bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-Specific Occurrence of HPV16- and HPV18-Related Cervical Cancer
Authors: de Sanjose Silvia , Wheeler Cosette M. , Quint Wim G.V. , Hunt William C. , Joste Nancy E. , Alemany Laia , Xavier Bosch F. , Myers Evan R. , Castle Philip E.
Published: May 2013

The age-specific occurrence of cervical cancer related to human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes HPV16 and HPV18, the two targeted by current HPV vaccines, is not well described. We therefore used data from two large, tissue-based HPV genotyping studies of cervical cancer, one conducted in New Mexico (n = 744) and an International study restricted to cancers (n = 1,729) from Europe, North America, and Australia to represent those regions with widely available cervical cancer screening facilities. HPV results were categorized as HPV16- or HPV18-positive (HPV16/18) versus other HPV genotype. We observed a decreasing proportion of HPV16/18-positive cancers with increasing age in the International study (Ptrend < 0.001) and New Mexico study (Ptrend < 0.001). There was no heterogeneity in the relationship between age of diagnosis and the proportion of HPV16/18-positive cancers between studies (P = 0.8). Combining results from the two studies (n = 2,473), the percentages of HPV16/18-positive cases were 77.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 75.1%–78.9%] for women less than 65 years old and 62.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 58.4%–66.9%] for women aged 65 and older (P < 0.001). In women who are under the age of 25 and have been vaccinated before becoming sexually active, the cervical cancer incidence is expected to be approximately 3.5 per million by 2020. HPV vaccination against HPV16/18 may have a greater impact on cervical cancers in women under 65 than in women aged 65 and older. These data will inform the age-specific impact of HPV vaccination and its integration with cervical cancer screening activities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(7); 1313–8. ©2013 AACR.
Natural History of Colorectal Adenomas: Birth Cohort Analysis Among 3.6 Million Participants of Screening Colonoscopy
Authors: Brenner Hermann , Altenhofen Lutz , Stock Christian , Hoffmeister Michael
Published: May 2013

Background: Most colorectal cancers (CRC) develop from adenomas. Knowledge of the natural history of colorectal adenomas, which is not directly observable for ethical reasons, is crucial for designing cost-effective CRC screening strategies.

Methods: We derived transition rates from carriage of nonadvanced adenoma to carriage of advanced adenoma to carriage of CRC by sex and age in birth cohort analyses among 3,593,420 participants in the German screening colonoscopy program in 2003–2010.

Results: Transition rates from advanced adenoma to CRC carriage were similar in men and women, but monotonically and significantly increased with age. Estimated annual transition percentages [(95% confidence interval (CI)] in age groups 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, and 75–79 years were 2.6 (2.4–2.9), 3.1 (2.8–3.3), 3.8 (3.5–4.1), 5.1 (4.8–5.5), and 5.2 (4.6–5.8) among men, and 2.5 (2.2–2.7), 2.7 (2.4–3.0), 3.8 (3.5–4.1), 5.0 (4.5–5.4), and 5.6 (4.9–6.3) among women. Estimated annual transitions from carriage of nonadvanced to carriage of advanced adenoma were in a narrow range from 3.6% to 4.7% for all age and sex groups.

Conclusions: Despite low annual transition rates, cumulative transition rates from advanced adenoma to CRC carriage are expected to exceed by 60%, 50%, and 40% for age intervals 55–80, 65–80, and 70–80 years, respectively, in both sexes. Cumulative transition rates from nonadvanced adenoma to CRC carriage are expected to be close to 30% for age interval 55–80 years, but less than 2% for age interval 75–80 years.

Impact: Our results enhance the empirical basis for modeling CRC screening strategies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(6); 1043–51. ©2013 AACR.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Promotes Pericyte Coverage of Brain Capillaries, Improves Cerebral Blood Flow During Subsequent Focal Cerebral Ischemia, and Preserves the Metabolic Penumbra
Authors: Zechariah Anil , ElAli Ayman , Doeppner Thorsten R. , Jin Fengyan , Hasan Mohammad R. , Helfrich Iris , Mies Günter , Hermann Dirk M.
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—

Therapeutic angiogenesis aims at improving cerebral blood flow by amplification of vascular sprouting, thus promoting tissue survival under conditions of subsequent ischemia. It remains unknown whether induced angiogenesis leads to the formation of functional vessels that indeed result in hemodynamic improvements. Observations of hemodynamic steal phenomena and disturbed neurovascular integrity after vascular endothelial growth factor delivery questioned the concept of therapeutic angiogenesis.

Methods—

Mice were treated with recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (0.02 μg/d; intracerebroventricular) for 3 to 21 days and subsequently exposed to 90-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion. Angiogenesis, histological brain injury, IgG extravasation, cerebral blood flow, protein synthesis and energy state, and pericyte coverage on brain capillaries were evaluated in a multiparametric approach combining histochemical, autoradiographic, and regional bioluminescence techniques.

Results—

Vascular endothelial growth factor increased brain capillary density within 10 days and reduced infarct volume and inflammation after subsequent middle cerebral artery occlusion, and, when delivered for prolonged periods of 21 days, enhanced postischemic blood–brain barrier integrity. Increased cerebral blood flow was noted in ischemic brain areas exhibiting enhanced angiogenesis and was associated with preservation of the metabolic penumbra, defined as brain tissue in which protein synthesis has been suppressed but ATP preserved. Vascular endothelial growth factor enhanced pericyte coverage of brain endothelial cells via mechanisms involving increased N-cadherin expression on cerebral microvessels.

Conclusions—

That cerebral blood flow is increased during subsequent ischemic episodes, leading to the stabilization of cerebral energy state, fosters hope that by promoting new vessel formation brain tissue survival may be improved.
Risk of Stroke From New Carotid Artery Occlusion in the Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial-1
Authors: den Hartog Anne G. , Halliday Alison W. , Hayter Elizabeth , Pan Hongchao , Kong Xing , Moll Frans L. , de Borst Gert Jan
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—

In the Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial-1 (ACST-1), 3120 patients with tight asymptomatic carotid stenosis were randomly assigned to medical treatment alone or to carotid endarterectomy and appropriate medication. Successful carotid endarterectomy significantly reduced 10-year stroke risk in younger patients. This study was undertaken to determine the risk of new occlusion and stroke during trial follow-up.

Methods—

Patients with contralateral occlusion at trial entry (n=276) or incomplete duplex follow-up (n=137) were excluded. Risk of occlusion and stroke in patients with occlusion was estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to determine risk factors for developing new occlusion and stroke.

Results—

Median follow-up in 2707 patients was 80.0 months (interquartile range, 52.0–115.0). New occlusions occurred in 197 patients (1.1% per annum) but were more likely to occur in arteries with tight stenosis and in unoperated patients. Overall risk of stroke was 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6–8.7) and 15.5% (95% CI, 13.6–17.4) at 5 and 10 years, respectively; for patients with new occlusion, this significantly increased to 17.0% (95% CI, 11.6–22.4) and 20.8% (95% CI, 14.1–26.2), respectively (
P
<0.001). Stroke was significantly more likely to occur in patients developing occlusion (hazard ratio, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.26–2.51) irrespective of allocated treatment.

Conclusions—

New occlusions were uncommon after carotid endarterectomy in ACST-1. During long-term follow-up, occlusion and stroke were commoner among patients with ≥70% stenosis, most of whom had not undergone carotid endarterectomy. Occlusion was an independent prognostic risk factor for occurrence of stroke.
Comparison of Risk-scoring Systems in Predicting Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Sung Sheng-Feng , Chen Solomon Chih-Cheng , Lin Huey-Juan , Chen Yu-Wei , Tseng Mei-Chiun , Chen Chih-Hung
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—

Various risk score models have been developed to predict symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) after intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to determine the prediction performance of these risk scores in a Taiwanese population

Methods—

Prospectively collected data from 4 hospitals were used to calculate probability of SICH with the scores developed by Cucchiara et al, the Hemorrhage After Thrombolysis (HAT) score, the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-SICH risk score, the Glucose Race Age Sex Pressure Stroke Severity score, and the Stroke Prognostication using Age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale-100 index. We used logistic regression to evaluate the effectiveness of each risk model in predicting SICH and the
c
statistic to assess performance.

Results—

A total of 548 patients were included. The rates of SICH were 7.3% by the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke definition, 5.3% by the European-Australasian Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II definition, and 3.5% by the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study definition. The Cucchiara score, the HAT score, and the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-SICH risk score were significant predictors of SICH for all 3 definitions, whereas the Glucose Race Age Sex Pressure Stroke Severity score and the Stroke Prognostication using Age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale-100 index predicted well only for 1 or 2 definitions of SICH. The
c
statistic was highest for the HAT score (range, 0.69–0.73) across the definitions of SICH.

Conclusions—

The Cucchiara score, the HAT score, and the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-SICH risk score predicted SICH reasonably well regardless of which SICH definition was used. However, only the HAT score had an acceptable discriminatory ability.
External Validation of the SEDAN Score for Prediction of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Stroke Thrombolysis
Authors: Mazya Michael V. , Bovi Paolo , Castillo José , Jatuzis Dalius , Kobayashi Adam , Wahlgren Nils , Ahmed Niaz
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—

The SEDAN score is a prediction rule for assessment of the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) per the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) II definition in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. We assessed the performance of the score in predicting SICH per the ECASS II and Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST) definitions in the SITS–International Stroke Thrombolysis Register (SITS-ISTR).

Methods—

We calculated the SEDAN score in 34 251 patients with complete data, enrolled into the SITS-ISTR. The risk for SICH by both definitions was calculated per score category. Odds ratios for SICH per point increase of the score were obtained using logistic regression. The predictive performance was assessed using area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC).

Results—

The predictive capability for SICH per ECASS II was moderate at AUC-ROC=0.66. With rising scores, there was a moderate increase in risk for SICH per ECASS II (odds ratio, 1.65 per point; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–1.72;
P
<0.001), with SICH rates between 1.6% for 0 points and 16.9% for ≥5 points, average 5.1%. The predictive capability for SICH per SITS–MOST was weaker, AUC-ROC=0.60, with lower increase per score point (odds ratio, 1.36 per point; 95% confidence interval, 1.28–1.46;
P
<0.001), and SICH rates between 0.8% for 0 points and 5.4% for ≥5 points, average 1.8%.

Conclusions—

In this very large data set, the predictive and discriminatory performances of the SEDAN score were only moderate for SICH per ECASS II and low for SICH per SITS–Monitoring Study.
Comparison of Short-term Outcomes of Thrombolysis for In-Hospital Stroke and Out-of-Hospital Stroke in United States
Authors: Moradiya Yogesh , Levine Steven R.
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—

In-hospital stroke (IHS) differs from out-of-hospital stroke (OHS) in risk factors and outcomes. We compared IHS and OHS treated with thrombolysis from a large national cohort in a cross-sectional study to further clarify these differences.

Methods—

The Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 2005–2010 was searched for adult acute ischemic stroke cases treated with intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis. Patients treated on the day of admission were classified as OHS. We compared the demographic and hospital characteristics, comorbidities, and short-term outcomes of thrombolysed IHS and OHS.

Results—

IHS included 8.7% of 11 750 thrombolysed stroke cases in this study. IHS was associated with a higher comorbidity profile and higher rates of acute medical conditions compared with OHS. IHS had higher inpatient mortality (15.7% versus 9.6%;
P
<0.001) and lower rate of discharge to home/self-care (22.8% versus 30.0%;
P
<0.001). IHS was also associated with higher mortality among endovascular treatment group (19.3% versus 13.8%;
P
=0.010). The difference in the rate of all intracerebral hemorrhage was not significant (5.3% versus 4.7%;
P
=0.361). In the multivariate analysis, inpatient mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–1.92;
P
<0.001) and favorable discharge outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.67–0.93;
P
=0.005) remained significantly worse in IHS.

Conclusions—

Thrombolysed IHS is associated with worse discharge outcomes compared with thrombolysed OHS, likely because of their higher comorbidities and additional medical reasons for the index admission. Thrombolysis is not associated with a higher rate of intracerebral hemorrhage among IHS.
Differences and Similarities Between Spontaneous Dissections of the Internal Carotid Artery and the Vertebral Artery
Authors: von Babo Michelle , De Marchis Gian Marco , Sarikaya Hakan , Stapf Christian , Buffon Fréderique , Fischer Urs , Heldner Mirjam R. , Gralla Jan , Jung Simon , Simonetti Barbara Goeggel , Mattle Heinrich P. , Baumgartner Ralf W. , Bousser Marie-Germaine , Arnold Marcel
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—

To compare potential risk factors, clinical symptoms, diagnostic delay, and 3-month outcome between spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection (sICAD) and spontaneous vertebral artery dissection (sVAD).

Methods—

We compared patients with sICAD (n=668) and sVAD (n=302) treated in 3 university hospitals.

Results—

Patients with sICAD were older (46.3±9.6 versus 42.0±10.2 years;
P
<0.001), more often men (62.7% versus 53.0%;
P
=0.004), and presented more frequently with tinnitus (10.9% versus 3.4%;
P
<0.001) and more severe ischemic strokes (median National Institute
s
of Health Stroke Scale, 10±7.1 versus 5±5.9;
P
<0.001). Patients with sVAD had more often bilateral dissections (15.2% versus 7.6%;
P
<0.001) and were more often smokers (36.0% versus 28.7%;
P
=0.007). Thunderclap headache (9.2% versus 3.6%;
P
=0.001) and neck pain were more common (65.8% versus 33.5%;
P
<0.001) in sVAD. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (6.0% versus 0.6%;
P
<0.001) and ischemic stroke (69.5% versus 52.2%;
P
<0.001) were more frequent in sVAD. After multivariate analysis, sex difference lost its significance (
P
=0.21), and all other variables remained significant. Time to diagnosis was similar in sICAD and sVAD and improved between 2001 and 2012 compared with the previous 10-year period (8.0±10.5 days versus 10.7±13.2 days;
P
=0.004). In sVAD, favorable outcome 3 months after ischemic stroke (modified Rankin Scale, 0–2: 88.8% versus 58.4%;
P
<0.001), recurrent transient ischemic attack (4.8% versus 1.1%;
P
=0.001), and recurrent ischemic stroke (2.8% versus 0.7%;
P
=0.02) within 3 months were more frequent.

Conclusions—

sICAD and sVAD patients differ in many aspects. Future studies should perform separate analyses of these 2 entities.
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kamel Hooman , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Bhave Prashant D. , Navi Babak B. , Okin Peter M. , Iadecola Costantino , Devereux Richard B. , Fink Matthew E.
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—

It is unknown whether supraventricular arrhythmias other than atrial fibrillation or flutter are associated with stroke.

Methods—

To examine the association between paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) and stroke, we performed a retrospective cohort study using administrative claims data from all emergency department encounters and hospitalizations at California’s nonfederal acute care hospitals in 2009. Our cohort comprised all adult patients with ≥1 emergency department visit or hospitalization from which they were discharged alive and without a diagnosis of stroke. Our primary exposure was a diagnosis of PSVT recorded at an encounter before stroke or documented as present-on-admission at the time of stroke. To reduce confounding, we excluded patients with diagnoses of atrial fibrillation. We defined PSVT, stroke, and atrial fibrillation using
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision
,
Clinical Modification
codes previously validated by detailed chart review.

Results—

Of 4 806 830 eligible patients, 14 121 (0.29%) were diagnosed with PSVT and 14 402 (0.30%) experienced a stroke. The cumulative rate of stroke after PSVT diagnosis (0.94%; 95% confidence interval, 0.76%–1.16%) significantly exceeded the rate among patients without a diagnosis of PSVT (0.21%; 95% confidence interval, 0.21%–0.22%). In Cox proportional hazards analysis controlling for demographic characteristics and potential confounders, PSVT was independently associated with a higher risk of subsequent stroke (hazard ratio, 2.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.69–2.62).

Conclusions—

In a large and demographically diverse sample of patients, we found an independent association between PSVT and ischemic stroke. PSVT seems to be a novel risk factor that may account for some proportion of strokes that are currently classified as cryptogenic.
Agreeing How? Implications for Theories of Agreement and Locality
Authors: Carstens Vicki , Diercks Michael
Published: May 2013

In Lubukusu and Lusaamia, the wh-expression ‘how’ agrees in φ-features with the subject of its clause. We show that agreement on ‘how’ is not always identical to subject agreement on the verb: the two diverge in certain locative inversion and subject extraction environments. On the basis of these facts, we argue that ‘how’ is a vP adjunct with downward-probing uφ independent of the uφ that underlies subject agreement. We also explore locality paradoxes that arise in connection with agreeing ‘how’ in locative inversion constructions. These present challenges to the traditional notion of equidistance from a probe as an explanation for inversion, show that operators may have ‘‘active’’ φ-features even while they are Ā-opaque, and offer insight into the mechanisms making locative inversion possible.
Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 36. Generic treatment of Lophocoleaceae (Marchantiophyta)
Authors: SÖDERSTRÖM LARS , CRANDALL-STOTLER BARBARA , STOTLER RAYMOND E. , VÁŇA JIŘÍ , HAGBORG ANDERS , VON KONRAT MATT
Published: May 2013

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies on Lophocoleaceae have recovered some well-supported monophyletic lineages within Chiloscyphus s. lat. that merit recognition at the generic level. As a consequence, Chiloscyphus is herein circumscribed to include only Chiloscyphus subgen. Chiloscyphus, Chiloscyphus subgen. Connati is elevated to generic rank to which the new name Cryptolophocolea is applied, and Lophocolea, Pachyglossa and Clasmatocolea are recognized as distinct genera. Tetracymbaliella is transferred to the Brevianthaceae, and a synopsis of the genera currently recognized in Lophocoleaceae is provided.
Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 37. Towards a stable, informative classification of the Lepidoziaceae (Marchantiophyta)
Authors: COOPER ENDYMION D.
Published: May 2013

Recent molecular phylogenies of the Lepidoziaceae indicate that the current classification is incongruent with the phylogeny. Although substantial uncertainties remain, an interim classification is needed. The classification proposed includes a broader definition of the Lembidioideae, reinstatement of Neolepidozia and Tricholepidozia and the recognition of the new genus Ceramanus. While the Zoopsidoideae are unlikely to represent a monophyletic group, it is not yet possible to provide a phylogenetically accurate revision of this subfamily.
Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 38. New combinations and synonyms in Lepidoziaceae (Marchantiophyta)
Authors: COOPER ENDYMION D. , SÖDERSTRÖM LARS , HAGBORG ANDERS , VON KONRAT MATT
Published: May 2013

Cooper (2013) summarizes the current status of the family Lepidoziaceae and presents a new classification based on recent phylogenetic studies (Cooper et al. 2011, 2012). The classification requires many transfers of taxa and the new combinations and a new synonym are reported here. Ceramanus gen. nov. is newly described and Tricholepidozia comb. et stat. nov. elevated to generic rank. Several of the species require lectotypification, but this is beyond the scope of this nomenclatural note and lectotypes are designated only in two unambiguous cases.
A new species and new records of Gymnolaelaps Berlese from Iran (Acari: Laelapidae), with a review of the species occurring in the Western Palaearctic Region
Authors: JOHARCHI OMID , HALLIDAY BRUCE
Published: May 2013

This paper reports on five species of mites of the genus Gymnolaelaps associated with ants and soil in Iran—G. artavilensis sp. nov. from Pheidole pallidula, G. laevis (Michael) and G. myrmecophilus (Berlese) from Tetramorium caespitum, G. myrmophila (Michael) from Formica sp., and G. obscuroides Costa from soil. Gymnolaelaps australicus Womersley and G. hospes (Berlese) have also been reported from Iran, in association with P. pallidula, but those records are incorrect. A key to the species of Gymnolaelaps occurring in the Western Palaearctic Region is presented. We review the related genus Laelaspisella Marais & Loots, and transfer Gymnolaelaps kabitae Bhattacharyya and G. canestrinii (Berlese) sensu Costa to Laelaspisella.
Review of Scirtidae (Coleoptera: Scirtoidea) described by Johan Christian Fabricius (1745–1808)
Authors: RUTA RAFAŁ
Published: May 2013

Scirtidae described by J. Ch. Fabricius are listed. Poorly known South American and Indian species are redescribed, illus-trated and figured. Cyphon depressus Fabricius is transferred to Ora Clark, and Cistela livida Fabricius is transferred to Pseudomicrocara Armstrong. Ora complanata (Guérin-Méneville) is probably a junior synonym of Ora depressa (Fabr-icius). Data on Scirtidae collections studied by Fabricius are summarized.
Test de asociaciones implícitas con la naturaleza: aplicación en España del “IAT-Nature”
Authors: Olivos Pablo , Aragonés Juan-Ignacio
Published: May 2013

Se han propuesto diferentes medidas para estudiar hasta qué punto los seres humanos se conciben a sí mismos conectados a la naturaleza, concepto conocido como Conectividad con la Naturaleza. Una de estas medidas es el IAT-Nature, un test de asociaciones implícitas entre estímulos que ha recibido muchos comentarios en la literatura acerca de sus condiciones metodológicas y su relación con otras medidas explícitas afines. En este estudio se han puesto a prueba estas condiciones. Para ello 71 estudiantes universitarios completaron el test, encontrándose efectos parciales de la rotación de las tareas de clasificación. Además se han encontrado correlaciones positivas entre el IA T-Nature y la Escala de Conectividad con la Naturaleza (CNS), la escala de Inclusión de la Naturaleza en el Self (INS), la Identidad Ambiental (EID) y las creencias ambientales (Egiobiocéntricas y Biosféricas). A pesar de obtener correlaciones positivas con el comportamiento proambiental, los análisis de regresión indican que no es un buen predictor del mismo. Se discute la utilidad de este tipo de medidas en el estudio de la conectividad con la naturaleza.
La fiabilidad y validez de la escala de mitos hacia el amor: las creencias de los y las adolescentes
Authors: Rodríguez-Castro Yolanda , Lameiras-Fernández María , Carrera-Fernández María-Victoria , Vallejo-Medina Pablo
Published: May 2013

El objetivo de este estudio es validar la Escala de Mitos hacia el Amor en una muestra de adolescentes y comprobar si existen diferencias en los mitos hacia el amor en función del género. La muestra está formada por un total de 800 estudiantes de Secundaria, 421 chicas y 387 chicos, con una media de edad de 15.98 años (DT = 1.53). El análisis factorial confirmatorio muestra un adecuado ajuste para el modelo bidimensional de siete ítems que se distribuyen en el mito del amor idealizado y el mito del amor maltratador. La escala logra fiabilidades adecuadas (.70 y.86) y en general buenas propiedades psicométricas. Las chicas son las que presentan una visión más idealizada del amor que se relaciona con el sexismo benevolente; mientras que los chicos que presentan su mayor aceptación al mito de la vinculación amor-maltrato son a su vez, los más sexistas hostiles.
Public Speaking: Stereotype threat and control
Authors: Désert Michel , Gonçalves Gabriela , Leyens Jacques-Philippe
Published: May 2013

A first experiment aimed at extending stereotype threat to anxious behaviour was carried out. Male and female students had to speak in front of a camera. As expected, female participants in the threat condition behaved more anxiously than did participants in the other three conditions that did not differ from one another. It is suggested that this confirmation of the stereotype occurred because the female participants had low control over the task. In a second study, female participants' control over the task was manipulated. As expected, threatened participants behaved in more anxiously when they had low level of control over the task, but not when they had a high level of control over the task. Together, these studies argue for the generality of stereotype threat to everyday behaviour, and show that its negative effects are not inescapable.
El acoso laboral o mobbing: similitudes y diferencias de género en su severidad percibida
Authors: Escartín Jordi , Salin Denise , Rodríguez-Carballeira Álvaro
Published: May 2013

Basándose en la teoría del rol social de género, el propósito de este trabajo es analizar el impacto de la variable sociodemográfica “género” sobre la manera en que las personas valoran la severidad de los diferentes comportamientos de acoso laboral o mobbing. En el Estudio 1, se aplica el método Delphi con una muestra de expertos. Los resultados mostraron que los hombres percibieron las conductas de abuso emocional como menos severas que las mujeres. En el Estudio 2, realizado con empleados, los resultados replicaron y extendieron los hallazgos del Estudio 1. Específicamente, las mujeres evaluaron la severidad de las conductas de agresión relacional (aislamiento y abuso emocional), de modo más severo que los hombres. Estos resultados sugieren que el género es un factor diferencial a la hora de concebir el acoso laboral. Esto puede tener implicaciones importantes a la hora de que directivos de empresas de uno u otro género hayan de decidir las formas de prevenir y actuar ante situaciones de acoso.
Liderazgo transformacional y desempeño grupal: unidos por el engagement grupal
Authors: Cruz-Ortiz Valeria , Salanova Marisa , Martínez Isabel M.
Published: May 2013

Este estudio pone a prueba las relaciones entre liderazgo transformacional, engagement grupal y desempeño grupal, a partir del Modelo de Organizaciones Saludables y Resilientes (HERO—HEalthy & Resilient Organizations) (Salanova, 2008; Salanova, Martínez, Cifre y Llorens, 2009) poniendo de manifiesto el papel mediador del engagement grupal en esta relación. La muestra está compuesta por 519 empleados pertenecientes a 58 equipos de trabajo de 12 Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PyMEs) españolas. Los Coeficientes de Correlación Intraclase (CCI1 y CCI2) y el Indice de Desviación Promedio (ADMJ)), permiten la agregación de los datos al nivel de equipos de trabajo para el desarrollo de los análisis correspondientes. Los resultados obtenidos a nivel de equipos de trabajo, apoyan la hipótesis planteada, esto es, el engagement grupal media totalmente la relación entre liderazgo transformacional y desempeño grupal. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados y sus implicaciones teóricas así como las posibles aplicaciones prácticas.
US Pediatric Injuries Involving Amusement Rides, 1990-2010
Authors: Thompson Meghan C. , Chounthirath Thiphalak , Xiang Huiyun , Smith Gary A.
Published: May 2013

This study investigates pediatric injuries involving amusement rides treated in US emergency departments by retrospectively analyzing data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. From 1990 to 2010, an estimated 92 885 children ≤17 years sought treatment in US hospital emergency departments for injuries involving amusement rides, yielding an annual average of 4423 injuries. The average annual injury rate was 6.24 injuries per 100 000 US children, and the mean patient age was 8.73 years. The head and neck was the most commonly injured body region (28.0%), and the most common type of injury was a soft tissue injury (29.4%). Falling in, on, off, or against the ride was the most frequent mechanism of injury (31.7%). Only 1.5% of injuries resulted in hospitalization. An improved national system for monitoring injuries involving amusement rides is needed. There are opportunities to improve the safety of amusement rides for children, especially to prevent injuries from falls.
Effect of Observation Mode on Measures of Secondary Mathematics Teaching
Authors: Casabianca Jodi M. , McCaffrey Daniel F. , Gitomer Drew H. , Bell Courtney A. , Hamre Bridget K. , Pianta Robert C.
Published: May 2013

Classroom observation of teachers is a significant part of educational measurement; measurements of teacher practice are being used in teacher evaluation systems across the country. This research investigated whether observations made live in the classroom and from video recording of the same lessons yielded similar inferences about teaching. Using scores on the Classroom Assessment Scoring System–Secondary (CLASS-S) from 82 algebra classrooms, we explored the effect of observation mode on inferences about the level or ranking of teaching in a single lesson or in a classroom for a year. We estimated the correlation between scores from the two observation modes and tested for mode differences in the distribution of scores, the sources of variance in scores, and the reliability of scores using generalizability and decision studies for the latter comparisons. Inferences about teaching in a classroom for a year were relatively insensitive to observation mode. However, time trends in the raters’ use of the score scale were significant for two CLASS-S domains, leading to mode differences in the reliability and inferences drawn from individual lessons. Implications for different modes of classroom observation with the CLASS-S are discussed.
Outworkings: Multi-Faith Mission in Mark 5
Authors: Vincent John J.
Published: May 2013

The practice of an experimental Christian café-centre in inner city Sheffield provokes reprise with Mark’s multi-faith and multicultural narratives. The dramatis personae, the street-level exposées, and the cultural clashes of Mark 5 evoke spontaneous but complicated reactions from Jesus. Contemporary disciples today find them “working out” for themselves and their attempts at Mission.
On Reading Job 22 – 28
Authors: Goldingay John
Published: May 2013

The ‘third cycle of speeches’ in the book of Job does not follow the pattern of the first two cycles and it is commonly thought that the cycle has become disordered, but there is no agreement on how to reorder it. The article shows how chapters 22 – 28 can be understood as they stand, the introductions to chapters 27 and 29 being key clues to a dynamic whereby 26.5-14 and 28.1-28 represent the narrator’s reflections.
Did David Bring a Gun to a Knife Fight? Literary and Historical Considerations in Interpreting David’s Victory over Goliath
Authors: Johnson Benjamin J. M.
Published: May 2013

Though the story of David and Goliath is unmatched in its iconic status, it is capable of being interpreted as either a story of David’s faith or a story of David’s cunning. These various portraits of David largely hinge on how the reader understands David’s sling. Is it a shepherd’s weapon that would be useless against the armored giant? Or is it a deadly long range weapon, the equivalent of bringing a gun to a knife fight? This essay examines the literary and historical considerations in interpreting this aspect of the biblical story and suggests that while David may have cunningly chosen a weapon that gave him an outside chance of victory, it is by no means a weapon that gave him an advantage, and so his faith in Yhwh must be considered the deciding factor.
Jesus’ Last Words: A Cry of Dereliction or Triumph?
Authors: Cerio Rebecca
Published: May 2013

This study will argue against recent popular interpretations of the Markan Jesus’ last words on the cross as a triumphant cry signifying Jesus’ joining the Father. Rather, Jesus’ last words are a genuine cry of abandonment, lacking in the triumphant implications that many scholars construe from the text. Jesus is left to die an undignified death, alone and rejected by all, even by God. This reading should not be softened but accepted as the text presents it, for it functions as the climax of the necessary-sufferer motif that is prevalent throughout the gospel. This piece will compare the Markan last words with the redacted Lukan last words. Luke appears to reverse Mark’s portrayal of Jesus’ shameful and isolated death, thereby alleviating his suffering because he and his audience, like many contemporary scholars, feel uncomfortable with accepting this negative portrayal of their Messiah.
The closing of critique, pluralism and reflexivity: A response to Hardy and Grant and some wider reflections
Authors: Alvesson Mats , Kärreman Dan
Published: May 2013

This article is a follow-up of Alvesson and Kärreman (2011a), which was in itself a follow-up of Alvesson and Kärreman (2000), and a response to a critique of the former by Hardy and Grant (2012). The critique is addressed directly and the logic behind it investigated critically. The article also addresses wider concerns regarding the politics of research and publishing and the conditions of critique at the present time. The pressure and eagerness to get published lead to strong subspecialization and an inclination to build research approaches within which authors are inclined to reproduce shared assumptions and be unwelcome to critical explorations. The article points to the risk of assumption-challenging work being marginalized through the anticipation of critique leading to hostile reactions and specialized, politically motivated reviewers blocking the publication of far-reaching critique.
Not quite a revolution: Scrutinizing organizational neuroscience in leadership studies
Authors: Lindebaum Dirk , Zundel Mike
Published: May 2013

Several provocative studies on organizational neuroscience have been published of late, many in the domain of leadership. These studies are motivated by the prospect of being able to better explain what causes and constitutes ‘good’ leadership by examining brain activity. In so doing, these studies follow an established path in organizational research that seeks to reduce complex social phenomena to more basic (neurological) processes. However, advocates of organizational neuroscience reveal very little about the fundamental problems and challenges of reductionism. Therefore, our aim in this article is to scrutinize the reductionist assumptions and processes underlying the fast-evolving domain of organizational neuroscience as it is applied to the study of leadership. We maintain that without explicit consideration of, and solutions to, the challenges of reductionism, the possibilities to advance leadership studies theoretically and empirically are limited. In consequence, inferential ambiguities that flow from such insights run the danger of informing organizational practice inadequately. Thus, we find suggestions that we are at the brink of a neuroscientific revolution in the study of leadership premature, and a sole focus on neuroscience, at the expense of insights from other social science disciplines, dangerous.
Art promoting mental health literacy and a positive attitude towards people with experience of mental illness
Authors: Koh Eugen , Shrimpton Bradley
Published: May 2013

Background:

Exhibitions of art by people with experience of mental illness are increasingly being staged to improve awareness of mental health issues in the general community and to counter the stigma of mental illness. However, few exhibitions have incorporated research to ascertain their actual effectiveness.

Method:

This paper reports the results of a study that considered the responses of 10,000 people after they viewed exhibitions of art produced by people with experience of mental illness. These works were selected from the Cunningham Dax Collection, one of the world’s most extensive collection of artworks by people with experience of mental illness and/or psychological trauma.

Results:

More than 90% of respondents agreed with three propositions that the exhibitions helped them: (1) gain a better understanding of mental illness; (2) gain a more sympathetic understanding of the suffering of people with mental illness; and (3) appreciate the ability and creativity of people with mental illness.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that exhibitions can successfully promote mental health literacy and contribute to positive attitudes towards people with experience of mental illness. This paper explores these findings and raises questions about how the presentation of artworks in an exhibition influences their effectiveness in mental health promotion.
Implicit Schemata and Categories in Memory-based Language Processing
Authors: van den Bosch Antal , Daelemans Walter
Published: May 2013

Memory-based language processing (MBLP) is an approach to language processing based on exemplar storage during learning and analogical reasoning during processing. From a cognitive perspective, the approach is attractive as a model for human language processing because it does not make any assumptions about the way abstractions are shaped, nor any a priori distinction between regular and exceptional exemplars, allowing it to explain fluidity of linguistic categories, and both regularization and irregularization in processing. Schema-like behaviour and the emergence of categories can be explained in MBLP as by-products of analogical reasoning over exemplars in memory. We focus on the reliance of MBLP on local (versus global) estimation, which is a relatively poorly understood but unique characteristic that separates the memory-based approach from globally abstracting approaches in how the model deals with redundancy and parsimony. We compare our model to related analogy-based methods, as well as to example-based frameworks that assume some systemic form of abstraction.
Effect of different acid solutions on glass/epoxy composites
Authors: Amaro AM , Reis PNB , Neto MA , Louro C
Published: May 2013

Composite materials are exposed to a range of hostile environments with consequent degradation in terms of mechanical properties. However, the bibliography is not sufficient to establish a full knowledge about the effect of hostile environments on mechanical properties. This work intends to study the response to flexural and to low velocity impact of a glass fibre/epoxy composite after immersion in two different acid solutions, hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid. These solutions affect significantly the flexural and impact strength, however, the hydrochloric acid was responsible for the worst results. The maximum load and elastic energy decreases with the impacts. On the other hand, the maximum displacement and damaged area showed an inverse tendency.
Morphology and properties of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)/poly(methyl methacrylate)/zinc oxide composites
Authors: Wacharawichanant Sirirat , Thongbunyoung Nopparot , Churdchoo Phatcharaporn , Sookjai Thitikwun , Thongyai Supakanok
Published: May 2013

The effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) 250 nm on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the composites of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and ZnO was investigated. The Young's modulus of 20SAN/PMMA/ZnO and 40SAN/PMMA/ZnO increased at low ZnO content. Increasing content of ZnO up to 0.5–1.0 wt% increased the impact strength of PMMA/SAN blends and then decreased. The addition of ZnO improved the thermal stability of polymer blends. The dielectric constant of 20SAN/PMMA/ZnO and 40SAN/PMMA/ZnO composites increased with increasing ZnO content. The dispersion of ZnO particles was relatively good and uniform throughout the entire polymer matrix.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes impregnated rubber nanocomposites: thermal transport/decomposition and differential scanning calorimetric study
Authors: Sagar Sadia , Iqbal Nadeem , Maqsood Asghari
Published: May 2013

In order to analyze the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the thermal transport/stability characteristics of styrene butadiene rubber, five diverse loadings of multiwalled carbon nanotubes were impregnated in the rubber matrix using dispersion kneader and two roller mixing mill. Thermal conductivity and thermal impedance of the nanocomposite specimens were evaluated according to ASTM E1225-99 and D5470-03. It was observed that the thermal conductivity was reduced up to 79% while thermal impedance of the polymer nanocomposite was improved up to 390% at 523 K with 1 wt% impregnation of nanotubes into the base composite formulation. Thermal stability of the polymer nanocomposite was augmented up to 6%, with the utmost incorporation of the nanotubes. Glass transition and crystallization temperatures were diminished, while the onset and peak melting temperatures were increased with increasing filler to matrix ratio. The percent crystallinity of the nanocomposites has been augmented up to 5%, with 1 wt% incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes into the host matrix. Scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to examine the multiwalled carbon nanotubes dispersion in the rubber matrix, for surface analysis of the post-thermally tested composite specimens and for their compositional analysis.
Processing and characterization of nanographene platelets modified phenolic resin as a precursor to carbon/carbon composites (part II)
Authors: Bansal Dhruv , Pillay Selvum , Vaidya Uday
Published: May 2013

Nanocomposites were formed by curing the dispersion of carbon nanofillers—nanographene platelets and vapor grown carbon nanofibers—in resole type phenolic resin. X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal expansion, and thermogravimetric and flexure testing were carried out to study the morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of the manufactured nanocomposites. The coefficient of thermal expansion decreased by 15.36% (73.83 µm/m℃) and 14.23% (74.81 µm/m℃) with 1.5 wt% nanographene platelets and 1.5 wt% vapor grown carbon nanofibers, respectively, compared with neat phenolic (87.23 µm/m℃) in the temperature range 60–80°. The flexure strength of neat phenolic resin increased by 31.62% (48.57 MPa) and flexure modulus by 42.23% (2.9 GPa) at 0.5 wt% nanographene platelets. Comparatively, vapor grown carbon nanofibers at 1.5 wt% increased the flexure strength by 14.3% and flexure modulus by 23.5%. Nanographene platelets and vapor grown carbon nanofibers increased the char content of neat phenolic resin. The char content increased by 200% at 800℃ in 5 wt% nanographene platelet nanocomposites, compared with 75% increase in 3 wt% vapor grown carbon nanofibers nanocomposite. Nanographene platelets were more effective than vapor grown carbon nanofibers in lowering the coefficient of thermal expansion of neat phenolic, in improving its flexure strength and modulus and in increasing the char yield. The results indicate that nanographene platelets can be effectively used as carbon nanofiller in the manufacture of carbon/carbon composites.
Kenaf–polypropylene composites manufactured from blended fiber mats
Authors: Deng Shiqiang , Beehag Andrew , Hillier Wayne , Zhang Donghai , Ye Lin
Published: May 2013

Experimental investigations were conducted on kenaf–polypropylene composites manufactured from preformed mats consisting of kenaf and polypropylene fibers in a ratio of 1 : 1 in weight to explore the prospects of annual natural plant fibers as reinforcements for polymer–matrix composites. Surface treatments to the comingled kenaf–polypropylene fiber mats were first carried out using different coupling agents to increase the compatibility of the natural fiber and the polypropylene matrix. Kenaf–polypropylene composite laminates were fabricated from the mats via compression molding. Experimental results indicated that, among the coupling agents chosen, maleated polypropylene was the most effective coupling agent to significantly improve the mechanical performance of the composites. Analyses using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy revealed that maleated polypropylene was able to promote strong adhesion between the kenaf fibers and the polypropylene matrix at their interfaces. The outcomes of the study indicate that the use of the preformed fiber mats in combination with fiber surface modifications makes it possible to efficiently produce natural fiber reinforced composites with excellent mechanical properties.
Mechanical properties and water absorption of snake grass longitudinal fiber reinforced isophthalic polyester composites
Authors: Sathishkumar TP , Navaneethakrishnan P , Shankar S , Rajasekar R
Published: May 2013

Natural fiber reinforced composites have replaced the existing conventional materials due to its light weight and enhanced load-bearing capabilities. In the present work, the newly identified snake grass ( Sansevieria ehrenbergii) fiber-reinforced isophthalic polyester composites are prepared by simple hand lay-up method with different fiber weight fractions. The mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus are analyzed for the longitudinal and transverse direction according to the prescribed standards. The obtained tensile strength and modulus are compared with the theoretically predicted values. The impact strength and energy absorption of the composites are analyzed and compared with control. The water uptake of pure and fiber incorporated resin under varying time period and climatic conditions are examined. The experimental results proves that the composites containing high fiber weight content contribute to remarkable increase in mechanical properties and water absorption capabilities compared to control.