bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A change in the timing for starting systemic therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma : the comparison of sorafenib and lenvatinib as the first-line treatment
Authors: Hatanaka T , Kakizaki S , Nagashima T , Ueno T , Namikawa M , Tojima H , Takizawa D , Naganuma A , Arai H , Sato K , Harimoto N , Shirabe K , Uraoka T
Published: May 2021

Aim : The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to evaluate the differences in the timing for starting systemic therapies as the first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods : A total of 375 patients with HCC treated with sorafenib from May 2009 to March 2018 and 56 patients treated with lenvatinib from March 2018 to November 2018 at our affiliated hospitals were included in this study. Results : The median ages of the sorafenib and lenvatinib groups were 71.0 (interquartile range [IQR] : 64.0-77.0) and 73.5 (IQR : 68.0 -80.0) years old, and 300 (80.0%) and 42 (75.0%) patients were men, respectively. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage was early, intermediate and advanced in 39 patients (10.4%), 133 patients (35.5%) and 203 patients (54.1%) in the sorafenib group and 1 patient (1.8%), 17 patients (30.4%) and 38 patients (67.9%)in the lenvatinib group, respectively. In the analysis of intermediate HCC, patients who satisfied the criteria of TACE failure/refractoriness(P=0.017), those with ALBI grade 1 (P=0.040), and those with a serum AFP level <200 ng/ml (P=0.027)were found more frequently in the lenvatinib group than in the sorafenib group, with statistical significance. The objective response rate (ORR) of lenvatinib was 34.8% in the overall patients and 46.7%in the intermediate-stage HCC patients, which was significantly higher than sorafenib (P=0.001, P=0.017). Conclusions : The emergence of lenvatinib has encouraged physicians to start systemic chemotherapy earlier in intermediate-stage HCC patients.
Current ERCP practice in Belgium: the BSGIE survey
Authors: Snauwaert C , Dekoninck X , Moreels T
Published: May 2021

Background and study aims : Data on procedural outcome and quality of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in Belgian practice are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess current status of ERCP-performance in Belgium.

Methods : National multi-institutional survey (online question-naire) among members of the Belgian Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (BSGIE), conducted in the period June-August 2018. The RIZIV/INAMI provided real-life data on the total number of ERCPs performed in Belgium.

Results : Forty-five responders completed the survey (for43 centers performing ERCP), providing information for 8368 ERCPs performed in 45% (43/95) of institutions performing ERCP in Belgium. Fifty-eight percent of centers performed > 100 ERCPs/year and 7% of centers (n=3) performed < 50 ERCPs/year. According to the RIZIV/INAMI data, low case-volume centers are underrepresented in this survey. The most common ERCP-indication was stone extraction (52%). 74% of endoscopists had more than 10 years of experience in performing ERCP. The majority of centers had their own written protocol (84%) for microbiological duodenoscope surveillance. Monitoring of cannulation rate and post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) was only performed in a minority of centers (30%). The majority of centers (76%) provided verbal informed consent relating to the ERCP-procedure ; a minority also requested a written informed consent (23%). 65% of centers systematically use NSAIDs for PEP-prophylaxis.

Conclusion : This is the first survey of ERCP performance in Belgium. There were wide variations in practice. Adherence to key performance measures and measurement and evaluation of ERCP performance in daily practice at center and endoscopist level are not uniformly widespread.
Role of endoscopy in suspicion of atrophic gastritis with and without intestinal metaplasia in comparison to histopathology
Authors: Ibrahim H , Shams El-Deen A , Kasemy ZA , Saad M , Sakr AA
Published: May 2021

Background and study aims : Atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are established premalignant gastric lesions. Many studies documented a poor correlation between esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and histopathological (HP) findings of precancerous gastric lesions. The aim was to bridge the gap between endoscopy and HP in detection of chronic gastritis, AG and IM.

Patients and methods : a prospective single-center study involved 150 patients with endoscopic criteria of gastric lesions with upper gastrointestinal symptoms referred for upper GI endoscopy met the endoscopic criteria and classified according to HP of biopsies from targeted gastric lesions into chronic gastritis (GI), AG(GII) or IM(GIII). We correlated the endoscopic criteria of the 3 groups with the HP results.

Results : (73males & 75 females) with ages ranged17-75 years and mean± SD was 41.96 ± 15.95. GI, GII &GIII were [42 patients (28%),82 patients (54.7%) and 26 patients (17.3%)], respectively. Diffuse gastric mottling was more common in GI (74.3%, P<0.001), visible submucosal vessels, gastric atrophy predominated in GII (75.6, 82.3 & 73.1% (P 0.005,0.4 & <0.01)), respectively. Whitish raised lesions were more specific in GIII (85.7%) (P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of endoscopic suspicion of chronic gastritis were (86&88% in GI), (87&85% in GII) and (54% &100% in GIII) (p-0.001). The logistic regression model for risk factors was χ2= 25.74 and 49.32, p < 0.001.

Conclusion : Conventional endoscopy has high sensitivity and specificity for suspicion of chronic gastritis and AG, but low sensitivity and very high specificity for IM. Targeted biopsies may be valuable with image enhanced techniques.
Belgian consensus guideline on the management of hemorrhoidal disease
Authors: De Schepper H , Coremans G , Denis M.A. , Dewint P , Duinslaeger M , Gijsen I , Haers P , Komen N , Remue C , Roelandt P , Somers M , Surmont M , Van de Putte D , Van den Broeck S , Van Kemseke C , De Looze D
Published: May 2021

Introduction : Hemorrhoidal disease is a common problem that arises when hemorrhoidal structures become engorged and/or prolapse through the anal canal. Both conservative and invasive treatment options are diverse and guidance to their implementation is lacking.

Methods : A Delphi consensus process was used to review current literature and draft relevant statements. These were reconciliated until sufficient agreement was reached. The grade of evidence was determined. These guidelines were based on the published literature up to June 2020.

Results : Hemorrhoids are normal structures within the anorectal region. When they become engorged or slide down the anal canal, symptoms can arise. Every treatment for symptomatic hemorrhoids should be tailored to patient profile and expectations. For low-grade hemorrhoids, conservative treatment should consist of fiber supplements and can include a short course of venotropics. Instrumental treatment can be added case by case : infrared coagulation or rubber band ligation when prolapse is more prominent. For prolapsing hemorrhoids, surgery can be indicated for refractory cases. Conventional hemorrhoidectomy is the most efficacious intervention for all grades of hemorrhoids and is the only choice for non-reducible prolapsing hemorrhoids.

Conclusions : The current guidelines for the management of hemorrhoidal disease include recommendations for the clinical evaluation of hemorrhoidal disorders, and their conservative, instrumental and surgical management.
Tratamiento con pregabalina en pacientes con fibromialgia
Authors: Herrera Bornes Maria Florencia
Published: May 2021

A partir de una viñeta clínica, la autora describe los resultados de dos revisiones sistemáticas que evaluaron la eficacia y la seguridad de la pregabalina para el alivio del dolor en pacientes con fibromialgia.
Características perilaríngeas y semiológicas de mujeres con odinofonía
Authors: Fuentes Aracena Christopher , Biermann Christopher , Catrín Luciano , Zúñiga Támara
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las características perilaríngeas y semiológicas de mujeres con odinofonía. Mediante el uso de algometría de presión, de una escala numérica y de una encuesta sometida a procesos de validación y de consistencia interna, se trabajó con 40 participantes de sexo femenino. Se formaron dos grupos de 20 sujetos cada uno (G1 o asintomático y G2 o con odinofonía). Los umbrales de presión de G1 se encontraron entre los 1000 y 2700 gramos, mientras que los de G2 fluctuaron entre los 500 y 2000 gramos (p = 0.000). El 60 % de las participantes indicó que el lugar de menor umbral de presión es donde siente habitualmente el dolor durante la fonación. A su vez, se observó que la odinofonía es una condición que mejora con el descanso, se acompaña principalmente de sensación de irritación y de picazón del tracto vocal, su localización tiende a ser precisa y ocasionalmente afecta a la deglución. Por último, se observó que la intensidad habitual de la odinofonía es moderada. En conclusión, la odinofonía se trata de una condición que se produce con la sobrecarga vocal y se acompaña de aumento en la sensibilidad perilaríngea. Las mujeres con odinofonía presentan características semiológicas y psicosociales específicas para su condición.
Risk Factors Predicting Upper Urinary Tract Damage in Patients With Myelodysplasia: Data Analysis of 637 Cases From A Single Center
Authors: Deng Han , Wang Zhaoxia , Liao Limin , Wu Juan , Wang Yue
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To determine the risk factors predicting upper urinary tract (UUT) damage using a grading system for upper urinary tract dilation (UUTD) and a descriptive system for all urinary tract dysfunction (AUTD) in patients with myelodysplasia.Methods: Six hundred thirty-seven patients with myelodysplasia were evaluated at our center from January 2008 to November 2019. Clinical data, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance urography, and video-urodynamics (VUDS) parameters were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk factors predicting UUT damage.Results: Three hundred eighty-three males and 254 females were included. The average course of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was 14.08±7.07 years (range, 3–31 years). The urodynamic diagnoses of all patients were as follows: detrusor overactivity, 26.8%; detrusor underactivity, 6.44%; and acontractile detrusor, 66.72%. UUT damage was determined in 66.56% of the patients. Of the patients, 28.73 % had vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) during filling (bilateral, n=50; unilateral, n=133) on fluoroscopy during VUDS testing. Two hundred thirty-four patients had UUTD (bilateral, n=203; unilateral, n=31). The occurrence of hydronephrosis based on ultrasonography was closely related to ipsilateral VUR (P<0.05). Absent of bladder sensation, long-term course of LUTS, decreased maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) and bladder compliance (BC), and increased postvoid residual urine (PVR) were shown to be independent risk factors in logistic regression analysis.Conclusions: This retrospective study using UUTD and AUTD systems indicated that patients with myelodysplasia have a high incidence of UUT damage. Absence of bladder sensation, long-term course of LUTS, decreased MCC and BC, and increased PVR were independent risk factors predicting UUT damage.
What is the Cause of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection? Contemporary Microscopic Concepts of Pathophysiology
Authors: Kim Aram , Ahn Jae Hak , Choi Woo Suk , Park Hyoung Keun , Kim Sehwan , Paick Sung Hyun , Kim Hyeong Gon
Published: May 2021

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infectious disease and are mainly caused by Escherichia coli. In this review, we introduce the current concept of recurrent UTI (rUTI) based on recent research dealing with pathophysiology of the disease. Although urine is considered sterile, recent studies dealing with microbiome have proposed different ideas. UTIs have typically been considered as extracellular infections, but recently, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) has been shown to bind and replicate in the urothelium to make intracellular bacterial communities. Binding UPECs might proceed in many ways including extracellular expulsion for clearance or survival and quiescent intracellular reservoirs that can cause rUTI. Moreover, it is also suggested that other important factors, such as lipopolysaccharide and multimicrobial infection, can be the cause of rUTI. This review article reveals a key mechanism of recurrence and discusses what makes a pathway of resolution or recurrence in a host after initial infection.
Korean Version of the Patient Perception of Study Medication Questionnaire: Translation and Linguistic Validation
Authors: Kim Tae Jin , Lee Kwang Suk , Ahn Hyun Kyu , Yoo Jeong Woo , Koo Kyo Chul
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The patient perception of study medication (PPSM) questionnaire consists of 12 questions designed to quantify patient satisfaction with the efficacy of study treatment by focusing on specific changes that patients experience during the study period. This study aimed to develop a Korean version of the PPSM questionnaire.Methods: The linguistic validation process consisted of obtaining permission for translation, forward translation, reconciliation, backward translation, cognitive debriefing, and proofreading. Two independent bilingual translators translated the original version of the questionnaire, and a panel discussed and combined the 2 versions. Another independent translator performed backward translation of the reconciled version, after which 15 patients underwent the cognitive debriefing.Results: The 12 questions and 4 response scales of the PPSM questionnaire were forward translated into 2 Korean versions. The terms were adjusted to conceptually equivalent expressions in Korean. After backward translation, the panel made minor changes to the forward translations for brevity and better readability. No difficulties were experienced during cognitive debriefing by 15 patients, and all items were reported to be generally easy to understand.Conclusions: The Korean version of the PPSM questionnaire has been successfully translated and validated. The questionnaire is appropriate for assessing symptom satisfaction in patients that undergo benign prostatic hyperplasia pharmacotherapy.
The chemical composition of pollen, staminate catkins, and honey of Castanea sativa Mill.
Authors: Horčinová Sedláčková Vladimíra , Grygorieva Olga , Fatrcová Šramková Katarína , Shelepova Olga , Goncharovska Inna , Mňahončáková Erika
Published: May 2021

The chemical composition of pollen and honey primarily depends on the botanical and geographical origin of the species, as well as other factors – climatic conditions, soil type, plant species, etc. The present study was to knowledge the biochemical profile of pollen, staminate catkins, and honey samples of Castanea sativa Mill. which were examined under conditions of Ukraine. Proteins are the major components of pollen and staminate catkins (169.0 ±1.60 g.kg-1 and 69.8 ±1.67 g.kg-1, respectively), while saccharides are predominant in honey samples (38.0 ±1.32 g.kg-1 fructose, 32.5 ±0.68 glucose g.kg−1 and 6.1 ±0.06 g.kg-1 sucrose). Glutamic acid (13.30 g.kg-1), aspartic acid (13.05 g.kg-1), and proline (12.45 g.kg-1) were predominant nonessential amino acids in the chestnut pollen. The content of macro and microelements was found in the pollen and staminate catkins much higher than in the honey. All Castanea sativa samples are a very valuable source of potassium as the main mineral element contained in pollen (7400 mg.kg-1), staminate catkins (7760 mg.kg-1), and honey (981 mg.kg-1). Microelements such as manganese and iron prevailed in pollen (478 mg.kg-1 Mn and 461 mg.kg-1 Fe), and staminate catkins (247 mg.kg-1 Mn and 109 mg.kg-1 Fe), and heavy metals (Hg, Sr, Sn, Sb, Li) are present only in the pollen samples with the most abundant Sr (12.8 mg.kg-1) and Sn (1.9 mg.kg-1) content and can be used as indicator suggesting the environmental pollution status in the region. Regarding the vitamin content, vitamin C was the most represented in all samples. Obtained results indicate that chestnut is species with important constituents such as amino acids and vitamins, with low content of heavy metals and high content of biogenic elements that may be used in phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.
Empirical Study on Preference Similarity Theory in China’s Overseas Exhibitions
Authors: Lin Airtok , Yang Grant G.L.
Published: May 2021

As a part of the modern economic system, the exhibition industry has shown vigorous development and has attracted the general attention of all countries worldwide. The international exhibitions bring together many industries with wide influence, great development potential, and a high degree of industrial relevance. A large amount of information, technology, capital, and talents are gathered to promote the development and progress of commodity trade, industry development, technological and cultural exchanges, which play an important role in bringing considerable benefits to the global economy. Overseas exhibitions can provide excellent business opportunities for enterprises as an efficient marketing method, not only insincerity but also more access to potential customers. Based on the overseas exhibitions that China has participated in, this paper analyzes and proves the Preferences Similar Theories in China’s participation in the Belt and Road and non-the Belt and Road countries. Results of this study may suggest the future layout of the global exhibition.
The Theoretical Possibility of the Mundellian-Trilemma in Practice
Authors: Zhang Helen , Wang Lu- Yao
Published: May 2021

Mundellian-Trilemma depicts that the impossibility of three policy goals, monetary policy independence, open capital market and fixed exchange rate. The depiction of the Mundellian-Trilemma appears true under an assumption of zero arbitrage costs across international markets. In practice, however, the transaction costs can be enormous to hinder the capital across international markets. Hence, by relaxing the assumption of zero arbitrage costs, this paper demonstrates a theoretical possibility of the trilemma in practice.
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT IS AN ECOLOGICAL AFFAIR: EVERY PIECE MATTERS
Authors:   Indiana University South Bend, Larrier Yvonne , Kelleybrew Vanessa ,   Indiana University South Bend
Published: May 2021

In the USA, every 26 seconds a student drops out of high school, 7,000 students a day and over 1.2 million a year. How students experience school influences their level of success. Ecological factors influence students’ engagement and disengagement in their academic journey. Dropping out is the result of a long-term process of disengagement and not a reactive, one-time event. Helping students experience school success increases the likelihood of their college and career productivity, while simultaneously decreasing risky behavior. We posit that foundational to student engagement are the five core social-emotional competencies (SECs): self-awareness, self-management, relationship management, social awareness, and responsible decision making. We believe that students can become behaviorally, emotionally, and cognitively engaged when they are equipped with the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to recognize, understand, manage, express, and reflect on their thoughts, interactions, mindsets, and emotions (RUMERTIME™) as it relates to self, others, and situations.
ANALYSIS OF ENDOCRINE RESPONSE TO PERCEIVED DIFFERENCE IN CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTIONS
Authors: Woolford-Hunt Carole , Murray Marlene , Guerra Tevni , Beenken-Johnson Kristina
Published: May 2021

We live in a world where awareness of ethnic and cultural diversity is an ever increasing reality. Business and education turn to the social sciences to inform them about how to manage and optimize cross-cultural interactions. Although much research has been done on the impact of cross-cultural interactions on a wide range of variables, one less researched area is the endocrine response to cross-cultural interactions. In this study we set out to investigate the endocrine response to cross cultural interactions and the impact of these interactions on perceived differences. To do so we measured the pre and post levels of the stress hormone cortisol of individuals communicating in dyads for 15 minutes. Results showed a significant impact of ethnic interaction on perceived differences and cortisol levels. Practical implications of these findings could have application in the areas of education, psychology, business and human relations in general. Implications for further research are discussed.
INTEGRATING A SERVANT LEADERSHIP FRAMEWORK: PREPARING TEACHING AND SCHOOL COUNSELING STUDENTS FOR COLLABORATION
Authors: Harris Pamela N. , Hockaday Marquita S.
Published: May 2021

Culturally responsive servant leadership may serve as a model for school counselor and teacher graduate students to create collaborative partnerships in the K-12 setting. Currently, research about servant leadership in school counselor and teacher preparation programs is limited, and research regarding teacher-school counselor partnerships. Thus, the authors propose an interdisciplinary project in which graduate students in school counseling and teacher preparation programs work collaboratively to create culturally responsive professional development integrating the components of the servant leadership framework. The authors expect the outcome of the project to impact graduate students’ continued professional endeavors, and inform future quantitative and qualitative studies regarding teacher-school counselor collaborative partnerships.
The impact of digital entrepreneurship on the environmental quality of agricultural companies: Evidence from agricultural companies in Jordan valley
Authors: Alhiary Elham , Alsaket Worood
Published: May 2021

The present study aimed to explore the impact of digital entrepreneurship on the environmental quality of agricultural companies. The population consists of 20 big and middle sized companies. The sample consists of 85 individuals. A questionnaire was used for data collection. SPSS program was used. The dimensions of digital entrepreneurship are: (digital knowledge management, digital business environment management, and electronic leadership skills). The dimensions of environmental quality are: (top management commitment, ongoing improvement, and team work). Several results were reached. For instance, it was found that agricultural companies practice digital knowledge management for improving the environmental quality. However, such companies have been facing many challenges. Such challenges include: the fluctuations in the cash flow. The researcher recommends providing talented employees in agricultural companies with incentives. That shall enable those companies to keep up with the latest development in the field.
Preparation, Characterization and Optimization of Irbesartan Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Oral Delivery
Authors: Swamy S Kumara , Alli Ramesh
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate irbesartan (IS) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs; IS-SLNs) that might enhance the oral bioavailability of IS. IS, an angiotensin-receptor antagonist, used to treat hypertension. However, poor aqueous solubility and poor oral bioavailability has limited therapeutic applications of IS. Components of the SLNs include either of trimyristin/tripalmitin/tristearin/trilaurate/stearic acid/beeswax, and surfactants (Poloxamer 188 and soylecithin). The IS-SLNs were prepared by hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication method and evaluated for particle size, poly dispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (EE), drug content and in vitro drug release. The physical stability of optimized formulation was studied at refrigerated and room temperature for two months. The optimized IS-SLN formulation (F4) had a mean diameter of about 217.6±3.62 nm, PDI of 0.163±0.032, ZP of -28.5±4.12, assay of 99.8±0.51 and EE of 93.68±2.47%. The formulation showed sustained drug release compared with control formulation over 24 h. Optimized formulation was found to be stable over two months. IS-SLN showed nearly spherical in shape using and converted to amorphous form by DSC. Thus, the results conclusively demonstrated SLNs could be considered as an alternative delivery system for the oral bioavailability enhancement of IS.
Bacterial Cell, Classification and Required Essential Contents for Growth
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Pundir Sweta
Published: May 2021

The bacterial cell is generally single cellular micro organism that spread easily around us and infect host cell. In this review we discuss about the types and nutrient requirements for growth and spreading of bacteria. The bacteria are various types like as Phototrophs, Autotrophs, Psychrophiles, Mycoplasma etc.
الإجمال والتفصيل في علم الله تعالى بالأشياء (دراسة في التحليل الفلسفي)
Authors: نعيم مجيد اياد
Published: May 2021

تناولنا في دراستنا هذه علم الحق تعالى بذاته وبمخلوقاته، ويعتقد الفلاسفة الإلهيون جميعاً بالعلم الإلهي، وأنّ علم الله تعالى بذاته علم حضوري. ولكن اختلفت آرائهم حول علمه تعالى بمخلوقاته، فمنهم من قال أنّ علمه بالموجودات عن طريق علمه التفصيلي بالمُثل، ومنهم من قال عن طريق اتحاد العاقل والمعقول، ومنهم من قال أنّ علمه عن طريق الحضور، ومنهم من قال أنّ الصور المرتسمة هي متعلق علمه بالموجودات، ومنهم من قال بالثابتات الأزلية، ومنهم من قال بالأعيان الثابتة. ولكن ملاصدرا لم يقبل جميع ما طرح من نظريات وآراء حول العلم الإلهي إلّا إنّه لم يرفضها بالكامل بل سعى إلى أخذ ما فيها من نقاط قوة ليستفاد منها في طرح معتقده حول العلم الإلهي. ومن خلال دائرة النقاش الممنهج الفاعل الذي أجراه لآراء الآخرين قدم نظرية خالصة وخالية من جميع نقاط الضعف، ومزينة بجميع ما يستوجبه العلم الربوبي. وقد أثبت بالبرهان أنّ لله تعالى له علماً بذاته في مرتبة ذاته، وهو عين الذات، وله أيضاً علماً بموجوداته في مرتبة ذاته، وهو المسمى بالعلم قبل الإيجاد، وهذا العلم هو إجمالي في عين الكشف التفصيلي، وله تعالى علماً تفصيلياً بما سوى ذاته من الموجودات في مرتبة ذاتها خارجاً عن الذات المتعالية، وهذا هو العلم بعد الإيجاد، وهو علم حضوري، يكون للمجردات بأنفسها، وللماديات بصورها المجردة.
Một số yếu tố nguy cơ liên quan tăng áp động mạch phổi trên bệnh nhân xơ cứng bì, lupus ban đỏ hệ thống
Authors: Tú Trần Thị Linh , Hương Trương Thanh
Published: May 2021

Tăng áp động mạch phổi ở nhóm bệnh nhân tự miễn là yếu tố báo hiệu tiên lượng xấu của bệnh và gây ảnh hưởng nặng nề hơn so với nhóm bệnh nhân tăng áp động mạch phổi khác. Siêu âm tim qua thành ngực có giá trị trong sàng lọc và đánh giá mức độ tổn thương tim mạch trong xơ cứng bì, lupus ban đỏ hệ thống, cùng với những chỉ số khác như test đi bộ 6 phút và NT proBNP, NYHA. Nghiên cứu của chúng tôi tiến hành nhằm đánh giá một số yếu tố nguy cơ liên quan tăng áp động mạch phổi trên bệnh nhân xơ cứng bì, lupus ban đỏ hệ thống. Nghiên cứu tiến hành trên 199 bệnh nhân (137 bệnh nhân lupus ban đỏ hệ thống, 62 bệnh nhân xơ cứng bì) tại trung tâm Dị ứng - Miễn dịch lâm sàng bệnh viện Bạch Mai, Viện Da liễu trung ương từ tháng 8 năm 2016 đến tháng 8 năm 2020 được siêu âm tim xác định 61 ca tăng áp động mạch phổi (áp lực động mạch phổi tâm thu > 36 mmHg), 138 ca áp lực động mạch phổi bình thường. Kết quả cho thấy, nồng độ NT - proBNP tăng và mức độ khó thở nặng hơn ở nhóm tăng áp động mạch phổi, trong khi đó khoảng cách đi bộ ở nhóm tăng áp động mạch phổi lại ngắn hơn. Mức độ khó thở NYHA và nồng độ NT - proBNP là yếu tố nguy cơ độc lập liên quan đến tăng áp động mạch phổi ở bệnh nhân lupus ban đỏ hệ thống và xơ cứng bì.
Ecos y reflejos de la polémica por la Spongia (1617) en las aprobaciones y dedicatorias de Lope de VegaEchoes and Reflections of the Spongia’s (1617) Controversy in Lope de Vega’s Approvals and Dedications
Authors: García Aguilar Ignacio
Published: May 2021

The volume of the Expostulatio Spongiae consists of eighteen parts. The best known and most studied of all of them is that one written by Fonseca y Figueroa that entitles the volume, in which Lope is defended and Torres Rámila’s Spongia is fiercely criticized. The remaining seventeen parts of the printed book are paratexts of a very different nature, which serve the same purpose and act as or more effectively than the Expostulatio Spongiae text itself. This paper analyzes the function and meaning of these paratexts in the defense of Lope and in the attack on Torres Rámila.
Apuntes para una historia de la polémica gongorina en SevillaSome Notes for a History of the Gongoristic Controversy in Seville
Authors: García José Manuel Rico
Published: May 2021

This work studies the impact of the Gongoristic polemics in the city of Seville. In order to do that, a group of writers who commented and praised Góngora during the XVII century is firstly examined. Secondly, the few testimonies of the slow acceptance of Góngora’s poetics within the humanistic circles of the city are compiled and interpreted, and some proofs of the resistance and opposition to this new poetry are provided. Finally, the article analyzes the relation with Seville of three manuscripts very significant for the transmission of the Gongoristic controversy.
Redes de Turismo e Redes Geográficas: um estudo de caso nos limiares da pandemia de Covid-2019
Authors: Furini Luciano Antonio , Silva Evandro Del Negro da
Published: May 2021

Este texto apresenta como a abordagem das redes permite aprofundar as análises sobre o turismo em seus desdobramentos socioespaciais. Para tanto inclui apontamentos sobre a natureza das redes geográficas e das redes de turismo no contexto da abordagem da análise de redes sociais, relacionando geografia do turismo e redes, apoiado em resultados de um estudo de caso sobre turismo no município de Prudentópolis (PR), particularmente em período imediatamente anterior ao isolamento social, que ocorreu em virtude da pandemia da covid-19. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluíram levantamento bibliográfico e documental, aplicação de entrevistas e questionários e uso de software de análise de redes sociais. Os resultados mostram que a abordagem das redes pode contribuir para o debate sobre o caráter prospectivo dos estudos das redes de turismo. Demonstrou-se também como o estudo de caso revelou especificidades da rede de turismo do município em seus limites e potencialidades.
Ferromanganese Nodules of the Deep Sea
Authors: Heath G. Ross
Published: May 2021

Pelagic ferromanganese nodules are abundant at the sea floor in areas where oxidized sediments are accumulating at rates of less than about 7 m per million years. Foraging benthic organisms are believed to keep nodules at the sea floor for periods of hundreds of thousands to millions of years. Such benthic activity has yet to be observed, however.

Economically attractive concentrations of Cu and Ni are found only on the fringes of the Pacific equatorial zone of high surface biological productivity. Existing data suggest that the surface biota extract transition metals from seawater and deliver them to the sea floor in large particles, such as fecal pellets. Oxic and suboxic diagensis of the biogenic debris frees the metals to enter the sediments or nodules, or to escape to the bottom waters of the ocean. The relative roles of inorganic reactions, bacterial activity (both in releasing and fixing transition metals), and nodule mineralogy in controlling nodule compositions still are controversial and currently are areas of active research. Cu and Ni are less abundant in nodules beneath the most productive surface waters because of dilution by manganese released from underlying, organic-rich, reduced sediments.

Assuming that legal-social-political questions surrounding the commercial exploitation of deep-sea nodules can be resolved by the United Nations Law of the Sea and subsequent negotiations, it appears that 8 to 60 mine sites, each containing about 70 million tons of recoverable nodules with more than about 1.8 percent Cu + Ni and having surface concentrations in excess of 5 kg per square meter, are available in the Clarion-Clipperton region of the eastern equatorial North Pacific. Development of the first of these sites should be far advanced by the end of this century.
Gravity and Magnetic Methods in Mineral Exploration
Authors: Wright Phillip M.
Published: May 2021

Spatial variations in the earth’s gravity field are caused by lateral variations in rock density. Field surveys routinely measure the gravity field to 1 part in 108, and recent improvements in gravity meters have resulted in instruments capable of one or two orders of magnitude better. Because variations in measured gravity caused by latitude and elevation differences among stations are generally much larger in magnitude than anomalies caused by geologic variations of interest in prospecting, corrections to remove latitude and elevation effects must be based on precise location and elevation information. Positive gravity anomalies are found over some massive sulfide and iron deposits, facilitating direct detection of the orebody. Perhaps the most common applications of the gravity method are in aiding geologic mapping. For example, negative gravity anomalies are commonly associated with intrusive complexes and with relatively low density alluvial basin fill, thus providing ways to map these and other features of interest in prospecting.

Spatial variations in the earth’s magnetic field that are of interest in exploration are most commonly due to lateral variations in the distribution of the mineral magnetite. Continuing improvement in magnetometers has resulted in instruments capable of measuring the magnetic field to 1 part in 105 or better in routine survey applications. This is within the geological noise level for most applications.

The most common prospecting use of the magnetic method is in aiding geologic mapping through detection of anomalies caused by structure or rock type changes. Direct detection of iron deposits and of magnetic skam deposits is possible.

No interpretation of gravity or magnetic data is unique, but ambiguity can generally be reduced through use of geological or other geophysical data. Modern interpretation techniques for both gravity and magnetic data are based on calculating the effects of an assumed model using a digital computer, comparing the model results with the field data, and modifying the model until a satisfactory match is attained. Interactive modeling programs using computer graphics greatly facilitate this process. Advances continue to be made in field techniques, instrumentation, and interpretation, and they hold promose for even more useful applications of gravity and magnetic techniques.
Seismic Methods in Mineral Exploration
Authors: Wright Phillip M.
Published: May 2021

Seismic methods utilize the propagation of elastic waves in the earth. These waves are reflected and refracted when they intersect a boundary between rocks of different acoustic impedance in the earth, and the detection of the reflected or refracted components allows the boundaries to be mapped.

Although seismic methods have found broad and sophisticated application in petroleum exploration, they have contributed far less to metals exploration. The reasons are twofold: the geologic environments containing most metals deposits are commonly more complex than the petroleum environments, and whereas the petroleum industry has invested a great deal of money in optimizing the seismic method for the petroleum environment, the mining community has not made a corresponding investment. Thus, seismic exploration has a reputation of being expensive and useful in only a few special cases. Geophysicists generally agree, however, that research and development could substantially improve the method for mining application.

Seismic methods are effective at target depths beyond those appropriate for the electrical methods that now dominate minerals exploration. In addition, seismic methods can often detect smaller targets. Consequently, the cost effectiveness of seismic techniques will increase as targets become smaller and/or deeper and as optimization of these techniques to the mining environment is achieved through research and development.
Changes in the Political and Social Framework of United States Mineral Resource Development, 1905–1980
Authors: Cameron Eugene N.
Published: May 2021

The period 1905 to 1980 brought many changes in mining law, land policy, mineral taxation, trade policy, and environmental regulation in the United States. In mining law, the chief changes affected mineral development on the public domain. The claim system of the Mining Law of 1872 was supplemented and partly replaced by a leasing system, an assertion of the doctrine of sovereign rights.

Despite changes, both claim and leasing systems were aimed at providing access to the public domain for purposes of mineral development. Land policy, however, placed increasing restrictions on access. By the end of 1979, large areas of the public domain were closed or effectively closed to mineral exploration and development, and additional withdrawals and restrictions were under consideration.

In 1905, taxation on the American mining industry was relatively light. Beginning in the 1910s, however, tax measures proliferated, and levels of taxation increased. By 1980, the burden of taxation had become a significant factor in decisions regarding mineral exploration and development.

United States trade policy affecting domestic mineral development varied greatly from 1905 to 1934. After 1934, however, trade policy made an effort to achieve the freest possible international trade. Deterioration of the mineral position of the United States became accepted as the price of providing mineral raw materials to the consumer at the lowest possible cost. In view of growing deficiencies in mineral supply from domestic sources, stockpiles of minerals were created to provide protection from interruptions in the flow of minerals from abroad. On occasion, stockpiles were used in efforts to influence mineral markets.

A growing concern over the impact of mining and mineral use on the environment and on public health and safety led in the 1960s and 1970s to increasingly stringent regulation. Great strides were made in protecting the environment, but the measures taken involved substantial costs to the American mining industry. As the 1970s closed, the nation was still struggling to achieve a suitable balance between its needs for environmental protection and its needs for mineral raw materials.

The changes cited above reflect changing social attitudes toward development of the mineral resources of the United States. The cumulative effect has been substantial alteration of the social and political framework within which mineral development must take place.
An Alternative Approach to the Lexicon of Late Biblical Hebrew
Authors: Rezetko Robert , Naaijer Martijn
Published: May 2021

In 2014 Avi Hurvitz published A Concise Lexicon of Late Biblical Hebrew: Linguistic Innovations in the Writings of the Second Temple Period. In the present article we offer an alternative, quantitative interpretation of the data in the Lexicon. Our main conclusions are that the late language cataloged in the Lexicon is rare and idiosyncratic in late biblical writings and accordingly the value of the late language for linguistic periodization and linguistic dating is negligible.
Histologic Findings in Surgical Pathology Specimens From Individuals Taking Feminizing Hormone Therapy for the Purpose of Gender Transition
Authors: Andrews Alicia R. , Kakadekar Archan , Schmidt Robert L. , Murugan Paari , Greene Dina N.
Published: May 2021

Context.—

Transgender women experience health disparities in all areas of medicine. Within surgical pathology, knowledge gaps relating to the concepts of transgender care exist. Medical transition for transgender women and transfeminine persons may involve hormone therapy and/or surgery to feminize the body. Understanding the common histologic changes in specimens from feminizing surgeries, as well as other specimens from patients on feminizing hormone therapy, will aid surgical pathologists in providing better care to this unique patient population.

Objective.—

To summarize histologic findings in surgical pathology specimens from transgender women taking feminizing hormones.

Data Sources.—

A systematic review of the OVID Medline and PubMed databases was performed to identify all studies describing histologic findings in surgical pathology specimens from transgender women from 1946 to 2019.

Conclusions.—

Much of the literature to date describing histologic findings in transgender women comes from the examination of genitourinary specimens removed during feminizing surgeries. Common benign changes associated with feminizing hormone therapy include the development of acini and lobules in the breast, testicular tubular changes, and squamous metaplasia of the prostate and urethra. Neoplastic cases include breast adenocarcinoma and fibroepithelial lesions, testicular germ cell tumors, prostatic adenocarcinoma, anal squamous cell carcinoma, pituitary adenomas, and meningiomas. Additional studies assessing the findings in other organ systems as well as population-based studies assessing rates of neoplasia are needed. However, future research relies on engagement within the surgical pathology community as well as collaboration with clinicians and patients to achieve optimal results.
The strategic interests of Russia in the Austro-Russian-Turkish War (1735-1739) discovered in French intelligence sources
Authors: Elezović Dalibor
Published: May 2021

This paper is an analysis of the Russian strategic interests during the Austro-Russian-Turkish war (1735-1737) and is based on unpublished sources of French origin. The reports which Colonel Jean-Jacques de Beausobre (1704-1783) compiled as a direct witness of the conflict are of key importance in the study of this subject and to date have not been given the attention they deserve. Having chosen a military career, de Beausobre distinguished himself as a man with deep knowledge of the theory of war. For this reason, he was engaged in observing the conflict, sending regular reports to the French government. De Beausobre was posted as French military attaché to the Austrian army, spending much time in the Austrian General Staff. From this position he was able to collect intelligence, which he then dispatched to the French Ambassador in Vienna. Occasionally, he would even personally visit the Austrian capital and Paris in order to convey the information he had gathered. The intelligence mission of Colonel De Beausobre shows the great interest France had for the outcome of the war and the country's intention to position itself favorably in European diplomacy at the time. From De Beausobre's reports it is possible to see that he was able to see through Russian strategic interests in the war and his activities proved of great value for French diplomacy, which achieved great success at the Belgrade peace talks.
Design and Experiment of Inerter-Rubber Vibration Isolator Based on Parallel Inerter-Spring-Damper System
Authors: Wen Huabing , Liu Wei , Guo Junhua , Zhang Kun , Li Yang , Liu Yue
Published: May 2021

Since an inerter has been widely used in the field of vibration isolation, the combination of the inerter and the rubber part inevitably becomes a trend. In this work, a parallel inerter-spring-damper system (II-ISD) was introduced and analyzed for its performance on vibration isolation. Then, the optimal inertance-mass ratio and the frequency ratio at the minimum transmissibility were obtained. Based on the II-ISD system, an integrated vibration isolator was designed where the rubber part paralleled to the inerter, which was named as the inerter-rubber vibration isolator (IR). Then, its mechanical properties were simulated, and the mathematical model was established by considering the vibration isolation performance and the service life. Afterward, it was optimized by a programmed multi-objective genetic algorithm, and the optimal design parameters of IR were got finally. The experimental prototype of IR was processed, and its performance experiment was performed on the Mechanical Testing System (MTS) test bed. Experimental results show that the theoretical model of IR based on the II-ISD system is accurate; the resonant peak of IR is clearly lower than that of the rubber vibration isolator; the natural frequency decreases obviously. This work provides a design method for the serial product development, which has a practical engineering significance.

Introduction

With the development of machinery industry, vibrations (especially low frequency vibration) have become a big challenge for engineers (Xia et al. 2016a, 2016b; Sun et al. 2017). Scholars used various methods to weaken vibrations, such as the research of dynamic vibration absorber (Deng et al. 2006; Acar & Yilmaz 2012; Shen et al. 2016c, 2017) and rubber vibration isolator (Huang et al. 2014; Wang et al. 2014; Jin et al. 2015; Kim et al. 2015). In some special machinery areas, such as shipbuilding, wind power, and marine industry, the rubber vibration isolator has been commonly used and studied for years. However, a fatal shortcoming limits its development; that is, its vibration isolation performance at low frequencies is poor (Wen 2015). Therefore, the topic of solving this problem has been put on the agenda.
Wpływ warunków meteorologicznych na zachorowalność na grypę w wybranych polskich miastach = Impact of meteorological conditions on influenza morbidity in the selected Polish cities
Authors: Lindner-Cendrowska Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

This study was designed to explore the impact of meteorological factors (air temperature, relative and absolute humidity, wind, cloudiness and precipitation) on influenza morbidity in four selected big cities in Poland – Cracow, Poznań, Warsaw and Wrocław. Atmospheric data obtained from four meteorological stations spread over six years (2013‑2018) were compared to influenza-like illnesses (ILI) reports, obtained from the Voivodship Units of the State Sanitary Inspection for the same locations and period. Data were analysed using Spearman correlation and negative binomial regressions to capture the nonlinear relationship between exposure to environmental conditions and influenza morbidity. Our study found a strong negative association of absolute air humidity with influenza infections (RR = 0.738) and positive relationship with minimal temperature (RR = 1.148). The effect of wind speed, cloudiness and precipitation on ILI was less evident. Proposed model is valid for all age groups in Polish cities, but suits the best to elderly citizens (65+). The model is also appropriate for different seasons, however only absolute humidity, minimal temperature and wind speed are considered significant variables all year round. Furthermore, we observed 6 to 9-days delay between particular adverse weather conditions and ILI morbidity increase, as 1-week lag model proved to have the highest predictive power (AIC = 8644.97). Although meteorological variables have statistically significant contribution to explain influenza morbidity, there are also other non-climatic factors, that can possibly influence the seasonality and complexity of influenza epidemiology in Polish cities.
De l’expression d’un désir gay et du queer dans l’opéra contemporain : le cas d’Elia (2004) de Silvio Palmieri
Authors: Champagne Éric
Published: May 2021

Avec son opéra de chambre Elia (2004), le compositeur Silvio Palmieri (1957-2018) fait figure de précurseur dans la représentation de l’homosexualité sur les scènes lyriques : pour la première fois dans un opéra québécois, des personnages gays expriment leur condition et leur désir. Dans un contexte où la représentation des réalités queers au sein du genre opératique est de plus en plus courante et explicite, cette analyse examine les stratégies créatrices qui permettent à Palmieri d’exprimer dans son oeuvre un désir homosexuel, mettant en lumière les choix dramatiques et musicaux qui contribuent à l’incarnation de cette notion de désir et, plus largement, les attributs queers de cette proposition artistique.