bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute fibrinosis and organized pneumonia
Authors: Ensarioğlu Kerem , Akıncı Özyürek Berna
Published: May 2024

Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP), first described histologically by Beasley et al.1 in 2002. AFOP occurs in a wide age range (38-78 age) and in a non-sexist spectrum of patients. Although idiopathic cases have been reported, case series in which the underlying etiology is known. The histologically specific pattern is the presence of organized intra-alveolar fibrin and is the essential parameter for diagnosis. There is no significant difference in the radiological pattern except for the
halo finding in the comparison of AFOP and COP. In patients presenting with an acute and more fulminant picture, the clinic presents with rapidly worsening respiratory failure. The main complaints were fever, cough and chest pain respectively. Since AFOP is a diagnosis of exclusion, most patients are diagnosed with pneumonia that does not respond to treatment or has delayed resolution during follow up. Although the clinical presentations of the fulminant and subacute forms of AFOP are different, a clear distinction cannot be made for treatment due to the high mortality of the fulminant form. The prognosis is poor in acute fulminant cases.
I Want the Viewer to Ask Himself – What Am I Not Seeing?
Authors: Meiselas Susan , Pevec Iza
Published: May 2024

An interview with renowned photographer Susan Meiselas, President of the Magnum Foundation and a member of the Magnum Agency, reveals the breadth of her 50-year career, which has seen her document social, ethnic, religious and wartime conflicts, expose the stigmatized work of strippers before that, and later focus on documenting domestic violence against women. In doing so, she has always sought to continuously expand the field of photography, to remind us of its context and of what remains left out. She keeps coming back to her subjects, incorporating their narratives into her projects, establishing long-term relationships and pointing to what is happening beyond the moment captured in the photographs. Her exhibitions combine photography, video, sound and installation, and she publishes updated editions of her sold-out books to broaden the view. She became known for her work in Latin America in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when she followed, among other things, the unrest and revolution in Nicaragua. We spoke on the occasion of the opening of her exhibition Mediations at the Jakopič Gallery.
The effectiveness of using grammar activities for developing beginners level cognition
Authors: Алламуратова Феруза
Published: May 2024

The article deals with different concepts about grammar and reveals the importance of grammar activities in teaching foreign language for beginner’s level cognition.
Developing reading skills and strategies
Authors: Алланиязова С
Published: May 2024

This article deals the process of reading, students will he concerned with the subject-content of what they read and the language in which it is expressed. Both aspects involve comprehension, though of different kinds. Depending on the reading purpose, different strategies and skills will be involved.
Effective methods for teaching and learning foreign languages with 12 brain rules
Authors: Балтабаева Гульимхон
Published: May 2024

Teaching methodology that aligns with the brain’s natural processes is crucial for effectively teaching and learning a foreign language for several reasons. Understanding how the brain learns can lead to more efficient and successful language acquisition. In our interconnected world, the ability to communicate in foreign languages has become increasingly valuable. Beyond the practical advantages, learning a foreign language has a profound impact on cognitive functions, particularly memory. The intricate connection between foreign language learning and memory is a subject of growing interest among educators, psychologists, and neuroscientists. This article will discuss the profound role of twelve rules of brain on both acquiring a second language and effective approaches for teaching a foreign language with some applied theories coupled with practical experience that have been applied in developed countries’ educational systems as well as some scientists’ teaching experiences.
Интерактивные методы обучения устной речи на уроках русского языка в национальной школе
Authors: Бекмуратова Умида
Published: May 2024

В статье говорится о развитии русской речи как одном из основных направлений обучения русскому языку в национальной школе. Отмечается важность речевых умений и навыков. А также в статье рассматривается специфика использования интерактивных методов обучения в развитии устной речи и их педагогические условия, способствующие их успешной реализации.
Cognitive and effective skill development with literature
Authors: Даниярова Наргиза
Published: May 2024

This article gives information about the essence of critical thinking for diverse viewpoints which is vital in today's world. The significance of literature in skill development is multifaceted and profound. It not only shapes our cognitive abilities but also cultivates essential active skills, fostering personal growth and societal understanding.
The Importance Of Teaching Reading
Authors: Жаумитбаева П
Published: May 2024

This article devoted the most effective way of dealing with the problem of cultural meaning in texts is to encourage students to read by themselves, choosing subjects related initially to their own interests so that they bring motivation and experience to reading.
Актуальные вопросы лингвистики и лингвокультурологического аспекта при обучении языка и культуры
Authors: Кайпанова Э
Published: May 2024

В данной статье рассматривается современные вопросы лингвистики и её взаимосвязь с другими дисциплинами. В современном научном мире активно изучаются вопросы коммуникативной теории языка, теории речевых актов, коммуникативной грамматики, методики преподавания иностранных языков, проводится анализ современных дискурсивных практик, а также характеризуются особенности современной языковой личности.
Teaching Idioms To Intermediate Level Learners: Problems And Solutions
Authors: Хаджиева Д , Коканова Н
Published: May 2024

Idioms are an integral part of language, providing depth and nuance to communication. However, for intermediate level learners whose mother tongue is not English, understanding and utilizing idiomatic expressions can pose significant challenges. This article examines the common problems encountered in teaching idioms to this demographic and proposes effective solutions, supported by illustrative examples.
Comparative Analysis on Machine Learning Approaches in Paralysis Disease Prediction
Authors: Sujatha M Mary
Published: May 2024

Machine learning approaches availability and its automated solutions improved precision and reproducibility of the execution of crucial activities in a variety of sectors, including radiology, diagnostics, and many others, where it is already having a significant impact. Paralysis occurs when people are unable to make voluntary muscle movements. Paralysis is caused by a problem with the nervous system. The main focus of this article is to explore the idea of building a Paralysis Prediction and Monitoring Model with the help of machine learning techniques. It is used to determine the frequency of nerve stimulation in the affected region as well as monitor the stimulus and paralysis-precipitating factors. It also highlights various machine learning algorithms like Decision tree, K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Logistic regression, Random Forest functionality in prediction of paralysis occurrence with the help of a accuracy graph and showcase the best machine learning approach in prediction of paralysis disease with the help of comparative analysis.
Entrepreneurship Skills and Performance of Women-Owned Enterprises in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Akpera Dinah Mngushir , Diaka Sarah Hembadoon
Published: May 2024

Entrepreneurship skills are fundamental for the success and survival of every business enterprise. This study examines the effect of entrepreneurship skills on the performance of women enterprises in Benue State. The literature focused on selected women-owned enterprises in Makurdi metropolis, Benue State. A survey design was adopted and structured questionnaire used for data collection. The population consists of 650 women entrepreneurs engaged in trade, service, manufacturing, agriculture and so on. A sample of 220 women entrepreneurs were selected using random sampling technique and simple percentages employed for data analysis. Findings revealed that entrepreneurship skills had a significant effect on the performance of women enterprises and measures such as training on skills acquisition, capacity building in marketing and administration of women enterprises among others will help improve the performance of women enterprises in Benue State. It concludes that the development of skills among women is very important to build confident, self-reliant and the ability to manage businesses effectively and recommends improved skills through training, workshops and seminars among others.
Interfaith Marriage Before and After the Issuance of Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 2 of 2023 in Indonesia
Authors: Fauziah Alifah , Syafrida Erna Amalia
Published: May 2024

A marriage is considered valid if conducted according to the respective laws and beliefs (Article 2 paragraph 1), and marriages must be registered according to the applicable laws (Article 2 paragraph 2) of Law Number 1 of 1974, which has been amended by Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage. Law Number 1 of 1974 does not recognize interfaith marriages but only recognizes mixed marriages, which are marriages between citizens of different nationalities, one of whom is an Indonesian citizen. The applicable religious laws in Indonesia allow marriages to be conducted within one religion, with exceptions for interfaith marriages under specified conditions. However, interfaith marriages are found in society. The issue is how interfaith marriages were conducted before and after the issuance of Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 2 of 2023, which is in effect in Indonesia. Research findings show that before the issuance of SCCL Number 2 of 2023, the Indonesian marriage law prohibited interfaith marriages, and requests for marriage registration could be made through the District Court. After the issuance of SCCL Number 2 of 2023, interfaith marriages remain prohibited, and requests for interfaith marriages cannot be submitted to the District Court anymore. Consequently, interfaith marriages can no longer be registered.
The Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance of the Students of Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria
Authors: NWAKA-NWANDU Okwukwe Chihurumnanya , OKOYE Uche Patrick , OBAINOKE Eromosele Felix , UGEGE Joseph Eromosele
Published: May 2024

The advent of information and communication technology is being celebrated today in the whole world. It has become part of everyday life. This modern technology in no doubt has turned the whole world into a Global village. The study aimed at examining the influence of social media on academic performance of students of tertiary institution in Edo State. In other to measure social media platforms a questionnaire was developed based on past literatures. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 300 students assessing the impact of teachers influence, school environment and motivation on performance in Students of tertiary institution in Edo State. The data collected are presented in tables and analysed using mean and standard deviations were used to answer the research questions. The influence of social media on the student’s academic achievement in students of tertiary institution in Edo State was categorized using mean ratings; 0- 1.5 = low level of influence; 1.6-2.5 = moderate level of influence; and 2.6- 4.0 = high level of influence. Findings revealed that students of tertiary institution in Edo State school employ social media platforms for various purposes, including establishing new social connections, engaging in conversations with existing friends, conducting research for academic assignments and educational resources, staying informed about contemporary trends and news, collaborating with classmates on group projects, and exploring potential academic pathways for their future endeavours. The frequency of social media usage does not exert a statistically significant impact on the academic performance of students in the field of Students of tertiary institution in Edo State. The frequency of social media usage by students does not have a substantial impact on their average academic performance in the field of Students of tertiary institution in Edo State. Hence, there is no significant variation in the average academic performance in the field of Students of tertiary institution in Edo State among students, irrespective of the frequency with which they engage in social media usage. The study recommends that the monitoring and management of students’ social media usage by teachers and parents is necessary to mitigate the detrimental impact on their academic performance in the field of students of tertiary institution in Edo State, as the beneficial utilisation of social media platforms has been shown to boost teaching and learning.
The Prevalence of Gender-Based Violence in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Authors: Okon Goodness Joseph , Odey Monica Ogeyi
Published: May 2024

Background: The protection of women’s right especially in a patriarchal setting like ours is of grave importance. Gender-based violence is a salient pandemic, affecting many lives in Nigeria. This phenomenon disproportionately affects women, who continue to face violence due to their vulnerability in a society dominated by men. The study examined the prevalence of gender-based violence in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Objectives: The study highlighted three objectives to include assessing the prevalence of sexual violence, physical violence, and emotional violence against women and girls in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Method: A descriptive research design was employed in this study and the population comprised women and girls with cases of gender-based violence in Akwa Ibom South. Simple random and snowball sampling techniques were used to draw a sample size of 150 respondents. Instrument for data collection was structured questionnaire and the data was analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences through descriptive statistics. Results: The research found that there is high prevalence of sexual and physical violence against women and girls in Akwa Ibom State; every woman/girl encounters emotional violence sometime in their life; there is low level of reporting incidents of sexual and physical violence; emotional violence is obviously considered insignificance and as such unreported. Recommendations: The study recommends among others that the government, NGOs, and civil organizations should engage communities in discussions and actions against policies and cultural barriers affecting women’s right, consistently raise awareness on GBV and its consequences, strengthen the legal framework to ensure laws against GBV are enforceable, and provide accessible and adequate support services to GBV survivors.
THE LEGAL MECHANISMS FOR THE USE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS
Authors: MABROUK Dr. Houria , MABROUK Dr. lynda
Published: May 2024

Genetically modified foods are among the most significant outcomes of biotechnology, and they are one of the most contentious topics among scientists and legal experts regarding their potential effects on human health and the environment. The principle of scientific uncertainty and legal instability prevails in countries handling of regulating its trading, as opinions were divided between supporters and opponents of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and positions and legislations varied among nations on this matter. Efforts worldwide have been focused on creating a roadmap for the trade and evaluating its risks concerning the preservation of biodiversity and human health. Research raises several closely related issues, notably the gap between providing sufficient food for nearly eight billion people in a world with a continuously increasing population and the inadequacy of this food supply due to global warming and climate change. Other challenges are associated with the lack of legislative and regulatory harmonization for the trade of these substances between domestic and international laws and the stance of the Algerian legislator on this matter
THE INFLUENCE OF SOME TRIBE LANGUAGES ON THE PROPER NOUNS USED IN N’DJAMENA, IN CHARI BAGUIRMI REGION: DESCRIPTIVE AND INTERPRETIVE STUDY
Authors: Mohammed OSHEIGIR Dr. Hosseine , Assadic AHMED Dr. Kassir
Published: May 2024

Certainly the proper nouns are of greatimportane in relation to their cultural connotation in all the human communities. They represent the civilizations and the histories of different nations and peoples. They constitute direct reflection to those civilizations. The proper nouns are paramount for the various aspects of expression and they are considered as foundation for the common cultural values of any society. Based on the significance of these proper nouns, we have opted for a study entitled : « The influence of some tribe languages on the proper nouns used in N’Djamena, in Chari Baguirmi Region : Descriptive and interpretive study ». The language of those strangers who come to the area have lead to the transformation of the names that are usually used by the natives of the area. The findings of the study have revealed that the Arabs dwelling in the meant area, have used aconsiderable number of proper nouns which, some are relevance to the environment. The plants, the animals as well as metonymies with relation to kings and kingship. Other names relates to the violence (beating) and to the people of lower class in the society. The findings have equally portrayed that the ecological factor and the traditional kings have played key role in transforming these appellations occasionally
DISSERTATION FORMS OF APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSORS (RULE) FROM THE RASHIDUN ERA UP TO THE LATE ERA OF MUAWIYAH BIN ABI SUFYAN (11-56 AH / 632-676 AD): DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
Authors: Saeed Bin RASHASH Dr. Fahd
Published: May 2024

Following the death of the Prophet - May the blessings of Allah be upon him - the Companions and Muslims community turned into a new state, for which they were not prepared. The nation became without its leader – Allah’s blessing and peace be upon him; which resulted in several independent opinions (Ijtihaad). The Ansar considered themselves as the most deserving of the caliphate, and the Muhajireen considered themselves as the most deserving of the same, where each party had justifications for the same. During that period, the famous incident known in Islamic history as Saqifat Bani Sa`idah incident occurred, ending with unanimous agreement on the first Caliph, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq - May Allah be pleased with him. Just less than two years from his caliphate commencement, he recommended the person to succeed him, declaring his name explicitly, so he announced Omar bin Al-Khattab - may Allah be pleased with him - as his successor. Years later, the second Caliph Omar bin AlKhattab determined six candidates – i.e., for selecting one who would succeed him – from among the companions of the Prophet - May the blessings of Allah be upon him - who were also from among the ten companions promised Paradise. This new form ended with the announcement of Uthman bin Affan as the third caliph. Thus, each Caliph adopted a method different from that adopted by his predecessor, until the caliphate was vested in Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan - may Allah be pleased with him - who set an established means for the caliphate – the rule – which was binding on his successors, i.e., the appointment a crown prince. For 45 years, the Muslims community has been exposed to the forms of appointment of successors in multiple methods and different approaches. None of these means was binding on the successors of its owner. By observing these forms, we recognize the potential for adopting independent opinions (Ijtihaad) and change in the forms of appointment of successors – rule - in Islamic history, whereby this we know that Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan did not bring anything new regarding the succession of his son Yazid
Homenaje al Prof. Dr. Oreste Ceraso
Authors: Bashkansky Diego
Published: May 2024

Homenaje al Prof. Dr. Oreste Ceraso
Cingulotomía en los síndromes dolorosos
Authors: Mororó Meira Ussânio , De Lucena Farias Ronald , Pereira Neto Normando Guedes , De Moura Peixoto Gustavo
Published: May 2024

La cingulotomía tiene como objetivo lesionar la corteza anterior de la circunvolución del cíngulo con la finalidad de fomentar cambios cognitivo-emocionales en la percepción que tiene el paciente de su dolor.
Se realizó el seguimiento posoperatorio de 14 pacientes que fueron sometidos a cingulotomía estereotáctica bilateral para aliviar el dolor crónico no oncológico asociado a la depresión, médicamente intratable. De los 14 pacientes seleccionados, 5 hombres y 9 mujeres, 4 sufrían de algias craneofaciales, 7 de cefalea tensional crónica, 2 de fibromialgia y uno de dolor pélvico crónico. Los pacientes fueron evaluados de acuerdo a la escala de Hamilton para la depresión (0-62 puntos), la escala visual analógica para el dolor (EVA: 0-10 puntos) y el número de hospitalizaciones.
Antes de la operación, la media de los puntajes de la EVA fue de 9,28 y la de Hamilton, 31 puntos. En el primer año, los resultados mostraron una mejoría significativa y alcanzaron un promedio de 4,22 puntos en la EVA y de 18 en la escala de Hamilton. En el segundo año, el puntaje promedio según la EVA fue de 4 puntos y según la de Hamilton, 16,3. En el tercer año el valor promedio fue de 5,3 en la EVA y de 19,3 puntos en la escala de Hamilton. Al cuarto año de seguimiento se demostró que la mejoría era sostenida, con un promedio de 3,3 puntos en la EVA y 16,3 en la de Hamilton.
El número de hospitalizaciones en el primer año disminuyó en un 83,7%; durante el segundo y tercer años, 88,6%, y llegó al 100% en el cuarto.
Los resultados evidencian el papel de la cingulotomía en el alivio del dolor y el sufrimiento en pacientes bien seleccionados.
Exploring the Relationship between Moral Decision-Making and Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Nyamori Divine
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The general objective of the study was to explore the relationship between moral decision- making and emotional intelligence.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the relationship between moral decision- making and emotional intelligence. Preliminary empirical review revealed that emotional intelligence significantly influences individuals' ability to make ethically sound decisions, as evidenced by positive correlations between emotional intelligence and various aspects of moral decision-making. It found that individuals with higher emotional intelligence demonstrated superior emotional awareness, regulation, and empathy, enabling them to navigate moral dilemmas more effectively. The study highlighted the practical implications of these findings, suggesting that interventions aimed at enhancing emotional intelligence could promote ethical behavior in educational, organizational, and societal contexts. Overall, the research provided valuable insights into the intricate interplay between emotional intelligence and morality, informing strategies for fostering ethical leadership and social responsibility.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Social Learning theory, Cognitive Developmental theory and Dual Process theory may be used to anchor future studies on moral decision- making and emotional intelligence. The study offered recommendations that contributed significantly to theory, practice, and policy. It suggested further investigation into the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between moral decision-making and emotional intelligence. Practical implications included integrating emotional intelligence training into educational curricula and organizational practices, fostering ethical leadership and decision-making. Policy-wise, the study advocated for the integration of emotional intelligence and ethical education initiatives into broader societal frameworks. Collaboration among stakeholders was recommended to design evidence-based interventions promoting moral development and emotional competence, ultimately contributing to positive social change.
Keywords: Moral Decision-Making, Emotional Intelligence, Education, Leadership, Ethical Dilemmas, Interventions, Stakeholders, Collaboration
Moral Agency and Responsibility in AI Systems
Authors: Saraiva Luiz
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The general objective of this study was to explore moral agency and responsibility in AI systems.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to moral agency and responsibility in AI systems. Preliminary empirical review revealed that AI systems possess a form of moral agency, albeit different from human agents, and promoting transparency and accountability was deemed crucial in ensuring ethical decision-making. Interdisciplinary collaboration and stakeholder engagement were emphasized for addressing ethical challenges. Ultimately, the study highlighted the importance of upholding ethical principles to ensure that AI systems contribute positively to society.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Utilitarianism, Kantianism and Aristotelian Virtue Ethics may be used to anchor future studies on the moral agency and responsibility in AI systems. The study provided a nuanced analysis of moral agency in AI systems, offering practical recommendations for developers, policymakers, and stakeholders. The study emphasized the importance of integrating ethical considerations into AI development and deployment, advocating for transparency, accountability, and regulatory frameworks to address ethical challenges. Its insights informed interdisciplinary collaboration and ethical reflection, shaping the discourse on responsible AI innovation and governance.
Keywords: Moral Agency, Responsibility, AI Systems, Ethics, Decision-Making, Framework, Analysis, Regulation, Governance, Transparency, Accountability, Interdisciplinary, Innovation, Deployment, Stakeholders
Impact of Divorce on Parent-Child Relationships
Authors: Bakhita Josee
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The general objective of this study was to explore the impact of divorce on parent- child relationships.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the impact of divorce on parent- child relationships. Preliminary empirical review revealed that divorce significantly influenced these dynamics, often leading to challenges in communication, emotional bonding, and co-parenting. Children of divorced parents experienced various emotional and psychological difficulties, such as insecurity and anxiety, with the disruption of family routines exacerbating these issues. However, the consequences varied based on factors like child age, gender, and family functioning. Despite these challenges, many children showed resilience over time, with factors like parental warmth and effective communication buffering the negative effects. Overall, understanding these complexities allowed for the development of strategies to support families during the transition process, promoting positive outcomes for children and families.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Attachment theory, Family Systems theory and Social Learning theory may be used to anchor future studies on the impact divorce has on parent- child relationships. By integrating multiple theoretical perspectives such as attachment theory and family systems theory, researchers gained a comprehensive understanding of the complexities surrounding divorce's effects on parent-child relationships. Evidence-based interventions, including parent education programs and family therapy, were recommended to support families during the divorce process. Moreover, policy reforms advocating for the protection of children's rights and access to supportive services were proposed. These recommendations aimed to enhance the well-being of children and families navigating the challenges of divorce, fostering healthier family dynamics and parent-child relationships.
Conspiracy Theories, Vaccine Hesitancy and Determinants of Vaccination Acceptance in Nigeria: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Yusuf Adekunle , Ogwezzy-Ndisika Abigail O. , Ibraheem Ismail A. , Suraj Olunifesi A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This conceptual review aims to dissect the intricate web of conspiracy theories, vaccine hesitancy and determinants of vaccination acceptance within Nigeria's socio-cultural context, shedding light on their genesis, propagation and impact on public health outcomes.
Methodology: Employing a multidisciplinary approach, this study synthesizes existing literature and theoretical frameworks from various disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, public health, and communication studies. Methodological rigor is ensured through comprehensive literature review and critical appraisal of relevant studies, enabling a holistic exploration of the subject matter.
Findings: Through a systematic analysis, the review identifies and examines socio-cultural, economic and political influences that shape vaccination behavior in Nigeria. It illuminates the multifaceted determinants contributing to vaccine hesitancy, ranging from religious beliefs to historical legacies to socio-economic factors and healthcare accessibility challenges. The review also highlights the genesis and propagation of conspiracy narratives, their impact on public trust in vaccination and consequent implications for immunization uptake.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This review makes several contributions to theory, policy, and practice in the field of vaccination and public health. Firstly, it advances theoretical understanding by synthesizing existing knowledge and proposing conceptual frameworks that elucidate the socio-cultural, economic, and political determinants of vaccination behavior in Nigeria. Secondly, it informs policy development by identifying key areas for intervention, such as addressing vaccine hesitancy, countering misinformation, and strengthening healthcare infrastructure to enhance vaccine delivery. Finally, it offers practical insights for public health practitioners and policymakers, providing evidence-based recommendations for designing effective vaccination campaigns, communication strategies, and community engagement initiatives tailored to the Nigerian context.
Improved Clinical Outcome with Cyclosporine in Patients with Moderate to Severe COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Aysha Ghayyur  , Farah Shafi  , Saman Shahid  , Bushra Azam  , Sana Fatima  , Syed Shahzad Hussain  , Nabil
Published: May 2024

Objective: To investigate the potential benefits of adding cyclosporine to the presently recommended conventional treatment for COVID-19 disease.
Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional research was carried out on COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe severity who were admitted to Lahore General Hospital's ICU (intensive care unit) or HDU (high dependency care unit from 2020 to 2021. Patients aged 18 to 70 with moderate to severe illness were included, while those with specific conditions were excluded. Data on symptoms, oxygen saturation levels, and medication usage were collected and analyzed using statistical tests. The assessment of outcome decreased dependence on oxygen in ICU/HDU was assessed through a combination of different drugs (treatment), especially the inclusion of Cyclosporine, which was done with Chi-square and Binomial tests.
Results: In the study 46% are male and 54%are females. 71% of patients suffer fever while 69% observed shortness of breath out of which 44% had cough. On presentation 30.8% were mild cases (out of which27% converted to moderate on second day), 17.3% fall in moderate cases while 51.9% are severe COVID cases while on treatment day 7 results shows 30.6% patients are oxygen free, 10% cases are moderate cases while 19% were severe cases.53.8% remain alive while deaths are 46.2% which is a good number in ICU/HDU cases.
Conclusion: Cyclosporine use should be considered in SARS-CoV-2 moderate and severe disease because it not only improves the disease severity, reduces oxygen demand and improves mortality.
Effect of Ethanol Concentrations, Honey Adding and Maceration Times on Quality of Mao (Antidesma thwaitesianum) Liqueur
Authors: Dechkunchorn Mayoonkarn , Phet-Tool Sirilak , Suepchat Panadda , Tinchan Patcharaporn , Jumnongpon Rattakorn
Published: May 2024

The Mao tree (Antidesma thwaitesianum) is a native and medicinal fruit tree found in Southeast Asia, thriving especially in dipterocarp forests, notably in Northeast Thailand’s Phu Phan valley. Ripe Mao fruits are rich in various nutrients and antioxidants that have the potential to mitigate the risk of chronic diseases and cancer. A comprehensive study was conducted to assess the impact of ethanol at different concentrations (40 or 60 % v/v), with and without honey added. The effects of varying maceration times (0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 months) on Mao liqueur’s properties were also investigated. The investigation explored various parameters, including color, total soluble solids, total acid content, alcohol concentration, and bioactive compounds. The results showed that the color lightness (L*) values of all recipes decreased over the storage period. However, adding honey to the production of Mao liqueurs decreased the yellowness (b*) value in the first 3 months but resulted in a higher total soluble solid content in Mao liqueur. Increasing the ethanol concentration from 40 to 60 % did not affect the total acid content (TTA 0.04 %). However, the addition of honey increased the total acid content from 0.04 to 0.08 % (p ≤ 0.05). The maceration time did not affect the alcohol content of Mao liqueur (p > 0.05). The use of 60 % (v/v) ethanol with honey addition resulted in the highest alcohol content (42 % v/v). Increasing the ethanol solution concentration from 40 to 60 % with and without honey added increased the total phenolic content from 126 to 165 GAE mg/L and 136 to 160 GAE mg/L respectively. The addition of honey increased the anthocyanin content in the liqueurs in the 12th month.
HIGHLIGHTS

Alcohol contents, maceration times and effect of honey adding were studied to improve the quality of liqueur made of Mao (Antidesma thwaitesianum)
Mao liqueurs of 60 % EtOH had large changes in their alcohol contents during the maceration time 3 - 6 months
Increasing the ethanol solution concentration from 40 to 60 % increased the total phenolic content
The addition of honey increased the anthocyanin content in the liqueurs in the 12th month

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Animal husbandry market in Kazakhstan: Dynamics and prognosis
Authors: Kassenbayev Galym , Kerimova Ukilyay , Rakhimzhanova Gaukhar , Shalgimbayeva Kulyash
Published: May 2024

Studies of livestock dynamics and productivity is an effective mechanism to monitor the possible risks to the breeding of animals of different species and a timely response to strengthen the food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research aims to conduct an analytical review of the state of livestock breeding on the main species of animals that are bred in its territory and the forecast of development soon. The materials for the analysis were reports from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as information in Kazakh and foreign periodicals on the state of livestock breeding and current news in the agricultural sector of the country. The statistical materials on the number of animals of different species, gross output received from them, investment activities, and other indicators directly or indirectly related to the dynamic indicators in animal husbandry were used. The results of the analytical review revealed positive annual dynamics of increasing the number of livestock of most species of farm animals in the country. Thus, the growth of cattle population is 2-4% from year to year, a similar situation is observed in sheep (2-4%) and poultry (4-10%); the only exception is a decrease in pig population by 5-9%. Populations of cattle, sheep and goats, horses, and camels are mainly concentrated in small farms and individual households, so a significant part of products from them does not get to industrial processing, which leads to the need to import them to meet the needs of the urban population. The main mass of poultry, although represented by the livestock of specialized agricultural enterprises, the volume of output does not provide the necessary volume, which is reflected in an increase in purchases abroad. Therefore, to date, there are no visible prerequisites for reducing the number of animals of all species that are bred in Kazakhstan, and the state support of livestock breeding can contribute to the further growth of livestock
Innovation enterprise development strategy in animal husbandry
Authors: Mukhamedkhanova Ainur , Seidakhmetov Marat , Tulemetova Aygul , Nursoy Mustafa
Published: May 2024

The research relevance is determined by the need to create a strategy for the development of innovative entrepreneurial structures in livestock farming, the application of which can significantly increase the economic return on farms. The study aims to develop a strategy for the development of progressive livestock farms. The following general scientific methods were used for the study: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, and generalisation. Among the innovations considered were various genetic studies to improve the animal genome (the amount of meat and milk, the efficiency of feed assimilation), as well as the selection of genetically healthy embryos for breeding; the use of modern technologies in livestock farming, such as Radio Frequency Identification, Augmented Reality, Convolutional Neural Networks and Global Positioning System; technologies aimed at automating animal feeding processes. Particular attention was paid to various livestock monitoring systems created using advanced algorithms. A strategy for the development of innovative livestock farms was also presented, with drones, CCTV cameras, mixed reality glasses and scanner gloves as the main elements. Other necessary elements included a drone control module and software. Relevant calculations to prove the feasibility of implementing this strategy and its financial potential were also carried out. Provided that 82 units of various equipment are used, with a total cost of $187,970, the strategy provides for a profit of $1,072,030, with a 3-year implementation period and a payback period of less than 6 months. The practical significance of the information obtained is that it can be considered by researchers to further study the specifics of implementing innovative projects in livestock production, as well as to further develop various strategies for agricultural modernisation in Kazakhstan
Restoration of soil fertility and improvement of phytosanitary condition of soil in short rotation of crops in Polissia of Ukraine
Authors: Didora Viktor , Kliuchevych Mykhailo , Cingiene Rasa , Stoliar Svitlana , Derebon Ihor
Published: May 2024

With the intensification of agricultural land use and changes in natural conditions, soil quality in Ukraine is deteriorating, with a decrease in humus content, the average annual loss of which is about 0.6 t/ha. Therefore, its reproduction is now becoming increasingly important through the use of organic raw materials and the introduction of legumes into the crop rotation, which leads to a partial replacement of nitrogen from mineral fertilisers with biological nitrogen. The purpose of this study was to find ways to provide the topsoil with organic residues, develop soil microflora, and improve the activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a short grain legume crop rotation. The study was conducted in 2019-2023 using the following methods: visual – to determine the stages of organogenesis; field – to determine the interaction of abiotic factors; physiological – to determine the symbiotic fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. It was found that due to mineralisation of organic residues of legume crop rotation, the amount of macro- and microelements in the soil layers 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm increased by 45.1-46.9-43.1 mg/kg, respectively. It was found that saturation of short crop rotation by 50% with legumes, straw residues, and green manure contributed to the reduction of pathogenic microorganisms and the growth of suppressive ones. It was found that in a short rotation of crops, 10.3 t/ha of organic matter in the form of stubble and root residues, straw and green manure enters the soil, which contributed to the cultivation of environmentally friendly agricultural products with the restoration of soil fertility. The biological activity of the soil during the growing season in the layer of 10-20 cm reached 47.4%, and the content of alkaline hydrolysed nitrogen in the rhizosphere of the root system increased by 43.9 mg/kg. The value of the study lies in the fact that the introduction of short organic crop rotations in farms of various forms of ownership is an innovative approach to providing light grey soils with organic raw materials, restoring and maintaining their fertility, improving their phytosanitary condition, promoting biodiversity, achieving environmental sustainability and high yields
Ortaöğretim Felsefe Dersi (10. sınıf için) Öğretim Programına Yönelik Öğretmen Görüşleri: Afyonkarahisar İli Örneği
Authors: Kızıltan Ömer , İnanç Hasan Burak
Published: May 2024

Felsefe dersi ilk kez liselerde 10. sınıflarda okutulmaya başlanmıştır. 2018 yılında bu derse yönelik öğretim programı hazırlanmış ve 2018-2019 öğretim yılından itibaren bu program liselerde uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile 10. sınıflarda uygulanan felsefe dersi öğretim programı öğretmenlerden elde edilen görüşler doğrultusunda değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Afyonkarahisar ili Merkez, Çay ve Bolvadin ilçelerinde devlet liselerinde görev yapan 7 felsefe grubu öğretmeniyle görüşülmüştür. Görüşmelerde araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile veriler toplanmıştır. Bu kapsamda sorular, öğretmenlerin 10. sınıfta kullanılan 2018 felsefe öğretim programına yönelik kazanım, içerik, eğitim durumları ve değerlendirme boyutları hakkında neler düşündüklerini belirlemeye yönelik hazırlanmıştır. Öğretmenlere göre kazanımlar sayısal olarak yeterlidir. Kazanımlar açık ve anlaşılırdır. Kazanımların öğrenci seviyesine uygun olduğu belirtilmiştir. İçeriğe ilişkin görüşlerde, içeriğin öğrenci düzeyine uygun olduğu, kazanımlar ile örtüştüğü ve yeterli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Eğitim durumları boyutu bağlamında gelen görüşler ağırlıklı olarak olumsuzdur. Bunlar arasında öne çıkan iki olumsuz görüş etkinlik örneğinin öğretim programlarında yer almaması ve öğretim programının karikatür, film önerisi gibi yol gösterici yönlerinin olmamasıdır. Sınama durumuna ilişkin olarak ise öğretmenlerden ölçme-değerlendirme örneklerine öğretim programında yer verilmesi gerektiği görüşü gelmiştir. Yine bu boyutta öğretim programının ürün odaklı ölçme-değerlendirme yöntem ve teknikleri yerine süreç odaklı ölçme-değerlendirme yöntemlerinin kullanımına yönlendirmesi gerektiği görüşü karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Generative Artificial Intelligence in the EFL Writing Context: Students' Literacy in Perspective
Authors: Alzubi Ali Abbas Falah
Published: May 2024

The birth of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential of developing language learners' English as a foreign language (EFL) writing skills; however, there is a substantial need to ensure that these learners are literate of generative AI-based tools and their potential to enhance learning writing skills. Therefore, the study aims to detect language learners' generative AI literacy in learning EFL writing skills. To achieve this purpose, the descriptive-survey method was used; (278) respondents completed a 30-closed item questionnaire and answered three questions in a semi-structured interview. The results showed that language learners’ generative AI tools literacy in the EFL writing context is at a medium level. Also, the study sample’s responses were not affected by their specialization, but by their GPA and mastery level of using generative AI tools in learning EFL writing skills did impact their responses. The analysis of the interviews revolved around three major themes: Challenges, affordance, and suggestions. In light of the findings, recommendations and suggestions are presented.