bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of influence of biostimulating medicines on the cow milk cheeseability
Authors: Yu Smolentsev S , Korosteleva V P , Matveeva E L , Nurgalieva A R , Nurgaliev F M
Published: August 2019

The article shows the research results of qualitative composition and technological characteristics of milk in case the food ration of cows is added by biostimulant belonging to the category of synthetic phytohormone “Irkutin”. To hold the experiment 5 groups of first-calf heifers of black and motley breed, up to 10 heads in each have been created. The division was based on the principle of analogs. The selection of animals was made according to the following criteria: live mass, dairy efficiency level, month of calving and their physiological state. The 1st group (control group) as was bred on the main diet of the farm. “Irkutin” was introduced in different doses into the main diet of cow experiment groups II, III and IV. Medicine was given to animals in the morning, once every 3 days. “Irkutin” represents a biostimulant from the category of synthetic phytohormones (growth substance). As an analog, for comparison of impact of “Irkutin” on milk structure and milk properties, extract of eleuterococcus spiny, natural biostimulant. Eleuterococcus was introduced into the diet of group V of cows in a dose 40 ml per head. Research shows that the introduction of “Irkutin” and extract of spiny eleutherococcus into the ration influenced fat and protein content of milk given by fresh cows. It was proved that the best characteristics of cheeseability were shown by the animals of the fourth experimental group. It coagulated more quickly under the influence of rennet shaping dense and elastic clot.
Disinfecting of the leachate of solid waste landfills with the application of hydrobiological cleaning
Authors: Kostarev S N , Sereda T G , Sidorova K A , Kochetova O V
Published: August 2019

Methodological and technical approaches to cleaning of the leachate of the municipal solid waste (MSW) on hydrobiological constructions are offered. The purpose of work was justification of cleaning of drains of MSW by means of community of plants (including natural vegetation of grounds and dumps of MSW). The major factors influencing design solutions of hydrobiological constructions for cleaning of drains of MSW are shown. It is shown that cleaning of drains of MSW requires cleaning in three-stage ponds. On a first stage the shallow ponds no more than 0.5 m in depth for a destruction of organic pollution by means of saprophytic bacteria, utilization of biogenic elements with use of a complex of microalgas and disinfectings of drains due to formation of food chains, and removals of pathogenic bacteria are provided. On a second stage ponds with planting of water vegetation are provided deep-water (not less than 0.5 m). For three-stage cleaning of drains after a second stage as a part of hydrobiological constructions biochannels are provided. The method of calculation of a response time of water at each step of cleaning and the area of a mirror of ponds is presented. Hydraulic loading proceeding from the area of landing of gidromakrofit and a daily consumption of the purified water is calculated. For decrease in an index of BOD before dumping of drains into the superficial reservoirs the special structure of biocanals is provided. Basic elements of biochannels known in biomeliorative practice are presented in article. The technique of definition of a hydraulic radius necessary for calculation of driving of water is given in channels.
Monitoring the quality of drinking water of the regional decentralized water supply
Authors: Bayanova A A
Published: August 2019

Despite the fact that the Irkutsk region belongs to areas with a large supply of fresh water, the monitoring surveys carried out on the quality of drinking water from decentralized water supply have shown that the inhabitants of the region lack quality drinking water. This is especially true of the population in rural districts and small towns where water supply is mostly not centralized. Studies have revealed a significant excess of standards for sanitary-chemical and microbiological indicators due to the high content of iron, nitrates, magnesium, manganese and sulphates, increased rigidity, the presence of coliform bacteria. The main causes of non-compliance of drinking water with regulatory requirements are identified. Measures to be done to bring the quality of drinking water in line with existing requirements are recommended.
Antioxidant activity evaluation of aqueous extracts of chickpea and lentil seedlings
Authors: Gubanenko G A , Zykova I D , Naimushina L V , Rechkina E A , Mayurnikova L A
Published: August 2019

The aim of the study was to explore the antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of leguminous crop seedlings - chickpea and lentils. For the study of antioxidant activity, an in vitro method of autooxidation of adrenaline in an alkaline medium was used. The process of adrenaline autooxidation was investigated as a model reaction of quinoid oxidation, proceeding through a series of intermediate stages with the formation of the final product of adrenochrome. The accumulation of the adrenaline autooxidation intermediate product - adrenalinquinone - in an aqueous-alkaline medium and in the presence of aqueous chickpea or lentil extracts was recorded using a UV 1700 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu) at a wavelength of 348 nm. It was revealed that aqueous extracts of legumes exhibit antioxidant activity. Inhibition of adrenaline autooxylation with a selected exposure time of 5 minutes in the presence of aqueous extracts of lentils was 25%, and of chickpea - 16%. The interrelation of the manifestation of the antioxidant activity of seedlings and the content of biologically active compounds with reducing properties (reducing sugars, flavonoids, vitamin C and tannins) was revealed.
Products of sea-buckthorn berries processing in parapharmaceutical production
Authors: Ivanova G V , Nikulina E O , Kolman O Y , Ivanova A N
Published: August 2019

Labour activity of the person during scientific and technical progress is complicated with increasing ecology pollution caused by active use of various chemicals for agricultural purposes, industrial use of toxic metals and other substances, radioactive components of different origin. The purpose of our research is to find out new vegetative raw material being a source of food fibers (in the given concrete case) and possessing high food and biological value which could become a basis for creation new kinds of foodstuff for medical and prophylactic use in the diet of the population directly involved in harmful manufacture at the industrial enterprises and living in ecologically polluted areas. We offer to use the sea-buckthorn berries oil cake as such source of raw material - the dry waste product from sea-buckthorn oil production, which possesses high biological activity and meets all listed above requirements.
Modeling the operation process of the unit for processing row-spacings of fruit plantings
Authors: Apazhev A K , Fiaphev A G , Shekikhachev Y A , Hazhmetov L M , Shekikhacheva L Z
Published: August 2019

The reserves for expanding areas for fruit plantations in the mountainous regions of Russia are limited. One of the ways to solve this problem is to engage in agricultural circulation and, in particular, for fruit plantations, sloping lands. At present, for foothill and mountain areas, scientifically based technologies for growing gardens on slopes have been developed for zones. One of the problems faced by fruit producers is the lack of technology for the care of the row-spacings of fruit plantations. Mechanized technologies of plain gardening are ineffective in the specific conditions of mountain and foothill agriculture, where soil fertility is the main limiting factor. At the same time, there is an urgent need to accelerate the creation of a humus layer in the near-stem stripes, to improve the water and food regimes of fruit plantations on sloping lands. The analysis of the soil maintenance system in the gardens showed that the most rational is the sod-humus system, which involves mowing the vegetation, leaving it on the soil surface in the form of mulch. However, commercially available technical means have a relatively low rotational speed of a rotary working body, do not provide high-quality tillage. In this regard, the proposed design of the unit for processing row-spacings of fruit plantations. As a result of the theoretical studies, rational values of the main parameters and modes of operation of the proposed unit have been established.
Waste management from ships at Vietnam seaports
Authors: Bui D H , Tran Y , Ngo K D
Published: August 2019

This paper analyzes and evaluates the situation of waste management from ships at Vietnam’s seaport system on the basis of comparing with the requirements of Vietnam’s legal regulations on management and treatment of waste as well as provisions of international maritime conventions to which Vietnam is a member. Based on that, some solutions are proposed to improve the management efficiency of waste from ships for Vietnamese seaports.
Prospects for the use of spelt in organic farming
Authors: Khmeleva E , Osipova G , Rumyantseva V , Berezina N , Makarova N
Published: August 2019

Organic farming is a way to reduce the negative impact of agriculture on nature and humans. It allows for more efficient use of natural resources and providing the population with safe food. Russia has a huge potential for organic agricultural production. Spelt (Triticumdicoccumschrank) as a grain culture is promising for use in organic farming, for expanding the market of organic products, for manufacturing environmentally friendly bakery products.
Development of an autonomous energy supply system for harvesting wood resources based on wood fuel
Authors: Anisimov P N , Medyakov A A
Published: August 2019

A number of original technical solutions of energy supply system of technological processes of wood harvesting and production of chips in the cutting area and upper warehouse are presented. It is proposed to use generator gas from chips instead of traditional motor fuel. The autonomous power supply system includes a power plant with a DC motor and a hydraulic station, a power cable for transmitting electrical energy and a power plant. The power plant is installed on the chassis of the technological machine. The power plant equipment is located on a separate car trailer chassis. The power plant includes a battery of electrical energy, a DC generator, a heat engine on the generator gas, gas generators and a container with a fuel reserve. For cable rolling along the cutting area, special patented rollers are offered. The use of this system can save up to 870 liters of motor fuel from non-renewable resources per 1,000 cubic meters of harvested wood.
The recultivation of soils contaminated with oil using the vermiculture of earthworms and their probiotics
Authors: Chachina S B , Voronkova N A , Shadrin M A , Evdokimov N S
Published: August 2019

The recultivation technology for soils contaminated with oil in the concentration of 50 g/kg in Western Siberia with the use of microbiological preparation received from coprolites of earthworms Eisenia fetida and vermiculture of earthworms E. fetida, E. andrei, D. veneta was developed. The coprolites microflora composition of the earthworms E. fetida was studied. The microbiological preparation from coprolites of the earthworms was received. Microorganisms – oil destructors were isolated, which were used as the basis of the microbiological preparation “Muck” containing Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus careus, Bacillus mucoides, Bacillus thuringiens, Pseudomonas putida, CFU – 3.3*108. The following characteristics were determined: the remediation effectiveness for the soil contaminated with oil in the concentration of 50 g/kg when using the microbiological preparation “Muck” and earthworms E. fetida, E. Andrei and D. veneta.
The methodology for the development of enterprise competitive strategy
Authors: Kukartsev V V , Fedorova N V , Tynchenko V S , Bekusheva E V , Gek D K , Sokolovskiy N V
Published: August 2019

The article is about achieving and maintaining advantages over competitors in the agrarian and rocket and space industry, which activities are a powerful generator of innovation. The mission of a large strategic enterprise for the agrarian and the rocket and space industry is creation, manufacturing, selling and after-sales service of competitive science-intensive products for military and civil purposes on the basis of advanced scientific and technological developments, efficient production and developed services in different interests. In order to reach this goal a full methodology for competitive strategy was developed, which is used in many organizations. This technique is presented as a step-by-step algorithm for the development and implementation of a competitive strategy, which is based on some management methods. The implementation of this algorithm requires the most up-to-date and accurate information to perform all the stages in the most productive and fast way. The algorithm itself is simple and provides an opportunity to get a positive economic effect due to the fact that the organization occupies a stronger position.
Experimental research of the bovine black albumin spray drying processes
Authors: Khomyakov A P , Mordanov S V , Khomyakova T V
Published: August 2019

The paper shows the results of the experimental research of the spray drying of the bovine black albumin. The physicochemical properties of the dried bovine black albumin were obtained. The granulometric composition and the particle shape structure of the dried product were obtained for the spray drying using the centrifugal sprayer and the pneumatic sprayer for the various solid content range in the source product and the various drying agent initial temperature. The effect of the spraying method, the drying agent initial temperature and the solid content range in the source product on the dried bovine black albumin particle average size was defined.
Improvement of dedusting efficiency of technological equipment for manufacturing of coloured calcium silicate bricks
Authors: Yu Klimenti N , Khorzova L I , Azarov V N , Vlasova O S
Published: August 2019

The key factors for obtaining coloured calcium silicate bricks is the high degree of dispersion and precise dosage of the colouring matter, as well as its uniform distribution in the silicate mixture. Dust particles of a colour pigment pose the most harmful effect on the health of workers at the industrial shop. In the course of components mixing, a large amount of dust from sand, lime and pigment is released into the working zone air since the process of components mixing implies materials pouring while proportioning as well as vigorous mechanical mixing. For the purpose of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the working zone air contamination in a components mixing shops, it is necessary to investigate the dust conditions at the shop, the particle size distribution of the mixture components, the concentration of hazardous substances in the working zone air, the aerodynamic properties of dust.
Study on the efficiency of ARPD (asphaltenes, resin and paraffin deposit) hydrocarbon solvents
Authors: Kovaleva M A , Shram V G , Lysyannikova N N , Petrova K A , Tsygankova E V
Published: August 2019

Intensive asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) precipitation is one of the main problems in oil production, processing and transportation. The present study describes the selection of ARPD hydrocarbon solvents using the express method of effective hydrocarbon solvents according to which optimal ratio of alkane and aromatic component is determined. On the basis of laboratory data, the binary solvents efficiency graphs of n-hexane-toluene mixtures were produced, and the conclusion was drawn about the optimal ratio of alkane and aromatic components for dissolving the Vankor field (ARPD) asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits.
Ensuring the operational reliability of the tractor fleet
Authors: Kipriyanov F A , Medvedeva N A , Medvedeva S V
Published: August 2019

One of the major problems facing the engineering and technical service of agricultural enterprises is to figure out the volume of repair and maintenance impacts to ensure the optimal operation of the tractor fleet in conditions of limited financial resources. The study introduces individual reliability indicators of tractors, based on the analysis of the machine and tractor fleet in the Vologda region. The condition for the formation of rational and effective repair and maintenance impacts is the constant monitoring of reliability indicators of tractors and agricultural machinery, which allows not only identifying their individual characteristics, but also predicting changes in technical state. Studies have shown that different systems of tractors, in particular MTZ tractors, can differ by reliability actually n several times. The interrelation between the invested funds for repairs and the subsequent failure-free operation was found out. The increase of failure-free operation allows reducing the probability and the amount of downtimes in the busy farming season, thereby reducing the possible costs associated with losses due to downtime of machines, such as: violation of agro-technical terms, which is especially important for sowing and harvesting, being one of the factors of yield reduction. These studies laid the foundation for the method for determining the rational volume of repair and maintenance impacts, which consists in minimizing the total costs aimed at improving the failure-free operation of tractors. All this, along with using the up-to-date diagnostics tools, will increase the efficiency of preventive repair and maintenance impacts.
Technological parameters for vehicles in the organization of cargo transportation in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Yanykov N V , Smirnov A N , Volkov A I , Lukina D V , Mayorov A V
Published: August 2019

The result of the research conducted shows that cargo transportation is one of the components of successful activity and efficiency of the enterprise in the agro-industrial complex. The collected data have shown that economic efficiency is influenced by many process parameters. The data collected allowed to make a conclusion that. For the optimization of cargo transportation, the AIC needs careful choice of the number, type and brands of vehicles, taking into account the type of activity of the enterprise, its production volumes and range of cargo transportation. When collecting the data to choose the type and construction of motor vehicles with regard to the operating conditions it was found out that it is necessary to consider many parameters: the type of cargo, the nature and volume of transportation, the mode of operation of motor vehicles, organization of transportation, road and weather conditions. For this purpose, the following information was specified: necessary parameters of the cargo taking into account volume and weight, the choice diagram of the vehicle based on the properties of the cargo. The data received which were used for choosing are provided in tables and graphs. After choosing the type and the number of vehicles and determining the volume of transportation, one of the components of efficient use of vehicles is to optimize the transportation. Optimization of transportation is considered and provided in the form of mathematical formulas. Everything is presented as an example for one of the types of transportation. The issue studied and presented in this article is topical for the farms of the Mari El Republic in conditions of the market economy. That is why the data and calculations received are of practical application in the organization of cargo transportation in the agro-industrial complex enterprises and their optimization for maximum efficiency.
Rare plants in the focus of the modern concept of biodiversity (on the example of Transbaikal)
Authors: Namzalov B-Ts B , Zhigzhitzhapova S V , Namzalov M B-Ts
Published: August 2019

Rare plants are endemic and relict species, and plants that are on the borders of their ranges. Only in the flora of the steppes of the Baikal Siberia, 48 endemic species are known, i.e., 7.0% of the total structure of the flora. In addition to endemics, relicts are typical for the historical phytogeography of Siberia. Twenty-seven of them belong to the oldest tertiary. It is often observed that the historical phytogeography of Siberia contains very little information about relict vegetation communities in comparison to a large volume of Pleistocene steppe relict species, for example. Logically one can assume that if species are preserved, it is likely to find islands of former vegetation, relict phytocenoses. Fragments of these communities are combined with tundra groups, forming relict tundra-steppe landscapes in the mountains of the Sayan mountains and Tuva. For the first time taking Transbaikal as an example, an approach for a holistic view of rare plant species in accordance with the concept of biodiversity is proposed. This means the disclosure of this phenomenon not only on the species, but also on the coenotic and landscape levels. As a result, rare plant species are represented in systemic integrity at three conjugate levels: 1. Characteristics of a unique species as a system of uneven-age individuals; 2. Analysis of plant communities with dominance or participation of the species under consideration; 3. Description of the original landscape with the development of rare phytocenosis. The holistic and related discovery of the biology and ecology of endemic, relict and boundary populations of plant species will serve as a basis for creating a valuable scientific synthesis, the Atlas of the unique gene pool of natural flora.
Receiving new perspective for biotechnology and virology cell cultures of fishes
Authors: Zavyalova E A , Carpova M A , Bulina K Y , Alontseva D A , Droshnev A E
Published: August 2019

Due to the increase in the population of the planet and the increasing need for proteinaceous food one of the most important sectors of agriculture - the aquaculture - is crucial for ensuring food security of the country. Control of viral diseases of fishes with use of biotechnology methods - such as cell cultures is necessary for development of the industry. The new lines of cells offered by authors from fabrics and bodies of the fishes which are industrially grown up in Russin Federation (sturgeons, a trout, a bull-trout), the technology of their receiving and also information on sensitivity to viruses will allow to solve a problem of timely diagnostics of viral infections of fishes and to provide an intensive development of aquaculture. The obtained cultures: SSF (VIEV) -1, 2, 3; OMG, STLE are incorporated in the cryobank and deposited in the Specialized Collection of Intermittent somatic cell cultures of agricultural and commercial animals RKKK (P) (SZHZ RAAS) at the FGBU of the FSC of the VIEV RAS and can be demanded by other scientific-research institutions for the solution of different tasks.
Forests of the Angaro-Chunsky interfluve (Krasnoyarsk region)
Authors: Yuzefovich F S , Tupitsyna N N
Published: August 2019

The territory of the Angaro-Chunsky interfluve is located in the south-western part of the Central Siberian Plateau in the southern taiga subzone. The paper presents a review of forest vegetation studies in the region, which is represented by dark coniferous (Abies sibirica, Picea obovata, Pinus sibirica), light coniferous (Larix sibirica, Pinus sylvestris) and small-leaved (Betula pendula, Populus tremula) forests. The classification of forests of the Angaro-Chunsky interfluve is based on the ecological-phytocenotic classification of forests of V N Sukachev.
Strategic planning as a vector of the poultry industry development
Authors: Vedenkina I V
Published: August 2019

The paper touches upon the issue of strategic planning of the poultry industry as a whole, as well as of its individual business entities, and shows the difference between strategic and long-term planning. A comparison of strategic planning in domestic and foreign practice is carried out. The methods and methodology of strategic planning are considered. The goals, directions, tasks of the Poultry Development Concept of the Russian Federation are described. The main digital information of the forecast of domestic production of poultry meat and eggs for the period 2013-2020 is presented. The features of the strategic planning of a specific poultry enterprise with digital information by year are presented.
Cultivation of mammals early male germ cells in a semi liquid medium
Authors: Vasileva S A
Published: August 2019

Spermatogenesis is one of the most complex processes of cell differentiation. The ability to cultivate early male germ cells and subject them to differentiation to produce mature gametes in vitro is an important task for both biology and veterinary and regenerative medicine. In vivo, spermatogenesis is known to occur in a three-dimensional structure, in the convoluted seminiferous tubules of the male reproductive glands, and Sertoli cells and the extracellular matrix have a significant impact on the survival, proliferation and differentiation of early germ cells. At present, methods of creating a microenvironment, similar to the native, are being actively developed to support spermatogenesis in vitro. This paper reflects research on the use of semi-fluid media as a three-dimensional matrix for the cultivation of early male gametes of mammals. These culture systems have been shown to support the differentiation of early germ cells to the stage of elongated spermatids with the subsequent formation of spermatozoa. However, it is necessary to continue research to create a culture system that can induce and maintain complete spermatogenesis.
Migration flyways of geese in Central Siberia
Authors: Savchenko A P , Emelyanov V I , Savchenko P A , Karpova N V , Davaa A M
Published: August 2019

Observations of geese abundance and migration in Central Siberia are especially relevant for international scientists due to the lack of objective data on this topic in English literature. The goal of this paper is to summarize the results of a long-term study (1980-2016) on migration of geese in Central Siberia, to distinguish and describe their migration routes in the environment of Continental Asia. The authors used a methodological complex comprising universally accepted techniques of ornithological studies, such as visual and instrumental observations at staging sites and along geese migration routes, registration of birds on the ground (travelling on foot, by boat or by car) and in the air (using aircraft). To clarify the subspecies, the authors carried out collection of birds or their body parts (heads, wings, legs, n = 1032 units). Capture and banding of nesting geese was done in the Altai-Sayan Ecoregion. The places and dates of maximum geese concentration, as well as the time of their departure, are quite permanent; that made it possible to carry out their definite registration using aircraft (25.5 thousand km). The works at each of the most significant sites were performed annually, at the same time of the year. They also analyzed data available in scientific literature and reports on returns of rings from the Ringing Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as information about geese received from hunters and specialists of environmental services. The paper shows main migration routes and their territorial connections. The Great Lakes Depression in Mongolia is a kind of “migration dead end” for a great number of waterfowl migrating in spring.
The role of voluntary forest certification in solving the problem of minimizing the impact on the environment in the process of logging
Authors: Mokhirev A P , Sul’tson S M , Medvedev S O , Mihailov P V
Published: August 2019

Conservation of forest biodiversity is a global challenge. These goals are the main objectives of voluntary forest certification. This article presents the results of the activities of one of the enterprises of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russian Federation, aimed at sustainable forest management and biodiversity conservation. The company is certified by the PEFC RUSSIA system and is guided by their requirements and recommendations. In order to minimize the environmental impact, adjustments were made to the process of logging. The change in the technological process made it possible to reduce the damage of the soil and undergrowth of trees. As a result of research activities of the enterprise, it should be admitted that during logging negative effects on forest ecosystems dominate, a significant transformation of the natural environment takes place. However, with the help of certain organizational measures, this damage can be minimized. Voluntary forest certification systems are designed to reduce the impact of the activities of enterprises and promote the best management of forest resources. To simplify the use of certification requirements, an algorithm for minimizing the impact on the environment through the tools of voluntary forest certification has been proposed.
Indexes of nitrogenous exchange in organisms of high-yield cows in dependence from various concentration of lipids in diets
Authors: Yu Petrov O , Rozhentsov A L , Mihalev E V
Published: August 2019

Animals of control groups received a diet with the maintenance of 3,5% of fat according to the detailed norms of feeding. Increase in level of fat in diets of analogs II and III groups up to 4, 5 and 5, 4% of its nonvolatile solid was carried out at the expense of the sunflower-seed oil entered into a diet by interfusing with concentrated compound feed. Zootechnical, hematological and biochemical researches were conducted with use of the practical standards. In this article the expediency of optimization of level of crude fat in diets of high-yield cows of golshtinsky breed is experimentally proved. It improves a condition of proteometabolism in their organism what the positive nitrogen balance, increase in extent of its deduction in a body and uses on formation of milk to testifies. Thus, strengthening of lipids in nonvolatile solid of diets of the high-yield lactating cows renders particular and, in general, positive influence on key indicators of nitrogenous metabolism in their organism.
The effect of sterilization modes used for pork preserved in polymeric consumer packaging on the destruction of fatty acids
Authors: Krylova V B , Gustova T V , Kudryashov L S
Published: August 2019

The article is devoted to solving an actual problem aiming at substantiating the rational modes of sterilization of preserved meat in order to minimize destructive effects on the main components of the products, including fats. The authors emphasized mainly on the change of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) more specifically, essential fatty acids, which are under the close attention of researchers, both in our country and abroad. Particular attention is paid to the influence of sterilization modes on changes in the quality composition of fatty acids of meat lump in preserved pork. The article summarizes the new material on the effect of sterilization modes of preserved food on the degree of hydrothermal destruction of fat and the formation of free fatty acids on the total content of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this article, the approach for assessing the degree of destruction of the fat component of preserved meat from the point of separation of volatile substances, the content of which, as studies have shown, either decreases with sterilization, is completely destroyed, or increases after sterilization. It is established that most of the compounds, the proportion of which decreases with sterilization, belongs to the class of carboxylic acids, including heptadecanoic, decanoic, eicosanoic and octanoic acids. The idea is that the main factors influencing the change in the initial chemical composition of the product lipids are the presence of moisture in the raw food, the sterilization temperature and the pressure. It is shown that the free fatty acids identified in the raw food: arachidonic acid and hexane are absent in the finished product. As a research task, the authors evaluated the effect of gentle sterilization modes on the safety of oleic acid, which can inhibit the formation of cholesterol plaques in the blood vessels, preventing the development of atherosclerosis. A small amount of nervonic acid was found with a dietary value. It was shown that irrespective of the sterilization modes, γ-linolenic acid was preserved, which contributes to the strengthening of the structure of cell membranes. In conclusion, analysis results obtained indicated a shallow destructive change in the fat content of the preserved food under the influence of gentle thermal loads.
Burnout in UK care home staff and its effect on staff turnover: MARQUE English national care home longitudinal survey
Authors: Costello Harry , Cooper Claudia , Marston Louise , Livingston Gill
Published: August 2019

Background

staff burnout and turnover lead to care home residents receiving poorer quality care. Burnout is thought to cause turnover, but this has never been investigated. We know little about which care home staffs are burnt out.

Aims

to explore burnout’s relationship with staff turnover and prevalence and predictors of burnout.

Method

we calculated the relationship between Maslach Burnout Inventory scores and future staff turnover (12-month number of staff leaving/number employed). We explored staff, resident and care home predictors of burnout, measured as emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA).

Results

two-thousand sixty-two care staff in 97 care home units participated. Median yearly staff turnover was 22.7%, interquartile range (IQR) 14.0–37.7%. Care staff recorded low median burnout (median EE: 14, IQR: 7–22; DP: 1, IQR: 0–5; PA 42, IQR: 36–45). We found no association between staff burnout and turnover rate. Younger staff age was associated with higher burnout (EE coefficient − 0.09; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.13, −0.05; DP −0.02; 95% CI: −0.04, −0.01; PA 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08). Speaking English as a second language predicted higher EE (1.59; 95% CI: 0.32, 2.85), males had higher DP (0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.04) and staff working only night shifts lower PA (−2.08; 95% CI: −4.05, −1.30).

Conclusions

we found no association between care homes staff burnout level and staff turnover rates. It is a myth that burnout levels are high. Interventions for burnout could focus on at-risk groups. Future studies could consider turnover at an individual level.
What is gained or ‘lost in translation’ in Huntington’s disease
Authors: Brouillet Emmanuel , Merienne Karine
Published: August 2019

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Increased translation as a novel pathogenic mechanism in Huntington’s disease’, by Jordi Creus-Muncunill et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awz230).
Elevated tau PET signal depends on abnormal amyloid levels and is uncommon in unimpaired individuals
Authors: Gordon Brian A , Tijms Betty M
Published: August 2019

This scientific commentary refers to ‘The bivariate distribution of amyloid-β and tau: relationship with established neurocognitive clinical syndromes’, by Jack et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awz268).
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Lobar Brain Structures in Twins With Autism
Authors: Hegarty John P , Lazzeroni Laura C , Raman Mira M , Pegoraro Luiz F L , Monterrey Julio C , Cleveland Sue C , Hallmayer Joachim F , Wolke Olga N , Phillips Jennifer M , Reiss Allan L , Hardan Antonio Y
Published: August 2019

This investigation examined whether the variation of cerebral structure is associated with genetic or environmental factors in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with typically developing (TD) controls. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from twin pairs (aged 6–15 years) in which at least one twin was diagnosed with ASD or both were TD. Good quality data were available from 30 ASD, 18 discordant, and 34 TD pairs (n = 164). Structural measures (volume, cortical thickness, and surface area) were generated with FreeSurfer, and ACE modeling was completed. Lobar structures were primarily genetically mediated in TD twins (a2 = 0.60–0.89), except thickness of the temporal (a2 = 0.33 [0.04, 0.63]) and occipital lobes (c2 = 0.61 [0.45, 0.77]). Lobar structures were also predominantly genetically mediated in twins with ASD (a2 = 0.70–1.00); however, thickness of the frontal (c2 = 0.81 [0.71, 0.92]), temporal (c2 = 0.77 [0.60, 0.93]), and parietal lobes (c2 = 0.87 [0.77, 0.97]), and frontal gray matter (GM) volume (c2 = 0.79 [0.63, 0.95]), were associated with environmental factors. Conversely, occipital thickness (a2 = 0.93 [0.75, 1.11]) did not exhibit the environmental contributions that were found in controls. Differences in GM volume were associated with social communication impairments for the frontal (r = 0.52 [0.18, 0.75]), temporal (r = 0.61 [0.30, 0.80]), and parietal lobes (r = 0.53 [0.19, 0.76]). To our knowledge, this is the first investigation to suggest that environmental factors influence GM to a larger extent in children with ASD, especially in the frontal lobe.
Trends in Hepatitis B Infection and Immunity Among Women of Childbearing Age in the United States
Authors: Kushner Tatyana , Chen Zhen , Tressler Stacy , Kaufman Harvey , Feinberg Judith , Terrault Norah A
Published: August 2019

Background

The current opioid injection drug use epidemic has been associated with an increase in hepatitis C virus infections among women of childbearing age in the United States, but changes in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections have not been studied.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of HBV statuses among women of childbearing age nationally and by state was conducted, utilizing the Quest Diagnostics database. Rates of HBV in women born before and after the implementation of universal HBV vaccination recommendations were determined.

Results

We identified 8 871 965 women tested for HBV from 2011–2017. Nationally, the annual rate of acute HBV infections was stable, but rates increased in Kentucky, Alabama, and Indiana (P < .03). The national prevalence of new, chronic HBV diagnoses decreased significantly, from 0.83% in 2011 to 0.19% in 2017 (P < .0001), but increased in Mississippi, Kentucky, and West Virginia (P ≤ .05). A declining prevalence of HBV seroprotection was evident over time, especially within the birth-dose cohort (which dropped from 48.5% to 38.5%; P < .0001).

Conclusions

National rates of newly diagnosed acute and chronic HBV infections declined or were stable overall, but increased significantly in specific Appalachian states. The HBV vaccine is effective in decreasing infections, but seroprotection wanes over time. These trends in new infections may be related to increased injection drug use and highlight potential gaps in HBV vaccine protection.
Validation of Acute Gastroenteritis-related International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification Codes in Pediatric and Adult US Populations
Authors: Pindyck Talia , Hall Aron J , Tate Jacqueline E , Cardemil Cristina V , Kambhampati Anita K , Wikswo Mary E , Payne Daniel C , Grytdal Scott , Boom Julie A , Englund Janet A , Klein Eileen J , Halasa Natasha , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Staat Mary Allen , Weinberg Geoffrey A , Beenhouwer David O , Brown Sheldon T , Holodniy Mark , Lucero-Obusan Cynthia , Marconi Vince C , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C , Parashar Umesh
Published: August 2019

International Classification of Diseases diagnostic codes are used to estimate acute gastroenteritis (AGE) disease burden. We validated AGE-related codes in pediatric and adult populations using 2 multiregional active surveillance platforms. The sensitivity of AGE codes was similar (54% and 58%) in both populations and increased with addition of vomiting-specific codes.
Non-invasive methods to measure inter-renal function in aquatic salamanders—correlating fecal corticosterone to the environmental and physiologic conditions of captive Necturus
Authors: Nagel Andrew H , Beshel Mark , DeChant Christopher J , Huskisson Sarah M , Campbell Mark K , Stoops Monica A
Published: August 2019

We measured faecal corticosterone metabolites (fCMs) in aquatic salamander Necturus to understand how inter-renal function changes throughout seasonal environmental changes and associated reproductive activity. fCMs elevated with lower water temperatures and breeding activity. To overcome some challenges associated with faecal hormone collection/analysis, waterborne corticosterone (wCM) was validated through ACTH challenge.
Anisminic Ltd v Foreign Compensation Commission [1969] 2 AC 147, House of Lords
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Anisminic Ltd v Foreign Compensation Commission [1969] 2 AC 147, House of Lords. This note deals with how the House of Lords interpreted an ouster clause, a statutory provision which seeks to prevent judicial oversight of the decision-makers, and considers the wider constitutional implications of this interpretation. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
Blackburn v Attorney General [1971] 1 WLR 1037, Court of Appeal (Civil Division)
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Blackburn v Attorney General [1971] WLR 1037, Court of Appeal (Civil Division). This note concerns three issues, (i) the capacity of the government to enter into treaties, (ii) the ability of Parliament to legislate for the UK to enter the European Community, as was, and (iii) whether Parliament can place limits on its sovereignty, and that of future parliaments. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
British Railways Board v Pickin [1974] AC 765, House of Lords
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in British Railways Board v Pickin [1974] AC 765, House of Lords. The case concerned the unwillingness of the courts to look behind the process by which statutes were enacted by Parliament. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
Dimes v Proprietors of the Grand Junction Canal (1852) III House of Lords Cases (Clark’s) 759, 10 ER 301, House of Lords
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Dimes v Proprietors of the Grand Junction Canal (1852) III House of Lords Cases (Clark’s) 759, 10 ER 301, House of Lords. This case concerns an example of a judge holding a pecuniary interest in a case they were adjudicating upon. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
R v Bow Street Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate, ex parte Pinochet Ugarte (No. 2) [2000] 1 AC 119, House of Lords
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Bow Street Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate, ex parte Pinochet Ugarte (No. 2) [2000] 1 AC 119, House of Lords. This case considered what types of interest, in addition to pecuniary interests, should require a judge to recuse themselves from sitting on a case. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
R (on the application of Abassi) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] EWCA Civ 1598, before the Court of Appeal
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R (on the application of Abassi v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] EWCA Civ 1598, before the Court of Appeal. This case concerned, among other things, whether foreign policy decisions made by the executive could ever constitute justiciable matters arguable before the courts. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
R (on the application of Evans) and another v Attorney General [2015] UKSC 21, Supreme Court
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R (on the application of Evans) and another v Attorney General [2015] UKSC 21, Supreme Court. This case concerns whether Parliament can have intended for a statutory provision to allow a member of the executive to overturn the decision of a court without good, clearly articulated reasons (Lord Mance), or contrary to constitutional principle (Lord Neuberger). The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
Cobbe v Yeoman’s Row Management Ltd [2008] UKHL 55, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Cobbe v Yeoman’s Row Management Ltd [2008] UKHL 55, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Jennings v Rice [2002] EWCA Civ 159, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Jennings v Rice [2002] EWCA Civ 159, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Lloyds Bank plc v Rosset [1991] 1 AC 107, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Lloyds Bank plc v Rosset [1991] 1 AC 107, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Walsh v Lonsdale (1882) 21 Ch D 9, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Walsh v Lonsdale (1882) 21 Ch D 9, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Abbey National Building Society v Cann [1991] 1 AC 56, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Abbey National Building Society v Cann [1991] 1 AC 56, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Baker v Craggs [2018] EWCA Civ 1126
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Baker v Craggs [2018] EWCA Civ 1126, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Ashburn Anstalt v WJ Arnold & Co. Ltd [1989] Ch 1, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Ashburn Anstalt v WJ Arnold & Co. Ltd [1989] Ch 1, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Aslan v Murphy (Nos 1 and 2); Duke v Wynne [1990] 1 WLR 766, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Aslan v Murphy (Nos 1 and 2); Duke v Wynne [1990] 1 WLR 766, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.