bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GreEn-ER–Electricity consumption data of a tertiary building
Authors: Martin Nascimento Gustavo Felipe , Wurtz Frédéric , Kuo-Peng Patrick , Delinchant Benoit , Jhoe Batistela Nelson , Laranjeira Tiansi
Published: August 2023

The increased use of intermittent renewable energy sources makes the use of machine learning methods combined with demand-side management more and more frequent. Machine learning algorithms rely on data to identify patterns and learn insights. Hence, data availability is of utmost importance, and the more, the merrier. Therefore, this data report aims to present a dataset concerning the electricity consumption of a tertiary building located in the French Alps region (Grenoble) in 2017 and 2018. It is a massively monitored and controlled building with about 330 electricity meters, whose measurement data constitute the dataset. The data were collected directly from the building management system and correspond to raw data, without any pre-treatment. The dataset also includes Python notebooks that allow for understanding the system design, navigating the data, and performing some simple analyses. This is a publicly available dataset that tries to fill the gap of the availability of electricity consumption data, especially regarding tertiary buildings.
Do people make sufficiency-oriented mobile phone choices based on dynamic norms? The perception and effectiveness of sufficiency-promoting messages in online media
Authors: Gossen Maike , Tröger Josephine , Veneny Marek , Eichhorn Henriette , Bergener Jens
Published: August 2023

Excessive consumption poses a significant threat to the environment. Therefore, overall consumption reduction is necessary. The sufficiency strategy aims to achieve this reduction by enabling individual behavioral changes. In the context of mobile phone choices, one way to promote sufficiency is by encouraging consumers to refrain from purchasing new devices and instead prolong the lifespan of their existing ones. As companies play a major role in shaping products and market conditions that influence consumption, they have a responsibility to support consumers in adopting sufficiency-oriented mobile phone use. However, previous research on the effectiveness of sufficiency-promoting communication and the use of dynamic norms in behavior-change interventions has yielded mixed results. We conducted an online experiment with two specific objectives: First, we examined whether messages emphasizing a dynamic norm have positive impacts on individuals' intentions and behavioral choices regarding sufficiency-oriented mobile phone use. The results indicated no significant effects of a sufficiency-promoting message emphasizing a dynamic norm, compared to two other conditions. Nevertheless, regardless of the message people received, one third of the individuals in all groups chose a sufficiency-oriented voucher. Materialism was found to positively predict both the intention to buy a new mobile phone and sufficiency-oriented behavior, partially contradicting our hypothesis. This suggests that sufficiency-oriented consumption may also be motivated by aspirations for status, albeit in the context of sufficiency. In contrast, personal norms for sufficiency consistently predicted intentions or behaviors aligned with sufficiency, however, not always in the direction we hypothesized. Second, we investigated consumers' attributed motives for online media by comparing a search engine, as an unbiased source of information, with an online store driven by commercial interests. Our analysis revealed significant differences in consumers' perceptions, with altruistic motives attributed to the search engine and exploitative motives attributed to the online store. Our results contribute to the ongoing discussion about the requirements for effective communication strategies that promote sufficiency-oriented choices. We confirm the limited effectiveness of interventions based on dynamic norms in online settings. Nevertheless, our study offers valuables insights for designing future communication initiatives aimed at fostering sufficiency-oriented behaviors.
Clinical utility of urinary comprehensive genomic profiling in diagnosing metachronous upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Yonover Paul M. , Ward Ceressa T. , Mazzarella Brian C. , Phillips Kevin G. , Jensen Brad W. , Bicocca Vincent T. , Duffy Kathleen , Yonover Jaden , Cherry Ava , Levin Trevor G.
Published: August 2023

Introduction and aim of study

Metachronous upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare yet aggressive malignancy that is often multifocal and invasive at the time of diagnosis. Unfortunately, the rarity of metachronous UTUC results in a paucity of targeted data, as current literature and clinical management of this tumor is largely extrapolated from that of bladder cancer. Urinary comprehensive genomic profiling with the UroAmp assay identifies six general classes of tumor-mutations present in the urine and thus, may aid in detecting UTUC when the limitations of current tools impede definitive diagnosis. We describe the utility of urinary comprehensive genomic profiling in confirming the provider’s suspicion for metachronous UTUC and recommending radical nephroureterectomy.

Patient case

A 68-year-old male with a history of recurrent carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder presented to the urology clinic in 2022 for continued surveillance. Abnormal soft tissue thickening surrounding the proximal right ureter, revealed on computerized tomography urography, prompted further evaluation. Selective right upper tract cytology was indeterminate, and urinary comprehensive genomic profiling was ordered to adjudicate. No tumor was visualized on ureteroscopy however the cytologic brush biopsy of the renal pelvis and proximal ureter were positive for urothelial carcinoma (UC) and/or CIS. UroAmp testing identified genomic features associated with high-grade UC, risk of invasion, and a high genomic disease burden.

Results

The patient underwent a right kidney and ureter nephroureterectomy in September 2022. Surgical pathology confirmed non-invasive multifocal urothelial CIS. A postoperative urinary comprehensive genomic profiling in February and May of 2023 detected no evidence of residual disease, consistent with complete resection of the tumor. The provider will continue intensive urinary comprehensive genomic profile monitoring coupled with conventional surveillance.

Conclusion

Urinary measurement of mutated UC genes correlate with disease burden, pathologic grade, and invasion risk and provide clinical utility when reliance on visual confirmation and cytology were not definitive or feasible.
Response of pet owners to Whistle FIT® activity monitor digital alerts of increased pruritic activity in their dogs: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Carson Aletha , Kresnye Cassie , Rai Taranpreet , Wells Kevin , Wright Andrea , Hillier Andrew
Published: August 2023

Pruritus is a common clinical sign in dogs and is often underrecognized by dog owners and veterinarians. The Whistle FIT®, a wearable accelerometer paired with analytics, can detect changes in pruritic activity in dogs, which can be reported to owners in a smartphone/tablet application. The objectives of this retrospective observational study were to investigate the impact of digital alerts for increased pruritic behaviors received by dog owners in a real-life setting, on (1) the initiation of veterinary clinic visits, and (2) if such visits resulted in initiation of therapy for pruritus. Whistle FIT® data and electronic health records from 1,042 Banfield veterinary clinics in the United States were obtained for a 20-month period and reviewed retrospectively. Data on times of increased pruritic behaviors was calculated retrospectively by the investigators by applying the same algorithms used in the Whistle system. Data from the first 10-month interval was compared to the second 10 months, when reports on pruritic behaviors and alerts for increased pruritic behaviors were viewable by pet owners. Signalment of dogs with clinic visits in the first (n = 7,191) and second (n = 6,684) 10-month groups was similar. The total number of pruritic alerts was 113,530 in the first 10 months and 93,217 in the second 10 months. The odds of an ‘alert visit’ (the first veterinary clinic visit that occurred within 4 weeks after the time of a pruritus alert) was statistically significantly more likely (odds ratio, 1.6264; 95% CI, 1.57–1.69; p < 0.0001) in the second 10-month period compared to the first 10-month period. The total number of medications administered was 10,829 in the first 10 months and 9,863 in the second 10 months. The percentage of medications prescribed within 4 weeks after a pruritus alert was higher in the second 10 month period (53.3%) compared to the first 10 month period (38.8%). This study suggests that pruritus alerts sent to dog owners may improve owner recognition of pruritic behaviors and increase the likelihood of a veterinary visit to treat canine pruritus.
Increased dietary vitamin D was associated with increased circulating vitamin D with no observable adverse effects in adult dogs
Authors: Jewell Dennis E. , Panickar Kiran S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

There is no consensus for the optimum concentration of vitamin D, although a minimum concentration of 100 ng/mL (250 nM) of circulating vitamin D, measured as 25(OH) D, has been suggested in order to support optimal health in dogs. Few studies have examined the relationship between dietary vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) intake and the resulting concentrations of circulating 25(OH) D in adult dogs. Recommendations for dog foods for adult maintenance report a safe upper limit of 3,200 IU vitamin D/kg on a dry matter basis. However, these recommendations were not based on studies of adult maintenance requirements. Understanding the relationship between dietary vitamin D and circulating vitamin D is necessary to utilize dietary vitamin D to influence health in dogs.

Methods

Five groups of adult dogs (each n = 8) were fed food of approximately 4,000 kcal/kg containing one of the following dry matter concentrations of vitamin D for 6 months: 795.7, 3087.3, 5510.9, 7314.0, and 9992.5 IU/kg. Body weight was recorded at baseline and measured weekly, and daily food intake was recorded. Blood samples were taken at baseline and at the end of the 26-week study period.

Results

There were no clinical signs of vitamin D deficiency or excess. Serum concentrations of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, hematocrit, hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, total calcium, ionized calcium, and parathyroid hormone were maintained within reference values in all groups. Circulating 25(OH) D increased in all groups except those that consumed food with 795.7 IU/kg vitamin D, and increased in a linear and quadratic fashion in response to dietary vitamin D concentration. All of the dogs fed food with 5510.9 IU/kg vitamin D or above met or exceeded 100 ng/mL (250 nM) circulating 25(OH) D.

Discussion

Dietary vitamin D was positively associated with increased circulating concentrations in concentrations up to 9992.5 IU/kg dry matter, with no observable adverse effects. Consumption of ≥5510.9 IU/kg vitamin D resulted in all dogs with at least the 100 ng/mL (250 nM) circulating concentration.
Research on Identifying Robot Collision Points in Human–Robot Collaboration Based on Force Method Principle Solving
Authors: Wang Zhijun , Zhu Bocheng , Yang Yue , Li Zhanxian
Published: August 2023

After years of more rigid and conventional production processes, the traditional manufacturing industry has been moving toward flexible manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing in recent years. After more than half a century of development, robotics has penetrated into all aspects of human production and life, bringing significant changes to the development of human society. At the same time, the key technology of human–machine cooperative operation has become a research hotspot, and how to realize a human–machine integrated safety system has attracted attention. Human–machine integration means that humans and robots can work in the same natural space, coordinating closely and interacting naturally. To realize real human–robot integration under human–robot cooperative operation, the good judgment of intentional interaction and accidental collision and the detection of collision joints and collision points when accidental collision occurs are the key points. In this paper, we propose a method to identify the collision joints by detecting real-time current changes in each joint of the robot and solve the collision point location information of the collision joints through the principle of virtual displacement and the principle of force method using the force sensor data installed at the base of the robot as the known condition. The results show that the proposed method of identifying the collision joints using changes in joint current and then establishing a collision detection algorithm to solve the collision point location is correct and reliable.
Propellers Spin Rate Effect of a Spraying Drone on Quality of Liquid Deposition in a Crown of Young Spruce
Authors: Pachuta Aleksandra , Berner Bogusława , Chojnacki Jerzy , Moitzi Gerhard , Dvořák Jiří , Keutgen Anna , Najser Jan , Kielar Jan , Najser Tomáš , Mikeska Marcel
Published: August 2023

The study aimed to assess the quality of spraying of ornamental conifer using a multi-rotor drone. We examined how the speed of drone movement and the propellers’ spin speed can affect the deposition quality of the sprayed liquid in the crown of blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.). Due to the avoidance in the future of droplet drift by air movements, an air injector atomiser for liquid spraying was used, and a low altitude of 0.6 m of the drone flying above the tree was used in the study. The drone moved at two speeds: 0.57 m·s–1 and 0.94 m·s–1. The propellers’ spin speeds were adjusted based on the drone’s weight with the spray liquid tank filled and empty. The propellers’ zero-spin rate was also included to compare the drone to a field sprayer. The tests were conducted in a laboratory setting. Volume and uniformity of liquid volume settled on the levels of samplers positioned on a tripod within the tree canopy were assessed. The samplers were placed in two zones of the tree: near the tree trunk and at a distance of 0.21 m from the trunk. Airstream speed generated by drone propellers was also evaluated inside the tree. The findings indicated that the rotations of propellers and air speed significantly influenced the quality of liquid deposition on samplers located away from the trunk. The results also showed that using a drone instead of a field sprayer could benefit the quality of the spray application. The weight of the multi-rotor drone, determined by the spray liquid tank’s filling level, can significantly impact the quality of spray deposition in the tree. Based on the investigations, it can be recommended that low-altitude spraying drones be adopted for studies and future strategies in precision agriculture using autonomous inspection-spraying drones.
Experimental Study on the Peeling Fracture Effect of Fresh Corn Ear Based on High and Low Roller Peeling Equipment
Authors: Chen Shun , Zhang Xinwei , Jiang Chunxia , Yi Kechuan , Wang Qingqing , Sha Xuemeng , Zhang Xiaolong
Published: August 2023

Aiming to address the problems of low working efficiency and high damage rate of high and low roller peeling equipment in the process of fresh corn harvesting in China, this paper theoretically analyzes the mechanical motion process between the peeling device and the corn ear, and a high–low roll peeling structure is proposed. This structure incorporates elastomeric rubber material, a roller segmentation design, and an adjustable spiral frame, and the selection of relevant parameters is given. To determine the optimal operating parameters for the fresh-corn-peeling device, a three-factor, three-level orthogonal test was conducted using the Box–Behnken central grouping method in Design-Expert 12 software. The test factors were peeling roller speed, peeling roller tilt angle, and vibrating plate frequency. The evaluation indices considered were the bract peeling rate (BPR) and the grain breaking rate (GBR). Based on the theoretical analysis results, a test bench for the fresh-corn-ear-peeling device was established and the parameter combination for optimal peeling quality was determined according to the actual work situation. The results show that the impact on the BPR and GBR, from large to small, is in the following order: peeling roller speed, peeling roller tilt angle, and frequency vibration plate. The optimization module was used to optimize the operating parameters and used the following integers to obtain the optimal operating parameter combination: the peeling roller speed was 480 r·min−1; the peeling roller tilt angle was 8°; the vibrating plate frequency was 260 times·min−1; the corresponding BPR was 91.75%, which was 0.66% points lower than the optimal value; and the GBR was 1.55%, which was 0.08% points higher than the optimal value. Notably, this fresh-corn-peeling equipment exhibited superior performance in terms of peeling fracture results compared with standard peeling equipment. Therefore, this study provides valuable technical support for the optimal design and selection of fresh-corn-peeling equipment.
Influence of Mulching on Replantation Disease in Sour Cherry Orchard
Authors: Rutkowski Krzysztof , Łysiak Grzegorz P.
Published: August 2023

Increasingly, in orchards around the world that are planted one after another, disturbances are observed, and these issues with growth and development are called replantation disease. It is manifested mainly by poor tree growth after planting and poor ripening. One way to reduce replantation disease is to improve soil fertility after many years of fruit tree cultivation. The aim of the work was to evaluate the growth and yield of cherries after replantation and to compare this with a site where fruit trees had not grown before. The trees were planted at two sites: after the replantation of the cherry orchard (OR1) and in a site where fruit trees had not been cultivated before (OR2). Two combinations were used in each orchard: boiler without mulching (C), mulch—after planting mulching with a substrate after growing mushrooms (M). The trees at the site after replantation grew and bore less fruit than in the position where fruit trees had not grown before. The disease also affected some of the quality characteristics of the fruit. This resulted in an increase in fruit weight and a darker color (L*) and a higher value of hue fruit color. Mulching, which is often recommended in orchards planted after previous cultivation, did not provide the expected improvement. It did not significantly affect tree growth and yield. Only an effect on the content of components in the soil was observed, but it affected the condition of the trees. In addition, we analyzed how experimental combinations responded to climatic conditions by calculating the correlations between the SAT (sum of active temperatures) and the stages of tree development.
The Effect of Different Forms of Titanium Dioxide on the Yield, Chemical and Microbiological Parameters of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Herbage and Silage
Authors: Przemieniecki Sebastian Wojciech , Borsuk-Stanulewicz Marta , Purwin Cezary , Kosewska Olga , Oćwieja Magdalena
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of three forms of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and their effect on the yield, chemical and microbiological quality of perennial ryegrass herbage and silage. Two types of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) and a commercial product, labeled here as TiO2Com, were selected for the studies. The yield and chemical parameters of herbage did not improve significantly in response to the TiO2 treatment, in comparison to the control group (CONT). The crude protein content of silage was significantly lower in the TiO2Com-treated group than in the TiO2NPs2 group (117 vs. 129 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)). The use of water-soluble carbohydrates during fermentation was limited in the TiO2NPs2 and TiO2Com groups. The fermentation pattern was similar for each investigated group, and a significant difference in pH values was noted between the TiO2NPs2 (pH = 4.49) and CONT (pH = 4.68) group. Lactic acid concentration was the highest in the TiO2NPs1 group (94.8 g kg−1 DM), and the difference relative to the CONT group (83.2 g kg−1 DM) was statistically significant. It was concluded that TiO2 and its nanoparticles have the potential to improve the physicochemical and microbiological quality of herbage and silage.
Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) Mapping for Common Wheat Plant Heights Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images
Authors: Yan An , Ning Songrui , Geng Hongwei , Guo Tao , Xiao Shuting
Published: August 2023

The application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology for high-throughput acquisition of phenotypic values of field plant height is of great significance in plant height monitoring of wheat varieties (lines). Based on the UAV, mounted with high-resolution digital cameras, a low-altitude remote sensing platform was built to obtain images of the Berkut/Worrakatta recombinant inbred lines (RIL) wheat population (297 lines). The optimal digital surface model (DSM) for plant height extraction was constructed by combining the actual wheat plant heights measured in the field. Using a wheat 50K SNP chip, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed for field plant height of the RIL population using UAV plant height data to detect the locus related to plant height. We verified the effectiveness of QTL analysis using the UAV plant height data. The results of the DSM plant height extraction method showed that the plant height extraction models during the entire growth period had a highly significant correlation (p < 0.001); the measured plant height correlated with the predicted plant height, with prediction model accuracy R2 = 0.7527 and verification model accuracy R2 = 0.8214. QTL analysis was conducted on the manually and UAV-measured plant height traits. For the manually measured plant height phenotypes, one locus related to plant height was detected on wheat chromosome 6A and explained 13.12% of phenotypic variation. For the UAV-measured phenotypes, one locus related to plant height was also detected on wheat chromosome 6A and explained 9.62% of phenotypic variation. The QPH.xjau-6A locus on chromosome 6A, which featured in the results of the two measurement methods, is a stable locus, indicating that the mapping results obtained using the actual plant height values were in good agreement with those obtained using the UAV extracted values. Three candidate genes related to plant height were screened: they encode protein kinase, NAC domain protein, and cytochrome P450, respectively. Therefore, this study provided reference information for monitoring plant phenotype and growth of wheat and also for the extraction of plant height for wheat breeding in the future.
Curcumin Alleviates Singapore Grouper Iridovirus-Induced Intestine Injury in Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides)
Authors: Wang Yue-Xuan , Xu Sui-Feng , Wang Ye-Wen , Jiang Yun-Xiang , Qin Qi-Wei , Wei Shi-Na
Published: August 2023

Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a new ranavirus species in the Iridoviridae family, whose high lethality and rapid spread have resulted in enormous economic losses for the aquaculture industry. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound, has been proven to possess multiple biological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. This study was conducted to determine whether curcumin protected orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) from SGIV-induced intestinal damage by affecting the inflammatory response, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and intestinal microbiota. Random distribution of healthy orange-spotted groupers (8.0 ± 1.0 cm and 9.0 ± 1.0 g) into six experimental groups (each group with 90 groupers): Control, DMSO, curcumin, SGIV, DMSO + SGIV, and curcumin + SGIV. The fish administered gavage received DMSO dilution solution or 640 mg/L curcumin every day for 15 days and then were injected intraperitoneally with SGIV 24 h after the last gavage. When more than half of the groupers in the SGIV group perished, samples from each group were collected for intestinal health evaluation. Our results showed that curcumin significantly alleviated intestine damage and repaired intestinal barrier dysfunction, which was identified by decreased intestine permeability and serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and increased expressions of tight junction proteins during SGIV infection. Moreover, curcumin treatment suppressed intestinal cells apoptosis and inflammatory response caused by SGIV and protected intestinal cells from oxidative injury by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which was related to the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. Moreover, we found that curcumin treatment restored the disruption of the intestinal microbiota caused by SGIV infection. Our study provided a theoretical basis for the functional development of curcumin in aquaculture by highlighting the protective effect of curcumin against SGIV-induced intestinal injury.
Carvedilol Phenocopies PGC-1α Overexpression to Alleviate Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Prevent Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Uche Nnamdi , Dai Qiang , Lai Shuping , Kolander Kurt , Thao Mai , Schibly Elizabeth , Sendaydiego Xavier , Zielonka Jacek , Benjamin Ivor J.
Published: August 2023

Doxorubicin (DOX), one of the most effective and widely used anticancer drugs, has the major limitation of cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity (CTRTOX) in the clinic. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial dysfunction are well-known consequences of DOX-induced injury to cardiomyocytes. This study aimed to explore the mitochondrial functional consequences and associated mechanisms of pretreatment with carvedilol, a ß-blocking agent known to exert protection against DOX toxicity. When disease modeling was performed using cultured rat cardiac muscle cells (H9c2 cells) and human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), we found that prophylactic carvedilol mitigated not only the DOX-induced suppression of mitochondrial function but that the mitochondrial functional readout of carvedilol-pretreated cells mimicked the readout of cells overexpressing the major regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC-1α. Carvedilol pretreatment reduces mitochondrial oxidants, decreases cell death in both H9c2 cells and human iPSC-CM and maintains the cellular ‘redox poise’ as determined by sustained expression of the redox sensor Keap1 and prevention of DOX-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation. These results indicate that, in addition to the already known ROS-scavenging effects, carvedilol has a hitherto unrecognized pro-reducing property against the oxidizing conditions induced by DOX treatment, the sequalae of DOX-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and compromised cell viability. The novel findings of our preclinical studies suggest future trial design of carvedilol prophylaxis, such as prescreening for redox state, might be an alternative strategy for preventing oxidative stress writ large in lieu of the current lack of clinical evidence for ROS-scavenging agents.
Cross-Talk of NADPH Oxidases and Inflammation in Obesity
Authors: Morawietz Henning , Brendel Heike , Diaba-Nuhoho Patrick , Catar Rusan , Perakakis Nikolaos , Wolfrum Christian , Bornstein Stefan R.
Published: August 2023

Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Multiple experimental and clinical studies have shown increased oxidative stress and inflammation linked to obesity. NADPH oxidases are major sources of reactive oxygen species in the cardiovascular system and in metabolically active cells and organs. An impaired balance due to the increased formation of reactive oxygen species and a reduced antioxidative capacity contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and is linked to inflammation as a major pathomechanism in cardiometabolic diseases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is particularly characterized by increased oxidative stress and inflammation. In recent years, COVID-19 infections have also increased oxidative stress and inflammation in infected cells and tissues. Increasing evidence supports the idea of an increased risk for severe clinical complications of cardiometabolic diseases after COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in experimental models and clinical studies of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19 infections and potential therapeutic strategies.
Artemisia gmelinii Extract Attenuates Particulate Matter-Induced Neutrophilic Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Lung Injury
Authors: Song Hyeon-Ji , Shin Dong-Uk , Eom Ji-Eun , Lim Kyung Min , Lim Eun Yeong , Kim Young In , Kim Ha-Jung , Song Ju Hye , Shim MyeongKuk , Choe HyeonJeong , Kim Gun-Dong , Lee So-Young , Shin Hee Soon
Published: August 2023

Particulate matter (PM) induces and augments oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to respiratory diseases. Although Artemisia gmelinii Weber ex Stechm has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, there are no reports on whether Artemisia gmelinii extract (AGE) regulates lung inflammation in a PM-induced model. Thus, we investigated the protective effects of AGE using a PM-induced mouse lung inflammation model. AGE significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory chemokines, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and the total number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Furthermore, AGE attenuated lung inflammation through the suppression of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, while promoting the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in lung tissues. Concordant with these observations, AGE suppressed inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, NETosis, myeloperoxidase, and neutrophil elastase by decreasing the mRNA expression of High mobility group box 1, Runt-related transcription factor 1, and Kruppel-like factor 6 in differentiated HL-60 cells. In summary, our data demonstrated that AGE suppresses PM-induced neutrophil infiltration, lung damage, and pulmonary inflammation by suppressing NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways and enhancing the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that AGE administration is an effective approach for preventing and treating PM-induced respiratory inflammation.
Personal Protective Equipment as a Potential Source of Phthalate Exposure during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oteef Mohammed D. Y. , Otaif Khadejah D. , Idris Abubakr M.
Published: August 2023

Personal protective equipment (PPE)—especially face masks, face shields, and gloves—was used to minimize the spread of COVID-19. PPE is primarily made of plastic materials with various plastic additives, such as phthalate plasticizers. Phthalates are linked with various adverse health effects. Therefore, this study investigated the amounts of six commonly used phthalates (DBP, BBP, DEHP, DnOP, DINP, and DIDP) in different types of PPE samples collected during the pandemic. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to detect six selected phthalates and other organic chemicals in PPE samples. The quality of data was ensured using certified reference materials, internal standards, procedural blanks, and replicate analyses. The total phthalate content found in face shields and face masks was in the range of 0.29 µg/g to 942.60 µg/g, with DBP, DEHP, and DINP detected most frequently. A health risk assessment concluded that the determined levels were not expected to pose adverse health effects on the wearer. However, the findings of this study suggest that chronic daily intakes of phthalates from two vinyl glove samples with phthalate content exceeding 11% and 14% (w/w) of the glove’s weight may potentially increase the risk of cancer in humans. In addition to the target phthalates, flame retardants and other plasticizers (e.g., organophosphates and dioctyl isophthalate) were tentatively identified in various PPE samples.
Controlled Drainage Effectiveness in Reducing Nutrient Outflow in Light of Climate Changes
Authors: Kęsicka Barbara , Kozłowski Michał , Stasik Rafał , Pińskwar Iwona
Published: August 2023

This modeling study focused on the hydrological and water quality effects of controlled drainage (CD) when operated using a subsurface drainage system in an agricultural field in the Wielkopolska region. The DRAINMOD hydrologic model was well calibrated and validated in an experimental field. This model was used in the performance of CD and free drainage (FD) combinations (108 and 27, respectively) in a near-future climate change scenario. The objective was to understand the potential of CD on the groundwater table (GWT), drainage outflow, surface runoff, and nitrogen and phosphorus reduction under projected climate conditions in Poland during the 21st century with shared socioeconomic pathway SSP370. The results indicated that the earliest start of CD practice is the most effective in increasing GWT. Compared to current climatic conditions, when applying CD on 1 March in the near future, with an initial GWT of 60 and 80 cm b.s.l. in wet years, drainage outflows will increase by 33% and 80% for the GFDL model, by 30% and 40% for the MPI model, and by 17% and 23% for the UKESM model. Comparing the surface runoff values obtained to current climate conditions, the MPI, GFDL, and UKESM models predict a significant increase in surface runoff in the near future, which is due to the predicted increase in precipitation. The annual NO3–N reduction was by 22, 19, and 15 kg per hectare for wet, normal, and dry years, respectively, in the near future. Among the climate scenarios, the UKESM model predicted higher NO3–N and PO4 leaching values compared to the MPI and GFDL models.
Green Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles Using Hyphaene thebaica Fruit Extract and Their Photocatalytic Application
Authors: Safdar Ammara , Mohamed Hamza Elsayed Ahmed , Hkiri Khaoula , Muhaymin Abdul , Maaza Malik
Published: August 2023

Cobalt oxide, a multifunctional, anti-ferromagnetic p-type semiconductor with an optical bandgap of ~2.00 eV, exhibits remarkable catalytic, chemical, optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. In our study, cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) were prepared by the green synthesis method using dried fruit extracts of Hyphaene thebaica (doum palm) as a cost-effective reducing and stabilizing agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) depicts stable hollow spherical entities which, consist of interconnected Co3O4 NPs, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) indicates the presence of Co and O. The obtained product was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) that showed a sharp peak at (220), (311), (222), (400), (511) indicating the high crystallinity of the product. The Raman peaks indicate the Co3O4 spinel structure with an average shift of Δν~9 cm−1 (191~470~510~608~675 cm−1). In the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrum, the major bands at 3128 cm−1, 1624 cm−1, 1399 cm−1, 667 cm−1, and 577 cm−1 can be attributed to the carbonyl functional groups, amides, and Co3O4 NPs, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized NPs was evaluated by degrading methylene blue dye under visible light. Approximately 93% degradation was accomplished in the reaction time of 175 min at a catalyst loading of 1 g/L under neutral pH. This study has shown that Co3O4 is a promising material for photocatalytic degradation.
Lose Your Grip: Challenging Varroa destructor Host Attachment with Tartaric, Lactic, Formic, and Citric Acids
Authors: Vilarem Caroline , Piou Vincent , Blanchard Solène , Vogelweith Fanny , Vétillard Angélique
Published: August 2023

Beekeepers can use a variety of treatments against Varroa destructor, the parasitic mite of Apis mellifera. However, sustainable and easy-to-use solutions are still scarce, considering the complexity of reaching the parasite alone. Current treatments involve soft acaricides, although their mechanism of action is not well understood. We investigated the effects of organic acids such as tartaric, lactic, formic, and citric acids on the attachment abilities of V. destructor under laboratory conditions. Preventing parasites from gripping or holding on to their hosts is a crucial target for mite control strategies. We challenged grip skills through the Rotavar setup after the direct application of acids to mites’ arolia. We also tested the potential for mites to fall off honeybees after bee treatment. We found that tartaric, citric, and lactic acids were good candidates to impair the attachment of V. destructor twenty-four hours post-treatment. However, lactic acid remained the only candidate at a reasonable concentration to destabilise mites after the honey bee’s treatment without reducing their lifespan. While we conducted these experiments under artificial conditions, our results improved our comprehension of the organic acids’ potential impact on V. destructor. They can also help with the development of new methods for hive application for beekeepers worldwide.
Interlayer Isolation Structures Considering Soil–Structure Interaction under Long-Period Ground Motions: An Experimental Analysis
Authors: Xu Liying , Shi Jianri , Wu Yingxiong , Lin Youqin
Published: August 2023

After coupling long-period seismic motions with the soil–structure interaction (SSI) effect, isolated structures can easily be resonated, and the seismic response of the structure is significantly enhanced. The SSI effect can alter the dynamic characteristics of a structure, resulting in a deviation between the assumed seismic-isolation effect of the rigid foundation and the theoretical results. To investigate the dynamic characteristics and seismic-response laws of interlayer structures considering SSI under long-term seismic motion, four types of ground motions (near-field ordinary, far-field ordinary, near-field pulse, and far-field harmonic ground motions) were selected, and two structural models (rigid-foundation and soft soil foundation interlayer seismic-isolation structure models) were established. Experiments were conducted using a combination of shaking-table tests and finite-element simulations. The results show that the use of the SSI effect caused the decrease in the acceleration response of the upper structure of both models under four types of seismic motions and increased the seismic peak ground acceleration (PGA). In addition, the weakening of the acceleration response of the upper structure under ordinary seismic motion is significant for longer periods of seismic motion. Furthermore, when considering the SSI effect, the displacement response ratio under long periods and ordinary ground motions is greater than that of rigid foundations, and the horizontal deformation of the isolation layer under long-period ground motions is greater than that under ordinary ground motions. This shows that the SSI effect weakens the interlayer shear force under ordinary seismic action more than that under long-period seismic action. When PGA increases, the interlayer shear force response of the interlayer isolation structure model with a soft soil foundation under a long-period seismic action may be smaller than that of the rigid-foundation model.
Prompt-Based Graph Convolution Adversarial Meta-Learning for Few-Shot Text Classification
Authors: Gong Ruwei , Qin Xizhong , Ran Wensheng
Published: August 2023

Deep learning techniques have demonstrated significant advancements in the task of text classification. Regrettably, the majority of these techniques necessitate a substantial corpus of annotated data to achieve optimal performance. Meta-learning has yielded intriguing outcomes in few-shot learning tasks, showcasing its potential in advancing the field. However, the current meta-learning methodologies are susceptible to overfitting due to the mismatch between a small number of samples and the complexity of the model. To mitigate this concern, we propose a Prompt-based Graph Convolutional Adversarial (PGCA) meta-learning framework, aiming to improve the adaptability of complex models in a few-shot scenario. Firstly, leveraging prompt learning, we generate embedding representations that bridge the downstream tasks. Then, we design a meta-knowledge extractor based on a graph convolutional neural network (GCN) to capture inter-class dependencies through instance-level interactions. We also integrate the adversarial network architecture into a meta-learning framework to extend sample diversity through adversarial training and improve the ability of the model to adapt to new tasks. Specifically, we mitigate the impact of extreme samples by introducing external knowledge to construct a list of class prototype extensions. Finally, we conduct a series of experiments on four public datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
A Novel ASIC Implementation of Two-Dimensional Image Compression Using Improved B.G. Lee Algorithm
Authors: Mendez Tanya , Kedlaya K Vishnumurthy , Nayak Dayananda , Mruthyunjaya H. S. , Nayak Subramanya G.
Published: August 2023

A 2D Discrete Cosine Transform and Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform using the B.G. Lee algorithm, incorporating a signed error-tolerant adder for additions, and a signed low-power fixed-point multiplier to perform multiplications are proposed and designed in this research. A novel Application Specific Integrated Circuit hardware implementation is used for the 2D DCT/IDCT computation of each 8 × 8 image block by optimizing the input data using the concepts of pipelining. An enhanced speed in processing and optimized arithmetic computations was observed due to the eight-stage pipeline architecture. The 2D DCT/IDCT of each 8 × 8 image segment can be quickly processed in 34 clock cycles with a substantially reduced level of circuit complexity. The B.G. Lee algorithm has been implemented using signed error-tolerant adders, signed fixed-point multipliers, and shifters, reducing computational complexity, power, and area. The Cadence Genus tool synthesized the proposed architecture with gpdk-90 nm and gpdk-45 nm technology libraries. The proposed method showed a significant reduction of 31.01%, 12.17%, and 21.11% in power, area, and PDP in comparison to the existing image compression architectures. An improved PSNR of the reconstructed image was also achieved compared to existing designs.
Substantiation of Parameters of the Network Model of the Air Distribution Due the Piston Effect in the Extra-Long Tunnels
Authors: Krasyuk Aleksandr , Lugin Ivan , Irgibayev Tuleukhan , Alferova Elena
Published: August 2023

The article analyzes the aerodynamic processes initiated by the piston effect in extra-long railway tunnels. The authors numerically modelled the movement of a freight train, 1 km long, in tunnels 3 and 6 km long. The analysis used the ANSYS Fluent environment. The modeling determined the air pressure at the front and back faces of the train, the draught loss in the tunnel clearance, as well as the air velocity in the tunnel clearance and in the tunnel. These data are used to develop a quasi-dynamic model of the piston effect for solving problems concerning air distribution with the application of network models. The air flow rates calculated in ANSYS Fluent and using the network models agree quite well. The time of the problem solving for a tunnel 3 km long using the network model is shorter by 5 orders of magnitude, which is of significant importance for both the study and multivariate design of ventilations systems for railway tunnels.
Fruit Powder Analysis Using Machine Learning Based on Color and FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy—Case Study: Blackcurrant Powders
Authors: Przybył Krzysztof , Walkowiak Katarzyna , Jedlińska Aleksandra , Samborska Katarzyna , Masewicz Łukasz , Biegalski Jakub , Pawlak Tomasz , Koszela Krzysztof
Published: August 2023

Fruits represent a valuable source of bioactivity, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. They are often used in research due to their potential to extend sustainability and edibility. In this research, the currants were used to obtain currant powders by dehumidified air-assisted spray drying. In the research analysis of currant powders, advanced machine learning techniques were used in combination with Lab color space model analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The aim of this project was to provide authentic information about the qualities of currant powders, taking into account their type and carrier content. In addition, the machine learning models were developed to support the recognition of individual blackcurrant powder samples based on Lab color. These results were compared using their physical properties and FTIR spectroscopy to determine the homogeneity of these powders; this will help reduce operating and energy costs while also increasing the production rate, and even the possibility of improving the available drying system.
Bi-Level Emission Reduction Model of the Hybrid Power Market Based on Carbon Emission Flow Theory and Source–Load Coordination
Authors: Zhong Hao , Zhang Lei , Dong Xuewei
Published: August 2023

Limited by the influence of network topology and other factors, the theory of carbon emission flow is unreasonable in the allocation of carbon responsibility on the user side, which leads to the low enthusiasm of users to respond to emission mitigation. The emergence of bilateral transactions provides users with the freedom to choose the type of power supply which is of great significance to exploring the potential of users to reduce emissions and promote the consumption of new energy. For this reason, this paper proposes a bi-level emission reduction model of the hybrid electricity market considering carbon emission flow and source–load coordination. The upper level aims to maximize the revenue of wind, photovoltaic, and thermal power generators and establishes a market-clearing model based on the trading rules of the hybrid electricity market to obtain the bid-winning power of each generator and the hybrid market electricity price. After the market is cleared, the carbon emission liability of the user side is calculated by using the carbon emission flow theory. The lower level takes the minimum cost of electricity consumption as the target and uses electricity price and carbon responsibility as incentives to establish a decision-making model for users to purchase electricity and guide users to actively choose green energy for consumption. The results of the example show that compared with the single pool market trading model the carbon emissions of the system are reduced by 11.9% while the income of the new energy power generations is increased by 9.84% and the electricity cost of the user is reduced by 21.2%, which underlines a mutually beneficial outcome for all stakeholders in the market.