bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soluble immune mediators orchestrate protective in vitro granulomatous responses across Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex lineages
Authors: Arbués Ainhoa , Schmidiger Sarah , Reinhard Miriam , Borrell Sònia , Gagneux Sébastien , Portevin Damien
Published: February 2025

The members of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex (MTBC) causing human tuberculosis comprise ten phylogenetic lineages that differ in their geographical distribution. The human consequences of this phylogenetic diversity remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the phenotypic properties at the host-pathogen interface of 14 clinical strains representing five major MTBC lineages. Using a human
in vitro
granuloma model combined with bacterial load assessment, microscopy, flow cytometry, and multiplexed-bead arrays, we observed considerable intra-lineage diversity. Yet, modern lineages were overall associated with increased growth rate and more pronounced granulomatous responses. MTBC lineages exhibited distinct propensities to accumulate triglyceride lipid droplets —a phenotype associated with dormancy— that was particularly pronounced in lineage 2 and reduced in lineage 3 strains. The most favorable granuloma responses were associated with strong CD4 and CD8 T cell activation as well as inflammatory responses mediated by CXCL9, granzyme B and TNF. Both of which showed consistent negative correlation with bacterial proliferation across genetically distant MTBC strains of different lineages. Taken together, our data indicate that different virulence strategies and protective immune traits associate with MTBC genetic diversity at lineage and strain level.
Racialized narratives about multicultural parental collaboration in early childhood education and care
Authors: Sønsthagen Anne Grethe , Bruno Massao Prisca
Published: February 2025

This study examines what racialized narratives emerge when staff in two Norwegian early childcare centers discuss multicultural parental collaboration. Results stem from a re-analysis of the narratives from two focus group interviews from a previous study that focused on staff conversations about their descriptions of their collaboration with parents and families with refugee backgrounds. Theoretically, the study draws on symbolic power and violence theories, white privilege, and critical race theory. The results were dominated by two main narratives: Normality and Language. Normality narratives appear to emphasize whiteness and Norwegianess as the norms that all parents are expected to follow, and parents who do not conform risk being alienated and generalized as representatives of "the others." Language narrative highlights the place the Norwegian language occupies in judging parents' and children's abilities and ways of interaction. Given the importance placed on parents and children mastering the Norwegian language for future success in Norwegian society, other forms of communication and interactions are devalued and condemned, marginalizing parents and children struggling to learn and understand the Norwegian language and culture. The consequences of these narratives minimize the early childcare center’s role as a bridging institution.
A Comprehensive Review on Diverse Roles of Trichoderma spp. for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Chaudhary Prajwal , Kumari Sweta , Ektedar  , Chaudhary Shivani , Raj Anurag , Kumar Deepak , Gangwar Rohit
Published: February 2025

The over use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has had a number of negative effects on the environment and human health. They decrease microbial activity, raise disease resistance, lower soil fertility, and raise greenhouse gas emissions. It is inappropriate and impractical to treat plant diseases solely using chemical pesticides. The use of organic fertilizers and pesticides should be prioritized in order to attain sustainability in agriculture. Trichoderma has been increasingly popular among forward-thinking farmers as an alternative to synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in recent years. Its slow rate of colonization and reproduction, vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses, inability to totally remove pathogens, and high cost are the primary causes of its low adoption among farmers. To get over these obstacles, distinct strains of Trichoderma that are quick to grow and colonize, least impacted by environmental factors, and have a broad host range of diseases should be found. To ensure its widespread use, farmers should also be educated about the value of Trichoderma in agriculture through a variety of extension services. Trichoderma, which functions as a biofertilizer, bioremediation, and biocontrol agent, may be a practical and sustainable substitute.However, Trichoderma's applicability at the farmer level is still lacking, and its utilization is restricted to research endeavors. Therefore, the purpose of this study, which is based on a critical analysis of research papers from researchers around the world, is to disclose the current state of Trichoderma use, including its significance, modes of action, application and multiplication techniques, obstacles to widespread adoption, and suitable remedies.
HPV E6 and E7 mRNA Test for the Detection of High-Grade Cervical Lesions
Authors: Derbie Awoke , Maier Melanie , Amare Bereket , Misgan Eyaya , Nibret Endalkachew , Biadglegne Fantahun , Liebert Uwe G. , Minas Tsion Zewdu , Yenesew Muluken Agage , Nigatu Dabere , Mersha Tesfaye B. , Enquobahrie Daniel A. , Woldeamanuel Yimtubezinash , Abebe Tamrat
Published: February 2025

This cross-sectional study examines whether human papillomavirus (HPV) messenger RNA (mRNA)–based testing can identify women with high-risk abnormal cervical lesions..
Drivers of life history variation in a paedomorphic mole salamander
Authors: Sandoval Jessica L. , Anderson Thomas L.
Published: February 2025

Phenotypic variation is ubiquitous among organisms and is thought to provide an evolutionary advantage for species living in variable environments. Paedomorphosis, or the retention of juvenile traits in sexually mature adults, is a model system for understanding the ecological causes of phenotypic variation. In the facultatively paedomorphic mole salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum), the species' complex life cycle can follow three pathways that ultimately lead to the expression of two discrete adult phenotypes. An individual may undergo traditional development from egg to aquatic larva but will (1) remain in the water as a reproductive, gilled adult (paedomorph), (2) metamorphose into a terrestrial adult, or (3) delay metamorphosis and overwinter in an immature state in ponds, eventually developing into either the terrestrial or aquatic phenotype. We assessed environmental factors influencing variation in the occupancy and abundance of paedomorphic and overwintering larval A. talpoideum across natural populations in western Kentucky. We sampled 20 ponds in western Kentucky in 2013–2015 and 2022, and measured abiotic (e.g., pond depth, canopy cover, and dissolved oxygen) and biotic (e.g., larval and predator densities) factors to compare several hypotheses concerning phenotypic outcomes in A. talpoideum. We created and compared eight models based on ecologically plausible explanations for phenotypic variation. Paedomorphs occurred more often and in greater numbers following larval periods with favorable aquatic conditions including low larval densities and greater body sizes. The opposite was true for overwintering larvae, which were found more often after unfavorable aquatic conditions, high summer larval densities, dense canopy cover, and low dissolved oxygen.
Etoposide‐induced cancer cell death: roles of mitochondrial VDAC1 and calpain, and resistance mechanisms
Authors: Karunanithi Nivedita Aditya , Shoshan‐Barmatz Varda
Published: February 2025

Etoposide is an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase II, an enzyme essential for DNA transcription, replication, and chromosome segregation. It is well accepted that etoposide triggers cell death due to DNA damage. Our results indicate that multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to etoposide‐induced apoptosis, including the overexpression of the mitochondrial voltage‐dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) and its oligomerization, forming a mega‐channel that releases pro‐apoptotic proteins, thereby activating apoptosis. Etoposide induces C‐terminal truncation of VDAC1 (VDAC1‐ΔC) via the proteolytic actions of calpain‐1 and asparagine endopeptidase (AEP). A calpain‐specific inhibitor effectively prevented etoposide‐induced VDAC1‐ΔC formation, apoptosis, and the nuclear translocation of apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF). Additionally, etoposide upregulates the expression levels of apoptosis regulators (p53, Bax, p21, AIF) and of the proteases calpain and AEP. Etoposide‐induced apoptosis and VDAC1 truncation are cell‐type dependent and associated with calpain levels and activity. Etoposide‐induced VDAC1‐ΔC formation and apoptosis are tightly linked: as both display similar patterns of concentration‐ and time‐dependence, both are inhibited by calpain and AEP inhibitors, as well as the VDAC1 oligomerization inhibitor VBIT‐4, and are dependent on intracellular Ca2+. These findings highlight the complexity of etoposide's actions in different cellular contexts, suggest possible mechanisms of resistance, offer potential biomarkers for guiding etoposide treatment in cancer patients, and propose targeting VDAC1 and calpain as promising therapeutic strategies in cancer therapy.
Effects of pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions for the management of sleep problems in people with fibromyalgia: systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Hudson Jemma , Imamura Mari , Robertson Clare , Whibley Daniel , Aucott Lorna , Gillies Katie , Manson Paul , Dulake Debra , Abhishek Abhishek , Tang Nicole K Y , Macfarlane Gary J , Brazzelli Miriam
Published: February 2025

Clinical context

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue. Almost everyone with fibromyalgia has sleep problems.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of current interventions for the management of fibromyalgia‐related sleep problems.

Methods

Major electronic databases were searched in November 2021. We focused on randomised controlled trials assessing pharmacological and/or non‐pharmacological interventions in adults and children and identified 168 studies for inclusion. We assessed the methodological quality of included studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Our primary outcome of interest was sleep quality assessed using validated patient‐reported outcome measures.

Results

Results from primary studies were analysed using network meta‐analyses (NMA). The NMA for sleep quality included 65 studies evaluating 35 treatment categories (8247 participants). Most studies were at high overall risk of bias. Compared to placebo or sham treatments, there was some evidence that exercise (specifically land‐based aerobic exercise training in combination with flexibility training [SMD ‐4.69, 95%, Crl ‐8.14 to ‐1.28] and aquatic‐based aerobic exercise training [SMD ‐2.63, 95%, Crl ‐4.74 to ‐0.58]) may improve sleep. There was also a suggestion that land‐based strengthening exercise, psychological and behavioural therapy with a focus on sleep, electrotherapy, weight loss, dental splints, antipsychotics, and tricyclics may have a modest effect on sleep.

Conclusions

There is a low level of certainty surrounding the effectiveness of interventions for the management of sleep problems in people with fibromyalgia, but some forms of exercise training appear more likely to provide an improvement in sleep quality.

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Superlubricious Surfaces Through Surface Attached Hydrogels Obtained by C,H‐insertion Crosslinking
Authors: Maraula Renato , Bahrami Maryam , Jafari Safora , Prucker Oswald , Amann Tobias , Rühe Jürgen
Published: February 2025

The friction behavior of surfaces is investigated which are coated with surface‐attached hydrogel layers inspired by the structure of natural synovial joints. Photoinduced C,H insertion chemistry is used to form polymer networks from hydrogel precursor polymers and simultaneously link them to both sliding partners. As the crosslinking is performed in the dry state and all polymer chains are covalently bound to the surface, the hydrogel layers can only swell in one direction leading to strong chain stretching. This confinement leads to surfaces with ultralow adhesion and strongly reduces friction. The incorporation of charges and the addition of shear‐thinning polymers to the water phase allows for the generation of friction systems having coefficients of friction of µ = 0.002–0.001, thus reaching superlubricity and even surpassing the values reported for the properties of the natural model.
Pressure‐Controlled Nanoimprint Lithography Achieves over 20% Efficiency in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yinfeng , Li Hongjia , Xu Xiaopeng , Yu Liyang , Li Ruipeng , Peng Qiang
Published: February 2025

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) offers unprecedented control over active layer morphology in organic solar cells (OSCs), yet optimal processing conditions remain critical for maximizing device performance. Here, pressure‐dependent NIL fabrication of ordered interdigitated heterojunction structures is demonstrated in D18/L8‐BO‐based OSCs, achieving exceptional performance through systematic pressure optimization. At an optimal pressure of 50 bar, devices exhibit record‐setting metrics: 20.08% power conversion efficiency, 27.34 mA cm−2 short‐circuit current density, and 80.34% fill factor. The NIL‐patterned active layers form well‐defined, solvent‐resistant nanopillar arrays (8.7–29 nm height) with enhanced light‐harvesting capabilities. Detailed characterization reveals improved molecular ordering in both donor and acceptor phases, while advanced spectroscopy demonstrates accelerated charge transfer dynamics with reduced exciton dissociation and diffusion times. This pressure‐optimized NIL strategy simultaneously enhances the optical, morphological, and electronic properties of OSCs, establishing a promising pathway toward commercial‐scale organic photovoltaic technology.
Self‐Regenerating Zwitterionic Hydrogel Coating Modified by Metal‐Organic Framework for Integrated Anti‐Biofouling and Anti‐Corrosion
Authors: Zhang Yichen , Pan Jiansen , Xie Qingyi , Ma Chunfeng , Zhang Guangzhao
Published: February 2025

Hydrogel coating has a certain ability to inhibit marine biofouling. However, owing to their poor mechanical properties and short service life, they have not found solid applications in marine protection. Herein, a novel self‐regenerating zwitterionic hydrogel coating composed of a self‐crosslinking degradable polymer with hydrolysis‐induced zwitterions and corrosion inhibitor benzotriazole (BTA) loaded metal‐organic framework (MOF) is reported, which exhibits both anti‐biofouling and anti‐corrosion performance. The polymer is prepared by copolymerization of 2‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxepane (MDO) and vinyl chloroacetate (VCA) followed by grafting with 2‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl dimethylamino propionate (TPD). It can self‐crosslink or crosslink with BTA‐loaded MOF forming a network, and even chemically link the substrate creating a robust interface. Accordingly, the hydrogel coating exhibits good mechanical properties and adhesion. Because the zwitterionic surface with antifouling ability can be continuously renewed by the degradation and hydrolysis of the polymer, the coating has high resistance to bacteria and diatom in seawater. The degradation and hydrolysis also enable the release of BTA, significantly inhibiting surface corrosion. This study represents an important step toward the integration of hydrogel into anti‐biofouling and anti‐corrosion coating.
Constructing Internal Coupling Reactions Through Iron Substitution to Facilitate Manganese‐Based Mixed‐Phosphate Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Li Guodong , Zhang Linjuan , Xu Zhenming , Liu Yao , Zhang Kai , Zhao Shaoyuan , Cao Yongjie , Xia Yongyao
Published: February 2025

Manganese‐based mixed‐phosphate (Na4Mn3(PO4)2P2O7, NMPP) is a promising high‐voltage cathode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). However, the sluggish kinetics of Mn3+/Mn2+ redox and Mn dissolution problems result in poor rate capability and cycle stability. Herein, manganese is substituted with iron to synthesize a series of Na4Mn3‐xFex(PO4)2P2O7 (0≤x≤2, NMFPP) materials. Among these, the optimized Na4Mn1.5Fe1.5(PO4)2P2O7 (NMFPP‐1.5) sample exhibits the highest thermodynamic stability and electronic conductivity via theoretical calculations. Practically, NMFPP‐1.5 exhibits not only the largest gravimetric energy density of 378.5 Wh kg−1 (14.4% higher than NMPP) in SIBs, but also the least Mn dissolution and the fastest Na‐ion diffusion kinetics. In situ investigations illustrate the Na‐ion extraction/insertion of NMFPP‐1.5 as an imperfect solid‐solution reaction with lattice distortions. Notably, a kinetic‐controlled electrochemical‐chemical‐coupling discharge mechanism is proposed to understand the voltage hysteresis and additional voltage plateau phenomenon caused by the great kinetics difference between Fe3+/Fe2+ and Mn3+/Mn2+ redox couples. This coupling process facilitates the fast discharge capability of NMFPP‐1.5, guaranteeing for grid‐scale energy storage system application. Furthermore, the practical usability is validated by fabricating NMFPP‐1.5 with hard carbon. The full cell reaches 204.6 Wh kg−1 based on the total anode and cathode mass, exhibiting excellent rate capability and high cycle stability.
Functional Biomaterials Derived from Protein Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation and Liquid‐to‐Solid Transition
Authors: Li Tianchen , Ilhamsyah Dea , Tai Benedict , Shen Yi
Published: February 2025

Protein phase transitions play a vital role in both cellular functions and pathogenesis. Dispersed proteins can undergo liquid–liquid phase separation to form condensates, a process that is reversible and highly regulated within cells. The formation and physicochemical properties of these condensates, such as composition, viscosity, and multiphase miscibility, are precisely modulated to fulfill specific biological functions. However, protein condensates can undergo a further liquid‐to‐solid state, forming β‐sheet‐rich aggregates that may disrupt cellular function and lead to diseases. While this phenomenon is crucial for biological processes and has significant implications for neurodegenerative diseases, the phase behavior of naturally derived or engineered proteins and polypeptides also presents opportunities for developing high‐performance, multifunctional materials at various scales. Additionally, the unique molecular recruitment capabilities of condensates inspire innovative advancements in biomaterial design for applications in drug discovery, delivery, and biosynthesis. This work highlights recent progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying protein phase behavior, particularly how it responds to internal molecular changes and external physical stimuli. Furthermore, the fabrication of multifunctional materials derived from diverse protein sources through controlled phase transitions is demonstrated.
Anisotropic Electrical Transport in Mechanically Responsive Silver‐Coated Microparticle‐Gel Composites for Flowable Semiconducting Materials
Authors: Brucks Matthew D. , Arslanova Alina , Byrne Nicholas F. , Hui Janan , Kurtz Heather E. , Hersam Mark C. , Richards Jeffrey J.
Published: February 2025

Soft materials with reversible electrical and mechanical properties are critical for the development of advanced bioelectronics that can distinguish between different rates of applied strain and eliminate performance degradation over many cycles. However, the current paradigm in mechano‐electronic devices involves measuring changes in electrical current based on the accumulation of strain within a conductive material that alters the geometry through which electrons flow. Attempts have been made to incorporate soft materials like liquid metals and concentrated solutions of conjugated polymers and salts to overcome materials degradation but are limited in their ability to detect changes in the rate of the applied strain. Herein, the anisotropic electrical performance of a soft semiconducting composite prepared with silver‐coated microspheres dispersed within a swollen copolymer gel is demonstrated. This composite exhibits an electrical response proportional to the magnitude of the applied shear force to enable a rate‐of‐strain dependent conductivity. Furthermore, a 100‐fold increase in the conductivity of the composite is observed when the electric field is oriented parallel to the flow direction. This improvement in the electrical response can be attributed to the enhanced alignment of microspheres in viscoelastic media and can be leveraged in the development of mechanically responsive electronic devices.
2D Conjugated Metal–Organic Framework‐Based Composite Membranes for Nanofluidic Ionic Photoelectric Conversion
Authors: Jiang Xinyan , Zhang Qixiang , Zhao Naijia , Li Zhe , Jiang Lei , Zhang Zhen
Published: February 2025

Nanofluidic photoelectric conversion system based on photo‐excitable 2D materials can directly transduce light stimuli into an ion‐transport‐mediated electric signal, showing potential for mimicking the retina's function with a more favorable human–robot interactions. However, the current membranes suffer from low generation efficiency of charge carriers due to the mixed microstructure and limited charge transport ability caused by the large interlayer spacing and monotonous pathway. Here, a fully conjugated 2D hexaimino‐substituted triphenylene‐based metal–organic framework (2D‐HATP‐cMOF) based composite membrane with high conductivity for photoelectric conversion is presented. The extended π‐d conjugation within the ab plane and the favorable transport pathway through π–π stacking of the c‐MOF maximize the generation and transfer of charge carrier and greatly accelerate the ion transport. As a result, the 2D‐HATP‐cMOF‐based composite membrane possesses ultrafast photoelectric response, superior to other reported 2D systems like graphene oxide (GO), transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides (MXene), and MoS2, which require at least 10 s. A successful ion pump phenomenon, that is active transport from low concentration to high concentration as an important way of information transmission in organisms, is realized based on the efficient photoelectric conversion capability. This work demonstrates the great promise of 2D c‐MOF in ionic photoelectric conversion.
Weak Near‐Infrared Light Visualization Enabled by Smart Multifunctional Optoelectronics
Authors: Bi Pengqing , Wang Jianqiu , Chen Zhihao , Li Zelong , Tan Cheng , Qiao Jiawei , Dai Jiangbo , Zhang Tao , Gao Jiajia , Goh Wei Peng , Lyu Chengkun , Jiang Changyun , Hao Xiaotao , Hou Jianhui , Yang Le
Published: February 2025

Visualizing weak NIR light is critical for sensing, imaging, and communication, but remains challenging due to inefficient detection and upconversion (UC) mechanisms. A smart NIR‐to‐visible photon‐UC organic optoelectronic device is reported that integrates photodetection, light‐emitting diode (LED), and photovoltaic capabilities to enable clear visualization of weak NIR light. The programmable device has continuous photodetection monitoring of the incident NIR intensity. When the incident intensity falls below a preset threshold, the LED function is automatically triggered to compensate for the UC emission, amplifying the visualization. The smart multifunctional device uses a carefully designed ternary bulk heterojunction sensitizer doped with rubrene:DBP as the emitter. It demonstrates high UC efficiency (>1.5%) for upconversion from 808 to 608 nm, allowing NIR visualization without external power under strong illumination. It also shows excellent NIR photodetection with photoresponsivity of 0.35 A W−1 at 800 nm and specific detectivity reaching 10¹2–10¹3 Jones, enabling sensitive detection under low‐light conditions. It also exhibits a low turn‐on voltage (0.9 V) and luminance exceeding 1200 cd m−2 at 5 V, ensuring energy‐efficient light compensation. Furthermore, it achieves >10% power conversion efficiency, enabling sustainable self‐powered operation. This multifunctional, high‐performance system offers great potential in sensing, energy harvesting, and display technologies.
Reactive Plasma Deposition of ITO as an Efficient Buffer Layer for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Wang , Liu Xinxing , Zhang Junjun , Wang Heming , Yuan Can , Lin Shiju , Chen Chao , Shen Chen , Tang Jiang , Li Jianmin , Bu Tongle , Wang Sheng , Jiang Yan , Xiao Xudong , Gong Junbo
Published: February 2025

In this study, the potential of reactive plasma deposition (RPD) is demonstrated for fabricating indium tin oxide (ITO) as an efficient buffer layer in inverted wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This method results in a certified efficiency of 21.33% for wide‐bandgap PSCs, demonstrating superior thermal stability and operational stability. The optimized devices achieve an impressive open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.252 V with a bandgap of 1.67 eV, resulting in a remarkably low voltage deficit of 0.418 V, attributed to improved electron extraction, reduced interface defects, and suppressed surface recombination. The cells maintain over 90% of their initial efficiency after 1023 h of thermal aging at 88 °C. Furthermore, by integrating a highly efficient semi‐transparent PSC with a CIGS bottom cell, a four‐terminal tandem configuration is achieved with a total efficiency of 29.03%, representing one of the most efficient perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cells reported to date. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of RPD for improving the performance and scalability of inverted wide‐bandgap PSCs.
Zwitterionic Photosensitizer‐Assembled Nanocluster Produces Efficient Photogenerated Radicals via Autoionization for Superior Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: He Ping , Jia Mingxuan , Yang Linfang , Zhang Haolin , Chen Ruizhe , Yao Weiyun , Pan Yonghui , Fan Quli , Hu Wenbo , Huang Wei
Published: February 2025

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds significant promise for antibacterial treatment, with its potential markedly amplified when using Type I photosensitizers (PSs). However, developing Type I PSs remains a significant challenge due to a lack of reliable design strategy. Herein, a Type I PS nanocluster is developed via self‐assembly of zwitterionic small molecule (C3TH) for superior antibacterial PDT in vivo. Mechanism studies demonstrate that unique cross‐arranged C3TH within nanocluster not only shortens intermolecular distance but also inhibits intermolecular electronic‐vibrational coupling, thus facilitating intermolecular photoinduced electron transfer to form PS radical cation and anion via autoionization reaction. Subsequently, these highly oxidizing or reducing PS radicals engage in cascade photoredox to generate efficient ·OH and O2‾·. As a result, C3TH nanoclusters achieve a 97.6% antibacterial efficacy against MRSA at an ultralow dose, surpassing the efficacy of the commercial antibiotic Vancomycin by more than 8.8‐fold. These findings deepen the understanding of Type I PDT, providing a novel strategy for developing Type I PSs.
A Pathway Toward Sub‐10 nm Surface Nanostructures Utilizing Block Copolymer Crystallization Control
Authors: Meinhardt Alexander , Qi Peng , David Christian , Maximov Ivan , Keller Thomas F.
Published: February 2025

It is elucidated how crystallization can be used to create lateral surface nanostructures in a size regime toward sub‐10 nm using molecular self‐assembly of short chain crystallizable block copolymers (BCP) and assist in overcoming the high‐χ barrier for microphase separation. In this work, an amphiphilic double‐crystalline polyethylene‐b‐polyethylene oxide (PE‐b‐PEO) block co‐oligomer is used. A crystallization mechanism of the short‐chain BCP in combination with neutral wetting of the functionalized substrate surface that permits to form edge‐on, extended chain crystal lamellae with enhanced thermodynamic stability. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis along with surface energy considerations suggest that upon cooling from the polymer melt, the PE‐b‐PEO first forms a segregated horizontal lamellar morphology. AFM analysis indicates that the PEO crystallization triggers a morphological transition involving a rotation of the forming extended chain crystals in edge‐on orientation. Exposing their crystal side facets to the top surface permits to minimize their interfacial energy and form vertical nanostructures. Moreover, the edge‐on lamellae can be macroscopically aligned by directed self‐assembly (DSA), one necessity for various nanotechnological applications. It is believed that the observed mechanism to form stable edge‐on lamellae can be transferred to other crystallizable short chain BCPs, providing potential pathways for sub‐10 nm nanotechnology.
Nudix Hydrolase 13 Impairs the Initiation of Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting PKM1 ADP‐Ribosylation
Authors: Lin Jinlong , Yin Yixin , Cao Jinghua , Zou Bingxu , Han Kai , Chen Yufan , Li Siyu , Huang Cijun , Chen Jiewei , Lv Yongrui , Xu Shuidan , Xie Dan , Wang Fengwei
Published: February 2025

Metabolic dysregulation has been implicated as a key factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation, however, the underlying driving forces and mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, transcriptome profiling of paired early‐stage CRCs and adenomas identifies Nudix hydrolase 13 (NUDT13) as a critical suppressor. Elevated NUDT13 expression impedes the proliferation of CRC cells under hypoxic conditions and markedly inhibits CRC initiation by upregulating PKM1. Mechanistically, NUDT13 directly binds and stabilizes PKM1 protein by reducing its poly ADP‐ribosylation (PARylation), which is catalyzed by PARP1 at E275/D281/E282/E285/D296, thereby inducing an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) phenotype in CRC cells. Moreover, spatiotemporal knockout of Nudt13 enhances intestinal tumorigenesis in mice, which can be significantly suppressed by PARP1 inhibitor Olaparib. Notably, residues E245/E248/E249 within the Nudix box motif of NUDT13 are essential for PKM1 PARylation, and a mimic peptide derived from this motif is sufficient to stabilize PKM1 protein and robustly inhibit CRC tumorigenesis. Collectively, this study reveals a previously unknown PARylation‐dependent mechanism that regulates PKM1 protein stability and switches the metabolic pathway of CRC cells, providing a promising target for CRC treatment.
Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica to Enhance the Production of Malonic Acid via Malonyl‐CoA Pathway at High Titer
Authors: Yang Qun , Tian Mengzhen , Dong Ping , Zhao Yunying , Deng Yu
Published: February 2025

Malonic acid (MA) is a high‐value‐added chemical with significant applications in the polymers, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Microbial production of MA presents enzyme inefficiencies, competitive metabolic pathways, and dispersive carbon flux, which collectively limit its biosynthesis. Here, the non‐conventional oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is genetically engineered to enhance MA production. Initially, the malonyl‐CoA pathway, comprising a malonyl‐CoA hydrolase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is confirmed as the most efficient for MA production in Y. lipolytica. To further enhance MA production, two novel malonyl‐CoA hydrolases exhibiting higher activity than the hydrolase from S. cerevisiae, are identified from Y. lipolytica and Fusarium oxysporum, respectively. The introduction of the malonyl‐CoA hydrolase from F. oxysporum increases the MA titer to 6.3 g L−1. Subsequently, advanced metabolic engineering strategies are performed to ensure a sufficient flux of the precursors acetyl‐CoA and malonyl‐CoA for MA production, resulting in a production of 13.8 g L−1 MA in shaking‐flasks. Finally, by employing the fermentation conditions and feeding strategies, a maximum concentration of 63.6 g L−1 of MA is achieved at 156 h with a productivity of 0.41 g L−1 h−1 in fed‐batch fermentation. This study provides a new way for engineering Y. lipolytica to enhance MA production at high titer.
Berberine is a Novel Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Inhibitor that Disrupts MCU‐EMRE Assembly
Authors: Zhao Haixin , Chen Siqi , Cao Nian , Wu Wenjun , Liu Guangqin , Gao Jun , Chen Jiayi , Li Ting , Lu Dingyi , Zeng Lingmin , Zhu Haizhen , Zhang Weina , Xia Qing , Li Teng , Zhou Tao , Zhang Xue‐Min , Li Ai‐Ling , Pan Xin
Published: February 2025

The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex mediates Ca2+ entry into mitochondria, which plays a crucial role in regulating cellular energy metabolism and apoptosis. Dysregulation of MCU is implicated in various diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiac diseases, and cancer. Despite its importance, developing specific and clinically viable MCU inhibitors is challenging. Here, Berberine, a well‐established drug with a documented safety profile, is identified as a potent MCU inhibitor through a virtual screening of an FDA‐approved drug library. Berberine localizes within mitochondria and directly binds to the juxtamembrane loop domain of MCU. This binding disrupts the interaction of MCU with its essential regulator, EMRE, thereby inhibiting rapid Ca2+ entry into the mitochondria. Notably, Berberine pretreatment reduces mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and mitigates ischemia/reperfusion‐induced myocardial injury in mice. These findings establish Berberine as a potent MCU inhibitor, offering a safe therapeutic strategy for diseases associated with dysregulated mitochondrial calcium homeostasis.
DeepInterAware: Deep Interaction Interface‐Aware Network for Improving Antigen‐Antibody Interaction Prediction from Sequence Data
Authors: Xia Yuhang , Wang Zhiwei , Huang Feng , Xiong Zhankun , Wang Yongkang , Qiu Minyao , Zhang Wen
Published: February 2025

Identifying interactions between candidate antibodies and target antigens is a key step in developing effective human therapeutics. The antigen–antibody interaction (AAI) occurs at the structural level, but the limited structure data poses a significant challenge. However, recent studies revealed that structural information can be learned from the vast amount of sequence data, indicating that the interaction prediction can benefit from the abundance of antigen and antibody sequences. In this study, DeepInterAware (deep interaction interface‐aware network) is proposed, a framework dynamically incorporating interaction interface information directly learned from sequence data, along with the inherent specificity information of the sequences. Experimental results in interaction prediction demonstrate that DeepInterAware outperforms existing methods and exhibits promising inductive capabilities for predicting interactions involving unseen antigens or antibodies, and transfer capabilities for similar tasks. More notably, DeepInterAware has unique advantages that existing methods lack. First, DeepInterAware can dive into the underlying mechanisms of AAIs, offering the ability to identify potential binding sites. Second, it is proficient in detecting mutations within antigens or antibodies, and can be extended for precise predictions of the binding free energy changes upon mutations. The HER2‐targeting antibody screening experiment further underscores DeepInterAware's exceptional capability in identifying binding antibodies for target antigens, establishing it as an important tool for antibody screening.
Aspergillus Mycotoxins: The Major Food Contaminants
Authors: Xue Mengyao , Qu Zheng , Moretti Antonio , Logrieco Antonio F. , Chu Haiyan , Zhang Qi , Sun Changpo , Ren Xianfeng , Cui Li , Chen Qinglin , An Yi , Li Chengjun , Zhong Huan , Cao Zhiyan , Wang Feng , Sun Yuebing , Wang Lili , Hou Jie , Zhang Chenchen , Yang Mengmeng , Ding Yiming , Yao Yanpo , Li Peiwu , Zhu Yong‐Guan
Published: February 2025

Mycotoxins, a category of fungal secondary metabolites, frequently contaminate food products and pose a severe threat to human health. Aspergillus, a genus of fungi, is capable of producing mycotoxins, with aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxins being its principal types. Aspergillus mycotoxins can contaminate a wide range of crops and their derivatives, such as maize, wheat, rice, minor cereals, and peanuts, thereby threatening food and feed safety. In the paper, the related biosynthesis genes and multifaceted biosynthesis pathways of these mycotoxins are first discussed in detail, and elucidated several global regulators, including growth conditions, oxidative stress, and cell signal. Furthermore, how global shifts in temperature and water availability, driven by climate change (including rising temperatures, increased heavy rainfall frequency, prolonged droughts, and elevated carbon dioxide levels), are key determinants of Aspergillus proliferation and mycotoxin production are explored. Finally, to safeguard animal and human health from the detrimental impacts of Aspergillus mycotoxins, the effective and convenient analytical techniques and management strategies for the detection and prevention of contamination are analyzed. Overall, this review provides effective detection techniques and promising solutions to the global contamination of food with Aspergillus mycotoxins, which is of great significance to ensuring food security and protecting people's lives and health.
Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 Converts Sorafenib Therapy to Neutrophil‐Mediated Lung Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xu‐Yan , Liao Yuan , Wang Rui‐Qi , Lu Yi‐Tong , Wang Ying‐Zhe , Xin Yu‐Qi , Kuang Dong‐Ming , Lao Xiang‐Ming , Xu Junying , Zhou Zhi‐Ling , Hu Kunhua
Published: February 2025

Rapid development of resistance to sorafenib and subsequent hyperprogression in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pose significant challenges, with the underlying mechanisms still largely unknown. Herein, sorafenib‐induced TRIB3 is identified as a liver‐specific determinant driving secondary resistance to sorafenib by facilitating the accumulation of protumorigenic neutrophils within tumors. Mechanistically, TRIB3, triggered by the sorafenib‐elicited ROS‐ER stress axis, operates in an NF‐κB‐dependent manner to upregulate CXCR1/2 ligands, subsequently promoting neutrophil recruitment into tumors. These enriched neutrophils enhance epithelial‐mesenchymal transition processes in malignant cells through the oncostatin M‐STAT3 pathway, thereby repurposing the therapeutic efficacy of sorafenib away from anti‐angiogenesis and toward lung metastasis. Clinically, elevated TRIB3 expression indicates inferior survival and unfavorable clinical efficacy of sorafenib in HCC patients. Correspondingly, strategies that either inhibiting TRIB3 upregulation or blocking its downstream signaling successfully augment the therapeutic efficacy of sorafenib and prevent sorafenib‐induced hyperprogression in vivo. The study thus identifies a pivotal mechanism of sorafenib resistance in HCC, centered on the TRIB3‐mediated recruitment of protumorigenic neutrophils and subsequent disease hyperprogression.
Accurately Models the Relationship Between Physical Response and Structure Using Kolmogorov–Arnold Network
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhu Changliang , Zhang Shuzhe , Xiang Changsheng , Gao Zhibin , Zhu Guimei , Sun Jun , Ding Xiangdong , Li Baowen , Shen Xiangying
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) in science is a key area of modern research. However, many current machine learning methods lack interpretability, making it difficult to grasp the physical mechanisms behind various phenomena, which hampers progress in related fields. This study focuses on the Poisson's ratio of a hexagonal lattice elastic network as it varies with structural deformation. By employing the Kolmogorov–Arnold Network (KAN), the transition of the network's Poisson's ratio from positive to negative as the hexagonal structural element shifts from a convex polygon to a concave polygon was accurately predicted. The KAN provides a clear mathematical framework that describes this transition, revealing the connection between the Poisson's ratio and the geometric properties of the hexagonal element, and accurately identifying the geometric parameters at which the Poisson's ratio equals zero. This work demonstrates the significant potential of the KAN network to clarify the mathematical relationships that underpin physical responses and structural behaviors.
The Toxicity of Lead and Lead‐Free Perovskite Precursors and Nanocrystals to Human Cells and Aquatic Organisms
Authors: Maietta Immacolata , Otero‐Martínez Clara , Fernández Sabela , Sánchez Laura , González‐Fernández África , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana , Simón‐Vázquez Rosana
Published: February 2025

Halide perovskites have emerged at the forefront of semiconductor materials for photovoltaic and light‐emitting devices. However, long‐term stability and toxicity are the major barriers to their commercialization. In particular, the toxicity of lead (Pb) and its environmental impact have prompted the exploration of lead‐free alternatives like tin (Sn) and bismuth (Bi). Herein, a cytotoxicity study of Pb‐based perovskite (CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3) and a lead‐free Cs2AgBiBr6 nanocrystals in lung and liver cell lines and in blood cells are reported, revealing that both Pb and Bi exhibit mitogenic effects and oxidative stress in liver cells, cytotoxicity in pulmonary cells and a dose‐dependent hemolytic effect, raising concerns about their potential pulmonary‐hepato‐hemotoxicity. The zebrafish embryo tests reveal SnBr2 displays a notably safer environmental impact profile at elevated concentrations, while Pb and Bi exhibit dose‐dependent toxicity. This study provides compelling evidence that Sn compounds demonstrate a safer toxicity profile in both human cells and aquatic organisms under the studied conditions, supporting their potential as a more environmentally friendly alternative. In contrast, Bi compounds exhibit a toxicity profile similar to Pb perovskites, warranting caution in its use as a substitute. These findings guide future research and regulatory efforts in the safety and sustainability of perovskite nanocrystals.
Dynamic Assembly of Microgels and Polymers at Non‐Aqueous Liquid/Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Guan Xin , Liu Yang , Li Lianwei , Kwok Man‐Hin , Ding Mingming , Jiang Hang , Ngai To
Published: February 2025

Particle assembly at liquid–liquid interfaces presents a promising bottom‐up strategy for creating supramolecular materials with advanced functionalities. However, the significantly lower interfacial tension observed in immiscible organic phases compared to traditional oil–water systems has hindered the effective adsorption and assembly of particles at oil–oil interfaces. In this work, a versatile and effective strategy is presented that utilizes the assembly and jamming of microgels and polymer ligands at non‐aqueous liquid–liquid interfaces to create non‐aqueous Pickering emulsions and reconfigurable droplet networks. The resulting microgel‐polymer complexes form an asymmetric interfacial bilayer with high surface coverage, which effectively minimizes interfacial energy and improves interfacial elasticity. Through a combination of systematic interfacial measurements and molecular dynamics simulations, the underlying mechanisms governing interfacial self‐assembly are elucidated. Notably, the stimuli‐responsive nature of the microgel‐polymer complexes allows for precise control over the interfacial assembly and disassembly by introducing competitive molecules. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that these non‐aqueous Pickering emulsions serve as excellent templates for the fabrication of heterogeneous organogels and microgel‐based colloidosomes through both covalent and non‐covalent crosslinking strategies. This work underscores the potential of non‐aqueous interfaces in advancing materials science and opens new avenues for developing multifunctional materials.
Copper‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Cyclization of CO2: A Promising Approach for Synthesis of Flavone
Authors: Huang Zijun , Dong Junyong , Liu Pengtao , Yin Yadi , Yi Bing , Fang Zhengjun , Jiang Xiaolin , Li Yuehui
Published: February 2025

Flavones are an important class of building blocks for numerous biologically active molecules, pharmaceuticals, and natural products. Reductive carbonylation of CO2 is a powerful method to provide high‐value heterocycles quickly. However, examples of transition metal‐catalyzed carbonylation to produce flavones using CO2 are quite scarce, and the related copper‐catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of CO2 is not reported. Here, a general procedure is developed for the copper‐catalyzed carbonylative C(sp3)‐H bond synthesis of flavone using CO2 as the C1 source. Additionally, 13C‐labeled flavones are successfully synthesized using [13C]‐CO2, demonstrating significant inhibitor activity against MCF‐7 cells in antitumor assays. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the phenolic group accelerates CO2 mass transfer by promoting nucleophilic addition to DBU‐CO2 complexes, followed by selective intramolecular carbonylative cyclization.
Sono‐Piezo Dynamic Therapy: Utilizing Piezoelectric Materials as Sonosensitizer for Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Chen Zhiguang , Sang Liang , Liu Yanjun , Bai ZhiQun
Published: February 2025

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) represents a promising approach for cancer treatment. Compared to photodynamic therapy, SDT offers increased penetration depth and higher precision. However, the practical application of SDT is constrained by the low water solubility, poor tumor specificity, and metabolic susceptibility of most sonosensitizers. Recent research has explored the use of piezoelectric materials as sonosensitizers in cancer treatment and inhibition of bacterial growth. Upon ultrasound excitation, the separation of electron–hole (e−–h+) pairs occurs within the piezoelectric material. By improving the crystal structure of the material or incorporating other nanoparticles to prevent rapid recombination of e−–h+ pairs, the piezoelectric material accumulates charges in the conduction band and valence band, achieving the redox potential of O2/·O2−. This enables the piezoelectric material to serve as a sonosensitizer, leading to the concept termed Sono‐Piezo Dynamic Therapy (SPDT). This review aims to define the concept of SPDT, provide a systematic overview of the historical development of piezoelectric materials in the application of SDT, and elucidate the potential mechanisms by which piezoelectric materials act as sonosensitizers. Importantly, various piezoelectric materials will be discussed in terms of their feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages as sonosensitizers, offering new perspectives for identifying potential sonosensitizers.
Getting Under the Sensor's Skin: The Importance of Electrical Contact Characterization for Conductive Composite Elastomers
Authors: Onsager Claire C. , Rovinsky Lev , Aygen Can C. , Cohen Shira K. , Lachman Noa , Grayson Matthew A.
Published: February 2025

Conductive elastomer composites can be used as flexible, lightweight, and inexpensive sensors, but they require ohmic electrical contacts to ensure readout consistency, and such contacts can suffer from hysteresis, non‐ohmic behavior, and cyclic fatigue. This work investigates a common cause of non‐ohmic conduction in such composite contacts, namely the thin insulating layer native to the surface of most silicone rubber composites that have been infused with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes for piezoresistive sensing. Voltage sweep dc measurements of individual contacts on this surface layer behave as parallel head‐to‐tail diodes with asymmetric hysteresis. Frequency sweep ac measurements quantify the insulator thickness with a leaky capacitor model to be ∼1 µm, independent of nanotube concentration, much thicker than the apparent layer thickness as imaged with scanning electron microscopy. This analysis also confirms highly anisotropic bulk conduction, circa 100 times higher in‐plane than cross‐plane. To remove the surface layer, a simple surface abrasion is shown to achieve deep ohmic electrical contact to the elastomer bulk. A three‐terminal method for verifying ohmic contacts is demonstrated and works even when all contacts are non‐ohmic. This three‐terminal method be easily applied to other conductive polymers for contact quality‐testing.