bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Process ambidexterity driven by environmental uncertainty: balancing flexibility and routine
Authors: Yu Kangkang , Cadeaux Jack , Luo Ben Nanfeng , Qian Cheng
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aims to extend ambidexterity theory from the perspective of organisational learning and examine how process ambidexterity, which comprises operational flexibility and operational routine, responds to environmental uncertainty and ultimately reduces organisational risks.

Design/methodology/approach

This study tests the hypotheses by analysing 464 annual reports of 115 listed companies in the Chinese agricultural and food industry using content and secondary data analyses. Four case studies are also provided.

Findings

The results show that (1) environmental uncertainty has a positive effect on either operational flexibility or operational routine; (2) both operational flexibility and operational routine have negative effects on organisational risks, supporting the view that process ambidexterity mediates the relationship between environmental uncertainty and organisational risks; and (3) organisational slack plays the role of “double-edged sword” by negatively moderating the effect of environmental uncertainty on operational flexibility and positively moderating the effect of environmental uncertainty on operational routine.

Originality/value

In an uncertain environment, companies are exposed to greater risk. This study contributes to risk management in three ways: first, it extends ambidexterity theory to process management and proposes how process ambidexterity balances operational flexibility and routines. Second, it distinguishes between the different conditions under which flexibility or routines are superior. Third, it explains the mechanisms related to how organisations can resolve environmental uncertainty into risk through process ambidexterity.
Specialist courts and borderline personality disorder: a pilot study of the efficacy of the assessment and referral court list to reduce recidivist behaviour
Authors: Chesser Brianna , Smith Ken , Sigamoney Alyssa , Becker Casey
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the ways in which the criminal justice system has evolved to accommodate mental illness. Mental health courts are one such alternative; these courts actively seek rehabilitative and therapeutic outcomes for participants. However, current literature suggests that these courts are ineffective for offenders who have been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD).

Design/methodology/approach

The aim of the current inquiry was to determine the degree to which participation in the Assessment and Referral Court (ARC) List in the Magistrates’ Court of Victoria reduced re-offending rates for offenders diagnosed with BPD by providing a comparative analysis of pre and post ARC List offending.

Findings

The results of a two-year recidivism study suggest that successful completion of the ARC List reduces recidivism for 50% of offenders diagnosed with BPD.

Originality/value

To the authoring team’s knowledge, this is the second paper to explore the efficacy of the Assessment of Referral Court List (Magistrates’ Court of Victoria) in reducing recidivist behaviours for programme participants; however, it is the first paper to look specifically at the recidivist behaviours of participants of the Assessment of Referral Court List (Magistrates’ Court of Victoria) who have been diagnosed with BPD.
Service performance reporting and principles-based authoritative guidance: an analysis of New Zealand higher education institutions
Authors: Hsiao Pei-Chi Kelly , Low Mary , Scott Tom
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the extent to which performance indicators (PIs) reported by New Zealand (NZ) higher education institutions (HEIs) correspond with accounting standards and guidance and the effects issuance of principles-based authoritative guidance and early adoption of Public Benefit Entity Financial Reporting Standard 48 (PBE FRS 48) have on the PIs disclosed.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a content analysis index derived from accounting standards and guidance, we conduct a longitudinal assessment of the 2016 and 2019 statements of service performance published by 22 NZ HEIs.

Findings

The PIs reported extend beyond the service performance elements proposed by standard-setters. Despite few indicators on intermediate and broader outcomes, the measures disclosed by HEIs are reflective of their role in the NZ economy and the national Tertiary Education Strategy. The results show that principles-based authoritative guidance and early adoption of PBE FRS 48 influence the focus and type of measures disclosed, while there is no evidence of improvements in the reporting of impacts, outcomes and information useful for performance evaluation.

Practical implications

This paper provides timely insights for standard-setters and regulators on the influence principles-based accounting standards and guidance have on non-financial reporting practices.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the scant literature on HEIs’ service performance reporting. It presents a model for conceptualising HEIs’ PIs that can be used as a basis for future research on non-financial reporting. It also reflects on the tension between accountability and “accountingisation”, suggesting that, although the PIs reported support formal accountability, they do not communicate whether HEIs’ activities and outputs meet their social purpose.
Identifying key mentor characteristics for successful workplace mentoring relationships and programmes
Authors: Deng Connie , Turner Nick
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The aims of this critical review are to identify the mentor characteristics that lead to superior mentoring outcomes and to provide human resources development (HRD) professionals with evidence-based suggestions for recruiting, selecting and training mentors to improve mentorship programme effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a critical review of existing quantitative research on mentor characteristics that have an impact on effective mentoring.

Findings

The authors identified five key categories of mentor characteristics linked to successful mentoring outcomes: competency in context-relevant knowledge, skills and abilities; commitment and initiative; interpersonal skills; pro-social orientation and an orientation toward development, exploration and expansion.

Research limitations/implications

There is limited research on the characteristics of ineffective mentor characteristics, exclusion of articles that used qualitative research methods exclusively and how technology-based communication in mentoring may require different characteristics. Most of the included studies collected data in the United States of America, which may exclude other important mentor characteristics from other non-Western perspectives.

Practical implications

To ensure that there is both a sufficient pool of qualified mentors and mentors who meet the desired criteria, focus on both recruitment and training mentors is important. Incorporating the desired mentor characteristics into both of these processes, rather than just selection, will help with self-selection and development of these characteristics.

Originality/value

Despite the ongoing interest in identifying effective mentor characteristics, the existing literature is fragmented, making this challenging for HRD professionals to determine which characteristics are crucial for mentoring relationships and programme success. Addressing this practical need, this critical review synthesises the research literature and identifies patterns and inconsistencies. Based on the review, the authors provide evidence-based recommendations to enhance the recruitment, selection and training of mentors.
Adoption of sustainable practices by Asian hotels: gaps in academia
Authors: Srivastava Sidharth , Dey Sandeep Kumar , Sharma Savita , Ratilla Mark
Published: March 2023

Purpose

An extant literature review of hospitality manpower performance reveals the scarcity of green skills among young graduates of hospitality management in the Asian context. Studies signal the discrepancy between knowledge imbibed and skills acquired. The current study is a call to action to identify the barriers to green training at the academic level.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a qualitative investigation by senior academics from Asian countries. Thematic analysis is the primary method deployed.

Findings

Four major themes emerged from the analytical exercise. They include lack of resources, policies and regulations, an overburdened curriculum and awareness. Interestingly, the themes are in tandem with the Tourism Education Futures Institute (TEFI) value framework for nurturing sustainability practices in the hospitality industry through systematic programming of hotel management education.

Practical implications

In order to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2030 (Goal 4) of ensuring lifelong strategic education to foster sustainability, the green skill–knowledge gap must be bridged at the academic level. The current paper sheds light on how the synergy between industry and academia can address this knowledge–skill gap and develop sustainable capacities in the long run.

Originality/value

This study used a qualitative dataset, and the findings contribute to the sustainability literature. Further studies can be undertaken using big data in varied settings.
Non‐linear response of productivity to precipitation extremes in the Inner Mongolia grassland
Authors: Sun Jiamei , Zhang Bin , Pan Qingmin , Liu Wei , Wang Xiaoliang , Huang Jianhui , Chen Dima , Wang Changhui , Han Xingguo
Published: March 2023

As precipitation (PPT) regimes are becoming more extreme worldwide, the inter‐annual variation in PPT amount at a given location is becoming greater than ever before. Yet, our understanding of grassland responses to extreme drought and wet years, as well as the pattern of the relationship between PPT and above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP) along a PPT gradient from extreme drought to extreme wetness scenarios, remains unclear, hampering accurate forecasting of the grassland feedbacks to future PPT changes.

We addressed this research gap by a 4‐year, multi‐level PPT gradient experiment that included PPT amounts simulating extremely dry and wet years in combination with a long‐term (40 years) observational study in a grassland ecosystem.

We found that the ANPP reductions due to extreme droughts were greater than the magnitude of positive responses to extreme wet years. The PPT‐ANPP relationship along the gradient of PPT followed a negative asymmetric (concave‐down) pattern. We identified the major mechanisms for this pattern were a shift in primary limiting resource for ANPP from water to nitrogen with increasing PPT and different responses of the plant functional groups presented in the community. With the increase of PPT from extremely low to extremely high levels, the relative abundance of forbs increased, while that of grasses decreased and annuals was not significantly affected.

This study illustrates how a grassland responded to PPT extremes and highlights the role of shifts in resource limitation in affecting the PPT‐ANPP relationship. The negative asymmetric pattern suggests that the reduction of ANPP in extremely drought years cannot be mitigated by its positive response to extremely wet years. Thus, to accurately forecast future ecosystem feedback to climate change, we should take into account the negative asymmetric feature of the ecosystem response to stronger climate variation, as well as recognize that the resource limitations will be fundamentally altered by increasing frequency and intensity of climate extremes in the future.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Spatial design improves efficiency and scalability of seed‐based seagrass restoration
Authors: Gräfnings Max L. E. , Heusinkveld Jannes H. T. , Hijner Nadia , Hoeijmakers Dieuwke J. J. , Smeele Quirin , Zwarts Maarten , van der Heide Tjisse , Govers Laura L.
Published: March 2023

Coastal ecosystem restoration is often ineffective and expensive in practice. As a consequence, upscaling restoration efforts to functionally relevant spatial scales remains one of the largest hurdles for coastal restoration practice. On small scales, restoration success of vegetated ecosystems (i.e. salt marshes and seagrasses) can be amplified by spatial designs that harness positive interactions. However, it remains unknown if positive interactions can be harnessed with seed‐based approaches, that are considered to be more cost‐effective and scalable than traditional shoot‐based restoration methods.

Here, we investigated with a full‐factorial seeding experiment if (1) restoration scale (4, 40 and 400 m2) and (2) seeding density (10 and 50 injections/m2) affected multi‐year recruitment efficiency (measured as restored plants/seed injection) of annual eelgrass Zostera marina in the Dutch Wadden Sea.

We found that the largest restoration scale (400 m2) increased second‐generation recruitment efficiency by suppressing a sedimentation‐related negative feedback. With increased restoration scale, the inner parts of the restoration plots captured less sediment, which decreased the desiccation stress of the restored eelgrass during low tide. Due to this stress alleviation, plants grew larger and produced more seed‐bearing spathes, which the following year resulted in two and three times higher recruitment efficiency at the largest restoration scale compared to the smaller scales. Moreover, lower seeding density more than doubled second‐generation recruitment efficiency compared to the higher density, supporting recent work showing that the effectiveness of ‘clumped’ spatial designs is context dependent.

Synthesis and applications. The efficiency of restoration efforts is seldom taken into account, but can offer restoration projects a valuable metric with which workload, donor material and cost‐requirements can be reduced. We demonstrate that simple modifications to seed‐based coastal restoration designs (e.g. scale and density) can have a substantial impact on recruitment efficiency and multi‐year restoration yields. Thus, optimised restoration designs can strongly contribute to the upscaling potential of coastal ecosystem restoration. However, optimal restoration designs are expected to be strongly context dependent and we therefore argue that investigating optimal designs should be adopted as common practice, providing a crucial steppingstone between ‘proof‐of‐concepts’ and true large‐scale restoration attempts (km2).
Toward maintaining canine training aid integrity: Visualizing contamination and testing storage materials for a non‐hazardous canine training aid
Authors: Gauthier Quentin T. , Riley Paige , Simon Alison G.
Published: March 2023

Contamination of canine training aids is a pervasive issue that may lead to incorrect canine discrimination of target odors. It is therefore important to properly store training materials to maintain their integrity and efficiency. First, this study demonstrated the potential for contamination using GloGerm™ as a proxy for odor/particulate transfer. Then, eight types of containers were evaluated to determine (1) the ability to prevent odor permeation and (2) the likelihood of maintaining the ab/adsorbed odor. Lastly, a longitudinal study evaluated how the permeation of the target odor changed over time. Analysis occurred using a direct analysis in real‐time mass spectrometer (DART‐MS) to detect triacetone triperoxide (TATP) from the non‐hazardous canine training aid known as the polymer odor capture‐and‐release (POCR) system. Results showed that Mylar and Opsak bags were most effective for short‐term storage, maintaining low levels of ab/adsorption. Over time, the amount of TATP permeating through the primary containers and collecting in a secondary container (i.e., outer packaging) increased at 1 week and decreased thereafter (up to 4 months). The amount of TATP collecting in the primary containers, however, increased up to 1 month and decreased thereafter.
Intentional overdose of glargine insulin: Determination of the parent compound in postmortem blood by LC‐HRMS
Authors: Arbouche Nadia , Walch Alexis , Raul Jean‐Sébastien , Kintz Pascal
Published: March 2023

Insulin glargine is a long‐acting insulin analog that is converted after enzymatic cleavage of the arginine pair of the β‐chain into its main metabolite M1 (21A‐Gly‐insulin), which is responsible for the hypoglycemic activity. In all the overdose cases described in the literature, only M1 concentrations have been reported, whereas insulin glargine was always absent or below the limit of quantitation. In this study, we present a case of suicide of a young nurse by injection of insulin glargine in which the parent molecule was found at a toxic concentration in blood. The determination and the discrimination of insulin glargine from human insulin and other synthetic analogs in the blood specimen were performed by liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry (Waters XEVO G2‐XS QToF) and extraction after precipitation in the presence of bovine insulin (internal standard), with a mixture of acetonitrile/methanol +1% formic acid followed by purification on solid phase extraction cartridges C18. Glargine insulin tested highly positive in the blood with a concentration of 1.06 mg/L. Due to the difficulty in obtaining a M1 pure standard, the metabolite could not be dosed. This unique presence of the parent molecule, reported for the first time, can be explained by inter‐individual variability in the rate of conversion to metabolite. Intravenous injection versus subcutaneous injection can also explain the presence of insulin glargine. Finally, the dose injected may have been so high that saturation of the proteolytic enzymes responsible for conversion to M1 should have occurred.
Multiple micromeningiomas coexist with primary lung adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Chen Jindong , You Ling , Dong Jingsi
Published: March 2023

Cases of multiple ectopic meningiomas in the lung coexisting with pulmonary malignancies are extremely rare in the clinic. On imaging, it is difficult to distinguish multiple ectopic meningiomas from lung cancer, which puts forward higher requirements for treatment. A 65‐year‐old female patient was admitted to our department for multiple nodules in both lungs. The patient underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection and segmental resection. Postoperative pathological examination found lung meningioma, atypical adenomatoid hyperplasia (AAH), carcinoma in situ (AIS), invasive adenocarcinoma, and other pathological types. In this case, pulmonary meningioma, AAH, AIS, and invasive adenocarcinoma of various pulmonary nodules were observed. This case, which has not been reported before, is unique in that it has multiple pathologic types in one organ. This puts forward higher requirements for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
The ternary diagram of functional diversity
Authors: Ricotta Carlo , Podani János , Schmera Dénes , Bacaro Giovanni , Maccherini Simona , Pavoine Sandrine
Published: March 2023

Among the many diversity indices in the ecologist toolbox, measures that can be partitioned into additive terms are particularly useful as the different components can be related to different ecological processes shaping community structure.

In this paper, an additive diversity decomposition is proposed to partition the diversity structure of a given community into three complementary fractions: functional diversity, functional redundancy and species dominance. These three components sum up to one. Therefore, they can be used to portray the community structure in a ternary diagram.

Since the identification of community‐level patterns is an essential step to investigate the main drivers of species coexistence, the ternary diagram of functional diversity can be used to relate different facets of diversity to community assembly processes more exhaustively than looking only at one index at a time.

The value of the proposed diversity decomposition is demonstrated by the analysis of actual abundance data on plant assemblages sampled in grazed and ungrazed grasslands in Tuscany (Central Italy).
In‐Group Favoritism as Legal Strategy: Evidence from FCPA Settlements
Authors: Feinstein Brian D. , Heaston William R. , Siqueira de Carvalho Guilherme
Published: March 2023

Anti‐corruption laws aim to bolster public integrity by punishing attempts to illegitimately curry favor with government decision‐makers. These laws, however, can generate integrity risks of their own. This article examines one such risk: that firms subject to scrutiny under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) may attempt to influence prosecutors by exploiting shared political leanings or related socio‐cultural ties. Drawing on social psychology, we theorize that FCPA defendants retain defense attorneys who are aligned with government officials. This behavior is consistent with a strategy of marshaling in‐group favoritism—i.e., the psychological tendency for individuals to view more favorably those that they perceive as members of the same group—to defendants' advantage. This strategy may be particularly auspicious in FCPA matters, in which prosecutors engage in subjective, trust‐based assessments of defendants' self‐investigatory efforts, typically with minimal judicial oversight. We test this theory by matching attorneys listed on court filings for all FCPA matters over eighteen years with a database of individuals' political views based on their patterns of political donations. This analysis reveals that defendants tend to hire more liberal attorneys to represent them on these filings when prosecutors lean left and during Democratic administrations, and more conservative attorneys when prosecutors lean right and during Republican presidencies. In light of these findings, we offer policy prescriptions aimed at increasing transparency and judicial oversight of FCPA matters to mitigate integrity risks.
Litigating Corporate Human Rights Information
Authors: Chambers Rachel
Published: March 2023

This article analyzes trends in litigation brought against corporate actors regarding human rights information. Such information includes, but is not limited to, statements on packaging claiming that products are “ethically sourced” and investor‐facing disclosures representing that an issuer's operations are environmentally friendly. It proceeds by outlining the sources of human rights‐related disclosures as they arise under both legal and voluntary regimes. The article then addresses the case law. Recent years have seen an increase in lawsuits involving human rights information, or lack thereof, imparted by companies. Consumer protection or consumer fraud cases are being filed, alleging that companies have either provided false and misleading information or omitted information about corporate human rights impacts and mitigation efforts. Investors are filing similar claims. The article examines the trend and considers the role of this litigation both in holding companies to their word and in providing corporate accountability for the underlying human rights abuses that false or misleading human rights information may mask. It ultimately argues that, although success at trial in such cases remains elusive, litigation is a useful and potentially growing tool for holding companies to their word regarding human rights claims. It contextualizes this litigation, arguing that other means by which companies can be held to their word should be strengthened, including public enforcement and—potentially—new disclosure and due diligence laws.
Modeling Theories of Women's Underrepresentation in Elections
Authors: Ashworth Scott , Berry Christopher R. , Bueno de Mesquita Ethan
Published: March 2023

Research on women candidates in American elections uncovers four key facts: Women (i) are underrepresented among candidates, (ii) are underrepresented among office holders, (iii) perform better in office, and (iv) win open seats at equal rates to men. Scholars offer two types of explanations: Women are less willing to run than men, due to differential costs or a gap in self‐perceived qualification, or voters discriminate at the ballot box. We formally model these mechanisms. Lower willingness to run predicts the first three facts but not the fourth. Voter discrimination at the ballot box predicts the first three facts and creates competing effects with respect to the fourth. Thus, the major stylized facts cannot be explained without voter discrimination, whether overt or more subtle. We explore whether a close‐election regression discontinuity distinguishes the mechanisms; surprisingly, it does not.
Magnetic blood purification‐based soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 removal in comparison with dextran sulfate apheresis and therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Rduch Thomas , Arn Norbert , Kinkel Janis , Fischer Tina , Binet Isabelle , Hornung René , Herrmann Inge K.
Published: March 2023

Background

Preeclampsia remains one of the most serious complications of pregnancy. Effective therapies are yet to be developed. Recent research has identified an imbalance of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors as a root cause of preeclampsia. In particular, soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) has been shown to bind the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF), reducing blood vessel growth. Increasing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that removal of the sFlt‐1 protein may benefit patients with early onset preeclampsia. sFlt‐1 may be removed by conventional blood purification techniques, such as therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and dextran sulfate apheresis (DSA), or emerging technologies, including extracorporeal magnetic blood purification (MBP).

Methods

We compare the performance and selectivity of TPE, DSA, and MBP for the therapeutic removal of sFlt‐1. For MPB, we employ magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with either sFlt‐1 antibodies or the sFlt‐1‐binding partner, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Results

We demonstrate that sFlt‐1 removal by MBP is feasible and significantly more selective than TPE and DSA at comparable sFlt‐1 removal efficiencies (MBP 96%, TPE 92%, DSA 78%). During both TPE and DSA, complement factors (incl. C3c and C4) are depleted to a considerable extent (−90% for TPE, −55% for DSA), while in MBP, complement factor concentrations remain unaltered. We further demonstrate that the removal efficacy of sFlt‐1 in the MBP approach is strongly dependent on the nanoparticle type and dose and can be optimized to reach clinically feasible throughputs.

Conclusions

Taken together, the highly selective removal of sFlt‐1 and potential other disease‐causing factors by extracorporeal magnetic blood purification may offer new prospects for preeclamptic patients.
Pedagogical features of interactive apps for effective learning of foundational skills
Authors: Huntington Bethany , Goulding James , Pitchford Nicola J.
Published: March 2023

Interactive apps are commonly used to support the acquisition of foundational skills. Yet little is known about how pedagogical features of such apps affect learning outcomes, attainment and motivation—particularly when deployed in lower‐income contexts, where educational gains are most needed. In this study, we analyse which app features are most effective in supporting the acquisition of foundational literacy and numeracy skills. We compare five apps developed for the Global Learning XPRIZE and deployed to 2041 out‐of‐school children in 172 remote Tanzanian villages. A total of 41 non‐expert participants each provided 165 comparative judgements of the five apps from the competition, across 15 pedagogical features. Analysis and modelling of these 6765 comparisons indicate that the apps created by the joint winners of the XPRIZE, who produced the greatest learning outcomes over the 15‐month field trial, shared six pedagogical features—autonomous learning, motor skills, task structure, engagement, language demand and personalisation. Results demonstrate that this combination of features is effective at supporting learning of foundational skills and has a positive impact on educational outcomes. To maximise learning potential in environments with both limited resources and deployment opportunities, developers should focus attention on this combination of features, especially for out‐of‐school children in low‐ and middle‐income countries.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Interactive apps are becoming common to support foundational learning for children both in and out of school settings.

The Global Learning XPRIZE competition demonstrates that learning apps can facilitate learning improvements in out‐of‐school children living in sub‐Saharan Africa.

To understand which app features are most important in supporting learning in these contexts, we need to establish which pedagogical features were shared by the winning apps.

What this paper adds

Effective learning of foundational skills can be achieved with a range of pedagogical features.

To maximise learning, apps should focus on combining elements of autonomous learning, motor skills, task structure, engagement, language demand and personalisation.

Free Play is not a key pedagogical feature to facilitate learning within this context.

Implications for practice and/or policy

When developing learning apps with primary‐aged, out‐of‐school children in low‐income contexts, app developers should try to incorporate the six key features associated with improving learning outcomes.

Governments, school leaders and parents should use these findings to inform their decisions when choosing an appropriate learning app for children.
COVID‐19 and splenectomy: Education matters
Authors: Crickx Etienne
Published: March 2023

Whether COVID‐19‐related morbidity and mortality are increased in splenectomized patients is unknown. The study by Bianchi et al. suggests increased hospitalizations and mortality rates in splenectomized patients, despite observing similar infection rates when compared to the general population.

Commentary on: Bianchi et al. Burden of COVID19 disease and vaccine coverages in Apulian splenectomized patients. A retrospective observational study. Br J Haematol 2023;201:1072–1080.
Legislative Twitter Style: Electoral Vulnerability, Social Media, and Constituency‐Building in Large Multimember Electoral Systems
Authors: Forero‐Mesa Wilson , Rodríguez‐Raga Juan Carlos
Published: March 2023

How do legislators use social media to cultivate their constituencies in large multimember electoral districts? Colombia's Senate nationwide district offers a suitable case to examine how lawmakers, through their behaviour on Twitter, geographically target their audiences. We employ microblog user geolocation methods which infer locations using textual content in order to identify where Colombian senators' Twitter ‘home’ is. We find that senators' location targeting on Twitter largely mirrors the geographical distribution of their votes. Deviations from that pattern mostly stem from their vulnerability to intraparty competition and the nature of their parties' organisation.
Impacts of anthropogenic climate change on tropical montane forests: an appraisal of the evidence
Authors: Mata‐Guel Erik O. , Soh Malcolm C. K. , Butler Connor W. , Morris Rebecca J. , Razgour Orly , Peh Kelvin S.‐H.
Published: March 2023

In spite of their small global area and restricted distributions, tropical montane forests (TMFs) are biodiversity hotspots and important ecosystem services providers, but are also highly vulnerable to climate change. To protect and preserve these ecosystems better, it is crucial to inform the design and implementation of conservation policies with the best available scientific evidence, and to identify knowledge gaps and future research needs. We conducted a systematic review and an appraisal of evidence quality to assess the impacts of climate change on TMFs. We identified several skews and shortcomings. Experimental study designs with controls and long‐term (≥10 years) data sets provide the most reliable evidence, but were rare and gave an incomplete understanding of climate change impacts on TMFs. Most studies were based on predictive modelling approaches, short‐term (<10 years) and cross‐sectional study designs. Although these methods provide moderate to circumstantial evidence, they can advance our understanding on climate change effects. Current evidence suggests that increasing temperatures and rising cloud levels have caused distributional shifts (mainly upslope) of montane biota, leading to alterations in biodiversity and ecological functions. Neotropical TMFs were the best studied, thus the knowledge derived there can serve as a proxy for climate change responses in under‐studied regions elsewhere. Most studies focused on vascular plants, birds, amphibians and insects, with other taxonomic groups poorly represented. Most ecological studies were conducted at species or community levels, with a marked paucity of genetic studies, limiting understanding of the adaptive capacity of TMF biota. We thus highlight the long‐term need to widen the methodological, thematic and geographical scope of studies on TMFs under climate change to address these uncertainties. In the short term, however, in‐depth research in well‐studied regions and advances in computer modelling approaches offer the most reliable sources of information for expeditious conservation action for these threatened forests.
Globalization, recruitments, and job mobility
Authors: Davidson Carl , Heyman Fredrik , Matusz Steven , Sjöholm Fredrik , Zhu Susan Chun
Published: March 2023

Previous research indicates that firms pay a premium to poach workers from exporting firms if experience working for an internationally engaged firm reduces trade costs. Because international experience is less valuable to non‐exporters, we would expect to see differences in recruitments between firms that are internationally engaged and those that serve only the domestic market. Moreover, increased openness might lead to higher job‐to‐job mobility if more globalization raises both the share of exporters and the number of workers with skills that make them attractive for other exporters. Using linked Swedish employer–employee data for the period 1997 to 2013, we find systematic differences between the way exporters and non‐exporters recruit workers: exporters have a relatively high share of recruitments from other exporters as hypothesized. We also find some suggestive evidence that increased openness correlates positively with upward mobility for occupations that play a major role in international commerce, such as professionals and managers.
Implant rehabilitation of the esthetic area: A five‐year retrospective study comparing conventional and fully guided surgery
Authors: Amorfini Leonardo , Pesce Paolo , Migliorati Marco , Drago Sara , Storelli Stefano , Romeo Eugenio , Menini Maria
Published: March 2023

Introduction

To compare the clinical outcomes of anterior single maxillary implants placed using conventional or guided implant surgery.

Methods

In this retrospective clinical study 44 patients rehabilitated with a single anterior implant in the maxillary arch were included. Twenty‐four implants were inserted applying a guided surgery approach (GS), and 20 applying a conventional freehand approach (CS). Outcome measures were: implant survival rate and complications; mean bone level (MBL) evaluated at surgery (T0), after 6 weeks (6 W), and after 1 year (1Y), 2 years (2Y), 3 years (3Y), 4 years (4Y), and 5 years (5Y); patients' satisfaction evaluated through a questionnaire filled out before surgery (BS) and at 1 week, 6 W, 2Y and 5Y; Pink esthetic score (PES) and white esthetic score (WES) evaluated at 1Y, 3Y and 5 Y. Significance of differences between groups were tested by Fisher's exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon's signed rank test.

Results

During the 5‐year follow‐up there were no drop‐outs and no implant failed. No significant differences between groups were found in MBL. A significant difference between groups was found in VAS scores regarding speech at 2 years, aesthetics at 6 weeks, confidence at 1 week and 6 weeks, satisfaction at T0 and at 1 W, pain/comfort at 1 W and at 6 W; all VAS scores resulted significantly improved compared to baseline. No significant differences in WES were found, while significant differences in PES scores between CS and GS groups were found at 3 and 5 years (p value = 0.023 and 0.004 respectively) with better outcomes for GS. A significant difference over time was found in PES between 5‐year and one‐year values.

Conclusions

Guided surgery and conventional surgery implants did not show any difference in MBL during the 5‐year observation period. Guided surgical procedure guarantee optimal esthetic outcome and seems able to guarantee better soft tissue result over time, even though more long‐term studies are necessary to confirm this data.
Exposure to media with alcohol‐related content across young adulthood: Associations with risky drinking and consequences among high‐risk 2‐ and 4‐year college students
Authors: Graupensperger Scott , Calhoun Brian H. , Fairlie Anne M. , Lee Christine M.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Exposure to media with alcohol‐related content is a known risk for alcohol use and related harms among young people. The present study used longitudinal self‐report data on exposure to media with alcohol‐related content to examine age trajectories across young adulthood and to estimate associations with heavy episodic drinking (HED) and negative consequences.

Method

Participants were 201 high‐risk young adults enrolled in 2‐ and 4‐year colleges (ages 18–25 at screening; 63.7% female). Repeated assessments occurred at four timepoints across a 12‐month period.

Results

Self‐reported exposure to both positively and negatively portrayed alcohol‐related media content decreased with age. Between‐persons, controlling for alcohol use frequency, exposure to positive alcohol‐related media content was positively associated with HED, and exposure to negative alcohol‐related media content was inversely associated with HED; no within‐person effects on HED were significant. For negative consequences, controlling for alcohol quantity, exposure to positive media content was associated with more negative consequences both between‐ and within‐persons. Unexpectedly, exposure to negatively portrayed media content was positively associated with negative consequences at the within‐person level.

Discussion and Conclusions

Trajectories in exposure to media with alcohol‐related content showed that relatively younger participants reported greater exposure, highlighting the need for policy and prevention efforts to protect this vulnerable demographic. Findings generally indicated that positive portrayals of alcohol use increase alcohol‐related risks. Moreover, increased exposure to negative portrayals in a given assessment was associated with more negative consequences—potentially by normalising or glorifying high‐risk drinking and consequences, though mechanistic/causal research is needed.
A systematic review of barriers and enablers that health professionals experience to the delivery of type 2 diabetes care for adults with severe mental illness
Authors: Dorey Tracey , Haddad Mark , McBain Hayley , Mulligan Kathleen , Zarska Aneta
Published: March 2023

Background

People with severe mental illness have a heightened risk for type 2 diabetes. They also experience poorer outcomes, including more diabetes complications, more emergency admissions, lower quality of life and excess mortality.

Aims

This systematic review aimed to identify health professionals' barriers to and enablers of delivering and organising type 2 diabetes care for people with severe mental illness.

Methods

Searches were conducted in Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, OVID Nursing, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, PsycExtra, Health Management Information Consortium and Ethos in March 2019, with updates in September 2019 and January 2023. There were no restrictions on study design, but studies were excluded if they did not include the perspective of health professionals or were not in English. Barriers and/or enablers of type 2 diabetes care for people with a severe mental illness were organised using the theoretical domains framework with additional inductive thematic coding.

Results

Twenty‐eight studies were included in the review. Overall, eight domains were identified as important with barriers and enablers identified at individual, interpersonal and organisational levels.

Conclusions

Focussing on providing a collaborative healthcare environment which actively supports type 2 diabetes care, fostering improved communication both between professionals and service users, ensuring clear boundaries around roles and responsibilities as well as individual skill and knowledge support alongside confidence building all offer opportunities to improve type 2 diabetes care.
Mental training in dentistry: A scoping review
Authors: Jofré Jorge , Michel Manuel , Quintana Paula , Fuentes Jeannette , Conrady Yuri , Valenzuela Daniela , Asenjo‐Lobos Claudia
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Clinical motor skills are essential to train dental students. There is evidence that imagery serves to acquire and improve motor skills, but there is scarce information on its application in dental education. In order to broadly map the available evidence and to detect knowledge gaps in the mental training used to develop motor skills in dentistry, a scoping review was conducted.

Materials and Methods

A structured search was conducted to identify relevant references from the Web of Science, Scopus and MEDLINE/PubMed databases for studies addressing mental training methods applied to develop motor skills in dentistry.

Results

A total of 758 articles were screened and four were selected, all of which were randomized clinical trials. Three studies investigated the effectiveness of visual imagery, and one investigated kinesthetic imagery. The research theme identified was motor skill acquisition.

Conclusion

The reviewed studies indicate the usefulness of mental training for skill acquisition in dentistry. To improve the generalizability of the results, further research with standardized mental training on motor skills in dentistry is needed.
Tuning the self: Revisiting health inequities through the lens of social interaction
Authors: Jønsson Alexandra Brandt Ryborg , Spalletta Olivia
Published: March 2023

In this article, we examine the subjective experiences of people who, according to their education level and income, belong to the lowest social classes—indicators that are commonly associated with poor health behaviors and poor health status. Drawing on 18 months of fieldwork among white, working‐class people in Denmark, we draw attention to the negative stereotypes connected to health inequities and how people attempt to navigate and mitigate perceived bias. We draw particular attention to the proposed concept of tuning, which we identify as acts intended to mitigate practitioner bias and secure higher esteem and adequate care by differentiating oneself from stereotypes. Ultimately, we aim to contribute to more nuanced conversations on health inequity and how it is conceptualized and acted upon by individuals through the concept of tuning.
Altered expression of S100 fused‐type proteins in an atopic dermatitis skin model
Authors: Makino Teruhiko , Mizawa Megumi , Takemoto Keita , Yamamoto Seiji , Shimizu Tadamichi
Published: March 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with elevated interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐13 signatures and extensive barrier dysfunction, which is correlated with the downregulation of filaggrin (FLG). FLG is a member of the S100 fused‐type protein family and this family also includes cornulin (CRNN), filaggrin‐2 (FLG2), hornerin (HRNR) repetin (RPTN), trichohyalin (TCHH) and trichohyalin‐like 1 (TCHHL1). The present study aimed to examine the effects of IL‐4 and IL‐13 and the downregulation of FLG on the expression of S100 fused‐type proteins using a three‐dimensional (3D) AD skin model by immunohistochemical study and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In the 3D AD skin model, which was generated by a stimulation of recombinant IL‐4 and IL‐13, the expression of FLG, FLG2, HRNR and TCHH was decreased, while that of RPTN was increased in comparison to the 3D control skin. In the FLG knockdown (KD) 3D skin model, which was generated using FLG siRNA, the expression of HRNR was increased. The expression of the other proteins did not differ to a statistically significant extent. The expression of fused‐S100 type protein family members may differ in AD skin. This suggests that these proteins play different roles in the pathogenesis of AD.
Interactive effects of resource quality and temperature drive differences in detritivory among native and invasive freshwater amphipods
Authors: Fincham William N. W. , Brown Lee E. , Roy Helen E. , Dunn Alison M.
Published: March 2023

Invasive non‐native species and climate change are two of the greatest pressures facing freshwater communities; however, how they interact to impact ecosystem function remains poorly understood despite the potential for impacts on key functional behaviours, such as detritivory, which could have wide‐reaching impacts.

We quantified the rates of detrital processing and survival of one U.K. native (Gammarus pulex) and two invasive non‐native (Dikerogammarus villosus and Dikerogammarus haemobaphes) freshwater amphipod species, across three temperatures (8°C, 14°C, and 20°C), and three leaf diets of varying resource quality (oak, sycamore, and alder) in laboratory microcosms. We also compared amphipod survival across the different temperature and diet treatments.

Rates of detrital processing varied between the native and invasive non‐native amphipod species, with native G. pulex having a faster processing rate than both invasive non‐native species at the lower temperatures. However, as the temperature treatments increased, between‐species differences decreased, while the effects of leaf diets became more apparent. Although the survival probability did not vary with amphipod species, amphipod survival was higher at lower temperatures and in treatments containing higher quality leaf diets.

We propose that the invasive non‐native Dikerogammarus species will affect native communities through lower rates of detrital processing; however, this impact may change under predicted climatic warming and be increasingly similar to native amphipod species.
Unlocking deep geothermal energy in the UK using borehole heat exchangers
Authors: Brown Christopher S. , Howell Louis
Published: March 2023

In the wake of COP 26, the international community is aiming to reduce carbon emissions by adopting alternative and renewable energy sources. Deep geothermal energy can help to achieve this as it represents a low carbon‐emitting energy resource that can provide a constant base load of energy. In the United Kingdom, the development of deep geothermal has been limited due to high geological uncertainty and risk. Past exploration has focused on hot sedimentary aquifers and hot dry‐rock granites, with limited success. To mitigate risk and extract heat with a lower reliance on geological properties, such as permeability, new development methods have been conceived using deep borehole heat exchangers, where fluid is circulated in a closed‐loop system. Feasibility studies have been undertaken through modelling of deep borehole heat exchangers with the hope that these novel technologies can be used to exploit geothermal energy.