bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Walahé!”; “You should have seen it”: Validating the Truth of Wartime Absurdities in Ahmadou Kourouma’s Allah is Not Obliged
Authors: Addei Cecilia
Published: September 2018

Ahmadou Kourouma’s Allah is Not Obliged is a fiction based on the civil wars in the West African countries of Liberia and Sierra Leone as a result of the breakdown of democracy. It employs the point of view of a child narrator, Birahima, a literalist picaro, to narrate wartime atrocities. The novel, mainly a satire, employs the devices of irony and humour that allow Birahima to present his world, which is turned upside down, and morality, reversed, in a way that makes the reader laugh in spite of the horror. The reality of Birahima’s wartime experience, which has left him in a kind of developmental “limbo”, is difficult to believe to be true. However, he makes every effort in his use of language to prove the truthfulness of the absurdity he narrates. This paper considers how the protagonist/narrator Birahima’s entry into war leaves him in an absurd, cyclical limbo while he resorts in frustration to validate his absurd experience through appealing to God, folk wisdom and dictionaries.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“WALAHÉ!”; “VOCÊ TINHA QUE TER VISTO”: VALIDANDO A VERDADE DOS ABSURDOS DA GUERRA EM ALLAH IS NOT OBLIGED, DE AHMADOU KOUROUMAAllah is Not Obliged, de Ahmadou Kourouma, é uma obra de ficção baseada nas guerras civis nos países da África Ocidental Libéria e Serra Leoa resultantes do colapso da democracia. Através do ponto de vista de um narrador infantil, Birahima, um pícaro literalista, a obra narra as atrocidades da guerra. O romance, essencialmente uma sátira, emprega os recursos da ironia e do humor para permitir que Birahima apresente seu mundo deturpado e sua moralidade invertida de uma maneira que faz o leitor rir apesar do horror. É difícil aceitar como verdade a realidade que Birahima vivenciou na guerra, que deixou o seu desenvolvimento em uma espécie de limbo. No entanto, ele se utiliza da linguagem ao máximo para provar a veracidade do absurdo que ele narra. Este artigo considera como a entrada do protagonista / narrador Birahima na guerra o deixa em um limbo cíclico e absurdo, enquanto ele se frustra para validar sua experiência absurda apelando a Deus, à sabedoria popular e aos dicionários.---Artigo em inglês.
The threshold of democracy in José Saramago’s 'Seeing'
Authors: Bernardino Lígia
Published: September 2018

Seeing was written by José Saramago in 2004, and starts from the assumption that the population can start a silent backlash by casting blank votes in local elections, thus disrupting the normality of the democratic system. Between culpability and action, free choice and the decline of human rights, this book questions the authenticity of democracy as it stands in the present Western societies. Confronted with the dangers of a biopolitical manipulation, casting blank votes hints the potency of a state of exception, in which the population can exercise power based on conscience. This essay looks into the confronting positions of the ruling power and of the population that is governed by that very power.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O LIMIAR DA DEMOCRACIA EM ENSAIO SOBRE A LUCIDEZ, DE JOSÉ SARAMAGOEnsaio sobre a Lucidez> é uma obra de José Saramago publicada em 2004 que aponta como hipótese uma revolta silenciosa por parte da população ao votar em branco nas eleições autárquicas e assim desestruturar a normalidade do sistema democrático. Entre a culpabilidade e a ação, entre a livre escolha e a sonegação dos direitos humanos, esta obra questiona a autenticidade da democracia tal como é exercida atualmente nas sociedades ocidentais. Face aos perigos de uma manipulação biopolítica, votar em branco indicia a potência de um estado de exceção, em que a população possa exercer um poder baseado na consciência. Este ensaio indaga os meandros do confronto de posições entre as forças do poder instituído e a população que é governada por essas forças.---Artigo em inglês.
The Effect of Analysts' Disaggregated Forecasts on Investors and Managers: Evidence Using Pre-Tax Forecasts
Authors: Mauler Landon M.
Published: September 2018

I examine whether analysts' tax forecasts are informative to investors and whether analysts' tax forecasts impact firm behavior. Using I/B/E/S data from 2002–2014, I find that investors utilize both analysts' pre- and after-tax earnings forecasts in evaluating firm performance, indicating analysts' tax forecasts are value-relevant. Furthermore, evidence that investors discount earnings management through the income tax expense is limited to firms with tax forecast coverage. In examining the impact of analysts' tax forecasts on firm behavior, I find analysts' tax forecast coverage is positively associated with quantitative and qualitative tax footnote disclosure. The results suggest that analysts' tax forecasts are value-relevant and that analysts' tax coverage impacts firm decisions related to the income tax expense account. This evidence informs academics and practitioners as to the role of analysts' tax forecasts.
Characteristics of postmortem organ donors in N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine and the donor hospitals of FMBA of Russia (2008–2017)
Authors: Vinogradov V. L. , Khubutiya M. Sh. , Gubarev K. K. , Dulub V. G. , Zakhlevnyy A. I. , Svetlakova D. S. , Voskanyan S. E. , Samoylov A. S.
Published: September 2018

Rationale.There have been only single studies conducted in the Russian Federation to characterize the posthumous donor population.

Objective:Identifying the main characteristics of the donor pool in N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of Moscow Healthcare Department and in the State Research Center – A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, FMBA, for the period from 2008–2017.

Material and methods.The clinical records of 429 actual and effective posthumous donors were analyzed retrospectively. The following characteristics were studied: gender, age, permanent place of residence, cause of death, the duration of mechanical lung ventilation, type of donation, total number of harvested organs, and number of organs recovered per donor.

Results.There were 281 male and 148 female donors. The increase in the mean age of donors from 37 to 48.5 years was noted. Cerebrovascular disease and traumatic brain injury became the main causes of death. Since 2012, the rate of cerebrovascular diseases as the cause of donor death has increased from 30% to 70%. Of 429 actual donors, the brain death was diagnosed in 366 (85.3%). Four hundred eight deceased became effective donors. A total of 1,247 donor organs (744 kidneys, 220 livers, 42 pancreas, 2 intestines, 180 hearts, 58 lungs, and 1 facial vascularized composite allograft) were obtained. The mean number of donor organs recovered per donor was 3.06.

Conclusions.The results obtained can be used to develop unified protocols and results of posthumous donors and to assess the possible volume of transplant care. In the period 2008–2017 an increase in the average age of posthumous donors (from 38.1 to 48.7 years) due to the proportion of donors in the 18–29 age group (from 29 to 4%) and an increase in the proportion of donors in the age group over 60 (from 3 to 15%). From 2012 to 2017 (from 68 to 29%) due to an increase in the number of donors who died as a result of cerebrovascular diseases (from 30 to 71%). Among the posthumous donors delivered by ambulance teams directly to the intensive care units, 69% of the consciousness level was depressed to 5 and lower on the Glasgow coma scale.
The use of belatacept in kidney transplantation
Authors: Babenko N. N. , Goryainov V. A. , Kaabak M. M. , Nikoda V. V. , Lishova E. A.
Published: September 2018

Background. Kidney transplantation efficacy is limited by immunosuppression nephrotoxicity, antibody-mediated and chronic rejection. Avoiding immunosuppression nephrotoxicity is a promising strategy to improve long term outcomes. Belatacept, a synthetic immunoglobulin which blocks CD28-B7 pathway of T-lymphocyte costimulation, is considered as an alternative to calcineurin inhibitors in maintenance immunosuppression since it has no nephrotoxicity. Purpose: to evaluate belatacept efficacy and safety for maintenance immunosuppression therapy after kidney transplantatin based on the clinical experience.

Material and methods. From March 2017 to May 2018, we used belatacept in five kidney transplant recipients (one female and four males aged from 4 to 21 years) in the Kidney Transplantation Department of Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery Three kidneys were taken from related living donors, two kidney grafts were from deceased donors. Conversion from CNI to belatacept was performed between 6 and 112 month after transplantation. Patients were followed-up for average 12 months after conversion. We have described here these five cases, providing individual indications and the outcome of conversion.

Results. The conversion failed in two children switched to belatacept with the purpose to improve compliance. Three patients switched to belatacept because of tacrolimus toxicity demonstrated good results in one year follow up.

Conclusion. Belatacept demonstrated good results if was used instead of calcineurin inhibitors when the latter were poorly tolerated. The use of belatacept in multidrug immunosuppression in noncompliant patients was ineffective.
Dança lúdica: avaliação diagnóstica aplicada a crianças de 7 a 9 anos
Authors: Kellermann Mariana , Andrade Simei
Published: September 2018

Relato de avaliação diagnóstica sobre a percepção corporal de crianças de 7 a 9 anos de idade no ensino-aprendizagem da dança, para se apreender o grau do desenvolvimento do esquema corporal, bem como possibilidades e habilidades motoras. A pesquisa-ação foi realizada em classe de  preparatório do Curso Experimental de Formação para Bailarinos, da Escola de Teatro e Dança da Universidade Federal do Pará (ETDUFPA). Conclui-se que a avaliação diagnóstica possibilita ao professor, por meio da observação cotidiana, superar os obstáculos que a criança apresenta na aula de dança em relação a sua imagem corporal.
Matrícula antecipada no ensino fundamental por mandado de segurança: implicações para as crianças
Authors: Oliveira Sueli , Vieira Lívia
Published: September 2018

A Lei nº 11.274/2006 instituiu o ensino fundamental obrigatório com duração de nove anos, iniciando-se aos seis anos de idade. No estado de Minas Gerais, a data de corte – data de aniversário da criança para a matrícula ser efetivada – foi alterada várias vezes sem que os pais entendessem os motivos. O Poder Judiciário foi acionado para dirimir a questão da idade para a matrícula, com base nas normativas que estabeleceram a data de corte. Pais que, por mandados de segurança, obtiveram a matrícula de crianças no ensino fundamental em instituições particulares de ensino foram os sujeitos da pesquisa realizada na cidade de Poços de Caldas. Entrevista semiestruturada foi aplicada aos pais para se compreender suas percepções e concepções sobre a criança e a infância nesse contexto. Conclui-se que há um constante estado de tensão na educação da criança pequena entre preservar a infância e, ao mesmo tempo, tornar a criança competente, pensando no futuro mercado de trabalho.
Criança: sujeito eu-brinquedo – representações da cultura lúdica na educação infantil
Authors: Domingues Camila , Noronha Vânia
Published: September 2018

Análise teórica sobre as representações culturais percebidas na relação entre crianças e brincadeiras, em especial aquelas possibilitadas pelos brinquedos construídos por elas mesmas. É apresentada a expressão “criança: sujeito eubrinquedo” para caracterizar a interação da própria criança em simbiose com objetos que ludicamente permitem que ela (re)construa seu mundo. A brincadeira é entendida como direito das crianças, e a experiência lúdica deve ser privilegiada nos currículos escolares da educação infantil, em consonância com os documentos legais para essa etapa da escolarização.
Entre o observado e o imaginado: do arco-íris à mecânica quântica
Authors: Campos Alexandre
Published: September 2018

Se, por um lado, é na escola que se deve almejar a alfabetização científica, no sentido de o aluno ser apresentado à cultura científica, por outro, deve-se reconhecer que ele é portador de uma cultura própria, a infantil. Assim, durante o processo de apreensão da realidade, essas culturas atuam mutuamente, influenciando aquilo que se observa e a representação daquilo que se observa. É na psicologia cognitiva que nos apoiaremos para analisar os aspectos da realidade presentes nas representações das crianças na faixa dos 8 aos 10 anos sobre o fenômeno da difração. Com esse fim, algumas atividades foram realizadas para que as crianças observassem e registrassem possíveis diferenças entre espectros contínuos e discretos. A análise dos desenhos se deu por inferência, mediante possíveis aspectos da realidade (física, cotidiana ou da cultura infantil). Os resultados sugerem prevalência da cotidiana.
SOME BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS AND DISTRIBUTION OF CASPIAN ORDINARY SPRAT SPECIES - CLUPEONELLA DELICATULA CASPIA SVETOVIDOV
Authors: Kanatev Sergei Vladimirovich , Aseinova Aliya Ahmetovna , Paritskiy Yuriy Aleksandrovich , Razinkov Vjacheslav Petrovich
Published: September 2018

The global environmental changes that occurred in the Caspian Sea in the last decade, as well as the population outbreak of Mnemiopsis leidyi invasive from the Black Sea resulted in extinction of the most important food item of endemic sprat species, which caused biological wellbeing of ordinary sprat. The data of multi-year observations obtained in the course of studying the abundance and biology of the species have been generalized in order to improve methods and fishing gear and to organize ordinary sprat fishery. The article presents study results of ordinary sprat’s behavior. The analysis has revealed that ordinary sprat is less photophilous in strong light zones, compared to anchovy sprat, and forms exploitable concentrations under the light exposure from 45 min and longer. In the light field ordinary sprat species keep away from the light source and create a second ring at a distance 0.8-2.5 m from the light bulb. The fish aggregation in the light field of the DNaT 400 lamp occurs at smaller exposures than of the SC-102 lamp. The experiment with concurrent use of two different light sources demonstrates some preference of monochromatic light collecting in its light field up to 75% fishes of the total number. The contrast of light and shade created by a light source with a partially darkened bulb changes the fish behavior and increases the density of their aggregation in the light sector near the bulb of the lamp. According to the study results, the article presents considerations concerning new fishing gear in fishing industry that allow to regulate fish species composition in the catch in the Caspian Sea with an increase in the proportion of ordinary sprat.
FISH POPULATION OF GORNOSLINKINSKAYA RIVERBED DEPRESSION OF THE LOWER IRTYSH IN WINTER PERIOD
Authors: Volosnikov Gleb Igorevich , Chemagin Andrey Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2018

Fish distribution was studied using sonar computerized complex in the deep part of the water column of Gornoslinkinskaya riverbed depression in winter. In the horizontal aspect there was estimated the number of fish registrations, in the vertical aspect the fish density was analyzed in three conditional horizons of the water column: surface, pelagic, bottom. Additionally, the bathymetric characteristics of the riverbed depression in the fish registration areas were evaluated. In the study period the depths were lower than 40 m. On the trajectory of the planned research route there were drilled holes in ice with a motor-drill (screw D=200 mm). Hydroacoustic survey was performed for each drilled hole. To control the species composition control fishing was carried out by gillnets. The hydroacoustic survey files were further processed in the laboratory using AsCor and Taxonomy applications for carrying out dimensional-taxonomic identification of fish. It has been established that fish inhabits the water area of the riverbed depression non-uniformly, both horizontally and vertically. The density of fish in the horizons of the investigated water area is distributed in descending order: pelagic - 105 sp./ha, bottom - 61 sp./ha, surface - 18 sp./ha. The features of the taxonomic distribution of fish are the following: in the surface horizon there are not found percid species and non-identified fish, their shares are decreasing from the bottom to pelagic horizons. The groups of cyprinids and whitefish-pike fish are registered throughout the water column of the riverbed depression: their shares increase from the bottom to the surface. The uneven distribution of different taxonomic fish groups in the investigated water area can be explained by the ecological features of different species in winter, as well as their trophic-defensive behavior.
FEATURES OF HYDRAULICS OF THE RIVER SECTORS WITH RIVERBED WINTERING HOLES OF THE IRTYSH IN OPEN WATER PERIOD
Authors: Chemagin Andrey Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2018

The article describes features of the hydraulics of the Irtysh riverbed in the sections of significant fish concentrations -wintering holes - in the open water period. There have been explored the waters of the largest (in area and in depth) Gornoslinkinskaya and Kondinskaya riverbed depressions located in the Uvat and Khanty-Mansi districts of the Tyumen region and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District, respectively. The bathymetric characteristics of wintering holes were studied using computerized hydroacoustic complex AsCor (Promgidroakustika, Ltd., Petrozavodsk). To create the bottom relief of riverbeds there were used geographic information software programs Surfer 9.0 and Map Viewer 6.0. The study of the species composition of the fish population was carried out conducting control catches with stationary and drift nets. It has been found that, as a result of the combination of features of the riverbed, on the investigated sectors there is formed a complex hydrodynamic and turbulent environment. The holes are located on meanders with coefficients of high curvature of the bend of a channel, there have been found the ranges with narrowing channels at the entrance into the turn. In the process of the channel narrowing there occurs deepening of dynamic river flow axis and eroding of the bottom, which may prevent silting of the wintering holes. Significant differences in the depths cause a compensating current. Due to the bend of the riverbed in the water areas there are formed whirlpool zones, and arising transverse water currents close the surface and bottom streams of the river flow. The heterogeneous hydrodynamic environment of the Kondinskaya depression is complicated by the fact that the Konda flows into the bend of the Irtysh; as a result, there takes place an exchange of river impulses. Thus, when the longitudinal flow velocity is imposed on the transverse flows, there appears a spiral movement of the water masses and vertical vortex structures - whirlpools resulting in optical (turbidity) and turbulent (hydrodynamic) heterogeneity in the water column of the riverbed wintering holes.
DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL AND REGULATORY STATUS OF RESTRICTED ESTUARINE AREA OF THE VOLGA IN FISHING REGULATIONS FOR THE VOLGA-CASPIAN BASIN (ASTRAKHAN REGION) AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON POLICING ITS BORDERS
Authors: Barabanov Vitaliy Victorovich , Nikiforov Sergey Yurievich
Published: September 2018

The protected area having the particular legal and regulatory status of restricting fishing in its waters has been set up to preserve and rationally use fish stocks within boundaries of the Volga estuarine area. The article presents the analysis of fishing regulations for the Volga-Caspian basin (Astrakhan region) in terms of establishing the boundaries of restricted estuarine area of the Volga. There has been given the dynamics of forming modern borders of the restricted estuarine area of the Volga, according to which, the square of its water area has decreased by 10 times over the last century. It has been noted that the establishment of river and sea boundaries of the restricted estuarine area of the Volga was based on two important principles: the first (permanent) - with reference to fixed objects (settlements, islands, etc.) or to geographical coordinates; the second (dynamic) - to the isobathic curves of depths. The second principle implies to annually revise the river and sea boundaries of the restricted estuarine area of the Volga depending on fluctuations of the Caspian Sea level. In the context of current dynamics of delta development (annual changes in depths of the lower reaches of the delta and avandelta of the Volga river) it has been recommended to use the second principle of the establishment of river and sea boundaries of the restricted estuarine area of the Volga. It has been offered to set annually the boundaries of the restricted estuarine area of the Volga according to the actual boundary of kultuk zone of the Volga delta, and its sea boundaries - according to 1.5 - meter isobathe after ice breaking.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF BREEDING RUSSIAN STURGEON FINGERLINGS WITH WEIGHT 0.3 - 30 G IN POOLS WITH RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEM
Authors: Elhetawy Ashraf  , Sudakova Nataliya Viktorovna , Anokhina Adelya Zakirovna , Vasilieva Lidia Mikhailovna
Published: September 2018

The improvement of production processes of sturgeon rearing in the pools with recirculating aquaculture systems is relevant today due to fast development of the industrial methods of commercial sturgeon breeding. The most complicated stage of commercial sturgeon breeding refers to early development of hydrobionts, when changing to exogenous feed and transition from live feed to dry pelleted feed. There have been studied the characteristics of technological processes (sorting, seeding density, feeding) of breeding Russian sturgeon fingerlings with mass from 0.3 g to 30 g. Periodicity of sorting by three size-weight parameters was determined by different size of fingerlings. It has been inferred that the maximum fish growth rate is not favorable, because, to reach it there will be greater feed consumption. There have been worked out the general technological parameters recommended for growing Russian sturgeon fingerlings with mass from 0.3 g to 30 g in the pools with recirculating aquaculture systems. It has been shown that adherence to recommended technological parameters (water level, water temperature, oxygen saturation, seeding density, feeding rate) allows to reach 65% survival capacity of 30 g Russian sturgeon fingerlings that have fully changed to artificial mixed feed.
Proyectos sociales deportivos, carreras de deportistas y ex-deportistas y el don entre extraños
Authors: Guedes Simoni Lahud
Published: September 2018

En este artí­culo, propongo analizar los cambios ocurridos desde 1994 en las representaciones colectivas sobre la selección brasileña de fútbol. Argumento que el aumento extraordinario de la mercantilización del fútbol profesional, en especial en Europa, transformó a los jugadores en multimillonarios que residen en el exterior, condición que dificulta la relación metoní­mica establecida, anteriormente, entre la selección nacional brasileña y el pueblo de Brasil. Establezco una conexión entre esas representaciones y el gran número de proyectos sociales deportivos emprendidos en Brasil por atletas de alto rendimiento, entre ellos jugadores que fueron parte de la selección brasileña de fútbol en las Copas del Mundo de la Federación Internacional de Fútbol Asociado (FIFA), en especial a partir de 1994. Estos datos son interpretados a partir de la teorí­a del don de Marcel Mauss. Además, se realizó una comparación con datos argentinos sobre proyectos sociales deportivos que, arrojó luz sobre el caso brasileño.
Confirmada la presencia de Garidella nigellastrum L. en Madrid
Authors: Martínez Labarga Juan Manuel
Published: September 2018

Se confirma en Madrid la presencia de esta rara e interesante especie, perteneciente a la familia Ranunculaceae, de la que hasta hace poco más de una década no había constancia de su presencia. Se aporta información sobre su estatus de conservación en la región.
Sobre el mercado y las democracias: una propuesta de Komar y Melamid
Authors: Aznar Almazán Yayo
Published: September 2018

A partir de una propuesta de Komar y Melamid, People’s Choice, este artículo desarrolla un paralelismo entre la posición de las personas ante el tema del gusto en el mundo del arte, en el que la afirmación de que la obra de arte es una mercancía fetiche hace mucho tiempo que está aceptada, y la posición de esas mismas personas en unas democracias  supuestamente “desideologizadas”; tan supuestamente que al final pueden ser el lugar en el que el engaño y la promesa se dan cita.
Development of Foreign Language Speaking Skills through the Application of the Dynamic Model of Speech Production and Activating Methods
Authors: Pčolinská Adriana , Metruk Rastislav
Published: September 2018

The present time places considerable demands on the process of foreign language education both in the field of communication and information transfer. Teachers, occupying a pivotal role in this process, are not able to proceed with simple, lay approaches and methods. It has become more and more important to apply sophisticated approaches and methods in teaching which are based on primary and secondary researches. This paper discusses the Dynamic Model of Speech Production as a specific approach to EFL teaching. Furthermore, the application of activating methods in the process of teaching English as a foreign language is examined from the standpoint of gender, country, length of teaching practice, and type of university. The data was collected using a questionnaire about the use and the frequency of occurrence of activating methods, which was completed by 82 university teachers from the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic.
Second Language Acquisition of the English Dative Alternation by Native Speakers of Arabic
Authors: Aljadani Anwar S.
Published: September 2018

This paper reports on an experimental study that investigates the influence of the disparity between English and Arabic on second language acquisition, namely the phenomenon of the acquisition of the English dative alternation by Arab learners. The disallowance of certain Arabic verbs to occur in the double object dative structure causes difficulty for Arab learners to acquire English as far as the acquisition of the dative alternation is concerned. The experiment is devised to examine whether Arab learners are sensitive to syntactic and semantic properties associated with the English dative alternation. The experiment involved picture tasks with two structures: the prepositional dative structure and the double object dative structure. Overall, the results of the experiment show that the L2 learners failed to acquire the double object dative structure which does not exist in their L1. Based on these results, it is argued that L1 has an important effect on the acquisition of L2.
The Contentious Debate over the Language Literature Division
Authors: Mart Cagri Tugrul
Published: September 2018

In the early 20th century literature was woven into language curriculum to endorse learners to acquire language structures and perform drills successfully. The actual use of the target language upstaged grammar instruction as the primary focus of language learning in the fields of language pedagogy. In the late 1960s and 1970s literature fell into disuse on the grounds that it was not in conformity with standard grammar rules and the widespread perception was that literature was complex and inaccessible for learners. In the late 1970s and 1980s a decisive swing against literature was experienced and literature came into prominence to enable learners to make huge leaps in language learning. Learners can reap many benefits from the inclusion of literature in foreign language teaching. In attempting to support their arguments of incorporating literature into language teaching a considerable number of researchers offer a number of reasons why literature is an ideal medium for extending language use. By means of inclusion of literature in language teaching, learners are at an advantage to acquire profound knowledge of language. The present paper investigates the language-literature division and focuses on the three phases with regard to the inclusion of literature in language teaching. The supportive role of literature in the development of language awareness is another issue the paper deals with.
Soft planning for soft spaces. Concept of Poznań metropolitan area development – a case study
Authors: Kaczmarek Tomasz
Published: September 2018

The article presents the essence, goals and instruments of soft (informal, non-statutory) spatial planning, developed in the countries of Western Europe and relatively new in Poland. It targets areas with fuzzy borders (soft spaces) and areas between administration tiers. The article presents conceptual issues and non-formal planning tools used in Western Europe. The planning approaches which are generally described as “soft” are characterised by non-formalised and non-binding procedures, and by their focus on achieving a consensus. In the first part of the article presents the conceptual issues and further informal planning instruments used in Western European countries at different spatial scales The following section presents deficits of spatial planning of metropolitan areas and - against this background - the legitimacy of creating informal plans in Poland, using Metropolia Poznań as an example
Cartographic presentation – from simple to complex map
Authors: Korycka-Skorupa Jolanta , Nowacki Tomasz
Published: September 2018

Nowadays a lot of people are trying to make maps, and especially digital maps. A wide range of computer tools and high graphic capabilities have together made maps increasingly popular and seemingly easy to prepare for any person who can use a computer. It seems necessary to verify the bases of the cartographic presentation methods. There is a need for a new, formalized view of the method as a sequence of steps from data collection, to correct presentation, to map. Two terms related to cartographic presentation should be distinguished in this article: “methods” and “forms.” A method is understood as the process by which data is transformed into a presentation. A form is understood as the end result of this process, i.e. the resulting graphical image or map. In the article five types of cartographic presentation are indicated. In the successive types, one can observe an increasing degree of complexity of cartographic presentation.
Market Forecasts and Client Behavioral Data: Towards Finding Adequate Model Complexity
Authors: Deac Dan Stelian , Schebesch Klaus Bruno
Published: September 2018

Using efficient marketing strategies for understanding and improving the relation between vendors and clients rests upon analyzing and forecasting a wealth of data which appear at different time resolutions and at levels of aggregation. More often than not, market success does not have consistent explanations in terms of a few independent influence factors. Indeed, it may be difficult to explain why certain products or services tend to sell well while others do not. The rather limited success of finding general explanations from which to draw specific conclusions good enough in order to generate forecasting models results in our proposal to use data driven models with no strong prior hypothesis concerning the nature of dependencies between potentially relevant variables. If the relations between the data are not purely random, then a general or flexible enough data driven model will eventually identify them. However, this may come at a high cost concerning computational resources and with the risk of overtraining. It may also preclude any useful on-line or real time applications of such models. In order to remedy this, we propose a modeling cycle which provides information about the adequacy of a model complexity class and which also highlights some nonstandard measures of expected model performance.
Perfil de un grupo de audiencia universitaria en México según su participación ciudadana, confianza en las instituciones e interacción cívica en los medios en 2017
Authors: Gutiérrez-Rentería María-Elena , Santana Josefina C. , López-Hernández Carlos , Pérez-Ayala Madero Martha-Guadalupe , Hellmueller Lea
Published: September 2018

Esta investigación de enfoque cuantitativo muestra las singularidades de una audiencia universitaria en México en 2017, medida según su participación cívica, la valoración que da a las instituciones y la actuación interactiva que tiene con los medios respecto a temas sociales y políticos. La población encuestada estuvo formada por 1,195 jóvenes adultos de 23 años de edad promedio y que forma parte de la comunidad universitaria  situada en Jalisco, Ciudad de México y Aguascalientes. Los resultados muestran que la participación offline de capital social fue más significativa que la online. Las instituciones que tuvieron índice aprobatorio fueron las religiosas, las universidades y los medios de comunicación. En este ámbito, existieron diferencias significativas al evaluarlas entre grupos de edad y según el sexo. Esta audiencia tuvo rasgos de ser pasiva y conservadora respecto a su consumo informativo y reflejó apatía para manifestar su opinión en los medios de comunicación del país.
Identification ofPlasmodiumGAPDH epitopes for generation of antibodies that inhibit malaria infection
Authors: Cha Sung-Jae , McLean Kyle Jarrod , Jacobs-Lorena Marcelo
Published: September 2018

Plasmodiumsporozoite liver infection is an essential step for parasite development in its mammalian host. Previously, we used a phage display library to identify mimotope peptides that bind to Kupffer cells and competitively inhibit sporozoite–Kupffer cell interaction. These peptides led to the identification of a Kupffer cell receptor—CD68—and aPlasmodiumsporozoite ligand—GAPDH—that are required for sporozoite traversal of Kupffer cells and subsequent infection of hepatocytes. Here, we report that the C-terminal end ofPlasmodiumGAPDH interacts with the Kupffer CD68 receptor, and identify two epitopes within this region as candidate antigens for the development of antibodies that inhibitPlasmodiuminfection.
Systematic List of Genus Megophrys Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1822 (Amphibia : Anura : Megophryidae) in Meghalaya, North-East India with a discussion on the Distribution of M. wuliangshanensis Ye and Fei, 1995 in India
Authors: Kharkongor Ilona Jacinta , Saikia Bhaskar , Deb Rita
Published: September 2018

The recent descriptions and range extensions of many species of genus Megophrys have raised the number of species in Meghalaya from two to eight. While M. boettgeri was removed from the faunal list of India in 2013, a recent report on its occurrence in Meghalaya needs to be verified. Considerable doubts have been raised regarding the range extension of M. wuliangshanensis into India in recent years. Discussions on the distributional records of this species from India are provided and re-examination of a few specimens identified as M. wuliangshanensis by previous workers have also been done. A common name for M. oropedion is also proposed.
New record of the genus Discoelius Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Kerala
Authors: Kumar P. Girish , Sureshan P. M. , Manju P.
Published: September 2018

The genus Discoelius is reported here for the first time from Kerala with the species, D. vasukii Pannure and Carpenter, 2017. Symbiotic association with mites is observed and a key to species of India and an updated checklist of Oriental species are also provided.
Multi-Segment Foot Modeling for Human Animation
Authors: Park Hwangpil , Yu Ri , Lee Jehee
Published: September 2018

We present a multi-segment foot model and its control method for the simulation of realistic bipedal behaviors. The ground reaction force is the only source of control for a biped that stands and walks on its feet. The foot is the body part that interacts with the ground and produces appropriate actuation to the body. Foot anatomy features 26 bones and many more muscles that play an important role in weight transmission, balancing posture and assisting ambulation. Previously, the foot model was often simplified into one or two rigid bodies connected by a revolute joint. We propose a new foot model consisting of multiple segments to accurately reproduce human foot shape and its functionality. Based on the new model, we developed a foot pose controller that can reproduce foot postures that are generally not obtained in motion capture data. We demonstrate the validity of our foot model and the effectiveness of our foot controller with a variety of foot motions in a physics-based simulation.
IDENTIFIKASI PERUBAHAN MINERAL SELAMA PROSES PEMANASAN PELET KOMPOSIT NIKEL DENGAN ANALISIS DIFRAKSI SINAR X ( IDENTIFICATION OF MINERAL CHANGES DURING HEATING OF NICKEL COMPOSITE USING X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS )
Authors: Nur Vita Permatasari  , Adji Kawigraha  , Abdul Hapid  , Nurhadi Wibowo
Published: September 2018

Logam nikel didapat dari proses pengolahan bijih nikel yang salah satunya adalah saprolit. Pada penelitian ini proses reduksi pelet komposit yang merupakan masa campuran bijih nikel serta batubara kadar rendah dan bahan tambahan dilakukan dalam tungku tabung. Proses reduksi dilakukan pada temperatur 450 Â°C, 700 Â°C serta 1100 Â°C selama 0 jam. Proses reduksi juga dilakukan pada temperatur yang lebih tinggi yaitu 1300 Â°C namun dengan pemanasan terlebih dahulu pada temperatur 700 Â°C dan ditahan pada 1 jam dan 2 jam. Produk pelet komposit dianalisis dengan metode difraksi sinar X untuk mengetahui kandungan mineralnya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemanasan pelet komposit menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan warna dari warna coklat menjadi abu-abu. Pemanasan juga menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan komposisi mineral dari masing-masing pelet. Mineral-mineral yang terdapat dalam pelet komposit dan produknya adalah antigorit, klinoklor, kuarsa, enstatit, forsterit,gutit, hematit, magnetit, nikel dan besi. Pemanasan pelet pada temperatur rendah yang lebih lama akan menghasilkan jumlah logam besi yang lebih rendah.

Nickel is obtained from saprolite through nickel ore processing. In this study, reduction of composite pellet has been done in a tube furnace. The pellet comsist of nickel ore, coal and additive. The reduction process carried out at 450ËšC, 700ËšC and 1100ËšC for 0 hour. Moreover the reduction is also carried out at 700 Â°C during 1 and 2 hours followed by heating at 1300ËšC for 2 and 1 hours. Reduction product was analyzed by X-Ray diffraction to determine the mineral content. The results indicate that the heating causing color changes from red brown to gray. Heating changes the mineral composition of the pellet. The minerals are antigorite, clinoclore, quartz, enstatite, forsterite, goethite, hematite, magnetite, nickel and iron. Heating the pellets at low temperature longer will produce lower iron.
PROSES PENGAMBILAN DATA DAN PEMANFAATAN GEOLISTRIK METODA 4-D UNTUK PEMETAAN GEOLOGI BAWAH PERMUKAAN
Authors: AGUS KUSWANTO KUSWANTO  , Wahyu Garinas  , Syabarudin Zikri
Published: September 2018

Geoelectricas as a method and tool for exploration has been started since the 1900s.The development of computer technology at this time makes the application of geoelectric method is now becoming more popular.The application of geoelectric methodsÂ  usually for groundwater exploration but now widely used for mineral exploration and engineering geology.Today's inversion technique uses many geo-electric methods with 3-D configurations. The process of selecting the geoelectric method is important so that we can choose to use it. This research was conducted to utilize 4-D geoelectric method to identify object dynamics: waste seepage, soil density and groundwater. The application of this method (4-D) was identified to be used for monitoring and detecting potential flow of a fluid or sediment.

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Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Biji dan Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya Linn) terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total dan Trigliserida Tikus Putuh Jantan Galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diberi Diet Tinggi Lemak
Authors: YANTI ESA PUTRI RIDHA
Published: September 2018

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang.  Di Indonesia angka kejadian penyakit kardiovaskuler menunjukkan peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun dan salah satu faktor resikonya adalah hiperlipidemia terutama hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian menyatakan bahwa kandungan biji pepaya yang berpotensi menyebabkan efek hiperkolesterolemik adalah flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin. Pada skrining fitokimia untuk daun pepaya menunjukkan adanya alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, dan glukosida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak biji pepaya dan ekstrak daun pepaya terhadap kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang diberi diet tinggi lemak.

Metode.  Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Post Test Only Control Group design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan metode simple random sampling. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah 32 ekor tikus Rattus norvegicus putih jantan yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok control negative, kelompok hewan coba yang diberi diet tinggi lemak, kelompok hewan coba yang diberi diet tinggi lemak dan ekstrak daun papaya, dan kelompok hewan coba yang diberi diet tinggi lemak dan ekstrak biji papaya. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biokimia Universitas Hang Tuah Surabaya.

Hasil.  Hasil analisis Kruskal – Wallis dan One Way Anova test menunjukkan penurunan kadar trigliserida dan kolesterol total yang tidak signifikan pada kelompok yang diberi diet ekstrak daun pepaya dan kelompok yang diberi ekstrak biji pepaya (p >0,05).

Kesimpulan.  Pemberian ekstrak biji papaya dan ekstrak daun tidak menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida.

Kata Kunci : Trigliserida, Kolesterol Total, Diet Tinggi Lemak, Ekstrak Biji Pepaya, Ekstrak Daun Pepaya.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kulit Buah Alpukat (Persea Americana) Terhadap Kadar Malondialdehida (MDA) Jaringan Hepar Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Dosis Tinggi
Authors: PRATIWI YUNITA SURYA , PRABOWO SULISTIANA
Published: September 2018

Administration of high-dose paracetamol may increase metabolic pathways that produce N-acetyl-p-benzoquinonimine (NAPQI). NAPQI is reactive substance, resulting in hepatic tissue damage and increase liver MDA level. Avocado peel extract contains flavonoids that act as antioxidants so it is expected may decrease liver MDA level of high-dose paracetamol administration.

This research used 24 male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups: group of rats fed with standard food, group of rats given paracetamol 1,750 mg/kg BW on day 8, and group of rats given avocado peel extract 1,400 mg/kg/day for 8 days and paracetamol 1750mg/kg BW on day 8. Liver MDA levels were checked on day 9 by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method.

The One-Way ANOVA test showed that the liver MDA level of the group of rats given high dose of paracetamol (=312.38±47.830 nmol/g) was significantly higher (p = 0.001) compared to the liver MDA level of the group of rats fed with standard food (=184.50±57.021 nmol/g). The liver MDA level of group of rats given high-dose paracetamol and avocado peel extract (=268.50±91.834 nmol/g) did not significantly decrease (p =0.213) compared to the liver MDA level of group of rats given high dose of paracetamol (=312.38±47.830 nmol/g).

The conclusion of this research showed that high-dose paracetamol significantly increased liver MDA level and avocado peel extract tend to decrease liver MDA level because avocado peel consists flavonoid, hydroxynnamic acid, keratinoid, vitamin C, dan vitamin E that function as antioxidants.

 

Keywords: Paracetamol, MDA, Persea americana
Teaching Asian and African Languages in Ca’ Foscari (1868-1929)
Authors: Pedani Maria Pia
Published: September 2018

The Royal High School of Commerce in Venice was created just when the Suez Canal was opened. Its aim was to prepare young people for international trade or a consular career. Thus, also some languages spoken in the East began to be taught (Arabic, Turkish and Japanese) but the idea was to enlarge this offer with Chinese, Persian and also Amharic. The first years were difficult: courses were opened and closed according to the presence of students or professors who could teach them.
Ca’ Foscari and Pakistan
Thirty Years of Achaeological Surveys and Excavations in Sindh and Las Bela (Balochistan)
Authors: Biagi Paolo
Published: September 2018

This paper regards the research carried out by the Italian Archaeological Mission in Sindh and Las Bela province of Balochistan (Pakistan). Until the mid ’80s the prehistory of the two regions was known mainly from the impressive urban remains of the Bronze Age Indus Civilisation and the Palaeolithic assemblages discovered at the top of the limestone terraces that estend south of Rohri in Upper Sindh. Very little was known of other periods, their radiocarbon chronology, and the Arabian Sea coastal zone. Our knowledge radically changed thanks to the discoveries made during the last three decades by the Italian Archaeological Mission. Thanks to the results achieved in these years, the key role played by the north-western regions of the Indian Subcontinent in prehistory greatly improved.
Pengaruh Kepuasan Pasien Pada Kualitas Layanan Rawat Inap Terhadap Niat Discharge Against Medical Advice (Dama) (Studi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Pare Kabupaten Kediri)
Authors: Satriyono Gandung , Kristanti Desi
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze patient satisfaction on the quality of inpatient services to DAMA (Discharge Against Medical Advice) intentions in the Pare District General Hospital of Kediri Regency. The results of the analysis of physician interaction quality data obtained significance values (P = 0.018 <α = 0.05), with the physician attitude indicator of significance value (P = 0.694> α = 0.05); indicator of physician behavior (P = 0.002 <α = 0.05); indicator of physician expertise (P = 0.027 <α = 0.05). Thus the quality of the doctor's interaction influences the patient's intention to go home. The results of data analysis on the quality of nurse interaction (P = 0.040 <α = 0.05) with indicators of nurse attitudes (P = 0.179> α = 0.05), indicators of nurse behavior (P = 0.023 <α = 0.05), indicators of expertise nurses (P = 0.034 <α = 0.05. Thus the quality of the interaction of nurses affects the intention of the patient to go home. The results of the influence of physical environmental quality on the patient's intention to go home forced (P = 0.177> α = 0.05), thus the quality The environment does not affect the intention of the patient to go home forced.The results of the effect of the quality of the results on the patient's intention to go home forcibly (P = 0.266> α = 0.05) Thus the quality of the results does not affect the patient's intention to go home. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kepuasan pasien pada kualitas layanan rawat inap terhadap niat DAMA (Discharge Against Medical Advice) di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Pare Kabupaten Kediri. Hasil analisis data kualitas interaksi dokter diperoleh nilai signifikansi (P = 0,018 < α = 0,05), dengan indikator sikap dokter nilai signifikansi (P = 0,694 > α = 0,05); indikator  perilaku dokter (P = 0,002 < α = 0,05); indikator keahlian dokter (P = 0,027 < α = 0,05). Dengan demikian kualitas interaksi dokter berpengaruh terhadap niat pasien pulang paksa. Hasil analisis data kualitas interaksi perawat (P = 0,040 < α = 0,05) dengan indikator sikap perawat (P = 0,179 > α = 0,05), indikator perilaku perawat (P = 0,023 < α = 0,05), indikator keahlian perawat (P = 0,034 < α = 0,05. Dengan demikian kualitas interaksi perawat berpengaruh terhadap niat pasien pulang paksa. Hasil pengaruh kualitas lingkungan fisik terhadap niat pasien untuk pulang paksa (P = 0,177 > α = 0,05), dengan demikian kualitas lingkungan tidak berpengaruh terhadap niat pasien untuk pulang paksa. Hasil pengaruh kualitas hasil terhadap niat pasien untuk pulang paksa (P = 0,266 > α = 0,05). Dengan demikian kualitas hasil tidak berpengaruh terhadap niat pasien pulang paksa.