bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manipulating light radiation from a topological perspective
Authors: Yin Xuefan , Peng Chao
Published: September 2020

Manipulating radiation is important for a variety of optoelectronic applications, such as on-chip lasers, energy-efficient grating couplers, and antennas for light detection and ranging. Although designing and optimizing those optoelectronic devices are usually believed to be an engineering-oriented task, recent research reveals that the principles underlying radiation manipulation are closely connected to the concept of topology—the study of properties that are invariant under continuous deformations. In this review, we summarize a series of advances of the physics, phenomena, and applications related to radiation manipulation, in which topological concepts were adopted. Radiation could carry energy escaping from the system, breaking the energy conservation. The non-Hermiticity of such systems brings quite different physical consequences when comparing with the Hermitian counterparts and, hence, also results in the emergence of many interesting and extraordinary phenomena. In particular, it is found that the perfect trapping of light can still be realized in such non-Hermitian systems because of the photonic realization of bound states in the continuum. The fundamental nature of bound states in the continuum has been identified to be topological: they are essentially topological defects of the polarization vector field in momentum space, depicted by a kind of topological invariant named topological charges. Therefore, manipulation of radiation channels can be realized by controlling the topological charge evolution in momentum space. It is also demonstrated that the photonic states accompanied with different topological charges generate vortex beams with unique far-field radiation patterns, and ultra-fast switching of such vortex beams is demonstrated according to this principle. The progresses of topological photonics upon light radiation show that the topology is not just mathematical convenience for depicting photonic systems, but has brought realistic consequences in manipulating light and will boost the applications of photonics and optoelectronics in many aspects.
Listeriosis in a peri-urban area: Cultural and molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from encephalitic goats
Authors: Barman Nagendra Nath , Nath Anjan Jyoti , Doley Sharmita , Begum Shameem Ara , Kakati Parikshit , Das Sailendra Kumar , Rahman Taibur , Bhuyan Dipak , Baishya Bhaben Chandra , Goswami Susanta
Published: September 2020

Background and Aim: Listeriosis in food animals bears a significant threat to human health. Detailed investigations into the cause facilitate proper management of the disease. This study reports the cultural, pathological, and molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from encephalitic goats from peri-urban Guwahati, Assam.

Materials and Methods: Out of nine suspected samples, five positive isolates of L. monocytogenes were subjected to bacteriological, biochemical, and molecular tests. The genus and species-specific L. monocytogenes 16S rRNA and prs genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to yield 1200 and 370 bp sized products, respectively. The encephalitic form of the disease was characterized by circling movement, high fever, and terminal recumbence.

Results: All the five isolates were confirmed to be L. monocytogenes based on PCR amplification of genus and species-specific 16S rRNA and prs gene products. The isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline (OTC), and norfloxacin, but resistant to doxycycline and erythromycin. A high dose of OTC was used in a goat at the early stage of clinical symptom and the animal recovered clinically.

Conclusion: Listeriosis in goats could pose a significant public health threat as the meat (occasionally milk) or meat products from goats are widely consumed by the people of Assam. Understanding the molecular epidemiological aspects of L. monocytogenes infections of food animal species should, therefore, be the priority in this part of the country.
Does Tabletop Exercise Enhance Knowledge and Attitude in Preparing Disaster Drills?
Authors: Husna Cut , Kamil Hajjul , Yahya Mustanir , Tahlil Teuku , Darmawati Darmawati
Published: September 2020

Background: Tabletop Exercise (TTE) is a specific learning method through a simulation designed to test the competency and the ability of a group to respond to disasters. Using the map of disaster events is considered effective to prepare disaster drills rather than other methods. TTE method has been carried out annually to train the students, however no studies reported the effect of this method.Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of TTE on enhancing nursing students’ knowledge and attitude in a disaster drill. Methods: This study was conducted with one-group pre and post-test of a quasi-experimental design. The total samplings were 80 nursing students of the fourth year who undertook the disaster nursing course. The intervention of the study was started using the scenario of an earthquake disaster simulation using TTE media divided into four groups. The instruments consisted of two questionnaires: Students’ Knowledge on Tabletop Exercise (SKTE), and Students' Attitude on Tabletop Exercise (SATE) which were tested for their validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using a dependent paired t-test. Results: The study showed that TTE had a positive effect in enhancing the knowledge (p=0.001) and the attitude of nursing students in disaster drills (p=0.001) (df=79). Conclusion: TTE intervention was an effective direct learning method to improve students’ competencies in disaster response. TTE might be considered as a learning method in improving students' competencies in preparing disaster drills.
Lived Experiences of Adolescents with Internet Addiction
Authors: Suryani Suryani , Sriati Aat , Septiani Nurul
Published: September 2020

Background: Internet addiction has been and will become a serious global problem in the future. Understanding the lived experiences of adolescents with internet addiction is crucial for providing appropriate nursing interventions.Purpose: This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of adolescents with internet addiction.Methods: This was a phenomenological study involving in-depth interviews with seven adolescents with internet addiction. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s approach of analysis.Results: Six themes were identified from this study: the feeling that playing with the internet is more important than the school; become “too lazy to move” and unable to manage time; physical health disorders due to internet addiction; the feeling that it is difficult to be away from the internet, and social interaction difficulties in the real world, which then leads to hostile attitude due to the lack of ability to control emotions.Conclusion: The lived experience of adolescents with internet addiction is complicated and impacted on all aspects of teenagers’ lives. These findings provide insights for nurses in preventing and overcoming internet addiction problems among teenagers.
Convex solutions of Monge-Ampère equations and systems: Existence, uniqueness and asymptotic behavior
Authors: Feng Meiqiang
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the equations and systems of Monge-Ampère with parameters are considered. We first show the uniqueness of of nontrivial radial convex solution of Monge-Ampère equations by using sharp estimates. Then we analyze the existence and nonexistence of nontrivial radial convex solutions to Monge-Ampère systems, which includes some new ingredients in the arguments. Furthermore, the asymptotic behavior of nontrivial radial convex solutions for Monge-Ampère systems is also considered. Finally, as an application, we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of nontrivial radial convex solutions of the power-type system of Monge-Ampère equations.
Inducing strong convergence of trajectories in dynamical systems associated to monotone inclusions with composite structure
Authors: Boţ Radu Ioan , Grad Sorin-Mihai , Meier Dennis , Staudigl Mathias
Published: September 2020

In this work we investigate dynamical systems designed to approach the solution sets of inclusion problems involving the sum of two maximally monotone operators. Our aim is to design methods which guarantee strong convergence of trajectories towards the minimum norm solution of the underlying monotone inclusion problem. To that end, we investigate in detail the asymptotic behavior of dynamical systems perturbed by a Tikhonov regularization where either the maximally monotone operators themselves, or the vector field of the dynamical system is regularized. In both cases we prove strong convergence of the trajectories towards minimum norm solutions to an underlying monotone inclusion problem, and we illustrate numerically qualitative differences between these two complementary regularization strategies. The so-constructed dynamical systems are either of Krasnoselskiĭ-Mann, of forward-backward type or of forward-backward-forward type, and with the help of injected regularization we demonstrate seminal results on the strong convergence of Hilbert space valued evolutions designed to solve monotone inclusion and equilibrium problems.
Large data existence theory for three-dimensional unsteady flows of rate-type viscoelastic fluids with stress diffusion
Authors: Bathory Michal , Bulíček Miroslav , Málek Josef
Published: September 2020

We prove that there exists a weak solution to a system governing an unsteady flow of a viscoelastic fluid in three dimensions, for arbitrarily large time interval and data. The fluid is described by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for the velocity
v
, coupled with a diffusive variant of a combination of the Oldroyd-B and the Giesekus models for a tensor 𝔹. By a proper choice of the constitutive relations for the Helmholtz free energy (which, however, is non-standard in the current literature, despite the fact that this choice is well motivated from the point of view of physics) and for the energy dissipation, we are able to prove that 𝔹 enjoys the same regularity as
v
in the classical three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. This enables us to handle any kind of objective derivative of 𝔹, thus obtaining existence results for the class of diffusive Johnson-Segalman models as well. Moreover, using a suitable approximation scheme, we are able to show that 𝔹 remains positive definite if the initial datum was a positive definite matrix (in a pointwise sense). We also show how the model we are considering can be derived from basic balance equations and thermodynamical principles in a natural way.
Liouville property of fractional Lane-Emden equation in general unbounded domain
Authors: Wang Ying , Wei Yuanhong
Published: September 2020

Our purpose of this paper is to consider Liouville property for the fractional Lane-Emden equation

(
−

Δ

)
α

u
=

u
p

i
n

Ω

,

u
=
0

i
n

R

N

∖

Ω

,

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
(-{\it\Delta})^\alpha u = u^p\quad {\rm in}\quad {\it\Omega},\qquad
u = 0\quad
{\rm in}\quad \mathbb{R}^N\setminus {\it\Omega},
\end{array}$$

where α ∈ (0, 1), N ≥ 1, p > 0 and Ω ⊂ ℝ
N–1 × [0, +∞) is an unbounded domain satisfying that Ωt
:= {x′ ∈ ℝ
N–1 : (x′, t) ∈ Ω} with t ≥ 0 has increasing monotonicity, that is, Ωt
⊂ Ω

t′ for t′ ≥ t. The shape of Ω
∞ := lim
t→∞
Ωt
in ℝ
N–1 plays an important role to obtain the nonexistence of positive solutions for the fractional Lane-Emden equation.
Scour Mitigation and Erodibility Improvement Using Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation
Authors: Do Jinung , Montoya Brina M. , Gabr Mohammed A.
Published: September 2020

Enhancing the scour resistance of foundation systems supporting superstructures over waterways is required for the sustainable functionality of the structure. In this article, the use of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) was investigated for the potential of its use in scour mitigation and erodibility improvement of sand. Testing was performed in a 0.91 by 1.22 by 1.22-m model box, and a double wall delivery system was developed and used to target cementation near the surface. A comparative study was performed on the scour behavior of untreated and treated samples using data from a series of flow tests. Impinging jet testing was used to evaluate the erodibility parameters of treated sand. The results from flow testing indicated that untreated and lightly cemented zones showed similar scour depth, whereas indiscernible scour was observed for the heavily cemented zone. The improvement distribution pattern throughout the media showed an ellipsoidal shape with respect to the injection source. The scour behavior and the cementation pattern indicated less cementation was achieved at the zone near the injection source because of high induced seepage velocity. Based on the impinging jet testing results, an empirical erosion model for MICP-treated sand is proposed as a function of the level of cementation.
Fear Deficits in HypomyelinatedTpppKnock-Out Mice
Authors: Nguyen Huy , Meservey Lindsey M. , Ishiko-Silveria Nao , Zhou Mu , Huang Ting-Ting , Fu Meng-meng
Published: September 2020

Oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) produce myelin sheaths that insulate axons to facilitate efficient electrical conduction. These myelin sheaths contain lamellar microtubules that enable vesicular transport into the inner sheath. Mechanistically, oligodendrocytes rely on Golgi outpost organelles and the associated protein tubulin polymerization promoting protein (TPPP) to nucleate or form new microtubules outside of the cell body. Consequently, elongation of lamellar microtubules is defective inTpppknock-out (KO) mice, which have thinner and shorter myelin sheaths. We now explore the behavioral phenotypes ofTpppKO mice using a number of different assays. In open-field assays,TpppKO mice display similar activity levels and movement patterns as wild-type mice, indicating that they do not display anxiety behavior. However,TpppKO mice lack fear responses by two types of assays, traditional fear-conditioning assays and looming fear assays, which test for innate fear responses. Deficits in fear conditioning, which is a memory-dependent task, as well as in spatial memory tests, support possible short-term memory defects inTpppKO mice. Together, our experiments indicate a connection between CNS myelination and behavioral deficits.
Global longitudinal strain in chronic asymptomatic aortic regurgitation: systematic review
Authors: deCampos Diana , Teixeira Rogério , Saleiro Carolina , Botelho Ana , Gonçalve Lino
Published: September 2020

Chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) patients typically remain asymptomatic for a long time. Left ventricular mechanics, namely global longitudinal strain (GLS), has been associated with outcomes in AR patients. The authors conducted a systematic review to summarize and appraise GLS impact on mortality, the need for aortic valve replacement (AVR) and disease progression in AR patients. A literature search was performed using these key terms ‘aortic regurgitation’ and ‘longitudinal strain’ looking at all randomized and nonrandomized studies conducted on chronic aortic regurgitation. The search yielded six observational studies published from 2011 and 2018 with a total of 1571 patients with moderate to severe chronic AR. Only two studies included all-cause mortality as their endpoint. The other studies looked at the association between GLS with AVR and disease progression. The mean follow-up period was 4.2 years. We noted a great variability of clinical, methodological and/or statistical origin. Thus, meta-analytic portion of our study was limited. Despite a relevant heterogeneity, an impaired GLS was associated with adverse cardiac outcomes. Left ventricular GLS may offer incremental value in risk stratification and decision-making.
El significado de la filosofía de la liberación hoy
Authors: Samour Héctor
Published: September 2020

El propósito de este escrito es reflexionar sobre el significado y la vigencia de la filosofíade la liberación en el actual contexto de la globalización y en el marco de la crisis dela modernidad ilustrada. La razón, para el pensamiento postmoderno, es débil, complejay plural; la historia carece de desarrollo progresivo y lineal. Sin embargo, estacrítica posmoderna parece dejarnos desprovistos de criterios para adelantar una acciónresponsable y solidaria de cara precisamente a los grandes desafíos globales delpresente. Ante estas insuficiencias posmodernas, parece recuperable de la modernidadsu crítica racional a lo existente y la transformación de la praxis desde y a través de loracionalmente sabido. En el fondo, sigue abierta la posibilidad de una filosofía críticay liberadora. Y es aquí donde el pensamiento de Ignacio Ellacuría ofrece aportes a laaltura de los requerimientos teóricos y prácticos de hoy, fundamentalmente los tressiguientes: su visión estructural de la totalidad, su concepción de la historicidad de larealidad y su perspectiva de la relación teoría-praxis.
El supremo recurso del patriarca
Authors: Van der Linde Carlos Germán
Published: September 2020

Carlos Fuentes, en una obra de 1969 titulada La nueva novela hispanoamericana, anticipael trabajo de Ángel Rama sobre el dictador como arquetipo latinoamericano, el deIrlemar Chiampi sobre el realismo maravilloso y las novelas de Carpentier, Roa Bastosy García Márquez. En el primer capítulo de esta obra, Fuentes enuncia dos arquetipospropiamente hispanoamericanos: el primero es el de la “naturaleza devoradora”, quese encuentra en los orígenes mismos del sujeto híbrido hispano-americano y en el desarrollode un sincretismo histórico. Este mismo legado cultural da cuenta del surgimientodel segundo arquetipo: “el dictador a escala nacional o regional”, puesto que losefectos colaterales de la independencia superpusieron a la antigua dominación un nuevodespotismo que en la mayoría de casos fue ejercido por militares o por oligarquíasnativas. Este último arquetipo será estudiado en El otoño del patriarca, de Gabriel GarcíaMárquez, como un índice de premodernidad gubernamental.
De Frankfurt a rio cuarto: cuestiones para el diálogo analógico de la Teoría Crítica y la Filosofía de la Liberación
Authors: Rodríguez Reyes Abdiel
Published: September 2020

Este artículo tiene dos partes, una plantear el tema de la necesidad del diálogo de la Teoría Crítica con la Filosofía de la Liberación, para aunar esfuerzos en la crítica al capitalismo. La otra, ver algunas relaciones que se dieron en el siglo XX con los pensadores de la Escuela de Frankfurt,  que las nuevas generaciones tendrían que retomar. Para que esto sea real y también crítico es necesario que el diálogo sea analógico, que se respeten las diferencias.
Selection and Characterization of Mutants Defective in DNA Methylation in Neurospora crassa
Authors: Klocko Andrew D , Summers Calvin A , Glover Marissa L , Parrish Robert , Storck William K , McNaught Kevin J , Moss Nicole D , Gotting Kirsten , Stewart Aurelian , Morrison Ariel M , Payne Laurel , Hatakeyama Shin , Selker Eric U
Published: September 2020

DNA methylation, a prototypical epigenetic modification implicated in gene silencing, occurs in many eukaryotes and plays a significant role in the etiology of diseases such as cancer. The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa places DNA methylation at regions of constitutive heterochromatin such as in centromeres and in other A:T-rich regions of the genome, but this modification is dispensable for normal growth and development. This and other features render N. crassa an excellent model to genetically dissect elements of the DNA methylation pathway. We implemented a forward genetic selection on a massive scale, utilizing two engineered antibiotic-resistance genes silenced by DNA methylation, to isolate mutants defective in methylation (dim). Hundreds of potential mutants were characterized, yielding a rich collection of informative alleles of 11 genes important for DNA methylation, most of which were already reported. In parallel, we characterized the pairwise interactions in nuclei of the DCDC, the only histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase complex in Neurospora, including those between the DIM-5 catalytic subunit and other complex members. We also dissected the N- and C-termini of the key protein DIM-7, required for DIM-5 histone methyltransferase localization and activation. Lastly, we identified two alleles of a novel gene, dim-10 – a homolog of Clr5 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe – that is not essential for DNA methylation, but is necessary for repression of the antibiotic-resistance genes used in the selection, which suggests that both DIM-10 and DNA methylation promote silencing of constitutive heterochromatin.
AMBIVALENSI KEKUASAAN PREROGATIF PRESIDEN PASCA AMANDEMEN KONSTITUSI
Authors: Harjudin Laode
Published: September 2020

Abstract. This study discusses the political process relating to the issue of presidential prerogative control with an emphasis on the views and interests of the actors involved in discussing the issue. This study explains two main questions, namely how the actualization of presidential prerogative powers in Indonesia's presidential system after the constitutional amendment and what is behind the ambivalence of the president's prerogative power formulation in Indonesia's presidential system after the constitutional amendment. This study finds that constitutional amendments related to the president's prerogatives show ambivalence that distorts the prerogative meaning itself and is not strict between limiting or actually expanding the president's power. This happens because of the tug-of-war between legislative and executive interests. Behind the issue of controlling the president's prerogative powers, there is the interest of legislative institutions to equalize power with the president. Instead, the executive seeks to maintain or extend the president’s prerogative power.Keywords: Prerogative Power; Presidential; Amendment of Constitutions.Abstrak. Studi ini membahas proses politik berkaitan dengan isu pengendalian prerogatif presiden dengan penekanan pada pandangan dan kepentingan para aktor yang terlibat dalam pembahasan isu tersebut. Studi in menjelaskan dua pertanyaan pokok: (1) Bagaimana aktualisasi kekuasaan prerogatif presiden dalam sistem presidensial Indonesia pasca amandemen konstitusi? (2) Apa yang melatarbelakangi ambivalensi rumusan kekuasaan prerogatif presiden dalam sistem presidensial Indonesia pasca amandemen konstitusi? Hasil studi inii menemukan bahwa amandemen konstitusi terkait dengan prerogatif presiden menampakkan ambivalensi yang mendistorsi makna prerogatif itu sendiri dan tidak tegas antara membatasi atau justru memperluas kekuasaan presiden. Hal ini terjadi karena adanya tarik menarik antara kepentingan legislatif dan eksekutif. Di balik isu pengendalian kekuasaan prerogatif presiden, ada kepentingan institusi legislatif untuk menyetarakan kekuasaan dengan presiden. Sebaliknya, pihak eksekutif berupaya untuk mempertahankan atau mempeluas kekuasaan prerogatif presiden.Kata Kunci: Kekuasaan Prerogatif; Presidensial; Amandemen Konstitusi.
Correlation of serum fluorescence of advanced glycation end products with diabetes duration and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Ali Sadaf , Rao Nivedita L.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and diabetes duration have roles in the development of the vascular complications associated with morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. The present study was conducted to estimate and find the association between serum fluorescence levels of advanced glycation products with diabetes duration and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: 46 patients who had diabetic duration of less than ten years and 49 patients with duration more than ten years were included in the study. Serum fluorescence of AGEs was measured using a simple spectrofluorometric method. Correlations of AGEs with diabetes duration, fasting glucose, and glycated hemoglobin levels were analyzed. The incidence of microvascular complications in patients of both groups was examined.

Results: Significantly higher serum fluorescent AGE levels (p < 0.001) and higher incidence of microvascular complications (p = 0.000) were found in diabetic patients who had diabetes duration of more than ten years, poorer glycemic control and higher age. Serum levels of fluorescent AGEs showed significant positive correlations with duration of diabetes mellitus, glycated haemoglobin and fasting glucose levels.

Conclusion: Screening patients for AGEs, intensive glycemic control, and therapeutic strategies that target molecular mechanisms involving advanced glycation end products are warranted in older patients with longer diabetes duration to minimize their risk of developing complications.
Prevalence and in vitro antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial strains isolated from tribal women suffering from urinary tract infections in District Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Sharma Poonam , Netam Aashish Kumar , Singh Rambir
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are an increasing public health problem caused by a range of uropathogens. UTI is a major health concern among tribal women due to lack of adequate health facilities at regional public health centers and district hospitals. The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from urine samples of tribal women suffering from UTI. Urine samples were collected from 550 tribal women who visited the Outpatient Department (OPD) of the District Hospital of Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Methods: The samples were cultured on different selective and differential media and identified by colony morphology, Gram staining and biochemical tests.

Results: Out of 550 urine samples, 360 (65.45%) were culture-positive and 190 (34.55%) were culture-negative. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli & Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been identified as major uropathogens. K. pneumoniae is the most prevalent bacteria followed by P. mirabilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The drug sensitivity analysis of bacterial uropathogens was performed against different antibiotics. The antibiotic susceptibility profiling showed that most of the isolates of K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and E. coli were resistant against penicillin (86.67-100%) and rifampicin (72.73-97.67%).

Conclusions: Gentamycin, kanamycin and streptomycin were the most active antibiotics against the isolates of P. aeruginosa (76, 80 and 76%), P. mirabilis (76.62, 66.23 and 75.32%), K. pneumoniae (55.81, 20.93 and 44.19%) and E. coli (50.48, 37.14 and 62.86%), respectively, and may be the drug of choice for treatment of UTI in this region at present.
Observación e intervención educativa para modificar la prescripción de antibióticos en un instituto social de la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina
Authors: Karaben Viviana Elizabeth , Pomarada Maria Eugenia , Rea Ana Eloisa , Morales Sergio Daniel
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: analizar y mejorar las prescripciones de antibióticos por parte de odontólogos, a través de una intervención educativa. Método: se realizó un estudio analizando las recetas de prescripción de medicamentos antes y después de la intervención educativa, en el Instituto de Servicios Sociales de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. El estudio comprendió tres etapas; en la etapa A se identificaron problemas de prescripción, que fueron socializados con los profesionales durante la intervención educativa como parte de la etapa B, cuya modalidad consistió en dos entrevistas presenciales, con talleres de discusión y debate. En esta se trabajó, además, con el informe de los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de situación de la etapa A. En la etapa C se analizó el impacto de la intervención educativa. Resultados: en la etapa A se observaron 417 recetas con 202 prescripciones de antibióticos, los más indicados fueron azitromicina (31%), amoxicilina con clavulánico (10%) y amoxicilina (8%). La adecuación de prescripción en relación a la indicación fue del 26%. En la etapa C, de un total de 191 recetas, se analizaron 107 recetas con prescripción de antibióticos. La amoxicilina fue el medicamento más prescripto (37%); la prescripción de azitromicina disminuyó a 14% y su adecuación fue del 46%. Ello evidenció una mejoría del 20%, la cual fue validada a través del test chi2 (p=0,00). Conclusión: por medio de la intervención educativa presencial es posible mejorar las prescripciones de antibióticos, no obstante se desconoce si el cambio de conducta prescriptiva se mantiene en el tiempo.El estudio comprendió tres etapas, la primera para identificar problemas de prescripción a fin de ser socializado con los profesionales durante la intervención educativa, que incluía procedimientos educativos presenciales. En la última etapa se analizó el impacto de la intervención educativa. Resultados: Etapa A: se observaron 417 recetas con 202 prescripciones de antibióticos, los más indicados fueron azitromicina (31%); amoxicilina con clavulánico (10%) y amoxicilina (8%).  La adecuación de prescripción en relación a la indicación fue del 26%; la etapa B correspondió a la intervención educativa, a través de discusión y análisis de la situación. En la etapa C se analizaron 107 recetas con prescripción de antibióticos, se observó que el más prescrito fue amoxicilina (37%) y la prescripción de azitromicina disminuyó a 14%. La adecuación fue del 46%, evidenciándose una mejoría del 20%, validado a través del test chi2 (p=0,00). En conclusión se observó que a través de una intervención educativa con los profesionales prescriptores, se pudo mejorar las prescripciones de antibióticos, no obstante se desconoce si el cambio de conducta prescriptiva se mantiene en el tiempo.
Reflejo trigémino cardíaco durante artroscopia de la articulación temporomandibular. Reporte de caso clínico
Authors: Miranda Villasana José Ernesto , Ayala Gonzalez Diego Armando , Campos Ramírez Lidia Araceli , Hernández Sánchez Edith Jocelyn , Galindo Velázquez Gabriel
Published: September 2020

Introducción: el reflejo trigémino cardíaco es una respuesta fisiológica parasimpática repentina, que ocasiona alteraciones cardiovasculares importantes durante la estimulación nerviosa en el trayecto del V par craneal, generalmente ocurre al realizar procedimientos quirúrgicos en cirugía oral y maxilofacial, neurocirugía, oftalmología y dermatología. La artroscopia de la articulación temporomandibular ha sido tradicionalmente considerada un procedimiento quirúrgico seguro, mínimamente invasivo, aun así, esta técnica no está exenta de complicaciones neuro y cardiovasculares. Objetivo: presentar un caso clínico que durante una artroscopia de la articulación temporomandibular en la fase de instrumentación del espacio articular superior, y que, bajo monitoreo continuo del anestesiólogo, reportó una bradicardia súbita. Conclusión: el diagnóstico intraoperatorio de reflejo trigémino cardíaco, fue descrito por el servicio de anestesiología recibiendo un tratamiento farmacológico temprano para esta condición, lo que permitió obtener una adecuada evolución trans y postoperatoria.La artroscopia de la articulación temporomandibular ha sido tradicionalmente considerada un procedimiento quirúrgico seguro, mínimamente invasivo, aun así, esta técnica no está exenta de complicaciones.El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un caso clínico que durante una artroscopia de la articulación temporomandibular en la fase de instrumentación del espacio articular superior sufrió una bradicardia súbita, con un diagnóstico intraoperatorio de reflejo trigémino cardíaco, recibiendo un tratamiento temprano por parte del servicio de anestesiología de esta condición, obteniendo una adecuada evolución trans y postoperatoria.
Percepción del profesorado y el alumnado universitario de la formación temprana en investigación científica
Authors: Medina Morales Gladys Del Carmen
Published: September 2020

En este artículo se presentan resultados del programa institucional en la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, (UJAT) en México, denominado Verano de la Investigación Científica (VIC), iniciativa que fue creada por la Academia Mexicana de Ciencias. El estudio tuvo como propósito identificar la percepción que el alumnado participante y el profesorado responsable tienen un específico en el programa, y a partir de ahí, se enriquecen las estrategias y mecanismos del VIC. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva donde se aplicó una encuesta como instrumento de recolección de datos. La encuesta estuvo conformada por 9 ítems para el profesorado de ciencia y 6 para la población estudiantil. La participación fue de 1581 docentes (H= 851 M=730) y de 3046 estudiantes (H=1194 M=1852) de las 12 divisiones académicas, que participaron en el programa de Verano de la Investigación Científica del 2016 al 2020. Los resultados arrojaron una evaluación positiva del programa, del rol de participantes en general, así como la participación preponderante de mujeres. Se concluyó hacer una propuesta a las instancias correspondientes para crear un perfil del profesorado, reformular metodologías, instrumentos de evaluación que permitan mejorar la trazabilidad de la formación científica que se les imparte a la población estudiantil en dicha institución.
Movimento #StayHome para contenção de COVID-19
Authors: Pereira Mara Dantas , Pereira Míria Dantas , Santos Cristiane Kelly Aquino dos , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar a adesão dos grupos em situação de Vulnerabilidade Social (VS) ao Isolamento Social (IS) no cenário de COVID-19. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, desenvolvida através da busca por estudos publicados no ano de 2020, obtidos nas bases de dados virtuais CAPES, LILACS e SciELO. Com base nos estudos selecionados para sistematização e análise, foi possível compreender que há amplos cenários de VS que afligem à população brasileira, que está sendo amplificada durante à pandemia de COVID-19 como: racismos e desigualdades raciais, violência doméstica, feminicídio, pobreza, fragilidade do sistema de saúde e vulnerabilidade da população indígena. Situações que expõem às desigualdades e problemáticas que estão ocorrendo no país. Conclui-se, portanto, que o Brasil é um país que apresenta grandes dificuldades para que sua população em VS possa aderir ao movimento “Stay Home” por meio do IS utilizado nos dias atuais, que comumente não está sendo capaz de apresentar o resultado esperado. Visto que, muitos brasileiros precisam sair às ruas para assegurar seu sustento, assim sendo, não aderem a este movimento por questões de sobrevivência.
Geo-Rota - Sistema Web de Suporte a Decisão para o Problema de Roteirização de Veículos com Multi-Compartimentos
Authors: Póvoa Carlos Leonardo Ramos , Paes Frederico Galaxe , Velasco André Soares
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho objetiva descrever o desenvolvimento do sistema de roteirização de veículos Geo-Rota web. O referencial teórico aborda a integração de algoritmos de roteirização com dados geográficos, bem como as estratégias de implementação utilizadas. Foram feitos testes com instâncias encontradas na literatura para validar o algoritmo GRASP desenvolvido para resolver o problema de roteirização de veículos com multi-compartimentos. Para demonstrar a eficiência do sistema foi realizado um estudo de caso, onde se obteve melhora nas rotas geradas pela empresa, apresentando redução de veículos e de distância. A conclusão que se chegou foi que o sistema desenvolvido otimiza de forma eficiente os roteiros de entrega, contribuindo para aumentar a eficiência logística das empresas.
Modelo de maturidade de redes de empresas: teste de aplicabilidade em uma rede de empresas do segmento cervejeiro de Santa Catarina
Authors: Ristow Charles , Braga Thais Guerra , Casarotto Filho Nelson
Published: September 2020

Braga (2019), por meio do estudo de caso com uma rede de empresas do segmento cervejeiro do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. O modelo mapeia a maturidade de redes de empresas em 15 dimensões qualitativas que são descritas em cinco níveis de maturidade e, ao ser aplicado como instrumento de pesquisa, gera como resultado o escore numérico correspondente ao nível de maturidade da rede estudada. Como resultado, foi obtido o nível de maturidade da rede estudada, que, apesar de positivo, pode ser melhorado pelo estabelecimento de estratégias coletivas baseadas no panorama oferecido pelo modelo de características a serem conquistadas em maiores níveis de maturidade. Como resultado teórico, foi possível atestar a validade do modelo como instrumento de pesquisa e, ainda, constatar pontos fracos do modelo que surgem como limitações do mesmo.
Modern Outlooks on «Atopic March» Secondary Prevention Capabilities in Children with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Murashkin Nikolay N. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Ivanov Roman A. , Fedorov Dmitri V. , Ambarchian Eduard T. , Savelova Alena A. , Epishev Roman V. , Materikin Alexander I. , Opryatin Leonid A.
Published: September 2020

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of childhood, and it is the first one in gradual development of allergic diseases, also known as «atopic march». Sensitization establishment during the AD uncontrolled course is associated with the high risk of developing of serious allergic pathologies, increase in the severity of the disease course, and patients’ quality of life reduction. Thereby, it is crucial to achieve quick jugulation of the inflammatory process in case of severe AD with early onset of disease. This article shows modern therapeutic approaches to disease control in children.
Mortalidade infantil no contexto da ruralidade brasileira: uma proposta para a superação da invisibilidade epidemiológica e demográfica
Authors: Soares Rackynelly Alves Sarmento , Moraes Ronei Marcos de , Vianna Rodrigo Pinheiro de Toledo
Published: September 2020

Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo comparar duas propostas de ruralidade, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e do Banco Mundial, respondendo qual delas melhor adéqua-se à realidade no território e conhecer o perfil da mortalidade infantil nos municípios rurais da Paraíba, Brasil, segundo o critério de ruralidade melhor avaliado. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico observacional, realizado no Estado da Paraíba. O método de análise das tipologias rural/urbano baseou-se na mineração de dados, com base no algoritmo de associação Apriori. Para a análise do óbito infantil, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva. Considerou-se os dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, no período de 2007 a 2016, e indicadores municipais do IBGE. A tipologia de ruralidade do Banco Mundial apresentou kappa = 0,337 e a do IBGE kappa = 0,616. Entre os 223 municípios analisados, a tipologia do Banco Mundial classificou corretamente 130 (65,66%) e a do IBGE 183 (82,06%). O perfil epidemiológico predominante nos municípios rurais paraibanos foi sexo masculino (57,4%), cor parda (61,1%), idade entre 0 e 7 dias (52,4%), com baixo peso ao nascer (44%) e idade gestacional menor que 37 semanas (43,2%). A causa básica da morte foi classificada como morte evitável por intervenções do Sistema Único de Saúde (65,2%). A tipologia urbano/rural apresentada pelo IBGE classificou melhor os municípios paraibanos que a do Banco Mundial. Essa classificação possibilitou o estudo do perfil do óbito infantil nos municípios rurais, por meio do qual verificou-se, exceto pela escolaridade da mãe, similaridade com o perfil geral.
Factors Associated with Common Mental Disorders in Truck Drivers
Authors: Oliveira Michelle Engers Taube de , Carlotto Mary Sandra
Published: September 2020

Abstract This study aimed to identify the risk factors of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) using a sample of 565 Brazilian truck drivers. For data capture were applied the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), Scale subscale of Psychosocial risks and questionnaire with socio-demographic, working and occupational stressors. The results obtained by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, have explained the 39.9% of variation on CMD. The occupational stressor working hours is the predictor variable with highest impact, may implying in an increase of 5.41 times more chance of the trucker to present CMD. The results indicate actions by management level as work organization and public authorities with regard to the external work conditions.
Diferentes promedios y su hallazgo en algunas situaciones físicas
Authors: Wörner C. H.
Published: September 2020

Resumo En esta nota se discuten problemas físicos en que aparecen los variados conceptos de promedio, que surgen –casi como serendipia- en muy diversos problemas físicos. En este trabajo se describen estos promedios y de contextualiza su aparición en diversas situaciones científicas. El énfasis está en el uso didáctico de estas observaciones.
Infraestrutura escolar e investimentos públicos em Educação no Brasil: a importância para o desempenho educacional
Authors: Vasconcelos Joyciane Coelho , Lima Patrícia Verônica Pinheiro Sales , Rocha Leonardo Andrade , Khan Ahmad Saeed
Published: September 2020

Resumo O artigo tem como finalidade identificar se as infraestruturas das escolas e se os investimentos públicos em Educação contribuem para elevar o desempenho educacional. Para esse propósito, foi construído o índice de infraestrutura escolar e, em seguida, estimados modelos de regressão quantílica, baseando-se em informações referentes às despesas com Educação, Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (Ideb) e escolas, obtidas no Censo Escolar da Educação Básica nos anos 2007 e 2017. Os principais resultados mostraram que a implementação de infraestrutura pelo município influencia na qualidade da Educação. De modo geral, o município que carece de mecanismos administrativos voltados para a gestão da Educação reduz sua capacidade de aplicar eficientemente os recursos destinados ao setor.
Universo afetivo-semiótico de adolescentes em medida socioeducativa de internação
Authors: Cunha Gleicimar Gonçalves , Oliveira Maria Cláudia Santos Lopes de , Branco Ângela Uchoa
Published: September 2020

Resumo O Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (BRASIL, 1990) afirma o compromisso compartilhado por Estado, família e sociedade quanto à proteção dos direitos das crianças e jovens brasileiros. O adolescente que comprovadamente praticou ato infracional, após o devido processo, deve cumprir medidas socioeducativas, as quais visam a promover seu desenvolvimento e integração social. Essa orientação para o trabalho pedagógico social pressupõe uma abordagem criminológica crítica. A criminalização da pobreza, no entanto, é uma característica histórica e ideologicamente enraizada na cultura brasileira. Neste artigo, que compreende uma elaboração teórica inspirada em pressupostos da criminologia crítica, em especial no conceito de criminalização da pobreza, e de contribuições da psicologia cultural, foi analisado o universo afetivo-semiótico que impregna as vidas dos adolescentes durante o período em que cumprem medida socioeducativa de internação. Como material ilustrativo das reflexões teóricas, foram contempladas narrativas orais e crônicas escritas a partir de uma experiência de rodas de conversa com adolescentes de uma Unidade de Internação do Distrito Federal/Brasil. Esse material, recolhido em contexto de formação profissional de psicólogos (estágio curricular supervisionado), evidencia que o trabalho semiótico operado pelo sistema socioeducativo se desloca da educação, enquanto prática orientada para a emancipação e a construção de outras possibilidades de futuro, de novas trajetórias biográficas, para o engendramento da periculosidade dos adolescentes. Nessa semiosfera, os signos indiciaram crenças depreciativas e condenatórias. As rodas de conversa revelaram-se espaços favoráveis à superação do estigma de bandido que a criminalização da pobreza, em particular do adolescente pobre, impõe sobre o jovem alcançado pela justiça.
Campsurus truncatus Ulmer, 1920 (Polymitarcyidae): an Ephemeroptera in eutrophic waters
Authors: Kuhlmann Mônica Luisa , Imbimbo Hélio Rubens Victorino , Watanabe Helena Mitiko
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Aim The order Ephemeroptera, together with Trichoptera and Plecoptera, has been considered as sensitive in environmental quality assessment. However, the species Campsurus truncatus Ulmer 1920 (Polymitarcyidae) has been sampled in anthropically altered sites. In this paper, data on the occurrence of that species in the water quality monitoring network of the Environmental Agency of São Paulo State (CETESB) were gathered to review its position in the environmental gradient and in the quality assessment of rivers and reservoirs. Methods For this, a compilation of the occurrences and densities of Campsurus obtained in rivers and reservoirs of São Paulo state between 2001 and 2018, with grab samplers, was carried. Environmental factors, the Trophic State Index (TSI) and the Benthic Community Index (BCI) were related to the species densities to define its environmental requirements. Results The sublittoral zone of reservoirs was the most common habitat to C. truncatus, occurring more frequently at mesotrophic sites with fair ecological quality. Higher mean densities were recorded at eutrophic sites with good ecological quality conditions. The statistical analysis did not show linear correlation between C. truncatus densities and any of the analyzed environmental variable such as grain size, organic matter content, DO and light penetration, although there was a tendency for higher species densities occur in muddy, dark sediments and with intermediate levels of organic matter. As described in literature the presence of aquatic plants can actually benefit that population once the highest densities were observed in sites with many macrophytes, as Salto Grande reservoir, but it may be confusing the relationship between population density and environmental factors. Conclusions The high occurrence and densities of C. truncatus obtained in eutrophic environments suggest that the species should not be considered as a sensitive taxon in qualitative indexes, such as the BCI for rivers and the sublittoral region of reservoirs. Moreover, its exclusion from the richness of sensitive groups had low impact on the diagnoses already performed at the CETESB monitoring network.
Gut content analysis confirms the feeding plasticity of a generalist fish species in a tropical river
Authors: Costa Igor David , Angelini Ronaldo
Published: September 2020

Abstract Aim In this paper, we compared the diet composition of the South American silver croaker, Plasgioscion squamosissimus in preserved and impacted areas (agrarian land use) of an Amazonian river. Our objective was to quantify the plasticity in diet across different habitats and evaluate the importance of a carnivorous generalist species as an environmental indicator based on its feeding variation. Methods We analysed the stomach contents of 135 individuals and compared the trophic level of P. squamosissimus and the source of ingested food items in the impacted and non-impacted habitats. Results The trophic level values in both areas were similar. In both areas, P. squamosissimus used a wide variety of food items, consuming mainly fish and invertebrates of autochthonous origin. However, in terms of composition of food items, small pelagic fish and autochthonous items were more frequently consumed in the preserved area, while in the impacted area fish and benthic invertebrates were predominant in the diet. Conclusions Our gut analysis suggests plasticity in P. squamosissimus diet across varying areas, which point to the ability of P. squamosissimus to modify their diet in the impacted situation, utilizing more benthic material on impacted area in order to maintain a similar trophic position.