bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La gestione del rischio chimico in ambito sanitario: la sala operatoria
Authors: Cozzolino Armando , Moccia Giuseppina , Nigro Antonio , Della Corte Alfonso , Ferrucci Giuseppe , Frammartino Rosetta , Pironti Concetta , Genovese Armando , Santoro Emanuela , Turco Assunta , Motta Oriana , Borrelli Anna , De Caro Francesco
Published: November 2021

La medicina tradizionale è incentrata sull’obiettivo di migliorare la salute attraverso l’identificazione e il trattamento dei disturbi di salute che hanno già prodotto sintomi o complicanze. La medicina preventiva, al contrario, mira a prevenire l’insorgenza di condizioni patologiche, nonché alla diagnosi dei disturbi prima dell’insorgenza di sintomi o complicanze, quando le probabilità di recupero sono massime. Se prestata nei tempi e nelle modalità dovuti, la prevenzione migliora le condizioni di salute generale e riduce i costi della sanità. L’obiettivo generale della prevenzione è ridurre la probabilità di un soggetto di ammalarsi, sviluppare condizioni invalidanti o morire prematuramente. La medicina preventiva può, quindi, essere considerata come la forma più ampia di interdisciplinarietà esistente in campo medico e sanitario; infatti, coinvolge ogni settore di cui la moderna scienza medica dispone, nel tentativo di impedire l’insorgere di patologie, individuandone preventivamente i fattori di rischio in determinate fasce di popolazione. In questo lavoro affrontiamo, in particolare, il tema della gestione del rischio chimico al quale viene esposto il personale delle sale operatorie. Tale indagine è finalizzata al rispetto delle leggi in merito alla protezione della salute e della sicurezza dei lavoratori contro i rischi derivanti dall’esposizione ad agenti chimici e, in particolar modo, agli anestetici volatili. Il luogo fisico maggiormente coinvolto in una struttura ospedaliera è dato dal blocco operatorio. Il primo obiettivo, quindi, è di minimizzare il rischio biologico grazie ad impianti di climatizzazione in grado di immettere aria trattata e purificata, necessari inoltre per ridurre al minimo anche il rischio chimico, diluendo ed allontanando eventuali gas e vapori, per mezzo di continui ricambi d’aria.
Infezioni correlate all’assistenza
Authors: Rubino Nunziata , Della Corte Alfonso , Nigro Antonio , Ferrucci Giuseppe , Frammartino Rosetta , Petrosino Francesco , Bisogno Marina , Nappo Maria , Cioffi Grazia , Ciccone MariaPia , Longanella Walter , Piazza Ornella , Borrelli Anna , De Caro Francesco , Moccia Giuseppina
Published: November 2021

Per Infezione Correlata all’Assistenza (ICA) o Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) si definisce un’infezione contratta durante il ricovero in ospedale, che non era clinicamente manifesta o in incubazione al momento dell’ammissione, ma che compare nelle 48 ore successive ad essa. Sono comprese quindi le infezioni successive alla dimissione ma riferibili per tempo di incubazione al ricovero. Le infezioni acquisite in ospedale comprendono anche le infezioni che il personale ospedaliero può contrarre nell’assistenza ai malati. L’infezione viene distinta dalla semplice “colonizzazione”, in quanto quest’ultima rappresenta unicamente una moltiplicazione di microorganismi a livello locale, senza apparenti reazioni tissutali e sintomi clinici, presenti per definizione nella patologia infettiva. Lo studio di prevalenza puntuale europeo promosso dall’ECDC ha come scopo principale quello di ottenere un campione rappresentativo di dati sulle infezioni correlate all’assistenza e sull’utilizzo degli antibiotici negli ospedali per acuti. Questo progetto fornisce agli ospedali che partecipano allo studio uno strumento affidabile e standardizzato per la rilevazione delle HAI, permettendo così di effettuare confronti e di porre obiettivi di miglioramento della qualità. Una volta registrati ed inviati alla sede centrale dell’ECDC tramite piattaforma proprietaria, i dati vengono elaborati ed in seguito diffusi a tutti gli enti e le organizzazioni che hanno necessità di conoscerli a livello locale, regionale, nazionale ed europeo. Il fine ultimo è di aumentare l’attenzione sul fenomeno delle infezioni correlate all’assistenza, allo scopo di promuovere interventi di rinforzo delle infrastrutture, per identificare problematiche comuni ed individuare strategie di contrasto condivise.
Stress lavoro-correlato in Sanità
Authors: Perillo Matilde , Nigro Antonio , Della Corte Alfonso , Ferrucci Giuseppe , Aliberti Silvana Mirella , Frammartino Rosetta , Boccia Giovanni , Santoro Emanuela , Ruggieri Ruggiero , Genovese Giovanni , De Paola Vincenzo , Turco Assunta , Capunzo Mario , De Caro Francesco , Moccia Giuseppina
Published: November 2021

Con l’approvazione in Italia del decreto legislativo n. 81 del 2008 in materia di sicurezza negli ambienti di lavoro si introduce l’obbligo della valutazione dello stress lavoro-correlato sia per il settore pubblico che privato. Dal 31 dicembre 2010 tale valutazione deve essere presente nel documento di valutazione dei rischi. Secondo la normativa per la valutazione del rischio di stress lavorativo devono essere presi in considerazione fattori inerenti l’organizzazione del lavoro (tipologia, ambiente, carichi, orari, ruolo, responsabilità, sicurezza, relazioni interpersonali e gerarchie), le caratteristiche psico-fisiche del lavoratore (personalità, attitudini, competenze, motivazioni, comportamenti, salute) e socio-demografiche (condizioni economiche, relazioni, situazione familiare, integrazione sociale). Nell’ottica di tale obbligo legislativo anche le Aziende Sanitarie si sono dovute adeguare, in quanto presentano fattori oggettivi potenzialmente causa di stress, tra i principali: lavoro a contatto con il pubblico e con la sofferenza, relazioni difficili con i colleghi o i pazienti, carico e orario di lavoro e responsabilità. Il progetto sperimentale è stato sviluppato per essere uno strumento specifico per l’ambito sanitario per la valutazione dello stress lavoro-correlato ed è caratterizzato dai seguenti obiettivi: indicare il livello di stress misurato mediante il questionario, mappare le criticità e individuare interventi migliorativi specifici tramite i risultati ottenuti.
Efficacy of a Forearm Rotation Orthosis for People With a Hemiparetic Arm
Authors: Yu Chih-Huang , Mathiowetz Virgil G. , Zieffler Andrew , Tomlin George S.
Published: November 2021

Importance: Insufficient voluntary forearm movements are associated with ineffective and inefficient functional performance among people poststroke. Although evidence supports the application of the occupational therapy task-oriented (OTTO) approach for this population, the training protocol does not explicitly address the role of forearm rotation movements. In addition, a need exists for theoretical support for orthotic interventions for people poststroke. 

Objective: To examine the efficacy of (1) a forearm rotation orthosis, (2) the OTTO approach, and (3) the combination of the two with people poststroke with a hemiparetic arm.

Design: Stratified, randomized, two-group, single-blinded, repeated-measures design.

Setting: Rehabilitation clinic.

Participants: Participants (N = 14) with a diagnosis of stroke and at least 10° of voluntary shoulder and elbow movement.

Intervention: Participants were stratified into three groups by motor function (mild, moderate, severe) and randomly assigned either to 6 wk of no treatment followed by 6 wk of OTTO or to 6 wk of orthotic intervention followed by 6 wk of orthosis plus OTTO.

Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcome measures were the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), and Motor Activity Log (MAL), administered at baseline (Week 1), at the end of Phase 1 (Week 7), and at the end of Phase 2 (Week 15) by blinded evaluators.

Results: Both groups showed clinically important improvements on the COPM. No significant differences were found on the WMFT or MAL.

Conclusions and Relevance: The OTTO intervention provides clinically important benefits in self-perceived functional performance to people poststroke.

What This Article Adds: The OTTO approach is an occupation-focused intervention that aims at functional performance and emphasizes clients' active engagement throughout the process. The findings suggest that the protocol of the OTTO intervention and its efficacy are appropriate for clinical practice.
Improving the Privacy-Preserving of Covid-19 Bluetooth-Based Contact Tracing Applications Against Tracking Attacks
Authors: M. Allam Ali
Published: November 2021

Bluetooth is an essential wireless standard for short-distance and low-power wireless networks. Health departments’ contact-tracing applications depended on Bluetooth technology to prevent infectious diseases from spreading, especially COVID-19. The security threats of the Bluetooth-based contact-tracing applications increased because an adversary can use them as surveillance tools that violate the user’s privacy and revealpersonal information. The Bluetooth standard mainly depends on the device address in its authenticated pairing mechanism (Secure Simple Pairing), which can collect with off-the-shelf hardware and software and leads to a tracking attack. To avoid the risk of tracking based on this security vulnerability in the Bluetooth protocol, we suggest a novel authentication protocol based on a noninteractive zero-knowledge scheme to substitute the authentication protocol used in the Bluetooth standard. The new protocol can replace the authentication protocol in the Bluetooth stack without any modification in the device pairing flow. Finally, we prove the security of our proposed scheme against the man-in-themiddle attack and tracking attack. A performance comparison with the authentication algorithm in the BLE standard shows that our method mitigates the tracking attack with low communication messages. Our results help enhance the contact-tracing application’s security in which Bluetooth access is available.
Developing Products Update-Alert System for E-Commerce Websites Users using Html Data and Web Scraping Technique
Authors: Onyenwe Ikechukwu , Onyedinma Ebele , Nwafor Chidinma , Agbata Obinna
Published: November 2021

Websites are regarded as domains of limitless information which anyone and everyone can access. The new trend of technology has shaped the way we do and manage our businesses. Today, advancements in Internet technology has given rise to the proliferation of e-commerce websites. This, in turn made the activities and lifestyles of marketers/vendors, retailers and consumers (collectively regarded as users in this paper) easier as it provides convenient platforms to sale/order items through the internet. Unfortunately, these desirable benefits are not without drawbacks as these platforms require that the users spend a lot of time and efforts searching for best product deals, products updates and offers on ecommerce websites. Furthermore, they need to filter and compare search results by themselves which takes a lot of time and there are chances of ambiguous results. In this paper, we applied web crawling and scraping methods on an e-commerce website to obtain HTML data for identifying products updates based on the current time. These HTML data are preprocessed to extract details of the products such as name, price, post date and time, etc. to serve as useful information for users.
Analyzing Architectures for Neural Machine Translation using Low Computational Resources
Authors: Mandke Aditya , Litake Onkar , Kadam Dipali
Published: November 2021

With the recent developments in the field of Natural Language Processing, there has been a rise in the use of different architectures for Neural Machine Translation. Transformer architectures are used to achieve state-of-the-art accuracy, but they are very computationally expensive to train. Everyone cannot have such setups consisting of high-end GPUs and other resources. We train our models on low computational resources and investigate the results. As expected, transformers outperformed other architectures, but there were some surprising results. Transformers consisting of more encoders and decoders took more time to train but had fewer BLEU scores. LSTM performed well in the experiment and took comparatively less time to train than transformers, making it suitable to use in situations having time constraints.
Investigation of Radio Frequency Licensed Spectrum Utilization in Nigeria: A Study of Rumuokwuta, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Chukwuchekwa Nkwachukwu , Joshua U Enwume , S. Ezema Longinus , K Agubor Cosmas
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the spectrum utilization of the licensed Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum in Rumuokwuta, Port Harcourt. An outdoor measurement of spectrum occupancy was carried out in a high-rise building situated at Rumuokwuta urban area in Port Harcourt, Nigeria using RF explorer spectrum analyzer and a personal computer laptop system. Spectrum activities in the band of 240-960 MHz were monitored for 24 hours. The frequency band was subdivided into 24 sub bands each with a span size of 30 MHz. Scanning of bands was made efficient using a python script that scans a range, analyzed the frequencies and signal strengths for 112 data points, saves data in CSV file format, scans the next range until the 24 ranges were scanned. The process was repeated to achieve 15 iterations. With a noise floor of - 110dBm, a threshold of -95dBm was used to determine the presence of signal, hence the spectrum occupancy of measured bands. Results showed that out of the 24 investigated sub bands; only one band was completely occupied with spectrum occupancy of 100%. 12 bands were partially occupied while 11 were completely free. The average spectrum occupancy for the whole band was obtained as 11.64%. This showed good location for dynamic spectrum access and cognitive radio deployment, especially in Television White Space (TVWS).
Evaluation of Vertical Refractivity Profile over Microwave Link in Mowe, Nigeria
Authors: Modupe Eunice Sanyaolu
Published: November 2021

The radio refractive index structure of the lower section of the atmospheric boundary layer is critical in the planning and construction of microwave communication connections. This study analyses the refractivity profile carried out in Mowe (6.8085° N, 3.4367° E) South – Western Nigeria. Ground measurements of air pressure, temperature, and relative humidity used in this investigation were collected from the rain gauge of the Tropospheric Observatory Data Acquisition Network (TRODAN). The radio refractivity, associated refractivity gradient and climatic factor were computed using data from January 2012 to December 2013. The vertical distributions of radio refractivity were then calculated using these parameters. Seasonal fluctuations in refractivity are visible over the location, with high values in the wet season and low values in the dry season. The findings also suggest that propagation circumstances fluctuate in frequency, with sub-refractive situations being most common between April and September. This is an indication that microwave link in Mowe will suffer higher signal loss during wet season, while the loss may be mild during the dry season. The refractivity values in this study are expected to aid in determining the necessary mitigation to be put in place to reduce loss of signal in Mowe.
KAJIAN SEMIOTIKA ROLAND BARTHES
Authors: Al Fiatur Rohmaniah
Published: November 2021

Semiotik merupakan metode untuk mengkaji cara kerja dan fungsi tanda (sign). Dalam kaitannya dengan objek penelitian, teks merupakan suatu konstruksi dari unsur tanda-tanda. Dalam tradisi semiotika, komunikasi pada intinya dipandang sebagai mediasi atau pertukaran tanda-tanda secara intersubjektif. Sebagai teori penafsiran, semiotik tidak sekedar menafsirkan teks, memperlakukan teks sebagai teks, tetapi membuat teks berbicara, bahkan tentang hal di luar dirinya. Pendekatan yang digunakan peneliti adalah semiotika Roland Barthes yang mengembangkan gagasan-gagasan Ferdinand de Saussure dan mencoba menerapkan kajian tanda-tanda secara lebih luas. Pada praktinya peneliti mengggunakan kajian semiotik untuk menganalisis teks dan visual yang ada pada media sosial Instagram @dkksemarang adalah akun resmi dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang. Pada kondisi pandemi Covid-19 yang identik dengan upaya memutus rantai penyebaran virus dan mendukung program vaksinasi.
Association of toll-like receptor 4, 5 and 10 polymorphisms with
Helicobacter pylori
-positive peptic ulcer disease in a center in Jordan
Authors: AL-Eitan Laith , Almomani Fouad Abdelaziz , Al-Khatib Sohaib Mahmoud , Aljamal Hanan Abdulraheem , Al-Qusami Mohammed Nayef , Aljamal Rawan Abdulraheem
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:

Helicobacter pylori
infection is widespread, affecting about 50% of the global population. Polymorphisms in host genes such as the toll-like receptor 4 (
TLR4
) might affect the susceptibility and severity of infection and treatment success.

OBJECTIVE:

Investigate the susceptibility and severity of
H pylori
infection with host
TLR4
(rs11536889, rs4986790, rs200109652, rs10759932),
TLR5
(rs5744174, rs2072493, rs746250566),
TLR10
(rs559182335, rs10004195) polymorphisms.

DESIGN:

Analytical, cross-sectional.

SETTING:

Endoscopy clinic at tertiary care center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues collected from
H pylori
-infected patients and healthy individuals. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the targeted TLR genes were genotyped to assess the genetic association of various SNPs with disease severity.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Effect of genotype distribution on
H pylori
infection.

SAMPLE SIZE:

250 peptic ulcer patients and 217 controls.

RESULTS:

The
TLR10
genotype showed no significant association with
H pylori
infection except for rs10004195 (T>A) (
P
=.002). The genotype frequency of Rs5744174 in
TLR5
had a significant association with the presence of
H pylori
infection (
P
=.046, OR=0.52). Except for gender (P=.022), there were no significant associations between clinical and demographic variables and SNPs relating to the severity of the
H pylori
infections.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings are consistent with differences in severity of
H pylori
infection due to TLR SNPs in different ethnic groups. Understanding differences in genetic susceptibility could help in classifying patients and matching patients with various treatment options on a genetic basis.

LIMITATIONS:

Lack of
H pylori
pathogenicity features assessment.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST:

None.
Taurodontism in maxillary and mandibular molars using cone beam computed tomography in a dental center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jabali Ahmad Hassan , Chourasia Hemant Ramesh , Wasli Abdullah Saeed , Alkhayrat Ali Mohammed , Mahnashi Hassan Mohammed , Kamly Mohammed Jebril , Varadarajan Saranya , Patil Shankargouda
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:

Taurodontism is a dental anomaly characterized by altered crown root ratio that is often diagnosed by radiographic evaluation. A three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of taurodontic teeth. Only one study has reported the prevalence of taurodontism in a Saudi population.

OBJECTIVE:

Determine prevalence and other characteristics of taurodontism in permanent maxillary and mandibular molars, by CBCT in a dental center in Saudi Arabia.

DESIGN:

Cross-sectional.

SETTING:

College of dentistry.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

The first and second molars, maxillary and mandibular, from study participants of Saudi origin from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia were evaluated for taurodontism based on the criteria of Shifman and Chanannel. The degree of taurodontism was determined by the taurodontism index. Results were tabulated for analysis and the chi-square test was applied for the differences between age groups, genders, and maxillary and mandibular teeth.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Characteristics of taurodontism.

SAMPLE SIZE:

1839 teeth in 300 individuals.

RESULTS:

Taurodontism was seen in 24 (8%) of the study participants and in 71 teeth (3.9%). Taurodontism was significantly more prevalent in individuals between 21 and 40 years of age. Hypotaurodontism (67.6%, n=48) was most prevalent, followed by mesotaurodontism (23.9%, n=17) and hypertaurodontism (8.5%, n=6). The maxillary molars were more commonly involved than mandibular, but the results were not statistically significant. No significant differences in gender were observed.

CONCLUSIONS:

Dental clinicians should be familiar with the condition due to the clinical implications in oral surgery, endodontics and prosthodontics. The possibilities of a complex root canal system, an additional canal, difficulties in canal negotiation, instrumentation and subsequent obturation can be challenging for the clinician.

LIMITATIONS:

Conducted in a single dental center hence future studies with larger sample sizes in different regions of Saudi Arabia should be conducted to more accurately measure the prevalence.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST:

None.
Gearing Up for a New “Pandemic” on the Eyes
Authors:   Thomas Jefferson High School for Science & Technology, Wang Sarah
Published: November 2021

As the novel coronavirus continues ravaging communities worldwide, children and adults are spending more time than ever before on their electronic devices. Social networking websites, streaming platforms, and video games accumulate hours of usage. Students and employees are turning to remote learning and working. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, teleworking was already on the rise. In the US, the population of employees working remotely increased from 19.6% in 2003 to 24.1% in 2015, and in Sweden, the prevalence of working from home jumped from 5.9% in 1999 to 19.7% in 2012 (Feldstead & Henseke, 2017). Research conducted by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) reported that the teleworking rate in the UK increased by at least 20% over the past decade. There are currently no official reports on the increase of remote working in 2020. However, given the current pandemic situation along with the rapid advancement of technology each day, the numbers are expected to be at an all-time high. This may introduce the world to a new set of health problems: the Digital Eye Strain syndrome.
Measurement report: Comparison of airborne, in situ measured, lidar-based, and modeled aerosol optical properties in the central European background – identifying sources of deviations
Authors: Düsing Sebastian , Ansmann Albert , Baars Holger , Corbin Joel C. , Denjean Cyrielle , Gysel-Beer Martin , Müller Thomas , Poulain Laurent , Siebert Holger , Spindler Gerald , Tuch Thomas , Wehner Birgit , Wiedensohler Alfred
Published: November 2021

Abstract. A unique data set derived from remote sensing, airborne, and
ground-based in situ measurements is presented. This measurement report
highlights the known complexity of comparing multiple aerosol optical
parameters examined with different approaches considering different states
of humidification and atmospheric aerosol concentrations. Mie-theory-based
modeled aerosol optical properties are compared with the respective results of airborne and ground-based in situ measurements and remote sensing (lidar and photometer) performed at the rural central European observatory at Melpitz, Germany. Calculated extinction-to-backscatter ratios (lidar ratios) were in the range of previously reported values. However, the lidar ratio is a function of the aerosol type and the relative humidity. The particle lidar ratio (LR) dependence on relative humidity was quantified and followed the trend found in previous studies. We present a fit function for the lidar wavelengths of 355, 532, and 1064 nm with an underlying equation of fLR(RH, γ(λ))=fLR(RH=0,λ)×(1-RH)-γ(λ), with the derived estimates of γ(355 nm) = 0.29 (±0.01), γ(532 nm) = 0.48 (±0.01), and γ(1064 nm) = 0.31 (±0.01) for central European aerosol. This parameterization might be used in the data analysis of elastic-backscatter lidar observations or lidar-ratio-based aerosol typing efforts. Our study shows that the used aerosol model could reproduce the in situ measurements of the aerosol particle light extinction coefficients (measured at dry conditions) within 13 %. Although the model reproduced the in situ measured aerosol particle light absorption coefficients within a reasonable range, we identified many sources for significant uncertainties in the simulations, such as the unknown aerosol mixing state, brown carbon (organic material) fraction, and the unknown aerosol mixing state wavelength-dependent refractive index. The modeled ambient-state aerosol particle light extinction and backscatter coefficients were smaller than the measured ones. However, depending on the prevailing aerosol conditions, an overlap of the uncertainty ranges of both approaches was achieved.
Relating geostationary satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over East Asia to fine particulate matter (PM2.5): insights from the KORUS-AQ aircraft campaign and GEOS-Chem model simulations
Authors: Zhai Shixian , Jacob Daniel J. , Brewer Jared F. , Li Ke , Moch Jonathan M. , Kim Jhoon , Lee Seoyoung , Lim Hyunkwang , Lee Hyun Chul , Kuk Su Keun , Park Rokjin J. , Jeong Jaein I. , Wang Xuan , Liu Pengfei , Luo Gan , Yu Fangqun , Meng Jun , Martin Randall V. , Travis Katherine R. , Hair Johnathan W. , Anderson Bruce E. , Dibb Jack E. , Jimenez Jose L. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Nault Benjamin A. , Woo Jung-Hun , Kim Younha , Zhang Qiang , Liao Hong
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Geostationary satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth
(AOD) over East Asia from the Geostationary Ocean Color
Imager (GOCI) and Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) instruments can augment surface
monitoring of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality, but this
requires better understanding of the AOD–PM2.5 relationship. Here we
use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to analyze the critical variables
determining the AOD–PM2.5 relationship over East Asia by simulation of
observations from satellite, aircraft, and ground-based datasets. This
includes the detailed vertical aerosol profiling over South Korea from the
KORUS-AQ aircraft campaign (May–June 2016) with concurrent ground-based
PM2.5 composition, PM10, and AERONET AOD measurements. The
KORUS-AQ data show that 550 nm AOD is mainly contributed by
sulfate–nitrate–ammonium (SNA) and organic aerosols in the planetary
boundary layer (PBL), despite large dust concentrations in the free
troposphere, reflecting the optically effective size and high hygroscopicity
of the PBL aerosols. We updated SNA and organic aerosol size distributions
in GEOS-Chem to represent aerosol optical properties over East Asia by using
in situ measurements of particle size distributions from KORUS-AQ. We find
that SNA and organic aerosols over East Asia have larger size (number median
radius of 0.11 µm with geometric standard deviation of 1.4) and
20 % larger mass extinction efficiency as compared to aerosols over North
America (default setting in GEOS-Chem). Although GEOS-Chem is successful in
reproducing the KORUS-AQ vertical profiles of aerosol mass, its ability to
link AOD to PM2.5 is limited by under-accounting of coarse PM and by
a large overestimate of nighttime PM2.5 nitrate. The GOCI–AHI AOD data
over East Asia in different seasons show agreement with AERONET AODs and a
spatial distribution consistent with surface PM2.5 network data. The
AOD observations over North China show a summer maximum and winter minimum,
opposite in phase to surface PM2.5. This is due to low PBL depths
compounded by high residential coal emissions in winter and high relative
humidity (RH) in summer. Seasonality of AOD and PM2.5 over South Korea
is much weaker, reflecting weaker variation in PBL depth and lack of
residential coal emissions.
Comment on “Isotopic evidence for dominant secondary production of HONO in near-ground wildfire plumes” by Chai et al. (2021)
Authors: Roberts James M.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Chai et al. (2021) recently published measurements of wildfire-derived (WF)
oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and nitrous acid (HONO) and their isotopic
composition. The method used to sample NOx, collection in alkaline solution,
has a known 1:1 interference from another reactive nitrogen compound, acetyl
peroxynitrate (PAN). Although PAN is thermally unstable, subsequent
reactions with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in effect extend the lifetime of
PAN many times longer than the initial decomposition reaction would
indicate. This, coupled with the rapid and efficient formation of PAN in WF
plumes, means the NOx measurements reported by Chai et al.​​​​​​​ were severely
impacted by PAN. In addition, the model reactions in the original paper included neither the reactions of NO2 with hydroxyl radical (OH) to form
nitric acid nor the efficient reaction of larger organic radicals with
nitric oxide to form organic nitrates (RONO2).
What rainfall rates are most important to wet removal of different aerosol types?
Authors: Wang Yong , Xia Wenwen , Zhang Guang J.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Both frequency and intensity of rainfall affect aerosol wet
deposition. With a stochastic deep convection scheme implemented into two
state-of-the-art global climate models (GCMs), a recent study found that
aerosol burdens are increased globally by reduced climatological mean wet
removal of aerosols due to suppressed light rain. Motivated by their work, a
novel approach is developed in this study to detect what rainfall rates are
most efficient for wet removal (scavenging amount mode) of different aerosol
species of different sizes in GCMs and applied to the National Center for
Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) with and
without the stochastic convection cases. Results show that in the standard
CAM5, no obvious differences in the scavenging amount mode are found among
different aerosol types. However, the scavenging amount modes differ in the
Aitken, accumulation and coarse modes, showing around 10–12, 8–9 and 7–8 mm d−1, respectively, over the tropics. As latitude increases poleward, the
scavenging amount mode in each aerosol mode is decreased substantially. The
scavenging amount mode is generally smaller over land than over ocean. With
stochastic convection, the scavenging amount mode for all aerosol species in
each mode is systematically increased, which is the most prominent along the
Intertropical Convergence Zone, exceeding 20 mm d−1 for small particles.
The scavenging amount modes in the two cases are both smaller than
individual rainfall rates associated with the most accumulated rain
(rainfall amount mode), further implying precipitation frequency is more
important than precipitation intensity for aerosol wet removal. The notion
of the scavenging amount mode can be applied to other GCMs to better
understand the relation between rainfall and aerosol wet scavenging, which
is important to better simulate aerosols.
Neural-network-based estimation of regional-scale anthropogenic CO2 emissions using an Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) dataset over East and West Asia
Authors: Mustafa Farhan , Bu Lingbing , Wang Qin , Yao Na , Shahzaman Muhammad , Bilal Muhammad , Aslam Rana Waqar , Iqbal Rashid
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most significant greenhouse gas, and its concentration is continuously increasing, mainly as a
consequence of anthropogenic activities. Accurate quantification of CO2 is critical for addressing the global challenge of climate change
and for designing mitigation strategies aimed at stabilizing CO2 emissions. Satellites provide the most effective way to monitor the
concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. In this study, we utilized the concentration of the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of
CO2, i.e., XCO2 retrieved from a CO2 monitoring satellite, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), and the net
primary productivity (NPP) provided by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to estimate the anthropogenic CO2
emissions using the Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) over East and West Asia. OCO-2 XCO2, MODIS NPP, and the Open-Data Inventory
for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide (ODIAC) CO2 emission datasets for a period of 5 years (2015–2019) were used in this study. The annual
XCO2 anomalies were calculated from the OCO-2 retrievals for each year to remove the larger background CO2 concentrations and
seasonal variability. The XCO2 anomaly, NPP, and ODIAC emission datasets from 2015 to 2018 were then used to train the GRNN model, and,
finally, the anthropogenic CO2 emissions were estimated for 2019 based on the NPP and XCO2 anomalies derived for the same
year. The estimated and the ODIAC CO2 emissions were compared, and the results showed good agreement in terms of spatial
distribution. The CO2 emissions were estimated separately over East and West Asia. In addition, correlations between the ODIAC emissions
and XCO2 anomalies were also determined separately for East and West Asia, and East Asia exhibited relatively better results. The results
showed that satellite-based XCO2 retrievals can be used to estimate the regional-scale anthropogenic CO2 emissions, and the
accuracy of the results can be enhanced by further improvement of the GRNN model with the addition of more CO2 emission and concentration
datasets.
Black carbon modeling in urban areas: investigating the influence of resuspension and non-exhaust emissions in streets using the Street-in-Grid model for inert particles (SinG-inert)
Authors: Lugon Lya , Vigneron Jérémy , Debert Christophe , Chrétien Olivier , Sartelet Karine
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a primary and inert pollutant often used as a traffic tracer. Even though its concentrations are generally low at the regional scale, BC presents very high concentrations in streets (at the local scale), potentially with important effects on human health and the environment.
Modeling studies of BC concentrations usually underestimate BC concentrations due to uncertainties in both emissions and modeling.
Both exhaust and non-exhaust traffic emissions present uncertainties, but the uncertainties with respect to non-exhaust emissions, such as tire, brake, and road wear as well as particle resuspension, are particularly high.
In terms of modeling, street models do not always consider the two-way interactions between the local and regional scales. Using a two-way modeling approach, a street with high BC concentrations may influence urban background concentrations above the street, which can subsequently enhance the BC concentrations in the same street.
This study uses the multiscale Street-in-Grid model (SinG) to simulate BC concentrations in a suburban street network in Paris, taking the two-way coupling between local and regional scales into account.
The BC concentrations in streets proved to have an important influence on urban background concentrations.
The two-way dynamic coupling leads to an increase in BC concentrations in large streets with high traffic emissions (with a maximal increase of about 48 %) as well as a decrease in narrow streets with low traffic emissions and low BC concentrations (with a maximal decrease of about 50 %). A new approach to estimate particle resuspension in streets is implemented, strictly respecting the mass balance on the street surface. The resuspension rate is calculated from the available deposited mass on the street surface, which is estimated based on particle deposition and wash-off parameterizations adapted to street-canyon geometries. The simulations show that particle resuspension presents a low contribution to BC concentrations, as the deposited mass is not significant enough to justify high resuspension rates. Non-exhaust emissions, such as brake, tire, and road wear, may largely contribute to BC emissions, with a contribution that is equivalent to exhaust emissions.
Here, a sensitivity analysis of BC concentrations is performed by comparing simulations with different emission factors of tire, brake, and road wear. The different emission factors considered are estimated based on the literature. We found a satisfying model–measurement comparison using high tire wear emission factors, which may indicate that the tire emission factors usually used in Europe are probably underestimated. These results have important policy implications: public policies replacing internal combustion engines with electric vehicles may not eliminate BC air pollution but only reduce it by half.
Clustering analysis of the Sargassum transport process: application to stranding prediction in the Lesser Antilles
Authors: Bernard Didier Clément , Biabiany Emmanuel , Cécé Raphaël , Chery Romual , Sekkat Naoufal
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The massive Sargassum algae strandings observed over the past decade are the new natural hazard that currently impacts the island states of the Caribbean region (human health, environmental damages, and economic losses). This study aims to improve the prediction of the surface current dynamic leading to beachings in the Lesser Antilles, using clustering analysis methods. The input surface currents including windage effect were derived from the Mercator model and the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Past daily observations of Sargassum stranding on Guadeloupe coasts were also integrated. Four representative current regimes were identified for both Mercator and HYCOM data. The analysis of the backward current sequences leading to strandings showed that the recurrence of two current regimes is related to the beaching peaks observed respectively in March and in August. A decision tree classifier was built and its accuracy reaches 73.3 % with 0.04°-scale HYCOM data and 50.8 % with 0.08°-scale Mercator data. This significant accuracy difference highlights the need of very small-scale current data (i.e., lower than 5 km scale) to assess coastal Sargassum hazard in the Lesser Antilles. The present clustering analysis predictive system would help improve this risk management in the islands of this region.
Drainage of an ice-dammed lake through a supraglacial stream: hydraulics and thermodynamics
Authors: Ogier Christophe , Werder Mauro A. , Huss Matthias , Kull Isabelle , Hodel David , Farinotti Daniel
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The glacier-dammed Lac des Faverges, located on Glacier de la Plaine Morte (Swiss Alps), has drained annually as a glacier lake outburst flood since 2011. In 2018, the lake volume reached more than 2 × 106 m3, and the resulting flood caused damage to the infrastructure downstream. In 2019, a supraglacial channel was dug to artificially initiate a surface lake drainage, thus limiting the lake water volume and the corresponding hazard. The peak in lake discharge was successfully reduced by over 90 % compared to 2018. We conducted extensive field measurements of the lake-channel system during the 48 d drainage event of 2019 to characterize its hydraulics and thermodynamics. The derived Darcy–Weisbach friction factor, which characterizes the water flow resistance in the channel, ranges from 0.17 to 0.48. This broad range emphasizes the factor's variability and questions the choice of a constant friction factor in glacio-hydrological models. For the Nusselt number, which relates the channel-wall melt to the water temperature, we show that the classic, empirical Dittus–Boelter equation with the standard coefficients does not adequately represent our measurements, and we propose a suitable pair of coefficients to fit our observations. This hints at the need to continue research into how heat transfer at the ice–water interface is described in the context of glacial hydraulics.
Бюджетная самодостаточность регионов как результат взаимодействия публичной власти и бизнес-структур
Authors: Аничин Владислав Леонидович , Желябовский Александр Юрьевич
Published: November 2021

Эффективное взаимодействие публичной власти и бизнес-структур является важнейшим фактором и условием устойчивого развития российских регионов. Расширенное воспроизводство экономических, социальных и экологических региональных систем во многом зависит от скоординированных действий сторон, включая представителей частного бизнеса, на долю которого приходится значительная часть оборота коммерческих организаций России. Управление таким взаимодействием требует не только согласования интересов стейкхолдеров, но и объективной оценки его эффективности. Авторы предлагают проводить оценку эффективности взаимодействия публичной власти и бизнес-структур на основе интересоориентированной модели регионального роста. Обосновано, что критерием устойчивости данной модели выступает бюджетная самодостаточность региона. Представлена расчетная формула критериального показателя. Выполнена апробация оценки эффективности взаимодействия публичной власти и бизнес-структур по уровню бюджетной самодостаточности в регионах Центрального федерального округа России.
Verbal and physical violence against athletes: gender differences and differences according to the type of sport
Authors: Cajner Mraović Irena , Tomić Lucija , Korad Matea
Published: November 2021

In addition to various benefits for the physical, mental, and social development of a person, sport can also be an environment in which verbal and physical violence against athletes occurs. The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which athletes of the City of Zagreb are exposed to verbal and physical violence by coaches, other players, parents, sponsors, and spectators and whether there are differences in exposure to such violence depending on gender and type of sport. A total of 135 athletes from the City of Zagreb participated in the research, who, by using a questionnaire, evaluated the frequency of verbal and physical violence by coaches, other players, parents, sponsors, and spectators. The results of the research show that athletes from the City of Zagreb are exposed to verbal and physical violence by all surveyed actors. In addition, male athletes are more exposed to verbal violence by coaches, other players, parents and spectators, and to physical violence by coaches and other athletes than female athletes. When it comes to the type of sport, no statistically significant differences in exposure to verbal and physical violence were found in athletes who engage in individual sports and those who engage in team sports. The obtained results indicate the importance of changing the focus in sports from the results to the personal development of the athletes themselves.
The world-view foundations of hetero-images in Mullā Muṣṭafā Basheskī’s Chronicle
Authors: Spahić Vedad
Published: November 2021

Written in the second half of the 18th century in the Ottoman Turkish language the Chronicle of Mullā Muṣṭafā Basheskī discusses ideological references about hetero-images in regard to post-structuralist imagology. Considering the hypothesis that the image of the other is always culturally conditioned, the members of other religions are researched through the analysis (Bosnian Catholics, Orthodox and Jews), military and political enemies of the Ottoman Empire (Austrians, Russians, Montenegrins) and non-Bosnians (Turks and Arabs). To be more precise, the way in which the chronicler creates the image of the members of other religions always depends on the fact whether they are neighbors i.e. people who live nearby and share living space or the members of other religions living across the Empire’s border. Basheskī’s descriptions, characterizations, as well as his comments of the ‘’inner others’’, are never primarily directed at the religious identity of the mentioned ones; those characterizations, however, either affirmative or negative, are always ad hominem oriented and related to real people. Nevertheless, as regards to the imagery point of view, those characterizations go beyond the notion of religion, being general and universal. Accordingly, such perception is related to chronicler’s cosmopolitan interpretation of the original rules of Islam, as well as to his affinity towards Sufi mysticism. As a result, imagery point of view of Sarajevo in the Chronicle does not function on the profane-descriptive, but on the ethical grounds, thus connecting empirical, concrete and metaphysical. However, as regards to the ‘’external others’’, the lack of information and affective relation towards the real danger, resulted in predominance of mythological conceptions and stereotypes even in Basheskī’s Chronicle.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ПІДГОТОВКИ НЕВОЄНІЗОВАНИХ ФОРМУВАНЬ ЦИВІЛЬНОЇ ОБОРОНИ (70–80-ті роки ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ)
Authors: БОГДАНОВ Є. П.
Published: November 2021

Організація навчання керівного та особового складу об’єктових формувань цивільного захисту має важливе зна- чення в контексті створення загальної спроможності суб’єктів господарювання до проведення заходів з ліквіда- ції наслідків надзвичайних ситуацій. До складу формувань включаються працівники суб’єктів господарювання на непрофесійний основі, які не мають сформованих компетенцій щодо виконання спеціальних рятувальних та віднов- лювальних робіт, що створює необхідність забезпечення високого рівня їх підготовки до виконання завдань у сфері цивільного захисту, вироблення єдиних підходів до організації навчання такої категорії працівників з питань цивіль- ного захисту. У статті здійснена спроба ретрансляції досвіду підготовки невоєнізованих формувань цивільної обо- рони у 70–80-ті роки ХХ століття, оскільки країна мала значні напрацювання з окреслених питань. Мета роботи – проаналізувати нормативне-правове забезпечення з питань функціонування та підготовки невоє- нізованих формувань цивільної оборони у 70–80-х роках ХХ століття у системі цивільної оборони. Методологія – принципи єдності історичного і логічного, послідовності, наступності, зв’язку теорії з практикою. Наукова новизна полягає в актуалізації продуктивних підходів до здійснення підготовки невоєнізованих форму- вань цивільного оборони у 70–80-ті роки ХХ століття на сучасну практику навчання формувань цивільного захисту. З огляду на дослідження окресленого питання, зроблено такі висновки: Важливе значення при організації навчання працівників, які входять до складу формувань цивільного захис- ту, належить якісному плануванню спеціальної підготовки, розробці необхідного супроводжуючого програмно- го забезпечення. При розробці програм спеціальної підготовки керівникам суб’єктів господарювання доцільно дотримуватись модульного підходу з визначенням загальних та спеціальних тем для формувань різного призна- чення. Широке застосування нормативів цивільного захисту слугуватиме виробленню загальних підходів до оці- нювання дій особового складу. Тематика наступних досліджень полягатиме у окресленні окремих тем загальної та спеціальної складової спеці- альної програми підготовки працівників, що входять до складу спеціалізованих служб і формувань цивільного захисту.
First record of tail bifurcation in Tokey Gecko (Gekko gecko) from the Kaziranga, Assam, India : a field observation
Authors:   The Corbett Foundation, Bochagaon, Kaziranga-785609, Golaghat, Assam, India, Gogoi Manoj , Kundu Sumanta ,   The Corbett Foundation, Bochagaon, Kaziranga-785609, Golaghat, Assam, India, Goswami Jadumoni ,   The Corbett Foundation, Bochagaon, Kaziranga-785609, Golaghat, Assam, India, Saikia Dibyajyoti ,   The Corbett Foundation, Bochagaon, Kaziranga-785609, Golaghat, Assam, India, Pandey Naveen ,   The Corbett Foundation, Bochagaon, Kaziranga-785609, Golaghat, Assam, India
Published: November 2021

The Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko) is the second largest surviving Gecko species and are distributed across much of South-East Asia, Southern China and Northeastern India and Nepal. In Kaziranga landscape Tokay Gecko are fairly common and frequently seen around households in rural area. Though tail bifurcation is common in lizards but till date no recorded specimen of Tokey Gecko with bifurcated tail had been reported from Kaziranga Landscape.
ELSA-d and Astroscale’s Mission of Sustainable Space Development
Authors: Lindsay Mike
Published: November 2021

The seminar will provide an overview of the space debris environment, an update on the ELSA-d mission currently in orbit, and discuss upcoming technology plans for furthering sustainable development across all orbits.