bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symbolic power in diplomatic practice: Matters of style in Brussels
Authors: Kuus Merje
Published: April 2015

This paper investigates the workings of symbolic power in diplomatic practice. At the level of empirical observation, it focuses on the intangible and incalculable ‘feel for the game’ that distinguishes a well-informed and relaxed insider from an ill-informed and ill-at-ease outsider in European Union (EU) diplomatic circles in Brussels. By highlighting the play of social resources, such as reputation, presence, poise, and composure in these circles, I examine EU diplomacy from an angle – symbolic power – that is often overlooked in the existing work on that field. Conceptually, the analysis focuses on the role of informal social resources rather than formal institutional structures in diplomatic practice. It also outlines the potential synergies between the study of diplomacy in international relations (IR) on the one hand and geography, anthropology, and sociology on the other. The paper thereby advances the analytical toolbox of diplomatic studies and practice theory. Such conceptual sharpening is needed, especially now that diplomacy is becoming more transnational and less linked to the foreign ministries of states.
Public diplomacy at the global level: The Alliance of Civilizations as a community of practice
Authors: Goff Patricia M
Published: April 2015

Innovative mechanisms of global governance are increasingly common, yet they defy easy categorization. The Alliance of Civilizations, a UN initiative that seeks to promote intercultural dialogue, is one such example. It is a hybrid entity that exhibits elements of networks, international organizations, and public–private partnerships, among other things. Only when we shift our gaze to its patterned activities do we discover that it might best be understood as a community of practice specializing in global-level public diplomacy. Practice-based analysis, therefore, allows a deeper understanding of the Alliance and, in turn, prompts a fresh consideration of an increasingly important form of diplomacy. I argue, in particular, that public diplomacy is not solely a national-level, state-oriented activity. In turn, this inquiry invites practice theorists to reflect on the degree of fit required to associate a unique social form with an identifiable set of patterned activities.
An Introduction to Replication Research in Gifted Education
Authors: Makel Matthew C. , Plucker Jonathan A.
Published: April 2015

This methodological brief introduces readers to replication methods and their uses. Broadly defined, replication is the duplication of previously conducted research to verify or expand the original findings. Replication is particularly useful in the gifted education context because so much education theory and research are based on general education students and environments; the extent to which this prior work extends to gifted education contexts needs to be evaluated. The rationale, definition, implementation methods, and current state of replication in the social sciences generally, as well as in giftedness and creativity research specifically, are reviewed. Finally, guidance for conducting replications is provided, including recommendations on selecting important topics, engaging original authors, ensuring sufficient power, using appropriate measures and analyses, framing the manuscript, and submission planning.
Socio-demographic differences in energy drink consumption and reasons for consumption among US college students
Authors: Poulos Natalie S , Pasch Keryn E
Published: April 2015

Background:

Energy drink consumption has become increasingly prevalent among US college students, yet little is known about current rates of consumption and reasons for consumption among current energy drink users, particularly differences related to gender and race/ethnicity.

Objectives:

To better understand energy drink consumption alone and mixed with alcohol among US undergraduate college students who currently use energy drinks.

Methods:

Participants included 330 energy drink users ( m age = 18.7; White = 48.5%; Women = 46.1%) and 229 energy drink mixed with alcohol users ( m age = 18.8; White = 51.5%; Women = 51.8%). Students completed an online survey, which measured energy drink consumption alone and energy drinks mixed with alcohol. Descriptive statistics and differences by race/ethnicity and gender are reported for patterns and reasons of use.

Results:

Among past year energy drink users, 64.9% consumed energy drinks in the past month and 38.5% consumed in the past week. The most common reasons for energy drink consumption alone included studying for an exam and taste. Among past year energy drink mixed with alcohol users, 31.9% consumed within the past month. The most common reasons to mix alcohol and energy drinks included taste and to hide the flavour of alcohol. Key findings include that young men consume energy drinks alone and mixed with alcohol more often than young women. Young men are more likely to report energy drink consumption in the past week and report reasons related to partying than young women, while non-White youth report reasons related to academic performance as compared to White youth.

Conclusion:

Consideration of patterns and reasons for energy drink consumption may help interventions to ensure appropriate behaviours are targeted and are relevant to the population.
Robust and non-fragile static output feedback control for continuous-time semi-Markovian jump systems
Authors: Wei Yanling , Peng Xiuyan , Qiu Jianbin
Published: April 2015

This paper investigates the problem of robust and non-fragile [Formula: see text] static output feedback (SOF) controller design for a class of continuous-time semi-Markovian jump linear systems (S-MJLSs) with norm-bounded uncertainties. The systems under consideration are subject to a semi-Markov stochastic process with time-varying transition rates (TRs), which relax the traditional assumption on Markovian jump linear systems (MJLSs) that all of the TRs are constant. Based on a semi-Markovian Lyapunov function together with the property of cumulative distribution function, a sufficient condition for robust [Formula: see text] performance analysis is first derived. Then via some matrix inequality linearization procedures combined with sojourn-time decomposition idea, two approaches, namely, the convex linearization approach and iterative approach, are developed to solve the robust and non-fragile SOF controller synthesis problem. It is shown that the controller gains can be obtained by solving a set of strict linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) or a sequential minimization problem subject to LMI constraints. Finally, illustrative examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Adding Insult to Injury
Authors: Baker Levi R. , McNulty James K.
Published: April 2015

Intimates regularly confront their partners to motivate them to change undesirable behaviors. Nevertheless, contextual perspectives suggest that qualities of the partner may determine the implications of such attempts. Consistent with these ideas, a pilot study of romantic relationships, an observational study of newlyweds, and a diary study of married couples demonstrated that partner depression moderates the association between confrontational partner-regulation behaviors and partners’ motivation, such that confrontational behaviors were associated with marginally greater motivation to resolve problems among partners who were experiencing relatively few depressive symptoms, but significantly less motivation among partners who were experiencing relatively more depressive symptoms. Furthermore, Study 2 provided evidence for the mechanism of these effects—relationship self-efficacy. Finally, these studies also demonstrated that benevolent behaviors were particularly motivating for partners who were experiencing more depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the important roles played by depression, relationship self-efficacy, and context in interpersonal communication.
Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using the Norwegian Knee Ligament Registry of 4691 Patients
Authors: LaPrade Christopher M. , Dornan Grant J. , Granan Lars-Petter , LaPrade Robert F. , Engebretsen Lars
Published: April 2015

Background:

While the effects of concurrent meniscal resection and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are known to decrease patient outcomes and increase the rate of osteoarthritis over the long term, overall short-term patient functional outcomes in a large cohort of patients are not well known.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to compare the preoperative and 2-year postoperative Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscale scores after ACLR with and without meniscal injury. The hypothesis was that, in comparison with an isolated ACLR, patients with a medial meniscal (MM) or lateral meniscal (LM) resection with an ACLR would have significantly decreased 2-year postoperative KOOS outcomes, while those with an ACLR with an MM or LM repair would be indistinguishable from isolated ACLR.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

The Norwegian Knee Ligament Registry (NKLR) was used to evaluate outcomes for a total of 4691 patients with primary ACLR. The KOOS scoring system was used to evaluate patients on 5 subscales (Pain, Other Symptoms, Activities of Daily Life [ADL], Sport and Recreation Function, and Quality of Life [QoL]) at time of surgery and at 2-year postoperative follow-up. Patients with isolated ACLR and ACLR with LM repair, LM resection, MM repair, or MM resection were compared using multiple linear regression modeling.

Results:

Preoperatively, in comparison with isolated ACLR, patients who had an ACLR with either an MM repair or MM resection had significantly lower scores for all KOOS subscores, and LM repair had significantly decreased scores on the Other Symptoms, Pain, and ADL subscales. Postoperatively, in comparison with isolated ACLR, 2-year KOOS outcomes were not significantly different between patients with ACLR and LM repair, MM resection, or LM resection; however, those with MM repair had significantly lower scores on the Other Symptoms and QoL subscales.

Conclusion:

Patients with ACLR with meniscal resections do not exhibit decreased clinical outcomes at 2 years postoperatively. It is recommended that clinicians follow patients with ACLR and concurrent meniscal treatment for longer than 2 years postoperatively.
The Integration of Micro and Macro Practice
Authors: Hahn Sur Ah , Scanlon Edward
Published: April 2015

The domestic violence (DV) field has long been known for its commitment to the integration of micro- and macro-level practice. This study explores the views of social workers providing clinical services within DV agencies in order to shed light on the ways in which they intellectually resolve the tensions inherent in carrying out the dual mission. Following the review of historical debates on professionalization of the field, the analysis focuses on clinical social workers’ efforts to construct integrated practices while responding to the historical context of feminism, which has shaped their agencies and the movement in the field.
Korean Secondary School Students’ Occupational Preferences Across School Types
Authors: Kim Kyung-Nyun
Published: April 2015

This study considers the specificity of 3,136 Korean students’ occupational preferences during secondary school and examines whether the types of high school are related to the crystallization in occupational preferences by applying binary growth models. Based on Super’s developmental stage, this study shows that students largely formulate solid occupational preferences in a broad occupational scheme rather than a specific one. Around the second year of high school, students’ preferences gain more specificity, and they start to formulate a pattern for specific occupational preferences. Of note is that the crystallization of occupational preferences differs by high school type. Students of vocational high schools hold specifically consistent but broadly inconsistent occupational preferences.
Thermal impact on the control and the efficiency of the 2010 Toyota Prius hybrid electric vehicle
Authors: Kim Namwook , Rousseau Aymeric
Published: April 2015

Since introduction of the Prius to the Japanese automotive market in 1997, Toyota has sold more than 1 million of these hybrid electric vehicles in the USA and 3 million in the worldwide market up to 2013. The market penetration of the vehicle has been successful because it provides outstanding fuel economy. However, the reduction in the vehicle’s efficiency under severe weather conditions, especially when the weather is very cold, has not been carefully investigated. The engine’s fuel efficiency decreases when the engine is cooled during use in the electric drive mode, or the battery’s efficiency is also degraded under cold weather conditions. Whereas the impacts of the thermal conditions on the fuel economies of vehicles are being increasingly emphasized, an analysis of these impacts has not been conducted widely because this type of analysis needs to be based on test results obtained from a well-designed environmental chamber that can simulate different thermal conditions. The Advanced Powertrain Research Facility at Argonne National Laboratory has equipped its environmental thermal chamber appropriately and has tested the 2010 Toyota Prius at different ambient room temperatures (−7 ºC, 22 ºC, and 35 ºC). On the basis of the test results, the findings include the fact that the control behavior changes significantly according to the thermal conditions. For instance, the controller forces the engine to be turned on if the engine coolant temperature is below 53 ºC. In addition to the thermal impacts on the controller, performance degradation of the powertrain components and the fuel efficiency levels of the vehicle are also analyzed using the test results. Although this study does not advance a novel idea, the information provided herein should be very useful to researchers seeking to understand controller behavior in the real world under different thermal conditions.
A Sniff of Happiness
Authors: de Groot Jasper H. B. , Smeets Monique A. M. , Rowson Matt J. , Bulsing Patricia J. , Blonk Cor G. , Wilkinson Joy E. , Semin Gün R.
Published: April 2015

It is well known that feelings of happiness transfer between individuals through mimicry induced by vision and hearing. The evidence is inconclusive, however, as to whether happiness can be communicated through the sense of smell via chemosignals. As chemosignals are a known medium for transferring negative emotions from a sender to a receiver, we examined whether chemosignals are also involved in the transmission of positive emotions. Positive emotions are important for overall well-being and yet relatively neglected in research on chemosignaling, arguably because of the stronger survival benefits linked with negative emotions. We observed that exposure to body odor collected from senders of chemosignals in a happy state induced a facial expression and perceptual-processing style indicative of happiness in the receivers of those signals. Our findings suggest that not only negative affect but also a positive state (happiness) can be transferred by means of odors.
Childhood Self-Control and Unemployment Throughout the Life Span
Authors: Daly Michael , Delaney Liam , Egan Mark , Baumeister Roy F.
Published: April 2015

The capacity for self-control may underlie successful labor-force entry and job retention, particularly in times of economic uncertainty. Analyzing unemployment data from two nationally representative British cohorts ( N = 16,780), we found that low self-control in childhood was associated with the emergence and persistence of unemployment across four decades. On average, a 1- SD increase in self-control was associated with a reduction in the probability of unemployment of 1.4 percentage points after adjustment for intelligence, social class, and gender. From labor-market entry to middle age, individuals with low self-control experienced 1.6 times as many months of unemployment as those with high self-control. Analysis of monthly unemployment data before and during the 1980s recession showed that individuals with low self-control experienced the greatest increases in unemployment during the recession. Our results underscore the critical role of self-control in shaping life-span trajectories of occupational success and in affecting how macroeconomic conditions affect unemployment levels in the population.
Le Palais du mandarin (2009) de Thanh-Van Tran-Nhut : Espace culinaire vietnamien et récupération postcoloniale
Authors: Do Tess
Published: April 2015

Le Palais du mandarin est un recueil de nouvelles fictives et autobiographiques où, pour la première fois, l’auteure de polars Tran-Nhut abandonne le genre du roman policier historique et le Vietnam du XVIIe siècle pour se tourner vers des histoires de bouche et le Vietnam contemporain. Ce changement de genre littéraire et de cadre spatiotemporel recentre l’espace culinaire vietnamien au cœur d’une problématique récurrente chez l’auteure, celle de (di)gérer le passé colonial de son pays natal. À la lumière de la théorie du yin et du yang, principe d’harmonie dans la cuisine vietnamienne, et des anciens cultes et croyances du peuple vietnamien, cet article montre que c’est la cuisinière qui détient le pouvoir symbolique de réinventer, à travers ses plats équilibrés, un Vietnam précolonial et unifié. Dans cette optique, écrire, comme manger et cuisiner à la vietnamienne, s’avère être pour l’auteure un acte de résistance et de récupération postcoloniales.
Le commerce des vins de Bourgogne à la conquête des concessions françaises en Chine au début du XXe siècle
Authors: Lucand Christophe
Published: April 2015

Produits de luxe intégrant les marchés les plus sélectifs d’Europe, les vins fins de Bourgogne accompagnent dès la fin du XIXe siècle l’extension coloniale française à partir de circuits commerciaux irrigant tout l’Empire. Mais c’est la Chine et ses enclaves et concessions coloniales qui, au seuil du XXe siècle, alimentent toutes les convoitises d’un négoce bourguignon porté par sa quête de marchés lointains et captifs. Pourtant, la volonté d’étendre ce commerce auprès d’une société totalement étrangère au modèle agro-foncier français soulève les plus grandes inquiétudes. Les stratégies de conversion des populations chinoises locales aux références vitivinicoles bourguignonnes principalement définies par leurs identifications foncières échouent face aux alcools concurrents portés par des marques commerciales. En moins de trente ans, l’échec du commerce des vins de Bourgogne dans les concessions françaises de Chine exprime l’évidence de l’impasse progressive du processus colonial français dans cette région du monde.
How ‘natives’ ate at colonial exhibitions in 1889, 1900 and 1931
Authors: Tran Van Troi
Published: April 2015

A lot has been written on the cultural and ideological implications of French ‘human zoos’ and the ‘natives’ from the French colonies who were displayed in colonial exhibitions. Not much has been said, however, about what and how those ‘natives’ ate and drank as they were transported to Paris for the international exhibitions. In this article, I would like to draw attention to the politics of food consumption at the Paris colonial expositions of 1889, 1900 and 1931. Shared meals and official banquets were performances of colonial integration, and hygiene and food safety measures in connection with what the ‘natives’ ate and drank could be interpreted as part of the mission civilisatrice. However, I also want to show that food – exotic food – can also be an unruly object on the pacified space of the international exhibition: a generator of disgust or revulsion that may be a dissonant element within the smooth narratives of French colonialism.
Introduction: Colonial culinary encounters and imperial leftovers
Authors: Durmelat Sylvie
Published: April 2015

This introductory article reassesses the understudied and critical role of food in French (post)colonial studies. Through the examples of Banania and the French ‘gastronomic civilising mission’, it investigates the links between the development of new tastes and the establishment, success, maintenance and limits of empire, both abroad and at home. This special issue, entitled ‘Food and the French Empire’, shows that the production, circulation, preparation and consumption of food shaped and were shaped by imperial ideologies and forms of domination. Conversely, food circulation tangibly delineates variations within and across empires, as well as the limitations and long-term ramifications of imperialism as an ideology and enterprise. The special issue encompasses specific foodstuffs, cuisines and food practices from early empire to post-immigration, across the French colonial empire. It shows the persistent relevance of colonial alimentary exploitation to the understanding of contemporary, global food systems.
Sir John Fisher and the Policy of Strategic Deterrence, 1904–1908
Authors: Dunley Richard
Published: April 2015

This article shows how Sir John Fisher, together with Edward VII, sought to use Britain’s naval strength as a tool of deterrence against Germany. By highlighting the Royal Navy’s strength and German vulnerability, they tried to convince policymakers in Berlin that war was not in German interests. This attitude underpinned much of Fisher’s naval policy and helps to explain some of his more extreme statements and actions, which have been the source of certain contradictions within the current historiography.
Enforced Diaspora: The Fate of Italian Prisoners of War during the Second World War
Authors: Moore Bob
Published: April 2015

During the Second World War over 1 million Italian servicemen were taken prisoner by the major belligerent powers, and their captivity was ultimately spread over four continents. This study analyses the processes and decisions that led to this diaspora, highlighting the economic imperatives that governed captor policies and which often overrode political, diplomatic, and security concerns.
Stronger inspection incentives, less crime? Further experimental evidence on inspection games
Authors: Rauhut Heiko
Published: April 2015

When do more severe punishments not deter crimes and when are stronger incentives for control personnel ineffective to motive control? This contribution shows when incentives for crime control have paradoxical effects. It follows from game theoretical reasoning that the opposed interests between criminals and inspectors lead to strategies where both seek to outsmart each other. If both do so, ego’s incentives only affect alter’s behavior. This “strategic incentive effect” implies that higher punishments do not cause fewer crimes, but fewer inspections. This was experimentally corroborated by Rauhut in 2009. The second implication is that stronger inspection incentives do not cause more inspections, but fewer crimes. This paper studies the second implication under farsighted strategic actors, shows its robustness by agent-based simulations of backward-looking learning and provides experimental evidence. In the laboratory experiment, 200 subjects were partitioned into “citizens” who could steal money from each other and “inspectors” who could invest in inspection to detect criminal citizens. Results confirm that stronger inspection incentives cause less crime. However, actors are less strategic than predicted: stronger inspection incentives also cause more inspections. This is discussed by differentiating between the “strategic incentive-effect”, where ego’s incentives only affect alter’s behavior and the “own incentive-effect”, where ego’s incentives also affect ego’s behavior. Conclusions discuss alternative models of rationality and heuristics and how the presented findings may be used for constructing novel theories on crime and social norms. Policy implications are also discussed.
The Impact of Nursing Students’ Cultural Diversity on the Intention and Attitudes Toward the Use of Information Technology
Authors: Gonen Ayala , Sharon Dganit , Lev-Ari Lilac , Strauss Ester , Segev Ronen
Published: April 2015

This research highlights the evidences that: The greater the threat, the lower the attitude toward information technology is, and the greater the sense of challenge, the greater self-efficacy is. Innovativeness was found to be a behavioral intention predictor in two groups, secular Jews and Arabs. This study provides nurses and nurse educators with some valuable insights about how culture, religion, and education may influence nursing students’ attitudes toward information technology.
Opportunities and Constraints in Disseminating Qualitative Research in Web 2.0 Virtual Environments
Authors: Hays Charles A. , Spiers Judith A. , Paterson Barbara
Published: April 2015

The Web 2.0 digital environment is revolutionizing how users communicate and relate to each other, and how information is shared, created, and recreated within user communities. The social media technologies in the Web 2.0 digital ecosystem are fundamentally changing the opportunities and dangers in disseminating qualitative health research. The social changes influenced by digital innovations shift dissemination from passive consumption to user-centered, apomediated cooperative approaches, the features of which are underutilized by many qualitative researchers. We identify opportunities new digital media presents for knowledge dissemination activities including access to wider audiences with few gatekeeper constraints, new perspectives, and symbiotic relationships between researchers and users. We also address some of the challenges in embracing these technologies including lack of control, potential for unethical co-optation of work, and cyberbullying. Finally, we offer solutions to enhance research dissemination in sustainable, ethical, and effective strategies.
Promising Practices in the Preparation of Special Educators to Provide Reading Instruction
Authors: Sayeski Kristin L. , Gormley Budin Shannon E. , Bennett Katie
Published: April 2015

The majority of students with disabilities require support in the area of reading. Given the importance of reading instruction, it is essential that special education teacher preparation programs prepare candidates who are knowledgeable about reading development and skilled in the delivery of reading instruction. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, an overview of key concepts related to reading acquisition and the implications for what special education candidates should know about reading development and instruction is provided. Second, a review of promising practices in higher education that support special education candidates’ knowledge and skills related to reading is presented. Finally, future directions that will enhance candidates’ ability to successfully identify and remediate reading difficulties are discussed.
The Role of Mentors in Developing and Implementing High-Quality Field-Based Placements
Authors: Paulsen Kim , DaFonte Alexandra , Barton-Arwood Sally
Published: April 2015

Teacher preparation programs (TPP) rely on school-based mentor teachers and university mentors to assist their teacher candidates with bridging the information presented in courses to the “real world” of teaching. Given the important role that the clinical components of teacher preparation provide in terms of candidate development, the variation across TPPs in terms of support provided for mentor teachers (from minimal to extensive) is pronounced. This article describes how one university delivered comprehensive training for mentors that reflects research-recommended practices in mentoring and delivery of special education practices. Outcomes from mentors, faculty, and teacher candidates are presented to illustrate how other TPPs can increase the level of support provided for mentor teachers and university mentors.
Entrepreneurship, Togetherness, and Emotions
Authors: Martí Ignasi , Fernández Pablo
Published: April 2015

Studying entrepreneurship in the context of recession and (post)crisis opens up a set of important questions regarding the relationship between entrepreneuring, social relations, and social change. In drawing upon insights from a 2-year ethnographic study of the Spanish’s Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (Mortgage Victims Platform), known as the PAH, this article centers on the mobilization of rather unlikely citizens to a process in which most of them never thought they would be part of. We suggest that a renewed engagement with such insights regarding the emergence of new forms of organizing, the development of (new?) forms of relationality and being together, and the role of different forms of emotions in hindering/favoring agency, offers important avenues to enrich entrepreneurship research.
Going the Extra Mile
Authors: Littman-Ovadia Hadassah , Lavy Shiri
Published: April 2015

Character strengths are durable positive attributes that contribute to well-being in life and at work. They are also hypothesized to contribute to the growth and flourishing of individuals and organizations. However, their associations with work performance and counterproductive work behaviors have rarely been studied. The present study seeks to identify character strengths most highly associated with work performance and counterproductive work behaviors and explores the role of individuals’ sense of meaning at work and work orientation in mediating these associations. An international sample ( N = 686) completed the measures of strengths endorsement, work performance, counterproductive work behaviors, sense of meaning at work, and work orientation. Results pointed to perseverance as most highly associated with work performance and most negatively associated with counterproductive work behaviors. These associations were mediated by working individuals’ sense of meaning at work and perceptions of work as a career and as a calling. These findings highlight the contribution of perseverance to work performance and counterproductive behaviors, beyond the role of other character strengths, and highlight work meaningfulness and work orientation as psychological mechanisms underlying its effects.
A Short Form of the Career Interest Test
Authors: Bartlett Cristy , Perera Harsha N. , McIlveen Peter
Published: April 2015

The Career Interest Test (CIT) is a 63-item forced-choice instrument designed to measure seven career interests. Although the measure possesses favorable psychometric properties, there have been recent calls for the development of a shortened version of the inventory. The present article reports on research conducted to develop a short form of the CIT. Using archival data from over 180,000 respondents, categorical confirmatory factor analyses were conducted with limited information methods. Items with the highest absolute factor loadings for each career interest were retained for the short form of the inventory, comprising 21 items, and renamed the 21-CIT. The large within-subject correlations between career interest scores on the full CIT and 21-CIT indicate that the short form provides a comparable degree of content coverage for the career interests. We consider implications for career research and practice as well as suggest directions for future research.
The AMPK Agonist PT1 and mTOR Inhibitor 3HOI-BA-01 Protect Cardiomyocytes After Ischemia Through Induction of Autophagy
Authors: Huang Ling , Dai Kai , Chen Manhua , Zhou Wenping , Wang Xiaoling , Chen Jing , Zhou Wei
Published: April 2015

Myocardial ischemia has become one of the main causes of sudden cardiac death worldwide. Autophagy has been demonstrated to protect cardiomyocytes from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced damage. A novel small molecule compound 2-Chloro-5-[[5-[[5-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl]methylene]-4,5-dihydro-4-oxo-2-thiazolyl]amino]benzoic acid (PT1) has been previously shown to specifically activate 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Because AMPK activation effectively induces autophagy, we tested the protective efficacy of PT1 on cardiomyocytes after oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro. Mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes were treated with PT1 after OGD/R. 3-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-oxo-3-buten-1-yl]-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (3HOI-BA-01), a novel small compound showing potent inhibitory effect on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, was also tested for its cardioprotective effect, based on the established relationship between mTOR signaling and autophagy. Cell survival and autophagy-related signal pathways were examined after treatment with these agents. Our data indicate that both PT1 and 3HOI-BA-01 enhance cell survival after OGD/R. As expected, both PT1 and 3HOI-BA-01 induced autophagy in cardiomyocytes through activating AMPK pathway and inhibiting mTOR signaling, respectively. Induction of autophagy by PT1 and 3HOI-BA-01 was responsible for their cardioprotective effect, since inhibition of autophagy abolished the protective efficacy. Furthermore, simultaneous administration of PT1 and 3HOI-BA-01 profoundly upregulated autophagy after OGD/R and significantly promoted survival of cardiomyocytes. In vivo administration of PT1 and 3HOI-BA-01 in a murine myocardial (I/R injury model remarkably reduced infarct size and induced autophagy. Taken together, our research suggests that PT1 and 3HOI-BA-01 could be promising therapeutic agents for myocardial ischemia.
Three Perspectives to Support Public Decision-Making and Procurement of Care Services and Technologies
Authors: Hanski Jyri , Lanne Marinka , Hämäläinen Päivi , Jännes Jere
Published: April 2015

Decisions on procurement or production of services and technologies for the elderly have become a major point of interest for municipalities, as the share of elderly people of the population as a whole and the costs of elderly care are continuing to rise in the majority of countries. Traditionally, in public tenders, the acquisition price is emphasised instead of the life cycle costs and benefits. However, a more holistic contemplation of costs and benefits would improve the quality of procurement considerably. In addition, the perspectives of different stakeholders and co-operation between public and private actors should be taken into account more extensively. The goal of the study is to describe how the costs and benefits of elderly services can be analysed more holistically and used to support the decision-making, taking into consideration the different stakeholder perspectives. In this article, the costs and benefits are analysed in three case studies. The cases highlight the different perspectives that should be taken into account while making decisions on the procurement of services or technologies.
Behavioral Observations of Parents With ADHD During Parent Training
Authors: Babinski Dara E. , Waxmonsky James G. , Waschbusch Daniel A. , Pelham William E.
Published: April 2015

Objective: Several studies suggest that parental ADHD impedes behavioral parent training (BPT) outcomes. Parental ADHD symptoms exhibited during BPT may interfere with the acquisition of new skills. This study explored the observed behavior of parents with ADHD during BPT. Method: Parents of children with ADHD attending group BPT completed self-ratings of their ADHD symptoms. Parents indicating a moderate level of ADHD symptoms were administered a clinical interview, and 37.3% of parents met ADHD criteria based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) clinician-rated symptom counts. Results: Parents with high ADHD symptoms displayed more total and off-task violations compared with parents with low ADHD symptoms, although no significant differences emerged for other behaviors (i.e., working quietly, using materials appropriately, and remaining in seat), absences, or tardiness. Conclusion: Parental ADHD symptoms were manifested during BPT. Future research should clarify the nature of parental behavior in BPT as a possible mechanism explaining the relation between parental ADHD and impaired BPT outcomes.
The Role of Body Image in the Link Between ADHD and Depression Symptoms Among College Students
Authors: Van Eck Kathryn , Morse Melanie , Flory Kate
Published: April 2015

Objective: Given the link between negative body image and depression symptoms, body image may affect the association between ADHD and depression symptoms. We evaluated the degree to which a variety of body image constructs mediated the association between ADHD and depression symptoms. Method: Participants were undergraduate psychology students ( N = 627, age: M = 20.23, SD = 1.40, 60% female, 47% European American) who completed an online assessment. Results: Results indicated that ADHD symptoms were indirectly associated with increased depression symptoms, and that negative evaluation of physical appearance, overweight preoccupation, and body dissatisfaction mediated the association between ADHD and depression symptoms. ADHD symptoms were also directly associated with increased depression symptoms. Conclusion: Body image appears to play a role in the association between ADHD and depression symptoms for college students. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Supporting Comprehensive, Integrated, Three-Tiered Models of Prevention in Schools
Authors: Lane Kathleen Lynne , Carter Erik W. , Jenkins Abbie , Dwiggins Lauren , Germer Kathryn
Published: April 2015

We report findings from a statewide survey of 365 site-level administrators developed to (a) learn about the extent to which schools across the state were implementing components of multi-tiered systems of support and (b) determine the areas in which these schools might need professional development or resources to support them. At least half of the administrators indicated a high level of implementation for all Tier 1 features, with the exception of instruction in school-wide behavioral expectations. Tier 2 and Tier 3 behavioral and social supports were reportedly less fully implemented than those focused on academic domains. Most differences between elementary and secondary schools existed in Tier 1 features, with implementation occurring more fully in elementary schools. More than half of the administrators indicated a high level of implementation of the 15 research-based educational practices and supports examined, with a statistically significant relation between administrators’ ratings of currently implemented practices and the desire for support for all educational practices and supports except for increasing behavior-specific praise. In terms of potential venues for professional development and learning, in-district, during-school workshops and practices guides were rated most favorably. We discuss avenues for supporting schools with implementation.
Relationship Between School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports and Academic, Attendance, and Behavior Outcomes in High Schools
Authors: Freeman Jennifer , Simonsen Brandi , McCoach D. Betsy , Sugai George , Lombardi Allison , Horner Robert
Published: April 2015

Attendance, behavior, and academic outcomes are important indicators of school effectiveness and long-term student outcomes. Multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS), such as School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS), have emerged as potentially effective frameworks for addressing student needs and improving student outcomes. Much of the research on SWPBIS outcomes has taken place at the elementary and middle school levels, leaving a need for a more thorough examination of outcomes at the high school level. The purpose of this study was to explore the links between implementation of SWPBIS and academic, attendance, and behavior outcome measures across a large sample of high schools from 37 states. Despite some of the difficulties of SWPBIS implementation at the high school level, evidence suggests positive relationships between SWPBIS implementation and outcomes in behavior and attendance for high schools that implement with fidelity.
Integrating Universal Behavioral Screening Within Program-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
Authors: Burke Mack D. , Rispoli Mandy , Clemens Nathan H. , Lee Yuan-Hsuan , Sanchez Lisa , Hatton Heather
Published: April 2015

Universal behavioral screening is a major part of positive behavioral support and response to intervention systems. Program-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) focuses on establishing social, emotional, and behavioral competence through promotion of a small set of behavioral expectations that are agreed upon, taught, and reinforced by all teachers across all settings. This study explored the validity of a novel approach to universal screening in program-wide PBIS whereby a “brief” screening tool for determining behavioral risk was developed using child adherence to program-wide behavioral expectations. Sixty-five children in a Head Start center were screened using an expectation-based screening procedure developed from the program-wide expectations. Two standardized emotional and behavioral rating scales were then administered as criterions. Results revealed convergent associations between the extent of children’s adherence to program-wide expectations and the standardized criterion instruments in risk areas associated with hyperactivity, conduct, and externalizing problems. Classification accuracy analyses provided preliminary support for predicting several domains of behavioral risk.
A retrospective study of judicial encounters of young adults with congenital heart disease
Authors: Malpas Theresa M , George Susan M , Kaisar Jillian M , Radford Dorothy J
Published: April 2015

Young people with congenital heart disease are often marginalised and may compensate for restricted physical and social abilities by substance abuse or risk-taking behaviour. We report on the judicial encounters of patients in an Adult Congenital Heart unit. Fifteen patients had court appearances and all were male. Seven served jail sentences, including four indigenous adolescents. All had multiple interventions for their cardiac conditions and four are now deceased. The majority of patients had mental health issues and substance misuse. These patients need psychological and medical support, and help with judicial authorities. Recommendations for ongoing care are provided.
Patients’ long-term experiences following obesity surgery with a focus on eating behaviour: A qualitative study
Authors: Wood Kerry V , Ogden Jane
Published: April 2015

This study explored long-term consequences of obesity surgery. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse transcripts of 10 interviews with patients who underwent surgery 8 or more years ago. Experiences were described under three broad themes: eating behaviours, relationship with food and quality of life. Although patients described variability within these themes, describing different patterns of change, analysis revealed associations between themes and outcomes. In particular, those who reported successful weight loss also described the functionalization of food, the development of new coping strategies and a process of positive reinvention creating a new sense of self.
Mid-term Results of Oxford Phase 3 Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasties at a Small-Volume Center
Authors: Miettinen S. S. A. , Torssonen S. K. , Miettinen H. J. A. , Soininvaara T.
Published: April 2015

Background and Aims:

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is considered as an alternative to total knee arthroplasty for patients who have osteoarthritis limited to the medial compartment of the knee. The aim of this retrospective study was to find out clinical and radiological outcomes and related complications using the Oxford phase 3 prosthesis at a small-volume center.

Material and methods:

In all, 95 Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (87 patients) were performed between 2000 and 2010 in North Karelia Central Hospital. Of these, five patients had undergone revision surgery. In all, 52 unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (46 patients) participated in this study. The mean age of patients was 61.4 years, and 78.2% of patients were females. Pain and function levels were evaluated by using the Knee Society score. Radiographic analyses were performed on preoperative and postoperative and follow-up radiographs.

Results and Conclusions:

The mean follow-up time was 6.5 years, and the Kaplan–Meier estimated 9-year implant survival rate was 88.9% (95% confidence interval = 78.7%–99.1%). The median Knee Society score of 77 (range: 18–93) at follow-up was considered good (range: 70–79). In this study, we found out that medial knee pain remains in 10% of unicompartmental knee arthroplasties several years after surgery, although the reason for the pain remained unclear. These mid-term results are promising, and good results can be achieved also at a small-volume center when strict patient selection is followed.
Mapping the sports journalism field: Bourdieu and broadsheet newsrooms
Authors: English Peter
Published: April 2015

Sports journalism is an important part of contemporary media, but it is a sector that has not received the detailed analysis of other areas of the industry. Utilising Bourdieu’s field theory, this study locates sports journalism in the journalistic field before mapping the sports journalism field in the context of broadsheet/quality news organisations. It achieves this by examining the sports departments of six media outlets in Australia, India and the United Kingdom. In-depth interviews with 36 sports journalists and a content analysis of 4541 web and print articles are employed to focus on issues such as content, publishing applications and approaches, workloads, and commercial factors. This allows an investigation of sports journalism at national, organisational and individual levels. The results show economic capital is a dominant factor in sports journalism.
Shifting journalistic roles in democratic transitions: Lessons from Egypt
Authors: el Issawi Fatima , Cammaerts Bart
Published: April 2015

While in the case of the Arab Spring the focus of research and debate was very much on the role of social media in enabling political change both during the uprisings and in their immediate aftermath, the impact of traditional national mass media and journalism on framing this political change has been less addressed. In this article, we investigate the role of Egyptian journalists in shaping Egypt’s complex and fast-moving political transition. Based on a thematic analysis of in-depth interviews and a conceptual framework building on Christians et al.’s normative roles of the media, it can be concluded that the monitorial and facilitative roles, which were prevalent in the early stages of the post-Mubarak era, were quickly overturned in favor of a radical and collaborative role. Egyptian journalists working in private media thus demonized their political adversaries, mainly the Islamists, transforming this political ‘other’ into the ultimate enemy. At the same time, the new military regime was being revered and celebrated. This arguably contributed to further destabilize the fragile transition to democracy. It is furthermore concluded that for democracy to succeed in an Egyptian context, antagonistic political conflicts need to be transformed into agonistic ones both at the level of political culture and media culture.