bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado da arte das questões socioambientais urbanas nos eventos científicos da Geografia brasileira (2008-2017)
Authors: Silva Francisco Jonh Lennon Tavares da , Aquino Cláudia Maria Sabóia de
Published: September 2020

Este artigo analisa o estado da arte das questões socioambientais urbanas em eventos científicos da Geografia brasileira selecionados: Simpósio Brasileiro de Geografia Física Aplicada, Simpósio Brasileiro de Climatologia Geográfica e Simpósio Nacional de Geomorfologia. Sistematizou-se a produção científica dos referidos eventos com base no método da análise de conteúdo. Sete enfoques temáticos ganham realce no atual estado do conhecimento: (i) riscos e vulne- rabilidades socioambientais, (ii) degradação dos recursos hídricos, (iii) qualidade socioambiental urbana, (iv) conflitos socioambientais urbanos, (v) eventos pluviais extremos, (vi) resíduos sólidos urbanos e (vii) ambiente urbano e saúde. Entre outras particularidades e tendências, destacam-se: (i) prevalência de pesquisas em municípios de porte populacional médio-grande, (ii) predomínio de pesquisas nas escalas da zona urbana, bairro e bacia hidrográfica, (iii) diversidade da forma- ção acadêmica dos pesquisadores e (iv) concentração da produção científica no Sudeste do Brasil, seguida pelas regiões Nordeste, Sul, Centro-Oeste e Norte.
O processo histórico de ocupação e de ocorrência de enchentes na planície fluvial do rio Pinheiros de 1930 até os dias atuais
Authors: Luz Rodolfo Alves da , Rodrigues Cleide
Published: September 2020

O processo de urbanização de São Paulo impôs grandes modificações em seus sistemas fluviais originais, sendo um exemplo fundamental o caso do Rio Pinheiros. Do ponto de vista das mudanças geomorfológicas, esse processo pode ser sistematizado em três momentos: até a década de 1930; da década de 1930 a de 1990 e; da década de 1990 aos dias atuais. Apesar das enchentes serem um problema constante e resistente para a região, projetos que buscavam diminuir seus impactos por meio da preservação de setores da planície foram, e ainda são ignorados pelos gestores da cidade. Esse artigo demonstra como a preservação de remanescentes do sistema fluvial e a recuperação das funções hidrológicas perdidas são essenciais para a regeneração urbana, enfatizando-se a planície fluvial do Rio Pinheiros e a questão da necessidade de uma mudança radical de lógica no uso e ocupação de planícies fluviais como a do Pinheiros.
Da construção socioespacial dos mercados aos avanços da financeirização
Authors: Magalhães Felipe Nunes Coelho
Published: September 2020

O artigo propõe contribuições a dois debates atuais no âmbito da geografia econômica: a nova geografia dos mercados, vertente que teoriza a centralidade do agenciamento proativo de novos mercados para a dinâmica de expansão capitalista em perspectiva socioespacial, e busca reposicionar a categoria mercado na teoria crítica (para além da oposição entre simples apologia e a simples condenação), e a teorização em torno do processo de financeirização do espaço, processo fundamental tanto nas relações contemporâneas entre espaço e economia quanto na reprodução ampliada do sistema econômico vigente de modo mais geral. Analisa-se também o aprofundamento da financeirização do espaço em suas rodadas atuais, relacionadas ao extrativismo rentista estendido na direção das economias populares e ao chamado capitalismo de plataformas nas metrópoles.
Operário, tome a máquina! Tome a terra, camponês!
Authors: Nabarro Sergio Aparecido
Published: September 2020

Resenha do texto de Élisée Reclus "Operário, tome a máquina! Tome a terra, camponês!"
Características e comportamento populacional frente às secas: estatística multivariada dos municípios do Alto Vale da Sub-bacia do rio Piracuruca (CE-PI)
Authors: Santos Francílio De Amorim dos , Cruz Maria Lucia Brito da
Published: September 2020

A pesquisa buscou realizar análise de variáveis demográficas, estrutura etária e gênero, educacionais e renda, por meio de análise fatorial e método análise de componentes principais, para conhecimento das características e do comportamento populacional dos municípios do Alto Vale da Sub-bacia do rio Piracuruca, como possibilidade para estudo das secas. O estudo configura-se como descritivo, exibe abordagem quantitativa e utilizou-se de técnicas estatísticas para manuseio das informações adquiridas, particularmente ligadas à estatística multivariada e emprego da análise de componentes principais. Por meio da metodologia foi possível extrair 4 Fatores dentre as 15 variáveis iniciais, onde o Fator 1 (ligado ao rendimento mensal, pessoas alfabetizadas e estrutura etária) e o Fator 2 (associado à renda do domicílio) contribuíram positivamente para redução da Criticidade, enquanto o Fator 3 (pessoas residentes e sem rendimento) e o Fator 4 (densidade populacional) contribuíram para aumentar o nível de Criticidade. Desse modo, quando integrados esses 4 Fatores identificou-se que em 48,0% dos setores do Alto Vale ocorre alta a muito alta Criticidade, evidenciando a necessidade de investimentos em áreas estratégicas, para redução do grau de Criticidade frente à ocorrência de secas.
Dinâmica superficial em uma bacia de drenagem semiárida mediante o uso do césio-137: estudo de caso da bacia do riacho Salgado-PE
Authors: Correa Antonio Carlos De Barros , Azambuja Renata Nunes
Published: September 2020

A dinâmica superficial de uma pequena bacia hidrográfica semiárida foi aferida com o objetivo de verificar as relações entre os sedimentos recentes, uso da terra, e processos superficiais. Para interpretar estas interconexões aferiu-se a redistribuição de sedimentos sobre perfis transversais, do interflúvio à base da encosta limítrofe ao canal, a partir da distribuição do inventário do césio-137 até 12 cm de profundidade. Os resultados obtidos pelo método proporcional e balanço simplificado de massa apontaram para níveis máximos de erosão na base das encostas entre 6-9 cm de profundidade, alcançando 27,05 ± 9,5 t ha-1 a.-1. Na superfície o máximo atingindo foi de 12,7 ± 5,8 t ha-1 a.-1. As taxas de erosão ao longo dos perfis indicam que a bacia se enquadra nos sistemas naturalmente erosivos de Schumm, mesmo em áreas sob caatinga arbustiva conservada. As taxas totais variaram de 6 a 60 t ha-1 a.-1.
São Paulo à venda: ultraneoliberalismo urbano, privatização e acumulação de capital (2017-2020)
Authors: Prieto Gustavo Francisco Teixeira , Laczynski Patrícia
Published: September 2020

O artigo analisa a venda da cidade como política pública e a experiência de desmanche neoliberal a partir da análise da gestão 2017-2020 da Prefeitura de São Paulo. O projeto de desestatização do atual governo é interpretado a partir do entendimento do neoliberalismo como doutrina e ideologia crescente e perene, verificando os novos fundamentos urbanos da acumulação de capital no século XXI. O acompanhamento do processo de venda da cidade de São Paulo permitiu entender como as políticas públicas implementadas impactam diretamente os processos de privatização, privação e mercantilização do espaço e na vida cotidiana. A lógica neoliberal e a valorização do privado se realizam como um negócio urbano que deteriora o sentido democrático da cidade, negando o espaço público, e subsumindo a política à economia num novo momento de expansão das relações capitalistas que denominamos de ultraneoliberalismo urbano.
Nas trilhas da escrita ensaística de Lem: anotações do tradutor
Authors: Siewierski Henryk
Published: September 2020

O artigo apresenta as anotações à margem do trabalho de seleção e tradução dos ensaios de Stanisław Lem para o português, iniciado em 2014. Resultantes da convivência com a obra do autor e seus contextos, da reflexão durante a leitura e tradução, as anotações apontam diversos temase ideias da obra ensaística deste clássico da Ficção Científica do século XX, considerado também inovador do ensaio científico pelo uso singular de recursos literários.
Agradecimentos de Permissões
Authors: K Abhay
Published: September 2020

Todos os poemas inclusos nesta antologia foram contribuições voluntárias dos poetas e/ou seus tradutores.
The Critically Endangered White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis in Sigur Plateau, Western Ghats, India: Population, breeding ecology, and threats
Authors: Samson Arockianathan , Ramakrishnan Balasundaram
Published: September 2020

The present study aimed to assess the population status, breeding ecology, and conservation threats of Critically Endangered White-rumped Vulture in Sigur Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India from June 2011 to May 2012. The population of White-rumped vulture was estimated in the roosting and nesting sites twice in a month. Nesting colonies were systematically visited four times in a month during the breeding season to study nesting and breeding ecology. Carcasses and vulture counting was done by opportunistic count method. Two sets of questionnaires namely ‘precise and closed’ and ‘broad and open-ended’ were developed to asses the people’s perception on vulture conservation.  The overall population of White-rumped Vultures was estimated about 70 to 115 individuals.  In total, 68 nests were observed in two nesting colonies. Most of the nests (97%) were recorded on Terminalia arjuna and only 3% on Spondias mangifera. Among the 68 constructed nests, 34 were incubated and 30 chicks were fledged out from the nests with 88% breeding success. Feeding behavior was observed from 28 carcasses, Vultures were attended only 15 caracasses an average of 56.04±3.29 individuals of vultures were recorded. Interestingly, Elephant (61.8±5.1) and Indian Gaur (58.5±0.3) carcasses were attracted in greater numbers of vultures in susiquent days (3.5±0.2) than other carcasses. People’s attitude to vulture conservation was positive and useful in 90.82% of the cases (n=99). Cattle carcass disposal method favored to vultures in these regions.  The Sigur Plateau to be declared as “Vulture Sanctuary” in order to legally protect and conserve the country’s southern-most wild and viable Critically Endangered White-rumped Vulture population in the landscape.
A checklist of butterfly fauna of Bankura Town, West Bengal, India
Authors: Nayak Ananya
Published: September 2020

The present study on butterflies was conducted in different habitat types in Bankura Town along the banks of Gandheswari and Dwarakeswar rivers for 24 months from January 2017 to December 2018.  The results of the study recorded the presence of 1,273 individuals of butterflies belonging to 57 species and 42 genera in six families.  The study recorded 20 species of butterflies under Nymphalidae, 14 species under Lycaenidae, 10 species under Pieridae, eight species under Hesperiidae, six species under Papilionidae, and only one species under Riodinidae. The present study provides a preliminary report on the butterfly diversity of Bankura Town which in turn may generate awareness among the local people and government about the importance of these essential pollinators and their conservation.
Contribution to the Macromycetes of West Bengal, India: 69–73
Authors: Das Diptosh , Pradhan Prakash , Ray Debal , Roy Anirban , Acharya Krishnendu
Published: September 2020

The varied topography, soil and climate of West Bengal makes conducive conditions of macrofungal habitats nurturing magnificent diversity.  During exploration of macro-fungal diversity in Terai Duars region of the state during 2017–18, basidiocarps of different kinds of the genus Lentinus (Polyporaceae) were collected, photographed along with macro-morphological and ecological notes.  The specimens were identified through macro and micro-morphological characters following standard literature.  Five species of the genus Lentinus (L. araucariae, L. fasciatus, L. polychrous, L. sajor-caju, and L. squarrosulus) were identified which are presented in this paper along with amplified description, necessary figures and photographs.  Literature survey revealed that out of five identified species, L. araucariae and L. fasciatus represent new distributional record for India.  The outcome of the present study would enrich data related to the macro-fungal diversity from the state of West Bengal.
Killer Whale Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae) predation on Sperm Whales Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Physeteridae) in the Gulf of Mannar, Sri Lanka
Authors: Nanayakkara Ranil P. , Sutton Andrew , Hoare Philip , Jefferson Thomas A.
Published: September 2020

To date in Sri Lankan waters, there has been limited research on Killer Whales.  These animals have been recorded almost all around the island, except in the northernmost waters and in Palk Bay.  The highest observed concentrations are from the northeastern, south/southwestern and northwestern coastal waters of Sri Lanka.  These have come from both opportunistic observations and dedicated scientific surveys.  Seasonal trends in sightings in some locations suggest fairly consistent occupancy.  Transient Killer Whales have been documented attacking/killing Sperm Whales from many geographic locations around the world.  To date, there is only one published account of Killer Whales feeding in Sri Lankan waters.  Our paper presents, for the first time, field observations of Killer Whales preying upon superpods of Sperm Whales in the waters off the Kalpitiya Peninsula (eastern half of the Gulf of Mannar), northwestern Sri Lanka.  The incidents took place on two separate occasions during the months of March and April, 2017.
Breeding biology of Malabar Tree Toad Pedostibes tuberculosus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Castle Rock, Karnataka, India
Authors: Gaitonde Nikhil , Deshpande Deepak
Published: September 2020

The Malabar Tree Toad Pedostibes tuberculosus Günther, 1876 is an endemic and endangered species from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, however, its reproductive biology is barely understood.  In 2018, we opportunistically encountered a breeding aggregation of P. tuberculosus at Castlerock, Karnataka, and recorded its breeding behavior.  We found P. tuberculosus in the northern Western Ghats to aggregate in choruses and breed for a short duration (a couple of nights).  Males physically competed in short duels to gain access to females.  The males clasped the females around the armpits in a tight axillary amplexus lasting an entire night.  The female in an overnight amplexus laid approximately 150 eggs.  We observed the tadpoles to rapidly develop and complete metamorphosis within a month.  We highlight the variation in reproductive traits in populations of P. tuberculosus distributed along the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot which will aid in conservation and systematics of this species group.
Five new species of trap-door spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) from India
Authors: Siliwal Manju , Rajshekhar Hippargi  , Archana Yadav  , Dolly Kumar
Published: September 2020

The family Idiopidae is dominated by the subfamily Idiopinae with 106 species recorded from the world; 20 species (five species of Helgimomerus, 12 species of Idiops, and three species of Scalidognathus) are reported from India.  In this paper, we describe a new species of Heligmomerus wii from Dehradun, Uttarakhand and four new species of Idiops:  Idiops bonny, Idiops reshma, & Idiops sally from Dangs, Gujarat and Idiops vankhede from Maharashtra.
Commercially and medicinally significant aquatic macrophytes: potential for improving livelihood security of indigenous communities in northern Bihar, India
Authors: Raut Shailendra , Gupta Nishikant , Everard Mark , Singh Indu Shekhar
Published: September 2020

The dispersed wetlands in the Darbhanga District of northern Bihar, India, provide a diversity of niches supporting substantial floral and faunal richness.  The aquatic macrophytes of a representative range of perennial water bodies were surveyed fortnightly from June to September 2019, supported by a market survey undertaken with local stakeholders. A total of 61 species of vascular macrophytes was recorded, the majority of them Angiosperms (33 species of Dicotyledons from 21 families, and 26 Monocotyledons from 13 families) and two were Pteridophytes.  This paper highlights the distribution pattern and potential commercial and medicinal values of aquatic macrophytes found in different wetland systems in northern Bihar.  It further stresses their importance for subsistence, medicinal and economic purposes supporting the livelihoods of local people.  Current trends and risks contributing to the degradation and loss of this diverse flora and its supporting habitats are considered.  We recommend further assessment of the occurrence and values of this botanical resource, and extension of valuation to encompass the diverse additional ecosystem service benefits provided by the region’s wetland systems, as a basis for wetland conservation strategies founded on sustainable management and wise use, with particular reference to the potential for enhancing livelihood security of indigenous communities.
First record of Ourapteryx dierli Inoue, 1994 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) from India
Authors: Sondhi Sanjay , Basu Dipendra Nath , Kunte Krushnamegh
Published: September 2020

Ourapteryx dierli Inoue, 1994, a geometrid moth known only from Nepal, is recorded from Uttarakhand, India.
Range extension and first confirmed record of the Flightless Anomalure Zenkerella insignis (Matschie, 1898) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Anomaluridae) in Nigeria
Authors: Adejumo Dolapo Oluwafemi , Adeyanju Temidaya Adeniyi , Adeyanju Taiye Esther
Published: September 2020

The Cameroon Scaly-tail Zenkerella insignis is the only known extant species in the family Zenkerellidae.  It is a rare mammal endemic to the thick rainforests of central and western Africa.  This species is so rarely encountered that the first picture of a live specimen was taken in 2015.  We encountered and photographed the elusive scaly-tail in the core zone of Omo Forest Reserve in Nigeria in May 2019.  Its behaviour was also observed.  This sighting is the first record of the Cameroon Scaly-tail in Nigeria and a significant westward range extension.
Rapid multi-taxa assessment around Dhamapur Lake (Sindhudurg, Maharashtra, India) using citizen science reveals significant odonate records
Authors: Mujumdar Neha , Sawant Dattaprasad , Sumanapala Amila , Rangnekar Parag , Koparde Pankaj
Published: September 2020

In the present work, we discuss the results of a four-day long rapid survey around Dhamapur Lake and surrounding freshwater habitats in the Sindhudurg District of Maharashtra through public participation.  In total, 61 odonates, 51 butterflies, 17 species of amphibians and reptiles, 90 birds, and four mammals are documented.  Our observations taken over a brief time reflect the importance of citizen science in documenting local biodiversity.  We report involvement of citizen scientists in recovering significant odonate records for the state.
Leaf nutrients of two Cycas L. species contrast among in situ and ex situ locations
Authors: Marler Thomas E. , Lindstrom Anders
Published: September 2020

An understanding of leaf nutrient relations is required for tree conservation and horticulture success.  The study of cycad leaf nutrient dynamics has expanded in recent years, but direct comparisons among reports remains equivocal due to varying sampling protocols.  We used Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill and Cycas nongnoochiae K.D. Hill trees to determine the influence on leaf nutrient concentrations of in situ versus ex situ locations and orientation of leaves within the tree canopy.  Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations of leaves from ex situ plants exceeded those from in situ plants, and the differences were not explained by soil nutrient differences.  Calcium concentrations of leaves varied among the site pairs, with differences primarily explained by soil calcium.  Magnesium concentrations of leaves were not different among all location pairs even though soil magnesium concentrations varied among the sites more than any of the other elements.  Differences in leaf macronutrient concentrations among four C. micronesica provenances were minimal when grown in a common garden.  Lateral orientation of leaves did not influence any of the essential elements for either of the species.  These findings indicate that the lateral orientation of cycad leaves does not influence leaf nutrient concentrations, leaf nutrient relations of cycad plants in managed ex situ settings do not align with leaf nutrient relations in habitat, and these differences are not explained by soil nutrition for most elements.  We suggest that leaf nutrient concentrations should be determined in all niche habitats within the geographic range of a cycad species in order to fully understand the leaf physiology of each species.
First record of the Assam Leaf Turtle Cyclemys gemeli (Fritz et al. 2008) (Reptilia: Testudines: Geoemydidae) from the Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya, India
Authors: Pradhan Aditya , Chettri Niran , Sengupta Saibal
Published: September 2020

An individual of the Assam Leaf Turtle Cyclemys gemeli was sighted at an elevation of 580m in Darjeeling.  This is the first record of the species from the Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya, India.  Photographs and locality record of the sighting are provided in the present communication.
Championing Health Promoting Schools: A secondary school case study from Victoria, Australia
Authors: Meiklejohn Sarah , Peeters Anna , Palermo Claire
Published: September 2020

Objective:

School-based prevention interventions informed by the World Health Organization Health Promoting School (HPS) framework aim to improve the health and wellbeing of school-aged children, yet few studies describe factors influencing the successful implementation of this framework in secondary schools. This study sought to explore why and how secondary schools might implement the HPS framework and factors contributing to success.

Design:

Qualitative case study.

Setting:

A single secondary school in Victoria, Australia, purposefully selected due to local recognition of an HPS policy.

Method:

Data collection included semi-structured interviews, document retrieval, drawings and ethnographic observation. Data were analysed using framework analysis.

Results:

The school had elected to implement the policy as it aligned with its existing health and wellbeing policy framework and provided a flexible yet evidence-based framework to guide a whole-of-school approach to promoting health and wellbeing. Success was perceived to be dependent on selecting easier health priority areas to address initially, the allocation of a designated team to guide policy implementation and access to a skilled health promotion worker to assist implementation.

Conclusion:

Study findings highlight potential reasons why and how secondary schools might implement the HPS framework and factors contributing to success. Further research is warranted to enhance the transferability of these findings and explore the impact of the HPS framework in secondary schools.
HealthLit4Kids: Dilemmas associated with student health literacy development in the primary school setting
Authors: Nash Rose , Cruickshank Vaughan , Pill Shane , MacDonald Abbey , Coleman Cheryn , Elmer Shandell
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To ascertain teachers’ articulation and experiences of navigating dilemmas that inhibit and/or enable the fostering of health literacy in primary school settings.

Design:

Qualitative analysis of teachers’ written reflections on introducing health literacy into their school and classroom.

Setting:

Tasmania, Australia.

Method:

Eighty-four teachers in five primary schools participated in the HealthLit4Kids programme. Teacher reflections were collected at the conclusion of the first year of the programme and assessed using Windschitl’s Dilemmas to identify recurrent themes raised by the conceptual, pedagogic, cultural and political dilemmas teachers faced.

Results:

Key dilemmas faced by teachers concerned the development of a whole-of-school approach, student engagement and professional development.

Conclusion:

Internationally few health literacy programmes for primary schools exist. The theory developed from the themes identified in this study will inform future health literacy programme design and implementation strategies. Purposeful consideration of each theme will guide their success, scalability and sustainability. Future research on the role of constructivist teaching styles in health literacy development in the school setting is urgently required.
Internalized stigmatization and subjective recovery in individuals with chronic mental illness
Authors: Kaşli Seher , Al Orhan , Bademli Kerime
Published: September 2020

Background:

Individuals with mental illness, as they are stigmatized by society, are also stigmatized themselves, and this process is internalized. This may adversely affect the recovery process.

Aims:

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between internalized stigmatization and subjective recovery in patients with schizophrenic.

Method:

This research was performed for patients with schizophrenia at rehabilitation centers registered with the community mental health center. The survey was performed out with 94 patients in the recovery phase who met the inclusion criteria and who going to the center. Sociodemographic information form, internalized stigmatization scale and subjective recovery assessment scale were used in the collection of data.

Results:

In the study it was found that there is a relationship between internalized stigmatization and subjective recovery. Increased levels of internalized stigma patient outcome would decrease the level of recovery.

Conclusion:

It is recommended that nurses perform intervention programs to reduce internalized stigmatization in patients with schizophrenia.
Psychological torture: Characteristics and impact on mental health
Authors: El-Khoury Joseph , Haidar Riwa , Barkil-Oteo Andres
Published: September 2020

Torture has been illegal in most of Europe and the United States for over a century but persisted in other parts of the world. The changing geopolitical landscape has led to its resurgence in recent years. The public rejection of traditional forms of torture that rely on the infliction of physical pain has paradoxically increased the reliance on psychological methods of torture. This critical commentary aims to define and characterize psychological torture (PT) while exploring practical, legal, ethical and therapeutic implications relevant to clinicians and policymakers. Psychological torture comes in a range of forms. It is being increasingly justified and adopted by legitimate authorities in the name of national security. The emphasis on the avoidance of physical pain leads to the assumption that PT does not produce the levels of suffering and harm that are associated with physically violent forms of torture. This same assumption has allowed for the implication of mental health professionals in theorizing and providing legitimacy for the actions of perpetrators. Psychological torture is still poorly defined with limited understanding of its long-term psychiatric impact on those who are subjected to it. The role of mental health professionals in preventing or addressing psychological torture remains ambiguous and needs to be reinforced.
A DEVS-based pivotal modeling formalism and its verification and validation framework
Authors: Samuel Kehinde G , Bouare Nourou-Dine M , Maïga Oumar , Traoré Mamadou K
Published: September 2020

System verification is an ever-lasting system engineering challenge. The increasing complexity in system simulation requires some level of expertise in handling the idioms of logic and discrete mathematics to correctly drive a full verification process. It is recognized that visual modeling can help to fill the knowledge gap between system experts and analysis experts. However, such an approach has been used on the one hand to specify the behavior of complex systems, and on the other hand to specify complex requirement properties, but not simultaneously. This paper proposes a framework that is unique in supporting a full system verification process based on the graphical modeling of both the system of interest and the requirements to be checked. Patterns are defined to transform the resulting models to formal specifications that a model checker can manipulate. A real-time crossing system is used to illustrate the proposed framework.
Keeping a Promise: Roles, Audiences and Credibility in International Relations
Authors: Teles Fazendeiro Bernardo
Published: September 2020

States, governments and leaders often reject one another’s role prescriptions. They stick to enacting their role, what they consider to be their central purpose and main promise within a given international society. By applying the main tenets of role theory, this essay looks at the reasons why actors sometimes reject the prescriptions of others, including attempts at bargaining. Rather than claiming that those prescriptions are rejected on account of the pursuit of self-identity or ontological security, this essay suggests that those positions have more to do with defending the public credibility of one’s master role, the core promise made by an actor to (domestic and/or international) audiences. Master roles have to do with the main promises of an actor in a given social and political order, thereby providing credibility to a domestic and international audience. Without maintaining credibility, the actor is unlikely to be able to fulfil master and auxiliary roles as initially set out. The essay contributes to role theory in three ways: by looking beyond explanations centred on identification and ontological security, by conversely building upon public credibility, and also by showing how audiences and roles matter to illiberal regimes. To illustrate the argument, the essay addresses the government of Uzbekistan’s attempt to keep credibility in the face of Russian altercasting in the 1990s.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Video Head Impulse and Bi-Thermal Caloric Tests in Vertigo
Authors: Altunay Zeynep Onerci , Ozkarakas Haluk
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To compare video head impulse test (vHIT) and caloric test efficacy in decompensated and compensated vertigo patients and to further investigate whether vHIT alone can be used as a diagnostic tool in vertigo.

Methods:

This study included 25 patients diagnosed with vertigo and without any previous history of vertigo or hearing loss before their admission to our clinic. The control group consisted of 16 healthy adult volunteers. Patients were classified into 2 groups, compensated and decompensated. Video head impulse test and caloric tests were performed and the results were compared between the groups.

Results:

The difference of caloric test values between control-compensated groups and compensated-decompensated groups was statistically significant ( P < .001, Pearson χ2). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the compensated and control groups according to vHIT gain asymmetry values ( P = .087). In the very early stages of the disease with spontaneous nystagmus, the diagnostic significance of vHIT was similar to that of the caloric test. When both sides were compared, vHIT gain asymmetry values were close to the caloric test asymmetry values. In the compensated stage, caloric test was superior to vHIT in differentiating compensated vestibular pathologies. When vHIT sensitivity was evaluated according to the bi-thermal caloric test results, the sensitivity of the vHIT gain asymmetry value was 85.71% and 23.08% for decompensated and compensated patients respectively.

Conclusion:

In the early decompensated stages of the disease with spontaneous nystagmus, vHIT shows similar diagnostic accuracy to that of the caloric test. Since patients can tolerate vHIT more easily, our results suggest that vHIT can be considered as a primary evaluation method in the early (decompensated) period of the disease and should be preferred over the caloric test during the acute phase. Caloric test is more reliable at the compensated stage. Video head impulse test is inadequate in evaluating the compensated vestibular hypofunctional states after compensation has been restored.

Level of Evidence:

Level 2b
What to Do? Predicting Coping Strategies Following Ingroup Members’ Stereotypical Behaviors in Interracial Interactions
Authors: Taylor Valerie Jones , Yantis Caitlyn , Bonam Courtney , Hart Ayana
Published: September 2020

The current studies examine how witnessing stereotype-confirming ingroup behavior affects black Americans’ interactions with white Americans. Across three studies, black Americans indicated metaperceptual, emotional, and behavioral responses to witnessing a black person’s stereotypically negative, stereotypically positive, or nonstereotypically neutral behavior during an interracial (vs. intraracial) interaction. Following an ingroup member’s stereotypically negative (vs. stereotypically positive in Study 1, or nonstereotypically neutral in Studies 2–3) behavior during an interracial interaction, black Americans expressed greater metastereotypes, which increased intergroup anxiety, ultimately eliciting nuanced coping strategies: engagement/overcompensation, antagonism, freezing, or avoidance. Psychological resources attenuated anxiety’s effect on engagement/overcompensation (Studies 2–3) and freezing (Study 3). Both patterns were stronger in interracial (vs. intraracial) interactions (Study 3). This research demonstrates the central role of metaperceptions in interracial interactions, highlighting how stereotypically negative behaviors of nearby ingroup members are impactful situational stressors that affect behavioral intentions in intergroup encounters.
The institutional basis of anglophone western centrality
Authors: Albuquerque Afonso de
Published: September 2020

Non-western scholars usually face a dilemma if they want to pursue an international scholarly career: On the one hand, mastering western media theories is mandatory for taking part in international forums and exchanging experiences with people from different parts of the world; on the other hand, these theories are, in many aspects, foreign to their cultural backgrounds and, in many cases, seem inadequate for describing their own societies. My personal contribution to the debate arises from the fact that, although having some experience in participating in Anglophonic communication meetings and publishing in international academic vehicles, I never had first-hand experience, either as a student or as a professor, in American or European universities. In consequence, I was exposed to Western Anglophonic theories without being socialized in a scholarly environment in which they are taken as ‘natural’. Based on this experience, I contend that the global impact of western theories cannot be explained only by their intrinsic merits, but as the result of the socialization of scholars from all parts on the world in western educational institutions, and the networks built around them.
Investigating the effect of government subsidies on end-of-life vehicle recycling
Authors: Yu Zhang , Tianshan Ma , Khan Syed Abdul Rehman
Published: September 2020

To have a deeper understanding of the Chinese market reaction for different subsidy policies made by the government, we establish a game model of the competition between legal recyclers and illegal recyclers with government involved. Further, we consider the quality differentiation of end-of-life vehicles in every player’s decision-making. With a numerical simulation, the researchers validated this study. Based on the results of this research, we found that compared with the strategy of subsidizing the legal recyclers, subsidizing the end-of-life vehicle owners is more effective, and the legal recyclers would get more business from end-of-life vehicle owners. The quality of end-of-life vehicles plays a vital role when the recyclers make decisions on their recycling behaviour. Moreover, the differential subsidy policy will probably be useless if most of the end-of-life vehicles in the market are in poor quality. So, the Chinese government should adjust its policies on end-of-life vehicle market development based on the quality distribution of end-of-life vehicles, and the quality management should be implemented in the end-of-life vehicle supply chain for the efficiency and effectiveness of subsidy policies.
‘Cheap Merchandise’: Atrocity and Undocumented Migrants in Transit in Mexico’s War on Drugs
Authors: Trevino-Rangel Javier
Published: September 2020

Undocumented migrants in transit in Mexico are victims of atrocity. The subject has been largely ignored by scholars, however, until recently when a number of migration experts became interested in the matter. Most observers argue that abuses suffered by migrants are the consequence of the ‘securitization’ of Mexican immigration policy. For them, Mexican authorities perceive migrants from Central America as a threat to national security and have hardened laws and migratory practices as a result, but there is insufficient evidence to support these claims. This article looks at the political economy of undocumented migration in transit in Mexico and the violence associated with it. It investigates the abuses suffered by migrants not as the result of supposed security policies but rather as the consequence of the interplay between local and global economies that generate profits from undocumented migration. The article explores the role played by state officials, cartels and ordinary Mexicans in the migration industry.
Testing Social Enterprise Models Across the World: Evidence From the “International Comparative Social Enterprise Models (ICSEM) Project”
Authors: Defourny Jacques , Nyssens Marthe , Brolis Olivier
Published: September 2020

In response to the large number of definitions of social enterprise (SE), various works have sought to cope with such diversity through SE typologies. Many of them are however country-specific and only very few of them are built upon solid theoretical foundations. To overcome these weaknesses, Defourny and Nyssens had put forward, in a previous article, some fundamentals for an international typology, including four SE models. The objective of the present article is to test the existence of these models on the basis of a data set covering 721 SEs and resulting from a survey carried out in 43 countries. More precisely, the statistical exploitation of the data set combined multiple factorial analysis with hierarchical cluster analysis. It appears that the existence of three of the four SE models—namely the social-business model, the social-cooperative model and the entrepreneurial nonprofit model—is strongly supported by the empirical analysis in almost all surveyed countries.
Experimental research on deformation and dimensional accuracy of rectangular-section tubular part during open die hydro-pressing process
Authors: Zhang Xinlong , He Jiuqiang , Chu Guannan , Yuan Shijian
Published: September 2020

To solve the problems involving in the open die hydro-pressing process, such as different corner radii and bigger dimensional deviation, an open die hydro-pressing process was proposed and an experiment was conducted on hydro-pressing process of DP590 steel tubular part with rectangular-section. The effects of pressing sequence and supporting pressure on cross-sectional shape and corner filling were discussed. An analysis was conducted to reveal the reason for uneven deformation of the section corners. It is illustrated that the values of corner radii of the tubular part are obviously different under the condition of one pressing step, and the corner nearby the fixed die is larger than that nearby the pressing punch. The reason is that a difference exists in the circumferential force between the four corners due to the existence of the friction, which results in the uneven deformation on the section corner zone. The deviation of the cross-sectional dimension can be effectively improved by multi pressing steps, but too great a number of pressing steps also reduces the forming efficiency. Under the condition of two pressing steps, a rectangular-section tubular part with high dimensional accuracy was obtained by a reasonable pressure loading path. Its relative corner radius is only 2.5, which exceeds the limiting value of that formed by conventional tube hydroforming.
Sensitivity analysis of machining accuracy reliability considering partial correlation of geometric errors for Horizontal Machining Center
Authors: Niu Peng , Cheng Qiang , Chang Wenfen , Song Xuemin , Li Yansheng
Published: September 2020

With the increase in working time, the geometric errors of a Horizontal Machining Center (HMC) will also increase under load, temperature, and wear conditions, decreasing the machining accuracy. As HMC is a high-accuracy machine tool with a high nonlinear system, there is a complex coupling relationship between errors. Therefore, how to thoroughly evaluate the ability of a machine tool to maintain its machining accuracy with the extension of working time is an important way for HMC to control its machining quality. In this paper, this ability is defined as machining accuracy reliability, that is, under specified conditions, the machine tool can work normally to achieve the corresponding machining accuracy ability. To solve this problem, a new analysis method is proposed for evaluating machining accuracy reliability based on the nonlinear correlation between errors. The nonlinear relationship between machining accuracy and errors was determined using multibody modeling technology. The effect of interaction between errors on machining accuracy reliability was analyzed by introducing and calculating partial correlation coefficients. Finally, the method was validated using a four-axis machine tool.
A study on a general cyber machine tools monitoring system in smart factories
Authors: Kong Chuipin , Liu Wei , Zhou Xionghui , Niu Qiang , Jiang Jingguo
Published: September 2020

The massive data produced in real manufacturing processes provides a micro observation mechanism for managers and producers, which helps to analyze and grasp the manufacturing details, to form a macro decision-making mechanism, and finally to improve the manufacturing quality and production efficiency. This paper deeply investigates the real-time acquisition method of machine tool processing data and presents a general method of data analysis in different actual application scenarios to solve the general problem of insufficient and inappropriate utilization of machine tools. A framework of general machine tool monitoring system with four layers is proposed and several key stumbling blocks are researched, such as heterogeneous machine data acquisition, data analysis, and related application. These achievements are applied in a general cyber machine tools monitoring system based on MTConnect, which has greatly improved the utilization of machine tools and become a valuable unit in the framework of intelligent manufacturing and smart factory.
Optimization of electrochemical etching process for manufacturing of micro electrodes for micro-EDM application
Authors: Saha Sucharita , Ball Amit Kumar , Mukherjee Arpita , Das Arjita , Halder Saurav , Hanumaiah Naga
Published: September 2020

Application of Micro-Nano scale Electrical Discharge Machining is rapidly growing in manufacturing of metal products irrespective of its hardness having geometric features in range of micrometer to nanometer scale. To achieve such small geometrical features, smaller dimensional tool electrode is required. However fabrication of this tiny electrode with desired dimension and also handling of such tiny electrodes is a primary aspect that needs to be investigated systematically to use the Micro-Nano scale EDM in batch production of micro parts. In this work authors investigate the application of electrochemical etching process for fabricating EDM electrodes smaller than 10 µm. While the smallest electrode fabricated with the optimized parameter is 3.33 µm, their performance as electrode in micro-EDM has been studied systematically. To the best of authors’ knowledge such studies are not reported in the published literatures. However, the fabrication of such smaller size features by applying alternating current in ECE has been attempted previously but not for micro-EDM applications.
Sero-risk neutral and sero-risk averse: perceptions of risk and condom use among Black African heterosexual migrant couples in serodiscordant relationships in the UK
Authors: Rogers Mohamed K , McKeown Eamonn
Published: September 2020

This paper explores how perceptions of risk of infecting HIV-negative partners influence condom use among Black African heterosexual couples in stable relationships with one partner living with HIV (serodiscordant relationships). Twenty-five in-depth couple and individual interviews were analysed through phenomenological reflection and writing. A major finding was that in attempts to preserve their relationships, couples debated condom use strategies based on their perceptions of risk of infecting HIV-negative partners. We recommend that HIV prevention information among Black African heterosexual couples with a partner living with HIV should be understood from the perceptions of risk from both partners.
Tunable discontinuous shear thickening in capillary flow of MR suspensions
Authors: Bossis Georges , Grasselli Yan , Ciffreo Alain , Volkova Olga
Published: September 2020

Very concentrated suspensions of iron particles in water or ethylene glycol can be obtained thanks to the use of superplasticizer molecules used in cement industry. At high volume fractions, these suspensions show a discontinuous shear thickening which was thoroughly characterized in rotational geometries. We will show that the jamming transition is also present in a capillary flow, and that it manifests through the formation of a non-consolidated porous medium at the constriction between the barrel and the capillary. In suspension of iron particles, the dynamics of formation of this porous medium, and so the pressure, can be controlled by a low magnetic field and is reversible for a constant volume flow rate, opening potential new applications in the domain of dampers and force control devices.
Isolated Shear Fracture of the Metatarsal Head in Lesser Toes Treated With ORIF: Case Series
Authors: Li Ying , Li Wenjing , Li Shaoliang , Wang Yan , Guan Shengsheng , Wu Yong
Published: September 2020

Background:

Isolated shear fractures of a metatarsal head in the lesser toes are rare in clinical practice. We report the clinical and imaging characteristics, and treatment results, of these fractures.

Methods:

A retrospective consecutive case-series study was performed on 7 patients with symptomatic isolated shear fracture of a metatarsal head in the lesser toes who were operatively treated using open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) scans of the patients were analyzed. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society–lesser metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal (AOFAS-LMI) score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and passive dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint were determined preoperatively and at final follow-up. Postoperative complications were also recorded.

Results:

There were 5 males and 2 females, with a mean age of 21 years (range, 16-36) at the time of surgery. Four fractures occurred at the fourth metatarsal. There were 3 chronic cases, 1 was not diagnosed initially; the other 2 failed conservative treatment. The main symptom of the chronic fractures was limited dorsiflexion at the MTP joint. Preoperative radiographs and CT scans revealed dorsal displacement of the fragment without dislocation of the MTP joint. At the final follow-up (mean, 17.4 months; range 9-27), the AOFAS-LMI scores had improved from 70.6 (range, 59-79) preoperatively to 93.3 (range, 92-100) ( P = .001). VAS scores showed a decrease in pain from 4.0 to 0.0 ( P = .016). Mean passive dorsiflexion ROM of the MTP joint improved significantly from 8.6 degrees preoperatively to 35.7 degrees at final follow-up ( P < .001). All patients returned to their respective preinjury activity levels.

Conclusion:

Patients with an acute or chronic isolated shear fracture of a metatarsal head in the lesser toes treated by ORIF achieved good short-term clinical and radiologic outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.