bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Strip Entry Temperature on Spangle Size of Hot-Dip 55%Al-Zn-Si Coated Steel Sheets
Authors: Li Yuan Peng , Liu Peng , Jiang She Ming , Zhang Jie , Zhang Qi Fu
Published: December 2024

Objectives: We investigate the effect of the strip entry temperature (SET) of steel sheets on the spangle size of hot-dip 55%Al-Zn-Si (Galvalume) coating. Methods: The hot-dip Galvalume coatings with different SETs were prepared by a hot-dip simulator on a 2.0 mm thick steel sheet. The surface of the coating, the morphology of the coating, and the structure of the interfacial alloy layer were analyzed by using an optical microscope (OM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: The average size of spangles on the coatings decreased from about 3.4 mm (29 pcs per 100 mm) at the SET of 500°C to about 1.9 mm (53 pcs per 100 mm) at the SET of 650°C. The thickness of the intermetallic compound layer in the interface layer increased from about 2.6 μm at the SET of 500°C to about 3.4 μm at the SET of 650°C. Conclusions: The increase in the SET increased the diffusion of iron atoms through the interfacial FeAl3/α-AlFeSi phase, and the thickening of the interfacial alloy layer was conducive to the nucleation of the aluminum-rich dendrites, which resulted in the decrease in the spangle size.
Degradation of Pipeline Steel’s Strength under High Temperature and Load due to Cavity Formation
Authors: Nguyen Cao Son , Nguyen Thu Hien , Bui Anh Hoa
Published: December 2024

The study aims to determine the load contributes to changes in the tensile strength of steel P22 at high temperatures. The steel sample was loaded under 95 and 125 N at a temperature of 700 °C for 72 hours. The results showed that the strength of P22 decreased with increasing load. At the temperature of 700 °C, the yield strength (YS) value decreased from 200 to 182 MPa and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reduced from 353 to 321 MPa as the load increased from 95 to 125 N. The precipitation of carbide in the matrix of P22 was observed in the steel sample loaded under 125 N at 700 °C for 72 hours. Furthermore, the cavity formation located on the boundary and near the carbide was confirmed when the temperature was 700 °C and the load increased from 95 to 125 N. The cavity was proof of a stress increase near the grain boundary, causing a decrease in the steel’s strength after a certain period of working time at high temperatures.
ZnO/GO Composite as Electrochemical Sensor for GABA Detection
Authors: Jongprateep Oratai , Pitiphattharabun Siraprapa , Lanamkham Kulanit , Panomsuwan Gasidit , Ohta Jun
Published: December 2024

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a crucial inhibitory neurotransmitter that decreases nervous system activity by inhibiting signal transmission across synapses. Imbalances in GABA levels are linked to neurological diseases. This study developed an electrochemical sensor for detecting GABA using a ZnO/GO composite as the sensing material. Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized via a modified Hummer’s method, while nanoparticulate zinc oxide (ZnO) was prepared using a solution combustion method. X-ray diffraction and morphological analysis showed crumpled graphene oxide sheets stacked into multilayers and a single phase of wurtzite-structured ZnO with a crystallite size of 69.37 nm; however, the particles tended to cluster together into larger agglomerates, leading to a reduction in specific surface area. The ZnO/GO composite demonstrated synergistic electrocatalytic activity. Cyclic voltammetry in GABA solutions (0.1 to 1000 µM) revealed distinctive oxidation and reduction peaks with sensitivity ranged from 0.0184 to 0.6629 µA mM-1 mm-2. Despite moderate electrocatalytic performance, the ZnO/graphene oxide composite shows potential as a GABA sensing material.
Research on Corrosion Resistance of Plasma Nitriding Modified Layer on Stainless Steel Metal Bipolar Plate
Authors: Shen Lie , hui Zhuo Fan , Miu Shu Jiang , Sui Jiang Hua , Sun Peng
Published: December 2024

The acidic environment and polarization in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) result in severe electrochemical corrosion issues for the bipolar plates of metal-based fuel cells. AISI 304 stainless steel is studied in this paper as the bipolar substrate and treated with plasma nitriding to improve its corrosion resistance performance. The influence of process parameters on the growth pattern of nitrided layers was discussed, and the microstructure and properties of modified layers were systematically studied. Results show that an expanded austenite nitride layer is obtained when the nitriding temperature is under 450°C, which has good corrosion resistance. When CrN precipitates at higher nitriding temperatures, the corrosion resistance of the nitride layer sharply decreases. The presence of valence states of N and Cr atoms in the nitrided layer determines the corrosion resistance of nitrided stainless steel samples.
Design and experiment of a self-propelled two-row garlic combine harvester
Authors: Zhang Xu , Li Hua , Qi Xindan , Nyambura Samuel Mbugua , Wang Yongjian , Fu Jieyi
Published: December 2024

Given the significant damage rate observed during the transportation of current garlic combine harvesters in China, this study aims to design a new garlic combine harvester capable of achieving minimal harvest losses. The designed machine can simultaneously complete operations for garlic digging, clamping transport, seedling-bulb separation, soil cleaning, and fruit collection across two rows. Through the use of theoretical analysis and calculation of garlic harvesting operations, the key parameters of soil-breaking device, clamping transport device, length-limiting cutting device, and soil cleaning conyeyor were determined. The Box-Behnken test technique was utilized within Design-Expert software, and orthogonal experiments were conducted with the unit's forward speed, digging depth, and soil-breaking angle as test factors, and the stem cutting rate and bulb damage rate as test indices. The test results showed that when the unit's forward speed, digging depth, and soil-breaking angle were 0.49 m/s, 100 mm, and 20°, respectively, the working parameter combination was the best, and the rate of stem cutting and damage were 95.71% and 3.10%, respectively. The findings from the field experiment and optimization aligned closely. This study can provide reference for the development of mechanized garlic harvesting.
Did COVID-19 pandemic have any impact on suicide trends in India? Insights from the National Crime Records Bureau data
Authors: Singh Pooja , Pandit Niraj , Dave Rucha , Patel Maharshi
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

This study reviewed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide trends and sociodemographic profiles in India using data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB).

Methods:

The study collected data on suicide-related information from the official publications of the NCRB for the years 2017–2022. Suicide data from January 2017 to December 2022 were analyzed.

Results:

The suicide rate per 100,000 population increased from 9.9 in 2017 to 12.4 in 2022, indicating a rising trend. Males consistently had higher suicide numbers, increasing from 89,019 in 2017 to 122,724 in 2022, a 37.9% rise. Female suicides increased from 40,852 in 2017 to 48,172 in 2022, a 17.9% rise. The trend line indicates a constant increase in the suicide rate, with an R
2 = 0.96. It is consistent in pre- and post-COVID-19 era.

Conclusion:

The study revealed that there was a steady increase in suicide from 2017 to 2022. There is no any serious rise of the suicide rate during or post-COVID-19 pandemic, and the increase was constant. Looking to this, there is an urgent need to take action to prevent suicides in India.
Autobiographical memory specificity, childhood abuse and neglect, and emotional dysregulation in dissociative disorders: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shamsudeen Sheeba , Sinha Prakriti , Goyal Nishant
Published: December 2024

Background:

Autobiographical memory specificity, the ability to recall detailed personal experiences, plays a critical role in the development of psychopathology. Individuals who experience childhood abuse and neglect often exhibit overgeneral autobiographical memory, characterized by a lack of specificity in recalling personal events. This is thought to develop as a coping mechanism to avoid distressing memories, but it may impair effective emotional regulation. Past studies on memory specificity have rarely studied individuals with dissociative disorders who maybe hypothesized to compartmentalize information related to negative emotions.

Aim:

This study examines deficits in autobiographical memory among those with dissociative disorders compared to healthy controls. It also examines the relationships among autobiographical memory specificity, childhood abuse and neglect, and emotional regulation.

Methods:

This study utilizes a cross-sectional design with 30 adults with dissociative disorders and 30 age and gender-matched healthy controls. Purposive sampling was used, and all participants completed Autobiographical Memory Task, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale.

Results:

Individuals with dissociative disorders showed more overgeneral memories and had difficulties in emotional regulation compared to healthy controls. A negative correlation was found between specific and overgeneral memories in the dissociative group.

Conclusion:

Childhood abuse and neglect may be linked to impairments in autobiographical memory specificity and problems in emotional regulation among those with dissociation. This study can potentially add to the existing literature to emphasize the role of autobiographical memory in posttraumatic psychopathology.
Cardiac Computed Tomography Detected the Hidden Culprit of a Cryptogenic Stroke: A “Cold” Case
Authors: Cordoni Gabriele , De Amicis Morena , Savo Maria Teresa , Motta Raffaella
Published: December 2024

Around 25%–40% of ischemic strokes are cryptogenic, with no identifiable cause despite thorough evaluation. The mechanisms behind cryptogenic strokes are often embolic, frequently originating from occult cardiac sources. An unroofed coronary sinus (UCS), a rare congenital anomaly, involves a partial or complete absence of the coronary sinus roof, leading to a connection between the left atrium and the coronary sinus. This defect can be asymptomatic or present with symptoms such as paradoxical embolism due to shunting. We present the case of a 70-year-old male with prolonged chest pain and a history of neurological symptoms, who was later diagnosed with a UCS (types III and IV) through cardiac computed tomography (CCT). A cardiac bubble test confirmed a right-to-left shunt, which was not detected on transthoracic echocardiography. This case underscores the importance of considering advanced imaging techniques such as CCT in the diagnosis of cryptogenic stroke, as echocardiography may miss defects due to poor visualization of posterior cardiac structures.
A comparative study of access to healthcare and health-related quality of life among adults with disabilities during COVID-19 pandemic in Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Maende Stephene Osongo , Mactaggart Islay , Godia Pamela , Davey Calum , Olenja Joyce
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
This study compared the health-related quality of life of adults with disabilities against a control group in Kakamega County. The effect of access to health care on healthrelated quality of life during COVID-19 was also assessed.
METHODOLOGY
A case-control study was undertaken with 212 persons with disabilities and a comparator group of 212 individuals. Matching between persons with and without disabilities was based on age (+ or -5 years) and sex. The World Health Organisation Quality of Life Questionnaire and WHO Module on disabilities were adopted to assess Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) and access to healthcare respectively. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
RESULTS
Persons with disabilities had significantly lower HRQOL scores compared with the control group (mean difference, 6.89 p<0.01). They were also more likely to encounter barriers to healthcare access. Access to healthcare was positively associated with the HRQOL for the two groups (0.29 p<0.05) but, those with disabilities who experienced limited access to healthcare had lower HRQOL (-0.09 p<0.038).
CONCLUSION
Disability was associated with lower HRQOL. In both groups, access to healthcare was linked to higher HRQOL. Policies to enhance access to healthcare for persons with disabilities; subsidies on medical costs, and ensuring disability-friendly hospitals, are imperative. Awareness of the rights of persons with disabilities, and solving inequities in education and labour market access, is necessary to achieve full participation of persons with disabilities in social life.
The effectiveness of an education intervention on the health-related quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Oluchina Sherry
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION
The increasing prevalence rate has made diabetes a world epidemic. Type 1 diabetes mellitus has an impact on everyday life and in general, it reduces the healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) of adolescents. Considering diabetes and its associated effects on patients' health-related quality of life, this interventional study was performed to promote the health-related quality of life using education based on the self-care model in Kiambu County, Kenya.
METHODOLOGY
The study was conducted from January to August 2021 at diabetic clinics of Thika Level 5 Hospital (TL5H) and Kiambu Level 5 Hospital (KL5H). The study employed a pre-test post-test non-equivalent quasi-experimental study design. There were 96 adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) obtained by stratified random sampling technique, and assigned into experimental (48 respondents) and control group (48 respondents). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was evaluated in the first and seventh months using a Short Form health survey (SF-12) questionnaire. A paired sample T-test and an Independent T-test were used to analyze data.
RESULTS
Paired sample T-test statistics revealed a significant difference in increasing HRQoL (p<0.05) before and after the intervention; Independent T-test discovered a significant difference in HRQoL (p<0.05) between the intervention and control group at post-intervention.
CONCLUSIONS
Education intervention based on a self-care model is an effective program that can improve HRQoL. In addition, the education intervention based on the self-care model needs to be implemented continuously to prevent diabetes-related complications and improve HRQoL for diabetic patients.
Prevalence, knowledge, and occupational risk factors for tuberculosis among health workers in Siaya County Hospitals, Kenya
Authors: Wambura Mary Juma , Onyango Patrick , Wandiga Steve , Onguru Daniel
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
TB is a known occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs), especially in countries with high TB burdens. It is estimated that HCWs have a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of developing TB compared with the general population. This study sought to determine the burden of TB among healthcare workers in hospitals in Siaya County and establish their knowledge of TB, and the associated occupational risk factors.
METHODOLOGY
This analytical cross-sectional study investigated the burden, knowledge and occupational risk factors for TB among HCWs in Siaya County, using a sample of 275 participants. Sputum samples were collected for TB testing using GeneXpert. Selfadministered structured questionnaires and observation checklists were used to collect data from the HCWs. Chi-square test of association and logistic regression were conducted to test for the presence and/or strength of association between participant characteristics, HCW knowledge of TB, and TB prevalence (α =0.05).
RESULTS
Among the 275 respondents, 18 (6.5%) reported a TB diagnosis within the past five years. Diagnostic tests used included Gene Xpert (69.2%), chest X-ray (19.3%), and smear microscopy (3.8%). Only 68 (24.7%) had received TB training, and 71 (25.8%) strongly disagreed that TB-related manuals were available at their health facilities. Health facilities that provided health talks and prioritized coughers for treatment were significantly associated with lower TB occurrence among health workers (χ2 = 11.125, p = 0.012). However, factors such as consistent N95 mask supply (χ2 = 7.505, p = 0.069), mask usage (χ2 = 6.335, p = 0.135), designated sputum collection areas (χ2 = 6.714, p = 0.116), functional IPC measures (χ2 = 7.796, p = 0.067), scheduled health talks (χ2 = 8.353, p = 0.052), and adequate lighting and ventilation (χ2 = 6.065, p = 0.144) were not significantly associated with TB incidence among health workers.
CONCLUSION
The unavailability of certain infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions is associated with the occupational risk of TB among healthcare workers. The Ministry of Health should enhance the dissemination of relevant TB manuals to update health care staff on IPC and availing N95 masks to all healthcare workers.
Perforated peptic ulcer disease in chronic nsaid use: case of a patient with long-standing dental infection
Authors: M.O Boamah , Kwesi Blankson , E Ametefe , B.D Appiah , D Afram , G.E. Parkins
Published: December 2024

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) account for the largest group of over-the-counter medicines used for self-medication, as dental infections account for one of the common symptoms that leads to self-medication in Africa. We report and discuss a patient who presented to our facility on account of perforated peptic ulcer disease and concomitant bilateral submandibular and submental abscesses from a chronic tooth infection. Medical history revealed long-standing use of NSAIDS as self-medication for the toothache.With the known role of NSAIDS in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease, the public should be educated on its potential complications and should NSAIDS be overly relied on rather than seeking appropriate oral care.
Management of a patient with ludwig’s angina and covid-19: a case report
Authors: Nimako-Boateng Joseph Kwesi , R.T. Yohuno , K.Y. Daketsey , E.K Appiah
Published: December 2024

Ludwig’s angina is a severe, potentially fatal cellulitis involving the bilaterally submandibular, sublingual, and submental soft tissue regions and is frequently caused by an odontogenic infection. Effective treatment is based on early recognition of the clinical process, employing appropriate parenteral antibiotics, securing the airway, and surgical drainage of the abscess. The COVID-19 outbreak presented a significant challenge of obscuring clinical indicators while further complicating routine management.Here, we report the case and management of a patient diagnosed with Ludwig’s angina, who tested positive for COVID-19. Appropriate evaluation and timely attention were required to minimize unfavourable outcomes.
Autotransplantation of mature maxillary incisors; a report of two cases
Authors: Obeng Ani Clement , E Appiah-Kubi , P.B Frimpong
Published: December 2024

Autotransplantation is the transplantation of embedded (in bone) or erupted teeth in the same individual, from one site to another, into extraction sites or surgically prepared sockets.The success of autotransplanted teeth depends on some key prognostic factors. These include the viability of the periodontal ligament(PDL), the stage of root formation, the extra-alveolar time for the donor tooth, and the patient’s age.We present two cases of autotransplantation involving ectopically positioned mature maxillary incisors, which have been followed up for two years and one and a half years for cases 1 and 2, respectively, without complications.It can be concluded that autotransplantation is a viable treatment option for missing or ectopically positioned teeth with satisfactory aesthetic and functional results.
Pharmacognostic standardisation and antioxidant activity of Cassia sieberiana DC. (Fabaceae)
Authors: Sonibare Mubo Adeola , Opone Caleb O. , Ogunlakin Akingbolabo Daniel , Akinmurele Opeyemi Josephine , Adebodun Samuel Abayomi
Published: December 2024

Secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can be used as dietary antioxidants, acting as free radical scavengers, radical chain reaction inhibitors, metal chelators, oxidative enzyme inhibitors and antioxidant enzyme cofactors. However, the major setback in promoting the use of medicinal plants is the lack of standardisation. This study aimed to set pharmacognostic standards and establish the antioxidant activity of Cassia sieberiana via in vitro method. Cassia sieberiana leaves methanol extract was partitioned into n-hexane, DCM, and ethyl acetate fractions. The macroscopic, microscopic and chemo-microscopic characters were assessed while antioxidant potential of the crude extract and partitioned fractions was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were evaluated using gallic acid and quercetin as standards. The transverse section showed presence of bundle sheath and the parenchyma cells. The adaxial and abaxial surfaces showed straight polygonal epidermal cells and presence of palisade cells. Also, the adaxial surface showed the presence of tector trichomes while the abaxial surface showed presence of glandular trichomes. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 71.42 ± 0.19 μg/mL), the highest total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) with 203.19 ± 0.03 mgQE/g and 25.10 ± 0.61 mg GAE/g, respectively. Standards have been set in this study for the identification and authentication of Cassia sieberiana, and the in vivo antioxidant activity of the plant supported the traditional use of the plant for managing different ailments, which may enhance the production of reactive oxygen in the body system.
Aluminium chloride-induced cerebral toxicity in Wistar rats: anticholinesterase and antioxidant effects of ascorbic acid
Authors: Ebhodaghe Clinton Iria , Enogieru Adaze Bijou
Published: December 2024

Numerous literature evidence suggests that aluminium is a toxic metal that induces direct damage to primary human neural cells, leading to genotoxic effects while promoting neurodegeneration in different regions of the brain. However, the use of exogenous antioxidants to counteract neurodegeneration has been widely reported. Ascorbic acid (AA), also known as Vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin reported to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Accordingly, this study investigated its protective activity against aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=8) and treated as follows: A (control); B (100 mg/kg bw AlCl3); C (100 mg/Kg bw AA + 100 mg/kg bw AlCl3); D (200 mg/Kg bw AA + 100 mg/kg bw AlCl3); E (100 mg/Kg bw AA); F (100 mg/Kg bw AA). The administration, via an oral gavage, lasted for 28 days. Thereafter, the weights, neurobehavioral, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, acetylcholinesterase and histological assessments were carried out. Findings showed significantly (p < 0.05) impaired weights, neurobehavioural, and antioxidant enzymes as well as elevated lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase in the AlCl3-exposed rats when compared to control. Also, the cerebral cortex of AlCl3-exposed rats displayed severe cytoplasmic vacuolations and degenerating cells, indicating cerebral dysfunction. However, pretreatment of AlCl3-exposed rats with AA significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated these adverse effects. Altogether, AA exerted neuroprotective effects against AlCl3-induced cerebral toxicity, possibly through its potent antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity.
Mercury chloride-induced hippocampal toxicity in Wistar rats: antioxidant activity of folic acid
Authors: Enogieru Adaze Bijou , Ezennia Martha Chinyere
Published: December 2024

Mercury chloride (HgCl2) is a well-known neurotoxicant with detrimental effects on the central nervous system, particularly the hippocampus, a region crucial for learning and memory processes. Folic acid (FA), also known as the synthetic form of vitamin B9, plays a crucial role in various bodily functions. Accordingly, this study investigated the possible neuroprotective activity of FA against HgCl2-induced hippocampal toxicity in Wistar rats. Forty-eight Wistar rats were assigned into six groups (n=8) with the following treatment regimen for 28 days: A (control); B (4 mg/kg bw HgCl2); C (5 mg/Kg bw FA + 4 mg/kg bw HgCl2); D (10 mg/kg bw FA + 4 mg/kg bw HgCl2); E (5 mg/kg bw FA); F (10 mg/kg bw FA). After treatment, neurobehavioral, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, mercury concentration, and histological assessments were done. Results showed significantly (p < 0.05) impaired cognition and antioxidants, as well as elevated lipid peroxidation and mercury concentration in the HgCl2-treated rats when compared to the control. In addition, the hippocampus of HgCl2-treated rats exhibited severe atrophy and vacuolated pyramidal cells and astrocytes, signifying hippocampal dysfunction. However, pretreatment of HgCl2-treated rats with FA significantly (p < 0.05) mitigated these neurobehavioural, biochemical, and histological alterations. Taken together, the neuroprotective activity of FA against HgCl2-induced hippocampal toxicity is mediated, possibly through its antioxidant and metal-chelation effects.
Modulation of MSH2 gene expression and DNA global methylation in diethyl-nitrosamine induced hepatic fibrosis mouse model by cisplatin- anthocyanins combination
Authors: Ghazala Rasha AbdelMawla , Anwar Eman Ibrahim , Nassar Seham Zakaria , ElAziz Mohamed Abd , Hussein Ezzeldin Ahmed , Issa Yasmine Amr
Published: December 2024

Novel therapeutic approaches targeting the molecular pathways of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development are highly demanded. We aimed at studying the effect of cisplatin alone and combined with cranberry extract on global DNA methylation and the MSH2 gene expression in diethyl-nitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatic fibrosis model, as a landmark in HCC development pathway in mice. Forty male albino mice were divided into 2 groups: Group I (n=10): control, Group II (n=30): mice were injected intraperitoneal with DEN and sub-classified into 3 equal groups; IIa: untreated, IIb: intraperitoneal cisplatin, IIc: intraperitoneal cisplatin + oral cranberry-derived anthocyanin. Histopathological examination of liver, assessment of global DNA methylation and MSH2 gene expression were done. MSH2 gene expression was significantly decreased in DEN-group as compared to the control group, but significantly increased by cisplatin alone and furthermore when anthocyanin was added (p<0.001). Global DNA methylation significantly increased in DEN-group, significant decrease in cisplatin-group and further decrease when anthocyanin was added (p<0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between global DNA methylation and MSH2 gene expression among all the studied groups (p<0.001). Histopathological examination showed improvement of liver fibrosis when anthocyanin was added to cisplatin. Improvement of histopathological findings of DEN-induced hepatic fibrosis by cranberry-derived anthocyanins was associated with global DNA hypomethylation and increased MSH2 expression. Further studies are warranted to confirm the applicability of adding anthocyanins to liver fibrosis and HCC treatment regimen.
In vitro-in vivo correlation(IVIVC) study for ibuprofen liquisolid tablet using a convolution-based modeling approach.
Authors: Ajeh J. Isaac , Ekere E. Kokonne , Abdullahi Rashida , Tijjani M. Fatima , Olayemi Olubunmi J.
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to develop an in vitro-in vivo procedure for ibuprofen liquisolid tablet and evaluate its predictability via in vivo outcome of a bioequivalence study. By varying the excipient ratio (R), we prepared different batches of ibuprofen liquisolid (LS) tablets and subjected them to pre and post compression studies to select the optimized formulation, after which we compared and investigated the predicted plasma concentration-time profiles of ibuprofen prototype drug from in vitro dissolution results using mathematical convolution approach for In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) study. Compatibility studies using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) returned no major interactions between the drug and excipients. All formulations demonstrated acceptable flow properties. Tablet weight variations were insignificant, while assay and friability testing were within compendial specifications. Formulation F16 was nearest to the reference brand (Nurofen tablet® ; Reckitt Benckiser, UK) at every dissolution sampling time hence it was chosen as the optimal formula. Area Under the Curve (AUC) percentage predicted errors were similar for both the test and reference product, while their peak plasma concentration (Cmax) deviates by +6.73 and -1.77 percent from the authentic reference values derived from the literature. The percentage of predicted errors achieved revealed the convolution technique as a proficient procedure for predicting plasma drug levels of ibuprofen LS.
The potential effect of irisin in endotoxemia induced cardiac injury in mouse model: role of AMPK
Authors: Kadhum Mosa Alaa , Majeed Sahar A. , Ghafil Fadhaa Abdulameer , Hassan Ekhlas Sabah , Naem Alaa abd  Al-Hussain , Mardan Haider W.
Published: December 2024

Polymicrobial sepsis is a life-threatening situation characterized by multiorgan dysfunction resulting from the body's abnormal response to microbial invasion. The assessment of irisin cardio protective potential against experimentally sepsis-caused endotoxic cardiac damage in mice was the aim of research. 24 Mice were enrolled in separated four groups (n = 6): Sham group, CLP group, ddH2O group, Irisin-treated group 10μg/kg IP, 1hr before CLP. 24 hr later, all mice were sacrificed and a cardiac sample was taken for measurement of TNF-α, MPO, caspase-11, F2 – isoprostane and serum troponin by ELISA and gene expression of AMPK by qpcr and histopathological study. Results: irisin treated group showed significant changes as compared with CLP group regarding TNF-α, MPO, CASPASE-11, F2 – ISOPROSTANE and (Ctn-I) as well as affect tissue mRNA expression of AMPK gene (p<0.05). We conclude that Irisin has cardio protective effects attributable to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative action. Also, Irisin showed a cardio-protective effect as they affect tissue mRNA expression of AMPK gene.
Molecular docking and ADMET profiling of Carbazole-rhodanine hybrid as anticancer agent
Authors: Erazua Ehimen A. , Olaseinde Ayodeji A. , Oyebamiji Abel K. , Oluwakemi Ebenezer , Adekunle David , Olanrewaju Adesoji A. , Akinola Omowumi T. , Afolabi Samson O.
Published: December 2024

Drug resistance and lack of specificity of currently available chemotherapeutics for cancer cells contribute to the failure of cancer chemotherapy. This highlights the pressing need to develop novel anticancer agents. This research aims to investigate the inhibiting potential of Carbazole and rhodanine derivatives against Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Breakpoint Cluster Region (BCR), with Abelson murine leukemia (ABL) tyrosine kinase to manage human cervical cancer and human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), respectively. Some carbazole-rhodanine hybrids were evaluated in silico against human cervical cancer (Hela) and human CML (K562) cells. In this study, Molecular docking was used to determine binding affinity, bonding, and nonbonding interaction between the studied compounds and the target. Additionally, in-silico ADMET (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) screening was performed to explore the bioavailability, pharmacokinetic properties, and toxicity of the carbazole-rhodanine hybrids. The structure of the compounds was also discussed relative to their bioactivity. The molecular docking revealed that the test compounds except D, E, and L demonstrated better binding affinity, hence better inhibition efficiency towards Hela and K562 cell lines than the reference drug (etoposide). Compound G with a cyano substituent showed the highest binding affinity with the two receptors used, with a binding energy of -7.9 kcal mol-1 against hela (6HKS) and -10.0 against K562 (5HU9). This was in accordance with the experimental result. The SAR illustrated that a strong electron-withdrawing substituent attached to the para-position of the phenyl ring increased the activity. The ADMET profiling showed that compounds E, G, and J had superior drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity properties. Based on the results, compound G may be a good candidate to be developed further into a therapeutic agent to treat chronic myeloid leukemia and cervical cancer.
Wykorzystanie danych z Geoportalu Krajowego w programie PC-Crash
Authors: Kwieciński Karol
Published: December 2024

W artykule opisano możliwości wykorzystania danych udostępnianych przez Geoportal Krajowy. Skupiono się na pokazaniu, jak wyszukiwać i pobierać dane, takie jak ortofotomapa i numeryczny model terenu. Przedstawiono również przykład wprowadzenia danych z geoportalu do programu PC-Crash.
The Role of Italy and UNIDROIT in the Drafting of the First Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention
Authors: Giardini Giuditta
Published: December 2024

This article explores the development of the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its First Protocol, key tools for safeguarding cultural objects during wartime. It begins with a historical overview of early 20th-century legal frameworks, focusing on regulations for the transfer and restitution of cultural objects during conflicts. The study delves into the preparatory work for the Convention, highlighting the significant contributions of the Italian delegation and the involvement of UNIDROIT, particularly concerning the study of private international law issues related to good faith acquisitions of cultural objects. The article reveals the extensive yet underappreciated efforts of the Italian delegation, led by the President and Secretary General of UNIDROIT, in shaping the Convention and influencing the protection of cultural objects in the past century. The discussion extends to the aftermath of the 1954 Hague Convention, examining how unresolved issues were later addressed by the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects.
Deus ex machina? NFT Technology as a Means of Preservation for Endangered Cultural Heritage
Authors: Casillo Valeria
Published: December 2024

This article discusses NFT technology in the context of cultural heritage protection in armed conflicts, addressing both the benefits and challenges that come with their use. In view of the recent example set by the Kharkiv Art Museum, a cultural institution that has digitized 15 artworks to be sold in an auction and whose incomes will contribute to the preservation of national cultural heritage, the present study will delve into both the legal and ethical aspects underlying what is known as NFTs, shedding light on their possible protection under the existing cultural heritage framework. To this end, the provisions enshrined in the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its Protocols will be examined.
Ekoterroryzm w dwóch odsłonach – medialny wizerunek akcji Just Stop Oil i Riposte Alimentaire w Polsce i Niemczech
Authors: Całek Agnieszka , Szymańska Agnieszka , Walecka-Rynduch Agnieszka
Published: December 2024

Polityka ekologiczna jest od lat 70. XX wieku kategorią obecną w dyskursie zarówno politycznym, jak i medialnym. Autorki artykułu zwracają uwagę na przykładzie Polski i Niemiec, że zainteresowanie ekologią i ochroną środowiska jest w Europie zróżnicowane. Wyniki ich badań ujawniają asynchroniczność i asymetryczność procesów instytucjonalizacji i medialnego sposobu prezentacji idei ekologii. Badanie dyskursu medialnego w Polsce i Niemczech objęło analizę wizerunku dwóch wydarzeń, tj. akcji Just Stop Oil z 14 października 2022 roku oraz Riposte Alimentaire z 28 stycznia 2024 roku.
Modelo integrado de gestión de riesgos para reducir sobrecostos y retrasos en proyectos de construcción pública en Perú
Authors: Sánchez Soto Rubén Gómez
Published: December 2024

This study proposes an integrated risk management model to address cost overruns and delays in public
construction projects in Peru. Data from 204 construction professionals were analyzed through surveys and
statistical analysis. The results revealed that the effective implementation of risk management practices has
a significant correlation (r=0.789, p<0.05) with the reduction of poor practices in time and costs. The
proposed model integrates four key dimensions: construction, operational, financial and political risks.
Construction risk management was found to have the highest impact (r=0.701), followed by operational
(r=0.675), financial (r=0.612) and political (r=0.592) risks. The study proposes specific strategies for each
dimension and recommends the incorporation of the model into public policies for contracting and
execution of works.
Vertrauen in Roboter
Authors: De Snaijer Janneke
Published: December 2024

Diese Dissertation widmet sich den Voraussetzungen der Anwendbarkeit des Vertrauensgrundsatzes auf Mensch-Roboter Interaktionen anhand der Beispiele Chirurgie und Strassenverkehr. Bei Anwendung auf Mensch-Roboter Interaktionen dürften Menschen – unter bestimmten Umständen – auf ein korrektes Funktionieren des Roboters vertrauen. Eine solche Abgrenzung von Verantwortungsbereichen würde die Konkretisierung der Sorgfaltspflichten auch bei eigenständigeren Robotern vereinfachen und dem Nutzer jeweils Rechtssicherheit bieten.
“A thief may steal a thing, but that does not give him ownership of it”: Fragments from the diary of the Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the UN about the diplomatic confrontation with Russian aggression in 2014 (part 1)
Authors: Sergeyev Yuriy
Published: December 2024

From May 2007, when I assumed the position of Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the UN, until February 2014, I saw and understood a lot about the ambitions and real capabilities of the organisation. That the decisions of the main UN body – the General Assembly – are not mandatory, that the UN Security Council (UNSC), whose decisions are imperative, has actually become a field of geopolitical games for its five permanent members, who are unable to either prevent global crises or stop conflicts. Nevertheless, I also realised that the UN can be an important platform at least to be heard and thereby ensure the moral and political support of the delegations of UN member states and their governments...
Proyecto y temporalidad : Un análisis del método en diseño, entre la supervivencia y/o la utopía
Authors: Juárez Latimer-Knowles Nicolás
Published: December 2024

Este artículo analiza casos que aúnan distintas disciplinas del diseño y su pedagogía con el fin de identificar las diferentes concepciones del tiempo que integran y discernir cómo estas impregnan o condicionan los modos de proceder y proyectar, en definitiva, los modos de hacer mundo.
Los métodos en diseño tratan de guiar y evitar que los proyectos se desvíen de las trayectorias previstas, estableciendo etapas, fases y timelines que garanticen su resolución. El dominio del tiempo es hoy troncal en la maleta de competencias en la práctica y la docencia del diseño. Así lo llevan constatando numerosas figuras desde los años 1960 como Mari, Munari, Maldonado, Papanek, Fuller, o los Eames, cuyas reflexiones sobre la agencia del diseño resuenan en la actualidad. Se considera oportuno recuperar el aliento de sus enseñanzas y los debates que hoy suscitan con el fin de contrastar los tiempos hegemónicos y pautados que monopolizan los métodos en diseño a través de otras concepciones posibles ajenas a la inmediatez del mercado.
Las dinámicas productivas de la industria conllevan una temporalidad que dificulta la percepción o creación de modelos no lineales que a menudo se revelan más fértiles, pero en escalas y con objetivos diferentes. Estos modelos, si atendemos a sus principales practicantes y referentes, también en el ámbito docente como es el caso de las escuelas de arte y diseño alemanas y americanas de preguerra y posguerra, destilan una tradición incómoda con la cronología y con el tiempo productivo orientado hacia el mercado de masas. En este estudio se analizan diversas fuentes, herencias e inercias de esa perturbación creada en el proceso de diseño por una determinada concepción del tiempo en una disciplina fuertemente impregnada de un sentido de anticipación que reiteradamente evade o disloca otras temporalidades.
VERB CHARACTERISTICS IN MONTENEGRIN LANGUAGE OF THE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY (COMPARED TO THE STATE OF PLAY IN CONTEMPORARY MONTENEGRIN LANGUAGE)
Authors:   Fakultet za crnogorski jezik i književnost ‒ Cetinje, ABOVIĆ Miomir
Published: December 2024

In this paper the author deals with certain differences and similarities in the use of certain cases in the Montenegrin language of the nineteenth and early twentieth century compared to the contemporary Montenegrin language use. These differences and similarities concern the use of locative / instrumental case with one group of verbs, and, on the other hand, instrumental case with preposition sa with other group of verbs. The author attempts to identify the manner in which these differences have occurred. The material for analysis was taken from the corpus consisting of the Montenegrin texts of the nineteen-th and early twentieth century of different functional styles.
(SECONDARY) PHONOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF GERMANISMS IN LOCAL SPEECH PATTERN OF SKOKOVI
Authors:   Pedagoški fakutet Univerziteta u Bihaću, DOLIĆ Belkisa
Published: December 2024

Numerous Germanisms are used in Bosnian language in several different forms or variants, one of which is normally part of the standard language, whereas the others are considered colloquial. The phonological variants of Germanisms (and borrowings in general) arise as a result of various sound changes they are exposed to in order to receive traits of the receiving language system and its subsystems. This paper places an emphasis on the variants of Germanisms present among the Bosnian language speakers in the area of Cazinska Krajina, using the example of one of its dialectological areas – a representative local speech pattern of the region. As such, the paper describes close contact of (at least) three linguistic disciplines: phonology, contact linguistics and dialectology.
ROLE OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN THE PROCESS OF BRANDING AND SHAPING A CITY IMAGE
Authors:   Akademija za umjetnost i kulturu u Osijeku, BORIĆ-CVENIĆ Marta , MESIĆ Hrvoje
Published: December 2024

An approach to city analysis as such involves exploring cultural, symbolic and historical influence it has on its inhabitants. Culture, being a key component of urban development strategy, is connected to identity and capital, contributing to environmental sustainability, diversity, cultural dialogue, and social cohesion. By observing such connections cities become aware of the fact that it is culture and creative industries that distinguish them from other cities and enhance the quality of life. In this context, the present paper will provide a critical analysis of different models of city production and socio-humanistic concepts that help shape the city, such as urban and cultural geography, restoration economy and city anthropology. Moreover, branding will also be discussed as an essential concept in the process of creating a con-temporary city image. Theoretical interpretation of the role played by creative industries in creating a city brand will also be presented. Finally, the paper will argue that culture, creative industries and branding are integral elements of urban development, planning, and creating a current city image.
CONCEPTUAL FRAME AND ROLE OF INFORMAL EDUCATION IN THE TEACHING PROCESS
Authors:   Centar za obuku i obrazovanje – Podgorica, KOVAČEVIĆ Sava
Published: December 2024

Informal education in the teaching process in Montenegro is very popular, due to increasing understanding that the process of lifelong learning is impossible without a combination of formal and informal education. The author of this paper explains the importance of different models and methods of informal education, pointing to the need to incorporate it into a formal education system with a view to continuous knowledge acquisition. Special emphasis is placed on the past use of informal education in our country, in terms of participation, engagement and contribution of international organizations in this regard. Finally, the author’s intention is to point to the important role of all these organizations and the need to provide for their joint activities to achieve good results in the field of permanent learning and improvement, producing competent and competitive individuals.
TOPONYMS IN VUČI DO
Authors:   Fakultet za crnogorski jezik i književnost ‒ Cetinje, VUJOVIĆ Novica
Published: December 2024

Village Vuči Do is located in western Montenegro. The present paper provides a list of toponyms recorded on the basis of native population testimonies. The speech pattern of the region belongs to North-Western Montenegrin Speech Patterns.
VERTICAL AXIS OF LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION
Authors:   Filološki fakultet – Nikšić, POPOVIĆ Dušanka
Published: December 2024

This paper considers the conditions for adopting and developing language as a human phenomenon in the period from pre-school until the end of the elementary school. Starting with the existing theories about the adoption of the language and its development, our endeavor was to determine, through an analysis of factors contributing to successful learning and teaching, whether there are realistic possibilities of attaining the considerable competence of students in this area during institutional education. With this aim, we considered educational programs in pre-school institutions, the subject curricula designed for language and literature instruction in primary school, as well as the teaching and the environment in which it is taking place, and partially also the context, or the environment from which students come. By channeling the facts resulted from the analysis into conclusions, we have shown that, by carefully linking the planned educational outcomes and activities in the educational vertical, from the educative areas in pre-school to mother tongue instruction in primary school, it is possible to provide for the sound development of this cultural and social phenomenon and performing of its artistic and non-artistic use. By this we actualized already well-known, but in practice strangely neglected truth, that one educational level supports the other, creating in the vertical axis the possibility for children to become effective users of their own native language, not to obtain the best mark, but so that this competence could empower them to cope and manage easily in all life situations and all life areas.
THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN ITALIAN GRAMMAR BOOKS FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNERS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF VERBAL FORMS
Authors:   Università di Breslavia, SŁAPEK Daniel
Published: December 2024

The Italian subjunctive (congiuntivo) is a widely studied morphological category, both in the field of Italian linguistics (L1) and in didactics of Italian as a foreign language (L2). However, researchers so far have focused mainly on the (in)correct use of this verbal mode or on its alleged “death” or “vitality” in some communicative contexts. From a didactic point of view, it is interesting to analyze also how the inflexion of the congiuntivo is presented in Italian gram-mar books for foreign language learners, as this verbal mode can present different problems to learners, especially as regards the so-called irregular verbs. In this article, I attempt to carry out a critical analysis of the presentation of the conjugation of the Italian congiuntivo presente and congiuntivo imperfetto as well as propose a didactic solution for the introduction of these inflected forms.