bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quercetin reverses sorafenib‐resistant SK‐Hep‐1 cells to sorafenib by up‐regulation of p53 pathway
Authors: Huang Chin‐Shiu , Huang Shih‐Chien , Jhan Fu‐Wei
Published: November 2023

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in the human cancer is a major obstacle in sorafenib (SF) therapy. Although the main molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance to SF are largely unknown, it is becoming clear that activation of p53 pathway is one of the strategies for the inhibition of drug resistance. In this study, we invastigated the anti‐cancer effects and anti‐drug resistance of SF in combination with quercetin in human heptocarcinoma SK‐Hep‐1 cells (wild‐type p53). We showed that long‐term treatment of SF (0–10 μM) reduced anti‐proliferative effects of SF and up‐regulated the MDR protein expression, caused drug resistance. Combination with quercetin (30 μM) for 24 h enhanced the SF sensitivity of SF‐resistant SK‐Hep1 (SK‐Hep‐1/SF) cells. Expression of SF‐induced MDR was also down‐regulated after quercetin treatment in SK‐Hep‐1/SF cells. However, p53 protein expression was down‐regulated by SF treatment, whereas it was increased by quercetin treatment. Pifithrin‐α, a p53 inhibitor, was appreciably abolished the inhibition effect of guercetin on SF‐induced MDR. Taken together, these results suggest that quercetin could be used to reduce SF‐induced drug resistance in human hepatoma cells through the regulation of p53 pathway.

Support or Funding Information

This study was supported by a grant (MOST‐103‐2320‐B‐468‐004‐MY3) from the Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan).
Apoptotic Proteins Expression in Experimental Colon Cancer Model
Authors: Padmanabhan Smitha , Taranikanti Varna , Waly Mostafa
Published: November 2023

Background

Colon and rectum cancers are the third commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. Modifiable risk factors associated with these cancers are B‐vitamins (folate and B12) deficiencies, oxidative stress, and Hyperhomocysteinemia. It is relatively unknown how B viatmins affect oxidative stress and hyperhomocysteinemia‐mediated carcinogenesis in colon tissue.

Objective

To study the expression of antiapoptotic and proapoptotic proteins (Bcl2, Bax) on azoxymethane induced colon cancer using B vitamins and also to see any ultrastructural changes using Electron Microscopy.

Methods

Azoxymethane (AOM)‐induced colon cancer model was used in Sprague‐Dawley male rats were randomly divided into groups. The control group fed a basal diet with no AOM injection; the AOM‐treated group fed a basal diet with AOM intraperitoneal injections, whereas the other experimental groups received daily doses of folate or vitamin B12 supplementation in the presence or absence of AOM injection. Another 6 groups of rats were tested for the potential synergistic effects of both folate and vitamin B12 supplementation. All animals continuously fed ad‐libitum until 16 weeks, then all rats were sacrificed and the colon tissues were examined for the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural changes. Briefly, 2–3mm of colon tissue sections were stored in glutaraldehyde and from these semithin and ultrathin sections were cut and viewed to delineate the cellular organelles architecture in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Paraffin blocks were cut and the expression of Bcl2 and Bax was observed under a light microscope using Immunohistochemistry(IHC) technique. Rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodies were procured from ABCAM and Dako respectively.

Results

There was over expression of Bcl2 and Bax proteins in colon cancer tissues treated with B vitamins however their expression was dose dependent. There were also ultra structural changes in the cell organelles with dilation of endoplasmic reticulum and increase in the number of mitochondria. This is consistent with our earlier finding that early exposure to AOM causes morphological changes in the coloni mucosa of the assayed groups.

Conclusion

Vitamin B12 and folate play a protective role against oxidative stress at both the cellular and protein levels and might ameliorate the metabolic stress on colon cells caused by cancer.

Support or Funding Information

Acknowledging Sultan Qaboos University Scholarship for my PhD Studies.
Obesity deteriorates DMBA‐induced tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Hsieh Chia‐Chien , Peng Shih‐Han , Chou Mei‐Jia
Published: November 2023

Obesity and overweight are associated to several chronic diseases. Growing body of evidence showed extra adiposity influences multiple cancers progression, such as breast cancer. During the adiposity, macrophages infiltrate into the adipose tissue and accompany inflammatory mediators secretion fertilized a microenvironment that is favorable for neoplastic cells. The aim of this study is to investigate whether obesity correlate to mammary tumor development in vitro and in vivo. In vitro study, the obese‐related mediators, such as leptin and 3T3‐L1 adipocyte conditioned medium, enhanced cancerous foci formation inducted by environmental chemical carcinogen, 7,12‐Dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA) in fibroblast NIH/3T3 cells. In vivo study, C57BL/6J female mice fed low fat (LF), and high fat (HF) experimental diets, and some of them were oral gavage DMBA to induce breast cancer, as LF+DMBA (LFD), and HF+DMBA (HFD). The results indicated that breast cancer incidence was about 20% in HFD group with 169 mg tumor weight and 14% in LFD group with 77 mg tumor weight, and HFD mice have significantly lower body weight compared to the HF mice. The section of mammary tumor from HFD mice accompanied stromal invasion, morphological aggressiveness and multiple cells infiltration, and showed apparently proliferative marker Ki67, endothelial marker CD31 and macrophage marker F4/80 expressions compared to that in LFD group. The section of epididymal adipose tissue from the DMBA groups showed more macrophage infiltration and these cells polarized to M1 with higher CD11c expression compared to the mice fed the same diet. In addition, the adipose sections from HF groups have lower M2 macrophages accumulation. In summary, obese mediators enhanced cancerous foci formation by DMBA challenge in vitro, and high fat diet caused neoplastic aggravation in mammary tumor, particularly, decreased suppressive M2 macrophages infiltration into adipose tissues in vivo.

Support or Funding Information

Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 103‐2320‐B‐003‐003‐MY3).
Regulation of microRNA 378 through diet and exercise
Authors: Kriska ADam , Jung Paul , Moody Laura , Emmons Russel , Xu Guanying , De Lisio Michael , Pan Yuan‐Xiang , Chen Hong
Published: November 2023

The identification of cancer specific miRNAs and their target genes is necessary in order to understand the role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis. Recent studies have shown that expression of miR‐378 is correlated to CRC survival and lymph node metastasis. When CRC metastasizes to the lymph system, and when an individual has low expression of miR‐378, chances of survival decreases. The aim of our study was to understand how diet and exercise affect colon cancer formation and biomarker analysis in a preclinical model. To test this, C57BL/6N mice were fed either a control diet (C), AIN‐93M, or a high fat (HF) diet consisting of 45% fat for 9 weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of carcinogen Azoxymethane (AOM). Mice on HF diet were divided into two groups: high‐fat (HF) and high‐fat plus exercise (HF+EX). A 24‐week progressive treadmill‐training program (1 hr/d, 3 d/wk) was used to exercise the mice in the HF+EX group. We show that the colon, muscle, and serum expressed miR‐378 inversely proportional to CRC progression; the treatment groups with the least amount of cancer progression have the highest miR‐378 expression and the high‐fat group have the lowest miR‐378 expression. In colon and muscle tissue, the C group miR‐378 expression is significantly higher than the HF group, (.587 vs .145, P < .05) and (8.59 vs. 5.76, P <.05) respectively. The next step for developing easy biomarkers is to test the blood. The serum expression of miR‐378 was consistent with the miR‐378 colon and muscle data. The C group has a miR‐378 expression significantly higher than the HF group, (.025 vs .0076, P < .05) The exercise treatment increased the miR‐378 expression back to C levels compared to the HF group (.042 vs .0076, P < .05). The exercise treatment even surpassed original C levels (.042 vs .025 P < .05). From these results we conclude that exercise increased levels of miR‐378 expression back to control levels, and miR‐378 is able to be used as a detectable marker in colon, muscle, and serum. We show here that miR‐378 is detectable in very early stages of CRC, and can be detected in serum. Obtained from blood, a serum sample is much easier to obtain than muscle or colon. The earlier we can detect CRC, the better we can treat it. Future studies need to be done to examine how to implement standardized testing systems using miR‐378. Because we have shown a dramatic increase in miR‐378 expression after exercise treatment, future work needs to be done examining exogenous treatment of miR‐378 as a potential treatment for CRC.
Integrating Multi‐Omic Data from Proteome, Phospholipidome, and Oxylipid Profiles Explains a Sizable Proportion of Variance Associated with the Presence of Colon Polyps
Authors: Pickens Charles Austin , Vazquez Ana I. , Sordillo Lorraine M. , Jones A. Daniel , Fenton Jenifer I.
Published: November 2023

Changes in the proteome and lipidome are associated with increased inflammation, inflammation‐induced colon carcinomas, and colon tumor survival. Our lab has previously reported levels of specific serum proteins and plasma fatty acids are associated with colon polyps. The objective of this study was to determine associations with colon polyps and the proportion of variance explained by integrating entire proteomic and lipidomic profiles. A total of 122 Caucasian males (48–65 years) were categorized by colon polyp type, either: no polyps, 1 or more hyperplastic polyps, or 1 or more adenomas. ELISA was used to quantify 70 serum proteins. The plasma phospholipidome (>2000 lipids) was profiled using UPLC‐untargeted high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Plasma non‐esterified fatty acids and >60 oxylipids were fractionated using solid phase extraction and quantified using HPLC‐MS/MS. All ‐omic data sets were centered and scaled in the same manner. Bayesian generalized additive models were used to integrate the high‐dimensional multi‐omic profiles. Single marker regressions were employed to assess each lipid with polyp type. All models were adjusted for age and smoking, and p‐values were adjusted for false discovery. The serum proteome explained approximately 14% of the variation in polyp type. Of the >2000 lipids in the plasma phospholipidome, none were individually associated with polyp type after false discovery correction. However, the entire plasma phospholipidome accounted for over 20% of the variation in polyp type, which indicates a general change of the lipid profile in different polyp types, rather than a specific change in levels of a specific lipid. In plasma oxylipid single marker regressions, arachidonic acid‐derived oxylipids were significantly elevated in those with polyps. Entire oxylipid profiles only accounted for a marginal (< 9%) amount of variation associated with polyps. When integrating the multi‐omic profiles, there was similar variation explained by the plasma phospholipidome whether adding the serum proteome or plasma oxylipids to the model. Integrating the three ‐omic data sets revealed a decreased amount of variation that each ‐omic profile could explain for polyp type, compared to integrating only 2 of ‐omic data sets. This suggests that changes in biological markers across ‐omics may be correlated. In conclusion, the entire plasma phospholipidome accounted for the largest proportion of variation associated with polyp type, compared to our serum protein and plasma oxylipid profiles. Future studies should investigate the predictive ability of the phospholipidome in larger more diverse populations, and determine if integrating the lipidome with other ‐omic data (i.e., genome, methylome, or gene expression) improves the variation explained with polyp type.

Support or Funding Information

USDA NIFA 201‐67011‐25205
Bioelectrical Impedance Utilization and Dietary Intake Relation in the Analysis of Risk of Lymphedema in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Han Yujin , Park Hyungseok , Lim Sungmook , Lee Seungmin
Published: November 2023

Breast cancer survivors are at risk of complications of breast cancer‐related lymphedema (BCRL) after surgery, which may negatively impact the quality of life of breast cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to investigate bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) values from the BIA and the relationship between the occurrence of BCRL and dietary factors. All subjects had a unilateral breast cancer (n =227, 53.16 ± 9.71yr) and underwent surgery at least six month ago. 147 patients had axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and 80 received sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). BCRL was evaluated based on values from the circumference measurement which was taken at 15cm below the acromion process and 15cm below the olecranon in both arms. BIA, food frequency questionnaire, type of surgery, total number of dissected lymph nodes, and post‐operative treatment were collected. There were approximately 10.7% of breast cancer‐associated lymphedema among the breast cancer survivors. 22 were patients with BCRL and 205 were not (Non‐BCRL). Compared to the Non‐BCRL, the BCRL had higher body mass index (BMI, 25.73 ± 3.59 kg/m2 and 23.70 ± 4.12 kg/m2, p = 0.028), the percent of ideal body weight (PIBW, 121.73 ± 17.34 and 112.21 ± 19.67, p = 0.030), the number of dissected lymph nodes (15.68 ± 9.21 and 7.72 ± 7.01, p = 0.000) and single frequency BIA (SFBIA) ratio (1.145 ± 0.234 and 0.998 ± 0.032, p=0.000). In addition, dietary intake of animal fat and protein intake was found to be greater in the BCRL compared to the Non‐BCRL (p=0.000, p=0.002). Univariate analysis and linear regression analysis demonstrated that BMI, PIBW, the number of dissected lymph nodes, SFBIA ratio and dietary animal fat intake were significant contributors to the occurrence of BCRL. In addition, SFBIA ratio showed 59.09% of sensitivity and 99.09% of specificity to estimate BCRL. In conclusion, our data provide strong evidence to support that obesity‐associated anthropometric and dietary factors are risk factors for the occurrence of BCRL and the use of SFBIA ratio as an alternative method to monitor and/or diagnose BCRL.
TENDER COCONUT WATER INHIBITS THE GROWTH OF HUMAN LIVER CANCER CELL LINE HepG2
Authors: Lakshmanan Jaganathan , Zhang Baochun , Jaganathan Vaitheesh , Motameni Amirreza , Harbrecht Brian G
Published: November 2023

Tender Coconut Water (TCW), the liquid endosperm of young coconut fruit is not only rich in nutrients but also has bioactive phytohormones such as zeatin, kinetin and their derivatives. Naturally occurring phytohoromes have antiproliferative properties and are effective in inhibiting growth of selected cancer cell lines. According to the Center for disease Control and Prevention, in the United States of America about 21,000 men and 8,000 women are diagnosed with liver cancer every year, and approximately 12,000 men and 8,000 women die of the disease each year. Furthermore, the percentage of Americans diagnosed with liver cancer is on the rise. We evaluated the ability of TCW to prevent the growth and viability of human liver cancer cells, using HepG2 cell line as the model system. HepG2 cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of TCW in MEM media (V/V) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum for 3–5 days and assessed for cell viability and proliferation. TCW decreased HepG2 cell viability as demonstrated by the MTT assay. In the presence of TCW, the proliferation of the HepG2 cells was significantly decreased as measured by BrdU incorporation assay. We also show that the anchorage‐independent growth ability of HepG2 cells was severely impaired in the presence of TCW as measured by soft‐agar colony forming assay. TCW decreased the tumorigenicity of HepG2 liver cancer cell line. Our results suggest that TCW may have anti‐tumor effects in the treatment of human liver cancer.
Retrospective Analysis on the Effect of Vitamin D Intake and Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density in Pediatric Leukemia Patients who underwent Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Lesser Mary N. R. , Nguyen Leyna , Fung Ellen B.
Published: November 2023

Children treated for leukemia with bone marrow transplant (BMT) are exposed to multiple risk factors that have been shown to have direct or secondary effects on vitamin D serum levels and subsequently, bone mineral density (BMD). Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency has been associated with low bone mass and increased fracture rates in both adult and pediatric BMT recipients. The influence that dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake has on reducing BMD deficits in this specific patient population remains unclear. Our group retrospectively analyzed electronic medical record (EMR) and hard copy data from a population of leukemia survivors who underwent BMT at the UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, over the span of three years post transplantation. Vitamin D intake and serum levels in addition to other dietary, medication, and clinical factors that may have impacted long‐term bone health in this population were analyzed. Preliminary results show that prior to transplantation mean total vitamin D intake did not meet the DRI of 15 mcg/day (12.3 ± 3.2) but was satisfied post BMT, largely due to supplement intake. The total intake of vitamin D greatly increased over time but this observation was not found to be significant (p=0.077). Mean serum vitamin D levels also increased over time, although this was not found to be significant (p=0.187). Spine BMD, Z‐scores and whole body BMD Z‐scores did not significantly change over time, however, whole body BMD did significantly increase over time (p=0.039). Spine BMD was found to have a moderate negative correlation with supplemental vitamin D intake (−0.576 / p=0.0017) at all time points. Spine BMD Z‐scores were found to have a moderate negative correlation with dietary vitamin D intake (−0.477 / p=0.012) at all time points. Whole body BMD Z‐scores were found to have a moderate negative correlation with total vitamin D (diet and supplement) intake (−0.381 / p=0.042) at all time points. Our preliminary analyses investigated single variables over time and suggest that changes in BMD may be attributed to multiple factors such as varied dietary intakes, extent of supplementation, and patient baseline characteristics. More in depth statistical modeling to investigate possible interactions between identified dietary, medication, and clinical variables that can impact BMD will provide a more accurate representation of potential causes and possible solutions in addressing the bone health of this at risk pediatric patient population.
Sex and Race/Ethnic Disparities in Food Security and Chronic Diseases in U.S. Older Adults
Authors: Huffman Fatma G. , Vaccaro Joan A. , Zarini Gustavo G.
Published: November 2023

Background

Food insecurity is rising in older adults in the United States (U.S.) and disproportionately among Blacks and Hispanics. Food quality is diminished for persons with food insecurity and this may compromise health and be associated with chronic disease, particularly in vulnerable populations such as older adults.

Objective

To determine the relationships among sex, race/ethnicity and food security with the likelihood of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and lung disease for a U.S. representative sample of older adults.

Methods

This study extracted data and appended 2 cycles from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 that are available for public use. The sample for this study consisted of N = 3871, adults ages ≥ 55 years from five racial/ethnic groups with measures for waist circumference from the Mobile Examination Center (MEC). Specifically, the racial/ethnic categories had 373 Mexican Americans (MA), 398 Other Hispanics (OH), 958 non‐Hispanic Blacks (NHB), 423 non‐Hispanic Asians (NHA), and 1719 non‐Hispanic Whites (NHW). Cross‐tabulations for percent, 95% CI were performed for food security level by race/ethnicity using SPSS version 23 with the complex sample module, applying the MEC sample weight.

Results

Food security differed by race/ethnicity (p<.001) with approximately 25% of MA and OH having low‐food security as compared to 17% NHB, 7% NHA, and 6% NHW. Low‐food security was associated with lower self‐rated health, less education, and fewer persons with health insurance. Persons with food security had the highest percent of cancer, 22.1 (20.0, 24.3) as compared to those with the lowest food security, 10.4 (7.2, 14.7). A higher percent of persons with low‐food security, 25.2 (20.0, 30.9) had diabetes as compared to those who were food‐secure, 16.8 (15.0, 18.6). Compared to adults who were food‐secure, adults with lower food security was associated with a higher percent of cardiovascular disease [23.7 (18.9, 29.2) vs. 14.6 (13.1, 16.3)], lung disease, [28.9 (23.3, 35.3) vs. 19.2 (16.6, 22.2)], high blood pressure [67.2 (61.7, 72.3) vs 54.0 (51.0, 57.1)] and several obesity indicators.

Conclusion

The results of this study have numerous implications for gerontologists since food insecurity was high in older adults and particularly Hispanics. In conclusion, the results of this study have demonstrated the exacerbation of chronic diseases with low‐food insecurity.
The Mediterranean Diet as a Sustainable and Healthy Diet for Food Security
Authors: Hwalla Nahla , El Labban Sibelle , Bahn Rachel
Published: November 2023

Background and objective

The global development agenda for 2016–2030 has identified 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), of which four are related to and can be addressed by sustainable food consumption and sustainable diets. Countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region need to address the SDGs, to which they have committed through formal voting at the UN General Assembly, by shifting towards more sustainable food consumption and production patterns. Hence, adopting sustainable diets should aim to promote simultaneously food security as well health and well‐being of populations, while being protective of the environment and preserving of its resources.

Results

A strong association has been found between high consumption of harmful food components (processed meat, red meat, trans fatty acids, sugar‐sweetened beverages, and sodium), low consumption of protective foods, and increased risk of deaths from cardiometabolic diseases across all MENA countries. These protective foods share many characteristics with the Mediterranean Diet (MD) (fruits, vegetables and beans, nuts and seeds, whole grains, and seafood omega‐3 fatty acid). Substantial evidence from prospective studies and meta‐analyses has consistently pointed to the protective effect of MD against several non‐communicable diseases. In particular, the traditional Lebanese diet has been analyzed in terms of its resemblance to the MD and its protective effect against chronic diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes (OR: 0.46, CI: 0.22–0.97). Adherence to the Lebanese MD was associated with a 57% lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Lebanese urban adults.

Conclusions

Food‐based dietary guidelines (FBDGs), traditionally developed and used as a tool to direct healthy eating, should incorporate environmental sustainability. Countries of the Mediterranean basin are encouraged to provide their populations with FBDGs that preserve their Mediterranean heritage and satisfy both components of health and sustainability within the context of MDs. Developing national sustainable FBDGs based on the traditional MD would constitute an important step towards sustainable food consumption and delivering to the promise made to the international community on SDGs.
Food Insecurity and coping strategies among Senior citizens in Lubbock, Texas.
Authors: Abu Brenda Ariba Zarhari , Oldewage‐Theron Wilna
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study measured food insecurity among seniors (≥50 years) in the Lubbock area and self‐reported coping strategies used during periods of food insecurity in Lubbock, Texas.

Methods

This was a cross sectional study conducted in seven senior service providers (4 senior centers, one senior live in community, one volunteer group and meals on wheels participants). The demography (education, ethnicity and income), food insecurity (validated household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS)) and the reported coping strategies for food sufficiency were assessed using open ended questions administered during a face‐to‐face interview in the centers/households.

Results

Among the seniors (N=186 seniors), 82 (44.1%) were males and the rest were females. About a third (62 (33.3%) were married, 63(33.9%) were widowed/widowed and the rest were either divorced, single or living with a partner. About a quarter (24.2%) were Hispanic/latino, 22.6% were black/African Americans, 49.5% were non‐Hispanic white and the rest were Asian/Alaskan white. Only 57 (30.6%) had college education and more. According to the HFIAS 20 (10.8 %) reported severe food insecurity. Some (42 (22.6%) reported their participation in the SNAP program, 30(16.1%) participate in the food bank program and 15 (8.1%) of them participate in both programs. Majority 149 (79.0%) mainly depended on their social security funds while the rest depended on part time jobs (1.9%), full time jobs (1.9%) or on bonds or loans. A quarter 47 (25.3%) of the participants knew other seniors who had food insecurity issues.

Conclusion

Senior years are characterized by reduced income due to retirement. A tenth of seniors experienced very severe food insecurity. Reported coping strategies included the participation in the SNAP or South plains food bank program.

Support or Funding Information

This work was supported with Prof. Oldewage‐Theron's Start‐up grants
Quality‐of‐Life, Risk for Malnutrition, and Polypharmacy Among Persons on Haemodialysis in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Prout Patrice , Nichols Selby
Published: November 2023

Objective

Locally, the number of person on dialysis has increased significantly in the last ten (10) years. This has been driven largely by the high rates of hypertension and diabetes which account for over 50% of all annual health visits to health facilities locally. In this study, we evaluated the quality‐of‐life and risk of malnutrition among person on dialysis.

Methods

A case‐control design was used in this study. Cases consisted of persons currently on haemodialysis. Controls consisted of clients attending the same clinics that have been diagnosed and are being treated for hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted using a standardized questionnaire consisting of a food frequency questions, quality‐of‐life, physical activity and socio‐demographic items. Responses from the quality‐of‐life instrument (SF 12) was used to generate physical component scores (PCS) and mental component scores (MCS). Risk of malnutrition was evaluated using the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment (MNA) instrument. Persons taking more five or more medications were categorised as exhibiting polypharmacy. Anthropometry was assessed using recommended procedures. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee, the University of the West Indies.

Results

Three Hundred and Ninety persons (cases = 130, controls DM =130, HTN=130) participated in the study. There were no significant differences in the ages and BMI by gender between cases and controls. When compared to persons with hypertension and diabetes, participants on dialysis had significantly lower quality‐of‐life scores (pcs = 31.1 ± 6.0 vs. 39.6 ± 8.5; p<0.001); (MSC = 43.5± 6.0 vs. 55.7 ± 7.6; p < 0.001) and nutritional risk scores (11.5 ± 2.1 vs. 9.1 ± 2.7; p < 0.05) independent of sex. In addition, persons on dialysis were significantly more likely to be at increased risk for malnutrition odds ratio (OR) = 6.5 (95% confidence Intervals (CI): 3.9; 11.1 p < 0.001) and quality‐of‐life PCS (OR) = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.5, 1.7): MSC (OR) = 18.9, 95%CI: 10.8, 32.4). MSC scores were significantly inversely correlated with the number of medications being used by persons not on haemodialysis (r = −0.23; p<001) while PCS scores were significantly inversely associated with number of medications used by persons on haemodialysis

Conclusion

Person on haemodialysis had a poorer quality‐of‐life, higher risk for malnutrition and polypharmacy compared to participants who had hypertension and diabetes mellitus. In addition, the number of medications used was a significant predictor of quality‐of‐life components.

Support or Funding Information

None
Dogs And Cats Differ In Metabolomics When Allowed To Freely Choose Macronutrient Intake
Authors: Jewell Dennis E , Vondran Jodi C , Vanchina Melissa A , Jackson Matthew E , Hall Jean A
Published: November 2023

Food intake is well known to change circulating metabolites which in turn makes a comparison between the metabolomes of dogs and cats confounded with their offered foods. This study investigated the differences between the metabolomes of dogs and cats when they were given the opportunity to choose their own macronutrient intake. All study protocols were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, USA. Four experimental foods with similar palatability but varying in macronutrient content were prepared for dogs, and four more for cats. Foods were varied such that by choosing a combination of the available foods, each of the dogs and cats could individually set their macronutrient intake. Therefore, this design allowed a comparison of the species differences that exist for macronutrient intake of choice rather than simply the macronutrient intake dictated by the offered food. Metabolite analysis was completed by Metabolon (Durham, NC). Statistical analysis of the metabolomics data was completed by SAS (version 9.4). Individual metabolite significance was established when p<0.05 and q<0.1. There was clear separation of species from metabolites of amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. Regarding amino acids, cats had higher levels of both oxidized and reduced glutathione. Cats also had lower methionine and higher histidine concentrations when compared with dogs. All other essential amino acids had a species difference less than 15%. Regarding carbohydrates, cats had higher circulating lactate with no difference in pyruvate concentration. Cats also had higher threitol and arabitol. Cats had higher concentrations of EPA and DHA, whereas dogs had higher linoleate and linolenate. Cats had higher carnitine while dogs were higher in deoxycarnitine. In conclusion, metabolomic analysis revealed differences between dogs and cats, and these differences reflected the different metabolic set points within each species.

Support or Funding Information

The work presented in this study was funded by and performed at the Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS
Sex‐Specific Differences in the Development of Diet‐Induced Obesity in a Zebrafish Model
Authors: Fowler Lauren Adele , Dennis Lacey , Dawson John A , Barry Robert Jeff , Davis James Lee , Powell Mickie , Yuan Yuan , Williams Michael , Watts Stephen
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the NIH has emphasized the importance of examining sexual dimorphisms relating to the development of diet induced obesity and its associated diseases. This includes the evaluation of sex‐specific responses to dietary manipulation and the rates of fat deposition and fat mobilization between males and females. A better understanding of the processes mediating these differences could lead to improved treatment and prevention strategies for obesity. In this study, we utilized the zebrafish Danio rerio as a model to evaluate sex‐specific differences in response to dietary lipid composition, as well as compare rates of fat accumulation relative to body mass between male and female zebrafish. Experimental diets were prepared by varying the ratios of n‐6:n‐3 fatty acids (1.2:1, 4:1, and 8.5:1) within three levels of total fat (9, 12, and 15%), resulting in a total of nine treatments. Newly hatched larvae were fed live feeds up until 21 days post fertilization, and then fed experimental diets ad libitum for 16 weeks (during the period of rapid juvenile growth and reproductive maturity) (n=14 fish per tank and 16 tanks per treatment). At the termination of the 16‐week feeding period, each treatment was evaluated based on body weight gain and body composition. Body composition (total body lipid, body triglyceride (TAG), and fat free mass) was measured by chemical carcass analysis. Segmented linear regression was used to determine sex‐specific fat mass thresholds where the slope of fat mass (total body lipid) begins to rapidly increase relative to body mass. A significant interaction by sex was observed in the response to dietary fat; total body lipid was significantly influenced by the n‐6/:n‐3 fatty acid ratio in males (p=0.01), while in females, it was affected by total dietary fat (p=0.009). Interactions by sex were also observed in the relationships between total body mass with total body lipid (p=0.01) and TAG (p=0.03). Additionally, females had a higher fat mass threshold than males for both total body lipid and TAG. Variations in the relationship between total body mass and fat mass indicate that male and female zebrafish may develop obesity at different rates. The sex‐specific fat mass thresholds and responses to dietary lipid identified in this study indicate sexual dimorphisms in nutrient partitioning and utilization; these differences may explain, in part, disparities between males and females in the development of obesity and its co‐morbidities.

Support or Funding Information

This research was funded in part by UAB NORC Grant P30DK056336.
The effects of a high‐ and low‐daidzein diet on liver steatosis and serum adipokines in female obese Zucker rats
Authors: Bell Andrea , Korourian Soheila , Zeng Huawei , Phelps Joshua , Crook Tina , Gurley Bill , Feresin Rafaela , Hakkak Reza
Published: November 2023

Rates of obesity worldwide are increasing. Obesity is associated with adipokine dysregulation and insulin resistance, which are factors that increase the risk of developing chronic diseases. As such, the risk for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) markedly increases in the presence of obesity. The ratio of serum adipokines, leptin/adiponectin (L/A), is associated with the severity of, and risk factors for, NAFLD in a limited number of human studies. We previously reported that a high‐isoflavone soy protein isolate (HISPI) diet compared to a casein diet was associated with significantly reduced liver steatosis in obese Zucker rats (OZR). This study's objective was to investigate whether daidzein, a soy isoflavone in HISPI, is responsible for reduced liver steatosis in OZR, and whether serum adipokine levels are associated with NAFLD severity in OZR. We hypothesized a casein diet containing high‐daidzein (HD) compared to low‐daidzein (LD) would mitigate hepatic steatosis in female OZR and affect serum adipokine levels. After one week of acclimation on an AIN‐93G diet, 19 five‐week‐old, female OZR (fa/fa) were randomly assigned to a modified AIN‐93G diet containing either HD (0.121g/kg feed) or LD (0.01g/kg feed) ad libitum for 8 weeks. Rats were weighed twice per week. At the end of the experiment, serum and livers were collected. Two 3‐mm sections of liver lobe were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and evaluated for micro‐ and macrovesicular steatosis. Steatosis was semiquantitated as a score of 1 to 4 based upon the relative degree of steatosis within hepatocytes: 1) <25%, 2) 25–50%, 3) 50–75%, and 4) >75%. Serum leptin and adiponectin were measured by ELISA. Our results showed that mean body weights between groups were not significantly different (HD 475.8±24.2g vs. LD 486.4±30.4g; p=0.4). Mean liver steatosis scores for HD and LD groups were 3.9 and 3.8 respectively—this difference was not significant (p=0.7). Furthermore, serum leptin levels (HD 142.6±21.9ng/mL vs. LD 133.7±24.6ng/mL; p=0.4) and serum adiponectin levels (HD 6462.7±1050ng/mL vs. LD 6599.8±995ng/mL; p=0.7) were not significantly different between diet groups. Because liver steatosis was similar between HD and LD groups, no association could be drawn between the L/A ratio and severity of NAFLD. In conclusion, daidzein may not be the main component of HISPI responsible for reducing liver steatosis in OZR, but more research is needed to determine whether the significant reduction of steatosis associated with consumption of HISPI is also associated with serum leptin and adiponectin levels in OZR.

Support or Funding Information

The College of Medicine's University Medical Group to RH and Arkansas Children's Hospital Intramural Student and Staff Research Grant to AB.
Inhibitory Effects of Nobiletin on Colitis were Associated with Altered Gut Microbiota
Authors: Gu Min , Cai Xiaokun , Song Mingyue , Li Zhengze , Li Fang , Goulette Timothy , Xiao Hang
Published: November 2023

Understanding how dietary compounds such as nobiletin alter the colonic environment is critical in studying their roles in modulating gut health and gut associated diseases. In this study, we determined the effects of dietary nobiletin treatment on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis as well as the composition of gut microbiota in mice. The results revealed that nobiletin treatment significantly decreased the severity of colonic inflammation in DSS‐treated mice, evidenced by the reduced production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (i.e., GM‐CSF, INF‐γ, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, KC/GRO, and TNF‐α) in the colonic mucosa, increased colon length, and decreased disease activity index and histologic score of inflammation (p<0.05) by the nobiletin treatment. Results from next generation sequencing of the fecal microbiota showed that DSS treatment significantly altered the microbial structure of fecal microbiota in mice, and dietary nobiletin treatment tend to reverse these alterations. It was also demonstrated that DSS treatment decreased the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus compared to the negative control (healthy) mice. Nobiletin treatment partially reversed the DSS‐induced decrease in these two genera in DSS treated mice. It is noteworthy that nobiletin had no effect on Bifidobacterium, but increased the abundance of Lactobacillus in the healthy mice (non‐DSS treated). DSS treatment significantly increased the abundance of Sutterella and Bilophila, while nobiletin effectively reversed DSS‐induced increases in these two genera. Overall, our results for the first time suggested that modification of gut microbiota by dietary nobiletin might contribute to its inhibitory effects against the development of colitis in mice.
Dietary compound chrysin suppressed glomerulosclerosis in high glucose‐exposed renal mesangial cells and diabetic mice
Authors: Lee Eun‐Jung , Kang Min‐Kyung , Kang Young‐Hee
Published: November 2023

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major diabetic complications and the leading cause of end‐stage renal diseases, which is characterized by glomerular hypertrophy and basement membrane thickening, and mesangial expansion due to matrix protein deposition in kidneys. The present study investigated the effects of chrysin (5,7‐dihydroxyflavone) present in bee propolis and herbs, on glomerulosclerosis in high glucose‐exposed renal mesangial cells and db/db mice. The in vitro study employed human mesangial cells exposed to 5.5 mM glucose, 27.5 mM mannitol (as an osmotic control), or 33 mM glucose for 72 h in the absence and presence of chrysin nontoxic at 1–20 μM. Chrysin suppressed the induction of collagen I, collagen IV, α‐smooth muscle actin and fibroblast‐specific protein‐1 by high glucose. The in vivo study explored the demoting effects of 10 mg/kg chrysin on glomerular fibrosis in a type 2 diabetic model. Oral supplementation of chrysin inhibited the collagen accumulation in renal tissues of db/db mice, evidenced by PAS staining and masson trichrome staining. These results demonstrate that chrysin attenuated the acquisition of myofibroblast phenotype of high glucose‐exposed mesangial cells and the glomerular accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in diabetic kidneys. Therefore, chrysin may be a potential renoprotective agent targeting diabetes‐associated glomerulosclerosis and nephropathy.
Oleuropein ameliorates airway inflammation and emphysema in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model
Authors: Kim Yun‐Ho , Choi Yean‐Jung , Kang Young‐Hee
Published: November 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis are progressive lung diseases characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction and chronic inflammation of the airways, lung tissue and pulmonary blood vessels as a result of exposure to inhaled irritants. The current study investigated that oleuropein, a phenylethanoid found in olive leaves, inhibited eosinophilic airway inflammation evident in COPD in interleukin (IL)‐4‐exposed airway epithelial BEAS‐2B cells and ovalbumin (OVA)‐sensitized mice. Nontoxic oleuropein at 1–20 μM attenuated the induction of eosinophil chemotactic protein eotaxin‐1 and its receptor CCR3 in 50 ng/ml IL‐4 stimulated epithelial cells. The in vivo study explored the demoting effects of oleuropein on allergic inflammation in cigarette smoke/OVA‐exposed BALB/c mice. Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 30 min in a smoke chamber. It has been reported that IL‐4 production increased in smoke‐induced COPD and emphysema. Oral supplementation of 20 mg/kg oleuropein reduced the number of eosinophils and neutrophils elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of cigarette smoke/OVA‐exposed mice. Oral administration of oleuropein suppressed the induction of CD11b(+) and F4/80(+) with congruent small airway destruction in cigarette smoke/OVA‐exposed mice airways and lungs. These results demonstrated that oleuropein inhibited eosinophilia and inexorable emphysema associated with allergic cellular inflammation by cigarette smoke/OVA irritants. Therefore, oleuropein may be a potential agent targeting against chronic inflammation and emphysema in COPD.
Bioactive compounds of the Ubá mango juice decrease inflammation and hepatic steatosis in obese Wistar rats
Authors: Martino Hercia Stampini Duarte , Natal Dorina , Moreira Maria Eliza C , dos Santos Marcelo H
Published: November 2023

Obesity is a serious epidemic pathology whose dangerous visceral fat accumulation initiates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This study evaluated the effect of the bioactive compounds of the control and peel extract enriched Ubá mango juices on hepatic steatosis associated with inflammation in obese Wistar rats. The biometry, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), adiponectin and resistin, as well as histomorphology of the hepatic tissue were determined in four experimental groups: normal control (AIN‐93M), obese control (HFD), a group with obese rats plus control Ubá mango juice (MHFD) and other with antioxidant enriched Ubá mango juice (HMHFD). Juices were good sources of the β‐carotene, presented high concentration of mangiferin and contributed to decrease the liver weight in animals. Total antioxidant capacity was higher in a group fed with control Ubá mango juice and resistin concentration reduced in both test groups intake Ubá mango juices became similar to normal control. In addition, the percentages of fat vesicles and inflammatory infiltrate in the liver was higher to the animals that intake HFD, and both juices reduced these parameters. In conclusion, the control and enriched Ubá mango juices presented high content 408 of vitamins and mangiferin, with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which 409 improved biometric measures, cytokines concentration and was beneficial for obese 410 Wistar rats with adiposity and inflammation in the liver. Therefore, the Ubá mango has 411 potential as a functional food, indicating potential to prevent and combat metabolic risk 412 of obesity, hepatic steatosis and other comorbidities.

Support or Funding Information

The authors would like to thank the Brazilian funding agencies “Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the financial support with the research, conferences and fellowships in Productivity in Research, Pos‐Doctor's, Masters and scientific innovation.
Moringa leaf powder attenuates hepatic steatosis and decrease inflammation by altering the expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis
Authors: Almatrafi Manal M , Vergara‐Jimenez Marcela M , Murillo Gabriela Gabriela , Norris Gregory H , Blesso Christopher N , Fernandez Maria Luz M
Published: November 2023

Moringa leaves (ML) are contain numerous phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid. Chlorogenic acid from other dietary sources has been recognized as an important modulator of metabolic pathways related to lipid synthesis, lipoprotein uptake and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether ML would lower hepatic lipid accumulation in the cholesterol‐fed guinea pig, a model of hepatic steatosis. For this purpose, 24 guinea pigs (n = 8/group) were allocated to 3 different diets: control diet (0% ML), or diets containing either Low Moringa (10% ML) or High Moringa (15% ML), corresponding to a daily intake of 0, 3 or 4.5 g ML/d. All diets contained 0.25% cholesterol. After 6 weeks, guinea pigs were sacrificed and liver tissue was harvested and frozen for further analysis. Hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides, hepatic inflammatory markers, liver histology and gene expression of major regulators of hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis were measured. Hepatic lipids (total and esterified cholesterol and triglycerides) were lower in a dose‐dependent manner in guinea pigs fed the ML, with 15% ML by having significantly lower concentrations than 0% ML (P < 0.01). Hepatic free cholesterol was lower in both Moringa groups compared to 0% ML (P < 0.05). The inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β and interferon gamma (IFNγ) were 27% and 21% lower, respectively, in 15% ML compared to 0% ML (P < 0.05); the concentrations for these cytokines were intermediate for 10% ML and not significantly different from 0% ML or 15% ML. Histology evaluation by H& E stain indicated low hepatic lipid accumulation in 15% ML, intermediate in 10% ML and high in 0% ML, in agreement with hepatic lipids and inflammatory makers. Guinea pigs fed the ML had lower mRNA expression of cluster differentiation (CD)‐68 and of sterol‐regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)1‐c, while diglyceride acyltransferase‐2 (DGAT2) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ) were dose‐dependently lowered with ML (P < 0.01). These studies suggest that ML, possibly via chlorogenic acid, regulates genes involved in lipid synthesis resulting in lower concentrations of hepatic lipids. The lower lipids in liver due to ML intake were associated with lower inflammation and decreased hepatic steatosis.

Support or Funding Information

Taif University, Saudi Arabia