bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesoamérica olmeca: diez preguntas
Authors: Lowe Gareth W.
Published: April 2022

El libro que el lector tiene en sus manos trata sobre la cultura olmeca desde un punto de vista que rebasa la mera contemplación de los ejemplos y reproducciones del arte prehispánico de esta civilización, enfoque con que tradicionalmente se ha estudiado. Aquí, el doctor Gareth Lowe destaca la antigüedad e importancia de esta cultura y el papel decisivo que desempeñó en el desarrollo de la civilización mesoamericana. El presente trabajo es el resultado del planteamiento de una lista sencilla de diez preguntas cuyo propósito radica en la búsqueda de una descripción del florecimiento olmeca que sea fácil de comprender. El autor desea que la respuesta breve a cada pregunta cumpla con ese cometido. Asimismo, para los curiosos y estudiosos que pretendan profundizar en el tema, se incluye una discusión amplia y se presentan varias hipótesis respecto a las cuestiones planteadas.
IoT based Substation Monitoring and Control
Authors: Lakshmi Dr. K. Sri , Ganesh Guddanti , Jagadhish Kapavarapu , Ram Garikapati Seeta , Krishna Kanna Vamsi
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The Smart Voltage and Current Monitoring System (SVCMS) approach is utilized in this undertaking. It shows a solitary stage electrical design that uses voltage and flow from the sensor by means of a microcontroller and afterward remotely conveys the expected information to the outcomes screen through another PC. It is vital to utilize the Internet of Things (IoT) to upgrade the idea of the power with substation observing and control discretionary change. Accordingly, it is basic to have a perception framework that can distinguish and channel. The Arduino Uno is utilized as a microcontroller in the coordinated Smart Voltage and Current Monitoring System (SVCMS) set up to ascertain the voltage and current sensor results. It then sends this data, after assessment, to the end client's PC contraption utilizing the IoT module. The Arduino Uno controller and IoT modules are a microcontroller and far off devices, separately. In light of the heap got by the electrical machines in the event that the heap is high, the power conveyed is to be limited or the power must be closed down. In the olden days there should be a one person at the substation to look for a faults if anything occurred and now due to the increase in the tremendous technology there are many new technologies introduced into the life cycle of the of the human beings. In that one of the technology that helps to reduce the efforts of the human beings is Internet of Things(IoT) that uses the Wi-Fi module that helps to connect the hardware and the software. The data collected will be shared to the ThingSpeak platform and it will displayed by using the graphs for each parameter different bar graphs are used. Keywords: Arduino Uno, LCD display, Servo Motor, wi-fi module, Thing view App, Internet of Things, Substation Monitoring and Control
Perceptive Personal Voice Assistant
Authors: Vashisht Dr. Vasudha , Rai Ankit , Sharma Dikshant , Sharma Ansh , Mathew Ajinu Eapen
Published: April 2022

Abstract: In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) has shown progress in the field of technology. We know that the future of technology can be full of robotics. One of the most useful application of AI is Natural Language Processing (NLP). Voice Assistants is one of the greatest innovation of all time. It changes the way of livingof the people in many aspects. Mainly it was first introduced in smart-phones and then it gets its own popularity in the market. Voice assistants are using cloud computing for communication with the users. It is mainly used in households to control a lot of technology related devices. Most common devices that are using voice assistants are smart speakers and they are being used in colleges, homes, schools etc. There are many voice assistants present in the market such as ’SIRI’ by Apple, ’Alexa’ by Amazon, ’Bixby’ by Samsung. We are also trying to create abasic Voice Assistant by using Python. There are so many useful technology such as speech recognition that will be used in this project. We are creating a VA names Arsenal that is capableof executing a lots of commands. The purpose of this paper is to study how voice assistants and smart speakers are usedin everyday life and they way in which we can create a voice assistant. Index Terms: Natural Language Processing, Voice Assistant, Speech Recognition, Python, Artificial Intelligence
Maintaining Equitable and Inclusive Classroom Communities Online During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Barrett Sarah Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

This paper explores the ways in which face-to-face classroom communities were disrupted and/or transformed by the move to online platforms and the effect of this disruption on equitable access to a quality education. Quality education is defined as engaged pedagogy, where students learn to interact with other students and engage with ideas in a way that promotes their ability to be part of a community while still feeling free to disagree with, critique, and take care of each other. To examine the extent to which such communities were created when schooling migrated online during the pandemic, this paper examines online schooling communities in terms of sense of belonging, trust, shared purpose, and quality of interactions. The analysis of the experiences of 11 teachers in Ontario, Canada, whose face-to-face classes were moved to online formats, establishes that equity was one of the first casualties of the change, with the most vulnerable students facing disproportionate academic, psychological, and social consequences.
Building a Plane While Flying
Authors: Farhadi Beyhan , Winton Sue
Published: April 2022

We use the metaphor of building a plane while flying to describe the enactment of educational policies by teachers during COVID-19 and the impact of these policies on their ability to meet the needs of their students. Drawing from a series of three one-hour focus groups with seven teachers in Alberta, we apply critical policy analysis to describe the transition of public schools to pandemic education, especially in urban centers. This paper will begin by reviewing the dynamic policy context of school closures and reentry strategies and proceed to outline the diverse ways school boards interpreted guidelines from the Ministry of Education. We discuss the frustration with and variation of policy enactment during the pandemic, especially with respect to priorities and barriers to addressing student wellbeing and access to educational and social supports. Finally, we describe the consequences of teaching through crisis as it emerges in a political context that has failed to respond to educator’s professional needs.
Exploring How Ontario Teachers Adapted to Learn-at-Home Initiatives During COVID-19
Authors: Cooper Amanda , Timmons Kristy , MacGregor Stephen
Published: April 2022

At-home learning initiatives arose as a response to school closures due to COVID-19. This study interviewed 17 secondary teachers to explore the implementation of at-home learning in the province of Ontario, Canada. Findings suggest four thematic areas arising from the data: growing equity disparities, poor policy communication, factors influencing successful emergency remote teaching (technological and pedagogical), and impacts to academic and socio-emotional/mental health. This article proposes an integrated model for school recovery that will engage three levels of the education system: (1) school-level efforts including high-dosage tutoring and teacher collaboration and teacher looping strategies, (2) building partnerships with community organizations for wrap-around support for the most marginalized communities, and (3) parental engagement through actionable messages and tips by text to help parents support student learning. In the end, Ontario teachers rose to the challenge of providing students with consistent learning during the pandemic.
Diagnostics of thin-walled structures of complex geometry and structure
Authors: Yakupov Nukh M. , Yakupov Samat N.
Published: April 2022

The main stages of the birth of thin-walled structures, changes in their relative thickness and mass of a unit area are given; ways of creating perfect thin-walled structures are indicated. The problems arising during the operation of thin-walled structures of complex geometry, as well as approaches and methods of their calculation are noted. To ensure trouble-free operation of a thin-walled structure with a thin-layer coating, under load and exposed to physical fields and environments, it is necessary to correctly diagnose the condition of structural elements. The spline variant of the finite element method in two-dimensional (SV FEM-2) and three-dimensional (SV FEM-3) productions is noted, as well as the synthesis of these variants - SV FEM-2 + SV FEM-3. The combination of the idea of parametrization of the entire domain and approximation of the desired variables within the element by Hermitian cubic splines makes it possible to obtain high-precision consistent finite elements. The developed variants of the finite element method make it possible to evaluate the stress-strain state of structures of complex geometry, including the calculation of multilayer, thin-walled structures with coating and local defects, as well as to take into account specific surface properties other than those of the main array. Studies of stress concentration near local depressions are considered. Two-dimensional experimental and theoretical methods are noted for evaluating the stiffness properties and adhesion of thin-walled, thin-layer and composite structural elements of complex structure, which, along with a distributed complex structure, may have distributed defects. The developments were used in solving specific tasks of a number of enterprises.
Iterative methods for constructing an equations of non-closed shells solution
Authors: Zveryaev Evgeny M. , Tupikova Evgeniya M.
Published: April 2022

The elasticity relations are transformed to a form that allows, in accordance with the previously proposed Saint-Venant - Picard - Banach method, to iteratively calculate all the required unknowns of the problem. The procedure for constructing a solution is reduced to replacing eight first-order differential equations of the original system of shell theory with eight corresponding integral equations with a small parameter that has the meaning of the ratio of the shell width to its length or the variability of the stress-strain state in the transverse direction. The fifteen unknowns of the original problem calculated by direct integration are expressed in terms of five main unknowns. The fulfillment of the boundary conditions on the long sides of the strip leads to the solution of eight ordinary differential equations for slowly varying and rapidly varying components of the main unknowns. Slowly varying components describe the classical stress-strain state. The rapidly changing ones determine the edge effects at the points of discontinuity of the slowly changing classical solution and the fulfillment of the boundary conditions unsatisfied by them due to the lowering of the order of the differential equations of the classical theory based on the Kirchhoff hypothesis. In the general case, the solution is represented as asymptotic series in a small variability parameter with coefficients in the form of power series in the transverse coordinate. The presentation is illustrated by an example of constructing an iterative process for a long circular cylindrical panel. By virtue of the fixed-point theorem, the iterative process is convergent.
China Djibouti: Strategic partnership in East Africa
Authors: Ponomarenko Lyudmila V. , Piskunov Danil A.
Published: April 2022

The development of Chinese-African relations obtains a long history. Within its history, developing countries moved toward mutually beneficial partnerships developing a geopolitical alternative to the North-South relations. This paper examines improving relations between China and Djibouti and the main motives, principles and benefits derived from relationships of two countries within the framework of the South-South cooperation concept. Investigating two countries cooperation authors are guided by such international databases as China Africa Research Initiative, AidData, China Africa Project as well as Russian and Chinese aid. The paper is considering key investments projects and their role in the development of the African country economy as well as China aid in the struggle with economic and social problems. In its role, Djibouti being a logistic hub in South Africa plays a significant part in Chinese geoeconomic and political projects in South Africa. The present analysis allows to make the conclusion that Djibouti not only develops the shipping ecosystem but also gains influence on regional affairs and in international organisations. By means of the deployment of the military base China creates a favourable investment climate with a view to extending the volume of investments and trade.
Lafaz al-Rajaʼ dan al-Tamanni dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Amri Furqan , Dumilah Retno
Published: April 2022

The existence of synonymy in the Koran is a debate among commentators. Some consider the existence of synonymy in the Koran and others deny it. Various words in the Qur'an appear to be synonymous at birth, but when examined carefully it turns out that each of these words has its own connotation. This study aims to explain the context of the use of the words al-Rajāʼ and al-Tamannīʼ and the interpretation of the commentators on the verses of al-Rajāʼ and al-Tamannīʼ. This study uses the thematic method by collecting verses related to the problems of the two pronunciations and by referring to the explanations of the commentators in the books of interpretation. The results showed that the writer found the lafaz al-Rajāʼ in the Koran 18 times with 7-word variations, while the al-Tamanni lafaz was found 9 times and had 7-word variations in each of the two words. Lafaz al-Rajāʼ and al-Tamannīʼ are interpreted with the meaning of hope or ideals, but in terms of the difference, al-Rajāʼ lafaz is devoted to hopes that are most likely to be achieved and achieved and accompanied by effort, while al-Tamann lafaz is hoping that cannot be achieved. achieved or the probability of achieving it is very small. Keberadaan sinonimitas dalam al-Qur’an menjadi perdebatan di kalangan para mufasir. Sebagian menilai adanya sinonimitas dalam Al-Qur’an dan sebagian yang lain mengingkarinya. Beragam kata dalam Al-Qur’an yang pada lahirnya tampak bersinonim, namun bila diteliti secara cermat ternyata masing-masing kata tersebut mempunyai konotasi tersendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan konteks penggunaan kata al-Rajāʼ dan al-Tamannīʼ serta penafsiran para  mufassir terhadap ayat-ayat al-Rajāʼ dan al-Tamannīʼ. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tematik dengan menghimpun ayat-ayat yang berkaitan dengan permasalah kedua lafaz tersebut dan dengan merujuk kepada penjelasan para mufassir dalam kitab-kitab tafsir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penulis menemukan lafaẓ al-Rajāʼ dalam Al-Qur’an sebanyak 18 kali dengan 7 bentuk variasi kata, sedangkan lafaz al-Tamanni ditemukan sebanyak 9 kali serta memiliki 7 bentuk variasi kata pada masing-masing kedua Lafaz tersebut. Lafaz al-Rajāʼ dan al-Tamannīʼ diartikan dengan makna harapan atau cita-cita, namun dari segi perbedaannya lafaz al-Rajāʼ dikhususkan kepada harapan yang kemungkinan besar dapat dicapai dan diraih serta diiringi dengan usaha, sedangkan lafaz al-Tamannīʼ merupakan  pengharapan yang tidak dapat tercapai atau kemungkinan ketercapaiannya sangat  kecil.
Fællesskaber mellem kommune og civilsamfund: de fem vigtigste barrierer – og det fælles håb
Authors: Pedersen Finn Vedel , Raecke Christine , Mølager Randi , Kolbjørn Louise , Mariegård Søren
Published: April 2022

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PREDICTION OF LATE INSTALLMENT PAYMENT BASED ON INTEGRATION MODELING CLUSTER ANALYSIS AVERAGE AND WARD LINKAGE WITH SURVIVAL ANALYSIS (CASE STUDY: HOUSE OWNERSHIP LOAN BANK X CUSTOMERS)
Authors: Zahra Avida , fernandes adji
Published: April 2022

Cluster analysis is an exploratory analysis that is used to group
objects into several clusters, which clusters have different
characteristics. Survival analysis with Extended Cox regression is used
when there is a time-dependent predictor variable so that the
proportional hazard assumption is not met. This study integrates the two
methods. The variables used are Collateral, Character, Capacity,
Condition, and Capital (5C), Credit Collectability, and Credit Payment
Time. The 5C variable has many indicators. The data used is secondary
data obtained from a bank. The purpose of this study was to compare the
Extended Cox Regression model based on the integration of Cluster
analysis on Ward, and Average linkage with Survival analysis using the
Extended Cox Regression method. The results showed that the integrated
cluster model in Ward Linkage-based Extended Cox regression was the best
method with two clusters formed and the smallest mean squared error
value of the model, which was 0.265.
How Long Were Late Antique Books in Use? Possible Implications for New Testament Textual Criticism
Authors: Evans Craig A.
Published: April 2022

Recent study of libraries and book collections from late antiquity has shown that literary works were read, studied, annotated, corrected, and copied for two or more centuries before being retired or discarded. Given that there is no evidence that early Christian scribal practices differed from pagan practices, we may rightly ask whether early Christian writings, such as the autographs and first copies of the books that eventually would be recognized as canonical Scripture, also remained in use for 100 years or more. The evidence suggests that this was in fact the case. This sort of longevity could mean that at the time our extant Greek NT papyri were written in the late second and early to mid-third centuries, some of the autographs and first copies were still in circulation and in a position to influence the form of the Greek text.
Sin and Atonement: Lessons from the Pentateuch
Authors: SKLAR JAY
Published: April 2022

This essay explores atonement in the Pentateuch, focusing especially on Exodus–Numbers. Because the means of atonement differs according to the category of sin being addressed, I begin by describing the number and nature of these categories. I then consider which categories may be atoned for by means of sacrificial atonement, which categories may be atoned for by other means, and what lessons about sin and atonement are being communicated in each instance.
Joshua and Kingship
Authors: GOSWELL GREGORY
Published: April 2022

In contrast to the common idea that Joshua is modeled on and prefigures Josiah, this article shows that the connection of Joshua is fundamentally back in time to Moses, not forward in time to the latter kings. Joshua is depicted as Moses' successor and a second Moses. None of the key features of Joshua 1 (Joshua meditating on the law, the tribal pledge of total obedience, the military leadership of Joshua, the encouragements given to him, the promises of divine presence) are essentially royal in nature. Unlike subsequent kings, Joshua is a leader without a successor. The usually posited intertextual connections between Joshua and later kings are unconvincing. The book's emphasis on (Canaanite) kings as enemies makes it unlikely that Joshua himself is pictured as a king figure. In line with his nonroyal status, the closing chapter of the book depicts Joshua as head of an Israelite household exhorting other Israelite households and their heads to serve God as King faithfully.
Did Jesus Connect Son of Man to Daniel 7? A Short Reflection on the Position of Larry Hurtado
Authors: BOCK DARRELL L.
Published: April 2022

This short note interacts with Larry Hurtado's view that Jesus used the term Son of Man and may have alluded to Dan 7:13–14 at his Jewish examination, but did not connect the Scripture to the expression. The note argues that, in most of Jesus' uses, the term does not intend to evoke Dan 7 but that in this scene Jesus makes the connection as part of his more public confrontation of the final week. It also seeks to correct the impression that to argue for a connection of Dan 7 in this scene is to associate that text with all the uses of the title in the Gospels.
Disagreement in the Greco-Roman Literary Tradition and the Implications for Gospel Research
Authors: MASSEY PRESTON T.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this investigation is to compare and contrast the fourfold Gospel with four categories for understanding the motif of disagreement within the Greco-Roman literary tradition. I examine 16 Greco-Roman authors using more than 40 separate texts in order to document the case for the convention of disagreement. Under each rubric discussed, I undertake a comparison with and contrast to the fourfold Gospel. The net result of this investigation concludes that, in contrast to the four examined literary criteria, the authors of the fourfold Gospel should not be charged with intentionally contradicting each other.
What "Mercies of God"? Oiktirmos in Romans 12:1 against Its Septuagintal Background
Authors: GUPTA NIJAY K.
Published: April 2022

In what is considered to be a climactic point in Romans, in 12:1–2 Paul makes a firm appeal in view of "the mercies of God." It is the conclusion of many scholars that Paul is using the language of mercy (oiktirmos) either to refer to the argument of Rom 9–11 or, perhaps, to summarize chapters 1–11 as a whole. Though the term is undoubtedly acting to refer back to Paul's argument in the preceding material, there is a pattern of the usage of oiktirmos (and its cognates) in the LXX that has not been introduced into the scholarly discussion. We will examine the patterned use of oiktirmos in the LXX with a view toward how and why it appears as well as what other concepts are frequently and naturally correlated. Then we will demonstrate how suitable this specific term was for Paul in relating the mercy of God to the injunctions in 12:1–2. In particular, we will observe how oiktirmos appears in the discussion of God's covenant faithfulness with a view toward revelation, forgiveness, and deliverance.
The Ethics of Inclusion: The גר and the אזרח in the Passover to Yhwh
Authors: KELLY JOSEPH RYAN
Published: April 2022

When Yhwh instructs Moses on how the Israelites are to keep the Passover to Yhwh in Exod 12, Yhwh commands the inclusion of the גר in the cultic celebration. This article explores the ethical dimensions of this instruction, identifying two cooperating ethical principles—the Golden Rule analogy and the imitation of God. The Passover to Yhwh in Exod 12 encourages Israel to recall and reflect on their experience as גרים in Egypt and to imitate the divine patronage of Yhwh toward those who live as dependents among them.
Rest for the Animals? Nonhuman Sabbath Repose in Pentateuchal Law
Authors: SCHAFER A. RAHEL
Published: April 2022

Israel's legal material embodies care for nonhuman creatures. In comparison to the Decalogue, the concept of animal Sabbath rest is broadened in motivation, definition, and scope in each of the other sections of law. Exodus 20:8–11 provides the definition of Sabbath rest: animals are to do no work on Sabbath just like humans. Deuteronomy 5:12–15 expands the motivation for the Sabbath: rest for all laborers and domestic animals; deliverance from Egypt and oppression. Leviticus 25:2–7 expands the scope of Sabbath rest: Sabbath food is even for wild animals, and Sabbath rest is also for the land. The paradigm shift of Exod 23:10–12 expands the definition (animal rest is like God's rest), the scope (provision for the disadvantaged/rest for all workers), and motivation (in order that animals and servants may rest) of Sabbath rest. Other biblical passages shed further light on nonhuman Sabbath repose, as well as implying contemporary responsibilities for all humans regarding animal rest and care.
Meals in Pagan Temples and Apostolic Finances: How Effective Is Paul's Argument in 1 Corinthians 9:1–23 in the Context of 1 Corinthians 8–10?
Authors: WHITE JOEL R.
Published: April 2022

The relationship between Paul's instructions to the Corinthians regarding the consumption of meat in pagan cultic settings in 1 Corinthians 8 and 10 and his defense of his right to apostolic support in 1 Corinthians 9 is most often described in terms of a simple comparison: In the same way Paul dispenses with his right to support, so the Corinthian believers should refrain from exercising their right to eat meat. A careful analysis of these two disparate themes, however, against the background of recent sociohistorical study reveals a more thoroughgoing connection that goes to the very heart of Paul's Gospel.
Accuracy of a Factory-Calibrated Continuous Glucose Monitor in Individuals With Diabetes on Hemodialysis
Authors: Villard Orianne , Breton Marc D. , Rao Swati , Voelmle Mary K. , Fuller Morgan R. , Myers Helen E. , McFadden Ryan K. , Luke Zander S. , Wakeman Christian A. , Clancy-Oliveri Mary , Basu Ananda , Stumpf Meaghan M.
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves diabetes management, but its reliability in individuals on hemodialysis is poorly understood and potentially affected by interstitial and intravascular volume variations.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We assessed the accuracy of a factory-calibrated CGM by using venous blood glucose measurements (vBGM) during hemodialysis sessions and self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) at home.

RESULTS

Twenty participants completed the protocol. The mean absolute relative difference of the CGM was 13.8% and 14.4%, when calculated on SMBG (n = 684) and on vBGM (n = 624), and 98.7% and 100% of values in the Parkes error grid A/B zones, respectively. Throughout 181 days of CGM monitoring, the median time in range (70–180 mg/dL) was 38.5% (interquartile range 29.3–57.9), with 28.7% (7.8–40.6) of the time >250 mg/dL.

CONCLUSIONS

The overall performance of a factory-calibrated CGM appears reasonably accurate and clinically relevant for use in practice by individuals on hemodialysis and health professionals to improve diabetes management.
Does Addition of 10-MDP Monomer in Self-etch Adhesive Systems Improve the Clinical Performance of Noncarious Cervical Lesion Restorations? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: de Oliveira RP , Baia JCP , da Silva TSP , Magno MB , Maia LC , Loretto SC , da Silva e Souza MH
Published: April 2022

Background

Functional acidic monomers are able to chemically interact with hydroxyapatite, and this bond appears to be very stable. Therefore, this aspect of the 10-MDP molecule made it attractive and added to self-etch adhesives.

Objectives

The objective of this Systematic Review (SR) and Meta-analysis (MA) was to determine whether systems with the 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) functional monomer in their formula showed better clinical performance in restorations placed in noncarious cervical lesions (NCCL) when compared to systems without it. The PROSPERO registration number of the MA is CRD42016050538.

Data and sources

An e-search was conducted through MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, OpenGrey, Clinical Trials, Current Controlled Trials, and EU Clinical Trials Register, and a search through the references of included studies was also performed. Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials, in which the effectiveness of self-etch adhesive systems, with or without the 10-MDP functional monomer for NCCL, was discussed, were included. Risk of bias was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated through GRADE.

Study selection

The data were grouped, heterogeneity (I2) was tested, and after duplicate removal, 4208 manuscripts were retrieved. From these, 11 studies were included in the qualitative analysis (risk of bias), with nine classified as low risk and two unclear. GRADE analysis detected moderate-to-high certainty of evidence, so the quantitative synthesis [Meta-analysis (MA)] was performed including the 11 studies.

Results and Conclusion

There were no statistical differences in the clinical performance of restorations conducted using “with or without 10-MDP” adhesive types, for all evaluated criteria (p=0.05), with heterogeneity ranging from 0% to 53%. Thus, the presence of 10-MDP functional monomer did not influence the clinical performance of restorations placed in NCCL.
Effect of Aging on Surface Roughness and Color Stability of a Novel Alkasite in Comparison with Current Direct Restorative Materials
Authors: Yazkan B , Celik EU , Recen D
Published: April 2022

Aim

To compare the surface roughness and color stability of a novel alkasite with current direct restorative materials with and without an aging step.

Methods and Materials

Twenty-six specimens of each of the following materials were prepared: alkasite, ormocer, giomer, high-viscosity glass ionomer, glass carbomer, and nanohybrid composite (control). Half of the specimens in each group were stained, the other half of the specimens were aged and then stained. Color and surface roughness evaluations were conducted at baseline, after aging and after staining, using a dental spectrophotometer, and a three-dimentional (3D) noncontact optical profilometer, respectively. Statistical analyses were completed using one-way analysis of variance, post hoc Tukey test, and paired samples t-test.

Results

At baseline and after aging, the surface of alkasite was found to be rougher than nanohybrid composite and ormocer surfaces (p<0.05). However, in terms of roughness increase caused by aging, ormocer, nanohybrid composite, and alkasite were affected in a similar way (p>0.05). In terms of color stability, alkasite was more colored than nanohybrid composite and ormocer (p<0.05), and performed similar to giomer (p>0.05).

Conclusions

The surface roughness and color stability characteristics of alkasite material was between composite resins and glass ionomer-based materials after aging.
Change in the Shrinkage Forces of Composite Resins According to Controlled Deflection
Authors: Yoo I-S , Kim D , Kim K , Park S-h
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate how the polymerization shrinkage forces of composite resins change with change in deflection. Five composites, SDR (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), EcuSphere-Shape (DMG, Hamburg, Germany), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), CLEARFIL AP-X (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Sakazu, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan), and Filtek Z350 XT (3M Dental Products, St Paul, MN, USA), were tested in this experiment. The polymerization shrinkage forces of the composites were measured using a custom-made tooth-deflection-mimicking device and software (R&B Inc, Daejon, Korea). In all measurements, six modes were tested: maximum-deflection, zero-deflection, and four deflection-controlled modes. For each deflection mode, the shrinkage forces were recorded continuously every 0.1 second for 180 seconds. Polymerization shrinkage and flexural modulus were also measured. Eight specimens of each material were allocated for each test. For each material, six groups of shrinkage force values were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests at a 95% confidence level. The polymerization shrinkage force of each material in each of the six deflection modes was analyzed with 95% confidence using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. The relationship between the force measured in the six deflection modes and the linear polymerization shrinkage and flexural modulus was analysed with 95% confidence using Pearson correlation analysis. For each material, the following held true: the shrinkage force was highest in zero-deflection mode, the force decreased as deflection increased, and the smallest force appeared in maximum-deflection mode (p<0.05). There was a high negative correlation between allowable deflection and shrinkage force in all materials.
Handling and Mechanical Properties of Low-viscosity Bulk-fill Resin Composites
Authors: Hirokane E , Takamizawa T , Tamura T , Shibasaki S , Tsujimoto A , Barkmeier WW , Latta MA , Miyazaki M
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the filler contents (FCs), flexural properties, depth of cure (DOC), wear resistance, and handling properties of different low-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites (LVBRCs) and to determine the correlations between the tested parameters. Six LVBRCs, Beautifil-Bulk (BBF), Bulk Base Hard (BBH), Bulk Base Medium (BBM), Filtek Bulk-Fill Flowable Restorative (FBF), G-ænial Bulk Injectable (GBI), and SDR flow+ Bulk-Fill Flowable (SDR) were used. The DOC and flexural property tests were conducted according to the ISO 4049 specifications. The flexural strength, elastic modulus, and resilience were determined in 12 specimens that were obtained from each of the 6 materials. Sliding-impact-wear testing was conducted by evaluating the wear facets of the specimens using a noncontact profilometer and by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The handling properties of the LVBRC was assessed via extrusion force and thread formation measurements. The DOC for the majority of the LVBRCs was approximately 4 mm. Although the FCs and mechanical properties were material dependent, some LVBRCs exhibited excellent flexural properties and wear resistance. The LVBRCs demonstrated a wide range of extrusion force and thread formation. Regarding the correlations between the tested parameters, extremely strong negative and positive correlations were observed for the DOC versus extrusion force, flexural strength versus elastic modulus, maximum depth versus volume loss, and maximum depth versus thread formation. In addition, strong correlations between FCs and DOC, resilience, wear resistance, and extrusion force were observed.
Phenolic Acids and Antioxidants Profile, Antioxidative Enzymes and Antioxidant Activity of Mango
Authors:   Dept. of Agricultural Biochemistry, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 252), India, Panda Plaban , Dolui Subhrojit ,   Dept. of Agricultural Biochemistry, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 252), India, Banik Asis K. ,   Dept. of Postharvest Management, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 252), India, Majumder Anurup ,   Dept. of Agricultural Statistics, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 252), India, Bhattacharya Amitava ,   Dept. of Agricultural Biochemistry, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 252), India
Published: April 2022

In an effort to evaluate the antioxidative property in mango, a laboratory study was conducted at BCKV, Mohanpur during 2019 with ten varieties of mango selected on the basis of popularity and area coverage. The pulp of the fruit samples harvested at the firm ripe stage showed wide genotypic variability in the contents of antioxidants and activity of the antioxidative enzymes tested. Ascorbic acid and total phenol ranged from 16.20 to 44.26 mg 100 g-1 (around 55% of the RDA of ascorbic acid, on average) and 12.753 to 31.265 mg TE g-1 whereas CAT, PAL, POD and SOD were in the ranges of 15–101, 0.039–0.440, 0.230–2.333 and 3.194–6.695 corresponding units respectively. Antioxidant activity ascertained by DPPH and FRAP assays averaged 5.065 and 14.837 mg TE g-1 respectively. Five phenolic acids, one belonging to hydroxybenzoate (gallic acid) and four to hydroxycinnamates (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) along with t-cinnamic acid were analysed for their contents and ranged from 1282.02–12150.82, 210.34–1189.97, 2.31–56.82, 2.84–317.82, 9.68–41.59 and 3.52–18.59 µg g-1 respectively. The phenolic acids were ranked on the basis of antioxidant activity as gallic acid>ferulic acid>caffeic acid>chlorogenic acid>p–coumaric acid. There were important correlations between paired variables. Principal component analyses done with all the variables revealed that ‘Akhil gooti’ may be selected as the best variety with respect to antioxidative properties followed by ‘Himsagar’ and can be used for the improvement of the varieties and of the human diet.
Analysis of the Efficiency of Genomic Selection Models for Predicting Sheath Blight Resistance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.,)
Authors:   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, CPMB, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (641 003), India, - Mahantesh , Ganesamurthy K. ,   Dept. of Rice, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, CPMB, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (641 003), India, Das Sayan ,   Dept. of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection studies, CPMB, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (641 003), India, Saraswathi R. ,   Dept. of Rice, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, CPMB, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (641 003), India, Gopalakrishnan C. ,   Dept. of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection studies, CPMB, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (641 003), India, Gnanam R. ,   Dept. of Plant Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, CPMB, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (641 003), India
Published: April 2022

The research was undertaken during June-October 2020 at Seethanagaram and Draksharam villages of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India with an objective to evaluate efficiency of genomic selection models involving 1545 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from eleven bi-parental populations in Rice. During June-October 2020, the F7 RILs were screened in two hot spot locations. The genotyping was done with Infinium platform having 6564 SNP markers. Five models were used rrBLUP, BayesA, BayesB, BayesCPi and GBLUP to train the statistical model for calculation of marker effects and genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs). The prediction accuracy (data fit) of training set across models ranged 0.63–0.72, lowest and highest prediction accuracies were observed with rrBLUP and GBLUP models respectively. Tenfold cross validation with different approaches, the average prediction accuracy ranged from 0.60 (rrBLUP, BayesA, BayesB and BayesCPi) –0.72 (GBLUP). BayesB and GBLUP models exhibit higher prediction accuracies compared to other models studied. The predictive ability increased dramatically with more SNPs included in analysis until 2000 markers with average prediction accuracy of 0.681, no significant improvement beyond this was observed. The results are lucrative, all in all, high prediction accuracies observed in this study suggest genomic selection as a very promising strategy while breeding for sheath blight resistance in rice to increase genetic gain.
Methane production inventory between 1960–2020 in the Finnish dairy sector and the future mitigation scenarios
Authors: Huhtanen Pekka , Astaptsev Aleksi , Nousiainen Juha
Published: April 2022

Enteric methane (CH4) represents about half of the climatic footprint of milk production in Finland. Methane is generated from the surplus hydrogen produced during the anaerobic feed digestion process in the rumen. Methane intensity per liter of energy corrected milk (g CH4 kg-1 ECM) is a function of the number of cows, milk yield (MY), replacement rate (RR), and the diet composition. This study aimed to model and report the inventory of CH4 from milk production in Finland between 1960 and 2020. Furthermore, we report the potential future scenarios of CH4 mitigation strategies based on the further development in MY and feed efficiency with constant or changing BW of cows. The diet composition of cattle was formulated for 5-year periods according to feed consumption statistics (ProAgria 2021) and the current metabolizable energy (ME) requirements for dairy cattle (Luke 2021a). The CH4 production from cattle was simulated using the formulated diets with the Nordic dairy cow model Karoline. The future CH4 mitigation scenarios of increased MY and improved feed efficiency were simulated using Lypsikki® dairy farm model. During the inventory period, the number of cows (1000) decreased from 1150 to less than 258, and MY increased three-fold. The total milk and CH4 production peaked in 1965 being 3650 and 110 million kg per year and decreased to 2300 and 48 million kg per year in 2020, respectively.
Consequently, decreased number of cows and increased MY reduced the total CH4 production by 56%. In addition, CH4 intensity improved by 36% during the inventory period. Of the future scenarios, increased MY and improved feed efficiency had a substantial potential to improve CH4 intensity. In both scenarios maintaining the current BW of cows resulted in higher mitigation potential. We conclude that selecting more efficient animals has a significant CH4 mitigation potential.
Acknowledgement of referees
Authors: Puhakainen Tuula
Published: April 2022

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Gunshot Fracture of the Mandible
Authors: Shamova Tetiana , Blyzniuk Viacheslav
Published: April 2022

A 51-year-old male was transferred to the hospital with a gunshot injury of the lower face. Three-dimensional scan of the multislice computed tomography (MSCT) revealed a severely comminuted fracture (Panel A: arrow) of the left mandibular body at the inferior margin area (what corresponds to the gunshot marginal mandible fracture diagnosis among 12 variants of gunshot mandibular fractures)1. Also, the implantation of multiple different shape radiopaque foreign bodies (arrowhead) was also visualized along with metal artifacts. A rotated coronal scan of the MSCT (Panel B) showed linear continuation (waved arrow) of the fracture to the ramus (visualized as incomplete fracture)2, partially splitting it into medial and lateral fragments. Although the incomplete fractures are more common for the pediatric jaw fractures, in this gunshot injury the MSCT data also indicates an incomplete fracture. In this particular case, it was a gunshot compound fracture (also known as open fracture) of the mandible. 3 Intermaxillary fixation (also known as maxilla-mandibular4 or maxillomandibular fixation5) was performed for 3 weeks without open intervention in the mandible margin area. Antibiotic therapy (Ceftriaxone 1.0 g 2 times daily applying intramuscular administration) was done during 7 days after trauma.
Triple Infection of COVID-19, Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Adenovirus in 4-Month-Old Infant
Authors: Ben Houmich Taoufik , Lamrani Hanchi Asmae , Rada Noureddine , Draiss Ghizlane , Bousekraoui Mohamed , Soraa Nabila
Published: April 2022

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many cases of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with other respiratory pathogens have been reported. These situations may be a source of under-diagnosis leading to the spread of SARS-COV-2. We report the first case of triple infection involving SARS-CoV-2, Adenovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in 4 months old infant. Initially admitted with symptoms of viral bronchiolitis. The aim is to highlight the importance of using multiplex PCR for the syndromic approach of respiratory infections in this pandemic period, especially in children, in order to limit spread of COVID-19 to others.
The Characteristics of The Skill Based Questions and Their Reflections on Teachers and Students
Authors: ÜNSAL Serkan , KABA Selçuk
Published: April 2022

This study aims at examining teachers’ views on the characteristics of the skill-based questions that have been used in the HighSchool Entrance Exam (LGS) since 2018, the reasons for their changes, and their reflections on teachers and students. Havinga qualitative research model, the study employed phenomenological design. The working group consisted of 14 volunteerteachers who worked at secondary school in Kahramanmaraş during the 2019 and 2020 academic year and whose brancheswere included in High School Entrance exam. The data were obtained through a semi-structured interview form. Contentanalysis was used during data analysis. The participants stated that skill-based questions are daily life related, challenging anddistinctive questions that not only test reading skills but also require high level mental skills. Skill-based questions wereidentified to contribute to the teachers’ professional development, yet they led to some professional difficulties such as lackof resources and materials and unable able to catch up with the curriculum. Besides, skill-based questions were determined tomake contribution to the students' problem-solving skills, higher-order thinking skills, interpretation skills and graphic readingskills as well as making knowledge meaningful. However, they also had a negative impact on students with low academicachievement, such as having a sense of failure.
A Different Technic in The Teaching of Reading Comprehension Strategy: Self-Regulated Strategy Development Model
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Yusuf , KIROĞLU Kasım
Published: April 2022

Purpose: In the reading comprehension strategy teaching which starting with Durkin, how strategies are taught are asimportant as the strategy. One of the application that used in strategy instruction is the "Self-Regulated StrategyDevelopment (SRSD)" model which developed by Harris and Graham. This model, which was developed for the developmentof writing skills and applied to students with more learning disabilities, has started to be applied over time with reading skillsand students without any disabilities. Since the use of the model in the reading area is new, information about the modelshould be revealed in detail. For this reason, it is aimed to describe in detail the usage of the SRSD model in the teaching ofcomprehension.Design/Methodology/Approach: The document examination method from qualitative research methods was used in theresearch.Findings: As a result, it was found that SRSD model was used to develop different skills with different groups. It has been seenthat the SRSD model was used in literary works to improve writing, reading, metacognition, and mathematics skills. Despitethe fact that SRSD has been addressed with an increasing number of studies abroad in the field of strategy teachings, thefinding that there is not much work on this area in Turkey.Highlights: This model, which was originally developed for teaching writing, has been applied in the field of reading in recentyears. It is a model that allows students to control their own reading comprehension process. It supports the student in thisprocess and guides his/her understanding.
State control over compliance with labor legislation: scientific realities of today
Authors: Kostenko I.V.
Published: April 2022

In the conditions of quarantine restrictions and remote work, a person's right to work is massively violated, which makes the researched issues relevant. The article highlights the organization of state control over the activities of economic entities and employers by the State Service of Ukraine for Moratorium and Quarantine Restrictions, in compliance with labor legislation on the formalization of hired labor, compliance with labor standards, labor guarantees to employees in  case of violations of labor legislation. The purpose of this article is to study the role of control over compliance with labor legislation and provide suggestions and recommendations for improving the institution of control over compliance with labor laws. We have considered the system of penalties for violations of labor legislation. The influence of the ban (moratorium) on the implementation of planned measures of state supervision (control) in the field of economic activity is considered separately. Current trends in reforming the activities of the State Labor and labor inspectors have been studied. The purpose of this article is to study the role of control over compliance with labor legislation and provide suggestions and recommendations for improving the institution of control over compliance with labor laws. We have considered the system of penalties for violations of labor legislation. The influence of the ban (moratorium) on the implementation of planned measures of state supervision (control) in the field of economic activity is considered separately. Current trends in reforming the activities of the State Labor and labor inspectors have been studied.