bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of two large‐dimension Murillo's paintings by means of macro X‐ray fluorescence imaging, point X‐ray fluorescence analysis, and stratigraphic studies
Authors: Križnar Anabelle , Ager Francisco J. , Caliri Claudia , Romano Francesco Paolo , Respaldiza Miguel Ángel , Gómez‐Morón María Auxiliadora , Núñez Lourdes , Magdaleno Rocío
Published: December 2018

During the recent restoration of two large‐dimension paintings by Murillo, entitled “Miracle of the loaves and fishes” and “Moses and the water from the rock of Horeb,” several studies about the materials employed for their execution were carried out. Macro X‐ray fluorescence scanning technique was performed on both works complemented by point X‐ray fluorescence and stratigraphic analyses, in order to characterize the different components of the paintings (i.e., ground layer, pigments, and binders). The results allowed us to better elucidate Murillo painting technique and his creative process. Ground layer was prepared in the usual fashion of the artist, using earths, calcium carbonate, iron oxide pigments, and white lead. The polichromy is composed of lead white mixed with various pigments, depending on the colour tone to be obtained in the pictorial composition: Red and yellow ochres, vermilion, azurite, smalt, and lead‐tin yellow were the main pigments identified during our study. Finally, the presence of previous conservation treatments was evidenced by detecting pigments (zinc white, Prussian blue, etc.) not coeval with the artist palette.
Opening
Authors: Elleström Lars
Published: December 2018

This chapter provides a general introduction to the treatise. After a brief background sketch, some basic terminology concerning the field of transmedial narration is covered. This is followed by an overview of existing research in the area and declarations of the central research questions, aims, and goals of the investigation. Finally, an overview of the treatise is presented.
Defining Narration
Authors: Elleström Lars
Published: December 2018

This chapter concisely demarcates narration within the broad field of communication. The story, which should be understood as the scaffolding core of a narrative, is circumscribed as represented events that are temporally interrelated in a meaningful way. This definition is precise enough to be operable, yet general enough to work transmedially. After specifying a number of vital implications of the definition, these implications are elaborated in the context of some concepts in semiotics and cognitive science.
Correction to: Assessment of Capacity to Meet Lancet Commission on Global Surgery Indicators in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Anderson Jamie E. , Ndajiwo Aliyu Baba , Nuhu Susuti Aaron , Lawal Olubunmi Aiyedun , Amedu Joseph O. , Ameh Emmanuel A.
Published: December 2018

In the original article there is an error in Fig. 2. Following is the corrected figure:
Tramways in Urban Areas: An Overview on Safety at Road Intersections
Authors: Guerrieri Marco
Published: December 2018

Although the accident number involving trams is comparatively very limited to the total road accident number, the consequences of tram crashes are very serious, especially when pedestrians are run over. The new power supply technologies (e.g. catenary-free systems) allow to build tram networks, even in old town centres and pedestrian areas, with additional increased risk of pedestrian casualties. This will require specific design solutions and traffic regulations for road safety as described in this paper, with particular regard to vulnerable users (i.e. pedestrians and cyclists), especially near intersections and pedestrian crossings. Therefore, the research analyses the road accident rate and its evolution in the last 10 years with specific focus on Italian tramways. The main risk conditions and the strategies used worldwide to improve the safety of tramway system in the urban context are described. The main countermeasures to reduce accident risks are aimed at better warning road users of specific risk conditions. Other countermeasures are designed to install suitable facilities on road platforms for better informing users of tramway system, for limiting or temporarily prohibiting turning movements or manoeuvrings and for properly channelling pedestrian and vehicle flows with the purpose to avoid or reduce interference with trams.
Effects of Elevated Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations on the Response of Two Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Haplotypes to Glyphosate
Authors: Prince Candice M. , MacDonald Gregory E. , Erickson John E.
Published: December 2018

Common reed [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.], an aggressive invader in North American wetlands, is likely to undergo a range expansion as the climate changes. Increased atmospheric [CO2] and temperature have been shown to cause morphological and physiological changes in many species, sometimes altering the way they respond to herbicides. To understand how climate-related environmental parameters may impact P. australis management, we grew two P. australis haplotypes (the Gulf Coast type and the Eurasian type) under ambient (400 ppm CO2, 32/21 C) or elevated (650 ppm CO2, 35/24 C) climate conditions. After 6 wk, the Gulf Coast type had reduced leaf area, increased stomatal conductance, and increased transpiration under the elevated conditions. The Eurasian type had lower Vcmax (the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco) and lower Jmax (the maximum electron transport rate of RuBP regeneration) under elevated climate conditions. Results likely reflected a greater impact of higher temperatures rather than increased [CO2]. After the 6-wk period, plants were either treated with glyphosate (0.57 kg ae ha−1) or remained an untreated control. Data were collected 30 d after treatment (DAT) and 60 DAT to evaluate herbicide efficacy. Overall, the Gulf Coast type was less responsive to glyphosate applications under the elevated climate conditions than under current climate conditions. The lower leaf area of the Gulf Coast type in these climate conditions may have resulted in less herbicide interception and uptake. Glyphosate efficacy was less impacted by climate treatment for the Eurasian type than for the Gulf Coast type.
Glacier surges in the north-west West Kunlun Shan inferred from 1972 to 2017 Landsat imagery
Authors: CHUDLEY THOMAS R. , WILLIS IAN C.
Published: December 2018

The West Kunlun Shan lie close to, or are perhaps part of, two significant glaciological phenomena – the High Mountain Asia surge ‘supercluster’ and the Karakoram Anomaly. However, glaciological studies, and particularly surge studies, in the range are limited. Here, we extend the database of known surges in the region using Landsat imagery and cross-correlation feature tracking. We examine 88 glaciers larger than 1 km2in the Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang, China, and find evidence of nine surges occurring between 1972 and 2017. Glaciers display low active phase velocities (~0.2–1.5 km a−1) that show seasonal acceleration in the summer, active phase periods as short as 2 years, and build-up and deceleration phases of months--years. Although these observations display characteristics indicative of both the classic hydrological and thermal switch mechanisms, the surging observed displays a close resemblance to that in the adjacent Karakoram ranges. Furthermore, the majority of the surges occur clustered at the end of a decadal-scale warming period, corroborating previously proposed causal links between climate and surging in the Karakoram. We suggest that the two regions should be considered part of one larger system when considering surge dynamics in High Mountain Asia.
To amaze — the aspiration of all curators
Authors: McConnel Katie
Published: December 2018

Old Government House (OGH) is one of Queensland’s premier heritage buildings, and is located within the Gardens Point campus of Queensland University of Technology (QUT). This 156-year-old building, now a house museum, offers a tangible link to Queensland’s early colonial life. The museum strives to present the stories of all who lived and worked here. Children generally do not visit historic houses willingly, and to address this OGH collaborated with Imaginary Theatre to develop an innovative and fun way to interpret and present the historical significance of the House to a younger audience. The result was a one-hour site-specific theatre performance, The Voice in the Walls — part game, part audio tour, part theatre. The key objective of the project was to create a visitor experience that captured the attention of nine- to twelve-year-olds by encouraging them to imagine an unfamiliar world and time while also conveying historical information. This article discusses the background to the development of the project, and its evolution from inspiration to practical reality.
Displaced persons in Queensland
Authors: Persian Jayne
Published: December 2018

This article examines the lived experience and recent commemorative efforts relating to the experience of displaced prsons who were sent to Queensland in the post-war period. 170,000 displaced persons — predominantly Central and Eastern Europeans — arrived in Australia between 1947 and 1952. They were sent to reception and training centres upon their arrival before commencing a two-year indentured labour contract. Memorialisation of these camps tends to present them as the founding places of the migrant experience in Australia; however, there has been very little historical work on displaced persons in Queensland, or on the Queensland migrant camps — Wacol, Enoggera, Stuart and Cairns. This article focuses on recent commemorative attempts surrounding the Stuart migrant camp in order to argue that, in relation to displaced persons, family and community memories drive commemorative activities.
Mass and internal-energy transports in strongly compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Authors: Yokoi N.
Published: December 2018

Turbulent mass and internal-energy transports in strongly compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence are investigated in the framework of the multiple-scale direct-interaction approximation, an analytical closure scheme for inhomogeneous turbulence at very high Reynolds numbers. Utilising the analytical representations for the turbulent mass and internal-energy fluxes and their transport coefficients, which are expressed in terms of the correlation and response functions, turbulence models for these fluxes are proposed. In addition to the usual gradient-diffusion transports, cross-diffusion transports mediated by the density variance and the transports along the mean magnetic field mediated by the compressional or dilatational turbulent cross-helicity (velocity–magnetic-field correlation coupled with compressive motions) are shown to arise. These compressibility effects are of fundamental importance since they provide deviations from the usual gradient-diffusion transports. Analogies of the dilatational cross-helicity effects to the magnetoacoustic waves are also argued.
‘A Day in the Life’: Nation-building the Republic of Ngô Đình Diệm, 26 October 1956, symbolically
Authors: ĐIỂU NGUYỄN THỊ
Published: December 2018

Most studies of Vietnam under the Diệm regime conceive it as a stepping stone of American nation-building efforts, citing Diệm's political approach as being influenced by modern, Western, and specifically American democratic concepts and by his associations with American advisers. Such studies assumed that the regime existed within this bubble, isolated from the past and from the society that it aimed to rule and shape. By contrast, this study contends that the regime was more deeply rooted in the enduring Vietnamese pre- and colonial history and in the post-1954 socio-political milieus, the defining components of which were intrinsically woven into the fabric of the Ngô nation. In its early years, the Republic of Vietnam (1955–63), led by the Ngô family and supporters, attempted to define itself as a nation incontestably heir to its pre-colonial past, while being increasingly conditioned by anti-communist and pro-Catholic patrimonialism. The 1956 commemoration of its 26 October National Day, the focus of the present analysis, provides insights into the values that essentially defined the Ngô’s nation—an entity far different from what its American godfathers had envisioned.
Thermal thresholds for seed germination in Mediterranean species are higher in mountain compared with lowland areas
Authors: Picciau Rosangela , Pritchard Hugh W. , Mattana Efisio , Bacchetta Gianluigi
Published: December 2018

Each taxon is characterized by a temperature range over which seed germination is possible and this may vary in space and time in relation to climate and ecological conditions. We used thermal modelling to test the hypothesis that thermal thresholds for seed germination can predict germination timing of Mediterranean species along an altitudinal and environmental gradient. Seeds of 18 species were collected in Sardinia from sea level to 1810 m above sea level, and germination tests were carried out at a range of constant (5 to 25°C) and alternating (25/10°C) temperatures. Different dormancy-breaking treatments [gibberellic acid (GA3), cold (C) and warm (W) stratifications and dry after ripening (DAR)] were applied. The annual pattern of soil temperatures was recorded using 24 data-loggers buried close to the study species. The logged soil temperatures distinguished ‘Mediterranean lowland’ from ‘Mediterranean mountain’ species. Although germination was >50% in untreated seeds of most species, GA3 had a positive effect in all species. C either inhibited or had a neutral effect on germination, W did not enhanced seed germination, while DAR had a positive effect only in species from coastal environments. The thermal time constant (S) for 50% germination ranged from 22 to 357°Cd (degree days) above base temperatures (Tb) of –9 to 9°C, depending on species and treatments. Mediterranean lowland species had lower Tb values compared with upland species. This study revealed significant differences in germination thresholds of Mediterranean lowland and mountain species in relation to Tb and S that probably have an impact on germination timing in the field and niche competitiveness.
ON TYPICALITY OF TRANSLATION FLOWS WHICH ARE DISJOINT WITH THEIR INVERSE
Authors: Berk Przemysław , Frączek Krzysztof , de la Rue Thierry
Published: December 2018

In this paper we prove that the set of translation structures for which the corresponding vertical translation flows are disjoint with its inverse contains a $G_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}$-dense subset in every non-hyperelliptic connected component of the moduli space ${\mathcal{M}}$. This is in contrast to hyperelliptic case, where for every translation structure the associated vertical flow is reversible, i.e., it is isomorphic to its inverse by an involution. To prove the main result, we study limits of the off-diagonal 3-joinings of special representations of vertical translation flows. Moreover, we construct a locally defined continuous embedding of the moduli space into the space of measure-preserving flows to obtain the $G_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}$-condition. Moreover, as a by-product we get that in every non-hyperelliptic connected component of the moduli space there is a dense subset of translation structures whose vertical flow is reversible.
Women Composers at the White House: The National League of American Pen Women and Phyllis Fergus's Advocacy for Women in American Music
Authors: WILSON KIMBER MARIAN
Published: December 2018

Women composers' concerts, arranged by Phyllis Fergus, were held for Eleanor Roosevelt at the White House in 1934 and 1936. They featured music by members of the National League of American Pen Women—an organization for writers, artists, and composers—and were part of a substantial agenda proposed by Fergus, its music director and later president, to achieve national recognition for its composer members. Drawing on Fergus's scrapbooks and documentation in the FDR Library and Pen Women's archives, this article explores the events that Fergus helped to organize, including concerts in Miami, Chautauqua, and Chicago, the latter played by members of the Women's Symphony Orchestra. White House appearances by Amy Beach helped emphasize the League's professional status, and the nationalistic tone of its publicity, urging audiences to “Buy American” during the Depression, worked to distract from age-old assertions of women's lack of creativity. However, the musicales for Roosevelt, who received the composers socially rather than as paid professionals, reinforced women's domestic position, and financial restraints limited most League programming to the genres typically associated with female composers. Despite its separation from a male mainstream, the NLAPW was nonetheless a significant force in promoting women's music in the 1930s.
Development and Evaluation of a Hole-Punch Applicator for Precision Application of Preemergence Herbicides in Plasticulture Production
Authors: Boyd Nathan S. , Schumann Arnold
Published: December 2018

Preemergence herbicides are typically applied by broadcasting to the top of raised beds before laying the plastic mulch in plasticulture production systems. Broadleaf and grass emergence is limited to transplant holes in the mulch. As a result, most herbicides are applied under the mulch in locations where weeds cannot emerge and herbicides are unnecessary. To reduce this excessive off-target application, a precision hole-punch sprayer was developed at the University of Florida for use in plasticulture production systems. The technology facilitates the application of herbicides during the hole-punch operation immediately before transplant. Application of napropamide andS-metolachlor in an application volume of 233 L ha−1of water using the precision hole-punch applicator had no effect on tomato and bell pepper growth and yield. Equipment accuracy ranged from 55% to 90%. Preemergence herbicide use was reduced by 88% to 92% with no reduction in weed control. The hole-punch applicator is an effective way to reduce PRE herbicide use in transplant vegetables grown using the plasticulture production system.
Influence of Formulation and Rate on Rice Tolerance to Early-Season Applications of Acetochlor
Authors: Fogleman Michael , Norsworthy Jason K. , Barber Tom , Gbur Edward
Published: December 2018

Acetochlor (WSSA Group 15) is a very-long-chain fatty acid–inhibiting herbicide used to control grass weed species in row crops and could potentially be effective when used in a rice herbicide program. A field study was conducted in 2016 and 2017 at four locations to determine the effects of acetochlor formulation and rate on rice tolerance. Overall, rice was more tolerant to the microencapsulated (ME) formulation of acetochlor than to the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation, likely because of the potential for immediate absorption of acetochlor from the EC formulation following rainfall. Differences in rainfall among experimental sites and years caused variation in acetochlor activation and influenced crop injury. In all environments, PRE applications of either formulation resulted in the greatest injury at 2 WAT (61%), while injury following delayed PRE (DPRE) or early POST (EPOST) applications averaged 30% and 16%, respectively. When ME acetochlor was applied EPOST, rough rice yield was 97% of nontreated rice or 9,020 kg ha−1, indicating that applications should be delayed until this stage to minimize crop damage and maximize yield.
Diabetes and smoking are more important for prognosis of patients with peripheral arterial disease than some genetic polymorphisms
Authors: Boc Vinko , Božic Mijovski Mojca , Pohar Perme Maja , Blinc Ales
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Background: The role of genetic polymorphisms in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is incompletely understood. We tested whether selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with PAD and with adverse events in an observational study cohort. Also, the role of diabetes and smoking was studied. Patients and methods: 742 patients with PAD and 713 age- and gender-matched control subjects were subjected to yearly physical and laboratory investigations and were managed for 5 years according to the European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention. The occurrence of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke or critical limb ischemia (major events) and revascularization procedures (minor events) was recorded. In 655 patients with PAD and 612 control subjects the following SNPs were determined: rs1466408, rs13428968 and rs12803 of NR4A2 gene, rs10499563 of IL6 gene, rs668 and rs12953 of PECAM1 gene, and rs10861032 of Chr12 locus. Results: The distribution of selected SNPs did not differ between patients with PAD and control subjects, and neither between subjects with or without major adverse events. In contrast, diabetes and smoking affected survival and event-free survival. Among patients with PAD, diabetes doubled the hazard ratio (HR) for cardiovascular death and smoking doubled the HR for death or major event. The 5-year survival of diabetics with PAD was 0.80 (CI 0.75–0.85) and of non-diabetics with PAD 0.87 (CI 0.84–0.90), p = 0.045. The 5-year survival of active smokers with PA D was 0.80 (CI 0.75–0.62), of former smokers 0.83 (CI 0.79–0.88), and of never-smokers 0.89 (CI 0.86–0.93), p = 0.024. Conclusions: SNPs of NR4A2, IL6, PECAM1 and Chr12 were not associated with PAD or with major adverse events. However, diabetes and smoking were associated with worse survival and event-free survival in patients with PAD.
Hämochromatose – ungewohnte Aspekte einer Volkskrankheit
Authors: Jäckel Kristian , Knechtle Beat
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung. Im Rahmen dieser Fallserie wollen wir ungewöhnliche Aspekte einer in unseren Breitengraden häufig vorhandenen und insbesondere in Irland als Volkskrankheit zu bezeichnenden Erkrankung untersuchen. Ein Patient präsentierte sich mit beidseitigen Fingerarterienverschlüssen und ein zweiter mit Rippenfrakturen. Die Hämochromatose scheint nicht selten für eine Überraschung gut zu sein.
Seltene Komplikation einer häufigen Erkrankung: Schilddrüse und epileptische Anfälle
Authors: Cadus Cordula , Mehlig Annekathrin , Minder Anna
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung. Die Myxödemkrise ist eine lebensbedrohliche Komplikation einer nicht oder unzureichend behandelten Hypothyreose (Mortalität 20–25 %). Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt anhand der klassischen klinischen Präsentation verbunden mit dem laborchemischen Nachweis einer Hypothyreose. Neben supportiven Massnahmen und der Behandlung auslösender Faktoren soll die Therapie mit Levothyroxin (ggf. zusätzlich T3) aufgrund der hohen Mortalität rasch erfolgen, bis zum Ausschluss einer Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz mit begleitender Glukokortikoidsubstitution. Wir präsentieren den Fall einer Patientin mit Myxödemkrise bei Erstdiagnose einer Hypothyreose mit epileptischen Anfällen und schwerer Hyponatriämie.
Universities Can Lead the Way Supporting Engaged Geoscientists
Authors: Jefferson Anne , Kenney Melissa , Hill Tessa , Selin Noelle
Published: December 2018

Geoscientists want to engage communities and policy makers. Colleges and universities can help by embracing five core capacities.
Vegetation Response to Rising CO2 Impacts Extreme Temperatures
Authors: Lemordant Léo , Gentine Pierre
Published: December 2018

Extreme temperatures are responsible for damages to society and ecosystems. There is evidence that severe episodes of extreme heat have been occurring more frequently and more severely in recent periods. Driven primarily by oceanic and atmospheric effects as well as land‐climate feedbacks, those extreme events are expected to increase with climate change. Vegetation, which regulates the energy, water, and carbon cycles, is a key player of land‐atmosphere interactions that has been proven to be determinant in recent extreme events. Using an ensemble of Earth System Models simulations, we show that physiological effects globally increase the annual daily maximum temperature (Txx) with rising [CO2], accounting globally for around 13% of the full Txx trend. Due to physiological effects, Txx can reinforce (e.g., central Europe) or reduce (e.g., central North America) the mean temperature increase.
Predicting Sudden Stratospheric Warming 2018 and Its Climate Impacts With a Multimodel Ensemble
Authors: Karpechko Alexey Yu. , Charlton‐Perez Andrew , Balmaseda Magdalena , Tyrrell Nicholas , Vitart Frederic
Published: December 2018

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are significant source of enhanced subseasonal predictability, but whether this source is untapped in operational models remains an open question. Here we report on the prediction of the SSW on 12 February 2018, its dynamical precursors, and surface climate impacts by an ensemble of dynamical forecast models. The ensemble forecast from 1 February predicted 3 times increased odds of an SSW compared to climatology, although the lead time for SSW prediction varied among individual models. Errors in the forecast location of a Ural high and underestimated magnitude of upward wave activity flux reduced SSW forecast skill. Although the SSW's downward influence was not well forecasted, the observed northern Eurasia cold anomaly following SSW was predicted, albeit with a weaker magnitude, due to persistent tropospheric anomalies. The ensemble forecast from 8 February predicted the SSW, its subsequent downward influence, and a long‐lasting cold anomaly at the surface.
The Ocean's Skin Layer in the Tropics
Authors: Wurl Oliver , Landing William M. , Mustaffa Nur Ili Hamizah , Ribas‐Ribas Mariana , Witte Carson Riggs , Zappa Christopher J.
Published: December 2018

We provide a large data set on salinity anomalies in the ocean's skin layer together with temperature anomalies and meteorological forcing. We observed an average salinity anomaly of 0.40 ± 0.41 practical salinity unity (n = 23,743), and in 83% of the observations the salinity anomaly was positive; that is, the skin layer was more saline. Temperature anomalies determined by an infrared camera were −0.23 ± 0.28 °C (upper 20‐μm layer in reference to nominal 1‐mm depth) and slightly warmer with −0.19 ± 0.25 °C in an upper 80‐μm layer in reference to 1‐m depth. In 75% of the observations, our data confirmed the presence of a cooler skin layer. Light rain rates (<4 mm/hr) induced an immediate freshening by 0.25 practical salinity unit in the skin layer without any effect in the mixed layer at 1‐m depth. Vertical mixing by strong winds (12 m/s) masked freshening during a heavy rain fall (47 mm/hr) by the intrusion of saltier deeper waters, but a freshening was observed after the wind and rain calmed down. We computed density anomalies, which suggest that denser skin layers can remain afloat up to a density anomaly of 1.3 g/L, likely due to the interfacial tension between the skin layer and underlying bulk water. It implies that salinization by evaporation regulates buoyancy fluxes, a key process for the exchange of climate‐relevant gases and heat between the ocean and atmosphere.
Wildfire and Weather Radar: A Review
Authors: McCarthy Nicholas , Guyot Adrien , Dowdy Andrew , McGowan Hamish
Published: December 2018

Research in the pursuit of better understanding of fire behavior and fire‐atmosphere interaction has frequently encountered a dearth of observational data, especially from events that cause most impact. Here we show that meteorological radar has been demonstrated as an effective tool for profiling the microphysics, thermodynamics, and fire behavior feedback of wildfire plumes, including for cases with deep and moist convection occurring in the fire plume. A synthesis of knowledge on the use of radar for the analysis of wildfire is presented, and the new term pyrometeor is introduced to describe the range of scatterers observed by radar, the reflectivity signature of which is determined by interacting processes of wildfire behavior and atmospheric convection. The reflectivity theories of pyrometeors are compared, and it is shown that there are gaps in knowledge on the size distributions of pyrometeors as well as the complex dielectrics. Observational case studies are compared across plume microphysics, plume thermodynamics and deep pyroconvection, and operational usage of radar to monitor wildfire. The dominant hypothesis of reflectivity is scattering from ash particles, though theories for scattering such as from larger debris exist, although evidence is limited for any hypothesis. Vortices have also been identified using Doppler velocity radar data, but there is limited understanding of their cause and influence on fire‐atmosphere interactions. Recommendations are provided for methods and data sets to advance the application of radar for observing and understanding wildfires, including for plume microphysics and atmosphere‐fire interactions.
A Global Inventory of Ice‐Related Morphological Features on Dwarf Planet Ceres: Implications for the Evolution and Current State of the Cryosphere
Authors: Sizemore H. G. , Schmidt B. E. , Buczkowski D. A. , Sori M. M. , Castillo‐Rogez J. C. , Berman D. C. , Ahrens C. , Chilton H. T. , Hughson K. H. G. , Duarte K. , Otto K. A. , Bland M. T. , Neesemann A. , Scully J. E. C. , Crown D. A. , Mest S. C. , Williams D. A. , Platz T. , Schenk P. , Landis M. E. , Marchi S. , Schorghofer N. , Quick L. C. , Prettyman T. H. , De Sanctis M. C. , Nass A. , Thangjam G. , Nathues A. , Russell C. T. , Raymond C. A.
Published: December 2018

We present a comprehensive global catalog of the geomorphological features with clear or potential relevance to subsurface ice identified during the Dawn spacecraft's primary and first extended missions at Ceres. We define eight broad feature classes and describe analyses supporting their genetic links to subsurface ice. These classes include relaxed craters; central pit craters; large domes; small mounds; lobate landslides and ejecta; pitted materials; depressions and scarps; and fractures, grooves, and channels. Features in all classes are widely distributed on the dwarf planet, consistent with multiple lines of observational evidence that ice is a key component of Ceres' crust. Independent analyses of multiple feature types suggest rheological and compositional layering may be common in the upper ~10 km of the crust. Clustering of features indicates that ice concentration is heterogeneous on nearly all length scales, from ~1 km to hundreds of kilometers. Impacts are likely the key driver of heterogeneity, causing progressive devolatilization of the low latitude and midlatitude crust on billion‐year timescales but also producing localized enhancements in near surface ice content via excavation of deep ice‐rich material and possible facilitation of cryomagmatic and cryovolcanic activity. Impacts and landslides may be the dominant mechanism for ice loss on modern Ceres. Our analysis suggests specific locations where future high‐resolution imaging can be used to probe (1) current volatile loss rates and (2) the history of putative cryomagmatic and cryovolcanic features. The Cerean cryosphere and its unique morphology promise to be a rich subject of ongoing research for years to come.
Clinical Impact and Safety of Anticoagulants for Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis
Authors: Pettinari I. , Vukotic R. , Stefanescu H. , Pecorelli A. , Morelli Mc , Grigoras C. , Sparchez Z. , Andreone P. , Piscaglia F. ,   the BO-LIVES (BOlogna LIVEr vascular Studies)
Published: December 2018

Objectives:

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a frequent complication of cirrhosis. Benefit, safety, and duration of anticoagulant treatment in this setting are controversial issues. The aim of this study was to analyze the course of PVT in a large cohort of cirrhotic patients undergoing or not anticoagulation therapy.

Methods:

The data of 182 patients who presented between January 2008 and March 2016 with cirrhosis and PVT with at least 3 months of follow-up after the first PVT detection were analyzed. Eighty-one patients received anticoagulants and 101 were untreated per physician discretion.

Results:

The extension of the thrombosis decreased by >50% in 46 (56.8%, with complete recanalization in 31/46) patients under anticoagulation and in 26 (25.7%) untreated patients. Of the 46 patients who underwent recanalization, 17 (36%) suffered recurrent thrombosis after stopping anticoagulation therapy. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a higher survival rate in the treated group (p = 0.010). At multivariate analysis, anticoagulation was an independent factor associated with longer survival (HR:0.30, CI:0.10–0.91, p = 0.014). The Child–Turcotte–Pugh classes B/C negatively influenced survival (hazard ratio, (HR):3.09, confidence interval (CI):1.14–8.36, p = 0.027 for Child–Turcotte–Pugh B and HR:9.27, CI:2.67–32.23, p < 0.001 for Child–Turcotte–Pugh C). Bleeding complications occurred in 22 (21.8%) untreated and 16 (19.7%) treated patients, but in only four cases was it judged to be related to the anticoagulant treatment. No death was reported as a consequence of the bleeding events.

Conclusions:

Anticoagulant treatment is a safe and effective treatment leading to partial or complete recanalization of the portal venous system in 56.8% of cases, improving the survival of patients with cirrhosis and PVT. Discontinuation of the therapy is associated with a high rate of PVT recurrence.
High contribution of Rhizaria (Radiolaria) to vertical export in the California Current Ecosystem revealed by DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Gutierrez-Rodriguez Andres , Stukel Michael R , Lopes dos Santos Adriana , Biard Tristan , Scharek Renate , Vaulot Daniel , Landry Michael R , Not Fabrice
Published: December 2018

Passive sinking of particulate organic matter (POM) is the main mechanism through which the biological pump transports surface primary production to the ocean interior. However, the contribution and variability of different biological sources to vertical export is not fully understood. Here, we use DNA metabarcoding of the 18S rRNA gene and particle interceptor traps (PITs) to characterize the taxonomic composition of particles sinking out of the photic layer in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE), a productive system with high export potential. The PITs included formalin-fixed and ‘live’ traps to investigate eukaryotic communities involved in the export and remineralization of sinking particles. Sequences affiliated with Radiolaria dominated the eukaryotic assemblage in fixed traps (90%), with Dinophyta and Metazoa making minor contributions. The prominence of Radiolaria decreased drastically in live traps, possibly due to selective consumption by copepods, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, and phaeodarians that were heavily enriched in these traps. These patterns were consistent across the water masses surveyed extending from the coast to offshore, despite major differences in productivity and trophic structure of the epipelagic plankton community. Our findings identify Radiolaria as major actors in export fluxes in the CCE.
Mutant p53 as a guardian of the cancer cell
Authors: Mantovani Fiamma , Collavin Licio , Del Sal Giannino
Published: December 2018

Forty years of research have established that the p53 tumor suppressor provides a major barrier to neoplastic transformation and tumor progression by its unique ability to act as an extremely sensitive collector of stress inputs, and to coordinate a complex framework of diverse effector pathways and processes that protect cellular homeostasis and genome stability. Missense mutations in the TP53 gene are extremely widespread in human cancers and give rise to mutant p53 proteins that lose tumor suppressive activities, and some of which exert trans-dominant repression over the wild-type counterpart. Cancer cells acquire selective advantages by retaining mutant forms of the protein, which radically subvert the nature of the p53 pathway by promoting invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. In this review, we consider available evidence suggesting that mutant p53 proteins can favor cancer cell survival and tumor progression by acting as homeostatic factors that sense and protect cancer cells from transformation-related stress stimuli, including DNA lesions, oxidative and proteotoxic stress, metabolic inbalance, interaction with the tumor microenvironment, and the immune system. These activities of mutant p53 may explain cancer cell addiction to this particular oncogene, and their study may disclose tumor vulnerabilities and synthetic lethalities that could be exploited for hitting tumors bearing missense TP53 mutations.
Quantum majorization and a complete set of entropic conditions for quantum thermodynamics
Authors: Gour Gilad , Jennings David , Buscemi Francesco , Duan Runyao , Marvian Iman
Published: December 2018

What does it mean for one quantum process to be more disordered than another? Interestingly, this apparently abstract question arises naturally in a wide range of areas such as information theory, thermodynamics, quantum reference frames, and the resource theory of asymmetry. Here we use a quantum-mechanical generalization of majorization to develop a framework for answering this question, in terms of single-shot entropies, or equivalently, in terms of semi-definite programs. We also investigate some of the applications of this framework, and remarkably find that, in the context of quantum thermodynamics it provides the first complete set of necessary and sufficient conditions for arbitrary quantum state transformations under thermodynamic processes, which rigorously accounts for quantum-mechanical properties, such as coherence. Our framework of generalized thermal processes extends thermal operations, and is based on natural physical principles, namely, energy conservation, the existence of equilibrium states, and the requirement that quantum coherence be accounted for thermodynamically.
Myopathy associated BAG3 mutations lead to protein aggregation by stalling Hsp70 networks
Authors: Meister-Broekema Melanie , Freilich Rebecca , Jagadeesan Chandhuru , Rauch Jennifer N. , Bengoechea Rocio , Motley William W. , Kuiper E. F. Elsiena , Minoia Melania , Furtado Gabriel V. , van Waarde Maria A. W. H. , Bird Shawn J. , Rebelo Adriana , Zuchner Stephan , Pytel Peter , Scherer Steven S. , Morelli Federica F. , Carra Serena , Weihl Conrad C. , Bergink Steven , Gestwicki Jason E. , Kampinga Harm H.
Published: December 2018

BAG3 is a multi-domain hub that connects two classes of chaperones, small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) via two isoleucine-proline-valine (IPV) motifs and Hsp70 via a BAG domain. Mutations in either the IPV or BAG domain of BAG3 cause a dominant form of myopathy, characterized by protein aggregation in both skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues. Surprisingly, for both disease mutants, impaired chaperone binding is not sufficient to explain disease phenotypes. Recombinant mutants are correctly folded, show unaffected Hsp70 binding but are impaired in stimulating Hsp70-dependent client processing. As a consequence, the mutant BAG3 proteins become the node for a dominant gain of function causing aggregation of itself, Hsp70, Hsp70 clients and tiered interactors within the BAG3 interactome. Importantly, genetic and pharmaceutical interference with Hsp70 binding completely reverses stress-induced protein aggregation for both BAG3 mutations. Thus, the gain of function effects of BAG3 mutants act as Achilles heel of the HSP70 machinery.
Proteasomal degradation of NOD2 by NLRP12 in monocytes promotes bacterial tolerance and colonization by enteropathogens
Authors: Normand Sylvain , Waldschmitt Nadine , Neerincx Andreas , Martinez-Torres Ruben Julio , Chauvin Camille , Couturier-Maillard Aurélie , Boulard Olivier , Cobret Laetitia , Awad Fawaz , Huot Ludovic , Ribeiro-Ribeiro Andre , Lautz Katja , Ruez Richard , Delacre Myriam , Bondu Clovis , Guilliams Martin , Scott Charlotte , Segal Anthony , Amselem Serge , Hot David , Karabina Sonia , Bohn Erwin , Ryffel Bernhard , Poulin Lionel F. , Kufer Thomas A. , Chamaillard Mathias
Published: December 2018

Mutations in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 12 (NLRP12) cause recurrent episodes of serosal inflammation. Here we show that NLRP12 efficiently sequesters HSP90 and promotes K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of NOD2 in response to bacterial muramyl dipeptide (MDP). This interaction is mediated by the linker-region proximal to the nucleotide-binding domain of NLRP12. Consequently, the disease-causing NLRP12 R284X mutation fails to repress MDP-induced NF-κB and subsequent activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. While NLRP12 deficiency renders septic mice highly susceptible towards MDP, a sustained sensing of MDP through NOD2 is observed among monocytes lacking NLRP12. This loss of tolerance in monocytes results in greater colonization resistance towards Citrobacter rodentium. Our data show that this is a consequence of NOD2-dependent accumulation of inflammatory mononuclear cells that correlates with induction of interferon-stimulated genes. Our study unveils a relevant process of tolerance towards the gut microbiota that is exploited by an attaching/effacing enteric pathogen.
SOX9 regulated matrix proteins are increased in patients serum and correlate with severity of liver fibrosis
Authors: Athwal Varinder S. , Pritchett James , Martin Katherine , Llewellyn Jessica , Scott Jennifer , Harvey Emma , Zaitoun Abed M. , Mullan Aoibheann F. , Zeef Leo A. H. , Friedman Scott L. , Irving William L. , Hanley Neil A. , Guha Indra N. , Piper Hanley Karen
Published: December 2018

Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and resultant scar play a major role in the pathogenesis and progression of liver fibrosis. Identifying core regulators of ECM deposition may lead to urgently needed diagnostic and therapetic strategies for the disease. The transcription factor Sex determining region Y box 9 (SOX9) is actively involved in scar formation and its prevalence in patients with liver fibrosis predicts progression. In this study, transcriptomic approaches of Sox9-abrogated myofibroblasts identified >30% of genes regulated by SOX9 relate to the ECM. Further scrutiny of these data identified a panel of highly expressed ECM proteins, including Osteopontin (OPN), Osteoactivin (GPNMB), Fibronectin (FN1), Osteonectin (SPARC) and Vimentin (VIM) as SOX9 targets amenable to assay in patient serum. In vivo all SOX-regulated targets were increased in human disease and mouse models of fibrosis and decreased following Sox9-loss in mice with parenchymal and biliary fibrosis. In patient serum samples, SOX9-regulated ECM proteins were altered in response to fibrosis severity, whereas comparison with established clinical biomarkers demonstrated superiority for OPN and VIM at detecting early stages of fibrosis. These data support SOX9 in the mechanisms underlying fibrosis and highlight SOX9 and its downstream targets as new measures to stratify patients with liver fibrosis.
Syntactic and non-syntactic sources of interference by music on language processing
Authors: Fiveash Anna , McArthur Genevieve , Thompson William Forde
Published: December 2018

Music and language are complex hierarchical systems in which individual elements are systematically combined to form larger, syntactic structures. Suggestions that music and language share syntactic processing resources have relied on evidence that syntactic violations in music interfere with syntactic processing in language. However, syntactic violations may affect auditory processing in non-syntactic ways, accounting for reported interference effects. To investigate the factors contributing to interference effects, we assessed recall of visually presented sentences and word-lists when accompanied by background auditory stimuli differing in syntactic structure and auditory distraction: melodies without violations, scrambled melodies, melodies that alternate in timbre, and environmental sounds. In Experiment 1, one-timbre melodies interfered with sentence recall, and increasing both syntactic complexity and distraction by scrambling melodies increased this interference. In contrast, three-timbre melodies reduced interference on sentence recall, presumably because alternating instruments interrupted auditory streaming, reducing pressure on long-distance syntactic structure building. Experiment 2 confirmed that participants were better at discriminating syntactically coherent one-timbre melodies than three-timbre melodies. Together, these results illustrate that syntactic processing and auditory streaming interact to influence sentence recall, providing implications for theories of shared syntactic processing and auditory distraction.
Transcriptome profiling of human oocytes experiencing recurrent total fertilization failure
Authors: Suo Lun , Zhou Yu xiao , Jia Li ling , Wu Hai bo , Zheng Jin , Lyu Qi feng , Sun Li hua , Sun Han , Kuang Yan ping
Published: December 2018

There exist some patients who face recurrent total fertilization failure during assisted reproduction treatment, but the pathological mechanism underlying is elusive. Here, by using sc-RNA-seq method, the transcriptome profiles of ten abnormally fertilized zygotes were assessed, including five zygotes from one patient with recurrent Poly-PN zygotes, and five zygotes from a patient with pronuclear fusion failure. Four zygotes with three pronuclear (Tri-PN) were collected from four different patients as controls. After that, we identified 951 and 1697 significantly differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) in Poly-PN and PN arrest zygotes, respectively as compared with the control group. KEGG analyses indicated down regulated genes in the Poly-PN group included oocyte meiosis related genes, such as PPP2R1B, YWHAZ, MAD2L1, SPDYC, SKP1 and CDC27, together with genes associated with RNA processing, such as SF3B1, LOC645691, MAGOHB, PHF5A, PRPF18, DDX5, THOC1 and BAT1. In contrast, down regulated genes in the PN arrest group, included cell cycle genes, such as E2F4, DBF4, YWHAB, SKP2, CDC23, SMC3, CDC25A, CCND3, BUB1B, MDM2, CCNA2 and CDC7, together with homologous recombination related genes, such as NBN, XRCC3, SHFM1, RAD54B and RAD51. Thus, our work provides a better understanding of transcriptome profiles underlying RTFF, although it based on a limited number of patients.
Author Correction: A rapid and nondestructive protocol for whole-mount bone staining of small fish and Xenopus
Authors: Sakata-Haga Hiromi , Uchishiba Maimi , Shimada Hiroki , Tsukada Tsuyoshi , Mitani Mayumi , Arikawa Tomohiro , Shoji Hiroki , Hatta Toshihisa
Published: December 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Comparative shotgun metagenomic data of the silkworm Bombyx mori gut microbiome
Authors: Chen Bosheng , Yu Ting , Xie Sen , Du Kaiqian , Liang Xili , Lan Yahua , Sun Chao , Lu Xingmeng , Shao Yongqi
Published: December 2018

Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) is a major insect order including important pollinators and agricultural pests, however their microbiomes are little studied. Here, using next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based shotgun metagenomics, we characterize both the biodiversity and functional potential of gut microbiota of a lepidopteran model insect, the silkworm Bombyx mori. Two metagenomes, including the standard inbred strain Dazao (P50) and an improved hybrid strain Qiufeng × Baiyu (QB) widely used in commercial silk production, were generated, containing 45,505,084 and 69,127,002 raw reads, respectively. Taxonomic analysis revealed that a total of 663 bacterial species were identified in P50 silkworms, while 322 unique species in QB silkworms. Notably, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter and Enterococcus were dominated in both strains. The further functional annotation was performed by both BlastP and MG-RAST against various databases including Nr, COG, KEGG, CAZy and SignalP, which revealed >5 × 106 protein-coding genes. These datasets not only provide first insights into all bacterial genes in silkworm guts, but also help to generate hypotheses for subsequently testing functional traits of gut microbiota in an important insect group.