bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Artistic Structure of Perceptive Space in the Story “A Lear of the Steppes” by I. S. Turgenev
Authors: Huixin Ji , Rogachova Natalia A.
Published: March 2020

This article scrutinizes I. S. Turgenev’s “A Lear of the Steppes” and the artistic structure of its perceptual space. The story, written in 1870, finds its place between the middle and the last periods of the author’s artistic life and combines realistic, mystic, and fantastic features. The purpose of this work is to show the “ambivalent essence” of the protagonist in a composition of visual, acoustic, and olfactory artistic space. These aspects were studied on olfactory codes and landscape imagery. The novelty of the current research lies in comparing the poetics of spatial images to the point of view of the narrator, whose psychoacoustic experiences became the subject of the author’s self-reflection. The story’s sensory space is multilevel: it is concentrated in the “hero of the steppe”, Kharlov, and in the narrator, and for the latter the steppe is both a friendly and a foreign world. The topic of estrangement of a patchy understanding of the motherland is latent and reveals itself in the personal mode of narration. This article also shows that the narrator’s view dominates the visual space; the narrator describes the protagonist’s portrait in terms that are characteristic of the steppe’s landscape. The acoustic and olfactory spaces are also depicted from the point of view of the narrator. The subjective character of the sensory images serves to emphasize the conflict that lies at the basis of the narrative structure of the story whose main two types of characters turn to be a natural national character and a reflecting character molded under the influence of the European culture.
Development and Evaluation of Orodispersible Tablets Containing Ketoprofen
Authors: Oliveira Laiane J. , Veiga Andressa , Stofella Nayana C. F. , Cunha Aline Carolina , da Graça T. Toledo Maria , Andreazza Itamar F. , Murakami Fabio S.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Orodispersible Tablets (ODTs) are an option to facilitate the intake of pharmaceutical
solid dosage forms, which dissolve in the mouth within 30 seconds releasing the drug immediately
with no need for water intake or chewing.

Objective:

The main goal of our study is the technological development of lactose-free orodispersible
tablets that contain ketoprofen.

Methods:

We assessed different variables during the pharmaceutical development of ODTs: compression
techniques conducted after a wet granulation process, aiming to optimize the flow properties of the
formulation, and a suspension freeze-drying molded in blisters. We developed three formulations for
each method, each containing one of the superdisintegrants: croscarmellose, crospovidone, or starch
glycolate.

Result:

During the production of ODTs, we performed quality control of the granulation process, since
the production of pellets contributed to the enhancement of the disintegration time and content homogeneity.
Quality control tests for ODTs produced by freeze-drying were also satisfactory, despite significant
changes in the final physical aspect of these products when compared to that of ODTs produced
by compression. In addition, the disintegration times of ODTs produced by freeze-drying were substantially
higher. Furthermore, these tablets displayed greater friability and pose a challenge to the control
of a standard individual weight.

Conclusion:

Among the superdisintegrants, croscarmellose contributed most significantly to reduce the
disintegration time and to dissolve KTP effectively in 20 minutes.
Antihypertensive Therapy in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Narrative Review of the Available Clinical-Trial Evidence
Authors: Georgianos Panagiotis I. , Agarwal Rajiv
Published: March 2020

Background:

Blood pressure (BP)-lowering with the use of antihypertensive drugs appears to
protect the cardiovascular (CV) system in hemodialysis patients. However, the optimal treatment algorithm
of hypertension remains elusive; extrapolation of clinical-trial evidence from the general population
may not be optimal.

Methods:

For this narrative review, we searched the Medline/PubMed database (inception to August 01,
2019) to identify randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs on CV
outcomes and mortality in patients on hemodialysis.

Results:

Randomized trials with angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensinreceptor-
blockers (ARBs) failed to provide consistent cardioprotection. β-blockers may provide a more
consistent CV benefit. Although some early clinical trials have shown that mineralocorticoid-receptorantagonists
(MRAs) reduce CV mortality, the associated risk of hyperkalemia raises important safety
concerns on the use of MRAs as add-on therapy.

Conclusion:

Our first-line therapy of hypertension in hemodialysis is the assessment and management
of dry-weight and optimization of dialysis prescription. Based on the available clinical-trial evidence,
we prescribe atenolol 3 times/week after dialysis as the first-line pharmacological option of hypertension
to our patients without specific indications for other agents. Long-acting dihydropyridines and
ACEIs/ARBs are our second-line and third-line choices, respectively. We avoid using MRAs and await
results from ongoing trials testing their safety and efficacy. In patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis,
randomized trials are clearly warranted in order to define BP targets and the comparative effectiveness
of different antihypertensive drugs.
Could Antioxidant Supplementation Delay Progression of Cardiovascular Disease in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients?
Authors: Roumeliotis Stefanos , Roumeliotis Athanasios , Gorny Xenia , Mertens Peter R.
Published: March 2020

In end-stage renal disease patients, the leading causes of mortality are of cardiovascular (CV)
origin. The underlying mechanisms are complex, given that sudden heart failure is more common than
acute myocardial infarction. A contributing role of oxidative stress is postulated, which is increased
even at early stages of chronic kidney disease, is gradually augmented in parallel to progression to endstage
renal disease and is further accelerated by renal replacement therapy. Oxidative stress ensues
when there is an imbalance between reactive pro-oxidants and physiologically occurring electron donating
antioxidant defence systems. During the last decade, a close association of oxidative stress with
accelerated atherosclerosis and increased risk for CV and all-cause mortality has been established. Lipid
peroxidation has been identified as a trigger for endothelial dysfunction, the first step towards atherogenesis.
In order to counteract the deleterious effects of free radicals and thereby ameliorate, or delay,
CV disease, exogenous administration of antioxidants has been proposed. Here, we attempt to summarize
existing data from studies that test antioxidants for CV protection, such as vitamins E and C, statins,
omega-3 fatty acids and N-acetylcysteine.
Responses to External Emotions or their Transitions at Central to Peripheral Nervous System Levels: A Methodological Contribution to Mental Health
Authors: Zhang Bingren , Wang Chu , Shen Chanchan , Wang Wei
Published: March 2020

Background:

Responses to external emotional-stimuli or their transitions might help to
elucidate the scientific background and assist the clinical management of psychiatric problems, but
pure emotional-materials and their utilization at different levels of neurophysiological processing
are few.

Objective:

We aimed to describe the responses at central and peripheral levels in healthy volunteers
and psychiatric patients when facing external emotions and their transitions.

Methods:

Using pictures and sounds with pure emotions of Disgust, Erotica, Fear, Happiness, Neutral,
and Sadness or their transitions as stimuli, we have developed a series of non-invasive techniques,
i.e., the event-related potentials, functional magnetic resonance imaging, excitatory and
inhibitory brainstem reflexes, and polygraph, to assess different levels of neurophysiological responses
in different populations.

Results:

Sample outcomes on various conditions were specific and distinguishable at cortical to
peripheral levels in bipolar I and II disorder patients compared to healthy volunteers.

Conclusions:

Methodologically, designs with these pure emotions and their transitions are applicable,
and results per se are specifically interpretable in patients with emotion-related problems.
Bekker Zsuzsa emlékezete
Authors: Varga Bence
Published: March 2020

Bekker Zsuzsa, a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem 2015 februárjában elhunyt professzor emeritája, jeles elmélettörténész munkásságát sokféleképp, számos jelzővel lehetne méltatni. A Közgazdasági Szemlében megjelent megemlékezésben Madarász Aladár a „minőség és mérték” kifejezéssel jellemzi Bekkernek a hazai és nemzetközi közgazdasági gondolkodás területén kifejtett munkásságát (Madarász 2015:353), melynek sokszínűségét kiválóan szemlélteti az emlékére 2015-ben rendezett konferencia anyagát tartalmazó kötet tartalmi gazdagsága.
A biohasonló készítmények makrogazdasági lehetőségei a fejlett országokban
Authors: Halmosi Peter
Published: March 2020

A krónikus betegségek gyógyításában az Európai Unióban 2006 óta, az Egyesült Államokban 2015 óta vannak forgalomban biohasonló (angolul: biosimilar)gyógyszerek. Jelentős piaci potenciáljuk és pozitív makrogazdasági hatásuk ellenére alkalmazásuk elterjedését megnehezíti az orvosszakmai bizonytalanság. Az originális és generikus készítmények mellett megjelenő hasonló biológiai gyógyszerkészítmények akár már középtávon jelentősen átalakíthatják az egészségügyi rendszer finanszírozását, megváltoztatva a gyógyszeripari cégek versenypozícióját, valamint az orvos-beteg-finanszírozó közötti információs háromszöget. Alkalmazásukban a szakemberek valamennyi fejlett országban komoly megtakarításokat valószínűsítenek az egészségügyi kiadásokban, habár az orvosi szakma az egy-egy terápiás területen megjelenő biohasonló készítmények használatával szemben gyakran ellenállást mutat. A biohasonló készítmények piaci forgalmazását, helyettesíthetőségét, ártámogatását maguk az egészségügyi kormányzati szervek is eltérően közelítik meg. A tanulmány célja a biohasonló készítményekben rejlő makrogazdasági lehetőségek és korlátok bemutatása az élen járó országokban.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kódok: H51, I11, I12, I18
Expert Opinions on Web-Based Peer Education Interventions for Youth Sexual Health Promotion: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Martin Philippe , Alberti Corinne , Gottot Serge , Bourmaud Aurelie , de La Rochebrochard Elise
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Participatory education, in the form of peer education, may be an effective way to promote youth sexual health. With the advent of the internet, web-based interventions have potential as an attractive new tool for sexual health promotion by peers.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate professional experts’ opinions on the perspectives for web-based participatory interventions to promote sexual health by peers and among young people.

METHODS

Semistructured interviews were carried out with 20 experts (stakeholders in direct contact with young people, researchers, and institutional actors) specializing in sexual health, health promotion, peer education, youth, internet, and social media. After coding with N’Vivo, data were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis.

RESULTS

The majority of experts (18/20, 90%) found this kind of intervention to be attractive, but highlighted the necessary conditions, risks, and limitations attached to developing an acceptable peer intervention on the internet for sexual health promotion among young people. Five main themes were identified: (1) an internet intervention; (2) sexual health; (3) internet skills, and uses and the need for moderation; (4) multifaceted peers; and (5) minority peers. In the absence of youth interest for institutional messages, the experts highlighted the attractive participatory features of web-based interventions and the need for geolocalized resources. However, they also warned of the limitations associated with the possibility of integrating peers into education: peers should not be mere messengers, and should remain peers so as not to be outsiders to the target group. Experts highlighted concrete proposals to design an online participatory peer intervention, including the process of peer implication, online features in the intervention, and key points for conception and evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS

The experts agreed that web-based participatory interventions for youth sexual health promotion must be tailored to needs, uses, and preferences. This type of action requires youth involvement framed in an inclusive and holistic sexual health approach. Peer education can be implemented via the internet, but the design of the intervention also requires not being overly institutional in nature. Involving young people in their own education in an interactive, safe online space has the potential to develop their empowerment and to foster long-term positive behaviors, especially in the area of sexual health.
Characterizing Chronic Pain Episodes in Clinical Text at Two Health Care Systems: Comprehensive Annotation and Corpus Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Carlson Luke A , Jeffery Molly M , Fu Sunyang , He Huan , McCoy Rozalina G , Wang Yanshan , Hooten William Michael , St Sauver Jennifer , Liu Hongfang , Fan Jungwei
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Chronic pain affects more than 20% of adults in the United States and is associated with substantial physical, mental, and social burden. Clinical text contains rich information about chronic pain, but no systematic appraisal has been performed to assess the electronic health record (EHR) narratives for these patients. A formal content analysis of the unstructured EHR data can inform clinical practice and research in chronic pain.

OBJECTIVE

We characterized individual episodes of chronic pain by annotating and analyzing EHR notes for a stratified cohort of adults with known chronic pain.

METHODS

We used the Rochester Epidemiology Project infrastructure to screen all residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, for evidence of chronic pain, between January 1, 2005, and September 30, 2015. Diagnosis codes were used to assemble a cohort of 6586 chronic pain patients; people with cancer were excluded. The records of an age- and sex-stratified random sample of 62 patients from the cohort were annotated using an iteratively developed guideline. The annotated concepts included date, location, severity, causes, effects on quality of life, diagnostic procedures, medications, and other treatment modalities.

RESULTS

A total of 94 chronic pain episodes from 62 distinct patients were identified by reviewing 3272 clinical notes. Documentation was written by clinicians across a wide spectrum of specialties. Most patients (40/62, 65%) had 1 pain episode during the study period. Interannotator agreement ranged from 0.78 to 1.00 across the annotated concepts. Some pain-related concepts (eg, body location) had 100% (94/94) coverage among all the episodes, while others had moderate coverage (eg, effects on quality of life) (55/94, 59%). Back pain and leg pain were the most common types of chronic pain in the annotated cohort. Musculoskeletal issues like arthritis were annotated as the most common causes. Opioids were the most commonly captured medication, while physical and occupational therapies were the most common nonpharmacological treatments.

CONCLUSIONS

We systematically annotated chronic pain episodes in clinical text. The rich content analysis results revealed complexity of the chronic pain episodes and of their management, as well as the challenges in extracting pertinent information, even for humans. Despite the pilot study nature of the work, the annotation guideline and corpus should be able to serve as informative references for other institutions with shared interest in chronic pain research using EHRs.
A Mobile Health Platform to Disseminate Validated Institutional Measurements During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Utilization-Focused Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zamberg Ido , Manzano Sergio , Posfay-Barbe Klara , Windisch Olivier , Agoritsas Thomas , Schiffer Eduardo
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

As part of the response plans for the current outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), authorities are drafting and implementing containment measures across jurisdictions worldwide in the effort to slow down transmission and reduce the infection rate. A solid communication strategy is needed to increase the reach of valid information to health professionals, reduce misinformation, and efficiently implement recommended measures.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper is to describe the utilization of a dedicated mobile health (mHealth) platform to disseminate up-to-date and validated information about SARS-CoV-2 to all medical staff of the Children’s Hospital at the University Hospitals of Geneva.

METHODS

Three documents containing institutional information concerning screening, local containment procedures, and frequently asked questions and answers for parents were made available to the staff through a mobile app developed in the University of Geneva, Switzerland. Using a third-party statistics tool, we anonymously monitored user activity as well as content utilization patterns since the diagnosis of the first case of SARS-CoV-2 in Switzerland on February 25, 2020.

RESULTS

From February 25, 2020, to March 13, 2020 (18 days), information documents on SARS-CoV-2 were viewed 859 times, which accounted for 35.6% of the total content views (total views=332). User activity increased significantly with 50.8 (SD 14.4) users per day in this period as compared to the previous weeks (mean 26.4, SD 9.8; P<.001). In addition, session numbers per day more than doubled during the aforementioned period (P<.001). In a survey, medical staff found the information easy to find within the app. On a 10-point Likert scale, the ability of the app to reassure staff in clinical practice was rated as 7.6 (SD 2.1), time-saving ability was rated as 8.5 (SD 2.1), and the need to look for information from other sources was rated as 5.9 (SD 3.3).

CONCLUSIONS

The use of an mHealth solution to disseminate novel coronavirus–related information seemed to be an effective and time-saving communication channel within our institution during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Medical staff felt reassured and informed in daily practice. More research should be done on the clinical impact and outcomes of the integration of mHealth solutions as a communication channel of validated information within health institutions.
Mapping Behavioral Health Serious Game Interventions for Adults With Chronic Illness: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Thomas Teresa Hagan , Sivakumar Varshini , Babichenko Dmitriy , Grieve Victoria L B , Klem Mary Lou
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Serious games for health are increasingly being used to address health outcomes in patients with chronic illnesses. These studies vary in their study designs, patient populations, frameworks, outcome variables, and degree of specificity of the serious game intervention.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review aims to clarify the conceptual features of the existing research related to serious games designed to improve cognitive and behavioral outcomes in adults with chronic illness.

METHODS

We applied the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for scoping reviews methodology, including an a priori research question. We searched 4 electronic databases to identify articles published through November 2019. Inclusion criteria encompassed (1) adults 18 years or older; (2) patients with a diagnosis of chronic illness; (3) a serious game intervention; and (4) defined patient outcomes that assess patients’ behavioral, cognitive, or health outcomes.

RESULTS

Of the 3305 articles identified, 38 were included in the review. We charted and analyzed the theoretical frameworks, key concepts, and outcome variables of these studies with summaries of features across articles. The majority of studies used a randomized controlled trial design (23/38, 61%), included a custom serious game intervention (22/38, 58%), and lacked a theoretical framework (25/38, 66%). Common outcome variables included quality of life (16/38, 42%), mood (15/38, 39%), cognitive function (13/38, 34%), symptoms (12/38, 32%), and physical activity (9/38, 24%). Key differences between studies included whether or not serious games aimed to train versus teach patients, be widely accessible versus tailored interventions, or replace versus complement current treatments.

CONCLUSIONS

This scoping review defines the current landscape of research in serious games for health research targeting behavioral and cognitive outcomes in adults with chronic disease. Studies have addressed a variety of patient populations and diverse patient outcomes. Researchers wanting to build on the current research should integrate theoretical frameworks into the design of the intervention and trial to more clearly articulate the active ingredients and mechanisms of serious games.
Effects of Erythropoietin Payment Policy on Cardiovascular Outcomes of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hou Ying-Hui , Yang Feng-Jung , Lai I-Chun , Lin Shih-Pi , Wan Thomas TH , Chang Ray-E
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

The change in the reimbursement policy of erythropoietin administration to patients receiving peritoneal dialysis by the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) system provided a natural experimental venue to examine whether cardiovascular risk differs when maintaining the hematocrit (Hct) level below or above 30%.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of loosening the erythropoietin payment criteria for peritoneal dialysis patients on their cardiovascular outcomes.

METHODS

Two cohorts of incident peritoneal dialysis patients were identified according to the time before and after relaxation of the NHI’s erythropoietin payment criteria, designated cohort 1 (n=1759) and cohort 2 (n=2981), respectively. The cohorts were matched according to propensity scores (1754 patients in each cohort) and then followed up for cardiovascular events, which were analyzed with Cox regressions.

RESULTS

For the composite cardiovascular endpoint, patients in cohort 2 had a significantly lower risk than those in cohort 1. However, subgroup analysis showed that this risk reduction was observed only in patients with diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

After loosening erythropoietin payment criteria, reduced cardiovascular risks were observed, particularly for patients with diabetes. These results indicate that it is crucial to maintain an Hct level above 30% to reduce the cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
Nephrology Fellows’ and Program Directors’ Perceptions of Hospital Rounds in the United States
Authors: Boyle Suzanne M. , Subedi Keshab , Pivert Kurtis A. , Harhay Meera Nair , Baynes-Fields Jaime , Goldman Jesse , Warburton Karen M.
Published: March 2020

Background and objectives

Hospital rounds are a traditional vehicle for patient-care delivery and experiential learning for trainees. We aimed to characterize practices and perceptions of rounds in United States nephrology training programs.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We conducted a national survey of United States nephrology fellows and program directors. Fellows received the survey after completing the 2019 National Board of Medical Examiners Nephrology In-Training Exam. Program directors received the survey at the American Society of Nephrology’s 2019 Nephrology Training Program Directors’ Retreat. Surveys assessed the structure and perceptions of rounds, focusing on workload, workflow, value for patient care, and fellows’ clinical skill-building. Directors were queried about their expectations for fellow prerounds and efficiency of rounds. Responses were quantified by proportions.

Results

Fellow and program director response rates were 73% (n=621) and 70% (n=55). Most fellows (74%) report a patient census of >15, arrive at the hospital before 7:00 am (59%), and complete progress notes after 5:00 pm (46%). Among several rounding activities, fellows most valued bedside discussions for building their clinical skills (34%), but only 30% examine all patients with the attending at the bedside. Most directors (71%) expect fellows to both examine patients and collect data before attending-rounds. A majority (78%) of directors commonly complete their documentation after 5:00 pm, and for 36%, after 8:00 pm. Like fellows, directors most value bedside discussion for development of fellows’ clinical skills (44%). Lack of preparedness for the rigors of nephrology fellowship was the most-cited barrier to efficient rounds (31%).

Conclusions

Hospital rounds in United States nephrology training programs are characterized by high patient volumes, early-morning starts, and late-evening clinical documentation. Fellows use a variety of prerounding styles and examine patients at the beside with their attendings at different frequencies.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2020_03_17_CJN.10190819.mp3
Hacia una interpretación físico-causal de la información en contextos comunicacionales
Authors: López Cristian Ariel , Lombardi Olimpia Iris
Published: March 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo es proponer una nueva interpretación del concepto de información en contextos comunicacionales: una interpretación físicocausal. Apelando a las teorías manipulabilistas de la causación, principalmente ensu versión intervencionista, buscaremos mostrar que la información comunicacional es una propiedad física que podemos manipular para generar situaciones comunicacionales. Este enfoque nos permite entender la naturaleza de la comunicación como estructura causal, puesta de manifiesto mediante criterios manipulabilistas. Confiamos en que el enfoque propuesto logra superar ciertas dificultades de las interpretaciones de la información actualmente vigentes en la literatura.
Margarita Boladeras (coord.), Bioética del cuidar: ¿qué significa humanizar la asistencia?, Tecnos, Madrid, 2015, 293 pp.
Authors: Padilla García Miriam
Published: March 2020

Margarita Boladeras (coord.), Bioética del cuidar: ¿qué significa humanizar la asistencia?, Tecnos, Madrid, 2015, 293 pp.
Respuesta a Sebastián: en defensa de la naturaleza consciente de las creencias de primera persona
Authors: Vidal Javier
Published: March 2020

En esta revista, argumenté en favor de la naturaleza consciente de las creencias de primera persona (2014). En un artículo más reciente, Miguel Ángel Sebastián (2017) trata de mostrar que tal argumento no es sólido. Aquí procedo a lidiar con sus tres críticas principales. En primer lugar, sostengo que el argumento es válido si conocer una creencia de primera persona consiste en creer que uno la tiene. Defiendo también que no hay ninguna regresión al infinito de creencias conscientes de orden superior que sea dañina. En segundo lugar, argumento que la noción de conciencia en juego es aquella que es relevante en la discusión acerca de la naturaleza de la conciencia y del inconsciente. Por último, reviso la justificación del principio (SC*) para mostrar que no prejuzga la cuestión.
MULTIPLE INDEXING RELATIVISM ABOUT PREDICATES OF TASTE
Authors: Zeman Dan
Published: March 2020

Focusing on predicates of taste, this paper puts forward a novel version of relativism, motivated by a recently discussed phenomenon: perspectival plurality. After showing that the phenomenon is problematic for at least some versions of relativism and discussing several possible answers on behalf of the relativist, I put forward my own version. The main feature of the proposal is the introduction in the index not of a single parameter for perspectives, but of a (possibly infinite) sequence of such parameters. In the last part of the paper, I defend the view against three objections.
SOBRE LA DEFINICIÓN DE LOS ARGUMENTOS CONDUCTIVOS
Authors: MARRAUD HUBERTO
Published: March 2020

Wellman introdujo el razonamiento conductivo en 1971 para distinguirlo del razonamiento deductivo y del razonamiento inductivo. Para la mayoría de los comentaristas lo que define al razonamiento conductivo es la ponderación de los pros y los contras. Sostengo, sin embargo, que la ponderación está asociada con determinadas estructuras argumentativas, mientras que “conductivo” se refiere a la relación entre las premisas y la conclusión de un argumento. Propongo por ello una definición recursiva de argumento conductivo, conforme a la cual los argumentos conductivos son argumentos basados en clasificaciones verbales que involucran conceptos multi-criterio o composiciones de tales argumentos.
LA NATURALEZA DEL SUJETO Y EL ARGUMENTO DE LA UNIDAD
Authors: SAMPEDRO ADRIÁN
Published: March 2020

En el presente trabajo examino diversas respuestas a la pregunta formulada por Descartes ¿Qué soy yo? Sugiero que, aunque la propuesta según la cual soy idéntico a mi organismo humano o a alguna parte del mismo (la tesis adoptada por los materialistas) es considerada la más plausible desde el punto de vista científico actual, encara un problema que parece insuperable, a saber: el problema de dar cuenta de la relación de dependencia de la identidad entre estados mentales y sus sujetos. Finalmente, sostengo que los portadores genuinos de estados mentales son, en el sentido amplio del término, los sujetos unitarios de experiencia, en lugar de las personas.
Politeness Strategy Used in 10th Grade Students’ Anecdote Text
Authors: Mulyana Novita , Budiarsa Made , Satyawati Made Sri
Published: March 2020

This research was aimed to find out the types of politeness strategy that is used by 10th grade students to express criticism towards public issues through an anecdote text as well as the implication on the teaching and learning process of anecdote text in SMK TI Bali Global Jimbaran. There were fifteen anecdote texts analyzed in this research and they were collected through a writing test conducted in a 10th grade class in SMK TI Bali Global Jimbaran. The data were classified and analyzed based on the politeness strategy theory proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) and ethnography of communication theory proposed by Hymes (1973). The result of the analysis shows that from the fifteen anecdote texts collected, there were only two types of politeness strategy found to be used in expressing criticism, they are bald on record strategy and off record strategy. There are ten anecdote texts composed by the students found using bald on record strategy, while the other five anecdotes using off record strategy in expressing criticism towards public issues. In other words, more students still used the more risky way of expressing criticisms, therefore it is important for the teacher to choose or design a better model of learning which can improve the students’ pragmatic competence.
TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE ENDOTHERAPY OF DIABETIC WOUNDS: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Huang Liying , Yi Lisha , Aslam Muhammad Shahzad
Published: March 2020

In recent years, the incidence of diabetes has been increasing, and the diabetic foot is a complication of diabetes, which seriously affects the life and health of patients. The effect of Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetes is more and more recognized. To search for the treatment of diabetic foot using Traditional Chinese medicine - Just to collect research literature on TCM treatment of diabetes in order to summarize the common syndrome types and medication rules in recent years, and to provide a new treatment. Common syndrome has syndrome of the dual deficiency of qi and yin、syndrome of dual deficiency of qi and yin, syndrome of meridian stasis-heat, syndrome of meridian stasis-heat and so on. Common endotherapy medicine is clear heat medicinal, tonify qi medicine, activate blood and resolve stasis and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine has certain advantages and effects in the treatment of diabetes, but there is still no uniform standard.
Peer Review History:
Received 20 February 2019;   Revised 2 March; Accepted 11 March, Available online 15 March 2020
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
Received file

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Name: Dr. Nuray Ari
Affiliation: Ankara University, Turkiye
E-mail: ari@ankara.edu.tr
 
Name: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah
Affiliation: University of Basrah, Iraq
E-mail: asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com
Comments of reviewer(s):

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How Far Does the Process of Language Hybridization Go in a Translingual Situation?
Authors: Temirgazina Zifa K.
Published: March 2020

The article concerns the problem of the dominant language influence in the translingual language competence on the phonetic system of the second language. How intensive can this influence be in a translingual situation? As most researchers say, languages in the processes of transculturation and translinguism are to a certain extent intelligible. In our opinion, it concerns the content aspects of language and speech, which are capable of generating new discourses: lexis, grammar, syntax, word formation. The phonetic level as a building material for content units should not be affected in the process of translinguism, because in this case we can no longer talk about translinguism as a noncontradictory tendency in the contact coexistence of two languages and cultures.
Translation as a Form of Cross-Literary Dialogue (On the Material of the Translation of A. Yeniki’s Novel “Unvoiced Will” by S. Khozina)
Authors: Fakhrutdinova Liliya I. , Amineva Venera R.
Published: March 2020

The Russian reader, who doesn’t know tatar language, can get to know A. Yeniki’s works only through their translated versions, that is why we need to analyze structural features of and the content of the translated texts in the aspect of cross-literary communication and dialogue. Jenre-stylistic transformations of the authentic work in the translated texts are revealed on the base of their comparative analysis. The base is his view on the translation as a form of the dialogue of cultures, reflecting interaction not only various national languages, but artistic models of the world as well. It is stated that, S. Khozinaresorts to the nazira genre in her translation of the “Unspoken will”. The main directions in which the cooperation of the translator and the author of the work is carried out are revealed: depiction of the inner world of the character is changed; the lyrical orientation of the narrative is enhanced; philosophical subtext of the told story is actualized, incriminating tendency deepens. The results obtained can be used in the solution of current problems of intercultural communication and the dialogue, in the preparation of the comments to translations of A. Yeniki’s works for the Russian reader.
The Core of the Language Consciousness of an Ethnic Group in Diachronic Aspect: Kazakh Associative Dictionaries
Authors: Dmitryuk Natalya V. , Arynbaeva Rimma A.
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the possibility of using the data of free associative experiments (SAE) and associative dictionaries, which can serve as a tool of ethno-psycholinguistic, cultural and sociopsychological research to identify the mental and ethno-cultural specificity of language consciousness and language pictures of the world of different ethnic groups, structuring the core of language consciousness (JAS), determining the basic values of society and, in the case of creating such dictionaries in different time periods, they are able to identify the transformation of the mental climate and value priorities of different generations of the same ethnic group. The content of the article is such intra-ethnic comparisons of associative behavior of the representations of the Kazakh ethnos of the modern and Soviet period in the hierarchy of value priorities, their stability and transformation, reflected in the nuclear zones of the language consciousness of young people of two generations with a forty-year interval. On the basis of the coincidence of the basic values in the conceptual center of the core of language consciousness, the article concludes about a certain stability and immutability of cultural, mental and behavioral traditions of the Kazakh ethnic group.
“In a Few Years the Red Man Will Live Only in Legend and in Cooper’s Charming Accounts”: Portrayals of American Indians in Danish Travel Literature in the Mid- and Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Brøndal Jørn
Published: March 2020

During the middle and late nineteenth century, a number of Danish travel writers visited the United States with a view to narrating about the New World to their readers back home. Four of the most prominent writers were Hans Peter Christian Hansen, Vilhelm C.S. Topsøe, Robert Watt, and Henrik Cavling. Among the many topics covered by these writers was that of American Indians. Establishing a narrative of the “vanishing Indian,” the writers endeavored to tie the Indians to a receding landscape of the past and—for the most part—to establish a contradiction between Indians and white “civilization.” Likewise displaying an interest in Scandinavian immigrants, the travel writers sometimes attempted to create links between the Indians and Scandinavian settlers. With no clear Danish interest in celebrating American exceptionalism in the shape of classical U.S. “Manifest Destiny,” the travel writers were nevertheless involved in processes of bonding with the dominant population element of the United States through their common “civilization” and whiteness.
Legal Discrimination in the United States based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Authors: Miller Mark C
Published: March 2020

When the U.S. Supreme Court declared that same-sex marriage would be legal throughout the country, that decision did not end the possibility of other types of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. The U.S. Supreme Court has been very unclear about what standard to use when the courts face claims of discrimination based on these characteristics. In cases decided under the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause, the Court has stated that lower courts should use one of three standards, based on the type of discrimination alleged. These three standards for review are known as rational basis, intermediate review, and strict scrutiny. This article, based on both empirical and normative analysis, will explore the proper legal standard that the Supreme Court should use in these cases. Since several states have begun to enact laws that encourage discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, this article will argue that the Supreme Court should use strict scrutiny in these cases because the LGBT community is clearly a discrete and insular minority subject to targeted discrimination.
Citizenship in the United States: A Historical Assessment of a Present-Day Contretemps
Authors: Moore, Jr. John Allphin
Published: March 2020

In late 2015, debate among many US Republican presidential candidates focused on immigration policy, with one candidate who was hostile to America’s immigration policy, opining that the 14th Amendment’s definition of citizenship may be unconstitutional. This was the view of the GOP candidate who eventually won the Presidency. The question of citizenship, and the linked issue of rights, was contested in the early republic. Much of the quarrel revolved around the issue of slavery. At least three competing notions of citizenship and rights gained traction by the first half of the 19th century: one argued for citizenship and rights only for whites; another urged that “popular sovereignty” should determine rights and citizenship. A third insisted on an inclusive definition of citizenship. By 1868, the 14th Amendment underscored the latter view. But, as current affairs in America show, the bickering persists, often using arguments similar to those found in the early republic’s squabbles. This essay explores the debate among the viewpoints articulated during the first half of the 19th century and seeks to draw out counsel for our own time.
Demystifying the Sublime City in Paul Auster’s In the Country of Last Things
Authors: Karadeniz Hasine Sen
Published: March 2020

The present study discusses the demystification of the urban sublime in Paul Auster’s In the Country of Last Things. It sets the term in a US context and discusses its specificity through the examination of the relationship of the urban sublime with a pair of interrelated concepts: the technological sublime and the consumer’s sublime. This theoretical preview verifies that the architectural and technological structure of the city has been subordinated to the logics of capitalist economy. The paper evaluates Auster’s novel as a critique of the deferential elevation of the urban landscape through its reduction to the dystopian images of garbage and waste; through the reversal of the object of the sublime from the infinitely large to the infinitely small, from the urban to the natural; and through the subversion of the power dynamics attributed to the skyscraper, the central emblem of the urban sublime. It asserts that the foregrounding of the act of falling, set against the pronounced upward orientation of the urban landscape, defines the city as an inherently lethal area capable of arousing a single passion linked to the notion of the sublime—terror.
Rupturing Salem, Reconsidering Subjectivity: Tituba, the Witch of Infinity in Maryse Condé’s I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem
Authors: Hwang Junghyun
Published: March 2020

The Salem witch-hunt, invoking the “red hunt” analogy of the McCarthy era, has been a persistent metaphor for persecution, a symbol of fanatic excess in policing the community boundaries. In American cultural history, however, Salem is regarded American only insofar as it proves un-American—as an exception to American exceptionalism. In particular, Tituba, the only non-white “witch” of the trials to whom the unleashing of the hysteria itself has often been attributed, embodies what is negated in Salem against which Americanness is to be affirmed. Maryse Condé’s 1986 novel, I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem recuperates Tituba from this darkness not only to reconfigure American identity but ultimately to reconsider human subjectivity. In Condé’s Salem, New England Puritanism showcases the primal scene of American identity formation, in which the personal, national, and religious subjectivities are fused to form the American self as the autonomous self-possessed individual. Tituba, in contrast, exemplifies an alternative subjectivity as an embodied being constituted in relation to others. Similar to Emmanuel Levinas’s ethical subject, Condé’s Tituba highlights the primacy of the other in the formation of the human subject, ultimately rupturing the totality of history with a counter-history of silenced voices or the infinity of the other.
The Chinese Junk Keying and American Racialization of Chinese
Authors: Zhang Tao
Published: March 2020

As the first Chinese wooden boat that ever reached the United States, the Keying, with its 40 Chinese sailors who composed the hitherto largest group of Chinese in America, not only satisfied Americans’ curiosity at Chinese junks and Chinese people, but prompted a nationwide attempt at racializing Chinese from 1847 to 1848. This prototypical Chinese racialization features a configuration in which Chinese were triangulated vis-a-vis American whites and nonwhites. Whites occupied the upper corner of the triangle, commanding discursive tools of mass publications to position Chinese relative to whites themselves and other minority groups on America’s racial ladder. Chinese were defined as an inferior, pitiable racial other that resembled Indians in appearance and stood somewhere in between Mexicans and blacks in terms of racial advancement. The triangular paradigm continued to function in American racialization of Chinese even after the departure of the Keying for Britain in February 1848, though with noticeable modifications.
COMMUNICATIVE ILLOCUTIONARY ACT ON STUDENTS’ CONVERSATION VIDEO IN ONE OF THE ENGLISH COURSES IN BANDUNG
Authors: Mu’man Mu’man
Published: March 2020

Speech acts are divided into three categories – locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. Each speech act can be investigated based on the researcher’s need what it is done in this research purpose of this study aiming to find out the context meaning of communicative illocutionary act categories on students’ conversation video. The spirit of the speech act can be called as illocutionary which becomes a central concept. Regarding to the definition of speech acts, several numerous options related to illocutionary have some kinds of acts such as promising, ordering, and bequeathing. This research uses Austin’s book as a grant theory strengthened by Yule. This research result is the researcher has found communicative illocutionary acts on students’ conversation video including constatives, directives, commissives, and acknowledgments.Keywords: Illocutionary, constative, directives, commissives, acknowledgments
ENGLISH TEACHER IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION: INDONESIAN TEACHERS’ MOTIVATION AND STRATEGIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS
Authors: Upa Yunika , Mbato Concilianus Laos
Published: March 2020

Being a teacher in special needs school is not an easy job. Besides having to possess knowledge about children with special needs, special needs school teachers are required to have high patience and good mentality at work. One factor that affects the teachers’ success in educating students at special needs school, is the teachers’ motivation in carrying out their obligation. This study aimed to investigate what factors affected Indonesian teachers’ motivation in shaping and developing their identities and what strategies they used in teaching students with special needs.Using a qualitative method, the researchers gained data by interviewing teachers from two special needs schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. After analyzing the data, the researchers found that both intrinsic factors such as the desire to assist students with special needs to be more independent, and extrinsic factors such as family, students, and colleagues influenced the teachers’ motivation to teach in special needs schools in Yogyakarta. These factors played an important role in developing and shaping the teachers’ identity. The researchers also found that audio visual materials became the most effective and helpful strategies in teaching English for special needs schools. This study offers some suggestions for future researchers and Indonesian government.Keywords: Teacher Identity, motivation, teaching strategies, audio visual materials