bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of acoustic waves by a broadband metagrating
Authors: Wang Yihe , Cheng Ying , Liu Xiaojun
Published: May 2019

Metasurface has recently attracted a lot of attentions for controlling wave fields. Based on the diffraction effects of phase gratings, we demonstrate a broadband acoustic metagrating which can concentrate the diffracted waves in the first (±1) orders and achieve multifunctional wave steering such as broadband anomalous diffraction. In the acoustic metagrating, the subwavelength rectangular waveguides (SRWs) function as the periodic elements to replace the fences in ordinary gratings. Thus, we can achieve a group of phase delay from 0 to 2π independently with frequency just by reconfiguring the relative locations of the effective apertures. With the iterative algorithm, the acoustic metagrating can be used to record the phase profile and then control the output waveform. We further demonstrate that the broadband metagrating can be used to achieve the acoustic Gaussian beam. By rotating the periodic elements into a two-dimensional structure, the Bessel beam is further obtained.
Intravital imaging allows real-time characterization of tissue resident eosinophils
Authors: Chojnacki Andrew , Wojcik Katarzyna , Petri Björn , Aulakh Gurpreet , Jacobsen Elizabeth A. , LeSuer William E. , Colarusso Pina , Patel Kamala D.
Published: May 2019

Eosinophils are core components of the immune system, yet tools are lacking to directly observe eosinophils in action in vivo. To better understand the role of tissue resident eosinophils, we used eosinophil-specific CRE (eoCRE) mice to create GFP and tdTomato reporters. We then employed intravital microscopy to examine the dynamic behaviour of eosinophils in the healthy GI tract, mesentery, liver, lymph node, skin and lung. Given the role of eosinophils in allergic airway diseases, we also examined eosinophils in the lung following ovalbumin sensitization and challenge. We were able to monitor and quantify eosinophilic behaviours including patrolling, crawling, clustering, tissue distribution and interactions with other leukocytes. Thus, these reporter mice allow eosinophils to be examined in real-time in living animals, paving the way to further understanding the roles eosinophils play in both health and disease.
A new visual immunoassay for prostate-specific antigen using near-infrared excited CuxS nanocrystals and imaging on a smartphone
Authors: Lv Shuzhen , Zhang Kangyao , Tang Dianping
Published: May 2019

A photothermal immune-imaging assay was innovatively designed for the visual quantitative detection of cancer biomarkers by coupling CuxS nanocrystals with a portable infrared thermal imager on a smartphone.
Vertical flow assays based on core–shell SERS nanotags for multiplex prostate cancer biomarker detection
Authors: Chen Ruipeng , Liu Bing , Ni Haibin , Chang Ning , Luan Chengxin , Ge Qinyu , Dong Jian , Zhao Xiangwei
Published: May 2019

A core–shell SERS nanotag based VFA with a single test spot for multiplex biomarker detection at pg mL−1 level with a wide LDR.
A wide-range of redox states of core-modified expanded porphyrinoids
Authors: Ambhore Madan D. , Basavarajappa Ashokkumar , Anand Venkataramanarao G.
Published: May 2019

Core-modified hexaphyrin and octaphyrin display four- and six-electron reversible redox reactions respectively, to alternate between aromatic and anti-aromatic states of a given macrocycle.
Two-step template method for synthesis of axis-length-controlled porphyrin-containing hollow structures
Authors: Chiba Yusuke , Oka Yuki , Masai Hiroshi , Matsuda Wakana , Fujihara Tetsuaki , Tsuji Yasushi , Terao Jun
Published: May 2019

π-Conjugated porphyrin-containing hollow structures with defined axis-length were successfully synthesized by a two-step template method, i.e., template-assisted cyclization and oligomerization.
DNAzyme activated protein-scaffolded CRISPR–Cas9 nanoassembly for genome editing
Authors: Zhu Xueli , Lv Meng-Mei , Liu Jin-Wen , Yu Ru-Qin , Jiang Jian-Hui
Published: May 2019

A novel self-assembled protein-scaffolded CRISPR–Cas9 nanosystem for facile and efficient gene editing in a DNAzyme-controlled manner has been developed.
A novel red-emitting La2CaHfO6:Mn4+ phosphor based on double perovskite structure for pc-WLEDs lighting
Authors: Xing Gongcheng , Feng Yuxin , Gao Zhiyu , Tao Mengxuan , Wang Hongquan , Wei Yi , Molokeev Maxim S. , Li Guogang
Published: May 2019

Novel narrow red-emitting double perovskite phosphor La2CaHfO6:Mn4+ for pc-WLEDs lighting.
How does the flexibility of pyrrolidinium cations affect the phase behaviour of 1-alkyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide homologues under stressful conditions?
Authors: Koyama Yoshihiro , Matsuishi Kiyoto , Takekiyo Takahiro , Abe Hiroshi , Yoshimura Yukihiro
Published: May 2019

We conducted high-pressure Raman spectroscopy measurements on a series of 1-alkyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide homologues at room temperature.
Physical effects of dietary fibre on simulated luminal flow, studied byin vitrodynamic gastrointestinal digestion and fermentation
Authors: Tamargo Alba , Cueva Carolina , Alvarez M. Dolores , Herranz Beatriz , Moreno-Arribas M. Victoria , Laguna Laura
Published: May 2019

During the transit through the gastrointestinal tract, fibre undergoes physical changes not usually included inin vitrodigestion studies even though they influence nutrient diffusion and might play a role in gut microbiota growth.
A designer natural deep eutectic solvent to recycle the cofactor in alcohol dehydrogenase-catalysed processes
Authors: Mourelle-Insua Ángela , Lavandera Iván , Gotor-Fernández Vicente
Published: May 2019

A natural deep eutectic solvent composed by choline chloride and glucose has been used as both cosolvent and cofactor regenerating system for alcohol dehydrogenase-catalysed bioreductions.
Fiber-supported Fe(iii) complex catalyst in spinning basket reactor for cleaner ring-opening of epoxides with alcohols
Authors: Shi Xian-Lei , Sun Benyu , Hu Qianqian , Chen Yongju , Duan Peigao
Published: May 2019

An available, nontoxic, efficient, recyclable and gram-scaleable fiber-supported Fe(iii) complex catalyst in spinning basket reactor for cleaner ring-opening reactions.
Nitrogen and sulfur dual-doped graphene as an efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Zhao Cuie , Li Jinxiang , Chen Yan , Chen Jianyu
Published: May 2019

In this study, nitrogen- and sulfur-codoped graphene (N/S-G) was prepared and used as an efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in microbial fuel cells (MFCs), exhibiting a maximum power density of 1368 mW m−2, relatively higher than that of commercial Pt/C.
A new method for the in situ assay of α-glucosidase activity and inhibitor screening through an enzyme substrate-mediated DNA hybridization chain reaction
Authors: Yue Xiquan , Su Lihong , Chen Xu , Liu Junfeng , Zheng Longpo , Zhang Juan
Published: May 2019

The strategy is based on small molecule-mediated hybridization chain reaction.
Universal conductance fluctuations and phase-coherent transport in a semiconductor Bi2O2Se nanoplate with strong spin–orbit interaction
Authors: Meng Mengmeng , Huang Shaoyun , Tan Congwei , Wu Jinxiong , Li Xiaobo , Peng Hailin , Xu H. Q.
Published: May 2019

Universal conductance fluctuations and spin–orbit interaction induced reduction in fluctuation amplitudes have been observed for the first time in the magnetotransport measurements of a Bi2O2Se nanoplate.
Stellerite-seeded facile synthesis of zeolite heulandite with exceptional aqueous Cd2+ capture performance
Authors: Wang Yunzheng , Bai Pu , Jin Zhuwei , Li Yan , Li Yaorui , Shi Wei , Zhou Xue , Xu Jun , Yan Wenfu , Xu Ruren
Published: May 2019

Zeolite heulandite (HEU) with high aqueous Cd2+ sorption capacity was synthesized with the assistance of natural zeolite stellerite (STI) seeds.
Borohydride-containing coordination polymers: synthesis, air stability and dehydrogenation
Authors: Kadota Kentaro , Duong Nghia Tuan , Nishiyama Yusuke , Sivaniah Easan , Kitagawa Susumu , Horike Satoshi
Published: May 2019

Borohydride-containing coordination polymers are synthesized. Both high dehydrogenation reactivity and high air stability are achieved by crystal engineering.
Direct triplet sensitization of oligothiophene by quantum dots
Authors: Xu Zihao , Jin Tao , Huang Yiming , Mulla Karimulla , Evangelista Francesco A. , Egap Eilaf , Lian Tianquan
Published: May 2019

Triplet energy transfer from quantum dots takes advantage of small energy loss during intersystem crossing.
Bioinspired self-assembled films of carboxymethyl cellulose–dopamine/montmorillonite
Authors: Guo Tianyu , Gu Lihui , Zhang Yu , Chen Hui , Jiang Bo , Zhao Huifang , Jin Yongcan , Xiao Huining
Published: May 2019

Biomimetic nanocomposites were prepared via MTM intercalated with dopamine-conjugated CMC, leading to materials with super wet strength and high flame retardancy.
Monolayer GaS with high ion mobility and capacity as a promising anode battery material
Authors: Zhang Xiuying , Yang Chen , Pan Yuanyuan , Weng Mouyi , Xu Linqiang , Liu Shiqi , Yang Jie , Yan Jiahuan , Li Jingzhen , Shi Bowen , Yang Jinbo , Zheng Jiaxin , Pan Feng , Lu Jing
Published: May 2019

ML GaS based LIBs have high theoretical specific capacity and rate capacity and appropriate OCVs.
Insight into the role of Ni–Fe dual sites in the oxygen evolution reaction based on atomically metal-doped polymeric carbon nitride
Authors: Wu Chuchu , Zhang Xiaoming , Xia Zhangxun , Shu Miao , Li Huanqiao , Xu Xinlong , Si Rui , Rykov Alexandre I. , Wang Junhu , Yu Shansheng , Wang Suli , Sun Gongquan
Published: May 2019

Ni–Fe dual-metal sites on NiFe-codoped polymeric carbon nitride co-participate in the OER process leading to significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity.
Zinc ion stabilized MnO2 nanospheres for high capacity and long lifespan aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Jinjin , Wang Jian-Gan , Liu Huanyan , Wei Chunguang , Kang Feiyu
Published: May 2019

Zinc ion stabilized MnO2 nanospheres with a flower-like morphology and mesoporous texture are prepared, and they show high specific capacity and superior cycling stability for Zn-ion batteries.
Tetraphenylethene decorated with disulfide-functionalized hyperbranched poly(amido amine)s as metal/organic solvent-free turn-on AIE probes for biothiol determination
Authors: Wang Bin , Li Cheng , Yang Lijun , Zhang Congrou , Liu Li-Juan , Zhu Sen , Chen Yu , Wang Yong
Published: May 2019

Novel hyperbranched poly(amido amine)s AIE probes were developed for organic solvent-free biothiol sensing.
Additively manufactured porous metallic biomaterials
Authors: Zadpoor Amir A.
Published: May 2019

Additively manufactured (AM, =3D printed) porous metallic biomaterials with topologically ordered unit cells have created a lot of excitement and are currently receiving a lot of attention given their great potential for improving bone tissue regeneration and preventing implant-associated infections.
A highly specific fluorescent probe for rapid detection of hypochlorous acidin vivoand in water samples
Authors: Feng Huan , Wang Yue , Liu Jianping , Zhang Zhiqiang , Yang Xinyi , Chen Rong , Meng Qingtao , Zhang Run
Published: May 2019

We report the development of a new chromogenic and fluorogenic probe for the detection of HOCl in zebrafish, mice with arthritis and environmental water samples.
Few-layer ReS2(1−x)Se2x nanoflakes for noise-like pulse generation in a mode-locked ytterbium-doped fiber laser
Authors: Ma Mengyuan , Wen Wen , Zhang Yao , Dou Chenxi , Wang Junli , Xie Liming , Ho Ching-Hwa , Wei Zhiyi
Published: May 2019

We investigated the ternary ReS2(1−x)Se2x alloys and fabricated few-layer ReS1.02Se0.98 nanoflakes to realize passive Q-switch and noise-like pulses operating at 1 μm wavelength.
Highly luminescent NIR-emitting CuFeS2/ZnS core/shell quantum dots for optical imaging of inflamed tissue
Authors: Yan Tong , Li Yunyan , Song Xiaoxiao , Wang Jie , Xie Zhuoying , Deng Dawei
Published: May 2019

The cytotoxicities of the elements of current quantum dots (QDs) greatly restrict their applications in biomedical fields.
Ag7TaSe6: a new noncentrosymmetric selenide with fascinating “three in one” coordination modes and a strong second harmonic generation response
Authors: Li Zhuang , Zhang Shengzi , Yin Wenlong , Kang Kaijin , Guo Yangwu , Xing Wenhao , Lin Zheshuai , Yao Jiyong , Wu Yicheng
Published: May 2019

A new noncentrosymmetric selenide exhibits fascinating “three in one” coordination modes and a strong second harmonic generation response.
Real-time colorimetric water content monitoring of organic solvents by an azo dye incorporated into AlPO4-5 nanochannel
Authors: Yoo Hyeonji , Kim Hyun Sung
Published: May 2019

Azo dye/AlPO4-5 composite for rapid quantitative detection of trace water in organic solvents.
Characterization of soluble CD39 (SolCD39/NTPDase1) from PiggyBac nonviral system as a tool to control the nucleotides level
Authors: Beckenkamp Liziane Raquel , Iser Isabele Cristiana , Onzi Giovana Ravizzoni , Fontoura Dieine Maira Soares da , Bertoni Ana Paula Santin , Sévigny Jean , Lenz Guido , Wink Márcia Rosângela
Published: May 2019

Extracellular ATP (eATP) and its metabolites have emerged as key modulators of different diseases and comprise a complex pathway called purinergic signaling. An increased number of tools have been developed to study the role of nucleotides and nucleosides in cell proliferation and migration, influence on the immune system and tumor progression. These tools include receptor agonists/antagonists, engineered ectonucleotidases, interference RNAs and ectonucleotidase inhibitors that allow the control and quantification of nucleotide levels. NTPDase1 (also called apyrase, ecto-ATPase and CD39) is one of the main enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of eATP, and purified enzymes, such as apyrase purified from potato, or engineered as soluble CD39 (SolCD39), have been widely used in in vitro and in vivo experiments. However, the commercial apyrase had its effects recently questioned and SolCD39 exhibits limitations, such as short half-life and need of high doses to reach the expected enzymatic activity. Therefore, this study investigated a non-viral method to improve the overexpression of SolCD39 and evaluated its impact on other enzymes of the purinergic system. Our data demonstrated that PiggyBac transposon system proved to be a fast and efficient method to generate cells stably expressing SolCD39, producing high amounts of the enzyme from a limited number of cells and with high hydrolytic activity. In addition, the soluble form of NTPDase1/CD39 did not alter the expression or catalytic activity of other enzymes from the purinergic system. Altogether, these findings set the groundwork for prospective studies on the function and therapeutic role of eATP and its metabolites in physiological and pathological conditions.
Investigating targets for neuropharmacological intervention by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Rossetti Giulia , Kless Achim , Lai Luhua , Outeiro Tiago F. , Carloni Paolo
Published: May 2019

Medical research has identified over 500 brain disorders. Among these, there are still only very few neuropathologies whose causes are fully understood and, consequently, very few drugs whose mechanism of action is known. No FDA drug has been identified for major neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. We still lack effective treatments and strategies for modulating progression or even early neurodegenerative disease onset diagnostic tools. A great support toward the highly needed identification of neuroactive drugs comes from computer simulation methods and, in particular, from molecular dynamics (MD). This provides insight into structure–function relationship of a target and predicts structure, dynamics and energetics of ligand/target complexes under biologically relevant conditions like temperature and physiological saline concentration. Here, we present examples of the predictive power of MD for neuroactive ligands/target complexes. This brief survey from our own research shows the usefulness of partnerships between academia and industry, and from joint efforts between experimental and theoretical groups.
An Introduction to Bayesian Multilevel Models Using brms: A Case Study of Gender Effects on Vowel Variability in Standard Indonesian
Authors: Nalborczyk Ladislas , Batailler Cédric , Lœvenbruck Hélène , Vilain Anne , Bürkner Paul-Christian
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Bayesian multilevel models are increasingly used to overcome the limitations of frequentist approaches in the analysis of complex structured data. This tutorial introduces Bayesian multilevel modeling for the specific analysis of speech data, using the brms package developed in R.

Method

In this tutorial, we provide a practical introduction to Bayesian multilevel modeling by reanalyzing a phonetic data set containing formant (F1 and F2) values for 5 vowels of standard Indonesian (ISO 639-3:ind), as spoken by 8 speakers (4 females and 4 males), with several repetitions of each vowel.

Results

We first give an introductory overview of the Bayesian framework and multilevel modeling. We then show how Bayesian multilevel models can be fitted using the probabilistic programming language Stan and the R package brms, which provides an intuitive formula syntax.

Conclusions

Through this tutorial, we demonstrate some of the advantages of the Bayesian framework for statistical modeling and provide a detailed case study, with complete source code for full reproducibility of the analyses (
https://osf.io/dpzcb
/).

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7973822
Prebiotic synthesis initiated in formaldehyde by laser plasma simulating high-velocity impacts
Authors: Ferus M. , Pietrucci F. , Saitta A. M. , Ivanek O. , Knizek A. , Kubelík P. , Krus M. , Juha L. , Dudzak R. , Dostál J. , Pastorek A. , Petera L. , Hrncirova J. , Saeidfirozeh H. , Shestivská V. , Sponer J. , Sponer J. E. , Rimmer P. , Civiš S. , Cassone G.
Published: May 2019

Context. It is well known that hydrogen cyanide and formamide can universally be considered as key molecules in prebiotic synthesis. Despite the fact that formamide has been detected in interplanetary and interstellar environments, other prebiotic species are far more abundant, including, for example, formaldehyde. However, several results indicate that formamide can play the role of important intermediate as well as that of a feedstock molecule in chemical abiogenesis. Diverse recently proposed scenarios of the origins of the first biopolymers show that liquid formamide environments could have been crucial for the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, and for phosphorylation reactions, which lead to nucleotides.

Aims.Here we report on a wide exploration of the formaldehyde reaction network under plasma conditions mimicking an asteroid descent in an Earth-like atmosphere and its impact.

Methods.Dielectric breakdown using a high-power kJ-class laser system (PALS – Prague Asterix Laser System) along with quantum mechanical, ab initio molecular dynamics, and enhanced sampling simulations have been employed in order to mimic an asteroid impact plasma.

Results.Being more abundant than formamide both in interstellar and interplanetary environments, during the era of early and late heavy bombardment of Earth and other planets, formaldehyde might have been delivered on asteroids to young planets. In the presence of nitrogen-bearing species, this molecule has been reprocessed under plasma conditions mimicking the local environment of an impacting body. We show that plasma reprocessing of formaldehyde leads to the formation of several radical and molecular species along with formamide.

Conclusion. All the canonical nucleobases, the simplest amino acid (i.e., glycine), and the sugar ribose, have been detected after treatment of formaldehyde and nitrogen gas with dielectric breakdown. Our results, supported by quantum mechanical and enhanced sampling simulations, show that formaldehyde – by producing inter alia formamide – may have had the role of starting substance in prebiotic synthesis.
Removal of aqueous Clopyralid by Photoctalytic-ozonation process on Activated carbon under solar radiation: Catalyst characterization and kinetic study
Authors: Rajah Zouhour , Guiza Monia , Javier Rivas Toledo Francisco , Ouederni Abdelmottaleb
Published: May 2019

Solar photocatalytic ozonation has been used to oxidize the herbicide clopyralid in aqueous solution. Activated carbon used as a catalyst was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showed the presence of irregular cavities and pores, which have different sizes and shapes, with a great surface area of BETand a high pHpzc. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic mode. Catalyst stability was tested by means of consecutive reuse cycles. After five cycle of reuse the adsorption efficiency reached 75% of the clopyralid removal.Clopyralid elimination kinetic by direct ozonation has been studies. The system O3/AC/Daylight significantly improves clopyralid and mineralization rate abatement if compared to runs conducted in the absence of radiation and/ or activated carbon. Clopyralid total abatement was achieved in less than 30 min when 0.5 g/L of activated carbon and under solar radiation (300-800 nm) were used. Thus, TOC removal in 180 min treatments increased from 20 to about 90 % in O3 and O3/OSAC/Daylight, respectively, under similar operating conditions.
Factors Affecting the Mechanical Properties Variation after Annealing Of Cold Rolled Steel Sheet
Authors: Wichienrak Ruangyot , Puajindanetr Somchai
Published: May 2019

Cold rolled steel industry in type of batch annealing furnace, the mechanical properties of steel sheet have variation by each position. The parameters of annealing temperature and time were analysed to work out the source of mechanical properties variation. This experiment is using low-carbon steel sheet that were cold rolled at the same reduction ratio. Then annealed applying by different annealing temperature and soaking time in laboratory furnace. The mechanical properties which were examined. Yield strength, Tensile strength, %Elongation and Hardness. The result showed that (1) Increasing the annealing temperature could remarkably decrease the yield strength, tensile strength and hardness, whereas the %Elongation could be increased. (2) Increasing the soaking time could slightly effect on mechanical properties. (3) The annealing temperature of 650°C with soaking time of 2 hr should be applied to provide the mechanical properties close to target value (4) Grain size of the workpieces trended to be grown from the annealing temperature of 610°C.The experiment it can be concluded that annealing temperature and soaking time have significant effect on the mechanical properties variation in batch annealing.
Determination of the critical points in solid-state phase transformation of some hypoeutectoid steels
Authors: Dulucheanu Constantin , Severin Traian Lucian , Potorac Alexandru , Irimescu Luminita
Published: May 2019

This study allowed, by dilatometric analyses, both to highlight the solid state transformations that occurred during the continuous heating of two hypoeutectoid steels, as well as to investigate the effect of the heating rate on the critical points at which these transformations occurred. The eutectoid transformation (the pearlite dissolution into austenite) was carried out in a temperatures interval, ranging between pearlite dissolution start temperature (Ac1) and pearlite dissolution finish temperature (denoted Acfp in this article). Increasing the heating rate determined a displacement of the critical points in solid-state phase transformation to higher temperatures; these displacements were more significant for the Acfp point, than for the critical points Ac1 and Ac3.
Status of the AugerPrime upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Dhital Niraj
Published: May 2019

The Pierre Auger Observatory has been very successful in determining many aspects of the highest-energy cosmic rays including, among others, the flux suppression at energies above 4 × 1019 eV, stringent upper limits on photon and neutrino fluxes at ultra-high energies and an unexpected evolution of the mass composition with energy. We expect an extension of the frontiers of our knowledge on these aspects from a major upgrade of the Observatory. The upgrade, known as AugerPrime, will include an addition of a 4 m2 Surface Scintillator Detector atop each water-Cherenkov station of the Surface array. The new detectors will provide us with an unprecedented opportunity to perform a complementary measurement of the shower particles and thus determine the primary mass composition with good accuracy on an event-by-event basis. AugerPrime will also include an upgrade of electronics, installation of the AMIGA Underground Muon Detector and a change of observation mode of the Fluorescence Detector, which will increase its current duty cycle by about 50%. Current status of the upgrade with the main focus on the Surface Scintillator Detectors will be presented, following a brief description of the physics motivation for the upgrade.
Core-Collapse Supernova neutrino detection prospects with the KM3NeT neutrino telescopes.
Authors: Colomer Molla Marta , Lincetto Massimiliano
Published: May 2019

Core Collapse Supernovae (CCSN) are explosive phenomena that may occur at the end of the life of massive stars, releasing over 99% of the energy through neutrino emission with energies on the 10 MeV scale. While the explosion mechanism is not fully understood, neutrinos are believed to play an important role. The only detection as of today are the 24 neutrinos from supernova SN1987A. The observation of the next Galactic CCSN will lead to important breakthroughs across the fields of astrophysics, nuclear and particle physics.

For a Galactic CCSN, the KM3NeT ORCA and ARCA detectors in the Mediterranean Sea will observe a significant number of neutrinos via the detection of Cherenkov light, mostly induced by Inverse Beta Decay (IBD) interactions in sea water. The detection of coincident photons by the 31 photomultipliers of the KM3NeT digital optical modules (DOMs) allows to separate the signal from the optical background sources.

The KM3NeT detection sensitivity to a Galactic CCSN and the potential to resolve the neutrino light-curve have been estimated exploiting detailed Monte-Carlo simulations. Specific criteria are proposed for the online triggering and the participation in the SNEWS network.
Status of the KM3NeT project
Authors: Distefano Carla
Published: May 2019

The KM3NeT Collaboration is constructing a research infrastructure hosting a next generation underwater neutrino observatory in the Mediterranean Sea. It will be a distributed infrastructure with two nodes: ORCA (Mton scale 2500 depth offshore Toulon (France)) and ARCA (Gton scale, 3500 m offshore Capo Passero (Italy)). The ORCA detector, optimised to detect neutrinos of tens of GeV, aims at determining the neutrino mass hierarchy. ARCA is the high-energy component and is dedicated to the search for extraterrestrial neutrino sources in the TeV-PeV range. The KM3NeT Collaboration has started the construction of both detectors. The first detection units were deployed and the data analysis is ongoing to validate the detector performances. In this paper we give a general overview of the two detectors. We also report the present status of the detector and the first results of data analysis.
Latest results of the ANTARES neutrino telescope
Authors: Zornoza Juan-de-Dios
Published: May 2019

Neutrino astronomy is in an exciting moment. The discovery of a cosmic flux of high energy neutrinos by IceCube heralds a new era in which neutrinos have finally joined the multi-messenger study of the Universe. This new important window complements more “traditional” probes (as cosmic rays or photons), given the particular combination of characteristics of neutrinos (neutral, stable and weakly interacting). The ANTARES detector, built in the Mediterranean Sea, has succeeded in two key points. First, it has shown the feasibility of the technique of underwater neutrino telescopes, which offers important advantages in terms of performance (better angular resolution, better visibility of the Galaxy if built in the Northern Hemisphere). This has paved the way for the next step, KM3NeT, already in construction. Second, the physics harvest of ANTARES is very rich, including many results that show the particular advantages of being in the Mediterranean, as mentioned above. The analyses performed include the search for point-like sources, diffuse fluxes, transient phenomena, dark matter, etc. In this talk we will review this long list of achievements.
Multimessenger Probes of High-energy Sources
Authors: Guetta Dafne
Published: May 2019

Multimessenger observations may hold the key to learn about the most energetic sources in the universe. The recent construction of large scale observatories opened new possibilities in testing non thermal cosmic processes with alternative probes, such as high energy neutrinos and gravitational waves. We propose to combine information from gravitational wave detections, neutrino observations and electromagnetic signals to obtain a comprehensive picture of some of the most extreme cosmic processes. Gravitational waves are indicative of source dynamics, such as the formation, evolution and interaction of compact objects. These compact objects can play an important role in astrophysical particle acceleration, and are interesting candidates for neutrino and in general high-energy astroparticle studies. In particular we will concentrate on the most promising gravitational wave emitter sources: compact stellar remnants. The merger of binary black holes, binary neutron stars or black hole-neutron star binaries are abundant gravitational wave sources and will likely make up the majority of detections. However, stellar core collapse with rapidly rotating core may also be significant gravitational wave emitter, while slower rotating cores may be detectable only at closer distances. The joint detection of gravitational waves and neutrinos from these sources will probe the physics of the sources and will be a smoking gun of the presence of hadrons in these objects which is still an open question. Conversely, the non-detection of neutrinos or gravitational waves from these sources will be fundamental to constrain the hadronic content.
Measurement of the cosmic ray Moon shadow with the ANTARES detector.
Authors: Sanguineti Matteo , Chiarusi Tommaso
Published: May 2019

The ANTARES detector is the largest neutrino telescope currently in operation in Mediterranean sea. One of the main goals of the ANTARES telescope is the search for point-like neutrino sources, so both the pointing accuracy and the angular resolution of the detector need a proper direct estimation. One possibility to evaluate the pointing performance of the detector is to analyse the shadow of the Moon, i.e. the deficit in the atmospheric muon flux in the direction of the Moon induced by absorption of cosmic rays. The ANTARES data taken between 2007 and 2016 shows aMoon shadow evidence of 3.5σsignificance. This is the first measurement of the ANTARES angular resolution and absolute pointing for atmospheric muons using a celestial calibration source. The presented results confirm the good pointing performance of the detector as well as the predicted angular resolution.
Integration and testing of the Mini-EUSO telescope
Authors: Cambiè G. , Marcelli L.
Published: May 2019

The Mini-EUSO telescope, approved by ASI (Italian Space Agency) and Roscosmos (Russian Space Agency) as long-term program of space experiments to be launched on the Progress spacecraft during the Expedition 60/61 in 2019, will be placed on a nadir-facing, UV transparent window on the ISS Russian Zvezda module looking down on Earth. As one of the JEM-EUSO collaboration missions, its first objective is to observe UV light produced by UHECR (Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray) events from upper atmosphere (~ 400 km altitude), moreover, from this point of view, Mini-EUSO will perform, for the first time, high-resolution mapping of night-earth UV (300 - 400 nm) emission, focusing on terrestrial background sources, TLEs (Transient Luminous Events), bioluminescence, meteoroids burning in atmosphere, search for SQM (Strange Quark Matter) signals, as well as detecting and mapping space debris. The integration of the instrument, currently underway at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, is at an advanced stage in order to be compliant with a launch opportunity in June 2019. The on ground test results will be presented.
Pulmonale Hypertonie: anästhesiologisches Management
Authors: Hötzel Alexander , Loop Torsten
Published: May 2019

Das perioperative Management von Patienten mit pulmonaler Hypertonie erfordert von den behandelnden Anästhesisten fundierte Kenntnisse über die zugrunde liegenden Ursachen, die Pathophysiologie, den Einfluss anästhesiologischer und chirurgischer Maßnahmen wie z. B. die mechanische Beatmung sowie intraoperative Behandlungsoptionen. In der präoperativen Vorbereitung gilt es, alle vorliegenden Befunde zu evaluieren, die Belastbarkeit des Patienten zu erheben und die bestehende Dauermedikation zu kennen. Die Basis für einen sicheren intraoperativen Verlauf stellt die Vermeidung einer pulmonalarteriellen Druckerhöhung und Rechtsherzdysfunktion dar. Hierbei gilt es Hypoxie, Hyperkapnie, Azidose, Hypothermie, Stress und eine koronare Hypoperfusion zu verhindern. Bei einem Anstieg des pulmonalarteriellen Drucks können sowohl inhalative, selektive pulmonale Vasodilatatoren, wie Stickstoffmonoxid oder Prostazykline, als auch intravenös Phosphodiesterase-3-Inhibitoren und Phosphodiesterase-5-Inhibitoren eingesetzt werden. Bei einer rechtsventrikulären Dysfunktion oder Dekompensation sollte mittels inotroper Substanzen und Inodilatoren die Herzfunktion unterstützt werden. Abhängig vom Ausmaß der Operation und dem Schweregrad der pulmonalen Hypertonie erfordert die postoperative Betreuung vor allem Expertise und Strukturen, die ein kontinuierliches Monitoring zulassen.
Real-life data on improvement of survival after perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone on resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach – a single-center study
Authors: Kuhnle Philipp , Israel Karl-Friedrich , Menges Markus
Published: May 2019

Background In the last decade, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become the standard of care also for curatively resectable advanced gastric cancer. Prospective randomized studies have shown a significant benefit in disease free and overall survival rate after perioperative chemotherapy as compared to immediate surgery. However, data in the “real-life” setting are rare. In our retrospective study, we wanted to clarify the question whether this benefit is achievable under real-life conditions.

Methods A total of 81 patients with resected adenocarcinoma of the stomach or distal esophagogastric junction (AEG III) clinical stage II–IIIc according to UICC (eighth edition) were enrolled. Forty-two patients received perioperative chemotherapy (cohort 1) and 39 patients were operated on immediately (cohort 2). Chemotherapy was carried out according to the ECF, EOX, or FLOT protocols.

Results Overall 5-year survival was 35.7 % in cohort 1 and 23.7 % in cohort 2. Thus, the relative 5-year overall survival benefit was 51 %, and 12 % in absolute numbers (p = 0.083). For patients receiving perioperative chemotherapy per protocol (n = 20), a more marked absolute improvement in 5-year overall survival of 16.3 % as compared to immediately operated on patients was achieved (p = 0.05). Progression-free survival in this analysis was shown to be improved by perioperative chemotherapy also without statistical significance (p = 0.03).

Conclusions Patients with curatively resectable gastric adenocarcinoma or type III AEG tumor benefit from perioperative chemotherapy in terms of overall survival even under real-life conditions. Moreover, a benefit in progression-free survival can be demonstrated.
Transkranielle Sonografie des Hirnparenchyms: etablierte Anwendungen bei Erwachsenen
Authors: Walter Uwe , Behnke Stephanie
Published: May 2019

Die transkranielle B-Bild-Sonografie (TCS) ist eine Bildgebungsmodalität, die das Hirnparenchym und das intrakranielle Ventrikelsystem bei intakter Schädelkalotte darstellt. Im Vergleich zur Magnetresonanztomografie kann die TCS tiefe echogene Hirnstrukturen mit höherer Bildauflösung darstellen und hat zudem die Vorteile hoher Mobilität, gesundheitlicher Unbedenklichkeit und geringer Störbarkeit durch Patientenbewegungen. Das eigenständige Bildgebungsprinzip der TCS erlaubt die Visualisierung charakteristischer Veränderungen bei diversen neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen, die mit anderen Verfahren nur schwierig darstellbar sind, wie die Hyperechogenität der Substantia nigra bei idiopathischem Parkinson-Syndrom und die Hyperechogenität des Nucleus lentiformis bei atypischen Parkinson-Syndromen. Etablierten Anwendungen der TCS sind das bettseitige Monitoring raumfordernder Läsionen (intrakranielle Blutungen, maligne Hirninfarkte) bei akuten Schlaganfallpatienten, die Früh- und Differenzialdiagnose des Parkinson-Syndroms, und die postoperative Positionskontrolle von Tiefenhirnstimulations-Elektroden. Neue Technologien wie die Echtzeit-MRT-TCS-Fusionsbildgebung und die digitalisierte Bildanalyse versprechen eine breitere Anwendung der TCS in den kommenden Jahren.
Pathogenese von Campylobacter
Authors: Witzig Friedrich
Published: May 2019

Aus insgesamt 35 Werken (eine Quelle wurde noch nicht ausgewertet) wurden Symptome und Folgen von Campylobacter-Infektionen extrahiert und nach dem Kopf-zu-Fuß-Schema zusammengestellt. Damit soll die Voraussetzung geschaffen werden, sowohl die akuten als auch die chronischen Erscheinungen dieser Krankheit, also deren spezifische Eigenheiten, erkennen zu können sowie den Grundstein zu legen, Campylobacter im Falle einer Campylobacter-Pathologie als Nosode anzuwenden.
Campylobacter-Enteritis
Authors: Bleul Gerhard
Published: May 2019

Retrospektiv wurden 6 Fälle von Campylobacter-Enteritis auf eine effektive homöopathische Therapie untersucht. Schnelle Besserung trat unter Arsenicum album, Bryonia alba aut dioica, Cuprum arsenicosum und Guajacum officinale ein. Podophyllum peltatum war weniger effektiv.
Murine Monoclonal Antibody To Porcine Factor VIII:C
Authors: Fass D N , Katzmann J A , Knutson G J
Published: May 2019

Mice were immunized with factor VIII complex and boosted with partially purified VIII coagulant (VIII:C). These mice produced antisera which caused inhibition of VIII: C activity in clotting assays. Spleen cells from the antibody positive mice were fused with NS-1 plasmacytoma cells, aliquoted into 96 cultures, and 68 culture wells positive for hybrid cell formation were assayed for anti-VIII:C antibodies. An immunoradiometric assay using 125[I]-labelled human factor VIII:C inhibitor was used to identify anti-VIII:C antibodies. Twelve hybrid supernatants mediated significant binding of the radiolabelled probe in the presence of partially purified VIII:C. Of these, 8 were shown to be positive through the binding of porcine Willebrand factor, rather than direct factor VIII:C binding. Three hybrid supernatants bound factor VIII:C from a preparation of dissociated low molecular weight coagulant, could not be dissociated from the antigen with 0.25 M calcium chloride and bound no detectable porcine Willebrand factor. One of these hybrids was subcloned and grown as an ascitic tumor in mice. After labelling with 125[I], the monoclonal antibody could be used to measure VIII:C bound to polystyrene in an RIA. The antibody shows negligible inactivation of VIII:C. The antibody coupled to agarose, quantitatively removes coagulant from solutions of dissociated VIII:C but will not remove VIII: C activity from plasma (or other sources of undissociated factor VIII complex). The VIII: C absorbed onto the antibody beads is still active. Less than 10% of input activity is retrievable from the beads using chaotropic ions, but 60% of the VIII: C activity is obtained with organic solvent elution. When analyzed by SDS gel electrophoresis, the active protein is indistinguishable from that eluted in inactive form, at low pH, from human inhibitor columns.
The porcine VIII: C activity isolated using the antibody shows a 2 to 3 ± 105fold purification based on units. VIII: c per A280.
Problems In Measuring Low Dose Heparin
Authors: Róka R
Published: May 2019

In order to assess the influence of low dose heparin on the reaction between thrombin and antithrombin, an individual control is needed, if heparin levels below 0,05 U/ml are to be measured. This allows discrimination between progressive antithrombin and heparin cofactor activity. The concentration of low dose heparin is calculated as the difference between spontaneous antithrombin III activity and progressive antithrombin III activity in a given sample. The plasma sample to be assayed also serves as individual control after heparin has been inactivated by binding to platelet factor 4. Purified platelet factor 4 can either be added to the sample or liberated from platelets contained in the sample by platelet sonification. The activity of progressive antithrombin in the control depends on the ratio of thrombin to antithrombin in the reaction mixture. This ratio and the activity of progressive antithrombin increase proportionally and thus influence the calculation of low dose heparin concentration. Comparable results are obtained only if this ratio is kept constant.
Altered Regulation Of Prostacyclin (PGI2) Activity In Severe Pre-Eclampsia
Authors: Wu K K , Chen Y C , Hall E R , Rafelson M E
Published: May 2019

To determine whether accelerated degradation of PGI2 plays a role in thrombosis, we investigated the kinetics of plasma PGI2 breakdown in 7 normal subjects and 3 patients with small vessel thrombosis (2 with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and one with idiopathic thrombotic stroke). Plasma PGI2 degradation was evaluated by incubating standard PGI2 with plasma at 37°C and measuring the PGI2 activity remaining at serial time intervals. PGI2 activity was determined by its capacity to inhibit platelet aggregation, and its hydrolysis product, 6-keto-PGF1α , was measured by radioimmunoassay. Plasma PGI2 survival time of all 3 patients was significantly shorter (<1 min) than that of normals (101 ± S.D.33 min). As 6-keto-PGF1α content in both groups was similar, the shortening of the survival time was attributed to acceleration of PGI2 hydrolysis. Abnormal degradation of PGI2 was corrected by adding normal plasma in vitro. Moreover, infusion of normal plasma into one of the patients prolonged PGI2 survival time significantly from a baseline of 50 sec to 55 min 3 days following transfusion, and 80 min 7 days later. Correction of the abnormal PGI2 degradation by plasma transfusion was associated with improvement of clinical symptoms and blood counts. The disease process tended to relapse at 3-week intervals and could be controlled by transfusion of 3 units of plasma. As deficiency of stimulating factor for PGI2 production in man contributes to microcirculatory thrombosis, stimulation by patient and normal plasma in bovine endothelial cell culture was investigated. There was no significant difference in PGI2 production between the patient and normals. The findings indicate that rapid plasma PGI2 degradation leading to shortened PGI2 survival plays an important role in the pathogenesis of microcirculatory thrombosis. Correction of the abnormality with plasma suggests the deficiency of a normal plasma factor which protects PGI2 from rapid degradation.
Longterm Treatment With Subcutaneous Heparin During Pregnancy
Authors: Hellaren M , Nygârds F
Published: May 2019

Twenty women were treated with i.v./s.c. heparin during pregnancy because of acute thromboembolic complications (T-E) and 15 were given s.c. heparin as prophylaxis because of earlier T-E. All women injected themselves without problems. Minor allergic reactions disappeared when preservative was avoided. The therapeutic treatment was adjusted to 1.5-2 times prolongation of APTT and the prophylaxis was decided sufficient if 5-10 secs, prolongation of APTT was registered 3-4 hours postinjection. Twenty five pregnancies were uncomplicated. Six pregnancies were connected with various obstetric complications and 5 with minor bleeding complications such as wound and vaginal hematomas. Eight pregnancies were complicated by incipient prematur labour. No rethrombosis occurred in the prophylactic group but 5 of the 20 women in the therapeutic group had rethrombosis before prophylaxis had started. All children were in good health but one had low birth weight for gestational age.

The level of antithrombin (AT) and platelet count were studied in 16 women and liver function was registered in 13 of them. The level of AT decreased to a mean of 55%, measured by chromogenic substrate S-2238, after 2-4 weeks s.c. therapy in the prophylactic group. In the therapeutic group an expected mean decrease to maximum 56% was noted initially during i.v./s.c. heparin treatment. In both groups the level of AT normalized during continued heparin treatment. After finished treatment all women had normal level of AT. Platelet count and liverfunction were mainly unchanged.

These regimes seem adequate during pregnancy but AT ought to be analysed in order to avoid increased risk for T-E if heparin must be withdrawn or decreased. Examination for incipient prematur labour should probably be more intensive in these groups of pregnant women.
Subcutaneous Heparin In Prevention Of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation In Patients With Serious Infections
Authors: Zawilska K , Kanamicki M , Psuja P , Sowier J , Kawczynski S , Wysocki K
Published: May 2019

In a series of 21 patients with serious Gram-negative and Gram-positive infections, 5000u. heparin was admini- stred subcutaneously 12-hourly with the aim of reducing the incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Before starting heparin therapy there were prolongation of partial thromboplastin time; moderately increased levels of fibrinogen degradation products (FDP); decreased antithranbin III (AT III) activity (measured with chromogenic substrates); and positive paracoagulaticn tests.

On heparin therapy FDP decreased and platelet count and AT III increased; and there were no clinical or laboratory signs of DIC. In those who died there were no postmortem signs of intravascular fibrin deposition.

19 of the 21 patients developed septic shock. These received standard therapy as well as subcutaneous heparin. 14 patients (66%) died. There were no complicaticns with heparin therapy.

In serious infections prophylactic subcutaneous heparin is advisable as early as possible.