bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiological findings on irradiation-CT in patients with non metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Meyer Hans J , Uhlig Johannes , Schramm Dominik , Bach Andreas G , Surov Alexey
Published: May 2017

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the number of incidental findings on native CT treatment-planning scans for radiation in breast cancer patients.

Methods:

The treatment-planning scans of 382 patients with non-metastatic breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed for additional findings. The planning scan area covered the entire thorax and the upper part of the abdomen. Incidental findings were classified according to their clinical relevance.

Results:

Overall 892 incidental findings were detected in the CT treatment-planning scans (mean 2.34 findings per patient). Only a small proportion of patients (n = 63, 16.4%) had no finding. Most findings were located in the thorax (683, 76.57%), and 209 findings (23.43%) were abdominal. 79 findings (8.87%) were of major clinical relevance, 232 findings (26.01%) were of moderate clinical relevance and 580 findings (65.02%) were of minor clinical relevance. Most clinically relevant findings were in the thorax (p = 0.006). Abdominal findings were more of significantly minor clinical relevance (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Radiological findings are frequent in native CT treatment-planning scans for radiation of breast cancer patients. Therefore, the radiologist should use this performed sectional image to obtain additional information of the patient.

Advances in knowledge:

Treatment-planning CT scans can show several radiological findings, namely 2.34 findings per patient. Major clinically relevant findings account for 8.87%.
Polyp bailout in Pocillopora damicornis following thermal stress
Authors: Fordyce Alexander J , Camp Emma F , Ainsworth Tracy D
Published: May 2017

Polyp bailout is an established but understudied coral stress response that involves the detachment of individual polyps from the colonial form as means of escaping unfavourable conditions. This may influence both the mortality and asexual recruitment of coral genotypes across a range of species. It was first described by Goreau & Goreau (1959) and has been observed in response to numerous stressors including high salinity and low pH. However, polyp bailout has not previously been described in association with thermal stress and the coral bleaching response, which is becoming increasingly common around the world. We present the first qualitative observation of polyp bailout following thermal stress in a mesocosm experiment. Detached polyps show similar characteristics to those described in previous studies, including the retention of endosymbiotic zooxanthellae and the ability to disperse across short distances. As the frequency of thermal stress increases globally, we suggest further detailed research into the prevalence of this response in situ and its implications for the survival of individual corals, as well as the potential for migration into cooler micro-habitats within the coral reef environment.
Initial genome sequencing of the sugarcane CP 96-1252 complex hybrid
Authors: Miller Jason R. , Dilley Kari A. , Harkins Derek M. , Torralba Manolito G. , Moncera Kelvin J. , Beeri Karen , Goglin Karrie , Stockwell Timothy B. , Sutton Granger G. , Shabman Reed S.
Published: May 2017

The CP 96-1252 cultivar of sugarcane is a complex hybrid of commercial importance. DNA was extracted from lab-grown leaf tissue and sequenced. The raw Illumina DNA sequencing results provide 101 Gbp of genome sequence reads. The dataset is available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA345486/.
La estructura a plazos del riesgo interbancario
Authors: Cangrejo Jimenez Guillermo Andres
Published: May 2017

Este documento propone un modelo para la estructura a plazos del riesgo interbancario a partir del spread entre los Interest Rate Swaps (IRS) y los Overnight Indexed Swaps (OIS) en dólares durante la crisis financiera 2007-2008 y la crisis del euro en 2010. Adicionalmente, hace la descomposición del riesgo interbancario entre riesgo de default y no-default (liquidez). Los resultados sugieren que la crisis financiera tuvo importantes repercusiones en la estructura a plazos del riesgo interbancario y sus componentes: en los años previos a la crisis y posterior a ella, el riesgo de default conducía el conportamiento del riesgo interbancario. Además, se encuentra que, a partir de la estructura a plazos de cada componente del riesgo interbancario, la crisis financiera se caracterizó por ser un problema más de corto que de largo plazo, en contraste con la crisis del euro de 2010. Estos resultados siguen lo propuesto por Filipovic y Trolle (2012) y dejan importantes implicaciones sobre el riesgo interbancario durante los periodos de stress financiero.
Does Information Technology Improve Open Innovation Performance? An Examination of Manufacturers in Spain
Authors: Gómez Jaime , Salazar Idana , Vargas Pilar
Published: May 2017

Our objective in this paper is to explore the impact of information technology (IT) on the performance of open innovation models. We study the effect of IT on the production of patents and product innovations. Our analysis of a large panel of Spanish manufacturing firms confirms that the effect of the proportion of external research and development (R&D) investments on the production of patents and new products has an inverted U-shape. The results also reveal that investments in IT positively moderate the consequences of open innovation on innovation performance by reducing identification, assimilation, and utilization costs. Our results provide evidence of the viability and benefit of a new strategic alternative to innovation that is different than the traditional process of vertically integrated R&D.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0705 .
When your canvas is nature itself
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: May 2017

Come rain or shine, whatever the weather, you should encourage children to look at nature and move around it. Here, we look at some easy-to-adapt craft ideas for doing just that.
Science: Classifying and sorting
Authors: Sargent Marianne
Published: May 2017

This is the third in a series of extracts from the book, Developing Early Science Skills Outdoors, which explores ideas for providing children with opportunities to learn outside.
Effect of Starting Time and Test Specimen Size on the Deterioration of Particleboard in an Outdoor Exposure Test
Authors: Kojima Yoichi , Shoji Takuma , Aoki Takanori , Kobori Hikaru , Suzuki Shigehiko
Published: May 2017

Relatively short-term (3-, 6-, and 12-mo) outdoor exposure tests using particleboard specimens of two different sizes to clarify the effect of specimen size and starting time on the deterioration of the mechanical properties (bending and internal bond strength) of the particleboard were conducted. The weathering intensity was determined from the results of the short-term exposure tests, and the effect of the specimen size on the weathering intensity was discussed. The strength retention tended to decrease exponentially with elapsed time. After a 1-year exposure in Shizuoka, Japan, the retained strength was less than 60 percent. Rectangular specimens had less strength retention than the square specimens and are thought to be a more reliable indicator of the true effect of weathering conditions on strength loss. Short- and long-term exposure tests are equally useful for determining the effect of outdoor exposure on particleboard properties.
Direct Comparison of 2 Rule-Out Strategies for Acute Myocardial Infarction: 2-h Accelerated Diagnostic Protocol vs 2-h Algorithm
Authors: Wildi Karin , Cullen Louise , Twerenbold Raphael , Greenslade Jaimi H , Parsonage William , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Nestelberger Thomas , Sabti Zaid , Rubini-Giménez Maria , Puelacher Christian , Cupa Janosch , Schumacher Lukas , Badertscher Patrick , Grimm Karin , Kozhuharov Nikola , Stelzig Claudia , Freese Michael , Rentsch Katharina , Lohrmann Jens , Kloos Wanda , Buser Andreas , Reichlin Tobias , Pickering John W , Than Martin , Mueller Christian
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

We compared 2 high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn)-based 2-h strategies in patients presenting with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to the emergency department (ED): the 2-h accelerated diagnostic protocol (2h-ADP) combining hs-cTn, electrocardiogram, and a risk score, and the 2-h algorithm exclusively based on hs-cTn concentrations and their absolute changes.

METHODS

Analyses were performed in 2 independent diagnostic cohorts [European Advantageous Predictors of Acute Coronary Syndrome Evaluation (APACE) study, Australian–New Zealand 2-h Accelerated Diagnostic Protocol to Assess patients with chest Pain symptoms using contemporary Troponins as the only biomarker (ADAPT) study] employing hs-cTnT (Elecsys) and hs-cTnI (Architect). The final diagnosis was adjudicated by 2 independent cardiologists.

RESULTS

AMI was the final diagnosis in 16.5% (95% CI, 14.6%–18.6%) of the 1372 patients in APACE, and 12.6% (95% CI, 10.7%–14.7%) of 1153 patients in ADAPT. The negative predictive value (NPV) and sensitivity for AMI were very high and comparable with both strategies using either hs-cTnT or hs-cTnI in both cohorts (all statistical comparisons nonsignificant). The percentage of patients triaged toward rule-out was significantly lower with the 2h-ADP (36%–43%) vs the 2-h algorithm (55%–68%) with both assays and in both cohorts (P < 0.001). The sensitivity of the 2h-ADP was higher for 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events.

CONCLUSIONS

Both algorithms provided very high and comparable safety as quantified by the NPV and sensitivity for AMI and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 30 days in patients triaged toward rule-out, although sensitivity for MACE at 30 days was lower with both algorithms in cohort 2. Although the 2-h algorithm was more efficacious, not all patients ruled out for AMI by this algorithm were appropriate candidates for early discharge. The 2h-ADP seems superior in the selection of patients for early discharge from the ED.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

APACE: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00470587

ADAPT: Australia-New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12611001069943
«Un santo de corte hispánico»: Giner de los Ríos y el espectro del sujeto español
Authors: Murcia Conesa Antonio de
Published: May 2017

Este artículo estudia la relación de la obra de Giner de los Ríos con el problema del sujeto español desarrollado, en oposición al individualismo moderno, por algunos de sus discípulos como Américo Castro. Se examina la presencia de este sujeto colectivo, bajo la forma de «espíritu social» o «sentido común histórico», en tres aspectos distintos de la obra de Giner: su idea de tradición literaria nacional, que influyó notablemente en los trabajos de historiadores y filólogos posteriores; su concepción organicista del derecho y de la inmanencia social de la soberanía política, presente en la noción de derecho consuetudinario y de opinión pública, y su idea sublime del sujeto de la educación, objeto principal de su labor pedagógica. Estos aspectos guardan una estrecha relación con el tópico del pensamiento en acción y la imagen de ascetismo que ha dominado la recepción de Giner de los Ríos.
La idea de Crítica del arte en el pensamiento estético de Francisco Giner de los Ríos
Authors: Pinilla Burgos Ricardo
Published: May 2017

En sus lecciones estéticas, aparecidas en el BILE en 1877-1878, Giner hace una defensa de la Estética como disciplina autónoma, su valor práctico, y su relación con las artes y la literatura, respondiendo desde el horizonte fundamental de su concepción krausista a cuestiones y polémicas unidas a la Estética en el contexto cultural y político de su tiempo. A partir de un rico pensamiento estético y una amplia concepción del arte como actividad esencial humana, Giner elabora en esas lecciones, entre otras cuestiones, una idea de Crítica del Arte, en íntima vinculación con la producción de una obra singular y con la interpretación de los principios generales, que permitirá una reconsideración profunda de la actividad del crítico, que Giner ejercerá de modo brillante en distintos ámbitos, y que se abre a una importante reflexión sobre la peculiaridad y relevancia vital del juicio estético.
IMPLEMENTATION OF 3D VOF TRACKING ALGORITHM BASED ON BINARY SPACE-PARTITIONING
Authors: Kolařík Filip , Patzák Bořek
Published: May 2017

The paper focuses on modelling free surface flow. The interface is modelled using the Volume-Of-Fluid method, where the advection of volume fractions is treated by a purely geometrical method. The novelty of the work lies in the way that it incorporates Binary Space-Partitioning trees for computing the intersections of polyhedra. Volume-conserving properties and shape-preserving properties are presented on two benchmarks and on a simulation of the famous broken dam problem.
SILOXANES REMOVAL FROM BIOGAS USING ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors: Vagenknechtová Alice , Ciahotný Karel , Vrbová Veronika
Published: May 2017

SiO2 deposits which cause technical problems on combustion equipment are built by combustion of biogas containing siloxanes. Therefore, in these cases, the siloxanes must be removed from the biogas. For siloxane removal from biogas, its adsorption on activated carbon is often used. After saturation, the saturated adsorbent must be replaced. The adsorbent cost constitutes the main part of the operational costs of the purification equipment. Therefore it is necessary to find an adsorbent having high adsorption capacity for siloxane at a possible low price. Using laboratory apparatus and biogas produced from waste-water treatment sludge at the wastewater treatment plant Prague Bubenec various activated carbons were tested for siloxane removal and their adsorption capacities for siloxanes were estimated, and the adsorbent cost relative to 1 kg of siloxanes removed from biogas were calculated. The lowest price for the removal of 1 kg of siloxanes was determined by Chezacarb, Sil Extra 40 AP and 4–60 adsorbents. Another important information obtained from the test is that the weakly adsorbed siloxane (OMCTS) is displaced by the larger molecule of DMCPCS during adsorption.
Challenges and Opportunities for Digital Marketing Within Contemporary Art Book Publishing
Authors: Grima Marie-Claire
Published: May 2017

This dissertation examines a number of challenges and opportunities in digital marketing within con- temporary art book publishing. As products of a uniquely cross-pollinated strain of culture and publishing, their tactility and physicality are amongst their most appealing qualities, standing out in a world where so much takes place in a virtual space. The appeal of art books today is thought to be getting stronger and stronger as many other kinds of books dematerialise in the digital space, standing out more than ever as objects.
However, art books still have to contend with a marketing landscape where digital grows increasingly more dominant and influential each year. The differences that make art books stand out may well give rise to difficulties and challenges when it comes to marketing and selling them in a digital environment. But conversely, there could be a greater amount and broader spread of opportunities for effectively marketing art books online that would not be available to different kinds of books. This dissertation seeks to investigate how a number of art book publishers are currently using the digital marketing tools that are available to them, the effectiveness of their strategies, what challenges are being faced and which opportunities are being under-utilised.
Adopting human anatomy to swim fishlike; a vantage point
Verimli yüzme için suya anatomik uyum; bir bakış açısı
Authors: Titiz Mesut İzzet
Published: May 2017

Swimming is  a fun if done properly using the scientific rules and guidence. Fishes are the best swimmers due to their anatomical evolution to live in the water. But men has evolved to survive on land and has anatomical structures  adapted to fit the living conditions on land not in the water . Body anatomical properties, weight difference between the upper part and the lower part of the body  and the regional distribution of respiration organs of men create difficulties to swim as desired.   To overcome this problem men has to adapt the position of the body in the water fishlike, observe understand and imitate what the fish do in the water, has training exercises developed accordingly and swim fishlike.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetSuda yaşam ve evolusyonun getirdiği avantajlar yüzünden en iyi yüzenler balıklardır. İnsanların karada yaşamak üzere evolusyon geçirmiş olmaları gereği edindikleri anatomik yapıları suda yüzme konusunda sorunlar çıkarmaktadır. Balıkların su ile olan ilişkilerinin incelenmesi ve onların davranışlarından çıkarılan sonuçlara göre yüzme eğitimi verimli yüzme hedefine ulaşmaya yardım edecektir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın amacı balıkların su içindeki hareketlerinden yola çıkarak, insanların yüzme sporunda performanslarını geliştirmeleri için gerekli olan beceriler konusunda öngörüde bulunmaktır.
Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effect of Consolidation Behavior on Pile Setup
Authors: Abu-Farsakh M. Y. , Haque M. N. , Chen Q.
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the field experimental results of static load tests (SLTs) and dynamic load tests (DLTs) that were conducted on instrumented prestressed concrete (PSC) test piles to characterize the pile setup phenomenon for individual soil layers along the piles' length. For this purpose, three PSC piles were driven at a bridge construction site in Lake Charles, LA, that were tested at different times after installation. The piles were instrumented with sister bar strain gauges to measure the load transfer along the piles' length, and pressure cells and piezometers to measure the total stress, effective stress and excess pore water pressure (PWP) with time and hence the setup for different soil layers along the piles' length. Multilevel piezometers were installed in the surrounding soil to evaluate the spatial distribution of excess PWP and to measure the influenced zone caused by pile driving. The load tests showed that the side resistance increased by 129 %, 99 %, and 91 % for the three test piles during the last load test. The case pile wave analysis program (CAPWAP) analysis of the DLTs and the load distribution plots from SLTs were used to compute the resistance of individual soil layers along the piles with time. The results showed that the soil layers with low undrained shear strength and high value of generated excess PWP exhibited higher amount of setup; while soil layers with low permeability and low coefficient of consolidation exhibited higher rate of setup compared to other soil layers. The results also showed that setup increased at a higher rate before the dissipation of excess PWP and the rate became much slower after the end of dissipation process. The dissipation of excess PWP (or consolidation data) was used to quantify the setup by its contributing factors (i.e., consolidation and aging effect). The results showed that a majority of setups was because of the consolidation effect. The results of multilevel piezometers indicated that the influenced zone because of pile driving was almost 3B (B = pile width) radial distance from pile face.
Volume Change Measurement in Triaxial Tests by Monitoring Cell Fluid Volume Based on Viscoelastic Behavior of the Test Setup
Authors: Ahmadi-Naghadeh R. , Toker N. K.
Published: May 2017

A novel procedure was developed to measure the total volume change of the unsaturated soils in triaxial testing. The principle of the proposed method was based on cell fluid volume measurements corrected by the assumption of viscoelastic behavior for the triaxial setup. Calibration and parameter determination procedures of the model are devised, and the presented model is implemented into a MATLAB code. The proposed method was validated through a series of consolidated drained triaxial tests on saturated specimens, by comparing the changes in volume measurement of proposed method and conventional measurement (pore fluid). The accuracy in volume measurement during consolidation and shear stages of these tests was between 0.09 and 0.32 cm3, which is on par with or better than more complex and expensive alternatives found in the literature. Repeatability of the proposed technique in measurement of the volume change was also investigated through a series of suction controlled unsaturated soil tests.
Behavior of a Sensitive Clay in Isotropically Consolidated K̇o-Drained Triaxial Tests
Authors: Silvestri V. , Abou-Samra G.
Published: May 2017

This paper presented experimental results obtained in isotropically consolidated K̇o-drained triaxial tests on a lightly overconsolidated sensitive clay from Louiseville (Quebec). For the tests that start near the origin, the results showed that the response of the structured clay can be divided into three distinct phases of deformation. At low mean effective stress levels, the value of K̇o ranged between 0.2 and 0.3, and the shear stress varied linearly with strain. A critical shear stress was reached at the end of the first phase of deformation. At intermediate stress levels, the clay behaved like a plastic material, with K̇o = 0 and the shear stress remained approximately constant during deformation. At high stress levels, the clay becomes normally consolidated with K̇o = 1 − sin ϕ′, where ϕ′ is the friction angle of the destructured clay. However, the clay does not become normally consolidated for vertical effective stresses just in excess of the vertical preconsolidation pressure σ′vp. Rather, the effective vertical stress must exceed 1.36 σ′vp for the clay to reach a normally consolidated state. Comparisons were made with test results obtained on other sensitive clays of Eastern Canada, which showed a response similar to that of Louiseville clay.
Integrating the Four-Probe Method and SWCC Device to Measure Electrical Resistivity Anisotropy of Unsaturated Soil
Authors: Wu Y. , Wang Y. H. , Niu Q.
Published: May 2017

Electrical resistivity is often utilized to estimate different flow-related properties of unsaturated soils, such as hydraulic conductivity. To be better utilized for such a purpose, the electrical resistivity anisotropy has to be characterized to account for the anisotropic nature of soils. Thus, a testing cell equipped with two individual four-probe arrays was designed and manufactured using the 3D printing technique. The testing cell was integrated with a soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) device, and therefore both the soil resistivity anisotropy and SWCC could be measured simultaneously in the same sample. Numerical simulations using the finite element method (FEM) were carried out to characterize the measurement biases due to the boundary effect from the finite sample size and the influence of the electrode sizes, and then to determine the associated correction factors. The validity of the correction factors was also experimentally verified. Experimental results on the mica samples reveal that the electrical resistivity in the vertical and horizontal directions (i.e., ρV and ρH) increases as the suction increases or the degree of saturation decreases. In addition, the anisotropic factor, λ = √ρV/ρH, was found to gradually increase with increasing suction or decreasing water content.
New Suitable Pore Fluid to Manufacture Transparent Soil
Authors: Kong G. -Q. , Li H. , Hu Y. -X. , Yu Y. -X. , Xu W. -B.
Published: May 2017

Due to the opacity of natural soil, transparent soil has become an effective research tool to visualize soil internal movements and deformations. In this paper, the past research on transparent soil samples were summarized and reviewed. Due to the incompatibility with the latex membrane, the high viscosity and the high cost of the previously used pore fluids in the mixtures of transparent soil samples, more chemicals, and their mixtures have been tested in search of more suitable pore fluids to overcome the shortcomings above. Both granular particles of silica gel and fused quartz were tested for possible transparent clay and sand samples, respectively. Among the 19 chemicals/oils/water tested previously, 7 of them were selected with another 8 new oil and 30 new chemicals have been tested. There were 19 mixtures of fluids (15 oil-based and 4 water-based) studied for suitable pore fluids to the target refractive indices (TRIs) of the two granular particles to achieve the transparency of soil samples. Both interactions of the potential pore fluids with latex membrane and with granular particles were measured. Potassium thiocyanaten (KSCN) solution was identified as one of the new suitable water-based solutions with low viscosity and easy researching TRIs. Ethanol versus 3-Propanetriol (E +3-P) mixture, and Isopropanol versus 3-Propanetriol (I +3-P) mixture were identified as two new suitable oil-based solutions with minimum interaction with latex membranes.
Characterization of Soil Treated With Alkali-Activated Cement in Large-Scale Specimens
Authors: Cruz N. , Rios S. , Fortunato E. , Rodrigues C. , Cruz J. , Mateus C. , Ramos C.
Published: May 2017

Soil improvement with hydraulic binders is currently used in practice because of the advantages of using the local soil enhancing its geotechnical properties. However, environmental issues related to quicklime applications and carbon-dioxide emissions associated to Portland cement production encouraged the development of new binders. In this work, alkaline-activated cement (AAC) synthetized by fly ash and an alkaline solution was used to stabilize silty sand. The behavior of the treated soil was evaluated performing tests on a physical model and the results were compared to laboratory data to define its compaction, strength, and stiffness properties. Those tests include nuclear density gauge measurements, light falling weight deflectometer tests, and plate load tests, whereas unconfined compression tests with unload–reload cycles and seismic wave measurements were performed at the laboratory. These tests, very common in current geotechnical practice, have proved to be also adequate to quality control and to evaluate the geomechanical properties of this material. The results at 28 days show a significant improvement given by the AAC, but still show some sensitivity to water when flooded. The comparison of results from different tests provided the evolution of stiffness with strain level.
Automated Uncertainty Quantification Through Information Fusion in Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Nannapaneni S. , Mahadevan S. , Dubey A. , Lechevalier D. , Narayanan A. , Rachuri S.
Published: May 2017

Evaluation of key performance indicators (KPIs) such as energy consumption is essential for decision-making during the design and operation of smart manufacturing systems. The measurements of KPIs are strongly affected by several uncertainty sources such as input material uncertainty, the inherent variability in the manufacturing process, model uncertainty, and the uncertainty in the sensor measurements of operational data. A comprehensive understanding of the uncertainty sources and their effect on the KPIs is required to make the manufacturing processes more efficient. Towards this objective, this paper proposed an automated methodology to generate a hierarchical Bayesian network (HBN) for a manufacturing system from semantic system models, physics-based models, and available data in an automated manner, which can be used to perform uncertainty quantification (UQ) analysis. The semantic system model, which is a high-level model describing the system along with its parameters, is assumed to be available in the generic modeling environment (GME) platform. Apart from semantic description, physics-based models, if available, are assumed to be available in model libraries. The proposed methodology was divided into two tasks: (1) automated hierarchical Bayesian network construction using the semantic system model, available models and data, and (2) automated uncertainty quantification (UQ) analysis. A metamodel of an HBN was developed using the GME, along with a syntax representation for the associated conditional probability tables/distributions. The constructed HBN corresponding to a system was represented as an instance model of the HBN metamodel. On the metamodel, a model interpreter was written to be able to carry out the UQ analysis in an automated manner for any HBN instance model conforming to the HBN metamodel. The proposed methodologies are demonstrated using an injection molding process.
Model-Data Streaming for Additive Manufacturing Securing Intellectual Property
Authors: Baumann F. W. , Ludwig T. , Darwin Abele N. , Hoffmann S. , Roller D.
Published: May 2017

With the increased usage and application of 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM), the question arises of how content providers or creators can ensure their intellectual property on such model data. Similar to other digital media, such object information that is represented in a number of file formats is easy to copy and reproduce lossless. This research combined digital watermarking of physical 3D printed objects with direct streaming of machine code instructions (GCode) for 3D printing. As the user was no longer in possession of a digital model of the object that is to be printed, the replication of the object was made difficult. A digital model was the abstract representation of information of an object that was transformed into a variety of data formats during the production process. From the data available to the user, the reconstruction of the original model was difficult. For this system, a low-cost adaptor was attached to the 3D printer on which the streamed machine instructions were cached. This adaptor controls the 3D printer. This implementation was part of an online 3D printing service published by the authors.
Pathological Narcissism and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Authors: Dawood Sindes , Schroder Hans S. , Donnellan M. Brent , Pincus Aaron L.
Published: May 2017

Few studies have examined associations between pathological narcissism and self-harm, but those that do indicate that narcissistic vulnerability (not narcissistic grandiosity) relates to self-harm. The current study extends this literature by investigating how facets of pathological narcissism assessed by the Pathological Narcissism Inventory relate to specific nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors assessed by the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury using statistical models appropriate for non-normally distributed count data. In a sample of 1,023 undergraduate students, results revealed that facets of both narcissistic vulnerability and narcissistic grandiosity were differentially related to the endorsement and frequency of specific NSSI behaviors and higher-order latent NSSI factors (repetitive and impulsive), even after accounting for levels of borderline pathology. The clinical implications of these results are discussed.
Strategies of Containment
Authors: Berzon Todd S.
Published: May 2017

This article investigates the ideological dimensions of an expressly spatialized discourse of Christian heresy in late antiquity as articulated in the laws of the Theodosian Code. It argues that efforts to legislate heresy in spatial terms served both to reify its seemingly uncontrollable, protean nature, while also distinguishing heresy as a dangerous social contagion from heresy as a cognitive condition. To legislate heresy in the language of space and place was an attempt to regularize it, to subject it to conditions that could be usefully legislated against, maybe even with a modicum of tolerance in a narrowly defined spaced. The laws within the Code deployed different rhetorics and logics to describe and regulate the spaces of the heretics. The heretics were denied space altogether and thus exposed, permitted secluded spaces and contained, and pushed out of the world altogether and thus made oblivious. In these different rhetorical maneuvers, the Code produced a protracted struggle to define the very terms of its heretical control. In codifying efforts to manage such a diverse and diffuse mass of heretics, the Code produced not a singular orthodoxy, but various orthodoxies or strategies of heretical containment. Efforts to control the heretics, in short, produced competing and complementary orthodoxies.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Suicide risk in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Bin , An Xiaofei , Shi Xiaohong , Zhang Jin-an
Published: May 2017

Background

Previous studies investigating the risk of suicide in diabetes patients reported controversial findings. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively estimate the risk and incidence rate of suicide in diabetic patients.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO were searched for eligible studies. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate the relative risk (RR) and the incidence rate of suicide in diabetes patients. We also calculated the proportion of deaths attributable to suicide among diabetes patients.

Results

54 studies were finally included, including 28 studies on the suicide risk associated with diabetes, 47 studies on the incidence rate of suicide and 45 studies on the proportion of deaths attributable to suicide. Meta-analysis showed that diabetes could significantly increase the risk of suicide (RR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.29–1.89; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the RR of suicide associated with type 1 diabetes was 2.25 (95% CI: 1.50–3.38; P < 0.001). The pooled incidence rate of suicide in patients with diabetes was 2.35 per 10 000 person-years (95% CI: 1.51–3.64). The pooled proportions of long-term deaths attributable to suicide in type 1 diabetes patients and type 2 diabetes patients were 7.7% (95% CI: 6.0–9.8) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.6–2.6), respectively.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis suggests that diabetes can significantly increase the risk of suicide. Suicide has an obvious contribution to mortality in diabetic patients, especially among type 1 diabetes patients. Effective strategies to decrease suicide risk and improve mental health outcomes in diabetes patients are needed.
Neutral Competition forDrosophilaFollicle and Cyst Stem Cell Niches Requires Vesicle Trafficking Genes
Authors: Cook Matthew S , Cazin Coralie , Amoyel Marc , Yamamoto Shinya , Bach Erika , Nystul Todd
Published: May 2017

Stem cell niche competition a common but poorly understood process. One impediment to understanding is a lack of useful niche competition alleles. In...

The process of selecting for cellular fitness through competition plays a critical role in both development and disease. The germarium, a structure at the tip of the ovariole of a Drosophila ovary, contains two follicle stem cells (FSCs) that undergo neutral competition for the stem cell niche. Using the FSCs as a model, we performed a genetic screen through a collection of 126 mutants in essential genes on the X chromosome to identify candidates that increase or decrease competition for the FSC niche. We identified ∼55 and 6% of the mutations screened as putative FSC hypo- or hyper-competitors, respectively. We found that a large majority of mutations in vesicle trafficking genes (11 out of the 13 in the collection of mutants) are candidate hypo-competition alleles, and we confirmed the hypo-competition phenotype for four of these alleles. We also show that Sec16 and another COPII vesicle trafficking component, Sar1, are required for follicle cell differentiation. Lastly, we demonstrate that, although some components of vesicle trafficking are also required for neutral competition in the cyst stem cells of the testis, there are important tissue-specific differences. Our results demonstrate a critical role for vesicle trafficking in stem cell niche competition and differentiation, and we identify a number of putative candidates for further exploration.
Infección del tracto urinario en receptores de trasplante renal
Authors: Méndez Chacón Pedro , Bardales Viguria Fernando , Ardiles Aniceto Ángel , Cervera Álvarez Carlos , Méndez Chacón Rodriguez Carla , Vidalón Fernández Armando
Published: May 2017

Introducción. La infección del tracto urinario (ITU) es común en receptores de trasplante renal (TR). La frecuencia de ITU depende de factores previos y posteriores al trasplante. Objetivos. Determinar la cronología de aparición de ITU sintomática, los microorganismos causantes y la incidencia de ITU resistente a antibióticos en receptores de TR. Diseño. Estudio retrospectivo. Lugar. Unidad de Trasplante Renal, Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Perú. Participantes. Pacientes sometidos a TR. Intervenciones. Se revisó la historia clínica de 304 pacientes sometidos a TR en el período 2002-2011, con seguimiento de hasta cuatro años por paciente. Se constató 215 episodios de ITU sintomática confirmada mediante urocultivo en 84 receptores. Principales medidas de resultados. Incidencia, cronología, determinación microbiológica/ susceptibilidad, resistencia bacteriana, factores de riesgo, estrategias diagnósticas, presencia o no de bacteriemia y manejo terapéutico. Resultados. En 50% de los 84 receptores el episodio inicial ocurrió durante los primeros tres meses, y en 39% se constató más de un episodio de ITU. Las bacterias representaron la etiología más frecuente (94%), siendo la Escherichia coli (77%) el uropatógeno prevalente, con tasa productora betalactamasa espectro extendido (BLEE) en 38%, seguida de Klebsiella pneumonie (11%) con BLEE 65%. En 12% de los 215 episodios de ITU el hemocultivo fue positivo. Entre los factores de riesgo se detectó luego del trasplante 19% receptores con anormalidades anatómicas del tracto urinario. Conclusiones. La ITU ocurrió tempranamente luego del trasplante y la Escherichia coli fue el microorganismo etiológico más frecuente. La resistencia antibiótica estuvo presente en 37% de los 215 episodios de ITU, representando un desafío contínuo a resolver en la práctica clínica.
How accurately does the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire identify workers with or without potential psychological distress?
Authors: Tsutsumi Akizumi , Inoue Akiomi , Eguchi Hisashi
Published: May 2017

Objectives

The manual for the Japanese Stress Check Program recommends use of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) from among the program’s instruments and proposes criteria for defining “highstress” workers. This study aimed to examine how accurately the BJSQ identifies workers with or without potential psychological distress.

Methods

We used an online survey to administer the BJSQ with a psychological distress scale (K6) to randomly selected workers (n=1,650). We conducted receiver operating characteristics curve analyses to estimate the screening performance of the cutoff points that the Stress Check Program manual recommends for the BJSQ.

Results

Prevalence of workers with potential psychological distress defined as K6 score ≥13 was 13%. Prevalence of “high-risk” workers defined using criteria recommended by the program manual was 16.7% for the original version of the BJSQ. The estimated values were as follows: sensitivity, 60.5%; specificity, 88.9%; Youden index, 0.504; positive predictive value, 47.3%; negative predictive value, 93.8%; positive likelihood ratio, 6.0; and negative likelihood ratio, 0.4. Analyses based on the simplified BJSQ indicated lower sensitivity compared with the original version, although we expected roughly the same screening performance for the best scenario using the original version.

Conclusions

Our analyses in which psychological distress measured by K6 was set as the target condition indicate less than half of the identified “high-stress” workers warrant consideration for secondary screening for psychological distress.
EVALUATION OF BIOCONVERSION CONDITIONS ON REUTERIN PRODUCTION USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY AND LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES AS TARGET BACTERIA
Authors: Dang Vu Khanh , Salmieri StÃ©phane , Blanca Rosa Aguilar-Uscanga , Lacroix Monique
Published: May 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bioconversion conditions on reuterin production by Lactobacillus reuteri using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design consisted of three independent factors at 5 levels: concentration of Lactococcus reuteri (log CFU/ml), glycerol concentration (mM), and incubation time (h) was set up and consisted of 18 experimental runs. The dependant factor was the relative reuterin concentration expressed through its antibacterial activity (Units reuterin per ml, U/ml) against L. monocytogenes using microbroth dilution assay. A polynomial equation for prediction of reuterin production (U/ml) produced by L. reuteri was created based on obtained data. Results showed that incubation time, bacterial and glycerol concentrations had linear positive effects on reuterin production. The quadratic effect of incubation time had negative effect on reuterin production in which at a fixed bacterial concentration of L. reuteri, a longer incubation time with low concentration of glycerol will cause the reduction in relative reuterin concentration. It was found that approximately 450 U/ml can be produced by L. reuteri with glycerol concentration ranging from 320 to 340 mM mM, L. reuteri concentration of 9.4 log CFU/ml and 2 h of incubation. Results demonstrated that applying suitable conditions for glycerol bioconversion into reuterin by L. reuteri, a high relative reuterin concentration could be obtained and used for food preservation against L. monocytogenes.
INHIBITION OF AN EXTRACELLULAR POLYGALACTURONASE FROM GEOTRICHUM CANDIDUM BY A PROTEINACEOUS INHIBITOR ISOLATED FROM LEMON FRUITS
Authors: Ivana Fabiola RodrÃ­guez , Sebastian Torres , Jorge Esteban Sayago , Iris Catiana Zampini , María Inés Isla , Roxana OrdÃ³Ã±ez
Published: May 2017

An extracellular polygalacturonase [EC 3.2.1.15], named PG-543, was purified from the culture of Geotrichum candidum IEV 543, a phytopathogenic fungi isolated from infected lemon. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 26 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The pH optimum determined was 5.5; the enzyme showed high stability in the pH range between 4.0 and 6.0. The temperature optimum was 37 ºC. Furthermore, a proteinaceous inhibitor of the polygalacturonase (PG) named PGIP was isolated from lemon albedo. This protein was able to maintain the inhibitory activity in a wide range of pH and temperature. The maximal interaction between PG-PGIP was reached after 20 min of contact. PGIP did not show toxic effect on Artemia salina in the concentration range that was active on PG enzyme. Also, the proteinaceous inhibitor did not show mutagenic nor phytotoxic effects.
Our results suggest that, the PGIP isolated from lemon could be used as a natural product to decrease the propagation of pathogenic fungi responsible for postharvest diseases in citrus by the inhibition of hydrolytic enzymes secreted by pathogens.
LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AND YEAST DIVERSITIES IN SPONTANEOUSLY FERMENTED MILLET SOURDOUGHS
Authors: Abiola Akinola Stephen , Faramade Osundahunsi Oluwatooyin
Published: May 2017

The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast diversities in spontaneously fermented pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and finger millet (Eleusine coracona) sourdoughs were investigated. Pearl and finger millet grains were processed into flour and used in spontaneous sourdough fermentation. LAB and yeast cultures were isolated, screened and identified based on morphological, biochemical and sugar utilisation pattern using API 50CHL and API 20 AUX kits. Titratable acidity, pH and Temperatures of sourdoughs developed were also monitored. Titratable acidity and Temperature increased with increasing days of fermentation and conversely the pH. and mesophilic bacterial count followed that of a normal bacterial growth curve. Dominant LAB and yeasts in pearl and finger millet spontaneously developed sourdoughs were Lb. plantarum, Lb. plantarum 1, Pediococcus pentosaseus, Lb. pentosus, and Saccharomyces cereviasiae. However, Candida milleri was found in pearl millet sourdoughs. The dominant cultures in millet sourdoughs could find applications as starter cultures if improved sourdough quality is desired.
Perfil nutricional e alimentar de portadores de HIV-1/AIDS internados em um hospital universitário
Authors: Kauffmann Luanny Kaísa De Oliveira , Miranda Rozinéia de Nazaré Alberto , Guterres Aldair Da Silva , Pinto Amanda Fernandes
Published: May 2017

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil nutricional e alimentar de portadores de HIV-1, internados em um hospital universitário.Materiais e Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, no qual a população de estudo foi composta por 54 pacientes internados, de ambos os sexos, adultos, com faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos, acompanhados durante o período de Abril a Outubro de 2014, na Clínica de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias (DIP), do Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto (HUJBB/UFPA). Foi utilizado formulário próprio para o levantamento das características demográficas, socioeconômicas, antropométricas e dietéticas (QFA). Para verificar a as diferenças de médias foi realizada a análise de variância (ANOVA) e o grau de associação entre as variáveis foi medido pela correlação de Pearson, estabeleceu-se como significância valor de p<0,05.Resultados: Prevalência do sexo masculino, os pacientes pertencem a um nível econômico baixo, apresentando também uma baixa escolaridade. O perfil nutricional encontrado nos pacientes, de acordo com os métodos de avaliação antropométrica (índice de massa corporal, prega cutânea tricipital, circunferência do braço e circunferência muscular do braço), apresentou predominância de desnutrição (55,5; 92,6; 79,6 e 55,5%; respectivamente), evidenciando déficit de massa magra e gordura corporal. Encontrou-se ainda significativa correlação linear do índice de massa corpórea com as outras medidas antropométricas compartimentadas. Quanto à ingestão dietética, verificou-se expressivo consumo de alimentos energéticos, significativo consumo de alimentos construtores e baixa ingestão de alimentos reguladores quando comparados ao recomendado.Conclusão: Observou-se que a maioria dos pacientes apresentou estado nutricional de desnutrição e o perfil alimentar, de modo geral, se caracterizou por prevalência de hábitos alimentares saudáveis.