bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of the 170 kDa P-Glycoprotein in Neoplastic and Normal Tissues
Authors: Ronchi Enrico , Sanfilippo Ornella , Di Fronzo Giovanni , Bani Maria Rosa , Della Torre Gabriella , Catania Salvo , Silvestrini Rosella
Published: April 2018

A membrane purification procedure and an immunoblotting assay have been designed to allow screening of human solid tumors for overexpression of the GP170 glycoprotein without employing a disaggregation method to obtain cell suspensions. The electrophoresed membrane proteins were probed, after Western Blotting, with the C219 monoclonal antibody and iodinated Protein A. The labeling intensity of the bands on the autoradioimmunoblots were quantified by densitometry. To test for the presence of GP170, we used membranes from the UV 2237 fibrosarcoma line and its adriamycin-resistant variant ADMR, grown in vitro or as solid tumor in mice. Membranes of human normal and tumor tissues obtained from previously untreated patients were also tested. An immunoreaction was observed in the adriamycin-resistant UV 2237 lines grown in vitro or in vivo. Quantitatively, the binding of the resistant cell line grown in vitro was higher than that observed in cells grown in mice. Bands in the GP 170 region were observed in 4/7 normal and in 7/7 tumor colon tissues and in the normal medulla from 2 patients with cancer of the renal cortex. No reaction could be found in samples from normal tissue, primary tumor or nodal metastasis from 7 patients with breast cancer.
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy: Its Use in the Management of Orbital and Intraocular Tumors
Authors: Palma Oronzo , Canali Nevio , Scaroni Paolo , Torri Anna Maria
Published: April 2018

In the management of 29 patients by needle aspiration biopsy, a 100 % accuracy was obtained in the diagnosis of intra- and extra-bulbar orbital lesions. The technique did not produce any important traumatic complications; there was moderate subconjunctival hemorrhagic suffusion, which spontaneously resolved. The technique proved to be positive in the diagnostic approach to lesions with a difficult access. Its importance in the choice of treatment is discussed, and its effect on the prognosis of intraocular tumors is emphasized. It can indeed give specific indications for early treatment of malignant lesions and avoid radical surgery of pseudoneoplastic benign lesions. As in other sites, the technique is reliable if it is applied in cooperation with an experienced pathologist. It is simple and rapid, inexpensive and well accepted by patients more than other invasive diagnostic procedures.
Soft Tissue Metastasis from Carcinoma. A Case Report
Authors: Mignani Giuseppe , McDonald Douglas , Boriani Stefano , Avella Maddalena , Gaiani Luca , Campanacci Mario
Published: April 2018

The authors report a case of a man who developed soft tissue metastasis to the thigh from pulmonary carcinoma. In the preoperative staging, computerized tomograms and magnetic resonance imaging allowed to identify and characterize the features of soft tissue masses; these studies, however, must be always completed with needle (tru-cut) or incisional biopsy.
Adrenal Failure Due to Bilateral Metastases as the Sole Manifestation of Relapsing Lung Carcinoma. Report of Two Cases
Authors: Guzzini Fabio , Cozzi Carlo , Cortese Ferdinando , Gasparini Paolo , Neri Vittorio , Pace Leonardo
Published: April 2018

We describe two patients with lung carcinoma in whom adrenal glands were the sole site of tumor relapse, revealed by the appearance of Addison's disease. Both patients showed bilateral adrenal masses on US and/or CAT scans and received hormone replacement therapy, with rapid improvement of their general conditions. One of them, with small-cell carcinoma, could also be treated with further chemotherapy and achieved a second remission. Therefore, we stress that patients with lung carcinoma should be periodically screened for adrenal deposits by US or CAT and undergo prophylactic steroid maintenance whenever metastatic involvement of the glands is detected.
A Rapid in vivo Bioassay for the Carcinogenicity of Pesticides
Authors: Cabral Ricardo , Hoshiya Toru , Hakoi Kazuo , Hasegawa Ryohei , Fukushima Shoji , Ito Nobuyuki
Published: April 2018

Eight pesticides were tested in a bioassay based on the induction of preneoplastic lesions in the liver. Rats were given diethylnitrosamine intraperitoneally at 200 mg/kg bw and two weeks later were treated with pesticides for six weeks and then killed; all rats had a partial hepatectomy at week 3. Hepatocarcinogenic potential was assessed by comparing the number and area of glutathione s-transferase (placental form) -positive foci In the liver with those of controls given diethylnitrosamine alone. Positive results were seen with Chinomethionat, Phosmet and Propiconazole; the results obtained with Captan and Prochloraz were borderline; Benomyl, Daminozide and Folpet gave negative results. Our findings provide enough experimental evidence to indicate that great care should be exercised in the use of these compounds.
The Exponential-Gompertzian Tumor Growth Model: Data from Six Tumor Cell Lines in Vitro and in Vivo. Estimate of the Transition point from Exponential to Gompertzian Growth and Potential Cinical Implications
Authors: Demicheli Romano , Pratesi Graziella , Foroni Roberto
Published: April 2018

The published growth data were examined for six tumor cell lines (FSA, Line 1, MCA-11, EMT6/RO, MGH-U1, MLS) grown in vivo and in vitro as monolayer cultures and as multicell spheroids cultured under different experimental conditions. Serial estimates of tumor sizes were fitted by Gompertzian equations obtained with a non-linear computerized program. When the growth equations of the same tumor growing in different experimental conditions were compared, the Gompertzian parameters α0 (initial specific growth rate) and β (retardation factor) showed a strong linear correlation in all the examined lines, with no exception. This occurrence supports the exponential-Gompertzian growth model, where an early exponential phase (which is virtually not influenced by exogenous factors) is followed by a Gompertzian phase, the characteristics of which are greatly dependent on environmental conditions. The transition between the two phases was estimated to occur when tumor size reached 102–104 cells, depending on the cell line. This kinetic change in tumor growth may be clinically relevant as regards cytotoxic treatments. It could explain some consequences of delays in adjuvant (postoperative) chemotherapy observed in clinical trials on primary breast cancer.
Combination Chemotherapy with Vinblastine, Bcnu and Cisplatin in Advanced Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Cornelia Giuseppe , Daponte Antonio , Cornelia Pasquale , Casaretti Rossana , Iervolino Vincenzo , Santillo Gaetano , Zarrilli Donate
Published: April 2018

A combination chemotherapy including vinblastine (6 mg/m2 i.v. days 1–2), BCNU (100 mg/m5 i.v. day 3), and cisplatin (50 mg/m1 i.v. day 5) was given as salvage treatment in 46 consecutive, previously treated patients affected by metastatic malignant melanoma. Courses were planned every 4 weeks provided that a complete bone marrow recovery occurred, otherwise they were delayed for 1–2 additional weeks. Objective responses (3 CRs and 10 PRs) were observed in 13/46 (28%) patients; 12 cases had stable disease and 21 patients progressive disease during treatment. Median duration of response was 13 months (range, 5–18), and median survival was 11 months (range, 3–20) for all patients. Nausea and vomiting were the most distressing side effects, whereas a grade I leukopenia caused a delayed treatment in 90% of patients. In conclusion, the combination chemotherapy was moderately toxic and did not seem to give substantially better results than obtained with other reported regimens.
Mitoxantrone as a Single Agent in Pretreated Metastatic Breast Cancer: Effects on T Lymphocyte Subsets and Their Relation to Clinical Response
Authors: Barni Sandro , Lissoni Paolo , Paolorossi Franco , Rescaldani Roberto , Crispino Sergio , Archili Caterina , Cattaneo Giulio , Tancini Gabriele
Published: April 2018

Mitoxantrone (DHAD), an anthracenedione with antineoplastic properties similar to doxorubicin, was tested for therapeutic efficacy and for immunomodulating action on lymphocyte subsets in 16 metastatic breast cancer patients, 12 of whom had been previously treated with chemotherapy. DHAD was given intravenously at a dose of 14 mg/m1 every 21 days. To evaluate total T lymphocytes (CD3), T helper (CD4), and T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (CD8) and the CD4/CD8 ratio, venous blood samples were drawn before and after the first DHAD cycle. Moreover, in 8/16 patients, B lymphocytes (CD20), T suppressor cells (CD8/CD57), T cytotoxic cells (CD8/CD57), NK (CD16) and IL-2 receptor-expressing cells (CD25) were also measured at the same time. An objective tumor response was achieved in 5/16 (31 %) patients and the response rate was significantly higher in patients pretreated with hormone therapy alone than in those pretreated with chemotherapy. No relation was found between clinical response and changes in the CD4/CD8 ratio. Neither the mean number nor the percentage of CD3, CDA and CD8 cells observed after DHAD were significantly different with respect to those seen before. In contrast, the mean number of T suppressor cells, B lymphocytes and CD25-positive cells was significantly lower after than before DHAD administration, whereas no difference was seen in NK cells. These results confirm in humans the immunomodulating properties of DHAD previously described in experimental conditions. However, the DHAD-induced changes in lymphocyte subsets do not seem to be related to the clinical response in breast cancer.
Experience with Intrapleural Natural Beta Interferon in the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Effusions
Authors: Cascinu Stefano , Isidori Pier Paolo , Fedeli Anna , Fedeli Stefano Luzi , Raspugli Marzio , Rossi Aldo , Ugolini Marcello , Catalano Giuseppina
Published: April 2018

Malignant pleural effusion is a common complication of cancer. Intrapleural beta interferon has been recently tested, and responses were obtained in about 1/3 of the patients without considerable side effects. We treated 22 patients with recurrent symptomatic malignant pleural effusions with intrapleural beta interferon at increasing doses (5–15 million units) for a maximum of three courses and obtained only two responses. In our opinion, this schedule cannot be recommended for routine use.
Hemoccult Sensitivity Estimate in a Screening Program for Colorectal Cancer in the Province of Florence
Authors: Castiglione Guido , Grazzini Grazia , Poll Anna , Bonardi Rita , Ciatto Stefano
Published: April 2018

The sensitivity of Hemoccult testing (HO) in a population-based screening for colorectal cancer was evaluated. HO sensitivity estimates were calculated as the ratio of screen-detected HO-positives to total screen or interval-detected cancers. Sensitivity was estimated according to 1, 2, and 3-year rescreening intervals. Corresponding estimates are 69.4%, 61.8% and 57.7%, respectively. No significant correlation was observed between HO sensitivity and other variables, such as calendar period, tumor stage or site, or patient age or sex. HO sensitivity as estimated in the present experience is consistent with other reports of population-based screenings. Screening every year would achieve too limited an increase in sensitivity, compared to biennal screening, to be worth the difficulties of doubling organizational efforts and costs.
Attendance to a Screening Program for Cervical Cancer in the City of Florence
Authors: Ciatto Sefano , Cecchini Silvia , Bonardi Rita , Venturini Antonella , Ciacci Rosanna
Published: April 2018

The study was aimed to assess: a) the proportion of true refusers among non-attenders resulting from residents and screening database matching, b) the typology of refusers compared to attenders, and c) the reasons for non-attendance as stated by refusers. Three hundred and forty-one non-attenders according to computer-produced lists were interviewed: 29 were not evaluable, 148 had had a Pap test, 18 had not attended for valid reasons, and 146 were true refusers; 94 refusers accepted the interview as far a points b) and c) were concerned. Ninety-four attenders, matched by age and residence, were interviewed for comparison. Attendance at private laboratories or incorrect identification of subjects on the screening record accounted for 45 % or 55 % of misclassified cases, respectively. The adjusted true refusal rate in the last 10 years was 18.1 % compared to a computer-assessed non-attendance rate of 40.7 %. Refusal was significantly associated to socioeconomic status (geographic origin, working activity and educational level of both women and husbands), whereas no significant association was observed for sexual history (deliveries, age at first sexual relation, number of partners) or health-related behavior. Attendance and counseling at the gynecologist's office were strongly associated to attendance, and gynecologists should be stimulated to promote opportunistic screening. The belief that screening is useless in the absence of symptoms, the fear of cancer being detected, postponement or laziness were the reasons for non-attendance stated by 80% of refusers. Improving knowledge about the purpose of the Pap test should be the main goal of any action aimed to improve screening attendance.
Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland: A Clinico-Pathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of Seven Cases
Authors: Collina Guido , Gale Nina , Visonà Alfonso , Betts Christine M. , Cenacchi Vittorio , Eusebi Vincenzo
Published: April 2018

Seven cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland are reported. Immunohistochemical evidence for the dual (glandular secretory and myoepithelial) differentiation of the cells composing these lesions is presented. Three of the cases recurred locally and two gave rise to metastases. The biologic behavior does not appear to be correlated with the histologic features that constitute the morphologic spectrum of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma.
Skin Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Merimsky Ofer , Chaitchik Samario , Inbar Moshe
Published: April 2018

Three cases of skin metastases in patients with ovarian cancer are reported. The late onset of skin metastases in the course of the disease represents an advanced stage accompanied by Intraperitoneal spread and has a poor prognosis. Diagnosis and differentiation from herpes zoster and other skin tumors were based on histologic examination. Palliation of symptoms and partial local response were achieved by electron beam irradiation.
Total Circulating b Lymphocyte Abnormalities in a Primary Cerebral Localization of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Guida Michele , Casamassima Addolorata , Marzullo Franco , Addabbo Lucrezia , Filotico Raffaele , Lorusso Vito
Published: April 2018

The authors describe a case of primary central nervous system lymphoma In a 43-year-old male. Interest in this rare form of B-lymphocyte non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is due to its increasing incidence in the last decade, especially in immunodeficient patients. Extraneural involvement was excluded by staging examinations: bilateral bone marrow biopsy from the posterior iliac crest, bipedal lymphography, abdominal CT scan, skeletal, thoracic and gastrointestinal X-rays, spinal puncture, ORL and clinical examination. The peripheral immunologic state was particularly interesting: there was a substantial decrease in total circulating B-lymphocytes at diagnosis (4.4 % = 80/mmc; nv 13 ± 4 % = 287 ± 130/mmc) and a further decrease after 2 and 4 months of therapy (0.16% = 2/mmc). Three months after completion of therapy, the B-lymphocyte level returned to the base level at diagnosis (7 % = 88/mmc). At 10 months after diagnosis and 3 months after completion of chemotherapy, the patient is alive and in good health except for the after-effects of a left hemiparesis. The etiologic and possible pathogenic factors are considered.
Carcinosarcoma of the Stomach with Endocrine Differentiation. A Case Report
Authors: Cruz Juan J. , Paz José I. , Cordero Miguel , Martín Jesús , Del Mar Abad María
Published: April 2018

An unusual tumor was observed In a 67-year-old man. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of epithelial cells forming glands (CEA, EMA-positive) and spindle-shaped cells (vimentin-positive). A third component was a cell population ultrastructurally characterized by intracytoplasmic granules surrounded by a membrane; these proved to be chromogranin A-positive in the immunoperoxidase study.
Interferon-Related Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient with Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Merimsky Ofer , Reider Irith , Merimsky Ephraim , Chaitchik Samario
Published: April 2018

A 75-year-old patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma was treated with recombinant interferon alpha-C and thereafter developed a neurologic syndrome of dementia, ataxia, confusional state, loss of concentration ability and cortical blindness. CT scan findings were compatible with leukoencephalopathy, which is reported as being a toxic effect of interferon.
Combination of 5-Fluorouracil, Imidazole Carboxamide, Bcnu and Prednisolone (FIB-P) as a Salvage Chemotherapy in Heavily Pretreated Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Cufer Tanja , Kolaric Krsto , Cervek Jozica , Cerar Olga
Published: April 2018

The results of treatment with 5-fluorouracil, imidazole carboxamide, BCNU and prednisolone (FIB-P) salvage chemotherapy in 60 patients with heavily pretreated advanced breast cancer are presented. For most of the patients (82%) this was the third line of chemotherapy. Performance status (ECOG) was 1, 2 and 3 in respectively 13, 27, and 20 patients. Predominant metastatic sites were: soft tissue (3/60, 5%), bone (22/60, 37%), and viscera (35/60, 58%). Tumor burden (number of affected organic systems) was 1, 2 and 3 or more in respectively 18, 24 and 16 patients. Average dose intensity received was 0.74 (range, 0.47–0.98); the average number of cycles was 3.8 (range, 2–8). Objective response (CR + PR) was observed in 22 patients (1 CR, 21 PR), with a response rate of 37% (22/60). Median duration of remission was 7 months (range, 3–15). Tumor burden was the only pretreatment patient characteristic that significantly influenced the remission rate (p < 0.10). Dose intensity significantly affected tumor response (p < 0.05). Toxic side effects (gastrointestinal disorders, alopecia and myelotoxicity) were generally moderate and tolerable. No treatment-related death occurred. FIB-P proved to be an active salvage chemotherapy in heavily pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer.
Osteogenic Sarcoma of the Breast. A Case Report
Authors: Bianchi Simonetta , Malatantis Giorgio , Cardona Gaetano , Zampi Giancarlo
Published: April 2018

A case of primary osteogenic sarcoma of the breast is reported. It should be distinguished from carcinoma with extensive osseous metaplasia. The results of light and electron microscopy including an immunohistochemical study are presented. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies proved that the lesion, in the absence of epithelial differentiation, was a primary osteogenic sarcoma of the breast rather than a carcinoma with extensive osseous metaplasia. Diagnosis may be delayed because the tumor is confused clinically and mammographically with a calcific fibroadenoma.
Spontaneous Rupture of Spleen in a Patient with Splenic Metastasis of Melanoma. A Case Report
Authors: Buzbee Thomas M. , Legha Sewa S.
Published: April 2018

We report a case of spontaneous splenic rupture in a patient with metastatic melanoma. Spontaneous splenic rupture without previous trauma has been observed in various pathological conditions such as infectious mononucleosis, malaria, typhoid fever and, rarely, neoplasms affecting the spleen. There have been several reported cases of splenic rupture in leukemias. Despite the high incidence of splenic metastases in metastatic melanoma, there have been only 3 cases of spontaneous splenic rupture reported in the past.
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Metastatic to the Lung. A Case Report
Authors: Patil Prakash K. , Patel Snehal G. , Krishnamurthy S. , Mistry Rajesh C. , Deshpande Raman K. , Desai Prafulla B.
Published: April 2018

A case is presented of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the gluteal region with metastasis to the lung appearing 7 years after wide excision of the primary lesion. The world literature is reviewed. The clinical and pathologic features of dermatofibrosarcoma are reviewed and treatment is discussed, with the aim of emphasizing the need for long-term follow-up examination of lymph nodes and for metastases following wide excision of these lesions.
Angiomyoupoma in the Transplanted Kidney. A Case Report
Authors: Mošunjac Marina , Šćukanec-Špoljar Mira , Popović-Uroić Tatiana , Manojlović Spomenka
Published: April 2018

Angiomyolipoma is a very rare benign renal tumor. This paper presents the autopsy finding of an angiomyolipoma in the transplanted kidney.
Ricordo Di: Pietro Bucalossi
Authors: Veronesi Umberto
Published: April 2018

Contrariamente a quanto ci saremmo attesi, la scomparsa di Pietro Bucalossi è passata quasi inosservata ed è stata come frettolosamente archiviata dalla memoria collettiva nella categoria dei politici e dei personaggi sociali più che in quella dei medici e degli uomini di scienza. Eppure, se può avere senso che per molti italiani Pietro Bucalossi venga ricordato per la legge che porta il suo nome e per quanto ha fatto come Sindaco di Milano, per chi lavora nel vasto campo della lotta contro il cancro, egli va onorato dai più anziani e raccontato ai più giovani per le grandi energie dedicate allo sviluppo della oncologia, anzi della « cancerologia », come egli amava definirla. E, come la sua figura politica appare oggi di statura ancora maggiore per la sua integrità morale e per l'infinita distanza dai personaggi che negli ultimi anni hanno invaso le nostre istituzioni, così il suo contributo all'oncologia emerge oggi ancora più evidente per essere stato tra i primi a credere nella specificità di questa scienza e nella sua autonomia culturale e operativa rispetto al resto della medicina. Perché proprio in questo sta l'originalità del suo pensiero, nella determinata certezza che a occuparsi dei malati di cancro dovessero essere i « cancerologi » e che l'oncologia clinica fosse quindi l'ambito corretto in cui chirurghi, medici e radioterapisti potessero esprimere collettivamente un equilibrato piano di cura. Convinto assertore quindi dell'interdisciplinarietà dell'oncologia ma anche della necessità di un dialogo continuo fra ricercatori clinici e sperimentali, Pietro Bucalossi ha lasciato un'eredità scientifica di alto profilo all'intero Paese ed un imperativo morale di intransigenza ed onestà intellettuale per le nuove generazioni.
Effect of Castration and Testosterone Replacement on Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in Syrian Hamsters
Authors: Sperti Cosimo , Militello Carmelo , Perasole Antonio , Borsato Antonio , Cappellazzo Francesco , Pedrazzoli Sergio
Published: April 2018

Hormonal manipulation has been proposed as a possible new approach to the treatment of pancreatic cancer. We studied the effect of orchiectomy and testosterone replacement on early stage pancreatic carcinogenesis induced by diisopropanolnitrosamine (DIPIN) in Syrian golden hamsters. Eighty-five hamsters (mean body weight, 100 g) were divided into the following treatment groups: 1) DIPN (n = 20); 2) DIPN plus orchiectomy (n = 17); 3) DIPN plus orchiectomy plus testosterone (n = 18); 4) orchiectomy (n = 10); 5) sham operation (n = 10); 6) DIPN plus testosterone (n = 10). DIPN (125 mg/kg/body wt.) was administered s.c. every week and testosterone propionate (10 ng/g) was administered s.c. every 3 weeks. Bilateral orchiectomy was performed 1 week after the first injection of DIPN. All animals were killed 15 weeks after starting the treatment. The whole pancreas was removed, weighed and histologically examined. There was no difference in the incidence of preneoplastic lesions among groups 1, 2, 3 and 6 (respectively 87%, 83%, 77% and 80%); 3 animals in each group developed invasive carcinoma. In control groups (4 and 5), no precancerous lesions were recorded. In this experimental model, orchiectomy and testosterone replacement had no effect on nitrosamine-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis.
Targeting of «T» Lymphocytes against Human Hepatoma Cells by a Bispecific Monoclonal Antibody: Role of Different Lymphocyte Subsets
Authors: Chen Qi , Sun Peinan , Prigione Ignazia , Xie Hong , Ferrini Silvano
Published: April 2018

In an attempt to construct bispecific monoclonal antibodies (bimAbs) able to target cytotoxic T lymphocytes against human hepatoma cells, an HGPRT-deficient mutant of the Hepama-6 hybridoma, which produces an antihuman-hepatoma mAb, was directly fused with splenocytes from Balb/C mice immunized by a polyclonal cytotoxic T-cell line. Hybrid hybridomas were selected in HAT medium, and their supernatants were directly screened for the ability to induce IL-2-cultured cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill hepatoma cells in a 51Cr-release assay. The selected hybrid hybridoma, termed DQ-33, secretes a bimAb, which reacts with a CD3-associated determinant. When resting peripheral-blood lymphocytes were used as effector cells, virtually no cytolytic activity could be induced by DQ-33, whereas phytohemagglutinin-activated lymphocytes that had been expanded in vitro in IL-2-containing medium could be efficiently targeted against hepatoma cells. Targeting by DQ-33 bimAb was analyzed on different subsets of IL-2-cultured lymphocytes. It was evident that CD+4–8+ TCRα/β+ and CD3+4–8-TCRγ/δ+ lymphocytes were efficiently induced by bimAb to lyse human hepatoma cells, whereas no induction of cytolysis could be observed when CD3 + 4+8-TCRα/β+ cells were used as effectors. DQ-33 bimAb was also able to induce lymphokine secretion (IL-2, GM-CSF and TNF-α) by all the different subsets of lymphocytes analyzed in the presence of target cells expressing the relevant antigen, independent of the expression of cytolytic activity.
Breslow Thickness of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in Ravenna (Northern Italy) 1981–1990
Authors: Bucchi Lauro , Serafini Monica , Lanzanova Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

The distribution of Breslow's thickness by sex, age and site of 95 of the 103 cases of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) diagnosed in 1981–1990 in the Ravenna Health District (a low-incidence area in northern Italy) was studied. The median patient age was 57 years. The median tumor thickness was 1.33 mm in females and 2.15 mm in males (two-tailed Wilcoxon rank sum test, p = 0.153). Significantly thinner lesions were found among women up to the median age than among men of the same age group (1.05 mm vs. 1.80 mm, p = 0.034) and older women (2.20 mm, p = 0.035). The difference between males aged under 57 years and older than 57 was not significant (1.80 mm vs. 2.20 mm, p = 0.828). As a consequence, younger women compared favorably with the rest of the population as a whole (2.20 mm, p = 0.011). No significant differences in site-specific median tumor thickness were found between the sexes or between young and older males, whereas CMMs of the legs among females were thinner in the younger age group (0.67 mm vs. 2.20 mm, p = 0.007). The prevalence of younger women in the recognition of early CMM was entirely accounted for by a substantial shift observed in the most recent 5-year period (from 2.40 mm to 0.70 mm, p = 0.006). Specific educational activities have never been carried out in Ravenna.
Treatment of Breast Cancer in Elderly Women: Retrospective Analysis of 111 Wide Lumpectomies Performed in a Day Hospital Regimen between 1982 and 1988
Authors: Galante Emanuele , Cerrotta Annamaria , Martelli Gabriele , Del Prato Ivan , Moglia Daniele , Piromalli Domenico
Published: April 2018

Between 1982 and 1988, 111 elderly women with breast cancer but without clinical involvement of the axillary lymph nodes underwent wide lumpectomy in a Day Hospital regimen at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. The patients ranged in age from 70 to 92 years (median, 79). An adjuvant treatment was carried out in all but 9 cases: tamoxifen only in 84 cases, tamoxifen plus radiotherapy in 6 cases, radiotherapy alone in 12 cases. The median duration of follow-up was 44 months (range, 30–109 months). Four patients (3.6%) were lost to follow-up. In the remaining 107 patients, 10 local-regional relapses (9.1 %) and 7 distant metastases (6.5 %) occurred. Six patients died from the disease, 14 from unrelated conditions. This retrospective study showed that selected elderly patients with breast cancers can be treated successfully under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. The treatment guarantees local control of the disease, meets the favor of elderly women and consequently improves their quality of life.
Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung: A Clinicopathologic and Ultrastructural Study of 10 Cases
Authors: Pilotti Silvana , Patriarca Carlo , Lombardi Luciano , Scopsi Lucio , Rilke Franco
Published: April 2018

The clinico-pathologic characteristics of 10 resected pulmonary tumors, which proved to be well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (WDNC) on the basis of light microscopic, immunocytochemical, ultrastructural and immunoelectron microscopic investigations, were evaluated. The tumors showed a wide spectrum of histologic features that could be referred to three basic patterns: 1) a carcinoid-like pattern; 2) an organoid pattern characterized by palisading cells at the edge of cellular areas, and 3) a prevalent adenocarcinoma-like pattern. The second pattern was the most distinct even though it often mimicked the small cell/large cell subtype of small cell carcinoma (SCC) owing to its association with marked atypia and poor differentiation. All but one of the patients were males and smokers. The mean age was 58 years. Half of the tumors were centrally located including those showing the adenocarcinoma-like pattern. Disease-free and overall survival and type of tumor dissemination in four patients were similar to those of SCC. Five evaluable patients were alive and disease-free after a mean follow-up of 74 months. Two of these were initially diagnosed as SCC. We conclude that, because of its impact on prognosis, the diagnosis of WDNC appears to be relevant although other factors able to adversely affect the clinical course remain undefined.
Numerical Chromosome Aberrations in Fibrothecoma
Authors: Dal Cin Paola , Moerman Philippe , De Wever Ivo , Van Den Berghe Herman
Published: April 2018

Cytogenetic analysis on a 7-day-old culture of a fibrothecoma showed only numerical chromosome abnormalities: 57, XX, +4, +5, +6, +10, + 12, +12, +14, +17, +18, +19, +20. The finding of an extra copy of chromosome 12 in mesenchymal tumors, mostly benign and originating from the female genital tract, may possibly point towards their common embryonic origin.
Budd-Chiari Syndrome Complicating Lung Carcinoma of the Right Inferior Lobe: A Case Report
Authors: Muretto Pietro
Published: April 2018

A case of bronchogenic carcinoma involving the base of the right inferior lobe and causing Budd-Chiari syndrome in a 66-year-old woman is reported. It appears to be the second case in the literature with a similar clinical manifestation.
P-Glycoprotein but not Topoisomerase II and Glutathione-S-Transferase-Pi Accounts for Enhanced Intracellular Drug-Resistance in LoVo MDR Human Cell Lines
Authors: Boiocchi Mauro , Tumiotto Loretta , Giannini Franca , Viel Alessandra , Biscontin Gabriella , Sartor Franca , Toffoli Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

The biochemical bases of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype were investigated in drug-resistant sublines derived from LoVo human colon carcinoma cell lines by doxorubicin (DOX) and teniposide (VM26) selection. In addition to P-glycoprotein-mediated drug extrusion through the plasma-membrane, LoVo MDR cells display a further drug-resistance mechanism. That is, to achieve equitoxic effects, LoVo MDR sublines require much higher intracellular drug concentrations than those required by LoVo drug-sensitive parent cell line. Involvement of mdr1, topoisomerase Il and glutathione-S-transferase-pi (GST-π) drug-resistance systems in intracellular drug resistance was investigated. Pharmacologic and biochemical data indicated that intracellular drug resistance in LoVo MDR sublines is uniquely consequent to the drug-transporting property of intracytoplasmic membrane-bound P-glycoprotein molecules which compartment drugs in vacuolelike structures.
The Effects of the Macrocyclic Lactone Bryostatin-1 on Leukemic Cells in Vitro
Authors: Gebbia Vittorio , Citarrella Pietro , Miserendino Vincenzo , Valenza Roberto , Borsellino Nicolò , Pesta Antonio , Pettit Robert , May Stratford
Published: April 2018

The macrocyclic lactone bryostatin-1 was found to exert in vitro antineoplastic activity against several leukemic cell lines, including human K562 erythroleukemia, HL60 promyelocytic leukemia, REH and MOLT-4 lymphoblastic leukemias, CCRFCEM lymphoma, KG-1 myeloid leukemia, and murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia. No statistically significant difference in sensitivity to bryostatin-1 was found between adriamycin-resistant P388 and K526 subclones and their sensitive counterparts. Freshly explanted clonogenic leukemic cells showed a variable sensitivity to bryostatin-1 in 10/12 tested samples. The IC50 of clonogenic leukemic cells was 4 × 10–3 M bryostatin-1, and that of normal marrow CFU-GM was 10–5 M. Leukemic cells exposed to bryostatin-1 showed a variable degree of monocytic differentiation as evaluated by ANAE staining and morphology. Bryostatin-1 is also able to inhibit the growth of CFU-GM from myelodysplastic marrow and to shorten the duration of dysplastic hematopoiesis in liquid culture. In conclusion, these data suggest that bryostatin-1 is a potent antileukemic agent in vitro that may be potentially useful for clinical studies.
Minimally Differentiated Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Morphologic, Cytochemical and Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Alurkar Shirish S. , Chopra Harpreet K. , Nair Chandrika N. , Zachariah Linnet V. , Badrinath Y. , Chougule Anuradha , Dhond Subodh , Kumar K. Ashok , Barbhayh S.A. , Advani Suresh H.
Published: April 2018

Seven of 368 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) could not be subclassified by routine morphologic, cytochemical and immunologic analyses during the period January 1989 to December 1990. Further investigations including ultrastructural examination, anti-myeloperoxidase and myeloid specific antigen analysis were carried out in all these patients and they were classified as AML-MO, as per the FAB criteria. Morphologically these blasts resembled ALL-L2/AML-M1. Cytochemlcally they were negative for Sudan black, myeloperoxidase, periodic acid-Schiff, and non-specific esterase. On initial immunophenotypic analysis, they could not be classified Into B, T or myeloid lineages. Further investigations revealed CD13 and CD33 positivity in 4 of 6 patients. Anti-myeloperoxidase was positive in 6 of 6 patients and ultrastructural examination revealed myeloperoxidase-positive blasts in 6 of 7 cases. Cytogenetic analysis done in one patient revealed 60 % abnormal metaphases. Six of 7 cases were treated with aggressive chemotherapy. One patient achieved complete remission but relapsed after 6 months, whereas others were resistant to treatment. Hence we conclude that an aggressive investigative and therapeutic approach is required to identify and treat AML-MO.
Ultrastructural Modifications in one Case of Hairy Cell Leukemia during Alpha-Interferon Therapy
Authors: Morroni Manrico , Ripa Giordano , Bolognesi Guido , Leoni Pietro , Cinti Saverio
Published: April 2018

There are many reports concerning the morphology of hairy cell leukemia (HCL), but, to our knowledge, there are no data on the ultrastructural modifications of HCL during interferon therapy. The ultrastructural modifications of neoplastic cells In peripheral blood in a case of HCL were investigated before and 2 and 4 months after beginning treatment with human lymphoblastoid alpha-interferon. Before therapy, hairy cells displayed the typical cytoplasmic projections, and 4 % contained ribosome-lamellae complexes (RLC) (the cells contained up to 7 RLC). Two months from the beginning of therapy, hairy cells had shorter projections, RLC had disappeared, and tubuloreticular structures (TRS) had appeared in 2.2 % of the elements. Four months from the beginning of therapy, TRS persisted in 2.3 % of hairy cells, cylindrical confronting cisternae (CCC) appeared in 6.8 % of the cells, and uncommon RLC, in close contact with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane, were found in 1.5 % of the elements. The cells contained up to 3 RLC. Our data confirm that interferon stimulates the synthesis of TRS and CCC, whereas the reappearance of uncommon forms of RLC could reflect their neosynthesis, possibly related to the interferon therapy. The frequent findings of a close contact between RLC and nuclear membrane support the view that RLC are derived not only from rough endoplasmic reticulum, but also from the nuclear membrane.
Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Cervicography in a Consecutive Colposcopic Series
Authors: Cecchini Silvia , tossa Anna , Bonardi Rita , Gustavino Claudio , Ciatto Stefano
Published: April 2018

Cervicography was performed in 606 women referred for colposcopy. Cervigrams were blindly reviewed by two independent readers. The positivity rate at cervicography was high (operator A = 50 %, B = 58.8 %). The sensitivity for papillomavirus infection (HPV)/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I (CIN I) (n = 141) was 79.4 % for operator A and 80.8 % for operator B. The sensitivity for CIN II or more severe lesions (n = 22) was 95.2 % and 90.5 % for operators A and B, respectively. The positive predictive value for HPV/CIN I or CIN II, or more severe lesions was 36.9 % and 6.9 % for operator A and 32.1 % and 5.3 % for operator B, respectively. Interobserver variability was acceptable (kappa = 0.62). Cervicography suspected 27 HPV/CIN I, 1 CIN II and 1 CIN III which showed no cytologic abnormalities. This study confirms that cervicography has a good sensitivity for cervical lesions, but it is based on a selected series, not representative of a screening condition. The combination of cervicography and cytology in screening is presently under evaluation in a prospecitve study of screened women.
Risk of Infiltrating Breast Cancer Subsequent to Lobular Carcinoma in Situ
Authors: Ciatto Stefano , Cataliotti Luigi , Cardona Gaetano , Bianchi Simonetta ,   members of the Coordinating Center and Writing Committee of FONCAM (National Task Force for Breast Cancer), Schittulli F. , Foglietta F. , Di Maggio C. , La Grassa M. , Aristei C. , Bravetti P. , Ravaioli A. , Galletto L. , Amichetti M. , Perani B. , Falconieri G.
Published: April 2018

The authors report on a retrospective consecutive multicentric series of 60 cases with histologic evidence of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), followed for an average of 5.3 years. In the course of the follow-up, ipsilateral LCIS or infiltrating carcinoma occurred in 3 or 5 cases, respectively. Two LCIS reoccurrences and all ipsilateral infiltrating carcinomas were observed in 37 patients treated by limited surgery. Contralateral synchronous or metachronous carcinoma was observed in 3 or 2 cases, respectively (intraductal = 3, infiltrating = 2). Three patients died of breast cancer (2 with Ipsilateral, 1 with ipsilateral and contralateral infiltrating carcinoma). The study confirms the higher risk of ipsilateral and contralateral cancer in LCIS patients and warns about the possible hazards of limited surgery in these cases.
Histopathologic Classification of Breast Cancer in Sweden and Italy: A Comparison between two Pathologists
Authors: Palli Domenico , Bianchi Simonetta , Linell Folke , Russo Antonio , Cariddi Angelo , Rank Fritz , del Turco Marco Rosselli
Published: April 2018

Two large series of breast cancers (BC), identified in the Pathology Departments of Malmö (Sweden) and Florence (Italy), were independently reviewed by two experienced pathologists, one from each department. Overall, comparison of diagnoses of 372 BCs according to a simplified WHO histologic classification system (in four combined categories) revealed agreement for 74 % of the cases. Concordance, as measured by the kappa statistic, was relatively good (0.53 overall). Kappa values for specific categories were also acceptable, being highest for « invasive lobular » BC (0.63) and lowest for « other types » (0.45). The kappa value for « noninvasive » versus all other categories of invasive BC was 0.53. Some BCs were systematically classified as « noninvasive » by one pathologist and as « invasive ductal with a predominant intraductal component » by the other. Invasive lobular BCs were also diagnosed more frequently by one pathologist. These findings suggest that when planning geographical or temporal comparisons of distribution for BC histologic categories, standardization of classification and a centralized review may play an important role.
Reversal of Resistance to Doxifluridine and Fluorouracil in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Role of High-Dose Folinic Acid
Authors: Colleoni Marco , Bajetta Emilio , de Braud Filippo , Zilembo Nicoletta , Noiè Franco , Nelli Patrizia
Published: April 2018

The benefits from medical treatment in colorectal cancer are limited. Fluorouracil remains the only recognized drug, and how to treat unresponsive patients is still debated. To evaluate the role of folinic acid (FA) in circumvence resistance in colorectal cancer, 28 patients pretreated with fluoropyrimidine were candidated to receive one of the following schedules: fluorouracil (600 mg/m2) associated with FA (500 mg/m2) weekly for 6 weeks (Regimen A: 21 cases), or fluorouracil (370 mg/m2) plus FA (200 mg/m2) dally for 5 days every 4 weeks (Regimen B: 7 cases). Fourteen patients were pretreated with doxifluridlne, a new fluoropyrimldine derivative with a peculiar mechanism of action, and the remaining 14 patients with fluorouracil. All but 2 patients were unresponsive to first-line treatments. When the treatment began, the median age of the patients was 60 years (range, 30-68). The performance status (ECOG) was 0/1 in 25 of them, and the primary tumor was in the colon and rectum in 19 and 9 patients, respectively. Sites of disease were liver (64 %), lung (35 %), local recurrence (10 %) and peritoneum (10 %). A median of 3 cycles (range, 1-7) was delivered, and no objective response was observed in the group of patients pretreated with doxlfluridine or in the group pretreated with fluorouracil. In 5 cases a significant decrease in baseline CEA values was observed. Therapy was well tolerated, and no grade 4 toxicity was encountered. Severe toxicity was limited and included diarrhea (7 patients), stomatitis (1 patient) and nausea/vomiting (1 patient). High-dose FA has no role in reversing resistance to fluoropyrimidine, and other mechanisms of refractoriness are surely involved. FA should be associated with fluoropyrimidine as first-line therapy together with other biochemical modulators. Further rescue therapies need to be developed.
Endobronchial Metastases in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Casino Angeles Rovirosa , Bellmunt Joaqum , Salud Antonieta , Vicente Pilar , Maldonado Javier , Bodi Ramón , Salvador Luìs
Published: April 2018

Between 1982 and 1990, 2388 brochoscopic examinations were carried out in patients with cancer in our hospital. A diagnosis of endobronchial metastasis was established in 30 patients (2.09 %), with the following primary tumors in descending order of frequency: breast, large bowel, melanoma, neuroblastoma, leiomyosarcoma and endometrial. Despite the rarity of endobronchial metastases secondary to colon adenocarcinoma, we were able to study 3 cases from our Center. In one case the diagnosis of endobronchial metastasis was simultaneous with that of the primary tumor, and in the other 2 this metastatic complication occurred 16 and 42 months, after the original diagnosis. When this complication occurred, the stage of the disease was advanced in all 3 cases: 2 were Dukes’ stage C and one stage D. Although this metastatic location usually implies a very negative prognosis as regards life expectancy, it did not seem to significantly reduce the latter in our patients.
Teleangiectatic Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Lamovec Janez , Kloboves-Prevodnik Vera
Published: April 2018

We report a case of breast carcinoma in a lactating woman with an osteosarcomatous and chondrosarcomatous metaplasia and multicystic hemorrhagic appearance. Grossly and on low microscopic power it simulated a teleangiectatic osteosarcoma. Clinical and mammographic presentation and fine needle aspiration biopsy initially suggested a hemangioma which resulted in delayed treatment.
Clinical Usefulness of Estrogen Receptor Immunocytochemistry in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Querzoli Patrizia , Ferretti Stefano , Marzola Andrea , Tassinari Davide , Indelli Monica , Marchetti Elisabetta , Fabris Guidalberto , Nenci Italo
Published: April 2018

We assessed the reliability of the immunocytochemical assay of estrogen receptor (ER-ICA) as a marker of clinical outcome. Relapse-free interval (RFI) and overall survival (OS) according to ER-ICA status were retrospectively evaluated on a series of 210 patients who had undergone surgery for primary breast cancer between January 1985 and December 1988. ER assay by the dextran-coated charcoal method (DCC) was also performed in 189 tumors. A significant positive correlation was found between the DCC and ER-ICA assays, with an overall agreement of 79 %. ER-ICA status showed a prognostic predictive power with respect to OS and RFI in the whole series of patients and in the subset of node-positive patients. It was also a marker of outcome with respect to OS in the subsets of node-negative patients and patients with tumors ≤ 2 cm in diameter. Moreover, the predictive value of the ER-ICA assay was higher than that of the DCC assay in the present study. These findings emphasize the clinical usefulness of the ER-ICA assay as a measure for prognosis.
Quality Control for Colposcopy in the Florence Screening Program for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Cecchini Silvia , Iossa Anna , Grazzini Grazia , Bonardi Rita , Ciatto Stefano
Published: April 2018

The authors report on the quality control for colposcopy adopted in the Florence District screening program. The sensitivity of colposcopy was determined on all cases of CIN III recorded in the local cancer registry in a four-year period. However although this showed that a centralized colposcopic clinic employing a limited number of expert operators is superior to the performance of colposcopy in private practice, such a parameter was impractical for further routine quality control since differences among operators were too small and statistically insignificant. Other parameters for quality control were chosen, namely a) the rate of colposcopically directed biopsies performed, b) the detection rate of CIN II or more severe lesions, and c) the positive predictive value of a directed biopsy for CIN II or more severe lesions. Analysis of these indicators after stratification by cytologic report allows the identification of those operators who need additional training and provides useful information for colposcopists to optimize their diagnostic and operative criteria.
Nodular Lesions of the Liver in Multiple Myeloma: A Role for Cytoadhesion Molecules?
Authors: Musto Pellegrino , Falcone Antonietta , Caturelli Eugenio , Squillante Maria Maddalena , Castelvetere Marina , Carotenuto Mario
Published: April 2018

Two patients with multiple myeloma and in vivo macroscopic nodular lesions of the liver are presented. The clinical aspects of this very unusual condition are briefly reviewed. In particular, the expression on neoplastic plasma cells of the cytoadhesion molecules CD56 and CD11a, which are involved in the cellular process of recirculation and homing, suggests a possible role for such markers in this atypical localization of the disease.