Būdvardžių naujadarai Albino Žukausko kūriniuose
Authors: Vaskelienė Jolanta 
Published: January 2021

The authors writing fiction works often do not limit themselves to conventional (fixed in dictionaries) lexicon and use neologisms. Neologisms are the derivatives which are not included in Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian, headings of Dictionary of Standard Lithuanian, Digital Supplementary Card Index of the Lithuanian Language Dictionary, and Database of Lithuanian Neologisms. The paper discusses the formation, semantics, and particularities of usage of adjective neologisms found in Albinas Žukauskas’ poetry works compiled in two volumes of collected writings. After analysis of 183 neologisms found in the works mentioned, the following conclusions have been drawn:
The adjective neologisms derived by means of all four types of derivation denoting various features are used in Žukauskas’ texts. The compounds make the largest group of neologisms (46 %); 83 % of compounds are formed with a connective vowel. The compounds are formed from the words belonging to different parts of speech, but most frequently from the adjective and the noun or two adjectives.
The derivatives of suffixes (30 % of all neologisms) are formed by adding 18 different suffixes: the largest group is composed of adjectives with -inis, -ė. The derivatives of prefixes make 10 % of all neologisms. The derivatives with the prefix po- denoting not full feature and be- derivatives denoting missing entity with the help of an underlying word dominate this group. Meanwhile,13 % of neologisms are of mixed formation or derivatives with the not fixed order of derivation stages. There are very little derivations with endings – they make only 1 % of all neologisms.
The absolute majority of neologisms are based on the underlying words included in the dictionaries. There are derivations of atypical derivation, e.g. the author uses the underlying words of complex morphemic structure or three underlying words.
The meaning of some neologisms is clear without a context; within a broader context the meaning of all adjectives becomes clear, even of those whose lexical meaning does not coincide with derivational meaning and the ones that have transferred meaning. Many derivatives are the names of colours. Some neologisms being of more complex structure essentially mean the same as the underlying words, and the formative of derivation only strengthens the meaning. A part of neologisms is formed due to analogy and is used alongside the derivative that has the same affix of derivation; other neologisms are used due to economy, repetition, specification, emphasis, or drawing the addressee’s attention. Since the texts are versed, the neologisms are also used for versification; the poet usually chooses the compounds with connecting vowels because they are by one syllable longer.
All neologisms are expressed by epithets: some of them are words with the direct meaning (they denote objective features of reality), others (individual epithets) subjectively describe the entities, reveal the poet’s awareness of life and original vision.
In the Corpus of Contemporary Lithuanian Language, 90 % of examples of neologisms were not found. Therefore, the majority of adjective neologisms might be created by the poet himself.