bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rammefaktorenes betydning for mat- og helseundervisningen på 1.- 4.trinn
Authors: Helland Merete , Aadland Eli Kristin , Ask Anne Selvik , Sandvik Camilla
Published: April 2021

Mat og helse har kompetansemål etter 4. trinn i norsk grunnskole, men få studier har sett på betydningen av rammefaktorer for undervisningen i mat og helse på barnetrinnet. I denne studien undersøker vi læreres og skolelederes oppfatninger av rammefaktorer og forskjeller mellom skolenes rammefaktorer, som lærerkvalifikasjoner, timeplanfestet undervisning, organisering, budsjett og utstyr. Data ble samlet inn gjennom 24 kvalita­tive intervju, fordelt på 9 med skoleledere og 15 med mat- og helselærere. Intervjuene ble gjennomført på 12 utvalgte praksisskoler fra alle landsdeler i Norge. Til tross for kort undervisningserfaring og manglende studiekompetanse i faget opplever både lærere og ledelse at de har tilstrekkelig med kompetanse til å undervise i faget på 1.–4. trinn. Læreren styrer ofte innholdet i faget selv, og det å timeplanfeste mat- og helseunder­visningen på 1.–4. trinn har en gunstig innflytelse på prioriteringen av mat og helse i barneskolen. I situasjoner der råvarer eller nytt utstyr handles inn, har mat- og helse­læreren et nøkternt pengebruk. Ikke alle skolene har undervisningskjøkken tilgjengelig for bruk på 1.–4. trinn, noe som kan føre til en teoretisering av undervisningen. Til tross for til dels gammelt utstyr i undervisningskjøkkenet, opplever lærerne at de har til­strekkelig med utstyr til å undervise 1.–4. trinn. De oppgir sambruk av undervisnings­rommet som en større utfordring.
Nøkkelord: mat- og helseundervisning, rammefaktorer, budsjett, utstyr, lærerkvalifikasjoner, 1.–4. trinn
Screening Tests of Reading: Time for a Rethink
Authors: Walgermo Bente Rigmor , Uppstad Per Henning , Lundetræ Kjersti , Tønnessen Finn Egil , Solheim Oddny Judith
Published: April 2021

A Norwegian version of this article has formerly been published in this journal:Walgermo, B. R., Uppstad, P. H., Lundetræ, K., Tønnessen, F. E., & Solheim, O. J. (2018). Kartleggingsprøver i lesing-tid for nytenking?. Acta Didactica Norge, 12(4), art. 7. https://doi.org/10.5617/adno.6499.
Abstract
At present, the national Norwegian quality-assessment system for basic education (NKVS) includes a range of reading tests with different purposes and designs, to be administered at various points during a 13-year period of schooling. In this article, we trace the historical background to the introduction of screening tests of reading in early education and identify a number of circumstances that call for a rethink of the overall test concept. Using data from a longitudinal study, we show that scores on a brief task administered towards the end of grade 1 predict reading-comprehension difficulties in grade 3. Taking that finding as our starting point, we discuss an idea for a possible new test concept that might have the potential to (a) improve the match between reading theory and reading-skill measurements, (b) enable longitudinal prediction, and (c) take less time to administer and be more useful in an educational context. The central elements of this new test concept are a short initial test meeting the primary objective of identifying students at risk of developing reading difficulties, and a follow-up explorative part to be carried out one-on-one, which will provide the teacher with information about the nature of each student’s difficulties.
Keywords: reading assessments, screening for reading difficulties, longitudinal predic­tion, early efforts, dyslexia, reading and writing difficulties, special-needs education
Public law and municipal leadership and territorial public self-government: legal, institutional and communicative aspects
Authors: Kravets Anna
Published: April 2021

This article reveals the public law concept of “leadership”, theoretical grounds of municipal leadership, its role within the system of municipal democracy and territorial public self-government from the perspective of integral legal understanding and a communicative approach towards law. The goal of this research consists in the analysis of conceptual and normative legal framework of the institutions of public law and municipal leadership, impact of the institution of leadership upon development of the forms of municipal democracy in the context of Russian and foreign experience, as well as peculiarities of the influence of the institution of public law leadership upon the forms of governance in territorial public self-government The subject of this research is the scientific views, normative legal framework of regulation, organizational practice of the institution of public law and municipal leadership in territorial public self-government in the context of functionality of the forms of municipal democracy. The article employs the formal legal and comparative analysis, methods of dialectics, municipal legal hermeneutics, communicative approach, and critical rationalism in legal studies, which allows viewing the municipal leadership as a complex interdisciplinary legal and administrative institution that assists the implementation of the forms of municipal democracy, and improves the effectiveness of the territorial self-government in cooperation with branches and officials of the local self-government. The following conclusions are made: the institution of public law leadership should be viewed as interdisciplinary, which incorporates the sphere of public law on the one hand, and the sphere of state and municipal administration on the other hand; the works of the Russian and foreign researchers indicate that the  concepts of transformational leadership, leadership-service and adaptive leadership can be analytically applied to the institution of municipal leadership; it is necessary to improve the institution of public law and municipal leadership, and ensure new spheres of juridification of the requirements for the heads of territorial self-government on the federal and municipal levels.
Design of a Compact Solar Cell Meshed Antenna for WLAN/WIMAX Application
Authors: Baccouch C. , Bahar C. , Sakli H. , Aguili T.
Published: April 2021

Patch antenna is a low-profile antenna that has a number of advantages, low cost, light weight,easy to feed and their attractive radiation characteristics. For aWiMAX communication system, a microstrip patch antenna which operates at 2.76 GHz frequency band was presented in this work. The hybrid system solar cell antenna allows energy recovery as well as RF Transmission. A simulation process, withMATLAB, is used to determine the electrical power collected by the studied system as a photovoltaic cell. As a antenna, parameters such as gain, directivity, radiation pattern and radiated power were studied. Simulation results, showed a resonance frequency of the antenna at 2.76 GHz with an effective return loss of -18.64dB and a gain of 6.58dBi. Thereafter, an optical rectenna based on a solar cell antenna was proposed and studied.
Engrenagens e extensões do corpo feminino: a mulher ciborgue no trabalho
Authors: Souza Karine Freitas
Published: April 2021

Profissões “femininas” exigiram conhecimentos sobre as tecnologias dos escritórios nos séculos XX e XXI. As secretárias sempre foram representadas em relações “amorosas” com estas máquinas. Considerando tais informações, perguntamo-nos: quais as relações existentes entre mulheres trabalhadoras, em particular, secretárias, e as tecnologias em escritórios manifestas na ficção dos quadrinhos e filmes? Este trabalho objetiva realizar uma breve análise, a partir do Manifesto Ciborgue de Donna Haraway (2013), sobre como astecnologias atuaram na condição de engrenagens e extensões do corpo das secretárias nos quadrinhos e filmes.No tocante à abordagem, o estudo é qualitativo; quanto aos objetivos, ele é exploratório e, por fim, quanto aos procedimentos técnicos adotados, tem-se que ele é documental e bibliográfico. Com base nas análises realizadas, foi possível perceber que as mulheres representadas nas ficções gráficas e cinematográficas analisadas neste trabalho podem ser consideradas ícones ciborgues sob a perspectiva do Manifesto Ciborgue.
Socialização profissional de secretários executivos
Authors: Pontes Emiliano Sousa , Lima Tereza Cristina Batista de , Santos Sandra Maria dos , Cabral Augusto Cézar de Aquino
Published: April 2021

A socialização profissional é o processo de inserção do indivíduo em uma profissão e leva em consideração sua trajetória acadêmica e profissional. O presente estudo tem o objetivo de analisar a socialização profissional de secretários executivos, por meio de duas das três fases da socialização profissional de Kramer et al. (2013): transição, que consiste na aplicação dos conhecimentos, habilidades, normas e valores inerentes à profissão na prática profissional e integração, ao serem analisados os papéis profissionais desempenhados e as comunidades profissionais em que os secretários executivos são engajados. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com quinze secretários executivos que trabalham em organizações localizadas no estado do Ceará. A análise dos resultados elucida a importância da profissão de secretariado executivo para a gestão organizacional e a contribuição do estudo está no fomento à literatura nacional sobre socialização profissional, ainda escassa.
Intenção empreendedora e a influência das teorias do comportamento planejado e dos valores humanos
Authors: Marcon Déborah Luiza , Silveira Amélia , Frizon Jucelia Appio
Published: April 2021

Os empreendedores destacam-se como agentes de fortalecimento das economias locais pelo seu poder de promover o crescimento econômico ligado aos seus negócios. Investigar a formação da Intenção Empreendedora (IE) é determinante para o entendimento do processo de empreendedorismo. Baseando-se na Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP) de Ajzen (1991) e na Teoria dos Valores Humanos de Schwartz (2001), este trabalho objetivou identificar a influência do comportamento planejado e dos valores humanos na IE de estudantes universitários de 11 instituições de ensino do Sudoeste do Paraná. O universo de pesquisa abrangeu os discentes do 3° e 4° anos dos cursos de Administração. Para coleta dos dados utilizou-se um questionário composto pelos itens: Sociodemográfico; Questionário de Perfis de Valores (QPV) de Schwartz (2001); Questionário de Intenção Empreendedora (QIE) de Liñán e Chen (2009); e três itens da Escala de Intenção Empreendedora de Thompson (2009). Por meio da análise de Regressão Linear Múltipla, os resultados evidenciaram que o constructo Atitudes Pessoais, da TCP, mostrou-se como o mais influente, na IE, em relação aos demais. Percepção de Controle do Comportamento posicionou-se em segundo lugar. Para os constructos da Teoria dos Valores Humanos, os valores de autopromoção se mostraram significativos, desempenhando influência positiva na IE dos alunos pesquisados. O modelo baseado na TCP permitiu explicar 51,1% da variância da IE, o que constitui um valor médio. O modelo dos valores humanos adicionados permitiu explicar 51,8% da variância na IE. Esta pesquisa evidenciou ainda, o fator regionalidade, possibilitando futuros estudos comparativos entre estados e regiões brasileiras.
Dinâmica de engajamento em equipes de projetos
Authors: Nascimento Luan David Pereira , Oliveira Thiago , Medeiros Junior Josué Vitor , Gurgel André Morais
Published: April 2021

A presente pesquisa busca analisar a dinâmica do engajamento de membros de uma equipe em um projeto de estruturação de um Parque Tecnológico, ligado a uma instituição pública federal de ensino superior. Com base na metodologia da Dinâmica de Sistemas, investigou-se as percepções dos membros sobre as atividades executadas e o desempenho da equipe ao longo do ciclo de vida do projeto. As entrevistas semiestruturadas com os membros do projeto orientado pelo modelo JD-R (Job Demands-Resources) foram realizadas, transcritas e codificadas, através da análise de discurso e conteúdo. Como resultado, foi elaborado um diagrama causal com a estrutura básica de feedbacks, representando a dinâmica relacionada a este fenômeno de engajamento e os seus fatores relacionados. Os resultados demonstram que o engajamento dos membros da equipe está ligado a enlaces causais de reforço creditados ao reconhecimento e a execução das práticas de gestão de projetos. Além disso, sofre ainda influências de enlaces de equilíbrio relacionados a dificuldade de conciliar as demandas do projeto com as atribuições diárias, a falta de apoio da chefia imediata e os impedimentos surgidos durante a execução das atividades do projeto. Dessa forma, medidas de aperfeiçoamento para alavancar o engajamento são propostas.
Concurrent Occurrence of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis and Oesophagitis in an Immunocompromised Male Patient
Authors: Ghule Aishwarya Dilip , Acharya Sourya , Shukla Samarth , Oke Yogendra , Pratapa Sree Kartik
Published: April 2021

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-stranded Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) virus which causes severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. Chorioretinitis accounts for 80-90% of CMV infection in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) having CD4 (Cluster of Differentiation) counts <50 μ/mL, and rarely in those with CD4 counts more than 100 μ/mL. In developing countries, CMV infection is known to cause blindness in 5-25% of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected individuals. After colitis, oesophagitis is the most common Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) manifestation of CMV in immunocompromised individuals. In immunocompetent individuals the disease associated with CMV is often self-limiting. So, authors presented a case report of 40-year-old HIV infected male, with CD4 count of 75 μ/mL, having complaints of dysphagia and concomitant blindness. On the basis of an array of investigations, he was diagnosed as having CMV retinitis with oesophagitis. He had a predictable outcome after treatment with Gancyclovir (GCV). Thus, in immunocompromised individuals, especially with a CD4 count <100 μ/mL, surveillance of oesophagitis and retinitis with endoscopic and fundoscopic interventions, respectively, must be done. This can help in improving life expectancy in such individuals.
iRGD‐Liposomes Enhance Tumor Delivery and Therapeutic Efficacy of Antisense Oligonucleotide Drugs against Primary Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastasis
Authors: Guan Jibin , Guo Hong , Tang Tang , Wang Yihan , Wei Yushuang , Seth Punit , Li Yingming , Dehm Scott M. , Ruoslahti Erkki , Pang Hong‐Bo
Published: April 2021

Nucleotide‐based drugs, such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), have unique advantages in treating human diseases as they provide virtually unlimited ability to target any gene. However, their clinical translation faces many challenges, one of which is poor delivery to the target tissue in vivo. This problem is particularly evident in solid tumors. Here, liposomes are functionalized with a tumor‐homing and ‐penetrating peptide, iRGD, as a carrier of an ASO against androgen receptor (AR) for prostate cancer treatment. The iRGD‐liposomes exhibit a high loading efficiency of AR‐ASO, and an efficient knockdown of AR gene products is achieved in vitro, including AR splice variants. In vivo, iRGD‐liposomes significantly increase AR‐ASO accumulation in the tumor tissue and decrease AR expression relative to free ASOs in prostate tumors established as subcutaneous xenografts. Similar results are obtained with intra‐tibial xenografts modeling metastasis to bones, the predominant site of metastasis for prostate cancer. In treatment studies, iRGD‐liposomes markedly improve the AR‐ASO efficacy in suppressing the growth of both subcutaneous xenografts and intra‐tibial xenografts. The inhibitory effect on tumor growth is also significantly prolonged by the delivery of the AR‐ASO in the iRGD‐liposomes. Meanwhile, iRGD‐liposomes does not increase ASO accumulation or toxicity in healthy organs. Overall, a delivery system that can significantly increase ASO accumulation and efficacy in solid tumors is provided here. These benefits are achieved without significant side effects, providing a way to increase the antitumor efficacy of ASOs.
Mechanically Reconfigurable Organic Photonic Integrated Circuits Made from Two Electronically Different Flexible Microcrystals
Authors: Ravi Jada , Annadhasan Mari , Kumar Avulu Vinod , Chandrasekar Rajadurai
Published: April 2021

Fabrication of microscale organic photonic integrated circuits (μ‐OPIC) from two electronically different flexible crystals via a mechanophotonics approach is demonstrated here. The experiments focus on the mechanical micromanipulation of orange‐emitting (E)‐1‐(4‐(dimethylamino)‐phenyl)iminomethyl‐2‐hydroxyl‐naphthalene (DPIN) and green‐emitting (E)‐1‐(4‐bromo)iminomethyl‐2‐hydroxyl‐naphthalene (BPIN) crystals with atomic force cantilever tip. The flexibility of these crystals originate from molecular H‐bonding, CH∙∙∙π, and π···π stacking interactions. These mechanically compliant crystals form exceedingly bent and photonically relevant reconfigurable geometries during micromanipulation, including three μ‐OPICs. Remarkably, these μ‐OPICs operate through passive‐, active‐waveguiding and energy transfer mechanisms. Depending upon the crystal's electronic nature (either BPIN or DPIN) receiving the optical signal input, the circuit executes mechanism‐selective and direction‐specific optical outputs. The presented proof‐of‐principle concepts can be used to fabricate complex photonic circuits with diverse, flexible crystals performing multiple optical functions.
An Artificial Peripheral Neural System Based on Highly Stretchable and Integrated Multifunctional Sensors
Authors: Liao Xinqin , Song Weitao , Zhang Xiangyu , Jin Haoran , Liu Siyu , Wang Yongtian , Thean Aaron Voon‐Yew , Zheng Yuanjin
Published: April 2021

Prostheses and robots have been affecting all aspects of life. Making them conscious and intelligent like humans is appealing and exciting, while there is a huge contrast between progress and strong demand. An alternative strategy is to develop an artificial peripheral neural system with high‐performance bionic receptors. Here, a novel functional composite material that can serve as a key ingredient to simultaneously construct different artificial exteroceptive sensors (AE sensors) and artificial proprioceptive sensors (AP sensors) is demonstrated. Both AP sensors and AE sensors demonstrate outstandingly high stretchability; up to 200% stretching strain and possess the superior performance of fast response and high stability. An artificial peripheral neural system integrated with the highly stretchable AP sensor and AE sensor is constructed, which makes a significant breakthrough in the perception foundation of efficient proprioception and exteroception for intelligent prostheses and soft robots. Accurate feedback on the activities of body parts, music control, game manipulation, and wireless typing manifest the enormous superiority of the spatiotemporal resolution function of the artificial peripheral neural system, all of which powerfully contribute to promoting intelligent prostheses and soft robots into sophistication, and are expected to make lives more fascinating.
Achieving Desirable Initial Coulombic Efficiencies and Full Capacity Utilization of Li‐Ion Batteries by Chemical Prelithiation of Graphite Anode
Authors: Shen Yifei , Shen Xiaohui , Yang Mei , Qian Jiangfeng , Cao Yuliang , Yang Hanxi , Luo Yang , Ai Xinping
Published: April 2021

Chemical prelithiation is an effective approach to elevate the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and energy utilization of Li‐ion battery electrodes. However, this approach fails to operate for the most commonly used graphite (Gr) anode, because all the prelithiation reagents reported so far have a much higher redox potential than Gr (≈0.2 V). Based on ionic solvation and coordination chemistry, for the first time, a new design strategy is proposed for prelithiation solution by selecting a strong electron‐donating, sterically hindered, and chemically stable solvent to tune the redox potential of prelithiation reagent and also to prevent the solvent co‐intercalation during prelithiation process, thus enabling a successful prelithiation of Gr anodes. By theoretical prediction and experimental evaluation, a chemical prelithiation solution, lithium biphenylide/2‐methyl tetrahydrofuran, is successfully developed, which can prelithiate Gr anodes accurately to a desired state in few minutes without destroying the lattice structure of Gr. When the prelithiated Gr anodes (pGr) are paired with the conventional cathodes, the full cells demonstrate significantly improved ICEs and higher energy densities than their counterparts using pristine Gr anodes, showing a great prospect for wide Li‐ion battery applications.
Rational Electronic and Structural Designs Advance BiCuSeO Thermoelectrics
Authors: Gu Yan , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Pan Lin , Liu Wei‐Di , Sun Qiang , Tang Xiao , Kou Liang‐Zhi , Liu Qing‐Feng , Wang Yi‐Feng , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: April 2021

In this work, a record high thermoelectric figure‐of‐merit ZT of 1.6 ± 0.2 at 873 K in p‐type polycrystalline Bi0.94Pb0.06CuSe1.01O0.99 by a synergy of rational band manipulation and novel nanostructural design is reported. First‐principles density functional theory calculation results indicate that the density of state at the Fermi level that crosses the valence band can be significantly reduced and the measured optical bandgap can be enlarged from 0.70 to 0.74 eV by simply replacing 1% O with 1% Se, both indicating a potentially reduced carrier concentration and in turn, an improved carrier mobility and a boosted power factor up to 9.0 µW cm−1 K−2. Meanwhile, comprehensive characterizations reveal that under Se‐rich condition, Cu2Se secondary microphases and significant lattice distortions triggered by Pb‐doping and Se‐substitution can be simultaneously achieved, contributing to a reduced lattice thermal conductivity of 0.4 W m−1 K−1. Furthermore, a unique shear exfoliation technique enables an effective grain refinement with higher anisotropy of the polycrystalline pellet, leading to a further improved power factor up to 10.9 µW cm−1 K−2 and a further reduced lattice thermal conductivity of 0.30 W m−1 K−1, which gives rise to record high ZT.
Interlamellar Lithium‐Ion Conductor Reformed Interface for High Performance Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Nan Yang , Li Songmei , Han Chao , Yan Huibo , Ma Yuxuan , Liu Jianhua , Yang Shubin , Li Bin
Published: April 2021

Lithium metal anodes are promising for application in new‐type secondary batteries. Unfortunately, low cycle life and safety peril induced by uncontrollable dendrites growth and weak solid electrolyte interface (SEI) have blocked their utilization. In this work, an interlamellar lithium‐ion conductor of lithium‐montmorillonite (Li‐MMT) is applied to enhance the SEI properties, inhibit dendrites‐germination, and thus significantly enhance electrochemical performance. Such a well‐designed Li‐MMT SEI not only possesses inherent fast lithium‐ion channels, but also works as a reservoir to supply adequate lithium‐ions in the interlaminations and periphery of Li‐MMT nanosheets, offering fast lithium‐ion transfer in interlaminations and sheet‐to‐sheet. Furthermore, the strong trend of lithium‐ion absorption of Li‐MMT is confirmed by density functional theory calculations and stable lithium deposition under Li‐MMT SEI layer at 10 mA cm−2is verified via finite element modeling. As a result, a steady lithium deposition process without dendrites is achieved. Coulombic efficiency of the half‐cell accomplishes a mean value of 99.1% over 400 cycles at 1 mA cm−2, while Li‐LiFePO4full cells show a stable capacity up to 120 mAh g−1and steady circulation over 400 loops at 1C. This work offers a novel strategy to design a high‐performance SEI layer and suppress dendrite growth.
All‐Scale Hierarchical Structure Contributing to Ultralow Thermal Conductivity of Zintl Phase CaAg0.2Zn0.4Sb
Authors: Chen Jie , Xue Wenhua , Chen Chen , Li Hongxing , Cai Canying , Zhang Qian , Wang Yumei
Published: April 2021

TiNiSi‐type Zintl phase CaAgSb can transform into LiGaGe‐type Zintl phase CaAgxZn(1−x)/2Sb when some of the Ag atoms are substituted by Zn atoms, leading to an ultralow thermal conductivity of ≈0.4 W m−1 K−1 in the whole measured temperature range of CaAg0.2Zn0.4Sb. The microstructure is then investigated by spherical aberration‐corrected electron microscopy on an atomic scale, which reveals an all‐scale hierarchical structure that can scatter the phonons in a wide frequency range. There exist a large quantity of CaAgSb nanometer precipitates as well as quite a lot of edge dislocations close to these nanometer precipitates, thus releasing the stress caused by the mismatch between the precipitates and the parent phase. Many twin boundaries also exist around the CaAgSb precipitates. High‐density point defects contain the randomly dispersed Ag vacancies and Zn atoms substituted for the Ag atoms. All these widely distributed multidimensional defects contribute to the decrease of lattice thermal conductivity in a wide temperature range.
Effects of social support on mental health for critical care nurses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Japan: A web‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tatsuno Junko , Unoki Takeshi , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Hamamoto Miya
Published: April 2021

Aim

The aim of this study was to examine whether high social support has a protective effect on mental health for critical care nurses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.

Methods

This cross‐sectional anonymous web‐based survey was conducted from November 5 to December 5, 2020, in Japan and included critical care nurses. The invitation was distributed via mailing lists.

Results

Of the 334 responses that were obtained, 64.4% were from female respondents, and their mean age was 37.4. Of the total, 269 (80.5%) were taking care of COVID‐19 patients at the time the study was conducted. Participants with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were found to be older (P < 0.05), and those with an education level of a 4‐year college degree or higher had fewer PTSD symptoms (P < 0.05). Those experiencing anxiety and depressive symptoms had lower social support scores. Having a 4‐year college degree and higher (odds ratio [OR] 0.622, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39–0.99) was significantly associated with a lower probability of PTSD. Social support scores and the female sex were not associated with PTSD. Regarding anxiety symptoms, being female and having lower social support were independently associated with a higher probability. Regarding depression symptoms, lower social support was independently associated with a higher probability (OR 0.953, 95% CI 0.93–0.97).

Conclusion

It was found that social support was not associated with PTSD; however, it was associated with depression and anxiety symptoms for intensive care nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Graphene Nanoflake Antibody Conjugates for Multimodal Imaging of Tumors
Authors: Lamb Jennifer , Šimaitis Joris , Halukeerthi Siriney O. , Salzmann Christoph G. , Holland Jason P.
Published: April 2021

Graphene‐based materials are promising scaffolds for use in the design of tailored‐made nanomedicines. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a series of multifunctional carboxylated graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) conjugated to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for tumor‐specific binding and modulation of pharmacokinetics is presented. GNF–mAb constructs are coupled to a fluorophore (4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene [BODIPY]) for applications in optical imaging, a paramagnetic Gd3+ complex, [GdDOTAGA(H2O)]−, and the hexadentate chelate desferrioxamine B (DFO) for radiolabeling with 89Zr4+ (t1/2 = 78.41 h) ions and applications in dual‐modality positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI). Experimental properties of [89Zr]GdDOTAGA–ZrDFO–GNF–trastuzumab are tested in extensive chemical, spectroscopic, radiochemical, and cellular assays in vitro, and assessment of the pharmacokinetics by PET imaging in mice bearing a human ovarian cancer model illustrates the potential of using GNF–mAbs to develop multifunctional PET/MRI probes.
Material‐mediated cell immobilization technology in the biological fermentation proces
Authors: Gao Hao , Lu Jiasheng , Jiang Yujia , Fang Yan , Tang Yunhan , Yu Ziyi , Zhang Wenming , Xin Fengxue , Jiang Min
Published: April 2021

Cell immobilization technology has shown much potential in the field of biological fermentation owing to its simple operation, maintenance of long‐term cell viability, repeatability, good stability, and high tolerance. Compared with free‐cell fermentation, immobilized cells show strong growth and metabolism performance in complex environments, such as environments with low pH, or with high concentrations of substrate and product. The metabolic properties of immobilized cells mainly depend on the carrier materials. In recent years, polymer membrane materials have attracted much attention because of their good mechanical properties and flexible support structure. In addition to improving the activity and stability of immobilized cells, biocompatibility modification can also be carried out on the surface of the carrier, which can reduce specific non‐biological interactions between the cells and the carrier. In this review, current advances in cell immobilization using different materials in the field of biological fermentation are reviewed. Perspectives on immobilized cells and the challenges associated with them in the field of biological fermentation are also addressed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Integrating sustainability and resilience in the supply chain: A systematic literature review and a research agenda
Authors: Negri Marta , Cagno Enrico , Colicchia Claudia , Sarkis Joseph
Published: April 2021

Sustainability has emerged as an important industrial strategic outlook expanding beyond organizational boundaries to include the supply chain. Simultaneously, the industry has also been faced with supply chain resilience concerns. Research on the intersection of supply chain sustainability and resilience is nascent and is a consequence of their observed mutual influences. However, confusion about concepts, implementation methods, and measurements of sustainable and resilient supply chains remains. This study completes a systematic literature review that critically examines several major observations and directions. We find the concept of sustainable supply chains is more established, and general agreement on its theoretical foundations exists. Supply chain resilience is relatively less mature. The nexus and relationships between the two topics are often incoherent: there is confusion on sustainable and resilient supply chains establishment; there is no clarity on what practices could jointly advance both areas. A major conflict exists since sustainability generally focuses on efficiency, while resilience seeks effectiveness. We recommend studies to analyze implementation relationships and impact. We also observe that performance measurement systems should be developed to assess supply chain sustainability and resilience performance taking with explicit consideration time horizons considered in these measures.
Industry 4.0 technologies in the manufacturing sector: Are we sure they are all relevant for environmental performance?
Authors: Chiarini Andrea
Published: April 2021

This research contributes to the debate about the relevance of Industry 4.0 technologies in improving environmental performance in the manufacturing industry. We employed a qualitative–quantitative approach in which 19 Italian operations managers were interviewed and 260 managers responded to an online questionnaire. The effects of various technologies were ranked using ordinal regression. Comments and suggestions gave context to the quantitative results. Sensors, radio‐frequency identification, artificial intelligence and analytics were found to be most relevant in improving environmental performance, whereas simulation software contributed moderately. Additive manufacturing, cobots, robots, automated mobile robots and automated guided vehicles had a negative effect, augmented reality had no effect and other technologies indirectly affected environmental performance. We also found a lack of knowledge and application as well as scepticism about technologies such as artificial intelligence and augmented reality. Finally, there was concern about the disposal of electrical and electronic waste produced by these technologies.
A fog computing data reduce level to enhance the cloud of things performance
Authors: Moulahi Tarek , El Khediri Salim , Ullah Khan Rehan , Zidi Salah
Published: April 2021

Devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) generate and gather a vast amount of data. Smart devices with constrained resources cannot execute large data‐based machine learning (ML) algorithms. Therefore, in this paper, we propose, analyze, and evaluate data reduction at the Fog level. As a matter of fact, the focus of this paper is twofold: The first objective is to process the reduced datasets by ML, and the second aim is to segregate the irrelevant data and preserve the quality of the ML models. The naïve Bayesian classifier is used for model analysis. For data (attributes) reduction, the state‐of‐the‐art approaches of CF Subset Evaluation, Info Gain Evaluation, Gain Ratio Attribute Evaluation, and the principal component analysis (PCA) approaches are employed. From the implementation point of view, the naïve Bayesian classifier is used to learn the class distribution and the correlation of the classes with the rest of the features. The naïve Bayesian model is generated using the full dataset without feature reduction. Feature selection algorithms then reduce features by 50%. This reduced set is also used to generate the naïve Bayesian model, which gives us a benchmark for comparing the results with the original unreduced dataset. From the results, we find that the performance of the reduced set is either increased or is almost similar to the full set of features. With this comprehensive experimental evaluation, we believe that data reduction can provide a blueprint for avoiding unnecessary data storage and processing. The performance of the ML models is not drastically affected by feature reduction and hence demonstrates the efficacy of the reduced ML models.
Association of anaemia and all‐cause mortality in patients with ischaemic heart failure varies by renal function status
Authors: Cai Anping , Wu Zejia , Xu Lan , Xia Shuang , He Xuyu , Zhang Ying , Chen Jiyan , Zhou Yingling , Li Liwen
Published: April 2021

Aims

The aims of the current study were to evaluate the association between anaemia and all‐cause mortality according to chronic kidney disease (CKD) status and to explore at what level of haemoglobin concentration would the all‐cause mortality risk increase prominently among CKD and non‐CKD patients, respectively.

Methods and results

This is a prospective cohort study, and 1559 patients with ischaemic heart failure (IHF) were included (mean age of 63.5 ± 11.0 years, 85.8% men) from December 2015 to June 2019. Patients were divided into the CKD (n = 481) and non‐CKD (n = 1078) groups based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. In the CKD group, the incidence rate of all‐cause mortality in anaemic and non‐anaemic patients was 15.4 per 100 person‐years and 10.8 per 100 person‐years, respectively, with an incidence rate ratio of 1.42 (95% confidence interval: 1.00–2.02; P‐value = 0.05). In the non‐CKD group, the incidence rate of all‐cause mortality in anaemic and non‐anaemic patients was 9.8 per 100 person‐years and 5.5 per 100 person‐years, respectively, with an incidence rate ratio of 1.78 (95% confidence interval: 1.20–2.59; P‐value = 0.005). After a median follow‐up of 2.1 years, the cumulative incidence rate of all‐cause mortality in anaemic and non‐anaemic patients was 41.5% and 44.1% (P‐value = 0.05) in the CKD group, and 30.9% and 18.1% (P‐value < 0.0001) in the non‐CKD group. In the CKD group, cumulative incidence rate of all‐cause mortality increased prominently when haemoglobin concentration was below 100 g/L, which was not observed in the non‐CKD group.

Conclusions

Results of the current study indicated that among IHF patients, the association between anaemia and all‐cause mortality differed by the renal function status. These findings underline the importance to assess mortality risk and manage anaemia among IHF patients according to the renal function status.
UNC93B1 curbs cytosolic DNA signaling by promoting STING degradation
Authors: He Zhenliang , Ye Sichao , Xing Yifan , Jiu Yaming , Zhong Jin
Published: April 2021

UNC93B1 is a trafficking chaperone of endosomal Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and plays an essential role in the TLR‐mediated innate signaling. However, whether it is also involved in other innate immune sensing or cellular pathways remains largely unexplored. Here we investigated the role of UNC93B1 in cytosolic DNA‐triggered cGAS‐STING signaling in mouse and human cell lines. We showed that while UNC93B1 deficiency blunts the signal transduction by TLR3, it augments innate immune responses to cytosolic DNA stimulation and DNA virus infection. Mechanistic study reveals a distinct action of UNC93B1 upon STING, but not other parts along the cGAS‐STING‐TBK1 axis, through regulating the protein level of STING at both resting and cytosolic DNA‐stimulated conditions. UNC93B1 can directly interact and traffic along with STING, and the disruption of this interaction causes accumulation of STING that subsequently leads to augmented signaling responses upon its activation. These findings reveal a new function of UNC93B1 in negatively regulating STING‐mediated signaling responses.
T‐cell memory in tissues
Authors: van Gisbergen Klaas P. J. M. , Zens Kyra D. , Münz Christian
Published: April 2021

Immunological memory equips our immune system to respond faster and more effectively against reinfections. This acquired immunity was originally attributed to long‐lived, memory T and B cells with body wide access to peripheral and secondary lymphoid tissues. In recent years, it has been realized that both innate and adaptive immunity to a large degree depends on resident immune cells that act locally in barrier tissues including tissue‐resident memory T cells (Trm). Here, we will discuss the phenotype of these Trm in mice and humans, the tissues and niches that support them, and their function, plasticity, and transcriptional control. Their unique properties enable Trm to achieve long‐lived immunological memory that can be deposited in nearly every organ in response to acute and persistent infection, and in response to cancer. However, Trm may also induce substantial immunopathology in allergic and autoimmune disease if their actions remain unchecked. Therefore, inhibitory and activating stimuli appear to balance the actions of Trm to ensure rapid proinflammatory responses upon infection and to prevent damage to host tissues under steady state conditions.
Computational Exploration of Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Novel Combinations of Inorganic Ruddlesden–Popper Layered Perovskites Bi2XO4(X = Be, Mg) using Tran and Blaha‐Modified Becke–Johnson Approach for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Iqbal , Khalil R. M. Arif , Hussain Fayyaz
Published: April 2021

Herein, the layered perovskites Bi2XO4(X = Be, Mg) have been taken into account to probe into their structural and optoelectronic behavior using an ab initio technique which is solely reliant on density functional theory (DFT). To compute an improved electronic bandgap and encounter accurate contribution from d/f electronic states, the Tran and Blaha‐modified Becke–Johnson functional is used systematically, which has been considered an adequate approach to overcome limitations of the PBE–GGA functional. The conduction band minima (CBM) and the valence band maxima (VBM) are located at different values of the wave vectors yielding a noticeable indirect energy gap such as 2.80 eV for Bi2BeO4and 2.40 eV for Bi2MgO4, which discloses that studied perovskites belong to the semiconductor category. The density of states exposes that Bi‐6p states contribute in the conduction region in vicinity of 5 eV energy. Whereas Be‐s orbitals are contributing in the far region of the conduction bands. O‐2p states are located in lower energy range associated with valence bands. Large values of formation and cohesive energy of compounds indicate that these are more stable and not easily decomposable under ambient conditions. The minimal reflectivity endorses our contention that these perovskites might be very useful for potential applications in optoelectronics.
Phenotypic integration in the carnivoran backbone and the evolution of functional differentiation in metameric structures
Authors: Martín-Serra Alberto , Pérez-Ramos Alejandro , Pastor Francisco J. , Velasco David , Figueirido Borja
Published: April 2021

Explaining the origin and evolution of a vertebral column with anatomically distinct regions that characterizes the tetrapod body plan provides understanding of how metameric structures become repeated and how they acquire the ability to perform different functions. However, despite many decades of inquiry, the advantages and costs of vertebral column regionalization in anatomically distinct blocks, their functional specialization, and how they channel new evolutionary outcomes are poorly understood. Here, we investigate morphological integration (and how this integration is structured [modularity]) between all the presacral vertebrae of mammalian carnivorans to provide a better understanding of how regionalization in metameric structures evolves. Our results demonstrate that the subunits of the presacral column are highly integrated. However, underlying to this general pattern, three sets of vertebrae are recognized as presacral modules—the cervical module, the anterodorsal module, and the posterodorsal module—as well as one weakly integrated vertebra (diaphragmatic) that forms a transition between both dorsal modules. We hypothesize that the strength of integration organizing the axial system into modules may be associated with motion capability. The highly integrated anterior dorsal module coincides with a region with motion constraints to avoid compromising ventilation, whereas for the posterior dorsal region motion constraints avoid exceeding extension of the posterior back. On the other hand, the weakly integrated diaphragmatic vertebra belongs to the “Diaphragmatic joint complex”—a key region of the mammalian column of exceedingly permissive motion. Our results also demonstrate that these modules do not match with the traditional morphological regions, and we propose natural selection as the main factor shaping this pattern to stabilize some regions and to allow coordinate movements in others.
Shenandoah Watershed Study‐Virginia Trout Stream Sensitivity Study (SWAS‐VTSSS): Stream water quality and hydrologic monitoring data for mid‐Appalachian headwater streams
Authors: Riscassi Ami L. , Scanlon Todd M. , Maben Suzanne W. , Galloway James N.
Published: April 2021

The Shenandoah Watershed Study (established in 1979) and the Virginia Trout Stream Sensitivity Study (established in 1987) serve to increase understanding of hydrological and biogeochemical changes in western Virginia mountain streams that occur in response to acidic deposition and other ecosystem stressors. The SWAS‐VTSSS program has evolved over its 40+ year history to consist of a temporally robust and spatially stratified monitoring framework. Currently stream water is sampled for water quality bi‐hourly during high‐flow events at three sites and weekly at four sites within Shenandoah National Park (SHEN), and quarterly at 72 sites and on an approximately decadal frequency at ~450 sites within the wider western Virginia Appalachian region. Stream water is evaluated for pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), base cations (calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium ion), acid anions (sulphate, nitrate and chloride), silica, ammonium, and conductivity with a subset of samples evaluated for monomeric aluminium and dissolved organic carbon. Hourly stream discharge (four sites) and in‐situ measurements of conductivity, water and air temperature (three sites) are also measured within SHEN. Here we provide an overview and timeline of the SWAS‐VTSSS stream water monitoring program, summarize the field and laboratory methods, describe the water chemistry and hydrologic data sets, and document major watershed disturbances that have occurred during the program history. Website links and instructions are provided to access the stream chemistry and time‐series monitoring data in open‐access federal databases. The purpose of this publication is to promote awareness of these unique, long‐term data sets for wider use in catchment studies. The water chemistry and hydrologic data can be used to investigate a wide range of biogeochemical research questions and provide key inputs for models of these headwater stream ecosystems. SWAS‐VTSSS is an ongoing program and quality assured data sets are uploaded to the databases annually.
Oxygen‐sufficient lipid nanobubbles combined with UTMD for enhanced sonodynamic therapy of Hep‐G2 cells
Authors: Tan Haoyan , Tian Yuhang , Yang Huajing , Liu Zhao , Liang Xitian , Li Bo , Cheng Wen
Published: April 2021

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging noninvasive therapeutic approach, which could penetrate deep‐seated tissues and activate sonosensitizer to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nevertheless, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment significantly limits the efficiency of SDT due to its oxygen‐consumption treatment principle. To break hypoxia‐induced resistance and improve the efficacy of SDT, we developed shell‐core structured oxygen‐sufficient nanobubbles(NBs), which were designed with a lipid shell loaded the sonosensitizer IR780 and a gas core loaded with oxygen. With the aid of ultrasound‐targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD), IR780@O2 NBs not only make sonosensitizers more effectively enriched at the tumor site in a controlled manner, but also directly mediate oxygen release and provide sufficient oxygen for producing more ROS to induce cell apoptosis. Thus, IR780@O2 NBs can efficiently inhibit the proliferation of Hep‐G2 cells under ultrasound exposure. What is more, IR780@O2 NBs have a potential for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging. We believe that our oxygen‐sufficient NBs trigged by UTMD could be an ideal therapeutic and imaging system for hepatocellular carcinoma.