bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reformulation of sugar contents in Canadian prepackaged foods and beverages between 2013 and 2017 and resultant changes in nutritional composition of products with sugar reductions
Authors: Bernstein Jodi T , Christoforou Anthea K , Weippert Madyson , L’Abbé Mary R
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To quantify total sugar reformulation in Canadian prepackaged foods and beverages between 2013 and 2017 and identify changes in the nutritional composition of the foods and beverages reformulated to be lower in total sugar.

Design:

Longitudinal examination of foods and beverages present in both 2013 and 2017 collections of the University of Toronto’s Food Label Information Program database (n 6628 matched products). The proportion of products with changes in sugar levels was determined. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to examine changes in sugar levels overall for products lower or higher in sugar and changes in nutrient composition for products lower in sugar.

Setting:

Largest grocery retailers by market share in Canada.

Participants:

Canadian prepackaged foods and beverages.

Results:

The majority (76·6 %) of products had no change in total sugar content, 12·4 % were reformulated to be lower in sugar and 11·0 % were higher in sugar. A median sugar reduction of 19·0 % (1·6 g) was seen among products lower in sugar which was offset by a median 18·0 % (1·5 g) increase among products higher in sugar. Overall, median levels of energies and other nutrients stayed the same or decreased among products reformulated to be lower in sugar, the exception was for starch, which increased.

Conclusions:

Limited progress was made to reformulate foods and beverages to be lower in total sugar between 2013 and 2017. Results from this study identify areas in the food supply where attention may be needed to avoid unintended consequences of sugar-focused reformulation in terms of overall nutritional composition.
Multi-chronometer dating of the Souter Head complex: rapid exhumation terminates the Grampian Event of the Caledonian Orogeny
Authors: MARK Darren F. , RICE Clive M. , HOLE Malcolm , CONDON Dan
Published: July 2020

The Souter Head sub-volcanic complex (Aberdeenshire, Scotland) intruded the high-grade metamorphic core of the Grampian Orogen at 469.1 ± 0.6 Ma (uranium-238–lead-206 (238U–206Pb) zircon). It follows closely peak metamorphism and deformation in the Grampian Terrane and tightly constrains the end of the Grampian Event of the Caledonian Orogeny. Temporally coincident U–Pb and argon/argon (40Ar/39Ar) data show the complex cooled quickly with temperatures decreasing from ca.800 °C to less than 200 °C within 1 Ma. Younger rhenium–osmium (Re–Os) ages are due to post-emplacement alteration of molybdenite to powellite. The U–Pb and Ar/Ar data combined with existing geochronological data show that D2/D3 deformation, peak metamorphism (Barrovian and Buchan style) and basic magmatism in NE Scotland were synchronous at ca.470 Ma and are associated with rapid uplift (5–10 km Ma−1) of the orogen, which, by ca.469 Ma, had removed the cover to the metamorphic pile. Rapid uplift resulted in decompressional melting and the generation of mafic and felsic magmatism. Shallow slab break-off (50–100 km) is invoked to explain the synchroneity of these events. This interpretation implies that peak metamorphism and D2/D3 ductile deformation were associated with extension. Similarities in the nature and timing of orogenic events in Connemara, western Ireland, with NE Scotland suggest that shallow slab break-off occurred in both localities.
Increased monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio in vitamin B12	deficiency: Is it related to cardiometabolic risk?
Authors: Kayhan Sanem , Kirnap Nazli Gulsoy , Tastemur Mercan
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Vitamin B12 deficiency may have indirect cardiovascular effects in addition to hematological and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It was shown that the monocyte count-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR) is a novel cardiovascular marker. In this study, the aim was to evaluate whether MHR was high in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors. The study included 128 patients diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency and 93 healthy controls. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), MHR, C-reactive protein (CRP) and uric acid levels compared with the controls (median 139 vs 115 mmHg, p < 0.001; 80 vs 70 mmHg, p < 0.001; 14.2 vs 9.5, p < 0.001; 10.2 vs 4 mg/dl p < 0.001; 6.68 vs 4.8 mg/dl, p < 0.001 respectively). The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy was higher in vitamin B12 deficiency group (43.8%) than the control group (8.6%) (p < 0.001). In vitamin B12 deficiency group, a positive correlation was detected between MHR and SBP, CRP and uric acid (p < 0.001 r:0.34, p < 0.001 r:0.30, p < 0.001 r:0.5, respectively) and a significant negative correlation was detected between MHR and T-CHOL, LDL, HDL and B12 (p < 0.001 r: −0.39, p < 0.001 r: −0.34, p < 0.001 r: −0.57, p < 0.04 r: −0.17, respectively). MHR was high in vitamin B12 deficiency group, and correlated with the cardiometabolic risk factors in this group, which were SBP, CRP, uric acid and HDL. In conclusion, MRH, which can be easily calculated in clinical practice, can be a useful marker to assess cardiovascular risk in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.
Land Motion Offers Insights into Cascadia Earthquake Cycle
Authors: Shultz David
Published: July 2020

Comparing recent GPS data with a longer record of sea level along the western coast of North America allows researchers to home in on interseismic deformation above the Cascadia megathrust.
Comment on “Geometry of the Deep Calabrian Subduction (Central Mediterranean Sea) From Wide‐Angle Seismic Data and 3‐D Gravity Modeling” by Dellong Et Al.
Authors: Argnani Andrea
Published: July 2020

The recent paper by Dellong et al. does not report properly the literature on the Malta Escarpment and its tectonic activity. Moreover, the published set of data allows an alternative interpretation of one of their refraction profiles, which implies that only incipient subduction is present south of the Messina Strait, without need for well‐developed lithospheric tear faults south of Mt. Etna.
Preclinical pharmacology of a lipophenol in a mouse model of light-induced retinopathy
Authors: Taveau Nicolas , Cubizolle Aurélie , Guillou Laurent , Pinquier Nicolas , Moine Espérance , Cia David , Kalatzis Vasiliki , Vercauteren Joseph , Durand Thierry , Crauste Céline , Brabet Philippe
Published: July 2020

Environmental light has deleterious effects on the outer retina in human retinopathies, such as ABCA4-related Stargardt’s disease and dry age-related macular degeneration. These effects involve carbonyl and oxidative stress, which contribute to retinal cell death and vision loss. Here, we used an albino Abca4−/− mouse model, the outer retina of which shows susceptibility to acute photodamage, to test the protective efficacy of a new polyunsaturated fatty acid lipophenol derivative. Anatomical and functional analyses demonstrated that a single intravenous injection of isopropyl-phloroglucinol-DHA, termed IP-DHA, dose-dependently decreased light-induced photoreceptor degeneration and preserved visual sensitivity. This protective effect persisted for 3 months. IP-DHA did not affect the kinetics of the visual cycle in vivo or the activity of the RPE65 isomerase in vitro. Moreover, IP-DHA administered by oral gavage showed significant protection of photoreceptors against acute light damage. In conclusion, short-term tests in Abca4-deficient mice, following single-dose administration and light exposure, identify IP-DHA as a therapeutic agent for the prevention of retinal degeneration.
Quantitative comparison between the rhizosphere effect of Arabidopsis thaliana and co-occurring plant species with a longer life history
Authors: Schneijderberg Martinus , Cheng Xu , Franken Carolien , de Hollander Mattias , van Velzen Robin , Schmitz Lucas , Heinen Robin , Geurts Rene , van der Putten Wim H , Bezemer T Martijn , Bisseling Ton
Published: July 2020

As a model for genetic studies, Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) offers great potential to unravel plant genome-related mechanisms that shape the root microbiome. However, the fugitive life history of this species might have evolved at the expense of investing in capacity to steer an extensive rhizosphere effect. To determine whether the rhizosphere effect of Arabidopsis is different from other plant species that have a less fugitive life history, we compared the root microbiome of Arabidopsis to eight other, later succession plant species from the same habitat. The study included molecular analysis of soil, rhizosphere, and endorhizosphere microbiome both from the field and from a laboratory experiment. Molecular analysis revealed that the rhizosphere effect (as quantified by the number of enriched and depleted bacterial taxa) was ~35% lower than the average of the other eight species. Nevertheless, there are numerous microbial taxa differentially abundant between soil and rhizosphere, and they represent for a large part the rhizosphere effects of the other plants. In the case of fungal taxa, the number of differentially abundant taxa in the Arabidopsis rhizosphere is 10% of the other species’ average. In the plant endorhizosphere, which is generally more selective, the rhizosphere effect of Arabidopsis is comparable to other species, both for bacterial and fungal taxa. Taken together, our data imply that the rhizosphere effect of the Arabidopsis is smaller in the rhizosphere, but equal in the endorhizosphere when compared to plant species with a less fugitive life history.
SPEN induces miR-4652-3p to target HIPK2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Yang , Lv Yumin , Cheng Chao , Huang Yan , Yang Liu , He Jingjing , Tao Xingyu , Hu Yingying , Ma Yuting , Su Yun , Wu Liyang , Yu Guifang , Jiang Qingping , Liu Shu , Liu Xiong , Liu Zhen
Published: July 2020

SPEN family transcriptional repressor (SPEN), also known as the SMART/HDAC1-associated repressor protein (SHARP), has been reported to modulate the malignant phenotypes of breast cancer, colon cancer, and ovarian cancer. However, its role and the detail molecular basis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain elusive. In this study, the SPEN mRNA and protein expression was found to be increased in NPC cells and tissues compared with nonmalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells and tissues. Elevated SPEN protein expression was found to promote the pathogenesis of NPC and lead to poor prognosis. Knockdown of SPEN expression resulted in inactivation ofPI3K/AKT and c-JUN signaling, thereby suppressing NPC migration and invasion. In addition, miR-4652-3p was found to be a downstream inducer of SPEN by targeting the homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) gene, a potential tumor suppressor that reduces the activation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling, thereby reducing its expression and leading to increased NPC migration, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, SPEN was found to induce miR-4652-3p expression by activating PI3K/AKT/c-JUN signaling to target HIPK2. Our data provided a new molecular mechanism for SPEN as a metastasis promoter through activation of PI3K/AKT signaling, thereby stimulating the c-JUN/miR-4652-3p axis to target HIPK2 in NPC.
Theoretical dissection of superconductivity in two-dimensional honeycomb borophene oxide B2O crystal with a high stability
Authors: Yan Luo , Liu Peng-Fei , Li Hengtao , Tang Yong , He Junjie , Huang Xingyong , Wang Bao-Tian , Zhou Liujiang
Published: July 2020

Atomically thin borophene has recently been synthesized experimentally, significantly enriching the boron chemistry and broadening the family of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Recently, oxides of 2D materials have been widely investigated for next-generation electronic devices. Based on the first-principles calculations, we predict the existence of the superconductivity in honeycomb borophene oxide (B2O), which possesses a high stability and could be potentially prepared by intrinsically incorporating oxygen into the recently synthesized borophene. The mechanical, electronic, phonon properties, as well as electron–phonon coupling of metallic B2O monolayer, have been systematically scrutinized. Within the framework of the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer theory framework, the B2O monolayer exhibits an intrinsic superconducting feature with a superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of ~10.3 K, higher than many 2D borides (0.2–7.8 K). Further, strain can be utilized to tune the superconductivity with the optimal Tc of 14.7 K under a tensile strain of 1%. The superconducting trait mainly originates from the out-of-plane soft-mode vibrations of the system, which are significantly enhanced via the light O atoms’ incorporation compared to other 2D metal-boride superconductors. This strategy would open a door to design 2D superconducting structures via the participation of light elements. We believe our findings greatly bloom the 2D superconducting family and pave the way for future nanoelectronics.
Spray-coated paper supercapacitors
Authors: Say Mehmet Girayhan , Brooke Robert , Edberg Jesper , Grimoldi Andrea , Belaineh Dagmawi , Engquist Isak , Berggren Magnus
Published: July 2020

The increasing demands to further electrify and digitalize our society set demands for a green electrical energy storage technology that can be scaled between very small, and heavily distributed electrical energy sources, to very large volumes. Such technology must be compatible with fast-throughput, large-volume and low-cost fabrication processes, such as using printing and coating techniques. Here, we demonstrate a sequential production protocol to fabricate supercapacitors including electrodes based on cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS. Thin and lightweight paper electrodes, carbon adhesion layers and the gel electrolyte are fabricated using spray coating, screen printing, and bar coating, respectively. These all solid-state supercapacitors are flexible, mechanically robust and exhibit a low equivalent series resistance (0.22 Ω), thus resulting in a high power density (∼104 W/kg) energy technology. The supercapacitors are combined and connected to a power management circuit to demonstrate a smart packaging application. This work shows that operational and embedded supercapacitors can be manufactured in a manner to allow for the integration with, for instance smart packaging solutions, thus enabling powered, active internet-of-things (IoT) devices in a highly distributed application.
The Born supremacy: quantum advantage and training of an Ising Born machine
Authors: Coyle Brian , Mills Daniel , Danos Vincent , Kashefi Elham
Published: July 2020

The search for an application of near-term quantum devices is widespread. Quantum machine learning is touted as a potential utilisation of such devices, particularly those out of reach of the simulation capabilities of classical computers. In this work, we study such an application in generative modelling, focussing on a class of quantum circuits known as Born machines. Specifically, we define a subset of this class based on Ising Hamiltonians and show that the circuits encountered during gradient-based training cannot be efficiently sampled from classically up to multiplicative error in the worst case. Our gradient-based training methods use cost functions known as the Sinkhorn divergence and the Stein discrepancy, which have not previously been used in the gradient-based training of quantum circuits, and we also introduce quantum kernels to generative modelling. We show that these methods outperform the previous standard method, which used maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) as a cost function, and achieve this with minimal overhead. Finally, we discuss the ability of the model to learn hard distributions and provide formal definitions for ‘quantum learning supremacy’. We also exemplify the work of this paper by using generative modelling to perform quantum circuit compilation.
The development of the dog heartworm is highly sensitive to sterols which activate the orthologue of the nuclear receptor DAF-12
Authors: Long Thavy , Alberich Mélanie , André François , Menez Cécile , Prichard Roger K. , Lespine Anne
Published: July 2020

Prevention therapy against Dirofilaria immitis in companion animals is currently threatened by the emergence of isolates resistant to macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics. Understanding the control over developmental processes in D. immitis is important for elucidating new approaches to heartworm control. The nuclear receptor DAF-12 plays a role in the entry and exit of dauer stage in Caenorhabditis elegans and in the development of free-living infective third-stage larvae (iL3) of some Clade IV and V parasitic nematodes. We identified a DAF-12 ortholog in the clade III nematode D. immitis and found that it exhibited a much higher affinity for dafachronic acids than described with other nematode DAF-12 investigated so far. We also modelled the DimDAF-12 structure and characterized the residues involved with DA binding. Moreover, we showed that cholesterol derivatives impacted the molting process from the iL3 to the fourth-stage larvae. Since D. immitis is unable to synthesize cholesterol and only completes its development upon host infection, we hypothesize that host environment contributes to its further molting inside the host vertebrate. Our discovery contributes to a better understanding of the developmental checkpoints of D. immitis and offers new perspectives for the development of novel therapies against filarial infections.
Author Correction: Optical Absorption Exhibits Pseudo-Direct Band Gap of Wurtzite Gallium Phosphide
Authors: da Silva Bruno C. , Couto Odilon D. D. , Obata Hélio T. , de Lima Mauricio M. , Bonani Fábio D. , de Oliveira Caio E. , Sipahi Guilherme M. , Iikawa Fernando , Cotta Mônica A.
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Estimation versus measurement of the glomerular filtration rate for kidney function assessment in patients with cancer undergoing cisplatin-based chemotherapy
Authors: Klöckl Marie-Christin , Kasparek Anne-Katrin , Riedl Jakob M. , Moik Florian , Mollnar Stefanie , Stotz Michael , Szkandera Joanna , Terbuch Angelika , Gerger Armin , Niedrist Tobias , Pichler Martin , Bauernhofer Thomas , Schilcher Gernot , Zitta Sabine , Rosenkranz Alexander R. , Friedl Claudia , Stöger Herbert , Posch Florian
Published: July 2020

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) assessment is indicated before every administration of cisplatin. The optimal modality for this purpose [GFR measurement by urinary Creatinine Clearance (uCrCl) versus GFR estimation (eGFR) by the CKD-EPI formula versus both] is unclear. We investigated whether eGFR only is safe in this setting. Paired uCrCl and eGFR determinations from 470 cisplatin cycles from 121 patients were analyzed [median age: 55 years; most frequent tumor site: genitourinary (45%); palliative treatment: n = 41 (34%)]. Primary endpoint was the proportion of cycles with uCrCl < 50 ml/min/1.73m2 and eGFR ≥ 50 ml/min/1.73m2 (i.e. a “false negative” result when only determining eGFR). The primary endpoint occurred in 8 of 470 cisplatin cycles (1.7%, 95%CI 0.5–2.9). In all 8 events, uCrCl was lower than eGFR (mean uCrCl vs. eGFR: 43 versus 112 ml/min/1.73m2). The uCrCl was re-measured in all patients, and showed normal results in all but 1 patient. None of these events precluded the administration of cisplatin at the planned date, and no subsequent cases of acute nephrotoxicity occurred. Overall agreement between uCrCl and eGFR was low, with qualitative analysis suggesting frequent incompliance with 24-h urine collection. We conclude that an eGFR is sufficient for assessing kidney function in patients with cancer undergoing cisplatin therapy.
Author Correction: Organoid culture media formulated with growth factors of defined cellular activity
Authors: Urbischek Manuela , Rannikmae Helena , Foets Thomas , Ravn Katharina , Hyvönen Marko , de la Roche Marc
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Interferometric and fluorescence analysis of shock wave effects on cell membrane
Authors: Ito Yusuke , Veysset David , Kooi Steven E. , Martynowych Dmitro , Nakagawa Keiichi , Nelson Keith A.
Published: July 2020

Shock waves generated by laser pulses have been gaining attention for biological and medical applications in which shock-induced cell membrane deformation influences cell permeation. However, the mechanisms through which the deformation of cell membranes affects permeability remain mostly unknown because of the difficulty of observing in real time the transient and dynamic behaviors of the shock waves and the cells. Here we present an all-optical measurement method that can quantitatively capture the pressure distribution of the propagating shock wave and simultaneously monitor the dynamic behavior of cell membranes. Using this method, we find that the profile of the shock wave dictates the cell membrane permeation. The results suggest a possible mechanism of membrane permeation where sharp pressure gradients create pores on the membrane. Our measurement will foster further understanding of the interaction of shock waves with cells, while the proposed mechanism advances biological and medical applications of shock waves.
Plate-height model of ion mobility-mass spectrometry
Authors: Grabarics Márkó , Lettow Maike , Kirk Ansgar T. , von Helden Gert , Causon Tim J. , Pagel Kevin
Published: July 2020

In analogy to chromatography, a plate-height model of drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry is presented that describes zone broadening and resolving power in ion mobility separations.
Versatile electrochemical approaches
Authors: Arrigan Damien W. M. , Rodríguez-López Joaquín
Published: July 2020

Damien W. M. Arrigan and Joaquín Rodríguez-López introduce the Analyst themed issue on versatile electrochemical approaches.
Interface engineering of NiV-LDH@FeOOH heterostructures as high-performance electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline conditions
Authors: Bao Weiwei , Xiao Lei , Zhang Junjun , Deng Zhifeng , Yang Chunming , Ai Taotao , Wei Xueling
Published: July 2020

The NiV-LDH@FeOOH heterostructures exhibit an extremely low overpotential of ∼297 mV at 100 mA cm−2 current output, and excellent long-term durability.
The simulation of NMR data of flexible molecules: sagittamide A as an example for MD simulations with orientational constraints
Authors: Sternberg Ulrich , Tzvetkova Pavleta , Muhle-Goll Claudia
Published: July 2020

MDOC generates molecular conformers and discriminates chiral configurations.
Improving phase-transfer catalysis by enhancing non-covalent interactions
Authors: Iribarren Iñigo , Trujillo Cristina
Published: July 2020

A theoretical study of the interactions established between an alkaloid quinine-derived PTC and different anions of interest was performed. Ion pairing competes with an intermolecular hydrogen bond between the PT counteranion and potential HB donors.
Probing the impact of the N3-substituted alkyl chain on the electronic environment of the cation and the anion for 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids
Authors: Men Shuang , Jin Yujuan , Licence Peter
Published: July 2020

XPS is used to probe the impact of the N3-substituted alkyl chain on the electronic environment of the cation and the anion by comparing two types of imidazolium cations, 1-alkyl-3-butylimidazolium and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium.
Ionic self-diffusion and the glass transition anomaly in aluminosilicates
Authors: Atila Achraf , Ouaskit Said , Hasnaoui Abdellatif
Published: July 2020

Careful arguments are made to correlate the anomalous behavior of Tg with the diffusion and the degree of ordering in each sample.
Correction: The effect of crystallinity on the surface modification and optical properties of ZnO thin films
Authors: Purbayanto Muhammad Abiyyu Kenichi , Chichvarina Olga , Ding Jun , Rusydi Andrivo , Darma Yudi
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘The effect of crystallinity on the surface modification and optical properties of ZnO thin films’ by Muhammad Abiyyu Kenichi Purbayanto et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, 22, 2010–2018, DOI: 10.1039/C9CP05464B.
On the limits of tuning comonomer affinity of ‘Spaleck-type’ ansa-zirconocenes in ethene/1-hexene copolymerization: a high-throughput experimentation/QSAR approach
Authors: Ehm Christian , Vittoria Antonio , Goryunov Georgy P. , Izmer Vyatcheslav V. , Kononovich Dmitry S. , Samsonov Oleg V. , Budzelaar Peter H. M. , Voskoboynikov Alexander Z. , Busico Vincenzo , Uborsky Dmitry V. , Cipullo Roberta
Published: July 2020

A change in rate-limiting step imparts a natural limit for comonomer affinity of C2-symmetric zirconocenes.
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as hard templates for preparing mesoporous zeolite Y assemblies with high catalytic activity
Authors: Abdulridha Samer , Jiang Jiuxing , Xu Shaojun , Zhou Zhaoxia , Liang He , Mao Boyang , Zhou Yangtao , Garforth Arthur A. , Jiao Yilai , Fan Xiaolei
Published: July 2020

Faujasite (FAU) Y zeolite assemblies with high mesoporosity (Sext = 347 m2 g−1 and Vmeso = 0.52 cm3 g−1) were synthesised using sustainable and economic cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) via a template-directed synthesis method.
The determination of ultra-trace rare-earth elements in iron minerals via HR-ICP-MS following chemical purification by polyurethane foam
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Xue Dingshuai , Li Wenjun , Li Chaofeng
Published: July 2020

This paper employed polyurethane foam to separate an iron matrix for the determination of ultra-low rare earth elements in iron minerals.
Poly-halogenated aza-bodipy dyes with improved solubility as a versatile synthetic platform for the design of photonic materials
Authors: David Sylvain , Pilet Guillaume , Berginc Gérard , Andraud Chantal , Maury Olivier
Published: July 2020

The optimization of the solubility in organic solvents of halogenated aza-dipyrromethenes was achieved by substitution of the upper phenyl moieties by branched long alkoxy chains (1f) or by using an OMe–OHex–OMe pattern (1h).
β-Galactosidase instructed self-assembly of supramolecular bolaamphiphiles hydrogelators
Authors: Baillet Julie , Gaubert Alexandra , Verget Julien , Latxague Laurent , Barthélémy Philippe
Published: July 2020

β-Galactosidase instructed supramolecular assemblies of Low Molecular Weight Gelators (LMWGs) derived from glyconucleo-bolaamphiphiles have been designed.
Correction: Anomalous and heterogeneous DNA transport in biomimetic cytoskeleton networks
Authors: Garamella Jonathan , Regan Kathryn , Aguirre Gina , McGorty Ryan J. , Robertson-Anderson Rae M.
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘Anomalous and heterogeneous DNA transport in biomimetic cytoskeleton networks’ by Jonathan Garamella et al., Soft Matter, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00544d.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms in the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome and ovarian cancer
Authors: Xiong Ying , Bian Ce , Lin Xiaojuan , Wang Xiaoli , Xu Kehui , Zhao Xia
Published: July 2020

Polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) in hormone metabolism pathways might cause metabolic disturbances and contribute to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and ovarian cancer, but the published studies were inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) gene polymorphisms in the risk of PCOS and ovarian cancer by meta-analysis. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in databases for studies published from 1995 to 2020. The pooled ORs were calculated by Revman 5.2 software. Twenty-nine articles including 45 case–control studies were included. We found that MTHFR C677T polymorphisms were correlated with elevated PCOS risk (TT vs. CT+CC: OR = 1.41, 95%CI = 1.20–1.67; TT+CT vs. CC: OR = 1.54, 95%CI = 1.07–2.22; CT vs. CC+TT: OR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.04–1.33; TT vs. CC: OR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.03–2.11; T vs. C: OR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.06–1.47), which were more obvious in Middle Eastern subgroup. MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms were also associated with overall PCOS susceptibility (CC vs. AC+AA: OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.61–4.03; CC+AC vs. AA: OR = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.04–3.28; CC vs. AA: OR = 2.66, 95%CI = 1.68–4.22; C vs. A: OR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.03–2.71), which were mainly reflected in Asian subjects. For ovarian cancer, MTHFR C677T polymorphisms were only related with elevated ovarian cancer risk in Asian population, while no significant association was found for A1298C polymorphisms. This meta-analysis suggested that MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms were correlated with elevated PCOS risk. MTHFR C667T only posed a higher risk for ovarian cancer in Asians instead of other populations, while MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms were not related to ovarian cancer risk. Further studies are needed to validate the conclusion.
Net platelet clot strength of thromboelastography platelet mapping assay for the identification of high on-treatment platelet reactivity in post-PCI patients
Authors: Cheng Daye , Zhao Shuo , Hao Yiwen
Published: July 2020

High-on treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) leads to more prevalence of thrombotic event in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin in addition to one P2Y12 inhibitor is commonly administrated to reduce HTPR. However, ‘one size fits all’ antiplatelet strategy is widely implemented due to lacking benefits with tailored strategy. One reason for the failure of tailored treatment might be less specificity of the current indicators for HTPR. Therefore, searching for specific indicators for HTPR is critical. Thromboelastograph with platelet mapping (TEGpm) assay has been explored for identifying HTRP. Variables of TEGpm assay, including maximum amplitude (MA) induced by thrombin (MAthrombin), R time, platelet aggregation rate induced by ADP (TEGaradp) and MA induced by ADP (MAadp) have been demonstrated to be able to identify HTPR in post-PCI patients. However, these variables for HTPR might be less specific. Thus, in the present study, a novel variable nMAadp was derived by removing fibrin contribution from MAadp and analyzed for its usefulness in determining HTPR. In addition, MAthrombin, R time, MAadp and TEGaradp were also examined for determining HTPR. In conclusion, nMAadp and TEGaradp were demonstrated to be independent indicators for HTPR; nMAadp had the strongest power to identify HTPR with cutoff value of 26.3 mm; MAthrombin and R time were not significantly different between patients with and without HTPR; combination of TEGaradp and nMAadp further improved the ability to identify HTPR with an AUC of 0.893.
Evidence for supernova feedback sustaining gas turbulence in nearby star-forming galaxies
Authors: Bacchini Cecilia , Fraternali Filippo , Iorio Giuliano , Pezzulli Gabriele , Marasco Antonino , Nipoti Carlo
Published: July 2020

It is widely known that the gas in galaxy discs is highly turbulent, but there is much debate on which mechanism can energetically maintain this turbulence. Among the possible candidates, supernova (SN) explosions are likely the primary drivers but doubts remain on whether they can be sufficient in regions of moderate star formation activity, in particular in the outer parts of discs. Thus, a number of alternative mechanisms have been proposed. In this paper, we measure the SN efficiencyη, namely the fraction of the total SN energy needed to sustain turbulence in galaxies, and verify that SNe can indeed be the sole driving mechanism. The key novelty of our approach is that we take into account the increased turbulence dissipation timescale associated with the flaring in outer regions of gaseous discs. We analyse the distribution and kinematics of HI and CO in ten nearby star-forming galaxies to obtain the radial profiles of the kinetic energy per unit area for both the atomic gas and the molecular gas. We use a theoretical model to reproduce the observed energy with the sum of turbulent energy from SNe, as inferred from the observed star formation rate (SFR) surface density, and the gas thermal energy. For the atomic gas, we explore two extreme cases in which the atomic gas is made either of cold neutral medium or warm neutral medium, and the more realistic scenario with a mixture of the two phases. We find that the observed kinetic energy is remarkably well reproduced by our model across the whole extent of the galactic discs, assumingηconstant with the galactocentric radius. Taking into account the uncertainties on the SFR surface density and on the atomic gas phase, we obtain that the median SN efficiencies for our sample of galaxies are ⟨ηatom⟩ = 0.015−0.008+0.018for the atomic gas and ⟨ηmol⟩ = 0.003−0.002+0.006for the molecular gas. We conclude that SNe alone can sustain gas turbulence in nearby galaxies with only few percent of their energy and that there is essentially no need for any further source of energy.
Generalization of study experience of Ural ore deposits by method of tectonophysical analysis gravitational field
Authors: Philatov Vladimir , Boltnova Lubov , Vandysheva Ksenya
Published: July 2020

Gravity is important in the history of Earth 's formation and evolution. Gravitational accretion, gravitational differentiation of Earth matter by density. Gravitational accretion, gravity differentiation of the Earth 's substance in density, its movement and other processes deform the Earth 's crust, contribute to the formation in it of different scale, shape and metallogenical specialization of plicative and disjunctive structures, with which genetically and spatially related deposits of different minerals. The link between gravity and deformation of the geological medium is its density inhomogeneities. Their role is twofold: they are either formed by gravity stresses or are themselves sources of stress and strain. The method of studying the deformation of the geological medium by gravity is called tectonophysical analysis of the gravitational field. Its physical basis is two fundamental laws: the law of world gravity and the law on proportional dependence between stress and deformation. This method solves two problems.
Study of the geochemical processes of radionuclides of oil and gas fields
Authors: Glushkova Tatyana , Kachkin Aleksei , Nejmyshev Ivan , Talalaj Aleksandr , Shinkaryuk Irina
Published: July 2020

The objects of study of the geochemical processes of radionuclides are deposits of the West Siberian Plate, the distribution of radioactive elements in the areas of the Tyumen oil and gas region. In the process of work, the chemical composition of sedimentary rocks was investigated, and the mass fractions of uranium, radium, thorium, potassium, and other chemical elements were determined. Data on the distribution of radionuclides in individual wells and areas were considered, correlation diagrams of geochemical specificity were constructed. To determine the mass fractions of uranium, radium, thorium, potassium, and other chemical elements, gamma spectrometric, neutron activation, X-ray spectral, and laser-luminescent measurements were used. In order to control the measurement results, the determination of uranium in the samples was duplicated using the delayed neutron method in a specialized facility. The accuracy of uranium determination, estimated from independent measurements, was ~ 6.4% (rel.). The radioactive equilibrium is shifted towards uranium, which indicates an increase in the mass fractions of naturally radioactive elements in the raw of sandstones -sandstone-siltstone open pits - siltstones. The increase of the level of natural radioactivity in the direction from sandstones to siltstones is explained by the difference in brittleness between quartz and grains of active accessories, which indicates a stable ratio between radium and uranium in the sandstones-siltstones in relation to the considered areas of the Tyumen region.
Possibility of using RIT technology in the ground conditions of Vietnam
Authors: Kharin Yury
Published: July 2020

The article compares engineering and geological conditions in the coastal areas of Vietnam and Tunisia. A sufficiently high similarity of soil structure and their physical and mechanical properties was noted. Both in Vietnam and in Tunisia, foundations for responsible buildings and structures are arranged on bored piles of the same length of 40-60 meters and a diameter of 600 to 1600 mm. The article provides examples of using super-piles of small-size RIT using recharge impulse technology in conditions of weak water-saturated coastal soils of Tunisia. The high efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the new recharge impulse technology were noted. The article presents photographic materials of the test stand for conducting field tests of piles, presents and analyzes the results of testing piles with vertical static load. The low precipitation of the tested piles and their high load-bearing capacity prove the promise of using super-piles of RIT in the conditions of weak soils of Tunisia and, consequently, in the coastal areas of Vietnam.
Features of software testing in the development of geographic information systems
Authors: Galimova Ekaterina
Published: July 2020

In this article, the method of selecting a method of testing geographic information systems is proposed. Nowadays, thanks to advances in information technology new methods of data exchange, positioning technologies, improvements in spatial databases, there has been a significant leap in development of geographic information system. When choosing a testing method, it is recommended to take into account not only the financial component, but also the specific characteristics of the tested software system. A list of questions is developed by which qualitative properties of software systems are formalized. The list of questions is based on the ISO/IEC 25010:2011 model. The relevance of this work follows from the fact that new technologies of software development require new approaches to testing software systems. Properly developed testing technique improves the quality of geographic information systems created. Improving quality increases the competitiveness and demand of software products.
Large values of transverse magnetic reduction of nickel single crystal films
Authors: Urinov Khudoyor , Amonov Adkham , Zhumanov Khakberdi , Urinova Zebo , Gulamov Gulam
Published: July 2020

In this work we studied the anisotropy of the transverse magnetoresistance of single-crystal nickel films. The measurements were carried out on samples whose surface plane coincided with the [001] cavity. Studies of magnetoresistance in a monocrystalline nickel film showed tensile stresses acting on it from the side of magnesium oxide. The modification of the magnetization anisatropy of the film on the substrates as compared with the free sample is apparently associated with a change in the shape of the Fermi surface of the carriers.
The interaction of the main actuators of hydraulic excavators
Authors: Nabiullin Rustem , Teliman Irina , Khoroshavin Sergey
Published: July 2020

The operation modes of the main actuators of hydraulic excavators during their joint operation in the process of rock excavation are considered. It is shown that the main mechanisms for turning the boom of the handle and the bucket are part of hydromechanical units consisting of an engine (hydraulic cylinder) and a main mechanism in which the engine (the cylinder and the rod itself) and elements of the working equipment (boom, handle or bucket) are the links of the mechanism.

It has been established that the relationship between the parameters of the mechanical energy of the engines and the power parameters implemented on the driven (output) links of the mechanisms depend on the magnitude of the extension of the hydraulic cylinder rod. Mathematical models of the main mechanisms are developed. A computational experiment was carried out to determine the actual values of energy-power parameters implemented on the cutting edge of the bucket (teeth) during excavation of rocks at characteristic points of the excavator's working area, as well as reactive loads in the rota-tion mechanisms of the boom and stick.

The proposed methodology for determining the operational parameters of the main mechanisms will allow us to estimate the range of changes in the power parameters implemented on the cutting edge of the bucket in the working area and to identify the relationship between active and reactive loads in the mechanisms due to the serial connection of hydromechanical units.
Forest lands of industrial regions as an object of system monitoring and comprehensive assessment in modern conditions
Authors: Lebedeva T.A. , Grevtsev N.V. , Oleinikova L.N. , Stikhin A.A.
Published: July 2020

The forest lands of industrial areas as an object of system monitoring and comprehensive assessment in modern conditions are represented in the form of natural objects, as a part of the ecological environment, as a subject of legal regulation of the land and forest relations.
Regional water and environmental analysis of the Ural Federal District
Authors: Semyachkov A.I. , Pochechun V.A. , Semyachkov K.A.
Published: July 2020

The article explains the need to diagnose the man-made impact on water resources as a priority task to ensure the environmental safety of the territory in order to develop a sound regional environmental policy in relation to the sustainable and environmentally safe use of water resources. The diagnostic results of the water and environmental situation in the Ural Federal District are provided.
Managed attenuation of the mining enterprise as a component of the development strategy of the territory
Authors: Yadransky Dmitriy , Chumak Elena , Latypov Rinat
Published: July 2020

The article critically examines the positive and negative consequences of labor productivity growth at mining enterprises in the conditions of the old industrial region. It is suggested that for enterprises of the middle Urals it is necessary to form a mining production development strategy based on the directions of the regional strategy, which is not always connected with labor productivity growth by increasing mining volumes. The article is aimed at studying the factors affecting the prospects of mining enterprises activity from the standpoint of choosing strategic alternatives to their development. The methods of analysis: logical analysis, structural analysis, logical modeling, literature analysis. Using the logical modeling method, the following hypothesis was verified: that mining enterprises strategic development features in the conditions of an old industrial region should consider the strategy of municipalities in which these enterprises are located. For such mining enterprises, the increase in productivity through increased production is not unequivocally positive. It is concluded that in order to ensure the activities coherence of regions and enterprises, it is necessary to ensure balanced development, which can be achieved through the application of a managed strategy attenuation of the mining enterprise.
Analysis of computed discount rates for the largest companies of the mineral resources sector of Russia
Authors: Podkorytov Vladimir Nikolaevich , Mochalova Lyudmila Anatolyevna
Published: July 2020

The article provides a comparative analysis of discount rates for the largest companies in the mineral resources sector of Russia, which are calculated on the basis of statistical data from the US and Russian securities markets. Using the CAPM model (Capital Asset Pricing Model) for each selected company, various ruble discount rates were obtained. Calculations based on statistical data from the Russian securities market showed higher rates, and this, according to the authors, can negatively affect the assessment of potential investment projects in terms of their effectiveness. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that when calculating discount rates, it is advisable to use statistical data from the US securities market, since they give more objective results. The appropriateness of their use in forecasting the return on investment is largely due to the length of the retrospective period when calculating the premium for the risk of investing in stocks (from 1928 to the present), smoothing out market volatility at certain crisis times. The Russian securities market has a short retrospective, uneven dynamics of indicators, which does not allow full use of its statistical information. The authors see the prospect of further research in constructing special stochastic models for discount rates forecasting to evaluate investments in companies of the mineral resources sector of Russia.
Subsurface waste management in the conditions of circular economy
Authors: Mochalova Lyudmila Anatolyevna , Sokolova Olga Gennadievna
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the consideration of modern approaches to the subsurface waste management and the integrated development of the mineral resources base, the development of which requires consideration of the environmental, industrial, technological and economic aspects of this issue. The authors of the article note that it is advisable to use such modern management technologies as circular business models, 3R and 5R concepts, as well as logistics methods of waste management for the waste management of enterprises of the mineral resources sector. These technologies make it possible to form an eco-industrial symbiosis, the main object of which is a mining enterprise connected with other symbiosis objects by material flows. The authors are convinced that the successful functioning of eco-industrial symbiosis will lead to the maximum use of subsurface waste, minimization of their storage and disposal volumes, and, ultimately, will contribute to the integrated use of mineral raw materials.
Mathematical model of jet control of adaptability of mine turbomachines
Authors: Makarov Nikolai
Published: July 2020

Achieving synergies from high-tech industries in combination with environmental technologies of innovative subsurface use is possible only on the path to the formation of a qualitatively new approach to creation of energy-efficient technologies including assistive technologies. The lack of adaptability of turbomachines providing industrial safety by more than 15% increases the cost of production of mining and oil and gas complexes of the Russian Federation, reducing their competitiveness due to their low energy efficiency. An equation is derived in the article for calculating the circulation of a circular lattice of aero-gas-dynamic profiles as a function of the energy parameters of the sources and vortex chambers drains associated with the energy efficiency of turbomachines. The dominant influence of jet control over the flow profiles of impeller blades is proved due to the energy characteristics of sources and drains, which are associated with the parameters of the mine network. Improving the methodology for the aerodynamic calculation of circular lattice of aerodynamic profiles and the development of radial aerodynamic schemes with increased adaptability made it possible to derive an absolutely unique vector for the future development of fan construction, fundamentally based on nature-like technologies for energy conversion and transfer. The possibility of a significant increase in aerodynamic loading, adaptability and efficiency of mine turbomachines, made according to radial aerodynamic schemes with vortex chambers built into the blades of the impeller, which perform the functions of adaptive inkjet circulation control devices, is proved. According to the results of the research, the VRVP-8 radial-vortex fan was created, which has 55% greater energy efficiency in relation to fans of the VME VV type. Currently, turbomachines are being developed based on nature-like technologies in relation to the oil and gas industry.