bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inspired Epigenetic Modulation Synergy with Adenosine Inhibition Elicits Pyroptosis and Potentiates Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Xiong Honggang , Ma Xianbin , Wang Xiaolong , Su Wen , Wu Lei , Zhang Tian , Xu Zhigang , Sun Zhi‐Jun
Published: March 2021

Overcoming innate or adaptive resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in solid tumors with limited T‐cell responses remains challenging. Increasing evidence has indicated that epigenetic alterations, especially overexpression of DNA methyltransferase and immunosuppressive adenosine, are major obstacles to T cell activation. Here, a tumor microenvironment (TME) inspired prodrug nanomicelle (AOZN) composed of the epigenetic modulator γ‐oryzanol (Orz), the adenosine inhibitor α, β‐methylene adenosine 5′ diphosphate (AMPCP), and GSH‐activable crosslinker, is rationally designed. High glutathione redox triggers Orz and AMPCP release in the TME. The released Orz act as a DNA methyltransferases inhibitor to upregulate gasdermin D (GSDMD) expression and AMPCP converted procaspase‐1 into active caspase‐1 by increasing ATP levels. Active caspase‐1 elicited GSDMD cleavage and induced pyroptosis in tumor cells. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that Orz and AMPCP likely have a synergistic effect in combating the immunosuppressive TME. Moreover, Orz enhances programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression and sensitize tumors to anti‐PD‐L1 therapy. Thus, the AOZNs nano‐formulation drastically improves the hydrophobic properties of Orz with advantages of safe, affordable, readily available, and efficiency in regressing tumor growth, enhancing PD‐L1 responsive rate and prolonging survival of the B16F10 melanoma‐bearing mouse model. As a result, AOZNs provides a promising strategy for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.
Oxygen Self‐Sufficient Nanoplatform for Enhanced and Selective Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy against Anaerobe‐Induced Periodontal Disease
Authors: Sun Xiaolin , Sun Jiao , Sun Yue , Li Chunyan , Fang Jiao , Zhang Tianshou , Wan Yao , Xu Lin , Zhou Yanmin , Wang Lin , Dong Biao
Published: March 2021

The hypoxic microenvironment, continuous oxygen consumption, and poor excitation light penetration depth during antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) tremendously hinder the effects on bacterial inactivation. Herein, a smart nanocomposite with oxygen‐self‐generation is presented for enhanced and selective antibacterial properties against anaerobe‐induced periodontal diseases. By encapsulating Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Chlorin e6 and Coumarin 6 in the amphiphilic silane, combined light (red and infrared) stimulated aPDT is realized due to the increased conjugate structure, the corresponding red‐shifted absorption, and the magnetic navigation performance. To address the hypoxic microenvironment problem, further modification of MnO2 nanolayer on the composites is carried out, and catalytical activity is involved for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide produced in the metabolic processing, providing sufficient oxygen for aPDT in infection sites. Experiments in the cellular level and animal model proved that the rising oxygen content could effectively relieve the hypoxia in a periodontal pocket and enhance the ROS production, remarkably boosting aPDT efficacy. The increasing local level of oxygen also shows the selective inhibition of pathogenic and anaerobic bacteria, which determines the success of periodontitis treatment. Therefore, this finding is promising for combating anaerobic pathogens with enhanced and selective properties in periodontal diseases, even in other bacteria‐induced infections, for future clinical application.
Colorful Efficient Moiré‐Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yang , Lan Yangjie , Song Qian , Vogelbacher Florian , Xu Ting , Zhan Yan , Li Mingzhu , Sha Wei E. I. , Song Yanlin
Published: March 2021

Light harvesting is crucial for thin‐film solar cells. To substantially reduce optical loss in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), hierarchical light‐trapping nano‐architectures enable absorption enhancement to exceed the conventional upper limit and have great potential for achieving state‐of‐the art optoelectronic performances. However, it remains a great challenge to design and fabricate a superior hierarchical light‐trapping nano‐architecture, which exhibits extraordinary light‐harvesting ability and simultaneously avoids deteriorating the electrical performance of PSCs. Herein, colorful efficient moiré‐PSCs are designed and fabricated incorporating moiré interference structures by the imprinting method with the aid of a commercial DVD disc. It is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that the light harvesting ability of the moiré interference structure can be well manipulated through changing the rotation angle (0°–90°). The boosted short‐circuit current is credited to augment light diffraction channels, leading to elongated optical paths, and fold sunlight into the perovskite layer. Moreover, the imprinting process suppresses the trap sites and voids at the active‐layer interfaces with eliminated hysteresis. The moiré‐PSC with an optimized 30° rotation angle achieves the best enhancement of light harvesting (28.5% higher than the pristine), resulting in efficiencies over 20.17% (MAPbI3) and 21.76% ((FAPbI3)1‐x (MAPbBr3)x).
Expanding the clinical phenotype of the ultra‐rare Skraban‐Deardorff syndrome: Two novel individuals with WDR26 loss‐of‐function variants and a literature review
Authors: Pavinato Lisa , Trajkova Slavica , Grosso Enrico , Giorgio Elisa , Bruselles Alessandro , Radio Francesca Clementina , Pippucci Tommaso , Dimartino Paola , Tartaglia Marco , Petlichkovski Aleksandar , De Rubeis Silvia , Buxbaum Joseph , Ferrero Giovanni Battista , Keller Roberto , Brusco Alfredo
Published: March 2021

De novo variants in the WDR26 gene leading to haploinsufficiency have recently been associated with Skraban‐Deardorff syndrome. This condition is an ultra‐rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a broad range of clinical signs, including intellectual disability (ID), developmental delay (DD), seizures, abnormal facial features, feeding difficulties, and minor skeletal anomalies. Currently, 18 cases have been reported in the literature and for only 15 of them a clinical description is available. Here, we describe a child with Skraban‐Deardorff syndrome associated with the WDR26 pathogenic de novo variant NM_025160.6:c.69dupC, p.(Gly24ArgfsTer48), and an adult associated with the pathogenic de novo variant c.1076G > A, p.(Trp359Ter). The adult patient was a 29‐year‐old female with detailed information on clinical history and pharmacological treatments since birth, providing an opportunity to map disease progression and patient management. By comparing our cases with published reports of Skraban‐Deardorff syndrome, we provide a genetic and clinical summary of this ultrarare condition, describe the clinical management from childhood to adult age, and further expand on the clinical phenotype.
Mechanical behavior of glass fiber‐reinforced Nylon‐6 syntactic foams and its Young's modulus numerical study
Authors: Yáñez‐Macías Roberto , Rivera‐Salinas Jorge E. , Solís‐Rosales Silvia , Orduña‐Altamirano Daniel , Ruíz‐Mendoza David , Herrera‐Guerrero Adán , Lara‐Sanchez Jesús , González‐Morones Pablo , García‐Hernández Zureima , Hernández‐Hernández Ernesto , Gregorio‐Jáuregui Karla M.
Published: March 2021

Glass fiber‐reinforced Nylon‐6 syntactic foams (GRSF) were fabricated by melt mixing, adding silane‐modified hollow glass microspheres (HGMf) at 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% and an impact modifier at 15 wt. Tensile test results showed that the foam's strength increased with the addition of HGMs but started to decrease when the volume fraction of the spheres was higher than 18 vol% (10 wt%). To elucidate the reinforcement mechanism, a numerical simulation of GRSF was carried out. It revealed that HGMs progressively become the reinforcement phase of GRSFs, as their volume fraction increased due to the load transfer occurring more readily in the HGMs than the fiber, which is expected to be the reinforcement. Hence, for a desired weight‐strength ratio, thicker walls are necessary to delay the elastic relaxation of the microspheres and the impairing of the composite as a whole in the context of strength. HGMs with relative wall thickness τ = 0.04 produce an impairing on Young's modulus, if the volume fraction of microspheres is exceeded than 18 vol% because the microspheres are not able to endure increased loads. In addition, a significant reduction of the density was observed by up to 12% in the GRSFs with 30 wt% of both fibers and HGMs. The insight gained of GRSFs role and the numerical simulation achieved through this work, is a significant step toward developing applications of these lightweight materials, since they show good combination of strength, toughness, density, and thermal insulation performance, which can be useful in the automotive, aeronautical and sports industries.
Unleashing proactive low‐carbon strategies through behavioral factors in biodiversity‐intensive sustainable supply chains: Mixed methodology
Authors: Stefanelli Nelson Oliveira , Chiappetta Jabbour Charbel José , Liboni Amui Lara Bartocci , Caldeira de Oliveira Jorge Henrique , Latan Hengky , Paillé Pascal , Hingley Martin
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research is to understand the complex and relatively understudied relationship between human and behavioral factors and low‐carbon management practices from the perspective of the resource‐based view (RBV). Research application is in the “biodiversity sector” and consists of a survey and multiple‐case study in Brazil, the richest country globally in terms of biodiversity but a country that also faces challenges in protecting biodiversity. The research problem considers the relationship between human critical success factors and the adoption of low‐carbon management practices. Quantitative analysis through structural equation modeling shows the three branches of hypothesis to be accepted—the first with a higher coefficient than the second and the second with a higher coefficient than the third. It was observed that human factors influence low‐carbon product management practices the most, followed by process practices and finally logistics practices. Qualitative multiple‐case study research shows that companies are at different stages of maturity in relation to low‐carbon management organizational practices, ranging from the highest stage to the lowest. It was found that the intensity of the presence of human critical success factors was higher where organizations had greater adoption of low‐carbon management practices.
Mesenchymal stem cell‐inspired microgel scaffolds to control macrophage polarization
Authors: Caldwell Alexander S. , Rao Varsha V. , Golden Alyxandra C. , Bell Daniel J. , Grim Joseph C. , Anseth Kristi S.
Published: March 2021

There is a desire in regenerative medicine to create biofunctional materials that can control and direct cell function in a precise manner. One particular stem cell of interest, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), can function as regulators of the immunogenic response and aid in tissue regeneration and wound repair. Here, a porous hydrogel scaffold assembled from microgel subunits was used to recapitulate part of this immunomodulatory behavior. The scaffolds were used to culture a macrophage cell line, while cytokines were delivered exogenously to polarize the macrophages to either a pro‐inflammatory (M1) or alternatively activated (M2a) phenotypes. Using a cytokine array, interleukin 10 (IL‐10) was identified as one key anti‐inflammatory factor secreted by hMSCs in pro‐inflammatory conditions; it was elevated (125 ± 25 pg/ml) in pro‐inflammatory conditions compared to standard medium (6 ± 10 pg/ml). The ability of hMSC laden scaffolds to reverse the M1 phenotype was then examined, even in the presence of exogenous pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Co‐culture of M1 and M2 macrophages with hMSCs reduced the secretion of TNFα, a pro‐inflammatory cytokine even in the presence of pro‐inflammatory stimulatory factors. Next, IL‐10 was supplemented in the medium or tethered directly to the microgel subunits; both methods limited the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines of encapsulated macrophages even in pro‐inflammatory conditions. Cumulatively, these results reveal the potential of biofunctional microgel‐based scaffolds as acellular therapies to present anti‐inflammatory cytokines and control the immunogenic cascade.
The many modes of flagellar and ciliary beating: Insights from a physical analysis
Authors: Lindemann Charles B. , Lesich Kathleen A.
Published: March 2021

The mechanism that allows the axoneme of eukaryotic cilia and flagella to produce both helical and planar beating is an enduring puzzle. The nine outer doublets of eukaryotic cilia and flagella are arranged in a circle. Therefore, each doublet pair with its associated dynein motors, should produce torque to bend the flagellum in a different direction. Sequential activation of each doublet pair should, therefore result in a helical bending wave. In reality, most cilia and flagella have a well‐defined bending plane and many exhibit an almost perfectly flat (planar) beating pattern. In this analysis we examine the physics that governs flagellar bending, and arrive at two distinct possibilities that could explain the mechanism of planar beating. Of these, the mechanism with the best observational support is that the flagellum behaves as two ribbons of doublets interacting with a central partition. We also examine the physics of torsion in flagella and conclude that torsion could play a role in transitioning from a planar to a helical beating modality in long flagella. Lastly, we suggest some tests that would provide theoretical and/or experimental evaluation of our proposals.
Discovery of novel indole‐1,2,4‐triazole derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors
Authors: Wu Meng‐Ke , Man Ruo‐Jun , Liao Yan‐Juan , Zhu Hai‐Liang , Zhou Zhu‐Gui
Published: March 2021

A series of novel indole‐1,2,4‐triazole derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors. The top hit 12, bearing the 3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl moiety, exhibited substantial anti‐proliferative activity against HepG2, HeLa, MCF‐7, and A549 cells in vitro with IC50 values of 0.23 ± 0.08 μM, 0.15 ± 0.18 μM, 0.38 ± 0.12 μM, and 0.30 ± 0.13 μM, respectively. It also inhibited tubulin polymerization with the IC50 value of 2.1 ± 0.12 μM, which was comparable with that of the positive controls. Furthermore, compound 12 regulated the expression of cell cycle‐related proteins (Cyclin B1, Cdc25c, and Cdc2) and apoptosis‐related proteins (Bcl‐2, Bcl‐x, and Mcl‐1). Mechanistically, compound 12 could arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase, thus induce an increase of apoptotic cell death. In addition, molecular docking hinted the possible interaction mode of compound 12 into the colchicine binding site of tubulin heterodimers. According to the applications of microtubule‐targeting agents in both direct and synergistic cancer therapies, we hope this work might be of significance for future researches.
Long‐term evolution of global sea surface temperature trend
Authors: Xu Zhenhao , Ji Fei , Liu Bo , Feng Taichen , Gao Yuan , He Yongli , Chang Fei
Published: March 2021

The ocean plays an essential role in regulating global and regional climate, which is mainly achieved through sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) changes. Studies on global sea surface temperature (GSST) are primarily carried out under linear assumption, which is not capable of fully revealing the evolution characteristics of sea surface temperature (SST) due to the non‐linear and non‐stationary nature of the SST. Here, the evolution of the GSST trend in the past century is investigated by using an adaptive and local spatial–temporally multidimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition method. The results show that the global ocean has been warming except for the subpolar North Atlantic, the equatorial central Pacific, and the Southern Ocean in the Pacific sector. The equatorial central Pacific turned from cooling to warming around the middle of the last century made it one of the fastest‐warming regions in recent decades with other regions located in the Arctic Ocean and the western‐boundary current regions and their mid‐latitude extensions in both hemispheres. The strongest warming during recent decades is found in the Arctic Ocean, east of the continents in the northern hemisphere, the entire Indian Ocean, and especially in the tropical Pacific Ocean. From a zonal average perspective, warming (>0.1 K since 1900) first took place in the subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere and 50°S of the Southern Hemisphere almost simultaneously around 1910, then followed by the subpolar warming in the Northern Hemisphere. The first two bands of warming both expanded equatorward leading to the fast warming of tropical oceans, especially for the Pacific Ocean.
Recyclable Bio‐Based Photoredox Catalyst in Metal‐Free Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Wang Yanan , Li Huili , Dong Jinhuan , Hu Lijun , Wei Donglei , Bai Liangjiu , Yang Huawei , Chen Hou
Published: March 2021

Two bio‐based organic photocatalysts have been prepared for visible light‐induced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Renewable and abundant cellulose grafted with organic dyes is chosen as the photocatalyst to initiate polymerization via the reductive quenching process. Kinetic study and light on/off reaction demonstrate the “living”/controlled nature of the polymerization by light. Block copolymers can be achieved by using the PMMA as a macroinitiator to reinitiate the polymerization of other vinyl monomers, which shows highly preserved Br chain‐end functionality in the synthesized polymers. Moreover, the bio‐based catalyst can be recycled to catalyze polymerization in a controlled manner for three times. This strategy provides a metal‐free recyclable catalytic platform for visible light‐induced ATRP.
A Simple Synthesis Method of Water‐Soluble Pseudo‐Polyrotaxane Cross‐Linkers Based on Cyclodextrin
Authors: Zhang Peng , Dai Yaxing , Yang Ziteng , Yu Haiyang , Zhang Chunquan , Wang Wenzhe , Li Ting , Zhou Chengyu
Published: March 2021

Currently, preparation of polymerizable polyrotaxane cross‐linkers (PCs) or pseudo‐polyrotaxane cross‐linkers (PPCs), including water‐soluble PCs or PPCs requires at least three‐step or more complicated chemical reactions. Herein, a simple and effective method is proposed to prepare two kinds of water‐soluble pseudo‐polyrotaxane cross‐linkers based on cyclodextrin. This means it is more convenient to apply the pulley effect to a wider range of hydrogels. The structures of cross‐linkers are characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. Further, two kinds of pseudo‐polyrotaxane cross‐linkers and conventional cross‐linker are, respectively, copolymerized with acrylamide to prepare hydrogels to compare the properties of hydrogels. The swelling ratios and deformation ability of hydrogel prepared by pseudo‐polyrotaxane cross‐linker are better than that of hydrogel prepared by conventional cross‐linker.
Markov additive processes for degradation with jumps under dynamic environments
Authors: Shu Yin , Feng Qianmei , Kao Edward P. C. , Coit David W. , Liu Hao
Published: March 2021

We use general Markov additive processes (Markov modulated Lévy processes) to integrally handle the complexity of degradation including internally‐induced and externally‐induced stochastic properties with complex jump mechanisms. The background component of the Markov additive process is a Markov chain defined on a finite state space; the additive component evolves as a Lévy subordinator under a certain background state, and may have instantaneous nonnegative jumps occurring at the time the background state switches. We derive the Fokker–Planck equations for such Markov modulated processes, based on which we derive Laplace expressions for reliability function and lifetime moments, represented by the infinitesimal generator matrices of Markov chain and the Lévy measure of Lévy subordinator. The superiority of our models is their flexibility in modeling degradation data with jumps under dynamic environments. Numerical experiments are used to demonstrate that our general models perform well.
The relationship between frontline nurses' psychosocial status, satisfaction with life and resilience during the prevalence of COVID‐19 disease
Authors: Zakeri Mohammad Ali , Hossini Rafsanjanipoor Sayed Mortaza , Zakeri Maryam , Dehghan Mahlagha
Published: March 2021

Aim

The present study aimed to investigate the association between frontline nurse's psychosocial status, satisfaction with life and resilience during the prevalence of COVID‐19 disease.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

185 frontline nurses taking care of the COVID‐19 patients participated in the study from March to April 2020. The data were collected using demographic questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐28), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7‐item (GAD‐7), Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC).

Results

The results showed that not being at risk of coronavirus infection, poor/no satisfaction with life and non‐resilience were significantly associated with higher psychological disorders. The coronavirus disease has significant consequences for the mental health of nurses. The factors affecting the mental health of nurses should be considered to support nurses in crises such as coronavirus. Provision of effective psychological interventions for nurses can be one of the effective solutions.
Predictive value of pressure ulcer risk for obstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: Wang Yao , Chen Ran , Ding Jie , Yang Lu , Chen Jiaojiao , Huang Baotao
Published: March 2021

Aim

To investigate the relationship between pressure ulcers risk and severity of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) by invasive coronary angiography.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A total of 193 consecutive patients with underlying pressure ulcers risk who underwent invasive coronary angiography were enrolled. Subjects were divided into three groups according to severity of coronary artery stenosis. Pressure ulcers risk score, fall risk score, self‐care ability score and cardiovascular risk factors were compared among the three groups. Multivariate regression analysis and receiver operating curve analysis were performed to explore the diagnostic value of Braden score for left main or three‐vessel disease.

Results

Patients with more severe CAD had higher pressure ulcers risk. The percentage of high‐pressure ulcers risk was highest in left main or three‐vessel disease group, compared with control group and single‐ or two‐vessel disease group. After adjusting for age, body mass index, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and other confounding factors, Braden score was an independent predictor of left main or three‐vessel disease. Moreover, higher Braden score had a moderate area under the curve for excluding more severe CAD. In conclusion, among patients planning for coronary angiography, pressure ulcers risk assessment is conducive to predict the severity of obstructive CAD.
Dietary magnesium deficiency induces the expression of neuroinflammation‐related genes in mouse brain
Authors: Tsuji Ryuhei , Inoue Hirofumi , Uehara Mariko , Kida Satoshi
Published: March 2021

Aims

Dietary Mg2+ deficiency (MgD) impairs hippocampus‐dependent memory in mice; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying MgD‐induced memory impairments are unclear. Here, we investigated the molecular signatures in the hippocampus of MgD mice by analyzing the hippocampal transcriptome.

Methods

We performed RNA‐sequencing of the hippocampal transcriptome of MgD mice. We used gene ontology analyses and quantitative real‐time PCR to validate the RNA‐sequencing results.

Results

mRNAs for neuroinflammation‐related genes were upregulated in the hippocampus and cortex of MgD mice.

Conclusion

MgD induces neuroinflammation in the mouse brain, including the hippocampus and cortex. Our findings suggest that MgD‐induced neuroinflammation triggers the impairments of hippocampus‐dependent memory.
Effect of nanosilica on shape memory and mechanical characterization of polylactic acid wood composite
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Singholi Ajay K. S.
Published: March 2021

In the present study, nanosilica reinforced polylactic acid wood composite was fabricated using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 4D printing technology. Nanosilica content was varied to study the effect on shape memory property like shape recovery rate and mechanical properties such as hardness, compressive strength and dynamic mechanical properties and simultaneous thermal properties. The finding of result indicated that the mechanical properties such as hardness, compressive strength, and flexural strength were increased by 60%, 60%, and 16.6% with the addition of 2 wt% nanosilica. The thermal stability of composite was also improved with the addition of nanosilica. The storage modulus was initially increased and then decreased with the increase in nanosilica content. However, the maximum shape recovery rate was decreased with the increase in nanosilica content.
Does Addiction Have A Subject?: Desire in Contemporary U.S. Culture
Authors: Park Jaeyoon
Published: March 2021

This paper traces the emergence of a new figure of the desiring subject in contemporary addiction science and in three other recent cultural developments: the rise of cognitive-behavior therapy, the self-tracking movement, and the dissemination of ratings. In each, the subject’s desire becomes newly figured as a response to objects rather than a manifestation of the soul, measured numerically rather than expressed in language and rendered impersonal rather than individualizing. Together, these developments suggest a shift in the dominant form of the desiring subject in contemporary U.S. culture, one that breaks with the subject-form that Foucault theorized five decades ago.
Association among multimorbidity, physical disability and depression trajectories: a study of urban–rural differences in China
Authors: Yan Chaoyang , Liao Hui , Ma Ying , Xiang Qin , Wang Jing
Published: March 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyse the trajectories of depression in urban and rural areas, and to analyse the relationship among multimorbidity, disability and other variables and trajectories.

Methods

Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were used. A latent class growth model was used to characterise the trajectories of urban and rural depression symptoms. Chi-square test was used to test the differences in respondents’ characteristics among depression trajectories groups within urban and rural areas. The relationships among multimorbidity, disability and depression symptom trajectories were analysed via multinomial logistic regression.

Results

Urban and rural depression trajectories were divided into three categories. Respondents in urban areas were divided into rising, remaining-low and declining group, and those in rural areas were divided into rising, remaining-low and remaining-high group. The depression scores of respondents with multimorbidity were more likely to rise, and this result was similar for the disabled respondents. Respondents who need help on activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living in urban areas were more likely to decline in depression scores. In rural areas, however, the values were consistently high. In urban and rural areas, the relationships among marital status, education and age and depression trajectories were different.

Conclusions

The depression trajectories are different in urban and rural China. Improving the quality of medical services, promoting the distribution of rural social resources and implementing more recreational activities could be beneficial for the promotion of mental health in rural areas.
Assessment of gender divide in scientific communities
Authors: De Nicola Antonio , D’Agostino Gregorio
Published: March 2021

Increasing evidence of women’s under-representation in some scientific disciplines is prompting researchers to expand our understanding of this social phenomenon. Moreover, any countermeasures proposed to eliminate this under-representation should be tailored to the actual reasons for this different participation. Here, we take a multi-dimensional approach to assessing gender differences in science by representing scientific communities as social networks, and using data analytics, complexity science methods, and semantic methods to measure gender differences in the context, the attitude and the success of scientists. We apply this approach to four scientific communities in the two fields of computer science and information systems using the network of authors at four different conferences. For each discipline, one conference is based in Italy and attracts mostly Italians, while one conference is international in both location and participants. The present paper provides evidence against common narratives that women’s under-representation is due to women’s limited skills and/or less social centrality.
Health Beliefs, Behavior, Spiritual Growth, and Salvation in a Global Population of Seventh-day Adventists
Authors: McBride Duane C. , Bailey Karl G. D. , Landless Peter N. , Baltazar Alina M. , Trim David J. B. , Stele Galina
Published: March 2021

Background

The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a growing global denomination with strict substance use abstinence and recommended dietary requirements that together are called the “Health Message.” Abstinence from alcohol and tobacco is a requirement of membership and a plant-based diet is strongly advised.

Purpose

While a wide variety of research has reported the Adventist health advantage, very little research has been conducted on Adventist members’ attitudes toward and adherence to the Health Message. This research examines members views, from a global survey, about the health message, personal adherence, and belief that adherence ensures salvation.

Methods

The survey was conducted in 2017/2018 with a total N of 63,756. The questionnaire was translated into about 60 languages and then back translated into English for improved accuracy.

Results

Over 80% of the respondents reported that they agreed the Adventist health message was wholisitic, core to Adventist beliefs, supported by science, and increased the probability of a longer life. There were very few differences by global regions. About 80% also agreed that they should abstain from tobacco and alcohol and follow a healthy diet. However, about 45% believed that they could pick and choose which parts to follow with only a little over one-third reporting that they followed the Health Message a great deal. Strict adherence appeared to be in abstinence from alcohol (91%) and tobacco (97%). Only about 19% reported being vegetarian or vegan. Over 47%, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, reported the belief that if they kept the Health Message completely, they would be assured of salvation, though this is at odds with formal doctrine.

Conclusions and Implications

The data suggest that church leadership has been successful in obtaining global acceptance of the Health Message, convincing members of its scientific basis, and to abstain from tobacco and alcohol use. However, the data also show almost half of members believe that they can pick and choose elements to follow. In addition, these data have major implications for church leadership in disentangling the implications and expectations of the Health Message from the Church's fundamental belief that salvation is only through faith in Christ.
Investigating the Sources of Formaldehyde and Corresponding Photochemical Indications at a Suburb Site in Shanghai From MAX‐DOAS Measurements
Authors: Zhang Sanbao , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Ruifeng , Guo Yanlin , Yan Yuhao , Ding Zhenfeng , Zhou Bin
Published: March 2021

Multi‐AXis‐Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX‐DOAS) measurements were performed to obtain vertical distributions of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO) and glyoxal (CHOCHO) from October 17 to November 21, 2019 in Qingpu, a suburb of Shanghai, China. The consistencies of MAX‐DOAS and other independent observations of HCHO and NO2 verified the effectiveness of the inversion results. The secondary formation was identified as the predominant HCHO sources (57.4% of all) by a statistical regression analysis of HCHO with carbon monoxide (CO) and CHOCHO. The photochemical indications of HCHO were investigated through the ratios of HCHO to CHOCHO (RGF) and NO2 (RFN). The results showed that anthropogenic influence on RGF mainly existed in the layer of 0–800 m. The dependences of anthropogenic emission on RGF were negative in 0–200 m layer and positive in 200–800 m layer when NO2 level was higher than 5 ppbv. The sensitivity analysis of O3 formation in 0–2 km layer was concluded as follows: between 9:00 and 11:00 LT, the O3 formation was controlled by VOC‐limited regime alone; while it turned into transition regime in 1.7–2 km layer from 11:00 to 13:00 LT; then the transition regime moved down to the layer of 1.3–1.4 km from 13:00 to 15:00 LT and the NOx‐limited regime began to occur in 1.4–2.0 km layer.
Sedimentation of psbA Gene‐Containing Cyanophages, Cyanobacteria, and Eukaryotes in Marine and Estuarine Sediments
Authors: He Maoqiu , Cai Lanlan , Xu Jie , Li Xiangfu , Shi Zhen , Jiao Nianzhi , Zhang Rui
Published: March 2021

The transport of planktonic microbes from the upper ocean to sediments plays an important role in marine ecology and biogeochemistry (e.g., the downward transport of organic matter). In order to have a better understanding of this important process, we investigated the diversity of allochthonous cyanophages, cyanobacteria, and eukaryotic algae in the sediments from the Pearl River Estuary and South China Sea based on psbA, the gene encoding the D1 protein involved in photosynthesis. The psbA is prevalent and diverse in sediments regardless of water depth, revealing that the vertical export of psbA gene‐containing planktonic microbes provide an important source of sedimental microbes. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of Synechococcus, Synechococcus myovirus, Synechococcus podovirus, Prochlorococcus, Prochlorococcus myovirus, Prochlorococcus podovirus, and eukaryotic algae groups in the sediments. More than 80% of psbA amplicons belong to cyanophages, suggesting the potential prevalent downward transport of cyanophages from the photic zone to the seafloor. Diatoms Pseudosolenia calcar‐avis and Opephora were dominant in some sediment samples, different from planktonic community in the photic zones, indicating a potentially different vertical export efficiency among phytoplankton. The principal coordinate analysis indicated that psbA gene‐containing microbial community varied in estuarine, continental shelf and deep sea sediments. This study investigated the diversity of psbA gene‐containing microorganisms in marine sediments and could facilitate the evaluation of the output of photosynthetic organic carbon.
Potential of Sun‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Indicating Mangrove Canopy Photosynthesis
Authors: Zhu Xudong , Hou Yuwen , Zhang Yongguang , Lu Xiaoliang , Liu Zhunqiao , Weng Qihao
Published: March 2021

Accurate characterization of gross primary productivity (GPP) is critically important in assessing mangrove carbon budgets, but the current knowledge of the temporal variations of GPP in evergreen mangroves is very limited. Remote sensing of sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has emerged as a promising approach to approximating GPP across ecosystems, but its capability for tracking GPP in evergreen mangroves has not been assessed. The SIF‐GPP link at a subtropical mangrove and its environmental controls are explored using 1‐year time‐series measurements from tower‐based hyperspectral and eddy covariance systems. Both the relationship between SIF and GPP as well as that between SIFy (SIF yield: the ratio of SIF over absorbed photosynthetically active radiation [APAR]) and LUE (light use efficiency: the ratio of GPP over APAR) at diurnal and seasonal time scales are analyzed. The temporal variations of SIF and GPP shared overall similar changing patterns, but their functional relationship tended to be time scale‐dependent. Midday depressions in SIF were observed when environmental stresses occurred around noon (including excess light and high VPD), and the strength of the SIF‐GPP link was affected by changing environmental conditions. The SIFy‐LUE relationship was temporally more dynamic, tending to match during midday hours but diverge from each other during morning and afternoon hours. These findings confirm SIF can serve as a potential remotely sensed indicator of mangrove canopy photosynthesis. This paper provides the first, high temporal‐resolution, continuous SIF measurements in mangroves, and highlights the importance of the impacts of environmental conditions on the SIF‐GPP relationship.
Multilayer graphene in situ formed in carbonized waste paper with the synergism of nickel and sodium
Authors: Cong Yao , Jin Qiaoran , Huang Qi , Xu Zijie
Published: March 2021

MLG is in situ formed with the synergism of nickel and sodium. The porous structure of amorphous carbon is effectively optimized with the formation of MLG and its capacitive performance is clearly improved.
Relativistic modeling of atmospheric occultations with time transfer functions
Authors: Bourgoin A. , Zannoni M. , Gomez Casajus L. , Tortora P. , Teyssandier P.
Published: March 2021

Context. Occultation experiments represent unique opportunities to remotely probe the physical properties of atmospheres. The data processing involved in modeling the time and frequency transfers of an electromagnetic signal requires that refractivity be properly accounted for. On theoretical grounds, little work has been done concerning the elaboration of a covariant approach for modeling occultation data.

Aims. We present an original method allowing fully analytical expressions to be derived up to the appropriate order for the covariant description of time and frequency transfers during an atmospheric occultation experiment.

Methods. We make use of two independent powerful relativistic theoretical tools, namely the optical metric and the time transfer functions formalism. The former allows us to consider refractivity as spacetime curvature while the latter is used to determine the time and frequency transfers occurring in a curved spacetime.

Results. We provide the integral form of the time transfer function up to any post-Minkowskian order. The discussion focuses on the stationary optical metric describing an occultation by a steadily rotating and spherically symmetric atmosphere. Explicit analytical expressions for the time and frequency transfers are provided at the first post-Minkowskian order and their accuracy is assessed by comparing them to results of a numerical integration of the equations for optical rays.

Conclusions. The method accurately describes vertical temperature gradients and properly accounts for the light-dragging effect due to the motion of the optical medium. It can be pushed further in order to derive the explicit form of the time transfer function at higher order and beyond the spherical symmetry assumption.
Broadband X-ray spectra and timing of the accreting millisecond pulsar Swift J1756.9–2508 during its 2018 and 2019 outbursts
Authors: Li Z. S. , Kuiper L. , Falanga M. , Poutanen J. , Tsygankov S. S. , Galloway D. K. , Bozzo E. , Pan Y. Y. , Huang Y. , Zhang S. N. , Zhang S.
Published: March 2021

The accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar Swift J1756.9–2508 launched into an outburst in April 2018 and June 2019 – 8.7 years after the previous period of activity. We investigated the temporal, timing, and spectral properties of these two outbursts using data from NICER,XMM-Newton,NuSTAR, INTEGRAL,Swift, andInsight-HXMT. The two outbursts exhibited similar broadband spectra and X-ray pulse profiles. For the first time, we report the detection of the pulsed emission up to ∼100 keV that was observed byInsight-HXMT during the 2018 outburst. We also found the pulsation up to ∼60 keV that was observed by NICER andNuSTARduring the 2019 outburst. We performed a coherent timing analysis combining the data from the two outbursts. The binary system is well described by a constant orbital period over a time span of ∼12 years. The time-averaged broadband spectra are well fitted by the absorbed thermal Comptonization model COMPPSin a slab geometry with an electron temperature,kTe = 40–50 keV, Thomson optical depthτ ∼ 1.3, blackbody seed photon temperaturekTbb, seed ∼ 0.7–0.8 keV, and hydrogen column density ofNH ∼ 4.2 × 1022cm−2. We searched the available data for type-I (thermonuclear) X-ray bursts, but found none, which is unsurprising given the estimated low peak accretion rate (≈0.05 of the Eddington rate) and generally low expected burst rates for hydrogen-poor fuel. Based on the history of four outbursts to date, we estimate the long-term average accretion rate at roughly 5 × 10−12 M⊙ yr−1for an assumed distance of 8 kpc. The expected mass transfer rate driven by gravitational radiation in the binary implies the source may be no closer than 4 kpc. Swift J1756.9–2508 is the third low mass X-ray binary exhibiting “double” outbursts, which are separated by much shorter intervals than what we typically see and are likely to result from interruption of the accretion flow from the disk onto the neutron star. Such behavior may have important implications for the disk instability model.
Negotiating asymmetry
Authors: Salama-Carr Myriam
Published: March 2021

Growing public concern about animal welfare,
notably in the context of widespread industry-led exploitation of
animals and abusive breeding and slaughtering practices, is
increasingly politicised and the shift of focus from the concept of
animal welfare to that of animal rights, from compassion to ethics,
is framed in an increasingly vocal political discourse. Described as
“the fastest social movement” (Gaarder 2011), animal activism has achieved a global
dimension where translation plays a significant albeit
under-researched role in constructing and disseminating a discourse
of animal welfare and contributing to “the social construction of
animals” (Stibbe 2001).
Drawing on Schicktanz’s
(2006) discussion of asymmetry and ambivalence in the
context of the human-animal relationship, the paper will explore
how, with a backdrop of greater convergence between philosophical
and scientific perspectives, concepts such as sentience, welfare and
rights are evolving with reference to non-human animals. Examples
will be drawn from European and international institutions’ material
and from activist organisations.
An information asymmetry framework for strategic translation
policy in multinational corporations
Authors: Hanson Thomas A. , Mellinger Christopher D.
Published: March 2021

The size and scope of multinational corporations
in the globalized and interconnected modern economy has increased
the need for language services to facilitate a broad range of
cross-language communication. Much of the prior research on language
in international business has emphasized a metaphorical language
barrier and the concept of equivalence in translation, while failing
to recognize the strategic importance of translation and
interpreting. By contrast, this chapter emphasizes the role of
language service professionals in achieving corporate communication
goals. A framework is offered that links a firm’s response to
information asymmetry (to mitigate or maintain) and whether the
communication is internal to the firm or with an external party.
This two-dimensional approach implies four types of communication
goals, and we offer examples of how firms might achieve these goals.
The framework recognizes the value of translation and interpreting
in adopting strategic translation policies for operating in a
multilingual environment.
Small yet powerful
Authors: Mansell Richard
Published: March 2021

At the turn of the century many feared that the
UK publishing scene was soon to be dominated by an ever-more
consolidated number of conglomerates, pushing what was already a
risk-averse industry even further away from bold endeavours such as
translated literary fiction. Yet this has not materialised, and in
the UK translated fiction has seen remarkable growth. Using data
from prestigious literary prizes, this chapter analyses the shift in
power away from the “big five” publishers and their imprints to
small, independent publishers. It also analyses the consequences of
this shift for the actions of those involved in the chain of
production and consumption, including what this means not only for
the profile of books that are translated and published, but also how
translators approach their task.
Contextual Predictors of Engagement in a Tailored mHealth Intervention for Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors
Authors: Psihogios Alexandra M , King-Dowling Sara , O’Hagan Bridget , Darabos Katie , Maurer Laurie , Young Jordyn , Fleisher Linda , Barakat Lamia P , Szalda Dava , Hill-Kayser Christine E , Schwartz Lisa A
Published: March 2021

Background

Despite the promise of mobile health (mHealth), engagement is often too low for durable health behavior change, and little is known regarding why certain individuals abandon mHealth tools.

Purpose

Guided by a mHealth engagement framework, we evaluated contextual predictors of objective engagement with an app for adolescents and young adults (AYA) who survived cancer.

Methods

One hundred and ten AYA survivors (M age = 20.5, 43% female, 30% racial/ethnic minority) were randomized to receive a disease self-management app that delivered 1–2 tailored messages/day for 16 weeks, and contained a survivorship care plan (SCP). Demographic, disease, psychosocial, and setting characteristics were examined as predictors of three objective engagement outcomes: (a) % of active app days, (b) % of messages read, and (c) viewed SCP in the app versus not. A subsample (n = 10) completed qualitative interviews to further assess engagement barriers.

Results

Self-reported uninterrupted app access (β = −0.56, p < .001), iPhone (vs. Android) ownership (β = 0.30, p < .001), and receiving the intervention in the summer (β = −0.20, p = .01) predicted more active days. Lower depressed mood (β = −0.30, p = .047) and uninterrupted app access (β = −0.50, p < .001) predicted more messages read. Qualitatively, technical glitches and competing priorities were described as engagement barriers, whereas certain types of messages (e.g., health goal messages) were perceived as engaging. Among participants who had uninterrupted app access (n = 76), higher baseline motivation to change, better health perceptions, using the app during the summer, and iPhone ownership predicted higher engagement.

Conclusions

Findings demonstrate the importance of comprehensively assessing and planning for multi-level ecological determinants of mHealth engagement in future trials.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier

NCT03363711.