bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracranial plasmacytoma as an initial presentation of multiple myeloma
Authors: Erikci Alev , Sayan Ozkan , Karagoz Bulent , Kucukodaci Zafer , Velioglu Murat
Published: November 2009

Intra-cranial involvement is an uncommon complication of multiple myeloma. We report a 68-year-old woman hospitalized for acute renal failure, vertigo and headache. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed two and a half and 3cm length cranial lesion, which proved to be plasmacytoma. After complete staging, we retained the diagnosis of immunoglobulin G lambda-type multiple myeloma with intracranial involvement. Cytogenetic analysis of plasma cells detected no change. Currently, she is a regular hemodialysis patient. She is planned to have both systemic therapy with 40mg dexamethasone and cranial radiotherapy. Involvement of the CNS in multiple myeloma is very rare. Diagnosis of multiple myeloma subsequent to initial intrcranial involvement is confined to exceptional cases. Despite aggressive systemic treatments, including autologous stem cell transplantation and local treatments such as cerebral radiotherapy, the prognosis for patients with CNS myeloma is extremely poor. Our unique case implies that physicians should be alert in case of vertigo or headache in cases with acute renal failure.
Phylogenetic analysis of house dust mites
Authors: Cui Yubao , Gao Cuixiang , Zhou Ying , Zhou Peng , Peng Ming , Lin Yingzi , Peng Jianglong
Published: November 2009

House dust mites live in house dusts and affect the health of humans. Among the many species, Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and Euroglyphus maynei have been found to be commonly associated with Ig-E-mediated allergic diseases. As a result, there is increasing effort to develop methods for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by these species. The purpose of the current study was to explore the evolutionary relationships among house dust mites. After adult D. farinae were separated and isolated for total RNA extract, the cDNA coding for Der f 1 and Der f 2 were cloned and sequenced. Then amino acid sequences for group 1 and 2 allergens of two of the most common house dust mites, D. pteronyssinus, E. maynei, were obtained from databases. Interestingly, homological analysis of amino acid sequences showed that both Der p 1 and Der p 2 from D. pteronyssinus had more similarities to Eur m 1 and Eur m 2, respectively, than they had to Der f 1 and Der f 2 from D. farinae. In the phylogenetic trees, D. pteronyssinus clustered with E. maynei, but not with D. farinae, although D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae belong to the same genus according to morphological taxonomy. It was previously assumed that D. pteronyssinus was more similar to E. maynei than to D. farinae at evolutionary levels.
Extreme Radial Growth Reaction of Norway Spruce Along An Altitudinal Gradient in the Šumava Mountains
Authors: Čejková Alžběta , Kolář Tomáš
Published: November 2009

Extreme radial growth reactions were analyzed over a 79-year period (1922-2000) to compare response of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) along an altitudinal gradient (376-1221 m a.s.l.) in the Šumava Mountains, the Czech Republic. Extreme growth events were defined as pointer years, when an average percentage of the site pointer years reached at least 50% strength observed at the relevant altitudinal zone (low < ca. 700 m; middle ca. 700-950 m, high > ca. 950 m). The comparison of the pointer years showed a specific pattern for altitudinal zones (Low: negative pointer years 2000, 1992, 1984, 1976, 1971 and positive 1997, 1975, 1960, 1949, 1932, 1926; middle: negative 2000, 1992, 1976 and positive 1997, 1989, 1978; high: negative 1996, 1980, 1974, 1965 and positive 1989, 1963, 1927). Negative pointer years were usually induced by summer drought at low elevations and by wet-cold summer at high altitudinal zone. These two main limiting factors were probably combined at the middle altitudinal zone. Detailed understanding of the extreme tree ring pattern along the altitudinal and geographical scale may be used as one of the additional indicators of dendrochronological dating and provenance identification of spruce sample among altitudinal zones in the Šumava Mountains.
Molecular Diagnosis of Phenylketonuria: From Defective Protein to Disease-Causing Gene Mutation
Authors: Pavlović Sonja , Stojiljković Maja
Published: November 2009

Molecular Diagnosis of Phenylketonuria: From Defective Protein to Disease-Causing Gene Mutation

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism, with an average incidence of 1/10000 in Caucasians. PKU is caused by more than 500 mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH) which result in phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) enzyme deficiency. Two approaches, in vitro expression analysis of mutant PAH and genotype-phenotype correlation study, are used for the assessment of severity ofPAHmutations. It has been shown that there is a significant correlation between mutantPAHgenotypes and PKU phenotypes. As a result, the molecular diagnosis is completely shifted toward the detection of mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. The study of the molecular basis of PKU in Serbia included identification of the spectrum and frequency ofPAHmutations in Serbian PKU patients and genotype-phenotype correlation analysis. By using both PCR-RFLP and »broad range« DGGE/DNA sequencing analysis, the mutation detection rate reached 97%. Thus, the base for molecular diagnosis, genetic counseling and selection of BH4-responsive PKU patients in Serbia was created.
Quantifying Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin in Serum
Authors: Thorn Jim , Guillemin Henri , de I'Escaille Francois
Published: November 2009

Quantifying Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin in Serum

Alcohol abuse is a major public health problem with significant consequences for the society and economy. A biomarker commonly used for the analysis of alcohol abuse is serum CDT (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin). Very few conditions other than heavy alcohol consumption over a period of two to three weeks cause serum CDT to rise. Here we report a capillary electrophoresis method that is able to quantify CDT and the high resolution and reproducibility of the method make it possible to identify potential variants while avoiding false results.
Of Friendship: Revisiting Friendships between Men in American Literature
Authors: Armengol-Carrera Josep M.
Published: November 2009

Traditionally, scholarship on men and masculinities has promoted the association of masculinity with emotional repression and containment. Moreover, emotional expressivity by men, when acknowledged, has usually been considered either apolitical or even politically conservative. However, this article attempts to question such traditional (mis)conceptions by exposing not only the existence but also the subversive political potential of men's emotions in American culture and literature. In particular, the study posits that strong emotional attachments between men could contribute not only to enriching men's emotional lives but also, and above all, to erasing sexism, racism, and homophobia from our societies. It is argued, therefore, that men's friendships with other men might play a fundamental role in promoting greater social equality, as American literature illustrates.
Gamma Knife thalamotomy for treatment of essential tremor: long-term results
Authors: Young Ronald F. , Li Francisco , Vermeulen Sandra , Meier Robert
Published: November 2009

Object

The goal of this report was to describe the safety and effectiveness of nucleus ventralis intermedius (VIM) thalamotomy performed with the Leksell Gamma Knife (GK) for the treatment of essential tremor (ET).

Methods

One hundred seventy-two patients underwent a total of 214 VIM thalamotomy procedures with the Leksell GK between February 1994 and March 2007 for treatment of disabling ET. Eleven patients were lost to follow-up less than 1 year after the procedures, so that in this report the authors describe the results in 161 patients who underwent a total of 203 thalamotomies (119 unilateral and 42 bilateral).

Results

There were statistically significant decreases (p < 0.0001) in tremor scores for both writing and drawing. The mean postoperative follow-up duration for all patients was 44 ± 33 months. Fifty-four patients have been followed for more than 60 months posttreatment. There were 14 patients who suffered neurological side effects that were temporary (6) or permanent (8), which accounted for 6.9% of the 203 treatments. All complications were related to lesions that grew larger than expected.

Conclusions

A VIM thalamotomy with the Leksell GK offers a safe and effective alternative for surgical treatment of ET. It is particularly applicable to patients who are not ideal candidates for deep brain stimulation but can be offered to all patients who are considering surgical intervention for ET.
Transfer of supinator motor branches to the posterior interosseous nerve in C7–T1 brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Bertelli Jayme Augusto , Ghizoni Marcos Flavio
Published: November 2009

Object

In C7–T1 palsies of the brachial plexus, shoulder and elbow function are preserved, but finger motion is absent. Finger flexion has been reconstructed by tendon or nerve transfers. Finger extension has been restored ineffectively by attaching the extensor tendons to the distal aspect of the dorsal radius (termed tenodesis) or by tendon transfers. In these palsies, supinator muscle function is preserved, because innervation stems from the C-6 root. The feasibility of transferring supinator branches to the posterior interosseous nerve has been documented in a previous anatomical study. In this paper, the authors report the clinical results of supinator motor nerve transfer to the posterior interosseous nerve in 4 patients with a C7–T1 root lesion.

Methods

Four adult patients with C7–T1 root lesions underwent surgery between 5 and 7 months postinjury. The patients had preserved motion of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist, but they had complete palsy of finger motion. They underwent finger flexion reconstruction via transfer of the brachialis muscle, and finger and thumb extension were restored by transferring the supinator motor branches to the posterior interosseous nerve. This nerve transfer was performed through an incision over the proximal third of the radius. Dissection was carried out between the extensor carpi radialis brevis and the extensor digitorum communis. The patients were followed up as per regular protocol and underwent a final evaluation 12 months after surgery. To document the extent of recovery, the authors assessed the degree of active metacarpophalangeal joint extension of the long fingers. The thumb span was evaluated by measuring the distance between the thumb pulp and the lateral aspect of the index finger.

Results

Surgery to transfer the supinator motor branches to the posterior interosseous nerve was straightforward. Twelve months after surgery, all patients were capable of opening their hand and could fully extend their metacarpophalangeal joints. The distance of thumb abduction improved from 0 to 5 cm from the lateral aspect of the index finger.

Conclusions

Transferring supinator motor nerves directly to the posterior interosseous nerve is effective in at least partially restoring thumb and finger extension in patients with lower-type injuries of the brachial plexus.
Vaccine therapy with dendritic cells transfected with Il13ra2 mRNA for glioma in mice
Authors: Saka Makoto , Amano Takayuki , Kajiwara Koji , Yoshikawa Koichi , Ideguchi Makoto , Nomura Sadahiro , Fujisawa Hirosuke , Kato Shoichi , Fujii Masami , Ueno Koji , Hinoda Yuji , Suzuki Michiyasu
Published: November 2009

Object

The Il13ra2 gene is often overexpressed in brain tumors, making Il13ra2 one of the vaccine targets for immunotherapy of glioma. In this study, using a mouse glioma model, the authors tested the hypothesis that vaccination using dendritic cells transfected with Il13ra2 mRNA induces strong immunological antitumor effects.

Methods

A plasmid was constructed for transduction of the mRNAs transcribed in vitro into dendritic cells. This was done to transport the intracellular protein efficiently into major histocompatibility complex class II compartments by adding a late endosomal/lysosomal sorting signal to the Il13ra2 gene. The dendritic cells transfected with this Il13ra2 mRNA were injected intraperitoneally into the mouse glioma model at 3 and 10 days after tumor cell implantation. The antitumor effects were estimated based on the survival rate, results of histological analysis, and immunohistochemical findings for immune cells.

Results

The group treated by vaccination therapy with dendritic cells transfected with Il13ra2 mRNA survived significantly longer than did the control groups. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that greater numbers of T lymphocytes containing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were found in the group vaccinated with dendritic cells transfected with Il13ra2 mRNA.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of vaccination with dendritic cells transfected with Il13ra2 mRNA for the treatment of malignant glioma.
Adenosine A2A receptors in early ischemic vascular injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Sehba Fatima A. , Flores Rowena , Muller Artur , Friedrich Victor , Chen Jiang-Fan , Britz Gavin W. , Winn H. Richard , Bederson Joshua B.
Published: November 2009

Object

The role of adenosine A2A receptors in the early vascular response after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is unknown. In other forms of cerebral ischemia both activation and inhibition of A2A receptors is reported to be beneficial. However, these studies mainly used pharmacological receptor modulation, and most of the agents available exhibit low specificity. The authors used adenosine A2A receptor knockout mice to study the role of A2A receptors in the early vascular response to SAH.

Methods

Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced in wild-type mice (C57BL/6) and A2A receptor knockout mice by endovascular puncture. Cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and blood pressure were recorded, and cerebral perfusion pressure was deduced. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, or 6 hours after SAH or sham surgery. Coronal brain sections were immunostained for Type IV collagen, the major protein of the basal lamina. The internal diameter of major cerebral arteries and the area fraction of Type IV collagen–positive microvessels (< 100 μm) were determined.

Results

The initial increase in intracranial pressure and decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure at SAH induction was similar in both types of mice, but cerebral blood flow decline was significantly smaller in A2A receptor knockout mice as compared with wild-type cohorts. The internal diameter of major cerebral vessels decreased progressively after SAH. The extent of diameter reduction was significantly less in A2A receptor knockout mice than in wild-type mice. Type IV collagen immunostaining decreased progressively after SAH. This decrease was significantly less in A2A receptor knockout mice than in wild-type mice.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that global inactivation of A2A receptors decreases the intensity of the early vascular response to SAH. Early inhibition of A2A receptors after SAH might reduce cerebral injury.
The Impact of Rural Political Economy on Gender Relations in Islamizing Hausaland, Nigeria
Authors: Clough Paul
Published: November 2009

This article departs from general anthropological debates about the nature of gender to focus more narrowly on the impact of political economy and religion on gender relations. It explores the dialectic between commodification, Islamic conversion and gender relations in the Hausa hamlet of Marmara, in northern Nigeria. Despite changes in political economy and in religion, there has been great continuity in gender relations. The article ends with a structural comparison between the Hausa of Marmara and the Giriama of Kaloleni (in Kenya). In this comparison, it appears that political economy can be privileged over religion in the understanding of gender. Over the long term, however, a deeper continuity in local moral concepts structures people's very understanding of political economy, religion and gender.
Exergy as a Useful Variable for Quickly Assessing the Theoretical Maximum Power of Salinity Gradient Energy Systems
Authors: Labrecque Raynald
Published: November 2009

It is known that mechanical work, and in turn electricity, can be produced from a difference in the chemical potential that may result from a salinity gradient. Such a gradient may be found, for instance, in an estuary where a stream of soft water is flooding into a sink of salty water which we may find in an ocean, gulf or salt lake. Various technological approaches are proposed for the production of energy from a salinity gradient between a stream of soft water and a source of salty water. Before considering the implementation of a typical technology, it is of utmost importance to be able to compare various technological approaches, on the same basis, using the appropriate variables and mathematical formulations. In this context, exergy balance can become a very useful tool for an easy and quick evaluation of the maximum thermodynamic work that can be produced from energy systems. In this short paper, we briefly introduce the use of exergy for enabling us to easily and quickly assess the theoretical maximum power or ideal reversible work we may expect from typical salinity gradient energy systems.
Statistical Ensemble Theory of Gompertz Growth Model
Authors: Yamano Takuya
Published: November 2009

An ensemble formulation for the Gompertz growth function within the framework of statistical mechanics is presented, where the two growth parameters are assumed to be statistically distributed. The growth can be viewed as a self-referential process, which enables us to use the Bose-Einstein statistics picture. The analytical entropy expression pertain to the law can be obtained in terms of the growth velocity distribution as well as the Gompertz function itself for the whole process.
Energies—A Trans-Disciplinary Journal
Authors: Sciubba Enrico
Published: November 2009

It is customary for a new Editor to address the audience of the Journal he is called to contribute to, to define or redefine its aims and scope and to state or restate its scientific and strategic priorities. In my case, this task is made much easier by the excellent relationship that has been established, in the two months since my nomination, with the Editorial Staff and with the Editorial Board of Energies. [...]
Energy Storage in Bifunctional TiO2 Composite Materials under UV and Visible Light
Authors: Xiong Liangbin , Li Jialin , Yu Ying
Published: November 2009

This paper provides an overview of recent studies on energy storage in bifunctional TiO2 composite materials under UV and visible light. The working mechanism, property improvements and applications of these bifunctional TiO2 composite systems are introduced, respectively. The latest results obtained in our laboratory, especially a new process for photoelectric conversion and energy storage in TiO2/Cu2O bilayer films under visible light, are also presented. Hopefully this review will stimulate more fundamental and applied research on this subject in the future.
Alcohol-Induced Blackout
Authors: Lee Hamin , Roh Sungwon , Kim Dai Jin
Published: November 2009

For a long time, alcohol was thought to exert a general depressant effect on the central nervous system (CNS). However, currently the consensus is that specific regions of the brain are selectively vulnerable to the acute effects of alcohol. An alcohol-induced blackout is the classic example; the subject is temporarily unable to form new long-term memories while relatively maintaining other skills such as talking or even driving. A recent study showed that alcohol can cause retrograde memory impairment, that is, blackouts due to retrieval impairments as well as those due to deficits in encoding. Alcoholic blackouts may be complete (en bloc) or partial (fragmentary) depending on severity of memory impairment. In fragmentary blackouts, cueing often aids recall. Memory impairment during acute intoxication involves dysfunction of episodic memory, a type of memory encoded with spatial and social context. Recent studies have shown that there are multiple memory systems supported by discrete brain regions, and the acute effects of alcohol on learning and memory may result from alteration of the hippocampus and related structures on a cellular level. A rapid increase in blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is most consistently associated with the likelihood of a blackout. However, not all subjects experience blackouts, implying that genetic factors play a role in determining CNS vulnerability to the effects of alcohol. This factor may predispose an individual to alcoholism, as altered memory function during intoxication may affect an individual‟s alcohol expectancy; one may perceive positive aspects of intoxication while unintentionally ignoring the negative aspects. Extensive research on memory and learning as well as findings related to the acute effects of alcohol on the brain may elucidate the mechanisms and impact associated with the alcohol- induced blackout.
Oxidative Neurodegeneration Is Prevented by UCP0045037, an Allosteric Modulator for the Reduced Form of DJ-1, a Wild-Type of Familial Parkinson’s Disease-Linked PARK7
Authors: Yamane Koichiro , Kitamura Yoshihisa , Yanagida Takashi , Takata Kazuyuki , Yanagisawa Daijiro , Taniguchi Takashi , Taira Takahiro , Ariga Hiroyoshi
Published: November 2009

Although a loss-of-function mutation has been identified in familial Parkinson’s disease PARK7, the wild-type of DJ-1 is known to act as an oxidative stress sensor in neuronal cells. Recently, we identified UCP0045037 as a compound that bound to the reduced form of DJ-1 by in silico virtual screening. In this study, we determined the neuroprotective effects of UCP0045037 against focal cerebral ischemia-induced neurodegeneration in rats. Hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death was significantly inhibited by UCP0045037 in both rat mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons and human normal SH-SY5Y cells. In contrast, DJ-1-knockdown SH-SY5Y cells lost the protective activity of UCP0045037. These results suggest that UCP0045037 interacts with endogenous DJ-1 and produces a neuroprotective response.
Two-Stage Fungal Pre-Treatment for Improved Biogas Production from Sisal Leaf Decortication Residues
Authors: Muthangya Mutemi , Manoni Mshandete Anthony , Kajumulo Kivaisi Amelia
Published: November 2009

Sisal leaf decortications residue (SLDR) is amongst the most abundant agroindustrial residues in Tanzania and is a good feedstock for biogas production. Pretreatment of the residue prior to its anaerobic digestion (AD) was investigated using a twostage pre-treatment approach with two fungal strains, CCHT-1 and Trichoderma reesei in succession in anaerobic batch bioreactors. AD of the pre-treated residue with CCTH-1 at 10% (wet weight inoculum/SLDR) inoculum concentration incubated for four days followed by incubation for eight days with 25% (wet weight inoculum/SLDR) of T. reesei gave a methane yield of 0.292 ± 0.04 m3 CH4/kg volatile solids (VS)added. On reversing the pre-treatment succession of the fungal inocula using the same parameters followed by AD, methane yield decreased by about 55%. Generally, an increment in the range of 30–101% in methane yield in comparison to the un-treated SLDR was obtained. The results confirmed the potential of CCHT-1 followed by Trichoderma reesei fungi pre-treatment prior to AD to achieve significant improvement in biogas production from SLDR.
3-Chloro-4-fluoro-N-{[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol- 4-yl]methyl}aniline
Authors: Bawa Sandhya , Ahmad Fasih , Kumar Suresh
Published: November 2009

A direct reductive amination of 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde 2 with 3-chloro-4-flouroaniline using NaBH4/I2 as a reducing agent is described. The reaction was carried out in MeOH under neutral conditions at room temperature to give the secondary amine, 3-chloro-4-fluoro-N-{[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl}aniline (3).
Long-Term Recordings of Multiple, Single-Neurons for Clinical Applications: The Emerging Role of the Bioactive Microelectrode
Authors: Moxon Karen  A. , Hallman Stefanie , Sundarakrishnan Aswin , Wheatley Margaret , Nissanov Jonathan , Barbee Kenneth  A.
Published: November 2009

In 1999 we reported an important demonstration of a working brain-machine interface (BMI), in which recordings from multiple, single neurons in sensorimotor cortical areas of rats were used to directly control a robotic arm to retrieve a water reward. Subsequent studies in monkeys, using a similar approach, demonstrated that primates can use a BMI device to control a cursor on a computer screen and a robotic arm. Recent studies in humans with spinal cord injuries have shown that recordings from multiple, single neurons can be used by the patient to control the cursor on a computer screen. The promise is that one day it will be possible to use these control signals from neurons to reactivate the patient’s own limbs. However, the ability to record from large populations of single neurons for long periods of time has been hampered because either the electrode itself fails or the immunological response in the tissue surrounding the microelectrode produces a glial scar, preventing single-neuron recording. While we have largely solved the problem of mechanical or electrical failure of the electrode itself, much less is known about the long term immunological response to implantation of a microelectrode, its effect on neuronal recordings and, of greatest importance, how it can be reduced to allow long term single neuron recording. This article reviews materials approaches to resolving the glial scar to improve the longevity of recordings. The work to date suggests that approaches utilizing bioactive interventions that attempt to alter the glial response and attract neurons to the recording site are likely to be the most successful. Importantly, measures of the glial scar alone are not sufficient to assess the effect of interventions. It is imperative that recordings of single neurons accompany any study of glial activation because, at this time, we do not know the precise relationship between glial activation and loss of neuronal recordings. Moreover, new approaches to immobilize bioactive molecules on microelectrode surfaces while maintaining their functionality may open new avenues for very long term single neuron recording. Finally, it is important to have quantitative measures of glial upregulation and neuronal activity in order to assess the relationship between the two. These types of studies will help rationalize the study of interventions to improve the longevity of recordings from microelectrodes.
Chemical Constituents from Clematis delavayi var. spinescens
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Si-Feng , Zhao Yan-Li , Liu Ke-Chun , Wang Xi-Min , Yang Yong-Ping , Li Xiao-Li
Published: November 2009

A new coumarin, 7-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-5-methylcoumarin (1), was isolated from the aerial parts of Clematis delavayi var. spinescens together with 17 known compounds. Their structures were identified by extensive spectral analysis, especially 2D NMR techniques. Antiangiogenic effects of all compounds were evaluated using a zebrafish model.
The Effect of Long-Running Severe Selenium-Deficiency on the Amount of Iron and Zinc in the Organs of Rats
Authors: Matsumoto Ken-ichiro , Terada Sachiyo , Ariyoshi Marie , Okajo Aya , Hisamatsu Atsushi , Ui Iori , Endo Kazutoyo
Published: November 2009

The amounts of selenium (Se), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in the liver, kidney, and spleen as a function of age of rats measured using instrumental neutron activation analysis were compared between Se-deficient (SeD) rats and normal rats. The SeD model rats can live for more than 50 weeks. The effect of Se-deficinecy in rats might be weak, compared to the marked malfunction of GSH-Px. The SeD rats can be considered as a model of nonlethal chronic oxidative stress. Fluctuations of Fe and Zn in the liver of Se-deficient rats were observed. The amount of redox-relating minerals, such as Fe and Zn, in SeD rat organs is changeable depending on the age.
In Vitro Antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities of Methanolic Swietenia mahagoni Seed Extracts
Authors: Sahgal Geethaa , Ramanathan Surash , Sasidharan Sreenivasan , Mordi Mohd Nizam , Ismail Sabariah , Mansor Sharif Mahsufi
Published: November 2009

This study examines the in vitro antioxidant activities of the methanol extract of Swietenia mahagoni seeds (SMCM seed extract). The extract was screened for possible antioxidant activities by free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), xanthine oxidase inhibition (XOI), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (HPSA) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined. The extract exhibits antioxidant activity of 23.29% with an IC50 value of 2.3 mg/mL in the DPPH radical scavenging method, 47.2% in the XOI assay, 49.5% by the HPSA method, and 0.728 mmol/Fe(II)g in the FRAP method at the concentration tested. The amount of total phenolics and flavonoid contents was 70.83 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 2.5 ± 0.15 mg of catechin equivalent per gram of dry extract, respectively. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) screening indicates the presence of phenolic compounds in the SMCM seed extract. The results indicate that the extract has both high free radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibition activity. The antioxidant activity of SMCM seed extract is comparable with that of other Malaysian tropical fruits and herbal plants.
A Selective Pharmacophore Model for β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists
Authors: Xing Rui-Juan , Wang Jian , Pan Li , Cheng Mao-Sheng
Published: November 2009

β2-Adrenoceptor selectivity is an important consideration in drug design in order to minimize the possibility of side effects. A selective pharmacophore model was developed based on a series of selective β2-adrenoceptor agonists. The best pharmacophore hypothesis consisted of five chemical features (one hydrogen-bond acceptor, one hydrogen-bond donor, two ring aromatic and one positive ionizable feature). The result was nearly in accordance with the reported interactions between the β2-adrenoceptor and agonists, and it shared enough similar features with the result of field point patterns by FieldTemplater, which mainly validated the pharmacophore model. Moreover, the pharmacophore could predict the selectivity over the β1-adrenoceptor. These results might provide guidance for the rational design of novel potent and selective β2-adrenoceptor agonists.
Asphalted Road Temperature Variations Due to Wind Turbine Cast Shadows
Authors: Arnay Rafael , Acosta Leopoldo , Sigut Marta , Toledo Jonay
Published: November 2009

The contribution of this paper is a technique that in certain circumstances allows one to avoid the removal of dynamic shadows in the visible spectrum making use of images in the infrared spectrum. This technique emerged from a real problem concerning the autonomous navigation of a vehicle in a wind farm. In this environment, the dynamic shadows cast by the wind turbines’ blades make it necessary to include a shadows removal stage in the preprocessing of the visible spectrum images in order to avoid the shadows being misclassified as obstacles. In the thermal images, dynamic shadows completely disappear, something that does not always occur in the visible spectrum, even when the preprocessing is executed. Thus, a fusion on thermal and visible bands is performed.
Resistive Oxygen Sensor Using Ceria-Zirconia Sensor Material and Ceria-Yttria Temperature Compensating Material for Lean-Burn Engine
Authors: Izu Noriya , Nishizaki Sayaka , Shin Woosuck , Itoh Toshio , Nishibori Maiko , Matsubara Ichiro
Published: November 2009

Temperature compensating materials were investigated for a resistive oxygen sensor using Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 as a sensor material for lean-burn engines. The temperature dependence of a temperature compensating material should be the same as the sensor material; therefore, the Y concentration in CeO2-Y2O3 was optimized. The resistance of Ce0.5Y0.5O2-δ was independent of the air-to-fuel ratio (oxygen partial pressure), so that it was confirmed to function as a temperature compensating material. Sensor elements comprised of Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 and Ce0.5Y0.5O2-δ were fabricated and the output was determined to be approximately independent of the temperature in the wide range from 773 to 1,073 K.
Activation and Evasion of Innate Antiviral Immunity by Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: Melchjorsen Jesper , Matikainen Sampsa , Paludan Søren R.
Published: November 2009

Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a human pathogenic virus, has evolved several strategies to evade the production and function of interferons (IFNs) and cytokines generated by the innate immune system to restrict the virus. Equilibrium exists between the virus and the immune response, and a shift in this delicate balance either restricts the virus or enhances virus spread and tissue damage. Therefore, understanding of the cytokine response generated after HSV infection and the underlying virus-cell interactions is essential to improve our understanding of viral pathogenesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on induction and evasion of the innate immune response by HSV.
The Human Cytomegalovirus Major Immediate-Early Proteins as Antagonists of Intrinsic and Innate Antiviral Host Responses
Authors: Paulus Christina , Nevels Michael
Published: November 2009

The major immediate-early (IE) gene of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is believed to have a decisive role in acute infection and its activity is an important indicator of viral reactivation from latency. Although a variety of gene products are expressed from this region, the 72-kDa IE1 and the 86-kDa IE2 nuclear phosphoproteins are the most abundant and important. Both proteins have long been recognized as promiscuous transcriptional regulators. More recently, a critical role of the IE1 and IE2 proteins in counteracting nonadaptive host cell defense mechanisms has been revealed. In this review we will briefly summarize the available literature on IE1- and IE2-dependent mechanisms contributing to CMV evasion from intrinsic and innate immune responses.
The Interaction Between Lentiviral Integrase and LEDGF: Structural and Functional Insights
Authors: Hare Stephen , Cherepanov Peter
Published: November 2009

Since its initial description as an HIV-1 integrase (IN) interactor seven years ago, LEDGF has become one of the best-characterized host factors involved in viral replication. Results of intensive studies in several laboratories indicated that the protein serves as a targeting factor for the lentiviral DNA integration machinery, and accounts for the characteristic preference of Lentivirus to integrate within active transcription units. The IN-LEDGF interaction has been put forward as a promising target for antiretroviral drug development and as a potential tool to improve safety of lentiviral vectors for use in gene therapy. Additionally, as a natural ligand of lentiviral IN proteins, LEDGF has been successfully used in structural biology studies of retroviral DNA integration. This review focuses on the structural aspects of the IN-LEDGF interaction and their functional consequences.
Les marchés mondiaux des produits agricoles sont-ils efficients ?
Authors: Araujo Bonjean Catherine
Published: November 2009

L'objectif de ce travail est de tester à l'aide des instruments nouveaux de l'analyse financière l'hypothèse de marché efficient associée aux modèles de marche aléatoire et de martingale, pour un échantillon de produits agricoles. Les tests mis en œuvre visent à détecter la présence de mémoire longue au sein des séries de prix mondiaux, considérée comme un indicateur d'imperfection des marchés, et à identifier la nature stochastique ou déterministe des processus sous-jacents. Les résultats montrent que la majorité des prix étudiés suit des processus non linéaires stochastiques ou déterministes à mémoire longue incompatibles avec le modèle de marche aléatoire ou de martingale. Il n'existe pas cependant de possibilité de gain systématique par arbitrage sur ces marchés, bien que les prix qui apparaissent engendrés par des processus chaotiques soient potentiellement prédictibles à court terme.
Dynamique non linéaire du marché mondial des huiles et des graisses
Authors: Voituriez Tancrède
Published: November 2009

Nonlinear dynamics in world vegetable oils prices

Price dynamics analysis provides key information on the possible consequences one can expect from the opening up and the liberalization of agricultural markets. The potential role of chaotic dynamics in generating world vegetable oils prices is investigated here with more than 1400 weekly data. The evidence of a pure chaotic determinism cannot be accepted, while the proof of nonlinear dynamics in prices remains strong and casts some doubt on the market's ability to find out its equilibrium position and stabilize by itself.
Estimation des transmissions de prix asymétriques avec des prix intégrés
Authors: Von Cramon-Taubadel Stéphane , Loy Jens Peter
Published: November 2009

La méthode de Wolffram (1971) pour estimer les transmissions asymétriques de prix est très utilisée. Or, celle-ci ne prend pas en compte les propriétés des processus temporels intégrés. Nous démontrons que l'approche de Wolffram n'est pas compatible avec la cointégration entre deux séries de prix. Nous développons une méthode d'estimation alternative des transmissions asymétriques de prix entre prix coin- tégrés. Cette méthode est appliquée à l'analyse de la transmission des prix mondiaux du blé, sur des données à partir desquelles Mohanty, Peterson et Kruse (1996) ont récemment mis en évidence des transmissions asymétriques avec la méthode de Wolffram.
Propriété privée et politique de reboisement Le cas des groupements forestiers
Authors: Marty Pascal
Published: November 2009

Private property and reforestation policy : the forest groupings

Since 1954, forest groupings are observed in the french forests. This collective private property was imposed thanks to very interesting financial conditions. But, during a period of 30 years, these resinous voluntary reforestations will be managed by the forest department of Agricultural Ministry. At the end of this period, the owners groups will encounter problems to manage themselves forest groupings because they were kept out of the practical experience of management. The becoming of these reforestations could take several directions but the change from collective private property to the public forest is not excluded.
Dévaluation et consommation alimentaire en zone franc. Le cas du Burkina Faso
Authors: Deybe Daniel , Robilliard Anne-Sophie
Published: November 2009

La décision de dévaluer le franc CFA en zone franc devait, selon ses promoteurs, engendrer une amélioration de la compétitivité à l'exportation, une baisse des importations et une reprise du développement économique en général, notamment dans le secteur agricole. Cependant, ces effets auraient pu avoir d'importantes conséquences négatives au niveau social, notamment sur la consommation alimentaire. C'est pourquoi le Burkina Faso et d'autres pays ont mis en œuvre des politiques visant à atténuer ces derniers effets. Pour compléter l'évaluation de l'impact de la dévaluation sur les producteurs agricoles ainsi que sur les consommateurs, un modèle sectoriel a été élaboré combinant le comportement des producteurs et celui des consommateurs. Les résultats indiquent que la dévaluation a eu en 1994-1995 un impact positif pour les agriculteurs (notamment de la région ouest). Les consommateurs urbains semblent avoir répondu à l'augmentation de prix par la substitution entre produits (riz par riz/brisures ou mil, etc.). Mais le rééquilibrage de la balance de paiement se fait attendre.
Grande distribution : le paradoxe de l'effet-prix
Authors: Saada Estelle , Valentin Julie
Published: November 2009

Small and big shops :

the paradox of the price-effect

Since 1986, it seems to be obvious that the french governement, wants to protect little shops against the stringent su- permarkets'competition. The aim of this paper is to analyse the perturbations due to the entry of a supermarket on a pure competitive market composed only by little shops. This study provides a conceptual framework to deem not only the prédation but also the price effects of this entry. À paradoxal effect on prices appears. The conclusion suggests the relevant levels of the technological conditions that are necessary to yield positive effects on the social welfare.
Distribution alimentaire et prestation de services logistiques
Authors: Paché Gilles
Published: November 2009

Food retailing and logistical services : the specificities of the french model

For many years, European food retailers have been controlling the logistics channel by setting up or taking over distribution centers whose task it is to supply the stores network in the place of manufacturers and wholesalers. However the present trend is to subcontract the management of operations to such third-party logistics providers as have acquired a sound experience in this field. The latter more and more often offer tailored solutions, rather than standard ones, which exactly meet the requirements of each shipper. The paper focuses on this theme and develops in particular the French system, by showing that it stands apart from the general scheme, owing to the weight of history in the definition of logistical choices. The food retailers having opted for own account distribution, at the very start, find it very difficult to give it up today. Yet when such is the case, the outsourcing process remains marginal and favours a policy of cost reduction.
Mise en évidence de l'instabilité des modèles de réapprovisionnement continu par une analyse dynamique des systèmes logistiques
Authors: Thiel Daniel
Published: November 2009

Cet article se propose d'analyser la dynamique des échanges entre distributeurs et producteurs à partir du nouveau paradigme qu'est l'Efficient Consumer Response (ECR). Plus précisément, différents modes de réapprovisionnement continu des magasins de détail et des entrepôts des distributeurs ont été comparés. Des modèles génériques représentant trois schémas d'organisation logistique ont été simulés. La modélisation s'est fondée sur le paradigme de la dynamique des systèmes de Forrester tout en s'appuyant sur une approche empirique des relations industrie-commerce et sur des publications portant sur l'ECR. Une synthèse finale des résultats de simulation comportementale de ces trois modèles est présentée dans l'objectif de saisir l'intérêt commun qu'ont fournisseurs et distributeurs à essayer de comprendre comment réagir rapidement sur la totalité du pipeline logistique.
La complémentarité entre formes de gouvernance
Authors: Brousseau Eric , Codron Jean-Marie
Published: November 2009

Complementarities among governance structures : supplying supermarkets with off-season fruit

Observed relationships between off-season fruits wholesaler-importers and supermarket retailers show that governance structures are selected not only to minimize transactions costs. « Market» enables the marketing chain to adjust flexibly to the high degree of uncertainty. It also enables buyers to benefit from low purchase prices. However, it fails to elicit satisfactory management of product quality when that requires specific investments. That is the reason for the design of« hybrid forms ». Hybrids, however, do not offer sufficient flexibility. As a result, the wholesaler-importers and supermarket retailers employ both forms of governance, which turn out to be complements rather than substitutes. From a theoretical point of view, our study confirms several william- sonian intuitions. However, it invalidates the idea that choices are made solely on the basis of transaction costs. We show that economic agents evaluate paired «coordination properties/transaction costs», and that discrete forms of governance can be combined to obtain hybrid properties.
Carrefour depuis son introduction en bourse
Authors: Pariente Simon
Published: November 2009

Carrefour since its initial public offering

This study gives informations about Carrefour's results and strategy since the entry of the company in the Stock Exchange (1970). The Carrefour group has become one of the best retailers in the world. An investor who acquired Carrefour stock at the IPO and resold it at the end of 1997 got 24 % per year return. The excellent performance of the French leader, especially since 1992-1993, maybe explained by an exceptional qualitative and quantitative leap in an increasingly internationalized context. The first part of this paper presents the territorial and strategic position of Carrefour as well as the methodology employed to analyze the retailer's financial situation. The second part of the survey justifies the power acquired by Carrefour, measurable by both economic value added and shareholder value.
Aides directes et extensification de la production.
Authors: Colson François , Jacquet Florence , Ridier Aude
Published: November 2009

Un modèle de programmation linéaire est utilisé pour observer les effets de scénarios de découplage des aides de la PAC sur les exploitations de trois éleveurs de bovins des Pays de la Loire (un laitier avec taurillons, un naisseur engraisseur et un engraisseur spécialisé intensif). Le modèle maximise le revenu sous l'action de contraintes techniques et administratives. L'objectif est d'évaluer l'effet du découplage des aides sur les marges de manoeuvre des exploitants et de mesurer leur impact sur l'extensification de la production, dans les différents systèmes étudiés. S'il est possible, globalement, de parler d'effet redistributif des soutiens en faveur des exploitations les plus extensives, la mise en oeuvre de modes de production plus extensifs est subordonnée à une adaptation plus complexe de l'exploitation. L'extensification semble d'autant plus difficile à observer, dans les zones de production intensives des Pays de la Loire, que les potentiels de terre sont élevés et que la concurrence de la production céréalière est forte.
Éléments pour l'évaluation de l'impact des politiques agricoles à l'échelon de deux cantons aquitains
Authors: Loué Sophie , Daucé Pierre , Laplana Ramon
Published: November 2009

Elements for a local evaluation of agricultural policies impacts

Studying the direct farming subsidies provides insight into the relative weight, the respective impacts of the various procedures agricultural policies and the adequacy between these policies and the local requirements. Analysis reveals the significant effects of structural measures, despite the predominance of compensatory subsidies. However, their impact is felt to widely varying degrees, according to whether they involve farm renewal, the adaptation of production factors, system dynamics or income. In other respects, with regard to of the local agriculture, the study highlights some discordance between CAP effects and objects of the structural measures. On another front, the multiplicity of public aids and subsidies induces highly certain and complex management procedures, leading to difficulties in accessing information. Furthermore, this approach demonstrates also the consequences of the distance that separates the levels of management and of the uniformity of the methods of policy implementation opposite the local territorial context.