bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pyrite trace-element and sulfur isotope geochemistry of paleo-mesoproterozoic McArthur Basin: Proxy for oxidative weathering
Authors: Mukherjee Indrani , Large Ross R. , Bull Stuart , Gregory Daniel G. , Stepanov Aleksandr S. , Ávila Janaína , Ireland Trevor R. , Corkrey Ross
Published: June 2019

Redox-sensitive trace elements and sulfur isotope compositions obtained via in situ analyses of sedimentary pyrites from marine black shales are used to track atmosphere-ocean redox conditions between ∼1730 and ∼1360 Ma in the McArthur Basin, northern Australia. Three black shale formations within the basin (Wollogorang Formation 1730 ± 3 Ma, Barney Creek Formation 1640 ± 3 Ma, and Upper Velkerri Formation 1361 ± 21 Ma) display systematic stratigraphic variations in pyrite trace-element compositions obtained using LA-ICP-MS. The concentrations of several trace elements and their ratios, such as Se, Zn, Se/Co, Ni/Co, Zn/Co, Mo/Co, Se/Bi, Zn/Bi, Ni/Bi, increase from the stratigraphically lower Wollogorang Formation to the Upper Velkerri Formation. Cobalt, Bi, Mo, Cu, and Tl show a consistent decrease in abundance while Ni, As, and Pb show no obvious trends.

We interpret these trace element trends as a response to the gradual increase of oxygen in the atmosphere-ocean system from ∼1730 to 1360 Ma. Elements more mobile during erosion under rising atmospheric oxygen show an increase up stratigraphy (e.g., Zn, Se), whereas elements that are less mobile show a decrease (e.g., Co, Bi). We also propose the increase of elemental ratios (Se/Co, Ni/Co, Zn/Co, Mo/Co, Ni/Bi, and Zn/Bi) up stratigraphy are strong indicators of atmospheric oxygenation.

Sulfur isotopic compositions of marine pyrite (δ34Spyrite) from these formations, obtained using SHRIMP-SI, are highly variable, with the Wollogorang Formation exhibiting less variation (δ34S = –29.4 to +9.5‰; mean –5.03‰) in comparison to the Barney Creek (δ34S = –13.8 to +41.8‰; mean +19.88‰) and Velkerri Formations (δ34S = –14.2 to +52.8‰; mean +26.9‰). We propose that the shift in mean δ34S to heavier values up-section corresponds to increasing deep water oxygenation from ∼1730 to 1360 Ma. Incursion of oxygenated waters possibly caused a decrease in the areal extent of anoxic areas, at the same time, creating a possibly efficient reducing system. A stronger reducing system caused the δ34S of the sedimentary pyrites to become progressively heavier. Interestingly, heavy δ34S in pyrites overlaps with the increase in the concentration of certain trace elements (and their ratios) in sedimentary pyrites (Se, Zn, Se/Co, Ni/Co, Zn/Co, Mo/Co, Ni/Bi, and Zn/Bi). This study concludes that there was a gradual increase of atmospheric oxygen accompanied by ocean oxygenation through the first ∼400 million years of the Boring Billion (1800–1400 Ma) in the McArthur Basin.
Identification of the occurrence of minor elements in the structure of diatomaceous opal using FIB and TEM-EDS
Authors: Yuan Peng , Liu Dong , Zhou Junming , Tian Qian , Song Yaran , Wei Huihuang , Wang Shun , Zhou Jieyu , Deng Liangliang , Du Peixin
Published: June 2019

The occurrence of minor elements in the structure of biogenic diatomaceous opal-A is an important issue because it is closely related to biogeochemical processes driven by the precipitation, sedimentation, and storage of diatoms, as well as to the properties and applications of diatomite, which is the sedimentary rock composed of diatomaceous opal-A. However, to date, there is no direct microscopic evidence for the existence of minor elements, such as Al, Fe, and Mg, in the structure of diatomaceous opal-A, because such evidence requires observation of the internal structure of frustules to exclude the disturbance of impurity minerals, which is technically challenging using conventional techniques. In this work, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping analysis were performed on diatomaceous opal-A from three typical diatomite specimens that were pretreated using focused ion beam (FIB) thinning. This technique produces a slice of a diatom frustule for direct TEM observation of the internal structure of the diatomaceous opal-A. The results of this work clearly indicate that minor elements, such as Al, Fe, Ca, and Mg, conclusively exist within the siliceous framework of diatomaceous opal-A. The contents of these minor elements are at atomic ratio levels of 1 (minor element)/10 000 (Si) – 1/100, regardless of the genus of the diatoms. The occurrence of minor elements in the internal structure is likely through biological uptake during biosynthesis by living diatoms. Moreover, surface coatings composed of aluminosilicates on diatom frustules are common, and the contents of elements such as Al and Fe are tens or hundreds of times higher in the coatings than in the internal siliceous structure of diatomaceous opal-A. The discovery of the incorporation of the above-mentioned minor elements in the diatomaceous opal-A structure, both in the internal Si-O framework and on the surface, updates the knowledge about the properties of diatomite.
Microbiology, proximate and functional properties of flour produced from three different varieties of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Oladele Oluwole Olakunle , Makinde Oluwafunmilola Olajumoke
Published: June 2019

Microbiology, proximate and functional properties of flour produced from three different varieties (TMS 1371, TME 419 and TMS 92/0326) of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) were investigated in this research work. The flour was subjected to microbial, proximate and functional analyses. Microbial analysis was carried out using pour plate technique and the agar used were nutrient agar for bacteria count and isolation while malt extract agar was used for fungi count and isolation. Proximate and functional analyses were done using standard methods. Results obtained showed that bacterial count (cfu/mL) of each flour ranging from 5.33 x 10^1 (TME 419) to 7.67 x 10^1 (TMS 92/0326) was higher than the fungi count (sfu/mL) which ranged from 0.66 x 10^1 (TMS 92/0326) to 4.0 x 10^1 (TMS 1371). The bacteria identified were Lactobacillus sp. which were present in all the flours and Bacillus sp. which was only present in flour obtained from TME 419 and TMS 92/0326. The only fungus present in all the flour was Rhizopus sp. The proximate values of flour from TMS 1371 showed that the moisture content (11.44%), ash (1.11%), fat (6.93%) and crude protein (7.46%) were higher when compared with flour from TME 419 and TMS 92/036. However, carbohydrate (69.05%) and crude fibre (7.41%) were higher in TME 419 and TMS 92/036. Also, TMS 92/0326 flour was higher in dispensability (59.94 mL), swelling capacity (5.18%) and solubility index (9.26) while bulk density (10/25.20 g/mL) was higher in TMS 1371. Despite variations in values, results from this study showed that the proximate and functional properties of flour obtained from each variety still conformed to the minimum requirements of high quality cassava flour.
The epidemiological profile of malaria in a municipality in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Fernandes Raquel Alves , Leite and Daniela Soares
Published: June 2019

Malaria is a tropical disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium (Aconoidasida: Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae). The Brazilian Amazon is the area with the highest risk of malaria transmission in the country. The aim of this study was to trace the epidemiological profile of malaria patients between 2010 and 2015, in the Municipality of Marabá, State of Pará, North Brazil. Secondary data were used, of Sivep-malaria of the Municipal Health Department of the municipality. The variables analyzed were the incidence autochthonous or imported cases, genus, species of the causative parasite infection during pregnancy and parasitic annual index. Data analysis used the Chi-Square Test, in the Biostat 5.0. The annual parasitic index (IPA) of malaria cases in Marabá in 2010 was 3.7, followed by the year of 2011 with 2.7, from the year 2012 the IPA drops sharply to 0.68, followed by the years 2013, 2014 and 2015, which presented an IPA of 0.1, 0.07 and 0.01 respectively. Data on the contamination site revealed that 51% of the cases in the period studied were of imported origin and 49% were autochthonous, and there was no significant statistical difference between the years. Males were the most affected by the disease (67%). The most common parasitic species was Plasmodium vivax. Malaria cases have been reduced over the years, and this is due to several factors, such as better access to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, to the control of the vectors, and to the constant work of epidemiological surveillance, although underreporting is still a great problem in the measurement of the actual numbers of cases.
Determinants of financing decision: empirical evidence on manufacturing firms in Indonesia
Authors: Sutomo Sutomo , Wahyudi Sugeng , Rini Demi Pangestuti Irene , Muharam Harjum
Published: June 2019

This study aims to contribute to the emergence of the literature focusing on exploring the factors influencing the financing decision, as well as examining the relationship between the firm size, profitability and firm growth towards the corporate debt. Questions such as how relevant firm size, profitability and firm growth to debt are, quantitatively, had not been fully answered in the business literature. The purpose of this study is to fill this large gap by examining the role of the firm size, profitability, investment and firm growth for the corporate debt. This study tries to examine the determinants of debt in the financial literature which include size, growth, business risk, and profitability in accordance with the capital structure theory, in manufacturing firms in Indonesia. The sample contained financial data from 150 firms for the period 2012–2017. The results showed that the manufacturing firms in Indonesia had high debt levels, especially the size, profitability, firm growth and profitability had proven to be the debt determinants, which also confirmed the Pecking Order Theory. This study also found that the management preference of manufacturing firms in Indonesia for risk was the risk-seeker or risk-neutral ones. This finding implies that the choice of funding sources originating from debt still provided greater returns compared to the capital cost needed due to business uncertainties.
El cuidado de la obra de arte y la Phantasía: Una lectura complementaria entre Husserl y Heidegger.
Authors: Luna Bravo José Luis
Published: June 2019

En su ensayo sobre “El origen de la obra de arte” Heidegger se ocupa de dos dimensiones fundamentales de la obra, por un lado, su estar-en-sí-misma, y por otro lado su sercreación. A pesar de que el ser-creación de la obra no se refiere exclusivamente a la función que cumplen los creadores, sino que le pertenece con igual carga esencial a la labor de los cuidadores [Bewahrenden], estos últimos quedan poco explorados. El presente artículo profundiza precisamente la dimensión del cuidado de la obra. A partir de la exposición de las ideas más relevantes que Heidegger desarrolla al respecto, se plantea a la Phantasía –tomando en cuenta las descripciones de Husserl– como el modo fundamental en el que el cuidador lleva a cabo el cuidado de la obra.
Drinking water quality and human dimensions of cholera patients to inform evidence-based prevention investment in Karonga District, Malawi
Authors: Kaponda Prince , Muthukrishnan Suresh , Barber Rory , Holm Rochelle H.
Published: June 2019

Cholera remains a problem in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in Malawi. Our aim was to investigate drinking water source quality compared with water treatment, risk perception and cholera knowledge for patients who had reported to a health center for treatment in the 2017–2018 outbreak in Karonga District, Malawi. The study analyzed 120 drinking water samples linked to 236 cholera patients. Nearly 82% of the samples met the national criteria for thermotolerant coliforms of 50 cfu/100 ml, while 50% met the more stringent World Health Organization criteria of 0 cfu/100 ml. In terms of the human dimensions, 68% of survey respondents reported that they treated their water, while knowledge of prevention, transmission and treatment of cholera was also generally high. However, of the 32 patients whose drinking water sources had thermotolerant coliforms of 200+ cfu/100 ml, seven reported they felt a low or no personal risk for contracting cholera in the future and their community was extremely well prepared for another outbreak. The cost of a reactive response to cholera outbreaks puts a burden on Malawi, providing an opportunity for investment in innovative and localized preventive strategies to control and eliminate the risk of cholera while acknowledging social and cultural norms.
Use of a Smart Watch for Early Detection of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Inui Tomohiko , Kohno Hiroki , Kawasaki Yohei , Matsuura Kaoru , Ueda Hideki , Tamura Yusaku , Watanabe Michiko , Inage Yuichi , Yakita Yasunori , Wakabayashi Yutaka , Matsumiya Goro
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Wearable devices with photoplethysmography (PPG) technology can be useful for detecting paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), which often goes uncaptured despite being a leading cause of stroke.

OBJECTIVE

This study is the first part of a 2-phase study that aimed at developing a method for immediate detection of paroxysmal AF using PPG-integrated wearable devices. In this study, the diagnostic performance of 2 major smart watches, Apple Watch Series 3 and Fitbit (FBT) Charge HR Wireless Activity Wristband, each equipped with a PPG sensor, was compared, and the pulse rate data outputted from those devices were analyzed for precision and accuracy in reference to the heart rate data from electrocardiography (ECG) during AF.

METHODS

A total of 40 subjects from patients who underwent cardiac surgery at a single center between September 2017 and March 2018 were monitored for postoperative AF using telemetric ECG and PPG devices. AF was diagnosed using a 12-lead ECG by qualified physicians. Each subject was given a pair of smart watches, Apple Watch and FBT, for simultaneous pulse rate monitoring. The heart rate of all subjects was also recorded on the telemetry system. Time series pulse rate trends and heart rate trends were created and analyzed for trend pattern similarities. Those trend data were then used to determine the accuracy of PPG-based pulse rate measurements in reference to ECG-based heart rate measurements during AF.

RESULTS

Of the 20 AF events in group FBT, 6 (30%) showed a moderate or higher correlation (cross-correlation function>0.40) between pulse rate trend patterns and heart rate trend patterns. Of the 16 AF events in group Apple Watch (workout [W] mode), 12 (75%) showed a moderate or higher correlation between the 2 trend patterns. Linear regression analyses also showed a significant correlation between the pulse rates and the heart rates during AF in the subjects with Apple Watch. This correlation was not observed with FBT. The regression formula for Apple Watch W mode and FBT was X=14.203 + 0.841Y and X=58.225 + 0.228Y, respectively (where X denotes the mean of all average pulse rates during AF and Y denotes the mean of all corresponding average heart rates during AF), and the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.685 and 0.057, respectively (P<.001 and .29, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

In this validation study, the detection precision of AF and measurement accuracy during AF were both better with Apple Watch W mode than with FBT.
Queerying the Queer: A Puritan Christian’s Reading of Queered Sexualities and Identities in Selected African and African-American Queer Novels
Authors: Emmanuel Ima Usen , Etim Eyoh
Published: June 2019

This paper undertakes to read the queered sexualities and identities in Toni Morrison’s Beloved, The Bluest Eye, Damon Galgut’sIn a Strange Room and Sello Duicker’s Thirteen Cents from the critical lenses of a puritan Christian. The study, thus, deploys the Reader-Response and Queer theories as its theoretical frameworks. The study is motivated by the growing ideological spaces allotted to African queer studies; and aims to join the discussion by offering a puritan’s angle to the African queer arguments. Among the specific LGBTQ identities and sexualities interrogated in the paper include bestiality/zoophillia, phytophilliac or dendraphilliac, Spectorphilli, incest, rape/molestation, masturbation, polyamorous relationship, homoerotic, homosocial, and heterosexuality. These identities and sexualities are read or interpreted based on laid down Bible principles not necessarily to generate homophobic sentiments but rather to query the moral and didactic underpinnings of these practices in the light of societal mores, stability and progress of the human race, as problematised in the selected texts. The reading reveals that certain queer practices run counter to extant Bible precepts and do not make for a harmonious world order as they are seen to be products of dysfunctional societal institutions. Thus, they are predicated on exploitation, oppression, destruction and unequal, unbalanced and unnatural relationships.
ENANTIOMETRIC SEPARATION OF SITAGLIPTIN IN A FIXED DOSE COMBINATION FORMULA OF SITAGLIPTIN AND METFORMIN BY A CHIRAL LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD
Authors: Jaishetty Nagadeep , PALANISAMY KAMARAJ , MARUTHAPILLAI ARTHANAREESWARI
Published: June 2019

Objective: Sitagliptin phosphate and metformin hydrochloride tablet is an FDA approved combination product for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. There are no reported evidence for estimation of undesired (S)-sitagliptin in a combination product. The objective of this study was to develop a high sensitive liquid chromatography method for the determination of (S)-enantiomer of sitagliptin phosphate in a fixed dose combination formula of metformin and sitagliptin.

Methods: The proposed novel high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method uses programmed gradient elution of a mixture of ethanol-diethylamine(DEA) 100:0.1 (v/v) as mobile phase-A and a mixture of methanol-water 60:40 (v/v) as mobile phase-B. The chromatographic conditions were designed to nullify the metformin interference and in which sitagliptin enantiomers elute first and followed by metformin. A satisfactory resolution (≥2.5) between (S)-sitagliptin and active form (R)-sitagliptin was achieved with gradient elution on Chiralpak IA column (5μm, 4 × 250 mm) at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min and the detector wavelength set at 265 nm. The injection volume set as 10 µl. The developed method has been validated as per the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines.

Results: The proposed HPLC method for determination of (S)-sitagliptin, showed good linearity in the concentration range of 0.5 µg/ml to 13.6 µg/ml and capable to quantify accurately up to the lowest level (LOQ) of 0.017%. The validated method was successfully applied to quantify the (S)-sitagliptin for different marketed formulations of sitagliptin with metformin and sitagliptin alone, and the corresponding recovery values were found to be in the range of 95.1% to 98.4%.

Conclusion: The proposed validated HPLC method was found to be suitable for the quantitative determination of (S)-sitagliptin in the formulations of sitagliptin with metformin and sitagliptin alone.
EVALUATION HYPOLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF AROGYAVARDHINI AND ZPTER TABLET IN CHOLESTEROL-RICH HIGH FAT DIET (HFD) INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: Ghadigaonkar Dinesh D. , CHAWDA MUKESH B. , THAKUR KAPIL S. , KUSHWAH PAWAN K.
Published: June 2019

Objective: The present research work aims to evaluate the hypolipidemic activity of arogyavardhini and zpter tablet in high fat diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemia in wistar rats.

Methods: Wistar rats were divided in 5 groups. The normal control group received standard pellet diet. The HFD group received HFD rich in cholesterol. The HFD+Arogyavardhini group received HFD rich in cholesterol along with Arogyavardhini treatment. The HFD+zpter group received HFD rich in cholesterol along with zpter treatment. The standard Control group received HFD rich in cholesterol and treatment with Atorvastatin. Serum Lipid profile estimation and histopathological estimations done at end treatment. Group means were compared with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey‘s post-hoc analysis (P<0.05).

Result: HFD group shows significant (P<0.05) increase in total cholesterol (TC) levels (207.15 mg/dl) and triglyceride (TG) levels (223.83 mg/dl) when compared with standard pellet fed rats (TC=151.05 mg/dl and TG=164.67 mg/dl). Treatment with Arogyavardhini significantly (P<0.05) reduces the increased levels of TC (160.123 mg/dl) and TG (189.5 mg/dl) in hyperlipedimic rats. Treatment with Zpter significantly (P<0.05) reduces the increased levels of TC (163.89 mg/dl) and TG (193.167 mg/dl) in hyperlipedimic rats, which is comparable to standard treatment atorvastatin (TC= 155.81 mg/dl, TG=180.33 mg/dl).

Conclusion: The observations in this study suggest that, herbal formulations arogyavardhini and zpter have the potential to overcome hyperlipidemia.
DURATION DEPENDENT ANTIAPOPTOTIC EFFICACY OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS (GREEN TEA) ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETES LINKED TESTICULAR HYPOFUNCTION IN ALBINO RAT: GENOMIC AND FLOW CYTOMETRIC ASSESSMENT
Authors: DAS BARNALI , BISWAS BAISAKHI , Ghosh Debidas
Published: June 2019

Objective: The study has been conducted to search out the threshold duration of treatment of ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic extract of leaves of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for the management of diabetes-induced testicular impairment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat in a duration dependent fashion.

Methods: In this respect, the glycemic, androgenic, oxidative stress sensors, gene expression of testicular androgenic key enzymes along with apoptotic markers were evaluated in a duration dependent way (14, 28 and 56 d).

Results: A significant correction was noted in the levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), testicular thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated diene (CD), sperm viability, sperm mitochondrial status, serum testosterone, and genomic expression of testicular Δ5, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 17β-HSD, Bax, Bcl-2 after treatment for different duration with the said fraction in diabetic groups in compare to respective vehicle-treated diabetic group without any toxicity induction in general. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) study of the fraction showed two spots with retention factors (Rf) of 0.78 and 0.51.

Conclusion: The results showed that 28 d treatment was threshold duration of treatment for the correction of diabetes-induced testicular impairment.
GC-MS ANALYSIS, HPTLC FINGERPRINT PROFILE AND DPPH FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ASSAY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF MARTYNIA ANNUA LINN SEEDS
Authors: Farooqui Mazahar N , Alrabie Ali , Basaꞌar Ola , Al-Qadsy Inas
Published: June 2019

Objective: To investigate the photochemical constituents present in methanol extract of martynia annua seeds using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy(GC-MS), High-Performance Thin–Layer Chromatography(HPTLC) analysis and study antioxidant activity.

Methods: Methanol extract of Martynia annua seeds were subjected to GC-MS and HPTLC analysis. HPTLC analysis was carried out using GAMAG system with a linomate5 applicator, system mobile phase (Toluene: Chloroform: Ethanol (4:4:1 V/V/V)), two different volume of extract was applied 2 µl and 5 µl. GC-MS analysis was carried out on JEOL GC MATE ΙΙ, column HP 5 MS and Quadruple double focusing mass analyzer. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay.

Results: GC-MS analysis provided 17 peaks indicating the presence of seventeen different phytochemicals in methanol extract of martynia annua seeds. HPTLC fingerprint showed 6 peaks at both size 2 µl and 5 µl at 254 nm whereas 4 peaks, 9 peaks were detected at 366 nm for 2 µl and 5 µl respectively. After derivatization with 10 % methanolic sulphuric acid, 8 peaks, 11 peaks were detected for 2 µl and 5 µl respectively when the derivatized plate was scanned at 540 nm. DPPH free radical scavenging result showed EC50 value of 44.1±1.1 µg/ml.

Conclusion: The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of fatty acids, ester, aldehydes and ketones whereas in HPTLC different peaks at different UV-lights before and after derivatization were observed. Maximum percentage inhibition using DPPH assay was found 74 at concentration of 50 µg/ml.
NOVEL ORAL DELIVERY OF IBUPROFEN SOLUTION IN HARD GELATIN CAPSULES
Authors: Jalundhwala Forum Janak , Londhe Vaishali , Bhat Jnanadeva , Singh Surya
Published: June 2019

Objective: The primary objective of the project was to formulate and evaluate hard capsule containing the solution of ibuprofen. It also included enhancement of solubility of ibuprofen in hydrophilic solvents to obtain a unit dose capsule acceptable for human consumption.

Methods: Solution of ibuprofen was developed by the salt formation of partial drug using potassium hydroxide in PEG 600 and water. The solution was encapsulated in hard capsules with band sealing. The final formulation was evaluated for uniformity of weight, disintegration, drug content and stability. The dissolution profile was compared with that of available marketed tablets and softgels.

Results: The capsules were evaluated and found compliant as per specifications mentioned in general monograph of capsules in IP 2014. The uniformity of weight of the batch of capsules was found to be 734.8 mg (±0.58). The disintegration time of these capsules was observed to be 4.45 min. The drug content was found to be 100.03% and the product is stable over three months of test period under room temperature as well as accelerated conditions. The dissolution profile showed that softgels take longer time to release the drug whereas marketed tablets showed a dissolution profile comparable with that of formulated capsules.

Conclusion: The developed capsule is a unit dose of liquid containing solubilized ibuprofen delivering the drug directly into the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These are newer solid oral dosage forms with higher patient compliance and ease in manufacturing. They require lesser steps and manufacturing area when compared to the manufacturing of compressed tablets.
La administración de los derechos de autor en las revistas portuguesas, españolas y mexicanas de historia a través de sus modelos e instrumentos
Authors: Guerra González Jenny Teresita
Published: June 2019

Se describen y analizan los modelos e instrumentos mediante los cuales se administran los derechos de autor en las revistas portuguesas, españolas y mexicanas de historia. A través de una metodología cuantitativa, consistente en la revisión de los portales web y los contenidos del último número de una población de 46 publicaciones de esta disciplina, se encontró que: 1) España es el país que concentra la mayor cantidad de estas revistas; 2) 21.73 % de las revistas analizadas tienen como modelo de administración de derechos los derechos de autor –también conocido como todos los derechos reservados–; 36.95 % emplean el licenciamiento Creative Commons o alguna variante del copyleft; 34.78 % usan los derechos de autor y el licenciamiento de manera conjunta, y 6.52 % no especifica en ningún apartado de su interfaz en línea o contenido el modelo con que gestiona los derechos de autor. De los siete instrumentos de administración de derechos de autor recomendados para la correcta gestión de los mismos, los tres más utilizados fueron el apartado específico de derechos de autor, el cintillo legal en la página de inicio y la declaración del tipo de acuerdo legal con el que operan en las instrucciones para autores.
Da conciliação trabalhista à resistência brizolista: o Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) na região Oeste de Santa Catarina (1950-1965)
Authors: Silva Claiton Marcio da , Rigo Carla Aparecida
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o surgimento da influência de Leonel de Moura Brizola na política de Chapecó/SC entre 1950 e 1965. Neste sentido, este artigo aborda o período compreendido entre o surgimento do Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) e sua atuação conciliadora ao longo da década de 1950, até o crescimento da influência de Brizola em nível nacional enquanto um dos símbolos da resistência política através da “Campanha da Legalidade” e a criação do “Grupo dos Onze Companheiros”. A violência – física ou simbólica – é o fio condutor desta narrativa, argumentando como a história política local foi permeada pela perseguição aos grupos trabalhistas – também considerados “comunistas” por parte de grupos conservadores. Se em 1950 a influência conciliadora de Getúlio Vargas (pós-Estado Novo) ou de Alberto Pasqualini forneceu a linha do partido, ao final daquela década, uma nova geração de jovens na região Oeste de Santa Catarina adentrou na vida política tendo Brizola – e seus “admiráveis discursos”, que alcançavam a região através da rádio – como referência.
Guerra Fria: uma arqueologia do conceito (e sua atualidade) a partir do ocidente
Authors: Arraes Marcos Alexandre
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo procura revisitar o conceito de Guerra Fria, partindo dos eventos que foram sua condição de possibilidade, para demonstrar os embates políticos e culturais que fundaram uma imagem consolidada do Ocidente em oposição a um outro inferior e ameaçador. Objetivo, assim, ao desvelar a alteridade aqui analisada, contribuir para a compreensão da história do tempo presente, especialmente da contemporaneidade da História do Brasil, onde opostos maniqueístas assentaramse de forma bastante evidente e perigosa. A relação temporal entre esses eventos, contudo, parece evidente e fica a cargo do próprio conceito de Guerra Fria e seus efeitos político-sociais.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Penicillium sp. lectins
Authors: Singh Ram , Walia Amandeep
Published: June 2019

Lectins are a diverse group of proteins of non-immune origin that interact specifically with glycans. Owing to their specificity, they can mediate various cellular and molecular recognition processes. To explore information on biological activities of lectins from Penicillium duclauxii, P. proteolyticum and P. griseoroseum, they were investigated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Penicillium sp. lectins exhibited moderate antioxidant activity. P. duclauxii, P. proteolyticum and P. griseoroseum lectins inhibited DPPH with an IC50 value of 71.42, 75.04 and 82.11 ?g/mL, respectively. P. duclauxii, P. proteolyticum and P. griseoroseum lectins inhibited the hydrogen peroxide radical with IC50 values of 198.57, 209.76 and 215.31 ?g/mL, respectively. P. duclauxii and P. proteolyticum lectins exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. P. griseoroseum lectin inhibited only Gram-positive bacteria. Penicillium sp. lectins did not exhibit antifungal activity. The biological potential of Penicillium sp. lectins will help to understand their biomedical applications. This is the first report on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of purified lectins from Penicillium sp.
Non-Darcian effect on double-diffusive natural convection inside aninclined square Dupuit-Darcy porous cavity under a magnetic field
Authors: Rebhi Redha , Hadidi Noureddine , Bennacer Rachid
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a numerical study of a double diffusive convection in an inclined square porous cavity filled with an electrically conducting binary mixture. The upper and bottom walls are maintained at a constant temperatures and concentrations whereas the left and right walls are assumed to be adiabatic and impermeable. A uniform and tilted magnetic field is applied at an angle, ?, about the horizontal, it is obvious that this is related to the orientation of the magnetic force that can help or oppose the buoyant force. The Dupuit-Darcy flow model, which includes effects of the inertial parameter, with the Boussinesq approximation, energy, and species transport equations are solved numerically using the classical finite difference method. Governing parameters of the problem under study are the thermal Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, Lewis number, the buoyancy ratio, inclination angle, and tilting angle of the magnetic field. The numerical results are reported on the contours of streamline, temperature, and concentration and for the average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for various parametric conditions. It is demonstrated that both the inertial effect parameter and the magnetic field, have a strong influence on the strength of the natural convection heat and mass transfer within the porous layer.
1013-P: Effect of Upper Gastrointestinal Disease on the Pharmacokinetics of Oral Semaglutide in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: MEIER JURIS J. , GRANHALL CHARLOTTE , HOEVELMANN ULRIKE , NAVARRIA ANDREA , PLUM-MOERSCHEL LEONA , RAMESH CHETHANA , TANNAPFEL ANDREA , KAPITZA CHRISTOPH
Published: June 2019

The GLP-1 analog semaglutide has been co-formulated with the absorption enhancer sodium N-(8-[2-hydroxybenzoyl] amino) caprylate (SNAC) to allow oral administration. Since oral semaglutide is absorbed in the stomach, the effect of upper gastrointestinal disease (UGD) on exposure to oral semaglutide has been investigated in an open-label, parallel-group trial (NCT02877355). Subjects aged 18-80 years with T2D and with UGD (N=36; chronic gastritis [n=5], gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD; n=8] or both [n=23]) or without UGD (N=19) received oral semaglutide 3 mg once-daily for 5 days followed by 7 mg for 5 days. Key endpoints were area under the semaglutide plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) (primary) and maximum semaglutide plasma concentration (Cmax) from 0-24 h after the 10th dose. Semaglutide exposure was not statistically significantly different in subjects with vs. without UGD (Figure; estimated group ratios with/without UGD [95% CI] AUC: 1.18 [0.80; 1.75]and Cmax: 1.16 [0.77; 1.76]). Time to maximum plasma concentration and half-life of semaglutide were similar in subjects with vs. without UGD. Oral semaglutide was well tolerated. All adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate with no withdrawals due to AEs.

In conclusion, no significant difference in exposure to oral semaglutide in subjects with vs. without UGD was found; hence, no dose adjustment is expected to be required.

Disclosure

J.J. Meier: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. C. Granhall: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. U. Hoevelmann: None. A. Navarria: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Novo Nordisk A/S. L. Plum-Moerschel: None. C. Ramesh: None. A. Tannapfel: None. C. Kapitza: Research Support; Self; ADOCIA, Biocon, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Dance Biopharm Holdings Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Mylan, Nestlé, Nordic Bioscience, Novo Nordisk A/S, Poxel SA, Sanofi-Aventis, Wockhardt, Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Zealand Pharma A/S.

Funding

Novo Nordisk A/S
1021-P: Liraglutide Improves Periodontitis by the Anti-inflammatory Activities of GLP-1
Authors: SAWADA NORITAKA , NARUSE KEIKO , MATSUBARA TATSUAKI , NAKAMURA NOBUHISA , MIYABE MEGUMI , ITO MIZUHO , SUZUKI YUKI , ADACHI KEI , KOBAYASHI SHUICHIRO , KIKUCHI TAKESHI , MITANI AKIO , TORIUMI TAKU , MIZUTANI MAKOTO , HONDA MASAKI
Published: June 2019

Periodontal disease which consists of gingivitis and periodontitis is one of the diabetic complications due to the high prevalence and the severity. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation by the infection of Gram-negative bacteria in the periodontal pocket, following the destruction of periodontal tissue. On the other hand, many researches have shown extrapancreatic functions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), including the anti-inflammatory action and the suppression of indirectly bone resorption. In this study, we focused on the therapeutic effects of GLP-1 on periodontitis. Experimental periodontitis was induced by placing a nylon thread ligatureat the cervical portion of the maxillary second molar in Sprague-Dawley rats. Half of the rats were administered GLP-1 receptor agonist, Liraglutide (0.4mg/kg/day). Two weeks after the ligation, periodontitis was evaluated by histological examinations (H-E staining and the immunostaining) and mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines. Alveolar bone loss was evaluated by the distance at maximal bone resorption site from cement-enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest, and the bone micro-architecture parameters, using micro-CT and analytical software. We also investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 on monocytes using THP-1 cells. The mRNA expressions of TNF-α, iNOS and Mac1 in gingiva and alveolar bone resorption were significantly increased in the periodontitis rats. Liraglutide significantly suppressed the periodontitis-related inflammatory cytokine expressions and alveolar bone resorption. The part of the bone micro-architecture parameters in periodontitis rats deteriorate, which was not affected by Liraglutide. In vitro study revealed that GLP-1 significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α mRNA expression in THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

In conclusion, GLP-1 may be effective in the treatment of periodontal disease mainly through the suppression of gingival inflammation.

Disclosure

N. Sawada: None. K. Naruse: None. T. Matsubara: None. N. Nakamura: None. M. Miyabe: None. M. Ito: None. Y. Suzuki: None. K. Adachi: None. S. Kobayashi: None. T. Kikuchi: None. A. Mitani: None. T. Toriumi: None. M. Mizutani: None. M. Honda: None.
103-LB: Intergenerational Improvements of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in Youth
Authors: PUHR SARAH , CALHOUN PETER , WELSH JOHN , WALKER TOMAS C. , PRICE DAVID A.
Published: June 2019

Standard methods and metrics to describe the accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems in children and adolescents are subject to change. We reanalyzed data from youth ages 6-17 from clinical trials evaluating G4 PLATINUM (NCT01667185), G5 Mobile (NCT02280577), and G6 (NCT02880267) CGM systems (all from Dexcom, Inc., San Diego, CA). Subjects participated in 1-2 clinic sessions of varying duration, depending on their age, throughout the 7-day wear of G4 and G5 and 10-day wear of G6 for comparison of CGM values with temporally matched YSI measurements. Reference measurements were obtained every 15±5 minutes and paired with the CGM measurement that immediately followed (within 5 minutes). Percent accuracy was defined as the proportion of CGM values within ±20% of paired YSI values for CGM values >100 mg/dL or within ±20 mg/dL of paired YSI values for CGM values ≤100 mg/dL. Accuracy was also evaluated using the mean absolute difference (MAD) and mean absolute relative difference (MARD) between CGM and YSI pairs, as well as the proportion of pairs in Clarke Error Grid (CEG) Zone A. Accuracy improved dramatically from G4 to G6, regardless of the metric evaluated (Table). Improved device performance may drive increased uptake and adherence, especially among children and adolescents.

Disclosure

S. Puhr: Employee; Self; Dexcom, Inc. P. Calhoun: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Dexcom, Inc. J. Welsh: Employee; Self; Dexcom, Inc. T.C. Walker: Employee; Self; Dexcom, Inc. D.A. Price: Employee; Self; Dexcom, Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Johnson & Johnson.
104-LB: Post-Market Surveillance of 18 Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems’ Accuracy Based on ISO 15197:2013
Authors: PLEUS STEFAN , BAUMSTARK ANNETTE , JENDRIKE NINA R. , MENDE JOCHEN , HAUG CORNELIA , FRECKMANN GUIDO
Published: June 2019

High quality blood glucose monitoring systems are required for adequate self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). In this study, system accuracy of 18 current-generation SMBG systems from different manufacturers was evaluated based on the international standard ISO 15197:2013 with 1 lot each against 2 comparison methods. Manufacturers were selected by their respective market share in Europe.

Each lot was tested on 100 capillary blood samples from different subjects and compliance with accuracy criterion A stipulated in ISO 15197 (at least 95% of results within ±15% or ±15 mg/dL of the comparison method’s results for BG concentrations above or below 100 mg/dL, respectively) was assessed. Glucose oxidase (GOD) and hexokinase (HK) were used as comparison methods (GOD: YSI 2300 STAT Plus, YSI Incorporated, OH, U.S.A.; HK: Cobas Integra® 400 plus, Roche Instrument Center, Switzerland).

In total, 14 of 18 systems had ≥95% of results within ±15% or ±15 mg/dL of the result obtained with the respective manufacturer’s measurement method. Individual systems showed 89 to 100% of results within these limits. Results within ±10% or ±10 mg/dL of the respective comparison method results ranged from 71 to 99.5% with 3 systems showing ≥95% of results within these more stringent limits.

In this evaluation, 14 out of 18 systems met the minimum system accuracy criterion A of ISO 15197 with the tested lot. Although only current-generation systems available on the market were used, more than 20% of systems did not meet ISO 15197 accuracy criteria.

Disclosure

S. Pleus: None. A. Baumstark: None. N.R. Jendrike: None. J. Mende: None. C. Haug: None. G. Freckmann: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, Novo Nordisk Pharma GmbH, Sensile Medical AG. Consultant; Self; Metronom Health Europe, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Dexcom, Inc., Ypsomed AG.

Funding

AgaMatrix Europe Limited; Ascensia Diabetes Care GmbH; Beurer GmbH: i-SENS GmbH; LifeScan Scotland Limited; Roche Diabetes Care GmbH
104-OR: Glucoregulatory Effects of Hypothalamic Glucocorticoid Action In Vivo
Authors: BEAULIEU-BAYNE EMILIE , CARDOSO MIGUEL , KIM HYEJUN , YANG SHULING , YUE JESSICA T.
Published: June 2019

Diabetes is characterized by dysregulated glucose homeostasis that leads to hyperglycemia, due in part to increased hepatic glucose production (GP) and insulin resistance. Excessive levels and/or action of glucocorticoids (GCs) are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. We aim to delineate a mechanism of GC action in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) that modulates GP in normal and pre-obese rodents.

Male SD rats underwent stereotaxic MBH bilateral cannulation and intravenous (iv) and intraarterial catheterization to enable simultaneous direct infusions into the MBH, iv infusions, and blood sampling, respectively. Mildly hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with tracer dilution methodology combined with MBH GC infusion ± GC receptor (GR) inhibition enables measurement of GP and utilization while assessing MBH GC interaction with its MBH receptors independent of changes in plasma insulin, glucagon, and glucose levels.

MBH GC infusion potently stimulates GP and lowers the requirement for exogenous glucose infusion without altering glucose utilization. This effect is mediated via GRs since co-infusion of GR antagonist mifepristone, or a HSP90 inhibitor, negates the ability of MBH GCs to increase GP. MBH GCs similarly increased glucose excursions during iv glucose tolerance tests, which was reversed with concomitant MBH mifepristone infusion. Rats fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 3 days had altered glucose kinetics and increased basal plasma corticosterone, insulin, and blood glucose levels without changes in body weight. Chronic MBH GR inhibition with MBH GR shRNA lowered GP compared to MBH mismatch control HFD rats with MBH vehicle infusions, suggesting that blocking excessive MBH GC action resulting from HFD-feeding attenuates GP to improve glucose homeostasis.

We provide novel evidence that MBH GC action modulates GP in healthy and pre-obese rats. Importantly, targeted inhibition of MBH GC action may help improve glucose regulation in obesity-related metabolic disease.

Disclosure

E. Beaulieu-Bayne: None. M. Cardoso: None. H. Kim: None. S. Yang: None. J.T. Yue: None.

Funding

Diabetes Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute; Canadian Institutes of Health Research
1064-P: Use of Temporary Target during the MiniMed™ 670G System Pivotal Trials
Authors: SHIN JOHN , CHEN XIAOXIAO , CORDERO TONI L. , LEE SCOTT W. , KAUFMAN FRANCINE R.
Published: June 2019

Background: The MiniMed™ 670G system targets glucose levels to 120mg/dL (6.7mmol/L) and has a temporary target (TT) of 150mg/dL (8.3mmol/L) that can be set from 2-12 hours. An exploratory analysis of glycemic outcomes and TT use during the 3-month MiniMed™ 670G system pivotal trials was conducted.

Methods: Data from 151 children (n=46, 2-6 years and n=105, 7-13 years) and 124 adolescents and adults (n=30, 14-21 years and n=94, 22-75 years) during 2-week Manual Mode use (run-in), followed by 3-month Auto Mode use (study), were analyzed by percentage of TT use.

Results: The median (IQR) of TT use for those 2-6 years was 4.1% (0.6-16.3%); for 7-13 years was 0.4% (0-2.1%) and ≥14 years was 0.4% (0-1.2%). Glycemic outcomes for the 2-6 years are shown by percentage of TT use (<4% or ≥4%). A trend in baseline data show that the ≥4% group had less hypoglycemia (3.0% vs. 4.3%) and more hyperglycemia (44.9% vs. 36.8%), suggesting preemptive hypoglycemia avoidance.

Conclusions: Improved glycemia was observed in the 2-6 years group regardless of TT use during study phase, compared to baseline run-in. The higher glucose target was used more often in the youngest cohort, suggesting the TT feature is important for young children with T1D using automated insulin delivery.

Disclosure

J. Shin: Employee; Self; Medtronic. X. Chen: None. T.L. Cordero: Employee; Self; Medtronic. S.W. Lee: Employee; Self; Medtronic. F.R. Kaufman: Employee; Self; Medtronic.
1065-P: The Effect of a Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery System on Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: KOUTSOVASILIS ANASTASIOS , SOTIROPOULOS ALEXIOS , ANTONIOU ANASTASIA , KORDINAS VASILIOS , PAPADAKI DESPINA , PEPPAS THEODOROS
Published: June 2019

Background: Using a software, which creates a closed loop between the pump and the monitoring glucose sensor is considered to be a progress in controlling and using insulin pumps in type 1 diabetes patients (T1DM). OpenAPS is a system which completes and closes the pump-glucose sensor loop.

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of an independent closed-loop insulin system using the OpenAPS system on the glycemic control of T1DM patients.

Material and Methods: 24 T1DM patients with insulin pump were included in the study. 11 started using the OpenAPS closed-loop system and 13 continued using an insulin pump without OpenAPS. The effect on glycemic control (HbA1c, Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), pre-meal, post-meal and before bedtime glucose) was recorded before the beginning of the study and on 12±1 and 24±1 weeks. Hypoglycemic episodes were also recorded.

Results: Patients using OpenAPS noted a significant reduction of HbA1c on the 3 and 6-month follow-up (7.70±1.14 vs. 6.85±1.17 vs. 6.63±1.05, p<0.001). The reduction of HbA1c in the other group ws not significant (7.78±1.12 vs. 7.44±1.18 vs. 7.21±1.09, p=0.058). A significant reduction on FBG was noticed on the OpenAPS group (154.14±26.17 vs. 128.33±21.41 vs. 117.74±8.73, p=0.010), while the other group’s reduction was not found to be statistically significant (p= 0.112). Statistically lower pre-meal (p< 0.001), post-meal (p< 0.001) and before bedtime (p= 0.016) blood glucose levels were found on the OpenAPS group. Before the beginning of the study all of the participants had at least one hypoglycemic episode in the last month, while after 3 months of using OpenAPS, no patient showed hypoglycemia. The other group’s participants continued having such episodes.

Conclusions: Using a closed-loop in an insulin pump via OpenAPS system leads to a better glycemic control, less hypoglycemic episodes and lower daily blood glucose levels fluctuations compared to using an insulin pump with no closed-loop system.

Disclosure

A. Koutsovasilis: None. A. Sotiropoulos: None. A. Antoniou: None. V. Kordinas: None. D. Papadaki: None. T. Peppas: None.