bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poverty and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study in rural China
Authors: Li Zhong , Zhang Liang
Published: May 2020

Background

The association between poverty and health has been widely assessed. However, whether the association between poverty and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) holds among different groups is unknown. This study aimed to 1) assess the association between poverty and HRQOL among rural residents in China and 2) examine whether the association holds among different populations, thereby supporting policy-making and implementation.

Methods

A multistage, stratified, random household survey was conducted with self-administered questionnaires. Matched samples were generated by the censored exact matching method to reduce selection bias between the poverty and comparison groups. We applied Tobit and ordinal logit regression models to evaluate the association between poverty and HRQOL measured by the EQ-5D-3 L among different groups.

Results

The health utility score of the poverty group was 6.1% lower than that of comparison group (95% CI = − 0.085, − 0.037), with anxiety/depression being most common (95% CI = 1.220, 1.791). The association between poverty and HRQOL was significantly stronger among residents from central China, males, people who were middle-aged, elderly, highly educated, married, or widowed, those living far from healthcare facilities, and those without chronic disease. Male and highly educated subjects reported worse mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression dimensions than the other respondents. Middle-aged (95% CI = 1.692, 2.851) and married respondents (95% CI = 1.692, 2.509) and respondents with chronic diseases (95% CI = 1.770, 2.849) were most affected in the anxiety/depression.

Conclusions

The HRQOL of individuals living in poverty is lower than that of the general population, and the mental health dimension is most affected by poverty among respondents who are middle-aged or married and respondents with chronic diseases. The identification of populations that are more affected by poverty is critical to improve their HRQOL. Various associations have indicated the need for integrated policies and specific decision-making.
Short-term outcomes of mirogabalin in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain: a retrospective study
Authors: Tetsunaga Tomoko , Tetsunaga Tomonori , Nishida Keiichiro , Misawa Haruo , Takigawa Tomoyuki , Yamane Kentaro , Tsuji Hironori , Takei Yoshitaka , Ozaki Toshifumi
Published: May 2020

Background

Mirogabalin, which is approved for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain in Japan, is a ligand for the α2δ subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels. Both pregabalin and mirogabalin act as nonselective ligands at the α2δ-1 and α2δ-2 subunits. Mirogabalin has a unique binding profile and long duration of action. Pregabalin has been reported to produce intolerable adverse effects in some patients. This study investigated outcomes associated with mirogabalin administration in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain who ceased treatment with pregabalin.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed peripheral neuropathic pain using the neuropathic pain screening questionnaire (NeP score) in 187 patients (58 men, 129 women) who were treated with mirogabalin. All patients had switched from pregabalin to mirogabalin due to lack of efficacy or adverse events. Differences in the treatment course (i.e., numeric rating scale (NRS) scores) were compared using one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc tests.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 72.3 years (range, 30–94 years), and the mean duration of disease was 37 months (range, 3–252 months). After treatment with mirogabalin for 1 week, NRS scores significantly decreased compared with baseline and continued to decrease over time. After 8 weeks, NRS scores improved by ≥ 30% from baseline in 113 patients (69.3%). Twenty-four patients (12.8%) stopped mirogabalin treatment due to adverse events. Somnolence (26.7%), dizziness (12.3%), edema (5.9%), and weight gain (0.5%) were noted as adverse events of mirogabalin.

Conclusions

The results of this investigation indicate that mirogabalin is safe and effective for reducing peripheral neuropathic pain.
Correction to: Transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes improves myocardial function and reverses ventricular remodeling in infarcted rat hearts
Authors: Guan Xumin , Xu Wanzi , Zhang He , Wang Qian , Yu Jiuyang , Zhang Ruyi , Chen Yamin , Xia Yunlong , Wang Jiaxian , Wang Dongjin
Published: May 2020

The original article omits an affiliation for authors, He Zhang and Dongjin Wang. The omitted affiliation can be viewed in this Correction article.
Food security in rural Burkina Faso: the importance of consumption of own-farm sourced food versus purchased food
Authors: Fraval Simon , Yameogo Viviane , Ayantunde Augustine , Hammond James , de Boer Imke J. M. , Oosting Simon J. , van Wijk Mark T.
Published: May 2020

Background

The number of undernourished people and the risk of micro-nutrient deficiency remain high in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Decades of policy designed to reverse the trends of food insecurity have illustrated that the causal pathways of intervention to end-point outcomes, such as nutrition, are not necessarily straightforward. Utilising proxies for dimensions of food security, this study investigates the relative importance of different pathways to food security in two subtly contrasting communities in the Sahelian and Sudanian Savanna zones of Burkina Faso.

Results

In Yatenga province, approximately 31% of households were classified as ‘severely food insecure’ in the ‘lean’ period. In contrast, over 84% of households sampled in Seno province were classified as being ‘severely food insecure’ in the ‘lean’ period. There were statistically significant associations between food security indicators and off-farm income, farm income and production diversity. The source of income had significantly different associations with diet diversity in the two provinces. In Yatenga province, higher gross farm income in the absence of off-farm income was predicted to result in more diverse diets; in Seno province, however, gross farm income was only predicted to result in more diverse diets when households are also earning off-farm income.

Conclusions

Our analysis shows that households were most differentiated by income generating pathways to food security in the ‘lean’ period. This finding should not detract from the essential role played by home-produced foods in improving food security. Rather, market-orientated agriculture and production for home consumption, as shown by households in this study, can be combined as part of a more resilient livelihood strategy. Policy needs to be targeted towards agro-ecological conditions, as well as socioeconomic factors in order to facilitate improved on-farm income, farm resilience and off-farm employment opportunities.
Efficacy of indigenous strain of entomopathogenic nematode against diapausing larvae of Codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in apple-growing hilly areas of Ladakh Region
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad Jamal , Mohiudin Sajad , Askary Tarique Hassan , Patil Jagadeesh
Published: May 2020

Indigenous entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis pakistanensis, NBAIR H-05 strain was evaluated against diapausing larvae of the Codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) at 3 different dosages, i.e., at 15, 20, and 25 gm/ l of water in apple orchards at the district Kargil of Ladakh Region, India, during 2017 and 2018.Two year’s pooled average density of diapausing ranged 34.6 to 56.8 larvae/trunk band before treatment, which declined ranging 43.85 to 86.27 % with respect to different treatments of entomopathogenic nematode at concentrations between 7.5 × 105 IJs to 1.25 × 106 IJs/tree. Percent reduction in larvae over control varied from 41.78 to 85.77% for 7.5 × 105 IJs and 1.25 × 106 IJs respectively. Two-year pooled data indicated larval mortality between 39.85 and 73.38% and 4.0 to 12.89% with respect to different treatments at 48 and 72 h respectively, with statistically significant difference (P = ˂ 0.001). Increase in dosage of nematode formulation from 15 gm to 25 gm resulted in increased larval mortality (r = 0.92**). Post wetting of trunk band after 24 h in each treatment resulted in significantly higher larval mortality than non-post wetting. There was non-significant difference (t = 0.83) between larval mortality with respect to treatments during 2017 and 2018.
Palynomorph assemblage biozonation of Paleogene strata in Bende–Umuahia Area, Niger Delta Basin, southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Ikegwuonu Okechukwu Nicodemus , Umeji Obianuju Patricia , Chiaghanam Osita Igwebuike , Nwozor Kingsley K. , Ndukwe Otobong Sunday , Chiadikobi Kingsley Chukwuebuka
Published: May 2020

Cenozoic sediments form extensive outcrops in the Niger Delta Basin. Detailed palynostratigraphic study was undertaken across Paleogene sequences exposed in Bende–Umuahia Area in up-dip sectors of the Niger Delta Basin, southeastern Nigeria, to establish different palynomorphs assemblage zones, with their corresponding ages. Palynological analysis was carried out on 27 selected outcrop samples, using the conventional maceration technique for recovering acid-insoluble organic-walled microfossils from sediments. Three Cenozoic lithostratigraphic units, including Imo Formation, Ameki Formation, and Ogwashi Formation, are exposed in the study area. Lithologies are sandstone, carbonaceous shale, mudstone, limestone, and the lignite. A total of 65 species of sporomorphs and 51 dinoflagellate cysts were identified. The recovered spores and pollen grains were used to establish six informal palynomorph assemblage zones, labeled as zone A – zone F, based on the first and the last occurrences of two or more species. These palynomorph assemblage zones include: (1) zone A — middle Paleocene Scabratriporites simpliformis–Bombacidites annae zone; (2) zone B — late Paleocene Foveotricolporites crassiexinus–Mauritidiites crassiexinus zone; (3) zone C — early Eocene Striatopollis catatumbus–Momipites africanus zone; (4) zone D — middle Eocene Margocolporites umuahiaensis–Gemmastephanocolporites brevicolpites zone; (5) zone E — late Eocene Cicatricosisporites dorogensis–Perfotricolpites nigerianus zone; and, (6) zone F — Oligocene–early Miocene Verrucatosporites usmensis–Magnastriatites howardii zone. The erected palynozones were correlated and compared with existing biozones in subsurface, down-dip sectors of the Niger Delta Basin, with pantropical palynological zones in tropical areas of Africa, and with palynofloral provinces of northern South America. A comparison of palynozones studied in southeastern Nigeria with other international palynozones, in this study, will assist in establishing the correlation of sediments for these areas.
Comparison between RECIST and PERCIST criteria in therapeutic response assessment in cases of lymphoma
Authors: Tawfik Marwa Mohammed Hasan , Monib Ahmed Mohamed , Yassin Aya , Ali Susan Adil
Published: May 2020

Background

Accurate radiologic assessment of treatment response in lymphomas is important for helping the clinicians to properly evaluate effectiveness of treatment and consequently guide therapeutic management of these patients. Imaging tools based on anatomic response are suboptimal in detecting functional changes in tumors resulting after early effective treatment. Recently, with the development of 18F-FDG PET/CT, both functional and anatomic information has been integrated for assessing treatment response in both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. The aim of this study was to compare therapeutic response in lymphoma patients using both RECIST 1.1 and PERCIST 1.0 criteria.

Results

Among the included 33 lymphoma patients, RECIST 1.1 and PERCIST 1.0 classifications of therapeutic response were concordant in 20 patients (60.6%) and discordant in 13 patients (39.4%), with a tendency of RECIST 1.1 to downgrade the tumor response in 12/13 patients (P value < 0.001).

Conclusion

The recently applied PERCIST 1.0 is efficient and more accurate than RECIST 1.1 to assess treatment response in lymphoma patients, which is subsequently affecting further management of these patients.
Gender Differences in Student Participation in an Active-Learning Classroom
Authors: Aguillon Stepfanie M. , Siegmund Gregor-Fausto , Petipas Renee H. , Drake Abby Grace , Cotner Sehoya , Ballen Cissy J.
Published: May 2020

Gender gaps were observed in multiple categories of student participation in an active-learning biology course. Despite similar performance on in-class assessments, student surveys suggest that men and women experience the classroom differently. The results suggest that active learning is not a panacea for equitable participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics courses.
Symptom trajectories into eating disorders: A systematic review of longitudinal, nonclinical studies in children/adolescents
Authors: McClelland Jessica , Robinson Lauren , Potterton Rachel , Mountford Victoria , Schmidt Ulrike
Published: May 2020

Background.

Eating disorders (EDs) are serious mental illnesses that can be life-threatening. Stage of illness models and early intervention strategies could be informed by a better understanding of symptomatology that precedes the onset of an ED. This review aims to explore which symptoms (both ED and other psychiatric disorder-related) exist prior to the onset of an ED and whether there any prospective associations between these symptomatologies.

Methods.

A systematic literature review was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO for large, longitudinal, prospective studies in nonclinical cohorts of children/adolescents that report symptoms prior to the onset of an ED. A quality assessment of included studies was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.

Results.

A total of 22 studies were included, and over half were assessed to be of good quality. Studies identified the presence of a broad range of ED and other psychiatric disorder-related symptoms prior to ED onset. Possible prospective associations were identified, including early eating and feeding difficulties in childhood, to ED-related symptoms (e.g., dieting and body dissatisfaction) and other psychiatric disorder-related symptoms (e.g., anxiety and depression) in childhood/early adolescence, progressing to severe symptomatology (e.g., extreme weight control behaviors and self-harm) in mid-adolescence/emerging adulthood.

Conclusion.

The trajectory of symptoms identified to precede and possibly predict onset of an ED may inform early intervention strategies within the community. Suggestions for further research are provided to establish these findings and the clinical implications of these discussed, in order to inform how best to target prodromal stages of EDs.
Giant cell tumour of soft tissue—a rare presentation of a common pathology
Authors: Chopra Annu , Kinsella Matthew , Edwards Sara , Smith Ian , Robinson Philip
Published: May 2020

We present the case of a giant cell tumour of soft tissue (GCT-ST) presenting as a slow-growing paraspinal mass. Imaging investigations revealed a well-circumscribed subcutaneous lesion containing fluid–fluid levels and an internal solid nodule. The imaging findings resulted in only a tentative differential which included haematoma or complex epidermoid cyst but failed to provide a definitive diagnosis. The patient underwent an image-guided biopsy from which a histopathological diagnosis of a GCT-ST was made. GCT-ST is a primary soft tissue neoplasm that is clinically and histologically similar to giant cell tumour of bone. Given its rare occurrence, there is very little published literature on the characteristic imaging findings of GCT-ST to help with its diagnosis which is usually only made histologically. The aim of this case report is to highlight our specific imaging findings and add to the limited pre-existing imaging data on GCT-ST.
The application of multi-criteria decision analysis to inform in resource allocation
Authors: Schey Carina , Postma Maarten , Krabbe Paul , Medic Goran , Connolly Mark
Published: May 2020

Background: There is a perception held by payers that orphan products are expensive. As a result, the current health technology assessment systems might be too restrictive for orphan drugs, therefore potentially denying patients access to life-saving medicines. While price is important, it should be considered in relation to a broader range of disease-related product attributes that are not necessarily considered by many health technology assessment agencies. To overcome these challenges, multi-criteria decision analysis has been proposed as an alternative to evaluate technologies.

Methods: A targeted literature review was conducted to identify the most frequently cited attributes in multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in rare diseases. From the leading attributes identified, we developed a multi-criteria decision analysis framework with which to aggregate the orphan drug values. We subsequently reviewed and plotted the relationship between single attributes and the average annual treatment costs for 8 drugs used in the treatment of rare endocrine diseases. The annual treatment costs were based on UK list prices for the average daily dose per patient.

Results: The five most frequently mentioned attributes in the literature were as follows: Disease severity, Unmet need (or availability of therapeutic alternatives), Comparative effectiveness or efficacy, Quality of evidence and Safety & tolerability. Results from the multi-criteria decision analysis framework indicate a wide range of average annual per-patients costs for drugs intended for the same diseases, and likewise for diseases with a similar level of Disease severity.

Conclusions: Multi-criteria decision analysis may offer a viable alternative to support discussion in reimbursement decisions for orphan drugs. The analyses can be used to inform investigations on the application of MCDAs in rare diseases.
EFFECT OF PREMIXES AND BOLUSS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF COW’S MILK
Authors: Krupin Evgeniy , Shakirov Shamil' , Kashaeva Aliya
Published: May 2020

In a comparative aspect, the result of providing cows with minerals and vitamins through boluses and premixes is presented. The studies were carried out in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2019 on three groups of cows, 15 animals each. The first (control) group of cows received a feeding ration with the P60-1/C premix during the dry period, and after calving - with the P60-3 premix for 60 days. Cows of the second and third groups on the first day of the dry period received Bolus-1 and Bolus-2, respectively (2 boluses) once, and after calving - a ration with P60-3 premix for 60 days. The experiment was carried out according to the method of A.I. Ovsyannikov. The results were processed according to A.N. Plokhinsky. Milk production was monitored daily for 60 days. Physicochemical parameters of milk were determined using the device “Laktan 1-4” on the 60th day of lactation. In animals that received boluses, milk production in terms of basis fat was higher on average by 3.7%. The increase in productivity in cows of the second group was significant relative to that in cows of the first group (p <0.05). When boluses are used in animal feed rations, the most effective use of diet components is noted: in the second and third groups, 4.17 and 4.16% less metabolic energy was spent on the production of 1 kg of milk of base fat content and by 3.06 and 3.05 % respectively less crude protein. The largest mass fraction of protein was in the milk of cows in the control group - 2.92% (p <0.001), and the mass fraction of fat - in cows receiving Bolus-1 (3.88%). The milk of cows receiving Bolus-2 was characterized by the highest density (30.58 ° A, p <0.05). The use of premixes and boluses did not affect the SNF content in milk
IMPROVEMENT OF STATE SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE
Authors: Aleksandrova Natal'ya , Subaeva Asiya , Nizamutdinov Marat , Titov Nikolay
Published: May 2020

The problem of improving state support for enterprises of the dairy product complex, in particular dairy cattle breeding, remains relevant. Its solution will contribute to the preservation of livestock and increase milk production. The current system of state support for agricultural producers in Ulyanovsk region in the form of subsidies for sold milk is inefficient, and only organizations that ensure an increase in milk yield, as well as maintaining milk production and calf output per 100 cows, can receive it. In addition, the amount of subsidy per 1 liter of milk sold is only 0.54 rubles. This does not stimulate the development of dairy cattle breeding in the region, as evidenced by the low growth rate of gross milk yield for 2014–2018. The sector’s efficiency in agricultural enterprises - the main producers of marketed milk - decreased by 6.0 percentage points, amounting to 21.9% in 2018. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for improving state support for dairy cattle breeding in the Ulyanovsk region. In general, it should be aimed at preserving (increasing) the number of dairy herds and maintaining the productivity of cows not lower than the average regional value. The amount of the proposed subsidies under the state support program for dairy cattle breeding in the region may amount to 12.0 thousand rubles. per 1 cow, including 2.0 thousand rubles for the safety of the livestock, 10.0 thousand rubles - for the productivity of cows. With this approach, in 2018, 52.5 million rubles would have been required for state support for the development of the dairy cattle industry in agricultural enterprises in the region, the subsidy per 1 liter of milk sold would have amounted to 1.66 rubles
Letter to Editor. Polish recommendations for conducting online visits in psychiatric care
Authors: Krzystanek Marek , Matuszczyk Maciej , Krupka-Matuszczyk Irena , Koźmin-Burzyńska Agnieszka , Segiet Seweryn , Przybyło Jacek
Published: May 2020

bez streszczenia
Relationships between changes in uric acid parameters metabolism and parameters of immunity and microbiota in patients with neuroendocrine-immune complex dysfunction
Authors: Gozhenko Anatoliy , Smagliy Vadym , Korda Inna , Badiuk Nataliya , Zukow Walery , Kovbasnyuk Marta , Popovych Igor
Published: May 2020

Background. Previously by screening correlation links between uricemia and uricosuria, on the one hand, and immunity and microbiota parameters, on the other, registered in patients with chronic pyelonephritis and cholecystitis in remission twice (before and after ten days of balneotherapy), we found that raw uricemia determines by 28% nine parameters of immunity as well as bacteriuria and content in E. coli feces. Uricemia, normalized by sex and age, determines by 25% another constellation of immunity parameters as well as content in E. coli feces with impaired enzymatic activity and Klebsiela&Proteus. Instead, uricosuria determines only four parameters of immunity and only by 11,5%. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between individual changes in the two parameter sets caused by balneotherapy. Material and Methods. The object of observation were 34 men and 10 women aged 24-70 years old, who came to the Truskavets’ spa for the rehabilitation treatment of chronic pyelonephritis combined with cholecystitis in remission. The serum and daily urine levels of the uric acid by uricase method were determined. Immune status evaluated on a set of I and II levels recommended by the WHO. The condition of microbiota is evaluated on the results of sowing of feces and urine. Results. It is found that individual changes in uricemia correlate inversely with changes in the level of T-helpers in blood as well as IgA and IgS in saliva while positively with changes in the level of Monocytes with the almost same force as their static levels. Instead, inverse links with changes in inflammatory markers and positive connections with changes in CIC and T-killers that are absent with respect to static parameters are revealed. However, no association was found between changes in uricemia and the intensity of Staph. aureus phagocytosis by blood neutrophils. Changes in uricosuria correlate with changes in only three immune parameters, and even at the limit of significance. Taking into account other relationships, we find that balneotherapy-induced changes in uricemia and uricosuria determine changes in immune status by 60%. Conclusion. Endogenous uric acid has a modulating effects on a number of immune parameters in patients with neuroendocrine-immune complex dysfunction on background of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Features of the HRV, endocrine and metabolic parameters in persons whose immune status is susceptible or resistant to chronic stress
Authors: Lukyanchenko Oleksandr , Mel’nyk Oksana , Gozhenko Olena , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor
Published: May 2020

Background. In the previous studies, we compared the individuals who were almost identical to the average value of LF/HF ratio and its dispersion, but with opposite deviations from the norm of immunity. Two profiles of EEG have been created that reflect the differences between the two clusters. The first profile contains the parameters that in stress-sensitive individuals are in the zone of narrowed norm, whereas in stress-resistant individuals they are to some degree elevated, or at least exceed those in stress-sensitive individuals. The second profile contains EEG parameters, each of which in stress-resistant individuals is lower than that of stress-sensitive individuals. The purpose of this study is to clarify the features of the HRV, endocrine and metabolic parameters in persons whose immune status is susceptible or resistant to chronic stress. Materials and Methods. The object of observation were 32 men and 8 women with chronic pyelonephritis in remission. The criterion for inclusion was the magnitude of the sympathico-vagal balance index LF/HF which exceeded the age norm by 0,5 σ. We determined spectral parameters of HRV, plasma levels of principal adaptation Hormones, plasma and daily urine levels of the Electrolytes and Nitrous metabolites as well as plasma Lipoproteines spectrum. Results. Discriminant analysis revealed that Testosterone is the main factor that conditioning the sensitivity of immune status to sympathotonic shift in autonomic regulation in chronic stress. Sensitizing (immunosuppressive) factors are also Ca/K-ratio of plasma and total Cholesterol, instead LD LP Cholesterol, Creatininuria, P/Ca-ratio of urine, spectral power of VLF band HRV as well as entropy of HRV are desensitizing (immunoprotective) factors. Conclusion. The susceptibility or resistance of the immune status to the stress sympathotonic shift of autonomic regulation is conditioned by the combination of EEG, HRV, endocrine and metabolic parameters.
Epidemiological assessment of the peculiarities of the development of non-tumor diseases residents of the radioactively contaminated areas aged 18-47 years old, born before the Chernobyl accident. The observation period 1988-2016
Authors: Yaroshenko Zh. , Prykashchykova K.
Published: May 2020

An epidemiological assessment of changes in the health status of RCA residents under 18 years old at the time of theChernobylaccident for the period 1988-2016 was conducted.The main source of information was the database of medical data of the State Register of Ukraine (SRU) of victims of theChernobylaccident. The cohort consisted of 33,684 residents of RCA aged 18 to 47 years old (as of the date of theChernobylaccident under the age of 18), of whom men - 16,757, women - 16,927.The state of health of the offspring was assessed based on the information from the Ukraine State Register (USR).45417 cases (100%) of non-tumoral diseases were identified in eight classes of ICD-10, which is 103.46 ± 0.46 cases per 1000 person-years of follow-up. 21,148 diseases were diagnosed in men (96.32 ± 0.63 per 1000 person-years), and24,269 inwomen (110.60 ± 0.67). Epidemiological analysis of non-tumoral morbidity and disability was conducted over five-year observation periods: 1988-1992, 1993-1997, 1998-2002, 2003-2007, 2008-2012, and 2013-2016.The dynamics of non-tumoral morbidity of the subjects show a gradual decrease in morbidity from the highest in the first period (the first six years after the accident) to the lowest in the last period (2013-2016).Thyroid diseases (97.60%) are the main component among the nosological forms of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders (18.97 ± 0.20 cases per 1000 man-years) of the total number for 1988-2016 epidemiological observation.In the structure of the causes of disability, the largest components are diseases of the nervous system and mental and behavioral disorders, which together account for 51.75%.According to the indicators of the structure, the residents born before the Chernobyl accident (April 26, 1986) aged 0 to 18 years, showed the highest incidence of non-tumoral diseases of the respiratory, digestive, endocrine system (almost 80%).Men (1.1-1.4 times) were more likely to suffer from diseases of the respiratory system, digestive system, circulatory system, musculoskeletal system, mental and behavioral disorders. In women, the incidence of non-tumoral diseases was higher (1.1-3.4 times) in the endocrine, nervous and genitourinary systems.Against the background of a gradual decrease in the incidence from the first to the last five-year observation period, there is an increase in the disability of the subjects in the three disability groups; thus, there was synchronization in different directions.
Health education as an effective element of prevention carried out by medical staff - review work
Authors: Fortunka Katarzyna Dominika
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Health as an irrational value requires continuous multidimensional activities to maintain it. Their implementation is based on building self-awareness in the individual through health promotion strategies consisting in shaping the desired behavior among patients. This is a chance that health promotion through implemented health education puts before the patient.Aim: The aim of the study is to present the beneficial effects of health education on the functioning of the patient.Material and methods: Literature analysis based on articles and books containing the aspect of health education.Conclusions: Daily choices create an individual lifestyle, thus not remaining neutral to health. Awareness of responsibility for one's own health shapes an individual approach to the issue of health. This awareness can be achieved through properly implemented health education assumptions. Undertaken actions are a unifying direction of modern medicine and man in the pursuit of achieving positive health indicators. Through them, it is possible to observe mutual benefits, thanks to which health protection reduces expenditures, thus saving any funds generated by the patient, and the patient himself can be healthy in complete satisfaction, striving for self-fulfillment. Only jointly implemented preventive actions controlling the potential risk are able to achieve the unifying goal, which is constantly improving the quality of life.
Correlation between temporomandibular joint dysfunction and Eichner classification
Authors: Krzewski Szymon , Baranowski Mateusz , Zubrzycki Robert , Stachurski Maciej , Borowicz Janusz
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The Dental Prosthetics Department's most common patients are elderly who have lost their teeth. Dental deficiencies not only impair the functions of the stomatognathic system but can also be the cause of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Deficiencies in the lateral sections lead to a decrease in the occlusion height in patients, which negatively affects the aesthetics of the face by shortening the lower floor and overloading the remaining teeth, eventually leading to their pathological wear. Loss of occlusion height changes the spatial arrangement of the lower jaw to the upper jaw, which can lead to changes in the temporomandibular joint. The loss of a tooth or group of teeth is an indication for proper prosthetic treatment. The dentist should be able to take into account, evaluate and, if necessary, cure TMD, but this is not a common skill among dentists. Such treatment requires an appropriate comprehensive approach. There are currently no standards for such treatment. We presented one of the methods as part of our study.Purpose of work:The aim of the study was to check the correlation between the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders and missing teeth and used prosthetic restorations. Material and methods:Medical history records of 58 patients under the care of the Department of Dental Prosthetics at Medical University of Lublin were analyzed. Factors such as age and gender, occlusion height, distribution of missing teeth according to the Eichner classification and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders, i.e. crackling, pain, limited and excessive abduction of the jaw were checked. Before starting prosthetic treatment, every patient underwent comprehensive conservative, surgical and periodontics treatment in accordance with existing needs. Results:The study group consisted of 38 women and 20 men. The average age of all patients was 69.6 years; - average for men - 70.45 years, women 68.16 years. The oldest patient was an 88-year-old man, and the youngest was a 43-year-old woman. 31% of patients were toothless. 25.9% of patients had pain within the stomatognathic system, of which 86.7% were women and 13.3% men. Relaxation splint was made in 24.1% of patients.Summary:The study showed that the ailments associated with the stomatognathic system are correlated with a reduction in occlusion height. Larger dental deficits are more common in older people. Pain symptoms are the most common cause of making relaxation splints. Women more often than men complain of pain. The correct treatment scheme for patients with missing teeth and long-term loss of support zones is staggered treatment - two-stage. The first stage of treatment is to restore the correct occlusion height by using the occlusal splint. Then, after the adaptation period, there is a transition to the second stage of treatment - the use of proper prosthetic restoration maintaining the correct height of occlusion
What is psychotherapy today? Overview of psychotherapeutic concepts
Authors: Pawlak Adam , Kacprzyk-Straszak Agnieszka
Published: May 2020

Psychotherapy is a method of treatment that uses a variety of skills based on theoretical knowledge to help the patient, his well-being and mental health. Medicine and psychotherapy can complement each other effectively. The selection of the most effective treatment method for a particular case is possible by familiarizing yourself with the basic psychotherapeutic trends. The following psychotherapeutic concepts are discussed in the paper: psychoanalytical behavioral - cognitive and humanistic.
Treatment of traveler's diarrhea - clinical review
Authors: Mazur Karol , Machaj Dominik , Mazur Dominika , Asztabska Aneta , Płaczek Alicja
Published: May 2020

Travelers’ diarrhea is defined as the passage of three or more unformed stools per 24 hours plus at least one additional symptom such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever, blood/mucus in the stools, or fecal urgency that develop while abroad or within 14 days of returning from any resource-limited destinations.The aim of this study was to show the methods of treatment of traveler's diarrhea. Our study material consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases. In order to find the proper publications, the search has been conducted with the use of a combination of key words like: '' traveler's diarrhea,'', ''travel'', ''diarrhea'', ''antibiotic". The first step was to find proper publications from the last 30 years .The second step was to carry out an overview of the found publications.Major goals of treatment of the traveler's diarrhea are: to maintain optimal hydration level, to reduce the severity and duration of diarrhea and to eradicate pathogenic agents responsible for causing this disease. The choice of the best possible method of tretament of traveler's diarrhea depends on the patient's general condition, his medical history, severity and duration of diarrhea and the pathogenic agent that causes this disease.
Positive effects of Dog Assisted Therapy in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Pawluczuk Paulina , Kusz Monika , Maślak Agnieszka , Alzubedi Adam , Polski Paweł
Published: May 2020

Dog Assisted Therapy is a prevalent part of therapeutic process in pediatric population. It is a modern and constantly developing intervention. Dog Assisted Therapy is utilized with pervasive development disorders. Most of studies confirmed that Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Down Syndrome or Celebral Palsy may benefit from Dog Assisted Therapy. It is important to emphasise the role od Dog Assisted Therapy in improving children mental and physical development.
Common-path phase-shift microscope based on measurement of Stokes parameters S2and S3for 3D phase extraction
Authors: Ibrahim Dahi Ghareab Abdelsalam
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we report a common-path, phase-shift optical microscope based on measurement of Stokes parametersS2andS3to extract the three-dimensional (3D) phase map of transparent objects with high precision. The microscope employs three polarizers and two identical quarter-wave plates to extractS2andS3. The reference phase in the absence of the object is subtracted from the total phase in the presence of the object to extract the 3D phase of the object. The microscope is tested on imaging a USAF resolution test target and a reticle test pattern with excellent results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a common-path phase-shift optical microscope for 3D phase extraction based on measurement of Stokes parametersS2andS3.
Photon quantification in Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped opto-thermal sensitive fluotellurite glass phosphor
Authors: Yang J. X. , Li D. S. , Li G. , Pun E. Y. B. , Lin H.
Published: May 2020

Multi-photon-excited thermal-correlated green and red upconversion (UC) emissions have been quantified in

H
o

3
+

/

Y
b

3
+

co-doped fluotellurite (BZLFT) glass phosphor under the 978 nm laser excitation. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) originated from UC emissions bands centered at 550 nm and 661 nm has been verified in the range of 303−543 K. The net emission photon numbers of

5

F

4

+
5

S

2

→

5

I

8

and

5

F

5

→

5

I

8

transition emissions are up to

40.08

×

10

12

and

68.51

×

10

12

c
p
s

in the

0.4

w
t

.

%

H
o

2

O

3

−

0.4

w
t

.

%

Y
b

2

O

3

co-doped BZLFT case under the

6.95

W

/

m
m

2

laser power density. Furthermore, the quantum yield (QY) and luminous flux are determined to be dependent on pumping power. When the excitation power increases 874 mW, the QY values for 550 nm and 661 nm emissions are as high as

0.94

×

10

−
5

and

1.60

×

10

−
5

.

In addition, the high photon producing efficiency is conducive to ensuring high feedback to thermosensitive performance. The temperature thermal sensor can be manipulated steadily in medium temperature range, and the relative sensitivity reaches

0.4

%

K

−
1

at 303 K, which is 1 order of magnitude larger than those in several rare-earth-doped materials. Efficient photon conversion ability and high temperature sensitivity indicate that the rare-earth-ion-doped fluotellurite material has a prospective application in the construction of optical temperature sensors based on the FIR technique allowing for self-referenced temperature determination.
Liquid crystal module for motionless generation of variable structured illumination
Authors: Tabourin Loïc , Galstian Tigran
Published: May 2020

We present a module that can generate periodic light patterns and change their spacing, orientation, and position. It is done by using liquid crystal cells without pixelation (in contrast to spatial light modulators). The absence of mechanical movements allows this module to be integrated in miniature (wearable) microscopic systems to improve the image resolution by using the structured illumination method.
Topology optimization of photonics devices: fluctuation-trend analysis concept; random initial conditions with Gaussian and Durden–Vesecky power density bandlimited spectra
Authors: Edee Kofi
Published: May 2020

We present a topology optimization method for a 1D dielectric metasurface, based on a new concept: fluctuation and trend analysis for initial random conditions. The key point of the proposed optimization method is that the procedure initially generates a couple of device distributions termed fluctuation/mother and trend/father, with specific spectra that efficiently sample not the local minimum of the objective function but basins of optimal solutions in the design space. Studying a 1D dielectric metagrating deflecting a normal polarized incident wave onto a range of angles, we show that a suitable choice of a specific power density spectrum for this initial couple highly increases the probability of reaching a basin of high-performance devices. We guess initial geometries holding the physical properties of the desired final device, allowing accurate targeting of these high-performance device basins in the design space. To include desired physical properties in the initial geometry model, we introduce a formalism allowing generation of a random process with a particular power density or correlation function. By means of a suitable definition of the trend function, we identify an ultimate power density bandlimited spectrum for the fluctuation functions allowing a very high probability and leading to a rapid descent to favorable basins of optimal solutions, consequently reaching high-performance final structure in the design space.
Transition of pulsed operation from Q-switching to continuous-wave mode-locking in a Yb:KLuW waveguide laser
Authors: Bae Ji Eun , Mateos Xavier , Aguiló Magdalena , Díaz Francesc , Vázquez de Aldana Javier Rodríguez , Romero Carolina , Lee Hansuek , Rotermund Fabian
Published: May 2020

We report on the diverse pulsed operation regimes of a femtosecond-laser-written Yb:KLuW channel waveguide laser emitting near 1040 nm. By the precise position tuning of a carbon-nanotube-coated saturable absorber (SA) mirror, the transition of the pulsed operation from Q-switching, Q-switched mode-locking and finally sub-GHz continuous-wave mode-locking are obtained based on the interplay of dispersion and mode area control. The Q-switched pulses exhibit typical fast SA Q-switched pulse characteristics depending on absorbed pump powers. In the Q-switched mode-locking, amplitude modulations of the mode-locked pulses on the Q-switched envelope are observed. The radio-frequency spectrum represents the coexistence of Q-switching and mode-locking signals. In the purely mode-locked operation, the waveguide laser generates 2.05-ps pulses at 0.5 GHz.
Efficient Cherenkov-type optical-to-terahertz converter with terahertz beam combining
Authors: Bakunov M. I. , Efimenko E. S. , Gorelov S. D. , Abramovsky N. A. , Bodrov S. B.
Published: May 2020

A nonlinear structure for efficient Cherenkov-type terahertz emission from ultrashort laser pulses is proposed, modeled, and experimentally demonstrated. The structure comprises a thin (a few tens of micrometers thick) layer of lithium niobate sandwiched between two silicon prisms. A focused-to-a-line laser pulse propagates in the layer and generates a Cherenkov wedge of terahertz radiation in the prisms. The radiation experiences total internal reflection in the prisms and emerges into free space as two adjacent beams collinear to the pump laser beam. The structure can generate a centimeter-wide terahertz beam with high transverse uniformity and a flat frequency spectrum. An optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiency as high as 0.35% is achieved with 10-µJ laser pulses. It can be further enhanced by reducing the thickness of the lithium niobate layer.
Low-RF-loss and large-rejection reconfigurable Brillouin-based RF photonic bandpass filter
Authors: Garrett Matthew , Liu Yang , Ma Pan , Choi Duk-Yong , Madden Stephen J. , Eggleton Benjamin J.
Published: May 2020

We present a high-performance radio frequency (RF) photonic bandpass filter enabled by combining on-chip Brillouin scattering with a suppressed carrier phase modulation scheme. We achieve a low RF loss of 5 dB and a large stopband rejection of more than 40 dB, which represents a significant improvement of 20 dB to the RF passband gain and 31 dB to the RF rejection ratio over traditional modulation schemes under the same optical power consumption. We further demonstrate filter reconfigurability including multiple passbands, wide frequency (1–20 GHz), and bandwidth tunability (30–350 MHz) without compromising the RF performance.
Plug-and-play adaptive optics for commercial laser scanning
fluorescence microscopes based on an adaptive lens
Authors: Pozzi P. , Quintavalla M. , Wong A. B. , Borst J. G. G. , Bonora S. , Verhaegen M.
Published: May 2020

In this Letter, we present a solution for simple implementation of
adaptive optics in any existing laser scanning fluorescence
microscope. Adaptive optics are implemented by the introduction of a
multiactuator adaptive lens between the microscope body and the
objective lens. Correction is performed with a sensorless method by
optimizing the quality of the images presented on screen by the
microscope software. We present the results acquired on both a
commercial linear excitation confocal microscope and a custom-made
multiphoton excitation microscope.
Direct measurement of the coupled spatiotemporal coherence of parametric down-conversion under negative group-velocity dispersion
Authors: Cutipa Paula , Spasibko Kirill Yu. , Chekhova Maria V.
Published: May 2020

We present a direct measurement of the spatiotemporal coherence of parametric down-conversion in the range of negative group-velocity dispersion. In this case, the frequency-angular spectra are ring-shaped, and temporal coherence is coupled to spatial coherence. Correspondingly, the lack of coherence due to spatial displacement can be compensated for with the introduction of time delay. We show a simple technique, based on a modified Mach–Zehnder interferometer, which allows us to measure time coherence and near-field space coherence simultaneously, with complete control over both variables. This technique is also suitable for the measurement of second-order coherence, where the main applications are related to two-photon spectroscopy.
Free will and (in)determinism in the brain: a case for naturalized philosophy
Authors: Vervoort Louis , Blusiewicz Tomasz
Published: May 2020

In this article we study the question of free will from an interdisciplinary angle, drawing on philosophy, neurobiology and physics. We start by reviewing relevant neurobiological findings on the functioning of the brain, notably as presented in (Koch 2009); we assess these against the physics of (in)determinism. These biophysics findings seem to indicate that neuronal processes are not quantum but classical in nature. We conclude from this that there is little support for the existence of an immaterial ‘mind’, capable of ruling over matter independently of the causal past. But what, then, can free will be ? We propose a compatibilist account that resonates well with neurobiology and physics, and that highlights that free will comes in degrees – degrees which vary with the conscious grasp the ‘free’ agent has over his actions. Finally, we analyze the well-known Libet experiment on free will through the lens of our model. We submit this interdisciplinary investigation as a typical case of naturalized philosophy: in our theorizing we privilege assumptions that find evidence in science, but our conceptual work also suggests new avenues for research in a few scientific disciplines.