bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Modified Maximum Shear Stress Failure Theory of Ductile Material
Authors: Chen Wen Lih , Wong King Leung , Chang Yu Feng
Published: January 2015

In this study, the maximum and smallest vertical principle stresses σ1 and σ3 as well as maximum shear stress τmax distributions, obtained from Mohr circle in each quadrant, are used to investigate the applicability of various ductile material failure theories. Based on the yield tensile stress σyt equals to yield compressive stress σyc (σyt=σyc=σy) and the known practical yield shear stress and yield stress ratio τy/σy=0.42~0.75 of ductile materials, we prove that the maximum vertical stress failure theory cannot be applied to the first quadrant (σ1>σ3≧0) as well as the third quadrant (σ3<σ1≦0) while τy/σy< 0.5, and it does also not applicable to the second or fourth quadrant (σ1>0 and σ3<0). In this study, the modified maximum shear stress failure line can be fit all ductile material depending on τy/σy=0.42~0.75 in all quadrants, thus the more reasonable results can be obtained.
The Application and Characteristics Analysis of a Variety of Plastic Material in the Stadium
Authors: Jiang Jian
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we study on characteristics of several kinds of traditional polyurethane (PU) and ethylene propylene rubber. We discussed emphatically on the characteristics and advantage of sports venues' material which is use the polyurethane (PU) and ethylene propylene rubber as the main body, then analyzed and expounded the technical progress and development trend of the plastic material for sports venues.
Effect of Natural Cyclodextrins on Cell Growth, Activity and Permeability of Arthrobacter simplex
Authors: Gao Qian , Shen Yan Bing , Huang Wei , Wang Min
Published: January 2015

In this study, the biotransformation which from cortisone acetate (CA) to prednisone acetate (PA) by Arthrobacter simplex (ASP) was selected as a model system for evaluating the effects of natural cyclodextrins (α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD, referred as CDs) on cell growth, dehydrogenase activity, permeability of Arthrobacter simplex. The results showed that the cavity size of cyclodextrins on ASP cell growth were quite different, the with smaller cavity significantly inhibited ASP growth. CDs reduced the dehydrogenase activity of ASP and increased the cell permeability. Initial conversion rate of cells after treated by CDs were higher than the control cells. The study provided basic datas for the application of cyclodextrin in the steroid biotransformation.
Performance Comparisons of Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with Butanol/Gasoline and Ethanol/Gasoline Blends
Authors: Zhu Rong Fu , Shi Mei Yu , Wang Yun Long , Tan Jian Wei
Published: January 2015

The performance comparisons of engine fueled with butanol/gasoline and ethanol/gasoline blends were tested. It was indicated from the experimental results that, compared with pure gasoline, power and fuel economy of engine fueled with butanol/gasoline and ethanol/gasoline blends reduced slightly, while HC and CO emission reduced significantly, and NO emission increased. It can be concluded that, the performance of engine fueled with butanol/gasoline blends was better than ethanol/gasoline blends, and B20 was better than B30.
Research on Linux-Based PC Cluster System and its Application in Numerical Simulation for Shallow Buried Soft Soil Tunnel
Authors: Du Jun , Mei Zhi Rong , Fu Li Lei , Zhang Kui
Published: January 2015

Since numerical simulation method came out, it has caused a great importance to tunnel engineers and has been used widely. But it has been restricted in three-dimensional numerical analysis of multi-element and multi-working conditions because the out of memory of personal computer, the high cost of high-performance computer and so on. In view of this, we need to search the low-cost computing devices to solve the large-scale three-dimensional numerical simulation in tunnel engineering. After investigation and study, we have built a Linux-based PC cluster system successfully, and use it to simulate the excavation process of Xiamen Jiaheyuan underground access which is a rectangular shallow buried soft soil tunnel. The simulation results provide a basis for the construction. Linux-based PC cluster system provides a convenient and cheap solution for tunnel engineers in three-dimensional numerical simulation of multi-element and multi-working conditions.
Coal Enterprise Safety Management Process Based on the Process Management of Performance Excellence Model
Authors: An Jing Wen , Liu Ying , Huo Jian Xia
Published: January 2015

Currently, accelerating the construction of quality have already been the vital issue in China. Facing the environment limitation and strong market competition, the coal mine industry should try to improve the quality, efficiency and level by enhancing the process management. Coal mine industry is a high-risk industry, the specification of coal enterprises safety management process is vital. This paper took a coal enterprise as example, and combined the characteristics of its operating to analyze and optimize the safety management process. This paper is expected to prove a guidance and assistance on improving the safety management for China coal mine enterprises.
Data Processing in the Key Factors Affecting China's Endowment Real Estate Enterprises Financing
Authors: Liu Hua , Zhang Nan
Published: January 2015

Financing problem is one of the main reasons for restricting the development of endowment real estate enterprises in China. By analyzing the present situation of endowment real estate enterprises financing and researching relevant literatures, we sum up 20 general influence factors. Using the data processing model of the principal component analysis method to analyze the 20 general influence factors under the help of SPSS 19.0 statistical analysis software, we can find out the key influence factors which affect endowment real estate enterprises financing. Aiming at the key influence factors, we put forward some specific measures to promote the smooth development of endowment real estate enterprises financing in China.
Evaluation of Highway Traffic Safety Facilities Based on Set Pair Analysis
Authors: Wu Yao , Lu Jian , Zhu Wan Qiu , Qiu Hong Tong
Published: January 2015

In order to make a reasonable evaluation of highway traffic safety facilities, a comprehensive evaluation method based on set pair analysis was proposed. An evaluation system of freeway traffic safety facilities was established. Combined with relevant norms and standards, each indicator in the evaluation system was divided and a reasonable threshold has been set. Through the calculation of the connection degree of ‘identicalness, differentness and reverse’, the maximum connection degree criterion was used to judge the evaluation results of freeway traffic safety facilities. Finally a case study was conducted to verify the proposed evaluation method. The case study shows that the selected highway traffic safety facilities are at a good level and this method can provide scientific decision basis for highway traffic facility renovation.
Measurement of Thermo-Radiation Characteristics of IR Window Materials
Authors: Wang Ya Hui , Wang Qiang , Zhang Bo Chang , Liang Bo
Published: January 2015

When aircrafts have hypersonic flights in the atmosphere, high-temperature IR windows become the main factor of complicated aero-thermo-radiation effects, which reduce the performance of IR detection systems, or even make these detection systems fail. Consequently, measuring thermo-radiation characteristics of IR window material is essential for the assessment of aero-thermo-radiation effect. By analyzing thermal radiation transfer in IR windows, a method is proposed to measure thermo-radiation characteristics of IR window materials, and an experimental platform is established. Based on the platform, thermo-radiation characteristics of a sapphire IR window of a MWIR detection system in a hypersonic vehicle are measured. The results indicate that, the thermo-radiation characteristics of the sapphire IR window material in 3.7μm-4.8μm have an approximate cubic relationship with temperature at 100~350. With the rise of temperature, the transmittance of the sapphire material decreases, while the self-radiation increases. Subsequently, the self-radiation can drive detector into saturation easily, of which the influence on the MWIR detection system is bigger than that of the transmittance. And, with thickness increasing, transmittance decreases exponentially, and self-radiation increases, but the increment decreases exponentially. Consequently, as IR windows’ thickness or temperature increases, SNR of the MWIR detection system declines, saturation of IR detectors occurs easily.
Development of Temperature and Magnetic Field Monitoring System of ITER HTS Magnet
Authors: Song Meng , Yu Bing , Hu Nan Nan , Cao Kun Nan , Ren Li
Published: January 2015

The temperature and magnetic field data acquisition system is developed for HTS Magnet of ITER. According to its working environment, the type of probes used for detection and the corresponding supporting equipment are chosen. Based on the requirements of data acquisition precision, the selection of the data acquisition instruments is completed. Optimize the number and configuration of probes and keep key monitoring on its Conduction-cooled structure. A complete set of complete data collection and human-computer interaction system is designed by using LabVIEW.
Surface Condensation Assessment Using Probabilistic Calculation
Authors: Zdrazilova Nada , Krejsa Martin
Published: January 2015

This paper deals with the use of probabilistic methods in the reliability assessment of water vapor condensation on the building structures surface. To calculate the resulting probability of failure it was used original and newly developed Direct Optimized Probabilistic Calculation – DOProC method, which has been successfully applied in the software system ProbCalc. To solve this probabilistic computation tasks, this would appear to be very effective and accurate. When calculating the resulting probability of failure there was also taken into account the statistical dependence of the random input variables, which were expressed probabilistically based on long-term monitoring of the assessed building.
A Method of Experimental Design for GNSS-Dot Net under Jamming Attack
Authors: Zhou Wei , Xie Fei , Zhu Yi Fan , Li Qun , Zhang Wang Xun
Published: January 2015

The feature of deception jamming for GNSS-dot networks is researched and analyzed, and it is difficult to accurately locate and correct the interference position by using the interference detection methods of the traditional WSN, a new attack detection algorithm that based on an improved angle of arrival (AOA) positioning mechanism to determine the point of disruption and interference correction is proposed. Nextly the algorithm of a single interference source localization based on the hyperbolic method by using anti-jamming principle of the GNSS is researched and given, and can locate both single and multiple interference sources. Then the indicators and methods of performance evaluation for the GNSS-dot networks are proposed. Finally, Experiment based on the algorithm is realized, and the attack detection and correction is very efficient, and interference location under ideal conditions is higher efficiency, and the strategies of anti deception jamming are also identified.
Simulation Analysis of the Multi-Parameter Influence on FBG Peak Reflectivity
Authors: Jin Xiu Mei , Xi Shu Juan , Lei Yu
Published: January 2015

Peak reflectivity is a key reflected index of FBG, and it has great effects on the FBG application characteristic in sensing and communication fields. Theoretical and simulation methods are applied to study the cross influence of multiple parameters, such as grating length, grating pitch, and refractive index modulation depth, on FBG peak reflectivity. Research results can provide system recommendations for adopting proper parameter combinations according to practical manufacturing condition and actual demands.
Study on Phase Stability of Hexagonal Ba(Ti0.95Fe0.05)O3-δ Ceramic via Temperature-Dependent X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Lu Da Yong , Wang Yan Dong , Cui Shu Zhen , Han Dan Dan
Published: January 2015

The crystalline structure of the hexagonal Ba (Ti0.95Fe0.05)O3−δ(BTF) ceramic were directly measured using a temperature-dependent XRD technique. Different from the traditional structural transitions of rhombohedral-orthorhombic (−90 °C), orthorhombic-tetragonal (−10 °C), and tetragonal-cubic (i.e., the Curie temperatureTC= 130 °C) for BaTiO3, the phase transition from hexagonal to any phase above for BTF cannot occur atTCeven up to 300 °C. Increasing temperature cannot give rise to the occupation of oxygen vacancies by environmental oxygen absorbed. The lattice electro-neutrality maintained by Fe3+-VO-Fe3+defect complexes is predominant in BTF. This experiment clarifies the phase stability of the hexagonal perovskite structure aboveTCup to 300 °C.
The Causes of Low Impact Strength of T23 Steel Weld Joints
Authors: Adamiec Janusz , Pikos Izabela , Stopyra Michał
Published: January 2015

T23 is modern bainitic steel designed for use in supercritical boilers. According to producer’s data weldability of this steel is good enough to avoid post-weld heat treatment. However, some of the T23 weld joints in as-welded condition have not met the minimal ductility requirement. The impact test revealed significant differences between the joints in as-welded and heat treated condition. Metallographic and fractographic examinations have been conducted in order to explain those differences. The specimens with low impact strength were characterized by brittle fracture and non-tempered martensite presence in weld metal. It was concluded that avoiding formation of disadvantageous structure in weld metal requires conducting of post weld heat treatment or applying multi-pass welding technique with annealing run.
Estimation of Carbon Balance in Reaction Zones of a Submerged-Arc Furnace during Ferrosilicon Smelting
Authors: Machulec Bolesław , Kopeć Grzegorz
Published: January 2015

Based on the electrical parameters of a 20 MVA ferrosilicon furnace, a methodology of identification of characteristic ferrosilicon smelting states described as carbon excess and carbon deficiency in the reaction zones ('over-coked', 'under-coked') has been presented. Relations between the electrical parameters and assessments made by furnace operators regarding characteristic furnace states related to amounts of carbon in the reaction zones have been demonstrated. The results show that the reactive power measurements as well as the k, c3 (Andreae’s, Westly’s) parameters, provide the same information on the furnace state and have a close relation with resistivity of the current-conducting zones. Similar information on the level of carbon balance in the reaction zones is obtained from the harmonic analysis of phase voltages and currents or measurements of higher harmonic components using high-pass filters.
Characteristics of Selected Tribological Properties of New Thermally Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Szymański Krzysztof , Szczucka-Lasota Bożena
Published: January 2015

In the article the manufacturing of new- elaborated thermally sprayed coatings are presented. the structure, chemical or phase composition and selected results of the friction tests of the new elaborated coatings were presented. The microstructure of coatings was obtained by LM microscopy. The presented results confirm, that the new coatings can be used to basic protection to wear condition in the energy boiler.
Cracking of 7CrMoVTiB10-10 (T24) Steel Weld Joints
Authors: Stopyra Michał , Adamiec Janusz
Published: January 2015

7CrMoVTiB10-10 (T24) steel was designed for high temperature applications, especially for water wall panels in modern supercritical coal-fired boilers. However, welding of T24 steel caused many problems due to its cracking susceptibility. In the present paper the causes of T24 steel weld joints cracking have been discussed. Microstructural and fractographic analysis of weld joint were conducted and hardness was measured. It was found that the main causes of crack’s formation in weld metal are hot cracking susceptibility of T24, high deformation during welding process and weld metals’ hardenability. The mechanism of cracking was determined. It was concluded that cracks had been initiated in high temperature brittleness range, then propagated through the weld metal in transverse direction as the cold cracks. The reduction of weld metal’s ductility was due to too high cooling rate and excessive hardening of weld metal in relation to base metal.
Post-traumatic stress symptoms in pediatric heart transplant recipients
Authors: Evan Elana E. , Patel Payal A. , Amegatcher Alison , Halnon Nancy
Published: January 2015

Traumatic experiences are not unusual in pediatric heart transplant (HT) recipients before and after transplantation. Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) present at the time of transplant evaluation and developing afterward occur with an unknown frequency. We sought to determine the burden of these symptoms in heart transplant patients. We reviewed 51 consecutive HTs between 2003-2007, including 40 primary transplants and 11 retransplants. Symptoms were present in 17 of the 51 patients (34%) at the time of orthotopic heart transplantation evaluation. None met the criteria for full post traumatic stress disorder. Transplant complications were examined. Nineteen subjects of the total sample had rejection in the first year following transplant. Rejection rates in the first year was 41% for those with PTSS (7 of 17 patients) and 36% for those without (12 of 33 patients) (P=n.s). Of those patients presenting for a second heart transplant, 55% had PTSS at the time of transplant evaluation and/or the peritransplant period; whereas, (28%) undergoing a primary transplant had PTSS. In addition to symptoms resulting from the disease process leading to HT and other prior experiences, the HT itself seems to present a large psychiatric burden on patients. All patients need to be followed before and after HT for signs and symptoms related to PTSS. Future studies should be undertaken to determine if preventative detection and treatment of patients with these PTSS symptoms early can lead to better outcomes.
A six-arm olfactometer for analysing olfactory responses of Goniozus legneri Gordh (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), the larval ectoparasitoid of carob moth
Authors: Aleosfoor M. , Ehteshami F. , Fekrat L.
Published: January 2015

The behavioural responses of Goniozus legneri were investigated in a six-arm olfactometer. Among the different odours examined, carob moth (Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller) frass elicited the highest olfactory responses, while Ephestisa larvae, which were less suitable hosts, elicited the lowest response. The different preferences to various odours suggest that Goniozus legneri can discriminate among suitable and less suitable insect hosts.
Methodologies and Tools Used Today for Measuring Iron Load
Authors: Alexiou Evangelos
Published: January 2015

Iron overload is a matter of an extreme clinical importance, in the overall management of Thalassaemia. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), has evolved in a novel tool for iron quantification during the last decade and it is considered as a validated, accurate and noninvasive method with worldwide distribution. The MRI scanner exploits the intrinsic magnetic properties of the hydrogen nuclei in order to discriminate the tissue characteristics. The presence of iron in a tissue causes a faster dephasing of the protons and a reduction in T2* and T2. R2 and R2* represent the reciprocal of T2 and T2*. In order to measure the signal intensity and quantify iron concentration the Gradient Echo (GRE) T2* and the Spin Echo (SE) T2 sequence are used. There are two broad groups of techniques to quantify the iron. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) methods and the relaxometry methods. The later are sub grouped in the R2 (T2) relaxometry methods with the predominant of this category being the FerriScan® and the R2* (T2*) methods. CMR Gradient Echo T2* pulse sequence is the preferred technique for the quantification of iron in the heart. The R2 and R2* methodologies are both very accurate in predicting the true LIC with high levels of sensitivity and specificity in the range of clinically important LIC thresholds and can be both used over a wide clinical range, individually.
Cerebral venous outflow and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics
Authors: Beggs Clive B.
Published: January 2015

In this review, the impact of restricted cerebral venous outflow on the biomechanics of the intracranial fluid system is investigated. The cerebral venous drainage system is often viewed simply as a series of collecting vessels channeling blood back to the heart. However there is growing evidence that it plays an important role in regulating the intracranial fluid system. In particular, there appears to be a link between increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulsatility in the Aqueduct of Sylvius and constricted venous outflow. Constricted venous outflow also appears to inhibit absorption of CSF into the superior sagittal sinus. The compliance of the cortical bridging veins appears to be critical to the behaviour of the intracranial fluid system, with abnormalities at this location implicated in normal pressure hydrocephalus. The compliance associated with these vessels appears to be functional in nature and dependent on the free egress of blood out of the cranium via the extracranial venous drainage pathways. Because constricted venous outflow appears to be linked with increased aqueductal CSF pulsatility, it suggests that inhibited venous blood outflow may be altering the compliance of the cortical bridging veins.
Преобразование Мутара двумерных операторов Дирака и геометрия Мебиуса
Authors: Taimanov Iskander Asanovich
Published: January 2015

В работе описано действие инверсии на данные представления
Вейерштрасса поверхности и показано, что преобразование Мутара
двумерных операторов Дирака отображает потенциал
(представление Вейерштрасса) поверхности $S$
в потенциал поверхности $\widetilde{S}$,
полученной из $S$ инверсией.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Экспоненциальное отображение Артина-Хассе, алгебраические группы в положительной характеристике
и Ноттингемская группа
Authors: Abramov Yaroslav Vladimirovich
Published: January 2015

Исследуются связные коммутативные подгруппы в про-унипотентном
радикале группы формальных степенных рядов одной переменной над
алгебраически замкнутым полем положительной характеристики
относительно операции подстановки.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Training MI Interventionists across Disciplines: A Descriptive Project
Authors: Madson Michael B. , Landry Alicia S. , Molaison Elaine F. , Schumacher Julie A. , Yadrick Kathy
Published: January 2015

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a counseling approach that is versatile and can be applied in many professional settings. Therefore, teaching MI skills to multidisciplinary groups simultaneously has the potential to be quite beneficial for strengthening the MI skills of different groups. This paper describes a project in which professionals and students from psychology and nutrition/ dietetics were trained in MI in an attempt to bolster both groups’ ability to implement MI as part of a larger health intervention project. Specifically, we outline the common themes that emerged among the trainees’ experiences. Implementing a multidisciplinary training program in which trainees use their expertise and contribute to the training process appeared to have created a rich learning environment.
Buddy-motivational interviewing (buddy-MI) to Increase Physical Activity in Community Settings: Results of a Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Brinson David , Wallace-Bell Mark , Kirk Ray , Hornblow Andrew
Published: January 2015

This article describes the implementation and evaluation of a novel buddy-Motivational Interviewing intervention intended to help apparently healthy but relatively sedentary adults to adopt and maintain regular physical activity for health and fitness. This intervention is an adaptation of Motivational Interviewing which adds client-selected motivational-buddies who can provide in-session input as well as ongoing out-of-session support focused on strengthening client’s motivation for and movement toward their physical activity goals. A pragmatic parallel-group randomised controlled trial with 12-month follow-up was implemented to test the intervention. The trial demonstrated that buddy-MI was feasible and could be delivered with equivalent fidelity to standard MI and both groups demonstrated statistically significant changes across a range of behavioural and health-status outcomes. Moreover, the experimental group participants generally ‘outperformed’ the control group participants as shown by the consistent trends observed over three repeated measures out to 12-months (although these between-group differences were statistically non-significant). Qualitative data indicated participant acceptance of the programme as well as providing initial evidence of positive collateral health effects (‘ripple effects’ whereby buddies changed their behaviours also). Consideration for further development, evaluation and applications are also discussed.
Training Dietitians in Motivational Interviewing: A Pilot Study of the Effects on Dietitian and Patient Behaviour
Authors: Britt Eileen , Blampied Neville M.
Published: January 2015

Objective: To evaluate the transfer of Motivational Interviewing (MI) skills to dietietic practice in a clinical setting, and the effect of this on patient behaviour.  This involved a replication of Britt and Balmpied (2010), except with dietitians providing the MI rather than nurses educators as in the earlier study.  The current study, therefore, is a both a test of replication and generalisation. Method: Two dietitians were trained in MI and effects of this training were evaluated on both practitioner and patient behaviour when MI was delivered in a clinical settting with patients experiencing diabetes self-management difficulties. Comparisons were made between the dietitians’ and participants’ behaviour during baseline (standard Patient Education, n=6 participants) and after the dieitians were trained in MI (n=5 participants). Data were collated from transcripts of all sessions independently coded using the therapist and client behaviour counts from the Motivational Interviewing Skills Code to derive therapist and client behaviour counts. Results: MI training was effective relative to baseline performance. Conclusions: When trained in MI, the practitioners behaved in ways consistent with MI, and this appears to have evoked in-session behaviour from the participants consistent with emergent MI theory.
Luz-color y Cuerpo-masa. La subjetividad de la nación argentina, según la pintura de Pío Collivadino
Authors: Litvinoff Diego Ezequiel
Published: January 2015

Pío Collivadino fue un pintor sumamente reconocido en vida, ocupando los cargos más importantes en el ámbito artístico y recibiendo premios en su país y en el extranjero. Ello lo convirtió en una referencia ineludible de los jóvenes artistas argentinos que obtuvieron reconocimiento durante todo el siglo XX. ¿Por qué, entonces, con el tiempo, su obra fue quedando en el olvido? Respondiendo a esa pregunta, el presente artículo se propone, a partir del análisis de la obra de ese artista, problematizar la noción de subjetividad, tanto en su dimensión individual como en su carácter nacional, destacando el rol que para su conformación cumple la figura del artista. Elaborando, a partir de la pintura de Collivadino, los conceptos de luz-color y cuerpo-masa, se intentará dar cuenta del vínculo entre el surgimiento, a principios de siglo XX, de una subjetividad argentina y el arte, no sólo al nivel de los temas abordados, sino, sobre todo, tomando en cuenta sus características formales.
“Eles querem é nos por na briga deles!”: Um estudo de caso sobre faccionalismo e estratégias entre os índios Xavante (MT)
Authors: Fernandes Estevão Rafael
Published: January 2015

A partir de um estudo de caso de uma situação de conflito ocorrida no ano 2000 na aldeia xavante de São Marcos (Terra Indígena São Marcos, Mato Grosso), envolvendo diferentes facções, missionários salesianos e Funai, este artigo busca revisitar o tema do faccionalismo entre Xavante em sua relação com uma equipe da Funai, recém-chegada à área. Os dados etnográficos, após apresentados e analisados à luz da literatura disponível sobre os Xavante, são comparados com o de outros povos Jê, indicando que outras perspectivas de análise são possíveis, ainda que se trate de uma temática clássica da etnologia brasileira.
"Toda Quebrada na Plástica" : Corporalidade e construção de gênero entre travestis paulistas
Authors: Pelúcio Larissa
Published: January 2015

Desde a comercialização dos hormônios femininos, na forma de contraceptivos, a construção da pessoa travesti ganhou um novo impulso. Na busca de um "corpo perfeito", isto é, associado a padrões socialmente sancionados como femininos, compôs-se todo um circuito estético e de cuidados de si que burla a medicina ocidental, por um lado, mas que em alguns momentos a ela se associa. Do modelo travecão ao menininha, as travestis se submetem a inúmeros processos de intervenção corporal que se iniciam com a ingestão de hormônios, passando pela aplicação de silicone industrial até operações de redução da testa, extirpação do pomo-de-adão e renovadas sessões com "bombadeiras", pessoas que "fazem o corpo", isto é, injetam silicone nas travestis. Orientadas pela heteronormatividade compulsória, as travestis transformam seus corpos a fim de adequá-los a seus desejos, práticas e orientação sexual, reconhecidas por elas como "homossexuais". Nessa construção subvertem o gênero e paradoxalmente, também enfatizam o caráter de assujeitamento por detrás do culto contemporâneo a padrões de normalidade, saúde e beleza.
Discriminação e Anti-Discriminação na Espanha: O caso das mulheres muçulmanas
Authors: Dietz Gunther
Published: January 2015

Nos últimos quinze anos, a Espanha tem experimentado um forte incremento da população imigrante, na qual se destaca um importante percentual de muçulmanos magrebinos. Paralelamente, desde os finais do franquismo, tem-se observado em cidades andaluzas como Granada e Córdoba uma tendência de conversão ao Islã por parte da população autóctone. Ambos os fenômenos se fazem acompanhar por atitudes anti-muçulmanas e anti-mouras, que refletem diferentes dimensões de discriminação disseminadas em amplos setores da opinião pública espanhola e que se articulam sobretudo em estereótipos e atitudes historicamente arraigados esgrimidos frente às mulheres muçulmanas, tanto imigrantes quanto convertidas. Neste artigo, tomamos o estudo de caso da discriminação contra as mulheres muçulmas para, em primeiro lugar, contextualizar o incipiente debate sobre discriminação e anti-discriminação dentro de dois marcos conceptuais específicos: o multiculturalismo e as políticas de identidade, de um lado; e as políticas públicas da diferença, de outro. Em segundo lugar analisamos o caso etnográfico mencionado, para finalmente esboçar o surgimento das atuais políticas estatais anti-discriminação na Espanha e em nível europeu.
ELABORAÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO GLOBAL DE BARRA DE CEREAIS CASEIRA
Authors: DE BRITO IZABELE PAES , CAMPOS JENYFFER MEDEIROS , DE SOUZA TÁBATA FERNANDA LOPES , WAKIYAMA CHIKA , DE AZEREDO GEÍZA ALVES
Published: January 2015

Formulou-se receita básica de barra de cereal, empregando biscoito de amido de milho, açúcar demerara, leite em pó desnatado, flocos de arroz, aveia em flocos, xarope de glicose de milho, uva passa e damasco seco, como alternativa às barras encontradas no comércio. Para avaliar a composição centesimal e a aceitação desse produto caseiro foram utilizadas duas barras comerciais como parâmetro de referência. O produto foi submetido à determinações de carboidratos, lipídios, proteínas, fibras e à análise sensorial. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a barra formulada apresentou valores bem próximos aos das industrializadas no que se refere ao aporte calórico, carboidratos e proteínas. Entretanto, foram encontrados teores de lipídios 83,0% a 95,7% mais baixos que os das barras comerciais. O teor de fibras mostrou-se 14% menor na barra caseira, sugerindo-se a substituição do biscoito pela versão integral e inserção de cereais integrais na formulação para incrementar o aporte de fibras. A barra formulada obteve aceitação global superior à das barras de referência, representando opção para suplementação de fibras na dieta. Concluiu-se que o produto atende às especificações sanitárias, nutricionais e sensoriais. ELABORATION AND GLOBAL EVALUATION OF A HOME-MADE CEREAL BAR Abstract A basic recipe of cereal bar was formulated, by employing corn starch biscuit, demerara sugar, skim powder milk, rice flakes, oat flakes, corn glucose syrup, raisin and dried apricot, as alternative to the bars available in the market. To evaluate the centesimal composition and the acceptance of this home-made product, two commercial bars were utilized as reference parameter. The product was submitted to carbohydrate, lipids, proteins and fiber determinations and to sensory analysis. The obtained results demonstrated that the formulated bar showed very near values to those found in industrialized bars as it concerns the presence of calories, carbohydrates and proteins. However, lipid contents were 83% to 95.7% lower than the commercial bars. Fiber content was 14% lower in the home-made bar, suggesting that the substitution of the biscuit by the whole version and the insertion of whole cereals in the formulation to increment the fiber content. The formulated bar obtained global acceptance superior to the reference bars, representing an option to fiber supplementation in the diet. It was concluded that the product assists the sanitary, nutritional and sensory specifications.
ISOLAMENTO DE MICRORGANISMOS ALCALOFÍLICOS PRODUTORES DA ENZIMA CICLODEXTRINA GLICOSIL-TRANSFERASE (CGTASE)
Authors: MENDONÇA HELISSA DE OLIVEIRA , SABIONI JOSÉ GERALDO
Published: January 2015

Uma cultura de bactéria alcalofílica, bastonete Gram+, com alta capacidade de produção da enzima ciclodextrina glicosiltransferase (CGTase) foi isolada de amostras de solo da cidade Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais (Brasil). A produção máxima da enzima ocorreu a 37°C após 72 horas de incubação, sob agitação de 120 ciclos por minuto, em meio alcalofílico (pH 10,3) contendo 2% de amido solúvel, 0,5% de peptona, 0,5% de extrato de levedura, 0,1% de K2HPO4, 0,02% de MgSO4.7H2O e 1% de Na2CO3. A temperatura ótima de atividade hidrolítica da enzima situou-se entre 55 e 60°C. Na ausência de substrato, a CGTase mostrou-se 100% estável até 60°C por 30 min. A adição de 10 mmol/L de cloreto de cálcio aumentou sua termo-resistência, resultando em maior produção de ciclodextrinas. O pH ótimo em tampão borato 50 mmol/L foi 8,0. A atividade e a estabilidade em altas temperaturas indicam potencialidade industrial para essa CGTase. Assim, estudos complementares devem ser realizados para identificar a espécie microbiana, purificar a enzima, avaliar o efeito de inibidores enzimáticos, determinar o tipo de ciclodextrina produzida em maior proporção e a taxa de conversão do amido em ciclodextrinas. ISOLATION OF ALKALOPHILIC MICROORGANIMS PRODUCERS OF THE ENZYME CYCLODEXTRIN GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE (CGTase) Abstract A culture of an alkalophilic bacterium, rod shaped Gram positive, with high production capacity of the enzyme CGTase was isolated from soil samples of the city of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais state (Brazil). Maximum enzyme production occurred at 37º C after 72 h of incubation, under agitation of 120 cycles per minute, in alkalophilic medium (pH 10.3) containing 2% soluble starch, 0.5 % peptone, 0.1 % K2HPO4, 0.02 % MgSO4.7H2O and 1% Na2CO3. The optimum temperature of the enzyme hydrolytic activity was between 55 and 60º C. In the absence of substrate, the CGTase showed stability of 100% until 60º C per 30 min. The addition of 10 mmol/L of calcium chloride enhanced its thermal resistance, resulting in a higher production of cyclodextrins. The optimum pH in borate buffer 50 mmol/L was 8.0. The activity and the stability in high temperatures indicate industrial potential for this CGTase. Like this, complementary studies must be realized to identify the microbial species, to purify the enzyme, to evaluate the effect of enzymatic inhibitors, to determine the type of cyclodextrins produced in greater proportion and the conversion rate of starch in cyclodextrins.
AVALIAÇÃO DO PERFIL SENSORIAL DE ALIMENTO COM SOJA SABOR LARANJA
Authors: TORREZAN RENATA , CECCATO CAROLINA MARTINEZ , BARRETTO ANDRÉA CARLA DA SILVA , DA SILVA VALQUÍRIA SEIXAS , CARATIN CARLA , PEREIRA CAMILA GAMBINI , MARTINEZ JULIAN , KUSHIDA MARTA MITSUI , PINTO NETO MANUEL , IAMANAKA BEATRIZ , CARDELLO HELENA MARIA ANDRÉ BELLINI
Published: January 2015

Três produtos comerciais de alimento com soja sabor laranja (A, B e C), acondicionados em embalagem longa vida, adquiridos no mercado foram avaliados sensorialmente. A Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) foi utilizada para traçar os perfis sensoriais, avaliando-se doze atributos levantados por 10 julgadores selecionados e treinados. A aceitação dos produtos foi avaliada por 30 potenciais consumidores mediante Teste Afetivo, realizado em laboratório, utilizando-se escala hedônica estruturada mista de 9 pontos. Os resultados da ADQ foram submetidos à Análise de Variância (ANOVA), Teste de Média de Tukey e Análise de Componentes Principais, já os resultados do Teste Afetivo (Aceitação) foram analisados pela ANOVA e pelo Teste de Média de Tukey. Os produtos A e B ficaram mais próximos entre si, o produto C diferiu do produto B (significativamente ao nível de 5%) em todos os atributos, com exceção da doçura e amargor. Os produtos A e C diferiram em todos os atributos, com exceção do residual de edulcorante e viscosidade. No teste afetivo, o produto A obteve as maiores médias e notas dos julgadores, não diferindo do produto B em nenhum dos atributos analisados. SENSORY PROFILE EVALUATION OF SOY FOOD PRODUCT WITH ORANGE FLAVOR Abstract Three commercial soy food products with orange flavor (A, B and C) conditioned in long life packing acquired in the market were sensory evaluated. Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) was used to trace the sensorial profiles evaluating 12 attributes raised through 10 selected and trained panelists. The acceptance of these products was evaluated by 30 potential consumers in a consumer test carried out in laboratory by utilizing mixed hedonic category of 9 points. The results of QDA was submitted to the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Tukey test of averages and Principal Components Analysis, although the results of the consumer test were analyzed by ANOVA and by the Tukey test of averages. The products A and B varied between each other and product C differs from product B significantly at 5% level in all attributes with the exception of sweetness and bitterness taste. The products A and C differed in all attributes with the exception to the artificial sweetener aftertaste and viscosity. In the Consumer test the product A received the greater average scores of the panelists presenting no difference from product B in none of the analyzed attributes.
ESTUDO DE CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO FRUTO CAMBUCI [Campomanesia phaea (O. Berg.) Landrum] E SUA APLICAÇÃO NO PROCESSAMENTO DE GELEIA
Authors: SILVA IGOR GALVÃO , CORREIA ANGELA DE FÁTIMA KANESAKI , BIGARAN JOSEANE THEREZA , BAPTISTA CAMILA PADOVAN , DO CARMO LEANDRO FRANCISCO , FILLET SPOTO MARTA HELENA
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar possível diferença de variedades de cambuci, informada por produtores, mediante a caracterização do fruto e a elaboração de geleia. Os frutos foram separados pelas quatro possíveis variedades, denominadas A, B, C e D, e analisados quanto ao peso médio, cinzas, umidade, pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, ratio, ácido ascórbico e atividade de água. Para a elaboração da geleia foi escolhida a variedade A com duas formulações, 50%50% e 40%60% fruto e açúcar, respectivamente. Para as possíveis variedades de cambuci, somente a atividade de água não apresentou diferença significativa. A acidez e o ratio da variedade B chamam a atenção, pois diferiram das demais indicando fruto mais propício ao consumo in natura. Em todas as outras análises existiu diferença estatística de pelo menos uma variedade, mas esses dados devem ser vistos com cautela por sofrerem influência de condições edafoclimáticas. A amostra de geleia com 60% de açúcar apresentou resultados menores para pH, acidez, luminosidade e ohue, o que contribuiu para os melhores resultados no teste de preferência em todos os atributos avaliados (aparência, cor, sabor e textura), exceto quanto ao aroma em que ambas as amostras (50% e 60%) não diferiram.
A GESTÃO DA SEGURANÇA DOS ALIMENTOS EM EMPRESA DE SERVIÇOS DE ALIMENTAÇÃO E OS PONTOS CRÍTICOS DE CONTROLE DOS SEUS PROCESSOS
Authors: DE ALMEIDA GISELE LARA , DA COSTA STELLA REGINA REIS , GASPAR ARLENE
Published: January 2015

Este artigo apresenta o diagnóstico do quadro das práticas adotadas na cadeia de produção e fornecimento de alimentos e identifica os pontos críticos de controle dos seus processos, mediante estudo de caso em restaurante comercial. A coleta de evidências ocorreu por meio de observação direta e da documentação. Como instrumental de pesquisa foram usados entrevistas e formulário. Os dados obtidos na aplicação do formulário foram tratados qualitativamente e os obtidos nas entrevistas processados estatisticamente. Os resultados indicaram a higienização inadequada das mãos e a falta de padronização, entre outras, como as práticas mais impactantes na segurança dos alimentos naquela empresa de alimentação. Foram identificados como pontos críticos da rotina, em especial, o controle sobre temperaturas e sobras, bem como a maneira de condução da administração de pessoal.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO ALGINATO PRODUZIDO POR Pseudomonas mendocina
Authors: DOS SANTOS RENATA LOPES , BIRGIDO RIVELI VIEIRA , PIRES ALFREDO TIBURCIO NUNES , MÜLLER JOSÉ MIGUEL
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção de alginato por Pseudomonas mendocina à partir dos substratos glicerol, sacarose e glicose. Nessa etapa do estudo comparou-se o rendimento de bioconversão e a produtividade do processo fermentativo, além das características físico-químicas dos materiais produzidos à partir dos substratos utilizados. Os melhores resultados em termos de rendimento e bioconversão foram observados quando o biopolímero foi produzido tendo sacarose como fonte de carbono.  Observou-se que os biopolímeros produzidos apresentaram composição química similar e que as características reológicas do meio de cultura dependem da fonte de carbono utilizada.
THE EFFECTS OF ADDING SOY FIBER TO WHEAT SPAGHETTI
Authors: BENEDETTI-BORDIN ALINE , ROQUE-SPECHT VÂNIA FERREIRA
Published: January 2015

This study has evaluated the effects of adding 4%, 6% and 8% soy fiber to wheat pasta for the production of dry wheat spaghetti. The properties of the mixture were evaluated for humidity, falling number, ashes, color, retained gluten, and subjected to farinograph (water absorption, development, stability) and extensograph analyses (resistance and extensibility). The spaghetti was evaluated with cooking tests (performance, increased volume, loss of soluble solids to cooking water) and sensory analysis. The addition of soy fiber to wheat flour resulted in mixtures with rheological and physicochemical characteristics suitable for the production of wheat spaghetti, enhancing performance and reducing the loss of soluble solids to the cooking water. The sensory analysis showed that, for all parameters tested, panelists favored mixtures with up to 6% soy fiber addition.
OS DESAFIOS DA FORTIFICAÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS
Authors: DELLA LUCIA CERES MATOS , DE NOVAES JULIANA FARIAS , SANT'ANA HELENA MARIA PINHEIRO
Published: January 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura a respeito da fortificação de alimentos e os principais desafios na obtenção de sucesso em programas de fortificação. Foram abordados os níveis recomendados dos principais micronutrientes utilizados como agentes de fortificação e revisados os aspectos relacionados à adição de ferro, zinco, vitamina A e ácido fólico aos alimentos. Também foram abordadas as novas tecnologias para o controle das deficiências de micronutrientes e a utilização do arroz como veículo de fortificação, sumarizando-se os principais estudos desenvolvidos sobre o tema. Concluiu-se que a escolha correta dos micronutrientes fortificantes, o estabelecimento dos níveis de fortificação e a seleção do veículo adequado são algumas das questões fundamentais para a obtenção de sucesso nos programas de fortificação.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE EMBUTIDO RICO EM FERRO ELABORADO A PARTIR DE SUBPRODUTOS COMESTÍVEIS DO ABATE DE CAPRINOS
Authors: DALMÁS PAULO SÉRGIO , DA SILVA FÁBIO ANDERSON PEREIRA , MOREIRA RICARDO TARGINO , ALVES BEZERRA TALIANA KÊNIA , GUERRA INGRID CONCEIÇÃO DANTAS , COUTINHO EDILMA PINTO , MORGANO MARCELO ANTÔNIO , MILANI RAQUEL FERNANDA , MADRUGA MARTA SUELI
Published: January 2015

Objetivou-se com este estudo elaborar chouriço caprino a partir de subprodutos do abate e determinar sua qualidade físico-química e sensorial. Três formulações foram testadas, sendo um lote defumado e o outro não, com variações nas proporções de vísceras (30, 20 e 10%) e sangue (30, 40 e 50%). Foram avaliados os parâmetros de Aa, pH, cor (L*, a*, b*), composição centesimal e análise do perfil de minerais dos chouriços. Realizou-se pesquisa sensorial exploratória de natureza qualitativa, utilizando-se o método do grupo de foco. A variação nas proporções de subprodutos (sangue, coração e rim) na elaboração do chouriço não apresentou efeito significativo quanto a composição centesimal, pH e Aa. Percentual de ferro mais elevado e maior intensidade de a* (cor vermelha) foram detectados na formulação com maior teor de sangue. O processo de defumação diminuiu a atividade de água, favorecendo a qualidade sensorial do chouriço caprino em relação aos atributos de aroma e sabor.
MIMICRY OF FISH LARVAE LIVE FOOD WITH PARTICLES OBTAINED BY IONIC GELATION AND COATED WITH PROTEINS THROUGH ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTION
Authors: RODRIGUES JULIANA BÜRGER , TELLO FERNANDO , LEITÃO NATALIA DE JESUS , PORTELLA MARIA CÉLIA , GROSSO CARLOS RAIMUNDO FERREIRA
Published: January 2015

In an attempt to mimic the proximate composition found in Artemia's nauplii, a type of food commonly used in intensive rearing of fish larvae, inert diets were produced by ionic gelation, using either low methoxyl amidated pectin or sodium alginate, and subsequently coated with whey proteins by electrostatic interaction. The particles were morphologically characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, showing spherical shape when moist or rehydrated. The resulting particles were characterized according to their proximate composition, average size, and rehydration behavior after freeze drying. The coated pectin and alginate particles, had sizes averaging 256.7 µm ± 17.1 and 241.9 µm ± 7.5, respectively, with no statistical difference. In relation to the contents of lipid, protein, dry-matter, and ash, the resulting particles were similar to the live food. However, an in vivo evaluation with fish larvae becomes necessary to confirm their suitability and functionality.