bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The allometric relationships for estimating above-ground biomass and carbon stock in an abandoned traditional garden in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Karyati Karyati , Widiati Kusno Yuli , Karmini Karmini , Mulyadi Rachmad
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Karyati, Widiati KY, Karmini, Mulyadi R. 2021. The allometric relationships for estimating aboveground biomass and carbon stock in an abandoned traditional garden in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 751-762. The existence of traditional gardens after abandonment process has a role based on ecological and economic aspects. To estimate the biomass and carbon stock in the abandoned traditional gardens, specific allometric equations are required. The aim of this study was to develop allometric equations to estimate biomass of plant parts (leaf, branch, trunk, and aboveground biomass (AGB)) through tree dimensions variables (diameter at breast height (DBH), total tree height, and tree bole height). The relationships between stem biomass, AGB and tree dimensions were very strong indicated by the relatively high adjusted R2 value. The moderately strong relationships were shown between branch biomass and tree dimensions, meanwhile, the relationship between leaf biomass and tree dimensions was very weak. The specific allometric equations for estimating biomass and carbon stocks that are suitable for tree species and/or forest stands at a particular site are very useful for calculating the carbon stocks and sequestration. The appropriate biomass and carbon stock calculation are needed to determine policies related to global climate change.
Molecular characterization of a farmer-preferred maize landrace population from a multiple-stress-prone subtropical lowland environment
Authors: Makore Fortunate , Gasura Edmore , Souta Caleb , Mazarura Upenyu , Derera John , Zikhali Meluleki , Kamutando Casper , Magorokosho Cosmos , Dari Shorai
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Makore F, Gasura E, Souta C, Mazamura U, Derera J, Zikhali M, Kamutando CN, Magorokosho C, Dari S. 2021. Molecular characterization of a farmer-preferred maize landrace population from a multiple-stress-prone subtropical lowland environment. Biodiversitas 22: 769-777.  The study was conducted to assess genetic diversity of 372 maize lines using 116 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Three hundred and forty-seven lines were S1 lines (coded J lines) from a local maize landrace population and twenty-five were the widely used standard lines. The number of alleles per marker ranged from two to four and the average was three alleles.  The average polymorphic information content (PIC) value of 0.405 indicates high genetic diversity for maize lines evaluated in this study. Population structure revealed three distinct sub-populations. Sub-population 1 contained two J lines; sub-population 2 contained five J lines and sub-population 3 contained the rest of the J lines and all the standard lines. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) identified 22% variance among and 78% variance within the three subpopulations, indicating high gene exchange and low genetic differentiation. Hierarchical cluster analysis further divided the lines into nine subgroups placing some of the J lines into known heterotic groups', i.e.,  J30_3, J393_4, J393_3, and J393_1 in CIMMYT heterotic group B. Allelic variation observed can be a source of allele combination for breeding programs interested in widening their genetic base. The private alleles that were present in the J lines suggest availability of stress-tolerant genes that breeders can incorporate in new hybrids.
Identification of fermentative bacteria on local microorganisms of golden snail (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck, 1822)
Authors: RETNOWATI YULIANA , Katili Abubakar Sidik
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Retnowati Y, Katili AS. 2021. Identification of fermentative bacteria on local microorganisms of golden snail (Pomacea canaliculate Lamarck, 1822). Biodiversitas 22: 778-784. Local Microorganisms (LMo) is a fermented liquid containing various microorganisms that potentially act as decomposers and bio-fertilizer. P. canaliculata is one of the rice pests that is a basic ingredient of LMo because of its high protein content. The objective of this study was to determine the types of fermentative bacteria on Local Microorganisms of P. canaliculata. The fermentation of LMo was conducted for 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. Microbial population was determined at 7-day intervals based on the TPC method. Characterization and identification based on polyphasic taxonomy including macroscopic and microscopic morphological characters., Molecular identification was based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The results showed that LMo of P. canaliculata had a low degree of acidity and tended to decrease during the incubation period, from pH 5.3 to 4.0. Bacterial population tends to increase at 0-14 fermentation days and decreases after 21 days. The isolation results showed that the 3 bacterial isolates namely BFPc-01, BFPc-02, and BFPc-03 were isolated based on morphological differences. The morphological characters of BFPc-01 was milky white color colony, Gram-negative, coccus; BFPc-02 isolate was pink, colony color, Gram-negative, coccus; and BFPc-03 isolate was yellow color colony, bacillus, Gram-positive. The results of molecular characterization based on the 16s rRNA gene sequence showed that BFPc-01 isolate similar to Klebsiella pneumoniae MT604895.1 (99.04%), BFPc-02 isolate closely related to Serratia sp. (100%), and BFPc-03 isolate similar to Microbacterium  sp. (100%).
Identification of Drought Tolerant and Molecular Analysis of DREB2A and BADH2 Genes and Yield Potensial of Lines from Single Crossing Bengkulu Local Rice Varieties
Authors: Herawati Reny , ALNOPRI ALNOPRI , MASDAR MASDAR , SIMARMATA MARULAK , SIPRIYADI SIPRIYADI , SUTRAWATI MIMI
Published: January 2021

Screening in the seedling stage of 39 progeny of F6 lines to drought stress was carried out in the greenhouse.  Drought tolerant and sensitive varieties of IR 20 and Salumpikit, respectively, were used as control plants.  The methods for traits identification of leaf curled, dried, and recovery ability after exposure to severe drought for two weeks was following the Standard Evaluation System (SES) developed by IRRI.  Molecular analysis to detect the presence of the DREB2A gene was carried out by PCR amplification of genomic DNA using forward- and reverse- oligonucleotide primers of CCTCATTGGGTCAGGAAGAA and GGATCTCAGCCACCCACTTA, respectively, while for BADH2 gene using forward- and reverse- oligonucleotide primers of GGCCAAGTACCTCAAGGCGA and TGTCCCCAGCTGCTTCATCC, respectively.  Molecular markers of DREB2A and BADH2 genes were also identified in 39 tested lines with approximately 250 and 2300 bp length, respectively.  This study concluded that the progeny of F6 lines generating from the crossing of local varieties of IR7858 and IR148 is the potential to become a drought-tolerant variety of upland rice. Line numbers BKL2 B-2-264-6 and BKL4 B-1-268-10 have a potential yield of more than 12 tonnes/ha. These line has the potential to be developed on rainfed lowland rice or dry land because it has drought resistance.
Morphological and genetic variation in populations of Desmos chinensis Lour. (Annonaceae)
Authors: Nikmah Isna Arofatun , RUGAYAH RUGAYAH , Chikmawati Tatik
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Nikmah IA, Rugayah R, Chikmawati T. 2021. Morphological and genetic variation in populations of Desmos chinensis Lour. (Annonaceae). Biodiversitas 22: 811-822. Desmos chinensis is a woody climber or scandent shrub genus in Annonaceae that has moniliform fruits. Desmos chinensis Lour. can be found throughout Southeast Asia. This species is widely used as a traditional medicine in several countries in Asia, however, the information on its morphological and genetic variation has never been reported. The objective of this study was to reveal the genetic variation of Desmos chinensis on Java island (Indonesia) based on the morphological characters and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. Leaf samples were collected by exploring seven regions in Java island. Variation in morphological characteristics were described and discussed in detail. Genetic variation was assessed using the ISSR marker. The morphological characteristics of D. chinensis in Java varies in habit; leaf shape, leaf size, leaf color; flower position, flower reflexity, pedicel bract position, number of petals, petal color, petal shape, petal apex, undulation of petal; and number of monocarp per fruit. A total of 53 samples collected from seven populations were screened by 25 ISSR primers, wherein 11 primers produced 47 clear and reproducible bands covering 85.1% of polymorphic bands. Desmos chinensis in Java were divided into five natural populations. Furthermore, the mean value of the Shannon index and genetic diversity index were 0.223 and 0.151, respectively. Moreover, the variations within and among populations examined using AMOVA showed the occurrence of 38% of total genetic variations among the different populations, therefore, the remaining 62% was due to variations within the population. Morphological and genetic variations are important preliminary information for determining the conservation strategy of Desmos chinensis.
Diversity and genetic parameter of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) based on yield component in three location
Authors: Sayekti Tri Wahono Dyah Ayu , SYUKUR MUHAMAD , HIDAYAT SRI HENDRASTUTI , MAHARIJAYA AWANG
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Sayekti TWDA, Syukur M, Hidayat SH, Maharijaya A. 2021. Diversity and genetic parameter of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) based on yield component in three locations. Biodiversitas 22: 823-829. With the increase in the use of chili, it is necessary to develop these commodities through plant breeding activities. Phenotypes are not only determined by genetics, but also by environmental factors and the GxE interactions, so all the factors need to be considered. The aims of this study were to evaluate the variability of ten elite breeding lines and three commercial varieties of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) across three different environments. This experiment was conducted in three environments namely Bogor, Kolaka, and Palembang, from January until July 2019. Thirteen genotypes consisting of ten elite lines and three commercial chili pepper were used. This experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications for each environment. To determine the effect of environment, Combined Analysis of Variance was carried out for all environments using PBSTAT-GE. The environment used in this experiment was lowland that varies between each other. The genotype with the fastest harvesting age relative in three environments was F7-145293-19-8-3-113-1. The highest number of fruits per plant was observed in genotype F9-160291-9-4-3-2-1-1-1 with 261 fruits per plant. The highest yield was observed in genotype F7-145174-9-7-1-5-3. From the clustering analysis, this population was grouped into five clusters. The heritability values for the 12 observed traits ranged between 22.68-69.97%, classified into high and moderate criteria.
Length-weight relationship, sex ratio, mortality and growth condition of natural stock of Macrobrachium rosenbergii from the estuarine systems of North Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: INDARJO AGUS , Salim Gazali , NUGRAENI CHRISTINE DYTA , ZEIN MUFRIDA , RANSANGAN JULIAN , PRAKOSO LUKMAN YUDHO , SUHIRWAN SUHIRWAN , ANGGORO SUTRISNO
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Indarjo A, Salim G, Nugraeni CD, Zein M, Ransangan J, Prakoso LY, Suhirwan, Anggoro S. 2021. Length-weight relationship, sex ratio, mortality and growth condition of natural stock of Macrobrachium rosenbergii from the estuarine systems of North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 846-857. Giant prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia are commonly found inhabiting estuarine areas in Salimbatu Village (Bulungan District), Tepian Village (Nunukan District) and Buong Baru and Sesayap Villages (Tana Tidung District). The present study was conducted to analyze the relationship between length and weight, sex ratio, mortality, and growth condition index of the naturally occurring giant prawns in three districts namely Bulungan, Nunukan, and Tana Tidung in the North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The samplings were carried out for a period of seven months beginning April to November 2020. The results revealed that the giant prawns in Buong Baru Village, Sesayap Village, and Salimbatu Village were characterized to have negative allometric growth patterns. Interestingly, the male giant prawns in Tepian Village were observed to exhibit positive allometric growth pattern. The ratio sex analysis of the giant prawns in the four villages indicated that female prawns were more than male. In terms of size distribution, Salimbatu Village exhibited 60.1% of prawns measured at 14.02-17.74cm (size range of 10.3-47.5 cm). In Tepian Village, 32.9% of the prawns were observed to measure between 11.20-12.80 cm (size range of 8.0-24.0 cm). In Buong Baru Village, it was observed 18.5% of the prawns measured 22.0-25.5 cm and 29.0-32.5 cm (size range of 15.0-50.0 cm), respectively. Finally, 28.3% of the prawns in Sesayap Village was observed to measure at 12.19-14.02 cm from the overall size distribution between 6.7-25.0 cm. Relative condition factor of giant prawns found in the waters of Salimbatu Village, Tepian Village, and Buong Baru Village waters and Sesayap Village waters was characterized by thin body shape. The maximum length of male prawns was higher than female prawns in Salimbatu Village, Desa Tepian and Sesayap Village, except in Buong Baru Village where female was longer than male. The exploitation rate and fishing mortalities of prawns were higher in Buong Baru Village, Tana Tidung District. Giant prawn fishery contributes to the socio-economic development of the people in North Kalimantan. Hence, sustainable fishery management of this species, particularly in Buong Baru Village is urgently needed so that it can continue to provide livelihoods to the fishermen in the area.
Short Communication: Histopathology of red chilli fruit (Capsicum annuum) infected with Colletotrichum acutatum of Java, Indonesia isolates
Authors: Muljowati Junisafitri , Soesanto Loekas , Nugroho Laurentius
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Muljowati JS, Soesanto L, Nugroho LH. 2021. Short Communication: Histopathology of red chilli fruit (Capsicum annuum) infected with Colletotrichum acutatum of Java, Indonesia isolates. Biodiversitas 22: 874-880. Colletotrichum acutatum isolates from Malang, Temanggung, Kulonprogo, Brebes, Garut, and Pandeglang in Indonesia varied in their ability to produce pigments. In the present study, the histopathological status of red chilli was investigated during the early phase of infection by C. acutatum Java isolate. The results included a description of the histopathological features of red chillies (Capsicum annuum) in the early phase of infection by C. acutatum isolates and the relationship between the origin of the isolates and the time of onset of infection. The red chilli fruits were inoculated with fungal conidia suspension and then the histopathology of chilli fruits was observed at 0 hours (uninfected control), 8 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, and 32 hours after inoculation. The results showed that C. acutatum isolates from Kulonprogo caused host damage within 8 hours, while the other isolates (from Malang, Brebes, Garut and Pandeglang) began to produce similar symptoms at 16 hours or 24 hours. This study revealed for the first time that pathogenic activity begins at the onset of infection, and the resulting anatomical damage to red chillies begins at different times.
Distribution of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. recovered from aquatic environment of Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Suhartono Suhartono , Ismail Yulia Sari , Aini Zahratul
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Suhartono S, Ismail YS, Aini Z. 2021. Distribution of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. recovered from aquatic environment of Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 881-886. The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in an aquatic system might increase waterborne infections including salmonellosis. This might raise a concern related to the increasing pathogenic bacteria, including the multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. in the two major rivers, namely Lamnyong and Krueng Aceh crossing the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The objectives of the present study were to isolate and enumerate Salmonella spp. recovered from aquatic environment in Banda Aceh and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility. Bacterial enumeration was performed using most probable number (MPN) method followed by bacterial isolations using selective media Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SSA); whereas, antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted using a procedure as recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. There was no significant Salmonella spp. densities/mL of both locations (p = 0.200) although, on average there was about 441.67 Salmonella spp. MPN/mL in Krueng Aceh as opposed to 20.47 MPN/mL of Lamnyong river. There were 57 Salmonella spp. isolates recovered in the sampling sites, i.e. 38 isolates of Lamnyong and 19 isolates of Krueng Aceh. The results of antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that Salmonella spp. isolates recovered from Lamnyong and Krueng Aceh showed antibiotic resistance to azithromycin, tetracycline, and streptomycin. Moreover, Salmonella spp. isolates also showed high resistance to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, dan ceftriaxone. All Salmonella spp. isolates were classified as MDR with the number of isolates resistant to 4-6 antibiotics was 33 (57.9%), whereas those that were resistant to 7-9 antibiotics and over 10 antibiotics were 23 (40.4%%) and 5 (8.8%) respectively. The prevalence of MDR Salmonella spp. in the current study suggest that river remain the major reservoirs for the transmission of the pathogen in aquatic systems. An appropriate assessment and monitoring are necessary to reduce the potential health risks and to ensure water quality in the aquatic environment.
Short communication: Environment and morphometric of sea hare Dolabella auricularia from shrimp pond, Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: SOFIAN ACHMAD , Suhermanto Achmad , SAIDIN SAIDIN , SAYUTI MOHAMMAD , NOVIANTO DIAN , WIDYASARI FERLIANA
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Sofian A, Suhermanto A, Saidin, Sayuti M, Novianto D, Widyasari F. 2021. Short communication: Environment and morphometric of sea hare Dolabella auricularia from shrimp pond, Sorong West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: xxxx. Dolabella auricularia is a herbivorous marine biota living on the shallow seabed, which is found mostly in Indo-Pacific waters. The purpose of this study was to analyze the environmental and morphometric characteristics of Dolabella auricularia which live in vaname shrimp pond, Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia. Samples were collected from April to June 2020. From the measurement of pond waters environmental conditions, the following data were obtained: temperatures ranging from 31.47 ± 1.08oC, salinity ranging from 31.91 ± 2.29 ppt, pH ranging from 8.02 ± 0.20, brightness 108.00 ± 45.63 cm, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ranging from 4.10 ± 0.22 mg/L. The morphometrics of D. auricularia consisted of R-Anterior resp distances with sizes ranging from 38.9 ± 17 mm, wet weight ranging from 170 ± 34 g total lengths ranging from 112 ± 57.83 mm, posterior diameters ranging from 71 ± 41 mm. D. auricularia was found in pond waters as a pest for shrimp culture. However, D. auricularia also has biomedical and economic potentials as raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry. So, further studies are needed for their development.
Seagrass-associated fish species’ richness: evidence to support conservation along the south coast of Lombok Island, Indonesia
Authors: Syukur Abdul , Idrus Agil Al Idrus , Zulkifli Lalu
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Syukur A, Al-Idrus A, Zulkifli L. 2021. Seagrass-associated fish species’ richness: evidence to support conservation along the South Coast of Lombok Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 988-998. The concept of seagrass conservation at a global scale tends to be less appropriate with regard to the environmental conditions at the regional and local scales, and thus, there is a need for scientific studies at the regional and local scales to support conservation measures. This research aimed to describe the importance of seagrass conservation based on the species richness of seagrass-associated fish. Data were collected from seven seagrass locations using surveys and observation. Data on the fish species present were collected with the gear used by small-scale fishermen to catch fish in the seagrass area and the surrounding waters. Data analysis was descriptive; the statistical analyses performed included calculation of the Shannon-Wiener index of diversity (H '), the Simpson evenness index (E), and the Morisita species richness index (D) as well as cluster analysis. All statistical analyses were performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 25. We found 104 fish species belonging to 38 families. Leiognathidae, Apogonidae, Clupeidae, Carangidae, Channidae, Sillaginidae, and Mullidae are families with high abundance, and 16 fish species have an abundance of individuals above the average value (192 individuals) of the total number of individuals (20,352). Meanwhile, 94.37% of the fish families are the target catch of small-scale fishermen (commercial fish). The diversity of fish species associated with seagrass in the study location is evidence of the survival of seagrass provision services at the local scale for fish. Therefore, scientific evidence of the species richness of fish, species yang domina, and its importance for small-scale fisheries at each seagrass bed in the study location can be used as a source of information for increasing and improving seagrass conservation efforts at the local scale.
Assessment of biological and agronomic diversity of seven durum wheat varieties cultivated in the Northeastern region of Algeria
Authors: BOUDERSA NABIL , CHAIB GHANIA , AICHA ATOUI , CHERFIA RADIA , BOUDERBANE HANANE , BOUDOUR LEILA
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Boudersa N, Chaib G, Atoui A, Cherfia R, Bouderbane H, Boudour L. 2021. Assessment of biological and agronomic diversity of seven durum wheat varieties cultivated in the Northeastern region of Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 1025-1036. The present work was carried out during the 2017/2018 agricultural season, at the experimental station of the ‘Institut Technique des Grandes Cultures’ (ITGC) – El Khroub, Constantine, Algeria. The main objective of this study was the evaluation and the characterization of seven varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in terms of their behavior and yield. For these reasons, several phenological, morpho-physiological, and biochemical traits, as well as the yield with its components were studied. The obtained results showed a significant variety effect, in particular, for the variables corresponding to the production and to the tolerance. The analysis of the correlation coefficients indicated that the number of spikes per m2, the number of grains spike-1, and the rate of chlorophyll pigments in the leaves were the most related characteristics to grain yield. Indirect selection for breeding productivity through these traits could prove to be effective. Besides, it revealed that tall varieties displayed better resistance to possible hazards; had high relative water content (RWC), accumulated more soluble sugars and proline, as well as, they showed a low level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to other varieties. In addition, this study allowed us to determine many relationships between the studied parameters, that can make a contribution in both the productivity and the adaptation improvement programs of the durum wheat.
Infection prevention of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by providing ethyl acetate extract of temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa) rhizome
Authors: SARI DINA SELVIA , PANGASTUTI ARTINI , HERAWATI ELISA
Published: February 2021

Sari DS, Pangastuti A, Elisa Herawati E. 2013. Infection prevention of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by providing ethyl acetate extract of temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa) rhizome. Biofarmasi 11: 31-35. In tilapia aquaculture, some diseases can disturb the growth and production of fish. Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the pathogenic bacteria that can cause a disease in tilapia. Aeromonas hydrophila uses a quorum sensing system and the virulence of organisms as a controller to other organisms. The one of infection prevention effort of A. hydrophila that efficient enough is to use a compound of natural ingredients, i.e. Curcuma aeruginosa rhizome. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of ethyl acetate extract of Curcuma aeruginosa rhizome that needed to prevent the infection of A. hydrophila bacterial in tilapia. The method used in this study was an immersion method. Tilapia was soaked in water mixed with A. hydrophila and the ethyl acetate extract of C. aeruginosa rhizome with the concentrations of 0 mL/L, 10 mL/L, 20 mL/L, 30 mL/L, 40 mL/L, 50 mL/L and control for 90 minutes. At the end of the study, it was observed for the fish behavior after immersion, the reaction of fish, the type and morphology of fish, and the number of bacteria in the water conservancy. The results showed that the A. hydrophila infection could be prevented by using the ethyl acetate extract of the C. aeruginosa rhizome with the concentration of 40 mL/L. During immersion, tilapia was get an experience stress, often to the surface of water, and then quietly at the bottom of aquarium. The response to eat of tilapia decreased by 50% after soaking, but after 2-3 days of immersion time, the fish feeding was normally again.
Time-resolved breath oxygen monitor for critical care - clinical prototype development
Authors: Patrick Link , Westberg Jonas , Wysocki Gerard
Published: February 2021

A small and lightweight oxygen sensor for continuous in-airway monitoring of breath. A measurement precision of <0.3% O2 (10ms integration time) is achieved, which is adequate to resolve oxygen concentration within a single breath cycle.
How Good Is Your Spectral Sensor? Figures of Merit for Coregistration and Radiometric Quality for Spectral Imagers and Spectrometers
Authors: Skauli Torbjørn
Published: February 2021

There is potential for better ways to specify the performance of spectrometers and spectral imagers. This work discusses figures of merit for coregistration, from previous work, as well as new quantities for throughput, noise and dynamic range.
Photoluminescence Mapping of Semiconductors with High Spatial Resolution
Authors: McCluskey Matthew D. , Huso Jesse , Jokela Slade J. , Lytel Rick , Poole Violet M.
Published: February 2021

Photoluminescence spectroscopy is an important technique for characterizing optical properties of semiconductors. Using a confocal laser microscope system, 2D PL maps of technologically important materials were obtained with excellent signal-to-noise and resolution, from near-IR to UV.
Compact 6.5 - 9 pm Frequency Comb Source for Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
Authors: Kraempek Karol , Tomaszewska Dorota , Gluszek Aleksander , Hudzikowski Arkadiusz , Martynkien Tadeusz , Mergo Pawel , Sotor Jaroslaw , Foltynowicz Aleksandra , Soboń Grzegora
Published: February 2021

We demonstrate a compact firlly-stabilized fiber-based optical frequency comb based on difference frequency generation finable from 6.5 to 9 pm and its application to Fourier transform spectroscopy of nitrous oxide (N2O).
Independent Component Analysis for Spectral Signature Separation in Dual-comb Spectroscopy
Authors: Ruiz-Llata Marta , Rieker Gregory B.
Published: February 2021

Dual comb spectroscopy (DCS) for combustion, industrial, and environmental studies provide transmission spectra of complex mixtures of gases with potentially unknown signatures. We evaluate Independent Component Analysis (ICA) as a processing tool for DCS signals.
Dual electro-optic comb spectroscopy using quadrature demodulation
Authors: Fdil Khaoula , Michaud-Belleau Vincent , Hébert Nicolas Bourbeau , Genest Jéròme
Published: February 2021

We report methane spectroscopy with dual electro-optic combs using optical hybrids and pseudo-random modulation. This system helps investigate sources of systematic errors in dual-comb spectroscopy.
High dispersive TIR-GRISMs with flattened angular dispersion profile
Authors: Heusinger M. , Flügel-Paul T. , Grabowski K. , Michaelis D. , Zeitner U. D.
Published: February 2021

We present new dispersive optical components, namely TIR-GRISMs, that exhibit three advantages when compared to standard diffraction gratings. First, high diffraction efficiency, second, enormous angular dispersion and, third, a nearly constant angular resolution profile.
Micrometeorological flux measurements using spatially- scanned open-path dual-comb spectroscopy
Authors: Cossel Kevin C. , Waxman Eleanor M. , Hoenig Eli , Cermak Michael , Choate Chris , Hesselius Daniel , Coddington Ian , Newbury Nathan R.
Published: February 2021

We demonstrate a new method for rapid quantification of emissions from point or small area sources via direct flux measurement using open-path dual-comb spectroscopy to a retroflector on a UAV.
On-chip Spectroscopy of CO2 with MIR Waveguides
Authors: Gylfason Kristinn B. , Ottonello-Briano Floria , Errando-Herranz Carlos , Rodjegard Henrik , Martin Hans , Sohlstrom Hans
Published: February 2021

We review our recent work on spectroscopic sensing of carbon dioxide in the mid-infrarded region around 4.3 pm using suspended silicon waveguides. Our waveguides are built on standard silicon-on-insulator substrates and acheive high sensitivity to gas.
Trace Gas Detection through Spectroscopy Using Thin-Film Waveguides with Extraordinarily Confined Guided Light
Authors: Datta Anurup , Vlk Marek , Alberti Sebastian , Yallew Henock D. , Murugan Ganapathy Senthil , Jägerskä Jana
Published: February 2021

Spectroscopic measurements of acetylene are performed with chip-integrated thin-film membrane waveguides based on Ta2Os platform in MIR. Results show an excellent fit with the theoretical database and promise outstanding sensing performance with an on-chip device.
Gas Sensing Applications Using Miniaturized Optical Sensing Systems
Authors: Wilier Ulrike , Mordmueller Mario , Schade Wolfgang
Published: February 2021

In this review, two different methods for gas sensing applications are highlighted: QEPAS and a fiberoptic sensor relying on a change of refractive index when the target species is present.
Comparison of NOAA’s CLAP Measurements to Aerosol Absorption from Number Concentration
Authors: Fiorino Steven , Keefer Kevin , Grossnickle Julie
Published: February 2021

In this paper we describe AFIT CDE’s initial testing of the NOAA CLAP instrument as it prepares to join the NOAA FAN. Results suggest aerosol absorption can be fairly accurately deduced from particle number concentrations.
Quadrature Mach Zehnder Interferometers for LIDAR Remote Sensing of Winds and Aerosols in the Planetary Boundary Layer Through the Lower Stratosphere
Authors: Tucker Sara , Applegate Jeff , Walters Brooke , Weimer Carl
Published: February 2021

We present different quadrature Mach Zehnder interferometer configurations used in Optical Autocovariance Wind Lidar (OAWL) systems to measure winds and aerosol properties through the full troposphere using lidar returns backscattered from atmospheric aerosols and molecules.
Applications of portable LIBS for actinide analysis
Authors: Rao Ashwin P. , Auxier John D. , Vu Dung M. , Shattan Michael B.
Published: February 2021

A portable LIBS device was used for rapid elemental impurity analysis of plutonium alloys. This device demonstrates the potential for fast, accurate m-sfiw chemical analysis and could significantly reduce the fabrication time of plutonium alloys.
Femtosecond Pure Rotational Chirped-Probe-Pulse CARS for singleshot thermometry in flames
Authors: Legros Sylvain , Kulatilaka Waruna , Barviau Benoit , Grisch Frédéric
Published: February 2021

Recent experiments on the development of pure rotational Chirped-Probe Pulse CARS have been reported for various gas mixtures and different temperature conditions. This diagnostic offers an interesting alternative to perform temperature measurements compared to vibrational CPP fs and hybrid fs/ps CARS.
High-Pressure Femtosecond Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (FLIPS) for Combustion Diagnostics
Authors: Patnaik Anil K. , Lauriola Daniel , Braun Eric , Hsu Paul , Meyer Terrence R. , Roy Sukesh
Published: February 2021

Femtosecond-laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (FLIPS) has been shown to generate high stability signal at higher pressures. FLIPS of N2 and CO2 for pressures 1-60 bar using a 100- fs laser duration shows excellent signal stability.
In-situ laser diagnostic of nanoparticle formation and transport by phase-selective laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Ren Yihua
Published: February 2021

Phase-selective laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, a type of atomic spectroscopy, is discovered and developed to a diagnostic technique for tracing the gas-to-particle conversion of different elements and measuring the particle volume fraction in reactive nanoaerosol flows.
Narrow-band multiple-wavelengths DBR-ridge waveguide diode lasers customized for sensor applications
Authors: Sumpf Bernd , Müller André , Maiwald Martin
Published: February 2021

Monolithic narrow-band multi-wavelength stabilized diode lasers emitting between 760mn and 1064mn for direct sensor applications using Raman- or absorption spectroscopy, MIR upconverson imaging and THz spectroscopy will be presented.
Continuous-Filtering Vernier Spectrometer with Improved Design and Performance
Authors: Vieira Francisco Senna , Lu Chuang , Silander Isak , Giuszek Aleksander , Sobon Grzegorz , Foltynowicz Aleksandra
Published: February 2021

We present a robust cavity-enhanced comb-based spectrometer with a 6.6 GHz resolution and 60 Hz acquisition rate, based on the continuous-filtering Vernier principle, a fixed diffraction grating, a custom-made chopper wheel, and a low-bandwidth comb-cavity stabilization scheme. We measure a CO2 spectrum with 5 x 10-8 cm-1 sensitivity in 17 ms.
Quantitative Analysis of Monosodium Glutamate using Continuous Wave Terahertz Spectroscopy
Authors: Garg Diksha , Bandyopadhyay Aparajita , Sengupta Amartya
Published: February 2021

A continuous-wave terahertz system was used to determine the concentration of monosodium glutamate. A significant absorption peak at 1.55 THz was observed and a calibration technique is proposed for the rapid estimation of its concentration.
A comparison between laser absorption spectroscopy and Faraday rotation spectroscopy for HO2 detection in a photolysis reactor
Authors: Teng Chu C. , Yan Chao , Zhong Hongtao , Rousso Aric , Ju Yiguang , Wysocki Gerard
Published: February 2021

We perform HO2 detection in a photolysis reactor by means of conventional laser absorption spectroscopy and Faraday rotation spectroscopy. The advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are evaluated for this application.
Broad tunable ECDL concept based on a MEMS device for the NIR and MIR spectral regime
Authors: Hoppe Morten , Rohling Hanna , Schmidtmann Sebastian , Tatenguem Herve , Grahmann Jan , Milde Tobias , Schanze Thomas , Sacher Joachim R.
Published: February 2021

A wide and ultrafast tunable ECDL concept based on a MEMS device for the NIR and MIR spectral regime is presented. Results of laser performance, the possibility of ultra-fast hming and application examples are shown.
From Wind Tunnels to Flight Vehicles: Visualization and quantitative measurements supporting NASA’s space program
Authors: Inman Jennifer A. , Danehy Paul M.
Published: February 2021

NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) and Orion Crew Module have been studied in wind tunnels using the planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) technique for flow visualization and quantitative thermometry and in flight using high-resolution imagery and quantitative infrared surface heating measurements This paper reviews both types of measurements.
Assessment of Camera-Based 2D Phosphor Surface Thermometry in a Gas Turbine Model Combustor
Authors: Arndt Christoph M. , Nau Patrick , Meier Wolfgang
Published: February 2021

2D phosphor thermometiy for wall temperature measurements in a gas turbine model combustor is experimentally assessed. Temperature-dependent and spatially resolved decay times were recorded using a high-speed CMOS camera and the measurement accuracy is discussed.
Spectral analysis of organic LED emitters’ orientation in thin layers by resonant emission on dielectric stacks
Authors: Danz Norbert , Occhicone Agostino , Pflumm Christof , Munzert Peter , Michelotti Francesco , Michaelis Dirk
Published: February 2021

Purposely tailored thin film stacks sustaining surface waves have been utilized to create a unique link between emission angle and wavelength of fluorescent dye molecules. The knowledge of the thin film stack’s properties allows us to derive the intrinsically emitted luminescence spectrum as well as to gain information about the orientation of fluorophores from angularly resolved experiments. This corresponds to replacing all the equipment necessary for polarized spectroscopy with a single smart thin film stack, potentially enabling single shot analyses in the future. The experimental results agree well with those from other established techniques, when analyzing the Rubrene derivative in a 2,4,6-tris(biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (T2T) host used for the fabrication of optimized organic light-emitting diodes. The findings illustrate how resonant layered stacks can be applied to integrated spectroscopic analyses.
Rigorous expressions of Huygens’ principle in scalar theory
Authors: Fu Malong , Zhao Yang
Published: February 2021

The Huygens’ principle is thoroughly investigated under scalar theory. The rigorous expressions of Huygens’ principle must be independent of ∂u/∂n, and their boundaries can only be taken as either spherical or flat; thus, three cases can be concluded. An extended version of Huygens’ principle is proposed to cover these cases, whose rigorous expressions are shown in this paper. Specifically, when the radius of the spherical boundary approaches infinity, the corresponding expressions become the form corresponding to the flat boundary. Expressions with spherical boundary can change the area and average intensity of small angle diffraction pattern proportionally, thus providing a promising mathematical tool for the design of curved imaging systems.
Brightness enhancement in random Raman fiber laser based on a graded-index fiber with high-power multimode pumping
Authors: Chen Yizhu , Fan Chenchen , Yao Tianfu , Xiao Hu , Leng Jinyong , Zhou Pu , Nemov Ilya N. , Kuznetsov Alexey G. , Babin Sergey A.
Published: February 2021

A brightness-enhanced random Raman fiber laser (RRFL) with maximum power of 306 W at 1120 nm is demonstrated. A half-open cavity is built based on a graded-index (GRIN) passive fiber and single high-reflective fiber Bragg grating written in it directly. Due to the beam cleanup effect in the GRIN fiber enhanced in the half-open RRFL cavity, the output beam quality factor

M

2

is improved from 9.15 (pump) to 1.76–2.35 (Stokes) depending on power, while the pump–Stokes brightness enhancement (BE) factor increases proportionally to output power reaching 6.1 at maximum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest power GRIN RRFL with BE.
200 µJ, 13  ns Er:ZBLAN mid-infrared fiber laser actively Q-switched by an electro-optic modulator
Authors: Shen Yanlong , Wang Yousheng , Zhu Feng , Ma Lianying , Zhao Liu , Chen Zhengge , Wang Hao , Huang Chao , Huang Ke , Feng Guobin
Published: February 2021

We report, as far as we know for the first time, on a pulsed 2.7 µm Er:ZBLAN fiber laser

Q

-switched by an electro-optic modulator. The

Q

-switched operation was achieved with a repetition rate range of 100 Hz–50 kHz. Pulse energy of 205.7 µJ and pulse width down to 13.1 ns, yielding a peak power of 15.7 kW, were obtained at a repetition rate of 100 Hz. The linewidth of the output spectrum was as narrow as 0.4 nm. The pulse width and the pulse peak power, to the best of our knowledge, are currently the shortest and the highest in the 3-µm-band

Q

-switched fiber lasers, respectively.
Development of a terahertz time-domain scanner for topographic imaging of spherical targets
Authors: Virk Arjun S. , Harris Zachery B. , Arbab M. Hassan
Published: February 2021

Topographical abnormality in corneal tissue is a common diagnostic marker for many eye diseases and injuries. Using an asynchronous optical sampling terahertz time-domain spectroscopy setup, we developed a non-contact and normal-incidence imaging system to measure topographic changes along the surface of spherical samples. We obtained orthogonal 1D scans of calibration spheres to evaluate the minimum axial resolution of our system. We determined the axial and spatial resolution of the scanner using 3D-printed spherical cross and Boehler star targets. Furthermore, we characterized the asymmetrical performance of the scanner due to the use of an off-axis parabolic mirror. Finally, we developed an edge-detection filter to aid with improving the topographic scans. We showed that when imaging samples were comparable in size to the human cornea, the axial and spherical spatial resolutions were limited to about 15 µm (

∼
λ

/

67

) and 1 mm, respectively.
Classification of beams with orbital angular momentum propagating through weak atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Avramov-Zamurovic Svetlana , Nelson Charles , Esposito Joel
Published: February 2021

A set of laser beams carrying orbital angular momentum was propagated in weak atmospheric turbulence. Coherent combining of four original beams produced sixteen distinct beams that were imaged and classified using basic machine learning methods.
Generating genuine partially coherent sources using complex transmittance screens
Authors: Hyde Milo W.
Published: February 2021

We describe how to synthesize stochastic instances of any genuine partially coherent field using complex screens. The primary utility of this work will be in simulating partially coherent beams propagating through random and complex media.
Lucky Imaging and Local Resolution Statistics
Authors: Hunt Bobby R , Iler Amber , Rucci Michael
Published: February 2021

The probability of a diffraction limited image in the presence of atmospheric turbulence was formulated by Fried in 1978. Implications of that analysis regarding general statistics of ro for a fixed aperhrre size are derived.
Wavefront sensing at the focal plane: current status and future possibilities
Authors: Bharmal Nazim Ali
Published: February 2021

Images at the focal plane are most sensitive to wavefront aberrations but cannot be trivially used to measure those aberrations. I discuss existing methods and new research directions.
Spatial Variabilities of Optical Turbulence Observations Measured at the High Energy Laser System Test Facility
Authors: Yamaguchi Ryan T. , Wang Qing , Kalogiros John A. , Alvarenga Oswaldo
Published: February 2021

Extensive hirbulence, meteorological and aerosol observations were collected to characterize the optical scintillation and extinction at the High Energy Laser System Test Facility along a 2-km path. Data are presented to show their spatial variabilities.
Design of an airborne multi-channel laser Doppler anemometer for real-time wind vector measurements
Authors: Kliebisch Oliver , Mahnke Peter , Lorbeer Raoul-Amadeus , Damm Matthias
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a laser Doppler anemometer with FPGA-based real-time wind vector retrieval using four measurement channels and design considerations for the application as an aircraft-integrated airspeed sensor are discussed.
Pressure detection via tunable diode laser spectroscopy in the oxygen A-Band
Authors: Lorbeer Raoul-Amadeus , Kliebisch Oliver , Mahnke Peter , Ortega Cristina Beneitez , Di Capua Francesco , Weber Julian , Damm Matthias
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the determination of atmospheric pressure by hmable diode laser spectroscopy of absorption lines in the oxygen A-band. As a major parameter the linewidth of single absorption lines is evaluated.
Non-contact Interferometric Technique for Fabrication of Silica Microspheres with Improved Ellipticity
Authors: Harvey C. M. , Mühlberger K. , Fokine M.
Published: February 2021

Monitoring the back-scattered light from a microsphere, acting as a low-Q concentric cavity interferometer, enables non-contact, in-situ measurement of diameter variations. The interferometric technique is used for improving ellipticity during microsphere fabrication and characterization.
Dual-band Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber for Multiple Gas Detection in the Near- and Mid-IR
Authors: Jaworski Piotr , Yu Fei , Bojęś Piotr , Wu Dakun , Kozioł Paweł , Dudzik Grzegorz , Abramski Krzysztof , Liao Meisong , Krzempek Karol
Published: February 2021

We have fabricated an Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber enabling efficient guidance in the Near- and Mid-IR and demonstrated its application to simultaneous detection of methane and carbon dioxide using Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy.
Tunable quantum-cascade laser pumped molecular lasers for terahertz imaging
Authors: Chevalier Paul , Amirzhan Arman , Wang Fan , Piccardo Marco , Johnson Steven G. , Capasso Federico , Everitt Henry O.
Published: February 2021

We demonstrate a new class of optically pumped far-infrared lasers using quantum cascade lasers as the pump. Following an initial demonstration using nitrous oxide, we show how we can generate light at THz frequencies using different gases.
Self-mixing velocity sensors based on terahertz quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Yang Ning , Li Yuanyuan , Chu Weidong
Published: February 2021

Terahertz quantum cascade lasers (THz QCLs) are more stable than conventional diode lasers under strong self-mixing feedbacks. Then multi-target velocity sensors based on THz QCLs and their phase-locked arrays are proposed.
Nanophotonic compressed sensing with small dipole arrays
Authors: Buijs Robin D. , Wolterink Tom A. W. , Gerini Giampiero , Verhagen Ewold , Koenderink A. Femius
Published: February 2021

We study how control of illumination conditions allows manipulation of nanoscale optical fields near plasmonic metasurface patches. Discrete dipole modelling reveals how we can construct complete bases and perform compressed sensing.
Unraveling phase and amplitude computationally using frequency combs
Authors: Burghoff David
Published: February 2021

Frequency combs are light sources whose lines are perfectly evenly-spaced. We will discuss how computational techniques can be used to elucidate their hidden properties and can be used to create novel sensors based on combs.
Serum Choline Detection using Ultrathin Manganese Dioxide Nanosheets on U-Bent Fiber Optic Sensor
Authors: Nair Aswathy M. , Arali Santosh , Mukherji Soumyo
Published: February 2021

During pregnancy, monitoring serum choline level is important to prevent prenatal neural tube defects. H2O2, produced by choline-choline oxidase reaction, reduces MnO2 nanosheets on the optical sensor, thereby detecting choline indirectly. Sensor's LOD is 0.5pM.
Ultra-sensitive Brillouin nanofiber force sensor
Authors: Godet Adrien , Chrétien Jacques , Huy Kien Phan , Beugnot Jean-Charles
Published: February 2021

We used Brillouin scattering in silica nanofiber to demonstrate a microNewton force sensor having weak optical losses and using only one access of the nanofiber. The measurements are in good agreement with the theoretical model.
Guided-Mode Resonance Sensor Data Inversion for Bulk and Surface Variables
Authors: Buchanan-Vega Joseph A. , Abdallah Mohammad G. , Wenner Brett R , Allen Jeffrey W. , Allen Monica S. , Magnusson Robert
Published: February 2021

We determine the bulk index of a buffer and the surface index and thickness of an analyte. We use sensitivity data to calculate nominal variable changes and a lookup table for larger deviations.