bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Vaishnava Theatrical Performance in Nepal: The Kāttī-pyākhã of Lalitpur City
Authors: Toffin Gérard
Published: July 2012

Every year, during the lunar month of Kārtik (October–November), the Newars of Lalit­pur city (Nepal) stage a theatrical play called kāttī-pyākhã . Despite changes over the ages, this performance, which dated back to the seventeenth century, is a relic of ancient medieval Newar theatre. It is mainly Vaishnava in character, though it includes also some Shaivite features and comic interludes. The present article is an ethnographic account of this enduring tradition. It also explores the religious and cultural contact of the play, as well as its aesthetics codes and languages.
How Not to Act like a Woman: Gender Ideology and Humor in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Spiller Henry
Published: July 2012

In West Java, Indonesia, hosts of hajat (life-cycle event celebrations) hire performing arts troupes to provide entertainment. In addition to typical music and dance acts, one troupe—the Rawit Group—presents a comedy skit called lawakan . This article analyzes one such skit from 1999—just after the fall of President Soeharto's New Order government. The centerpiece of the skit is a parody of two performing traditions that feature professional female entertainers: pop Sunda (diatonic pop songs in Sundanese language) and wayang golek (rod puppet theatre with accompaniment that includes virtuosic female singing). In both traditions, female performers routinely exaggerate their feminine attributes. This female entertainer, however, is portrayed by a man in comically unconvincing drag. Hilarity ensues as the other comedians urge the drag performer to conform to New Order feminine ideals of appearance and behavior, but s/he confounds them at every turn. In the process, the three men reinforce traditional Sundanese understandings of how the illusion of femininity is actively created through visual means (e.g., artifices of dress) and sonic elements (e.g., singing and speaking styles), and conventions of movement. In the process, they challenge New Order gender policies and point the way toward a return to tried and true Sundanese ideologies of gender.
Singing in the Workplace: Salarymen and Amateur Nō Performance
Authors: Moore Katrina L.
Published: July 2012

This paper sheds light on the amateur practitioner, who is essential to the constitution of nō as a source of revenue for sustaining performers who teach and as a conduit for the transmission of artistic traditions. Select amateur enthusiasts are important for reinforc­ing the structure of the iemoto (family head) system in nō . Drawing on ethnographic research, I examine how the process of learning nō intertwines with the working life of the salaryman (salaried worker), and how the rigors and pleasures of learning nō on a particular meaning in the context of his working life. The analysis focuses on the decades from the aftermath of World War II to the 1990s, the era in which the salarymen featured in this article worked in these companies. It also traces the rise and decline of this form of corporate-sponsored workplace recreation and considers the implications of this decline for the future of nō .
Gender, Power, and Puppets: Two Early Women Dalangs in Bali
Authors: Goodlander Jennifer
Published: July 2012

About twenty-five years ago many traditional Balinese performing arts that had been considered "male-only" began to be performed by women. These arts included dancing, music, masked drama, and shadow puppetry. Wayang kulit , or shadow puppetry, is one of the most important performance genres in Bali because of its status as ritual and entertainment. This paper examines two of the earliest women puppeteers, or dalangs , within the context of the society and politics, especially the state-sponsored arts academies, surrounding their work in wayang kulit . Even though these women were joined by other female students and performers, the number of women dalangs remains slight and few are choosing this path of performance today.
Gender, Tradition, and Culture in Translation: Reading the Onnagata in English
Authors: Episale Frank
Published: July 2012

A survey of the literature published in English on the practice of the kabuki onnagata is given in relation to readings of contemporary gender theory and issues of female representation in and exclusion from the form. Scholarly cross-cultural readings in Japanese theatre are probed.
Negotiating Class, Taste, and Culture via the Arts Scene in Singapore: Postcolonial or Cosmopolitan Global?
Authors: Wong Melissa Wansin
Published: July 2012

The state of selected theatre productions in Singapore reflects the complexity of the nation-state's identity as both a postcolonial entity and a cosmopolitan city situating itself as a major player in the global economy. Using Pierre Bourdieu's theories on symbolic violence and the interexchangeability of different forms of capital, this paper demonstrates how class, taste, and cultural consumption both reflect and are reflected by the nation's postioning in the neo-liberal milieu.
Personal Sorrow: Cải Lương and the Politics of North and South Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Khai Thu
Published: July 2012

The over-amplification of the Vietnamese "reformed opera" cải lương and a critique of its "excessive" nature facilitated the Vietnamese Communist Party's erasure of southern cul­ture and rebuilding of a unified new socialist state at the end of the Vietnam-American war. While cải lương became a metonymy for southern culture and terrain by marking the south as a "melodramatic" space in need of purification, a reformed cải lương was also used by the communist state to call abject and feminized citizens home in the creation of a new, unified nation.
Form and Matter in Later Latin Medieval Logic: The Cases of Suppositio and Consequentia
Authors: Novaes Catarina Dutilh
Published: July 2012

The paper investigates the influence of Aristotelian metaphysics, especially of the concepts of form and matter, in the development of Latin medieval logical theories, in particular theories of consequence and theories of supposition. More specifically, it presents the main lines in the development of the concepts of formal/material consequence and formal/material supposition in the 13 th and 14 th centuries. It is suggested that the growing influence of Aristotelian metaphysics in the 13 th century is an important element in the development of these logical theories; nevertheless, the early stages of these theories pre-date the rediscovery of Aristotle's metaphysics in the 13 th century. Indeed, other relevant channels of transmission of the metaphysical concepts of form and matter to logical contexts are discussed: the Prior Analytics commentaries of the ancient commentators, Arabic texts, and the neo-Platonic metaphysics of the grammarian tradition stemming from Priscian.
The Metaphysical Fact of Consciousness in Locke's Theory of Personal Identity
Authors: Weinberg Shelley
Published: July 2012

Locke's theory of personal identity was philosophically groundbreaking for its attempt to establish a non-substantial identity condition. Locke states, "For the same consciousness being preserv'd, whether in the same or different Substances, the personal Identity is preserv'd" (II.xxvii.13). Many have interpreted Locke to think that consciousness identifies a self both synchronically and diachronically by attributing thoughts and actions to a self. Thus, many have attributed to Locke a memory theory of personal identity. But memory theories taken as metaphysical theories stumble on circularity. In response, some have attributed to Locke an appropriation theory of personal identity. Appropriation theory interpretations, however, are insufficient for Locke's moral theory insofar as he is committed to a theory of divine rectification. God must have something objective to look to in determining our eternal rewards. The common problem is that for coherence Locke's theory seems to demand an objective, or metaphysical, fact of a continuing consciousness that does not appeal to a traditional notion of substance for the continuity. I am suggesting something new. In II.xxvii of the Essay , we see an ambiguity in Locke's use of the term 'consciousness'. Locke seems to see consciousness as both a mental state by means of which we are aware of ourselves as perceiving and as the ongoing self we are aware of in these conscious states. The first sense of consciousness is a momentary psychological state of myself as perceiving, say, past and present ideas. The second sense of consciousness is the objective fact of an ongoing consciousness. First, I make the textual argument why we should read Locke as having a conception of a metaphysical fact of a continuing consciousness that does not appeal to thinking or bodily substance to establish its continuity. That is, consciousness is something that endures through our momentary conscious states of ourselves even if the full duration of a continuing consciousness is known only by God. I then argue that the metaphysical fact of an enduring consciousness is revealed to us as a phenomenological fact of experience. Due to the nature of certain kinds of perceptual situations we have an experience of ourselves as temporally extended. Nevertheless, the metaphysical fact of consciousness is philosophically distinguished from the phenomenological fact. Although the text bears out that Locke seemed to think there is a fact of an ongoing consciousness, I argue that it is consistent with his reluctance elsewhere that he makes no further epistemological or ontological claims about it. Finally, I provide an account of Locke's understanding of memory and its relation to consciousness that supports the claim that consciousness is something ontologically distinct from either thinking or bodily substance.
The Generality of Kant's Transcendental Logic
Authors: Tolley Clinton
Published: July 2012

What is the nature of Kant's new 'transcendental' logic, and how is it to
differ from the traditional logic? Many have argued that transcendental
logic is distinguished by the domain of understanding it investigates -
whether by focusing on a domain excluded from traditional logic, or by
focusing a more specific domain. Here I argue that transcendental logic
should not be characterized by a difference in domain at all, but rather in
terms of the aspect of understanding at issue: while traditional logic
investigates the form of understanding, transcendental logic studies its
content. This interpretation fits better with Kant's claim that the
transcendental-logical categories and the traditional-logical forms
"completely coincide." It also clarifies Kant's doctrine of the spontaneity
of our understanding, by highlighting what our understanding is capable of
achieving on its own.
The End of LDP Dominance and the Rise of Party-Oriented Politics in Japan
Authors: Reed Steven R. , Scheiner Ethan , Thies Michael F.
Published: July 2012

The loss of power by the Liberal Democratic Party after more than half a century of dominance was the most obvious outcome of Japan’s 2009 election, but together the 2005 and 2009 elections demonstrate significant shifts in both the foundations of party support and the importance of national swings in support for one party or another. Since 2005, urban-rural differences in the foundations of the leading parties have changed dramatically, and Japan has moved from a system dominated by locally based, individual candidacies toward a two-party system in which both party popularity and personal characteristics influence electoral success or failure.
Doi Takeo and the Rehabilitation of Particularism in Postwar Japan
Authors: Borovoy Amy
Published: July 2012

This essay explores the persuasive power of Takeo Doi’s idea of amae. Doi’s description of Japanese cultural psychology as rooted in sensitivity, innocence, and passivity allowed him to provide a comfortable return to the values of familiality, paternalism, and beneficent authority, in a way that could be embraceable in the context of postwar democracy. The essay situates Doi’s ideas in the context of postwar liberalism and explores his engagement with Christian writers, whose ideals of humility and deference allowed Doi to link Japanese particularism with Western humanism. It also explores his analysis of Natsume Sōseki’s novels.
Rethinking “Leprosy Prevention”: Entrepreneurial Doctors, Popular Journalism, and the Civic Origins of Biopolitics
Authors: Burns Susan L.
Published: July 2012

Since the 1990s, Japan’s leprosy prevention policy has been the object of investigation by historians, journalists, and activists. The 1931 law that required the lifetime segregation of all those diagnosed with the disease was not repealed until 1996. This essay seeks to explore the origins of modern leprosy policy by examining the early Meiji discourse on leprosy that predated the involvement of the Japanese government. It argues that entrepreneurs who marketed leprosy “cures” and Meiji journalists who celebrated their efforts played an important role in defining attitudes toward this disease and thus contributed to the formation of a new biopolitics.
African Elections: Two Divergent Trends
Authors: Opalo Kennedy Ochieng’
Published: July 2012

This essay examines the existing variation in democratization trajectories in African states since the early 1990s. In particular, it shows that variations are tightly correlated with the quality of legislative elections. Evidence presented suggests a potential mechanism to explain the “democratization through elections” hypothesis. African states with clean legislative elections also exhibit a trend toward greater democratization. A brief presentation of the cases of Cameroon and Zambia show that legislative empowerment is key to democratization.
Putinism Under Siege: Implosion, Atrophy, or Revolution?
Authors: Shevtsova Lilia
Published: July 2012

Abstract:
Following the 2011–12 Russian elections that sparked a wave of protests ended the era of Putin’s status quo, a newly awakened Russia is now asking of series of questions, such as how to transform the current system and who will be the actors to lead the transformation. Putin’s regime is clearly now in decline, but it is unclear whether the death knell has sounded for the “Russian System”— a combination of personal rule, the merger of power and assets, and a self-perpetuating statist-militarist model. Once can conclude, however, that the Russian system cannot be reformed from the top and that real transformation will come only through pressure from citizens.
The Surprising Success of Multiparty Presidentialism
Authors: Pereira Carlos , Melo Marcus André
Published: July 2012

The common wisdom is that when presidential political systems coincide with multiparty systems the result is gridlock; parties squabble and presidents are not able to stitch together the majorities they need to move forward with the business of governing. Latin America’s presidential systems were supposed to have been a disaster. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, however, presidentialism and multipartism seem to work rather well. E pur se muove , to quote Galileo. Over the last decade or so, multiparty presidentialism has become the modal form of presidential democracy, especially in Latin America. Once thought to be a precursor of democratic breakdowns, no compelling explanations have emerged to account for its success in countries such as Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. The surprising sustainability of coalition-based presidentialism demands an explanation, yet political scientists are ill-equipped to answer this puzzle.
Putinism Under Siege: An Autopsy of Managed Democracy
Authors: Krastev Ivan , Holmes Stephen
Published: July 2012

Abstract:
Although they have quieted down as quickly as they flared up, the clamorous protests that followed the dishonest Russian legislative elections in December 2011 have essentially destroyed Putin’s regime, the infamous “managed democracy.” In order to unravel the enigma of “managed democracy,” we need to answer a few simple questions: What is the political function of rigged elections for a government that has never really pretended to be a democracy? Why have rigged elections under Putin seemed both meaningless and indispensable? Why has Putin regularly rigged presidential elections when he has been well positioned to win them even if competition were free and fair? And why did the Kremlin rig elections in a manner so flagrant that nobody could doubt that they were rigged and that the Kremlin was doing the rigging?
The DRC’s Crumbling Legitimacy
Authors: Dizolele Mvemba Phezo , Kambale Pascal Kalume
Published: July 2012

The 2011 elections were the first polls of the postconflict period in which the government of the DRC, rather than the international community, drove the process, providing most of the funds and managing most aspects of the balloting. Credible elections would have marshaled the political and social forces necessary to consolidate peace and democracy. Instead, the Congolese government and its international partners failed to live up to these promises and expectations. The presidential majority’s determination to maintain power at all costs and the international actors’ lack of commitment to democracy in the DRC have led to a paralyzing crisis of legitimacy.
Putinism Under Siege: The Strange Alliance of Democrats and Nationalists
Authors: Popescu Nicu
Published: July 2012

Abstract:
Adrift without the ideological compass of Soviet communism, almost every political force in post-Soviet Russia has flirted at one time or another with nationalism. Russia’s disputed December 2011 parliamentary elections triggered the biggest popular protests in the country of the past two decades. One of the most striking and unexpected features of these events was the partnership of liberals and nationalists in the ranks of the protesters. It is not clear how long the cooperation between these two groups will persist, but the extent to which they are able to join their efforts is likely to have a critical effect on the future of Russian politics.
Senegal: What Will Turnover Bring?
Authors: Kelly Catherine Lena
Published: July 2012

Despite Senegal’s democratic reputation after the Senegalese Democratic Party unseated the Socialists in 2000, the regime actually remained competitive authoritarian under President Abdoulaye Wade (2000–12). In the March presidential election, Wade lost to Macky Sall, leader of the Alliance for the Republic (APR) party. Paradoxically, Wade’s repression and pursuit of a constitutionally questionable third term fostered developments that could eventually trigger full democratization. Recent politicization of civil society has increased the scope of opposition coordination. The citizen mobilization that occurred through the Assises Nationales and the June 23 Movement (M23) may constrain Sall and help him rule with transparency.
Putinism Under Siege: The Protesters and The Public
Authors: Volkov Denis
Published: July 2012

Abstract:
In the December 2011 protests that shook Russia, civic mobilization took place in two phases: first, in the form of a protest vote during the December State Duma elections, and second, in the postelection street protests in Moscow and in Russia’ s larger regional capitals. To its credit, the Russian opposition was able to quickly tie the problem of electoral fraud to the current structure of the Russian political system, and to speedily organize large protest rallies in response. Yet more needs to be done.
Hungary’s Illiberal Turn: How Things Went Wrong
Authors: Rupnik Jacques
Published: July 2012

Abstract:
Students of the Central and Eastern Europe long saw Hungary as a leading post-1989 “success story”—both because the country’s exit from communism was smoothly negotiated and because it appeared to have consolidated its democracy so quickly. Yet the “electoral revolution” unleashed by Viktor Orban’s Fidesz party following its April 2010 parliamentary-election victory—including the adoption of a new constitution and passage of some 350 bills that have profoundly affected the very foundations of the rule of law—has scholars of democratization in the region now considering the possibility of a transition away from democracy.
Putinism Under Siege: Can There Be a Color Revolution?
Authors: Wolchik Sharon L.
Published: July 2012

Abstract:
The December 2011 protests in Russia raised the question of whether the Putin regime could fall to a “color” or electoral revolution like those that have ousted other autocratic regimes in postcommunist Europe and Eurasia over the past decade and a half. Valerie Bunce and I concluded that, in these prior cases, the main factor distinguishing successful from failed attempts was the extent to which an “electoral model” of regime change was implemented. Structural factors, particularly a vulnerable incumbent, played some role in the success of electoral breakthroughs, but the main explanation, we found, lay in the implementation of the electoral model.
Hungary’s Illiberal Turn: Disabling the Constitution
Authors: Bánkuti Miklós , Halmai Gábor , Scheppele Kim Lane
Published: July 2012

Abstract:
Hungary’s 2010 election brought to power a Fidesz parliamentary supermajority led by Prime Minister Viktor Orban. In just two years, they have fundamentally changed the constitutional order of Hungary. The current government now has very few checks on its own power, but the new constitutional order permits the governing party to lodge its loyalists in crucial long-term positions with veto power over what future governments might do. As a result, the Fidesz government has achieved a remarkable constitutional feat: giving themselves maximum room for maneuver while simultaneously entrenching their power, their policies and their people for the foreseeable future.
Turkey and Thailand: Unlikely Twins
Authors: McCargo Duncan , Zarakol Ayşe
Published: July 2012

This article compares recent political developments in two seemingly different countries: Turkey and Thailand. The similarities between the trajectories of Turkey and Thailand date back to their similar manner of incorporation into the modern international system in the late nineteenth century. In recent years, the rise of new societal groups based upon urbanized villagers has produced charismatic populist leaders who preach democracy, but practise electoralism. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Thaksin Shinawatra are locked in parallel confrontations with traditionally interventionist military/bureaucratic elites. A comparison between Thailand and Turkey provides insights that are generally applicable to our understanding of democratization outside the West.
The Transformation of the Arab World
Authors: Roy Olivier
Published: July 2012

In order to grasp what is happening in the Middle East, we must set aside a number of deep-rooted prejudices. First among them is the assumption that democracy presupposes secularization: The democratization movement in the Arab world came precisely after thirty years of what has been called the “return of the sacred,” an obvious process of re-Islamization of everyday life, coupled with the rise of Islamist parties. The second is the idea that a democrat must also, by definition, be a liberal. What is at stake is the reformulation of religion’s place in the public sphere.
Hungary’s Illiberal Turn: Can Outsiders Help?
Authors: Jenne Erin K. , Mudde Cas
Published: July 2012

Abstract:
Hungary’s ‘constitutional revolution’ presents the most significant case of democratic backsliding in the European Union to date. The illiberal constitution, introduced by the Orbán government and protected by a host of new appointees, undermines the independence of various political institutions and guarantees virtually unlimited powers for the ruling party. But it also challenges the core values of the European Union, while underscoring significant limitations of supranational community in regulating the more troublesome behavior of its member states. In this article, we identify the key weaknesses of the main domestic and international actors in resisting Orbá’s constitutional revolution and show why a Hungarian ‘colored revolution’ is most likely not in the cards. In a final section, we highlight some promising developments within Hungarian civil society, which deserve direct and indirect support from the international community.
Educational Expansion and the Role of Demographic Factors: The Case of West Germany
Authors: Buis Maarten L. , Mönkediek Bastian , Hillmert Steffen
Published: July 2012

To what degree and extent is the educational distribution in successive generations affected by parental differential fertility and social inequalities in educational attainment? Lower educated women, for example, are likely to have more children than higher educated women, and the children of lower educated mothers are more likely to attain less education than the children of higher educated mothers. This may lead to a downward pressure on the average level of education in the next generation. The aim of this article is to quantify the role of these mechanisms for West Germany in the 20 th century. This is done by simulating the distribution of education under different scenarios: a reference scenario in which all rates correspond to the empirically observed rates, a scenario that completely removes differential fertility, a scenario that completely removes inequality of educational opportunity, and a scenario that greatly increases the amount of differential fertility. The main finding is that the observed levels of inequality of educational opportunity and differential fertility are too small to result in a meaningful impact on the distribution of education in the subsequent generation. Both the first and the second scenario lead to only minor changes in the distribution of education compared with the reference scenario. However, in principle differential fertility could have a noticeable effect. This is illustrated by the results from the last scenario in which fertility of the lowest educated women is greatly increased. In such an extreme but not impossible society the average education would be considerably lower than in the reference scenario.
Travel Writing in The English Woman's Journal (1858-1864): An Area of Leisure in the Context of Women's Work
Authors: Korte Barbara
Published: July 2012

Victorian women travelled and wrote about their travels in great numbers. While the travel books of some of these women have been critically discussed, research has almost completely ignored the material to be found in Victorian magazines, where women published accounts of their travels and sketched destinations that might be attractive for other ladies' peregrinations. This article focuses one of these magazines, the English Woman's Journal , an important publication of the mid-Victorian women's movement. It discusses this Journal 's special take on travel and travel's status as an important yet also precarious leisure activity for bourgeois women, against the backdrop of the magazine's prominent discussion of female work.
Wilde Pedagogy: Digitized Resources and Gender Analysis of Periodical Visuality
Authors: Hughes Linda K.
Published: July 2012

This essay describes an assignment asking students enrolled in "Wilde Years: Oscar Wilde and the 1890s" to locate a cartoon or image in Punch , the Yellow Book, or Savoy and analyze this visual image in relation to the discourses of gender, aestheticism, and/or decadence. In addition, based upon a survey of student practices and attitudes involved in the assignment, this essay considers the impact of newly-available digitized archives on pedagogy. Not surprisingly, students favored searching for material online rather than using hard copies in the library, but they also reported challenges in searching for images. The essay concludes by considering the relation between digital resources and the quality of students' completed work.
Digitization in Teaching and Learning: The Publisher's View
Authors: Cayley Seth
Published: July 2012

When publishers such as Cengage Learning began digitizing historical newspapers, the expectation was that these would be resources for research. Yet increasingly there is a desire to integrate digital resources into teaching and learning workflows. This presents a number of opportunities, but also some key challenges. Students are not as tech-savvy as the label "digital natives" might have us believe and thus need guidance. There is also a danger that material unavailable digitally will be ignored. Finally, using digital resources is not a replacement for teaching the nature and context of primary sources. Publishers can help address these challenges.
Poetry and Politics in The Women's Penny Paper/Woman's Herald , 1888-1893: "One swift, bright fore-gleam of celestial day"
Authors: Gray Elizabeth
Published: July 2012

A close contextual reading of the poetry printed in the Women's Penny Paper (later the Woman's Herald ), published 1888-1893, reveals that apparent ideological contradictions between the prose and poetic elements of the paper may reveal complementarity as much as inconsistency. The paper's political aspirations are re-envisioned in conventional poetry as a state of future exaltation compatible with Christian belief. Poetry helps bridge the disjuncture between political and domestic ideals of womanhood; extends the empathetic impact of journalistic reporting; enables feminist redeployment of biblical paradigms; and ultimately helps create a myth of divinised femininity sanctioning the appeal for political rights.
Digital Detectives: Rediscovering the Scholar Adventurer
Authors: Nicholson Bob
Published: July 2012

These are exciting times. The emergence of digital newspaper archives is presently transforming the possibilities of our research. The vast, unexplored terrain of nineteenth-century periodicals is now opening up to us; every meeting of the Research Society for Victorian Periodicals brings with it news of exciting new discoveries. This article argues that we need to extend this thrill of discovery into the classroom. It starts by discussing the pioneering online archives that first sparked my own (rather unexpected) love for history, before discussing how I have recently attempted to integrate these resources into my teaching.
Nationalism, Cosmopolitanism, and the Politics of Collecting in The Connoisseur: An Illustrated Magazine for Collectors , 1901-1914
Authors: Mahoney Kristin
Published: July 2012

This essay examines attitudes towards the practice of collecting represented in the Connoisseur: An Illustrated Magazine for Collectors between 1901 and 1914 under its first editor, J. T. Herbert Baily. I argue that contributors to the magazine worked to reformulate collecting in response to the Victorian critique of the practice, which emphasized the collector's narcissistic tendency to disregard the historical alterity of objects. This revised mode of collecting, which attends carefully to contexts of origin, often led its practitioners to consider the national significance of artifacts. The magazine reflects the complicated political results of this revision of collecting practices as it intertwines aggressive nationalism with cosmopolitanism and merges cultural imperialism with a critique of globalization.
Teaching and Learning with the Periodical Poetry Index
Authors: Houston Natalie M. , Lawrence Lindsy , Patrick April
Published: July 2012

The Periodical Poetry Index is an open access online research database of citations to English-language poems published in nineteenth-century periodicals. This project expands access to scholarly sources for students and teachers; encourages research methods that take advantage of the nature of print culture; makes available our own research process that evolves with and through the index; and foregrounds collaboration across institutional and geographic locations. We also offer examples of how teachers might use the index in graduate and undergraduate surveys, poetry courses, research methods and bibliography courses, and digital humanities courses.
Accommodating Chinese morality with western citizenship? An analysis of the moral and civic education school curriculum in Macau
Authors: Tse Thomas Kwan-choi
Published: July 2012

By comparison with other jurisdictions, for a long time Macau has had an atypical education system and an absence of an official curriculum. Significant socio-political changes from the mid-1980s onwards caused moral and civic education to become an official goal of education reform.
In 1995, the government published official syllabuses for moral and civic education at both primary and secondary level for the first time. This article analyses these syllabuses with a special reference to the domains of morality and citizenship. Moral and civic education initially develops
students' traditional moral concepts and good habits, and gradually proceeds to understanding the relationships between individuals and groups in different settings. The civic outlook promoted converges with the tradition of 'communitarianism' in the West. Using Macau, one special Chinese
society, as a case study, this article illustrates a fusion of Chinese morality and western citizenship, as well as the tensions involved.
Discipline in UK immigration, citizenship and education policy: The impact of English-language testing on adult migrants
Authors: Williamson Elaine
Published: July 2012

A growth in transnational mobility as a result of globalization has led to many countries experiencing increased and more diverse migratory flows. The response at the level of the nation state has been a general move towards more stringent immigration and naturalization policies. In
several countries this has included the introduction of knowledge and language testing for those applying for citizenship and a pre-language requirement as a condition of entry for some migrants.
Community languages, the arts and transformative pedagogy: Developing active citizenship for the twenty-first century
Authors: Anderson Jim , Chung Yu-Chiao
Published: July 2012

There are good grounds for believing that linguistic and intercultural competence are more important than ever as part of a preparation for global citizenship and for life in multicultural societies. In this context community languages represent a valuable potential resource both for
the individual and for society and yet they have consistently been marginalized within mainstream British education. Consequently there has been a failure to locate community languages clearly within a coherent policy framework on language and literacy and to recognize significant links to
policies on inclusion, community cohesion and citizenship. With regard to pedagogy, community languages have been caught between foreign language and mother tongue models. Neither model meets the needs of a majority of background learners for whom English is, or rapidly becomes, the dominant
language. This study locates itself within developments taking place in Britain and elsewhere to build pedagogies that meet this gap. During a two-year project, funded by The Nuffield Foundation, we investigated the importance of arts-based creativity for the teaching of Arabic, Chinese, Panjabi
and Tamil in four London schools, two mainstream and two complementary (voluntary, community based). Key findings arising from analysis clustered around four broad areas: language and literacy, cognition, intercultural understanding, and personal and social development. In this article we
reanalyse the data from a citizenship perspective and present findings under headings that identify key processes within the national curriculum programme of study for citizenship, namely: critical thinking and enquiry, advocacy and representation and taking informed and responsible action.
In so doing we make transparent the deep connections between community languages, arts-based creativity and cosmopolitan citizenship. Informing this is a transformative approach to pedagogy that challenges traditional curriculum models, recognizes 'funds of knowledge' in the home and community
and prioritizes learner agency and empowerment.
Four questions about the educational potential of social media for promoting civic engagement
Authors: Davies Ian , Bennett Lance , Loader Brian , Mellor Suzanne , Vromen Ariadne , Coleman Stephen , Xenos Mike
Published: July 2012

We explore the educational potential of social networking sites (SNS) for developing civic engagement among young people. Following a consideration of contextual matters we discuss four key issues in the development of civic engagement through social media: the extent of use of social
media; civic engagement and possible congruence with SNS; the processes and outcomes that could be experienced by students and teachers for educational purposes when using social media for civic engagement; and, whether or not those processes may lead to improved achievement and attainment.
We argue there is a need for research that discovers what motivates young people to use social media for civic engagement, what they do when so engaged and what perceived and actual impact occur as a result of such interactions. That research should lead to clear recommendations to enhance
civic engagement for those who are currently involved as well as others.
Increase in knowledge about the European Union in political education lessons: Results of an intervention study
Authors: Weisseno Georg , Eck Valentin
Published: July 2012

The present study examined predictions of increased learning effectiveness in connection with WebQuest as a self-instructional learning environment in the context of political education. Analyses were based on the data of 502 students from nineth- and tenth-grade classes from middle-track
(German: Realschulen) and high-track (German: Gymnasien) German secondary schools. In the framework of the TEESAEC project, lessons employing WebQuest were compared with teacher-directed lessons in a total of 22 classes. This study does not support the effectiveness of new types of teaching
methods in comparison to traditional teaching methods. While girls clearly profited more from the lesson series than boys, there was no substantial influence of sex on prior knowledge. Adolescents with a Turkish migration background performed considerably poorer and those with a southern European
background somewhat poorer in the pre-test than adolescents without a migration background. With regard to political interest, it was found that while interest in politics in Germany exerted a positive influence on prior knowledge, specific interest in European politics did not explain any
unique variance. Pupils may generally profit from parents' cultural capital and too little from political education lessons. The results of the study suggest that motivation and academic self-concept represent factors that are more important than the specific methods applied when it comes
to lesson efficiency.
REVIEWS
Authors: Davies Ian , Hasumi Jiro , Mead Nick
Published: July 2012

VANISHED KINGDOMS, THE HISTORY OF HALF FORGOTTEN EUROPE, NORMAN DAVIES (2011) London: Allen Lane, 848 pp., ISBN: 978-1846143380, h/bk, £30.00

RETHINKING CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION: A CURRICULUM FOR PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY, TRISTAN McCOWAN (2012) London: Continuum Intl Pub Group,
232 pp., ISBN: 978-1441156310, p/bk, £24.99

CIVIC REPUBLICANISM AND CIVIC EDUCATION, ANDREW PETERSON (2011) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 200 pp., ISBN: 978-0-230-25194-6, h/bk, £50
McLuhan and Phenomenology
Authors: Ralon Laureano , Vieta Marcelo
Published: July 2012

This article builds on the notion that McLuhan is "beyond categorization" in the sense that his thought—much like the media of communication he sought to understand—is in constant flux. Attempts to reduce the multiple resonances of McLuhan's work to an explicit
"message" or text, either by erroneously assigning ready-made labels such as "technological determinism" or by uncritically worshipping an accumulation of mummified insights, are destined to fail. McLuhan should be engaged by an authentic appropriation of the possibilities
inherent in his work. This requires apprehending his work as a medium (a body of thought to think from, through, and with) rather than containing hard truths to be understood explicitly. The key is to engage with his probes as explorations at the level of ground; it is about deploying his
insights in order to uncover "areas of inattention"—that is, digging up possibilities for interpreting mediated reality from out of unlikely regions in his oeuvre. A mostly unexplored area of inquiry within McLuhan studies is the connection between the perceptual model of his
"general media theory" and Heideggerian-inspired phenomenologies. This article brings McLuhan's media theory—grounded on the senses, embodiment, and mediation-into conversation with existential phenomenology—grounded on perception, existence, and lived-through world experience.
This article plumbs an unexplored hidden existential side to McLuhan that should be examined for the mutual benefit of McLuhan studies, media theory, and phenomenology.Heidegger surfboards along on the electronic wave as triumphantly as Descartes rode on the mechanical wave. —Marshall
McLuhan (1962)Existentialism offers a philosophy of structures, rather than categories, and of total social involvement instead of the bourgeois spirit of individual separateness or points of view. —Marshall McLuhan (1964)[P]henomenology [is] that which I have been presenting
for many years in non-technical terms. —Marshall McLuhan (Letter to Roger Poole, July 24, 1978)
Deleuze’s Relay and Extension of McLuhan: An Ethical Exploration
Authors: Zhang Peter
Published: July 2012

This article highlights under-articulated resonances between McLuhan and Deleuze—two philosophers of communication. It illustrates how Deleuze actively used McLuhan as a mediator for his philosophical speculation, how he picked up a whole volley of McLuhan's probes and relaunched
them in a new direction, giving them a distinct Spinozian ethical undertone. The article indicates with its very texture that bringing the two philosophers together creates a resonating interval in between and serves to shed new light on both philosophers' work. An ethical preoccupation runs
through the entire article. After affirmatively critiquing select vectors of influence and extension, the essay also points to directions for further research.I am an intellectual thug who has been slowly accumulating a private arsenal with every intention of using it. In a mindless age
every insight takes on the character of a lethal weapon. Every man of good will is the enemy of society. Marshall McLuhan (1987, p. 227)The key thing, as Nietzsche said, is that thinkers are always shooting arrows into the air, and other thinkers pick them up and shoot them in another
direction. Gilles Deleuze (1995, p. 118)
Death by PowerPoint? A Media Ecology Examination of the Debates Over Slideware
Authors: Jenkins Eric
Published: July 2012

Through a media ecology perspective, this article examines the debates over slideware. Opponents indict slideware for promoting sophistry and deadening speakers and audiences, yet they implicate public speaking in general rather than inherent attributes of slideware. Proponents, however,
draw on the same topoi, validating slideware as a neutral tool for transmission of the speaker's content. Slideware, instead, should be understood as responding to the remediation of public speaking and the cultural influences of electronic media (transmediation). This media environment alters
audience expectations and perceptions, providing new possibilities for slideware and expanding the domain of rhetorical study.
The Body Electric: Notions of Self and Identity in the Age of Virtual Reality
Authors: Scott Robert B.
Published: July 2012

This article begins by exploring the relationship between Walt Whitman's "body electric" and Marshall McLuhan's "discarnate man." It then applies the concepts of body arising from that discussion to the changes that have occurred in Western culture's notion of "self,"
"identity," and particularly "the body" as a consequence of the development of virtual reality and immersive systems in the past two decades. An overview of the writings of various cultural critics and media theorists is provided to illustrate that conflicting attitudes
have continued into the next phase of virtual reality—social networking and trans-human technologies—which challenge the prevailing notions of "body." The article concludes that, despite these developments, the body remains the basis of our humanity.
Yuri Rozhdestvensky Versus Marshall McLuhan: A Triumph Versus a Vortex
Authors: Polski Maria , Gorman Lawrence
Published: July 2012

This article introduces the communication theory of Yuri Rozhdestvensky, using Marshall McLuhan to contextualize Rozhdestvensky's work. Rozhdestvensky and McLuhan both analyze the effects of new media on old. McLuhan argues that new media tend to make old media obsolete; Rozhdestvensky
argues that new media enhance and extend old media. Both compare the social and psychological effects of the present shift in technologies to the shifts that occurred with the development of speech, writing, and print. The article provides evidence that Rozhdestvensky's theory is more accurate
and that their different perceptions of media color their prognosis for the future: McLuhan perceiving the future as a return to atavism and irrationality, Rozhdestvensky believing in a continuation of human control of outer and inner nature.
Two Solitudes in the Global Village
Authors: Slater Jonathan R.
Published: July 2012

In 1945, Canadian author Hugh MacLennan published, Two Solitudes, a novel about the tense relationship between Québec's French and English cultures. Today, "two solitudes" is the eponym signifying the divide between French and English Canada. Like MacLennan, Marshall
McLuhan saw the English Canadians as the environment of the French Canadians. In the electric age, both populations grew acutely aware of each other's presence, and television abetted the quest for national identity by French speakers. That such a quest was accompanied by turmoil proved unsurprising
to McLuhan. It is therefore not insignificant that the McLuhan centenary follows the 40th anniversary of Québec's October Crisis, when a group of Québec indépendantistes orchestrated kidnappings and assassination. Television viewers watched as Prime Minister Pierre Elliott
Trudeau called in federal troops to quell further violence. A decade earlier, the Quiet Revolution had already begun transforming Québec. French speakers leapfrogged into the global village, and suddenly old environmental arrangements were no longer sustainable.
Time and Space on Skype: Families Experience Togetherness While Apart
Authors: Aguila Almond
Published: July 2012

Skype, a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) system, allows people to communicate through text, audio, and visual exchanges across short or great distances. At less than a decade old, it hosts the interaction of as many as 30 million people at one time (Skype, 2011). Its services, some
free and others for fee-based, are especially valuable to fragmented families. This is despite the limits of technology to truly allow for "being" and "keeping" in touch while apart. Skype may create the illusion of being together because it brings distant sounds and images
closer. However, it also may simultaneously emphasize the distance between people. The screen that draws us together also may keep us apart. Through phenomenology, the researcher presents some facets of the Skype experience. Particular attention is given to how families encounter time and
space using a technology designed to overcome distant time and distant space.