bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Telemedicine in Nursing Homes: A Mixed-Method Study to Identify Critical Factors When Connecting with a General Hospital
Authors: Cormi Clément , Chrusciel Jan , Fayol Antoine , Van Rechem Michel , Abou-Amsha Khuloud , Tixier Matthieu , Lewkowicz Myriam , Laplanche David , Sanchez Stéphane
Published: October 2021

Evaluating the use and impact of telemedicine in nursing homes is necessary to promote improvements in the quality of this practice. Even though challenges and opportunities of telemedicine are increasingly becoming well documented for geriatrics (such as improving access to healthcare, patient management, and education while reducing costs), there is still limited knowledge on how to better implement it in an inter-organizational context, especially when considering nursing homes. In this regard, this study aimed first to describe the telemedicine activity of nursing homes when cooperating with a general hospital; and then understand the behavioral differences amongst nursing homes while identifying critical factors when implementing a telemedicine project. We conducted a sequential, explanatory mixed-method study using quantitative then qualitative methods to better understand the results. Three years of teleconsultation data of twenty-six nursing homes (15 rural and 11 urban) conducting teleconsultations with a general hospital (Troyes Hospital, France) were included for the quantitative analysis, and eleven telemedicine project managers for the qualitative analysis. Between April 2018 and April 2021, 590 teleconsultations were conducted: 45% (n = 265) were conducted for general practice, 29% (n = 172) for wound care, 11% (n = 62) for diabetes management, 8% (n = 47) with gerontologist and 6% (n = 38) for dermatology. Rural nursing homes conducted more teleconsultations overall than urban ones (RR: 2.484; 95% CI: 1.083 to 5.518; p = 0.03) and included more teleconsultations for general practice (RR: 16.305; 95% CI: 3.505 to 73.523; p = 0.001). Our qualitative study showed that three critical factors are required for the implementation of a telemedicine project in nursing homes: (1) the motivation to perform teleconsultations (in other words, improving access to care and cooperation between professionals); (2) building a relevant telemedicine medical offer based on patients’ and treating physicians’ needs; and (3) it’s specific organization in terms of time and space. Our study showed different uses of teleconsultations according to the rural or urban localization of nursing homes and that telemedicine projects should be designed to consider this aspect. Triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine projects in nursing homes are increasing, and observing the three critical factors presented above could be necessary to limit the failure of such projects.
Does Self-Assessed Health Reflect the True Health State?
Authors: Paul Pavitra , Nguemdjo Ulrich , Kovtun Natalia , Ventelou Bruno
Published: October 2021

Self-assessed health (SAH) is a widely used tool to estimate population health. However, the debate continues as to what exactly this ubiquitous measure of social science research means for policy conclusions. This study is aimed at understanding the tenability of the construct of SAH by simultaneously modelling SAH and clinical morbidity. Using data from 17 waves (2001–2017) of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, which captures repeated response for SAH and frequently updates information on clinical morbidity, we operationalise a recursive semi-ordered probit model. Our approach allows for the estimation of the distributional effect of clinical morbidity on perceived health. This study establishes the superiority of inferences from the recursive model. We illustrated the model use for examining the endogeneity problem of perceived health for SAH, contributing to population health research and public policy development, in particular, towards the organisation of health systems.
Early Implementation of a Patient-Centered Medical Home in Singapore: A Qualitative Study Using Theory on Diffusion of Innovations
Authors: Lim Zoe Zon Be , Mohamed Kadir Mumtaz , Ginting Mimaika Luluina , Vrijhoef Hubertus Johannes Maria , Yoong Joanne , Wong Chek Hooi
Published: October 2021

Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) has been found to improve care for complex needs patients in some countries but has not yet been widely adopted in Singapore. This study explored the ground-up implementation of a PCMH in Singapore by describing change strategies and unpacking initial experience and perception. In-depth interviews were conducted for twenty-two key informants from three groups: the implementers, their implementation partners, and other providers. “Diffusion of innovations” emerged as an overarching theory to contextualize PCMH in its early implementation. Three core “innovations” differentiated the PCMH from usual primary care: (i) team-based and integrated care; (ii) empanelment; and (iii) shared care with other general practitioners. Change strategies employed to implement these innovations included repurposing pre-existing resources, building a partnership to create supporting infrastructure and pathways in the delivery system, and doing targeted outreach to introduce the PCMH. Initial experience and perception were characterized by processes to “adopt” and “assimilate” the innovations, which were identified as challenging due to less predictable, self-organizing behaviors by multiple players. To work with the inherent complexity and novelty of the innovations, time, leadership, standardized methods, direct communication, and awareness-building efforts are needed. This study was retrospectively registered (Protocol ID: NCT04594967).
Being Popular or Having Popular Friends, Which Is Better? A Longitudinal Social Network Analysis of Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Adolescents under Major Chronic Stress
Authors: Fu Lin , Fan Yue , Cheng Jin , Zheng Hao , Liu Zhengkui
Published: October 2021

Background: Previous studies have found that adolescents’ depressive symptoms are influenced by social networks in a stressful context, especially focusing on the processes of social selection and social influence. The current study aimed to explore the coevolution of sociometric popularity and depressive symptoms among adolescents suffering from the stress attached to the Chinese gaokao. Methods: The analytical sample comprised 1062 Chinese adolescents who were under significant pressure to return to school for an additional year (returnees) to prepare for college entrance examinations. Students were assessed for depressive symptoms and asked to nominate up to five friends within their classes across four waves (six months). We employed stochastic actor-oriented models to investigate the interdependent relationships between popularity and depressive symptoms. Results: Adolescents’ depressive symptoms negatively predicted future friendship popularity in this stressful situation, but not vice versa. The results of this study also highlighted the importance of friends’ popularity, indicating that adolescents who nominated popular peers as friends tended to subsequently have lower depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These findings suggested that friends’ popularity may serve as a protective factor against depressive symptoms under major chronic stress. Network-based interventions may have practical implications for reducing depressive symptoms under major chronic stress.
The Financial Burden of Surgery for Congenital Malformations—The Austrian Perspective
Authors: Gasparella Paolo , Singer Georg , Kienesberger Bernhard , Arneitz Christoph , Fülöp Gerhard , Castellani Christoph , Till Holger , Schalamon Johannes
Published: October 2021

Neonatal “surgical” malformations are associated with higher costs than major “non-surgical” birth defects. We aimed to analyze the financial burden on the Austrian health system of five congenital malformations requiring timely postnatal surgery. The database of the Austrian National Public Health Institute for the period from 2002 to 2014 was reviewed. Diagnosis-related group (DRG) points assigned to hospital admissions containing five congenital malformations coded as principal diagnosis (esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, gastroschisis, and omphalocele) were collected and compared to all hospitalizations for other reasons. Out of 3,518,625 total hospitalizations, there were 1664 admissions of patients with the selected malformations. The annual mean number was 128 (SD 17, range 110–175). The mean cost of the congenital malformations per hospital admission expressed in DRG points was 26,588 (range 0–465,772, SD 40,702) and was significantly higher compared to the other hospitalizations (n = 3,516,961; mean DRG 2194, range 0–834,997; SD 6161; p < 0.05). Surgical conditions requiring timely postnatal surgery place a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. The creation of a dedicated national register could allow for better planning of resource allocation, for improving the outcome of affected children, and for optimizing costs.
Who Is Watching the Children? A Quantitative Analysis of Strategies for Reconciling Work and Parenting during Lockdown in Northern Italy
Authors: Plagg Barbara , Flarer Heidi , Conca Andreas , Wiedermann Christian J. , Engl Adolf , Piccoliori Giuliano , Mairhofer Sigrid , Barbieri Verena , Eisendle Klaus
Published: October 2021

(1) Background: In their efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19, most countries closed schools and kindergartens. To date, little is known about the strategies of working families reconciling work and parenting during repeated lockdown situations. (2) Methods: We performed a quantitative survey of working parents in Italy during a week of ‘hard lockdown’ in February/March 2021. (3) Results: 3725 voluntary adult participants from different households responded. Though officially not allowed, 53.4% of all participants sought help from people outside the nuclear family to bridge the situation, mostly the grandparents (79%; n = 1855). Overall, parental coping strategies included alternating working–childcare-turns with their partner (35%, n = 1316), working early in the morning or during nighttime (23%; n = 850), or leaving the children unattended (25%, n = 929). (4) Conclusions: The closure of schools/kindergartens forcefully shifts the responsibility for childcare onto the nuclear family, where new strategies arose, including health-damaging models of alternating work–childcare-shifts, ‘illegal’ involvement of third parties from outside the nuclear family, as well as neglect of age-related childcare. Our findings underline that working families need additional support strategies during repeated closure of childcare institutions to be able to reduce contact and minimize secondary damage.
Social Network Types and Depressive Symptoms among Older Korean Men and Women
Authors: Choi Kyung-Won , Jeon Gyeong-Suk
Published: October 2021

This study explores the social network types of older Korean men and women, and the relationship of those networks to depressive symptoms. A population of 4608 older adults who participated in the Living Profiles of Older People Survey (LPOPS) were included in the study. Seven criterion variables—marital status, living arrangements, frequency of contact with children, close friends, and close relatives, participation in social activities, and total network size—were included in a K-means cluster analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis of the impact of social network type on depressive symptoms was conducted. We identified two “diverse type” social networks (diverse-married and diverse-unmarried) in women, and one diverse type and one “social-activity-focused type” network in men. Family focused type and two “restricted type” social networks (restricted-couple-focused, and restricted-unmarried) were identified in both men and women. The restricted-unmarried and restricted-couple-focused networks were associated with more depressive symptoms in both men and women. However, the family focused type was associated with more depressive symptoms only in women. The results indicated that social network types, and their impact on depressive symptoms, differ by gender. There is a need for further research on gender differences in the social network types of older adults across diverse cultures.
Effectiveness of a Humor-Based Training for Reducing Employees’ Distress
Authors: León-Pérez Jose M. , Cantero-Sánchez Francisco J. , Fernández-Canseco Ángela , León-Rubio José M.
Published: October 2021

An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that humor can impact interpersonal relationships in organizations and employee well-being. However, there is little evidence coming from intervention studies in organizational settings. In response, we developed a training following the principles of positive psychology that aims at improving employees’ adaptive use of humor as a successful mechanism to deal with stress. In this study, we assess the effectiveness of such training and its impact on employee well-being. Results from this one-group intervention study in an emergency ambulance service (N = 58) revealed that the participants reported higher levels of cheerfulness (Z = −3.93; p < 0.001) and lower levels of seriousness (Z = −3.32; p < 0.001) after being exposed to the training. Indeed, the participants reported lower scores on psychological distress after the training (Z = −3.35; p < 0.001). The effect size of the training was medium (r = 0.31 to 0.36), suggesting that interventions to improve adaptive humor at work can be a useful resource to deal with workplace stress and foster employee well-being. These results may have interesting implications for designing and implementing positive interventions as well as for developing healthy organizations.
Accumulation of 4-Deoxy-7-hydroxytrichothecenes, but Not 4,7-Dihydroxytrichothecenes, in Axenic Culture of a Transgenic Nivalenol Chemotype Expressing the NX-Type FgTri1 Gene
Authors: Maeda Kazuyuki , Nakajima Yuichi , Koizumi Yoshiaki , Takahashi-Ando Naoko , Kimura Makoto , Ohsato Shuichi
Published: October 2021

Fusarium graminearum species complex produces type B trichothecenes oxygenated at C-7. In axenic liquid culture, F. graminearum mainly accumulates one of the three types of trichothecenes, namely 3-acetyldeoxyinvalenol, 15-acetyldeoxyinvalenol, or mixtures of 4,15-diacetylnivalenol/4-acetylnivalenol, depending on each strain’s genetic background. The acetyl groups of these trichothecenes are slowly deacetylated to give deoxynivalenol (DON) or nivalenol (NIV) on solid medium culture. Due to the evolution of F. graminearum FgTri1, encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase responsible for hydroxylation at both C-7 and C-8, new derivatives of DON, designated as NX-type trichothecenes, have recently emerged. To assess the risks of emergence of new NX-type trichothecenes, we examined the effects of replacing FgTri1 in the three chemotypes with FgTri1_NX chemotype, which encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that can only hydroxylate C-7 of trichothecenes. Similar to the transgenic DON chemotypes, the transgenic NIV chemotype strain accumulated NX-type 4-deoxytrichothecenes in axenic liquid culture. C-4 oxygenated trichothecenes were marginal, despite the presence of a functional FgTri13 encoding a C-4 hydroxylase. At present, outcrossing of the currently occurring NX chemotype with NIV chemotype strains of F. graminearum in the natural environment likely will not yield a new strain that produces a C-4 oxygenated NX-type trichothecene.
Deciphering the Biological Significance of ADAR1–Z-RNA Interactions
Authors: Nakahama Taisuke , Kawahara Yukio
Published: October 2021

Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is an enzyme responsible for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-specific adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, which is estimated to occur at over 100 million sites in humans. ADAR1 is composed of two isoforms transcribed from different promoters: p150 and N-terminal truncated p110. Deletion of ADAR1 p150 in mice activates melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5)-sensing pathway, which recognizes endogenous unedited RNA as non-self. In contrast, we have recently demonstrated that ADAR1 p110-mediated RNA editing does not contribute to this function, implying that a unique Z-DNA/RNA-binding domain α (Zα) in the N terminus of ADAR1 p150 provides specific RNA editing, which is critical for preventing MDA5 activation. In addition, a mutation in the Zα domain is identified in patients with Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS), an inherited encephalopathy characterized by overproduction of type I interferon. Accordingly, we and other groups have recently demonstrated that Adar1 Zα-mutated mice show MDA5-dependent type I interferon responses. Furthermore, one such mutant mouse carrying a W197A point mutation in the Zα domain, which inhibits Z-RNA binding, manifests AGS-like encephalopathy. These findings collectively suggest that Z-RNA binding by ADAR1 p150 is essential for proper RNA editing at certain sites, preventing aberrant MDA5 activation.
Gut Microbiota-Derived l-Histidine/Imidazole Propionate Axis Fights against the Radiation-Induced Cardiopulmonary Injury
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Wang Bin , Dong Jiali , Li Yuan , Zhang Shuqin , Zeng Xiaozhou , Xiao Huiwen , Fan Saijun , Cui Ming
Published: October 2021

Radiation-induced cardiopulmonary injuries are the most common and intractable side effects that are entwined with radiotherapy for thorax cancers. However, the therapeutic options for such complications have yielded disappointing results in clinical applications. Here, we reported that gut microbiota-derived l-Histidine and its secondary metabolite imidazole propionate (ImP) fought against radiation-induced cardiopulmonary injury in an entiric flora-dependent manner in mouse models. Local chest irradiation decreased the level of l-Histidine in fecal pellets, which was increased following fecal microbiota transplantation. l-Histidine replenishment via an oral route retarded the pathological process of lung and heart tissues and improved lung respiratory and heart systolic function following radiation exposure. l-Histidine preserved the gut bacterial taxonomic proportions shifted by total chest irradiation but failed to perform radioprotection in gut microbiota-deleted mice. ImP, the downstream metabolite of l-Histidine, accumulated in peripheral blood and lung tissues following l-Histidine replenishment and protected against radiation-induced lung and heart toxicity. Orally gavaged ImP could not enter into the circulatory system in mice through an antibiotic cocktail treatment. Importantly, ImP inhibited pyroptosis to nudge lung cell proliferation after radiation challenge. Together, our findings pave a novel method of protection against cardiopulmonary complications intertwined with radiotherapy in pre-clinical settings and underpin the idea that gut microbiota-produced l-Histidine and ImP are promising radioprotective agents.
Ensemble of Template-Free and Template-Based Classifiers for Protein Secondary Structure Prediction
Authors: de Oliveira Gabriel Bianchin , Pedrini Helio , Dias Zanoni
Published: October 2021

Protein secondary structures are important in many biological processes and applications. Due to advances in sequencing methods, there are many proteins sequenced, but fewer proteins with secondary structures defined by laboratory methods. With the development of computer technology, computational methods have (started to) become the most important methodologies for predicting secondary structures. We evaluated two different approaches to this problem—driven by the recent results obtained by computational methods in this task—(i) template-free classifiers, based on machine learning techniques; and (ii) template-based classifiers, based on searching tools. Both approaches are formed by different sub-classifiers—six for template-free and two for template-based, each with a specific view of the protein. Our results show that these ensembles improve the results of each approach individually.
The Collagen Receptor uPARAP in Malignant Mesothelioma: A Potential Diagnostic Marker and Therapeutic Target
Authors: Çakılkaya Pınar , Sørensen Rikke Raagaard , Jürgensen Henrik Jessen , Krigslund Oliver , Gårdsvoll Henrik , Nielsen Christoffer F. , Santoni-Rugiu Eric , Behrendt Niels , Engelholm Lars H.
Published: October 2021

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive cancer with limited therapeutic options. We have previously shown that the endocytic collagen receptor, uPARAP, is upregulated in certain cancers and can be therapeutically targeted. Public RNA expression data display uPARAP overexpression in MM. Thus, to evaluate its potential use in diagnostics and therapy, we quantified uPARAP expression by immunohistochemical H-score in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded bioptic/surgical human tissue samples and tissue microarrays. We detected pronounced upregulation of uPARAP in the three main MM subtypes compared to non-malignant reactive mesothelial proliferations, with higher expression in sarcomatoid and biphasic than in epithelioid MM. The upregulation appeared to be independent of patients’ asbestos exposure and unaffected after chemotherapy. Using immunoblotting, we demonstrated high expression of uPARAP in MM cell lines and no expression in a non-malignant mesothelial cell line. Moreover, we showed the specific internalization of an anti-uPARAP monoclonal antibody by the MM cell lines using flow cytometry-based assays and confocal microscopy. Finally, we demonstrated the sensitivity of these cells towards sub-nanomolar concentrations of an antibody-drug conjugate formed with the uPARAP-directed antibody and a potent cytotoxin that led to efficient, uPARAP-specific eradication of the MM cells. Further studies on patient cohorts and functional preclinical models will fully reveal whether uPARAP could be exploited in diagnostics and therapeutic targeting of MM.
Mechanisms of MEHP Inhibitory Action and Analysis of Potential Replacement Plasticizers on Leydig Cell Steroidogenesis
Authors: Enangue Njembele Annick N. , Tremblay Jacques J.
Published: October 2021

Steroid production in Leydig cells is stimulated mainly by the pituitary luteinizing hormone, which leads to increased expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis, including the gene encoding the steroidogenic acute regulatory (STAR) protein. Mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP), the active metabolite of the widely used plasticizer DEHP, is known to disrupt Leydig steroidogenesis but its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. We found that MEHP caused a significant reduction in hormone-induced steroid hormone production in two Leydig cell lines, MA-10 and MLTC-1. Consistent with disrupted cholesterol transport, we found that MEHP represses cAMP-induced Star promoter activity. MEHP responsiveness was mapped to the proximal Star promoter, which contains multiple binding sites for several transcription factors. In addition to STAR, we found that MEHP also reduced the levels of ferredoxin reductase, a protein essential for electron transport during steroidogenesis. Finally, we tested new plasticizers as alternatives to phthalates. Two plasticizers, dioctyl succinate and 1,6-hexanediol dibenzoate, had no significant effect on hormone-induced steroidogenesis. Our current findings reveal that MEHP represses steroidogenesis by affecting cholesterol transport and its conversion into pregnenolone. We also found that two novel molecules with desirable plasticizer properties have no impact on Leydig cell steroidogenesis and could be suitable phthalate replacements.
Self-Assembled Nanoparticles Based on Block-Copolymers of Poly(2-Deoxy-2-methacrylamido-d-glucose)/Poly(N-Vinyl Succinamic Acid) with Poly(O-Cholesteryl Methacrylate) for Delivery of Hydrophobic Drugs
Authors: Levit Mariia , Vdovchenko Alena , Dzhuzha Apollinariia , Zashikhina Natalia , Katernyuk Elena , Gostev Alexey , Sivtsov Eugene , Lavrentieva Antonina , Tennikova Tatiana , Korzhikova-Vlakh Evgenia
Published: October 2021

The self-assembly of amphiphilic block-copolymers is a convenient way to obtain soft nanomaterials of different morphology and scale. In turn, the use of a biomimetic approach makes it possible to synthesize polymers with fragments similar to natural macromolecules but more resistant to biodegradation. In this study, we synthesized the novel bio-inspired amphiphilic block-copolymers consisting of poly(N-methacrylamido-d-glucose) or poly(N-vinyl succinamic acid) as a hydrophilic fragment and poly(O-cholesteryl methacrylate) as a hydrophobic fragment. Block-copolymers were synthesized by radical addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization using dithiobenzoate or trithiocarbonate chain-transfer agent depending on the first monomer, further forming the hydrophilic block. Both homopolymers and copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as thermogravimetric analysis. The obtained copolymers had low dispersity (1.05–1.37) and molecular weights in the range of ~13,000–32,000. The amphiphilic copolymers demonstrated enhanced thermal stability in comparison with hydrophilic precursors. According to dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis, the obtained amphiphilic copolymers were able to self-assemble in aqueous media into nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 200 nm. An investigation of nanoparticles by transmission electron microscopy revealed their spherical shape. The obtained nanoparticles did not demonstrate cytotoxicity against human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells, and they were characterized by a low uptake by macrophages in vitro. Paclitaxel loaded into the developed polymer nanoparticles retained biological activity against lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549).
CC16 Regulates Inflammation, ROS Generation and Apoptosis in Bronchial Epithelial Cells during Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection
Authors: Almuntashiri Sultan , Han Yohan , Zhu Yin , Dutta Saugata , Niazi Sara , Wang Xiaoyun , Siddiqui Budder , Zhang Duo
Published: October 2021

Gram-negative (G-) bacteria are the leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the United States. The devastating damage caused by G- bacteria results from the imbalance of bactericidal effects and overwhelming inflammation. Despite decades of research, the underlying mechanisms by which runaway inflammation is developed remain incompletely understood. Clara Cell Protein 16 (CC16), also known as uteroglobin, is the major protein secreted by Clara cells and the most abundant protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). However, the regulation and functions of CC16 during G- bacterial infection are unknown. In this study, we aimed to assess the regulation of CC16 in response to Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneu) and to investigate the role of CC16 in bronchial epithelial cells. After K. pneu infection, we found that CC16 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in bronchial epithelial cells. Our data also showed that K. pneu infection upregulated cytokine and chemokine genes, including IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in BEAS-2B cells. Endogenously overexpressed CC16 in BEAS-2B cells provided an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing these markers. We also observed that endogenous CC16 can repress NF-κB reporter activity. In contrast, the recombinant CC16 (rCC16) did not show an anti-inflammatory effect in K. pneu-infected cells or suppression of NF-κB promoter activity. Moreover, the overexpression of CC16 reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and protected BEAS-2B cells from K. pneu-induced apoptosis.
Plants Saline Environment in Perception with Rhizosphere Bacteria Containing 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase
Authors: Bomle Dhanashree Vijayrao , Kiran Asha , Kumar Jeevitha Kodihalli , Nagaraj Lavanya Senapathyhalli , Pradeep Chamanahalli Kyathegowda , Ansari Mohammad Azam , Alghamdi Saad , Kabrah Ahmed , Assaggaf Hamza , Dablool Anas S. , Murali Mahadevamurthy , Amruthesh Kestur Nagaraj , Udayashankar Arakere Chunchegowda , Niranjana Siddapura Ramachandrappa
Published: October 2021

Soil salinity stress has become a serious roadblock for food production worldwide since it is one of the key factors affecting agricultural productivity. Salinity and drought are predicted to cause considerable loss of crops. To deal with this difficult situation, a variety of strategies have been developed, including plant breeding, plant genetic engineering, and a wide range of agricultural practices, including the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and seed biopriming techniques, to improve the plants’ defenses against salinity stress, resulting in higher crop yields to meet future human food demand. In the present review, we updated and discussed the negative effects of salinity stress on plant morphological parameters and physio-biochemical attributes via various mechanisms and the beneficial roles of PGPR with 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate(ACC) deaminase activity as green bio-inoculants in reducing the impact of saline conditions. Furthermore, the applications of ACC deaminase-producing PGPR as a beneficial tool in seed biopriming techniques are updated and explored. This strategy shows promise in boosting quick seed germination, seedling vigor and plant growth uniformity. In addition, the contentious findings of the variation of antioxidants and osmolytes in ACC deaminase-producing PGPR treated plants are examined.
Berberine Inhibits MDA-MB-231 Cells as an Agonist of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1
Authors: Qi Miaomiao , Liu Xiang , Zhou Ying , Wang Haoyu , Zhao Ying , Ren Jing , Xiang Jin
Published: October 2021

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is a potential therapeutic target for treating triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). However, modulators for GPER1 that can be used to treat TNBC have not appeared. Berberine (BBR) is a bioactive isoquinoline alkaloid with high oral safety. In recent years, BBR has shown an inhibitory effect on TNBC tumors such as MDA-MB-231, but the molecular target remains unclear, which hinders related clinical research. Our work proved that BBR is a modulator of GPER1 that can inhibit cell viability, migration, and autophagy of MDA-MB-231 cells. The inhibitory effect of BBR on MDA-MB-231 cells has a dependence on estrogen levels. Although BBR promoted the proteasome, which is a major factor in the degradation of GPER1, it could still induce the protein level of GPER1. Correspondingly, the transcription of cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2) was promoted. BBR could bind to GPER1 directly and change the secondary structure of GPER1, as in the case of 17β-estradiol (E2). In addition, BBR induced not only a high degree of co-localization of GPER1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3), but also the accumulation of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) by the inhibition of the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunit (RELA/p65), which indicates NF-κB inhibition and anti-cancer effects. This result proved that the promotional effect of BBR on the GPER1/NF-κB pathway was closely related to its inhibitory effect on autophagy, which may serve as a new mechanism by which to explain the inhibitory effect of BBR on MDA-MB-231 cells and expand our understanding of the function of both BBR and GPER1.
Performance Comparison of Geodrain Drainage and Gravel Drainage Layers Embedded in a Horizontal Plane
Authors: Cholewa Mariusz , Plesiński Karol
Published: October 2021

Drainage materials are widely used, among other uses, in the construction of landfills. Regulations require a drainage layer in the base and a covering for the landfill. The implementation of a gravel drain requires a lot of material and financial outlays. New geocomposite materials are an alternative, and facilitate construction. The aim of the research was to compare the drainage properties of the Pozidrain 7S250D/NW8 geocomposite and gravel drainage. The model test was performed on a specially prepared test stand. The research was carried out for model #1, in which the gravel drainage was built. Model #2 had a drainage geocomposite built into it. The test results show the values of the volumetric flow rate for geodrains, with a maximum value of 40 dm3·min−1. For the gravel layer, values of up to 140 dm3·min−1 were recorded. Another parameter recorded during the damming of water by the embankment was the speed of water suction by the geosynthetic and gravel drainage; the values were 0.067 and 0.024 m3·s−1, respectively. The efficiency of water drainage through the geocomposite was sufficient. It is possible to use the slopes of the landfill for drainage, which will reduce material and financial outlays.
Improved Corrosion Behavior and Biocompatibility of Porous Titanium Samples Coated with Bioactive Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites
Authors: García-Cabezón Cristina , Godinho Vanda , Salvo-Comino Coral , Torres Yadir , Martín-Pedrosa Fernando
Published: October 2021

Porous titanium implants can be a good solution to solve the stress shielding phenomenon. However, the presence of pores compromises mechanical and corrosion resistance. In this work, porous titanium samples obtained using a space-holder technique are coated with Chitosan, Chitosan/AgNPs and Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite using only one step and an economic electrodeposition method. The coatings’ topography, homogeneity and chemical composition were analyzed. A study of the effect of the porosity and type of coating on corrosion resistance and cellular behavior was carried out. The electrochemical studies reveal that porous samples show high current densities and an unstable oxide film; therefore, there is a need for surface treatments to improve corrosion resistance. The Chitosan coatings provide a significant improvement in the corrosion resistance, but the Chitosan/AgNPs and Chitosan/HA coatings showed the highest protection efficiency, especially for the more porous samples. Furthermore, these coatings have better adherence than the chitosan coatings, and the higher surface roughness obtained favors cell adhesion and proliferation. Finally, a combination of coating and porous substrate material with the best biomechanical balance and biofunctional behavior is proposed as a potential candidate for the replacement of small, damaged bone tissues.
Role of the Crystallographic Phase of NiTi Rotary Instruments in Determining Their Torsional Resistance during Different Bending Conditions
Authors: Zanza Alessio , Seracchiani Marco , Reda Rodolfo , Di Nardo Dario , Gambarini Gianluca , Testarelli Luca
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the role of the crystallographic phase of Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments in determining their torsional resistance during different bending conditions, such as different degrees and angles of curvature. 200 F-One 20.04 instruments (Fanta Dental, Shanghai, China) were used, 100 austenitic instruments and 100 martensitic instruments. Each group was divided in 5 subgroups according to the different bending conditions (straight canal, 90° or 60° of curvature degrees and 3 mm or 5 mm of radius of curvature). The static torsional test was performed by using a device composed of an electric motor capable of recording torque values (N·cm); a vice used to secure the instruments at 3 mm from the tip; and artificial canals, which allow instruments to remain flexed during test. Each instrument was rotated at 500 rpm with a torque limit set to 5.5 Ncm until its fracture. Torque at Fracture (TtF) was registered. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation was conducted. The collected data confirm that an increase in the angle of curvature and a decrease in the radius of curvature of the artificial canals lead to an increase of TtF values with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), both in the austenitic and martensitic groups. Regarding the comparison between austenitic and martensitic groups in the same bending condition, a statistically significant difference was found only when the torsional test was performed in the canals with the degrees of curvature of 90° and the radius of curvature of 3 mm and 5 mm, with the austenitic instruments showing a higher TtF than the martensitic ones. In conclusion, it can be stated that the crystallographic phase influences the maximum torque at fracture when the instruments are subjected to severe bending and that the radius of curvature significantly influences their torsional resistance.
A Reliable Fracture Angle Determination Algorithm for Extended Puck’s 3D Inter-Fiber Failure Criterion for Unidirectional Composites
Authors: Gong Yaohua , Huang Tao , Zhang Xun’an , Jia Purong , Suo Yongyong , Zhao Shuyi
Published: October 2021

Determination of the fracture angle and maximum exposure value of extended Puck’s 3D inter-fiber failure (IFF) criterion is of great importance for predicting the failure mechanism of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites. In this paper, a reliable semi-analytical algorithm (RSAA) is presented for searching fracture angle and corresponding exposure value for the extended Puck’s failure criterion. One hundred million cases are tested for verifying the accuracy of the present and other algorithms on Python using the strength-value-stress-state combinations more universal than those in previous literatures. The reliability of previous algorithms is discussed and counterexamples are provided for illustration. The statistical results show RSAA is adequate for implementation in extended Puck’s criterion and much more reliable than previous algorithms. RSAA can correctly predict the results with a probability of over 99.999%.
Research on Damage and Deterioration of Fiber Concrete under Acid Rain Environment Based on GM(1,1)-Markov
Authors: Yu Jianqiao , Qiao Hongxia , Zhu Feifei , Wang Xinke
Published: October 2021

With steel fiber and basalt fiber volume dosing serving as variation parameters, a total of 200 d cycles of acid rain corrosion cycle tests were conducted on fiber concrete in this study. We selected three durability evaluation parameters to assess the degree of damage deterioration on fiber concrete, used scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and a dimensional microhardness meter to analyze the concrete micromorphology, and established a GM(1,1)-Markov model for life prediction of its durability. Results reveal that the acid rain environment is the most sensitive to the influence of the relative dynamic elastic modulus evaluation parameter, and concrete has specimens that show failure damage under this parameter evaluation. Incorporation of fibers can reduce the amount of corrosion products inside the concrete, decrease the proportion of harmful pores, optimize the mean pore-size, and significantly improve the resistance to acid rain attack. Concrete with 2% steel fiber and 0.1% basalt fiber by volume has the least change in durability damage, and the predicted service life by GM(1,1)-Markov model is 322 d.
Multiscale Characterization of an Oxide Scale Formed on the Creep-Resistant ATI 718Plus Superalloy during High-Temperature Oxidation
Authors: Kruk Adam , Gil Aleksander , Lech Sebastian , Cempura Grzegorz , Agüero Alina , Czyrska-Filemonowicz Aleksandra
Published: October 2021

The ATI 718Plus® is a creep-resistant nickel-based superalloy exhibiting high strength and excellent oxidation resistance in high temperatures. The present study is focused on multiscale 2D and 3D characterization (morphological and chemical) of the scale and the layer beneath formed on the ATI 718Plus superalloy during oxidation at 850 °C up to 4000 h in dry and wet air. The oxidized samples were characterized using various microscopic methods (SEM, TEM and STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron diffraction. The 3D visualization of the microstructural features was achieved by means of FIB-SEM tomography. When oxidized in dry air, the ATI 718Plus develops a protective, dense Cr2O3 scale with a dual-layered structure. The outer Cr2O3 layer is composed of coarser grains with a columnar shape, while the inner one features fine, equiaxed grains. The Cr2O3 scale formed in wet air is single-layered and features very fine grains. The article discusses the difference between the structure, chemistry and three-dimensional phase distribution of the oxide scales and near-surface areas developed in the two environments. Electron microscopy/spectroscopy findings combined with the three-dimensional reconstruction of the microstructure provide original insight into the role of the oxidation environment on the structure of the ATI 718Plus at the nanoscale.
A Finite Difference Algorithm Applied to the Averaged Equations of the Heat Conduction Issue in Biperiodic Composites—Robin Boundary Conditions
Authors: Kubacka Ewelina , Ostrowski Piotr
Published: October 2021

This note deals with the heat conduction issue in biperiodic composites made of two different materials. To consider such a nonuniform structure, the equations describing the behavior of the composite under thermal (Robin) boundary conditions were averaged by using tolerance modelling. In this note, the process of creating an algorithm that uses the finite difference method to deal with averaged model equations is shown. This algorithm can be used to solve these equations and find out the temperature field distribution of a biperiodic composite.
CuO Bionanocomposite with Enhanced Stability and Antibacterial Activity against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Strains
Authors: Qamar Hina , Saeed Adil , Owais Mohammad , Hussain Touseef , Hussain Kashif , Rahman Aziz ur , Ahmed Sarfraz , Kumar Sachin , Khan Zulfiqar Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Worldwide, bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is the greatest challenge in public health care. To overcome the issue, metal-based nanoparticles were extensively used as an alternative to traditional antibiotics. However, their unstable nature limits their use. In the present study a very simple, environmentally friendly, one-pot synthesis method that avoids the use of organic solvents has been proposed to design stable, novel nanocomposites. Formulation was done by mixing biogenic copper oxide (CuO) nanomaterial with glycerol and phospholipids isolated from egg yolk in an appropriate ratio at optimum conditions. Characterization was done using dynamic light scattering DLS, Zeta potential, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, its antibacterial activity was evaluated against the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase strains based on zone of inhibition and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) indices. Results from this study have demonstrated the formulation of stable nanocomposites with a zeta potential of 34.9 mV. TEM results indicated clear dispersed particles with an average of 59.3 ± 5 nm size. Furthermore, HPLC analysis of the egg yolk extract exhibits the presence of phospholipids in the sample and has significance in terms of stability. The newly formed nanocomposite has momentous antibacterial activity with MIC 62.5 μg/mL. The results suggest that it could be a good candidate for drug delivery in terms of bactericidal therapeutic applications.
Discrete Element Modeling and Electron Microscopy Investigation of Fatigue-Induced Microstructural Changes in Ultra-High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Rybczynski Sebastian , Schaan Gunnar , Dosta Maksym , Ritter Martin , Schmidt-Döhl Frank
Published: October 2021

In view of the growing demand for sustainable and lightweight concrete structures, the use of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is becoming increasingly important. However, fatigue loads occur more frequently in nature than static loads. Despite the impressive mechanical properties of UHPC, a reduced tolerance for cyclic loading is known. For this reason, our paper deals with experimental and numerical investigations regarding the main causes for crack initiation on the meso, micro, and nanoscale. After mechanical fatigue tests, we use both scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to characterize microstructural changes. A new rheological model was developed to apply those changes to the mesoscopic scale. The origins of fatigue damaging can be traced back to a transformation of nanoscale ettringite, resulting in a densification of the surrounding binder matrix. Additionally, a higher content of unhydrated cement clinker in the matrix benefits fatigue resistance. On the mesoscale, stress peaks around aggregate grains expand into the surrounding binder with increasing load cycles and lead to higher degradation.
Bionanocellulose/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composites Produced by In-Situ Method and Ex-Situ/Impregnation or Sterilization Methods
Authors: Długa Aldona , Kowalonek Jolanta , Kaczmarek Halina
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the work was to obtain composites based on bionanocellulose (BNC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) for specific biomedical and cosmetic applications and to determine how the method and conditions of their preparation affect their utility properties. Three different ways of manufacturing these composites (in-situ method and ex-situ methods combined with sterilization or impregnation) were presented. The structure and morphology of BNC/PVA composites were studied by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and scanning microscopy (SEM, AFM). Surface properties were tested by contact angle measurements. The degree of crystallinity of the BNC fibrils was determined by means of the XRD method. The mechanical properties of the BNC/PVA films were examined using tensile tests and via the determination of their bursting strength. The water uptake of the obtained materials was determined through the gravimetric method. The results showed that PVA added to the nutrient medium caused an increase in biosynthesis yield. Moreover, an increase in base weight was observed in composites of all types due to the presence of PVA. The ex-situ composites revealed excellent water absorption capacity. The in-situ composites appeared to be the most durable and elastic materials.
The Emission Mechanism of Gold Nanoclusters Capped with 11-Mercaptoundecanoic Acid, and the Detection of Methanol in Adulterated Wine Model
Authors: Wei Ming , Tian Ye , Wang Lijun , Hong Yuankai , Luo Dan , Sha Yinlin
Published: October 2021

The absorption and emission mechanisms of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have yet to be understood. In this article, 11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) capped AuNCs (AuNC@MUA) were synthesized using the chemical etching method. Compared with MUA, AuNC@MUA had three obvious absorption peaks at 280 nm, 360 nm, and 390 nm; its photoluminescence excitation (PLE) peak and photoluminescence (PL) peak were located at 285 nm and 600 nm, respectively. The AuNC@MUA was hardly emissive when 360 nm and 390 nm were chosen as excitation wavelengths. The extremely large stokes-shift (>300 nm), and the mismatch between the excitation peaks and absorption peaks of AuNC@MUA, make it a particularly suitable model for studying the emission mechanism. When the ligands were partially removed by a small amount of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution, the absorption peak showed a remarkable rise at 288 nm and declines at 360 nm and 390 nm. These experimental results illustrated that the absorption peak at 288 nm was mainly from metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT), while the absorption peaks at 360 nm and 390 nm were mainly from ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). The PLE peak coincided with the former absorption peak, which implied that the emission of the AuNC@MUA was originally from MMCT. It was also interesting that the emission mechanism could be switched to LMCT from MMCT by decreasing the size of the nanoclusters using 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA), which possesses a stronger etching ability. Moreover, due to the different PL intensities of AuNC@MUA in methanol, ethanol, and water, it has been successfully applied in detecting methanol in adulterated wine models (methanol-ethanol-water mixtures).