bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporating structured metacognitive training into an undergraduate anatomy classroom
Authors: Ruth Aidan A. , Dzara Kristina
Published: November 2024

Metacognition includes the processes that learners use to plan, monitor, and assess their learning and is tied to academic performance and growth‐oriented attitudes toward learning. Learning anatomy presents challenges to learners at all levels, and for many, necessitates a change in learning strategies and metacognitive awareness. We sought to examine whether structured metacognitive training situated in an undergraduate anatomy course could improve these skills. At the beginning and end of the course, students completed the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) and several short free response questions. Individually matched pre‐and post‐course MAI scores were compared using paired‐sample t‐tests. The authors conducted a directed content analysis for the free response questions using the “knowledge of cognition” (KC) and “regulation of cognition” (RC) domains and their associated subcategories. All three KC subcategories showed statistically significant increases from pre‐ to post‐course questionnaires. Effect sizes were small to moderate. Only two of five RC subcategories showed significant differences between pre‐ and post‐course questionnaires: Information Management strategies and Evaluation. Directed content analysis revealed that students displayed an increase in metacognitive knowledge, particularly in the KC domain. Although RC developed for some learners, others also had insightful comments about challenges in this area—particularly regarding planning, motivation, and focus while learning independently. These results show that metacognitive training in an undergraduate anatomy course can improve students' metacognitive awareness. However, more targeted, specific strategies may be useful to develop students' metacognitive regulation.
Enhanced Performance via End‐Group Alteration of Benzodithiophene‐Based Donors for Organic Solar Cells: a Theoretical Study
Authors: Liu Kai‐Xin , Yang Jie , Li Quan‐Song
Published: November 2024

Donor in organic solar cells (OSCs) is essential for promoting charge transport and enhancing photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this work, five new donors M1–M5 were designed by changing the end group to 3‐hexyl‐2,4‐dithiothiazolidine, dicyano‐hexylrhodanine, 1,1‐dicyanomethylene‐3‐indanone, 1,3‐indenedione and 1,1‐dicyano‐5,6‐difluoroindanone, respectively. The optoelectronic properties of the six donors and their interfacial properties with the well‐known acceptor Y6 were studied by density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT). The calculation results show that the absorption ranges of M1–M5 in the visible light region are expanded, the red shift degrees of M1 and M3 are obvious (73 nm, 63 nm), and the light absorption abilities are obviously improved. The hole migration efficiency of M2, M4 and M5 is improved, which is beneficial to improve the charge transfer efficiency. The proportion of charge transfer states at the M1/Y6 and M4/Y6 interfaces increased by 7.5 % and 2.5 %, respectively. Moreover, the charge transfer states generated at the M1/Y6 interface through the intermolecular electric field mechanism and hot exciton mechanism are more dominant. Our calculation results not only provide several potential small molecule donors for experimental synthesis, but also have certain reference value for understanding the charge transfer mechanism at the donor/acceptor (D/A) interface.
Synthesis and Properties of 5,15‐Dioxaporphyrin Bearing Various meso‐Aryl Substituents
Authors: Tanaka Yuki , Tsutsumi Taiyou , Mori Shigeki , Ide Yuki , Ikeue Takahisa , Shimizu Soji
Published: November 2024

Herein, a scope of meso‐substituents for the synthesis of 5,15‐dioxaporphyrins (DOPs), a novel antiaromatic porphyrinoid, was investigated. DOPs with various types of aryl substituents were synthesized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of nickel bis(α,α’‐dibromodipyrrin) complexes bearing corresponding meso‐aryl substituents and subsequent intramolecular annulation reaction of β‐hydroxy‐substituted intermediates. Using a copper dipyrrin complex instead of nickel complexes, a copper complex of DOP was synthesized for the first time. The meso‐substituents did not significantly alter the antiaromaticity of DOPs but affected crystal packing diagrams and oxidation behaviors; DOPs with less sterically hindering para‐substituted phenyl or 2‐thienyl substituents formed mutual stacking in the crystal structures, whereas the covalently β‐β linked dimer species was generated during the electrochemical oxidation of those kinds of DOPs.
Two Approaches to the Synthesis of Redox‐Switchable 5,10,20‐Triaryl‐5,15‐diazaporphyrinoids
Authors: Murata Yui , Sudoh Keisuke , Furukawa Ko , Nakano Haruyuki , Matano Yoshihiro
Published: November 2024

Despite the significant development and extensive application of phthalocyanine and related azaporphyrins, little attention has been paid to meso‐N‐substituted azaporphyrinoids. Here, we report new derivatives of 5,10,20‐triaryl‐5,15‐diazaporphyrinoids (Ar3DAP), which are reversibly redox‐switchable between the 18π‐ and 19π‐electron state. Four kinds of metal(II) complexes and free bases of Ar3DAP were prepared by metal‐templated cyclization of metal(II) complexes of 5,10,15‐triaryl‐10‐azabiladiene‐ac with sodium azide or copper‐catalyzed N‐phenylation of 10,20‐diaryl‐5,15‐diazaporphyrins (Ar2DAP) with diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate. In particular, regioselective N‐phenylation of covalently linked Ar2DAP dimer afforded two kinds of dimers bearing one or two meso‐N‐phenyl groups. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that attaching one aryl group onto the meso‐nitrogen atom markedly changed the redox potentials of the DAP ring. The aromaticity and optical properties of the new Ar3DAP π‐electron systems were assessed using various spectroscopic measurements and density functional theory calculations. The distribution pattern of an electron spin in the neutral Ar2DAP–Ar3DAP radical revealed that the meso‐N‐phenyl group had a remarkable effect on spin delocalization of DAP π‐radical. The present study provides valuable information for understanding the effects of the number of meso‐N‐substituents on azaporphyrin‐based π‐electron systems.
Impact of organisational capabilities on the implementation of circularity‐oriented activities
Authors: Dagilienė Lina , Varaniūtė Viktorija , Šutienė Kristina
Published: November 2024

A transition to a circular economy should be seen as a fundamental systemic change involving a rethinking and development of organisational capabilities. Most studies have focused on the normative aspects of what circular capabilities and circularity‐oriented activities should be. There is a lack of research empirically demonstrating what dynamic capabilities influence circularity‐oriented activities, which range from product design to waste management. By using survey data of 139 incumbent manufacturing companies, this paper investigates organisational capabilities that influence the implementation of circularity‐oriented activities. The functional relationship analysis is performed by combining a variance‐based structural equation model with ordered logistic regression. Zooming‐in and zooming‐out perspectives highlight the dynamic nature of circular capabilities. Our empirical results show that zooming‐out capabilities (adaptability to the network, adaptability to regulation, consumer acceptance) positively influence product design, while zooming‐in capabilities (financial capabilities and organisational resources and skills) positively affect circularity‐oriented activities, such as cleaner production and waste management.
The Structural Permissiveness of Triosephosphate Isomerase (TpiA) of Escherichia coli
Authors: Calles Belén , Pitarch Borja , de Lorenzo Víctor
Published: November 2024

Triosephosphate isomerase (TpiA) is widely regarded as an example of an optimally evolved enzyme due to its essential role in biological systems, its structural conservation, and its near‐perfect kinetic parameters. In this study, we investigated the structural robustness of the archetypal TpiA variant from Escherichia coli using an in vitro 5‐amino acid linker scanning method. The resulting library was introduced into a tpiA mutant strain for functional complementation. From this library, 16 TpiA variants that were phenotypically indistinguishable from the wild‐type enzyme were selected for further analysis. Although all variants retained enzymatic activities within the wild‐type range, several insertions were found in highly structured protein domains where the linker was expected to cause significant structural perturbations. Despite these potentially disruptive additions, the enzymes maintained their activity even when expressed in a dnaK mutant, suggesting that chaperones did not compensate for structural abnormalities in vivo. Additionally, when these mutant TpiA variants were produced using an in vitro transcription/translation system, they exhibited enzymatic activity comparable to, and in some cases exceeding, that of the non‐mutated enzyme. AlphaFold2 exposed that insertions reconstructed the local architecture of the nearby amino acid sequences. The evolutionary implications of this remarkable structural resilience are discussed.
A Facile Label‐Free Colorimetric Assay for DNase I Activity Based on the Peroxidase‐Like Activity of Functional Nucleic Acids
Authors: Song Yi , Yan Xu‐Xia , Sun Shao‐Yu , Bian Wei‐Jie , Su Xiao‐Dong , Qiu Hui‐Dong , Zhou Qian‐Yu
Published: November 2024

DNase I plays a crucial role in fundamental biological processes, including gene expression, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Therefore, it is important to develop a simple and efficient method to detect DNase I activity. In this work, a colorimetric assay based on functional nucleic acid for sensitive DNase I detection was reported. The functional nucleic acids with G‐rich bases exhibit peroxidase‐like activity under acetic acid conditions, capable of catalyzing the oxidation of chromogenic substrate 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The specific nucleic acid is designed as the substrate for DNase I, which can hydrolyze the strand and reduce the catalytic activity of the reaction system. Based on this, a sensitive, simple, efficient, and cost‐effective colorimetric detection platform was constructed for the quantitative analysis of DNase I. The detection limit (3σ/s) for DNase I was 0.046 U/mL with a linear range of 0.1–1 U/mL. Moreover, the practicality of this colorimetric detection platform was demonstrated by detecting DNase I in human serum.
Compartmentalized Sesquiterpenoid Biosynthesis and Functionalization in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Plastid
Authors: Gutiérrez Sergio , Overmans Sebastian , Wellman Gordon B. , Lauersen Kyle J.
Published: November 2024

Terpenoids play key roles in cellular metabolism and can have specialized functions. Their heterologous production in microbial hosts offers an alternative to natural extraction. Here, we developed a subcellular engineering approach in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by targeting both sesquiterpenoid synthases and cytochrome P450s (CYPs) to the plastid, exploiting its photosynthetic electron transport chain to drive CYP‐mediated oxidation without reductase partners. Nuclear‐encoded sesquiterpenoid synthases were expressed with farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase fusions and targeted to the plastid, while CYPs were modified for soluble localization in the plastid stroma by removing transmembrane domains. The plastid environment supported hydroxylation, epoxidation, and oxidation reactions, with functionalization efficiencies reaching 80 % of accumulated products. Carbon source availability influenced product ratios, revealing metabolic flexibility in the engineered pathways. Overall sesquiterpenoid yields ranged between 250–2500 μg L−1 under screening conditions, establishing proof‐of‐concept for using plastid biochemistry in complex terpenoid biosynthesis. Living two‐phase terpenoid extractions with different perfluorinated solvents revealed variable performances based on sesquiterpenoid functionalization and solvent type. This work demonstrates that photosynthetic electron transport can drive CYP‐mediated functionalization in engineered subcellular compartments. However, improvements in photobioreactor cultivation concepts will be required to facilitate the use of algal chassis for scaled production.
Catalytic Activity of Cellulose‐Supported Platinum and Palladium Nanoparticles for Allylbenzene Hydrogenation
Authors: Thiel Tabea Angela , Parapat Riny Yolandha , Schroeter Michael , Schwarze Michael
Published: November 2024

Platinum and palladium nanoparticles were successfully deposited on tunicate cellulose via the photodeposition or microemulsion deposition method. Evenly distributed, small and narrow‐sized particles in the range of 2–3 nm were obtained for microemulsion‐prepared cellulose catalysts. The photodeposition method led to larger particle sizes, broader size distribution, and occasional agglomerations. The catalysts were tested in the allylbenzene hydrogenation reaction at room temperature and the results were compared to commercially available catalysts. Because of smaller particles, both microemulsion‐prepared catalysts and photodeposited ones show better activity than commercial catalysts. Even platinum and palladium nanoparticles were active for the hydrogenation, only cellulose‐supported platinum nanoparticles showed good stability. For palladium nanoparticles, stronger leaching from the surface of cellulose was observed. Cellulose‐supported catalysts were recycled, and reusability is comparable to commercial catalysts. Therefore, cellulose could be used as an alternative catalyst support.
Exploring Glycan‐Lectin Interactions in Natural‐Like Environments: A View Using NMR Experiments Inside Cell and on Cell Surface
Authors: Bertuzzi Sara , Lete Marta G. , Franconetti Antonio , Diercks Tammo , Delgado Sandra , Oyenarte Iker , Moure Maria J. , Nuñez‐Franco Reyes , Valverde Pablo , Lenza Maria Pia , Sobczak Klaudia , Jiménez‐Osés Gonzalo , Paulson James C. , Ardá Ana , Ereño‐Orbea June , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús
Published: November 2024

Glycan‐mediated molecular recognition events are essential for life. NMR is widely used to monitor glycan binding to lectins in solution using isolated glycans and lectins. In this context, we herein explore diverse NMR methodologies, from both the receptor and ligand perspectives, to monitor glycan‐lectin interactions under experimental conditions mimicking the native milieu inside cells and on cell surface. For the NMR experiments inside cells, galectin‐7 is employed as model, since most galectins are soluble and carry out their functions in the cellular micro‐environment. Using Danio Rerio oocytes, the 1H‐15N HMQC NMR spectrum of a folded galectin has been observed inside cell for the first time, using a glycomimetic ligand (TDG) to overcoming the natural tendency of galectins to bind to numerous galactose‐containing receptors within cells. Alternatively, most lectins, other than galectins, are displayed on the cell surface, providing a multivalent presentation to bind their glycan partners in cis (at the same cell) or in trans (on other cells). In this case, ligand‐based STD‐NMR experiments have been successfully applied to account for the interactions of natural glycans and glycomimetics with Siglec‐10. These methodologies provide the proof‐of‐concept to open the door to the NMR analysis of the recognition of glycans in native‐like settings.
Intermolecular Forces‐Oriented Growth of MOF‐on‐MOF Heterostructures
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Hang Xinxin , Du Meng , Yang Zhangbin , Li Runtao , An Yang , Pang Huan
Published: November 2024

Well‐controlled conjugation of distinct metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with dissimilar components and structures into a multi‐component MOF system is important for the design of myriad materials with structural complexity, integrated properties, and desired applications. Herein, we developed an interesting integration strategy that relies on intermolecular force, and which can overcome the difference in lattice parameters. The strategy uses the pre‐formed MOF matrixes as seeds to direct the self‐assembly of secondary MOF particles for the construction of hybrid MOFs. As a proof of concept, the representative core‐satellite‐type Ni‐MOF@ZIF‐8 and core‐shell‐type MOF‐74@ZIF‐8 heterostructures were achieved. Theory calculations elucidate the uncommon formation of well‐defined hybrid MOFs by self‐assembly of secondary ZIF‐8 particles to anchor on Ni‐MOF or MOF‐74 seed surface via hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. We anticipate that this work opens an avenue to design the multi‐component MOF systems from different MOFs with lattice mismatching.
Triskelion‐Shaped Hexabenzocoronenes: Synthesis and Characterization of Tris‐Substituted HBC Derivatives
Authors: Buck Janina , Hampel Frank , Hirsch Andreas
Published: November 2024

The synthesis of unprecedented triskelion‐shaped hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes with C3, C3h or D3h symmertry is reported. We present a new, five step synthetic access to tris‐iodinated HBC derivatives carrying different solubilizing moieties (tert‐butyl and mesityl), which serve as suitable building blocks for further functionalization. These molecules can undergo Sonogashira cross coupling reactions to obtain a series of seven ethynyl tris‐substituted HBCs. The coupling partners range from carbon‐based aromatic scaffolds (tBu‐benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene) to ligands for metal complexes (bipyridine, phenanthroline, terpyridine, acetylacetone). The optoelectronic properties were investigated by UV/vis absorption spectroscopy resulting in a significant bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum compared to the iodinated starting material. Semiempirical calculations were used to determine the conformation and symmetry of the compounds.
Twofold 6π‐Electrocyclization as a Route Toward Multi‐Heteroatom‐Doped Nanographenes Built on a 1,4‐Dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole Core
Authors: Górski Krzysztof , Pejov Ljupcho , Jørgensen Kåre B. , Knysh Iryna , Jacquemin Denis , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: November 2024

Here we present a highly versatile synthetic strategy based on twofold 6π‐electrocyclization accompanied with HBr elimination as a novel approach towards centrosymmetric multi‐heteroatom‐doped nanographenes build around an electron‐rich 1,4‐dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole core. A straightforward synthesis from readily available substrates offers a unique possibility of fusing the 1,4‐dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole subunit not only with carbocyclic building blocks, such as electron‐deficient phenanthrenes, chrysenes, or [4]helicenes, but also with heterocyclic systems, such as benzo[b]furan and 5‐thiatruxene. The clear advantage of this strategy is that there is no requirement to assemble complex scaffolds possessing bromoaryl units since bromine atom is introduced by bromination of 1,4‐dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole core which, because of its exceptionally electron‐rich character, is straightforward reaction. The obtained χ‐shaped and S‐shaped nanographenes containing 10 or more fused rings, exhibit visible‐range emissions characterized by fluorescence quantum yields reaching 48 %. Computational studies of the reaction mechanism revealed that the 6π‐electrocyclization is kinetically favourable over photo‐induced direct arylation. Steady‐state UV/Visible spectroscopy reveals that upon photoexcitation, the prepared S‐shaped N‐doped nanographenes undergo mostly radiative relaxation leading to large fluorescence quantum yields. We anticipate that this chemistry will empower the creation of new materials with various functionalities.
Electrochemical and Thermal Evolution of P2 Na2/3MnO2
Authors: Thilakarathna B. D. K. K. , Mittal Uttam , Peng Jian , Brocklebank Daniel , Brand Helen E. A. , Sharma Neeraj
Published: November 2024

P2 Na2/3MnO2 can be used as a cathode material in sodium‐ion batteries. Here, the electrochemical‐temperature‐dependent evolution of P2 Na2/3MnO2 is investigated using X‐ray powder diffraction. P2 Na2/3MnO2 powder under a N2 atmosphere shows evidence of the formation of a monoclinic C2/m phase, from about 450 °C. The P2 Na2/3MnO2 electrode sealed in a capillary undergoes a sequence of phase transitions from the as‐prepared hexagonal P63/mmc to a secondary hexagonal P63/mmc phase followed by a transition to Mn3O4 and subsequently MnO. NaF also appears parallel to the formation of the secondary hexagonal phase. These transitions suggest a local reducing environment as the Mn oxidation state evolves from 3+/4+ to 2+. The samples at various states of charge show similar thermal evolution with the exception of the discharged (Na‐inserted) state which features a slightly more complex evolution. Understanding the structure and thermal evolution at various states of charge and under various conditions provides insight into the stability of these potential cathode materials.
Human Pancreas‐Derived Organoids with Controlled Polarity: Detailed Protocols and Experimental Timeline
Authors: Kiss Aletta , Farkas Attila , Ayaydin Ferhan , Lázár György , Varga Árpád , Maléth József
Published: November 2024

Since their discovery, 3D cell cultures have emerged as powerful tools across various basic, translational research, and industrial discovery projects. One such application is in the physiological and pathophysiological modeling of pancreatic exocrine functions, which addresses critical clinical challenges, including acute and chronic pancreatitis. While several methods now exist for generating epithelial organoids (derived from induced pluripotent, embryonic, or adult stem cells), the advent of patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) with controlled polarity has introduced a new frontier in pancreatic research. This advancement has significantly expanded the methodological arsenal available for studying human pancreatic epithelial secretion.

In this article, we present basic protocols and a troubleshooting guide for an advanced culture method that results in an apical‐to‐basal polarity switch. Alongside the protocols, we emphasize a comprehensive cost breakdown, an aspect often challenging to estimate when implementing new techniques. By sharing the technical nuances and financial implications of these protocols, we aim to encourage researchers to transition from rodent models to primary human epithelial cells wherever feasible. This aligns with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's efforts to accelerate the translation of significant scientific findings to address major clinical needs. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Establishment and maintenance of pancreatic PDOs

Basic Protocol 2: Cryopreservation and thawing of pancreatic PDOs

Basic Protocol 3: Inducing polarity switching in pancreatic PDOs
Active restoration efforts drive community succession and assembly in a desert during the past 53 years
Authors: Hou Qingqing , Hu Weigang , Sun Ying , Morriën Elly , Yang Qiang , Aqeel Muhammad , Du Qiajun , Xiong Junlan , Dong Longwei , Yao Shuran , Peng Jie , Sun Yuan , Akram Muhammad Adnan , Xia Rui , Zhang Yahui , Wang Xiaoting , Xie Shubin , Wang Liang , Zhang Liang , Li Fan , Deng Yan , Luo Jiali , Yuan Jingyan , Ma Quanlin , Niklas Karl J. , Ran Jinzhi , Deng Jianming
Published: November 2024

Regreening efforts in deserts have been implemented globally to combat land degradation and desert expansion, but how they affect above‐ and belowground community succession and assembly processes remains unknown. Here, we examined variations in plant and soil microbial community attributes along a 53‐year restoration chronosequence following the establishment of straw checkerboard barriers (SCBs) in the Tengger Desert of China. This approach is a combination of fixing shifting sand and adding organic material (straw) simultaneously to expedite vegetation restoration by enhancing the success of plant establishment. Our findings revealed that the establishment of SCBs significantly triggered plant and soil microbial communities to gradually approximate those of the natural community along restoration duration. We observed positive and negative bidirectional shifts in plant and soil microbial community composition. Critical temporal threshold zones for relatively rapid changes in community composition were identified, with 2–15.5 years for plants, 0.5–8.5 years for bacteria, and 2–8.5 years for fungi. This suggests a delayed response of plant communities to restoration efforts compared with soil microbial communities. Both stochastic and deterministic processes regulated plant and soil microbial community assembly. Stochastic processes played a more important role in plant and fungal community succession, whereas deterministic processes primarily governed bacterial succession. In terms of deterministic processes, temporal variations in community composition mainly resulted from the intrinsic correlations among plant, bacterial, and fungal communities, as well as an increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) with restoration duration. Thus, temporal patterns and functional contributions of bacterial communities appear to be more predictable than those of plant and fungal communities during desert ecosystem restoration. This study emphasizes that plant‐bacteria‐fungi correlations and increasing SOC content are critical for accelerating community succession and promoting dryland restoration. Future studies should explore and integrate temporal variations and restoration effects of multiple ecosystem functions to better predict dryland development and resilience to global climate changes over a large temporal scale.
Effect of Pomacea canaliculata on Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri: Behavior, Oxidative Stress, and Microbiota Alterations
Authors: Liu Mingyuan , Sui Changrun , Wang Baolong , Ma Pengfei , Zhang Weixiao , Huang Ruipin , Wang Yuqing , Qiu Zhujun , Zhao Wenyu , Zhang Tao , Zhang Qian , Liu Ying
Published: November 2024

Pomacea canaliculata is an invasive species which has significantly impacted native ecosystems globally. The benthic worm Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri is essential for the stability of the native aquatic ecosystem, facilitating the nutrient cycle dynamics through bioturbation. Nevertheless, limited information exists regarding the impact of P. canaliculata on those key native benthic species. Present study evaluated the impacts of P. canaliculata on L. hoffmeisteri by exposing L. hoffmeisteri to P. canaliculata (PC group) and the native snail Bellamya aeruginosa (BA group), with a control group consisting of no snails (NS group). The survival rate of L. hoffmeisteri in the PC group persisted diminished over 14 days, with notable declines in the rates of successful food acquisition and aggregation, an increase in migration, and a decrease in swing frequency. Elevated oxidative stress levels were linked to these alterations in L. hoffmeisteri behavior. Additionally, the presence of P. canaliculata increased the abundance of intestinal pathogenic bacteria in L. hoffmeisteri, with Aeromonas being one of the most lethal. Experimental models of Aeromonas‐free P. canaliculata (AFPC), re‐infected AFPC (IPC), and Aeromonas (As) were established to illustrate the role of Aeromonas in the decline of L. hoffmeisteri. Similar patterns in L. hoffmeisteri survival, behavior, and oxidative stress were observed in As, IPC, and PC group; however, these effects were mitigated by the elimination of Aeromonas in the AFPC group. Furthermore, L. hoffmeisteri was fatally affected by the four Aeromonas strains that were obtained from P. canaliculata intestine. These findings indicate that P. canaliculata exerts a deleterious impact on L. hoffmeisteri, and Aeromonas colonizing in intestine plays an important role. This study reveals a novel invasion mechanism of P. canaliculata.
Video of rusty‐spotted genets consuming bats and other prey: Behaviors observed and eco‐epidemiological considerations
Authors: Labadie Morgane , Do Linh San Emmanuel , Morand Serge , Caron Alexandre , Niama Fabien Roch , Nguilili Guytrich Franel , Tobi N'Kaya , De Nys Hélène Marie , Bourgarel Mathieu
Published: November 2024

Following the implementation of a camera trap‐monitoring protocol of interactions between cave bats and wildlife in the Republic of Congo, we identified sustained rusty‐spotted genet (Genetta maculata) activity in Boundou cave. This cave, consisting of a single chamber, is home to a colony of several species of insectivorous bats throughout the year. Between 2022 and 2023, we recorded four events of bat or rodent consumption, one hunting attempt on bats and three feeding behaviors on insects. We describe and discuss the various behaviors and briefly elaborate on the potential epidemiological implications of bat consumption. To the best of our knowledge, our videos are the first to depict the consumption of bats by rusty‐spotted genets.
Cardiogenic shock mortality according to Aetiology in a Mediterranean cohort: Results from the Shock‐CAT study
Authors: García‐García Cosme , López‐Sobrino Teresa , Sanz‐Girgas Esther , Cueto Maria R. , Aboal Jaime , Pastor Pablo , Buera Irene , Sionis Alessandro , Andrea Rut , Rodríguez‐López Judit , Sánchez‐Salado Jose Carlos , Tomas Carlos , Bañeras Jordi , Ariza Albert , Lupón Josep , Bayés‐Genís Antoni , Rueda Ferran ,   Grup de Treball de Cures Agudes Cardiològiques Societat Catalana de Cardiologia
Published: November 2024

Aims

Mortality in cardiogenic shock (CS) remains elevated, with the potential for CS causes to impact prognosis and risk stratification. The aim was to investigate in‐hospital prognosis and mortality in CS patients according to aetiology. We also assessed the prognostic accuracy of CardShock and IABP‐SHOCK II scores.

Methods

Shock‐CAT study was a multicentre, prospective, observational study conducted from December 2018 to November 2019 in eight university hospitals in Catalonia, including non‐selected consecutive CS patients. Data on clinical presentation, management, including mechanical circulatory support (MCS) were analysed comparing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) related CS and non‐AMI‐CS. The accuracy of CardShock and IABP‐SHOCK II scores to assess 90 day mortality risk were also compared.

Results

A total of 382 CS patients were included, age 65.3 (SD 13.9) years, 75.1% men. Patients were classified as AMI‐CS (n = 232, 60.7%) and non‐AMI‐CS (n = 150, 39.3%). In the AMI‐CS group, 77.6% were STEMI. Main aetiologies for non‐AMI‐CS were heart failure (36.2%), arrhythmias (22.1%) and valve disease (8.0%). AMI‐CS patients required more MCS than non‐AMI‐CS (43.1% vs. 16.7%, P < 0.001). In‐hospital mortality was higher in AMI‐CS (37.1 vs. 26.7%, P = 0.035), with a two‐fold increased risk after multivariate adjustment (odds ratio 2.24, P = 0.019). The IABP‐SHOCK II had superior discrimination for predicting 90 day mortality when compared with CardShock in AMI‐CS patients [area under the curve (AUC) 0.74 vs. 0.66, P = 0.047] although both scores performed similarly in non‐AMI‐CS (AUC 0.64 vs. 0.62, P = 0.693).

Conclusions

In our cohort, AMI‐CS mortality was increased by two‐fold when compared with non‐AMI‐CS. IABP‐SHOCK II score provides better 90 day mortality risk prediction than CardShock score in AMI‐CS, but both scores performed similar in non‐AMI‐CS patients.
Core‐Shell Upconversion Nanoparticle@Metal–Organic Framework Fluorescent Nanoprobes for the Detection of Ferric Ions and Ferrous Ions
Authors: Su Jian , Wang Lu
Published: November 2024

In this study, we report a core‐shell fluorescent nanoprobe consisting of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) NaGdF4 : Yb3+, Er3+ and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) ZIF‐8. ZIF‐8 can specifically bind to ferric ions (Fe3+) to change the ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectrum of the probe, as a result the fluorescence of the probe was quenched and achieve the detection of Fe3+. At the same time, since rhodamine B (RhB) can quench the fluorescence of this probe, by introducing ferrous ions (Fe2+) and hydrogen peroxide, based on Fenton reaction, the fluorescence signal of this probe can be recovered after the degradation of RhB, so it also can be used to detect Fe2+. Importantly, as the first report of UCNP@MOF probes for detecting Fe3+ and Fe2+, respectively, this method exhibits a good selectivity and anti‐interference capability. Finally, it was used to detect Fe3+ and Fe2+ in the serum with excellent recoveries.
Nickel(II) Complexes of Sterically Hindered 3N Donor Ligands as Models for Quercetin‐2,4‐Dioxygenase: Impact of Terminal Amine Substituent on Dioxygenolysis Reactivity
Authors: Karthickram Devaraj , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Sundaravel Karuppasamy
Published: November 2024

Four mononuclear nickel(II) complexes 1–4 of terminal nitrogens systematically derivatized diethylenetriamine ligands [L1=N1‐(cyclohexylmethyl)‐N2‐(2‐((cyclohexyl‐ methyl)amino)ethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine, L2=N1‐benzyl‐N2‐(2‐(benzylamino)‐ ethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine, L3=N1‐phenethyl‐N2‐(2‐(phenethylamino)ethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine and L4=N1‐(naphthalen‐1‐ylmethyl)‐N2‐(2‐((naphthalen‐1‐ylmethyl)amino)ethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine] and their nickel(II)‐flavonolate adducts 1 a–4 a have been synthesized as biomimetic models for nickel(II)‐containing quercetin‐2,4‐dioxygenase. XRD analysis of complex 1 reveals a distorted octahedral coordination environment around nickel(II) with NiN3Cl2O chromophore. The Epa values (+0.903 V for 3 a<+0.931 V for 1 a<+0.941 V for 4 a<+0.949 V for 2 a) in DMF attribute the increase in Lewis acidity of Ni(II) centre in the adducts with concomitant decrease in the extend of π‐back bonding from Ni(II)‐to‐fla− as influenced by the nature of terminal Ncycloalkyl/aryl substituents. Upon exposure to O2, all the adducts in DMF at 70 °C decompose the bound fla− into their ring‐opened products at reasonable rate constant values (1.8–2.3×10−3 s−1). The adduct 3 a with an additional −CH2 spacer makes the phenyl ring more dangling than that in 2 a, renders less steric crowding at terminal nitrogen thereby enhance the Ni(II)→flavonolate π‐backdonation and rate of dioxygenation. The formation of flavonoxy radical during the dioxygenative degradation pathway is confirmed by adding free‐radical scavenger TEMPO.
Continuous glucose monitoring in para cyclists: An observational study
Authors: Weijer Vera , van der Werf Rob , van der Haijden Myrthe , Jeukendrup Asker , van Loon Luc J. C. , Dijk Jan‐Willem van
Published: November 2024

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is an emerging tool for dietary counseling in athletes. This study aimed to explore blood glucose profiles in Para cyclists and evaluate CGM accuracy at rest and during exercise. Thirteen Para cyclists, comprising eight hand bikers and five cyclists, wore a CGM sensor (Abbott) for 2 weeks. Participants recorded the timing of meals and regular training sessions and executed one standardized training session. Fifteen capillary blood glucose reference values (seven at rest and eight during the standardized training) were obtained by finger pricks. Mean glucose concentrations and time spent in hypoglycemia (<3.9 mmol/L), euglycemia (3.9–7.8 mmol/L), and hyperglycemia (>7.8 mmol/L) were calculated over 24 hrs and during daytime, nighttime, exercise, and 2 hrs postprandial periods. Mean absolute relative differences (MARD) were calculated between the CGM and capillary blood glucose. The mean glucose concentration over the 24 hr‐period was 5.7 (5.6–5.8) mmol/L. Athletes were in the euglycemia range 91% of the time. Hyperglycemia was almost exclusively observed postprandially and during exercise. Hypoglycemia was restricted to the night and was particularly observed in athletes with a spinal cord injury. CGM accuracy was acceptable at rest (MARD: 12%) but markedly lower during exercise (MARD: 34%; p = 0.01), especially for hand bikers (MARD: 41%) compared with cyclists (MARD: 24%; p = 0.01). Para cyclists generally do not display signs of disturbed glucose regulation. However, the increased risk for nocturnal hypoglycemia in athletes with a spinal cord injury warrants attention. Furthermore, CGM accuracy is compromised during exercise, especially if the sensor is in proximity to highly active muscles.
Application of Machine Learning Techniques to the Prediction of Onset and Persistence of Binge Eating: A Prospective Study
Authors: McClure Zoe , Greenwood Christopher J. , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Messer Mariel , Linardon Jake
Published: November 2024

Objective

Machine learning (ML) techniques have shown promise for enhancing prediction of clinical outcomes; however, its application to predicting binge eating has been scarcely explored. We applied ML techniques to predict binge eating onset (vs. continued absence) and persistence (vs. remission) over time.

Method

Data were used from a larger prospective study of 1106 participants who were assessed on a range of putative risk, maintaining, and protective factors at baseline and 8 months follow‐up. Nine ML models for classification were developed and compared against a generalised linear model (GLM) for predicting onset (n = 334) and persistence (n = 623) outcomes using 39 self‐reported baseline variables as predictors.

Results

All models performed poorly at predicting onset (AUC = 0.49–0.61) and persistence (AUC = 0.50–0.59) outcomes, with ML models demonstrating comparable performance to the GLM.

Conclusion

We suspect that poor ML performance may have been a result of the limited set of self‐reported baseline predictors used to generate prediction models. Improved predictive accuracy and optimisation of ML models in future research may require consideration of a larger, more disparate set of predictors that also incorporate various data types, such as neuroimaging, physiological, or smartphone sensor data.
Energy: An Overview of Type, Form, Storage, Advantages, Efficiency, and Their Impact
Authors: Mekuye Bawoke , Mebratie Gedefaw , Abera Birhanu , Yibeltal Ayenew , Lake Assaye , Tefera Asnaku
Published: November 2024

Recently, energy has been a research area due to increasing awareness of its advantages. Energy is essential for all daily activities and helps the mind and body grows; it has the ability to determine the growth of an economy and the development of a country. However, energy has its disadvantages. Nonrenewable energy is energy such as fossil fuel, which is the main cause of air pollutant emissions, such as carbon dioxide, synthetic fluorinated gases, water vapor, and methane gases; and nuclear energy, its wastes are the main cause of air pollutant. They are also the main cause of global warming, human health, climate change, and environmental degradation from the extraction up to use. Nowadays, fossil fuel energy is used in production and use of energy in all sectors of the world. Nuclear energy is the most powerful energy source. Renewable energy, such as solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, tidal, wave, and hydrogen energy, produces zero greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels, reducing air pollution and combating climate change, improving public health, mitigating smog and acid rain, and long‐term sustainability. The production and use of this renewable energy has been increasing, but it is not sufficient to meet the demand of all sectors in the world. Hydrogen energy is the future of fossil fuels and nuclear energy, free of CO2 emissions, and radioactive waste. The hydrogen economy envisions using hydrogen as a clean, versatile, and sustainable energy carrier to replace fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We must control the impacts of energy first by knowing the types of energy and their impact, and then totally replace nonrenewable energy with renewable energy in the future by increasing the efficiency of renewable energy. To increase the efficiency of energy production, energy storage (storing high amount of energy in a small space) uses nanomaterials and green nanomaterial technologies. International cooperation and policy alignment will be essential for driving global transition to a sustainable energy future. By leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), the energy sector becomes more sustainable, efficient, and resilient, supporting the transition toward a low‐carbon future. Harmonizing energy policies, sharing best practices, and aligning climate commitments can facilitate the development of a coordinated approach to addressing energy challenges on a global scale. By incorporating these considerations into energy planning and decision‐making, stakeholders can work toward building a future energy system that is sustainable, resilient, and capable of meeting the energy needs of a rapidly changing world. In this study, a critical review of the type, form, storage, advantages, efficiency, respective, and their impact are reviewed. The amounts of energy produced by each type in different years are discussed.
Forecasting Shifts in Europe's Renewable and Fossil Fuel Markets Using Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Liu Yonghong , Saleem Muhammad S. , Rashid Javed , Ahmad Sajjad , Faheem Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Accurate forecasts of renewable and nonrenewable energy output are essential for meeting global energy needs and resolving environmental issues. Energy sources like the sun and wind are variable, making forecasting difficult. Changes in weather, demand, and energy policy exacerbate this unpredictability. These challenges will be addressed by the bidirectional gated recurrent unit (Bi‐GRU) model, which forecasts power‐generating outcomes more efficiently. The investigation is done over a health data set from 2000 to 2023, including the energy states of the United Kingdom, Finland, Germany, and Switzerland. The comparison of our model (Bi‐GRU) performance with other popular models, including bidirectional long short‐term memory (Bi‐LSTM), ensemble techniques combining convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Bi‐LSTM, and CNNs, make the study more interesting. The performance remains better with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2.75%, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0414, mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0017, and authentify that Bi‐GRU performs much better than others. This model's superior prediction accuracy significantly enhances our ability to forecast renewable and nonrenewable energy outputs in European states, contributing to more effective energy management strategies.
The Effects of Bedrock Topography and Soil Permeability on Saturated Zone Distribution in a Mountainous Steep‐Slope Area
Authors: Yanai Kotaro , Masaoka Naoya , Kosugi Ken'ichirou , Fujimoto Masamitsu , Yamakawa Yosuke
Published: November 2024

Saturation development and distribution at the soil–bedrock interface are important for predicting shallow landslide occurrence. Previous studies have indicated that saturation is generated in bedrock depressions and valleys and that bedrock groundwater seepage generates locally saturated areas. However, the effects of soil permeability, which is known to be heterogeneously distributed, on saturation development and distribution are poorly understood. In this study, we performed unprecedented high‐resolution (approximately 50 cm grid) soil pore water pressure and soil temperature monitoring using 141 tensiometer–thermocouple sets in a plot measuring approximately 5 × 4 m to investigate the effects of topography and bedrock groundwater seepage on saturation development and distribution. We then measured permeability distribution of two soil profiles, including at the soil–bedrock interface, using the Guelph Permeameter method (GP method) for comparison with saturated zone distribution and saturation duration. The results indicated that a perennial saturated area was formed by bedrock groundwater seepage and was distributed downstream from a certain bedrock surface altitude in the lower region of the study plot. After a peak of rainfall, the perennial saturated area expanded upslope owing to the increased seepage. In areas without the influence of bedrock groundwater, saturation was observed to retreat rapidly at high permeability points and persist over long periods at low permeability points; however, the saturation duration was inconsistent with the bedrock surface topography. Therefore, it is suggested that the bedrock altitude controls the saturation distribution generated by bedrock groundwater, whereas the distribution of saturation that is associated with direct rainwater infiltration may be controlled by the permeability distribution during recession periods. Although the plot size was small, the unprecedented high‐resolution observations suggest that the permeability distribution, rather than the bedrock topography, may control the saturated zone distribution following rainfall.
Pirfenidone alleviates smoke inhalation lung injury of rats via the NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Lv Tingting , Yang Kaiyuan , Wang Jinxiang
Published: November 2024

Objective

Smoke inhalation lung injury (SILI) is a common complication in fires and wars, characterized by acute onset and severe condition. Pirfenidone (PFD), a new small‐molecule drug, has been shown to improve lung function and inhibit pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation. This study aimed to elucidate the effect and underlying mechanism of PFD on SILI in rats.

Materials and Methods

SILI rats were constructed using a homemade smoking device, which was then treated with PFD. The blood was collected from the abdominal aorta, and the arterial blood gas was detected. The productions of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines in plasma were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay assay. Moreover, the alveolar surface area, wet:dry weight ratio of the lung tissues, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined as well. The pulmonary histopathology, cell apoptosis, and the related proteins of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway were determined by hematoxylin‐eosin staining, TdT‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling, and western blot assays, respectively.

Results

PFD had a significant protective effect on SILI via inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Mechanistically, PFD inhibited the activation of NF‐κB pathway in vivo. Moreover, activation of NF‐κB pathway attenuated the PFD‐mediated protective effect against SILI.

Conclusions

These data demonstrate that PFD alleviates SILI of rats via the NF‐κB signaling pathway, which provides an attractive therapeutic option for SILI treatment.