bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some peculiarities of a new method of microrelief creation by the direct electron-beam etching of resist
Authors:   L.Ya. Karpov Research Physical-Chemical Institute, Bruk M. , Zhikharev E. ,   Physics and Technology Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Streltsov D. ,   Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kalnov V. ,   Physics and Technology Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Spirin A. ,   L.Ya. Karpov Research Physical-Chemical Institute, Rogozhin A. ,   Physics and Technology Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2016

We discuss new results concerning the mechanism, characteristics and application potentialities of a novel method that allows an image to be generated in some positive resists directly during exposure by an electron beam in vacuum. In particular, using the PMMA resist as an example, we show that this method is very convenient for obtaining micro- and nano-reliefs with a rounded cross-section profile. Examples are given of obtaining 3D-structures with good accuracy of image vertical size and low surface roughness. In the authors opinion, the data presented show, on the whole, that the suggested method has application potentialities for the manufacture of diffractive optical elements.
Study of an imaging spectrometer based on a diffraction lens
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Skidanov R. ,   Samara State Aerospace University, Blank V. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Aerospace University, Morozov A. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Aerospace University
Published: September 2016

The possibility of using a diffraction lens as a simple imaging spectrometer was demonstrated. Spectral images for white, red and green LEDs were experimentally generated on the basis of a sequence of images obtained by scanning along the optical axis. A comparison of the obtained spectral distributions with the integrated spectra of the LEDs under study was conducted. The error was found to vary from 8 to 13%.
Using multi- and hyperspectral remote sensing data for automated river and reservoir monitoring during spring
Authors:   Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Anshakov G. ,   JSC «RSC Progress», Zhuravel Y. ,   Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   JSC «RSC Progress», Raschupkin A. ,   Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   JSC «RSC Progress»
Published: September 2016

Remote sensing data is a modern tool for efficient reception of data relating to potential natural disasters. This article looks into the feasibility of using the Resurs-P-1 satellite hyperspectral images to evaluate the ice conditions on the Volga river and lakes of the Samara region, as well as monitoring river and reservoir ecological conditions during spring.
On the convergence of some algorithms of binary or ternary machine arithmetic for calculations in imaginary quadratic fields
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bogdanov P. ,   Samara State Aerospace University
Published: September 2016

The paper proves a number of statements that significantly reduce the complexity of proofs of the classification theorems for quasicanonical number systems in imaginary quadratic fields. Theorems on convergence of algorithms that implement the addition of algebraic integers in quasicanonical number systems are proved.
Object recognition in radar images using conjugation indices and support subspaces
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zherdev D. ,   Samara State Aerospace University, Kazanskiy N. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Aerospace University, Fursov V. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Aerospace University
Published: September 2016

We suggest an object recognition method based on synthetic aperture radar images. The so-called conjugation index between the vector under recognition and a subspace composed of vectors of a training set has been used as a distance function. The processes of clustering have been constructed using support subspaces. Different processes of the training set resampling through the exclusion of vague vectors from the set using the conjugation index have been discussed. The dependence of the recognition quality on the support subspace dimension has been analyzed. The results of experiments demonstrate that the proposed method provides a higher recognition quality than that offered by the support vector method (SVM).
License plate recognition algorithm on the basis of a connected components method and a hierarchical temporal memory model
Authors:   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Bolotova Yu. , Spitsyn V. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Rudometkina M. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: September 2016

This paper proposes a license plate recognition algorithm that consists of three major steps: image preprocessing, segmentation, and recognition, which works efficiently with day- and nighttime images, as well as with the license plate being tilted. Pre-filtration allows the sequential binarization to be conducted efficiently. Typically, the license plate segmentation is realized by a histogram method with the preliminary plate de-rotation to the horizontal position, thus deteriorating the original image quality. In this paper the segmentation is implemented by a connected components method, enabling the rotation and a consequent loss of quality to be avoided. The hierarchical temporal network shows good results in rotated symbols recognition. The proposed method can be used in a similar way for segmentation and recognition of various text data. The proposed algorithms can also be used for distorted text segmentation and recognition.
Resonant approximation of phase-shifted Bragg grating (PSBG) spectra
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Doskolovich L. ,   Samara State Aerospace University, Golovastikov N. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Aerospace University, Bykov D. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Aerospace University, Kharitonov S. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Aerospace University
Published: September 2016

The resonance approximations of phase-shifted Bragg grating (PSBG) reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained as a function of frequency and wave-vector’s tangential components of incident light. The proposed theoretical description is verified using numerical simulations.
Simulation of resonance focusing of picosecond and femtosecond pulses by use of a dielectric microcylinder
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kozlova E. ,   Samara State Aerospace University, Kotlyar V. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Aerospace University
Published: September 2016

Numerical simulation of the propagation of picosecond (2.5 ps) and femtosecond (17.08 fs) laser pulses through a dielectric cylinder with a refractive index of 1.59 and a resonance radius of 0,7152λ has shown that as a result, focal spots are generated, which have respective sizes of 0.22λ and 0.235λ at full-width of half-maximum intensity, where λ is the central wavelength of the pulse.
Calculation of eigenfunctions of a bounded fractional Fourier transform
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kirilenko M. ,   Samara State Aerospace University, Zubtsov R. ,   Samara State Aerospace University, Khonina S. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Aerospace University
Published: September 2016

In this paper we consider the use of a one-dimensional fractional Fourier transform for gradient-index optical waveguides. We calculate eigenfunctions of the transform in view of a limited range in the spatial and spectral domain.
Design of a mirror for generating a prescribed continuous illuminance distribution based on the supporting quadric method
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Doskolovich L. ,   Samara State Aerospace University, Borisova K. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Aerospace University, Moiseev M. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Aerospace University
Published: September 2016

A method for designing a reflective surface to generate a prescribed continuous illuminance distribution is proposed. The optical surface is represented as an envelope of a two-parameter set of ellipsoids of revolution. The efficiency of the proposed method is illustrated with a case of computing and simulation of several reflective surfaces that generate uniform illuminance distributions shaped as an ellipse, a rectangle and a triangle.
Analysis of optical characteristics of various designs of a classical “guest – host” lc modulator
Authors:   N.G. Chernyshevskiy Saratov State University, Simonenko G. , Studentsov S. ,   Scientific and Production Enterprise “Photon” Ltd., Ezhov V. ,   A.M. Prokhorov Institute of the General Physics of the RAS
Published: September 2016

Using computer modeling, the analysis of optical characteristics of a “guest –host” liquid crystal (LC) modulator is conducted. In the article, classical LC modulator designs realized on the basis of a planar cell with various LC twist angles with and without polaroid are considered. Besides, a polaroid-free LC modulator design with homeotropic LC orientation is analyzed. Practical recommendations concerning finding optimum LC modulator designs for various specific purposes are made.
Determination of conditions for the laser-induced intensification of mass transfer processes in the solid phase of metallic materials
Authors:   Samara State Aerospace University, Murzin S.
Published: September 2016

The determination of conditions for laser-induced intensification of mass transfer processes in the solid phase of metallic materials was conducted. We studied the process of interdiffusion of Fe and Cu. A laser beam of uniform power density and a pulse frequency of 100, 1,000, and 5,000 Hz was used. The laser radiation was transformed into a uniform light spot with a diffractive optical element, which performed the required focusing. It was determined that for the generalized thermo-dynamic driving force to ensure the mass transfer intensification in non-equilibrium conditions, a necessary condition is the unsteady local deformation caused by laser action.
A local order transform of digital images
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Myasnikov V. ,   Samara State Aerospace University
Published: September 2016

In this article a new method of nonlinear local processing of digital images, named a local order transform, is proposed and investigated. Properties of the proposed transform are determined. The relevance and efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated for the applied problem of detecting duplicates in digital images in the case of brightness distortions.
Application of metaheuristics to k-means clustering
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Lisin A. , Faizullin R. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: September 2016

We introduce an approach to image segmentation with a k-means algorithm by reducing the clustering problem to a continuous optimization problem, which is solved by metaheuristics algorithms using a gravitational search algorithm as an example. The approach is substantiated and numerical experiment results are discussed.
An automatic method for estimating the geomagnetic field
Authors:   Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio-Wave Propagation of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKIR FEB RAS), Mandrikova O. ,   Kamchatka State Technical University, Zhizhikina E. ,   Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio-Wave Propagation of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKIR FEB RAS),   Kamchatka State Technical University
Published: September 2016

We introduce a new method for estimating the geomagnetic field. The method is based on a combination of a wavelet transform with radial basis neural networks. In the method, the recorded geomagnetic field variations are decomposed into different-scale components and the degree of disturbance of each component is estimated, enabling the conclusion about the field state. For the verification of the method, we used geomagnetic data from the "Paratunka" station (Paratunka, Kamchatka region, data registration is carried out by IKIR FEB RAS). Analysis of the spectral-temporal characteristics of geomagnetic field variations during periods of moderate and strong magnetic storms was performed. Weak perturbations were detected in the geomagnetic field before the storms. The obtained results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Object recognition by the radar signatures of electromagnetic field scattering on base of support subspaces method
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zherdev D. ,   Samara State Aerospace University, Kazanskiy N. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Aerospace University, Fursov V. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Aerospace University
Published: September 2016

In the work study the object recognition problem by the radar signatures of scattering reflected electromagnetic radiation. As template we use diagrams that made by computing the scattering field of 3d object models. The conjugation index with so-called support subspace that formed by attribute vectors of recognition class used in recognition as metric distance. Recognition quality in depending upon the dimension of support subspaces is studied. In work give comparison of result obtained by support vector machine and the compute correlation index with average class vector.
Методологические подходы к построению стратегии развития кластера
Authors: Костенко Ольга Владимировна
Published: September 2016

Кластеры представляют собой сложные экономические структуры, поэтому в основе стимулирования их развития должен лежать стратегический подход. Основной целью исследования стало обобщение российской практики стратегического управления кластерами и выявление уровня научного обоснования решений, а также определение методологических подходов к разработке стратегии развития кластеров. Анализ показал, что типичными ошибками в области методологии стратегии развития кластера является механическое использование методов и инструментов стратегического управления региональной экономикой или отдельного предприятия, а также ситуации, когда за стратегию развития кластера выдается лишь стратегия его формирования. Состав и структура стратегии развития кластера могут быть определены на основе новой классификации экономических систем по критериям ограниченности системы во времени и пространстве (проектная, процессная, средовая и объектная стратегии кластера). Требования к составу и структуре стратегии развития кластера меняются со сменой этапа жизненного цикла кластера. В связи с этим существенно повышается значимость управления совместными кластерными проектами, кооперацией (кластерными связями) и развитием социального капитала кластера. Стратегия предприятий кластера (в том числе их функциональные стратегии) составляют основу объектной стратегии кластера. Кроме того, для кластера необходимо согласование стратегий трех уровней: стратегии кластера, стратегии его предприятий и стратегии социально-экономического развития региона.
Стратегические направления менеджмента молочной отрасли России
Authors: Семенов Александр Иванович , Зайченко Лилия Павловна
Published: September 2016

С макроэкономической точки зрения исследуются основные проблемы, сдерживающие эффективное развитие молочной отрасли в России. Дается аналитическая оценка основных факторов, препятствующих ее динамичному развитию. Исследование обосновывается практическими примерами и сопоставлениями. С позиции менеджмента представлено авторское видение принципиальных направлений по преобразованию молочной отрасли России в динамично функционирующий сектор экономики, обеспечивающий продовольственную безопасность страны.
Институциональная конфигурация региональной деловой среды как фактор развития предпринимательства
Authors: Маликов Рустам Илькамович , Гришин Константин Евгеньевич , Мухаметова Диана Данияровна
Published: September 2016

В статье рассматриваются теоретические вопросы формирования институциональной конфигурации деловой среды как фактора роста предпринимательской активности и успешного социально-экономического развития региона. Обосновывается институциональная структура деловой среды, которая представляет собой совокупность формальных и неформальных институтов взаимодействия экономических агентов с поставщиками, потребителями, конкурентами, партнерами, некоммерческими организациями и органами власти. Делается вывод о том, что вариативность параметров институциональных структур деловой среды, наблюдаемая в разных регионах, позволяет обосновать подход к исследованию институциональных конфигураций региональной деловой среды. Дается новое авторское определение институциональной конфигурации региональной деловой среды. Предлагается методика количественной оценки эффективности ключевого (базового) института региональной деловой среды – института взаимодействия властных и предпринимательских структур. Представлена практическая апробация данной методики на примере деловой среды Республики Башкортостан. Делается вывод о том, что ключевой задачей управления развитием регионального предпринимательства в современных условиях, является проектирование и конструирование институциональной конфигурации региональной деловой среды, которая, в числе прочего, способствовала бы улучшению структуры платежей предпринимателей при осуществлении бизнес-деятельности в конкретной регионе. Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке гранта ФГБУ «Российский гуманитарный научный фонд» в рамках научно-исследовательского проекта «Формирование благоприятной институциональной конфигурации региональной деловой среды как фактор повышения конкурентоспособности предпринимательских структур» № 16-12-02007.
Предпринимательство в сфере услуг Республики Казахстан: оценка состояния и перспективы развития
Authors: Мецик Олег Игоревич
Published: September 2016

Сфера услуг демонстрирует рост даже в условиях современного кризиса. Казахстан отстает по темпам развития сервисной экономики, но принял новую, амбициозную программу развития сферы услуг, призванную довести уровень услуг до 60% ВВП страны. Автор проводит изучение внутренних связей в различных секторах сферы услуг, что позволяет государству решить проблему приоритетности формирования сервисных кластеров, а предпринимательскому сообществу оценить выгоды и сетевых объединений в сфере услуг.
“Traumatic fistula of glenohumeral joint with concurrent osteomyelitis and infection of periarticular tissues. The use of negative pressure therapy as one of the elements of treatment of chronic traumatic wound.”
Authors: Cybułka Bartosz , Rapeła Jacek , Wach Andrzej
Published: September 2016

A negative pressure dressing system enables effective dressing of traumatic wounds. Extensive injuries and tissue defects that accompany bone fractures and articular surface injuries require special management. In case of compound fractures, the risk of bone, joint and soft tissue infection significantly increases, so the appropriate healing process of traumatic wound is limited.  Undisturbed healing process of traumatic wound is conditioned only by the proper wound dressing process by the removal of necrotic and ischemic tissues and elimination of the sources of infection and infections themselves. The article shows a case report of a patient with a traumatic subcapital humerus fracture complicated by a haematoma and then by a periarticular abscess. After the incision and drainage of a reservoir of blood and pus, a chronic infected fistula of glenohumeral joint was formed. During a prolonged therapeutic process an aggressive surgical management was implemented, by the removal of the infected bone, what eliminated the actively secreting fistula of glenohumeral joint. Following the appropriate wound preparation, the negative pressure therapy was successfully applied.  In the described case the application of negative pressure dressing system enabled a gradual decrease of total wound depth and surface area and consequently, a restriction of tissue defects.
Gestão internacional comparativa de recurso humanos e gestão de recursos humanos no Brasil: Uma análise frente aos modelos calculativos e colaborativos
Authors: Zuppani Tatiani dos Santos , Fischer André Luiz
Published: September 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a adoção de práticas calculativas e colaborativas, dominantes na gestão internacional comparativa de recursos humanos, segundo os diferentes perfis das áreas de Gestão de Recursos Humanos (GRH) de organizações privadas atuantes no Brasil. O método empregado foi um Survey, operacionalizado por meio de um questionário eletrônico sobre práticas de GRH e características organizacionais. Foram obtidos um total de 326 respondentes. Inicialmente foi realizado um cluster no qual os respondentes foram agrupados em quatro grupos com perfis de GRH distintos. A utilização de práticas calculativas e colaborativas foi comparada nos quatro grupos formados através de um teste Anova. Os principais achados mostraram que o grupo estratégico foi aquele com maior média de adoção de práticas calculativas e colaborativas. O grupo GRH Comunicativa apresentava uma propensão maior para práticas colaborativas e o grupo GRH Formalizada adotava práticas calculativas, embora nenhum dos grupos apresentou uma média de adoção do que o grupo GRH Estratégico. Isto sugere que é preciso aprender a lidar com aspectos diferentes que envolvem a gestão de pessoas nas organizações que atuam no Brasil.
Strategic human resource management and corporate social responsibility: Evidence from Emerging Markets
Authors: Rosolen Talita , Maclennan Maria Laura Ferranty
Published: September 2016

Corporate social responsibility practices are increasingly being adopted and legitimized in business and they impact the strategic and operational levels in various areas. The integration of these criteria and practices in the strategic management involves many factors, and human resource management is an essential aspect for the accomplishment of such initiative. Thus, this paper associates the relationship among corporate social responsibility (CSR) various dimensions (strategic, ethical, social and environmental) and strategic human resource management (SHRM) in companies operating in Brazil. We also aim to identify whether there is impact of other aspects on this relationship, namely: size, industry and company internationalization level (if national or multinational). Results show evidence that ethical CSR can be associated to SHRM. Environmental CSR showed marginal relation, and social and strategic CSR presented no significant association. Those results emphasize the need to further develop strategic actions of CSR into human resource management in emerging markets. Managers can also benefit from those findings, as it is possible to have a broad view of limitations and opportunities regarding the role played by human resource management in CSR.
Bilinguisme Et Developpement Cognitif A L’ecole Primaire. Une Etude Experimentale A Partir Du Terrain Ivoirien De La Region De Bondoukou
Authors: Arsène Seka Yapi , Christiane Niamien
Published: September 2016

Bilingualism is a subject of growing research in Ivory Coast since in many regions, there has been either a simultaneous bilingualism alternating bilingualism among school-age children. This sociological reality noted that children speak at least two local languages before school for learning French. Obviously, the young student who comes into the first primary level CM1), is facing a situation of multilingualism. From an experimental study, quantitative approach serves as a method of analysis to evaluate the effect of bilingualism among students of CM1 class of the Bondoukou region on academic performance. The study whose objective is indeed to make an analysis of the impact of bilingualism on cognitive development of learners, comes in operative assumptions. The results indicate a strong correlation between variables bilingualism, cognitive development and learning. The practice of two local languages in children proves to be an asset for cognitive development in general and learning in schools in particular. The performances by these schoolchildren in several disciplinary trials of their level, are justified in part by a good command of their native languages.
Les Activités Expérimentales Dans L’enseignement Des Sciences Physiques: Cas Des Collèges Marocains
Authors: Taoufik Mohamed , Abouzaid Abderrahim , Moufti Ahmed
Published: September 2016

We focused in this article on two essential points: infrastructure dedicated to experimental activities in physics education in Moroccan colleges and experimental practice of teachers and the opinion of students on these activities. The results showed that school laboratories do not facilitate the learning and development of knowledge and know-how of the learners. The experiences of the course, according to teachers and students, are made as of experiences integrated into the course (performed by the teacher himself), the teachers refer to the lack of material, dangerous nature of certain experiences, inadequate premises suitable for practical work, poor management of laboratories that influence the rate of planned experiments and the experimental practices of teachers. The Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) would be a good way to supplement the experiences and not replace them. Teachers argue that the constraints and difficulties related to the integration of ICT are mainly due to an infrastructure deficit and support (training).
The Effects Of Using Portfolio In Writing Activities Aimed At Developing The Arabic Language Discourse Competence Of 1st Secondary Grade Students In Housha Secondary School For Girls In Jordan
Authors: Mamdouh Alqadi Haitham
Published: September 2016

The focus of the present study is the investigation of the effects of using portfolio in writing activities aimed at developing the Arabic language discourse competence of 1st secondary grade students in Housha secondary school for girls in Jordan. The study sample was chosen purposefully. It consists of two sections for the first secondary grade, namely: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group consisted of twenty (20) females, while the control group consisted of twenty (20) females as well. The treatment represented in using portfolio was conducted through an academic semester that lasted for three months. At the end of the semester, both groups were tested in using discourse competence components. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group in using elements of discourse competence due to the treatment. In light of the results, the researcher presented some recommendations at the end of the study.
The Right Of Ownership In The European Law
Authors: Alikaj Valbona
Published: September 2016

The paper is about the case of the right of ownership, the social function that the constitutions of some western countries recognize to this rights and the balance of this right with other public interests. The right of ownership has a great importance even in the European judicial order. The right of ownership has undergone many changes with the creation of a single European market, so that nowadays we could not talk about only one ownership category. Special attention will be dedicated to the article 17 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights according to which everyone has the right to own, use, dispose of and bequeath his or her lawfully acquired possessions. The limitation of this right will be legislated toward the public interest and toward a fair compensation being paid in a good time. In its decisions, the European Court of Justice has stated that the property as a fundamental right is described not as an absolute right, for the European judge the social function has to do with the general interest that is the basis of each treaty, that is the free and full competition. The private property for the jurisprudence of the community is a fundamental right, but it could be limited due to the general economic interest that aim to be realised.
Improving The Performance Of Industrial-Technical Schools In Egypt In The Light Of Corporate Schools Model: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mohamed M. Morsi Omar
Published: September 2016

Corporate schools are no longer a new phenomenon since more organizations are currently moving towards this model for workplace learning. Therefore, the current study aimed at setting a suggested proposal to improve the performance of the industrial technical schools in Egypt in the light of the corporate schools model. This involves examining both the real goals and the problems encountered in the Egyptian industrial-technical education. Moreover, the study examines the corporate school phenomenon by analyzing one example of corporate schools. The current study used a qualitative-analytic method as it suits the nature of the study. The study came down to some results, most important of which are: (1) corporate schools can contribute to overcoming the problems which face the industrial schools; (2) corporate schools are educational entities that serve business strategy. Based on this, the paper concludes with a suggested proposal to improve the performance of the industrial-technical schools in Egypt.
Informal Capital Markets and Integrated Rural Development in Nigeria
Authors: B. Ekpo Ntiedo
Published: September 2016

The study examined the effects of informal capital markets on people-oriented development at the grassroots level in Nigeria. It was motivated by the prevalent speculations and differences of opinion in the literature about the effects of the markets on rural development in most third world countries, including Nigeria. The study adopted the exploratory survey research design and used mean score and Mann-Whitney U test in analyzing the data. The outcome of the analysis, among others, shows first, that all the benchmarks for rural developments, such as poverty reduction, women empowerment and housing development, were significantly related to informal capital market participation. Second, the utilization of micro credits was a major factor in the profitability and growth of business in the rural areas. It is recommended that the monetary authorities and other policymakers recognize the cooperative finance efforts of this group of financial institutions, and devise appropriate means of integrating it with the formal financial sector for improved financial intermediation and wellbeing of the rural poor as well as sustainable growth of the national economies.
Discourse Analysis of Cross-Cultural Competencies in International Business Management
Authors: Osei-Bonsu Nana
Published: September 2016

A broad range of literature available discusses the activities to prepare managers for becoming cross-culturally competent. In keeping up with the increased emphasis of cultural competences in the international business management, the major question is, what kind of cross cultural competencies would make firm managers better to respond to the whole range of challenges that globalization offers?. Consequently, this paper has reviewed the concept of culture in the literature through discourse analysis and found that in the field of international business management, the concept of cross-cultural competence is still viewed as the skill or ability of providing effective cross-cultural interactions and the ability of the business to function effectively in different culture environment. Discourse analysis is a qualitative research approach that offers the potential to challenge our thinking about the reality of culture in any social settings.
Role of Social Worker in National Center for Victims of Domestic Violence
Authors: Belshaku Sabina
Published: September 2016

Social worker on shelter should be familiar with the process of domestic violence. This involves the various forms of violence, consequences of violence, and ways of assisting victims of domestic violence. The aim of this study is to determine the overall objective of the role of social workers in national centers for victims of domestic violence. Also, this study aims to contribute to the improvement of services provided by the state for battered women. Through the application of qualitative research method conducted in the center of battered women retained in the estimated service, Kamëz was a source of comfort to abused women and how they are integrated into the society after leaving the shelter. This study relies on the theory of Social Work Feminist intended to be applied to a study type of ethnographic concentrated in the center. This is based on its history, operation, the view of the center, and the data obtained from documents, archives, and available data center. The data was obtained through observation, focus groups, and interviews with mixed application of semi-structured and structured. Most of the respondents claim that they know and have used the shelter services. Hence, we can say that there is a positive assessment of quality. We conclude that existing services are effective enough, enjoyable, and qualitative. Women emphasized that the state should intervene more to meet their needs, such as the need for more information and sensitization about violence. This requires an increase in economic aid from the state as well as important services, such as psycho-social support. Also, the role of social workers in national centers for victims of domestic violence should be expanded and strengthened.
On the Hypothetical State of Nature of Hobbes and Kant; Same Premises, Different Conclusions
Authors: Shatara Amer N.
Published: September 2016

Although there are stable and settled strains and classifications of social contract theorists, mainly contractualist – contractarianists, hypothetical – historical, and modern – contemporary, these classifications are not always specific and distinct. In fact, the same philosopher can be listed in more than one category, depending on different evaluations and perspectives. At times, the names of the thinkers on the list of any category can be very fluid. Moreover, some philosophers, because of the sharp distinction between them, are rarely mentioned together in one list or category, as is the case of Hobbes and Kant. In this paper, I will argue that Hobbes and Kant, with all their distinctions and differences, can be listed in the hypothetical agreement list, if we consider their “state of nature” as the starting point. From this perspective, I will argue that they exhibit less diversity than is usually acknowledged.
El Efecto De La Implantación Temprana En Niños Con Hipoacusia
Authors: Rodríguez-Jiménez María C. , Pérez-Jorge David , Alegre de la Rosa Olga María , Leal-Hernández Elena , Suárez-Rodríguez María
Published: September 2016

Hearing loss in pediatric population is a major health concern, taking into account the immediate repercussions on the cognitive, emotional and language development (serious difficulties in communication and language development). Therefore, it is of crucial importance its early diagnosis and implantation. The objective of this study is to know the effect of cochlear implant on the development of oral language in implanted children in the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands). In order to carry out this research, the psycholinguistic profiles of children who were implanted between 2011 and 2014 were studied, through the use of two standardized tests, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and The Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA). As regards the age of implantation, we could observe a significant tendency to use the visual channel in the communication of those children who were implanted at a later age and a tendency to use the auditory channel at an early age of implantation. Children who were implanted at a later age showed a nonfunctional use of the implant and a limited development of their speaking skills.
Perceptions Des Nuisances Environnementales Liées Aux Déchets Solides Ménagers Dans Les Centres Urbains Du Nord-Bénin : Cas Des Villes De Parakou, Djougou, Kandi Et Malanville
Authors: Sanni Babio , David Baloubi Makodjami , Christophe Houssou Sègbè
Published: September 2016

The cities of Parakou, Djougou, Kandi and Malanville in the north of Benin have difficulty in eliminating dispose of waste produced by households in ecological way. This research was initiated to analyze the attitudes and understanding of environmental problems related to poor management of DSM by people of north Benin. To achieve this objective, a survey was conducted on the perception of environmental damage related to waste with 585 heads of households from August 2014 to March 2015. The city of residence, gender, age, marital status, level education, income, socio professional category are characteristics that were selected for the statistical analysis Khi2. Results showed 100% a significant statistical link between environmental pollution and city of residence (χ2 = 153.135; DF = 12; Pvalue = 0.000 <0.05). No statistically significant association was found between perceived environmental nuisances and sex (χ2 = 2.035; DF = 4; PValue = 0.729> 0.05) ; age (χ2 = 19.189, DF = 16; P-Value = 0.259> 0.05) ; marital status (χ2 = 20.809, DF = 12; P-Value = 0.053> 0.05 and income of respondents (χ2 = 32.273, DF = 32; P-Value = 0.453> 0.05). However in Djougou, a highly significant associative link was observed between respondents with incomes ranging from 100,001 to 150,000 and the air pollution (χ2 = 11.96, DF = 32; P-value = 0.000 <0.05). It is the same for the pollution of rivers in this income bracket in Parakou (χ2 = 5.85; DF = 24; Pvalue = 0.004 <0.05) and Kandi (χ2 = 6 04; DF = 10; P-value = 0.000 <. 0.05). Moreover, the level of education (χ2 = 14.728, DF = 12; P-Value = 0.257> 0.05) and occupation of the individuals interviewed (χ2 = 59.060, DF = 40; P-Value = 0.026 <0.05) determine their perceptions of environmental damage related to DSM. In total, city of residence, education level and occupation of individuals are the most, significant determiners in the perception of environmental damage related to the solid household waste.
Setting Up Of AWriting Process In Academic Context To Produce Meaning In French
Authors: Benabid Assia
Published: September 2016

Today pedagogy’s main preoccupation lies in focusing on postgraduate students’ writing in science classes. This is the case for two reasons. The first reason takes into account student’s difficulties in acquiring linguistic competences. Therefore, the overall curriculum has to allow more time for this activity. The second reason is related to the evolution in the pedagogical discourse, for it insists on the active role that students should benefit from during their language learning. It is in this way that they can learn to become efficient. To train science students in Morocco in understanding and producing a postgraduate scientific discourse in French requires a preparation, which will provide them with some clues regarding their writing ability. Indeed, by installing a writing process enhancing the building up of meaning, these students will become capable of deciphering and producing scientific discourse.
Factors Related To Job Satisfaction Of Professional Nurses, Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong , Prachusilpa Gunyadar
Published: September 2016

Background: Nurses’ job satisfaction has long been recognized as a crucial indicator of hospital because it is positively related to job performance, nurse retention, patient satisfaction, and quality of nurisng care and negatively related to job stress, burnout, absenteeism and turnover. Conditions of work and psychological empowerment are important factors that influence job satisfaction. Aim of the study: This research had examined the job satisfaction of professional nurses in public hospitals, Hanoi, Vietnam, and the contributing factors on it. Methods: A correlation study was applied in this research. The study was conducted, based on a sample of 356 nurses of Bach Mai Hospital, Viet Duc Hospital, and E Hanoi Hospital from September to October 2015. Research instrument were four self-administered, including 1) the 7 items personal factors; 2) the 44-items of the Index of Work satisfaction; 3) the 12-items perceived empowerment of the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II (CWEQ-II); 4) the 12-items of the Psychological Empowerment scale . Data was analyzes using percentages, means, and standard deviation. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Chi-square test were applied to determine the relationships among the study variables. Results: The level of satisfaction of professional nurses is moderate. Demographic factors including working unit, education level, and working experience were not significantly correlated with job satisfaction. However, conditions of work and psychological empowerment postively and significantly related to job satisfaction (r = .42, r = .28, p < .05). Conclusion: In this study, nurses’satisfaction is not high. Nurse managers are suggested to pay more attention to professional nurses on the empowerment to promote nurse’s job satisfaction.
Évolution Des Extrêmes Pluviométriques Dans La Région Du Gôh (Centre-Ouest De La Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Balliet René , Saley Mahaman Bachir , Anowa Eba Evrade Larissa , Sorokoby Mathunaise Vano , N'Guessan Bi Hermann Vami , N’Dri Armstrong Okon , Djè Bernard Kouakou , Biémi Jean
Published: September 2016

The Gôh region located in western-central Ivory Coast is a region whose economy depends mainly on agriculture, which itself is dependent on the climate. Thus, variation and climate change has a significant impact on crop yields. The objective of this work is to study the evolution of extreme rainfall on rainfall station in the region (Gagnoa station). The calculation of rainfall indices was performed with the software RclimDex. It appears from this study has the Gagnoa station, five (5) of the seven indices calculated namely, the maximum rainfall of one day height (Rx1day), the maximum total rainfall of 5 days (Rx5daiy), the days very rainy (R95) extremely rainy days (R99p) and consecutive dry days (CDD) experienced an increase. While the total annual rainfall (PRCPTOT) and consecutive wet days (CWD) declined. In general, the GOH region is experiencing a decline in rainfall and therefore an increase in dry spells during the rainy seasons.
Risk Factors Associated With Depression And Anxiety In Older Adults Of Mexican Origin
Authors: Gonzalez Raquel E. , Martin Magy , Martin Don
Published: September 2016

Older adults of Mexican origin are often underserved, especially those residing in nursing homes. The purpose of this study was to examine if there was a relationship among risk factors associated with depression and anxiety in older adults of Mexican origin. Using a quantitative correlational design, the relationships were assessed with a demographic questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). A sample of 150 elders of Mexican origin residing in nursing homes in a Texas–Mexico border city were examined using two multiple regression analyses. Data analysis indicated that there was a relationship between risk factors associated with depression and anxiety. Data from this study confirmed that a high score on ADLs predicted greater depression and anxiety while female gender predicted higher anxiety and frequent family support predicted low anxiety.
Association Between Glomerular Filtration Rate And Body Mass Index Among Orthopaedic Patients In Kano-Nigeria
Authors: SM Adamu , AM Wudil , MK Atiku , AJ Alhassan , A Ibrahim , MN Salihu , YA Koki , S Adamu
Published: September 2016

Any association between body mass index and kidney disease has so far proved inconclusive. Therefore, this study is aimed to provide association between glomerular filtration rate and body mass index among orthopaedic patients. A total of sixty (60) patients irrespective of gender were recruited. Weight and height were measured prior to the sample collection. A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain the demographic data of the subjects. Blood samples were collected from each patient by venepuncture from the antecubital vein of the forearm using disposable syringes. Serum creatinine was determined by method of Rosano et al. Body Mass Index and Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) were calculated using creatinine-based equation of Modification of Diet in Renal Disease. Mean BMI was found to be higher in females (25.48±5.65) than their male counterparts (21.44±4.52), while eGFR was found to be higher in males (184.14±53.23) than in females (152.06±32.71). Subjects with eGFR ≥60 were observed to be more frequent (98.30%); normal weight individuals had higher frequency (48.33%). Positive correlation exists between BMI and eGFR in males whereas negative correlation was found in females which indicates association between body mass index and kidney function is gender related.
Structural Layers Origin Of The Blue Colour Reflections On The Wings Of The Junonia Orithya Madagascarensis
Authors: Ouedraogo Issaka , Nanema Emmanuel , Ouedraogo Bintou , Ouedraogo Alioune , Simonis Priscilla , Zeghmati Belkacem
Published: September 2016

This article is devoted to the study of the structural layers origin of the blue reflections on the scales of the wings of the Junonia orithya madagascarensis, a butterfly of the Nymphalidae species. We proceed by spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization of these layers to explain the origin of the blue color of the wings. We also made numerical calculations to simulate the structural nature of these layers which help to support the experimental results. Indeed, from the measurements using the spectrophotometer, a main peak of reflection was obtained at 483 nm. From our calculations results we get a 515 nm for the dominant length in reflection and 510 nm for the numerical reproduction of the reflectance spectrum, respectively. These results confirm that the multilayer structure is at the origin of the blue colour of the dorsal scales of the wings of the Junonia. A very thin membrane is responsible for it. This membrane diffuses sunlight at its upper and inner surface. Therefore, it is called structural coloration. It is possible to consider artificial reproduction for the multilayer through a process of deposits in order to manufacture materials at nanometer scale with selective reflection.