bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Philosophical and legal concepts of education in the modern learning process
Authors: Krygina Irina , Rybak Svetlana
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the conceptual analysis of the modern socio-cultural and legal environment of the Russian society, due to the systemic and structural changes taking place in the Russian political and legal dimension, which can provoke the processes of destabilization of the internal political and legal system of the Russian state. The created conflict environment has a negative impact on the legal state of Russian society, and it is reflected, first of all, on its legal consciousness and socio-legal culture. These conditions significantly reduce the level of social and legal activity of Russians. The question of how Russian society will get out of this situation is of a strategic nature, as it relates to the formation of the legal environment as a tool for maintaining national security. The aim of the work is to update the concept of modern legal education as an immanent part of the educational process, the strategic focus of which also consists in the most optimal overcoming of the crisis and destructive effects on the socio-cultural and legal environment of modern Russian society. Thus, the need to restore a healthy moral and spiritual climate in Russian society, to overcome the factors of destructive influence on the socio-legal activity of Russians, as well as to stimulate a high socio-legal level of Russian society, especially in the run-up to the fateful constructive changes being implemented, leads to the search for such effective tools as education and upbringing, which will be aimed at activating the mechanisms of socio-cultural, legal consciousness and legal culture of Russian society.
Innovations in education in the process of distance learning based on digital technologies
Authors: Goryacheva Elena , Kartavtseva Olga
Published: June 2021

The article discusses innovative approaches to solving the problem of art education in the process of online learning based on digital technologies. The authors proposed their method. The relevance of the problem considered in the article is due to several reasons: Covid-19 pandemic in Russia; the emergence of new digital technologies in education; a significant increase of the flow of visual information, also associated with art. The author’s method is based on innovative approaches to the system of creation of professional, psychological, pedagogical, and artistic technologies in an online form, the development of digital learning techniques, and professional tools in the interaction of a pedagogue and students. A part of art education that requires the close consideration of art technological elements also requires continuous cooperation of the pedagogue and students for the transfer and assimilation of professional skills. It is necessary to control the work process with close attention to the techniques of performing a creative task in any field of artistic and creative activity. The author's method was developed by the didactic concept of teaching based on digital technologies, psychological and pedagogical concepts of personality-oriented education. It is also based on the didactic principles of science, clarity, the connection of theory and practice activity, the sequence of learning from simple to complex, and problem-based learning. The structure and criteria for evaluating the process of remote artistic activity of students and its results are developed.
New technologies in education
Authors: Larchenko Victor , Barynikova Olga
Published: June 2021

This article contains a study on the topic “Digitalization and education: the current state and prospects.” It has analyzed such aspects of digital education as digital literacy, mobile digital education, and the ethics of artificial intelligence in education, VR and AR technologies in digital education, robotics training in educational institutions. Electronic textbooks, digital education software are very useful in development of foreign language learning right now. The purpose of this article is to familiarize with the results of the study on the introduction of digitalization in the educational process. The most attention is paid to its growing role attention in the condition of pandemic, when the processes of learning and teaching have to be changed in form of new material giving and finding. As it turned out the students have obtained better knowledge thanks to new digital approaches in educational process. As for teachers, they were more effective in monitoring student knowledge allowing them more independence. Conclusions have been drawn on the effectiveness of each aspect and digital education in general. Statistics on access to digital technologies, frequency of software use, percentage of digital technology ownership has also identified
The course of cognitive linguistics in the curriculum of the master’s degree programme on digital humanities
Authors: Milkevich Yelena , Severina Yelena
Published: June 2021

The Master’s Degree Programme “Digital technologies in philology. Computer linguistics” at Southern Federal University, Russia, Rostov-on-Don, offers innovative multi-disciplinary courses based on the ideology of Digital Humanities. It combines knowledge from various sciences which complement each other in digital research. Cognitive linguistics is interdisciplinary in its essence as it makes use of different sciences, such as philosophy, linguistics, psychology, neuroscience, anthropology, mathematical statistics and others in order to explain the workings of our mind. This humanitarian science widely implements in its linguistic inquiry technologies, methods and tools from other related spheres. All these make it important to incorporate the academic course of cognitive linguistics into the Master’s Degree Programme. To better benefit the Programme the course is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. During the course the students get knowledge of basic assumptions in cognitive linguistics, which help to set their minds in ‘cognitive linguistics’ thinking. Further course-based experience enables students to carry out linguistic research applying modern methods of corpus analysis, cognitive analysis, introspection and other big data tools. The practical part is based on a definite algorithm of steps, which help to conduct multidisciplinary analysis and easy to follow in the students’ independent research.
Ways of text adaptation by means of creolization in pedagogical discourse
Authors: Pervukhina Svetlana , Lysova Olga
Published: June 2021

This research is focused on creolized or polycode texts functioning in pedagogical discourse and the ways of text adaptation by means of creolization. With the development of modern ways of communication, the number of texts combining verbal and non-verbal components has dramatically increased. In modern communication non-verbal component may be represented by pictures, photos, different printing types and colour coding, video and audio components. Due to their high efficiency such texts are used in all kinds of discourse: pedagogical, political, medical etc. One of the purposes of pedagogical discourse is the presentation of new information to students. This information should be adapted to the conceptual system of the addressee in order to facilitate the perception. Creolized or polycode texts often perform this function. According to our research, means of creolization can be used in adaptation of a notion, situational, motivational, and intensifying adaptation.
The use of functional food products for the prevention of vitamin deficiency in people with increased physical and neuropsychic stress on the example of firefighters-rescuers
Authors: Turova Natalya , Stabrovskaya Elena , Vasilchenko Natalya , Prosin Maksim , Moiseev Aleksandr
Published: June 2021

Deficiency of vitamins and a number of minerals inevitably leads to disturbances in metabolic processes and physiological functions and, as a consequence, to poor health, a decrease in the body’s defenses, and the development of vitamin deficiency diseases. Prevention of vitamin deficiency consists in ensuring full correspondence between human needs for vitamins and their intake with food. The entire set of vitamins necessary for a person can enter the body only if all food groups are used in the diet. Mechanization and automation of the labor process made work easier and reduced energy costs, however the work of firefighters-rescuers has become much more difficult, tense and dangerous. Rescue work is dangerous and requires trusting cooperation - a wrong decision or behavior can endanger the health and life of the rescuer himself, his team, and others. Based on the results of the work, a conclusion was made about the undoubted physiological and energy value of an instant granular drink based on concentrated curd whey and fruit and berry raw materials, as well as the need for its introduction into the diet of firefighters-rescuers, to ensure the normal course of life processes in the body, and mainly for prevention of vitamin deficiency.
Hypothyreose beim Hund: eine Übersicht
Authors: Strey Sina , Mischke Reinhard , Rieder Johanna
Published: June 2021

Die Hypothyreose stellt eine der häufigsten Endokrinopathien des Hundes dar. In seltenen Fällen ist sie mit anderen Endokrinopathien assoziiert, am häufigsten mit einem Hypoadrenokortizismus. Die Diagnose einer Hypothyreose wird durch die Bestimmung der Konzentration der Schilddrüsenhormone (T4, fT4) und des Thyreoidea-stimulierenden Hormons (TSH) gestellt. Da Schilddrüsenhormonkonzentrationen im Blut durch viele andere Faktoren wie systemische Erkrankungen und Medikamente beeinflusst werden, ist es wichtig, die Befunde zusammen mit klinischen Symptomen zu beurteilen. Gegebenenfalls müssen Stimulationstests und bildgebende Verfahren (Ultraschalluntersuchung, Szintigrafie) durchgeführt werden, um die Diagnose zu erhärten. Die Diagnostik und Therapie einer Hypothyreose erfolgt durch die Substitution des Schilddrüsenhormons Thyroxin. Bestehen weitere Symptome (z. B. Polyurie, Polydipsie oder Gewichtsverlust) bzw. bleibt eine entsprechende Besserung nach Therapiebeginn aus, sollte an das kombinierte Vorliegen anderer Endokrinopathien wie Morbus Addison oder Diabetes mellitus gedacht bzw. die Diagnose der Schilddrüsenunterfunktion kritisch hinterfragt werden. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die aktuelle Therapie und Diagnostik der Hypothyreose.
Eye Banks: Future Perspectives
Authors: Menzel-Severing Johannes , Salla Sabine , Geerling Gerd
Published: June 2021

Technological progress and societal change are transforming medicine, and cornea banks are no exception. New infectiological factors, statutory requirements, management concepts, globalisation and digitalisation are also influencing how such facilities will operate in the future. The goal of providing high quality material to patients with corneal disease remains unaltered. The present article seeks to shed light on the type of material this will involve and under what circumstances it is to be obtained.
Structure–Assembly–Property Relationships of Simple Ditopic Hydrogen-Bonding-Capable π-Conjugated Oligomers
Authors: Weldeab Asmerom O. , Kornman Cory T. , Li Lei , Starkenburg Daken J. , Zhao Xueying , Fagnani Danielle E. , Sadovy Sara J. , Perry Scott S. , Xue Jiangeng , Castellano Ronald K.
Published: June 2021

A series of simple ditopic hydrogen-bonding-capable molecules functionalized with 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine (DAT), barbiturate (B), and phthalhydrazide (PH) on both termini of a 2,2′-bithiophene linker were designed and synthesized. The intrinsic electronic structures of the ditopic DAT, PH, and B molecules were investigated with ground-state density functional theory calculations. Their solution absorbance was investigated with UV-vis, where it was found that increasing size of R group substituents on the bithiophene linker resulted in a general blue-shift in solution absorbance maximum. The solid-state optical properties of ditopic DAT and B thin films were evaluated by UV-vis, and it was found that the solid-state absorbance was red-shifted with respect to solution absorbance in all cases. The three DAT molecules were vacuum-thermal-deposited onto Au(111) substrates and the morphologies were examined using scanning tunneling microscopy. (DAT-T)2
was observed to organize into six-membered rosettes on the surface, whereas (DAT-TMe)2
formed linear assemblies before and after thermal annealing. For (DAT-Toct)2
, an irregular arrangement was observed, while (B-TMe)2
showed several co-existent assembly patterns. The work presented here provides fundamental molecular–supramolecular relationships useful for semiconductive materials design based on ditopic hydrogen-bonding-capable building blocks.
Extended Middle Fossa Approach for Trigeminal Schwannoma Resection
Authors: Muhsen Baha'eddin A. , Najera Edinson , Borghei-Razavi Hamid , Adada Badih
Published: June 2021

Trigeminal schwannomas are rare benign tumors, it is second most common intracranial schwannomas after vestibular schwannomas. The management includes not limited to observation, stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy, and/or surgical resection. Tumor size and patient clinical status are the most important factors in management.

In this video, we describe the technical nuances of an extended middle fossa approach for large trigeminal schwannoma with cavernous sinus extension resection. A 44-year-old right-handed female with several months' history of progressive right facial paresthesia and pain in the distribution of V3 mainly. On physical examination, she had decreased sensation to light touch over the right V1 to V3 distribution with loss of cornel reflex. The brain MRI showed 3.5 cm bilobed mass extends from the pontine root entry zone to the cavernous sinus. Craniotomy was performed and followed by middle fossa dural peeling, peeling of temporal lobe dura away from the wall of the cavernous sinus, extradurally anterior clinoidectomy, drilling of the petrous apex, coagulation of superior petrosal sinus followed incision of the tentorium up to the tentorial notch with preservation the fourth cranial nerve, and tumor dissected away from V1 and then gradually removed from the superior wall of the cavernous sinus.

The technique presented here allows for complete tumor resection, safe navigation through the relative cavernous sinus compartments, and minimizes the possibility of inadvertent injury to the cranial nerves.

The postoperative course was uneventful except for right eye incomplete ptosis from the swelling. Her facial pain subsided after the surgery without any extra ocular movement impairment.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/zxi2XK2R9QU.
Cohort of Phenotype, Genotype, and Outcome of SCN Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies from Southern Part of India
Authors: Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Battina Manojna , Vegda Hemadri , Srinivasan Varunvenkat M. , Chikara Surendra K. , Mishra Adrija , Shivappa Sanjay K. , Benakappa Naveen
Published: June 2021

The SCN encephalopathies are one of the rare early childhood intractable epileptic encephalopathies associated with pleomorphic seizures, cognitive decline, motor, and behavioral abnormalities that begin in early infancy. There is a dearth of data on phenotype and genotype of SCN encephalopathies from the Indian subcontinent, hence we are reporting clinical and molecular profile and outcome of SCN developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. This is a retrospective chart review of SCN developmental and epileptic encephalopathies in a tertiary care center, Bangalore, India between January 2015 and March 2020. All children with clinical features of SCN developmental and epileptic encephalopathies and confirmed with pathogenic variants were included. A total of 50 cases of SCN developmental and epileptic encephalopathies were analyzed, 31 of them were male and the mean age of presentation was 7.8 months. Precipitating factors for the first episode of seizure were fever and vaccination accounting for 33 and 8 children, respectively. Forty (80%) children had prolonged seizures and 15 (30%) had epileptic spasms. All children had a normal birth history and normal development before the onset of seizures, which was followed by developmental delay and regression. Thirty (60%) children had behavioral difficulties, notable hyperactivity, and autistic features. Neuroimaging and the initial electroencephalogram (EEG) were normal in all patients. The mean age of abnormal EEG was 14 months. The various subtypes of SCN variants were SCN1A in 31 children followed by SCN2A and SCN9A in eight children each and SCN1B in three children. Frameshift and nonsense mutations were associated with more severe phenotype and poor outcome compared with missense mutations. Thirty-four patients partially responded to treatment and the rest were refractory. The results of genetic testing were used to guide treatment; sodium channel blocking antiepileptic drugs were discontinued in 15 patients and sodium channel blocking agents were started in 3 patients with partial response. Three out of four children on stiripentol had a partial response. The SCN developmental and epileptic encephalopathies can present with epileptic spasms in addition to other types of seizures. Epileptic spasms are more common in nonsense and frameshift mutations. The outcome is poor in children with epileptic spasms compared with those without epileptic spasms. Genetic testing helps to select antiepileptic drugs that lead to seizure reduction.
Bacterial Etiology of Neonatal Sepsis, Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile, and Associated Factors at Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Tapas , Saha Jinia , Pal Kuhu , Barik Kanai L.
Published: June 2021

Objective Neonatal sepsis remains to be a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in developing countries like India. This study was aimed to identify the bacterial isolates and study antimicrobial profile among admitted babies with neonatal sepsis.

Methods A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in the sick neonatal wards and neonatal intensive care unit of Burdwan Medical College from March 2017 to February 2018. A total of 299 neonates suspected of neonatal sepsis was evaluated. Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis was made through positive blood culture. Positive samples were subcultured on specific media like blood, chocolate agar, nutrient, Muller–Hinton agar, and MacConkey plates, and the organisms were identified by gram staining and biochemical reactions. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method.

Results Overall, 118 blood cultures out of 299 patients (39.46%) were bacteria-positive. Of these, 31.3% cases had early-onset septicemia (EOS), while 68.6% had late-onset septicemia (LOS). The prevalence of sepsis was higher in males (55.9%), preterm babies (58.47%), and low birth weight neonates (37.29%). The highest bacterial strains isolated were Klebsiella spp. (33.8%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (25.8%), Escherichia coli (22.8%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (12.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (2.5%), Enterococcus spp. (1.6%), Acinetobacter spp. (0.8%), and Burkholderia spp. (0.8%). Resistance is high among the gram-negative bacteria, like Enterobacter and Pseudomonas, for piperacillin–tazobactam and cephalosporins but they are mostly sensitive to meropenem, colistin, and levofloxacin. Gram-positive bacteria, like S. aureus, are mostly resistant to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid but highly sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin, azithromycin, and teicoplanin.

Conclusion K. spp. and S. aureus are the most common isolates in our study. The level of resistance among the organisms toward conventional antibiotics like amoxicillin, cephalosporins, and piperacillin–tazobactum is alarmingly high. This warrants formulation of a hospital-specific guideline for antibiotic use and periodic review of the same.
Piezoelectric response of energetic composites under an electrostatic excitation
Authors: Shin Ju Hwan (Jay) , Zhou Min
Published: June 2021

Several high-explosive (HE) crystals are known to be piezoelectric. However, no systematic study has been carried out on how this effect can be utilized. In this paper, we report the results of an analysis on the response of composites consisting of HE crystals and a polymeric binder under electrostatic excitation. The HE crystals considered are 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, and ammonium perchlorate. To explore avenues for enhancing the piezoelectric effect, the binder of the composites is taken to be piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride. The focus is on the distributions of induced electric field vector and mechanical stress in the microstructures. The effects of crystal–binder volume fraction, HE crystal size, and dielectric constants of the HE crystals are investigated. To further explore the effect, microparticles of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic are introduced to some microstructures. For the HE crystals considered here, a coupled electromechanical analysis shows that the microstructural heterogeneities can enhance the local electric fields to as high as 1.34 times the applied E-field, causing the dielectric breakdown field strength of the overall composite to be much lower than the breakdown strengths of the constituents in the microstructure. In addition, the induced stress levels just prior to dielectric breakdown are well below the yield strengths of the respective constituents. As such, controlled dielectric breakdown, rather than mechanical damage, should primarily be used to facilitate hotspot formation, ignition, and chemical reaction. The likelihood of local dielectric breakdown within the HE crystals is systematically quantified as a function of applied electric field, microstructural attributes, and constituent behavior. To gauge the effect of the direct piezoelectric effect, one material case is also subjected to mechanical excitation in the form of compression. Under an applied external stress, the results show that the direct piezoelectric effect can lead to local yielding and thereby serve as a hotspot generation mechanism. On the other hand, the induced E-field is weak and unlikely to serve as a practical or efficient means of effecting hotspots within an energetic material. The analysis points out that simultaneous application of electrostatic excitation and mechanical excitation can also be considered.
Magnetic detection of high mechanical stress in iron-based materials using eddy currents and phase shift measurements
Authors: García Alonso M. S. , Hernando A. , Vinolas J. , García M. A.
Published: June 2021

We present a non-invasive method of detecting stress below the elastic limit in magnetic steel elements. The method, based on well-known magnetoelastic effects, relies on mechanical stress-induced permeability modulation. It does not measure absolute values and hence results in suitable in situ measurements in situations where small position or vibration changes can change absolute values.
On the plasmon-assisted detection of a 1585 cm−1 mode in the 532 nm Raman spectra of crystalline α-Fe2O3/polycrystalline NiO core/shell nanofibers
Authors: Santangelo Saveria , Raza Muhammad Hamid , Pinna Nicola , Patanè Salvatore
Published: June 2021

Crystalline hematite/polycrystalline nickel oxide (α-Fe2O3/NiO) core/shell nanofibers are prepared by electrospinning and calcination, followed by a varying number (100–1150) of atomic layer deposition cycles of NiO. The deposition of the conformal NiO layer leads to the passivation of the surface states and the appearance of a photoluminescence band in the micro-Raman spectra excited by 532 nm laser. As a continuous NiO layer is formed, a peak, possibly arising from a two-magnon mode, appears at 1585 cm−1. The detection of the peak, which is not observed in the spectra excited by a 633 nm laser, is assisted by the surface plasmon at around 510 nm introduced by the polycrystalline NiO layer, due to the electron doping induced by coordination-defects at its edge-rich surface.
Effect of flexoelectricity on piezotronic responses of a piezoelectric semiconductor bilayer
Authors: Sun Liang , Zhang Zhicheng , Gao Cunfa , Zhang Chunli
Published: June 2021

Based on three-dimensional equations of piezoelectric semiconductors, we take flexoelectricity into consideration to develop a deformation–polarization–carrier coupling analysis model for the bending of a piezoelectric semiconductor (PS) composite bilayer, which is composed of a piezoelectric semiconductor layer and an elastic layer. Using the derived equations, we investigate the macroscopic responses, such as the distribution of electromechanical field and carrier concentration, of the PS composite bilayer with bending deformation. The induced polarization in the PS composite bilayer exhibits an apparent size-dependent property due to the flexoelectric coupling effect, and thus has a remarkable influence on the piezotronic effect in the PS composite bilayer with nano-thickness. The obtained results are useful for designing novel piezoelectric semiconductor devices.
Light-induced reorganization of charge density wave stacking in 1T-TaS2
Authors: Li Weijian , Naik Gururaj V.
Published: June 2021

Light is a powerful tool in sculpting the energy landscape of strong correlations. For example, low-intensity incoherent light is sufficient to change the way charge density wave (CDW) domains stack across layers of 1T-TaS2. The change in stacking type manifests in a large change in optical properties of 1T-TaS2 at room temperature. Much remains unknown about the mechanism of this light-induced stacking reorganization. Here, we study the temperature dependent optical tunability of 1T-TaS2 to probe the mechanism of the light-induced CDW stacking reorganization. We find that the optical tunability exhibits a peak at 250 K because of two opposing features. At lower temperatures, the domains grow bigger, and hence, the optical tunability is higher. However, the stacking reorganization becomes energetically less favorable at lower temperatures. The dynamics of tunability suggest that the mechanism of switching between the two stacking types could be explained by the classical nucleation theory. These findings shed light on the mechanism of the light-induced CDW stacking reorganization in 1T-TaS2 and such other layered CDW materials.
Toward low gas consumption of muographic tracking detectors in field applications
Authors: Nyitrai G. , Hamar G. , Varga D.
Published: June 2021

Gaseous detectors are widely used in high energy physics and are an attractive choice in tracking systems for cosmic muon imaging, also called muography. Such detectors offer high resolution and high efficiency at a reasonable cost for large sizes; however, one of the drawbacks is that the gaseous detection medium must be prevented from contamination by outside air or internal outgassing. Standard systems work with a constant gas flow, leading to regular maintenance in the form of gas cylinder changes, which can be an issue for remote field applications. In this paper, we discuss the practical possibilities to reduce the gas consumption of an outdoor gaseous tracker, where particularly the gas density change from daily temperature cycling limits the input flow. Such a “breathing” effect can be circumvented by a well designed buffer volume, which must prevent external air contamination. A realistic multi-wire proportional chamber tracking test system with 0.9 m2 area and a total volume of 160 l has been operated for 36 days with a flow of 3 l/day, confirming the buffer volume; in this case, a 50 m long and 10 l volume low diffusion tube ensures the sufficient gas quality. The key effects governing the gas flow dynamics, including diffusion and gas volume change, have been studied quantitatively, leading to practical design prescriptions.
Dynamic shearing resistance of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)
Authors: Malhotra Pinkesh , Jiao Tong , Henann David L. , Clifton Rodney J. , Guduru Pradeep R.
Published: June 2021

Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is a widely used polymeric binder in polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs) and solid rocket propellants. Even though used in small fractions, the elastomeric binder absorbs much of the impact energy and therefore requires careful modeling of its mechanical behavior to accurately simulate the response of PBXs when they are subjected to large strains and strain rates. While the normal response of HTPB has been characterized under uniaxial stress and uniaxial strain loading, shear strength measurements under large pressures and large shear strain rates have not been made so far. Such measurements are critical for modeling localization and failure in PBXs and accurate prediction hotspot formation. In this study, pressure-shear plate impact (PSPI) experiments have been used to measure the shearing resistance of HTPB at different pressures. The shearing resistance of HTPB is found to be strongly pressure dependent. A quasi-linear viscoelastic model with pressure-dependent shear wave speeds and shearing resistance is used to describe the experimentally observed dynamic response of HTPB. The model consists of an instantaneous elastic response and viscoelastic relaxation of the elastic response.
Highly dose dependent damping-like spin–orbit torque efficiency in O-implanted Pt
Authors: Shashank Utkarsh , Medwal Rohit , Nakamura Yoji , Mohan John Rex , Nongjai Razia , Kandasami Asokan , Rawat Rajdeep Singh , Asada Hironori , Gupta Surbhi , Fukuma Yasuhiro
Published: June 2021

Damping-like torque (DLT) arising from the spin Hall effect (SHE) in heavy metals and their alloys has been widely explored for applications in spin–orbit torque MRAM, auto-oscillations, spin waves, and domain wall motion. In conventional materials, the DLT efficiency is limited by intrinsic properties, while attaining strong spin–orbit coupling and higher spin-charge interconversion, with no compromise to electric properties, is the need of the hour. In this Letter, we report more than 3.5 times increase in DLT efficiency, θDL, of modified Pt-oxide by employing a better approach of low energy 20 keV O+ ion implantation. The highest fluence of O+ implantation (1 × 1017 ions cm−2) in Pt enhanced the DLT efficiency from 0.064 to 0.230 and improved the spin transmission for a smaller trade-off in the longitudinal resistivity (ρPt to ρPt−Oxide) from 55.4 to 159.5 μΩ cm, respectively. The transverse spin Hall resistivity, ρSH, is found to be proportional to the square of the longitudinal resistivity, i.e., ρSHimp∝ρimp2, implying that the enhanced SHE in O-implanted Pt is due to a side-jumping mechanism. Further, no break in the twofold as well as mirror symmetry of torques from the O-implanted Pt allows the use of spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance-based line shape analysis to quantify such torques.
Air-stable and low threshold amplified spontaneous emission via CsBr aqueous solution processed all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite films
Authors: Liu Ruqing , Chen Wei , Liu Li , Lu Yannan , Li Weili , Fu Tiliang , Liu Xiang , Hang Xiao-Chun , Sun Zhengyi
Published: June 2021

Inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, and I) has attracted increasing attention in the field of laser application due to its excellent stability compared to the organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite since affording the radiation of a long pulse pump source requires high thermal stability of the material. However, it is difficult to observe the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of CsPbBr3 using a one-step solution method due to the low solubility of CsBr in the organic solvent. Herein, we fabricate a CsPbBr3 film with a two-step solution method and realize the ASE under the long pulse pumping. Meanwhile, a CsBr aqueous solution is used as an effective additive to increase the concentration of Cs+ in the precursor solution and then to improve the optical amplification properties of the CsPbBr3 films. The films exhibit better crystalline and enhanced photoluminescence intensity. Both the ASE threshold and gain have been significantly improved. Furthermore, the optimized film shows a satisfying stability of ASE after being placed in the air for more than two months.
Informing the space between zero and one: a standardised, scat-based approach to monitoring changes in habitat use by brush-tailed rock-wallabies (
Authors: Phillips Stephen , Howard Katherine , Krause Jade
Published: June 2021

Rock-wallabies occupy outcrops, escarpments and cliffs that incorporate structurally complex refuges; because of this, local populations present methodological challenges for monitoring purposes. We describe the development and adaptive modification of a survey technique intended to measure changes in rock-wallaby activity on a site-by-site basis. Twenty spatially independent field sites were collectively sampled across two geological strata using transects consisting of regularly spaced sampling points, with concentric series of fixed-radius circular plots at each sampling point used to count numbers of fresh/recent and/or older rock-wallaby scats. The presence/absence of fresh and/or recently deposited scats was identified as likely to be the more sensitive measure of changing use. Indexes of Activity (IoA) at each field site were subsequently obtained by transect-based sampling at 10 m intervals using 2 m fixed-radius circular plots and recording the presence/absence of fresh/recent scats therein. Derived rock-wallaby IoA ranged between 0.13 and 0.94 across the 20 sites and were approximately normally distributed. Central tendency measures associated with the IoA metrics imply some potential to develop management-themed activity thresholds. Further refinement and potential applications of the approach are discussed.
Is routine preoperative computed tomography imaging justified in otosclerosis? A retrospective single-centre analysis
Authors: Bassiouni Mohamed , Bauknecht Hans-Christian , Stölzel Katharina , Dommerich Steffen , Olze Heidi
Published: June 2021

Objectives

The improvement in the quality of CT imaging in recent years has led to increasing use in the preoperative workup before primary stapedotomy. The aim of this study is to determine whether routine CT scanning is justified by analysing whether the detectability of otoclerotic foci in the CT imaging is associated with a different clinical picture or surgical outcome.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of patient charts, CT data sets, preoperative and postoperative audiograms of 41 patients who underwent 47 primary stapedotomies. The preoperative and short-term postoperative audiometric thresholds were analysed at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz.

Results

In 36 of 47 ears (76.5%), fenestral otosclerosis was observed in the CT scans. Among those 36 ‘CT-positive’ ears, five ears (13.8%) showed additional signs of retrofenestral (cochlear) otosclerosis. The preoperative audiogram results showed no significant differences in the air conduction threshold, bone conduction threshold or air-bone gap between the CT-positive and CT-negative groups. The overall average preoperative air-bone gap (26.4 dB ± 8.3 dB) improved to 12 dB (±7.6 dB) postoperatively, without a significant difference between the CT-positive and CT-negative groups.

Conclusion

The detectability of otosclerotic foci on CT scans did not correlate with the preoperative audiogram or the ability to close the air-bone gap postoperatively. The CT scans did not reveal new information that influenced the decision to operate or which side to operate. The findings do not support routine preoperative CT scanning in suspected otosclerosis cases. CT imaging may complement audiological tests in atypical cases. Even in straightforward cases, preoperative CT scanning may be offered to patients in order to guide the preoperative counselling. However, the patients should be made aware of the associated radiation risks.
Unraveling the mysteries of the titin–N2A signalosome
Authors: Hessel Anthony L. , Linke Wolfgang A.
Published: June 2021

The sarcomeric titin springs and accessory proteins modulate muscle force and mechanical signaling at the N2A signalosome.
Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey
Authors: Bulut U , Sakalli A
Published: June 2021

The growing energy demand besides the rapidly developing consumer sector is of great importance on a global scale. In this study, hydroelectric energy recovery in Turkey, which is affected by the negative consequences of climate change, were taken into account. Increased irregular rainfall patterns and drought events as a consequence of global climate change pose a significant danger to hydroelectric power potential. Kızılırmak River has an important position on account of hydroelectric energy. In this study, the yearly flow rates of 2 stations determined by months in the Kızılırmak basin were supplied from the State Water Works (DSI) current and observation annuals. Analysis was conducted for two stations between 2005 and 2015. In addition, using ERA5 Ensemble satellite data, the group was analyzed using “ climate data operators” (CDO), a map of Turkey’s total annual average rainfall and annual average temperature with a resolution of 12.5 km x 12.5 km between 1979 and 2019. According to our analysis, Turkey’s average annual precipitation between 1979-2019 was 527.61 mm, and the highest annual average temperature in the 30-year data set between 1979-2019 was 15.31°C in 2010 and 2018. The average temperature in 2019 is 14.96°C.
Effect of secondary carbides on the core-rim structure evolution of TiC-based cermets
Authors: Chen Min , Zhang Xuefeng , Xiao Xuan , Zhao Haiquan
Published: June 2021

Herein, the effect of adding VC with different contents and Mo2C, WC and TaC on the core-rim structure evolution of TiC-based cermets was investigated using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Results show that the added secondary carbides exhibiting the same crystal stucture as TiC are prone to solid dissolution in TiC grains and change the core-rim stuctures of TiC-based cermets. With the addition of only VC, (Ti,V)C is the main component in the black core-grey rim structure and increasing the VC content is beneficial for promoting the dissolution process of cores. With the addition of multiple carbides, the core-rim structure in cermet Ta-7 is effectively improved, showing a high percentage of white core-grey rim structures, and the mechanical properties are improved.
Gradings of Lie algebras, magical spin geometries and matrix factorizations
Authors: Abuaf Roland , Manivel Laurent
Published: June 2021

We describe a remarkable rank

14
14

matrix factorization of the octic

S
p
i
n

14

\mathrm {Spin}_{14}

-invariant polynomial on either of its half-spin representations. We observe that this representation can be, in a suitable sense, identified with a tensor product of two octonion algebras. Moreover the matrix factorisation can be deduced from a particular

Z

\mathbb {Z}

-grading of

e

8

\mathfrak {e}_8

. Intriguingly, the whole story can in fact be extended to the whole Freudenthal-Tits magic square and yields matrix factorizations on other spin representations, as well as for the degree seven invariant on the space of three-forms in several variables. As an application of our results on

S
p
i
n

14

\mathrm {Spin}_{14}

, we construct a special rank seven vector bundle on a double-octic threefold, that we conjecture to be spherical.
On isometry groups of pseudo-Riemannian compact Lie groups
Authors: Zhu Fuhai , Chen Zhiqi , Liang Ke
Published: June 2021

Let

G
G

be a connected, simply-connected, compact simple Lie group. In this paper, we show that the isometry group of

G
G

with a left-invariant pseudo-Riemannan metric is compact. Furthermore, the identity component of the isometry group is compact if

G
G

is not simply-connected.
The Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker on the Outcome of Hospitalization of Patients With Hypertension and COVID-19
Authors: Zhuang Xi-jing , Wang Wen-jun , Zhao Xiao-hui , Wei Wei , Fan Wei-wang , Gao Kai , He Sheng-xiu , Lin Hai-long
Published: June 2021

Background

To study the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) on the outcome of hospitalization in patients with hypertension and novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed in 202 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Thunder-God Hospital, Wuhan from 12 February 2020 to 30 March 2020. According to whether taking ACEI or ARB, 67 (33.0%) patients with hypertension were divided into 3 groups: A, patients received ACEI or ARB after admission (n = 22); B, patients received ACEI or ARB before admission but interrupted after admission (n = 24); and C, patients were not treated with ACEI or ARB before or after admission (n = 21). Changes of therapeutic indicators in all groups of patients and their application relationship with ACEI/ARB were compared and analyzed.

Results

There were no significant differences in age, gender, blood pressure, underlying disease severity, or serum biochemical indicators (ALT, LDH, creatinine, and creatine kinase levels) at admission among 3 groups (all P > 0.05). During hospitalization, there were no significant differences in COVID-19-related treatment, oxygen use, hospital mortality, recovery and discharge rate, or days of throat swab nucleic acid turning negative among 3 groups (all P > 0.05). The proportion of calcium channel blocker in groups B and C was higher than group A (95.8% and 85.7% vs. 40.9%, P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in blood pressure or compliance rates at discharge (P > 0.05). Group A, B, and C patients were hospitalized for 27.4 ± 6.4, 30.0 ± 8.8, and 30.1 ± 9.3 days, respectively (all P > 0.05). Compared with admission values, there were no significant differences in serum ALT, LDH, creatinine, or creatine kinase levels among all 3 groups during hospitalization (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions

ACEI or ARB has no significant effect on the outcome of hospitalization in patients with hypertension and COVID-19.
XII—A New Method for Value Aggregation
Authors: Easwaran Kenny
Published: June 2021

Many axiological theories ground the goodness or badness of options in the aggregate of the goodness or the badness of these options for individuals. Most commonly, this works by summing (or averaging), and taking the expectation of this result if there is uncertainty. Such theories face problems dealing with infinite populations, for which sums or averages are infinite or undefined. They fetishize certain mathematical operations, in a subject that is not inherently mathematical. The fact that the sum is the target of maximization is said to mean that the theory ignores the separateness of persons. I propose an extension of my 2014 paper, ‘Decision Theory without Representation Theorems’. I illustrate how the resulting theory can account for a case involving an infinite population, dealing with the objections. I connect this to the theory of measurement, and explain why the mathematical operations are co-extensive with the result without grounding it. Because there is no sum in these infinite populations, it avoids the worry that aggregative theories treat individuals as secondary to some aggregate.
Functional Connectivity in Infancy and Toddlerhood Predicts Long-Term Language and Preliteracy Outcomes
Authors: Yu Xi , Ferradal Silvina L , Sliva Danielle D , Dunstan Jade , Carruthers Clarisa , Sanfilippo Joseph , Zuk Jennifer , Zöllei Lilla , Boyd Emma , Gagoski Borjan , Ou Yangming , Grant P Ellen , Gaab Nadine
Published: June 2021

Functional connectivity (FC) techniques can delineate brain organization as early as infancy, enabling the characterization of early brain characteristics associated with subsequent behavioral outcomes. Previous studies have identified specific functional networks in infant brains that underlie cognitive abilities and pathophysiology subsequently observed in toddlers and preschoolers. However, it is unknown whether and how functional networks emerging within the first 18 months of life contribute to the development of higher order, complex functions of language/literacy at school-age. This 5-year longitudinal imaging project starting in infancy, utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and demonstrated prospective associations between FC in infants/toddlers and subsequent language and foundational literacy skills at 6.5 years old. These longitudinal associations were shown independently of key environmental influences and further present in a subsample of infant imaging data (≤12 months), suggesting early emerged functional networks specifically linked to high-order language and preliteracy skills. Moreover, emergent language skills in infancy and toddlerhood contributed to the prospective associations, implicating a role of early linguistic experiences in shaping the FC correlates of long-term oral language skills. The current results highlight the importance of functional organization established in infancy and toddlerhood as a neural scaffold underlying the learning process of complex cognitive functions.
Lateralized Decrease of Parvalbumin+ Cells in the Somatosensory Cortex of ASD Models Is Correlated with Unilateral Tactile Hypersensitivity
Authors: Deemyad Tara , Puig Stephanie , Papale Andrew E , Qi Hang , LaRocca Gregory M , Aravind Deepthi , LaNoce Emma , Urban Nathaniel N
Published: June 2021

Inhibitory control of excitatory networks contributes to cortical functions. Increasing evidence indicates that parvalbumin (PV+)-expressing basket cells (BCs) are a major player in maintaining the balance between excitation (E) and inhibition (I). Disruption of E/I balance in cortical networks is believed to be a hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we report a lateralized decrease in the number of PV+ BCs in L2/3 of the somatosensory cortex in the dominant hemisphere of Shank3−/− and Cntnap2−/− mouse models of ASD. The dominant hemisphere was identified during a reaching task to establish each animal’s dominant forepaw. Double labeling with anti-PV antibody and a biotinylated lectin (Vicia villosa lectin [VVA]) showed that the number of BCs was not different but rather, some BCs did not express PV (PV−), resulting in an elevated number of PV− VVA+ BCs. Finally, we showed that dominant hindpaws had higher mechanical sensitivity when compared with the other hindpaws. This mechanical hypersensitivity in the dominant paw strongly correlated with the decrease in the number of PV+ interneurons and reduced PV expression in the corresponding cortex. Together, these results suggest that the hypersensitivity in ASD patients could be due to decreased inhibitory inputs to the dominant somatosensory cortex.