bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Tea Theaflavins and Catechins on Microvascular Function
Authors: Fuchs Dagmar , De Graaf Young , Van Kerckhoven Roeland , Draijer Richard
Published: December 2014

Beneficial effects of flavonoid-rich black and green tea on macrocirculation have been well established. Theaflavins are unique to black tea as they are formed from catechins during the enzymatic oxidation of tea leaves. The study was performed to gain more insight into the effects of theaflavins on microcirculation and to compare effects with another important flavonoid class, the green tea derived catechins, which have been reported to improve vascular function. Twenty-four healthy subjects were included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, cross-over study. On six different days, subjects received capsules with a single dose of catechins (500 mg), four varying doses of theaflavins (100 to 500 mg) or placebo. Microcirculation was assessed after each treatment by Pulse Amplitude Tonometry (EndoPAT) at baseline and 2, 4 and 6 h after test product intake. The EndoPAT reactive hyperemia response was improved by 500 mg catechins (reactive hyperemia index (RHI): 0.2; p = 0.04) and by 500 mg theaflavins (RHI: 0.19; p = 0.06) compared to placebo. Also, 300 mg theaflavins increased the RHI (0.28; p = 0.02), but no effects were observed at lower doses. The study suggests moderate effects of single doses of catechins and theaflavins on peripheral microcirculation.
Urban-Rural Differences Explain the Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Insulin Resistance in Korea
Authors: Song Bo , Rhee Yumie , Kim Chang , Youm Yoosik , Kim Kyoung , Lee Eun , Lee Ju-Mi , Yoon Young , Kim Hyeon
Published: December 2014

An increasing number of studies report associations between low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and insulin resistance; however, whether low vitamin D levels directly contribute to increased insulin resistance is unclear. We investigated the impact of residential area on the association between 25(OH)D and insulin resistance in elderly Koreans. Using data from the Korean Urban Rural Elderly study, we conducted cross-sectional analyses in 1628 participants (505 men and 1123 women). Serum 25(OH)D was analyzed as both continuous and categorized variables. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated using fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. In men, 25(OH)D level was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (standardized β = −0.133, p < 0.001) after adjustment for age, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, and study year. However, we noted significant urban-rural differences in 25(OH)D level (43.4 versus 65.6 nmol/L; p < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (1.2 versus 0.8 mmol·pmol/L2; p < 0.001). When we additionally adjusted for residential area, the association between 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR was attenuated (standardized β = −0.063, p = 0.115). In women, the association between 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR was not significant before or after adjustment for residential area. Environmental or lifestyle differences in urban and rural areas may largely explain the inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and insulin resistance.
Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Chitosan on the Oral Pathogen Candida albicans
Authors: Costa Eduardo , Silva Sara , Tavaria Freni , Pintado Manuela
Published: December 2014

Oral candidiasis is particularly evident, not only in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, but also in elderly people with xerostomy. In general, Candida is an opportunistic pathogen, causing infections in immunocompromised people and, in some cases, when the natural microbiota is altered. Chitosan, a natural derivative of chitin, is a polysaccharide that has been proven to possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that encompasses action against fungi, yeast and bacteria. While recent studies have revealed a significant antibiofilm activity upon several microorganisms, including C. albicans, little is known regarding the impact of chitosan upon the adhesive process or mature biofilms. With that in mind, the purpose of this work was to evaluate, in vitro, the capability of chitosan to inhibit C. albicans growth and biofilm formation. The results obtained showed that chitosan is capable of inhibiting C. albicans planktonic growth (HMW, 1 mg/mL; LMW, 3 mg/mL). Regarding biofilm growth, chitosan inhibited C. albicans adhesion (ca. 95%), biofilm formation (percentages above 90%) and reduced mature biofilms by ca. 65% and dual species biofilms (C. albicans and S. mutans) by ca. 70%. These results display the potential of this molecule to be used as an effective anti-Candida agent capable of acting upon C. albicans infections.
A Digital Sensor Simulator of the Pushbroom Offner Hyperspectral Imaging Spectrometer
Authors: Tao Dongxing , Jia Guorui , Yuan Yan , Zhao Huijie
Published: December 2014

Sensor simulators can be used in forecasting the imaging quality of a new hyperspectral imaging spectrometer, and generating simulated data for the development and validation of the data processing algorithms. This paper presents a novel digital sensor simulator for the pushbroom Offner hyperspectral imaging spectrometer, which is widely used in the hyperspectral remote sensing. Based on the imaging process, the sensor simulator consists of a spatial response module, a spectral response module, and a radiometric response module. In order to enhance the simulation accuracy, spatial interpolation-resampling, which is implemented before the spatial degradation, is developed to compromise the direction error and the extra aliasing effect. Instead of using the spectral response function (SRF), the dispersive imaging characteristics of the Offner convex grating optical system is accurately modeled by its configuration parameters. The non-uniformity characteristics, such as keystone and smile effects, are simulated in the corresponding modules. In this work, the spatial, spectral and radiometric calibration processes are simulated to provide the parameters of modulation transfer function (MTF), SRF and radiometric calibration parameters of the sensor simulator. Some uncertainty factors (the stability, band width of the monochromator for the spectral calibration, and the integrating sphere uncertainty for the radiometric calibration) are considered in the simulation of the calibration process. With the calibration parameters, several experiments were designed to validate the spatial, spectral and radiometric response of the sensor simulator, respectively. The experiment results indicate that the sensor simulator is valid.
Automatic Frequency Controller for Power Amplifiers Used in Bio-Implanted Applications: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Hannan Mahammad , Hussein Hussein , Mutashar Saad , Samad Salina , Hussain Aini
Published: December 2014

With the development of communication technologies, the use of wireless systems in biomedical implanted devices has become very useful. Bio-implantable devices are electronic devices which are used for treatment and monitoring brain implants, pacemakers, cochlear implants, retinal implants and so on. The inductive coupling link is used to transmit power and data between the primary and secondary sides of the biomedical implanted system, in which efficient power amplifier is very much needed to ensure the best data transmission rates and low power losses. However, the efficiency of the implanted devices depends on the circuit design, controller, load variation, changes of radio frequency coil’s mutual displacement and coupling coefficients. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on various power amplifier classes and their characteristics, efficiency and controller techniques that have been used in bio-implants. The automatic frequency controller used in biomedical implants such as gate drive switching control, closed loop power control, voltage controlled oscillator, capacitor control and microcontroller frequency control have been explained. Most of these techniques keep the resonance frequency stable in transcutaneous power transfer between the external coil and the coil implanted inside the body. Detailed information including carrier frequency, power efficiency, coils displacement, power consumption, supplied voltage and CMOS chip for the controllers techniques are investigated and summarized in the provided tables. From the rigorous review, it is observed that the existing automatic frequency controller technologies are more or less can capable of performing well in the implant devices; however, the systems are still not up to the mark. Accordingly, current challenges and problems of the typical automatic frequency controller techniques for power amplifiers are illustrated, with a brief suggestions and discussion section concerning the progress of implanted device research in the future. This review will hopefully lead to increasing efforts towards the development of low powered, highly efficient, high data rate and reliable automatic frequency controllers for implanted devices.
Target Tracking and Classification from Labeled and Unlabeled Data in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Yoo Jaehyun , Kim Hyoun
Published: December 2014

Tracking the locations and identities of moving targets in the surveillance area of wireless sensor networks is studied. In order to not rely on high-cost sensors that have been used in previous researches, we propose the integrated localization and classification based on semi-supervised learning, which uses both labeled and unlabeled data obtained from low-cost distributed sensor network. In our setting, labeled data are obtained by seismic and PIR sensors that contain information about the types of the targets. Unlabeled data are generated from the RF signal strength by applying Gaussian process, which represents the probability of predicted target locations. Finally, by using classified unlabeled data produced by semi-supervised learning, identities and locations of multiple targets are estimated. In addition, we consider a case when the labeled data are absent, which can happen due to fault or lack of the deployed sensor nodes and communication failure. We overcome this situation by defining artificial labeled data utilizing characteristics of support vector machine, which provides information on the importance of each training data point. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed tracking algorithm and its robustness to the absence of the labeled data thanks to the artificial labeled data.
Multisensory System for Fruit Harvesting Robots. Experimental Testing in Natural Scenarios and with Different Kinds of Crops
Authors: Fernández Roemi , Salinas Carlota , Montes Héctor , Sarria Javier
Published: December 2014

The motivation of this research was to explore the feasibility of detecting and locating fruits from different kinds of crops in natural scenarios. To this end, a unique, modular and easily adaptable multisensory system and a set of associated pre-processing algorithms are proposed. The offered multisensory rig combines a high resolution colour camera and a multispectral system for the detection of fruits, as well as for the discrimination of the different elements of the plants, and a Time-Of-Flight (TOF) camera that provides fast acquisition of distances enabling the localisation of the targets in the coordinate space. A controlled lighting system completes the set-up, increasing its flexibility for being used in different working conditions. The pre-processing algorithms designed for the proposed multisensory system include a pixel-based classification algorithm that labels areas of interest that belong to fruits and a registration algorithm that combines the results of the aforementioned classification algorithm with the data provided by the TOF camera for the 3D reconstruction of the desired regions. Several experimental tests have been carried out in outdoors conditions in order to validate the capabilities of the proposed system.
The Best of Both Worlds? Online Ties and the Alternating Use of Social Network Sites in the Context of Migration
Authors: Binder Jens , Sutcliffe Alistair
Published: December 2014

While an ever-growing body of research is concerned with user behavior on individual social network sites (SNSs)—mostly Facebook—studies addressing an alternating use of two or more SNS are rare. Here, we investigate the relationship between alternating SNS use and social capital in the context of migration. Alternating SNS use avoids some of the problems associated with large networks located on one site; in particular the management of different social or cultural spheres. Not only does this strategy hold potential for increased social capital, it also provides a particular incentive for migrants faced with the challenge of staying in touch with back home and managing a new social environment. Two survey studies are presented that focus on the relationship between alternating SNS use and online ties in a migrant context involving Indian nationals. Study 1 looked at migration within India, whereas Study 2 compared international with domestic SNS users. In both studies, alternating SNS use added to the prediction of online network size and accounted for differences in network size found for migrant and non-migrant users. Differences were due to the number of peripheral ties, rather than core ties. Findings suggest that alternating SNS use may constitute a compensatory strategy that helps to overcome lower levels of socializing represented through a single SNS.
Increasing Production and Eliminating Waste through Lean Tools and Techniques for Halal Food Companies
Authors: Manzouri Malihe , Ab-Rahman Mohd , Zain Che , Jamsari Ezad
Published: December 2014

Major businesses around the world have been trying to reduce the total cost and wastes across their supply chain to remain competitive in the expanding global market. Hence, a collection of reliable tools and techniques are vital for decreasing costs and wastes and for providing effective services for customer demands. Given that lean concept attempts to decrease costs and wastes, this study aims to identify the effective lean tools required for eliminating wastes in the supply chain. Because of the large number of consumers and the global market of Halal products, this study focuses on Halal food supply chains. Out of the questionnaires distributed to 300 Halal food firms in Malaysia, only 61 usable replies were obtained. The results showed that demand collaboration, continuous improvement, and inventory management practices are the most important tools in Lean Supply Chain (LSC) implementation. In addition, the results indicated that only a small percentage of Halal food companies are implementing LSC. Malaysia is an important Halal food producer in the word, but has low level of LSC implementation among its Halal food producers. LSC is a new concept that needs more effort to be understood and implemented.
Les spécificités économiques de la mondialisation contemporaine. (The distinctive features of the current era of economic globalization)
Authors: Azuelos Martine
Published: December 2014

In the current era, globalization has much in common with earlier stages, the first of which can be traced back to the Age of Discovery. Thus, it is characterized by expanding foreign trade and investment which, with the end of Cold War polarization, can reach into ever-widening spheres. However, it also has distinctive features, i.e. global supply chain management and financial globalization. In today's world global firms and financial markets are the main drivers of increased interdependence between men and territories.
Mondialisation, déterritorialisation, reterritorialisation (Globalization and territory)
Authors: Théry Hervé
Published: December 2014

The relations between globalization and territories are contradictory, they seem to deny and to reinforce them at the same time. On the one hand it seems that the generalized competition between all territories of the world, thanks to the increased mobility of goods, capital and information, puts them all on the same plan. But it also reinforces the territoriality, with the market of "embedded" products, especially in the agribusiness sector. Territory becomes more and more a commodity, "sold" for consumption on the spot or remotely, and globalization thus induces, at the same time, a de-territorialization and a re- territorialization of the World.
Développement et mondialisation dans le Cône Sud : le territoire en débat (Development and globalization in the "Southern Cone " : debates on territory)
Authors: Velut Sébastien
Published: December 2014

This paper presents the debates on territory and development in the Southern Cone (Argentina, Chile, Brazil and Uruguay). After 2000, the economic development remains steered by international trade, but the orthodox version of neoliberalism has been criticized, justifying more regulation by central governments. Common theories of local development do not take fully into account the main trends of economic growth, which leads to rapid changes in functional spaces. The introduction of sustainable development triggers the reorganization of territories and stronger intervention of central states.
Un quart de siècle de grande vitesse ferroviaire en France. (A quarter century of high-speed rail in France)
Authors: Auphan Etienne
Published: December 2014

Depuis 1981, quatre systèmes TGV radiaux ont été réalisés en France, de Paris vers le Sud-Est, puis l'Ouest et le Sud-Ouest, le Nord et l 'Est du pays. Ils ont progressivement dérogé au principe initial de «l'avion sur rail» reliant sans arrêts intermédiaires de grandes métropoles, et la réalisation de l'interconnection Ile-de-France a conduit à la mise en place d'un véritable réseau national. Un nouvel «effet réseau» s'observe, auquel contribuent diversement les nouvelles gares réalisées sur les lignes nouvelles.
Evaluating the Economic Contribution of a Large Indoor Entertainment Venue: An Inscope Expenditure Study
Authors: Edwards Deborah , Foley Carmel , Dwyer Larry , Schlenker Katie , Hergesell Anja
Published: December 2014

Music events are elements of entertainment that are important to people's social lives. Large indoor entertainment venues meet this need through the provision of entertainment such as live music performances. While large indoor entertainment venues impact the economies of the communities
in which they are located, there is minimal research that investigates their economic contribution. To address this gap, this article examines the inscope expenditure arising from a range of events held at the Sydney Entertainment Centre (SEC) for the areas surrounding it—Chinatown/Haymarket
precinct, the Darling Harbour precinct, and the City of Sydney local government area. It was found that the SEC benefits the immediate venue location, as well as adjacent business precincts, with backward and forward economic linkages evident in visitor expenditure patterns. Surprisingly,
free concerts were also found to generate high expenditures in surrounding areas. Implications for stakeholders are discussed.
Events as Proenvironmental Learning Spaces
Authors: Mair Judith
Published: December 2014

Climate change is an ongoing issue for governments internationally, driving them to seek more ways in which to encourage the general public to engage with the sustainability agenda. Despite substantial research into consumer behavior, behavior change, and social marketing, there are
still opportunities to find innovative messaging tools that may help to persuade people to change their habits. This article reports on initial exploratory research into the use of events as a space for proenvironmental behavior messaging, and concludes that although significant research is
needed, some events have potential to become environmental learning spaces for attendees.
London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games: Including Volunteers with Disabilities—A Podium Performance?
Authors: Darcy Simon , Dickson Tracey J. , Benson Angela M.
Published: December 2014

This article presents an examination of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games' volunteers who identified as having access needs and/or disabilities. The methodology draws upon data collected as part of a larger quantitative mixed method research design through an online survey
that included open-ended questions. The quantitative element of the online survey was framed by the Special Event Volunteer Motivation Scale together with sociodemographic questions supplemented by disability and access specific questions. The qualitative analysis of the open-ended responses
of the experiences of people with disability was framed using the UK government's Office of Disability Issues (ODI) policy conceptualization of the barriers affecting the access and inclusion of people with disability. A small number of volunteers related feedback consistent with the principles
of the ODI best practice through good staff support and overall positive experiences. However, other experiences indicate significant organizational, environmental, and structural issues faced by volunteers with disability in the program. The implications of these findings for future event
planning processes and broader macropolicy considerations are discussed.
Managing Alcohol and Drugs in Event and Venue Settings: The Australian Case
Authors: Harris Rob , Edwards Deborah , Homel Peter
Published: December 2014

One of the major challenges of operating events and venues is that of managing attendee/patron alcohol and drug use. In the Australian context, a rising number of alcohol and drug-related incidents in and around these settings have resulted in a renewed focus on how these negative outcomes can be more effectively controlled. In order to aid those charged with the task of addressing this matter—event and venue managers, police, security firms, alcohol and drug regulatory bodies, and governments at all levels—this article seeks to identify those variables with the potential to impact this management issue. Further, it aims to provide the previously identified stakeholders with a deeper appreciation of the raft of practices that are currently in use, and potentially available to them, as they build responses to this challenge at the individual state, precinct, venue, or event level. The research approach used involved an extensive literature review and a series of in-depth interviews with key stakeholders across three states—New South Wales, Victoria, and Western Australia.
Too Much Nostalgia? A Decennial Reflection on the Heritage Classic Ice Hockey Event
Authors: Ramshaw Gregory
Published: December 2014

This research note explores the legacy of the Heritage Classic, an outdoor ice hockey event held in Edmonton, Canada in November 2003. The event explicitly and successfully evoked nostalgia for former players, past teams, rural environments, and the egalitarian nature of childhood games,
becoming a major international media and tourism event as well as the template for numerous outdoor ice hockey events held around the world. It also provided the Edmonton Oilers hockey club and the event's organizers with both emotional and economic capital at a time when the franchise required
support. However, the success of the Heritage Classic meant that the National Hockey League (NHL) and other hockey leagues would organize subsequent outdoor hockey events, thereby minimizing the ability for individual franchises to benefit from their heritage as the Oilers did. Furthermore,
little was done locally to build on the success of the Heritage Classic, while the proliferation of similar events globally may have minimized both the media and tourism impacts of subsequent outdoor hockey games.
Going “Beyond the Manual”: The Practicum Host Experience with Event Management Students
Authors: Grima Joany
Published: December 2014

As tertiary event management qualifications in New Zealand thrive, so too does the relationship between the local events industry and institutions delivering such programs. The Graduate Diploma in Event Management (GDEM) is a recent addition to the portfolio of programs offered at Wellington
Institute of Technology (WelTec). The GDEM includes a significant practicum component. This article reports on an exploratory research project of practicum host organizations and their experiences of hosting a GDEM student. Using the results of an online questionnaire, the article identifies
the impact of the student placement on the host and the skills, knowledge, and personal qualities required by students to be successful in completing their practicum. It also identifies the willingness of hosts to continue with or recommend practicum placements and determines how the practicum
may influence future recruitment at host organizations. Findings indicate the majority of practicum hosts found the experience to be positive, with students matched appropriately to the event environment. Recommendations are made for further research into the effectiveness of event management
training, including greater collaboration between tertiary institutions.
Entre propagande et action humanitaire : l'exemple des secours suisses en faveur des Belges
Authors: Bondallaz Patrick
Published: December 2014

L’invasion de la Belgique en août 1914 crée une vive émotion à travers le monde, suscitant l’intervention d’innombrables comités de secours en faveur des populations sinistrées. En Suisse aussi, des œuvres privées s’organisent sous la conduite du Comité central de secours aux réfugiés belges établi à Lausanne. Leurs efforts concordants culminent avec l’accueil d’orphelins dans plusieurs cantons suisses. Après l’aide aux réfugiés, la solidarité helvétique se tourne vers les prisonniers de guerre et les soldats belges internés en Suisse. Or, les réseaux humanitaires sont aussi utilisés comme canaux de propagande par les belligérants. L’exemple de l’Union patriotique belge de Genève nous permet de porter un regard croisé sur les rapports souvent incestueux qu’entretiennent action humanitaire et propagande.
Hospitaliser, interner et rapatrier : la Suisse et les prisonniers de guerre
Authors: Tate Hazuki
Published: December 2014

Durant la Grande Guerre, la captivité a atteint une ampleur sans précédent et une partie des prisonniers de guerre a subi une détérioration radicale de ses conditions de vie. Les parties neutres ont donc multiplié les interventions. Pour sa part, la Suisse a interné certaines catégories des prisonniers sur son territoire et a mené des négociations avec les belligérants en faveur du rapatriement direct de captifs au cours du conflit. À travers l’analyse de la diplomatie helvétique concernant les prisonniers de guerre, le présent article se propose de cerner le rôle humanitaire d’un État neutre en temps de guerre. Il se penchera également sur la période d’après-guerre pour montrer le développement du statut de la neutralité dans le droit international.
La Commission for Relief of Belgium : neutralité, action humanitaire et mobilisations civiles durant la Première Guerre mondiale
Authors: Farré Sébastien
Published: December 2014

Fondée sur aucune structure préexistante, la Commission for the Relief of Belgium (CRB) développe durant la Première Guerre mondiale une opération d’une dimension inédite qui permet d’assurer à neuf millions de personnes (sept millions de Belges et deux millions de Français) leur subsistance. Le développement de la CRB, institution née d’un mouvement philanthro- pique local à la suite de l’occupation de la Belgique, se comprend par l’existence d’une convergence d’intérêts entre les principaux belligérants. La neutralité s’impose alors comme un moyen d’action, comme une nécessité. Néanmoins, la mise en œuvre de la neutralité sur le terrain humanitaire et le succès de la CRB participent à la cristallisation d’un modèle d’action qui exercera une influence majeure sur de nombreuses institutions caritatives
Le classement aeres des revues de philosophie : épisodes 4 et 5
Authors: Merllié Dominique
Published: December 2014

Quelles sont les nouveautés introduites en 2012 et 2013 dans la liste des revues de philosophie éditée par l’Agence pour l’évaluation de la recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur ? Rien qui en bouleverse les objectifs et le contenu.
Revisión de los mantíspidos de la Península Ibérica y Baleares (Insecta, Neuropterida, Neuroptera, Mantispidae)
Authors: Monserrat Víctor J.
Published: December 2014

En esta revisión se recopila toda la información existente sobre las cuatro especies de mantíspidos (Insecta, Neuropterida, Neuroptera: Mantispidae) presentes en la Península Ibérica y Baleares. Partiendo de los datos generales conocidos sobre esta familia y estas especies, se incluye una clave de identificación para las especies ibéricas y, en base a esta información ibérica y al nuevo material ahora estudiado, se anotan nuevos datos sobre su morfología, su biología y su distribución geográfica, fenológica y altitudinal en la zona estudiada. Se sugieren al menos dos ciclos anuales en la mayoría de las especies ibéricas. Se anotan nuevos e interesantes datos sobre la biología y el comportamiento reproductor de los imagos y sobre los estadios pre-imaginales de alguna de sus especies, discutiendo algunos previos datos conocidos. Se describe una nueva especie, Mantispa incorrupta n. sp., que parece representar la especie vicariante en el Mediterráneo occidental de Mantispa scabricollis McLachlan, 1875, especie pontomediterránea citada de Europa en las islas griegas de Lesbos, Chios y Rodas. Se propone una nueva sinonimia: Mantispa Illiger en Kugelann, 1798 = Afromantispa Snyman & Ohl, 2012 n. syn.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:08343040-B6DB-4212-A810-5ED21648A9FE
Las huellas electorales del nacionalismo español. Identificación territorial y voto en los partidos políticos de ámbito estatal, 1980-2013
Authors: Jiménez Sánchez Manuel , Navarro Ardoy Luis
Published: December 2014

En este trabajo nos aproximamos al estudio del nacionalismo español (la naturaleza de la identificación con España) desde la perspectiva de los votantes de los partidos políticos de ámbito estatal. El objetivo principal es analizar cómo ha cambiado el perfil de sus bases electorales en función de lo que llamamos las huellas electorales del nacionalismo español. El análisis de cómo ha evolucionado en el tiempo el grado de heterogeneidad de esas huellas electorales, junto con las variaciones territoriales y otras diferencias en las actitudes socio-políticas, pueden ayudarnos a entender los posicionamientos de estos partidos y su tratamiento en la agenda electoral. Los datos utilizados proceden de dieciséis encuestas a población general realizadas por el Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) durante los últimos treinta años.
Preparation of Carbon Monoliths by a Simple Polymer Blend Technique
Authors: Cheng Jie , Liu Han Min , Chen Dong , Wen Yue Hua , Cao Gao Ping
Published: December 2014

Porous carbon monoliths are prepared by carbonization of a simple polymer blend, in which phenolic resin (PF) as carbon precursor, polyvinyl butyral as pore former and activated carbon as conducting additive and contraction inhibitor are used to make polymer blend. The results show that the carbon monoliths, with a narrow pore size distribution with mean controlled diameters in the sub-micron/micron range, can be easily produced by controlling the stabilization temperature of the PF, the carbonization temperature, and particle diameters of the precursor powders. The pore size decrease as the stabilization temperature of the PF increases or the particle diameters of the precursor powders decreases. The electrical resistance of the carbon monoliths decreases as the carbonization temperature increases, but the average pore diameter and volume of the carbon monoliths are almost constant as the carbonization temperature increases.
The Adsorption Performance of Hybrid PVDF Membrane by HA
Authors: Zhao Qing , Lu Hui , Meng Liao , Yu Shui Li
Published: December 2014

Ultrafiltration test was carried out to simulate the pollution performance of humic acid (HA) solution. The HA adsorption properties on membrane surface was studied by static adsorption experiment. The influences of HA concentration on adsorption characteristics were taken into account. And Freundlich isotherm model was used to evaluate of adsorption isotherms.
Development and Prospect of Microbial Oils
Authors: Zhao Chun Hai , Liu Zhi Gang , Zhen Qing Li , Sun Guo Rong , Tang Xu Ri , Shi Wen Shan
Published: December 2014

Microbial oils has been studied for many years, research shows that a variety of oleaginous microorganisms, such as yeast, fungi, bacteria, and microalgae can produce oils. The composition of microbial oils are C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2, The research of microbial oils focuses on food and Health care products other fields, especially in the field of bio-energy have been more and more attention, this paper introduced the development process of the microbial oils and the superiority of microbial oils in the bio-energy.
An Analysis of Simulation System of CO2 Emission and Emission Reduction Paths in Chongqing’s Electric Power Industry
Authors: Tang Min , Zhang Shi Yong , Wang Li Ping
Published: December 2014

This paper predicts and analyzes the output, energy consumption and CO2emission in Chongqing’s electric power industry in 16 years to come using a dynamics simulation system of carbon emission. A comparison with historical data indicates a desirable goodness of fit of the simulated results, which show that the power generation in Chongqing will reach the peak of about 180 billion KWH in 2020 and 378 billion KWH in 2030, followed by a steady rise in the following 15 years; the per capita power consumption will reach 5350 KWH in 2020 and 12,000 KWH in 2030; the CO2emission will reach about 102,200,000 tons in 2020 and about 232,600,000 tons in 2030; the CO2emission per unit electricity generation will reach 570gco2/kwh in 2020 and about 620gco2/kwh in 2030. Based on the data, this paper analyzes the influence of different technical paths and policy options on emission in various developmental scenarios, and proposes specific paths for emission reduction.
Kinetic Analysis for COD Removal in Actual Coking Wastewater through an Micro-Aerobic EGSB Reactor
Authors: Dong Chun Juan , Pan Qing Ye
Published: December 2014

Treatment of actual coking wastewater considered to be difficult by traditional systems. The present study is related to treatment of actual coking wastewater through microaerobic EGSB reactor. The study showed the EGSB reactor could attain about 75% high COD removal. IncreasingVupcould strength COD removal. Moreover, high sludge concentration and profound communal synergism existing within the dense granules were very important. As a result of the kinetic analysis of the EGSB reactor treating actual coking wastewater for COD removal using a modified Stover–Kincannon model, the maximum substrate utilization rate,vmax, half saturation constant,KS, inhibitor constant, KI, actual pollutant removal rate, , and the actual inhibition degree,KS/KIwere determined as 2.65×10-3h-1, 39.57mg.L-1, 415.82mg.L-1, 6.7×10-5h-1.mg-1.L and 0.1(before increasingVup), 7.34×10-3h-1, 19.53mg.L-1, 197.76mg.L-1, 3.7×10-4h-1.mg-1.L and 0.1(after increasingVup), and 9.35×10-3h-1, 6.38mg.L-1, 162.81mg.L-1, 1.47×10-3h-1.mg-1.L and 0.04 (after increasingVupand X), respectively. The inhibition of toxic contaminants in the actual coking wastewater would cause the decreasing of pollutant removal rate, however, enhancing and X (simultaneously optimizing sludge aggregate structure) could strengthen the performance effect.
The Study on Eco-Environmental Influence of Mineral Resource Exploitation - Cased by Yalong River Basin in Jiulong County
Authors: Li Xuan Qiong , He Zheng Wei , Xu Hui Xi , Yu Huan
Published: December 2014

Yalong river basin is located in the southeast of the qinghai-tibetan plateau. This area is the important mineral resources region, where ecological environment problems caused by mineral resources development are uncertain and complicated. It is necessary to understand the influence of mineral resources development urgently and control human activities scientifically. In this paper, the eco-environment influence of mineral resource exploitation is studied on basis of geochemical data and remote science, and dividing into mining point distance, soil type, land cover, vegetation coverage and the soil erosion. The method of principal component analysis is adopted to sort the corresponding degree of various factors. Then the impact of mineral resources development on ecological environmental factors can be mastered overall, which providing decision basis for mining development measures.
Application of Ultra-Heavy Oil Well Completion Technique in Heat Insulated Casings
Authors: Yang Yan Lin , Tan Xin , Zhang Fan , Xu Xiao Ming
Published: December 2014

The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. To improve the injection steam enthalpy is the key technology in ultra-heavy oil thermal development. The wellbore heat insulation technology is needed to keep the process of steam injection hot enthalpy, to reduce heat loss utmost, to prevent the damage of the casings and cement mantle in high-temperature steam. The conventional cased-hole completions require the borehole thermally insulating insulation technology in thermal recovery, and generally adopt insulated tubing steam injection, ordinary tubing transfer pumping, which will cause frequent operations and enlarge the accidental risks caused by a number of down hole tools which are tripped in wellbore. Insulation casing well completion technology can effectively solve the wellbore insulation problems, and improve the casing and cement mantle security, increase the production rate. The field applications in Henan Oilfield have obtained excellent results; two wells were operated with completion technique by heat insulated casings. Compared with the same types of wells in the pilot test ultra-heavy oil block, the production is about twice as much as those of other wells, and the economic effect is obvious.
Effects of Fractured-Vuggy Porous Media Geometrical Configuration on Oil and Gas Reservoir Pressure Force Field
Authors: Lao Zhen Hua
Published: December 2014

According to the Darcy - Stokes equations of fractured-vuggy porous medium, using COMSOL Multiphysics software, we calculated several typical conceptual model pressure field distribution, analyzed the influence of fractured-vuggy porous medium internal vug and fractured geometric configuration on the pressure field in the model.
Parametric Study of a Horizontal Tube Heat Exchanger for LNG Submerged Combustion Vaporiser
Authors: Li Qing , Duan Zhi Yin , Wang Qing Yu , Liu Rong
Published: December 2014

LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) submerged combustion vaporiser is applied to convert Liquefied natural gas to gas phase natural gas through using the hot combustion gas generated from submerged combustion. This paper investigated the vaporisation and heat transfer process of a single horizontal tube, a simplified model, to simulate the heat transfer of circular tube heat exchanger used in LNG submerged combustion vaporiser. This work provides a useful computer model for the design of heat exchanger used in LNG submerged combustion vaporiser. The overall heat transfer and vaporisation process of the tube was separated into single-phase liquid, two-phase mixture and single-phase vapour heat transfer regions for calculation and analysis. Through development of a dedicated computer model, a parametric study was carried out to analyse the effects of geometrical size and operating conditions on inner surface convective heat transfer of tube. The results of study suggested that the preferable tube surface temperature for design was found between 280 K and 288 K in order to avoid frost deposition. The minimum tube length required for the overall vaporisation is predicted to be about 16 m when the inner tube diameter set between 0.24 m and 0.28 m.
The Research of Biomass Boiler Heating Surface Corrosion
Authors: Gao Qiang , Huang Bo , Lv Wei , Liu Rui Chun , Wang Xin Yu
Published: December 2014

Nowadays against corrosion problems during combustion of biomass boiler heating surface temperature exists for biomass boilers high temperature corrosion dirt sample for analysis of main components, combined with the characteristics of biomass fuels and related documents, studied the corrosion process of alkali metal High temperature corrosion of chloride effect on the heating surface, through a cross-sectional analysis of the morphology of corrosion products that can make a small amount of Cl continuous corrosion reaction, namely Cl plays a catalytic role since the final in order to prevent and delay the high temperature heating surface corrosion problems, the need for integrated control from the boiler design, fuel quality and run into the furnace to adjust and other aspects.
Comparative Study of Various Models to Estimate Hourly Solar Irradiance: Application for Performance Analysis of a Renewable Energy DC-Micro Grid
Authors: Mauledoux Mauricio , Caldas Oscar I. , Mejía-Ruda Edilberto
Published: December 2014

This paper describes the study and analysis of different techniques for online solar irradiance prediction algorithms to properly estimate over the 24 hours of the next day in the “Universidad Militar Nueva Granada” (UMNG) campus at Cajicá, Colombia, in order to use predictions for a model predicted control of a DC-micro grid. These models were designed and tested using MATLAB® software. The performance of models were evaluated and compared among them to determine the best forecasting approach for Cajicá. The absence of seasons and the noisy solar irradiance time series caused by cloudy covering as perturbation are the main particularity of the Cajicá’s climate behavior. A meteorological database from 2010 to 2014 was used to estimate or train the model of prediction ARMAX and NNF, NAR, NARX as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), which were compared with error criteria such as square and absolute error criteria.
Application of Grey Relation Analysis Method in Component-Based Load Modeling
Authors: Qiu Li Ping , Lin Yong , Jin Xiao Ming , Fan Yang , Men Kun , Li Yong , Huang Dong Qi
Published: December 2014

This paper presents the selection methods of typical substations based on grey correlation analysis method, and proposes classification principles of load characteristics. The actual example shows that using this method in process of statistical synthesis method modelling, the typical substations selected could be more representative, and the popularization and application of the modelling results are more accurate and effective.
The Alternating Current Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Characterization of Diatom Cell Activity Affected by Paeonol
Authors: Zhao Shou Huan , Zheng Ji Yong , Yang Jing Ya , Lin Cun Guo , Wang Wei , Qiu Ri , Chen Qi
Published: December 2014

The alternating current scanning electrochemical microscopy (AC-SECM) is an important method to characterize the electrochemical activity of living cells. In this paper, we apply AC-SECM to measure the electrochemical activity of diatom biofilm. We find that the diatom biofilm presents insulating effect to decrease the current, when the electrode is close to the biofilm. The alternating current impedance of diatom biofilm is overall smaller than that of the bare glass. To investigate the possible effect of chemical stimulus on cellular activity, the diatoms were immersed into paeonol solution (100 μg/mL), and AC-SECM imaging experiments were conducted when immersion time reached 20 h, 25 h and 35 h. The AC measurements performed at high frequencies show that phase angle decreases over time, which preliminarily indicates that the cellular activity of diatoms is affected by paeonol.
Antioxidant Properties of Microalgae Protein Hydrolysates Prepared by Neutral Protease Digestion
Authors: Hu Xiao , Yang Xian Qing , Li Lai Hao , Wu Yan Yan , Lin Wan Ling , Huang Hui , Yang Shao Ling
Published: December 2014

Microalgae protein hydrolysates (MPH) were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of defatted microalgae meal using neutral protease. The protein recovery, degree of hydrolysis, and the antioxidant activities of the hydrolysates were investigated. The results demonstrated that hydrolysates prepared by neutral protease at 50 °C for 4 h exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. Under these conditions, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and the reducing power of the hydrolysates were 68.3%, 50.8% and 1.303, respectively.
Determination of Iron Element in Comb Mushroom by ICP-AES
Authors: Xu Ting Ting , Tian Peng
Published: December 2014

Iron is indispensable to make hemoglobin and other iron material elements, is also necessary to exchange and oxygen in the blood of an element, many organisms in REDOX system cannot leave it. Most of the iron distribution in special cells in the body. Using the high pressure nitrifying pot method and wet method and treatment of samples were determined in Comb Mushroom samples Fe element content, the determination results are shown in table 2. High pressure nitrifying pot method relative standard deviation of Fe element is 3.689%; Wet method to determine the relative standard deviation of Fe elementt is 5.473%. Visible high pressure nitrifying pot method and treatment of samples of precision of the measuring precision and wet processing samples are relatively good, the measuring precision of the former better. By comparison, high pressure nitrifying pot method specific humidity method to deal with the sample good measuring precision, higher accuracy, and the measurement process to save time.
The Research on Neural Network Diagnosis and Treatment System of Child Mental Health Disorders
Authors: Chen Bing Mei , Zhou Han Wen , Fan Xiao Ping , Li Xue Rong , Zhou Zhi Ming
Published: December 2014

The research of diagnosis and treatment system of child mental health disorders is based on artificial neural network and expert system. It combines the diagnosis standard of ICD 10, DSM IV with 40 years clinical experiences and knowledge of senior child psychiatrists. It also combines computer science with child psychiatry, child psychology, psychological estimate, psychological therapy and so on. The learning samples come from the epidemiological data in more than a dozen nationwide hospitals. The correct rate of system diagnosis is 99%. The system can diagnose 61 kinds of child mental health disorders and give a treatment method suggestion.
Design of Greenhouse Environment Measurement and Control System Based on Super Wi-Fi
Authors: Wu Jun Hui , Hu Ting , Chen Jie , Si Hui Ping , Lin Kai Yan
Published: December 2014

In recent years, ZigBee technology is widely used in the greenhouse environment measurement and control system, however, its poor penetration and low anti-interference capacity limit its more applications. To solve these problems, a greenhouse environment measurement and control system based on super Wi-Fi was designed. In this paper the concept of super Wi-Fi is introduced, the superiority of super Wi-Fi is showed though comparing with several other communication technologies, protocol stack of super Wi-Fi is also developed. The structure of greenhouse environment measurement and control system based on super Wi-Fi is also introduced and terminal wireless sensor network node was designed, finally this paper draws the conclusion that this system has the features of long transmission distance, good anti-jamming, low power consumption,but it has poor real-time performance, which need to be improved.
Multi-Sensor Target Recognition Using VIKOR Combined with G1 Method
Authors: Zheng Hui
Published: December 2014

The aim of this paper is to propose a new multi-sensor target recognition method based on VIKOR method. Multi-sensor target recognition is an important part of information fusion. The multi-sensor target recognition problem contains many factors, and thus it is actually a multi-attribute decision problem. The new multi-sensor target recognition method combines the VIKOR method with G1 method. G1 method is an objectively determining weights method, and it does not need to test the consistency of judgment matrix, thus it is better than AHP. A practical example is studied to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.