bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Hawking effect always degrade fidelity of quantum teleportation in Schwarzschild spacetime?
Authors: Wu Shu-Min , Fan Xiao-Wei , Wang Rui-Di , Wu Hao-Yu , Huang Xiao-Li , Zeng Hao-Sheng
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that the Hawking effect always destroys quantum correlations and the fidelity of quantum teleportation in the Schwarzschild black hole. Here, we investigate the fidelity of quantum teleportation of Dirac fields between users in Schwarzschild spacetime. We find that, with the increase of the Hawking temperature, the fidelity of quantum teleportation can monotonically increase, monotonically decrease, or non-monotonically increase, depending on the choice of the initial state, which means that the Hawking effect can create net fidelity of quantum teleportation. This striking result banishes the extended belief that the Hawking effect of the black hole can only destroy the fidelity of quantum teleportation. We also find that quantum steering cannot fully guarantee the fidelity of quantum teleportation in Schwarzschild spacetime. This new unexpected source may provide a new idea for the experimental evidence of the Hawking effect.
Wheeler DeWitt states of a charged AdS4 black hole
Authors: Blacker Matthew J. , Ning Sirui
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We solve the Wheeler DeWitt equation for the planar Reissner-Nordström-AdS black hole in a minisuperspace approximation. We construct semiclassical Wheeler DeWitt states from Gaussian wavepackets that are peaked on classical black hole interior solutions. By using the metric component gxx as a clock, these states are evolved through both the exterior and interior horizons. Close to the singularity, we show that quantum fluctuations in the wavepacket become important, and therefore the classicality of the minisuperspace approximation breaks down. Towards the AdS boundary, the Wheeler DeWitt states are used to recover the Lorentzian partition function of the dual theory living on this boundary. This partition function is specified by an energy and a charge. Finally, we show that the Wheeler DeWitt states know about the black hole thermodynamics, recovering the grand canonical thermodynamic potential after an appropriate averaging at the black hole horizon.
Monte Carlo study of Schwinger model without the sign problem
Authors: Ohata Hiroki
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Monte Carlo study of the Schwinger model (quantum electrodynamics in one spatial dimension) with a topological θ term is very difficult due to the sign problem in the conventional lattice formulation. In this paper, we point out that this problem can be circumvented by utilizing the lattice formulation of the bosonized Schwinger model, initially invented by Bender et al. in 1985. After conducting a detailed review of their lattice formulation, we explicitly validate its correctness through detailed comparisons with analytical and previous numerical results at θ = 0. We also obtain the θ dependence of the chiral condensate and successfully reproduce the mass perturbation result for small fermion masses m/g ≲ 0.125. As an application, we perform a precise calculation of the string tension and quantitatively reveal the confining properties in the Schwigner model at finite temperature and θ region for the first time. In particular, we find that the string tension is negative for noninteger probe charges around θ = π at low temperatures.
Spinorial higher-spin gauge theory from IKKT model in Euclidean and Minkowski signatures
Authors: Steinacker Harold C. , Tran Tung
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We explore the semi-classical relation between the fuzzy 4-hyperboloid $$ {H}_N^4 $$

H
N
4

and non-compact quantized twistor space $$ {\mathbb{P}}_N^{1,2} $$

ℙ
N

1
,
2

at large N. This provides two backgrounds of the IKKT matrix model via two natural stereographic projections, leading to higher-spin gauge theories with Euclidean and Minkowski signature denoted by HS-IKKT. The resulting higher-spin gauge theory can be understood as an uplift of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills to twistor space. The action of HS-IKKT is written using a spinor formalism in both in Euclidean and Minkowski signature. We then compute the tree-level amplitudes of the massless sector within the Yang-Mills part of the HS-IKKT model in the flat limit in Euclidean signature. All n-point tree-level scattering amplitudes for n ≥ 4 of this sector are found to vanish in the flat limit.
On a Coefficient Inequality for Carathéodory Functions
Authors: Zaprawa Paweł
Published: December 2023

In the paper we consider a general inequality $$|p_{n-1}p_{n+1}-p_n{}^2|\le 4-|p_1|^2$$

|

p

n
-
1

p

n
+
1

-

p
n

2

|
≤
4
-
|

p
1

|

2

involving coefficients of functions with a positive real part. We prove this inequality for $$n=2$$

n
=
2

and $$n=3$$

n
=
3

. Consequently, the relative inequalities involving coefficients of Schwarz functions are obtained. As an application, the two sharp estimates of the Hankel determinants $$H_{3,1}$$

H

3
,
1

and $$H_{2,3}$$

H

2
,
3

are proved for functions in $${\mathcal S}^*(1/2)$$

S

∗

(
1
/
2
)

and $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
, respectively.
Visual complexity of urban streetscapes: human vs computer vision
Authors: Florio Pietro , Leduc Thomas , Sutter Yannick , Brémond Roland
Published: December 2023

Understanding visual complexity of urban environments may improve urban design strategies and limit visual pollution due to advertising, road signage, telecommunication systems and machinery. This paper aims at quantifying visual complexity specifically in urban streetscapes, by submitting a collection of geo-referenced photographs to a group of more than 450 internet users. The average complexity ranking issued from this survey was compared with a set of computer vision predictions, attempting to find the optimal match. Overall, a computer vision indicator matching comprehensively the survey outcome did not clearly emerge from the analysis, but a set of perceptual hypotheses demonstrated that some categories of stimuli are more relevant. The results show how images with contrasting colour regions and sharp edges are more prone to drive the feeling of high complexity.
Potential of measured relative shifts in collision cross section values for biotransformation studies
Authors: Lanshoeft Christian , Schütz Raphael , Lozac’h Frédéric , Schlotterbeck Götz , Walles Markus
Published: December 2023

Ion mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) separates gas phase ions due to differences in drift time from which reproducible and analyte-specific collision cross section (CCS) values can be derived. Internally conducted in vitro and in vivo metabolism (biotransformation) studies indicated repetitive shifts in measured CCS values (CCSmeas) between parent drugs and their metabolites. Hence, the purpose of the present article was (i) to investigate if such relative shifts in CCSmeas were biotransformation-specific and (ii) to highlight their potential benefits for biotransformation studies. First, mean CCSmeas values of 165 compounds were determined (up to n = 3) using a travelling wave IMS-MS device with nitrogen as drift gas (TWCCSN2, meas). Further comparison with their predicted values (TWCCSN2, pred, Waters CCSonDemand) resulted in a mean absolute error of 5.1%. Second, a reduced data set (n = 139) was utilized to create compound pairs (n = 86) covering eight common types of phase I and II biotransformations. Constant, discriminative, and almost non-overlapping relative shifts in mean TWCCSN2, meas were obtained for demethylation (− 6.5 ± 2.1 Å2), oxygenation (hydroxylation + 3.8 ± 1.4 Å2, N-oxidation + 3.4 ± 3.3 Å2), acetylation (+ 13.5 ± 1.9 Å2), sulfation (+ 17.9 ± 4.4 Å2), glucuronidation (N-linked: + 41.7 ± 7.5 Å2, O-linked: + 38.1 ± 8.9 Å2), and glutathione conjugation (+ 49.2 ± 13.2 Å2). Consequently, we propose to consider such relative shifts in TWCCSN2, meas (rather than absolute values) as well for metabolite assignment/confirmation complementing the conventional approach to associate changes in mass-to-charge (m/z) values between a parent drug and its metabolite(s). Moreover, the comparison of relative shifts in TWCCSN2, meas significantly simplifies the mapping of metabolites into metabolic pathways as demonstrated.

Graphical Abstract
Wightman Fields for Two-Dimensional Conformal Field Theories with Pointed Representation Category
Authors: Adamo Maria Stella , Giorgetti Luca , Tanimoto Yoh
Published: December 2023

Two-dimensional full conformal field theories have been studied in various mathematical frameworks, from algebraic, operator-algebraic to categorical. In this work, we focus our attention on theories with chiral components having pointed braided tensor representation subcategories, namely having automorphisms whose equivalence classes necessarily form an abelian group. For such theories, we exhibit the explicit Hilbert space structure and construct primary fields as Wightman fields for the two-dimensional full theory. Given a finite collection of chiral components with automorphism categories with trivial total braiding, we also construct a local extension of their tensor product as a chiral component. We clarify the relations with the Longo–Rehren construction, and illustrate these results with concrete examples including the $${\textrm{U}}(1)$$

U
(
1
)

-current.
Multiple bHLH/MYB-based protein complexes regulate proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the herbage of Lotus spp.
Authors: Escaray Francisco José , Valeri Maria Cristina , Damiani Francesco , Ruiz Oscar Adolfo , Carrasco Pedro , Paolocci Francesco
Published: December 2023

Main conclusion

The complexes involving MYBPA2, TT2b, and TT8 proteins are the critical regulators of ANR and LAR genes to promote the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins in the leaves of Lotus spp.

The environmental impact and health of ruminants fed with forage legumes depend on the herbage's concentration and structure of proanthocyanidins (PAs). Unfortunately, the primary forage legumes (alfalfa and clover) do not contain substantial levels of PAs. No significant progress has been made to induce PAs to agronomically valuable levels in their edible organs by biotechnological approaches thus far. Building this trait requires a profound knowledge of PA regulators and their interplay in species naturally committed to accumulating these metabolites in the target organs. Against this background, we compared the shoot transcriptomes of two inter-fertile Lotus species, namely Lotus tenuis and Lotus corniculatus, polymorphic for this trait, to search for differentially expressed MYB and bHLH genes. We then tested the expression of the above-reported regulators in L. tenuis x L. corniculatus interspecific hybrids, several Lotus spp., and different L. corniculatus organs with contrasting PA levels. We identified a novel MYB activator and MYB-bHLH-based complexes that, when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, trans-activated the promoters of L. corniculatus anthocyanidin reductase and leucoanthocyanidin reductase 1 genes. The last are the two critical structural genes for the biosynthesis of PAs in Lotus spp. Competition between MYB activators for the transactivation of these promoters also emerged. Overall, by employing Lotus as a model genus, we refined the transcriptional network underlying PA biosynthesis in the herbage of legumes. These findings are crucial to engineering this trait in pasture legumes.
On the ergodicity of interacting particle systems under number rigidity
Authors: Suzuki Kohei
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we provide relations among the following properties:

the tail triviality of a probability measure $$\mu $$
μ
on the configuration space $${\varvec{\Upsilon }}$$

Υ

;

the finiteness of a suitable $$L^2$$

L
2

-transportation-type distance $$\bar{\textsf {d} }_{\varvec{\Upsilon }}$$

d

¯

Υ

;

the irreducibility of local $${\mu }$$
μ
-symmetric Dirichlet forms on $${\varvec{\Upsilon }}$$

Υ

.

As an application, we obtain the ergodicity (i.e., the convergence to the equilibrium) of interacting infinite diffusions having logarithmic interaction and arising from determinantal/permanental point processes including $$\text {sine}_{2}$$

sine
2

, $$\text {Airy}_{2}$$

Airy
2

, $$\text {Bessel}_{\alpha , 2}$$

Bessel

α
,
2

($$\alpha \ge 1$$

α
≥
1

), and $$\text {Ginibre}$$
Ginibre
point processes. In particular, the case of the unlabelled Dyson Brownian motion is covered. For the proof, the number rigidity of point processes in the sense of Ghosh–Peres plays a key role.
Jurassic to early Cretaceous geodynamic evolution of the eastern Hellenides
Authors: Mposkos Evripidis , Krohe Alexander , Walton Craig , Baziotis Ioannis
Published: December 2023

Remarkably well-preserved crustal sections from the Eastern Hellenides offer the chance to evaluate the regional geodynamic evolution of continental crust. Here, we identify and geodynamically interpret eclogite facies metamorphism in the Triassic–Jurassic volcano-sedimentary series of the West Circum Rhodope zone in the eastern Hellenides. Equilibrium phase diagrams and measured mineral compositions were used to inform reconstructions of geodynamic evolution during the early Alpine period. We newly define the existence of the Eohellenic HP belt, consisting of pre-Alpine basement, continental volcano-sedimentary formations, and a Jurassic magmatic arc. We suggest that the Eohellenic HP-Belt was subducted in the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous beneath the European plate margin. Detailed geodynamic reconstructions such as ours provide a robust anchor for future computational models of long-term crustal evolution in the Eastern Hellenides.

Graphical abstract
Microflow injection analysis based on modular 3D platforms and colorimetric detection for Fe(III) monitoring in a wide concentration range
Authors: Ricart David , Dorado Antonio David , Lao-Luque Conxita , Baeza Mireia
Published: December 2023

A modular microflow injection analysis (microFIA) system for the determination of Fe(III) in a bioleaching reactor has been designed, developed and validated. The different modules of the analyzer (mixer, diluter, disperser and detector) were 3D-printed. Fe(III) quantification is due by measuring the color intensity of the chelate formed between Fe(III) and salicylic acid at 525 nm. The device has been designed to dilute, disperse and detect high Fe(III) concentrations in the form of an inexpensive multi-step photometric flow cell that uses an light-emitting diode (LED) as a light source and an light-dependent resistor (LDR) as a light intensity detector. This microFIA system has been shown to be suitable for automatic and continuous determination of Fe(III) in the operation of a bioreactor for the oxidation of Fe(II). The device has a good repeatability (less than 5% of coefficient of variation in the whole range of concentrations) and accuracy of around 100%. The analyzer features an exceptional wide linear range, between 25 and 6000 mg·L−1. The device was successfully applied to the determination of Fe(III) in real samples. The obtained results proved that the method is applicable for accurate, precise, rapid, and low-cost colorimetric analysis and didn’t show significant differences with a conventional UV–Vis method.

Graphical Abstract
Weighting climate models for hydrological projections: effects on contrasting hydroclimatic regions
Authors: Castaneda-Gonzalez Mariana , Poulin Annie , Romero-Lopez Rabindranarth , Turcotte Richard
Published: December 2023

Weighting climate models has recently become a more accepted approach. However, it remains a topic of ongoing discussion, especially for analyses needed at regional scales, such as hydrological assessments. Various studies have evaluated the weighting approaches for climate simulations. Yet, few case studies have assessed the impacts of weighting climate models on streamflow projections. Additionally, the methodological and location limitations of previous studies make it difficult to extrapolate their conclusions over regions with contrasting hydroclimatic regimes, highlighting the need for further studies. Thus, this study evaluates the effects of different climate model’s weighting approaches on hydrological projections over hydrologically diverse basins. An ensemble of 24 global climate model (GCM) simulations coupled with a lumped hydrological model is used over 20 North American basins to generate 24 GCM-driven streamflow projections. Six unequal-weighting approaches, comprising temperature-, precipitation-, and streamflow-based criteria, were evaluated using an out-of-sample approach during the 1976–2005 reference period. Moreover, the unequal-weighting approaches were compared against the equal-weighting approach over the 1976–2005, 2041–2070, and 2070–2099 periods. The out-of-sample assessment showed that unequally weighted ensembles can improve the mean hydrograph representation under historical conditions compared to the common equal-weighting approach. In addition, results revealed that unequally weighting climate models not only impacted the magnitude and climate change signal, but also reduced the model response uncertainty spread of hydrological projections, particularly over rain-dominated basins. These results underline the need to further evaluate the adequacy of equally weighting climate models, especially for variables with generally larger uncertainty at regional scale.
High-Frequency Trading in Bond Returns: A Comparison Across Alternative Methods and Fixed-Income Markets
Authors: Alaminos David , Salas María Belén , Fernández-Gámez Manuel A.
Published: December 2023

A properly performing and efficient bond market is widely considered important for the smooth functioning of trading systems in general. An important feature of the bond market for investors is its liquidity. High-frequency trading employs sophisticated algorithms to explore numerous markets, such as fixed-income markets. In this trading, transactions are processed more quickly, and the volume of trades rises significantly, improving liquidity in the bond market. This paper presents a comparison of neural networks, fuzzy logic, and quantum methodologies for predicting bond price movements through a high-frequency strategy in advanced and emerging countries. Our results indicate that, of the selected methods, QGA, DRCNN and DLNN-GA can correctly interpret the expected bond future price direction and rate changes satisfactorily, while QFuzzy tend to perform worse in forecasting the future direction of bond prices. Our work has a large potential impact on the possible directions of the strategy of algorithmic trading for investors and stakeholders in fixed-income markets and all methodologies proposed in this study could be great options policy to explore other financial markets.
Factors influencing the difference in dissolved ion inputs to the forest floor between deciduous and coniferous stands: comparison under high and low atmospheric deposition conditions
Authors: Imamura Naohiro , Ohte Nobuhito , Tanaka Nobuaki
Published: December 2023

It is necessary to clear the relationship between physical and vegetation factors on the processes governing dissolved ion inputs to the forest floor to estimate correctly the values of atmospheric input to the forest. This study identified the factors influencing the differences in dissolved ion inputs to the forest floor between coniferous evergreen and broad-leaved deciduous species by analyzing the phenological variations of dry deposition and canopy exchange calculated by the canopy budget model under a high-deposition site near the city of Tokyo and a low-deposition site 84 km further away. At low-deposition site, vegetation factors such as capture efficiency did not explain the differences in Na+ or Cl− dry deposition. Leaf physiological characteristics influenced the differences in the Mg2+ and Ca2+ canopy leaching values, and phenology, leaf wettability, and diffusion processes from water film into leaves influenced the differences in NH4+ and NO3− input processes between tree types. At the high-deposition site, differences in the dry deposition of Na+, SO42−, Cl−, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+, and NO3− between tree types were influenced by differences in capture efficiency between coniferous and broad-leaved canopies in the leafed period and by the absence of leaves in deciduous species after leaf fall. These results indicated that atmospheric deposition affected the capture efficiency of coniferous trees for dry deposition and enhanced the difference of dissolved ion inputs to the forest floor between coniferous and deciduous species.
Resveratrol protects against Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis by targeting the Sirt-1/NF-κB axis
Authors: Mostafa Dalia Kamal , Eissa Maha M. , Ghareeb Doaa A. , Abdulmalek Shaymaa , Hewedy Wafaa A.
Published: December 2023

Hepatic schistosomiasis is a prevalent form of chronic liver disease that drastically affects human health. Nevertheless, an antifibrotic drug that could suppress the development of hepatic fibrosis does not exist yet. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of resveratrol, a natural polyphenol with multiple biological activities, on Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni)-induced hepatic fibrosis and delineate the underlying molecular mechanism. Swiss male albino mice were randomly assigned into infected and non-infected groups. Hepatic schistosomiasis infection was induced via exposure to S. mansoni cercariae. 6 weeks later, resveratrol was administrated either as 20 mg/kg/day or 100 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks to two infected groups. Another group received vehicle and served as infected control group. At the end of the study, portal hemodynamic, biochemical, and histopathological evaluation of liver tissues were conducted. Remarkably, resveratrol significantly reduced portal pressure, portal and mesenteric flow in a dose-dependent manner. It improved several key features of hepatic injury as evidenced biochemically by a significant reduction of bilirubin and liver enzymes, and histologically by amelioration of the granulomatous and inflammatory reactions. In line, resveratrol reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory markers; TNF-α, IL-1β and MCP-1 mRNA, together with fibrotic markers; collagen-1, TGF-β1 and α-SMA. Moreover, resveratrol restored SIRT1/NF-κB balance in hepatic tissues which is the main switch-off control for all the fibrotic and inflammatory mechanisms. Taken together, it can be inferred that resveratrol possesses a possible anti-fibrotic effect that can halt the progression of hepatic schistosomiasis via targeting SIRT1/ NF-κB signaling.
‘Spider-like’ POSS in NIPU webs: enhanced thermal stability and unique swelling behavior
Authors: Łukaszewska Izabela , Bukowczan Artur , Raftopoulos Konstantinos N. , Pielichowski Krzysztof
Published: December 2023

PEO-based non-isocyanate polyhydroxyurethane (NIPU, PHU) networks physically modified with octa(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyldimethylsiloxy)POSS (8OHPOSS) were synthesized via one-pot one-step approach. POSS was introduced into the polymer matrix in the amount of 1–10 wt%. Polar hydroxyls on the vertex groups of POSS allowed for uniform dispersion even up to high loadings (10 wt%). Composites exhibit enhanced thermal stability in comparison to the pristine matrix. FTIR analysis confirmed that POSS strengthens the hydrogen bonding in the material. Upon POSS introduction, plasticization was observed with a peculiar trend change at POSS loadings over 5 wt%. Glass transition temperature of highly crystalline 8OHPOSS was measured and reported to be at around 3 °C. NIPUs at hand exhibit high water absorption (around 200 wt%) typical for hydrogels. Swelling studies show that 8OHPOSS enhances PHUs hydrogels absorption capacity in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Higher absorption capacity in PBS solution in comparison to distilled water is an uncommon phenomenon in hydrogels.
Interoperability of heterogeneous Systems of Systems: from requirements to a reference architecture
Authors: Sadeghi Mersedeh , Carenini Alessio , Corcho Oscar , Rossi Matteo , Santoro Riccardo , Vogelsang Andreas
Published: December 2023

Interoperability stands as a critical hurdle in developing and overseeing distributed and collaborative systems. Thus, it becomes imperative to gain a deep comprehension of the primary obstacles hindering interoperability and the essential criteria that systems must satisfy to achieve it. In light of this objective, in the initial phase of this research, we conducted a survey questionnaire involving stakeholders and practitioners engaged in distributed and collaborative systems. This effort resulted in the identification of eight essential interoperability requirements, along with their corresponding challenges. Then, the second part of our study encompassed a critical review of the literature to assess the effectiveness of prevailing conceptual approaches and associated technologies in addressing the identified requirements. This analysis led to the identification of a set of components that promise to deliver the desired interoperability by addressing the requirements identified earlier. These elements subsequently form the foundation for the third part of our study, a reference architecture for interoperability-fostering frameworks that is proposed in this paper. The results of our research can significantly impact the software engineering of interoperable systems by introducing their fundamental requirements and the best practices to address them, but also by identifying the key elements of a framework facilitating interoperability in Systems of Systems.
Simulation-based uprighting of a capsized ship in wave-induced environments
Authors: Pan Dewei , Liu Zhijie , Zhang Qiang , Liu Ying , Feng Wencai , Ji Shiyu , Zhang Wei , Min Zhen
Published: December 2023

The present study aimed to find the truth about the effect of ocean waves on the process of righting a capsized ship by employing common computational methods of marine salvage engineering. Mathematical models of ship stability and uprighting were developed to quantitatively evaluate the effects of wave encounter angle on the righting forces, bending moments and torques of the hull during the uprighting process. The results indicated that during the uprighting process, the maximum righting forces of the capsized ship were almost unchanged with a maximum difference of 1kN, when the ocean was calm or when the encounter angle of the waves varied. However, the righting force moment showed significant discrepancies under all conditions, with a maximum difference of 1177.5 kN m. When the wave encounter angle is at 0°, the shear force of some parts of the ship is 2–3 times that of the still water environment, and the shear force of some parts of the ship is 3–4 times that of the wave encounter angle at 300°. Remarkably, the bending moment varied by more than 200% at some particular locations under a particular wave encounter angle. Furthermore, the negative torque variation was relatively minor at a 300° wave encounter angle, and the uprighting process still needs relatively large righting forces.
Quasi-two dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper halide perovskites for laser applications
Authors: Chen Kun , Zhang Qianpeng , Liang Yin , Song Jiepeng , Li Chun , Chen Shi , Li Fang , Zhang Qing
Published: December 2023

Quasi-two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) halide perovskites, as a kind of emerged two-dimensional layered materials, have recently achieved great attentions in lasing materials field owing to their large exciton binding energy, high emission yield, large optical gain, and wide-range tuning of optical bandgap. This review will introduce research progresses of RP halide perovskites for lasing applications in aspects of materials, photophysics, and devices with emphasis on emission and lasing properties tailored by the molecular composition and interface. The materials, structures and fabrications are introduced in the first part. Next, the optical transitions and amplified spontaneous emission properties are discussed from the aspects of electronic structure, exciton, gain dynamics, and interface tailoring. Then, the research progresses on lasing devices are summarized and several types of lasers including VCSEL, DFB lasers, microlasers, random lasers, plasmonic lasers, and polariton lasers are discussed. At last, the challenges and perspectives would be provided.
HEARTS in the Americas: Targeting Health System Change to Improve Population Hypertension Control
Authors: Ordunez Pedro , Campbell Norm R. C. , DiPette Donald J. , Jaffe Marc G. , Rosende Andres , Martinez Ramon , Gamarra Angelo , Lombardi Cintia , Parra Natalia , Rodriguez Libardo , Rodriguez Yenny , Brettler Jeffrey
Published: December 2023

Purpose of Review

HEARTS in the Americas is the regional adaptation of Global Hearts, the World Health Organization initiative for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and control. Its overarching goal is to drive health services to change managerial and clinical practice in primary care settings to improve hypertension control and CVD risk management. This review describes the HEARTS in the Americas initiative. First, the regional epidemiological situation of CVD mortality and population hypertension control trends are summarized; then the rationale for its main intervention components: the primary care-oriented management system and the HEARTS Clinical Pathway are described. Finally, the key factors for accelerating the expansion of HEARTS are examined: medicines, team-based care, and a system for monitoring and evaluation.

Recent Findings

Thus far, 33 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have committed to integrating this program across their primary healthcare network by 2025. The increase in hypertension coverage and control in primary health care settings compared with the traditional model is promising and confirms that the interventions under the HEARTS umbrella are feasible and acceptable to communities, patients, providers, decision-makers, and funders. This review highlights some cases of successful implementation.

Scaling up effective treatment for hypertension and optimization of CVD risk management is a pragmatic way to accelerate the reduction of CVD mortality while strengthening primary healthcare systems to respond effectively, with quality, and equitably, to the challenge of non-communicable diseases, not only in low-middle income countries but in all communities globally.
“Male suicide and barriers to accessing professional support: a qualitative thematic analysis”
Authors: Bennett Susanna , Robb Kathryn A. , O’Connor Rory C.
Published: December 2023

Male suicide rates represent a public health crisis. In almost every country, more men die by suicide than women and suicide is a leading cause of death for men in the United States and the United Kingdom. Evidence suggests that men are less likely than women to access professional support for suicidal distress. Ensuring more men access support is a critical component of suicide prevention. This study explores responses from 725 men, worldwide, who have attempted suicide or have had thoughts of suicide in the last year, to an open-text question about the barriers they experience to accessing professional support. Using a thematic analysis, results reveal the multifaceted barriers some men experience regarding a lack of motivation, a lack of psychological capability, and/or a lack of physical/social opportunity to access support. Findings suggest that many men have sought support but had negative experiences and that many others want help but cannot access it. Barriers include prohibitive costs and waiting times; potential costs to identity, autonomy, relationships and future life opportunities; a lack of perceived psychological capability; a lack of belief in the utility of services and a mistrust of mental health professionals. Findings suggest the importance of examining the role of male gender in male help-seeking behaviours. We suggest 23 recommendations for services and public health messaging to increase men's help-seeking behaviours.
Syntheses and applications of iron-based functional materials for bioenergy production: a review
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Lijun , Shahbazi Abolghasem
Published: December 2023

The earth abundant and environmentally friendly element iron (Fe) forms various functional materials of metallic iron, iron oxides, iron carbides, natural iron ore, and iron-based metallic-organic frameworks. The Fe-based materials have been intensively studied as oxygen carriers, catalysts, adsorbents, and additives in bioenergy production. This review was to provide a fundamental understanding of the syntheses and characteristics of various Fe-based materials for further enhancing their functionalities and facilitating their applications in various bioenergy conversion processes. The syntheses, characteristics, and applications of various iron-based materials for bioenergy conversion published in peer-reviewed articles were first reviewed. The challenges and perspectives of the wide applications of those functional materials in bioenergy conversion were then discussed. The functionalities, stability, and reactivity of Fe-based materials depend on their structures and redox phases. Furthermore, the phase and composition of iron compounds change in a process. More research is needed to analyze the complex phase and composition changes during their applications, and study the type of iron precursors, synthesizing conditions, and the use of promoters and supports to improve their performance in bioenergy conversion. More studies are also needed to develop multifunctional Fe-based materials to be used for multi-duties in a biorefinery and develop green processes to biologically, economically, and sustainably produce those functional materials at a large scale.
P2 random walk: self-supervised anomaly detection with pixel-point random walk
Authors: Hua Liujie , Qi Qianqian , Long Jun
Published: December 2023

In the domain of intelligent manufacturing, automatic anomaly detection plays a pivotal role and holds great significance for improving production efficiency and product quality. However, the scarcity and uncertainty of anomalous data pose significant challenges in this field. Data augmentation methods, such as Cutout, which are widely adopted in existing methodologies, tend to generate patterned data, leading to biased data and compromised detection performance. To deal with this issue, we propose an approach termed self-supervised anomaly detection with pixel-point random walk (P2 Random Walk), which combines data augmentation and Siamese neural networks. We develop a pixel-level data augmentation technique to enhance the randomness of generated data and establish a two-stage anomaly classification framework. The effectiveness of the P2 Random Walk method has been demonstrated on the MVTec dataset, achieving an AUROC of 96.2% and 96.3% for classification and segmentation, respectively, by using only data augmentation-based techniques. Specifically, our method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in several categories, improving the AUROC for classification and segmentation by 0.5% and 0.3%, respectively, which demonstrates the high performance and strong academic value of our method in anomaly detection tasks.
Design and implementation of a wireless communication-based sprinkler irrigation system with seed sowing functionality
Authors: Venkatesh Bhupalam , Suresh Y. , Chinna Babu J. , Guru Mohan N. , Madana Kumar Reddy C. , Kumar Manoj
Published: December 2023

This study addresses the critical health risks faced by farmers owing to the use of harmful chemical pesticides in agriculture. The primary objective is to create an effective solution to minimize these risks and reduce the use of pesticides. To achieve this, a smart irrigation system has been implemented by connecting various sensors, such as moisture sensors and thermal imagers through the Internet of Things. These sensors collect vital data on crop moisture levels and thermal images that are securely stored in a cloud-based system. The data collected were subjected to extensive analysis to ensure accurate pesticide use and to identify specific pests affecting crops. In addition, the smart irrigation system includes an Android phone for remote monitoring and pesticide spray detection, thus offering a convenient remote-based operating system for farmers. This innovative system not only proved to be cost-effective but also proved to be significantly more efficient than traditional methods, resulting in reduced labor costs. Importantly, it not only addressed the health risks associated with pesticide use but also led to a significant reduction in overall pesticide use in agriculture. This research provides a comprehensive and effective approach to address the health risks farmers face from harmful pesticides, thereby promoting sustainable and safe farming practices for the future.
Effect of Dynamic Pressure on the Shock Structure and Sub-shock Formation in a Mixture of Polyatomic Gases
Authors: Ruggeri Tommaso , Taniguchi Shigeru
Published: December 2023

We study the shock structure and the sub-shock formation in a binary mixture of rarefied polyatomic gases, considering the dissipation only due to the dynamic pressure. We classify the regions depending on the concentration and the Mach number for which there may exist the sub-shock in the profile of shock structure in one or both constituents or not for prescribed values of the mass ratio of the constituents and the ratios of the specific heats. We compare the regions with the ones of the corresponding mixture of Eulerian gases and perform the numerical calculations of the shock structure for typical cases previously classified and confirm whether sub-shocks emerge.
Algorithms for Measurement Invariance Testing
Authors: Cole Veronica , Lacey Conor H.
Published: December 2023

Latent variable models are a powerful tool for measuring many of the phenomena in which developmental psychologists are often interested. If these phenomena are not measured equally well among all participants, this would result in biased inferences about how they unfold throughout development. In the absence of such biases, measurement invariance is achieved; if this bias is present, differential item functioning (DIF) would occur. This Element introduces the testing of measurement invariance/DIF through nonlinear factor analysis. After introducing models which are used to study these questions, the Element uses them to formulate different definitions of measurement invariance and DIF. It also focuses on different procedures for locating and quantifying these effects. The Element finally provides recommendations for researchers about how to navigate these options to make valid inferences about measurement in their own data.
Optical Constituent Concentrations and Uncertainties Obtained for Case 1 and 2 Waters From a Spectral Deconvolution Model Applied to In Situ IOPs and Radiometry
Authors: Lo Prejato M. , McKee D.
Published: December 2023

A spectral deconvolution model (SDM) for inversion of light absorption, a(λ) and backscattering, bb(λ), to estimate concentrations of chlorophyll (CHL), colored dissolved organic material (CDOM) and non‐biogenic mineral suspended solids (MSS) in offshore and shelf waters is presented. This approach exploits the spectral information embedded in the ratio bb(λ)/a(λ), without the need to know each parameter separately. The model has been applied to in situ inherent optical properties (IOPs), a(λ) and bb(λ), and to in situ remote sensing reflectance, rrs(λ). CHL, MSS, and CDOM estimates are provided by propagating uncertainties in input IOPs and material‐specific IOPs using a bootstrapping approach. Application of the SDM to a data set collected in the Ligurian Sea provides Mean Average Errors (MAE) of <0.7 mg m−3 for CHL, <0.02 m−1 for CDOM, and <0.2 g m−3 for MSS. The SDM is found to perform as well as, or in some cases better than, single parameter algorithms and other semi‐analytical algorithms (SAA) for each parameter for the Ligurian Sea data set. The SDM CHL product is tested using the NOMAD, Case 1 dominated, global data set and found to perform consistently with the quasi‐analytical algorithm (Lee et al., 2002, https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.41.005755) but with slightly poorer performance than standard OCx algorithms. However, the additional estimates of CDOM and MSS provided by the SDM suggest that the approach may be particularly useful for Case 2 waters. Successful retrieval of constituent concentrations with uncertainties suggests good potential to adapt this technique for satellite remote sensing.
Generation of Evolving Plate Boundaries and Toroidal Flow From Visco‐Plastic Damage‐Rheology Mantle Convection and Continents
Authors: Becker Thorsten W. , Fuchs Lukas
Published: December 2023

Earth's style of planetary heat transport is characterized by plate tectonics which requires rock strength to be reduced plastically in order to break an otherwise stagnant lithospheric lid, and for rocks to have a memory of past deformation to account for strain localization and the hysteresis implied by geological sutures. Here, we explore ∼107 Rayleigh number, visco‐plastic, 3‐D global mantle convection with damage. We show that oceanic lithosphere‐only models generate strong toroidal‐poloidal power ratios and features such as a mix of long‐wavelength tectonic motions and smaller‐scale, back‐arc tectonics driven by downwellings. Undulating divergent plate boundaries can evolve to form overlapping spreading centers and microplates, promoted and perhaps stabilized by the effects of damage with long memory. The inclusion of continental rafts enhances heat flux variability and toroidal flow, including net rotation of the lithosphere, to a level seen in plate reconstructions for the Cenozoic. Both the super‐continental cycle and local rheological descriptions affect heat transport and tectonic deformation across a range of scales, and we showcase both general tectonic dynamics and regionally applied continental breakup scenarios. Our work points toward avenues for renewed analysis of the typical, mean behavior as well as the evolution of fluctuations in geological and model plate boundary evolution scenarios.
Anthropogenic Aerosols Offsetting Ocean Warming Less Efficiently Since the 1980s
Authors: Sohail Taimoor , Irving Damien B. , Zika Jan D. , Gregory Jonathan M.
Published: December 2023

Greenhouse gases and aerosols play a major role in controlling global climate change. Greenhouse gases drive a radiative imbalance which warms the ocean, while aerosols cool the ocean. Since 1980, the effective radiation felt by the planet due to anthropogenic aerosols has leveled off, global ocean cooling due to aerosols has decelerated, and greenhouse gas‐driven ocean warming has accelerated. We explore the deceleration of aerosol‐driven ocean cooling by quantifying a time‐ and spatially varying ocean heat uptake efficiency, defined as the change in the rate of global ocean heat storage per degree of cooling surface temperature. In aerosol‐only simulations, ocean heat uptake efficiency has decreased by 43 ± 14% since 1980. The tropics and sub‐tropics have driven this decrease, while the coldest fraction of the ocean continues to sustain cooling and high ocean heat uptake efficiency. Our results identify a growing trend toward less efficient ocean cooling due to aerosols.
Northern Hemisphere Snow Drought in Earth System Model Simulations and ERA5‐Land Data in 1980–2014
Authors: Fang Yilin , Leung L. Ruby
Published: December 2023

Low snow levels over the past few decades and predictions of a low‐to‐no snow future have spurred research into snow droughts, which pose a threat to water security and management. Systematic data‐model comparisons of snow drought have been lacking, hindering our understanding of the drivers of snow drought in the past. To address this gap, we analyzed snow drought events using standardized snow water equivalent index derived from monthly results of four numerical experiments using the E3SM Land Model (ELM) and ERA5‐Land data during the period of 1980–2014. Additionally, we compared snow drought duration calculated from models with those from the ERA5‐Land data during selected El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) years. The numerical experiments were conducted with ELM driven by two prescribed atmospheric forcings, and with the coupled land‐atmosphere configuration of E3SM with and without plant hydraulics scheme feedback. Analysis reveals that 20%–30% of snow droughts occur due to factors other than above‐normal temperature and low snowfall, such as low soil moisture, warm soil temperature, and low relative humidity, etc., especially in high latitudes (50° North). Furthermore, our study highlights the exacerbating effect of ENSO events on snow drought conditions in various regions, despite some discrepancies between model and ERA5‐Land results. We also identified limitations of the coupled land‐atmosphere models in our current configuration in capturing the spatial patterns of snow droughts. This study underscores the challenge of predicting and mitigating snow drought and the need for a comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to snow drought.
Filamin A cooperates with the androgen receptor in preventing skeletal muscle senescence
Authors: Di Donato Marzia , Moretti Antimo , Sorrentino Carmela , Toro Giuseppe , Gentile Giulia , Iolascon Giovanni , Castoria Gabriella , Migliaccio Antimo
Published: December 2023

Aging induces a slow and progressive decrease in muscle mass and function, causing sarcopenia. Androgens control muscle trophism and exert important anabolic functions through the binding to the androgen receptor. Therefore, analysis of the androgen receptor-mediated actions in skeletal muscle might provide new hints for a better understanding of sarcopenia pathogenesis. In this study, we report that expression of the androgen receptor in skeletal muscle biopsies from 20 subjects is higher in young, as compared with old subjects. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that the androgen receptor is complexed with filamin A mainly in young, that in old subjects. Therefore, we have in depth analyzed the role of such complex using C2C12 myoblasts that express a significant amount of the androgen receptor. In these cells, hormone stimulation rapidly triggers the assembly of the androgen receptor/filamin A complex. Such complex prevents the senescence induced by oxidative stress in C2C12 cells, as disruption of the androgen receptor/filamin A complex by Rh-2025u stapled peptide re-establishes the senescent phenotype in C2C12 cells. Simultaneously, androgen stimulation of C2C12 cells rapidly triggers the activation of various signaling effectors, including Rac1, focal adhesion kinase, and mitogen-activated kinases. Androgen receptor blockade by bicalutamide or perturbation of androgen receptor/filamin A complex by Rh-2025u stapled peptide both reverse the hormone activation of signaling effectors. These findings further reinforce the role of the androgen receptor and its extranuclear partners in the rapid hormone signaling that controls the functions of C2C12 cells. Further investigations are needed to promote clinical interventions that might ameliorate muscle cell function as well the clinical outcome of age-related frailty.