bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The nature and properties of some western Canada Clays
Authors: Brady J G
Published: April 2015

The relation of physical properties to mineralogical composition of five clays from Western Canada which have been used for production of structural clay products is discussed. The clays are from Sidney, Manitoba; Estevan, Saskatchewan; Eastend, Saskatchewan;
Alberta Cypress Hills, Alberta; and Surnas Mountain, British Columbia. It is shown that the Sidney and Estevan clays are heterogeneous mixtures consisting mainly of clay minerals, quartz, micaceous material, calcite, dolomite, and feldspar. As a result, these clays have low melting points and short
firing ranges. The Eastend, Alberta Cypress Hills and Sumas Mountain No. 9 clays are not as heterogeneous as the Sidney and Estevan Buff clays: kaolinite, quartz, and micaceous material are their principal constituents. Consequently, they are more refractory and have a longer firing range for
production of clay products than the Sidney and Estevan Buff clays. It is shown that montmorillonite increases the plasticity of clays but makes drying of clay products very difficult. Conversely, non-plastic ingredients such as quartz, feldspar and coarse mica decrea.se the plasticity. Kaolinite,
chlorite and illite are plastic ingredients. Clay materials, such as the Estevan Buff, which contain large quantities of calcite and dolomite usually have a short firing range and tend to produce a soft, porous fired product.
Circulating Inflammatory and Hemostatic Biomarkers are Associated with All-Cause Death and Cancer Death in a Population of Community-Dwelling Japanese: The Tanushimaru Study
Authors: Enomoto Mika , Adachi Hisashi , Fukami Ako , Yoshimura Ayako , Obuchi Aya , Nakamura Sachiko , Nohara Yume , Nakao Erika , Umeki Yoko , Hori Kensuke , Fukumoto Yoshihiro
Published: April 2015

Background

In patients with cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers are significant indicators of prognosis. We investigated whether circulating inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers were predictive markers for all-cause death and cancer death in a population of community-dwelling Japanese.

Methods

We studied 1,920 healthy Japanese adults who underwent health examinations in 1999. Those who reported a history of inflammatory diseases and malignancy on a baseline questionnaire were excluded. Inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers were measured in the remaining 1,862 participants, who were followed up periodically for 10 years. Multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate all-cause and cancer mortality.

Results

A total of 258 participants died during follow-up: 87 from cancer, 38 from cerebro-cardiovascular diseases, and 133 from other diseases. Mean C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at baseline were significantly higher in decedents than in survivors. Mean von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels at baseline were significantly higher in decedents than in survivors. The Cox proportional hazards model after adjustments for age and sex showed that CRP (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.51) and vWF (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.01) were independent predictors of all-cause death. CRP (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.06-1.86) and vWF (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02) were also independent predictive markers for cancer death.

Conclusions

Serum CRP and vWF were predictors of all-cause death and cancer death in the population of community dwelling Japanese.
Madariaga Virus Infection Associated with a Case of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Luciani Kathia , Abadía Iván , Martínez-Torres Alex O. , Cisneros Julio , Guerra Ilka , García Mariana , Estripeaut Dora , Carrera Jean-Paul
Published: April 2015

We present the first report of a pediatric case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) associated with Madariaga virus infection (MADV, Alphavirus, Togaviridae; formerly known as South American variants of eastern equine encephalitis virus [EEEV]) in a patient of the 2010 alphaviral epidemic reported in Panama. The patient was admitted to the Hospital del Niño in Panama City with suspected meningitis, exhibited with decreased alertness and disorientation in space and time, hemiparesis, and left Babinski sign. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit and treated with aciclovir and methylprednisolone. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed multiple hyperintense lesions at T2-weighted images (T2) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) on the cortical–subcortical level. Sera samples obtained on days 6 and 12 were immunoglobulin M (IgM) positive for MADV. The findings on the clinical and cerebrospinal analyses, rapid symptom progression as well as neuroimaging, and serologic studies support our diagnosis. Our results suggest that MADV should be included in the etiologic differential diagnosis of ADEM in endemic countries.
Humour and the Unacceptable in Neil Hamburger’s Routine
Authors: Derrin Daniel
Published: April 2015

This paper addresses the comic routine of Australian born U.S. comedian Gregg Turkington’s alter-ego, ‘Neil Hamburger’, from the perspective of Aristotle’s ancient conception of the risible as a species of the unacceptable, or the unseemly. In doing so, it explores two thresholds of acceptability, subjective and social, which are relevant to an understanding of Hamburger’s comic style. The paper argues that Hamburger’s style willfully violates those thresholds, risking the audience’s laughter, and yet working towards the visualization of a less normative kind of ‘unseemliness’ that underlies Hamburger’s politics: reverence for celebrity and the sacred.
The '419 Scam': An Unacceptable 'Power of the False'?
Authors: Scannell John
Published: April 2015

One of the more virulent manifestations of a burgeoning virtual world is the very physical waste that underwrites its proliferation. Illegal e-waste dumping in Western Africa not only wreaks havoc on the ecosystems of its destination countries, but also bolsters the arsenal of the "419 scammers" and 'data miners,' in turn. As the pernicious nature of such online fraud is protested by Western media, and the global economic inequalities that foster such deception is conveniently ignored, the material vestiges of Western privilege are unwittingly recycled into the war machines of the '419 scam.' Wilfully blind to the global conditions that perpetuate the fraud, '419'" vigilantes or 'scambaiters' take it upon themselves to hunt the scammers as a way of 'turning the tables' on their operations. An online sport steeped in colonial tradition, the redoubtable scambaiters proudly display their "trophy" catches on online forums such 419eater.com and 419baiter.com. In contradistinction to the issues of morality that pervade the commentary on methods of the 419 scammers and scambaiters alike, this paper will focus instead, on the multiple creative possibilities, that are actualised by these encounters. It is argued, that such exchanges, even in their current lamentable state, at least facilitate unforeseen connections between parts of the world that had never once spoken at all. That the successful facilitation of these scams, whether on the part of scammer or scambaiter, require a level of research into their respective subjects, that brings Africa and the West into an unprecedented 'intimacy,' Even if the outcomes are ultimately antagonistic, and the relations produced "false" ones, this paper asks whether they might be identified as the nascent stages of a more productive 'powers of the false.' to make use of a concept by philosopher, Gilles Deleuze. That the forgery and fantasy used to negotiate the scams might actually have the effect of furthering conversation about the global iniquity that inspire them in the first place.
Auditland
Authors: Murphie Andrew
Published: April 2015

Audit—the ongoing evaluation of performance—began as a fairly narrow range of technical procedures in financial accounting. However, it has now expanded its range to “account” for a wide range of behaviours, thoughts and feelings, in the workplace and elsewhere. This article suggests that audit cultures are a response to the “abyss of the differential”. This is the abyss faced when too much generative difference threatens established interests, and thus everything these interests control. Such interests often face a double bind, because they also rely on exploiting generative difference and are thus fully immersed in it. Audit is seen as a useful response to this double bind—to the abyss of the differential. Audit technics/cultures use a flexible series of ‘controls of controls’ (Power in Shore and Wright 2000: 73) that differentially declare what is (un)acceptable. They therefore both energise and bound what counts as performance, variably and across multiple contexts. Audit also links local and global, macro and micro, pragmatically, in a combination of instrumental and ‘operational reason’ (Massumi 2002: 110). It thus enables the creation and exchange of new forms of value and relations of production. It also enables the insertion of the micro-events of work or living into a global mnemotechnics—the external memory work done in the networks of global media (Stiegler 2003a). In all these contexts, audit’s technics include a powerful use of the ‘pseudo a priori’ (Stiegler 2003a). This allows audit to variably repurpose the significance of events—in terms of what is (un)acceptable—before, during and after their occurrence. Controlling events as it does, audit can thus be seen as an expression of fantasies of neofeudalism. These are fantasies of a social order arranged in terms of a new control by the few over the individual existential territories of the many, with a global territorial reach. These fantasies do not actually inaugurate a functioning neofeudal society, but they nevertheless have very real and often disastrous effects. Finally, the article suggests that audit and related technics/cultures are only partial and transitional technics/cultures. It suggests that a more effective if problematic society of direct control is emerging, yet this in part emerges with the assistance of audit technics/cultures.
On the derivation of particle nucleation rates from experimental formation rates
Authors: Kürten A. , Williamson C. , Almeida J. , Kirkby J. , Curtius J.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Particle formation rates are usually measured at sizes larger than the critical size at which nucleation occurs. Due to loss of particles during their growth to the detection threshold, the measured formation rate is often substantially lower than the nucleation rate. For this reason a correction needs to be applied in order to determine the nucleation rate from the measured formation rate. Analytical formulae for the correction factor are provided in the literature. However, these methods were derived for atmospheric nucleation measurements and therefore need to be adjusted in order to be applied to chamber nucleation studies. Here we propose an alternative, numerical method that allows precise nucleation rates to be determined in arbitrary experimental environments. The method requires knowledge of the particle size distribution above detection threshold, the particle growth rate, and the particle loss rates as a function of particle size. The effect of self-coagulation, i.e., cluster–cluster collisions, is taken into account in the method.
Performance evaluation of an all-fiber image-reject homodyne coherent Doppler wind lidar
Authors: Abari C. F. , Pedersen A. T. , Dellwik E. , Mann J.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the near-zero wind velocity measurement performance of two separate 1.5 μm all-fiber coherent Doppler lidars (CDL). The performance characterization is performed through the presentation of the results from two separate atmospheric field campaigns. In one campaign, a recently developed continuous wave (CW) CDL benefiting from an image-reject front-end was deployed. The other campaign utilized a different CW CDL, benefiting from a heterodyne receiver with intermediate frequency (IF) sampling. In both field campaigns the results are compared against a sonic anemometer, as the reference instrument. The measurements clearly show that the image-reject architecture results in more accurate measurements of radial wind velocities close to zero. Close-to-zero velocities are usually associated with the vertical component of the wind and are important to characterize.
Predicting the denitrification capacity of sandy aquifers from in situ measurements using push–pull 15N tracer tests
Authors: Eschenbach W. , Well R. , Walther W.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Knowledge about the spatial variability of in situ denitrification rates (Dr(in situ)) and their relation to the denitrification capacity in nitrate-contaminated aquifers is crucial to predict the development of groundwater quality. Therefore, 28 push–pull 15N tracer tests for the measurement of in situ denitrification rates were conducted in two sandy Pleistocene aquifers in northern Germany. The 15N analysis of denitrification-derived 15N-labelled N2 and N2O dissolved in water samples collected during the push–pull 15N tracer tests was performed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) in the lab and additionally for some tracer tests online in the field with a quadrupole membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS) in order to test the feasibility of on-site real-time 15N analysis. Aquifer material from the same locations and depths as the push–pull injection points was incubated, and the initial and cumulative denitrification after 1 year of incubation (Dcum(365)) as well as the stock of reduced compounds (SRC) was compared with in situ measurements of denitrification. This was done to derive transfer functions suitable to predict Dcum(365) and SRC from Dr(in situ). Dr(in situ) ranged from 0 to 51.5 μg N kg−1 d−1. Denitrification rates derived from on-site isotope analysis using MIMS satisfactorily coincided with laboratory analysis by conventional IRMS, thus proving the feasibility of in situ analysis. Dr(in situ) was significantly higher in the sulfidic zone of both aquifers compared to the zone of non-sulfidic aquifer material. Overall, regressions between the Dcum(365) and SRC of the tested aquifer material with Dr(in situ) exhibited only a modest linear correlation for the full data set. However, the predictability of Dcum(365) and SRC from Dr(in situ) data clearly increased for aquifer samples from the zone of NO3−-bearing groundwater. In the NO3−-free aquifer zone, a lag phase of denitrification after NO3− injections was observed, which confounded the relationship between reactive compounds and in situ denitrification activity. This finding was attributed to adaptation processes in the microbial community after NO3− injections. It was also demonstrated that the microbial community in the NO3−-free zone just below the NO3−-bearing zone can be adapted to denitrification by NO3− injections into wells for an extended period. In situ denitrification rates were 30 to 65 times higher after pre-conditioning with NO3−. Results from this study suggest that such pre-conditioning is crucial for the measurement of Dr(in situ) in deeper aquifer material from the NO3−-free groundwater zone and thus for the prediction of Dcum(365) and SRC from Dr(in situ).
Testing gridded land precipitation data and precipitation and runoff reanalyses (1982–2010) between 45° S and 45° N with normalised difference vegetation index data
Authors: Los S. O.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The realistic simulation of key components of the land-surface hydrological cycle – precipitation, runoff, evaporation and transpiration, in general circulation models of the atmosphere – is crucial to assess adverse weather impacts on environment and society. Here, gridded precipitation data from observations and precipitation and runoff fields from reanalyses were tested with satellite derived global vegetation index data for 1982–2010 and latitudes between 45° S and 45° N. Data were obtained from the Climate Research Unit (CRU), the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission (TRMM; analysed for 1998–2010 only) and precipitation and runoff reanalyses were obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the NASA Global Modelling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). Annual land-surface precipitation was converted to annual potential vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) and was compared to mean annual normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) data measured by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR; 1982–1999) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS; 2001–2010). The effect of spatial resolution on the agreement between NPP and NDVI was investigated as well. The CRU and TRMM derived NPP agreed most closely with the NDVI data. The GPCP data showed weaker spatial agreement, largely because of their lower spatial resolution, but similar temporal agreement. MERRA Land and ERA Interim precipitation reanalyses showed similar spatial agreement to the GPCP data and good temporal agreement in semi-arid regions of the Americas, Asia, Australia and southern Africa. The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis showed the lowest spatial agreement, which could only in part be explained by its lower spatial resolution. No reanalysis showed realistic interannual precipitation variations for northern tropical Africa. Inclusion of runoff in the NPP prediction resulted only in marginally better agreement for the MERRA Land reanalysis and slightly worse agreement for the NCEP/NCAR and ERA Interim reanalyses.
ECAP process improvement based on the design of rational inclined punch shapes for the acute-angled Segal 2θ-dies: CFD 2-D description of dead zone reduction
Authors: Perig A. V. , Golodenko N. N.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. This article is focused on a 2-D fluid dynamics description of punch shape geometry improvement for Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) or Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) of viscous incompressible continuum through acute-angled Segal 2θ-dies with 2θ < 90°. It has been shown both experimentally with physical simulation and theoretically with computational fluid dynamics that for the best efficiency under the stated conditions, the geometric condition required is for the taper angle 2θ0 of the inclined oblique punch to be equal to the 2θ angle between the inlet and outlet channels of the Segal 2θ-die. Experimentally and theoretically determined rational geometric condition for the ECAP punch shape is especially prominent and significant for ECAP through the acute angled Segal 2θ-dies. With the application of Navier-Stokes equations in curl transfer form it has been shown that for the stated conditions, the introduction of an oblique inclined 2θ0-punch results in dead zone area downsizing and macroscopic rotation reduction during ECAP of a viscous incompressible continuum. The derived results can be significant when applied to the improvement of ECAP processing of both metal and polymer materials through Segal 2θ-dies.
Water and Energy nexus: findings of the World Water Development Report 2014
Authors: Miletto M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are likely to include increased access to water and energy services. The fifth edition of the United Nations World Water Development Report (WWDR) Water and Energy aims to contribute to the this international process by informing the decision-making about the interlinkages, potential synergies and trade-offs as well as by stressing the need for appropriate responses and regulatory frameworks that account for both water and energy priorities. The Report provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the impacts of ever-increasing energy production on water resources and water users, including agriculture, rapidly expanding cities, expanding industry and the environment. It analyses major and emerging trends from around the world, with examples of how some of the trend-related challenges have been addressed, their implications for policy-makers, and further actions that can be taken by stakeholders and the international community. As the first of a new series of theme-oriented reports to be released on an annual basis, the WWDR 2014 marks a pivotal new direction for the WWDR series, for the World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP), and the many partner agencies that contribute substantially in the production of the flagship report of UN-Water.
Evolution of Ossoue Glacier (French Pyrenees) since the end of the Little Ice Age
Authors: Marti R. , Gascoin S. , Houet T. , Ribière O. , Laffly D. , Condom T. , Monnier S. , Schmutz M. , Camerlynck C. , Tihay J. P. , Soubeyroux J. M. , René P.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Long-term climate records are rare at high elevations in Southern Europe. Here, we reconstructed the evolution of Ossoue Glacier (42°46' N, 0.45 km2), located in the Pyrenees (3404 m a.s.l.), since the Little Ice Age (LIA). Glacier length, area, thickness and mass changes indicators were generated from historical datasets, topographic surveys, glaciological measurements (2001–2013), a GPR survey (2006) and stereoscopic satellite images (2013). The glacier has receded considerably since the end of the LIA, losing 40 % of its length and 60% of its area. Three periods of marked ice depletion can be identified: 1850–1890, 1928–1950 and 1983–2013, as well as two periods of stabilization or slightly growth: 1905–1928 and 1950–1983; these agree with climatic datasets (air temperature, precipitation, North Atlantic Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation). In the early 2000s, the area of the glacier dropped below 50% of its area at the end of the LIA. Geodetic mass balance measurements over 1983–2013 indicated −30.1 ± 1.7 m w.e. (−1 m w.e. yr−1) whereas glaciological mass balance measurements show −17.36 ± 2.9 m w.e. (−1.45 m w.e. yr−1) over 2001–2013, resulting in a doubling of the ablation rate in the last decade. In 2013 the maximum ice thickness was 59 ± 10.3 m. Assuming that the current ablation rate stays constant, Ossoue Glacier will disappear midway through the 21st century.
“A Formula for Freedom”:
Authors: Gessler Anne
Published: April 2015

This essay examines mid-twentieth-century cooperative organizing in New Orleans by tracing Socialist barber Henry Hermes's efforts to launch an interracial cooperative movement. Hermes fervently believed that public control over industry and government would revitalize democratic institutions and eradicate political repression, institutionalized racism, and corporate capitalism. Established in 1941 as a cooperative grocery store for working-class Freret Neighborhood residents, the Consumers' Co-operative Union (CCU) was the physical manifestation of Hermes's utopian vision. For more than twenty years, the CCU was a space for exchanging local and national ideas about economic cooperation, racial justice, and political reform. Indeed, Hermes depended on a far-reaching New Deal support network that transcended his neighborhood and bridged political, racial, gender, and class divides. However, this coalition disintegrated in the face of white flight, anti-Communist hysteria, and urban economic decline in the 1950s. I contend that while particular depression-era neighborhood politics nurtured the CCU, larger national economic, political, and cultural trends ultimately confounded the cooperative's ability to create sustained economic change in Freret.
Preface
Authors: Wohldmann Erica L.
Published: April 2015

Alice F. Healy received a PhD from The Rockefeller University in New York in 1973. That year, only 20% of all science doctorates were awarded to women, and the proportion of women employed in academic positions was only about 10% (“Wanted: Women in Research,” 2010, p. 267). She was one of the fortunate few, immediately joining the Department of Psychology at Yale University as an assistant professor, where just 5 years later she was promoted to associate professor. In 1981, Alice left Yale to join the Department of Psychology at the University of Colorado Boulder (CU), where she has been ever since.
Simultaneous Versus Sequential Presentation in Testing Recognition Memory for Faces
Authors: Finley Jason R. , Roediger Henry L. , Hughes Andrea D. , Wahlheim Christopher N. , Jacoby Larry L.
Published: April 2015

Three experiments examined the issue of whether faces could be better recognized in a simultaneous test format (2- alternative forced choice [2afc]) or a sequential test format (yes–no). all experiments showed that when target faces were present in the test, the simultaneous procedure led to superior performance (area under the roc curve), whether lures were high or low in similarity to the targets. However, when a target- absent condition was used in which no lures resembled the targets but the lures were similar to each other, the simultaneous procedure yielded higher false alarm rates (experiments 2 and 3) and worse overall performance (experiment 3). this pattern persisted even when we excluded responses that participants opted to withhold rather than volunteer. We conclude that for the basic recognition procedures used in these experiments, simultaneous presentation of alternatives (2afc) generally leads to better discriminability than does sequential presentation (yes–no) when a target is among the alternatives. However, our results also show that the opposite can occur when there is no target among the alternatives. an important future step is to see whether these patterns extend to more realistic eyewitness lineup procedures. the pictures used in the experiment are available online at http://www.press.uillinois.edu/journals/ajp/media/testing_recognition/.
From Healy’s Training Principles to Training Specifications: The Case of the Comprehensive LOFT
Authors: Barshi Immanuel
Published: April 2015

alice Healy has dedicated much of her work to questions of skill acquisition, retention, and transfer. in the process, she has come to identify numerous training principles that have been shown to promote the acquisition, retention, and transfer of knowledge and skills in laboratory studies. the goal of this article is to translate some of the training principles offered by Healy and her colleagues (Healy, Schneider, & Bourne, 2012) into real-world, practical training specifications for the particular context of pilot training at the airline level. The training approach described here suggests structuring all of airline pilot training as line-oriented flight training (loft), where the notion of “line” refers to the airline drawn on a map between a departure airport and a destination airport.
Salience, Perceptual Dimensions, and the Diversion of Attention
Authors: Kumar Kiran N. , Chandramouli Suyog H. , Shiffrin Richard M.
Published: April 2015

Parallel and automatic processing is evidenced in visual search by what is commonly called popout. an object of search (a target) that differs widely from all other display objects on some simple visual dimension is commonly called a singleton; an example is search for a red circle when all other displayed circles are green. a singleton attracts attention to the degree that it is salient, and highly salient singletons produce search that is almost independent of display size. the present research examines the way this attraction of attention can be diverted by the presence of singletons on 1 or 2 nontarget perceptual dimensions (e.g., search for a red circle among green ones, when one of the green circles is larger than the others, and another might be green but square). the results establish that distraction occurs rarely but strongly, that 2 distractors produce more distraction than 1, and that the degree of distraction depends not only on salience but also on dimension similarity. these findings occurred in 2 different tasks: the observer either reported the orientation of a Gabor embedded in the target or reported the presence and absence of the target.
Collecting the Show on the Road: Spotlight on Anna Mieszkowska and the Polish Cabaret Archive
Authors: Holmgren Beth
Published: April 2015

The article introduces and then gives a transcription of an interview with Anna Mieszkowska, an archivist at the Polish Academy of Sciences who specializes in collecting materials relating to Polish cabaret of the interwar and wartime era. The introduction justifies the historical and cultural importance of her work and outlines the materials housed in this unique archive and how they are organized. In the interview, Mieszkowska chronicles her efforts to document prewar and émigré cabaret. She began her research tentatively in the 1980s, despite the inattention given by Polish theater studies of that time to cabaret and official disapproval. Mieszkowska’s research and related travels became easier after the fall of communism, but more urgent due to the advancing age of surviving performers. The interview also touches on Mieszkowska’s personal engagement with her subjects and their surviving friends and family, the place of cabaret in Polish culture, and comparison of Polish cabaret traditions with those of other countries, ending with an appended list of significant cabaret artists.
Jan Karski: Personal Reflections on the Life of a Saint1
Authors: Szporer Michael
Published: April 2015

The author offers his thoughts and recollections of Jan Karski, the Polish courier best known for reporting on the Holocaust during World War II, based on a lengthy personal acquaintance. He describes Karski as a modest man, uncomfortable with being regarded as a hero and sobered by his wartime experiences as well as several personal misfortunes, his sobriety moderated by a characteristic dry wit. Although widely lionized now, he was not immune to criticism during his lifetime, including from within Polish American circles, and sometimes espoused political or historical positions that departed from the majority attitudes of the Polish diaspora. The author concludes that the enduring significance of his famous wartime mission was to force the world to pay attention to the annihilation of European Jews and to become, in effect, an advocate of justice for any and all stateless or underrepresented peoples.
Architecture as an Art of Understanding
Authors: Mizia Małgorzata
Published: April 2015

The article offers a reflection on architecture, noting its combination of aspects of pure art with those of craft and technology. This relationship and tension between beauty and aesthetics, on the one hand, and utilitarian requirements and hazards of wear and tear, on the other, are explored, primarily with reference to Polish examples. The author concludes that architecture is the “art of understanding” of the title because the architect is required to “translate” and reconcile the various factors of place, culture, aesthetics, technique, and material.
Performing/Understanding Poland: A Review EssayTeatra polskie: Rok katastrofy
Authors: Duda Artur
Published: April 2015

Dariusz Kosiński, Teatra polskie: Historie [Polish theaters: Histories] (Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN and Instytut Teatralny im. Zbigniewa Raszewskiego, 2010), 587 pp. ISBN 978-83-01-16264-1 Dariusz Kosiński, Teatra polskie: Rok katastrofy [Polish theaters: The year of the disaster] (Warsaw-Kraków: Instytut Teatralny im. Zbigniewa Raszewskiego and Wydawnictwo Znak, 2013), 408 pp. ISBN 978-83-240-2126-0 More than ten years ago, a strong performative tendency inspired by American and German researchers (e.g., Richard Schechner, Marvin Carlson, and Erika Fischer-Lichte) appeared in Polish theater studies. Some important scholarly conferences were held, several departments of performance studies were established at Polish universities, and quite a number of books on performance studies were published.
Polítiques d'ocupació a la UE: respostes nacionals i europea a la crisi
Authors: Molina Romo Óscar , Ibáñez Galcerán Zyab
Published: April 2015

L'objectiu d'aquest capítol és oferir en primer lloc un panorama de l'evolució de l'estratègia europea d'ocupació i la seva reformulació en el context de la crisi econòmica. En segon lloc, s'analitzen les polítiques d'ocupació d'alguns estats membres per fer front al nou context i la influència de les orientacions europees en aquestes. En un context de persistent diversitat institucional, també les polítiques han variat molt i s'han allunyat dels principis orientadors europeus.
Els salaris en la negociació col·lectiva a Catalunya
Authors: Rañé i Blasco Josep Maria
Published: April 2015

L'article analitza la negociació col·lectiva a la Comunitat Autònoma de Catalunya i com ha anat evolucionant en l'àmbit salarial. Posa de manifest els canvis que s'han succeït en els diversos períodes estudiats (2002-2006, 207-2008, 2009 i 2010-2011). Destaca com a dada rellevant el descens del percentatge de persones afectades pels convenis negociats durant el període 2010-2011 (cobertura del 78 % en 2010 i descens de deu punts fins al 68 % en 2011), i l'impacte de la reforma laboral aprovada pel govern del Partit Popular en 2012. Conclou que les dades disponibles a la fi de 2012 són molt reduïts i fan molt arriscat formular una projecció sobre quina serà la tendència salarial en el futur proper.
La igualtat d'oportunitats en la negociació col·lectiva. Un abans i un després de la reforma laboral de 2012
Authors: Chacartegui Jávega Consuelo
Published: April 2015

La reforma laboral aprovada pel govern del Partit Popular en 2012 ha suposat un important descens en l'adopció de plans d'igualtat en les empreses. L'article passa revista als continguts d'igualtat en la negociació col·lectiva que es van engegar com a conseqüència de l'impuls donat per l'aprovació de la Llei Orgànica 3/2007 per a la igualtat efectiva entre dones i homes, i explica quins són les diferents mesures adoptades per avançar en el camí de la igualtat (accions positives, eliminació de discriminacions indirectes, protocols contra l'assetjament, mesures de conciliació de la vida familiar i laboral, etc.). Conclou amb la necessitat de plantejar un canvi de rumb en la política laboral que permeti avançar cap a la senda de la igualtat efectiva entre dones i homes.
2012: La segona recessió
Authors: Recio Andreu Albert
Published: April 2015

El comportament del mercat laboral en 2012 presenta una sèrie de canvis significatius respecte a anteriors episodis de crisi. En 2012 ha tingut lloc una segona recessió que ha suposat la major destrucció d'ocupació des de 2009. Una destrucció d'ocupació que pot explicar-se, en part i de forma significant, per la política de retallades en despesa pública. L'atur ha continuat creixent però, a diferència d'anys anteriors, s'ha iniciat la caiguda dels actius, especialment important entre joves d’ambdós sexes i homes adults. Es constata així mateix una caiguda del percentatge d'aturats que rep algun tipus de prestació. Pel que fa a les condicions de l'ocupació es perceben dos processos contradictoris. Segueix reduint-se la taxa d'ocupacions temporals, en gran mesura per les retallades en l'ocupació pública, mentre creix la de les ocupacions assalariades a temps parcial i la subocupació. En conjunt mostra una greu deteriorament, qualitatiu i quantitatiu, de l'ocupació.
La potenciació dels mecanismes d'ordenació del temps de treball com a via per contenir la destrucció de l'ocupació
Authors: Pastor Martínez Alberto , Solà Monells Xavier
Published: April 2015

La Reforma Laboral de 2012 va augmentar de forma notable el marge de maniobra atorgat a l'empresari per incrementar o disminuir el volum d'hores inicialment contractat amb la finalitat d'adaptar-ho a les noves exigències del procés productiu. A aquest efecte, es van introduir diversos canvis en la regulació de la suspensió per causes empresarials que han disparat la seva utilització. Paral·lelament la Reforma Laboral suposa un increment de les possibilitats de distribució flexible de la jornada de treball des de la perspectiva empresarial. Aquest increment de la flexibilitat, en atenció a interessos empresarials, contrasta amb les majors limitacions que s'estableixen quan l'adequació persegueix la conciliació de la vida personal i familiar i el temps de treball.
National Cost Implications of Potential Long‐Term LCR Requirements
Authors: Slabaugh Rebecca M. , Arnold Roger B. , Chaparro Sean , Hill Christopher P.
Published: April 2015

Concerns that the current Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) may not adequately protect public health have prompted the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to consider restructuring existing monitoring requirements by targeting a redefined pool of high‐risk sites or altering the sampling protocol. Analysis of historical lead and copper monitoring data from 18 public water systems (PWSs) verified that a significant percentage of PWSs with lead service lines are likely to be affected by potential Long‐Term Lead and Copper Rule (LT‐LCR) revisions. Data were used to facilitate a national cost‐of‐compliance estimate for additional implementation of corrosion control treatment (CCT) necessary to comply with the LT‐LCR and potential unintended consequences associated with those treatment changes. Cost estimates presented here can be used by USEPA to shape the upcoming rule and also by PWSs to assess potential costs associated with optimizing CCT for LT‐LCR compliance.
No‐Lead Brass Service Valve Performance in Colorado River Water
Authors: McNaught Holly , Trenholm Rebecca , Claassen Dale , Scott Charles , Kodweis Greg , Vanderford Brett J. , Rexing Dave , Wert Eric C.
Published: April 2015

In accordance with the Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act, no‐lead (<0.25%) brass service valves must now be installed for new connections or as replacements throughout distribution systems. In this study, no‐ and low‐lead (<8%) red brass corporation stops and angle‐meter service valves were evaluated for 10 months using a flow‐through pipe rig with treated Colorado River water. In both no‐ and low‐lead valves, the fraction of tin increased from a minor (<10%) to a major (>40%) element on the wetted interior surface. Corrosion changes were consistent across valve and material types, except for the formation of a white precipitate of lead on the external surface of low‐lead angle‐meter valves and nonwetted fittings. Copper enrichment from potential dezincification was identified in the pack joint fitting crevice of the angle‐meter valves. Changing to no‐lead brass is not anticipated to result in increased service valve failure rates.
Palmitoylation of LIM Kinase-1 ensures spine-specific actin polymerization and morphological plasticity
Authors: George Joju , Soares Cary , Montersino Audrey , Beique Jean-Claude , Thomas Gareth M
Published: April 2015

Precise regulation of the dendritic spine actin cytoskeleton is critical for neurodevelopment and neuronal plasticity, but how neurons spatially control actin dynamics is not well defined. Here, we identify direct palmitoylation of the actin regulator LIM kinase-1 (LIMK1) as a novel mechanism to control spine-specific actin dynamics. A conserved palmitoyl-motif is necessary and sufficient to target LIMK1 to spines and to anchor LIMK1 in spines. ShRNA knockdown/rescue experiments reveal that LIMK1 palmitoylation is essential for normal spine actin polymerization, for spine-specific structural plasticity and for long-term spine stability. Palmitoylation is critical for LIMK1 function because this modification not only controls LIMK1 targeting, but is also essential for LIMK1 activation by its membrane-localized upstream activator PAK. These novel roles for palmitoylation in the spatial control of actin dynamics and kinase signaling provide new insights into structural plasticity mechanisms and strengthen links between dendritic spine impairments and neuropathological conditions.
The Single Graduate Medical Education Accreditation System
Authors: Buser Boyd R. , Swartwout James , Gross Cheryl , Biszewski Maura
Published: April 2015

In 2014, the American Osteopathic Association, the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education signed a historic Memorandum of Understanding, which creates a single accreditation system for graduate medical education. The present article outlines the history of the agreement and the 5-year transition process, which begins July 1, 2015, and ends June 30, 2020. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2015;115(4):251-255 doi:10.7556/jaoa.2015.049
Osteopathic Postdoctoral Training Institutions' 2014 Annual Report
Authors: Biszewski Maura , Ball Pamela
Published: April 2015

In 2013, the Board of Trustees of the American Osteopathic Association approved the new mission and vision statements of osteopathic postdoctoral training institutions (OPTIs) to ensure that OPTIs were operating effectively as academic sponsors of osteopathic graduate medical education. Since then, OPTIs have made substantial strides in meeting and exceeding the new mandates. The authors discuss the revised OPTI accreditation standards, the OPTI annual report, and recent activities. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2015;115(4):256-264 doi:10.7556/jaoa.2015.050
Re-straightening the story of Streblus brunonianus and S. pendulinus (Moraceae)
Authors: Conn Barry John
Published: April 2015

The current broad-species concept applied to Streblus pendulinus (Endl.) F.Muell. is regarded as not useful taxonomically, and so the narrower, original circumscription is applied here to refer only to the plants restricted to Norfolk Island. The plants previously referred to as S. pendulinus in the Mariana Islands, Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, south-western and southern Pacific, and Hawai′i are treated as the widespread S. brunonianus (Endl.) F.Muell. Comparative morphological characters for distinguishing these two species are discussed.
External Repeat Dacryocystorhinostomy with Modified Silicone Intubation for Failed DCR: Analysis of Efficacy and Patient Tolerability
Authors: Subudhi Praveen , Datta Dipankar , Namperumalsamy P
Published: April 2015

Aim of the Study :

To describe a novel and alternative method of stent placement for failed dacryocystorhinistomy(DCR).

Methodology :

A retrospective analysis of 40 non consecutive cases of failed DCR underwent repeat DCR with modified silicone intubation. Here each arm of the lacrimal intubation tube was introduced through the canaliculi, and these arms were anchored to a large bore silicone tube at the level of the internal ostium. This large bore silicone tube was freely suspended in the nose through the internal ostium. The whole complex was kept in situ for a period of 6 months. Nasal endoscopy was performed after removal of stent.

Results:

The mean age group was 51 years (27-73 years). Sex ratio showed female preponderance (70%). The mean duration of follow up was 9.30 months (2.8 -18 months), and the mean period of stent removal was 7.08 months (2.5 -12.3 months). The outcome of this procedure showed that 95% of cases had patent lacrimal passage. Two cases had some form of punctal split. There were no cases of epistaxis or granuloma formation. Mean area of internal ostium after stent removal was 28.67 mm2 (SD 4.65).

Conclusion:

Re DCR has high risk of osteotomy closure, hence this modified technique can be considered as an alternative to standard intubation technique with optimum results.
Primary Cilio-Choroidal Lymphoma with Epibulbar Extension
Authors: Mazumdar Shahana , Sridhar Uma , Sardana Tushar , Saini Gagan
Published: April 2015

Primary intraocular lymphomas are rare malignancies and maybe either primary vitreoretinal lymphomas or primary uveal lymphomas. Though primary vitreoretinal lymphomas are increasingly being recognized, primary uveal lymphomas remain a very rare entity. Amongst the primary uveal lymphomas, choroidal lymphomas are the commonest, followed by iris lymphomas and the least commonly reported are primary ciliary body lymphomas with only a couple of case reports.1,2 The ciliary body involvement is more commonly secondary to iridal or choroidal lymphomas.3-5 We are reporting one such rare case of primary uveal lymphoma involving mainly the ciliary body with choroidal and epibulbar extension. This diagnosis was possible with the use of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and episcleral biopsy. The patient underwent Image Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT) with complete regression of the tumor and no recurrence or systemic lymphoma 2 years post treatment. It is important to recognize this entity as it can mimic conditions with graver prognosis such as a melanoma. Primary uveal lymphomas have a more benign course and respond dramatically to radiotherapy.
Triple Therapy Management of Macular Telangiectasia
Authors: Nasti Hammad Rashid , Vig Vipan , Dhawan Bodhraj , Kaur Taranpreet
Published: April 2015

We report the case of a 65 year old lady presenting with sudden diminution of vision in her right eye (RE) with the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) being counting fingers at 1 metre. Complete ocular examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a sub-macular hemorrhage (SMH) in her RE. She was treated with a triple therapy consisting of intra vitreal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), bevacizumab and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas tamponade. At one month into follow up, her SMH had resolved. At this point fluorescein angiography and OCT revealed a subretinal neovascular membrane in the RE and decreased foveal thickness in both eyes. This led to the diagnosis of Stage 5 macular telangiectasis in the right eye and Stage 1 macular telangiectasis in the left eye (LE). She received another intra vitreal injection of bevacizumab. At 3 months follow up her BCVA is 20/40, N6 in the right eye signifying the efficacy of prompt use of triple therapy in cases of sub-macular hemorrhage where an underlying neovascular membrane is suspected as a cause.
Plastics, General Survey, 2. Production of Polymers and Plastics
Authors: Elias Hans‐Georg , Mülhaupt Rolf
Published: April 2015

The article contains sections titled:1.Polymer Manufacture1.1.Raw Materials1.1.1.Wood1.1.2.Coal1.1.3.Natural Gas and Fracking1.1.4.Petroleum1.1.5.Other Renewable Resources and Biorefineries1.2.Polymer Syntheses: Overview1.2.1.Classifications1.2.2.Functionality1.2.3.Cyclopolymerizations1.3.Chain‐Growth Polymerization1.3.1.Thermodynamics1.3.2.Free‐Radical Polymerizations1.3.3.Anionic Polymerizations1.3.4.Cationic Polymerizations1.3.5.Ziegler–Natta, ROMP and ADMET Catalysis1.3.6.Copolymerizations1.4.Polycondensations and Polyadditions1.4.1.Bifunctional Polycondensations1.4.2.Multifunctional Polycondensations and Hyperbranched Polymers1.4.3.Polyaddition1.5.Polymer Reactions1.5.1.Polymer Transformations1.5.2.Block and Graft Formations1.5.3.Cross‐Linking Reactions1.5.4.Degradation Reactions2.Plastics Manufacture2.1.Homogenization and Compounding2.2.Additives2.2.1.Overview2.2.2.Chemofunctional Additives2.2.3.Processing Aids2.2.4.Extending and Functional Fillers2.2.5.Plasticizers2.2.6.Colorants2.2.7.Blowing Agents2.3.Processing
Toward an environmental Internet of Things
Authors: Hart Jane K. , Martinez Kirk
Published: April 2015

The Internet of Things is a term which has emerged to describe the increase of Internet connectivity of everyday objects. While wireless sensor networks have developed highly energy efficient designs they need a step change in their interoperability and usability to become essential tools in the study of our environment. This paper shows how Internet of Things (IoT) can be seen as a natural evolution of environmental sensing systems. We discuss the different styles and examples of IoT systems and illustrate the key technical challenges ahead. We describe a future connected world and discuss the role of environmental and Earth science sensing, web, and Internet technologies.