bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CEEMDAN-LWT De-Noising Method for Pipe-Jacking Inertial Guidance System Based on Fiber Optic Gyroscope
Authors: Zu Yutong , Wang Lu , Hu Yuanbiao , Yang Gansheng
Published: February 2024

An inertial guidance system based on a fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is an effective way to guide long-distance curved pipe jacking. However, environmental disturbances such as vibration, electromagnetism, and temperature will cause the FOG signal to generate significant random noise. The random noise will overwhelm the effective signal. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the random noise. This study proposes a hybrid de-noising method, namely complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN)—lifting wavelet transform (LWT). Firstly, the FOG signal is extracted using a sliding window and decomposed by CEEMDAN to obtain the intrinsic modal function (IMF) with N different scales and one residual. Subsequently, the effective IMF components are selected according to the correlation coefficient between the IMF components and the FOG signal. Due to the low resolution of the CEEMDAN method for high-frequency components, the selected high-frequency IMF components are decomposed with lifting wavelet transform to increase the resolution of the signal. The detailed signals of the LWT decomposition are de-noised using the soft threshold de-noising method, and then the signal is reconstructed. Finally, pipe-jacking dynamic and environmental interference experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the CEEMDAN-LWT de-noising method. The de-noising effect of the proposed method was evaluated by SNR, RMSE, and Deviation and compared with the CEEMDAN and LWT de-noising methods. The results show that the CEEMDAN-LWT de-noising method has the best de-noising effect with good adaptivity and high accuracy. The navigation results of the pipe-jacking attitude before and after de-noising were compared and analyzed in the environmental interference experiment. The results show that the absolute error of the pipe-jacking pitch, roll, and heading angles is reduced by 39.86%, 59.45%, and 14.29% after de-noising. The maximum relative error of the pitch angle is improved from −0.74% to −0.44%, the roll angle is improved from 2.07% to 0.79%, and the heading angle is improved from −0.07% to −0.06%. Therefore, the CEEMDAN-LWT method can effectively suppress the random errors of the FOG signal caused by the environment and improve the measurement accuracy of the pipe-jacking attitude.
Double-Branch Multi-Scale Contextual Network: A Model for Multi-Scale Street Tree Segmentation in High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Zhang Hongyang , Liu Shuo
Published: February 2024

Street trees are of great importance to urban green spaces. Quick and accurate segmentation of street trees from high-resolution remote sensing images is of great significance in urban green space management. However, traditional segmentation methods can easily miss some targets because of the different sizes of street trees. To solve this problem, we propose the Double-Branch Multi-Scale Contextual Network (DB-MSC Net), which has two branches and a Multi-Scale Contextual (MSC) block in the encoder. The MSC block combines parallel dilated convolutional layers and transformer blocks to enhance the network’s multi-scale feature extraction ability. A channel attention mechanism (CAM) is added to the decoder to assign weights to features from RGB images and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). We proposed a benchmark dataset to test the improvement of our network. Experimental research showed that the DB-MSC Net demonstrated good performance compared with typical methods like Unet, HRnet, SETR and recent methods. The overall accuracy (OA) was improved by at least 0.16% and the mean intersection over union was improved by at least 1.13%. The model’s segmentation accuracy meets the requirements of urban green space management.
Rethinking Attention Mechanisms in Vision Transformers with Graph Structures
Authors: Kim Hyeongjin , Ko Byoung Chul
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we propose a new type of vision transformer (ViT) based on graph head attention (GHA). Because the multi-head attention (MHA) of a pure ViT requires multiple parameters and tends to lose the locality of an image, we replaced MHA with GHA by applying a graph to the attention head of the transformer. Consequently, the proposed GHA maintains both the locality and globality of the input patches and guarantees the diversity of the attention. The proposed GHA-ViT commonly outperforms pure ViT-based models using small-sized CIFAR-10/100, MNIST, and MNIST-F datasets and a medium-sized ImageNet-1K dataset in scratch training. A Top-1 accuracy of 81.7% was achieved for ImageNet-1K using GHA-B, which is a base model with approximately 29 M parameters. In addition, with CIFAR-10/100, the existing ViT and parameters are reduced 17-fold and the performance increased by 0.4/4.3%, respectively. The proposed GHA-ViT shows promising results in terms of the number of parameters and operations and the level of accuracy in comparison with other state-of-the-art ViT-lightweight models.
Transformational Leadership Qualities of Effective Grassroots Refugee-Led Organizations
Authors: Judson Eugene , Hailu Meseret F. , Chhetri Nalini
Published: February 2024

This qualitative study investigates the behaviors and strategies of effective leadership teams within ethnic community-based organizations (ECBOs) operating in the United States that consist of leaders who are themselves former refugees. Through analysis of four focus group interviews, each with three to five leaders from local Bhutanese, Burundian, Congolese, and Syrian communities, we identified ways in which these leaders exhibit transformational leadership behaviors proposed by established frameworks. Results reveal that effective ECBO leaders exhibit strong transformational leadership qualities, such as empowering community members, modeling behavior, and projecting a community vision. The study emphasizes the unique context of ECBOs and their leaders, showcasing their thoughtfulness, competency, and profound awareness of community members’ backgrounds. The implications include recognizing and valuing the skills of ECBO leaders and considering formal support mechanisms. This study contributes insights into the leadership exhibited within local community organizations serving refugee populations—enhancing our understanding of quality leadership among grassroots refugee organizations.
Evaluation of Household Water Treatment Technologies for Cholera Eradication in Sub-Saharan Africa: Epidemiological and Economic Perspectives
Authors: Eruaga Michael Damilola , Davis Kyle Frankel
Published: February 2024

Cholera has been a global pandemic in past centuries, and its persistent emergence and spread pose a significant public health challenge globally. Despite efforts to contain the disease, recurrent cholera outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa remain a major health threat. This has attracted substantial research interest, raising questions about the effectiveness of prevention and control methods of cholera spread in sub-Saharan Africa. Addressing this health challenge by adopting a sustainable, convenient, and cost-effective intervention will improve the health, well-being, and productivity of vulnerable populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Household-level solutions, which are characterized by relatively low-cost and independence from potentially insufficient public water supply infrastructure were examined to determine their effectiveness in reducing the incidence of cholera if widely adopted across the continent. We perform a mixed-methods retrospective analysis on the Cholera epidemic data obtained from 2010 to 2016 in sub-Saharan Africa. Using an empirical epidemiological model, we estimate the performance efficacy of a suite of household water treatment (HWT) technologies. We also develop economic estimations to perform benefit–cost analyses to determine the cost effectiveness, convenience of use and durability of these products. We find that—if universally adopted—the HWT technologies evaluated here offer comparable and effective microbiological potential for eradicating cholera disease in sub-Saharan Africa but are potentially not affordable for low-income households that reside in cholera hotspots. As such, household subsidies are necessary in lowering barriers to economic access to these products. This finding provides substantial insights on the efficacy and affordability of these household water treatment technologies—insights which can inform stakeholder decisions on the applicability of this intervention in eradicating cholera.
Spatial Justice of Urban Park Green Space under Multiple Travel Modes and at Multiple Scales: A Case Study of Qingdao City Center, China
Authors: Li Shimei , Zeng Xueyan , Zhang Xiaoguang , Jiang Jiancheng , Wang Furong , Zhang Tianci , Zhang Jiacheng
Published: February 2024

Improving the justice of public parks is of great significance to the well-being of residents, and it is also an important goal of green space planning. In this paper, the spatial justice of park green space under five travel modes and at three scales was analyzed using the travel-behavior-based Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method (TB-G2SFCA) and Gini coefficient method for Qingdao City Center. The main results are as follows: Under walking mode, walking–bus mode, and walking–subway mode, there were unserved areas in terms of urban park green space, while there were no unserved areas in the cases of cycling and driving. Residents’ choice of travel time and travel mode would affect the service scope of the park green space, and the increase in travel time would reduce the unserved areas in the urban park green space. The choice of travel time and travel mode affected the accessibility of urban park green space for residents in each residential patch, as well as the justice of the distribution of park green space resources at the scales of street blocks, districts, and the whole study area. The increase in residents’ travel speed and travel time could promote the equitable allocation of urban park green space to a certain extent. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the planning and construction of urban park green space in Qingdao City.
Public–Private Partnership (PPP) in Road Infrastructure Projects: A Review of Evolution, Approaches, and Prospects
Authors: Esperilla-Niño-de-Guzmán Yorela Yenifer , Baeza-Muñoz María de los Ángeles , Gálvez-Sánchez Francisco Jesús , Molina-Moreno Valentín
Published: February 2024

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are a widely used procurement method for constructing, maintaining, and operating roads, constituting an alternative to the traditional public works model (TPW). This is because the efficiency of the PPP model has been highlighted over the TPW model. This study carried out a bibliometric analysis of 734 public articles from Scopus on PPPs in road infrastructure projects between 1993 and 2022. The results allow us to identify the general characteristics of the research; the most relevant articles; the most productive journals; and the most prolific authors, institutions, and countries and their main international cooperation networks, as well as to detect the main current research topics, which are: financial management, costs and pricing systems, privatization of transport infrastructure services, and sustainability. Consequently, this study provides a comprehensive overview of research on PPPs in road infrastructure projects over the last 30 years. This can reinforce and complement previous bibliometric analyses on PPPs in road infrastructure projects.
Digitalization’s Effect on Chinese Employment Mechanism Study
Authors: Zhao Peng , Tang Fangcheng
Published: February 2024

The influence of the digital revolution on the labor market is undeniably profound. While much of the existing research has concentrated on the role of digitalization in boosting employment rates, its impact on the long-term sustainability of employment remains largely unexplored. In the context of prevailing uncertainties, the imperative to bolster employment resilience through digitalization becomes increasingly apparent. This study aims to bridge the existing gap by introducing an innovative analytical framework that integrates digitalization, enterprise resilience (ER), and sustainable employment (SE). Focusing on publicly listed companies within China’s manufacturing sector, the research employs fixed effects models and mediation analysis to intricately explore the interactions among these variables. The investigation yields several pivotal insights: (1) digitalization has a significantly positive impact on sustainable employment; (2) enterprise resilience acts as a positive mediator in the relationship between digitalization and sustainable employment; (3) through heterogeneity analysis, it is demonstrated that digitalization plays a more pronounced role in bolstering employment stability in non-high-tech industries and companies exhibiting superior financial health in the eastern region. These findings offer critical perspectives for informing government policy and devising corporate strategies that capitalize on digitalization and enhance enterprise resilience, thereby promoting more sustainable employment trajectories.
Impact of National Innovative City Policy on Enterprise Green Technology Innovation—Mediation Role of Innovation Environment and R&D Investment
Authors: Cui Zetian , Ning Yancheng , Song Jia , Yang Jun
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the impact of the national innovative city policy on enterprise green technology innovation amid China’s transformation from a resource-dependent to an innovation-driven economy. Working on city- and enterprise-level data from 2003 to 2018, this study employs the multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model and the Sobel test to explore the impact of innovative city policies. The empirical results demonstrate that the innovative city policy has improved both the quantity and quality of enterprises’ green technology innovation output. This positive impact is accomplished via improving the urban innovation environment and stimulating enterprise research and development (R&D) investment. The promoting effect of the policy is stronger in attaining green utility patents by state-owned enterprises and green invention patents by non-state-owned enterprises. The positive policy impact is more pronounced for large enterprises. This study provides micro-level evidence regarding the policy’s impact on green innovation, and the results carry valuable policy implications.
Identifying Different Semantic Features of Public Engagement with Climate Change NGOs Using Semantic Network Analysis
Authors: Kim Eugene , Hara Noriko
Published: February 2024

Social media platforms have revolutionized the engagement between climate non-governmental organizations (hereafter, NGOs) and their publics on climate issues. This research diverges from the traditional use of metrics like retweets and likes as simple indicators of identical success in ‘one-way’ climate communication. Instead, it underscores ‘two-way’ interactions and their connections that may vary by specific public engagement features, such as popularity, commitment, and virality. Using semantic network analysis, we analyzed tweets and replies between high-engagement NGOs and their publics, identifying communication patterns tied to particular types of public engagement. Additionally, we investigated shared meanings in these interactions with semantic similarity metrics and assessed sentiment alignment between NGOs and their publics as potential indicators of public engagement. Our findings suggest that climate NGOs should select resonating topics, ensuring their sentiments align with those of their publics. It’s also essential to tailor topics and focus points in climate communication strategies to reflect desired types of public engagement. This study offers insights into optimizing communication and engagement strategies for climate NGOs on social media.
Intercropped Maize and Cowpea Increased the Land Equivalent Ratio and Enhanced Crop Access to More Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compared to Cultivation as Sole Crops
Authors: Dimande Paulo , Arrobas Margarida , Rodrigues Manuel Ângelo
Published: February 2024

Sub-Saharan African smallholder farmers face challenges due to limited access to commercial fertilizers, affecting food security. Exploring the benefits of intercropping is promising, but evaluating crop performance in specific agroecological contexts is crucial. This study in Vilankulo, Mozambique, conducted over two growth seasons (2018 and 2019), aimed to assess the benefits of intercropping maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L., Walp) (M+C) compared to maize (M) and cowpea (C) as sole crops. Key variables for comparison included dry matter yield (DMY), land equivalent ratio (LER), competitive ratio (CR), tissue nutrient concentration, nutrient recovery, and apparent N fixation (ANF). This study also examined the effects on cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), cultivated as a succeeding crop, and soil properties. In 2018, maize plants were severely affected by drought and did not produce grain. This year, cowpea grain yields were 2.26 and 1.35 t ha−1 when grown as sole crop or intercropped. In 2019, maize grain yield was 6.75 t ha−1 when intercropped, compared to 5.52 t ha−1 as a sole crop. Cowpea grain yield was lower when intercropped (1.51 vs. 2.25 t ha−1). LER values exceeded 1 (1.91 and 1.53 for grain and straw in 2019), indicating improved performance in intercropping compared to sole crops. In 2019, CR was 1.96 for maize grain and 0.58 for cowpea grain, highlighting the higher competitiveness of maize over cowpea. Cowpea exhibited higher average leaf nitrogen (N) concentration (25.4 and 37.6 g kg−1 in 2018 and 2019, respectively) than maize (13.0 and 23.7 g kg−1), attributed to its leguminous nature with access to atmospheric N, benefiting the growth of maize in intercropping and cabbage cultivated as a succeeding crop. Cowpea also appears to have contributed to enhanced phosphorus (P) absorption, possibly due to access to sparingly soluble P forms. In 2019, ANF in M+C was 102.5 kg ha−1, over 4-fold higher than in C (25.0 g kg−1), suggesting maize accessed more N than could cowpea provide, possibly through association with endophytic diazotrophs commonly found in tropical grasses.
Lithium in Greek Coal Fly Ashes: Contents and Characterization by Sequential Extraction
Authors: Pentari Despina , Vlachaki Eleftheria , Fazaki Maria Evangelia , Stratakis Antonios
Published: February 2024

Lithium belongs to the critical elements and is used in a variety of high-tech applications. In the context of the circular economy, demand has arisen for technologies that are able to recover high-tech metals from wastes and byproducts. To achieve efficient recovery, apart from assessing metal enrichment, extensive knowledge of metal binding and leaching characteristics is required. The aim of the present study is to investigate the Li contents and mode of occurrence in Greek coal fly ashes. Eight coal fly ashes from different power plants in Greece were collected, and their major constituents were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF); their mineralogy was studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and their Li content was determined by ICP–MS. To identify Li binding and leaching characteristics, two sequential extraction methods (Tessier and BCR) were employed. The results showed that the Li content in the samples studied was between 95 and 256 μg/g and could be mainly attributed to the amorphous material encountered in the samples. The sequential extraction experiments revealed that 70–90% of Li is included in the residual fraction, indicating that it is strongly bound to the fly ash matrix.
Ecological Restoration of Habitats Based on Avian Diversity and Landscape Patterns—A Case Study of Haining Mining Pit Park in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Shi Yu , Fan Xiaoxiao , Ding Xiaoying , Sun Meiqi
Published: February 2024

The development of the mining park has impacted the richness of bird diversity. Coordinating the harmonious coexistence of humans and birds is a core issue for the sustainable development of the mining park. This study aims to investigate the relationship between landscape patterns and bird diversity and propose ecological restoration strategies for the mining park. Through field surveys and fixed-transect methods, the existing dominant bird species in the mining park were surveyed. The Shannon index was used to analyze the level of bird diversity in the mining park. A site plan of the mining park was drawn, and ArcGIS 10.8 and Fragstats 4.2 software were used to statistically analyze the landscape patterns of the mining park. The results of the two data sets were compared and analyzed to determine the relationship between landscape patterns and bird diversity. A total of eight landscape types were identified, and diversity indices, including the H (Shannon diversity index), F (species richness index), G (genus richness index), and G-F indices, were calculated. Existing issues in the site include diverse aquatic landscape types but poor connectivity, heterogeneous rocky landscape, bird habitat degradation, and frequent human interference. Proposed solutions include building ecological floating islands (habitat-type floating islands, restoration-type floating islands) to connect patches; comprehensive restoration combining full and partial restoration to restore bird habitats and increase vegetation coverage of rocky patches; low human interference design through ecological protection control zones, landscape functional zones, and park road design to create an environment for bird habitats and a mining park landscape suitable for leisure recreation, creating a new home for cohabitation between humans and birds. The research results indicate that landscape pattern diversity, heterogeneity, fragmentation, and human interference affect the richness of bird diversity. Ecological restoration, plant cultivation, and zoning planning can transform the site, enhance the landscape, and provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the creation of habitats for similar bird species.
Method for and Analysis of Early-Stage Firm Growth Patterns Using World Bank Data
Authors: Estrada-Lavilla Raúl , Ruiz-Navarro José
Published: February 2024

Venture growth and entrepreneurial activity impact aspects of modern societies, such as wealth creation, employment, and innovation, and also potentially influence sustainable development, a key focus in the social sciences. The study of firms has benefitted from solid theoretical foundations dating back to Edith Penrose’s The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. Yet, early-stage firms, as one of the fastest-growing types of firms, continue to be poorly understood. Therefore, we focus our analysis on the specificities of the growth patterns of new firms. Our contribution to the literature is to derive an empirically based set of growth patterns observed among early-stage firms that can be used for theory testing and in proofs. Our analysis, grounded in data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES) encompassing over 140,000 entries, provides insights into growth patterns in early-stage firms, indirectly indicating potential intersections with sustainable business practices related, for example, to management team experience. More importantly, to make our research applicable to current real-world decisions, we evaluate the predictive capacity of these growth patterns and provide a series of conclusions that could help practitioners better evaluate the growth potential of early-stage firms.
Organocatalytic Conjugate Hydroazidation and Hydrocyanation: A Metal-Free Approach to Synthetically Versatile Chiral Building Blocks
Authors: Schettini Rosaria , Della Sala Giorgio
Published: February 2024

Chiral β-azido- and β-cyanocarbonyl compounds are extremely useful building blocks in asymmetric synthesis, thanks to the manyfold reactivity of their functional groups. The enantioselective synthesis of such compounds, until the beginning of the 21st century, has been mostly achieved using transition-metal chiral catalysts. The explosion of enantioselective organocatalysis, however, has enabled the development of efficient metal-free methodologies with significant benefits in terms of costs and environmental safety. An overview of the advances made in recent years in this field is herein presented.
An Adaptive Two-Class Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization for Energy-Efficient Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling Problems with Additional Resources
Authors: Lei Deming , Zhang Jiawei , Liu Hongli
Published: February 2024

Energy-efficient scheduling problems with additional resources are seldom studied in hybrid flow shops. In this study, an energy-efficient hybrid flow shop scheduling problem (EHFSP) with additional resources is studied in which there is asymmetry in the machine. An adaptive two-class teaching-learning-based optimization (ATLBO) which has multiple teachers is proposed to simultaneously minimize the makespan and the total energy consumption. After two classes are formed, a teacher phase is first executed, which consists of teacher self-learning and teacher training. Then, an adaptive learner phase is presented, in which the quality of two classes is used to adaptively decide the learner phase or the reinforcement search of the temporary solution set. An adaptive formation of classes is also given. Extensive experiments were conducted and the computational results show that the new strategies are effective and that ATLBO was able to provide better results than comparative algorithms reported in the literature in at least 54 of 68 instances.
A Review of Symmetry-Based Open-Circuit Fault Diagnostic Methods for Power Converters
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhao Jin , Wu Zhixi
Published: February 2024

Power converters can convert the electrical energy output by power source into specific forms required by target device. They are widely used in various fields such as electrification, transportation, and power systems, and are the core components of the systems. Power converters are composed of power semiconductor devices (such as IGBTs), which are prone to failure due to abnormal conditions and aging degradation, leading to power converter faults. Therefore, over the past twenty years, extensive fault diagnosis methods for power converters have been studied and proposed. Among them, symmetry-based methods have the characteristics of rapid diagnosis speed and strong robustness, but so far there’s no systemic summary of such methods. Therefore, this paper reviews the relevant research on fault diagnosis of power converters based on symmetry in recent years, analyzes the mathematical principles of these methods, and compares their diagnostic performance. In addition, two factors that may have an influence on the symmetry are pointed out. This paper provides references and suggestions for the future development and research of power converter fault diagnosis.
Benzalkonium Chloride Poisoning in Pediatric Patients: Report of Case with a Severe Clinical Course and Literature Review
Authors: Nițescu Viorela , Lescaie Andreea , Boghițoiu Dora , Ulmeanu Coriolan
Published: February 2024

The use of disinfectants, particularly those containing quaternary ammonium compounds (QUACs), has dramatically escalated globally since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We report a case that highlights the risks associated with ingesting low-concentration QUAC solutions and emphasize the importance of effective management in resolving severe lesions without sequelae. A 17-month-old boy experienced severe respiratory failure after ingesting a disinfectant containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC). The child was initially treated at a local emergency department and was subsequently transferred to a pediatric poison center. Upon evaluation, the child was found to have grade III-A corrosive esophageal lesions and chemical pneumonitis. Several complications, including massive pneumothorax and candidemia, occurred during the clinical course of the disease. However, with timely medical intervention and appropriate supportive care, the patient completely recovered without any long-term sequelae. The properties of BAC and the comprehensive management approach may have been responsible for the patient’s full recovery, despite the potentially life-threatening effects of ingesting disinfectants.
Hypoglycemia after Mitral Valve Repair in Dogs
Authors: Nii Yasuyuki , Takahashi Emi , Tabata Miho , Furusato Shimon , Katsumata Masaya , Uechi Masami
Published: February 2024

Hypoglycemia has not been previously reported as a postoperative complication of mitral valve repair (MVR) in dogs; however, the authors have encountered cases of hypoglycemia after MVR. This study aimed to determine the incidence of hypoglycemia in dogs after MVR and investigate its causes. Blood glucose levels were measured at multiple timepoints in dogs undergoing MVR. Simultaneously, insulin and glucagon blood concentrations in dogs with hypoglycemia preoperatively and postoperatively were compared to verify the physiological responses to hypoglycemia. Furthermore, risk factors for hypoglycemia, using variables selected based on the characteristics of MVR and dogs undergoing MVR, were examined prospectively. The incidence of hypoglycemia after MVR was 14.2%, and plasma glucagon concentrations increased in these dogs (mean: 260 pg/mL and 644 pg/mL pre- and postoperatively, p < 0.001), whereas serum insulin concentrations decreased (median: 0.50 ng/mL and 0.29 ng/mL pre- and postoperatively, p = 0.002). Therefore, hyperinsulinemia or hypoglucagonemia is unlikely to be the cause of postoperative hypoglycemia. The identified risk factors for hypoglycemia included low body weight and asymptomatic myxomatous mitral valve disease. Monitoring blood glucose levels after MVR should be included in the standard hospitalization plan to prevent hypoglycemic emergencies in dogs.
A GIS Automated Tool for Morphometric Flood Analysis Based on the Horton–Strahler River Classification System
Authors: Enea Andrei , Stoleriu Cristian Constantin , Iosub Marina , Niacsu Lilian
Published: February 2024

The development of human society over the past century has led to an explosion in population numbers and a migration of settlements to river valleys, which have become increasingly exposed to the risk of flooding. In this context, the scientific community has begun to work on identifying mathematical and spatial models that can help to identify areas at risk as quickly as possible. The present article is one that follows this objective, proposing an automatic model that can be implemented in ArcGIS and that aims to identify only areas at risk of flooding using a single file, the DEM. The novelty of this article and the usefulness of the method are given precisely by the fact that it is possible to quickly find out which areas may be exposed to flooding, i.e., water accumulations, only based on relief, which is extremely useful for local authorities. The analysis was conducted on all hierarchy orders, according to the Horton–Strahler classification system, for the entire Romanian territory. The results consist of a polygonal vector layer in shapefile format, containing an attribute table with all the initial, intermediary, and final calculations in separate numeric fields. Each parameter was normalized in order to obtain the final morphometric flood vulnerability score. Postprocessing these results involved applying a Principal Component Analysis to identify weights for the components that encompass all morphometric parameters. Each drainage basin reveals a dimensionless morphometric flood vulnerability score value that is comparable with all other basins in Romania.
Moose resources in the Republic of Karelia
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy”, Russia, Moscow, Kaledin A. P. , Ostapchuk A. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy”, Russia, Moscow
Published: February 2024

For a comprehensive assessment of the state of hunting resources in general and moose in particular, it is necessary to know several basic indicators, such as: the number of animals, their population density, and the biological productivity of hunting acreages. The purpose of the research was to analyze the state of moose resources in the Republic of Karelia. The object of research was the wild moose population in the Republic of Karelia. The number of moose in the republic as a whole and in the context of administrative districts has been analyzed in the work. The number of animals is one of the most important indicators for analyzing the ecological and economic state of biological resources. On the number of moose base the density of the moose population was calculated and analyzed. The districts of the Republic of Karelia with high, medium and low densities of moose were identifi ed. The biological productivity of hunting acreages for moose and the cost of moose resources were calculated. So, for the period 2018–2022 the number of moose in the Republic of Karelia has tended to increase from 19 454 heads in 2018 up to 21 250 heads in 2022, i.e. by 1796 heads or 9,2 %. The highest average long-term number of animals was recorded in the Loukhsky district, where it amounted to 2127 heads and the lowest in the Sortavalsky district with 382 heads. The average long-term population density of moose per 1000 hectares of characteristic acreages was less than 2 heads per 1000 hectares, which corresponds to land quality 5 for this type of animal. The average long-term biological productivity of hunting acreages for moose was 0,22 kg/ha, and the average long-term value of moose resources was 6,27 billion rubles.
La collection d’antiquités grecques de l’Institut d’art et d’archéologie de Paris. 2. Les figurines en terre cuite
Authors: Duplouy Alain , Bruschini-Chaumet Cannelle
Published: February 2024

The Institut d’art et d’archéologie of Paris has at its disposal a collection of Greek antiquities that were initially gathered and displayed in the Sorbonne. Made up of about 300 pieces, this collection is now under special care within the framework of a scientific and cultural heritage program. Following a first paper dedicated to a series of Greek vases and fragments (published in

Journal des Savants 2016), this second study deals with a collection of about 110 terracotta figurines. The research has been conducted along two lines : first by considering the marks inscribed on the pieces, then by studying all legal decrees and administrative archives related to these pieces. Beside a few figurines deposited by the French Republic, the majority of this research and teaching collection was acquired thanks to various gifts to the University, by the French School in Athens, by the French engineer Paul Gaudin and by the Greek merchant Elias Arapides. Unfortunately, nearly two thirds of the original collection, amounting to about 300 pieces, has now disappeared.
Sur quelques vestiges et indices nouveaux de l’hellénisme dans les arts entre la Bactriane et le Gandhāra (130 av. J.-C.- 100 apr. J.-C. environ)
Authors: Francfort Henri-Paul
Published: February 2024

Cet article relève les évolutions de l’hellénisme de la fin de la domination grecque à l’avènement de l’empire kouchan, entre la Bactriane et le Gandhāra, à l’époque Saka-Yuezhi (130 av. J.-C.-100 apr. J.-C. environ). S’appuyant sur des documents archéologiques et des oeuvres des arts mineurs (notamment orfèvrerie, palettes gandhāriennes et leurs rapports avec la littérature, la poésie et le théâtre) et monumentaux (peintures, tapisseries), il montre des prolongements et des transformations en Bactriane ainsi que des transferts vers l’Inde du nord-ouest (Pakistan). Par ailleurs, il identifie un net renouveau gréco-romain d’origine méditerranéenne au cours de l’époque julioclaudienne, à travers l’empire parthe. Ces transformations se produisent alors que se mettent en place les arts des steppes, de l’Iran et de l’Inde qui supplanteront bientôt la tradition grecque.
Julien-David Le Roy (1724-1803). Correspondance avec le marquis de Voyer (1766-1777)
Authors: Cachau Philippe
Published: February 2024

Issu d’une famille de Touraine, fils d’un horloger du roi réputé, Julien-David Le Roy (1724-1803) fut le grand découvreur des antiquités de la Grèce au xviiie siècle, alors sous le joug turc. Membre des Académies royales d’Architecture et des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, il publia en 1757 : Ruines des plus beaux monuments de la Grèce (…), ouvrage fondamental à l’origine du goût grec de la seconde moitié du siècle. Une correspondance avec Marc-René de Voyer d’Argenson, marquis de Voyer (1722-1782), l’un des mécènes les plus influents de son temps, proche des Orléans, retrouvée dans le fonds d’Argenson de l’université de Poitiers en 2013, nous révèle la véritable personnalité de cette grande figure des arts, voire des sciences, du xviiie siècle. Au-delà de la carrière et de l’activité de l’académicien, mieux connues depuis les travaux de Christopher Drew Armstrong, c’est une facette inédite du personnage qui apparait dans ses trente-deux missives, rédigées entre 1766 et 1777 : l’homme, ses angoisses, ses attentes, son goût de la politique, du théâtre et des lettres, son activité de conseiller artistique auprès du marquis, tant à Paris qu’à son domaine des Ormes en Touraine, ses liens avec les architectes Chambers, De Wailly (notamment dans la fameuse affaire de la nomination de celui-ci à l’Académie d’Architecture en 1767), et bien d’autres personnalités du temps. Surtout apparaît un versant méconnu : sa parfaite connaissance de l’Angleterre au point d’espionner ses côtes pour le compte de la monarchie française. Une correspondance qui éclaire sur bien des aspects du siècle des Lumières. Beyond the career and activity of the academician, better known since the works of Christopher Drew Armstrong, it is a new facet of the character that appears in his thirty-two missives, written between 1766 and 1777 : the man, his anxieties, his expectations, his taste for politics, theatre and letters, his activity as artistic advisor to the Marquis, both in Paris and in his domain of the Ormes in Touraine, his relationships with the architects Chambers, De Wailly (notably in the famous affair of his appointment to the Academy of Architecture in 1767), and many other personalities of the time. Above all, there appears an unknown side : his perfect knowledge of England at point of spying its coasts for the French monarchy. A correspondence that sheds light on many aspects of the French Enlightenment.
« Le Par(ad)is perdu ». La correspondance entre Georgi Mihailov et Louis Robert (1947-1967)
Authors: Dana Dan
Published: February 2024

A part of the scholarly correspondence between two major epigraphists of the XXth century, Louis Robert (1904-1985) and Georgi Mihailov (1915-1991), is edited and commented in this article. From their epistolary exchange, unfortunately incomplete, 17 letters (including 15 from Mihailov, and only two from Robert) were found in the archives of Paris and Sofia. They allow to follow their collaboration during the two decades after the end of the Second World War (1947-1967), in a challenging period for the intellectuals of the “ socialist camp” ; their mailings were sometimes accompanied by books, offprints, manuscripts and photos. The correspondence published here, corroborated by other testimonies, illustrates the personal and scholarly links cultivated by the two epigraphists, in particular for the notices of the Bulletin

Épigraphique of the redoubtable French scholar and for the preparation of the corpus of Greek inscriptions from Bulgaria (IGBulg) by the historian from Sofia, trained in Paris.
La norme comme universel du langage
Authors: Martin Robert
Published: February 2024

The norm can be thought of as a universal monitoring function common to all languages. There are many arguments to support this viewpoint. The norm can be seen as twofold. One of its functions is set within language as a system so that on the one hand it monitors and restricts the unlimited regularities a language has and, on the other, it controls purely local regularities which can thereby be assimilated to irregularity. This aspect echoes the viewpoints of Louis Hjelmslev and Eugenio Coseriu. The other normative function which is universally avaibable and more usually recognized is inherent in the idea of a “ language of culture” : the norm presupposes that speakers consciously act on language. It is indissociable from the very idea of language and made manifest de dicto.
Introduction – Des villes en crise
Authors: Burgel Guy , Serre Jean-François
Published: February 2024

Au tournant des années 2020, les villes voient s’accélérer des crises structurelles : centralité contestée, santé altérée, environnement dégradé. Elles entraînent une urbaphobie exacerbée, notamment à l’égard des plus grandes agglomérations, les métropoles, et des représentations exagérées des ruptures (exode urbain, dynamisme des villes petites et moyennes). Le salut peut venir d’un sursaut des sciences sociales, de nouvelles règles de l’économie et du droit, mais surtout d’une «révolution» civique et politique pour concevoir la ville autrement («altermétropolisation»).
Pour un atterrissage urgent des débats et expertises mobilitaires en sciences sociales
Authors: Flonneau Mathieu
Published: February 2024

L’urgence climatique donne lieu parfois à des prises de positions socialement insoutenables dans un cadre démocratique apaisé. Comme dans d’autres domaines des sciences sociales, la dérive militante intersectionnelle frappe l’analyse des mobilités. Un discours engagé tend à devenir dominant et s’impose au prix du sacrifice de la réalité historique et du vécu des citoyens. A la fin, des positions maximalistes, notamment en matière de transition environnementale et d’attention portée à la faisabilité des adaptations exigées en termes parfois moraux, s’avèrent malfaisantes et contreproductives.
Les villes quand même, les villes qu’on aime : réflexions sur les crises urbaines
Authors: Lacour Claude
Published: February 2024

Les crises sanitaires, climatiques, énergétiques ont conduit à s’interroger sur les villes d’avant et d’après : comment a-t-on réagi par la sidération et la peur avant que des appréciations puissent être portées sur les évolutions, les ruptures et les transitions des villes. Trois processus sont à retenir : le premier conteste le mot croissance pour le remplacer par ceux de sobriété, mobilités douces, villes plus inclusives ; le second accorde une place à des lectures de centralités inversées ; le troisième montre une attention pour les villes petites et moyennes, confirmant les critiques de la métropolisation, cependant qu’elles rechercheraient à leur niveau des qualités métropolitaines, tout en gardant ce qui fait leur qualité de vie.
Architecturologie et projet urbain
Authors: Boudon Philippe
Published: February 2024

Based on the precise description of a design operation, whose economic relevance is part of the reference space constituted by the current ecological context of architectural design, we distinguish the design space, made up of the operations taking place there, from the resulting architectural space. These operations being the result of architectural scales, a second conceptual distinction operates between a " scale" in the current sense which is a binary relationship of corresponding measurements between map and territory, and the relevance of said relationship, which defines an architectural cartographic scale, of a completely different conceptual nature, ternary in essence.
Quelques questions sur la ville contemporaine
Authors: Brun Jacques
Published: February 2024

The article looks into a few relatively new questions pertaining to the architectural and social evolution of our cities : the urban crisis concept, the city or agglomeration, landscape and urban identity, the rhythm of growth.
La ville, avenir de l’humanité ?
Authors: Grondeau Alexandre
Published: February 2024

Depuis son invention, la ville est associée au progrès des sociétés humaines et à l’innovation, qu’elle soit technologique ou sociale. Nous proposons ici de discuter deux pistes de réflexions sur l’avenir urbain : celle des morphologies urbaines et architecturales, et celle des gouvernements et des gouvernances.
Location of waste landfills in the aspect of hydrogeological conditions
Authors: Wysocka Małgorzata
Published: February 2024

Selecting a site for a landfill should minimise the inevitable ecological effects. The Regulation of the Minister of the Environment (2013) on waste landfills specifies, among others, that it is best to locate a landfill in a place with a natural geological barrier. For landfills other than hazardous and neutral waste, the minimum thickness of the barrier should be ≥1.0 m, and the value of its filtration coefficient k≤1.0·10– 9 m/s. Another criterion for the location of landfills is the expected piezometric table of groundwater, at least 1 m below the level of the planned excavation. In the paper, the last criterion is subjected to a critical analysis based on the results of my own research. It analyses what the piezometric table of groundwater is and what impact it has on the possible penetration of potential pollutants. The considerations are carried out on the example of the ground predicted for a waste landfill, for which tests necessary to determine the hydrogeological conditions were carried out.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF CLASSICAL AND MODIFIED HYSTEROSCOPIC METROPLASTY IN WOMEN WITH RPL SYNDROME
Authors: GLADCHUK I.Z. , HRYHURKO D.O. , KALITSYNSKA Y.L.
Published: February 2024

Intrauterine membranes (IMM) are one of the most common Müllerian anomalies. Their frequency in women with a history of miscarriages and infertility varies widely and is 5.5-24.5%

Purpose. To conduct a comparative analysis of intraoperative, immediate and distant results of the classical and modified technique of the surgical intervention.

Materials and Methods. 84 patients with a diagnosis of primary miscarriage (RPL-syndrome) and/or premature birth took part in the study. The main group (I clinical) consisted of 44 patients in whom hysteroscopic metroplasty was performed according to the proposed modified technique. The comparative group (II clinical) consisted of 40 patients who were operated according to the classical method of GM.

Results. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the modified technique in comparison with the classic GM in women with RPL syndrome demonstrates a reduction in the duration of the operation by 15 minutes (р<0,05), a decrease of the frequency of endometritis cases by almost 3 times (р<0,05), a reduction in the length of stay of women in a day hospital by 6 hours (р<0,05), and a reduction in the formation of postoperative intrauterine synechiae by about 10%.

Conclusions. However, these results are preliminary and require further, more in-depth research on large data samples, but already at this stage of the research, the modified method of hysteroscopic metroplasty has shown positive results.