bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TARİH ÖNCESİ ARKEOLOJİSİ'NDE DOĞRU SORULARIN BASİT CEVAPLARI YA DA ETNOARKEOLOJİK REFERANSLARIN KIRILGANLIĞI
Authors: ALTUN Mehmet
Published: September 2023

Özet
Bu çalışmada temel olarak arkeolojik referansların yardımıyla doğru soruları sormanın önemi vurgulanmak istenmiştir. Zira bütün sosyal bilimlerin temel sorunlarının başında doğru soru sormakla veya soramamakla ilgili sorunlar gelir. Bu temel problemin en yaygın görüldüğü alanlardan biri de hiç kuşkusuz ki arkeolojidir. Arkeolojinin bu bağlamda gözlenebilen çıkmazı, diğer sosyal bilimlerden pek de farklı değildir. Zira doğru soru sormanın önündeki en yaygın bariyer, geçmişte yapılmış yorumlar ve bu yorumların oluşturduğu genel kabullerdir. Oysa bütün bilimlerde olduğu gibi, arkeolojide de giderek çeşitlenen yöntemler ve yaklaşımlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yeni fikirler, yeni değerlendirmeler, farklı ve çeşitlenmiş teknolojiler, birbirinden kopuk olmayan, çoğu zaman tamamlayıcı veriler sunan yeni kazı ve araştırma alanları, farklı tarihleme yöntemleri ve daha birçok etken ortaya çıkmış durumdadır. Bunun için hiç kuşkusuz ki, arkeolojik yorumlara, adet olduğu üzere projeksiyon tutmak yerine, aşağıdan bakmayı denemek özgün bir yaklaşım olabilir. Bu yaklaşım belli ölçülerde kendini tanımlayıcı kudret kabul eden bilge araştırmacı yaklaşımından çok, şaşırmaya hazır meraklı bir öğrenci yaklaşımıyla mümkün olabilirmiş gibi geliyor. İşte bu nedenle, okumakta olduğunuz bu makale, çoğunlukla mükemmel cevabı arayan sorulara karşın, zaman zaman mükemmel cevaplardan çok, doğru soruları sormaya duyulan gereksinimin altını çizmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu yanıyla amaç, mükemmel cevabı bulmaktan ziyade, doğru soruları bulmaktır. Bu bağlamda doğru ve yerinde soruların çoğunlukla mükemmel bir cevaba ihtiyacının olmadığının altını çizmeyi hedeflemektedir. Şu hâlde bu çalışma açıklıkla mükemmel cevabın değil, doğru sorunun peşindedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Tarihöncesi Arkeolojisi, Sosyal Bilimler, Analoji, Etnoarkeoloji, Etnografi, Neolitik, İdoller
Zmiany uczestnictwa w niedzielnych praktykach religijnych w diecezjach w Polsce w latach 2004–2018
Authors: GRZEGORCZYK Małgorzata
Published: September 2023

The article describes the dynamics of religious practices on Sundays of Catholics in dioceses in Poland in the years 2004–2018. It aims to present the regional differentiation of the dioceses of the Catholic Church in Poland on the basis of changes in the values of dominicantes and communicantes, and to indicate areas in Poland with similar changes in participation in religious practices on Sundays. A typology of the dioceses was done on the basis of changes in the values of the dominicantes and communicantes indicators from 2004 to 2018, using data from the Institute for Catholic Church Statistics. The results indicate the geographical and historical determinants of the changes – participation in religious practices increased in the dioceses located in the area of the former Congress Kingdom (mostly in its eastern part) and Galicia, and decreased primarily in the dioceses located in the Recovered Territories and Greater Poland.
Avrupa Güvenliğinde NATO-PESCO İlişkileri: İş Birliği Mi İkilem Mi?
Authors: ZORBA BAYRAKTAR Hilal
Published: September 2023

Uzun yıllar süren birçok savaşın ve nihayetinde I. ve II. Dünya Savaşları’nın sonucunda Avrupa’da güvenliğin sağlanmasına yönelik bir ihtiyaç ortaya çıkmıştır. Başlarda buradaki temel motivasyon Avrupa ülkeleri arasında ve Avrupa kıtasında bir daha savaşmamayı sağlayacak olan bir formül oluşturma isteğidir. Bu nedenle önceleri ekonomik bir birlik olarak düşünülen ancak daha derin iş birliklerini de içerisinde barındıran Avrupa Birliği (AB) mekanizması oluşturulmuştur. Her ne kadar ülkeler arasındaki ekonomik iş birliği kendi aralarında savaşmalarını engellese de; Birliğin dışından kaynaklanan tehditler hala bir problem olarak görülmektedir. Bu nedenle Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)’nin liderliği altındaki Kuzey Atlantik Antlaşması Örgütü (NATO) uzun yıllar Avrupa güvenliğinin temel aktörlerinden biri olmuş ve bu konuda sahip olduğu ayrıcalıklı konumu korumaya devam etmiştir. Bugün gelinen noktada Avrupa güvenliği için “yeni tehditler” nelerdir? Bu tehditlerle başa çıkma noktasında 2030 NATO Stratejik Konseptiyle uyumlu olarak Avrupa güvenliğinde NATO’nun rolü ve Kalıcı Yapılandırılmış İşbirliği (PESCO)’nin yarattığı yeni durum analiz edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Avrupa’da güvenliği sağlamak için NATO-PESCO mekanizmaları arasında bir iş birliği yapılabilir mi? sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. Sonuçta, Avrupa güvenliğinde NATO’nun aktif olarak yer almaya devam edeceği, yeni oluşturulan mekanizmaların ise yalnızca politika yapımı konusunda ve NATO’yu destekleyici olarak rol alabileceği görülmüştür.
The Integration of Soft Skills in Professional Education: Exploring the Importance of Communication, Teamwork, and Interpersonal Skills in Professional Training and the Methods Used to Incorporate them into Educational Programs
Authors: Leonielyn G. Malicay
Published: September 2023

The integration of soft skills, encompassing communication, teamwork, and adaptability, is of paramount importance in modern professional education. This study explores the significance of these skills and the methods used to incorporate them into educational programs. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews, we assess perceptions, examine correlations with job performance, and identify the most emphasized soft skills. Our findings highlight a consensus among stakeholders on the importance of soft skills, positive correlations with job performance, and an emphasis on specific skills in educational programs. Recommendations include faculty development, curriculum enhancement, resource allocation, cultural change, continuous assessment, and cross-functional collaboration. These insights inform the ongoing discourse on the integration of soft skills in professional education, offering actionable strategies for better preparing individuals for success in the contemporary workforce
Complaint Registration App for E-Governance
Authors: Bhagyalekshmi A R  , Prof. Miriam Thomas
Published: September 2023

The "Complaint Registration App for e-governance" is a software application designed to allow individuals to easily submit and track complaints to a government agency or private organization. The app provides a user-friendly interface for individuals to enter details about their complaint, including the nature of the issue, the location, and any relevant information or documentation. The Complaint Registration App for e-governance includes a number of features to streamline the complaint submission process and improve communication between individuals and the organization. The Complaint Registration App for e-governance is intended to improve the efficiency and transparency of the complaint submission process and effectively address and resolve issues raised by individuals. The website may utilize various technologies and frameworks, such as React, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and server-side languages, to create a seamless and engaging user experience.
CHANGELIVESORG
Authors: Sreelekshmi B S  , Prof. Rajitha P R
Published: September 2023

A website called "CHANGELIVESORG" was created to make volunteering and donating to charities easier. People can browse a range of charity causes and organizations on the platform's user-friendly website, where they can also securely make online donations. Additionally, it offers a platform for people to join up to donate their time and talents. The proposed method makes it simpler to coordinate and manage philanthropic activities because it is quick and responsive. Because of the platform's transparency, contributors and event planners can see how their money is being spent. It is made to reach more people who are in need, enhancing the impact of humanitarian endeavors. The software gives event planners a means to manage volunteers and donations, streamline the application process, and request assistance for events.
Document Fraud Detecting System
Authors: Bhagya. S  , Dr. Sajeev J
Published: September 2023

“Document Fraud Detecting System” deals with detection of fraud documents as well as copied contents from the existing documents. The system has a wide range of applications. This can be implemented in various fields. The proposed system is implemented for colleges , where documents submitted by students are checked for fraudulent activities. Whenever a fraudulent activity is detected a warning is send to the student. The existing system contains lots of paper work. It is difficult to detect any fraudulent documents and also it is a tedious work to find copied contents from the internet. In the proposed system the admin can register the staffs and students. The students can submit their assignments to the staff. The staff verifies the assignments by comparing existing assignment and the system detects whether the assignments submitted by the students are copied or not. Whenever a fraudulent activity is identified a warning is send to the student. If the document is genuine the staff can give suggestions about the document to the students. Then the student can rewrite their assignments according to the suggestions and submit their hardcopy. Document fraud is an intentional act designed to obtain a financial advantage or an undue service. To be efficient as possible, fraud detection must combine several complementary analysis methods, which together allow an optimal appreciation of the authenticity of the elements. Document fraud has become the third largest criminal industry world. Prevention of fraud and abuse has become a major concern of many organizations .Fraud detection involves a static approach, which searches for inconsistencies in the compositional profile of the object, and a dynamic approach which examines the aging process.
स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के पश्चात भारतीय शिक्षा में सुधार के लिए गठित आयोगों का समीक्षात्मक अध्ययन
Authors: अरविन्द कुमार आर्य
Published: September 2023

15 अगस्त सन् 1947 को भारत को अंग्रजी शासन से स्वतंत्रता प्राप्त हुई और 26 जनवरी 1950 को संविधान को अंगीकृत किया गया और भारत एक स्वतंत्र गणराज्य बना । भारत को आजादी के लिए एक लम्बा संघर्ष करना पडा । इसी प्रकार भारत में दी जाने वाली शिक्षा के भारतीय करण में भी लम्बा समय लग गया और अब भी प्रयास निरन्तर जारी है। आजादी के पूर्व से भारतीय शिक्षा पद्वति में सुधार के लिए निरन्तर प्रयास किय जा रहे थे परन्तु अंग्रेजी शासन होने के कारण प्रयासों में सफलता का प्रतिशत पश्चात इन प्रयासों को सार्थकता प्राप्त हुई और भारत सरकार ने इन प्रयासों को धरातल पर लाने का प्रयास भी किया । इन्ही प्रयासों का अध्ययन कर हम उन महान विद्वानों को जान सकेेगें जिन्होने भारतीय शिक्षा को यहाॅ तक पहॅुचाया। स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के पश्चात सन् 1948 में डाॅ.राधाकृष्णन की अध्यक्षता में विश्वविद्यालय शिक्षा आयोग सन् 1952 में , डाॅ.मुदालियर की अध्यक्षता में माध्यमिक शिक्षा आयोग तथा सन् 1964 में डाॅ.कोठारी की अध्यक्षता में शिक्षा आयोग का गठन किया गया। सन् 1968 तथा सन् 1986 में घोषित राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति तथा सन् 1979 में तैयार की गई ड्राफ्ट शिक्षा नीति । सन 2017 मे के.कस्तूरीरंगन की अध्यक्षता में एक आयोग का गठन किया गया जिन्हाने 2019 में नई षिक्षा नीति का मसौदा तैयार किया और 2020 , अगस्त को केन्द्रीय समिति ने इस पास कर दिया, स्वतंत्र भारतीय शिक्षा के विकास के कुछ महŸवपूर्ण उदाहरण हैं।
Elastic and Structural Properties of Mn2+ Ions Substituted Zn-Co Mixed Ferrites
Authors: Ganesh B. Akat
Published: September 2023

Magnetic oxides, which are commonly known as ferrites are ferromagnetic in structure. Ferrites have been recognized as one of the most important electromagnetics in modern industry and their processing and application technologies have been improved incessantly in the last 20 years. composition Zn0.5Co0.5-xCdxFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5) Cd2+ ions substituted Zn-Co ferrites having have been prepared using the common ceramic technology of double sintering and oxides of AR grade. The preparation of the monophase cubic spinel structure of the ferrite phase is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectrum analyses. Due to the enormous ionic radius of Cd2+ ions, it was discovered that the lattice constant increased as the cadmium level increased. The bond length, jump length of the tetrahedral (A) site as well as the octahedral [B] site, tetrahedral edge length, shared and unshared octahedral edge length, and other structural parameters were estimated. These parameters included the lattice parameter, X-ray density, cation distribution, ionic site radii, oxygen positional parameter, and theoretical lattice parameter. By contrasting the observed and predicted lattice characteristics, it was possible to confirm the estimated cation distribution of ferrite and is IR, elastic parameters, including both the modulus analysis were estimated
X-Ray Diffraction and Di-Electrical Property Study of Lanthanum (La3+) Substituted Yettrium Iron Garnet
Authors: Ganesh B. Akat
Published: September 2023

Polycrystalline yttrium lanthanum iron garnets Y3LaxFe5-xO12 (x = 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4) with varying La substitution (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) have been prepared in the pellet form and studied by X-ray diffraction and di-electrical property measurements. The lattice constants are determined, and the applicability of Vegard’s law has been tested. The garnet series has the general formula Y3LaxFe5-xO12 (x = 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4) and that were synthesized by using double sintering solid state reaction method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). The X-ray diffraction studies of compositions revealed the formation of single-phase cubic structure with lattice constant ranging from 12.48 to 12.35 Å up to x = 0.4. The dielectric properties were investigated using LCR-Q meter in the frequency range 100 Hz to 1 MHz. The dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″) and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) were measured as a function of frequency by using LCR-Q meter. The frequency dependence of dielectric measurements was carried out for given samples
Importance of Dielectric Constant Study in Agriculture Sector
Authors: Ganesh B. Akat
Published: September 2023

The chemical composition and physical characteristics of a material affect its dielectric qualities. Water, air, and both organic and inorganic components are found in soil. Due to variations in climate, habitat, demography, and soil texture, soil types differ from one place to another. For us to receive a good variety of crops to meet our food needs, productive soil is crucial. However, soil contamination has grown to be a serious issue that affects the soil's fertility. An effort has been made to describe the significance of dielectric characteristics in agriculture in this review work. The loss factor is related to a material's capacity to absorb or disperse energy, or to transform electric energy into heat energy, whereas the dielectric constant is related to a material's capacity to store energy in the electric field within the material. It is detailed how different materials' dielectric characteristics change depending on the frequency of the fields they are exposed to, their temperature, and their density. Water has a significant role in agricultural materials; hence its dielectric behavior is covered in this article
Caracterización física y química de dos biocarbones obtenidos en diferentes condiciones de pirólisis
Authors: Gaona Chanalata Jose , Barrezueta-Unda Salomón
Published: September 2023

El propósito de esta investigación fue comparar las propiedades físicas y químicas de dos biocarbones en diferentes condiciones de pirólisis. En un reactor pirolítico se obtuvieron los biocarbones a partir de cáscara de cacao (BCA) y estiércol bovino (BSB). Las condiciones de pirólisis fueron: 200ºC/60 minutos; 250ºC/30 minutos(E2); 300ºC/30 minutos. El biocarbón se dejó enfriar, para luego tamizar, proceder con los análisis. El mayor rendimiento del BCA fue de 35,56% y del BSB de 71,11%. Los valores de pH de todos los ensayos fueron altamente alcalinos con rangos de 8,23 – 10,04. En la prueba de hidrofobicidad los valores fueron:  65,73 s biocarbón de cacao y 228,3 s biocarbón de bovino. El mayor porcentaje de ceniza fue el estiércol bovino con 89,94 %. El análisis de Infrarrojo indicó picos de grupos funcionales carboxílicos en ambos biocarbones a 300ºC por 30 minutos.
First Steps in Vermeer’s Creative Process: New Findings from the National Gallery of Art,
Authors: Gifford Melanie , Anchin Dina , Libby Alexandra , Wieseman Marjorie , Dooley Kathryn , Glinsman Lisha , Delaney John
Published: September 2023

Recent scientific analysis of two genre paintings by Johannes Vermeer at the National Gallery of Art in Washington (Woman Holding a Balance and A Lady Writing) has uncovered a level of freedom and spontaneity in Vermeer’s preparatory painting stages that was not previously known. Researchers built on decades of research and used a suite of new, noninvasive analytical techniques to image Vermeer’s painted sketch and underpaint—layers hidden below the paintings’ surfaces—more clearly and precisely than was previously possible. Here we analyze and interpret our findings in the context of Vermeer’s career and in relation to works by his peers, high-life Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century. For further exploration, see “Methodology & Resources,” “Experimentation and Innovation in Vermeer’s Girl with the Red Hat,” and “Vermeer’s Studio and Girl with a Flute” in this issue.
Heinig setzt neuen Chef bei Tedi ein
Authors: Schulz Hans-Jürgen , Tewes Werner
Published: September 2023

Tedi-Eigentümer Stefan Heinig hat die Spitze des Unternehmens ausgetauscht. CEO Silvan Wohlfahrt ist nicht mehr an Bord. Jetzt soll Petar Burazin den Nonfood-Discounter auf Kurs bringen.
LSI verdoppelt Investitionen in Bifi-Werk
Authors: Brändlein Philip , Sachsenröder Delphine
Published: September 2023

Bifi-Produzent Jack Link‘s investiert deutlich mehr als zunächst angekündigt in das neue Werk in Brandenburg. Aus der Lausitz soll die wachsende Nachfrage in Europa bedient werden.
Vilsa geht Netto-Null-Ziel an
Authors: Brück Mario
Published: September 2023

Der familiengeführte Mineralbrunnen nimmt Kurs auf das Netto-Null-Ziel. Damit ist Vilsa Vorreiter in der Getränkebranche.
BGH stellt Grundsatzfrage zur Health-Claims-Verordnung
Authors: Falker Gerrit-Milena
Published: September 2023

Dürfen Unternehmen für pflanzliche Stoffe mit gesundheitsbezogenen Angaben werben, obwohl solche Claims noch nicht zugelassen sind? Mit dieser Frage reagiert der BGH auf 15 Jahre Untätigkeit der EU-Kommission.
Satzung verhindert Kampfkandidatur
Authors: Bender Hanno
Published: September 2023

Auf dem 6. Verdi-Bundeskongress Mitte September in Berlin wird der Bundesvorstand neu gewählt. Ex-Funktionär Orhan Akman tritt zur Wahl an und ficht die Nominierung von Silke Zimmer im Fachbereich Handel vor Gericht an.
Pils trifft Pilz
Authors: Brück Mario
Published: September 2023

Friedrich Droste ist Geschäftsführer von Simon Capital, der Wagniskapitalgesellschaft der Bitburger-Gruppe, die in Startups aus den Sparten Konsum, Wohlbefinden und Produktivität investiert. Wer ist der Mann, der das Geld der Brauer-Dynastie mehren soll? Wo investiert er und wie funktioniert das Geschäft mit der Gründerszene? Mario Brück
Auf fruchtbarem Boden
Authors: Schindler Barbara
Published: September 2023

Der Klimawandel setzt die landwirtschaftlichen Lieferketten zunehmend unter Druck. Die Lebensmittelindustrie findet Gefallen am Konzept der Regenerativen Landwirtschaft. Noch aber fehlen Erfahrungswerte. Barbara Schindler
„Es ist kein Korsett“
Authors: Schindler Barbara
Published: September 2023

Felix Jakobsen, Chief Commercial Officer beim Berliner Agri-Tech-Unternehmen Klim, über die Notwendigkeit gesunder Böden, Bedenken der Landwirte und ihre Akzeptanz als Schlüssel zum Erfolg.
Rewe erweitert Lieferung per Roboter
Authors: Bökamp Lena
Published: September 2023

Rewe untermauert sein Vorhaben, autonome Lieferfahrzeuge für E-Food einzusetzen und zündet die nächste Stufe für den Gehsteigroboter in Hamburg. Seit Kurzem bringt er den Einkauf unbegleitet zum Kunden. Der Lieferbot soll nicht der letzte seiner Art bleiben.
Lidl fährt auf Elektro-Lkw von Einride ab
Authors: Rode Jörg
Published: September 2023

Lidl lässt seine Märkte in und um die schwedische Hauptstadt Stockholm von E-Lkw des Dienstleisters Einride versorgen. Die weiteren Pläne sind ehrgeizig.
„Wir sind einer der Pioniere auf dem deutschen Markt“
Authors: Konrad Jörg
Published: September 2023

Rewe sieht sich durch seinen Omnichannel-Ansatz mit Liefer- und Abholservice, die Präsenz in den Märkten und den digitalen Stelen für das Retail Media-Geschäft gerüstet.
Rewe baut sein Retail Media-Angebot aus
Authors: Konrad Jörg
Published: September 2023

Auch für Rewe ist Retail Media Pflicht. Seit 2015 arbeitet ein Team um Christian Raveaux unter Hochdruck an Lösungen und Angeboten für werbungtreibende Hersteller und Dienstleister. Beim Ausbau von Retail Media-Angeboten will die Kölner Handelsgruppe das Tempo hochhalten.
„Das türkische Sortiment ist ein Service für die muslimischen Kunden“
Authors: Schindler Barbara
Published: September 2023

Bayram Travaci führt im Raum Gießen drei Rewe-Märkte und zwei nahkauf-Filialen. Er bietet seinen türkischen Kunden die wichtigsten Produkte für den Alltag.
Mehr Effizienz stärkt Produktion und Export
Authors: Schindler Barbara
Published: September 2023

Die mehr als 200 türkischen Käsesorten sind in der ganzen Welt gefragt. Deutschland hat bisher nur einen kleinen Anteil am Export.
„Wir fördern Marktchancen“
Authors: Schindler Barbara
Published: September 2023

Baturay Beşevli, Botschaftsrat für Landwirtschaft der Republik Türkiye, blickt optimistisch auf die politischen, wirtschaftlichen, kulturellen und menschlichen Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und der Türkei.
EssMe überzeugt die Hamburger Kunden
Authors: Schindler Barbara
Published: September 2023

In der heimischen Küche entwickelte Ali Dapgin seine Gewürzpaste EssMe. In Hamburg ist er damit bereits in vielen Edeka-Märkten vertreten.
Anuga präsentiert Halal-Konferenz
Authors: Schindler Barbara
Published: September 2023

Mit dem Halal Market und der Global Halal Conference rückt die Anuga islamkonforme Lebensmittel mehr denn je in den Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit.
Kornkammer im geopolitischen Sturm
Authors: Pehl Patrick
Published: September 2023

Das Schwarze Meer ist Dreh- und Angelpunkt für die Exporte aus der Ukraine und das wirtschaftliche Rückgrat des Landes. Zu Beginn der Woche ist ein neues Abkommen gescheitert, weil Russland auf seinen Forderungen besteht. Die Türkei versucht sich als ehrbarer Mittler, ist dieses Mal aber gescheitert. Was ist der Hintergrund, gibt es Perspektiven?
Milchanlieferungen bleiben rückläufig
Authors: Lenz Frank
Published: September 2023

Göttingen. Die Nachfrage am Milchmarkt ist in allen Segmenten ruhig und stabil. Nach dem Ferienende wird mit Impulsen gerechnet.
„Lasst den Smalltalk vor der Tür“
Authors: Deininger Olaf , Filko Nadine
Published: September 2023

Königslutter. Es wirkte wie ein Happening: Lichterketten, Musik und eine offene Workshop-Stimmung mit politischer Note hießen die Besucher des Farm Food Climate Festivals willkommen.
ՍՈՎՈՐՈՂՆԵՐԻ ՀԱՂՈՐԴԱԿՑԱԿԱՆ ԿՈՄՊԵՏԵՆՑԻԱՅԻ ԶԱՐԳԱՑՄԱՆ ՀԻՄՆԱԽՆԴՐԻ ԱՐԴԻԱԿԱՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԸՍՏ ԼԵԶՈՒՆԵՐԻ ԻՄԱՑՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԻՐԱԶԵԿՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԱՄԱԵՎՐՈՊԱԿԱՆ ՀԱՄԱԿԱՐԳԻ / THE RELEVANCE OF THE PROBLEM OF FORMATION COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF THE LEARNERS
ACCORDING TO COMMON EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK FOR LANGUAGES
Authors: BLBULYAN HOVIK
Published: September 2023

The paper examines Common European Framework of Languages, and
the formation of communicative competence of the learners is discussed
within this system. The necessity and relevence of communicative teaching of
foreign languages are displayed according to the requirements of the
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The article
touches upon practical recommendations and examples of applying game
technologies aimed at the formation of the learners’ communicative
competence.
Religion and Entrepreneurial Exits: Divine Attributions and Eternal Time-frames
Authors: Gala Kaushik , Mueller Brandon A.
Published: September 2023

This conceptual study, drawing upon the literature on causal attributions and time perspectives, explores how religion may influence entrepreneurs' decisions to exit ventures. Religious beliefs and principles will likely shift entrepreneurs' (a) causal attributions of success and failure
from internal or external loci to a third locus of causality, i. e., the divine, and (b) temporal depths from weeks, months, or years to eternity. Such shifts may, in turn, influence entrepreneurial exits through the nonmarket logic of religion, with contemplative practices acting
as the underlying mechanism. Using the context of Jainism, a minority religion – originating in India – characterized by self-employed adherents and a seeming paradox between austerity and ostentation, this study develops propositions that relate religion to business exits.
Kiến thức, thực hành phòng chống cong vẹo cột sống học sinh của giáo viên 8 trường tiểu học dân tộc Khmer 4 tỉnh đồng bằng sông Cửu Long năm 2021
Authors: Vũ Phạm Thanh , Dương Nguyễn Thị Thùy , Tập Nguyễn Văn , Quang Lâm Minh , Quỳnh Đinh Văn , Huệ Nguyễn Đức , Trọng Phạm Nhựt , Trúc Nguyễn Thanh , Diện Phan Thị
Published: September 2023

Nghiên cứu nhằm mô tả kiến thức thực hành phòng chống cong vẹo cột sống cho học sinh của giáo viên và các yếu tố liên quan. Nghiên cứu cắt ngang mô tả được tiến hành trên 200 giáo viên tại 8 trường tiểu học dân tộc Khmer tại 4 tỉnh: Trà Vinh, Sóc Trăng, Hậu Giang và An Giang. Trong thời gian tháng từ 18/01/2021 đến tháng 26/02/2021. Tỷ lệ giáo viên có kiến thức đạt là 83,50%, tỷ lệ giáo viên có thực hành đạt 52,0%. Tìm thấy mối liên quan có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa tỷ lệ kiến thức đạt của giáo viên với giới tính (thầy - cô); giáo viên giảng dạy trực tiếp và giáo viên không trực tiếp; giáo viên có tập huấn về phòng chống cong vẹo cột sống và giáo viên không được tập huấn (p < 0,05), không tìm thấy mối liên quan có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa thực hành chung với đặc điểm chung (p > 0,05). Nghiên cứu cung cấp các số liệu về tỷ lệ giáo viên có kiến thức, thực hành đúng phòng chống cong vẹo cột sống cho học sinh của giáo viên qua đó phản ánh các lỗ hổng trong kiến thức và thực hành của đội ngũ giáo viên thông qua đó có kiến nghị giải pháp nhằm cải thiện tình trạng trên.
Thực trạng kiến thức của phụ nữ trong độ tuổi sinh đẻ từ 18 - 49 tuổi về bệnh viêm gan B và tiêm vắc xin phòng bệnh tại tỉnh Điện Biên năm 2018
Authors: Tú Trần Anh , Nghĩa Ngũ Duy , Khanh Nguyễn Công , Tú Ngô Huy , Hà Phạm Thị Cẩm , Anh Trần Thị Lan , Tú Đàm Thanh , Quang Trần Đại , Dương Trần Như , Anh Đặng Đức , Hiển Nguyễn Trần
Published: September 2023

Nghiên cứu cắt ngang mô tả thực trạng kiến thức về bệnh viêm gan B và tiêm vắc xin phòng bệnh trên 281 phụ nữ trong độ tuổi sinh đẻ từ 18 - 49 tuổi tại tỉnh Điện Biên từ tháng 9/2018 đến tháng 3/2019. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tỉ lệ hiểu biết chung về bệnh viêm gan B trên các đối tượng tham gia nghiên cứu đạt 53%. Tỉ lệ hiểu biết chung cũng như hiểu biết cụ thể về một trong những khía cạnh liên quan đến đường lây truyền, cách phòng bệnh, lịch tiêm chủng, khác biệt tương ứng theo phân cấp đô thị nơi sinh sống, cụ thể thành phố (75,8%), thị xã (60,9%), và huyện miền núi (24,5%). Yếu tố dân tộc (H’mông) và trình độ học vấn (THPT trở lên) có liên quan đến tỉ lệ hiểu biết. Thực trạng hiểu biết về bệnh viêm gan B trên phụ nữ trong độ tuổi sinh đẻ tại Điện Biên còn thấp, tuy nhiên, với nguồn lực có hạn, nhóm phụ nữ dân tộc H’mông là đối tượng cần được ưu tiên nghiên cứu phân tích nguyên nhân để xác định các biện pháp truyền thông giáo dục sức khoẻ phù hợp, hiệu quả.
Kiến thức, thái độ và thực hành phòng chống nhiễm giun móc/mỏ ở phụ nữ tuổi sinh đẻ tại tỉnh Quảng Nam năm 2021
Authors: Chi Nguyễn Thị Kim , Kiệm Trần Văn , Sương Hồ Thị , Thái Phạm Quang , Lợi Cao Bá
Published: September 2023

Nghiên cứu cắt ngang về kiến thức, thái độ và thực hành (KAP) trên đối tượng phụ nữ từ 18 đến 45 tuổi có hộ khẩu tại tỉnh Quảng Nam đã được thực hiện trong năm 2021 với mục tiêu mô tả kiến thức, thái độ với thực hành phòng chống nhiễm giun móc/mỏ. Kết quả có 1980 phụ nữ được phỏng vấn và hoàn thành bảng câu hỏi. Trong đó chỉ có 25,51% phụ nữ đã nghe thông tin về giun móc/mỏ. Nguồn thông tin từ truyền hình, phát thanh chiếm cao nhất 14,44%, sách báo, internet 12,27%, cán bộ y tế 10,51%, người thân bạn bè là 7,98% và khác 0,3%. Các đối tượng nghiên cứu có kiến thức đúng về giun móc/mỏ là 20,66%. Thái độ và thực hành đúng trong phòng chống loài giun này lần lượt là 71,46% và 1,62%. Kết luận: Những người tham gia nghiên cứu có thái độ đúng về bệnh giun móc/mỏ ở mức độ cao. Tuy nhiên, thực hành và kiến thức trong phòng chống giun móc/mỏ còn ở mức thấp. Vì vậy, cần có các chương trình truyền thông và giáo dục sức khỏe để cải thiện sự hiểu biết cho người dân.
Thực trạng kiến thức, thái độ và một số yếu tố liên quan trên nhóm nam quan hệ tình dục đồng giới trong điều trị dự phòng trước phơi nhiễm với HIV (PrEP) tại Cần Thơ năm 2022
Authors: Vũ Ngô Mạnh , Hương Phan Thị Thu , Tuấn Nguyễn Anh , Nhàn Đỗ Thị , Linh Đoàn Thị Thùy , Thắng Nguyễn Hữu , Minh Đoàn Thị Nguyệt
Published: September 2023

Đứng trước tình hình tỷ lệ hiện nhiễm HIV trong nhóm nam quan hệ tình dục đồng giới (MSM) liên tục tăng, Việt Nam đã triển khai mô hình điều trị dự phòng trước phơi nhiễm với HIV (PrEP) cho nhóm người này. Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện trên 484 MSM tại Cần Thơ năm 2022 nhằm mô tả kiến thức, thái độ trong điều trị dự phòng trước phơi nhiễm với HIV. Kết quả cho thấy kiến thức về HIV, PrEP của các đối tượng có tỷ lệ đạt cao lần lượt là 91,3% và 83,9%, kiến thức chung đạt 92,6%. Phần lớn các đối tượng có thái độ tích cực về điều trị dự phòng trước phơi nhiễm với HIV (75,2%). Trong quá trình sử dụng PrEP, thông tin được quan tâm nhiều nhất là “phản ứng phụ của thuốc” chiếm 71,1%, tiếp theo là “thuốc hiệu quả như thế nào” với 67,8%. Nhóm đối tượng tham gia cộng đồng LGBT khả năng có kiến thức hiểu biết về PrEP cao gấp 3,36 lần và thái độ tích cực gấp 1,56 nhóm không tham gia. Nhóm có kiến thức đạt hiểu biết về HIV thì khả năng hiểu biết về PrEP cao gấp 4,2 lần và thái độ tích cực cao gấp 3,36 lần. Đối tượng có kiến thức đạt thì khả năng có thái độ tích cực cao gấp 9,79 lần so với nhóm đối tượng có kiến thức chưa đạt về PrEP
ANALISIS PENERAPAN PERNYATAAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAHAN (PSAP) NO. 12 TENTANG LAPORAN OPERASIONAL PADA INSPEKTORAT KABUPATEN JAYAPURA
Authors: Fahira Amelia , Rini Indah Wati
Published: September 2023

Fenomena yang ditemukan adalah adanya ketidakpatuhan terhadap Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan No. 12 dalam penyajian Laporan Operasional pada beberapa laporan keuangan pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyajian Laporan Operasional yang ada pada Inspektorat Kabupaten Jayapura telah sesuai atau tidak sesuai dengan PSAP No. 12 Tentang Laporan Operasional. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode komparatif. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan pada penelitian ini berupa data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyajian Laporan Operasioal pada Inspektorat Kabupaten Jayapura secara keseluruhan telah sesuai dengan PSAP No. 12 Tentang Laporan Operasional.
ANALISIS LAPORAN REKONSILIASI FISKAL PADA PT SARANA AGRO NUSANTARA
Authors: Qorimah Anis
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui koreksi fiskal terhadap pendapatan dan biaya pada Laporan Keuangan Komersial PT. Sarana Agro Nusantara telah sesuai atau tidak sesuai dengan peraturan perpajakan yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 tentang Pajak Penghasilan dan menganalisis jumlah Penghasilan Kena Pajak (PKP) setelah dilakukan koreksi fiskal sebagai dasar penentuan Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) terutang perusahaan tahun 2018. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode desriptif dengan data sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara laba rugi menurut komersial dengan laba-rugi menurut fiskal karena dilakukan koreksi fiskal terhadap penghasilan dan biaya dalam Laporan Keuangan Komersial berdasarkan peraturan perpajakan.
ANALISIS SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL PENGGAJIAN PADA BADAN PERTANAHAN NASIONAL PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Butar-Butar Ratna Sari
Published: September 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah Sistem Pengendalian Internal Penggajian pada Kantor Wilayah Pertanahan Provinsi Sumatera Utara sudah memiliki komponen Pengendalian Internal menurut PP no. 60 tahun 2008. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kantor Wilayah Pertanahan Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan pada penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian meunjukkan bahwa sistem pengendalian internal penggajian pada Kantor Wilayah Badan Pertanahan Nasional Provinsi Sumatera Utara telah sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 60 Tahun 2008
NANOTECHNOLOGY: A CONSCISE VIEW
Authors: Oyubu, Akpovi Oyubu  , Nwabueze, Christopher Anayo
Published: September 2023

Nanotechnology, a multifaceted subject area of applicative devices that involves the Engineering of functional systems at the molecular level is considered the nerve centre of technological advancement of the 21st century and beyond. This field that focuses on controlling the configuration and exploiting the exclusive characteristics of Nano-materials having not less than one dimensional volume of material between 1nm to 100nm to produce nano-scale devices, components and systems is repeatedly seen as an emerging technology which could be employed to enhance current products and processes. This paper which is essentially a review discusses Nanotechnology, its development, impact, applications and advances.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, Nano-scale, Composites, Nano-materials, Nano-devices.
The Role of the UN Security Council in the Fight Against Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Boamah Frederick
Published: September 2023

The UN Security Council continues to play a critical role in ensuring the maintenance of international peace and security. Towards this end, the Council has over the years delineated maritime piracy in the Gulf of Guinea as a threat to international peace and security. Through Resolutions 2018 and 2039, the Council has since 2011 adopted what is largely a militarised approach to dealing with the menace of piracy in the region, similar to its approach in the Gulf of Aden. Even though threat levels are beginning to decline, the Gulf of Guinea is still considered a maritime hotspot. It is within this context that the Council has been moved to reconsider its militarised approaches to include non-kinetic measures. Recognising the critical interface between militarised and non-kinetic measures, the Council has adopted Resolution 2634 in what is considered to be a significant departure from its previous approach. This paper interrogates the rationale for this departure and assesses the extent to which this new approach would support the fight against piracy in the region.
ACESSO EQUITATIVO A CUIDADOS DE SAÚDE MENTAL COM MEDICAMENTOS PSICOTRÓPICOS EM AMBIENTES PRISIONAIS
Authors: Queiroz Clésia Carneiro da Silva Freire
Published: September 2023

O acesso equitativo a cuidados de saúde mental com medicamentos psicotrópicos em contextos prisionais é uma questão crítica que impacta a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar dos detentos. Diante dessa realidade, este artigo tem como objetivo discutir sobre as barreiras ao acesso equitativo, os impactos do uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos e as possíveis soluções para melhorar a saúde mental dos detentos. A metodologia utilizada foi o ensaio teórico que consistiu em uma análise e síntese crítica de estudos sobre o ambiente prisional, o processo de aprendizagem e o uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos nesse contexto. Nesse sentido, conclui-se que fatores como estigmatização, falta de recursos financeiros e discriminação racial podem influenciar adversamente o acesso dos detentos a tratamentos farmacológicos. Além disso, a falta de capacitação adequada para profissionais de saúde dentro do sistema prisional pode resultar em diagnósticos inadequados ou subtratamento. Ao analisar as implicações dessas barreiras, destacamos a necessidade de reformas nas políticas de saúde prisional. Assim como, a promoção de treinamentos para os profissionais de saúde, bem como a alocação adequada de recursos para tratamentos farmacológicos, são medidas fundamentais.
RISCO EMERGENTE DAS INFECÇÕES FÚNGICAS INVASIVAS: REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Araújo Renato Kennedy Souza , Frota Valéria Cristina de Araújo , Santana Maísa de Souza , Souza Nara Rúbia
Published: September 2023

As infecções fúngicas invasivas emergentes representam uma ameaça significativa à saúde humana, especialmente para indivíduos imunocomprometidos. Patógenos como Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida auris, Candida albicans e Aspergillus fumigatus têm a capacidade de causar infecções graves, com altas taxas de morbimortalidade. A resistência aos antifúngicos e a disseminação nos ambientes hospitalares aumentam o risco dessas infecções. O diagnóstico precoce e preciso, com medidas de prevenção e controle de infecções, são fundamentais para melhorar os resultados clínicos. O desenvolvimento de novas terapias antifúngicas e a conscientização sobre a importância da higiene e do uso adequado de antifúngicos são essenciais para enfrentar os desafios das infecções fúngicas invasivas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura relacionada às infecções fúngicas invasivas, elucidando quais são os microrganismos de classe crítica e casos correlacionados, além do diagnóstico e tratamento. Após buscas nas plataformas de dados foram selecionados 17 trabalhos, expostos em um quadro de resultados. Diante os expostos fica claro o crescimento destas infecções anualmente, além dos riscos por conta da alta morbimortalidade, esses agentes possuem mecanismos diferenciados de resistências e transmissão, acarretando problemas para saúde pública e econômica, sendo necessário pesquisas futuras na tentativa de minimizar o impacto que estas infecções causam.
O POTENCIAL DO ARDUINO UNO NA DISCIPLINA DE PROJETOS DE VIDA PARA ALUNOS DOS 2ªANOS DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Maia Dahlin Lopes , Silva Ivângela Lopes da , Andrade Ian Andrew de , Silva Rosenilde Soares da
Published: September 2023

Neste artigo, abordamos uma análise sobre o potencial educacional do Arduino Uno na disciplina de Projetos de Vida. O propósito deste estudo é oferecer aos estudantes a oportunidade de conceber projetos personalizados que unem teoria e prática de maneira harmoniosa. Exploramos as capacidades e recursos primordiais do Arduino Uno, desde a fase inicial de configuração até a programação e interligação de elementos. Os resultados evidenciam que a implementação do Arduino Uno fomenta uma abordagem concreta e contextualizada no âmbito de Projetos de Vida. Isso possibilita aos alunos a vivência do processo de transformação de ideias em realizações palpáveis, aplicando conceitos teóricos em empreendimentos concretos. Esta abordagem individualizada incentiva os estudantes a se envolverem de maneira mais profunda com o conteúdo da disciplina.
ENTRE LO COTIDIANO, LO TURÍSTICO Y LO PATRIMONIAL. APROXIMACIONES A LOS BIENES CULTURALES DEL PUEBLO DE TANLAJÁS EN LA HUASTECA POTOSINA
Authors: Pedraza Gómez Carlos , Bojórquez Vargas Alma Rafaela , Hernández González Gisela Beatriz
Published: September 2023

El patrimonio cultural se interpreta como el compendio de bienes materiales e inmateriales que son producto de una sociedad determinada, bienes que pueden estar en listas indicativas o de salvaguarda en distingos niveles de gobierno o de organismos internacionales. Pero también es patrimonio de las sociedades aquellas manifestaciones culturales que no aparecen en ninguna lista indicativa pero que, al ser representativo para un grupo de personas, también es susceptible de ser estudiado. Esta investigación tiene justamente ese objetivo, hacer algunas aproximaciones a conceptos relacionados con el manejo y conservación del patrimonio cultural y aplicarlos a un caso de estudio en una zona poco estudiada desde la perspectiva patrimonial: Un pueblo en la huasteca potosina.
A partir de revisar conceptos como lo inmaterial, los procesos de patrimonialización, lo cotidiano o festivo como patrimonio local, se plantea la posibilidad de tener una aplicarlos al caso de estudio, observando un primer esbozo descriptivo de elementos arqueológicos -no abiertos al público-, arquitectónicos (religiosos y habitacional tradicional), mezclados con elementos devocionales realizados en periodos específicos de tiempo como la “toreada sagrada” en semana santa. Algunas reflexiones finales aluden a la necesidad de cuestionar la propia necesidad de proteger, salvaguardar incluso de patrimonializar un bien cultural.
Perbankan Di Blockchain: Sebuah Studi Grounded Theory Dari Proses Evaluasi Inovasi
Authors: Anindya Putri  , Siti Sholikatun
Published: September 2023

Main Objective: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model untuk menjelaskan bagaimana Financial Service Industry mengevaluasi teknologi blockchain. Background problem: Minat Financial Service Industry terhadap blockchain tumbuh karena unsur transparansi, keamanan, dan kepercayaan yang diakui yang menghasilkan lebih dari triliunan dalam dana modal ventura yang dikumpulkan oleh perusahaan blockchain sebagian besar dari bank pada paruh pertama tahun 2017. Novelty: Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pembuatan model Proof of Value untuk menjelaskan proses yang dilakukan organisasi untuk mengevaluasi blockchain. Organisasi yang mengevaluasi blockchain dapat memanfaatkan model Proof of Value untuk wawasan dan kejelasan terkait potensi penggunaan blockchain dalam sebuah bisnis. Research Method: Studi ini menggunakan metodologi grounded theory dengan mengumpulkan data dari wawancara semi-terstruktur dari peserta yang terlibat dalam evaluasi blockchain di organisasi Jasa Keuangan. Finding/Result: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa organisasi memahami cara kerja teknologi, organisasi juga mampu mengatur sumber daya untuk mengevaluasi, mengidentifikasi kasus penggunaan, dan menerapkan strategi untuk mengujinya. Conclusion: Secara total, 19 individu yang mewakili 12 organisasi berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini dan memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana organisasi mereka mengevaluasi teknologi blockchain. Penelitian ini menciptakan peluang untuk mengembangkan penelitian masa depan seputar topik inovasi teknologi. Saat organisasi menghadapi gangguan terus-menerus, terutama dari inovasi digital, maka organisasi tersebut harus secara bersamaan berinovasi agar tetap relevan dan meningkatkan cara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan mereka.

Keywords: Blockchain, Grounded Theory, Perbankan.
Deteksi Anomali Menggunakan Extended Isolation Forest (Eif)
Authors: Milka Wijayanti Sunarto  , Dendy Kurniawan  , Edy Siswanto  , Haris Ihsanil Huda
Published: September 2023

Tujuan Utama: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan algoritma deteksi anomali yang lebih efektif dan akurat menggunakan Extended Isolation Forest (EIF) dan mengimplementasikannya ke dalam platform sumber terbuka Machine Learning (ML) H2O-3. Background problem: Algoritma Isolation Forest (IF) asli menghadirkan bentuk deteksi baru, meskipun algoritme mengalami bias yang berasal dari percabangan pohon. Perpanjangan algoritme menghilangkan bias dengan menyesuaikan percabangan, dan algoritme asli hanya menjadi kasus khusus. EIF diimplementasikan ke dalam platform sumber terbuka ML H2O-3. kebaharuan: Kebaruan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan algoritma EIF dalam deteksi anomali. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengimplementasikan EIF ke dalam platform sumber terbuka ML H2O-3 untuk dijalankan pada sistem komputasi terdistribusi dengan pustaka Map/Reduce. Research Method: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deteksi anomali dengan fokus pada algoritma EIF.  temuan: Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa Extended Isolation Model perlu disesuaikan. Tes kinerja deteksi anomali mengungkapkan sedikit ketidaksempurnaan dalam deteksi struktur data jika dibandingkan dengan satu-satunya implementasi algoritma Python yang tersedia. Hasil ujian untuk tahap evaluasi dinyatakan lulus dan waktu komputasi secara logaritmik lebih kecil dengan jumlah utas.  Kesimpulan: pada penelitian selanjutnya, algoritma dapat ditingkatkan lebih lanjut dengan menskalakan anomali deteksi untuk data dimensi tinggi. Ini dapat diimplementasikan dengan menambahkan parameter lain yang memungkinkan metode pemilihan fitur dalam perhitungan..
Long-term multi-source precipitation estimation with high resolution (RainGRS Clim)
Authors: Jurczyk Anna , Ośródka Katarzyna , Szturc Jan , Pasierb Magdalena , Kurcz Agnieszka
Published: September 2023

Abstract. This paper explores the possibility of using multi-source
precipitation estimates for climatological applications. A data-processing
algorithm (RainGRS Clim) has been developed to work on precipitation
accumulations such as daily or monthly totals, which are significantly
longer than operational accumulations (generally between 5 min and 1 h). The
algorithm makes the most of additional opportunities, such as the
possibility of complementing data with delayed data, access to high-quality data
that are not operationally available, and the greater efficiency of the
algorithms for data quality control and merging with longer accumulations.
Verification of the developed algorithms was carried out using monthly
accumulations through comparison with precipitation from manual rain gauges.
As a result, monthly accumulations estimated by RainGRS Clim were found to
be significantly more reliable than accumulations generated operationally.
This improvement is particularly noticeable for the winter months, when
precipitation estimation is much more difficult due to less reliable radar
estimates.