bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pseudogenization of the rhizobium-responsive EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE RECEPTOR in Parasponia is a rare event in nodulating plants
Authors: Dupin Simon , Klein Joël , Rutten Luuk , Huisman Rik , Geurts Rene
Published: February 2022

Background: Nodule symbiosis with diazotrophic Frankia or rhizobium occurs in plant species belonging to ten taxonomic lineages within the related orders Fabales, Fagales, Cucurbitales, and Rosales. Phylogenomic studies indicate that this nitrogen-fixing nodulation trait has a single evolutionary origin. In legume model plants, the molecular interaction between plant and rhizobium microsymbiont is mapped to a significant degree. A specific LysM-type receptor kinase, LjEPR3 in Lotus japonicus and MtLYK10 in Medicago truncatula, was found to act in a secondary identity-based mechanism, controlling intracellular rhizobium infection. Furthermore, LjEPR3 showed to bind surface exopolysaccharides of Mesorhizobium loti, the diazotrophic microsymbiont of L. japonicus. EPR3 orthologous genes are not unique to legumes. Surprisingly, however, its ortholog EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE RECEPTOR (EPR) is pseudogenized in Parasponia, the only lineage of non-legume plants that nodulate also with rhizobium.Results: Analysis of genome sequences showed that EPR3 orthologous genes are highly conserved in nodulating plants. We identified a conserved retrotransposon insertion in the EPR promoter region in three Parasponia species, which associates with defected transcriptional regulation of this gene. Subsequently, we studied the EPR gene of two Trema species as they represent the sister genus of Parasponia for which it is assumed it lost the nitrogen-fixing nodulation trait. Both Trema species possess apparently functional EPR genes that have a nodulation-specific expression profile when introduced into a Parasponia background. This indicates the EPR gene functioned in nodulation in the Parasponia-Trema ancestor.Conclusion: We conclude that nodule-specific expression of EPR3 orthologous genes is shared between the legume and Parasponia-Trema lineage, suggesting an ancestral function in the nitrogen-fixing nodulation trait. Pseudogenization of EPR in Parasponia is an exceptional case in nodulating plants. We speculate that this may have been instrumental to the microsymbiont switch -from Frankia to rhizobium- that has occurred in the Parasponia lineage and the evolution of a novel crack entry infection mechanism.
miR-100-5p Enhanced Cell Cycle-mediated Chemoresistance Through Modulating CTDSPL/pRB/E2F1 Signaling Pathway in Oxaliplatin-Resistant Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Ming-Cheng , D Hema Sri , Singh Chaouhan Hitesh , Wang Tso-Fu , Li Chi-Cheng , Ho Tsung-Jung , Shibu Marthandam Asokan , Kuo Wei-Wen , Shih Tzu-Ching , Lin Yu-Jung , Huang Chih-Yang
Published: February 2022

Purpose: miR-100-5p has been found upregulated in Oxaliplatin-resistant LoVo colorectal cell lines, but its function still need further study. Here, we investigated its function in cell regulation chemoresistance in chemoresistant colorectal cancer cell lines.Methods: Microarray, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and westernblot were used to analysis the level of miR-100-5p. The downstream candidate gen target of miR-100-5p, CTDSPL in Oxaliplatin resistant (OXR)-LoVo colorectal cell lines were screened using the different types of bioinformatics based miRNA target prediction data are TargetScan (http://www.targetscan.org/), miRanda (http://www.microrna.org/ and mirTar (http://mirtar.mbc.nctu.edu.tw/human/). CTDSPL, a phosphatase-like tumor suppressor level was detected by westernblot as well with cell cycle progression chemoresistance associated colorectal cancer cell CTDSPL/p-RB/E2F1. Immunofluorescence assay and westernblot showed the cell properties were altered between parental and Oxaliplatin resistant LoVo cell lines. Bioinformatic prediction, (http://alggen.1si.upc.es/cgi-bin/promo_v3) was used to extend the investigation of miR-100-5p upstream regulation through checking dissimilarity index with margin less or equal than 15%, FOXP3, trancription factor forkhead box as upstream target. Interaction between miR-100-5p and CTDSPL regulation was confirmed using mimic miR-100-5p overexpression and knockdown upstream target sh-RNA approach.Results: hsa-miR-100-5p level was found significantly upregulated in LoVo-OXR than parental LoVo cell line, resulted in downregulation CTDSPL as a major target of miR-100-5p. The downregulated of CTDSPL/p-RB/E2F1 promotes cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in LoVo OXR compared with LoVo parental cell lines. Moreover, among various upstream targets FOXP3 is an upstream regulator of miR-100-5p. In addition, mimic miR-100-5p overexpression downregulated CTDSPL/p-RB/E2F1 signaling pathway was reverted upon miR-100-5p inhibition in CRC cell lines.Conclusion: Collectively, miR-100-5p is chemoresistance inducer through modulation of CTDSPL/p-RB/E2F1 signaling pathway in CRC cell. This phenomenon might offer a therapeutic platform for overcoming chemoresistance in cancer treatment.
Endoscopic Features of Oxyntic Gland Adenoma and Gastric Adenocarcinoma of the Fundic Gland Type Differ Between Patients with and Without Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Iwamuro Masaya , Kusumoto Chiaki , Nakagawa Masahiro , Matsueda Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Sayo , Yoshioka Masao , Inaba Tomoki , Toyokawa Tatsuya , Sakaguchi Chihiro , Tanaka Shouichi , Tanaka Takehiro , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: February 2022

Background
The endoscopic features of oxyntic gland adenoma and gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type have not been fully investigated in relation to Helicobacter pylori infection status. We compared the morphology, color, and location of these lesions between patients with and without H. pylori infection.
Methods
We retrospectively enrolled 165 patients (180 lesions) from 10 institutions. We divided the patients into the (i) Hp group (patients with current H. pylori infection [active gastritis, n = 13] and those with past infection [inactive gastritis, n = 76]) and (ii) uninfected group (H. pylori-uninfected patients, n = 52). We compared the clinical and endoscopic features of the two groups. We also performed an analysis between (i) lesions with atrophy of the surrounding gastric mucosa (atrophy group) and (ii) lesions without atrophy of the surrounding gastric mucosa (non-atrophy group).
Results
The average age was older in the Hp group than in the uninfected group (68.1 ± 8.1 vs. 63.4 ± 8.7 years, p < 0.01). Although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.09), multiple lesions were observed in 9 of 89 patients (10.1%) in the Hp group and in only 1 of 52 patients (1.9%) in the uninfected group. Meanwhile, significant differences were observed in the prevalence of lesions located in the gastric fornix or cardia (uninfected group: 67.3% vs. Hp group: 38.0%, p < 0.01), with an elevated morphology (80.0% vs. 56.0%, p < 0.01), with a subepithelial-like appearance (78.2% vs. 42.0%, p < 0.01), and with a color similar to that of the peripheral mucosa (43.6% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.02). The male-to-female ratio, lesion size, and presence or absence of vascular dilatation or black pigmentation on the surface were not different between the two groups. In the analysis comparing lesions with and without mucosal atrophy, the prevalence of multiple lesions was significantly higher (p = 0.02) in the atrophy group (5/25 patients, 20.0%) than in the non-atrophy group (7/141 patients, 5.0%).
Conclusions
The endoscopic features of oxyntic gland adenoma and gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type differ between patients with and without H. pylori infection.
Automatic Osteosarcoma Classification System Based Multilayer Grid XG Boost Architecture
Authors: B karthicsonia , Vanitha M.
Published: February 2022

Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary malignant bone tumour. Computer-aided detection (CAD) and diagnosis are being used to enhance osteosarcoma detection and diagnosis . The use of machine learning and deep learning algorithms may save up surgeons' time while also improving patient outcomes. An enormous quantity of data must be fed into the classifier for it to become more accurate. Adapted to a public dataset of osteosarcoma histology pictures, a mix of machine and deep learning is used in this work to distinguish between necrotic and healthy tissue images. First, the dataset was preprocessed, and contour based threshold segmentation techniques are applied. Then, Stochastic linear embedding based Feature extraction is used for extracting the abnormal features. Finally, the proposed multilayer grid XG Boost classifier is trained on stained images in order to increase the output accuracy. The experimental findings indicate that the proposed classifier has the greatest accuracy of any illness classification approach currently available. Our finetuned model showed superior performance in identifying osteosarcoma malignancy using H and E stained pictures.
Monitoring Non-Parametric Profiles using Adaptive EWMA Control Chart
Authors: Yeganeh Ali , Abbasi Saddam A. , Shongwe Sandile C.
Published: February 2022

To monitor the quality of a process in statistical process control (SPC), considering a functional relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables which is denoted as profile monitoring is becoming an increasingly common approach. Most of the studies in the SPC literature have dealt with cases in which the functional relationship has the same form in the in-control (IC) and out-of-control (OC) situation or considered parametric approaches. Non-parametric profiles, which have different relationship in OC conditions is also very common. This paper designs a novel control chart to monitor not only the regression parameters but also the variation of the profile in phase II applications, using an adaptive approach. Adaptive control charts adjust the final statistic with regard to information of previous samples and the proposed method considers the relative distance of the chart statistic to the control limits as a tendency index and provides some outcomes about the process condition. The results of Monte Carlo simulations show the superiority of the proposed monitoring scheme in comparison with the common non-parametric control chart.
Biosynthesis and characterization of CuO nanoparticles from plant of Adenathera pavonina linn bark and leaves.
Authors: OWOEYE TAIWO FELICIA , Akinlabu Kehinde Deborah , Emetere Moses , ADEBOYE Yinka John
Published: February 2022

Copper, a naturally occurring element, has medicinal potential and has recently gained in the textile industry. This paper seeks to chart the way forward on the commercial production of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) for textile industry. The leaves and bark of Adenathera pavonina linn were used to synthesize copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) which are utilized in a range of applications as heterogeneous catalysts in textile industry. Copper nanoparticles were created using a chemical and natural method (Leaf extraction). In the absence of any reducing or stabilizing agents, the assynthesized samples were submitted to a range of analytical techniques in order to learn more about the physical properties of the materials. The radius of the Cu-NP from leave extract ranged from 56 nm – 89 µm with copper, carbon, and oxygen having a composition of 73.31%, 6.40% and 20.29% respectively. Likewise, the radius of Cu-NP from bark extract ranged from 56 nm – 293 µm with copper, oxygen, carbon, silicon, manganese, and aluminum having a composition of 65%, 24%, 1.22%, 4.20%, 3.10%, and 2.12% respectively. The impurities are largely from soil which the plant takes its nutrient. Carbon was found in both extract as it is expected in organic compounds in plants. The crystalline characterization shows that their exist a significant composition of Cu (I) species in both Cu-NP from the extracts that makes it highly relevant to the catalytic procedure in the textile industries. Each feature of the planes shows the copper atom represented as Cu-1 and Cu-2. Since Adenathera pavonina linn is in abundant in the tropics, its sustainability and low-cost production and processing are highly desired for textile industries.
A CDK-mediated phosphorylation switch of disordered protein condensation
Authors: Altelaar Maarten , Valverde Juan , Dubra Geronimo , Toorn Henk W.P. Van den , Mierlo Guido van , Vermeulen Michiel , Heck Albert , Elena-Real Carlos , Fournet Aurélie , Ghoul Emile Al , Chahar Dhanvantri , Haider Austin , Paloni Matteo , Constantinou Angelos , Barducci Alessandro , Ghosh Kingshuk , Sibille Nathalie , Bernadó Pau , Knipscheer Puck , Krasinska Liliana , Fisher Daniel
Published: February 2022

Cell cycle transitions arise from collective changes in protein phosphorylation states triggered by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), but conceptual and mechanistic explanations for the abrupt cellular reorganisation that occurs upon mitotic entry are lacking. Specific interactions between distinct CDK-cyclin complexes and sequence motifs encoded in substrates might result in highly ordered phosphorylation1, while bistability in the mitotic CDK1 control network can trigger switch-like phosphorylation2. Yet the dynamics of mitotic phosphorylation has not been demonstrated in vivo, and the roles of most cell cycle-regulated phosphorylations are unclear. Here, we show evidence that switch-like phosphorylation of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) by CDKs contributes to mitotic cellular reorganisation by controlling protein-protein interactions and phase separation. We studied protein phosphorylation in single Xenopus embryos throughout synchronous cell cycles, performed parallel assignment of cell cycle phases using egg extracts, and analysed dynamics of mitotic phosphorylation using quantitative targeted phosphoproteomics. This provided a high-resolution map of dynamic phosphosites from the egg to the 16-cell embryo and showed that mitotic phosphorylation occurs on entire protein complexes involved in diverse subcellular processes and is switch-like in vivo. Most cell cycle-regulated phosphosites occurred in CDK consensus motifs and located to intrinsically disordered regions. We found that substrates of CDKs and other cell cycle kinases are significantly more disordered than phosphoproteins in general, a principle conserved from yeast to humans, while around half are components of membraneless organelles (MLOs), whose assembly is thought to involve phase separation. Analytical modelling predicts modulation of homotypic IDP interactions by CDK-mediated phosphorylation, which was confirmed by biophysical and biochemical analysis of a model IDP, Ki-67. These results highlight the dynamic control of intrinsic disorder as a conserved hallmark of the cell cycle and suggest a mechanism for CDK-mediated mitotic cellular reorganisation.
Association between lipid profiles and the risk of incident early-onset vasomotor symptoms
Authors: Choi Hye Rin , Chang Yoosoo , Kim Yejin , Kang Jeonggyu , Kwon Ria , Lim Gayoung , Kim Kye-Hyun , Kim Hoon , Hong Yunsoo , Zhao Di , Cho Juhee , Guallar Eliseo , Park Hyun-Young , Ryu Seungho
Published: February 2022

Objectives: We investigated the associations between serum lipid profiles and risk of early-onset vasomotor symptoms (VMSs) in premenopausal women.Study design: This cohort study comprised 2,540 premenopausal women aged 42–52 years without VMSs at baseline (median follow-up: 4.4 years). Main outcome measures: VMSs, including hot flashes and night sweats, were assessed using the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire (Korean version). Early-onset VMSs were defined as VMSs that occurred premenopause; moderate/severe VMSs were defined as a score of ≥ 3 points (range: 0 to 6, 6 being most bothersome). Parametric proportional hazard models were used to determine whether lipid levels affected VMS onset during the follow-up period. Results: Higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were positively associated with increased risk of early-onset VMSs. Compared to the < 100 mg/dL LDL group, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident VMSs were 1.19 (1.03–1.37) and 1.22 (1.04–1.42) in participants with LDL cholesterol levels of 100-129 mg/dL and ≥ 130 mg/dL, respectively (P for trend = 0.015). The multivariable-adjusted HR for incident moderate/severe VMSs was 1.40 (95% CI: 1.11–1.77) in participants with LDL ≥ 130 mg/dL, compared to those with LDL < 100 mg/dL. Meanwhile, triglycerides and total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were not significantly associated with early-onset VMSs risk in premenopausal women.Conclusions: Premenopausal women with high serum LDL cholesterol concentrations had a higher risk of incident early-onset VMSs. Further studies should confirm our findings and examine whether LDL-lowering interventions reduce the risk of early-onset VMSs among women during menopause transition.
Autistic-like behavioral effects of prenatal stress in juvenile Fmr1 mice: the relevance of sex differences and gene-environment interactions
Authors: Pietropaolo Susanna , Petroni Valeria , Subashi Enejda , Premoli Marika , Wöhr Markus , Crusio Wim E , Lemaire Valerie
Published: February 2022

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common heritable form of mental retardation and the main monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). FXS is due to a mutation in the X-linked FMR1 gene and is characterized by motor, cognitive and social alterations, mostly overlapping with ASD behavioral phenotypes. The severity of these symptoms and their timing may be exacerbated and/or advanced by environmental adversity interacting with the genetic mutation. We therefore tested the effects of the prenatal exposure to unpredictable chronic stress on the behavioral phenotype of juveniles of both sexes in the Fmr1 knock-out (KO) mouse model of FXS. Mice underwent behavioral tests at 7–8 weeks of age, that is, when most of the relevant behavioral alterations are absent or mild in Fmr1-KOs. Stress induced the early appearance of cognitive deficits in KO male mice, without exacerbating the behavioral phenotype of mutant females. In males stress also altered social interaction and communication, but mostly in WT mice, while in females it induced effects on locomotion and communication in mice of both genotypes. Our data therefore highlight the sex-dependent relevance of early environmental stressors to interact with genetic factors to influence the appearance of selected FXS- and ASD-like phenotypes.
Microscopic structure of three-dimensional charge order in kagome superconductor AV3Sb5 and its tunability
Authors: Kang Mingu , Fang Shiang , Yoo Jonggyu , Ortiz Brenden , Oey Yuzki , Ryu Sae Hee , Kim Jimin , Jozwiak Chris , Bostwick Aaron , Rotenberg Eli , Kaxiras Efthimios , Checkelsky Joseph , Wilson Stephen , Park Jae-Hoon , Comin Riccardo
Published: February 2022

Correlated electronic systems are naturally susceptible to develop collective, symmetry-breaking electronic phases as observed in Cu- and Fe-based high-temperature superconductors, and twisted Moiré superlattices. The family of kagome metals AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) is a recently discovered, rich platform to study many of these phenomena and their interplay. In these systems, three-dimensional charge order (3D-CO) is the primary instability that sets the stage in which other ordered phases emerge, including unidirectional stripe order, orbital flux order, and superconductivity. Therefore, determining the exact nature of the 3D-CO is key to capture the broader phenomenology in AV3Sb5. Here, we use high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to resolve the microscopic structure and symmetry of 3D-CO in AV3Sb5. Our approach is based on identifying an unusual splitting of kagome bands induced by 3D-CO, which provides a sensitive way to refine the spatial charge patterns in neighboring kagome planes. Notably, we found a marked dependence of the 3D-CO structure on alkali metal and doping: the 3D-CO in CsV3Sb5 is composed of kagome layers with alternating Star-of-David and Tri-Hexagonal distortions, while KV3Sb5, RbV3Sb5, and Sn-doped CsV3Sb5 realize a staggered charge pattern breaking C6 rotational symmetry. These results establish the microscopic structure of 3D-CO and its evolution with chemical composition for the first time, providing fresh insights on the origin of the cascade of exotic electronic phases in AV3Sb5.
Petrogenesis, Mineral Chemistry, and Thermobarometry of Back-Arc Basin Metabasites from the Ghoulan Area, East Azerbaijan, NW Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Zahra , Jahangiri Ahmad , Moazzen Mohssen , Oh Chang Whan
Published: February 2022

Amphibolites from the Ghoulan area in the East Azerbaijan province, NW Iran are metabasites containing plagioclase and hornblende as main phases also rutile and opaque minerals as accessory phases. They are spatially associated with different magmatic intrusions from the Shahjahan batholith and their relationship is sharp. These metabasites are located between three main suture zones such as Sevan-Akera suture zone in Armenia, Bitlis-Portugal suture zone in Turkey and Zagros suture zone in Iran, so their geodynamic features will help us to reconstruction paleo-geodynamic of Neotethys Ocean especially in the North West of Iranian microplate. Based on whole rock, major and trace element geochemistry of the amphibolites, they are formed from sub-alkaline basalt to andesite-basalt with tholeiitic affinity which originated from high rate partial melting (more than 10%) of mantle with spinel lherzolite to spinel-garnet lherzolite composition, they do not show any negative Ti, Nb and Ta anomaly in the different normalized spider diagrams which indicate their generating is not related to the subduction tectonic setting but they are enrichment in large ionic lithophile and LREE elements such as Rb, Sr, U, Th and Cs rather than HREE and HFSE. The geochemical composition of studied metabasites show sialic back arc basin tectonic setting. Based on plagioclase and amphibole mineral chemistry, the amphibole minerals show metamorphic and calcic features also Edenite in composition and plagioclase are andesine in composition. Thermobarometry based on amphibole composition in amphibolites shows 697-778oC temperature and 3.5- 5.5 Kbar pressure for these metabasites which can be correlate with LP-HT metamorphic facies that confirm their generation in the extensional tectonic setting. Although any age dating on these metabasites is not reported yet but due to high similarities between these metabasites and studied metabasites in the Khoy metamorphic complex (NW Iran) from petrogenesis and geochemical viewpoints, we propose that these metabasites can be correlate together and generated from a single tectonic event at a same geological time, so we propose the Paleocene –Eocene possibility time for metamorphism of studied amphibolites and closure of the back arc basin.
Identification of Potential Hub Genes and Pathways Predicting Pathogenesis in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Li Daishi , Ge Yi , Ke Xinchen , Pan Jie , Wang Yujie , Che Xuanlin , Guo Jia , Wang Yi , Wang Xianggui , Su Juan , Chen Xiang
Published: February 2022

Background: Malignant melanoma (MM) is one of the tumors with the worst prognosis among skin malignancies. However, its pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets still need to be explored to a large extent.Methods: In the present study, we found three gene expression profiles and screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between melanoma and normal tissues. The DEGs were dealt with gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), protein–protein interaction (PPI), and survival analyses, while the connectivity map (CMap) database was used to predict candidate small molecules that may reverse the biological state of MMResults: we detected the expression of the most relevant core gene in vitro and checked the impact of the top predicted potential drug against the proliferation of MM cell lines. EXO1 were associated with unfavorable MM prognosis, ten hub genes were chose among the 77 up-regulated DEGs and 41 down-regulated DEGs, and three promising small molecule drugs for treating MM were identified. Simultaneously, we found that the highest predicted potential drug rifabutin significantly inhibits on the proliferation of melanoma cells and significantly reverses the expression of EXO1.In summary, the findings of the present study suggest that the ten hub genes and pathways identified may be closely related to MM pathogenesis.Conclusions: EXO1 overexpression could be a hopeful biomarker for revealing poor prognosis in patients with MM, while the rifabutin for the development of potential drugs to treat MM.
Structural, Optical And Photocatalytic Properties Of Cerium Doped Ba2TiMoO6 Double Perovskite
Authors: ercan filiz
Published: February 2022

Ce doped Ba2TiMoO6 nanomaterials with different Ce concentrations were synthesized by solid state technique. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the purity and the crystal structure of these nanomaterials. It was determined by the XRPD method that the atomic and molecular structures of Ba2Ti1-xCexMoO6 [x=(1,3,5,7)%] compound was in the tetragonal crystal system and crystallized in the P4mm space group, and the refinement parameters were gof 1.2 and Rf 1.60. The Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and surface area analysis were used to examine the surface morphology. The UV-Vis diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopies were used to investigate the optical properties. The study results showed the successful synthesis of pure Ba2TiMoO6 nanopowders, characterized by 8~20 nm grain size, 3.41~3.6 eV bandgap, and violet emission at 426.67 nm wavelength. To investigate the usability of the obtained nanomaterial in environmental applications, it was tested against Methyl Blue after 120 minutes of illumination. The photocatalytic efficiency was found to be approximately 16%.
The efficacy of tranexamic acid treatment with different time and doses for traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Honghao , Xin Mei , Wu Xiqiang , Liu Jian , Zhang Wenxin , Yang Ke , Zhang Jinbao
Published: February 2022

Objective: Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to play a significant role in the treatment of trauma diseases. However, its effectiveness in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) seems to be contradictory according to the recent publication of several meta-analyses. We aim to determine the efficacy of TXA treatment with different time and doses for TBI.Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library and Google scholar were searched for randomized (RCT) that compared TXA and placebo in adults and adolescents (≥ 15 years of age) with TBI, up to January 31, 2022. Two authors independently abstracted data and assessed the quality of evidence. Results: Of the identified 673 studies, 13 trials involving 18,675 patients met our inclusion criteria. TXA had no effect on mortality (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.92–1.06), adverse events (RR 0.93, 95% Cl 0.76-1.14), severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score from 3 to 8) (RR 0.99, 95% Cl 0.94-1.05), unfavorable Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS <4) (RR 0.96, 95% Cl 0.82-1.11), neurosurgical intervention (RR 1.11, 95%Cl 0.89-1.38), or new bleeding (RR 0.97, 95%Cl 0.82-1.16). TXA might reduce mean hemorrhage volume on subsequent imaging (SMD -0.35; 95% CI [-0.62, -0.08]).Conclusion: TXA at different times and doses was associated with reduced mean bleeding, but not with mortality, adverse events, neurosurgical intervention and new bleeding. We need more research data on different detection indexes and levels of TXA in patients with TBI, as compared to those not receiving TXA although the prognostic outcome for all harm outcomes was no effect, did not rule out the potential for harm. Trial registrationThe review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022300484).
Incidence, prognostic factors and clinical practice of Primary Pulmonary Lymphoma: A large population-based retrospective study
Authors: Hai Tao , Zou Liqun
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Primary pulmonary lymphoma(PPL) is a rare disease entity of pulmonary malignancies. The purpose of this study was to learn learn the incidence, treatment and survival of PPL.Methods: The incidence trend of PPL was investigated using Joinpoint regression software provided by National Cancer Institute. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors related to overall survival(OS) and disease-specific survival(DSS). The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to evaluate OS and DSS.Results: A total of 1500 PPL patients were included in this study. The incidence of PPL was steadily increasing by annual percentage change(APC) of 2.7%(95%CI 2.0-3.4, P＜0.001). The median age was 66.0(19.0-99.0) years old along with more female(54.4%) patients than male. The most common subtype of PPL was marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)(41.3%) and diffuse large b-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)(29.7%), and the treatment regimens vary between these two subtype. Age, primary site, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and laterality were identified as independent prognostic factors. Nomograms constructed for PPL-MALT and PPL-DLBCL to predict 1-, 5-, and 10-year OS and DSS. The area under curve (AUC) and calibration curves exhibit robust and accurate performance.Conclusions: Although rarely diagnosed, the incidence of PPL was steadily increasing in the past four decades. Nomograms for MALT and DLBCL in predicting 1-, 5-, 10-year OS and DSS were reliable. A diagram was drawn to describe PPL-MALT and PPL-DLBCL clinical practice.
Role of Neuroimaging in Suspected Dementia Patients: Utilization of Structural Imaging Algorithmic-Based Diagnosis in Resource Limited Settings
Authors: Ayele Biniyam A. , Guta Betesaida , Tesfaye Heera , Guta Tsega , Zebenigus Mehila , Tadesse Yonas , Zenebe Guta
Published: February 2022

Background
In 2050, it is estimated that the number of dementia patients in the sub Saharan Africa is expected to reach 5.05 million, an increase of 136% from the previous estimate of 2.14 million. The objectives of the present study were to assess the neuroimaging findings and associated factors in dementia suspected patients.
Method
A retrospective survey of the medical records of 121 suspected dementia patients whom presented to the Yehuleshet Specialty Clinic with subjective forgetfulness were reviewed. The study duration was between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the data.
Results
The mean age was 70.4 (1SD = 10.3) years. Sixty four (52.9%) participants were age below 70. Male accounted for 57.9%. Hyperlipidemia was the commonest (38%) identified vascular risk factor followed by prevalence of hypertension (32.2%) and diabetes mellitus (22.3%). HIV infection was observed in 3.3%. Low mean serum vitamin D level (below 20ng/mL) was observed in individuals with focal & global cortical atrophy and those with white matter hyperintensity. Fifty two (43%) participants fulfilled the clinical and imaging criteria of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Nearly quarter of the patients had imaging evidences of focal or global cortical atrophy. Eleven (9.1%) had imaging evidences of surgical causes of dementia. the presences of comorbid hypertension, previous stroke, and Parkinsonism were independent predictors of vascular dementia.
Conclusion
The present study shows high burden of vascular cognitive impairment among individuals suspected of dementia. Furthermore, the presences of comorbid hypertension, previous stroke, and Parkinsonism were independent predictors of vascular dementia.
Exploring the correlation between changes in gut microbial community diversity and depression in human populations
Authors: Li Xin , Jing Ke , Lu Hong , Li Ke , Zhang Yaowu , chaolu Hasi
Published: February 2022

Background
Depression, also known as depressive disorder, is a group of psychosomatic affective disorders characterized by persistent and significantly depressed mood, delayed thinking, and cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between changes in gut microbial community diversity and depression to provide data on new strategies for the prevention and treatment of depression.
Methods
In this study, we separated participants into a group of depressed patients and a healthy control group and analyzed their gut microbiota. We analyzed the gut microbial community structure of depressed patients and healthy controls using second-generation sequencing of the bacterial 16S RNA gene. We also explored the relative abundance of important microorganisms associated with the development of depression using a bioinformatics method.
Results
There were significant differences in the gut microflora structure between patients with depression and healthy individuals. The gut flora alpha diversity index was significantly reduced in patients with depression compared to that in the healthy population. At the species level, the relative abundance of Coprococcus catus and Bacteroides barnesiae was significantly lower in the depressed group than in the control group.
Conclusion
The development of depression may be associated with a decrease in beneficial gut bacteria.
Phaeohyphomycosis in a COVID-19 Patient Caused by Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum
Authors: Dolatabadi Somayeh , Nasirharandi Sara , Pourahmad Morteza , Ahmadikia Kazem , Mokhtari Mojgan , Najafzadeh Mohammad Javad , Mohammadi Rasoul
Published: February 2022

We report a case of 32-years-old male with a cerebral phaeohyphomycosis post COVID-19 infection from Iran. The causative agent was identified by histopathology, routine mycological methods and confirmed by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA and proved to be Neoscytalidium dimidiatum which is an opportunistic dematiaceous fungus belonging to Dothideomycetes.No apparent underlying disease was seen beside his COVID-19 complications and corticosteroid therapy. Symptoms indicative of his fungal infection appeared two weeks after his COVID-19 scenario. The brain MRI showed multi-focal CNS infection as abscess. Delayed identification of the fungus and antifungal treatment with amphotericin B may have affected the outcome, thus the patient died on day 25 post COVID-19 infection.Considering, rare incidence of infections due to N. dimidiatum, reporting this case will add to our awareness and may lead us to a timely management.
2D-metrics in routine dental radiographs correlate with bone supply of intraoral donor regions: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Brockmeyer Phillipp , Wiechens Bernhard , Sevinc Tayhan , Schliephake Henning , Hahn Wolfram
Published: February 2022

Background: To test the hypothesis that cephalometric parameters in two-dimensional routine dental radiographs correlate with the bone supply of intraoral donor regions. Methods: A total of 108 radiographs (36 panoramic radiographs [PRs], 36 lateral cephalometric radiographs [LCRs], and 36 cone-beam computed tomography scans [CBCT]) of 36 patients were analysed. Cephalometric parameters (PR and LCR) were correlated with the bone supply measurement in three-dimensional CBCT scans in three different intraoral donor regions (chin, mandibular retromolar region, and zygomatic alveolar crest). Results: Different mean bone volumes were measured for the chin (3.10 ± 1.11 cm³ SD), the mandibular retromolar region (1.66 ± 0.54 cm³ SD), and the zygomatic alveolar crest (0.17 ± 0.04 cm³ SD). Cephalometric parameters were significantly correlated with the bone dimensions in the chin and the mandibular retromolar region (all p-values < 0.05). Bone volume of the zygomatic alveolar crest exhibited no correlations with cephalometric parameters but significantly correlated with the mandibular retromolar bone volume (p < 0.01). No gender-specific differences were observed with respect to bone volumes in all bone harvesting regions. However, the interforaminal distance in the chin region was significantly higher in the male population (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Routine 2D radiographs can be used during the initial consultation for primary intraoral bone donor site evaluation. This is anticipated to be helpful in defining indications and justifying further diagnostic options such as three-dimensional radiological techniques.
Relationship Between Peripheral Blood Eosinophil Count and the Severity and Prognosis of Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy : A New Potentially Useful Predictor?
Authors: Jiang Zhi , Liao Hongmei , Wu Liwen , Hu Wenjing , Yang Liming , Chen Bo , Ning Zeshu , Tang Jingwen , Xu Rong , Chen Mei , Guo Feng , Liu Shulei
Published: February 2022

Objective To investigate the effect of peripheral blood eosinophil count on the severity and prognosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy（DMD). Method The clinical data of 145 patients with DMD and 150 normal healthy children in the same period were collected retrospectively. The results of the two groups were analysed and compared. Logistic regression and Cox regression analysis were used to explore the influence of eosinophils on DMD. The relationship between eosinophils and the long-term efficacy and prognosis of DMD were followed up. Result Compared with the control group, the eosinophil count of children in DMD group was slightly lower(Z=2.163,p=0.031).Eosino-phil count at visit and follow-up was slightly negatively correlated with muscle strength score to visit and follow-up, and the correlati-on coefficients were as follows: ρ=-0.245，p=0.040，ρ=-0.137，p=0.032.Eosinophils were the protective factor for high muscle strength score of visit,OR=0.007,95%CI(0.001-0.276)，p=0.008,OR=0.038,95%CI(0.002-0.752), p=0.032 after adjusting for age and other factors. Eosinophils were also the protective factor for elevated muscle stre-ngth score at follow-up visit,(OR=0.012,95%CI0.001-0.645,p=0.029), after adjusting for age and other factors (OR=0.033,95%CI0.001-0.121,p=0.039). Univariate analysis found that eosinophils affected the curative effect during follow-up visit, HR=2.739,95%CI(1.294-5.979)p=0.008. Further adjustment for age and other factors multivariate Cox regression analysis found that eosinophils affected the curative effect (HR=1.127,95% CI 1.109-1.246,p=0.020).Conclusion The eosinophil count in peripheral blood was related to the severity of DMD, and can predict the curative effect and prognosis to a certain extent. Eosinophil count may be a potentially useful predictor.
Prevalence and risk factors for kidney disease in Chinese HIV-Infected patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhao Naxin , Xiang Pan , Zeng Zhili , Liang Hongyuan , Wang Fang , Xiao Jiang , Yang Di , Chen Meiling , Gao Guiju
Published: February 2022

Background
Kidney disease is an important comorbidity in HIV-infected patients, and is associated with poor outcomes of these patients. However, data on kidney function in Chinese HIV-Infected patients are scarce. In this study we determined the prevalence of kidney disease in PLWH involving ART-naïve patients and ART-experienced patients in China and explored its associated risk factors.
Methods
In the cross-sectional study, we recruited hospitalized adult HIV-infected patients. Demographic characteristics, clinical information and laboratory variables were collected. Kidney disease was defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, hematuria, proteinuria, or microalbuminuria. We calculated the prevalence of kidney disease and used logistic regression to assess its associated risk factors.
Results
A total of 501 Chinese adult HIV-infected patients were enrolled, with 446 (89.0%) male and 55 (11.0%) female. Median age was 39 (IQR 30–50) years old. The prevalence of kidney disease was 19.0%. 22 (4.4%) patients had eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 53 (10.6%) patients had hematuria, 11 (2.2%) patients had proteinuria, 40 (8.0%) patients had microalbuminuria. Using univariate analysis, kidney disease was found to be significantly associated with older age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, duration of HIV, ART and its duration, TDF-containing regimen, HIV viral load < 20 copies/mL, lower hemoglobin and albumin, higher UA, CRP, CHOL and TG. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age (OR 1.031, 95%CI: 1.006–1.058, P = 0.016), diabetes mellitus (OR 3.699, 95%CI: 1.388–9.860, P = 0.009) and Anemia (hemoglobin OR 0.970, 95%CI: 0.954–0.986, P = 0.000) were significantly associated with kidney disease.
Conclusions
The prevalence of kidney disease in HIV-infected patients in China is high. It is very important to monitor renal function and comprehensively manage the various risk factors in these people. Especially, there is an urgent need to study antiretroviral drugs with no or less nephrotoxicity and with the ability to prevent the virus from depositing in the kidney to protect renal function of HIV-infected patients.
Primary Central Nervous System ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Features
Authors: Weng Xin , Fu Jia , Fu Jianchang , Huang Qitao , Yang Xia , Liu Xia , Zhang Xinyou , Huang Yuhua
Published: February 2022

Background
Primary CNS anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is extremely rare and only few cases have been reported. Due to its rarity, the clinicopathologic features and the prognosis of primary CNS ALK + ALCL have not been well characterized.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic and prognostic features of 3 cases of primary CNS ALK + ALCLs among 337 cases of primary CNS lymphomas during the past 14 years in our cancer center with review of an additional 20 cases from the literature.
Results
Primary CNS ALK + ALCL accounted for 0.9% (3/337) of all primary CNS lymphomas during the study period in our cancer center. The ages of patients ranged from 4 to 43 years, with a median age of 18 years. There was a predominance of males, with the male-to-female ratio of 6.7:1. Most (87%, 20/23) of cases had intracerebral mass(es), and among these cases, 25% (5/20) of cases were accompanied by involvement of spinal cord and (or) leptomeninges; rare cases (3/23,13%) were confined to the spinal cord and (or) leptomeninges. A solitary mass and multiple tumors were present in 56.5% (13/23) and 43.5% (10/23) of cases, respectively. Of the 22 patients with survival data, 31.8% (7/22) of patients died of the disease during the follow-up period (median follow-up, 24 months; range, 0.5–87 months). The 2-year overall survival (OS) of patients with primary CNS ALK + ALCL was 69%. Patients under 18-years old had worse 2-year overall survival, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.115). No statistical significance was found between patients with solitary mass and multiple tumors (p = 0.940).
Conclusions
Primary CNS ALK + ALCL is an extremely rare disease and tends to occur in young adults with a male preponderance. Patients with this disease have relatively favorable outcome than other types of primary CNS lymphomas. Accurate diagnosis, as well as timely and optimal treatment for patients with this disease is important.
Higher Serum Triglyceride Can Predict Recurrent Coronary Revascularization Events in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Baseline LDL-C<55mg/dl
Authors: Fan Xiaojuan , Wang Xiaoke , She Jianqing , Niu Xiaoqian , Luo Yongbai , Xi Wen , zheng Tao , Wu Yue
Published: February 2022

Background: Patients with low baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but experiencing recurrent coronary revascularization events have been rarely investigated.Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with baseline LDL-C <55mg/dl at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University between January and December 2017. Subsequent ischemia-driven revascularization events and all-cause death were documented during a 4-year follow-up. Cox analysis was used to evaluate the association between baseline clinical characteristics and long-term events. Results: Among 388 patients (mean age 63 years; 79.1% male) enrolled, 32 patients underwent recurrent revascularization events, and 38 patients occurred all-cause death. After adjustment for age, diabetes mellitus, multi-vessel disease and lipoprotein(a), multivariate Cox analysis showed that baseline serum triglyceride (TG) (HR=1.691, 95% CI: 1.178-2.428, p=0.004) was an independent predictor of recurrent coronary revascularization events. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that a higher TG level (≥1.17 mmol/L, determined by ROC curve) was associated with increased risk of recurrent revascularization events than lower TG level (<1.17 mmol/L) (p=0.021). Female (HR=2.647, 95%CI: 1.350-5.190, p=0.005) and previous atrial fibrillation (HR=3.163, 95%CI: 1.403-7.132, p=0.006) were associated with increased risk of all-cause death in this patient group. Conclusions: For patients undergoing PCI with baseline LDL-C <55mg/dl, higher baseline TG can predict recurrent coronary revascularization events.
Effectiveness and Costs of Identification Pathways for Tuberculosis: Modelling the Impact of Dual Energy X-Ray Technology
Authors: Karim Karim S , Butt Zahid , Hussain Hamidah , Bell David , Lee Evan , Horton Susan
Published: February 2022

Background
Existing screening methods for TB involve trade-offs among sensitivity, specificity and cost. Recent advances mean that dual-energy X-ray is more sensitive and only slightly more costly than conventional chest X-ray and could be a high-performing alternative for TB screening, particularly if associated computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) software were developed.
Methods
Existing data on sensitivity,specificity and cost were used for six screening methods (sputum testing, conventional chest X-ray with and without CAD software, dual-energy X-ray with and without CAD software, and nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT), used in various sequences. Cost and effectiveness of 20 different screening pathwayswere examined using data for Pakistan. Monte-carlo based sensitivity analysis focused on parameters for dual-energy X-ray.
Results
Sputum followed by NAAT is the best pathway when government budgets are low, and NAAT alone is the best when budgets are unlimited. With intermediate budgets, pathways including dual-energy X-ray dominate those including conventional X-rays, particularly if CAD software is developed for dual-energy X-ray.
Conclusions
Dual-energy X-ray can be a valuable addition to the screening options for TB. Our study provides different TB screening options for policy makers and TB program managers, which could be used as a guide for planning and implementation of TB screening programs.