bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An explainable machine learning based probabilistic framework for the design of scaffolds in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Drakoulas George , Gortsas Theodore , Polyzos Efstratios , Tsinopoulos Stephanos , Pyl Lincy , Polyzos Demosthenes
Published: November 2023

Recently, 3D-printed biodegradable scaffolds have shown great potential for bone repair in critical-size fractures. The differentiation of the cells on a scaffold is impacted among other factors by the surface deformation of the scaffold due to mechanical loading and the wall shear stresses imposed by the interstitial fluid flow. These factors are in turn significantly affected by the material properties, the geometry of the scaffold, as well as the loading and flow conditions. In this work, a numerical framework is proposed to study the influence of these factors on the expected osteochondral cell differentiation. The considered scaffold is rectangular with a 0/90 lay-down pattern and a four-layered strut made of polylactic acid with a 5\% steel particle content. The distribution of the different types of cells on the scaffold surface is estimated through a scalar stimulus, calculated by using a mechanobioregulatory model. To reduce the simulation time for the computation of the cell stimulus, a probabilistic, machine learning (ML) based reduced order model (ROM) is proposed. Then, a sensitivity analysis is performed using the Shapley additive explanations, to examine the contribution of the various parameters to the framework cell stimulus predictions. In a final step, a multiobjective optimization procedure is implemented using genetic algorithms and the ROMs, aiming to identify the material parameters and loading conditions that maximize the percentage of surface area populated by bone cells while minimizing the area occupied by necrotic cells. The results of the performed analysis highlight the potential of using ROMs for the scaffold design, by dramatically reducing the simulation time while enabling the efficient implementation of sensitivity analysis and optimization procedures.
The impact of daratumumab pretreatment on multiple myeloma patients undergoing autologous transplantation
Authors: Kanda Junya , Shimazu Yutaka , Suzuki Kazuhito , Wada Akinori , Kikuchi Taku , Ikeda Takashi , Tsukada Nobuhiro , Miwa Akihiro , Itagaki Mitsuhiro , Kako Shinichi , Nishiwaki Kaichi , Ota Shuichi , Fujiwara Shin-ichiro , Kataoka Keisuke , Doki Noriko , Sawa Masashi , Hiramoto Nobuhiro , Nishikawa Akinori , Imai Toshi , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Kanda Yoshinobu , Atsuta Yoshiko , Kawamura Koji
Published: November 2023

The anti-CD38 antibody daratumumab (Dara) has been reported to improve the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, but its use before autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains controversial. To clarify the prognostic impact of Dara before ASCT on MM, we performed a retrospective observational analysis. We analyzed 2,626 patients who underwent ASCT between 2017 and 2020. In the comparison between patients not administered Dara (Dara- group) and those administered Dara (Dara + group), the 1-year progression-free survival (1-year PFS) rates were 87.4% and 77.3% and the 1-year overall survival (1-year OS) rates were 96.7% and 90.0% in the two groups, respectively. In multivariate analysis, age < 65 years (p = 0.015), low ISS stage (p < 0.001), absence of unfavorable cytogenic abnormalities (p < 0.001), no Dara use before ASCT (p = 0.037) and good treatment response before ASCT (p < 0.001) were independently associated with superior PFS. In matched pair analysis, the PFS/OS of the Dara- group were also significantly superior. For MM patients who achieved complete or very good partial response (CR/VGPR) by Dara addition before ASCT, both PFS and OS significantly improved. However, in patients who did not achieve CR/VGPR before ASCT, the PFS/OS of the Dara + group were significantly inferior to those of the Dara- group.
Retrospective Analysis of the Clinical Usefulness of a Strut-adjusted Volume Implant in a Single Center
Authors: Ata-Shiroshita Arisa , Kuwayama Takashi , Kato Masako , Shinjo Hidenori , Miyaura Kazunori , Nagata Aya , Komatsu Nana , Matsuyanagi Misaki , Sakai Haruna , Matsunaga Yuki , Nakayama Sayuka , Yoshizawa Ayuha , Ikeda Murasaki , Taruno Kanae , Masuda Hiroko , Sawada Terumasa , Hayashi Naoki , Ito Yoshinori , Watanabe Chie , Akashi-Tanaka Sadako , Nakamura Seigo
Published: November 2023

Background: Reports demonstrating the effectiveness and safety of strut-adjusted volume implant (SAVI) in Japan are limited. Therefore, we aimed to compare the treatment outcomes of SAVI and whole breast irradiation (WBI) at a single facility.
Methods: Data were retrospectively extracted from the medical records of patients treated with SAVI or WBI following breast-conserving therapy. Patients undergoing partial mastectomy (Bp), sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), and SAVI spacer insertion followed by SAVI irradiation were compared to those followed by WBI. Local recurrence was assessed annually by physical examination, bilateral mammography, and breast ultrasonography.
Results: The SAVI and WBI groups comprised 53 and 113 patients, with a median age of 55 and 52 years, respectively; among whom, 47 and 6 patients had pathological tumor diameter ≤ 2 cm and 91 and 22 had pathological tumor diameter > 2 cm, respectively. Micro-lymph node metastasis, recurrence events, and acute adverse events were observed in the SAVI and WBI groups in 2 and 2, 1 and 3, and 24 and 79 patients, respectively, with median observation periods of 60.0 and 47.8 months, respectively. All adverse events were grades 1–2, with dermatitis being the most common. In the late phase, pigmentation was common in both groups (24 and 18 patients in the SAVI and WBI groups, respectively). Cosmetic outcomes were excellent/good in 42 and 42 patients in the SAVI and WBI groups, respectively.
Conclusions: SAVI is expected to benefit patients in the future. Large-scale studies are warranted to verify the usefulness of SAVI in Japan.
Community education training to optimize the use of Artemisinin-based combination therapy treatment in Kamuli District, Uganda
Authors: Bawate Charles , Callender-Carter Sylvia , Guyah Bernard , Ouma Collins
Published: November 2023

Background
Community health education improves members health-seeking and utilization behaviours. To enhance the community knowledge and their adherence to Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), we carried out a community training in Kamuli District, Uganda.
Methods
The Analysis, Design, Development and Implementation (ADDIE) model was adopted. A total of 3420 community members were trained, 384 sampled to participate in pre-post-test assessment, with 76 healthcare workers (HCW). Community members were sampled by simple random sampling while the HCW were purposively selected. Community trainings occurred for two days at each of 42 public health facilities and one day at 27 parishes. A paired sample t-test and effect size was computed to establish effect with statistical significance tested at p<0.05.
Results
Overall, a total of 3496 participants, majority 2705 (77.4%) females were trained. A total of 3420 community members, majority 2659 (77.7%) females trained, and 76 HCW, majority 46 (60.5%) females trained. The training had a positive and significant effect on the community members knowledge: malaria transmission (p<0.0001; 95% CI=0.191-0.293) causes of malaria (p<0.0001; 95% CI=0.170-0.309), malaria symptoms (p<0.0001, 95% CI= 0.113-0.242), dangerous malaria species (p<0.0001; 95% CI=0.299-0.415), Plasmodium vivax malaria cycle and occurrence every 48 hours (p< 0.0001; 95% CI = 0.167-0.286), assessing whether a patient with malaria may suffer from jaundice (p<0.0001; 95% CI=0.167-0.292), organs affected by Plasmodium falciparum (p< 0.0001; 95% CI=0.343-0.475), malaria diagnosis (p<0.0001; 95% CI=0.247-0.372), Plasmodium associated with malaria relapse (p<0.0001; 95% CI=0.261-0.385), and malaria prevention and control (p<0.0001; 95% CI=0.230-0.353). The intervention also had a significant and positive effect on HCW knowledge on all domains except on malaria transmission (p=0.228; 95% CI= -0.042-0.174) where it didn’t have any statistically significant increase on their knowledge.
Conclusion
The education intervention improved the knowledge of participants significantly. There is need to adopt and scale-up the current intervention at all levels of care to enhance proper use of medicines.
Estimated C-reactive protein (CRP) velocity for rapidly distinguishing bacterial from other etiologies in children presenting to emergency department with remarkably elevated CRP levels
Authors: Cohen Neta , Regev Asaf , Mordel Inbar , Berliner Shlomo , Rimon Ayelet
Published: November 2023

Purpose
The use of a single C-reactive protein (CRP) value to differentiate between bacterial and non-bacterial causes is limited. Estimated CRP velocity (eCRPv) has shown promise in enhancing such discrimination in adults. This study aims to investigate the association between eCRPv and bacterial etiologies among pediatric patients with very elevated CRP levels.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients under 18 years of age who had been admitted to our Pediatric Emergency Department from 2018 to 2020 with a fever and CRP levels ≥ 150 mg/L. Bacterial and non-bacterial etiologies were determined from hospital discharge diagnoses, which were monitored independently by 3 physicians from the research team.
Results
The records of 495 suitable patients (51.2% males, median age 3.2 years) were retrieved of whom 444 (89.7%) were eventually diagnosed with bacterial infections. The mean CRP levels were significantly higher for bacterial etiologies compared with other causes (209.2 ± 59.8 mg/L vs. 185.6 ± 35.8 mg/L, respectively, p < .001), while the mean eCRPv values did not differ significantly (p = .15). In a time course analysis, we found that specifically in patients presenting ≥ 72 hours after symptom onset, only a eCRPv1 level > 1.08 mg/L/h was an independent predictor of bacterial infection (aOR = 5.5 [95% CI: 1.7–17.8], p = .004).
Conclusions
Pediatric patients with very high CRP levels and fever mostly have bacterial infections. eCRPv levels, unlike CRP values alone, can serve as the sole independent predictor of bacterial infection > 72 hours from symptom onset, warranting further prospective investigations into CRP kinetics in pediatric patients.
Deciphering the metabolic basis and molecular circuitry of the Warburg effect in lymphoma
Authors: Ravi Dashnamoorthy , Kritharis Athena , Evens Andrew M.
Published: November 2023

Background: Prior to the widely recognized Krebs cycle, Otto Warburg observed aerobic glucose metabolism yielding lactate in malignant cells in 1923. Warburg's pioneering discovery made it possible to develop FDG-PET scans to diagnose cancer and develop LDH as a biomarker for hematological malignancies. Although lactate synthesis is a prominent metabolic feature of malignancy, its biological mechanisms, necessity, and significance remains unclear. Resolving the biological principles of the Warburg effect has revived interest in recent years due to recognition of metabolic reprogramming as a hallmark of cancer. However, most efforts have focused on upstream molecular features instead of directly resolving from a metabolic perspective.
Methods: We developed a “metabolic overflow hypothesis" interlinking metabolic flux with cell cycle progression and explored metabolic behaviors in lymphoma. Through metabolic profiling of cell cycle phases, pharmacological perturbations and isotopic tracer studies comparing lymphoma and non-malignant lymphoblastoid cells, as well as validation of these metabolic profiles in human tumors, we provide insights into the molecular-metabolic circuitry underlying the Warburg effect.
Results: Our results show that glucose carbons are diverted to nucleotide biosynthesis as the anabolic demand for nucleotides is higher in malignancy. Through pyruvate, glucose indirectly facilitates entry of glutamine carbons into TCA, thereby sustaining catabolism through TCA and energy metabolism. As a result of these metabolic actions, pyruvate is converted into alanine and lactate.
Conclusion: Pyruvate is metabolically converted to lactate and alanine during S phase and is closely associated with the diversion of glucose for nucleotide synthesis, as well as maintaining the metabolic continuity of TCA through glutamine. Taken together, our study explains Warburg's metabolic paradox, i.e., the need for glucose and oxygen despite the reduction in glucose oxidation and the occurrence of pseudo-anaerobic lactate synthesis in cancer. Although these metabolic activities may appear to be part of physiological proliferation, their augmentation during malignancy results in increased metabolic supplies and nucleotides, which are necessary for oncogenic cell proliferation.
Green Synthesis of Honeycomb-Structured Carbon Quantum Dots from Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Setianto Setianto , Men Liu Kin , Bahtiar Ayi , Panatarani Camellia , Joni I Made
Published: November 2023

This study presents a novel and environmentally friendly approach to synthesizing honeycomb carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from cigarette smoke by a hydrothermal process. A comprehensive characterization of these CQDs, conducted through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), showcases their unique honeycomb structure, with an average particle size of 6.3 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) in CQDs is a captivating phenomenon where these nanoscale carbon structures emit strong blue luminescence at 461 nm upon exposure to ultraviolet light, with their excitation peak occurring at 380 nm. Additionally, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis identifies specific functional groups within the CQDs, offering valuable insights into the mechanisms governing their photoluminescence. Analysis of excitation spectra indicates the presence of both aromatic C = C bonds at 254 nm and C − O bonds from 280 nm to 420 nm, showcasing the potential of using cigarette smoke as a sustainable source for creating eco-friendly honeycomb-structured CQDs.
Endoscopic and clinical features of gastric emphysema
Authors: Iwamuro Masaya , Takenaka Ryuta , Toyokawa Tatsuya , Kita Masahide , Tsuzuki Takao , Yoshioka Masao , Gotoda Tatsuhiro , Okanoue Shotaro , Matsubara Minoru , Sakaguchi Chihiro , Otsuka Motoyuki
Published: November 2023

Gastric emphysema is characterized by the presence of intramural gas in the stomach without bacterial infection. Due to its rarity, most reports on gastric emphysema have been limited to single-case studies, and this condition’s clinical and endoscopic features have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we analyzed 45 patients with gastric emphysema from 10 institutions and examined their characteristics, endoscopic features, and outcomes. The mean age at diagnosis of gastric emphysema in our study population (35 males and 10 females) was 68.6 years (range, 14–95 years). The top five underlying conditions associated with gastric emphysema were the placement of a nasogastric tube (26.7%), diabetes mellitus (20.0%), post-percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (17.8%), malignant neoplasms (17.8%), and renal failure (15.6%). Among the 45 patients, 42 were managed conservatively with fasting and administration of proton pump inhibitors. Unfortunately, seven patients did not survive, and 35 patients experienced favorable recoveries. The resolution of gastric emphysema was confirmed in 30 patients through computed tomography (CT) scans, with a mean duration of 17.1 ± 34.9 days (mean ± standard deviation [SD], range: 1–180 days) from the time of diagnosis to the disappearance of the gastric intramural gas. There were no instances of recurrence. Endoscopic evaluation was possible in 18 patients and revealed that gastric emphysema presented with features such as redness, erosion, coarse mucosa, and ulcers, with fewer mucosal injuries on the anterior wall (72.2%), a clear demarcation between areas of mucosal injury and intact mucosa (61.1%), and predominantly longitudinal mucosal injuries on the stomach folds (50.0%). This study is the first English-language report to analyze endoscopic findings in patients with gastric emphysema.
Identification of Novel Hub Genes and Key Pathways Associated with Breast Cancer Through Various Classification Models
Authors: Saddiqa Alishbah , Zakir Mahrukh , Sheikh Mawara , Muneer Zahid , Hassan Arsalan , Ali Iqra , Haq Ihtisham Ul , Khan Azmat Ali , Alanazi Amer M. , Siddiqi Abdul Rauf
Published: November 2023

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant neoplasm that arises from the uncontrolled growth and cell proliferation in the breast tissue. The BC is classified into various types defined by underlying molecular types such as estrogen receptor positive (ER+), progesterone receptor positive (PR+), human epidermal growth factor positive (HER2+) and triple negative (TN) breast cancer. Timely diagnosis of various distinct breast cancer types is crucial in the choice of an appropriate treatment strategy. Here we report the key genes and the use of machine learning (ML) approach for classification of TNBC and ER+ patients using gene expression data.Method: The RNA Sequencing data analysis was performed on TNand ER+ tumor samples from ENA to obtain differentially expressed genes. The DAVID database was used to conduct pathway enrichment analysis. There has been considerable enrichment of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cancer-related functions and pathways. An interaction network between genes was then constructed using the STRING database. Lastly, we evaluated three different classification models including Support vector machine, k nearest neighbor and Naïve Bayes using different threshold levels to train the models for classifying two types of breast cancer.Results: DEG’s were obtained as a result of this study which can differentiate between ER+ and TNBC types. We filtered out 10 hub genes by cytohubba plug-in including CDC20, CDK1, BUB1, AURKA, CDCA8, RRM2, TTK, CENPF, CEP55 and NDC80 which can be used for the prognosis and can generate therapeutic alternatives. Among the three ML algorithms, kNNwas able to classify more accurately.Conclusion: 10 hub genes were identified which can be used to study the clinical and molecular behavior of breast cancer and to generate therapeutic alternatives to increase the survival rate and the prediction results of ML algorithm can be used to classify the breast cancer types.
Non-betahemolytic streptococcal bacteremia, cardiac implantable electronic device, endocarditis, extraction, and outcome; a population- based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Berge Andreas , Lundin Johannes , Bläckberg Anna , Sunnerhagen Torgny , Rasmussen Magnus
Published: November 2023

Purpose Patients with non-beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia (NBHSB) are at risk of infective endocarditis (IE). Patients with cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) have been described to have an increased risk of IE. The aim of the study was to describe a population-based cohort of patients with NBHSB and CIED and variables associated with IE and recurrent NBHSB. Methods All episodes with NBHSB in blood culture from 2015 to 2018 in a population of 1.3 million inhabitants were collected from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Lund, Sweden. Through medical records, patients with CIED during NBHSB were identified and clinical data were collected. Patients were followed 365 days after NBHSB. Results Eighty-five episodes in 79 patients with CIED and NBHSB constituted the cohort. Eight patients (10%) were diagnosed with definite IE during the first episode, five of whom also had heart valve prosthesis (HVP). In 39 patients (49%) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed of which six indicated IE. Four patients had the CIED extracted. Twenty-four patients did not survive (30%) the study period. Four patients had a recurrent infection with NBHSB with the same species, three of whom had HVP and had been evaluated with TEE with a negative result during the first episode and diagnosed with IE during the recurrency. Conclusion The study did not find a high risk of IE in patients with NBHSB and CIED. Most cases of IE were in conjunction with a simultaneous HVP. A management algorithm is suggested.
Explicit instruction and learning- a Focus on Learners’ Metacognitive Grammar Awareness and Knowledge of English Tenses
Authors: Alqaed Mai Abdullah
Published: November 2023

This study explores how undergraduate English language learners develop their metacognitive grammar awareness and knowledge and how they perceive their progress. The sample included 53 first year English language female undergraduates from a public university in Saudi Arabia. A consciousness-raising approach was adopted as well as tests, questionnaire, blackboard discussions and classroom activities were used to study developmental change. A set of three tests on their metacognitive knowledge of English grammar tenses were administrated over a period of 12 weeks. The result revealed an improvement in their grammar awareness of the targeted 12 English tenses. Also, a reflective questionnaire was administrated to elicit the participants’ attitudes towards their consciousness learning as well as the consciousness-raising approach. Their attitudes were mainly positive. Their online and classroom engagement differed giving favour to the latter. These findings highlight learners’ need of an L2 explicit grammar awareness approach that fosters their learning preference.
Length of Hospital Stay and Factors Associated Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Neonates Surviving to Discharge a cross-sectional study, 2022
Authors: Mehretie Yimenu , Amare Ashenafi Tazebew , Getnet Geta Bayu , Mekonnen Birhanu abie
Published: November 2023

Background: Length of hospital stay of very low birth weight neonates (birth weight<1500 grams) depends on multiple factors. Numerous factors have been reported to influence the length of hospital stay (LOS). The objective of this study was to identify the length of hospital stay and associated factors among very low birth weight preterm neonates.
Method:A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted. Data was collected using pretested structured questionnaire from April, 1 to November, 30 2022. The data was entered using Epidata and analyzed using SPSS version 26 and Stata version 15.1. Frequencies, mean, median and inter-quartile range were used to describe the study population in relation to relevant variables. A linear regression model was used to see the effect of independent variables on dependent variables.
Result: About 110 very low birth weight preterm neonates survived to discharge were included in the study. The median birth weight was 1370gram with IQR of 1250-1430. The mean gestational age was 32.30 + 1.79 weeks. The median length of hospital stay was 24 days with IQR of 13.5-40. The gestational age, type of initial management given and presence of complications had significant association with length of hospital stay for VLBW preterm neonates.
Conclusion: The median hospital stay was 24 days. The length of hospital stay was inversely related with length of hospital stay. The gestational age, presence of complication and type of initial management given were associated with LOS for VLBW preterm neonates. Infection and preterm labor prevention should be prevented by applying the respective strategies.
Visualization model for low-level turbulence using temporal rate of change of headwind of an aircraft
Authors: Ito Koji , Ohba Haruka , Mizuno Shinya
Published: November 2023

In this study, we focused on the temporal rate of change of headwind, which is one of the recorded parameters in the aircraft’s in-flight quick access recorder data. We selected the Laplace distribution and utilized the scaling parameter to construct a low-level turbulence visualization model. Using this model, we calculated the risk of low-level turbulence occurrence at five airports in Japan based on the month, time of day, and wind speed. We visualized how the geographical conditions at each airport influenced risk in relation to airport wind speeds. We developed a low-level turbulence visualization site linked to weather conditions using these results to enable pilots to easily verify low-level turbulence risk and incorporate this information into their flight routines. These findings are anticipated to significantly enhance aircraft safety.
Mechanism of alleviating acute lung injury in mice from serum metabolomics analysis of Cordyceps fumosorosea
Authors: Khan Tahir , Zhou Jin-Na , Guo Yingqi , Hou Dong-Hai , Na Pi , Yang Yin-Long , Yu Hong
Published: November 2023

IntroductionMechanism of alleviating acute lung injury in mice from serum metabolomics analysis ofCordyceps fumosoroseaAimsThis study investigated the potential anti-inflammatory effects ofCordyceps fumosoroseamycelia on lung health, with a focus on acute lung injury in mice. The aims was to elucidate the underlying metabolic pathways and provide insights into the therapeutic potential ofC. fumosoroseamycelia under lung-related conditions.MethodsSixty mice were divided into six groups (NS, LPS, MIX, COR, COC, and DMX). Lung cell nuclei were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and cellular changes were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Metabolomics analyses using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have been used to identify various compounds.ResultsIn all six groups, lung nuclear inflammation was observed in the COR, COC, and DMX groups, whereas the NS, LPS, and MIX groups showed no cellular changes, indicating good health. Metabolomic analysis using LC-MS identified 1,607 compounds across various classes. Statistical analyses, including the Coefficient of Variation and OPLS-DA, revealed distinct metabolic profiles, indicating significant changes after the consumption ofC. fumosoroseamycelia. Lipids constituted the largest proportion (30.37%) of the 30 identified classes and subclasses of metabolites. A total of 618 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified, both unique and shared between comparisons.ConclusionsMetabolic pathway analysis revealed differences between mice groups blood serum, which have good potential therapeutic pathways. The identified compounds further support the significant metabolic changes induced byC. fumosoroseamycelial consumption.
Central Nervous System Infections In Recipients of Solid Organ Transplant
Authors: Morado-Aramburo Oscar , Joseph Leeja , Kaur Harmanpreet , Hasbun Rodrigo
Published: November 2023

Background
Central nervous system (CNS) infections are severe and life-threatening complications that can occur in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We describe the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, disease course, and outcome of CNS infections in SOT.
Methods
We analyzed data of patients who underwent transplantation from September 2012 to February 2023, diagnosed and treated for CNS infections at our institution in Houston, TX. Data were retrospectively collected from medical charts.
Results
Of 1,345 patients who received a SOT, 30 (2.23%) were diagnosed with CNS infection, with a median age of 63 years, 60% were male. Time to CNS infection onset after transplant in 53.3% of the cases was after the first year. There were 15/30 (50%) cases of fungal infection, 8/30(26.7%) of viral infection, 7/30 (23.3%) of bacterial infection. There were no unknown causes. The most common etiologies were Cryptococcus neoformans 14/30(46.6%), and nocardiosis 3/30 (10%). On presentation, 22 (73.4%) patients had normal mental status, but 21 (70%) reported headaches, and 18 (60%) were febrile. Abnormal neuroimaging was found in 5 cases (16.6%) on computed tomography (CT)-scans and 10 cases (33.3%) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. An adverse clinical outcome on discharge was noticed in 33%, and 6.7% died. Fever was associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes (OR 11; p=0.018).
Conclusion
The incidence of CNS infections in SOT recipients is low but associated with substantial adverse clinical outcomes. The most common causes are fungal, with no unknown etiologies seen in this study.
Closing the gender gap in the authorship of hematology/oncology-related randomized controlled trials requires inclusive effort from male and female senior researchers
Authors: Kumari Roopa , Khealani Milan , Luhana Sindhu , Parkash Om , Sadarat FNU , Devi Sapna , Kiran FNU , Rahaman Zubair , Wang Hong Yu , Chander Subhash
Published: November 2023

Importance: Severe gender gap in academic research output is pervasive across all medical specialties, including hematology and oncology. Objective: This bibliometric study aimed to investigate the representation of females in premier first and last authorship positions of hematology- and oncology-related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2000–2022. Additionally, we investigated the trend of females in first authorship positions with a male or female senior author. Design: Bibliometric analysis of clinically oriented hematology and oncology RCTs published between 2000 and 2022 across all PubMed-indexed journals. Participants: First and last authors of 5,891 hematology- and oncology-related RCTs. Main Outcomes: Change in the proportion of female first and senior authors and the proportion of RCTs with the same and cross-gender dyads of first and senior authors. Results: 5,891 RCTs were available with identifiable gender of first and senior authors. A total of 49 countries and 62 journals were represented in our study sample. The proportion of females in our study population was 22.9% (n = 1,349) in the first authorship and 17.5% (n = 1,032) in the senior authorship positions and were predominantly affiliated with institutions in high-income countries (94.1%, n = 1,270 and 95.3%, n = 984). We also noted a significant upward trend in the percentage of female authors in the first authorship position (16.3% in 2000 to 32.4% in 2022, p = 0.001) between 2000 and 2022; the trend was stronger with male than female senior authors. However, the odds of the females in the first authorship position with a female senior author were significantly higher only when both authors came from high-income countries [OR = 1.702 (95%CI 1.461–1.984; p < 0.0001]. The proportion of female senior authors remained stable during the study period. Conclusions and Relevance: Despite early trends in closing the gender gap in the authorship of hematology- and oncology-related RCTs, females remain severely underrepresented in premier authorship positions. The increasing proportion of female authors in the first authorship position with a male senior author indicated that a more inclusive effort to train, mentor, and encourage young female physician-scientists with the involvement of senior male and female researchers will likely accelerate the overall increase in female authorship.
Quantitative morphometric analysis and prioritization of sub-watersheds for soil erosion susceptibility: A comparison between fuzzy analytical hierarchy process and compound parameter analysis method
Authors: Dhanush Shantha Kumar , Murthy M. Mahadeva , Sathish A.
Published: November 2023

Identification of critical sub-watersheds susceptible to soil erosion risk is the preliminary step in any watershed management plan. To achieve this goal, the prioritization of sub-watersheds based on morphometric characteristics is of paramount necessity. This study was performed on the Upper Shimsha-1 watershed using DEM to quantify the morphometric parameters in a GIS environment. The stream network was extracted in ArcGIS software, and the watershed was delineated into 16 sub-watersheds (SW1 to SW16). Two approaches, viz., the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and compound parameter analysis methods, were employed in prioritizing sub-watersheds using 18 parameters highly related to soil erodibility. The FAHP score ranged from 0.145 (lowest priority) to 0.794 (highest priority), prioritizing sub-watersheds into ‘high’, ‘medium’ and ‘low’ classes occupying 10.76%, 27.23% and 62.01% of the total area, respectively. The compound parameter values ranged from 6.05 (highest priority) to 10.77 (lowest priority), and the ‘high’, ‘medium’ and ‘low’ classes occupied 31.84%, 16.49% and 51.67% of the total area, respectively. The common sub-watersheds from both methods under the ‘high’ priority class were SW14 and SW15, accounting for 10.76%, and under the ‘low’ priority class, SW1, SW8, SW9, SW11, SW12 and SW16 accounted for 42.66% of the total area. Hence, eight sub-watersheds were common in both prioritization methods corresponding to their respective priority classes. The integration of GIS technology, morphometry and prioritization methods has proven to be indispensable in watershed management and soil conservation efforts through this investigation. It further emphasizes the need for swift attention from decision-makers toward critical sub-watersheds.
Content of a wound care mobile application for newly graduated nurses: An e-Delphi study
Authors: Gagnon Julie , Chartrand Julie , Probst Sebastian , Lalonde Michelle
Published: November 2023

Background Wound care represents a considerable challenge, especially for newly graduated nurses. The development of a mobile application is envisioned to improve knowledge transfer and facilitate evidence-based practice. The aim of this study was to establish expert consensus on the initial content of the algorithm for a wound care mobile application for newly graduated nurses. Methods Experts participated in online surveys conducted in three rounds. Twenty-nine expert wound care nurses participated in the first round, and 25 participated in the two subsequent rounds. The first round, which was qualitative, included a mandatory open-ended question solicitating suggestions for items to be included in the mobile application. The responses underwent content analysis. The subsequent two rounds were quantitative, with experts being asked to rate their level of agreement on a 5-point Likert scale. These rounds were carried out iteratively, allowing experts to review their responses and see anonymized results from the previous round. We calculated the weighted kappa to determine the individual stability of responses within-subjects between the quantitative rounds. A consensus threshold of 80% was predetermined. Results In total, 80 items were divided into 6 themes based on the results of the first round. Of these, 75 (93.75%) achieved consensus during the two subsequent rounds. Notably, 5 items (6.25%) did not reach consensus. The items with the highest consensus related to the signs and symptoms of infection, pressure ulcers, and the essential elements for healing. Conversely, items such as toe pressure measurement, wounds around drains, and frostbite failed to achieve consensus. Conclusions The results of this study will inform the development of the initial content of the algorithm for a wound care mobile application. Expert participation and their insights on infection-related matters have the potential to support evidence-based wound care practice. Ongoing debates surround items without consensus. Finally, this study establishes expert wound care nurses’ perspectives on the competencies anticipated from newly graduated nurses.
Isolation of Glucose Fermenting Nitrogen Fixing Gene (nifH) Containing Endophytic Bacteria from Seed and Roots of Wheat (Triticum aestivation l.)
Authors: Devkota Subash , Puri Ramesh Raj , Yadav Pankaj Kumar , Luitel Himal , Rasaily Santosh , Bhandari Sushil
Published: November 2023

The present study was conducted to study the nifH gene containing endophytic bacterial frequency in wheat seed and roots obtained from the soil of Chitwan and Kaski. One hundred and four isolates were studied for the presence of the nifH gene. There was a diversity in isolate characters obtained from root sample Root (R), direct seed sample (ds), and plant sample (P). None of the isolates from any sources showed indole-producing ability. About 18 isolates (15% of the total) contained the nifH gene through amplification of the gene by universal primers PolF and PolR. About 6 isolates from seed sample ds and 12 isolates from root sample R contained nifH gene. None of the isolates from root sample P manifested the presence of the nifH gene. Among 18 nifH-containing isolates, only 6 isolates manifested presence of cel3 gene of 400 bp, whereas, 11 isolates showed cel3 gene of 200 bp. All nifH gene containing isolates were confirmed to be bacteria by PCR amplification of 16s rRNA gene by universal primer 27F and 1492R and visualization of agarose gel matrix with bp range of approximately 530 under UV ray. Further research scope exists to use these microbes as a bio fertilizer in plant growth promotion studies by inoculation.
Frequency, causes, and predictors of pre-hospital delay in patients with acute myocardial infarction at cardiology centers in Khartoum state, the capital of Sudan: A hospital-based cross sectional study
Authors: Mohamed Raed , Suliman Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Background:
Early treatment of acute myocardial infarction is crucial to reduce mortality in these patients. However, not all patients arrive early enough to receive optimal therapy, especially in developing countries. Many factors can lead to increased pre-hospital delay. This study aimed to detect the frequency of delayed patients out of the total acute myocardial infarction patients, in addition to determining which causes were behind the delay and which factors can be associated with the delay.
Methods:
This study enrolled patients admitted to Al-Shaab Teaching Hospital and the Sudan Heart Center from the beginning of September 2022 to the end of November 2022. The validated questionnaire was completed using an interview method. Patients were classified as delayed (interval of 12 hours or more) and non-delayed (interval of < 12 hours). Causes behind the delay were searched for in delayed patients, and different associations were studied using the chi-square test.
Results:
A total of 224 patients were involved. Of these, 119 (53%) arrived late. Going to a non-reperfusion center was the most commonly observed cause behind the delay (64%). A statistically significant association was found between delay and level of education (p-value 0.03), smoking status (p-value 0.004), and location of residency (p-value 0.04). On the other side, no significant association was found with age, gender, mood of transportation, chronic comorbidities, previous myocardial infarction, and 1st-degree family history of myocardial infarction (all p-values > 0.05).
Conclusions:
More than half of the patients exhibited delayed arrival. This delay was mostly attributed to going to non-reperfusion centers. A strong association was also found between delay, illiteracy, non-smoking, and living outside Khartoum. More efforts must be directed toward educating people about coronary artery diseases, especially acute myocardial infarction, with its different aspects and the advantages of early arrival to the hospital and early management.
Factors associated with severe pneumonia among children <5 years, Kasese District, Uganda: a case-control study, January–April 2023
Authors: Wanyana Mercy Wendy , Migisha Richard , King Patrick , Kibaba Abraham Muhesi , Kwesiga Benon , Kadobera Daniel , Bulage Lilian , Ario Alex Riolexus
Published: November 2023

Background: Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of infant mortality globally, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Uganda, pneumonia was the fourth leading cause of death in children <5 years in 2018. Analysis of 2013–2022 data for children <5 years from the District Health Information System indicated a high incidence of severe pneumonia in Kasese District, Uganda. We investigated to identify factors associated with severe pneumonia among children <5 years in Kasese District to inform prevention and control strategies.
Methods:We conducted a 1:1 hospital-based case-control study among children aged 2-59 months presenting with pneumonia at five high-volume facilities in Kasese District from January to April 2023. A case was defined as pneumonia with ≥1 of the following danger signs: low oxygen saturation, central cyanosis, severe respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, altered consciousness, and convulsions. Controls were outpatient children aged 2-59 months with a diagnosis of non-severe pneumonia. We reviewed medical records at facilities and used an interviewer-administered questionnaire with caregivers to obtain information on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with severe pneumonia.
Results: We enrolled199 cases and 174 controls. The odds of severe pneumonia were higher among children with diarrhoea only (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.9, 95%CI: 1.7-4.9), or malaria and diarrhoea (aOR=3.4, 95%CI: 2.0-5.9), than those without a co-existing illness at the time of pneumonia diagnosis. Not being exclusively breastfed for ≥6 months (aOR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.1-3.3) and exposure to indoor air pollution from cooking combustion sources (aOR=2.9, 95%CI: 1.8-4.7) increased odds of severe pneumonia.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the significance of comorbidities, lack of exclusive breastfeeding, and exposure to indoor air pollution in the development of severe pneumonia. Promoting exclusive breastfeeding for ≥6 months and advocating for the use of clean energy sources, could mitigate morbidity and mortality attributable to severe pneumonia in the region.
Performance of a Compost Aeration and Heat Recovery System at a Commercial Composting Facility
Authors: Bondeson Finn A. , Faulkner Joshua W. , Roy Eric D.
Published: November 2023

Composting of agricultural and forestry residuals can support regional nutrient management and environmental goals but faces various operational challenges. This case study evaluated nutrient status and financial and energy cost for a pair of commercial compost windrows with and without forced aeration at full scale in a normal production setting. Compost treated with a forced aeration and heat capture system was deemed suitable for market in approximately 25% less time than a conventional, straddle-turned windrow. Analysis of nitrogen (N) dynamics throughout the study suggested that forced aeration promoted N retention. From a mass balance analysis, force-aerated compost retained ~23% more of its initial total N (TN) by mass as compared to conventionally treated compost, which we hypothesize was due to greater rates of N losses to the atmosphere in conventional treatment. Consistently lower water-extractable phosphorus (WEP) suggested a lower risk for phosphorus (P) loss through leaching from force-aerated composting. During the active composting process, operation of force-aerated composting was 2.1 times more expensive and 5.5 times more energy-intensive than a conventional compost per m3. However, the energy and infrastructure cost offsets provided by the aeration and heat capture system as operated by this commercial compost facility could provide a net savings of $1.51 per m3 finished compost when analyzed over the lifetime of the system’s construction, operation, and use. This case study illustrates that forced aeration and heat capture systems have potential to provide time and energy savings benefits to compost producers, while maintaining or enhancing nutrient retention and compost quality.
CONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONALLY IMPORTANT COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR FUTURE SPECIALISTS
Authors:   Senior Teacher of the English Language Sector Center for Teaching Uzbek and Foreign Languages Tashkent State University of Economics Islam Karimov Street 49 100066 Tashkent, Uzbekistan., Umidahon Agzamovna Tursunova
Published: November 2023

Effective communication skills are indispensable for future specialists in various fields. This research investigates the pivotal conditions that influence the development of professionally important communication skills among individuals aspiring to excel in specialized professions. In an era characterized by rapid technological advancements and evolving communication platforms, the ability to convey information, collaborate, and persuade is more critical than ever. This study delves into the multifaceted aspects shaping the acquisition and refinement of these skills. The literature review provides a comprehensive examination of theoretical foundations related to communication skills, emphasizing their significance in professional contexts. Drawing from a range of disciplines, it explores the factors affecting the development of these skills and offers insights into previous research on the topic. Methodologically, this research employs a mixed-method approach, combining surveys, interviews, and observations to capture a holistic view of the conditions under investigation. Data analysis techniques such as content analysis and thematic coding are employed to extract meaningful patterns and themes. The empirical findings presented in this study shed light on the conditions fostering communication skill development, including the role of educational environments, experiential learning opportunities, technological tools, and individual characteristics. Case studies from diverse specialized fields illustrate the practical implications of these findings. In conclusion, this research underscores the imperative nature of communication skills for future specialists and highlights the conditions that facilitate their growth. The implications extend to educational institutions, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to enhance the communication capabilities of aspiring professionals. Ultimately, this study contributes valuable insights into the development of communication skills crucial for success in specialized fields.
METHODS OF MASS MEDIA TERMINOLOGY CREATION FROM ENGLISH TO ARABIC
Authors:   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Al-Hadi Ab Hadi Amin , Hamdan Iqbal ,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Zailani Suhaila ,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Published: November 2023

This study discusses creation methods used by terminologists to translate mass media terminology from English to Arabic. In this era of globalisation, various forms of mass media such as the print media, radio, television, film, broadcasting and the internet have already become integrated with society all over the world, including in the Arab world. Thus, the appropriate translation of media terminologies which originate from foreign languages, especially English, is important to ensure that Arabic media remains relevant in the mainstream, in addition to guaranteeing the sustainability and dynamism of the Arabic language itself as the main language of communication in the modern world. However, the linguistic discrepancies between English and Arabic pose a unique challenge to terminologists to produce accurate translations of the terminologies. A total of 40 media terms were selected from entry B of the Mustalahat Ilamiyyah dictionaryas data for this study. Then, the Malay equivalent of each terminology is identified by referring to the official website of Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu developed by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Next, the list of Arabic terminologies is classified according to the method of Arabic terminology formation and analysed descriptively based on the views of al-Qasimi (2019). This study found that ishtiqaq (derivation) is the most frequently used terminology creation method, followed by tarkib (phrase), prefix and suffix, and tarib (arabization). This study will benefit students and researchers in the field of Arabic linguistics as well as Arab media companies by providing clarification on the methods commonly used by Arab terminologists in constructing technical terms in Arabic, especially in the field of mass media.