bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations between chronic conditions, body functions, activity limitations and participation restrictions: a cross-sectional approach in Spanish non-clinical populations
Authors: Rodríguez-Blázquez Carmen , Damián Javier , Andrés-Prado María José , Almazán-Isla Javier , Alcalde-Cabero Enrique , Forjaz Maria João , Castellote Juan Manuel , González-Enríquez Jesús , Martínez-Martín Pablo , Comín Magdalena , de Pedro-Cuesta Jesús
Published: June 2016

Objectives

To analyse the relationships between chronic conditions, body functions, activity limitations and participation restrictions in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Setting

2 geographical areas in the Autonomous Region of Aragon, Spain, namely, a rural area, Cinco Villas, and an urban area in the city of Zaragoza.

Participants

864 individuals selected by simple random sampling from the register of Social Security card holders, aged 50 years and over, positive to disability screening.

Main outcome measures

ICF Checklist—body function domains, WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0, 36-item (WHODAS-36)) global scores and medical diagnoses (chronic conditions) from primary care records.

Results

Mild disability (WHODAS-36 level 5–24%) was present in 51.5% of the sample. In the adjusted ordinal regression model with WHODAS-36 as the dependent variable, disability was substantially associated with moderate-to-complete impairment in the following functions: mental, OR 212.8 (95% CI 72 to 628.9); neuromusculoskeletal, OR 44.8 (24.2 to 82.8); and sensory and pain, OR 6.3 (3.5 to 11.2). In the relationship between health conditions and body function impairments, the strongest links were seen for: dementia with mental functions, OR 50.6 (25.1 to 102.1); cerebrovascular disease with neuromusculoskeletal function, OR 5.8 (3.5 to 9.7); and chronic renal failure with sensory function and pain, OR 3.0 (1.49 to 6.4). Dementia, OR 8.1 (4.4 to 14.7) and cerebrovascular disease, OR 4.1 (2.7 to 6.4) were associated with WHODAS-36 scores.

Conclusions

Body functions are heterogeneously linked to limitations in activities and restrictions on participation, with the highest impact being due to mental and musculoskeletal functions. This may be relevant for disability assessment and intervention design, particularly if defined on a body function basis. Control of specific health conditions, such as dementia and cerebrovascular disease, appears to be paramount in reducing disability among persons aged 50 years and over.
Characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis and its association with major comorbid conditions: cross-sectional study of 502 649 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Siebert Stefan , Lyall Donald M , Mackay Daniel F , Porter Duncan , McInnes Iain B , Sattar Naveed , Pell Jill P
Published: June 2016

Introduction

To characterise the detailed phenotypic and comorbid characteristics of participants with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the large population-based UK Biobank, thereby enabling future longitudinal analyses.

Methods

We undertook a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the unique UK Biobank resource (n=502 649). RA was based on self-report, and type of medication was used as a proxy measure of valid diagnosis. Participants with and without RA were compared in terms of sociodemographic, lifestyle and other disease-related risk factors. Logistic regression models were used to determine whether participants with RA were more likely to report comorbid conditions, and whether this varied by RA severity. The models were adjusted for potential confounders and lifestyle risk factors.

Results

At baseline, 5657 (1.13%) eligible UK Biobank participants reported RA of whom 2849 (0.57%) had medically treated RA (median duration=10 years). Prevalence was significantly higher among female, South Asian and socioeconomically deprived participants. Participants with RA were significantly more likely to report diabetes (covariate-adjusted OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.32, p<0.01), hypertension (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.27, p<0.001) and cardiovascular disease (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.67, p<0.001).

Conclusions

UK Biobank provides extensive data concerning RA population-level comorbidity and risk factors. The frequency, distribution and characteristics of participants reporting RA in UK Biobank are largely consistent with other studies. It provides a unique opportunity to interrogate biomarkers, genetic data, detailed imaging and linkage to clinical records at the population level across primary and secondary care.
Selected growth parameters of farm-raised mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L.) ducklings
Authors: Murawska Daria , Hanzal Vladimir , Janiszewski Pawel , Lambert Barry D. , Gesek Michal , Zawacka Magdalena , Michalik Danuta , Borkowski Rafal
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to determine changes in selected growth parameters of farm-raised mallard ducklings from hatch to 42 d of age. The largest increases in body and carcass weights of ducklings and weights of the analyzed tissue components were noted during the first 28 d of the rearing period, except for breast and wing muscles. In comparison with other muscle groups, the growth rate of breast and wing muscles was lower from hatch to 14 d of age, greatest between 14 and 28 d, and remained high up to 42 d of age. The average body weight of mallard ducklings increased more than 16-fold (from 39.7 to 644.8 g, P ≤ 0.01), and the average carcass weight increased more than 26-fold (from 14.4 to 384.5 g, P ≤ 0.01). The growth rates of carcass and tissue components varied considerably. Wing weight increased 84.5-fold (from 0.80 to 67.6 g, P ≤ 0.01), followed by breast weight, which increased 48-fold (from 1.7 to 82.9 g, P ≤ 0.01). Slower growth rates were noted in the remaining carcass parts: back, 23-fold; neck, 19.2-fold; and legs, 17.1-fold (from 5.4 to 92.2 g, P ≤ 0.01).
14-3-3γaffects eIF5 to regulateβ-casein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Yu Cuiping , Luo Chaochao , Gu Xinyu , Zang Yanli , Qu Bo , Khudhair Nagam , Li Qingzhang , Gao Xuejun
Published: June 2016

The 14-3-3γ protein participates in many biological processes; however, its regulatory mechanism in milk protein synthesis is not well studied. We hypothesized that 14-3-3γ might affect eIF5 (an initiation factor) to regulate β-casein synthesis in dairy cows. In this study, a possible interaction between 14-3-3γ and eIF5 was investigated using bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). The expression levels of 14-3-3γ and eIF5 in the mammary gland tissues from cows producing higher quality milk were higher than those from cows producing low-quality milk. Moreover, the expression of 14-3-3γ, eIF5, and β-casein were increased at both mRNA and protein levels in BMECs cultured in vitro with methionine (Met) supplementation. Coimmunoprecipitation, colocalization, and FRET analysis further showed the evidences that 14-3-3γ physically bound to eIF5 in BMECs. Gene function studies revealed that 14-3-3γ positively regulated eIF5 through alteration of eIF2α/p-eIF2α ratio. Collectively, our data suggest that 14-3-3γ regulates β-casein translation in BMECs through interaction with eIF5.
PBW bases of q-Schur algebras
Authors: Gao Wenting
Published: June 2016

Doty and Giaquinto constructed a certain set denoted by [Formula: see text] in this paper, and conjectured that the set [Formula: see text] forms a [Formula: see text]-basis for the integral [Formula: see text]-Schur algebra [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we show that the set [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-basis of [Formula: see text]-Schur algebra [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text]. The set [Formula: see text] is a truncated form of PBW basis for quantum [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we give an example to show that the set [Formula: see text] is not [Formula: see text]-basis of [Formula: see text] in general.
A Sub Chunk-Confusion Based Privacy Protection Mechanism for Association Rules in Cloud Services
Authors: Shi Yuliang , Zhou Zhongmin , Cui Lizhen , Liu Shijun
Published: June 2016

In cloud computing services, according to the customized privacy protection policy by the tenant and the sub chunk-confusion based on privacy protection technology, we can partition the tenant’s data into many chunks and confuse the relationships among chunks, which makes the attacker cannot infer tenant’s information by simply combining attributes. But it still has security issues. For example, with the amount of data growing, there may be a few hidden association rules among some attributes of the data chunks. Through these rules, it is possible to get some of the privacy information of the tenant. To address this issue, the paper proposes a privacy protection mechanism based on chunk-confusion privacy protection technology for association rules. The mechanism can detect unidimensional and multidimensional attributes association rules, hide them by adding fake data, re-chunking and re-grouping, and then ensure the privacy of tenant’s data. In addition, this mechanism also provides evaluation formulas. They filter detected association rules, remove the invalid and improve system performance. They also evaluate the effect of privacy protection. The experimental evaluation proves that the mechanism proposed in this paper can better protect the data privacy of tenant and has feasibility and practicality in real world applications.
IMPACT OF CARTILAGE DAMAGE ON ARTHROGENIC MUSCLE INHIBITION IN PATIENTS WITH MENISCUS INJURIES
Authors: Karsten Keller , Martin Engelhardt
Published: June 2016

Background: Knee traumata are associated with arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI). We aimed to identify impact factors on AMI. Methods: A total of 37 patients with meniscus injuries were interviewed and examined for maximum isometric knee extensor force preoperatively. We analyzed AMI as relative maximum isometric force between healthy and injured legs. Regression analyses were computed to evaluate associations between an AMI with muscle-strength reduction [Formula: see text]% and several parameters and between cartilage damage[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]stadium 3 and several parameters. ROC curves were calculated to investigate effectiveness of age and pain at rest for prediction of cartilage lesions [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]stadium 3. Results: Meniscus injuries lead to distinct AMI with reduced strength of 26.6% in mean. In multi-variate logistic regressions, an AMI with muscle weakness [Formula: see text]% was associated with higher severity of cartilage lesions (OR3.267, 95% CI 1.059–10.078, [Formula: see text]). In uni-variate regression analyses, pain at rest (OR1.398, 95%CI 1.071–1.824, [Formula: see text]) and patients’ age (per year) (OR1.145, 95%CI 1.042–1.257, [Formula: see text]) were associated with cartilage damage[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]stadium 3. Optimal cut-off values for patients’ age and pain at rest to predict cartilage damage stadium[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] were 44.5 years and VAS-scale-value 4.5 with good effectiveness (AUC 0.855 and 0.732), respectively. Conclusions: Meniscus injuries lead to distinct AMI with 26.6% reduction in muscle strength. Concomitant cartilage damage is an important cofactor for development of distinct AMI. Moderate to severe pain at rest and age [Formula: see text] years were indicators for concomitant higher cartilage damage in patients with meniscal lesions.
The Role of Individual Cognition, Immersion, and Knowledge Essence in Individual Knowledge Development
Authors: Wu ChienHsing
Published: June 2016

The exploratory study presents the role of individual cognition and immersion in individual knowledge development. Mediation effect of knowledge essence on the role is also examined. Data from 296 valid subjects from elementary and junior high school teachers are analysed and reveal several findings. Knowledge essence alternates the effect of individual cognition on knowledge development. Consistent cognition is significantly associated with knowledge development in richness and metacognition in usefulness. Similarity in knowledge context mediates the effect of metacognition on knowledge development in usefulness, but alternates the effect of cognition consistency on richness. Knowledge explicitness mediates the effect of situational immersion on rich and useful knowledge development, but alternates the mediation effect of context similarity on useful knowledge development. Implications and suggestions are also addressed.
Hydrothermal dolomitization: simulation by reaction transport modelling
Authors: Consonni Alberto , Frixa Alfredo , Maragliulo Chiara
Published: June 2016

Reaction transport modelling (RTM) has been successfully used to simulate dolomitization and to predict the lateral extension of dolomitized bodies as potential hydrocarbon reservoirs in the subsurface as well as to give insights into the dolomitization process itself. Geological configurations that have been tested include reflux dolomitization, thermal convection and dolomitization in compactional burial settings. In this study the hydrothermal dolomitization model has been tested with a RTM approach where a limestone reservoir in an intermediate burial setting is fluxed in the presence of deep feeding faults. Hydrothermal fluids migrate upwards from the deep basin areas through extensional fault conduits reaching more permeable levels in the reservoir. The fluids enter the primary interparticle porosity and dolomitize the limestone creating moldic and vuggy porosity. The simulations demonstrate the importance of faulting in this dolomitization process. An effective control on dolomitization is thus exerted by the permeability distribution. Moreover, the type and reactivity of the fluids entering the limestone reservoir exert important controls on the extent of the dolomite bodies.
Optimal and Robust Mechanism Design with Interdependent Values
Authors: Roughgarden Tim , Talgam-Cohen Inbal
Published: June 2016

We study interdependent value settings and extend several results from the well-studied independent private values model to these settings. For revenue-optimal mechanism design, we give conditions under which Myerson's virtual value-based mechanism remains optimal with interdependent values. One of these conditions is robustness of the truthfulness and individual rationality guarantees, in the sense that they are required to hold ex-post. We then consider an even more robust class of mechanisms called “prior independent” (“detail free”), and show that, by simply using one of the bidders to set a reserve price, it is possible to extract near-optimal revenue in an interdependent values setting. This shows that a considerable level of robustness is achievable for interdependent values in single-parameter environments.
Accuracy and precision of quantitative31P-MRS measurements of human skeletal muscle mitochondrial function
Authors: Layec Gwenael , Gifford Jayson R. , Trinity Joel D. , Hart Corey R. , Garten Ryan S. , Park Song Y. , Le Fur Yann , Jeong Eun-Kee , Richardson Russell S.
Published: June 2016

Although theoretically sound, the accuracy and precision of31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) approaches to quantitatively estimate mitochondrial capacity are not well documented. Therefore, employing four differing models of respiratory control [linear, kinetic, and multipoint adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphorylation potential], this study sought to determine the accuracy and precision of31P-MRS assessments of peak mitochondrial adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) synthesis rate utilizing directly measured peak respiration (State 3) in permeabilized skeletal muscle fibers. In 23 subjects of different fitness levels,31P-MRS during a 24-s maximal isometric knee extension and high-resolution respirometry in muscle fibers from the vastus lateralis was performed. Although significantly correlated with State 3 respiration ( r = 0.72), both the linear (45 ± 13 mM/min) and phosphorylation potential (47 ± 16 mM/min) models grossly overestimated the calculated in vitro peak ATP synthesis rate ( P < 0.05). Of the ADP models, the kinetic model was well correlated with State 3 respiration ( r = 0.72, P < 0.05), but moderately overestimated ATP synthesis rate ( P < 0.05), while the multipoint model, although being somewhat less well correlated with State 3 respiration ( r = 0.55, P < 0.05), most accurately reflected peak ATP synthesis rate. Of note, the PCr recovery time constant (τ), a qualitative index of mitochondrial capacity, exhibited the strongest correlation with State 3 respiration ( r = 0.80, P < 0.05). Therefore, this study reveals that each of the31P-MRS data analyses, including PCr τ, exhibit precision in terms of mitochondrial capacity. As only the multipoint ADP model did not overstimate the peak skeletal muscle mitochondrial ATP synthesis, the multipoint ADP model is the only quantitative approach to exhibit both accuracy and precision.
Association between Perceived Built Environment and Prevalent Hypertension among South African Adults
Authors: Malambo Pasmore , Kengne Andre P. , Lambert Estelle V. , Villers Anniza De , Puoane Thandi
Published: June 2016

Introduction. The association between perceived built environmental attributes and hypertension among adults has received little attention in an African context. We investigated the association between the perceived built environment and prevalent hypertension in adult South Africans. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted using 2008-2009 Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology data among South African (n=671) adults aged ≥35 years. Perceived built environment was assessed using the neighborhood environment walkability scale questionnaire. Prevalent hypertension was defined as previously diagnosed by a physician, screen-detected hypertension as ≥140/90 mmHg, and a combination of both as any hypertension. Logistic regressions were applied for analyses. Results. In crude logistic regressions, self-reported hypertension was associated with land use mix-diversity, street connectivity, infrastructure for walking/cycling, aesthetics, traffic, and crime. In adjusted model, land use mix-diversity was significantly associated with self-reported hypertension. In similar multivariable models, the direction and magnitude of the effects were mostly similar to the outcomes of “screen-detected hypertension” which was further predicted by perceived lack of safety from traffic. Conclusion. Perceived built environment attributes were significantly associated with hypertension. This has relevance to population-based approaches to hypertension prevention and control.
Metformin Alleviated Aβ-Induced Apoptosis via the Suppression of JNK MAPK Signaling Pathway in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Chen Bin , Teng Ying , Zhang Xingguang , Lv Xiaofeng , Yin Yanling
Published: June 2016

Both diabetes and hyperinsulinemia are confirmed risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease. Some researchers proposed that antidiabetic drugs may be used as disease-modifying therapies, such as metformin and thiazolidinediones, although more evidence was poorly supported. The aim of the current study is to investigate the role of metformin in Aβ-induced cytotoxicity and explore the underlying mechanisms. First, the experimental results show that metformin salvaged the neurons exposed to Aβin a concentration-dependent manner with MTT and LDH assay. Further, the phosphorylation levels of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK were measured with western blot analysis. It was investigated that Aβincreased phospho-JNK significantly but had no effect on phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-ERK1/2. Metformin decreased hyperphosphorylated JNK induced by Aβ; however, the protection of metformin against Aβwas blocked when anisomycin, the activator of JNK, was added to the medium, indicating that metformin performed its protection against Aβin a JNK-dependent way. In addition, it was observed that metformin protected the neurons via the suppression of apoptosis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that metformin may have a positive effect on Aβ-induced cytotoxicity, which provides a preclinical strategy against AD for elders with diabetes.
Valproate Induced Hypertensive Urgency
Authors: Sivananthan Mauran , Mohiuddin Sarah
Published: June 2016

Valproate is a medication used in the treatment of seizures, bipolar disorder, migraines, and behavioral problems. Here we present a case of an 8-year-old boy who presented with hypertensive urgency after initiation of valproate. Primary treatment of his hypertension was ineffective. Blood pressure stabilization was achieved following discontinuation of valproate. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of developing hypertensive urgency with administration of valproate.
Exploiting Interlimb Arm and Leg Connections for Walking Rehabilitation: A Training Intervention in Stroke
Authors: Klarner Taryn , Barss Trevor S. , Sun Yao , Kaupp Chelsea , Loadman Pamela M. , Zehr E. Paul
Published: June 2016

Rhythmic arm and leg (A&L) movements share common elements of neural control. The extent to which A&L cycling training can lead to training adaptations which transfer to improved walking function remains untested. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of A&L cycling training as a modality to improve locomotor function after stroke. Nineteen chronic stroke (>six months) participants were recruited and performed 30 minutes of A&L cycling training three times a week for five weeks. Changes in walking function were assessed with (1) clinical tests; (2) strength during isometric contractions; and (3) treadmill walking performance and cutaneous reflex modulation. A multiple baseline (3 pretests) within-subject control design was used. Data show that A&L cycling training improved clinical walking status increased strength by ~25%, improved modulation of muscle activity by ~25%, increased range of motion by ~20%, decreased stride duration, increased frequency, and improved modulation of cutaneous reflexes during treadmill walking. On most variables, the majority of participants showed a significant improvement in walking ability. These results suggest that exploiting arm and leg connections with A&L cycling training, an accessible and cost-effective training modality, could be used to improve walking ability after stroke.
Incidence, Characteristics, and Prognosis of Incidentally Discovered Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Liver Transplantation
Authors: El Moghazy Walid , Kashkoush Samy , Meeberg Glenda , Kneteman Norman
Published: June 2016

Background. We aimed to assess incidentally discovered hepatocellular carcinoma (iHCC) over time and to compare outcome to preoperatively diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (pdHCC) and nontumor liver transplants.Methods.We studied adults transplanted with a follow-up of at least one year. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Results.Between 1990 and 2010, 887 adults were transplanted. Among them, 121 patients (13.6%) had pdHCC and 32 patients (3.6%) had iHCC; frequency of iHCC decreased markedly over years, in parallel with significant increase in pdHCC. Between 1990 and 1995, 120 patients had liver transplants, 4 (3.3%) of them had iHCC, and only 3 (2.5%) had pdHCC, while in the last 5 years, 263 patients were transplanted, 7 (0.03%) of them had iHCC, and 66 (25.1%) had pdHCC (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between groups regarding patient survival; 5-year survival was 74%, 75.5%, and 77.3% in iHCC, pdHCC, and non-HCC groups, respectively (P=0.702). Patients with iHCC had no recurrences after transplant, while pdHCC patients experienced 17 recurrences (15.3%) (P=0.016).Conclusions.iHCC has significantly decreased despite steady increase in number of transplants for hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with iHCC had excellent outcomes with no tumor recurrence and survival comparable to pdHCC.
On a Search for Hidden Photon CDM by a Multicathode Counter
Authors: Kopylov A. V. , Orekhov I. V. , Petukhov V. V.
Published: June 2016

We report a new technique of a multicathode counter (MCC) developed to search for hidden photon (HP) cold dark matter (CDM) with a mass from 5 to 500 eV. The method is suggested in the assumption that HP-photon mixing causes emission of single electrons from a metal cathode if the mass of hidden photonmγ′is greater than a work function of the metalφW. The measured effect from HP should be dependent onφWand on the structure of electronic shells of the metal used as a cathode. Potentially this can be used for a verification of the results obtained. Some preliminary results for the upper limit for mixing parameterχhave been obtained for HP with a mass from 5 eV to 10 keV as a pure illustration of the potential of this technique. The efforts are continued to refine the procedure of data treatment and to improve the work of MCC. A new detector with a more developed design is under construction.
Indoor Positioning System Using Depth Maps and Wireless Networks
Authors: Duque Domingo Jaime , Cerrada Carlos , Valero Enrique , Cerrada J. A.
Published: June 2016

This work presents a newIndoor Positioning System(IPS) based on the combination ofWiFi Positioning System(WPS) anddepth maps, for estimating the location of people. The combination of both technologies improves the efficiency of existing methods, based uniquely on wireless positioning techniques. While other positioning systems force users to wear special devices, the system proposed in this paper just requires the use ofsmartphones, besides the installation of RGB-D sensors in the sensing area. Furthermore, the system is not intrusive, being not necessary to know people’s identity. The paper exposes the method developed for putting together and exploiting both types of sensory information with positioning purposes: the measurements of the level of the signal received from different access points (APs) of the wireless network and thedepth mapsprovided by the RGB-D cameras. The obtained results show a significant improvement in terms of positioning with respect to common WiFi-based systems.
Morphology of Near- and Semispherical Melted Chips after the Grinding Processes Using Sol-Gel Abrasives Based on SEM-Imaging and Analysis
Authors: Kapłonek W. , Nadolny K. , Habrat W.
Published: June 2016

Selected issues related to SEM-imaging and image analysis of spherical melted chips formed during the grinding process are presented and discussed. The general characteristics of this specific group of machining products are given. Chip formation phenomena, as well as their overall morphology, are presented using selected examples of near- and semispherical melted chips occurring singly or concentrated in clusters on the grinding wheel surface after the machining process. Observation of the spherical melted chips and acquisition of their images were carried out for grinding wheel active surfaces with microcrystalline sintered corundum abrasive grains SG™after the internal cylindrical grinding process of a 100Cr6 steel and Titanium Grade 2® alloy by use of a scanning electron microscope, JEOL JSM-5500LV. Analysis of the obtained SEM micrographs was carried out by Image-Pro® Plus 5.0 software to determine the selected geometrical parameters describing the morphological features of the assessed chips.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Modulates Neurogenesis and Microglia Activation in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Pikhovych Anton , Stolberg Nina Paloma , Jessica Flitsch Lea , Walter Helene Luise , Graf Rudolf , Fink Gereon Rudolf , Schroeter Michael , Rueger Maria Adele
Published: June 2016

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been suggested as an adjuvant tool to promote recovery of function after stroke, but the mechanisms of its action to date remain poorly understood. Moreover, studies aimed at unraveling those mechanisms have essentially been limited to the rat, where tDCS activates resident microglia as well as endogenous neural stem cells. Here we studied the effects of tDCS on microglia activation and neurogenesis in the mouse brain. Male wild‐type mice were subjected to multisession tDCS of either anodal or cathodal polarity; sham‐stimulated mice served as control. Activated microglia in the cerebral cortex and neuroblasts generated in the subventricular zone as the major neural stem cell niche were assessed immunohistochemically. Multisession tDCS at a sublesional charge density led to a polarity‐dependent downregulation of the constitutive expression of Iba1 by microglia in the mouse cortex. In contrast, both anodal and, to an even greater extent, cathodal tDCS induced neurogenesis from the subventricular zone. Data suggest that tDCS elicits its action through multifacetted mechanisms, including immunomodulation and neurogenesis, and thus support the idea of using tDCS to induce regeneration and to promote recovery of function. Furthermore, data suggest that the effects of tDCS may be animal‐ and polarity‐specific.
A Compact MIMO Antenna with Inverted C-Shaped Ground Branches for Mobile Terminals
Authors: Yang Zixian , Yang Hongchun , Cui Haijuan
Published: June 2016

A compact printed MIMO antenna for mobile terminals is presented. With two planar antenna elements, the −6 dB impedance bandwidth of 2.32 GHz (1.48–3.8 GHz) is obtained, which covers GSM 1800/1900, UMTS, WLAN, Wimax, S-band, and most of LTE bands. Each antenna element with a small occupation of 15 × 20 mm2consists of a driven strip and a shorted strip. Two inverted C-shaped ground branches are introduced between two elements to improve the isolation. The simulated results are studied and the measured results show that high isolation of more than 18 dB at the entire operating band is achieved. Meanwhile, the impedance performance is also improved by adding the branches. Furthermore, the measured radiation performances and envelope correlation coefficient also demonstrate that the proposed antenna could be a good candidate for mobile terminals.
WISP1 Is Increased in Intestinal Mucosa and Contributes to Inflammatory Cascades in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhang Cuiping , Li Xiaoyu , Yu Yanan , Liang Kun , Shan Xinzhi , Zhao Kun , Niu Qinghui , Tian Zibin
Published: June 2016

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is mainly characterized by intestinal tissue damage, which is caused by excessive autoimmune responses poorly controlled by corresponding regulatory mechanisms. WISP1, which belongs to the CCN protein family, is a secreted matricellular protein regulating several inflammatory pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and has been reported in several diseases including cancer. Here we examined the expression, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of WISP1 in IBD. WISP1 mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in colonic biopsies and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) of IBD patients compared with those of healthy controls. Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-)αinduced WISP1 expression in LPMC from healthy controls. Consistently, WISP1 mRNA expression was downregulated in colonic biopsies from IBD patients who had achieved clinical remission with infliximab (IFX). Furthermore, WISP1 expression was also found to be increased in colons from 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid- (TNBS-) induced mice compared with those from control mice. Further studies confirmed that administration of rWISP1 could aggravate TNBS-induced colitis in vivo. Therefore, we concluded that WISP1 is increased in IBD and contributes to the proinflammatory cascades in the gut.
Histological Lesions and Cellular Response in the Skin of Alpine Chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) Spontaneously Affected by Sarcoptic Mange
Authors: Salvadori Claudia , Rocchigiani Guido , Lazzarotti Camilla , Formenti Nicoletta , Trogu Tiziana , Lanfranchi Paolo , Zanardello Claudia , Citterio Carlo , Poli Alessandro
Published: June 2016

Population dynamics of chamois (genusRupicapra, subfamily Caprinae) can be influenced by infectious diseases epizootics, of which sarcoptic mange is probably the most severe in the Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra). In this study, skin lesions and cellular inflammatory infiltrates were characterized in 44 Alpine chamois affected by sarcoptic mange. Dermal cellular responses were evaluated in comparison with chamois affected by trombiculosis and controls. In both sarcoptic mange and trombiculosis, a significantly increase of eosinophils, mast cells, T and B lymphocytes, and macrophages was detected. Moreover, in sarcoptic mange significant higher numbers of T lymphocytes and macrophages compared to trombiculosis were observed. Lesions in sarcoptic mange were classified in three grades, according to crusts thickness, correlated with mite counts. Grade 3 represented the most severe form with crust thickness more than 3.5 mm, high number of mites, and severe parakeratosis with diffuse bacteria. Evidence of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity was detected in all three forms associated with diffuse severe epidermal hyperplasia. In grade 3, a significant increase of B lymphocytes was evident compared to grades 1 and 2, while eosinophil counts were significantly higher than in grade 1, but lower than in grade 2 lesions. An involvement of nonprotective Th2 immune response could in part account for severe lesions of grade 3.
Evolutionary Algorithm with Roulette-Tournament Selection for Solving Aquaculture Diet Formulation
Authors: Abd Rahman Rosshairy , Ramli Razamin , Jamari Zainoddin , Ku-Mahamud Ku Ruhana
Published: June 2016

The function of operators in an evolutionary algorithm (EA) is very crucial as the operators have a strong effect on the performance of the EA. In this paper, a new selection operator is introduced for a real valued encoding problem, which specifically exists in a shrimp diet formulation problem. This newly developed selection operator is a hybrid between two well-known established selection operators: roulette wheel and binary tournament selection. A comparison of the performance of the proposed operator and the other existing operator was made for evaluation purposes. The result shows that the proposed roulette-tournament selection is better in terms of its ability to provide many good feasible solutions when a population size of 30 is used. Thus, the proposed roulette-tournament is suitable and comparable to established selection for solving a real valued shrimp diet formulation problem. The selection operator can also be generalized to any problems related to EA.
Comparison of Muscle Onset Activation Sequences between a Golf or Tennis Swing and Common Training Exercises Using Surface Electromyography: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vasudevan John M. , Logan Andrew , Shultz Rebecca , Koval Jeffrey J. , Roh Eugene Y. , Fredericson Michael
Published: June 2016

Aim. The purpose of this pilot study is to use surface electromyography to determine an individual athlete’s typical muscle onset activation sequence when performing a golf or tennis forward swing and to use the method to assess to what degree the sequence is reproduced with common conditioning exercises and a machine designed for this purpose.Methods. Data for 18 healthy male subjects were collected for 15 muscles of the trunk and lower extremities. Data were filtered and processed to determine the average onset of muscle activation for each motion. A Spearman correlation estimated congruence of activation order between the swing and each exercise. Correlations of each group were pooled with 95% confidence intervals using a random effects meta-analytic strategy.Results. The averaged sequences differed among each athlete tested, but pooled correlations demonstrated a positive association between each exercise and the participants’ natural muscle onset activation sequence.Conclusion. The selected training exercises and Turning Point™device all partially reproduced our athletes’ averaged muscle onset activation sequences for both sports. The results support consideration of a larger, adequately powered study using this method to quantify to what degree each of the selected exercises is appropriate for use in both golf and tennis.
On the Discrete-TimeGeo/G/1Queue with Vacations in Random Environment
Authors: Li Jianjun , Liu Liwei
Published: June 2016

A discrete-timeGeo/G/1queue with vacations in random environment is analyzed. Using the method of supplementary variable, we give the probability generating function (PGF) of the stationary queue length distribution at arbitrary epoch. The PGF of the stationary sojourn time distribution is also derived. And we present the various performance measures such as mean number of customers in the system, mean length of the type-icycle, and mean time that the system resides in phase0. In addition, we show that theM/G/1queue with vacations in random environment can be approximated by its discrete-time counterpart. Finally, we present some special cases of the model and numerical examples.
Enablers of Physician Prescription of a Long-Term Asthma Controller in Patients with Persistent Asthma
Authors: Ducharme Francine M. , Lamontagne Alexandrine J. , Blais Lucie , Grad Roland , Lavoie Kim L. , Bacon Simon L. , McKinney Martha L. , Desplats Eve , Ernst Pierre
Published: June 2016

Objective. We aimed to identify key enablers of physician prescription of a long-term controller in patients with persistent asthma.Methods. We conducted a mailed survey of randomly selected Quebec physicians. We sent a 102-item questionnaire, seeking reported management regarding one of 4 clinical vignettes of a poorly controlled adult or child and endorsement of enablers to prescribe long-term controllers.Results. With a 56% participation rate, 421 physicians participated. Most (86%) would prescribe a long-term controller (predominantly inhaled corticosteroids, ICS) to the patient in their clinical vignette. Determinants of intention were the recognition of persistent symptoms (OR 2.67), goal of achieving long-term control (OR 5.31), and high comfort level in initiating long-term ICS (OR 2.33). Decision tools, pharmacy reports, reminders, and specific training were strongly endorsed by ≥60% physicians to support optimal management. Physicians strongly endorsed asthma education, lung function testing, specialist opinion, accessible asthma clinic, and paramedical healthcare professionals to guide patients, as enablers to improve patient adherence to and physicians’ comfort with long-term ICS.Interpretation. Tools and training to improve physician knowledge, skills, and perception towards long-term ICS and resources that increase patient adherence and physician comfort to facilitate long-term ICS prescription should be considered as targets for implementation.
Functional Characterization of9-/13-LOXsin Rice and Silencing Their Expressions to Improve Grain Qualities
Authors: RoyChowdhury Moytri , Li Xiaobai , Qi Hangying , Li Wenxu , Sun Jian , Huang Cheng , Wu Dianxing
Published: June 2016

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are involved in oxidative rancidity and render rice unsuitable for human consumption. Here, RNA interference- (RNAi-) induced gene expression inhibition was used to analyze the functions of the bran/seed-specific LOXs in rice.r9-LOX1andL-2(9-LOX category) were the candidate genes expressing a bran/seed-specific LOX, whileRCI-1was (13-LOX category) a plastid-specific LOX. Real-time PCR showed that three LOXs were cultivar/tissue specific expression on a certain level.r9-LOX1andL-2were generally much higher in active bran/seed than in stabilized bran, mature seed, and regenerated plant.RCI-1was barely expressed in seed. In transgenic lines,r9-LOX1, as well asL-2, expression was dramatically downregulated, compared to the nontransgenic controls. SPME/GC-MS analysis ofr9-LOX1RNAi transgenic lines showed 74.33% decrease in nonanal content (formed during oxidation of linoleic acid by lipoxygenase), but 388.24% increase in acetic acid and 184.84% hexanal (direct products of 13-LOX). These results indicate thatr9-LOX1positively regulates the amount of nonanal but negatively regulates acetic acid and hexanal. The negative regulation may be due to a mechanism of negative feedback between LOX family members. The information will help comprehensively understand the function of the bran/seed-specific LOXs,r9-LOX1, and improve the storage quality in the future.
Exogenous Nitric Oxide Protects Human Embryonic Stem Cell‐Derived Cardiomyocytes against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Pálóczi János , Varga Zoltán V. , Apáti Ágota , Szebényi Kornélia , Sarkadi Balázs , Madonna Rosalinda , De Caterina Raffaele , Csont Tamás , Eschenhagen Thomas , Ferdinandy Péter , Görbe Anikó
Published: June 2016

Background and Aims. Human embryonic stem cell‐ (hESC‐) derived cardiomyocytes are one of the useful screening platforms of potential cardiocytoprotective molecules. However, little is known about the behavior of these cardiomyocytes in simulated ischemia/reperfusion conditions. In this study, we have tested the cytoprotective effect of an NO donor and the brain type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in a screening platform based first on differentiated embryonic bodies (EBs, 6 + 4 days) and then on more differentiated cardiomyocytes (6 + 24 days), both derived from hESCs. Methods. Both types of hESC‐derived cells were exposed to 150 min simulated ischemia, followed by 120 min reperfusion. Cell viability was assessed by propidium iodide staining. The following treatments were applied during simulated ischemia in differentiated EBs: the NO‐donor S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) (10−7, 10−6, and 10−5 M), BNP (10−9, 10−8, and 10−7 M), and the nonspecific NO synthase inhibitor Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine (L‐NNA, 10−5 M). Results. SNAP (10−6, 10−5 M) significantly attenuated cell death in differentiated EBs. However, simulated ischemia/reperfusion‐induced cell death was not affected by BNP or by L‐NNA. In separate experiments, SNAP (10−6 M) also protected hESC‐derived cardiomyocytes. Conclusions. We conclude that SNAP, but not BNP, protects differentiated EBs or cardiomyocytes derived from hESCs against simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury. The present screening platform is a useful tool for discovery of cardiocytoprotective molecules and their cellular mechanisms.
Risky Sexual Behaviors and Associated Factors among Jiga High School and Preparatory School Students, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Getachew Mullu , Degu Genet , Yitayew Meseret , Misganaw Worku , Muche Mikiyas , Demelash Tiguaded , Mesele Meless , Ayehu Melat
Published: June 2016

Background. Young people constitute a large number of population worldwide, and majority of this population group lives in developing countries. They are at high risk of engaging in risky sexual behaviors. These risk sexual behaviors predispose youths to several sexual and reproductive health problems like STIs, HIV, unwanted pregnancy, and abortion. So, this study was conducted to assess the magnitude of risky sexual behaviors and associated factors among Jiga high school and preparatory school students, northwest Ethiopia. Methodology. Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted among Jiga town high school and preparatory school students. A total of 311 students were included in the study. Systematic random sampling method was used to select study participants. Data was entered using EpiData version 3.1 and it was exported to SPSS version 22 for further analysis. Descriptive analysis and bivariate and multivariate analysis were also calculated to determine factors associated with risky sexual behavior. Result. Forty-eight (16%) of respondents reported that they had sexual intercourse. From those who start sex, 44 (14.7%) were involved in risky sexual behavior which could predispose them to sexual and reproductive health problems. More than half, 27 (56.3%), of respondents first sexual intercourse was before their eighteenth birthday. The mean age and SD of fist sexual initiation were 17.2 years old and 1.35 years, respectively. Factors associated with risky sexual behavior include respondents between the ages of 20 and 23 (AOR: 5, 95%, CI: 1.59–15.98), drinking alcohol (AOR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.13–5.41), and having poor knowledge towards HIV/AIDS (AOR: 4.53, 95%, CI: 2.06–9.94). Conclusion. A large number of in-school youths are involved in risky sexual behaviors like early sexual initiation, having multiple sexual partners, inconsistence use of condom, and having sex with high risk partner (CSWs). Age of respondents, alcohol drinking, and poor knowledge towards HIV/AIDS were factors associated with risky sexual behavior. School and community based programs in reducing substance abuse among youths and increasing their knowledge towards HIV/AIDS are important.
Upper Bound Solution of Safety Factor for Shallow Tunnels Face Using a Nonlinear Failure Criterion and Shear Strength Reduction Technique
Authors: Huang Fu , Li Zai-lan , Ling Tong-hua
Published: June 2016

A method to evaluate the stability of tunnel face is proposed in the framework of upper bound theorem. The safety factor which is widely applied in slope stability analysis is introduced to estimate the stability of tunnel face using the upper bound theorem of limit analysis in conjunction with a strength reduction technique. Considering almost all geomaterials following a nonlinear failure criterion, a generalized tangential technique is used to calculate the external work and internal energy dissipation in the kinematically admissible velocity field. The upper bound solution of safety factor is obtained by optimization calculation. To evaluate the validity of the method proposed in this paper, the safety factor is compared with those calculated by limit equilibrium method. The comparison shows the solutions derived from these two methods match each other well, which shows the method proposed in this paper can be considered as effective.
Optical Enhancement of Exoskeleton-Based Estimation of Glenohumeral Angles
Authors: Cortés Camilo , Unzueta Luis , de los Reyes-Guzmán Ana , Ruiz Oscar E. , Flórez Julián
Published: June 2016

In Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation (RAR) the accurate estimation of the patient limb joint angles is critical for assessing therapy efficacy. In RAR, the use of classic motion capture systems (MOCAPs) (e.g., optical and electromagnetic) to estimate the Glenohumeral (GH) joint angles is hindered by the exoskeleton body, which causes occlusions and magnetic disturbances. Moreover, the exoskeleton posture does not accurately reflect limb posture, as their kinematic models differ. To address the said limitations in posture estimation, we propose installing the cameras of an optical marker-based MOCAP in the rehabilitation exoskeleton. Then, the GH joint angles are estimated by combining the estimated marker poses and exoskeleton Forward Kinematics. Such hybrid system prevents problems related to marker occlusions, reduced camera detection volume, and imprecise joint angle estimation due to the kinematic mismatch of the patient and exoskeleton models. This paper presents the formulation, simulation, and accuracy quantification of the proposed method with simulated human movements. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of the method accuracy to marker position estimation errors, due to system calibration errors and marker drifts, has been carried out. The results show that, even with significant errors in the marker position estimation, method accuracy is adequate for RAR.