bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tourist Tales and Erotic Adventures
Authors: Williams Erica Lorraine
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the motivations, experiences, and subjectivities of sex tourists in Salvador by considering the experiences of a young white heterosexual male sex tourist from New York and an African American man who is not a sex tourist but who provides insights into the imagination of Brazilian women as exotic and hypersexual. More specifically, the chapter asks how sex tourists understand and articulate their racialized desires, how the tourist experience is characterized by liminality, and how the desire for “touristic intimacy” plays out in Salvador's touristscape. Drawing on the stories of the two men, the chapter shows how discourses of black hypersexuality circulate both in Brazilian sex tourism and in the transnational tourism industry. In particular, the (imagined) hypersexuality of Brazilian women of African descent plays an important role in the experiences of foreign tourists, regardless of whether or not they actually have sex with Brazilian women.
Conclusion
Authors: Williams Erica Lorraine
Published: May 2017

This book contributes to the anthropology of globalization by probing how people on the ground are negotiating global inequalities in their sexual practices and intimate lives. It has shown that, while top-down globalization in the form of the tourism industry still promises to spread the wealth to reach more Brazilian citizens, Bahian sex workers, tour guides, tourism industry workers, and cultural producers are enacting “insurgent cosmopolitanism” in the form of “counter-hegemonic solidarity, bottom-up globalization.” While the government, nongovernmental organizations, journalists, and abolitionist feminists focus on sex tourism as the problem of white Western elite men exploiting poor, marginalized, Third World women, sex workers in Salvador saw opportunities for cosmopolitanism, advancement, romance, intimacy, and potential transnational mobility through their ambiguous entanglements with foreigners. The book concludes by raising questions and implications for future research on issues of race, sexuality, and globalization within cultural anthropology.
Beyond Fundamentalism and Atheism
Authors: Yadlapati Madhuri M.
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter discusses the main themes that inform this study's exploration of faith and doubt. Many consider the strength and merits of faith to lie in an individual's unshakable certitude, while doubt is often depicted as an enemy to faith altogether, or at best an uncomfortable hiccup along the glorious journey to faith—a purifying fire that functions to distill true faith. Yet this chapter argues that it is certainly possible to articulate either atheism or religious faith without being dogmatic. More importantly, it emphasizes that faith and doubt can be interwoven in dynamic ways and become attentive to the depth and height of spiritual reflection and speculation.
Making the Flesh Word
Authors: Barrett Lindon
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the autobiography of Olaudah Equiano/Gustavus Vassa (1745?–1801), the African captured by slave traders in the Niger River region when he was ten years old, taken to the U.S. South, sold to a West Indian planter, who then worked aboard slave ships sailing between the Caribbean and England until he was nineteen. Buying his freedom, he continued his life as a merchant seaman and quartermaster for many years, working vigorously for the abolition of slavery, marrying an English woman, and serving as Commissary of Stores for freed slaves returning to Sierra Leone. The chapter demonstrates how Equiano/Vassa's “binomial being” elaborates the social and psychological consequences of the Euro-American political economy of modernity outlined in the first chapter.
The Intimate Civic
Authors: Barrett Lindon
Published: May 2017

This chapter turns to the personal and in some cases domestic issues facing African Americans in the antebellum period. Turning from Douglass's classic 1845 Narrative to Harriet Jacobs's Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861)—which receives central consideration in this chapter—Barrett also considers Mary Prince's The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave (1831), Ellen and William Craft's Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom (1860), and James C. Pennington's The Fugitive Blacksmith (1849) as antebellum representations of how African American bodies connect both public and private rights in the struggle for the abolition of slavery and thus are foundational to the subsequent civil rights movement.
Loyalty and Liberty
Authors: Goodall Alex
Published: May 2017

This book offers the first comprehensive account of the politics of countersubversion in the United States prior to the McCarthy era. The book traces the course of American countersubversion over the first half of the twentieth century, culminating in the rise of McCarthyism and the Cold War. This sweeping study explores how anti-subversive fervor was dampened in the 1920s in response to the excesses of World War I, transformed by the politics of antifascism in the Depression era, and rekindled in opposition to Roosevelt's ambitious New Deal policies in the later 1930s and 1940s. Varied interest groups such as business tycoons, Christian denominations, and Southern Democrats as well as the federal government pursued their own courses, which alternately converged and diverged, eventually consolidating into the form they would keep during the Cold War. Rigorous in its scholarship yet accessible to a wide audience, this book shows how the opposition to radicalism became a defining ideological question of American life.
War and Peace
Authors: Goodall Alex
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores how countersubversion may have been invigorated by the war, but it did not end with the Armistice. Like many other actions of 1919, the raid on the Information Bureau showed how loyalty enforcement persisted after the conflict ended, with international Bolshevism coming to replace the former German enemy in the public imagination. However, in deference to America's conception of itself as a nation of reason, subject to the rule of law, postwar anti-Bolshevik crusading was defended by its authors as a rigorous, objective, and empirical investigation of radical influence in America. Bolshevism was criticized because of its un-American limits on freedoms of speech, liberty, property, and religion and its contempt for law and order.
Red Scare
Authors: Goodall Alex
Published: May 2017

This chapter looks at how the government began 1919 by beating a retreat from political policing, far from charging toward a Red Scare. However, much of the private-sector machinery of countersubversion still remained in place. Voluntarist groups were less concerned with constitutional restrictions on political policing than Congress or the White House and, having benefited directly from the wartime campaign, sought to continue their activities. In so doing, they tended to drift away from the basic question of national security that had shaped wartime policy and toward matters of personal interest. Having already demonstrated their efficacy, national security justifications for countersubversive activism persisted, but they became increasingly tenuous, as individual groups sought to denounce their rivals as disloyal, treasonous, and a danger to the general good.
Free Black Communities and the Underground Railroad
Authors: LaRoche Cheryl Janifer
Published: May 2017

This enlightening study employs the tools of archaeology to uncover a new historical perspective on the Underground Railroad. Unlike previous histories of the Underground Railroad, which have focused on frightened fugitive slaves and their benevolent abolitionist accomplices, this book focuses instead on free African American communities, the crucial help they provided to individuals fleeing slavery, and the terrain where those flights to freedom occurred. This book foregrounds several small, rural hamlets on the treacherous southern edge of the free North in Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. It demonstrates how landscape features such as waterways, iron forges, and caves played a key role in the conduct and effectiveness of the Underground Railroad. Rich in oral histories, maps, memoirs, and archaeological investigations, this examination of the “geography of resistance” tells the new, powerful, and inspiring story of African Americans ensuring their own liberation in the midst of oppression.
Finding Joy in the History of Emotions
Authors: Mcmahon Darrin M.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines why joy and other positive emotions have largely been neglected by scholars, while suggesting that there are rich opportunities for greater historical understanding in this realm. It identifies some particular moments in the past when examinations of joy are particularly revealing, leaving the further task of more systematically exploring wider changes and regional diversities as challenges for the future. To do so, the chapter provides an anecdotal account as the basis for presenting a soft conjecture—that the history of emotions does suffer from a negative bias. Furthermore, the chapter considers a number of the reasons why it might actually be true, before then pondering some of the consequences and entertaining some possible remedies.
Emotion and Political Change
Authors: Eustace Nicole
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how political history is reshaped by attention to the emotions. It explores how sentiment undergirded political identities and allegiances and how emotion shaped civic memory and consciousness in revolutionary and early-nineteenth-century America. From the American Revolution to the French Revolution to the Haitian Revolution, from the rise of eighteenth-century republicanism to the emergence of nineteenth-century nationalism, emotion proved pivotal to political change. Whether animating the spirit of freedom or sparking action on behalf of the nation, emotion was, by definition, central to patriotism in all its dynamic forms. In addition to this, the chapter also considers why emotions have been excluded from traditional political narratives.
Afterword
Authors: Matt Susan J. , Stearns Peter N.
Published: May 2017

This concluding chapter looks back on the insights provided by the previous chapters in order to launch a discussion into what future emotions historians can expect or improve upon. As this volume is hardly a comprehensive coverage of the discipline, the chapter nevertheless points out the ways in which this book suggests examples and directions for the future. Moreover, the chapter reflects on how historical analysis deals both with how emotions respond to discrete developments in other domains and with how emotions help to translate change not only into personal and family life but into wider areas of social behavior. These connections provide abundant spurs to further research. Emotions historians can now find a myriad ways to improve and expand upon their research, from the use of technology to intersecting with other disciplines.
A Foreign Kingdom
Authors: Talbot Christine
Published: May 2017

The years from 1852 to 1890 marked a controversial period in Mormonism, when the church's official embrace of polygamy put it at odds with wider American culture. This book explores the controversial era, discussing how plural marriage generated decades of cultural and political conflict over competing definitions of legitimate marriage, family structure, and American identity. In particular, the book examines “the Mormon question” with attention to how it constructed ideas about American citizenship around the presumed separation of the public and private spheres. Contrary to the prevailing notion of man as political actor, woman as domestic keeper, and religious conscience as entirely private, Mormons enfranchised women and framed religious practice as a political act. The way Mormonism undermined the public/private divide led white, middle-class Americans to respond by attacking not just Mormon sexual and marital norms but also Mormons' very fitness as American citizens.
Eating Her Curries and Kway
Authors: Tarulevicz Nicole
Published: May 2017

While eating is a universal experience, for Singaporeans it carries strong national connotations. The popular Singaporean–English phrase “Die die must try” is not so much hyperbole as it is a reflection of the lengths that Singaporeans will go to find great dishes. This book argues that in a society that has undergone substantial change in a relatively short amount of time, food serves Singaporeans as a poignant connection to the past. Covering the period from British settlement in 1819 to the present and focusing on the post-1965 postcolonial era, the book tells the story of Singapore through the production and consumption of food. Analyzing a variety of sources that range from cookbooks to architectural and city plans, the book offers a thematic history of this unusual country, which was colonized by the British and operated as a port within Malaya, but which is without a substantial pre-colonial history. Connecting food culture to the larger history of Singapore, the book discusses various topics including domesticity and home economics, housing and architecture, advertising, and the regulation of food-related manners and public behavior such as hawking, littering, and chewing gum. Moving away from the predominantly political and economic focus of other histories of Singapore, the book provides an important alternative reading of Singaporean society.
A Brief History of Singapore
Authors: Tarulevicz Nicole
Published: May 2017

This chapter provides an account of Singapore's recent history, interwoven with key culinary and gastronomic developments. The conventional periodization of Singapore's history into the pre-colonial, Japanese occupation, merger, and independence eras highlights some of the forces that have shaped the nation, but it also privileges state actors. From the early colonial period onward, the ordering of space and place has been a priority that has been demonstrated at the bureaucratic, regulatory, and physical levels. In the past 200 years, Singapore has been radically remade; technological innovation has been one of the mechanisms by which order is achieved. Indeed, Singapore's engagement with the global economy—be that the economy of the British Empire or of the twenty-first-century world of food security fears—has been relentless, and food has been central to the process.
Food Sluts and the Marketing of Singaporean Cuisine
Authors: Tarulevicz Nicole
Published: May 2017

This chapter analyzes print and film tourism advertisements for Singapore. Unlike its neighbors, Singapore, by way of its English-language public sphere, is the “knowable Asia.” As a “Westernized” globalized city, it appears knowable through the consumption of local fare. Tourists are actively encouraged to partake of local food as part of the experience of Singapore—to literally taste the nation. For diasporic communities, food can serve as a reminder of home, of the familiar, and of the national, and for Singaporeans who find themselves outside the borders of their nation-state, local food can become a means to reaffirm identity. As a consequence of both tourism advertising and the growth of the overseas Singaporean population, there is a growing interest in Singaporean cuisine in the West, evident in the pages of food magazines, in the programming of Food Network, and in cooking classes.
Gay Marriage in an Era of Media Visibility
Authors: Moscowitz Leigh
Published: May 2017

This book examines how media coverage helped to define and shape the gay marriage debate as well as gay rights activism during the period 2003–2012. Through an analysis of media reports and in-depth interviews with leaders of the modern gay rights movement, it investigates how media frames and activist discourses evolved surrounding the issue of same-sex marriage. It looks at the aims and challenges of leading gay rights activists who sought to harness the power of mainstream news media to advocate for their cause and reform images of their community. It also considers how gay and lesbian rights groups attempted to shape coverage of the same-sex marriage debate, and what images and narratives about gay and lesbian life activists foregrounded. Finally, it discusses ways in which media attention surrounding the gay-marriage issue reshaped the structure, organization, and goals of the contemporary gay rights movement. This introduction provides an overview of the legal and political contexts of gay marriage in the United States, the rise of gay-themed media, and the research approach and plan of the book.
Spike Lee
Authors: McGowan Todd
Published: May 2017

Since the release of Do the Right Thing in 1989, Spike Lee has established himself as a cinematic icon. Lee's mostly independent films garner popular audiences while at the same time engaging in substantial political and social commentary. He is arguably the most accomplished African American filmmaker in cinematic history, and his breakthrough paved the way for the success of many other African Americans in film. This book shows how Lee's films, from She's Gotta Have It through Red Hook Summer, address crucial social issues such as racism, paranoia, and economic exploitation in a formally inventive manner. The book argues that Lee uses excess in his films to intervene in issues of philosophy, politics, and art. It contends that it is impossible to watch a Spike Lee film in the way that one watches a typical Hollywood film. By forcing observers to recognize their unconscious enjoyment of violence, paranoia, racism, sexism, and oppression, Lee's films prod spectators to see differently and to confront their own excess. In the process, his films reveal what is at stake in desire, interpersonal relations, work, and artistic creation itself.
Apprenticeship in the National American Woman Suffrage Association (1890–1903)
Authors: Franzen Trisha
Published: May 2017

This chapter describes events in the life of Anna Howard Shaw from 1890 to 1903. In 1890, Shaw joined Susan B. Anthony and other suffrage workers in South Dakota for her first state suffrage campaign. Though the rigors of this campaign tested even Shaw's adaptability, at forty-three, Shaw was at her peak in terms of health and vigor. She embraced her new calling, her new pulpit, and her new form of ministry. She was quickly becoming the movement's new voice, a leader whose nonelite origins gave her a remarkable ability to translate women's demands into appeals understandable to a diversity of Americans. Her strengths as a speaker and the depth of her commitments to women's causes were put to the test here, but she toughed it out as a true daughter of the frontier.
Compromised Leadership
Authors: Franzen Trisha
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the early years of Anna Howard Shaw's National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) presidency. With little scholarship on Shaw's leadership, most historians follow the position originated by Eleanor Flexner that Shaw's tenure was chaotic and that Shaw an ineffective administrator. The only major challenge to this view comes from the late Sarah Hunter Graham and her argument that these were the years of a suffrage renaissance. The tensions and conflicts under Shaw's leadership were essential for the change that revitalized the NAWSA. Key challenges involved economic and racial issues, the focus on the federal amendment, and what the move to New York and the professionalization of the staff meant. Feminist suffrage scholarship generally has concluded that a conservative and racist NAWSA and Shaw were finally challenged by younger, more radical leaders. However, a close examination of Shaw's presidency finds that the dynamics within the NAWSA and the suffrage struggle to be far more complex.
Unanticipated Challenges
Authors: Franzen Trisha
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the final years of Anna Howard Shaw's presidency from 1913 to 1915. By 1913 Anna Shaw could see the end of the struggle. The movement to extend that basic right of equal citizenship—full suffrage—to all women now had sufficient momentum to see it through to the final victory. After years of slow progress and the efforts of generations of women, Shaw was leading “the cause” with new leaders and organizations, extensive financial resources, regular attention from the media and politicians, and finally new suffrage gains in major western states. However, though she believed the success was inevitable and near, the final years of her presidency threw up hurdles that complicated Shaw's leadership and administrative efforts. This period, during a tremendous period of suffrage activism, Shaw confronted new difficulties and made occasional, but significant, missteps in her efforts to close the final chapter of the suffrage struggle. At that 1915 NAWSA Convention in Washington, D. C., Shaw turned the leadership position to Carrie Chapman Catt.
A Worker to the End (1916–1919)
Authors: Franzen Trisha
Published: May 2017

This chapter considers the life of Anna Howard Shaw after her 1915 resignation from the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Official retirement, although at first it brought a lessening of her administrative responsibilities, in the end allowed Shaw the freedom to broaden her involvements. During these last years, much of the public, from the youngest suffrage supporter up to the U.S. president, saw her as an elder stateswoman, a role Shaw enthusiastically embraced. On February 14, 1917, Shaw celebrated her seventieth birthday. Close to two hundred letters, gifts, and congratulations from her long-time suffrage colleagues through President Wilson celebrated her life. On May 19, 1919, Shaw became the first woman to be honored with the Distinguished Service Medal, the government's highest civilian award. Shaw died on July 2, 1919.
Commercial Tampons and the Sportswoman, 1936–52
Authors: Schultz Jaime
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the commercial tampon, first available in the United States in 1936. The introduction of the mass-produced tampon marked a significant turning point in women's lives. It spoke to desires for physical freedom, changes in dress, and evolving viewpoints with regard to hygiene and the corporeal. Advertisers' use of the sportswoman in campaigns of the 1930s and 1940s was an important strategy for the product's viability. Inside the pages of popular magazines, the tampon-advocating athlete at once represented modernity, encouraged physical activity, and contributed to a “culture of concealment” that perpetuated menstrual shame and stressed the need for secrecy and discretion.
Women’s Sport and Questionable Sex
Authors: Schultz Jaime
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores how leaders of several international athletic federations worked to quell anxieties about “manly” women competitors by instituting “sex-testing” policies to verify the femaleness of female athletes. Purporting to safeguard women's sport and its participants, the tests have too often disadvantaged women and served as a powerful form of social control that encouraged normative femininity in the context of sport. Although most organizations have since declared an end to sex-testing in their official policies, new forms of surveillance and detection continue to define who counts as a woman in the context of sport. For better or worse, the introduction of the sex-test signified that women's sports were on the rise, and in the 1970s American women went through what many felt was an athletic revolution.
From “Women in Sports” to the “New Ideal of Beauty”
Authors: Schultz Jaime
Published: May 2017

This chapter looks at how a number of milestones peppered the era as women experienced unprecedented participation opportunities. But with that progress came the “backlash” of the 1980s, a reaction to women's athletic progress that particularly manifested in the aesthetic fitness movement. Within the context of the neoconservative “Reagan revolution,” women flocked to all sorts of bodywork designed to sculpt their physiques in physically and sexually attractive ways and, in the process, forged a “new ideal of beauty.” The chapter argues that this trend is indicative what Naomi Wolf calls the “beauty myth,” in which the accent on women's appearance detracts from their social, cultural, political, and economic status.
The Labor of Capitalism
Authors: Beckert Sven
Published: May 2017

This chapter begins by discussing the concept transnational labor history and the challenge it poses to labor historians. It then examines the worldwide crisis of cotton production touched off by the American Civil War, emancipation, and the subsequent frantic search for alternatives, including coolie and sharecropping labor systems. It shows that despite the variety of labor regimes, cotton cultivators everywhere faced essentially similar challenges of labor in the global age: market fluctuations, state coercion, inescapable debt and contract regimes, and political marginalization. These were the people who would grow ever-larger amounts of cotton, from India to Central Asia, from Egypt to the United States, and the new labor regimes in which they found themselves symbolized one of the most significant changes of the nineteenth century.
Want amidst Plenty
Authors: Cadigan Sean
Published: May 2017

This chapter describes a new, highly gendered economy of boom and bust, haves and have-nots, in Canada's easternmost province, Newfoundland and Labrador. The province had long been the poor cousin of Confederation. By 2008 this all changed, as Newfoundland and Labrador became a “have province” due to the cyclical but steady rise in total oil production from the province's offshore oil wells. However, the oil boom could not transform overnight serious environmental, economic, and social problems that have been plaguing Newfoundland and Labrador since at least the 1970s. The limits of the boom are apparent from the experience of working people. Outside of the region surrounding St. John's, the provincial capital, skilled working people have continued to leave the province due to ongoing crises in the forestry and fisheries sectors. Direct employment in the oil and mining sectors is too limited to compensate. The oil boom has further contributed to a neoliberal policy of dividing unions, especially in the public sector.
“The Right to Lease and Occupy a Home”
Authors: Gold Roberta
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how tenants addressed three public policy questions: public housing, slum clearance, and civil rights. The rent-control statutes that tenants vigorously defended served to moderate prices that would otherwise be set higher by the law of supply and demand. However, many tenants and housers were aware that rent control was a superficial fix. The underlying problem was scarcity of housing and a consequent landlord's market. Therefore from the Depression onward, the city's tenants and their allies also promoted programs to build new rental units and improve old ones. The chapter considers how these efforts extended “New York exceptionalism” in two important ways: expansion of public housing and the opening of a new arena for black struggle. It also explores how New York exceptionalism extended into the private housing market and discusses the relationship between rental housing and black progress. It shows that, by organizing widely and using the courts and formal politics, tenants managed to hold the line on some of the gains they had made before and during the war.
Baseball on Trial
Authors: Grow Nathaniel
Published: May 2017

The 1922 Federal Baseball Supreme Court ruling held that the “business of base ball” was not subject to the Sherman Antitrust Act because it did not constitute interstate commerce. This book explains why the unanimous Supreme Court opinion authored by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, which gave rise to Major League Baseball's exemption from antitrust law, was correct given the circumstances of the time. Currently a billion-dollar enterprise, professional baseball teams crisscross the country while the games are broadcast via radio, television, and Internet coast to coast. The sheer scope of this activity would seem to embody the phrase “interstate commerce.” Yet baseball is the only professional sport—indeed the sole industry—in the United States that currently benefits from a judicially constructed antitrust immunity. Using recently released documents from the National Baseball Hall of Fame, the book analyzes how the Supreme Court reached this seemingly peculiar result by tracing the Federal Baseball litigation from its roots in 1914 to its resolution in 1922, in the process uncovering significant new details about the proceedings. The book observes that while interstate commerce was measured at the time by the exchange of tangible goods, baseball teams in the 1910s merely provided live entertainment to their fans, while radio was a fledgling technology that had little impact on the sport. The book concludes that, despite the frequent criticism of the opinion, the Supreme Court's decision was consistent with the conditions and legal climate of the early twentieth century.
The Federal League Strikes Back
Authors: Grow Nathaniel
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the legal battle between the Federal League and organized baseball during the period June 1914–December 1914. Following its loss in the Chief Johnson case, the Federal League continued to recruit players from the big leagues, starting with outfielder Armando Marsans of the Cincinnati Reds. Marsans, who was signed by the St. Louis Federals, was followed by New York Yankees pitcher Al Schulz and Chicago White Sox first baseman Hal Chase, both of whom defected to the Buffalo Federals. The Chicago Federals were able to secure pitcher Walter Johnson of the Washington Senators, but Johnson repudiated his contract with them and returned to Washington. The Federals vowed to pursue legal action to enforce Johnson's contract with the ChiFeds. This chapter discusses the litigation involving the Federal League and the major leagues, its impact on both parties, and the reactions of the baseball press and fans to the legal dispute.
The Landis Case
Authors: Grow Nathaniel
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the case of Federal League of Professional Base Ball Clubs v. National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs, filed in January 1915 by the Federal League in federal district court in Chicago and presided by Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis. The lawsuit named both the American and National Leagues as defendants, along with the sixteen major league franchises, and each of the three members of the National Commission: August Herrmann, Ban Johnson, and John Tener. In its 92-page complaint, the Federal League accused the major leagues of forming an illegal monopoly in violation of federal and state antitrust laws. It also claimed that organized baseball had conspired to injure or destroy the Federal League. This chapter discusses the details of the Federal suit, along with affidavits, each party's legal representation, jurisdictional issues, and public statements regarding the case.
Hillary Clinton as Legislative Activist and Legal Defendant
Authors: Parry-Giles Shawn J.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines Hillary Clinton's leadership during the congressional health care debate and the investigations surrounding Whitewater—an era of her news biography marked with subterfuge and deceit. The overarching message communicated by the press was that during the health care debate, she once again talked too much and exerted too much control over her husband and his administration. Contrastingly, Clinton's unwillingness to talk enough served as evidence of her illegal wrongdoing during the Whitewater investigations. During both controversies, Clinton was pictured as smiling through the tumult, promulgating a sense of discordance between the seriousness of the allegations and her public comportment. She would consequently be disciplined through a rhetoric of violence for her outspokenness and her spatial violations as she was punished for such political and legal impropriety, corroding, once again, idyllic notions of authentic womanhood.
Hillary Clinton as Political Candidate
Authors: Parry-Giles Shawn J.
Published: May 2017

This chapter features the extensive television news coverage of Hillary Clinton as a candidate for the U.S. Senate. In many ways, the news broadcasts reflected the memory frames that circulated throughout her time as first lady, from her image as a political lightning rod who suffered from personality problems to that of a victimized wife. Questions surrounding her political authenticity were central to the news frames from the early murmurs of a possible Clinton Senate run. Clinton was correspondingly depicted as an inauthentic political candidate because of her questionable motives for office, her lack of geographical ties to the state of New York, her lack of political experience, and her shifting views on contentious political topics. These inauthenticity judgments suggested to the press and Clinton's Republican opponents that she lacked an overall fitness and preparedness for elective office.
Gregory Benford
Authors: Slusser George
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on Gregory Benford's career as science fiction (SF) writer. Benford has remained steadfast in his claim that science is at the center both of the twentieth century and of the form of literature he sees as its central mode of expression. He is of the belief that SF should deal with the impact of scientific ideas and discoveries on society and the individual. This chapter discusses Benford's deep understanding of the philosophical currents born, as early as the Western seventeenth century, from the impact of scientific discovery on conventional worldviews; his view of physical environments in which human activity becomes radically problematic, if not unthinkable, and thus unnarratable in terms of conventional fictional structures, governed by a Newtonian stability; his insistence on writing “with the net up,” strictly adhering to the laws of physics rather than conveniently “suspending disbelief”; and his synthesis of the often-contradictory demands of science and fiction. The chapter suggests that Benford's work is philosophical fiction of the highest order.
Galactic Center Two
Authors: Slusser George
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines Nigel Walmsley's space odyssey in In the Ocean of Night and Across the Sea of Suns, which span the dates from 1999 to 2061. By the end of the first novel, Nigel has discovered a cosmic struggle between machine intelligence and organic life that will soon engulf Earth. Through several contacts with alien artifacts and entities that had come to Earth in both prehistoric and recent times, he predicts the coming of the machines. In Across the Sea of Suns, Nigel does battle with the machines with the help of organic life forms he finds on the moon of a planet in distant Epsilon Eridani. In the process, he reaffirms what he had earlier discovered on Earth: that, in the evolutionary sense, the boundary between machine and organism is not clear cut. The stamp of Arthur C. Clarke's Space Odyssey is clearly on both In the Ocean of Night and Across the Sea of Suns. The chapter analyzes the two novels in order to understand how Gregory Benford launched his space epic.
To the Galactic Center
Authors: Slusser George
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the next four novels in Gregory Benford's Galactic Center series: Great Sky River (1987), Tides of Light (1989), Furious Gulf (1992), and Sailing Bright Eternity (1995). The novels span vast expanses of spacetime and nine years of Benford's career. Great Sky River is the story of Killeen Bishop, the leader of a band of cyborg-humans who are engaged in constant struggle with the Mechs. Killeen's quest to save his ever-dwindling band leads him to more and more alien encounters. In Tides of Light the planet Killeen and his tribe find is an “inhabited island,” a place full of unexpected and unpleasant surprises. Furious Gulf shifts the narrative focus from Killeen to his son Toby, while Sailing Bright Eternity places its human protagonists in the most nonhuman environment modern science can imagine. The chapter explains how Benford works toward the grand union of spacetime, evolution, and human destiny in Sailing Bright Eternity.
Ring Shout, Wheel About
Authors: Thompson Katrina Dyonne
Published: May 2017

This book examines the conceptualization and staging of race through the performance, sometimes coerced, of black dance from the slave ship to the minstrel stage. The book shows how these performances informed white European and American understandings of race, influenced interactions between whites and blacks, and often held conflicting meanings in enslaved people's lives. Drawing on a rich variety of sources, the book explicates how black performances in music and dance was used by white Europeans and Americans to justify enslavement, perpetuate the existing racial hierarchy, and mask the brutality of the domestic slave trade. Whether on slave ships, at the auction block, or on plantations, whites often used coerced performances to oppress and demean the enslaved. As the book shows, however, blacks' “backstage” use of musical performance often served quite a different purpose. Through creolization and other means, enslaved people preserved some native musical and dance traditions and invented or adopted new traditions that built community and even aided rebellion. The book shows how these traditions evolved into nineteenth-century minstrelsy and, ultimately, raises the question of whether today's mass media performances and depictions of African Americans are so very far removed from their troublesome roots.
The Script
Authors: Thompson Katrina Dyonne
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines seventeenth- and eighteenth-century European and American travel journals to reveal the manner in which they portrayed West Africans in order to create the moral and social justifications for slavery and racial stereotypes. It argues that European travelers often ignored the ritualistic purpose of West African music and dance and instead reduced West Africans to servants, prostitutes, and entertainers. These societal positions were developed on the premise of European hegemony and aimed to create an African commodity. Throughout West Africa, music, song, and dance were important cultural expressions. However, from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries, European and American travelers distorted these expressions in order to project and fulfill their own desires. This chapter shows how travel narratives presented the identity of West Africans as malleable and capable of being shaped according to the desired purpose of the gazer. Through their creation of the innate dancers and singers, it contends that travel journals contributed to the subjugation and reconfiguration of the black body through its neglect of the actual culture and tradition of the performing arts.
Introduction
Authors: Carey Brycchan , Plank Geoffrey
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. It first discusses the origins of the Quaker antislavery movement and how the Quaker response to the problem of slavery was deeply affected by their shared religious tenets, formal structures, disciplinary procedures, and decision-making process. It then defines some key terms such as the Inward Light, which is the Quakers' source of inspiration and personal knowledge; and the sense of the meeting, which is the judgment of a Quaker meeting. It goes on to discuss the reasons why the Quakers' engagement with slavery needs more scholarly attention. It concludes with a description of the subsequent chapters.
“Without the Consumers of Slave Produce There Would Be No Slaves”
Authors: Kett Anna Vaughan
Published: May 2017

This chapter demonstrates the ways in which dress can be used as a powerful interpretative tool in understanding how the Quaker family, and especially women, engaged with antislavery activism in the 1850s. It discusses how dressing in free-labor cotton clothes embedded antislavery consumption practice into everyday life, as an embodiment of individual political belief. It presents new research on the involvement of one Victorian Quaker family—the famous Clark family of Somerset—in the antislavery cause. It discusses the British free produce movement and its campaign against slave-grown cotton; it examines Quaker attitudes to dress; and it compares dress in the photographs to surviving examples.
The Hidden Story of Quakers and Slavery
Authors: Nash Gary B.
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses how the story of Quaker abolitionism has been hidden from the general public. It surveys American middle school, high school, and university textbooks, monuments, and film, and suggests that most Americans know little about Quaker antislavery. It considers the reasons behind the erasure of Quakers and slavery over a period of two centuries of textbook writing. It suggests that one way that the story of Quakers, slavery, and abolitionism can gain recognition in the schools and in the public's awareness is through commemorative sculpture and urban murals. It concludes by proposing a campaign to draw attention to the career and legacy of Anthony Benezet.
Introduction
Authors: Amico Stephen
Published: May 2017

This book explores manifestations of same-sex love and attraction in the popular music landscape of contemporary Russia by focusing on performers, songs, spectacles, and audiences that in many ways served as embodied and audible instances of both homosexuality and homoeroticism. Drawing on a combination of theory and ethnography, the book highlights the corporeality of the homosexual self in post-Soviet, Russian space. It argues that Russian homosexuality in the first decade of the twenty-first century must be understood as bound up with embodiment—a term indicating a mode of experience of one's self, located culturally, spatially, temporally, and in relation to others, as a sentient, material, corporeal being. The book also shows that, in addition to sexual liaisons, the act of socializing with other gay men, either in private or public spaces, as well as in the growing area of cyberspace, is important to Russian gay men. This introduction explains the book's methodology and scope of study and provides an overview of the chapters it contains.
Prologue
Authors: Godfrey Donald G.
Published: May 2017

This prologue recounts C. Francis Jenkins' first-ever demonstration of his camera-projector on a makeshift screen. Jenkins premiered his invention on June 6, 1894, for a small group of family and friends at the Jenkins and Company Jewelry Store in Richmond, Indiana. They watched as the screen showed lifelike images of “Annabelle the Dancing Girl,” a beautiful young lady dressed in a butterfly costume. As the ballerina lifted her skirt, she revealed her ankle, prompting the ladies in the audience, all Quakers, to storm out of the store in protest over such a display of nudity. This gesture might be considered the first film protest, but the demonstration changed the world of motion-picture film and paved the way for Jenkins' pioneering venture into television.
Jenkins’ Heritage and Youth
Authors: Godfrey Donald G.
Published: May 2017

This chapter provides a background on C. Francis Jenkins' heritage and youth. Jenkins' life spanned six decades of American history that witnessed the birth of photography, radio, television, the automobile, and the airplane. He lived in an age dominated by things mechanical, from the Industrial and Gilded Ages through World War I, the Roaring Twenties, and the Great Depression. Jenkins, a Quaker farm boy, was born just north of Dayton, Ohio, on August 22, 1867. Two years after his birth, Jenkins' parents moved to Richmond, Indiana, where he grew up through his teenage years. This chapter first discusses Jenkins' early years on the farm, his family and family values, and his education before considering his sojourn to the West Coast. It also examines Jenkins' time in Washington, D.C., where he worked for the Life Saving Service and where he also met his future wife, Grace Hannah Love, culminating in their wedding on January 30, 1902.
Radio Pictures: Going Operational
Authors: Godfrey Donald G.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on C. Francis Jenkins' demonstrations of RadioVision and his radio-pictures technology. The earliest “official demonstration,” as Jenkins called it, of radio transmission of photographs took place on December 12, 1922, with leaders of the military and the motion-picture industry in attendance. Jenkins transmitted still pictures between his lab and the Anacostia naval radio station NOF in Washington, D.C. On March 3, 1923, under the auspices of the North American Newspaper Alliance, radio photos were publically demonstrated, this time transmitting over a distance of 130 miles from NOF in Anacostia to the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin's newspaper building. This chapter discusses Jenkins' other demonstrations of his pictorial transmissions, along with his establishment of the Radio Pictures Corporation. It also considers Jenkins' participation in a project with a network of scientists from the U.S. Signal Corps, who were listening for radio signals from Mars; his collaboration with the American Radio Relay League; and his wireless transmission of weather maps.
Television: Seeing by Electricity
Authors: Godfrey Donald G.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on C. Francis Jenkins' television inventions, including the electronic television. Historians consider Jenkins as the American inventor of mechanical television and often portray him as something of a failure because by the early 1930s, his ideas were purchased by competitive corporate powers and then overtaken with the far-better Farnsworth and Zworykin electronic scanning techniques. However, Jenkins' fundamental contributions in television cannot be simply ignored. This chapter begins with an overview of Jenkins' experimental television, followed by a discussion of his various ideas such as the “telectroscope” and optical electrical television. It then takes a look at the Jenkins Laboratories, Discrola Inc., and the Radio Pictures Corporation. It also recounts Jenkins' demonstration of how radio movies could be transmitted and received before concluding with an assessment of Jenkins' collaboration with the American Radio Relay League in television-related initiatives.
The Eyes of Radio
Authors: Godfrey Donald G.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on C. Francis Jenkins' pioneering work in radio. In 1925, Jenkins began his first experimental television station in Washington, D.C. Called 3XK (later W3XK-TV), it was among the first licensed experimental television stations in the United States. Jenkins envisioned that it would follow patterns established in the growth of commercial radio. This chapter first considers Jenkins' radio-related ideas, including receivers called “Radiovisor Kits,” and goes on to discuss some of the challenges he faced in trying to improve receiver technology. It then considers the Radio Act of 1927, which shifted the Department of Commerce's licensing authority to a new Federal Radio Commission, along with Jenkins' concept for a large theater-sized television screen. It also recounts Jenkins' demonstration of his television technology for Federal Radio Commissioners in 1928 and the W3XK inaugural programming that same year. Finally, it assesses Jenkins' role in the development of television standards.