bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONTRIBUIÇÕES CONCEITUAIS, TÉCNICAS E OPERACIONAIS PARA A PERÍCIA AMBIENTAL EM ÁREA DE INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS
Authors: Faria Karla Maria Silva de
Published: October 2023

A problemática dos incêndios florestais destaca a polêmica entre a ciência, legislação e sociedade. A histórica política de Fogo Zero adotada no país e as sanções estabelecidas na legislação, contrastam com o fato de quem entre 1985 e 2020, as áreas queimadas no Brasil representaram quase 20% do território brasileiro. Dada a natureza de particularidade dos biomas brasileiros e as lacunas na fiscalização e comportamento cultural da população brasileira com o fogo, a perícia ambiental quando acionada para avaliações em caso de incêndios florestais demanda ao perito ambiental o conhecimento especializado sobre o processo para comprovação das causas de ocorrência do fogo. O objetivo desse artigo é, portanto o apresentar as contribuições de técnicas, instrumentos e bases institucionais na avaliação das causas dos incêndios florestais que podem ser utilizados nas avaliações de perícia ambiental. Os resultados apontam a possibilidade do uso de diversas técnicas de análise do fenômeno, mas que demandará do perito ambiental conhecimentos específicos em áreas como dendrogeomorfologia, sistemas de informações geográficas, modelagens ambientais. No entanto, conhecimento de diversas técnicas e sua habilitação na compreensão da integração ambiental de variáreis e de técnicas para a análise substanciada, contribuirá para equacionar dúvidas quanto a natureza do processo e os responsáveis pelos atos que implicam em desobediência da legislação ambiental.
Analysis of the productivity of the collection center association of agricultural producersAsopagua
Authors: Abrigo Vivas Oscar , Moran Macías Luis , Bonilla Carpio Fernanda , López Chaquinga Gabriel
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that affect the low productivity of agricultural producers in the management of bovine milk transport negatively in marketing, as an incident element in the decrease in productivity of the Asopagua collection center. in the province of Cotopaxi-Ecuador in the period 2021, as a sample in the value chain. A bibliographic review was developed, and the inductive-deductive methods, the logical history, the analysisand synthesis were applied; the technical tool of the survey and the statistical model were used for the collection of sample data. It is intended to design a manual for technical management of processes that allows establishing control policies and beingmore efficient in its production plant for agricultural entrepreneurs dedicated to the activity of cattle ranching through training actions and strategies that reduce possible risks in the marketing.
A GAMIFICAÇÃO COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE ENSINO DE BANCO DE DADOS NA GRADUAÇÃO
Authors: Pinto Reni Aparecido Norberto , Borges Vânia de Oliveira , Piantino Luiz Fernando Moura , Cedran Paulo Cesar
Published: October 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a experiência da utilização do jogo para o ensino de banco de dados na graduação. Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre a utilização do Kahoot, plataforma de aprendizado baseada em jogos, para o ensino de conteúdos referentes à disciplina de banco de dados do curso de graduação em Sistemas de Informação de uma universidade de Minas Gerais. Participaram do jogo 37 alunos do terceiro período do curso de graduação em Sistemas de Informação. A partir da utilização do jogo foi possível evidenciar um maior engajamento dos alunos com os conteúdos abordados. O uso do Kahoot pode ser considerado para o ensino de banco de dados, pois essa plataforma de aprendizado baseada em jogos proporciona uma experiência de ensino mais interativa para os alunos. Salienta-se que, em Sistemas de Informação, a gamificação pode representar uma valiosa estratégia para o ensino de conceitos complexos de forma mais acessível e divertida, fazendo com que os alunos se sintam mais motivados e entusiasmados em aprender sobre banco de dados.
PRECEDENTE JUDICIAL: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE O OVERRULING NO DIREITO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Barros Ailton Cavalcante
Published: October 2023

O presente artigo visa esclarecer os aspetos gerais do que precedente judicial no sistema brasileiro, suas hipóteses de aplicação e repercussões no mundo jurídico, os desafios encontrados na ocorrência do overruling, avaliando ainda seu conteúdo e forma, sua estrutura e peculiaridades frente ao direito constitucional e processo civil. Os objetivos específicos do trabalho são: evidenciar a evolução do overruling no direito brasileiro; realizar uma análise crítica a segurança jurídica dos precedentes frente ao fenômeno de mutação dos stare decisis. O método de pesquisa será realizado mediante pesquisa bibliográfica, legislativa e jurisprudencial.
GAMIFICAÇÃO COMO FERRAMENTA DE EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE SOBRE VISITA DOMICILIAR: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Gomes Ana Luiza Silva , Alcântara Lívia Gonçalves Dias do Val , Pinto Reni Aparecido Norberto , Jardim Fabrine Aguilar
Published: October 2023

Este relato de experiência tem como objetivo compartilhar a experiência de utilização do jogo Passa ou Repassa aplicado a agentes comunitários de saúde durante uma atividade de educação permanente sobre o tema visita domiciliar. Esta iniciativa ocorreu no contexto da disciplina Saúde Coletiva do curso de enfermagem de uma universidade pública, com o objetivo de treinar agentes comunitários, tendo como cenário uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família de um município do interior do estado de Minas Gerais. Ficou evidente a importância da utilização da gamificação na educação permanente, com o objetivo de tornar o processo de ensino mais interessante e eficaz, servindo como uma possível ferramenta de educação permanente para a equipe de Saúde da Família.
Jubelåret og odelsretten: Om naturalisering av eiendomsrett og arverett
Authors: Runar Døving  , Jon Schackt
Published: October 2023

The rights concerning ownership to, and inheritance of, property are generally looked to as natural and taken for granted. In this article we ask why the rights of inheritance usually priorities consanguine bonds and how this arrangement originated.

As rights to property and inheritance was non-existent or only of minor importance in ancient hunter and gathering societies, we assume that these phenomena arose or became socially significant only with the development of agriculture and livestock breeding. In different agricultural societies the institutionalisation (and naturalisation) of inheritance rights took form in accordance with the kinship and symbolic systems of each. Here we take a closer look at two legal institutions in two different societies: the Jubilee of the Ancient Israelites (as accounted for in the Book of Leviticus) and the allodial rights of early mediaeval Norway (as represented in the Gulathing Law). We interpret these two institutions in terms of local kinship and symbolic systems and compare them to the ideas on natural law forwarded by John Locke, which in modern times has served as the foundation on which laws on property and inheritance are legitimised.
Enden på en ny begyndelse: Arv i nyere dansk film og tv-drama
Authors: Jakob Ladegaard
Published: October 2023

Inheritance is about cold cash and warm emotions. On a macroeconomic level inherited wealth is a source of inequality, but on a personal level it is a gift between relatives that can involve gratitude, but also a sense of obligation and duty continuity, but also conflicts. These perspectives often clash in public discussions about inheritance law and taxation. This article discusses the implicit notions about inheritance and their relationship to positions in the public debate in three Danish filmic works: Per Fly’s Inheritance (2003), first season of the TV-series The Heirs (2014) and Christian Sønderby Jepsen’s The Will (2011).
Howards Ends’ åndelige arving: Arv og umistelig ejendom i E. M. Forsters Howards End (1910)
Authors: Julie Hastrup-Markussen
Published: October 2023

When E. M. Forster published the novel Howards End in 1910, it was at the height of ‘the inheritance society’, and the gulf between rich and poor was great and problematic; a fact that Forster was very well aware of. Yet in spite of this, the main character in Howards End, Margaret Schlegel, is a financially independent rentier living off of the wealth of her ancestors, and her wealth increases when she is named the ‘spiritual heir’ of Ruth Wilcox and thus inherits the house of Howards End. In this study, I argue that Forster shifts the focus from inherited money to inherited values in order to pardon a society of great inequality. Drawing on an aristocratic principle, Forster thus deals with inheritance as an inalienable and spiritual subjectrather than as a legal and economic one.
NoBodies
Authors: Lozanski Kristin
Published: October 2023

The production of fruit, vegetables, and other horticultural crops in Canada relies upon the embodied labour of migrant agricultural workers who plant, prune, and harvest these crops. Using a feminist geopolitical lens, I foreground the bodies of these workers as these bodies are situated at the intersection of everyday lived experiences and systems of capitalist production through, in this case, Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP). Drawing on workers’ experiences of their bodies in the context of the regulatory provisions of the SAWP, I highlight the contradictory disembodiment of agricultural workers at the same time that their bodies are necessary to provide the physical labour at the heart of fruit and vegetable production. The disembodiment of these workers is possible because of their status as racialized non-citizens: while Canadians can insist upon the recognition of their bodies, migrant agricultural workers cannot. The disjuncture between embodied labour and embodied subjectivities was exacerbated with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which disproportionately affected on migrant agricultural workers – through their bodies – while in Canada. Given the relative safety afforded to those who held citizenship (and other permanent) status in Canada, I argue that the active disembodiment of migrant agricultural workers in Canada demonstrates the ways that embodiment is a privilege that is tightly bound to citizenship.
Challenging Nation-Statism
Authors: Kaul Nitasha
Published: October 2023

Critical scholarship can be a way of enacting insurrections against entrenched and enduring dogmatisms of the nation-state and its inalienable right to systematically deploy violence against selective Others. This article focuses upon the violent bordering practices of the nation-statist system, their connexion to the bordering of knowledges, and their impact upon specific kinds of bodies at the border, which together enforce a systemic vulnerability that is tied to legacies of colonialism, slavery, and capitalism. In the first part, I reflect upon the violence of bordering practices in the nation-statist system, foregrounding how those who predominantly receive this violence in the form of death and debility are the racialized Others. I put forth four specific implications of these violent bordering practices: they enable a cascade of interlinked dehumanizations of people within the nation-state borders; they occlude from view how any nation-state is not homogeneous over time in terms of what one might see as national culture; they allow economic processes to be perceived as scientific and abstract rather than as embedded in the realms of contested political jurisdictions; and they render and sustain the nation-state itself as a racialized construct that both produces and profits from class inequality in contemporary capitalism. In the second part, I argue for the need to perceive the link between violent bordering practices and bordered knowledges, highlighting and synthesizing insights from across disciplines that can aid in asking counter-hegemonic questions. In conclusion, and as part of necessary anti-national scholarly enquiry, I call for a multidimensional and sustained critical stance towards the nation-states’ rights to enforce borders.
El rastreo ocular sabe lo que (no) has leído
Authors: Rosales Andrea
Published: October 2023

Dave Eggers retoma el universo de El Círculo (Random House, 2013) para presentar la segunda novela de su saga de ciencia ficción: El Todo (Random House, 2021). Ambos bestsellers se basan en el paradigma de las grandes tecnológicas de Silicon Valley. La primera es la historia de la vida dentro de la red social y el buscador más grande del mundo: El Círculo. En la segunda, El Círculo se ha fusionado con la mayor compañía de comercio electrónico mundial, creando la empresa más rica y el mayor monopolio nunca visto en el mundo: El Todo. Sobran las asociaciones obvias con las grandes tecnológicas.
Conflict in the Philosophy of Georges Bataille
Authors: Kornishov Vasiliy Aleksandrovich , Egorov Pavel Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2023

The subject of this article is the interpretation of such a social phenomenon as conflict in the framework of the studies of the French philosopher of the XX century Georges Bataille. The purpose of the work is to examine the ideas of an author not previously used in conflictology, who has studied topics relevant to conflictology by the type of violence or prohibition, and to identify the relevance of these ideas for modern conflictology. The article considered the concepts of immanence and the system of energy expenditure developed by the thinker, as well as their connection with the process of conflict. Considerable attention was paid to the consideration of the ways of spending indicated by Batai. As an example of conflicts, the conflict for a place to watch bullfighting, described by the philosopher, and the enmity between the Montague and Capulet families from William Shakespeare's tragedy "Romeo and Juliet" were chosen for consideration, the features of which intersect with the ideas of Georges Bataille. The most important conclusion of the article is that for the thinker, conflict is rather a specific state than a confrontation. The relevance of this conclusion is due to the fact that such an interpretation of the conflict allows us to take a fresh look at the course of this phenomenon, since within the framework of the concept of Bataille, the role of contradictions in the conflict in the study becomes smaller compared to the internal experience of the parties. Such an approach to the consideration of the conflict will allow us to study in more detail other aspects of various situations that have not received significant attention in the framework of the consideration of conflicts before. As an example, we can mention the enmity between families from the tragedy of William Shakespeare, whose consideration through the interpretation of the conflict by Georges Bataille revealed that the end of the conflict may be associated with the reorganization of the process of wasting energy.
Applied Analysis of U.S.-China Strategic Competition in the UN System 2017-2022
Authors: Al Asad Ali , Tsimashchenia Viachaslau Andreevich
Published: October 2023

The subject of the study is the current role, approaches and activities of the U.S. and China in the UN system in the period 2017-2022. To conduct the study, authors used an applied analysis of the positions of China and the United States in the UN Specialized Agencies, the budgetary allocations of states to the organization, as well as the reactions of the United States and China and their allies to issues related to human rights and democracy in Taiwan, Hong Kong and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The main conclusions of the study, which authors come to, are that the strategic rivalry between the U.S. and China will continue to intensify during the Biden administration. The Biden administration's approach to competition and cooperation with China will also be characterized by the U.S. national interest. After the COVID-19 pandemic, new debates and conflicts over values, systems and ideologies emerged, changing the strategic competition between the United States and China from "US vs. China" to "free camp countries vs. China," which is more favorable to the US. J. Biden, a Democrat with a great career in Congress will move the debate about "values," "system," and the "ideology" of human rights and democracy to new areas of competition in the strategic competition between the U.S. and China.
Hemudu – Chinese early Neolithic culture
Authors: Popova Anastasiia , Shuraleva Milena
Published: October 2023

The subject of this research is the Chinese Neolithic Hemudu culture (河姆渡文化), it will be 50 years since its discovery in 2023. Its age is estimated at 6500-7000 years. Based on the analysis of archaeological reports, materials of the Hemudu Museum and research of Chinese and Russian scientists, the authors put the light on the geographical location of the ancient settlement of Hemudu, the history of its discovery, its main typological features, which led to identifying it as a independent culture of the Neolithic period of Eastern China. Hemudu had a great influence on the cultural genesis of Chinese civilization. More than 40 prehistoric settlements are attributed to the Hemudu culture. In this article, the authors gave a brief description of one of them – the ruins of Xiangjiashan (鲞架山遗址). The main conclusions of the study are as follows: the discovery and identification of the Hemudu culture was a major breakthrough in Chinese Neolithic archeology. It proved that the Yangtze basin was also the birthplace of ancient Chinese culture and rewrote the history of the development of Chinese civilization. In terms of its typological features, the Neolithic settlement of Xiangjiashan is similar to Hemudu, which indicates their genetic connection. The remains of the early Xiangjiashan period filled the gap in the history of the Hemudu settlement, making it more logical and understandable for researchers. All finds made not only in the settlement of Hemudu, but also in Xiangjiashan are extremely important for understanding the development of Chinese culture.
How to compare different pedagogical systems with each other using the object-hierarchical method of structuring and dosing information
Authors: Sennitskaya Elena Vladimirovna
Published: October 2023

The subject of this study was the existing pedagogical systems from the point of view of the object-hierarchical structure of their typical training sessions, namely their following parameters: 1) how many branches of the hierarchical scheme does the lesson contain; 2) how many steps of the hierarchy does each branch have; 3) how many objects are contained at each step of the hierarchy; 4) how many known objects reveal the essence of each unknown object; 5) do the lower steps of the hierarchical scheme of the lesson contain such objects that are not disclosed due to 3-5 known ones; 6) at which stages of the lesson objects are represented in static, and at which – in motion. The present work is a theoretical study, which consists in studying the possibility of using the method of object-hierarchical modeling for a more accurate description of existing learning systems, which would make it possible to introduce quantitative certainty into pedagogy and psychology. This approach is based on the method of modeling the information structure of the lesson developed by the author and experimental data presented by him in previous works on the influence of structuring and dosing of educational material on the attention and discipline of students, as well as on their emotional state. It is concluded that some training systems that have gained a reputation for being effective are consistent with the data obtained (for example, classes on the methods of A.-Ya. Komensky, S. Frenet and V.F. Shatalov). It is also concluded that the main reason for the rejection of the widespread introduction of these and some other methods (for example, "immersion" and programmed learning) is the quantitative uncertainty of pedagogical recommendations, which, in turn, can be corrected by applying an object-hierarchical description of the structure of the lesson.
Features of artistic and creative training in the field of industrial design in diverse universities of modern China
Authors: Xu Yun
Published: October 2023

The processes of modernization of the Chinese higher education system are changing the content of educational activities of educational institutions and emphasize the need to train specialists with the ability to think innovatively in industrial production. The author of this article focuses on the peculiarities of the organization of the educational process in the specialty industrial design in leading educational institutions of different profiles and the role of disciplines related to the formation of artistic abilities of students in it. The purpose of the research is to study the educational process in modern Chinese art and non-art universities and to identify those components of it that condition the training of a future specialist capable of productive professional activity in production conditions. The object of the research is the process of formation of professional knowledge and skills of future specialists in the field of industrial design in modern Chinese art and non-art universities. The subject of the study is a characteristic of the ratio of artistic and creative disciplines and other subjects during the preparation of students of the specialty "Industrial Design". The author of the work notes that educational institutions in China consider the ability to create sketches in different techniques, materials and stylistics as basic for future specialists, but drawing, composition and color theory are not taught in all universities as independent disciplines. At the same time, they are necessarily present in creative research projects as a mandatory component.
A single constructive algorithm for constructing foci of second-order curves
Authors: Voloshinov Denis Vyacheslavovich
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of some geometric schemes and discussion of the issues arising in this connection of the theory of constructing second-order curves by methods of constructive synthesis. The article shows that the currently used definitions of the center of the second-order curve and the diameters of these curves conflict with the principle of indistinguishability of conics in projective geometry. The ways of eliminating these contradictions are proposed and a unified algorithm for constructing foci of second-order curves is developed on their basis. The author's reasoning, based on the apparatus of projective geometry, will reveal a number of contradictions in the currently existing definitions relating to second-order curves, and their elimination will provide an opportunity to develop a unified approach to the construction of some geometric images initiated by second-order curves and give them a general constructive justification. As a result of the analysis of geometric schemes, a number of concepts of projective geometry were clarified, which made it possible to unify the solution of problems related to the construction of focal points of second-order curves. A unified algorithm for constructing all four foci of the second-order curve is presented. Thus, the basis has been laid for expanding the fields of application of geometric models to imaginary geometric images covered by the concept of a "second-order curve", and conducting research on the resulting geometric images and schemes.
Development of a Mobile Application of the Student's Study Schedule
Authors: Zaikov Vladimir Polievktovich , Prozorov Pavel Dmitrievich
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the work is to develop a mobile application that can provide the ability to create and edit a training schedule. The subject of development is a proprietary multiplatform mobile application using the Flutter framework. During the development, the MVC architectural pattern was used, data storage was implemented using the SQLite DBMS. The methodology of the work is based on the Scrum method, which allows you to break the workflow into sprints, each of which allowed you to conclude that it is advisable to implement the decision. Functional analysis, as the main method, allowed us to identify the basic requirements for convenient use of the program: view schedules by calendar dates, auto-fill fields, the ability to create, edit and delete educational information. A hybrid solution was chosen for implementation. Our own multiplatform mobile application was developed using the Flutter framework. During the development, the MVC architectural template was used. Data storage was implemented using SQLite DBMS. When designing the database, the following objects were defined: subject, teacher, audience, lesson type, time, date, lesson date. The developed application is ready for publication in the AppStore and Google Play. The result of its use will be improved communication with trainees, acceleration of the processes of creating and changing schedules, as well as reducing the time to download the necessary data.
Substandard vocabulary in the sublanguage of the coal mining industry
Authors: Pribytova Larisa Valentinovna
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the multidimensional characterization of the substandard vocabulary of the sublanguage of the coal mining industry. The functional-semiotic and structural heterogeneity of sublanguage slang has been established on the concrete material of the modern miner's sublanguage. The stratification categories of substandard vocabulary (professionalisms, interprofessionalisms, quasi-professionalisms, professional jargonisms), lexico-thematic groups, functions are described in detail. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of the ways and sources of the formation of special vocabulary of the lower case of the miners sublanguage slang, the main ways of forming the analyzed vocabulary are described in detail: the creation of a formally new unit and various semantic changes of words. It is concluded that the emergence and functioning of a developed system of substandard vocabulary in the miners' sublanguage is associated with the action of two main trends: the tendency to nominativeness, due to the need to overcome lacunarity and linguistic redundancy, as well as the tendency to portability, imagery and expressiveness. The thesis is put forward and supported by linguistic material that the special vocabulary of the sublanguage slang of the coal mining industry, considered in the socio-cultural aspect, represents the linguistic embodiment of the world of a special professional subculture, demonstrates the peculiarities of perception of objects of the outside world, ways of interacting with them, cultural stereotypes, values, motives and attitudes common to representatives of this profession.
The role of authentic materials in teaching RCT: from literary texts to media resources
Authors: Gao Syueman'
Published: October 2023

The subject of the study is a corpus of authentic materials used in the process of teaching languages. The object of research is the varieties of authentic materials used in RCT classes. The purpose of the study is to analyze in detail the types of authentic materials, the concept of "authenticity", the pros and cons of using authentic materials, the criteria for selecting authentic texts in the process of teaching RCT. To achieve this goal, foreign and Russian works of well-known methodologists in the field of language teaching were analyzed, as well as studies devoted to the peculiarities of working with authentic material in RCT classes. The main research methods are comparative analysis, observation, and survey research methods. The study concluded that the concept of "authentic materials" is controversial in modern linguodidactics. Researchers classify authentic texts, depending on the goals and objectives of the learning process. Despite this, methodologists identify criteria, following which it is necessary to select authentic material for RCT classes and make the content of the lesson close to the situation of live communication. At the same time, the texts of Internet discourse have proven themselves most effectively in the framework of teaching RCT, since with their help the language competence of a foreign student is formed quite quickly. The novelty of the research lies in the possibility of applying its results in practice in the process of using authentic materials in RCT classes.
Erythrocyte invasion-neutralising antibodies prevent Plasmodium falciparum RH5 from binding to basigin-containing membrane protein complexes
Authors: Jamwal Abhishek , Constantin Cristina F , Hirschi Stephan , Henrich Sebastian , Bildl Wolfgang , Fakler Bernd , Draper Simon J , Schulte Uwe , Higgins Matthew K
Published: October 2023

Basigin is an essential host receptor for invasion of Plasmodium falciparum into human erythrocytes, interacting with parasite surface protein PfRH5. PfRH5 is a leading blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate and a target of growth-inhibitory antibodies. Here, we show that erythrocyte basigin is exclusively found in one of two macromolecular complexes, bound either to plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase 1/4 (PMCA1/4) or to monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1). PfRH5 binds to each of these complexes with a higher affinity than to isolated basigin ectodomain, making it likely that these are the physiological targets of PfRH5. PMCA-mediated Ca2+ export is not affected by PfRH5, making it unlikely that this is the mechanism underlying changes in calcium flux at the interface between an erythrocyte and the invading parasite. However, our studies rationalise the function of the most effective growth-inhibitory antibodies targeting PfRH5. While these antibodies do not reduce the binding of PfRH5 to monomeric basigin, they do reduce its binding to basigin-PMCA and basigin-MCT complexes. This indicates that the most effective PfRH5-targeting antibodies inhibit growth by sterically blocking the essential interaction of PfRH5 with basigin in its physiological context.
Sexual dimorphic regulation of recombination by the synaptonemal complex in C. elegans
Authors: Cahoon Cori K , Richter Colette M , Dayton Amelia E , Libuda Diana E
Published: October 2023

In sexually reproducing organisms, germ cells faithfully transmit the genome to the next generation by forming haploid gametes, such as eggs and sperm. Although most meiotic proteins are conserved between eggs and sperm, many aspects of meiosis are sexually dimorphic, including the regulation of recombination. The synaptonemal complex (SC), a large ladder-like structure that forms between homologous chromosomes, is essential for regulating meiotic chromosome organization and promoting recombination. To assess whether sex-specific differences in the SC underpin sexually dimorphic aspects of meiosis, we examined Caenorhabditis elegans SC central region proteins (known as SYP proteins) in oogenesis and spermatogenesis and uncovered sex-specific roles for the SYPs in regulating meiotic recombination. We find that SC composition, specifically SYP-2, SYP-3, SYP-5, and SYP-6, is regulated by sex-specific mechanisms throughout meiotic prophase I. During pachytene, both oocytes and spermatocytes differentially regulate the stability of SYP-2 and SYP-3 within an assembled SC. Further, we uncover that the relative amount of SYP-2 and SYP-3 within the SC is independently regulated in both a sex-specific and a recombination-dependent manner. Specifically, we find that SYP-2 regulates the early steps of recombination in both sexes, while SYP-3 controls the timing and positioning of crossover recombination events across the genomic landscape in only oocytes. Finally, we find that SYP-2 and SYP-3 dosage can influence the composition of the other SYPs in the SC via sex-specific mechanisms during pachytene. Taken together, we demonstrate dosage-dependent regulation of individual SC components with sex-specific functions in recombination. These sexual dimorphic features of the SC provide insights into how spermatogenesis and oogenesis adapted similar chromosome structures to differentially regulate and execute recombination.
SIRT-1 is required for release of enveloped enteroviruses
Authors: Jassey Alagie , Logue James , Weston Stuart , Wagner Michael A. , Galitska Ganna , Miller Katelyn , Frieman Matthew B. , Jackson William T.
Published: October 2023

Enterovirus D68 is a re-emerging enterovirus that causes acute respiratory illness in infants and has recently been linked to Acute Flaccid Myelitis. Here, we show that the histone deacetylase, SIRT-1, is essential for autophagy and EV-D68 infection. Knockdown of SIRT-1 inhibits autophagy and reduces EV-D68 extracellular titers. The proviral activity of SIRT-1 does not require its deacetylase activity or functional autophagy. SIRT-1’s proviral activity is, we demonstrate, mediated through the repression of ER stress. Inducing ER stress through thapsigargin treatment or SERCA2A knockdown in SIRT-1 knockdown cells had no additional effect on EV-D68 extracellular titers. Knockdown of SIRT-1 also decreases poliovirus and SARS-CoV-2 titers but not coxsackievirus B3. In non-lytic conditions, EV-D68 is primarily released in an enveloped form, and SIRT-1 is required for this process. Our data show that SIRT-1, through its translocation to the cytosol, is critical to promote the release of enveloped EV-D68 viral particles.
miR-252 targeting temperature receptor CcTRPM to mediate the transition from summer-form to winter-form of Cacopsylla chinensis
Authors: Zhang Songdou , Li Jianying , Zhang Dongyue , Zhang Zhixian , Meng Shili , Li Zhen , Liu Xiaoxia
Published: October 2023

Temperature determines the geographical distribution of organisms and affects the outbreak and damage of pests. Insects seasonal polyphenism is a successful strategy adopted by some species to adapt the changeable external environment.
Cacopsylla chinensis
(Yang & Li) showed two seasonal morphotypes, summer-form and winter-form, with significant differences in morphological characteristics. Low temperature is the key environmental factor to induce its transition from summer-form to winter-form. However, the detailed molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we firstly confirmed that low temperature of 10°C induced the transition from summer-form to winter-form by affecting the cuticle thickness and chitin content. Subsequently, we demonstrated that
CcTRPM
functions as a temperature receptor to regulate this transition. In addition, miR-252 was identified to mediate the expression of
CcTRPM
to involve in this morphological transition. Finally, we found
CcTre1
and
CcCHS1
, two rate-limiting enzymes of insect chitin biosyntheis, act as the critical down-stream signal of
CcTRPM
in mediating this behavioral transition. Taken together, our results revealed that a signal transduction cascade mediates the seasonal polyphenism in
C. chinensis
. These findings not only lay a solid foundation for fully clarifying the ecological adaptation mechanism of
C. chinensis
outbreak, but also broaden our understanding about insect polymorphism.
Absence of electron-transfer-associated changes in the time-dependent X-ray free-electron laser structures of the photosynthetic reaction center
Authors: Nishikawa Gai , Sugo Yu , Saito Keisuke , Ishikita Hiroshi
Published: October 2023

Using the X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) structures of the photosynthetic reaction center from Blastochloris viridis that show light-induced time-dependent structural changes (Dods et al., (2021) Nature 589, 310–314), we investigated time-dependent changes in the energetics of the electron-transfer pathway, considering the entire protein environment of the protein structures and titrating the redox-active sites in the presence of all fully equilibrated titratable residues. In the dark and charge separation intermediate structures, the calculated redox potential (Em) values for the accessory bacteriochlorophyll and bacteriopheophytin in the electron-transfer-active branch (BL and HL) are higher than those in the electron-transfer-inactive branch (BM and HM). However, the stabilization of the charge-separated [PLPM]•+HL•– state owing to protein reorganization is not clearly observed in the Em(HL) values in the charge-separated 5 ps ([PLPM]•+HL•– state) structure. Furthermore, the expected chlorin ring deformation upon formation of HL•– (saddling mode) is absent in the HL geometry of the original 5 ps structure. These findings suggest that there is no clear link between the time-dependent structural changes and the electron-transfer events in the XFEL structures.
Tracing the substrate translocation mechanism in P-glycoprotein
Authors: Gewering Theresa , Waghray Deepali , Parey Kristian , Jung Hendrik , Tran Nghi N.B. , Zapata Joel , Zhao Pengyi , Chen Hao , Januliene Dovile , Hummer Gerhard , Urbatsch Ina L. , Moeller Arne , Zhang Qinghai
Published: October 2023

P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a prototypical ABC transporter of great biological and clinical significance that confers cancer multidrug resistance and mediates the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of many drugs
1–3
. Decades of structural and biochemical studies have provided insights into how Pgp binds diverse compounds
4–9
, but how they are translocated through the membrane has remained elusive. Here, we covalently attached a cyclic substrate to discrete sites of Pgp and determined multiple complex structures in inward- and outward-facing states by cryoEM. In conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations, our structures trace the substrate passage across the membrane and identify conformational changes in transmembrane helix 1 (TM1) as regulators of substrate transport. In mid-transport conformations, TM1 breaks at glycine 72. Mutation of this residue significantly impairs drug transport of Pgp in vivo, corroborating the importance of its regulatory role. Importantly, our data suggest that the cyclic substrate can exit Pgp without the requirement of a wide-open outward-facing conformation, diverting from the common efflux model for Pgp and other ABC exporters. The substrate transport mechanism of Pgp revealed here pinpoints critical targets for future drug discovery studies of this medically relevant system.
Intermittent fasting promotes type 3 innate lymphoid cells secreting IL-22 contributing to the beigeing of white adipose tissue
Authors: Chen Hong , Sun Lijun , Feng Lu , Han Xue , Zhang Yunhua , Zhai Wenbo , Zhang Zehe , Mulholland Michael , Zhang Weizhen , Yin Yue
Published: October 2023

Mechanism underlying the metabolic benefit of intermittent fasting remains largely unknown. Here, we reported that intermittent fasting promoted interleukin-22 (IL-22) production by type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) and subsequent beigeing of subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Adoptive transfer of intestinal ILC3s increased beigeing of white adipose tissue in diet-induced-obese mice. Exogenous IL-22 significantly increased the beigeing of subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Deficiency of IL-22 receptor (IL-22R) attenuated the beigeing induced by intermittent fasting. Single-cell sequencing of sorted intestinal immune cells revealed that intermittent fasting increased aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling in ILC3s. Analysis of cell-cell ligand receptor interactions indicated that intermittent fasting may stimulate the interaction of ILC3s with dendritic cells and macrophages. These results establish the role of intestinal ILC3s in beigeing of white adipose tissue, suggesting that ILC3/IL-22/IL-22R axis contributes to the metabolic benefit of intermittent fasting.
Elimination of subtelomeric repeat sequences exerts little effect on telomere functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hu Can , Zhu Xue-Ting , He Ming-Hong , Shao Yangyang , Qin Zhongjun , Wu Zhi-Jing , Zhou Jin-Qiu
Published: October 2023

Telomeres, which are chromosomal end structures, play a crucial role in maintaining genome stability and integrity in eukaryotes. In the baker’s yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, the X- and Y’-elements are subtelomeric repetitive sequences found in all thirty-two and seventeen telomeres, respectively. While the Y’-elements serve as a backup for telomere functions in cells lacking telomerase, the function of the X-elements remains unclear. This study utilized the
S. cerevisiae
strain SY12, which has three chromosomes and six telomeres, to investigate the role of X-elements (as well as Y’-elements) in telomere maintenance. Deletion of Y’-elements (SY12
YΔ
), X-elements (SY12
XYΔ+Y
), or both X- and Y’-elements (SY12
XYΔ
) did not impact the length of the terminal TG
1-3
tracks or telomere silencing. However, inactivation of telomerase in SY12
YΔ
, SY12
XYΔ+Y
, and SY12
XYΔ
cells resulted in cellular senescence and the generation of survivors. These survivors either maintained their telomeres through homologous recombination-dependent TG
1-3
track elongation or underwent microhomology-mediated intra-chromosomal end-to-end joining. Our findings indicate the non-essential role of subtelomeric X- and Y’-elements in telomere regulation in both telomerase-proficient and telomerase-null cells and suggest that these elements may represent remnants of
S. cerevisiae
genome evolution. Furthermore, strains with fewer or no subtelomeric elements exhibit more concise telomere structures and offer potential models for future studies in telomere biology.
Scaling of an antibody validation procedure enables quantification of antibody performance in major research applications
Authors: Ayoubi Riham , Ryan Joel , Biddle Michael S , Alshafie Walaa , Fotouhi Maryam , Bolivar Sara Gonzalez , Ruiz Moleon Vera , Eckmann Peter , Worrall Donovan , McDowell Ian , Southern Kathleen , Reintsch Wolfgang , Durcan Thomas M , Brown Claire , Bandrowski Anita , Virk Harvinder , Edwards Aled M , McPherson Peter , Laflamme Carl
Published: October 2023

Antibodies are critical reagents to detect and characterize proteins. It is commonly understood that many commercial antibodies do not recognize their intended targets, but information on the scope of the problem remains largely anecdotal, and as such, feasibility of the goal of at least one potent and specific antibody targeting each protein in a proteome cannot be assessed. Focusing on antibodies for human proteins, we have scaled a standardized characterization approach using parental and knockout cell lines (Laflamme et al., 2019) to assess the performance of 614 commercial antibodies for 65 neuroscience-related proteins. Side-by-side comparisons of all antibodies against each target, obtained from multiple commercial partners, have demonstrated that: (i) more than 50% of all antibodies failed in one or more applications, (ii) yet, ~50–75% of the protein set was covered by at least one high-performing antibody, depending on application, suggesting that coverage of human proteins by commercial antibodies is significant; and (iii) recombinant antibodies performed better than monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. The hundreds of underperforming antibodies identified in this study were found to have been used in a large number of published articles, which should raise alarm. Encouragingly, more than half of the underperforming commercial antibodies were reassessed by the manufacturers, and many had alterations to their recommended usage or were removed from the market. This first study helps demonstrate the scale of the antibody specificity problem but also suggests an efficient strategy toward achieving coverage of the human proteome; mine the existing commercial antibody repertoire, and use the data to focus new renewable antibody generation efforts.
Impact of forest disturbance on microarthropod communities depends on underlying ecological gradients and species traits
Authors: Nardi Davide , Fontaneto Diego , Girardi Matteo , Chini Isaac , Bertoldi Daniela , Larcher Roberto , Vernesi Cristiano
Published: October 2023

Windstorms and salvage logging lead to huge soil disturbance in alpine spruce forests, potentially affecting soil-living arthropods. However, the impacts of forest loss and possible interactions with underlying ecological gradients on soil microarthropod communities remain little known, especially across different environmental conditions. Here we used DNA metabarcoding approach to study wind-induced disturbances on forest communities of springtails and soil mites. In particular, we aimed to test the effect of forest soil disturbance on the abundance, richness, species composition, and functional guilds of microarthropods. We sampled 29 pairs of windfall-forest sites across gradients of elevation, precipitation, aspect and slope, 2 years after a massive windstorm, named Vaia, which hit North-Eastern Italy in October 2018. Our results showed that wind-induced disturbances led to detrimental impacts on soil-living communities. Abundance of microarthropods decreased in windfalls, but with interacting effects with precipitation gradients. Operative Taxonomic Units (OTU) richness strongly decreased in post-disturbance sites, particularly affecting plant-feeder trophic guilds. Furthermore, species composition analyses revealed that communities occurring in post-disturbance sites were different to those in undisturbed forests (i.e., stands without wind damage). However, variables at different spatial scales played different roles depending on the considered taxon. Our study contributes to shed light on the impacts on important, but often neglected arthropod communities after windstorm in spruce forests. Effects of forest disturbance are often mediated by underlying large scale ecological gradients, such as precipitation and topography. Massive impacts of stronger and more frequent windstorms are expected to hit forests in the future; given the response we recorded, mediated by environmental features, forest managers need to take site-specific conservation measures.
Tilapia lake virus causes mitochondrial damage: a proposed mechanism that leads to extensive death in fish cells
Authors: Raksaseri Promporn , Lertwanakarn Tuchakorn , Tattiyapong Puntanat , Kijtawornrat Anusak , Klomkleaw Wuthichai , Surachetpong Win
Published: October 2023

Background

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), also known as Tilapinevirus tilapiae, poses a significant threat to tilapia aquaculture, causing extensive mortality and economic losses. Understanding the mechanisms and pathogenesis of TiLV is crucial to mitigate its impact on this valuable fish species.

Methodology

In this study, we utilized transmission electron microscopy to investigate the ultrastructural changes in E-11 cells following TiLV infection. We also examined the presence of TiLV particles within the cells. Cellular viability and mitochondrial functions were assessed using MTT and ATP measurement assays and mitochondrial probes including JC-1 staining and MitoTracker™ Red.

Results

Our findings provide novel evidence demonstrating that TiLV causes cytotoxicity through the destruction of mitochondria. Transmission electron micrographs showed that TiLV particles were present in the cytoplasm of E-11 cells as early as 1 h after infection. Progressive swelling of mitochondria and ultrastructural damage to the cells were observed at 1, 3 and 6 days post-infection. Furthermore, losses of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential (MMP) were detected at 1 day after TiLV inoculation, as determined by mitochondrial probes. The results of the MTT assay also supported the hypothesis that the cell deaths in E-11 cells during TiLV infection may be caused by the disruption of mitochondrial structure and function.

Conclusions

Our study reveals the significant role of mitochondrial disruption in contributing to cellular death during the early stages of TiLV infection. These findings advance the understanding of TiLV pathogenesis and further enhance our knowledge of viral diseases in fish.