bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Enfermeiro na Prevenção do Câncer do Colo do Útero: o Cotidiano da Atenção Primária
Authors: Melo Maria Carmen Simões Cardoso de , Vilela Franciane , Salimena Anna Maria de Oliveira , Souza Ivis Emília de Oliveira
Published: December 2020

Introdução: No Brasil, o câncer do colo do útero e a terceira neoplasia maligna entre as mulheres, sendo estimados, para 2012, dezoito mil novos casos. Objetivo: Analisar o desenvolvimento da prevenção e detecção precoce do câncer do colo do útero no cotidiano assistencial da enfermeira que atua nas equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família, a partir de suas atribuições, propostas pelo Ministerio da Saúde. Método: Estudo exploratório, descritivo. Dez enfermeiras de Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde de um município de Minas Gerais, foram entrevistadas em janeiro e fevereiro de 2011. Na leitura reflexiva, buscou-se apreender significados, organizá-los em unidades de significação e confrontar com a literatura sobre a temática para desenvolver a análise de dados qualitativos. Resultados: Tres Unidades de Significação foram constituídas: Nos grupos, durante a consulta, aquela oportunidade é única; Longe da meta preconizada, mas a gente fazia um grupo; A gente pretende fazer, porém tem outras atividades e muita resistência ainda. Evidenciou-se a importância da atuação do enfermeiro; sua integração com a equipe e a comunidade; conhecimento da realidade local; estabelecimento de vínculo e avaliação constante dos resultados obtidos. Foram apontadas dificuldades de diferentes responsabilidades no âmbito de implementação e de gestão e a necessidade tanto de motivar quanto de facilitar o acesso das usuárias. Conclusão: A sistematização do controle e rastreamento das mulheres, referência e contrarreferência efetivas nos diferentes níveis de atenção e provisão adequada de recursos humanos e materiais, se mostraram aspectos relevantes para investir ações com vistas a obtenção de melhores resultados.
Câncer do Colo do Útero no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul: Detecção Precoce, Incidência e Mortalidade
Authors: Freitas Hilda Guimarães de , Silva Maria Aparecida da , Thuler Luiz Claudio Santos
Published: December 2020

Introdução: O câncer do colo do útero apresenta taxas de incidência e mortalidade elevadas no Brasil. Objetivo: Descrever a cobertura das ações de detecção precoce do câncer do colo do útero, sua incidência e mortalidade no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Método: Estudo descritivo e exploratório. Foram analisados dados provenientes do Departamento de Informática do SUS , Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva. Foi realizada análise descritiva das informações. Resultados: O percentual de mulheres de 25 a 59 anos que realizou o exame de Papanicolaou nos últimos três anos se manteve estável entre 2003 e 2008: 82,0% e 82,9%, respectivamente; entretanto, houve uma queda no contingente daquelas que nunca fizeram o exame na vida: de 11,1% para 8,7%, respectivamente. A razão entre o número exames citopatológicos cervicovaginais realizados em mulheres de 25 a 59 anos e a população feminina nessa faixa etária ultrapassou a meta (≥0,90) do triênio 2008 a 2010 em 25 municípios do Estado, porém, as taxas estimadas de incidência do câncer do colo do útero sofreram aumento de 139% nos últimos 12 anos, enquanto na série de dados de mortalidade observou-se um incremento de 33,8% em 30 anos. Conclusão: Esses resultados apontam para a necessidade de se fortalecer as parcerias visando a implementar ações de atenção integral a saúde da mulher, especialmente voltadas para as mulheres indígenas, que representam um importante contingente de mulheres excluídas nessas áreas.
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROCESS OF FORMING A RURAL COMMUNITY BASED ON ETHNOGRAPHIC REALITIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF MACHADA VILLAGE IN DAGESTAN).
Authors: Khapizov Shakhban , Tuptsokova Larisa , Shekhmagomedov Magomed
Published: December 2020

The article, based on the analysis of archaeological materials, written sources and oral tradition, attempted to recreate the history of formation of the rural community of Machada in Highland Dagestan. The Dagestani historiography disseminated a version according to which the village of Machada was founded in the early 16th century. Machada, on a large steep slope of the mountain there is a burial ground with stone boxes, dated VI-VIII centuries AD. Thus, the emergence of the village of Machada should be dated at least VI century AD. At the same time, 1.5 km from Machada is a medieval settlement Choloda, whose inhabitants moved to Machada in the early XVI century. Residents of the settlement located on the northern outskirts of Machadah also moved here. Despite the rural community formed in the first half of the 16th century, a new cemetery was formed there in the 1630s. Thus, for about 100 years, residents of Machadah buried the dead in the Muslim cemetery of Choloda. Thanks to the large area of agricultural land around Machada, they could receive new settlers. The largest resettlement probably took place in the 16th century from Khunzakh, which led to the formation of one of 4 related groups of Machadah. The other three tukhums were formed through the resettlement of residents of neighboring tukhum settlements in Machadi. By the end of the XVI century, a tukhum structure had been formed consisting of 4 tukhums - kinship groups, which later began to receive later immigrants. Thus, the application of the retrospective method makes it possible to answer the main questions raised by the researcher on the history of formation of a rural community in Highland Dagestan.
TIMUR’S WARRIORS AND FIRST MUSLIMS IN KISCHA VILLAGE: EPIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF ABU BAKAR-SHEIKH CEMETERY
Authors: Shikhaliev Shamil Sh. , Chmilevskaya Ilona A.
Published: December 2020

The article overviews some tombstones of the Abu Bakar-sheikh cemetery (Darg. – Abu Bakar-shaikhla hIyabri), located in the center of the village of Kischa. During the detailed analysis of their styles, shapes, inscriptions, as well as interviews with locals, the authors divided the monuments into two groups according to their characteristic features. The first one is tombstones of Abu Bakar-sheikh’ followers, who after his death remained in the village. The monuments of this group are characterized with artistic variety, rich ornament, and the inscriptions carved on them, mainly written in Kufic script. By analogy with dated steles of the similar design in the Kubachi highlands and the Kaitag-Tabasaran zone, the monuments can be dated from the beginning to the first half of the 15th century. The second group of tombstones located in the same cemetery is distinguished by the lack of decoration and stone processing; the names of the buried have Turkic-Persian roots which is not characteristic of local anthroponymy. By combining these facts, as well as information from written sources and local legends, it was possible to draw a parallel between these burials and Timur's sixth campaign to Dagestan in 1396.
The reconstruction of events established that Kischa village, located at the old trade route that connected Kaitag and Zirihgheran with Akusha, Usisha and Mugi villages, was in the way of Timur’s army heading towards Kaitag and Zirihgheran. Upon pillaging the village, timurids suffered some losses, and the only possible place for burring their dead in Kischa was the Muslim cemetery of Abu Bakar-sheikh. Thus, the paper describes the group of tombstones of Timur’s soldiers, which is unique in modern Dagestan.
THE IMAGE OF PETER THE GREAT IN THE HISTORICAL MEMORY
OF THE DAGESTAN POPULATION
Authors: Fatimat Polchaeva A. , Kasymov Javid A.
Published: December 2020

The Persian campaign of Peter I has been the subject of numerous studies, as well as his influence on Russia-Dagestan relations, social-economic and cultural development of the region. However, the question of the place of the Russian emperor in the historical memory of the population of Dagestan, which was largely influenced by the Persian campaign, remains unexplored.

The present paper, basing on indirect material of written evidence and principles of historicism, taking into account regional features, attempts to recreate the image of Peter the Great. Having examined the events of the campaign in chronological order and applying common scientific methods of analysis, abstraction and inductive approach, the authors identified events and actions that are descriptive of the emperor’s personality.

Determining the place of Peter I in the historical memory of the people of Dagestan, a concept of the French sociologist M. Halbwachs on “mnemonic sites” is used. In the course of the study, a number of such “sites of memory” were revealed on the territory of Dagestan associated with Peter I. The authors also consider some acts of commemoration, directed on preserving mnemonic places and the development of historical memory of the population.
WOMEN’S EDUCATION IN DAGESTAN
(SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES)
Authors: Gadjieva Zarema N. , Gimbatova Madina B.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the history of the development of female education in the Dagestan region in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. It examines the system of women’s education, features of its development, formation, support and organization of the educational process, its impact on the education system of Dagestan as a whole. The chronological framework of the study covers the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. During this period, religious schools functioned in parallel with Russian educational institutions, which emerged in the places of deployment of military units and settlements with a Russian-speaking population. An important issue, reflected in the study, is the disclosure of the peculiarities of homeschooling, the content of which depended on the preferences of parents.

An analysis of the diverse historical literature made it possible to conclude that women’s educational institutions in pre-revolutionary Dagestan, regardless of their form and content of education, raised the educational and cultural level of girls, introduced them to the achievements of world culture, and prepared them for family life.

The teaching process in religious and Russian schools varied greatly. Thus, for example, Muslim traditional education was divided into two stages. Dagestan people received their primary education in maktabs (mosque schools), the main goal of which was to teach reading and writing in Arabic and reading the Koran, to introduce students to the scientific achievements of the Muslim Orient. After that, those wishing to gain in-depth knowledge of classical Muslim sciences continued their studies in numerous madrasahs, the level of which varied depending on the established traditions and teaching staff.

In Russian schools, the educational process was regulated by the curriculum and curricula in general subjects, theology and home economics. The task of Russian schools was to help students integrate into the all-Russian cultural field, to introduce them to the achievements of Russian and European cultures.
Hubungan Motivasi dengan Perawatan Diri Pasien Hipertensi
Authors: Su'ud Akhmad Naufal , Murtaqib Murtaqib , Kushariyadi Kushariyadi
Published: December 2020

The risk of complications in patients with hypertension can be prevented by good self-care behaviour. Self-care is the main factor that can be done to control blood pressure. Motivation is one of the determining factors for someone to do something they want. This study aims to analyze the correlation between motivation and self-care of hypertensive patients. A total of 84 respondents were selected in the study by using consecutive sampling techniques. Data was collected by distributing questionaires of  Hypertension Self Care Profile (HBP-SCP) behaviour scale and Motivation Scale. Data were analyzed by using Spearman correlation test with a significance value of 0.05. The results showed that mean of motivation and self-care was 59,92 and 56,43. There was significant positive correlation between the two variables (p-value: 0,000 r: +0,444). This result means that the higher the motivation of a person, the higher the self-care behavior. Based on these results, the authors suggest increasing patient motivation in order to improve self-care behavior of hypertensive patients independently.
Inovasi Kesehatan Terkini Sebagai Strategi Efektif Pada Manajemen Diabetes Di Masa Pandemi: Sebuah Tinjauan Literature
Authors: Rahmini Juwi Athia , Rahayuningtyas Kartika
Published: December 2020

Diabetics are increasing every year in the world, including in Indonesia. The ministry of health has carried out a solution to control diabetes, but the role of nurses as educators is not yet clearly defined, especially using technological innovations via cell phones or the web. This article aims to describe the development of technological innovations in the perspective of treating diabetes patients based on remote care using cellphone or web technology that can be used in a new adaptation period. The method used is a narrative literature review. Smartphone or web technology offers great benefits for diabetic patient care, behavior modification and education. Interactive Diabetes Diary is proven to help improve this way and is very easy to use. Diabetes management via cell phone or web is one solution for the latest nursing care services in improving the health status of diabetes patients.
El momento de las cadenas regionales de valor: la integración comercial en la Península Ibérica
Authors: Díaz-Mora Carmen , Gandoy Juste Rosario , González-Díaz Belén
Published: December 2020

Desde la Gran Recesión, asistimos a un freno en el avance de las cadenas globales de valor (CGV). Los factores que guiaron la globalización de estas cadenas desde mediados de los noventa han dejado de operar en dicha dirección, contribuyendo a una reconfiguración en la que se intensifica su dimensión regional. El objetivo del presente trabajo es investigar cómo la Península Ibérica ha participado de las tendencias de globalización y regionalización de las cadenas transfronterizas de producción en las que está integrada. Para ello, se analiza la participación de la Península Ibérica en las CGV, su sesgo regional y la integración bilateral de España y Portugal, que determina la existencia de un polo ibérico en el seno de las cadenas de producción
Spillovers de exportación y supervivencia exportadora en España
Authors: Esteve Silviano , De Lucio Juan , Mínguez Raúl , Minondo Asier , Requena Francisco
Published: December 2020

Utilizando datos de empresas manufactureras exportadoras españolas, este trabajo investiga si la presencia de empresas que exportan de forma regular un producto a un país ayuda a otras empresas en la misma provincia que empiezan a exportar a mantener relaciones de exportación más duraderas. Nuestros resultados muestran que: (i) la tasa de supervivencia de las nuevas empresas exportadoras es mayor en las relaciones de exportación definidas a nivel de provincia-producto-destino cuando hay presencia de al menos un exportador regular en la misma provincia; (ii) cuando hay más de 10 exportadores regulares en la misma provincia, el impacto positivo se incrementa significativamente; y, (iii) el efecto positivo de la concentración de exportadores regulares es específico al nivel provincia-producto-destino puesto que el impacto es menor o no existe a nivel provincia-producto, provincia-industria o provincia-destino.
Measuring children’s time use: Insights from mixed-methods research in northern Uganda
Authors: Rost Lucia A.
Published: December 2020

Time-use data can provide important insights into children’s lives, but measuring children’s time use can be challenging. Building on mixed-methods data collection in northern Uganda, this paper discusses and proposes ways to address the following issues: (1) whether to interview parents or children; (2) capturing simultaneous and interconnected activities; (3) addressing issues of unequal power relations and inhibition; and (4) unpacking longitudinal dimensions. This paper calls for more research to address these and other challenges involved in measuring children’s time use.
Promotion Activities for Curug Rahong Tourism Village to Boost Tourists Arrival
Authors: Kusumastuti Retno Dyah , Hardy Fathinah Ranggauni , Amar Muhammad Ikhsan
Published: December 2020

This study focuses on the promotion activities in Curug Rahong Tourism Village. Curug Rahong Tourism Village is one of the recently established tourism village that is located in Pandeglang Regency, Province of Banten. The objective of this study is explore further about promotional activities that has been done by Curug Rahong Tourism Village management. This study is a descriptive study with qualitative approach, and the data for this study was collected using observation, interview, and documentation. This study finds that Curug Rahong Tourism Village promotion activities were carried out using promotional tools in the form of advertisements, word of mouth, and interactive marketing. Curug Rahong Tourism Village Manager advertises using brochures, while interactive marketing is done through websites and a number of social media platforms, namely Facebook and Instagram. As for the implication, this study suggests that it is important for the management of tourism village to utilize the internet as tool of promotion, innovate the offerings to the tourists, and raise the awareness of the local community about the importance of tourism itself.
Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction and Its Effect on Employee Resignation in the Mulia Health and Dental Care (MHDC) Clinic Group
Authors: Setiorini Amanda , Rachmarwi Wiwik
Published: December 2020

This study wants to find out whether compensation, job safety, career paths, communication, relationships with superiors, and work-life balance affect job satisfaction, and how they affect employee resignation. From a population of 100 employees, a total of 73 people were sampled. The results show that compensation and work-life balance have a significant effect on job satisfaction and resignation, while relations with superiors have a significant effect on job satisfaction, and communication has a significant effect on resignation through job satisfaction.
Knowledge Transfer in Cynefin Framework
Authors: Turino Harris , Santoso Adhi Setyo
Published: December 2020

The Cynefin model (Kurtz & Snowden, 2003) is a common concept for designing the most logical response from decision-makers in certain situations. This model is general, so it can be used in several applications,  such as knowledge transfer, which is the focus of this article. The author aims to describe in detail, both the characteristics of the domain and the decision-making model, with the concept of causal ambiguity (Reed & Defillippi, 1990),  absorptive capacity (Zahra & George, 2002), and pragmatic view of knowledge (Carlile, 2004). One of the managers' common mistakes in managing organizational knowledge is the failure to identify situations accurately. Using the case study method, the results of this study are expected to help practitioners minimize these mistakes and determine the right decisions in forming a sustainable competitive advantage  (SCA). The discussion of this paper is divided into several sections; dynamics of cynefin model, absorptive capacity, pragmatic view of knowledge, integration of concepts, and conclusions.
Study of Temperature Measurement Accuracy by Using Different Mounting Adhesives
Authors: Kanesalingam Jeevan , Fung Lee See , Guan Ho Hock
Published: December 2020

Thermal compounds are adhesive used to improve heat conduction between two surfaces. It can be used to secure a thermocouple to a surface which the temperature is being measured. This paper studies the temperature accuracy when using different types of thermal adhesives to secure thermocouples to a metal surface. An aluminum block attached to heater resistors was heated up by supplying varying power levels to create different temperatures. The measured temperature is compared to a reference thermocouple in the aluminum block to check the accuracy of each thermocouple when it is secured with different adhesives. It was found using the Loctite 3873 to secure a thermocouple to a metal surface will produce the most accurate temperature reading with an error below 2.6°C. This enables researchers to use the appropriate adhesive to obtain the most accurate results and also to know what are the errors contributed by different adhesives.
Convolutional Neural Network-based Transfer Learning and Classification of Visual Contents for Film Censorship
Authors: Sui Lyn Hor , Mansor Sarina , AlDahoul Nouar , Abdul Karim Hezerul
Published: December 2020

Content filtering is gaining popularity due to easy exposure of explicit visual contents to the public. Excessive exposure of inappropriate visual contents can cause devastating effects such as the growth of improper mindset and rise of societal issues such as free sex, child abandonment and rape cases. At present, most of the broadcasting media sites are hiring censorship editors to label graphic contents manually. Nevertheless, the efficiency is limited by factors such as the attention span of humans and the training required for the editors. This paper proposes to study the effect of usage of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as feature extractor coupled with Support Vector Machine (SVM) as classifier in an automated pornographic detection system. Three CNN architectures: Mobile Net, Visual Geometry Group-19 (VGG-19) and Residual Network-50 Version 2 (ResNet50_V2), and two classifiers: CNN and SVM were utilized to explore the combination that produce the best result. Frames of films fed as input into the CNN were classified into two groups: porn or non-porn. The best accuracy was 92.80% obtained using fine-tuned ResNet50_V2 as feature extractor and SVM as classifier. Transfer learning and SVM have improved the CNN model by approximately 10%.
The Quarter Floors
Authors: Harnum Alan
Published: December 2020

A piece of short fiction, loosely based on the author's own ten years of working in libraries.
Critical Library Performativity: Toward Progressive Change in Academic Library Management and Organizations
Authors: Leebaw Danya
Published: December 2020

Can library managers be #critlib? Do articles and conversations about critical theory really lead to progressive changes in library organizations and management? Critical management studies (CMS), a subfield of management studies, calls for denaturalization of taken-for-granted management practices, reflexivity in methods, and anti-performative goals. However, worried that CMS is too idealistic and ineffective, some of its adherents have proposed a theoretical construct they call “critical performativity” (CP). CP aims to bridge critical theory and authentic engagement with practicing managers. This article introduces and summarizes CP scholarship, and then considers the lessons CP has for critical library scholars, workers, and managers. Unlike our CMS scholarly counterparts, most librarians who align with critical perspectives are also themselves practitioners. For us, CP offers useful framing and thought-provoking ideas for integrating our critical leanings and our daily practice in order to work for achievable change.
Making Space for the ‘Irrational’ Practice of Anthropology in Libraries
Authors: Lanclos Donna
Published: December 2020

In this article, I extend the argument for open-ended exploratory, anthropologically informed, qualitative work in libraries that Andrew Asher and I began with “Ethnographish” (2016) and further explore and explain the paucity of open-ended exploration in library assessment and engagement work with the frame of rationality. I argue here that open-ended, exploratory anthropological work could be the kind of irrational work that can help library workers escape the neoliberal cage of rationality. If libraries are to be institutions that do not just mitigate but actively fight marginalization and inequality, we need to deeply interrogate the structures that insist on rational approaches to libraries and library work.
对城建档案管理数字化建设的策略分析
Authors: 马 晓婷
Published: December 2020

城建档案管理是一项重要工作，其关系到城市建筑的更迭与建设，因此必须做好该项工作。但现实情况显示，当前多数城建档案管理依旧保持着传统态势，使得工作在传统模式下无法保障质量满足现代要求，且其中还出现了许多问题，说明城建档案管理需要得到更新。针对这一现象，相关部门提出了城建档案管理数字化概念，认为借助数字化能够解决以往问题，并使工作更加完善，因此文章将对城建档案管理数字化建设进行分析，阐述数字化基本概念、城建档案管理数字化优势、数字化建设策略。
供电企业电力营销优质服务提升解决策略
Authors: 邓 斐杰
Published: December 2020

当前我国电力行业在经历过数十年的发展，现如今也有了很大的进步，对于我国近十年的飞速发展也会起到特别重要的支撑以及作用。能够有效的保障我国各个地区的飞速发展以及经济稳定。但不过近些年来我国很多的用户对于用电的需求也提出了更高的要求，从以前的“能用上电”的低级需求，到现在的“用好电”的需求，并且在服务质量上也提出了很多的要求。在这一种形势之下，供电企业就一定要加深客户的服务，一改以前的“电老虎”的垄断式供电方法，慢慢的变成亲民的服务供电方式，在服务上可以有效的去满足到各个用户的不同需求。
Non-human animal theories: from mechanism to abolitionism
Authors: DUARTE CARDOSO Sandra , SALGIRLI DEMİRBAŞ Yasemin , FARACO Ceres , DE SOUSA Liliana , DA GRAÇA PEREİRA Gonçalo
Published: December 2020

Domestic animals, which started to live with human-animals thousands of years ago, were regarded as “things” which were created for human service and deprived of emotions until the end of the 18th century. This idea of “animals are machines” began to change in 1789, when the British writer, philosopher and social reformer Jeremy Bentham wrote that “The question is not, «Can they reason?» nor «Can they talk?» but, «Can they suffer?» Why should the law refuse its protection to any sensitive being?”. Bentham added that “The time will come when humanity will extend its mantle over everything which breathes.". Today, despite a general tendency for adopting legislation aiming to protect non-human animals and to criminalize animal mistreatment and abuse, the reality is that there are still improvements needed to be done in order to consider animals as sentient beings. This reviewing paper identifies and discusses the different philosophies and theories that are in the basis of the animal rights, which include mechanistic, utilitarianism, welfarism and abolitionism.
MAINTAINING CHILDREN'S MENTAL HEALTH IN THE RISKS OF THE 21st CENTURY
Authors: Boltivets Sergii
Published: December 2020

Among the threats and dangers of the future, our duty to the younger and future generations is to develop the instincts, feelings and self-preservation of children and young people, who by their very birth suffer from inventions, conflicts and crises inherited by all previous older generations. The dominants of future self-preservation are in the mental development of children and youth, the main of which we consider mental abilities, development of feelings and especially - a sense of empathy for all living things, as well as - the imagination of every child and young person. her own life and the lives of others.
Our common methodology should be to understand that the social world is not simplified, but complicated, and we have a duty to prepare our children and young people to solve these complications.
La reforma educativa en el Perú 1972 -1975
Authors: Rojas Girón Marden
Published: December 2020

En el siglo XIX, después de la proclamación de la independencia del Perú, fue mandato constitucional la creación de códigos y reglamentos de instrucción pública. El primer esbozo de reforma educativa fue decretado en 1850 por el gobierno de Ramón Castilla y Marquesado (1845-1851). Posteriormente se formularon más de quince reformas educativas, que simplemente fueron medidas improvisadas e inconexas, propias de gobiernos neoliberales. La mayoría se caracterizó por el empirismo, el pragmatismo, la incoherencia, la soberbia y las formas autoritarias; que no entendieron la inevitable conexión que debe existir entre la educación y la transformación social. Dos marcadas excepciones son lo que se hizo en el gobierno de José Pardo y Barreda (1904-1908) con su postulado “Escuela para todos” y en el gobierno de Manuel Prado Ugarteche (1956-1962) con Jorge Basadre Grohmann como ministro de Educación, quien realizó el primer “Inventario de la Realidad Educativa” nacional. Sin embargo, entre todos los intentos fallidos, la única reforma educativa que puede ser considerada como tal es la que estuvo a cargo del Gobierno Revolucionario de las Fuerzas Armadas (1968-1975) que presidió el General Juan Velasco Alvarado. Por primera vez en la historia del Perú, se presentó un sistema educativo al servicio de toda la población, “que llegaba hasta las grandes masas campesinas” y garantizaba la formación de un hombre nuevo para una sociedad peruana nueva, sustentada en los valores de la solidaridad, trabajo, creación, libertad auténtica y justicia social con bienestar general.
El antiguo kuracazgo de Tacna: llactas, mandones y encomenderos (siglo XVI)
Authors: Umire ALvarez Adán
Published: December 2020

En el siglo XVI, durante el reparto de encomiendas realizado por el Marqués Francisco Pizarro, estas fueron entregadas con sus respectivos elementos productivos: la extensión de tierras y  la cantidad de gente como mano de obra disponible. Esta riqueza en el kuracazgo de Tacna, de acuerdo a los antecedentes de la investigación, tuvo una estructura de gobierno en base a dos mitades: Hanansaya con su llacta Pachía y su mandón Ccata, Cata o Cato, concedida a Hernando de Torres; y Urinsaya con la llacta Tacana y su mandón Estaca o Istaca concedida a Pedro Pizarro. De una nueva aproximación a las fuentes originales, se demuestran dos aspectos importantes: que la concesión de las sayas a los encomenderos mencionados tiene un orden equivocado, y que el kuracazgo de Tacna nunca ha presentado una estructura unitaria dual andina, esta fue el resultado de una forma de gobierno impuesta por la autoridad española. Se argumenta la ausencia de la oposición dual andina hanan/urin en el valle de Tacna, por la falta de elementos Inka tangibles (estructuras domésticas, militares, religiosas). Se concluye sugiriendo que debieron existir otros sistemas de organización andina en el valle de Tacna, previo a la llegada de Inkas y españoles.
Necesidades de capacitación de los productores agrarios en el altiplano de Puno, Perú
Authors: Chaiña Chura Fermin Francisco , Inquilla Mamani Juan
Published: December 2020

El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar y comprender las necesidades de capacitación de los productores agrarios en el altiplano, centro poblado de Santa Bárbara de Moro del distrito de Paucarcolla Puno, Perú. La hipótesis de la investigación fue: “las variables socioeconómicas tienen relación con las necesidades de capacitación”; bajo un diseño de investigación correlacional y explicativo. Se utilizó el procedimiento metodológico cuantitativo, mediante la técnica de la encuesta y el instrumento del cuestionario, aplicado a 85 jefes de familia de una población de 108 familias, complementado con la observación directa. Los principales resultados fueron: los factores socioeconómicos tienen relación diferenciada con la demanda de capacitación; el 7.1 % de jefes de familia requieren capacitación en temas de agricultura, conservación de suelos, medio ambiente y riego tecnificado; el 5.9 %, en producción agropecuaria; el 16.5 %, 5.9 %, 8.2 %, 11.8 %, 15.3 %, 9.4 % en temas de ganadería, manejo, alimentación, sanidad, mejoramiento y derivados lácteos respectivamente; el 2.4% de jefes de familia en artesanía; el 3.5% en temas de mercado y red vial; el 1.2% en temas de salud y alimentación humana, similar proporción en liderazgo.
Lasten itsesäätely lasten kuvaamien hallintakeinojen ja tunneilmaisun näkökulmasta
Authors: Veijalainen Jouni
Published: December 2020

Lectio praecursoria kasvatustieteen väitöskirjaan Lasten itsesäätely lasten kuvaamien hallintakeinojen ja tunneilmaisun näkökulmasta, Helsingin yliopistossa 18.9.2020.
EDUCAÇÃO FINANCEIRA: UMA ANÁLISE DAS ATIVIDADES PROPOSTAS NO LIVRO DIDÁTICO DE MATEMÁTICA DO ENSINO MÉDIO DA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS
Authors: Silva Maria Manuela Figuerêdo , Selva Ana Coêlho Vieira
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar como as atividades propostas no livro didático de Matemática do Ensino Médio da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), aprovado pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático - PNLD/2014, abordam a Educação Financeira (EF). Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram: análise do livro do aluno e do manual do professor. Foramanalisadas: a frequência de atividades com potencial para discutir Educação Financeira, os conteúdos matemáticos presentes nestas atividades, as temáticas evidenciadas nas situações, o tipo de atividade de acordo com os ambientes de aprendizagem de Skovsmose (2000) e a descrição das orientações presentes no manual do educador para as atividades. Os resultados indicaram que embora o livro não apresente um capítulo específico para Educação Financeira, foram identificadas nove atividades compotencial para discutir a temática. Observou-se uma estreita relação com os conteúdos de Matemática, uma vez que a maioria das atividades com potencial para EF solicitam o uso do cálculo numérico. Em relação às temáticas, identificamos três: tomada de decisão, produtos financeiros e administração pública. Por fim, sobre os ambientes de aprendizagem de Skovsmose (2000), percebemos uma forte presença de Ambientes do tipo (3), isto é, atividades que faziam referência à semirrealidade naperspectiva de lista de exercícios. Estes dados mostram que a proposta de Educação Financeira nos livros didáticos da EJA ainda é bastante limitada, sendo de extrema importância a formação deprofessores contribuindo para que o professor enriqueça as discussões com temáticas variadas e atividades contextualizadas que propiciem a reflexão do estudante.
FRAÇÕES NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: O QUE REVELAM AS PESQUISAS PUBLICADAS NO BRASIL DE 2013 A 2019
Authors: Scheffer Nilce Fátima , Powell Arthur Belford
Published: December 2020

Melhorar o desempenho em matemática nas escolas de Educação Básica depende principalmente da compreensão e proficiência dos alunos com números racionais, especialmente frações. O que revelam as pesquisas sobre o ensino e aprendizagem de frações? Para aprender frações, qual o papel das representações gráficas, dos materiais manipulativos e das tecnologias digitais? O estudo explora estas questões através da análise de dissertações, teses e artigos brasileiros publicados de 2013 a 2019, os quais investigam o conhecimento de frações na educação básica. Esta investigaçãoutilizou a análise qualitativa e documental para organizar e categorizar dados de uma amostra de 56 estudos. Os resultados indicam que as dissertações, teses e artigos relatam reflexões práticas e teóricas sobre processos cognitivos, interpretações semânticas e abordagens pedagógicas com diferentes materiais manipulativos e digitais relacionados ao conhecimento da fração. Além disso, as dissertações, teses e artigos oferecem propostas instrucionais que enfatizam as interpretações de partetodo,de medida e de magnitude para frações.
PERSPECTIVAS TEÓRICAS DE FORMAÇÃO, SABERES E IDENTIDADE PROFISSIONAL DOCENTE PRESENTES EM PESQUISAS SOBRE O PROFESSOR QUE ENSINA MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Melo Carlos Ian Bezerra de , Ferreira José dos Santos , Sousa Ana Cláudia Gouveia de , Barreto Marcília Chagas
Published: December 2020

As pesquisas em Educação Matemática têm se voltado cada vez mais para a formação do professor que ensina Matemática, e para temáticas emergentes nesse campo, como, por exemplo, aidentidade profissional e os saberes docentes. Assim, este estudo objetiva identificar os aportes teóricos específicos acerca da formação docente utilizados em pesquisas educacionais que abordam saberes e identidade profissional do professor que ensina Matemática. Para tanto, busca responder às seguintes questões: que perspectivas teóricas e abordagens são empregadas? Como é abordada a formação docente? Que resultados são evidenciados nas pesquisas? Metodologicamente, utilizou-se a pesquisa do tipo Estado da Questão, investigando dissertações e teses em bases de dados brasileiras. Os resultados revelam a necessidade de maior fundamentação teórica acerca dos conceitos e discussões em torno da área de formação docente, bem como de maior articulação entre as categorias identidade profissional docente e formação de professores nas pesquisas investigadas. Aponta-se, ainda, a coerência e consistência de fundamentação teórica em se tratando do tópico saberes da docência.
Single-Cell Technologies to Understand the Mechanisms of Cellular Adaptation in Chemostats
Authors: Wright Naia Risager , Rønnest Nanna Petersen , Sonnenschein Nikolaus
Published: December 2020

There is a growing interest in continuous manufacturing within the bioprocessing community. In this context, the chemostat process is an important unit operation. The current application of chemostat processes in industry is limited although many high yielding processes are reported in literature. In order to reach the full potential of the chemostat in continuous manufacture, the output should be constant. However, adaptation is often observed resulting in changed productivities over time. The observed adaptation can be coupled to the selective pressure of the nutrient-limited environment in the chemostat. We argue that population heterogeneity should be taken into account when studying adaptation in the chemostat. We propose to investigate adaptation at the single-cell level and discuss the potential of different single-cell technologies, which could be used to increase the understanding of the phenomena. Currently, none of the discussed single-cell technologies fulfill all our criteria but in combination they may reveal important information, which can be used to understand and potentially control the adaptation.
Dysfunction of Mitochondrial Ca2+ Regulatory Machineries in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Jung Hyunsu , Kim Su Yeon , Canbakis Cecen Fatma Sema , Cho Yongcheol , Kwon Seok-Kyu
Published: December 2020

Calcium ions (Ca2+) play critical roles in neuronal processes, such as signaling pathway activation, transcriptional regulation, and synaptic transmission initiation. Therefore, the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis is one of the most important processes underlying the basic cellular viability and function of the neuron. Multiple components, including intracellular organelles and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, are involved in neuronal Ca2+ control, and recent studies have focused on investigating the roles of mitochondria in synaptic function. Numerous mitochondrial Ca2+ regulatory proteins have been identified in the past decade, with studies demonstrating the tissue- or cell-type-specific function of each component. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter and its binding subunits are major inner mitochondrial membrane proteins contributing to mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, whereas the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) are well-studied proteins involved in Ca2+ extrusion. The level of cytosolic Ca2+ and the resulting characteristics of synaptic vesicle release properties are controlled via mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release at presynaptic sites, while in dendrites, mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation affects synaptic plasticity. During brain aging and the progress of neurodegenerative disease, mitochondrial Ca2+ mishandling has been observed using various techniques, including live imaging of Ca2+ dynamics. Furthermore, Ca2+ dysregulation not only disrupts synaptic transmission but also causes neuronal cell death. Therefore, understanding the detailed pathophysiological mechanisms affecting the recently discovered mitochondrial Ca2+ regulatory machineries will help to identify novel therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss current research into mitochondrial Ca2+ regulatory machineries and how mitochondrial Ca2+ dysregulation contributes to brain aging and neurodegenerative disease.
Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems as Defense Against Flood Damages: An Economic Perspective
Authors: Barbier Edward B.
Published: December 2020

The rapid loss of estuarine and coastal ecosystems (ECEs) in recent years has raised concerns over their role in protecting coastal communities from storms that damage property, cause deaths, and inflict injuries. This paper reviews valuation studies of the protective service of ECEs in terms of reducing flood damages. Although the number of studies have grown significantly, there is still a need for a greater range of studies in more locations and for a wider variety of ecosystems. This review also examines, from an economic perspective, the issues and challenges surrounding estimating the protective benefits of ECEs, as exemplified by some of the recent valuation studies. Recent developments in valuation methods are summarized and critically reviewed. Important challenges remain in valuing coastal ecosystems as a defense against flood damages. The review discusses two of them, such as how protective benefits are subject to spatial variability and dependent on connectivity across “seascapes.” These challenges, along with analyzing the multiple benefits of estuarine and coastal ecosystems, are important areas of future research priority.
Achieving Net Zero Emissions Requires the Knowledge and Skills of the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Hastings Astley , Smith Pete
Published: December 2020

The challenge facing society in the 21st century is to improve the quality of life for all citizens in an egalitarian way, providing sufficient food, shelter, energy, and other resources for a healthy meaningful life, while at the same time decarbonizing anthropogenic activity to provide a safe global climate, limiting temperature rise to well-below 2°C with the aim of limiting the temperature increase to no more than 1.5°C. To do this, the world must achieve net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050. Currently spreading wealth and health across the globe is dependent on growing the GDP of all countries, driven by the use of energy, which until recently has mostly been derived from fossil fuel. Recently, some countries have decoupled their GDP growth and greenhouse gas emissions through a rapid increase in low carbon energy generation. Considering the current level of energy consumption and projected implementation rates of low carbon energy production, a considerable quantity of fossil fuels is projected to be used to fill the gap, and to avoid emissions of GHG and close the gap between the 1.5°C carbon budget and projected emissions, carbon capture and storage (CCS) on an industrial scale will be required. In addition, the IPCC estimate that large-scale GHG removal from the atmosphere is required to limit warming to below 2°C using technologies such as Bioenergy CCS and direct carbon capture with CCS to achieve climate safety. In this paper, we estimate the amount of carbon dioxide that will have to be captured and stored, the storage volume, technology, and infrastructure required to achieve the energy consumption projections with net zero GHG emissions by 2050. We conclude that the oil and gas production industry alone has the geological and engineering expertise and global reach to find the geological storage structures and build the facilities, pipelines, and wells required. Here, we consider why and how oil and gas companies will need to morph from hydrocarbon production enterprises into net zero emission energy and carbon dioxide storage enterprises, decommission facilities only after CCS, and thus be economically sustainable businesses in the long term, by diversifying in and developing this new industry.
Coronary Artery Calcification Under Statin Therapy and Its Effect on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lai Runmin , Ju Jianqing , Lin Qian , Xu Hao
Published: December 2020

Objective: To compare Agatston scores between patients without statin therapy and those under standard and intensive statin therapy and to systematically review the relationship between coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression under statin therapy and cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: Literature search was conducted across databases. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies that reported Agatston scores at baseline and follow-up from patients with and without statin therapy were included. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.

Results: Seven studies were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses. Agatston scores in all groups were increased at follow-up. Meta-analysis of data from the included studies revealed an insignificantly lower CAC score at follow-up in the experimental groups. Subgroup analysis showed that statins slowed down CAC progression mildly but with statistical significance in population with baseline CAC score >400 in the experimental groups (P = 0.009). Despite that calcification progressors had worse cardiovascular outcome than did non-progressors, it appeared that baseline CAC score had more decisive effects on cardiovascular outcomes. CAC progression under statin therapy did not increase cardiovascular risk, although more supportive data are needed.

Conclusion: Statins do not reduce or enhance CAC as measured by Agatston score in asymptomatic populations at high risk of cardiovascular diseases, but seem to slow down CAC progression. Although our result was robust, it was restricted by small sample size and relatively short follow-up period. Further studies on the relationship between CAC progression under statin therapy and cardiovascular outcomes are needed.
The Bayesian Additive Regression Trees Formula for Safe Machine Learning-Based Intraocular Lens Predictions
Authors: Clarke Gerald P. , Kapelner Adam
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Our work introduces a highly accurate, safe, and sufficiently explicable machine-learning (artificial intelligence) model of intraocular lens power (IOL) translating into better post-surgical outcomes for patients with cataracts. We also demonstrate its improved predictive accuracy over previous formulas.

Methods: We collected retrospective eye measurement data on 5,331 eyes from 3,276 patients across multiple centers who received a lens implantation during cataract surgery. The dependent measure is the post-operative manifest spherical equivalent error from intended and the independent variables are the patient- and eye-specific characteristics. This dataset was split so that one subset was for formula construction and the other for validating our new formula. Data excluded fellow eyes, so as not to confound the prediction with bilateral eyes.

Results: Our formula is three times more precise than reported studies with a median absolute IOL error of 0.204 diopters (D). When converted to absolute predictive refraction errors on the cornea, the median error is 0.137 D which is close to the IOL manufacturer tolerance. These estimates are validated out-of-sample and thus are expected to reflect the future performance of our prediction formula, especially since our data were collected from a wide variety of patients, clinics, and manufacturers.

Conclusion: The increased precision of IOL power calculations has the potential to optimize patient positive refractive outcomes. Our model also provides uncertainty plots that can be used in tandem with the clinician’s expertise and previous formula output, further enhancing the safety.

Translational relavance: Our new machine learning process has the potential to significantly improve patient IOL refractive outcomes safely.