bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El principio de oportunidad en el sistema penal acusatorio, entre el eficientismo y la certeza de la pena
Authors: Castro C. John Jairo
Published: July 2019

La incorporación del principio de oportunidad en el proceso penal, es una característica innovadora en la aplicación de la política criminal de nuestro Estado, entendido este como una facultad que le permite a la Fiscalía General de la Nación suspender, interrumpir o reanudar la persecución penal. Dicha oportunidad debe ser sometida ante el juez de garantías para que haga el control de legalidad. No es una facultad absoluta, pues la Fiscalía debe tener en cuenta la política criminal y las causales definidas en la ley para su aplicación. Es por eso que el presente trabajo busca aclarar inquietudes que se generan en esta materia, haciendo un estudio de la política criminal general y la de nuestro Estado, para luego poder determinar en qué casos se puede predicar su aplicación teniendo en cuenta que esta debe ir enfocada a evitar la imposición de penas innecesarias y orientar los mecanismos de administración de justicia para la investigación de conductas más lesivas.Al respecto es importante tener en cuenta si con la inclusión de este principio en nuestro ordenamiento, se generan verdaderas garantías de aplicación de justicia, y si de esta manera el derecho penal, como instrumento sancionador del Estado, responde de manera eficaz a una sociedad con problemáticas evidentemente graves que necesitan respuestas que generen soluciones y establezcan bases de justicia humana.
Brasil, nueva potencia mundial
Authors: Parra Néstor Hernando
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad hacer un estudio general de laspolíticas implementadas en Brasil durante gobiernos como el de FernandoHenrique (1995-2002), Luiz Inácio Lula Silva (2003-2010) y Dilma Russef(2011-), para ver y entender un avance y unos resultados que hoy se hacenevidentes ante la comunidad internacional, de Brasil, un país con una extensiónterritorial de cerca de 8.5 millones de kilómetros cuadrados (casi la mitad deSuramérica), con más de 200 millones de habitantes, entre otros aspectos,con un modelo de desarrollo económico que combina la apertura comercialcon el proteccionismo a su pujante industria diversificada. Es pues, fundamentode este artículo explicar el posicionamiento de Brasil como nueva potenciamundial, teniendo en cuenta los avances y los obstáculos que se han generadodurante el desarrollo de este proceso y, sobre todo, resaltando a un Brasillíder suramericano que lucha por superar el subdesarrollo.
La acción de tutela en la ciudad de Tunja entre 2008 y 2010
Authors: Osuna Camargo Luz Aidé , Rodríguez Niño Yudi Marlovia
Published: July 2019

Las innumerables arbitrariedades alo largo de la historia contra los derechosfundamentales de los ciudadanos por parte de quienes ostentan el poder, hanhecho necesario establecer mecanismos para su protección, como la acciónde tutela. Acción que recibe distintas denominaciones en diferentes países,por ejemplo,en Perú, Venezuela y Argentina, se conoce comoacción de amparo,en México se llama derecho de amparo,y en Colombia, acción de tutela, porcitar solo algunos casos. En nuestro país, esta se ha convertido en laherramienta jurídica más idónea con la que cuentan los ciudadanos para lapronta y eficiente protección de los derechos fundamentales frente a su amenazao vulneración por las autoridades o particulares.Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, es importante conocer algunos aspectosrelativos a la aplicación de la tutela en Tunja, capital del departamento deBoyacá. En este estudio se determinará concretamente cuáles derechosfundamentales se han protegido mediante la tutela en esta ciudad, entre losaños 2008 y 2010,si los afectados la han instaurado directamente o porintermedio de terceros, y contra quiénes, entre otros importantes aspectos.
Ius connubii y matrimonio igualitario en el sistema internacional de derechos humanos
Authors: Gutiérrez Castillo Víctor Luis
Published: July 2019

La discriminación por orientación sexual, el matrimonio, la homoparentalidad,fueron algunas de las cuestiones debatidas en estetrabajo. Aquí se hizo unestudio sobre el matrimonio igualitario y su fundamento en los textosinternacionales de derechos humanos, se planteó un análisis jurídico del iusconnubii, su interpretación y aplicación en la práctica. Dicho análisis servirátambién para valorar las diferentes fórmulas que, junto con la institución delmatrimonio, se presentan en algunos países como “soluciones alternativas” alas demandas de derechos del colectivo LGTB, fórmulas que responden acaracterísticas bien distintas según la realidad histórica, sociológica y políticade cada país1. Todas estas instituciones son consideradas por movimientos dederechos humanos como fórmulas apartheid, en cuanto fomentan ladiscriminación y crean una ciudadanía limitada o de segunda categoría(Pezzini, 2010, p. 1-25).
preliminar
Authors: Díaz Gamboa Luís Bernardo
Published: July 2019

preliminar
Ambientes favorables para el ejercicio de la democracia en la escuela
Authors: Cifuentes Medina José Eriberto
Published: July 2019

El artículo analiza la relación entre la democracia y sus ambientes favorablesde vivencia en la escuela. Además presenta la manera como los agenteseducativos establecidos por la ley se gobiernan –influenciados en gran partepor los intereses de los profesores, agentes de la educación para la democracia–y su incidencia para la sociedad que se experimenta desde la misma escuela.Se exploran aspectos de los ambientes que se manifiestan acerca de lademocracia y su ejercicio, a fin de fortalecer las competencias cívicas yciudadanas de los futuros ciudadanos y promover la construcción de susdeberes y derechos como estudiantes para participar de las decisiones de laescuela, de forma tal que se favorezcan el desarrollo y la promoción de losderechos humanos.
Canal de Panamá
Authors: Henao Hidrón Javier
Published: July 2019

En el siglo XVI empezó a divulgarse la idea de construir un canal de navegaciónque uniera el Atlántico y el Pacífico por el lugar más estrecho entre ambos océanos:el istmo de Panamá. Separados por un poco más 80 kilómetros, el canal reemplazaríanada menos que el largo crucero por el extremo sur del continente, al tiempo quesería enorme su contribución al comercio mundial.
El profesor universitario en la era de la globalización
Authors: Parra Escobar Néstor Hernando
Published: July 2019

Señor rector, profesoras y profesores amigos:Hablar ante tan selecto auditorio constituye un honor y un compromiso que en granmedida es un reto, al menos para mí. Es también una excepcional ocasión paravolver sobre un tema que ha ocupado mi atención en el campo de la educaciónsuperior: el profesor universitario. Sin embargo, prefiero comenzar por misobservaciones como estudiante universitario en cursos para mayores durante lostres últimos años, que me ha permitido constatar la alta formación y calidad dedocentes profesionales, el desarrollo de la investigación, los programas de proyecciónsocial, la extensa gama de recursos físicos y tecnológicos, los nuevos métodos detrabajo en red, al igual que vestigios de metodologías docentes que suponía yasuperadas, muestra clara de la resistencia ancestral de algunos profesores a cambiarsu actitud verticalmente soberana frente a los educandos.
Empresas y Derechos Humanos
Authors: Tapia Gutiérrez Asier
Published: July 2019

La responsabilidad de las empresas transnacionales frente a los derechoshumanos ha estado en el ojo del huracán. Es evidente que los márgenes demaniobra de las multinacionales han alterado las propias soberanías estatalesy por ello es menester controlar los desafueros. Sin embargo, los mecanismospropuestos en el régimen internacional distan de ser realmente eficientes yparece que más bien prohíjan las desviaciones, por lo cual es necesariotrabajar arduamente en la limitación del accionar de estas empresas que hancausado daños ambientales severos.
Instrucción de litigantes, de Antonio de Paz y Salgado: un modelo alternativo desjudicializador de los conflictos
Authors: López Murcia Rafael Antonio
Published: July 2019

Interesante exploración histórica que revela como en un recientementedescubierto texto del siglo XVII, ya se hablaba de “desjudicializar” losconflictos, por medio de la amigable composición. Los sabios consejos en tanantiguas calendas, dejan entrever una gran sabiduría que nos recuerda eladagio popular: “es mejor un mal arreglo, que un buen pleito”. El autor esactualmente juez en Tegucigalpa.
Itinerario de la crisis humanitaria en Siria
Authors: Henao Hidrón Javier
Published: July 2019

Antes de surgir la crisis social y política que concita estos comentarios, Siria era unpaís de 21 millones de habitantes y 185.180 km2, situado en la región del CercanoOriente, limítrofe con Turquía, el Mar Mediterráneo, Líbano, Israel, Jordania eIrak.La llamada primavera árabe empezó en Siria en marzo de 2011 con un movimientode protesta contra la dictadura de los Asad (el general Hafiz, el padre, gobernó conmano de hierro durante veintinueve años y Bashar, el hijo, lleva doce en la mismalínea). La actitud del gobierno fue todavía más cruel que en Libia, pues reaccionósin imponerse límites contra los rebeldes y sus eventuales apoyos dentro de lapoblación civil, mientras Rusia1 y China le brindaban apoyo e impedían con suveto que el Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas aprobara un plan de laLiga Árabe para una transición a la democracia, así como propuestas destinadas apresionar y sancionar a un desprestigiado régimen que abiertamente vulneraba losderechos humanos.
La hora de las víctimas y de las esperanzas
Authors: Ballén Molina Rafael A.
Published: July 2019

En un país en guerra, como el nuestro, todos somos víctimas. Esa es la malanoticia. La buena, es que el mundo está con nosotros, rinde homenaje a nuestrasvíctimas mortales y hace visibles a nuestras víctimas sobrevivientes. Ciudadanosvascos y colombianos residentes en el País Vasco/Euskal Herria, le han hecho unjusto reconocimiento al docente universitario, humanista y líder sindical, JorgeAdolfo Freytter Romero –asesinado por paramilitares del Bloque Norte de lasAutodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC), aliado con el “Grupo de Acción Unificadapor la Libertad Personal” (Gaula), el 28 de agosto de 2001–, organizando laAsociación Jorge Adolfo Freytter Romero. Y la Universidad del País Vasco hamaterializado ese homenaje en la publicación del libro Presente y futuro de Colombiaen tiempos de esperanzas: en memoria al profesor Jorge Adolfo Freytter Romero.El libro ve la luz pública justo para conmemorar el decimotercer aniversario de lamuerte del profesor Freytter Romero, y en el preciso momento en que el procesode paz de La Habana, el Gobierno y las Farc-Ep abordan el punto relacionado conel reconocimiento a las víctimas.
La reelección presidencial en Latinoamérica: un avance en el caudillismo y un retroceso en la democracia
Authors: Cárdenas Hernández Carlos Alfonso
Published: July 2019

El caudillismo es el régimen político que caracteriza la cultura políticalatinoamericana, y la reelección es un instrumento utilizado por los defensoresde este sistema, para mantenerse en el poder en detrimento de la democraciarepublicana. De ahí que, para garantizar el ejercicio de esta democracia, sedeba limitar el ejercicio del poder presidencial a un periodo razonable, sinposibilidad de reelección, a fin de fortalecer los partidos políticos quedinamizan la democracia.
Las medidas cautelares en la acción popular para la protección del derecho transgeneracional al medio ambiente “recurso hídrico”
Authors: Pedraza Huertas Nicolás Andrés
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo estudia las medidas cautelares como mecanismo deprotección al derecho a un medio ambiente sano estipulado en los artículos79 y 80 de la Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991. Concretamente serefiere a la defensa de los recursos hídricos a través de la acción popular(art. 88 C.P.), reglamentada en la ley 472 de 1998 como un mecanismo deprotección de los derechos e intereses colectivos y difusos relacionados conel ambiente sano. Además se determina la importancia de las medidascautelares para la protección del recurso hídrico mediante la interpretacióny aplicación que realicen los jueces en las acciones populares, bajo el principiode prevención, según el cual la decisión de los jueces debe garantizar losderechos transgeneracionales a un medio ambiente sano de las generacionesfuturas. También se compilan las normas colombianas sobre protección delos recursos hídricos, específicamente las correspondientes al ecosistema depáramos, donde nacen las cuencas hidrográficas del país, que son objeto deestudio por la importancia para las diferentes disciplinas por su impactosocial. Se concluye con un estudio sobre la importancia de la salvaguardaconstitucional y protección de los derechos transgeneracionales por mediode medidas previas aplicadas transitoriamente cuando se pueda causar undaño inminente durante la acción legal.
Neoliberales en América Latina. Ortodoxos y convencionales
Authors: Katz Claudio
Published: July 2019

En América Latina el neoliberalismo comenzó antes y ha enfrentado mayoresresistencias. Es una práctica reaccionaria, un pensamiento conservador y unmodelo de acumulación basado en agresiones a los trabajadores, en un marcode mayor internacionalización del capital.Hubo una etapa inicial del ajuste y otra fase posterior de privatizacionesdurante las dictaduras y las transiciones posteriores. La aplicación del esquemaneoclásico acentuó los desequilibrios financieros, cambiarios y productivostradicionales y repitió los socorros estatales a los capitalistas a costa delerario público.A diferencia de otras regiones, el neoliberalismo latinoamericano quedóafectado por el impacto de las sublevaciones populares. Mantiene el programaderechista, pero redujo su triunfalismo, atenuó sus ambiciones y acepta ciertaintervención estatal. Puede ser visto como etapa del capitalismo, estrategiade libre-comercio, política económica o gobierno derechista. Para definir sise encuentra a la ofensiva o en repliegue hay que distinguir esas cuatroacepciones.El librecambismo postula una imaginaria inserción natural en el mercadomundial y reproduce el subdesarrollo que genera la exportación primaria.Las brechas internacionales de productividad desmienten las fantasías deconvergencia entre economías avanzadas y periféricas.El neoliberalismo hereda viejas teorías de inferioridad de los nativos, atrasocultural hispanoamericano y supremacía de Occidente. Retoma los mitospositivistas de la modernización basados en la copia del capitalismo avanzado.Despotrica contra la injerencia estatal, ocultando los beneficios que obtienenlos capitalistas y no explica la continuidad de esa intervención al cabo detantos gobiernos pro-mercado. Es absurda su presentación de la informalidadlaboral como una resurrección de la competencia empresaria.Como creencia, programa o cosmovisión el neoliberalismo es la principalideología actual de las clases dominantes. No ha sido internalizada por losoprimidos.
Pengaruh Model Guided Discovery Learning Berbantuan Media Simulasi PhET Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Fisika Siswa
Authors: Hidayat Rian , Hakim Lukman , Lia Linda
Published: June 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk menganalisis pengaruh model guided discovery learning berbantuan media simulasi PhET terhadap pemahaman konsep fisika siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah kuasi eksperimen dengan desain the matching only post-test control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 22 Palembang yang terdiri dari 6 kelas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling, dan mengambil 2 kelas sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen tes pemahaman konsep Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata pemahaman konsep kelas eksperimen = 85,00 dan kelas kontrol sebesar   = 71,92. Hasil uji-t berpasangan diperoleh    >  yaitu 8,17 > 1,67; yang berarti ada pengaruh secara signifikan penerapan model guided discovery learning terhadap pemahaman konsep fisika siswa. Diperoleh simpulan bahwa model guided discovery learning berbantuan media simulasi PhET secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap pemahaman konsep fisika siswa dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional.       The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of guided discovery learning models assisted by media PhET simulation of the understanding of students' physics concepts. The research method used was quasi-experimental with the matching only post-test control group design. The population in this study was all students of class XI IPA SMA Negeri 22 Palembang consisting of 6 classes. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique and took two classes as the experimental class and the control class. Data collection using concept understanding test instruments. The results showed that the mean understanding of the experimental class concept = 85.00 and the control class = 71.92. The results of the t-test are obtained t_count> t_table that is 8,17> 1,67; which means that there is a significant effect of the application of the guided discovery learning model to the understanding of students' physics concepts. It was concluded that the guided discovery learning model assisted by PhET simulation media significantly influenced the understanding of students' physics concepts compared to conventional learning.
A Fault Diagnosis Approach for Rolling Bearing Based on Wavelet Packet Decomposition and GMM-HMM
Authors: Huang Liangpei , Huang Hua , Liu Yonghua
Published: July 2019

Considering frequency domain energy distribution differences of bearing vibration signal in the different failure
modes, a rolling bearing fault pattern recognition method is proposed based on orthogonal wavelet packet decomposition and Gaussian Mixture Model-Hidden Markov Model (GMM-HMM). The orthogonal three-layer wavelet
packet decomposition is used to obtain wavelet packet decomposition coefficients from low frequency to high frequency. Rolling bearing raw vibration signals are firstly decomposed into the wavelet signals of different frequency
bands, then different frequency band signals are reconstructed respectively to extract energy features, which form
feature vectors as the model input of GMM-HMM. A large number of samples are trained to get model parameters
for different bearing faults, then several groups of test data are adopted to verify GMM-HMMs so different fault
types of rolling bearings are recognized. By calculating the current state appearance probability of monitoring data
in GMM-HMMs, different failure patterns are recognized and evaluated from the maximum probability. Similarly,
we establish GMM-HMMs for different grade fault samples and evaluated the performance degradation state. Test
results show that the proposed fault diagnosis approach can identify accurately the fault pattern of rolling bearings
and evaluate performance degradation of bearings.
Stability Analysis of a Tapered Symmetric Sandwich Beam Resting on a Variable Pasternak Foundation
Authors: Pradhan Madhusmita , Dash P. R. , Mishra Mrunal Kanti , Pradhan Prasanta Kumar
Published: July 2019

The static and dynamic stability analysis of a three-layered, tapered and symmetric sandwich beam resting on a
variable Pasternak foundation and undergoing a periodic axial load has been carried out for two different boundary
conditions by using a computational method. The governing equation of motion has been derived by using Hamilton’s principle along with generalized Galerkin’s method. The effects of elastic foundation parameter, core-loss
factor, the ratio of length of the beam to the thickness of the elastic layer, the ratio of thickness of shear-layer of
Pasternak foundation to the length of the beam, different modulus ratios, taper parameter, core thickness parameter,
core-density parameter and geometric parameter on the non-dimensional static buckling load and on the regions of
parametric instability are studied. This type of study will help the designers to achieve a system with high strength
to weight ratio and better stability which are the desirable parameters for many modern engineering applications,
such as in the attitude stability of spinning satellites, stability of helicopter components, stability of space vehicles
etc.
Assessing the Species in the CARES Preservation Program and the Role of Aquarium Hobbyists in Freshwater Fish Conservation
Authors: Valdez Jose W. , Mandrekar Kapil
Published: July 2019

Freshwater fish represent half of all fish species and are the most threatened vertebrate group. Given their considerable passion and knowledge, aquarium hobbyists can play a vital role in their conservation. CARES is made up of many hobbyist organizations, whose purpose is to encourage aquarium hobbyists to the most endangered or extinct-in-the-wild freshwater fish to help ensure their survival. We found the CARES priority list contains nearly six hundred species from twenty families and two dozen species extinct-in-the-wild. The major families were typically the ones with largest hobbyist affiliations such as killifish, livebearers, and cichlids; which alone were half of CARES species. CARES contained every IUCN threatened species of Pseudomugilidae and Valenciidae, but only one percent of threatened Characidae, Cobitidae, and Gobiidae species. No Loricariidae in CARES were in the IUCN red list as they were not scientifically described. Tanzania and Mexico contained the largest amount of species, with the latter containing the most endemics. A large percent of species were classified differently than the IUCN, including a third of extinct-in-the-wild species classified as least concern by the IUCN. The vast disconnect exemplifies the importance of collaboration and information exchange required between hobbyists, the scientific community, and conservation organizations.
Identification of Biomarker Signatures and Candidate Drugs in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Rownaq Amina , Mosharaf Md. Parvez , Islam S. M. Shahinul , Mollah Md. Nurul Haque
Published: July 2019

Lung cancer is one of the most important health risks worldwide for human. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of premature death from malignant disease. This study provides in-depth insights from systems biology analyses to identify molecular to inform systemic drug targeting in NSCLC. Gene expression profiles from non small cell lung cancer were analyzed with genome-scale biomolecular networks (I,e., protein-protein interaction, transcriptional and post transcriptional regulatory networks). The aim of the study was to determine the pathways and expression profile of the genes to discover molecular signature at RNA and protein levels which could serve as potential drug targets for therapeutics innovation and the identification of novel targets. Eight proteins, six TFs and seven miRNAs came into prominence as potential drug targets. The differential expression profiles of these reporter biomolecules were cross-validated by independent RNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq. Risk discrimination performance of the reporter biomolecules NPR3, JUN, PPARG, TP53, CKMT1A, SP3 and TFAP2A were also evaluated. Total 213 drugs and 7 proteins were found for non small cell lung cancer through dgidb. Among these identified drugs seven drugs such as- Gemcitabine, Carboplatin, paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Crizotinib, Bevacizumab and Gemcitabine is used for NSCLC which is approved by National Cancer Institute. The molecular signatures and repurposed drugs presented here permit further attention for experimental studies which are offer significant potential as biomarkers and candidate therapeutics for precision medicine approaches to clinical management of NSCLC.
Predicting Residual Function in Hemodialysis and Hemodiafiltration – A Population Kinetic, Decision Analytic Approach
Authors: Achakzai Mohammad , Argyropoulos Christos , Roumelioti Maria Eleni
Published: July 2019

In this study, we introduce a novel framework for the estimation of residual renal function (RRF), based on the population compartmental kinetic behavior of Beta 2 Microglobulin (B2M) and its dialytic removal. Using this model, we simulated a large cohort of patients with various levels of RRF receiving either conventional high-flux hemodialysis or on-line hemodiafiltration. These simulations were used to estimate a novel population kinetic (PK) equation for RRF (PK-RRF) that was validated in an external public dataset of real patients. We assessed the performance of the resulting equation(s) against their ability to estimate urea clearance using cross-validation. Our equations derived entirely from computer simulations and advanced statistical modeling, and had extremely high discrimination (AUC 0.808 – 0.909) when applied to a human dataset of measurements of RRF. A clearance-based equation that utilized pre and post dialysis B2M measurements, patient weight, treatment duration and ultrafiltration had higher discrimination than an equation previously derived in humans. Furthermore, the derived equations appeared to have higher clinical usefulness as assessed by Decision Curve Analysis, potentially supporting decisions that for individualizing dialysis frequency in patients with preserved RRF.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN COMBINATION EXTRACT OF Acorus calamus L. (DLINGU) AND Allium sativum (GARLIC)
Authors: Isrianto Pramita Laksitarahmi , Tania Putu Oky Ari
Published: June 2019

One of the efforts to optimize the utilization of natural materials that is used them as medicinal plants, including Dlingu (Acorus calamus L.) and Garlic (Allium sativum) which have the potential as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a combination extract of Acorus calamus L. (Dlingu) and Allium sativum (Garlic) on antioxidant activity. This research is an experimental research which is the test of antioxidant content and antioxidant activity test with 5 series of concentrations and 4 times of repetition. The research materials, namely dlingu stem and single clove garlic tubers were extracted, phytochemical screening was carried out and then antiradical free IC50 was determined. Based on the test results of the chemical extract of dligu and single clove garlic, the highest content was alkaloid 5.16%, tannin 4.05%, saponin 3.01%, and flavonoid 2.18%. The test results of the chemical antioxidant activity of extracts dligu and single clove garlic contain IC50 values of 17.062 ppm, including a very strong class of antioxidants.Keywords: antioxidant, Dlingu, Single Clove (Male) Garlic.
The Potential of Sea Worm Perinereis aibuhitensis Extract as Anti-microbe toward Bacteria Salmonella typhi and Fungus Candida albicans
Authors: Erviani Andi Evi , Abdullah Asadi , Nurwahida Nurwahida , Tairas Febriany
Published: June 2019

The research about the potential of sea worm Perinereis aibuhitensis extract as anti-microbe toward bacteria Salmonella typhi and fungus Candida albicans had been conducted. The aim this research is to know the extract’s concentration of sea worm Perinereis aibuhitensis which is effective to obstruct the growth of bacteria Salmonella typhi and fungus Candida albicans. The result of research that was obtained shows that sea worm’s extract which used ethanol solution 96% and was needed in the culture of bacteria Salmonella typhi with the concentration of sea worm’s extract 7.5%, 15%, 30%, and 60% involved the form of obstruction zone at the medium with duration incubation 1x24 hours and 2x24 hours. Based on the research which was conducted, it can be concluded that the sea worm Perinereis aibuhitensis extract had the potential as anti-microbe toward bacteria Salmonella typhi  because can obstruct the growth of that bacteria, but it had no effect as anti-microbe toward fungus Candida albicans.
The Ability of Ferns to Accumulate Heavy Metals (Hg, Pb And Cd) In The Waters of The Gorontalo River
Authors: Iksan Muhamad , Katili Abubakar Sidik , Alim Agus , Sam Samritin , Aba La Aba
Published: June 2019

Sustainable  development  can be caused by more human’s activity. This activity, it will have an impact on the surrounding  environment  which  can  disrupt  the  stability  of  the  ecosystem,  one  of  which  is  the  river  water ecosystem.  The  research  aims  to  determine  the  ability  of  ferns  in  accumulating  heavy  metals  so  that  they  can  be  used  as  indicators  of  the  depletion  of  river  waters  ecosystem  environments  and  can  be  used  as  fitoremediant areas  of  waters  which  accumulate  heavy  metals.  This  research   is  descriptive  quantitative.  Retrieval  of  initial  data or  sample  in  this  study  used  survey  methods  and  random  sampling  techniques,  testing  samples by  using   the Ranger  X-ray  Flourenciece  (XRF)  method.  Based  on  the  results  of  the  study  that, ferns  can  accumulate  heavy metals,  the  parts  that  accumulate  are  located  below  the  root  surface  and  above  the  soil  surface,  namely stems and  leaves.  In  the  roots  have  more  amount  in  accumulating  heavy  metals  than  in  the  stem  and  leaves, this  is because  the  metal  is  indicated  on  the  soil.  From  these  results,  it  can  be  concluded  that  ferns  can  be used as water  purification  plants  in  river  ecosystems  that  are  indicated  by  heavy  metals.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL FISIKA SMA/MA KELAS X BERBASIS INKUIRI TERBIMBING PADA MATERI LISTRIK DINAMIS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA
Authors: Ariani Novi Dwi , Masykuri Mohammad , Suparmi Suparmi
Published: July 2019

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu belum digunakannya pembelajaran fisika berbasis inkuiri terbimbing untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui karakteristik penyusunan modul fisika SMA/MA kelas X berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi listrik dinamis, 2) mengetahui kelayakan modul fisika SMA/MA kelas X berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi listrik dinamis untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, 3) mengetahui efektivitas modul fisika SMA/MA kelas X berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi listrik dinamis untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian pengembangan (research and development) yang menggunakan model 4-D (define, design, develop and disseminate). Analisis data yang digunakan pada tahap define adalah analisis data deskriptif dari hasil wawancara dan analisis kebutuhan, pada tahap design dengan analisis SK dan KD yang digunakan sekolah, pada tahap develop untuk data hasil validasi modul dan data respon siswa dianalisis dengan menggunakan nilai cut off yang dikonversi menjadi kategori kualitas dengan pedoman skor skala 5, data kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dihitung dengan n-gain dan pada tahap disseminate menggunakan nilai cut off yang dikonversi menjadi kategori kualitas dengan pedoman skor skala 5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) karakteristik modul fisika SMA kelas X yaitu: self instructional, self contained, stand alone, adaptive, user friendly yang dikembangkan dengan berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi listrik dinamis dan diintegrasikan dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis pada setiap tahapnya; 2) kelayakan modul fisika SMA kelas X berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi listrik dinamis oleh ahli materi, media, bahasa, dan teman sejawat diperoleh nilai rata-rata persentase sebesar 81,27% lebih besar dari nilai cut off yaitu 81,17% sehingga modul dapat dikategorikan “layak”; 3) efektivitas modul fisika SMA kelas X berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi listrik dinamis efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa didapat dari perhitungan n-gain hasil belajar siswa dengan nilai 0,47 dalam kategori “sedang” dan ditunjukkan dengan hasil belajar siswa yang memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimum (KKM).
THE LEARNING MEDIA DEVELOPMENT MODULE OF TECHNICAL IMAGES BASED ON CYCLE 5E LEARNING APPROACH
Authors: Astuti Indriana Yuni , Widiastuti Indah , Basori Basori
Published: July 2019

This research analysist engineering drawing module that developed based on Learning Cycle 5E approach includes engagement, exploration, elaboration, evaluation and adapted to the Competency Standards and Basic Competencies of Curriculum 2013. Learning Cycle 5E was chosen as a development model because it is considered in line with the Curriculum 2013. The objective of this research are : (1) Developing a learning media Drawing Technique in the form of module based on learning cycle approach 5E as supporting technical drawings subjects in SMK. (2) Doing fesibility analysis developing a learning media drawings technique in the form of module based on learning cycle approach 5E as supporting technical drawings subjects in SMK based on material assesment, media, and teacher's subjects.

Developing a learning media module drawing technique based on learning cycle approach 5E refer to developing 4D thiagarajan model. Developing 4D model consists of 4 main steps: define, design, development, and disseminate. Because there are some reason, this developing research is limited to development steps. While for the disseminate is doing with the questionnaire of teacher responses.

The results of this research are: (1) A Learning Cycle 5E Engineering Drawing Module developed on the basic competence of the size tags and layout of image size, sign recognition and the location of the cut image, the introduction and application of the cut image type. (2) Feasibility study engineering drawings Module media-based Learning Cycle 5E Approach derived from the results of the expert assessment of the material and media experts. The result of the expert assessment of the material obtain an average percentage 87.5% it is included on the criterion of "very good". The results of the assessment of the experts the media earn the average percentage of 88.006% and included on the criterion of "very good", and now from the responses the teacher obtained the mean percentage of 91.67%, it is included in the criteria of "very good".

 
THE EFFECT OF ETHANOL ADDITION ON VEHICLE FUEL CONSUMPTION IN ECONOMIC TERMS - A REVIEW
Authors: Muhsin Muhsin
Published: July 2019

The technological development of the automotive sector is increasing, every year there is an increase in the production of motor vehicles in Indonesia. The increase in motorized vehicles will certainly have an impact on the use of fuel oil which is also increasing. Though fuel oil is a non-renewable fossil fuel, so that continuous use can lead to scarcity of fossil fuels someday. In addition to causing scarcity of fossil fuels, the increasing number of vehicles will also cause the surrounding environment to be increasingly polluted by the exhaust emissions from the combustion process of the motorized vehicles. Various alternatives are used as a mixture of fuels to reduce fuel consumption and vehicle exhaust emissions, such as ethanol, hydrogen, butanol, biodiesel, methanol etc. The purpose of this literacy study was to determine the effect of using ethanol on fuel consumption and its economic value. Based on the results of a study of literacy is known that the addition of ethanol does reduce the level of fuel consumption, However, if viewed from an economic perspective, the addition of ethanol has actually caused the purchase price of fuel to increase, this will certainly hinder the growth of the desire to use ethanol as an alternative source of fuel substitute by the people of Indonesia.
TRADISI KHATAMAN Al-QUR’AN VIA WHATSAPP Studi Kasus Anak-Cucu Mbah Ibrahim al-Ghazali Ponorogo Jawa Timur
Authors: Fauzi Moh Hasan
Published: July 2019

Abstract: This article is intended to describe the tradition of reciting Al-Qur'an through whatsapp. The writer discussed how the Muslim responds to social media especially whatsapp, then, how the acceptance of the Qur'an is highlighted. Whatsaap changed the concept of reciting al-Qur'an from offline to online. The writer assumes that the existence of these activities can encourage anyone to recite Al Qur’an and strengthen togetherness. It implies that Qur'an has a function as an informative as well as a performative aspect. The significance of social media through Whatsaap in reciting Al-Qur'an tradition, model, results from that tradition is to get a reward from Allah. This study employed phenomenological approach. The findings showed that reciting Al-Qur'an through whatsapp motivated people to read the Qur'an and foster togetherness. Further, the presence of contestations from several families is arisen in this new tradition.الملخص: يحاول هذا المقال وصف عادة ختم القرآن بوسائل الاتصال الاجتماعي (whatsapp). أولاً، سيشرح الباحث كيفية استجابة العالم الإسلامي لوسائل الاتصال الاجتماعي (whatsapp). التالي سوف يشرح كيفية استقبال القرآن. غيّر Whatsaap ختم القرآن من دون اتصال بالإنترنت إلى عبر الإنترنت. يفترض الباحث أن هذه الأنشطة تشجع شخصًا على قراءة القرآن وتقوية صلة الرحم بوجود الاجتماع كل ثلاثة أشهر. هذا يعني أن القرآن ليس له جانب إعلامي فحسب، بل له جانب أداء. ما هي أهمية وسائل الاتصال الاجتماعي (whatsaap) من عادة ختم القرآن؟ كيف نموذج عادة ختم القرآن عبر Whatsaap؟ وما انتاج ختم القرآن بجانب الحصول على الثواب من الله؟ في هذه الدراسة، استخدم الباحث المنهج الظواهري. وجد الباحث أن شخصًا يديم قراءة القرآن ويتولد منه صلة الرحم. هناك مسابقات من عدة عائلات لأن ليس كل العائلات تشارك في هذه العادة الجديدة.Abstrak: Artikel ini ingin berusaha mendeskripsikan bagaimana tradisi khataman al-Qur’an dengan media sosial yaitu whatsapp. Untuk itu, pertama, penulis akan menjelaskan bagaimana dunia muslim merespon media sosial (whatsapp). Selanjutnya akan menjelaskan bagaimana resepsi (penerimaan) terhadap al-Qur’an. Whatsaap merubah khataman al-Qur’an dari offline ke online.  Penulis berasumsi dengan adanya kegiatan tersebut bisa mendorong seseorang untuk selalu membaca al-Qur’an dan bisa mempererat sillaturahmi dengan fakta lapangan adanya pertemuan setiap 3 bulan sekali. Di sini berarti al-Qur’an itu tidak hanya punya sisi informatif tapi juga sisi performatif. Apa signifikansi media sosial (whatsaap) dari tradisi khataman al-Qur’an. Bagaimana model tradisi khataman al-Qur’an via whatsapp. Apa  yang dihasilkan dari tradisi tersebut selain mendapat pahala dari Allah. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Penulis menemukan seseorang terdorong untuk selalu membaca al-Qur’an dan terciptanya silaturahmi. Ada kontestasi dari beberapa keluarga karena tak semua keluarga berpartisipasi dalam tradisi yang baru ini.
Nursing students’ knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy in blended e-learning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Moon Hyunjung , Hyun Hye Sun
Published: July 2019

Background: Although various forms of online education are on the rise worldwide, effects of such innovative approach are yet to be validated. This study analyzes whether blended e-learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education that integrates e-learning and face-to-face education is effective in improving nursing students’ knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy.
Methods: The participants of this study were 120 nursing students randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 60) or the control (n = 60). Differences before and after the education of each group were analyzed with a paired t-test, and the differences between the two groups were analyzed with ANCOVA with knowledge as the covariate.
Results: The findings indicated that the intervention group had significantly higher knowledge, F(1,117) =595.78, p <.001, and emotional attitude, F(1,117) = 9.61, p = .002, about CPR than the control group.
Conclusions: Blended e-learning CPR programs could be used as effective supplemental CPR education for nursing students.
Caring for a Chronically Ill Child While Employed: A cross sectional study on the impact on the quality of life of Jordanian mothers
Authors: Gharaibeh Huda , Gharaibeh Muntaha
Published: July 2019

1. Abstract

Background: The quality of life of working women who cares for a child with chronic illness is of interest to families and health care professionals, as balancing work-life and routines of daily life gets complex when a child is chronically ill. The purpose of the study was to examine the QOL of working and non-working mothers caring for children with a chronic illness in Jordan.
Results: Data from 164 mothers who cared for children with chronic illness were collected between November 2015 and April 2016 for this descriptive comparative cross sectional study
using The World Health Organization Quality of Life – BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) tool and examined the physical, psychological, social relationships, and environment domains of their quality of life. The quality of life of working mothers was significantly lower than those of non-working mothers on all domains of WHOQOL-BREF. Mother’s working status, monthly income, evaluation of their own health explained 41% of the variance; adjusted R2 was 0.41, F= (22.17, 157), P <0.0001
Conclusions: Social, family and employer support may help mothers overcome the challenges of caring for a child with a chronic illness and maintain good QOL.
Key words: Quality of life, mothers, chronic illness, children
Effects of Depression, Dementia and Delirium on Activities of Daily Living in Elderly Patients after Discharge
Authors: Weng Ching Fu , Lin Kun-Pei , Lu Feng-Ping , Chen Jen-Hau , Wen Chiung-Jung , Peng Jui-Hua , Tseng Ailun Heather , Chan Ding-Cheng
Published: July 2019

Background

The three geriatric conditions, depression, dementia and delirium (3D’s), are common among hospitalized older patients and often lead to impairments of activities of daily living. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of depression, dementia and delirium on activities of daily living (ADLs) during and after hospitalization.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted between 2012 and 2013 in a tertiary medical center in Taiwan. Patients aged 65 years and older admitted to the geriatric ward were invited to this study. Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form, Mini-Mental State and Confusion Assessment Method were used to identify patients with depression, dementia and delirium on admission, respectively. Barthel Index (BI) was used to evaluate patients’ functional status on admission, at discharge, 30-day, 90-day and 180-day after discharge. Generalized Estimating Equation was used to calculate the associations between 3 D’s and BI.

Results

One-hundred-and-forty-nine patients were included in this study. Twenty-seven patients (18.1%) had depression, 37 (24.8%) had dementia, and 85 (57.0%) had delirium. There were significant lower BI scores in patients with dementia and delirium compared with those without up to 180 days after discharge, but no difference was seen in the depression group. In general, patients had delirium or dementia had worsening functional status, even though significant magnitude of improvements on BI scores after discharge.

Conclusions

Depression does not affect patients’ ADLs. On the other hand, dementia and delirium can persistently limit patients’ physical function. Future care should focus more on dementia and delirium to restore function.
Improving surgical outcomes in advanced ovarian cancer: a UK centre quality improvement strategy
Authors: May James , Congiu Mario , Fegan Scott , Ghaoui Nidal , Anderson David , Collie Mhairi , Rye Tzyvia , Gourley Charlie , Martin Cameron W
Published: July 2019

Purpose

National outcomes for epithelial ovarian cancer in the UK are inferior to those in other European countries. This study aimed to assess the impact of a multidisciplinary approach to cytoreductive surgery on residual disease status and progression free survival in a single UK region.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing surgery for stage III/IV epithelial ovarian cancer between November 2011 and November 2015 in South East Scotland were analysed. Regular multidisciplinary surgery was established on 1st November 2013. Outcomes for patients diagnosed in the two years prior to (group 1) and following this change (group 2) in practice were examined.

Results

224 consecutive patients underwent surgery. There was no difference between groups in terms of age, FIGO stage or histological subtype. Patients in group 2 were more likely to undergo primary surgery (p=0.01) and bowel resection (p=0.002). Rates of optimal cytoreduction were not significantly different between group 1(69.6%) and group 2 (66.1%) (p=0.67). The upper abdomen was the most common site of residual disease. No difference in PFS (median PFS; 15.5 vs. 14.0 months, p=0.13), morbidity (p=0.82) or mortality (p=1.00) was identified. PFS was improved in those patients undergoing primary surgery compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.04).

Conclusion

Robust quality improvement strategies are required to overcome historic barriers to cytoreductive surgery in the UK. Comprehensive attempts at debulking in the upper abdomen are required if rates of complete cytoreduction are to be improved. We have extended the multidisciplinary model in our institution to include upper abdominal surgery and anticipate an improvement in cytoreduction.
Policies and programs for the prevention of gastrointestinal cancers in Iran: a document analysis
Authors: Kabiri Neda , Khodayari-zarnaq Rahim , Khoshbaten Manouchehr , Jannati Ali
Published: July 2019

Background

Considering the importance of gastrointestinal cancers and their high prevalence in Iran, the analysis of national and local programs and policies are of high importance. The current document review was conducted to assess policies and programs related to the prevention of colon, stomach, liver, esophageal and pancreas cancers in Iran.

Methods

This paper used 'policy triangle' as a framework to analyze documents related to gastrointestinal cancer prevention in Iran. We searched PubMed and SCOPUS, as well as web pages of Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME), all Medical Sciences Universities, and some related research centers. Documents were analyzed using MAXQDA 10 software.

Results

Three documents, one guideline, 16 national meeting reports, and 11 articles were found containing or describing interventions directed at the prevention of gastrointestinal cancers in Iran. Also, a large amount of news was obtained from the searched web pages. Findings of this paper are organized based on the four aspects of health policy triangle including content, context, process, and actors. Health affairs of MOHME developed a plan, called 'Iran Package of Essential Non-communicable Disease’ (IraPEN), for preventing three common cancers namely colorectal, breast, and cervix in 2015. The contextual factors affecting prevalence and incidence of gastrointestinal cancers in this country included economic, social, and cultural. Regarding high prevalence and incidence of gastrointestinal cancers in Iran, prevention programs have been developed in this country since 2012 and have been implemented in some areas. However, these programs don’t have any evaluation phase within them. The most effective actor in preventing these cancers in Iran is MOHME.

Conclusions

Considering the interventions conducted to prevent gastrointestinal cancers in the country, the prevalence and incidence of these cancers have not been diminished. This issue needs care of policy makers in health and other sectors to design and implement policies and strategies in order to prevent these cancers at the primary level. Also, non-governmental organizations might be attracted to provide financial support.