bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Self-Representations Following Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy for Young Adults
Authors: Werbart Andrzej , Brusell Lars , Iggedal Rebecka , Lavfors Kristin , Widholm Alexander
Published: November 2016

Changes in dynamic psychological structures are often a treatment goal in psychotherapy. The present study aimed at creating a typology of self-representations among young women and men in psychoanalytic psychotherapy, to study longitudinal changes in self-representations, and to compare self-representations in the clinical sample with those of a nonclinical group. Twenty-five women and sixteen men were interviewed according to Blatt’s Object Relations Inventory pretreatment, at termination, and at a 1.5-year follow-up. In the comparison group, eleven women and nine men were interviewed at baseline, 1.5 years, and three years later. Typologies of the 123 self-descriptions in the clinical group and 60 in the nonclinical group were constructed by means of ideal-type analysis for men and women separately. Clusters of self-representations could be depicted on a two-dimensional matrix with the axes Relatedness-Self-definition and Integration-Nonintegration. In most cases, the self-descriptions changed over time in terms of belonging to different ideal-type clusters. In the clinical group, there was a movement toward increased integration in self-representations, but above all toward a better balance between relatedness and self-definition. The changes continued after termination, paralleled by reduced symptoms, improved functioning, and higher developmental levels of representations. No corresponding tendency could be observed in the nonclinical group.
Narcotic and Antidepressant Use and Hospital Readmission Rates in Children With Functional Abdominal Pain
Authors: Holland Kathleen J. , Bennett William E.
Published: November 2016

Functional abdominal pain is a common presentation in the pediatric population, and it carries a large financial and emotional burden. The objective of this study was to describe the association between the use of narcotics and antidepressants and hospital readmission in children admitted for abdominal pain without an organic cause. We analyzed data from the Pediatric Health Information System database. A multivariate logistical regression model was used to assess the association between medication type and hospital readmission rates within 30 and 90 days. There was a positive association between readmission rates. Readmission rates were higher for children who were older, male, Black, had Medicaid insurance, had a longer hospital stay, or were treated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor/tricyclic antidepressant/narcotic. While not standard practice, patients with functional abdominal pain who receive these medications may be at an increased risk for readmission and subsequent health care contacts and are good candidates for future healthcare coordination.
Filologia e critica per Scotellaro narratore inedito e raro
Authors: Dell’Aquila Giulia
Published: November 2016

Dai materiali narrativi inediti e rari di Rocco Scotellaro vengono qui recuperati e pubblicati in forma filologicamente corretta dieci testi; si tratta di racconti, novelle e prose, composti tra il 1942 e il 1951.

Molti dei temi presenti nella produzione già nota, quella raccolta nel volume Uno si distrae al bivio e quella dispersa in riviste e quotidiani, tornano con modalità di scrittura che confermano la varietà di opzioni e una vocazione al racconto non meno convincente di quella poetica.
Carlo Levi nella cultura americana tra gli anni Quaranta e Cinquanta
Authors: Beltrami Luca
Published: November 2016

Il saggio indaga i rapporti tra Carlo Levi e la cultura americana a partire dal viaggio dell’autore a New York nella primavera del 1947 in compagnia dell’ex premier italiano Ferruccio Parri. Anche in virtù della campagna promozionale svolta in quell’occasione, l’edizione americana di Cristo si è fermato a Eboli (1947) raggiunge un enorme successo di vendite e ottiene un notevole consenso da parte della critica, destando l’attenzione di due noti reviewers della scena americana come Alfred Kazin e Paolo Milano. La fortuna dell’opera consente a Levi di avviare collaborazioni con importanti periodici statunitensi, tra cui la rivista Life, il New York Times e, più avanti, il The Reporter diretto da Max Ascoli. Il fiasco di Of Fear and Freedom (1950) e la controversa ricezione di The Watch (1951), ovvero i libri attraverso cui Levi approfondisce la sua riflessione sulla società e sulla politica italiana negli anni del totalitarismo e del Dopoguerra, segnano invece un progressivo calo di interesse da parte del pubblico americano e fanno emergere alcune divergenze culturali che sembrano persistere anche nell’ultimo e più tardo reportage dedicato agli Stati Uniti (1960).
Rocco Scotellaro e le arti visive
Authors: Fuccella Palmarosa
Published: November 2016

Il contributo approfondisce un aspetto poco noto della formazione e della vita stessa di Rocco Scotellaro, ovvero il rapporto con l’arte e gli artisti del suo tempo. Una sensibilità che emerge già tra i banchi del Liceo e poi si matura anche grazie alla frequentazione di Carlo Levi. Ugualmente, il testo illustra le principali testimonianze artistiche che Scotellaro ha ispirato in vita e post mortem; si tratta di ritratti, paesaggi e racconti illustrati che rendono ancora vitali l’immagine e la storia del poeta-contadino.
Levi, Scotellaro e il cinema
Authors: Martelli Sebastiano
Published: November 2016

Il saggio, utilizzando una consistente documentazione inedita presente in archivi pubblici e privati, ricostruisce il rapporto di Carlo Levi e di Rocco Scotellaro con il cinema. La trasposizione cinematografica del Cristo si è fermato a Eboli, realizzata da Francesco Rosi nel 1979, ha alle spalle un corposo e poco conosciuto capitolo che qui viene ricostruito dettagliatamente: registi coinvolti (Comencini, De Sica, Germi, Rossellini, Emmer, Lizzani), progetti di sceneggiature, lettere, ecc. Il secondo capitolo riguarda l'impegno diretto di Levi e di Scotellaro nella scrittura di soggetti, treatment e sceneggiature per il cinema, che negli anni 1946–1953 vede una collaborazione tra i due nei progetti che riguardano il Cristo e I fuochi di San Pancrazio. Tutti questi materiali vengono analizzati in rapporto all'attività intellettuale e alla produzione narrativa e poetica dei due scrittori ma anche al quadro in grande evoluzione del cinema italiano, dal neorealismo all'orizzonte di attesa di un nuovo pubblico popolare negli anni cinquanta.
Paura della libertà, passione nella libertà. Fonti e incroci leviani fra 1939 e 1945
Authors: D’Elia Costanza
Published: November 2016

Fra gli scritti di Levi Paura della libertà (1939), definito dal’autore stesso ‘poema filosofico’, è certamente il più oscuro, nella complessità dell’argomentazione teorica e nella ricchezza dei riferimenti impliciti. L’articolo mira a individuare alcune delle fonti principali del testo, ipotizzando una influenza del freudiano Psicologia delle masse e analisi dell’Io, e di Ernst Bloch, segnatamente di Eredità del nostro tempo . In questa prospettiva emergono continuità inaspettate con Cristo si è fermato a Eboli, che vengono qui indagate anche sul versante del rapporto testo / immagine.
Using violence, seeking votes
Authors: Matanock Aila M
Published: November 2016

In many cases, including some of the most destructive civil conflicts and some of the newest emerging democracies, militant and ex-militant groups form political parties to participate in elections. Despite the prevalence of such electoral participation, it has rarely been studied, and scholars have not explored its influence on outcomes such as conflict or democratization. A lack of comprehensive data has impeded this research. The dataset introduced in this article provides annual data on militant and ex-militant group participation in legislative elections between 1970 and 2010. The Militant Group Electoral Participation (MGEP) dataset allows for further empirical study of the patterns, causes, and consequences of this behavior. Moreover, in combination with other datasets, MGEP stands to provide additional insights on conflict, peace, democratization, and electoral politics more broadly. In this article, I describe MGEP, provide summary statistics on the data, and show its applications, including through a replication study on post-conflict elections.
Using Groups to Measure Intergroup Prejudice
Authors: Cooley Erin , Payne B. Keith
Published: November 2016

Implicit measures of racial attitudes often assess reactions to images of individuals to infer attitudes toward an entire social category. However, an increasing amount of research indicates that responses to individuals are highly dependent on context and idiosyncratic features of individual exemplars. Thus, using images of individuals to assess beliefs about a whole social category may not be ideal. Across three time points, we predicted that using images of groups would mitigate the influence of idiosyncratic features of individual targets and, thus, provide a better measurement tool to assess beliefs about a category to which all group members belong. Results revealed that an implicit measure that presented images of Black and White groups had greater construct validity, test–retest reliability, and predictive validity as compared with an implicit measure that presented the same exemplars individually. We conclude that groups provide a window into existing beliefs about social categories.
Caste from Below
Authors: Jangam Chinnaiah
Published: November 2016

Based on the life of the noted Chindu Yakshagana performer, Yellamma, this article presents the lived experience of caste through the lens of India’s Dalits, as narrated by the Chindus, a dependent caste of Madigas of Telangana. This provides a glimpse into the inner world of caste-based relationships through analysis of a satellite caste system that remains inaccessible to the dominant Hindu Brahmanical world and most scholarship on caste. Satellite castes function as preservers of social memory and act as cultural archives, enacting caste histories and origin myths, while critiquing and inverting dominant perceptions and weaving positive stories. The article argues that there may well be much more to this performative protest than merely social subversion.
Cosmopolitan Sociology and Confucian Worldview: Beck’s Theory in East Asia
Authors: Han Sang-Jin , Shim Young-Hee , Park Young-Do
Published: November 2016

This article aims at an active dialogue between Ulrich Beck and East Asia with respect to cosmopolitan imagination. Beck’s cosmopolitan sociology requires a reflective cosmopolitan publicness to cope with various kinds of global risks. We therefore extract three different layers of publicness from neo-Confucianism – survival-oriented, deliberative, and ecological – and argue that Beck’s cosmopolitan vision can be better conceptualized when properly linked to, or founded upon, the Tianxiaweigong normative potentials of neo-Confucianism. In so doing our intention is to make Beck’s implicit (Asian) sensibilities and the implicit Asian (cosmopolitan) orientations explicit, as a double process of cosmopolitan self-reflection and dialogue. We also draw attention to the analysis of the cosmopolitan actor in East Asia. Finally, we note that the cosmopolitan future of East Asia still remains uncertain and that reconciling global risk politics, national interests and cosmopolitan morality presents a big challenge to second modern transformation.
Relationship between hearing function and myasthenia gravis: A contemporary review
Authors: Ralli Massimo , Altissimi Giancarlo , Di Stadio A , Mazzei Filippo , Turchetta Rosaria , Cianfrone Giancarlo
Published: November 2016

There is increasing evidence of a connection between hearing function and myasthenia gravis (MG). Studies of the pathophysiological basis of this relationship suggest that acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on outer hair cells (OHCs) play a central role. In patients with MG, autoantibodies against AChRs induce a progressive loss of AChRs on OHCs, decreasing their electromotility. The stapedial reflex decay test can be altered in MG patients, and can be used as an additional tool for diagnosis and monitoring. Transient evoked and distortion product otoacoustic emissions are the main diagnostic tool for monitoring OHC functionality in MG patients, and can be used to record subclinical hearing alterations before the onset of clinically evident hearing loss. Understanding the association between MG and hearing dysfunction requires a multidisciplinary approach. Otolaryngologists should take this relationship into account when approaching patients with a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis and “in patients with MG” with ण128;in MG patients, and the progress of hearing alterations should always be monitored in patients with MG.
Social Context of Depressive Distress in Aging Transgender Adults
Authors: White Hughto Jaclyn M. , Reisner Sari L.
Published: November 2016

This study investigates the relationship between discrimination and mental health in aging transgender adults. Survey responses from 61 transgender adults above 50 ( Mage = 57.7, SD = 5.8; 77.1% male-to-female; 78.7% White non-Hispanic) were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the relationship between gender- and age-related discrimination, number of everyday discrimination experiences, and past-week depressive distress, adjusting for social support, sociodemographics, and other forms of discrimination. The most commonly attributed reasons for experiencing discrimination were related to gender (80.3%) and age (34.4%). More than half of participants (55.5%) met criteria for past-week depressive distress. In an adjusted multivariable model, gender-related discrimination and a greater number of everyday discrimination experiences were associated with increased odds of past-week depressive distress. Additional research is needed to understand the effects of aging and gender identity on depressive symptoms and develop interventions to safeguard the mental health of this vulnerable aging population.
Calibration of the stable isotope composition and body size of the arid-dwelling land snail Sphincterochila candidissima, a climatic archive abundant in Mediterranean archaeological deposits
Authors: Yanes Yurena , Fernández-Lopez-de-Pablo Javier
Published: November 2016

Land snails recovered from archeological deposits may be used to deduce climatic conditions during prehistoric occupation because their aragonitic skeletons are usually well-preserved and document valuable climatic information in the form of isotope codes. Since the snail Sphincterochila candidissima is common in archeological sites along the western Mediterranean but has been minimally investigated, the present work examines the relationship between the oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotopes of modern specimens and relevant meteorological data. Individuals of Sphincterochila were regularly live-collected throughout 1 year (from September 2013 to October 2014) in Tarragona, NE Spain, and the δ18O and δ13C values were measured at the shell lip or aperture, which depicts the last growth episode closest to specimens’ collection date. Shell margin δ18O values varied from +3.1‰ in September to −0.8‰ in April. Average shell margin δ18O values per collection date positively correlated with monthly averaged rainwater δ18O, and negatively correlated with monthly averaged maximum relative humidity, while other variables (i.e. temperature and precipitation amount) did not explain monthly–submonthly isotopic variations in the shell lip. Shell margin δ13C values ranged from −11‰ in September to −4.8‰ in March, pointing to detectable variations in snails’ diet between seasons. Interestingly, snail body size positively correlated with shell margin δ18O and δ13C values, suggesting that larger snail size is reached under drier conditions. This work shows that S. candidissima from the western Mediterranean is a valid paleoprecipitation δ18O and/or paleohumidity proxy in the region at the monthly–submonthly scale. Although shell margin δ18O recorded fall and spring climate conditions only, limiting therefore their use to estimate the season of harvest, snails that grow year-round (e.g. at subtropical–tropical regions) may be used usefully for such analyses.
CoDuSe group exercise programme improves balance and reduces falls in people with multiple sclerosis: A multi-centre, randomized, controlled pilot study
Authors: Carling Anna , Forsberg Anette , Gunnarsson Martin , Nilsagård Ylva
Published: November 2016

Background:

Imbalance leading to falls is common in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Objective:

To evaluate the effects of a balance group exercise programme (CoDuSe) on balance and walking in PwMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale, 4.0–7.5).

Methods:

A multi-centre, randomized, controlled single-blinded pilot study with random allocation to early or late start of exercise, with the latter group serving as control group for the physical function measures. In total, 14 supervised 60-minute exercise sessions were delivered over 7 weeks. Pretest–posttest analyses were conducted for self-reported near falls and falls in the group starting late. Primary outcome was Berg Balance Scale (BBS). A total of 51 participants were initially enrolled; three were lost to follow-up.

Results:

Post-intervention, the exercise group showed statistically significant improvement ( p = 0.015) in BBS and borderline significant improvement in MS Walking Scale ( p = 0.051), both with large effect sizes (3.66; −2.89). No other significant differences were found between groups. In the group starting late, numbers of falls and near falls were statistically significantly reduced after exercise compared to before ( p < 0.001; p < 0.004).

Conclusion:

This pilot study suggests that the CoDuSe exercise improved balance and reduced perceived walking limitations, compared to no exercise. The intervention reduced falls and near falls frequency.
Respatializing the domestic: gender, extensive domesticity, and activist kitchenspace in Mexican migration politics
Authors: Bruzzone Mario
Published: November 2016

The collective ‘Las Patronas’ is one of Mexico’s most famous and most decorated activist groups. For the past 20 years, they have given food, water, and clothing to migrants on moving freight trains, without reciprocation. This article considers the centrality of the kitchen and of kitchenspace to the group’s project, especially as part of their strategy for becoming and remaining ‘public’. In Mexico, ‘the kitchen’ may be two different kitchens and two types of kitchenspace, one for the everyday, the other for the singular and special. The ceremonial cocina de humo figures prominently in the Patronas’ day-to-day lives as well as media representations. It legitimates their public place and enacts a ritual importance to their provisioning. In tracing the importance of kitchenspace, how the Patronas’ project becomes translated in media accounts such as the documentary De Nadie and the television show Tiempo de Héroes, and how the Patronas perform maternal domesticity to take up a form of authority, this article argues that the Patronas spatially perform publicness and domesticity non-exclusively. The Patronas’ strategy produces a spatially expansive, rather than exclusive, domesticity, and in so doing, the group explodes the domestic–public binary.
Party Splits, Not Progressives
Authors: Santucci Jack
Published: November 2016

The choice of proportional representation (PR) is rarely included in work on American local politics. Yet we have long known that 24 cities adopted the single transferable vote form of PR from 1915 to 1948. Breaking with a machine–reform dichotomy that dominates the PR historiography, I investigate two partisan hypotheses about PR’s origins. One concerns the emergence of third parties. A second involves splits in ruling parties. In at least 15 cases, PR choice involved an alliance of convenience between ruling-party defectors and local minority parties. Evidence includes narratives on the partisanship of elite PR backers, comparison of case history and precinct-level referendum outcomes for three similar cities, and aggregate data on big-city charter change referenda from 1900 to 1950. New in this article is comparison of PR adopters with non-adopters. Party splits in places with sizable out-parties emerge as a distinctly American path to proportional electoral rules.1
VP2RQ: Efficient verifiable privacy-preserving range query processing in two-tiered wireless sensor networks
Authors: Dai Hua , Ye Qingqun , Yi Xun , He Ruiliang , Yang Geng , Pan Jinji
Published: November 2016

In the field of wireless sensor networks, the secure range query technique is a challenging issue. In two-tiered wireless sensor networks, a verifiable privacy-preserving range query processing method is proposed that is based on bucket partition, information identity authentication, and check-code fusion. During the data collection process, each sensor node puts its collected data into buckets according to the bucket partition strategy, encrypts the non-empty buckets, generates the check-codes for the empty buckets, and fuses them. Then, the check-codes and the encrypted buckets are submitted to the parent node until they reach the storage node. During query processing, the base station converts the queried range into the interested bucket tag set and sends it to the storage node. The storage node determines the candidate-encrypted buckets, generates the check-code through code fusion, and sends them to the base station. The base station obtains query results and verifies the completeness of the result with the check-code. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results show that verifiable privacy-preserving range query is capable of protecting the privacy sensor data, query result, and query range, which also supports the completeness verification of the query result. Compared to existing methods, verifiable privacy-preserving range query performs better on communication cost.
Close Target Reconnaissance
Authors: Oron-Gilad Tal , Parmet Yisrael
Published: November 2016

The focus of the current study was on how the dismounted soldiers’ decision cycle is affected by the use of a display device for utilizing intelligence from an unmanned ground vehicle during a patrol mission. Via a handheld monocular display, participants received a route map and sensor imagery from the vehicle that was ~20–50 m ahead. Twenty-two male participants were divided into two groups, with or without the sensor imagery. Each participant navigated for 2 km in a military urban terrain training facility, while encountering civilians, moving and stationary suspects, and improvised explosive devices. The OODA loop (observe–orient–decide–act) framework was used to examine soldiers’ decisions. The experimental group was slower to respond to threats and to orient. They also reported higher workload, more difficulties in allocating their attention to the environment, and more frustration. These can be partially attributed to the novelty of the technological capability, but also to its implementation in the study. The breakdown of performance metrics into the OODA loop components enabled analysis of the major difficulties in the decision-making process. This evaluation highlights the need for new roles in combat-team setups and for additional training when unmanned vehicle sensor imagery is introduced.
Study on the high-temperature corrosion behavior of superheater steels of biomass-fired boiler in molten alkali salts’ mixtures
Authors: He Jianjun , Xiong Weizhou , Zhang Wei , Li Wei , Long Kailiang
Published: November 2016

Alkali sulfates and chlorides may result in rapid corrosion attack of the materials during the process of biomass-fired power generation. The 9-mm-thick 12Cr1MoV superheater tube in biomass-fired boiler was cut into samples by wire cutting. Hot corrosion behaviors of the materials in molten NaCl–50% KCl, KCl–50% K2SO4, NaCl–50% Na2SO4, and Na2SO4–50% K2SO4 at 923 K were investigated by the weight change kinetics, scanning electron microscopy, as well as energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The weight gain curve was studied by electronic balance after each experiment cycle at 12, 24, 48, and 60 h. Compared to the microstructures of the corrosion surface and cross section of each material, concentrated pores and cracks were observed on the samples in molten NaCl–KCl, indicating that chlorides induce severest corrosion by active oxidation of chlorine in all cases. There is an extensive decrease in corrosion rates when mixing chlorides and sulfates together, where active oxidation was inhibited by the sulfates. It is interesting to note that sodium (Na) is not as active and detrimental as contents of potassium (K) to the corrosion of 12Cr1MoV steels, which results in the slightest corrosion effects by NaCl–Na2SO4 both on the surface and cross section of the specimens. Therefore, appropriate adjustment on the mixtures of chlorides and sulfates helps to improve the corrosion resistance of 12Cr1MoV.
Similarity attributes from differential resolution components
Authors: Honório Bruno César Zanardo , da Costa Correia Ulisses Miguel , de Matos Marcílio Castro , Vidal Alexandre Campane
Published: November 2016

Seismic resolution plays an important role in the delineation of structural and stratigraphic features. The resolution improvement directly affects the seismic attributes and, consequently, the interpretation of a given feature. However, the broadband data do not necessarily provide the best insight for seismic attribute evaluation. Particularly, geologic discontinuities, such as karsts, faults, and fractures, can have different seismic expressions according to their intrinsic scales, and, therefore, they are better illuminated in a given frequency range. To extract dissimilar characteristics in different frequency bands, we have combined a recently developed spectral enhancement method based on differential resolution (DR) and similarity attributes. The DR algorithm is simultaneously used for frequency enhancement and acting as a pseudofilter, allowing us to compute similarity attributes at different frequency bands. The similarity computation follows the reflector dip of each DR subband and adjusts its analysis window accordingly to the dominant frequency within the subbands. Then, the subband similarities are combined in the red-green-blue-alpha color space, allowing a more detailed view of the geology under investigation. Although more expensive in terms of processing time because of all the steps needed for each subband, the proposed strategy proved to be a great improvement over the conventional procedure of detecting and delineating discontinuities in fault and karst structures when treating seismic data from an offshore carbonate field in Campos Basin, Brazil.
The Novel as the Future Anterior of the Book: Tom McCarthy's Remainder and Ali Smith's The Accidental
Authors: Lupton Christina
Published: November 2016

This article asks what it means to consider a twenty-first-century novel as a machine able to talk about its own materiality. Is it a series of keystrokes or digital files or marks on a page? If, as Friedrich Kittler presumes, digital technology has boosted the autopoietic qualities of the media system, in what sense do paper books remain active components of this system and in what sense do they appear within it as old media, spoken for by the electronically mediated texts that represent them? Or have novels become comments on this in-between state of being no longer quite materially decipherable as paper sequences, portable objects, material containers of letters arranged on a page and yet not being fully free of this image of the book? Focusing on Tom McCarthy's Remainder (2005) and Ali Smith's The Accidental (2005) as novels that speak from what Jacques Derrida calls the “future anterior” of the page, it argues for the view of the book that opens up once a technology is no longer in use as a primary medium. By this logic, if novels like Remainder and The Accidental perform the space of new media, it is not because they describe or actively cede a role to electronic text but because they deploy a nonnative capacity to look at narrative in its incarnation as paper and print. This also means that they engage with medial form without being strictly self-referential.
The presence and role of interstitial cells of Cajal in the proximal intestine of shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius)
Authors: Brijs Jeroen , Hennig Grant W. , Kellermann Anna-Maria , Axelsson Michael , Olsson Catharina
Published: November 2016

Rhythmic contractions of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract can occur in the absence of neuronal or hormonal stimulation due to the generation of spontaneous electrical activity by interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) that are electrically coupled to smooth muscle cells. The myogenically-driven component of gastrointestinal motility patterns in fish likely also involves ICC, however, little is known of their presence, distribution and function in any fish species. In the present study, we combined immunohistochemistry and in vivo recordings of intestinal motility to investigate the involvement of ICC in the motility of the proximal intestine in adult shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius). Antibodies against anoctamin 1 (Ano1, a Ca2+-activated Cl− channel), revealed a dense network of multipolar, repeatedly branching cells in the myenteric region of the proximal intestine, similar in many regards to the mammalian ICC-MY network. The addition of benzbromarone, a potent blocker of Ano1, altered the motility patterns seen in vivo after neural blockade with TTX. The results indicate that ICC are integral for the generation and propagation of the majority of rhythmic contractile patterns in fish, although their frequency and amplitude can be modulated via neural activity.
Material implantation techniques based on tungsten carbide to increase friction surface durability
Authors: Горленко Александр , Gorlenko Aleksandr , Давыдов Сергей , Davydov Sergey
Published: November 2016

The modification of steel friction surface at the expense of the formation on it a surface layer implanted and compound strengthened with tungsten carbides together with the formation of a sub-layer consisting of cellular super-cooled austenite stabilized by tungsten and reinforced with tungsten carbide grid consisting of packaged nano-sized particles is considered. The influence of implanted tungsten carbides upon the formation in friction surfaces of wear-resistant structures formed during the realization of combined electro-mechanical working techniques is investigated. It is shown that at a thermo-power effect in the area of deformation takes place an intensive austenitizing of steel with the dilution of a tungsten carbide powder and further formation of composite nano-structures as a result of the dissociation of super-cooled austenite oversaturated with tungsten. There are shown results of tribotechnical tests of cylindrical samples by a normalized method.
Mathematical modeling of high-precision surfaces finishing in elastic plates with surface-active matters
Authors: Богуцкий Владимир , Bogutskiy Vladimir , Братан С. , Bratan S. , Колесов А. , Kolesov A.
Published: November 2016

At present a significant problem at the production of high-precision machinery and devices is the ensuring of stability of quality specified parameters and increase of working productivity. The simultaneous achievement of these values may be obtained only at the expense of the destination of optimum modes and methods of manufacturing operations control for that there were necessary adequate mathematical models. The existing engineering processes are formed on determined procedures without taking into account a stochastic nature of a process and the interference of chemical and mechanical phenomena in the area of working. In the paper the mechanism of allowance removal at finishing with abrasive pastes having in their composition as fillers the surface-active matters as a factor defining the effectiveness of a finishing procedure is investigated. A process mathematical model is developed allowing the computation of material removal at any time at different algorithms of modes changes including parameters of a contact area, a current state of a surface layer in a blank. A model formed taking into account the process of passivation, machine cutting, takes into account a stochastic character of a process and allows estimating differentially the impact of separate factors upon material removal.
Chasing Demand: Learning and Earning in a Changing Environment
Authors: Keskin N. Bora , Zeevi Assaf
Published: November 2016

We consider a dynamic pricing problem in which a seller faces an unknown demand model that can change over time. The amount of change over a time horizon of T periods is measured using a variation metric that allows for a broad spectrum of temporal behavior. Given a finite variation “budget,” we first derive a lower bound on the expected performance gap between any pricing policy and a clairvoyant who knows a priori the temporal evolution of the underlying demand model, and then we design families of near-optimal pricing policies, the revenue performance of which asymptotically matches said lower bound. We also show that the seller can achieve a substantially better revenue performance in demand environments that change in “bursts” than in demand environments that change “smoothly,” among other things quantifying the net effect of the “volatility” in the demand environment on the seller’s revenue performance.
Working internationally: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Burden Mel
Published: November 2016

Mel Burden, Infection Prevention and Control Nurse Specialist, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, shares her experiences of volunteering as a nurse in Benin and South Africa, and reflects on the professional challenges
How can a competency framework for advanced practice support care?
Authors: Stanford Pamela Elizabeth
Published: November 2016

Aim

To explore whether perception of nurse practitioners in relation to whether a competency framework for advanced practice can support their work.

Method

A qualitative cross-sectional design was used, embedded in an interpretative paradigm of research. A non-probability sample of eight experienced nurse practitioners took part in focus groups and answered questionnaires. A mixture of phenomenological and grounded theory approaches were used to collect the data.

Findings

Four major themes were identified: competency frameworks can identify individual strengths and weaknesses, they can be used to set clear goals and targets, they can improve how practice is organised, and they have the potential to limit practice in terms of narrowing boundaries. The study also found competency frameworks could provide an structure to guide the development and evaluation of educational programmes.

Conclusion

Competency frameworks can be used so to target the development of new advanced nurse practitioners. They can address workforce development and governance by ensuring nurse practitioners have the competencies to provide safe, autonomous practice. Competency frameworks have been shown to ensure consistency in clinical practice skills underpinned with nurse practitioners' theoretical knowledge. They provide a clear development structure for career development and advanced practice. However, internationally, there is still a lack of definition of advanced practice and its core competencies.
From staff nurse to nurse consultant
Authors: Fowler John
Published: November 2016

John Fowler, independent education consultant, continues to explore the importance of leadership for clinically based nurses
The day unit: holistic care in action
Authors: Stone Ruth
Published: November 2016

Ruth Stone, a final year student at the University of East Anglia, reflects on her placement in a day unit, where she saw patients receive a wide range of support and care, from blood transfusions to singing sessions
Effectiveness of a pressure-relieving mattress in an acute stroke ward
Authors: Gleeson Deborah
Published: November 2016

Between the 10 May and 18 July 2016, St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust conducted a small, non-controlled evaluation set out to assess the performance of the Apex Pro-care Auto pressure-relieving mattress in an acute stroke ward. Seven patients, assessed as being at medium-to-high risk of developing a pressure ulcer (PU), were recruited into the evaluation; the mean age was 73.1 years. Three patients were bed bound and four had restricted mobility. The average length of time spent on the mattress was 31 days. At the end of the evaluation, none of the patients had developed a PU while using the mattress. These results indicate that, when combined with a robust PU prevention plan inclusive of repositioning, this pressure-relieving mattress is effective in preventing pressure ulceration.
The attainment gap in EYFS
Authors: Sobel Daniel
Published: November 2016

It is well known that the attainment gap starts to develop long before children arrive at school. But what can we do in the EYFS to tackle the problem early on? Daniel Sobel offers his reflections
The SEN Information Report
Authors: Freeman Garry
Published: November 2016

Schools are required to present a wealth of information on their websites and key among this is the SEN Information Report. Inclusion and SEN expert Garry Freeman advises
Getting the best out of your teaching assistants
Authors: McLean Colin
Published: November 2016

How do you get the best out of your teaching assistants? Colin McLean speaks to a Bristol primary headteacher about making your teaching assistants a key part of your school's success
Diagnosis and management of childhood asthma in primary care
Authors: Lo David , Gaillard Erol , Gaillard Brigitte , Bullous Louise
Published: November 2016

Diagnosing asthma in children is challenging, but information obtained from clinical history and objective lung function testing should help nurses determine probability and adopt a stepwise approach, write Dr David Lo, Dr Brigitte Gaillard, Louise Bullous and Dr Erol Gaillard
Changing public health priorities in sugar consumption
Authors: Patience Sara
Published: November 2016

After a change in terminology, Sara Patience reviews the advice to date and how it relates to nurses
Clear handwriting is essential to a nurse prescriber's duty of care
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: November 2016

Written prescriptions and record entries remain common practice for nurse prescribers. The problem with written prescriptions and records is the risk to patient safety caused by poor handwriting resulting in instructions and prescriptions that can be misread. In this article, Richard Griffith considers the duty of nurse prescribers to write clearly, and highlights the financial and human cost of poor handwriting.
Opioid-induced constipation: Pathophysiology, treatment and management
Authors: Bardsley Alison
Published: November 2016

Opioid analgesics are increasingly used to alleviate severe acute and chronic pain. Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is the most common side effect of opioid analgesia, which can have a significant effect on the person's quality of life and lead some to decrease or stop taking their analgesia. Although it is recommended that laxative therapy is commenced at the same time as opioid medication, many laxatives do not target the underlying cause of OIC and therefore may be ineffective. As with any patient with constipation, other causes should be identified and, where possible, modified to reduce the risk of OIC. Simple laxatives remain the first-line treatment, but their efficacy should be regularly reviewed. Newer opioid antagonist medication should be considered where simple laxatives are ineffective.
A light in dark places
Authors: Seager-Smith Lauren
Published: November 2016

As Anti-Bullying Week approaches, the amazing impact that teachers can have on their students is being shown via the Power for Good Award. Lauren Seager-Smith explains
Teaching them curiosity
Authors: Bawden Matt
Published: November 2016

Curiosity is a difficult skill to teach and perhaps harder still to harness and direct. Our resident character education expert, Matt Bawden, explores the nature and use of curiosity in education
Recifes de Coral de Profundidade: Corais Construtores e sua Distribuição no Brasil
Authors: Pires Débora de Oliveira , De Azambuja Seabra Nuno , Do Vale Cordeiro da Silva Joana
Published: November 2016

Deep-sea coral reefs and coral habitats are hotspots of biodiversity and provide numerous resources for fishing, bioprospecting and science. The deep-water coral reefs and coral aggregates were first discovered in locations off the coast of Norway, in 1865. The increase of commercial operations in deep waters, and the use of advanced technology in offshore areas have revealed the true scale of deep-sea coral ecosystems of Europe, until then virtually unknown. From the 1990’s, there was a considerable increase in the number of important scientific contributions on deep-sea coral habitats. So, today is known that the occurrence of coral reefs is not restricted to shallow waters of tropical and subtropical regions and that there are deep-sea coral reefs spread out of the world, including Brazil. The goal of this study was to indicate the existence of potential areas of deep-sea coral reefs/habitats along the Brazilian coast, from records of occurrence of coral reef builders species (Lophelia pertusa, Madrepora oculata, Solenosmilia variabilis, Dendrophyllia alternata and Enallopsammia rostrata). The examination of the records/specimens demonstrated an extensive and almost continuous latitudinal distribution of the coral species along the Brazilian coast. Fishing is the main cause of impact to deep-sea coral reefs in several regions of the world. For more than a decade the deep demersal fishing has been held in Brazil and the extent of the impact caused by fishing nets, used by the boats close to the reefs, is unknown. The data presented here provide a contribution not only to the scientific community, but also to the decision makers regarding the uses of areas of the Brazilian shelf and slope, which represent reservoirs of rich marine biodiversity.
The relationship between metacognitive awareness and online information searching strategies
Authors: Karaoğlan Yılmaz Fatma Gizem
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to look into the relationship between undergraduate students' metacognitive awareness (MA) and their online information searching strategies (OISS). Mixed method was used in the study. The participants involved 419 undergraduate students. The data in the study were collected using OISS Inventory, MA Inventory and student interview forms. The results indicate that students' level of MA and their OISS are developed. The results of correlation analysis reveal that there is a positive and significant level of relationship between OISS and MA variables at a medium level. When the qualitative findings are examined, it is seen that in planning process students mostly determine key words, and in monitoring and evaluation processes they compare the accessed information with searching goals. In the discussion section of the study, how MA could be used to improve students' OISS is discussed.
Teacher opinions about qualities of effective teaching
Authors: Bozkuş Kıvanç , Taştan Mustafa
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to determine both the importance order of qualities that effective teachers should have and differences between perceptions based on gender, branch and school types. Results indicated that the most important quality perceived by teachers was classroom management. Other qualities were respectively the planning of instruction, personality traits, instruction, and monitoring of student progress. Teachers did not spent enough effort to improve their qualities, and they did not care enough for pupils left behind of class. Classroom teachers attached more importance to classroom management than branch teachers. Researching of why teachers perceive classroom management as the most important quality rather than instruction, why they do not care for professional development and face to face interaction with pupils, and why classroom teachers attached more importance to classroom management than branch teachers are recommended. Also, it is suggested that the preparation and professional development activities of teachers should prioritize trainings of classroom management, instruction and monitoring of student progress.
The second grade English language curriculum: Theory-practice congruence
Authors: Kaya Suat , Ok Ahmet
Published: November 2016

This study aims to provide a deep understanding about English Language Education Program to English teachers, students, curriculum designers and decision makers in Turkey. Recently, the Turkish educational system has gone through a transition from the 8+4 educational model to the new 4+4+4 model, which has led to an immediate need for the redesign of current English Language curriculum. Regarding English language education, in particular, this new system mandated that English instruction should be implemented from the 2nd grade onward. In line with this, the purpose of this study is to conduct a survey research to find out whether the new program has been implemented as planned in terms of materials, activities, and teachers' expected roles using process part of Stufflebeam's CIPP evaluation model. A questionnaire including the standards of the curriculum has been administered to a group of teachers who have been teaching English at the primary schools. Through cluster sampling method, 62 teachers have been selected as the sample. The data have been analyzed through descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that some of the teachers' roles were not congruent with standards of the curriculum, audio-visual materials were not utilized adequately and communicative activities were not applied in accordance with curriculum standards.
Comparison between continuous and intermittent submaximal exercise at the intensity of maximal fat oxidation
Authors: İpekoğlu Gökhan , Balcı Şükrü Serdar
Published: November 2016

The aim of the study was to determine the rate of fat oxidation during continuous and intermittent acute endurance exercise. Eleven healthy untrained men participated in this study. Subjects performed Bruce protocol test on cycle ergometer to determine maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max).  The exercise intensity in which the highest fat oxidation rate occurs was determined in this exercise test for each subject. Oxygen uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide (VCO2) production during the exercises were followed by respiratory gas analyzer and whole-body fat oxidation was calculated by indirect calorimeter equations. Subjects performed 45min intermittent (IE) and continuous (CE) exercises in respiratory exchange ratio (RER) at intensity correspondent at the highest fat oxidation rate (Fat max). The peak fat oxidation rate was equal to 40.6% of maximum oxygen consumption of subjects. The changes occurring with time in fat (F=20.67) and carbohydrate (F=19.44) oxidation rates were statistically significant (P<0.01). However, the changes of fat and carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation with time did not show any statistically significant differences between the continuous and intermittent exercises (P>0.05). The results of the study indicate that the continuous and intermittent exercises performed at the exercise intensity ensuring maximum fat oxidation rate provide similar fat oxidation. Especially, for the individuals starting regular exercise applications newly, it can be said that similar positive results regarding fat oxidation can also be obtained by avoiding the insipidity of long lasting exercises and giving breaks.
Integration of controlled rough paths via fractional calculus
Authors: Ito Yu
Published: November 2016

We develop a fractional calculus approach to rough path analysis, introduced by Y. Hu and D. Nualart [6], and show that our integration can be generalized so that it is consistent with the rough path integration introduced by M. Gubinelli [5].