bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PLANNING LABOUR
Authors: Cucu Alina-Sandra
Published: April 2024

Impoverished, indebted, and underdeveloped at the close of World War II, Romania underwent dramatic changes as part of its transition to a centrally planned economy. As with the Soviet experience, it pursued a policy of “primitive socialist accumulation” whereby the state appropriated agricultural surplus and restricted workers’ consumption in support of industrial growth. Focusing on the daily operations of planning in the ethnically mixed city of Cluj from 1945 to 1955, this book argues that socialist accumulation was deeply contradictory: it not only inherited some of the classical tensions of capital accumulation, but also generated its own, which derived from the multivocal nature of the state socialist worker as a creator of value, as living labour, and as a subject of emancipatory politics.
ONE SOUND, TWO WORLDS
Authors: Rauhut Michael
Published: April 2024

For all of its apparent simplicity—a few chords, twelve bars, and a supposedly straightforward American character—blues music is a complex phenomenon with cultural significance that has varied greatly across different historical contexts. One Sound, Two Worlds examines the development of the blues in East and West Germany, demonstrating the multiple ways social and political conditions can shape the meaning of music. Based on new archival research and conversations with key figures, this comparative study provides a cultural, historical, and musicological account of the blues and the impact of the genre not only in the two Germanys, but also in debates about the history of globalization.
MONEY GAMES
Authors: Pickles Anthony J.
Published: April 2024

Gambling in Papua New Guinea, despite being completely absent prior to the Colonial era, has come to supersede storytelling as the region’s main nighttime activity. Money Games is an ethnographic monograph which reveals the contemporary importance of gambling in urban Papua New Guinea. Rich ethnographic detail is coupled with cross-cultural comparison which span the globe. This anthropological study of everyday economics in Melanesia thereby intersects with theories of money, value, play, informal economy, social change and leadership.
Mater Sempre Certa Est – Should We Register Transsexual Woman-to-Man as a Father? Remarks on the ECHR Judgment O.H. and G.H. v. Germany
Authors: Pirošíková Marica , Fialová Jitka , Zdechovský Tomáš
Published: April 2024

The study is designed as an in-depth interdisciplinary report of the case O.H. and G.H. against Germany, which was analyzed by the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg (ECHR). The authors explain why the best interest of the child should prevail over the interests of a trans man, who gave birth to a child and requests to be registered as the father of the child. One of the reasons is mater semper certa est, a universally known principle of Roman law stating that “the mother is always certain” and no counterevidence can be made against this principle. In this regard, the best interest of the child and the child’s right to know his or her origin shall be observed. There are also several other life areas, that would be negatively impacted by breaking this principle.
Digital Competences and Digital Skills in the Legal Regulation of the Digital Transformation of the European Union
Authors: Szpor Grażyna , Hajduk Paweł
Published: April 2024

In the digital transformation process, the phases focusing on technical and economic aspects were followed by a phase exposing human capital issues. In approximately 3,000 acts of the European Union relating to the digital transformation process published in Eur-lex, as well as in an increasing number of national acts of the Member States, the terms “digital competences” and “digital skills” appear. They occur, inter alia, in the context of the financing of development tasks and their achievement indicators. In the application of existing law, it must be taken into account that the scopes and interrelationships of these new terms are framed differently. This ambiguity may have a negative impact on the effectiveness of digital transformation. It is postulated that the terminological consistency of the multi-level regulation should be improved and, in doing so, it should be noted that the prominence of digital skills in prospective acts and the way in which knowledge is captured can affect the use of the potential of universities.
„Pułapka Tukidydesa” 2.0 (komentarz socjologiczny w spolaryzowanym społeczeństwie)
Authors: Łęcki Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

Artykuł poświęcony jest próbie odpowiedzi na pytanie: w jakim stopniu konflikt ostatnich kilkunastu lat w Polsce, funkcjonujący w dyskursie społecznym i publicystyce jako „wojna polsko-polska”, spełnia modelowe warunki uprawniające do określania go mianem „wojny domowej”? Jako model tego typu starcia wybrano opis wojny domowej w Korkirze. Zdecydowano się na tę perspektywę z dwu powodów; pierwszy – bo pozwala przedstawić problem podobnego konfliktu sine ira et studio. Drugi – w tym samym duchu – pozwala przedyskutować problem statusu poznawczego „zaangażowanego obserwatora” w spolaryzowanym społeczeństwie, a więc także takie kwestie jak obiektywizm, stronniczość czy – tak szeroko dyskutowany w przestrzeni medialnej ostatnich lat – symetryzm. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą sprawdzenia sensowności pewnego typu analitycznego podejścia do rozumienia silnie spolaryzowanej współczesności. Szczególnym układem odniesienia pozostaje tu interpretacja przyjętych za modelowe przypadków historycznych. Za wyborem takiej właśnie perspektywy zdaje się przemawiać nie tylko możliwość ukazania istotnych socjologicznie, a trwałych konturów interpretowanego zjawiska. Jej zaleta tkwi także w możliwości zdystansowania się od nasyconego emocjami dyskursu aktualnych politycznych sporów.
Phytochrome-Dependent Regulation of Melon Resistance to Fusarium Wilt
Authors: Akhmedzhanov I. G. , Khotamov M. M. , Ganiev F. K. , Lyan E. E.
Published: April 2024

The effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with light in the red spectral region on the resistance of melon plants (Cucumis melo) of the cultivar Kichkintoy to Fusarium wilt damage caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis was investigated. The directly-opposite effects of red and far red light on the degree of plant damage by the pathogen, which was determined by the special symptoms of the disease on the leaves and stems of plants, were revealed. When alternating seed treatment with red and far red light, the final effect was determined by the type of irradiation that acted last. The results of photobiological testing made it possible to establish the participation of the phytochrome system in the control of the resistance of melon plants of the cv. Kichkintoy to Fusarium wilt. It is shown that there is a high positive correlation between the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence induction of leaves reflecting the functional activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and the degree of damage to plants grown from non-irradiated seeds and seeds irradiated with red light. The results of the conducted studies establish the possibility of effective regulation of the resistance of the melon cv. Kichkintoy to the defeat of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis through photoactivation of the phytochrome system of seeds before sowing.
Connection between the Dipole Polarizabilities of Charged and Neutral π-Mesons
Authors: Fil’kov L. V.
Published: April 2024

In light of the contribution of the states with isospin I = 0in the difference of the amplitudes of the processes γγ → π+π− and 0 being very small, the dispersion sum rules for the difference betweenthe dipole polarizabilities of the charged and neutral pions are analyzed as a function of the σ meson’s parameters. Using the value of the chiral theory of perturbations for (α1 − β1)π0 = −1.9, (α1 − β1)π± =9.4−8.2 is found for the σ meson parameter within the region mσ = 400−550 MeV, Γσ = 400−600 MeV, Γσ→γγ = 0−3 keV. Estimated optimum value of decay width σ → γγ yields Γσ→γγ 0.7 keV.
Russian view on the political landscape of Latin America
Authors: Kanunnikov Anatoly Alekseevich
Published: April 2024

The article analyses the collective monograph “Latin America: political landscape against the backdrop of turbulence”, published at the Institute of Latin America of the Russian Academy of Sciences, edited by Doctor of Political Sciences Z.V. Ivanovsky. The monograph attempts to answer the questions, what path of development the countries of Latin America will take and how they will build their relations with the outside world in the new geopolitical reality. The answers are of great importance for predicting the nature of future relations between the countries of Latin America and the European Union. The author gives an assessment of the alignment of political forces in the face of new challenges both in individual countries and in the region as a whole. Particular emphasis is placed on the results of the latest election campaigns that are shaping a new political landscape in Latin America. The author notes that there are chances for solving deep social problems in Latin America, overcoming interstate contradictions and intensifying integration processes.
German food security in times of crisis
Authors: Khorolskaya Maria Vital'evna
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the German food security during the conflict in Ukraine. The study analyses the German food system resilience and the Ukrainian crisis impact on food security. The author aims to solve several scientific problems as well. The article examines the German understanding of food security and how the national concept corresponds to the approaches of international organisations. The author analyses the level of self-sufficiency in basic food products in Germany and the impact of the Ukrainian conflict on various imported food products. She examines official documents of the UN FAO, the government of Germany, and the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food to identify the conception of food security in Germany. The researcher scrutinises statistic data provided by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, the Federal Office for Food and Agriculture, the Federal Statistical Office and concludes about the level of German self-sufficiency in food. The interpretation of data data of fluctuations in the supply of oilseeds and oil reveals the effect of Ukrainian crisis on German food security as well. Official papers and statistic data analysis shows that Germany achieved self-sufficiency in basic food. The country focuses on strengthening the sustainability of agriculture and improving food quality in its national strategic papers. The weak element of food security is imports of oil and oilseeds, the supply of which declined in 2022. At the same time, raising prices and declining supplies of gas and fertilisers can become a serious threat to food security.
European Union transregional cooperation with Latin America: perspectives, opportunities, constraints
Authors: Tayar Violetta Makariosovna , Ponomarev Evgeny Alekseevich
Published: April 2024

The article focuses on modern development of the transregional cooperation between the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The study is based on official documents, on the European think tanks’ studies, as well as the conceptual vision of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). The research provides the main directions of short-term and medium-term transregional interaction between the EU and LAC. The authors consider the energy transition as one of the promising areas of transatlantic cooperation for the near future which can stimulate economic growth and production transformations in the LAC region. The article addresses the issue of building the strategic autonomy of the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean. The authors describe three scenarios of LAC’s development in terms of transregional cooperation with the EU. It is concluded that the European Union in the context of a changing world order is trying to make Latin America and the Caribbean economically and technologically dependent through the implementation of investment programs as part of the green agenda on the way to an accelerated global energy transition.
Ancestors against order: two models of Immortal regiment
Authors: Kirziuk A. A , Arkhipova A. S , Gavrilova M. V , Kozlova I. V , Belyanin S. V
Published: April 2024

The paper focuses on the two most common models of organization of the Immortal Regiment. We call the first the “social order” model. Its aim is to demonstrate the local community in its ideal condition. Such a procession is clearly structured, its participants are often uniformed, and the place of each participant depends on his or her belonging to one or another professional/age group. The second type of organization of the procession is called the “cult of ancestors” model. In this case, the order of the columns and the appearance of the portrait bearers do not matter, since the main participants in the procession are not the living, but the dead. The success of the procession organized according to this model is measured by the strength of its emotional effect: ideally, participants and spectators cry in catharsis. Describing these two models in detail, we examine the conflicts between their adherents, as well as analyze the motivations of the organizers and ordinary participants in the processions.
Not only former colonies but the whole contemporary world is postcolonial
Authors: Bondarenko D. M , Filippova E. I
Published: April 2024

A wide range of issues related to attempts at nation-building in formerly colonial African and Asian countries is discussed in the interview with the corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, vice-director of the Institute for African Studies, Dmitri Bondarenko, around his new book “Postcolonial Nations in Historical and Cultural Context”. These issues are considered in a broader cultural, historical, and geographical context that covers countries of the Global North and the Global South from Antiquity to the present. The central topic is multiplicity of manifestations of phenomena such as nation, modernity, secularity, and democracy. The prospects of multiculturalism as the basis for emerging and transforming nations are assessed.
HORSE SACRIFICE IN FUNERAL RITES (based on the Bronze and Early Iron Age burials in Armenia)
Authors: Tumanyan Garegin S.
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the problem of horse sacrifice in funeral rites using data of Bronze and Early Iron Age sepulchres in Armenia. To begin with, the study highlights the cultic-ritual role of a horse as a mythological creature, sacramental animal, divine attribute, etc. In this regard, the Armenian epos and petroglyphs are discussed. Horse sacrifice in other rites is also reviewed. As horse is the closest-to-human animal for Indo-Europeans, the author refers widely to the known archaeological and ethnographical evidence on the subject not only from Armenia but also from other countries in discussing the role and significance of the horse sacrifice in funeral rites. The presence of horse in sepulchral complexes demonstrates that human perceptions linked this animal to the abode of the dead. The tie between the horse and the next world also indicates that, in the beliefs of those times, this animal possibly served as a mediator between the worlds. Ethnographic and folkloristic sources and explorations help to reconstruct the main function of the horse in funeral rites. Most probably, ritual horse assumed the role of transferring the deceased from this world to the other, which is one of the most important functions contributing to the revival of the deceased.
SYSTEMATIZATION OF PATCH WORKING POTTERY TECHNIQUES
Authors: Volkova Elena V.
Published: April 2024

The article focuses on clarifying the terms for the technology of “patch making”. The ambiguity in the use of some specific terms in the Russian archaeological literature prompted the author to attempt to systematize the terms that characterize this mode of pottery making. As a result, the following clarifications are proposed: 1) a patch as a construction element can be lumpy and coiled; 2) according to the methods of application, lumpy patch can be unsystematic, fan-shaped and ring-zonal, while coil patch making is most often spiral-shaped, ring-zonal or spiral-zonal one. The article provides a detailed substantiation of the author’s proposals. A stable connection between construction elements and the ways in which they are pressed up together often enables to do more rigorous and unambiguous definitions of the the technique of archaeological ceramics making.
THE FATE OF THE STATE ACADEMY FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE AT THE TURNING POINT: AN UNDISPATCHED LETTER OF F.V. KIPARISOV TO S.M. KIROV
Authors: Zastrozhnova Evgenia G. , Medvedeva Maria V.
Published: April 2024

In 1934, the Academy for the History of Material Culture (SAHMC), a leading archaeological institution of Russia, faced a challenge. The Chairman of SAHMC, Academician Nikolai Ya. Marr, who had headed it for many years, was dying, and urgent measures had to be taken to ensure successful work of the Academy after his death. Deputy Chairman F.V. Kiparisov decided to address a letter to the party leader of Leningrad Sergey Kirov in order to secure the leading positions of SAHMC in science; he asked for a personal appointment with Kirov to discuss the future of the Academy and proposed a programme for further development of the institution. The drafts of the letter were prepared in November 1934, shortly before the assassination of S.M. Kirov, but the letter itself was probably never sent to the addressee. The papers are kept in the archival collection of SAHMC at Archives of the Institute for the History of Material Culture RAS. Its full publication will provide important new information on the history of SAHMC activities in the context of the general development of Russian academic science during the troubled period of the 1930s.
ON THE POTTERY TECHNOLOGY OF THE POPULATION OF THE SOUTH-WESTERN CRIMEA IN THE LATE ROMAN PERIOD (BASED ON MATERIALS OF HAND-MADE POTTERY)
Authors: Sukhanov Evgeny V.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the manufacturing technology of hand-made ware from three burial grounds in the South-Western Crimea, which functioned from the second half of the 1st to the late 4th – early 5th century AD: Kil-Dere 1, Sovkhoz 10 and Frontovoye 3. The study was guided by the historical and cultural approach based on the methodology developed by A.A. Bobrinsky. It was established that on the territory of the South-Western Crimea there were two cultural traditions of making hand-made ware during the late Roman period. Their common feature was the use of crushed shells as an artificial inclusion in the preparation of pastes. Points of difference between the identified traditions manifested themselves in the types of clays used, methods of their preparation before the formation of pastes, methods of processing the outer surface of the vessels, and methods of firing the products. One of the traditions dominates in the materials of the Kil-Dere 1 necropolis and prevails in the materials from the Sovkhoz 10 necropolis, while the second is massively represented in the Frontovoye 3 necropolis.
The Impact of T- and L-Type Calcium Channels Blockers on Pulmonary Microhemodynamics in Experimental Model of Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Authors: Evlakhov V. I. , Poyassov I. Z. , Berezina T. P.
Published: April 2024

In acute experiments on isolated perfused rabbit’s Сhinchilla lungs changes of pulmonary microhemodynamics were studied in case of pulmonary embolization in the comparison group and after pretreatment with ethosuximide, mibefradil, chloroquine and nifedipine. In response to administration of T-type Ca2+-channel blockers ethosuximide and mibefradil, pulmonary artery pressure, precapillary and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased approximately to the same extent, postcapillary resistance did not change. After pretreatment with chloroquine pulmonary artery pressure, precapillary and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased more than in response to the administration of ethosuximide and mibefradil and the antagonist of L-type Ca2+-channels nifedipine; postcapillary resistance decreased. In the case of chloroquine administration combined with infusion of the KATP- channel blocker glibenclamide, most parameters of pulmonary microcirculation decreased almost to the same extent as in response to mibefradil administration, and postcapillary resistance did not change. After pretreatment with chloroquine in response to pulmonary embolization, pulmonary vascular resistance, pre- and postcapillary resistance increased less pronounced than with thromboembolism after pretreatment with ethosuximide, mibefradil and nifedipine. When modeling thromboembolism after pretreatment with chloroquine combined with KATP-channels blocker glibenclamide, the studied hemodynamics parameters increased to the same extent as after nifedipine pretreatment. Thus, chloroquine exhibits the properties of L- and T-type Ca2+-channels blocker, as well as an activator of KATP-channels, whereas ethosuximide has a blocking effect mainly on T-type Ca2+-channels of smooth muscle cells of pulmonary arterial vessels. Shifts of capillary filtration coefficient under these conditions depend more on changes of precapillary resistance than from the changes of permeability of endothelium of pulmonary vessels.
H2S-Mediated Dilation of Pial Arteries in Rats of Different Ages: Contribution of KATP and BKCa-Channels
Authors: Gorshkova O. P. , Sokolova I. B.
Published: April 2024

Reactions of pial arteries to exogenous hydrogen sulfide exposure and assessment of the contribution of KATP and BKCa-channels to H2S-mediated dilation was studied in rats of different ages. Intravital microphotography in Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4 and 18 months was used to study the reactions of pial arteries of various diameters to the exposure of exogenous hydrogen sulfide donor solution – sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 30 μM), as well as their change with the preliminary use of potassium channel blockers: KATP (glibenclamide, 10 μM) and BKCa (tetraethyl ammonium, 2 mM). It was found that inhibition of H2S-mediated dilation of pial arteries and increase in constrictor responses to exogenous hydrogen sulfide exposure are taking place in rats with age. Age-related changes in H2S-induced dilatory response of the pial arteries in rats depend on the size of the vessels. With age, there is a decrease in the number of dilations of pial arteries with a diameter of more than 20 μm. At the same time, aging does not affect the dilatation of smaller arteries. These disorders are probably associated with changes in the processes caused by the activation of potassium channels. It was found that aging is accompanied by the increasing of KATP-channels contribution to the implementation of H2S-mediated dilation in pial arteries with diameters less than 40 μm. BKCa-channels contribution to the dilatation decreases with age. In 18 months, rats, these channels barely participate in H2S-mediated dilation in arteries with diameters more than 20 μm.
Fractional composition of protein polymers of corn grain
Authors: Bolotova O. I , Sazonova I. A , Bychkova V. V
Published: April 2024

The study of the fractional composition of protein polymers of corn grain was carried out in order to identify the most valuable varieties that have a high protein value, which will allow the further use of these varieties of corn as a component of feed. The objects of the study were maize varieties of the FGBNU RosNIISK "Rossorgo" breeding: RNIISK 1, RSK Zarya, Raduga, RSK Avrora, RSK Graskorn, Artemida, RSK 7, RSK 3, RSK 354, Nova, Zukerka, 421/20. The work was carried out in the Saratov region in 2020-2021. Mature crushed grain was used for analysis. The studies were carried out by the extraction method to separate proteins into fractions according to the Osborne scheme in triplicate. In terms of the amount of water-soluble proteins - albumins, the varieties Artemida (16.98 g/100 g of protein), Nova (16.83 g/100 g of protein), RSK Graskorn (16.32 g/100 g of protein) and Zuckerka (15. 68 g/100 g protein). The Raduga variety was characterized by the highest content of glutelins among the studied samples (25.69 g/100 g of protein), the lowest by Zukerka (16.68 g/100 g of protein). The highest amount of prolamins in the grain was noted in the Raduga variety (23.47 g/100 g of protein), followed by the RSK-7 line (22.89 g/100 g of protein) and the RSK Avrora variety (22.2 g/100 g of protein)). The lowest content of insoluble protein in the residue was recorded in the grain of the Zukerka variety (12.45 g/100 g of protein). The most complete protein, which was distinguished by the highest content of water- and salt-soluble fractions with a simultaneously low amount of insoluble protein residue, was characterized by Artemis and Nova hybrids.
The effectiveness of applying various doses of nitrogen fertilizer on spring triticale in the conditions of the Moscow region
Authors: Alenicheva A. D , Shchukina O. A
Published: April 2024

Nitrogen is a key element in achieving high yields of grain crops. The study of the reaction of new varieties to the use of nitrogen fertilizers in eld experiments allows us to identify the most e ective techniques for realizing potential yields in speci c soil and climatic conditions. The research was carried out in 2020-2021 in the conditions of the Moscow region on sod-podzolic heavy loamy soils with a low humus content (1.3…1.7 %), high phosphorus content, average potassium content. The scheme of the experiment involved studying the e ect of increasing and fractional doses of nitrogen fertilizer from 30 to 150 kg of active substance per hectare, introduced in the form of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). Fertilization was carried out manually by seedlings, in variants with fractional application, the second dose was introduced into the exit phase into the tube. The objects of research were the varieties of spring triticale Timiryazevskaya 42 and Botanicheskaya 4, registered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2022. Nitrogen fertilizers increase the height of plants of the Timiryazevskaya 42 variety by 4.7…10.2 cm, and the Botanicheskaya 4 variety by 8.7…10.1 cm. At the same time, the lodging of crops in the prevailing meteorological conditions was not noted in all variants of the experiment. When applying nitrogen fertilizers in doses from 90 to 120 kg / ha, the increase in grain yield on the Timiryazevskaya 42 variety was 3.61…5.10 t/ha to control (without fertilizers), on the Botanicheskaya 4 variety - 2.71…2.42 t/ha. The highest yield in the experiment was obtained when applying nitrogen fertilizers on the Timiryazevskaya 42 variety at a dose of 120 kg/ha - 9.99 t/ha, on the Botanicheskaya variety at a dose of 90 kg/ha - 7.16 t/ ha. The removal of batteries without fertilizers and high yields, when applying high doses of nitrogen fertilizers, indicate a higher yield potential of the Timiryazevskaya 42 variety, compared with the Botanicheskaya 4 variety.
Biofungicides in the cultivation technology of spring wheat
Authors: Vlasenko N. G , Burlakova S. V , Egorycheva M. T
Published: April 2024

In order to reduce the pesticide load on agrocenoses, studies of the effectiveness of biofungicides in the cultivation of spring wheat are very significant Studies were carried out in 2019-2021 on the experimental field of the plant protection department of the SFNCA RAS, located in the forest- steppe zone of Priobye. The possibilities of using microbiological preparations Trichodermin, Sporobac-terin and Fitosporin- M to protect spring wheat from diseases were studied on crops of the Novosibirskaya 31 variety. The effect of biological preparations on the development of leaf diseases as well as on the growth processes and yield of wheat was studied. The development of leaf infections was moderate. Against septoriosis in the phase of the beginning of milk maturity of grain ef ciency of the treatments of crops with Fitosporin- M and fungicide Titul Duo was 47,3 % and 67,7 %, in combination with the treatment of seeds - 31,2-75,3 %. Against powdery mildew, the efficiency of seed treatment with Trichodermin, Sporobacterin, Scarlet, and crop treatment with fungicide Titul Duo ranged from 6.7 % to 52.2 %, and against leaf rust, from 82.6 % to 95.6 %. Treatment of crops with Fitosporin- M and its combination with seed treatment had no deterrent effect on these leaf diseases. Growth of the flag leaf area in the experiment was 9,4-41,9 % relative to control (11,7 cm2); it was greatest in Trichodermin+Titul Duo and Sporobacterin+Titul Duo variants. Treatment of seeds and crops with preparations had an effect on the structure of the wheat ear. The combined treatment of the seeds with biological preparations and sowing of wheat with Fitosporin- M and Titul Duo resulted in the increase of such indices as the ear length (by 8,1-17,9 %), number of ears (by 6,1-14,4 %) and grains (by 21,8-43,4 %) in an ear, weight of grains per ear (by 28,9-61,1 %). Weight of 1000 grains increased significantly in all variants of the experiment by 2.7-14.0 %. Trichodermin + Titul Duo, Sporobacterin + Titul Duo, and Scarlet + Titul Duo were comparable in yield, 0.75 t/ha, 0.72 t/ha, and 0.80 t/ha, respectively; treatment of the crops with Fitosporin- M and Titul Duo resulted in additional 0.25 t/ha and 0.66 t/ha of the control (2.31 t/ha).
Informative value of blood l-lactate and integral leukocyte indices for predicting severe course of mycoplasmosis in calves
Authors: Chernitskiy A. E. , Shkuratova I. A. , Poryvaeva A. P. , Pechura E. V. , Tomskikh O. G.
Published: April 2024

The aim was to study the informativity of blood L-lactate and integral leukocyte indices for predicting a severe course of mycoplasmosis in calves during their natural infection with M. bovis. Daily clinical observation of 36 Holstein calves naturally infected with M. bovis (at the age of 10-15 days) was carried out for one month on the farms of the Ural Federal District. In blood samples obtained from the jugular vein of animals at the first signs of the disease, the levels of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, hematocrit on Abacus Junior Vet analyzer (Diatron, Austria), L-lactate concentration - by reaction with paraoxydiphenyl on UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan) were studied. Differential leukocyte counts in Romanowsky- Giemsa stained blood smears were performed using Olympus BX43 microscope (Olympus, Japan). The following integral leukocyte indices were calculated: Krebs index (KI), leukocyte index of intoxication by Y. J. Calf- Calif (LII), neutrophil reactive response by T. Sh. Khabirov (NRR), adaptation index (AI), Bredeck index (IB), nuclear shift index (NSI), lymphocyte- granulocyte index (ILG), neutrophil to monocyte ratio index (NMR), leukocyte shift index (LSI), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio index (LMR) and lymphocyte to neutrophil ratio (LNR). In 22 (61,1 %) calves a mild to moderately severe course was detected, in 14 (38,9 %) - a severe course of mycoplasmosis. The animals predisposed to a severe course of mycoplasmosis had higher blood L-lactate > 1.68 mmol/l, AI > 1.57 units, ILG > 16.7 units, LNR > 1.41 units, reduced KI < 0.645 units and LSI < 0.600 units at the first clinical signs of disease. The information value of predictors for prognosing severe mycoplasmosis in calves was evaluated as very good; the sensitivity was 71.4-85.7 %, the specificity made 81.8-90.9 %. The accumulation of L-lactate in the blood of animals and changes in leukocyte indices (AI, ILG, LNR, KI, LSI) were shown to be interrelated.
The influence of think tanks on the U.S. policy toward North Korea
Authors: Zakharova Maria S.
Published: April 2024

The time of Donald Trump's presidency was a period of improving relations between the U.S. and the DPRK. Despite Trump's desire to succeed in solving the North Korean nuclear missile crisis, the negotiation process has not been further developed and has not brought the sides closer to solving the crisis. The work raises the question of the role of think tanks in shaping the U.S. policy towards North Korea. It is concluded that the lack of significant progress in solving the North Korean crisis is also due to the position of one of the most influential U.S. institutions - think tanks.
South African defence industry: negative development
Authors: Karamaev Sergei G.
Published: April 2024

Towards the end of the twentieth century, the Republic of South Africa had developed one of the most powerful and innovative defence industries in the world. New post-apartheid ANC government, in the light of new approach in the economic and political spheres, decided to switch resources from military to human security. This decision led to the stagnation of the defence industry and ultimately to negative development, which continues to this day. Not only South Africa rankings in the world defence sector lowered to unprecedented positions but the industry’s survival into the future years now at stake.
US hegemony in Latin America and opportunities to overcome it: horizon 2040
Authors: Goliney Vladimir A. , Rosenthal Dmitry M.
Published: April 2024

This article examines the phenomenon of US hegemony in the Western Hemisphere and explores the possibility of overcoming it by 2040. The authors question the expediency of this measure for the countries within the region. The article identifies key determinants of Inter-American relations development. Among the key threats to Washington's dominance, the authors highlight the strengthening positions of major powers, particularly Brazil and Mexico, as well as China. The study's prognostic nature dictates its methodology, wherein current trends are compared with visions of future world development (by the middle of the 21st century).
Ігри з простором — ігри у просторі: сайт-спесифік театр (site-specific theatre) в Україні
Authors: Гринишина Марина , Пивоварова Катерина , Колпащикова Аліса
Published: April 2024

Мета статті — ураховуючи теоретичний доробок західних фахівців з питань Нового театру (New theatre), проаналізувати практику сайт-спесифік театру (site-specific theatre) в Україні з театрологічних позицій, виявити його видову спільність й естетико-художню відмітність. Методологія дослідження. Для характеризації предмета дослідження було використано феноменологічну методологію, для теоретичного обґрунтування зарубіжного та українського театрального досвіду — культурно-історичний підхід, для аналізу вітчизняної практики сайт-спесифік театру — методологію театрознавчого аналізу. Наукова новизна полягає в сучаснішій інтерпретації змісту поняття «сайт-спесифік театр» як частини більш об’ємного поняття «Новий театр», уточненні дотичної термінології, виявленні видової спільності й естетико-художньої відмітності практики сайт-спесифік театру в Україні. Висновки. Доведено, що використання нетрадиційних локацій для вистави відкрило нові й цікаві можливості для драматургів, режисерів, акторів та художників театру. Унаочнено розуміння театральними продюсерами та режисерами того факту, що у випадку сайт-спесифік театру йдеться про залучення нетрадиційної публіки, яка з різних причин не хоче або не може відвідувати традиційні вистави. Зазначено, що відносно неструктурована, гнучка форма такої вистави сприяє співпраці театру та публіки, а залучення публіки до участі у дійстві фактично стирає дистанцію між театром і життям. Установлено, що перевагою перед традиційним театром є здатність сайт-спесифік театру краще розкрити двосторонні відносини між людиною і фізичним простором, що, власне, створює реальні перспективи цього типу сценічного мистецтва, зокрема й в Україні.
Dirt, Dwellings and Culture: Living Conditions in Early Medieval Dublin
Authors: Eileen Reilly
Published: April 2024

What would it have been like to walk down the streets of Viking Age Dublin a thousand years ago? What would you have seen, heard and smelled? How would this urban settlement have been different from an early medieval rural dwelling of this time – a rath, a crannog or dún situated in the countryside? Such questions not only potentially interrogate the reality of people’s lives in the past, but also open up topics such as diet, health and disease in urban and rural settings, the alteration and management of past environments and emergence of new forms of urban and rural communities in Europe.

Dirt, Dwellings and Culture explores the living conditions and environments as experienced by early medieval people in Ireland, touching upon a wide range of environmental, architectural, artefactual and historical datasets from significant archaeological excavations of settlement sites across Ireland and Northern Europe. At its heart it focuses on a new and significant body of insect analysis from one of the most iconic sites of Viking Dublin – Fishamble Street. These new data are discussed with reference to other excavated and previously published research, especially from the rural rath at Deer Park Farms, Co. Antrim, and some preliminary data from Drumclay Crannog, Co. Fermanagh.

The book concludes with a wider discussion of dirt, disease and hygiene in early medieval Ireland: what can the environmental data and historical texts tell us about the way that people in early medieval Ireland felt about and interacted with ‘dirt’ and dirty places?
MMNet-NILM: Multi-Target MobileNets for non-intrusive load monitoring
Authors: Ayub Mohammed , El-Alfy El-Sayed M.
Published: April 2024

Energy is a critical resource for daily activities and lifestyles with direct impacts on the economy, health and environment. Therefore, monitoring its efficient use is essential to reduce energy waste and lessen related concerns such as global warming and climate change. One of the prominent and evolving solutions is Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) smart meters, which enables consumers to track their per-appliance energy consumption more effectively. Some recent approaches have proposed deep learning as a powerful tool for energy disaggregation. However, it is difficult to employ these models in resource-constrained end devices for effective energy monitoring. In this paper, we explore and evaluate a lightweight improved model for multi-target non-intrusive load monitoring based on MobileNet architectures. With extensive experiments using the ENERTALK dataset, the results show that MobileNetV3-large is the most appealing for energy disaggregation as it requires about 55% less storage for trained model and about 6% less training time than MobileNetV2 with almost the same performance. On average, version 3 large has a 17.63% reduction in SAE and requires 54.21% and 8.93% less space and less training time than version 2, respectively. Moreover, the average performance is boosted using an ensemble multi-target MobileNet model across all houses, leading to significant reduction of MAE, SAE, and RMSE errors of about 6%, 48%, and 4%, respectively. In comparison to other work, the proposed MMNet-NILM shows superior performance for the majority of appliances in terms of all considered evaluation metrics.
Ghost attentional down net: An effective lightweight top-down network for human pose estimation
Authors: Liu Fuchen , Zhou Sijia , Zhang Dezhou , Wang Xiaocui
Published: April 2024

Deep learning has demonstrated remarkable advantages in the field of human pose estimation. However, traditional methods often rely on widening and deepening networks to enhance the performance of human pose estimation, consequently increasing the parameter count and complexity of the networks. To address this issue, this paper introduces Ghost Attentional Down network, a lightweight human pose estimation network based on HRNet. This network leverages the fusion of features from high-resolution and low-resolution branches to boost performance. Additionally, GADNet utilizes GaBlock and GdBlock, which incorporate lightweight convolutions and attention mechanisms, for feature extraction, thereby reducing the parameter count and computational complexity of the network. The fusion of relationships between different channels ensures the optimal utilization of informative feature channels and resolves the issue of feature redundancy. Experimental results conducted on the COCO dataset, with consistent image resolution and environmental settings, demonstrate that employing GADNet leads to a reduction of 60.7% in parameter count and 61.2% in computational complexity compared to the HRNet network model, while achieving comparable accuracy levels. Moreover, when compared to commonly used human pose estimation networks such as Cascaded Pyramid Network (CPN), Stacked Hourglass Network, and HRNet, GADNet achieves high-precision detection of human keypoints even with fewer parameters and lower computational complexity, our network has higher accuracy compared to MobileNet and ShuffleNet.
Survey on graph neural network-based community detection and its applications
Authors: Vusirikkayala Gowthami , Madhu Viswanatham V.
Published: April 2024

Detecting communities within a network is a critical component of network analysis. The process involves identifying clusters of nodes that exhibit greater similarity to each other compared to other nodes in the network. In the context of Complex networks (CN), community detection becomes even more important as these clusters provide relevant information of interest. Traditional mathematical and clustering methods have limitations in terms of data visualization and high-dimensional information extraction. To address these challenges, graph neural network learning methods have gained popularity in community detection, as they are capable of handling complex structures and multi-dimensional data. Developing a framework for community detection in complex networks using graph neural network learning is a challenging and ongoing research objective. Therefore, it is essential for researchers to conduct a thorough review of community detection techniques that utilize cutting-edge graph neural network learning methods [102], in order to analyze and construct effective detection models. This paper provides a brief overview of graph neural network learning methods based on community detection methods and summarizes datasets, evaluation metrics, applications, and challenges of community detection in complex networks.
Generalized control for distributed energy inverter in community microgrid system: Off-grid and grid-connected operation
Authors: Xu Ying , Ji Xinrong , Zhu Zhengyang
Published: April 2024

With the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) in microgrids, DER power inverters have become a critical asset for providing power support to these microgrids. Meanwhile, the grid-forming (GFM) inverters, among these DER inverters, have gained significant attention in microgrid applications for their capability to enable the DERs to operate in different microgrid conditions and various operation modes. Moreover, with the implementation of these GFM inverters, smooth operation mode transition, GFM functions as well as black start functions can be obtained to improve the operation of the microgrid systems. In this article, a generalized control method for a single-phase GFM inverter is developed for community microgrid applications, facilitating smooth operation behavior in both operation modes with grid support functions and stable transition for different microgrid conditions. The control design procedure and function analysis of the proposed control method are explained in detail based on the community microgrid system. The effectiveness of the method in this paper is demonstrated on a 10 kW single-phase GFM inverter prototype with comparison to a model predictive method in recent literature.
RETRACTED: Deep learning model for predicting genetic diseases using DNA sequence data
Authors: Tariq Sana , Amin Asjad
Published: April 2024

This article has been retracted. A retraction notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-219433.
Unraveling attrition and retention: A qualitative study with rehabilitation professionals
Authors: Mak Susanne , Thomas Aliki , Razack Saleem , Root Kelly , Hunt Matthew
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Health human resources are scarce worldwide. In occupational therapy (OT), physical therapy (PT), and speech-language pathology (S-LP), attrition and retention issues amplify this situation and contribute to the precarity of health systems. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the phenomena of attrition and retention with OTs, PTs and S-LPs who stayed in, or left their profession. METHODS: Cultural-historical activity theory provided the theoretical scaffolding for this interpretive description study. We used purposeful sampling (maximum variation approach) to recruit OTs, PTs, and S-LPs from Quebec, Canada. Individual interviews were conducted with 51 OTs, PTs, and S-LPs from Quebec, Canada, in English or French (2019–2020). Inductive and deductive approaches, and constant comparative techniques were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Six themes were developed: 1) characteristics of work that made it meaningful; 2) aspects of work that practitioners appreciate; 3) factors of daily work that weigh on a practitioner; 4) factors that contribute to managing work; 5) relationships with different stakeholders that shape daily work; and 6) perceptions of the profession. Meaningfulness was tied to participants’ sense that their values were reflected in their work. Factors outside work shaped participants’ work experiences. Recurrent negative experiences led some to leave their profession. CONCLUSION: Findings underscore a critical need to address contributing factors to attrition and retention which are essential to ensuring the availability of OTs, PTs and SLPs for present and future rehabilitation needs.