bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iron Status of Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gest J. , Langston C. , Eatroff A.
Published: September 2015

Background

Iron deficiency is a proposed mechanism for the anemia that occurs in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Minimal research investigating the iron status of these cats has been performed.

Objective

To compare indicators of iron status in cats with CKD versus healthy cats and cats with nonrenal illness (NRI). To compare indicators of iron status in anemic versus nonanemic cats with CKD.

Animals

Thiry‐nine client or employee owned healthy cats, 40 cats with CKD and 34 cats with NRI included.

Methods

Exclusion criteria included prior iron or erythropoiesis stimulating agent administration, blood transfusion, or concurrent CKD and NRI. Complete blood counts, serum chemistries, serum iron concentrations, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin concentrations were measured and percent transferrin saturation (TSAT) calculated on all cats. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistical testing.

Results

No statistically significant differences were detected among groups for iron concentration (P = .50), ferritin concentration (P = .47), or TSAT (P = .19). TIBC was significantly lower in CKD (median 262 μg/dL; IQR 233–302; range 165–488) versus healthy cats (median 316 μg/dL; IQR 272–345, range 196–464); (P = .0030). When comparing anemic (hemoglobin <9.5 g/dL) versus nonanemic cats with CKD, TSAT was significantly lower (P = .033) in anemic (median 20.2%; IQR 17.8–34.5; range 17.6–35.9) compared to nonanemic (median 29.0%; IQR 25.5–44.1; range 11.5–94.4). No statistically significant differences found for ferritin concentration (P = .94), iron concentration (P = .21) or TIBC (P = .97).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

These results indicate that an iron deficient state exists in anemic cats with CKD and is more likely functional rather than absolute.
ON ARBITRAGE AND DUALITY UNDER MODEL UNCERTAINTY AND PORTFOLIO CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Bayraktar Erhan , Zhou Zhou
Published: September 2015

We consider the fundamental theorem of asset pricing (FTAP) and the hedging prices of options under nondominated model uncertainty and portfolio constraints in discrete time. We first show that no arbitrage holds if and only if there exists some family of probability measures such that any admissible portfolio value process is a local super‐martingale under these measures. We also get the nondominated optional decomposition with constraints. From this decomposition, we obtain the duality of the super‐hedging prices of European options, as well as the sub‐ and super‐hedging prices of American options. Finally, we get the FTAP and the duality of super‐hedging prices in a market where stocks are traded dynamically and options are traded statically.
A STATE‐CONSTRAINED DIFFERENTIAL GAME ARISING IN OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO LIQUIDATION
Authors: Schied Alexander , Zhang Tao
Published: September 2015

We consider n risk‐averse agents who compete for liquidity in an Almgren–Chriss market impact model. Mathematically, this situation can be described by a Nash equilibrium for a certain linear quadratic differential game with state constraints. The state constraints enter the problem as terminal boundary conditions for finite and infinite time horizons. We prove existence and uniqueness of Nash equilibria and give closed‐form solutions in some special cases. We also analyze qualitative properties of the equilibrium strategies and provide corresponding financial interpretations.
Elucidating the spatio‐temporal dynamics of an emerging wildlife pathogen using approximate Bayesian computation
Authors: Rey Olivier , Fourtune Lisa , Paz‐Vinas Ivan , Loot Géraldine , Veyssière Charlotte , Roche Benjamin , Blanchet Simon
Published: September 2015

Emerging pathogens constitute a severe threat for human health and biodiversity. Determining the status (native or non‐native) of emerging pathogens, and tracing back their spatio‐temporal dynamics, is crucial to understand the eco‐evolutionary factors promoting their emergence, to control their spread and mitigate their impacts. However, tracing back the spatio‐temporal dynamics of emerging wildlife pathogens is challenging because (i) they are often neglected until they become sufficiently abundant and pose socio‐economical concerns and (ii) their geographical range is often little known. Here, we combined classical population genetics tools and approximate Bayesian computation (i.e. ABC) to retrace the dynamics of Tracheliastes polycolpus, a poorly documented pathogenic ectoparasite emerging in Western Europe that threatens several freshwater fish species. Our results strongly suggest that populations of T. polycolpus in France emerged from individuals originating from a unique genetic pool that were most likely introduced in the 1920s in central France. From this initial population, three waves of colonization occurred into peripheral watersheds within the next two decades. We further demonstrated that populations remained at low densities, and hence undetectable, during 10 years before a major demographic expansion occurred, and before its official detection in France. These findings corroborate and expand the few historical records available for this emerging pathogen. More generally, our study demonstrates how ABC can be used to determine the status, reconstruct the colonization history and infer key evolutionary parameters of emerging wildlife pathogens with low data availability, and for which samples from the putative native area are inaccessible.
Emerging patterns of genetic variation in the New Zealand endemic scallop Pecten novaezelandiae
Authors: Silva Catarina N. S. , Gardner Jonathan P. A.
Published: September 2015

Both historical and contemporary processes influence the genetic structure of species, but the relative roles of such processes are still difficult to access. Population genetic studies of species with recent evolutionary histories such as the New Zealand endemic scallop Pecten novaezelandiae (<1 Ma) permit testing of the effects of recent processes affecting gene flow and shaping genetic structure. In addition, studies encompassing the entire distributional range of species can provide insight into colonization processes. Analyses of genetic variation in P. novaezelandiae (952 individuals from 14 locations, genotyped at 10 microsatellite loci) revealed a weak but significant regional structure across the distributional range of the species, as well as latitudinal gradients of genetic diversity and differentiation: estimates of migration rates supported these patterns. Our results suggest that the observed genetic structure and latitudinal gradients reflect a stepping‐stone model of colonization (north to south) and emerging divergence of populations as a result of ongoing limitations to gene flow and insufficient time to reach migration–drift equilibrium. The low levels of interpopulation and interregional genetic differentiation detected over hundreds of kilometres reflect the recent evolutionary history of P. novaezelandiae and stand in contrast to patterns reported for other evolutionary older species at the same spatial scale. The outcomes of this study contribute to a better understanding of evolutionary processes influencing the genetic variation of species and provide vital information on the genetic structure of P. novaezelandiae.
Modulation of Lactobacillus casei bacteriophage A2 lytic/lysogenic cycles by binding of Gp25 to the early lytic mRNA
Authors: Carrasco Begoña , Escobedo Susana , Alonso Juan C. , Suárez Juan E.
Published: September 2015

The genetic switch of Lactobacillus casei bacteriophage A2 is regulated by the CI protein, which represses the early lytic promoter PR and Cro that abolishes expression from the lysogenic promoter PL. Lysogens contain equivalent cI and cro‐gp25 mRNA concentrations, i.e., CI only partially represses PR, predicting a lytic cycle dominance. However, A2 generates stable lysogens. This may be due to Gp25 binding to the cro‐gp25 mRNA between the ribosomal binding site and the cro start codon, which abolishes its translation. Upon lytic cycle induction, CI is partially degraded, cro‐gp25 mRNA levels increase, and Cro accumulates, launching viral progeny production. The concomitant concentration increase of Gp25 restricts cro mRNA translation, which, together with the low but detectable levels of CI late during the lytic cycle, promotes reentry of part of the cell population into the lysogenic cycle, thus explaining the low proportion of L. casei lysogens that become lysed (∼ 1%). A2 shares its genetic switch structure with many other Firmicutes phages. The data presented may constitute a model of how these phages make the decision for lysis versus lysogeny.
NbRABG3f, a member of Rab GTPase, is involved in Bamboo mosaic virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Huang Ying‐Ping , Jhuo Jia‐Hua , Tsai Meng‐Shan , Tsai Ching‐Hsiu , Chen Hong‐Chi , Lin Na‐Sheng , Hsu Yau‐Heiu , Cheng Chi‐Ping
Published: September 2015

The screening of differentially expressed genes in plants after pathogen infection can uncover the potential host factors required for the pathogens. In this study, an up‐regulated gene was identified and cloned from Nicotiana benthamiana plants after Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) inoculation. The up‐regulated gene was identified as a member of the Rab small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) family, and was designated as NbRABG3f according to its in silico translated product with high identity to that of RABG3f of tomato. Knocking down the expression of NbRABG3f using a virus‐induced gene silencing technique in a protoplast inoculation assay significantly reduced the accumulation of BaMV. A transiently expressed NbRABG3f protein in N. benthamiana plants followed by BaMV inoculation enhanced the accumulation of BaMV to approximately 150%. Mutants that had the catalytic site mutation (NbRABG3f/T22N) or had lost their membrane‐targeting capability (NbRABG3f/ΔC3) failed to facilitate the accumulation of BaMV in plants. Because the Rab GTPase is responsible for vesicle trafficking between organelles, a mutant with a fixed guanosine diphosphate form was used to identify the donor compartment. The use of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion revealed that GFP‐NbRABG3f/T22N clearly co‐localized with the Golgi marker. In conclusion, BaMV may use NbRABG3f to form vesicles derived from the Golgi membrane for intracellular trafficking to deliver unidentified factors to its replication site; thus, both GTPase activity and membrane‐targeting ability are crucial for BaMV accumulation at the cell level.
Nationalism studies between methodological nationalism and orientalism: an alternative approach illustrated with the case ofElGreco inToledo,Spain
Authors: Storm Eric
Published: September 2015

Methodological nationalism is still dominant in nationalism studies. When studying the construction of national identities, scholars generally limit their study to the borders of one nation‐state, while only paying attention to members of that particular nation. Implicitly, foreign actors and influences are left out of the picture. I will challenge this methodological nationalism with a case study, which demonstrates that the place ofToledo within theSpanish national imagination, and more particularly that ofEl Greco, the most important representative of the city's artistic heritage, was largely determined by foreigners. During the nineteenth century,El Greco was rediscovered primarily by foreign scholars and artists. Moreover, it would be the rise of international tourism in the early twentieth century that convincedToledans to adoptEl Greco as the city's main artistic icon. This case, thus, clearly shows that in nationalism studies methodological nationalism can be avoided by also including foreign actors.
In pursuit of independence: the political economy of Catalonia's secessionist movement
Authors: Boylan Brandon M.
Published: September 2015

This article examines the fiscal dimensions of recent support for Catalan secession. Since the region is a cultural community distinct from the rest of Spain, much research has spotlighted national identity features in the calculus of Catalan political aspirations. This study supplements this work by contextualising support for Catalan independence in terms of the state's fiscal arrangements with the use of public opinion survey data. Even after controlling for self‐reported cultural identity and other relevant factors, it argues that support for independence is a function of grievances rooted in the desire for Catalonia to assume responsibility for taxation and spending policy. Meanwhile, it validates some observations about Catalonia's separatist movement, while bringing others into question, and offers support for the theoretical framework linking political economy to secessionism. The results suggest that Spain might be able to stave off Catalonia's separatist bid through some form of political and taxation policy reconfiguration, with the caveats that cultural identity factors and the existence of other separatist movements across the country complicate this strategy.
John Breuilly: ‘Eric Hobsbawm: nationalism and revolution’
Authors: Breuilly John
Published: September 2015

This article considers how Eric Hobsbawm (1917–2012) connected the concepts of revolution and nationalism, analysing this in relation to his biography, his politics and his work as a professional historian. It traces major changes in Hobsbawm's understanding of revolution and nationalism as he, the political world and the ways of writing history all changed over the course of his long life.
REFRAMING GOVERNANCE: COMPETITION, FATALISM AND AUTONOMY IN CENTRAL–LOCAL RELATIONS
Authors: ENTWISTLE TOM , GUARNEROS‐MEZA VALERIA , MARTIN STEVE , DOWNE JAMES
Published: September 2015

Much of the work on contemporary governance points either to a strong central government that continues to operate hierarchically or else to a relatively weak centre which relies on network forms of coordination. In place of the choice between hierarchy and networks, the cultural theory pioneered by Mary Douglas draws our attention to five distinctive ‘social environments’ characterized in terms of hierarchy, individualism, egalitarianism, fatalism and autonomy. Based on an analysis of survey data collected from 488 local government managers across England, Scotland and Wales, this article uses the Douglas framework to understand patterns of governance. While the data lend support to the strong centre theorists in revealing little evidence of a central–local partnership and continuing reliance on regulatory‐type instruments, we find this more a recipe for competition and fatalism than hierarchy. Our data also point to significant differences in governance style both across services and between countries.
Evaluation of glottic view through Air‐Q Intubating Laryngeal Airway in the supine and lateral position and assessing it as a conduit for blind endotracheal intubation in children in the supine position
Authors: Pandey Ravinder Kumar , Subramanium Raj Kumar , Darlong Vanlal , Lekha Chandra , Garg Rakesh , Punj Jyotsna , Rewari Vimi , Bajpai Meenu
Published: September 2015

Introduction

We assessed the feasibility of blind orotracheal intubation in children using the Air‐QILA as a conduit in supine position and the glottic view grading by fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) through it both in supine and lateral positions.

Methods

After ethical approval and consent, 60 children were enrolled in the study. In the operating room, after attaching standard monitors to all children, anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane (2–8%) in oxygen (100%). Once the children became sedated, an i.v. access was established and injection glycopyrrolate (10 μg·kg−1), fentanyl (2 μg·kg−1), and atracurium (0.5 mg·kg−1) were administered. After 3 min, the Air‐QILA was placed in supine position and glottic view was assessed by using FOB, in supine and right lateral decubitus position. In all children, gradings of glottic view in two different positions were noted. After that all children were turned supine, and orotracheal intubation was done blindly through the Air‐QILA. The success rate, insertion time of the Air‐QILA, and endotracheal intubation were noted.

Results

The Air‐QILA placement was successful in 57 children in first attempt and three children required second attempt. However, blind endotracheal intubations through the Air‐QILA were successful in 38 children in first attempt and 12 children required second attempt. In the remaining 10 children, where blind endotracheal intubation through the Air‐QILA remained unsuccessful, conventional laryngoscopy was performed. In supine and lateral positions, Grade 1 glottic view was seen in 41 and 38 of total 60 patients, respectively. Turning of all children from supine to lateral decubitus position resulted in the deterioration of grading of glottic view in eight children and improvement in two children (P = 0.001 ).

Conclusion

The Air‐QILA is an easy to place supraglottic airway device with excellent airway seal and low airway morbidity. It may be useful as a conduit for blind orotracheal intubation in supine position and can be used as an effective alternative to FOB in low resource settings.
Local soil, but not commercial AMF inoculum, increases native and non‐native grass growth at a mine restoration site
Authors: Emam Taraneh
Published: September 2015

Soil communities are often degraded in mined sites, and facilitating the recovery of soil mutualists such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may assist with the restoration of native plants. At a grassland mine restoration site, I compared a commercial AMF inoculum with soil collected from beneath native grasses as a source of inoculum, as well as a control treatment. Field plots were broadcast‐inoculated and seeded with native grasses, and biomass of native and non‐native species was measured in three consecutive years. In addition, greenhouse‐grown seedlings of a native bunchgrass (Stipa pulchra) were inoculated with similar treatments, transplanted into the field, and assessed after 18 months. When broadcast inoculation was used, the local soil inoculum tended to increase non‐native grass biomass, and marginally decreased non‐native forb biomass in the second year of study, but did not significantly affect native grass biomass. Broadcast commercial inoculum had no detectable effects on biomass of any plant group. Stipa pulchra transplants had greater N content and mycorrhizal colonization, and marginally higher shoot mass and K content, when pre‐inoculated with local soil (relative to controls). Pre‐inoculation with commercial AMF increased AMF colonization of the S. pulchra transplants, but did not significantly affect biomass or nutrient content. The findings indicate that at this site, the use of local soil as an inoculum had greater effects on native and non‐native plants than the commercial product used. In order to substantially increase native grass performance, inoculation of transplanted plugs may be one potential strategy.
Re–Os and U–Pb Geochronology of Porphyry and Skarn Types Copper Deposits in Jilin Province, NE China
Authors: Zhang Yong , Xing Shu–Wen , Song Quan–Heng , Wang Yan , Yu Zheng–Tao , Du Xiao–Hui , Ma Yu–Bo , Zhang Zeng–Jie
Published: September 2015

Jilin Province in NE China lies on the eastern edge of the Xing–Meng Orogenic Belt. Mineral exploration in this area has resulted in the discovery of numerous large, medium, and small sized Cu, Mo, Au, and Co deposits. To better understand the formation and distribution of both the porphyry and skarn types Cu deposits of the region, we examined the geological characteristics of the deposits and applied zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os isotope dating to constrain the age of the mineralization. The Binghugou Cu deposit yields a zircon U–Pb age for quartz diorite of 128.1 ± 1.6 Ma; the Chang'anpu Cu deposit yields a zircon U–Pb age for granite porphyry of 117.0 ± 1.4 Ma; the Ermi Cu deposit yields a zircon U–Pb age for granite porphyry of 96.8 ± 1.1 Ma; the Tongshan Cu deposit yields molybdenite Re–Os model ages of 128.7 to 130.2 Ma, an isochron age of 129.0 ± 1.6 Ma, and a weighted mean model age of 129.2 ± 0.7 Ma; and the Tianhexing Cu deposit yields molybdenite Re–Os model ages of 113.9 to 115.2 Ma, an isochron age of 114.7 ± 1.2 Ma, and a weighted mean model age of 114.7 ± 0.7 Ma. The new ages, combined with existing geochronology data, show that intense porphyry and skarn types Cu mineralization was coeval with Cretaceous magmatism. The geotectonic processes responsible for the genesis of the Cu mineralization were probably related to lithospheric thinning. By analyzing the accumulated molybdenite Re–Os, zircon U–Pb, and Ar–Ar ages for NE China, it is concluded that the Cu deposits formed during multiple events coinciding with periods of magmatic activity. We have identified five phases of mineralization: early Paleozoic (~476 Ma), late Paleozoic (286.5–273.6 Ma), early Mesozoic (~228.7 Ma), Jurassic (194.8–137.1 Ma), and Cretaceous (131.2–96.8 Ma). Although Cu deposits formed during each phase, most of the Cu mineralization occurred during the Cretaceous.
Novel method to leukoreduce murine blood for transfusion: how to reduce animal usage
Authors: Fischer Dania , Büssow Julian , Meybohm Patrick , Zacharowski Kai , Jennewein Carla
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND

Basic research on the pathomechanisms of transfusion‐related adverse events depends on murine transfusion models, in which leukoreduction (LR) is a prevalent standard. The commonly used neonatal LR filter (LRF) is associated with considerable animal numbers. A more efficient method would help support the guiding principles of “replacement, reduction, refinement” (3Rs).

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Blood from C57BL/6 and C57BL/6‐Tg(UBC‐GFP)30Scha/J mice was leukoreduced using 1) a neonatal LRF, 2) a syringe LRF, or 3) CD45 microbeads. Product quality was assessed according to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards. White blood cell numbers were analyzed by flow cytometry; hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit were measured and in vivo posttransfusion recoveries were determined after 2 weeks of storage.

RESULTS

Using the neonatal filter, a LR of 99.56% was achieved with wastage of 12.4 mL in comparison to 99.68% and 1‐mL hold‐up volume with the syringe filter and 99.11 ± 0.24% LR and 0.1‐mL wastage using microbeads. All techniques achieved FDA quality standards, apart from posttransfusion recovery rate, which was only reached by the microbeads‐based technique.

CONCLUSION

LR with CD45 microbeads not only reduces animal usage but also provides a more efficacious method regarding posttransfusion red blood cell recovery and, hence, provides a promising alternative to commonly used methods.
Effects of oral administration of trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole on tear production in clinically normal guinea pigs
Authors: Asadi Faezeh , Rajaei Seyed Mehdi , Golabdar Salar
Published: September 2015

Objective

To determine the effects of short‐term oral administration of trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole on tear production in clinically normal guinea pigs.

Animal studied

Thirty‐two healthy adult Abyssinian guinea pigs were used in this study.

Procedure

One day before the start of the trial, the pretreatment baseline phenol red thread test (PRTT) values were recorded. Sixteen guinea pigs in the treated group received 25 mg/kg trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole orally twice a day for 14 days. The other sixteen guinea pigs were used as untreated controls and received a placebo during the study. All the ophthalmic tests were performed without chemical restraint. PRTT values were evaluated in both eyes of all the guinea pigs using a commercial PRTT strip of a single lot number on days 0 (baseline), 15, and 21 after starting the trial.

Results

The pretreatment baseline mean ± SD PRTT values for the treatment and control groups were 11.12 ± 3.82 mm/15 s and 11.93 ± 2.73 mm/15 s, respectively. After 14 days of drug administration, the mean ± SD PRTT values for the treatment and control groups were 10.87 ± 3.11 mm/15 s and 13.00 ± 2.47 mm/15 s, respectively. On Day 21, the mean ± SD PRTT values for the treatment and control groups were 12.62 ± 4.05 mm/15 s and 12.87 ± 2.99 mm/15 s, respectively. Significant decreases in the PRTT values, compared with the pretreatment baseline values, were not observed in the treatment group on Day 15 (P = 0.14) and Day 21 (P = 0.31).

Conclusions

Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole did not decrease tear production in the guinea pigs in this study.
A shift in paradigm towards human biology‐based systems for cholestatic‐liver diseases
Authors: Noor Fozia
Published: September 2015

Cholestatic‐liver diseases (CLDs) arise from diverse causes ranging from genetic factors to drug‐induced cholestasis. The so‐called diseases of civilization (obesity, diabetes, metabolic disorders, non‐alcoholic liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, etc.) are intricately implicated in liver and gall bladder diseases. Although CLDs have been extensively studied, there seem to be important gaps in the understanding of human disease. Despite the fact that many animal models exist and substantial clinical data are available, translation of this knowledge towards therapy has been disappointingly limited. Recent advances in liver cell culture such as in vivo‐like 3D cultivation of human primary hepatic cells, human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived hepatocytes; and cutting‐edge analytical techniques such as ‘omics’ technologies and high‐content screenings could play a decisive role in deeper mechanistic understanding of CLDs. This Topical Review proposes a roadmap to human biology‐based research using omics technologies providing quantitative information on mechanisms in an adverse outcome/disease pathway framework. With modern sensitive tools, a shift in paradigm in human disease research seems timely and even inevitable to overcome species barriers in translation.

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Argos Americano: incertidumbre e independencia
Authors: Penagos Carreño Julián Enrique
Published: September 2015

El presente artículo es el resultado del análisis léxico métrico al periódico cartagenero el Argos Americano. Papel político, económico y literario de Cartagena de Indias (Septiembre de 1810-Marzo de 1812), que muestra las distintas discusiones que se dieron en torno a temas como nación, gobierno e independencia durante una época turbulenta cuando España había sido invadida por los ejércitos de Napoleón, y el rey Fernando VII fue hecho prisionero, lo cual dejó un vacío de poder que sumió a las provincias del continente americano en la incertidumbre por definir un gobierno.

Este trabajo hace parte del proyecto de investigación Historia Cultural de la Prensa en la Nueva Granada (1810-1820), patrocinado por la Dirección de Investigaciones y la Facultad de Comunicación de la Universidad de La Sabana.
Descubrir un hecho geométrico: ¿mayor conocimiento implica mejor desempeño?
Authors: Samper Carmen , Cepeda-Buitrago Leidy Marcela , Vargas-Guerrero Claudia Marcela
Published: September 2015

Este artículo se deriva de la investigación Aprendizaje de la demostración en geometría euclidiana con el apoyo de un programa de geometría dinámica. Se analizan cambios en el comportamiento racional de un grupo de estudiantes de licenciatura en matemáticas cuando resuelven el mismo problema, en dos momentos diferentes de su formación. Se realizó un estudio de caso de tipo descriptivo-interpretativo de las interacciones de los estudiantes durante cada proceso de resolución. El enfoque está en el uso que les dan a las representaciones gráficas durante ese proceso. Se concluye que el comportamiento racional de los estudiantes en los dos momentos es similar, pero en el segundo momento, tal vez debido a una mayor exigencia en los aspectos formales de la matemática, la exploración se modificó.
Tras los hilos de Ariadna. Memorias y experiencias de formación en los laberintos de la literatura
Authors: Areiza-Pérez Érica , Betancur-Valencia Diela Bibiana
Published: September 2015

El texto pone el acento en tres aspectos fundamentales de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la literatura: la memoria literaria del maestro, la experiencia de los estudiantes en la relación con los libros y algunas estrategias que posibilitan el trabajo con la literatura en el escenario escolar; asimismo, contempla las posibilidades que esta ofrece para la apropiación de conocimiento, la construcción de subjetividad, el despliegue de la imaginación y la sensibilidad, la expresión de los sentidos, la exploración de la riqueza del lenguaje, la comprensión de la realidad y el posicionamiento crítico frente al mundo.
Del cuerpo social al cuerpo femenino callejero: una mirada de las políticas sociales en Bogotá
Authors: Rodríguez Lizarralde Carolina
Published: September 2015

Este artículo hace parte de la tesis de Maestríaen Política Social “Cuerpos femeninos callejeros:hacia una construcción de política socialcon enfoque de género en Bogotá”, trabajoatravesado por mi experiencia corporal –comojoven y servidora del Instituto Distrital para laProtección de la Niñez y la Juventud (Idipron)–.Durante el proceso de investigación se intentóconstruir conocimiento desde quienes estuvimosinvolucradas en la problemática de estudio,cuestionando la construcción de las sexualidadesy los géneros en contextos de calle, así comola respuesta institucional que continúa reproduciendoroles y estereotipos de género en losservicios sociales del Distrito, dirigidos a la niñez y la juventud habitante de calle. El propósito delartículo es presentar el recorrido conceptual parala construcción de una nueva categoría: cuerposfemeninos callejeros.
Percepciones de corrupción de habitantes de Manizales y Pereira
Authors: Ángel Botero Adriana , Fuentes Juárez Álvaro
Published: September 2015

Las cifras recientes muestran a Colombia como un país altamente corrupto. Sin embargo, a pesarde ser un fenómeno no solo característico, sino también costoso para la sociedad colombiana,la corrupción ha sido muy poco estudiada. Con el objetivo de contribuir al estudio de estefenómeno, este artículo describe y analiza laspercepciones de corrupción que tienen los habitantesdel Eje Cafetero. A través de un diseñocuantitativo, este texto mide y problematizadiferentes tipologías de corrupción que han sidosugeridas por diferentes expertos en el tema. El análisis de los datos recolectados problematiza algunas de estas tipologías y, específicamente, muestra que la corrupción es un fenómeno difícil de definir de manera a priori, pues está fuertemente influenciado por la percepción quelos individuos tienen sobre él. Adicionalmente,los datos muestran la estrecha relación que existe entre percepción de la corrupción y educación.
Bacterias autótrofas y heterótrofas asociadas a nieve marina lodosa en arrecifes con escorrentía continental
Authors: Henao-Castro Alejandro , Comba González Natalia , M. Alvarado Ch Elvira , Santamaría Johanna
Published: September 2015

The density of heterotrophic bacteria is greater than autotrophic in marine snow aggregates influenced by continental runoff. Four coral reef areas at different distances from the Canal del Dique served to evaluate this premise; this canal is the main source of inland resources for the coral reefs of the Nuestra Señora del Rosario archipelago in Cartagena in the Colombian Caribbean. The average density of microorganisms in marine snow aggregates was determined using epifluorescence. The results showed higher density of heterotrophic bacteria (3.63 x 104 ± 1.6 x 104 SE cells mL-1) than autotrophic (6 x 103± 1.3 x 103 SE cells mL-1), mainly in reefs near continental runoff discharges (heterotrophic bacteria density of 8.9 x 104 cells mL-1 and 3 x 104 cells mL-1 Isla Arena and Tesoro, respectively). The density of microorganisms found is typical of high-particulate organic matter areas and, therefore, could be a potential indicator of continental runoff. Future studies should focus on determining the composition of the bacterial community associated with marine snow and its potential virulence on reef organisms.
Spatial scale of cyanobacterial blooms in Old Providence Island, Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Puyana Mónica , Acosta Alberto , Bernal-Sotelo Katherine , Velásquez-Rodríguez Trigal , Ramos Freddy
Published: September 2015

The frequency and expansion of cyanobacterial blooms have increased in coastal waters worldwide. These may be facilitated by excessive nutrient input and global warming, exerting negative consequences in marine ecosystems, communities and habitats. Although reports of cyanobacterial blooms are frequent, their causes, consequences and spatial extent are not completely understood, hence restricting regional management actions. From 2009 to 2012 we examined the spatial extent of cyanobacterial blooms in the reef systems off Providencia Island, Colombia. We also identified the main taxa involved in those blooms and evaluated bloom cover within substrate types. Blooms of benthic cyanobacteria consisted of complex microbial consortia belonging to the genera Okeania, Lyngbya, Symploca, Phormidium, Oscillatoria or Spirulina. Cyanobacteria were present in different ecosystems, geomorphological zones and substrate types, particularly at the northwest, east and southeast portions of the island. The soft bottoms, sea grasses and reef ecosystems around Providencia Island are subject to cyanobacterial blooms of varying intensity. There is a strong need to further study the frequency, scale and duration of these events to understand their impact on an ecosystem basis and on the services these provide.
Effect of light quality on Tabebuia rosea seed germination
Authors: Basto Sofía , Ramírez Claudia
Published: September 2015

Tabebuia rosea germination capacity and rate have been examined under light and dark conditions. However, seeds responses to light quality, in particular to short and mid-wavelengths, are not well known. We hypothesized that short wavelengths would have a positive effect on rosea germination. The effects of short, mid and long-wavelengths on germination capacity, rate (germination rate index, germination rate R50, a devised index of germination rate R50´ and peak value), mean daily germination and germination value were evaluated. Light quality had little effect on germination capacity; it was reduced only in darkness. Seeds under short and mid-wavelengths germinated faster (germination rate) than under any other light treatments. We concluded that althoughlt T. rosea seeds respond to all light quality treatments, the short and mid-wavelengths are the cue for increasing germination speed. For synchronizing germination, short and mid-wavelengths transmitted by red cellophane paper can be used as a pre-germinative treatment for restoration and silvicultural purposes.
Algo más que malas noticias.Una revisión crítica a los estudios sobre medios-guerra.
Authors: Bonilla Jorge Iván
Published: September 2015

Este artículo es un estado del arte sobre los estudios que han abordado las relaciones medios-guerra. Se ofrece una revisión crítica de estos estudios en el marco de confrontaciones armadas donde las autoridades han pretendido ejercer su influencia política sobre periodistas, medios y opinión pública para determinar la visión hegemónica en favor de la causa de la guerra. El texto hace énfasis en la naturaleza de la representación mediática de las guerras contemporáneas, en una perspectiva que pone el acento tanto en la cobertura informativa de la guerra como en sus regímenes de visibilidad. Por último, muestra las principales tendencias en los estudios sobre la cobertura del conflicto armado en Colombia.
Inculturación de la teología en Gregorio de Nisa: antecedentes
Authors: Solano Pinzón Orlando
Published: September 2015

Da razón de los antecedentes del trabajode inculturación de la teología en Gregorio de Nisa.Además de una breve aclaración conceptual, haceun acercamiento a su experiencia vital, indagandosobre los elementos que fueron fraguando su fe ysobre el esfuerzo de dar razón de la misma mediantesu labor teológica y pastoral, en el contexto de laculturade su tiempo.
Los orígenes de la reflexión teológica de Zubiri
Authors: González Antonio
Published: September 2015

El objeto de estas líneas es intentaresclarecer los orígenes de las posiciones teológicas queZubiri llegó a hacer propias en su obra más madura.Por ello, nos dirigiremos fundamentalmente a dostextos de Zubiri: “Helenismo y cristianismo” y “Elser sobrenatural: Dios y la deificación en la teologíapaulina”. Dichos textos permiten dar cuenta de susprimeros pasos en el campo de la teología, y resultanvaliosos para la comprensión de su pensamientoteológico definitivo, en relación con los conceptosclaves de su metafísica.
Praxis doxológica de Is 42,8-9 y su alcance ecológico
Authors: Moser Nathan John
Published: September 2015

Aborda el himno de Yahveh, en Is 42,8-9,desde las ciencias interpretativas, con el propósito de sugerir su relevancia actual para la ecología. La lectura del texto, a la luz de su posicionamiento en Isaías, sus técnicas poéticas y su desarrollo diacrónico demuestran la fuerza actual de una relectura ecológica del himno. La aplicación de la teoría del discurso como acto de habla posibilita que la comunidad lectora vincule la fuerza del texto conla misión de la ecojusticia hoy, que consiste –según sugiere el himno– en resistir los idearios de la religión estática, cuidar del medio ambiente y reinterpretar la esperanza ecoescatológica.
La ‘política del lugar’: la Comuna afrodescendiente Playa de Oro, Esmeraldas - Ecuador
Authors: Lobo Janaina
Published: September 2015

El artículo versa sobre los agenciamientos territoriales de la Comuna afrodescendiente de Playa de Oro, localizada en Esmeraldas, cerca de la frontera colombo-ecuatoriana. Situada en márgenes del Rio Santiago, en los límites de la Reserva Ecológica Cotacachi-Cayapas, Playa de Oro tiene paradigmas emblemáticos de gestión del territorio, los cuales apuntan hacia otros modelos culturales sobre la ‘naturaleza’ y sus usos y resguardos. Por medio de una reflexión sobre las ‘perspectivas del habitar’, el objetivo es una comprensión de esa ecología de vida, la cual se ocupa de esos decisivos procesos de compromiso histórico con el paisaje. Esa proposición busca comprender marcos conceptuales operados por los playadoreños en la gestión del territorio, traducidos a una ecología política de acción. Estos esfuerzos son significativos para comprehender los procesos realizados por los playadoreños para invertir la lógica de invisibilización de los pueblos afrodescendientes en América Latina y refrenar la usurpación de sus recursos naturales
Hacia una contextualización de las migraciones de caboverdeanos en el Gran Buenos Aires a partir de sus diferencias generacionales
Authors: Martino María Cecilia
Published: September 2015

El presente artículo se propone analizar las relaciones entre inmigrantes y descendientes de caboverdeanos en el Gran Buenos Aires a partir del análisis de las categorías generacionales en uso, que definen posicionamientos e identificaciones a lo largo del tiempo. Se proponen tres períodos para abordar este proceso de cambio y continuidad, y se analiza de qué forma la dimensión generacional se expresó, a partir de su incorporación al lenguaje institucional de las Sociedades de caboverdeanos, para promocionar la inclusión de los jóvenes en la actualidad, en un contexto de creciente movilización política de las agrupaciones de origen africano en el país. Se concluye que categorías  emergentes como la de “afrodescendientes”, adoptadas por algunos jóvenes en la actualidad,  permiten unificarlos en torno a la conformación de identidades colectivas que retoman la línea de continuidad con el pasado, y revierte el proceso de invisibilización transitado por las generaciones anteriores.
Huellas nietzscheanas en el pensamiento de Foucault
Authors: Svampa María Lucila
Published: September 2015

La historia y la temporalidad encuentran en el pensamiento de Nietzsche un lugar central, en el que se implican también otras nociones fundamentales para el pensamiento político contemporáneo. En este marco, cobran especial importancia la segunda de las Intempestivas, donde Nietzsche arremete contra el historicismo de su época. Si bien, allí la historia aparece como reguladora de la acción en favor de la vida, esta no se vincularía estrictamente a la memoria, sino al olvido. El objetivo del presente trabajo es recuperar estas nociones a la luz del pensamiento de Foucault. Este muestra en diversos escritos su herencia nietzscheana, tanto en la elaboración del modelo de la guerra, como en la construcción de una genealogía de discursos estratégicos que responden a una voluntad de saber.
La ipseidad: Su importancia en la psicopatología
Authors: Dastur Françoise
Published: September 2015

Este artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar la fecundidad de la noción de ipseidad o sí en el dominio de la psicopatología. Las nociones de sujeto o yo que han sido utilizadas desde Descartes para describir al ser humano, han llevado a pensarlo según el modelo de un ser sustancial e inalterable. Por el contrario, la filosofía contemporánea, especialmente con Heidegger, ha elaborado una concepción muy distinta del hombre como un ser esencialmente temporal y relacional. Lo que constituye fundamentalmente el Ser del hombre no es, por tanto, la presencia de un nudo invariable de la personalidad, sino, por el contrario, el conjunto de las relaciones que anuda con el mundo y con los otros que, a cambio, lo definen. La noción de ipseidad concreta, por lo tanto, el carácter reflexivo del ser humano.

Como a su vez lo muestra Paul Ricoeur, la identidad del ser humano es fundamentalmente una identidad narrativa, es decir una identidad que se constituye a través de los avatares de una historia. Lo que es profundamente alterado en la psicosis es precisamente esta apertura y estructura de acogida que es la ipseidad. Por lo tanto, lo que se trata esencialmente de restaurar por medio de la terapia es la capacidad de constituirse como un sí a través de la duración y abrirse, de esta manera, a la imprevisibilidad del acontecimiento.
Verdad, metafísica y epistemología. Observaciones sobre la neutralidad de la verdad
Authors: Forero Mora José Andrés
Published: September 2015

El presente texto pretende mostrar que la verdad es neutral con respecto a la metafísica y a la epistemología, esto es, que para hacer un análisis satisfactorio de la manera como cotidianamente usamos el discurso de verdad no es necesario aludir a la naturaleza del mundo ni a la naturaleza de nuestras capacidades epistémicas. Para esto, en primera instancia se explicitan las intuiciones de sentido común que parecen acercar la verdad a la metafísica o a la epistemología (sección 1); posteriormente, se analiza la función que el predicado «es verdadero» cumple dentro de nuestro lenguaje natural (sección 2); por último, con base en este análisis, se retoman las intuiciones mencionadas con el fin de indagar por su carácter intuitivo y la supuesta relación con la metafísica y la epistemología.
Comparison of acid- and non-acid-based surface preparations of Nb-doped SrTiO3 (001)
Authors: Hatch Richard C. , Choi Miri , Posadas Agham B. , Demkov Alexander A.
Published: September 2015

High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the relative effectiveness of acid- and non-acid-based surface preparations of Nb-doped SrTiO3 (STO) single crystals. ARPES measurements show that boiling STO in deionized water produces surfaces of similar quality to those etched with buffered HF (Kawasaki method), or HCl/HNO3 (Arkansas method). XPS measurements indicate this water-based surface preparation is more effective than acid-based methods at removing SrOx crystallites and leaving the surface TiO2-terminated.
Vowel identification in temporal-modulated noise for native and non-native listeners: Effect of language experience
Authors: Guan Jingjing , Liu Chang , Tao Sha , Mi Lin , Wang Wenjing , Dong Qi
Published: September 2015

A previous study found that English vowel identification in babble was significantly different between Chinese-native listeners in China and in the U.S. One possible explanation is that native English experiences might change Chinese-native listeners' ability to take advantage of the temporal modulation in noise for their English vowel perception. As a follow-up, the current study explored whether there was a difference between the two groups of Chinese listeners in using temporal gaps in noise for English vowel identification. Vowel identification in temporally modulated noise and a temporal modulation transfer function (TMTF) was measured for American-English-native listeners (EN), Chinese-native listeners in the U.S. (CNU), and Chinese-native listeners in China (CNC). The results revealed that TMTFs were similar across the three groups, indicating that psychophysical temporal processing was independent of listeners' language backgrounds. However, for vowel identification in noise, EN and CNU listeners showed significantly greater masking release from the temporal modulation of noise than CNC listeners at low signal-to-noise ratios (e.g., −12 dB). Altogether, native English experiences may change the use of temporal cues in noise for English vowel identification for Chinese-native listeners.
Coach Pressure and Disordered Eating in Female Collegiate Athletes: Is the Coach-Athlete Relationship a Mediating Factor?
Authors: Coker-Cranney Ashley , Reel Justine J.
Published: September 2015

When athletes “uncritically accept” the coaching expectations associated with their sport, negative health consequences (e.g., disordered eating behaviors, clinical eating disorders) may result. The coach’s influence on disordered eating behaviors may be a product of factors related to overconformity to the sport ethic, issues with coach communication regarding recommendations for weight management, and the strength of the coach-athlete relationship. The present study investigated perceived weight-related coach pressure, the coach-athlete relationship, and disordered eating behaviors by surveying 248 female varsity athletes and dancers from four universities. Mediational analysis revealed that the coach-athlete relationship was a partial mediating variable between perceived coach pressures and disordered eating behaviors. Subsequently, strong relationships between coaches and their athletes may reduce the negative impact of perceived weight-related coach pressure on the development or exacerbation of disordered eating behaviors in female collegiate athletes.
The insulin response integrates increased TGF-β signaling through Akt-induced enhancement of cell surface delivery of TGF-β receptors
Authors: Budi Erine H. , Muthusamy Baby-Periyanayaki , Derynck Rik
Published: September 2015

Insulin enhances the response to TGF-β, a cytokine that promotes fibrosis.
Synapse and genome: An elusive tête-à-tête
Authors: Clark Erin A. , Nelson Sacha B.
Published: September 2015

Recent articles put the role of DNA methylation in synaptic plasticity under the spotlight.
Breaking down cardiolipin
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: September 2015

The neuroprotective enzyme HSD10 degrades oxidized cardiolipin, an apoptotic trigger.