bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deamino Oxytocin and 1-γ-Mercaptobutyric Acid-Oxytocin: X-ray Crystallographic Data
Authors: Low Barbara W. , Chen Celia C. H.
Published: October 2006

X-ray studies of crystalline deamino-oxytocin (1-β-mercaptopropionic acid-oxytocin) have established the existence of both wet and dry forms. A remarkable degree of similarity exists between the two forms even though there are changes in cell dimensions and space group on drying. The dry form of 1-γ-mercaptobutyric acid-oxytocin is very similar to that of deamino-oxytocin.
Ethylene Formation in Rat Liver Microsomes
Authors: Lieberman Morris , Hochstein Paul
Published: October 2006

Reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide and pyrophosphate-dependent peroxidation of lipids in rat liver microsomes were coupled to the generation of ethylene in the presence of cuprous ions. This system suggests a model for the biogenesis of ethylene in cells.
Synthesis of Nonribosomal RNA by Lymphocytes: A Response to Phytohemagglutinin Treatment
Authors: Cooper Herbert L. , Rubin Arnold D.
Published: October 2006

When lymphocytes are stimulated to enlarge and divide by treatment with phytohemagglutinin, most of the rapidly synthesized RNA is nonribosomal. The phenomenon is a response by lymphocytes to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin, rather than a general concomitant of lymphocyte growth.
Color Center in Amethyst Quartz
Authors: Lehmann Gerhard , Moore Walter J.
Published: October 2006

Treatment with x-rays increased the intensity of color of natural amethyst up to fivefold, and an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum was detected. The intensity of the spectrum was proportional to the intensity of the optical absorption near 545 mμ. The EPR spectrum of the color center corresponded to a positive hole trapped on a substitutional Fe
3+
ion in the quartz structure. We ascribe the color to a charge-transfer transition, Fe
4+
+ O
2
— → Fe
3+
+ O
1-
.
Plasma Chromium after Glucose Administration
Authors: Glinsmann Walter H. , Feldman Fredric J. , Mertz Walter
Published: October 2006

Sharp increases in the concentration of chromium in plasma were found in five subjects with normal glucose utilization after administration of glucose by mouth. This rise was not observed in two diabetics when glucose tolerance was impaired; however, it appeared when glucose tolerance was improved and when trace amounts of trivalent chromium were given as a dietary supplement. The source of chromium which became elevated was most likely an internal pool. Possibly there is a relation between chromium and insulin function.
Galactose Conversion to D-Xylulose: An Alternate Route of Galactose Metabolism
Authors: Cuatrecasas Pedro , Segal Stanton
Published: October 2006

Galactose dehydrogenase, a soluble enzyme of the mammalian liver, catalyzes the conversion of galactose to galactonic acid. This reaction, together with the subsequent formation of 3-ketogalactonic acid which can be decarboxylated to yield D-xylulose, is a newly discovered pathway for the metabolism of galactose. This pathway may account for the oxidation of galactose observed in patients with galactosemia.
Radiocarbon Content of Marine Shells from the California and Mexican West Coast
Authors: Berger Rainer , Taylor R. E. , Libby W. F.
Published: October 2006

The radiocarbon content of contemporary pre-bomb marine shells from the upwelling environment of the California and the West Mexican coast has been determined. In addition, factors leading to the apparent ages of different magnitude for various marine environments are discussed.
Plasmodium vivax
Transmitted from Man to Monkey to Man
Authors: Young Martin D. , Porter James A. , Johnson Carl M.
Published: October 2006

Blood forms of human vivax malaria infected splenectomized night monkeys (
Aotus trivirgatus
).
Anopheles albimanus
mosquitoes transmitted the infection from a monkey to two human volunteers; parasites and symptoms appeared 11 days later. Blood forms of vivax malaria from each of the two humans infected other night monkeys.
Pulmonary Arterial Vasculature in Neonatal Hyaline Membrane Disease
Authors: Lauweryns J. M.
Published: October 2006

Many small muscular pulmonary arteries and most pulmonary arterioles in lungs of newborn infants with hyaline membrane disease cannot be filled with a barium sulfate solution. In the control group, composed of normal, 4-day-old lambs, such vessels were easily and completely injected. Hence these vessels are supposed to play an important role in the pulmonary hypoperfusion, recently demonstrated in the respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn.
Fossil Mammals from Baja California: New Evidence on Early Tertiary Migrations
Authors: Morris William J.
Published: October 2006

Ungulates belonging to the family Barylambdidae were found in the same geologic unit with, but stratigraphically above, a specimen assigned to the Tillodontia and above several molars of the perissodactyl cf.
Hyracotherium
sp. This arrangement is unusual, as in the well-documented faunas from the Rocky Mountain Region Barylambdidae are known only from the Paleocene, Tillodontia from the Paleocene and Eocene, while
Hyracotherium
is known only from the Eocene. The expected stratigraphic order would be, from lowest to highest, Barylambdidae, Tillodontia, and
Hyracotherium
. It is suggested that the Baja California assemblage is late Paleocene on the basis of the generalized molars of cf.
Hyracotherium
sp. and the characters of cf.
Esthonyx
sp.
Metacontrast: Its Relation to Evoked Potentials
Authors: Schiller Peter H. , Chorover Stephan L.
Published: October 2006

Electrophysiological correlates of metacontrast were studied by means of averaged evoked potentials recorded from the scalp in man. Under conditions in which the brightness of the first of two successive stimuli appears diminished there is no accompanying attenuation of the evoked potentials to that stimulus. The results suggest that the amplitude and latency of evoked potentials correlate with stimulus intensity but not with brightness.
Interaction of p107 with Cyclin A Independent of Complex Formation with Viral Oncoproteins
Authors: Ewen Mark E. , Faha Barbara , Harlow Ed , Livingston David M.
Published: October 2006

The p107 protein and the retinoblastoma protein (RB) both bind specifically to two viral oncoproteins, the SV40 T antigen (T) and adenoviral protein E1A (E1A). Like RB, p107 contains a segment (the pocket) that, alone, can bind specifically to T, E1A, and multiple cellular proteins. Cyclin A bound to the p107 pocket, but not the RB pocket. Although both pockets contain two, related collinear subsegments (A and B), the unique sequence in the p107 pocket that occupies the space between A and B is required for the interaction with cyclin A.
1,2-Dialkyl-4(3
H
)-Quinazolinones in the Defensive Secretion of a Millipede (
Glomeris marginata
)
Authors: Meinwald Yvonne C. , Meinwald Jerrold , Eisner Thomas
Published: October 2006

Two crystalline components isolated from the defensive secretion of the glomerid millipede,
Glomeris marginata
, are identified as 1-methyl-2-ethyl-4( 3
H
)-quinazolinone and 1,2-dimethyl-4( 3
H
)-quinazolinone. These heterocyclic compounds bear a close structural resemblance to arborine, the chief alkaloid of the Indian medicinal plant,
Glycomis arborea
Correa.
Allomorphic Forms of Bacteriophage φX-174 Replicative DNA
Authors: Roth Thomas F. , Hayashi Masaki
Published: October 2006

The bacteriophage φX-174 replicative form of DNA exists in two configurations, as judged by electron microscopy and sucrose density gradient sedimentation, and on methylated albumin-coated kieselguhr column chromatography. The predominant 21
S
form of the DNA is a tightly twisted circle. Treatment with deoxyribonuclease causes a single scission in one of the two strands, resulting in an open circle which sediments at 16
S
.
Calcium in Sea Water by Electrode Measurement
Authors: Thompson Mary E. , Ross James W.
Published: October 2006

Ionized calcium in standard International Association of Physical Oceanography sea water (chlorinity, 19.373 parts per thousand) was measured with a recently developed, highly selective, calcium electrode. We found that 84 percent of the calcium in sea water exists as Ca
+ +
, in fair agreement with the 91 percent calculated for the chemical model of sea water of Garrels and Thompson. If one used the activity coefficient for calcium ion of Garrels and Thompson, 0.28, calcium-ion activity in this sea water would be 0.00249. Another activity coefficient for calcium ion in sea water, 0.24, derived from Berner's measured total-activity coefficient and our measurement of the fraction of ionized calcium, yields a slightly lower activity, 0.00214.
Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Interaction in DNA Synthesis
Authors: Prescott David M. , Goldstein Lester
Published: October 2006

In
Amoeba proteus
the transplantation of a nucleus engaged in DNA synthesis into a G
2
-phase (after DNA synthesis) cell results in inhibition of such synthesis. When the nucleus of a G
2
cell is transplanted into an S-phase (period of DNA synthesis) cell, such a nucleus may begin to synthesize DNA.
Fossil Actinomycetes in Middle Precambrian Glacial Varves
Authors: Jackson Togwell A.
Published: October 2006

Fossil actinomycetes and other bacteria have been found in sulfide minerals from "varved" argillites in the middle Precambrian Cobalt Series of Canada. The fossils consist of branched and unbranched nonseptate hyphae and chains of rod-shaped cells. The presence of actinomycetes is consistent with the theory that the argillites are lacustrine deposits.
Plant Moisture Stress: Evaluation by Pressure Bomb
Authors: Waring Richard H. , Cleary Brian D.
Published: October 2006

The recently developed technique for determining the water stress of a plant by measuring the pressure necessary to force water back to the cut surface of a severed twig is adaptable to both field and laboratory experiments. We have designed and operated an efficient portable system weighing less than 18 kilograms. Sampling variation within and among Douglas fir trees varies from less than ± 1 atmosphere under low stress conditions to ± 10 atmospheres under high stress conditions. In the measurement of plants of comparable height and similar exposure, the variation is reduced to a minimum. Values in internal water stress of Douglas fir vary from 3 to more than 40 atmospheres. Both duration and magnitude of stress are important ecologically. Pressure-bomb measurements are used to demonstrate a relation between plant distribution and internal water stress.
Apatite Crystallites: Effects of Carbonate on Morphology
Authors: Legeros Racquel Z. , Trautz Otto R. , Legeros John P. , Klein Edward , Shirra W. Paul
Published: October 2006

Carbonate is a substituent in the apatite structure; when present, it limits the size of the growing apatite crystals and so influences their shape that they grow more equiaxed than needle-like. The tendency for carbonate apatites to be equiaxed is related to the nature of the chemical bonds formed in the crystal. The interference of carbonate with the good crystallization of apatite, and its weakening effect on the bonds in the structure, increase the dissolution rate and the solubility, thereby presumably contributing to the susceptibility to caries of dental apatites containing carbonate.
Fluorescence Decay Times: Proteins, Coenzymes, and Other Compounds in Water
Authors: Chen Raymond F. , Vurek Gerald G. , Alexander Nelson
Published: October 2006

The fluorescence decay time (τ) was 2 to 5 nanoseconds for proteins and 4 to 5 nanoseconds for flavin, pyridine nucleotide, and vitamin B
6
coenzymes; τ varied widely in 48 compounds measured in water. Although reported values of τ for a few of the solutions studied were in excellent agreement. previously "calculated" lifetimes, in several instances, are apparently erroneous. Nonexponential decay was detectable with our "nanosecond-flash" apparatus, a modification of the first commercially available unit for determination of τ.
Food Intake Controlled by a Blood Factor
Authors: Davis John D. , Gallagher Robert L. , Ladove Robert
Published: October 2006

Intake of food by hungry rats was reduced 50 percent below normal after their blood had been mixed with that of satiated rats. Intake of food by deprived rats was not reduced when the donor rat was deprived of food for 24 hours prior to mixing of the blood or when a deprived donor was fed to satiety immediately before such transfusion.
Induction of Mutants with Altered DNA Composition: Effect of Ultraviolet on
Bacterium paracoli
5099
Authors: Gause G. F. , Dudnik Yu. V. , Laiko A. V. , Netyksa E. M.
Published: October 2006

The culture of
Bacterium paracoli
5099 represents a favorable system for induction of mutants with altered DNA base composition. The frequency of induction of these mutants by ultraviolet radiation is strongly dose-dependent, and has a peak at the ultraviolet exposure equal to 860 ergs. On both sides of this maximum the rate of appearance of mutants decreases, and with the exposures less than 350 and more than 1900 ergs per square millimeter, mutants with altered DNA base composition do not appear at all.
DDT: Interaction with Nerve Membrane Conductance Changes
Authors: Narahashi Toshio , Haas Hans G.
Published: October 2006

The falling phase of action potentials of lobster giant axons is prolonged by DDT; finally a plateau phase is produced like cardiac action potentials. In axons poisoned with DDT, peak transient (sodium) currents associated with step depolarizations are turned off very slowly, and steady-state (potassium) currents are markedly suppressed. These two changes would cause the prolongation of action potentials and are considered the major ionic mechanisms of DDT action.
Mendelevium: Divalency and Other Chemical Properties
Authors: Hulet E. K. , Lougheed R. W. , Brady J. D. , Stone R. E. , Coops M. S.
Published: October 2006

Mendelevium (element 101) is the first actinide element found to give a divalent ion stable in solution. Reduction from the 3+ oxidation state was accomplished with Zn dust, Zn-Hg amalgam, Cr
2+
, Eu
2+
, and V
2+
; additionally, measurements of the equilibrium with V
2+
provided an estimate of +0.2 volt for the couple, Md
2+
= Md
3+
+ e
-
. The chemical behavior of Md
3+
is similar to that of the other trivalent actinides and lanthanides. Oxidation from the trivalent to higher valence states with sodium bismuthate was not detected.
Multiple Temperature-Sensitive Spots Innervated by Single Nerve Fibers
Authors: Kenshalo Dan R. , Gallegos E. S.
Published: October 2006

Electrophysiological recordings were made from single nerve fibers which were specifically responsive to temperature changes of the skin of monkeys. Previous reports indicated that the receptive area on the skin of such preparations was a single small spot less than 1 millimeter in diameter. However, we found that the activity in a single thermally sensitive fiber increased when any one of eight individual spots on the skin was cooled. In other preparations two to six spots, each less than 1 millimeter in diameter, appeared to be innervated by a single fiber. The neural activity resulting from the cooling of one or several of these spots summed, and we suggest that this summation may be the neural analog of areal summation of thermal stimuli reported in psychophysical measurements.
Venus: Ionosphere and Atmosphere as Measured by Dual-Frequency Radio Occultation of Mariner V
Authors:   Mariner Stanford Group
Published: October 2006

Venus has daytime and nighttime ionospheres at the positions probed by radio occultation. The main layers are thin by terrestrial standards, with the nighttime peak concentration of electrons being about two orders of magnitude below that of the daytime peak. Above the nighttime peak were several scale-height regimes extending to a radius of at least 7500, and probably to 9700, kilometers from the center of Venus. Helium and hydrogen at plasma temperatures of 600° to 1100°K seem indicated in the regimes from 6300 to 7500 kilometers, with cooler molecular ions in lower regions. Above the daytime peak a sharp plasmapause was discovered, marking a sudden transition from appreciable ionization concentrations near Venus to the tenuous conditions of the solar wind. This may be indicative of a kind of interaction of the magnetized solar wind with a planetary body that differs from the two different kinds of interaction characterized by Earth and by Moon. For Venus and probably for Mars, the magnetic field of the solar wind may pile up in front of the conducting ionosphere, form an induced magnetosphere that ends at the plasmapause, above which any ionosphere that tends to form is swept away by the shocked solar wind that flows between the stand-off bow-shock and the magnetopause. The neutral atmosphere was also probed and a surface reflection may have been detected, but the data have not yet been studied in detail. Results are consistent with a super-refractive atmosphere, as expected from Soviet measurements near the surface. Thus, two unusual features of Venus can be described in terms of a light trap in the lower atmosphere, and a magnetic trap in the conducting ionosphere.
Haptoglobin Levels in Serum of Various Strains of Mice
Authors: Peacock Andrew C. , Gelderman Albert H. , Ragland Ray H. , Hoffman Harold A.
Published: October 2006

Only a single type of haptoglobin was found in the serum of 11 strains of mice, but there were wide variations between strains with respect to the amount of haptoglobin found. In the AKR and C3H strains, in which haptoglobin was low or absent, various agents stimulated production of high levels of haptoglobin. Serum haptoglobin rose in association with the development of leukemia in AKR mice, but remained low when C3H mice developed mammary tumors.
Visual Pigment Fluorescence
Authors: Guzzo Anthony V. , Pool Gary L.
Published: October 2006

The fluorescence of cattle rod outer segments (dried) and of rhodopsin in solution lies in the range of 575 to 600 millimicrons with a quantum efficiency of 0.005 if excitation is in the visible band near 500 millimicrons. The emission is abolished by bleaching at -196°C but can be reversibly regenerated by irradiation with light of longer wavelength (600 millimicrons). This behavior reflects the known interconversion of rhodopsin to prelumirhodopsin at this temperature.
Binuclear Ion Containing Nitrogen as a Bridging Group
Authors: Harrison D. F. , Weissberger E. , Taube H.
Published: October 2006

A binuclear ion ([NH
3
)
5
RuN
2
Ru(NH
3
)
5
]
4+
is formed by the direct reaction of N
2
with an aqueous solution of (NH
3
)
5
RuOH
2
2+
at room temperature. The binuclear ion is also formed by the reversible reaction of (NH
3
)
5
RuOH
2
2+
with (NH
3
)
5
RuN
2
2+
. Solid [(NH
3
)
5
RuN
2
Ru(NH
3
)
5
] (BF
4
)
4
has been prepared, and its ultraviolet and infrared spectra are reported.
Specific Inhibition of Viral Ribonucleic Acid Replication by Gliotoxin
Authors: Miller P. A. , Milstrey K. P. , Trown P. W.
Published: October 2006

Gliotoxin inhibits intracellular replication of poliovirus in HeLa cells at a stage subsequent to adsorption and penetration of virus. The sensitive step is synthesis of viral RNA: synthesis of viral protein is unaffected except as a consequence of blockade of RNA synthesis. Concentrations of gliotoxin sufficient to block viral RNA synthesis completely do not affect cellular RNA synthesis.
Jupiter's Decametric Radio Emission and the Radiation Belts of Its Galilean Satellites
Authors: Burns J. A.
Published: October 2006

Many of the observed properties of Jupiter's decametric radiation may be explained by postulation that the inner Galilean satellites of Jupiter have magnetic properties that strongly distort Jupiter's magnetic field in the region of each satellite. Charged particles from Jupiter's radiation belts are trapped by these distorted fields and emit synchrotron radiation.
Infrared Pseudo Matrix Isolation Spectroscopy: Analysis of Gas Mixtures
Authors: Rochkind Mark M.
Published: October 2006

A new low-temperature technique provides a practical and sensitive method of infrared quantitative analysis of all infrared-absorbing gases and volatile liquids. Because pseudo matrix isolation is suitable for qualitative identifications also, it provides a tool for analysis of complex gas mixtures.
DNA (Cell Number) and Protein in Neonatal Brain: Alteration by Maternal Dietary Protein Restriction
Authors: Zamenhof Stephen , Van Marthens Edith , Margolis Frank L.
Published: October 2006

Female rats were maintained on 8 or 27 percent protein diet by a pair-feeding schedule for 1 month before mating and throughout gestation. The brains of newborn rats from females on the 8 percent protein diet contained significantly less DNA and protein compared to the progeny of the females on the 27 percent diet. The data on DNA indicate that there are fewer cells; the protein content per cell was also lower. If, at birth, the brain cells are predominantly neurons, and their number becomes final at that time, then such dietary restriction may result in some permanent brain-neuron deficiency. This quantitative alteration in number as well as the qualitative one (protein per cell) may constitute a basis for the frequently reported impaired behavior of the offspring from protein-deprived mothers.
Receptive Field Organization of the S-Potential
Authors: Norton Alan L. , Spekreijse Henk , Wolbarsht Myron L. , Wagner Henry G.
Published: October 2006

The receptive fields of S-potentials have been studied in carp retinas. The relationship between the stimulus intensity and area of stimulation was examined for each component of three different types of S-potential. It appears that for each component there is full summation over a large portion of the retina, a type of organization different from that found in the ganglion cell.
Ceratoscopelus maderensis
: Peculiar Sound-Scattering Layer Identified with This Myctophid Fish
Authors: Backus R. H. , Craddock J. E. , Haedrich R. L. , Shores D. L. , Teal J. M. , Wing A. S. , Mead G. W. , Clarke W. D.
Published: October 2006

A sound-scattering layer, composed of discrete hyperbolic echosequences and apparently restricted to the Slope Water region of the western North Atlantic, has been identified from the Deep Submergence Research Vehicle
Alvin
with schools of the myctophid fish
Ceratoscopelus maderensis
. By diving into the layer and using
Alvin's
echo-ranging sonar, we approached and visually identified the sound scatterers. The number of echo sequences observed with the surface echo-sounder (1/23.76 × 10
5
cubic meters of water) checked roughly with the number of sonar targets observed from the submarine (1/7.45 × 10
5
cubic meters). The fish schools appeared to be 5 to 10 meters thick, 10 to 100 meters in diameter, and on centers 100 to 200 meters apart. Density within schools was estimated at 10 to 15 fish per cubic meter.
Resistance Changes in Lipid Bilayers: Immunological Applications
Authors: Barfort Per , Arquilla Edward R. , Vogelhut Paul O.
Published: October 2006

The electrical resistance of a bimolecular lipid membrane in 0.1 molar NaCl decreases if antibody and complement are present on one side of the membrane and the homologous antigen is added to the other side. The reaction occurs within minutes and requires less than 0.1 microliter of antiserum.
Reduction in Tobacco Pollen Germination and Tube Elongation, Induced by Low Levels of Ozone
Authors: Feder William A.
Published: October 2006

Pollen of the ozone-sensitive tobacco variety Bel W-3 undergoes a reduction in germination rate and tube elongation when exposed to ozone. As little as 0.1 part of ozone per million for a 5.5-hour exposure period is sufficient to cause a 40 to 50 percent reduction in germination and a 50 percent reduction in pollen-tube elongation. Ozone causes these effects to approximately the same degree whether the pollen is exposed to ozone in vitro or agar disks, or in vivo when the intact plant is exposed. Exposure to ozone at a concentration of 1.0 part per million for more than 3 hours in vitro completely prevents germination of Bel W-3 pollen.
Density Distribution in Earth
Authors: Press Frank
Published: October 2006

Earth models selected by a Monte Carlo procedure were tested against geophysical data; 5 million models were examined and six have passed all tests. Common features of successful models are an increased core radius and a chemically inhomogeneous core consistent with Fe-Ni alloy (20 to 50 percent Fe) for the solid portion and Fe-Si alloy (15 to 25 percent Fe) for the fluid core. The inhomogeneous mantle is consistent with an increase in the FeO:FeO + MgO ratio by a factor of 2 in the deep mantle. The transition zone is a region of not only phase change but also composition change; this condition would inhibit mantle-wide convection. The upper-mantle solutions show large fluctuations in density; this state implies insufficient constraint on solutions for this region, or lateral variations in mantle composition ranging from pyrolite to eclogite.
Retrograde Amnesia Produced by Hippocampal Spreading Depression
Authors: Avis Harry H. , Carlton Peter L.
Published: October 2006

Injection of potassium chloride into the hippocampus produces a disruption of electrical activity; a concomitant of this disruption is a deficit in retention of conditioned suppression learned 24 hours before injection.
Hydrodynamic Effects on an Interfacial Film
Authors: Mockros Lyle F. , Krone Ray B.
Published: October 2006

An interfacial film collected on the upstream face of a barrier on the surface of flowing water (i) develops in two or three distinct stages, (ii) has an equilibrium length inversely proportional to the velocity squared, (iii) exhibits a linear decrease in surface tension, and (iv) exhibits an interfacial shear force proportional to the velocity.
Dielectrically Heated Sensor of Water-Vapor Pressure
Authors: Byrne G. F. , Rose C. W.
Published: October 2006

Existing psychrometers of small dimensions cannot provide accurate long-term measurements of water-vapor pressure without frequent maintenance and recalibration. A small, simply constructed instrument employing dielectric heating and avoiding many of the problems of available sensors is described. The calibration curve depends only on the pressure-temperature curve for saturated lithium chloride.
Puromycin: Action on Neuronal Mitochondria
Authors: Gambetti Pierluigi , Gonatas Nicholas K. , Flexner Louis B.
Published: October 2006

Puromycin, in dosages that inhibit cerebral protein synthesis and expression of memory in mice, produces swelling of neuronal mitochondria. Acetoxycycloheximide, which inhibits cerebral protein synthesis to the same extent as puromycin, fails to produce swelling of neuronal mitochondria. Puromycin and heximide mixtures produce severe inhibition of protein synthesis, but result in a minimal swelling of neuronal mitochondria and in a decrease of peptidylpuromycin complexes to a level of 30 percent of that following the injection of puromycin alone. It is concluded that swelling of neuronal mitochondria in the presence of puromycin is not due to inhibition of cerebral protein synthesis per se, but is related to a specific action of puromycin on ribosomal protein synthesis. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that peptidyl-puromycin complexes are responsible for mitochondrial swelling.
Transplantation of Axolotl Heads
Authors: de Both N. J.
Published: October 2006

Favorable conditions for organ transplantation exist for some populations of European laboratory axolotls, making transplantations of heads possible. Survival of the transplants is prolonged because homograft reactivity of the host animals is absent. Heads transplanted to the backs of other axolotls grow rapidly and show many reactions characteristic of normal axolotl heads. The behavior of the transplants is independent of that of the host animals.
Prophage S2 Mutants in
Haemophilus influenzae
: A Technique for Their Production and Isolation
Authors: Bendler John W. , Goodgal Sol H.
Published: October 2006

A procedure utilizing nitrosoguanidine has been developed to produce defective and temperature-sensitive mutants of prophage (S2) in lysogenic
Haemophilus influenza
. The system should be generally applicable to all temperate phage systems. At saturating concentrations of phage DNA, more than 25 percent of recipient mutant lysogenic bacteria can be transformed to the wild type.
Reticuloendothelial Blockade: Effect of Puromycin on Opsonin-Dependent Recovery
Authors: Pisano J. C. , Patterson J. T. , Di Luzio N. R.
Published: October 2006

Reticuloendothelial blockade induced by the administration of a gelatinized "reticuloendothelial test lipid emulsion" is due to a loss of opsonic activity in the plasma. Recovery from blockade, which is associated with restoration of plasma opsonins, was inhibited by the administration of puromycin. The effect of puromycin appears to be mediated by inhibition of opsonin formation rather than a puromycin-induced macrophage defect in phagocytosis.
Cigarette Smoke: Protection of Alveolar Macrophages by Glutathione and Cysteine
Authors: Green Gareth M.
Published: October 2006

Phagocytosis of bacteria by rabbit alveolar macrophages is inhibited quantitatively by cigarette smoke in vitro. This phagocytoxic effect was abolished by addition of 0.2 to 0.4 micromole of glutathione or cysteine per milliliter of cigarette smoke. Serum protein was required to obtain both the toxic effect of the smoke and the protective action of the sulfhydryl compounds. The protective role of the sulfhydryl agents suggests an oxidant action of the cigarette smoke on these pulmonary cells.
Infrasound at Long Range from Saturn V, 1967
Authors: Donn William L. , Posmentier Eric , Fehr Uri , Balachandran N. K.
Published: October 2006

Two distinct groups of infrasonic waves from Saturn V, 1967, were recorded at Palisades, New York, 1485 kilometers from the launch site. The first group, of 10-minute duration, began about 70 minutes after launch time; the second, having more than twice the amplitude and a duration of 9 minutes, commenced 81 minutes after launch time. From information on the Saturn V trajectory and analysis of recorded data, it is established that the first group represents sound emitted either by the first stage reentry or by the second stage when its elevation was above 120 kilometers. The second, more intense wave group represents the sound from the powered first stage. A reversal of signal occurs because the rocket outran its own sound. Fourier analyses indicate that the energy extends to relatively long periods—10 seconds for the first stage and 7 seconds for the second. Trapping of sound in the upper atmospheric sound channel can be the cause of the separation of the signal into two distinct groups.
Complement-Immunoglobulin Relation: Deficiency of C′lq Associated with Impaired Immunoglobulin G Synthesis
Authors: Kohler Peter F. , Müller-Eberhard Hans J.
Published: October 2006

Concentration of the complement protein C′1q was determined immunochemically in serums of individuals with a wide variety of immunoglobulin abnormalities. A significant correlation was observed between decreased concentration of C′1q and deficient synthesis of immunoglobulin G; C′1q was particularly diminished in subjects with congenital, sex-linked (Bruton) agammaglobulinemia. In contrast, two to five times the normal concentration of C′1q was found in the serum of three patients with heavy chain disease (subtype immunoglobulin G3). No significant relation was found between C′1q and concentrations of immunoglobulins A and M.
Infection Structures from Rust Urediospores: Effect of RNA and Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Authors: Dunkle Larry D. , Maheshwari Ramesh , Allen Paul J.
Published: October 2006

Urediospores of
Puccinia graminis tritici
, floated on buffer, produce infection structures when subjected briefly to 30°C soon after germination. Inhibitors of RNA synthesis interfere with the differentiation of infection structures if present during this heat treatment. Inhibitors of protein synthesis prevent differentiation if present following heat treatment. Apparently infection structure formation is accompanied by synthesis of RNA, and the completion of infection structure development requires protein synthesis.
Survival of Germfree Rats without Vitamin A
Authors: Bieri J. G. , McDaniel E. G. , Rogers W. E.
Published: October 2006

Weanling, germfree rats, transferred to a conventional animal room and fed a vitamin A-deficient diet, died in 23 to 54 days. In contrast, their littermates, kept germfree and on the same diet, survived for as long as 272 days. The rats kept in germfree conditions stopped growing after 1 to 4 months but responded to supplements of retinoic acid.
Environmental Temperatures of Tertiary Penguins
Authors: Stonehouse Bernard
Published: October 2006

Marine paleotemperatures, determined by oxygen isotope measurement, show that Australasian Tertiary penguins, including giant forms, lived in warm to tropical environments. Evolution from smaller species also occurred in warm environments. Mid-Tertiary fluctuations of sea temperature were controlled by alternating uplift and erosion of "Tasmantis," an unstable meridional landmass occupying and extending beyond the present position of New Zealand.
Mammalian Oocytes: X Chromosome Activity
Authors: Epstein Charles J.
Published: October 2006

The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase contents of oocytes from XO and XX female mice have been measured. The activity of the former in the oocytes of XO mice is half of that in the oocytes of XX mice, whereas the lactate dehydrogenase activities in the two groups of ova are the same. These results indicate that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from a mouse oocyte is an X-linked enzyme, that its synthesis occurs in the oocyte and is dosage dependent, and that inactivation of the X chromosome does not occur in the mouse oocyte.
Recognition of Angiotensin II: Antibodies at Different Levels of an Idiotypic Network Are Superimposable
Authors: Garcia K. Christopher , Desiderio Stephen V. , Ronco Pierre M. , Verroust Pierre J. , Amzel L. Mario
Published: October 2006

Genetic and sequence information are reported for an angiotensin II-reactive antibody (Ab1, MAb 110) and an anti—anti-idiotypic antibody (Ab3, MAb 131) that have identical antigen binding properties and that are related by an anti-idiotypic antibody (Ab2-β) that satisfies accepted biochemical criteria for an internal image-bearing antibody. The sequences of the variable regions of the Ab3 and of the Ab1 are nearly identical, even though the Ab1 is an antibody to a peptide and the Ab3 is an antibody to a globular protein. Significantly, amino acid residues that make critical contacts with antigen in the crystal structure of the Ab3-antigen complex are highly conserved in Ab1, suggesting that the epitopes of the Ab2-β recognized by the Ab3 do indeed resemble the bound structure of the antigen.
Octopamine: Normal Occurrence in Sympathetic Nerves of Rats
Authors: Molinoff Perry , Axelrod Julius
Published: October 2006

Octopamine has been identified in several organs of normal rats by means of a sensitive enzymatic assay. It is localized within the sympathetic nerve endings.
Cuprous Complexes Formed with Isonicotinic Hydrazide
Authors: Krivis Alan F. , Rabb John M.
Published: October 2006

Chelate formation by Cu(II) and isonicotinic acid hydrazide has been postulated as an important step in the antitubercular activity of isonicotinic hydrazide (Isoniazid). Reevaluation of the copper-isonicotinic hydrazide system gives evidence for the formation of a Cu(I) species rather than a Cu(II) species. The reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) and the subsequent formation of an isonicotinic hydrazide complex with the latter ion, therefore, may be the critical reaction responsible for the efficacy of isonicotinic hydrazide against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Maser Amplification of 9.5-Gigahertz Elastic Waves in Sapphire Doped with Divalent Nickel Impurity Ions
Authors: Peterson Paul D. , Jacobsen E. H.
Published: October 2006

The three spin energy levels of divalent nickel impurity ions in sapphire interact strongly with ultrasonic waves whose frequency corresponds to certain allowed transitions between the levels. Under population inversion of the levels it is possible to achieve significant amplification of very high frequency ultrasonic waves by stimulated emission from the spin system.
Venom Neutralization by Rattlesnake Serum Albumin
Authors: Clark William C. , Voris Harold K.
Published: October 2006

The blood serum of the eastern diamond back rattlesnake (
Crotalus adamanteus
) neutralizes lethal doses of
C. adamanteus
venom in mice. The protective capacity of the serum is associated with the serum albumin, rather than the immunoglobulin fraction of the blood. Neither the serum nor its albumin fraction form precipitin bands on immunophoresis against venom.
Lunar Surface Material: Spacecraft Measurements of Density and Strength
Authors: Jaffe Leonard D.
Published: October 2006

The relation of the density of the lunar surface layer to depth is probably best determined from spacecraft measurements of the bearing capacity as a function of depth. A comparison of these values with laboratory measurements of the bearing capacity of low-cohesion particulate materials as a function of the percentage of solid indicates that the bulk density at the lunar surface is about 1.1 grams per cubic centimeter and that it increases nearly linearly to about 1.6 grams per cubic centimeter at a depth of 5 centimeters.
Glycolipid and Mucopolysaccharide Abnormality in Fibroblasts of Fabry's Disease
Authors: Matalon Reuben , Dorfman Albert , Dawson Glyn , Sweeley Charles C.
Published: October 2006

Cultures of skin fiibroblasts from a patient with Fabry's disease showed an accumulation of the glycolipid, galactosyl-galactosyl-glucosyl ceramide. Such cells also showed metachromasia on staining with toluidine blue and a markedly elevated acid mucopolysaccharide content.
Induction of Neural Differentiation in Cultures of Amphibian Undetermined Presumptive Epidermis by Cyclic AMP Derivatives
Authors: Wahn Harvey L. , Lightbody Laurace E. , Tchen T. T. , Taylor John D.
Published: October 2006

Induction of neural differentiation in cultures of undetermined presumptive epidermis from three amphibian species was achieved by the addition of 1 millimolar dibutyryl adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate, 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate, or adenosine C′,E′-monophosphate together with theophylline. Adenosine 5′-monophosphate, adenosine 2′,3′-monophosphate, dibutyryl guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate, and butyrate at 1 millimolar are ineffective. These results suggest that the action of the primary inductor or inductors may be mediated via adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate.
Human Liposarcomas: Tissue Cultures Containing Foci of Transformed Cells with Viral Particles
Authors: Morton Donald L. , Hall William T. , Malmgren Richard A.
Published: October 2006

Viral particles occurring in foci of human liposarcoma cells in tissue culture are morphologically similar to the sarcoma viruses of the avian and murine species. Antibodies in the serum of the patient from whom the culture was originated reacted with cytoplasmic antigens in the original liposarcoma and in the cultured liposarcoma cells.
Uptake of Isolated Chloroplasts by Mammalian Cells
Authors: Nass Margit M. K.
Published: October 2006

Mouse fibroblasts (L cells) in suspension culture incorporated isolated chloroplasts of spinach and African violets and isolated mitochondria of chicken liver. The organelles resided in the cell cytoplasm and were not contained in vacuoles or digestion vesicles. Green cells divided like normal cells. Green chloroplasts were followed for five cell generations or 5 days, at which time hybrid cells were greatly outnumbered by nongreen progeny cells. The ingested chloroplasts retained their structural integrity as determined by electron microscopy of organelles and hybrid cells and by analysis of photochemical activity and DNA in chloroplasts reisolated from cells after 1 or 2 days in culture.
Atmospheric Temperature: Successful Test of Remote Probing
Authors: Wark D. Q. , Hilleary D. T.
Published: October 2006

The Nimbus III satellite carries the satellite infrared spectrometer (SIRS). It measures the radiance of the earth and the atmosphere in seven narrow spectral intervals in the 15-micrometer carbon dioxide band and in one interval of minimum absorption at 11.1 micrometers. Seven simultaneous equations are solved to obtain the vertical temperature profile; the eighth measurement is used to determine the boundary condition (cloud or surface temperature). Results agree with those obtained from conventional radiosondes.
Green Blood Pigment in Lizards
Authors: Greer Allen E. , Raizes Gary
Published: October 2006

Three species of arboreal scincid lizards from the southwest Pacific have a green blood pigment which is evident in the whole blood plasma, muscles, and bones.
Pioneer 6: Measurement of Transient Faraday Rotation Phenomena Observed during Solar Occultation
Authors: Levy G. S. , Sato T. , Seidel B. L. , Stelzried C. T. , Ohlson J. E. , Rusch W. V. T.
Published: October 2006

Pioneer 6, which was launched into orbit around the sun on 16 December 1965, was occulted by the sun in the last half of November 1968. During the period in which the spacecraft was occulted by the solar corona, the S-band telemetry carrier underwent Faraday rotation as a result of this anisotropic plasma. The NASA-Jet Propulsion Laboratory 210-foot (64-meter) antenna of the Deep Space Network at Barstow, California, which was equipped with an automatic polarization tracking system, was used to measure this effect. Three large-scale transient phenomena were observed. The measurement of these phenomena indicated that Faraday rotation on the order of 40 degrees occurred. The duration of each phenomenon was approximately 2 hours. These phenomena appear to be correlated with observations of solar radio bursts with wavelengths in the dekametric region.
Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure in the Columbia River
Authors: Park P. Kilho , Gordon Louis I. , Hager Stephen W. , Cissell Milton C.
Published: October 2006

Columbia River water is supersaturated with respect to atmospheric carbon dioxide by 200 to 870 parts per million. An equilibrium exists between the carbon dioxide partial pressure and
p
H, and Henry's law is obeyed in this natural water. The carbon dioxide pressure can be calculated by a determination of the
p
H, total carbon dioxide, and temperature.
Microparticulates: Isolation from Water and Identification of Associated Chlorinated Pesticides
Authors: Pfister Robert M. , Dugan Patrick R. , Frea James I.
Published: October 2006

Microparticulates suspended in lake water were collected by continuous centrifugation and either examined directly or placed on a linear sucrose gradient. Total residue as well as fractions of the centrifuged gradient were extracted with hexane and examined by gas chromatography for the presence of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. Hexane extracts of total residues were also examined by thin-layer chromatography. Lindane and endrin were shown, by gas-liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography, to be associated with microparticles. These and other pesticides appeared to be selectively associated with microparticles of different densities, when gas-liquid chromatography was used, although concentrations were below the detection limits required for confirmation by thin-layer chromatography. Samples taken at different times from different locations in Lake Erie revealed different associations with hexane-soluble electron-capturing compounds.
Cynodont Reptile with Incipient Mammalian Jaw Articulation
Authors: Romer Alfred Sherwood
Published: October 2006

A diagnostic mammalian character is jaw articulation between squamosal and dentary bones, replacing the quadrate-articular joint of reptiles. A newly discovered Argentinian Middle Triassic form shows, for the first time in an ancestral reptile, definite evidence of a squamosal-dentary articulation supplementary to the persistent primitive connection.
Chromosome Number of a Small Protist: Accurate Determination
Authors: Moens Peter B. , Perkins Frank O.
Published: October 2006

Electron micrographs of serial sections through a meiotic prophase nucleus of the mycetozoan
Labyrinthula
sp. show that there are nine separate and distinct synaptinemal complexes. Since each complex represents a set of paired homologous chromosomes, it follows that the haploid chromosome number of this protist is nine.
Man-Made Carbon-14 in Deep Pacific Waters: Transport by Biological Skeletal Material
Authors: Somayajulu B. L. K. , Lal D. , Kusumgar S.
Published: October 2006

Calcareous particles present in Pacific waters at depths of 50 to 3500 meters were collected by filtering seawater through spongin matrix. The specific activity of carbon-14 could be measured in two of these collections from depths of 2300 and 3500 meters. The ratios of carbon-14 to carbon-12 correspond to values observed in surface waters in recent years as a result of the addition of manmade carbon-14, thus indicating that the calcareous particles resulted from recent biological productivity. The results are related to the mean settling rates and the sizes and dissolution rates of biogenic calcareous particles in transit through a seawater column.
Conformations at Local Energy Minimums for Gramicidin S: Optical Calculations
Authors: Pysh E. S.
Published: October 2006

Energy minimization techniques applied to an arbitrary peptide primary sequence result in a still large number of hypothetical structures of similar energy. Optical activity calculations can, in principle, be used to screen the low-energy conformations. Those conformations which yield a spectrum different from the observed spectrum by a factor greater than the current reliability of the calculation can be excluded. The method is applied to gramicidin S.
Abundance of Alkali Metals, Alkaline and Rare Earths, and Strontium-87/ Strontium-86 Ratios in Lunar Samples
Authors: Gast Paul W. , Hubbard Norman J.
Published: October 2006

The variation in trace element abundance patterns indicates that lunar igneous rocks are the product of extensive igneous fractionation. Variations in the Sr
87
/ Sr
86
ratio indicate that these rocks crystallized 3.5 ± 0.3 × 10
9
years ago.
Cosmogenic and Primordial Radionuclides in Lunar Samples by Nondestructive Gamma-Ray Spectrometry
Authors: Perkins Richard W. , Rancitelli Louis A. , Cooper John A. , Kaye James H. , Wogman Ned A.
Published: October 2006

The
7
Be,
22
Na,
26
Al,
44
Ti,
46
Sc,
48
V,
51
Cr,
54
Mn,
56
Co,
57
Co,
60
Co,
40
K,
238
U, and
232
Th were measured in lunar fines and portions of three rocks. Major production of cosmogenic radionuclides is due to solar protons, thus their concentrations are far different than those in meteorites. Surface exposures of the rocks and fines are long compared with the 0.74 million year half-life of
26
Al. Lunar fines show substantially higher concentrations of low energy reaction products. The ratios of thorium to uranium are extremely constant at 3.8, which indicates very little geochemical differentiation and are in good agreement with a common nucleosynthesis for lunar and earth materials.
Toxoplasma gondii
: The Oocyst, Sporozoite, and Infection of Cultured Cells
Authors: Sheffield Harley G. , Melton Marjorie L.
Published: October 2006

The infective form of
Toxoplasma gondii
found in cat feces is an oocyst which, when sporulated, resembles that of the genus Isospora in having two sporocysts. Sporozoites obtained by artificial excystation of the oocyst are infective for monkey kidney cell cultures. Ultrastructural characteristics of sporozoites resemble those seen previously in proliferative stages of
Toxoplasma gondii
.