bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of retinal function and structure in the MPTP murine model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Tran Katie K. N. , Wong Vickie H. Y. , Lim Jeremiah K. H. , Shahandeh Ali , Hoang Anh , Finkelstein David I. , Bui Bang V. , Nguyen Christine T. O.
Published: May 2022

In addition to well characterized motor symptoms, visual disturbances are increasingly recognized as an early manifestation in Parkinson’s disease (PD). A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these changes would facilitate the development of vision tests which can be used as preclinical biomarkers to support the development of novel therapeutics for PD. This study aims to characterize the retinal phenotype of a mouse model of dopaminergic dysfunction and to examine whether these changes are reversible with levodopa treatment. We use a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD to characterize the neurotoxic effects of MPTP on in vivo retinal function (electroretinography, ERG), retinal structure (optical coherence tomography, OCT) and retinal dopaminergic cell number (tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry, IHC) at two time points (21 and 45 days) post MPTP model induction. We also investigate the effect of levodopa (L-DOPA) as a proof-of-principle chronic intervention against MPTP-induced changes in the retina. We show that MPTP decreases dopaminergic amacrine cell number (9%, p < 0.05) and that a component of the ERG that involves these cells, in particular oscillatory potential (OP) peak timing, was significantly delayed at Day 45 (7–13%, p < 0.01). This functional deficit was paralleled by outer plexiform layer (OPL) thinning (p < 0.05). L-DOPA treatment ameliorated oscillatory potential deficits (7–13%, p < 0.001) in MPTP animals. Our data suggest that the MPTP toxin slows the timing of inner retinal feedback circuits related to retinal dopaminergic pathways which mirrors findings from humans with PD. It also indicates that the MPTP model causes structural thinning of the outer retinal layer on OCT imaging that is not ameliorated with L-DOPA treatment. Together, these non-invasive measures serve as effective biomarkers for PD diagnosis as well as for quantifying the effect of therapy.
The risk of antibiotics and enterocolitis for the development of inflammatory bowel disease: a Japanese administrative database analysis
Authors: Shimodaira Yosuke , Watanabe Kenta , Iijima Katsunori
Published: May 2022

Previous studies have shown that antibiotic use and enterocolitis increase the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in western countries. However, these risk factors have not yet been identified in Asian populations. This study aimed to investigate the risk of IBD development associated with antibiotic use and enterocolitis in Japan. A Japanese health insurance claims database was used to identify patients recently diagnosed with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) along with five matched participants without IBD. Episodes of antibiotic use and enterocolitis for 1 and 2 years before the date of diagnosis were analyzed using a conditional regression test. A total of 371 patients with CD and 2420 with UC were included. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) increased in association with antibiotic use to 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26–2.05) and 1.20 (95% CI 1.09–1.31) and enterocolitis to 3.40 (95% CI 2.60–4.44) and 2.14 (95% CI 1.88–2.43) in 1 year in CD and UC, respectively. The risk associated with antibiotics was independent of the number or type of antibiotics, and the risk associated with enterocolitis did not differ with the pathogen that caused the disease. However, prior exposure to antibiotic use and enterocolitis was associated with an increased risk of developing IBD.
Inferring strategies from observations in long iterated Prisoner’s dilemma experiments
Authors: Montero-Porras Eladio , Grujić Jelena , Fernández Domingos Elias , Lenaerts Tom
Published: May 2022

While many theoretical studies have revealed the strategies that could lead to and maintain cooperation in the Iterated Prisoner’s dilemma, less is known about what human participants actually do in this game and how strategies change when being confronted with anonymous partners in each round. Previous attempts used short experiments, made different assumptions of possible strategies, and led to very different conclusions. We present here two long treatments that differ in the partner matching strategy used, i.e. fixed or shuffled partners. Here we use unsupervised methods to cluster the players based on their actions and then Hidden Markov Model to infer what the memory-one strategies are in each cluster. Analysis of the inferred strategies reveals that fixed partner interaction leads to behavioral self-organization. Shuffled partners generate subgroups of memory-one strategies that remain entangled, apparently blocking the self-selection process that leads to fully cooperating participants in the fixed partner treatment. Analyzing the latter in more detail shows that AllC, AllD, TFT- and WSLS-like behavior can be observed. This study also reveals that long treatments are needed as experiments with less than 25 rounds capture mostly the learning phase participants go through in these kinds of experiments.
Roles of the pro-apoptotic factors CaNma111 and CaYbh3 in apoptosis and virulence of Candida albicans
Authors: Nam Minsik , Kim Se Hyeon , Jeong Jeong-Hoon , Kim Suyoung , Kim Jinmi
Published: May 2022

Candida albicans, a commensal and opportunistic pathogen, undergoes apoptosis in response to various stimuli, including hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, and antifungal agents. Apoptotic processes are highly conserved among mammals, plants, and fungi, but little is known about the apoptosis-regulating factors in C. albicans. In this study, C. albicans homologs of the putative apoptosis factors were identified by database screening followed by overexpression analysis. CaNma111, a homolog of the pro-apoptotic mammalian HtrA2/Omi, and CaYbh3, a homolog of BH3-only protein, yielded increased apoptotic phenotypes upon overexpression. We showed that CaNma111 and CaYbh3 functions as pro-apoptotic regulators by examining intracellular ROS accumulation, DNA end breaks (TUNEL assay), and cell survival in Canma111/Canma111 and Caybh3/Caybh3 deletion strains. We found that the protein level of CaBir1, an inhibitor-of-apoptosis (IAP) protein, was down-regulated by CaNma111. Interestingly, the Canma111/Canma111 and Caybh3/Caybh3 deletion strains showed hyperfilamentation phenotypes and increased virulence in a mouse infection model. Together, our results suggest that CaNma111 and CaYbh3 play key regulatory roles in the apoptosis and virulence of C. albicans.
Height identification of water-permeable fractured zone based on synchronous movement in overlying strata
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Li Jingkai , Qin Zhongcheng , Su Yue , Sidikovna Shermatova Sayyora
Published: May 2022

Height identification of water-permeable fractured zone (WPFZ) is one of the decisive influence factors for mining safety, especially in some specific conditions, such as mining under aquifer. In order to demonstrate the formation process of the WPFZ, the scaling model experiment is carried out. Through the analysis of movement and breaking in overlying strata, the WPFZ height is significantly affected by mining range, movement characteristics of key strata and its follow-up strata. Based on the research findings, a new theoretical method, " overlying strata synchronous movement method " (OSSM) is established to predict the WPFZ height. Taking 3301 mining face of Zhujiamao Coal Mine in China as the engineering background, the WPFZ height is estimated by OSSM. Additionally, the field detection is carried out by the downhole segmented water injection method combined with borehole camera method. By comparing the results of different methods, the accuracy of OSSM is verified and the WPFZ height is determined finally. What´s more, various methods for determining WPFZ height are evaluated.
Characterization of somatosensory neuron involvement in the SOD1G93A mouse model
Authors: Rubio Miguel A. , Herrando-Grabulosa Mireia , Gaja-Capdevila Nuria , Vilches Jorge J. , Navarro Xavier
Published: May 2022

SOD1G93A mice show loss of cutaneous small fibers, as in ALS patients. Our objective is to characterize the involvement of different somatosensory neuron populations and its temporal progression in the SOD1G93A mice. We aim to further define peripheral sensory involvement, analyzing at the same time points the neuronal bodies located in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the distal part of their axons in the skin, in order to shed light in the mechanisms of sensory involvement in ALS. We performed immunohistochemical analysis of peptidergic (CGRP), non-peptidergic (IB4) fibers in epidermis, as well as sympathetic sudomotor fibers (VIP) in the footpads of SOD1G93A mice and wild type littermates at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age. We also immunolabeled and quantified neuronal bodies of IB4, CGRP and parvalbumin (PV) positive sensory neurons in lumbar DRG. We detected a reduction of intraepidermal nerve fiber density in the SOD1G93A mice of both peptidergic and non-peptidergic axons, compared with the WT, being the non-peptidergic the fewest. Sweat gland innervation was similarly affected in the SOD1G93A mouse at 12 weeks. Nonetheless, the number of DRG neurons from different sensory populations remained unchanged during all stages. Cutaneous sensory axons are affected in the SOD1G93A mouse, with non-peptidergic being slightly more vulnerable than peptidergic axons. Loss or lack of growth of the distal portion of sensory axons with preservation of the corresponding neuronal bodies suggest a distal axonopathy.
TAVI-CT score to evaluate the anatomic risk in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Corcione Nicola , Morello Alberto , Ferraro Paolo , Cimmino Michele , Albanese Michele , Pepe Martino , Nestola Palma Luisa , Giordano Salvatore , Bardi Luca , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Giordano Arturo
Published: May 2022

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) requires thorough preprocedural planning with non-invasive imaging, including computed tomography (CT). The plethora of details obtained with thoraco-abdominal CT represents a challenge for accurate and synthetic decision-making. We devised and tested a comprehensive score suitable to summarize CT exams when planning TAVI. An original comprehensive scoring system (TAVI-CT score) was devised, including details on cardiac, aortic, iliac and femoral artery features. The score was applied to a prospectively collected series of patients undergoing TAVI at our institution, driving decision making on access and prosthesis choice. Different TAVI-CT score groups were compared in terms of procedural success, acute complications, and early clinical outcomes. We included a total of 200 undergoing TAVI between February 2020 and May 2021, with 74 (37.0%) having a low (0–2) TAVI-CT score, 50 (25.0%) having a moderate (3) TAVI-CT score, and 76 (38.0%) having a high (≥ 4) TAVI-CT score. Male gender was the only non-CT variable significantly associated with the TAVI-CT score (p = 0.001). As expected, access choice differed significantly across TAVI-CT scores (p = 0.009), as was device choice, with Portico more favored and Allegra less favored in the highest TAVI-CT score group (p = 0.036). Acute outcomes were similar in the 3 groups, including device and procedural success rates (respectively p = 0.717 and p = 1). One-month follow-up showed similar rates of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and bleeding, as well as of a composite safety endpoint (all p > 0.05). However, vascular complications were significantly more common in the highest TAVI-CT score group (p = 0.041). The TAVI-CT score is a simple scoring system that could be routinely applied to CT imaging for TAVI planning, if the present hypothesis-generating findings are confirmed in larger prospective studies.
Corrosion Applications of Nanomaterials (NMs)
Authors: Keçili Rüstem , Hussain Chaudhery Ghazanfar , Hussain Chaudhery Mustansar
Published: May 2022

The unique features of nanomaterials (NMs) have inspired new technologies in different fields including corrosion protection. NMs have great features such as temperature dependence of resistivity, spin resonance spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements, etc. In addition, because of the nanodimensional impact, NMs exhibit excellent physical and chemical features that make these unique materials powerful candidates as coating materials for corrosion applications. In this chapter, firstly, a brief overview of the unique features of NMs is given and then, secondly, the types of NMs are provided. Finally, the latest progress in the corrosion applications of NMs is presented and discussed.
Milliwatt three- and four-pulse double electron electron resonance for protein structure determination
Authors: Teucher Markus , Sidabras Jason W. , Schnegg Alexander
Published: May 2022

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments for protein structure determination using double electron–electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy can be performed with a self-resonant microhelix at X-band (9.5 GHz) with <1 mW incident power.
A novel AIE fluorescent probe for the monitoring of aluminum ions in living cells and zebrafish
Authors: Gan Yabing , Yin Guoxing , Wang Jianhua , Yin Peng
Published: May 2022

A novel AIE fluorescent probe BTD was developed for the monitoring of Al3+, along with high sensitivity and high selectivity. This probe was successfully applied to the sensing of Al3+ in living cells and zebrafish.
SABRE enhancement with oscillating pulse sequences
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Lindale Jacob R. , Eriksson Shannon L. , Warren Warren S.
Published: May 2022

Oscillating pulse SABRE (Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange) that uses magnetic fields far away from the resonance condition of continuous excitation can triple the polarization. The oscillating pulse, in effect, adjusts the J-couplings between hydrides and target nuclei.
Selective approach to N-substituted tertiary 2-pyridones
Authors: Wang Yu , Xu Yaoyao , Khan Shahid , Zhang Zhunjie , Khan Ajmal
Published: May 2022

Commercially available 2-hydroxypyridines are converted into enantiomerically enriched allylic 2-pyridones with elusive N-substituted tertiary carbon by means of Pd-catalyzed allylic amination of vinyl cyclic carbonates.
Thiosemicarbazide functionalized carbon quantum dots as a fluorescent probe for the determination of some oxicams: application to dosage forms and biological fluids
Authors: El Sharkasy Mona E. , Tolba Manar M. , Belal Fathalla , Walash Mohamed I. , Aboshabana Rasha
Published: May 2022

Highly fluorescent nitrogen and sulfur doped carbon quantum dots were synthesized via hydrothermal process using citric acid and thiosemicarbazide. The dots had an emission band at 415 nm (λex = 345 nm). The polarity of the studied drugs affects the method’s sensitivity.
Slip-stick transitions of soft permeable particles near a repulsive wall
Authors: Zakhari Monica E. A. , Bonnecaze Roger T.
Published: May 2022

The stick or slip of permeable, elastic spheres is determined computationally for a range of physicochemical parameters.
Encapsulating Ir nanoparticles into UiO-66 for photo-thermal catalytic CO2methanation under ambient pressure
Authors: Tang Yunxiang , Yang Zhengyi , Guo Chan , Han Hecheng , Jiang Yanyan , Wang Zhou , Liu Jiurong , Wu Lili , Wang Fenglong
Published: May 2022

This work successfully encapsulates Ir nanoparticles ofca.1.5 nm into UiO-66 as highly active catalysts for photo-thermal catalytic CO2methanation under mild conditions.
Surface fluoride management for enhanced stability and efficiency of halide perovskite solar cells via a thermal evaporation method
Authors: Gu Wei-Min , Zhang Yue , Jiang Ke-Jian , Yu Guanghui , Xu Yanting , Huang Jin-Hua , Zhang Yanyan , Wang Fuyi , Li Yawen , Lin Yuze , Jiao Xinning , Gao Cai-Yan , Fan Haochen , Wu Ningning , Zhou Xueqin , Song Yanlin
Published: May 2022

Phenethylammonium fluoride is conformally coated on a perovskite film via a simple thermal evaporation approach at low temperatures and normal pressure, passivating the defects and reinforcing the structural stability.
Photoexcited charge manipulation in conjugated polymers bearing a Ru(ii) complex catalyst for visible-light CO2 reduction
Authors: Nakada Akinobu , Miyakawa Ryuichi , Itagaki Ren , Kato Kosaku , Takashima Chinami , Saeki Akinori , Yamakata Akira , Abe Ryu , Nakai Hiromi , Chang Ho-Chol
Published: May 2022

Photoexcited charge manipulation was demonstrated by molecular engineering in conjugated polymers, bearing a Ru(ii) complex as the CO2 reduction photocatalyst.
Gellan gum modified hyaluronic acid hydrogels as viscosupplements with lubrication maintenance and enzymatic resistance
Authors: Chen Meilin , Yu Peng , Xing Jiaqi , Wang Yutong , Ren Kai , Zhou Guangwu , Luo Jun , Xie Jing , Li Jianshu
Published: May 2022

Gellan gum modified hyaluronic acid hydrogels work as viscosupplements with lubrication maintenance and enzymatic resistance, exhibiting the potential for early OA treatment.
Electrospun nanofibers for manipulating soft tissue regeneration
Authors: Zhang Xindan , Meng Yuxuan , Gong Bowen , Wang Tong , Lu Yonglai , Zhang Liqun , Xue Jiajia
Published: May 2022

By integrating multiple types of guidance cues, electrospun nanofiber scaffolds can be used to manipulate cell behaviors and thus facilitate soft tissue regeneration, including nerves, skin, heart, blood vessels, and cornea.
UV-Visible radiation modulation abilities of photon up-converting nanocapsules integrated with an oscillatory reaction
Authors: Quaglia Giulia , Bartolomei Beatrice , Gentili Pier Luigi , Latterini Loredana
Published: May 2022

Oil-in-silica capsules enable triplet–triplet annihilation radiation up-conversion in air equilibrated conditions and their use to achieve controlled intensity modulated emission.
Getting closer to the intrinsic properties of Ni2+salen polymer semiconductors accessed by chain isolation inside silica nanochannels
Authors: Łępicka Kamila , Sharma Piyush Sindhu , Borowicz Paweł , Francius Grégory , Walcarius Alain
Published: May 2022

The scientific problem aimed to be solved by our research is to improve the charge transport of Ni2+salen polymer semiconductors by isolation of individual chains inside mesoporous silica channels capable of ensuring the suppression of interchain interactions that cause the charge carrier trapping in the continuous polymer films.
Evolution of self-trapped exciton emission tuned by high pressure in 2D all-inorganic cesium lead halide nanosheets
Authors: Jing Xiaoling , Sun Rui , Tian Hui , Liu Ran , Liu Bo , Zhou Donglei , Li Quanjun , Liu Bingbing
Published: May 2022

Significantly enhanced broad self-trapped exciton (STE) emission was observed for 2D CsPbCl3 perovskite nanosheets under an applied pressure at room temperature.
Rationalization and tuning of doublet emission in organic radicals
Authors: Tonnelé Claire , Casanova David
Published: May 2022

The degree of mixing of intramolecular charge transfer excitations can be used to brighten the lowest doublet excited state of TTM.
CircUSP36 attenuates ischemic stroke injury through the miR-139-3p/SMAD3/Bcl2 signal axis
Authors: Yang Jialei , He Wanting , Gu Lian , Long Jianxiong , Zhu Lulu , Zhang Ruirui , Zhao Zhi , Xu Bingyi , Nan Aruo , Su Li
Published: May 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Researches demonstrated that circRNAs provided novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of IS. However, the biological function of hsa_circ_0045932 (circUSP36) has not been revealed yet. Here, we explored the effect of circUSP36 on IS and its mechanism. In the present study, we found that circUSP36 expression was significantly decreased in the peripheral blood of IS patients and was negatively correlated with the severity, infarct volume and poor prognosis of IS. Functionally, circUSP36 silencing inhibited cellular activity and proliferation and promoted apoptosis after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) treatment, while circUSP36 overexpression reversed these cellular phenotypes in vitro. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of circUSP36 attenuates brain injury and neurological deficit and promotes motor function recovery of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice. Subsequently, the RNA antisense purification (RAP) and luciferase reporter assay confirmed that circUSP36 acts as a sponge to adsorb miR-139-3p, and miR-139-3p could bind and inhibit SMAD3 expression. Further rescue experiments showed that both miR-139-3p overexpression and SMAD3 silencing could abolish the antiapoptotic effect of circUSP36. In summary, we reveal for the first time that circUSP36 attenuates ischemic stroke injury through the miR-139-3p/SMAD3/Bcl2 signal axis, which make circUSP36 a potential therapeutic target for IS.
The Life Cycle Assessment on Mixed Incineration of High Heating Value Industrial Solid Waste with Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Li Aijun , Liu Yuhao , Hu Hongyun , Yao Hong
Published: May 2022

The industrialization process of China has achieved remarkable economic and social development in recent decades, which companies with excessive production of industrial solid waste (ISW). It took up a large amount of land and led to potential environmental problems such as air, water, soil pollution. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the better vision to build a pattern of sustainable economy, the comprehensive utilization of ISW is becoming a challenging and promising research field. In this work, a waste incineration power plant in Guangdong Province, China was selected as the research object. Its novel incineration scheme by mix ISW and MSW was evaluated, which aims to improve power generation efficiency. The comprehensive environmental impact assessment of this refuse incineration-power generation technology was also carried out by life cycle assessment. Results show that for waste incineration power generation system, the numerical order of all normalization indicators is Waste Solids>EP>NOx>ADP>AP>CADP>RI>CADP (fossil fuel) >CO2> SO2>GWP>PED>COD>IWU> Water Use > NH3-N. It shows that the ash reduction and denigration system are the most worthy of optimization. And the contribution of flue gas purification to ECER index reaches 38.98%, which is the most influential link and significantly ahead of other links, as well as the most needed optimization link.
Diagnostic yield of repeat screening colonoscopy ten years after an adenoma-negative index screening endoscopy
Authors: v. Schönfeld Philippa , Hauser Daniel , Baldus Stephan Ernst , Özer Eda Yilmaz , v. Schönfeld Jürgen
Published: May 2022

In Germany, colonoscopy was introduced as a screening instrument about 20 years ago. Ten years after an adenoma-negative index endoscopy, a second screening colonoscopy can be performed in younger persons, but this approach is based on limited evidence. We therefore prospectively analyzed the diagnostic yield of second screening colonoscopies in clinical routine.

Ten years following adenoma-negative screening endoscopy a second screening colonoscopy was performed in 401 persons (210 women and 191 men); mean age was 70 years. A total of 244 benign neoplastic lesions were removed in 135 persons (34%). Eight persons had three or more small tubular adenomas removed; 19 persons had at least one tubular adenoma measuring ≥ 10 mm; 14 persons had adenomas with villous characteristics; 19 persons had serrated adenomas; one person had an adenoma with high grade dysplasia. Thus 61 persons (33 men and 28 women) were classified as bearing a significant risk for the development of colorectal cancer (15%). An additional patient had a low-risk malignant polyp removed endoscopically.

We conclude that a significant number of small and advanced adenomas can be identified in a second screening colonoscopy ten years after an adenoma-negative index screening endoscopy, but malignant lesions are rare. Whether or not removal of the benign lesions in a second screening colonoscopy will reduce incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma remains to be seen in this elderly group.
Experimental study of turbulent thermal diffusion of particles in inhomogeneous and anisotropic turbulence
Authors: Elmakies E. , Shildkrot O. , Kleeorin N. , Levy A. , Rogachevskii I. , Eidelman A.
Published: May 2022

We experimentally studied the turbulent thermal diffusion of small particles in inhomogeneous and anisotropic stably stratified turbulence produced by one oscillating grid in the air flow. The velocity fields have been measured using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). We have determined various turbulence characteristics: the mean and turbulent velocities, two-point correlation functions of the velocity field, and an integral scale of turbulence from the measured velocity fields. The temperature field has been measured with a temperature probe equipped with 12 E thermocouples. Spatial distributions of micrometer-sized particles have been determined by a PIV system using the effect of the Mie light scattering by particles in the flow. The experiments have demonstrated that particles are accumulated at the minimum of mean fluid temperature due to the phenomenon of turbulent thermal diffusion. Using measured spatial distributions of particles and temperature fields, we have determined the effective turbulent thermal diffusion coefficient of particles in inhomogeneous temperature-stratified turbulence. This experimental study has clearly detected the phenomenon of turbulent thermal diffusion in inhomogeneous turbulence.
Energy-filtered dark-field imaging of nanoparticles by PINEM in 4D electron microscopy
Authors: Li Hui , Su Zixue
Published: May 2022

Time-resolved dark-field imaging of alpha Fe2O3 nanoparticle and Ag nanowires using scattered electrons by selected crystal planes are realized by photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM) selecting probing electrons which absorb energy from a transient laser field during their passage through the target particles in a four-dimensional transmission electron microscope (4D-TEM). The high laser fluence illuminated on the particles causes significant part of probing swift electrons exchange energy with the laser light, creating enough PINEM electrons required for the dark-field imaging of particles with high spatiotemporal resolution at nanometer and femtosecond scale. Different from the bright-field PINEM imaging of particles where the outerspace with a close distance to the particle are illuminated by transmitted PINEM electrons, illumination is confined on the particles by selected scattered PINEM electrons, leading to a much more defined and sharp imaging of particles compared with a bright-field PINEM image. In combination with PINEM temporal gating and dark-field selective imaging, the PINEM dark-field imaging technique in the 4D-TEM enables the studies of structural dynamics of selective crystal planes or elements with high spatiotemporal resolution.
Giant magnetization jumps in multiscale-distortion dual-antiferromagnetic system
Authors: Song Ping , Yao Sen , Zhang Boxi , Jiang Bo , Deng Shanshan , Guo Defeng , Ma Li , Hou Denglu
Published: May 2022

Large magnetization jumps (MJs) can realize an avalanched flip of the spin structure from a low spin state (antiferromagnetic) to a high spin state (ferromagnetic) and has potential applications in spin devices. Here, we report giant MJs in dual-antiferromagnetic hematite-ilmenite (Fe2O3)0.1(FeTiO3)0.9 (HI-9) solid solution. The obtained intensity of MJs (the ratio of an abrupt change in magnetization to saturation magnetization) increases to 53.3%, which is about twice as much as previously reported values in HI-9. These unusually large MJs are achieved by intentionally introducing multiscale distortions with high-stress compression deformation. Both experiments and Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the increase in MJs' intensity originates from the tunable atomic-scale and nano-scale distortions induced by crystal strain energy during the deformation process. Our findings provide an approach to modulate metamagnetic transitions and may inspire fresh ideas for creating high-performance antiferromagnetic materials.
Droplet impact on immiscible liquid pool: Multi-scale dynamics of entrapped air cushion at short timescales
Authors: Roy Durbar , M Sophia , Rao Srinivas S. , Basu Saptarshi
Published: May 2022

We have detected unique hydrodynamic topology in thin air film surrounding the central air dimple formed during drop impact on an immiscible liquid pool. The pattern resembles spinodal and finger-like structures typically found in various thin condensed matter systems. However, similar structures in thin entrapped gas films during drop impacts on solids or liquids have not been reported to date. The thickness profile and the associated dewetting dynamics in the entrapped air layer are investigated experimentally and theoretically using high-speed reflection interferometric imaging and linear stability analysis. We attribute the formation of multi-scale thickness perturbations, associated ruptures, and finger-like protrusions in the draining air film as a combined artifact of thin-film and Saffman–Taylor instabilities. The characteristic length scales depend on the air layer dimensions, the ratio of the liquid pool to droplet viscosity, and the air–water to air–oil surface tension.
‘Look, wait, I’ll translate’: refugee women’s experiences with interpreters in healthcare in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Cassim Shemana , Kidd Jacquie , Ali Madiha , Abdul Hamid Nur , Jamil Dina , Keenan Rawiri , Begum Fariya , Lawrenson Ross
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to explore refugee women's experiences of interpreters in healthcare in Aotearoa, New Zealand (NZ). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine women who arrived in NZ as refugees. Analysis involved a ‘text in context’ approach. An iterative and interpretive process was employed by engaging with participant accounts and field notes. The various meanings behind participants' experiences were unpacked in relation to the literature and the broader socio-cultural contexts in which these experiences occurred. Findings highlighted issues with professional and informal interpreters. These issues included cost, discrepancies in dialect, translation outside appointments, and privacy. Findings indicate ethical and practical implications of using interpreters in healthcare for refugee women. A step to achieving equitable healthcare for refugee women in New Zealand entails putting in place accessible and robust communicative infrastructure.
Female reproductive aging in seven primate species: Patterns and consequences
Authors: Campos Fernando A. , Altmann Jeanne , Cords Marina , Fedigan Linda M. , Lawler Richard , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Stoinski Tara S. , Strier Karen B. , Bronikowski Anne M. , Pusey Anne E. , Alberts Susan C.
Published: May 2022

Significance

Age-related changes in the capability to produce healthy young are common in humans and are increasingly well documented in nonhuman animals. However, differences among species in the nature of these age-related changes remain poorly understood. We compare patterns and consequences of age-related changes in female reproductive performance in seven primate populations that have been subjects of long-term continuous study for 29 to 57 y. Our analyses of parental age effects on fertility, offspring survival, and offspring development highlight some shared patterns of parental age effects that may be general across the order primates. At the same time, we also identify species-level differences that implicate behavioral and life-history patterns as drivers of the evolution of parental age effects.
Some material aspects of an interpreted university lecture
Authors: Brewis Carmen
Published: May 2022

Through the material orientation of actor network theory and its understanding of “translation,” this article provides insight into what students and interpreters experience from moment to moment at less visible levels of a spoken language interpreted university lecture. It reveals the arduous conditions in which interpreters must make decisions in the blink of an eye while nonhuman actors often restrict their choices. The data show a disconnect between interpreters and their material environment, which impairs their ability to “enroll” their users and to enable their “translation” into academics with full membership in their communities of practice. The article proposes a negotiated rearrangement of the space that integrates interpreters in a cohesive and enabling material environment. On a conceptual level it proposes a redefinition of role that provides them with the agency to manage the challenges that arise from moment to moment in the real-life conditions of an interpreted university lecture.
Deep learning for improving the spatial resolution of magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Shang Yaxin , Liu Jie , Zhang Liwen , Wu Xiangjun , Zhang Peng , Yin Lin , Hui Hui , Tian Jie
Published: May 2022

Objective. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new medical, non-destructive, imaging method for visualizing the spatial distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. In MPI, spatial resolution is an important indicator of efficiency; traditional techniques for improving the spatial resolution may result in higher costs, lower sensitivity, or reduced contrast. Approach. Therefore, we propose a deep-learning approach to improve the spatial resolution of MPI by fusing a dual-sampling convolutional neural network (FDS-MPI). An end-to-end model is established to generate high-spatial-resolution images from low-spatial-resolution images, avoiding the aforementioned shortcomings. Main results. We evaluate the performance of the proposed FDS-MPI model through simulation and phantom experiments. The results demonstrate that the FDS-MPI model can improve the spatial resolution by a factor of two. Significance. This significant improvement in MPI could facilitate the preclinical application of medical imaging modalities in the future.
Black holes with Lagrange multiplier and potential
in mimetic-like gravitational theory: multi-horizon black holes
Authors: Nashed G.G.L. , Nojiri Shin'ichi
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we consider the mimetic-like field equations
coupled with the Lagrange multiplier and the potential to derive
non-trivial spherically symmetric black hole (BH) solutions. We
divided this study into three cases: in the first one, we choose the
Lagrange multiplier and the potential to vanish and derive a BH
solution that coincides with the BH of the Einstein general
relativity despite the non-vanishing value of the mimetic-like
scalar field. The first case is consistent with the previous
studies in the literature where the mimetic theory coincides with GR [1]. In the second case, we derive a
solution with a constant value of the potential and a dynamical
value of the Lagrange multiplier. This solution has no horizon, and
therefore, the obtained space-time does not correspond to the BH.
In this solution, there appears a region of the Euclidian signature
where the signature of the diagonal components of the metric is
(+,+,+,+) or the region with two times where the signature is
(+,+,-,-). Finally, we derive a BH solution with non-vanishing
values of the Lagrange multiplier, potential, and mimetic-like
scalar field. This BH shows a soft singularity compared with the
Einstein BH solution. The relevant physics of the third case is
discussed by showing their behavior of the metric potential at
infinity, calculating their energy conditions, and studying their
thermodynamical quantities. We give a brief discussion on how our
third case can generate a BH with three horizons as in the de
Sitter-Reissner-Nordström black hole space-time, where the largest
horizon is the cosmological one and two correspond to the outer and
inner horizons of the BH. Even in the third case, the region of the
Euclidian signature or the region with two times appears. We give a
condition that such unphysical region(s) is hidden inside the black
hole horizon and the existence of the region(s) becomes less
unphysical. We also study the thermodynamics of the multi-horizon
BH and consider the extremal case, where the radii of two horizons
coincide with each other. We observe that the Hawking temperature
and the heat capacity vanish in the extremal limit. Finally, we
would like to stress the fact that in spite that the field equations
we use have no cosmological constant, our BH solutions of the second
and third case behave asymptotically as AdS/dS.
Simulation of primordial black holes with large negative non-Gaussianity
Authors: Escrivà Albert , Tada Yuichiro , Yokoyama Shuichiro , Yoo Chul-Moon
Published: May 2022

In this work, we have performed numerical simulations of primordial black hole (PBH) formation in the Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker universe filled by radiation fluid, introducing the local-type non-Gaussianity to the primordial curvature fluctuation. We have compared the numerical results from simulations with previous analytical estimations on the threshold value for PBH formation done in the previous paper [1], particularly for negative values of the non-linearity parameterfNL. Our numerical results show the existence of PBH formation of (the so-called) type I also in the casefNL≲ -0.336, which was not found in the previous analytical expectations using the critical averaged compaction function. In particular, although the universal value for the averaged critical compaction function 𝒞̅𝒸= 2/5 found previously in the literature is not satisfied for all the profiles considered in this work, an alternative direct analytical estimate has been found to be roughly accurate to estimate the thresholds, which gives the value of the critical averaged density with a few % deviation from the numerical one forfNL≳ -1.
The third order scalar induced gravitational waves
Authors: Zhou Jing-Zhi , Zhang Xukun , Zhu Qing-Hua , Chang Zhe
Published: May 2022

Since the gravitational waves were detected by LIGO and Virgo, it has been promising that lots of information about the primordial Universe could be learned by further observations on stochastic gravitational waves background. The studies on gravitational waves induced by primordial curvature perturbations are of great interest.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the third order induced gravitational waves.
Based on the theory of cosmological perturbations, the first order scalar induces the second order scalar, vector and tensor perturbations. At the next iteration, the first order scalar, the second order scalar, vector and tensor perturbations all induce the third order tensor perturbations. We present the two point function 〈h
λ,(3)
h
λ',(3)〉 and corresponding energy density spectrum of the third order gravitational waves for a monochromatic primordial power spectrum.
The shape of the energy density spectrum of the third order gravitational waves is different from that of the second order scalar induced gravitational waves. And it is found that the third order gravitational waves sourced by the second order scalar perturbations dominate the two point function 〈h
λ,(3)
h
λ',(3)〉 and corresponding energy density spectrum of third order scalar induced gravitational waves.
Targeting DNA damage response in cardiovascular diseases: from pathophysiology to therapeutic implications
Authors: Wu Lin , Sowers James R , Zhang Yingmei , Ren Jun
Published: May 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) arise from a complex interplay among genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic abnormalities. Emerging evidence has recently consolidated the presence of robust DNA damage in a variety of cardiovascular disorders. DNA damage triggers a series of cellular responses termed DNA damage response (DDR) including detection of DNA lesions, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cellular senescence, and apoptosis, in all organ systems including hearts and vasculature. Although transient DDR in response to temporary DNA damage can be beneficial for cardiovascular function, persistent activation of DDR promotes the onset and development of CVDs. Moreover, therapeutic interventions that target DNA damage and DDR have the potential to attenuate cardiovascular dysfunction and improve disease outcome. In this review, we will discuss molecular mechanisms of DNA damage and repair in the onset and development of CVDs, and explore how DDR in specific cardiac cell types contributes to CVDs. Moreover, we will highlight the latest advances regarding the potential therapeutic strategies targeting DNA damage signalling in CVDs.
An Epidemiologic Examination of the Strategy of Malaria Eradication
Authors: Scholtens Robert G. , Kaiser Robert L. , Langmuir Alexander D.
Published: May 2022

Scholtens, R. G. (Technical Services Branch, Malaria Program, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.), Kaiser, Ft. L, and Langmuir, A. D. An epidemiologic examination of the strategy of malaria eradication. Int. J. Epid. 1972, 1: 15–24.

The concept of malaria eradication developed over the first half of the twentieth century, gradually changing from multiple means of control to the single method of indoor insecticide spraying. Because of the dramatic effects of DDT and the fear of insecticide resistance malaria eradication programs—consisting of preparatory measures, an attack phase during which houses are sprayed and active case detection begins, a consolidation phase when spraying is discontinued and the few remaining cases of malaria are eliminated by case detection and treatment, and finally a maintenance phase when malaria surveillance responsibilities are transferred to the normal health services of the country—were planned to achieve their goals in five to ten years. But by 1970 it was evident that the total eradication of malaria through use of residual insecticides was not feasible, and the 23rd World Health Assembly adopted a revised strategy recognizing the need for malaria control and the use of diverse antimalarial methods.

While there has been much success in the fight against malaria, with more than one-third of the population formerly at risk now living in malaria-free areas, there has been little progress and some regression in recent years. The case of India illustrates the predicament, including the relative importance of technical problems, operational difficulties, and the demand on resources by a multiplicity of health and social problems. The realization that the problem of malaria will continue, that it is only one of many pressing health needs, and that suitable locally-devised measures for its control are necessary is inescapable.
Quantum Correlations on Quantum Spaces
Authors: Bochniak Arkadiusz , Kasprzak Paweł , Sołtan Piotr M
Published: May 2022

For given quantum (non-commutative) spaces ${\mathbb {P}}$ and ${\mathbb {O}}$, we study the quantum space of maps ${\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}}$ from ${\mathbb {P}}$ to ${\mathbb {O}}$. In case of finite quantum spaces, these objects turn out to be behind a large class of maps which generalize the classical $\textrm {qc}$-correlations known from quantum information theory to the setting of quantum input and output sets. We prove various operator algebraic properties of the ${\textrm C}^\ast$-algebras ${\operatorname {C}}({\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}})$ such as the lifting property and residual finite dimensionality. Inside ${\operatorname {C}}({\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}})$ we construct a universal operator system ${\mathbb {S}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}}$ related to ${\mathbb {P}}$ and ${\mathbb {O}}$, and show, among other things, that the embedding ${\mathbb {S}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}}\subset {\operatorname {C}}({\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}})$ is hyperrigid and has another interesting property, which we call the strong extension property. Furthermore, ${\operatorname {C}}({\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}})$ is the ${\textrm C}^\ast$-envelope of ${\mathbb {S}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}}$ and a large class of non-signalling correlations on the quantum sets ${\mathbb {P}}$ and ${\mathbb {O}}$ arise from states on ${\operatorname {C}}({\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}})\otimes _{\text {\tiny {\textrm {max}}}}{\operatorname {C}}({\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}})$ as well as states on the commuting tensor product ${\mathbb {S}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}}\otimes _{\text {\tiny {\textrm {c}}}}{\mathbb {S}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}}$. Finally, we introduce and study the notion of a synchronous correlation with quantum input and output sets and prove several characterizations of such correlations and their relation to traces on ${\operatorname {C}}({\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}})$.
Development and Validation of a Rapid Method for Identification of New Synthetic Cannabinoids in Hair Based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry Using a Simplified User Interface
Authors: Musile Giacomo , Palacio Covadonga , Murari Matilde , Appolonova Svetlana , Tagliaro Franco
Published: May 2022

The penetration of the new psychoactive substances (NPSs) into the market of clandestine drugs is highly dynamic, causing potentially false-negative results using the current analytical instrumentation, particularly in the screening phase. At present, the suggested approach to perform a comprehensive screening requires the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) with associated high costs of purchase and maintenance and need of skilled and dedicated personnel. Here we describe the development and validation of a simplified approach based on a high-performance liquid chromatography–ion trap MS system with a user-friendly interface dedicated to toxicological analysis. The system, originally intended for a broad toxicological screening, was tuned to identify new synthetic cannabinoids in hair. After a washing step with dichloromethane, hair (about 50 mg) was incubated for 3 h with 1.5 mL ethanol. One milliliter of this solution was then dried, reconstituted with mobile phase and injected. The peak identification was based on the chromatographic retention times and MS2/MS3 data using a database which included up to 158 NPSs. The method was validated according to international guidelines on a selected panel of NPSs, namely methyl 2-[[1-(5-fluoropentyl)indazole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-ADB), 1-Pentyfluoro-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid 8-quinolinyl ester (5F-PB 22), N-[(2S)-1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-(5-chloropentyl)indazole-3-carboxamide (5Cl-AB-PINACA), (S)-N-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide [5F-APP-PICA (PX-1)],: (R)-N-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide [5F-APP-PINACA (PX-2)], N-[(2S)-1-Amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-CHMINACA), N-[(2S)-1-Amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl] indazole-3-carboxamid (AB-FUBINACA), methyl (2S)-2-[[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (MDMB-CHMICA), (S)-Methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate (MMB-2201) and (1-pentylindol-3-yl)-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone (UR-144). The tested analytical method showed detection limits between 0.065 and 0.125 ng/mg. The intraday imprecision of the method showed average values within the range of 7.3–20%. The estimation of the trueness (bias) of method showed average values within the range of 1.5–12.3%. The analytical performance was also successfully assessed by four proficiency test samples containing NPS. No synthetic cannabinoids were detected in application to 82 hair samples from forensic cases previously analyzed with liquid chromatography–MS triple quadrupole.