bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case Study of Barriers to Emotional Support Towards Successful Aging in Malaysia
Authors: Zainuddin Faizah Hanim , Hamidi Mashitah , Muneem Abdul , Ismail Maria Mohd , Zuraiju Siti Nur Edlyn Nadia
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study is to delve into the difficulties faced by older adults when it comes to receiving emotional support, and how these challenges affect their ability to age well. The study utilized a qualitative approach, conducting in-depth interviews and thematic analysis to present its findings. The sample group consisted of 24 older adults and three government officials who were interviewed. The study identified various obstacles to emotional support, such as family crises, stress from children’s problems, negative attitudes from children, and cultural changes. The analysis proposes several strategies to enhance emotional support for older adults, including encouraging them to volunteer to feel more connected, promoting the concept of self-care and self-love, utilizing technology to communicate, raising awareness about the emotional support needs of older adults, implementing intergenerational programs to promote emotional support across different age groups, and collaborating with community organizations to improve emotional support. Despite the importance of this topic, there is currently insufficient research on the barriers to emotional support in the context of successful aging, particularly in Malaysia.
Comparing Tibiofemoral Rotation Measurements Between Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Patellofemoral Instability
Authors: Jud Lukas , Berger Alexander , Hartmann Martin , Vlachopoulos Lazaros , Ackermann Jakob , Fucentese Sandro F.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Tibiofemoral rotation is an emerging parameter, especially in assessing patellofemoral instability. However, reference values in the literature are inconsistent regarding the used imaging modality and do not consider the effect of knee flexion during image acquisition.

Purpose:

To analyze the differences in tibiofemoral rotation measurements between computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 78 knees in 72 patients were included. All patients underwent surgery for patellofemoral instability at our institution and preoperative CT and MRI were available. Tibiofemoral rotation was measured on axial CT and MRI, whereas the respective knee flexion angle (KFA) was measured on sagittal images. Tibiofemoral rotation values in which the tibia was externally rotated to the femur were handled as positive values. Differences between CT and MRI measurements were calculated and the association between KFA and tibiofemoral rotation was evaluated using Pearson correlation and the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results:

The mean tibiofemoral rotation was 8.7°± 5.5° in CT and 4.2°± 6.7° in MRI ( P < .001). The mean KFA was 2.4°± 3.1° in CT and 14.9°± 6.4° in MRI ( P < .001). The difference in the KFA between CT and MRI moderately correlated with the difference in tibiofemoral rotation between imaging modalities ( r = 0.529; P < .001).

Conclusion:

Tibiofemoral rotation measurements significantly differed between CT and MRI, with larger values observed in CT. The difference between imaging modalities correlated with the degree of knee flexion during image acquisition. This observation should be considered when assessing tibiofemoral rotation, as current reference values in the literature are inconsistent regarding the used imaging modality.
Defining 2 Biologically and Clinically Distinct Groups in Acute Leukemia with a Mixed Phenotype
Authors: Galera Pallavi , Dilip Deepika , Derkach Andriy , Chan Alexander , Zhang Yanming , Persaud Sonali , Mishra Tanmay , Kramer Kyle , Kathpalia Mahak , Liu Ying , Famulare Christopher A , Gao Qi , Mata Douglas Alexander , Arcila Maria E. , Geyer Mark B. , Stein Eytan M. , Dogan Ahmet , Roshal Mikhail , Levine Ross L , Glass Jacob L. , Xiao Wenbin
Published: January 2025

A mixed phenotype is characteristic of de novo Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) but can also be seen in other leukemias. It poses substantial classification and management dilemmas. Herein, we report a large cohort of acute leukemia with a mixed phenotype and define Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Mixed Phenotype (AML-MP) and MPAL as two distinct groups by characterizing the clinical, genetic, and transcriptomic features. Clinically, patients with AML-MP and MPAL were both treated with either AML- or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-directed induction regimens. AML-MP shows inferior responses (HR, 12.5; 95% CI, 2.72-57.8; p=.001), while MPAL shows better responses to ALL-directed treatment. Genetically, AML-MP harbors more frequent RUNX1 (23/52, 44%) and TP53 (12/52, 23.1%) mutations. In contrast, RUNX1 mutations are less frequent in MPAL (8/35, 23%, p=.01 vs AML-MP) and TP53 mutations as a driver are virtually absent in MPAL. Transcriptionally, AML-MP shows enrichment for stemness signatures, and a relative deficit of transcription factors critical for myeloid and lymphoid differentiation. Furthermore, AML-MP rarely switches to a lymphoid immunophenotype after treatment, in contrast to MPAL (1/40, 2.5%, vs. 10/28, 35.7%, p=.0003). Lastly, a genomic classification framework is proposed for future studies. Together, these data support the designation of AML-MP as a diagnosis distinct from MPAL and provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and therapies of acute leukemia with a mixed phenotype.
A phase 1 trial of prizloncabtagene autoleucel, a CD19/CD20 CAR T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Yu Wenjuan , Li Ping , Zhou Lili , Yang Min , Ye Shiguang , Zhu Dan , Huang Jiaqi , Yao Xin , Zhang Yan , Li Lanfang , Zhao Jing , Zhu Kevin , Li Jing , Zheng Chengxiao , Lan Liping , Wan Hui , Yao Yihong , Zhang Huilai , Zhou Daobin , Jin Jie , Liang Aibin
Published: January 2025

Prizloncabtagene autoleucel (prizlon-cel), a novel bispecific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell, targets and eliminates CD19/CD20 positive tumor cells. This phase 1, open-label study investigated the safety and efficacy of prizlon-cel in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (r/r B-NHL). Patients with CD19 and/or CD20-positive r/r B-NHL received a 3-day lymphodepletion (cyclophosphamide: 300 mg/m2/d; fludarabine: 30 mg/m2/d) followed by an intravenous dose of prizlon-cel. The primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and incidence and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Of the 48 patients infused prizlon-cel, 44 had large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). No patient experienced DLT. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 93.8% of patients, with only one case of grade 3. Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome occurred in 6.3% of patients, with no grade 3 or higher events. The most common grade 3 or higher TEAEs were neutropenia (83.3%) and leukopenia (50%). The ORR and complete response (CR) rates in all patients were 91.5% and 85.1%, respectively, and in LBCL patients, ORR was 90.7% with 86.0% CR. With median follow up of 30.0 months, median DOR, PFS, and OS were all not reached. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of 2-year DOR, PFS and OS rates were 66.0%, 62.6%, and 76.5%, respectively. Prizlon-cel showed a favorable safety profile and a high and durable response in patients with r/r B-NHL, suggesting a promising treatment option for patients with r/r B-NHL. (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT04317885, NCT04655677, NCT04696432, NCT04693676).
α-Actinin-1 deficiency in megakaryocytes causes low platelet count, platelet dysfunction, and mitochondrial impairment
Authors: Lin Xiangjie , Gao Hanchen , Xin Min , Huang Jian , Li Xia , Zhou Yutong , Lv Keyu , Huang Xin , Wang Jinghan , Zhou Yulan , Cui Dawei , fang chao , Wu Lanlan , Shi Xiaofeng , Ma Zhixin , Qian Yu , Tong Hongyan , Dai Jing , Jin Jie , Huang Jiansong
Published: January 2025

Cytoskeletal remodeling and mitochondrial bioenergetics play important roles in thrombocytopoiesis and platelet function. Recently, α-actinin-1 mutations have been reported in patients with congenital macrothrombocytopenia. However, the role and underlying mechanism of α-actinin-1 in thrombocytopoiesis and platelet function remain elusive. Using MK-specific α-actinin-1 knockout (PF4-Actn1-/-) mice, we demonstrated that PF4-Actn1-/- mice exhibited reduced platelet counts. The decreased platelet number in PF4-Actn1-/- mice was due to defects in thrombocytopoiesis. H&E staining and flow cytometry revealed a decrease in the number of MKs in the bone marrow of PF4-Actn1-/- mice. The absence of α-actinin-1 increased the proportion of 2 N-4 N MKs and decreased the proportion of 8 N-32 N MKs. CFU-MK colony formation, the ratio of proplatelet formation-bearing MKs, and MK migration in response to SDF-1 signaling were inhibited in PF4-Actn1-/- mice. Platelet spreading, clot retraction, aggregation, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and P-selectin exposure in response to various agonists were decreased in PF4-Actn1-/- platelets. Notably, PF4-Actn1-/- platelets inhibited calcium mobilization, ROS generation, and actin polymerization in response to collagen and thrombin. Furthermore, the PF4-Actn1-/- mice exhibited impaired hemostasis and thrombosis. Mechanistically, proteomic analysis of low-ploidy (2-4 N) and high-ploidy (≥8 N) PF4-Actn1-/- MKs revealed that α-actinin-1 deletion reduced platelet activation and mitochondrial function. PF4-Actn1-/- platelets and Actn1 KO 293T cells exhibited reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, mitoROS generation, mitochondrial calcium mobilization, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Overall, in this study, we report that mice with α-actinin-1 deficiency in MKs exhibit low platelet count and impaired platelet function, thrombosis, and mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Effectiveness of workplace health promotion programs for industrial workers: a systematic review
Authors: Javanmardi Sasha , Rappelt Ludwig , Zangenberg Sascha , Heinke Lars , Baumgart Christian , Niederer Daniel , Freiwald Jürgen
Published: January 2025

Background

Workplace health promotion is essential for individual and organisational well-being and disease prevention, also in industrial workers. As the transfer of the evidence on the effectiveness of such programs into practice is limited due to scattered effects, the need for a consolidation of the available studies is given. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesise the evidence on the effectiveness of workplace health promotion programs for industrial workers.

Methods

An electronic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science™, Scopus, and EBSCOHost until July 26th 2023. Studies investigated industrial workers who performed manual labour for at least 20 h per week were included. They had to receive a workplace health promotion intervention under any control condition. Outcomes were workplace health interventions’ safety and corresponding health-related outcomes. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias assessed the risk of bias (Rob 2) tool for randomised control trials (RCT) and cluster RCT. Quality assessment was performed using a modified Downs and Black Checklist.

Results

Of the 25,555 studies initially identified, 39 were included. Generally, the mean quality of the studies was moderate, with most studies judged with a high overall risk of bias. Twenty-seven studies employed a behavioural approach, while one study adopted an organisational one. Ten studies utilised a multicomponent approach, and one intervention improved safety outcomes. The analysis of the results indicated an overall positive but heterogeneous effect across the different approaches.

Conclusions

The studies included in this review provide evidence that workplace health promotion can be effective. However, the overall findings are inconclusive due to the high risk of bias. Therefore, the results should be interpreted cautiously. Despite the considerable amount of research conducted in this field, additional well-designed studies are needed to fully confirm the effectiveness and determine the most promising types of interventions for improving and maintaining industrial health.
The endonuclease activity of MCPIP1 controls the neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells via the c-Met/CD44 axis
Authors: Marona Paulina , Myrczek Rafał , Piasecka Iga , Gorka Judyta , Kwapisz Oliwia , Pospiech Ewelina , Rys Janusz , Jura Jolanta , Miekus Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

The RNase activity of MCPIP1 is essential for regulating cellular homeostasis, proliferation, and tumorigenesis. Our study elucidates the effects of downregulation of MCPIP1 expression and an RNase-inactivating mutation (D141N) on normal epithelial kidney cells, indicating that MCPIP1 expression is a key factor that suppresses neoplastic transformation. We observed that either expression downregulation or mutation of MCPIP1 significantly increased its clonogenicity and altered the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and factors involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vivo studies demonstrated that MCPIP1 inactivation in normal epithelial cells leads to significant tumor formation and increased c-Myc phosphorylation, indicating enhanced cell proliferation. Proteomic analysis of mouse plasma revealed increased secretion of cancer-related proteins (CXCL13, CXCL16, and MMP2) in the MCPIP1-mutant group. Additionally, we revealed that MCPIP1 RNase activity regulates the expression of the stemness markers CD44 and CD133 and the phosphorylation of the c-Met receptor in tumor tissue samples. Mechanistically, via coimmunoprecipitation analysis, we found that the RNase activity of MCPIP1 controls CD44 expression and, consequently, that a strong interaction between CD44 and c-Met leads to c-Met activation. This regulation was confirmed in patient samples, in which increased CD44 expression correlated with ccRCC progression. These findings highlight the critical role of MCPIP1 RNase activity in modulating the c-Met/CD44 axis, thereby influencing stemness and tumorigenesis.
SIRT2 and ALDH1A1 as critical enzymes for astrocytic GABA production in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bhalla Mridula , Joo Jinhyeong , Kim Daeun , Shin Jeong Im , Park Yongmin Mason , Ju Yeon Ha , Park Uiyeol , Yoo Seonguk , Hyeon Seung Jae , Lee Hyunbeom , Lee Junghee , Ryu Hoon , Lee C. Justin
Published: January 2025

Background

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with drastically altered astrocytic metabolism. Astrocytic GABA and H2O2 are associated with memory impairment in AD and synthesized through the Monoamine Oxidase B (MAOB)-mediated multi-step degradation of putrescine. However, the enzymes downstream to MAOB in this pathway remain unidentified.

Methods

Using transcriptomics analysis, we identified two candidate enzymes, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1) and Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) for the steps following MAOB in the astrocytic GABA production pathway. We used immunostaining, metabolite analysis and electrophysiology, both in vitro and in vivo, to confirm the participation of these enzymes in astrocytic GABA production. We checked for the presence of SIRT2 in human AD patients as well as the mouse model APP/PS1 and finally, we selectively ablated SIRT2 in the astrocytes of APP/PS1 mice to observe its effects on pathology.

Results

Immunostaining, metabolite analysis, and electrophysiology recapitulated the participation of ALDH1A1 and SIRT2 in GABA production. Inhibition of SIRT2 reduced the production of astrocytic GABA but not H2O2, a key molecule in neurodegeneration. Elevated expression of these enzymes was found in hippocampal astrocytes of AD patients and APP/PS1 mice. Astrocyte-specific gene-silencing of SIRT2 in APP/PS1 mice restored GABA production and partially improved memory function.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to identify the specific role of SIRT2 in reactive astrogliosis and determine the specific pathway and metabolic step catalyzed by the enzyme. We determine the partial, yet significant role of ALDH1A1 in this process, thereby highlighting 2 new players the astrocytic GABA production pathway. Our findings therefore, offer SIRT2 as a new tool to segregate GABA from H2O2 production, aiding future research in neurodegenerative diseases.

Graphical Abstract
Newly identified c-di-GMP pathway putative EAL domain gene STM0343 regulates stress resistance and virulence in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Chen Kaifeng , Li Lili , Wang Nanwei , Zhou Zhouping , Pan Peng , Xu Chenggang , Sun Dage , Li Jiayi , Dai Changzhi , Kuang Dai , Liao Ming , Zhang Jianmin
Published: January 2025

S. Typhimurium is a significant zoonotic pathogen, and its survival and transmission rely on stress resistance and virulence factors. Therefore, identifying key regulatory elements is crucial for preventing and controlling S. Typhimurium. We performed transcriptomic analysis and screened for a c-di-GMP pathway key gene STM0343, a putative EAL domain protein with an unknown function. Our findings revealed that the deletion of this gene (269ΔSTM0343) led to a 29.85% increase in c-di-GMP. In terms of stress resistance, the strain 269ΔSTM0343 showed significant improvements compared to the wild strain WT269. Specifically, it exhibited increases of 95.74% in extracellular protein and 35.96% in exopolysaccharide production by upregulating the expression of relevant genes. As a result, the biofilm formation ability of 269ΔSTM0343 was enhanced by 21.54%, accompanied by a more pronounced red, dry, and rough colony morphology. 269ΔSTM0343 also showed a 19.03% decrease in motility due to the downregulation of flhD expression. As a result, 269ΔSTM0343 increased resistance to various antibiotics, as well as to acidic conditions, oxidative stress, and disinfectants. In terms of virulence, compared to WT269, the adhesion and invasive ability of 269ΔSTM0343 to HeLa cells was enhanced by onefold and 25.67%, respectively. In in vivo experiments, mice challenged with 269ΔSTM0343 experienced greater weight loss, and the bacterial loads in the spleen, liver, and intestines were elevated by fivefold, 30-fold, and 21-fold, respectively, accompanied by more severe pathological damage. Mechanistic studies revealed that the adhesion and invasion capacities of 269ΔSTM0343ΔCsgB decreased by 29.41% and 68.58%, respectively, compared to 269ΔSTM0343. Additionally, LacZ gene reporting indicated that STM0343 inhibited the expression of CsgB. This suggests that STM0343 suppresses virulence by downregulating CsgB expression. This study provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms by which STM0343 reduces the stress resistance and pathogenicity of S. Typhimurium.
Protein palmitoylation is involved in regulating mouse sperm motility via the signals of calcium, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species
Authors: Xiong Yuping , Yi Chenchen , Zheng Haixia , Ni Ya , Xue Yamei , Li Kun
Published: January 2025

Background

Protein palmitoylation, a critical posttranslational modification, plays an indispensable role in various cellular processes, including the regulation of protein stability, mediation of membrane fusion, facilitation of intracellular protein trafficking, and participation in cellular signaling pathways. It is also implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases, such as cancer, neurological disorders, inflammation, metabolic disorders, infections, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, its regulatory effects on sperm physiology, particularly motility, remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which protein palmitoylation governs sperm motility.

Methods

Protein palmitoylation in situ in mouse sperm was observed using innovative click chemistry. Sperm motility and motion parameters were evaluated using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA) after treatment with 2-bromopalmitic acid (2BP), a specific inhibitor of protein palmitoylation. Protein palmitoylation levels were confirmed by the acyl-biotin exchange (ABE) method. The interplay between protein palmitoylation, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and intracellular calcium was investigated using Western blotting, ABE method, and fluorescent probes. The regulation of reactive oxygen species was also examined using fluorescent probes.

Results

Localized patterns and dynamics of protein palmitoylation in distinct sperm regions were revealed, including the midpiece, post-acrosomal region, acrosome, and head. Alterations in protein palmitoylation in sperm were observed under in vitro physiological conditions. Treatment with 2BP significantly affected sperm motility and motion parameters. The study revealed interactions between protein palmitoylation, including heat shock protein 90, and protein kinase A/protein kinase C-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation and intracellular calcium. Additionally, protein palmitoylation was found to be involved in reactive oxygen species regulation.

Conclusions

Protein palmitoylation regulates sperm motility through calcium signaling, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and reactive oxygen species. This study revealed the characteristics of protein palmitoylation in sperm and its role in regulating sperm motility, thereby providing novel insights into the causes of asthenozoospermia associated with sperm motility in humans.
Microfinance for change: how financial innovation enables structural transformation
Authors: Ghimire Shankar , Thapa Bharat Singh , Zheng Rong
Published: January 2025

This study examines the influence of microfinance institutions’ (MFIs) financial innovation on structural transformation. For this purpose, we considered a household survey from Nepal. The survey collected data on various individual and household characteristics, borrowing patterns, and occupations over the years. The key question focused on occupations before and after borrowing, a categorical response variable indicating 1 for occupational change after borrowing and 0 otherwise. Therefore, we use logistic regression to estimate the probability of occupational change, given two measures of financial innovation: loan purpose and size. The results show that the number of households involved in agriculture significantly decreased, with the majority switching to businesses and convenience stores, indicating a shift to the manufacturing and service sectors. These findings suggest that MFIs contribute to local-level structural transformation by enabling borrowers to move away from traditional employment. This study has important implications for policymakers, development practitioners, and academics interested in promoting economic development through microfinancing in low-income countries.
Primary cutaneous gamma–delta T cell lymphoma presenting as a leg ulcer in a kidney transplant recipient on hemodialysis: a case report with a literature review
Authors: Oba Yuki , Mizuno Hiroki , Kurihara Shigekazu , Ikuma Daisuke , Yamanouchi Masayuki , Suwabe Tatsuya , Miki Katsuyuki , Kono Kei , Ohashi Kennichi , Nishida Aya , Wake Atsushi , Nakamura Yuki , Ubara Yoshifumi , Sawa Naoki
Published: January 2025

Background

Kidney transplantation has long been associated with the incidence of lymphoma. These lymphomas are typically Epstein–Barr virus-associated B cell lymphomas. However, T cell lymphomas occur rarely.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 57-year-old Japanese man. He underwent a living kidney transplantation twice at age 43 and 46 years. However, the kidney function abolished after 9 years, and he restarted hemodialysis at age 55. After 2 years, an ulcer appeared on his right lower leg. It was not ameliorated but enlarged and became too painful to walk. Skin biopsy diagnosed with primary cutaneous gamma–delta (γδ) T cell lymphoma (PCGD-TCL) on his right leg. PCGD-TCL is one of the highly aggressive lymphomas that express gamma–delta T cell receptor gene arrangement and is difficult to diagnose and treat. He underwent cyclophosphamide 350 mg/m2(50% dose), hydroxydaunorubisin 50 mg/m2, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2, and prednisolone 100 mg/body (CHOP) therapy four times, but these were not effective and caused many complications such as septic febrile neutropenia. Although he decided to undergo amputation of his right leg finally, he died following postoperative cytomegalovirus meningitis.

Conclusions

This is the first case of PCGD-TCL after kidney transplantation. It shows that the transplanted kidney can lead to lymphoma development, even after the functional loss of the transplanted kidney, and that it is crucial to consider performing the biopsy aggressively for untreatable leg ulcers in hemodialysis patients.
Neurobrucellosis: a retrospective cohort of 106 patients
Authors: Arazi Fatemeh , Haddad Mahboubeh , Sheybani Fereshte , Farzadfard Mohammad Taghi , Rezaeian Majid Khadem
Published: January 2025

Background

Neurobrucellosis, a serious central nervous system infection caused by Brucella species, presents significant challenges due to its diverse clinical manifestations and the risk of long-term complications and poor outcomes. Identifying predictors of adverse outcomes is critical for improving patient management and overall prognosis.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the long-term morbidity and mortality associated with neurobrucellosis and to identify key predictors of adverse outcomes.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of 106 neurobrucellosis patients treated at two major referral centers in Mashhad, Iran, from March 21, 2011, to March 20, 2022. We analyzed clinical, neuroimaging, and laboratory data, and estimated survival probabilities using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Long-term morbidity was evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale.

Results

The median age of the cohort was 30 years (IQR: 21.8–46.3). The median length of hospital stay was 11 days (IQR: 7–19.8), with an in-hospital mortality rate of 4.7% (n = 5). Survival probabilities were 92.2% (SE = 0.027) at 1 month and 90.1% (SE = 0.030) at 6 months. The median follow-up duration was 52 months (IQR: 35–77). At follow-up, 23.5% (n = 20) of patients had an unfavorable outcome based on the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Predictors of mortality included older age, altered level of consciousness, seizures, elevated body temperature on admission, and white matter changes on neuroimaging.

Conclusion

Neurobrucellosis is associated with significant long-term morbidity and mortality. Key predictors of mortality include older age, altered level of consciousness, seizures, elevated body temperature on admission, and white matter changes. Identifying these predictors can help in targeting therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes through early intervention and close monitoring.
Optimal allocation of antenatal and young child nutrition interventions: an individual-based global burden of disease calibrated microsimulation
Authors: Bowman Alison , Lutze Sylvia , Albright James , Blair-Stahn Nathaniel , Jafari Hussain , Kaur Simar , Kinuthia Caroline , Mudambi Rajan , Nast Patrick , Pletcher Alix , Flaxman Abraham
Published: January 2025

Background

Undernutrition remains a global crisis and is a focus of Sustainable Development Goals. While there are multiple known, effective interventions, complex interactions between prevention and treatment and resource constraints can lead to difficulties in allocating funding. Simulation studies that use in silico simulation can help illuminate the interactions between interventions and provide insight into the cost-effectiveness of alternative packages of options.

Methods

We developed an individual-based microsimulation model based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study data to test a range of nutrition interventions, including antenatal interventions (iron and folic acid, multiple micronutrients, and balanced energy protein supplementation) and child interventions (treatment for severe acute malnutrition, treatment for moderate acute malnutrition, and wasting prevention with small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements). We also developed an analytic approach to process the results of the microsimulation and identify the optimal intervention funding allocation for a given budget size. We use Ethiopia as an example in this paper.

Results

In our illustrative example of Ethiopia, the reallocation of the baseline budget to minimize disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) resulted in first funding the antenatal multiple micronutrients to their maximum coverage and then funding treatment for severe child acute malnutrition. Relative to the baseline allocation, the reallocation optimized to minimizing DALYs resulted in 592,000 fewer annual DALYs, constituting an 8.3% reduction in total DALYs in Ethiopia.

For budgets larger than the baseline, our model recommended funding first targeted moderate acute malnutrition treatment, second universal moderate acute malnutrition treatment, third wasting prevention with small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements, and fourth balanced energy protein supplementation.

Conclusions

Our simulation is a novel model for estimating optimal allocation of spending on antenatal and child health nutrition interventions which accounts for the interaction between preventive and therapeutic approaches. Our illustrative results show that an optimized reallocation of current spending can substantially improve pregnancy-related and child health without additional funding. We hope this model can add validity and confidence to prior results to aid stakeholders in funding decisions.
Revealing Channelized Features Through Multi-Scale Workflows in A Mixed Carbonate Siliciclastic Setting, Grayburg and San Andres Formations, Midland Basin, TX
Authors: Ortiz-Sanguino Laura , Bedle Heather , Pranter Matthew J. , Verma Sumit
Published: January 2025

Mixed carbonate-siliciclastic channelized systems pose significant challenges for geological characterization due to their high lithological variability. Understanding the lithological distribution is crucial for deciphering basin evolution and guiding ongoing drilling operations. An example of such a mixed channel system is identified in the San Andres and Grayburg Formations in the Midland Basin, TX. These units feature siliciclastic-infilled channels cutting across predominantly carbonate shelves. An integrated study of core, well-log, and seismic data was conducted to analyze the lithological variability of the channelized interval and understand its geomorphological evolution. Seismic attributes such as coherent energy, sweetness, and spectral decomposition proved to be the most efficient at enhancing the contrast between clastic and carbonate elements, demonstrating the feasibility of depicting lithological heterogeneity at a seismic scale. Additionally, conventional seismic interpretation and geometric attributes revealed two categories of channel incisions: type I, characterized by V-shaped bases, straight, and mostly oriented in a NE-SW direction; and type II, characterized by U-shaped bases, slightly sinuous, and a NW-SE orientation. Well-log based litho-density techniques and core descriptions corroborated the seismic observations by illustrating heterogeneity and the siliciclastic nature of the channel infills. A 3D lithology model constrained by the previous analyses shows a dominance of siliciclastics in the Lower San Andres, while the Upper San Andres and Grayburg are limestone-rich with episodic siliciclastic events (i.e., channel incisions) and dolostone (in the Upper Grayburg). Geomorphological and stratigraphic variations were correlated to changes in sea level and source rock composition. Overall, these insights improve our understanding of siliciclastic deposition in these formations within the Midland Basin, potentially serving as analogs for the Brushy and Cherry Canyon formations in the Delaware Basin.
Sex-Based Bias in Industry Payments to Medical Oncologists
Authors: Jan Imraan , De Brian , Kwon Young Suk , Freeman Robert , Larkin Kelsey , Subramanian Shyamala , Pandu Prathyusha , Song Amy , Young Meredith , Sayan Mutlay , Beier Matthew , Ludmir Ethan B. , Vapiwala Neha , Haffty Bruce G. , Mattes Malcolm D.
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE

Industry payments are common among oncology researchers and can reflect professional stature and achievement; however, whether such payments differ on the basis of the sex of the recipient is unclear.

METHODS

To investigate potential differences in industry payments to male and female medical oncologists from 2016 through 2020, industry payment information was sourced from the Open Payments database and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services website. Covariate details including h-index, academic rank, institution National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding rank, sex, and practice location, were sourced from SCOPUS, Doximity, NIH RePORTER, National Plan and Provider Enumeration system, and institutional websites. Medical oncologists who received at least one industry research payment from 2016 through 2020 were included (n = 7,285).

RESULTS

No significant sex differences were observed in research payments; however, male medical oncologists received significantly more general payments than did female medical oncologists in several domains, including speaker fees (+194%), consulting (+204%), travel and lodging (+162%), and food and beverage (+114%).

CONCLUSION

Although we found no discernible sex-based differences in research funding among medical oncologists, female medical oncologists received significantly lower general payments than male medical oncologists. Efforts to improve transparency and interventions to address these discrepancies are important to ensure gender equity in oncology.
Comparison of Cumulative Live Birth Rates Between Progestin and GnRH Analogues in Preimplantation Genetic Testing Cycles
Authors: Zhou Ruiqiong , Dong Mei , Huang Li , Wang Songlu , Wang Zhaoyi , Xu Liqing , Zhang Xiqian , Liu Fenghua
Published: January 2025

Context

Progestins have recently been used as an alternative for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues to prevent premature luteinizing hormone surge due to the application of vitrification technology. However, the long-term efficacy and safety of a progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) regimen, including oocyte competence, cumulative live birth rate (LBR), and offspring outcomes, remain to be investigated.

Objective

To compare cumulative LBR of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) cycles between a PPOS regimen and GnRH analogues.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary academic medical center. A total of 967 patients with good prognosis were categorized into 3 groups: 478 patients received a long GnRH agonist, 248 patients received a GnRH antagonist, and 250 received a PPOS regimen. Medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate was the only progestin used in the PPOS regimen. The primary outcome was cumulative LBR. Secondary outcomes included time to live birth, cumulative rates of biochemical and clinical pregnancy and pregnancy loss, and perinatal outcomes.

Results

The PPOS regimen was negatively associated with cumulative LBR compared with GnRH antagonists and GnRH agonists (28.4% vs 40.7% and 42.7%). The average time to live birth was significantly shorter with GnRH antagonists than with the PPOS regimen. The cumulative biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates were also lower in the PPOS regimen than GnRH analogues, while cumulative pregnancy loss rates were similar across groups. Furthermore, the number and ratio of good-quality blastocysts were significantly reduced in the PPOS regimen compared with GnRH analogues. In addition, perinatal outcomes were comparable across 3 groups.

Conclusion

A PPOS regimen may adversely affect cumulative LBR and blastocyst quality in women with good prognosis compared with GnRH analogues in PGT cycles.
Phenotypes Linked to Duplication Upstream of SOX9: New Insights Into Presentation and Diagnosis
Authors: Unal Edip , Tekmenuray-Unal Aysel , Cayir Atilla , Papatya Cakir Esra Deniz , Beyazit Nurcan , Kolbasi Baris , Gurpinar Tosun Busra , Yigit Gokhan , Zibat Arne , Wollnik Bernd , Demirbilek Huseyin , Guran Tulay
Published: January 2025

Context

Duplications occurring upstream of the SOX9 gene have been identified in a limited subset of patients with 46,XX testicular/ovotesticular differences/disorders of sex development (DSD). However, comprehensive understanding regarding their clinical presentation and diagnosis is limited.

Objective

To gain further insight into the diagnosis of a large cohort of 46,XX individuals with duplications upstream of SOX9.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data of 46,XX/SRY-negative individuals with SOX9 upstream duplications. Clinical data were recorded, and genetic etiologies were investigated using karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for SRY analysis, microarray analysis, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and next-generation sequencing panels including whole genome sequencing.

Results

We analyzed 12 individuals with 46,XX karyotype who had heterozygous duplications upstream of SOX9, ranging from 107 to 941 kb. Ages at diagnosis ranged from 0.1 to 55 years. Seven (58%) had testicular/ovotesticular DSD, while 5 (41%) were asymptomatic carriers detected through family screening. There was no significant correlation between duplication size and genital/gonadal phenotype. The duplication was inherited from the father (n = 3) or an asymptomatic mother (n = 2). In one family, a duplication missed by the 300K microarray was detected by MLPA and confirmed with 750K microarray.

Conclusion

46,XX individuals with SOX9 upstream duplications may exhibit no symptoms, but thorough family screening is crucial due to the potential inheritance and testicular/ovotesticular DSD risk in subsequent generations. We emphasize the effectiveness of high-resolution microarray analysis (>500K) as the primary diagnostic tool for 46,XX/SRY-negative testicular/ovotesticular DSD individuals, enabling thorough genome-wide assessment of copy number variations and detecting small alterations.
Construction of a Simplified Bone Age Assessment Model in Chinese Children Aged 3 to 18 Years
Authors: Wu Hua-hong , Zhang Ya-qin , Yu Cheng-dong , Li Yang , Shu Wen , Li Tao , Huang Gui-min , Hou Dong-qing , Chen Fang-fang , Liu Jun-ting , Li Shao-li , Zong Xin-nan
Published: January 2025

Context

Bone age assessment (BAA) is critical for pediatric endocrinology. Traditional methods are complex and time-consuming, and current computer-aided systems have made progress but still lacking in robustness.

Objective

Develop simplified BAA methods to aid pediatricians in quick clinical assessments.

Design

Overall, 5551 left-hand X-ray images were collected from a cross-sectional survey in 2022 and 2023. Bone age (BA) was assessed using the Tanner-Whitehouse 3-China/radius-ulna-short bone method. The linear regression models were constructed with BA as the dependent variable and 13 radius-ulna-short bone bones' grades as independent variables.

Setting

A cross-sectional survey in Beijing, China.

Participants

A total of 5551 children aged 3 to 18 years.

Main Outcome Measures

Model accuracy was evaluated by R², residuals, and root mean square error, and BA with an error margin ≤0.5 years.

Results

When bone grades were consistent, a single or few bones may serve as proxies for BA, such as metacarpals and phalanges reaching grade 6, the BA for boys and girls were 13.0 to 13.5 years and 10.9 to 11.5 years, respectively. When bone grades were inconsistent, regression models were needed. Comparatively, the 3-bone models have advantages and are proposed for clinically simplified BAA. The simplified 3-bone model (radius, ulna, and metacarpal I) yielded an R² > 0.94 and a root mean square error < 0.5 years. When considering puberty stages, specific bone combination models can further improve assessment accuracy.

Conclusion

These 3-bone models could be useful for rapid BAA, with improved accuracy when puberty stages is included. Further validation is warranted to test their robustness across populations and scenarios.
Meeting report ASOBIOTICS 2024: an interdisciplinary symposium on antisense-based programmable RNA antibiotics
Authors: Vogel Jorg , Faber Franziska , Barquist Lars , Sparmann Anke , Popella Linda , Ghosh Chandradhish
Published: January 2025

The international symposium ASOBIOTICS 2024 brought together scientists across disciplines to discuss the challenges of advancing antibacterial antisense oligomers (ASOs) from basic research to clinical application. Hosted by the Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI) in Wurzburg, Germany, on September 12-13th, 2024, the event featured presentations covering major milestones and current challenges of this antimicrobial technology and its applications against pathogens, commensals, and bacterial viruses. General design principles and modification of ASOs based on peptide nucleic acid (PNA) or phosphorodiamidate-morpholino-oligomer (PMO) chemistry, promising cellular RNA targets, new delivery technologies, as well as putative resistance mechanisms were discussed. A panel discussion noted the challenge of nomenclature: antibacterial ASOs lack a single, universally used name. To address this, the term “asobiotics” was proposed to unite a community of like-minded scientists that are committed to advancing ASOs as antimicrobials. A consistent name will simplify literature searches and help scientists and funders appreciate the potential of programmable RNA antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistance and enable precise microbiome editing.
Isolation and complete genome sequence of Citrobacter bacteriophage Ursula
Authors: Golomidova A.K. , Kulikov E.E. , Efimov A.D. , Belalov I.S. , Kuznetsov A.S. , Letarov A.V. , Popova L.I.
Published: January 2025

The emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens poses a significant threat to aquaculture and public health. This study presents the characterization of a novel bacteriophage, designated as Ursula, specifically targeting Citrobacter, a prominent pathogen affecting fish populations. We isolated Ursula from aquatic environments during a search for novel phages active against fish pathogens, and conducted a comprehensive analysis of its morphological, genomic, and lytic properties. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Ursula has a myovirus morphology, being a rather large T4-like phage. Genomic sequencing identified a double-stranded linear DNA genome of approximately 183 kb, containing unique genes associated with lytic activity and host recognition. This phage is related to other T4-like Citrobacter phages, being a new species.
Comparing Competitive and Recreational Table Tennis Training: Impacts on Quality of life in Older Adults - A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: To-aj Oam , Bumrungpanictarworn Apithai , Liauw Felix
Published: January 2025

Background Owing to its combination of speed, tactics, and accuracy, table tennis is becoming a sport exercise that is suitable for older adults. Casual play is fun and relaxing, and more serious table tennis might further develop skills through focused practice. Methods A randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to determine how the practice of competition compared to leisure playing affects the Quality of life (QoL) of people aged 40-70. Selecting subjects at random, one group of subjects undertook a structured competitive regimen, whereas the other group was given time to play recreationally without any structured competition. QoL was measured before and after the intervention using the WHOQOL-BREF, which measures physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-test. Results The group that received structured competition reported a marked improvement in their QoL indicators, especially in physical health (p < 0.001), psychological health (p < 0.001), and social relationships (p = 0.001), when compared to the control group, which showed few improvements. No significant differences were observed in the environmental domains in either group. Conclusions Regular competitive table tennis practice improves physical condition, emotions, and social relationships, which leads to a higher QoL in older adults. Thus, these results emphasize the utility of competitive sports in the maintenance of active and healthy aging. Registration Thai Clinical Trial Registry (TCTR) ID TCTR20250105001, registered on December 28, 2024
The genome sequence of the fever fly, Dilophus febrilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Falk Steven , McCulloch James ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: January 2025

We present a genome assembly from a female Dilophus febrilis (the fever fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Bibionidae). The genome sequence spans 305.60 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 19.01 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 12,149 protein-coding genes.
Le peuple migrateur (2001) o el documental de vida salvaje como archivo espectral.
Authors: Lajoinie-Domínguez María Teresa
Published: January 2025

El objetivo es analizar el valor archivístico del género documental de vida salvaje,
para lo cual se analizará el filme de Jacques Perrin titulado Le peuple migrateur
(2001). Se atenderá al tratamiento de los animales no humanos a partir del estudio de
las implicaciones que se derivan del título. A continuación, se analizará la narrativa
del filme a partir de las nociones de temporalidad circular, identificación emocional
e impronta, así como las implicaciones que de estas se derivan. Por último, se
concluirá proponiendo al documental como un archivo espectral de imágenes.
Para além de tormentas e licores de café: Um olhar crítico sobre o jornalismo cultural a partir da cobertura do show de Robert Plant no jornal La Región.
Authors: Cruz Fábio , Curi Guilherme
Published: January 2025

A partir de uma perspectiva crítica ao atual momento do jornalismo cultural, este
artigo analisa a cobertura do portal do jornal regional espanhol La Región do show
do músico inglês Robert Plant na cidade de Ourense, Galícia, Espanha. Ao todo,
foram analisadas as 10 matérias relacionadas ao evento. As reflexões propostas resultam principalmente a partir dos pressupostos teóricos e epistemológicos de
Roland Barthes e o conceito de fait divers aplicados à contemporaneidade.
Birefringence axis rotation and nonlinear response of a side-hole fiber
pressure sensor
Authors: Han Ming , Zhang Qi , Sheng Qiwen , Chowdhury Hasanur R. , Zhu Yupeng
Published: January 2025

The pressure-induced birefringence of side-hole fibers has been widely
explored for hydrostatic pressure measurement. This paper studies the
effects of the initial birefringence of a side-hole fiber on the
pressure response of polarimetric sensors based on side-hole fibers. A
mathematical model, where the stress field induced by the pressure is
assumed to be uniform in the core region of the fiber, was established
to calculate the birefringence and optical axis rotation as a function
of the differences between the two principal stress components of the
stress field in the core region. Simulation results show that when
there is misalignment between the initial birefringence axes and the
principal axes of the stress field, pressure changes cause rotations
of the birefringence axis, leading to complicated and nonlinear
changes of birefringence as a function of pressure. Experiments were
conducted using fiber-Bragg-grating-based resonators on side-hole
fibers with different initial birefringence, and the results
agree well with the simulation. The results underscore
the importance of the control of magnitude and direction of the
initial birefringence of the side-hole fiber and provide guidelines
for the design and fabrication of side-hole fiber pressure
sensors.