bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARHGEF10 directs the localization of Rab8 to Rab6-positive executive vesicles
Authors: Shibata Satoshi , Kawanai Tsubasa , Hara Takayuki , Yamamoto Asuka , Chaya Taro , Tokuhara Yasunori , Tsuji Chinami , Sakai Manabu , Tachibana Taro , Inagaki Shinobu
Published: August 2016

The function of ARHGEF10, a known guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA with proposed roles in various diseases, is poorly understood. To understand the precise function of this protein, we raised a monoclonal antibody against ARHGEF10 and determined its localization in HeLa cells. ARHGEF10 was found to localize to vesicles containing Rab6 (of which there are three isoforms, Rab6a, Rab6b and Rab6c), Rab8 (of which there are two isoforms, Rab8a and Rab8b), and/or the secretion marker neuropeptide Y (NPY)–Venus in a Rab6-dependent manner. These vesicles were known to originate from the Golgi and contain secreted or membrane proteins. Ectopic expression of an N-terminal-truncated ARHGEF10 mutant led to the generation of large vesicle-like structures containing both Rab6 and Rab8. Additionally, small interfering (si)RNA-mediated knockdown of ARHGEF10 impaired the localization of Rab8 to these exocytotic vesicles. Furthermore, the invasiveness of MDA-MB231 cells was markedly decreased by knockdown of ARHGEF10, as well as of Rab8. From these results, we propose that ARHGEF10 acts in exocytosis and tumor invasion in a Rab8-dependent manner.
PrP-containing aggresomes are cytosolic components of an ER quality control mechanism
Authors: Dubnikov Tatyana , Ben-Gedalya Tziona , Reiner Robert , Hoepfner Dominic , Cabral Wayne A. , Marini Joan C. , Cohen Ehud
Published: August 2016

Limited detoxification capacity often directs aggregation-prone, potentially hazardous, misfolded proteins to be deposited in designated cytosolic compartments known as ‘aggresomes’. The roles of aggresomes as cellular quality control centers, and the cellular origin of the deposits contained within these structures, remain to be characterized. Here, we utilized the observation that the prion protein (PrP, also known as PRNP) accumulates in aggresomes following the inhibition of folding chaperones, members of the cyclophilin family, to address these questions. We found that misfolded PrP molecules must pass through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in order to be deposited in aggresomes, that the Golgi plays no role in this process and that cytosolic PrP species are not deposited in pre-existing aggresomes. Prior to their deposition in the aggresome, PrP molecules lose the ER localization signal and have to acquire a GPI anchor. Our discoveries indicate that PrP aggresomes are cytosolic overflow deposition centers for the ER quality control mechanisms and highlight the importance of these structures for the maintenance of protein homeostasis within the ER.
The microtubule-binding and coiled-coil domains of Kid are required to turn off the polar ejection force at anaphase
Authors: Soeda Shou , Yamada-Nomoto Kaori , Ohsugi Miho
Published: August 2016

Mitotic chromosomes move dynamically along the spindle microtubules using the forces generated by motor proteins such as chromokinesin Kid (also known as KIF22). Kid generates a polar ejection force and contributes to alignment of the chromosome arms during prometaphase and metaphase, whereas during anaphase, Kid contributes to chromosome compaction. How Kid is regulated and how this regulation is important for chromosome dynamics remains unclear. Here, we address these questions by expressing mutant forms of Kid in Kid-deficient cells. We demonstrate that Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of Thr463 is required to generate the polar ejection force on Kid-binding chromosomes, whereas dephosphorylation of Thr463 prevents generation of the ejection force on such chromosomes. In addition to activation of the second microtubule-binding domain through dephosphorylation of Thr463, the coiled-coil domain is essential in suspending generation of the polar ejection force, preventing separated chromosomes from becoming recongressed during anaphase. We propose that phosphorylation of Thr463 switches the mitotic chromosome movement from an anti-poleward direction to a poleward direction by converting the Kid functional mode from polar-ejection-force-ON to -OFF during the metaphase–anaphase transition, and that both the second microtubule-binding domain and the coiled-coil domain are involved in this switching process.
MONITORING OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT ENTOMOCOMPLEXES IN FOREST-STEPPE OF SAMARA AREA
Authors: Каплин  , Kaplin Vladimir
Published: August 2016

The purpose of researches is to study the effect of non-pesticidal pest against the background of soft winter wheat cultivation for seasonal dynamics of composition and abundance of pests and their entomophages in the conditions of Samara Region forest-steppe. Insects was collected with an entomological net for 10-50 flaps in triple repeated in autumn and spring-summer periods of wheat vegetation. In the conditions of the non-use of insecticides of entomocomplexes included insects-phytophagous which are potential vectors of viruses, phytoplasmas; suctorial and gnawing phytofagous; insects are developing inwardly wheat stems; entomophagous. Entomophagous regulating the density of phytophagous were represented by predators and parasites. In 2012-2013 main vector of phytoplasmas (Psammotettix striatus) and insects are developing inwardly wheat stems (Oscinella pusilla, O. frit, Delia platura) had a high density in the autumn period in the stage of wheat seedling growth and in spring in the stage of stem elongation. In 2013-2014 the density of any pests were not reached economic threshold values.
THE AGROPHYTOCENOSIS FORMATION OF EXTENDING THE LONGEVITY GRASS PRODUCTIVE WITH EAST GALENA OFFICINALIS L. B Y VARIOUS METHODS
Authors: Васина  , Vasina Aleksandra , Карлова  , Karlova Irina , Васин  , Vasin Vasiliy , Чугунов  , Chugunov Viktor
Published: August 2016

The purpose of researches is development of old-age grass with Central Volga area East Galena Officinalis L. productive longevity extension methods. Results of researches for 2013-2015 with an assessment of structure factor of harvest, dynamics of accumulation of green material, nonvolatile solid, to the photosynthetic potential of a East goat’s rue are given in article. Entered three-factor experiment in studying of formation of an agrophytocenoses on extension of productive longevity of herbage: options of processing of the soil loosening on 35-38 cm, loosening on 14-16 cm with a disking on 4-6 cm, a disking on 4-6 cm (factor A); application of fertilizers of N48P48K48 and N32P32K32 (factor B) and costrets subsowing (factor C). By researches it is revealed that at a revenascence all options had quite good results, application of fertilizers substantially increased the number of escapes of East Galena Officinalis L. on average on 19.5-21.4 pieces/sq.m, on option of 1999 of crops their maximum was received by 307 pieces/sq.m ,grass productivity in 1999 of crops was much better, than in 1992. But both grasses had top yield of 4-6 cm, with costrets subsowing and increase in a mineral delivery of 11.7-12.1 t/ha. Photosynthetic potential during branching the most maximal in all studied options, but at budding it goes down almost on a half that is characteristic of long-term herbs. Results of the conducted researches allow to draw a conclusion on what type of reception of processing can be carried out in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Central Volga Area.
THE EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION OF NUTRIENTS AND ENERGY OF BLACK-MOTLEY BREED
Authors: Долженкова  , Dolzhenkova Galina , Галиева  , Galieva Zulfiya
Published: August 2016

The purpose of the research is improving the efficiency of energy utilization of diets for Black-motley breed bull-calves through the use of probiotic drug Biogaran.The experiment was conducted in SPK-collective farm «Heroi» Chekmagushevsky district in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Group formation was carried out according to the principle of analogues taking into account breed, sex, age and body weight. 4 groups were formed of 6-month-old bull-calves of Black-motley breed and control (I) and 3 experimental (II, III and IV) for 15 heads each. In the diets of young II, III and IV groups in addition to the basic diet were injected with 3.5 g; 7.0 and 10.0 g of probiotic feed additive Biodarin per 1 kg of concentrated feed. Animals treated with the drug at a dose of 7.0 g/kg of concentrated feed, in comparison with their peers of the control group better digested dry matter by 1,64% (P<0.01), organic – 1,25% (P<0.05), crude protein – 2.97% (P<0.05), crude fiber – 1,53% (P<0.05) and BEV – 2.64% (P<0.05). Using in feed rations of large horned livestock young growth feed additive «Biodarin» has positive effect for energy metabolism: energy interchancing increased by 1.02-1.79 per cent, the energy gain is increased by 10.96-of 19.72%.
MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF PIGS DEPENDING ON CATTLE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Долженкова  , Dolzhenkova Galina , Галиева  , Galieva Zulfiya
Published: August 2016

The purpose of the study is to identify the best pigs hygienic conditions through the effective functioning of the systems provide controlled microclimate in the buildings. Comparative evaluation of fattening and meat qualities of pigs depending on hygienic conditions of detention were held in Meleuz (group 1), Belebeevsky (group 2) and Ilichesky (group 3) pig farms of LLC «Bashkir bacon». To conduct research in these enterprises on the principle of analogues with regard to origin, age and live weight were formed the experimental group of weaned piglets of Large white breed 25 heads. The studies were conducted at identical feed the background with the use of full-feed in a stack according to the age and breeding programs. In all groups feed was used the same batch of manufacture. The feed consumption was determined according to the group based on the actual amount of feed consumed during the period of fattening. Studies have shown that zoo-hygienic conditions of breeding and fattening to a certain extent, affect not only the intensity of increase in live weight, but also on fattening and meat quality of pigs. It was found that the identified zoohygienic parameters do not have a significant negative impact for the hygienic characteristics of raw meat. The results of author´s research as well as recommendations developed on the basis of the conducted research, adopted for implementation in the units of LLC «Bashkir bacon». The data below show that the index of massiveness that reflect the main feature of the habitus, in pigs of group I was higher than in group II at 2.0% and III – by 3.7%.
DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING STOCK CONDITION IN REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN
Authors: Гизатуллин  , Gizatullin Rinat , Седых  , Sedykh Tatyana
Published: August 2016

The main goal of the research is increasing the productivity of the breeding stock and bulls for herd reproduction. Evaluation of dairy cattle building was carried out on the basis of the appraisal for 2012-2014, statistical compilations, data certification and reproduction departments and intensification of animal MOA Belarus, JSC «Bashkir» in breeding, GUSP «Bashplemservis» PG SLC «Ufa», according to the records, according to the farms of the republic. The studies found that the proportion of breeding cattle in the Republic of Bashkortostan of the total number of cows is 18% of the productivity level for the black-motley breed of 5696 kg, Holstein – 6630 kg Simmental – 4834-4716 kg and Bestuzhev. Under these circumstances, production of milk is one of the main objectives and preserve and improve the productive qualities of Simmental and Bestuzhev cattle as the most adapted to the climatic and forage conditions of the region through within-breeding and cross-breeding Simmental cattle with red motley Holstein, Bestuzhev – with Angler and red Danish rock. Available in the national reserve of bulls steer Bank in general is characterized by high productivity potential of female ancestors, which only 60-70% is realized in the current conditions of commodity production. Bulls fathers steer used in GUSP «Bashplemservis» are absolute improvers, and used in more than 50 countries.
THE EFFECT OF THE HEIGHT AT THE RUMP ON A LIVE WEIGHT AND AVERAGE DAILY GAINS
Authors: Хакимов  , Khakimov Ismagil , Живалбаева  , Zhivalbaeva Almagul
Published: August 2016

The purpose of the study – improvement of breeding and productive qualities of Hereford cattle by insemination bulls form the canadian selection. It is established that in young Hereford beef cattle between live weight and height at the sacrum and between the height at the sacrum and average daily gains there are mainly medium and high positive correlation (from 0.35 to 0.73) . Regression analysis has shown that the change in height in the sacrum on 1 cm, causes the increase of live weight of animals from 1.55 kg in animals of different lines and produktivity gain of calves from 7.67 g to amounted to 23.87g. The highest coefficient of the time average correlation coefficient of between the height at sacrum and live weight setlen in the group of heifers, obtained a bull from the absolute 49S, and the highest co-factor regression between these two traits in heifers obtained from a bull of a Wide Load 391W. The same trend holds when comparing groups correlation coefficient and regression between the height at the sacrum and average daily gain. It is noted that calves of all groups are well adapted to local conditions, and have high gain.
Is “Human Being” a Moral Concept?
Authors: MacLean Douglas
Published: August 2016

Is “human being” a moral concept? I believe it is, which makes me a speciesist. Speciesism violates a moral principle of equality. Peter Singer defines it as “a prejudice or attitude of bias toward the interests of members of one’s own species and against those of members of other species.” He compares it to racism. My goal in this essay is to defend a speciesist attitude or outlook on morality.
Ethics and Poverty Tours
Authors: Selinger Evan
Published: August 2016

Poorismorganized tours that bring predominantly middle and upper class people to impoverished regionsis growing in popularity, touted by its supporters as conscientious consumerism. Evan Selinger examines the arguments of poorisms advocates (it raises awareness of global suffering and provides needed funds to eliminate poverty) and of its detractors (both the intentions behind poorism and the consequences following from it can be morally problematic). Heconcludes that this kind of privileged voyeurism is at best a morally complex endeavor.
Appendiceal intussusception from endometriosis: endoscopic and laparoscopic approach
Authors: Birriel TJ , Smith E , Eyvazzadeh D
Published: August 2016

Appendiceal intussusception is an rare diagnosis that may be found on imaging or at the time of surgery, as seen in this case of a 33-year-old female presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms. Images are presented with differential diagnosis as well as treatment options.
Bilateral adrenalectomy: a review of 10 years’ experience
Authors: Maccora D , Walls GV , Sadler GP , Mihai R
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION

The 2012 British Association of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgeons audit report showed that only 86 of 1359 patients who underwent adrenalectomy had a bilateral operation; thus the experience with this procedure remains limited.

METHODS

Retrospective review of patients undergoing bilateral adrenalectomy in a tertiary referral centre.

RESULTS

Between November 2005 and January 2016, bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in 23 patients (6 male, 17 female, age 43 ± 4 years) diagnosed with Cushing’s disease (n = 13), hereditary phaeochromocytomas (n = 6), adrenocortical cancer (n = 2), colorectal metastatic disease (n = 1) and adrenocortical adenomas (n = 1). A laparoscopic transperitoneal approach was used in 17 patients, with one conversion to open. Three patients had open adrenalectomies for adrenocortical cancer and for simultaneous phaeochromocytomas and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours in a patient with Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Three patients with Cushing’s had a bilateral retroperitoneoscopic operation. The mean operating time was 195 ± 16 minutes for laparoscopic operations (n = 16), 243 ± 44 minutes for open adrenalectomies (n = 4) and 151 ± 12 minutes for retroperitoneal operations. It was significantly shorter for Cushing’s disease than for phaeochromocytomas (162 ± 8 vs. 257 ± 39 minutes, P < 0.01). Median length of hospital stay was 5 days. Postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification) included one chest infection (level 2), one postoperative haemorrhage and two chest drains for pneumothorax (level 3), two postoperative cardiac arrests (level 4) and one late cancer death from complications related to uncontrolled hypercortisolism (level 5).

DISCUSSION

Synchronous bilateral adrenalectomy remains an infrequent operation. The laparoscopic approach is feasible in the majority of patients. It is likely that the retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy will become the standard approach for bilateral operations.
Close genetic connectivity of soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum in Indonesia and its implication for marine protected area
Authors: Kusuma Aradea Bujana , Bengen Dietrich Geoffrey , Madduppa Hawis , Subhan Beginer , Arafat Dondy , Negara Bertoka Fajar S.P.
Published: August 2016

The genetic connectivity of soft coral is influenced by current and distance between islands. The complexity of islands and geographical region in Indonesia might influence the distribution of soft corals.  The information of genetic connectivity can be used to design marine protected areas and to avoid destruction and possible extinction. The objective of the present study was to analyze genetic connectivity of one species of soft coral, Sarcophyton trocheliophorum, in three populations spanning Java, Nusa Tenggara, and Sulawesi’s waters, and to describe its implication for marine protected area. The mitochondrial protein-coding gene (750 bp of ND2) was used to analyze genetic population structure and genetic connectivity. Genetic connectivity was found in all populations with Fst value of 0.227 to 0.558, indicating populations had the close genetic relationship. The local and Indonesian currents were expected to distribute the larva to islands as a stepping stone, they moved slowly to spread them self far away. Tanakeke island (Sulawesi population) might be a center connectivity of S. trocheliophorum populations. This island connected with islands in west and east Indonesia, therefore that area need to protect
‘The Water, The Onion, The Slow March of the Stars’: Roberto Bolaño and the secret story
Authors: Glass Rodge
Published: August 2016

To talk of the transnational is to accept that borders – the skipping over them in life and on the page – is a messy business. It’s understandable that writers such as Roberto Bolaño, usually labelled ‘a Chilean exiled to Mexico’, shouldn’t be included in discussions of contemporary European short fiction. Understandable, but not inevitable. Bolaño left Chile at 15, only returning briefly post-Pinochet before ‘co-founding a Surrealist-influenced, anti-status-quo school’ of writers in Mexico. It wasn’t until Bolaño got clean, got married and settled down in Europe (he moved there in 1977) that he produced the prose which is now his legacy. This article argues that aside from the European novellas (Antwerp, Monsieur Pain), there are five key collections which deserve to be included in European literary discussions, having been composed in Europe and having gone on to make Bolaño’s name. They have also served to move the form forward in the continent he made his home: Bolaño was responding largely to a European tradition. He wouldn’t limit himself to one continent – as Kerr puts it, Bolaño had ‘a deep scepticism about national feeling, and it has been said that his work starts to point the way to a kind of post-national fiction’ – but there’s no doubt that for 25 years, Bolaño was essentially a European with a transnational outlook. For these reasons and others, I argue for Bolaño’s inclusion in European short fiction discourse.
Reviews
Authors: Coleman Philip , Delaney Paul
Published: August 2016

A Kind of Compass: Stories on Distance, Belinda McKeon (ed.) (2015) Dublin: Tramp Press, 246 pp., €15/£12/$14.95, ISBN-13: 978-0992817053, paperback

The Irish Short Story: Traditions and Trends, Elke D’Hoker and Stephanie Eggermont (eds) (2015) Oxford: Peter Lang, 322 pp., ISBN 978-3-0343-1753-5, paperback
The Childhood of Jesus by J. M. Coetzee: When transnational short fiction travels from utopian transcape to dystopian globalscape
Authors: Fortin-Tournès Anne-Laure
Published: August 2016

The Childhood of Jesus is a novella by J. M. Coetzee that poses as an allegory of Jesus’ early life, to better ponder over wider social issues pertaining to the possibility of welcoming and caring for the other. The lens used by Coetzee to apprehend his favourite topic is that of the utopian versus the dystopian nature of a community where differences have seemingly been erased and individual needs have become insignificant. Two contrapuntal discourses are woven in the text: on the one hand, the nameless country where the two main characters take refuge appears as an allegory of a benign communal society where everybody’s basic needs are provided for, and, on the other hand, the systematic smoothing out of every possible desire cannot fail to carry some ominous undertones. What the society that welcomes the main protagonists seeks to expel either pertains to bodily needs or to the exercise of a critical mind. Characteristically enough, Coetzee does not make clear whether the reader should opt for the utopian or the dystopian grid of reading his novel, which may strike us as an allegory of our own condition in an anaesthesized globalized world. The forceful impact of this short text undoubtedly lies with its own paucity of definite answers given to the reader’s interrogations, so that she is made to revisit her own ideological assumptions. This article will attempt to show that this definite lack of allegorical clarity allows for a revisiting of both the fictional and the allegorical modes in Coetzee’s novel, which paves the way for a deeper understanding of the self/other relation in a transnational context.
The ‘Wretched of the Earth’ – then and now
Authors: Majumdar Margaret A.
Published: August 2016

This article deals with the importance of the thinking of Frantz Fanon, as a theorist of the Algerian revolution and the wider national liberation movement worldwide. It highlights his radically different perspective on questions of race, nation and culture, founded on the basic premise of the alienation produced by colonialism and the ways in which it might be overcome, notably his notion of redemptive violence. It assesses his focus on the ‘wretched of the earth’ and the resonance that this had with many contemporary movements fighting against racism and colonial exploitation during the 1960s and 1970s. It ends with a look at his ongoing influence and continuing relevance today.
Swahili-tongued devils: Kenya’s heavy metal at the crossroads of identity
Authors: Banchs Edward
Published: August 2016

With an interested global audience noting the rise of rock and heavy metal throughout Africa, Internet-savvy Kenyan musicians have taken advantage of this attention by promoting their bands to audiences over the world. One aspect that separates Kenyan rock and metal musicians from their western contemporaries is the confrontation between tradition and modernity, which is a debate also being discussed in various metal communities throughout Africa. Fearful of being noted as a novelty, many acts throughout Kenya are reticent to infuse tradition into their music. As accommodating as heavy metal is to such infusions, many omit tradition out of respect for their influences, or, more so, to make a bold statement in their communities: one of rejection, and defiance of their cultural upbringing. But others feel the inclusion of musical traditions is imperative and the only way the world will ever know that African metal bands exist. Many also feel the infusion of tradition would allow for a broader interpretation of rock and metal in their own communities without ostracizing their newfound global identity as ‘rockers’, and metalheads’. From over twenty interviews conducted in the country, this article addresses these questions: Can heavy metal music be a connection to Kenyan culture for audiences both inside and outside of Africa? Is language perhaps a way into the culture of African metal musicians, and, if so, how is African language being used in Kenya’s metal communities? Furthermore, how has the cosmopolitan identity of Kenyan musicians survived the turmoil of the past and influenced their music?
Correlation between C--reactive protein and serum iron levels in children with pneumonia
Authors: Purnawan I Gd. Oki Novi , Subanada Ida Bagus , Mulatsih Sri
Published: August 2016

Background Pneumonia is an infectious disease often occuringin children under five years of age. At the time of infection,pro-inflammatory cytokines are released. It is thought that thesepro-inflammatory cytokines cause changes to iron homeostasisin the body.Objective To determine a correlation between CRP and serumiron levels in children with pneumonia.Methods An analytical, cross-sectional study was performedin children aged 6 months-5 years with severe pneumonia atSanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali from April-November 2010.Laboratory examinations included CRP and serum iron levels.The correlation between CRP and serum iron levels was analyzedby Pearson's correlation.Results From 69 children with severe pneumonia, 23 childrenfulfilled the inclusion criteria. Subjects' median CRP level was9.22 mg/Land median serum iron level was 25.55 ug/dL. Thecoefficient correlation between CRP and serum iron levels was-0.580 (P=0.004). The determination coefficient value was0.316.Conclusion In children with severe pneumonia, CRP levelcorrelates negatively with serum iron levels. [Paediatr lndones.2012;52:38-42).
Correlation between brain injury biomarkers and Glasgow coma scale in pediatric sepsis
Authors: Arifin Nahari , Mangunatmadja Irawan , Pudjiadi Antonius , Pardede Sudung O.
Published: August 2016

Background Sepsis in children, with or without multiple organfailure, causes increased susceptibility to brain injury due tosystemic insults. Brain injury in sepsis is difficult to recognizeclinically. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-lOOB have beenextensively studied in brain injuries and appear to be promisingalternative biomarkers.Objectives To determine if there is a correlation between theGlasgow coma scale (GCS) and NSE as well as S-lOOB levels, inchildren with sepsis.Methods We performed an analytical study on septic childrenaged > 2 years. GCS scores were assessed on the first and thirddays of admission. Blood specimens to test for NSE and S-lOOBwere drawn on the first day of admission and stored at -70QC forfurther analysis at the end of the study.Results Out of 35 patients, 30 met the inclusion criteria. Postanalysis,one subject with NSE above the maximum level wasexcluded. Negative correlations were found between GCS scoreand NSE, as well as between GCS and S-lOOB levels. Analysisrevealed a significant ROC for NSE, but not for S-lOOB. NSEconcentration of 8.1 /.lg/L was the cut-off point for GCS scoresbelow 12.Conclusions There were negative correlations between GCSand NSE levels, as well as between GCS and S- lOOB levels. Thepredictive value ofNSE level was a cut-off point of 8.1 /.lg/L forGCS scores below 12. [Paediatr lndones. 2012;52:111-17]
IgE-mediated soy protein sensitization in children with cow’s milk allergy
Authors: Santi Agustina , Juffrie Mohammad , Sumadiono Sumadiono
Published: August 2016

Background Soy-based formula as an alternative to cow's milkformula is preferable to extensively hydrolyzed protein formulabecause of the lower cost and more acceptable taste. However,cow's milk allergy patients can subsequently develop a sensitivityto soy protein.Objective To compare soy protein sensitization in children withand without an allergy to cow's milk.Methods This study was conducted in Yogyakarta from September2007 until March 2008. Subjects were children aged below 4years with an atopic history. Subjects were divided into 2 groups:those with a positive skin prick test to cow's milk and thosewith a negative skin prick test to cow's milk (control group).Both groups were given soy formula and tested at 6 weeks forsensitization to soy.Results There were 45 children in each group. Age, sex, andatopic history were similar in both groups. We found no soyprotein sensitization (negative skin prick results) in all subjectsfrom both groups.Conclusion Risk of immunoglobulin E-mediated sensitizationto soy protein was not proven in children with cow's milk allergy.[Paediatr lndones. 2012;52:67-71).
Renal imaging in children with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Rahmawati Wiwit , Muryawan Heru , Prabowo Farah
Published: August 2016

Background Chronic kidney failure is a cause of death inchildren. Diagnosing chronic kidney disease is often made byclinical manifestations, laboratory findings and ultrasonographyor other imaging tests. Early detection of chronic kidney diseaseis needed for education and management of the disease.Objective To describe renal imaging findings and mortality inchildren with chronic kidney disease .Methods This was a cross-sectional study on children with kidneydiseases who were inpatients at Dr. Kariadi Hospital from January2008 to June 2011. Data were taken from medical records. Chronickidney disease was confirmed by clinical manifestations, laboratoryfindings, and radiologic imaging. Renal ultrasound findings weredetermined by the radiologist responsible at that time. Resultswere presented as ft:equency distributions.Results Of 37 chronic kidney disease cases, 27 were males and 10were females. Subjects' most common complaints were dyspnea (7out of 3 7) and edema (30 out of 3 7) . Renal ultrasound imaging ofsubjects with chronic kidney disease yielded the following findings:reduced cortico-medullary differentiation (30 out of 3 7), bilateralechogenic kidneys (21 out of 3 7), reduced renal cortex thickness(4 out of 37) and small-sized kidneys (4 out of 37) . Eight of the37 children died. These 8 subjects had the following radiologicimaging findin gs: both kidneys appeared small in size (4 out ofS),reduced 'renal cortex' thickness (4 out of 8), echogenic kidneys(6 out of 8), and reduced cortico-medullary differentiation (8out of8).Conclusion Renal ultrasound imaging of pediatric subjects withchronic kidney disease revealed findings of reduced corticomedullarydifferentiation, bilateral echogenic kidneys, reducedrenal cortex thickness, and small kidneys bilaterally.
Developmental delay in 3-month-old low birth weight infants with hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Wiradharma Wiradharma , Windiani I Gusti Ayu Trisna , Haksari Ekawaty Lutfia
Published: August 2016

Backgrourui Developmental delay may be due to a variety offactors occurring during the prenatal, perinatal, or postnatalperiods, one of which is hyperbilirubinemia.Objective To evaluate the impact ofhyperbilirubinemia on infantdevelopmental delay.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from March toJuly 2011. Subjects were low birth weight infants with and withouthyperbilirubinemia. Developmental delay was measured using theMullen Scales of Early Learning. Data was analyzed by Chi squaretest and relative risks were calculated. Logistic regression analysiswas performed to assess factors associated with developmentaldelay. Differences were considered statistically significant for Pvalues < 0.05.Results Forty-six low birth weight infants were enrolledin this study, 23 with hyperbilirubinemia and 23 withouthyperbilirubinemia. The relative risk (RR) for developmentaldelay in the hyperbilirubinemia group was 2.08 (95%CI 0.51 to8 .40). Multivariate analysis revealed that hyperbilirubinemia didnot significantly influence developmental delay (RR 1.45; 95%CI0.29 to 7.31). However, small for gestational age with or withouthyperbilirubinemia significantly influenced developmental delay(RR 12.13; 95%CI 2.43 to 60.56).Conclusion Hyperbilirubinemia in low birth weight infants isn ot a risk factor for developmental delay at the age of 3 months.However, being small for gestational age with or withouthyperbilirubinemia significantly influences the likelihood ofdevelopmental delay.
Transcatheter vs. surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus: outcomes and cost analysis
Authors: Djer Mulyadi M , Mochammading Mochammading , Said Mardjanis
Published: August 2016

Background Patent ductus arterious (PDA) is a non-cyanoticcongenital heart disease (CHD) caused by the patency of thearterial duct after birth. For the last three decades, managementof PDA with transcatheter closure has been gaining popularity,including in developing countries. However its effectiveness interms of clinical outcomes and cost may vary among center andhas not been thoroughly evaluated yet in Indonesia.Objectives To compare the cost and clinical effectiveness of PDAclosure using transcatheter approach compared to surgical ligation.Methods We performed a retrospective review on patientsunderwent either transcatheter or surgical closure of PDA betweenJanuary 2000 and December 2006 in Cipto MangunkusumoHospital,Jakarta, Indonesia. Clinical outcomes as well as cost werecompared using the student T-test and Chi-square for numericaland categorical variables, respectivelyResults During the study period, 89 patients underwent transcatheterclosure using an Amplatzer® device occluder (ADO) device and67 had surgical ligation. Successful PDA closure on first attemptwas achieved in 87 (96%) and 63 (94%) children who underwenttranscatheter and surgical closure, respectively (P = 1.000). Twochildren with unsuccessful transcatheter closure eventually hadtheir PDA closed by surgery, whereas one child with residual PDAafter surgical closure had his PDA closed by coil. No residual PDAwas found in the transcatheter closure group at one-week follow up.Duration of hospitalization was significantly less for patients havingtranscatheter closure compared to surgery [2.7 (SD 1.5) vs. 6.6 (SD1.5) days, P< 0.0001]. The cost for PDA closure with anAmplatzer®device was more expensive than surgical ligation [Rp. 29,930,000 (SD57,200) vs. Rp. 12,205,000 (SD 89,300), P< 0.0001].Conclusion Transcatheter closure is equally effective as surgicalligation in closing the PDA. Less hospitalization is required withtranscatheter closure although the cost is higher than surgicalligation.
Interleukin-6 and insulin resistance in obese adolescents
Authors: Takumansang Raynald , Warouw Sarah M. , Lestari Hesti
Published: August 2016

Background Obesity has become a rapidly growing epidemic worldwide, increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality in adolescents. Obesity is due to an expansion of adipose tissue mass, which is an important source of cytokines and contributes to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). Interleukin-6 is significantly increased in obesity and may lead to a state of insulin resistance.Objective To assess for a correlation between IL-6 levels and insulin resistance in obese adolescentsMethods We conducted a cross-sectional study from January to April 2012 in Manado, North Sulawesi. Subjects were either obese or normal body mass index (BMI) teens aged 13-18 years. Data collected were anthropometric status, BMI, and blood specimens for fasting plasma glucose levels, fasting insulin levels, and IL-6 levels. Insulin resistance was expressed as homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level >2.77. Data was analyzed by Pearson’s correlation and linear regression tests to assess for a possible correlation between IL-6 levels and insulin resistance.Results The mean BMI in the obese group was 31.21 (SD 3.61) kg/m2 while the mean BMI in the normal group was 19.52 (SD 2.38) kg/m2. There was no significant association between IL-6 and the occurrence of insulin resistance (P=0.309). The log regression coefficient value of IL-6 was negative (b = -0.329).Conclusion There is no correlation between IL-6 levels and incidence of insulin resistance in obese adolescents.
The use of topical zinc in tuberculin test
Authors: Rahmadhany Anisa , Setyanto Darmawan Budi , Trihono Partini Pudjiastuti
Published: August 2016

with under-diagnosis or over-diagnosis commonly occurring. The tuberculin test as a supporting examination for tuberculosis infection has a false negative value rate of 10-25%. Also, a majority of children with tuberculosis have lower plasma zinc levels than healthy children. Zinc deficiency may impair the immune response, leading to more false negative skin-test results.Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of topical zinc for augmenting the diameter of tuberculin induration in children with tuberculosis.Methods This unblinded, clinical trial was performed from October to December 2012 in subjects matched with themselves. Subjects were children with tuberculosis aged 2-18 years at the Department of Child Health at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Persahabatan Hospital. Every subject was injected tuberculin in volar region of left and right arm. Test sites then were covered with topical zinc cream on the right arm and placebo cream on the left arm. Indurations were measured after 72 hours. The difference of tuberculin diameter of 3 mm was considered as clinically significant. Data analysis was performed with Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results There were 47 subjects in this study. The majority of subjects were well-nourished (53%). Subjects’ median treatment duration was < 6 months, median age was 72 months and 47% of subjects were under the age of five years. Sixteen subjects had a median 1 mm difference in tuberculin induration diameter between the zinc arm and placebo arm (P<0.001), but this was clinically insignificant. Twenty-two subjects (43%) had Koch reaction after zinc cream application, but the placebo cream did not cause Koch reaction.Conclusion Application of topical zinc does not increase tuberculin induration compared to placebo.
Transcatheter closure of tubular type patent ductus arteriosus using Amplatzer® ductal occluder II: a case report
Authors: Djer Mulyadi M , Idris Nikmah Salamia , Angelina Angelina
Published: August 2016

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common congenital heart disease, accounting for 5-10% of all congenital heart diseases. The incidence of PDA is even higher in preterm neonates, ranging from 20-60%.1-4 Closure of PDA is indicated in all cases, except for duct-dependent congenital heart diseases or PDA with Eisenmenger syndrome.1,5,6 In small asymptomatic PDAs, closure is indicated to prevent the risk of complications, such as endarteritis, endocarditis, aneurysm of ductus arteriosus, or congestive heart failure.1,2,7In recent years, interventional cardiology has become a gold standard therapy for the majority of PDA cases beyond neonatal age. Since its introduction in 1967, many devices and methods have been developed to allow transcatheter closure of virtually all PDAs, regardless of size or configuration. Nevertheless, the tubular shape (type C) PDA, which has the highest residual shunt rate, still poses a great challenge for the interventionist.8-10 The second generation of Amplatzer® device occluders (ADO II), released in 2007, has been suggested to be effective in closing tubular PDAs.10 The purpose of this study was to report the initial clinical experience using ADO II to close a tubular type PDA in Indonesia.
Tissue distribution of sulphadimidine sodium in non-starved and starved grower turkeys (meleagris gallopavo)
Authors: Agbo Joseph , Saganuwan Alhaji Saganuwan , Azubuike Patrick
Published: August 2016

Background: The use of veterinary drugs in food-producing animals has potential to generate residues in edible tissues and posses health hazard to consumers especially when the withdrawal period is not observed.Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the tissue residue and withdrawal period of sulphadimidine in non-starved and starved grower turkeys following a single intramuscular administration.Methods: Forty two turkeys of both sexes and 12 weeks old weighing 1.57±0.2 kg were divided into two groups of twenty one each. One group was administered a single intramuscular dose of sulphadimidine sodium (100mg/kg body weight). The other group was kept off-feed for 48 hours before drug administration. Three turkeys each were sacrificed from the starved and non-starved group and two grammes (2g) of tissue sample were harvested from selected tissues.Results: The results showed that the drug residues persisted in all the tissues of turkeys sampled for up to thirty (30) days after drug administration. The starved turkeys maintained consistently higher concentrations of the drug in the tissues than fed ones. Sulphadimidine residue was significantly increased (p<0.05) between days 3 to 6 in the spleen of non-starved turkeys. However, the concentrations in the spleen decreased significantly (p<0.05) between days 6 to 10 and 25 to 30.Conclusion: Sulphadimidine residue persisted in the tissues of non-starved and starved turkeys for up to 30 days after intramuscular injection. This should be given due consideration in the estimation of the withdrawal period for the drug, since sulphadimidine residue in meat > 0.2 ppm is unsafe for human consumption.
Persistence and Global Attractivity for a Discretized Version of a General Model of Glucose-Insulin Interaction
Authors: Huong Dinh Cong
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we construct a non-standard finite difference scheme for a general model of glucose-insulin interaction. We establish some new sufficient conditions to ensure that the discretized model preserves the persistence and global attractivity of the continuous model. One of the main findings in this paper is that we derive two important propositions (Proposition 3.1 and Proposition 3.2) which are used to prove the global attractivity of the discretized model. Furthermore, when investigating the persistence and, in some cases, the global attractivity of the discretized model, the nonlinear functions f and h are not required to be differentiable. Hence, our results are more realistic because the statistical data of glucose and insulin are collected and reported in discrete time. We also present some numerical examples and their simulations to illustrate our results.
Common Fixed Point Theorems for Mappings under (CLRS)-Property in Partial Metric Spaces
Authors: Rao K. P. R. , Imdad M. , Parvathi K. V. Siva
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we introduce the concept of (CLR
The distributions of interrecord fillings
Authors: Orlov Oleg P. , Pasynkov Nikolay Yu.
Published: August 2016

In a sequence of independent positive random variables with the same continuous distribution function a monotonic subsequence of record values is chosen. A corresponding sequence of record times divides the initial sequence into interrecord intervals. Let

α
i
j

 
(
i
⩾
1
,

j
=
1
,
…
,
i
)

$\alpha_i^j \ (i\geqslant 1, \, j = 1, \ldots, i)$

be the number of random variables in the interval between i-th and (i + 1)-th record moments with values between (j − 1)-th and j-th records. Explicit formulas for the joint distributions of the random variables

α
i
j

,

1
⩽
j
⩽
i
⩽
n

$\alpha_i^j,\,1\leqslant j\leqslant i\leqslant n$

, are derived, limit theorems for the distributions of

α
i
j

$\alpha_i^j$

for i − j → ∞ are proved.
Mycobacterium avium Auricular Infection in an Apparent Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Vlachogianni Panagiota , Volosyraki Maria , Stefanidou Maria , Krueger-Krasagakis Sabine , Evangelou George , Haniotis Vrettos , Kofteridis Diamantis , Maraki Sofia , Krasagakis Konstantin
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Soft tissue infections with Mycobacterium avium complex are more likely to appear in immunocompromised patients. However, they may rarely arise in non-immunosuppressed individuals.

Aim: To present the case of an ear infection with Mycobacterium avium in the absence of demonstrable immunosuppression.

Case Report: Clinical case description, blood tests, routine histology and tissue cultures.

Discussion: A female, apparent immunocompetent patient presented with a 6-month reddish, oedematous and painless lesion with fine scaling in the right ear. Histology showed numerous granulomas, composed of epithelioid histiocytes without central necrosis. Cultures grew Mycobacterium avium. An unusual accidental ear injury was the portal of microbial entry. The patient’s lesion fully regressed after a 9-month course of antibiotics.

Conclusion: Although M. avium infections are rare in immunocompetent patients, the possibility of such infections should be considered even in these subjects, when relevant clinical features and exposure to risk factors are present.
Multiplex PCR Assay for Identifi cation and Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolates
Authors: Pavlova Maria R. , Dobreva Elina G. , Ivanova Katucha I. , Asseva Galina D. , Ivanov Ivan N. , Petrov Peter K. , Velev Valeri R. , Tomova Ivelina I. , Tiholova Maida M. , Kantardjiev Todor V.
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Campylobacter spp. are important causative agents of gastrointestinal infections in humans. The most frequently isolated strains of this bacterial genus are Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. To date, genetic methods for bacterial identification have not been used in Bulgaria. We optimized the multiplex PSR assay to identify Campylobacter spp. and differentiate C. jejuni from C. coli in clinical isolates. We also compared this method with the routinely used biochemical methods.

Aim: To identify Campylobacter spp. and discriminate C. coli from C. jejuni in clinical isolates using multiplex PCR assay.

Materials and methods: Between February 2014 and January 2015 we studied 93 stool samples taken from patients with diarrheal syndrome and identified 40 species of Campylobacter spp. in them. The clinical material was cultured in microaerophilic atmosphere, the isolated strains being biochemically diff erentiated (hydrolysis of sodium hippurate for C. jejuni, and hydrolysis of indoxyl acetate for C. coli). DNA was isolated from the strains using QiaAmp MiniKit (QIAGEN, Germany). Twenty strains were tested with multiplex PCR for the presence of these genes: cadF, characteristic for Campylobacter spp., hipO for C. jejuni and asp for C. coli.

Results and discussion: The biochemical tests identified 16 strains of C. jejuni, 3 strains of C. coli, and 1 strain of C. upsaliensis. After the multiplex PCR assay the capillary gel electrophoresis confirmed 16 strains of C. jejuni, 2 strains of C. coli and 2 strains of Campylobacter spp. - because of the presence of the gene cadF. C. jejuni has the gene hipO, and it is possible that this gene may not be expressed in the biochemical differentiation yielding a negative reaction as a result. In comparison, we can conclude that the genetic differentiation is a more accurate method than the biochemical tests.

Conclusion: The multiplex PCR assay is a fast, accurate method for identifi cation of Campylobacter spp. which makes it quite necessary in the clinical diagnostic practice.