bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoelectric Characteristics of ZnO Nanowires Grown on AZO Thin Film
Authors: Yang Su Hua , Hsh Yi Ming , Wang Li Hsiang , Chang Ming Yu , Hsueh Ting Jen
Published: March 2013

The vapor transport method was used to grow ZnO nanowires on ZnO:Al (AZO) deposited silicon substrate. The optimal characteristic of ZnO nanowires was grown at 1100°C for 70 min, together with a ZnO/graphite weight ratio of 1:1 and N2/O2 flow ratio of 7:6. ZnO nanowires had a single crystalline structure and grew with a prefer direction in the (002) plane. Photoluminescence measurement showed that UV and visible green emission bands were observed. The turn-on electric field of ZnO nanowires was 0.11 V/μm and the maximum field emission current density was 1.8 mA/cm2. A high field enhancement factor of 1782 was evaluated.
Comparative Evaluation of Different Methods for Preparation of SiO2/Epoxy Nanocomposite
Authors: Liu Dan , He Gao Hong , Zeng Xin An
Published: March 2013

A comparative evaluation of three different methods for fabrication of SiO2/epoxy nanocomposite was investigated. The methods evaluated in this study were mechanical blending, traditional sol-gel approach and novel microemulsion polymerization. The nanocomposites were characterized by tensile tests and SEM studies. It was found that microemulsion polymerization is a more satisfying method for generation of epoxy-based nanocomposites.
Using Modified Creep and Recovery Tests to Evaluate the Foam-Based Warm Mix Asphalt Contained Nano Hydrated Lime
Authors: Diab Aboelkasim , You Zhan Ping , Wang Hai Nian
Published: March 2013

Two Nano Hydrated Lime (NHL) materials with particle sizes of 50 nm and 100 nm were used in this study to investigate to the effect of NHL modification on the creep and recovery of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) binders foamed using Advera® with respective to rutting. The NHL was added to the asphalt binder at ratios of 20%, 10%, and 5% by weight of the asphalt binder. The creep and recovery tests were performed at three different stress levels, 3Pa (creep for 100 sec. and 600 sec. recovery), 10Pa (creep for 20 sec. and 600 sec. recovery), and 50Pa (creep for 1 sec and 300 sec. recovery). The tests were performed at a temperature of 58oC. The results were also compared with the Regular Hydrated Lime (RHL) results. The overall results reveal that the neat asphalt binders foamed using advera® showed larger permanent deformation (rutting) potential compared to the binder modified with RHL and NHL foamed using Advera®. As the NHL dose increases, the non-recoverable compliance decreases (rutting decreases). It was also concluded that the application of the RHL with the normal dose (20% by weight of binder) can be replaced by adding 5% (by weight of binder) of 50 nm NHL with respective to rutting.
The Study of Surface Modification and Biocompatibility of Porous Titanium
Authors: Li Ruo Lin , Kou Hong Chao , Xu Guang Sheng , Lu Ting Li , Li Jin Shan
Published: March 2013

A hydroxyapatite coating on the porous titanium surface was prepared by NaOH-treated and heat treatment followed by immersing into a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution. It is found that the porous titanium was in an open-cell microstructure. The morphology, element content and phase composition of the hydroxyapatite coating were also analyzed. The cytotoxicity of porous titanium surface were tested. The results showed the hydroxyapatite of porous titanium surface by NaOH-treated and heat treatment was attached uniformly and had a certain thickness after immersion into the simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 5 days, the hydroxyapatite coating was formed after immersion into the SBF solution for 12 days, it demonstrated good biocompatibility and enhancement of biological activity, it was conducive to the proliferation and adhesion of osteoblasts.
Codepositon of Dopamine/Calcium on Titanium to Enhancing Implant Integration
Authors: Zhang Xin Ming , Li Zhao Yang , Yuan Xu Bo , Cui Zhen Duo , Yang Xian Jin , Bao Hui Jing , Li Xue , Liu Yun De
Published: March 2013

Calcium plays an important role in various stages of bone repair. Surface calcium modification is a common method to improve the biocompatibility of titanium implant. In this work, anovel facile codeposition dopamine/calcium on titanium alloy method for orthopedics applications was developed. SEM-EDS results showed calcium microspheres uniformly deposited on titanium surface with dopamine. Water contact angle showed the dopamine/calcium modification layer improved the bare titanium surface hydrophobic property. And the dopamine/calcium coating enhanced the cell proliferation by MTT test. The ALP gene expression also showed the dopamine/calcium coating may enhance the cell early differentiation. Such facile method has great potential in titanium applications.
Cloning and Expression of Exo-β-1,4-Cellobiohydrolase Gene from Bacillus pumilus
Authors: Yan Meng Jiao , Wei Song , Dai Ya Li , Yuan Lin
Published: March 2013

The exo-β-1,4-cellobiohydrolase gene(cex) of Bacillus pumilus AC-6 was cloned. The cex gene from AC-6 is 2100bp, and encodes 700 amino acids. The cex gene has 94% similarities to the exo-β-1,4-cellobiohydrolase gene sequence from other Bacillus strains. The cex gene was linked with the vector pGEX-4T-1, and transferred into the competent E. coli BL21 for expression. The result of protein electrophoresis showed that the protein has expressed, whose molecular weight was about 104kDa. Measured the enzyme activity of the expression protein of the recombinant strains was 5.40U/mL, which is 1.20 times as the original strains.
Micro-Lithographic Fabrication of Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Scaffolds
Authors: Hsieh Ming Fa , Sheu Chia Lin , Yang Hsi Wen
Published: March 2013

The regeneration of human diseased parts is based on substantial cell number to support physiological functions of diseased tissues/organs. To this end, the scaffolds for cellular proliferation should be structurally similar to normal tissues. This study aimed to fabricate biomimetic structures of naturally-occurring polymer. We utilized micro-lithography to produce three-dimensional scaffold of the composite of collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) which is further used to evaluate the cellular attachment and proliferation. Collagen from porcine skin was characterized by SDS-PAGE that three species having molecular weights of 120, 130 and 250 kDa were assigned as 2, 1 and  chains of type I collagen. HA was purified by diafiltration and characterized by carbzaole method. The purity of HA was increased from 41.6 g/mL to 71.9 g/mL. To endow photo-cross linker to HA, a graft reaction, catalyzed by triethyl amine was carried out that glycidyl methacrylate (GM) was conjugated to side group of HA. Chemical shifts of 5.7 and 6.1 ppm of 1H NMR spectrum indicated that GMHA was synthesized. To develop 3D scaffolds, we formulated a weight ratio of 10:3 for GMHA and collagen as precursor of micro-lithography. Photo masks of curved, fine lines and rectangular patterns were utilized. For finest lines (100 m) in the pattern, it took 9 minutes to fully crosslink the formulation with UV light, whereas curved lines of 2 to 5 mm could be cross linked in 2 minutes. The scaffolds were found to have pores of 10- 100 m observed under scanning electron microscope. This study completed the scaffold fabrication of naturally-occurring polymers and confirmed the optimized conditions of micro-lithography. The 3D scaffolds having linear and curved lines and rectangular patterns will be used to evaluate the cellular attachment and migration of various mammalian cells.
Preparation and Properties of Keratin/CMC Blend Membranes
Authors: Ke Tian Yu , Li Dong Xia , Yang Xu Hong
Published: March 2013

In this work, the wool keratin solution was obtained by a reduction method, and mixed with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in order to prepare blend membranes. The structures and mechanical properties of the blend membranes with different keratin/CMC ratios were investigated. It was found the addition of CMC with good molding ability improved the smoothness and enhanced mechanical properties of membranes. The results of instrument analyses showed that the crystallinity, thermal stability and hydration performance of blend membranes were between those of pure keratin and CMC membranes. CMC exhibited good ability to improve the film-forming of keratin membrane.
Bioinformatics Analysis of the Complete Nucleotide Sequence of UL17 Gene from Duck Enteritis Virus
Authors: Wen Ting , Cheng An Chun , Wang Ming Shu
Published: March 2013

Duck enteritis virus (DEV) is a herpesvirus that causes an acute, contagious, and fatal disease. Our laboratory had identified and sequenced the DEV-UL17 gene, one of the conservative genes of this viral genome. It is a 2055bp segment, GenBank accession NO. 643567. Here in this article we used kinds of bioinformatics softwares and online web servers to analyze the nucleotide sequence of this gene for further research. The phylogenetic tree of the DEV-UL17 protein and its homologs of other 19 reference herpesviruses revealed that DEV had close evolutionary relationship with Meleagrid herpesvirus1, Gallid herpesvirus 2 and Gallid herpesvirus 3, the members of genus Mardivirus. In addition, multiple epitopes and potential motifs were found in DEV-UL17 protein and they may play an important role in in the function of immune system, it may greatly influence the antibodies and genetic vaccine, or in the clinical diagnosis of DEV.
Measurement of Light Attenuation in Phantom Tissue Embedded with Gold Nanoshells
Authors: Liu C.H. , Yella A. , Li B.Q. , Bandyopadhyay K.
Published: March 2013

Light attenuation in phantom tissue embedded with gold nanoshells is measured using a photospectrometer with an integrated sphere system. Gold nanoshells are synthesized and a paste is made by mixing them with agar (or phantom tissue); from which slab samples of different nanoshell concentrations and thicknesses are prepared. Light attenuation is measured as a function of light exciting frequencies, nanoshell concentrations and tissue thickness. The nanoshell particle concentrations are determined by matching the Mie solution for a single nanoshell with the measured attenuation coefficient at the local surface plasma resonance frequency. For the range of the concentrations studied, light attenuation is linearly dependent on the nanoshell concentration, and thus the rule of independent scattering/absorption is observed. The frequency of exciting light strongly affects light attenuation in a nanoshell-populated medium, with the largest attenuation occurring at the local surface plasma resonance frequency of the nanoshells, which is consistent with theoretical predictions. For the measured samples of phantom tissue populated with nanoshells, the optical thickness is about ~8 mm.
Bioinformatic Analysis and Characteristics of Glycoprotein L(gL) Encoded by UL1 Gene of Duck Plague Virus
Authors: Zuo Ling Jie , Cheng An Chun , Wang Ming Shu
Published: March 2013

Glycoprotein L(gL) is encoded by UL1 gene of duck plague virus (DPV). Through predicting and analyzing the structure and physicochemical properties of DPV gL protein by using some software and online tools to gain more information of DPV gL protein. The phylogenetic tree shows that DPV gL protein has close evolutionary relationship with the genus Simplexvirus. The online analysis of the physicochemical properties demonstrates that the protein has ten potential phosphorylation sites and five potential O-linked glycosylation sites, and without both the signal peptide and the transmembrance region. In addition, the subcellular localization of gL protein largely locates at mitochondrial with 47.8%. The secondary structure results reveal that random coil dominate among secondary structure elements followed by alpha helix, extended strand and β-turn for all sequences. All the data will help a basis for further functional and physiological features study of the DPV gL protein.
Study on Artificial Bone Scaffolds with Control Release of Drugs by Low-Temperature Rapid Prototyping Technology
Authors: Wang Ming Bo , Xiong Jian , Chu Bin , Tan Rong Wei , Huang Wei , She Zhen Ding
Published: March 2013

A kind of PLGA microspheres was prepared with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the model drug and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) as the matrix. The polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite (PLA/HA) scaffold was manufactured through 3D printing technology. Then the PLGA microspheres were composited in the scaffold. It was also explored about the feasibility of skeletal scaffolds loaded with bone growth factor. The BSA loading PLGA microspheres were prepared by W/O/W method and the scaffolds were prepared by 3D-printing using PLA and HA as raw materials. The composite scaffold was fabricated by adsorbing the microspheres/ethanol suspension into scaffolds under negative pressure. The cell-adhesion ability, hydrophilicity, scaffold morphology, release properties and biocompatibility of the composite scaffold were characterized, respectively. The results show no burst release of BSA from the PLGA microspheres at beginning stage and sustained longer than 35 days. Drug-loading rate of microspheres was 0.64%. PLA/HA scaffold shows enhanced hydrophilicity as well as excellent cell compatibility and cell adhesion property. SEM images show PLGA microspheres were successfully absorbed in PLA/HA scaffold. MTT experiments of the composite scaffold show non cytotoxic and its cell relative proliferation rate is up to 88.37%. These studies show the feasibility of skeletal scaffolds loaded with bone growth factor. Through low-temperature rapid prototyping technology, the long-effective bioactive bone scaffold can be prepared and have a well application prospect.
Measurement of Jurkat Cell Adhesion Force Using Optical Tweezers
Authors: Kuo Ju Nan , Rao Tian Lin
Published: March 2013

Cell-cell interactions through direct contact play a critical role in cellular communication and coordination. In this paper, the adhesion force between Jurkat cells in contact with one another and in contact with a PDMS surface, respectively, is measured using optical tweezers. The experimental results show that the optical tweezers have a power-normalized force of 0.015 pN/mW. It is shown that laser power of 4.0 mW and 12.0 mW are required to separate two and three mutually-attached Jurkat cells, respectively. Moreover, the separation power increases as the adhesion time between the cells increases.
Erythrocyte Rheology in a Symmetrically Constricted Microchannel
Authors: Jiang Meng Meng , Wang Tong , Xing Zhong Wen
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a fluid-cell interaction algorithm using the immersed boundary coupled fictitious domain method. We discuss the application of this method to the numerical investigation of motion and deformation of erythrocytes in two-dimensional stenotic microvessels. The erythrocytes are modeled as biconcave-shaped closed membranes filled with cytoplasm. Simulation results of multiple erythrocytes traversing the stenosis in Poiseuille flow are presented. This algorithm is applicable to a large class of problems involving fluid flow with complex geometry and fluid-cell interactions.
Ethical Virtue Criticism on Biological Genetic Engineering
Authors: Gong Li Yan , Liu Jing Wei
Published: March 2013

21st century is a century of life science and biotechnology. The modern biotechnology focusing on the genetic engineering has a rapid development, which plays a significant role in the solutions to the various coming problems of resources, environment, agriculture and medicine, etc. However, the conflict between biological engineering and ethical virtue has been an unavoidable problem, so how to strengthen the ethical virtue’s standardizing role to technique is the pressing matter of the moment. We have to have a clear understanding of the ethical virtue problems which are related to biological genetic engineering, and establish a full, scientific, tight policy as well as laws, ethical virtue requirements and mechanism to promote the development of the technology’s active role. In the 21st century, biotechnology has been a key technology that is used to solve the economic and social problems of food, resources, and environment and so on; thus, biotechnology industry has become one of the domestic pillar industries to reflect a country’s comprehensive national power. Different from any one of the previous technology breakthroughs, the objects that modern biotechnology is cognizing and transforming are human closely related biological area ——microorganism, plants, animals and even we human beings. Biotechnology has widely penetrated into kinds of fields such as medicine, biology, industry and agriculture; gene drugs, gene treatment and transgenic animals and plants all has been developing rapidly. Therefore, there is a qualitative leap in man’s cognition of biological phenomena, and human beings has reached a new height and stand on a new starting point to discuss the significance and value of life.
CMOS-MEMS Based Current Mirror MOSFET Embedded Pressure Sensor for Healthcare and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Rathore Pradeep Kumar , Panwar Brishbhan Singh
Published: March 2013

This paper reports on the design and optimization of current mirror MOSFET embedded pressure sensor. A current mirror circuit with an output current of 1 mA integrated with a pressure sensing n-channel MOSFET has been designed using standard 5 µm CMOS technology. The channel region of the pressure sensing MOSFET forms the flexible diaphragm as well as the strain sensing element. The piezoresistive effect in MOSFET has been exploited for the calculation of strain induced carrier mobility variation. The output transistor of the current mirror forms the active pressure sensing MOSFET which produces a change in its drain current as a result of altered channel mobility under externally applied pressure. COMSOL Multiphysics is utilized for the simulation of pressure sensing structure and Tspice is employed to evaluate the characteristics of the current mirror pressure sensing circuit. Simulation results show that the pressure sensor has a sensitivity of 10.01 mV/MPa. The sensing structure has been optimized through simulation for enhancing the sensor sensitivity to 276.65 mV/MPa. These CMOS-MEMS based pressure sensors integrated with signal processing circuitry on the same chip can be used for healthcare and biomedical applications.
High Concentration Short Duration Treatment of Benzyladenine Stimulates Adventitious Bud Regeneration from Hypocotyl Explants in Soybean
Authors: Liu Ying , Yu Lei , Zhang Qi , Nian Hai , Guo Zhen Fei , Yang Yue Sheng
Published: March 2013

A new strategy of high concentration short duration treatment of benzyladenine (BA) for enhancing adventitious bud formation from hypocotyl explants were attempted in soybean. It was found that although a regeneration frequency higher than 50% could be achieved by using higher BA concentration, for the induction of possibly more buds while maintaining quality of the buds acceptable, the concentration of BA of 30 mg/l and the treatment duration of 20 min were adopted. Hypocotyls treated only the upper part with BA solution had higher regeneration ability than those treated completely, and hypocotyls geminated on BA free medium had higher regeneration frequency than those geminated on medium containing BA. With the optimized parameters, however, the isolating position on the seedlings for obtaining hypocotyl explants still highly influenced the regeneration efficiency. Three local popular cultivars were tested with little difference in the treating effects, suggesting the validity of this strategy for wider application.
First Step in the Biodegradation of Microcystins by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05
Authors: Wang Hua Sheng , Yan Hai , Liu Xiao Lu , Yin Chun Hua , Lv Le , Xu Qian Qian
Published: March 2013

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a growing environmental problem worldwide in natural waters, and the biodegradation is found to be the most efficient method for removing microcystins (MCs) produced by harmful cyanobacteria. Based on the isolation of a promising bacterial strain of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 for biodegrading MCs, a gene USTB-05-A (HM245411) that is responsible for the first step in the biodegradation of MCs was cloned and expressed for the first time. The cell-free extracts (CE) of recombinant E. coli DH5α containing USTB-05-A had high activity for biodegrading MCs. Based on an analysis of the liquid chromatogram-mass spectrum (LC-MS), the enzyme encoded by gene USTB-05-A was found to be active in cleaving the target peptide bond between Adda and arginine, and converting cyclic MC-RR and MC-YR) to linear MC-RR and MC-YR as their first degradation products, respectively, which offered direct evidence for the first step on the pathway of MCs biodegradation by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05.
The Evaluation of Process of Bioremediation of Oil-Polluted Soils by Different Strains of Pseudomonas
Authors: Mansurov Z. , Doszhanov Y.O. , Ongarbaev Y.K. , Akimbekov N.Sh. , Zhubanova A.A.
Published: March 2013

The determination of content hydrocarbon of diesel fuels and individual hydrocarbons in oil-polluted soil before and after bioremediation by oil-oxidational microorganisms was carried out by method of chromato-mass-spectrometry. It has been shown that changes in composition hydrocarbons of diesel fuels and individual hydrocarbons in soil observe during growth of microorganisms on this soil.
Preparation and Study of Biomimetic Ring CoCl2/CS Biological Bar
Authors: Xu Wen Feng , Li Zeng Lian , Li Kui , Liao Xiao Ling
Published: March 2013

Exploring an effective replacement material of bone transplantation to repair bone defect is the hot topic in bone defect therapy at present. The biomimetic materials will be the main dircetion. Chitosan, the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin, has been regarded as suitable materials because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, reliability and wide sources, which is the next generation of promising materials for tissue engineering. This study introduce the best CoCl2_-Chitosan-gel-sticks of different concentrations prepared by using the in-situ Precipitation Method and Alternate deposition Method. This investigation progeny will have a wide range of applications in biological materials field and other fields.
Sequence Analysis of the Riemerella anatipestifer OmpAMotB Gene(ORF 648bp) by Bioinformatics
Authors: Xu Pan , Cheng An Chun , Wang Ming Shu , Zhu De Kang , Wang Xiao Jia
Published: March 2013

The OmpA/MotB gene from RA by our lab was sequenced. And the molecular characteristic of this gene was analyzed with bioinformatics software. The result indicated that an open reading frame(ORF) containing 648bp nucleotides was preliminarily identified by aligning with gene bank database by software of BlastN and ORF Finder. The GC content of RA OmpA/MotB gene was 36.88% and encoded a 215 amino acids in this peptide. And from the analysis results we know that this gene sequence didn’t contain a successive at least two rare codons string. Phylogenetic tree of the amino acids sequences showed this gene has not very high similarity with the other 15 OmpA/MotB protein sequence.
Exploring Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase's Thermostability through Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Fu Yi , Gu Qi Fang
Published: March 2013

Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.19, CGTase) is an important industrial enzyme in the production of cyclodextrins. However, the working conditions are extreme, which often restrict the usage of CGTase. Thermal stability is of great importance for this enzyme. Besides to screen microorganism for CGTase that fit the requirement of biotechnology, it is also hoped that protein engineering can tailor CGTase to meet demands of industry. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study thermal stabilization of CGTase C-terminal structured region. Dynamic motions of salt bridges in thermal unstable regions were monitored during the simulations. In the C-terminal region, salt bridge Arg591-Asp640 and Lys652-Glu664 were proposed to be more important for stability than the others. Sheet1 and Sheet3 through the Arg591-Asp640 salt-bridge formation renders the C-terminal stable. The salt bridge Lys652-Glu664 linking sheet4 and sheet5 terminal also contributes to the structural stability of C-terminal. This study is attempt to observe the dynamic behavior of CGTase C-terminal at high temperatures and to understand the factors conferring thermostability of this protein. The results provide specific knowledge about thermal stability in CGTase C-terminal and may help to design biotechnologically improved thermostable proteins.
Critical Components of Odors and VOCs in Mechanical Biological Treatment Process of MSW
Authors: Hou Jia Qi , Li Ming Xiao , Wei Zi Min , Xi Bei Dou , Jia Xuan , Zhu Chao Wei , Liu Dong Ming
Published: March 2013

Mechanical Biological Treatment Process of MSW is a new garbage disposal technology for the main purpose to improve the efficiency of garbage sorting. Malodorous gas, namely provisions to limit emissions of the emitted pollutant discharge standard was collected and analyzed, and 64 major VOCs emissions in the process of MBT were also analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that, First, odor concentration of the top ten odorous substances of VOCs in MSW were successively toluene, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, methyl ethyl ketone, xylene, styrene, 1,2- dichloropropane, trichlorethylene, ethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, Accounted for 93.57% of the volume of total VOCs. Therefore, the above VOCs were key control object during MBT process; Second, at trommel link of Mechanical separation process, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfide odor concentration were higher 11.67%, 3.8%, 25.42%, 128.93% compared to artificial selection as background value; Third, during biological treatment processes, NH3, H2S were the main control substances. ketones was detected in the end of the biological treatment, indicating that local anaerobic reactor engendered in the composting process. Therefore, proper ventilating was needed to control VOCs production and release in biological process.
Biomechanical Simulation of Achilles Tendon Strains during Hurdling
Authors: Li Lin Jie , Zhang Yan Xin
Published: March 2013

Hurdling is one of the top athletic games with high injury risks, especially the Achilles tendon injury. The purpose of the study was to quantify the Achilles tendon strains using a biomechanical simulation approach, which incorporate motion capture technique and musculoskeletal modeling. The finding indicates that the main muscles of Achilles tendon, gastronomic and soleus, change greatly in muscle length during the hurdling takeoff. The peak angle of the knee and angle was observed at the end of foot touching phase. The results obtained in this study can serve as a basis for further research on Achilles tendon rupture.
Gene Polymorphism and Precocious Puberty: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies
Authors: Zhang Min Jie , Gong Zong Lin , Han Di , Gao Xiang , Tan Qi , Xu Yong
Published: March 2013

Objective: To reexamine literature and data on the effects of gene polymorphism on precocious puberty via a meta-analysis. Methods: Consultation of search engines Chinese Bio-medicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Pubmed and Medline search resulted in a total of seven studies containing more than 4300 individuals from various ethnic backgrounds. To evaluate the risk of precocious puberty, odds ratios (OR) for all case-control studies were calculated. Results: In this meta-analysis no significant association of the gene polymorphism with precocious puberty in the combined case-control sample (OR=1.19, 95%CI: 0.88-1.62, P=0.26) was found. Conclusion: This study found no evidence of gene polymorphism being an independent risk factor of precocious puberty. Further studies are needed further understand the effects of the interactions between these genes and other genetic and/or environment factors on precocious puberty.
Study of Colloidal Gold Strip in Detecting the Antibody of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea
Authors: Wang Jin Liang , Wei Feng , Qu Guang Gang , Shen Zhi Qiang
Published: March 2013

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) infection has caused huge economic losses, but no serological method is available for batch detection of field samples. The aim of the study was to develop a method for large-batch detection of PEDV infection. Colloidal gold-labeled staphylococcal protein A (SPA) was sprayed on glass fibers to prepare a conjugate pad. The recombinant N protein of PEDV was blotted on the test line of the nitrocellulose (NC) membrane, and pig IgG was streaked on the control line of the NC membrane. The immunochromatographic strip was used for detection of antibodies against PEDV. The results showed that the strip test was simple and the results could be determined within 10 min with naked eyes. The test strip was highly specific for pig serum against PEDV and no cross-reaction was observed. The test strip had close similarity with ELISA. Storage at room temperature for 6 months did not affect the specificity and sensitivity obviously. A total of 320 clinical pig sera were detected by both ELISA and the developed test strip, and the coincidence was 96.3 %. Therefore, the developed immunochromatographic strip is specific, sensitive, stable, fast and simple, and it is suitable for on-site detection of antibodies against PEDV.
Isolation and Mutagenesis of a Novel Phenol-Degrading Strain
Authors: Peng Ren , Yang Gui Juan , Wang Qi Ming , Du Yun Yun , Li Jia Rong
Published: March 2013

In this study, with phenol as sole source of carbon, a phenol-degrading strain was isolated from rotting wood and polluted sludge. The strain was identified as Rhodococcus ruber SD3 according to their morphological features and 16S rDNA sequence. Rhodococcus ruber SD3 almost completely degraded 1.0g L-1 phenol in 72 hours. Rhodococcus ruber SD3 was also capable of growing in a medium containing isooctane, cyclohexane, benzene, n-heptane, toluene, acetonitrile, chlorobenzene, naphthalene, n-hexane, 1-naphthol and dimethylbenzene as sole carbon source, respectively. Rhodococcus ruber SD3 was mutated using LiCl as a chemical mutagen. The optimal concentration of LiCl for mutagenesis was 0.3 %. The mutant M1 could degrade 99.8 % of 1.5 g L-1 phenol within 72h. The optimum pH and temperature for the degradation of phenol with mutant M1 were 7.5 and 35°C.
Optimal Control of a Tuberculosis Model with Chemoprophylaxis Treatment
Authors: Yang Ya Li , Cheng Jian Feng , Chen Fang , Xu Ya Yi
Published: March 2013

Seeking to reduce the latent and infectious tuberculosis groups, we use the control strategy which incorporates chemoprophylaxis treatment for latent infection. The optimal control is characterized in terms of the optimality system, and we characterize the optimal level of the control strategy by using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. Furthermore, we give the solved numerically for several scenarios.
Functional Characters of Corn Steeping Water Protein Concentrate
Authors: Zheng Xi Qun , Lu Jing Jing , Liu Xiao Lan , Liu Zhi Sheng
Published: March 2013

The functional properties of corn steeping water protein concentrated (CSWPC) were investigated, and compared with soybean protein isolated (SPI). The results showed that the emulsifying capacity and viscosity of CSWPC were slightly lower than that of SPI, but the emulsifying stability, foaming property, foaming stability, gelatinization and oil absorption of CSWPC were better than that of SPI. The CSWPC showed better emulsifying capacity and stability at protein concentration of 1-3%、NaCl concentration of 0.15-0.3mol/L under alkali environment. The gelatinization of CSWPC got better with the increase of concentration of CSWPC. The foaming property was increased with the increase of sucrose concentration, but the foaming stability was decreased with the increase of sucrose concentration. The oil absorption capacity was increased slightly with the increase of temperature.
Effect of Measure and Interpolation Methods for Intensity-Based Medical Image Registration
Authors: Zhang Guo Dong , Xue Xiao Hu , Guo Wei
Published: March 2013

The local extreme is main reason to hamper the optimization process and influence the registration accuracy in medical image registration algorithm. In general, the accuracy of image registration based on mutual information is afforded by interpolation methods. In this paper, we analyze the effect of the measure and interpolation methods for medical image registration and present a medical image registration algorithm using mutual strictly concave function measure and partial volume (PV) interpolation methods. The experiment results show that for images with low local correlation the algorithm has the ability to reduce the local extreme, the registration accuracy is improved, and the algorithm expended less time than mutual information based registration method with partial volume (PV) or generalized partial volume estimation (GPVE).
Treatment of Onychomycosis Using Radiation of Excimer Laser
Authors: Urzová Jana , Jelínek Miroslav , Mikšovský Jan , Kymplová Jaroslava
Published: March 2013

It is known that UV-C radiation kills fungus by radiating their DNA. We wanted to verify, if we could use radiation produced by excimer laser as an alternative method for the treatment of onychomycosis – nail fungus. Medical procedure like this should meet certain conditions such as perfectly and reliably destroying the fungi and to make no harm to the patient (in this case overheating of the under-nail tissue). The main part of the first stage of this work was to determine the coefficients for transmission, reflection and absorption of nails to determine the quantity of energy going through and absorbed by the nail – that means quantity of energy which could harm the healthy tissue. In the following stage we focused on the irradiation of the fungi. Our final task was to assess whether is it possible to determine the parameters of the radiation (total dose, dose per pulse frequency, repetition rate and number of pulses) for which the elimination of the fungi would be most effective without damaging the nail and the soft tissue underneath it. The results so far have proven that UV-C radiation does not pass through a fingernail to such extent that it could damage the soft tissue beneath it. We've measured the absorption and transmission spectrum for the nail tissue at the first time and we've determined the value of absorption coefficient is α = 1.7 mm-1 at the wavelength of 700 nm (transmission max.). Fungi are destroyed by the application of small doses of radiation using the excimer laser. The goal of the last phase of our work was to determine the modulation parameters of the excimer laser radiation for the treatment of onychomycosis. Refining the parameters and finding out the optimal values for different ranges and types of illnesses will require additional measurements.
Simulation on the Transient Thermal Stress Field of the Wall-Shaped Part Deposited by Laser Direct Metal Powder Deposition
Authors: Xi Ming Zhe
Published: March 2013

A thermo-kinetic model for the transient thermal stress field of the wall-shaped part produced using laser direct powder deposition process is developed. In case of numerical modeling, the capabilities of ANSYS parametric design language and the the ‘birth and death’ element technique were employed. The distribution of the thermal stress of the wall-shaped part at different time was calculated by the model. Results show that during process, the X-direction thermal stress within top layer of the wall-shape part and that within the interior deposited layers of the wall-shape part was tensile stress and compressive stress, respectively. The deformation of the wall-shaped part and base plate was also calculated.
Fabrication and Evaluation of a Novel Integrated Annulus Fibrosus-Nucleus Pulposus Hybrid Scaffold
Authors: Wu Yao Hong , Xu Bao Shan , Yang Qiang , Li Xiu Lan , Zhang Yang , Ma Xin Long , Xu Hai Wei
Published: March 2013

The scope of this study was to fabricate and evaluate a novel integrated annulus fibrosus-nucleus pulposus scaffold composed of bone matrix gelatin (BMG) and cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) respectively. Scaffolds were fabricated by a serial physicochemical and free-drying process. The physiochemical property and compatibility of the composite scaffold with intervertebral disc cells were evaluated. HE staining showed no residual cells in both annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus scaffolds. SEM observation revealed that the integration of annulus fibrosus region and nucleus pulposus region was well. The pore diameter of annulus fibrosus scaffold is about 401.4±13.1 μm and the nucleus pulposus scaffold 112.4±21.8 μm, which demonstrated that the composite scaffolds possess interconnected pores structure. The average compressive elastic modulus of the integrated scaffold was 49.06 ±15.57 kpa, which was lower than that of porcine coccyx intervertebral disc, 135.9±28.9 kPa. SEM observation and LIVE/DEAD staining showed good adhesion and high viability of intervertebral disc cells in the integrated scaffold. In conclusion, the integrated annulus fibrosus-nucleus pulposus scaffold can be used for intervertebral disc tissue engineering because of its non-immunogenicity, preservation of ECM composition, good physicochemical property and high biocompatibility with interbertebral disc cells.
Prepared and Study of Low Cost and High Performance Nanocomposite (Nd,Dy,Pr)-(Fe,Nb,Zr)-B/α-Fe
Authors: Hu Jin Jiang , Li Chen Pu , Liu Chao
Published: March 2013

The microstructure and magnetic properties of melt-spun nanocomposite (Nd, Dy, Pr)-(Fe,Nb,Zr)-B /α-Fe ribbons have been investigated by XRD, SPM and VSM. The ribbons were prepared at a wheel speed range of 10-30 m/s. The multigrain domain or interaction domain was observed in the samples prepared at 20 m/s wheel speed. The easy magnetized direction c-axis parallel to the ribbon plane for the sample prepared at the wheel speed of 20m/s. The average gain size in this sample is about 18nm and the sample consists of hard magnetic phase (Nd, Dy, Pr) 2(Fe,Nb,Zr)14B and sofe magnetic phase α-Fe, there is strong exchange-coupling interaction between them. The magnetic properties obtained are Br=1.28T，Hci= 504.2kA•m-1，(BH)max= 157.8 kJ•m-3，Mr/Ms =0.76.
Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of Sr3SiO5:Eu2+, Mn2+
Authors: Huang Tien Heng , Chiu Kuo Chuang , Chang Fang Ching , Yeh Yao Tsung
Published: March 2013

The Mn2+ co-doped Sr3SiO5:Eu2+ phosphorsynthesized by conventional solid-state reaction had been investigated. Two controlling factors, firing temperature and Eu2+ concentrations, regarding to the synthesis and photoluminescence properties of Sr3SiO5:Eu2+ samples have been elucidated through photoluminescence (PL) analyses. The best firing temperature and Eu2+ concentrations of Sr3-xSiO5:Eu2+x phosphor was shown to be 1600oC and 0.03mol, respectively. In addition, the Mn2+ co-doped into Sr3SiO5:Eu2+, i. e. Sr3-x-ySiO5:Mnx2+,Euy2+, were also studied by PL analysis. It showed that the luminescent efficiency of Mn2+ co-doped into Sr3SiO5:Eu could be enhanced by 7%, as compared to the Sr3SiO5:Eu2+ phosphor. This study provides the fundamentals of synthesis and photoluminescence properties of (Sr3-x-ySiO5):Eux2+,Mn2+y phosphor for future research and application.
Preparation of O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan by Schiff Base and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhao Di , Wang Jiang Tao
Published: March 2013

A novel method of preparation O-Carboxymethyl chitosan (OCMC) was studied that the product was prepared by reaction of Schiff's base of chitosan. Schiff base of chitosan (BCTS) was synthesized by the reaction of chitosan with aromatic aldehyde, then BCTS reacted with chloroacetic acid and removed the group of amino protection to get the target product. The chitosan derivative was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1HNMR and elemental analysis. Elemental analysis results confirmed that the degree of substitution(DS) of OCMC was 0.83. Solubility of OCMC in water and organic solvents was demonstrated to be better than that of chitosan. The antimicrobial activities of chitosan and OCMC were investigated against Aspergillus niger and Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicate that the antimicrobial activity of OCMC was superior to chitosan.
Very High Cycle Fatigue Properties of Welded Joints under High Frequency Loading
Authors: He Chao , Liu Yong Jie , Wang Qing Yuan
Published: March 2013

Very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) properties of welded joints under ultrasonic fatigue loading have been investigated for titanium alloy (TI-6Al-4V) and bridge steel (Q345). Ultrasonic fatigue tests of base metal and welded joints were carried out in ambient air at room temperature at a stress ratio R=-1. It was observed that the fatigue strength of welded joints reduced by 50-60% as compared to the base metal. The S-N fatigue curves in the range of 107~109 cycles of base metal and welded joints for both materials exhibited the characteristic of continually decreasing type. The fatigue failure still occurred after 107 cycles of loading, and the fatigue limit in traditional does not exist. The fatigue facture mainly located in the weld metal region at low cycle fatigue range, but in the fusion area in HCF and VHCF. Analysis of fracture surfaces analyzed by SEM revealed that the fatigue cracks initiated from welding defects such as pores, cracks and inclusions.
Numerical Investigation of Combustion Performance Utilizing Envo-Diesel Blends
Authors: Ashrul Ishak Mohamad Shaiful , Arizal Mohd. Amirul Amin , Jaafar Mohammad Nazri Mohd. , Norwazan A.R. , Azmi Ismail
Published: March 2013

Alternative fuel and renewable energy is needed to fulfill the energy demand of the world. The use of envo-diesel fuels for power generation seems a viable solution for the problems of decreasing fossil-fuel reserves and environmental concerns. The use of envo-diesel in gas turbines would extend this application to power generation field. Envo-diesel is considered as better option because of its environmental friendly characteristics while giving almost the same functional properties like a fossil fuels. The gas turbine combustion performance that utilizes palm envo-diesel fuel is investigated. This study is to perform a detailed simulation of combustion and thermal flow behaviors inside the combustor. The simulations are conducted using the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package software to determine the spray flames and combustion characteristics of commercial diesel fuel, envo-E5 and envo-E10. The diameter and temperature of the fuel droplets; and temperature contour, mass fraction of diesel and mass fraction of carbon dioxide (CO2) of the combustor were obtained for commercial diesel fuel, envo-E5 and envo-E10. Diesel fuel displayed higher rates of droplet evaporation compared to E5 and E10 with SMD differential about 30 to 40 μm while mass fraction for E5 and E10 slightly lower than conventional diesel.
Research in Thermo-Physical Property Testing System of Aeronautic PMMA Based on Temperature-Pressure Parameters
Authors: Qian Hao Han , Ding Yuan Ming , Cheng Jia
Published: March 2013

Because of the differences in physical properties, the aeronautic PMMA for porthole may easily craze, crack and even explode in flight. In this paper, the operating conditions for porthole were analyzed and testing methods of PMMA’s thermo-physical properties were studied considering the two main factors, temperature and pressure, which affects porthole’s operating life. At last a thermo-physical property testing system of aeronautic PMMA based on temperature-pressure parameters was designed. This device could preferably simulate the operating conditions and conduct continuous fatigue test for PMMA, which helps make up the lack of physical property testing research for aeronautic PMMA in China.
Application Research of Solving Random Drift Based on Dynamic Tracking in the Detection System
Authors: Tao Huan Qi , Zhang Heng
Published: March 2013

To eliminate the zero drift of the detection system, In this paper, a method of dynamic real-time tracking component parameter values are discussed to solve the temperature drift and time drift problems. That in the original basis, starting only from the system hardware, an increase of only two precision standard resistor, thus effectively solving the system of drift and time drift problems. This method greatly improves system stability and anti-jamming capability of work, but also improves the interchangeability between components.
Comparative Analysis of Two Different Probabilistic Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Li Yi Hua , Huang Wen Jing , Pang Yan
Published: March 2013

The probabilistic fuzzy set (PFS) is designed for handling the uncertainties with both stochastic and fuzzy features. In this paper, the fundamental analyses are conducted to study influences of random variations to the fuzzy membership degree and its convergence. The analysis clearly discloses that fuzzy membership degree will show Gaussian features. The work presented will improve the potential application of probabilistic fuzzy sets.
On Theoretical of Transmission Loss in Exhaust Muffler System
Authors: Abdullah Hanida , bin Abu Aminudin , Muhamad Pauziah Binti , Sahekhaini Asnizah , Quen Lee Kee
Published: March 2013

Exhaust muffler system iscommonly used to reduce noise associated with internal combustion engine exhausts.This paper presents a numerical analysis of transmission loss for exhaust muffler by using transfer matrix method. The objective of this study is to develop the computer program to predict the transmission loss of muffler.The influence of cross sectional area of pipe, effect of muffler length and temperature towards the transmission loss of muffler is discussed as well in present study. The efficiency and capabilities of the computing transmission loss is compared to the experiment results obtained from the previous established research paper.
Effective Falls Detection Method Using Two Tri-Axial Accelerometers
Authors: Jeon Gye Rok , Kim Young Jae , Jeon Ah Young , Lee Sang Hoon , Kim Jae Hyung , Kim Min Seok , Lee Seong Ho , Kim Ji Hyun
Published: March 2013

Falls detection systems have been developed in recent years because falls are detrimental events that can have a devastating effect on health of the elderly population. Current fall detecting methods mainly employ accelerometer to discriminate falls from activities of daily living (ADL). However, this makes it difficult to distinguish real falls from certain fall-like activities such as jogging and jumping. In this paper, an accurate fall detection system was implemented using two tri-axial accelerometers. By attaching the accelerometers on the chest and the abdomen, our system can effectively differentiate between falls and non-fall events.The Diff_Z and Sum_diff_Z parameter resulted in falls detection rate of 100%, respectively.
Design and Realization of Universal Operation Simulation Platform for Large Communication Equipment
Authors: Zhang Yue
Published: March 2013

How to realize and perform operation training for large communication equipment is always a common simulation problem due to long development period and lower efficiency. A general simulation training platform applying thought of plug and train is proposed based on component technology. Its framework and function module are designed and its technology specific are also detailed for realizing the platform. The development pattern named as "system analysis-outline design-detail design-component development-system integration" is summarized for developing special communication equipment simulation training system. Finally, series of simulation examples for some armored communication vehicle are given to prove its feasibility.