bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of subsurface drip irrigation and water retention barrier to effective use of water in rice
Authors: Demirel Kürşad , Çamoğlu Gökhan , Tatar Özgür , Nar Hakan , Boran Ahmet , Eroğlu İlker , Genç Levent
Published: August 2020

Aims: Rice is one of the most applied irrigation waters applied plant among cultivated plants since it is grown in water or in saturated soil conditions in a significant portion of the growing season. This study was aimed to determine the effects of rice grown on water use, development, yield and some yield parameters using of both separately and jointly water retention barriers and subsurface drip irrigation methods in Enez, Edirne, Turkey in 2017.Methods and Results: Four different treatments were applied: ponding ((control(C)), subsurface drip irrigation system (SDI), ponding + water retention barrier (C+WRB) and SDI+WRB in this study. Subsurface drip irrigation laterals were placed 10 cm deep from the soil surface and the WRB was placed at 30 cm deep. Plants were irrigated with a constant water height of 10-15 cm on the soil in C and C+WRB treatments, 20% ± 5% of the available water retention capacity is consumed without exposure to water stress in SDI and SDI+WRB treatments, the field capacity is completed. WRB and SDI applications significantly affected the irrigation water amount, grain yield and yield components of rice. The yield and irrigation water amount according to the treatments varied between 321-715 kg da-1 and 751-2444 mm, respectively. Conclusions: In comparison to the control treatment, water saving was achieved by 27%, 50%, 69% in C+WRB, SDI and SDI + WRB treatments, respectively. Despite this, when marketable yield values are analysed according to the control treatment, it has increased by 10.8% in C+WRB, and decreased by 48.8% and 40.7% in SDI and SDI + WRB treatments. The water retention barriers and subsurface drip irrigation practices used in the study have been shown to reduce the use of irrigation water in rice production.Significance and Impact of the Study: It can be said that these methods have the potential to be used especially in arid and semi-arid regions where water is limited or inadequate.
Determination of population density and infestation rates of peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on early apricot orchards in Mersin province
Authors: Seferoğlu İlker Ahmet , Demirel Nihat
Published: August 2020

﻿Aims: Peach twig borer (PTB), Anarsia lineatella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is one of the important pests of apricot in Turkey. The study was conducted in 2013-2014 to determine the population density and infestation rates of PTB on early apricot orchards in Anamur district of Mersin province in Turkey.Methods and Results: The study was conducted in five early apricot orchards of the villages Kalınören (Trintina), Ören (Trintina), Cerenler I (Nimfa), Cerenler II (Trintina) and İskele (Trintina) of Anamur district. The peach twig borer of pheromone (E-5 Decenyl acetate 5,0 mg/capsul E5 Decenol 1,0 mg/capsul) was used in Econex polillero trap + DDVP impregnated tablet. Each of sampled orchard contained one pheromone trap. The traps were hanged at South-East direction of the trees about 1.5-2 m above ground, checked weekly and the caught adults were counted and cleaned.. Randomly chosen 20 trees’ twigs (20/tree) and fruits (50/tree) were checked, apart from the trap hanging trees, in order to determine the infestation rates. After two years of the study, the population density of pest varied between each sampling year. In the first year, a total of 46 PTB adults were caught by five pheromone traps at five early apricot orchards. The first adults were caught on 14 April, and the highest number of catches was on 12 May. The highest number of PTB adults was in May with 67.4%, followed by April with 32.6%. In the second year, a total of 66 PTB adults were caught by five pheromone traps at five early apricot orchards. The first adults were caught on 13 April, and the highest number of catches was on 11 May. The highest number of PTB adults was in May with 68.2%, followed by in April with 31.8%. It was observed that PTB had one generation and the pest did not cause any significant infestation on early apricot varieties.Conclusions: The highest number of the PTB adults were caught by pheromone traps in May, following in April in both years. The pest had one genaration and not cause any significant infestation on early apricot varieties.Significance and Impact of the Study: The pests were recoved by pheromone traps at all early apricot orchards and the highest number of adults caught in May, following in April. The pest had one genaration and not cause any significant infestation on early apricot varieties.
Asmalarda fungal gövde hastalıklarının araştırılmasında farklı inokulasyon yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması
Authors: Akgül Davut Soner
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Asma gövde hastalıkları, birçok fungal bitki patojeninin neden olduğu kompleks hastalıklardır. Bu çalışmada dört farklı hastalığı (Petri ve Siyah Bacak Hastalığı, Botryosphaeria ve Phomopsis Geriye Ölüm Hastalıkları) temsil eden bazı fungal patojenler için en uygun inokulasyon yönteminin saptanması amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Dactylonectria macrodidyma, Neofusicoccum parvum ve Diaporthe ampelina türü funguslar dormant asma kalemlerine veya yeşil sürgünlere farklı yöntemlerle inokule edilmişlerdir. Dormant kalemlere uygulanan yöntemler; a) kabuk altına miselyal agar disk inokulasyonu, b) tepeden agar disk inokulasyonu, c) ksileme enjeksiyon yöntemi ve d) yeşil sürgünlere agar disk inokulasyonudur. Patojenlerin kalemler ve yeşil sürgünlere inokulasyonunu takiben 2 ay süreyle gelişmelerine izin verilmiş ve sonra dokularda oluşan lezyon uzunlukları ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlara göre tüm patojenler tüm inokulasyon yöntemleriyle, hem dormant kalemler hem de yeşil sürgünler üzerinde lezyonlar meydana getirmiş ancak ölçülen lezyon uzunlukları kullanılan yöntemlere göre farklılık göstermiştir. En uzun lezyonların oluştuğu patojen ve inokulasyon metodu eşleşmesi şu şekilde gerçekleşmiştir; Diaporthe ampelina için yeşil sürgüne miseliyal agar disk inokulasyonu (72.2 mm), D. macrodidyma ve P. chlamydospora için ksileme enjeksiyon (sırasıyla 23.0 ve 66.1 mm) ve Neofusicoccum parvum için kabul altına miseliyal agar disk inokulasyonu (51.5 mm).Genel Yorum: Asmalarda fungal gövde hastalıklarının araştırılmasında birçok araştırmacı tarafından farklı inokulasyon yöntemleri kullanılsa da, patojenisite testlerinin bu çalışmada denenen yöntemlerden herhangi biri ile yapılabileceği ortaya koyulmuştur. Çok sayıda spor üreten türlerle yapılan çalışmalarda, ksileme enjeksiyon yönteminin daha makul sonuçlar vereceği görülmüştür. Miselyal gelişimi güçlü ve piknit üreten türler için ise kabuk altına ya da tepeden agar disk inokulasyon yöntemlerinin daha uygun olduğu anlaşılmıştır.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Bir araştırmada, inokulasyon yönteminin seçimi o araştırmanın sonuçlarını doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarının, asma gövde hastalıkları ile yapılacak araştırmalarda uygun bir inokulasyon yönteminin seçimine yardımcı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Construction Management of EVH & UVH Transmission Lines A Practical Guide
Authors: Sahu Biswanath
Published: August 2020

Generation projects are generally located in areas nearer to availability of inputs required for power generation such as water, coal, approach roads and having rail transport facilities. The load centers are at different locations depending its own convenience load requirement. Hence there is necessity of transmission of bulk power from generation sites to load or consumer points. Hence the utility of power transmission through EHV/UHV transmission lines. Further for transmission of bulk power from one region of country to another region also warrants establishment of Transmission lines. The technical as well as social and commercial criteria are very important while construction and erection of EHV and UHV transmission lines. These issues are of public as well as organization importance and hence efforts have been made in this presentation to elaborate in detail.
The Correlation Between Knowledge and Attitude of the Nurse Towards of Usage Personal Protective Equipment in General Hospital of Pandan
Authors: Purba. Rostianna
Published: August 2020

The efforts of safety and the hazard control can be done in various ways, one of them is by using of or wearing personal protective equipment. The incident of infection at the hospital is one of the problems because it can threaten the health of the patient, medical staffs, and visitors. WHO explain that, about 2,5% of medical staff around the world facing HIV exposure, about 40% facing Hepatitis B exposure and Hepatitis C exposure and many other infection which produce from other the exposure are exist in develop country. This type of research is quantitative by correlation design. The population of this research are all of the nurse in General Hospital of Pandan about 105 persons, by sample about 39 nurses. The results of this study show that the majority of the respondents are using the personal protective equipment as many as 25 persons (64,10%), Chi Square Test was obtained p Value 0.004 (p-<0.05), it means that there is a correlation between the knowledge of the nurse with the use of personal protective equipment. Based on the Chi Square Test was obtained p Value 0.000 (p-<0.05) there is a significant relationship between the attitude of the nurse and the use of personal protective equipment. It is recommended to the all nurses to be always use the personal protective equipment in accordance with standard operational procedures as a safety and hazard control effort
Passenger Control in Smart Cities Using Deep Learning
Authors: T D Delna , Pauly Dhanya P , Johnson Dona , Jose Jesta
Published: August 2020

In the current smart city background, people are facing a lot of accidents at the major traffic points of the business towns due to growing population and vehicles growth in smart and metropolitan cities.In this method we consider the auto taxies as well as the public transport. We know that due to the overload in the vehicles the accidents are increasing day by day so using this method the number of accidents be able to be avoided or reduced. This system is introducing the deep learning approach to find the overload in vehicles. We are considering the luggage that is taken along with the passenger and an average weight is given for the load. Then it is combined with the number of passenger and system will predict whether the vehicle is overload or not. Mainly because of using deep learning concepts we can increase the speed of the process and the efficiency. The system will analyse the number of passengers using real time videos using camera and system detect and compare with the overloading conditions to avoidaccidents.
TÜRKİYE VE BAZI AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜLKELERİ İŞ SAĞLIĞI VE GÜVENLİĞİ STRATEJİ VE POLİTİKALARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KEÇECİ Şenay
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada Avrupa Birliği üyesi bazı ülkeler ile Türkiye’nin iş sağlığı ve güvenliği (İSG) strateji ve politikaları incelenmiş, ülkemizin söz konusu strateji ve politikaları ne ölçüde hayata geçirdiği, İSG strateji ve politikalarına hangi unsurları dahil edebileceğine veya mevcut hangi stratejilerin geliştirilebileceğine dair hususlar incelenmiştir. Avrupa Birliği İSG Stratejileri: Avrupa Birliği’nde iş sağlığı ve güvenliği politikalarının uygulanmasını sağlamak amacıyla bu konuda yapılabilecek ulusal düzeyde çalışmalara yön verebilmek, amaç ve hedeflerin daha açık ifade edilmesini sağlayabilmek için bir politika aracı olarak Avrupa Birliği İSG Stratejileri yayımlanmaktadır. Bu stratejiler, belirli bir döneme ait olarak geliştirilir ve bu döneme ilişkin hedefler açıkça belirtilir. Yapılan çalışmada tarama modeli yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Almanya, Fransa, Belçika, Yunanistan, Malta ve Polonya olmak üzere seçilen bazı AB üye ülkeleri ile Türkiye’nin ulusal İSG strateji ve politikaları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. AB üyesi ülkeler Almanya, Fransa, Yunanistan, Polonya’da olduğu gibi kas ve iskelet sistemi hastalıklarının önlenmesi, ISG mevzuatının kamu ve özel sektör ayrımı gözetilmeksizin tüm çalışanları kapsaması, gürültü maruziyeti ve kontrolüne yönelik hedeflerin Türkiye ulusal İSG stratejisi kapsamında yer alması ile iş sağlığı ve güvenliğine çok önemli katkılar sağlanacağı düşünülmektedir.
ISI STRESİ VE SIVI ALIMININ ÇALIŞAN SAĞLIĞI VE GÜVENLİĞİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: ÜNER Mete Han , YILMAZ İlkay
Published: August 2020

Yüksek sıcaklıklarda çalışan işçiler için en önemli sorunlardan birisi de ısı stresinin ortaya koyduğu sıvı elektrolit dengesizlikleridir. Yüksek ısı, dehidratasyon gibi etkiler; iş kazaları, işçi performansı ve meslek hastalıklarıyla yakından ilişkilidir. Çeşitli iş kollarında yapılan araştırmalar, işçilerin çalışma esnasında yeteri kadar sıvı almadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle yüksek mesleki ısıya maruz kalan ve fiziksel açıdan ağır işlerde çalışan işçilerin sağlık ve güvenlikleri risk altındadır. Araştırmalar; yeterli, dengeli ve uygun sıvı alımının işçi sağlığı, güvenliği ve iş verimliliği üzerinde olumlu etkilere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Yeterli sıvı alımı iş kazalarının ve meslek hastalıklarının azaltılmasında önemli bir faktör olabilir. Tüketilen sıvının sıklığı ve miktarı kadar türü de önem arz etmektedir. Bununla birlikte sıvı ihtiyacının karşılanmasında en temel besin maddesinin su olduğu unutulmamalıdır. Bu çalışmada ısı stresinin oluşturduğu sıvı elektrolit dengesizliklerinin iş sağlığı ve güvenliği üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak iş kazalarının ve meslek hastalıklarının azaltılması ve iş verimliliğin artırılması için işçi beslenmesinin düzenlenmesi gerekir. Bu düzenlenme çalışma koşullarına göre uzman kişilerce yapılmalıdır.
GIDA ÜRÜNLERİ ÜRETİMİNDE HİJYEN KAVRAMINA FARKLI BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: PARLAK Turgay
Published: August 2020

Temizlik hijyenin temeldir. İlk olarak insanla başlar ve kişisel hijyeni oluşturur. Aile ortamında öğrenilen bu temizlik alışkanlıkları, zamanla şekillenerek (okul, çevre vb.) belirli bir düzene oturur ve rutin davranış halini alır. Kişisel hijyen uygulamaları, gıda ürünleri imalatında gıda güvenliği (gıda hijyen ve sanitasyonu) uygulamalarının önemli bir adımını oluşturur. Gıda güvenliği, ham madde temininden, tüketicilerin ürünü tüketmesi aşamasına kadar olan süreçlerde en önemli kalite kriterlerinden biridir. Gıda güvenliğinin sağlanması için yapılan teknik ve teknolojik uygulamalar güvenilir, kaliteli ve sağlıklı gıda ürünlerinin elde edilmesinde önemlidir. Gıda güvenliğinin yanı sıra, faaliyetler esnasında korunması gereken diğer önemli unsur çalışanlardır. Çalışma ortamının güvenli hale getirilmesi ve çalışanların sağlıklarının korunması adına iş hijyeni uygulamaları devreye girmektedir. Birbirinden farklı gibi gözüken bu üç ifade esas itibariyle birbirini içeren, tamamlayan özelliğe sahiptir. Hepsinin temel unsuru insandır. Kişisel hijyen toplumun temel taşı olan bireyin sağlığını korunması için önemlidir. Gıda hijyeni tüketici olarak insanın sağlığını korumayı amaçlar. İş hijyeni ise üretici yani çalışan olarak insanın sağlığının korunmasını hedefler.Bu çalışmada hijyen; kişisel hijyen, gıda hijyen ve sanitasyonu (gıda güvenliği) ve iş hijyeni olarak üçe ayrılmış ve ayrıntılı olarak tanımlamaları yapılmıştır. Ayrıca kişisel hijyen, gıda hijyen ve sanitasyonu (teknik ve teknolojik uygulamalar, gıda güvenliği ile bağlantılı standart ve kalite yönetim sistemleri, gıda güvenliği üzerine etkili diğer hususlar, vb.) ve iş hijyeni için yapılan uygulamalar hakkında bilgilendirme ve değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.
Tycho: Realistically Simulating Exoplanets within Stellar Clusters. I. Improving the Monte Carlo Approach
Authors: Glaser Joseph P. , McMillan Stephen L. W. , Geller Aaron M. , Thornton Jonathan D. , Giovinazzi Mark R.
Published: August 2020

To fully understand the diverse population of exoplanets, we must study their early lives within open clusters, the birthplace of most stars with masses >0.5M
⊙ (including those currently in the field). Indeed, when we observe planets within clustered environments, we notice highly eccentric and odd systems that suggest the importance of dynamical pathways created by interactions with additional bodies (as in the case of HD 285507b). However, it has proven difficult to investigate these effects, as many current numerical solvers for the multi-scale N-body problem are simplified and limited in scope. To remedy this, we aim to create a physically complete computational solution to explore the role of stellar close encounters and interplanetary interactions in producing the observed exoplanet populations for both open cluster stars and field stars. We present a new code, Tycho, which employs a variety of different computational techniques, including multiple N-body integration methods, close encounter handling, modified Monte Carlo scattering experiments, and a variety of empirically informed initial conditions. We discuss the methodology in detail, and its implementation within the AMUSE software framework. Approximately 1% of our systems are promptly disrupted by star-star encounters contributing to the rogue planets occurrence rate. Additionally, we find that close encounters which that perturb long-period planets lead to 38.3% of solar-system-like planetary systems becoming long-term unstable.
A Mystery in Chamaeleon: Serendipitous Discovery of a Galactic Symbiotic Nova
Authors: Lancaster Lachlan , Greene Jenny E. , Ting Yuan-Sen , Koposov Sergey E. , Pope Benjamin J. S. , Beaton Rachael L.
Published: August 2020

We present the serendipitous discovery of a low optical-luminosity nova occurring in a D-type symbiotic binary star system in the Milky Way. We lay out the extensive archival data alongside new follow-up observations related to the stellar object CN Cha in the constellation of Chamaeleon. The object had long period (250 days), high amplitude (3 mag) optical variability in its recent past, preceding an increase in optical brightness by 8 magnitudes and a persistence at this brightness for about 3 yr, followed by a period of 1.4 mag yr−1 dimming. The object’s current optical luminosity seems to be dominated by Hα emission, which also exhibits blueshifted absorption (a P-Cygni-like profile). After consideration of a number of theories to explain these myriad observations, we determine that CN Cha is most likely a symbiotic (an evolved-star–white-dwarf binary) system that has undergone a long-duration, low optical brightness, nova, placing it squarely in the class of so-called “slow novae,” of which there are only a few known examples. The duration of the optical plateau in CN Cha would make it the shortest timescale plateau of any known slow symbiotic novae.
Clarissa Family Age from the Yarkovsky Effect Chronology
Authors: Lowry Vanessa C. , Vokrouhlický David , Nesvorný David , Campins Humberto
Published: August 2020

The Clarissa family is a small collisional family composed of primitive C-type asteroids. It is located in a dynamically stable zone of the inner asteroid belt. In this work we determine the formation age of the Clarissa family by modeling planetary perturbations as well as thermal drift of family members due to the Yarkovsky effect. Simulations were carried out using the SWIFT-RMVS4 integrator modified to account for the Yarkovsky and Yarkovsky–O’Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack (YORP) effects. We ran multiple simulations starting with different ejection velocity fields of fragments, varying proportion of initially retrograde spins, and also tested different Yarkovsky/YORP models. Our goal was to match the observed orbital structure of the Clarissa family which is notably asymmetrical in the proper semimajor axis, a
p. The best fits were obtained with the initial ejection velocities ≲20 m s−1 of diameter D ≃ 2 km fragments, ∼4:1 preference for spin-up by YORP, and assuming that ≃80% of small family members initially had retrograde rotation. The age of the Clarissa family was found to be t
age = 56 ± 6 Myr for the assumed asteroid density ρ = 1.5 g cm−3. Small variation of density to smaller or larger value would lead to slightly younger or older age estimates. This is the first case where the Yarkovsky effect chronology has been successfully applied to an asteroid family younger than 100 Myr.
Predictions of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Galactic Exoplanet Survey. II. Free-floating Planet Detection Rates*
Authors: Johnson Samson A. , Penny Matthew , Gaudi B. Scott , Kerins Eamonn , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Robin Annie C. , Calchi Novati Sebastiano , Henderson Calen B.
Published: August 2020

The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman) will perform a Galactic Exoplanet Survey (RGES) to discover bound exoplanets with semimajor axes greater than 1 au using gravitational microlensing. Roman will even be sensitive to planetary-mass objects that are not gravitationally bound to any host star. Such free-floating planetary-mass objects (FFPs) will be detected as isolated microlensing events with timescales shorter than a few days. A measurement of the abundance and mass function of FFPs is a powerful diagnostic of the formation and evolution of planetary systems, as well as the physics of the formation of isolated objects via direct collapse. We show that Roman will be sensitive to FFP lenses that have masses from that of Mars (0.1 M
⊕) to gas giants (M ≳ 100 M
⊕) as isolated lensing events with timescales from a few hours to several tens of days, respectively. We investigate the impact of the detection criteria on the survey, especially in the presence of finite-source effects for low-mass lenses. The number of detections will depend on the abundance of such FFPs as a function of mass, which is at present poorly constrained. Assuming that FFPs follow the fiducial mass function of cold, bound planets adapted from Cassan et al., we estimate that Roman will detect ∼250 FFPs with masses down to that of Mars (including ∼60 with masses ≤ M
⊕). We also predict that Roman will improve the upper limits on FFP populations by at least an order of magnitude compared to currently existing constraints.
Transits of Known Planets Orbiting a Naked-eye Star
Authors: Kane Stephen R. , Yalçınkaya Selçuk , Osborn Hugh P. , Dalba Paul A. , Nielsen Louise D. , Vanderburg Andrew , Močnik Teo , Hinkel Natalie R. , Ostberg Colby , Esmer Ekrem Murat , Udry Stéphane , Fetherolf Tara , Baştürk Özgür , Ricker George R. , Vanderspek Roland , Latham David W. , Seager Sara , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Allart Romain , Bailey Jeremy , Bean Jacob L. , Bouchy Francois , Butler R. Paul , Campante Tiago L. , Carter Brad D. , Daylan Tansu , Deleuil Magali , Diaz Rodrigo F. , Dumusque Xavier , Ehrenreich David , Horner Jonathan , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Jones Hugh R. A. , Kristiansen Martti H. , Lovis Christophe , Marcy Geoffrey W. , Marmier Maxime , O’Toole Simon J. , Pepe Francesco , Ragozzine Darin , Ségransan Damien , Tinney C. G. , Turnbull Margaret C. , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Wright Duncan J. , Wright Jason T.
Published: August 2020

Some of the most scientifically valuable transiting planets are those that were already known from radial velocity (RV) surveys. This is primarily because their orbits are well characterized and they preferentially orbit bright stars that are the targets of RV surveys. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) provides an opportunity to survey most of the known exoplanet systems in a systematic fashion to detect possible transits of their planets. HD 136352 (Nu2 Lupi) is a naked-eye (V = 5.78) G-type main-sequence star that was discovered to host three planets with orbital periods of 11.6, 27.6, and 108.1 days via RV monitoring with the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) spectrograph. We present the detection and characterization of transits for the two inner planets of the HD 136352 system, revealing radii of

R
⊕ and

R
⊕ for planets b and c, respectively. We combine new HARPS observations with RV data from the Keck/High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer and the Anglo-Australian Telescope, along with TESS photometry from Sector 12, to perform a complete analysis of the system parameters. The combined data analysis results in extracted bulk density values of

g cm−3 and

g cm−3 for planets b and c, respectively, thus placing them on either side of the radius valley. The combination of the multitransiting planet system, the bright host star, and the diversity of planetary interiors and atmospheres means this will likely become a cornerstone system for atmospheric and orbital characterization of small worlds.
Discovery of the first succulent bamboo (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) in a new genus from Laos’ karst areas, with a unique adaptation to seasonal drought
Authors: Haevermans Thomas , Mantuano Dulce , Zhou Meng-Yuan , Lamxay Vichith , Haevermans Agathe , Blanc Patrick , Li De-Zhu
Published: August 2020

Lush jungle flagship species, woody bamboos (Poaceae–Bambusoideae) are famed for their synchronous flowering as well as the extensive “bamboo forests” some species can form in tropical or temperate environments. In portions of their natural distribution, Bambusoideae members developed various adaptations to seasonality in environmental parameters, such as frost or seasonal drought. A new taxon,Laobambos calcareus, described here, is extremely novel in showing the first documented case of succulence in bamboos, with its ability to seasonally vary the volume of its stem depending on the quantity of water stored. Anatomical studies presented in this paper document this specificity at the cellular level. Though no flowers or fruits are known yet, unique morphological characteristics along with an investigation of its phylogenetic affinities using molecular data show that this new taxon should belong to a new genus herein described.
New species of Anthurium Schott (Araceae) from the Kõkõi Eujã Natural Traditional Reserve of the Pacific coast, Cauca Department, Colombia
Authors: Sánchez-Taborda Jhon A. , Llano-Almario Martin , Zuluaga-Tróchez Alejandro
Published: August 2020

The Kõkõi Eujã Natural Traditional Reserve was created in 2019 to protect the golden poison frog (Phyllobates terribilis Myers, Daly & Malkin, 1978) in the Cauca Department of Colombia. As part of the biodiversity inventory of the reserve a new species of Anthurium with scandent habit was discovered. The new species is endemic to Colombia and it is more similar to A. caldodsonii Croat, A. boekei Croat, and A. scandens (Aubl.) Engl., but differs by having widely lanceolate leaves with acuminate apex, cuneate base, and acrodromous venation with three pairs of basal veins.
L’art brut, le « travail de culture » dans l’institution totalitaire
Authors: Di Rocco Vincent
Published: August 2020

« L’art brut », issu des asiles psychiatriques, n’est pas seulement une création ignorante des codes, comme le propose J. Dubuffet, ou une création de la folie, pour les aliénistes du xix e  siècle, il forme une modalité de réponse à l’emprise totalitaire définie par E. Goffman. Il n’est pas non plus possible de réduire ces œuvres à une forme d’adaptation secondaire utilisée pour l’interné pour résister aux prescriptions institutionnelles. Ces créations de la solitude et du secret représentent une des formes du « travail de culture » opérant une réduction de la « mésinscription », par la restauration paradoxale d’un ordre symbolique grâce à des créations artistiques singulières. Les évolutions institutionnelles qui ont suivi la fin de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale ont entraîné la disparition progressive de ce type de création, au profit de l’apparition de médiations thérapeutiques. La présence d’un tiers et d’un dispositif clinique instaurant les possibilités d’une relation transférentielle restitue au processus créateur sa dimension d’adresse et de symbolisation, sortant les sujets de leur condition « d’infirme du signe » dans laquelle les reléguaient les institutions asilaires.
Analyse de la pratique dans un contexte interculturel, le cas d’une ONG africaine
Authors: Bansard Nolhan , Gratton Emmanuel
Published: August 2020

Depuis quelques années, l’Afrique semble ouvrir ses portes au tourisme social et au tourisme solidaire , permettant ainsi aux étrangers d’intégrer temporairement, selon leurs motivations et leurs projets, des associations ou des organisations non gouvernementales, croisant ainsi des désirs de voyage avec des désirs d’investissements humanitaires. De plus, depuis 2010, la jeunesse française peut désormais s’investir, grâce au service civique, dans des projets internationaux. Une nouvelle passerelle est créée. Devant l’affluence croissante du nombre d’internationaux au sein d’une ong africaine, des dysfonctionnements et des troubles émergent entre les professionnels locaux et les intervenants étrangers. Nous proposons d’étudier ces dysfonctionnements, mais également d’y formuler une réponse à travers la mise en place innovante et expérimentale de groupes d’analyse de la pratique. Dans ce contexte interculturel, le dispositif groupal doit donc s’adapter à son originalité : l’interculturalité des pratiques et des pratiquants.
Effects of Air Temperature on Combustion Characteristics of LPG Diffusion Flame
Authors: Salman Ahmed M. , Ibrahim Ibrahim A. , Gad Hamada M. , Farag Tharwat M.
Published: August 2020

In the present study, the combustion characteristics of LPG gaseous fuel diffusion flame at elevated air temperatures were experimentally investigated. An experimental test rig was manufactured to examine a wide range of operating conditions. The investigated parameters are the air temperatures of 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 K with constant percentage of nitrogen addition in combustion air stream of 5 % to give low oxygen concentration of 18.3 % by mass at constant air swirl number, air to fuel mass ratio, and thermal load of 1.5, 30, and 23 kW, respectively. The gaseous combustion characteristics were represented as axial and radial temperatures distributions, temperatures gradient, visible flame length and species concentrations. The results indicated that as the air temperature increased, the chemical reaction rate increased and flame volume decreased, the combustion time reduced leading to a reduction in flame length. The NO concentration reaches its maximum values near the location of the maximum centerline axial temperature. Increasing the combustion air temperature by 200 K, the NO consequently O2 concentrations are increased by about % 355 and 20 % respectively, while CO2 and CO concentrations are decreased by about % 21 and 99 % respectively, at the combustor end.
The Effect of Using Baffles on the Rate of Mass Transfer of a Cylindrical Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Shokry Fathy , El-Gayar Dina Ahmed , El-Fattah Marwa Abd , Farag H.A. , Sedahmed Gomaa H.
Published: August 2020

Owing to the high mixing capacity, the stirred tank reactor is the key class of reactors in the chemical process industry and pharmaceutical industry. The mass transport nature of a batch stirred tank reactor with a fixed copper wall with a cylinder form was studied using copper dissolution in acidified dichromate which is controlled by diffusion. Variables analyzed included the speed of rotation of the impeller, the shape of the impeller and the physical specifications of the solution and the existence of baffles. The data were correlated for the conditions 3667.323 < Re < 34993.18 and 960 < Sc < 1364, for radial flow by the equation: Sh =0.3453 *Sc1/3*Re0.66 but for axial flow by the equation: Sh =0.5866 *Sc1/3*Re0.59. Through speed of rotation of the impeller increases,it allows the rate of mass transfer from the fixed bed to the solution to rise. The radial-flow turbine is more effective than the axial-flow turbine in increasing the rate of mass transfer. The usage of baffles plays a significant role in rising the rate of mass transfer. Using baffles; the correlation will be Sh =0.0769 *Sc1/3*Re0.84 for radial flow and Sh =0.1157 *Sc1/3*Re0.78 for axial flow. The purpose of this research is to estimate the rate of mass transport that can be required in corrosive reactions, and also to maximize the mass transfer rate that can be achieved in other processes, such as electroplating in presence of baffles.
Removal of Copper Ions from Wastewater by Ion Exchange Resin Using Pulsation Technique
Authors: El-Halim Esraa Hashem Abd , El-Gayar Dina Ahmed , Farag Hasan
Published: August 2020

The rate of removal of heavy metal Copper ion (Cu 2+) from synthetic wastewater was studied using an ion exchange resin and pulsation technique. Variables examined were initial concentration of (Cu 2+), ratio of mass of resin to solution liquid volume, frequency, amplitude and geometry of the disc responsible for the pulsation motion. The results were presented mathematically by using the dimensionless analysis and the mass transfer correlation was obtained also Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were examined where the date fits Freundlich adsorption isotherms more than Langmuir adsorption isotherms. It is concluded that percentage of (Cu 2+) removal decreases as initial concentration of (Cu 2+) presented increases and increases with contact time, frequency (rpm), amplitudes and mass of resin per unit volume of solution.
Biochar Synthesis for Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review
Authors: Kumi Andy G. , Ibrahim Mona G. , Nasr Mahmoud , Fujii Manabu
Published: August 2020

Excess sludge generated from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can cause negative impacts on human health, water bodies, aquatic plants, and soil quality. However, the produced sludge could be appropriately managed to obtain various economic and environmental benefits. One of the feasible and practical options of sludge management is the synthesize of biochar via oxygen-limited pyrolysis. The use of biochar adsorbent for pollutant removal offers various advantages such as high adsorption capability, low operating and chemical costs, no production of toxins. Hence, this study addresses the applications of sewage sludge-derived biochar for industrial wastewater treatment. The methods of sludge collection, drying, pulverization, and pyrolysis are illustrated. Biochar characterization methods (SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR analyses) and mechanisms of the adsorption process are described. The sludge-derived biochar could be used as an adsorptive material for industrial effluent treatment. Recommendations for future studies that could enhance the adsorption capacity of biochar and modified-biochar are given.
Towards Potential Removal of Malachite Green from Wastewater: Adsorption Process Optimization and Prediction
Authors: Ali Rehab M. , Hassaan Mohamed A. , Elkatory Marwa R.
Published: August 2020

Granular activated carbon (GAC) is utilized as an adsorbent for the malachite green (MG) dye removal from aqueous solutions. The GAC was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to realize the GAC chemical and physical features effects on the adsorption efficiency. Batch adsorption processes were carried out with different variables like pH, GAC dose, initial MG concentration and time. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the experiments, model the adsorption process, optimize the operating conditions and predict the response. A 24 full factorial central composite design (CCD) was performed for the experimental design and the analysis of the results. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to determine the significance of the factors and explore the interaction between the various experimental parameters. An empirical model was derived to correlate the experimental results and predict the behavior of the GAC for the adsorption process. The model showed a good agreement with the experimental results of R2 = 0.9968 and evidenced that the optimum operating parameters are pH 10, 2 g GAC/L, 200 mg/L of MG initial concentration and 113 min adsorption time for complete removal of MG.
A Study on Bio-Diesel and Jet Fuel Blending for the Production of Renewable Aviation Fuel
Authors: El-Maghraby Rehab M.
Published: August 2020

Aviation industry is considered one of the contributors to atmospheric CO2emissions. It is forced to cut off carbon dioxide emission starting 2020. Current trends in bio-jet production involve mega projects with million dollars of investments. In this study, bio-jet fuel production by blending bio-diesel with traditional jet fuel at different concentrations of bio-diesel (5, 10, 15, 20 vol. %) was investigated. This blending technique will reduce bio-jet production cost compared to other bio-jet techniques. Bio-diesel was originally produced by the transesterification of non-edible vegetable oil (renewable sources), so, its blend with jet fuel will has a reduced carbon foot print. The blend was tested to ensure that the end product will meet the ASTM D1655 international specifications for Jet A-1 and Jet A and can be used in aircrafts.Available data on biodiesel blending with jet fuel in the literature is not consistent, there are many contradictory results. Hence, more investigations are required using locally available feedstocks. The main physicochemical properties for Jet A-1 and Jet A according to ASTM D1655 were tested to check if the blend will be compatible with existing turbojet engine systems. Different tests were conducted; vacuum distillation, smoke point, kinematic viscosity, density, flash point, total acidity and freezing point. In addition, heating value of the blend was calculated. The result was then compared with calculated value using blending indices available in the literature. Blending indices were able to predict the laboratory measured specifications for the studied blends.It was found that only 5% bio-diesel- 95% jet fuel blend (B5) meets ASTM standard for Jet A. Hence, biodiesel can be safely used as a blend with fossil-based jet for a concentration of up to 5% without any change in the ASTM specifications. Freezing point is the most important constrain for this blending technique. Higher blends of biodiesel will cause the bio-jet blend to fail ASTM specifications. In general, blending technique will reduce the cost impact that may have been incurred due to change in infrastructure when using other production techniques.
Neonatal and Children’s Immune System and COVID-19: Biased Immune Tolerance versus Resistance Strategy
Authors: Elahi Shokrollah
Published: August 2020

The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has emerged as a major global health concern. Although susceptible to infection, recent evidence indicates mostly asymptomatic or mild presentation of the disease in infants, children, and adolescents. Similar observations were made for acute respiratory infections caused by other coronaviruses (severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome). These observations suggest that the immune system behaves differently in children than adults. Recent developments in the field demonstrated fundamental differences in the neonatal immune system as compared with adults, whereby infants respond to microorganisms through biased immune tolerance rather than resistance strategies. Similarly, more frequent/recent vaccinations in children and younger populations may result in trained immunity. Therefore, the physiological abundance of certain immunosuppressive cells, a tightly regulated immune system, and/or exposure to attenuated vaccines may enhance trained immunity to limit excessive immune reaction to COVID-19 in the young.
Comparison between two different concentrations of a fixed dose of ropivacaine in interscalene brachial plexus block for pain management after arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lee Seung Cheol , Jeong Joon Ho , Jeong Seong Yeop , Kim Sung Wan , Chung Chan Jong , Choi So Ron , Kim Jeong Ho , Park Sang Yoong
Published: August 2020

Background: Only a few studies have evaluated the differences between varying concentrations of a fixed dose of local anesthetics. This study was conducted to compare the effects of two different concentrations of a fixed dose of ropivacaine used in ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block. Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind study included 62 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were randomly assigned to receive ultrasound-guided interscalene block with 75 mg of ropivacaine at one of two concentrations: 0.75% (10 ml; group C) or 0.375% (20 ml; group V). Time to onset of sensory blockade, degree of blockade, pulmonary function changes, analgesic duration of the interscalene block, postoperative opioid requirement within 24 h, postoperative pain scores, satisfaction, and incidence of complications were recorded. Results: Although the time to onset of sensory blockade was shorter for group C (P = 0.015), successful blockade was achieved at 30 min after the interscalene block in both groups. The analgesic duration of the interscalene block was not significantly different between the groups. The amount of opioid used within 24 h after surgery was significantly reduced for group V compared with group C (P = 0.016). The rest of the parameters did not show any significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion: Compared with 10 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine, interscalene block with 20 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine could be effective for the reduction of postoperative opioid requirement within 24 h after surgery despite it might not prolong the analgesic duration.
La utilización de las estrategias de aprendizaje en el proceso educativo
Authors: Rosales Tzoc Leidy Lilien
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo presenta el estudio de las estrategias de aprendizaje, realizado en la Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Actividad Física y el Deporte ECTAFIDE del programa de Formación Inicial Docente de Educación Física FID/EF de la Escuela de Psicología de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, sede Sololá, con los estudiantes del segundo, cuarto y sexto ciclo de la carrera de profesorado en Educación Física, con el objetivo de analizar la utilización de las estrategias de aprendizaje en el proceso educativo de los estudiantes. Para el efecto se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo de investigación y alcance exploratorio como procedimiento para recolectar, analizar y comprender el presente estudio, la técnica utilizada fue la encuesta dirigida a 47 estudiantes.Los resultados obtenidos de la investigación reflejan que solamente el 28% de estudiantes utiliza las estrategias de elaboración, más de la mitad de ellos, es decir el 55% utilizan con más frecuencia las estrategias de ensayo, el 62% emplean las estrategias de organización y el 60% las estrategias metacognitivas. Esto apoya la necesidad de que los docentes orienten a los estudiantes y diseñen actividades que involucren el uso de estrategias de elaboración que son las menos utilizadas, con estas estrategias se van consolidando relaciones significativas entre los conocimientos previos y la nueva información, por ello para obtener una auténtica interpretación, el sujeto debe reelaborar el material en las tareas de aprendizaje.
Reflection of Sexual Morality in Literature and Art
Authors: Zhao Jialin , Feldbacher Rainer
Published: August 2020

Tocqueville, in his book “Democracy in America”, talked about the concept of sexual morality, introduced it into his newpolitical science, and reflected on the situation of social morality before and after the French Revolution with the help of hisinvestigation of American social morality. From the end of the 19th century to late 20th century, the development of sexualmorality in the US and France has undergone different changes. In France before and after the Revolution, sexual ethicsshowed a very different picture, from palace porn culture and pornography before the Revolution to revolutionary moralethics during the revolutionary period and to sexual ethics after the revolution. The US turned from the Puritans' sexualmorality in the early 18th century to the sexual liberation movement in the 19th and 20th centuries. From the historicalexperience of the US and France, we can see three basic forms of sexual morality: the state of greed, the state of politics, andthe state of holy love. The revolutions were not only initiating the construction of democracy, but also changed the definitionof its most basic figure that is the individual. This paper places sexual morality in the three dimensions of reality, politics andreligion. Taking The United States and France as examples, with the help of textual analysis and comparison, thedevelopment course, different forms and contemporary values of sexual morality will be explored.
Congenital biliary web- a rare cause of obstructive jaundice in an infant: A case report
Authors: Ditta Allah , Mirza Muhammad Bilal , Waqas-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Fahim Maria , Satar Farrakh Mehmood , Talat Nabila
Published: August 2020

Background: Congenital biliary web of the extra-hepatic biliary tree is becoming exceedingly rare cause of obstructive jaundice in children.
Case Presentation: We report a case of 5-month-old male baby who presented with acholic stools and persistent jaundice since birth. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed contracted gall bladder and focal narrowing at mid portion of the common bile duct (CBD) with proximal dilatation of biliary channels. On exploration, a complete web was found just proximal to the confluence of cystic duct and common hepatic duct causing complete obstruction of biliary tree. A Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy was done. Postoperative recovery was uneventful.
Conclusion: We conclude that congenital biliary web is a rare entity and should be considered in the dif­ferential diagnosis of biliary atresia.
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in the Riverine Southwestern Ondo State of Nigeria: An Eight Year Review
Authors: Obonna GC , Obonna MC
Published: August 2020

Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is a notable advancement in the diagnosis of diseases in the digestive tract. It offers the advantage of biopsy and a range of cost-effective therapeutic options. The aim of this research was to study the range of GI endoscopy procedures, indications, spectrum of findings and outcome of GI endoscopy in a typical private specialist gastroenterology institution in a developing country. This was a cross sectional observational study of patients referred for GI endoscopy to a referral health facility in southern Ondo, Ondo state, Nigeria from February 2012 to February 2020. The variables studied were demographics of the patients, indication, the type of endoscopic procedure carried out and outcome. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Four hundred and ninety-six cases of endoscopy were performed during the study period comprising 313(63.1%) males and 183(36.1) females. The age range was 15 months - 86years (mean age of 48.9 ± 16.2 years). Upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding were the commonest indications for endoscopy referral - 181 (36.5%). The range of procedures performed included oesophagogastroduodenoscopy 266 (52.8%) and colonoscopy 177 (35.9%); the therapeutic procedures carried out ranged from sclerotherapy 35(7.0%), polypectomy 24(5.0%), band ligation 6(1.0%), foreign body retrieval 6(1.0%) to a case of endoscopic mucosal resection EMR In our experience, the practice is safe with a high diagnostic yield and therapeutic achievement.