bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Context, Challenges, and Prospects for Agricultural Extension in Nigeria
Authors: Camillone Nina , Duiker Sjoerd , Bruns Mary , Onyibe Johnson , Omotayo Akinwumi
Published: December 2020

Agricultural extension programs have been implemented in Nigeria by governmental and nongovernmental agencies from the colonial era to the present day as a means toward bolstering economic development, rural livelihoods, food security, and trade relations. Nevertheless, funding and staffing levels in agricultural extension remain low compared to Nigeria’s farming population. With a brief review of past initiatives, current challenges, and potential opportunities, this article gives recommendations in three focus areas for maximizing the effectiveness of Nigerian agricultural extension: (1) prioritize human education over input provisioning in the definition of agricultural extension’s primary purpose; (2) aim for household food security, not solely business expansion, to ensure the inclusion of the most vulnerable farmers; and (3) foster multidirectional communication among academic researchers, extension agents, and farmers. Overall, this article argues that taking a farmer-centric educational approach to agricultural extension, rather than a farm-centric business approach, will have the most profound and sustained impact on Nigerian agricultural development.

Keywords: Nigeria; agricultural extension; rural development; fertilizer subsidies; farmer education; household food security; agribusiness; research-farmer linkage
Applying a Needs Assessment Model for Improving Agricultural Education in Guinea
Authors: Hanagriff Roger , Wallace Miraj , Elliot Jack
Published: December 2020

Extension education is considered an essential component of improving agricultural sustainability by diffusing innovations that increase crop yield and alleviate poverty in Guinea, Africa. To accomplish learning outcomes, extension agents must be confident and competent in their instructional abilities. This is achieved by self-evaluation of their training needs. The objective of this quantitative research was to conduct a needs assessment with leaders of the Farmer-to-Farmer educational program to identify their training needs. A purposive sample of thirteen higher-education leaders of the Farmer-to-Farmer program were asked to identify their educational needs and prioritize items contributing to the knowledge gap following their participation in a ten-day training. The Borich Needs Assessment Model was used to calculate the mean weighted discrepancy score (MWDS) of all items. The top five content areas with the greatest reported needs were: Power Point presentations (MWDS = 5.72), teaching financial management (MWDS = 5.51), using SWOT analysis (MWDS = 4.5), teaching marketing concepts (MWDS = 4.36) and incorporating stakeholders (MWDS = 4.35). Following a Pre/Post-Test, the top five content knowledge improvement areas and percent increase in reported knowledge were utilizing strategic planning (176%), using Borich (1970) for program needs assessment (153%), using SWOT analysis (122%), analyzing external influences in educational programs (115%) and strategies to conduct farm trials (67%). Respondents reported increased confidence in seeking stakeholder needs and building resources to increase program value. The results have implications to build education equity and sustainability in Guinea.

Keywords: Borich needs assessment, agricultural extension education, Guinea agriculture, program planning, strategic planning, Farmer-to-Farmer
Modern Women and Traditional Gender Stereotypes: An Examination of the Roles Women Assume in Thailand’s Agricultural System
Authors: Richardson Morgan , Roberts Richie
Published: December 2020

Previous research has demonstrated that empowering women in developing nations has been shown to enhance agricultural productivity and rural development. Although women in Southeast Asia are often considered to be more empowered than in other parts of the world, in Thailand, women still experience persistent barriers to gender equality. In response, this case study examined the positionality of women in Thailand’s agricultural sector by describing their underlying beliefs and values regarding their careers. As a result, three distinct themes emerged: (1) dichotomous gender roles, (2) the perpetuation of gender stereotypes, and (3) positive perceptions and beliefs in gender equality and women’s abilities. The findings illuminated that despite having a distinctly positive perception of themselves and their abilities, women internalize prescribed gender stereotypes in the agricultural industry in Thailand. Such views appeared to impede the participants’ sense of empowerment in the agricultural workforce. Moving forward, we recommend that extension professionals design programming to empower women in Thailand by tailoring professional development opportunities based on regional differences in regard to gendered customs, norms, and traditions. Further, additional research should be conducted to distill the specific topic areas that could be used to stir critical reflection and action among women in Thailand’s agricultural sector.

Keywords: agricultural development; gender equality; Thailand; women empowerment
Perceived Barriers Affecting Extension Agents’ Personal Resilience Post-Hurricane
Authors: Ali Amanda , Lindsey Angela , Harder Amy , Lundy Lisa , Roberts T. Grady
Published: December 2020

Related disaster stresses such as employee burnout negatively influences effective disaster response. The prevalence of hurricanes and other natural disasters impact Extension agents around the world. This research explored barriers affecting UF/IFAS Extension agents’ ability to effectively engage in post-hurricane response. Resilience and burnout literature led to a researcher-developed conceptual model. A basic qualitative research design facilitated face-toface and telephone interviews with UF/IFAS Extension agents engaged in hurricane-response efforts. Results showed mental and physical stress, performance deficits, and perceived lack of motivation negatively affected agents’ ability to engage in post-disaster response. Overall recommendations were to: (a) strengthen communication between Extension administration and county agents, (b) inform agents of ongoing disaster developments to clarify professional disaster expectations, and (c) provide trainings on mental health and coping strategies in disasters. Results of this research suggest this phenomenon should be examined in other Extension systems. Keywords: barriers, Extension, hurricane, personal resilience, post-disaster response
Open access to regional geoid models: the International Service for
the Geoid
Authors: Reguzzoni Mirko , Carrion Daniela , De Gaetani Carlo Iapige , Albertella Alberta , Rossi Lorenzo , Sona Giovanna , Batsukh Khulan , Toro Herrera Juan Fernando , Elger Kirsten , Barzaghi Riccardo , Sansó Fernando
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The International Service for the Geoid (ISG, https://www.isgeoid.polimi.it/ ) provides free access to a dedicated and comprehensive repository of geoid models through its website. In the archive, both the latest releases of the most important and well-known geoid models, as well as less recent or less known ones, are freely available, giving to the users a wide range of possible applications to perform analyses on the evolution of the geoid computation research field. ISG is an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). Its main tasks are collecting, analysing and redistributing local, regional and continental geoid models and providing technical support to people involved in geoid-related topics for both educational and research purposes. In the framework of its activities, ISG performs research taking advantage of its archive and organizes seminars and specific training courses on geoid determination, supporting students and researchers in geodesy as well as distributing training material on the use of the most common algorithms for geoid estimation. This paper aims at describing the data and services, including the newly implemented DOI Service for geoid models (https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/portal/?fq=subject:isg), and showing the added value of the ISG archive of geoid models for the scientific community and technicians, like engineers and surveyors (https://www.isgeoid.polimi.it/Geoid/reg_list.html).
ssNMRlib: a comprehensive library and tool box for acquisition of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments on Bruker spectrometers
Authors: Vallet Alicia , Favier Adrien , Brutscher Bernhard , Schanda Paul
Published: December 2020

Abstract. We introduce ssNMRlib, a comprehensive suite of pulse sequences and jython scripts for user-friendly solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data acquisition, parameter optimization and storage on Bruker spectrometers. ssNMRlib allows the straightforward setup of even highly complex multi-dimensional solid-state NMR experiments with a few clicks from an intuitive graphical interface directly from the Bruker Topspin acquisition software. ssNMRlib allows the setup of experiments in a magnetic-field-independent manner and thus facilitates the workflow in a multi-spectrometer setting with a centralized library. Safety checks furthermore assist the user in experiment setup. Currently hosting more than 140 1D to 4D experiments, primarily for biomolecular solid-state NMR, the library can be easily customized and new experiments are readily added as new templates. ssNMRlib is part of the previously introduced NMRlib library, which comprises many solution-NMR pulse sequences and macros.
Representation of population exchange at level anti-crossings
Authors: Rodin Bogdan A. , Ivanov Konstantin L.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A theoretical framework is proposed to describe the spin dynamics driven by
coherent spin mixing at level anti-crossings (LACs). We briefly introduce
the LAC concept and propose to describe the spin dynamics using a vector of
populations of the diabatic eigenstates. In this description, each LAC gives
rise to a pairwise redistribution of eigenstate populations, allowing one to
construct the total evolution operator of the spin system. Additionally, we
take into account that in the course of spin evolution a “rotation” of the
eigenstate basis case take place. The approach is illustrated by a number of
examples, dealing with magnetic field inversion, cross-polarization,
singlet-state nuclear magnetic resonance and parahydrogen-induced polarization.
Fault network reconstruction using agglomerative clustering: applications to southern Californian seismicity
Authors: Kamer Yavor , Ouillon Guy , Sornette Didier
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In this paper we introduce a method for fault network reconstruction based
on the 3D spatial distribution of seismicity. One of the major drawbacks of
statistical earthquake models is their inability to account for the highly
anisotropic distribution of seismicity. Fault reconstruction has been
proposed as a pattern recognition method aiming to extract this structural
information from seismicity catalogs. Current methods start from simple
large-scale models and gradually increase the complexity trying to explain
the small-scale features. In contrast the method introduced here uses a
bottom-up approach that relies on initial sampling of the small-scale
features and reduction of this complexity by optimal local merging of
substructures. First, we describe the implementation of the method through illustrative
synthetic examples. We then apply the method to the probabilistic absolute
hypocenter catalog KaKiOS-16, which contains three decades of southern
Californian seismicity. To reduce data size and increase computation
efficiency, the new approach builds upon the previously introduced catalog
condensation method that exploits the heterogeneity of the hypocenter
uncertainties. We validate the obtained fault network through a pseudo
prospective spatial forecast test and discuss possible improvements for
future studies. The performance of the presented methodology attests to the
importance of the non-linear techniques used to quantify location
uncertainty information, which is a crucial input for the large-scale
application of the method. We envision that the results of this study can be
used to construct improved models for the spatiotemporal evolution of
seismicity.
Magnetospheric chaos and dynamical complexity response during storm time disturbance
Authors: Oludehinwa Irewola Aaron , Olusola Olasunkanmi Isaac , Bolaji Olawale Segun , Odeyemi Olumide Olayinka , Njah Abdullahi Ndzi
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In this study, we examine the magnetospheric chaos and dynamical complexity response in the disturbance storm time (Dst) and solar wind electric field (VBs) during different categories of geomagnetic storm (minor, moderate and major geomagnetic storm). The time series data of the Dst and VBs are analyzed for the period of nine years using nonlinear dynamics tools (Maximal Lyapunov Exponent, MLE, Approximate Entropy, ApEn and Delay Vector Variance, DVV). We found a significant trend between each nonlinear parameter and the categories of geomagnetic storm. The MLE and ApEn values of the Dst indicate that chaotic and dynamical complexity response are high during minor geomagnetic storms, reduce at moderate geomagnetic storms and declined further during major geomagnetic storms. However, the MLE and ApEn values obtained in VBs indicate that chaotic and dynamical complexity response are high with no significant difference between the periods that are associate with minor, moderate and major geomagnetic storms. The test for nonlinearity in the Dst time series during major geomagnetic storm reveals the strongest nonlinearity features. Based on these findings, the dynamical features obtained in the VBs as input and Dst as output of the magnetospheric system suggest that the magnetospheric dynamics is nonlinear and the solar wind dynamics is consistently stochastic in nature.
Analysing stress field conditions of the Colima Volcanic Complex (Mexico) by integrating finite-element modelling (FEM) simulations and geological data
Authors: Massaro Silvia , Sulpizio Roberto , Norini Gianluca , Groppelli Gianluca , Costa Antonio , Capra Lucia , Lo Zupone Giacomo , Porfido Michele , Gabrieli Andrea
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In recent decades, finite-element modelling (FEM) has become a very popular tool in volcanological studies and has even been used to describe complex system geometries by accounting for multiple reservoirs, topography, and heterogeneous distribution of host rock mechanical properties. In spite of this, the influence of geological information on numerical simulations is still poorly considered. In this work, 2D FEM of the Colima Volcanic Complex (Mexico) is provided by using the Linear Static Analysis (LISA) software in order to investigate the stress field conditions with increasingly detailed geological data. By integrating the published geophysical, volcanological, and petrological data, we modelled the stress field considering either one or two magma chambers connected to the surface via dykes or isolated (not connected) in the elastic host rocks (considered homogeneous and non-homogeneous). We also introduced tectonic disturbance, considering the effects of direct faults bordering the Colima Rift and imposing an extensional far-field stress of 5 MPa. We ran the model using the gravity in calculations. Our results suggest that an appropriate set of geological data is of pivotal importance for obtaining reliable numerical outputs, which can be considered a proxy for natural systems. Beside and beyond the importance of geological data in FEM simulations, the model runs using the complex feeding system geometry and tectonics show how the present-day Colima volcanic system can be considered in equilibrium from a stress state point of view, in agreement with the long-lasting open conduit dynamics that have lasted since 1913.
Comment on “Estimating the depth and evolution of intrusions at resurgent calderas: Los Humeros (Mexico)” by Urbani et al. (2020)
Authors: Norini Gianluca , Groppelli Gianluca
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A multiple shallow-seated magmatic intrusion model has
been proposed by Urbani et al. (2020) for the resurgence of the Los Potreros
caldera floor, in the Los Humeros volcanic complex (LHVC). This model predicts (1) the occurrence of localized bulges in the otherwise undeformed caldera
floor, and (2) that the faults corresponding to different bulges exhibit
different spatial and temporal evolution. Published data and a morphological
analysis show that these two conditions are not met at Los Potreros caldera.
A geothermal well (H4), located at the youngest supposed bulge (Loma Blanca)
for which Urbani et al. (2020) calculated an intrusion depth (425±170 m), does not show any thermal and lithological evidence of such a
shallow-seated cryptodome. Finally, published stratigraphic data and
radiometric dating disprove the proposed common genesis of Holocene
resurgence faulting and viscous lavas extruded in the centre of the caldera.
Even if recent shallow intrusions do exist in the area, published data
indicate that the pressurization of the LHVC magmatic–hydrothermal system
driving resurgence faulting occurs at greater depth. Thus, we suggest that
the model and calculation proposed by Urbani et al. (2020) are unlikely to
have any relevance to the location, age and emplacement depth of magma
intrusions driving resurgence at the Los Potreros caldera.
Seismic gaps and intraplate seismicity around Rodrigues Ridge (Indian Ocean) from time domain array analysis
Authors: Singh Manvendra , Rümpker Georg
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Rodrigues Ridge connects the Réunion hotspot track with the Central Indian Ridge (CIR) and has
been suggested to represent the surface expression of a sub-lithospheric flow channel. From global
earthquake catalogues, the seismicity in the region has been associated mainly with events related
to the fracture zones at the CIR. However, some segments of the CIR appear void of seismic
events. Here, we report on the seismicity recorded at a temporary array of 10 seismic stations
operating on Rodrigues Island from September 2014 to June 2016. The array analysis was performed
in the time domain by time shifting and stacking the complete waveforms. Event distances
were estimated based on a 1-D velocity model and the travel time differences between S and
P wave arrivals. We detected and located 63 new events that were not reported by the global
networks. Most of the events (51) are located off the CIR and can be classified as intraplate
earthquakes. Local magnitudes varied between 1.6 and 3.7. Four seismic clusters were observed that occurred to the west of the spreading
segment of the CIR. The Rodrigues Ridge appeared to be
aseismic during the period of operation. The lack of seismic activity along both Rodrigues Ridge
and the sections of the CIR to the east of Rodrigues may be explained by partially molten
upper-mantle material, possibly in relation to the proposed material flow between the Réunion
plume and the CIR.
The effect of business regulation on social progress
Authors: Ghazaouni Kenza
Published: December 2020

This study sought to determine the effect of business regulation on social progress. The dependent variable, social progress, was measured in terms of social progress index of the sampled countries. On the other hand, the independent variable, business regulation, was measured in terms of business regulation score. Consequently, the study used secondary data from a sample of 248 countries over a period of five years (2014-2018). In order to determine the appropriate model for analysis, the study conducted the Hausman test where it was established that the random effect model was more appropriate as compared to the fixed effect model. Using the Stata computer program to run multiple regression analysis of the random effect model, the study findings indicated that business regulation has a positive and significant effect on social progress as given across all the six models that were estimated in this study. However, the overall effect of regulation, as given by the estimated regression coefficients under the respective models, kept varying with the introduction of an additional control variable. These findings were in accordance with the study expectations that business regulation significantly affects social progress. Further, the findings implied that, governments should devote additional resources towards addressing the social indicators of progress to meaningfully improve the living standards of residents, instead of solely focusing on economic and environmental factors. On the other hand, considering that the current study did not categorize countries according to their levels of development, it recommends for further research to determine the effect of business regulation on social progress in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries to allow for comparison of findings from countries that are at different levels of development.
The effect of e-learning in developing high thinking skills
Authors: Rababa Ni’mat
Published: December 2020

This research aims to investigate the impact of adopting e-learning in an attempt to enhance higher thinking skills among students at the University of Jordan. In addition, we examine the relationship between e-learning and higher thinking skills and identify the effect of e-learning on higher thinking skills at the University of Jordan. The study examines the effect of using e-learning effectiveness and its effect on developing higher students’ thinking skills at the university level. The study also focuses on intellectual education for high-level thinking and the impact of the e-learning environment on a group of students at the University of Jordan. The target community for this study is undergraduate students at the University of Jordan, in Amman, Jordan. The resulted sample consists of 45 students. During the experiment, two research tools were used to analyze the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The quantitative data are collected from the students’ perception analyzed using some statistical tests. The results of the research indicate that students could be helped to enhance higher-order thinking skills and maybe enriched by integrating an e-learning model into teaching and learning. There is also a positive relationship between e-learning and higher thinking skills at the University of Jordan. The experimental results of this study indicate several results, as the adoption of the e-learning model led to a significant improvement in the higher thinking skills of students. The e-learning model can remove many social and cultural barriers.
The effect of digital technology development on economic growth
Authors: Irtyshcheva Inna
Published: December 2020

The article simulates the impact of the digital technologies’ development on economic growth, which makes it possible to find ways to improve the quality of various spheres of life and identify areas of the economy, the accelerated digitalization of which will ensure an increase in gross domestic product (GDP). The research used groupings of economic activities that directly influence the development of the digital economy. Using the data of regression models, the coefficients of GDP elasticity from the development of the studied sectors were calculated and used to forecast GDP under the development influence of the studied sectors while maintaining the existing trends. The dynamics of the e-commerce market development in Ukraine, the dynamics of production volumes of products (services) of the main types of economic activities in the field of digital transformation of the economy in Ukraine, the dynamics of financial results of enterprises in the information and telecommunications sector in Ukraine, the dynamics of capital investments in the field of information and communications of Ukraine, the dynamics of foreign investment in the development of the type of economic activity “information and telecommunications” in Ukraine, the dynamics of the development of the main areas of digitalization of the Ukrainian economy in 2010-2018 and the dynamics of GDP in actual prices were revealed. A correlation and regression analysis of the impact of the main indicators of the digital technologies sectors development on Ukraine's GDP is also carried out. The forecast extrapolation trend of production growth volumes of products and services in the information sector of Ukraine was built. A forecast of GDP growth in Ukraine has been constructed, taking into account the processes of digitalization of the economy in accordance with certain trends. The forecast dynamics of changes in GDP under the influence of the IT sector development until 2023 was also illustrated. It was found that Ukraine lags significantly behind most developed countries in terms of the level of industrial production development of information and communication technologies and equipment, Ukraine is completely import-dependent in this area. It has been proved that stimulating the development of information and communication technologies has significant prospects for activating digitalization processes in all spheres of the economy and society and increasing GDP.
Teaching Open Literacies
Authors: Croeser Sky
Published: December 2020

University teaching, particularly teaching with and about digital technologies, can play a role in developing and expanding open literacies. At the same time, we face a range of challenges as teachers. The managerial focus on measuring and quantifying teaching and learning outcomes within academia often works against the evidence on pedagogical best practice. Despite claims made about ‘digital natives’, we find that students of all ages frequently have difficulty sorting through the mass of information available online. It is not enough, as teachers, to simply provide content to students, or even to ‘engage’ students through gamified learning and other digitally supported teaching methods. To effectively support open literacies within university education we need to question institutionalized practices, including commitment to discipline canon and to a depoliticized, depersonalized approach to teaching. In order to be effective, I argue that our pedagogies must be diverse, context-dependent, and reflexive.
Singular they in context
Authors: Moulton Keir , Han Chung-hye , Block Trevor , Gendron Holly , Nederveen Sander
Published: December 2020

There is a growing experimental and theoretical literature on singular they, much of it focusing on the nature of the antecedents it takes (Foertsch & Gernsbacher 1997; Bjorkman 2017; Doherty & Conklin 2017; Prasad 2017; Ackerman et al. 2018; Ackerman 2018a; Ackerman 2018b; Conrod 2018; Ackerman 2019; Camilliere et al. 2019; Conrod 2019; Konnelly & Cowper 2020). We conducted two experiments which, in contrast to earlier studies, manipulated whether the gender of the referent of singular they is known to the discourse participants and whether there is a linguistic antecedent for singular they. We found that the presence of an antecedent ameliorates the acceptability of singular they—even in a context where the gender of the referent may be known to the hearer. We interpret this novel finding as revealing how a linguistic antecedent can signal the irrelevance of gender in a discourse and thereby licenses singular they. We also find a trend, inversely correlated with age, toward higher acceptability of even deictic singular they in gender known contexts, partially bearing out findings in Bjorkman (2017), Conrod (2019), and Konnelly & Cowper (2020) about innovative users of singular they.
Determinantes de las condiciones de empleo de los egresados de programas de doctorado del Padrón Nacional de Posgrados de Calidad en México. Una apuesta por las redes
Authors: Yañez  Rivas Gabriela
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es conocer cuáles son los factores que influyen en el empleo, considerando las condiciones laborales (salario y jornada laboral) así como las prestaciones laborales (seguridad social contrato, aguinaldo y vacaciones) de los doctores egresados de posgrados incorporados al Padrón Nacional de Posgrados de Calidad (PNPC) del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) estableciendo la existencia de diferencias significativas antes y después de obtener el grado. Para ello se aplicó una cuestionario en línea y con la información recolectada se construyó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para evaluar los efectos directos e indirectos de diferentes factores que, de acuerdo con la literatura, intervienen en las condiciones laborales de una persona, identificándose como factores influyentes: a) la calidad de los programas de posgrado, b) las oportunidades de vinculación que ofrecen las Instituciones de Educación Superior donde se estudia el doctorado, c) las condiciones socioeconómicas, y d) las redes personales de los egresados hechas durante su estancia en el posgrado.
Avatares de las politicas públicas en salud mental y su atención sociocomunitaria
Authors: Bega Martínez Renata
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo intentará analizar las políticas públicas destinadas a la salud mental en el territorio argentino, fundamentalmente las relacionadas a la modalidad de atención socio comunitaria y su implementación, una vez establecida ella como uno de los grandes objetivos del Plan Nacional de Salud Mental. En tal sentido, se buscará remarcar sus características y dispositivos principales a lo largo del período 2014-2019 para luego repensar desde una mirada crítica las principales barreras y desafíos en pos de su efectividad como política pública integral, con una mirada orientada en los derechos humanos de los ciudadanos/as a quienes se dirige. Finalmente, se podrá concluir que, pese a las experiencias satisfactorias y los avances significativos en lo propuesto por el Plan Nacional de Salud Mental, la atención comunitaria en salud mental como política pública integral y nacional es hasta el momento un desafío y un objetivo pendiente pero con alternativas posibles para concretarlo.
Transitioning from registered nurse to clinical nurse educator in the year of the nurse and midwife
Authors: Heathcote Valerie , Green Janet
Published: December 2020

Clinical nurse educators provide educational support for clinicians delivering direct patient care. This is an important function that demonstrably increases the application of Evidence Based Practice. The transition from registered nurse to clinical nurse educator is examined in a pragmatic way to offer assistance to those effected by the role change. This paper has ultilized an integrative review to examine literature about the transition from registered nurse to clinical nurse educator. Numerous aspects of the transition are considered including some of the changes that are occurring and their potential impact. Negative experiences that may be encountered have been explored and strategies suggested to ameliorate them. Discussion has been provided on the importance of professional development, self-understanding and reflective practice. Consideration is given to orientation and communication, the competence required, and the benefits of collegial relationships. The very presence of a high performing clinical nurse educator can also have a direct effect on the culture of a workplace to encourage nurses towards professional growth by providing ongoing learning through organisational and self-directed education. The purpose of this paper is to provide some practical insights and strategies for assisting this transition, particularly in the year of the nurse and midwife.
Building Literacies at Tertiary Level: Integrated Tests for Reading Comprehension and Written Expression to Algerian University Learners
Authors: Bekkar Miloud , Ouerrad Belabbés
Published: December 2020

This article considers some of the reasons teachers usually regard literature as an appropriate tool of language classroom learning. These of literary texts can be a powerful pedagogic tool. This study describes some of the approaches to teaching literature and provides a rationale for integrating the teaching of literature as an approach to language classroom. For university teachers, the study of literature is indispensable because it exposes students to meaningful contexts. Integrating reading comprehension and written expression at university involves the effectiveness of literature type and the objectives planned. In this sequence, two experimental reading tests are administered.
A Prototypical Model on Hakka Serial Verb Constructions
Authors: Tseng Yu-Ching
Published: December 2020

This research paper provides a meaning-based account to examining Hakka syntactic constructions that comprise multiple verbs in their scope. The investigation is based on an interdisciplinary approach from the interface of syntax and semantics. The paper is organized into two main parts. The first part of this paper claims that the prototypical construction of the serial verb construction is a syntactic configuration that contains two verbs in the same clause, indicating two interdependent subevents happening at close time intervals. In addition, the paper proposes that greater distance in structural and semantic interdependence between the two verbs forms a gradation deviating from the prototype. In this part, a prototype model, rather than a criterial attribute model, is adopted to define the Hakka serial verb construction (SVC). The second part of paper provides a typological study that classifies the Hakka SVCs into subtypes based on the syntactic structure and the semantic relationship of the component verbs. Syntactic tests are used to test the clausehood of the multi-verb constructions identified in this part.
A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Industrial Vertical Farming Using Film Farming Technology
Authors: Zhang Zitian , Rod Michel , Hosseinian Farah
Published: December 2020

Rapid population growth is expected to lead to the global population reaching 8.9 billion by 2050. In order to sustain such population growth, global food production must grow more than 70% by 2050. Arable land per capita, however, is on the decline. Vertical farming (VF) provides an enterprising solution to these concerns. VF utilizes stacked levels of growing racks and beds to maximize grow space per square foot of land and typically uses hydroponics to reduce water use. Similarly, film farming (FF) is a new agricultural technique developed in Japan for the soilless cultivation of crops while drastically reducing water use. FF has the potential to be integrated into VF systems to improve water use efficiency, and further improve food safety. This, however, relies on the possible improvements in yield and plant quality to increase sales volume and price to offset the added cost of FF. This review illustrates a cost-benefit analysis of a theoretical VF to show the yield increase and price point needed for FF integration to be viable as 27 247 kg (43.57%) and $9.67/kg (26.90%) respectively. This review also shows the benefits to yield and quality is enough for the integration to be viable.
Single-Step Heat Treatment for the Restoration of Mechanical Properties of Cold-Strained Mining Support Steel 31Mn4
Authors: Lojen Gorazd , Mayer Janez , Bončina Tonica , Zupanič Franc
Published: December 2020

The steel 31Mn4+QT630 is used frequently for mining support arches. The supports are cold strained, first during service, and again by re-rolling prior to reinstallation, which results in strain hardening and a loss of ductility. Consequently, many of the rerolled arch-segments are not suitable for reinstallation because their mechanical properties are inadequate. The objective of this work was to assess the feasibility of restoration of the required mechanical properties by means of a cost-efficient single step heat treatment. Specimens were cold deformed to different degrees in the range 0 % to 45 % to establish the relation between the degree of cold deformation and the hardness. Differently strain hardened specimens were subjected to subcritical annealing at temperatures 450 °C to 700 °C in the duration 0.5 h to 8 h to determine a suitable time-temperature combinations. Microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated of as-received, cold strained and recrystallized specimens. Tests performed were optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, tensile tests, hardness measurements and Charpy impact tests. Elongation at break of the as-received material was below the requirements of the applicable standard, and its microstructure contained significant fractions of pre-eutectoid ferrite and pearlite. Upon cold straining, hardness increased by approximately 2 HV per 1 % of strain. After one-hour recrystallization at 600 °C to 620 °C, the microstructure consisted of a ferritic matrix containing evenly dispersed globular carbide particles. The original ductility was restored, while the elongation, yield strength, and hardness were higher than in the as-received condition. These results confirmed that it is feasible to restore the original mechanical properties of heavily strained profiles with an adequate single-step heat treatment. Furthermore, they indicated that it should be possible to recover the required properties of inhomogeneously strained material with the same set of well optimized heat treatment parameters. Consequently, it should be possible to increase the reuse rate and to decrease the costs for new support arches significantly.
El abandono de los animales en tiempos de pandemia: perspectiva constitucional, civil y penal
Authors: Varona Jiménez Alberto
Published: December 2020

El Covid-19 ha obligado a adoptar medidas con una incidencia directa en los derechos fundamentales de las personas y que han afectado al bienestar social de los ciudadanos, pero cabría preguntarse por los efectos de esta pandemia en los animales. A pesar de algunas medidas del poder ejecutivo, los animales han sido unos de los grandes olvidados. La descosificación de los animales sigue siendo un objetivo imprescindible en nuestro derecho. Los avances habidos en los últimos años en el campo del derecho penal son una esperanza, pero todavía queda un largo camino por recorrer.
Covid-19: How Industrial Animal Agriculture Fuels Pandemics
Authors: Lymbery Philip
Published: December 2020

The battle against the Coronavirus pandemic is without doubt the biggest global crisis in a lifetime. Could it be that the way we now produce so much of our food worldwide is already brewing up the next one? Whilst society has gone into battle with the virus, our invisible enemy, the truth is we’ve been locked in an almighty battle for some time now. At its heart lies factory farming. Keeping animals caged, crammed and confined – the way most farmed animals are now reared – provides the ideal breeding ground for new and more deadly strains of virus. Swine flu and highly pathogenic Avian flu being but two examples. Whilst Covid-19 is believed to be born out of the ill-treatment of animals caught up in wet markets and the illegal wildlife trade, it shows strong parallels with these other viruses of factory farmed origin. Both Swine flu and Avian Influenza – originating in pigs and chickens – have been devastating. The 2009 Swine flu pandemic went on to kill possibly half a million people worldwide.  The next pandemic could well come from an incarcerated pig or chicken. From animals ‘grown’ like mere commodities and fed on the fruits of deforestation. Without ending the intensive farming conditions that promote the emergence of novel strains of viral disease, the next pandemic could well be on our plate.
Covid-19 y animales, ¿una oportunidad para la abolición de la esclavitud especista?
Authors: Olalde Vázquez Brenda Yesenia
Published: December 2020

La pandemia por SARS-COV-2, ha exigido al animal humano tomar acciones de salvaguarda, inclusive, lo ha llevado a reflexionar con mayor atención sobre su relación con los demás animales. Frente al panorama actual de contingencia, el ámbito jurídico debe prepararse para ampliar consideraciones de protección jurídica e iniciar el camino de la abolición de la esclavitud especista.
Crónica sobre el Webinar Coronavirus y Animales
Authors: Fructuoso González Iván
Published: December 2020

A lo largo de más de tres semanas, entre el 22 de junio y el 15 de julio de este año, se celebró el Webinar Coronavirus y Animales, organizado por el ICALP, dedicado al análisis del impacto del Covid 19 en los animales y a la relación humano-animal en los tiempos de pandemia.
Reseña de Eugenio de Salazar, Silva de poesía, ed. Jaime José Martínez Martín
Authors: Gorji Khatereh
Published: December 2020

Reseña de Eugenio de Salazar, Silva de poesía, edición crítica de Jaime José Martínez Martín
El ideal de feminidad difundido por 'La Guirnalda' (1867-1883)
Authors: Irisarri Gutiérrez Raquel
Published: December 2020

La prensa femenina española, sobre todo a partir del reinado isabelino, actuó como uno de los medios de manifestación de la imagen social de la mujer y transmisión del arquetipo femenino burgués predominante. No obstante, el convulso panorama español de las últimas décadas del siglo XIX hará que dicho modelo aparentemente inmutable se redefina ante la influencia de los debates e iniciativas en torno a la cuestión femenina. El objeto de este artículo es presentar un estudio de caso con la revista La Guirnalda (Madrid, 1867-1883), el cual permita una reconstrucción del modelo de feminidad propagado por los estratos dominantes de la sociedad, las herramientas empleadas en ello y las adaptaciones del ideal ante la influencia de los contramodelos.
La protección de la naturaleza: problemáticas, métodos e historiografía
Authors: Gil Farrero Judit
Published: December 2020

Los espacios protegidos, más allá de su importancia natural y científica, son un reflejo del conjunto de valores y percepciones culturales de la sociedad que ha decidido su conservación. Así pues, la protección de la naturaleza es una cuestión compleja con múltiples facetas que se debe abordar de manera integral y con perspectiva histórica para dar visibilidad a los conflictos ambientales, a menudo latentes, que caracterizan los procesos de declaración de estos espacios. Esta propuesta historiográfica y metodológica se enmarca en la historia ambiental y presenta herramientas provenientes de este campo y de otras áreas afines, como la ecología política, la antropología ambiental o la geografía, que permiten ir más allá de los conocidos valores naturales y científicos de estos lugares para centrarse en los aspectos más humanos y sociales de los procesos que desembocan en la declaración de un espacio natural protegido. Es, pues, un abordaje interdisciplinar para una cuestión intrínsecamente interdisciplinar como es cualquier tema ambiental, la protección de la naturaleza entre ellos.
Los capuchinos y las buenas lecturas. La oferta libresca de la imprenta 'El Heraldo', Cartago, Costa Rica (1913-1965)
Authors: Quesada Rivera Eugenio
Published: December 2020

El propósito de este artículo es analizar la oferta de los libros que podían adquirirse en la imprenta El Heraldo, propiedad de los frailes capuchinos en Cartago, Costa Rica, entre 1913 y 1965. El análisis se realiza desde la perspectiva de la historia de la lectura, hija de la escuela francesa de los Annales y se emplean los listados de libros y folletos publicados en la revista El Heraldo Seráfico como fuente principal. Se concluye que estos religiosos implantaron en Costa Rica las ideas de León XIII y que siguieron el modelo desarrollado previamente por su Orden en Cataluña.
¿Qué leían los cruzados argentinos? Las lecturas del nacionalismo católico a través de 'Cabildo' (1973-1976)
Authors: Pattin Sebastián
Published: December 2020

En el siguiente artículo se aborda la revista nacionalista católica Cabildo desde una perspectiva sensible a la historia intelectual. El objetivo es ampliar y completar, a partir de las lecturas promocionadas en las publicidades y de los libros reseñados, el universo de representaciones políticas y religiosas. Luego de presentar la revista, largamente estudiada por la historiografía, se analizan las publicidades identificando redes intelectuales locales, pero también transnacionales. En forma posterior se examinan tres reseñas dedicadas a la lectura de la historia, la ciencia ficción y la guerra contrarrevolucionaria. Se concluye que el nacionalismo católico, lejos de impugnar la modernidad en un nivel ontológico, trazó un diálogo práctico bajo la condición de corregir sus peligrosas derivas.
Insurgencia y contrainsurgencia en América Latina tras la Revolución cubana
Authors: Pizarro Leongómez Eduardo
Published: December 2020

Al amanecer del 1 de enero de 1959 se fugó hacia la República Dominicana el general Fulgencio Batista y entraron a La Habana las guerrillas triunfantes. Era el nacimiento del mito guerrillero en América Latina. En los años siguientes surgieron movimientos guerrilleros en todos los países de la región (con la sola excepción de Costa Rica), despertando un enorme temor, tanto en Washington como en todos los gobiernos latinoamericanos. En este artículo se analiza, en primer término, el impacto que produjo la Revolución Cubana y las respuestas erróneas que hubo tanto en Washington como en la Organización de Estados Americanos, que solo sirvieron para radicalizar a los líderes cubanos. Y, en segundo término, revisa los dos modelos contrainsurgentes que se implementaron en la región, los unos fundados en la Escuela Inglesa inspirada en la idea de “ganarse el corazón y la mente” de la población y los otros en la Escuela Francesa y la Doctrina de la Seguridad Nacional, inspirados en la idea del enemigo interior.
Introducción
Authors: Pérez Garzón Juan Sisinio
Published: December 2020

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Revisores 2019
Authors: Rubrica Contemporanea Revista
Published: December 2020

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Aprendizagem significativa no contexto do ensino remoto
Authors: Cruz Jucelia , Tavares Elisabeth Dos Santos , Costa Michel
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo registra parte de uma pesquisa de um mestrado profissional intitulada “As tecnologias de comunicação e informação como fator motivacional para o ensino fundamental”. Os estudos foram, em seguida, ampliados acerca da aprendizagem significativa considerando o contexto do ensino remoto com a adoção da suspensão das aulas presenciais em virtude da pandemia de COVID-19. Apresenta-se uma descrição do que vem a ser essa aprendizagem, em que condições ela pode ocorrer e as formulações iniciais sobre o tema a partir da visão de estudiosos como Ausubel e seus colaboradores e possibilidades de ensino e aprendizagem com uso de TIC – Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação para o processo educativo. Tais formulações e estudos propiciam uma reflexão quanto às possibilidades desses recursos como facilitadoras na construção do conhecimento pelo aluno do Ensino Fundamental de forma significativa e crítica. A pesquisa desvelou desigualdades sociais dos educandos de uma instituição pública de ensino e lacunas na formação docente no uso de recursos tecnológicos.
Desafios dos estudantes trabalhadores da UFPel (2019- 2020)
Authors: Da Silva Langhanz Milena , Almeida Gill Lorena
Published: December 2020

O artigo pretende analisar as formas de trabalho encontradas pelos estudantes da UFPel para complementar a renda, necessárias, muitas vezes, para a sua manutenção na Universidade. Para isso, foram utilizados os conceitos de informalidade e vulnerabilidade social, a partir de autores como Antunes (1999), Pochmann (2008), Noronha (2003) e Castel (1997). A metodologia empregada foi uma análise quali-quantitativa, por meio do lançamento, nas redes sociais, de um questionário on-line via google forms, com trinta e três questões abertas e fechadas. Para a análise do conteúdo utilizou-se o software Excel. Coletou-se 184 respostas, de alunos oriundos de vinte e duas unidades acadêmicas e trinta e cinco diferentes graduações. As respostas, especialmente as abertas, apresentaram as dificuldades com as quais os estudantes vivem, bem como a necessidade de a Universidade mudar, tendo em vista não só incluir, mas fazer com que essas pessoas permaneçam no espaço educacional.