bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of static balance exercise combined with different levels of blood flow restriction on motor performance fatigue as well as physiological and perceptual responses in young healthy males and females
Authors: Bielitzki Robert , Behrendt Tom , Weinreich Andy , Mittlmeier Thomas , Schega Lutz , Behrens Martin
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study investigated the acute effects of a static balance exercise combined with different blood flow restriction (BFR) pressures on motor performance fatigue development and recovery as well as physiological and perceptual responses during exercise in males and females.

Methods

Twenty-four recreational active males (n = 13) and females (n = 11) performed static balance exercise on a BOSU ball (3 sets of 60 s with 30 s rest in-between) on three separate (> 3 days) laboratory visits with three different BFR pressures (80% arterial occlusion pressure [AOP], 40%AOP, 30 mmHg [SHAM]) in random order. During exercise, activity of various leg muscles, vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation, and ratings of effort and pain perception were recorded. Maximal squat jump height was measured before, immediately after, 1, 2, 4, and 8 min after exercise to quantify motor performance fatigue development and recovery.

Results

Quadriceps muscle activity as well as ratings of effort and pain were highest, while muscle oxygenation was lowest in the 80%AOP compared to the 40%AOP and SHAM condition, with no differences in postural sway between conditions. Squat jump height declined after exercise with the highest reduction in the 80%AOP (− 16.4 ± 5.2%) followed by the 40%AOP (− 9.1 ± 3.2%), and SHAM condition (− 5.4 ± 3.3%). Motor performance fatigue was not different after 1 min and 2 min of recovery in 40% AOP and 80% AOP compared to SHAM, respectively.

Conclusion

Static balance exercise combined with a high BFR pressure induced the largest changes in physiological and perceptual responses, without affecting balance performance. Although motor performance fatigue was increased by BFR, it may not lead to long-term impairments in maximal performance.
A practical nomogram and risk stratification system for predicting survival outcomes in neuroblastoma patients: a SEER population-based study
Authors: Zhuo Xiaoyu , Xia Liangfeng , Tang Wenjing , He Wenqi
Published: July 2023

Background

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood malignancy with marked heterogeneity, resulting in highly variable outcomes among patients. This study aims to establish a novel nomogram and risk stratification system to predict the overall survival (OS) for patients with NB.

Methods

We analyzed neuroblastoma patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2015. The nomogram was constructed using independent risk factors for OS, identified through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The accuracy of this nomogram was evaluated with the concordance index, receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. In addition, we developed a risk stratification system based on the total score of each patient in the nomogram.

Results

A total of 2185 patients were randomly assigned to the training group and the testing group. Six risk factors, including age, chemotherapy, brain metastases, primary site, tumor stage, and tumor size, were identified in the training group. Using these factors, a nomogram was constructed to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS of NB patients. This model exhibited superior accuracy in the training and testing groups, exceeding traditional tumor stage prediction. Subgroup analysis suggested worse prognosis for retroperitoneal origin in the intermediate-risk group and adrenal gland origin in the high-risk group compared to other sites. Additionally, the prognosis for high-risk patients significantly improved after surgery. We also developed a web application to make the nomogram more user-friendly in clinical practices.

Conclusion

This nomogram demonstrates excellent accuracy and reliability, offering more precise personalized prognostic predictions to clinical patients.
Cubic Sublattices
Authors: Horváth Márton
Published: July 2023

A sublattice of the three-dimensional integer lattice $${\mathbb {Z}}^3$$

Z

3

is called cubic sublattice if there exists a basis of the sublattice whose elements are pairwise orthogonal and of equal lengths. We show that for an integer vector $${\textbf{v}}\in {\mathbb {Z}}^3$$

v
∈

Z

3

whose squared length is divisible by $$d^2$$

d
2

, there exists a cubic sublattice containing $${\textbf{v}}$$
v
with edge length d. This improves one of the main result of a paper of Goswick et al. (J. Number Theory 132(1), 37–53 (2012)), where similar theorem was proved by using the decomposition theory of Hurwitz integral quaternions. We give an elementary proof heavily using cross product. This method allows us to characterize the cubic sublattices.
Comparative analysis of 5-year efficacy and outcomes of single anastomosis procedures as revisional surgery for weight regain following sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Salama Asaad F. , Baazaoui Jawher , Shahid Fakhar , Singh Rajvir , Torres Antonio J. , Bashah Moataz M.
Published: July 2023

Background

It is imperative to assess the results of revisional procedures following Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), given the substantially growing population of patients who experience weight regain within a few years after undergoing this procedure.

Objective

Examine the comparative effectiveness of the Single Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass (SADI-S) and the One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB-MGB) as revisional procedures, with respect to their impact on weight loss, resolution of comorbidities, incidence of complications, and rates of reoperation in patients who had weight regain after SG with up to or more than 5 years of follow-up.

Setting

Hamad General Hospital, Academic tertiary referral center, Qatar.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed a database of patients who underwent the Single Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Switch (SADI-S) or the One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass - Mini Gastric Bypass- (OAGB-MGB) as revisional procedures for weight recidivism after a primary Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG). The follow-up period was at least 5 years, during which the impact of both procedures on weight loss, comorbidities, nutritional deficiencies, complications, and outcomes were compared.

Results

The study comprised 91 patients, with 42 and 49 in the SADI-S and OAGB-MGB groups, respectively. Significant weight loss (measured by total weight loss percentage, TWL%) was observed at the 5-year follow-up for the SADI-S group compared to the OAGB-MGB group (30.0 ± 18.4 vs. 19.4 ± 16.3, p = 0.008). Remission of comorbidities, specifically diabetes mellitus and hypertension, was more prevalent in the SADI-S group. Notably, the OAGB-MGB group had a higher incidence of complications (28.6% vs. 21.42%) and reoperations (5 patients vs. 1 in the SADI-S group). No mortality events were reported in either group.

Conclusion

While both the OAGB-MGB and SADI-S have demonstrated efficacy as revisional procedures for weight regain following SG, the SADI-S exhibits superior outcomes compared to the OAGB-MGB with regard to weight loss, resolution of comorbidities, complication rates, and reoperation rates.
Combined use of stannous fluoride-containing mouth rinse and toothpaste prevents enamel erosion in vitro
Authors: Jiemkim Apichaya , Tharapiwattananon Thipawan , Songsiripradubboon Siriporn
Published: July 2023

Objective

To compare the protective effect of commercial stannous-containing mouth rinses on enamel erosion in a simulated 5-day in vitro cycling model.

Materials and methods

81 human enamel specimens were embedded in resin blocks and divided into nine groups as follows; group 1: stannous fluoride (1000SnF2) toothpaste; groups 2,3, and 4 were the same as group 1 plus Elmex®, PerioMed™, and Meridol®, respectively, group 5: stannous fluoride (1450SnF2) toothpaste, groups 6, 7, and 8 were the same as group 5 plus Elmex®, PerioMed™, and Meridol®, respectively, group 9: negative control. An erosive challenge was induced with a 1 min hydrochloric acid (0.01 M, pH 2.2) treatment 3 times per day. Each cycle included immersing in the toothpaste slurry twice for two minutes and a one-minute rinse. The enamel slabs were immersed in artificial saliva between each erosive cycle and incubated overnight at 37 °C. Surface hardness loss and enamel loss were determined by Knoop surface hardness and non-contact profilometry, respectively. Finally, enamel surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS).

Results

All three mouth rinses had similar protective effects against erosion when using adjunct with 1000 SnF2toothpaste (p > 0.05). With 1450 SnF2toothpaste, Elmex® presented significantly lower surface hardness loss than Meridol® (p < 0.05). The combined use of Elmex® or PerioMed™ with toothpaste provided significantly better erosion protection than toothpaste alone, either 1000 or 1450 SnF2. In addition, 1000SnF2toothpaste adjunct with mouth rinse is comparable to 1450 SnF2toothpaste alone in preventing enamel erosion.

Conclusion

All three mouth rinses reduced enamel erosion. The additional use of a high concentration stannous containing mouth rinse with 1450 SnF2toothpaste increases the protective effect against enamel erosion in vitro.

Clinical significance

To date, no standard protocol for preventing dental erosion is available. There are three stannous-containing mouth rinses on the market; however, no study compared their efficacy or indicated whether using adjuncts with anti-erosion toothpaste provides additional benefits. This study found that adding stannous mouth rinse to twice-daily toothpaste increases erosion protection.
VAST: a practical validation framework for e-assessment solutions
Authors: van Haastrecht Max , Brinkhuis Matthieu , Wools Saskia , Spruit Marco
Published: July 2023

The influx of technology in education has made it increasingly difficult to assess the validity of educational assessments. The field of information systems often ignores the social dimension during validation, whereas educational research neglects the technical dimensions of designed instruments. The inseparability of social and technical elements forms the bedrock of socio-technical systems. Therefore, the current lack of validation approaches that address both dimensions is a significant gap. We address this gap by introducing VAST: a validation framework for e-assessment solutions. Examples of such solutions are technology-enhanced learning systems and e-health applications. Using multi-grounded action research as our methodology, we investigate how we can synthesise existing knowledge from information systems and educational measurement to construct our validation framework. We develop an extensive user guideline complementing our framework and find through expert interviews that VAST facilitates a comprehensive, practical approach to validating e-assessment solutions.
Factors Influencing Conventional Hazelnut Farmers to Transition to Organic Production: The Case of Türkiye
Authors: Meral Hüseyin , Millan Elena
Published: July 2023

This study examined the willingness of conventional hazelnut farmers to transition to organic hazelnut production and identified key factors for stimulating such a shift. Face-to-face interviews based on a structured questionnaire were conducted with Turkish farmers who use conventional methods of hazelnut production. A total of 120 interviews were conducted and subjected to data analysis. Logit analysis revealed that the farmers’ decision to transition to organic farming is significantly influenced by several demographic factors (including farmer’s experience, available family labour, available land for organic farming and sufficiency of tools and equipment) and attitudinal predispositions (holding a positive attitude towards organic agriculture). Findings suggest the need for policy actions to support a more willing acceptance of organic farming practices among conventional hazelnut growers, with anticipated positive effects on both the environment and consumer demand.
A four-echelon supply chain inventory model for growing items with imperfect quality and errors in quality inspection
Authors: Sebatjane Makoena , Adetunji Olufemi
Published: July 2023

To safeguard the livelihood of consumers, food producers are required, either by law or regulatory bodies, to inspect their products for quality before selling the products to consumers. This is because food processing, as is the case with most production systems, is not perfect and there is a possibility that some of the processed products do not meet the required quality standard. Likewise, the inspection process is seldom perfect, meaning that it is subject to errors and thus, some of the processed products might be incorrectly classified. In light of this, an inventory model for a four-echelon food processing supply chain is developed. The supply chain has a farming echelon where live items are grown with the possibility that some of them might not survive; a processing echelon where the live items are transformed into processed inventory; an inspection echelon where the processed inventory is classified into good and poorer quality classes under the assumption that the inspection process is subject to type I and type II errors; and a retail echelon where the processed inventory of good quality is sold to consumers. The supply chain is modelled as a profit maximisation problem and a solution procedure for solving the model is proposed. The problem is studied under both centralised and decentralised supply chain structures and from the analysis, the centralised supply chain with a profit-sharing agreement performs better in terms of profit maximisation.
Dynamics of granular debris flows against slit dams based on the CFD–DEM method: effect of grain size distribution and ambient environments
Authors: Mao Wuwei , Wang Yuhan , Yang Ping , Huang Yu , Zheng Hu
Published: July 2023

Earth surface flows in nature, like debris flows and rock avalanches, have threatened people’s safety and infrastructure during past decades. Though grain size distribution (GSD) has been acknowledged as a crucial characteristic in granular material behaviour, its coupled effects associated with environments on engineering structures such as the slit dam remain unclear. To bridge the gap, this paper reveals the coupled effect of the GSD and ambient environments (i.e. slope angles and saturation conditions) on avalanche/debris flows’ impact on the slit dam using a Computational Fluid Dynamics/Discrete Element Method (CFD–DEM) model. To describe strain-dependent rheological characteristics of debris fluids, the Herschel–Bulkley–Papanastasiou model is implemented in the finite volume method framework. A power grain size distribution law is considered to quantify GSDs, in which a fractal parameter takes charge of GSD types. After model verification with experimental/theoretical results, the impact force against slit dams, granular dynamics and final deposit patterns under a series of ambient circumstances are presented. Taking advantage of the CFD–DEM method, the impact force and kinetic energy induced by fluid and solid phases are discriminated. The contribution of solid and fluid phases to both impact force and dynamics appears to be dependent on GSDs. Accordingly, compared with saturated avalanche flows (i.e. debris flows), slit dams result in higher retaining efficiency when confronted with dry avalanche flows. Regarding a narrow diameter range used in analyses, the grain diameter ratio is then enlarged up to eight to reveal the potential size effect. As for the coupled role of GSDs and slope angles, in contrast to slope angles, the influence of GSD on avalanche flow interaction with slit dams is much smaller. Additionally, provided a narrow diameter range, the effect of GSDs on impact force can be partially attributed to the change in average grain diameter. After presenting the significance of ambience and GSDs to avalanche/debris flows, a series of parametric studies around the effect of fluid grid size, particle shape and the initial porosity of granular samples are discussed, aiming to advance the understanding of their influence in the interactions between debris flows and the slit dam.
Crack mode-changing stress level in porous rocks under polyaxial stress conditions
Authors: Mutaz E. , Serati M. , Williams D. J.
Published: July 2023

As the global push towards clean energy intensifies, the demand for critical minerals has driven deep excavation in hard rock formations, posing significant challenges related to rockburst and spalling. Spalling refers to explosion-like rock fractures under high geo-stresses. Despite several successful studies and practical models, the mechanisms governing spalling propagation under polyaxial stress states remain inadequately understood, particularly in weaker and high-porosity rocks. This study introduces a novel Crack Mode-Changing Stress (CMCS) concept, which defines the minimum principal stress required to change the crack mode from shear to tensile failures when rock spalls. The concept was validated using cubed sandstone samples containing centric circular holes subjected to a range of loading conditions including uniaxial, biaxial, generalized triaxial compression, generalized triaxial tensile, and true triaxial loading stress states. Our results highlight the significance of the out-of-plane minor principal stress on the crack initiation threshold and the CMCS, emphasizing the need for careful consideration when designing openings in highly stressed environments.
Acupuncture for Low Back Pain: Reevaluation of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses
Authors: Yan Wen-xi , Lin Hui-ze , Wang Xiang , Zhang Wei , Liu Lan-ping , Yu Jin-na , Yang Tao
Published: July 2023

Purpose of Review

This overview aims to reevaluate the methodological quality, report quality, and evidence quality of systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses (MAs) of acupuncture for low back pain to determine whether acupuncture effectively treats low back pain (LBP).

Recent Findings

Twenty-three SRs/MAs were deemed eligible for the present overview. The AMSTAR 2 score showed that the methodological quality of one SR/MA was of medium quality, one was of low quality, and 21 were of critically low quality. Based on the results of the PRISMA evaluation, there are certain areas for improvement in the quality of reporting of SRs/MAs. There were some reporting flaws in the topic of search strategy (8/23, 34.78%), certainty assessment (4/23, 17.39%), the certainty of evidence (4/23, 17.39%), registration and protocol (3/23, 13.04%), and availability of data, code, and other material (1/23, 4.35%). Results from the GRADE evaluation indicated that 13 of 255 outcomes were rated as moderate, 88 were low, and 154 were very low.

Acupuncture effectively treated LBP in the SRs/MAs included in the reevaluation. However, the methodological, report, and evidence-based quality of the SRs/MAs on acupuncture for LBP was low. Therefore, further rigorous and comprehensive studies are warranted to improve the quality of SRs/MAs in this field.
Solution Sets for Young Differential Inclusions
Authors: Michta Mariusz , Motyl Jerzy
Published: July 2023

The paper deals with some properties of solutions of differential inclusions driven by set-valued integrals of a Young type. The existence of solutions, boundedness, closedness of the set of solutions and continuous dependence type results are considered. These inclusions contain as a particular case set-valued stochastic inclusions with respect to a fractional Brownian motion (fBm), and therefore, their properties are crucial for investigation the properties of solutions of fBm stochastic differential inclusions.
Absence of evidence or evidence of absence? The microarchaeology of an ‘empty’ square enclosure of the Late Iron Age La Tène Culture
Authors: Cereda Susanna , Mayrhofer Maria , Saliari Konstantina , Zerobin Bianca , Trebsche Peter
Published: July 2023

Archaeological features without macro-finds (i.e. finds visible with the naked eye) represent a common phenomenon that poses considerable methodological problems in interpretation. To tackle these problems, we present an approach based on integrating micro-archaeological methods and macro-observations to help elucidate ‘invisible’ activities or at least to exclude certain others. Specifically, we combine micromorphological and micro-debris analyses with the scarce macro-finds and their fragmentation degree to clarify whether the lack of evidence for certain activities really reflects their absence or merely bad preservation conditions. This study focuses on a Late Iron Age ‘empty’ enclosure excavated in the settlement site of Haselbach, Lower Austria. ‘Empty’ square enclosures of the La Tène Culture have been controversially interpreted as either sanctuaries, domestic buildings or burial enclosures, although these interpretations were rarely supported by any material evidence. Using a multi-proxy approach enables us to reconstruct the formation processes of the Haselbach feature as well as to rule out a range of activities, although a clear definition of its primary function was not reached. Based on our case study, we propose a research protocol that can be applied to research on similar ‘empty’ features in order to better validate their functional interpretations.
Adoption and impact of improved amaranth cultivars in Tanzania using DNA fingerprinting
Authors: Wanyama Rosina , Schreinemachers Pepijn , Ochieng’ Justus , Bwambo Omary , Alphonce Roselyne , Dinssa Fekadu Fufa , Lin Ya-ping , Schafleitner Roland
Published: July 2023

Traditional vegetables are very important for food and nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa but have not received much attention in crop improvement research. One exception is amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) for which international breeding research began at the World Vegetable Center in Tanzania in 2004. This study is the first impact evaluation of this research program. It uses a representative sample of 1,355 amaranth-producing households from five agroecological zones of Tanzania to collect questionnaire-based data and plant material. The genetic identity of the amaranth cultivars used by the farmers was identified using DNA fingerprinting, while the impact on crop yield, production cost and sales was quantified using propensity score matching. The analysis shows that 66% of Tanzania’s cultivated area under amaranth uses cultivars derived from the amaranth breeding program. These cultivars had a mean vegetable yield that was 6.1 ton/ha higher (+ 48%; p = 0.002) than that of other cultivars, while there was no significant impact on the cost of production or quantity sold. This suggests tremendous impact of genetic improvement research in traditional vegetables.
Error analysis of laser interferometric system for measuring radius of curvature
Authors: Ali Ahmed , Amer Mohamed , Nada Nadra
Published: July 2023

Spherical surfaces are essential components of optical systems and imaging devices. Moreover, precision spheres are calibration standards for many accurate instruments in dimensional and mass metrology. A spherical surface's main property is its radius of curvature, which can be measured using contact or non-contact methods. Interferometry is an accurate non-contact technique, but some error sources impact it. This study investigates seventeen error sources that affect a laser interferometric system for measuring the radius of curvature of a precision sphere. The measurements are obtained using a Fizeau laser interferometer (GPI-XP, Zygo) with phase-shifting capability and a displacement measuring interferometer (ZMI-1000, Zygo). A silicon–nitride precision sphere with a nominal radius of 12.49965 mm is dealt with in this study. One of the main contributions of this study is proposing three additional error sources: focal shift, optical distortion, and y-axis vibration. Besides, deadpath, nulling, and focal shift error sources contributed 70% of the total uncertainty budget. Also, to correlate measurement accuracy with the reference surface, three transmission spheres (f/3.3, f/1.5, and f/0.65) are employed; f/0.65 reported the most accurate radius measurement of 12.49922 ± 0.00089 mm. This study also investigates the dependence of the nulling error on the coverage factor that defines the tested surface area. The analysis of the measurement uncertainty and the optimum conditions that minimize the system's potential error sources are described in this work.
A pan-cancer analysis for the oncogenic role of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B in human cancers
Authors: Huang Hao , Qiu Duoliang , Zhou Zhengyang , Wu Biaobiao , Shao Lening , Pu Yuwei , He Tengfei , Wu Yongyou , Cui Dawei , Zhong Fengyun
Published: July 2023

Background

Human health and life are threatened by cancer with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In many experiments, CDKN1B level is associated with cancer risk, Nevertheless, no pan-cancer analysis has been conducted on CDKN1B in human cancers.

Methods

With the help of bioinformatics, a pan-cancer analysis was conducted on the expression levels of CDKN1B in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues from the TCGA, CPTAC and GEO databases. The CDKN1B expression levels in tumor patients was further validated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time PCR.

Results

In the study, we first investigated the cancer-related roles of CDKN1B’s in 40 tumors with malignancy. The CDKN1B gene encodes the p27Kip1 protein, which can block the production cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), which is obviously related to the function and survival of cancer cells and alters the prognosis of cancer patients. Furthermore, CDKN1B function requires both protein processing and RNA metabolism. Additionally, the elevated expression of the CDKN1B gene and protein was validated in several cancer tissues from the patients.

Conclusions

These results showed that the levels of CDKN1B were considerably different in a number of cancer tissues, offering a potential future target for cancer therapy.
„… und dann sagten sie plötzlich Frau Lehrerin zu mir!“ Die Sommerschule als Lernfeld für Lehramtsstudierende
Authors: Lenz Sonja , Gamsjäger Manuela , Severa Margit , Kladnik Christine , Prammer Semmler Eva , Plaimauer Christine
Published: July 2023

Als Maßnahme zur Kompensation schulischer Defizite, die durch Covid-19 entstanden sind, wurden 2020 in Österreich für betroffene Schüler*innen Sommerschulen eingerichtet. Darin übernehmen Lehramtsstudierende für zwei Wochen erstmals, größtenteils ohne Unterstützung, die Verantwortung für den Unterricht einer heterogenen Lerngruppe und stehen damit vor den komplexen Aufgaben von Berufseinsteiger*innen. Bislang liegen über die Bedeutung dieses neuen Lernfelds für die Professionalisierung der Studierenden keine Erkenntnisse vor. Dieses Desiderat aufgreifend analysiert die vorliegende Studie deskriptiv entlang der vier beruflichen Entwicklungsfelder für Berufseinsteiger*innen (Keller-Schneider 2021), welche Lerngelegenheiten sich für Studierende im Lernfeld Sommerschule am Standort Linz, Cluster Mitte als subjektiv bedeutsam erweisen und inwieweit diese von ihnen im Sinne einer Professionalisierung als Entwicklungsaufgaben bearbeitet werden. Dazu werden Daten aus Gruppendiskussionen und schriftlichen Reflexionen von Studierenden der Primar- und Sekundarstufe, die im Rahmen der begleitenden Lehrveranstaltung zur Sommerschule entstanden sind, für eine Sekundäranalyse aufbereitet und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse der explorativen Studie zeigen, dass Studierende in allen vier Entwicklungsfeldern für sich bedeutsame Lerngelegenheiten identifizieren, diese jedoch nicht immer im Sinne von Entwicklungsaufgaben bearbeiten und reflektieren. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen werden im Fazit Implikationen abgeleitet, wie die Sommerschule als Lernfeld für die (Weiter‑)Entwicklung der Professionalität der Studierenden genutzt werden kann.
Religion gegen Angst und Wut? Evangelische Religiosität und Politikvertrauen in Deutschland
Authors: Roleder Felix
Published: July 2023

Der Beitrag analysiert die mehrdimensionalen Wirkungen evangelischer Religiosität auf das Politikvertrauen in Deutschland auf empirisch-quantitativer Grundlage. Die Untersuchung entwirft grundsätzliche Perspektiven zu den erklärenden Mikroprozessen im Zusammenspiel von religiöser Emotionalität, Weltdeutung und Vergemeinschaftung. Eine religiöse Emotionalität der verminderten Empfindung von negativen Emotionen, die in religiösen Überzeugungen und Praktiken der Situationsdeutung und der Emotionsregulation wurzelt, unterstützt das Politikvertrauen. Denn die emotionsbezogene Kontingenzbewältigung verbessert die empfundene Leistung der politischen Institutionen und ihrer Akteur:innen. Ein inklusiver Stil evangelischer Weltdeutung versteht die Gesellschaft als Ort des Engagements und der Kooperation, stärkt das Sozialvertrauen und fördert so indirekt das Politikvertrauen. Ein exklusiver Stil evangelikal-freikirchlicher Weltdeutung akzentuiert die Kooperation innerhalb der religiösen Gruppe, aber hemmt das generalisierte Sozial- und Politikvertrauen. Evangelische Gottesdienste politisieren, ohne das Vertrauen in das politische System zu stärken. Die in ihrer mehrheitlichen Ausprägung positiven Wirkungen evangelischer Religiosität auf das Politikvertrauen werden als erklärender Faktor für den positiven Zusammenhang zwischen christlicher Religiosität, Demokratieunterstützung und Populismusprävention eingeführt.
Extend Tversky’s Ratio Model to an Asymmetric Similarity Measurement Model with Three Conditional Parameters: 3p-ASM Model
Authors: He Wen , Dutta Bapi , Liu Yaya , Rodríguez Rosa M.
Published: July 2023

Generally, the similarity between objects is often measured by symmetric operators, such as Cosine, Dice, and Jaccard similarity. However, the ratio model originally proposed by Tversky pointed out that the similarity using the feature matching method tends to be asymmetric. Furthermore, in many practical situations, the existing similarity measures using the feature matching method have some limitations: the calculation formulas are symmetrical, it is not intuitive based on binary features, and it is not easy to calculate based on fuzzy sets. To overcome such limitations, some other asymmetries have proposed to directly combine Tversky’s ratio model with the classical symmetric similarity metric, which in turn leads to the inability to identify different features between the compared objects and affects their similarity accuracy. Therefore, aiming to avoid these, this paper will focus on extending Tversky’s ratio model to a series of 3-parameter asymmetric similarity metrics (3p-ASM), using three conditional parameters to describe both common and different features. First, the set-based 3p-ASM is achieved due to the general and fuzzy set-theoretic operations, when estimating features in$$\left\{ 0,1\right\} $$0,1and$$\left[ 0,1\right] $$0,1, respectively. Then, considering that the estimated values of features can also be expressed as vectors, it will be extended to the vector-based 3p-ASM. Finally, a vector form of 3p-ASM is compared with existing classical methods and a comparative analysis is performed to demonstrate its effectiveness and validity. It is then applied to the KNN model in order to select the most similar items.
Smart textiles for self-powered biomonitoring
Authors: Yin Junyi , Wang Shaolei , Di Carlo Aiden , Chang Austin , Wan Xiao , Xu Jing , Xiao Xiao , Chen Jun
Published: July 2023

Merging electronics with textiles has become an emerging trend since textiles hold magnificent wearing comfort and user-friendliness compared with conventional wearable bioelectronics. Smart textiles can be effectively integrated into our daily wearing to convert on-body biomechanical, biochemical, and body heat energy into electrical signals for long-term, real-time monitoring of physiological states, showing compelling medical and economic benefits. This review summarizes the current progress in self-powered biomonitoring textiles along three pathways: biomechanical, body heat, and biochemical energy conversion. Finally, it also presents promising directions and challenges in the field, as well as insights into future development. This review aims to highlight the frontiers of smart textiles for self-powered biomonitoring, which could contribute to revolutionizing our traditional healthcare into a personalized model.

Graphical Abstract

Self-powered biomonitoring textiles via biomechanical, body heat, and biochemical energy conversion are discussed in this work. Platform technologies, including piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), and magnetoelastic generators (MEGs) for biomechanical energy conversion, thermoelectric generators (TEGs) for boy heat energy conversion, and biofuel cells (BFCs) for biochemical energy conversion, are systematically introduced and discussed in a textile form. Working in a self-powered manner with greatly improved wearing comfort, the smart biomonitoring textiles pave a compelling road to personalized healthcare.
Cultivating Teacher Wellbeing
Authors: Brierton Kate , Gkonou Christina
Published: July 2023

Cultivating Wellbeing in Language Teaching provides an understanding of both managerial and teacher wellbeing, along with a set of practical strategies which educational managers can use to support the wellbeing of teachers in their school. It aims not only to help prevent stress and mental health problems in the workforce, but also to promote high levels of flourishing and thriving in the school environment.
Making National Diasporas
Authors: Siegelbaum Lewis H. , Moch Leslie Page
Published: July 2023

This Element explains the historical conditions for the seemingly anomalous presence of people outside of 'their own' Soviet republic and the sometimes-fraught consequences for them and their post-Soviet host countries. The authors begin their inquiry with an analysis of the most massive displacements of the Stalin era – nationality-based deportations, concluding with examples of the life trajectories of deportees' children as they moved transnationally within the Soviet Union and in its successor states. The second section treats disparate parts of the country as magnets attracting Soviet citizens from far afield. Most were cities undergoing vast industrial expansion; others involved incentive programs to develop agriculture and rural-based industries. The final section is devoted to the history of immigration and emigration during the Soviet period as well as since 1991 when millions left one former Soviet republic for another or for lands farther afield.
From Teacher to Teacher Leader
Authors: Reinders Hayo
Published: July 2023

This book is for teachers who would like to develop the mindset of a teacher leader, and with it, the potential to have a major impact on their teaching community. The book supports teachers in their professional development, through discussion of new concepts and ideas, case studies drawing on the experience of teachers from around the world, and through personal reflection and application to their practice. In short, it supports teachers in identifying teacher leadership skills and implementing them in their context.
The Early Development of Project Gutenberg c.1970–2000
Authors: Rowberry Simon
Published: July 2023

Project Gutenberg is lauded as one of the earliest digitisation initiatives, a mythology that Michael Hart, its founder perpetuated through to his death in 2011. In this Element, the author re-examines the extant historical evidence to challenge some of Hart's bolder claims and resituates the significance of Project Gutenberg in relation to broader trends in online document delivery and digitisation in the latter half of the twentieth century, especially in the World Wide Web's first decade (the 1990s). Through this re-appraisal, the author instead suggests that Hart's Project is significant as an example of what Millicent Weber has termed a “digital publishing collective” whereby a group of volunteers engage in producing content and that process is as meaningful as the final product.
Design and dry wind tunnel test of progressive flexible variable bending wing
Authors: Xu X. D. , Chen G. G. , Li S. , Lv T. G.
Published: July 2023

The deformable wing structure can change its aerodynamic shape according to the change of flight mission and flight environment, so as to obtain better lift-drag, stability and control characteristics, which is considered as one of the future research directions of aviation technology. Considering the current technology maturity and reliability, a gradient corrugated fin is designed to realise the bending deformation of the wing. The structure of the skin is optimised to keep the skin smooth during deformation. In addition, a progressive push and pull rod is proposed to drive the wing deformation, and the fluid-structure interaction simulation is carried out for the wing deformation. At the same time, the changes of wing aerodynamic characteristics under different angles of leading and trailing edges and different push rod action schemes are analysed. Finally, a dry wind tunnel simulation test of the designed progressive flexible variable bending wing is carried out. The results of fluid-structure interaction simulation and dry wind tunnel test show that the progressive flexible variable bending wing proposed in this paper has a simple and reliable structure and remarkable deformation effect. It has advantages in increasing lift and reducing drag, ensuring high lift-drag ratio and providing wing trim moment. The deformable wing dry wind tunnel test platform designed by this method is structurally reliable, easy to operate, and can accurately reflect the influence of wing deformation on its aerodynamic force, which provides a verification means for the development of the design method and the design of practical aircraft in the future.
Reinsurance games with variance-premium reinsurers: from tree to chain
Authors: Cao Jingyi , Li Dongchen , Young Virginia R. , Zou Bin
Published: July 2023

This paper studies dynamic reinsurance contracting and competition problems under model ambiguity in a reinsurance market with one primary insurer and n reinsurers, who apply the variance premium principle and who are distinguished by their levels of ambiguity aversion. The insurer negotiates reinsurance policies with all reinsurers simultaneously, which leads to a reinsurance tree structure with full competition among the reinsurers. We model the reinsurance contracting problems between the insurer and reinsurers by Stackelberg differential games and the competition among the reinsurers by a non-cooperative Nash game. We derive equilibrium strategies in semi-closed form for all the companies, whose objective is to maximize their expected surpluses penalized by a squared-error divergence term that measures their ambiguity. We find that, in equilibrium, the insurer purchases a positive amount of proportional reinsurance from each reinsurer. We further show that the insurer always prefers the tree structure to the chain structure, in which the risk of the insurer is shared sequentially among all reinsurers.
Risk factors for predicting extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBLE) infections in non-urinary isolates
Authors: Burgoon Rachel , Hamby Aaron , Weeda Erin , Raux Brian R. , Hornback Krutika M.
Published: July 2023

Background:

With increases in antimicrobial resistance, it is crucial that patients receive appropriate antimicrobial therapy in a timely manner. Advancements in rapid diagnostics offer the ability to identify resistant organisms quickly. However, this technology is not always accessible and relies on correct specimen collection. While awaiting new microbiology methods, it may be beneficial to identify risk factors associated with common types of resistance. Specifically, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBLE) are a rising threat globally.

Objective:

The primary objective of this retrospective case–control analysis was to identify factors associated with non-urinary ESBLE versus non-ESBLE infections.

Design/Methods:

Patient cultures were randomly selected based on type of culture (blood, bacterial, or exudate) and organism (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, or K. oxytoca) to provide a 1:1 ratio of ESBLE to non-ESBLE infections. Baseline demographics and potential risk factors (malignancy, cirrhosis, acute kidney injury (AKI), and diabetes) were collected for each patient encounter.

Results:

In the univariate analysis, risk factors that achieved a significant difference included cirrhosis, AKI, presence of urinary catheter, presence of center venous catheter, history of an ESBLE infection, hospital-acquired infection, and recent fluoroquinolone, cephalosporin, or beta-lactam use. The multivariate analysis showed that four factors were independently associated with an ESBLE infection: cirrhosis, urinary catheter, central venous catheter, and history of ESBLE. Having a history of an ESBLE had the highest adjusted odds ratio (aOR 12.49; 95% CI 4.71–33.15, P < .001) of the four factors.

Conclusions:

These results demonstrate that there may be benefit in incorporating select risk factors into clinical decision support tools to identify patients at highest risk of ESBLE infection.
Phylogenetic diversity in conservation: A brief history, critical overview, and challenges to progress – Authors response to reviewers
Authors: Cardillo Marcel
Published: July 2023

Cardillo M (2023). Phylogenetic diversity in conservation: A brief history, critical overview, and challenges to progress. Cambridge Prisms: Extinction1, e11.
Stereotypes, language, and race: Spaniards’ perception of Latin American immigrants
Authors: Chappell Whitney , Barnes Sonia
Published: July 2023

The present study explores how two symbolic boundaries—linguistic variety and race—intersect, influencing how Latin American immigrants are perceived in Spain. To this end, 217 Spaniards participated in an experiment in which they evaluated three men along a series of social properties, but they were presented with different combinations of linguistic variety (Argentinian, Colombian, or Spanish) and race (a White or Mestizo photograph). The results of mixed-effects regression models found that linguistic variety conditioned participants’ evaluations of status, occupational prestige, solidarity, and trustworthiness, and both variety and race conditioned evaluations of religiousness. We contend that linguistic features become associated with a specific group of people through rhematization (Gal, 2005; Irvine & Gal, 2000) and, by extension, ideologies link those people with stereotypical characteristics. We conclude that the “ideological twinning” (Rosa & Flores, 2017) of race and linguistic variety can enhance stereotypes toward immigrants and impact their experiences in the receiving country.
Praise the Gardeners, Dun the Hunters: Alaska Natives, Taxation, and Settler Colonialism
Authors: Zahnd Maximilien
Published: July 2023

This article explores the relationship between tax law and settler colonialism by looking at the ways in which taxes can be part of the “civilizing” process of Indigenous peoples. In 1921, the Territory of Alaska enacted a “license tax on the business of fur-farming, trapping and trading in pelts and skins of fur-bearing animals.” Since most trappers were Natives, the “fur tax” de facto targeted them. This article unpacks the sociocultural and political dimensions of the fur tax against the backdrop of Alaska’s settler colonial history. Despite what the Alaska attorney general claimed was its “strict” revenue-raising function, the tax was part of a much broader settler colonial agenda. That agenda sought to turn semi-nomadic, “uncivilized” Native hunters into spatially grounded, “civilized” farmers, gardeners, reindeer herders, or wage workers. Ultimately, I suggest, within many if not most settler colonial spaces political and sociocultural ideologies alter the initial revenue-raising function of taxes.
An ASP Framework for the Refinement of Authorization and Obligation Policies
Authors: INCLEZAN DANIELA
Published: July 2023

This paper introduces a framework for assisting policy authors in refining and improving their policies. In particular, we focus on authorization and obligation policies that can be encoded in Gelfond and Lobo’s
$\mathscr{AOPL}$
language for policy specification. We propose a framework that detects the statements that make a policy inconsistent, underspecified, or ambiguous with respect to an action being executed in a given state. We also give attention to issues that arise at the intersection of authorization and obligation policies, for instance when the policy requires an unauthorized action to be executed. The framework is encoded in Answer Set Programming.
Non-deterministic Approximation Operators: Ultimate Operators, Semi-equilibrium Semantics, and Aggregates
Authors: HEYNINCK JESSE , BOGAERTS BART
Published: July 2023

Approximation fixpoint theory (AFT) is an abstract and general algebraic framework for studying the semantics of non-monotonic logics. In recent work, AFT was generalized to non-deterministic operators, that is, operators whose range are sets of elements rather than single elements. In this paper, we make three further contributions to non-deterministic AFT: (1) we define and study ultimate approximations of non-deterministic operators, (2) we give an algebraic formulation of the semi-equilibrium semantics by Amendola et al., and (3) we generalize the characterizations of disjunctive logic programs to disjunctive logic programs with aggregates.
Freedom or Feardom of Expression of Judges? Exploring the ‘Chilling Effect’ on Judicial Speech
Authors: Fajdiga Mohor , Zagorc Saša
Published: July 2023

Freedom of expression of judges – ‘Chilling effect’ of measures taken against judges (and prosecutors) – Silence or modification of speech – Rule of law crisis – ‘Chilling effect’ as one of the circumstances determining the proportionality of an interference with freedom of expression – Flexible approach in determining the sources of the ‘chilling effect’ – Little attention devoted by the Court to the quality of legislative enactment – Measures may not have imminent repercussions for a given judge, may be light, and may take the form of a threat – ‘Chilling effect’ may extend from one legal profession to another – ‘Chilling effect’ explains why the Court affords greater protection of freedom of expression to prominent judges – Greater consistency in the Court’s application of the ‘chilling effect’ argument would be welcome – First step of an ambitious research quest to determine whether judges feel free to express their opinions, or live in a state of feardom.