bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuevos datos de Etnoarqueología Zooarqueológica desde el oeste de Groenlandia.
Authors: Domínguez Solera Santiago David
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo presenta una serie de datos obtenidos en el verano de 2017 sobre la caza y el procesado del caribú (Rangifer tarandus) y de la foca (Phocidae) y la pesca del bacalao (Gadus morhua) en el área de Sisimiut (oeste de Groenlandia), por parte de cazadores y pescadores inuit. La información se recabó mediante entrevistas, observación directa de las actividades de caza y pesca, prospecciones y análisis tafonómicos de los restos óseos. Se constata el mantenimiento de conceptos tradicionales de caza, carnicería, transporte, reparto y consumo aún presentes entre los actuales groenlandeses y usos culturales diferentes entre áreas relativamente próximas.        

The present work contains several data obtained in the summer of 2017 about the hunting and processing of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and seals (Phocidae) and the fishing of cod (Gadus morhua) in the Sisimiut area (West Greenland) by Inuit hunters and fishers. Data were collected through interviews, direct observation of hunting and fishing activities, prospecting and taphonomic analysis of the skeletal remains. The maintenance of traditional concepts of hunting, butchery, transport, distribution and consumption are still present among current Greenlanders. Different cultural uses between relatively close areas are demonstrated.
Autonomías añejas en escenarios nuevos. Fuentes y directrices para analizar aspiraciones políticas de las provincias en un escenario de crisis: San Luís Potosí, 1808-1814.
Authors: Bernal Ruíz Graciela
Published: October 2020

El artículo discute una propuesta para analizar las aspiraciones políticas que manifestaron algunas provincias americanas tras la ausencia del monarca, cuyo carácter autonomista ha sido señalado por la historiografía. Plantea que las Instrucciones elaboradas por las capitales de provincia y enviadas a sus representantes en la península son fuentes de indiscutible valor para conocer esas aspiraciones, entre otras razones, porque a través de ellas hicieron peticiones para fortalecer a sus jurisdicciones. No obstante, algunas de esas peticiones no eran nuevas, por lo que su análisis requiere remontarnos, al menos, al último cuarto del siglo XVIII, cuando diversas medidas implementadas por la Corona llevaron a las ciudades a defender sus prerrogativas. Al ejemplificar esta vinculación con el caso de San Luis Potosí, se muestra que los grupos de poder local habían realizado diversos intentos para buscar cierta autonomía de la capital del virreinato, y aprovecharon la coyuntura de 1808 para intentar concretarla.

The aim of this article is to propose an analysis of the political aspirations manifested in some American provinces after their monarch’s absence. Provinces whose autonomous character has been pointed out by historiography. Furthermore, it argues that the Instrucciones made by the provinces’ capitals–which were sent to their political representatives in Spain–are sources of immense value to understand these aspirations because petitions were made by these means in order to strengthen their jurisdiction. However, some of these requests were not new, which requires us to go back to at least, the last quarter of the eighteenth century, when several measures taken by the Spanish Crown forced different cities to defend their privileges. Linking the aforementioned events with the situation in San Luis Potosí, demonstrates that groups of local power had made various attempts to gain certain autonomy from the viceroyalty’s capital, and therefore, they took advantage of the 1808 political climate to try and realize it.
El estudio del federalismo mexicano desde las regiones. Zacatecas, 1824-1835, fuentes y acercamientos.
Authors: Terán Mariana
Published: October 2020

El artículo tiene como propósito reconocer los principales aportes historiográficos sobre el estudio del federalismo en la provincia de Zacatecas, declarada como entidad federada el 17 de enero de 1825. Siguiendo la propuesta de Nettie Lee Benson, se recupera la trayectoria institucional con la creación de la diputación provincial como antecedente que impactó en la formulación del federalismo mexicano. Interesa destacar la riqueza de las fuentes documentales, en especial, los acervos relativos a los poderes legislativo, ejecutivo y judicial. Se plantearán algunas de las preguntas que se han respondido, así como nuevas problemáticas y acercamientos que podrían enriquecer la historiografía política del federalismo desde sus regiones.

The purpose of the article is to recognize the main historiographical contributions on the study of federalism in the province of Zacatecas, declared as a federated entity on January 17, 1825. Following Nettie Lee Benson's proposal, the institutional trajectory is recovered with the creation of the provincial council as a precedent that impacted on the formulation of Mexican federalism. It is interesting to highlight the wealth of documentary sources, especially the collections related to the legislative, executive and judicial powers. Some of the questions that have been answered will be raised, as well as new problems and approaches that could enrich the political historiography of federalism from its regions.
A HETEROGENEIDADE ETÁRIA-CULTURAL NA EJA COMO ELEMENTO AGREGADOR PARA O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS DIALÓGICO-PROBLEMATIZADOR / THE AGE-CULTURAL HETEROGENEITY IN YAE AS AGGREGATOR ELEMENT TO DIALOGICAL-PROBLEMATIZING SCIENCE TEACHING
Authors: Oliveira da Silva Silvia André , Lambach Marcelo
Published: October 2020

No presente artigo, são apresentados os resultados de uma sequência de aulas em uma turma da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, modalidade que compreende um perfil estudantil bastante heterogêneo e com inúmeras especificidades. O estudo assume o seguinte problema de investigação: Como construir e implementar uma proposta didático-pedagógica curricular na perspectiva da abordagem temática Freireana que contribua para a valorização da heterogeneidade etária e cultural dos educandos da EJA? Para responder tal inquietação, tomou-se como referência os princípios delineados para a abordagem temática Freireana, a partir do Estudo da Realidade (ER) no processo de Investigação Temática (IT), do qual emergiu o Tema Gerador. Para o desenvolvimento da sequência didática seguiu-se a metodologia didático-pedagógica dos Três Momentos Pedagógicos (3MP). Dentre os resultados obtidos tem-se que a proposta dialógico-problematizadora possibilita a superação de possíveis conflitos e dificuldades de aprendizagem derivados das diferenças etárias e culturais dos educandos da EJA.
DO CONHECIMENTO SOBRE O ÁTOMO AO CONHECIMENTO SOBRE O UNIVERSO: UMA SEQUÊNCIA DE ENSINO SOBRE ESPECTROSCOPIA E MODELOS / FROM KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE ATOM TO KNOWLEDGE OF THE UNIVERSE: CONTRIBUTIONS OF A METANARRATIVE FOR LEARNING ABOUT SCIENCES
Authors: Parma Marivaldo , Bellucco Alex , Calegari Mário Heleno
Published: October 2020

Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma sequência didática sobre física moderna voltada ao Ensino Médio, desenvolvida no âmbito do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). Tínhamos como meta-narrativa discutir como as descobertas da física moderna, sobre átomos e radiações, permitiram uma compreensão maior do universo. Tecemos considerações sobre a elaboração e aplicação da proposta, que adaptou diferentes metodologias e materiais para a construção de suas atividades – desde o ensino por investigação até o material desenvolvido pelo Núcleo de Pesquisas em Inovação Curricular (NUPIC). Por último, apresentamos também alguns resultados preliminares obtidos por meio de questionários, planejados para cada etapa de ensino, na aplicação da sequência em turmas de terceiro ano do ensino médio, da rede estadual de ensino de Santa Catarina. Apesar das dificuldades conceituais e matemáticas apresentadas pelos estudantes, percebemos ganhos em aprendizagem sobre ciências.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES FORMATIVAS DA ABORDAGEM CTS SOBRE O TEMA SOLO NAS AULAS DE CIÊNCIAS NA FASE 1 DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL / FORMATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STS APPROACH ON THE THEME SOIL IN THE SCIENCE CLASSES FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PHASE 1
Authors: Zonta Ariane Cristina Bittencourt , Silveira Rosemari Monteiro Castilho Foggiatto , Martini Viviane Paula
Published: October 2020

O artigo apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza interpretativa de intervenção, desenvolvida numa turma de 5° ano do ensino fundamental, numa escola pública da cidade de Ponta Grossa. Realizada no decorrer do ano de 2018, nas aulas de ciências, onde, identificadas as concepções prévias dos estudantes sobre o tema solo, e, desenvolvidos, aplicados e analisados 10 (dez) planejamentos de aula sobre o tema solo, num enfoque CTS. Os dados coletados foram agrupados em 2 (duas) categorias de análise: a) concepções prévias: o que os estudantes sabem sobre o solo,  e, b) educação ambiental e valores éticos:que objetivaram uma ACT voltada para a formação cidadã. Promoveu práticas educativas vindas ao encontro do ativismo social, tendo como intuito o incentivo à mudança de atitudes de maneira a encorajar o estudante a ter uma postura ativa  na sociedade, no que se refere à consciência do uso e cuidados com o solo.
REPRESENTAÇÃO SOCIAL E MODELAGEM MATEMATICA: POSSIBLIDADES E LIMITAÇÕES / SOCIAL REPRESENTATION AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING: POSSIBLITIES AND LIMITATIONS
Authors: Souza Debora Coelho de , Rosa Claudia Carreira da
Published: October 2020

Muito tem se discutido sobre as diferentes praticas pedagógicas e suas potencialidades para o ensino de matemática, entretanto os professores tem um certa resistência ao lidar com as mesmas, entre elas está a Modelagem Matemática, Neste sentido objetivo desse trabalho é verificar como se dá o processo de (re)construção das representações sociais sobre modelagem matemática de professores iniciantes, quando estes conhecem e participam do desenvolvimento de atividades de modelagem em sala de aula?. Para tanto acompanhamos uma disciplina de modelagem matemática em um curso de pós-graduação de uma Universidade Publica de Mato Grosso do Sul, consideramos como fonte de dados os questionamentos e observações de fatos que ocorreram no decorrer da disciplina, juntamente com as respostas de um questionário aplicado no final da mesma Temos indício para acreditar que quando a Modelagem se torna algo familiar, a sua representação é desmistificada, possibilitando seu uso em sala de aula.
Nonmarket Valuation in the Environmental Protection Agency's Regulatory Process
Authors: Petrolia Daniel R. , Guignet Dennis , Whitehead John , Kent Cannon , Caulder Clay , Amon Kelvin
Published: October 2020

This paper reviews the use of nonmarket valuation in environmental policy at the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). We examine trends in the literature over the last forty‐five years and compare those trends to how often nonmarket benefits are monetized and which methods are used in 49 recent EPA Regulatory Impact Analyses. We also review EPA awarded research grants and their focus. We conclude that the nonmarket valuation literature continues to grow but that many nonmarket benefits go unquantified and unmonetized in policy analysis. Policy applications of nonmarket studies are generally limited to a small and dated body of work.
Influence of FeCl3‐modified chloroaluminate ionic liquids on long‐chain alkenes alkylation
Authors: Sheng Xiaoli , Wang Beibei , Mao Chunfeng , Sha Xiao , Zhou Yuming
Published: October 2020

The influence of anhydrous ferric chloride on the catalytic properties of chloroaluminate ionic liquids catalyst for Friedel–Crafts alkylation was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) (acetonitrile molecule as probe), specific gravity, and27Al NMR. Besides, the effect of the mass ratio of FeCl3to AlCl3, catalysts dosage, toluene/olefin molar ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time on long‐chain alkenes alkylation were investigated thoroughly. And bromine value and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were employed as the evaluation method for alkylation products. It was observed that the addition of anhydrous ferric chloride results in improvement in terms of Lewis acid and its catalytic recyclability. Among these catalysts studied, the catalyst modified with 1.0 wt.% anhydrous FeCl3showed the best catalytic performance in terms of yield and stability, which can be attributed to the formation of new stronger acidic ions [Al2FeCll0]−when the added ferric chloride reacts with acidic ions [Al2Cl7]−.
Separation of middle boiling trace compounds by distillation: An investigation of practical implications of complex column arrangements on an industrial methanol distillation case study
Authors: Udugama Isuru A. , Kirkpatrick Robert , Yu Wei , Gernaey Krist V. , Young Brent R. , Bayer Christoph
Published: October 2020

The drive to achieve greater energy efficiencies is well‐established in the fine chemical industries with distillation processes being a key focus due to their disproportionate energy consumption totaling more than 40% of the overall plant. The objective of this paper is to specifically focus on the energy efficiency benefits that would be realized by employing intensified distillation column configurations on a high purity, multicomponent, high recovery industrial methanol distillation where a middle boiling trace ethanol component must be managed to ensure on specification production (<10 ppm wt. ethanol in product and <5 ppm impurities in bottoms). Based on technology maturity constraints, five column configurations were selected for further analysis, comprising a direct synthesis configuration, a side draw column, a Petlyuk inspired recovery column arrangement, a divided wall column, and a cut divided wall column. These configurations were then simulated on an industrial process simulator where all configurations were able to match the strict industrial product specifications and design limits. The energy usage of the column configurations was improved through a systematic analysis, and the results revealed that all intensified columns have a superior energy usage compared to the direct synthesis configuration but with the gains limited to only 3%. An unbiased consideration of the energy efficiency results, together with other external factors including cost of capital and operability, shows that the recovery column configuration would be the most practical choice despite the presence of the divided wall column configuration which represents a greater level of intensification and integration.
Improving ablation properties of liquid silicone rubber composites by in situ construction of rich‐porous char layer
Authors: Yan Liwei , Zhang Hao , Zhou Shengtai , Zou Huawei , Chen Yang , Liang Mei
Published: October 2020

In this article, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and ammonium pentaborate (APB) were introduced to liquid silicone rubber with an aim of building rich‐porous char structure in situ, thereby improving thermal insulation properties. Thermogravimetric analyses indicated that the incorporation of APP greatly increased the char residue of the composites. Oxy‐acetylene torch tests showed that the addition of either APP or APB powders effectively enhanced the ablation resistance of the composites, whereas Shore A hardness tests revealed that the APP‐containing composites exhibited a higher hardness than APB‐filled counterparts. The linear ablation rates of composites with 40 phr APP or APB were reduced by 34.16% and 36.19%, respectively, when compared with the control sample. The maximum back‐face temperatures of composites with 40 phr APP or APB was reduced to as low as 73°C. The APP‐containing composites exhibited superior ablation resistance, considering both the linear ablation rate and the mechanical properties of char layer. In addition to SiO2, SiC, and C, B2O3was produced in the APB composites, as characterized by XRD and Raman analysis. Combined with SEM, it was proven that the formation of a firm, continuous, rich‐porous and thermal insulation char layer was advantageous to improve the ablation and insulation properties.
Interleukin‐7/Interferon Axis Drives T Cell and Salivary Gland Epithelial Cell Interactions in Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Rivière Elodie , Pascaud Juliette , Virone Alexandre , Dupré Anastasia , Ly Bineta , Paoletti Audrey , Seror Raphaèle , Tchitchek Nicolas , Mingueneau Michael , Smith Nikaïa , Duffy Darragh , Cassard Lydie , Chaput Nathalie , Pengam Sabrina , Gauttier Vanessa , Poirier Nicolas , Mariette Xavier , Nocturne Gaetane
Published: October 2020

Objective

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is characterized by a lymphocytic infiltration of salivary glands (SGs) and the presence of an interferon (IFN) signature. SG epithelial cells (SGECs) play an active role in primary SS pathophysiology. We undertook this study to examine the interactions between SGECs and T cells in primary SS and the role of the interleukin‐7 (IL‐7)/IFN axis.

Methods

Primary cultured SGECs from control subjects and patients with primary SS were stimulated with poly(I‐C), IFNα, or IFNγ. T cells were sorted from blood and stimulated with IL‐7. CD25 expression was assessed by flow cytometry. SG explants were cultured for 4 days with anti–IL‐7 receptor (IL‐7R) antagonist antibody (OSE‐127), and transcriptomic analysis was performed using the NanoString platform.

Results

Serum IL‐7 level was increased in patients with primary SS compared to controls and was associated with B cell biomarkers. IL7R expression was decreased in T cells from patients with primary SS compared to controls. SGECs stimulated with poly(I‐C), IFNα, or IFNγ secreted IL‐7. IL‐7 stimulation increased the activation of T cells, as well as IFNγ secretion. Transcriptomic analysis of SG explants showed a correlation between IL7 and IFN expression. Finally, explants cultured with anti–IL‐7R antibody showed decreased IFN‐stimulated gene expression.

Conclusion

These results suggest the presence of an IL‐7/IFNγ amplification loop involving SGECs and T cells in primary SS. IL‐7 was secreted by SGECs stimulated with type I or type II IFN and, in turn, activated T cells that secrete type II IFN. An anti–IL‐7R antibody decreased the IFN signature in T cells in primary SS and could be of therapeutic interest.
MPC‐based robust contouring control for a robotic machining system
Authors: Kornmaneesang Woraphrut , Chen Shyh‐Leh
Published: October 2020

Recently, robot manipulators have been adopted to perform machining tasks, instead of only automation tasks. The key machining task is to follow a desired contour. Therefore, the machining accuracy can be improved by reducing contour error. However, only a few researches concentrate on solving the contouring problem in the robotic machining system. In this paper, a model predictive control (MPC)‐based contouring control scheme is proposed for a machining system based on a 5‐DOF dual‐arm robot. The contouring control problem is transformed into the regulation problem by using the method of equivalent errors. An MPC algorithm is developed to minimize the contour error by optimizing a sequence of control actions under torque constraints. In addition, robustness is upgraded by integral sliding mode control (ISMC). Experiments are carried out for the proposed methods and two other conventional methods. The results show that the proposed control scheme can achieve much better contouring performance than the conventional methods, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Schöck Isokorb® – Gebrauchstauglichkeit unter Berücksichtigung der Langzeiteigenschaften
Authors: Müller Michael , Li Zhijun , Standeker Jernej
Published: October 2020

Auskragende Bauteile wie Balkone stellen Wärmebrücken dar und werden daher im Verbindungsbereich standardmäßig mit den tragenden Wärmedämmelementen Schöck Isokorb® entkoppelt. Infolge üblicher Nutzlasten treten Verformungen sowie Schwingungen in der Balkonplatte auf, welche zusätzlich durch die Wahl des Anschlusselements beeinflusst werden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt anhand von Untersuchungen an der MPA Karlsruhe, welchen Einfluss der Schöck Isokorb® auf die Eigenfrequenz der Balkonplatte und damit auch auf deren Schwingungsverhalten ausübt. Zudem werden in Abhängigkeit von Materialien wie nichtrostender Stahl‐ oder Glasfaserbewehrung produktbezogene Drehfedersteifigkeitswerte abgeleitet und die zugehörige Berechnungsformel validiert. Die daraus ermittelten Steifigkeitswerte können in die Gebrauchstauglichkeitsnachweise von FE‐Programmen einfließen. Dem Planer bietet sich damit die Möglichkeit einer präzisen Verformungsberechnung bei der Bauwerksmodellierung.
Inverse problem approach to regularized regression models with application to predicting recovery after stroke
Authors: Hbid Youssef , Mohamed Khaladi , Wolfe Charles D.A. , Douiri Abdel
Published: October 2020

Regression modelling is a powerful statistical tool often used in biomedical and clinical research. It could be formulated as an inverse problem that measures the discrepancy between the target outcome and the data produced by representation of the modelled predictors. This approach could simultaneously perform variable selection and coefficient estimation. We focus particularly on a linear regression issue, , where is the parameter of interest and its components are the regression coefficients. The inverse problem finds an estimate for the parameter , which is mapped by the linear operator to the observed outcome data . This problem could be conveyed by finding a solution in the affine subspace . However, in the presence of collinearity, high‐dimensional data and high conditioning number of the related covariance matrix, the solution may not be unique, so the introduction of prior information to reduce the subset and regularize the inverse problem is needed. Informed by Huber's robust statistics framework, we propose an optimal regularizer to the regression problem. We compare results of the proposed method and other penalized regression regularization methods: ridge, lasso, adaptive‐lasso and elastic‐net under different strong hypothesis such as high conditioning number of the covariance matrix and high error amplitude, on both simulated and real data from the South London Stroke Register. The proposed approach can be extended to mixed regression models. Our inverse problem framework coupled with robust statistics methodology offer new insights in statistical regression and learning. It could open a new research development for model fitting and learning.
What motivates people to be materialistic? Developing a measure of materialism motives
Authors: Gurel‐Atay Eda , Sirgy M. Joseph , Webb David , Ekici Ahmet , Lee Dong‐Jin , Kahle Lynn R.
Published: October 2020

This article presents, through a series of studies conducted in six countries, the development, psychometric testing, and cross‐cultural validation of an independent measure of materialism motives involving three dimensions: needs for happiness, social recognition, and distinctiveness. We demonstrate that materialism (beliefs about the importance of money and material possessions in their life) influences life satisfaction through the fulfillment of these three materialism motives. Furthermore, and non‐surprisingly, these three motives are also related to personal values. Theoretical and policy implications of this new measure are considered, and avenues for future study presented.
Simultaneous Preparation and Functionalization of Ultrathin Few−layer Black Phosphorus Nanosheets and Their Electrocatalytic OER and HER Performance
Authors: Xu Qian , Zhu Yabo , Xie Tingting , Shi Chao , Zhang Nao
Published: October 2020

A convenient liquid phase exfoliation method is reported here to prepare functionalized few−layer black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets by using succinic acid (SA) or L−ascorbic acid (L−AA) −assisted tip−ultrasonicated exfoliation. The thickness of the obtained nanosheets is about 2–2.5 nm, which is equivalent to 4–5 layers of BP atoms. And SA−BP−1 : 3 exhibits a best OER and HER performance in the group of SA−BP with different weight ratios, requiring an overpotential of 369.8 mV for OER and 235 mV for HER to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. Meantime, L−AA−BP‐1 : 1 presents a great OER and HER performance in the group of L−AA−BP with different weight ratios, requiring an overpotential of 459.5 mV for OER and 224 mV for HER to achieve the current density of 10 mAcm−2, respectively. And two groups of the samples significantly enhance the OER and HER performance of few−layer BP nanosheets (550 mV and 431 mV). In addition, both the consecutive cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometric measurements reveal the outstanding electrocatalytic stability of the samples.
Enhanced Sodium Storage Performance of Co7Se8 Enabled Through In Situ Formation of a Nanoporous Architecture
Authors: Zhu Jian , Shang Chaoqun , Wang Xin , Zhou Guofu
Published: October 2020

As one of the potential next‐generation energy storage systems, sodium ion batteries possess the advantages of Na natural resources and relatively low cost. However, the serious volume changes and poor cycle stability of the anode materials hinder the further application of sodium ion batteries. Herein, a facile and green method has been proposed to fabricate a high performance Co7Se8@C anode with an in situ formed porous architecture. Thanks to the synergetic effects of the in situ formed porous structure and enhanced electron conductivity, the Co7Se8@C anode displayed superior electrochemical performances compared with the bare Co7Se8 anode. In detail, the Co7Se8@C anode exhibited superior rate capability of 477.1 mAh g−1 at a current density of 4000 mA g−1 and excellent cycling stability (high capacity retention rate of 83.9 % after 300 cycles at 200 mA g−1). This strategy not only provides opportunity for practical application but also provides potentially new direction for future research.
Graphdiyne‐Supported Atomic Catalysts: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Kan Xiaonan , Fan Chunyan , Wu Chenyu , Sun Chong , Li Zhibo , Zhao Yingjie
Published: October 2020

Graphdiyne (GDY) has been ideal candidate support for atomic catalysts (ACs) due to its unique conjugated two‐dimensional (2D) structure comprising both sp‐ and sp2‐hybrid carbon atoms. ACs/GDY can display excellent catalytic ability and high selectivity, emerging as a cutting‐edge research area in the past few years. Recently, a growing body of work has been done in ACs/GDY, ranging from screening appropriate combinations theoretically, continuous improvement to prepare few‐layered GDY to meet the critical challenge in this area, and successfully fabricating ACs/GDY in facile way. This Minireview briefly introduces recent advanced progress in this field, including the synthetic method for both thin GDY film and ACs/GDY, as well as theoretical analysis of different ACs/GDY systems, characterization, and applications. In the end, the challenges and further opportunities of ACs/GDY are summarized and proposed. It is hoped that this article brings new insights into the current study of ACs/GDY and promotes better development in this area.
Novel sources of resistance to blast disease in finger millet
Authors: Dida Mathews M. , Oduori Chrispus A. , Manthi Samuel J. , Avosa Millicent O. , Mikwa Erick O. , Ojulong Henry F. , Odeny Damaris A.
Published: October 2020

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. subsp. coracana) is the most important millet in eastern Africa and perhaps the oldest domesticated cereal grain in Africa. One of the major factors limiting finger millet production is blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Crop wild relatives and landraces present a potential source of novel genes. This study investigated the response of cultivated and wild relatives of finger millet to an isolate of blast disease from western Kenya. Previous germplasm collections were purified through two generations of single‐seed descent before screening alongside improved and farmer‐preferred varieties (FPVs) under a screen house across three seasons. Farmer‐preferred varieties were identified through participatory varietal selection (PVS). The plants were inoculated twice during each growth period using hand‐spraying method and data on disease incidence recorded at grain‐filling stage. Genotypic data was generated using diversity arrays technology (DArT) sequencing and data analysis done using Genstat 18.2 and TASSEL 5.2.58. We observed high heritability (81%), indicating that the variation observed was predominantly genetic. Wild accessions were generally more resistant to the disease in comparison to the cultivated accessions. Preliminary genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using general linear model with principal component analysis led to the identification of 19 markers associated with blast disease that will be be developed into assays for genotype quality control and trait introgression. Wild accessions and landraces of finger millet present a good reservoir for novel genes that can be incorporated into crop improvement programs.
Thermophysical properties of dilute acid slurries of cassava bagasse as a function of biomass loading, acid concentration, and temperature
Authors: Polachini Tiago Carregari , Mulet Antonio , Cárcel Juan A. , Telis‐Romero Javier
Published: October 2020

For suitable design of equipment and process optimization, the determination of thermophysical properties of the raw materials is necessary. Therefore, this work was aimed at determining and modeling the density, specific heat, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity of acid slurries of cassava bagasse used during its conversion into bioethanol. Experimental measurements were carried out in slurries with different mass fractions of cassava bagasse (0.00 to 0.10) and phosphoric acid (0.00 to 0.10) at temperatures from 278.13 to 318.13 K. Results obtained show that density varied from 986.5 to 1,029.3 kg∙m−3, specific heat from 3,830.0 to 4,142.6 J∙kg−1∙K−1, thermal diffusivity from 0.9624 × 10−7 to 1.5249 × 10−7 m2∙s−1 and thermal conductivity from 0.3825 to 0.6212 W∙m−1∙K−1. While density increased with increasing solids and acid content at decreasing temperature, the thermal properties decreased at higher solids and acid content and increased when heating the slurries. The values were well‐fitted to polynomial models with good accuracy (R2 > 0.921 and MRE < 1.75%), allowing the application of the models to obtain reliable and ready‐to‐use data for cassava bagasse processing. Thus, the data reported in this study can be used for designing and managing momentum, heat and mass transfer processes for enhancing bioethanol production from cassava bagasse.
BADEP: Bandwidth and delay efficient application placement in fog‐based IoT systems
Authors: Dadashi Gavaber Morteza , Rajabzadeh Amir
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, fog computing is considered as a new computing method that provides the resources required to provide various services and applications to Internet of Things (IoT) devices near them. Nonetheless, in recent years, the increasing growth of IoT devices with heavily dependent on resources has made it impossible for fog computing to provide these resources efficiently in many cases, which will lead to delay in the delivery of various services. Thus, the placement of application/service in fog computing‐based environments will turn into a challenging issue. This was the motivation for this paper to present a method for placement of various IoT applications in fog computing‐based environments to reduce the delay in these systems. In the proposed method, it is tried to reduce the resulting delay by reducing the network usage in the fog computing layer. In doing so, the proposed method tried to place the applications so that the interdependent modules in these applications, with a high data interaction rate, are placed on a node as much as possible to reduce the need for data transfer. IFogSim simulator was used to evaluate the proposed method, where the results of the simulation show that the proposed method improved the delay by 9% and the network usage by 21% compared to the existing methods.
Developments in CO2 Electrolysis of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell with Different Cathodes▴
Authors: Ma Z. , Zhou J. , Li Y. , Liu C. , Pu J. , Chen X.
Published: October 2020

Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is a device that can efficiently convert excessive power of renewable energy, such as wind or solar energy into chemical energy. High temperature CO2 electrolysis based on solid oxide electrolysis cell has been proved as an effective method to produce sustainable fuels and reduce greenhouse emissions. The performance of cathodes as the place where the electrolysis reaction takes place for fuel gas affects the efficiency of SOEC, whereas traditional cathodes show relatively low catalytic activity towards CO2 electrolysis. In recent years, in addition to the optimization of traditional Ni‐based cathodes, the research on perovskite cathodes with better redox stability has been carried out rapidly. In this paper, the development of different cathodes of solid oxide electrolysis cell used for CO2 electrolysis is summarized, from the study of new materials with different doping ratios for CO2 electrolysis, to the microstructure optimization of electrode. It was found, that both durability and catalytic activity for the cathode materials could significantly improve the performance of single cells of SOEC. Finally, more prospects for future research work are put forward.
Chaotic Diagnostics in a Biodiesel Combustion System Using PLIF and Nonlinear Time Series Analysis▴
Authors: Gao S. , Li F. , Xiao Q. , Zhu J.
Published: October 2020

The combustion system of biodiesel has complex dynamic characteristics. In this paper, the combustion characteristics and flame stability of gutter oil biodiesel in a biodiesel evaporation combustion system are studied based on chaos identification theory. It aims to analyze the chaotic behavior of OH radical intensity on different equivalence ratio of laminar flame using OH‐PLIF technology with a specific focus on the use of 0–1 test. The results of 0–1 test are compared with those of phase space reconstruction, largest Lyapunov exponent and Fourier spectrum algorithm. The results show that the 0–1 test can be used as an efficient and reliable tool to diagnose the non‐linear dynamic characteristics of biodiesel combustion, and the combustion stability of flame is proportional to the chaotic intensity range. This method has a certain guiding value for identify the optimal combustion state and the most stable flame under different equivalence ratio.
Association of postoperative influenza vaccine on overall mortality in patients undergoing curative surgery for solid tumors
Authors: Gögenur Mikail , Fransgård Tina , Krause Tyra Grove , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Gögenur Ismail
Published: October 2020

Recent findings have found that the influenza vaccine induces changes in the immune system in favor of antitumor cytotoxicity. The aim of our study was to investigate if an influenza vaccine given in the postoperative period decreased overall and cancer‐specific mortality in patients undergoing curative surgery for solid cancers. We conducted a registry‐based national observational study in Denmark in the period January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2015 with a follow‐up period of 3 years starting from 180 days after surgery. Patients with solid cancers undergoing curative surgery were included. The primary outcome was overall mortality. The secondary outcome was cancer‐specific mortality. A total of 21 462 patients were included in the study with 2557 patients receiving an influenza vaccine within 6 months after surgery. In a Cox regression model, a decrease in overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.81‐0.99, P = .03) and cancer‐related mortality (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71‐0.93, P = .003) was found among patients given a vaccine vs patients never receiving a vaccine. In a predefined subgroup of patients receiving a vaccine within 30 days after surgery, a decrease in overall mortality (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.72‐0.94, P = .007) and cancer‐specific mortality (HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.53‐0.91, P = .009) was found. No association was evident in patients receiving the vaccine after 30 days to 6 months after surgery (overall mortality: HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.86‐1.07, P = .46); cancer‐specific mortality: HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.76‐1.03, P = .12). These findings must be investigated in larger clinical trials where both immunological biomarkers and survival outcomes are included.
Pulmonary metastasis secondary to abiraterone‐resistant prostate cancer with homozygous deletions of BRCA2: First Japanese case
Authors: Izawa Mizuki , Kosaka Takeo , Nakamura Kohei , Oba Junna , Hishida Tomoyuki , Hongo Hiroshi , Mikami Shuji , Nishihara Hiroshi , Oya Mototsugu
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Most metastatic prostate cancers acquire the capacity for androgen‐independent growth and become resistant to androgen deprivation therapy. A patient‐focused treatment strategy is needed for aggressive castration‐resistant prostate cancer.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 62‐year‐old man who presented with prostatic adenocarcinoma who was treated by radiation and combined androgen blockade. After completion of first‐line therapy, he was diagnosed with multiple metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer in the lung. Second‐line therapy with abiraterone acetate resulted in partial remission of the lung metastases. Thoracic surgery was performed to remove the single lung metastasis remaining. Next‐generation sequencing of the specimens demonstrated homozygous loss of BRCA2. We note in this case a heterogeneous response to abiraterone acetate may be related to the somatic BRCA2 deletions.

Conclusions

We present the first Japanese case of a metastatic abiraterone acetate‐resistant castration‐resistant prostate cancer accompanied by BRCA2 mutation.
Transcriptomic‐based toxicological investigations of ethanol to human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Liu Xudong , Zhang Yuchao , Liu Liangyu , Zhu Sijie
Published: October 2020

Ethanol has a complex effect on the cardiovascular system in humans, but the systemic effects of ethanol to endothelial cells were rarely investigated. In this study, we exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to 5‐ or 50‐mM ethanol and performed transcriptomics to investigate the systemic effects of ethanol. While these concentrations of ethanol did not significantly affect HUVEC viability, 5‐mM ethanol significantly upregulated and downregulated 59 and 73 genes, respectively, whereas 50‐mM ethanol significantly upregulated and downregulated 50 and 80 genes, respectively. Totally, 37 genes were shared by the two concentrations of ethanol. The most significantly altered gene ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway after 5‐mM ethanol treatment were nucleic acid binding (GO:0003676) and Herpes simplex virus 1 infection (ko05168), respectively, whereas the most significantly altered GO term and KEGG pathway by 50‐mM ethanol treatment were aryl sulfotransferase activity (GO:0004062) and chemical carcinogenesis (ko05204). We further verified that ethanol treatment downregulated the mRNA levels of CD38 molecule (CD38), ORAI calcium release‐activated calcium modulator 2 (ORAI2), cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 (CYSLTR2), key genes involved in calcium signaling pathway (ko04020), as well as integrin subunit alpha 2 (ITGA2), and cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 2 (CREB3L2), key genes involved in PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway (ko04151). The results from this study suggested that ethanol could induce systemic effects and alter signaling pathways in HUVECs.
The experimental and theoretical assessment of biopartitioning micellar liquid chromatography to mimic the drug‐protein binding of some pain‐relief drugs
Authors: Mohammadnia Fatemeh , Fatemi Mohammad Hossein , Taghizadeh Seyed Mojtaba
Published: October 2020

In this work, biopartitioning micellar liquid chromatography (BMLC) was used to the assessment of affinity binding of 13 pain‐relief drugs to human serum albumin (HSA) molecules. The values of BMLC retention factors were determined by aqueous CTAB solution as mobile phase. Then, these values were correlated to some molecular structural descriptors by using a quantitative structure retention relationship methodology. The statistical quality of the obtained models was evaluated by different validation tests. Also, selected descriptors were correlated with protein–drug binding values and resulted in correlation coefficients higher than 0.8. Results indicated that selected descriptors can address the most important structural features influencing the binding affinity of studied drugs to HSA.
The prognostic value of the lysyl oxidase family in ovarian cancer
Authors: Ye Miaomiao , Zhou Junhan , Gao Ying , Pan Shuya , Zhu Xueqiong
Published: October 2020

Background

Our study intended to evaluate the prognostic value of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and its four relevant members, the lysyl oxidase–like genes (LOXL1‐4), in ovarian cancer (OC) patients.

Material and Methods

The Kaplan‐Meier plotter (KM plotter) database was used to investigate the prognostic power of the LOX family for OC patients. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were the clinical endpoints. The prognostic roles of the LOX family in OC patients were also analyzed according to various clinicopathological characteristics, including histological subtypes, clinical stages, pathological grades, and chemotherapeutic treatments.

Results

Overexpression of LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2, and LOXL3 mRNA indicated poor OS and PFS in OC patients, particularly in serous and grade II + III OC patients. Overexpression of LOXL4 mRNA resulted in worse PFS in OC patients. Overexpression of LOX and LOXL1 mRNA showed worse OS and PFS in stage III + IV OC patients, and overexpression of LOXL3 mRNA indicated worse OS and PFS in stage I + II OC patients. Overexpression of LOX, LOXL3, and LOXL4 mRNA indicated worse OS and PFS among OC patients who received platinum, taxol, and taxol + platinum chemotherapy. Overexpression of LOXL1 and LOXL2 mRNA was related to lower OS and PFS in OC patients who received platinum chemotherapy.

Conclusion

LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2, and LOXL3 may become potential predictive markers for negative outcomes in OC patients. Moreover, the LOX family can serve as new molecular predictors for the efficiency of platinum‐based chemotherapy in OC patients.
How does management legacy, nitrogen addition, and nitrification inhibition affect soil organic matter priming and nitrous oxide production?
Authors: Thilakarathna Shakila K. , Hernandez‐Ramirez Guillermo
Published: October 2020

Long‐term management of croplands influences the fluxes and sources of nitrous oxide (N2O). We examined this premise in a greenhouse study by using soils collected from a 38‐yr‐old field experiment. The sampled treatments were continuous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.; CB), continuous fescue (Festuca rubra L., F. arundinacea Schreb; CF), and two phases of an 8‐yr rotation: faba bean (Vicia faba L.; FB) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)–bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) hay. Barley was grown as a test crop in the greenhouse in each soil. The ranking of N2O emissions was hay > FB > CB > CF (P < .001). We quantified the 15N‐site preference to assess the N2O‐producing processes. Denitrification was the predominant source, contributing 77.4% of the N2O production. We also evaluated nitrogen (N) additions: urea alone or urea with a nitrification inhibitor (nitrapyrin or DMPSA). Compared with urea alone, nitrapyrin and DMPSA reduced N2O emissions by 16 and 25%, respectively. We used urea labeled with 15N to trace N to N2O emissions, aboveground plant N uptake, and N retention by soils. Total 15N‐recovery (N2O + plant + soil) was highest under FB (86%) and lowest under CB (29%). We further separated the N2O derived from urea versus N2O from soil organic matter (SOM). The inhibitor DMPSA reduced the N2O derived specifically from added urea‐N by more than half (P < .001). With the addition of urea, N2O production from mineralization of SOM‐N accelerated over the control (without urea), termed the priming effect. This priming of SOM‐N contributed with 13% of the total N2O production when averaged across the four management legacies. The CB soil had the highest proportion of priming‐derived N2O (24%). Management legacies clearly differed in soil carbon and N, which governed N2O production from denitrification and SOM priming.
Effect of nervous stimulation on ovarian steroid secretion in amphibians
Authors: Cisint Susana , Crespo Claudia A. , Iruzubieta Villagra Lucrecia , Fernández Silvia N. , Ramos Inés
Published: October 2020

In the present study, the effect of nerve stimulation on the secretory activity of the ovary of adult females was analyzed for the first time in amphibians. Results revealed that in Rhinella arenarum the stimulation of nerves that supply the gonad induced an increase in estradiol and progesterone secretion, this response showing differences during the reproductive cycle of the species. During the postreproductive period, an increase in estradiol secretion was observed while, in the reproductive period, progesterone secretion increased. Our results suggest that the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system would be responsible for this increase, taking into account that, under our experimental conditions, acetylcholine did not affect the endocrine activity of the gonad, while adrenaline (epinephrine) was effective in inducing steroid secretion an effect that could be due to interaction with β receptors. On the other hand, our data show that the association of adrenaline with follicle‐stimulating hormone increased estradiol secretion during the postreproductive period, while the association of catecholamine with LH or hCG increased progesterone secretion during the reproductive period. Our results would suggest that nerve stimulation, mediated by the release of adrenaline, would act synergistically with gonadotrophins to stimulate steroid secretion.
Accurate prediction of severe postoperative complications after pancreatic surgery: POSSUM vs E‐PASS
Authors: Hayashi Hikota , Kawabata Yasunari , Nishi Takeshi , Kishi Takashi , Nakamura Kosuke , Kaji Shunsuke , Fujii Yusuke , Tajima Yoshitsugu
Published: October 2020

Background/Purpose

Few reports have evaluated the differences in the predictive accuracy between the physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) and estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress (E‐PASS) in pancreatic surgery. Thus, we evaluated the accuracy and similarity of POSSUM and E‐PASS for the prediction of severe postoperative complications (PCs) after pancreatic surgery.

Methods

We enrolled 343 consecutive patients who underwent pancreatic surgery in our department between April 2006 and September 2017. The difference in predictive values of POSSUM and E‐PASS for the occurrence of PCs ≥ Clavien‐Dindo grade IIIa (PCs‐CD ≥ IIIa) was nonparametrically compared. The predictive accuracy and similarity of each tool was examined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and linear regression analyses.

Results

Forty‐five patients developed PCs‐CD ≥ IIIa. E‐PASS had a significantly higher predictive value for estimating PCs‐CD ≥ IIIa occurrence (P = .002) than did POSSUM. The area under the curve value in ROC analysis was significantly higher in E‐PASS than in POSSUM (0.643 vs 0.543, P = .014), with a weak positive correlation in the predictive value between E‐PASS and POSSUM (R2 = .333, P < .001).

Conclusion

Estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress was useful for predicting severe PCs after pancreatic surgery and had a higher accuracy than POSSUM.