bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sandwich-Structured Flexible PVA/CS@MWCNTs Composite Films with High Thermal Conductivity and Excellent Electrical Insulation
Authors: Luo Fanghua , Ma Chen , Tang Yuhui , Zhou Lintao , Ding Youpeng , Chen Guohua
Published: June 2022

High thermal conductivity polymer matrix composites have become an urgent need for the thermal management of modern electronic devices. However, increasing the thermal conductivity of polymer-based composites typically results in loss of lightweight, flexibility and electrical insulation. Herein, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/PVA-chitosan-adsorbed multi-walled carbon nanotubes/PVA (PVA/CS@MWCNTs) composite films with a sandwich structure were designed and fabricated by a self-construction strategy inspired by the surface film formation of milk. The obtained film simultaneously possesses high thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, and excellent flexibility. In this particular structure, the uniform intermediate layer of PVA-CS@MWCNTs contributed to improving the thermal conductivity of composite films, and the PVA distributed on both sides of the sandwich structure maintains the electrical insulation of the films (superior electrical resistivity above 1012 Ω·cm). It has been demonstrated that the fillers could be arranged in a horizontal direction during the scraping process. Thus, the obtained composite film exhibited high in-plane thermal conductivity of 5.312 W·m−1·K−1 at fairly low MWCNTs loading of 5 wt%, which increased by about 1190% compared with pure PVA (0.412 W·m−1·K−1). This work effectively realizes the combination of high thermal conductivity and excellent electrical insulation, which could greatly expand the application of polymer-based composite films in the area of thermal management.
Strain Optimization of Tensioned Web through Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Roll-to-Roll Drying Process
Authors: Jo Minho , Noh Jaehyun , Cho Gyoujin , Lee Taik-min , Oh Bukuk , Nam Sanghoon , Lee Changwoo
Published: June 2022

Unpredictable web temperature distributions in the dryer and strain deviations in the cross-machine (CMD) and machine (MD) directions could hamper the manufacture of smooth functional layers on polymer-based webs through the roll-to-roll (R2R) continuous process system. However, research on this topic is limited. In this study, we developed a structural analysis model using the temperature distribution of the web as a boundary condition to analyze the drying mechanism of the dryer used in an R2R system. Based on the results of this model, we then applied structural modifications to the flow channel and hole density of the aluminum plate of the dryer. The model successfully predicted the temperature and strain distributions of the web inside the dryer in the CMD and MD by forming a tension according to the speed difference of the driven rolls at both ends of the span. Our structural improvements significantly reduced the temperature deviation of the moving web inside the dryer by up to 74% and decreased the strain deviation by up to 46%. The findings can help prevent web unevenness during the drying process of the R2R system, which is essential to minimize the formation of defects on functional layers built over polymer-based webs.
Bioremediation of Soil from Petroleum Contamination
Authors: Stepanova Anna Yurievna , Gladkov Evgeny Aleksandrovich , Osipova Ekaterina Sergeevna , Gladkova Olga Victorovna , Tereshonok Dmitry Viktorovich
Published: June 2022

Petroleum is the most common global fossil fuel. It is a complex multi-component system mainly composed of various hydrocarbons such as alkanes, cycloalkanes, mono-, bi- and polyaromatic compounds, resins and asphaltenes. In spite of humanity’s need for petroleum, it negatively affects the environment due to its toxicity. The ecological problem is especially serious at petroleum mining sites or during petroleum transportation. Since it is not possible to replace petroleum with less toxic fuel, ways to reduce the toxic impact of petroleum hydrocarbons on the environment need to be developed. This review addresses bioremediation, a biological approach to petroleum degradation, which is mainly performed by microbes. The pathways of degradation of alkanes, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons are presented in detail. The effects of temperature, aeration and the presence of biogenic elements on microbial degradation of petroleum are discussed. Plant–microbe interactions involved with the bioremediation of petroleum-polluted soils are specifically addressed. The data presented in this review point to the great potential of bioremediation practices for cleaning soils of petroleum.
Immobilization of an Industrial β-Glucosidase from Aspergillus fumigatus and Its Use for Cellobiose Hydrolysis
Authors: Yepes Clara , Estévez Juliana , Arroyo Miguel , Ladero Miguel
Published: June 2022

In this study, several covalent methods of immobilization based on acrylic supports, Schiff bases and epoxides have been applied to a commercial cocktail with a high β-glucosidase activity secreted by Aspergillus fumigatus. This cocktail was preliminary compared to a commercial secretome of Aspergillus niger, which was also subjected to the aforementioned immobilization methods. Due to its higher activity, the cocktail from A. fumigatus immobilized on ReliZyme™ HA403 activated with glutaraldehyde was employed for pNPG and cellobiose hydrolysis in diverse operational conditions and at diverse enzyme loadings, showing a very high activity at high enzyme load. A kinetic model based on the Michaelis–Menten hypothesis, in which double inhibition occurs due to glucose, has been selected upon fitting it to all experimentally retrieved data with the lowest-activity immobilized enzyme. This model was compared to the one previously established for the free form of the enzyme, observing that cellobiose acompetitive inhibition does not exist with the immobilized enzyme acting as the biocatalyst. In addition, stability studies indicated that the immobilized enzyme intrinsically behaves as the free enzyme, as expected for a one-bond low-interaction protein-support immobilization.
Predicting the Effect of Mo Addition on Metastable Phase Equilibria and Diffusion Path of Fe in NiAl Laser-Clad Coatings Using First-Principle Calculations and CALPHAD Simulations
Authors: Lin Chun-Ming
Published: June 2022

This study used first-principle calculations and CALPHAD simulations to investigate the effects of adding Mo to NiAl laser-clad coatings in terms of metastable phase equilibria and Fe diffusion path with a focus on thermodynamic phase stability and element diffusion behavior. First-principle calculations were performed using 3 × 3 × 3 supercells to determine the formation energies of NiAl and Mo-rich phases within a Mo-doped NiAl cladding layer. The findings of this analysis are consistent with the d-orbital energy and bond order results obtained using DV-Xa molecular orbital calculations and phase diagrams obtained using Thermo-Calc simulations. The results also revealed that the substitution of Ni and Al atoms for Fe and Mo in the NiAl matrix decreased the stability of the B2 structure, thereby reducing phase formation energy. DICTRA simulations were also performed to characterize the diffusion behavior of Fe from the substrate to the surface of the coating. This analysis revealed that the rate of Fe diffusion was slower in the Mo phase than in the NiAl phase. Furthermore, the rate of Fe diffusion in molten material was inversely proportional to the Mo content. These results are consistent with the substitution mechanism used to describe diffusion, wherein diffusivity is inversely proportional to Mo content, due to its high melting point and the fact that un-paired electrons in the outer shell of Mo atoms increase the bonding strength, thereby hindering the diffusion of Fe. Due to the high cooling rates involved in the laser-cladding process, DICTRA simulations tend to overestimate the Fe diffusion distance. Nonetheless, the theoretical results obtained in this study were in good agreement with experiment observations (EPMA line scans). These results confirm the feasibility of using quantum modeling techniques and first-principle calculations to predict the effects of Mo addition on phase formation and element diffusion behavior in the NiAl laser-cladding process.
Shirley Caesar and the Politics of Validating Sexual Agency
Authors: Nelson Angela Marie
Published: June 2022

Black gospelwoman and pastor Shirley Ann Caesar Williams, better known as “Shirley Caesar” to her listeners over the last several decades, entered a professionalization phase of her ministry and career from 1958 to 1966 when she joined and performed with The Caravans. Being a Caravan member brought with it the possibility of being in compromising situations while on the road, which would expose Caesar—a Black woman—to the possibility of sexual (and racial) violence. Caesar’s first night as a Caravan in 1958 provided such a circumstance, a failed sexual advance that she describes in Chapter 5, “On the Road with the Caravans”, of her 1998 autobiography, The Lady, the Melody, and the Word. Caesar’s identities (Black, woman, Christian, chaste) intersecting with a potential sexual advance and her reaction to it is fodder for the reinforcement of Black male authority, power, privilege, and dominance in the Black Sanctified Church as well as the assertion of sexual agency. Today Caesar continues to shape her complex public identity born out of a set of negotiations embracing and challenging specific gendered, racial, sexual, and religious norms, the conditions of Black and white mobility, and patterns of religious authority. However, for her, religious authority remains paramount.
Will a Geopolitical Conflict Accelerate Energy Transition in Oil-Importing Countries? A Case Study of the Philippines from a Real Options Perspective
Authors: Agaton Casper Boongaling
Published: June 2022

Geopolitical conflicts, involving a major player in the world market, affect the prices of oil and commodities, particularly in oil-importing countries. Consequently, the unprecedented changes in oil prices impact investments in energy transition projects. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of investment decisions in energy transition under uncertainties in geopolitical risks. This research applies the Black-Scholes-based real options valuation to value the flexibility in postponing energy transition investments considering the repercussions of the Russia-Ukraine war. Applying the proposed model to the case of the Philippines, the valuation result with a net present value of USD 231 million for a 1 GW capacity shows that energy transition is a viable project when the cost savings from using fossil fuels to renewables are considered. On the other hand, real options valuation finds a higher flexibility value of USD 990 million, which implies a better decision to postpone the project. The uncertainty in geopolitical conflicts further increases this value causing a longer waiting period to implement the energy transition project. Sensitivity analysis shows that the results are robust to changes in the explanatory variables. Results provide policy implications on making an oil-importing country energy self-sufficient and robust from economic and geopolitical shocks.
Improving WRF-Fire Wildfire Simulation Accuracy Using SAR and Time Series of Satellite-Based Vegetation Indices
Authors: Michael Yaron , Kozokaro Gilad , Brenner Steve , Lensky Itamar M.
Published: June 2022

Wildfire simulations depend on fuel representation. Present fuel models are mainly based on the density and properties of different vegetation types. This study aims to improve the accuracy of WRF-Fire wildfire simulations, by using synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) data to estimate the fuel load and the trend of vegetation index to estimate the dryness of woody vegetation. We updated the chaparral and timber standard woody fuel classes in the WRF-Fire fuel settings. We used the ESA global above-ground biomass (AGB) based on SAR data to estimate the fuel load, and the Landsat normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) trends of woody vegetation to estimate the fuel moisture content. These fuel sub-parameters represent the dynamic changes and spatial variability of woody fuel. We simulated two wildfires in Israel while using three different fuel models: the original 13 Anderson Fire Behavior fuel model, and two modified fuel models introducing AGB alone, and AGB and dryness. The updated fuel model (the basic fuel model plus the AGB and dryness) improved the simulation results significantly, i.e., the Jaccard similarity coefficient increased by 283% on average. Our results demonstrate the potential of combining satellite SAR data and Landsat NDVI trends to improve WRF-Fire wildfire simulations.
Risk Assessment of Debris Flow in a Mountain-Basin Area, Western China
Authors: Zhou Yanyan , Yue Dongxia , Liang Geng , Li Shuangying , Zhao Yan , Chao Zengzu , Meng Xingmin
Published: June 2022

Debris flow risk comprehensively reflects the natural and social properties of debris flow disasters and is composed of the risk of the disaster-causing body and the vulnerability of the carrier. The Bailong River Basin (BRB) is a typical mountainous environment where regional debris flow disasters occur frequently, seriously threatening the lives of residents, infrastructure, and regional ecological security. However, there are few studies on the risk assessment of mountainous debris flow disasters in the BRB. By considering a complete catchment, based on remote sensing and GIS methods, we selected 17 influencing factors, such as area, average slope, lithology, NPP, average annual precipitation, landslide density, river density, fault density, etc. and applied a machine learning algorithm to establish a hazard assessment model. The analysis shows that the Extra Trees model is the most effective for debris flow hazard assessments, with an accuracy rate of 88%. Based on socio-economic data and debris flow disaster survey data, we established a vulnerability assessment model by applying the Contributing Weight Superposition method. We used the product of debris flow hazard and vulnerability to construct a debris flow risk assessment model. The catchments at a very high-risk were distributed mainly in the urban area of Wudu District and the northern part of Tanchang County, that is, areas with relatively dense economic activities and a high disaster frequency. These findings indicate that the assessment results provide scientific support for planning measures to prevent or reduce debris flow hazards. The proposed assessment methods can also be used to provide relevant guidance for a regional risk assessment of debris flows in the BRB and other regions.
A Dual-Generator Translation Network Fusing Texture and Structure Features for SAR and Optical Image Matching
Authors: Nie Han , Fu Zhitao , Tang Bo-Hui , Li Ziqian , Chen Sijing , Wang Leiguang
Published: June 2022

The matching problem for heterologous remote sensing images can be simplified to the matching problem for pseudo homologous remote sensing images via image translation to improve the matching performance. Among such applications, the translation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical images is the current focus of research. However, the existing methods for SAR-to-optical translation have two main drawbacks. First, single generators usually sacrifice either structure or texture features to balance the model performance and complexity, which often results in textural or structural distortion; second, due to large nonlinear radiation distortions (NRDs) in SAR images, there are still visual differences between the pseudo-optical images generated by current generative adversarial networks (GANs) and real optical images. Therefore, we propose a dual-generator translation network for fusing structure and texture features. On the one hand, the proposed network has dual generators, a texture generator, and a structure generator, with good cross-coupling to obtain high-accuracy structure and texture features; on the other hand, frequency-domain and spatial-domain loss functions are introduced to reduce the differences between pseudo-optical images and real optical images. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on publicly available optical and SAR datasets. Our method improves the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) by 21.0%, the chromatic feature similarity (FSIMc) by 6.9%, and the structural similarity (SSIM) by 161.7% in terms of the average metric values on all test images compared with the next best results. In addition, we present a before-and-after translation comparison experiment to show that our method improves the average keypoint repeatability by approximately 111.7% and the matching accuracy by approximately 5.25%.
On-Orbit Calibration for Spaceborne Line Array Camera and LiDAR
Authors: Xu Xiangpeng , Zhuge Sheng , Guan Banglei , Lin Bin , Gan Shuwei , Yang Xia , Zhang Xiaohu
Published: June 2022

For a multi-mode Earth observation satellite carrying a line array camera and a multi-beam line array LiDAR, the relative installation attitude of the two sensors is of great significance. In this paper, we propose an on-orbit calibration method for the relative installation attitude of the camera and the LiDAR with no need for the calibration field and additional satellite attitude maneuvers. Firstly, the on-orbit joint calibration model of the relative installation attitude of the two sensors is established. However, there may exist a multi-solution problem in the solving of the above model constrained by non-ground control points. Thus, an alternate iterative method by solving the pseudo-absolute attitude matrix of each sensor in turn is proposed. The numerical validation and simulation experiments results show that the relative positioning error of the line array camera and the LiDAR in the horizontal direction of the ground can be limited to 0.8 m after correction by the method in this paper.
Evolution of land use forms in post-soviet Russia
Authors:   State University of Land Management, Moscow, Lipski S.A.
Published: June 2022

The article examines how the system of land rights is changing and how implemented in 2015 opportunity to use land plots on the basis of permits without the procedure of land provision is realizing in the country. The paper gives the examples of judicial practice and bylaws detailing this possibility, and also pays special attention to the use of this institute for the garage amnesty. The author concludes that attractiveness of the procedure will be determined by subsequent decisions of regional and local authorities.
GIS information structure for real estate cadastral valuation
Authors:   Kuban State Technological University, Krasnodar, Osennyaya A.V. , Gribkova I.S. ,   Kuban State Technological University, Krasnodar, Kolomytsev A.A. ,   Kuban State Technological University, Krasnodar, Kiryunikova N.M. ,   Kuban State Technological University, Krasnodar
Published: June 2022

Currently, one of the country's most valuable resources is real estate. Real estate has a special economic and social status; that’s why the legislators of various countries impose special requirements for the registration of real estate transactions. On the basis of the documents on the completed transaction, the transfer of ownership is made by making changes to the real estate register. This article describes the procedure of cadastral valuation and using geoinformation systems in the process of such valuation. The authors note the importance of cadastral valuation for the country's economy. For a deeper understanding, the stages of this procedure as well as advantages and disadvantages of the existing software package are investigated here. The authors also propose the information structure of the geoinformation system, which will be used to determine the cadastral value of the assessed object.
The issues of legal practice in the field of protection of property rights
Authors:   State University of Land Management, Moscow, Popova E.S.
Published: June 2022

The article is about the modern issues in the legal practice concerning protection of property rights, which is currently an urgent topic in legal science, since the importance of human rights and freedoms can hardly be overestimated. The author analyzes the current civil legislation, the existing arbitrage practice and the opinions of scientists considering this and related issues, after that formulates some theses for general understanding of this field. At the end of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to eliminate a number of gaps in the legislation on the protection of property rights.
The scientific use of topographic maps
Authors:   State University of Land Management, Moscow, Lebedev P.P.
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the problem of an unused scientific resource of topographic maps. For resolve this issue, the methodological research has been carried out and the ways and means of solution have been proposed in this paper.
Research of spawning grounds sterlet Acipenser ruthenus in rivers of Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Omsk regions
Authors:   Ichthyology Laboratory, Novosibirsk Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Novosibirsk, Zaitsev Vladimir Fedorovich , Balatsky Pavel Sergeevich ,   Ichthyology Laboratory, Novosibirsk Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Vizer Alexander Mikhailovich ,   Ichthyology Laboratory, Novosibirsk Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Dorogin Mikhail Andreevich ,   Ichthyology Laboratory, Novosibirsk Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Interesova Elena Alexandrovna ,   Ichthyology Laboratory, Novosibirsk Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Shipovalov Leonid Alexandrovich ,   Ichthyology Laboratory, Novosibirsk Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography
Published: June 2022

Data on potential spawning grounds of the sterlet Acipenser ruthenus in the south of Western Siberia, in the Ob and Irtysh rivers (within Novosibirsk, Tomsk, and Omsk regions) are presented. There are 12 sites potentially suitable for natural reproduction of sterlet over a considerable length of the Ob, from 708 to 1135 km according to the Pilotage Map (PM). On 5 of them (in the area of the village Pochta, 761–759 km of the PM; Uspenka 782 km of the PM; Kireevsk 913.5–924 km of the PM; Oskino 937.5–950 km of the PM; the mouth of the Tom River 985–998 km PM) sterlet spawning was noted by the presence of early juveniles and (or) the presence of spawning growers. The total area of sites suitable for the natural reproduction of sterlet was 32.11 km². There are 14 sites potentially suitable for natural reproduction of sterlet over a considerable length of the Irtysh, from 2026 to 1310 km according to the PM. Their total area is 2.39 km². Identified areas in the Ob and Irtysh is characterized mainly by pebble soils (less often — sandy-pebble or rocky) and significant depths, from 3 to 16 m at the time of the survey. Thus, in the Ob and Irtysh despite hydroconstruction, extraction of sand-gravel mixture and other anthropogenic impact on the habitat, the conditions for the natural reproduction of sterlet have been preserved. The data obtained will serve as the basis for developing plans for the protection of sterlet in the region and making proposals for changes to the Fishing Rules for the West Siberian.
Reintroduction as a method of restoring valuable rare fish species in the reservoirs of Kazakhstan: state and prospects
Authors:   Limited Liability Partnership “Scientific and Production Center of Fisheries”, Northern branch,Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan, Kirichenko Olga Ivanovna , Asylbekova Saule Zhangirovna ,   Limited Liability Partnership “Scientific and Production Center of Fisheries”, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty
Published: June 2022

A brief assessment of the current state of the populations of valuable native fish of the reservoirs of Kazakhstan — Siberian sturgeon of the Irtysh basin, Aral thorn and barbel of the Aral-Syrdarya and Balkhash-Alakol basins, sterlet of the Ural-Caspian basin is presented. Populations of these species, as a result of the influence of anthropogenic factors, have come to almost complete degradation and depletion and need to develop and take urgent measures to preserve and restore them through reintroduction, which is a priority and urgent task for the republic’s fisheries. The prospects of preserving the biological diversity of reservoirs are assessed and the necessity and validity of measures for the reintroduction of endangered fish species are shown, its directions in modern environmental conditions, the sequence and content of individual stages are determined. The conducted research allows us to develop a set of measures for the restoration of populations of oppressed and endangered rare fish species, which includes collecting information on the state of populations of valuable rare fish, determining the optimal number of producers in order to remove them from the natural environment for the formation of repair and breeding herds, working out the biotechnology of their artificial breeding, calculating the required volume of young — the recipient. To ensure the positive effect of fish reintroduction, measures to enrich the feed base by acclimatization of highly productive forage organisms are justified. The implementation of the project will preserve and restore species diversity, qualitatively improve the composition of the ichthyofauna of reservoirs, as well as preserve the genetic potential of natural populations of these species.
Risk factors of incisional hernia at the umbilical specimen extraction site in patients with laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Hiraki Masatsugu , Tanaka Toshiya , Azama Shinya , Sadashima Eiji , Sato Hirofumi , Miyake Shuusuke , Kitahara Kenji
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Incisional hernia (IH) is a frequent complication following laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The present study investigated the risk factors for IH after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 202 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the clinicopathological factors associated with IH.Results: The overall incidence of IH was 25.7% (52 of 202). The univariate analysis showed that female sex (P=0.004), a high body mass index (P<0.001), noncurrent smoking habit (P=0.043), low level of hemoglobin (P=0.035), high subcutaneous fat area (P<0.001), high visceral fat area (P=0.006), low skeletal muscle area (P=0.001), long distance between the inner edges of the rectus abdominis muscle (P=0.001), long protrusion of the peritoneum at the umbilical site (P<0.001), and lymph node metastasis (P=0.007) were significantly more frequent in the group with IH than in the group without it. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed an older age (10-year increments: odds ratio [OR], 1.576; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.027–2.419; P=0.037), lymph node metastasis (OR, 2.384; 95% CI, 1.132–5.018; P=0.022) and lengthy protrusion of the peritoneum at the umbilical site (10-mm increments: OR, 5.555; 95% CI, 3.058–10.091; P<0.001) were independent risk factors for IH.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that older age, lymph node metastasis, and lengthy protrusion of the peritoneum at the umbilical site are risk factors for IH after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer. An assessment using these factors before the operation and the implementation of countermeasures might help prevent IH.
Long-term, high-dose opioid prescription for chronic non-cancer pain in primary care: an observational study
Authors: Bailey John , Gill Simon , Poole Rob
Published: June 2022

Background

Opioid prescriptions for chronic pain have risen sharply over the last 25 years; harms associated with these drugs are related to dose and length of use.

Aim

The main aim of this study was to identify patients prescribed long-term, high-dose (LTHD) opioids in the community and to assess the prevalence of such use.

Design & setting

An observational study of opioid prescribing in two demographically dissimilar GP practices in North Wales, UK.

Method

Details of opioid prescriptions were collected for 22 841 patients, of whom 1488 (6.5%) were being prescribed opioids on the census date. Exhaustive examination of the data identified all patients who were prescribed oral morphine equivalent doses of ≥120 mg/day for ≥1 year.

Results

All these patients were being prescribed ≥120 mg/day, as a single drug, morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, or buprenorphine, irrespective of opioid polypharmacy. Across both practices, 1.71/1000 patients were identified as LTHD users of opioid medication for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). Prevalence was similar in the two practices. Repetition of the process until January 2021 showed no change in the pattern.

Conclusion

This study offers confirmation that a significant group of patients are prescribed long-term opioid medication for chronic pain at doses that are unlikely to be effective in reducing pain, but are likely to have harmful consequences. The findings offer a simple, reliable, and practical method of data extraction to identify these patients individually from routinely collected prescribing data, which will help in monitoring and treating individuals and establishing the problem prevalence.
A novel digital rectoscope for the triage of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in primary care: a prospective multicentre feasibility study
Authors: Lewis James , Askari Alan , Mehta Arihant , Razak Yasmin , Patel Prash , Misra Ravi , Tilney Henry , Ahmed Tanveer , Ahmed Mooyad , Syeed Adnan , Camilleri-Brennan John , Nicholls Ralph John , Kinross James Macalister
Published: June 2022

Background

Access to community rectoscopy might help to ease the burden on hospital services and reduce costs for the NHS. To assess this, a prospective multicentre observational phase I feasibility study of a novel digital rectoscope and telestration software for the triage of lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms was undertaken.

Aim

To determine if digital rectoscopy is feasible, acceptable, and clinically safe.

Design & setting

Evaluation of clinician case reports and patient questionnaires from patients recruited from five primary care centres.

Method

Adults meeting 2-week wait (2WW) criteria for suspected lower GI cancer, suspected new diagnosis, or flare-up of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were enrolled. Examinations were performed by primary care practitioners using the LumenEye rectoscope. The CHiP platform allowed immediate remote review by secondary care. A prospective analysis was performed of patient and clinician experiences, diagnostic accuracy, and cost.

Results

A total of 114 patients were recruited and 110 underwent the procedure (46 [42%] females and 64 [58%] males). No serious adverse events were reported. Eighty-two (74.5%) patients reported that examination was more comfortable than expected, while 104 (94.5%) felt the intervention was most convenient if delivered in the community. Clinicians were confident of their assessment in 100 (87.7%) examinations. Forty-eight (42.1%) patients subsequently underwent colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or computed tomography virtual colonoscopy (CTVC). The overall sensitivity and specificity of LumenEye in identifying rectal pathology was 90.0% and 88.9%. It was 100% and 100% for cancer, and 83.3% and 97.8% for polyps. Following LumenEye examination, 19 (17.3%) patients were discharged, with projected savings of 11 305 GBP.

Conclusion

Digital rectoscopy in primary care is safe, acceptable, and can reduce referrals. A phase III randomised controlled trial is indicated to define its utility in reducing the burden on hospital diagnostic services.
SNACK BARS KACANG TANAH DAN TEPUNG UBI JALAR SEBAGAI PANGAN DARURAT
Authors: Fitria Mona , Gumilar Mulus , Dewi Maryati , Judiono Judiono
Published: June 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang sangat berpotensi mengalami bencana alam. Bencana alam dapat mengganggu pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat, terutama pangan. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pangan darurat yang bersifat siap santap, bernutrisi, mudah didistribusikan dan tahan lama seperti snack bars. Snack bars untuk pangan darurat dapat dikembangkan dari bahan pangan lokal, kacang tanah dan ubi jalar. Kacang tanah merupakan sumber protein dan lemak, sedangkan ubi jalar merupakan sumber karbohidrat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh formulasi kacang tanah dan tepung ubi jalar terhadap mutu snack bars. Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor yaitu tiga formulasi kacang tanah dan tepung ubi jalar yang berbeda, yaitu 70%:30% (F1), 60%:40% (F2), dan 50%:50 (F3). Hasil uji hedonik oleh 35 panelis agak terlatih menunjukkan bahwa snack bars terbaik adalah F1, dengan rata-rata skor hedonik parameter overall 6.09. Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan ada pengaruh formulasi kacang tanah dan tepung ubi jalar terhadap aroma, namun tidak ada pengaruh pada rasa, warna, tekstur dan overall snack bars. Snack bars per sajian (50 g) mengandung energi 238.47 kkal, protein 7.5 g, lemak 12.98 g, serta karbohidrat 22.91 g. Umur simpan snack bars pada suhu ruang selama 173 hari. Produk ini dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif pangan darurat.
A23187 Tamoksifene Dirençli Meme Kanseri Hücrelerinin Tamoksifen Duyarlılığını Geliştirebilir
Authors: ERZURUMLU Yalçın , ÇATAKLI Deniz
Published: June 2022

Giriş ve Amaç: Tamoksifen, ER α-pozitif meme kanserinin tedavisinde en yaygın kullanılan terapötik bir ajandır. Ancak hastaların büyük bir kısmında tamoksifen’e karşı direnç kazanımının oluşması; terapötik etkinliği sınırlamakta ve hastalarda sağ kalım oranını azaltmaktadır. Hücre hareketliliği, gen ifadesi regülasyonu gibi çok sayıda kritik rolü olan Ca+2 sinyal mekanizması karsinogenez ile ilişkili proliferasyon, migrasyon, anjiyogenez ve ilaç direnci gelişimi gibi süreçler üzerinde önemli rollere sahiptir. Çalışmalarımızda yüksek oranda Ca+2 seçiciliği olan ve endoplazmik retikulumdan Ca+2 çıkışına aracılık eden kalsiyum iyonofor A23187 (kalsimisin)’nin tamoksifene dirençli meme kanseri hücrelerinde proliferasyon ve tamoksifen direnci üzerine olan etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: A23187 veya Tamoksifen ile A23187 kombine uygulamasının Tamoksifene dirençli meme kanseri hücresi MCF-7/TAMR-1’de hücre proliferasyonu üzerine olan etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla WST-1 temelli hücre proliferasyon analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca mikroskobik incelemeler yapılarak fotoğraflanmıştır. Bulgular: A21387’nin MCF-7/TAMR-1 hücreleri üzerindeki anti-proliferatif etkinliğe sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. A23187 ile tamoksifen’in kombine uygulaması ile hücrelerdeki tamoksifen direncini sınırlandırarak sinerjistik olarak hücrelerin proliferatif kapasitesini sınırladığı belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Bulgularımız, A23187 aracılı kalsiyum sinyalinin modülasyonunun meme kanseri hücrelerinde tamoksifen duyarlılığının ilerletilmesinde umut verici bir yaklaşım olabileceğini önermektedir.
Kadınların pap smear testi yaptırma durumu, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ve servikal kanserin erken tanısına yönelik tutumları
Authors: AKIN Bihter , ERKAL AKSOY Yasemin , KARAKUŞ Özge
Published: June 2022

Giriş ve Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı kadınların pap smear testi yaptırma durumu, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ve servikal kanserin erken tanısına yönelik tutumlarını belirlemektir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışma toplam 267 kadınla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında ‘Tanıtıcı Özellikler Soru Formu’ ‘Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği-II (SYBDÖ-II) ve Servikal Kanserin Erken Tanısına Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği (SKETTÖ) kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan kadınlar arasında pap smear yaptırma oranı %33 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışan ve eğitim düzeyi yüksek kadınların sağlık sorumluluğu düzeylerinin, rutin olarak jinekolojik muayene olan kadınların ise serviks kanserinin erken tanısına yönelik tutum düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca sağlıklı yaşam davranışları ile serviks kanserinin erken tanısına yönelik tutum düzeyi arasında pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar kadınların pap smear testi hakkında yeterli bilgi sahibi olmadığını ve test yaptırma oranının istenen düzeyde olmadığını göstermektedir. Kadınların serviks kanserinin erken tanısına yönelik tutumlarının olumlu yönde geliştirilmesi ve pap smear testi yaptırma oranlarının artırılması için özellikle birinci basamak sağlık kuruluşlarında konu ile ilgili halk eğitim etkinliklerinin düzenlenmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Interactive tools for theoretical training of kayakers and canoeists aged 13-16
Authors: Bohuslavska Viktoriia , Miroshnichenko Viacheslav , Drachuk Serhii , Yakovliv Volodimir , Chernyshenko Tamara
Published: June 2022

Purpose: substantiation and development of the structure and content of theoretical training of kayakers and canoeists at the stage of preliminary basic training and determining the effectiveness of classes using traditional and author's (interactive) means of theoretical training of athletes.
Material and methods.
In the second stage, an experiment was conducted to establish the effectiveness of traditional and interactive means of theoretical training. The study involved trainers-teachers, a total of 82 people. Among the respondents were 41 coaches of the highest category (21 of them - Honored Coach of Ukraine), 19 people - coaches of the first category, 22 people - coaches of the second category. In the second stage, an experiment was conducted to establish the effectiveness of traditional and interactive means of theoretical training. The experiment involved kayakers and canoeists aged 13-16, who were engaged in the stage of preliminary basic training. The total number of athletes was 42 people. Two experimental groups were formed, in the preparation of which different methods and means of theoretical training were used.
Comparison of data obtained during the survey of trainers-teachers was tested for the normality of the distribution using the criterion of agreement χ2 Pearson. To determine the reliability of the differences between the indicators of the level of theoretical training of rowers before and after the pedagogical experiment, the criterion of signs (Signtest) was used.
Results.
Training sessions on the developed program with the use of author's interactive means of theoretical training contributed to a significant (p <0.05) increase in the overall level of theoretical training of rowers at the stage of preliminary basic training by 29.56%. At the same time, training sessions with the use of theoretical training provided by the state curriculum were less effective and contributed to increasing the overall level of theoretical training of young rowers by only 7.2% (p <0.05).
Conclusions.
Theoretical training is an important component in the system of training kayakers and canoeists. The use of interactive theoretical training tools using the game method (computer games) in the process of theoretical training significantly increases its effectiveness, in contrast to classes that used only traditional tools and methods (study of methodological literature, conversations, demonstration of posters, stands, educational films ). This innovative approach makes the process of theoretical training much more effective by providing a higher level of theoretical training of athletes.
Transport and means of communication in the patois of the hamlet of Borbushino
Authors: Ilyina Elena N.
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the description of the local speech content devoted to transport and ways of communication. The speech material is collected according to the programme ‟Lexical Atlas of Russian Folkish Patois” from the words of the villagers of Borbushino of Kirillov district of Vologda Region. The oral narratives of the informants about overland travel, as well as travel by water and air, about the means of transportation of passengers and various cargoes in different natural and weather conditions are commented. It is revealed that ways of movement, vehicles, various devices for transportation of passengers and cargoes, as well as subjects that perform various functions in the transport system can be singled out within the system of ways of communication fully corresponding to the section of the programme ‟Lexical Atlas of Russian Folkish Patois”. The layer of vocabulary reflecting the system of transport means and ways of communication in Borbushino patois reveals a number of features due to both the location of the hamlet at a significant distance from water transport routes and the family histories of the villagers. The defining position of overland transport is revealed by this. What is authentic for Borbushino patois and unusual for the traditional use of means of transport in the Northern Russian rural area is the way of air transportation of passengers and goods, which has generated a number of changes in the traditional vocabulary of Vologda land’s inhabitants, but has not led to a radical restructuring of the patois speech system. The conclusion that the lexicon of the transport system of the described dialect for the most part implements the features typical for the dialect system as a whole, is made.
Neological metaphor as a visual means of modern business communication
Authors: Krivoruchko Irina S.
Published: June 2022

n the context of such realities of social progress as the globalisation of the economy, the digitalisation of business and social activity, the emergence of new concepts are the inevitable facts. In addition to their nominative function, new language units have an expressive potential that implements the strategy of attracting attention. Modern English business discourse is a reflection of current events taking place in the world economy; in this regard, the problem of studying the expressive component of business texts is acute, since it is the means of expression that enrich the communication process with new images forming a reliable guarantee of its effectiveness. In our study, we turned to the analysis of linguistic means that at the same time have two potentials of expressiveness – namely, metaphors that have appeared relatively recently (in the period 2015-2022) in the framework of English business discourse and those with absolute structural, formal novelty, i.e. neologism metaphors. Interest in metaphors from the point of view of neology is due to the fact that, due to their characteristics, they give business texts imagery, originality and are of significant impact (pragmatic) influence. It is necessary to note the temporary nature of this influence – over time, neologisms (including neologism metaphors) can enter into constant use, which in turn entails the loss of the novelty factor and its properties, and thus necessitates the timely study of neological processes in the language.
Circumstances to be proved in cases of official crimes related to bribery
Authors: Zinchenko Maksim Sergeevich
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the subject of evidence in cases of official crimes related to bribery as a type of corruption crimes. The purpose of the study is a theoretical analysis of a complex of problematic issues that are related to the process of proof in criminal proceedings and its features in cases of official crimes related to bribery. Attention is focused on the fact that the concept of “circumstances to be proved” and the concept of “subject of proof” have identical meaning and content with the first concept possessing a formal consolidation in criminal procedure legislation, and the second being a theoretical construction lacking a legislative consolidation, yet actively used in scientific research. The general list of circumstances subject to proof according to the criminal procedure legislation is given. It is noted that when investigating a specific criminal case, there is a need to detail typical circumstances related to the specifics of the category of cases under investigation, namely: the establishment of the subject of the bribe; its size and nature; the method often including preparatory actions, direct bribery, measures taken to conceal the crime; the nature of the promised or performed actions (inaction) in the interests of the bribe taker; the subject composition of bribery.
On legal gaps in the international law related to the realisation of the right of peoples to self-determination
Authors: Gyuldzhyan Gaik G.
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the main gaps in international law, impeding the realisation of the right to self-determination. The current stage of development of international relations entails the need to search for new approaches to resolving conflict situations and to improve existing legal mechanisms, including those related to the realisation of the right of peoples to self-determination. The author analyses the categories of subjects of the right in the issue and the forms of its implementation envisaged for each of them. Special attention in this article is paid to the international law concerning the relationship between the principle of territorial integrity and the right of peoples to self-determination. On basis of conducted analysis the author also formulates the thesis under which the principle of territorial integrity cannot be considered applicable to states that pursue a discriminatory policy against certain peoples living on their territory (primacy of the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples in cases where discriminatory policy is conducted against them). Further the author identifies related problems of realisation of the right to self-determination and comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to legally define such subjects at the international level through the adoption of a comprehensive international legal act on the right to self-determination.
Construction of new workshops on defence plants of Ivanovo Region in 1943
Authors: Okolotin Vladimir S.
Published: June 2022

This article is devoted to the activities of defence enterprises No. 2 (town of Kovrov), “Avtopribor” (automobile devices) and Plant No. 521 (town of Vladimir), expanding their production areas in order to increase the production of new machine guns and fuses to anti-tank-cumulative aerial bombs for the existing army . Until August 1944, Kovrov and Vladimir were administratively part of Ivanovo Region, therefore the decisions of the State Committee of Defence, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR regarding these objects were accompanied by the adoption by Ivanovo regional committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the Executive Committee of the regional council of deputies of the working relevant decisions of the organisational and administrative nature. For their implementation, any opportunities were sought, the existing equipment was filmed from enterprises, the timing of its delivery to other defence plants, including imported to imports, was shifted. The tasks of the State Defence Committee of various People's Commissariats on the technical equipment of new workshops were obligatory and accompanied by phrases “first priorityˮ with the requirement of unconditional implementation. In regional historiography, these rulings were not covered. In this regard, the introduction to the scientific turnover of the State Committee of the Defence and Part of the decisions of Ivanovo Regional Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) allows to overcome existing gaps in regional historical knowledge and in the history of the World War II.