bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermally stable radio frequency power and noise behaviors of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor without voltage-blocking buffer layer design
Authors: Huang Chong-Rong , Chiu Hsien-Chin , Kao Hsuan-Ling , Wang Hsiang-Chun , Lin Shinn-Yn , Chen Chih-Tien , Chang Kuo-Jen
Published: May 2024

The radio frequency (RF) power and noise temperature dependency of buffer-free layer AlGaN/GaN on the 6 in. SiC substrate high electron mobility transistor were studied. The buffer-free structure has improved 3% characteristics of the current collapse and pulse measurement at a 30 V drain quiescent voltage. Compared with the conventional thick buffer layer (1.5–2 μm) structure design, the buffer-free layer with high structural quality AlN nucleation layers can reduce self-heating and thermal boundary resistance effect when the devices operate at a high DC power. The buffer-free device exhibits lower surface temperatures and higher powers at the same VGS and VDS than the standard device in thermal imaging measurements. In addition, traditional iron- or carbon-doped buffers were avoided in this design; thus, the buffer-induced microwave noise and thermal noise can be improved simultaneously. Without Fe- or C-doped buffer-induced trap behavior, the buffer-free structure improves the device DC characteristics and reduces the current collapse effect from the conventional buffer; thus, the device shows better linearity, noise figure, and RF small-signal characteristics.
Chromosomal inversions from an initial ecotypic divergence drive a gradual repeated radiation of Galápagos beetles
Authors: Vangestel Carl , Swaegers Janne , De Corte Zoë , Dekoninck Wouter , Gharbi Karim , Gillespie Rosemary , Vandekerckhove Matthias , Van Belleghem Steven M. , Hendrickx Frederik
Published: May 2024

Island faunas exhibit some of the most iconic examples where similar forms repeatedly evolve within different islands. Yet, whether these deterministic evolutionary trajectories within islands are driven by an initial, singular divergence and the subsequent exchange of individuals and adaptive genetic variation between islands remains unclear. Here, we study a gradual, repeated evolution of low-dispersive highland ecotypes from a dispersive lowland ecotype of
Calosoma
beetles along the island progression of the Galápagos. We show that repeated highland adaptation involved selection on multiple shared alleles within extensive chromosomal inversions that originated from an initial adaptation event on the oldest island. These highland inversions first spread through dispersal of highland individuals. Subsequent admixture with the lowland ecotype resulted in polymorphic dispersive populations from which the highland populations evolved on the youngest islands. Our findings emphasize the significance of an ancient divergence in driving repeated evolution and highlight how a mixed contribution of inter-island colonization and within-island evolution can shape parallel species communities.
Spatial evolution of the proton-coupled Mott transition in correlated oxides for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Deng Xing , Liu Yu-Xiang , Yang Zhen-Zhong , Zhao Yi-Feng , Xu Ya-Ting , Fu Meng-Yao , Shen Yu , Qu Ke , Guan Zhao , Tong Wen-Yi , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Chen Bin-Bin , Zhong Ni , Xiang Ping-Hua , Duan Chun-Gang
Published: May 2024

The proton-electron coupling effect induces rich spectrums of electronic states in correlated oxides, opening tempting opportunities for exploring novel devices with multifunctions. Here, via modest Pt-aided hydrogen spillover at room temperature, amounts of protons are introduced into SmNiO
3
-based devices. In situ structural characterizations together with first-principles calculation reveal that the local Mott transition is reversibly driven by migration and redistribution of the predoped protons. The accompanying giant resistance change results in excellent memristive behaviors under ultralow electric fields. Hierarchical tree-like memory states, an instinct displayed in bio-synapses, are further realized in the devices by spatially varying the proton concentration with electric pulses, showing great promise in artificial neural networks for solving intricate problems. Our research demonstrates the direct and effective control of proton evolution using extremely low electric field, offering an alternative pathway for modifying the functionalities of correlated oxides and constructing low–power consumption intelligent devices and neural network circuits.
Oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere induced metabolic and ecologic transformations recorded in the Lomagundi-Jatuli carbon isotopic excursion
Authors: Sumner Dawn Y.
Published: May 2024

The oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere represents the quintessential transformation of a planetary surface by microbial processes. In turn, atmospheric oxygenation transformed metabolic evolution; molecular clock models indicate the diversification and ecological expansion of respiratory metabolisms in the several hundred million years following atmospheric oxygenation. Across this same interval, the geological record preserves
13
C enrichment in some carbonate rocks, called the Lomagundi-Jatuli excursion (LJE). By combining data from geologic and genomic records, a self-consistent metabolic evolution model emerges for the LJE. First, fermentation and methanogenesis were major processes remineralizing organic carbon before atmospheric oxygenation. Once an ozone layer formed, shallow water and exposed environments were shielded from UVB/C radiation, allowing the expansion of cyanobacterial primary productivity. High primary productivity and methanogenesis led to preferential removal of
12
C into organic carbon and CH
4
. Extreme and variable
13
C enrichments in carbonates were caused by
13
C-depleted CH
4
loss to the atmosphere. Through time, aerobic respiration diversified and became ecologically widespread, as did other new metabolisms. Respiration displaced fermentation and methanogenesis as the dominant organic matter remineralization processes. As CH
4
loss slowed, dissolved inorganic carbon in shallow environments was no longer highly
13
C enriched. Thus, the loss of extreme
13
C enrichments in carbonates marks the establishment of a new microbial mat ecosystem structure, one dominated by respiratory processes distributed along steep redox gradients. These gradients allowed the exchange of metabolic by-products among metabolically diverse organisms, providing novel metabolic opportunities. Thus, the microbially induced oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere led to the transformation of microbial ecosystems, an archetypal example of planetary microbiology.

IMPORTANCE

The oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere represents the most extensive known chemical transformation of a planetary surface by microbial processes. In turn, atmospheric oxygenation transformed metabolic evolution by providing oxidants independent of the sites of photosynthesis. Thus, the evolutionary changes during this interval and their effects on planetary-scale biogeochemical cycles are fundamental to our understanding of the interdependencies among genomes, organisms, ecosystems, elemental cycles, and Earth’s surface chemistry through time.
Asking a question
Authors: Kolter Roberto
Published: May 2024

While scientific research should be carried out objectively, the choices of questions asked and approaches taken are deeply personal and subjective. I urge individuals to pursue questions they love and to periodically scrutinize the reasons (the philosophies) that drive that love. As a case study, I scrutinize the “whys” behind some of the scientific questions I pursued during my career.
Involvement of ArlI, ArlJ, and CirA in archaeal type IV pilin-mediated motility regulation
Authors: Chatterjee Priyanka , Garcia Marco A. , Cote Jacob A. , Yun Kun , Legerme Georgio P. , Habib Rumi , Tripepi Manuela , Young Criston , Kulp Daniel , Dyall-Smith Mike , Pohlschroder Mecky
Published: May 2024

Many prokaryotes use swimming motility to move toward favorable conditions and escape adverse surroundings. Regulatory mechanisms governing bacterial flagella-driven motility are well-established; however, little is yet known about the regulation underlying swimming motility propelled by the archaeal cell surface structure, the archaella. Previous research showed that the deletion of the adhesion pilins (PilA1-6), subunits of the type IV pili cell surface structure, renders the model archaeon
Haloferax volcanii
non-motile. In this study, we used ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis and a motility assay to identify motile suppressors of the ∆
pilA
[
1-6
] strain. Of the eight suppressors identified, six contain missense mutations in archaella biosynthesis genes,
arlI
and
arlJ. In trans
expression of
arlI
and
arlJ
mutant constructs in the respective multi-deletion strains ∆
pilA
[
1-6
]∆
arlI
and ∆
pilA
[
1-6
]∆
arlJ
confirmed their role in suppressing the ∆
pilA
[
1-6
] motility defect. Additionally, three suppressors harbor co-occurring disruptive missense and nonsense mutations in
cirA
, a gene encoding a proposed regulatory protein. A deletion of
cirA
resulted in hypermotility, while
cirA
expression
in trans
in wild-type cells led to decreased motility. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that in wild-type cells, higher expression levels of
arlI
,
arlJ
, and the archaellin gene
arlA1
were observed in motile early-log phase rod-shaped cells compared to non-motile mid-log phase disk-shaped cells. Conversely, ∆
cirA
cells, which form rods during both early- and mid-log phases, exhibited similar expression levels of
arl
genes in both growth phases. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms governing archaeal motility, highlighting the involvement of ArlI, ArlJ, and CirA in pilin-mediated motility regulation.

IMPORTANCE

Archaea are close relatives of eukaryotes and play crucial ecological roles. Certain behaviors, such as swimming motility, are thought to be important for archaeal environmental adaptation. Archaella, the archaeal motility appendages, are evolutionarily distinct from bacterial flagella, and the regulatory mechanisms driving archaeal motility are largely unknown. Previous research has linked the loss of type IV pili subunits to archaeal motility suppression. This study reveals three
Haloferax volcanii
proteins involved in pilin-mediated motility regulation, offering a deeper understanding of motility regulation in this understudied domain while also paving the way for uncovering novel mechanisms that govern archaeal motility. Understanding archaeal cellular processes will help elucidate the ecological roles of archaea as well as the evolution of these processes across domains.
Metagenome-assembled genomes from microbiomes fermenting dairy coproducts
Authors: Walters Kevin A. , Myers Kevin S. , Donohue Timothy J. , Noguera Daniel R.
Published: May 2024

To advance knowledge of microbial communities capable of fermenting agro-industrial residues into value-added products, we report metagenomes of microbial communities from six anaerobic bioreactors that were fed a mixture of ultra-filtered milk permeate and cottage cheese acid whey. These metagenomes produced 122 metagenome-assembled genomes that represent 34 distinct taxa.
Integrative analyses on the ciliates
Colpoda
illuminate the life history evolution of soil microorganisms
Authors: Li Haichao , Wu Kun , Feng Yuan , Gao Chao , Wang Yaohai , Zhang Yuanyuan , Pan Jiao , Shen Xiaopeng , Zufall Rebecca A. , Zhang Yu , Zhang Weipeng , Sun Jin , Ye Zhiqiang , Li Weiyi , Lynch Michael , Long Hongan
Published: May 2024

Microorganisms play a central role in sustaining soil ecosystems and agriculture, and these functions are usually associated with their complex life history. Yet, the regulation and evolution of life history have remained enigmatic and poorly understood, especially in protozoa, the third most abundant group of organisms in the soil. Here, we explore the life history of a cosmopolitan species—
Colpoda steinii
. Our analysis has yielded a high-quality macronuclear genome for
C. steinii
, with size of 155 Mbp and 37,123 protein-coding genes, as well as mean intron length of ~93 bp, longer than most other studied ciliates. Notably, we identify two possible whole-genome duplication events in
C. steinii
, which may account for its genome being about twice the size of
C. inflata’s
, another co-existing species. We further resolve the gene expression profiles in diverse life stages of
C. steinii
, which are also corroborated in
C. inflata
. During the resting cyst stage, genes associated with cell death and vacuole formation are upregulated, and translation-related genes are downregulated. While the translation-related genes are upregulated during the excystment of resting cysts. Reproductive cysts exhibit a significant reduction in cell adhesion. We also demonstrate that most genes expressed in specific life stages are under strong purifying selection. This study offers a deeper understanding of the life history evolution that underpins the extraordinary success and ecological functions of microorganisms in soil ecosystems.

IMPORTANCE

Colpoda
species, as a prominent group among the most widely distributed and abundant soil microorganisms, play a crucial role in sustaining soil ecosystems and promoting plant growth. This investigation reveals their exceptional macronuclear genomic features, including significantly large genome size, long introns, and numerous gene duplications. The gene expression profiles and the specific biological functions associated with the transitions between various life stages are also elucidated. The vast majority of genes linked to life stage transitions are subject to strong purifying selection, as inferred from multiple natural strains newly isolated and deeply sequenced. This substantiates the enduring and conservative nature of
Colpoda
’s life history, which has persisted throughout the extensive evolutionary history of these highly successful protozoa in soil. These findings shed light on the evolutionary dynamics of microbial eukaryotes in the ever-fluctuating soil environments. This integrative research represents a significant advancement in understanding the life histories of these understudied single-celled eukaryotes.
Deformation of the Gruithuisen region lava tube under compressional stress on the Moon
Authors: Kimi K.B. , Harish  , Sharini K.S. , Chavan Anil , Vijayan S.
Published: May 2024

The lava tube in the Gruithuisen region on the Moon is intriguing because it is characterized by a distinctive chain of collapsed pits and raised features, providing an opportunity to understand the potential morphologic deformation of lunar lava tubes under compressional stress. This study aimed to understand the morphological deformation in the Gruithuisen region’s lava tube when subjected to compressional stress. A combination of numerical simulations and morphometric analysis was employed to achieve this objective. The morphometric analysis of different collapsed and raised features associated with a lava tube in the study area revealed eight characteristic morphologies ranging from curvilinear channel-like to elliptical shape. Notably, average normal stress and strain values derived from a wrinkle ridge were found to be ∼70 MPa and 2 × 10−3, respectively, and wrinkle ridges exhibited a northward orientation. These quantified parameters were utilized as the foundation for initializing three-dimensional models. Furthermore, the outcomes of the models closely replicated the deformation in the Gruithuisen region, emphasizing the significant role of compressional stress in the deformation of the lava tube. These models suggest that the observed eight unique features associated with the lava tube arise from disparities in displacement magnitude and direction along three axes (x, y, z). Our research sheds light on the structural transformations of lava tubes when subjected to varying compressional stress and enhances understanding of the ways in which the interplay between compressional tectonic activity and lava tube features has shaped the Moon’s surface.
Left atrial appendage closure for patients with atrial fibrillation at high intracranial haemorrhagic risk
Authors: Abramovitz Fouks Avia , Yaghi Shadi , Gokcal Elif , Das Alvin S , Rotschild Ofer , Silverman Scott B , Singhal Aneesh B , Romero Jorge , Kapur Sunil , Greenberg Steven M , Gurol Mahmut Edip
Published: May 2024

Background and objectives

Although left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is performed in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) at increased risk of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), outcome data are scarce. We assessed the detailed neurological indications for LAAC and outcomes after LAAC in high ICH risk patients.

Methods

Study population included consecutive patients with NVAF who underwent LAAC in a single hospital network between January 2015 and October 2021 because of prior ICH or the presence of high ICH risk imaging markers on brain MRI (cerebral microbleeds (CMBs)). Primary safety and efficacy outcome measures were the occurrence of ICH and thromboembolic events, respectively, after LAAC.

Results

Among 146 patients with NVAF who underwent LAAC for high ICH risk, 122 had a history of ICH, while 24 presented with high ICH risk imaging markers only. Mean age was 75.7±7.61, 42 (28.8%) were women. Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 5.23±1.52. Of 122 patients with ICH history, 58 (47.5%) had intraparenchymal haemorrhage (IPH), 40 (32.8%) had traumatic ICH (T-ICH) and 18 (14.7%) had non-traumatic subdural haemorrhage. Of 85 patients with brain MRIs including necessary sequences, 43 (50.6%) were related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy and 37 (43.5%) to hypertensive microangiopathy. While 70% of patients were discharged on oral anticoagulants (OAC), 92% were not taking OAC at 1 year. Over 2.12 years mean follow-up, one patient had recurrent non-traumatic IPH (incidence rate (IR) 0.32 per 100 patient-years), five had T-ICH (IR 1.61 per 100 patient-years) and six had an ischaemic stroke (IR 1.94 per 100 patient-years).

Conclusions

Among patients with NVAF at high ICH risk, LAAC demonstrated a low risk of recurrent ICH or ischaemic stroke compared with previously published data. LAAC in high ICH risk populations should be considered in clinical practice per FDA approval and recent guidelines.
Water Cherenkov muon veto for the COSINUS experiment: design and simulation optimization
Authors: Angloher G. , Bharadwaj M. R. , Cababie M. , Dafinei I. , Di Marco N. , Einfalt L. , Ferroni F. , Fichtinger S. , Filipponi A. , Friedl M. , Fuss A. , Ge Z. , Heikinheimo M. , Hughes M. N. , Huitu K. , Kellermann M. , Maji R. , Mancuso M. , Pagnanini L. , Petricca F. , Pirro S. , Pröbst F. , Profeta G. , Puiu A. , Reindl F. , Schäeffner K. , Schieck J. , Schmiedmayer D. , Schreiner P. , Schwertner C. , Shera K. , Stahlberg M. , Stendhal A. , Stukel M. , Tresca C. , Wagner F. , Yue S. , Zema V. , Zhu Y.
Published: May 2024

COSINUS is a dark matter (DM) direct search experiment that uses sodium iodide (NaI) crystals as cryogenic calorimeters. Thanks to the low nuclear recoil energy threshold and event-by-event discrimination capability, COSINUS will address the long-standing DM claim made by the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration. The experiment is currently under construction at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, and employs a large cylindrical water tank as a passive shield to meet the required background rate. However, muon-induced neutrons can mimic a DM signal therefore requiring an active veto system, which is achieved by instrumenting the water tank with an array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). This study optimizes the number, arrangement, and trigger conditions of the PMTs as well as the size of an optically invisible region. The objective was to maximize the muon veto efficiency while minimizing the accidental trigger rate due to the ambient and instrumental background. The final configuration predicts a veto efficiency of 99.63 ± 0.16% and 44.4 ± 5.6% in the tagging of muon events and showers of secondary particles, respectively. The active veto will reduce the cosmogenic neutron background rate to 0.11 ± 0.02 cts$$\cdot $$
·
kg$$^{-1}\cdot $$

-
1

·

year$$^{-1},$$

-
1

,

corresponding to less than one background event in the region of interest for the whole COSINUS-1$$\pi $$
π
exposure of 1000 kg$$\cdot $$
·
days.
Survey of short-term traffic flow prediction based on LSTM
Authors: Ma Changxi , Liu Tao
Published: May 2024

Short-time traffic flow prediction can not only help urban traffic management to complete the control and induce but also reduce the degree of urban congestion and improve the efficiency of urban operation. At the same time, improving the effect of short-time traffic flow prediction is one of the key points of traffic control and guidance development. Currently, there are many different models for short-term traffic flow prediction, and different prediction models have their different advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, we review the current status of research on short-time traffic flow prediction based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network: first, we analyze the research method in this paper; second, we briefly review the research and application effects of common prediction methods in traffic flow prediction; finally, the optimization method based on LSTM and its application effect are summarized and analyzed from the aspect of LSTM network and its combination model. In addition, short-time traffic flow prediction still faces challenges due to the problems of the data itself and the complexity of real-world traffic flow impact factors.
Dark matter via baryogenesis: Affleck–Dine mechanism in the minimal supersymmetric standard model
Authors: El Bourakadi K. , Ferricha-Alami M. , Sakhi Z. , Bennai M. , Chakir H.
Published: May 2024

We conducted an investigation into Affleck–Dine baryogenesis within the context of polynomial inflation, specifically focusing on its relationship with a recent reheating formalism. It was found that by considering a specific reheating temperature, the observed baryon asymmetry can be accounted through Affleck–Dine baryogenesis. Additionally, the majority of gravitinos are inferred to be generated from the decay of the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle, with Q-balls potentially serving as a source of gravitinos via the NSP decay. The temperature at which decay occurs depends on the charge of the Q-balls, which is determined by the fragmentation of the Affleck–Dine condensate. Remarkably, the gravitino mass required for dark matter aligns naturally with the theoretical gravitino mass.
Extraction of system peculiarities under the influence of periodic-chaotic behavior
Authors: Bary Ghulam , Ahmed Waqar , Ashmaig M. A. M.
Published: May 2024

In this study, the analytical elucidation for a generalized rotational harmonic system that possesses coherence and periodically excited force is reported. The methods of multiple scales within the interferometry are applied to evaluate the proposed problem and certain distinguishable cases for the rotational oscillators including normal harmonic oscillators without damped rotating are explored and discussed in detail. The distinctive computations for all mentioned chaotic cases about source peculiarities are deduced in detail. The acquired results are demonstrated in concrete graphical and numerical examples. Also, the coherence and the corresponding chaotic characteristics are discussed to probe the system intrinsic configurations. We can differentiate between correlations that result from particular multi-particle formation dynamics and even those caused by the influences of quantum symmetrization. We specifically demonstrate periodic flows and the interferences within the symmetrization for the partially chaotic systems obtained with the smashing of particles that is significant compared to the particle mass m. The partially chaotic system exhibits the coherence components which suppress the correlation intercept significantly and thus the current technique measures the degree of coherence precisely. The contemplated methodology can be applied to evaluating and analyzing many strong nonlinear oscillatory equations. Such an innovative approach can compute the problems of celestial mechanics and chemical reactions in engineering and medical fields.
Enhanced magnetoresistance properties in La0.7−xSmxCa0.3MnO3 epitaxial films
Authors: Chen Rui , Ip Kin Hong , Huang Xin , Li Junhong , Dong Zhiliang , Shao Men , Xu Min , Yang Weiyi , Yan Tingting , Li Zhidong , Zhang Hui , Ma Ji , Yang Sheng’an , Chen Qingming
Published: May 2024

The electrical and magnetic properties of strongly correlated manganese oxides originate from and depend on the coupling of spin, orbital, lattice and other degrees of freedom, and can also be controlled by external stimuli (such as a magnetic field). Here, the films have been prepared using spin-coating method to determine the role of Jahn–Teller (JT) distortion and double exchange (DE) interaction in electronic transport and magnetoresistance (MR) by magnetic field in La[Formula: see text]SmxCa[Formula: see text]MnO3/SrTiO3(001). The Sm-induced lattice distortion suppresses the metal-insulator transition temperature and increases the films’ resistivity, which is due to the weakening of the DE interaction between Mn[Formula: see text]–O[Formula: see text]–Mn[Formula: see text] ions and the enhancement of the single electron bandwidth. Moreover, the MR can be increased to 96.5% and the AMR can be increased to 66.6% under 1 T magnetic field. These findings indicate the importance of JT distortion in multi-field control of hole-doped perovskite manganites.
Slow–Fast Dynamics of a Piecewise-Smooth Leslie–Gower Model with Holling Type-I Functional Response and Weak Allee Effect
Authors: Wu Xiao , Xie Feng
Published: May 2024

The slow–fast Leslie–Gower model with piecewise-smooth Holling type-I functional response and weak Allee effect is studied in this paper. It is shown that the model undergoes singular Hopf bifurcation and nonsmooth Hopf bifurcation as the parameters vary. The theoretical analysis implies that the predator’s food quality and Allee effect play an important role and lead to richer dynamical phenomena such as the globally stable equilibria, canard explosion phenomenon, a hyperbolically stable relaxation oscillation cycle enclosing almost two canard cycles with different stabilities and so on. Moreover, the predator and prey will coexist as multiple steady states or periodic oscillations for different positive initial populations and positive parameter values. Finally, we present some numerical simulations to illustrate the theoretical analysis such as the existence of one, two or three limit cycles.
On the role of closed timelike curves and confinement structure around Kerr–Newman singularity
Authors: Dutta Ayanendu , Roy Dhritimalya , Chakraborty Subenoy
Published: May 2024

In this study, the particle motion around the naked singularity and black hole of Kerr–Newman spacetime is investigated with a special attention on the closed timelike orbits. It is found that both in the naked singularity (NS) and in black hole (BH), the singularity is concealed by causality violating regions, and the Cauchy surface consistently resides inside the inner horizon in nonextremal black holes. For neutral particles and particles with an identical charge to the source, only particles with positive angular momentum are permitted to traverse the closed timelike curves. Conversely, for particles with the opposite charge to the source, the strong Coulomb attraction draws all particles inside the Cauchy surface, allowing them to be present in the closed timelike curves irrespective of their angular momentum. However, in both the NS and BH (both extremal and nonextremal), test particles are confined at a considerable distance from the singular point such that there always exists an empty region surrounding the singularity which prevents particles from interacting with it. The radius of the empty surface that depends on the source parameters and the particle characteristics is investigated with an accurate expression.
A SIMPLE PROBLEM FOR SIMULATING DEMOGRAPHIC NOISE IN BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION MODELS: A DISCREPANCY EFFECT
Authors: MACRELLI ROBERTO , CARLETTI MARGHERITA , STABILE GIOVANNI
Published: May 2024

Dynamical systems described by deterministic differential equations represent idealized situations where random implications are ignored. In the context of biomathematical modeling, the introduction of random noise must be distinguished between environmental (or extrinsic) noise and demographic (or intrinsic) noise. In this last context it is assumed that the variation over time is due to demographic variation of two or more interacting populations, and not to fluctuations in the environment. The modeling and simulation of demographic noise as a stochastic process affecting single units of the populations involved in the model are well known in the literature and they result in discrete stochastic systems. When the population sizes are large, these discrete stochastic processes converge to continuous stochastic processes, giving rise to stochastic differential equations. If noise is ignored, these stochastic differential equations turn to ordinary differential equations. The inverse process, i.e., inferring the effects of demographic noise on a natural system described by a set of ordinary differential equations, is an issue addressed in a recent paper by Carletti M, Banerjee M, A backward technique for demographic noise in biological ordinary differential equation models, Mathematics 7:1204, 2019. In this paper we show an example of how the technique to model and simulate demographic noise going backward from a deterministic continuous differential system to its underlying discrete stochastic process can provide a discrepancy effect, modifying the dynamics of the deterministic model.
CULTURAL TENSIONS AND VALUES-ACTION GAPS IN SUSTAINABILITY-ORIENTED INNOVATION: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC INQUIRY
Authors: BREUER HENNING , IVANOV KIRIL
Published: May 2024

European companies have widely adopted sustainability goals as part of their strategy and normative guidelines but struggle to facilitate organisation-wide cultural transformation towards more sustainable development. Despite the rapid development of theoretical concepts and methods for values-based and sustainability-oriented innovation (SOI), we still do not understand the discrepancies between sustainability-oriented values and strategies on the one hand and their insufficient translation into innovation-related practices on the other. In order to advance our understanding of the cultural tensions and values-action gaps that constrain SOI at the organisational level and to derive corresponding measures for building values-based innovation cultures, we conducted ethnographic research at a leading technical inspection company in Germany. The resulting insights reveal tensions and gaps between espoused values of corporate sustainability and everyday practices with regard to innovation culture, vertical and horizontal integration, external interfaces, practices and methods and personal alignment. Their discussion enriches our theoretical understanding of values-based and sustainable innovation practices and identifies areas and entry points for managerial intervention to promote a sustainable innovation culture.
Semi-prime operation and superficial sequence
Authors: Essan Komoé Ambroise
Published: May 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a Cohen–Macaulay local ring with infinite residue field [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be an [Formula: see text]-primary ideal of [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a semi-prime operation in the set of ideals of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be a [Formula: see text]-good filtration on [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be an integer and [Formula: see text] for all large integers [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we give some relationships between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]-superficial sequence. Thus, we show that if [Formula: see text] is a maximal [Formula: see text]-superficial sequence on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], then it exists a positive integer [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text].
On the finiteness of the subgroup of homotopy self-equivalences inducing the identity on homology
Authors: Benkhalifa Mahmoud
Published: May 2024

For a rationally elliptic space [Formula: see text], we denote its group of self-homotopy equivalences as [Formula: see text], and its subgroup consisting of elements inducing the identity on the homology groups as [Formula: see text]. This paper aims to investigate how the homotopy groups of [Formula: see text] influence the finiteness of [Formula: see text].
Extending the synchronous fellow traveler property
Authors: Kruengthomya Prohrak , Berdinsky Dmitry
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we introduce an extension of the fellow traveler property which allows fellow travelers to be at distance bounded from above by a function [Formula: see text] growing slower than any linear function. We study normal forms satisfying this extended fellow traveler property and certain geometric constraints that naturally generalize two fundamental properties of an automatic normal form — the regularity of its language and the bounded length difference property. We show examples of such normal forms and prove some nonexistence theorems.
A comparative study of Mongolian medicine prescriptions in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Tibetan medicinal compounds in the Ministerial Standards
Authors: Zang Ji , Tai Cai Rang-Zhou , Nan Jie-Jia , Rang-Nanjia Cai
Published: May 2024

Objective: To analyze the similarity between Mongolian medicine prescriptions included in the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia) and Tibetan medicinal compounds according to the Drug Standards of the Ministry of Public Health of the People’s Republic of China: Tibetan Medicine (Volume I) (hereinafter referred to as the Ministerial Standards). Methods: A comparative analysis was conducted between Mongolian medicine prescriptions contained in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the corresponding Tibetan medicinal compounds included in the Ministerial Standards using Jaccard similarity coefficients and Hellinger distance algorithms across three dimensions: composition, shared drug dosage ratio, and efficacy. Different weights were applied to calculate the comprehensive similarity between the formulas. Simultaneously, we collated and verified the original source literature, and determined the era of composition for each formula. Results: The overall similarity between the Mongolian medicine prescriptions from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the Tibetan medicinal compounds from the Ministerial Standards was over 50%. Notably, the composite similarity for the pairings Sanwei Jili San and Sanwei Jili Tangsan, as well as Wuwei Qingzhuo San and Shiliu Anzhi Jinghua San, exceeded 90%. Additionally, six sets of formulas achieved a similarity of over 75%. Literature research has revealed that all 13 sets of formulas first appeared in Tibetan medical literature and were long-standing practices in Tibetan medicine clinics, significantly predating their initial documentation in Mongolian medical literature. Conclusion: The 13 sets of Mongolian medicine prescriptions originated from Tibetan medicinal compounds. Throughout their evolution, the sets adhered to the principles of similar origins and/or properties and effects, leading to the emergence of both commonly used and alternative items. Nevertheless, the efficacy of the formulas has remained highly consistent. The phenomenon of ingredient substitution in the formulas could be attributed to various factors, such as resource availability and cognitive differences among inheritance schools. This study has important implications for further comparative research on content quantification and pharmacological activity. Such research could uncover new medicinal varieties, fostering the sustainable development of Tibetan and Mongolian medicine.
Studies on N-(6-Indazolyl) benzenesulfonamide Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents: Integrating Synthesis, In silico Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Yadav Mithlesh , Bhatia Meenakshi , Mali Suraj N. , Kumar Sunil , Mathew Bijo , Kapoor Archana
Published: May 2024

A new series of benzenesulfonamide derivatives, namely N-(1-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1[Formula: see text]-indazol-5-yl) compounds (4a-i) and N-(1-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-6-ethoxy-1[Formula: see text]-indazol-5-yl) derivatives (5a-i), were synthesized. This was achieved by reducing 1-(2-halopyrimidin-4-yl)-5-nitro-1[Formula: see text]-indazole (3) with SnCl2, followed by reacting with various aryl sulphonyl chlorides in pyridine. Structural confirmation was carried out through IR, 1H-NMR, [Formula: see text]C-NMR and mass spectral methods. Anticancer activity evaluation of compounds 4a-i and 5a-i revealed that N-(1-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-6-ethoxy-1H-indazol-5-yl)-2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (5b) displayed exceptional efficacy. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to rigorously assess the stability of ligand–protein complexes, highlighting a consistent and robust binding of the most potent compound within the binding sites of target proteins. The results unequivocally affirmed the remarkable anticancer activity, supported by comprehensive molecular docking analyses uncovering intricate interactions involving hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces and hydrophobic contacts. These findings collectively offer invaluable insights into the complex molecular structure and dynamics of receptor target sites, establishing a robust foundation for the development of novel and potent anticancer agents with promising pharmaceutical implications.
Few-Shot Remote Sensing Novel View Synthesis with Geometry Constraint NeRF
Authors: Kang Jiaming , Chen Keyan , Zou Zhengxia , Shi Zhenwei
Published: May 2024

Novel View Synthesis (NVS) is an important task for 3D interpretation in remote sensing scenes, which also benefits vicinagearth security by enhancing situational awareness capabilities. Recently, NVS methods based on Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) have attracted increasing attention for self-supervised training and highly photo-realistic synthesis results. However, it is still challenging to synthesize novel view images in remote sensing scenes, given the complexity of land covers and the sparsity of input multi-view images. In this paper, we propose a novel NVS method named FReSNeRF, which combines Image-Based Rendering (IBR) and NeRF to achieve high-quality results in remote sensing scenes with sparse input. We effectively solve the degradation problem by adopting the sampling space annealing method. Additionally, we introduce depth smoothness based on the segmentation mask to constrain the scene geometry. Experiments on multiple scenes show the superiority of our proposed FReSNeRF over other methods.
Using data as an input to parameterized polynomial systems
Authors: Regan Margaret H.
Published: May 2024

Parameterized systems of polynomial equations arise in many applications including computer vision, chemistry, and kinematics. Numerical homotopy continuation methods are a fundamental technique within numerical algebraic geometry for both solving these polynomial systems and determining more refined information about their structure. Imperative to these solving methods is the use of data either synthetic or from the application itself, such as image pixel data for computer vision and leg length parameters for kinematics. This paper will describe projects that incorporate the use of data to find real solutions and/or the structure of real solutions for problems in applications. Illustrative examples are given to highlight various uses of data within computer vision, machine learning, and kinematics applications.
Modeling dynamics and stability analysis of pneumonia disease infection with parameters uncertainties control
Authors: Mumbu Abdulrahman
Published: May 2024

In this work, a mathematical model of six compartments is formulated, showing the dynamic flow of pneumonia disease in the human population with treatment and vaccination interventions. Equilibria points and stability analyses were carried out using the Lyapunov function approach. Analytically, it is found that at the disease-free equilibrium state, local and global asymptotic stability behaviors are achieved when [Formula: see text] with instability if [Formula: see text]. However, at the endemic equilibrium point, asymptotic stability is attainable if [Formula: see text] and instability otherwise. The study indicates that pneumonia disease infection is successfully reduced when treatment and vaccination interventions are administered to the patients. The work also proposes an adaptive sliding mode control approach with a closed-loop control system to manage pneumonia epidemic model uncertainties. This approach intends to reduce disease transmission and infection through successful tracking of defined trajectories and managing uncertainties. For the control rates [Formula: see text], the technique managed to track the disease carriers and infectious agents accurately even in the presence of parameter uncertainties. In conclusion, an increase in the control rates [Formula: see text] in the existence of parameter uncertainty control systems significantly reduces the number of disease transmitters and infectious agents quicker than in their absence. Hence, this study signifies the pivotal role of treatment and vaccination in the control of pneumonia infection as well as the control of parameter uncertainties by the proposed method.
Mechanical and Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviors of Porous Ti-6Al-4V Alloys Prepared by an Electrochemical Sintering Approach
Authors: Lu Beihu , Cai Muya , Chen Xiang , Yin Huayi
Published: May 2024

Titanium alloys have been widely used in bone implants, but the mechanical properties, elastic modulus mismatch between bone and metal, and stress shielding effects can occur. However, porous materials can effectively overcome this problem. In recent years, porous structures have attracted enough attention from researchers. Adjustment of the porous structure may make the titanium alloys better able to meet the requirements of the implant. In this study, we have successfully prepared Ti-6Al-4V alloys by combining powder metallurgy with electrolysis in molten salt. At the same time, CaCl2 was used as a sacrificial space holder to adjust the porosity and porous structure. The Ti-6Al-4V alloys prepared by this method contain 29%–60% porosity and elastic modulus has been controlled between 1.8 GPa to 7.8 GPa, which is suitable for cancellous bone, trabecular, and other parts with low elastic modulus. In addition, the higher porosity also showed better corrosion resistance in the Hank’s solution. The potentiodynamic polarization curves show that the corrosion resistance increases significantly with an increase in porosity.
Armchair ReS2 Nanoribbons: A Promising Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Aparna M. P. , Chatanathodi Raghu
Published: May 2024

The two-dimensional material rhenium disulphide (ReS2) is currently receiving immense attention due to its applications in electrocatalysis. This is primarily due to ReS2 possessing excellent qualities like stability in air, easy exfoliation, methanol tolerance etc. However, the two-dimensional monolayer of ReS2 is more or less catalytically inert, due to the sulfur layers covering the Re atoms. Modifications of the two-dimensional monolayer like transition metal decoration, metal cluster deposition, nanoribbon formation etc, is found to lead to enhanced activity. Here, we computationally model a particular nanostructure of two-dimensional ReS2 which is in the form of a nanoribbon, for activity directed towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). We study the armchair configuration nanoribbons of ReS2 and find that these have a heightened HER activity compared to the basal plane. Through free energy computations, we predict that armchair ReS2 nanoribbons can have activity comparable to platinum and platinum based catalysts, which are ideal for HER. Using the nudged elastic band method, we investigate the probable mechanism of HER, and find that the Heyrovsky reaction has zero activation barrier for armchair ReS2 nanoribbons. Our results indicate that ReS2 nanoribbon is indeed a promising material as a stable and efficient HER catalyst.
Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Deconstruction of Plastics Waste into Nanostructured Carbon and Hydrogen Fuel Using Composite Magnetic Ferrite Catalysts
Authors: Shoukat Bilal , Hussain Hammad , Naz Muhammad Yasin , Ibrahim Ahmed Ahmed , Shukrullah Shazia , Khan Yasin , Zhang Yaning
Published: May 2024

Finding new catalysts and pyrolysis technologies for efficiently recycling wasted plastics into fuels and structured solid materials of high selectivity is the need of time. Catalytic pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that cracks the feedstock in an inert gas environment into gaseous and liquid fuels and a residue. This study is conducted on microwave-assisted catalytic recycling of wasted plastics into nanostructured carbon and hydrogen fuel using composite magnetic ferrite catalysts. The composite ferrite catalysts, namely, NiZnFe2O4, NiMgFe2O4, and MgZnFe2O4 were produced through the coprecipitation method and characterized for onward use in the microwave-assisted valorization of wasted plastics. The ferrite nanoparticles worked as a catalyst and heat susceptor for uniformly distributed energy transfer from microwaves to the feedstock at a moderate temperature of 450°C. The type of catalyst and the working parameters significantly impacted the process efficiency, gas yield, and structural properties of the carbonaceous residue. The tested process took 2–8 minutes to pulverize feedstock into gas and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), depending on the catalyst type. The NiZnFe2O4-catalyzed process produced CNTs with good structural properties and fewer impurities compared to other catalysts. The NiMgFe2O4 catalyst performed better in terms of hydrogen evolution by showing 87.5% hydrogen (H2) composition in the evolved gases. Almost 90% of extractable hydrogen from the feedstock evolved during the first 2 minutes of the reaction.
Treating Type 2 Diabetes With Early, Intensive, Multimodal Pharmacotherapy: Real‐World Evidence From an International Collaborative Database
Authors: Anson Matthew , Malik Ayesha , Zhao Sizheng S. , Austin Philip , Ibarburu Gema H. , Jaffar Shabbar , Garrib Anupam , Cuthbertson Daniel J. , Alam Uazman
Published: May 2024

Aims: We compared the glycaemic and cardiorenal effects of combination therapy involving metformin, pioglitazone, sodium‐glucose‐linked‐cotransporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) versus a more conventional glucocentric treatment approach combining sulphonylureas (SU) and insulin from the point of type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Global Collaborative Network in TriNetX. We included individuals prescribed metformin, pioglitazone, an SGLT2i, and a GLP‐1 RA for at least 1‐year duration, within 3 years of a T2D diagnosis, and compared with individuals prescribed insulin and a SU within the same temporal pattern. Individuals were followed up for 3 years.

Results: We propensity score‐matched (PSM) for 26 variables. A total of 1762 individuals were included in the final analysis (n = 881 per cohort). At 3‐years, compared to the insulin/SU group, the metformin/pioglitazone/SGLT2i/GLP‐1 RA group had a lower risk of heart failure (HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13–0.87, p = 0.018), acute coronary syndrome (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.12–0.67, p = 0.002), stroke (HR 0.17, 95% CI 0.06–0.49, p < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.25–0.99, p = 0.042), and hospitalisation (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46–0.77, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: In this real‐world study, early, intensive polytherapy, targeting the distinct pathophysiological defects in T2D, is associated with significantly more favourable cardiorenal outcomes, compared to insulin and SU therapy.