bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenging the selection for consistency in the rank of endurance competitions
Authors: Cervantes Isabel , Bodin Loys , Valera Mercedes , Molina Antonio , Gutiérrez Juan Pablo
Published: April 2020

Background

Control of the environmental variability by genetic selection offers possibilities for new selection objectives for productive traits. This methodology aims at reducing heterogeneity in productive traits and has been applied to several traits and species for which animal homogeneity is profitable. In horse breeding programmes, rank in competitions is a common selection objective but has been challenging to model. In this study, the parameters of environmental variability for the rank of a horse were computed to analyse the capability of a horse to maintain the best ranking across competitions that consist of long-distance races in which the adapted physical condition of the horse is essential. The genetic component of the environmental variance for the rank in endurance competitions was evaluated, which resulted in proposing a new transformation of horse scores in competitions.

Results

Homogeneous and heterogeneous variance models were compared by assaying three random effects that affect both the rank and its variability, using endurance ride data consisting of 2863 records. The pedigree relationship matrix contained 5931 animals. The rank trait was transformed into a normalized variable to prevent false estimates of the genetic correlation by inappropriate artificial skewness. The models included the number of participants in the race, sex, and age as systematic effects. The rider, the rider-horse interaction, or an environmental permanent effect were tested as random effects, in addition to additive genetic and residual effects. The models were analysed using the GSEVM program. Estimates of heritability for rank ranged from 0.12 to 0.15. The heterogeneous variance model that fitted the rider was assessed as the best model based on the deviance information criterion. Estimates of genetic variance for rank variability ranged from 0.12 to 0.13. The genetic correlation between the rank and its environmental variability was low and did not differ from 0.

Conclusions

These results offer an opportunity to select animals for canalization by reducing the variability of race results and achieving the best positions, which could be a new selection objective by weighting estimated breeding values for rank and its variability in a selection index.
Heart rate n-variability (HRnV) and its application to risk stratification of chest pain patients in the emergency department
Authors: Liu Nan , Guo Dagang , Koh Zhi Xiong , Ho Andrew Fu Wah , Xie Feng , Tagami Takashi , Sakamoto Jeffrey Tadashi , Pek Pin Pin , Chakraborty Bibhas , Lim Swee Han , Tan Jack Wei Chieh , Ong Marcus Eng Hock
Published: April 2020

Background

Chest pain is one of the most common complaints among patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Causes of chest pain can be benign or life threatening, making accurate risk stratification a critical issue in the ED. In addition to the use of established clinical scores, prior studies have attempted to create predictive models with heart rate variability (HRV). In this study, we proposed heart rate n-variability (HRnV), an alternative representation of beat-to-beat variation in electrocardiogram (ECG), and investigated its association with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in ED patients with chest pain.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of data collected from the ED of a tertiary hospital in Singapore between September 2010 and July 2015. Patients > 20 years old who presented to the ED with chief complaint of chest pain were conveniently recruited. Five to six-minute single-lead ECGs, demographics, medical history, troponin, and other required variables were collected. We developed the HRnV-Calc software to calculate HRnV parameters. The primary outcome was 30-day MACE, which included all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction, and revascularization. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between individual risk factors and the outcome. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to compare the HRnV model (based on leave-one-out cross-validation) against other clinical scores in predicting 30-day MACE.

Results

A total of 795 patients were included in the analysis, of which 247 (31%) had MACE within 30 days. The MACE group was older, with a higher proportion being male patients. Twenty-one conventional HRV and 115 HRnV parameters were calculated. In univariable analysis, eleven HRV and 48 HRnV parameters were significantly associated with 30-day MACE. The multivariable stepwise logistic regression identified 16 predictors that were strongly associated with MACE outcome; these predictors consisted of one HRV, seven HRnV parameters, troponin, ST segment changes, and several other factors. The HRnV model outperformed several clinical scores in the ROC analysis.

Conclusions

The novel HRnV representation demonstrated its value of augmenting HRV and traditional risk factors in designing a robust risk stratification tool for patients with chest pain in the ED.
Assessing the quality of health research from an Indigenous perspective: the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander quality appraisal tool
Authors: Harfield Stephen , Pearson Odette , Morey Kim , Kite Elaine , Canuto Karla , Glover Karen , Gomersall Judith Streak , Carter Drew , Davy Carol , Aromataris Edoardo , Braunack-Mayer Annette
Published: April 2020

Background

The lack of attention to Indigenous epistemologies and, more broadly, Indigenous values in primary research, is mirrored in the standardised critical appraisal tools used to guide evidence-based practice and systematic reviews and meta-syntheses. These critical appraisal tools offer no guidance on how validity or contextual relevance should be assessed for Indigenous populations and cultural contexts. Failure to tailor the research questions, design, analysis, dissemination and knowledge translation to capture understandings that are specific to Indigenous peoples results in research of limited acceptability and benefit and potentially harms Indigenous peoples. A specific Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool is needed to address this gap.

Method

The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool (QAT) was developed using a modified Nominal Group and Delphi Techniques and the tool’s validity, reliability, and feasibility were assessed over three stages of independent piloting. National and international research guidelines were used as points of reference. Piloting of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander QAT with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous experts led to refinement of the tool.

Results

The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander QAT consists of 14 questions that assess the quality of health research from an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspective. The questions encompass setting appropriate research questions; community engagement and consultation; research leadership and governance; community protocols; intellectual and cultural property rights; the collection and management of research material; Indigenous research paradigms; a strength-based approach to research; the translation of findings into policy and practice; benefits to participants and communities involved; and capacity strengthening and two-way learning. Outcomes from the assessment of the tool’s validity, reliability, and feasibility were overall positive.

Conclusion

This is the first tool to appraise research quality from the perspective of Indigenous peoples. Through the uptake of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander QAT we hope to improve the quality and transparency of research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, with the potential for greater improvements in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and wellbeing.
Development and validation of the Rapid Positive Mental Health Instrument (R-PMHI) for measuring mental health outcomes in the population
Authors: Vaingankar Janhavi Ajit , Abdin Edimansyah , van Dam Robertus Martinus , Chong Siow Ann , Tan Linda Wei Lin , Sambasivam Rajeswari , Seow Esmond , Chua Boon Yiang , Wee Hwee Lin , Lim Wei Yen , Subramaniam Mythily
Published: April 2020

Background

The multidimensional Positive Mental Health Instrument (PMHI) has 47 items and six subscales. This study aimed to develop and validate a short unidimensional version of the PMHI among Singapore’s adult resident population.

Methods

Using pooled data from three earlier studies (n = 1050), PMHI items were reduced by Partial Credit Rasch Model (PCRM) runs in a random split-half sample, while psychometric properties of the resulting measure were tested through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), item response theory-graded response model and internal consistency reliability in the other half. Its reliability, construct and concurrent validity, agreement with the original scale, floor and ceiling effect, and scale estimates were further investigated in an external representative general population sample (n = 1925).

Results

The average age of the participants was around 41 years. Four PCRM re-runs for item selection resulted in a 6-item unidimensional Rapid PMHI (R-PMHI). CFA confirmed the unidimensional structure of the R-PMHI in the internal (RMSEA = 0.075, CFI = 0.985, TLI = 0.974) and external (RMSEA = 0.051, CFI = 0.992, TLI = 0.987) validation samples. In the external validation sample, the R-PMHI met concurrent validity criteria, showing high agreement with the 47-item version with intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.872 (95% CI: 0.861 to 0.882) and low floor and ceiling effects. Weight-adjusted mean (SE, 95% CI) R-PMHI score in the population was 4.86 (0.2, 4.82–4.90).

Conclusion

The unidimensional 6-item R-PMHI offers brevity over the original multidimensional measure while appropriately representing the positive mental health construct. Prospective studies are needed to assess its responsiveness and test-retest reliability.
The relationship between screen-based sedentary behaviors and symptoms of depression and anxiety in youth: a systematic review of moderating variables
Authors: Zink Jennifer , Belcher Britni R. , Imm Kellie , Leventhal Adam M.
Published: April 2020

Background

To elucidate the populations and conditions where screen-based sedentary behaviors (SB) and internalizing symptoms are coupled, this review synthesized the evidence for factors that may moderate the associations between screen-based SB, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms among youth.

Methods

Two independent researchers conducted a systematic literature search of the Medline, psycINFO, and Scopus electronic databases in late 2018 for observational studies assessing moderators of the association between screen-based SB and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Studies among children and adolescents were eligible if moderation was assessed by statistical test (interaction) or stratification; and a narrative synthesis of eligible studies was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Seventy empirical studies (46 cross-sectional, 19 longitudinal, and 5 both) of 13 different moderating variables of screen-based SB-internalizing symptom associations met the eligibility criteria. Of these, 40 studies were of depressive symptoms, 2 were of anxiety symptoms, and 28 studies assessed symptoms of both. The most consistent evidence of moderation was for screen-type, such that TV viewing was not as strongly associated with internalizing symptoms compared to other forms of screen-based SB. There was also inconsistent evidence for physical activity buffering screen-based SB-internalizing symptom associations and for female sex amplifying screen-based SB-internalizing symptom associations. In general, the body of evidence for anxiety symptoms was more limited than that for depressive symptoms, and were therefore more inconsistent.

Conclusions

Screen-type, physical activity, and sex may influence the magnitude of screen-based SB-internalizing symptom coupling; highlighting potential sources of heterogeneity of screen-based SB-internalizing symptom associations. Additional studies aimed at understanding potential mechanistic explanations for the above moderators are needed prior to the development of tailored intervention strategies designed to decouple screen-based SB and internalizing symptoms among youth.
Number of natural teeth, denture use and mortality in Chinese elderly: a population-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Yuan Jin-Qiu , Lv Yue-Bin , Kraus Virginia Byers , Gao Xiang , Yin Zhao-Xue , Chen Hua-Shuai , Luo Jie-Si , Zeng Yi , Mao Chen , Shi Xiao-Ming
Published: April 2020

Background

The associations between the number of natural teeth/denture use and all-cause mortality remain unclear due to lake of investigation for the potential interaction between tooth loss and denture use and for the potential changes in these exposures over time in older adults. We undertake this study to evaluate the associations of the number of natural teeth and/or denture use with mortality in Chinese elderly.

Methods

This is a prospective cohort study of 36,283 older adults (median age: 90). The number of natural teeth and denture use were collected with structured questionnaire. We evaluated hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for demographic factors, education, income, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities.

Results

We documented 25,857 deaths during 145,947 person-years of observation. Compared to those with 20+ teeth, tooth loss was associated with a gradual increase in mortality, with an adjusted HR of 1.14 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.23) for those with 10–19 teeth, 1.23 (95% CI, 1.15 to 1.31) for those with 1–9 teeth, and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.26 to 1.44) for those without natural teeth. Denture use was associated with lower risk of mortality (adjusted HR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.84). Subgroup analyses indicated that the benefit of denture use was greater in men than in women (P = 0.02) and tended to decrease with age (P < 0.001). The effects of denture use did not differ among various degrees of tooth loss (P = 0.17).

Conclusions

Tooth loss was associated with an increased risk of mortality in older adults. Denture use provided a protective effect against death for all degrees of tooth loss however, this effect appeared to be modified by sex and age.
Molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of volatile components of Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb) Turcz based on network pharmacology
Authors: Huang Xulong , Gao Yuan , Xu Feng , Fan Dongsheng , Liang Yuqing , Wang Xiangpei , Wu Hongmei
Published: April 2020

Background

Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb) Turcz (LFT) is a well-known expectorant and active anti-inflammatory agent in Chinese traditional medicine. LFT’s expectorant effect is closely related to its anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the differential composition and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the volatile components in LFT from different production areas.

Method

Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of volatile components, as well as chemometric methods, including similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and principal component analysis, were performed to identify LFT produced in different areas. The molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of these components was determined by network pharmacology analysis.

Results

We observed significant differences in the chemical constituents and percentage contents in samples with different origins. Eighteen volatile components were identified in four different producing areas, among which the highest content of olefinic components was the main component of the aroma of LFT. The mechanisms of these pharmacological effects involved multiple targets and pathways. Twenty-seven potential target proteins and 65 signaling pathways were screened, and a “component-target-disease” interaction network map was constructed. The volatile components of the LFT function mainly by inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors.

Conclusion

This study provides a theoretical framework for further development and application of LFT used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Graphical abstract
Does the combination of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and static magnetic fields (sMF) potentiate the effects of aerobic endurance training and decrease the loss of performance during detraining? A randomised, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: de Paiva Paulo Roberto Vicente , Casalechi Heliodora Leão , Tomazoni Shaiane Silva , Machado Caroline dos Santos Monteiro , Ribeiro Neide Firmo , Pereira Amanda Lima , de Oliveira Marcelo Ferreira Duarte , Alves Marjury Nunes da Silva , dos Santos Maiara Conceição , Takara Inti Ernesto Torrico , Miranda Eduardo Foschini , de Carvalho Paulo de Tarso Camillo , Leal-Junior Ernesto Cesar Pinto
Published: April 2020

Background

Photobiomodulation (PBMT) is a therapy that uses non-ionising forms of light, including low-level lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that may be capable of modulating cellular activity. Some biological processes may also interact with static magnetic fields (sMF), leading to modulatory effects on cells. Previous studies have verified that the combination of PBMT and sMF (PBMT/sMF) enhances the performance of individuals during aerobic training programs. The detraining period can cause losses in aerobic capacity. However, there is no evidence of the existence of any recourse that can decrease the effects of detraining. We aimed to investigate the effects of PBMT/sMF application during training and detraining to assess the effectiveness of this treatment in reducing the effects of detraining.

Methods

Sixty male volunteers were randomly allocated into four groups— participants who received PBMT/sMF during the training and detraining (PBMT/sMF + PBMT/sMF); participants who received PBMT/sMF during the training and a placebo in the detraining (PBMT/sMF + Placebo); participants who received a placebo during the training and PBMT/sMF in the detraining (Placebo+PBMT/sMF); and participants who received a placebo during the training and detraining (Placebo+Placebo). Participants performed treadmill training over 12 weeks (3 sessions/week), followed by 4 weeks of detraining. PBMT/sMF was applied using a 12-diode emitter (four 905 nm super-pulsed lasers, four 875 nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs), four 640 nm LEDs, and a 35 mT magnetic field) at 17 sites on each lower limb (dosage: 30 J per site). The data were analysed by two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA, time vs experimental group) with post-hoc Bonferroni correction.

Results

The percentage of change in time until exhaustion and in maximum oxygen consumption was higher in the PBMT/sMF + PBMT/sMF group than in the Placebo+Placebo group at all time-points (p < 0.05). Moreover, the percentage of decrease in body fat at the 16th week was higher in the PBMT/sMF + PBMT/sMF group than in the Placebo+Placebo group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

PBMT/sMF can potentiate the effects of aerobic endurance training and decrease performance loss after a 4-week detraining period. Thus, it may prove to be an important tool for both amateur and high-performance athletes as well as people undergoing rehabilitation.

Trial registration

NCT03879226. Trial registered on 18 March 2019.
HIV patients dying on anti-tuberculosis treatment: are undiagnosed infections still a problem in French Guiana?
Authors: Nacher Mathieu , Adenis Antoine , Abboud Philippe , Djossou Felix , Demar Magalie , Epelboin Loïc , Couppié Pierre
Published: April 2020

Objective

Despite scaling-up testing and antiretroviral treatment in Latin America, advanced HIV remains a significant public health problem. The objective of the present study was look for historical risk factors for death in French Guiana’s HIV cohort taking into account the immunological status, the main opportunistic infections, and their treatment. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on data collected between 1992 and 2008 to identify factors associated with death in a cohort 2323 patients.

Results

There were 370 deaths for a total 9608 patient-years. Being on tuberculosis treatment was associated with a greater hazard of death. The diagnosis of confirmed tuberculosis, of histoplasmosis, of toxoplasmosis, and pneumocystosis were independently associated with death. Interactions terms between cotrimoxazole treatment and pneumocystosis, or between confirmed tuberculosis and tuberculosis treatment showed a protective treatment-effect. All patients having received anti-tuberculosis treatment (n = 347) did not have a final diagnosis of tuberculosis (n = 93). For histoplasmosis, 199 patients received antifungal treatment while 141 were diagnosed as having histoplasmosis. The number of patients on anti-tuberculosis drugs was far greater that the number of patients with confirmed tuberculosis, and these patients on treatment without confirmed tuberculosis had a twofold greater risk of dying.
Ethnopharmacological evaluation of schistosomicidal and cercaricidal activities of some selected medicinal plants from Ghana
Authors: Acheampong Desmond Omane , Owusu-Adzorah Ninette , Armah Francis Ackah , Aninagyei Enoch , Asiamah Ernest Amponsah , Thomford Ama Kyeraa , Anyan William Kofi
Published: April 2020

Background

The adulticidal and cercaricidal activities of five Ghanaian medicinal plants, namely, Phyllanthus amarus, Vernonia amygdalina, Azadirachta indica, Morinda lucida and Nauclea latifolia against S. mansoni were evaluated in this study. Six weeks old ICR mice (n = 25) were percutaneously infected with S. mansoni cercariae. Nine weeks later, infected mice (n = 5) were anaesthetised and perfused for adult S. mansoni. Cercariae were treated with different concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25 μg/mL) of methanolic extracts of the experimenting plants in triplicates. Adult S. mansoni incopula were also treated with same concentrations of each extract or 20 μg/mL praziquantel. The cercariae and adult worms were observed at time intervals for 180 min and 120 h to assess mortality and viability respectively. Additionally, 9-week cercariae-infected mice (4 groups of 5 mice) were treated with either 500 mg/kg po A. indica or V. amygdalina, 400 mg/kg po praziquantel or distilled water for 14 days. The mice were euthanized after adult worms were recovered from them. The liver was processed and histologically examined for granuloma formations.

Results

All the plants exhibited varying cercaricidal and adulticidal activities against S. mansoni in a time and concentration-dependent manner. A. indica (3 h IC50 = 27.62 μg/mL) and V. amygdalina (3 h IC50 = 35.84 μg/mL) exerted the highest cercaricidal activity. Worm recovery after treatment with V. amygdalina, A. indica and praziquantel in vivo was 48.8%, 85.1 % and 59.9 % respectively (p < 0.05). A. indica and V. amydalina-treated mice recorded lesser mean liver and spleen weights compared to untreated groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

A. indica demonstrated the highest cercaricidal and alduticidal activities in vitro, whereas V. amygdalina exhibited the most potent aldulticidal activity in vivo. This study could provide baseline information which can be used to develop plant-based alternative commercial drugs against S. mansoni.
Maltodextrin from Cassava Starch (Manihot Utilissima) and Its Application as Encapsulating Agent of Red Guava Juice Extract (Psidium Guajava)
Authors: Krisnitya Widya , Darmadji Purnama , Pranoto Yudi
Published: April 2020

Cassava starch is one of the processed products of cassava, which can be made into maltodextrin. Maltodextrin is often applied to the encapsulation method of instant drink packaging in Indonesia. One of the most favorite fruits in the instant drink industry is red guava. The research objectives are to know the characteristic of maltodextrin made by hydrolysis of cassava starch, and to identify the effects of the amount of maltodextrin added to the characteristic of red guava extract produced. In the research, the hydrolysis time of cassava starch is varied into 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Maltodextrin made will be analyzed, and its characteristics on the encapsulation of red guava extract will be defined. The red guava juice is encapsulated by the variants of maltodextrin concentration as 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. Red guava extract powder produced from the selected amount of maltodextrin then be analyzed for its characteristics. The results showed that the highest DE was found in maltodextrin with 120 minutes hydrolysis time. The increased amount of maltodextrin added affects the increase of solubility and vitamin C levels of the produced red guava juice extract. The water content is not affected by the amount of maltodextrin added.
Bahrain: care in the island kingdom
Authors: Smyth Dion
Published: April 2020

Dion Smyth's review of palliative nursing on the internet
The Problems of Implementation of Statutory Provisions on the Place of Traineeship for Law Students
Authors: Kalashnik Natalya , Neimark Mariya
Published: April 2020

The article is concerned with the analysis of the provisions of the normative legal acts that determine the places of traineeship for students who study for a professional university degree. The content of the term "profile organization" has been analyzed for the proper implementation of statutory provisions concerning the place of traineeship. This seems relevant, since the analysis of legal application of these acts while arranging the training practice for law students indicates that there is no unified approach to understanding the term "profile organization". The article proves that in order to strengthen the practical slant of the education of students of law, we should consider as places for traineeship both organizations whose activities correspond to professional competencies acquired within the framework of the main professional  university programs, and organizations whose legal functions operate in accordance with the corresponding educational program. The right choice of a functional unit while taking a traineeship in a law school has a significant importance for building practical skills and competencies of future lawyers. When deciding on the choice of a functional unit of an educational organization as a place for traineeship, it is advisable to send students to units with environment that promotes meeting practical challenges of the reality. The authors propose an interpretation of the term "profile organization" in the context of problems identified in the application of the statutory provisions, as well as initiate a move to amend the Federal State Educational Standard for the graduate degree in 40.03.01 Jurisprudence (bachelor's degree).

Key words: graduate education, educational organizations, legal education, student traineeship, profile organizations.
Problems of Defining the Concept of «Change of Situation» in Art. 80.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Tydykova Nadezhda
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the concept of “change of situation” as the basis for release from punishment. The author adheres to the position of the need to use in the law only those concepts that are revealed through signs that are understandable to everyone. Article 80.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is examined as a norm that does not meet this criterion. The author claims that the content of this norm does not allow a clear idea of the content of the concept. As evidence, numerous examples from law enforcement practice are given, illustrating the inconsistancy of understanding the studied Institute of criminal law by investigative personnel and the judiciary. Each law enforcement officer, due to the lack of clear wording, is forced to interpret the norm independently, filling it with arbitrary content. This approach, of course, is unacceptable. Moreover, the interpretations often used are far from the main idea of the institution of release from punishment due to change in a situation and allow confusion or substitution of the term with other criminal law terms. In some cases, the courts consider it possible not to show specific circumstances at all, though they indicate a change in situation after the commission of the crime. Examples are given from practice where, instead of bringing arguments about change in situation, the law enforcement officer simply lists circumstances mitigating the punishment, names circumstances that should be taken into account when sentencing, names signs of active remorse or reconciliation with the victim. The author considers this state of affairs unacceptable and proposes, as alternative options for solving the problem, either introducing appropriate amendments to Article 80.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation to clarify the concept, or rejecting this institution of criminal law.
Bancroftian Filariasis Still Endemic in Some Foci in Sohag Governorate, Upper Egypt
Authors: Khalifa Refaat MA , Ahmed Amal M , Taha Mohamed AA , Ali Nasr Eldeen MM , Samea Haitham KA Abd El
Published: April 2020

Bancroftian filariasis (BF) is a debilitating disease that has plagued Egypt since the time of the pharaohs. Egypt is the first large endemic country in the world to reach the five-year mark in its national campaign. Now that the mass treatments are completed, a follow-up epidemiological assessment will reveal whether this large-scale, pioneering campaign has been successful in finally eliminating the disease. Hence the aim of the present work was to detect the prevalence of bancoftian filariasis in Tema, El-Maragha, Akhmeem and Girga districts in Sohag Governorate, Upper Egypt. Finger prick thick blood films were randomly collected from 500 clinically suspected individuals representing different sexes and ages suffering from lower limb non-pitting edema and/or inguinal lymphadenitis from May 2015 to February 2017. Three patients (0.6%) were infected with microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti while one chronic case was detected with severe chronic elephantiasis that was amicrofilaraemic but was confirmed serologically. Results were discussed in regards of age, gender, occupation, locality and residence. It was concluded that bancroftian filariasis is still endemic in three districts (Tema, El- maragha and Girga). Although in sporadic few cases, the problem should be taken seriously as one microfilaramic patient could be a patent reservoir for spreading of the disease through infecting the prevailing Culex pipiense mosquito intermediate host.
Perilaku Aisatsu Masyarakat Jepang (Studi Kasus di Kalangan Mahasiswa Jepang)
Authors: Asrini Dwi Puji
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian diskriptif kualitatif untuk mengetahui perilaku aisatsu yang dilakukan mahasiswa Jepang serta variasi yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Jepang saat melekukan aisatsu. Objek dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa dari beberapa wilayah di Jepang yang mengikuti program koryukai yang diselenggarakan oleh The Japan Foundation di Osaka. Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan dengan metode wawancara, untuk mendapatkan gambaran perilaku aisatsu di kalangan mahasiswa Jepang. Hasil wawancara dianalisis guna mendapatkan gambaran perilaku aisatsu di kalangan mahasiswa Jepang. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa aisatsu dilakukan oleh mahasiswa Jepang terhadap orang yang mereka temui seperti teman, dosen, keluarga dosen, rekan kerja, bahkan terhadap orang yang tidak mereka kenal. Ragam aisatsu yang mereka lakukan terdiri dari:  aisatsu yang menunjukkan waktu, aisasu sebagai ucapan terimakasih, aisatsu sebagai wujud permintaan maaf, aisatsu saat berkenalan, aisatsu setelah melakukan pekerjaan sulit, aisatsu untuk pelanggan, salam saat berangkat atau mengantarkan seseorang pergi, aisatsu saat bertemu kembali, salam saat meminta waktu kepada seseorang, dan salam kepada seseorang yang sedang berbahagia. Dalam melakukan tindakan aisatsu, mahasiswa menggunakan variasi aisatsu yaitu terdiri dari, 1) kata-kata(言葉), 2) kata-kata+ ojigi(言葉 + お辞儀), 3)　ojigi(お辞儀), 4)　berjabat tangan(握手), 5) Berpelukan(ハグ（抱く）), 6)gesture+ kata-kata ( ジェスチャー + 言葉), 7)　gesture(ジェスチャー), 8) kontak mata(アイコンタックス), 9) ojigi+kata-kata(お辞儀 + 言葉).
Pembelajar Bahasa Jepang dan Budaya Literasi Abad 21
Authors: Setyaningsih Wahyu Handayani , Djafri Fatmawati
Published: April 2020

Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian mengenai budaya literasi di kalangan mahasiswa pembelajar Bahasa Jepang, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui budaya literasi di kalangan mahasiswa Bahasa Jepang, Sekolah Vokasi UGM; (2) mengetahui motivasi dalam aktivitas literasi mahasiswa; dan (3) sebagai studi pendahuluan untuk penelitian selanjutnya, yang diharapkan juga bermanfaat dalam merancang metode pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan model belajar mahasiswa. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, (1) budaya literasi di kalangan mahasiswa Bahasa Jepang terwujud dalam kegiatan eksploratif seperti mencari informasi yang diminati dan dibutuhkan, serta mencatat informasi yang dianggap perlu. Akan tetapi, aktivitas literasi ini sebagian besar masih dimotivasi oleh ada tidaknya tugas kuliah, serta adanya suatu peristiwa atau fenomena yang sedang menjadi topik perbincangan (trending topic) (75%). Aktivitas literasi yang didasari factor kebutuhan masih tergolong rendah, yaitu sebanyak 12% dari keseluruhan mahasiswa responden; (2) mahasiswa yang mengakses informasi setiap hari juga masih tergolong rendah, yaitu sebanyak 22%; dan (3) media social menjadi media yang paling sering diakses dalam melakukan aktivitas literasi, yaitu sebanyak 52,5%, dan 47,5% sisanya mengakses informasi melalui situs berita online.
Politics of Law on School Days Policy: Legal Reform on Indonesian Education Policy
Authors: Kristiana Maria Dita
Published: April 2020

The research is aimed to identify, analyze, and examine concerning to: (1) what is Permendikbud Law No. 23 of 2017 on the political politics of School Days? And (2) how is the implementation of Permendikbud Number 23 of 2017 concerning School Days in Semarang City? The method of this research is qualitative with the type of sociological juridical legal research. The research explored some information through interviews and observation in some schools in Semarang as well as Education Unit in Semarang Government. The research highlighted that the law politics of School Day in Semarang City included the substance of Permendikbud Number 23 of 2017, namely the strengthening of character education at the high school level, provisions on school days and hours, and implementation of school day provisions. The philosophical reasons for five days of schooling are come up from Pancasila values and the opening of the 1945 Constitution to strengthen character or character as the spirit of the national spirit. Juridical purposes for the five-day school policy are sourced from laws and regulations that every child has the right to education, the provision of learning that is democratic and fair and non-discriminatory, as well as the fulfillment of the obligation to total teaching hours for teachers as employees of the state civil apparatus. The research concluded that the implementation of Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 23 of 2017 concerning School Days by State High Schools in the City of Semarang is supported by four aspects of communication, disposition, human resources, and bureaucracy.
The Meaning of the Expansion of Administrative Court that Covers Factual Actions
Authors: Aji Fellista Ersyta
Published: April 2020

The Administrative Court and Law No. 5 of 1986 on State Administrative Justice have been provided facilities for the public to sue the government and ask to cancel the decision made by the government. Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration has been stipulated that Government Administration Act more or less supersedes the provisions contained in the Law of the State administrative justice. Especially in this Law which attracts attention is the expansion of object disputes state Administration. The object of the state Administration dispute in this Act is different from its elements to the Law of the State administrative justice. One of these is a written stipulation that includes factual action. There is no explanation for the meaning of factual acts in this Administrative Administration Act. Therefore, further research is needed in this regard. This study aims to find out and understand the meaning of factual actions in Article 87 letter (a) of Law Number 30 of 2014. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of research Normative Juridical. Data collection techniques are Library study is to collect data conducted by reading, quoting, recording and understanding various literature that have to do with research material. The object of the state Administration disputed in Law Number 5 of 1986 and its amendment has expanded on Law Number 30 Year 2014 on Government Administration. When the object of the dispute expands, it will affect the decision taken by the legal practitioner in this case is the state Administration judge.
The Implementation of The Neuro Fuzzy Method Using Information Gain for Improving Accuracy in Determination of Landslide Prone Areas
Authors: Astuti Winda Try , Muslim Much Aziz , Sugiharti Endang
Published: April 2020

The accuracy of information is increasing rapidly as technological development. For the example, the information in determination of disaster severity. The disasters that can be determined is landslide. This determination can be conducted using the fuzzy method. One of method is neuro fuzzy. Neuro fuzzy is a combined method of two systems, fuzzy logic and artificial neural network. The accuracy of neuro fuzzy method can be increased by applying the information gain. The purpose of this study is to implement and to know the accuracy of the implementation of information gain as the selection of landslide data features. It conducted to the neuro fuzzy method in determining landslide prone areas. The distribution of training data and testing data was using 20 k-fold cross validation. The implementation of the neuro fuzzy method on landslide data was obtained an accuracy of 81.9231%. In the implementation of the neuro fuzzy method with information gain was conducted in classification process. The process will stop when the accuracy has decreased. The highest accuracy result was obtained of 88.489% by removing an attribute. So, it can be concluded the accuracy increase of 6.5659% in the implementation of the neuro fuzzy method and information gain in determination of landslide prone areas.
Optimization Neuro Fuzzy Using Genetic Algorithm For Diagnose Typhoid Fever
Authors: Fata Muhamad Nasrul , Arifudin Riza , Prasetiyo Budi
Published: April 2020

Neuro Fuzzy is one method in the field of information technology used in diagnosing an disease. The application of Neuro Fuzzy is to identify disease. Genetic algorithms can be used to find solutions without paying attention to the subject matter specifically, one of which is an optimization problem. Typhoid or typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica bacteria, especially its derivatives. The diagnosis of typhoid fever is not an easy thing to do. This is because some of the indications experienced by patients also appear in other diseases. The number of patients with typhoid fever that requires accuracy in diagnosing typhoid fever based on indications caused. Based on this background this study aims to assist in the diagnosis of typhoid fever with 11 indication variables. This study uses medical record data for typhoid fever in 2017 Tidar Magelang Hospital. The method used is Neuro Fuzzy which optimizes the value of the degree of membership with genetic Algorithms. Then the value of the degree of neuro fuzzy membership is more optimal. The results of this optimization are the diagnosis of typhoid fever based on the variable of indications entered. From the research results obtained from the neuro fuzzy method get an 80% accuracy value and neuro fuzzy optimization results with genetic algorithms with a value of pc 0.5, pm 0.2 and max generation 25 the value of accuracy increases to 90%. Suggestions from this study, need to add more specific indication variables.
Dataset Characteristics Identification for Federated SPARQL Query
Authors: Rakhmawati Nur Aini , Fadzilah Lutfi Nur
Published: April 2020

Nowadays, the amount of data published in the RDF format is increasing. Federated SPARQL query engines that can query from multiple distributed SPARQL endpoints have been developed recently. A federated query engine usually has different performance compared to the others. One of the factors that affect the performance of the query engine is the characteristic of the accessed RDF dataset, such as the number of triples, the number of classes, the number of properties, the number of subjects, the number of entities, the number of objects, and the spreading factor of a dataset. The aim of this work is to identify the characteristic of RDF dataset and create a query set for evaluating a federated engine.  The study was conducted by identifying 16 datasets that used by ten research papers in Linked Data area.
Mobile Note Application for Bendesa Adat at Bali
Authors: Sudana Oka , Mahardika Oka , Dharmaadi I Putu Arya
Published: April 2020

Bendesa Adat is the head of village whose job is to coordinate customary matters in the village he leads, for example, the piodalan ceremony and also the dewasa ayu, especially the dewasa ayu pengabenan of the village. Dewasa ayu is a great day in doing an activity that is believed by the people in Bali. Determination of dewasa ayu and also piodalan has the calculations in accordance with the Balinese Calendar such as calculation of wuku, sasih and also pengalantaka that is in the Balinese Calendar. Not everyone understands how to look for dewasa ayu and piodalan that will occur in the village. Bendesa Adat Notes Based on Android are made to make people know about piodalan and dewasa ayu and holidays in Bali. This application consists of three main informations, there are ceremony day information, dewasa ayu information and also piodalan information that has been tried out to the public and from the results of the trial 32% of the community said they were very satisfied, 54% said they were satisfied and 14% said enough satisfied.
Propaganda, Promoção de Vendas e Atitude: um Estudo Quantitativo sobre suas Relações
Authors: Aguiar Fernando Henrique Oliveira de , Barrichello Alcides , Morano Rogério Scabim , Sperandio Caio César Biase , Rio Jéssica Parente Parra de , Heying Tarcilla Maiani De Almeida Souza , Zominhan Thales
Published: April 2020

Atualmente a propaganda e a promoção de vendas têm assumindo um papel significativo nas empresas para a sustentação dos patamares de negócios desejados. Infelizmente, dependendo de como são feitas, elas podem originar um efeito ricochete pela criação ou incremento do ceticismo dos consumidores fazendo com que eles se afastem. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre ceticismo à propaganda, ceticismo à promoção de vendas e atitude em relação ao produto no segmento de telefonia celular. Adicionalmente foi pesquisada a ação moderadora de algumas variáveis sobre essas relações, variáveis essas não comumente pesquisadas. Para lograr tal intento foram adaptados questionários existentes na literatura e aplicados a estudantes de graduação de universidades no estado de São Paulo. As análises foram feitas com o uso de modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados obtidos indicaram efeito negativo e significante do ceticismo à propaganda sobre atitude em relação ao produto e efeito positivo e significante do ceticismo à propaganda sobre ceticismo à promoção de vendas. Sexo, idade e origem dos respondentes não apresentaram diferenças quando da análise multigrupo realizada. Já o ano cursado, o tipo de escola, a área de formação e o tempo de troca dos aparelhos mostraram efeito mediador sobre as relações estudadas.
Artefatos de Contabilidade Gerencial, Organização sem fins Lucrativos e Características Contingenciais
Authors: Godoy João Gabriel Vasconcellos , Raupp Fabiano Maury
Published: April 2020

O artigo apresenta os resultados do estudo que teve por objetivo analisar o uso de artefatos de contabilidade gerencial em uma organização sem fins lucrativos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, à luz de características contingenciais. A pesquisa é exploratória, realizada por meio de um estudo de caso, o Instituto Vilson Groh, uma associação de entidades sociais. A coleta de dados deu-se por meio de dados secundários, observação e entrevista. A partir da identificação do uso de artefatos de contabilidade gerencial no conteúdo da entrevista, seguiu-se à relação entre o uso destes artefatos e características contingenciais da organização. A análise da relação entre características contingenciais e a adoção e uso dos artefatos  culminou com a produção de conclusões acerca do caso estudado, as quais podem ser transformadas em questionamentos ou hipóteses para pesquisas futuras: atividades de avaliação subjetiva levam à adoção de artefatos de controle como medidas de desempenho; a adoção de artefatos de contabilidade gerencial por meio do isomorfismo normativo é potencializada pela centralização da estrutura organizacional; e o incentivo à capacitação dos colaboradores da organização potencializa a influência das comunidades de prática na adoção de artefatos pela organização.
Produção acadêmica acerca do uso de indicadores de desempenho para gestão hospitalar: Uma abordagem bibliométrica
Authors: Bastos Alisson De Moraes , Bonato Samuel Vinícius , De Gomes Débora Gomes
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho teve por objetivo apresentar uma caracterização da produção científica acerca de indicadores de desempenho em hospitais e organizações de cuidados à saúde, para tal, adotou-se métodos de revisão oriundos da abordagem bibliométrica. A revisão baseou-se em um processo de seleção de artigos, a critério do pesquisador, que levou em consideração a análise dos títulos, resumos e conteúdos de 1109 artigos que compunham o conjunto encontrado. Para atingir o objetivo proposto escolheu-se 31 artigos onde foram realizados quatro estudos, são eles: Produção, autoria e publicação, conteúdo, citações e referências utilizadas. Dentre os principais resultados encontrados destaca-se a nacionalidade dos autores, os autores mais utilizados para realização da fundamentação teórica na temática da pesquisa, os artigos de maior impacto acadêmico assim como revistas científicas de maior frequência e as metodologias mais utilizadas pelos pesquisadores.
Modos de Uso de Pesquisa-Ação em Dissertações e Teses em Administração no Brasil
Authors: Silveira Rogério Zanon da , Palassi Marcia Prezotti , Paula Ana Paula Paes de
Published: April 2020

Este artigo analisa os tipos de pesquisa-ação predominantes em dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutorado em Administração no Brasil. O referencial teórico provém de Thiollent (2011) que defende a pesquisa-ação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica realizada em 2018, em 42 dissertações e teses defendidas no período de 2011 a 2016 nos programas de pós-graduação em administração brasileiros. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo utilizando-se as categorias definidas por Tripp (2005): técnica; prática; política; socialmente crítica; e emancipatória. Os resultados revelam um forte predomínio da visão técnica e prática de pesquisa-ação e pouca utilização nos sentidos político e crítico-social, indo ao encontro da visão hegemônica funcionalista no campo da Administração. As contribuições do artigo são esclarecimentos sobre o uso da pesquisa-ação, bem como orientações para a exploração de novas tipologias.