bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The sound velocity of wüstite at high pressures: implications for low-velocity anomalies at the base of the lower mantle
Authors: Tanaka Ryosuke , Sakamaki Tatsuya , Ohtani Eiji , Fukui Hiroshi , Kamada Seiji , Suzuki Akio , Tsutsui Satoshi , Uchiyama Hiroshi , Baron Alfred Q. R.
Published: June 2020

The longitudinal sound velocity (VP) and the density (ρ) of wüstite, FeO, were measured at pressures of up to 112.3 GPa and temperatures of up to 1700 K using both inelastic X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction combined with a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell. The linear relationship between VP and ρ, Birch’s law, for wüstite can be expressed as VP = 1.55 (1) × ρ [g/cm3] − 2.03 (8) [km/s] at 300 K and VP = 1.61 (1) × ρ [kg/m3] − 2.82 (10) [km/s] at 1700 K. The sound velocity of wüstite is significantly lower than that of bridgmanite and ferropericlase under lower mantle conditions. In other words, the existence of wüstite in the lower mantle can efficiently decrease the seismic velocity. Considering its slow velocity and several mechanisms for the formation of FeO-rich regions at the core–mantle boundary, we confirm earlier suggestions indicating that wüstite enrichment at the bottom of the Earth’s mantle may contribute to the formation of denser ultra-low velocity zones.
Perforated duodenal diverticulum successfully treated with a combination of surgical drainage and endoscopic nasobiliary and nasopancreatic drainage: a case report
Authors: Shimada Ayako , Fujita Koji , Kitago Minoru , Ichisaka Shunsuke , Ishikawa Keiichi , Kikunaga Hiroyuki , Kumai Koichiro , Miura Hiroshi
Published: June 2020

Background

Perforation of a duodenal diverticulum is a rare complication that may become fatal with a delay in appropriate treatment. However, the optimal treatment for perforated duodenal diverticulum remains controversial, ranging from conservative therapy to surgery including pancreatoduodenectomy.

Case presentation

The patient was a 60-year-old woman with no particular medical history who visited our hospital with chief complaints of continuous fever and right dorsal pain. Upon arrival, she had tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Laboratory data showed the elevation of inflammatory markers. Computed tomography revealed free air with abscess formation around the duodenum, which was diagnosed as duodenal perforation with abdominal abscess. We decided on emergent surgery, and we identified the perforation site on the dorsal side of the second portion of the duodenum intraoperatively. However, the inflammation around the perforation site was severe, and it was difficult to perform primary closure or dissection of the perforated diverticulum. Therefore, we finished surgery by placing four indwelling intra-abdominal tubes. Since postoperative day (POD) 1, the elevation of inflammation markers appeared to be uncontrollable, owing to the leakage of bile and pancreatic juice. We decided to perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography on POD 2, and inserted endoscopic nasobiliary drainage and nasopancreatic drainage tubes. The patient showed a good postoperative course and was discharged on POD 57.

Conclusions

Endoscopic nasobiliary and nasopancreatic drainage in combination with surgical drainage may be an effective treatment for perforated duodenal diverticulum.
Latent organizing for responding to emergencies: foundations for research
Authors: van Fenema Paul C. , Romme A. Georges L.
Published: June 2020

Time and again, many organizations and their staff members must respond to unexpected catastrophes like hurricanes (e.g., Katrina), virus pandemics (e.g., COVID-19), or other major emergencies. As a result, some organizations allow their employees to respond to external emergencies by engaging in response actions for a limited time, like in the case of emergency response teams. The latter teams consist of employees that act as emergency response officers who can respond to floods, train crashes, or other emergencies. Emergency response teams constitute an example of so-called latent organizing (LO) in the preparation for and response to any (unpredictable) future emergency. While latent organizing is ubiquitous in a societal and professional sense, it has hardly been studied in the organization design literature. In this paper, we develop a research agenda for studying LO. LO serves to prepare for and respond to emergencies, but otherwise remains largely dormant and inactive. When it is inactive, host organizations use the LO’s human and other resources for their own gainful purposes. Resources for LO are thus organized in a quasi-permanent fashion, one that is rather latent until activated by an emergency. We further develop the construct of latency to explore how effective LO can be designed and facilitated. In addition, we develop a research agenda for future work in this area.
Perceived stress, psychological distress and serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels among infertile and fertile women in North-central Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Oyinkansola Islamiyat , Akinyemi Joshua Odunayo , Yusuff Jameelu-deen Omokunmi , Okunlola Micheal Abiola
Published: June 2020

Background

Previous studies reported that self-reported stress, stressful life events, and psychological distress influence ovarian ageing and response. However, there are limited, yet conflicting findings on the effect of stress and psychological distress on serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) as a biomarker of ovarian reserve, response, and ageing. This case-control study aimed to determine if stress and psychological distress levels were associated with serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels among 81 infertile and 109 fertile women of reproductive age attending the gynaecology and immunization clinics of a tertiary hospital in North-central Nigeria, respectively. Stress and psychological distress were measured using the Perceived Stress scale-10 and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10, respectively. The serum concentration of AMH was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

There was a significantly higher stress (p= 0.001) and psychological distress (p= 0.005) levels among infertile women; however, there was no difference in serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels between the two groups (p= 0.409). There was no significant correlation found between perceived stress and serum anti-Müllerian hormone in both infertile (r= 0.041,p= 0.719) and fertile (r= − 0.090,p= 0.353) women. There was also no correlation between psychological distress and serum anti-Müllerian hormone in the infertile (r= − 0.020,p= 0.860) and fertile (r= − 0.049,p= 0.636) groups. Controlling for age and body mass index in multivariate linear regression; stress and psychological distress were not significantly associated with serum anti-Müllerian hormone (B= − 0.005;p= 0.370 andB= − 0.001;p= 0.811).

Conclusion

Self-reported stress and psychological distress are not associated with serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels in infertile and fertile women of reproductive age. Also, ovarian ageing was accelerated in infertile women when compared to fertile women; however, this does not appear to be related to stress or psychological distress. More research is needed to understand factors that may contribute to this accelerated decline.
Intermodality agreement between TTE and low kVp ECG-gated MDCTA in diagnosis of complex CHD in pediatrics
Authors: Ali Susan Adil , Amin Darine Helmy , Khattab Rasha Tolba
Published: June 2020

Background

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is considered the primary diagnostic modality in congenital heart disease (CHD). However, it has limited role in evaluation of extra-cardiac major vessels abnormalities. Cardiac catheterization angiography is considered the gold standard investigation, yet, it is invasive. The aim of this study is to evaluate the agreement between TTE and low kVp ECG-gated cardiac multi-detector CT angiography (MDCTA) in detecting cardiac and extra-cardiac findings of complex congenital heart disease in a sample size of 36 patients (19 males and 17 females) with an age ranged between 30 days and 12 years (mean age 25.5 months). All cases were diagnosed to have complex CHD clinically and by TTE then referred to undergo cardiac low kVp ECG-gated MDCTA to confirm diagnosis and for better assessment of extra-cardiac major vessels abnormalities. Data derived from both modalities were then compared to calculate the inter-technique variability by using Cohen’s kappa statistics.

Results

TTE diagnosed 96% of intra-cardiac anomalies and only 54% of extra-cardiac major vessels anomalies detected by MDCTA, with variable degrees of intermodality agreement in detection different anomalies ranging between perfect agreement in diagnosing most of intra-cardiac lesions and very poor agreement in diagnosing extra-cardiac SVC anomalies.

Conclusion

Low kVp ECG-gated cardiac MDCTA is a rapid, non-invasive and reliable diagnostic modality in complex congenital heart diseases. It confirms TTE findings in intra-cardiac anomalies and significantly surpasses TTE reliability in diagnosis of extra-cardiac major vessels anomalies. So, it is indispensable as part of adequate preoperative assessment algorithm in cases of complex CHD and can't be replaced by TTE even with the later providing accurate assessment of intra-cardiac anomalies.
Misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Johnson Joe , Morris Sarah , George Sanju
Published: June 2020

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a persistent, pervasive disorder characterised by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Although traditionally considered a disorder of childhood, symptoms and associated impairments persist into adulthood for a significant proportion of individuals. Untreated ADHD can have a number of adverse effects for both the individual and wider society. Despite this, ADHD in adults is often misdiagnosed or its diagnosis is ‘missed’ in general psychiatric settings and this article highlights some reasons for this.
A visual step-by-step guide for clinicians to use video consultations in mental health services: NHS examples of real-time practice in times of normal and pandemic healthcare delivery
Authors: Johns Gemma , Tan Jacinta , Burhouse Anna , Ogonovsky Mike , Rees Catrin , Ahuja Alka
Published: June 2020

Despite the increasingly widespread use of video consultations, there are very few documented descriptions of how to set up and implement video consultations in real-time practice. This step-by-step guide will describe the set-up process based on the authors’ experience of two real-time National Health Service (NHS) examples: a single health board use (delivered in normal time), and an All-Wales National Video Consultation Service roll-out (delivered during an emergency pandemic as part of the COVID-19 response). This paper provides a simple visual step-by-step guide for using telepsychiatry via the remote use of video consultations in mental health services, and outlines the mandatory steps to achieving a safe, successful and sustainable use of video consultations in the NHS by ensuring that video consultations fit into existing and new NHS workflow systems and adhere to legal and ethical guidelines.
Effect of Cancer on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Patient Data
Authors: Giannakoulis Vassilis G. , Papoutsi Eleni , Siempos Ilias I.
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE

Whether cancer is associated with worse prognosis among patients with COVID-19 is unknown. We aimed to quantify the effect (if any) of the presence as opposed to absence of cancer on important clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS

We systematically searched PubMed, medRxiv, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), and references of relevant articles up to April 27, 2020, to identify observational studies comparing patients with versus without cancer infected with COVID-19 and to report on mortality and/or need for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). We calculated pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs with a random-effects model. The meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020181531).

RESULTS

A total of 32 studies involving 46,499 patients (1,776 patients with cancer) with COVID-19 from Asia, Europe, and the United States were included. All-cause mortality was higher in patients with versus those without cancer (2,034 deaths; RR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.07; P < .0001; 8 studies with 37,807 patients). The need for ICU admission was also more likely in patients with versus without cancer (3,220 events; RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.87; P < .0001; 26 studies with 15,375 patients). However, in a prespecified subgroup analysis of patients > 65 years of age, all-cause mortality was comparable between those with versus without cancer (915 deaths; RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.41; P = .71; 8 studies with 5,438 patients).

CONCLUSION

The synthesized evidence suggests that cancer is associated with worse clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-19. However, elderly patients with cancer may not be at increased risk of death when infected with COVID-19. These findings may inform discussions of clinicians with patients about prognosis and may guide health policies.
Decidual glycodelin-A polarizes human monocytes into a decidual macrophage-like phenotype through Siglec-7
Authors: Vijayan Madhavi , Lee Cheuk-Lun , Wong Vera H. H. , Wang Xia , Bai Kungfeng , Wu Jian , Koistinen Hannu , Seppälä Markku , Lee Kai-Fai , Yeung William S. B. , Ng Ernest H. Y. , Chiu Philip C. N.
Published: June 2020

Decidual macrophages constitute 20–30% of the total leukocytes in the uterus of pregnant women, regulating the maternal immune tolerance and placenta development. Abnormal number or activities of decidual macrophages (dMs) are associated with fetal loss and pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia. Monocytes differentiate into dMs in a decidua-specific microenvironment. Despite their important roles in pregnancy, the exact factors that regulate the differentiation into dMs remain unclear. Glycodelin-A (PAEP, hereafter referred to as GdA) is a glycoprotein that is abundantly present in the decidua, and plays an important role in fetomaternal defense and placental development. It modulates the differentiation and activity of several immune cell types residing in the decidua. In this study, we demonstrated that GdA induces the differentiation of human monocytes into dM-like phenotypes in terms of transcriptome, cell surface marker expression, secretome, and regulation of trophoblast and endothelial cell functions. We found that Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7 (Siglec-7) mediates the binding and biological actions of GdA in a sialic acid-dependent manner. We, therefore, suggest that GdA, induces the polarization of monocytes into dMs to regulate fetomaternal tolerance and placental development.
Iliopsoas the Hidden Muscle: Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Lifshitz Liran , Bar Sela Shlomo , Gal Noga , Martin RobRoy , Fleitman Klar Michal
Published: June 2020

The iliopsoas is a deep muscle group which anatomically connects the spine to the lower limbs. It is composed of the iliacus, psoas major, and psoas minor muscles. The iliopsoas functions as the primary hip flexor. Because the iliopsoas is important for daily activities, including sports, impairments and pathology associated with this muscle group can cause significant limitations. Evaluating pathology associated with the iliopsoas muscle group can be challenging because the patient's complaints are often vague and difficult to discern from other hip problems. This article will review relevant anatomy, discuss common pathologies, present clinical based examination methods, and outline conservative treatment interventions focusing on manual therapy and active exercises.
Black blood vessel wall MRI to identify vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque in a non-stenotic intracranial vertebral artery as a cause of acute ischaemia
Authors: Udani Sundip Dhanvant , Bhogal Pervinder
Published: June 2020

Conventional neuroimaging techniques for investigating the cause of stroke are mainly centred on investigating luminal stenosis. The pathophysiology of intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) and stroke is complex and extends beyond just vessel narrowing. The concept of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, that can result in acute coronary syndromes, has been well described in the cardiac literature 1,2 although this concept is less well accepted among stroke physicians. We describe a case of a 61-year-old male with acute neurological sequelae from a non-stenotic atherosclerotic plaque of the intracranial vertebral artery. This case report describes the additional use of vessel wall MRI techniques to aid the radiologist in identifying such vulnerable lesions and therefore helping to tailor management and prevent further clinical deterioration.
Clinical trials in the pandemic age: What is fit for purpose?
Authors: Hartman Dan , Heaton Penny , Cammack Nick , Hudson Ian , Dolley Shawn , Netsi Elena , Norman Thea , Mundel Trevor
Published: June 2020

It is critical to ensure that COVID-19 studies provide clear and timely answers to the scientific questions that will guide us to scalable solutions for all global regions. Significant challenges in operationalizing trials include public policies for managing the pandemic, public health and clinical capacity, travel and migration, and availability of tests and infrastructure. These factors lead to spikes and troughs in patient count by location, disrupting the ability to predict when or if a trial will reach recruitment goals. The focus must also be on understanding how to provide equitable access to these interventions ensuring that interventions reach those who need them the most, be it patients in low resource settings or vulnerable groups.  We introduce a website to be used by The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and other funders of the COVID Therapeutics Accelerator that accept proposals for future clinical research. The portal enables evaluations of clinical study applications that focus on study qualities most likely to lead to informative outcomes and completed studies.
The problem of ill-treatment of children in modern Russian family
Authors: Besschetnova Oksana
Published: June 2020

The tutorial discusses one of the most urgent problems of modern childhood — family violence, its types, causes, main symptoms and behavioral responses, methods and technologies of providing social-psychological support based on modern domestic and foreign scientific research.
Addressed to students studying on undergraduate programs in areas of training 39.03.02 Social work, 44.03.02 "Psycho-pedagogical education", 44.03.05 "Pedagogical education", practicing social workers, social pedagogues, sociologists, psychologists, undergraduates, graduate students, and a wide range of people interested in the issues of family, parenthood, motherhood and childhood.
Chronic fatigue of nurses in view of the challenges of contemporary psychiatric care. Do temperament and work environment matter?
Authors: Sygit-Kowalkowska Ewa
Published: June 2020

Cel pracy

Celem niniejszej pracy była próba określenia stopnia zmęczenia przewlekłego w grupie pielęgniarek psychiatrycznych. Celem badań jest określenie zależności między warunkami środowiska pracy oraz temperamentem a zespołem przewlekłego zmęczenia w grupie pielęgniarek psychiatrycznych.

Metoda

Przebadano 85 pielęgniarek z ośrodków lecznictwa psychiatrycznego w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim. W pracy wykorzystano: Formalną Charakterystykę Zachowania – Kwestionariusz Temperamentu w wersji zrewidowanej FCZ-KT(R), Kwestionariusz Oceny Samopoczucia CIS20R, kwestionariusz osobowy dotyczący charakterystyk środowiska pracy.

Wyniki

W najliczniejszej grupie badanych stwierdzono występowanie zmęczenia przewlekłego na poziomie średnim (48,23% osób badanych), następnie na poziomie wysokim (47,05%). Wytrzymałość jako cecha temperamentu ma znaczenie dla analizowania różnic w stanie zmęczenia przewlekłego w grupie pielęgniarek psychiatrycznych. Relacje pielęgniarskie, sprzeczność poleceń oraz przepływ informacji stanowią znaczące predyktory ogólnego poziomu zmęczenia przewlekłego, kształtowania się poziomu zaburzeń koncentracji oraz pogorszenia aktywności.

Wnioski

Wyniki wskazują na duże rozpowszechnienie zjawiska zmęczenia przewlekłego. Jego natężenie tworzy szczególny obraz kondycji psychofizycznej personelu w obliczu wyzwań współczesnej opieki psychiatrycznej. Znaczącą rolę w kształtowaniu się zmęczenia przewlekłego pielęgniarek psychiatrycznych mają czynniki związane ze środowiskiem pracy a odnoszące się do kwestii współpracy i komunikacji między pracownikami. Istnieje potrzeba dalszej eksploracji problematyki z uwagi na dostrzegalne problemy w strukturach organizacji opieki psychiatrycznej.
Academic Advising and the Community College Baccalaureate: Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
Authors: Martinez Edna , Elue Chinasa
Published: June 2020

An increasing number of community colleges have expanded their programmatic offerings to include baccalaureate degrees. In this national, mixed methods study, we examined how and to what extent the implementation of baccalaureate degree programs has impacted academic advising policies and practices across U.S. community colleges. Survey and interview data highlighted the reorganization of advising and adoption of various advising models as well as the need for collaborations, communication, and professional development. In addition to underscoring the overall complexities involved in establishing four-year degree programs at the community college, results from this study helped us illuminate implications for policy and planning as well as suggested areas for future research related to advising.
Faculty Advisor Perspectives of Academic Advising
Authors: Hart-Baldridge Elizabeth
Published: June 2020

A considerable body of research connects students' college experiences to their interactions with a faculty member. Quality academic advising is key to student success and the faculty advisor is a valuable piece of the advisor-student interaction. To ensure student success through academic advising, it is important for institutions to understand how they can best support faculty in their advisor roles. This qualitative study explored the experiences of eleven faculty members at a mid-sized, Midwestern public institution in their role of academic advisor. The findings suggest faculty consider their greatest advising responsibilities are to ensure students fulfill graduation requirements, explain graduate school and career exploration, teach students to navigate systems, and empower students. However, faculty advisors experience challenges navigating software, view academic advising as an isolated process, receive unclear expectations, and observe workload inequity. An awareness of these difficulties should impact how higher education administrators support faculty advisors and how they demonstrate their appreciation for the advising work faculty do.
Mindset Messaging: Fostering Student Support and Confidence through Micro-Messaging in Advisor Communication
Authors: Kyte Sarah Blanchard , Collins Elizabeth , Deil-Amen Regina
Published: June 2020

As academic advisors help students navigate academic challenges toward a degree, seemingly mundane interactions have the potential to shape students' beliefs about themselves and their abilities. This study examines whether subtle cues within messages from advisors may help students develop what Carol Dweck calls a growth mindset—the belief that ability is malleable through effort, strategy, and help-seeking—and lead to greater perceived support from advisors and student confidence. Drawing on focus groups and interviews with twenty undergraduate students at a large public university, this study offers empirical support for the positive impact that growth mindset language can have within advisor-student communication, as well as a set of practical recommendations for bringing these insights to day-to-day advising practice.
Malvinas: No Las Queramos Tanto
Authors: Palermo Vicente
Published: June 2020

RESUMENEl artículo tiene una doble función. Por un lado, informativo: pone en conocimiento del lector aspectos poco entendidos, aunque relevantes, de la cuestión de Malvinas/Falklands con respecto a la política exterior argentina en el contexto del marco jurídico-político internacional. Por otro lado, desarrolla una discusión más política y propositva que académica, basada en el análisis del desarrollo de la política exterior hasta hoy, proponiendo cambios sustanciales en esta materia.Palabras-clave: Malvinas; Falklans; Política exterior Argentina. RESUMOO artigo cumpre uma função dupla. Por um lado, informativa: põe em conhecimento do leitor aspectos pouco compreendidos, embora relevantes, da questão Malvinas/Falklands no que diz respeito à política externa argentina no contexto do arcabouço jurídico-político internacional. Por outro, desenvolve uma discussão mais política e propositiva que acadêmica, nos alicerces do análise do desenrolar da política externa até nossos dias, propondo mudanças substanciais nesta matéria.Palavras-chaves: Malvinas; Falklans; Política exterior Argentina.
‘Is it wise to open up America again now?’ Learning from government responses to COVID-19 and economy reopen points in three Asia-Pacific countries
Authors: Yu Jia , Pang Yulei
Published: June 2020

With the continuously increasing number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases, many health experts worried about the possibility of a ‘second wave’ outbreak, which might cause more deaths and hit economies even worse. This article looks at the experiences of fighting COVID-19 from three Asia-Pacific countries and discusses whether it is a wise decision to open up America again at this time.
The Process of Structure Sense of Group Prerequisite Material: A Case in Indonesian Context
Authors: Junarti Junarti , Sukestiyarno Y.L. , Mulyono Mulyono , Dwidayati Nur Karomah
Published: June 2020

This study was to support the understanding of the set structure, binary operations, and their properties as a prerequisite of group theory material categorized as 9 structure senses. This study aimed at investigating the process of students’ structure sense in recognizing the structure of mathematical properties or objects as a prerequisite of group theory material. A task-based case study by exploring 9 categories of structure senses through three integrated process frameworks in the questionnaire was employed in this study. It involved 26 students who had obtained a prerequisite of group theory material and would take abstract algebra course. The choice of subjects was determined based on the results of the questionnaire, in which it identifies the type of structure sense processes. There were 6 out of 26 subjects were chosen. The 6 subjects consisted of 2 subjects from the first path process, 2 subjects from the second path process, and 2 subjects from the third path process. Then, the 6 subjects were interviewed. The choice of 2 subjects for each path process was because it used a fixed comparison theory. Then, the data were validated by using triangulation methods by comparing the students’ work on assignments and questionnaires as well as audio recordings of interviews. The results show the tendency of the process of structure sense was more dominated by students from the second type of path process, in which the subjects still depend on the well-known structure of the properties or mathematical objects in the form of sample questions. The subjects were unable to understand definitions in order to construct structures of properties or mathematical objects.
Short Communication: Polymorphism of Fumarate Hydratase 1 (FUM1) gene associated with nitrogen uptake in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)
Authors: SMART PPB , ZULFIKAR ACHMAD TANJUNG  , WIDYARTINI MADE SUDANIA  , ANDREE SUNANJAYA KUSNANDAR  , ROBERDI  , PUJIANTO  , CONDRO UTOMO  , TONY LIWANG
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Maryanto SD, Tanjung ZA, Sudania WM, Kusnandar AS, Roberdi, Pujianto, Utomo C, Liwang T. 2020. Short Communication: Polymorphism of Fumarate Hydratase 1 (FUM1) gene associated with nitrogen uptake in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Biodiversitas 21: 2462-2466.  Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for oil palm vegetative growth and fruit development. Fumarase is known to participate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the mitochondrial matrix. The FUM gene is required for fumarate accumulation in leaves and necessary to enhance growth under low nitrogen condition. SNPs were obtained in oil palm FUM1 gene based on in silico analysis using local database. The SNP is further verified with Sanger sequencing and qPCR analysis. The genomic DNA of oil palm with high and low efficient to N based on phenotype characters was sequenced using Sanger method. The EgFUM1 gene was located in chromosome 14 and had two SNP positions located in 9.0711 cM and 9.0714 cM. Furthermore, four months oil palm seedlings from three progenies were treated with 30% (N-low) and 100% (control) dosages. Transcription level of EgFUM1 gene was measured using Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) method. The value of fold changes was significantly up-regulated (6.14-fold) on Progeny 1 (high efficient characters); 1.05-fold on Progeny 2 (medium efficient characters); and 1.08-fold on Progeny 3 (low moderate efficient characters) in the leaf. According the result, there was correlation between SNP and transcription level of EgFUM1 gene. Therefore SNP markers of EgFUM1 gene could be used in oil palm selection with potential N uptake efficiency.
The structure, composition, and threatened plants in The Kinarum Protected Forest, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Dodo Dodo , Hidayat Syamsul
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Dodo, Hidayat S. 2020. The structure, composition, and threatened plants in The Kinarum Protected Forest, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2603-2618. Kinarum Protected Forest (Kinarum PF) is one of the remaining tropical forest areas in Tabalong District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is feared that deforestation will occur in this forest due to various human activities. The research was conducted to determine the structure and composition of vegetation in Kinarum PF which several decades ago was once a forest concession area. This research also explored the existence of threatened, endemic, and protected plants. Research has been carried out using the track plot method. The total research area is 0.6 ha consisting of three transect lines with five plots measuring 20 x 20 m2 each transect. Data were analyzed with important value index (IVI), dominance index, species diversity index, and species abundance index. The results recorded 460 specimens belonging to 121 species, 86 genera, and 43 families. Most species are from the family Lauraceae followed by Moraceae and Rubiaceae. The results also recorded 42 species included in the IUCN red list plants, eight of which are classified as threatened plants, namely Aglaia angustifolia, Artocarpus tamaran, Dracontomelon costatum, Durio dulcis, Durio kutejensis, Eusideroxylon zwageri, Myristica magnifica, and Shorea guiso. These plants have an average IVI value less than 10% and the species abundance index is close to zero. In general, the forest condition is classified as moderate with a diversity index value at each growth stage in the range of values ​​1-3. However, IVI of each species, especially those belonging to the threatened, endemic, and protected plants are on average low.
Potential antagonistic rhizobacteria to control Colletotrichum scovillei, the cause of anthracnose disease in chili pepper
Authors: Suprapta Dewa Ngurah , Darmadi Anak Agung Ketut , Khalimi Khamdan
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Darmadi AAK, Suprapta DN, Khalimi K. 2020. Potential antagonistic rhizobacteria to control Colletotrichum scovillei, the cause of anthracnose disease in chili pepper. Biodiversitas 21: 2727-2734. Six species of Colletotrichum were identified as the cause of anthracnose disease on Bali Island, Indonesia in 2018. These species were C. scovillei, C. acutatum, C. nymphaeae, C. gloesporioides, C. truncatum, and C. fructicola. Among them, C. scovillei was the most prevalent at 55% of all samples tested. This study was conducted to find potential antagonistic rhizobacteria isolated from various rhizospheres of plants grown in Bali. A total of 1,040 rhizobacteria isolates were tested for their antagonistic activity against the growth of C. scovillei on potato dextrose agar. Results showed that 10 isolates inhibited the growth of C. scovillei by more than 80%. Among these isolates C1 and C7B possessed inhibitory activity at 94.9% and 94.3%, respectively. Molecular identification based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene showed that isolate C1 belonged to the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, whereas isolate C7B was identified as Bacillus siamensis. According to scanning electron serious damage on mycelia of C. scovillei was observed. Wrinkles were observed on mycelia of C. scovillei grown jointly with rhizobacterial isolate C1, whereas no wrinkle was observed on C. scovillei grown solely. Three compounds were detected in the hexane phase of cell-free filtrate P. polymyxa C1, namely, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and 2,3-butanediol. These compounds may be responsible for antifungal activity against C. scovillei.
Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of extract from two species of mosses: Leucobryum aduncum and Campylopus schmidii
Authors: Maria Masitho Makajanma  , Intan Taufik  , Ahmad Faizal
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Makajanma MM, Taufik I, Faizal A. 2020. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of extract from two species of mosses: Leucobryum aduncum and Campylopus schmidii. Biodiversitas 21: 1751-1758.  Plants produce a plethora of natural compounds of medicinal value. Although most plant-derived drugs have been identified in angiosperms, some species of mosses from the genera Leucobryum and Campylopus also exhibit antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two species of these genera, Leucobryum aduncum and Campylopus schmidii, that are common in Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Tangkuban Perahu, West Java. Plants were collected, dried, and extracted in n-hexane or methanol. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by determining the concentration of extract that resulted in 50% reduction of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) in the DPPH assay. These concentrations were >2000 mg/L for L. aduncum extracts and 1329.02 ± 7.8 mg/L for C. schmidii extracts; these large values are consistent with little antioxidant activity. Antibacterial activity was quantified as the ability of the extracts to inhibit the growth of the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Nonpolar extracts of L. aduncum inhibited the growth of E. coli >50% at a concentration of 32 mg extract/L. Based on combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the antibacterial activity in the non-polar extracts of L. aduncum was attributed to the lipophilic compounds 1-nonadecene, 5-eicosene, and cyclotetracosane. Thus, L. aduncum is a promising candidate as a source of new antibiotics.
Computational imaging modalities for multi-focal whole-slide imaging
systems
Authors: van der Graaff Leon , van Leenders Geert J. L. H. , Boyaval Fanny , Stallinga Sjoerd
Published: June 2020

Whole-slide imaging systems can generate full-color image data of
tissue slides efficiently, which are needed for digital pathology applications.
This paper focuses on a scanner architecture that is based on a
multi-line image sensor that is tilted with respect to the optical
axis, such that every line of the sensor scans the tissue slide at a
different focus level. This scanner platform is designed for imaging
with continuous autofocus and inherent color registration at a
throughput of the order of 400 MPx/s. Here, single-scan multi-focal
whole-slide imaging, enabled by this platform, is explored. In
particular, two computational imaging modalities based on multi-focal
image data are studied. First, 3D imaging of thick absorption stained
slides (

∼

60

µ

m

) is demonstrated in combination with
deconvolution to ameliorate the inherently weak contrast in
thick-tissue imaging. Second, quantitative phase tomography is
demonstrated on unstained tissue slides and on fluorescently stained
slides, revealing morphological features complementary to features
made visible with conventional absorption or fluorescence stains. For
both computational approaches simplified algorithms are proposed,
targeted for straightforward parallel processing implementation at

∼

G
P
x

/

s

throughputs.
A wide field-of-view, modular, high-density diffuse optical tomography system for minimally constrained three-dimensional functional neuroimaging
Authors: Zhao Hubin , Brigadoi Sabrina , Chitnis Danial , Vita Enrico De , Castellaro Marco , Powell Samuel , Everdell Nicholas L. , Cooper Robert J.
Published: June 2020

The ability to produce high-quality images of human brain function in any environment and during unconstrained movement of the subject has long been a goal of neuroimaging research. Diffuse optical tomography, which uses the intensity of back-scattered near-infrared light from multiple source-detector pairs to image changes in haemoglobin concentrations in the brain, is uniquely placed to achieve this goal. Here, we describe a new generation of modular, fibre-less, high-density diffuse optical tomography technology that provides exceptional sensitivity, a large dynamic range, a field-of-view sufficient to cover approximately one-third of the adult scalp, and also incorporates dedicated motion sensing into each module. Using in-vivo measures, we demonstrate a noise-equivalent power of 318 fW, and an effective dynamic range of 142 dB. We describe the application of this system to a novel somatomotor neuroimaging paradigm that involves subjects walking and texting on a smartphone. Our results demonstrate that wearable high-density diffuse optical tomography permits three-dimensional imaging of the human brain function during overt movement of the subject; images of somatomotor cortical activation can be obtained while subjects move in a relatively unconstrained manner, and these images are in good agreement with those obtained while the subjects remain stationary. The scalable nature of the technology we described here paves the way for the routine acquisition of high-quality, three-dimensional, whole-cortex diffuse optical tomography images of cerebral haemodynamics, both inside and outside of the laboratory environment, which has profound implications for neuroscience.
Vectorial physical-optics modeling of Fourier microscopy systems in nanooptics
Authors: Shi Rui , Janunts Norik , Hellmann Christian , Wyrowski Frank
Published: June 2020

Fourier microscopy, which makes direct observation of the angular distribution possible, is widely used in the nanooptics community. The theory of such systems is typically based on ideal lenses. However, the real lenses in the typical complex lens systems have an impact on the image quality in the experiment. Therefore, it is desirable to have a model of the entire system, which is capable of predicting such phenomena, in order to conduct a preliminary detailed analysis of the setup before building it in the lab. In this work, we perform a vectorial physical-optics simulation of Fourier microscopy systems, which considers the real lenses; it also includes the nanostructure (e.g., photonic crystal). The systems are used to image the emission diagram of a single molecule as well as to analyze the angular-spectral property of a photonic crystal. We analyze various effects of the entire systems, e.g., Fresnel effects of the real lens surfaces, diffraction, polarization, chromatic aberration, and the effects of misalignment. We find that the above-mentioned effects have an influence on the final results, which should be taken into account when performing similar real-life experiments.
Broadband metamaterial-based near-infrared absorber using an array of uniformly placed gold resonators
Authors: Patel Shobhit K. , Parmar Juveriya , Katrodiya Devang , Nguyen Truong Khang , Holdengreber Eldad , Dhasarathan Vigneswaran
Published: June 2020

Solar absorbers are designed for absorbing visible, infrared, and ultraviolet frequencies. Most of the absorbers designed so far have been for absorbing visible frequencies, and there is a strong need for designing infrared absorbers and ultraviolet absorbers. We present a broadband near-infrared absorber using metamaterial gold resonators. The gold resonators are uniformly placed over the

S
i

O

2

substrate in different patterns. All of these patterns’ solar absorbers are analyzed, and the results are presented in the form of reflection, transmission, absorption, electric field, permittivity, permeability, and refractive index. The parameter physical size is also varied, and results are observed in terms of reflection, absorption, and transmission. The optimized design is also obtained by analyzing all the design results. Comparative tables are also presented for all of these designs. The results are obtained for the near-infrared frequency range of 155 THz to 425 THz. The proposed uniform metamaterial absorber is applicable in photovoltaic applications and energy harvesting applications.
Influencia del pensamiento etnológico en la interpretación de Leroi-Gourhan del arte paleolítico
Authors: Palacio Pérez Eduardo , Moro Abadía Oscar
Published: June 2020

André Leroi-Gourhan participó en el proceso de modernización que experimentó la prehistoria francesa a mediados del siglo XX. En este contexto trabajó para construir una ciencia prehistórica interdisciplinar que quedara incluida dentro del campo epistemológico de la etnología. En este artículo indagamos en cómo afectó la aproximación que este investigador estableció entre prehistoria y etnología a su comprensión del arte paleolítico. Esta conexión se hace especialmente significativa en la influencia que su maestro, el etnólogo francés Marcel Mauss, tuvo en la conformación de su pensamiento sobre el comportamiento artístico, y en cómo André Leroi-Gourhan trasladó estas ideas al estudio y análisis del arte paleolítico. Adicionalmente discutimos la diferente acogida que tuvieron estas nuevas concepciones sobre el arte prehistórico en las tradiciones arqueológicas francesa, española y anglosajona. Por último, discutimos si la nueva perspectiva que introdujo Leroi-Gourhan del arte prehistórico desde nociones procedentes de la etnología puede explicarse a partir del concepto de interdisciplinariedad.
La prensa decimonónica y del siglo XX en la difusión del patrimonio arqueológico. ¿Relaciones interdisciplinares?
Authors: Zurinaga Fernández-Toribio Salomé
Published: June 2020

El presente trabajo traza un recorrido por la prensa escrita local y nacional de los siglos XIX y XX (hasta 1982), con una breve parada en las revistas ilustradas. Con el objetivo de conocer la evolución y asentamiento de la ciencia arqueológica y disciplina periodística, y distinguir si se puede hablar de relaciones interdisciplinares entre ambas. A través de unos casos, sin conexión alguna, cuyo único hilo conductor es el tratamiento de la difusión de la arqueología en los diarios. Algunos de estos periódicos locales, que abordaron cuestiones sobre la defensa y divulgación del patrimonio cultural, nos acercan a distintas localidades y lugares tan distintos como Granada, Sóller, Mérida, Nubia y Orce. Todos ellos cumpliendo su misión informativa sobre los nuevos hallazgos arqueológicos que tenían lugar, fueran de la magnitud que fueran, es decir, amplias campañas de excavación, hallazgos casuales o excavaciones sistemáticas.
Arqueología, Arquitectura e Historia del Arte altomedieval: Gómez-Moreno y el reto de la interdisciplinariedad en el Centro de Estudios Históricos
Authors: Martín Francisco José Moreno
Published: June 2020

Transcurrido un siglo desde la publicación de Iglesias Mozárabes (1919), obra fundamental para el conocimiento y la ordenación del arte altomedieval hispano, este artículo analiza de forma integral sus bases metodológicas e ideológicas a partir de la revisión de la figura de Gómez-Moreno en el Centro de Estudios Históricos. Nuestro planteamiento permite insertar este trabajo dentro de una perspectiva regeneracionista fundamentada, por un lado, en la renovación del método de análisis de los edificios históricos a partir de una incipiente interdisciplinaridad con enfoques procedentes de la arqueología y, por el otro, en la identificación de las raíces orientales de la cultura española desde la Prehistoria hasta la Edad Media
Derecho y arqueología en el siglo XIX: el primer estudio de las tablas de bronce de Malaca y Salpensa
Authors: Berlanga  Palomo María José
Published: June 2020

En este trabajo se aborda el primer estudio llevado a cabo en relación a uno de los descubrimientos más importantes en la Málaga decimonónica, dos tablas de bronce que contenían parte de las leyes municipales flavias de Malaca y Salpensa, respectivamente. El interés de su propietario, Jorge Loring, por conocer el contenido de sus textos va a motivar la incorporación de estudiosos ajenos al campo de las antigüedades, creándose una estrecha relación interdisciplinar entre materias, aparentemente tan distantes en aquel momento como el derecho y la arqueología. Este episodio será anterior al estudio, de gran éxito y alcance internacional, llevado a cabo por el jurista y epigrafista Manuel Rodríguez de Berlanga, cuya formación interdisciplinar le propiciará numerosos éxitos en el campo de la arqueología europea. Para ello, contamos con la información conservada en la Real Academia de la Historia, concretamente, con la correspondencia mantenida entre Ildefonso Marzo, correspondiente en Málaga y dicha institución, para recomponer la traducción y comentarios llevados a cabo por Miguel Téllez, abogado malagueño, como primer acercamiento interdisciplinar a ambos documentos epigráficos.
Hacia una historia de la interdisciplinariedad en la Arqueología española: introduciendo una nueva perspectiva
Authors: Díaz-Andreu García Margarita , Coltofean Laura
Published: June 2020

En este trabajo que introduce el dossier “Hacia una historia de la interdisciplinariedad en Arqueología”, coordinado por las mismas autoras, se define, en primer lugar, qué se entiende por interdisciplinariedad y otros conceptos afines como pluridisciplinariedad. Se realiza entonces un repaso diacrónico de cómo las relaciones interdisciplinares se han producido en la arqueología española desde el siglo XIX hasta la situación actual. Esta síntesis revela un cierto retraso inicial con respecto a otros países, pese a que desde el inicio sí que se encuentren especialistas en otras ramas del saber que aportan con su conocimiento especializado a la arqueología. Sin embargo, solo será en el siglo XX cuando se produzca una interdisciplinariedad estrictamente hablando, mientras que la progresiva aceptación de la valía de las contribuciones de otras ciencias lleva ya en estas últimas décadas a un énfasis no tanto de la interdisciplinariedad sino de la pluridisciplinariedad dentro de la propia arqueología en España.