bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matching in Power Graphs of Finite Groups
Authors: Cameron Peter J. , Swathi V. V. , Sunitha M. S.
Published: March 2022

The power graph P(G) of a finite group G is the undirected simple graph with vertex set G, where two elements are adjacent if one is a power of the other. In this paper, the matching numbers of power graphs of finite groups are investigated. We give upper and lower bounds, and conditions for the power graph of a group to possess a perfect matching. We give a formula for the matching number for any finite nilpotent group. In addition, using some elementary number theory, we show that the matching number of the enhanced power graph $$P_e(G)$$

P
e

(
G
)

of G (in which two elements are adjacent if both are powers of a common element) is equal to that of the power graph of G.
Comparative effectiveness of moderate hypofractionation with volumetric modulated arc therapy versus conventional 3D-radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Moll Matthias , D’Andrea David , Zaharie Alexandru , Grubmüller Bernhard , Paschen Christopher , Zehetmayer Sonja , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Widder Joachim , Goldner Gregor
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Hypofractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer is well established for definitive treatment, but not well defined in the postoperative setting. The purpose of this analysis was to assess oncologic outcomes and toxicity in a large cohort of patients treated with conventionally fractionated three-dimensional (3D) conformal radiotherapy (CF) and hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc therapy (HF) after radical prostatectomy.

Methods

Between 1994 and 2019, a total of 855 patients with prostate carcinoma were treated by postoperative radiotherapy using CF (total dose 65–72 Gy, single fraction 1.8–2 Gy) in 572 patients and HF (total dose 62.5–63.75 Gy, single fraction 2.5–2.55 Gy) in 283 patients. The association of treatment modality with biochemical control, overall survival (OS), and gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity was assessed using logistic and Cox regression analysis.

Results

There was no difference between the two modalities regarding biochemical control rates (77% versus 81%, respectively, for HF and CF at 24 months and 58% and 64% at 60 months; p = 0.20). OS estimates after 5 years: 95% versus 93% (p = 0.72). Patients undergoing HF had less frequent grade 2 or higher acute GI or GU side effects (p = 0.03 and p = 0.005, respectively). There were no differences in late GI side effects between modalities (hazard ratio 0.99). Median follow-up was 23 months for HF and 72 months for CF (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

For radiation therapy of resected prostate cancer, our analysis of this largest single-centre cohort (n = 283) treated with hypofractionation with advanced treatment techniques compared with conventional fractionation did not yield different outcomes in terms of biochemical control and toxicities. Prospective investigating of HF is merited.
Analysis of poplar timber finger joints by means of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and finite element simulation subjected to tension loading
Authors: Timbolmas Cristian , Rescalvo Francisco J. , Portela María , Bravo Rafael
Published: March 2022

Due to the strong demand for wood, and the need to reduce the carbon footprint in construction, fast-growing low-graded planted species like poplar are promising wood for the supply chain in the context of engineered wood products, EWPs. Finger joints constitute a key technology for the manufacture of long structural elements of EWPs. Thus, evaluation of the mechanical properties of finger joints is important when designing these structural members. This paper shows the results of mechanical behaviour in tension of poplar timber of the I-214 cultivar, for specimens with and without finger joints, using experiments monitored by DIC (Digital Image Correlation) and simulated by the Finite Element Method. For moderate and intermediate loads, the samples with finger joints showed behaviour similar to those without joints. However, the presence of the fingers decreased the mechanical properties of the modulus of elasticity in the longitudinal direction anywhere from 7.7 to 23.7%; and there was a decrease of around 27.5% in tensile strength. An agreeable correlation between the DIC results and FEM simulations is obtained for the longitudinal, transversal, and shear strain fields, thus demonstrating the high potential of both methodologies.
Technological mediation and 3D visualizations in construction engineering practice
Authors: Voordijk Hans , olde Scholtenhuis Léon
Published: March 2022

The generation and use of 3D images and visualizations through remote sensing, Building Information Modeling, and Augmented Reality technologies, have come to play a significant role in construction engineering practice. Although these technologies are promising, their potential can be misjudged when potential end-users are unaware of key assumptions that were made by developers. Realistic expectations require insights into the ways in which these technologies transform input collected into 3D visualizations and how these visualizations are possibly used on construction sites. This study’s objective is hence to explore the form of technological mediation that the generation and use of 3D images and visualizations provide between a human and objects, or aspects of these objects, that would otherwise be largely imperceptible to professionals in construction practice. We show that algorithms pre- and post-process data through their technological selectivities, which function as mediators. Double mediations of augmented and engaged relationships play a dominant role in the use of 3D images and visualizations and enhance the situational awareness of professionals in construction practice. This is the first study that applies this perspective to increase the understanding of the mediating role of 3D images and visualizations in construction practice.
Classification of rank two weak Fano bundles on del Pezzo threefolds of degree four
Authors: Fukuoka Takeru , Hara Wahei , Ishikawa Daizo
Published: March 2022

We classify rank two vector bundles on a given del Pezzo threefold of degree four whose projectivizations are weak Fano into seven cases. We also give an example for each of these seven cases.
Hybrid argon plasma coagulation (HybridAPC) versus sharp excision for the treatment of endometriosis: a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Keckstein Julia S. , Keckstein Simon , Brunecker Kristin , Neugebauer Alexander , Nüssle Daniela , Hoffmann Sascha , Andress Jürgen , Neis Felix , Scharpf Marcus , Enderle Markus , Rothmund Ralf , Brucker Sara Y. , Jun Martin Weiss , Kraemer Bernhard
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Endometriosis is a benign, but potentially serious gynaecological condition in terms of abdominal pain and impaired fertility. Laparoscopic excision techniques are considered the therapeutic standard. HybridAPC is presented as a novel technique for the non-contact thermal ablation of peritoneal endometriosis with simultaneous protection of the underlying thermosensitive structures by creating a needle-free elevated fluid cushion which enables a safer exposure and distance, as well as potentially improved peritoneal conditioning prior to APC.

Methods

In this prospective randomized clinical trial, 39 patients with 132 superficial endometriotic lesions in total were treated with HybridAPC or sharp excision in an initial laparoscopic procedure according to randomization. In a second-look laparoscopy, adhesion formation was rated macroscopically. Histologic samples were taken from previously treated areas for evaluation of eradication rate.

Results

The eradication rate was not significantly different between HybridAPC treatment and sharp excision (65 vs. 81%, p = .55). Adhesions formed in 5% of HybridAPC-treated lesions and in 10% after sharp excision (p = .49). HybridAPC treatment was significantly faster than sharp excision (69 vs. 106 s, p < .05). No intra- and postoperative complications were registered.

Conclusion

This clinical trial demonstrates the feasibility of this novel surgical technique with a promising impact on adhesion prevention. Compared to sharp excision, HybridAPC is likely to be a safe, tissue-preserving, and fast method for the treatment of peritoneal endometriosis.
Antenatal screening for chromosomal abnormalities
Authors: Kagan Karl Oliver , Sonek Jiri , Kozlowski Peter
Published: March 2022

Screening for chromosomal disorders, especially for trisomy 21, has undergone a number of changes in the last 50 years. Today, cell-free DNA analysis (cfDNA) is the gold standard in screening for trisomy 21. Despite the advantages that cfDNA offers in screening for common trisomies, it must be recognized that it does not address many other chromosomal disorders and any of the structural fetal anomalies. In the first trimester, the optimal approach is to combine an ultrasound assessment of the fetus, which includes an NT measurement, with cfDNA testing. If fetal structural defects are detected or if the NT thickness is increased, an amniocentesis or a CVS with at least chromosomal microarray should be offered.
Potential of blood-based biomarker approaches in endometrium and breast cancer: a case-control comparison study
Authors: Schuhn Anne , Tobar Tania Witte , Gahlawat Aoife Ward , Hauke Jana , Baumann Lukas , Okun Jürgen G. , Nees Juliane
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Endometrial carcinoma is the second most common gynecological malignancy. Until today lacking a screening tool. A blood-based biomarker could help address this need.

Methods

The expression levels of 30 acylcarnitines, 18 amino acids, 6 miRNAs, and 7 DNA methylation sites were measured in blood samples from 331 women (20 EC, 14 benign uterine lesions (benign), 140 breast cancers (BC), 157 controls). Areas under the ROC curves (AUC), sensitivity (sens.) and specificity (spec.) were computed to identify the variables best distinguishing.

Results

The best top ten markers for the four comparisons (cancer vs. cancer-free; EC vs. BC, EC vs. controls; EC vs. benign), were identified via AUC. Malonylcarnitine distinguished best patients with EC from controls (AUC: 0.827, sens. 80%, spec. 73.1%) or BC (AUC: 0.819, sens. 84.3%, spec. 80%) being most notable. Tryptophan best differentiated benign from EC (AUC: 0.846, sens. 70%, spec. 92.9%).

Conclusions

The levels of the analyzed blood markers yielded promising results in the detection of EC and warrant further evaluation.
The plastid-nucleus localized DNA-binding protein WHIRLY1 is required for acclimation of barley leaves to high light
Authors: Saeid Nia Monireh , Repnik Urska , Krupinska Karin , Bilger Wolfgang
Published: March 2022

Main conclusion

In accordance with a key role of WHIRLY1 in light-acclimation mechanisms, typical features of acclimation to high light, including photosynthesis and leaf morphology, are compromised in WHIRLY1 deficient plants.

Acclimation to the environment requires efficient communication between chloroplasts and the nucleus. Previous studies indicated that the plastid-nucleus located WHIRLY1 protein is required for the communication between plastids and the nucleus in situations of high light exposure. To investigate the consequences of WHIRLY1 deficiency on the light acclimation of photosynthesis and leaf anatomy, transgenic barley plants with an RNAi-mediated knockdown of HvWHIRLY1 were compared to wild-type plants when growing at low and high irradiance. While wild-type plants showed the typical light acclimation responses, i.e. higher photosynthetic capacity and thicker leaves, the WHIRLY1 deficient plants were not able to respond to differences in irradiance. The results revealed a systemic role of WHIRLY1 in light acclimation by coordinating responses at the level of the chloroplast and the level of leaf morphology.
Homomorphic images of locally compact groups acting on trees and buildings
Authors: Carter Max , Willis George A.
Published: March 2022

We study analogues of Cartan decompositions of Lie groups for totally disconnected locally compact groups. It is shown using these decompositions that a large class of totally disconnected locally compact groups acting on trees and buildings have the property that every continuous homomorphic image of the group is closed.
Effect of pressure ratio on the separation performances of different DRPSA configurations under equilibrium conditions
Authors: Rossi Ester , Florit Federico , Storti Giuseppe , Rota Renato
Published: March 2022

Dual reflux pressure swing adsorption is a peculiar application of pressure swing adsorption with relevant separation potential. In a proper range of operating parameters, high separation performances are achieved in many applications, including complete separation in the case of binary mixtures. In this work, a new representation of the design parameters suitable for complete separation based on the semi-analytical solution of the corresponding Equilibrium Theory model is proposed for the four basic process configurations. Namely, given feed position, feed composition, and adsorbent separation selectivity, the combinations of the remaining process parameters ensuring complete separation are identified in a 3D plot. Furthermore, the same model equations have been solved numerically to explore conditions of incomplete separation, where the semi-analytical solution is not available. In particular, the sensitivity of the separation performances of each configuration to the pressure ratio has been explored. More specifically, given the region of operating conditions suitable for complete separation, selected operating conditions outside this region have been explored aimed to recover/improve the separation quality. Even though the different configurations exhibit different behaviors, the general dependence of the product purity upon the pressure ratio is quite limited and only minor improvements can be obtained with a few exceptions.
Sex Selection for Daughters: Demographic Consequences of Female-Biased Sex Ratios
Authors: Kolk Martin , Jebari Karim
Published: March 2022

Modern fertility techniques allow parents to carry out preimplantation sex selection. Sex selection for non-medical purposes is legal in many high-income countries, and social norms toward assisted reproductive technology are increasingly permissive and may plausibly become increasingly prevalent in the near future. We explore possible outcomes of widely observed daughter preferences in many high-income countries and explore the demographic consequences of the adoption of sex selection for daughters. While concerns over son preference have been widely discussed, sex selection that favors female children is a more likely outcome in high-income countries. If sex selection is adopted, it may bias the sex ratio in a given population. Male-biased populations are likely to experience slower population growth, which limits the long-term viability of corresponding cultural norms. Conversely, female-biased populations are likely to experience faster population growth. Cultural norms that promote female-biased sex ratios are as a consequence therefore also self-reinforcing. In this study, we explore the demographic consequences of a female-biased sex ratio for population growth and population age structure. We also discuss the technology and parental preferences that may give rise to such a scenario.
Psb34 protein modulates binding of high-light-inducible proteins to CP47-containing photosystem II assembly intermediates in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Rahimzadeh-Karvansara Parisa , Pascual-Aznar Guillem , Bečková Martina , Komenda Josef
Published: March 2022

Assembly of photosystem II (PSII), a water-splitting catalyst in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, requires numerous auxiliary proteins which promote individual steps of this sequential process and transiently associate with one or more assembly intermediate complexes. In this study, we focussed on the role of a PSII-associated protein encoded by the ssl1498 gene in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The N-terminal domain of this protein, which is here called Psb34, is very similar to the N-terminus of HliA/B proteins belonging to a family of high-light-inducible proteins (Hlips). Psb34 was identified in both dimeric and monomeric PSII, as well as in a PSII monomer lacking CP43 and containing Psb28. When FLAG-tagged, the protein is co-purified with these three complexes and with the PSII auxiliary proteins Psb27 and Psb28. However, the preparation also contained the oxygen-evolving enhancers PsbO and PsbV and lacked HliA/B proteins even when isolated from high-light-treated cells. The data suggest that Psb34 competes with HliA/B for the same binding site and that it is one of the components involved in the final conversion of late PSII assembly intermediates into functional PSII complexes, possibly keeping them free of Hlips. Unlike HliA/B, Psb34 does bind to the CP47 assembly module before its incorporation into PSII. Analysis of strains lacking Psb34 indicates that Psb34 mediates the optimal equilibrium of HliA/B binding among individual PSII assembly intermediates containing CP47, allowing Hlip-mediated photoprotection at all stages of PSII assembly.
Begrenzte Möglichkeiten. Zur Kommerzialisierung und Akademisierung der Intellektuellenrolle
Authors: Martin Susanne
Published: March 2022

Zwei traditionelle Wirkungsbereiche von Intellektuellen, die politische Medienöffentlichkeit und das akademische Feld, unterliegen seit über drei Jahrzehnten anhaltenden strukturellen Veränderungen. Diese gelten vielfach als Ursache einer tiefen Krise oder sogar des Verschwindens der Intellektuellen. Doch um welche Veränderungen geht es dabei genau, und wie restrukturieren sie die gegenwärtige Rolle und Funktion von Intellektuellen? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen entwickelt der Beitrag einen Ansatz, der die struktur- und erfahrungsbezogenen Bedingungen intellektueller Praxis fokussiert und historisch vergleichend analysiert. Um eine Vergleichsfolie zu gewinnen, wird die intellektuelle Praxis Theodor W. Adornos analysiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Adorno die charakteristischen Widersprüche öffentlichen und akademischen intellektuellen Engagements methodisch aufrechterhielt, indem er eine Position des „Dazwischen“ reklamierte. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden seit den 1970er-Jahren forcierte strukturelle Veränderungen der Medienöffentlichkeit und des akademischen Feldes als Prozesse der „Vereindeutigung“ interpretiert, die eine widerspruchsaffine intellektuelle Praxis erschweren. In der Folge lassen sich eine ausgeweitete kommerzielle sowie eine eingeschränkte akademische Intellektuellenpraxis beobachten, die jeweils politisch wirksame Interventionen begrenzen.
Alternative Interpretation of Speckle Autocorrelation Imaging Through Scattering Media
Authors: Liu Honglin , Lai Puxiang , Gao Jingjing , Liu Zhentao , Shi Jianhong , Han Shensheng
Published: March 2022

High-resolution optical imaging through or within thick scattering media is a long sought after yet unreached goal. In the past decade, the thriving technique developments in wavefront measurement and manipulation do not significantly push the boundary forward. The optical diffusion limit is still a ceiling. In this work, we propose that a scattering medium can be conceptualized as an assembly of randomly packed pinhole cameras and the corresponding speckle pattern as a superposition of randomly shifted pinhole images. The concept is demonstrated through both simulation and experiments, confirming the new perspective to interpret the mechanism of information transmission through scattering media under incoherent illumination. We also analyze the efficiency of single-pinhole and dual-pinhole channels. While in infancy, the proposed method reveals a new perspective to understand imaging and information transmission through scattering media.
A stochastic model of chemorepulsion with additive noise and nonlinear sensitivity
Authors: Chevyrev Ilya , Hambly Ben , Mayorcas Avi
Published: March 2022

We consider a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) model for chemorepulsion, with non-linear sensitivity on the one-dimensional torus. By establishing an a priori estimate independent of the initial data, we show that there exists a pathwise unique, global solution to the SPDE. Furthermore, we show that the associated semi-group is Markov and possesses a unique invariant measure, supported on a Hölder–Besov space of positive regularity, which the solution law converges to exponentially fast. The a priori bound also allows us to establish tail estimates on the $$L^p$$

L
p

norm of the invariant measure which are heavier than Gaussian.
High transmittance and grain-orientated alumina ceramics fabricated by adding fine template particles
Authors: Chen Han , Zhao Jin , Shimai Shunzo , Mao Xiaojian , Zhang Jian , Zhou Guohong , Wang Shiwei , Gu Na , Zheng Kai
Published: March 2022

Transparent Al2O3 ceramics with grains aligned to the c-axis were prepared by adding platelets with a low aspect ratio into fine equiaxed particles. The mixed powders were formed into green bodies using spontaneous coagulation casting and sintered by pressureless sintering and hot-isostatic pressure sintering. Zeta potentials and rheological behavior of the slurries, relative densities of green bodies, and orientation and optical properties of sintered bodies were investigated and discussed. The platelet with a high aspect ratio suppressed densification more seriously during sintering than the one with a low aspect ratio. An excellent oriented structure was obtained when 5 wt% platelets with a low aspect ratio were added, and transparent Al2O3 ceramics with grains aligned to c-axis were successfully prepared; the in-line transmittance was 78.4% at 600 nm, which is the highest one in the currently reported literature.
Taking a closer look at mindful eating: incremental validity and importance of subfacets
Authors: Peitz Diana , Warschburger Petra
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Mindful eating (ME) seems a promising approach to clarify the underlying mechanisms of mindfulness-based interventions for eating and weight-related issues. The current study aimed to investigate the incremental validity of this eating-specific approach beyond a generic conception of mindfulness and explore preliminary indication which subfacets of the multidimensional construct ME might be of particular importance in order to study them more precisely and tailor mindfulness-based interventions for eating and weight-related issues more properly.

Methods

Self-report data (N = 292) were collected online. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to explore the incremental validity of ME beyond generic mindfulness, predicting maladaptive eating (emotional and uncontrolled eating) and consumption of energy-dense food. Multiple regressions were used to examine the impact of the seven different ME subfacets on the very same outcomes.

Results

Findings demonstrated the incremental validity of ME on all outcomes. Generic mindfulness no longer predicted emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, or the consumption of energy-dense food when entering ME. The subfacet ‘non-reactive stance’ predicted all three outcomes significantly. For emotional and uncontrolled eating, the subfacets ‘accepting and non-attached attitude toward one’s own eating experience’, ‘eating in response to awareness of fullness’, and the ‘awareness of eating triggers and motives’ additionally showed a significant influence.

Conclusion

ME seems a valuable approach in clarifying how mindfulness might impact eating and weight-related issues. Beyond that, it might be beneficial for upcoming interventions to strengthen specific ME subfacets, depending on the focused outcomes.

Level of evidence

Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.
Gender-specific soluble α-klotho levels as marker of GH deficiency in children: a case–control study
Authors: Guarnotta V. , Pizzolanti G. , Petrancosta R. , Radellini S. , Baiamonte C. , Giordano C.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To evaluate circulating soluble α-klotho (sαKL) levels in GHD children before and after 12 months of GH treatment (GHT).

Methods

Auxological and basal metabolic parameters, oral glucose tolerance test for glucose and insulin levels, insulin sensitivity indices and klotho levels were evaluated before and after 12 months of follow-up in 58 GHD children and 56 healthy controls.

Results

At baseline, GHD children showed significantly lower growth velocity standard deviation score (SDS) (p < 0.001), bone/chronological age ratio (p < 0.001), GH peak and area under the curve (AUC) after arginine test (ARG) (both p < 0.001) and glucagon stimulation test (GST) (p < 0.001 and 0.048, respectively), IGF-1 (p < 0.001), with higher BMI (SDS) (p < 0.001), WC (SDS) (p = 0.003) and sαKL (p < 0.001) than controls. After 12 months of GHT, GHD children showed a significant increase in height (SDS) (p < 0.001), growth velocity (SDS) (p < 0.001), bone/chronological age ratio (p < 0.001) IGF-1 (p < 0.001), fasting insulin (p < 0.001), Homa-IR (p < 0.001) and sαKL (p < 0.001) with a concomitant decrease in BMI (SDS) (p = 0.002) and WC (SDS) (p = 0.038) than baseline. At ROC curve analysis, we identified a sαKL cut-off to discriminate controls and GHD children of 1764.4 pg/mL in females and 1339.4 pg/mL in males.

At multivariate analysis, the independent variables significantly associated with sαKL levels after 12 months of GHT were the oral disposition index (p = 0.004, β = 0.327) and IGF-1 (p = 0.019, β = 0.313).

Conclusions

Gender-related sαKL may be used as a marker of GHD combined to GH and IGF-1. Insulin and IGF-1 are independently associated with sαKL values after 12 months of GHT.
Combining preferences and heuristics in analysing consumer behaviour
Authors: Mir-Artigues Pere
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a seminal model that combines heuristics and preferences to analyse decision-making processes related to the consumption of goods and services. The model has been built by recombining different results from economic psychology and in particular from the research programme called ecological rationality or environment-consistent rationality. With regard to heuristics and their algorithms, in addition to the well-known lexicographic rule, the importance of the heuristics of recognition, weighting and adding, sufficient satisfaction, reciprocity, default choice and imitate-the-majority heuristic in consumer behaviour is underscored. This last heuristic is complemented by the critical mass model and preliminary ideas on the loyalty effect. With respect to preferences, a distinction is made between elementary and final preferences, and between raw and inferential preferences. These two dimensions can be combined, giving rise to a conceptual framework which allows the concept of preferences to be consolidated and expanded. Although much work remains to be done, it should be stressed that this approach could be very fertile in gaining thorough understanding of the determinants of consumption choices.
Potential of remote sensing data to support the seismic safety assessment of reinforced concrete buildings affected by slow-moving landslides
Authors: Mele Annalisa , Miano Andrea , Di Martire Diego , Infante Donato , Ramondini Massimo , Prota Andrea
Published: March 2022

Different forms of hazard can affect structures throughout their existence. The occurrence of a seismic event in areas exposed to different risks or already affected by other phenomena is highly likely, especially in countries characterized by high seismicity and equally high hydrogeological risk, as Italy. Nevertheless, the seismic safety assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is commonly carried out considering the seismic action only, generally applied to an analytical model, neglecting the stress–strain state induced by previous ongoing phenomena. The aim of this work is to highlight the importance of the seismic safety assessment in a multi-hazard analysis, cumulating the action coming from two different hazards: landslide and earthquake. An existing RC building, located in an area affected by an intermittent landslide phenomenon with slow kinematics, that may also be subjected to strong earthquakes, is used as case study. The Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) approach is used to monitor the evolution in time of the landslide. DInSAR deformation data are used to detect surface ground movements applied to building foundations. A non-linear static analysis procedure is implemented for the code-based seismic safety assessment, in two different scenarios. The seismic assessment of the case-study building is implemented in a condition of structure deformed only for gravity loads, and, then, in a state of known landslide-induced deformed configuration. A comparison is proposed between the building seismic safety assessment performed in both cases, with or without the consideration of the landslide-induced displacements, showing the importance of a multi-hazard evaluation.
Lack of Evidence for a Relationship Between Salivary CRP and Women’s Sexual Desire: An Investigation Across Clinical and Healthy Samples
Authors: Clephane Kirstin , O’Loughlin Julia I. , Bodnar Tamara S. , Wilson M. Claire , Stariha Jordan TB , Craig Amber N. , Weinberg Joanne , Brotto Lori A. , Lorenz Tierney K.
Published: March 2022

Background

Inflammation has been linked to a variety of mental and physical health outcomes that disproportionately impact women, and which can impair sexual function; thus, there is reason to expect a link between inflammation and women’s sexual functioning.

Aim

To test the hypothesis that higher concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), a general biomarker of inflammation, would predict women’s lower sexual desire.

Method

As 2 independent research teams, we conducted 3 separate studies (total n = 405) that assessed salivary CRP and various measurements of sexual desire in different women populations.

Outcomes

Female Sexual Function Index, Sexual Desire Inventory-2, Decreased Sexual Desire Screener, and Sexual Interest and Desire Inventory.

Results

Regardless of the way sexual desire was measured (e.g., state vs trait; general desire vs. desire functioning) and the population sampled (i.e., healthy vs. clinically diagnosed with sexual dysfunction), all the studies revealed null results.

Clinical Implications

While exploratory, the convergence of these null results across studies and researchers suggests that if there is an association between inflammation and women’s sexual desire, it is likely very subtle.

Strengths & Limitations

Across 2 independent research teams, 3 unrelated studies, and various measurements of sexual desire, results were consistent. These points lend to the generalizability of the results. However, study designs were cross-sectional.

Conclusions

Future research may reveal (i) a non-linear threshold effect, such that inflammation does not begin to impact women’s sexual desire until it is at a high level, (ii) inflammatory biomarkers other than CRP might be more sensitive in detecting associations between inflammation and desire, should they exist, or (iii) the mechanisms underlying sexual dysfunction may differ between sexes.
Ejaculatory Function Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sholklapper Tamir , Creswell Michael , Cantalino Jonathan , Markel Michael , Zwart Alan , Danner Malika , Ayoob Marilyn , Yung Thomas , Collins Brian , Kumar Deepak , Aghdam Nima , Rubin Rachel S. , Hankins Ryan , Suy Simeng , Collins Sean
Published: March 2022

Background

Ejaculatory dysfunction is an important male quality of life issue which has not yet been studied in the setting of prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Aim

The purpose of this study is to evaluate ejaculatory function following SBRT for prostate cancer.

Methods

Two hundred and thirty-one patients on a prospective quality of life study with baseline ejaculatory capacity treated with prostate SBRT from 2013 to 2019 were included in this analysis. Ejaculation was assessed via the Ejaculation Scale (ES-8) from the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire. Patients completed the questionnaire at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months post-SBRT. Elderly patients (Age > 70) and those who received hormonal therapy were excluded from analysis. Patients were treated to 35–36.25 Gy in 5 fractions delivered with the CyberKnife Radiosurgical System (Accuray).

Outcomes

Ejaculatory function was assessed by ES-8 scores (range 4–40) with lower values representing increased interference or annoyance.

Results

Median age at the time of treatment was 65 years. Median follow up was 24 months (IQR 19–24.5 months). 64.5% of patients had ED at baseline (SHIM < 22). The 2-year anejaculation rate was 15%. Mean composite ES-8 scores showed a decline in the first month following treatment then stabilized: 30.4 (start of treatment); 26.5 (1 month); 27.6 (3 month); 27.0 (6 month); 26.2 (9 month); 25.4 (12 month); 25.0 (18 month) and 25.4 (24 month). White race, higher pre-treatment SHIM (≥22), and higher ES-8 (≥31) at treatment start were significantly associated with a decreased probability of a clinically significant decline. Patient-reported ejaculate volume was significantly reduced at all time points post-SBRT. Ejaculatory discomfort peaked at 1 month and 9 months post-SBRT. Prior to treatment, 8.0% of men reported that they were very to extremely bothered by their ejaculatory dysfunction. The number of patients reporting this concern increased to 14.4% at one year and dropped to 11% at 24-months post-SBRT.

Clinical Translation

Patients undergoing prostate SBRT may experience meaningful changes in ejaculatory function and should be counseled on the trajectory of these side effects.

Strengths & Limitations

This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database. Subjective questionnaire responses captured limited aspects of ejaculatory function in this cohort.

Conclusion

The high incidence of moderate to extreme bother in ejaculatory function before and after SBRT suggests a need for novel approaches to improving ejaculation.
How Credible Are Earthquake Predictions Based on TEC Variations?
Authors: Ikuta R. , Oba R.
Published: March 2022

The possible relation between pre‐earthquake processes and ionospheric fluctuations is widely investigated and debated. Here, we conduct a numerical experiment to examine two studies that reported preseismic anomalies in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and argue for the significance of their respective analyses based on statistical evaluations. The first study is that by Liu et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2018.03.11.01), who statistically investigated the relationship between 62 M ≥ 6 earthquakes occurred in China over an 18‐year period and the TEC, which was deduced from the Global Ionospheric Map. According to this study, the TEC showed anomalies with specific polarities at certain days and times that preceded the earthquakes. Earthquake alarms they defined based on these anomalies showed a good performance. We conduct this same analysis using random synthetic earthquakes and obtain results that closely match those by Liu et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2018.03.11.01), thus indicating that the good performance of the Liu et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2018.03.11.01) alarm is an artifact. The second study is that by Le et al. (2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010ja015781), who classified the TEC time series into anomalous and non‐anomalous days based on the TEC perturbation. They found that the anomalous day rate increased as the nucleation time of the earthquakes was approached, especially for larger and shallower earthquakes. We conduct the same analysis using random synthetic earthquakes. The anomalous day rate that is comparable to their result occurs in ∼40% of the 1,000 random trials, thereby suggesting that their result may also be an artifact.
A Mesoscale Eddy With Submesoscale Spiral Bands Observed From Seismic Reflection Sections in the Northwind Basin, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Yang Shun , Song Haibin , Coakley Bernard , Zhang Kun , Fan Wenhao
Published: March 2022

The Arctic Ocean is well‐known for its large number of mesoscale eddies. We observed a lens‐shaped mesoscale eddy by using two roughly perpendicular multichannel reflection seismic sections collected in the Northwind Basin, Arctic Ocean in late September 2011. This is the first seismic imaging of the water column in the Arctic Ocean. The two lines were acquired about seven days apart. The eddy had a horizontal scale of ∼56 km and extended from near‐surface to 300 m. The thickness of the eddy was ∼250 m. The eddy core, characterized by weak reflections, has a radius of ∼13 km. The volume of core water was ∼89 km3. The horizontal current velocity collected by acoustic Doppler current profiler simultaneously with the seismic data shows that the eddy had a rigid core with a rotation period of ∼26 hr, and max azimuthal velocities of 0.59 m s−1. The velocity outside the core decreased in a quadratic inverse curve with the radius. During the observation, the eddy moved westward with an advection velocity of ∼1 cm s−1, and the net transport of the core water was about 0.05 Sv. There were multi‐arm structures at the boundaries of the eddy, forming submesoscale spiral bands. The steep spiral arms (dip angle can be up to ∼4°) may be caused by eddy stirring. Seismic observations provide important insights into our understanding of the vertical structure of ocean eddies, the horizontal and vertical transport of matter, and fluxes of heat that can cause sea ice melting in the Arctic Ocean.
A Long‐Lasting Precipitation Deficit in South China During Autumn‐Winter 2020/2021: Combined Effect of ENSO and Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Sun Bo , Wang Huijun , Li Huixin , Zhou Botao , Duan Mingkeng , Li Hua
Published: March 2022

A severe persistent drought occurred in South China during autumn–winter 2020/2021, causing enormous economic losses and severe water shortage in South China. Focusing on this event, this study analyzed the climate anomalies associated with this event, and investigated the underlying mechanisms as well as their relationship with the leading modes of the autumn and winter precipitation in eastern China. The results suggest that the drought in South China during autumn 2020 is mainly attributed to the water vapor divergence anomalies induced by an anomalous anticyclone over eastern China and an anomalous cyclone over the South China Sea, which are caused by an anomalous Eurasian atmospheric wave‐train triggered by the negative sea ice anomalies in the Barents Sea‐Kara Sea region and a La Niña‐like condition in the tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, respectively. The continued drought in South China during winter 2020/2021 is mainly attributed to the water vapor divergence anomalies induced by an anomalous cyclone over the western North Pacific, which is caused by the continued La Niña‐like condition. The mechanisms of the first two leading modes of autumn precipitation in eastern China both contributed to the drought in South China during autumn 2020, whereas the mechanisms of the first leading mode of winter precipitation in eastern China played an important role in causing the drought in South China during winter 2020/2021. Numerical experiments demonstrate important impact of the ENSO and Arctic sea ice anomalies on the East Asian climate anomalies during autumn–winter 2020/2021.
Randomized study of two endo-knives for the traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kitagawa Yoshiyasu , Ishigaki Asuka , Nishii Rino , Sugita Osamu , Suzuki Takuto
Published: March 2022

Needle-type devices, such as the DualKnife (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), are widely used for traction-assisted esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) but require a prolonged operation time. An improved model of the ITknife (Olympus), the ITknife nano, may allow faster and easier ESD than the DualKnife. We conducted a randomized study to compare the performances of the DualKnife and the ITknife nano for traction-assisted esophageal ESD. Patients with early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were eligible for this study. The primary outcome was the total procedure time. The secondary outcomes were submucosal dissection time, en bloc, and complete resection rates, perforation rate, and adverse events. Results Fifty patients were equally divided into two groups: the DualKnife group (D-group) and the ITknife nano group (I-group), and all underwent the assigned treatment. The I-group had significantly shorter total procedure time (36.8 vs. 60.7 min; P < 0.01) and submucosal dissection time (17.2 vs. 35.8 min; P < 0.01) than the D-group. The en bloc and complete resection rates were sufficiently high in both groups (100% and 100% in the D-group and 100% and 96% in the I-group, respectively). Significantly fewer hemostatic procedures due to intraoperative bleeding were performed in the I-group than in the D-group (0.2 vs. 1.4; P < 0.01). Delayed bleeding, perforation, or esophageal stricture did not occur in either group. The ITknife nano exhibited lower procedure time for traction-assisted esophageal ESD than the DualKnife, without increasing adverse events.
In vitro assessment of skin sensitization, irritability and toxicity of bacteriocins and reuterin for possible topical applications
Authors: Soltani Samira , Boutin Yvan , Couture Frédéric , Biron Eric , Subirade Muriel , Fliss Ismail
Published: March 2022

Bacteriocins and reuterin are promising antimicrobials for application in food, veterinary, and medical sectors. In the light of their high potential for application in hand sanitizer, we investigated the skin toxicity of reuterin, microcin J25, pediocin PA-1, bactofencin A, and nisin Z in vitro using neutral red and LDH release assays on NHEK cells. We determined their skin sensitization potential using the human cell line activation test (h-CLAT). Their skin irritation potential was measured on human epidermal model EpiDerm™. We showed that the viability and membrane integrity of NHEK cells remained unaltered after exposure to bacteriocins and reuterin at concentrations up to 400 µg/mL and 80 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, microcin J25 and reuterin showed no skin sensitization at concentrations up to 100 µg/mL and 40 mg/mL, respectively, while pediocin PA-1, bactofencin A, and nisin Z caused sensitization at concentrations higher than 100 µg/mL. Tissue viability was unaffected in presence of bacteriocins and reuterin at concentrations up to 200 µg/mL and 40 mg/mL, respectively, which was confirmed by measuring cytokine IL-1α and IL-8 levels and by histological analysis. In conclusion, the current study provides scientific evidence that some bacteriocins and reuterin, could be safely applied topically as sanitizers at recommended concentrations.
Novel In Silico mRNA vaccine design exploiting proteins of M. tuberculosis that modulates host immune responses by inducing epigenetic modifications
Authors: Al Tbeishat H.
Published: March 2022

Tuberculosisis an airborne infectious disease caused byMycobacterium tuberculosis. BCG is the only approved vaccine. However, it has limited global efficacy. Pathogens could affect the transcription of host genes, especially the ones related to the immune system, by inducing epigenetic modifications. Many proteins ofM. tuberculosiswere found to affect the host’s epigenome. Nine proteins were exploited in this study to predict epitopes to develop an mRNA vaccine against tuberculosis. Many immunoinformatics tools were employed to construct this vaccine to elicit cellular and humoral immunity. We performed molecular docking between selected epitopes and their corresponding MHC alleles. Thirty epitopes, an adjuvant TLR4 agonist RpfE, constructs for subcellular trafficking, secretion booster, and specific linkers were combined to develop the vaccine. This proposed construct was tested to cover 99.38% of the population. Moreover, it was tested to be effective and safe. An in silico immune simulation of the vaccine was also performed to validate our hypothesis. It also underwent codon optimization to ensure mRNA’s efficient translation once it reaches the cytosol of a human host. Furthermore, secondary and tertiary structures of the vaccine peptide were predicted and docked against TLR-4 and TLR-3.Molecular dynamics simulation was performed to validate the stability of the binding complex. It was found that this proposed construction can be a promising vaccine against tuberculosis. Hence, our proposed construct is ready for wet-lab experiments to approve its efficacy.
Constitutive modeling of an electro-magneto-rheological fluid
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Sarangi Somnath
Published: March 2022

The present article deals with a continuum mechanics-based method to model an electro-magneto-rheological (EMR) fluid deformation subjected to an electromagnetic field. The proposed method follows the fundamental laws of physics, including the principles of thermodynamics. We start with the general balance laws for mass, linear momentum, angular momentum, energy, and the second law of thermodynamics in the form of Clausius–Duhem inequality with Maxwell’s equations. Then, we formulated a generalized constitutive model for EMR fluids following the representation theorem. Later, we validate the model with the results of an EMR rheometer and ER fluid valve system-based configurations. At last, the possible simulation-based velocity profiles are also discussed for parallel plate configuration. As a result, we succeed in providing more physics-based analytical findings than the existing studies in the literature.
Propofol prevents further prolongation of QT interval during liver transplantation
Authors: Kim Seung Hyun , Lee Jae Geun , Ju Hyang Mi , Choi SuYoun , Yang Hyukjin , Koo Bon-Nyeo
Published: March 2022

Here, we aimed to compare the effects of two anesthetic methods (desflurane inhalation anesthesia vs. propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA)] on corrected QT interval (QTc) values during living donor liver transplantation. Altogether, 120 patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation were randomized to either the desflurane or TIVA group. The primary outcome was intraoperative QTc change. Other electrocardiogram, hemodynamic findings and postoperative outcomes were examined as secondary outcomes. QTc values were prolonged intraoperatively in both groups; however, the change was smaller in the TIVA group than in the desflurane group (PGroup × Time < 0.001). More patients had QTc values of > 500 ms in the desflurane group than in the TIVA group (63.3% vs. 28.3%, P < 0.001). In patients with preoperative QTc prolongation, QTc was further prolonged in the desflurane group, but not in the TIVA group (PGroup × Time < 0.001). Intraoperative norepinephrine and vasopressin use were higher in the desflurane group than in the TIVA group. Propofol-based TIVA may reduce QTc prolongation during living donor liver transplantation compared to that observed with desflurane inhalational anesthesia, particularly in patients with preoperative QTc prolongation. Additionally, patients managed with propofol-based TIVA required less vasopressor during the procedure as compared with those managed with desflurane inhalational anesthesia.