bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Stigma during COVID-19 and its Impact on HCWs Outcomes
Authors: Ramaci Tiziana , Barattucci Massimiliano , Ledda Caterina , Rapisarda Venerando
Published: May 2020

The COVID-19 emergency has significantly transformed the working environment and job demands. Providing care was emotionally difficult for healthcare workers. Uncertainty, stigmatisation, and potentially exposing their families to infection were prominent themes for healthcare workers (HCWs) during the crisis, which first broke out in China at the end of 2019, and then in Italy in early 2020. This study examined the effects of stigma, job demands, and self-esteem, and the consequences of working as a “frontline care provider” with patients infected with the coronavirus (COVID-19). A correlational design study involved 260 healthcare workers (HCWs) working in a large hospital in southern Italy. The following questionnaires were administered: (1) the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), for assessing psychological and physical demands; (2) the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) to measure the quality individuals feel in relation to their work as “frontline care providers”, through three dimensions: compassion fatigue (CF), burnout (BO), and compassion satisfaction (CS); (3) the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, for evaluating individual self-esteem; (4) a self-administered multiple-choice questionnaire developed by See et al. about attitudes of discrimination, acceptance, and fear towards HCWs exposed to COVID-19. The findings suggest that stigma has a high impact on workers’ outcomes. Stigma may influence worker compliance and can guide management communication strategies relating to pandemic risk for HCWs.
Public Perspective on Increasing the Numbers of an Endangered Species, Loggerhead Turtles in South Korea: A Contingent Valuation
Authors: Kim Ju-Hee , Choi Kyung-Ran , Yoo Seung-Hoon
Published: May 2020

The loggerhead turtle is one of the representative endangered marine species in South Korea. Thus, the country’s government is trying to push ahead with a project to increase the number of loggerhead turtles through the research and development of technology to hatch them artificially and release them into the wild. This article attempts to investigate the public perspective on the project using contingent valuation (CV). To this end, a CV survey of one thousand households across the country was implemented using in-person interviews. They were asked whether they were willing to pay a specified amount presented for carrying out the project. As many households reported zero willingness to pay, a spike model was employed to analyze the response data. It was found that the yearly public value ensuing from accomplishing the project was statistically significantly computed to be KRW 2360 (USD 1.99) per household. When the value was expanded nationwide, it reached KRW 44.72 billion (USD 37.74 million) per year. This public value could be compared with the cost of carrying out the project to determine if the project is socially beneficial.
Sustainable Sizing of Geothermal Power Plants: Appropriate Potential Assessment Methods
Authors: Franco Alessandro , Vaccaro Maurizio
Published: May 2020

The paper analyzes the problem of defining the potential of geothermal reservoirs and the definition of a sustainable size of a geothermal power plant in the preliminary design phase. While defining the size of a geothermal plant, the objective is to find a compromise between renewability, technical sustainability, and economic return-related issues. In the first part of the paper the simplified lumped parameter approach based on the First-Order methods and their further evolutions and limitations is proposed. Experimental data available for some geothermal reservoirs are used for critical analysis of the simplified approaches for estimating the renewability and sustainability of the production of geothermal plants. In the second part the authors analyze methods based on theoretical heat transfer analysis supported by experimental data acquired from the geothermal field (thermal properties of the rock, porosity of the reservoir, and natural heat flux) and finally consider the numerical simulation as a method to connect the two approaches discussed before. The sustainability of geothermal power production can be estimated taking into account the energy stored in the reservoir and the thermal and fluid dynamic analysis of the reservoir. From this perspective, the numerical simulation of the reservoir can be considered as an effective method for the estimation of a sustainable mass flow rate extraction. Some specific cases are analyzed and discussed.
A Novel Model to Predict Plant-Based Food Choice-Empirical Study in Southern Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thanh-Lam , Tai Do Huu , Hien Lam Thanh , Quynh Doan Manh , Son Phan Ngoc
Published: May 2020

The beneficial advantages of plant-based diets towards human beings have been well addressed over the last few decades. More and more people are now enjoying plant-based diets for their physical health, psychological health, animal rights, environment protection, etc. However, there are still many stereotypes about the lifestyle. Hence, this study aims at identifying key factors affecting the plant-based food choices so that we can propose feasible implications to widely promote plant-based diets across communities for their better health, eudemonic well-being and life satisfaction as well as the sustainable survival of our beloved planet—“Mother Earth”. Based on statistical analysis results of data collected from 1477 participants in 10 out of 19 provinces/cities in Southern Vietnam, the plant-based food choice is found significantly affected by not only gender and marriage status but also by a so-called SHOULD Model, where: (1) S refers to Spirituality and Social relationships; (2) H refers to Health concerns; (3) O refers to Opulence of plant-based foods and Outlook on life; (4) U refers to Understanding of human body structures; (5) L refers to Love towards animals; and (6) D refers to Diet knowledge. Among the identified factors, “understanding of human body structures” and “outlook on life” are two new factors proposed in this study, fulfilling the existing literature about the determinants of plant-based food choice. From such findings, some managerial implications are proposed to not only promote plant-based lifestyle but also help to develop plant-based food business in practice.
MF2C3: Multi-Feature Fuzzy Clustering to Enhance Cell Colony Detection in Automated Clonogenic Assay Evaluation
Authors: Militello Carmelo , Rundo Leonardo , Minafra Luigi , Cammarata Francesco Paolo , Calvaruso Marco , Conti Vincenzo , Russo Giorgio
Published: May 2020

A clonogenic assay is a biological technique for calculating the Surviving Fraction (SF) that quantifies the anti-proliferative effect of treatments on cell cultures: this evaluation is often performed via manual counting of cell colony-forming units. Unfortunately, this procedure is error-prone and strongly affected by operator dependence. Besides, conventional assessment does not deal with the colony size, which is generally correlated with the delivered radiation dose or administered cytotoxic agent. Relying upon the direct proportional relationship between the Area Covered by Colony (ACC) and the colony count and size, along with the growth rate, we propose MF2C3, a novel computational method leveraging spatial Fuzzy C-Means clustering on multiple local features (i.e., entropy and standard deviation extracted from the input color images acquired by a general-purpose flat-bed scanner) for ACC-based SF quantification, by considering only the covering percentage. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed fully automatic approach, we compared the SFs obtained by MF2C3 against the conventional counting procedure on four different cell lines. The achieved results revealed a high correlation with the ground-truth measurements based on colony counting, by outperforming our previously validated method using local thresholding on L*u*v* color well images. In conclusion, the proposed multi-feature approach, which inherently leverages the concept of symmetry in the pixel local distributions, might be reliably used in biological studies.
On Slight Omega Continuity and Irresoluteness between Generalized Topological Spaces
Authors: Al Ghour Samer , Al-Nimer Abeer
Published: May 2020

We introduce slightly ω - ( μ 1 , μ 2 ) -continuous and slightly ω - ( μ 1 , μ 2 ) -irresolute functions as two new classes of functions on generalized topological spaces. We obtained several properties and characterizations of these functions. Moreover, we deal with preservations of Lindelofness, mild Lindelofness, mildly countable compactness, and connectedness under images or inverse images of a class of functions, which gives symmetric relationships.
ACO Based Variable Least Significant Bits Data Hiding in Edges Using IDIBS Algorithm
Authors: Khan Sahib , Irfan Muhammad Abeer , Khan Khalil , Khan Mushtaq , Khan Tawab , Khan Rehan Ullah , Ijaz Muhammad Fazal
Published: May 2020

This work presents a double asymmetric data hiding technique. The first asymmetry is created by hiding secret data in the complex region of the cover image and keep the smooth region unaffected. Then another asymmetry is developed by hiding a different number of secret bits in the various pixels of the complex region. The proposed technique uses the ant colony optimization (ACO) based technique for the classification of complex and smooth region pixels. Then, the variable least significant bits (VLSB) data hiding framework is used to hide secret bits in the complex region of the cover image. A distance-based substitution technique, namely increasing distance increasing bits substitution algorithm, is used to ensure the asymmetry in the number of hidden bits. The double asymmetric framework enhances the security of the hidden secret data and makes the retrieval of hidden information difficult for unauthorized users. The algorithm results in high-quality stego images, and the hidden information does not attract the human visual system (HVS).
A Study of Chaotic Maps Producing Symmetric Distributions in the Fish School Search Optimization Algorithm with Exponential Step Decay
Authors: Demidova Liliya A. , Gorchakov Artyom V.
Published: May 2020

Inspired by the collective behavior of fish schools, the fish school search (FSS) algorithm is a technique for finding globally optimal solutions. The algorithm is characterized by its simplicity and high performance; FSS is computationally inexpensive, compared to other evolution-inspired algorithms. However, the premature convergence problem is inherent to FSS, especially in the optimization of functions that are in very-high-dimensional spaces and have plenty of local minima or maxima. The accuracy of the obtained solution highly depends on the initial distribution of agents in the search space and on the predefined initial individual and collective-volitive movement step sizes. In this paper, we provide a study of different chaotic maps with symmetric distributions, used as pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) in FSS. In addition, we incorporate exponential step decay in order to improve the accuracy of the solutions produced by the algorithm. The obtained results of the conducted numerical experiments show that the use of chaotic maps instead of other commonly used high-quality PRNGs can speed up the algorithm, and the incorporated exponential step decay can improve the accuracy of the obtained solution. Different pseudorandom number distributions produced by the considered chaotic maps can positively affect the accuracy of the algorithm in different optimization problems. Overall, the use of the uniform pseudorandom number distribution generated by the tent map produced the most accurate results. Moreover, the tent-map-based PRNG achieved the best performance when compared to other chaotic maps and nonchaotic PRNGs. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization technique, we provide a comparison of the tent-map-based FSS algorithm with exponential step decay (ETFSS) with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and with the genetic algorithm with tournament selection (GA) on test functions for optimization.
Cytotoxic 4-Hydroxyprorocentrolide and Prorocentrolide C from Cultured Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima Induce Human Cancer Cell Death through Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest
Authors: Lee Seon Min , Kim Na-Hyun , Jeong Eun Ju , Rho Jung-Rae
Published: May 2020

Prorocentrolide and its analogs, the novel naturally derived antitumor agents, have recently been identified in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. In the current study, the underlying inhibitory mechanisms of 4-hydroxyprorocentrolide (1) and prorocentrolide C (2) on the proliferation of human carcinoma cells were determined. 1 and 2 arrested the cell cycle at the S phase in A549 cells and G2/M phase in HT-29 cells, leading to apoptotic cell death, as determined using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis with Annexin V/PI double staining. Apoptosis induced by these compounds was associated with alterations in the expression of cell cycle-regulating proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin E1, CDK2, and CDK4), as well as alterations in the levels of apoptosis-related proteins (PPAR, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and survivin). These findings provide new insights into the antitumor mechanisms of 4-hydroxyprorocentrolide and prorocentrolide C and a basis for future investigations assessing prorocentrolide analogs as prospective therapeutic drugs.
Use of Mass Spectrometry to Determine the Diversity of Toxins Produced by Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa Species from Balearic Islands and Crete (Mediterranean Sea) and the Canary Islands (Northeast Atlantic)
Authors: Estevez Pablo , Sibat Manoëlla , Leão-Martins José Manuel , Tudó Angels , Rambla-Alegre Maria , Aligizaki Katerina , Diogène Jorge , Gago-Martinez Ana , Hess Philipp
Published: May 2020

Over the last decade, knowledge has significantly increased on the taxonomic identity and distribution of dinoflagellates of the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. Additionally, a number of hitherto unknown bioactive metabolites have been described, while the role of these compounds in ciguatera poisoning (CP) remains to be clarified. Ciguatoxins and maitotoxins are very toxic compounds produced by these dinoflagellates and have been described since the 1980s. Ciguatoxins are generally described as the main contributors to this food intoxication. Recent reports of CP in temperate waters of the Canary Islands (Spain) and the Madeira archipelago (Portugal) triggered the need for isolation and cultivation of dinoflagellates from these areas, and their taxonomic and toxicological characterization. Maitotoxins, and specifically maitotoxin-4, has been described as one of the most toxic compounds produced by these dinoflagellates (e.g., G. excentricus) in the Canary Islands. Thus, characterization of toxin profiles of Gambierdiscus species from adjacent regions appears critical. The combination of liquid chromatography coupled to either low- or high-resolution mass spectrometry allowed for characterization of several strains of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa from the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands. Maitotoxin-3, two analogues tentatively identified as gambieric acid C and D, a putative gambierone analogue and a putative gambieroxide were detected in all G. australes strains from Menorca and Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) while only maitotoxin-3 was present in an F. paulensis strain of the same region. An unidentified Gambierdiscus species (Gambierdiscus sp.2) from Crete (Greece) showed a different toxin profile, detecting both maitotoxin-3 and gambierone, while the availability of a G. excentricus strain from the Canary Islands (Spain) confirmed the presence of maitotoxin-4 in this species. Overall, this study shows that toxin profiles not only appear to be species-specific but probably also specific to larger geographic regions.
Innate Type 2 Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Norlander Allison E. , Peebles R. Stokes
Published: May 2020

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common and contagious virus that results in acute respiratory tract infections in infants. In many cases, the symptoms of RSV remain mild, however, a subset of individuals develop severe RSV-associated bronchiolitis. As such, RSV is the chief cause of infant hospitalization within the United States. Typically, the immune response to RSV is a type 1 response that involves both the innate and adaptive immune systems. However, type 2 cytokines may also be produced as a result of infection of RSV and there is increasing evidence that children who develop severe RSV-associated bronchiolitis are at a greater risk of developing asthma later in life. This review summarizes the contribution of a newly described cell type, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), and epithelial-derived alarmin proteins that activate ILC2, including IL-33, IL-25, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). ILC2 activation leads to the production of type 2 cytokines and the induction of a type 2 response during RSV infection. Intervening in this innate type 2 inflammatory pathway may have therapeutic implications for severe RSV-induced disease.
Pandemic Influenza Vaccines: What did We Learn from the 2009 Pandemic and are We Better Prepared Now?
Authors: Rockman Steven , Laurie Karen , Barr Ian
Published: May 2020

In 2009, a novel A(H1N1) influenza virus emerged with rapid human-to-human spread and caused the first pandemic of the 21st century. Although this pandemic was considered mild compared to the previous pandemics of the 20th century, there was still extensive disease and death. This virus replaced the previous A(H1N1) and continues to circulate today as a seasonal virus. It is well established that vaccines are the most effective method to alleviate the mortality and morbidity associated with influenza virus infections, but the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza pandemic, like all significant infectious disease outbreaks, presented its own unique set of problems with vaccine supply and demand. This manuscript describes the issues that confronted governments, international agencies and industries in developing a well-matched vaccine in 2009, and identifies the key improvements and remaining challenges facing the world as the next influenza pandemic inevitably approaches.
MLGaze: Machine Learning-Based Analysis of Gaze Error Patterns in Consumer Eye Tracking Systems
Authors: Kar Anuradha
Published: May 2020

Analyzing the gaze accuracy characteristics of an eye tracker is a critical task as its gaze data is frequently affected by non-ideal operating conditions in various consumer eye tracking applications. In previous research on pattern analysis of gaze data, efforts were made to model human visual behaviors and cognitive processes. What remains relatively unexplored are questions related to identifying gaze error sources as well as quantifying and modeling their impacts on the data quality of eye trackers. In this study, gaze error patterns produced by a commercial eye tracking device were studied with the help of machine learning algorithms, such as classifiers and regression models. Gaze data were collected from a group of participants under multiple conditions that commonly affect eye trackers operating on desktop and handheld platforms. These conditions (referred here as error sources) include user distance, head pose, and eye-tracker pose variations, and the collected gaze data were used to train the classifier and regression models. It was seen that while the impact of the different error sources on gaze data characteristics were nearly impossible to distinguish by visual inspection or from data statistics, machine learning models were successful in identifying the impact of the different error sources and predicting the variability in gaze error levels due to these conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of machine learning methods towards the detection and prediction of gaze error patterns, which would enable an in-depth understanding of the data quality and reliability of eye trackers under unconstrained operating conditions. Coding resources for all the machine learning methods adopted in this study were included in an open repository named MLGaze to allow researchers to replicate the principles presented here using data from their own eye trackers.
An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Based Decision-Making Method for River Operation Management: Practice from China
Authors: Zhai Wujuan , Wang Zhuofu , Ding Jiyong , Liu Xun
Published: May 2020

River course is the path of carrying river flow and the blood of modern economic and social development. River operation management has attracted great attention from governments and water conservancy circles all over the world. In China, the river operation management mode refers to the combination of two dimensions: The organization method of river operation management and the bearing and use method of river maintenance fund. Based on the practice of China, we used a two-dimensional matrix method to construct a feasible mode set, including 12 modes, according to the various organization methods of river operation management and the bearing and use methods of river maintenance fund over the years in China. We also compared and analyzed the advantages, disadvantages, and applicable conditions of these 12 river operation management modes. In particular, we investigated the main rivers of 19 provinces and municipalities in China, identified the main factors of the river operation management mode, further identified 5 key indexes, and constructed a decision-making index system for the river operation management mode. We used the intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid average (IFHA) and intuitionistic fuzzy weighted average (IFWA) operators to construct a set of river operation management mode selection method based on intuitionistic fuzzy decision-making. A case study was conducted to select the operation management mode for the Heilongjiang section of Songhua River, using the method put forward in this paper. This study can promote water resource management research and prepare for a possible future sustainability emergency.
Cryptosporidium Oocysts Removal by Upflow Direct Filtration: Pilot Scale Assessment
Authors: Nascimento Marcely Ferreira , Ginoris Yovanka Pérez , Brandão Cristina Celia Silveira
Published: May 2020

Studies on the removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts by direct filtration suggested that high removal efficiencies (>3.0 log) can be achieved, but the vast majority of the studies focused on the assessment of downflow direct filtration. However, in comparison with downflow direct filtration, filters in upflow direct filtration systems use lower filtration rates, deeper stratified bed, and water flows from coarse to fine sand grain, which may improve the removal of oocysts. In this context, we evaluated the removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts using upflow direct filtration, on a pilot scale, to treat Paranoá Lake water (Brazil) seeded with Cryptosporidium oocysts. The experiments were conducted with raw water with low turbidity (3.2–5.7 NTU) and induced higher turbidity (28–30 NTU). Non-parametric statistical analysis was used to verify correlations between the filtered water values and removal of oocysts, particles, and turbidity. In general, no correlation was observed between the parameters analyzed, nor between their removals. The exception was the correlation between residual values of Cryptosporidium oocysts and particles of 2 to 7 µm during ripening, an aspect that needs further evaluation. Under stable operation, average removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts by upflow direct filtration was >3.87 log. During ripening, removal of oocysts was around 1 log lower.
Wave Glider Observations of Surface Waves During Three Tropical Cyclones in the South China Sea
Authors: Tian Di , Zhang Han , Zhang Wenyan , Zhou Feng , Sun Xiujun , Zhou Ying , Ke Daoxun
Published: May 2020

Surface waves induced by tropical cyclones (TCs) play an important role in the air–sea interaction, yet are seldom observed. In the 2017 summer, a wave glider in the northern South China Sea successfully acquired the surface wave parameters when three TCs (Hato, Pakhar, and Mawar) passed though successively. During the three TCs, surface wave period increased from 4–6 s to ~8–10 s and surface wave height increased from 0–1 m to 3–8 m. The number of wave crests observed in a time interval of 1024 s decreased from 100–150 to 60–75. The sea surface roughness, a key factor in determining the momentum transfer between air and sea, increased rapidly during Hato, Pakhar, and Mawar. Surface waves rotated clockwise (anti-clockwise) on the right (left) side of the TC track, and generally propagated to the right side of the local cyclonic tangential direction relative to the TC center. The azimuthal dependence of the wave propagation direction is close to sinusoidal in a region within 50–600 km. The intersection angle between surface wave direction and the local cyclonic tangential direction is generally smallest in the right-rear quadrant of the TC and tends to be largest in the left-rear quadrant. This new set of glider wave observational data proves to be useful for assessing wave forecast products and for improvements in corresponding parameterization schemes.
Comparison of Local and Global Optimization Methods for Calibration of a 3D Morphodynamic Model of a Curved Channel
Authors: Shoarinezhad Vahid , Wieprecht Silke , Haun Stefan
Published: May 2020

In curved channels, the flow characteristics, sediment transport mechanisms, and bed evolution are more complex than in straight channels, owing to the interaction between the centrifugal force and the pressure gradient, which results in the formation of secondary currents. Therefore, using an appropriate numerical model that considers this fully three-dimensional effect, and subsequently, the model calibration are substantial tasks for achieving reliable simulation results. The calibration of numerical models as a subjective approach can become challenging and highly time-consuming, especially for inexperienced modelers, due to dealing with a large number of input parameters with respect to hydraulics and sediment transport. Using optimization methods can notably facilitate and expedite the calibration procedure by reducing the user intervention, which results in a more objective selection of parameters. This study focuses on the application of four different optimization algorithms for calibration of a 3D morphodynamic numerical model of a curved channel. The performance of a local gradient-based method is compared with three global optimization algorithms in terms of accuracy and computational time (model runs). The outputs of the optimization methods demonstrate similar sets of calibrated parameters and almost the same degree of accuracy according to the achieved minimum of the objective function. Accordingly, the most efficient method concerning the number of model runs (i.e., local optimization method) is selected for further investigation by setting up additional numerical models using different sediment transport formulae and various discharge rates. The comparisons of bed topography changes in several longitudinal and cross-sections between the measured data and the results of the calibrated numerical models are presented. The outcomes show an acceptable degree of accuracy for the automatically calibrated models.
Species-Richness Responses to Water-Withdrawal Scenarios and Minimum Flow Levels: Evaluating Presumptive Standards in the Tennessee and Cumberland River Basins
Authors: Driver Lucas J. , Cartwright Jennifer M. , Knight Rodney R. , Wolfe William J.
Published: May 2020

Water-resource managers are challenged to balance growing water demand with protecting aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity. Management decisions can benefit from improved understanding of water-withdrawal impacts on hydrologic regimes and ecological assemblages. This study used ecological limit functions for fish groups within the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins to predict species richness responses under simulated constant-rate (CR) and percent-of-flow (POF) withdrawals and for different minimum flow level protections. Streamflow characteristics (SFC) and richness were generally less sensitive to POF withdrawals than CR withdrawals among sites, fish groups, and ecoregions. Species richness generally declined with increasing withdrawals, but responses were variable depending on site-specific departures of SFCs from reference conditions, drainage area, fish group, ecoregion, and minimum flow level. Under POF withdrawals, 10% and 20% daily flow reductions often resulted in loss of <1 species and/or ≤5% richness among fish groups. Median ecological withdrawal thresholds ranged from 3.5–31% for POF withdrawals and from 0.01–0.92 m3/s for CR withdrawals across fish groups and ecoregions. Application of minimum flow level cutoffs often resulted in damping effects on SFC and richness responses, indicating that protection of low streamflows may mitigate hydrologic alteration and fish species richness loss related to water withdrawals. Site-specific and regionally summarized responses of flow regimes and fish assemblages under alternative withdrawal strategies in this study may be useful in informing water-management decisions regarding streamflow allocation and maintaining ecological flows.
An Improved SCS-CN Method Incorporating Slope, Soil Moisture, and Storm Duration Factors for Runoff Prediction
Authors: Shi Wenhai , Wang Ni
Published: May 2020

Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) is a popular surface runoff prediction method because it is simple in principle, convenient in application, and easy to accept. However, the method still has several limitations, such as lack of a land slope factor, discounting the storm duration, and the absence of guidance on antecedent moisture conditions. In this study, an equation was developed to improve the SCS-CN method by combining the CN value with the tabulated CN2 value and three introduced factors (slope gradient, soil moisture, and storm duration). The proposed method was tested for calibration and validation with a dataset from three runoff plots in a watershed of the Loess Plateau. The results showed the model efficiencies of the proposed method were improved to 80.58% and 80.44% during the calibration and validation period, respectively, which was better than the standard SCS-CN and the other two modified SCS-CN methods where only a single factor of soil moisture or slope gradient was considered, respectively. Using the parameters calibrated and validated by dataset of the initial three runoff plots, the proposed method was then applied to runoff estimation of the remaining three runoff plots in another watershed. The proposed method reduced the root-mean-square error between the observed and estimated runoff values from 5.53 to 2.01 mm. Furthermore, the parameters of soil moisture (b1 and b2) is the most sensitive, followed by parameters in storm duration (c) and slope equations (a1 and a2), and the least sensitive parameter is the initial abstraction ratio λ on the basis of the proposed method sensitivity analysis. Conclusions can be drawn from the above results that the proposed method incorporating the three factors in the SCS method may estimate runoff more accurately in the Loess Plateau of China.
Modeling Improved Performance of Reduced-Height Biosand Water Filter Designs
Authors: Phillips James A. , Smidt Samuel J.
Published: May 2020

Point-of-use biosand water filters are widely distributed in undeveloped or developing regions due to their water treatment success and low-cost design, but two gaps remain in the basic technology: (1) the filter body is oversized relative to its contaminant removal performance, and (2) the heavy design largely excludes difficult to reach locations in need of clean water solutions. Here, we model design modifications to the v.10 Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology biosand filter using a reduced filter height, increased biolayer area, and conserved reservoir volume. We compare the hydraulic characteristics (dynamic velocity and head pressure) and percent contaminant removal of bacteria Escherichia coli and virus MS2 of the modified designs to the traditional control design using a finite element approximation of Darcy’s law with discrete time steps and a slow-sand filtration model. We demonstrate that a reduced-height design has a greater impact on contaminant removal compared to the traditional design (largely due to the increased residence time from the decreased flow rate inside the filter). For example, our 70% reduced-height filter design removed 99.5% and 73.93% of E. coli and MS2, respectively, where the traditional filter design removed 62.81% and 27.6%, respectively. Reduced-height designs should be pursued as a viable solution to improve filter performance while allowing for alternative construction techniques with greater end-user accessibility compared to the traditional design.
The Effect of Feed Composition on the Structure of Zooplankton Communities in Fishponds
Authors: Tóth Flórián , Zsuga Katalin , Kerepeczki Éva , Berzi-Nagy László , Jakabné Sándor Zsuzsanna , Körmöczi László
Published: May 2020

With the intensification of aquaculture, the structure and dynamics of aquatic ecosystems are highly affected. At the same time, for a pond fish farmer, one of the most important tasks is to establish and maintain stable and favourable zooplankton populations. In this paper, we assess the effects of different supplementary feed types on zooplankton communities in freshwater fishponds. In an outdoor, experimental fishpond system, carp individuals of 2+ years of age were stocked and fed with either a fishmeal-based diet (FF), a plant meal containing experimental feed (PF) or cereals (CT). To compare the diversity of the zooplankton communities, we used the Shannon diversity index, and to assess the effects of environmental factors and the feed ingredients, we applied canonical correspondence analysis. We described the dynamics of zooplankton communities, where the biodiversity of rotifera and Crustacean communities showed temporal differences. In order to examine the effects of feed ingredients, temporal clustering was applied. The different diets did not consistently alter the composition of zooplankton communities. Consequently, the plant meal containing experimental feed had no negative effect on the planktonic biodiversity, which makes it suitable as an alternative feed source for fishponds at the applied level.
middle test ilmu sejarah dan pendidikan ips devi oktaviani
Authors: oktaviani devi
Published: May 2020

Ujian Tengah Semester Ilmu Sejarah dan Pendidikan IPS Devi Oktaviani. Di dalam lembar jawaban ini saya menjelaskan mengenai pengembangan sistem pendidikan di Indonesia didasarkan pada buku "Sejarah Pendidikan Indonesia" yang menerima banyak perkembangan dari negara-negara asing, baik selama pengembangan Hindu-Budha dan Perkembangan Islam, dan juga perkembangan pendidikan selama era kolonialisme. Pendidikan itu sendiri mengalami perkembangan dan berdampak pada masyarakat Indonesia.
EFFECTS OF DOUBLE V-SHAPED OPENERS WITH FURROW COMPACTION FUNCTION ON SEEDBED CHARACTERISTICS AND SOYBEAN EMERGENCE UNDER DOUBLE ROW RIDGE CULTIVATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Zheng Jiaxin , Fang Jiameng , Zhao Yuqing , Zhao Yong , Yang Zhi , Chen Rong
Published: May 2020

Based on the technical characteristics of double-row ridge planting, a double V-shaped opener with the furrow compaction function was designed. This opener with the sliding knife and profiling mechanism was capable of furrow opening, compacting and profiling, and thereby created excellent seedbeds with tight bottom and soft soils. Through sunlight greenhouse tests, the effects of the double V-shaped opener on seedbed characteristics and soybean emergence were studied under the compaction forces of T1 (0 N), T2 (500 N), T3 (600 N) and T4 (700 N). The furrow compaction planting significantly affected the seedbed characteristics and soybean emergence and could preserve soil moisture in seedbeds. Under the semiarid condition, the average emergence time under T2 was 0.79 day earlier than under T1, and the emergence rates under T2, T3 and T4 were significantly raised. The seedling height uniformity under T2 was 5.34% higher than under T1. The average emergence time ranked from early to later as T3<T4<T2. The deep seeding uniformity, the emergence uniformity and the average seedling height were all improved as the furrow compaction force was enlarged within 500-700 N. Furrow compaction could preserve soil moisture in seedbeds, and the seedbed soil physical properties and soybean seedling emergence were optimized under the furrow compaction force of 600-700 N.
As Transformações do Carnaval Ouro-Pretano na Década de 1980
Authors: Soutto Mayor Sarah Teixeira
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar e discutir as transformações observadas no carnaval da cidade de Ouro Preto (Minas Gerais), durante a década de 1980, atentando-se, especificamente, às inciativas mercadológicas gestadas neste momento. Para isso foram pesquisadas reportagens do jornal Estado de Minas, principal periódico circulante no estado no período em questão. Pode-se concluir que o ano de 1984 configura-se como um marco para as transformações da festa, pois nessa ocasião, houve uma explícita preocupação em tornar o carnaval um atrativo turístico, com um auxílio representativo de investimentos públicos e privados, situação não vislumbrada anteriormente. Essas iniciativas contribuíram para que o carnaval de Ouro Preto, pouco popular nas páginas do jornal no início dos anos 1980, fosse divulgado como um dos principais do estado no final da década.
Dignidade Humana e o Direito ao Lazer entre Universitários do Alto Tietê
Authors: Aguiar Carla Alessandra Branca Ramos Silva , Bonini Luci Mendes de Melo
Published: May 2020

Este estudo objetiva descrever a importância que os universitários atribuem ao lazer, assim como busca-se compreender como eles investem seu tempo disponível em atividades que lhes tragam descontração e bem estar, respeitando o princípio da dignidade humana. Para tanto realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva de corte transversal, utilizando-se um questionário constituído de questões abertas e fechadas para apurar a realidade cotidiana dos entrevistados, alunos do curso Tecnólogo de Gestão em Recursos Humanos, período noturno de uma universidade particular da região do Alto Tietê. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que os universitários têm pouco tempo para o lazer e por isso aproveitam o tempo livre da semana, principalmente para descansar, estar com a família e fazer atividades que os façam relaxar e esquecer o estresse do dia a dia.
Análise do Impacto das Políticas Públicas de esportes e Lazer em Petrópolis
Authors: Farjalla Renato
Published: May 2020

Analisamos o Programa de Iniciação ao Desporto (PID) de Petrópolis, RJ, política pública de atividades esportivas para crianças no contraturno escolar. Este programa não possui ferramenta de avaliação de impacto, analisamos o impacto. Os resultados obtidos apontam para o êxito destas ações, os diretores responsáveis acreditam que os projetos contribuem para a disciplina (92,4%), respeito aos professores (78,9%), cooperação (100%) e desenvolvimento dos alunos (100%). Os professores apontam que as atividades do projeto são capazes de desenvolver responsabilidade (52,2%), apontam para melhorias na aprendizagem dos alunos (57,7%) e acreditam que a prática esportiva melhora os alunos (100%). Os pais de alunos apontam mais ânimo para frequentar a escola (67,7), diagnosticando seu caráter assistencialista. Apontamos a falta de clareza na formulação, implantação e controle do programa.
Atuação de Diferentes Profissionais em Brinquedotecas Hospitalares
Authors: Silva Lucas Tagliari da , Paula Ercília Maria Angeli Teixeira de
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os diferentes profissionais e suas características no trabalho com brinquedotecas com crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados. A metodologia desse trabalho foi a análise de produções acadêmicas que tratavam dos diferentes profissionais que atuavam em brinquedotecas hospitalares. Nos artigos analisados foi possível observar que existem diferentes profissionais atuando nas brinquedotecas hospitalares tais como: profissionais de Educação Física, Psicologia, Terapia-Ocupacional e Pedagogia. Como resultado, surgiu então à necessidade de refletir sobre as contribuições que cada área possui para estruturação das brinquedotecas, bem como a compreensão das atividades propostas e seus objetivos no trato com crianças e adolescentes em situação de internação nas brinquedotecas hospitalares.
Memórias da Constituição do Cenário Esportivo Amador em Santa Catarina
Authors: Nunes Camila da Cunha , Mattedi Marcos Antônio
Published: May 2020

A constituição do cenário esportivo de Santa Catarina está relacionada com o processo de ocupação e desenvolvimento da região. No final do século XIX, muitas sociedades de tradição alemã foram fundadas no estado. As sociedades estavam relacionadas com os colonizadores europeus, que se estabeleceram e constituíram redes sociais. No início, foram desenvolvidos esportes como o tiro e a ginástica. Posteriormente, com o apoio das sociedades, há um período de transição no esporte do estado. É criada uma competição de esporte amador - os Jogos Abertos de Santa Catarina - que engloba várias modalidades esportivas, todas disputadas ao mesmo tempo. A partir desse marco na esfera esportiva, o esporte amador em Santa Catarina reestruturar-se. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo é refletir sobre a constituição do cenário esportivo amador em Santa Catarina. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
Os Jovens e os Videojogos Ativos
Authors: Couto José Carlos Almeida , Pereira Antonino
Published: May 2020

Os videojogos ativos, também conhecidos por Exergames, procuram promover uma maior interação e movimento durante a sua prática. Este estudo pretende descrever e compreender as representações e práticas de 40 alunos do concelho de Penalva do Castelo (Portugal) relativamente aos EXG. Recorreu-se à entrevista como instrumento de recolha de dados e à análise de conteúdo como técnica de análise de dados. Os resultados revelam que os alunos mais novos conceptualizam os EXG como os jogos em que têm que usar o movimento do corpo para jogá-los e os mais velhos preferem defini-los como jogos em que fazem movimento e exercício físico. Sobre os hábitos da sua prática são as raparigas que mais os jogam e os rapazes que mais tempo gastam. A quase totalidade dos alunos possui uma consola em casa e dão preferência à Wii. As razões da prática dos EXG são o divertimento e a prática de atividade física.
Comportamentos Urbanos e Esportes
Authors: Silva Marcelo Moraes e
Published: May 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender como as novas formas de comportamento, surgidas na transição dos séculos XIX e XX em Curitiba, contribuíram para a consolidação da esportivização das práticas corporais na cidade. Para alcançar tal intento foi utilizado como fontes jornais curitibano do período. O intuito foi o de apresentar a ambiência das duas primeiras práticas esportivas institucionalizadas da cidade: o Turfe e a Pelota Basca. Ao final, conclui-se que os novos hábitos urbanos contribuíram significativamente na maior esportivização do Turfe e da Pelota Basca.
O Samba no Contexto do Candomblé
Authors: Nigri Bruno Silva , Debortoli José Alfredo Oliveira
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo aborda o samba produzido no candomblé. Apresentamos uma descrição de um contexto de prática do samba a partir de uma incursão em uma casa de candomblé de Angola na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Propomos apresentar reflexões relacionando-o a elementos como a festa, o mito e a sacralidade. Considerando que no contexto dos terreiros há práticas de sentido e de produção cotidiana, indagamos possibilidades para ancorar o entendimento das experiências de lazer, ultrapassando argumentos que situam esta noção em uma lógica de modernidade eurocêntrica. Enfatizamos o samba como experiência cultural, na qual se produzem sentidos marcados por uma história e tradição afro-brasileira.
analisis higiene sanitasi dan keberadaan bakteri escherichia coli pada peralatan makan (piring) di warung lesehan pada wilayah babarsari
Authors: Lado Ronaldo Yunus , Kristiani Eva Runi , Febriani Heni
Published: May 2020

Timbulnya bahaya keracunan dalam makanan dan peralatan makanan dapat terjadi karena telah terkontaminasi oleh Bakteri Esc herichia coli akibat perilaku penjamah makanan yang tidak higiene. Peralatan makan merupakan salah satu faktor yang memegang peran penting dalam penularan penyakit, sebab alat makan yang tidak bersih dan mengandung mikroorganisme dapat menularkan penyakit melalui makanan.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui higiene sanitasi dan keberadaan bakteri Escherichia coli pada peralatan makan (piring) di warung lesehan pada wilayah Babarsari.Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan analisa laboratorium untuk mengetahui keberadaan bakteri Escherichia coli. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 responden. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 15 responden dengan metode simple random sampling. Hasil inspeksi higiene sanitasi penjamah makanan didapatkan 1 responden ktriteria baik, sedangkan 13 responden kriteria cukup dan 1 responden kriteria jelek. Hasil laboratorium paling banyak bakteri Escherichia coli pada responden dengan kode O yaitu sebanyak 4.3xCFU/cm2 dan hasil paling sedikit pada responden dengan kode K yaitu sebanyak 3xCFU/cm2. Hasil inspeksi higiene sanitasi penjamah makanan didapatkan 1 responden kriteria baik, sejalan dengan hasil laboratorium paling sedikit pada responden dengan kode K yaitu sebanyak 3xCFU/cm2. Sedangkan 1 responden kriteria jelek, sejalan dengan hasil laboratorium paling banyak bakteri Escherichia coli pada responden dengan kode O yaitu sebanyak 4.3xCFU/cm2 .
Sistem Informasi Pengarsipan Sertifikat Tanah pada Badan Pertanahan Nasional Aceh Besar
Authors: Yanty Rosi Very
Published: May 2020

The design of the land certificate filing system was built to facilitate the work process in managing land certificate records, especially in the field of archives at the Aceh Besar National Land Agency, which is intended to streamline computerized data processing to support technical implementation in carrying out more accurate land certificate data processing, effective and efficient. A land certificate is a tool or means to convey statements or information in writing from one party to another party. Such information can be in the form of notifications, statements, requests, reports, objections, thoughts, questions, and so on. The design of the system used by the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method, a software development process model classified as incremental (multilevel) techniques. Applications used for making applications are Microsoft Visual Basic .NET as interface design and Microsoft Office Access as a DBMS. The test results of this application are the systems that are built already meet the needs, the input data process has met the needs and the resulting report has met the needs.Keywords:Land Certificate Filing System, Information System, Visual Basic .NET