Choice in Nigeria
Authors: Adeola Mukarramah Modupe , Adebiyi Sulaimon Olanrewaju
Published: May 2015

The success of airlines depends majorly on the ability to identify customers‟ wants and needs, and factor it in the quality service that would meet customers‟ satisfaction. Thus, there is need for continuous research so as to assist all the players survive in the changing business environment.This paper examines service quality, perceived value and customer satisfaction as the determinant of choice of airline by air travellers in Nigeria. Survey method was employed using primary data obtained through the use of questionnaires. 220 questionnaires were administered by the researcher through purposive sampling to air travellers at MM2 in Lagos which 200 were returned and properly filled. The questionnaires were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression with the support of SPSS 17. The study revealed that the income/social status, poor states of roads as well as the insecurity accounts for the sudden rise in air transport travellers and that service quality, perceive value influences their satisfaction level on the choice of airline. Therefore, airline companies in Nigeria should increase the quality of service since many users of the air transport requires it and make sure passengers fare paid should commensurate the service delivered so as to enhance travellers patronage.
Comparing the Psychological Well Being Factors among the Parents of the Mentally Retarded Children with those of the Normal Children
Authors: Boromand Narmin , Narimani Mohammad , Mosazadeh Tavakol
Published: May 2015

The aim of the present research was to compare the psychological well being factors among the parents of the mentally retarded children with those of the normal children. the descriptive research is comparative - causative. The statistical population of the present research includes all the parents of the mentally retarded and normal children whose children were studying in the mentally retarded and normal schools in Mahabad in the educational year of 2012-2013. For this, 80 parents of the mentally retarded children were chosen through the random sampling and 80 parents of the normal children were selected through the multistage random sampling. To collect data m, the Ryff psychological well being questionnaire was used. To analyze data, the multivariate variance analysis statistics was applied. The results of the multivariate variance analysis statistics shows that there is a significant relations with regards to the positive relationship with the others, mastering the environment at the alpha level of 0/01 (P < 0/01), and with regards to the self acceptance factors, independence, having purpose in life and personal development at the alpha level of 0/05 (P < 0/05). There is a significant difference between the parents of the normal children and those of the mentally retarded children with regards to the psychological well being factors (positive relationship with the others, mastering the environment, self acceptance factors, independence, having purpose in life, and personal development).
Work Life Balance and Job Satisfaction among the Working Women of Banking and Education Sector - A Comparative Study
Authors: Yadav Rajesh K. , Dabhade Nishant
Published: May 2015

In the present scenario, work life balance for women employees is highly desirable and if there is no job satisfaction and consistency in life, it can create a dilemma for working women. Work life balance requires attaining equilibrium between professional work and personal work, so that it reduces friction between official and domestic life. The ultimate performance of any organization depends on the performance of its employees, which in turn depends on numerous factors. These factors can be related to job satisfaction or family or both. A comparative study is conducted among the working women of some Govt. colleges and national institutes of Bhopal in education sector and nationalized banks, running their in Bhopal (M.P.) for banking sector. The objective of this research is to study the working environment and women‟s perception about the work life balance and job satisfaction, who are working in banking and education sector. Apart from it, another significant objective is to study effects of work life balance on job satisfaction and initiatives taken by the organizations for effective work life balance and its relation with the job satisfaction. Standard Deviation is applied in this paper to check the authenticity of data given by the respondents of both the sectors. Finding suggests that WLB can be achieved by the factors responsible for job satisfaction such as: supportive colleagues, supportive working conditions, mentally challenging work, equitable rewards and employee oriented policies etc.
Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship of Educational Management Students in Andimeshk Payame Noor University
Authors: Ghayazi Sakineh , Omidian Faranak , Hosseinpoor Mohammed
Published: May 2015

The goal of this study was to search for the factors affecting entrepreneurship of educational management students in Andimeshk Payame Noor University in 2012-2013. That was a survey and the research method was descriptive. The statistic population included 400 full time members of faculties in these universities and 200 participants were selected based on accidental sampling. The tool used in this survey was a questionnaire which included 33 statements. The validity of questionnaire was emphasized and accepted by 10 experts in this field and the reliability of questionnaire was determined based on Chronbach’s Alpha coefficient and the number was 0.93. For the analysis of data, a combination of descriptive and inferential techniques including independent T test and Friedman ranking test was used. Findings indicated by 95 % of assurance the individual, social and economical factors affect on the educational management students' entrepreneurship in order according to the students views.
Lullaby in Kallhor’s Culture
Authors: Hemati Nahid , Nazari Saeed
Published: May 2015

One kind of folkollar literature, which has been played a major role in socializing children, is called as lullaby. Lullabies are public culture elements that have cultural specific meanings and symbols. As matter of fact we can say that their goals and feelings of the family will convey through lullaby to the baby. This paper attempt to reviews children literature and lullabying in the *Kalhor culture. And also we survey the themes such as Emphasis on the role of mothers in child care, woman need to have a baby, devotion of Motherhood and All hope role of mother to child.
Impact of Claim Settlement on Sales of Life Insurance Policies - A Case Study of LIC of India
Authors: Yadav Rajesh K.
Published: May 2015

Claim settlement is one of the most important parts of the life insurance services. Person who is holding or planning for the life insurance will always want to have prompt claim settlement. For any insurance company sales of insurance policies is the biggest source of revenue and if claim are not properly settled then it will affect its sales. The study is based on the secondary data collected from IRDA annual report and it shows that LIC of India continue to grow due to its prompt claim settlement, highest insurance premium collections and highest number of policies sold.
Bioprospecting, Biopiracy and Food Security in India: The Emerging Sides of Neoliberalism
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayan
Published: May 2015

Biopirates benefited and prospered from the plundering of natural resources from the developing and less developed countries without paying any royalty to the source countries at all. In the recent past, there have been several cases of biopiracy of traditional knowledge from India. Biopiracy in India was observed in the common plant varieties like Haldi, Basmati, Neem etc. Some cases have been highlighted with a success story, but there are also numerous stories of deprivation in the context of biopiracy. The stealing of biological resources and indigenous knowledge would affect food security, livelihood of indigenous people, and consumers‟ choice. More than 70 % of our food supply is dependent on a small number of edible plant resources, mainly wheat, maize, rice, and potato, which are fundamental to food security. Patenting of these plants varieties will definitely pose threat to the consumers. In politics, biopiracy has triggered the problem of the intrusion of national sovereignty when a corporation or a government from other countries utilizes and benefits from the patent varieties of genetic resources which derived from genetic resources or traditional knowledge from another sovereign state. However, in the past few years, developing countries have become more vocal in the international arena. This would help developing countries in the political bargaining with developed countries and can help to solve the problem of biopiracy.
Identification of Key Actors of Agricultural Community-Based Organization from Communication Perspective in Malaysia
Authors: Shariff N.N.M. , Muhammad A. , Hamidi Zety Sharizat
Published: May 2015

This paper was part of a larger study which focuses on communication aspect of sustainable agriculture. To date, most of communication issues highlight role of extension officer rather than CBOs or the farmers meaning from top to bottom approach. It is realized that the flows of communication and the exchanges between different actors are extremely significant especially to understand the current state of agriculture and to facilitate the learning process. This underscores the need for dialogues and interactions between different actors and networks. Hence, this research will focus on CBOs because of the changing focus from extension officers to CBOs also changes the agricultural perspective. The purpose of this paper is to identify key actors that involved in an agricultural community-based organization (CBO). By identifying key actors, we can understand: 1) characteristic of a CBO; and 2) dissemination of agricultural knowledge – network. Therefore, a more sustainable agricultural practice can be embraced by many especially by conventional farmers.
Internal Mechanisms of Persuasion
Authors: Teodorescu Bianca
Published: May 2015

By persuasion we understand the action to convince someone to do something that we want to achieve our aims. The person who accepts the other’s opinions without any real evidence can be easily persuaded. Persuasion is a form of influence. It is a modality of argumentation through a person is trying to convince another person or a group of people to believe the false evidence. The persuasion is a process which is based on people in order to adopt attitudes or rational and irrational actions relying on a persuasive speech instead using means of force.
Two New Interpretation of Plato's Protagoras
Authors: Javanmardi Sana , Motlaq Saeed Binaaye
Published: May 2015

As we know, one of the most important ideas of Protagoras is Epistemic Relativism that this theory is attributed to him during the history of philosophy, without any dispute; But in the new era commentators such as Dr. Qavam Safari and Cornford by further and more precise reading the conversations between Protagoras and Theaetetus have concluded to this belief that Plato has interpreted the Protagoras’ rule of “Humanism“, by assimilating it with a course which he calls it “secret” and also the theory of Theaetetus “knowledge = perceiving”, in a way that it leads to perfect and very sophisticated relativism; and then in an ahistorical effort, Plato has imposed this relativism to the Protagoras’ mind. Whether this claim is proved or remained only as a claim, it should be discussed; so we have attempted to address this important issue in the present article.
The Meanings of Letter "V" in the Poems of Sa'adi
Authors: Moradi Ayoob , Kamali Mahmoud , Chalak Sara , Izedi Hooshang
Published: May 2015

Letters is one of the basic topics of Persian Grammar and divided to three general groups: Preposition, Conjunction, and Sign. Most important and valuable letter in the grammar is "V" ("and" in English). We find better the importance of this letter when we study its grammar roles. In the first part of this research, we mention the meanings of the letter V that the Grammar researchers have written before, by the poetic example from Sa'adi. In the Second part, we introduce and mention some new and exquisite meanings that nobody has mentioned before. Consequence is that letter V in Sa'adis poems has 32 different and separate meanings. We introduce all those meanings in this research in details.
The Strategic Role of the Mass Media in Strengthening the Discourse of Moderation and Rationality
Authors: Firoozi Hussein , Mostafaye Fardin , Khaledian Mohamad
Published: May 2015

This research is concerned with the role of the mass media in expanding the discourse of moderation. Mass media, as information highways, effective communication bridge on public thinking and civil society watchdog, contribute significantly to the process of informing and raising awareness to the people, strengthening cultural-thinking basics of the society and expanding the discourse of moderation. Mass media are the main leverages for education, campaigns, culture building, and constitution of public understanding. They are also, components for making civility. This research is descriptive-analytical and the analysis of research basics and theories indicate that mass media could by adopting different communication policies, play a strategic role in enhancing and expanding the discourse of rationality and moderation.
Sustainable Logistics and Business Competitiveness
Authors: Dima Ioan Constantin , Grabara Janusz , Modrak Vladimir
Published: May 2015

Competitiveness, from the point of view of the company, can be defined as the ability to provide products and services in the same, or a more efficient way, than competitors do. The competitiveness of companies is, of course influenced by many factors, until recently, it was mainly the quality and price of goods or services. For some time, often appear another important factor for consumer, when choosing goods, it is the ratio of the principles of sustainable development. Due to the assumptions of companies steady growth, and taking into account the limited amount of available resources, we should mention the assumptions of sustainable development. It promotes activities, that seek to meet the needs of our generation, not crossed the needs of future generations. At the microeconomic level, the equivalent of sustainable development is the idea of socially responsible business. Companies that decide to implement its business principles of sustainable development, they are forced to accept the principle of socialized business.
Convictive Communication and Persuasive Communication
Authors: Vlăduţescu Ştefan
Published: May 2015

The study starts from the identification of the discourses and conversations ongoing existence of two ways of communication processes. On the one hand, some processes are structured by concatenating rational arguments; arguments are often natural logic and occasionally may be of formal logic. On the other hand, other processes are directed and developed communication based on emotional arguments. In relation to the type of arguments that are used in communication delimit two types of communication: convictive communication and persuasive communication. The two types are found rarely in pure configuration. In the current communication the two intersect. Convictive or persuasive character of a statement is given by the predominance of one or other type of arguments.
Of Protests and Riots: The Media Coverage of June 2009 Events in Iran and those of August 2011 in Britain
Authors: Arani Fatemeh Shahpoori , Marandi Seyed Mohammad , Pirnajmuddin Hossein
Published: May 2015

In the wake of America’s post - 9/11 ”anti-terrorist” policies the old scenario of regime-change in Iran entered a new phase. The media coverage of the 2009 presidential election and especially the election aftermath in Iran, believed by many to be unprecedented in the history of Western media coverage of any presidential election, was clearly in line with color revolution strategies. Predictably, the BBC and VOA played a key role. Soon afterward, the August and September 2011anti-capitalism protests in London and New York provided a good chance once again to test the Western governments’ claim of respecting their people’s “right-to-protest.” Focusing mostly on the BBC’s coverage of the two events, as a case study, and drawing upon insights from colonial and postcolonial studies and critical discourse analysis, this study attempts to investigate how the BBC recontextualized and reported the post-election “protests” in Iran and August 2011 anti-capitalism “riots” in Britain through prepackaged information.
The Management of the Mechanized Face, Considered as a Unique System
Authors: Radu Sorin Mihai
Published: May 2015

The systemic approach of the mechanized face is carried out by appealing to the flexible economic-mathematics models, to the advantages offered by their using. The concept of vague sets (by fuzzyfication) was used, the issues to be solved become more flexible and allow those who have to take a decision to get many variants for the objectively established functions among them can select the best variant, in accordance with the requirements of the moment and intuition.
“You’ll Never Walk Alone”: Phenomenology and Ageing in Contemporary Culture
Authors: Powell Jason L.
Published: May 2015

This article explores the theory of phenomenology and its relevance for understanding ageing. I begin by attempting to unravel the main theorisations of phenomenology and then explore how the use of a biographical method can be enmeshed in cultural contexts of ageing. In particular, I assess the relevance of the ageing body, and ageing identity for pointing toward a general theory that can be defined as a ‘phenomenology of ageing’. Part of the context for realising the potential of phenomenology is its dissection of meaning, not as fixed, but as fluid as found in the context of everyday life. Phenomenology provides a significant contribution to un-locking an understanding of what is means to be a human person situated within and across the life course. It can be used to reveal critical consciousness, understanding of personal identity and social meanings. This article explores the contexts, examples and situations within which the perspective can be illuminated for understanding ageing. Ageing is a biographical process and this will be dissected for understanding social theory.
Communication on the Difficult Route of Lie
Authors: Vlăduţescu Ştefan
Published: May 2015

The study explores de phenomenon of deception. It proves that lies are communications with fictional content focused on the expectations of a person or social group and aim a problematic situation. The untrue communicative instance lacks figure: nobody is declared a liar when they lie. The productions do not have a producer presenting itself as a liar, but it is always emphasised by a certain recipient. They have a content related to the current cognitive-practical interests of the target. The liar acts in two directions: by distorting a correct thinking, by perverting the language. It is a man lacking language responsibility and a profiteer of cogitation.
Communication Process in a Lean Concept
Authors: Gîfu Daniela , Teodorescu Mirela
Published: May 2015

Communication is a process we do for most of the day in our personal and professional lives; yet most of us work on it less than our other skills. We’re taught about proper communication all through school and even into our college education. Every time we are stressed of the importance of clear communication. Most of us have heard the idea “listening is the most important part of communication”; but how many of us continue to work on our communication skills as an ongoing process? Systems theory is the transdisciplinary study of the abstract organization of phenomena, independent of their substance, type, or spatial or temporal scale of existence. It investigates both the principles common to all complex entities, and the (usually mathematical) models which can be used to describe them. A system can be said to consist of four things. The first is objects – the parts, elements, or variables within the system. These may be physical or abstract or both, depending on the nature of the system. Second, a system consists of attributes – the qualities or properties of the system and its objects. Third, a system had internal relationships among its objects. Fourth, systems exist in an environment. A system, then, is a set of things that affect one another within an environment and form a larger pattern that is different from any of the parts. The fundamental systems-interactive paradigm of organizational analysis features the continual stages of input, throughput (processing), and output, which demonstrate the concept of openness/closeness. A closed system does not interact with its environment. It does not take in information and therefore is likely to atrophy, that is to vanish. An open system receives information, which it uses to interact dynamically with its environment. Openness increases its likelihood to survive and prosper. Several system characteristics are: wholeness and interdependence (the whole is more than the sum of all parts), correlations, perceiving causes, chain of influence, hierarchy, suprasystems and subsystems, self-regulation and control, goal-oriented, interchange with the environment, inputs/outputs, the need for balance/homeostasis (feedback), noise analyse and evaluation, change and adaptability (morphogenesis) and equi-finality: there are various ways to achieve goals. Communication in this perspective can be seen as an integrated process – not as an isolated event (Bertalanffy von, 1968).
Paradigm of Propaganda
Authors: Iorgulescu Alexandra
Published: May 2015

In this analysis of the paradigm of propaganda, we have dealt with only a few of the most relevant characteristics of what we consider to be a “historical experience”, a fact the evolution of which has been the subject of many researches we took into account. There are of course, many other important consequences of the phenomenon itself which it will be dealt with in detail during our informative research.
The Best Poem in Vahshi Bafghi's Point of View is Not the most False one
Authors: Kamaladdini Seied Mohammad Bagher
Published: May 2015

Knowing about poem particulars of Kamal Addin Vahshi Bafghi and his thoughts needs further investigation and research in universities. Vahshi's love, affection and frenzied is unique in the world. without doubt if he was not a real lover and love's fire was not in his heart, he couldn't have such an effective poems and his speech was not so painful and vexing. The secret of his Artillery and flaming speech just is inside his broken heart and his anguish. He mentioned about moralities like modesty in a very attractive way and high sensitiveness and used marvelous expressions, so it is in an exclusive and recent form. There for Vahshi's method is what one could forget the idea: the best poem in Vahshi's point of view is the most false one. His speech is sincere and candid, so listeners rely on it and finally his poem is extremely according to his feelings, thoughts and conscience since it comes from his soul, goes into one's heart! This article is an accurate study in Vahshi's poems specially his love poems and lyrics, was done by descriptive methods and the application of library resources.
Gender Dimensions of Informal Cross Border Trade in West-African Sub-Region (ECOWAS) Borders
Authors: Yusuff S. Olabisi
Published: May 2015

The aim of this paper is to examine the dynamics of women in cross border trade along ECOWAS sub region. West African region is noted significantly for high volume of trade that goes on within its borders on daily basis, and it involves formal and informal trade. Informal trade however, is an integral, but unrecognized component of ECOWAS economic activities. Over sixty percent of women are into informal trading across ECOWAS sub region, yet, there is gap in literature on the dynamics of these regional women traders across sub- ECOWAS region. Using qualitative method of data collection, a significant number of women traders in informal cross border in sub ECOWAS region were interviewed on their motivations, trade operations, challenges, and coping strategies. The findings reveal that there are several insecurities posed by informalities of women trading practices. These insecurities are associated with activities of law- enforcement agents and touts coupled with the facts that women traders are not knowledgeable about the procedures that guide international trade. Despite several challenges posed by informal cross border trade, women traders had devised coping strategies to negotiate these challenges. Majority of women utilized income generated to support themselves, their spouses and children and above all, it had enabled them to live above poverty level, which is one of millennium goals. The paper recommends that informal economic activities of women in cross border trade needs to recognized for holistic policy to be formulated and, women need vigorous education on the law that guide the rules and procedures of regional trade.
Communication Concepts vs. Sciences Concepts
Authors: Gîfu Daniela , Teodorescu Mirela
Published: May 2015

The scientists as Bateson, Watzlawick expresses the determining role of interaction in the axiom of the “impossibility of not communicating”. All behavior (verbal and nonverbal) occurring between persons who are conscious of each other's presence has behavioural effects, whether intended or not. Such effects have interpersonal message value, and thus are communicative in nature. Since it is impossible for humans not to behave in one way or another, it follows that in interaction it is impossible not to communicate (Bateson, 1963; Watzlawick et al., 1967). Communication theory is relatively new as science and interacts with the other disciplines of sciences. During its development some of the notions were used that were already committed and comprehensive. This article aims to present some of them. Terms as system, input, output, feedback, entropy specific to scientific disciplines as systems theory, cybernetics, information theory, physics, are especially used in communication theory.
Ranking of Mutual Funds in Tehran Stock Exchange
Authors: Pashaki Mohammadbagher Mohammadinejad , Tehrani Reza , Zarea Hamid , Khanifar Hossein , Jandaghi Gholamreza
Published: May 2015

Performance evaluation is one the most important point in investment, therefore, in this research we tried to compute and compare the performance of mutual funds by different models and compare them to market. In this research, 14 active mutual funds during the year 2008 to 2012 has been chosen to calculate the risks and returns of these mutual funds and rank them. Results show that performance evaluation of modern and postmodern theory gives different ranking.
Characteristics of Pathogens which Might Be Used in an Bioterrorism Attack
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr
Published: May 2015

Bioterrorism is a complex and dynamic phenomenon, occurring in various forms. It is difficult now to define a uniform definition of terrorism that is changing under the influence of the development of civilization, and especially the rapid progress in scientific and technical knowledge. The terrorists perfectly use the latest achievements of biological sciences in their terrorist attacks. The purpose of this article is to bring the phenomenon of bioterrorism.
Methodological Problems of Research the Penitentiary Institution in the Context of the Public Trust
Authors: Borowski Andrzej
Published: May 2015

The article treat about functioning of penitentiary institutions in the context of the paradigm of total institutions, the author is analysing current methodological arrangements in examining the penitentiary institutions /P. Moczydłowski, M. Ciosek. H. Machel, M. Kamiński/. Next he is presenting own methodological proposals concerning research penitentiary institutions
Toni Morrison's Beloved and the Bluest Eye: A Cultural Materialistic Approach
Authors: Aghakhani Shahrezaee Mina , Jannessari Ladani Zahra
Published: May 2015

This article aims to investigate two novels of Toni Morrison, Beloved and The Bluest Eye, by a cultural materialistic approach. Cultural materialists emphasize on the cultural aspects and elements of literary texts. They study issues such as race, gender, sexuality, social class, and slavery. In other words, they put under investigation the marginalized people of society, like black people, females, and slaves. In this regard, Toni Morrison is a great writer whose writings are replete with cultural issues. As most of the main characters of Toni Morrison's novels are black people, so it can be concluded that for her, marginalized people of society and minorities especially females, are at center. Therefore, in this paper, it is aimed to emphasize on cultural elements of Morrison's novels, Beloved and The Bluest Eye, and determine what stance she takes toward such minorities.
The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on Business Intelligence of Management Students of Islamic Azad University of Elam
Authors: Fathi Roghaieh
Published: May 2015

This study was performed with the goal of determination of effect and relationship between business intelligence and entrepreneurship education and response to this question that entrepreneurship education can be effective on Business intelligence of student? Considered Population sample is that samples matched through matching by gender in two 28 people groups, in each group (14 boys and 14 girls) simple randomly method. The study is performed based on comparison-scientific method. The results of study show that entrepreneurship educations have positive and meaningful effect on business intelligence of students who participated in entrepreneurship educations classes. And also results show that the amount of observed beta in entrepreneurship dimensions for locus of control variables, Mental health, Pragmatic, dreaming, Challenging, entrepreneurship in order are .235, 279, 335, 231, 293, 317 that each six numbers are in the 0.01 meaningful level. It means that every six variables meaningfully have the Predictive power of business intelligence of students in both female and male gender.
From Conflict to Peace Building and Post Conflict Reconstruction: A Critical Reflection on the Nigeria Niger Delta Amnesty
Authors: Mohammed Suleiman B. , Jackson Onome Robinson , Aliyu Isiaka Hassan
Published: May 2015

Many decades of exploration and exploitation of petroleum resources have adversely affected the host communities in the Niger Delta. Environmental degradation, loss of means of livelihood, unemployment, poverty, loss of lives and general underdevelopment characterized the region. These formidable odds that threaten the survival of the Niger Delta people triggered off various shades of interminable violent agitations by militants that involved hostage taking and attacks on oil installations. These agitations, no doubt, reduced crude oil production and had adverse effect onthe national economy. This prompted the Nigerian state to intermittently launch attacks on the militants. In spite of the bombardments by the military Joint Task Force, the militants remain resolute in their agitations. Disturbed by the security and economic challenges, the Nigerian state came out with the amnesty initiative. The initiative was designed for the militants to surrender their arms, renounce militancy and also create a favourable atmosphere for the sustainable development of the region. This paper is geared towards examining theoretically, the efficacy of the amnesty initiative in finding solution to the general problem of underdevelopment in the Niger Delta. Situating the discourse within economic integration framework, the paper argues succinctly that the amnesty initiative is intentionally designed to deceitfully disarm the militants and create an enabling environment for the multinational oil companies to operate unhindered while ignoring the burning issues of underdevelopment that triggered the violent agitations in the first place. In order to avert a relapse into militancy, the Nigerian state must develop a credible rehabilitation package for the ex-militants and a holistic framework that can adequately address the problem of underdevelopment in the Niger Delta.
Entrepreneurship and Industry Growth
Authors: Mehrara Mohsen , Rezaei Abbas Ali
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we investigate the relation between entrepreneurship and Growth of Value Added in Industrial Sector. For this purpose, we investigated the data related to sistan and Baluchestan Province in the period of 2000 to 2010 by using endogenous growth model. In this model, we set Growth of Value Added in Industrial Sector as a function of entrepreneurship, physical capital and labor based on Cobb-Douglas Form. Estimated elasticity of Growth of Value Added included 0.60, 0.38, and 0.92 as compared to entrepreneurship, physical capital and labor, respectively. They all have high statistical significances. The results indicate positive effect of entrepreneurship and innovation on the Growth of Value Added. In other words, increase of entrepreneurship and innovation coefficient will increase Value Added of Industrial Sector in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. The positive effect of physical capital and labor on the Growth of Value Added is another result of this study.
A Postcolonial Feminist Reading of Evelyn Waugh's A Handful of Dust, Black Mischief and Scoop
Authors: Esmaeeli Sarah , Pirnajmuddin Hossein
Published: May 2015

Evelyn Waugh is commonly said to be a misogynist. However, his stance toward women was ambiguous. For, though he presents a male world in his fiction and his racialist tendencies, Eurocentricism and class consciousness almost always color his attitude toward women, he also provides the reader with some challenging roles for women. This is echoed in his depiction of the „sexed subaltern‟ who often belongs to categories such as Oriental, colonized, non-white and underclass women. The female subaltern, then, is arguably triply colonized, this time by the author. Working from a postcolonial feminist perspective, in the present article an attempt is made to portray the complicity of racism, sexism, colonialism, and even the first world Feminism in the discourse of Western Imperialism in making the colonized women more colonized. To serve this end, representations of Wauvian women in A Handful of Dust, Black Mischief and Scoop are explored to shed light on, firstly, Waugh‟s attempt to colonize all women literarily and secondly, his biased attitude toward the non-western women as alterity.
The Influence of Idealism on Curbing Schoolers’ Defiant Behaviours
Authors: Joseph Shinga Alphonsus
Published: May 2015

This study intends to examine defiant behaviours among schoolers at the three levels of education in Gombe metropolis, which has reached a critical point. To guide the study, the research takes a descriptive survey design. Three research questions focusing on the defiant behaviours among schoolers were formulated. Eight institutions were randomly selected and a total number of 146 respondents were also randomly sampled for the study. A structured questionnaire with 12-items was designed. Results revealed that these defiant behaviours has caused high rate of dropouts among schoolers and so affected their contribution in the task of the nation building. It is the position of the paper that idealism, which emphasizes self-awareness and self-knowledge, can be used to tackle the problem of defiant behaviours among schoolers.
Are Christian Arabs the New Israeli Jews? Reflections on the Educational Level of Arab Christians in Israel
Authors: David Hanna
Published: May 2015

In 1949, a year after the establishment of the state of Israel, Christian Arabs consisted of 2.9% of the population in the newly born Israel, and 21.25% of all Arabs living in it.1 In 2010 the rate of Christian Arabs decreased to just 1.8% 2 of the Israeli population, and only ~9.5% of all Arabs holding an Israeli ID3 (Statistics, Israel, 2012, Table 2.2). The tendency of decrease in the rate of Christians in Israel is clear when examining the rate of first grade children in comparison to that of the general population: In the 2010/11 school year Christian Arabs consisted only of about 1.6% of first grade students (Statistics, Israel, 2009, table 8.24) in comparison to their 1.8% rate in the population.
Qualitative Islamic Education as a Panacea for Resolving Leadership and Good Governance Crises in a Democratic Society
Authors: Sani Ibrahim Muhammad
Published: May 2015

It was consequent upon the conformity, implementation, adoption and application in to practice of Islamic education found in operation for the avoidance of moral decadence many people were made morally sound. This paper justifies that the validity, relevance and impact of Islamic Education to the political, economical, social and religious beliefs of the people of the present Nigeria, as an essential ingredient of life that cannot be left unstudied. Nigeria, today is in leadership and good Governance crises. Citizen no longer trust their leaders because of their (leaders), in ability to deliver effective Democracy for good governance. This situation has led not only verbal but also physical attack on the leaders. Neither the political office holders nor the, hitherto scared traditional rulers and ruled are afraid of even their own shadows. It is in view of this that the paper tries to explain how Islamic Education can help resolve leadership and good governance crises in Nigeria.
Medium of Instruction (L1 versus L2): Which is in Automobile Engineering?
Authors: Medugu Victor Dagala , Udin Amirmudin bin , Saman Mohammad Zameri bin
Published: May 2015

The main purpose of the study was to establish the effects of National language (L1) as supplement to English Language (L2) in teaching and learning Motor Vehicle Mechanics (MVM) Trade as a pre- requisite course for Automobile engineering training in Technical Colleges. This was because of the massive failures of students in the said subject compared to other related engineering courses. Four specific objectives were stated to guide the study. Four corresponding research questions and two hypotheses respectively were stated based on the objectives and were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The design of the study was Quasi experimental (None equivalent) design covering all Technical Colleges in the State that offers Motor Vehicle Mechanics (MVM) Trade. There was no sampling technique used. Twenty multiple choice objective questions were administered by the researcher and the research assistant after face and content validation. Test- Retest method was used to determine the reliability of the items. Data collected were analysed using mean, standard Deviation and t-test. The results showed that the students taught (MVM) Trade using L1 as supplement performed significantly better and had positive attitudes towards MVM trade than those taught using L2.
Financial Management for Sustainable Administration and Institution - Building
Authors: Todowede Babatunde Joel
Published: May 2015

This paper, entitled “Financial Management for Sustainable Administration and Institution-Building”, seeks to demonstrate the possible application of sound financial management techniques for the attainment of enduring employment relationships and sustainable university governance. It should be recognized that employment relationships in the university system could be very complex, involving often delicate diversities, several competing multilateral interests and decision processes. Consequently, positive university governance should leverage strategic financial management approaches for the effective and efficient utilization of financial resources that are available in meeting the demands of their founding objectives.
Is there a Relationship between Critical Thinking and Critical Reading of Literary Texts: A Case Study at Arak University (Iran)
Authors: Kohzadi Hamedreza , Aziz Mohammadi Fatemeh , Samadi Fatemeh
Published: May 2015

Examining the theme, plot, and characters of a literary work is a common practice for students of literature so that they can criticize literature. Unlike a non-critical reading which provides readers only with facts, a critical reading also entails depicting how a book or a source illustrates the subject matter. Through various reading procedures including interpretation, inference and examining ideologies embedded in texts, readers can develop critical thinking. This paper aims at examining whether or not there is a relationship between critical thinking and critical reading of literary texts in higher education. To meet the mentioned aim, 121 EFL learners from Arak University were invited to participate in this study. After administrating English proficiency test, total numbers of students were 98 male and female. Data analysis was done through employing ANOVA and T-test.
An Assessment of Human Capital Development in Nigeria through the Lens of Education
Authors: Iyoboyi Martins , Muftau Olarinde
Published: May 2015

The paper assesses human capital development in Nigeria through the lens of education. The study used education as proxy to capture human capital, while utilizing secondary sources of data. There is evidence that human capital development in Nigeria is inadequate and unable to galvanise the economy towards long-term stable growth. Emphasis should be placed on deliberately developing the country’s vast human resources, with particular reference to the country’s educational spectrum, if the goal of poverty alleviation, employment generation and wealth creation, all encapsulated in various policy documents over the years, are to be achieved.