bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of Preserving Parathyroids in Surgery for Hemiagenesis of Thyroid: Analysis with Review of Literature
Authors: Naik Sudhir , Halkud Rajshekar , Deekshith RM , Sathya P , Chavan Purshottam , Appaji Mohan , Bhat S Ravishankar
Published: July 2019

Background/objectives

As congenital anomalies of the thyroid are rare and the pathology associated with it warranting total thyroidectomies is still rare, so the inadvertent parathyroidectomies are rarely reported. Unilateral or bilateral hypoplasia or agenesis of one or both thyroid lobes, with or without isthmic agenesis, is a rare developmental anomaly. Meticulous subcapsular dissection with preserving the vascular twigs to the parathyroid is very important in avoiding complications.

Materials and methods

We report two cases of thyroid hemiagenesis in our medical college institution over a period of 10 years. Both were females in the 6th decade with swelling in the neck. One had a right-sided swelling and the second had a left-sided swelling, both measuring about 5 ⨯ 5 cm.

Conclusion

So the total thyroidectomy surgery in hemiagenesis cases poses a risk to the parathyroids as the altered anatomy. So the time-tested technique of subcapsular dissection and meticulous preservation of the multiple vasculature of the parathyroids in the fascial compartment provides better results with least morbidity.

How to cite this article

Naik SM, Halkud R, Chavan P, Appaji M, Sathya P, Bhat SR, Deekshith RM. Importance of Preserving Parathyroids in Surgery for Hemiagenesis of Thyroid: Analysis with Review of Literature. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(4):146-148.
Management of Early Laryngeal Cancer: The Role of Individualized Medicine
Authors: Har-El Gady
Published: July 2019

Treatment options for early laryngeal cancer include radiation therapy or surgical resection. It is widely agreed upon that early laryngeal cancer should be managed with only one treatment modality. The debate on which treatment modality is best for early laryngeal cancer has essentially been going on for the last 65 years. Many new developments have impacted the treatment decision making process. These developments include the introduction of transoral endoscopic partial laryngeal surgery, such as transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) which is replacing external partial laryngectomy procedures; improvements in external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) delivery techniques and technology which result in enhanced accuracy and decreased extralaryngeal side effects and complications; and the introduction of quality of life measures and understanding their importance, in addition to survival rate, in defining successful outcome or failure. This review article concentrates on some of the important issues facing the patient, his/her family, and the treating physicians in the treatment decision making process.

How to cite this article

Har-El G. Management of Early Laryngeal Cancer: The Role of Individualized Medicine. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(1):23-28.
A Practical Approach for Learning Rhinoplasty Surgery
Authors: Kaplowitz Lee J , Joseph Eric M
Published: July 2019

Rhinoplasty surgery is a procedure well suited for otolaryngology residents to incorporate in their training and subsequent practices of medicine. We detail a practical approach for learning rhinoplasty which may commence during residency. The resident learns to conduct a proper consultation, preoperative evaluation, surgical procedure, and follow-up care for the prospective rhinoplasty patient. The history of rhinoplasty, and modern rhinoplasty techniques is discussed, and suggestions are made for residents to successfully incorporate learning rhinoplasty surgery during their otolaryngology training.

How to cite this article

Kaplowitz LJ, Joseph EM. A Practical Approach for Learning Rhinoplasty Surgery. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(1):33-46.
Facial Plastic Surgery in Pediatric Otolaryngology: Role and Outcomes
Authors: Vincent Richard , Ambro Bryan T , Pereira Kevin D
Published: July 2019

Importance

Otolaryngologists tend to manage most surgical pathology independently as supported by their training. However, superior aesthetic outcomes and caregiver satisfaction can be achieved by routinely involving facial plastics colleagues for reconstruction after resection of pediatric head and neck masses.

Objective

To highlight the cosmetic outcomes achieved after reconstruction by facial plastics surgeons in pediatric patients who have undergone resection of a head and neck lesion

Design

Retrospective case series of 13 pediatric head and neck lesions managed at a tertiary care children's hospital over a 12 year period

Setting

tertiary care children's hospital

Participants:

Pediatric patient undergoing resection of a mass in the head or neck including naso-frontal dermoids, neck lesions, miface lesions, parotid lesions where complex closure was anticipated and a facial plastics surgeon was used for reconstruction. 13 pediatric patients were selected in all. The patients were chosen on a case by case basis and there were no patients that refused intervention. There was no comparisson group and no one that withdrew. A referred sample was used as only these patients pre-selected based on their projected reconstructive needs were selected.

Intervention(s)

The primary intervention was an aesthetically acceptable reconstruction. In order to review the intervention that was performed the information obtained included clinical presentation, radiologic findings, surgical technique used for excision and reconstruction, pre and post-operative photography, pathology and cosmetic outcomes.

How to cite this article

Vincent R, Ambro BT, Pereira KD. Facial Plastic Surgery in Pediatric Otolaryngology: Role and Outcomes. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):72-76.
Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Surgical Techniques beyond Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy
Authors: Isaiah Amal , Mitchell Ron B
Published: July 2019

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) affects 1 in 10 children in the United States and poses a growing threat to childhood health. Although tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy is considered the standard of care for treatment of pediatric SDB, up to 25% of children present with persistent symptoms after surgery. Success of treatment modalities, such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is affected by compliance. Management of residual SDB is a complex, and often controversial topic. Here we discuss options for managing childhood SDB that persists after initial management with tonsillectomy.

How to cite this article

Isaiah A, Mitchell RB. Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Surgical Techniques beyond Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):109-114.
Ludwig's Angina: Report of 40 Cases and Review of Current Concepts in Emergency Management in a Rural Tertiary Facility Teaching Hospital
Authors: Kumar S , Ambikavathy M
Published: July 2019

Objective

To review the current protocols and assess their efficacy in the emergency management of cases presenting with Ludwig's angina.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with Ludwig's angina, admitted and treated in our institution between November 2007 and December 2012.

Results

There were 40 cases with 24 males (60%) and 16 females (40%), ages ranged between 16 and 80 years. Duration of symptoms was between 3 days and 2 weeks. The most common cause was dental infections seen in 23 cases (57.5%), one of them was a pregnant lady. Six were due to habitual tooth pricking with a broom stick (15%). In 3 patients it was due to submandibular duct stenosis secondary to calculi (7.5%). Five patients had diabetes as underlying disease (12.5%). Facial trauma contributed in 2 patients (5%) and in 1 patient it was due to carcinoma buccal mucosa (2.5%). All the patients were treated with systemic broad spectrum antibiotics, intravenous fluids, and analgesics. Twenty patients (50%) underwent tracheostomy with surgical decompression through small incisions under local/ general anesthesia. Ten patients (25%) were subjected to incision and drainage with subsequent removal of the diseased teeth. Ten patients (25%) were managed conservatively with antibiotics, analgesics, and under close supervision for airway compromise. There were no complications recorded and no mortality.

Conclusion

Ludwig's angina is a life-threatening surgical emergency. Early diagnosis and immediate surgical intervention can save lives. The appropriate use of parenteral antibiotics complemented with airway protection and surgical decompression remains the standard treatment protocol in advanced cases of Ludwig's angina.

How to cite this article

Ambikavathy M, Kumar S. Ludwig's Angina: Report of 40 Cases and Review of Current Concepts in Emergency Management in a Rural Tertiary Facility Teaching Hospital. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(1):11-14.
Lateral Laparoscopic Approach to Pancreatic Tail Insulinomas
Authors: Abraham Deepak , Thomas Jinu Kurian , Joseph Philip , Paul MJ
Published: July 2019

Pancreatic endocrine tumors are relatively rare lesions and laparoscopic surgery is being increasingly used, especially for insulinomas because of their relatively small size and low incidence of malignancy. Laparoscopic approach to pancreatic tumors has been described in the supine position, transomentally via the lesser sac with anterior stomach retraction. We propose a simplified lateral laparoscopic approach to insulinomas localized preoperatively to the tail or distal body of pancreas. Four patients with pancreatic tail insulinomas underwent laparoscopic surgery between November 2006 and February 2008. Diagnosis was confirmed by fasting sugar, insulin and proinsulin assays. Lesions were localized by multiphasic CT scan/MRI scan and endoscopic ultrasound. All these cases had definitely identifiable enhancing lesions in the distal body/tail in relation to the splenic hilum that appeared accessible by a lateral approach. Except for the first case which was done through the traditional supine approach, the other cases were done by the lateral approach. The patients were positioned right lateral with a kidney bridge. Four subcostal ports were placed and the left colon and spleen with pancreatic tail were mobilised in the same fashion as for splenectomy or adrenalectomy. Tumors were easily identifiable corresponding to the imaging studies. Laparoscopic enucleation was successfully completed in all four patients with lesions in the tail of pancreas, one by the traditional approach and other three by the proposed lateral approach. One patient had associated splenectomy because of the proximity of the lesion to the splenic vessels. Two patients had minor pancreatic leak managed conservatively. The left lateral transperitoneal laparoscopic approach to insulinomas located in the tail of pancreas is feasible and safe. The procedure can be done with ease by surgeons who are familiar with adrenalectomy and splenectomy.

How to cite this article

Thomas JK, Abraham D, Joseph P, Paul MJ. Lateral Laparoscopic Approach to Pancreatic Tail Insulinomas. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):3-7.
Cutaneous Lichen Amyloidosis Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A: An Early Clinical Marker
Authors: Singh Dependra Narayan
Published: July 2019

How to cite this article

Singh DN, Gupta S, Agarwal A. Cutaneous Lichen Amyloidosis Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A: An Early Clinical Marker. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):41.
Isolated Congenital Anosmia
Authors: Zainuddin Nazli , Razali Farid
Published: July 2019

Congenital anosmia is commonly described in conjunction with various developmental abnormalities and has been reported to be familial. Congenital anosmia as an isolated defect in a single-family member is extremely rare. We described a case of a 5-year-old child with isolated congenital anosmia.

How to cite this article

Zainuddin N, Razali F. Isolated Congenital Anosmia. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):82-83.
Distributive Analysis of Head and Neck Swellings with Their Cytopathological Correlation
Authors: Singh VP , Bhardwaj Aparna , Pandey Apoorva K
Published: July 2019

Aim

Palpable masses in the head and neck region can arise from various structures, such as lymph node, thyroid gland, major and minor salivary glands, soft tissues, blood vessels, and neural structures. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple, quick, inexpensive first-line method to evaluate such swellings and thus confirm the diagnosis. This study correlates aspiration cytology as an indispensable tool in diagnosing various head and neck swellings and their prevalence with respect to age, sex, site of origin, and nature of those masses.

Materials and methods

This study was done from January 2007 to December 2013 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Department of Pathology. All the patients presenting with various head and neck swellings underwent FNAC, and the results were correlated with anatomical sites and frequency of occurrence and categorized into various clinicopathological groups.

Results

This study included 1,272 cases who were evaluated by FNAC for head and neck swellings. In this study, 32 patients presented with frank abscesses, 36 cases with submandibular region swellings, seven cases with submental swellings, 70 cases with various swellings in the neck and postauricular area, 47 cases with various facial and scalp swellings, two cases from oral cavity, 74 cases with parotid masses, 680 cases with lymphadenopathy, and 324 cases with thyroid lesions.

Conclusion

Fine needle aspiration cytology is a useful, reliable, cost-effective, and valuable diagnostic tool for the initial evaluation and diagnostic categorization of all superficial and deep-seated lesions in the head and neck region as it is a fairly sensitive and specific procedure in addition to being simple, rapid, accurate, and without any significant complications and above all without affecting the underlying tissue morphology altogether

How to cite this article

Pandey AK, Bhardwaj A, Maithani T, Kishore S, Singh VP. Distributive Analysis of Head and Neck Swellings with Their Cytopathological Correlation. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):89-96.
Imaging of the Lingual Thyroid: A Case Report and Management
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Bhargava Abhishek , Jaiswal Gagan
Published: July 2019

Lingual thyroid is a rare developmental abnormality characterized by the failure of the thyroid gland, or remnants, to descend from anywhere along its embryologic path of origin at the foramen cecum to its normal eutopic pretracheal position. Awareness of the anatomic course of the embryologic thyroid primordium, typical and atypical locations of ectopic thyroid tissue may aid in diagnosis. The reported incidence of lingual thyroid is 1 in 100,000, and it is more common in females, with a female to male ratio ranging between 3:1 and 7:1. Lingual thyroid located at the base of tongue often present with hypothyroidism, usually asymptomatic but may cause dysphonia, dysphagia, upper airway obstruction, and hemorrhage. In the current case report, we present the imaging characteristics of lingual thyroid occurring in a 12-year-old female patient. Partial endoscopic removal of lingual thyroid was performed, followed by substitutive exogenous thyroid hormone therapy. The purpose of this study is to discuss the radiological characteristics and therapeutic issues in the management of lingual thyroid.

How to cite this article

Kumar R, Bhargava A, Jaiswal G. Imaging of the Lingual Thyroid: A Case Report and Management. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):122-124.
Anesthetic Considerations in Microlaryngoscopy and Direct Laryngoscopy
Authors: Hemantkumar Indrani , Nirgude Anand
Published: July 2019

Patients for microlaryngoscopy (ML Scopy) and direct laryngoscopy (DL Scopy) may present to the anesthesiologist from all ages, including pediatric, adult, and geriatric age groups. Proper preoperative evaluation, adequate intraoperative care, monitoring, and postoperative monitoring will provide successful outcome in these patients. These procedures are daycare procedures. The aim of anesthesiologist while dealing with such patients is maintaining adequate depth of anesthesia, maintaining adequate ventilation to the patients while giving enough time to the surgeon to diagnose and evaluate the definitive cause of airway disease. Anesthesiologists need to share the airway or maintain the ventilation in such a way as to give the surgeon proper and good visualization of the patient's airway. Use of shortacting and potent anesthetic agents will provide adequate intraoperative depth of anesthesia and speed up awakening and hence the postoperative recovery of the patient.

How to cite this article

Nirgude A, Hemantkumar I. Anesthetic Considerations in Microlaryngoscopy and Direct Laryngoscopy. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2017;9(1):10-14.
Unilateral Congenital Choanal Atresia in a 48-Year-Old Patient
Authors: Ferraria Lília , Alves Sílvia , Rosa Helena , Santos Mário , Antunes Luis
Published: July 2019

Aim

To report a case of unilateral choanal atresia diagnosed in a 48-year-old, presenting with fatigue as the major symptom. To highlight the importance of a detailed clinical history and physical examination for an accurate diagnosis.

Background

Choanal atresia is an uncommon and often poorly recognized cause of unilateral or bilateral nasal obstruction. It is a congenital condition that occurs in approximately 1 in 5,000 to 8,000 live births.

Case report

This study reports a case of unilateral choanal atresia diagnosed in a 48-year-old presenting with fatigue as the major symptom. The patient presented with a lifelong history of tiredness investigated in cardiology. She was treated by a combined transseptal and transnasal endoscopic surgical technique. Topic use of mitomycin was performed with no use of stents, with clinical regression of the symptoms.

Conclusion

Unilateral choanal atresia usually presents in younger patients but can be undiagnosed until adulthood due to the nonspecific nature of the symptoms. This diagnosis should be, therefore, considered in all ages and bedside diagnostic procedures should, then, be done. Nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scan are the gold standard for the diagnosis. The use of stents and mitomycin C topically as an adjunct to the surgical repair of choanal atresia is a controversial subject.

How to cite this article

Ferraria L, Alves S, Rosa H, Santos M, Antunes L. Unilateral Congenital Choanal Atresia in a 48-Year-Old Patient. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2017;9(1):28-31.
Predictive Factors for Pregnancy after Intrauterine Insemination: A Retrospective Study of Factors Affecting Outcome
Authors: Patel Azadeh Pravin , Patel Megha Snehal , Shah Sushma Rakesh , Jani Shashwat Kamal
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To determine the predictive factors for pregnancy after stimulated intrauterine insemination (IUI).

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis of 136 patients undergoing 443 stimulated IUI cycles was done in an attempt to identify significant variables predictive of treatment success. The primary outcome measures were clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. Predictive factors evaluated were female age, duration of infertility, indication for IUI, number of preovulatory follicles, and postwash total motile fraction (TMF).

Results

The overall clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were 7.2% and 5.1 per cycle respectively. The mean number of IUI cycles per patient was 3.2, the miscarriage rate was 15%, and the multiple pregnancy rate was 3.1%. Among the predictive factors evaluated, female age (age > 37 years; p = 0.039), the duration of infertility (5.36 vs 6.71 years, p = 0.032), and the TMF (between 10 and 20 million, p = 0.003) significantly influenced the clinical pregnancy rate.

Conclusion

The clinical management of the selected infertile couple should be performed in an expedited manner taking into consideration the age of the woman, etiology, and duration of infertility and motile fraction of sperms.

How to cite this article

Patel AP, Patel MS, Shah SR, Jani SK. Predictive Factors for Pregnancy after Intrauterine Insemination: A Retrospective Study of Factors Affecting Outcome. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):140-144.
Analysis of Cesarean Section Rate using Robson's Ten Group Classification System and comparing the Trend at a Tertiary Hospital for 2 Years
Authors: Prameela RC , Shilpa Gatta , Farha Asma , Prajwal S
Published: July 2019

Aims and objectives

To classify the cesarean section (CS) in different groups of Robson's ten-group classification system (TGCS) and comparing the rate and relative size of groups with that of previous year at the tertiary hospital.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study was conducted in Cheluvamba Hospital, which is a tertiary hospital attached to Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, Mysuru, between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014. The data collected was compared with the previous year data between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2013. The data collected included parity, mode of previous delivery, gestational age, onset of labor-spontaneous or induced, delivery notes of labor ward, and operative notes of CS. This data was then applied to the Robson's TGCS for the year 2014 and compared with that of 2013.

Results

The total deliveries during 2014 were 12,930 and in 2013 were 15,182. The number of CSs during 2014 was 3,793 and in 2013 it was 3,917. Cesarean section rate in 2014 was 29.33% while in 2013 it was 25.8%.

The CS rate has come down to half in group I (nulliparous, single, cephalic. 37 weeks, in spontaneous labor) and to onefourth in group III [multiparous (excluding previous CS) single, cephalic. 37 weeks, in spontaneous labor] in 2014.

Conclusion

Robson's TGCS is easy to classify.

Clinical significance

The study showed reduction in CS rate by half in group I and by one-third in group III in 2014 in our institution. This was probably due to the increased awareness among the staff of the institute by the previous year study about higher CS rate.

How to cite this article

Prameela RC, Shilpa G, Farha A, Prajwal S. Analysis of Cesarean Section Rate using Robson's Ten Group Classification System and comparing the Trend at a Tertiary Hospital for 2 Years. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):175-180.
Comparative Study of Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Labetalol and Intravenous Hydralazine in managing Hypertensive Emergencies in Pregnancy
Authors: Agarwal Mohita , Singh Richa , Anand Sneha , Yadav Neeraj Kumar
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of intravenous labetalol and intravenous hydralazine in managing hypertensive emergency in pregnancy.

Study design

An open, randomized comparison of intravenous labetatol vs intravenous hydralazine was conducted in 100 pregnant women presenting with hypertensive emergency during pregnancy.

Materials and methods: Inclusion criteria

Women with severe hypertension in pregnancy at 34 weeks of gestation or more, i.e., systolic BP ≥160 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥ 110 mm Hg with or without proteinuria either in labor or not in labor.

Results

The antihypertensive efficacy of both the drugs was found to be comparable. The primary outcome in terms of BP control was achieved in both the groups. There were four treatment failures in labetalol group and none in hydralazine group. No significant difference was observed in maternal and fetal outcomes. Palpitation and tachycardia occurred significantly more often in patients treated with hydralazine. Bradycardia was significantly more frequent in labetalol group. The neonatal outcomes were similar per group.

Conclusion

The randomized clinical trial showed that labetalol and hydralazine fulfil the criteria required for an antihypertensive drug to treat severe hypertension in pregnancy. Hydralazine has its side effects like palpitation, headache, oliguria, dizziness, muscle cramps, and nasal congestion, which mimic symptoms of deteriorating pre-eclampsia. Labetalol has a better side effect profile, but specific concerns have been raised about the risk of neonatal bradycardia.

How to cite this article

Singh R, Singh S, Singh S, Agarwal M, Anand S, Yadav NK. Comparative Study of Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Labetalol and Intravenous Hydralazine in managing Hypertensive Emergencies in Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):185-188.
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor: A Rare but Aggressive Tumor in Young Women
Authors: Harish K , Nandini G , Padma K , Swamy ACV , Subramanian Murali
Published: July 2019

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare malignant neoplasm. It is primarily found in young men, with a reported male to female ratio of 4:1. The tumor typically develops in the abdominal cavity, invading the omentum with multiple peritoneal implants involving the diaphragm, splenic hilum, mesentery of the small and large bowel, and the pelvic peritoneum. Most of them have widespread disease at presentation, with an organ of origin difficult to ascertain. We report a case of desmoplastic round cell tumor in a 17-year-old teenage girl. Immunohistochemistry helped in the diagnosis. She received multimodality treatment.

How to cite this article

Nandini G, Harish K, Swamy ACV, Subramanian M, Padma K. Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor: A Rare but Aggressive Tumor in Young Women. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):239-242.
Tension-free Vaginal Tape vs Tension-free Obturator Tape for Treatment of Genuine Stress Urinary Incontinence: A 5-year Follow-up
Authors: Bhadana Priyanka
Published: July 2019

Objective

To compare the effectiveness of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and tension-free obturator tape (TOT) in treatment of genuine stress urinary incontinence and study the related complications.

Materials and methods

About 150 cases with complaints of stress urinary incontinence were taken during 5-year period, and they were confirmed urodynamically. Exclusion criteria included patients with diabetes mellitus, neurological disorders, other forms of incontinence, uterovaginal prolapse, urinary tract infection, and pregnancy. Out of 150 cases, 70 underwent TVT procedure and 80 were taken up for TOT. The outcome was studied at the end of 5 years.

Results

The cure rate in the TOT group was 94%, which was slightly higher than the TVT group, which came out to be 90%. The failure rate in the TVT group was 1.1%, but no failure was encountered in the TOT group. However, the improvement rates were similar in each group. Comparing the complications in each group, the rate of bladder perforation and postoperative retention of urine was much higher in the TVT group. Postoperative voiding difficulties were also noticeably less in TOT group compared with TVT group. However, none of the cases in either group had de novo urgency.

Conclusion

Both the procedures are a safe and effective method of curing stress incontinence; however, owing to slightly higher improvement rates and lower complications rate, TOT should be preferred over TVT.

How to cite this article

Bhadana P, Mittal P, Bachani S. Tension-free Vaginal Tape vs Tension-free Obturator Tape for Treatment of Genuine Stress Urinary Incontinence: A 5-year Follow-up. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):89-93.
Acute Pancreatitis in Pregnancy: Maternal and Fetal Outcomes
Authors: Swarup Asha , Jyothi GS , Bhoosanoor Shruti R
Published: July 2019

Aim and objective

To evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis.

Materials and methods

It is a retrospective observational study. A total of three patients were admitted with acute pancreatitis complicating pregnancy between January 2013 and June 2015 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India, and were followed up until after delivery.

Results

Incidence of acute pancreatitis in our study was 1 in 1,620. Mean age was 24 years, and 33.3% were multiparous. Mean gestational age at onset was 33 weeks. One patient (33.3%) in our study had hypertriglyceridemia (870 mg/dL), and 66.7% of patients were idiopathic. The most common complaint was epigastric pain radiating to back. All patients showed leukocytosis and elevated amylase and lipase levels. Ultrasound showed [1] enlarged pancreas with decreased peripancreatic echogenicity and [2] pelvic and abdominal cavity effusions, in all the patients. All patients were managed conservatively in the intensive care unit. Mean duration of hospital stay was 7 days; 33.3% patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome; 33.3% patients went into preterm spontaneous vaginal delivery. Cesarean section rate was 66.7%. Perinatal mortality was 33.3%.

Conclusion

Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy remains a challenging clinical problem to manage. The initial assessment, severity, and the initial management of the patient are of great importance in order to support the function and to prevent maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity.

Clinical significance

Acute pancreatitis either in its mild or its severe form causes maternal and fetal morbidity. However, these rates are declining due to early diagnosis and greater treatment options. Multidisciplinary approach leads to good maternal and fetal outcomes.

How to cite this article

Jyothi GS, Bhoosanoor SR, Swarup A. Acute Pancreatitis in Pregnancy: Maternal and Fetal Outcomes. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):100-103.
A Rare Case of Ovarian Fibroma in a Teenage Girl
Authors: Singh Vinita
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The ovarian fibroma is a rare benign tumor that accounts for 4% of all ovarian tumors, which grow from the connective tissue of the ovarian cortex. Among the sex cord-stromal tumors, fibromas are the most commonly encountered subtype, accounting for almost two-third of neoplasms in this group. The mean age of presentation is 48 years.

Aims and objectives

We present an unusual case of fibroma of the ovary presenting at 19 years of age with ascites. Diagnosis in our case was also difficult despite all tumor marker tests and clinical imaging being done, and finally it was confirmed by histopathology report.

Discussion

Fibromas and thecomas belong to a spectrum of benign ovarian tumors that are derived from ovarian stroma. Fibromas are the most common sex cord tumors and account for approximately 3 to 4% of all ovarian neoplasms. Ovarian fibromas are benign tumors of the ovary, difficult to diagnose preoperatively and can clinically and biochemically mimic ovarian cysts, tubo-ovarian mass, uterine myoma, or ovarian malignancy.

Conclusion

Fibroma must be distinguished from several nonneoplastic ovarian processes, specifically massive edema, fibromatosis, and stromal hyperplasia. Imaging is helpful to diagnose, but histopathology can only confirm the diagnosis.

How to cite this article

Singh V. A Rare Case of Ovarian Fibroma in a Teenage Girl. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):125-127.
Ectopic Pregnancy following Levonorgestrel Postcoital Contraceptive Pill
Authors: Sehgal Alka , Rani Shikha , Singh Anamika
Published: July 2019

Aim and background

Emergency contraception (EC) is a boon, as it reduces the incidence of unintended pregnancies. Theoretically, failure of EC can lead to ectopic gestation. However, the causal relation between the failure of EC pill and ectopic pregnancy has not yet been established. The above effect is difficult to establish since all such cases may not get reported.

Case Report

We are reporting a case of ectopic pregnancy following levonorgestrel EC pill. This was a multiparous woman who was admitted with compliant of lower abdomen pain and irregular bleeding following use of levonorgestrel EC pill. She was diagnosed as a case of ectopic pregnancy and was operated for the same.

Conclusion

Emergency contraceptive pills should not be used as a regular contraceptive. Doctor should be consulted immediately in case of any menstrual irregularity following its use.

Clinical significance

As only theoretically we can say that EC pill leads to ectopic pregnancy so the word differential diagnosis is written in abstract. Exact explanation was given in the text.

How to cite this article

Rani S, Sehgal A, Singh A. Ectopic Pregnancy following Levonorgestrel Postcoital Contraceptive Pill. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):131-132.
Effect of Bioconditioning on Surface Characteristics of Periodontally-affected Roots of Diabetic Patients
Authors: Eid Hossam A , Abdelaziz Khalid M , Eid Refaat A
Published: July 2019

Objective

Advanced glycosylated end products (AGEs) in type II diabetic patients are usually precipitated on the periodontallyaffected root surfaces. The presence of periodontopathic microbes, at the same time, may also add a negative impact on the prognosis of the regenerative periodontal surgery. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of chemical conditioning on surface characteristics of periodontally-affected roots of diabetic patients.

Methods

Three groups (n = 25) of freshly-extracted teeth were collected from the outpatient clinics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University. In group 1, teeth were collected from healthy individuals for orthodontic purpose. Teeth of group 2 were collected from healthy patients with chronic periodontitis, while those of group 3 were collected from diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Roots of the collected teeth were examined using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after mechanical surface planning and chemical treatment using normal saline, EDTA gel, Tetracycline HCL (TC) or citric acid (CA) each for 4 minutes (n = 5 from each group).

Results

Interpretation of SEM images revealed undesirable etching effect of the chemicals used on the surfaces of healthy roots. Although EDTA showed an effective cleanse of the smear debris, it seemed to have no power on surface cuticles existed on roots of diabetic individuals. Tetracycline HCl provided acceptable conditioning of periodontally-affected root surfaces. Citric acid showed a powerful removal of both smear debris and cuticle layers off the periodontally-affected roots of diabetic individuals.

Conclusion

Topical application of EDTA, TC or CA shows sensible effect on the periodontally affected root surfaces. However, each of these chemicals exhibits different conditioning power. Citric acid is a promising agent to biomodify the periodontally-affected root surfaces of diabetic patients.

Clinical relevance

Citric acid is an acceptable biomodifier for the periodontally-affected root surfaces. This approach may improve the prognosis of periodontal therapies especially in type II diabetic patients.

How to cite this article

Abdelaziz KM, Eid HA, Eid RA. Effect of Bioconditioning on Surface Characteristics of Periodontally- affected Roots of Diabetic Patients. World J Dent 2014;5(2):81-86.
Digital Single Lens Reflex Photography in Clinical Orthodontics: Revolution or Evolution
Authors: Agarwal Anupam , Mahajan Shalu , Verma Santosh
Published: July 2019

The field of dentistry has witnessed a ‘Digital Revolution’ in the recent past which has made the maintenance of patient's pretreatment and post-treatment records a necessary protocol. The speciality of orthodontics depends heavily on patient's records for various purposes including diagnosis and treatment planning and patient motivation. The recent upsurge in digital technology has been both inviting and confusing as an orthodontist finds himself in a dilemma regarding which camera to choose for orthodontic photography. This research article tries to develop an understanding about the cameras to choose for the above mentioned purpose and that whether digital SLR technology is really a revolution or just an evolution.

How to cite this article

Agarwal A, Mahajan S, Verma S. Digital Single Lens Reflex Photography in Clinical Orthodontics: Revolution or Evolution. World J Dent 2014;5(2):118-123.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Topical Anesthetics in Reducing Pain during Administration of Injectable Local Anesthesia in Children
Authors: Bendgude Vikas , Walimbe Hrishikesh , Bijle Mohammed Nadeem Ahmed , Muchandi Sneha , Deshpande Rahul , Dolas Arti , Chaturvedi Shrishti
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Pain control is an integral part of modern dentistry. Needle injection of local anesthetic which is the commonest modality of pain control itself proves to be painful for the child. Hence, it is important for the pediatric dentists to resort to a pain free method of administering local anesthesia for a patient. Topical anesthetics have proven to reduce the pain experience during administration of local anesthetic injection. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two topical anesthetic agents—EMLA 5% cream (Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics—Lignocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) and Benzocaine 20% gel in reducing the pain during administration of local anesthetic injection in children.

Materials and methods

EMLA 5% cream and Benzocaine 20% gel were used in the study. Children from mixed dentition age group between 6 and 9 years of age were selected. The two selected topical anesthetics were applied on buccal mucosa at two different appointments in a given child, following which the local anesthetic was administered on the test site. The pain responses of the child were evaluated using the Wong Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The results were then statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test.

Results

EMLA 5% cream was three times highly effective in pain reduction than Benzocaine 20% gel.

Conclusion

EMLA 5% cream is comparatively better than benzocaine 20% gel with regards to pain reduction during the administration of local anesthetic injection in children.

How to cite this article

Walimbe H, Muchandi S, Bijle MNA, Bendgude V, Deshpande R, Dolas A, Chaturvedi S. Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Topical Anesthetics in Reducing Pain during Administration of Injectable Local Anesthesia in Children. World J Dent 2014;5(2):129-133.
Reliability of Teeth for Identification after Exposure to varying Degrees of Temperature
Authors: Amin Reshma , Shetty Pushparaja
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Violence and crime in human lives from bomb explosions, fire accidents, wars, plane crashes, and natural disasters make identification of victims difficult. The carbonized bodies, advanced stage of decomposition among other circumstances, highlight the need to employ faster, more accurate methods during identification of victims. This study was planned to evaluate the changes in teeth after exposure to varying levels of temperature simulating real-life fire disasters for forensic identification.

Materials and methods

A total of 128 freshly extracted molars and premolars were collected from patients of age group between 12 and 70 years. Samples of 128 teeth were divided into three groups and were subjected to varying degrees of temperatures of 100°C, 200°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C in an electric furnace. After subjecting the teeth for each range of temperature, they were analyzed for morphological changes under stereomicroscope. Pulp available was processed for normal histological procedures for observation of the tissue under light microscope, and blood grouping of the pulp was done by adsorption and elution technique. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) quantification of the heat-treated teeth was done by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The analysis of variance test and Tukey's test were used for multiple variables.

Results

There were statistically significant results in DNA obtained from each temperature. The blood grouping from pulp was not available above 500°C. Furthermore, there was a progressive increase in the weight loss of teeth analyzed by the thermogravimetric method.

Conclusion

Heat-treated teeth with detectable amounts of DNA suggested it is useful to pursue further analysis, such as restriction enzyme digestion, polymerase chain reaction, and Southern blotting.

How to cite this article

Amin R, Shetty P, Shetty V. Reliability of Teeth for Identification after Exposure to varying Degrees of Temperature. World J Dent 2017;8(2):96-103.
Effect of Prolonged Endodontic Treatment on Temporomandibular Joint and Masticatory Muscles
Authors: Wali Aisha , Siddiqui Talha M , Siddiqui Fatima , Naireen Damiya
Published: July 2019

Aims and objectives

The objective of the study is to assess the outcome of lengthy root canal sessions (more than 2 hours) on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its associated structures.

Materials and methods

Totally, 250 patients who had undergone root canal treatment that lasted for more than 2 hours were examined for the status of TMJ and masticatory muscles. The second part of the examination was performed after 1 week to check for any pain and tenderness. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

Results

Results showed that patients of older age suffered from more pain postoperatively. Similarly, women experienced more pain than males. Those patients who were treated for their posterior teeth complained of more pain than those treated for anterior teeth.

Conclusion

Prolonged root canal sessions result in longer and wider opening of mouth for longer period of time, thus causing harm to TMJ and associated masticatory structures and may give rise to sign and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD).

Clinical significance

It is prudent to break treatment sessions into shorter appointments and let patients relax during the treatment to prevent any extra stress on the TMJ and associated masticatory apparatus.

How to cite this article

Siddiqui TM, Wali A, Siddiqui F, Naireen D. Effect of Prolonged Endodontic Treatment on Temporomandibular Joint and Masticatory Muscles. World J Dent 2018;9(1):38-42.
A Technique to facilitate the Conscientious Removal of Composite Resin Restoration
Authors: Dimashkieh Mohiddin R , Elagra Marwa EI , Fernandez Rohit AA
Published: July 2019

The use of composite resin restorations is widespread in restoring not only anterior teeth but also posterior teeth. Failure of such restorations can occur due to several reasons; and their removal is often stressful and time consuming due to their close resemblance to tooth structure. This article describes a simple technique to place composite restorations with the facilitation of easy demarcation from tooth structure if the need arises to remove it.

How to cite this article

Dimashkieh MR, Elagra MEI, Fernandez RAA. A Technique to facilitate the Conscientious Removal of Composite Resin Restoration. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(2):28-30.
Supernumerary Teeth in Premolar and Molar Regions and their Effect on Overall Restorative Treatment Plan
Authors: Raina Sadhana A
Published: July 2019

Supernumerary tooth, also known as hyperdontia, is the condition where more than the normal number of teeth is present. By definition, the supernumerary teeth are the extra teeth present in the oral cavity. They can be found in the region of oral cavity, but are common in the maxilla than mandible.

  Supernumerary teeth may be encountered by the dental practitioner as a chance finding on a radiograph or as the cause of an impacted central incisor. Their presence may give rise to a variety of clinical problems. Detection of supernumerary is best achieved through clinical and radiographic examination. This article shows the cases of supernumerary teeth in mandibular premolar region and maxillary third molar region along with its etiology, frequency, classification, complication, and management.

How to cite this article

Raina SA. Supernumerary Teeth in Premolar and Molar Regions and their Effect on Overall Restorative Treatment Plan. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(4):98-101.
Tubercular Laryngitis: A Rebirth?
Authors: Nerurkar Rajeev , Singh Shraddha
Published: July 2019

Objective

The aim of this study is to highlight the changing clinical patterns of laryngeal tuberculosis (TB) and to increase the awareness of this uncommon manifestation of extrapulmonary TB which will help the clinician in early diagnosis and appropriate management of this condition.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis was done of 34 suspected cases of tubercular laryngitis who presented to our institution from January 2009 to December 2011. All of these patients were subjected to hematological tests, sputum microscopy, and radiological investigations.

Results

Out of these 34 patients, hematological profile, sputum testing, and radiological profile was positive for TB in 13 patients who were started on antitubercular treatment. Out of 13, 1 patient had resolution of cough but persistent hoarseness and was diagnosed as having severe epithelial dysplasia. Twentyone patients were tested negative for TB and were diagnosed as chronic laryngitis (11), histoplasmosis (1), amyloidosis (2), sarcoidosis (1), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (4). Primary laryngeal TB was diagnosed in two cases.

Conclusion

Laryngeal TB, though rare, is increasingly presenting to the otolaryngologists nowadays due to increase in the number of immunocompromised hosts and development of resistant microorganisms. It presents with nonspecific symptoms and can often be missed leading to delay in diagnosis and treatment. Starting empirical steroids without diagnosis may flare up the TB. It often mimics and occasionally may coexist with laryngeal malignancy. Thus the clinician should be vigilant and should always consider laryngeal TB as an important differential for laryngeal lesions.

How to cite this article

Nerurkar NK, Singh S, Nerurkar R. Tubercular Laryngitis: A Rebirth?. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(1):17-19.
Contribution of Different Tastes on 100 mL Water Swallow Test
Authors: Thejaswi D , Kunwar Sukriti , Mathew Biya
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The complex sensory motor activity of swallow consists of transferring food from the mouth to the stomach. Several evidences on swallow biomechanics reveal different tastes leading to variations in swallow. However, there exists dearth of studies exploring this area using simple noninvasive effective procedure like 100 mL water swallow test.

Aims

The present study focused to observe swallow ability across 100 mL neutral, sweet, salt, sour, and bitter liquids in healthy young adults.

Materials and methods

A total of 30 healthy adults within the age of 18 to 23 years participated. All were given lukewarm neutral, sweet, sour, salt, and bitter tastes to swallow individually in a handheld 120 mL cup. Simultaneously, the clinician monitored total time taken to swallow and number of hyolaryngeal movements to calculate volume per swallow, time per swallow, and swallow capacity. Subjects also ingested 10 mL of each taste to estimate the taste threshold which were rated on a minima of 0- point to a maxima of 10-point visual analog scale.

Results

Statistical test and repeated measures of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed no significance at 95% confidence level. However, clinical difference was noted with neutral taste having highest volume per swallow, increased swallow capacity, and least time per swallow. Following this, sweet taste had higher volume per swallow and swallow capacity while sour taste had increased time per swallow.

Conclusion

The present study helps in understanding the wide dynamic nature of swallow which modulates the physiology as per the bolus ingested.

How to cite this article

Thejaswi D, Kunwar S, Mathew B. Contribution of Different Tastes on 100 mL Water Swallow Test. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(1):27-31.