bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accessing the World
Authors: Konopasky Abigail W. , Reybold L. Earle
Published: April 2015

Adult educators are often part-time workers or volunteers and, as such, they must simultaneously negotiate multiple professional identities. This negotiation process may trigger conflict among professional identities, which can provide an opportunity for transformational learning. In this case study, the authors explore this conflict and learning through interviews with five female adult secondary educators. The authors use thematic analysis and metaphor analysis to explore participants’ narratives of professional identity. Each participant narrates her unique professional situation with what the authors call metaphorical improvisation, creating new metaphors or using old metaphors in new ways. Moreover, all participants use metaphors of space and boundaries to narrate themselves as providing educational “access” for their students.
Glucagon-like polypeptide agonists in type 2 diabetes mellitus: efficacy and tolerability, a balance
Authors: Tella Sri Harsha , Rendell Marc S.
Published: April 2015

Glucagon-like polypeptide (GLP-1) receptor agonist treatment has multiple effects on glucose metabolism, supports the β cell, and promotes weight loss. There are now five GLP-1 agonists in clinical use with more in development. GLP-1 treatment typically can induce a lowering of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 0.5–1.5% over time with weight loss of 2–5%. In some individuals, a progressive loss of weight occurs. There is evidence that GLP-1 therapy opposes the loss of β cells which is a feature of type 2 diabetes. The chief downside of GLP-1 treatment is the gastrointestinal motility disturbance which is one of the modes of action of the hormone; significant nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may lead to discontinuation of treatment. Although daily injection of GLP-1 agents is successful, the development of extended release preparations allows for injection once weekly, and perhaps much longer in the future. The indication for GLP-1 use is diabetes, but now, liraglutide has been approved for primary treatment of obesity. When oral agents fail to control glucose levels in type 2 diabetes, there is a choice between long-acting insulin and GLP-1 agonists as additional treatments. The lowering of HbA1c by either modality is equivalent in most studies. Patients lose weight with GLP-1 treatment and gain weight on insulin. There is a lower incidence of hypoglycemia with GLP-1 therapy but a much higher incidence of gastrointestinal complaints. Insulin dosing is flexible while GLP-1 agents have historically been administered at fixed dosages. Now, the use of combined long-acting insulin and GLP-1 agonists is promising a major therapeutic change. Combined therapy takes advantage of the benefits of both insulin and GLP-1 agents. Furthermore, direct admixture of both in the same syringe will permit flexible dosing, improvement of glucose levels, and reduction of both hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal side effects.
PSA doubling time as a screening test to predict bone scan positivity
Authors: Preece Patrick , Yao Henry HI , Chew Sky , Liew Danny , McMullin Richard
Published: April 2015

Aims:

The aim of this article is to compare the effectiveness of PSADT and tPSA as predictors of bony metastases in patients’ with prostate cancer pre-definitive treatment, and help guide clinicians with the selective ordering of bone scans (BS).

Materials and methods:

PSA measurements were retrospectively analysed for 330 men with prostate cancer, investigated with BS between 2009 and 2012. Exclusion criteria included previous positive BS, other malignancy, prostatectomy/radiotherapy and any prostate-specific condition or treatment initiated between the PSA levels used to calculate doubling time. PSADT (months) = log2 × dT/(log(PSA1)–log(PSA2)).

Results:

A total of 273 men had negative BS and 57 had positive findings of metastases. Those with positive BS had significantly ( p < 0.05) faster median PSADT (4.5 vs 15.2 months) and higher median tPSA (94 vs 24.5 ng/ml). On ROC curve analysis, PSADT outperformed tPSA as a predictor of bone scan result, with area-under-the-curve of 0.85 vs 0.76 ( p = 0.02). A ratio (R) of tPSA/PSADT was no better than PSADT alone ( p = 0.65).

Conclusions:

In the absence of clinical reasons to suspect metastatic disease, it is appropriate to withhold ordering a BS for non-prostatectomy/radiotherapy patients with rising PSA levels, until the PSADT is less than 18 months. This has a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 41.0%.
Reliability of isometric subtalar pronator and supinator strength testing
Authors: Hagen Marco , Lahner Matthias , Winhuysen Martin , Maiwald Christian
Published: April 2015

Background

Due to the specific anatomy of the subtalar joint with its oblique axis, isometric pronator and supinator strength is not well documented. The purpose of this study was to determine intra‐ and between‐session reliability of pronator and supinator strength and lower leg muscle activity measurements during maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC).

Methods

Pronator and supinator peak torques (PT), with and without supplementary visual muscle strength biofeedback (FB), and muscular activities of peroneus longus (PL) and tibialis anterior (TA) were assessed twice 3 days apart by the same examiner in 21 healthy young male adults (mean age: 27.6 years; SD = 3.9). Limits of agreement (LoA) and minimum detectable change (MDC) were evaluated.

Results

By applying FB, reliability of both pronator and supinator PT was improved: LoA were reduced from 32% to 26% and from 20% to 18% and MDC from 20% to 15% and from 16% to 12% in supinator and pronator PT, respectively. Learning effects in pronator and supinator PT (p < 0.05), which were present without FB, were eliminated using FB. Except for TA during pronation, muscle activities showed low reliability indicated by LoA of 51% to 79%.

Conclusions

Using supplementary biofeedback, isometric subtalar pronator and supinator strength testing is reliable in healthy subjects. LoA of 18% and 26% have to be exceeded for pronator and supinator PT, respectively, to detect relevant effects in repeated measures.
A prospective evaluation of the role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and the immune system in stage III/IV melanoma
Authors: Agostino Nicole Marie , Saraceni Christine , Kincaid Hope , Shi Wenjing , Nevala Wendy Kay , Markovic Svetomir , Nair Suresh G
Published: April 2015

Background

The immune system and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may be influential in melanoma behavior. We performed a prospective, exploratory analysis in 10 stage III and 22 stage IV melanoma patients to observe factors influencing outcomes.

Patients and methods

Patients accrued during 2010 and 2011 were treated according to standard protocols for disease stage. We analyzed selected biomarkers for predictive patterns of clinical response. Survival outcomes were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves.

Results

Baseline LDH was negatively correlated with length of survival and positively correlated to baseline VEGF in stage IV melanoma patients. We found a positive correlation between peripheral blood Treg concentrations and baseline VEGF in stage IV patients. No stage III patients died during the study period; median survival for stage IV patients was 48 months using a Kaplan-Meier survival curve, which illustrates the enrichment for exceptional stage IV survivors. Six stage IV patients remain disease free, including 4 of the 10 patients who received IL-2 +/− metastatectomy.

Conclusions

Recent advances in immunotherapy have demonstrated durable therapeutic responses which may favorably impact survival. Examining T-cell characteristics of metastatic melanoma patients may gain further insight into underlying immunomodulation mechanisms to guide improved therapies.
Synthesis of Novel Push–Pull Chromophores based on N-Ethylcarbazole for Vacuum Deposition Processed Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Kono Takahiro , Shibata Yosei , Wang Zhiping , Miyadera Tetsuhiko , Yoshida Yuji
Published: April 2015

Two novel p-type materials, Cz(Et)ThOM and Cz(Et)OM—respectively with and without a thiophene π-spacing unit—have been synthesized for vacuum-deposited organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The power conversion efficiencies of planar heterojunction OPVs of the former are clearly higher than that of the latter. Further improvement of the device with Cz(Et)ThOM was obtained by employing bulk heterojunction structure and post-annealing. The structural analysis of thin films by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy shows that this improvement is due to Cz(Et)ThOM becoming highly ordered during annealing.
Motives for compulsory population exchange in the aftermath of the Greek-Turkish War: (1922-1923)
Authors: Kritikos Giorgos
Published: April 2015

Εξέταση τών αιτίων τής υποχρεωτικής άνταλλαγής πληθυσμών μεταξύ
τής Ελλάδος καί τής Τουρκίας, μετά τή Μικρασιατική
Καταστροφή, υπό το φώς τών διεθνών καί εσωτερικών εξελίξεων
καί άλλαγών τής περιόδου αύτής καί μέσα άπύ το πρίσμα τών διαπραγματεύσεων
πού διεξήχθησαν μεταξύ τής Ελλάδος, τής
Τουρκίας καί τών Μεγάλων Δυνάμεων. 'Ο υποχρεωτικός χαρακτήρας
τής άνταλλαγής αύτής τήν καθιστά πρώτη στή νεότερη παγκόσμια Ιστορία. Εντούτοις, οί Ιστορικές πηγές καταδεικνύουν δτι μετά την έξοδο του έλληνισμοΰ άπό τή Μικρά ’Ασία δλα τα συμβαλλόμενα μέρη στη Συνδιάσκεψη της Λωζάννης τάχθηκαν υπέρ τής υποχρεωτικής άνταλλαγής.
Reconstructing the past through unreliable voices: A comparision between oral and literary testimonies on the Asia minor disaster of 1922
Authors: Sokou Angeliki
Published: April 2015

Ή σχέση 'Ιστορίας-Λογοτεχνίας έχει άποτελέσει άντικείμενο εκτεταμένων
επιστημονικών μελετών. Στήν περίπτωση τής Προφορικής
'Ιστορίας καί τού λογοτεχνικού είδους τής Μαρτυρίας ή σχέση γίνεται πιό
ενδιαφέρουσα. Ή προφορική ιστορία, συλλέγοντας μαρτυρίες άνθρώπων
που εζησαν ένα ιστορικό γεγονός, διαμορφώνει μιά συμπληρωματική πηγή
τής ιστοριογραφίας, παραθέτοντας τήν έκφραση τής συλλογικής μνήμης.
Οί λογοτέχνες, άπό τήν άλλη, άναφέρονται στό προσωπικό βίωμα ένός
μόνο άνθρώπου, τού ήρωά τους, τόν όποιο μέσα άπό τό έργο τους
φιλοδοξούν να καταστήσουν εκπρόσωπο μιας γενιάς καί κύριο εκφραστή 

της συλλογικής μνήμης. Κοινή προσπάθεια τής άφήγησης να άποδοθεΐ ή
άλήθεια. Αύτήν φιλοδοξεί να μεταφέρει ό άφηγηματικός λόγος τόσο στήν
προφορική ιστορία δσο καί στή λογοτεχνία. Καθώς δμως ό λόγος είναι
φορέας καί τής πολιτισμικής πραγματικότητας, ή μορφή του άποτελει
στοιχείο πού προβάλλεται άπύ τούς συγγραφείς. Καταφέρνει ό λόγος να
μεταφέρει αύτούσια την άλήθεια; Πώς έπεμβαίνει ό γράφων στήν
προφορικότητα τού λόγου; Ή λογοτεχνία αντλεί τα θέματά της άπό την
προφορική ιστορία ή το άντίστροφο; Ποια άλλα στοιχεία προκύπτουν μέσα
άπό τήν ιστορική καί πολιτισμική άνάγνωση; Το κείμενο έξετάζει τα
παραπάνω έρωτήματα άναφορικά με καταγεγραμμένες μαρτυρίες για τη
Μικρασιατική Καταστροφή. Ή άδυναμία του λόγου να περιγράφει με
άκρίβεια καί αξιοπιστία το παρελθόν έξετάζεται άναφορικά μέ τήν
((Πάροδο» άπό το έ'ργο τού Κοσμά Πολίτη, ΣτοΰΧατζηφράγκου, κείμενο
πού θεματοποιεΐ τήν ίδια τήν ενέργεια τής κατάθεσης μαρτυρίας. Ή
επέμβαση τού γράφοντα στον πηγαίο προφορικό λόγο άνιχνεύεται στις
προφορικές μαρτυρίες πού βρίσκονται συγκεντρωμένες στήν έκδοση τού
ΚΜΣ, Ή Έξο8ος, τ. Α', καί στον Κοινό Αόγο τής "Ελλης Παπα-
δημητρίου, καθώς καί στα λογοτεχνικά έ'ργα Ματωμένα Χώματα, τής Δ.
Σωτηρίου, Το Νούμερο 31328, τού Η. Βενέζη καί Ή ιστορία ενός
αιχμαλώτου τού Σ. Δούκα. Εκτεταμένη ανάλυση γίνεται, τέλος, σέ
μαρτυρίες ιστορικές καί λογοτεχνικές μέ κοινή θεματική. "Ενα θέμα, που
συναντάται σέ μία τουλάχιστον προφορική μαρτυρία «έπαναλαμβάνεται»
σέ δύο λογοτεχνικές. Ή επιλογή δύο τέτοιων ((κοινών θεμάτων» καταδεικνύει
τή σχέση μύθου καί ιστορικής άφήγησης, δπως αύτή
διαμορφώνεται στή συλλογική μνήμη, καθώς καί τή δύναμη τής
παράδοσης ώς προς τή διατήρησή τους. Μιά νέα άνάγνωση πού ένισχύει
τήν άποψη δτι καί ή Ιστορία είναι πιθανό να διαμορφώνεται σέ ενα βαθμό
άπό τή Λογοτεχνία μέ τή διαμεσολάβηση τής συλλογικής μνήμης.
Ethnic surval, nationalism and forced migration: The historical demography of the Greek community of Asia Minor at the close of the Ottoman era
Authors: Kitromilides Paschalis M. , Alexandris Alexis
Published: April 2015

Ή ιστορική δημογραφία τής ’Οθωμανικής αυτοκρατορίας βρίσκεται τά
τελευταία χρόνια στο επίκεντρο τής επιστημονικής ερευνάς στο χώρο των
’Οθωμανικών σπουδών. Μία πλειάδα ερευνητών έχουν έπιχειρήσει νά
άναστηλώσουν τήν πληθυσμιακή εξέλιξη διαφόρων περιοχών τής ’Οθωμανικής
αύτοκρατορίας, βάσει νέων στοιχείων άπό τά δυσπρόσιτα ’Οθωμανικά
άρχεΐα. Ή ιστορική δημογραφία τών πιό πρόσφατων περιόδων,
ιδίως τοΰ 19ου αιώνα, μπορεί νά τεκμηριωθεί άπό τά δεδομένα τών έπίση-
μων άπογραφών καί πληθυσμιακών καταστίχων. Ό χαρακτήρας τών πηγών
αυτών άλλά καί ό έστιασμός τοΰ ένδιαφέροντος τών έρευνητών τείνουν
στις μέχρι τώρα μελέτες νά ύπερβάλλουν άριθμητικά τό τουρκικό
στοιχείο εις βάρος τών άλλων έθνικών ομάδων τοΰ ’Οθωμανικού πληθυσμού.
Ή τάση αυτή έκδηλώνεται έντονότερα σέ σχέση μέ πιό πρόσφατες
καί συνεπώς πολιτικά πιό έπίμαχες ιστορικές περιόδους, ίδίως τήν έποχή
τής διάλυσης τής ’Οθωμανικής αύτοκρατορίας (1878 - 1920). Γιά νά έξ-
ισορροπηθεΐ ή εικόνα καί νά άποδώσει πιό πιστά τις δημογραφικές πραγματικότητες,
τόσο ώς πρός τήν έθνολογική πολυμορφία όσο καί ώς πρός
τις τάξεις τών μεγεθών, έπι βάλλεται ό έμπλουτισμός τοΰ φάσματος τών
πηγών. 'Ως συμβολή πρός αυτή τήν κατεύθυνση ή παρούσα μελέτη παρουσιάζει
στοιχεία πού προέρχονται άπό έλληνικές πηγές γιά νά άποκα-
ταστήσει άκριβέστερα τή δημογραφική εικόνα τοΰ τελευταίου έλληνι-
σμοϋ τής Μικρός ’Ασίας στις άρχές τής δεύτερης δεκαετίας τοΰ είκοστοΰ
αιώνα, πριν τήν έναρξη τών διωγμών, πού κατέληξαν στον τελικό του
ξεριζωμό δέκα χρόνια άργότερα.
Στό πρώτο μέρος τής μελέτης συνοψίζονται τά πορίσματα τής έρευνας
τοΰ Κέντρου Μικρασιατικών Σπουδών καί παρουσιάζονται οί τρεις
γεωγραφικές-έθνογραφικές ένότητες στις όποιες μπορεί νά διακριθεΐ ό
Μικρασιατικός έλληνισμός (Βορειοδυτικά καί Δυτικά παράλια, Κεντρική
καί Νότια Μικρασία, Βόρεια καί Βορειοανατολική Μικρασία). Στό δεύτερο
μέρος παρουσιάζονται συνοπτικά τά πορίσματα τής άπογραφής τοΰ
έλληνικοΰ πληθυσμοΰ τής Μικρός ’Ασίας πού πραγματοποιήθηκε σέ συνεργασία τοϋ Οικουμενικού Πατριαρχείου μέ τις κατά τόπους έλληνικές

προξενικές άρχές κατά τά ετη 1910-1912. Ή άπογραφή αύτή άνεβάζει τόν
ορθόδοξο έλληνικό πληθυσμό τής Μικρός ’Ασίας σέ 1.547.952 άτομα τό
1912. Τέλος τό τρίτο μέρος τής εργασίας παρουσιάζει τις μορφές τής έξ-
όδου του Μικρασιατικού ελληνισμού άπό τίς άρχαιες του κοιτίδες τά ετη
1922-1924. Οί τελικοί άριθμοί τού προσφυγικοΰ πληθυσμού τής Ελλάδας
πού άπέδωσε άπογραφή τού 1928 άντιπαραβάλλονται προς τούς άριθμούς
τής πατριαρχικής άπογραφής τού 1912 γιά νά άποκαλυφθεΐ για πρώτη
φορά μέ άκριβή στατιστικά στοιχεία τό μέγεθος τού όλοκαυτώματος πού
όπέστη ό ελληνικός ορθόδοξος πληθυσμός τής Μικρός ’Ασίας κατά τή
δεκαετία 1912-1922.
A note on the terms rum and anatolia in seljuk and early ottoman times
Authors: Savvides Alexis G.
Published: April 2015

Ή παρούσα μελέτη εξετάζει τις ποικίλες σημασίες των όρων Rum (=χώρες των Ρωμαίων, δηλ. των Βυζαντινών) καί Anatolia/Anatolu (= χώρεςάνατολικά τής αύτοκρατορίας, δηλ. ή Μικρά ’Ασία αλλά καί γενικότερα οί περιοχές τής ’Ανατολής), όπως αυτοί έμφανίζονται μαζί μέ τά 

παράγωγά τους (Rûm-ili, Rumelia, Anadolu κλπ.) στις μουσουλμανικές
πηγές άπό τον 11ο αί. κ.έ. Παράλληλα συζητιούνται οί ελληνικοί όροι
πού άποτέλεσαν τά πρότυπα τών προαναφερομένων ('Ρωμανία, ’Ρωμαίων-
/ρωμαϊκαί χώραι, ’Ανατολή, Έως/έώα μέρη), οί όποιοι ήδη συναντώνται
στις βυζαντινές πηγές προγενεστέρων περιόδων. Ό όρος Rum στους
Μουσουλμάνους, έκτος άπό τό σελτζουκικό σουλτανάτο τού Ίκονίου στις
πρώην «ρωμαϊκές» (= βυζαντινές) κτήσεις στή Μικρά Άσία, ύπονοεΐ
επίσης γενικότερα τούς Έλληνες τής ’Ανατολής. Τό αραβικό Bilad al-
Rûm άποτελεΐ στήν ούσία μετάφραση του 'Ρωμανία/χώραι τών ’Ρωμαίων,
όπως τό τελευταίο συναντάται στό βυζαντινό χρονικογράφο τού 9ου αί.
Θεοφάνη. Οί ’Άραβες άναφέρονταν στή Μικρά Άσία ώς Natolw οί
Τούρκοι θά άλλοιώσουν άμυδρά τόν τύπο σέ Anatolu ή Anadolu, ένώ οί
Λατίνοι -ιδιαίτερα οί χρονικογράφοι τών Σταυροφοριών- θά υιοθετήσουν
συχνά τόν έκλατινισμένο· τύπο Anatolia, πού εχει ευρέως έπικρατήσει
στις σύγχρονες ευρωπαϊκές γλώσσες (άγγλ.-ίταλ. Anatolia, γαλλ. Anatolie,
γερμ. Anatolien, κλπ.). Μιά γνωστή άναφορά σέ σούρα τού Κορανίου
άναφέρει τούς Βυζαντινούς τού Ηράκλειου ώς ar-Rûnv είναι αύτός άκρι-
βώς ό όρος πού άργότερα θά άπλουστευθεΐ ώς Rûm άπό τά πρώτα τουρκόφωνα
φύλα τόν 11ο αί. (Σελτζούκους, Ντανισμεντίδες) καί θά υιοθετηθεί
άπό τούς ίδιους τούς ’Οθωμανούς κατακτητές στούς 14ο-15ο αί. Ή
υιοθεσία αύτή τών όρων ’Ρωμανία ώς Rum καί Ανατολή ώς AnatoluIAnadolu,
μέ τούς όποιους οί Σελτζοΰκοι ήθελαν νά υποδηλώσουν τις περιοχές
τού σουλτανάτου τους, πού είχε έδραιωθεΐ πάνω στις πρώην μικρασιατικές
κτήσεις τών Βυζαντινών, φανερώνει τόν τρόπο μέ τόν όποιο οί νέοι
Μουσουλμάνοι κατακτητές τού άπώτατου δυτικού άκρου τής ’Εγγύς
Ανατολής είχαν συνδέσει τις ιστορικές τους τύχες μέ τό μεσαιωνικό
άνατολικό Ελληνισμό.

 
The neomartyr's message
Authors: Zachariadou Elizabeth Α.
Published: April 2015

Τά αγιολογικά κείμενα, τις περισσότερες φορές έργα μοναχών ή κληρικών,
τα όποια διαβάζονταν μέσα στα μοναστήρια καί στις έκκλησίες, περιέ-
κλειναν πάντα ένα δίδαγμα προς τό χριστιανικό ποίμνιο. Συνήθως ή ζωή καί
τά έργα τοϋ αγίου, πού έξιστοροϋνται μέσα σ’ ένα κείμενο, άποτελοϋν ένα
παράδειγμα πού ή Εκκλησία παρουσιάζει προς τούς πιστούς. Κατά τήν
περίοδο τής τουρκικής έξάπλωσης (13ος-15ος αί.) καί, αργότερα, κατά τήν
τουρκοκρατία παρουσιάζεται στήν αγιολογία ό τύπος τού Χριστιανού, ό
όποιος, γιά διάφορους λόγους, άσπάσθηκε τόν Μωαμεθανισμό άλλά άργότε-
ρα μετανόησε καί θέλησε νά ξαναγυρίσει στήν παλαιά του θρησκεία. Επειδή
όμως ή ίσλαμική νομοθεσία άπαγορεύει μέ θάνατο τήν άποστασία άπό
τόν Μωαμεθανισμό, ό έξισλαμισμένος Χριστιανός ύποχρεώθηκε νά πάρει
τόν δρόμο τού μαρτυρίου καί νά αγιάσει (π.χ. ό "Αγιος Μιχαήλ ό Νέος, ό
"Αγιος Θεόδωρος ό Νέος, ό "Αγιος Μάρκος ό Νέος).
Ή ’Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία, προέβαλλε τήν περίπτωση αύτών τών αγίων,
έπειδή προσπαθούσε νά προφυλάξει τό ποίμνιο άπό τόν έξισλαμισμό τονίζοντας
πώς μέσα στήν ’Οθωμανική Αύτοκρατορία ή έπιστροφή στον Χριστιανισμό
σήμαινε μαρτυρικό θάνατο.
The Turkish capital tax (varlik vergisi): An evalution
Authors: Angeletopoulos George
Published: April 2015

Ό Φόρος Περιουσίας ( Varlik Vergisi) εφαρμόστηκε στήν Τουρκία τό 1942, εν
μέσω του Β' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου. Μέ πρόφαση τις πληθωριστικές τάσεις
καί τα κερδοσκοπικά φαινόμενα πού παρουσιάστηκαν, τό τουρκικό κράτος
προχώρησε στήν ψήφιση καί τήν έφαρμογή ενός άδικου καί ετεροβαρούς
νόμου. Στόχος του ήταν να πλήξει τήν οικονομική δραστηριότητα τών μειονοτήτων
τής χώρας, τής εβραϊκής, τής ελληνικής καί τής άρμενικής. Χωρίζο-
ντάς τες σέ κατηγορίες ανάλογα μέ τή θρησκευτική/έθνοτική τους καταγωγή,
τις υποχρέωσε νά πληρώσουν τό 53% τού συνολικού φόρου.
Ό έπιμερισμός τού φόρου γινόταν κατά τρόπο υποκειμενικό καί αυθαίρετο,
καθώς έλειπαν αξιόπιστα στατιστικά στοιχεία. Σύμφωνα μέ τόν νόμο,
ένα μικρό διάστημα 15 ημερών προβλεπόταν για τήν εξόφληση τού χρέους. 

Όσοι δέν μπορούσαν να άνταποκριθούν έπρεπε να καταφύγουν στην πώληση
περιουσιακών στοιχείων, ειδάλλως τό τουρκικό κράτος προέβαινε στή
δημοπρασία τους. Οί οφειλέτες εξορίζονταν σέ στρατόπεδα συγκέντρωσης
στην ανατολική Μικρά ’Ασία έως ότου εξοφλήσουν τά χρέη τους. Ό νόμος
δέν έδινε τή δυνατότητα ενστάσεων ή έφέσεων στους φορολογηθέντες.
Τόσο κατά τήν κυοφορία, όσο καί κατά τήν εφαρμογή τού νόμου τού
Φόρου Περιουσίας ό τουρκικός Τύπος παρείχε τήν άμέριστη υποστήριξή
του στή συγκεκριμένη κυβερνητική απόφαση. "Ενα μεγάλο μέρος σημαινόντων
δημοσιογράφων ήταν ταυτόχρονα μέλη καί βουλευτές τού κυβερ-
νώντος «Ρεπουμπλικανικοΰ Λαϊκού Κόμματος», γεγονός πού διευκόλυνε
τή χειραγώγηση τής τουρκικής κοινής γνώμης από τήν κεμαλική έλίτ.
"Ετσι, οί μειονότητες παρουσιάζονταν μέ έντονα άρνητικό τρόπο καί τό
κράτος καλούνταν νά θέσει τέλος στήν «προνομιούχο» θέση τους.
Ό Φόρος Περιουσίας ήταν τό αποτέλεσμα των πολιτικών ιδεών καί
στερεοτύπων τής κεμαλικής έλίτ, άλλα καί παράγωγο ιδεολογικών επιδράσεων
άπό τή ναζιστική Γερμανία. Μεσοπρόθεσμα είχε ως αποτέλεσμα μία
τεράστια μεταφορά κεφαλαίου άπό τις μειονότητες στό τουρκικό κράτος
καί τήν τότε νεοαναδυόμενη τουρκική επιχειρηματική τάξη, ενώ μακροπρόθεσμα
προκάλεσε τήν άπροθυμία τών μειονοτήτων νά προχωρήσουν σέ
περαιτέρω επενδύσεις κεφαλαίου στήν Τουρκία. Άπό τήν άποψη αυτή, ό
Φόρος Περιουσίας εντάσσεται σέ ένα σύνολο πολιτικών έκτουρκισμού τής
οικονομικής ζωής τής χώρας, πολιτικών πού ξεκίνησαν άπό τήν περίοδο
τών «Νεοτούρκων» καί κορυφώθηκαν μέ τις απελάσεις τών Ελλήνων άπό
τήν Κωνσταντινούπολη τό 1964.
Un portrait robot de l'anonyme de 1789
Authors: Brad-Chisacof Lia
Published: April 2015

Στό άρθρο αυτό παρουσιάζεται μια άνανεωμένη άνάγνωση τού «’Ανωνύμου
τού 1789», καί δίνεται γαλλική μετάφραση τού κειμένου σε παράρτημα.
Υπογραμμίζεται ή σημασία των συμβόλων καί γίνεται προσπάθεια νά ανακαλυφθεί
ή συνάφεια μεταξύ τους. Φαίνεται ότι τό παν στρέφεται γύρω
άπό τό μηδέν πού επιτρέπει καί πορνογραφικούς υπαινιγμούς.
Σημαντικό ρόλο παίζει ή πολυγλωσσία, ή οποία έπιτρέπει λογοπαίγνια
αδύνατα σε ένα μονόγλωσσο λόγο. Αυτά τά λογοπαίγνια τονίζουν τις Ιδέες
πού υπερείχαν στήν εποχή, δηλαδή τήν αντιστοιχία των κόσμων καί των
θρησκευμάτων.
Μεταξύ τών άγνωστων μέχρι τώρα πηγών τού «’Ανωνύμου» διακρίνεται
ώς πρότυπό του τό γνωστότερο κατά τή ζωή τού Diderot έργο του, δηλαδή
Les Bijoux Indiscrets.
Τελικά γίνεται μιά προσπάθεια ταύτισης τού ανωνύμου συγγραφέα. Χάρη
στίς αρχαιολογικές αρετές πού επιφέρει ή γλωσσική ανάλυση, τά κύριό-

τέρα δεδομένα τής ζωής του έρχονται στο φως: ή παιδεία του, οί γλώσσες
πού μιλούσε, οί τόποι όπου είχε ταξιδέψει, διάφορες περιπέτειες. "Ισως,
αφού ό κύκλος των Ελλήνων διανοούμενων των Παραδουνάβιων Ηγεμονιών
δσο ευρύς καί αν ήτανε μάς είναι αρκετά γνωστός σήμερα, να πρόκειται
για τόν Γρηγόριο Κωνσταντά.
Orthodox culture and collective identity in the ottoman balkans during the eighteenth century
Authors: Kitromilides Paschalis M.
Published: April 2015

Τό ζήτημα τής συλλογικής ταυτότητας στήν ’Οθωμανική Βαλκανική καί ή
συμβολή τής ’Ορθόδοξης εκκλησιαστικής παράδοσης στή διάπλαση τού
αύτοπροσδιορισμοΰ τών πληθυσμών τής περιοχής κατά τον δέκατο όγδοο
αιώνα εξετάζονται σέ πολλαπλά επίπεδα. ’Αρχικά σκιαγραφειται ή εικόνα
όπως αναδύεται από τις πηγές, μέ άφετηρία απόπειρες νά άναπαραστηθεΐ
γραφικά ή εθνολογία τής περιοχής σέ γλωσσικούς χάρτες τής Εύρώπης. Πε-
ριγράφεται εν συνεχεία τό φαινόμενο τών επάλληλων διασπορών ώς συνεκτικός
παράγοντας πού ενοποιούσε τή Βαλκανική κοινωνία πριν τή διάσπασή
της από τά εθνικά κράτη. Εξετάζεται επίσης ό ρόλος τής ’Ορθόδοξης
Εκκλησίας, τού συστήματος τής άνώτερης παιδείας καί τού εμπορίου
ώς οί δυναμικοί συντελεστές πού διαμόρφωναν τήν ενιαία κοινότητα τών
λαών τής περιοχής καί σημειώνεται ή ρευστότητα καί συνεχής μεταλλαγή
τών γλωσσικών ταυτοτήτων, Έπισημαίνεται ότι άποτέλεσμα τής έπενέρ-
γειας τών τριών αύτών συντελεστών ύπήρξε ή εύρύτατη διάδοση καί καθιέρωση
τής ελληνικής γλώσσας ώς οργάνου τής επικοινωνίας στή Νοτιοανατολική
Ευρώπη πριν τό 1821. Τονίζεται ότι πολλές άπό τις πολιτισμικές
εκδηλώσεις πού είχαν ώς όργανο τήν ελληνική γλώσσα δέν πρέπει νά έρμη-

γεύονται ώς εθνικά καθορισμένα φαινόμενα καί μέ το ίδιο πνεύμα άνα-
σκευάζεται ό ιστοριογραφικός αναχρονισμός ότι δήθεν ή Εκκλησία τής
Κωνσταντινουπόλεως κατά την εποχή αυτή δοκίμασε να «έξελληνίσει» τούς
αλλόγλωσσους ’Ορθόδοξους πληθυσμούς τής Βαλκανικής.
Οί γενικότερες ερμηνευτικές θέσεις τής μελέτης εικονογραφούνται μέ
συγκεκριμένα παραδείγματα, πού άναδεικνύουν τή ρευστότητα των ταυτοτήτων
στήν προεθνική κοινωνία. Τα παραδείγματα περιλαμβάνουν τις περιπτώσεις
τού Θεοδώρου Καβαλλιώτη, τού Ναούμ Ramniceanu καί τού Διονυσίου
Φωτεινού, πού εμφανίζονται ώς εκπρόσωποι μιας κοινωνικής καί
πολιτισμικής πραγματικότητας, τήν όποια σάρωσε από τό προσκήνιο τής
Ιστορίας ή Ισχύς των εθνικισμών.
Massa fresca de estacas e doses de ácido indolacético no enraizamento de tango
Authors: Muniz Moisés Alves , Barbosa José Geraldo , Oliveira Luma Gerçossimo , Pimenta Jéssica Fernanda N.
Published: April 2015

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of indole acetic acid (IAA) on fresh weight of cuttings and in the rooting of goldenrod. The first experiment was arranged in randomized blocks in factorial scheme 5 x 3, and 5 doses of IAA at 0, 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/L and three evaluation periods (7, 14 and 21 days after staking-DAS) with six replications. The second experiment was also established in randomized blocks in factorial scheme 4 x 2, with 4 class of fresh weight (0.5-0.7, 0.71-0.9, 0.91-1.10 and greater than 1.10 g) in the presence or absence of indol butyric acid (IBA) and two evaluation periods (14, 21 days after staking), with six replications. In both experiments, the stakes were standardized to 5 cm. In the first experiment the stakes were 1 cm from its base immersed for 30 seconds in different water-alcohol solutions of IAA, while the second base of the cuttings were immersed in water, and then the powder containing 2000 mg/kg of IBA, and subsequently placed for rooting in trays with 256 cells (45 mL). Number of roots/cutting, rooting and survival of seedlings were determined. The presence or absence of IAA or IBA does not affect the rooting of cuttings and even the survival of seedlings. There was no effect on rooting cycle suggesting that the dosage is 2000 mg/L of IAA, because it provided higher number of roots/cutting, while the increase in fresh weight of cuttings provided to increase the number of roots/cuttings.
Resgate histórico da praça da Basílica de Bom Jesus de Matosinhos em Congonhas, Minas Gerais
Authors: Juste Luiza De Castro , Paiva Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira
Published: April 2015

The squares and gardens have always been constructed at the heart of cities, enshrining its history and giving place to the public and private events of the population. The historic gardens contribute to the memory and identity of a people, and can be considered as cultural heritage and living monument and therefore the importance of its preservation. These gardens are present in many localities, especially in the colonial towns of Minas Gerais, which have their roots in the incessant search for gold and the ways traced by the then Royal Road. Congonhas, a town that emerged from the gold exploration, and also from the faith of the portuguese, has enormous tourism potential. It´s history is marked by Aleijadinho masterpiece, which turned it into a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. This study had as objective to consider the importance of historic gardens, to study the historical-cultural evolution and landscape of the square of the Basílica Bom Jesus de Matosinhos with emphasis on morphological transformations of the space it occupied, and the social representations found. For this, it was made an exploratory research through site visits, interviews, and literature and iconographic searches. The gathering of the collected data allowed to organize them in the historical process of area occupation and enabled the identification of the main changes that occurred over time. There was no intention of occupying the square, either as a community space, whether as ornamentation until the 1920´s. The idea of beautifying the place came only with the arrival of the Redemptorist Priests in Congonhas in 1923. Since then, several forms were acquired through the garden, including a project by Roberto Burle Marx. The square has a religious purpose and does not load the design of most Brazilian squares as a place of social coexistence of the population or framework from political power.
Cultivo de Tillandsia geminiflora Brongn. em diferentes substratos
Authors: Demattê Maria Esmeralda Soares Payão , Vidal Ula
Published: April 2015

Tillandsia geminiflora is little grown in Brazil, but has good potential for exportation. Tree fern fiber was used in mixtures for bromeliad cultivation until the prohibition of this practice. The replacement of tree fern by other materials with similar properties has been researched. Thus, and the aim of this study was to compare the development of T. geminiflora grown in media with different vegetal components (tree fern, coconut husk and pinus bark). Plant development was evaluated for about two years. Pure coconut bark husk gave the best results.
Child Creativity in the Context of Education at Standard and Alternative Schools in Slovakia
Authors: Szobiová Eva
Published: April 2015

The contribution gives a review of the research findings mapping (survey) the pupils’ creativity level. It provides information about education in alternative schools: Montessori, Waldorf and the Integrated Thematic Instruction (ITI), where the research was realised. The Torrance test (TTCT) and Urban test (TSD-Z) were used for the identification of pupils’ creativity. The procreative tendency of the teachers was examined by the Self-Rating Scale of the Creatively Oriented Personality (SRSCP). The comparison of pupils’ and teachers’ results from standard and alternative schools brought diverse results. Our findings regarding the creativity level of pupils attending the second grade of Montessori and Waldorf schools (N=50) in comparison with the children in standard schools suggest no significant differences. The pupils of the alternative classes of ITI (N= 206) achieved significantly higher scores of originality than those of standard schools (N=194). A link between the teachers’ creative orientation and their pupils’ creativity has not been found.
SMEs Managers – A Need for Competence
Authors: Szczepańska-Woszczyna Katarzyna
Published: April 2015

The issue of managerial competencies is important due to the fact that it is the management staff who are responsible for developing a corporate strategy, especially as far as SMEs are concerned. A process of competence development in SMEs is worth being investigated as it proceeds differently than in big organizations, the experience of which is used in the presented research. SMEs are the driving force of economy in well developed countries. Their competitiveness is largely determined by their managers’ competencies. They are inextricably linked with the process of education. Education systems and school curricula equip young people with knowledge and skills that are the basis for the later development of professional competencies and the ability to learn throughout one’s life. They are complemented by the process of lifelong learning, various forms of non-formal education and self-education. On the other hand, knowledge of competencies necessary for a given position (in this case managerial) is a source of knowledge for the development of an educational process fulfilling the needs of the labour market. The presented study covers the findings of a test survey, purpose of which was to identify the importance of key managerial competencies, competencies needed by managers in SMEs, and to define a set of competencies that managers wish to develop.
Teachers’ Personality in the Process of Education
Authors: Jozek Milan
Published: April 2015

There is something in everyone that does not change. The personality of a teacher or an educator stays in the centre of educational work. The personal contact and dialogic disposition of a teacher helps to form the personal potential of a human being to overcome the difficulties and contribute to the optimal functioning in a social environment. The process of learning and the growth of personality belong to a category of interpersonal relationships. A very strong emphasis is placed on the so called “methods of dialogue“, which can not only reduce destructive influences, but also teaches us how to accept criticism in a non-offensive way. Everything should take place in an open climate without judgement.
The Replication of the System of Conductive Education in the United States
Authors: Benyovszky Andrea
Published: April 2015

During the 1980s, the methodology of Hungarian-created conductive education began its innovation in becoming an international model for working with individuals with physical disabilities. Its prevalence has increased around the world ever since. These international interests stimulated efforts to develop ways in which the discipline of conductive education (CE) could occur abroad and as a result, develop a worldwide network of practice. In the United States the first establishment of this international model of conductive education occurred in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Under the professional supervision of the András Pető Institute of Conductive Education and College for Conductor Training, (MPANNI in Hungarian), the Conductive Learning Center (CLC) was established in 1999, enrolling students to participate in the conductive education model and also serving as the laboratory school for the Aquinas College (AQ) teacher preparation program for earning the endorsement to teach the Physically and Otherwise Health Impaired (POHI). Currently, this collaborative program at AQ provided with MPANNI is unique in North America.
Grandiose Gefühle
Authors: Preußer Heinz-Peter
Published: April 2015

The Sublime is a framework for overwhelming emotions in a neuronalphysiologic und psychological sense. And since Burke’s Enquiry it has been established as a constitutive part of the discourse of aesthetics. With Kant, his empirical exposition took a decisive transcendental turn, unfolding the dichotomy of the Mathematically and the Dynamically Sublime. Whereas in the former case, we are stunned by the incomprehensible vastness of impression, in the latter we enjoy the mighty, threatening and extinguishing power of nature once we ourselves are safe. Both feelings are generated by the cinema as a dispositive of artificial experience in which it becomes sensually evident why imagination fails in its ability to comprehend the whole. But although perceiving its diminutiveness, the subject masters this failure by raising itself up in being able to think - as opposed to imagining - the Greatness. Lyotard interprets this hubris as an act of self-empowerment, tending to extinguish the experience of nature. Therefore, his interest in the Sublime bears on abstract, amorphous art and lighting installations. This article, however, argues that especially with regard to the film as mass media, the categories and concepts of the sublime as deployed in the 18th century are still appropriate in order to grasp a major form of our aesthetic experience.
Brief aus Äthiopien
Authors: Gutema Bekele
Published: April 2015

The letter deals with the establishing and development of philosophical education in the Department of Philosophy of Addis Ababa University. It explores the focus of philosophical education since its inception, unravelling a trajectory that began with a few courses and has now reached a level where a PhD in teaching is offered and important research undertaken. It explains how certain philosophical issues have influenced the evolution of philosophical education in Ethiopia. The dynamics of philosophical education in Ethiopia is constituted by the debate on the nature and task of philosophy. This highlights a healthy and fruitful debate by students of philosophy pointing out that philosophy can be contextualised to enlighten us on social and moral questions without, of course, forgetting the traditional and main branches of philosophy.
A Causal Perspective on OSIM2 Data Generation, with Implications for Simulation Study Design and Interpretation
Authors: Gruber Susan
Published: April 2015

Research by the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) has focused on developing and evaluating strategies to exploit observational electronic data to improve post-market prescription drug surveillance. A data simulator known as OSIM2 developed by the OMOP statistical methods group has been used as a testbed for evaluating and comparing different estimation procedures for detecting adverse drug-related events from data similar to that found in electronic insurance claims data. The simulation scheme produces a longitudinal dataset with millions of observations designed to closely match marginal distributions of important covariates in a known dataset. In this paper we provide a non-parametric structural equation model for the data generating process and construct the associated directed acyclic graph (DAG) depicting the causal structure. These representations reveal key differences between simulated and real-world data, including a departure from longitudinal causal relationships, absence of (presumed) sources of bias and time ordering of covariates that conflicts with reality. The DAG also reveals the presence of unmeasured baseline confounding of the causal effect of a drug on a subsequent medical condition. Conclusions naively drawn from this simulation study could mislead an investigator trying to gain insight into estimator performance on real data. Applying causal inference tools allows us to draw more informed conclusions and suggests modifications to the simulation scheme that would more closely align simulated and real-world data.
Reclassification of cytologically atypical thyroid nodules based on radiologic features in pediatric patients
Authors: Arva Nicoleta C. , Deitch Sarah G.
Published: April 2015

In children the percentage of “Atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance” (“AUS/FLUS”) cases is greater and the risk of malignancy is higher than expected. Our study aimed to determine if cytologically atypical nodules can be better characterized using imaging techniques for appropriate management of pediatric patients.

Thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens were reclassified using the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC). Cytologic-histologic correlation was performed to determine if the cytopathologic groups had different associations with the surgical outcome. The “AUS/FLUS” lesions were then subdivided based on radiologic features and the outcome was analyzed for each subgroup.

Histologically benign follicular nodules showed uniform distribution between the “benign” vs. “AUS/FLUS” (p=0.09) or between the “AUS/FLUS” vs. “follicular neoplasm” (“FN”) cytologic groups (p=0.27). The follicular neoplasms were also evenly distributed between the “FN” vs. “AUS/FLUS” categories (p=0.31). “Benign”, “AUS/FLUS”, and “FN” designations showed comparable associations with papillary thyroid carcinoma classical variant (PTC-cv). Reclassification of atypical lesions based on ultrasound findings yielded two subcategories with different risk of malignancy: one similar to the “benign” group (11% malignancy rate) and one comparable with the “FN” category (28% risk of malignant neoplasm).

“AUS/FLUS” designation does not add significant value in categorization of pediatric thyroid nodules. These lesions can be reclassified based on radiologic features to provide accurate information for follow-up.
Laboratory diagnostics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: von Eckardstein Arnold
Published: April 2015

Owing to the high prevalence and associated complications of liver fibrosis, of any etiology, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), both have become important public health issues. Liver biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis, as well as NAFLD. Recent studies have discovered and validated several non-invasive biochemical biomarkers and imaging procedures for the diagnostics of liver fibrosis and NAFLD. In comparison to patented tests (FibroTest®, Fibrometer®, and Hepascore®), non-patented tests (APRI, ELFG, FIB-4, Forns Index, and MP3) tend to have a lower diagnostic performance, especially for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis (METAVIR stage F2). The difference in performance is less pronounced for the diagnosis of cirrhosis (METAVIR stage F4). Elastography is superior to biomarkers in the diagnosis of cirrhosis (F4) but not fibrosis (F2). However, in 20% of patients elastography cannot be performed or evaluated due to anatomical reasons. Cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) is the most promising single biomarker for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Scores and algorithms have been less extensively validated for their diagnostic performance in diagnosing and staging of NAFLD and NASH as compared with fibrosis in chronic hepatitis. Data are promising. Patented scores as well as CK-18 appear slightly superior to freely available scores including the NAFLD fibrosis score, which is recommended by American guidelines. In conclusion, non-invasive biomarkers and elastography appear promising as prescreening tools to limit the number of liver biopsies.
Legal issues of genome analysis
Authors: Schillhorn Kerrin
Published: April 2015

A number of legal issues arise with regard to genome analyses. In the context of medical treatment, some of these issues are being dealt with by the German Gendiagnostikgesetz. In the context of science, the right to self-determination over personal data should be observed. A legislative act would be necessary to create a reliable basis for scientists, doctors, and patients.
Picturing Lee Dick
Authors: Goldman Tanya
Published: April 2015

This short essay provides an overview of the career of Lee Dick, a female nonfiction film director and producer in the late 1930s and '40s. With a body of work that traverses documentary, industrial, and amateur production, Dick challenges perceived divisions between often overlapping spheres of nonfiction filmmaking and invokes tensions between personal and institutional authorship within a sponsored, and deeply collaborative, media context. Her largely unexamined career is a window into gendered labor and mid-twentieth-century media production.
CRITICAL CARE ECHO ROUNDS: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Victor Kelly , Barrett Nicholas A. , Gillon Stuart , Gowland Abigail , Meadows Christopher I. S. , Ioannou Nicholas
Published: April 2015

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an advanced form of organ support indicated in selected cases of severe cardiovascular and respiratory failure. Echocardiography is an invaluable diagnostic and monitoring tool in all aspects of ECMO support. The unique nature of ECMO, and its distinct effects upon cardio-respiratory physiology, requires the echocardiographer to have a sound understanding of the technology and its interaction with the patient. In this article, we introduce the key concepts underpinning commonly used modes of ECMO and discuss the role of echocardiography.

Case

A 38-year-old lady, with no significant past medical history, was admitted to her local hospital with group A Streptococcal pneumonia. Rapidly progressive respiratory failure ensued and, despite intubation and maximal ventilatory support, adequate oxygenation proved impossible. She was attended by the regional severe respiratory failure service who established her on veno-venous (VV)-ECMO for respiratory support. Systemic oxygenation improved; however, significant cardiovascular compromise was encountered and echocardiography demonstrated a severe septic cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction <15%, aortic velocity time integral 5.9 cm and mitral regurgitation dP/dt 672 mmHg/s). Her ECMO support was consequently converted to a veno-veno-arterial configuration, thus providing additional haemodynamic support. As the sepsis resolved, arterial ECMO support was weaned under echocardiographic guidance; subsequent resolution of intrinsic respiratory function allowed the weaning of VV-ECMO support. The patient was liberated from ECMO 7 days after hospital admission.
Neurotrophic factors in tension-type headache
Authors: Domingues Renan B. , Duarte Halina , Rocha Natália P. , Teixeira Antonio L.
Published: April 2015

Neurotrophic factors (NF) are involved in pain regulation and a few studies have suggested that they may play a pathophysiological role in primary headaches. The aim of this study was to investigate NF levels in patients with tension type headache (TTH). We carried out a cross sectional study including 48 TTH patients and 48 age and gender matched controls. Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, and Headache Impact Test were recorded. Serum levels of NF were determined by ELISA. There were not significant differences between NF levels between TTH patients and controls. Patients with chronic and episodic TTH had not significant differences in NF levels. The presence of headache at the time of evaluation did not significantly alter the levels of NF. Depression and anxiety scores as well as headache impact did not correlate with NF levels. Our study suggest that the serum levels of NF are not altered in TTH.
Aspects correlates with Scandinavian Stroke Scale for predicting early neurological impairment
Authors: Luvizutto Gustavo José , Gabriel Maicon Gonçalves , Braga Gabriel Pereira , Fernandes Thiago Dias , Resende Luiz Antônio de Lima , Pontes Neto Octávio Marques , Bazan Rodrigo
Published: April 2015

Objective To investigate the correlation between the Alberta Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and the Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) for the evaluation of neurological impairment in patients with acute stroke. Method 59 patients with a first acute ischemic stroke were evaluated. The ASPECTS were evaluated by 2 neurologists at admission and by another neurologist after 48 hours. The NIHSS and SSS was applied to determinate stroke severity. Correlations and agreements were analysed statistically by Spearman and Kappa tests. Results ASPECTS was correlated with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission (r = -0.52; p < 0.001) and SSS (r = 0.50; p < 0.001). The ASPECTS and SSS items were most correlated with arm (r = 0.52; p < 0.001) and hand (r = 0.49; p < 0.001) motor power, and speech (r = 0.51; p < 0.001). The SSS of 25.5 shows sensitivity (68%) and specificity (72%) when associated with ASPECTS ≤ 7. Conclusion The SSS can predict worst neurological impairment when associated with lower values of ASPECTS.
ANÁLISE DE IMAGENS NA DETERMINAÇÃO DA FORMA E TEXTURA DE AREIAS
Authors: Araújo Georgia Serafim , Bicalho Kátia Vanessa , Tristão Fernando Avancini
Published: April 2015

A forma dos grãos tem importante papel na avaliação da distribuição granulométrica das partículas de um solo. Entretanto, a maioria das técnicas de peneiramento evidencia que os grãos são esféricos e descritos por um único parâmetro, o diâmetro. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a aplicação da análise de imagens, aliada ao grau de esfericidade e à teoria dos fractais, como ferramenta para mensurar parâmetros de forma e textura superficial de duas areias de características supostamente distintas da região da Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Os resultados dos parâmetros de forma e textura superficial das amostras são apresentados e discutidos. As análises dos resultados para a variável esfericidade mostram diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as duas areias de origens diferentes. A areia de jazida de cordão litorâneo (AJ) apresentou grau de esfericidade ligeiramente superior e textura superficial mais lisa do que a de rio (AR), indicando que as areias AJ sofreram maior intemperismo em razão do transporte.