bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting p21‐Positive Senescent Chondrocytes via IL‐6R/JAK2 Inhibition to Alleviate Osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Lin Jieming , Liu Feng , Zhang Yu , Shi Bo , Ma Chunhui , Wang Ziqi , Xue Song , Xu Qingrong , Shao Hongda , Yang Jingxing , Gao Yanzheng
Published: January 2025

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age‐related degenerative joint disease, prominently influenced by the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). Although elevated IL‐6 levels in joint fluid are well‐documented, the uneven cartilage degeneration observed in knee OA patients suggests additional underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the role of interleukin‐6 receptor (IL‐6R) in mediating IL‐6 signaling and its contribution to OA progression. Here, significantly elevated IL‐6R expression is identified in degenerated cartilage of OA patients. Further, in vivo experiments reveal that intra‐articular injection of recombinant IL‐6R protein or activation of gp130 (Y757F mutation) accelerates OA progression. Conversely, knockout of IL‐6R or JAK2, as well as treatment with a JAK inhibitor, alleviates OA symptoms. Mechanistically, chondrocytes derived from degenerative cartilage exhibit impaired nuclear localization of SOX9, a key regulator of cartilage homeostasis. JAK inhibition stabilizes SIRT1, reduces SOX9 acetylation, and thereby facilitates SOX9 nuclear localization, promoting cartilage repair. Additionally, the JAK inhibitor‐induced apoptosis in p21‐positive senescent cells, and their targeted clearance successfully alleviates OA in p21‐3MR mice. In conclusion, these findings reveal a novel mechanism by which inhibiting the IL‐6R/JAK2 pathway can alleviate OA. Furthermore, this study proposes targeting p21‐positive senescent cells as a new therapeutic strategy for OA.
Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy of Dental Caries by Oral Microbiome‐Selective Aggregation‐Induced Photosensitivity
Authors: Zhang Yandi , Wang Wenjun , Yang Xiaoru , An Xuanmeng , Liu Xiaoyi , Zhao Weiwei , Zhu Lina , Wang Ting , Wang Ying , Chen Yi , Feng Junkun , Shao Jinlong , Zhou Xuedong , Tang Ben Zhong , Ge Shaohua , Li Jianhua
Published: January 2025

Dental caries represents one of the most widespread oral bacterial infections, affecting billions of individuals worldwide and presenting significant public health challenges. Effective diagnosis and treatment are hindered by the limitations of traditional clinical treatment methodologies, which often involve laborious examinations and invasive procedures. In this study, we employ an aggregation‐induced emission probe, MeOTpy, for instant molecular detection and photodynamic treatment of dental caries. MeOTpy interacts specifically with cariogenic bacteria, exhibiting bright fluorescence upon binding to bacteria and generating reactive oxygen species under white light irradiation. This aggregation‐induced photosensitivity enables rapid assessment of carious disease through fluorescent detection in dental plaque samples, facilitating easy identification of lesion sites in decayed teeth treated with MeOTpy. Furthermore, photodynamic inhibition of cariogenic biofilms is achieved by culturing ex vivo biofilms isolated from children with severe early childhood caries. MeOTpy also effectively prevents dental caries while preserving oral microbial diversity in a cariogenic infection model on rat pups. This study presents an integrated strategy for the precise diagnosis and treatment of dental caries at the point of care.
Hearing and cognitive scores measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale in The HUNT Study, Norway
Authors: Myrstad Christian , Engdahl Bo Lars , Costafreda Sergi Gonzalez , Krokstad Steinar , Livingston Gill , Selbæk Geir
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Hearing impairment is associated with dementia. We aimed to clarify the association between hearing impairment and future cognitive test performance measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), adjusted for confounders, avoiding reverse causation through long follow‐up.

METHODS

We used the Norwegian population‐based longitudinal cohort study, The Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). At baseline, we invited all residents 20+ for an audiometric hearing assessment, and at 20+ years follow‐up, we cognitively assessed all persons 70+ including MoCA adjusted for hearing impairment. We analyzed the association using linear regression.

RESULTS

We included 6879 persons (mean 56.1 years, standard deviation 6.2). At follow‐up, the MoCA score was −0.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.35, −0.14), per 10 dB increase in hearing threshold and for persons < 85 years, −0.31 (95% CI −0.42, −0.20).

DISCUSSION

This study finds a long‐term association between hearing impairment and dose related reduced cognitive performance, particularly in those aged < 85.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

ID NCT04284384, hearing impairment as a risk factor for dementia in older adults.

Highlights

Hearing loss predicts long‐term cognitive decline measured by MoCA over 20+ years.

Long follow‐up is crucial to avoid reverse causation in the hearing‐cognition relationship.

A 10 dB hearing threshold increase is linked to a 0.25‐point reduction in MoCA score.

Strongest cognitive decline associations are seen in people aged below 85 years.

The association remained after excluding hearing‐dependent tasks in the MoCA.
Animal models of cisplatin‐induced neuropathic pain
Authors: Li Ningxin , Li Mingzhu , Jin Shengbo , Yu Jun , Wei Hongzhe , Wang Wenping , Ma Siyao , Jiang Yuxin , Liu Qian , Yao Huini
Published: January 2025

Cisplatin chemotherapy has been used as the main treatment for different types of cancer. However, cisplatin chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathic pain (CIPNP) seriously affects the treatment process and quality of life of patients. In addition, it impacts the underlying mechanism and prevention and treatment strategies, indicating that drug selection and efficacy evaluation need to be further investigated. Furthermore, an animal model that is more consistent with the pathological mechanism needs to be developed. In this study, we describe and discuss the methods of developing and detecting CIPNP models in rats and mice induced by cisplatin chemotherapy. The aim was to improve the modeling rate and develop animal models that are more consistent with the developmental pattern of the disease. In addition, the study provides ideal reference animal models for clinical research and drug discovery and development.
Dynamic, Single‐cell Monitoring of RNA Modifications Response to Viral Infection Using a Genetically Encoded Live‐cell RNA Methylation Sensor
Authors: Zhang Ting , Yang Hao , Yu Quanwei , Zhang Yong , Zhang Yue , Zhu Xianglin , Xia Xuhan , Li Feng , Deng Ruijie
Published: January 2025

RNA modifications, such as N6‐methylation of adenosine (m6A), serve as key regulators of cellular behaviors, and are highly dynamic; however, tools for dynamic monitoring of RNA modifications in live cells are lacking. Here, we develop a genetically encoded live‐cell RNA methylation sensor that can dynamically monitor RNA m6A level at single‐cell resolution. The sensor senses RNA m6A in cells via affinity‐induced cytoplasmic retention using a nuclear location sequence‐fused m6A reader. It allows for simultaneously measure RNA m6A dynamics and viral invasion at single‐cell level. Based on the single‐cell analytical tool, we found that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection enhances host‐cell RNA m6A level, and high‐level RNA m6A modification in host cells, in turn, facilitates viral infection. Particularly, Omicron, a variant of SARS‐CoV‐2, that features as high infection capacity, however, exhibits a reduced facilitation of m6A modification in host cells. In addition, the sensor can estimate viral inhibition via measuring cellular m6A level, that was explored for screening potential antiviral drugs. The methylation sensor can serve for elucidating the interplay between pathogens and host‐cell epigenetics at single‐cell level.
W‐Mediated Electron Accumulation in Ru−O−W Motifs Enables Ultra‐Stable Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acid
Authors: Zhou Kai , Liu Heng , Liu Zhongliang , Li Xiaoning , Wang Nana , Wang Mingyue , Xue Tianrui , Shen Yongjun , Li Hao , Li Huihui , Li Chunzhong
Published: January 2025

The development of efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts is crucial for advancing proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) technology, especially in the pursuit of non‐iridium alternatives. Herein, we report a Zn, W co‐doped Ru3Zn0.85W0.15Ox (RZW) ternary oxide catalyst that exhibits a low overpotential of 200 mV and remarkable stability for over 4000 hours at 10 mA cm−2 in 0.1 M HClO4. The incorporation of highly electronegative W facilitates the efficient capture of electrons released from the sacrificial Zn species during OER, and subsequently mediated to Ru sites. The observed enhancement in electron density within the stable Ru−O−W motifs substantially improves the anti‐overoxidation properties of the Ru active sites. Our findings highlight the importance of strategic metal doping in modulating the electronic structure of OER catalysts during operation, thereby facilitating the development of practical and long‐lasting water electrolysis technologies.
Unlocking HFIP for Fluoroalkylation with Molecular Photoelectrocatalysis
Authors: Zheng Yi‐Xian , Gao Yuxing , Xiong Peng , Xu Hai‐Chao
Published: January 2025

Despite the increasing interest in radical‐based fluoroalkylation techniques, the organofluorine compounds bearing the partially fluorinated hexafluoroisopropyl group remain extremely scarce due to the lack of appropriate reagents. Herein we report an unprecedented photoelectrocatalytic method for the C−H hexafluoroisopropylation of indoles and tryptophan peptides, utilizing the readily available hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) as the fluoroalkylation reagent. In this process, HFIP is converted into hexafluoroisopropyl radicals, enabling fluoroalkylation reactions. This study broadens the potential applications of molecular photoelectrocatalysis, highlighting its capacity to enable transformations that are difficult to accomplish through traditional electrochemical or photochemical approaches.
Forward‐ and Retro‐Vapofluorochromism of Sponge‐Like Macrocycle Crystals
Authors: Huang Jingwei , Feng Haohui , Zhang Linnan , Jie Kecheng
Published: January 2025

Achieving dynamic multicolor emission through solid‐state molecular motion is of significant importance for advancing applications in organic solid‐state luminescent materials. Herein, we report macrocycle crystals with unique forward‐ and retro‐vapofluorochromic behavior, which is realized by reversible amine vapor uptake and amine‐“squeeze” induced guest release. The forward‐vapofluorochromism occurs when aliphatic amines penetrate guest‐free macrocycle crystals to form host‐guest complex crystals. These fluorescent properties can be reversibly toggled by exposing the amine‐loaded crystals to another amine vapor through competitive guest replacement inside the crystals. Notably, retro‐vapofluorochromism is achieved by exposing amine‐loaded crystals to α‐methylbenzylamine (MBA). Mechanistic studies show that MBA molecules do not penetrate the crystals, but rather “squeeze” the crystals to release loaded amines, driving the amine‐loaded crystals back to the guest‐free phase. The demonstrated forward‐ and retro‐vapofluorochromism has already been successfully integrated into a highly secure five‐layer information encryption system.
Nano‐Silica‐Particles Filling Effect on Mechanical Properties of Silicone‐Rubber Composites
Authors: Adachi Tadaharu , Kobayashi Kaori , Noda Ayaka , Ishikawa Kensuke
Published: January 2025

The mechanical properties of silicone‐rubber composites filled with nano‐ or micro‐silica‐particles are discussed experimentally and theoretically. The matrix rubbers cured under various ratios of the main component to the curing agent are prepared to change the crosslinking density of the matrix rubber. Because the interphase layer made of the matrix rubber in the glassy state is formed around the nano‐particle, the nano‐particle behaves as an apparent single particle together with the interphase layer and the interphase layers apparently increase the nano‐particle volume fraction. The Young's moduli of the nano‐ and micro‐composites with a larger (apparent) particle volume fraction are greater than that of the matrix rubber. However, the proportional limit strains are smaller, although the fracture strains are slightly smaller. The Young's modulus and proportional limit strain can be analyzed theoretically with the (apparent) volume fraction. The fracture toughness of the composites increases as the (apparent) volume fraction increases, but it increases little at the (apparent) volume fraction above 0.2. However, the fracture toughness monotonically increases for the nano‐composites with low crosslinking density of the matrix rubber. Finally, the mechanical properties can be designed by using the matrix rubber with the different crosslinking density and the interphase layer.
Understanding the Cost of Basic Drinking Water Services in the United States: A National Assessment
Authors: Hughes Sara , Kirchhoff Christine J. , Lee Michelle , Switzer David
Published: January 2025

The cost of basic drinking water services has implications for affordability, investment capacity, and public health. The fragmentation of drinking water services in the United States makes it difficult to reliably track and compare what customers pay for basic drinking water services. This paper uses a new, national dataset to examine the social, political, environmental, and institutional drivers of the cost of basic drinking water services, measured as the cost to households of 6000 gal of water per month. We find basic drinking water service costs vary widely across the United States. Costs are generally higher in smaller and more liberal cities and lower in places that rely on groundwater sources. Our findings provide a unique national perspective on variation in, and drivers of, the cost of basic water services and can inform efforts to improve the affordability, accessibility, and quality of drinking water services in the United States.
Workforce Challenges and Opportunities in West Virginia's Water Sector
Authors: Garner Emily , Bridges Eva , Cunningham Kara , Anderson Christopher , Vasam Vinila
Published: January 2025

Key Takeaways

Action is urgently needed to address the aging water workforce in West Virginia, with more than half of the sector's workers in the state nearing retirement.

Employee recruitment is a challenge, with most operators midway to late in their career, a lack of diverse backgrounds in the industry, and barriers such as pay and certification.

Employee retention issues exist because many operators feel underpaid and underappreciated, with limited opportunities for advancement.
Understanding the Build America, Buy America Act
Authors: Stroebl T.J.
Published: January 2025

Key Takeaways

The Build America, Buy America Act, or BABA, brought new domestic procurement requirements to US drinking water and wastewater systems that receive federal funding for infrastructure projects.

To implement financial assistance programs and develop compliance guidelines, federal agencies take their cue from the US Office of Management and Budget's (OMB's) BABA interpretation and guidance.

All stakeholders, including those in the water sector, will find compliance with BABA a smoother process if they take advantage of the guidance that is available from OMB and federal agencies.
Unraveling the Degradation Mechanism of LiNbO3‐Coated NCM Cathode at High Potential in All‐Solid‐State Batteries Using 10 K Extended X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure Analysis
Authors: Park Yong Jun , Su Yixiao , Yamamoto Kentaro , Watanabe Toshiki , Thakur Neha , Kumar Mukesh , Matsunaga Toshiyuki , Uchimoto Yoshiharu
Published: January 2025

All solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) utilizing sulfide‐based solid electrolytes hold promise for enhancing battery energy density while mitigating safety concerns, thus meeting the stringent requirements for electric vehicle applications. For the practical application of ASSBs, it is important to stabilize the interface between the solid electrolyte and the cathode. Although cathode coated with a thin layer of LiNbO3 provide higher interface stability, which significantly improves charge‐discharge and cycle performance, degradation at high potentials has also been noted. In this study, we focused on the degradation mechanism of LiNbO3‐coated LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode active materials at high potentials by using three electrode system for ASSBs, which allows separating the impedance measurement of the interface between cathode and solid electrolyte. We performed X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements at low temperature (10 K) to analyze the local structure around Nb and correlate these findings with impedance measurements. Our results indicate that the impedance of LiNbO3 increased rapidly due to the oxygen desorption reaction at high potentials. This study aims to elucidate the dynamic changes and degradation mechanism of LiNbO3‐coated LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 in ASSBs and provide new ideas for the design of interfacial coating materials.
Bioactive Polysaccharides From Cremastra Appendiculata Attenuate Lipid Accumulation In Vitro Model of Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Yin Yuan , Guo Haiyang , Chen Jiang , Yang Yang , Li Xiaojun , Zhang Xue
Published: January 2025

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic disease with a rapidly growing incidence worldwide, presenting as an ever‐increasing burden to the healthcare system. In this study, we explored that Cremastra appendiculata, a valuable traditional medicine in China, could alleviate lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. C. appendiculata polysaccharide (CAP) was extracted from the pseudobulbs of C. appendiculata and oligosaccharide (oligoCAP) was obtained by enzymatical digestion of the CAP with endo‐β‐mannanase. Molecular weight of CAP and oligoCAP was determined to be 46 415 and 933 Da. Oleic acid (OA) induced steatosis in HepG2 cells was adopted as an in vitro NAFLD model. CAP and oligoCAP could reduce the OA‐induced lipid accumulation and significantly reduce the total cholesterol and triglyceride content in the HepG2 cells. CAP and oligoCAP possessed lipid‐lowering and anti‐inflammatory activities especially by enhancing lipolysis and suppressing lipid synthesis shown by quantitative polymerase chain reaction results. Transcriptome analysis showed that CAP and oligoCAP mainly played anti‐NAFLD roles in the pathways of lipid metabolism and necroptosis. Moreover, in vivo biodistribution results showed that both CAP and oligoCAP were mostly distributed in the small intestine and stomach tissues 24 h after administration, which may be related to the structural and molecular weight characterization of the polysaccharides.
Structural Insights into Broad‐Range Polyphosphate Kinase 2‐II Enzymes Applicable for Pyrimidine Nucleoside Diphosphate Synthesis
Authors: Kuge Marco , Keppler Michael , Friedrich Florian , Saleem‐Batcha Raspudin , Winter Juliana , Prucker Isabel , Germer Philipp , Gerhardt Stefan , Einsle Oliver , Jung Manfred , Jessen Henning J. , Andexer Jennifer N.
Published: January 2025

Polyphosphate kinases (PPK) play crucial roles in various biological processes, including energy storage and stress responses, through their interaction with inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) and the intracellular nucleotide pool. Members of the PPK family 2 (PPK2s) catalyse polyP–consuming phosphorylation of nucleotides. In this study, we characterised two PPK2 enzymes from Bacillus cereus (BcPPK2) and Lysinibacillus fusiformis (LfPPK2) to investigate their substrate specificity and potential for selective nucleotide synthesis. Both enzymes exhibited a broad substrate scope, selectively converting over 85 % of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphates (NMPs) to nucleoside diphosphates (NDPs), while nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) formation was observed only with purine NMPs. Preparative enzymatic synthesis of cytidine diphosphate (CDP) was applied to achieve an yield of 49 %. Finally, structural analysis of five crystal structures of BcPPK2 and LfPPK2 provided insights into their active sites and substrate interactions. This study highlights PPK2‐II enzymes as promising biocatalysts for the efficient and selective synthesis of pyrimidine NDPs.
Recent Advances in Biocatalytic and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Oligonucleotides
Authors: Bizat Pierre Nicolas , Sabat Nazarii , Hollenstein Marcel
Published: January 2025

Access to synthetic oligonucleotides is crucial for applications in diagnostics, therapeutics, synthetic biology, and nanotechnology. Traditional solid phase synthesis is limited by sequence length and complexities, low yields, high costs and poor sustainability. Similarly, polymerase‐based approaches such as in vitro transcription and primer extension reactions do not permit any control on the positioning of modifications and display poor substrate tolerance. In response, biocatalytic and chemoenzymatic strategies have emerged as promising alternatives, offering selective and efficient pathways for oligonucleotide synthesis. These methods leverage the precision and efficiency of enzymes to construct oligonucleotides with high fidelity. Recent advancements have focused on optimized systems and/or engineered enzymes enabling the incorporation of chemically modified nucleotides. Biocatalytic approaches, particularly those using DNA/RNA polymerases provide advantages in milder reaction conditions and enhanced sustainability. Chemoenzymatic methods, combining chemical synthesis and enzymes, have proven to be effective in overcoming limitations of traditional solid phase synthesis. This review summarizes recent developments in biocatalytic and chemoenzymatic strategies to construct oligonucleotides, highlighting innovations in enzyme engineering, substrate and reaction condition optimization for various applications. We address crucial details of the methods, their advantages, and limitations as well as important insights for future research directions in oligonucleotide production.
Deciphering and Countering Formic Acid Permeability in Zero‐Gap Electrolyzers
Authors: Tabot Ojong , Pellumbi Kevinjeorjios , Hoof Lucas , Siegmund Daniel , junge Puring Kai , Apfel Ulf‐Peter
Published: January 2025

In recent years, formic acid (FA) has garnered attention as a compelling molecule for various chemical and everyday applications. Additionally, with recent studies demonstrating direct FA generation through CO2 electrolysis, it can serve as a stable liquid hydrogen carrier. Nevertheless, FA‐permeability via semi‐permeable ion–exchange membranes (FA‐crossover) still constitutes a major issue in scalable polymer‐electrolyte separated zero‐gap electrolyzers, limiting the breakthrough of the technology to the larger‐scale. Herein we present a holistic route towards understanding the mechanism of FA‐crossover in zero‐gap electrolyzers. The gained know‐how through formic acid solution uptake, gel‐phase conductivity, and membrane permeability measurements allowed for the development of an easy‐to‐scale barrier layer, showing a FA‐flux (JFA) decrease by 46 % at 200 mA cm−2 compared to bare Nafion‐membranes.
Selenium Nucleophilicity and Electrophilicity in the Intra‐ and Intermolecular SN2 Reactions of Selenenyl Sulfide Probes
Authors: Madabeni Andrea , Zeisel Lukas , Thorn‐Seshold Oliver , Orian Laura
Published: January 2025

Chalcogenide exchange reactions are an important class of bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions (SN2) involving sulfur and selenium species as nucleophile, central atom, and/or leaving group, which are fundamental throughout redox biology and metabolism. While thiol‐disulfide exchange reactions have been deeply investigated, those involving selenium are less understood, especially with regards to the polarised selenenyl sulfides RSe–SR’. This functional group, which is fundamental in the biochemistry of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase enzymes, was recently incorporated in the molecular scaffold of a TrxR1 specific probe, “RX1”. Here, we investigate the SN2@S and SN2@Se reactions of selenenyl sulfides in silico to provide the first comprehensive overview of their kinetic and thermodynamic trends, referencing against symmetrical disulfides and diselenides. Then, the role of SN2@S and SN2@Se reactions in RX1 chemistry is explored, and a mechanistic picture of its biological chemistry is provided. Additionally, we quantify the role of alternative exchange reactions in the double‐exchange chemistry of RX1. This analysis rationalises the origins of RX1’s TrxR‐specificity even within thiol‐rich cellular environments and can support the design and applications of a range of selenenyl sulfide‐based bioactive probes. Particularly, we observe that the intramolecular SN2@Se reaction which restores RX1 ground state is an effective protective mechanism against unspecific activation by thiols, explaining its capacity to work in high‐thiol concentration.
Benzo‐Fused Phosphepines: Synthesis by Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation and Ring Inversion
Authors: Tsurusaki Akihiro , Kishimoto Marii , Komura Akihiro , Ura Rikako , Kamikawa Ken
Published: January 2025

Gold(I)‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of dialkynyl(biaryl)phosphine oxides provided versatile benzo‐fused phosphepine oxides. O‐exo adducts were obtained as the major product, and O‐endo adducts were the minor product. O‐exo and O‐endo indicate the position of an oxygen atom with respect to the central phosphepine framework. The isomers of dibenzo[b,d]phosphepine oxides with methyl and phenyl groups in an adjacent position (shown as 2 a and 3 a in the main text) were determined by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. O‐exo and O‐endo adducts are diastereomers owing to the central chirality of the phosphorus atom and the planar chirality of phosphepine, and they are interconverted through a ring inversion of phosphepine via a transition state with a planar structure. The inversion barrier, fully estimated through theoretical calculations, drastically varied depending on the substituents in the phosphepine framework and/or the fusion of benzene and thiophene rings. Furthermore, the kinetics of the thermal isomerization of less stable O‐endo product 3 a into O‐exo product 2 a was examined.
Addressing Data Point Homogeneity and Annotation Challenges to Enhance Data‐Driven Approaches: The S. aureus NorA Efflux Pump Case Study
Authors: Astolfi Andrea , Cernicchi Giada , Primavera Erika , Rocchi Marco , Manfroni Giuseppe , Sabatini Stefano , Letizia Barreca Maria
Published: January 2025

In this study, we analyzed publicly accessible data related to the Staphylococcus aureus NorA protein, a well‐known efflux pump involved in antimicrobial resistance. Our analysis revealed several inconsistencies in data annotation, and significant issues concerning the homogeneity across datasets, which compromise the reliability of data‐driven approaches aimed at identifying novel Staphylococcus aureus NorA efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). To address these challenges, we propose a standardized pipeline for experimental procedures and data annotation, designed to enhance the consistency and quality of EPI datasets submitted to repositories, thereby increasing the utility of publicly available datasets for the discovery of potential EPIs. By implementing this framework, the findings reported herein aim to foster more reliable and reproducible research outcomes in drug discovery projects targeting NorA or other efflux pumps.
Pelvic Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer Patients With Synchronous Potentially Treatable Liver Metastases
Authors: Huang Yayu , Chen Genwen , Zhang Xian , Qian Yang , Wang Jian
Published: January 2025

Background

The optimal management strategy for Stage IV rectal cancer with potentially treatable liver metastases remains controversial, particularly regarding the role of pelvic radiotherapy (RT).

Aims

We intend to investigate the impact of pelvic RT on oncological outcomes of rectal cancer with potentially treatable liver metastasis.

Methods and Results

This retrospective study included 83 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases from June 2012 to January 2022. All patients underwent radical surgery for rectal cancer and treatment of synchronous liver metastases, as determined by a multidisciplinary team (MDT). We divided the 83 patients into two treatment groups: chemoradiotherapy and surgery (CRT + S) and chemotherapy and surgery (C + S). The CRT + S group (n = 40) received pelvic RT, systemic therapy, and liver metastasis treatment. The C + S group (n = 43) received systemic therapy and liver metastasis treatment only. A total of 83 patients were analyzed with a median follow‐up of 45 months (range 12–127 months). In the CRT + S group, 48.2% (40/83) of patients underwent chemoradiotherapy, while the C + S group comprised 51.8% (43/83) of patients who received chemotherapy only. The CRT + S group demonstrated significantly longer local recurrence‐free survival compared to the C + S group (median 37.5 vs. 34 months; p = 0.011). In addition, patients in the CRT + S group had a longer median overall survival (OS) compared to the C + S group (46.50 vs. 44.0 months; p = 0.0497). Notably, achieving no evidence of disease (NED) status after definitive treatment for both primary and liver metastases was associated with improved OS (p = 0.008).

Conclusion

This study suggests that the addition of pelvic RT to multimodality therapy for patients with rectal cancer and potentially treatable liver metastases may improve local control and long‐term survival. The findings support the consideration of RT in the clinical management of this patient population.
Confined Growth by Self‐Combustion of a Cu‐Based Nanophase into Mesostructured Acid Supports for DME Production from CO2
Authors: Secci Fausto , Mameli Valentina , Sanna Angotzi Marco , Atzori Luciano , Piroddi Lorenza , Pinna Nicola , Mureddu Mauro , Cannas Carla
Published: January 2025

This work deals with the design of nanocomposite hydrogenation‐dehydration bifunctional catalysts for the one‐pot conversion of CO2 to dimethyl ether (DME), focusing on obtaining a high and homogeneous dispersion of a Cu‐based CO2 hydrogenation phase into the pores of mesostructured supports. Particularly, three aluminosilicate mesostructured acid catalysts with catalytic activity towards methanol dehydration and featuring different porous structures (Al‐MCM‐41, Al‐SBA‐15, Al‐SBA‐16) were synthesized and used as supports to host a CuO/ZnO/ZrO2 (CZZ) CO2 hydrogenation catalyst for methanol synthesis. The use of a mesostructured support allows to maximize the exposed surface of the CO2 reduction function by nanostructuring it through its confinement within the mesochannels, thus obtaining nanocomposite bifunctional catalysts with an ultra‐small hydrogenation nanophase. The nanocomposites were obtained using an impregnation strategy combined with a self‐combustion reaction, allowing to incorporate the CO2 reduction phase inside the mesopores. In all cases, the characterization shows that the hydrogenation phase species are highly and homogeneously dispersed into the supports as either small nanoparticles or as a nanolayer. The as‐obtained nanocomposites were tested for their catalytic activity and the results discussed taking into account the structural, textural, and acidic properties of the supports and nanocomposites.
Association of Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy with Health Outcomes in Mothers and Children: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Hyesung , Yoon Dongwon , Kim Ju Hwan , Noh Yunha , Joo Eun‐Jeong , Han Jung Yeol , Choe Young June , Shin Ju‐Young
Published: January 2025

Immunization rates of maternal influenza vaccination during pregnancy remain suboptimal, with concerns about potential harm to the mothers and their offspring. We conducted a population‐based cohort study, using mother–child linked database in Korea: (a) maternal cohort between December 2019, and March 2022; (b) neonatal cohort between September 2020, and June 2021. Exposure was defined as influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Study outcomes included gestational outcomes, vaccine‐related adverse events, and other health outcomes in mothers and childbirth and immune‐related health outcomes in children. After 1‐to‐1 propensity score matching using diverse potential confounders, effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using the log‐binomial model for cumulative outcomes and the Cox proportional model for time‐to‐event outcomes. After 1‐to‐1 propensity score matching, we identified 174,008 and 53,344 pairs for the maternal and neonatal cohorts, respectively. In the maternal cohort, influenza vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with preeclampsia, antenatal bleeding, and various adverse outcomes, including neurological, vascular, blood, and lymphatic system disorders, except for marginally elevated risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (effect estimate 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.08) and postpartum hemorrhage (1.05, 1.01 to 1.08). In the neonatal cohort, maternal influenza vaccination did not increase risks of childbirth (e.g., preterm/low birth weight, congenital malformations, mortality) and immune‐related outcomes, except for a slightly increased risk of lower respiratory tract infection (1.06, 1.007 to 1.12). In this population‐based cohort study, influenza vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of a range of adverse outcomes in mothers and their offspring.
Recent Trends in Bioinspired Photocatalysis and Photoenzymatic Catalysis for CO2 Reduction to Formic Acid
Authors: Xing Fangshu , Bai Jingwen , Zhang Minghui , Mao Yuyin , Liu Jian
Published: January 2025

The conversion of CO2 into fuels and chemical feedstocks represents a sustainable pathway to develop carbon‐neutral economy. Typically, among the accessible C1 commodities, formic acid has been a critical liquid product of CO2 reduction as an essential chemical intermediate or hydrogen storage medium. However, the activity and selectivity regulation of CO2‐to‐HCOOH are still far from the scale implementation requirement due to both thermodynamic and kinetic challenges. Billions of years of evolution have allowed natural CO2 reductases to achieve CO2 selective utilization by their unique active sites surrounded by elaborate protein scaffolds, confined pockets for reaction intermediates, long‐range electron and proton delivery chains, and hydrophobic CO2 transfer channels. Consequently, learning from formate dehydrogenase (FDH) may inspire novel design in artificial photosynthesis, including the reactive center, multilevel coordination microenvironments, substrate channel, and synergistic effect. Herein, recent works about biomimetic photocatalysis and photoenzymatic catalysis of CO2 valorization to HCOOH are summarized, which is hoped to lift the application of bioinspiration in highly selective CO2 reduction systems.
Concentrated Solar‐Driven Catalytic CO2 Reduction: From Fundamental Research to Practical Applications
Authors: Ren Yuqi , Lan Shengnan , Zhu Yuan‐Hao , Peng Ruoxuan , He Hongbin , Si Yitao , Huang Kai , Li Naixu
Published: January 2025

Concentrated solar‐driven CO2 reduction is a breakthrough approach to combat climate crisis. Harnessing the in‐situ coupling of high photon flux density and high thermal energy flow initiates multiple energy conversion pathways, such as photothermal, photoelectric, and thermoelectric processes, thereby enhancing the efficient activation of CO2. This review systematically presents the fundamental principles of concentrated solar systems, the design and classification of solar‐concentrating devices, and industrial application case studies. Meanwhile, key technological advances–from theoretical foundations to practical applications–are also discussed. At the microscopic level, a comprehensive analysis of multiscale reaction kinetics within the domain of photothermal synergistic catalysis has been conducted. This analysis elucidates the significance of catalyst design, further detailing the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing reaction pathways and active sites through nanostructured catalysts, single‐atom catalysts, and metal‐support interactions. However, the transition from laboratory research to industrial‐scale application still faces challenges, including the complexity of system integration, energy density optimization, and economic feasibility. This review provides a theoretical framework and practical guidance through a complete investigation of current technological bottlenecks and future development directions, with the aim of driving key advances in concentrated solar‐driven CO2 reduction catalysis.
Design of Carbon Materials with Selective Ion Separation in Capacitive Deionisation and Their Applications
Authors: Ma Jie , Liang Shuzhen , Yang Xue , Wang Yabo , Wang Bingzheng , Gao Wei , Ye Kang , Maihaiti Mairemu , Iqbal Javed , Abdukayum Abdukader , Pan Fanghui
Published: January 2025

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a novel, cost‐effective and environmentally friendly desalination technology that has garnered significant attention in recent years. Carbon materials, owing to their excellent properties, have become the preferred electrode materials for CDI. Given the significant differences between different ions, ion‐selective performance has emerged as a critical aspect of CDI applications. However, comprehensive reviews on the selective ion separation capabilities of carbon materials for CDI remain scarce. This review examines the progress in developing carbon materials for ion‐selective separation in CDI, focusing on regulatory mechanisms and representative materials. It also discusses the applications of selective CDI carbon materials in areas such as heavy metal removal, nutrient recovery, seawater desalination resourcing, and water softening. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects for advancing carbon materials in CDI are explored. This review aims to provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for utilising carbon materials in wastewater treatment and resource recovery.
Winter tick sharing between ungulates in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and implications for apparent competition
Authors: Koser Troy , Martin Alynn , Courtemanch Alyson , Thompson Laura , Wise Benjamin , Fralick Gary , Dewey Sarah , Girard Amy , Scurlock Brandon , Rogerson Jared , Oyen Kennan , Cross Paul
Published: January 2025

Host species heterogeneity can drive parasite dynamics through variation in host competency as well as host abundance. We explored how elk (Cervus canadensis) with apparent subclinical infestations of winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) may be a cryptic reservoir and drive winter tick dynamics, impacting moose (Alces alces) populations. We found that winter tick infestation loads did not vary remarkably between both host species and winter ticks sourced from elk and moose produced similar numbers of larvae which activated within 5 days of each other. We also found similar larval densities in habitats predominately used by elk, moose, and both host species. Our analysis of 2793 informative single‐nucleotide polymorphisms showed genetic differentiation among tick populations that were only ~75 km apart, but fewer differences among ticks from elk or moose in the same locality, suggesting sharing of winter ticks across host species. Despite the clinical signs of high winter tick infestations being most apparent on moose, elk may be critical drivers of winter tick population dynamics and indirectly compete with moose in areas where they outnumber moose populations, a common characteristic of ungulate communities in western North America. Management interventions aimed at addressing winter tick issues on moose may wish to consider the movement patterns and abundance of cryptic reservoirs like elk.
Recommendations for developing, documenting, and distributing data products derived from NEON data
Authors: Atkins Jeff W. , Aho Kelly S. , Chen Xuan , Elmore Andrew J. , Fiorella Rich , Luo Wenqi , Lombardozzi Danica , Lunch Claire , Manak Leah , de Pablo Luis X. , Myers‐Pigg Allison N. , Record Sydne , Qiu Tong , Reed Samuel , Ruddell Benjamin , Strange Brandon , Torrens Christa L. , Yule Kelsey , Richardson Andrew D.
Published: January 2025

The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) provides over 180 distinct data products from 81 sites (47 terrestrial and 34 freshwater aquatic sites) within the United States and Puerto Rico. These data products include both field and remote sensing data collected using standardized protocols and sampling schema, with centralized quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) provided by NEON staff. Such breadth of data creates opportunities for the research community to extend basic and applied research while also extending the impact and reach of NEON data through the creation of derived data products—higher level data products derived by the user community from NEON data. Derived data products are curated, documented, reproducibly‐generated datasets created by applying various processing steps to one or more lower level data products—including interpolation, extrapolation, integration, statistical analysis, modeling, or transformations. Derived data products directly benefit the research community and increase the impact of NEON data by broadening the size and diversity of the user base, decreasing the time and effort needed for working with NEON data, providing primary research foci through the development via the derivation process, and helping users address multidisciplinary questions. Creating derived data products also promotes personal career advancement to those involved through publications, citations, and future grant proposals. However, the creation of derived data products is a nontrivial task. Here we provide an overview of the process of creating derived data products while outlining the advantages, challenges, and major considerations.
Costs and benefits of maternal nest choice: Trade‐offs between brood survival and thermal stress in bees
Authors: deHaan Jessie L. , Maretzki Jesse , Skandalis Adonis , Tattersall Glenn J. , Richards Miriam H.
Published: January 2025

Optimal nest site selection is crucial in animals whose offspring are completely dependent on the shelter of a nest. Parental decisions influencing nest thermal conditions are particularly important because temperature strongly influences juvenile activity, metabolism, growth, developmental rate, survival, and adult body size. In small ectotherms such as bees, maternal decisions to nest in sun‐exposed or shady sites can lead to marked differences in thermal microenvironments inside nests. Small carpenter bees (Ceratina calcarata) strongly prefer to nest in sun but also prefer nesting substrates more frequently found in shade, suggesting that nest site selection is based on a trade‐off between costs and benefits of warmer versus cooler nest sites. We investigated the consequences of sun and shade nesting for mothers and their offspring using a field experiment in which mothers and newly founded nests were placed in sunny or shady habitats. Maternal costs and benefits in each treatment were quantified by comparing maternal foraging effort, nest size, number of brood provisioned, and number and size of live offspring. These demographic measures allowed us to estimate fitness for mothers nesting in sun versus shade. For juvenile bees from sun and shade nests, we quantified two thermal traits, high‐temperature tolerance (CTmax) and metabolic rate. Mothers in sun nests had significantly higher nesting success, with 59% of all nests producing brood, while mothers in shade nests experienced only 32% success. Successful sun nests actually contained fewer live brood (5.2 ± 3.0, mean ± SD) than shade nests (6.9 ± 3.3), but their higher success rates meant that maternal fitness was higher in sun than in shade. However, sun nesting entailed clear costs to brood, which were significantly smaller, less likely to survive to adulthood, and had significantly elevated CTmax, suggesting that thermal stress during development necessitated them to shunt resources from growth to thermoprotection. The maternal preferences for sun nesting optimize maternal fitness despite the evident costs to juveniles developing in sun‐exposed nests.
Synthesis and Characterisation of {PdNO}10 Pincer Complexes
Authors: Sinclair Matthew J. G. , Roig Nil , Tsoureas Nikolaos , Alonso Mercedes , Chaplin Adrian B.
Published: January 2025

The synthesis and characterisation of two square planar {PdNO}10 pincer complexes of the form [Pd(pincer)(NO)]+ (pincer = 2,6‐(tBu2PCH2)2C5H3N, 1; 2,6‐(tBu2PO)2C5H3N, 2) are reported. These complexes are readily isolated by phosphine substitution of T‐shaped [Pd(PtBu3)2(NO)]+ 3 in THF and the bent nitrosyl coordination mode observed in 3 is retained, as evidenced by X‐ray diffraction (∠PdNO ∼ 120°), IR spectroscopy and analysis of isotopically enriched samples by 15N NMR spectroscopy. Effective oxidation states of Pd0/NO+ are calculated for 1–3 and nitrosyl coordination is principally attributed to metal‐centred σ‐bonding, with supplementary π‐backbonding. Computational analysis, however, indicates that the Pd−NO bonds in 1 and 2 have greater PdI/NO• character and σ‐bonding is more prominent than in 3. These differences in bonding are manifested experimentally in more red‐shifted nitrosyl stretching frequencies and the propensity of 1 and 2 to react with dichloromethane to afford palladium(II) chloride derivatives.
Synthesis of Sulfone Containing‐Spirocycles, ‐Pentafulvene Dyes and Their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Mishra Gitanjali , Indu Potnuru , Sasmal Mukesh , Thirupathi Barla
Published: January 2025

A highly regioselective synthesis of sulfone‐containing spiro[4.4]nonanes has been achieved by the reaction of 2‐phenacyl‐1,3‐indandiones with 3‐(phenylsulfonyl)propiolates at ambient temperature. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were transformed into pentafulvene dyes via unprecedented C−C bond rearrangement and their photophysical properties are also outlined in this article.
Cardo Bisphenol Fluorene Fused with Dibenzo[g,p]chrysene for a High Refractive Index Monomer
Authors: Yura Toko , Noda Rion , Okada Ikuma , Guo Zhenfeng , Nakanishi Takashi , Yamaoka Yousuke , Iwasawa Tetsuo
Published: January 2025

Synthesis and properties of a new cardo‐typed bis‐phenol are described. A dibenzo[g,p]chrysene (DBC) core that has one ester group at the bay was prepared, and then intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts acylation gave a key cyclopentanone intermediate. Finally, two‐fold arylation successfully yielded a DBC‐linked bis‐phenol. This new DBC‐linked bis‐phenol was compared with the prototype bis‐phenol fluorene (BPF). The structure‐activity relationship between these two bis‐phenols reveals that the expansion of the π‐conjugated system using a skeletal DBC influences the quality of its attributes with a refractive index of 1.83. This comparative study provides us a basis for future cardo structure material chemistry.
Does Social Cohesion Predict Justification of Extremist Violence? Evidence From the Sahel Region in Burkina Faso
Authors: Varela Micaela , Bulska Dominika , Bilali Rezarta , Xu Ruoxi
Published: January 2025

Many governments have invested in interventions that foster social cohesion to promote peace and prevent the rise of violent extremism. Yet, we know little about the relationship between social cohesion and support for violent extremism. This research (N = 5016) examined cross‐sectional relationships between different dimensions of social cohesion and violent extremism in 132 villages in the Sahel region of Burkina Faso (Study 1). In addition, using longitudinal data from 66 villages (Study 2: N = 2508), we assessed whether social cohesion predicts violence justification six months later. At the individual level, sense of community, outgroup trust and institutional trust were associated with lower justification of violence. Community participation was associated with higher justification of violence in villages with high levels of community participation. Between‐village effects revealed that justification of violence was lower in villages with higher aggregate levels of ingroup and outgroup trust but lower levels of community participation.