bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
URBAN OR MORAL DECAY? THE CASE OF TWENTIETH CENTURY DETROIT
Authors: FAHEY Carolyn
Published: June 2017

This paper provides an alternative narrative of Detroit from one of economic struggle and racial division. It instead discusses other forces at play, focusing on questionable moral standing and its relationship to built form, specifically the city. The paper explores whether a compelling claim on building’s moral use can be established, and in doing so seeks to establish a causal link between moral relationship and the built environment. Moral relationship is established through three main avenues. The first is a brief discussion of Detroit’s history, particularly its history from WWII onward, in order to establish the complex moral context into which this argument is situated. The second avenue provides a concise summary of Stanley Cavell’s moral framework and discusses the conundrum of having moral obligation in the absence of moral relationship. The final avenue is a look to the famous Renaissance Center as emblematic of the moral relationship at play. The resulting form of analysis relies on the premises that buildings can embody the knowledge and agreement required for (moral) relationship, and that buildings are artifacts of moral relationship. The paper concludes that buildings are therefore morally appraisable, which is to say they can be appraised for their moral appropriateness.
DIMENSIONALLY STABLE WATER-BLOWN POLYURETHANE FOAM EXTENDED WITH BIO-BASED PROPYLENE GLYCOL AND MODIFIED WITH PAPER WASTE SLUDGE
Authors: KAIRYTĖ Agnė , IVDRE Aiga , VAITKUS Saulius
Published: June 2017

Paper waste sludge (PWS) is the main and the greatest by-product in paper production process, and its elimination as well as destruction is a primary environmental problem. This research explores the feasibility of such wastes to be used in polyurethane foam composites. It is well known that using water as a sole blowing agent has major drawbacks such as long demould time, shrinkage, high diffusion rate of carbon dioxide and etc.; therefore, the bio-based propylene glycol (RPG) is used in order to solve such problems. The addition of 20 parts by weight (pbw) of RPG eliminates the primary shrinkage of the foam composites when PWS is used in the amount varying from 5% to 20%, and improves the dimensional stability at 70 oC and 90% relative humidity conditions. The addition of titanate coupling agent modified PWS particles increases the compressive strength of the final composites from ̴ 26% to ̴ 53%, from ̴ 17% to ̴ 31% and from ̴ 3% to ̴ 23% for, respectively, 10 pbw, 15 pbw and 20 pbw RPG extended foam composites.
INVESTIGATION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RUBBERIZED STEEL FIBER CONCRETE
Authors: NOAMAN Ahmed Tareq , ABU BAKAR Badorul Hisham , MD. AKIL Hazizan
Published: June 2017

Researchers investigated the utilization of crumb rubber aggregate recycled from waste tire in concrete to solve the problem of discarded tire and to produce a green sustainable concrete. However, a reduction in the mechanical properties due to crumb rubber inclusion occurs. Steel fiber rubberized concrete used in this study to provide a balance between the strength loss and sustainable issue. An investigation on the mechanical properties of rubberized concrete combined with hooked – end steel fiber is presented. Rubberized concrete with different replacement ratios of crumb rubber was incorporated in plain and steel fiber concrete mixes via partial replacement of fine aggregate. Four replacement ratios (17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, and 25%) were used to investigate the effect of the partial replacement of fine aggregate by crumb rubber on the mechanical properties of plain and steel fiber concrete. In both mixes, reduction in mechanical properties was observed to be proportionate with the increment of crumb rubber. Finally, a successful combination of steel fiber and crumb rubber was obtained due to improvement of strain capacity under flexural loading.
Optical and Near-infrared Spectra of σ Orionis Isolated Planetary-mass Objects
Authors: Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Béjar V. J. S. , Ramírez K. Peña
Published: June 2017

We have obtained low-resolution optical (0.7–0.98 μm) and near-infrared (1.11–1.34 μm and 0.8–2.5 μm) spectra of 12 isolated planetary-mass candidates (J = 18.2–19.9 mag) of the 3 Myr σ Orionis star cluster with the aim of determining the spectroscopic properties of very young, substellar dwarfs and assembling a complete cluster mass function. We have classified our targets by visual comparison with high- and low-gravity standards and by measuring newly defined spectroscopic indices. We derived L0–L4.5 and M9–L2.5 using high- and low-gravity standards, respectively. Our targets reveal clear signposts of youth, thus corroborating their cluster membership and planetary masses (6–13 M
Jup). These observations complete the σ Orionis mass function by spectroscopically confirming the planetary-mass domain to a confidence level of ∼75%. The comparison of our spectra with BT-Settl solar metallicity model atmospheres yields a temperature scale of 2350–1800 K and a low surface gravity of log g ≈ 4.0 [cm s−2], as would be expected for young planetary-mass objects. We discuss the properties of the cluster’s least-massive population as a function of spectral type. We have also obtained the first optical spectrum of S Ori 70, a T dwarf in the direction of σ Orionis. Our data provide reference optical and near-infrared spectra of very young L dwarfs and a mass function that may be used as templates for future studies of low-mass substellar objects and exoplanets. The extrapolation of the σ Orionis mass function to the solar neighborhood may indicate that isolated planetary-mass objects with temperatures of ∼200–300 K and masses in the interval 6–13 M
Jup may be as numerous as very low-mass stars.
The Viewing Geometry of Brown Dwarfs Influences Their Observed Colors and Variability Amplitudes
Authors: Vos Johanna M. , Allers Katelyn N. , Biller Beth A.
Published: June 2017

In this paper we study the full sample of known Spitzer [3.6 μm] and J-band variable brown dwarfs. We calculate the rotational velocities,

, of 16 variable brown dwarfs using archival Keck NIRSPEC data and compute the inclination angles of 19 variable brown dwarfs. The results obtained show that all objects in the sample with mid-IR variability detections are inclined at an angle

, while all objects in the sample displaying J-band variability have an inclination angle

. J-band variability appears to be more affected by inclination than Spitzer [3.6 μm] variability, and is strongly attenuated at lower inclinations. Since J-band observations probe deeper into the atmosphere than mid-IR observations, this effect may be due to the increased atmospheric path length of J-band flux at lower inclinations. We find a statistically significant correlation between the color anomaly and inclination of our sample, where field objects viewed equator-on appear redder than objects viewed at lower inclinations. Considering the full sample of known variable L, T, and Y spectral type objects in the literature, we find that the variability properties of the two bands display notably different trends that are due to both intrinsic differences between bands and the sensitivity of ground-based versus space-based searches. However, in both bands we find that variability amplitude may reach a maximum at ∼7–9 hr periods. Finally, we find a strong correlation between color anomaly and variability amplitude for both the J-band and mid-IR variability detections, where redder objects display higher variability amplitudes.
An Inside Look at Sunspot Oscillations with Higher Azimuthal Wavenumbers
Authors: Jess David B. , Doorsselaere Tom Van , Verth Gary , Fedun Viktor , Prasad S. Krishna , Erdélyi Robert , Keys Peter H. , Grant Samuel D. T. , Uitenbroek Han , Christian Damian J.
Published: June 2017

Solar chromospheric observations of sunspot umbrae offer an exceptional view of magnetohydrodynamic wave phenomena. In recent years, a wealth of wave signatures related to propagating magneto-acoustic modes have been presented, which demonstrate complex spatial and temporal structuring of the wave components. Theoretical modeling has demonstrated how these ubiquitous waves are consistent with an m = 0 slow magneto-acoustic mode, which is excited by trapped sub-photospheric acoustic (p-mode) waves. However, the spectrum of umbral waves is broad, suggesting that the observed signatures represent the superposition of numerous frequencies and/or modes. We apply Fourier filtering, in both spatial and temporal domains, to extract chromospheric umbral wave characteristics consistent with an m = 1 slow magneto-acoustic mode. This identification has not been described before. Angular frequencies of

0.037
±
0.007

rad

s

−
1

(

2.1
±
0.4

deg

s

−
1

, corresponding to a period ≈170 s) for the m = 1 mode are uncovered for spatial wavenumbers in the range of

0.45
<
k
<
0.90

arcsec−1 (5000−9000 km). Theoretical dispersion relations are solved, with corresponding eigenfunctions computed, which allows the density perturbations to be investigated and compared with our observations. Such magnetohydrodynamic modeling confirms our interpretation that the identified wave signatures are the first direct observations of an m = 1 slow magneto-acoustic mode in the chromospheric umbra of a sunspot.
Mode Change of a Gamma-Ray Pulsar, PSR J2021+4026
Authors: Zhao J. , Ng C. W. , Lin L. C. C. , Takata J. , Cai Y. , Hu C.-P. , Yen D. C. C. , Tam P. H. T. , Hui C. Y. , Kong A. K. H. , Cheng K. S.
Published: June 2017

A glitch of a pulsar is known as a sudden increase in the spin frequency and spin-down rate (frequency time derivative), and it can be caused by a sudden release of the stress built up in the solid crust of the star or pinned vortices in the superfluid interior. PSR J2021+4026 is the first pulsar that shows a significant change in the gamma-ray flux and pulse profile at the glitch that occurred around 2011 October 16. We report the results of timing and spectral analysis of PSR J2021+4026 using ∼8 yr Fermi Large Area Telescope data. We find that the pulsar stayed at a high spin-down rate (

higher than the pre-glitch value) and a low gamma-ray state (

lower) for about 3 yr after the glitch. Around 2014 December, the spin-down rate and gamma-ray flux gradually returned to pre-glitch values within a timescale of a few months. The phase-resolved spectra and pulse profiles after the relaxation are also consistent with those before the glitch. The observed long-term evolution of the spin-down rate and the gamma-ray flux indicates that the glitch triggered a mode change in the global magnetosphere. We speculate that the glitch changed the local magnetic field structure around the polar cap and/or the inclination angle of the dipole axis, leading to a change in the electric current circulating in the magnetosphere.
A Fast, Direct Procedure to Estimate the Desorption Energy for Various Molecular Ices of Astrophysical Interest
Authors: Luna Ramón , Luna-Ferrándiz Ramón , Millán Carlos , Domingo Manuel , Caro Guillermo M. Muñoz , Santonja Carmina , Satorre Miguel Á.
Published: June 2017

Desorption energy is a relevant parameter when studying the desorption kinetics of an ice under astrophysical conditions. Values reported are generally calculated using at least a desorption experiment and a further data analysis at present. In this work the establishment of a simple rule that relates the desorption energy of a species to the temperature of its desorption peak is explored. The paper presents the results obtained from zeroth-order desorption experiments, based on the use of a quartz crystal microbalance to monitor the loss of weight during desorption of the accreted ice sample under high-vacuum conditions, of nine different molecules covering a wide range of desorption energies. During these experiments, the ice desorption rate reaches a maximum at a certain temperature depending on the molecule. The formula obtained in this study facilitates the estimation of the desorption energy and is valid for all the investigated molecules. Based on these experimental results and simulations, the theoretical expression obtained is valid to calculate desorption energy for zeroth- and first-order desorption experiments under high- or ultrahigh-vacuum conditions using different ice thickness films.
ISM Properties of a Massive Dusty Star-forming Galaxy Discovered at z ∼ 7
Authors: Strandet M. L. , Weiss A. , Breuck C. De , Marrone D. P. , Vieira J. D. , Aravena M. , Ashby M. L. N. , Béthermin M. , Bothwell M. S. , Bradford C. M. , Carlstrom J. E. , Chapman S. C. , Cunningham D. J. M. , Chen Chian-Chou , Fassnacht C. D. , Gonzalez A. H. , Greve T. R. , Gullberg B. , Hayward C. C. , Hezaveh Y. , Litke K. , Ma J. , Malkan M. , Menten K. M. , Miller T. , Murphy E. J. , Narayanan D. , Phadke K. A. , Rotermund K. M. , Spilker J. S. , Sreevani J.
Published: June 2017

We report the discovery and constrain the physical conditions of the interstellar medium of the highest-redshift millimeter-selected dusty star-forming galaxy to date, SPT-S J031132−5823.4 (hereafter SPT0311−58), at

. SPT0311−58 was discovered via its 1.4 mm thermal dust continuum emission in the South Pole Telescope (SPT)-SZ survey. The spectroscopic redshift was determined through an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 3 mm frequency scan that detected CO(6–5), CO(7–6), and

(2–1), and subsequently was confirmed by detections of CO(3–2) with the Australia Telescope Compact Array and

with APEX. We constrain the properties of the ISM in SPT0311−58 with a radiative transfer analysis of the dust continuum photometry and the CO and

line emission. This allows us to determine the gas content without ad hoc assumptions about gas mass scaling factors. SPT0311−58 is extremely massive, with an intrinsic gas mass of

. Its large mass and intense star formation is very rare for a source well into the epoch of reionization.
The Correlation between Body Mass Index with the Occurrence of Skin Tag
Authors: Jusuf Nelva K. , Putra Imam B. , Kartayana Johan
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: Skin tag is a benign tumour of the skin with a soft consistency which commonly occurs in the flexure area. Skin tag often found in individuals with middle and old age. Until now, there are many of theories have been proposed to explain the mechanism of the skin tag, one of the theory is obesity.AIM: To determine the body mass index (BMI) in patients with skin tag.METHODS: This study is an analytic study with cross-sectional designs involving 32 subjects with skin tag and 32 controls. Diagnosis of skin tag was made based on anamnesis and clinical examination. All subjects underwent a physical examination (height and weight) to determine BMI (weight in kilogrammes divided by the square of height in meters). To analyse association between higher BMI with the occurrence of skin tag we use student t-test.RESULTS: The mean BMI in the skin tag group (28.1+ 3.9 kg/m^2) was higher compared with the control group (24.1 + 2.3 kg/m^2). Statistical analysis by Student t-test found the p-value < 0.05.CONCLUSION: We found a correlation between increased BMI with the occurrence of the skin tag.
Congenital Progressive Mutilating Hemangioma
Authors: Chokoeva Anastasiya , Sokolova Radica , Lotti Torello , Wollina Uwe , Gianfaldoni Serena , Lotti Jacopo , FranÃ§a Katlein , Tchernev Georgi
Published: June 2017

A 73-year-old male patient was admitted with symptoms of decompensated cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency with long-lasting history. A tumor-like formation was observed within the clinical examination, covering the whole skin of the nose, paranasal region of the left part of the face, as well as the upper and lower left eyelids. The lesion was with yellow to brownish surface and dark-reddish to violet discolored peripheral area, composed of nodular formations, smooth central surface and firm texture on palpation. The histopathological examination verified the diagnosis of hemangioma, which had been congenital, regarding the patientâ€™s history, treated surgically about 50 years ago, with signs of recurrence. The presented patient had been treated surgically at the age of 20, without medical evidence of the type of the performed excision. The recurrence occurs almost 50 years later, at the age of 78. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported recurrence of infantile hemangioma, treated surgically almost 50 years ago.
Féminisme et sociologie chez Célestin Bouglé : une question secondaire ?
Authors: Hirsch Thomas
Published: June 2017

Dans une brève conférence prononcée au début des années 1920, puis publiée dans le volume Sociologie et action sociale en 1923, Célestin Bouglé se propose d’apporter le soutien de la sociologie à la cause féministe, et en particulier à l’attribution du droit de votes aux citoyennes françaises. Cet article vise à mettre en lumière les différentes logiques dans lesquelles s’inscrit cette prise de position, en la replaçant dans la production en réalité abondante des sciences sociales des premières décennies du XX e siècle sur le statut des femmes, ainsi que dans la trajectoire politique et savante de Célestin Bouglé. L’analyse de son argumentaire permet de la sorte d’interroger la destination politique de la sociologie comme la manière dont race et genre se recoupent.
Martín Casillas, maestro mayor de la catedral de Guadalajara: nuevos datos y consideraciones sobre su vida y obra en Nueva España
Authors: Camacho Cárdenas Enrique
Published: June 2017

Martín Casillas desarrolló buena parte de su trayectoria artística en Nueva España. Sin embargo, su obra se ha asociado casi en exclusividad a su intervención como maestro mayor de la catedral de Guadalajara a partir de finales del siglo XVI. El presente artículo destaca nuevas noticias que amplían su producción arquitectónica, lo que ha permitido realizar una serie de apreciaciones.
Cultura material e higiene cotidiana en la Córdoba del Ochocientos
Authors: Moreyra Cecilia
Published: June 2017

Desde la historia de vida cotidiana y los estudios de cultura material, en este trabajo describimos y analizamos las prácticas domésticas de limpieza en la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina), a partir de la presencia (o ausencia) en los inventarios post mortem de objetos materiales y espacios de la vivienda destinados al aseo. Los cambios en la cultura material y en el espacio construido nos permiten reconocer tanto modificaciones como permanencias en las sensibilidades y en las ideas de limpieza/suciedad.
Evaluation of Temperature Simulation over Northern Thailand from Regional Climate Model Coupled with Land Surface Model
Authors: Saesong Theerapan , Ratjiranukool Pakpoom , Ratjiranukool Sujittra
Published: June 2017

Numerical Weather Model called The Weather Research and Forecasting model, WRF, developed by National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is adapted to be regional climate model. The model is run to perform the daily mean air surface temperatures over northern Thailand in 2010. Boundery dataset provided by National Centers for Environmental Prediction, NCEP FNL, (Final) Operational Global Analysis data which are on 10 x 10. The simulated temperatures by WRF with four land surface options, i.e., no land surface scheme (option 0), thermal diffusion (option 1), Noah land-surface (option 2) and RUC land-surface (option 3) were compared against observational data from Thai Meteorological Department (TMD). Preliminary analysis indicated WRF simulations with Noah scheme were able to reproduce the most reliable daily mean temperatures over northern Thailand.
In Vitro Susceptibility of Silver Nanoparticles on Thai Isolated Fungus Pyricularia oryzae from Oryza sativa L. Leaves
Authors: Nicomrat Duongruitai , Janlapha Wannaphan , Singkran Nuanchan
Published: June 2017

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPS) have been known for their effectiveness as antimicrobial agents due to their extremely large relative surface areas increases their contact with bacteria and fungi thus improving its bacteriocidal and fungicidal effectiveness. In this experiment, AgNPs were tested for antifungal activity on a rice blast fungus, Pyricuralia oryzae which is anamorph of Magnaporthe oryzae. In Vitro inhibitory property of AgNPs were observed on the fungi isolated from rice leaves and the survival isolates after AgNP treatment. The results showed AgNPs retarded and reduced the fungal growth at low concentration of 25 μg ml-1. The retarded fungi after previously treated with AgNPs gave very slower hyphal growth. The results demonstrated that AgNP can strongly inhibit the fungal growth and colony formation. AgNPs can thus be improved to be promising antifungal agents against Pyricularia oryzae with its suitable formula of AgNP in the fungicidal materials.
Fuel Briquettes from Sisal Waste in Thailand
Authors: Polyium Udomdeja , Pigoolthong Amornrat
Published: June 2017

The research aims to develop fuel briquettes from sisal waste material mixed with bagasse. Sisal wastes were collected from Hub Kapong Royal Project Phetchaburi Province Thailand. These material were mixed according to the ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 respectively. Characterization of physical and chemical properties of fuel briquettes were determined by percentage moisture content, percentage ash content, percentage volatile matter, percentage fixed carbon, and calorific value with the standard number ASTM 3173, ASTM D 3175, ASTM D 3174, ASTM D 3177 and ASTM D 3286 respectively. The results show that percentage moisture content values of 9.98 - 18.14, percentage volatile matter values of 42.59 - 68.04, percentage ash content values of 16.05 -25.41, percentage fixed carbon values of 5.93 - 13.86 and calorific values of 1,820.52 - 2,485.19 kcal/kg. Fuel briquettes to be used as a fuel substitute for firewood and charcoal.
Influence of BNBK Particle Size on Properties of 0-3 Lead-Free BNBK Ceramic-Portland Cement Composites
Authors: Potong Ruamporn , Rianyoi Rattiyakorn , Ngamjarurojana Athipong , Chaipanich Arnon
Published: June 2017

The 0-3 lead-free bismuth sodium titanate-bismuth potassium titanate-barium titanate (BNBK) ceramic/Portland cement composites (PC) were fabricated by pressing and curing method. The influence of BNBK particle size on the dielectric and acoustic properties of 0-3 BNBK-PC composites was studied. BNBK of various median particle sizes (75, 212 and 425 μm) at 50% by volume were mixed with Portland cement to produce the 0-3 BNBK-PC composites. The dielectric constant results of composites were found to increase with increasing BNBK particle size and the dielectric constant of composite with 425 μm particle size at 1 kHz was 196. The 0-3 BNBK-PC composites in the range tested have an acoustic impedance match with concrete structure.
Mechanical Study of Fabric-Foam Plied Material
Authors: Kan Chi Wai , Ko Clare Man Ching , Maha-In Kongkiat , Manarungwit Kasem , Sarikanon Chamlong , Numahun Pojana , Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol
Published: June 2017

Fabric-foam samples were prepared by plying polyurethane foams (non-laminated and laminated) with different fabrics in this study. The fabric-foam plied samples were intended to be used for intimate apparel which is a kind of close-to-skin garment. The comfort requirement of intimate apparel is highly concerned and smoothness, softness, stiffness and drape are the consideration factors. Therefore, we evaluated the mechanical properties of smoothness, softness, stiffness and drape of the different plied samples and the results were discussed properly.
The Giant Dielectric Constant of Y2NiMnO6 Ceramics for DC Bias
Authors: Albutt Naphat , Pechprasarn Suejit , Damkoengsuntorn Pattaraporn , Sareein Thanapong
Published: June 2017

In this work, the uses of giant dielectric constant of Y2NiMnO6 ceramics were investigated in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 3 MHz. The Y2NiMnO6 ceramics were sintered at 1400 °C for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours, respectively. The dielectric properties of Y2NiMnO6 ceramics were examined in dc bias from 0 to 1.5 volt at room temperature. We found that all sintering times displayed high dielectric permittivity at frequencies below 105 Hz, above which the values decreased significantly, applied dc bias also reduced dielectric permittivity. The peak of dielectric loss decreased significantly at high dc bias due to decreased contribution of dc conductivity in grain ceramics. This research has characterised electrical properties of Y2NiMnO6 ceramics which maybe suitable for electronic components including batteries and capacitors.
Influence of Lubricating Ceramic Content on Oxidation and Water Contact Angle of Carbon Steel
Authors: Sanpo Noppakun , Tharajak Jirasak
Published: June 2017

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has wide variety of possible applications in different fields as from the metallurgy to the cosmetic products. This hBN microstructure provided excellent lubricating properties and then had potential to apply on metal surface in order to improve friction and prevented the metal substrate from oxidation. In this study, the several concentrations of hBN were added into epoxy resin and coated on the carbon steel substrate. The results indicated that the optimum concentration of used hBN increased water contact angle and prevented carbon steel substrate from oxidation. This useful knowledge can be further used to support industrial work especially in preventive corrosion/oxidation field.
Intrinsic Light Yield and Loss Parameter of Y2SiO5:Ce Single Crystal Scintillator
Authors: Phunpueok Akapong , Thongpool Voranuch , Chewpraditkul Weerapong
Published: June 2017

Nowadays, single crystal scintillators play an key role in the scientific researches, high-energy physics and modern medical imaging. In this research, we studied the scintillation response of polished yttrium oxyorthosilicate with Ce-doped (Y2SiO5:Ce, YSO(Ce)) crystals grown by the Czochralski method. The nominal Ce3+ ion is about 0.5% for tested crystals. Energy resolution and photon yield of the scintillator are read out by the photomultiplier tube (XP5200B PMT) under excitation with gamma-rays. The polished YSO:Ce samples (5x5x1 mm3 and 5x5x3 mm3) was tested at room temperature. The 1 mm thick sample shows the better energy resolution than the 3 mm thick crystal. The light yield dependences on the height of crystal were evaluated under excitation with 662 keV gamma ray energy and the intrinsic light yield and loss parameter were also determined.
Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis for Plasmonic Nanoparticles
Authors: Pechprasarn Suejit , Panlomso Acharawan , Aiam-Um Suttipong , Suvarnaphaet Phitsini , Boonyagul Sani , Somekh Michael G. , Albutt Naphat
Published: June 2017

Electromagnetic simulation packages for nanoparticles have become of interest for science and engineering community because of interesting properties of nanomaterials, such as, plasmonics and localized field enhancement. There are several approaches to calculate electromagnetic wave responses including time domain and frequency domain; each approach does have its own pros and cons. In this paper, we discuss basic principle of Rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and some key issues of 2D Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA) for nanoparticle simulation, such as, the computing demands (long computation time and memory consumption) and staircase approximation. We also suggest some feasible approaches to get around the issues and speed up the calculation, such as, employing Li Feng Li’s RCWA algorithm for circular and elliptical rods, making use of the symmetry of spherical shape particles to reduce redundancies in computation and building up an Eigenvector/Eigenvalue database of difference radii of disks, so that these disks can be stacked together to form various sizes of nanospheres.
Effect of in Addition on Microstructure and Properties of Zn-5Al Solder
Authors: Koleňák Roman , Kostolný Igor
Published: June 2017

The effect of In addition on melting behaviors, microstructure and properties of Zn-5Al solder were investigated. It was found that addition of In decreasing the melting point of Zn-5Al solder. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of Indium in form of α-Zn+β-In solid solution. The segregation of In on grain boundary was observed. Segregation of In on grain boundary caused a significant decrease of strength of the Zn-5Al-In solder compared to Zn-5Al.
Preliminary Study on Properties of Aluminium-Silicon (Al-Si) Alloys Reinforced by In Situ Titanium Diboride (TiB2)
Authors: Ibrahim R.E. , Rosmamuhamadani Ramli , Talari Mahesh , Yahaya Sabrina M. , Sulaiman Sreenivasan , Ismail M.I.S.
Published: June 2017

Aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) alloys are an important class of materials, alloys which have great interested in wide industries whether in light or heavy industries, due to their superior properties like high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and excellent castability. The mechanical strength and the effect of modifying alloys have been studied. To evaluate the strength and revealed the structural of these alloys, the Instron tensile and Shimidzu Vickers hardness tester have been employed while the fracture surfaces have been observed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM). From results obtained, the microstructure of Al-Si with TiB2 has much finer microstructure compared to unfine Al-Si alloy. It showed that the eutectic silicon microstructure in Al-Si alloy changed from needles-look or acicular to fine grain size or globular when the added of TiB2. The mechanical studies showed that the ductility of Al-Si alloy was much lower in the absence of grain refiner, TiB2. The tensile strength of unrefined Al-Si and Al-Si with 6 wt.%TiB2 as grain refinement were recorded 275 and 312 MPa respectively. The hardness value for the unrefined Al-Si alloy also shows less compared with Al-Si with grain refiner, 6 wt.%TiB2, which are 74 and 78 MPa. This showed the results were significant improvements in mechanical properties have been obtained with the use of TiB2 as grain refiner to Al-Si alloy.
Assessment of the Stress State of the Coating in Depending on the Porosity of the Cement Substrate
Authors: Loganina Valentina , Skachkov Jury
Published: June 2017

It is shown the data on the value of the internal stress in the coating depending on the diameter of the pores of the cement substrate, as well as coating thickness. It is shown the calculated dependences allowing to determine the absence of cracking in the coating. Determined, that the presence of pores in the contact area coating with the cement substrate contributes to a more inhomogeneous stress-strain state in comparison with the smooth, without pores substrate. Shown, that in order to improve the crack resistance must be to seek technological methods to create the cement substrates, characterized by small pores uniformly distributed.
Crevice Corrosion of Low-Pressure Steam Turbine Materials in the Boiler Water Contained Impurity Ions
Authors: Niu Li Bin , Kobayashi Katsuyuki
Published: June 2017

Crevice corrosion of 3.5NiCrMoV and 13Cr steels, which are used as low-pressure (LP) steam turbine materials, was investigated by electrochemical corrosion tests in the simulated boiler water contained chloride and sulfate ions. For 3.5NiCrMoV steel, by comparison with the surfaces outside crevice, the surfaces inside crevice of the specimens coupled with both of the same steel and 13Cr steel showed no remarkably corroded pattern even though pitting corrosion was observed. The specimen of 13Cr steel coupled with the same steel plate exhibited pitting corrosion inside the crevice, and a lower open cycle potential (Ocp) than the single plate of 13Cr steel. On the other hand, the specimen of 13Cr steel coupled with 3.5NiCrMoV steel plate showed the lowest Ocp, as the anodic dissolutions of 3.5NiCrMoV steel became the dominate corrosion mechanism.
The Influence of Fiber Surface Treatment and SBR as Impact Modifier on Rheological Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Wood Plastic Composite from Acrylate-Styrene-Acrylonitrile and Bagasse
Authors: Sapsrithong Pornsri , Puksattee Kesinee , Saewjaidee Kingkaew , Pensuk Navapon , Rattanapan Apaipan
Published: June 2017

Morphology, mechanical properties and rheological behavior of wood plastic composite, derived from acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA) and bagasse which was treated with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and using styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) as impact modifier, were reported. The effect of fiber surface treatment with KMnO4 and different amount of SBR on properties of wood plastic composite, prepared from ASA and 50 phr of bagasse, were investigated. Wood plastic composites (both treated and untreated) with varying amount of SBR, as impact modifier from 0-15 wt% of ASA, were prepared by melt-blending technique. The specimens were shaped with a compression molding machine and characterized, including morphology, impact strength, flexural properties and rheological behavior. It was demonstrated that the fiber surface treatment, using KMnO4, could effectively impove interfacial adhesion between bagasse and ASA matrix. These led to an improvement of morphology and mechanical properties such as impact strength, flexural strength and modulus. SEM micrographs revealed that the interfacial modification enhanced the interfacial adhesion between bagasse (fiber) and ASA (matrix) causing an increasing of shear stress and shear viscosity. Additionally, the effect of amount of SBR, as impact modifier, was also reported. The resulted showed that the impact strength was improved with increasing the amount of SBR (up 5 wt% of ASA) whereas, flexural strength and modulus were found to decrease with increasing SBR content.
Study on the Rheological Behaviour of Sisal Fibre/HDPE Composites with Flame Retardant
Authors: Rattanapan Apaipan
Published: June 2017

The rheological behaviour of sisal fibre/HDPE composites containing two types of flame retardants as magnesium hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate was studied using a capillary rheometer. The mass ratio of HDPE to sisal fibre was set as 20 phr. Flame retardants were added at 10, 20 and 30 phr. Results showed that the composites exhibited pseudoplastic behaviour as the shear viscosity decreased with increasing shear rate. Shear stress and real shear viscosity increased with increasing flame retardant, with magnesium hydroxide giving higher values than ammonium polyphosphate. Therefore, magnesium hydroxide had a marked effect on the processing power, while ammonium polyphosphate did not greatly affect the shear viscosity of the composites. An increase in elongation rate reduced the elongation viscosity. The flame retardant contents had no significant effect on the elongation viscosity at high elongation rate. The materials showed increased extrudate swell with increasing apparent shear rate, but this significantly decreased with the addition of flame retardant. The power law index (n) for all composites was less than 1 and the flow consistency index K was higher for composites with flame retardant than those without. Moreover, magnesium hydroxide was more effective than ammonium polyphosphate causing an increase in the K value.
Microwave Assisted Extraction of Avocado Oil from Avocado Skin and Encapsulation Using Spray Drying
Authors: Chimsook Thitiphan
Published: June 2017

The aim of this work was to extract the avocado oil from avocado skin. This oil was used to prepare the emulsion and encapsulation using spray drying. For the oil extraction, the efficiency of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and soxhelt method was evaluated. The results indicated that MAE at 600 W for 15 min using 2-methyltetrahydrofuran gave the highest yield percentage. The emulsion preparation of avocado oil from MAE was prepared using the wall materials of maltodextrin and the Hi-Cap. The combinations of maltodextrin and Hi-Cap showed 100% stability for 24 hours, with no phase separation. The viscosity of the emulsions was reported at 11.00-13.00 mPa·s. The droplets mean diameter was between 2.05 to 2.08 µm. The microencapsulation of avocado oil was performed in a laboratory scale spray dryer. The encapsulation efficiency of three combinations of wall materials (F1 to F3) was valued of 60-80% which indicated that the increase on maltodextrin content, when combined to Hi-Cap, led to lower encapsulation efficiency. For particle characterization, the moisture content was 1.10-1.35 % and the bulk density was 0.35-0.37 g/cm3. Therefore, the proportion of wall materials had significant influence on the emulsion properties and on the encapsulation efficiency of avocado oil.
Synthesis and Characterization of Monodisperse Magnetite Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Watcharenwong Apichon , Bailuang Yotsapon , Kajitvitchyanukul Puangrat
Published: June 2017

Monodisperse nanoparticles are materials that are not agglomerate. The good characteristic of these materials is the dispersity in water, so they can better react with target pollutants. Accordingly, in this work, the monodisperse magnetite nanoparticles with the superparamagnetic property were synthesized and characterized. The hydrothermal method with the iron compound and polymer as precursors was conducted. The magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by several techniques including X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The saturation magnetization (Ms) value, the coercivity (Hc), and the retentivity (Mr) were measured to demonstrate the paramagnetic behavior of the monodisperse magnetite nanoparticles. The results showed that the Fe3O4 nanoparticle were obtained at 200 °C for 16 h. The particles are monodispersed with the size approximately in the range of 60 - 250 nm as confirmed by FE-SEM and TEM images. These are the single grain and had the spherical shape similar to a blackberry. The saturation magnetization of 17.287 emu/g and ratio of retentivity to saturation magnetization (Mr/Ms) characterized the squareness of the hysteresis loops was 0.03653. It can be indicated that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles had superparamagnetic behavior. This property of Fe3O4 nanoparticles can draw pollutants to absorb on the surface of these nanomaterials. Then adsorbed pollutants can be easily removed by separating the Fe3O4 materials from water. This technique can be applied further in water treatment and pollutant removal.
The Design and Performance Study of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Using 3-D Mesh
Authors: Tugirumubano Alexandre , Kim Kyoung Soo , Shin Hee Jae , Kim Chang Hyeon , Kwac Lee Ku , Kim Hong Gun
Published: June 2017

The production of hydrogen and oxygen using the water electrolysis technology is mostly influenced by the performance and efficiency of the components that are used in the production systems. In this study, the flow field’s channels of the bipolar plates of polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer were replaced by 3-D titanium mesh, and the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer cell that uses 3-D titanium mesh was designed. A numerical analysis was conducted to study the performance of the designed model. By comparing the results with the electrochemical performance of PEM electrolyzer cell with flow field channels on the plates, it was found that the cell with 3-D titanium mesh has greater performance and higher total power dissipation density. Therefore, the use of 3-D mesh can be used instead of machining the flow field channels on the bipolar plates.
Characterization of Philippine Natural Zeolite and its Application for Heavy Metal Removal from Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)
Authors: Olegario-Sanchez Eleanor , Pelicano Christian Mark
Published: June 2017

In this study, the adsorption efficiency of Philippine natural zeolite for treating acid mine drainage is investigated. The metal ions considered were Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ ions. The natural zeolite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The XRD result revealed that the natural zeolite is mainly composed of heulandite (Ca,Na)2-3Al3(Al,Si)2Si13O36 • 12H2O. Plate-like structures having rough surface and micro-pores were observed. The natural zeolite exhibited adsorption efficiencies of 99.03%, 35.88% and 35.36% for Pb2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ ions, respectively, which are higher than those of alumina adsorbent for the same ions. Based on these results, the Philippine natural zeolite has a great potential for removing cationic heavy metal species from acid mine drainage (AMD).
Test Study on the Adsorption Property of the Environmental Friendly Adsorption Materials to Reduce Nutrient from Surface Runoff
Authors: Wu Lei Xiang , Liu Ling Hua , Zhou Huai Dong
Published: June 2017

The aim of the study was to make known of the adsorption property of several materials which would be the component of a type of green sorption media blends having advantages in cost, availability, permeability, environmental benefit, and strong removal efficiency to the nutrient from surface runoff. The media blends were suitable for the substrate in the retention ponds, bio-swales, rainwater garden, river side pond, and helpful to control the non-pointed nutrient pollution in the surface runoff. The sand-loam, sawdust, tire crumb, limestone, and ceramic sand were selected to study the adsorption property of ammonia, nitrates, total phosphorus (TP) in the static adsorption test. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm were used to fit the adsorption property. The experimental results showed that it was the combined action of physical and chemical adsorption to the removal of ammonia, nitrate, TP by the five kinds of adsorption materials. The adsorption property to the ammonia of the five materials were sand-loam>sawdust>ceramic sand>limestone>tire crumb, to the nitrate were sand-loam>tire crumb>sawdust>ceramic sand>limestone, to the TP were tire crumb>sand-loam>ceramic sand> limestone>sawdust. The sand-loam and sawdust were the prior materials to remove nitrogen, while the tire crumb had the great advantages to remove phosphorus.
Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties in a Mn1.05Fe1.05CoNiCu0.9 High Entropy Alloy
Authors: Oh Seung Min , Hong Sun Ig
Published: June 2017

In the present study, the microstructural stability and mechanical properties of a MnFeCoNiCu alloy in which Cr was replaced by Cu from Cantor composition (CoCrFeMnNi) was studied. In the as-cast alloy, the dendrite arms are enriched with Cu and Mn and matrix between dendrite arms is enriched with Fe and Co. Ni was richer in the matrix, but also observed in the dendrite arms. Cu and Mn tend to segregate and solidify initially because the melting temperatures of Cu and Mn are lower than Fe and Co, resulting in the growth of Cu-Mn dendrite. After homogenization, the dendrites structure disappeared and grain boundaries are visible, indicating the segregated elements in the dendrite structure were homogenized. The presence of single phase FCC structure was confirmed after homogenization. The tensile strength of 1220 MPa with the ductility of 6 % was obtained in MnFeCoNiCu alloy.
Quantitative Identification of Pipeline Crack Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Liu Shu Jun , Li Sheng Lin , Jiang Ming , He Dean
Published: June 2017

In the paper, the Metal Magnetic Memory Testing signal of pipeline crack is extracted. The BP neural network is constructed and trained. The experiment shows that the BP neural network can effectively identify the crack parameters of oil and gas pipeline in quantitative.
A Stress Analysis of the Post-Tensioned Anchorage Zones Using UHPC
Authors: Kim Jee Sang , Kim Tae Hong
Published: June 2017

Researches on Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) have been conducted worldwide owing to its outstanding durability and strength performances compared to those of normal concrete. The application of UHPC to prestressed concrete structures, which may seem to be the most appropriate and beneficial, may result significant improvement in the design of anchorage zones due to its high compressive and tensile strength. The size of anchorage blocks and amounts of reinforcements may be reduced drastically. This paper examines the stress magnitudes and distributions of post-tensioned anchorage zones using UHPC which have nominal compressive strength levels of 120, 150 and 180 MPa respectively, by FE analysis. The analytic results are verified with the existing experimental work of 180MPa UHPC. It can be concluded that the use of UHPC to post-tensioned members gives significant reduction of anchorage zone size and no reinforcements are required.
Self-Hardening of a Gypsum
Authors: Petropavlovskaya Victoriya , Buryanov Аleksandr F. , Novichenkova Tatiana B. , Petropavlovskii Kirill
Published: June 2017

In this article the self-hardening structure of stone based on calcium sulfate formation is described. Increase of strength of gypsum is possible by additional reinforcing of a stone ettringite crystals. The form and character of the formed crystals is defined by size рН. Dependence рН from the maintenance of additives was investigated in work. The limiting factor of formation of crystals of an ettringite of a necessary look is the maintenance of an additive. In work gypsum composites with the improved physical-mechanical properties on the basis of the modifying complex are received and investigated.
Influence of Aging on Oil Rejuvenated Binder
Authors: Koudelka Tomas , Varaus Michal , Sperka Pavel
Published: June 2017

The presence of aged binder in asphalt mixtures containing high amount of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is the main reason why the technology of oil rejuvenation (modification) was introduced. When the recycling rate generally exceeds 25 %, it is essential to modify aged binder characteristics in order to guarantee that asphalt mixture performance remains the same as in the case of the virgin mixture. Reclaimed asphalt binder is much stiffer compared to the virgin binder and therefore it is perceived to be susceptible to cracking at low temperatures. The aim of this study is to compare various oil modifiers and evaluate their effects on rheological characteristics before and after the aging. Four different oils were blended together with an artificially aged binder in concentrations which ensure that resulting blends have similar properties as the virgin reference binder. The effect of aging during the production process was simulated by the RTFOT (Rolling Thin Film Oven Test) procedure, long term aging was then simulated by modified RTFOT test with prolonged exposition period. The blends performance assessment was carried out by the frequency sweep test on the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) and by the evaluation of the critical temperatures on the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR). The results indicate that addition of oil rejuvenators did not negatively influence binder stiffness at higher temperatures and at the same time enhanced its properties at low temperatures significantly. However, due to the aging effect the difference between stiffness critical temperature and m-value critical temperature increase considerably which might indicate decreasing colloidal stability and lower ability to relax induced stresses.
Tasks of Building Materials from the Viewpoint of Control Theory
Authors: Garkina Irina , Danilov Alexander
Published: June 2017

From the viewpoint of control theory is given the synthesis of building materials. A control of structure and properties of the material is carried by changing the relevant technological parameters. Material is regarded as an object of control in mathematical modeling. The model is presented as a solution to the Cauchy problem for an ordinary differential equation fourth-order. The synthesis is based on parametric identification of mathematical models. The parameters are typical points of the kinetic processes of the formation of physical and mechanical characteristics of the material. Among them: roots of the characteristic polynomial; inflection points; the extreme points, etc. Applications of this approach to the synthesis of building materials for special purposes are given.