bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pendugaan laju erosi pada beberapa tutupan lahan berbeda di Kawasan Tambang Batubara Pt Singlurus Pratama
Authors: Agussalim Dwi Gustiana , Sarminah Sri , Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

Kegiatan penambangan batubara memiliki dampak negatif bagi lingkungan di mana dapat terjadi perubahan kondisi lahan seperti terjadinya erosi dan sedimentasi juga longsoran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju erosi dan tingkat bahaya erosi pada areal revegetasi 2021, kebun karet dan areal disposal di PT Singlurus Pratama. Metode penelitian laju erosi menggunakan metode tongkat dengan pembuatan plot ukur erosi berukuran 20 m × 20 m dan pembatas plot ukur erosi di sekitar plot berjarak 50 cm dari plot serta pengujian sifat fisik dan kimia tanah. Didapatkan hasil nilai laju erosi tertinggi hingga terendah yaitu: areal disposal sebesar 338,58 ton/ha/tahun, areal revegetasi 2021 sebesar 62,04 ton/ha/tahun dan kebun karet sebesar 38,76 ton/ha/tahun, status tingkat bahaya erosi (TBE) pada areal revegetasi 2021 dan areal disposal termasuk ke dalam TBE sangat berat dan kebun karet tergolong ke dalam TBE sedang. Untuk mengendalikan laju erosi, dengan cara memastikan agar tanaman cover crop dan pohon dapat tumbuh dengan produktif serta melakukan pengayaan dan penambahan jenis tanaman fast growing spesies atau lokal, juga membangun bangunan konservasi tanah dan air seperti teras dan penataan pembukaan lahan (recontouring atau reshapping) pada areal agak curam sampai dengan sangat curam sehingga dapat mengendalikan limpasan permukaan dan mengurangi bahaya erosi.
Perhitungan kebutuhan dan pemetaan ruang terbuka di Kota Samarinda
Authors: Siswanto Hari , Manulang Gilbert Renaldi , Ariyanto Ariyanto
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung kebutuhan ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Samarinda yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi ruang terbuka hijau, dan memprediksi kebutuhan ruang terbuka hijau untuk 10 tahun mendatang berdasarkan tingkat kebutuhan oksigen. Analisis dalam pemetaan ruang terbuka hijau dan lahan potensial untuk pengembangan ruang terbuka hijau dilakukan dengan menginterpretasi fitur pada citra satelit secara visual menggunakan Citra Satelit SPOT 6/7 tahun 2020, serta memproyeksikan kebutuhan ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Samarinda selama 10 tahun mendatang berdasarkan tingkat kebutuhan oksigen menggunakan formula matematika sederhana yaitu 𝑃𝑡 = (𝑃𝑜 × xr)100 + 𝑃𝑜. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Samarinda mencakup luasan 26.265,33 ha, yang terbagi menjadi ruang terbuka hijau publik sebesar 709,02 ha dan ruang terbuka hijau pribadi sebesar 25.556,31 ha.. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga memetakan area potensial untuk penambahan ruang terbuka hijau, yang mencakup luasan 8.473,73 ha, dan menghitung kebutuhan ruang terbuka hijau berdasarkan tingkat kebutuhan oksigen untuk 10 tahun mendatang, mencakup luasan 24.414 ha.
Security Concerns of Generative AI on Social Media
Authors: Gurwinder Singh  , Ramanpreet Kaur  , Khushboo Bharti
Published: January 2025

The rise of generative AI technologies has transformed the landscape of social media by enabling the creation of highly realistic and persuasive content. While these advancements offer exciting possibilities for creativity, communication, and engagement, they also introduce significant security concerns. The ability of generative AI to produce deepfakes, misinformation, and other manipulative content poses risks to personal privacy, political stability, and societal trust. This paper explores the security implications of generative AI on social media platforms, examining the challenges of identifying and mitigating AI-generated threats, the role of platform governance in addressing these issues, and the potential for malicious actors to exploit AI for cyberattacks. Additionally, we discuss the ethical considerations surrounding AI-generated content, privacy violations, and the responsibility of tech companies to safeguard users. Finally, we propose strategies for enhancing AI detection systems, fostering public awareness, and promoting the development of responsible AI policies to ensure a secure and trustworthy digital environment.
A Competência concorrente para legislar sobre matéria ambiental: uma análise do posicionamento do STF sobre a competência do Município
Authors: Feldmann Paula Mariotti , Sodré Marcelo Gomes
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o posicionamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) acerca da competência concorrente do município para legislar sobre matéria ambiental. Para tanto, será feita uma exposição sobre a divisão de competências trazida pela Constituição Federal de 1988, em especial em relação à competência concorrente entre a União Federal, os Estados e os Municípios para editar normas sobre assuntos ambientais. Posteriormente, serão analisados dois acórdãos proferidas pelo STF no âmbito de julgamento de normas municipais, tendo a primeira proibido a queima da palha de cana-de-açúcar nos limites de um município paulista, a qual foi julgada inconstitucional pelo tribunal, e a segunda o fornecimento de sacolas plásticas em estabelecimentos comerciais, tendo tal proibição sido considerada constitucional pelo STF.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Бицюра Юрій , Манжула Євгенія , Ілюхіна Василина
Published: January 2025

Стаття присвячена актуальним проблемам забезпечення сталого розвитку України в умовах глобальних економічних викликів та екологічних загроз. Висвітлено питання адаптації національної економіки до стандартів сталого розвитку, проаналізовано вплив цих змін на внутрішню соціально-економічну політику країни та пропонуються ефективні механізми вирішення ключових проблем. Метою статті є аналіз проблем забезпечення сталого розвитку в Україні та визначення основних напрямів щодо їх вирішення. Методи дослідження включають системний підхід для аналізу взаємозв’язків між економічними, соціальними та екологічними факторами сталого розвитку, порівняльний аналіз, а також статистичні методи для аналізу ключових показників забезпечення сталого розвитку в Україні. Авторський внесок полягає у: визначенні основних бар’єрів для забезпечення сталого розвитку, таких як слабкість інституційної бази, недостатній рівень інвестицій у «зелену» економіку та нестабільність внутрішньої економіки; пропозиції щодо впровадження інноваційних механізмів управління, спрямованих на гармонізацію економічної, екологічної та соціальної політик. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у детальному аналізі ролі державної політики в забезпеченні сталого розвитку, зокрема через впровадження цифрових інновацій та стимулювання розвитку «зеленої» економіки. Також запропоновано адаптаційні механізми для покращення національної стратегії відповідно до Цілей сталого розвитку ООН. Практичне значення отриманих результатів: розроблено рекомендації для органів державної влади щодо залучення міжнародних інвестицій у проєкти «зеленої» економіки. Основні висновки дослідження свідчать, що Україна має значний потенціал для досягнення сталого розвитку завдяки інтеграції в міжнародні економічні процеси та використанню сучасних технологій. Однак для подолання існуючих бар’єрів необхідно зміцнити інституційну базу, модернізувати регуляторну систему та активізувати інвестиції у відновлювану енергетику й інновації.
La certificación ambiental en los proyectos de exploración minera
Authors: Ramírez Broncano Michael , Ramírez Guzmán Miguel
Published: January 2025

El presente trabajo recopila los diferentes instrumentos de gestión ambiental aplicables a los proyectos de exploración minera en el marco de la obtención de la certificación ambiental. Se emplea la investigación documental a través de la búsqueda, organización y análisis de la información. Los proyectos de exploración minera pueden optar por gestionar hasta tres tipos de instrumentos de gestión ambiental: FTA, DIA, EIAsd así como sus respectivas modificatorias según los requerimientos de la organización. Del análisis de la información se concluye que los tiempos de evaluación de los instrumentos de gestión ambiental estipulados en la normativa sectorial difieren de los tiempos reales de evaluación en el caso de la DIA, EIAsd y sus modificatorias.
Prototipo Trágico en Dos Escritoras Mexicanas
Authors: Silvia Quezada Camberos
Published: January 2025

Las escritoras mexicanas nacidas en los primeros años del siglo XX fueron pesimistas en su escritura, porque su existencia estuvo caracterizada por acontecimientos envueltos de fatalidad y violencia. Como muestra de esta conjetura en este trabajo se abordan dos nombres: Nellie Campobello, narradora postrevolucionaria que permite ver la crudeza y desilusión por el acontecer diario y por la ausencia de varones en el núcleo familiar a causa de la lucha armada y Antonieta Rivas Mercado, cuya correspondencia muestra el aislamiento de la mujer cultivada, quien sufre por la falta de amor correspondido y la nula participación fuera del hogar.
Caracterización Semántica del Cuantificador Un montón de
Authors: Guzmán Bonilla Vania , Santana Silva Rubén
Published: January 2025

En este trabajo nos enfocamos en el uso como determinante cuantificador de la expresión un montón de, que si bien está conformada desde una perspectiva formal por un sintagma nominal complejo (de ahora en adelante SNC), funciona más bien como un cuantificador vago. Por tal motivo, buscamos mostrar cómo es que en español este SNC se gramaticalizó como un cuantificador y transformó así su tipo semántico. Asimismo, describiremos su distribución sintáctica y semántica y realizaremos su mapeo sintáctico-semántico como cuantificador.
Mestizaje de la Muerte Europea y Precolombina
Authors: Munguía Quintero María José
Published: January 2025

La Danza macabra fue un género artístico y literario que tuvo su cúspide en la Baja Edad Media; refleja la idea, y el consuelo, de que la igualdad se encuentra una vez muerto. En este ensayo se analiza cómo esta visión de mundo y la dualidad yacente en la cosmovisión mexica tienen en común con la perspectiva que tiene la cultura mexicana hacia la muerte.
High immunoproteasome and low constitutive proteasome subunit levels correlate with sensitivity to bortezomib-containing chemotherapy: update from the Children’s Oncology Group AALL1231 trial
Authors: Roeten Margot S. F. , Van Meerloo Johan , Van Dijk Suzanne N. , Kwidama Zinia , Jenkins Gaye , Teachey David T. , Devidas Meenakshi , Loh Mignon L. , Kaspers Gertjan J. L. , Zweegman Sonja , Jansen Gerrit , Horton Terzah M. , Cloos Jacqueline
Published: January 2025

Not available.
Very long-term remission with azacitidine in VEXAS syndrome
Authors: Zhao Lin-Pierre , Jachiet Vincent , Kosmider Olivier , Larcher Lise , Clappier Emmanuelle , Sébert Marie , Adès Lionel , Hirsch Pierre , Mahévas Thibault , Battistella Maxime , Bouaziz Jean-David , Mekinian Arsène , Fenaux Pierre , FRENVEX MINHEMON
Published: January 2025

Not available.
Comment on: FLT3 ligand kinetic profile predicts response to treatment in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome / chronic myelomonocytic leukemia receiving CPX-351: a study from the Groupe Francophone des Myélodysplasies
Authors: Yan Qian , Liu Jinlin
Published: January 2025

Not available.
More on the pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Comment on “Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura without detectable anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies: a possible underlying autoimmune mechanism” and on “The different faces of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura”
Authors: Peyvandi Flora
Published: January 2025

Not available.
Response to Comment on: FLT3 ligand kinetic profile predicts response to treatment in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome / chronic myelomonocytic leukemia receiving CPX-351: a study from the Groupe Francophone des Myélodysplasies
Authors: Peterlin Pierre , Jullien Maxime
Published: January 2025

Not available.
EFEK PROTEKTIF PROBIOTIK KEFIR PADA ORGAN REPRODUKSI HEWAN COBA
Authors: Windyaningrum Sabatina
Published: January 2025

Kefir merupakan produk probiotik yang berasal dari fermentasi susu kambing atau susu sapi.  Fermentasi kefir menggunakan kefir grains yang memiliki komposisi mikrobiologi kompleks, meliputi bakteri asam laktat, ragi (yeast), dan fungi.  Kefir memiliki kandungan yang unik, yaitu kefiran yang merupakan jenis eksopolisakarida potensial pada kefir grains memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat. Selain sebagai antioksidan poten, manfaat kefir juga sebagai agen antimutagenik, antitumor, antiinflamasi, radical scavenging, dan agen pereduksi stres oksidatif. Banyak sekali khasiat kefir bagi kesehatan, tetapi belum banyak yang menguji efek kefir pada organ reproduksi. Oleh karena itu, pada tinjauan literatur ini akan memaparkan beberapa hasil penelitian mengenai efek protektif kefir sebagai probiotik dan agen antioksidan pada organ reproduksi hewan coba betina dan jantan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan penelurusan data sekunder. Data yang diambil pada tinjauan literatur kali ini berasal dari hasil penelitian eksperimental pada hewan coba. Sumber data didapatkan dari publikasi jurnal dengan kriteria true experimental, open access berbahasa Inggris yang terindeks Google Scholar dengan rentang waktu 2014-2024, jenis kefir yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah yang berbahan susu, dan efek proteksi kefir yang diteliti terhadap organ reproduksi hewan coba baik jantan maupun betina. Studi literatur menunjukkan efek protektif kefir pada organ reproduksi ovarium, uterus, testis, dan karakteristik air mani hewan coba.
Research on the Effects of Public Cultural Service Equalization Policies
Authors: Tu Bin , XuZeng* Manni , Cai Qingkai
Published: January 2025

Public cultural services are an essential component of a spiritually and culturally rich life, significantly contributing to enhancing the cultural level of the population, improving quality of life, and fostering a sense of happiness, which in turn drives social development. Recently, public cultural services have increasingly become a central focus of government initiatives. This study uses the "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of a Modern Public Cultural Service System" (State Council, 2015) as a case study, selecting evaluation indicators from both input and output perspectives. It analyzes panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2018, employing synthetic control methods and equalization coefficient approaches to assess the effectiveness of public cultural service equalization policies. The findings reveal that the impacts of public cultural service equalization policies are not significant. Further analysis of influencing factors indicates that education level (illiteracy rate) has the most substantial effect on the degree of public cultural service equalization, followed by the government’s prioritization (the proportion of public cultural service expenditures to total public service expenditures), and lastly, economic development level (Gross Domestic Product, GDP). Based on these findings, the paper recommends reducing the illiteracy rate, increasing government investment, and promoting coordinated economic development.
From observation to operation: the role of lab spaces in Biodesign practice - Appendix
Authors: Ihls Julia , Pollini Barbara
Published: January 2025

Biodesign is an emerging field integrating design and science; its rise necessitates a reassessment of educational paths and working spaces for cross-disciplinary explorations, such as working with living materials and adhering to safety standards. The study of Ihls and Pollini (2025) examines laboratory environments dedicated to biodesign practice and education, varying from low-tech to high-tech setups and from university to community spaces, aiming to clarify the role of workspaces and infrastructures in supporting transdisciplinary research between design and science. The authors surveyed biodesign laboratories worldwide, addressing the current status quo of various lab configurations and their unique spatial typologies to accommodate biodesign's hybrid nature. The result is an overview of the socio-technical topos of the laboratory as a literal breeding ground for (future) biodesigners. This appendix shares the anonymised data reported in the study of Ihls and Pollini (2025), collected between May and July 2024, using Google Forms as a data collection tool to set up the open e-survey. The qualitative collected were further analysed in the full article (Ihls and Pollini, 2025) to enhance the understanding of biodesign labs by analysing the potential of various laboratory configurations to accommodate biodesign's hybrid nature, potentially developing unique spatial typologies.
Peran Pemerintah Desa dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Melalui Budidaya Ikan Bandeng di Desa Sambiroto Kecamatan Tayu Tahun 2023-2024
Authors: Della Safitri Arni
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran Pemerintah Desa Sambiroto dalam mewujudkan ketahanan pangan melalui budidaya ikan bandeng pada tahun 2023-2024. Ketahanan pangan merupakan isu strategis yang memerlukan kontribusi berbagai pihak, termasuk pemerintah desa. Di Desa Sambiroto, Kecamatan Tayu, budidaya ikan bandeng dipilih sebagai salah satu upaya lokal untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan karena komoditas ini memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan kandungan gizi yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran pemerintah desa mencakup penyediaan fasilitas, pelatihan, dan pendampingan teknis kepada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan keterampilan budidaya. pemerintah desa juga mendukung pemasaran produk agar lebih luas dan menguntungkan bagi pembudidaya. Kolaborasi dengan akademisi, LSM, dan industri perikanan juga memperkuat program ketahanan pangan ini melalui akses teknologi terbaru dan strategi pemasaran yang efektif. Kesimpulannya, peran aktif pemerintah desa dalam pendampingan dan pemasaran terbukti mendukung keberhasilan budidaya ikan bandeng sebagai upaya ketahanan pangan yang berkelanjutan
Acupuncture combined with multiple therapies for angina pectoris: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Kong Xiangyu , Gu You , Qiu Zhao
Published: January 2025

Objective

Acupuncture combined with multiple treatment modalities has been widely employed for treating angina pectoris. This paper compared the efficacy of acupuncture combined with multiple treatment modalities for angina pectoris by network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods

As of November 2023, this study searched eight electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture combined with multiple modalities for the treatment of angina pectoris based on antianginal therapies. Primary efficacy indicators included the number of angina episodes and duration of episodes, and secondary indicators included clinical efficacy based on symptom improvement and electrocardiographic efficacy based on ST-segment and T-wave improvement. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 (RoB 2.0) was used for risk of bias assessment. A random-effects Bayesian NMA was performed using R (version 4.3.1) and Stata (version 16.0).

Results

46 RCTs were enrolled, with 3976 patients with angina pectoris. In reducing the number of angina episodes, acupuncture [MD: −3.79; 95% CrI (−6.34, −1.31)] and acupuncture + TCM [MD: −3.06; 95% CrI (−5.49, −0.62)] were superior to antianginal therapies, with acupuncture having the best efficacy (SUCRA: 78.2%). In shortening the duration of angina episodes, electroacupuncture (EA) + traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was the most effective (SUCRA: 95.1%), superior to antianginal therapies [MD: −5.04; 95% CrI (−9.18, −0.89)], adjunctive therapy [MD: 7; 95% CrI (1.58, 12.39)], rehabilitation therapy [MD: −5.38; 95% CrI (−10.75, −0.05)], and warm acupuncture + adjunctive therapy [MD: −6.71; 95% CrI (−13, −0.48)]. In terms of clinical efficacy, thumbtack needling had the best efficacy (SUCRA: 82.1%), superior to TCM [RR: 1.3; 95% CrI (1.02, 1.69)] and antianginal therapies [RR: 0.75; 95% CrI (0.6,0.91)]. In electrocardiographic efficacy, EA showed the best efficacy (SUCRA: 92.9%), superior to antianginal therapies [RR: 0.52; 95% CrI (0.35, 0.71)] and acupuncture [RR: 0.62; 95% CrI (0.39, 0.91)].

Conclusion

Acupuncture performs best in reducing anginal episodes; EA + TCM is the most effective in shortening the duration of anginal episodes; thumbtack needling is the most effective in clinical efficacy; and EA shows optimal results in electrocardiographic efficacy. To further validate these findings, multicenter and large-sample RCTs are needed.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO [CRD42024505456].
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of left bundle branch area pacing on right ventricular function
Authors: Yin Lei , Wang Lianxia , Meng Jiankang , Liu Qian , Zhang Yan , Zhao Yanlei , Li Mingwang , You Ling
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to systematically evaluate and perform a meta-analysis on the effects of LBBAP on right ventricular (RV) function by collecting data on Right Ventricular Fractional Area Change (RV-FAC), Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE), Interventricular Mechanical Delay (IVMD), and the incidence of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) worsening in Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) patients.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted for studies published from the establishment of the respective databases until October 2024 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. After screening and data extraction, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for the quality assessment of the included cohort studies, and meta-analysis was performed using R software. The effect size was estimated using either a random-effect model or a fixed-effect model, with odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD).

Results

A total of 14 studies were included, analyzing 1,555 LBBAP patients. The meta-analysis revealed that compared with intrinsic conduction, LBBAP implantation significantly improved RV-FAC (MD = 1.93; 95% CI: 0.64–3.23, P = 0.0034) and TAPSE (MD = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.07–2.06, P < 0.0001). Compared to the RVP group, LBBAP implantation significantly shortened IVMD (MD = −21.27; 95% CI: −31.33 to −11.22, P < 0.0001). For patients with RV dysfunction or right bundle branch block (RBBB), LBBAP implantation also significantly reduced IVMD (MD = −31.31; 95% CI: −37.10 to −25.52, P < 0.0001). The incidence of TR worsening within one year after LBBAP was approximately 8%, increasing to 23% beyond one year.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis demonstrates the superiority of LBBAP over intrinsic conduction in improving RV systolic function. Compared to RVP, LBBAP significantly enhances biventricular synchronization. Furthermore, LBBAP also improves ventricular synchronization in patients with RV dysfunction or RBBB.
Ultrasound and histopathological assessment of benign, borderline, and malignant thyroid tumors in pediatric patients: an illustrative review and literature overview
Authors: Januś Dominika , Kujdowicz Monika , Kiszka-Wiłkojć Aleksandra , Kaleta Konrad , Taczanowska-Niemczuk Anna , Radliński Jan , Możdżeń Kamil , Nowak Zuzanna , Górecki Wojciech , Starzyk Jerzy B.
Published: January 2025

Background

The risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules is higher in children than in adults, often necessitating a more aggressive endocrine and surgical approach. However, given that not all solid thyroid nodules are malignant, a more conservative approach may also be appropriate in certain cases.

Objective

This study aims to present an illustrative analysis of the pathological foundations underlying the sonographic appearance of benign, borderline, and malignant thyroid nodules in the pediatric population at a single tertiary thyroid center.

Methods

A total of 47 well-documented pediatric patients referred for thyroid surgery between 2010 and 2023 were analyzed. This retrospective assessment included an examination of demographic data, hormonal profiles, ultrasound findings, and histopathology reports.

Results

Ultrasound and histopathology of thyroid nodules provided insights into subgroup differentiation. Benign nodules like dyshormonogenetic goiter showed solid hypoechoic features on ultrasound and dense fibrosis on histopathology, while thyroid follicular nodular disease exhibited isoechoic nodules with halos, histologically revealing dilated follicles. In borderline tumors, well-differentiated tumor of uncertain malignant potential (WDT-UMP) nodules were hypo/hyperechoic with occasional capsular invasion, resembling papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) features histologically. Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) appeared as well-defined hypoechoic nodules with a hypoechoic rim, with histology showing follicular architecture and PTC nuclear features, but no invasion. Follicular tumor of uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMP) displayed hypo/hyperechoic patterns and indistinct borders, with uncertain capsular invasion and no PTC nuclear features. Malignant lesions showed distinct patterns: PTC as hypoechoic, irregular nodules with mixed vascularization, follicular thyroid carcinoma as large, hyperechoic nodules with invasive features, and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) as heterogeneous hypoechoic masses.

Conclusion

Because of the significant overlap in sonographic features among benign, borderline, and certain malignant thyroid lesions in pediatric patients, ultrasonography alone is insufficient for accurate risk stratification. This overlap necessitates referrals for fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in children more frequently than in adults. Future studies utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to predict clinical outcomes in thyroid nodule diagnostics may offer new advancements, particularly given the increasing number of pediatric patients with solid thyroid lesions.
Elucidating the pharmacological foundations and mechanisms of the Sihai Shuyu formula in treating Graves’ disease through integrated serum metabolomics and network pharmacology with molecular docking techniques
Authors: Liu Xiaoju , Li Xingjia , Huang Wenbin , Cui Yifan , Cheng Fengyun , Chen Guofang , Mao Xiaodong , Liu Chao , Xu Shuhang
Published: January 2025

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The Sihai Shuyu Formula (SHSY) shows promising potential for treating Graves’ disease (GD), although the therapeutic mechanisms and pharmacological basis of SHSY have not been thoroughly evaluated.

Objective

This work is aim to investigate the pharmacological basis and mechanism of SHSY in the treatment of GD by integrating non-targeted serum metabolomics and network pharmacology coupled with molecular docking technology.

Materials and methods

GD was induced in mice through injections of Ad-TSH289. Treatments included methimazole, inorganic iodine, and both low and high doses of SHSY administered via gavage. At the end of the treatment period, serum levels of thyroxine (T4) and thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) were measured. Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining assessed the effects of these pharmacological interventions on thyroid gland tissues. Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used in conjunction with network pharmacology and molecular docking to identify and predict SHSY’s active chemical components and targets. A comprehensive analysis of the multi-level bioinformatic analysis, including protein-protein interactions (PPI) and functional pathways of the targets, was conducted, followed by verification through immunohistochemistry (IHC) to clarify SHSY’s pharmacological basis and action mechanisms in treating GD.

Results

After 8 weeks of treatment, SHSY significantly reduced serum T4 and TRAb levels in GD mice and enhanced the morphology of thyroid tissues. Comparative analysis of rat blood samples and SHSY using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS identified 19 blood-entry components, the potential active components of SHSY acting on GD. Further network pharmacological analysis indicated that SHSY targets the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through components such as PIK3CD, SRC, PIK3CA, HRAS, EGFR, PIK3R1, AKT1, PTPN11, and PIK3CB. Molecular docking confirmed the effective binding of SHSY’s components to these targets. IHC confirmed that the IGF1R/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is a significant therapeutic target of SHSY, with key substances including Guggulsterone, Betulinic aldehyde, and Forsythoside H.

Conclusions

SHSY appears to effectively treat GD through the IGF1R/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, with Guggulsterone, Betulinic aldehyde, and Forsythoside H as the critical pharmacological components. It may serve as an adjunctive treatment for GD alongside traditional therapies such as antithyroid medications, surgery, and radioiodine therapy.
Tocilizumab modulates the activity of the classical and alternative complement pathways in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Ferraz-Amaro Iván , Santos-Concepción Sergio , Castro-Hernández Javier , Hernández-Hernández Maria Vanesa , Tejera Segura Beatriz , Luna Cristina , Delgado-Frias Esmeralda , Díaz-González Federico
Published: January 2025

Background

Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes interleukin (IL)-6 and is indicated for diseases characterized by markedly elevated inflammatory markers, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The complement system has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of RA.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of systemic IL-6 inhibition on complement pathways functional activity in RA patients treated with TCZ.

Desing

Prospective non-interventional study.

Methods

Twenty-seven RA patients included in the TOCRIVAR study who received TCZ (8mg/kg IV/q4w) were evaluated at baseline and at weeks 12, 24 and 52 of treatment. Disease activity, as assessed by composite indices, acute phase reactants, and new-generation functional assays of the three complement pathways, was evaluated at baseline and at each follow-up visit. Multivariable linear mixed models were used to determine changes in the complement system cascades over time.

Results

After adjustment for disease activity, basal levels of the classical and alternative pathways decreased significantly after TCZ treatment. The effect on the classical pathway remained significant after 52 weeks. The decrease in the alternative pathway was significant at weeks 12 and 24, but not at week 52 of TCZ treatment. TCZ had no effect on the lectin cascade throughout the follow-up.

Conclusion

TCZ reduces the activity of the classical and alternative pathways of the complement system in RA patients regardless of the improvement in disease activity. This finding may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which the IL-6 blockade reduces disease activity in RA patients.
Exploration of the diagnostic and prognostic roles of decreased autoantibodies in lung cancer
Authors: Ye Ying , Huang Yi , Pan Jianbo
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Tumor-associated antigens (TAA) are proteins expressed during the growth and development of tumor cells, and TAA autoantibodies (TAAbs) can be detected in the serum of lung cancer patients, which can be utilized in the early screening of lung cancer. Almost all the TAAbs applied for diagnosis are those elevated, however, there are still large numbers of autoantibodies detected to decrease in tumor serums, and their functions were rarely known. Diagnosing malignant small lung nodules (≤3cm) in CT scans remains a challenge in clinical practice.

Methods

In this study, we applied the HuProt array and the bioinformatics analysis to assess the diagnostic values of the decreased autoantibodies in lung cancers.

Results

In total, 15 types of decreased autoantibodies were identified, and 6 of them were constructed into a predictive model for early lung cancer, reaching a sensitivity of 76.19% and a specificity of 55.74%. We combined with 4 elevated TAAbs, the sensitivity and the specificity of the 10-marker model can attain 80.0% and 87.0%, respectively, which is higher than that of the commonly used 7-TAAbs model in diagnosis for early-stage lung cancer. Moreover, 5 of the decreased autoantibodies can also be applied for supervising bone metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. A follow-up process for 13 patients diagnosed with early-stage lung cancer revealed that 10 of the 15 decreased autoantibodies would recover to a higher level after the tumor was resected. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the 15 biomarkers were strongly correlated with the prognosis of lung cancer patients.

Conclusion

We confirmed the importance of the decreased autoantibodies in lung cancer, providing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Dynamics and drivers of the carbonate system: response to terrestrial runoff and upwelling along the Northeastern Colombian Caribbean coast
Authors: Ricaurte-Villota Constanza , Murcia-Riaño Magnolia , Hernádez-Ayón José Martín
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study investigated the variability and main drivers of the carbonate system in Gayraca Bay and Chengue Bay, located on the northeastern Caribbean coast of Colombia, through monthly measurements of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), pH, total alkalinity (TA), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from 2017 to 2022. Statistical analyses and Taylor series decomposition were employed to determine the seasonal and interannual contributions of sea surface temperature, salinity, TA, and DIC to changes in pCO2, pH, and calcium carbonate saturation state (Ω).

Results

The results showed significant seasonal variability influenced by annual changes in coastal upwelling, rainfall, and river runoff. Low/high pH and Ω values were associated with high/low DIC and TA values during the dry and wet seasons, respectively, while pCO2 exhibited an opposite pattern. During El Niño, negative anomalies in coastal upwelling produced negative anomalies in pCO2 and positive anomalies in Ω, DIC, and TA. Conversely, during La Niña, alternating periods of positive rainfall and upwelling anomalies were observed. Higher rainfall corresponded to negative anomalies in pCO2, DIC, and TA and positive anomalies in Ω, whereas stronger upwelling led to opposite trends. In early 2022, undersaturated levels of Ωcalc and Ωarag (<1) were observed, which could affect coral calcification and pose risks in future climate change scenarios. Taylor series decomposition analysis identified TA and DIC as primary drivers of carbonate system variability, modulated by seasonal and interannual changes in rainfall and river runoff, which are influenced by ENSO events. The observed trends in pH and pCO2 were driven by a decrease in DIC and TA, attributed to increased river runoff, contrasting with typical ocean acidification trends driven by rising atmospheric CO2 levels.

Discussion

This highlights the region's unique dynamics and underscores the importance of local studies. This study provides a novel 6-year time-series dataset for the carbonate system in the Colombian Caribbean, offering a valuable baseline for assessing the impacts of global warming and ocean acidification in the region.
Sepsis in Internal Medicine: blood culture-based subtypes, hospital outcomes, and predictive biomarkers
Authors: Zizzo Gaetano , Guazzardi Gabriele , Bompane Daniela , Di Terlizzi Francesco , Rotola Giorgio , Stefani Ilario , Medugno Michela , Bucalo Mario , Mazzone Antonino
Published: January 2025

Background

Sepsis is a challenging condition increasingly managed in medical wards, however literature and clinical evidence in this hospital setting are lacking.

Methods

Using the computational i2b2 framework, we retrospectively analyzed data from patients admitted to internal medicine units of four hospitals in Lombardy (Italy) between January 2012 and December 2023, with a discharge diagnosis of sepsis, septic shock, or septicemia.

Results

A total of 4,375 patients were recruited. Median length of stay (LOS) was 14 days, and mean ward-to-intensive care unit (ICU) transfer and in-hospital mortality rates were 11 and 26%, respectively; significant differences were observed over the years, with LOS peaks preceding mortality peaks by 1 year. Blood culture-negative sepses showed shorter stays and higher mortality (acute kidney injury and fast deterioration) compared to culture-positive ones; polymicrobial sepses showed higher ICU transfer rates (acute respiratory distress); while multidrug-resistant (MDR+) and/or polymicrobial sepses showed longer stays and higher mortality (complicated course) compared to drug-sensitive or monomicrobial ones. C-reactive protein elevation predicted rapidly evolving culture-negative sepsis, whereas lower leukocyte counts predicted prolonged hospitalization; higher fractions of inspired oxygen predicted polymicrobial sepsis, while lactate elevation predicted ICU transfer; ferritin elevation and increased leukocyte counts predicted MDR+ sepsis, while further ferritin elevation and decreased platelet counts predicted death. From 2016 to 2023, MDR+ sepsis frequency declined, due to decreased resistance to several antibiotic classes, such as cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides; however, carbapenemase- and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria, as well as vancomycin-resistant enterococci, increased, as did the frequency of polymicrobial sepsis following the COVID-19 outbreak.

Conclusion

This work provides novel insights into sepsis management in internal medicine units, highlighting the need for validated biomarkers and implemented therapies in this scenario.
Diagnostic value and safety of contact laser-assisted endobronchial ultrasound-guided tunnel drilling biopsy in mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhan Wenyu , Wang Tian , Yang Changqing , Wang Yubao , Wan Nansheng , Feng Jing
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathies are primarily diagnosed pathologically. Contact laser-assisted endobronchial ultrasound-guided tunnel drilling biopsy (EBUS-TDB), which uses a laser as a tunneling and incision tool, may yield more satisfactory specimens than conventional endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), thereby improving the diagnostic yield. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value and safety of contact laser-assisted EBUS-TDB compared to EBUS-TBNA in the assessment of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients who presented to our hospital between October 2022 and April 2024 with mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes of short diameter ≥ 1 cm on computed tomography (CT) or abnormally increased lymph node metabolism on positron emission tomography (PET)-CT. All patients underwent both EBUS-TBNA and EBUS-TDB procedures successively.

Results

Overall, 278 patients were included in the study, and 244 cases were confirmed. The diagnostic rates (p-values) for EBUS-TDB and EBUS-TBNA in pulmonary and extrapulmonary malignancies, lymphoma, sarcoidosis, and lymph node tuberculosis were 96.6% vs. 76.3% (0.043), 100% vs. 67.7% (−), 88.9% vs. 31.1% (0.555), and 69.2% vs. 30.8% (0.049), respectively. No serious adverse events occurred during or after either procedure.

Conclusion

Contact laser-assisted EBUS-TBNB demonstrates superior diagnostic performance compared to EBUS-TBNA for the evaluation of mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes, making it an alternative to EBUS-TBNA for enhanced diagnostic precision.
Development and validation of a LAMP-based method for rapid and reliable detection of Xanthomonas albilineans, the causal agent of sugarcane leaf scald
Authors: Chakraborty Moutoshi , Bhuiyan Shamsul Arafin , Strachan Simon , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Ford Rebecca
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Xanthomonas albilineans (Xalb)-induced leaf scald (LS) is a significant bacterial disease affecting sugarcane and posing a global threat to the sugarcane industry. The presence of irregular symptoms makes traditional phenotypic detection difficult, and molecular methods necessitate costly equipment, labor, and extended sample-to-answer processing times.

Methods

This study introduces an innovative rapid DNA isolation method requiring no reagents, combined with an isothermal amplification-based assay for efficient detection of Xalb DNA in sugarcane xylem sap, leaf tissue, and meristematic tissue samples. Sugarcane samples from infected plants were subjected to heat lysis, followed by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based fluorescence and colorimetric quantification within a single microcentrifuge tube.

Results

The method exhibited exceptional detection sensitivity (detecting as low as 1 cell/μL), reproducibility [with a standard deviation (SD) of <5% for n = 3], and a broad linear dynamic range (10 pM to 1 aM or 107–100 copies/μL, r = 0.99). Quantification of Xalb was accurately correlated with sugarcane cultivar disease ratings. Validation using qPCR showed 91–98% agreement. This assay also effectively determined optimal sampling times and plant parts by monitoring the progression of the disease over time.

Discussion

This diagnostic assay holds significant potential as a commercial opportunity for a kit-based DNA extraction/purification-free molecular detection alternative. It can be adapted into a handheld device, enabling on-farm detection and quantification of the pathogen responsible for LS disease.
Cerebellar-cerebral circuits functional connectivity in patients with cognitive impairment after basal ganglia stroke: a pilot study
Authors: Zuo Lijun , Lan Xinlong , Zhou Yijun , Liu Hao , Hu Yang , Wang Yongjun , Liu Tao , Li Zixiao
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study aims to assess the pattern of functional connectivity (FC) between cerebellar subregions, the basal ganglia (BG), and the cortex, and explore the relationship between FC patterns and cognitive function after stroke with BG infarcts.

Methods

A total of 39 stroke patients and 29 healthy controls were recruited. Four cerebellar seed points were selected, and the FC of each seed point with other voxels in the whole brain was calculated. FC and cognitive performance were compared between the two groups, and their correlations were analyzed.

Results

Stroke patients exhibited increased FC between the bilateral cerebellum IX and BG (particularly the head of the caudate nucleus), which was positively correlated with episodic memory, visuospatial ability, and attention. Increased FC was also observed between the right cerebellum Crus I/II and BG, as well as the bilateral cerebellum VI and BG, correlating positively with episodic memory. Conversely, decreased FC was identified between the bilateral cerebellum IX and the right caudal cuneus, which negatively correlated with episodic memory, language, and attention but positively correlated with executive function. Additionally, increased FC between the bilateral cerebellum VI and the bilateral inferior parietal lobule was associated with improvements in episodic memory, language, and attention. Decreased FC was observed between the right cerebellum VI and the left insula, as well as between the right cerebellum Crus I/II and the left insula, which negatively correlated with episodic memory.

Discussion

The enhanced FC between the cerebellum and BG, along with the reorganization of new neural circuits involving the cerebellar cortex, may contribute to cognitive recovery following stroke. These changes may represent compensatory mechanisms of the cerebellum in response to stroke injury.
Evaluating NfL and NTproBNP as predictive biomarkers of intracranial injuries after mild traumatic brain injury in children presenting to emergency departments
Authors: Chiollaz Anne-Cécile , Pouillard Virginie , Seiler Michelle , Habre Céline , Romano Fabrizio , Ritter Schenck Céline , Spigariol Fabian , Korff Christian , Maréchal Fabienne , Wyss Verena , Gruaz Lyssia , Montaner Joan , Sanchez Jean-Charles , Manzano Sergio
Published: January 2025

Objective

Blood-biomarkers have the potential to aid clinicians in pediatric emergency departments (PED) in managing children with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) acutely. However, studies focusing on pediatric populations remain limited. We aim to assess the performances of two routinely used biomarkers in other fields: the neurofilament light chain protein (NfL), and the N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), to safely discharge children without intracranial injuries (ICIs).

Methods

A prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted, enrolling children suffering from mTBI, both with and without imaging during their acute management in the PED. A blood sample was collected within 24 h post-trauma for biomarker analysis. Inclusion criteria followed the PECARN (Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network) guidelines for the diagnosis of mTBI and for ICI on CT as the primary outcome (CT+).

Results

A total of 302 mTBI patients were analyzed comparing children with ICI (18 CT+) versus all the other children without ICI (54 CT− and 230 in-hospital-observation patients without CT). NfL and NTproBNP were increased in the CT+ group and their performances to safely rule-out patient without ICI reached up to 30% specificity with 100% sensitivity. Equivalent performances were observed whether selecting patients with blood collection within 6 h or 24 h post-trauma.

Conclusion

NfL and NTproBNP were described for the first time in children suffering mTBI. Their performances were comparable to well-known biomarkers, such as S100b, GFAP, or HFABP, with the benefit of already being used in routine tests for other diseases. Further large-scale studies are necessary to verify and validate these results.
Network analysis of headache diagnoses using international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Berk Thomas
Published: January 2025

Background and objective

The International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third Edition (ICHD-3), significantly influences clinicians’ understanding of headache disorders. In this study, we aim to elucidate how the hierarchical structure of ICHD-3 shapes the understanding of interconnectivity among headache disorders.

Methods

A network comprises elements known as “nodes,” with the connections between them referred to as “edges.” In our study, a node represents a headache diagnosis that meets at least one ICHD-3 diagnostic criterion of the ICHD-3. We developed two network models for ICHD-3: a non-hierarchical model, where edges are only formed by cross-references found within the text of diagnoses, and a hierarchical model that incorporates the ICHD-3’s structural organization by adding extra edges between sections and their subsections. We identified the top 10 disorders in terms of their centrality, which assesses their popularity, their role as bridges in the network, and their proximity to other disorders. These measurements are calculated using the network’s degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality.

Results

Both our models contain 387 nodes. The choice between a non-hierarchical or hierarchical model affects which diagnoses occupy the top 10 centrality nodes. In both models, migraine and medication-overuse headaches consistently rank among the top 10 diagnoses according to all three centrality metrics. The hierarchical model includes a greater number of secondary headache diagnoses among its top 10 compared to the non-hierarchical model.

Conclusion

Migraine and medication overuse headaches are the most interconnected nodes in ICHD-3. The addition of a diagnostic hierarchy facilitates the unification of secondary headaches, which would otherwise be considered isolated, miscellaneous diagnoses. When interconnected hierarchically, these secondary headache diagnoses become the majority of the most well-connected nodes in our field.