bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Standards, Certifications and Labels for Bio-based Products in the Context of Sustainable Bioeconomy
Authors: Bracco Stefania , Calicioglu Özgül , Flammini Alessandro , San Juan Marta Gomez , Bogdanski Anne
Published: February 2020

Bioeconomy has been proposed as a pathway to sustainable development in many countries. However, the difficulties in defining the bioeconomy boundaries at the national level might necessitate the adoption of a sectoral approach to monitor and evaluate the success of its development. In this resolution, standards, certifications and labelling (SCL) schemes for bioeconomy-related sectors might be an essential source of data. The study evaluates the potential to use SCL schemes as a source for monitoring and evaluating sustainable bioeconomy, by analysing the sustainability aspects (chain-of-custody, environmental, economic and social themes) considered in selected SCL schemes. A variety of SCL schemes for different stages of the bioeconomy value chains were subjected to analysis on whether they consider internationally agreed aspirational principles and criteria for sustainable bioeconomy. The aspects most frequently mentioned by the requirement lists of the analysed SCL schemes were identified, along with the highlights on the least-frequently mentioned sustainability topics.
A Demonstration of Practical DNS Attacks and their Mitigation Using DNSSEC
Authors: Khan Israr , Farrelly William , Curran Kevin
Published: February 2020

The authors implement common attacks on a DNS server and demonstrate that DNSSEC is an effective solution to counter DNS security flaws. This research demonstrates how to counter the zone transfer attack via the generation of DNSSEC keys on the name servers which prevent attackers from obtaining a full zone transfer as its request for the transfer without the keys was denied by the primary server. This article also provides a detailed scenario of how DNSSEC can be used as a mechanism to protect against the attack if an attacker tried to perform Cache Poisoning. The authors ultimately show that a DNSSEC server will not accept responses from unauthorised entities and would only accept responses which are authenticated throughout the DNSSEC chain of trust.
The Effects of Online Cues and Perceived Risk on Customer Loyalty
Authors: Prashar Sanjeev , Verma Pranay
Published: February 2020

This article investigates the influence of perceived risk upon product display satisfaction, price comparison satisfaction, assortment satisfaction, and customer loyalty for footwear retail sales conducted online in India. 458 survey responses from college students who had purchased footwear online were analyzed. The findings show that price comparison satisfaction is the most important factor influencing assortment satisfaction. Assortment satisfaction leads to customer loyalty. The model suggests perceived risk is vital for customer loyalty, and that males and females perceive the relationship between product display satisfaction, assortment satisfaction, and price comparison satisfaction differently. Product display satisfaction, price comparison satisfaction, and assortment satisfaction are antecedents to customer loyalty but independent of perceived purchase risk
The Cultural Foundation of Information Security Behavior
Authors: Lin Canchu , Kunnathur Anand S. , Li Long
Published: February 2020

Past behavior research overwhelmingly focused on information security policy compliance and under explored the role of organizational context in shaping information security behaviors. To address this research gap, this study integrated two threads of literature: organizational culture, and information security behavior control, and proposed a framework that integrates mid-range theories used in empirical research, connects them to organizational culture, and predicts its role in information security behavior control. Consistent with the cultural-fit perspective, this framework shows that information security policy compliance fits hierarchical culture and the approach of promoting positive, proactive, and emerging information security behaviors fits participative culture. Contributions and practical implications of this framework, together with future research directions, are discussed.
Energy Management in a Multi-Source Energy Harvesting IoT System
Authors: Garg Ritu , Garg Neha
Published: February 2020

To guarantee the uninterrupted operation of an IoT node, IoT nodes are installed with energy harvesting techniques to prolong their lifetime and recharge their batteries. Mostly energy harvesting systems collect energy from sunlight and wind. However, the energy harvested from the sunlight is non-continuous and energy harvested from the wind is insufficient for continuously powering an IoT node. Thus, to resolve this problem, authors proposed an energy harvesting system namely SWEH which harvests energy from solar light and wind. In this article, authors proposed a scheduling algorithm to balance the energy produced by SWEH and the energy consumption of an IoT node that results in the energy neutral system. Results from simulation analysis clearly manifest that the proposed SWEH system extracts more energy as compared to energy produced by a single solar panel or wind turbine. With the help of simulation results, authors also show that the proposed algorithm leaves the system in energy neutral state at the end of particular time frame.
SysSensory
Authors: Alvelos Helena , Teixeira Leonor , Ramos Ana Luísa Ferreira Andrade , Xambre Ana Raquel
Published: February 2020

Sensory analysis is an area of the food industry to evaluate products' organoleptic characteristics. It encompasses a tasting process that produces large amounts of data used both in decisions about the products and to evaluate the tasters. In this context, some tools that usually support Industrial Engineering processes, can help making more reliable and timely decisions. The aim of this work is then to present a decision support system – SysSensory – developed to help food companies' deal with that data, by means of collecting, processing and visualizing it. Therefore, some statistical techniques incorporated in the system are explained, the specification of the system is described and some of the system's user interfaces are presented. SysSensory is considered a valuable contribute for researchers on Sensory Analysis, Statistics, as well as Information Technologies, and also for the food industry, for which it can be an innovative tool.
Identification of Co-Changed Classes in Software Applications Using Software Quality Attributes
Authors: Agrawal Anushree , Singh R. K.
Published: February 2020

When changes are made to software applications often, defects can occur in software applications, and eventually leads to expensive operational faults. Comprehensive testing is not feasible with the limited time and resources available. There is a need for test case selection and prioritization so that testing can be completed with maximum confidence in a minimum time. Advance knowledge of co-changed classes in software applications can be very useful during the software maintenance phase. In this article, the authors have proposed a co-change prediction model based upon the combination of structural code measures and dynamic revision history from change repository. Univariate analysis is applied to identify the useful measures in co-change identification. The proposed model is validated using eight open source software applications. The results are promising and indicate that they can be very beneficial in maintenance of software applications.
A Fuzzy Matching based Image Classification System for Printed and Handwritten Text Documents
Authors: Puri Shalini , Singh Satya Prakash
Published: February 2020

This article proposes a bi-leveled image classification system to classify printed and handwritten English documents into mutually exclusive predefined categories. The proposed system follows the steps of preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and SVM based character classification at level 1, and word association and fuzzy matching based document classification at level 2. The system architecture and its modular structure discuss various task stages and their functionalities. Further, a case study on document classification is discussed to show the internal score computations of words and keywords with fuzzy matching. The experiments on proposed system illustrate that the system achieves promising results in the time-efficient manner and achieves better accuracy with less computation time for printed documents than handwritten ones. Finally, the performance of the proposed system is compared with the existing systems and it is observed that proposed system performs better than many other systems.
Best practice production to reduce the water footprint of dairy milk
Authors: Palhares Julio Cesar Pascale , Novelli Taisla Inara , Morelli Marcela
Published: February 2020

This study evaluated the impact of diet as a mitigation action to improve the water efficiency of lactating cows. An intensive pasture dairy system was considered to calculate direct and indirect water use. Group 1 was fed with a diet containing 20% crude protein content. The crude protein content of Group 2 was adjusted according to milk production, ranging from 23% to 14.5%. The total water footprints had a value of 502.4 L kg-1 fat protein corrected milk for Group 1 and 451.2 L kg-1 fat protein corrected milk for Group 2. The diet with the adjusted protein provided a reduction of 10% in the footprint value. The green water footprint was the most representative of consumption in the total value of the water footprint, 86.4% and 85.5% for Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The animals in Group 1 had a mean total drinking water consumption of 83.3 L animal-1 day-1 and those of Group 2, 80.4 L animal-1 day-1. This study demonstrated that high crude protein content in the diet provided a greater water footprint, therefore lower water efficiency. The proposed nutritional practice proved viable as a water-mitigating action, making the ratio of liters of water per liter of milk more advantageous. The results of this study could be considered a validation of a nutritional mitigation practice to improve water efficiency and could be used as best management for the dairy supply chain.
Traditional communal understanding of crime and the role of social therapy: ideas from African philosophy
Authors: Masitera Erasmus
Published: February 2020

In this essay, I challenge the contemporary social practice of conceptualizing crime as solely an individual’s fault and one’s responsibility. The individuation of the person is highly impersonal, causes fragmentation, marginalisation of the individual, and the destruction of the traditional practice of considering an individual as an integral part of the society. In contrast to this perspective, I make a case for a communal correctional system that is based on a traditional African social therapeutic system. This is a system that considers crime as causing ontological disorder or disharmony especially in communities that are communitarian in nature, and which considers all crimes as disrupting communal harmony. Furthermore, I argue that correcting wrongdoing is also an opportunity for communities to introspect themselves, i.e. reconsider existing practices and views for the community’s benefit and that of a faltering individual. My focus in this essay is on revealing African understanding of crime and correcting it as a plausible alternative to the existing western correcting system.Keywords: Community, individual, crime, reconciliation, restorative justice, social therapy, harmony
Comparando e integrando: entre o crescimento econômico, a história global e a grande divergência
Authors: Santos Marco Aurélio dos
Published: February 2020

O artigo discute o método comparativo-integrativo como ferramenta de análise de estudiosos – tais como Kenneth Pomeranz, André Gunder Frank, Jack Goldstone e John M. Hobson – ligados à perspectiva da Grande Divergência. Esses historiadores, chamados de revisionistas, criticam noções que reputam eurocêntricas sobre o crescimento econômico global entre os anos 1400 e 1800, aproximadamente. Com a comparação e a integração, os revisionistas escrutinaram os fatores holísticos que favoreceram o desenvolvimento do capitalismo histórico, apontando uma perspectiva que permite vislumbrar uma história global com amplas integrações no mundo afro-euro-asiático antes do capitalismo globalizante dos séculos XIX e XXI. Como conclusão, pode-se entender que o desenvolvimento do capitalismo histórico a partir do longo século XVI integrou múltiplos espaços do mundo afro-euro-asiático, que se condicionaram mutuamente, num processo sempre crescente de globalização das relações econômicas e de desenvolvimento de amplas redes comerciais.
Memórias entrelaçadas: versões do passado na Alemanha e no Japão, 1945-2001
Authors: Conrad Sebastian
Published: February 2020

Mesmo em nossa era da globalização, os estudos de história da memória tendem a reforçar a categoria de nação. Isso vale também para as interpretações das diferentes maneiras pelas quais a Alemanha Ocidental e o Japão lidaram com suas próprias atrocidades e derrotas na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Frequentemente, os historiadores opõem o engajamento crítico com o passado recente na Alemanha à recusa japonesa em reconhecer, no pós-guerra, suas próprias responsabilidades. A causa desses desenvolvimentos divergentes é, segundo essa linha de raciocínio, invariavelmente encontrada na história interna desses dois países quando não na psique coletiva alemã e na japonesa. Em contrapartida, este artigo argumenta que debates sobre memória não se desenrolam em isolamento nacional, e que suas diferentes trajetórias precisam ser situadas em um contexto global.
Risk of chronic opioid use in older persons with pre-existing anxiety
Authors: Moffat, PhD Anna K. , Pratt, PhD Nicole L. , Kerr, MSc Mhairi , Kalisch Ellett, PhD Lisa M. , Roughead, PhD Elizabeth E.
Published: February 2020

Objective: Work that has shown a relationship between anxiety and chronic opioid use has not focused on older people specifically, despite the additional risks in older populations. This study aimed to understand whether anxiety prior to opioid initiation increased the likelihood of chronic opioid use over time in persons aged 60 years or older.Design: Administrative claims data were used to calculate time between initiation of opioids and a first chronic episode of opioid use. Patients were classified as having a history of anxiety if they were dispensed medicines in the anxiolytics class or had a hospitalization event for anxiety prior to treatment with an opioid. Proportional hazards models were used to compare the likelihood of experiencing a chronic episode of opioid use between those with and without a history of anxiety.Results: The cohort was 15,000 persons, of which, 5,076 (34 percent) had history of anxiety. Those with anxiety prior to their first opioid dispensing were 30 percent more likely to have an episode of chronic use after adjustment for age, gender, number of comorbidities, and prior surgery (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.16-1.47). The risk of a chronic episode in patients who had surgery prior to initiation of an opioid was 60 percent greater in those with anxiety compared to no anxiety (HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.21-2.11) and 24 percent greater in those with anxiety but no prior surgery (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.08-1.42).Conclusions: A significant proportion of older people will have a chronic episode of opioid use. This risk is increased where a history of anxiety is present.
A model for an institutional response to the opioid crisis
Authors: Hanna, MD, MEHP Marie N. , Chambers, PhD Chester , Punyala, MS Ananth , Iqbal, MS Asniya , Singh, MD, MPH, MS Bhuchitra , Oruc, MS Cagla , Prakash, MS Priyamvadha , Prajapati, MS Yash , Wang, MS Yidong , Ai, MS Zeyu Amery , Shechter, MD Ronen , Speed, MD, PhD Traci J. , Koch, MD, MS, MBA Colleen G. , Williams, MD, MBA Kayode
Published: February 2020

The use of opioid analgesics for pain management has increased dramatically over the past decade, with corresponding increases in negative sequelae including overdose and death. Physicians, policymakers, and researchers are focused on finding ways to decrease opioid use and overdose. This crisis calls for a coordinated response that includes the entire healthcare sector. In this work, the authors lay out a blueprint for such a response at the level of the academic medical center. The proposed model is a comprehensive opioid overdose prevention, response, and education program to evaluate, monitor, and address prescription opioid-related adverse events and addiction among all patients within a healthcare system. The approach includes three inter-related elements: (1) creation of an organizational structure that is subdivided into subcommittees to facilitate cross-functional collaboration and implementation. These subcommittees will focus on Research and Design, Implementation, Advisory, and Compliance with the recommendation. (2) Development of an effective communication plan throughout the institution to enable the organization to function seamlessly and efficiently as a single unit, (3) development of a data tracking and reporting system that intended to have a 360° view of all aspects of opioid prescription and downstream patient outcomes. The most effective response system will require an organizational structure that facilitates the ad hoc constitution of cross-functional teams with members drawn from all levels of the organizational hierarchy (executive leadership to frontline staff). Such a structure provides the teams with immediate solutions as developed by the frontline staff and authority to remove institutional barriers that may delay or limit the successful implementation. The model described was developed in our institution by a cross-functional team that included members from the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins University Carey Business School, Department of Operations Management. The multidisciplinary nature of collaboration allowed us to develop a model for an immediate institution-wide response to the opioid crisis, and one that other healthcare organizations could adopt with local modification as a template for execution. The model also meant to serve as a template for an institutional rapid-response that can be seamlessly implemented during any future drug-related crisis or epidemic.
Volume 16, Number 1
Authors: Opioid Management Journal of
Published: February 2020

January/February 2020
Beach and indoor volleyball athletes present similar lower limb muscle activation during a countermovement jump
Authors: Bello Fabio Dal , Aedo-Muñoz Esteban , Moreira Danilo Gomes , Brito Ciro José , Miarka Bianca , Cabello Enrique Navarro
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The study aimed to compare and correlate the power, height, eccentric and concentric force development rate of 3 sequential attempts of countermovement jump (CMJ) and the respective muscle response in beach and indoor volleyball athletes.

Methods

The sample involved high-level hard court indoor volleyball (HCIV, n = 7) and high-level sand court beach volleyball (SCBV, n = 6) athletes. They performed 3 CMJs (1st CMJ vs. 2nd CMJ vs. 3rd CMJ) to determine the height, eccentric force development rate (EFDR), concentric force development rate (CFDR), power, and lower limbs muscle electrical activity.

Results

Difference was demonstrated between HCIV vs. SCBV players in 3rd CMJ EFDR (–270.2 ± 31.6 N/s vs. –214.3 ± 38.7 N/s). In HCIV, 1st CMJ was different from 2nd CMJ and 3rd CMJ in EFDR (–239.0 ± 27.3 N/s vs. –285.6 ± 40.2 N/s and –270.2 ± 31.6 N/s), CFDR (87.8 ± 24.4 N/s vs. 89.6 ± 25.7 N/s and 75.0 ± 23.6 N/s), and power (2341.8 ± 342.3 W vs. 2433.9 ± 327.2 W and 2411.0 ± 358.5 W). In SCBV, 2nd CMJ was different from 3rd CMJ in EFDR (–267.1 ± 45.2 N/s vs. –214.3 ± 38.7 N/s). In 2nd CMJ, the left gluteus presented lower electrical activity than the left medial gastrocnemius, and HCIV revealed a difference between the response of the right and left gluteus in 3rd CMJ.

Conclusions

Our analysis demonstrated ca. 70% of good or excellent intra-class correlation between the beach and indoor groups.
Magnitude, trends, and impacts of ambient long-term ozone exposure in the United States from 2000 to 2015
Authors: Seltzer Karl M. , Shindell Drew T. , Kasibhatla Prasad , Malley Christopher S.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Long-term exposure to ambient ozone (O3) is
associated with a variety of impacts, including adverse human-health effects
and reduced yields in commercial crops. Ground-level O3 concentrations
for assessments are typically predicted using chemical transport models;
however such methods often feature biases that can influence impact
estimates. Here, we develop and apply artificial neural networks to
empirically model long-term O3 exposure over the continental United
States from 2000 to 2015, and we generate a measurement-based assessment of
impacts on human-health and crop yields. Notably, we found that two
commonly used human-health averaging metrics, based on separate
epidemiological studies, differ in their trends over the study period. The
population-weighted, April–September average of the daily 1 h maximum
concentration peaked in 2002 at 55.9 ppb and decreased by 0.43 [95 % CI:
0.28, 0.57] ppb yr−1 between 2000 and 2015, yielding an ∼18 %
decrease in normalized human-health impacts. In contrast, there was little
change in the population-weighted, annual average of the maximum daily
8 h average concentration between 2000 and 2015, which resulted in a
∼5 % increase in normalized human-health impacts. In both
cases, an aging population structure played a substantial role in modulating
these trends. Trends of all agriculture-weighted crop-loss metrics indicated
yield improvements, with reductions in the estimated national relative yield
loss ranging from 1.7 % to 1.9 % for maize, 5.1 % to 7.1 % for soybeans, and
2.7 % for wheat. Overall, these results provide a measurement-based
estimate of long-term O3 exposure over the United States, quantify the
historical trends of such exposure, and illustrate how different conclusions
regarding historical impacts can be made through the use of varying metrics.
The global impact of bacterial processes on carbon mass
Authors: Ervens Barbara , Amato Pierre
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Many recent studies have identified biological material as a major
fraction of ambient aerosol loading. A small fraction of these bioaerosols
consist of bacteria that have attracted a lot of attention due to their role
in cloud formation and adverse health effects. Current atmospheric models
consider bacteria as inert quantities and neglect cell growth and
multiplication. We provide here a framework to estimate the production of
secondary biological aerosol (SBA) mass in clouds by microbial cell growth
and multiplication. The best estimate of SBA formation rates of 3.7 Tg yr−1 is comparable to previous model estimates of the primary emission
of bacteria into the atmosphere, and thus this might represent a previously
unrecognized source of biological aerosol material. We discuss in detail the
large uncertainties associated with our estimates based on the rather sparse
available data on bacteria abundance, growth conditions, and properties.
Additionally, the loss of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) due to
microbial processes in cloud droplets has been suggested to compete under
some conditions with WSOC loss by chemical (OH) reactions. Our estimates
suggest that microbial and chemical processes might lead to a global loss of
WSOC of 8–11 and 8–20 Tg yr−1, respectively. While
this estimate is very approximate, the analysis of the uncertainties
and ranges of all parameters suggests that high concentrations of
metabolically active bacteria in clouds might represent an efficient sink
for organics. Our estimates also highlight the urgent need for more data
concerning microbial concentrations, fluxes, and activity in the atmosphere
to evaluate the role of bacterial processes as net aerosol sinks or sources on
various spatial and temporal scales.
COMPARISON OF GNSS PWV AND ERA5-DERIVED PWV BASED ON GNSS PWV IN HONG KONG, CHINA
Authors: Li Z. W. , Tang C. Z. , Tang S. H. , Zhang Y.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Water vapor is the most abundant atmospheric gas, and it plays a vital role in the evolution of the Earth's climate. Precipitable water vapor (PWV) is a key factor in monitoring the climate and hydrological cycle. The use of GNSS to estimate PWV is a very effective method. This paper uses 17 satellite positioning reference stations in SatRef, Hong Kong, China, in 2017 to calculate the PWV and introduce the latest reanalysis data set of the European Medium Range Weather Forecast Ingenued Center (ECMWF) ERA5 into this study. The accuracy of THE PWV derived from ERA5 was evaluated using the GNSS-derived PWV. In Hong Kong, the annual bias and RMSE values of GNSS-derived ZTD and ERA5-derived ZTDs are 1.16 cm and 1.78 cm respectively, while the annual RMSE values of GNSS-derived PWV and ERA5-derived PWV are 0.51 cm and 0.57 cm, respectively. The daily changes of GNSS PWV in 2017 are analyzed, and the results show that the ZTD effect of THE ERA5 reanalysis data derived in the small range area is not very ideal, but the accuracy of the PWV derived from ERA5 is better.
NO-COST LANDSAT DATA REDEFINES STUDENT RESEARCH PROJECTS IN APPLIED REMOTE SENSING CLASSES AT UW
Authors: Sivanpillai R.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Students enrolled in an applied remote sensing class at University of Wyoming are required to complete a term research project. They have to apply the concepts learned throughout the semester to address a real-world problem in a natural resource management topic that uses remotely sensed imagery data. Prior to the availability of no-cost Landsat data, students in this class had to restrict the scope of their projects to images available in the smaller archives maintained by academic and research institutions. Since the US Geological Survey (USGS) made the entire Landsat archive available at no-cost, opportunities have increased for students to use those data in class projects. Now, students can download as many Landsat images as is needed to address the scope of their project. Using examples from previous years, this paper describes how no-cost Landsat imagery has allowed students enrolled in an applied remote sensing class to add depth and breadth to their projects.
INTEROPERABILITY OF VARIOUS DATA STREAMS WITHIN GUYANA’s MRV SYSTEM
Authors: Watt P. , Bholanath P. , Dewnath N. , Smartt T. , Chan C. , Donoghue D.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. In 2010 Guyana started work on the development of a national Monitoring Reporting and Verification System (MRVs) to quantify and measure the changes in the country’s forest cover carbon and carbon emissions. A necessary part of this process involved the identification of reliable Earth Observation data of sufficient resolution to detect and quantify land use change in Guyana's forests. Over the past 10 years the MRVs has evaluated and integrated many data streams used to; map national-scale forest change, support the analysis, and importantly datasets suitable to determine the accuracy of the change area mapped. Guyana’s approach has evolved over time, to accommodate new technologies, but at its core the MRVs recognises the importance of local management, existing datasets and linking these elements to appropriate EO data such as Landsat, RapidEye, Sentinel, Planet Scope and very high spatial resolution aerial imagery. From the outset the MRVs development was divided into phases. This approach recognises that not all MRVs reporting functions can be satisfied immediately. For Phase 1 (Years 2010 to 2014) of the MRVS, historical change analysis was conducted using Landsat 30 m resolution imagery. Being a persistently cloudy country alternative EO data sources were included, with Landsat and DMC imagery largely superseded by 5 m resolution RapidEye imagery. After five years of monitoring the forest change baselines, methods, reporting processes and standard operating procedures had been well established and able to provide the required performance-based indicators. The focus of MRVs phase 2 (Years 2015 to 2019) was to retain the reporting standards already achieved while also streamlining processes, improving functionality and reducing operational costs (i.e. the reliance on commercial image data) post-2019. Process improvements and operational research targeted two areas; the feasibility of using freely available Landsat and 10 metre resolution Sentinel data to map countrywide deforestation, and development of a sample-based approach to estimate degradation from aerial imagery and Planet Scope (3–5 metres resolution). Guyana’s move to integrate multiple data streams has been driven by the need for higher temporal resolution, repeated monitoring, and the creation of a data agnostic system to supports multiple decision-making processes on forest management. While the originally the MRVs was intended to support REDD+ reporting, the flexibility of the system design has meant it is proving to be invaluable tool for natural resources management in Guyana.
A MULTI-SCALE SEGMENTATION APPROACH TO FILLING GAPS IN LANDSAT ETM+ SLC-OFF IMAGES THROUGH PIXEL WEIGHTING
Authors: Marujo R. F. B. , Fonseca L. M. G. , Körting T. S. , Bendini H. N.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Monitoring changes on Earth’s surface is a difficult task commonly performed using multi-spectral remote sensing images. The absence of surface information in optical images due to the presence of cloud, low temporal resolution and sensors defects interfere in analyses. In this context, we present an approach for filling gaps in imagery mainly caused by small clouds and sensor defects. Our method consists of an adaptation from an existing method that uses spatial context of close-in-time images through the use of the most frequent value obtained using multiscale segmentation. Our method uses the pixel proportion contained in each segment to fill missing values. We applied the gap-filling methodology on three dates containing simulated images from Landsat7 using Landsat8 images. We validated the method by introducing and filling artificial gaps, and comparing the original data with model predictions. The developed approach surpassed Maxwell et al. (2007) gap-filling method for all bands, presenting a minimal R2 of 0.78. Our method proved to enhance the Maxwell et al. (2007) gap-filling method, while also asymptotically maintaining the algorithm cost. It also allowed image texture to be conserved on reconstructed images. This characteristic enables narrow features, e.g., as roads, riparian areas, and small streams capable of being detected on the filled images. Based on that, further object-based approaches can be used on images filled using this methodology, demonstrating its capacity to estimate Earth’s surface data.
Didactic Principles in Teaching Additional Foreign Language in Uzbekistan Context
Authors: Makhkamova Gulnara , Amirkulov Akram
Published: February 2020

Uzbekistanis a multilingual country, therefore the problems of multididactics in higher education has been arisen for the last period. This paper offers the current ideas in multilingualism, multilingual assumptions for teaching an additional foreign language and implications of the changes of instructional input in the context of multididactics. In particular, the article aims to look into the issues of teaching additional foreign language for occupational purpose in theUzbekistancontext. This study emphasizes the specificity of the cognitive process in teaching and learning two foreign languages for vocational aims and presents the principles of multilingual didactics. More specifically, the article brings an overview of didactic principles in the context of positive and negative transfer of the previous language experiences in learning Italian as additional foreign language atTashkent-TurinPolytechnicUniversity. The successful methods and techniques for application the didactic principles into practice of teaching the Italian language are also described within this article.
The Digital Harrisburg Project: Placing the Population of a Progressive Era City
Authors: Pettegrew David , Sarvis Albert
Published: February 2020

Our article describes the work of the Digital Harrisburg Project in placing the population of Pennsylvania's capital city on geocoded historical maps in 1900–1930. We argue that geocoded census data—population tied to precise locations in a GIS—marks a game-changer for creating fine-grained historical pictures of human mobility and changing urban diversity. Because historical federal census tables recorded information about race, immigration, occupation, property value, and home address, the historian has the power to study patterns of residence that relate to complex forces such as regional and global immigration, economic change, and urban reform. Census records and historical maps are hardly unproblematic, however, and require care in analysis and interpretation. The article highlights the digital project and data, the challenges of digitizing demographic records and geocoding urban space, and potential applications for rethinking historical problems such as City Beautiful.
“Charms Which No Other Ground Possesses”: Wildwood Park in Harrisburg's City Beautiful Movement
Authors: McClure Joseph R.
Published: February 2020

Wildwood Park was the pinnacle of Harrisburg's park system during the City Beautiful movement in the early twentieth century. But as the movement declined, so did the park. Eventually, Wildwood bounced back, returning to its place as a site for recreation, nature, and beauty.
Bellevue Park: The Suburb Beautiful and Enduring
Authors: Singer Matthew Frederick
Published: February 2020

City Beautiful leader J. Horace McFarland and Herman Miller, working with landscape designer and urban planner Warren Manning, conceived and developed Bellevue Park in the 1910s and 1920s as Pennsylvania's first fully planned suburban community at the eastern edge of Harrisburg's city limits. They committed to creating a stylistically consistent and rationally designed environment, focus on preserving and enhancing the natural landscape, belief in the power of natural and human-made beauty to uplift, and preference for neoclassical Colonial Revival forms. McFarland, Miller, and Manning—joined by the new neighborhood's first residents—applied City Beautiful approaches and values previously applied to civic and other public spaces to a new sphere: the private and domestic.
Harrisburg's Historic African American Community: An Interview with Calobe Jackson Jr.
Authors: LaGrand James B. , Pettegrew David
Published: February 2020

This excerpted oral history with Calobe Jackson Jr., prominent citizen and local historian, discusses Harrisburg's African American community in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, relationships between the city's black and white population, the City Beautiful movement, and the Commonwealth Monument Project.
Multimorbidade em idosas de um centro de referência e atenção ao idoso
Authors: Biasi Luísa Victória , Bertoletti De Marchi Ana Carolina , Sant’Anna Alves Ana Luisa , Aresi Ceolin Natália , Bressan Giacomini Tainá , Selong Valéria Paula , Bervian Juliane , Doring Marlene , Rodrigues Portella Marilene , De Moura Scortegagna Helenice , Dalmolin Bernadete Maria
Published: February 2020

Introdução: A multimorbilidade é definida como a presença de duas ou mais doenças crônicas (DC) e está associada à diminuição da qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Identificar a presença de multimorbidade em idosas. Metodologia: Estudo transversal com idosas, com 60 anos ou mais, matriculadas em oficinas do Centro deReferência e Atenção ao Idoso da Universidade de Passo Fundo/RS (Creati-UPF). Foi aplicado um questionário contendo variáveis demográficas, ocioeconômicas e presença de patologias. Resultados: Foram investigadas 340 idosas, dessas 43,2% apresentavam duas ou mais DC. A prevalência foi maior entre as idosas daclasse econômica C, em relação as classes A e B, em idosas com sobrepeso e obesidade quando comparado com as idosas com baixo peso e eutróficas. Conclusões: A partir dos resultados obtidos, este achado pode contribuir para o manejo de idosas com multimorbidade.
NUTRINFORM: Desenvolvimento de aplicativo para auxílio do manejo de sintomas gastrintestinais em idosos
Authors: Diniz Joyce De Sousa
Published: February 2020

Introdução: A gerontologia considera o envelhecimento como um fenômeno biológico. Sendo assim, faz-se necessário definir quais são consideradas as alterações digestivas prováveis que podem ocorrer ao longo do avanço da idade, visto que essas são partes fisiológicas do envelhecimento (GRASSI et al, 2011; HELBOSTAD et al, 2017). Nota-se que a cada dia a tecnologia torna-se melhor e mais acessível nos quesitos financeiros e de acessibilidade (MALWADE et al, 2018). A gerontecnologia caracteriza-se por sua interdisciplinaridade, associando gerontologia e tecnologia (CREBER et al, 2016). Objetivos: Desenvolver um aplicativo para dispositivos móveis para auxílio do manejo de sintomas gastrintestinais em idosos por meio de orientações nutricionais. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo de caráter experimental. Será desenvolvido um aplicativo, com o auxílio de profissional especializado, seguindo as etapas de desenvolvimento,as quais englobam o levantamento dos requisitos solicitados pelo pesquisador, elaboração do projeto, implementação, teste e por fim, implantação do aplicativo. A aplicação realizar-se-á em idosos (>60 anos), independentes, sem histórico de diagnóstico de demência e que façam uso frequente de dispositivos móveis. Resultados esperados: A associação entre tecnologia e conhecimentos de saúde pode ser a peça chave no que diz respeito à busca da qualidade de vida justa para os idosos. Almeja-se com esta pesquisa que a adesão à utilização do aplicativo desenvolvido, favoreça o manejo correto dos sintomas gastrintestinais, por meio de orientações nutricionais específicas, apresentando-se simples e acessível, tanto ao idoso, quanto a seus familiares e cuidadores, favorecendo o acesso imediato a informações essenciais. Partindo desse pressuposto, a assistência nutricional tende a mostrar-se mais eficaz, visto que, a melhora dos sintomas gastrintestinais influencia de maneira direta na manutenção do estado nutricional, englobando as variáveis de aceitação dietética, padrão alimentar e perda ponderal. Além disso, o acompanhamento nutricional será capaz de abranger informações mais completas e fidedignas, resultando em melhorias significativas no tratamento dos idosos.
Avaliação de Obesidade Sarcopênica em Idosos Acompanhados no Centro Especializado de Diabetes, Obesidade e Hipertensão do Distrito Federal
Authors: Farias Fernanda
Published: February 2020

Considerada como um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública do mundo, que vem crescendo anual no Brasil, obesidade tem alta prevalência na população acima de 18 anos no Distrito Federal. É considerado obesidade quando ocorre a combinação entre o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e a distribuição de gorduracorporal pelo corpo do indivíduo. Caracteriza-se pelo aumento de massa adiposa associada com redução de massa muscular esquelética (MME), sendo chamada de “obesidade sarcopênica”, que vai aumentando com a idade.
Relação entre sarcopenia e cognição: avaliação de seguimento do estudo FIBRA em Ermelino Matarazzo e Campinas
Authors: Cipolli Gabriela Cabett , Aprahamian Ivan , Falcão Deusivânvia Vieira da Silva , Borim Flávia Silva Arbex , Neri Anita Liberalesso , Cachioni Meire , Melo Ruth Caldeira de , Batistini Samila Sathler Tavares , Yassuda Mônica Sanches
Published: February 2020

A ligação entre a sarcopenia e a cognição ainda não foi completamente avaliada, especialmente entre os longevos. Introdução: A sarcopenia é uma síndrome caracterizada pela perda progressiva e generalizada de massa e força muscular esquelética [1]. A  identificação da sarcopenia na população idosa é essencial no contexto da Gerontologia para que sejam planejadas intervenções, reduzindo aocorrência de eventos adversos à saúde, como incapacidade física, redução na qualidade de vida e, morte [2]. Recentemente, a literatura temdemonstrado que pode existir uma relação entre a sarcopenia e o desempenho cognitivo [3]. Objetivo: examinar se a relação entre sarcopenia ecognição é observada quando diferentes estratégias são utilizadas para o diagnóstico de sarcopenia. Método: estudo de corte transversal que 2utilizou os dados da segunda avaliação do Estudo da Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros (FIBRA) em Ermelino Matarazzo e Campinas. Aamostra foi submetida a uma única sessão de coleta de dados em ambiente domiciliar, com protocolo que incluiu variáveis sociodemográficas,cognitivas (Mini-Exame do Estado Mental – MEEM e Mini Addenbrooke – Mini-ACE), medidas antropométricas, velocidade da marcha eforça de preensão manual. Massa muscular foi calculada usando a fórmula de Lee [4]. Compuseram a amostra idosos com preservação cognitivano MEEM. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 205 idosos de 80 anos ou mais, e 38 idosos (19,1%) foram identificados com sarcopenia,segundo os critérios do European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People’s (EWGSOP) [2]. Idosos com sarcopenia eram mais velhos eapresentaram pior desempenho no escore total do MEEM, da Mini-ACE e na recordação tardia deste último instrumento. Conclusões: Asarcopenia parece apresentar repercussões negativas sobre a cognição de idosos longevos.
O Idoso e a espiritualidade: aspectos positivos no enfrentamento do envelhecimento
Authors: Muniz Lúcia Emília dos Santos Veras , Tavares Fernanda Silveira
Published: February 2020

Introdução: O processo de envelhecimento traz, em seu conjunto, situações e emoções que podem tornar-se complicadas e de difícil processamento para a mente do indivíduo, incluindo as questões da finitude da vida, seu sentido e objetivo. Com isso, a espiritualidade vem como ferramenta útil para a elucidação dos novos questionamentos advindos dessa nova fase fisiológica, a fim de ser meio de suporte emocional e psicológico. A espiritualidade causa intenso encontro com questionamentos íntimos e como fator intrínseco ao ser humano. Ademais, a Organização Mundial de Saúde, no ano de 1988, colocou a espiritualidade como participante do conceito de saúde, não se valendo de crenças, ou até mesmo práticas religiosas definidas. Dessa forma, a avaliação da saúde como um todo deve incluir também a análise da espiritualidade de um indivíduo, sem interferências ou julgamentos pessoais. Objetivos: Observar os potenciais benefícios da espiritualidade no processo de envelhecimento. Métodos: Revisão narrativa por meio de seleção de artigos disponíveis em meio eletrônico que se adequem à temática sugerida. Resultados: A maioria dos estudos assume que em quase todas as culturas, a espiritualidade e suas manifestações são benéficas no processo global do envelhecimento, trazendo integração social e aspectos positivos na saúde psíquica como um todo, seja no enfrentamento de problemas, seja na aceitação de limitações e da finitude. Dessa forma, fornece alicerces mentais e embasamento para suas questões existenciais e familiares. Conclusão: A espiritualidade deve ser incentivada no idoso, relembrando sempre que este fator não está obrigatoriamente associado à prática religiosa.
Perfil das publicações sobre nutrição e idosos no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Martins Renata Breda , Ianiski Valéria Baccarin , Seibel Raquel , Couto Analie Nunes , Mazocco Leticia , Annes Maria Luiza Freitas , Da Rosa Melissa Côrtes , Schwanke Carla Helena Augustin
Published: February 2020

Introdução: O crescimento da população idosa tem despertado interesse no desenvolvimento de pesquisas que envolvam este grupo etário. Uma das temáticas investigadas é a nutrição, devido ao seu impacto no envelhecimento normal e patológico. Objetivo: deste trabalho foi descrever o perfil das publicações brasileiras sobre a temática nutrição e idosos. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática através da busca de artigos na base de dados eletrônica LILACS, realizada em maio de 2018, sem limite em relação ao ano da publicação. Foram utilizados os descritores “nutrição” e “idoso” e os filtros “idioma”, “idade” e país”. Na identificação dos assuntos investigados cada artigo poderia contemplar mais de um assunto. Resultados: Foram identificados 115 artigos. Dezessete artigos foram excluídos por não atenderem aos critérios de inclusão ou não estarem disponíveis na íntegra. Foram analisados 98 artigos, sendo a maioria estudos originais (96,0%), com delineamento transversal (80,6%), envolvendo homens e mulheres concomitantemente (83,7%). Quanto ao período, 67,3% artigos (n= 66) foram publicados entre 2010-2017, 31,6% (n= 31) entre 2000-2009 e 1,1% (n= 1) entre 1990-1999. Foram identificados 14 assuntos investigados, sendo os três mais frequentes, “estado nutricional” 51,0% (n= 50), “consumo alimentar” 29,5% (n= 29) e “antropometria” 12,2% (n= 12), e os menos frequentes “fragilidade” 1,0% (n= 1), “imagem corporal” 1,0% (n= 1) e “rotulagem de alimentos” 1,0% (n= 1). Conclusão: Observou-se maior frequência de artigos originais, com delineamento transversal, publicados no período 2010-2017 e que abordaram os assuntos estado nutricional, consumo alimentar e antropometria.
Uso de soluções e-Health para o monitoramento das condições de saúde de pacientes hipertensos
Authors: Debon Raquel , Volpi Simiane , De Marchi Ana Carolina Bertoletti
Published: February 2020

A hipertensão está cada vez mais presente na população mundial, principalmente em idosos, gerando onerosos custos a saúde pública.  Nesse cenário as aplicações e-Health através de tecnologias computacionais, buscam melhorar as condições de saúde de pacientes por meio do monitoramento dos níveis pressóricos. Diferentes estudos vem sendo realizados com essas aplicações, trazendo resultados positivos e melhoras significativas nos níveis de pressão arterial. As soluções e-Health trazem melhoras nas qualidade de saúde de pacientes hipertensos mas são necessários maiores estudos para validar sua eficácia.
UM TEMPO PARA UMA PROSA: IDOSOS EM SITUAÇÃO DE RUA NO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Dos Santos Isaac Guimarães Guimarães , Da Silva João Luis Almeida
Published: February 2020

Introdução: o aumento da expectativa de vida no Brasil tem gerado diversas repercussões na qualidade da assistência a pessoa idosa, com reflexo nos campos da saúde, social e político. Aqueles em situação de rua estão mais expostos à violência e à criminalidade com acesso precário a serviços sociais e de saúde(MATTOS, R.M.; FERREIRA, R.F., 2005) Objetivo: analisar o contexto dos idosos em situação de rua no Brasil. Métodos: revisão integrativa nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e Do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Critérios de inclusão: artigos científicos que abordassem o contexto brasileiro do idoso em situação de rua no período de 1997 a 2017. Uso dos descritores: idoso; situação de rua e sua variante morador de rua. Encontrados 10 artigos e selecionados 5 - demais não correspondiam ao critério de inclusão. Resultados: obras trazem um quantitativo maior de homens; vida sexual ativa mesmo na condição de idoso; classe baixa; cerca de 10% ainda com vínculo familiar; baixa escolaridade; funções profissionais informais; distorção na percepção de doença; vivência em ambiente hostil e sub-humano (ROSA, A.S.; CAVICCHIOLI, M.G.S.; BRÊTAS, A.C.P., 2006) . Como consequências: baixo autoestima, déficit de higiene, dificuldade de reinserção social (FERNANDES, F.S.L.; RAIZER, M.V.; BRÊTAS, A.C.P.,2007). Conclusão: contexto brasileiro com pouca produção de pesquisas relacionadas ao tema do idoso e situação de rua. Autores direcionam-se na mesma linha de causalidade da situação de rua do idoso: dificuldades de inserção no mercado de trabalho, dificuldades financeiras e rompimento de vínculos familiares, assim, é fundamental a participação da comunidade e apoio do Estado para investimentos em estratégias que visem melhorar a qualidade de vida e saúde da população idosa de rua.