bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation of cadmium-resistant strains and preliminary study of their resistance mechanism
Authors: Fan Ruijuan , Xie Weixia , Ma Heqin , Zhu Mengke , Ma Kun , Yan Xingfu
Published: October 2022

Six cadmium (Cd)-resistant strains, Cd-1, Cd-2, Cd-3, Cd-5, Cd-6, and Cd-7, were isolated. Cd-1, Cd-2, Cd-5, and Cd-6 were identified as Stenotrophomonas sp., Cd-3 as Achromobacter sp., and Cd-7 as Staphylococcus sp.. The six strains showed a wide adaptation range for salinity and had a strong tolerance to Cd2+. The effects of the initial Cd2+ concentration (1–100 mg/L), time (18–72 h), temperature (10–40°C), and pH (5.0–9.0) on the removal efficiency of Cd2+ were analyzed. The results revealed that the Cd2+ removal rate was higher at the initial concentrations of 5–100 mg/L than at 1mg/L. The maximum Cd2+ removal effect was found when the culture time was 36 h, the temperature was 10–35°C, and the pH was 5.0–7.0. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the Cd2+ was immobilized through bio-precipitation by Stenotrophomonas sp. Cd-2 and Staphylococcus sp. Cd-7. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the Cd2+ was adsorbed by Stenotrophomonas sp. Cd-2, Achromobacter sp. Cd-3, and Staphylococcus sp. Cd-7. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed that the isolates reacted with the Cd2+ mainly through the O–H, protein N–H, C–N, lipid C–H, fatty acid COO, polysaccharide C–O, P–O, and other functional groups, as well as lipid molecules on the cell wall surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that there was little difference in the cells after Cd2+ treatment. The results of the soil remediation experiments indicate that the toxicity of Cd in soil could be effectively reduced.
The efficacy of rice paddy herb essential oil as a herbicide and antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi
Authors: Photree Kiettipum , Tongchure Siros , Uaraksakul Pataraporn , Pisamayarom Kankanit , Chanprapai Pragatsawat
Published: October 2022

The essential oil (EO) derived from whole plants of the rice paddy herb collected in Thailand's central area has been studied for antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic bacteria (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola) and phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria porri, Bipolaris oryzae, Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophtophthora parasitica, and Rhizoctonia solani), and the chemical compositions. The EO contained 1-limonene (47.3%), linalool (18.5%), and (+)-trans—Mentha-2,8-diene (9.2%) as the most abundant constituents. The essential oil displayed completely antifungal activity using a percentage of mycelial growth inhibition on R. solani and B. oryzae, following potent activity on A. porri and F. oxysporum. In the case of antibacterial activity using an agar diffusion assay, the oil revealed potent activity against both bacteria tested. The 1-limonene was also evaluated against all phytopathogens, and the compound revealed better effective activity on bacteria than fungi. The results concluded that the oil could be used to develop alternative green agrochemical agents.
Hyaluronic acid/tannic acid films for biomedical application
Authors: Wekwejt Marcin , Kluczyński Janusz , Ronowska Anna , Michno Anna , Zasada Lidia , Małek Marcin , Kaczmarek-Szczepańska Beata
Published: October 2022

In this study thin films based on hyaluronic acid (HA) with tannic acid (TA) were investigated in three different weight ratios (80HA/20TA, 50HA/50TA, 20HA/80TA) for potential medical applications. Surface free energy as well as its roughness, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability rate, and antioxidant activity were determined. Moreover, the compatibility with blood and osteoblast cells was investigated. The irritation effect for hyaluronic acid/tannic acid films by in vitro method was also considered. The results showed that the films have low surface free energy (54-42 mJ/m2), and rough surface (Ra 2.92-3.45 nm; Rq 3.84-4.21), and showed antioxidant activity (RSA 26% for 80HA/20TA; 93% for 20HA/80TA). All of the studied compositions of hyaluronic acid/tannic acid films are hemocompatible (hemolysis rate below 2%), however fully cytocompatible are only films based on 50HA/50TA. All films except 80HA/20TA showed appropriate mechanical properties in terms of potential implantation. All samples did not show the irritation effect during the studies using the reconstructed human epidermis.
Large-scale particle shadow tracking and orientation measurement with collimated light
Authors: Baker Lucia , DiBenedetto Michelle
Published: October 2022

Lagrangian particle tracking experiments are a key tool to understanding particle transport in fluid flows. However, tracking particles over long distances is expensive and limited by both the intensity of light and number of cameras. In order to increase the length of measured particle trajectories in a large fluid volume with minimal cost, we developed a large-scale particle-shadow-tracking method. This technique is able to accurately track milimeter-scale particles and their orientations in meter-scale laboratory fluid flows. By tracking the particles' shadows cast by a wide beam of collimated light from a high-power LED, 2D particle position and velocity can be obtained, as well as their 3D orientation. Compared with traditional volumetric particle tracking techniques, this method is able to measure particle kinematics over a larger area using much simpler imaging and tracking techniques. We demonstrate the method on sphere, disk, and rod particles in a wavy wind-driven flow, where we successfully track particles and reconstruct their orientations.
Modified Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering Protocol to Increase WSN Lifetime for the IoT Applications (IoT-DEEC)
Authors: El-Sayed Hamdy H. , Hashem Zainab Mostafa
Published: October 2022

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have several uses in a variety of disciplines. The Internet of Things (IoT), which permits the interconnection of various items or devices over the Internet, is one of the most recent growing applications. However, as compared to mobile ad-hoc networks, WSNs have a greater concern about battery power, which reduces the network's lifetime. As a result, much research has been done on reducing the energy consumption of WSNs. One of the many techniques for reducing the energy consumption of WSNs is to design a hierarchical clustering algorithm. Modeling and constructing energy-efficient routing solutions to maximize the total network lifetime has become one of the most important strategies in wireless sensor networks due to the sensor nodes' limited hardware resources. In a distributed sensor network, cluster-based heterogeneous routing protocols, a common aspect of routing technology, have shown success in managing topology, energy consumption, data collection or fusion, reliability, or stability. In this study, the existing Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (DEEC) clustering protocol is modified by introducing a threshold limit for cluster head selection while simultaneously switching the power level between the nodes. The proposed modified DEEC protocol outperforms as compared to the existing DEEC protocol with an 843% rise in packets sent to a base station, extending the number of alive nodes to more than 10,000 rounds, approximately 30,000 rounds, which can be used to enhance the WSN lifetime. When compared with other energy-efficient protocols, it is found that the proposed algorithm performs better in terms of stability period and network lifetime in different scenarios of area, energy, and node density.
FGFR1 governs iron metabolism via regulating post-translational modification of IRP2 in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Lin Hui , Shi Liuhong , Zhou Dongyan , Chen Shaungya , He Ping , Zheng Xiaolu , Qiu Feng , Yuan Yuying , Lin Shuaijun , Li Xiaokun , Wang Fen , Wang Cong
Published: October 2022

Background
The acquisition of ectopic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression is well documented in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, how FGFR1 facilitates PCa progression is not fully revealed, although it is known to confer tumor growth advantage and metastasis. Here we report that FGFR1 deletion in DU145 human PCa cells retards the iron metabolism and reduces transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), which synergistically enhances the anti-cancer effect of iron chelator.
Methods
Prostate/PCa tissues from various ages of wildtype and TRAMP mice were collected to investigate FGFR1 expression and iron content for association with prostate cancer development and progression. FGFR1 null DU145 cells (DU145ΔR1 cells) were generated to analyze the association of FGFR1 expression with iron metabolism in PCa using iron assay kit, Western blot and qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, DFO, an iron-chelating agent, treated PCa cells to determine whether ablation of FGFR1 sensitized the cells to iron deficiency. Next, we assessed the association of TFR1 expression with Gleason scores in PCa patients through searching from the TCGA database, and investigated the relationship of FGFR1 with TFR1 expression under IRP2 regulation.
Results
FGFR1 and TFR1 are highly expressed in PCa, and FGFR1 overexpression increased TFR1 in PCa cell lines. Furthermore, we first time demonstrate that FGFR1 deletion boosts and shifts the degradation of iron regulatory proteins 2 (IRP2) to downregulate TFR1. Detailed characterization revealed that based on FGFR1 deletion the stability of IRP2 is broken, whose degradation is accelerated, which can be not observed without FGFR1 deletion. In addition, IRP2 overexpression rescue the malignancy degree of DU145 cells.
Conclusion
Our results here unravel a novel mechanism by which FGFR1 promotes PCa progression by upregulating iron metabolism, and that the FGFR1/IRP2/TFR1 axis can be a potential target for managing PCa progression.
Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity in malaria endemic areas of Pakistan using merozoite surface protein 2 (msp-2)
Authors: Mubaraki Murad A. , Khan Abdul Qader , Khan Muhammad Ilyas , Hussain Mubashir , Fozia Fozia , Khattak Amir Ali , Khan Taj Ali , Qasim Muhammad , Ahmad Ijaz
Published: October 2022

The detailed description of parasites living in the areas of malaria endemic is essential to assess the achievement of current strategies of controlling malarial disease. The purpose of this study is to inspect the inherited multiplicity of the Plasmodium falciparum, obtained from malaria endemic areas of Pakistan, using the merozoite surface protein-2 (msp-2), a highly polymorphic gene as a genetic marker. Blood samples of Plasmodium falciparum positive patients were collected from different Basic Health Units in different provinces of Pakistan during period from January 2018 to January 2019. DNA from Plasmodium falciparum positive samples was isolated and genotyped for msp-2 using allele-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Total 209 isolates were collected in which 179 show positive result through PCR and msp-2 recognized in 85 (47.4%) isolates. Allele of the msp-2 gene perceived the 3D7/IC allelic family in 42.3% and FC27 allelic family typing in 57.6%. A total of 25 different msp-2 genotypes were detected in which 13 were from FC27 family and 12 were from 3D7/IC family. Overall mean multiplicity of infections (MOI) was 1.20 (95 percent CI 1.00-1.50). The msp-2 locus had a heterozygosity index of 0.5. There were no differences in MOI between age groups of study. The parasite multiplicity density of infection has negative correlation found and also significant (P-value = 0.02). Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Pakistan's endemic areas are mostly monoclonal, with a low degree of MOI and moderate genetic diversity in the research population.
Research on load frequency control of multi-microgrids in an isolated system based on the multi-agent soft actor-critic algorithm
Authors: Xie LiLong , Li Yonghui , Fan Peixiao , Wan Li , Zhang Kanjun
Published: October 2022

Due to the limited capacity of a single microgrid, multiple sub-microgrids form interconnected multi-microgrids. However, load variation, distributed power output uncertainty and multi-microgrids network complexity have brought great difficulties to the frequency stability of the whole microgrid. To address this problem, this paper uses a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning（DRL）algorithm to design the controllers to control the frequency of the multi-microgrids. Firstly, a Load Frequency Control (LFC) model for multi-microgrids was built for a single microgrid. Secondly, based on the Centralized Training and Decentralized execution (CTDE) multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) framework, the Multi-Agent Soft Actor-Critic (MASAC) algorithm was designed and applied to the multi-microgrids model. The state space and action space of multi-agent were established according to the frequency deviation of every sub-microgrid and the output of each distributed power source. The reward function was then established according to the frequency deviation, and the frequency control problem was transformed into the reward maximization problem. The appropriate neural network and training parameters were selected to generate the interconnected microgrid controllers through multiple training of pre-learning. Finally, the simulation study shows that the MASAC controller proposed in this paper can quickly maintain frequency stability when the system is disturbed. The MASAC controller has strong adaptability and robustness under complex operating conditions whence the wind turbine is incapable of frequency regulation and the distribution network of the isolated system changes.
Upcycling plastic waste into high value-added chemicals under mild conditions
Authors: Wei Xiangyue , Zhang Qiang , Shen Chengfeng , Zhao Xu , Zhang Fan , Liu Xuehui , Wu Gang , Xu Shimei , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: October 2022

As the largest class of organic thermoplastic polymers, polyolefins generated huge amounts of plastic wastes, which cannot be chemically recycled into their monomers or high-value chemicals in a cost- or energy-efficient way. To address this challenging issue, we develop a novel strategy for upcycling polypropylene (PP) waste. An anionic surfactant-induced oxidative degradation method is developed to transform polypropylene into terminal ketone/carboxylic acid/olefin functionalized long-chain oligomers (mainly average C70), which are important feedstocks used in synthetic surfactants, poly-α-olefin lubricants, and polyesters. The reaction only needs to be heated at 60oC for 5 min, and the subsequent reaction is completed by oxidative self-heating. The fast self-heating temperature up to 280oC triggers the thermal cracking of PP. Coupling exothermic oxidative cracking with endothermic thermal cracking promotes oxygenation and dehydrogenation of PP. Controlling the amount of Sodium dodecyl sulfate could modulate the self-exothermic process, giving the products with different degrees of functionalization. The approach provides a mild, facile, and fast solution to obtain value-added chemicals from waste polyolefins.
De novo transcriptome analysis unveils regulatory pathways associated with stress tolerance in a promising C3 model of halophyte, Suaeda salsa
Authors: Jamalirad Shima , Azimi Mohammad Reza , Sima Nayer Azam Khoshkholgh , Zeinalabedini Mehrshad , Farsad Laleh Karimi , Salekdeh Ghasem Hosseini , Ghaffari Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2022

Suaeda salsa is a promising halophyte model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in plants. To attain a thorough knowledge of transcriptomic profiles under salt stress during seedling establishment, we accomplished whole-transcriptome sequencing on the seedlings of Suaeda salsa at 30 days after exposure to 0 mM, 200 mM, 400 mM, and 800 mM NaCl. We observed that transcripts implicated in solute transport and nutrient uptake, protein synthesis, modification, hemostasis, transcriptional regulation, and phytohormone action prominently changed at different concentrations of salinity. Likewise, significant changes in the expression level of members of gene families such as MYB, bHLH, MADS/AGL, bZIP, NAC, C2C2, B3, ERF, WRKY, HB, NF-Y, C2H2 suggest them as key players in the salt tolerance of Suaeda salsa during seedling establishment. We additionally found the superfamilies of tyrosine-like protein kinase (TLK) linked to phosphorylation and Ca2+calmodulin-dependent protein kinas, enabling the signal sequence for protein activity and gene transcription under salinity stress. The novel identified autophagy ATG members, and autophagic cargo receptor protein (NBR1) was observed under salt stress suggesting that autophagy regulates rapid protein turnover as a prerequisite for salt stress tolerance in S. salsa.
Study on the Rheological, Thermal, Mechanical, and Optical Properties of LDPE/LLDPE Blown Films Containing Recycled LDPE/LLDPE Pellets For Circular Economy
Authors: Esmailzadeh Romina , Hosseini Shahin , Rashedi Reza , Houshmandmoayed Saeed , Afzali Kamal , Sepahi Abdolhannan
Published: October 2022

Blown film samples of 70/30 w/w low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) are prepared and recycled by shredding, washing, and extrusion to produce recycled pellets and then are blended with virgin LDPE and LLDPE at various loadings and undergo the process of blow molding to form blown films with intrinsic LDPE/LLDPE composition of 70/30 w/w. Differential scanning calorimetry results show a decrease in the melting and crystallization temperatures along with crystallinity percentage due to the presence of crosslinks. The presence of crosslink networks is confirmed by the complex viscosity curve, storage and loss modulus curves, and the interception point of the storage and loss modulus curves. Cole-Cole, Han, and Van Gurp Palman curves confirm miscibility in all samples at all compositions. Stress and strain at yield and break of the samples display an increase due to the affirmative effect of the crosslinks. Light refraction caused by the presence of the crosslinks causes an increase and decrease in the haze and gloss of the films, respectively.
Apatinib combined with SOX regimen for conversion therapy in advanced gastric cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Deng Yaya , Jiang Dingyi , Zhu Peng-Fei , Lu Hongrui , Liu Qian , Zhang Xinyue , Pan Shuangyue , Chen Zhe-Ling , Yang Liu
Published: October 2022

Background: Recently, many studies have shown that the progress of conversion therapy can provide surgical opportunities for patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) and bring survival benefits. However, the results of the current study show that the regimen used in conversion therapy is still controversial. Apatinib, as the standard third-line treatment for GC, has an inconclusive status in conversion therapy.
Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed GC patients admitted to Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from June 2016 to November 2019. All patients were pathologically diagnosed, had unresectable factors, and received SOX regimen with or without apatinib as conversion therapy.
Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study. Altogether 33 patients (66%) receivedconversion surgery and 17 patients (34%) received conversion therapy without surgery. The median progression-free survival (PFS) between surgery group and non-surgery group were 21.0 versus 4.0 months (p<0.0001), and the median overall survival (OS) were 29.0 versus 14.0 months (p<0.0001). In conversion surgery group, 16 patients (16/33) were treated with SOX plus apatinib, and the R0 resection rate was 81.3%; 17 patients (17/33) were treated with SOX regimen along, and the R0 resection rate was 41.2% (p=0.032). The PFS in the SOX combined with apatinib group was significantly longer than that of SOX group (25.5 versus 16 months, p=0.045), and the median OS were 34.0 versus 23.0 months (p=0.048). The addition of apatinib did not increase the incidence of serious adverse reactions throughout the preoperative therapy period.
Conclusions: Patients with advanced inoperable gastric cancer could benefit probably from conversion chemotherapy and subsequence conversion surgery. Apatinib targeted therapy combined with SOX chemotherapy may be a safe and feasible option for conversion therapy.
Soil pollution assessment and source identification of paddy soil in a typical polder of Dongting Lake
Authors: Huang Chaoyu , Zhong Feixia , Ren Yingjun , Chen Yunhua , Wang Xueping , He Qiuhua , Yu Shuchen , Ren Jie
Published: October 2022

Heavy metals are primary pollutants in agricultural soil that hinder the sustainable development of agriculture. To investigate the distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metal pollution of paddy soil in a typical polder of Dongting Lake, we collected 31 topsoil samples to measure the heavy metal content and soil pH. Based on the results, cadmium (Cd) exhibited the most severe soil pollution, followed by arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). In terms of the potential ecological risk, Cd also posed the most significant threat, followed by Hg, As, Pb, Cu, and Zn. Most of the study area was heavily polluted and had moderate ecological risk. The main pollution sources were of lithogenic (30.5%) and anthropogenic origins (sewage irrigation [17.8%], atmospheric deposition [27.7%], and chemical fertilizers [23.9%]). Our findings indicate that controlling Cd contamination in the study area is a priority; the contaminations of Hg, As, and Pb also need to be controlled. This study provides scientific support for the environmental management and pollution control of paddy soil heavy metals in polders of South Dongting Lake in China.
Microbial phosphine production: The key to improve productivity
Authors: Fan Yimin , Niu Xiaojun , Zhang Dongqing
Published: October 2022

This study focused on the metabolic pathways of Pseudescherichia sp. SFM4 phosphine production. Phosphine originated from biochemical stage of functional bacteria synthesize pyruvate in the cycle of tricarboxylic acid (TCA). Stirring the aggregated bacterial mass could lead to the increase in the yield of phosphine by 40%. Furthermore, the additional supply of pure hydrogen directly could lead to the increase in phosphine production by 44%. When inhibiting functional bacteria to produce hydrogen, the concentration of phosphine was significantly reduced. Microbial aggregates were observed after 12 hours, and phosphine was detected at this time. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted on microbial aggregates was primarily attributed to the functional groups responsible for the synthesis of phosphine-related substances. Compared with the control with only bacteria addition (60 mg/m3 PH3), the concentration of phosphine in the treatment with mixture of EPS and bacteria was increased to 100 mg/m3 after 48 h. The relative expressions of phoN and phoD related to phosphatase synthesis were up-regulated in functional bacteria during the phosphine production. It was implied that the phosphine produced by functional bacteria was derived from the decomposition of intracellular organophosphorus with C-P bonds by phosphatase.
UAMC-3203 improves the inhibitory microenvironment to repair spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Kan Shunli , Zhao Xinyan , Liu Chengjiang , Zhu Haoqiang , Feng Sa , Ma Boyuan , Zhou Mengmeng , Fu Xuanhao , Hu Wei , Zhu Rusen
Published: October 2022

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a type of trauma to the nervous system that can lead to severe dysfunction of the motor and sensory systems. The inhibitory microenvironment is the basis of secondary injury after SCI, and ferroptosis may aggravate secondary SCI. In this study, the role of ferroptosis inhibitor UAMC-3203 in the recovery of SCI was explored by examining the tissue structure, biochemical indexes, and motor function of rats after SCI.
Methods: A model of SCI was established using Alice's method. The protective effect of UAMC-3203 on spinal cord neurons and the recovery of motor function were studied by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) score, incline plate test, Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining. Immunofluorescence and Elisa analysis were used to study the effect of UAMC-3203 on the microenvironment. Western blot analysis was used to measure the level of ferroptosis markers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected to reflect the level of oxidation products.
Results: We found that in the UAMC-3203 group, the loss and demyelination of neurons was reduced, the activation and proliferation of astrocytes and microglia and the secretion of related inflammatory cytokines was restrained, and motor function recovery was faster and better compared with those in the SCI group.
Conclusions: UAMC-3203 has played an active role in the recovery process of SCI, providing evidence that post-SCI microenvironment imbalances are associated with ferroptosis.
An ultra-small bispecific protein augments tumor penetration and treatment for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Jingyun , Yan Hao , Li Zheng , Wang Kun , Kang Feiyu , Tian Jie , Zhao Xinming , Yun Seok-Hyun
Published: October 2022

Background and purpose
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. The once highly anticipated antibody-based pathway-targeted therapies have not achieved promising outcomes, due to drugs' low intrinsic anticancer activity and low penetration across the dense physiological barrier of PDAC tumors. Here, an ultra-small-sized (50 kDa), bispecific protein, called Bi-fp50, that can penetrate deep tumor tissue and effectively inhibit PDAC tumor growth is reported.
Methods
Bi-fp50 was constructed by a typical synthetic biology method and target both EGFR and VEGF of PDAC cells simultaneously. Characteristics for example binding affinity of Bi-fp50 were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). Different cell lines (Bxpc3, Aspc1) were used to test the in vitro targeting effect and anticancer ability of Bi-fp50. The orthotopic PDAC tumor model and subcutaneous PDAC tumor model were used to assess in vivo circulation and antitumor effect of Bi-fp50.
Results
Bi-fp50 with an ultra-small size of 50 kDa (5 ~ 6 nm) had shown a high target binding capacity and in vitro anticancer effect with significant cell killing for Bxpc3 and Aspc1 human PDAC cells. In vivo imaging had shown that Bi-fp50 could vastly enrich deep tumor tissue and had excellent penetration and accumulation when it was injected into orthotopic Bxpc3 xenograft mice. Bi-fp50 also had a high inhibition effect of tumor growth in vivo, accompanied by vascular normalization. No noticeable side effect of Bi-fp50 was found both in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusion
Compared with scFv2, anti-EGFR scFv, anti-VEGF scFv and Bi-fp50x group, Bi-fp50 with the ultra-small size had the highest binding affinity to both EGFR and VEGF targets. Since Bi-fp50 could penetrate deep pancreatic tumor tissue and had a high antitumor effect in vivo. Our work demonstrates that Bi-fp50 could be a potential candidate as a PDAC tumor suppressor.
Major Depression before and during the Covid-19 pandemic – a population-based study among Swedish adults
Authors: Forsell Yvonne , Liang Yajun , Burström Bo , Samuelsson Jonas , Möller Jette
Published: October 2022

Purpose: To determine and compare the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in 2010 and 2021 in an adult population living in Stockholm at start of participation, Sweden, and study the possible impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Methods: Data were used from 2010 (n=6,641) and 2021 (n=8,863) based on a longitudinal population-based study with the aim to study risk and protective factors for mental health. Self-reported depression was assessed using Major Depression Inventory and in 2021 questions on effects of the Covid-19 pandemic were added. Prevalence was calculated and presented with 95% confidence intervals.
Results: Depression and depressive symptoms had increased in 2021 compared with 2010. The highest prevalence was found in women and in the youngest age-group. There was no difference after adjusting for Covid-19 infection in any of the age-groups. Women who experienced life changes related to the pandemic situation had higher rates of depression as well as those who lost their job during the pandemic.
Conclusion: During the Covid-19 pandemic, it seems both depression and depressive symptoms become more common. However, we did not find support for a direct effect related to a Covid-19 infection but our results suggest that part of the increase may be due to secondary social and economic consequences of the pandemic.
Construction and validation of a prognostic model of metabolism-related genes driven by somatic mutation in bladder cancer
Authors: Wei Liang , Ji Lina , Han Shuaihong , Xu Mingquan , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: October 2022

Background Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a highly malignant disease in the urinary system. Somatic mutation is a key feature in cancer occurrence, development, and treatment. Moreover, altered metabolism contributes to patient prognosis. However, the role of metabolism-related genes (MRGs) driven by somatic mutations in BLCA remains unclear. Methods The data were gathered from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed metabolism-related genes (DEMRGs) between normal and BLCA patients were first identified and the functions were discussed. Then The risk model was construct by the DEMRGs with mutation frequency. The accuracy of the risk model was verified by risk curves, Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Subsequently, the correlation of risk score and clinical traits was also researched. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), immune checkpoints, immune microenvironment, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity were performed in high- and low-risk groups. And the scRNA-seq revealed that the expression pattern of prognostic biomarkers and cellular heterogeneity. Eventually, the mRNA expression levels of biomarkers were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results A total of 201 DEMRGs were retrieved, and the DEMRGs were significantly enriched in alcohol metabolic process, cellular modified amino acid metabolic process, and purine metabolism. Then the 24 DEMRGs of the mutation frequency greater than 3% were further analyzed, and a risk model was constructed by 5 biomarkers (FASN, ABCC4, ATP2B4, ATP8B2, and MTHFD1L). Moreover, the AUCs were all greater than 0.6, indicating the risk model had good efficacy. Meanwhile, the riskScore, T-pathologic, age, and N-pathologic were regarded as independent prognostic indicators. The DEMRGs were enriched in OXIDATIVE_PHOSPHORYLATION. Three immune checkpoints, four types of immune cells, and 146 drugs were substantially different in the two risk groups. And the scRNA-seq further disclosed relationships between genes regulation and tracked the development trajectories of distinct cell lineages. Finally, qRT-PCR results showed the expression levels of FASN and MTHFD1L were significantly higher in carcinoma tissue. Conclusion In brief, this study constructed a novel biomarkers, which could improve the prediction of independent prognosis indicators and guide individualized treatment of BLCA patients.
Factors associated with dosimetric changes and value of adaptive radiotherapy in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Bonnet Flore , Créhange Gilles , Berthaut Aurélie , Fouquier Anais , Truc Gilles , Chevalier Cédric , Roukoz Camille , Mirjolet Céline , Bidault Fabienne , Vulquin Noémie , Thibouw David
Published: October 2022

Background: Anatomical changes may occur during radiotherapy (RT) in Head and neck (H&N) cancer patients. These may lead to deviations between the initially planned doses and the delivered doses leading to a risk of organs at risk (OAR) overdose and tumor volume undercoverage. The aim of this study is to identify H&N patients who would benefit from adaptive radiotherapy (ART).
Material and Methods: Retrospective data were collected for patients treated with RT for H&N cancer requiring a new dosimetric computed tomography (CT) during treatment. The initially planned doses to OAR and tumor volumes were compared to the doses actually received with and without ART. Predictive criteria for dose deviations greater than 5% were tested.
Results: Among 51 patients included in this study, 29 had an overdose to at least one OAR and 13 had a tumor volume undercoverage. Brainstem overdose was associated with cervical volume decrease between the initial dosimetric CT and the 36±2Gy cone beam CT (CBCT) (OR= 11.29, p= 0.027). Homolateral parotid gland (PG) overdose was associated with a decrease of cervical volume (OR= 4.5, p= 0.033) as well as the decrease in high-risk clinical and planned target volumes (HR CTV and PTV) between the initial and the new dosimetric CT [(OR= 3.38, p = 0.04) and (OR= 7.5, p= 0.017 respectively)]. Tumor volume undercoverage was associated with an older age at diagnosis (OR= 6.79, p= 0.022), a small initial macroscopic tumor volume (OR= 9.33, p= 0.006), and a decrease in HR CTV and PTV at the new dosimetric CT (OR= 7.29, p= 0.016; and OR= 7.7, p= 0.006 respectively). With ART, 19 patients (37.3%) showed an improvement in the sparing of at least one OAR and 6 (11.8%) an improvement in tumor volume coverage.
Conclusion: Factors such as a decrease in cervical diameters and volume during RT, low initial GTV, high age at diagnosis or a decrease in CTV and PTV HR during RT may help predict possible overdosage to OARs or PTV undercoverage. This might allow a better selection of patients who can benefit from ART.
Evaluation of novel bone metabolism markers in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Vigil Flávia Maria Borges , de Castro Pedro Alves Soares Vaz , Hasparyk Úrsula Gramiscelli , Bartolomei Victoria Soares , Silva Ana Cristina Simões e
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Immunosuppressive therapies, persistent hyperparathyroidism, and other risk factors influence mineral and bone disorder (MBD) after kidney transplantation. However, little is known about their effect on bone metabolism biomarkers. Therefore, we aimed to understand how kidney transplant affects these markers in comparison to patients on hemodialysis and healthy individuals.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with three groups: kidney transplantation patients, patients on hemodialysis, and healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OPN), sclerostin (SOST), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) were measured in these three groups. Associations between the measurements of these molecules with clinical and laboratory data were evaluated.
Results: A total of 114 patients were included in the study. Transplant recipients had significantly lower levels of DKK1 (p < 0.001), OPG (p < 0.001), OC (p < 0.001), OPN (p = 0.001), OST (p < 0.001), and FGF-23 (p < 0.001) when compared to patients on hemodialysis. In transplant recipients, alkaline phosphatase levels positively correlated with OPN (r = 0.572, p < 0.001), while FGF-23 was negatively correlated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (r = -0.531; p = 0.019). The bone biomarkers panel was able to successfully predict hypercalcemia (AUC 0.852; 95%CI = 0.679–1.000) and dyslipidemia (AUC 0.811; 95%CI 0.640–0.982) in transplant recipients.
Conclusion: Our findings showed a reduction in bone metabolism markers, DKK1, OPG, OC, OPN, and SOST after kidney transplantation. Kidney transplantation modulates MBD markers, suggesting a significant improvement of MBD associated with end-stage kidney disease.
Cancer diagnosis with image filter-integrated artificial intelligence algorithms: Innovative possibilities
Authors: Kara Ahmet
Published: October 2022

This paper makes use of versatile, multi-layered combinations of artificial intelligence algorithms in static and dynamic contexts that can be innovatively put into practice for cancer diagnosis. The paper describes two methods, the first of which employs image filters to extract, from images, quantified features that can be fed into selection and classification algorithms to accurately diagnose cancer. The method is applicableto many different cancer-related cases. We have used this method of image filter-integrated artificial intelligence algorithms, in the context of a data set, to achieve up to 100 % accuracy. This method, which is static and hence focuses on cases at a point in time, could be generalized to a dynamic setting by collecting data at different points in time and evaluating them algorithmically so as to construct a trajectory describing cancer progression over time. Obtaining such a cancer trajectory would facilitate the decisions for optimal treatment and/or interventions to slow down cancer progression or help eradicate cancer altogether.
The static and dynamic methods described here enable the computerized identification of structurally complex tumors with intricate patterns, which might require relatively sophisticated measures such as fractal dimension, entropy and Liapunov exponent, which could be incorporated into the feature set so as to facilitate successful classification.
Overall, methods are flexible enough to handle a broad range of cases with various levels of complexity and intricacy as well as varying scale and scope associated with different types, subtypes, degrees and stages of cancer.
Household-Level Economic Penalties Resulted From Climate Change-Induced Events Among The Coastal Fishers Of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Shahidul , Islam Md. Jahirul , BakiBillah Abul Hasan , Haque Md. Mansurul
Published: October 2022

Climate change-induced (CCI) calamities have immense negative impacts on coastal fishers’ livelihoods by damaging their household and fishery-related assets, which triggers cyclic poverty among them. This study aimed to identify household-level economic penalties due to CCI calamities among the coastal fishers of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 338 coastal fishers living in 11 coastal districts using a random sampling technique. Males outnumbered females [84.6% vs. 15.4%], with nearly all (99.1%) living below the poverty line. On average, coastal fishers had to struggle against at least three (3.12 ± 1.28) CCI catastrophes with considerable losses per incidence [domestic asset loss (DAL): 38318 ± 33071; loss in fisheries (LIF): 19236 ± 20486] within the past five years. CCI incidences such as severity of disaster (SoD), longevity of disaster (LoD), winter-cold shock (WCS), and water flow were significantly associated with DAL [95% C.I., p < 0.05]. Similarly, SoD, WCS, water flow, and sea waves during storms (SWDS) were also significantly associated with the impoverished status of coastal fishers in Bangladesh. Climate-resilient coastal management and livelihood improvement policies implemented by the relevant authorities could reduce impending economic penalties for coastal fishing communities.
Higher Blood Cotinine Level is Associated with Worse Cognitive Functioning in Non-smoking Older Adults
Authors: Qiao Huimei , Ge Song
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Secondhand smoke (SHS) is common in older adults; however, its cognitive effect is unclear. We aimed to examine the association between serum cotinine level and cognitive functioning among non-smoking older adults.

Method

A total of 2703 older adults aged 60 and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014 were included. Serum cotinine level was analyzed in the laboratory. A level ≤ 10 ng/mL and response of “no” to the question “Do you currently smoke?” were used to select non-smokers. Cognitive functioning was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD-WL) immediate and delayed recall tests, the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Using means and standard deviations (SD) of the cognitive test scores, test-specific and global cognition z scores were calculated. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to examine the association between serum cotinine level quartile and test-specific and global cognition z scores adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, depressive symptoms, body mass index, alcohol use, smoking history, prevalent coronary heart disease, stroke, and systolic blood pressure.

Results

About half of the participants (mean age 70.5 years) were female (53.6%), non-Hispanic White (48.3%), and completed some college and above (50.2%). Multivariate linear regressions showed that participants in the 1st quartile (highest) of serum cotinine level, compared with those in the 4th quantile (lowest), had lower immediate recall (β -0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.29, -0.03), AFT (β -0.19, 95% CI -0.33, -0.05), DSST (β -0.27, 95% CI -0.39, -0.15), and global cognition (β -0.26, 95% CI -0.39, -0.14) z scores. Participants in the 2nd quartile, compared with those in the 4th quartile, had lower immediate recall (β -0.16, 95% CI -0.30, -0.02) and global cognition (β -0.16, 95% CI -0.29, -0.02) z scores. Participants in the 3rd quartile, compared with those in the 4th quartile, had lower delayed recall z scores (β -0.16, 95% CI -0.29, -0.02).

Conclusions

Higher serum cotinine level was associated with worse cognitive functioning in non-smoking older adults. Prevention and reduction of SHS in older adults may help protect their cognitive functioning.
EVALUATION AMONG HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS AND GENERAL PUBLIC ON THE SCOPE OF MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY: CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors:   Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Hyderabad, Telangana., Kumar Pittala Ranjith , Kumar Bal Bikash ,   Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Hyderabad, Telangana., Subbaiah Rajala Venkata ,   Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh.
Published: October 2022

Objectives:Oral and Maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is a dental speciality which is bridged between medicine and dentistry. This department deals with the anatomical region of head and neck region. OMFS has evolved from ages just not ending with tooth extraction.The aim of the study was to survey the knowledge of OMFS among medical, dental interns and general population. Material and methods:An organized survey twenty clinical questionnaire was framed and was asked to medical and dental interns as well as general public.173 participants took part in this survey of which 27 were general public, 80 were medical interns and 66 were dental interns. The data were formulated using Microsoft excel, the results were analyzed, percentage of the population were taken into consideration. Results:The results were tabulated and percentage of the populations were analyzed. Medical and dental interns recognized that most of the treatments are mainly treated by maxillofacial surgeons Conclusions:The study brought to light that dental interns are aware of the treatments what OMFS does. There is still lack of knowledge among general population. So the current conceptof oral surgery should be aware so that the interns gain ample knowledge in this field and ensure correct referral of all the patients.
Oxidizing and antioxidant processes in wheat plants infected by Septoria tritici Rob
Authors: Molodchenkova O. O. , Lytvynenko M. A. , Mishchenko L. T. , Ryshchakova O. V. , Bezkrovna L. Ya. , Fanin Ya. S. , Tikhonov P. S.
Published: October 2022

Purpose. Based on the study of oxidative and antioxidant processes in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) in the earing phase at the infection by Septoria tritici Rob., identify the varietal features of changes in the level of hydrogen peroxide, the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activi­ty of antioxidant enzymes for development of biochemical methods for selection of disease-resistant plants.
Methods. Field, spectrophotometric methods of biochemical characteristic determination, comparison, generalization. Statistical analysis of research results was carried out using the program Libre Office Calc (GNU Lesser General Public Licensev3).
Results. Changes in the content of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase in wheat plants infected by S. tritici at the earing phase were determined. The presence of varietal features of changes in the oxidative and antioxidant processes of wheat plant cells upon S. tritici infection were detected. It was shown that plant response to S. tritici damage in more disease-resistant wheat varieties were characterized by increased or unchanged relative to the control the content of malondialdehyde and peroxidase activity. 
Conclusions. The obtained results will expand the knowledge about the mechanisms of maintaining ROS homeostasis in wheat plants infected by S. tritici and allow to identify biochemical reactions of wheat plants in response to infection, which can be used in the future for the development of biochemical methods for identification of disease-resistant varieties.
PACATNAMU, LA POLIS DE LOS PACASMAYOS. Veinte siglos de vigencia en el mundo andino
Authors: Deza Rivasplata Jaime , Castañeda Balarezo Víctor , Yenque Mendoza Raúl , Santolalla Tarma Jorge
Published: October 2022

El valle Jequetepeque, se encuentra ubicado entre las regiones de La Libertad y Cajamarca, Perú, cubriendo un área agrícola de cuarenta y tres mil (43 000) hectáreas. La ocupación del valle se inicia con las bandas de recolectores - cazadores paleolíticos, hace catorce mil años, luego nueve mil años antes de hoy se registra la ausencia de pobladores, posiblemente fueron las condiciones climáticas desfavorables que permitieron el surgimiento de los desiertos o muy escasa población en el valle, cuyos restos no se han ubicado aún. De estos últimos podemos decir que fueron recolectores de lomas y especialmente mariscadores -pescadores del litoral, cuatro o cinco mil años atrás, que sus asentamientos estuvieron condicionados porla riqueza ictiológica de su mar.
Evaluation and sizing of proprietary sedimentation devices for decentralised stormwater treatment
Authors: Houlker Sam , Pasing Alexander , Gesterding Moritz
Published: October 2022

Suspended solids removal is a key performance measure for proprietary stormwater treatment devices. Various technologies are available, with manufacturers claiming hydrodynamic separators offer performance advantages. However, it is important to assess manufacturers' claims. Accordingly, this study seeks to compare the performance of proprietary devices, by applying dimensional analysis to third-party certification data and experimental data from uncertified devices, and to determine the accuracy of a single parameter estimation (Hazen or Péclet number) of removal efficiency. Statistical analysis indicates that device performance is well described by a single parameter estimation transitioning from Hazen (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient = 0.81 and root mean square error = 5.1%) at low surface loading rates (SLR) in all technology types (high removal efficiency) to Péclet (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient = 0.5 to 0.61 and root mean square error = 5.9% to 4.3%) at higher SLR (low removal efficiency) for hydrodynamic separators. This indicates that performance at low SLR is well explained by gravity separation in all technology types, whilst in hydrodynamic separators removal at high SLR is better explained by gravity separation plus advection. Consequently, when high (>80%) removal efficiency is required there is no performance advantage between technology types. However, when low (<50%) removal efficiency is required hydrodynamic separators offer a 33% increase in treatment area.