bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear deterministic reconstruction and prediction of remotely measured ocean surface waves
Authors: Desmars Nicolas , Hartmann Moritz , Behrendt Jasper , Hoffmann Norbert , Klein Marco
Published: November 2023

Algorithms for reconstructing and predicting nonlinear ocean wave fields from remote measurements are presented. Three types of synthetic observations are used to quantify the influence of remote measurement modulation mechanisms on the algorithms’ performance. First, the observations correspond to randomly distributed surface elevations. Then, they are related to a marine radar model – the second type takes the wave shadowing modulation into account whereas the third one also includes the tilt modulation. The observations are numerically generated based on unidirectional waves of various steepness values. Linear and weakly nonlinear prediction algorithms based on analytical models are considered, as well as a highly nonlinear algorithm relying on the high-order spectral (HOS) method. Reconstructing surfaces from shadowed observations is found to have an impact limited to the non-visible regions, while tilt modulation affects the reconstruction more generally due to the indirect, more complex extraction of wave information. It is shown that the accuracy of the surface reconstruction mainly depends on the correct modelling of the wave shape nonlinearities. Modelling the nonlinear correction of the dispersion relation, in particular the frequency-dependent wave phase effects in the case of irregular waves, substantially improves the prediction. The suitability of the algorithms for severe wave conditions in finite depth and using non-perfect observations is assessed through wave tank experiments. It shows that only the third-order HOS solution predicts the right amplitude and phase of an emerging extreme wave, emphasizing the relevance of the corresponding physical modelling.
A near-field treatment of aperture synthesis techniques using the Murchison Widefield Array
Authors: Prabu S. , Tingay S.J. , Williams A.
Published: November 2023

Typical radio interferometer observations are performed assuming the source of radiation to be in the far-field of the instrument, resulting in a two-dimensional Fourier relationship between the observed visibilities in the aperture plane and the sky brightness distribution (over a small field of view). When near-field objects are present in an observation, the standard approach applies far-field delays during correlation, resulting in loss of signal coherence for the signal from the near-field object. In this paper, we demonstrate near-field aperture synthesis techniques using a Murchison Widefield Array observation of the International Space Station (ISS), as it appears as a bright near-field object. We perform visibility phase corrections to restore coherence across the array for the near-field object (however not restoring coherence losses due to time and frequency averaging at the correlator). We illustrate the impact of the near-field corrections in the aperture plane and the sky plane. The aperture plane curves to match the curvature of the near-field wavefront, and in the sky plane near-field corrections manifest as fringe rotations at different rates as we bring the focal point of the array from infinity to the desired near-field distance. We also demonstrate the inverse scenario of inferring the line-of-sight range of the ISS by inverting the apparent curvature of the wavefront seen by the aperture. We conclude the paper by briefly discussing the limitations of the methods developed and the near-field science cases where our approach can be exploited.
On the difference of two fourth powers
Authors: Tho Nguyen Xuan
Published: November 2023

We investigate the equation $D=x^4-y^4$ in field extensions. As an application, for a prime number p, we find solutions to $p=x^4-y^4$ if $p\equiv 11$ (mod 16) and $p^3=x^4-y^4$ if $p\equiv 3$ (mod 16) in all cubic extensions of $\mathbb{Q}(i)$.
24-Hour warning signs for adolescent suicide attempts
Authors: King Cheryl A. , Gipson Allen Polly Y. , Ahamed Sheikh Iqbal , Webb Michael , Casper T. Charles , Brent David , Grupp-Phelan Jacqueline , Rogers T. Alexander , Arango Alejandra , Al-Dajani Nadia , McGuire Taylor C. , Bagge Courtney L.
Published: November 2023

Background

Little is known about when youth may be at greatest risk for attempting suicide, which is critically important information for the parents, caregivers, and professionals who care for youth at risk. This study used adolescent and parent reports, and a case-crossover, within-subject design to identify 24-hour warning signs (WS) for suicide attempts.

Methods

Adolescents (N = 1094, ages 13 to 18) with one or more suicide risk factors were enrolled and invited to complete bi-weekly, 8–10 item text message surveys for 18 months. Adolescents who reported a suicide attempt (survey item) were invited to participate in an interview regarding their thoughts, feelings/emotions, and behaviors/events during the 24-hours prior to their attempt (case period) and a prior 24-hour period (control period). Their parents participated in an interview regarding the adolescents’ behaviors/events during these same periods. Adolescent or adolescent and parent interviews were completed for 105 adolescents (81.9% female; 66.7% White, 19.0% Black, 14.3% other).

Results

Both parent and adolescent reports of suicidal communications and withdrawal from social and other activities differentiated case and control periods. Adolescent reports also identified feelings (self-hate, emotional pain, rush of feelings, lower levels of rage toward others), cognitions (suicidal rumination, perceived burdensomeness, anger/hostility), and serious conflict with parents as WS in multi-variable models.

Conclusions

This study identified 24-hour WS in the domains of cognitions, feelings, and behaviors/events, providing an evidence base for the dissemination of information about signs of proximal risk for adolescent suicide attempts.
Metternich's League to Preserve Peace and the Conservative Elites’ Doubts about the Functionality of the Post-Napoleonic Order
Authors: Šedivý Miroslav
Published: November 2023

Before 1848 not merely democrats and liberals criticized the post-Napoleonic order for their growing mistrust of its ability to protect the sovereignty of smaller countries and preserve the general peace. The predominantly conservative ruling elite, namely rulers, statesmen, and diplomats, raised the same criticism when the law-breaking and abuse of power made them similarly mistrustful of the state of European politics during the 1830s and 1840s. This became true even for some of the order's authors like Austrian chancellor Metternich who serves as a prominent example of this mistrust with his project of a league to preserve peace in Europe in August 1840. Metternich, who helped to create this order in 1815, found it defective and in need of improvement only a quarter of a century later. He certainly did not want to create a completely new international order and law of nations as some liberals and democrats desired at that time, but his idea was still, in a certain sense, revolutionary since its realization would have fundamentally modified the pillars on which the order had been founded at the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
Coping with international politics: A case study of Hong Kong
Authors: Kaeding Malte Philipp , Wang-Kaeding Heidi
Published: November 2023

The way that leaders and citizens cope with stress is under-theorised in the study of International Relations (IR). This article anchors psychological studies on coping to the literature theorising emotions in IR to clarify two unaddressed questions: (1) how do political actors – individuals and collectives – cope with both sudden crises and long-term change?; and (2) in the context of international politics, whose coping matters, and under what conditions? Our coping framework demonstrates that intersubjective appraisal of urgency from everyday stressors triggers a process that elevates individual coping to the collective level. Circulation of coping responses, a key but neglected process of scaling up, binds individuals to affective communities. Our theoretical contribution is an innovative coping framework to explore how individual pursuit of well-being is transformed into collective agency. The methodological novelty is the triangulation of emotional representation with survey data and in-depth interviews to capture the circulation of coping responses. We illustrate our conceptual framework with the overlooked case of Hong Kong. Our findings suggest coping constitutes conditions of political possibilities, in that individual Hong Kongers’ efforts to sustain emotional well-being are aggregated to create momentum for a state-building project unexpected by the former British colonisers or the Chinese Communist Party.
Towards a post-imperial and Global IR?: Revisiting Khatami’s Dialogue among Civilisations
Authors: Holliday Shabnam , Wastnidge Edward
Published: November 2023

This article argues that Dialogue among Civilisations can be put forward as a crucial contribution to debates addressing IR’s Eurocentrism. It highlights the blurring of West/non-West, domestic/international, and imperial/post-imperial bifurcations. This is evident in three ways. First, Dialogue among Civilisations needs to be appreciated in Iran’s wider historical context and its multifaceted intellectual heritages. This demonstrates that the idea of the West as distinctly different from the East is problematic because of engagement between Iran and the so-called West. Second, Khatami’s intellectual endeavours are based on a simultaneous engagement with Western political thought, Islamic philosophy, and the idea of Ancient Iran. Finally, the notion itself reflects an internal dialogue whereby Western civilisation along with Islam and Iran’s pre-Islamic heritages are considered integral to Iranian political culture. Furthermore, it is an aspiration for how post-colonial Muslim societies can engage with colonial power while maintaining a post-colonial authenticity. Our contention is that an in-depth understanding of Iran alongside a revisiting of Khatami’s Dialogue among Civilisations can act as a means of bringing the perspective of the ‘other’ into debates on the international and our epistemological and ontological understanding of the West.
Letters of challenge: displayed writing, urban public space and honour culture in seventeenth-century Madrid
Authors: Llanes Parra Blanca
Published: November 2023

Focusing on seventeenth-century Madrid, this article explores the interplay between urban public space and a specific type of written defamatory statements, the carteles de desafío or letters of challenge, with the aim of examining the implications of this interaction. Letters of challenge were primarily conceived as a communication tool between the participants in duels and challenges. Displayed in public spaces, they could take on new meanings and even replace the combat itself, while at the same time perpetuating the values of a male honour culture that encouraged the use of violence among large sectors of society to settle disputes.
Revolutionising food advertising monitoring: a machine learning-based method for automated classification of food videos
Authors: Rodrigues Michele Bittencourt , Ferreira Victória Pedrazzoli , Claro Rafael Moreira , Martins Ana Paula Bortoletto , Avila Sandra , Horta Paula Martins
Published: November 2023

Objective:

Food advertising is an important determinant of unhealthy eating. However, analysing a large number of advertisements (ads) to distinguish between food and non-food content is a challenging task. This study aims to develop a machine learning-based method to automatically identify and classify food and non-food ad videos.

Design:

Methodological study to develop an algorithm model that prioritises both accuracy and efficiency in monitoring and classifying advertising videos.

Setting:

From a collection of Brazilian television (TV) ads data, we created a database and split it into three sub-databases (i.e. training, validation and test) by extracting frames from ads. Subsequently, the training database was classified using the EfficientNet neural network. The best models and data-balancing strategies were investigated using the validation database. Finally, the test database was used to apply the best model and strategy, and results were verified with field experts.

Participants:

The study used 2124 recorded Brazilian TV programming hours from 2018 to 2020. It included 703 food ads and over 20 000 non-food ads, following the protocol developed by the INFORMAS network for monitoring food marketing on TV.

Results:

The results showed that the EfficientNet neural network associated with the balanced batches strategy achieved an overall accuracy of 90·5 % on the test database, which represents a reduction of 99·9 % of the time spent on identifying and classifying ads.

Conclusions:

The method studied represents a promising approach for differentiating food and non-food-related video within monitoring food marketing, which has significant practical implications for researchers, public health policymakers, and regulatory bodies.
Reiterating Hierarchy and the Failed Promise of the Global
Authors: BURNS CHELSEA
Published: November 2023

The idea of global modernisms rests upon freighted power relationships. Far from decolonizing, this concept reinscribes values of Euro- and US-centric discourses. This article addresses the inherent friction of global musical modernisms through Carlos Chávez's 1940 composition La paloma azul, written for concerts at New York's Museum of Modern Art. Tasked with appealing to a US audience, Chávez created work that participates in modernism's hierarchical frame, where Mexico provides exotic fantasy for bourgeois New Yorkers.

Chávez was not alone in having been positioned as ‘modernism's shadow’ – the negative counterexample that confirms modernism's progressive image. Global musical modernism suggests that modernism can shed its exclusionary identity and encompass more. But it hides how modernism has always been international, and how composers such as Chávez have been central to its construction. By ignoring modernism's historical realities, global musical modernism shores up existing understandings and maintains the marginal status of whatever is categorized as ‘global’.
A Patchwork Quilt
Authors: Leshem Edna , Harel Dovrat
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This paper presents a qualitative case study of a drama-therapy group for older adults at an adult daycare center in Israel. It explores the therapeutic processes in the group in terms of drama therapy and positive aging theory. The group included 12 participants between the ages of 70 and 90, who met for 10 months for 2-hour weekly sessions with a drama therapist (the first author). We used the therapist’s records as data and qualitatively analyzed them. The analysis revealed three main themes: (a) movement arousing memories inherent in the body; (b) the contribution of music to autobiographical memory; (c) transformation and change in the life story through dramatic resonances. These findings shed light on the contribution of drama therapy to support older adults at varied functioning and cognitive levels, and to promote positive aging.
Wirksamkeit multimodaler Interventionen bei Vorschulkindern mit Verhaltensproblemen
Authors: Rathgeber Helen , Hanisch Charlotte
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung: Diese systematische Übersichtsarbeit evaluiert die Wirksamkeit multimodaler Interventionen bei Vorschulkindern mit Verhaltensproblemen. 22 Studien wurden eingeschlossen. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse weisen auf eine Überlegenheit von Maßnahmen hin, die mehrere Interventionsebenen kombinieren, um Schulbereitschaft zu steigern und Problemverhalten zu reduzieren. Die berichteten Effektstärken variieren im Urteil der Eltern und pädagogischen Fachkräfte für die verschiedenen Outcome-Maße von klein bis groß.
What Is the Role of Sustained Visual Attention in the Maintenance of Postural Control in Young Adults?
Authors: Terry Mallory E. , Shulman David , Vallis Lori Ann
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Dual tasks requiring sustained visual attention and upright stance are common, yet their impact on standing balance is not well understood. We investigated the role of visual attention in the maintenance of postural control, using the multiple-object tracking (MOT) task. Healthy young adults ( n = 12) performed the MOT task at three object movement speeds while seated or standing. MOT performance was assessed using tracking capacity ( k). Metrics calculated to assess mediolateral (ML) and anterior–posterior (AP) postural control included: maximum difference between CoM and CoP position (CoM–CoP Max), root mean square distance for center of pressure and center of mass position (CoP and CoM RMS distance), and correlation between CoM and CoP time series signals (CoM/CoP correlation). As predicted, k decreased significantly as object movement speed increased for both standing and seated conditions. Object movement speed also significantly affected AP CoM–CoP Max in seated conditions ( p = .021) and AP CoM/CoP correlation for standing conditions ( p = .002). The results demonstrate utility of the MOT task in understanding the role of visual attention in postural control, even though healthy young adults were able to compensate for the addition of a sustained visual attention task, with minimal deficits to postural control.
How Llama Poop Is Helping an Andean Community Adapt to Melting Glaciers
Authors: Moutinho Sofia
Published: November 2023

Reintroducing these animals can enrich barren soils and potentially reduce water contamination, a study shows.
An Assessment of CO2 Uptake in the Arctic Ocean From 1985 to 2018
Authors: Yasunaka Sayaka , Manizza Manfredi , Terhaar Jens , Olsen Are , Yamaguchi Ryohei , Landschützer Peter , Watanabe Eiji , Carroll Dustin , Adiwira Hanani , Müller Jens Daniel , Hauck Judith
Published: November 2023

As a contribution to the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes phase 2 (RECCAP2) project, we present synthesized estimates of Arctic Ocean sea‐air CO2 fluxes and their uncertainties from surface ocean pCO2‐observation products, ocean biogeochemical hindcast and data assimilation models, and atmospheric inversions. For the period of 1985–2018, the Arctic Ocean was a net sink of CO2 of 116 ± 4 TgC yr−1 in the pCO2 products, 92 ± 30 TgC yr−1 in the models, and 91 ± 21 TgC yr−1 in the atmospheric inversions. The CO2 uptake peaks in late summer and early autumn, and is low in winter when sea ice inhibits sea‐air fluxes. The long‐term mean CO2 uptake in the Arctic Ocean is primarily caused by steady‐state fluxes of natural carbon (70% ± 15%), and enhanced by the atmospheric CO2 increase (19% ± 5%) and climate change (11% ± 18%). The annual mean CO2 uptake increased from 1985 to 2018 at a rate of 31 ± 13 TgC yr−1 dec−1 in the pCO2 products, 10 ± 4 TgC yr−1 dec−1 in the models, and 32 ± 16 TgC yr−1 dec−1 in the atmospheric inversions. Moreover, 77% ± 38% of the trend in the net CO2 uptake over time is caused by climate change, primarily due to rapid sea ice loss in recent years. Furthermore, true uncertainties may be larger than the given ensemble standard deviations due to common structural biases across all individual estimates.
Tropical Cyclones Related Wind Power on Oceanic Near‐Inertial Oscillations
Authors: Lin Sheng , Wang Yuntao , Zhang Wen‐Zhou , Ni Qin‐Biao , Chai Fei
Published: November 2023

Wind power input to oceanic near‐inertial oscillations (NIOs) plays a crucial role in sustaining the global ocean conveyor belt. However, the impact of tropical cyclones (TCs) on wind power input to NIOs, despite being the most vigorous atmospheric dynamics capable of exciting NIOs, is often overlooked in global estimations due to their transient nature and a lack of observations. Utilizing hourly wind and ocean current records, we quantified the wind power on NIOs induced by TCs from 1990 to 2019. Our findings reveal that the wind power on NIOs due to TCs is estimated to be between 0.028 and 0.065 TW, which accounts for a significant proportion, that is, 8%–17%, of that over the globe. This study highlights the importance of incorporating the wind power induced by TCs when estimating the global wind power on NIOs, as its impact is non‐negligible. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the global energy balance by improving the estimation of wind power on NIOs.
Ice Supersaturation Variability in Cirrus Clouds: Role of Vertical Wind Speeds and Deposition Coefficients
Authors: Kärcher B. , Jensen E. J. , Pokrifka G. F. , Harrington J. Y.
Published: November 2023

Aircraft measurements reveal ice supersaturation statistics in cirrus (ISSs) with broad maxima around ice saturation and pronounced variance. In this study, processes shaping ISSs in midlatitude and tropical upper tropospheric conditions are systematically investigated. Water vapor deposition and sublimation of size‐resolved ice crystal populations are simulated in an air parcel framework. Mesoscale temperature fluctuations (MTFs) due to gravity waves force the temporal evolution of supersaturation. Various levels of background wave forcing and cirrus thickness are distinguished in stochastic ensemble simulations. Kinetic limitations to ice mass growth are brought about by supersaturation‐dependent deposition coefficients that represent efficient and inefficient growth modes as a function of ice crystal size. The simulations identify a wide range of deposition coefficients in cirrus, but most values stay above 0.01 such that kinetic limitations to water uptake remain moderate. Supersaturation quenching times are long, typically 0.5–2 hr. The wave forcing thus causes a remarkably large variability in ISSs and cirrus microphysical properties except in the thickest cirrus, producing ensemble‐mean ISSs in line with in‐situ measurements. ISS variance is controlled by MTFs and increases with decreasing cirrus integral radii. In comparison, the impact of ice crystal growth rates on ISSs is small. These results contribute to efforts directed at identifying and solving issues associated with ice‐supersaturated areas and non‐equilibrium cirrus physics in global models.
High Concentration of Atmospheric Sub‐3 nm Particles in Polluted Environment of Eastern China: New Particle Formation and Traffic Emission
Authors: Chen Liangduo , Qi Ximeng , Niu Guangdong , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Chong , Lai Shiyi , Liu Yuliang , Nie Wei , Yan Chao , Wang Jiaping , Chi Xuguang , Paasonen Pauli , Hussein Tareq , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Kerminen Veli‐Matti , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Ding Aijun
Published: November 2023

Observations of atmospheric sub‐3 nm particles are essential for understanding the initial stages of new particle formation (NPF) and the origin of aerosol particles. In this study, 3 years (2018–2020) of measurements of sub‐3 nm particles were conducted in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of eastern China. High concentrations of sub‐3 nm particles were observed, with number concentration in the range from 103 to 106 cm−3. During the daytime, the sub‐3 nm particle concentration was found to peak at around the noon, indicating strong photochemical nucleation processes. The formation rates of sub‐3 nm particles were high during the NPF event days, with an average value of 86 cm−3 s−1, and this rate was related to the sulfuric acid (SA) concentration. The particle growth rates below 3 nm were about 1–2 nm h−1, much lower than the growth rates of larger particles. At nighttime, sub‐3 nm particle concentrations remained relatively high (3 × 103 to 1.2 × 104 cm−3) and were related to the NOx concentration, suggesting traffic emission to be a significant source. The sub‐3 nm proxy was developed to estimate the contributions of NPF and traffic emission. During the daytime, 74.8% and 12.4% of the sub‐3 nm particles were estimated to originate from SA‐driven NPF and traffic emissions, respectively. However, other sources were estimated to contribute 61.8% of sub‐3 nm particles at nighttime, suggesting the formation mechanisms of sub‐3 nm particles are still unclear in this environment. Our study sheds more light on the characteristics and sources of sub‐3 nm particles in polluted environments.
Assessing for prenatal risk factors associated with infant neurologic morbidity using a multivariate analysis
Authors: Jain Samhita , Oltman Scott , Rogers Elizabeth , Ryckman Kelli , Petersen Mark , Baer Rebecca J. , Rand Larry , Piao Xianhua , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura
Published: November 2023

Objective

To characterize the biochemical and demographic profiles of pregnant people with maternal immune activation (MIA) and identify the prenatal characteristics associated with neurologic morbidity in offspring.

Study design

This was a retrospective cohort study of 602 mother-infant dyads with births between 2009 and 2010 in California. Multivariable logistic regression was used to build a MIA vulnerability profile including mid-pregnancy biochemical markers and maternal demographic characteristics, and its relationship with infant neurologic morbidity was examined.

Results

Of the 602 mother-infant dyads, 80 mothers and 61 infants had diagnoses suggestive of MIA and neurologic morbidity, respectively. Our model, including two demographic and seven biochemical characteristics, identified mothers with MIA with good performance (AUC:0.814; 95% CI:0.7–0.8). Three demographic and five inflammatory markers together identified 80% of infants with neurological morbidity (AUC:0.802, 95% CI:0.7–0.8).

Conclusion

Inflammatory environment in mothers with pre-existing risk factors like obesity, poverty, and prematurity renders offspring more susceptible to neurologic morbidities.
LncRNA MIR31HG fosters stemness malignant features of non-small cell lung cancer via H3K4me1- and H3K27Ace-mediated GLI2 expression
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Wang Fei , Yu Xinyuan , Qi Jingjing , Dong Hongliang , Cui Bingjie , Zhang Qian , Wu Yan , An Jiajia , Ni Na , Liu Cuilan , Han Yuchen , Zhang Shuo , Schmitt Clemens A. , Deng Jiong , Yu Yong , Du Jing
Published: November 2023

Non-coding RNAs are responsible for oncogenesis and the development of stemness features, including multidrug resistance and metastasis, in various cancers. Expression of lncRNA MIR31HG in lung cancer tissues and peripheral sera of lung cancer patients were remarkably higher than that of healthy individuals and indicated a poor prognosis. Functional analysis showed that MIR31HG fosters stemness-associated malignant features of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that MIR31HG modulated GLI2 expression via WDR5/MLL3/P300 complex-mediated H3K4me and H3K27Ace modification. In vivo MIR31HG repression with an antisense oligonucleotide attenuated tumor growth and distal organ metastasis, whereas MIR31HG promotion remarkably encouraged cellular invasion in lung and liver tissues. Our data suggested that MIR31HG is a potential diagnostic indicator and druggable therapeutic target to facilitate multiple strategic treatments for lung cancer patients.
Prevalence of medical emergency events in primary dental care within the UK
Authors: Sin Melissa , Edwards David , Currie Charlotte , Corbett Ian
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction Dental professionals have an ethical and legal obligation to diagnose and manage medical emergencies which may occur in primary dental care.

Aims and objectives To investigate the prevalence of medical emergencies in UK primary dental care and explore the medical emergency training needs of UK primary dental care professionals.

Design and setting Cross-sectional survey, targeting dentists, dental hygienists and dental therapists across the UK working within primary dental care.

Materials and methods An online survey was distributed via dental society mailing lists, social media groups and a dental conference. The questionnaire consisted of participants demographics and training in, prevalence of and confidence surrounding medical emergencies.

Results Respondents (n = 400) were dentists (55.8%), dental hygienists/therapists (38.8%) and specialists (5.5%). Most participants received basic life support training (62%) in 2019, before COVID-19. The most common medical emergencies were syncope, non-specific collapse and hypoglycaemia, being encountered every 1.59, 1.64 and 8.26 years, respectively. The preferred method for medical emergency training was practical based, with more training in administering emergency drugs and equipment identified as a training need.

Conclusion Dental professionals will encounter medical emergencies in primary dental care every 1-2 years and are therefore not uncommon.
Boosting cytotoxicity of adoptive allogeneic NK cell therapy with an oncolytic adenovirus encoding a human vIL-2 cytokine for the treatment of human ovarian cancer
Authors: Quixabeira D. C. A. , Pakola S. , Jirovec E. , Havunen R. , Basnet S. , Santos J. M. , Kudling T. V. , Clubb J. H. A. , Haybout L. , Arias V. , Grönberg-Vähä-Koskela S. , Cervera-Carrascon V. , Kerkelä E. , Pasanen A. , Anttila M. , Tapper J. , Kanerva A. , Hemminki A.
Published: November 2023

Despite good results in the treatment of hematological malignancies, Natural killer (NK) cells have shown limited effectiveness in solid tumors, such as ovarian cancer (OvCa). Here, we assessed the potential of an oncolytic adenovirus expressing a variant interleukin-2 (vIL-2) cytokine, Ad5/3-E2F-d24-vIL2 (vIL-2 virus), also known as TILT-452, to enhance NK cell therapy efficacy in human OvCa ex vivo. Human OvCa surgical specimens were processed into single-cell suspensions and NK cells were expanded from healthy blood donors. OvCa sample digests were co-cultured ex vivo with NK cells and vIL-2 virus and cancer cell killing potential assessed in real time through cell impedance measurement. Proposed therapeutic combination was evaluated in vivo with an OvCa patient-derived xenograft (PDX) in mice. Addition of vIL-2 virus significantly enhanced NK cell therapy killing potential in treated OvCa co-cultures. Similarly, vIL-2 virus in combination with NK cell therapy promoted the best in vivo OvCa tumor control. Mechanistically, vIL-2 virus induced higher percentages of granzyme B in NK cells, and CD8+ T cells, while T regulatory cell proportions remained comparable to NK cell monotherapy in vivo. Ad5/3-E2F-d24-vIL2 virus treatment represents a promising strategy to boost adoptive NK cell therapeutic effect in human OvCa.
SIRT1 inhibits mitochondrial hyperfusion associated mito-bulb formation to sensitize oral cancer cells for apoptosis in a mtROS-dependent signalling pathway
Authors: Patra Srimanta , Singh Amruta , Praharaj Prakash P. , Mohanta Nitish K. , Jena Mrutyunjay , Patro Birija S. , Abusharha Ali , Patil Shankargouda , Bhutia Sujit K.
Published: November 2023

SIRT1 (NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1), a class III histone deacetylase acting as a tumor suppressor gene, is downregulated in oral cancer cells. Non-apoptotic doses of cisplatin (CDDP) downregulate SIRT1 expression advocating the mechanism of drug resistance. SIRT1 downregulation orchestrates inhibition of DNM1L-mediated mitochondrial fission, subsequently leading to the formation of hyperfused mitochondrial networks. The hyperfused mitochondrial networks preserve the release of cytochrome C (CYCS) by stabilizing the mitochondrial inner membrane cristae (formation of mitochondrial nucleoid clustering mimicking mito-bulb like structures) and reducing the generation of mitochondrial superoxide to inhibit apoptosis. Overexpression of SIRT1 reverses the mitochondrial hyperfusion by initiating DNM1L-regulated mitochondrial fission. In the overexpressed cells, inhibition of mitochondrial hyperfusion and nucleoid clustering (mito-bulbs) facilitates the cytoplasmic release of CYCS along with an enhanced generation of mitochondrial superoxide for the subsequent induction of apoptosis. Further, low-dose priming with gallic acid (GA), a bio-active SIRT1 activator, nullifies CDDP-mediated apoptosis inhibition by suppressing mitochondrial hyperfusion. In this setting, SIRT1 knockdown hinders apoptosis activation in GA-primed oral cancer cells. Similarly, SIRT1 overexpression in the CDDP resistance oral cancer-derived polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) re-sensitizes the cells to apoptosis. Interestingly, synergistically treated with CDDP, GA induces apoptosis in the PGCCs by inhibiting mitochondrial hyperfusion.
Electronic landscape of kagome superconductors AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Hu Yong , Wu Xianxin , Schnyder Andreas P. , Shi Ming
Published: November 2023

The recently discovered layered kagome superconductors AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) have garnered significant attention, as they exhibit an intriguing combination of superconductivity, charge density wave (CDW) order, and nontrivial band topology. As such, these kagome systems serve as an exceptional quantum platform for investigating the intricate interplay between electron correlation effects, geometric frustration, and topological electronic structure. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying electronic structure is crucial for unveiling the nature and origin of the CDW order, as well as determining the electron pairing symmetry in the kagome superconductors. In this review, we present a concise survey of the electronic properties of AV3Sb5, with a particular focus on the insights derived from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Through the lens of ARPES, we shed light on the electronic characteristics of the kagome superconductors AV3Sb5, which will pave the way for exciting new research frontiers in kagome-related physics.
MMLKG: Knowledge Graph for Mathematical Definitions, Statements and Proofs
Authors: Tomaszuk Dominik , Szeremeta Łukasz , Korniłowicz Artur
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are important and developing in different areas. However, there is a lack of genuinely interoperable datasets representing mathematics that allow for information exchange between datasets in the Web ecosystem. In this paper, we address this matter based on the Mizar Mathematical Library (MML), a collection of articles written in the Mizar language. MML includes definitions and theorems with proofs to which authors can easily refer from newly written Mizar articles. However, extracting information directly from Mizar scripts by external projects is not very straightforward. Therefore, we propose a new data storage and retrieval approach based on the Knowledge Organization System (KOS) model and the KG concept that provides a way to organize and access knowledge. We present Mizar Mathematical Library Knowledge Graph (MMLKG), a thesaurus for describing mathematical objects. MMLKG supports semantic interoperability and allows linking data from different sources, e.g., Wikidata. Moreover, it satisfies the FAIR data principles. The data is publicly available via a Cypher endpoint.
A dataset of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids diversity in foods
Authors: An Na , Wang Yu , He Dong-Xiao , Mei Peng-Cheng , Zhu Quan-Fei , Feng Yu-Qi
Published: November 2023

Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are a class of bioactive lipids that show therapeutic potential for diabetes, anti-cancer and inflammation. These FAHFAs can be obtained through dietary intake, potentially improving human health. However, there is currently inadequate knowledge regarding the presence and variety of FAHFAs in different foods. Herein, we profile FAHFAs from 12 typical food samples and 4 medicinal food samples with the aid of our previous established chemical isotope labeling-assisted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method and build a comprehensive dataset of FAHFA diversity. The dataset comprised a total of 1207 regioisomers belonging to 298 different families, with over 100 families being newly discovered for the first time. Therefore, our findings contribute valuable insights into the molecular diversity and presence of FAHFA in a range of foods. This dataset serves as a foundation for further exploration of the nutritional and medicinal functions of FAHFAs.
Adsorption characteristics of nickel (II) from aqueous solutions by Zeolite Scony Mobile-5 (ZSM-5) incorporated in sodium alginate beads
Authors: Hellal Mohamed S. , Rashad Ahmed M. , Kadimpati Kishore K. , Attia Sayed K. , Fawzy Mariam E.
Published: November 2023

Nickel, a prevalent metal in the ecosystem, is released into the environment through various anthropogenic activities, leading to adverse effects. This research explored utilizing zeolite scony mobile-5 (ZSM-5) nanoparticles encapsulated in sodium alginate (SA) for nickel (II) removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorption characteristics of SA/ZSM-5 were examined concerning contact duration, initial metal ion concentration, pH level, temperature, and sorbent dosage. The findings revealed that a rising pH reduced Ni (II) uptake by the sorbent while increasing the Ni (II) concentration from 25 to 100 mg L−1 led to a decrease in removal percentage from 91 to 80% under optimal conditions. Furthermore, as sorbent dosage increased from 4 to 16 g L−1, uptake capacity declined from 9.972 to 1.55 mg g−1. Concurrently, SA/ZSM-5 beads' Ni (II) sorption capacity decreased from 96.12 to 59.14% with a temperature increase ranging from 25 to 55 °C. The Ni (II) sorption data on SA/ZSM-5 beads are aptly represented by Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium isotherm models. Moreover, a second-order kinetic model characterizes the adsorption kinetics of Ni (II) on the SA/ZSM-5 beads. A negative free energy change (ΔG°) demonstrates that the process is both viable and spontaneous. The negative enthalpy values indicate an exothermic nature at the solid–liquid interface while negative entropy values suggest a decrease in randomness. In conclusion, this novel adsorbent exhibits promise for removing nickel from aqueous solutions and could potentially be employed in small-scale industries under similar conditions.
Risk prediction of inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy using machine learning
Authors: Tateishi Ryo , Suzuki Makoto , Shimizu Masato , Shimada Hiroshi , Tsunoda Takahiro , Miyazaki Hiroko , Misu Yoshiki , Yamakami Yosuke , Yamaguchi Masao , Kato Nobutaka , Isshiki Ami , Kimura Shigeki , Fujii Hiroyuki , Nishizaki Mitsuhiro , Sasano Tetsuo
Published: November 2023

We aimed to develop machine learning-based predictive models for identifying inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy. Our study included 182 consecutive cases (average age 62.2 ± 4.5 years, 169 men) and employed 14 non-deep learning models for prediction (hold-out method). These models utilized selected electrocardiogram parameters and clinical features collected after ICD implantation. From the feature importance analysis of the best ML model, we established easily calculable scores. Among the patients, 25 (13.7%) experienced inappropriate therapy, and we identified 16 significant predictors. Using recursive feature elimination with cross-validation, we reduced the features to six with high feature importance: history of atrial arrhythmia (Atr-arrhythm), ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), absence of diabetes mellitus (DM), lack of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), V3 ST level at J point (V3 STJ), and V5 R-wave amplitudes (V5R amp). The extra-trees classifier yielded the highest area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC; 0.869 on test data). Thus, the Cardi35 score was defined as [+ 5.5*Atr-arrhythm − 1.5*CRT + 1.0*V3STJ + 1.0*V5R − 1.0*ICM − 0.5*DM], which demonstrated a hazard ratio of 1.62 (P < 0.001). A cut-off value of the score + 5.5 showed high AUROC (0.826). The ML approach can yield a robust prediction model, and the Cardi35 score was a convenient predictor for inappropriate therapy.
Optimizing thermoelectric performance of carbon-doped h-BN monolayers through tuning carrier concentrations and magnetic field
Authors: Behzad Somayeh , Chegel Raad
Published: November 2023

The thermoelectric properties of carbon-doped monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) are studied using a tight-binding model employing Green function approach and the Kubo formalism. Accurate tight-binding parameters are obtained to achieve excellent fitting with Density Functional Theory results for doped h-BN structures with impurity type and concentration. The influence of carbon doping on the electronic properties, electrical conductivity, and heat capacity of h-BN is studied, especially under an applied magnetic field. Electronic properties are significantly altered by doping type, concentration, and magnetic field due to subband splitting, merging of adjacent subbands, and band gap reduction. These modifications influence the number, location, and magnitude of DOS peaks, generating extra peaks inside the band gap region. Heat capacity displays pronounced dependence on both magnetic field and impurity concentration, exhibiting higher intensity at lower dopant levels. Electrical conductivity is increased by double carbon doping compared to single doping, but is reduced at high magnetic fields because of high carrier scattering. The electronic figure of merit ZT increases with lower impurity concentration and is higher for CB versus CN doping at a given field strength. The power factor can be improved by increasing magnetic field and decreasing doping concentration. In summary, controlling doping and magnetic field demonstrates the ability to effectively engineer the thermoelectric properties of monolayer h-BN.
Energy transfer through third‐grade fluid flow across an inclined stretching sheet subject to thermal radiation and Lorentz force
Authors: Hamad Najiba Hasan , Bilal Muhammad , Ali Aatif , Eldin Sayed M. , Sharaf Mohamed , Rahman Mati Ur
Published: November 2023

The heat and mass transfer through the third grade fluid (TGF) flow over an inclined elongating sheet with the consequences of magnetic field and chemical reaction is reported. The impact of activation energy, heat source/sink, and thermal radiation is considered on the TGF flow. Fluid that demonstrate non-Newtonian (NN) properties such as shear thickening, shear thinning, and normal stresses despite the fact that the boundary is inflexible is known as TGF. It also has viscous elastic fluid properties. In the proposed model, the TGF model is designed in form of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations (PDEs). Before employing the numerical package bvp4c, the system of coupled equations are reduced into non-dimensional form. The finite-difference code bvp4c, in particular, executes the Lobatto three-stage IIIa formula. The impacts of flow constraints on velocity field, energy profile, Nusselt number and skin friction are displayed through Tables and Figures. For validity of the results, the numerical comparison with the published study is performed through Table. From graphical results, it can be perceived that the fluid velocity enriches with the variation of TGF factor and Richardson number. The heat source parameter operational as a heating mediator for the flow system, its influence enhances the fluid temperature.
Evaluation of the efficacy of Biejia decoction pill combined with entecavir in the treatment of hepatitis B liver fibrosis/cirrhosis by VCTE
Authors: Wan Lijun , Hu Chungen , Wang Fenfen , Xu Kedong , Li Fan , He Bo , Wu Zhengqiang , Luo Linfei , Wen Zhili
Published: November 2023

The vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) technique was used to assess the effectiveness of a Biejia Decoction pill in combination with Entecavir in the treatment of hepatitis B liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. We randomly selected 120 patients to receive entecavir and 119 patients to receive both entecavir and Biejia Decoction Pill, which both with hepatitis B liver fibrosis/cirrhosis visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between January 2019 and February 2022. The observation group got ETV (entecavir) and Biejia Decoction pills, whereas the control group received only standard ETV antiviral medication. Based on the grading of the VCTE detection value (LSM) initially diagnosed for patients with hepatitis B liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, we divided the patients into two subgroups of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. In addition, patients with liver fibrosis were divided into mild and moderate subgroups according to their VCTE values. Patients were measured for liver hardness after three, six, nine, and twelve months of treatment with VCTE. Biejia Decoction Pill combined with ETV on HBV liver fibrosis/cirrhosis was evaluated by comparing patients' changes in liver hardness and HBV-DNA negative conversion rates before and after treatment in each group at the same baseline. The LSM (liver elasticity value) of the observation group and the control group after treatment was lower than that before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001); The LSM of the observation group after treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference was also statistically significant (P = 0.0005 < 0.05). In the subgroup of liver fibrosis, the number of patients with moderate and severe liver fibrosis who completely reversed liver fibrosis after treatment in the treatment group was far more than that in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.82 P = 0.028 < 0.05) 。 When the treatment course was more than 9 months, the negative conversion rate of patients in the observation group reached 87.4%, which was higher than that in the control group (70.8%), and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002 < 0.05); After 12 months of treatment, the negative conversion rate of patients in the observation group was as high as 95%, which was significantly higher than 76.67% in the control group (P < 0.001). The degree of liver fibrosis was significantly improved when Biejia Decoction Pill was combined with ETV in patients with liver fibrosis/cirrhosis due to hepatitis B. The virological response rate to HBV-DNA increased with the prolongation of treatment, and the Biejia Decoction Pill assists with entecavir in antiviral therapy.
Efficacy of alumina nanoparticles as a controllable tool for mortality and biochemical parameters of Culex pipiens
Authors: El‑Barkey Nehad M. , Nassar Mostafa Y. , El‑Khawaga Aya H. , Kamel Aida S. , Baz Mohamed M.
Published: November 2023

Mosquitoes still pose a clear risk to human and animal health. Recently, nanomaterials have been considered one of the cost-effective solutions to this problem. Therefore, alumina nanoparticles (Al) were synthesized using an auto-combustion method, followed by calcination at 600 and 800 °C. Glucose (G) and sucrose (Su) were used as fuels and the combustion was performed at pH 2, 7, and 10. The as-synthesized Al2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. Alumina nanoparticles prepared using G and Su fuels at pH 7 and 800 °C (Al-G7-800 and Al-Su7-800) have crystallite sizes of 3.9 and 4.05 nm, respectively. While the samples (Al-G7-600 and Al-Su7-600) synthesized at pH 7 and 600 °C were amorphous. The prepared alumina nanoparticles were applied to the larval and pupal stages of Culex pipiens. The results showed that alumina nanoparticles cause higher mortality in the 1st larval instar than in all other larval instars and pupal stages of Culex pipiens after treatment at a high concentration of 200 ppm. Additionally, the larval duration after treatment with LC50 concentrations of alumina (Al-G7-800 and Al-Su7-800) was 31.7 and 23.6 days, respectively, compared to the control (13.3 days). The recorded data found that the content of glutathione-S-transferase, alkaline/acid phosphatase, β/α-esterase, and total protein were altered upon treatment with the LC50 concentration of alumina (Al-G7-800) nanoparticles. Based on these findings, alumina nanoparticles are a promising candidate as a potential weapon to control pests and mosquitoes.