bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran Forum Rohis Maros (Foros Maros) Terhadap Pengembangan Dakwah
Authors: Fuadi Nurul , Ramadani Ukhwani
Published: July 2020

Penelitian menggambarkan tentang bagaimana pelaksanaan kegiatan Forum Rohis Maros (Foros Maros) terhadap Pengembangan Dakwah di Kabupaten Maros serta apa saja faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat dari pelaksanaan kegiatan tersebut. Hal ini juga berguna untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada pengurus Forum Rohis Maros (Foros Maros) serta setiap orang yang terlibat dalam kegiatannya agar dapat lebih memaksimalkan setiap kegiatan yang dijalankan agar proses pengembangan dakwah di Kabupaten Maros dapat berjalan dengan baik. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi serta menggunakan Teknik purposive sampling dalam pengambilan sampel. Sementara itu, jika dilihat dari sifat datanya yang dikumpulkan bersifat deskriptif atau kata-kata tertulis dari orang-orang dengan perilaku yang dapat diamati. Dengan menganalisis data yang diperoleh meliputi kegiatan pengumpulan data, penyajian data, reduksi data, dan kesimpulan-kesimpulan/memverifikasi hal-hal yang penting dan dipelajari serta menganalisis hingga menjawab permasalahan yang ada. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peniliti menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Forum Rohis Maros sangat dianggap penting sebagai Lembaga dakwah yang ruang lingkupnya meliputi para pelajar demi mengembangkan dakwah di Kabupaten Maros dengan berbagai pelaksanaan kegiatan yang telah dilakukan secara maksimal. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendukung antara lain, Foros Maros selalu berusaha melaksanakan manajemen dakwah sesuai dengan tahapannya yakni perencanaan dakwah dengan menyusun timeline pelaksanaan program kerja, pengorganisasian dakwah dengan membagi job description sesuai dengan minat para anggota rohis, penggerakkan dakwah yang berusaha terus dilakukan oleh ketua Foros Maros serta rohis sekolah, serta pengendalian dan evaluasi dakwah yang dilakukan setelah pelaksanaan kegiatan berlangsung. Adapun faktor penghambat dalam setiap pelaksanaan kegiatan Foros Maros ialah permasalahan anggaran, kurangnya komunikasi dan koordinasi antar anggota, serta kurangnya dukungan dari pihak sekolah dan pemerintah.
PEMIKIRAN PENDIDIKAN K.H. MUHAMMAD HASYIM ASY'ARI
Authors: Pilo Nashiruddin
Published: July 2020

Sebagai intelektual muslim, K.H Muhammad Hasyim Asy'ari mempresentasikan hasil refleksinya tentang berbagai aspek kehidupan, khususnya di bidang agama, termasuk refleksi di bidang pendidikan. Sistem pendidikan diterapkan oleh K.H. Hasyim Ash'ari didasarkan pada Alquran sebagai paradigma, karena didasarkan pada wahyu Tuhan bahwa sistem pendidikan lengkap didirikan yang mencakup tiga aspek kognitif, emosional dan psikomotorik. Nilai-nilai yang berbeda harus dikembangkan dalam pengelolaan sistem pendidikan Islam, khususnya: nilai-nilai teosentris, nilai-nilai sukarela dan saleh, nilai-nilai kebijaksanaan, nilai-nilai kesederhanaan, nilai-nilai solidaritas, restu dari para pemimpin (kyai)
Quality of the ewes’ milk as a raw material in the dairy industry in the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Dimitrovska Gordana , Bojkovska Katerina , Makarijoski Borche , Karapetkovska - Hristova Vesna , Grozdanovska Aleksandra
Published: July 2020

This study is based on analyzing physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of ewe milk from three different regions, which is used as a raw material in dairy industry of North Macedonia. All milk samples
(n=123) were collected on dairy reception points of dairy industry in Pelagonia region, in a period of six (6) months. The average values for chemical composition of milk were in the range as follows: 6.83±0.22% to
7.68±0.36% for milk fat, 5.52±0.09% to 6.06±0.23% for proteins, 4.62±0.08% to 4.79±0.05% for lactose, 11.16±0.11% to 1.51±0.24% for non-fat dry matter (NFDM), -0.561 to -0.543oC for freezing point and 8.61±0.4 oSH to 8.88±0.47oSH for titrable acidity. The microbiological and hygienic status of examined ewe milk samples was of poor hygienic quality. The average value of the examined samples for somatic cell count ranged from 753.333 cfu/mL to 1.125.000 cfu/mL and the average number of total bacteria count was from 532.444 cfu/mL to 1.986.222 cfu/mL.
Mogućnost korištenja alternativnih izvora bjelančevina u hranidbi životinja
Authors: Matin Ana , Majdak Tugomir , Janječić Zlatko , Grubor Mateja
Published: July 2020

Porastom broja stanovnika u svijetu povećava se i potrošnja mesa peradi i jaja, što rezultira i povećanjem peradarske proizvodnje. Za takvu je proizvodnju potrebno osigurati i velike količine hranjivih tvari, među ostalim i bjelančevina, dobrog aminokiselinskog sastava što će podmiriti potrebe brzorastućih hibrida peradi te modernih hibridnih nesilica konzumnih jaja. Uobičajeno se pri tome koristi soja, cijelo zrno odnosno neki od oblika dobivenih njenom preradom. No njena cijena, problemi s transportom, GMO i sl. sve više vode ka istraživanjima o mogućnosti uvođenja alternativnih izvora bjelančevina u hranidbi peradi. Ovdje svakako pripadaju i insekti. Hranidbena vrijednost insekata je vrlo raznolika i to uglavnom zbog velikog broja i varijabilnosti vrsta. Insekti također imaju dobar sastav masnih kiselina te vitamina i pokazalo se da mogu parirati ribljem brašnu, koje je također nekad bilo jedan od glavnih izvora životinjskih bjelančevina u hranidbi životinja, posebice peradi. Ovim se radom daje pregled mogućnosti korištenja alternativnih izvora bjelančevina, odnosno insekata, u hranidbi životinja te istražuje potencijalna upotreba posliježetvene biomase kao novog i inovativnog supstrata za uzgoj jestivih insekata. Posliježetveni ostatci sadrže ogromnu količinu potencijalnog supstrata za hranidbu raznih insekata. Pojedini insekti imaju sposobnost transformirati nutritivno siromašnu posliježetvenu biomasu s niskim udjelom proteina i visokim udjelom antioksidanata i tvrdokornih ugljikohidrata (celuloze i hemiceluloze) u esencijalne hranjive tvari potrebne za njihov rast modulacijom njihove probavne i bazalne diferencijalne ekspresije gena. Konverzija posliježetvene biomase u biomasu insekata za hranu za životinje mogla bi značajno pridonijeti zadovoljavanju budućih potreba na bjelančevinama za hranidbu peradi čiji će se proizvodi koristiti za prehranu sve bržerastuće svjetske populacije
Inteligencia emocional en apoderados chilenos confinados por la COVID-19
Authors: López-Angulo Yaranay , Mella-Norambuena Javier , Sáez-Delgado Fabiola , Álvarez-Jara Rodolfo
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN. La covid-19 ha tenido un impacto negativo en todas las sociedades y economías del mundo; por ende, todos los ámbitos de la vida se han visto impactados. El cierre de los establecimientos educativos, el aislamiento físico y la educación en línea desde la casa han sido varios de los desafíos que han tenido que enfrentar las familias, en especial, los apoderados o responsables de los estudiantes. OBJETIVO. Describir la inteligencia emocional en apoderados confinados, por la covid-19, de la región del Biobío, Chile. MÉTODO. Cuantitativo, no experimental, con un diseño descriptivo transversal. Participaron 79 apoderados, 73 mujeres y 6 hombres. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y una escala de inteligencia emocional. RESULTADOS. Los puntajes de inteligencia emocional percibida por la muestra al momento de la evaluación son medios, la dimensión de la inteligencia más desarrollada es la evaluación de las emociones propias. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. Dada la importancia de la inteligencia emocional, se sugiere investigar la relación de esta variable con otras psicoeducativas de interés en los distintos integrantes de la comunidad educativa.
THE DIFFICULTIES OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SOLVING HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS PROBLEMS
Authors: Hadi Samsul , Retnawati Heri , Munadi Sudji , Apino Ezi , Wulandari Nidya F.
Published: July 2020

International surveys, such as TIMSS and PISA, frequently put Indonesia in the low ranks. It is an indication that the higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of students in Indonesia are still low. This research aims to analyze students’ difficulties in solving problems that measure HOTS. This is a case study research with a qualitative approach. Participants studied were 93 high school students in grade XI. Data were collected using test instruments that measure HOTS, which was developed based on the standard contents of high school mathematics. The difficulties were analyzed descriptively by observing students’ errors in answering HOTS test items. Students’ errors were classified based on Newman’s Error Procedure (NEP). The result shows that around 8.33% of the students had difficulties in comprehension, 15.59% in transformation, 32.53% in process skills, and 1.34 % in encoding. Keywords: HOTS problem in mathematics, students’ difficulties, case study, Newman’s error procedure.
TEACHERS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRACTICAL AGRICULTURE CURRICULUM IN KENYA’S ARID AND SEMI ARID SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Kyule Miriam N. , Konyango Jacob J. J. O. , Nkurumwa Agnes O.
Published: July 2020

One of the major challenges of the 21st century is the increasing level of academic qualifications at the expense of relevance in education. School agriculture is one of the subjects which require teachers who as the principal implementers of the curriculum must be able to interpret agriculture curriculum objectives to meet societal needs. However, implementation of agriculture curriculum in Arid and Semi Arid Land (ASAL) secondary schools has fallen short of its expectations as it has not significantly influenced agricultural activities both in school and surrounding communities. Thus, the benefit of implementing agriculture curriculum in ASALs is yet to be fully achieved. The research sought to document the teacher factors influencing implementation of secondary school agriculture curriculum in ASAL schools in Kenya. The research focused on teacher training, teacher technical knowledge and skills about Dry Land Agriculture [DLA] practices and training and support. The research was carried out in ASAL counties of Baringo, Makueni and Narok. Survey research design was used. The researcher developed a semi-structured questionnaire to obtain data on the teacher factors from 88 agriculture teachers. The research results showed that most teachers were trained and professionally qualified thus expected to translate the curriculum objectives to learning activities relevant to ASALS. However, agriculture teachers were found to be deficient in terms of technical knowhow on DLA practices among them, insitu water harvesting and use of sunken beds. Agriculture teachers received insufficient support towards professional development. The support did not aim at DLA knowledge and skill enhancement towards agriculture curriculum implementation. Agriculture teachers’ inadequacy on DLA practices’ technical knowhow and lack of support towards professional development was impacting negatively on agriculture curriculum implementation in ASAL schools. The Government has a responsibility of ensuring that all ASAL schools are staffed with qualified teacher. Secondary school administrations in ASALs need to support teachers on continuous trainings that are relevant to agriculture curriculum implementation. Agriculture training program developers need to focus more on the acquisition of technical know on all DLA practices. Addressing the training inadequacies among agriculture teachers in ASAL schools will lead to a competent staff who can translate curriculum objectives into learning experiences that promote DLA in ASALs. This translation will in turn influence agricultural activities both in school and in the society for improved agricultural production.
Keywords: agriculture teachers, curriculum implementation, arid and semi arid lands, dry land agriculture.
Age-, sex-, and height-based blood pressure reference charts, Yazd children 6–18 years, Iran
Authors: ahmadi Nastaran , Mahdieh Namayandeh Seyedeh , Bafghi Seyed Mahmood Sadr , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Mirzaei Masoud , Sarebanhassanabadi Mohammadtaghi , Mehrparvar Amir Houshang , Faraji Reza , Nilforoshan Neda , Karimi Ahmad
Published: July 2020

Background: Pediatric hypertension is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric populations.Purpose: To examine pediatric hypertension in a clinical setting, we used the percentile rank approach and defined hypertension as that above the 95th percentile.Methods: The present study was linked to the a national analytical cross-sectional community-based Iranian Children and Adolescents’ Psychiatric Disorders (IRCAP) survey. The survey was nationwide and funded by the National Institute of Medical Research Development. The IRCAP survey included 31,000 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years in all 31 Iran provinces. The current study included 1,035 children and adolescents and linked the data of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease only in Yazd province via random cluster sampling.Results: Of the total participants, 456 (44.1%) were male and 579 (55.9%) were female. The mean age was 11.2±3.8 years (11.7±3.7 years for males, 11.0±3.6 years for females), while mean height was 146±20.0 cm overall, 147.2±22.0 cm for males, and 144.6±17.0 cm for females (P=0.009). The blood pressure distributions and percentiles were evaluated.Conclusion: Here we determined age- and height-specific 50th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of systolic and diastolic blood pressures in Yazd boys and girls using 10-cm height intervals.
Gender, Parenting, and Scholarly Productivity during the Global Pandemic
Authors: Breuning Marijke , Fattore Christina , Ramos Jennifer , Scalera Jamie
Published: July 2020

Has the global COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the scholarly productivity of academics? Do gender and parenting magnify its effect? To obtain insight into the changes the pandemic has wrought to the lives and careers of women and parents in academia, we surveyed scholars in political science and international studies. The survey was in the field during the period in which many academics experienced shelter-at-home orders and were adjusting to a new reality. It captures initial reactions to changed circumstances, as well as the fears and anticipated consequences of the disruptions. We find that perceptions of a negative impact are quite broadly shared. The open-ended responses suggest the pandemic may widen the gender and parent productivity gaps. Although further analysis is needed to better understand the effect of the pandemic on scholarly productivity, we conclude that the pandemic enhances existing structural inequalities.
Revisiting the Organismic Valuing Process Theory of Personal Growth: A Theoretical Review of Rogers and Its Connection to Positive Psychology
Authors: Maurer Mia M. , Daukantaitė Daiva
Published: July 2020

Humanistic and positive psychology have had a contentious past. Initially, positive psychology researchers have distanced themselves from humanistic psychology, proceeding to build an array of differentiated constructs relevant to an empirical study of well-being. Twenty years on, it is now generally acknowledged that humanistic psychology is the theoretical predecessor of positive psychology in terms of holistic growth theories. In this theoretical review, we aim to show how Carl Rogers’ organismic valuing process (OVP) theory can serve as a holistic framework for individual positive psychological research findings and theories and how positive psychology, in turn, provides empirical support for this meta-theoretical framework. An important motivation for considering personal growth as a process that integrates various aspects of well-being is theoretical integration, which can help us better understand how well-being develops in individuals across the lifespan. Some theoretical and practical implications of incorporating OVP theory into well-being research are also suggested.
The Genetic Mutation of ANO5 in Rabbits Recapitulates Human Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sui Tingting , Yao Hongwu , Zhang Tao , Li Jinze , Lai Liangxue , Li Zhanjun
Published: July 2020

The limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2L (LGMD2L) is caused by mutations of the ANO5 gene in humans which encodes a 913 amino-acid integral membrane protein. Although cardiomyopathy has been reported in patients with an ANO5 mutation, the ANO5 mutant mice did not recapitulate this phenotype in previous studies. This study demonstrated that the ANO5−/− rabbits recapitulated the typical signs of cardiomyopathy with decreased ejection fraction (EF) and fraction shortening (FS) with increased interstitial fibrosis. This ANO5−/− rabbit model would promote basic research to comprehend the pathogenesis and mechanism of ANO5-related cardiomyopathy.
Depression and Cognitive Impairment—Extrahepatic Manifestations of NAFLD and NASH
Authors: Colognesi Martina , Gabbia Daniela , De Martin Sara
Published: July 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its complication non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are important causes of liver disease worldwide. Recently, a significant association between these hepatic diseases and different central nervous system (CNS) disorders has been observed in an increasing number of patients. NAFLD-related CNS dysfunctions include cognitive impairment, hippocampal-dependent memory impairment, and mood imbalances (in particular, depression and anxiety). This review aims at summarizing the main correlations observed between NAFLD development and these CNS dysfunctions, focusing on the studies investigating the mechanism(s) involved in this association. Growing evidences point at cerebrovascular alteration, neuroinflammation, and brain insulin resistance as NAFLD/NASH-related CNS manifestations. Since the pharmacological options available for the management of these conditions are still limited, further studies are needed to unravel the mechanism(s) of NAFLD/NASH and their central manifestations and identify effective pharmacological targets.
Use of Biomarkers and Imaging for Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kato Shingo , Honda Kazufumi
Published: July 2020

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, and it is typically diagnosed late, with a poor prognosis. Early detection is the most important underlying factor for improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. One of the most effective strategies for detecting cancers at an early stage is screening of the general population. However, because of the low incidence of pancreatic cancer in the general population, the stratification of subjects who need to undergo further examinations by invasive and expensive modalities is important. Therefore, minimally invasive modalities involving biomarkers and imaging techniques that would facilitate the early detection of pancreatic cancer are highly needed. Multiple types of new blood biomarkers have recently been developed, including unique post-translational modifications of circulating proteins, circulating exosomes, microRNAs, and circulating tumor DNA. We previously reported that circulating apolipoprotein A2 undergoes unique processing in the bloodstream of patients with pancreatic cancer and its precancerous lesions. Additionally, we recently demonstrated a new method for measuring pancreatic proton density in the fat fraction using a fat–water magnetic resonance imaging technique that reflects pancreatic steatosis. In this review, we describe recent developments in potential biomarkers and imaging modalities for the early detection and risk stratification of pancreatic cancer, and we discuss current strategies for implementing screening programs for pancreatic cancer.
Temperature Profiling of Waterbodies with a UAV-Integrated Sensor Subsystem
Authors: Koparan Cengiz , Koc Ali Bulent , Sawyer Calvin , Privette Charles
Published: July 2020

Evaluation of thermal stratification and systematic monitoring of water temperature are required for lake management. Water temperature profiling requires temperature measurements through a water column to assess the level of thermal stratification which impacts oxygen content, microbial growth, and distribution of fish. The objective of this research was to develop and assess the functions of a water temperature profiling system mounted on a multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The buoyancy apparatus mounted on the UAV allowed vertical takeoff and landing on the water surface for in situ measurements. The sensor node that was integrated with the UAV consisted of a microcontroller unit, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor. The system measured water temperature and depth from seven pre-selected locations in a lake using autonomous navigation with autopilot control. Measurements at 100 ms intervals were made while the UAV was descending at 2 m/s until it landed on water surface. Water temperature maps of three consecutive depths at each location were created from the measurements. The average surface water temperature at 0.3 m was 22.5 °C, while the average water temperature at 4 m depth was 21.5 °C. The UAV-based profiling system developed successfully performed autonomous water temperature measurements within a lake.
Modelling and Recognition of Protein Contact Networks by Multiple Kernel Learning and Dissimilarity Representations
Authors: Martino Alessio , De Santis Enrico , Giuliani Alessandro , Rizzi Antonello
Published: July 2020

Multiple kernel learning is a paradigm which employs a properly constructed chain of kernel functions able to simultaneously analyse different data or different representations of the same data. In this paper, we propose an hybrid classification system based on a linear combination of multiple kernels defined over multiple dissimilarity spaces. The core of the training procedure is the joint optimisation of kernel weights and representatives selection in the dissimilarity spaces. This equips the system with a two-fold knowledge discovery phase: by analysing the weights, it is possible to check which representations are more suitable for solving the classification problem, whereas the pivotal patterns selected as representatives can give further insights on the modelled system, possibly with the help of field-experts. The proposed classification system is tested on real proteomic data in order to predict proteins’ functional role starting from their folded structure: specifically, a set of eight representations are drawn from the graph-based protein folded description. The proposed multiple kernel-based system has also been benchmarked against a clustering-based classification system also able to exploit multiple dissimilarities simultaneously. Computational results show remarkable classification capabilities and the knowledge discovery analysis is in line with current biological knowledge, suggesting the reliability of the proposed system.
Aggregated Conducted Electromagnetic Interference Generated by DC/DC Converters with Deterministic and Random Modulation
Authors: Loschi Hermes , Smolenski Robert , Lezynski Piotr , Nascimento Douglas , Demidova Galina
Published: July 2020

The assessment of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is important for both technical and legal reasons. This manuscript addresses specific issues that should be taken into account for proper EMC assessment of energy systems that use power electronic interfaces. The standardized EMC measuring techniques have been used in a laboratory setup consisting in two identical DC/DC converters with deterministic and random modulations. Measuring difficulties caused by the low frequency envelopes, resulting from frequency beating accompanying aggregation of harmonic components of similar frequencies, were indicated as a phenomenon that might lead to significant problems during the EMC assessment using currently binding standards. The experimental results describing deterministic and random modulated converters might be useful for practitioners implementing power interfaces in microgrids and power systems as well as for researchers involved in EMC assurance of power systems consisting in multiple power electronic interfaces.
Rapid Determination of Wood and Rice Husk Pellets’ Proximate Analysis and Heating Value
Authors: Liu Xiaodan , Feng Xuping , Huang Lingxia , He Yong
Published: July 2020

Biomass pellets are a potential renewable and clean energy source. With the advantages of perfect combustion performance and easy storage and transport, biomass pellets have gradually replaced fossil fuels and become widely used. Rapid and accurate determination of biomass pellets’ quality is critical to efficient energy use. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with chemometric methods were utilized. The gross calorific value (CV) and ash content (Ash), volatile matter (VM) and fixed carbon (FC) were firstly measured and analyzed. LIBS spectra and their corresponding elements of biomass pellet samples were analyzed. Three quantitative analysis models for quality indexes including partial least-squares regression (PLSR), least squares-support vector machines (LS-SVM), extreme learning machines (ELM) were further built. All models performed well, especially the LS-SVM model which obtained the best determination results, with all R2 values over 0.95. Concurrently, the modeling performance of ash was slightly better than that of the other three quality indexes, which further confirmed the feasibility of using relevant elements to predict biomass quality indexes. The overall results indicated that LIBS coupled with suitable chemometrics could be an alternative promising method to determine quality indexes of biomass pellets and further improve energy utilization by using biomass materials with better quality.
Thermoelectric Generation in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Dzulkfli Muhamad Shazrul bin , Pesyridis Apostolos , Gohil Dhrumil
Published: July 2020

Improving the efficiency of an internal combustion engine (ICE) leads to the reduction of fuel consumption, which improves the performance of a hybrid vehicle. Waste heat recovery (WHR) systems offer options to improve the efficiency of an ICE. This is due to the ICE releasing approximately one third of the combustion energy as waste heat into the atmosphere. This paper focuses on one such upcoming system by analysing the efficiency of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) used as a waste heat recovery system in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). It summarises how the efficiency of the TEG can be improved by considering parameters such as the size of module, materials used, and the number of modules needed for the TEG system. The results obtained are then compared with other types of WHR system such as the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and turbocompounding (T/C) implemented on the same type of engine. The research is based on a 1.8 L Toyota Prius-type engine. The TEG model simulated in this research can generate a maximum power of 1015 W at an engine speed of 5200 RPM. The overall system efficiency of TEG implemented on the HEV model is 6% with the average engine speed operating at 2000 RPM.
Effects of Inflow Shear on Wake Characteristics of Wind-Turbines over Flat Terrain
Authors: Uchida Takanori
Published: July 2020

The scope of the present study was to understand the wake characteristics of wind-turbines under various inflow shears. First, in order to verify the prediction accuracy of the in-house large-eddy simulation (LES) solver, called RIAM-COMPACT, based on a Cartesian staggered grid, we conducted a wind-tunnel experiment using a wind-turbine scale model and compared the numerical and experimental results. The total number of grid points in the computational domain was about 235 million. Parallel computation based on a hybrid LES/actuator line (AL) model approach was performed with a new SX-Aurora TSUBASA vector supercomputer. The comparison between wind-tunnel experiment and high-resolution LES results showed that the AL model implemented in the in-house LES solver in this study could accurately reproduce both performances of the wind-turbine scale model and flow characteristics in the wake region. Next, with the LES solver developed in-house, flow past the entire wind-turbine, including the nacelle and the tower, was simulated for a tip-speed ratio (TSR) of 4, the optimal TSR. Three types of inflow shear, N = 4, N = 10, and uniform flow, were set at the inflow boundary. In these calculations, the calculation domain in the streamwise direction was very long, 30.0 D (D being the wind-turbine rotor diameter) from the center of the wind-turbine hub. Long-term integration of t = 0 to 400 R/Uin was performed. Various turbulence statistics were calculated at t = 200 to 400 R/Uin. Here, R is the wind-turbine rotor radius, and Uin is the wind speed at the hub-center height. On the basis of the obtained results, we numerically investigated the effects of inflow shear on the wake characteristics of wind-turbines over a flat terrain. Focusing on the center of the wind-turbine hub, all results showed almost the same behavior regardless of the difference in the three types of inflow shear.
The Detection of Substitution Adulteration of Paprika with Spent Paprika by the Application of Molecular Spectroscopy Tools
Authors: Galvin-King Pamela , Haughey Simon A. , Elliott Christopher T.
Published: July 2020

The spice paprika (Capsicum annuum and frutescens) is used in a wide variety of cooking methods as well as seasonings and sauces. The oil, paprika oleoresin, is a valuable product; however, once removed from paprika, the remaining spent product can be used to adulterate paprika. Near-infrared (NIR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were the platforms selected for the development of methods to detect paprika adulteration in conjunction with chemometrics. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), a supervised technique, was used to develop the chemometric models, and the measurement of fit (R2) and measurement of prediction (Q2) values were 0.853 and 0.819, respectively, for the NIR method and 0.943 and 0.898 respectively for the FTIR method. An external validation set was tested against the model, and a receiver operating curve (ROC) was created. The area under the curve (AUC) for both methods was highly accurate at 0.951 (NIR) and 0.907 (FTIR). The levels of adulteration with 100% correct classification were 50–90% (NIR) and 40–90% (FTIR). Sudan I dye is a commonly used adulterant in paprika; however, in this study it was found that this dye had no effect on the outcome of the result for spent material adulteration.
Internet of Beer: A Review on Smart Technologies from Mash to Pint
Authors: Violino Simona , Figorilli Simone , Costa Corrado , Pallottino Federico
Published: July 2020

The beer production chain includes some crucial steps regarding processing, delivery, service, and consumption that can benefit from the implementation of IoT (Internet of Things) based technologies. Large breweries implemented the use of sensors and digitization before smaller ones among which are craft breweries. Internet of Beer (IoB) technologies are becoming accessible to mid and small sized brewing companies. Therefore, the objective of this work is to review mainly low-cost IoB smart technologies that can be implemented from the mash to the final product and its service, to improve the brewing production, control, delivery, and final quality increasing profitability. The reviewed applications were retrieved both from the scientific databases and from the web. The work is structured in three macro areas such as beer processing, product logistics and traceability, and service. The results show a future trend characterized by a very fast increase in the use of IoB (also open source) systems to drive efficiency, productivity, quality, and safety. This will be done by real-time monitoring and a data-driven decision support system (DSS). Crucial aspects needing further investigation are data ownership and data standardization. The access price of IoB devices and software is destined for a significant decrease while their diversification on the market will grow leading to a massive future implementation within all the production levels.
A Comprehensive Study on the Influence of Sodium Chloride on the Technological Quality Parameters of Soft Wheat Dough
Authors: Carcea Marina , Narducci Valentina , Turfani Valeria , Mellara Francesco
Published: July 2020

This study aimed at understanding how the presence or absence of NaCl influences dough rheological performance of soft wheat cvs. currently used in the Italian bread manufacturing industry as a scientific support to national health strategies to reduce the use of NaCl in bread. For this reason 176 flour samples belonging to 41 soft wheat cvs. currently cultivated in Italy, were analyzed for their protein content, Zeleny sedimentation value, and by means of the Chopin Alveograph and Brabender Farinograph, with no salt and with 1.5% salt addition (average salt content in Italian bread). Three selected cvs. (Aubusson, Bolero, and Blasco) were additionally studied by means of the Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) at three levels of salt addition (0%, 1.5% and 3.0%). The fermentation behaviour of the cvs. Aubusson and Blasco was also studied by means of a Rheofermentometer under the same conditions. The results of our study confirmed the role of salt in strengthening the wheat gluten network (up to 86%), and thus the gas retention of dough and in affecting yeast activity. However, it also definitely proved that careful cultivar selection can help in overcoming technical challenges in reduced-salt bread manufacturing and eventually, it opens the path to wheat breeding for reduced-salt bread baking.
Effect of Food Preparations on In Vitro Bioactivities and Chemical Components of Fucus vesiculosus
Authors: André Rebeca , Guedes Laura , Melo Ricardo , Ascensão Lia , Pacheco Rita , Vaz Pedro D. , Serralheiro Maria Luísa
Published: July 2020

Fucus vesiculosus is a brown macroalgae used in food and generally considered safe to be consumed, according to EU Directive (EC 258/97). The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of food preparation on F.vesiculosus of different origins on what concerns its chemical constituents and final bioactivities. The aqueous extract of the seaweeds were obtained at different temperatures, similar to food preparation and then purified by SPE. The compound identification was carried out by Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) and algae extracts microstructure were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The activities were determined by using antioxidant activity, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 3-hidroxi-3-methyl-glutaril-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGR) together with Caco-2 cells line simulating the intestinal barrier. The activity of AChE and the HMGR were inhibited by the extracts giving IC50 values of 15.0 ± 0.1 µg/mL and 4.2 ± 0.1 µg/mL, respectively and 45% of the cholesterol permeation inhibition. The main compounds identified were phlorotannins and peptides derivatives. The mode of preparation significantly influenced the final bioactivities. Moreover, the in vitro results suggest that the preparation of F. vesiculosus as a soup could have hypercholesterolemia lowering effect.
Use of Legumes in Extrusion Cooking: A Review
Authors: Pasqualone Antonella , Costantini Michela , Coldea Teodora Emilia , Summo Carmine
Published: July 2020

The traditional perception that legumes would not be suitable for extrusion cooking is now completely outdated. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have been conducted to assess the behavior of various types of legume flours in extrusion cooking, proving that legumes have excellent potential for the production of extruded ready-to-eat foods by partially or totally replacing cereals. This review identifies the optimal processing conditions for legume-based and legume-added extruded foods, which allow the improvement of the expansion ratio and give the extrudates the spongy and crisp structure expected by consumers. In particular, the effect of the individual processing parameters on the physical-chemical and nutritional properties of the final product is highlighted. The extrusion cooking process, indeed, has a positive effect on nutritional characteristics, because it induces important modifications on starch and proteins, enhancing their digestibility, and reduces the content of trypsin inhibitors, lectins, phytic acid, and tannins, typically present in legumes. Therefore, the extrusion of legume flours is a viable strategy to improve their nutritional features while reducing home preparation time, so as to increase the consumption of these sustainable crops.
Influence of the Microalga Chlorella vulgaris on the Growth and Metabolic Activity of Lactobacillus spp. Bacteria
Authors: Ścieszka Sylwia , Klewicka Elżbieta
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the algae Chlorella vulgaris on the growth, acidifying activity, proportion of lactic acid isomers, and enzymatic profile of Lactobacillus brevis (ŁOCK 0944, ŁOCK 0980, ŁOCK 0992, and MG451814) isolated from vegetable silages. The results indicated that adding algae at concentrations of 0.1% (w/v) and 1.5% (w/v) to the Lactobacillus spp. growth medium accelerated the growth of bacteria and thus shortened their phase of logarithmic growth. The acidifying activity of the tested Lactobacillus brevis increased with an increased concentration of algae. Lactobacillus spp. cultured in the presence of Chlorella vulgaris showed higher production of l-lactic acid and lower d-lactic acid production. Moreover, the addition of algae changed the enzymatic activity of lactic acid bacteria; for instance, Lactobacillus brevis ŁOCK 0980 demonstrated more enzymatic activity of valine arylamidase, α-galactosidase, and α-glucosidase. Combining Lactobacillus brevis with the algae Chlorella vulgaris allows for the creation of innovative, functional products which confer favorable properties to the final product and open new horizons for the food industry.
Effect of HNO3 and H2SO4 on the Paddy Ecosystem: A Mesocosm Study with Exposure at PNEC and HC50 Levels
Authors: Park Minseok , Hwang Wonjae , Son Jino , Wee June , Cho Kijong , Hyun Seunghun
Published: July 2020

Paddy mesocosms comprising of rice (Oryza sativa), snail (Pomacea canaliculata), and worm (Tubifex tubifex) were used to assess the damage caused by two acids (HNO3 and H2SO4) at predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) and hazardous concentration for 50% of species (HC50) levels. In the fourth week, the fresh weight and shoot height of O. sativa at H2SO4-HC50 were reduced by 83.2% and 30.3%, respectively. Wilted leaves (%) at HC50 were approximately twice that at PNEC. No P. canaliculata and T. tubifex were recovered at HC50. At H2SO4-PNEC, the length and weight of P. canaliculata were reduced by 7.4% and 25.9%, respectively, whereas fewer adult (46.5%) and juvenile (84%) T. tubifex were recovered. In the 20th week, rice growth and productivity were correlated with initial pH (pHi) and nitrogen levels. Poor correlation with chlorophyll at the active tillering stage suggests the disturbance of nutrient uptake by roots. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) results further supported that the pHi directly affects grain yield and quality, as well as plant growth. The indirect effect via intervening fourth-week-variables was also substantial. Therefore, it is important to measure initial pH upon acid spill to estimate the risk to the paddy ecosystem. Information on the change in soil properties associated with acidity will also aid in predicting the yield and quality of grain to be harvested.
The Effects of Chinese Seafarers’ Job Demands on Turnover Intention: The Role of Fun at Work
Authors: Gu Yuan , Liu Dongbei , Zheng Guoping , Yang Chuanyong , Dong Zhen , Tee Eugene Y. J.
Published: July 2020

This study examines how an occupational commitment and a fun work environment serve as important mechanisms that influence the job demands–turnover intentions relationship. On the basis of the job demands–resources model, the study explored the relationship between job demands, occupational commitment, fun at work, and turnover intention. The hypotheses were (1) that job demands would be positively associated with predicted turnover intention; (2) that occupational commitment would mediate the job demands–turnover intention link and (3) that a fun environment would moderate the relationship between job demands and occupational commitment and between job demands and turnover intention. The study sampled 294 seafarers using an online survey, and applied descriptive, correlative analysis and the PROCESS Macro to test the hypotheses. Findings provide preliminary support for the three hypotheses, and contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism determining seafarers’ turnover intention. The results suggest the importance of holding appropriate group activities on-board to help seafarers alleviate fatigue and stress.
Differences in the Disaster-Preparedness Behaviors of the General Public and Professionals: Evidence from Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Yong Zhuolin , Zhuang Linmei , Liu Yi , Deng Xin , Xu Dingde
Published: July 2020

Sichuan Province in China is one of the world’s most earthquake-stricken areas. Wenchuan and Lushan Counties in Sichuan and other earthquake-stricken areas contain rural settlements subject to geological disasters and poverty. However, there is little research on the characteristics of disaster-preparedness behavior and whether these differ between professionals and the general public in rural settlements with high earthquake risk and poverty. Using survey data from 327 farmers in rural settlements affected by major earthquakes in Wenchuan and Lushan Counties, independent-sample t-tests and chi-squared tests were used to test for differences in the disaster-preparedness behaviors of professionals and the general public. The results show that (1) there were significant differences in emergency-disaster preparedness, knowledge and skills preparedness and overall disaster-prevention preparedness, and (2) there was no significant difference in physical disaster-prevention preparation. Based on these results, the study suggests policy directions for regional poverty alleviation, disaster prevention and reduction and disaster management.
Urban Crime Risk Prediction Using Point of Interest Data
Authors: Cichosz Paweł
Published: July 2020

Geographical information systems have found successful applications to prediction and decision-making in several areas of vital importance to contemporary society. This article demonstrates how they can be combined with machine learning algorithms to create crime prediction models for urban areas. Selected point of interest (POI) layers from OpenStreetMap are used to derive attributes describing micro-areas, which are assigned crime risk classes based on police crime records. POI attributes then serve as input attributes for learning crime risk prediction models with classification learning algorithms. The experimental results obtained for four UK urban areas suggest that POI attributes have high predictive utility. Classification models using these attributes, without any form of location identification, exhibit good predictive performance when applied to new, previously unseen micro-areas. This makes them capable of crime risk prediction for newly developed or dynamically changing neighborhoods. The high dimensionality of the model input space can be considerably reduced without predictive performance loss by attribute selection or principal component analysis. Models trained on data from one area achieve a good level of prediction quality when applied to another area, which makes it possible to transfer or combine crime risk prediction models across different urban areas.
Platelet Lysate Induces in Human Osteoblasts Resumption of Cell Proliferation and Activation of Pathways Relevant for Revascularization and Regeneration of Damaged Bone
Authors: Nguyen Van Thi , Nardini Marta , Ruggiu Alessandra , Cancedda Ranieri , Descalzi Fiorella , Mastrogiacomo Maddalena
Published: July 2020

To understand the regenerative effect of platelet-released molecules in bone repair one should investigate the cascade of events involving the resident osteoblast population during the reconstructive process. Here the in vitro response of human osteoblasts to a platelet lysate (PL) stimulus is reported. Quiescent or very slow dividing osteoblasts showed a burst of proliferation after PL stimulation and returned to a none or very slow dividing condition when the PL was removed. PL stimulated osteoblasts maintained a differentiation capability in vitro and in vivo when tested in absence of PL. Since angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the bone healing process, we investigated in PL stimulated osteoblasts the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways, involved in both angiogenesis and bone regeneration. We observed phosphorylation of STAT3 and a strong induction, nuclear translocation and DNA binding of HIF-1α. In agreement with the induction of HIF-1α an enhanced secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) occurred. The double effect of the PL on quiescent osteoblasts, i.e., resumption of proliferation and activation of pathways promoting both angiogenesis and bone formation, provides a rationale to the application of PL as therapeutic agent in post-traumatic bone repair.
Epigenetic Landmarks of Leaf Senescence and Crop Improvement
Authors: Ostrowska-Mazurek Agnieszka , Kasprzak Piotr , Kubala Szymon , Zaborowska Magdalena , Sobieszczuk-Nowicka Ewa
Published: July 2020

This review synthesizes knowledge on epigenetic regulation of leaf senescence and discusses the possibility of using this knowledge to improve crop quality. This control level is implemented by different but interacting epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, and non-covalent chromatin remodeling. The genetic and epigenetic changes may act alone or together and regulate the gene expression, which may result in heritable (stress memory) changes and may lead to crop survival. In the review, the question also arises whether the mitotically stable epigenetic information can be used for crop improvement. The barley crop model for early and late events of dark-induced leaf senescence (DILS), where the point of no return was defined, revealed differences in DNA and RNA modifications active in DILS compared to developmental leaf senescence. This suggests the possibility of a yet-to-be-discovered epigenetic-based switch between cell survival and cell death. Conclusions from the analyzed research contributed to the hypothesis that chromatin-remodeling mechanisms play a role in the control of induced leaf senescence. Understanding this mechanism in crops might provide a tool for further exploitation toward sustainable agriculture: so-called epibreeding.
Molecular and Hormonal Regulation of Leaf Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ali Shahid , Khan Naeem , Xie Linan
Published: July 2020

Shoot apical meristems (SAM) are tissues that function as a site of continuous organogenesis, which indicates that a small pool of pluripotent stem cells replenishes into lateral organs. The coordination of intercellular and intracellular networks is essential for maintaining SAM structure and size and also leads to patterning and formation of lateral organs. Leaves initiate from the flanks of SAM and then develop into a flattened structure with variable sizes and forms. This process is mainly regulated by the transcriptional regulators and mechanical properties that modulate leaf development. Leaf initiation along with proper orientation is necessary for photosynthesis and thus vital for plant survival. Leaf development is controlled by different components such as hormones, transcription factors, miRNAs, small peptides, and epigenetic marks. Moreover, the adaxial/abaxial cell fate, lamina growth, and shape of margins are determined by certain regulatory mechanisms. The over-expression and repression of various factors responsible for leaf initiation, development, and shape have been previously studied in several mutants. However, in this review, we collectively discuss how these factors modulate leaf development in the context of leaf initiation, polarity establishment, leaf flattening and shape.