bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUSCETIBILIDADE DE CULTIVARES DE ARROZ, SOB DIFERENTES DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO, À RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI
Authors: Lenz G. , Costa I.F.D. , Arrué A , Karkow D , Zemolin C.R , Silva T.M.B. , Coradini C. , Stefanelo M.S. , Marques L.N.
Published: June 2021

RESUMO Na safra agrícola de 2007/08 foi instalado um experimento no Município de Dona Francisca, RS, em solo do tipo Planossolo Háplico eutrófico típico, com o objetivo de avaliar a suscetibilidade de duas cultivares de arroz manejadas sob diferentes doses de nitrogênio (N) em relação à queima da bainha (Rhizoctonia solani). Foram avaliados o número de lesões por bainha, o tamanho das lesões e produtividade. Para as variáveis número de lesões por bainha, tamanho médio das lesões e produtividade houve interação significativa entre as doses de nitrogênio e as cultivares de arroz utilizadas. Verificou-se que a cultivar IRGA 417 apresentou menor suscetibilidade à R. solani e respondeu positivamente ao incremento de nitrogênio com relação à produtividade, o que não foi observado em relação à cultivar IRGA 422CL.
PRIMEIRO REGISTRO DE EPOLIGOSITA MEXICANA VIGGIANI (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) NO BRASIL
Authors: Santos R.S. , Silva R.B.Q. da , Costa V.A.
Published: June 2021

RESUMO Este é o primeiro registro de ocorrência do parasitoide Epoligosita mexicana Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) no Brasil. O trabalho objetivou verificar parasitoides de ovos endofíticos ou de ninfas e/ou adultos de Leptopharsa heveae Drake e Poor (Hemiptera: Tingidae) em folíolos de cinco clones de seringueira na fazenda da empresa Plantações E. Michelin Ltda., Itiquira, MT. Além dos parasitoides de ovos de L. heveae, foi obtido um total de 49 exemplares de E. mexicana dos folíolos de seringueira. A metodologia utilizada nos ensaios não eliminava as posturas endofíticas de outros insetos, além daquelas de L. heveae e, como foi observada a presença de ninfas de cicadelídeos não identificados nos ensaios, não foi possível confirmar a associação de E. mexicana com ovos de L. heveae, já que a espécie tem como hospedeiros primários espécies de Cicadellidae.
AÇÃO DE ACIBENZOLAR-S-METHYL ISOLADO E EM COMBINAÇÃO COM FUNGICIDAS NO MANEJO DE DOENÇAS NA CULTURA DO FEIJOEIRO
Authors: Navarini L. , Corte G.D. , Debona D. , Gulart C. , Favera D.D. , Balardin R.S.
Published: June 2021

RESUMO A cultura do feijoeiro é afetada por diversas doenças destacando-se a antracnose, causada por Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, e o crestamento bacteriano comum (CBC), causado por Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar o efeito de acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) isolado e em mistura com fungicidas no controle dessas enfermidades e na produtividade do feijoeiro. Foram utilizados os tratamentos com ASM isolado aplicados aos 7, 14 ou 21 DAE (dias após emergência), ASM com duas aplicações, aos 7 e 14 DAE, aos 14 e 21 DAE; 7, 14 e 21 DAE. Estes tratamentos foram combinados a três programas de controle químico com fungicidas, sendo trifenil hidróxido de estanho, uma mistura de trifenil hidróxido de estanho + azoxystrobin e azoxystrobin + difenoconazole. Uma aplicação de ASM realizada aos 7 DAE foi suficiente para promover redução de 60 e 38% na severidade de antracnose e de CBC, respectivamente, bem como incremento de 17% na produtividade da cultura. No entanto, as melhores respostas foram obtidas quando indutor e fungicidas foram combinados. Os dados sugerem o potencial de utilização do ASM em programas de controle de doenças na cultura do feijoeiro.
OCORRÊNCIA DE PARASITISMO EM LARVAS DE LIOGENYS SUTURALIS BLANCHARD, 1851 (COLEOPTERA: MELOLONTHIDAE) POR PTILODEXIA BRAUER & BERGENSTAMM, 1889 (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE)
Authors: Santos V. , Ávila C.J.
Published: June 2021

RESUMO O coró-do-milho, Liogenys suturalis, tem sido observado atacando lavouras de milho, trigo e aveia no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Esta praga consome as raízes das plantas prejudicando sua capacidade de absorção de água e nutrientes e, consequentemente, o seu potencial produtivo. Vários organismos podem atuar como inimigos naturais dos insetos que são tipicamente subterrâneos ou que passam uma fase do seu desenvolvimento no solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi registrar a ocorrência e a porcentagem de parasitismo em larvas de L. suturalis coletadas em três municípios da região Sul do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Foi constatada a ocorrência de parasitoides dípteros (Tachinidae) do gênero Ptilodexia Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1889 em todos os municípios onde as coletas foram realizadas. A maior porcentagem de parasitismo foi observada em Laguna Carapã (22,5%), seguida por Caarapó (15,9%) e Ponta Porã (0,8%).
A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Melo Marcelo R. S. , Bouquerel Bárbara B. , Masumoto Flávia T. , França Rayane S. , Netto-Ferreira André L.
Published: June 2021

Abstract A new species of Characidium is described from the tributaries of the rio Tocantinzinho, rio Tocantins basin, located in the southern portion of the Chapada dos Veadeiros, at about 1,200 meters of elevation, Goiás, Brazil. The new species can be diagnosed by an unusual combination of two apomorphic features present in distinct clades of Characidium, the presence of a scaleless isthmus in allied to with a single row of dentary teeth. Additionally, the new species has a unique color pattern of inconspicuous vertical bars disconnected from the dorsal midline, forming seven to nine square blotches along body sides, and the presence of a dark saddle-shaped mark at the dorsal-fin base. Osteologically, it can be diagnosed by having the first and second anal-fin proximal radials fused and contacting the third hemal spine, which is branched. The new species also has a peculiar, unusual variation of fin-ray counts among its congeners.
Hormonal endogenous changes in response to the exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine application in pre- and post-harvesting lilium flower stalks
Authors: Mantilla Gunther , Lorenzo Gabriel Antonio , Mascarini Libertad
Published: June 2021

Abstract Phyto-hormones play a key role in regulating plant responses to stress. Cytokines are a type of phyto-hormones involved in the regulation of many important biological processes related to growth, development, and response to environmental variables. The exogenous application of cytokines increases the possibility of delaying senescence; however, this is a physiological process, and, under certain conditions, degradation processes may be triggered. The effect of 6-bencilaminopurine application and the endogenous hormonal changes involved in lilies floral stalks after their cutting were studied. In order to improve vase life and quality of Lilium longiflorum ‘Brindisi’ flower stalks, they were sprayed with 6-BAP, at a concentration of 300 ppm at pre-harvest, post-harvest, and pre- and post-harvest stages. After that, they were compared to non-sprayed control stalks. The application of 6-BAP caused endogenous hormonal changes in abscisic acid and cytokinin levels, and the most effective treatment was pre-harvest spraying. This treatment proved to be an appropriate method to improve the stalk tolerance to post-harvest stress as it delayed the appearance of senescence symptoms and reduced the speed of chlorophyll degradation with differences of up to 10% with respect to untreated stalks. In addition, the opening of flowers was delayed by up to 2 days, although there were no significant differences in total vase life.
O conceito de mobilidade urbana: articulando ações em terapia ocupacional
Authors: Gonçalves Monica Villaça , Malfitano Ana Paula Serrata
Published: June 2021

Resumo Mobilidade urbana é um conceito que tem sido empregado em diversas publicações e é utilizado por diferentes áreas do conhecimento. A mobilidade urbana é indispensável para a efetivação do direito à cidade, sendo uma dimensão fundamental para a compreensão do cotidiano dos sujeitos, individuais e coletivos. Este artigo discute a possibilidade de incorporação do conceito de mobilidade urbana na terapia ocupacional. Para tal, apresenta o conceito de mobilidade urbana por diferentes áreas do conhecimento, como o urbanismo, engenharia, geografia e ciências sociais. A partir da construção de seu entendimento ampliado, busca-se refletir sobre como se dá a articulação do conceito com as práticas ou os fundamentos da profissão. Com apoio da literatura da área, categorizou-se quatro possibilidades de articulação entre mobilidade urbana e terapia ocupacional, sendo elas: a mobilidade urbana como: (1) um componente da avaliação da ação do terapeuta ocupacional, (2) um recurso terapêutico-ocupacional, (3) o objetivo da intervenção e (4) no trabalho com políticas públicas de planejamento urbano. Considerando as dimensões relacionadas com a mobilidade urbana, como os fatores sociais, físicos e atitudinais relacionados à sua efetivação, integradas de forma relevante ao cotidiano de vida dos sujeitos, entende-se que este conceito pode ser incorporado por terapeutas ocupacionais em suas práticas profissionais e em seus estudos para a efetivação de uma ação crítica, em busca da participação social dos sujeitos com os quais o profissional trabalha.
ESOPHAGEAL FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS IN THE PRE-OPERATORY EVALUATION OF BARIATRIC SURGERY
Authors: LEMME Eponina Maria de Oliveira , ALVARIZ Angela Cerqueira , PEREIRA Guilherme Lemos Cotta
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Obesity is an independent risk factor for esophageal symptoms, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and motor abnormalities. When contemplating bariatric surgery, patients with obesity type III undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and also esophageal manometry (EMN), and prolonged pHmetry (PHM) as part of their pre-operative evaluation. OBJECTIVE: Description of endoscopy, manometry and pHmetry findings in patients with obesity type III preparing for bariatric surgery, and correlation of these findings with the presence of typical GERD symptoms. METHODS: Retrospective study in which clinical symptoms of GERD were assessed, focusing on the presence of heartburn and regurgitation. All patients underwent EMN, PHM and most of them EGD. RESULTS: 114 patients (93 females-81%), average age 36 years old, average BMI of 45.3, were studied. Typical GERD symptoms were referred by 43 (38%) patients while 71 (62%) were asymptomatic. Eighty two patients (72% of total) underwent EGD and 36 (42%) evidenced esophageal abnormalities. Among the abnormal findings, hiatal hernia was seen in 36%, erosive esophagitis (EE) in 36%, and HH+EE in 28%. An abnormal EMN was recorded in 51/114 patients (45%). The main abnormality was a hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in 32%, followed by ineffective esophageal motility in 25%, nutcracker esophagus in 19%, IEM + hypotensive LES in 10%, intra-thoracic LES (6%), hypertensive LES (4%), aperistalsis (2%) and achalasia (2%). Among the 43 symptomatic patients, 23 (53%) had abnormal EMN and 31/71 asymptomatic cases (44%) also presented this finding (P=0.30). PHM showed abnormal reflux in 60/114 patients (53%), with a predominance of bi-positional reflux (42%), followed by supine reflux (33%) and upright reflux (25%). Abnormal PHM was found in 26/43 symptomatic cases (60%) and also among 34/71 asymptomatic cases (48%) (P=0.19). CONCLUSION: Manometric abnormalities were common in obesity type III patients, the most frequent being hypotensive LES, followed by IEM. Most patients were asymptomatic. There was no correlation between the finding of motor abnormalities and the presence of symptoms. More than half the patients had abnormal reflux at PHM. We found no significant correlation between abnormal reflux and the presence of symptoms.
ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION WITH CIRCUMFERENTIAL INCISION VERSUS TUNNELING METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF SUPERFICIAL ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: RIBEIRO Tarso Magno Leite , ARANTES Vitor N , RAMOS Jonas Augusto , DRAGANOV Peter V , YANG Dennis , GUIMARÃES Roberto Gardone
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of esophageal superficial neoplasm is associated with a high en bloc R0 resection rate and low recurrence. OBJECTIVE: We aim to compare the performance and clinical outcomes of ESD via ESD after circumferential incision (ESD-C) versus submucosal tunneling (ESD-T). METHODS: Single-center retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients who underwent ESD for superficial esophageal cancer, between 2009 and 2018. ESD-T was defined as the technique of making the mucosal incisions followed by submucosal tunneling in the oral to anal direction. ESD-C consisted of completing a circumferential incision followed by ESD. Main study outcomes included en bloc and R0 resection rates. Secondary outcomes included procedural characteristics, curative resection rate, local recurrence and adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 65 procedures (23 ESD-T and 42 ESD-C) were performed for ESCC (40; 61.5%) and BE-neoplasia (25; 38.5%). There were no statistically significant differences between patients who underwent ESD-T versus ESD-C in en bloc (91.3% vs 100%, P=0.12), R0 (65.2% vs 78.6%, P=0.24), curative resection rates (65.2% vs 73.8%, P=0.47) and mean procedure time (118.7 min with vs 102.4 min, P=0.35). Adverse events for ESD-T and ESD-C were as follows: bleeding (0 versus 2.4%; P=0.53), perforation (4.3% vs 0; P=0.61), esophageal stricture (8.7% versus 9.5%; P=0.31). Local recurrence was encountered in 8.7% after ESD-T and 2.4% after ESD-C (P=0.28) at a mean follow-up of 8 and 2.75 years, respectively (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: ESD-T and ESD-C appear to be equally effective with similar safety profiles for the management of superficial esophageal neoplasms.
Species-specific response of phytoplankton to zooplankton grazing in tropical eutrophic reservoirs
Authors: Severiano Juliana dos Santos , Amaral Camila Bezerra , Diniz Anamaria Silva , Moura Ariadne do Nascimento
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Aim To test the hypothesis that zooplankton changes the structure of phytoplankton in tropical reservoirs by reducing the biomass of algal species susceptible to herbivory. Methods We experimentally evaluated the species-specific responses of phytoplankton to zooplankton within eutrophic reservoirs with different phytoplankton community structure in northeastern of Brazil. Water samples were collected from the subsurface in coastal regions of the Apipucos and Mundaú reservoirs in January/2012 and November/2014, respectively, and transported to the laboratory. The experiments were performed in Erlenmeyer flasks (1 liter) filled with water from the sample sites and were maintained for five days in the laboratory conditions. Two treatments were maintained (1) with phytoplankton and the presence of the native zooplankton and (2) without native zooplankton. Results Zooplankton proved to be an important factor, modifying the structure of the phytoplankton community, especially in the Apipucos reservoir. In this reservoir, we observed a significant reduction of biomass in diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana, and the chlorophyte Chlamydomonas sp., and an increase in the biomass of Raphidiopsis raciborskii. In the Mundaú reservoir, we observed a significant reduction of C. meneghiniana and R. raciborskii, while cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa increased their biomasses in the presence of zooplankton. Conclusions These results show the importance of the microalgae community structure in phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions for food webs in tropical environments, as well as support the role of zooplankton in fostering cyanobacterial growth and maintain algal blooms.
THE EFFECT OF PRIMARY CARE POLICY CHANGES ON HOSPITALIZATION FOR AMBULATORY CARE SENSITIVE CONDITIONS: NOTES FROM BRAZIL
Authors: Guimarães Raphael Mendonça , Ribeiro Laís Pimenta , Pereira Aline Gonçalves , Graever Leonardo
Published: June 2021

Objective: to assess the effect of changes on Primary Care policies on the trend in hospitalization rates for Ambulatory Conditions Sensitive to Primary Care in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Study design: It´s an ecological study with data from Brazilian National Health Information System.  Methods: We performed interrupted time series analysis, comparing 3 different periods due to primary care policies in Brazil: 2008-2009; 2010-2017, and 2018-2019. Dataset included total ACSC and rates for 19 groups of conditions. Results: There was a non-significant increasing trend in baseline admissions. The reform impacted (policy #1) the change in trend, causing it to reduce in the period significantly. However, the change in the PNAB (policy #2) did not change the trend but reduced the rate of decline. Trends and differences among periods vary due to the ACSC group. Conclusion: Primary care is sensitive to changes in public health policies. The hospitalization rate for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions is an indicator that reflects the changes and the adaptability of the organization of the health service network to guarantee universal coverage and to attend to the population's demand.
LA-ICP-MS on hardened cement paste: laser-material interaction, signal formation and optimization of laser fluence
Authors: Decker M. , Siegel J. , Hilbig H. , Heinz D.
Published: June 2021

In almost all applications of concrete components, both the transport of substances such as chlorides, sulphates, acids, CO2, etc. through the pore structure into the concrete and the resulting local chemical and physical processes have a negative effect on the lifetime of the structure. Most data are actually obtained from layer-by-layer mechanical sampling of, for instance, bore dust, followed by chemical analysis. Several groups have previously demonstrated the enormous potential of LA-ICP-MS for monitoring these multi element processes both qualitatively and quantitatively and with high spatial resolution. However, there has been no fundamental investigation of laser-material interaction, aerosol particle formation, fractionation analysis or the effect of cement-specific parameters such as the water to cement (w/c) ratio on signal intensity. This paper presents the ablation mechanisms of a frequently used 213 nm quintupled Nd:YAG ns laser operating on the HCP (hardened cement paste) multi-phase system in comparison with amorphous and well-characterized NIST 612 glass. It includes energy-signal considerations, crater evaluations after multiple shots using different energy densities and aerosol structures captured on filters. The investigation determined a linear energy to signal behavior in a range of 2–6 J/cm2, while the ablation mechanism is different to common mechanisms obtained for glass or brass. The aerosol captured on the filter material displays cotton-like structures as well as defined spherical particles, which is comparable to observations made with NIST glass aerosols.
Hıristiyan Doktrinlerin Delillendirilmesinde Kur’an'ın Kullanılması
Authors: AYDOĞMUŞ Recep
Published: June 2021

İslam’ın erken dönemlerinden itibaren Hıristiyanlar kaleme aldıkları apolojik eserlerle bir yandan İslam’a eleştiriler yöneltirken, bir yandan da Kur’an’dan hareketle kendi doktrinlerini savunma ve temellendirme gayreti içerisine girmişlerdir. Bu hususta bilinen en erken metinlerden biri Emeviler devrinde yaşayan Yuhannâ ed-Dımeşkî’ye (675-749) ait İsmaîlîlerin Sapkınlığı başlıklı eserdir. İlerleyen süreçte Hıristiyan din adamları aynı gayelerle daha geniş ve sistematik apolojik risaleler yazmışlardır. Bunun en önemli örneklerini 12. yüzyılda yaşamış olan Hıristiyan Arap Antakyalı Pavlus’un Müslüman Bir Arkadaşa Risale isimli eserinde ve bu eserin 14. yüzyılda Kıbrıslı anonim bir Hıristiyan tarafından yapılmış olan Kıbrıs Adası Halkının Risalesi isimli uyarlamasında da görmek mümkündür. Adı geçen eserlerde Teslis, Kristoloji ve Marioloji gibi temel Hıristiyan doktrinlerine yer verilmekte ve Kur’an ayetlerinden hareketle bazı açıklamalar yapılmaktadır. Bu makale ile yapılmak istenen Antakyalı Pavlus ve Kıbrıslı anonim yazarın mezkûr eserlerinden hareketle Hıristiyanların İslam’a yönelttikleri eleştirileri, kendi doktrin ve inançlarını Kur’an’dan referansla nasıl temellendirdiklerini ve bu bağlamda Kur’an ayetlerini nasıl yorumladıklarını ortaya koymaktır
A Legal Analysis of the Use of Innovative Technology in the Promotion of Financial Inclusion for Low-Income Earners in South Africa
Authors: Chitimira Howard , Magau Phemelo
Published: June 2021

The promotion of financial inclusion is important for the combating of financial exclusion in many countries, including South Africa. Nonetheless, most low-income earners living in rural areas and informal settlements are still struggling to gain access to basic financial products and financial services in South Africa. This status quo has been caused by a number of factors such as the absence of an adequate financial inclusion policy, the geographical remoteness of financial institutions to most low-income earners, rigid identity documentary requirements, a lack of access to reliable and affordable Internet connection by low-income earners living in informal settlements and rural areas, a lack of financial illiteracy, the high costs of financial services, unemployment and poverty, over-indebtedness, and cultural and psychological hindrances to low-income earners in South Africa. Consequently, these factors have somewhat limited the access to financial services offered by financial institutions to low-income earners living in rural areas and informal settlements. In many countries, including South Africa, the financial sector is relying on innovative technology, especially in banking institutions, to aid in the offering of financial services to their customers. It is against this background that this article discusses selected legal and related challenges affecting the regulation and use of innovative technology to promote financial inclusion for low-income earners in South Africa. The article further discusses possible measures that could be adopted by the government, financial institutions and other relevant regulatory bodies to promote the use of innovative technology to combat the financial exclusion of low-income earners in South Africa.
Adolescentes en la escuela: grupos de reflexión para pensar en la práctica de la ciudadanía
Authors: Ferreira Koehler Sonia Maria , Pereira Antonio dos Santos Georgiano Joaquim , De Souza Correa Caique Felipe
Published: June 2021

Este informe de experiencia titulado "Adolescentes en la escuela: grupos de reflexión para pensar sobre la práctica de la ciudadanía" se caracterizó como una investigación de acción y busca demostrar y discutir el proceso de un grupo de reflexión con adolescentes como una alternativa intervencionista. Este trabajo se presenta con el objetivo de fomentar el ejercicio de la ciudadanía activa en la escuela y también en otras áreas de la vida cotidiana. El estudio se realizó en 2019, con estudiantes de ambos sexos de la escuela secundaria, con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 17 años, en una escuela pública de una ciudad ubicada en el interior del estado de São Paulo / Brasil. Se estructuraron cinco grupos con un máximo de veinte estudiantes, que se inscribieron voluntariamente y fueron mediados por dos facilitadores del campo de la Psicología. En este informe describiremos la experiencia de un solo grupo en que se discutieron temas sobre las humanidades y sus desafíos, como el autoconocimiento, el papel de la escuela en la sociedad, las relaciones familiares, la salud, las relaciones de género, la desigualdad, el racismo, la injusticia. Al crear condiciones favorables para que los estudiantes puedan posicionarse, fue posible favorecer la articulación de nuevos conocimientos sobre los temas y con diferentes impactos aplicaron el aprendizaje en la escuela y en otros contextos.
La Educación Ambiental como estrategia para enfrentar el cambio climático
Authors: Gavilanes Capelo Raisa Michelle , Tipán Barros Boris Genaro
Published: June 2021

The global environmental crisis that humanity is facing involves the creation of efforts that contribute towards greater socio-ecological resilience, which can face the consequences of these changes that are affecting the planet at a local, regional and global level. These mechanisms seek for society to acquire greater knowledge and skills, to achieve an ecological culture that leads to a sustainable relationship with nature. In this context, this research paper aims to determine the effect that environmental education has had as a strategy that contributes to mitigation and adaptation to climate change. This investigation was carried out through working with students, teachers, and authorities from three educational institutions in the city of Cuenca. It was necessary to apply a study from two approaches, quantitative with the application of surveys to students and their teachers, and qualitative with an in-depth interview to the headmasters and coordinators of each high school. The results were statistically examined in the case of the surveys, and the interviews’ contents were properly analyzed. The obtained information was used to establish guidelines that can help to change the traditional way in which environmental education is being undertaken nowadays, this part defines strategies, approaches, and methodologies to be worked in a transversal and holistic way within the curriculum program of the educational centers of this research.
Shaping the Image of Nicholas II in Historical Memory
Authors:   Tyumen Museum and Educational Association (Tyumen, Russian Federation), Ankusheva Kseniya A.
Published: June 2021

The image of the last Russian emperor’s family arouses big interest despite the fact that times are changing. Nicholas II is quite an ambiguous historical figure. It may be stated that public opinion about him varies a lot. It causes a great number of discussions, every time another newsbreak comes to light. Basically, it is the mass media that stimulate people’s memory: anniversary announcements, new movies, etc. The research is relevant as far as the story considered in the article is one of those that shape our collective memory. The latter contributes to the shaping of the state identity. That is why it is significant to examine the way Nicholas II’s image has been shaped in historical context. The author analyzes the data that shape the image of Emperor Nicholas II in historical memory. The growing variety of such data is considered, their content is studied. She examines the documents from Nicholas II’s epoch, scholarly works of the Soviet and post-Soviet times, textbooks, the most popular information resources, some commemoration practices, and the museum space. The author separately presents the national tourist project “Emperor’s Route” and some visual sources targeted at the broad target audience. She defines the basic trends in evaluating the personality of Nicholas II, as well as the basic components of his image including the recent ones according to which the Russian Emperor is referred to as a passion bearer. The article contains some references to sociological studies. The image of Nicholas II is widely recognizable and consists of a definite number of beliefs and values. Nicholas II’s epoch and his personality arouse big interest, the emperor being a symbol of that time. The society has numerous and various sources and channels of information. On the one hand, it allows getting an almost unlimited access to the data, evaluative data as well. On the other hand, it complicates the process of shaping a single image. The name of Nicholas II is still retained by historical memory, associated with tragic events in the history of our country, and his reign is evaluated ambiguously. At present, we can clearly distinguish the presence of two main trends in the assessment of Nicholas II’s personality: critical and apologetic. People sympathize with the emperor’s family, especially with the children. This component of Nicholas II’s image does not cause any major controversies regardless of sex or age group, political views or other characteristics of the audience.
Stylistic and Semantic Features of Epitaphs (Based on Texts of Provincial Cemeteries in Perm Krai). Part I
Authors:   Solikamsk State Pedagogical Institute (Branch) of Perm State University (Solikamsk, Russian Federation), Panteleeva Liliya M.
Published: June 2021

The first part of the article describes the stylistic features of poetic epitaphs recorded during field surveys of provincial cemeteries in Perm Krai in 2019. These texts have not only historical and source-study, but also cultural value. The establishment of the features of the broad epitaph heritage in a particular historical period leads to an understanding of the worldview of representatives of everyday life of the given time. When classifying the material, the author took into account the nature of authorship and the genre function. On these grounds, the collected texts are divided into four groups. Group 1 is folklore texts for which the epitaph function is initial. These are epitaphs generated in the folk environment, they are characterized by anonymity, a characteristic set of topics, variability, a high degree of formulaicity and a typified subject. They are broadcast not only in real conditions, but also on the Internet. Group 2 is folklore texts for which the epitaph function is secondary. Such texts are a rare occurrence in cemetery poetry associated with subcultural folklore. Group 3 is authorial texts for which the epitaph function is initial. This group is organized by anonymous works of amateur nature. Fixed in a single copy, they do not find variants either in cemeteries or on the Internet. The stylistic differences between naive epitaphs and folk epitaphs are reduced to the individualization of the dead through their lifetime qualities, as well as the manifestation of the author’s poetic talent. Group 4 is authorial texts for which the epitaph function is secondary. According to the genre of the source, these works belong to poems, novels, dramas, literary epitaphs, aphorisms, and songs. Poetic quotations in the function of epitaphs can be transmitted verbatim or be reworked in accordance with new content and stylistic tasks. In addition to these categories, the studied material also reveals as a transitional phenomenon, when a popular text loses its connection with the author and functions as a folk text. The basis for identifying transient phenomena is provided by Internet statistics. In the final section of the first part, conclusions are drawn about 1) the prevalence of epitaph texts in the cemetery space of the province; 2) the correlation of the author’s classification with previous works on the style of epitaphs; 3) the thematic features of cemetery poetry; 4) the presence of regional specificity in the presented set of texts.
Roman Ingarden on Temporal Existence in the Context of Temporality Problems in Phenomenology in the 20th and 21st Centuries
Authors:   Admiral Ushakov State Maritime University (Novorossiysk, Russian Federation), Serova Natalya V.
Published: June 2021

Roman Ingarden’s ontic approach to the problem of the temporality of human existence is considered in the context of the phenomenology of the 20th century and its significance in the development of the temporal problems of the 21st century. The author considers the continuity of the study of this theme and, to this purpose, compares the interpretations of the concept “temporality” in the phenomenology of Husserl, Heidegger, and Ingarden. In his concept, Ingarden defines temporal existence not only as a set of time experiences, but also as human actions performed in time. The author identifies the features of consideration of the onticontological question of time in the teachings of Ingarden and Heidegger, and determine the originality of Ingarden’s ideas. Their essence is that, in the ontic sense, time is not derived from experiences, but from human actions. The nature of time manifests itself in the destruction and death of any existence, and human existence as well. Time is not ecstatic in its divided moments of past, present, and future, and, by submitting to it, man loses oneself and becomes similar to an object. The dilemma of two “experiences of time”, which Ingarden’s followers tried to understand and accept one of the opposite positions in relation to time, became the main theme of his teaching. In considering it, Ingarden wanted to show the causes and results of the contradiction of a person’s temporal existence, in order to help one make the right choice and not to commit actions that lead one to lose oneself in the flow of time. The author analyzes the interpretations of the followers and critics of Ingarden’s ontic teaching about the diversity of temporal modalities, and determines the degree of its influence on the prospects for the contemporary development of temporal issues. Each of the modalities of the temporality of a person’s existence expresses a special image of one’s being, and, when changing, it can lead to this person’s transformations. Ingarden assigned a key place in his teaching to free action as a way of embodying the diversity of temporal experiences of a person. These ideas were perceived differently at the turn of the 21st century, and they certainly did not leave indifferent either the critics or the followers of the ontic approach to the study of temporality. If we further study Ingarden’s ideas and apply them to linguistics and psychology, we could find answers to many questions that are of interest to specialists in these fields of knowledge.
Economia da Partilha e Práticas de Comunicação Organizacional em Tempos de Covid-19: Social Brands no Brasil e em Portugal
Authors: Raposo João Francisco , Terra Carolina Frazon
Published: June 2021

O artigo trata da relação entre as organizações pertencentes à economia da partilha e suas práticas, comportamentos e posturas de comunicação organizacional em função da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Definimos economia da partilha (sharing economy ou economia colaborativa) como os bens e serviços fornecidos pelas plataformas digitais da rede por meio do compartilhamento de recursos e da confiança. Tomamos como premissa a digitalização compulsória a que muitos negócios se viram submetidos e partimos para a reflexão a partir daí. Nossa análise, pautada pela pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória, se localizou em marcas escolhidas intencionalmente, no Brasil e em Portugal, buscando refletir sobre o contexto da covid-19 e suas respectivas ações de comunicação em suas propriedades digitais ou em seus perfis de mídias sociais. Ilustramos estratégias de exposição e visibilidade comunicacional desde março até agosto de 2020, chegando a uma reflexão sobre a urgência em atuar ativamente em demandas sociais, caracterizando-as como social brands. Em nosso entendimento, uma marca social tem forte presença no digital, destaca-se com boas práticas de comunicação e, acima de tudo, possui uma estratégia de atuação que vai além do seu negócio ou do lucro direto não apenas durante um período de crise, mas também consciente de seu papel social e do impacto que sua atuação responsável gera.
As Estratégias de Comunicação das Plataformas de Trabalho: Circulação de Sentidos nas Mídias Sociais das Empresas no Brasil
Authors: Grohmann Rafael , Nonato Cláudia , Marques Ana Flávia , Acosta Camargo Camila
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar como as plataformas de entrega e transporte no Brasil construíram seu ethos nas mídias sociais, no contexto da primeira greve dos trabalhadores dessas empresas, dentro do cenário da pandemia de coronavírus. Argumentamos, a partir da noção de circulação de sentidos, como a construção do ethos das plataformas é um elemento sígnico da luta de classes e uma dimensão do papel da comunicação na plataformização do trabalho. Conduzimos análise do conteúdo veiculado em mídias sociais (Instagram, Facebook, Twitter e YouTube) de duas plataformas de entrega (iFood e Rappi) e duas de transporte (Uber e 99), as principais do país. As categorias de análise são: “pandemia e saúde” (dimensão contextual em relação à crise sanitária); “cidadania e diversidade” (dimensão recorrente no discurso produzido pelas plataformas, em linha com a literatura da área), “relações com marcas e influenciadores” (trabalho de visibilidade das plataformas com públicos interessados específicos) e “representações dos trabalhadores” (como elemento central da dimensão sígnica da luta de classes). Em linhas gerais, as estratégias de comunicação das plataformas, focadas nos consumidores, apresentam sentidos de caridade, filantropia, cidadania e diversidade, dizendo-se abertas às demandas dos trabalhadores. As reivindicações dos trabalhadores são ressignificadas a partir de um olhar de cidadania sacrificial, autoajuda, empreendedorismo e superação. Os resultados mostram como a comunicação das plataformas nas mídias sociais jogam um papel central nas contradições de classes.
Improving customer experience with artificial intelligence by adhering to ethical principles
Authors: Dolganova Olga
Published: June 2021

The intensive development and application of artificial intelligence technologies in organizing interaction with clients is accompanied by such difficulties as: the client’s unwillingness to communicate with the robot, distrust, fear, negative experience of the clients. Such problems can be solved by adhering to ethical principles of using artificial intelligence. In scientific and practical research on this topic, there are many general recommendations that are difficult to apply in practice, or, on the contrary, that describe the methods for solving a highly specialized technical or management problem. The purpose of this article is to determine the ethical principles and methods, the observance and implementation of which would increase confidence in artificial intelligence systems among client of a particular organization. As a result of the analysis and synthesis of the scientific and practical investigations, as well as the empirical experience of Russian and foreign companies, the main areas of application of artificial intelligence technologies affecting the customer experience were identified. The ethical principles recommended to be followed by business have been formulated and systematized. The main methods have been also identified to enable implementation of these principles in practice, and so to reduce the negative effects of customer interaction with artificial intelligence and increase their confidence in the company.
Targeted ExSeq -- In Situ Sequencing (Illumina Chemistry) v1
Authors: Cui Yi , Sinha Anubhav , Boyden Ed
Published: June 2021

This protocol accompanies Expansion Sequencing (ExSeq), and describes the process of performing in situ sequencing with the Illumina chemistry. The steps here are an extension of the protocol used in the original paper and are optimized for reading longer barcodes of up to seven bases. For shorter barcodes (less than four bases) in brain tissue, we recommend using the experimental protocol from the paper (with the imaging conditions as described in this protocol) as it is simpler and slightly faster. There are two stages to this protocol: (1) sample preparation (steps 5-10), involving anchoring the sample to a glass-bottom plate and preparing the sample for sequencing; and (2) in situ sequencing using the Illumina sequencing-by-synthesis chemistry (steps 11-15). After in situ sequencing is complete, there is an optional antibody staining recovery step (step 16) if antibody staining was performed during tissue preparation. The relationship between template bases and fluorophores is shown in Fig. 1A. Note that the added base (that bears the fluorophore) is the complementary base, i.e. the modified dCTP from the Illumina reagents bears the most redshifted dye. The specific length 7, Hamming distance 3 logical barcode library used in these protocols is shown in Fig. 1B, with the specific readout strategy for Illumina in situ sequencing shown in Fig. 1C. The process of Illumina sequencing-by-synthesis in situ is shown in Fig. 1D. There are three key steps: an incorporation step, in which the next base of the barcode is synthesized; an imaging step, in which the sample is imaged on a spinning disk confocal microscope; and a cleavage step, in which the dye is cleaved, and the reversible terminator is unblocked, enabling the next round of synthesis to be performed. This protocol was used to profile human metastatic breast cancer biopsies as a part of the Human Tumor Atlas Pilot Project.
Efficiency of European Airports: Parametric Versus Non-parametric Approach
Authors: Matulova Marketa , Rejentova Jana
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a performance evaluation of European airports, based on the application of both parametric and non-parametric approaches. We have evaluated the 115 busiest airports in Europe according to the number of passengers checked-in in 2018. The four inputs we used were the number of Terminals, Runways, Boarding gates, and Aircraft stands. Three variables were used to describe the outputs, namely, Passengers, Movements, and Cargo. The parametric method we chose to apply was the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) with the Cobb-Douglas production function, the Half-Normal distribution of inefficiency component, and the Normal distribution of an error term. As a basic SFA model only allows for a single output, we employed different methods to get a single efficiency score for each and every airport. Next, we evaluated the airport performance non-parametrically using several Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) models including the super-efficiency model. We compared the results obtained by individual approaches and discussed their pros and cons. Finally, we applied the program evaluation procedure to explore the effect of the different forms of airports ownership on their performance.
Lawsonia inermis Linn. (Inai) dalam Perspektif Hadith: Aplikasi dalam Etnobotani Melayu dan Kehadiran Aktiviti Antioksida
Authors: Othman Muhammad Remy , Ahmad Khadher , Mohd Yusoff Zulkifli , Awang Khalijah , Md Ariffin Mohd Farhan , Othman Rozana
Published: June 2021

Tumbuhan inai telah dikenali sejak dahulu sebagai tumbuhan pelbagai guna dan telah dilaporkan manfaatnya dalam hadith dan etnobotani Melayu. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian saintifik tentang potensi inai sebagai agen pencegahan luka masih terhad dan tidak meluas. Sebatian antioksida semulajadi di dalam tumbuhan adalah amat penting bagi proses penyembuhan luka. Secara umumnya antioksida berfungsi untuk melambatkan kesan keradangan kulit dan menghalang enzim tromboplastin daripada diserang oleh radikal bebas dalam proses penyembuhan luka oleh sistem kulit manusia. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk membuktikan kewujudan sebatian antioksida dalam esktrak inai. Metode kajian yang digunapakai adalah dengan menguji kandungan antioksida dalam inai, berbanding dengan sebatian antioksida piawai iaitu quercetine dan gallic acid, melalui Ujian DPPH. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kewujudan sebatian antioksida dalam inai, berfungsi membantu proses penyembuhan luka secara semulajadi seperti yang diamalkan oleh Rasulullah SAW. Dapatan eksperimen ini amat penting untuk ujikaji selanjutnya seperti ujian tahap ketoksikan inai, dan ujian antikeradangan dalam perut tikus (gastroprotective) daripada ekstrak inai.
Measurement Research on New Urbanization Development of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Cluster Based on the Concept of “Production-Living-Ecology” Space
Authors: Liang Zhou
Published: June 2021

With the accelerating urbanization process, the urbanization rate is increasing year by year. Taking Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Cluster as an example, the evaluation index system of new urbanization in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Cluster is constructed from three dimensions: production space, living space and ecological space. The entropy method, mathematical statistics analysis and exploratory spatial data analysis are adopted, and the time from 2008 to 2020 is taken as the research time node. This paper analyzes the development level of new urbanization in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Cluster from two aspects of time series dynamics and spatial pattern. Through data analysis, it is found that there is a high correlation between new urbanization and population urbanization rate in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Cluster. The growth trend of “quality” and “number” of new urbanization is consistent, and the comprehensive level of new urbanization in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Cluster is constantly improving. At the same time, there are some problems in the new urbanization of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Cluster, such as unreasonable industrial structure, backward public transport infrastructure, serious structural unemployment, serious air pollution and large gap between urban and rural areas. Finally, the paper puts forward relevant policy suggestions.
Investigation of behavior of cooling tower structure under external loads
Authors: ÇARHOĞLU Asuman Işıl
Published: June 2021

Cooling towers are high and thin structures which are widely used at the industry and nuclear facilities. These structures are built on column elements as reinforced concrete. Determining the behavior of the buildings affected by the dynamic loads such as wind and earthquake is very important in terms of preventing the loss of life and property. In this study, hyperbolic cooling with 117m height tower was examined and the behaviors of the structure in earthquake and wind effects were investigated. During the application of the wind load, 25m / sec wind velocity was applied and three ground motion records were applied to the structures in the course of the earthquake analysis. The wind load was calculated in accordance with the ASCE 7-10 standard and it was given as angular. As a result of the analysis, the values of the displacement and stress were obtained and examined. According to the results of the wind load analysis; As the height of the tower increases, the values of wind load increase and the displacement values occurring in the building increase. The values of displacement and stress vary angularly depending on angular wind load. It is seen that the highest values of displacement and stress values were obtained in Kobe earthquake. Displacement values were examined depending on the height and the largest displacement values were obtained at the top part.
Remarks on the group of unıts of a corner ring
Authors: YILDIRIM Tülay
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study is to characterize rings having the following properties for a non-trivial idempotent element e of R, U (eRe) = e + eJ(R)e = e + J (eRe) (and U (eRe) = e + N (eRe)),where U (-), N (-) and J (-) denote the group of units, the set of all nilpotent elements and the Jacobson radical of R, respectively. In the present paper, some characterizations are also obtained in terms of every element is of the form e + u, where e2 = e ∈ R and u ∈ U(eRe).
Investigation of physical and structural properties of cs doped y1ba2cu3o7 superconductors
Authors: BAĞ Öznur , NEZİR Saffet
Published: June 2021

In this work, YBa2‑xCsxCu3O7‑δ (x= 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 wt. %) samples were prepared by using solid state reaction method. Some electrical, physical and structural properties of these compounds were examined by using SEM (scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), electrical resistivity, critical current density and AC susceptibility measurements, respectively. On the basis of the SEM measurements, it would seem that increasing the amount of Cs doping, the porous structures decrease and the grain size increases up to approximately 50 μm. Unit cell parameters were calculated by employing XRD measurements. On the basis of the data obtained from X-ray diffraction, Cs atoms displaced Ba atoms in the crystal structure. From the measurements of electrical resistivity at 80 K-120 K temperature, it was determined that the highest transition temperature was 91.5 K after addition of 0.05 wt. % Cs. The critical transition temperature was decreased by increasing the amount of Cs doping. Critical current density measurements on the same samples showed that as the amount of Cs doping increases, the values of Jc decrease. AC magnetic susceptibility measurements showed a sharper transition to the superconducting state in YBa2‑xCsxCu3O7‑δ (x= 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 wt.%) samples with the increase in the additive amount.