bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of continuous electronic fetal monitoring on birth outcomes in low‐risk pregnancies
Authors: Heelan‐Fancher Lisa , Shi Ling , Zhang Yuqing , Cai Yurun , Nawai Ampicha , Leveille Suzanne
Published: February 2019

Background

Continuous electronic fetal monitoring (CEFM) is a standard of hospital care during the intrapartum period. We investigated its use on childbirth outcomes in low‐risk pregnancies, and examined whether outcomes differed by gestational age within a term pregnancy.

Methods

A retrospective secondary data analysis using birth registry data from two diverse northeastern US states from 1992 to 2014. Chi‐square test and the Fisher exact tests were used to examine associations between CEFM and childbirth outcomes. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate risk ratios of childbirth outcomes related to CEFM use, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

Use of CEFM was independently associated with a 10% (State 1) and 40% (State 2) increased risk for primary cesarean delivery and an increased risk for assisted vaginal births (14% and 24%, respectively) after adjustment for confounders. CEFM use was not associated with reduced risk for infant mortality (neonatal mortality, 0‐27 days, and post‐neonatal mortality, 28‐364 days) in term births (37‐41 weeks’ gestation). After stratifying term pregnancies into early term, full term, and late term, use of CEFM was associated with reduced risk for neonatal mortality in early‐term births (37 0/7 weeks’ to 38 6/7 weeks’ gestation) in State 2 (RR 0.44 [95% CI 0.21‐0.92]), but not in State 1. There was no association between CEFM use and infant mortality (neonatal and post‐neonatal) in full‐term or late‐term births.

Conclusions

The study results do not support universal use of CEFM in pregnancies that are low‐risk and at term.
Getting by in New York City: Bonding, Bridging and Linking Capital in Poverty–Impacted Neighborhoods
Authors: Lukasiewicz Karolina , Bahar Ozge Sensoy , Ali Samira , Gopalan Priya , Parker Gary , Hawkins Robert , McKay Mary , Walker Robert
Published: February 2019

A lack or low level of social capital is associated with negative outcomes for communities impacted by poverty. However, less is known about how different types of social capital operate on the ground in poverty–impacted urban neighborhoods. This article explores the ways in which bonding, bridging, and linking capital manifest among residents of two poverty–impacted neighborhoods in New York City. Findings of the study reveal that urban neighborhood characteristics, more than individual–level factors, compromise the ability to develop and utilize the leveraging role of bridging and linking capital. Lack of safety resulted in limited trust, and involvement in community life limit bonding capital. Opportunities for bridging are restricted by the socioeconomically homogenous and spatially segregated nature of the communities. Linking capital is undermined by the lack of resources in the neighborhoods. These structural barriers prevent communities from breaking the cycle of poverty and should be explicitly targeted when developing interventions focused on building social capital.
Rational design and in vitro characterization of novel dental implant and abutment surfaces for balancing clinical and biological needs
Authors: Milleret Vincent , Lienemann Philipp S. , Gasser Angelines , Bauer Sebastian , Ehrbar Martin , Wennerberg Ann
Published: February 2019

Background

Long‐term success and patient satisfaction of dental implant systems can only be achieved by fulfilling clinical as well as biological needs related to maintenance, aesthetics, soft tissue sealing, and osseointegration, among others. Surface properties largely contribute to the biological and clinical performance of implants and abutments.

Purpose

To decipher the clinical and biological needs in implant dentistry. To address identified needs, next‐generation dental implant and abutment surfaces are designed and characterized in vitro.

Materials and Methods

Novel implant and abutment surface designs were produced and characterized using surface chemical analysis, surface topography analysis, scanning electron microscopy, contact‐angle measurements, and cell‐culture experiments.

Results

The novel anodized implant surface was gradually anodized, increasing the surface roughness, surface enlargement, and oxide‐layer thickness from platform to apex. The surface was phosphorus enriched, nonporous, and nanostructured at the collar, and showed micropores elsewhere. The novel anodized abutment surface was smooth, nanostructured, nonporous, and yellow. Pristine surfaces with high density of hydroxyl‐groups were protected during storage using a removable cell‐friendly layer that allowed dry packaging.

Conclusions

A novel anodized implant system was developed with surface chemistry, topography, nanostructure, color, and surface energy designed to balance the clinical and biological needs at every tissue level.
Letter to the Editor: Bias in statistics or bias in equine veterinary medicine?
Authors: Ziegler A. L. , Fogle C. A. , Burke M. , Blikslager A. T.
Published: February 2019

See Correspondence by Freeman
Urapidil, but not dihydropyridine calcium channel inhibitors, preserves the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: an experimental study in pig arteries
Authors: Bopp Claire , Auger Cyril , Mebazaa Alexandre , Joshi Girish P. , Schini‐Kerth Valérie B. , Diemunsch Pierre
Published: February 2019

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a protective mechanism maintaining blood oxygenation by redirecting blood flow from poorly ventilated to well‐ventilated areas in the lung. Such a beneficial effect is blunted by antihypertensive treatment with dihydropyridine calcium channel inhibitors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of urapidil, an antihypertensive agent acting as an α1 adrenergic antagonist and a partial 5‐HT1A agonist, on HPV in porcine proximal and distal pulmonary artery rings, and to characterize underlying mechanisms. Rings from proximal and distal porcine pulmonary artery were suspended in organ chambers and aerated with a 95% O2 + 5% CO2 gas mixture. HPV was induced by changing the gas to a 95% N2 + 5% CO2 mixture following a low level of pre‐contraction with U46619. Hypoxia induced a contractile response in both proximal and distal pulmonary artery rings. This effect is observed in the presence of a functional endothelium and is inhibited by a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (ODQ), a NO scavenger (carboxy‐PTIO), and by catalase in proximal pulmonary artery rings. The endothelium‐dependent HPV is prevented by nicardipine and clevidipine but remained unaffected by urapidil in both proximal and distal pulmonary artery rings. These findings indicate that urapidil, in contrast to nicardipine and clevidipine, preserves the hypoxia‐triggered vasoconstriction in isolated pulmonary arteries. They further indicate the involvement of the NO‐guanylyl cyclase pathway and H2O2 in HPV. Further research is warranted to determine the potential clinical relevance of the preserved hypoxia‐induced pulmonary vasoconstriction by urapidil.
Fatigue in fibre metal laminates: The interplay between fatigue in metals and fatigue in composites
Authors: Alderiesten René
Published: February 2019

With the introduction of fibre metal laminates (FMLs) as a (fatigue) damage tolerant material concept in aeronautics, an interesting field emerged where fatigue damage interaction plays a dominant role. The hybrid concept effectively demands evaluating fatigue damage growth based on fracture phenomena typical for both metals and fibre‐reinforced composites that continuously interact with each other. This paper explains current understanding of the fatigue fracture phenomena in FMLs, and it demonstrates how this interaction limits the criticality of both the metallic and composite fracture phenomena. In addition, it explains how the laminated hybrid configuration can be further exploited scientifically to unravel the physics of the individual fatigue fracture phenomena.
Effects of three‐month streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in mice on blood platelet reactivity, COX‐1 expression and adhesion potential
Authors: Przygodzki Tomasz , Kassassir Hassan , Talar Marcin , Siewiera Karolina , Watala Cezary
Published: February 2019

Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This is partially attributed to an altered activation status of blood platelets in this disease. Previously, alterations have been shown in COX‐1 and protease activated receptor (PAR)‐3 receptor expression in platelets in two animal models of diabetes, there have not been studies which address expression of these proteins in mice with long‐term streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes. We have also addressed the effect of diabetes on platelet adhesion under flow conditions. With the use of flow cytometry, we have shown that certain markers of platelet basal activation, such as active form of αIIbβ3 and of CD40L were increased in STZ‐induced diabetic mice. Platelets from STZ‐induced diabetic mice were also more reactive when stimulated with PAR‐4 activating peptide as revealed by higher expression of active form of αIIbβ3, membrane‐bound on vWillebrand Factor and binding of exogenous fluorescein isothyanate‐labelled fibrinogen. Expression of COX‐1 and production of thromboxane A2 in platelets of STZ‐induced diabetic mice were higher than in control animals. We observed no effect of diabetes on ability of platelets to form stable adhesions with fibrinogen in flow conditions. We conclude that although certain similarities exist between patterns of activation of platelets in animal models of diabetes, the differences should also be taken into account.
Dependence of crystal structure on mechanical and thermophysical properties of magnetoplumbite‐type LnMgAl11O19 ceramics with substitution of Ln3+ Ions
Authors: Zhao Yajing , Min Xin , Fang Minghao , Wu Xiaowen , Liu Yan’gai , Huang Zhaohui
Published: February 2019

Lanthanum hexaaluminate is a promising candidate to establish yttria partially stabilized zirconia as a thermal barrier coating material for super alloy due to their remarkable stability and thermophysical performance. In order to understand the relationship between the structure and properties and gain new low thermal conducting materials, the LnMgAl11O19 (LnMA, Ln: La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) materials were synthesized firstly and further used to produce the LnMA ceramics. With the increasing relative atomic mass of the replaced Ln3+ ions from La to Gd, the lattice parameters and grain sizes of the LnMA platelets decrease, while the mechanical properties increase, and the thermal physic properties decrease. The GdMgAl11O19 ceramics obtain the lowest thermal conductivity with the value of 1.91‐1.78 W/m K in the range from room temperature to 800°C, which could be considered as a promising candidate for application in thermal barrier coating materials. These results could further provide reference for developing novel materials lower thermal conductivity.
Analysing the relationship between cognition and urine storage function
Authors: Koitabashi Rika , Uchida Yoko
Published: February 2019

Is the urine storage function associated with cognitive function? With ageing, overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) can develop. OAB is causally related to dementia. However, the relationship between cognitive function and urine storage function has not been analysed. The purpose of this study was to examine this relationship. It has been reported that dementia is associated with both OAB and functional incontinence, cognitive function declines in individuals taking an oral anticholinergic drug for OAB. Dementia is therefore closely associated with urine storage function. However, there are as yet no assessments of the relationship between cognitive function and urine storage function. This study is quantitative research. The subjects were 81 patients in a hospital or nursing home, who did not have urinary catheters or intravenous feeding, and did not receive therapeutic drugs for lower urinary tract symptoms. Consent was obtained by the explanation using the document. We evaluated cognitive function using Hasegawa's Revised Dementia Scale. We judged urine storage function from urine volume once and residual urine volume. We analysed the relationship by multiple logistic regression analysis. The analysis showed that the factor that most strongly influenced urine storage function was cognitive function; subjects with low cognitive function tended to have urine storage dysfunction. In hospitals and institutions, patients with decreased cognitive function may demonstrate early urine storage dysfunction. This must be considered when providing urinary care.
What are the Characteristics of Respondents using Different Devices in Mixed‐device Online Surveys? Evidence from Six UK Surveys
Authors: Maslovskaya Olga , Durrant Gabriele B. , Smith Peter W.F. , Hanson Tim , Villar Ana
Published: February 2019

There is a move towards online data collection across the world. Online survey response is complicated by respondents using different devices. So far, no research has been conducted in the UK to study characteristics of people using different devices in mixed‐device online surveys. This analysis uses all publicly available UK social surveys with an online component: Understanding Society Innovation Panel, Community Life Survey, European Social Survey, 1958 National Child Development Study and the Second Longitudinal Study of Young People in England. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions are used to explore significant correlates of device use in online surveys. The results of bivariate analysis suggest that age, gender, marital status, employment, religion, household size, children in household, household income, number of cars and frequency of internet use are significantly associated with device used across surveys. The associations with age, gender, employment status, household size and education are consistent with the findings from other countries. The knowledge about respondents' characteristics using different devices in online surveys in the UK will help to understand better the response process in online surveys and to target certain subgroups more effectively. It is also important for designs of online surveys, understanding of data quality and post‐survey adjustments.
Nrf2 promotes breast cancer cell migration via up‐regulation of G6PD/HIF‐1α/Notch1 axis
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Sheng , Zhang Zhong‐Guo , Du Guang‐Yuan , Sun Hong‐Liang , Liu Hui‐Yun , Zhou Zhen , Gou Xiao‐Meng , Wu Xi‐Hao , Yu Xiao‐Ying , Huang Ying‐Hui
Published: February 2019

Abnormal metabolism of tumour cells is closely related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer, during which the expression of NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is of great significance. Metastatic breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide; however, the molecular mechanism underlying breast cancer metastasis remains unknown. In this study, we found that the overexpression of Nrf2 promoted proliferation and migration of breast cancers cells. Inhibition of Nrf2 and overexpression of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) reduced the expression of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and transketolase of pentose phosphate pathway, and overexpression of Nrf2 and knockdown of Keap1 had opposite effects. Our results further showed that the overexpression of Nrf2 promoted the expression of G6PD and Hypoxia‐inducing factor 1α (HIF‐1α) in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Overexpression of Nrf2 up‐regulated the expression of Notch1 via G6PD/HIF‐1α pathway. Notch signalling pathway affected the proliferation of breast cancer by affecting its downstream gene HES‐1, and regulated the migration of breast cancer cells by affecting the expression of EMT pathway. The results suggest that Nrf2 is a potential molecular target for the treatment of breast cancer and targeting Notch1 signalling pathway may provide a promising strategy for the treatment of Nrf2‐driven breast cancer metastasis.
Ultraviolet radiation exposure among Belgrade high school students: analysis of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour
Authors: Skiljevic D. , Sreckovic L.
Published: February 2019

Background

The incidence of melanoma has been increasing worldwide. Extended UV exposure during childhood or adolescence significantly increases the probability of skin cancer in adulthood.

Objective

The objective of this study was to analyse knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding exposure to natural and artificial UV radiation among Belgrade high school students.

Methods

The study was conducted using a questionnaire among 549 students of 3rd and 4th grade (17 and 18 years of age) in four Belgrade high schools. The questionnaire had 32 questions: questions about gender, date and month of birth and parents’ education, nine questions regarding sunbed use, nine questions regarding behaviour in the sun during summer months, four questions regarding personal and family history and skin phototype and seven questions regarding attitude and general knowledge about effects of UV radiation. Assessment of frequency rate and relative numbers was used as methods of descriptive statistics.

Results

As many as 39% of participants had used a sunbed at least once, 38% plan on using it in the future. One quarter spends more than 3 hours in the sun on the beach during summer without any protection, and only one‐third of participants had not experienced sunburn during last summer. Only one‐half of students know what melanoma is, while 37% stated that they do not know.

Conclusion

General awareness of risk factors regarding sun exposure as well as general knowledge about melanoma is not on a high level among Belgrade high school students. Therefore, besides legislative measures, it is extremely important to conduct adequate education programmes in high schools.
Who, why, where: an overview of determinants of sunbed use in Europe
Authors: Suppa M. , Gandini S. , Bulliard J.L. , Daxhelet M. , Zamagni M. , Forsea A.M. , Longo M.I. , del Marmol V.
Published: February 2019

Although exposure to indoor tanning has been established as a clear risk factor for skin cancer, sunbeds are still commonly used in Europe. Understanding the determinants of sunbed use in Europe is key to plan educational interventions, behavioural strategies and legislative measures, which should be tailored to subgroups with different risk profiles. Evidences show that the typical sunbed users in Europe are young‐adult women, with intermediate skin type, a current employment and a medium/high socio‐economic status. Typical users display sun‐seeking behaviours and other risky behaviours such as smoking. Indoor tanning seems more common in northern than southern Europe. However, sunbed use remains common in fair‐skinned individuals and among adolescents/pre‐adolescents. Commonly reported reasons for sunbed use in Europe include aesthetic motives (i.e. looking attractive), the pursue of a prevacation tan, the influence of peers/parents engaging in the same habit, and the treatment of health conditions. The most commonly reported places to get an artificial tan in Europe are tanning studios and beauty salons. However, sunbeds are also available in sport venues, such as swimming pools and gyms, hotels and private houses. All these factors should be taken into account when planning educational, behavioural and legislative interventions to reduce the popularity of artificial tanning in Europe.
Autophagy‐related genes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) gill epithelial cells and their role in nutrient restriction
Authors: Balmori‐Cedeño Jaramar , Liu Juan‐Ting , Misk Ehab , Lillie Brandon N. , Lumsden John S.
Published: February 2019

Autophagy is primarily an adaptive response to provide nutrients and energy following exposure to stress and starvation but can also regulate muscle mass and impact infectious disease susceptibility. Expression of 10 autophagy‐related (Atg) genes in rainbow trout was monitored throughout the autophagosome formation cycle. The Atg gene sequences of rainbow trout were compared to other species to identify highly conserved regions and to generate primers. Phylogeny trees created with rainbow trout and 14 other species demonstrate that rainbow trout Atg gene sequences have greatest similarity to Atlantic salmon and other fish species. RTgill‐W1 cells were subjected to nutrient restriction and compared to cells in normal nutrient conditions using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to assess changes in Atg gene expression. Nutrient restriction had a direct impact on Atg gene expression, with atg4, atg9, atg12, lc3, gabarap and becn1 undergoing the greatest differential expression (p < 0.05), most dramatically on Day 3. This was corroborated by Western blot detection of LC3, which also showed a peak of autophagy activity at Day 3 post‐nutrient restriction. Atg gene expression revealed autophagy flux in RTgill‐W1, as well as, those genes that were most significantly altered by nutrient restriction.
The role of rpoS in the regulation of Vibrio alginolyticus virulence and the response to diverse stresses
Authors: Huang Lixing , Guo Lina , Xu Xiaojin , Qin Yingxue , Zhao Lingmin , Su Yongquan , Yan Qingpi
Published: February 2019

Vibrio alginolyticus is a leading aquatic pathogen, causing huge losses to aquaculture. rpoS has been proven to play a variety of important roles in stress response and virulence in several bacteria. In our previous study, upon treatment with Cu2+, Pb2+, Hg2+ and low pH, the expression levels of rpoS were downregulated as assessed by RNA‐seq, while impaired adhesion ability was observed, indicating that rpoS might play roles in the regulation of adhesion. In the present study, the RNAi technology was used to knockdown rpoS in V. alginolyticus. In comparison with wild‐type V. alginolyticus, RNAi‐treated bacteria showed significantly impaired abilities of adhesion, growth, haemolytic, biofilm production, movement and virulence. Meanwhile, alterations of temperature, salinity, pH and starvation starkly affected rpoS expression. The present data suggested that rpoS is a critical regulator of virulence in V. alginolyticus; in addition, rpoS regulates bacterial adhesion in response to temperature, pH and nutrient content changes. These are helpful to explore its pathogenic mechanism and provide reference for disease control.
Masticatory behaviour and chewing difficulties in young adults with temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Ferreira Claudia Lúcia Pimenta , Sforza Chiarella , Rusconi Francesca M. E. , Castelo Paula Midori , Bommarito Silvana
Published: February 2019

Background

Difficulties and limitations on masticatory function are among the main reasons why patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) seek care.

Objective

To evaluate the masticatory behaviour and perception of chewing difficulties in adults with mild TMD of recent onset, considering the presence of malocclusion.

Methods

Eighty‐one young adults were divided into groups according to the presence of TMD and malocclusion: Non‐TMD Normal Occlusion (n = 18), Non‐TMD Malocclusion (n = 22), TMD Normal Occlusion (n = 18) and TMD Malocclusion (n = 23). TMD was assessed using the TMD Research Diagnostic Criteria and volunteers also answered questionnaires regarding their perception about jaw functional limitation and difficulty to chew foods of different textures. Masticatory and swallowing behaviours were assessed using the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES) protocol. Chewing time and chewing frequency taken to ingest the test‐food were also obtained. Two‐way‐ANOVA was used to analyse the TMD, occlusion and TMD × occlusion interaction effects.

Results

Temporomandibular disorder effect was observed on vertical jaw mobility and jaw function limitation total scores, meaning that groups differed in the perception of opening limitation and mandibular limitation according to TMD status with a medium effect size. Also, more changes in chewing function (OMES‐chewing score) and higher chewing frequency was observed in the presence of TMD (P < 0.05). Occlusion effect was only observed on OMES‐swallowing score and no TMD × occlusion interaction effect was observed.

Conclusion

Changes in chewing behaviour, frequency and perception of mandibular limitation was observed in the presence of TMD, pointing out the importance of functional evaluation when planning and establishing a treatment plan.
Holobionts, Multispecies Ecologies, and the Biopolitics of Care: Emerging Landscapes of Praxis in a Medical Anthropology of the Anthropocene
Authors: Fuentes Agustin
Published: February 2019

Medical anthropology, given its diversity of practical and historical entanglements with (and outside of) numerous threads of anthropology, is a key site for productive theoretical and methodological confluences in the Anthropocene. Multispecies approaches, ethnographically, theoretically and methodologically, are developing as central locations for the hybridization and mingling of diverse and innovative research questions, particularly those engaging the processes, patterns, and constructs of health.
Interspecies Engagement in Medical Anthropology
Authors: Sharp Lesley A.
Published: February 2019

Human–animal interdependencies define longstanding concerns for anthropologists. Within this vast terrain, medical anthropologists claim rights to a significant portion, marked most notably, perhaps, by our sustained attention to nonhuman species as pathogens, vectors, and reservoirs of disease. Our discipline, nevertheless, has been slow to engage with contemporary theorizing about interspecies entanglements, a deficit this volume's collection seeks to rectify. As I argue below, this collection opens up new domains of study, analysis, and understanding, where an especially important intervention involves enfolding interspecies sensibilities within praxes of care.
Breastfeeding and risk of habitual snoring in children: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Ke , Guo Yan , Zhang Yue , Jiang Xiubo
Published: February 2019

Research regarding the effects of breastfeeding on habitual snoring in children has yielded conflicting results. Therefore, a meta‐analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on the risk of habitual snoring in children. Relevant studies published in English or Chinese were identified by a search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medical literature, and Wanfang databases up to October 2018. Random effects model was used to pool the findings, and results were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs. Eleven studies with 71,622 participants were included in the present meta‐analysis. The pooled OR of habitual snoring for more versus less breastfeeding (duration) was 0.74 (95% CI [0.62, 0.90]), and the result remained significant in cohort studies (OR, 0.74; 95%CI [0.66, 0.84]). We found no evidence of publication bias. This meta‐analysis of observational studies indicates that breastfeeding for a long time is associated with reduced risk of habitual snoring in children. The finding needs to be investigated in well‐designed prospective studies.
Bone Defects in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty and Management
Authors: Lei Peng‐fei , Hu Ru‐yin , Hu Yi‐he
Published: February 2019

This article reviews the recent updates in revision of total knee arthroplasty (RTKA). We reviewed the recent articles on RTKA in databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) involves the replacement of all three compartments of the knee in surgery of the knee joint to restore capacity and function. TKA is one of the most common and reliable surgical treatment options for the treatment of knee diseases. However, some patients require revision of TKA (RTKA) after primary TKA for various reasons, including mechanical wear, implant loosening or breakage, malalignment, infection, instability, periprosthetic fracture, and persistent stiffness. Unfortunately, the overall outcome of RTKA is not as satisfactory as for primary TKA due to the uncertainty regarding the actual success rate and the risk factors for failure. Cementation, modular metal augmentation, bone grafting, autologous bone grafting, allogenic bone grafting, impactation bone grafting, structural bone allografting, metaphyseal fixation, using porous titanium coated press fit metaphyseal sleeves and porous tantalum structural cones, and megaprostheses or customized prostheses are the currently available management options for RTKA. However, most of the management systems possess specific complications. Novel approaches should be developed to improve functional capacity, implant survival rates, and quality of life in a cost‐efficient manner.
A multicenter audit of the use of bronchoscopy during open and thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula
Authors: Ahmad Nargis S. , Dobby Nadine , Walker Eleanor , Sogbodjor L. Amaki , Kelgeri Nivedita , Pickard Amelia , Burrows Thomas D. R. , Nicholson Katy E. , Green Alice , Shepherd Liz , Thornley Helen , Wolfe Barry Juliet A. , Parker Beverley J. , Childs Sophie L. , King Rumiko G. , Mele Sara , Krishnan Prakash
Published: February 2019

Background

Esophageal atresia (EA) with tracheoesophageal fistula is usually repaired in the neonatal period. Preferential ventilation through the fistula can lead to gastric distension. Bronchoscopy has a role in defining the site and size of the fistula, and may be carried out by the surgeon or the anesthetist. The use of bronchoscopy varies across different institutions.

Methods

This is a multicenter case note review of infants with EA with tracheoesophageal fistula who underwent surgery between January 2010 and December 2015. This retrospective audit aims primarily to document the use of bronchoscopy during open and thoracoscopic repair at a selection of United Kingdom centers. Respiratory complications, that is relating to airway management, the respiratory system, and difficulty with ventilation, at induction and during surgery, are recorded. The range of techniques for anesthesia and analgesia in these centers is noted.

Results

Bronchoscopy was carried out in 52% of cases. The incidence of respiratory complications was 7% at induction and 21% during surgery. Thoracoscopic repair usually took longer. One center used high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation, on an elective basis during thoracoscopic repair, to facilitate surgical access and address concerns about hypoxemia and hypercarbia.

Conclusion

The use of bronchoscopy varies considerably between institutions. Infants undergoing tracheoesophageal fistula repair are at risk of perioperative respiratory morbidity. The advent of thoracoscopic repair has introduced further variation.
Presentation of pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism with skin lesions: Case reports and review
Authors: Schneller‐Pavelescu Luca , Vergara de Caso Eduardo , Pastor‐Tomás Natalia , Gutiérrez Agulló María , Ruiz Pérez Lorea , Betlloch Mas Isabel
Published: February 2019

We report three cases of patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism or pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. These diseases are considered GNAS inactivating mutation syndromes that are characterized by a diversity of alterations among which a particular phenotype and specific endocrine or ossification abnormalities may be found. These patients may present with hard cutaneous nodules, which can represent osteoma cutis. The presence of these lesions in pediatric patients should prompt the dermatologist's consideration of this group of diseases when reaching a diagnosis. A multidisciplinary team of pediatricians, endocrinologists, geneticists, and dermatologists should carefully evaluate these patients.
Pine tar callus: A mimicker of a melanocytic lesion
Authors: Donaldson Marie , Chamlin Sarah L. , Vivar Karina L.
Published: February 2019

We report a case of acral pigmented lesions due to pine tar, a common compound used on baseball bats to improve grip, deposition. The patient presented with an acute concern for a new melanocytic lesion, and dermoscopy revealed large brown globules, not typical of melanocytic neoplasms. We propose that the coupling of dermoscopy and a thorough clinical history of exogenous exposures in similar clinical presentations can provide reassurance in evaluating atypical appearing pigmented lesions.
ATP7A mutations in 66 Japanese patients with Menkes disease and carrier detection: A gene analysis
Authors: Fujisawa Chie , Kodama Hiroko , Hiroki Tomoko , Akasaka Yoshikiyo , Hamanoue Makoto
Published: February 2019

Background

Menkes disease (MNK; MIN 309400) is an X‐linked recessive lethal disorder of copper metabolism caused by mutations in ATP7A (MIM 300011), which encodes a transmembrane copper‐transporting P‐type ATPase. This study assessed mutations in ATP7A in Japanese patients with MNK and their families using gene analysis.

Methods

A total of 66 patients with MNK born between 1975 and 2013 in Japan were investigated in this study. Definite diagnosis of MNK was carried out on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and direct sequencing of each exon. Genetic analysis was also performed on 39 women for carrier diagnosis, and on nine fetuses and 10 neonates for the diagnosis of MNK.

Results

We detected 55 different mutations, of which 20 were de novo mutations. The mutations were located around the six copper binding sites, first to third and six transmembrane domains, and the ATP binding site. Of 30 mothers, 23 (76.7%) were carriers. Approximately half of the male siblings of patients with MNK were also diagnosed with MNK.

Conclusion

Mutations in ATP7A varied widely across patients, although approximately half of the mutations were located in exons 4, 9, 10, and 15. Approximately 23% of patients did not inherit the mutations from their mothers, but had de novo mutations. An early definite diagnosis is necessary for the early treatment of MNK, and gene analysis serves as an effective method for detecting mutations in ATP7A.
Visual scales are superior to questionnaires in skin phototype self‐assessment by children
Authors: Bieliauskiene Giedre , Philipsen Peter A. , Ørsted‐Jordy Laura , Køster Brian , Wulf Hans Christian
Published: February 2019

Background/Purpose

There are no suitable methods for skin phototype self‐assessment by children. Our study investigated several skin phototype self‐assessment methods in children to identify the best correlation to objectively measure skin phototype.

Methods

Danish schoolchildren (ages 6‐19) participated in a nation‐wide study that assessed skin, eye, hair colour and sun behaviour. Skin phototype self‐assessment was performed by children using two visual colour scales (cartoon faces and colour cards), question‐based colour scale and questions about tendency to burn and ability to tan. For objective skin phototype measurements, 483 children from all age groups were selected and their pigment protection factor (PPF) was measured at three skin sites using a skin reflectance spectrophotometer.

Results

Cartoon faces (r2 = 0.654) and colour cards (r2 = 0.659) were better at predicting PPF on the inner forearm than the question‐based colour method (r2 = 0.520). PPF prediction from questions on skin reaction to sun exposure was markedly inferior (r2 ≤ 0.142) to both visual colour scales and question‐based colour method.

Conclusion

Both visual colour scales proved to be superior to question‐based skin phototype self‐assessment in schoolchildren. In contrast, questions on skin reaction to sun exposure were shown to be an unsuitable tool for self‐assessment of skin phototype in children.
PPR proteins – orchestrators of organelle RNA metabolism
Authors: Rovira Aleix Gorchs , Smith Alison G.
Published: February 2019

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are important RNA regulators in chloroplasts and mitochondria, aiding in RNA editing, maturation, stabilisation or intron splicing, and in transcription and translation of organellar genes. In this review, we summarise all PPR proteins documented so far in plants and the green alga Chlamydomonas. By further analysis of the known target RNAs from Arabidopsis thaliana PPR proteins, we find that all organellar‐encoded complexes are regulated by these proteins, although to differing extents. In particular, the orthologous complexes of NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) in the mitochondria and NADH dehydrogenase‐like (NDH) complex in the chloroplast were the most regulated, with respectively 60 and 28% of all characterised A. thaliana PPR proteins targeting their genes.
What influences self‐perceived competence and confidence in dementia care home staff? A systematic review
Authors: Rivett Emma , Hammond Laura , West Juniper
Published: February 2019

Background

Dementia care staff working in long‐term care settings are often exposed to a variety of complex situations that can be emotionally challenging, and a lack of adequate support and limited training opportunities may contribute to high levels of staff turnover in this area. Good‐quality training may be beneficial for improving the quality of care provided, and in improving staff confidence and morale. This systematic review aimed to establish how dementia care home staff perceived their own competence and confidence in relation to the care they deliver, whether there are any specific interventions that improve these feelings, and whether feeling more competent and confident impacts on care delivery.

Method

A search of the literature focusing on staff perceptions of competence and confidence identified 14 873 studies. Following the removal of duplicates and papers that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 19 studies were included in the review and subject to quality assessment.

Results

Studies varied in terms of quality and design, and were categorised as either intervention or non‐intervention studies. Four studies found a significant increase in feelings of competence and confidence following intervention, although many studies did not statistically analyze their data. The most successful interventions seemed to be those that involved practical support alongside education, and non‐intervention studies highlighted the importance of specific dementia and palliative care training with regard to feelings of competence and confidence.

Conclusion

Teaching alone may not be an adequate method of training dementia care staff, and the most successful interventions were those where practical support was also provided. Most studies suggested that improvements in competence and confidence also had benefits for care delivery and staff wellbeing. More research needs to be done using validated outcome measures and with competence and confidence as the primary aim.
Clinical characteristics of elderly depressive patients with low metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake
Authors: Takenoshita Shintaro , Terada Seishi , Oshima Etsuko , Yamaguchi Megumi , Hayashi Satoshi , Hinotsu Kenji , Esumi Satoru , Shinya Takayoshi , Yamada Norihito
Published: February 2019

Background

Recently, depression with Lewy body pathology before the appearance of parkinsonism and cognitive dysfunction has been drawing attention. Low cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake is helpful for early differentiation of Lewy body disease (LBD) from late‐onset psychiatric disorders even before parkinsonism or dementia appears. In this study, we used MIBG uptake as a tool in suspected LBD, and evaluated the relationship of MIBG results to clinical characteristics and depressive symptoms.

Methods

Fifty‐two elderly inpatients with depression were included in this study. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was administered at admission, and 123I‐MIBG cardiac scintigraphy was performed. Of 52 patients, 38 had normal and 14 had reduced MIBG uptake.

Results

Correlation analyses of the late phase heart‐to‐mediastinum (H/M) ratio on the MIBG test and each item of the HDRS revealed that the H/M ratio was significantly correlated with scores of ‘agitation’, ‘anxiety‐somatic’, and ‘retardation’ on the HDRS. Mean HDRS composite scores of ‘somatic and psychic anxiety (Marcos)’ and ‘somatic anxiety/somatization factor (Pancheri)’ were higher in the low uptake group than in the normal uptake group.

Conclusion

Elderly patients with depression who manifested an obvious somatic anxiety tend to show low MIBG uptake, and are more likely to have Lewy body pathology.
Are mule pregnancies really longer than equine pregnancies? Comparison between mule and equine pregnancies
Authors: Boakari Yatta Linhares , Alonso Maria Augusta , Riccio Amanda Vallone , Fernandes Claudia Barbosa
Published: February 2019

Contents

In equine management, it is important to predict the approximate foaling date of mares to monitor parturition and allow early identification and intervention of problems during the perinatal period. There are no studies comparing accurate gestational length (GL) when mares are carrying mule foals and no controlled comparisons between GL of mares pregnant with equine or mule foals. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare GL of mares pregnant with equine or mule foals and establish normal reference values for GL of mares pregnant with male and female mules. Gestational length of Mangalarga Paulista breed mares pregnant with equine (n = 54) or with mule (n = 54) foals during the breeding seasons of 2007 to 2016 was evaluated. The mean GL was 347.2 ± 1.4 days (range of 326–368 days) and 341.1 ± 1.6 days (range of 307–360 days) for equine and mule pregnancies, respectively. The normal GL reference for mule pregnancies was 316.9–365.3 days. Therefore, GL of equine pregnancies was longer than of mule pregnancies. Gestational length was not different when pregnancies resulted in females or males within each group. This study established an important reference value for normal GL of mule pregnancies, which can be used by practitioners to estimate and predict foaling dates more accurately.
Personal and parents’ life stories in patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Lind Majse , Thomsen Dorthe Kirkegaard , Bøye Rikke , Heinskou Torben , Simonsen Sebastian , Jørgensen Carsten René
Published: February 2019

Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) display disturbances in understanding self and others. We examined whether these disturbances extended to how patients described their personal and parents’ life stories and to measures of identity, alexithymia, empathy, and emotional intelligence. Thirty BPD patients and 30 matched control participants described personal and parents’ life stories and completed measures of identity disturbance, alexithymia, empathy, and emotional intelligence. Compared to the controls, patients with BPD described their personal and their parents’ life stories more negatively and with fewer themes of agency and communion fulfillment. Patients and controls showed equally complex reasoning about their personal life stories, but patients displayed less complexity and more self‐other confusion, when reasoning about their parents’ stories. Patients also differed from controls on identity disturbance, alexithymia, and empathy. The results suggest that patients’ storied understanding of themselves and others are disturbed and should be taken into account to better understand BPD.
Time‐change models for asymmetric processes
Authors: Ailliot Pierre , Delyon Bernard , Monbet Valérie , Prevosto Marc
Published: February 2019

Many records in environmental sciences exhibit asymmetric trajectories. The physical mechanisms behind these records may lead for example to sample paths with different characteristics at high and low levels (up–down asymmetries) or in the ascending and descending phases leading to time irreversibility (front–back asymmetries). Such features are important for many applications, and there is a need for simple and tractable models that can reproduce them. In this paper, we explore original time‐change models where the clock is a stochastic process that depends on the observed trajectory. The ergodicity of the proposed model is established under general conditions, and this result is used to develop nonparametric estimation procedures based on the joint distribution of the process and its derivative. The methodology is illustrated on meteorological and oceanographic data sets. We show that, combined with a marginal transformation, the proposed methodology is able to reproduce important characteristics of the data set such as marginal distributions, up‐crossing intensity, and up–down and front–back asymmetries.
Detection of clusters in traffic networks based on spatio‐temporal flow modeling
Authors: Shi Yan , Deng Min , Gong Jianya , Lu Chang‐Tien , Yang Xuexi , Liu Huimin
Published: February 2019

Spatio‐temporal clustering is a highly active research topic and a challenging issue in spatio‐temporal data mining. Many spatio‐temporal clustering methods have been designed for geo‐referenced time series. Under some special circumstances, such as monitoring traffic flow on roads, existing methods cannot handle the temporally dynamic and spatially heterogeneous correlations among road segments when detecting clusters. Therefore, this article develops a spatio‐temporal flow‐based approach to detect clusters in traffic networks. First, a spatio‐temporal flow process is modeled by combining network topology relations with real‐time traffic status. On this basis, spatio‐temporal neighborhoods are captured by considering traffic time‐series similarity in spatio‐temporal flows. Spatio‐temporal clusters are further formed by successive connection of spatio‐temporal neighbors. Experiments on traffic time series of central London's road network on both weekdays and weekends are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method.
MDA1, a nucleus‐encoded factor involved in the stabilization and processing of the atpA transcript in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas
Authors: Viola Stefania , Cavaiuolo Marina , Drapier Dominique , Eberhard Stephan , Vallon Olivier , Wollman Francis‐André , Choquet Yves
Published: February 2019

In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, chloroplast gene expression is tightly regulated post‐transcriptionally by gene‐specific trans‐acting protein factors. Here, we report the molecular identification of an OctotricoPeptide Repeat (OPR) protein, MDA1, which governs the maturation and accumulation of the atpA transcript, encoding subunit α of the chloroplast ATP synthase. As does TDA1, another OPR protein required for the translation of the atpA mRNA, MDA1 targets the atpA 5’‐untranslated region (UTR). Unexpectedly, it binds within a region of approximately 100 nt in the middle of the atpA 5’‐UTR, at variance with the stabilization factors characterized so far, which bind to the 5’‐end of their target mRNA to protect it from 5’ → 3’ exonucleases. It binds the same region as TDA1, with which it forms a high‐molecular‐weight complex that also comprises the atpA mRNA. This complex dissociates upon translation, promoting degradation of the atpA mRNA. We suggest that atpA transcripts, once translated, enter the degradation pathway because they cannot reassemble with MDA1 and TDA1, which preferentially bind to de novo transcribed mRNAs.