bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Reuse Potential as Fertilizer Based on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Domestic Wastewater Biosolids (Taiwan)
Authors: Cheng Shu Fen , Chen Jyh Woei , Yen Hui Min , Huang Chin Yuan , Cheng Tsung Chieh , Chen Jia Rong , Lai Chi Ying
Published: March 2013

Use of biosolid as fertilizer, soil conditioner and soil additive has been promoted in the US, Europe and Japan for some time. However, heavy metals of high concentrations contained in the sewage biosolid may through plant absorption and food chain seriously affect human health and contaminate the soil if the sludge is used directly as fertilizer or soil conditioner. Numerous studies have been conducted on the correlation between biosolid heavy contents and bioavailability. In Taiwan, there is no integral data on concentrations and characteristics of heavy metals contained in biosolids that supports the re-use of biosolid as fertilizer. Hence, the feasibility of re-using biosolid has not be implemented and promoted. In this research, six representative wastewater treatment plants in Taiwan have been selected for collecting biosolid samples in order to understand the concentrations and characteristics of heavy metals contained in biosolids so that the feasibility of re-using these biosolids can then be evaluated. The analysis results reveal that the biosolids collected from the six wastewater treatment sludge contains Cd has the greatest concentration differences among sample collected from different wastewater treatment plants with 130.6 % difference followed by As (90.2 % difference), and Ni (71.3 % difference). Cadmium contained in Fu-Tien wastewater treatment plant sludge has the greatest difference at different sample times with 58.7% difference; nickel is the next with 47.2 % difference. When the distribution of metal bond fraction is concerned, copper, lead, cadmium and zinc show little difference; copper exists primarily in organic bond fraction, lead in residual fraction, cadmium in residual fraction and organic bond fraction, zinc in Fe/Mn-oxide bond fraction. When reused as fertilizer, the biosolid that contains cadmium, nickel and zinc could exceed the limitations. It can be rinsed in 1 M HCl solution to effective reduce its heavy metal contents to meet the minimum standards for reuse as fertilizer in soil.
Implication of Oxidative Stress in Dose-Dependent Toxicity of Silica Nanoparticles in Hepatocytes
Authors: Chen Qing Qing , Sun Jiao
Published: March 2013

Despite applications of Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) have been developed in the biomedicine field, relatively few studies have been conducted to determine the hepatotoxicity of SiO2 NPs. In the present study, rat hepatic cells (BRL cells) were directly exposed SiO2 NPs. The cytotoxicity of SiO2 NPs at different doses was studied by analyzing the cell viability, cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation (MDA). The results showed that after treatment with SiO2 NPs for 24 h, the viability of BRL cells was reduced. In addition, SiO2 NPs were also found to induce cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. In summary, exposure to SiO2 NPs resulted in a dose-dependent cytotoxicity in BRL cells that was associated with increased oxidative stress.
Optimization of Culture Parameters for Expression of Recombinant Human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Pichia pastoris Using Response Surface Methodology Combining with Plackett-Burman Design
Authors: Jiang Rui , Sun Li Wei , Zhao Yu , Feng Kai , Chen Shou Yan
Published: March 2013

In this study, we used plackett-burman design (PBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) methods to optimize media and culture conditions for expression of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) in Pichia pastoris in order to effectively enhance the production of rhbFGF. PBD was used to screen the most significant factors from nine important factors, which were fermentation time, methanol, temperature, initial pH, OD600 for inducement, concentrated volume, YNB peptone, and casein. Then RSM was further used to optimize the significant parameters. Our results had shown that three significant factors selected by PBD were temperature, fermentation time, and methanol. Base on the 3-factor-3-level central composite design (CCD) of RSM, the final optimized conditions were fermentation time 126.7h, methanol 1.3%, temperature 21.3°C, initial pH 6.0±0.1, OD600 for inducement 26, concentrated volume 100 ml, YNB 13.4%, peptone 4%, and casein 0.1%. The maximum production of rhbFGF was 302.4mg/L, which was 2 times higher than the production of rhbFGF reported in the previous studies. Those results provided the foundation for further researches on higher density cultivation condition of rhbFGF explored in the fermenter and accelerate the industrialization development of rhbFGF.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) Grafted Silica Nanoparitcles via ATRP for Bis-GMA/TEGDMA Dental Restorative Composite Resins
Authors: Zhong Hong , Zhou Xue Gang , Cai Qing , Yang Xiao Ping
Published: March 2013

To improve the dispersibility of silica nanoparticles in dimethacrylate-based dental restorative composite resins, an efficient way was proposed to surface modify silica nanoparticles with polymer grafts. Firstly, silica nanoparticles reacted with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane and 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide to obtain silica with the derived atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiators, which subsequently initiated the polymerization of methyl methacrylate to fabricate poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted silica nanohybrids. These nanohybrids could be well dispersed into bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA)/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) resin and had good interfacial bonding to the resin matrix. With the addition of modified silica nanopaticles, the flexural strength of the photo-cured composite resin was significantly increased in comparison with that of the unmodified group.
Regulation of T-Type Calcium Channels in Osteoblasts on Micro-Structured Surface Topography
Authors: Staehlke Susanne , Kunz Friederike , Loeffler Ronny , Matschegewski Claudia , Fleischer Monika , Kern Dieter P. , Nebe Barbara
Published: March 2013

Micro- and nanotopography as well as the surface chemistry of biomaterials affect cell adhesion, proliferation and cell differentiation. Furthermore, the organization and localization of intracellular adhesion components such as the actin cytoskeleton are also altered dependent on the material surface topography. However, the detailed influence of the material micro-structure on cellular mechanisms on the molecular level is still unknown. This study is intended to elucidate such effects using regular pillar structures to characterize the modulation of cell responses like the regulation of voltage-sensitive calcium channels as well as signaling molecules in human osteoblasts. To analyze cell behavior on defined biomaterial surfaces, human osteoblastic MG 63 cells were cultured on geometrically micro textured titanium coated silicon wafers, as opposed to planar titanium references. Samples were fabricated by a photolithographic process using the negative tone resist SU 8 and sputter-coated with 100 nm titanium. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry are used to detect the expression levels and the function of T type calcium channels. Knowledge about the biocomplexity of cell behavior dependent on topographical characteristics is of clinical relevance for the development of implant designs in tissue engineering.
In Vitro Experimental Investigation of the Integrity of the Stem–Cement Interface
Authors: Zhang Hong Yu , Fleming Leigh , Blunt Liam
Published: March 2013

The rationale behind failure of cemented total hip replacement is still far from being well understood in a mechanical and molecular perspective. In the present study, the integrity of the stem–cement interface was investigated through an in vitro experiment monitoring fluid flow along this interface. The results indicated that a good mechanical bonding formed at the stem–cement interface before debonding of this interface was induced by physiological loadings during the in vivo service of the hip prosthesis.
Advanced Treatment of Drinking Water by Ultrafiltration Membrane
Authors: Yang Yi Xin , Chen Jie
Published: March 2013

Advanced treatment of drinking water was performed by ultrafiltration process (UF) in this study. Experimental results showed that UF is a perfect physical sieving barrier to remove turbidity, algae and bacteria from water, which is far superior to conventional water treatment processes. But the ultrafiltration membrane is not very effective for the removal of dissolved organic matter because of the large molecular weight cut-off. And the backwashing per 30min can totally renew the ultrafiltration membrane.
Evaluation of Protein Adsorption onto Stainless Steel 316L Surface Following a Tribological Test under Reciprocating Mode
Authors: Zhang Hong Yu
Published: March 2013

In total hip replacement, once the stem–cement interface debonds under physiological loading, pseudo-synovial fluid would be pumped into this interface serving as the lubricant. In the present study, a tribological test was performed using stainless steel 316L and bone cement lubricated by 25% calf serum. The results demonstrated that the mean friction coefficient was 0.35 and slight scratches were observed on the stainless steel 316L surface. The thickness of physically adsorbed proteins was calculated as more than 10 µm, which protected the stem surface from fretting wear.
Sequence Analysis of the Cas2 Gene in Riemerella anatipestifer
Authors: He Yang , Cheng An Chun , Wang Ming Shu , Zhu De Kang , Wang Xiao Jia , Zhang Xin
Published: March 2013

Objective: By analyzing the Cas2gene of Riemerella anatipestifer (RA), the aim was to acquire more useful information as a guide of further study. Methods: Using bioinformatics method, sequence analysis of RA Cas2 gene was performed with some databases and software, including homology search, sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree analysis, composition analysis and physicochemical property analysis. Results: Homology search suggested that Cas2 protein sequence of R. anatipestifer showed high similarity to those of strains within Bergeyella zoohelcum and Capnocytophaga canimorsus, consistent with the result of multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis. The rare codon analysis revealed that there was no rare codon string in RA Cas2 gene. Conclusion: Cas2 gene of R. anatipestifer was evolutionally closely related to those strains of Bergeyella zoohelcum and Capnocytophaga canimorsus, and can be over-expressed in E.coli without considering the impact of rare codons on translation.
Spray Characterization of Palm Olein/Diesel Blends under Various Injection Pressures
Authors: Mantari M.H.A.R , Eldrainy Y.A. , Jaafar Mohammad Nazri Mohd
Published: March 2013

The Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) and spray cone angle are two important parameters that characterize spray performance. The objective of this study is to characterize palm olein/diesel blends spray in terms of spray angle and SMD under different injection pressures using a hollow cone pressure swirl atomizer. The physical properties of five diesel/palm olein blends, namely B5, B10, B15, B20 and B25 were measured and their spray characteristics were tested at injection pressures of 0.8MPa, 1.0MPa, and 1.2MPa under ambient atmospheric condition. The results were compared to spray established using petroleum diesel fuel. The SMD was measured using a phase Doppler analyzer (PDA). The spray cone angle was visualized using a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. The results indicated that petroleum diesel fuel had the widest cone angle followed by B5, B10, B15, B20 and B25 under the same injection pressure. Additionally, when the injection pressure increases from 0.8MPa to 1.2MPa, the spray cone angle widen accordingly. It is concluded that high content of palm olein in the palm biofuel blends increases viscosity and surface tension and hence higher value of SMD and narrower spray cone angle was generated. An increase in injection pressure resulted in smaller droplet SMD and wider spray cone angle.
Experimental Study for Degradation of Concrete Structure by Chloride Attack
Authors: Lee Ho Jae , Lee Jong Suk , Lee Jang Hwa , Kim Do Gyeum
Published: March 2013

It is necessary to compare the reinforced concrete’s performance degradation caused by the use of sea sand. This should be done by conducting long-term outdoor-exposure tests on the test pieces and deterioration acceleration tests on other test pieces with the same mix proportions. This will enable you to identify the relationship between the speed of deterioration by promotion tests and the deterioration speed in the natural environment.
Thermosensitive Hydrogel Incorporating Microspheres for Injectable Implant Delivery of Naltrexone
Authors: Jiang Guo Qiang , Wang Yu Jie , Ding Fu Xin
Published: March 2013

Long-term drug delivery based on the injectable thermosensitive hydrogel is of great advantage to the administration of naltrexone, but the constant release is hard to reach due to the sol-gel transition and the high water content of the hydrogel. The aim of the present study is to develop an injectable implant delivery system by the incorporation of microspheres into thermosensitive hydrogel for the long-term constant release of naltrexone. Naltrexone was loaded in PLGA microsphere dispersed in the methylcellulose based thermosensitive sol, which formed the hydrogel containing the naltrexone-loaded microspheres at the body temperature. The presence of microsphere in the hydrogel delayed the sol-gel transition slightly but enhanced the mechanical strength of the hydrogel significantly. The microspheres degradation in water diffusion dominated phase was decelerated when they were embed in the hydrogel. The in vitro naltrexone release from the microsphere/hydrogel system showed an over 60 days constant release with no significant burst release, and the drug release rate was in proportion to the microsphere concentration in the hydrogel.
A New Fluorescence Method for the Determination of Hsa Using Graphite Oxide as Nanoprobe
Authors: Zhang Xin Hui , Xu Li Li , Liang Ai Hui , Jiang Zhi Liang
Published: March 2013

Graphite oxide (GO) was prepared by Hummer procedure, and can be dispersed to obtain stable GO nanocolloid solution by ultrasonic wave. The GO exhibited a weak fluorescence peak at 425 nm in pH 4.6 HAc-NaAc buffer solution. Upon addition of human serum albumin (HSA), it combined with GO nanoprobe to form big HSA-GO particles that caused the fluorescence peak increasing. The increased fluorescence intensity was linear to HSA concentration in the range of 2-200 μg/mL. Thus, a new and simple fluorescence method was proposed for the determination of HSA in real sample.
Synthesis of Phenolic Resin and its Sand Consolidation
Authors: Zhang Fu Sheng , Ouyang Jian , Ma Xin Tong , Feng Xin Fang
Published: March 2013

According to phenolic resin curing mechanism, its structure was improved to enhance consolidation strength and decrease resin dosage, so costs of sand control was decreased remarkably. phenolic resin, which can has a higher consolidation strength at lower temperature, was prepared, the many factors on which effect on its consolidation strength was investigated detailedly.
Effect of Host Media on Microbial Influenced Corrosion due to Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
Authors: Singh Ajay K. , Lata Suman
Published: March 2013

Present paper presents study on microbial induced corrosion (MIC) on stainless steels due to Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in different host media e.g. inoculated modified Baar’s media, sodium chloride solution and artificial sea water in anaerobic conditions. Electrochemical polarization and immersion tests were performed for estimating corrosion attack. Corrosion was observed maximum in case of exposure to sea water followed by NaCl solution, both having sulfide and chloride whereas stainless steel exposed to Baar’s media, having sulfide, showed minimum attack. Tendency of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to bind metal ions is found to be responsible for governing the extent of corrosion attack.
Mechanical Properties of P34HB/PLA Binary Blendsafter Thermal-Oxidative and Hydrothermal Aging
Authors: Xi Wen Can , Kang Hong Mei , Li Hua , Liu He Zhou , Wang Wei Jie , Zhong Lu Hua , Tan Guan Yue , Lan Xiao Ping
Published: March 2013

Binary blendscomposed of polyhrdroxyalkanoates (P34HB) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with various P34HB weight percentage were preparedby extrusion and compressing molding.Both the thermo-oxidative agingat 80°Cand the hydrothermal aging at 80°C with 80% humidity were performed for 300 h for the P34HB/PLA blends respectively.The mechanical properties of tensile strength and elongation-at-breakrevealed that P34HB/PLA blends possessedthe balanced mechanical properties between P34HB and PLA,theblends with higher ratio of P34HBshowed thedeteriorative mechanical behavior in the aging environment faster than thoseblends with lower ratio of P34HB.
Surface Characteristics of Nanostructure Formed on Sand Blasted with Large Grit and Acid Etched Dental Implant
Authors: Moon Seung Kyun , Kwon Jae Sung , Baik Seong Wan , Jeon Gye Rok , Ro Jung Hoon , Eom Tae Gwan , Kim Kyoung Nam
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this study was to apply nanotechnology to dental implant for improved osseointegration. Titania nanostructures were fabricated on the sand blasted with large grit and acid etched (SA) titanium (ASTM grade 4) implants (TSIII SA®, Osstem, 3.5 x 5 mm) using potentiostatic anodic oxidation in HF. The nanostructures were uniformly formed on the SA surface. The mean pore size of nanostructure was about 30 nm. In the result of torque test, the nanostructure formed on SA surface was preserved from the torque, even after the loading of 40Ncm. An amorphous titania nanostructure was annealed at 400 °C. Through heat treatment, the amorphous titania nanostructure was turned into anatase phase. Hydrofluoric acid was used as the electrolyte to form nanostructure. In the result of ion release test, however, fluoride ions were not detected at the heat treated group. Therefore, such nanostructured SA implant (Nano-SA) will be suitable for dental implant.
An Improved Parallel FFT Algorithm Based on the GPU
Authors: Li Yong
Published: March 2013

With the extensive applications of FFT in digital signal processing and image signal processing which needs a extensive application of large-scale computing, it become more and more important to improve parallelism, especially efficient and scalable parallel of FFT algorithm. This paper improves the parallelism of the FFT algorithm based on the Six-Step FFT algorithm. The introduction of GPU to parallel computing is to realize parallel FFT computing in a single machine and to improve the speed of Frontier transform. With the optimization strategy of the mapping hiding the transport matrix, the performance of parallel FFT algorithm after optimization is remarkably promoted by the assignment of matrix calculation and butterfly computation to GPU. Finally it applies to design the digital filter in seismic data.
Image Restoration Based on Partial Differential Equations (PDEs)
Authors: Jiang Xin , Zhang Ren Jie
Published: March 2013

Image restoration plays an important role in both the quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis of image. It directly affects the further works of analysis and processing. At present, a large number of image restoration methods are recorded in the literatures. And image restoration method based on partial differential equations(PDEs) is one of the main tools in this area. Although these methods often seem powerless for the images with complex features, image restoration method based on PDEs still has its advantages cannot be replaced. In this paper, we make a summary and appraisal on image restoration methods based on PDEs on basis of the analysis for image characteristics and predict the development trend of image restoration methods based on PDEs.
Research of a Low Cost Pressure Sensor for SHU Dexterous Hand
Authors: Xu Yu Lin , Zhang Bo , Wu Jun Jie , Jiao Zhan Si , Wang Gang
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a low cost pressure sensor for SHU dexterous hand and outlines the pressure experiments performed. The sensor is based on the semiconductive material, and multi-layer structure. The operating principle of the sensor is explained. The experimental results demonstrate the sensor has linear properties and can provide available information.
Profits Distribution within Main Manufacturer and Suppliers in Supply Chain Based on Synergetic Theory
Authors: Chen Hong Zhuan , Hu Hai Dong , Yang Zhen
Published: March 2013

The paper discusses the main manufactures-suppliers mode cooperation mechanism based on synergetic theory, and it explicates the rule of interests flow through order parameter forming principle, and evaluated the synergetic degree of the system based on five key order parameters, then it designs an interest distribution model to explain the relationship among synergy degree and contribution coefficients and interest distribution coefficients, which made important meaning to guide the supply chain practical operation.
Investigation on Osteoblast Growth on the Modified Surface of Porous Titanium
Authors: Xu Guang Sheng , Kou Hong Chao , Li Ruo Lin , Liu Xiang Hong , Lu Ting Li , Li Q. , Zhou Lian
Published: March 2013

Three methods have been used to modify the porous titanium surface, which is the alkali heat treatment, alkali heat treatment + SBF solution soak and alkali heat treatment + precalcidied + SBF solution soak. The morphology of different surfaces was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell was cultured on the modified and unmodified surface of porous titanium with 3days and 7days, the morphology of osteoblast adhesion and growth on different surface was observed. The results showed that osteoblast adhere on the modified and unmodified surface of the porous titanium. Osteoblast on AHS and HA modified surface can grow and spread, but it cannot grow and spread on unmodified and AH modified surface of the porous titanium. Osteoblast can grow across the different titanium fibers of on HA modified surface of porous titanium. Osteoblast on the HA surface has the very good biological suitability, which is beneficial to the combination of bone tissue and porous titanium.
Study on Preparation of Solid Concrete Brick with Recycled Aggregate
Authors: Li Qi Jin , Li Guo Zhong
Published: March 2013

The construction waste was processed into recycled aggregate to produce solid construction waste brick with grade of MU20. The preparation process of recycled aggregate and the optimal value of mass ratio of water to cement (water cement ratio) and mass ratio of recycled aggregate to cement was studied. The results shows that when the water cement ratio is 0.86 and the mass ratio of recycled aggregate to cement is 5.5 and the dosage of activator is 0.25% (mass fraction with recycled aggregate), the compressive strength of sample is 22.5MPa and can be satisfied with the requirement of MU20 solid concrete brick.
The Research on the Corrosion Inhibitor for the 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Yang Rui Song , Li Ming Tian , Jin Yong Zhong
Published: March 2013

In order to get an economical and high-efficiency corrosion inhibitor, in this paper the weight loss method were used to investigate the corrosion inhibition rate of the combined inhibitor. The thiourea, urotropine and Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) were combined each other. The results showed that double combined and triple combined inhibitor all had a high corrosion inhibition rate. Especially the thiourea combined with urotropine, whose concentration were 0.02 g/L and 0.08 g/L respectively, had a lowest cost and the corrosion inhibition rate was 91.22%.
Experimental Research on Flexural Mechanical Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members
Authors: Wang Xiao Chu , Zhang Jian Peng , Liu Hong Tao
Published: March 2013

Based on the cross-section bending of 5 carbon fiber concrete beams, the mechanism of deflection and strain of carbon fiber concrete beam were studied considering the variation of the length of carbon fiber and stirrup ratio. The experimental results show that the deflection of destruction increased with the increase of the length of the carbon fiber, and the effect of stirrup ratio on deflection and strain of beams is not obvious. The carbon fiber can effectively improve the brittle failure of concrete beam, and the stain of concrete accorded with that steel bar at the same height. According to the existing test model, the theoretical calculating formula of CFRC was proposed and applied for the cracking load calculation expression of CRFC beams, and theoretical calculated results agree well with experimental results.
Interspecies H2 Transfer of Syntrophic Microbes in Co-Fermentation with Properties of Biochemical Materials for Hydrogen and Methane Production
Authors: Yin Fang , Zhang Wu Di , Liu Jing , Huang Zun Xi
Published: March 2013

Bacteria and archaea that live in syntrophic communities take advantage of the metabolic abilities of their syntrophic partner to overcome energy barriers and break down compounds that they cannot digest by themselves. Interspecies electron transfer is a key process in methanogenic and sulphate-reducing environments. The transfer of hydrogen and formate between bacteria and archaea helps to sustain growth in syntrophic methanogenic communities.
Modeling and Simulation of the Crawler Passing Institutions of a New Type of Entertainment Machine with Mechanical Engineering Materials
Authors: Hao Jin Ying , Wu Lin
Published: March 2013

The research is a passing mechanism of one new entertainment machine .It can deliver the ball to the destination by the chain wheel which can drive a track in a large angle of elevation .Through the UG6.0, one model basis on the mechanical engineering materials is accurate. It can pass the assembled passing crawlers and racks into ANSYS, at the same time it can also have a static analysis on the track firstly after the repair. Due to the mechanical engineering materials we have three operating modes that can find out the most dangerous place. With the support of the crawler calculation results, it can compute the stress condition of a rack in travel to demonstrate the feasibility of this passing scheme.
Force Research of Piercing Process in Diescher’s Mill with Mechanical Properties by FEM Simulation
Authors: Lu Lu , Wang Zhao Xu
Published: March 2013

This paper deals with numerical modeling of the piercing process of a thick-walled tube in two rolls skew rolling mill, equipped with Diescher’s guiding discs. After a short description of the problem the numerical model of the process is described. The sensitivity of the simulation results to numerical methods and physical parameters is discussed. The simulated results visualize dynamic evolution of force in the piercing process. The stability of the process and force condition is analyzed by FEM simulation. The model is verified by comparing the values of calculated force parameters and those measured in laboratory conditions. Finally, the future plans are presented.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and DNA Binding of a Chiral New Cu(II) Complex with (1R, 2R)-1,2-Hexanediamine
Authors: Jiang Yin Zhi , Chen Zhen Yu , Zhang Lian Qun
Published: March 2013

The compound 1, (R,R)-N,N’-bis(benzaldehyde)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine schiff base was synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR spectra, MS spectra and IR spectra. And the coordination reaction of 1 with nitrate of Cu (II) was studied. The reaction of 1 with CuII salt [Cu(NO3)2.2H2O] generates a new compound 2. The compound 2 was determined by IR spectra, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for 2: space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) , with a= 9.632(12)Å, b = 9.706(12)Å, c = 22.04(3)Å, α=90.00 º,β=90.00 º , γ=90.00 º, Flack=0.02(3), Z=4, V= 2061(4) Å 3, Dc=1.457 mg.m-3, µ=1.109mm-1, F(000)=956. There are 6 coordination sites around Cu2+ of 2, which are respectively occupied by two oxygen atoms (all from two H2O) and four nitrogen atoms all from two cyclohexanediamine molecule. The Cu atom and four chelating nitrogen atoms are coplanar. There exist intra-molecular H-bond and intermolecular H-bond. The DNA binding behaviors of 2 has been examined by viscosity measurements, fluorescent spectroscopy, absorption spectra and cyclic voltammetric techniques. Results suggest that the compound 2 binds to DNA with a non-classical intercalative mode and static interaction mode. The observed efficient nuclease activity of the compound 2 is interesting and may have further influences in the chemistry of DNA binders.
A Comparison Analysis of Boiler Feed-Water Pump Set for the 1000MW Power Plant with Energy Saving in Energy Engineering
Authors: Shen Jian , Huang Zhao Hua , Wang Jian Mei , Zhang Chun Lin , Ma Cheng
Published: March 2013

This article compares the domestic configurations of the boiler feed-water pump for 1000MW units, and takes the technical and economic comparison of the feed-water pump type selection. Analyzed diverse configurations of the boiler feed-water pump set. For example, to 1000MW units boiler feed-water pump set in a factory, obtained relatively optimal configuration of feed-water pump in connection with various technical and economic index.
Application of Advanced PID Controller for Wind Energy Conversion System with Optimal Design
Authors: Sun Gang , Wang Wu
Published: March 2013

The major factors of the global energy crisis, environmental pollution and climate change, are greatly promote the development and utilization of renewable energy. The large power wind power generation system was constructed based on squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG), the mathematical models was created With MATLAB/Simulink platform, the SCIG vector control system was designed and the three closed control loop which were torque control loop, speed control loop, power control loop and the optimal control system was integrated at last, the simulation result shows this control system can realize optimal control for large wind energy conversion system which can effectively applied into SCIG wind power generation system for system modification.
Assessment on Vegetation Dynamics under Climate Change for Energy Saving with Satellite Data and Geographically Weighted Regression
Authors: Zhao Na , Zeng Xiao Fan , Zhou Jian Zhong
Published: March 2013

The sensitivity of net primary productivity (NPP) to future climate change is critical for carbon dynamics and energy saving. Geographically weighted regression, which allows the use of remotely sensed NPP to establish spatial correlations with leaf area index (LAI) and topographically-based climate factors (temperature, precipitation and solar radiation), is introduced in this paper. For most area of North China, the effect of precipitation and LAI on NPP is positive, while that of temperature is negative. Grassland is most sensitive to climate change. LAI will decrease by -21.96%. Similarly, climate change may reduce NPP by -6.29%.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Bio-Activity of 1-Phenyl-3-(2-Hydroxyl-Phenyl)-5-(2,4-Chloro-Phenyl)-2-Pyrazoline
Authors: Jiang Yin Zhi , Shi Ya Yi , Liang Da Wei
Published: March 2013

The title compound 1-Phenyl-3-(2-Hydroxyl–Phenyl)-5-(2,4-Chloro-Phenyl)-2-pyrazoline（C21H16Cl2N2O,Mr=383.26） was prepared from chalcone and phenylhydrazine. It was characterized by IR spectra, NMR spectra, MS spectra and X-Ray. The following crystal data was given: space group Pbca, with a=8.9678(7), b=14.1785(11), c=28.603(2)Å, β=90.00°, V=3636.8(5)nm3, Z=8, Dc=1.400mg/m3, μ=0.369mm-1, F(000)=1584, R=0.0492 and wR=0.1175. Found that there exist intramolecular H-bonds and the structure was one-dimensional lattice molecular. The inhibitory effects on EcMetAPof the title compound was determined and its inhibition was 31.62%. Its molecular ﬁeld-based similarity analysis provided the necessary three-dimensional molecular ﬁeld properties of the title compound to inhibit EcMetAP activities, and found that the EcMetAP inhibit-activities could be increased by addition electron donating groups at position 1,2 and 4 of pyrazole ring.
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Steel-Encased Composite Continuous Beams with High Strength Materials
Authors: Shi Qi Yin , Ge Yi Tao , Cao Li Lin , Zhang Zhao Chang
Published: March 2013

In this study, based on the test of the high strength materials of steel-encased concrete composite continuous beam, the ultimate flexural capacity of 8 composite continuous beams are analyzed by using the finite element analysis software ABAQUS. Numerical results show that it is a very good agreement for the load-deflection curves which obtained by finite element method (FEM) and those by the test results, and the error control is less than 8.5%. When selecting and utilizing appropriate cyclic constitutive model, element model and failure criterion of high strength steel and high strength concrete, the accuracy of the calculation can be improved better.
The Research of Mn Modified Carbon Sphere Supported Pt Catalyst Material for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Wang Kun Qi , Tang Juan , Gao Ying
Published: March 2013

Mn modified carbon sphere supported Pt catalyst was successfully prepared through a one-pot process. The modification of carbon sphere was operated in liquid phase reaction without any post-processing, and Pt was directly reduced to deposit on the composite support in the same suspension system. The role of Mn as a modifier can show change of adsorption state by XPS, XRD and electrochemical tests. At the same time, the improved the methanol electrooxidation performance, can be proved from lower adsorptive capacity and lower electrooxidation peak potential.
Regeneration of Precast Panel Buildings in Terms of its Effect on Daylight
Authors: Bošová Daniela , Janečková Lenka
Published: March 2013

The regeneration of precast panel buildings is very often connected with a complete reconstruction of the existing external skin. This involves, in particular, the replacement of window openings, the installation of additional contact thermal insulation or modifications of projecting structures, including loggia glazing and, last but not least, changes in the colour shading of the surface façade layer. These interventions undoubtedly contribute to improved energy efficiency of the building, but secondary negative effects on the interior environment in terms of the daylight level must also be considered. As the aim is to modernise such buildings to reduce their energy, economic and ecological performance requirements, the maximum utilisation of daylight in the interior is one of non-negligible aspects.
The Importance of a Fan Location in the Front Door in Measuring of the Air Permeability by the Blower Door Test
Authors: Hrubá Barbora , Černíková Marcela , Kucerova Lucie , Martiník Lubomír
Published: March 2013

The value of air permeability, or the value of n50 provides important information about the impermeability of the building envelope and thus the quality of internal environment of the building. It is also one of the main evaluation criteria in classifying energy efficient buildings. Air permeability is determined by Blower Door Test where the fan blows air in or out from the measured area. The measurement is performed in a overpressure and afterwards in a underpressure during which the leaks are detected. The frame is usually placed into the front door which themselves is a weak part in the building envelope, and thus the rate of leakage completely denies. The effect of leakage of the front door is so significant that it can often cause a misclassification of the energy efficient buildings. We have tested this hypothesis by Blower Door Test on a passive timber construction build in 2007 during which we have measured the object in position of measuring device placed in the front door and the balcony door that are not encumbered by leaks caused by a security hardware and by other specific elements
Including Sustainability Criteria in Architectural Completion: A Critical Case Study of Current Practices
Authors: Kiesel Kristina , Pont Ulrich , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: March 2013

The Architectural competition announcements in Austria, as well as in most other European countries, regularly mention sustainability as a fundamental factor for decision-making. The consideration of energy performance, environmental performance of materials (embodied energy, reuse or recycling potential, toxicity), natural ventilation, and daylight availability are typically mentioned in the list of project requirements. In this context, the present contribution considers three actual architectural competition cases. Thereby, we investigated the kinds and depth of sustainability-related criteria as included in the competition announcements (e.g., hard versus soft requirements, qualitative versus quantitative benchmarks) . Moreover, we explored the level to which competition entries actually responded to the sustainability-related competition criteria. Thus, the submission materials (project narratives, posters and simple calculations if existing) available to the jury were analysed in detail. Toward this end, two approaches were selected: A qualitative approach focused on the use of certain terminology within the documentation of the projects. The second approach took certain numeric indicators into consideration such as heating demand and OI3 Index (sustainability). In those cases where the indicator values were not submitted by the participants, they were calculated by the authors based on available documentation. The study implies the need for a reconsideration of the process of formulating architectural competitions and evaluating the related submissions. It appears that currently the sustainability-related requirements in competition documentations do not lead to entries, which provide sufficient information for accountable jury evaluation. Rather, alternative and/or additional comprehensive indicators of sustainability and ecological performance must be included in a clear and systematic fashion in architectural competition narratives.
Problems with Formation of Caverns in the Wells for Heat
Authors: Galas Otakar , Kořínek Robert , Michnová Lenka , Martiník Lubomír
Published: March 2013

This contribution is concerned with the issue of defects in rock that is accompanied by the withdrawal of heat during cooling the Massif from different strata in the rock structure. The defects affect the heating performance of heat pump system earth - water. Also, they affect the surface structure of soil above the moving collectors. This area in proposals of earth-water heat pump systems is being marginalized into the background by the majority of planners in case that it is solved. Therefore, there are stated the following possible break-downs and their solutions with respect to emphasis on geological and hydrological project.
Technology in Architecture – Low Energy Building versus Green and Sustainable Building
Authors: Bielek Milan , Bielek Boris , Híreš Juraj
Published: March 2013

Interaction - society, ecology and energy. Technology and its three principal areas in society represented by industry, transportation and human settlements. Human settlements and architecture as a symbiosis of function, aesthetics, technology and economics. The criterion of the art in architecture expressed by system link Building - Climate - Energy. New value relationships in the human economy. Transformation of the material sector, energy sector and the entire economy. Low-energy building of today. Green building as an important transitional phase to the target program of sustainable future building.
Environmental Assessment of Structural Elements from Secondary Raw Materials
Authors: Struhala Karel , Stránská Zuzana , Matějka Libor
Published: March 2013

This paper deals with the environmental assessment of production of structural elements made of secondary raw materials developed by the Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, with use of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) methodology. Structural elements made of this material can be used in the building constructions as thermal insulating elements resisting high mechanical loads which could be used for minimizing the thermal bridges in structural details of buildings, such as the substructure below doors and windows, thermal insulation of the base of the wall, etc. This paper presents the identified environmental impacts of the prototype production of this structural element.
Greening of Concrete Industry by Incorporating Gypsum-Based Industrial Wastes as Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Authors: Toma Ionut Ovidiu , Covatariu Daniel , Toma Ana Maria , Taranu George , Budescu Mihai
Published: March 2013

The paper presents some preliminary results on using a new supplementary Cementitious material based on industrial by-products most of them unrecyclable until recently. The opportunity for using such industrial unrecyclable wastes in construction industry has recently been recognized by researchers as having net benefits for the environment. This strategy has the potential to reduce costs, conserve energy and minimize waste. The concept very much fits into the era of sustainable development. In view of this fact, the effect of curing conditions on the self weight and strength characteristics of an eco-mortar is studied and preliminary encouraging results are presented. The eco-cement, in the form of anhydrous calcium sulphate, is set to replace the ordinary Portland cement in the mix proportion. It is made from industrial wastes and can be entirely recycled after its expiration date. The curing conditions consisted in air curing for 28 days or various time intervals for curing in water until the day of testing. The strength properties at the age of 28 days are investigated in terms of bending tensile strength and compressive strength. The obtained results show that the curing conditions play an important role both on the self weight and on the strength characteristics.
Aerodynamic Mode of Double-Skin Transparent Façade with Narrow Physical Cavity and its Influence on Indoor Environment in the Summer Season
Authors: Bielek Boris , Bielek Milan , Mikle Stanislav , Szabo Jan
Published: March 2013

Tall slab-shaped building of north-south orientation. Narrow-cavity double skin transparent façade. South (S) external wall with application of double-skin transparent façade. Aerodynamic regime of narrow-cavity double skin transparent façade in summer. The total aerodynamic resistance of natural physical cavity and its relationship to the convection air lift force. Air stagnation in the cavity as the physical defect of the double-skin façade. Aerodynamics of the double-skin transparent façade as a conditional factor of the thermal discomfort of indoor climate in the building.
Passive Infra Reflectors and its Simulation in Radiance Software
Authors: Kopkáně Daniel , Vajkay František
Published: March 2013

Retroreflection of infrared radiation can be used to suppress the losses of thermal radiation. This can mitigate uncomfortable feeling of cold in unheated environments as well as suppress loss of heat in technological processes where standard insulations can be hardly applied. Shortly it handles about a process opposite to heat accumulation, needed in case of PCM panels inside building. The paper presents a concept of evaluation of retroreflection with the help of computer simulations in RADIANCE.
Analysis of the Influence of Geometrical Thermal Bridges and their Elimination by Using a Composite Material Based on Secondary Raw Materials
Authors: Matějka Libor , Matějka Libor , Pěnčík Jan
Published: March 2013

This paper describes the problems of geometrical thermal bridges and discusses their relative influence on building heat loss. The paper also deals with the use of composite material based on secondary raw materials for elimination of thermal bridges in wall footing detail and flat roof parapet detail.
Microscopic Filamentous Fungi in Buildings, Preventing their Occurrence and their Remediation Using Nanofibers
Authors: Rácová Zuzana , Wasserbauer Richard , Ryparová Pavla
Published: March 2013

The article is focused on prevention and remediation of the occurrence of microscopic filamentous fungi in buildings. The remediation of these fungi can be performed using classical methods (spray, paint, etc.) or use new methods - which include use of nanotechnology, e.g. nanofibers. The nanofibers have specific functional characteristics (e.g. large surface area, etc) according to their production and it can be used for remediation and prevention of occurrence of microscopic filamentous fungi. The effect of nanofibers can be increase by adding nanoparticles or another antimicrobial substance into electrospinning polymer. The article presents the first experimental results with the nanofibers, which could be applied on place with the occurrence of microscopic filamentous fungi, or on place where is expectation their occurrence in future.
Formation of Titanium Oxide by Thermal-Electrochemical Process on the Blasted Titanium Alloys Substrate
Authors: Ramdan Raden Dadan , Djuansjah Joy Rizki Pangestu , Kadir Mohamed Rafiq Abdul , Nur Hadi , Hamzah Esah
Published: March 2013

Titanium oxide is believed as one of the key factors that influence the excellent corrosion properties as well as biocompatibility of titanium alloy. In the present research, thermal-electrochemical anodizing processes were performed in order to form thick layer of titanium oxide on titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) surface. Oxidation temperature, blasting and anodizing voltage were selected as the evaluated parameters process at the present study. It was observed that temperature plays important role in the formation of oxide layer, where the thickness of the oxide increases significantly as temperature increases. However, for the case of oxide layer formed by thermal oxidation at temperature of 950oC, oxide layer on the non-blasted sample become easily peel off, whereas oxide layer on the blasted sample shows good adhesion properties. In addition, oxide layer on the blasted samples also have thicker layer as compared with oxide on the non-blasted sample. On the other hand, it was observed that further oxidation by anodizing at 43V and 63V create finer oxide layer by the filled up of porosity on the existing oxide layer. However decreasing of oxide layer thickness was also observed after anodizing, which is predicted due to the breaking up the outer oxide layer during anodizing process.