bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Use of Borehole Acoustic Televiewer (ATV) for Structural Interpretation of Unconformity-Related Uranium Deposits
Authors: Benedicto Antonio , Harrison Grant , Eccles Brandon , Ledru Patrick
Published: March 2021

The structural controls on unconformity-related uranium deposits of the Athabasca basin, Saskatchewan, Canada, are a matter of debate regarding the role of inherited fault systems and their reactivation. This can be related to the lack of outcrops allowing for direct observations, the strong clay alteration halos wrapping deposits that often obliterate structures, and the poor core recovery related to drilling strongly altered and mineralized intervals, which limits observation of structures and reliable oriented measurements. Borehole imaging technology is an invaluable alternative for obtaining oriented data through challenging drilling intervals. The use of borehole Acoustic Televiewer (ATV) has been integrated in recent exploratory campaigns in the Athabasca basin by Orano Canada. Here, we present the inputs and benefits of the use of the ATV in the exploration of unconformity-related uranium deposits and the structural analysis of oriented data from seven inclined diamond drill holes completed in 2016 during the McClean project (Sue deposits). The main objectives were to precisely identify the structural controls of the basement-hosted mineralization, and to test the tool in a well-known site. This work shows the applicability and added value of using televiewer probes to provide reliable oriented data in zones where there is much less information available. The ATV data structural interpretation supports the concept of mineralization of dilational jogs opening during preexisting shear-related foliation under right-lateral reverse fault reactivation. The ATV provides robust oriented data, allowing for a better understanding of the meaning of flat-lying mineralized structures along the Sue trend.
Seedling and Adult Plant Resistance in the Ethiopian Bread Wheat Landraces to Stripe Rust Disease
Authors: Yirga Fikrte , Badebo Ayele , Dejene Mashila
Published: March 2021

High yielding farmers’ bread wheat cultivars are threatened by emerging race(s) of stripe (yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) in the highlands of Ethiopia. In depletion of rust resistance in commercial cultivars, researchers often look for new sources from close relatives and landraces. The objective of this study was to determine stripe rust resistance in selected Ethiopian bread wheat landraces obtained from the Ethiopian Institute of Biodiversity (IBCE). In 2017, a total of 152 accessions were exposed to the prevailing stripe rust races in hot spot areas (Kulumsa and Meraro) in Arsi zone of Oromia region. In the second year (2018), only promising landraces (57) were evaluated both at seedling and adult plant growth stages. The seedling test was conducted in the greenhouse at Kulumsa research center using three (PstS2 (v32), (PstS11) and (PstS11 v25) Pst races. In field evaluations, terminal severity (TRS), coefficient of infection (CI), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), disease progress rate (DPR) and head infection (HI) were considred. High disease pressure was noted with 100% severity on susceptible entries at both locations and seasons. Highly significant (P<0.001) differences were noted among the landraces for all disease parameters indicated above. Of the 152 landraces, 57(38%) exhibited lower or equal disease reaction compared to the resistant check(Enkoy) across locations. Overall, 18 accessions showed resistance to the prevailing Pst races both at seedling stage and field conditions whereas14 exhibited susceptible /intermediate reaction at seedling stage, but had lower disease reaction under field conditions. This study has identified potential sources of overall and adult plant resistance in the Ethiopian bread wheat landraces to the prevailing Pst races. The authors recommend further studies to determine the diversity and/or novelity of resistance genes in selected accessions. Future wheat improvement should focus on utilization of these genetic resources to minimize the re-current outbreak of rust diseases.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 14, No. 4
Authors: Duran Kevin
Published: March 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2021
The Relationship Between Board Composition and the Ratings Given to Green Bonds: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Lippi Andrea
Published: March 2021

Due to the growing number of green bond issues, a lack of mandatory standards and thus the growing phenomenon of greenwashing, an increasingly greater role is assumed by external auditors who are called upon to certify the ‘greenness’ of green bonds. These include rating agencies, which may be called on to express a green rating for each issue of green bonds. Based on a unique dataset made up of 66 green bond issues together with their respective green ratings from 2015 to 2020, the aim of this paper is to test the relationship between issuers’ board compositions and the green rating assigned to each bond issue. The results obtained confirm some conclusions already present in the existing literature and also open a new field of research concerning the green bond market, which has so far been little analysed, especially with reference to corporate governance.
Vergoeding van shockschade sinds de invoering van de Wet vergoeding affectieschade
Authors: Overheul A.M.
Published: March 2021

Vergoeding van shockschade sinds de invoering van de Wet vergoeding affectieschade. Een greep uit en op de rechtspraktijk

In deze bijdrage wordt middels een eerste, verkennende jurisprudentieanalyse inzichtelijk gemaakt wat speelt op het gebied van vergoeding van immateriële schade in de context van shockschade na inwerkingtreding van de Wet vergoeding affectieschade. De uitspraken zijn geanalyseerd op basis van de cumulatie van de shock- en affectieschadevordering, de hoogte van de vergoeding van immateriële schade in geval van een shockschadevordering, de niet-ontvankelijkheid van de shockschadevordering, het confrontatievereiste en het vereiste van geestelijk letsel. Aan dit laatste vereiste komt in deze bijdrage bijzondere aandacht toe bij bespreking van het juridisch kader.
Procesrechtelijke aspecten van de vordering benadeelde partij in het strafproces: welk wetboek gaat daar eigenlijk over?
Authors: Dieben Th.O.M. , Pluimer O.S.
Published: March 2021

Procesrechtelijke aspecten van de vordering benadeelde partij in het strafproces: welk wetboek gaat daar eigenlijk over?

In mei 2019 heeft de Hoge Raad een overzichtsarrest gewezen over de vordering benadeelde partij in strafzaken (HR 28 mei 2019, ECLI:NL:HR:2019:793). Hoewel nuttig voor de praktijk waar het de materiële kant van de vordering betreft, roept het arrest juist vragen op als het om procesrechtelijke aspecten gaat. De Hoge Raad verwijst namelijk meermaals naar bepalingen uit het Rv, terwijl de gemiddelde praktijkbeoefenaar er veelal van uitging dat aan dit wetboek helemaal geen relevantie toekomt in strafzaken. Is sprake van een koerswijziging van de Hoge Raad of houdt de Hoge Raad juist koers? En welk wetboek gaat eigenlijk over de procesrechtelijke kant van de vordering benadeelde partij? Het Sv, het Rv, of allebei? Deze en andere vragen worden beantwoord in dit artikel.
Stroperige letselschadeprocedures: effectieve remedies tegen rechterlijke termijnoverschrijding?
Authors: de Vries E.A.
Published: March 2021

Stroperige letselschadeprocedures: effectieve remedies tegen rechterlijke termijnoverschrijding?

Deze bijdrage bevat de (beknopte) neerslag van een studie naar de mate van effectiviteit van de bestaande nationale remedie bij een geconstateerde rechterlijke redelijketermijnoverschrijding in de civiele (letselschade)procedure. Op grond van de bevindingen van het verrichte onderzoek is met name de praktische effectiviteit van deze remedie bediscussieerd. De bijdrage bevat derhalve een gedachte-experiment van mogelijke (theoretische) denkrichtingen ter eventuele bevordering van de effectiviteit van de repressieve remedie.
Van tellen naar voorspellen - Sturen op risico’s met een voorspellend wiskundig model op basis van historische brandweerdata
Authors: School Martine , de Graaf Maurits , van Lieshout Marie-Colette , Sanders Emiel , de Wit Ron
Published: March 2021

From counting to predicting – monitoring risks with a mathematical model based on historical chimney fire data

In this paper, we present a mathematical model for the prediction of chimney fires using data collected by the Twente safety region over the years 2004 up to 2015. The explanatory variables used are the number of inhabitants per areal unit of 500 by 500 metres, the daily mean temperature and an indicator variable for October. Spatially and temporally correlated noise is added to be able to capture latent factors such as human behaviour. The model is validated using the data over the years 2016 and 2017. The model is implemented as a dashboard on a public website and yields as output a hazard map for chimney fires in Twente based on the weather forecast for the coming six days. This way, the dashboard can be used for prevention and planning purposes.
COVID-19 Tedavisinde Favipiravir Kullanımı
Authors: Kara Emre , İnkaya Ahmet Çağkan , Demirkan Kutay , Ünal Serhat
Published: March 2021

There are treatment options with partially shown efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. A drug with proven effect on survival has not yet been developed for the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) defined in December 2019. Many chemicals that are being used or developed for different indications have been used for COVID-19 treatment, based on their effects observed in in vitro studies. Favipiravir, one of these drugs, was first used in Wuhan, the starting center of the pandemic. Since the spread of the infection to the world, it has been used in our country as well as countries such as Italy, Japan, Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Moldova and Kazakhstan, Bangladesh, Egypt, India. There are few studies conducted and published to evaluate the effectiveness of favipiravir, but many studies are ongoing. In this review, it was aimed to review and evaluate the studies and case reports reporting the efficacy of favipiravir in the treatment of COVID-19. With the literature search, 223 results were reached, 210 articles were fully accessed, and a total of 34 articles were included in the analysis. In the scope of the review, under the title of pharmacology of favipiravir, adverse effects and drug interactions in addition to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties are mentioned. Favipiravir is one of the options for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, but randomized, controlled trials involving much more patients and longer follow-up periods need to be planned and the results of ongoing trials evaluated.
Regionale Datenkooperationen touristischer Leistungsträger – eine Antwort auf die Dominanz globaler Internetplattformen?
Authors: Geyer Carolin , Stuber-Berries Nicole , Liebrich Andreas , Wyss Melanie
Published: March 2021

Aufgrund der digitalen Transformation werden immer mehr Daten generiert, welche in Wert gesetzt werden könnten. Die Verfügbarkeit und Zugänglichkeit dieser Daten spielen wegen der Kleinstrukturiertheit der Tourismusbranche eine entscheidende Rolle, um passende Produkte für die jeweiligen Bedürfnisse der Reisenden zu erstellen. Kleinere und mittlere Tourismusunternehmen können durch regionale touristische Datenkooperationen neue Potenziale eröffnen und die negativen Bedingungen der Kleinstrukturiertheit verringern. So werden regionale Datenkooperationen potenziell ein Gegengewicht zu den globalen Internetplattformen. Während touristische Kooperationsformen bereits erforscht wurden, existieren bisher keine wissenschaftlichen und praktischen Erkenntnisse über touristische Datenkooperationen und deren praktische Anwendungen. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, auf Basis des dafür entwickelten Modells für regionale Datenkooperationen, handlungsorientierte Erkenntnisse über die gemeinsame Nutzung von Daten innerhalb von regionalen touristischen Datenkooperationen zu liefern.
Der ‚Confirmation Bias‘ im Rahmen polizeilicher Ermittlungen: Zum Einfluss uneindeutiger Beweise und der Art der Informationsquelle
Authors: Kemme Stefanie , Ehmcke Rebecca
Published: March 2021

Einmal gebildete Überzeugungen von der Schuld eines Verdächtigen können die Bewertung von Beweisen im weiteren Strafverfahren und die nachfolgenden Einschätzungen der Schuld leiten. Empirische Studien zu Bestätigungstendenzen (Confirmation Bias) im Strafverfahrenskontext in Deutschland sind rar. Studien aus dem vorwiegend angelsächsischen Raum erfassen einen Confirmation Bias i.d.R. über das Induzieren einer Schuld- vs. Unschuldshypothese, so dass bei einem solchen Vorgehen hauptsächlich der Erfolg der experimentellen Induzierung getestet wird, nicht jedoch die Beibehaltung einer gebildeten Hypothese (Bestätigungstendenz). Die vorliegende Arbeit fokussiert daher auf die Prüfung der Beibehaltung oder Veränderung einer gebildeten Ursprungshypothese. Dazu erhielten 96 kriminalpolizeiliche Sachbearbeiter und Sachbearbeiterinnen aus Deutschland in einem ersten Schritt einen Aktenauszug zu einem Tötungsdelikt mit belastendem oder entlastendem Beweismaterial, bevor sie eine erste Einschätzung der Schuld abgaben. In einem zweiten Schritt erhielten beide Gruppen weiteres uneindeutiges Beweismaterial in Form von protokollierten oder videoaufgezeichneten Zeugenvernehmungen und gaben eine endgültige Einschätzung der Schuld ab. Die endgültige Schuldeinschätzung war lediglich in der entlastenden Beweisbedingung zum zweiten Messzeitpunkt, nachdem die Teilnehmenden die weiteren uneindeutigen Beweise erhalten hatten, signifikant höher. In der belastenden Bedingung zeigten die Einstufungen tendenziell in die erwartete Richtung. Ein Einfluss der Art der Informationsquelle lag erwartungsgemäß nicht vor. Insgesamt deuten unsere Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass vor allem erfahrene Ermittlungsbeamte und -beamtinnen nicht durch Vorannahmen beeinflusst wurden. Da dies die erste Studie zum Confirmation Bias in Deutschland an Polizeibeamten und -beamtinnen ist, werden weitere Untersuchungen als notwendig erachtet.
Implikationen zoophiler und zoosadistischer Präferenzstörungen für die forensische Begutachtung: Tatbezogene Amnesien und die Frage der Schuldfähigkeit
Authors: Wolkenhaar Mia , Heubrock Dietmar
Published: March 2021

Sowohl bei zoophilen als auch bei zoosadistischen Täterinnen und Tätern ergeben sich verschiedene Fragestellungen, die für eine forensische Begutachtung bedeutsam sind. Zum einen müssen die von Täterinnen und Tätern mitunter angegebenen tatbezogenen Erinnerungslücken bei Straftaten sowohl zum Nachteil von Menschen als auch zum Nachteil von Tieren differentialdiagnostisch abgeklärt werden. Zum anderen ist in einem Strafprozess auch die Schuldfähigkeit des oder der Angeklagten festzustellen, die unter Umständen im Zuge einer psychiatrischen oder psychologischen Untersuchung zu begutachten wäre. Diese beiden Thematiken lassen sich am ehesten durch die Betrachtung eines Falles demonstrieren; hierbei handelt es sich um den Fall von Peter K., der sowohl wegen zoophiler, tierquälender als auch zoosadistischer Handlungen strafrechtlich belangt und hinsichtlich der Schuldfähigkeit begutachtet wurde. Hieraus ergibt sich die Bedeutung der differentialdiagnostischen Abklärung einer tatbezogenen dissoziativen Amnesie insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine vorgetäuschte amnestische Störung. Die Schuldfähigkeit kann bei zoophilen oder zoosadistischen Handlungen aufgrund einer Störung im Sinne aller vier Eingangsmerkmale vermindert oder aufgehoben sein. Eine besondere Relevanz haben jedoch die sexuellen Präferenzstörungen im Sinne der schweren anderen seelischen Abartigkeit. Diese gilt es anhand verschiedener Merkmale der Persönlichkeit, der Vortat-, Tat- und Nachtatphase sowie insbesondere Merkmale der paraphilen Störung zu beurteilen.
Photochromic Dyes for Smart Textiles
Authors: Kumar Gupta Virendra
Published: March 2021

Photochromism is a light induced reversible color change phenomenon in photochromic molecule due to light and heat effect and molecular species exist in two forms which have different absorption spectra. The fascinating color change by photochromic molecules in response to specific wavelength of light produces number of applications such as U.V. protective fabrics, ophthalmic photochromic lenses, optical data storing, optical switch, sensors and display. This chapter provides a brief and conclusive review of photochromism their mechanism and application in Textiles. Although photochromic materials are in use since 1960 in lenses and sunglasses, but the development is slow due to technical difficulties and poor commercial application. Now there is renewed interest in photochromic materials which are used in nanofibers in smart textiles and in allied items.
Possibilities of Combinatorial Therapy: Insulin Dysregulation and the Growth Hormone Perspective on Neurodegeneration
Authors: Sengupta Priyanka , Mukhopadhyay Debashis
Published: March 2021

RTKs have been reported to be implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders and the roles of insulin receptor family have emerged as a key common pathway across diseases. Thus we focussed on the Insulin receptor family and discussed the irregulation from the growth hormone axis. The signaling, regulation and physiology of the production in liver and CNS has never been discussed in signaling perspectives and is extremely crucial for understanding the possibilities of IGF1 in neurodegeneration specifically. The commonalities across neurodegenerative diseases such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein misfolding and insulin pathway anomalies have been elucidated and correlated with the insulin pathway. The crosstalk possibilities of the pathways, along with other regulatory modes for the development of combinatorial therapy have been discussed to visualize a common platform for neurodegenerative diseases including AD, PD, HD, ALS and FTD. Furthermore, the incretin based therapies that have gradually emerged as alternatives for insulin based therapy due to its inherent drawback of resistance has been briefly discussed.
Comparative analysis of the epistemological language in translation
Authors: Chernenok Irina G. , Gordeeva Elena M.
Published: March 2021

The article presents a comparative analysis of the translation of basic epistemological terms and attempts to analyse cognitive factors underlying the construction of meaning in the translation process. Apart from linguistic expertise, the translation of philosophical texts re­quires a profound understading of the subject matter. Ambiguity of philosophical terms, which appears as a result of the development of a particular concept within a specific philo­sophical school of thought, may lead to inconsistencies in the translation decision-making. The paper aims to apply a cognitive approach to the translation of epistemological terms into the German and English language: Erkenntnis/cognition vs knowledge. In this study, context is interpreted as a verbalization of a specific conceptual frame facilitating the identification of the appropriate meaning of the term on a deeper, conceptual level. The article contains nu­merous examples from the works of Immanuel Kant translated into English as well as the data from multilingual translation corpora which are used to describe translation-relevant aspects of conceptual integration in philosophical discourse.
Bioaerosol in dental prosthodontics
Authors: Jovanović Marija
Published: March 2021

Introdution: During many dental interventions, performed using handpiece instruments and pusters, an aerosol is created,which is converted into a bioaerosol (BIOA) by mixing with the particles of various organic components from the patient's oral cavity.When the high-speed mashine is started, the air becomes instantly contaminated and practically covers the entire room. Pollution is registered all the times, as well as after prosthetic treatment. BIOA created during prosthetic workcontains various bacteria, fungi and viruses from the patient's oral cavity. These microorganisms pose a real hazard to health workers and are a potential risk for infection. The most common pathogens include influenza viruses, herpes viruses, as well as pathogenic streptococci and staphylococci. Infectious diseases, biosynosis, acute toxic reactions, allergies, atopic diseases, conjunctivitis, contact dermatitis, infections of the respiratory system, and even some types of cancer, are possible manifestations of side effects of BIOA. Conclusion:BIOA poses a potential danger to contamination of air, work surfaces and objects in dental offices. Direct and indirect exposure of dental staff and patients to BIOA is especially pronounced in the conditions of COVID 19. Although it is impossible to completely eliminate the risk of adverse effects of BIOA, it is important to pay attention to all prevention measures that can reduce the likelihood of contamination.
Democracy, neoliberalism and the alternative
Authors: Milić Slobodan
Published: March 2021

In this paper author is dealing with the problem of democracy and neoliberal capitalism, through the prism of history; it explains the difference in certain socio-economic and political-economic systems. The concept of the neoliberal capitalist system that has been current for the last forty years has become unsustainable due to the enormous inequalities in the society that it has created. Therefore today, the rich are getting richer, while the poor are getting poorer. It has also been shown that without the economic intervention of a state, no economic system can survive. The growing protests throughout Europe and the world have prompted the author to consider the following questions' What are the alternatives to neoliberal capitalism? Why are Marxism and socialism always current when we talk about changing? Can we talk about socialism in the 21st century?
Emotional functioning of children and adolescents with celliac disease
Authors: Stojanović-Jovanović Biljana , Jovanović Stevan , Vuletić Biljana
Published: March 2021

Objective. determine if there are symptoms of depression and thus the impairment of the emotional functioning of children with celiac disease in relation to healthy children of the same age Methods. The research was conducted as a prospective, observational study. The study group consisted of N 116 subjects (children and adolescents) aged 5-18 years who were diagnosed with celiac disease. The control group consisted of the same number of healthy children who met the basic criteria of "matching" with the examined group according to age and gender. To assess emotional functioning and detect symptoms of depression Mood and Feelings Questionnaire Short - MFQ -Child was used. Results. In the gruoup of children with celiac disease there is a statistically significant greater preference for depression (p <0.001). Conclusion. In children and adolescents with a diagnosis of celiac disease, it is necessary to keep in mind the psychological dimension of the disease. A gluten-free diet can create problems in the acceptance of a child by its peers. In children and adolescents with a diagnosis of celiac disease a state of psychological stress can also occur, mainly due to the discomfort caused by a different diet compared to their peers. Accepting the disease and successfully managing a gluten-free diet requires a team approach.
Abdominal wall endometriosis from general surgeon perspective
Authors: Mladenović Aleksandar , Jovančević Miljan , Milošević Zoran
Published: March 2021

Objective. Endometriosis is benign disease which is characterized by the presence of the functional endometrial tissue out of the uterine cavity. Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) represents any presence of endometrium in the abdominal wall outside the peritoneal cavity. The aim of the work is to analyze the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of this condition. Methods. We have analyzed 14 cases of AWE operated on in our department in period from 01.01.2011. to 12.31.2019. Data were obtained by retrospective analysis of medical histories of operated patients, and were analyzed by the method of descriptive statistic. Results. The average age of patients was 33 (26-41) years. In most patients there was data about previous operations on the lower abdomen (Caesarean section). In the clinical picture the dominant elements were pain and palpable lesion in all patients. The pain is more often of the non-cyclic type (62,4 %). All patients underwent an ultrasound examination. Radical resection (R0) was achieved in most patients, while in one patient R1 resection was involved (7,2%). Recurrence occurred in one patient. Conclusion. Even its relatively rare, AWE can be significant condition for two reasons. First are difficulties and complications it may create for the patient, and second is that it can be a serious differential diagnostic problem for physicians. In younger patients with palpable and painful lesions in the lower abdomen, and with a history of previous gynecological surgeries, it is necessary to think about AWE in differential diagnosis. Surgery with mandatory histopathological examination is the method of choice in the treatment of AWE. The results of surgical treatment are excellent if sufficient radically is achieved (R0 resection).
Učešće medicinske sestre specijaliste iz oblasti javnog zdravlja u prevenciji profesionalnih bolesti i povreda na radu
Authors: Đorđević Slavica
Published: March 2021

Safety issues and occupational injuries and professional diseases or disorders - are enormous problems, not only in our country, but also in the world; and as the global problems of occupational injuries and professional diseases and disorders in the health providers system are increasing, with them increases the problems of decreasing quality of professional tasks due to occupational disease or injury occurred at work as well the negative impact of occupational disease occurrences in the life of every individual. The work of nurses is very complex and comprehensive within the health system and as such is faced with various risks and related consequences for health. According to statistics Ministry of Labor in the United States each year more than 35,000 nurses and nurse experience locomotor injuries for which must open the sick leave. This implies the need that the highly educated nurses must have an adequate level of knowledge about all risk factors, prevention measures and safety and care about their own health. According to the research of the American Nurses Association (ANA), nurses use 30% more sick leave than other health care workers, according to the incidence of exposure to unwanted risk, stress, harmful substances and excessive physical effort. The mismatch between the requirements related to the job and the environment, or the inability to satisfy those demands lead to professional stress. Professional stress is a phenomenon which often exposed health care workers. burn out syndrome is the result of persistent or recurrent emotional burdens incurred due to the intense concern for others and help others.
Current noise pollution situation in the territory of the city of Novi Sad and possible health effects
Authors: Kričković Emina , Kričković Zoran
Published: March 2021

Noise pollution or environmental noise is certainly one of the factors which determine health population of the city of Novi Sad and based on noise level depends the life quality of the population. In this paper noise pollution state in subject territory will be identified, through year average values of daily (Lday), evening (Levening), nightly (Lnight) and total (Lden) noise indicators on measuring spots, population exposure to noise pollution, health effects as well as protection measures that should be adopted. During 2019, in the territory of the city of Novi Sad average year values of daily, evening and nightly indicators were elevated in all zones ("zones of city roads", "residential areas", "education zone"), apart from evening noise which, in the zone of city roads, was in accordance with national normative.
The foundations of creditor's liability in gratuitous contracts in Croatian medieval law
Authors: Lachner Višnja , Kasap Jelena
Published: March 2021

Gratuitous contracts (bailments) are the most common legal affairs in everyday legal transactions. On the one hand, their informal nature that distinguishes them from other legal affairs facilitates their application; on the other hand, it complicates the legal position of the contracting parties in case of breach of contractual obligations. Liability for breach of contractual obligation equally affects both contracting parties: the creditor and the debtor. In accordance with the principle of utility, the debtor is a contracting party that benefits most from the conclusion of a gratuitous contract. However, the discussions about the creditor's obligations and the liability criteria have been quite rare ever since the development of the earliest legal systems. This is not surprising given the fact that the gratuitous contracts are, almost as a rule, concluded between friends and acquaintances, and marked by the trust of the contracting parties. The foundations of the privileged liability of creditors, both in Western European legal systems and in Croatian law, are based on Roman law principles, which have been entered into the modern law of obligations through reception of the ius commune legal norms. As the issue of creditors' liability in gratuitous contracts has not been sufficiently examined in the Croatian scientific literature, this research is aimed at exploring and establishing the legal grounds of liability of the lender (creditor), the depositor, and the donor in Croatian law, by analyzing and comparing the available historical sources of Croatian medieval law. In that context, the authors will also discuss in more detail the reasons for enacting the unique legal solutions contained in the Croatian Obligations Act.
The conception of legal responsibility in the opus of Hans Kelsen and Toma Živanović
Authors: Medar Suzana
Published: March 2021

The concept of legal responsibility (liability) implies a violation of the dispositive norm and subjecting the offender to envisaged sanctions. Legal responsibility is based on three key elements: the subject, the object, and the legal grounds of responsibility. The legal state (Rechtsstaat) is inconceivable without responsibility, which is present in all areas of law. In constitutional law, it is reflected in the legal and political responsibility of the state authorities. Civil and criminal liability differ in terms of sanctions. In civil law, there is subjective liability based on culpability and objective (strict) liability. As a consequence of committing a crime, criminal liability includes two elements: sanity and guilt. While guilt is a subjective element of a crime which cannot be avoided, criminal liability can be avoided. According to Kelsen, the subject of legal responsibility and the legal obligation are equivalent. He distinguishes between subjective liability based on culpability and absolute (objective) liability. This distinction rests on the individualistic ideal of justice. Logically, the sanctions also differ in these two cases. Kelsen also recognizes collective responsibility (especially of legal entities), which is always absolute. In civil law, the subject of obligation and the subject of liability correspond. Živanović provides detailed accounts on the concepts of delict, delinquent, and sanction. According to Živanović, a delict (in all branches of law) is a violation or endangerment of a subjective right. A delinquent, i.e. the infringer of legal norms, is the object of sanction. In analyzing the concept of sanction, he identifies seven distinctive elements of a sanction. The comparison of Kelsen and Živanovic's conceptions of legal responsibility yields notable results. Both authors were aware of many aspects of legal responsibility. In spite of the obvious terminological differences, they essentially discuss the same legal issues. When observed jointly, these two authors provide a wide-branching "scheme" of both legal responsibility in general and area-specific liability in particular.
Integrated communicative learning approach in ELP practice: Practical application in the context of intra/multi/inter/transdisciplinary integration
Authors: Ignjatović Gordana
Published: March 2021

English for Legal Purposes (ELP) or Legal English (LE) is a prominent area of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), catering for the specific discourse community needs and purposes. This article presents the Integrated Communicative Learning (ICL) approach to instructional design within the curricular framework of ELP/LE courses for academic and professional purposes (LEAP/LEPP) in tertiary education. This holistic approach includes ample intradisciplinary, multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary dimensions. The first part of this article presents the conceptual, structural and theoretical framework of this approach, and its many pedagogical and methodological functions. The second part outlines the structural framework of the three ELP/LE courses, the teaching/learning context,, and the rationale for selecting this approach. The third part focus the practical application of the ICL in these courses, with reference to examples of intra/multi/inter/transdisciplinary integration. Finally, the author discusses the benefits, challenges and considerations in implementing this approach, particularly in view of promoting authentic learning and inter/transdisciplinary legal education.
Gimme’s ability to recover group-level path coefficients and individual-level path coefficients
Authors: Nestler Steffen , Humberg Sarah
Published: March 2021

The growing availability of intensive longitudinal data has increased psychological researchers' interest in ideographic-statistical methods that, for example, reveal the contemporaneous or lagged associations between different variables for a specific individual. However, when researchers assess several individuals, the results of such models are difficult to generalize across individuals. Researchers recently suggested an algorithm called GIMME, which allows for the identification of coefficients that exist across all individuals (group-level coefficients) or are specific to one or a subgroup of individuals (individual-level coefficients). In three simulation studies we investigated GIMME's performance in recovering group-level and individual-level coefficients. For the former, we found that GIMME performed well when the magnitude of the parameters was moderate to high and when the number of measurements was sufficiently large. However, GIMME had problems detecting individual-level coefficients or coefficients that occurred for a subset of individuals from the whole sample.
Analytic and bootstrap confidence intervals for the common-language effect size estimate
Authors: Li Johnson Ching-Hong , Tze Virginia Man Chung
Published: March 2021

Evaluating how an effect-size estimate performs between two continuous variables based on the common-language effect size (CLES) has received increasing attention. While Blomqvist (1950; https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177729754) developed a parametric estimator (q') for the CLES, there has been limited progress in further refining CLES. This study: a) extends Blomqvist’s work by providing a mathematical foundation for Bp (a non-parametric version of CLES) and an analytic approach for estimating its standard error; and b) evaluates the performance of the analytic and bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs) for Bp. The simulation shows that the bootstrap bias-corrected-and-accelerated interval (BCaI) has the best protected Type 1 error rate with a slight compromise in Power, whereas the analytic-t CI has the highest overall Power but with a Type 1 error slightly larger than the nominal value. This study also uses a real-world data-set to demonstrate the applicability of the CLES in measuring the relationship between age and sexual compulsivity.
Experiencias de gestión de los procesos de preservación digital a partir del modelo OAIS en repositorios institucionales
Authors: Ochoa-Gutiérrez Jaider , Sáenz Giraldo Reinaldo Andrés , Tirado Tamayo Tatiana
Published: March 2021

Los repositorios institucionales representan la denominada Vía Verde del movimiento Acceso Abierto, facilitando el acceso a la información y la gestión de la memoria científica de las universidades y centros de investigación. En ese sentido, no solo debe optimizarse su funcionamiento en términos de garantizar la organización y recuperación de los documentos sino también, los procesos de interoperabilidad y preservación digital. Es aquí donde el Open Archival Information System (OAIS) ha tomado lugar como el estándar que orienta y optimiza los procesos de cara a la preservación digital. A partir de lo anterior, este artículo da cuenta de los resultados de una investigación documental sobre el uso del modelo OAIS en repositorios institucionales, para ello se presenta la metodología de búsqueda desarrollada y el análisis de los factores a considerar en la gestión de los repositorios. Los resultados recopilan experiencias y categorías de implementación, principios básicos y esquemas de funcionamiento para atender condiciones de integralidad, interoperabilidad y facilidad en la recuperación y preservación de la memoria científica y académica de las instituciones. Principalmente se puede evidenciar una tendencia a modelos y arquitecturas distribuidas, mayor cantidad de experiencias en Europa y Estados Unidos y el uso de sistemas y software como DSpace, Lockss y Archivematica.

The institutional repositories represent the so-called Greenway of the Open Access movement, facilitating access to information and the management of the scientific memory of universities and research centers. In this sense, its operation should not only be optimized in terms of guaranteeing the organization and retrieval of documents, but also optimizing the processes of interoperability and digital preservation. It is here where the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) has taken place as the standard that guides and optimizes processes for digital preservation. Based on the above, this article reports the results of documentary research on the use of the OAIS model in institutional repositories, for this purpose the developed search methodology and the analysis of the factors to be considered in the management of the repositories are presented. The results compile experiences and implementation categories, basic principles, and operating schemes to meet conditions of comprehensiveness, interoperability, and ease in the recovery and preservation of the scientific and academic memory of the institutions. Mainly a trend towards distributed models and architectures, a greater number of experiences in Europe and the United States and the use of systems and software such as DSpace, Lockss, and Archivematica can be evidenced.
Sobre las encuadernaciones de las obras del siglo XVIII del fondo antiguo digital de la biblioteca de la Universidad de Sevilla
Authors: Herrera Morillas José Luis
Published: March 2021

Se analizan las obras del siglo XVIII de la colección del Fondo Antiguo Digital de Biblioteca de la Universidad de Sevilla para localizar las partes elaboradas con papeles decorados, con la finalidad de clasificarlos y describirlos según las propuestas de la literatura especializada. Para ello, se recuperan los registros incluidos en el repositorio de la colección digital, se visualizan las reproducciones digitales de las obras, se identifican las partes con papeles decorados y se describen siguiendo el modelo de clasificación de papeles decorados, previamente elaborado, inspirado en los trabajos del profesor Carpallo Bautista. El modelo está formado por 6 técnicas y sus variantes. Dentro de los más de 6.700 ejemplares del siglo XVIII de la colección del Fondo Antiguo Digital, 511 incluyen papeles decorados en sus encuadernaciones.

The eighteenth century books from the collection of the old digital library of the Library University Seville are analyzed to locate the parts made with decorated papers, in order to classify and describe them according to the proposals of specialized literature. For this, the records included in the repository of the digital collection are recovered, the digital reproductions of the books are visualized, the parts with decorated papers are identified and described following the decorated papers classification model, previously elaborated, based on the research of Professor Carpallo Bautista. The model is made up of 6 techniques and their variants. Of the more than 6.700 records from the 18th century in the collection of the digital ancient collection, 511 include decorated papers in their bindings.
La presencia del francés en los libros de la nobleza murciana del siglo XVIII
Authors: García Cuadrado Amparo
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es mostrar el grado de posesión de libros en idioma francés entre la nobleza de la ciudad de Murcia durante el siglo xviii. Para ello se han revisado los inventarios post mortem y otros documentos protocolizados por esta elite durante el período comprendido entre 1700 a 1811. La muestra obtenida da buena cuenta de los impresos franceses en poder de dicho estamento social. Con estos datos se realiza un análisis cuantitativo y su distribución por materias según la naturaleza de los impresos. Los lectores se muestran más proclives a incorporar a sus colecciones impresos de contenido literario y lingüístico para el aprendizaje de la lengua gala, así como históricos y científicos en sentido amplio. Los resultados muestran un retrato porcentualmente pobre en su conjunto, caracterizado por una concentración de impresos en manos de unos pocos lectores, junto a la tardía incorporación de libros en francés.

The aim of this research is to show the number of French books owned by the little Murcian nobility during the xviii century. Regarding this fact, we have reviewed the post mortem inventories and other documents protocolized by this elite during the period between 1700 and 1811. The result displays the French prints owned by that social stratum. With this data, we make a cuantitative analisis of this prints and its distribution by subject matters based in their nature. The readers show themselves inclined to incorporate to their collections prints of literary and linguistic content for the learning of the Gallic language, as well as historic and cientific prints, broadly speaking. The results show a percentually poor portrait as a whole, characterised for a concentration of many printed documents for very few readers, along with the late onboarding of French books.
Considera es para gerenciar riscos de privacidade e seguran a cibern tica na internet das coisas (IoT)
Authors: Boeckl Katie , Fagan Michael , Fisher William , Lefkovitz Naomi , Megas Katerina N , Nadeau Ellen , O'Rourke Danna Gabel , Piccarreta Ben , Scarfone Karen
Published: March 2021

A Internet das Coisas (IoT) uma cole o em r pida evolu o e expans o de diversas tecnologias que interagem com o mundo f sico. Muitas organiza es n o est o necessariamente cientes do grande n mero de dispositivos IoT que j est o usando e como eles podem afetar a seguran a cibern tica e os riscos de privacidade de diferentes maneiras, comparado aos dispositivos convencionais de tecnologia da informa o (TI). O objetivo desta publica o ajudar as ag ncias federais e outras organiza es a compreender e melhor gerenciar os riscos de seguran a cibern tica e privacidade associados a seus dispositivos IoT individuais durante todo o ciclo de vida de tais dispositivos. Esta publica o um documento introdut rio que serve de base para uma s rie planejada de publica es sobre alguns aspectos mais espec ficos relacionados a este t pico.
Workshop summary report for cybersecurity risks in consumer home internet of things (IoT) devices virtual workshop
Authors: Fagan Michael , Megas Katerina N , Bell Cuthill Barbara , Raguso Mary , Wiltberger John
Published: March 2021

This report provides a summary of the discussion and findings from the NIST Cybersecurity Risks in Consumer Home IoT Devices virtual workshop in October 2020. NIST Interagency Report (NISTIR) 8259, Foundational Cybersecurity Activities for IoT Device Manufacturers, and NISTIR 8259A, IoT Device Cybersecurity Capability Core Baseline, provide general guidance on how manufacturers can approach their role of fulfilling their customers' cybersecurity needs and capabilities. As discussed in those documents, particular sectors and use cases may require more specific guidance than what is included in NISTIR 8259A's core baseline for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. To better understand the consumer home device sector, NIST collected observations on the cybersecurity device capabilities in a number of devices available in the first half of 2019. These observations were published in Draft NISTIR 8267, Security Review of Consumer Home Internet of Things (IoT) Products. The information in Draft NISTIR 8267 was foundational for the NIST Cybersecurity Risks in Consumer Home IoT Devices virtual workshop. The workshop gathered further community input on the concerns with consumer home IoT device cybersecurity.
Survey on gender, equity and inclusion
Authors: Theofanos Mary F , Evans Jasmine , Zwolak Justyna P , Prettyman Sandra Spickard
Published: March 2021

In the fall of 2019, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) funded threes studies to better understand equity and inclusivity. The present study represents phase three of a sequential, exploratory mixed methods study designed to provide an in- depth look at the population of NIST federal employees to identify factors, attitudes, and processes that might result in gender- specific barriers at NIST. From phase 1 and the phase 2 in-depth interview qualitative results an on-line survey was designed to quantify the differences, if any, in the ways in which men and women experience work at NIST. The target population was all NIST federal employees, approximately 3,300. The sample size was 1,350, approximately 30 % of the sampling frame. The survey consisted of six sections and was disseminated by email to the sampling frame. Participation was completely voluntary. The survey was open for three weeks. 1,529 employees responded to the survey for an overall response rate of 33.2 % and 1,108 completed the survey (resulting in an overall completion rate of 72.5 %). Survey participants demographics were representative of the overall distribution of staff across Directorates, Operating Units, age, years of service, career paths, pay bands, and educational levels. The chi-square test for independence was used to test for statistically significant differences between the NIST population and the survey respondents as a whole, as well as between men and women. Statistically significant differences ( < 0.001) were found for men and women with respect to the organization's commitment to diversity and inclusivity (men are more positive than women) , on meritocracy (more women believe opportunities are based on who you know rather than most deserving employees) , and gendered experiences of being interrupted in meeting, questioning competence, and not receiving credit for ideas. More women believe they have to work harder, wait longer for promotion and opportunities for leadership. More women reported considering leaving NIST than their male counterparts. Both women and men agree they have equal opportunity to be hired, their need for work life balance is supported, that teamwork is valued, and NIST believes it is more objective than subjective and that projects are not more important than staff. Overall, the survey results align with the qualitative results and provide quantitative data on the differences in which men and women experience the culture, diversity and inclusivity of NIST.