bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Article
Authors: Saucier Jean-Francois
Published: May 2017

The social perception of mental illness cannot be correctly evaluated on the basis of superficial investigations and questionnaires alone: a parallel study on social pattern of behaviour towards the mentally ill is required. Those who are handicapped mentally are usually identified as such in all types of societies. The initial reaction to pronounced evidence of mental illness is a sense of uneasiness within the group for it would appear that it is the social group which is in danger rather than the insane man who is dangerous. The institutionalized reaction which follows varies from culture to culture. In all societies, however, it is characterized by a basic ambivalence where rejection and protection alternate in a strange way. The ambiguity of this attitude is in relation to the maintenance of an acceptable social conscience.

The family, for instance, will take every possible precaution to conceal the presence of a mentally handicapped member from the neighbours. When he can no longer be controlled, he is driven away, he is ostracized outside the city walls. Studies have shown a stable correlation between racial prejudices and intolerance towards the mentally ill. Even the Bible (Leviticus 20: 27) shows a rejection of the latter. And this had a disastrous repercussion in the Middle-Ages at the time of the Inquisition. Even nowadays, the difficulties encountered by a former inmate in his readjustement to community living are well known.

On the other hand, instances of protection are found in all cultures. From taboos which prevent primitive societies from putting the mentally ill to death, the institution of asylums in the Middle-Ages, Pinel's reforms and the open door policy in the last century, to the recent integration of psychiatry into the general hospitals and the discovery of new therapies, a slow but constant progress has been taking place including the integration of mental health services into community life.

This succession of reforms and progress may lead one to believe that a final victory over secular prejudices has been won. However, recent studies show that only limited results have been achieved through intensive propaganda aimed at convincing the public that mental illness is a disease like any other disease. Therefore, it would appear that our goals should rather be: 1) To stimulate by every possible means the identification process of the average citizen to the mentally ill by the publication of expatients' personal experiences as for example Clifford Beers' and J. Charles Pagés. 2) To neutralize as much as possible the projection of aggressive affects and thus help free the mentally ill from the role of a scapegoat so often imposed upon him.
Protracted Vomiting following Abrupt Cessation of Psychotropics: A Case Report
Authors: Kalman Thomas , Warner Gloria Marmar
Published: May 2017

The case of a 23–year-old patient treated with haloperidol, imipramine, and benztropine mesylate is presented to illustrate an unusually severe reaction to the abrupt cessation of neuroleptic medication. In addition to the description of the withdrawal reaction, a possible explanation of the clinical phenomenon is offered.
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals—Mechanisms of action on male reproductive system
Authors: Sidorkiewicz Iwona , Zaręba Kamil , Wołczyński Sławomir , Czerniecki Jan
Published: May 2017

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous compounds that can cause disturbances in the endocrine system and have multiple harmful effects on health by targeting different organs and systems in the human body. Mass industrial production and widespread use of EDCs have resulted in worldwide contamination. Accumulating evidence suggest that human exposure to EDCs is related to the impairment of male reproductive function and can interrupt other hormonally regulated metabolic processes, particularly if exposure occurs during early development. Investigation of studies absent in previous reviews and meta-analysis of adverse effects of EDCs on functioning of the male reproductive system is the core of this work. Four main modes of action of EDCs on male fertility have been summarized in this review. First, studies describing estrogen- pathway disturbing chemicals are investigated. Second, androgen-signaling pathway alterations and influence on androgen sensitive tissues are examined. Third, evaluation of steroidogenesis dysfunction is discussed by focusing on the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway, which is targeted by EDCs. Last, the reportedly destructive role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on sperm function is discussed. Spermatogenesis is a remarkably complex process, hence multiple studies point out various dysfunctions depending on the development state at which the exposure occurred. Collected data show the need to account for critical windows of exposure such as fetal, perinatal and pubertal periods as well as effects of mixtures of several compounds in future research.
Daily Rhythm in Plasma N-acetyltryptamine
Authors: Backlund Peter S. , Urbanski Henryk F. , Doll Mark A. , Hein David W. , Bozinoski Marjan , Mason Christopher E. , Coon Steven L. , Klein David C.
Published: May 2017

Normal physiology undergoes 24-h changes in function that include daily rhythms in circulating hormones, most notably melatonin and cortical steroids. This study focused on N-acetyltryptamine, a little-studied melatonin receptor mixed agonist-antagonist and the likely evolutionary precursor of melatonin. The central issue addressed was whether N-acetyltryptamine is physiologically present in the circulation. N-acetyltryptamine was detected by LC-MS/MS in daytime plasma of 3 different mammals in subnanomolar levels (mean ± SEM: rat, 0.29 ± 0.05 nM, n = 5; rhesus macaque, 0.54 ± 0.24 nM, n = 4; human, 0.03 ± 0.01 nM, n = 32). Analysis of 24-h blood collections from rhesus macaques revealed a nocturnal increase in plasma N-acetyltryptamine (p < 0.001), which varied from 2- to 15-fold over daytime levels among the 4 animals studied. Related RNA sequencing studies indicated that the transcript encoding the tryptamine acetylating enzyme arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is expressed at similar levels in the rhesus pineal gland and retina, thereby indicating that either tissue could contribute to circulating N-acetyltryptamine. The evidence that N-acetyltryptamine is a physiological component of mammalian blood and exhibits a daily rhythm, together with known effects as a melatonin receptor mixed agonist-antagonist, shifts the status of N-acetyltryptamine from pharmacological tool to candidate for a physiological role. This provides a new opportunity to extend our understanding of 24-h biology.
Genetic Landscape of Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes From Turkey: Novel Mutations and Clinical Insights
Authors: Yiş Uluç , Becker Kerstin , Kurul Semra Hız , Uyanik Gökhan , Bayram Erhan , Haliloğlu Göknur , Polat Ayşe İpek , Ayanoğlu Müge , Okur Derya , Tosun Ayşe Fahriye , Serdaroğlu Gül , Yilmaz Sanem , Topaloğlu Haluk , Anlar Banu , Cirak Sebahattin , Engel Andrew G.
Published: May 2017

Congenital myasthenic syndromes are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders of neuromuscular transmission. Most are treatable, but certain subtypes worsen with cholinesterase inhibitors. This underlines the importance of genetic diagnosis. Here, the authors report on cases with genetically proven congenital myasthenic syndromes from Turkey. The authors retrospectively reviewed their experience of all patients with congenital myasthenic syndromes, referred over a 5-year period (2011-2016) to the Child Neurology Department of Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey. In addition, PubMed was searched for published cases of genetically proven congenital myasthenic syndromes originating from Turkey. In total, the authors identified 43 (8 new patients, 35 recently published patients) cases. Defects in the acetylcholine receptor (n = 15; 35%) were the most common type, followed by synaptic basal-lamina associated (n = 14; 33%) and presynaptic syndromes (n = 10; 23%). The authors had only 3 cases (7%) who had defects in endplate development. One patient had mutation GFPT1 gene (n = 1; 2%). Knowledge on congenital myasthenic syndromes and related genes in Turkey will lead to prompt diagnosis and treatment of these rare neuromuscular disorders.
Political Advertising on the Wikipedia Marketplace of Information
Authors: Göbel Sascha , Munzert Simon
Published: May 2017

We point to a popular yet underresearched platform of political information, the online encyclopedia Wikipedia. Considering the supply side of the marketplace, we argue that personal biographies on the platform are an attractive medium for politicians to enhance their appearance. We trace changes to biographies coming from the parliament using data that cover the entire edit histories for biographies on all German members of parliament for the three last legislative periods. Our findings show editing of personal biographies to be a persistent phenomenon. Moreover, type, timing, and driving factors of editing behavior highlight the importance politicians’ attribute to Wikipedia for pursuing reelection. Our results speak to the domains of political professionalization, voting behavior, and the general measurement of communicative patterns.
Identification of plasma microRNAs as new potential biomarkers with high diagnostic power in human cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Fogli Stefano , Polini Beatrice , Carpi Sara , Pardini Barbara , Naccarati Alessio , Dubbini Nevio , Lanza Maria , Breschi Maria Cristina , Romanini Antonella , Nieri Paola
Published: May 2017

Melanoma is a devastating disease with few therapeutic options in the advanced stage and with the urgent need of reliable biomarkers for early detection. In this context, circulating microRNAs are raising great interest as diagnostic biomarkers. We analyzed the expression profiles of 21 selected microRNAs in plasma samples from melanoma patients and healthy donors to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers. Data analysis was performed using global mean normalization and NormFinder algorithm. Linear regression followed by receiver operating characteristic analyses was carried out to evaluate whether selected plasma miRNAs were able to discriminate between cases and controls. We found five microRNAs that were differently expressed among cases and controls after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Specifically, miR-15b-5p, miR-149-3p, and miR-150-5p were up-regulated in plasma of melanoma patients compared with healthy controls, while miR-193a-3p and miR-524-5p were down-regulated. Receiver operating characteristic analyses of these selected microRNAs provided area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values ranging from 0.80 to 0.95. Diagnostic value of microRNAs is improved when considering the combination of miR-149-3p, miR-150-5p, and miR-193a-3p. The triple classifier had a high capacity to discriminate between melanoma patients and healthy controls, making it suitable to be used in early melanoma diagnosis.
A Review on Potential Involvement of TRPV1 Channels in Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Randhawa Puneet Kaur , Jaggi Amteshwar Singh
Published: May 2017

Besides functioning as thermosensors, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels play a pivotal role in ischemia–reperfusion injury. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel activation attenuates ischemia–reperfusion-induced injury in various organs including the heart, lungs, kidneys, and the brain. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels are expressed on the sensory neurons innervating the myocardium, ventricles of the heart, epicardial surface of the heart, endothelial cells, and the vascular smooth muscle cells. During ischemic conditions, activation of TRPV1 channels on the perivascular nerves stimulates the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P to produce cardioprotection. Furthermore, TRPV1 channel activation reduces the generation of free radicals and inflammatory cytokines, inhibits neutrophil infiltration, and enhances the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines to reduce ischemia–reperfusion-induced tissue injury. The present review describes the potential involvement of TRPV1 channels and the signaling cascade in attenuating ischemia–reperfusion injury in various organs.
Understanding Climate Change Risk Perceptions in China: Media Use, Personal Experience, and Cultural Worldviews
Authors: Wang Xiao
Published: May 2017

Based on a survey of 516 Chinese consumers, the present analysis revealed that climate- and environment-related media use (e.g., news and other information) positively predicted policy support in China, whereas personal experience positively predicted perceptions of risks to humans and the nonhuman environment. Perceived risks to humans and the nonhuman environment were used as two different variables. After controlling for various demographic variables, cultural worldviews, and media use, risks to the nonhuman environment, but not risks to humans, predicted the Chinese’s policy support. Results indicate that the media and personal experience have differential effects on risk perceptions and policy support.
Controllers: An abstraction to ease the use of hardware accelerators
Authors: Moreton–Fernandez Ana , Ortega–Arranz Hector , Gonzalez–Escribano Arturo
Published: May 2017

Nowadays the use of hardware accelerators, such as the graphics processing units or XeonPhi coprocessors, is key in solving computationally costly problems that require high performance computing. However, programming solutions for an efficient deployment for these kind of devices is a very complex task that relies on the manual management of memory transfers and configuration parameters. The programmer has to carry out a deep study of the particular data that needs to be computed at each moment, across different computing platforms, also considering architectural details.

We introduce the controller concept as an abstract entity that allows the programmer to easily manage the communications and kernel launching details on hardware accelerators in a transparent way. This model also provides the possibility of defining and launching central processing unit kernels in multi-core processors with the same abstraction and methodology used for the accelerators. It internally combines different native programming models and technologies to exploit the potential of each kind of device. Additionally, the model also allows the programmer to simplify the proper selection of values for several configuration parameters that can be selected when a kernel is launched. This is done through a qualitative characterization process of the kernel code to be executed.

Finally, we present the implementation of the controller model in a prototype library, together with its application in several case studies. Its use has led to reductions in the development and porting costs, with significantly low overheads in the execution times when compared to manually programmed and optimized solutions which directly use CUDA and OpenMP.
The influence of the angular distribution of a grooved surface texturing on the generation of friction-induced vibration and noise
Authors: Liu MQ , Mo JL , Wang DW , Li JX , Zhu MH , Zhou ZR
Published: May 2017

This study experimentally investigated the influence of angular distribution of a grooved surface on wear properties as well as friction-induced vibration and noise characteristics. The surfaces of brake disc material were modified by cutting grooved surfaces with different angular distributions. The differences between the grooved and smooth surfaces in friction and wear and friction-induced vibration and noise were evaluated. This was performed via a pad-on-disc test configuration where the brake pad material was used as a counterface. The test results indicated that all the grooved surfaces with different angular distributions had significant potential in improving friction and wear behaviors of the contact surfaces and also in reducing the amplitudes of high-frequency vibration accelerations and noise pressure levels. Additionally, the results indicated that the ability of the grooved surfaces to suppress the generation of noise is closely related to the angular distribution of the grooves and the interference length of the grooved surfaces on the contact interface. The grooved surface allowed for entrapping and exhausting wear debris from the contact interface, which improved the wear status, and this was one of the reasons for the noise reduction of the grooved surface to a certain extent. Meanwhile, another reason was that the grooved surface interrupted the concentrated contact pressure and changed the contact pressure distribution on the leading edge of the contact surface.
Pulmonary hospitalizations and ischemic heart disease events in patients with peripheral artery disease
Authors: McDermott Mary McGrae , Tian Lu , Wunderink Richard G , Kalhan Ravi , Kibbe Melina R , Greenland Philip , Tracy Russell , Zhao Lihui , Liu Kiang , Huffman Mark , Wilkins John T , Liao Yihua , Shah Sanjiv , Lloyd Jones Donald , Green David
Published: May 2017

The prognostic significance of acute pulmonary events in people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is unknown. We hypothesized that an acute pulmonary event (hospitalization for pneumonia and/or chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) exacerbation) would be associated with a higher rate of subsequent ischemic heart disease (IHD) events in PAD. A total of 569 PAD participants were systematically identified from among patients in Chicago medical practices and followed longitudinally. Hospitalizations after enrollment were evaluated and adjudicated for pulmonary events. The primary outcome was adjudicated myocardial infarctions, unstable angina, and IHD death. Of 569 PAD participants, 34 (6.0%) were hospitalized for a pulmonary event (11 CLRD exacerbation and 23 pneumonia) during a mean follow-up of 1.52 years±0.80. Participants hospitalized for a pulmonary event had a higher rate of subsequent IHD events than those not hospitalized for a pulmonary event (10/34 (29%) vs 38/535 (7.1%), p<0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, race, comorbidities, and other confounders, a pulmonary hospitalization was associated with an increased risk of a subsequent IHD event (hazard ratio (HR) = 12.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.35 to 28.86, p<0.001). Non-pulmonary hospitalizations were also associated with IHD events (HR = 3.39, 95% CI = 1.78 to 6.44, p<0.001), but this association was less strong compared to pulmonary hospitalizations and IHD events ( p = 0.011 for difference in the strength of association). In conclusion, hospitalization for an acute pulmonary event was associated with higher risk for subsequent IHD events in PAD. Future study should examine whether hospitalization for pulmonary events warrants increased surveillance or potential intervention to prevent IHD events in PAD.
Physical recovery, mental detachment and sleep as predictors of injury and mental energy
Authors: Balk Yannick A , de Jonge Jan , Oerlemans Wido GM , Geurts Sabine AE
Published: May 2017

Although sports activities are generally considered beneficial to people’s health and well-being, they can cause injuries and increased fatigue. Guided by the Demand-Induced Strain Compensation Recovery Model, this study hypothesized that physical recovery and mental detachment from sport-related activities would prevent injury and enhance mental energy. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among 161 recreational athletes. Structural equation modelling analyses showed that mental detachment was negatively associated with injury and positively associated with mental energy. Sleep deprivation partially mediated the relation between mental detachment and mental energy. These findings imply an important role for mental detachment in maintaining people’s health and well-being.
Emotion and secrecy in Australian asylum-seeker comics: The politics of visual style
Authors: Humphrey Aaron
Published: May 2017

This article examines two online comics about Australia’s policies of detaining asylum seekers, one created by the Australian government’s Customs and Border Protection Service (CBPS), and one published by the experimental journalism site The Global Mail. Through an analysis of the way online readers responded to these comics, this article shows how digital comics use visual style to imply particular kinds of relationships between their authors and their audience, while generating audience engagement through abstracted emotions and narrative gaps. These features have political dimensions, as in the CBPS’s comic, which elides crucial details about the government’s policies while suggesting (but never directly stating) its disregard for the human rights of asylum seekers, while The Global Mail’s comic uses a hand-drawn visual style to generate reader sympathy for the detainees and opposition to the government’s policies. Both comics use visual language to obfuscate key elements about the sources of their messages while also obscuring the voices of the refugees that their images represent.
Effects of lubricant oil on particulate emissions from port-fuel and direct-injection spark-ignition engines
Authors: Amirante Riccardo , Distaso Elia , Napolitano Michele , Tamburrano Paolo , Iorio Silvana Di , Sementa Paolo , Vaglieco Bianca Maria , Reitz Rolf D
Published: May 2017

This work presents experimental tests where lubricant oil was added to the engine in order to highlight its contribution to particle emissions from both gasoline and compressed natural gas spark-ignition engines. Three different ways of feeding the extra lubricant oil and two fuel-injection modes—port fuel injection and direct injection—were investigated to mimic the different ways by which lubricant may reach the combustion chamber. In particular, in the tests using compressed natural gas, the oil was injected either into the intake manifold or directly into the combustion chamber, whereas in both the port-fuel-injection and direct-injection tests using gasoline, the oil was premixed with the fuel. The experiments were performed on a single-cylinder, optically accessible spark-ignition engine, running at 2000 r/min under stoichiometric and full-load conditions, and requiring no lubrication. Particle size distribution functions were measured in the range from 5.6 to 560 nm by means of an engine exhaust particle sizer. Particle samples were taken directly from the exhaust flow, just downstream of the valves. Opacity was measured by an AVL 439 opacimeter, and gaseous emissions were measured by means of an exhaust gas analyzer in order to globally monitor the combustion process. Detailed analysis of the recorded total particulate number and particle size distributions allowed to determine the size ranges and relative amounts associated with the lubricant-oil-derived particles. Oil addition produced a significant increase in the particles emitted in the lowest range size, independent of the way lubricant was added. Only when lubricant was injected directly into the combustion chamber (either blended with the fuel or by itself), an increase in the number of particles with sizes larger than 50 nm was recorded.
Loyalty or liability
Authors: Chung Emily , Farrelly Francis , Beverland Michael B. , Karpen Ingo O.
Published: May 2017

“Fanaticism” and its cognates, “fan” and “fanatic,” have been defined in inconsistent, contradictory, and often, nondiscriminant ways across disciplines. Due to these problematic conceptualizations, and particularly the mixed yet growing state of the literature in marketing, there is a need to revisit the phenomenon. Through a comprehensive review and synthesis of the existing literature, this article identifies the key defining characteristics of consumer fanaticism (i.e. “affective commitment” and “extraordinary pursuit”) and presents a typology (consisting of four types of fanaticism, i.e. rewarding, destructive, stigmatized, and rogue) to demonstrate the socially situated and subjective nature of the fanatic label. In doing so, the authors advance current theorizing on this topic by explaining and resolving the conflicting and paradoxical perspectives that currently exist in the literature. The authors also present a framework that distinguishes consumer fanaticism from other forms of consumption. They propose a research agenda for future studies of consumer fanaticism and demonstrate its strong potential to contribute fresh insights into other marketing phenomena.
Games people play with brands
Authors: Molesworth Mike , Grigore Georgiana F. , Jenkins Rebecca
Published: May 2017

Relationships have been normalized in marketing theory as mutually beneficial, long-term dyads. This obscures their emotional content, ignores critical conceptualizations of corporate exploitation and fails to capture the range of possible marketplace relationship forms, including those that may result from individuals’ biographical psychology and that lead to repeated dysfunctional exchanges. In this article, we offer Berne’s (1964) transactional analysis (TA) as a way to uncover the biographical psychology that informs marketplace relationship structures and their accompanying emotions and to provide a critique of such arrangements. We first explain TA, its origins, its relationship with psychoanalysis, its limitations and contemporary extensions beyond therapy. We then present the structural basis of marketplace relationships from a TA perspective, before illustrating how a game in TA can be applied through an analysis of the iPhone and related mobile phone contracts and the Games If I didn’t Love Apple and Smallprint. Finally, we discuss the implications of such an approach for transforming market practices based on recognition of marketplace Games and their modification.
Troubling the discourse of both/and: Technologies of neoliberal governance in community-based educational spaces
Authors: Nygreen Kysa
Published: May 2017

This article traces the work of community-based popular educators with an explicit commitment to “Freirean” popular education as they shifted from teaching in a community-based setting to an after-school program focused on standardized test-preparation. Drawing from ethnographic observation and interviews, it examines educators’ pedagogical practice and the narratives they employed to explain, interpret, and justify their practice. It shows that they adopted a “discourse of both/and,” asserting the possibility and virtues of doing Freirean popular education and high-stakes test preparation simultaneously, without sacrificing the integrity of either. It argues that this discourse was a pragmatic adaptation to structural imperatives but also a limiting one that facilitated the intensification of workload, individual responsibilization, and a shifting of organizational mission in ways that align with neoliberal reform. Drawing from Foucauldian analyses of audit culture, this article troubles the discourse of both/and by exposing how it operates as a technology of neoliberal governance even when cloaked in the language of social justice.
Comparison of shot-put release parameters and consistency in performance between elite throwers with and without intellectual impairment
Authors: Van Biesen Debbie , McCulloch Katina , Vanlandewijck Yves C
Published: May 2017

Background:

Shot-put is one of the events in which athletes with intellectual impairment compete at the Paralympic Games, since their re-inclusion in 2012. The purpose of this study was to compare the competition performance and investigate differences in release parameters and consistency of performance between high level shot-put throwers with and without intellectual impairment.

Methods:

Data collection took place at the 2014 European Championships athletics for athletes with intellectual impairment ( n = 20; 11 men, 9 women, MIQ = 60.2 ± 7.3, Mage = 28.1 ± 6.7 years), and the 2015 national championships for athletes without intellectual impairment ( n = 26, 12 men, 14 women, Mage = 24.9 ± 5.6 years). A video camera operating at 100 Hz was utilized to capture the throws and 2D images were analyzed with motion analysis software to calculate release parameters and check consistency of the throw.

Results:

Independent t tests revealed that the average (11.87 m) and best (14.81 m) performance of male world-class intellectual impairment-throwers was significantly lower compared to the average (14.62 m) and best (17.78 m) performance of male national level throwers without intellectual impairment ( F = 5.3, p < .05), primarily due to the significantly lower release velocity ( r = .79, p < .01). The inter-individual variance in throw-to-throw distance was significantly larger in intellectual impairment-throwers; however, opposite to what was expected, the angle of release consistency was not significantly different between both samples. Intellectual impairment-throwers performed with superior release velocity consistency than non-intellectual impairment-throwers.

Conclusions:

These findings support the assumption that impaired cognitive function may constrain the ability to optimally release the shot-put.
Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance: A Comprehensive Model
Authors: Van den Bergh Omer , Brown Richard J. , Petersen Sibylle , Witthöft Michael
Published: May 2017

Idiopathic environmental intolerance refers to a group of poorly understood health conditions characterized by heterogeneous somatic symptoms that occur in response to environmental triggers, but for which no physiological causes can be found. We focus on three varieties, namely symptoms attributed to (a) chemical substances, (b) electromagnetic fields, and (c) infrasound and vibroacoustic sources. As no clear link with organ pathology or dysfunction has been established so far, we review critical evidence about alternative causal mechanisms as a platform for a novel unifying model of these conditions. There is consistent evidence that expectancy and nocebo mechanisms are critically involved. Using recent predictive coding models of brain functioning, we describe a comprehensive new model to explain how symptoms come about and become linked to specific environmental cues. This new model integrates phenomenally different pathologies, suggests testable new hypotheses, and specifies implications for treatment.
Parental Experiences of Raising a Child With Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: Piercy Hilary , Machaczek Katarzyna , Ali Parveen , Yap Sufin
Published: May 2017

Newborn screening enabling early diagnosis of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) has dramatically improved health outcomes in children with MCADD. Achieving those outcomes depends on effective management by parents. Understanding parental management strategies and associated anxieties and concerns is needed to inform provision of appropriate care and support. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of parents of children aged 2 to 12 years. Thematic analysis identified two main themes. Managing dietary intake examined how parents managed day-to-day dietary intake to ensure adequate intake and protection of safe fasting intervals. Managing and preventing illness events explored parental experiences of managing illness events and their approach to preventing these events. Management strategies were characterized by caution and vigilance and influenced by a lack of confidence in others to manage the condition. The study identifies the need for increased awareness of the condition, particularly in relation to emergency treatment.
MRD detection in multiple myeloma: comparison between MSKCC 10-color single-tube and EuroFlow 8-color 2-tube methods
Authors: Roshal Mikhail , Flores-Montero Juan A. , Gao Qi , Koeber Maesa , Wardrope Jessica , Durie Brian G. M. , Dogan Ahmet , Orfao Alberto , Landgren Ola
Published: May 2017

Key Points

Methods that use an MSKCC single 10-color tube or EuroFlow two 8-color tubes provide similar sensitivity in the detection of MRD in multiple myeloma.
Letter to the Editor: Is miR-199b-3p really involved in the migration ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells?
Authors: Torrejón Blanca , Cristóbal Ion , Madoz-Gúrpide Juan , Rojo Federico , García-Foncillas Jesús
Published: May 2017

Reader discussion on JLB content.
Letter to the Editor: miR-199b-3p and miR-199a-3p are isoforms with identical sequence and established function as tumor and metastasis suppressors
Authors: Dabbah M , Attar-Schneider O , Zismanov V , Tartakover Matalon S , Lishner M , Drucker L
Published: May 2017

Author response.
Elastic least-squares reverse time migration with hybrid l1/l2 misfit function
Authors: Gu Bingluo , Li Zhenchun , Yang Peng , Xu Wencai , Han Jianguang
Published: May 2017

We have developed the theory and synthetic tests of elastic least-squares reverse time migration (ELSRTM). In this method, a least-squares reverse time migration algorithm is used to image multicomponent seismic data based on the first-order elastic velocity-stress wave equation, in which the linearized elastic modeling equations are used for forward modeling and its adjoint equations are derived based on the adjoint-state method for back propagating the data residuals. Also, we have developed another ELSRTM scheme based on the wavefield separation technique, in which the P-wave image is obtained using P-wave forward and adjoint wavefields and the S-wave image is obtained using P-wave forward and S-wave adjoint wavefields. In this way, the crosstalk artifacts can be minimized to a significant extent. In general, seismic data inevitably contain noise. We apply the hybrid [Formula: see text] misfit function to the ELSRTM algorithm to improve the robustness of our ELSRTM to noise. Numerical tests on synthetic data reveal that our ELSRTM, when compared with elastic reverse time migration, can produce images with higher spatial resolution, more-balanced amplitudes, and fewer artifacts. Moreover, the hybrid [Formula: see text] misfit function makes the ELSRTM more robust than the [Formula: see text] misfit function in the presence of noise.
Characterizing CO2 plumes in deep saline formations: Comparison and joint evaluation of time-lapse pressure and seismic tomography
Authors: Hu Linwei , Doetsch Joseph , Brauchler Ralf , Bayer Peter
Published: May 2017

Monitoring the migration of sequestered [Formula: see text] in deep heterogeneous reservoirs is inherently difficult. Geophysical methods have been successfully used, but flow conditions are only indirectly linked to the measured properties. Besides geophysical methods, pressure tomography (PT) is proposed as an alternative method to depict the structure of deep saline formations for [Formula: see text] sequestration and to continuously delineate [Formula: see text] plumes. In contrast to more established geophysical measurements, pressure transients are directly related to flow properties, which allows for the estimation of permeability. We investigate the influence of aquifer heterogeneity on PT performance, and we compare the PT results to crosshole seismic tomography (ST). Multilevel fluid injections and high-frequency P-wave pulses are induced in a simulated deep borehole, and the recorded signals at another well are processed by a traveltime inversion scheme. The reservoir structure is inferred by clustering the inverted hydraulic diffusivity prior to [Formula: see text] injection, and the plume distribution is determined by clustering the tomograms of the inverted mixed-phase diffusivity difference and P-wave velocity difference. The clustered structures are then used for zonal calibration to acquire the saturation within the plumes. Modeling results indicate that PT provides clearer structural information on the [Formula: see text]-free aquifer due to its direct linkage to permeability. However, the plume depicted by PT can be ambiguous, whereas ST is less sensitive to the prevailing heterogeneity of permeability at postinjection and can thus image the plume more clearly. PT and ST can be complementary to each other through the joint clustering to improve plume shape identification and estimation of spatial [Formula: see text] saturation.
Subsurface-domain, interferometric objective functions for target-oriented waveform inversion
Authors: Vasconcelos Ivan , Ravasi Matteo , van der Neut Joost
Published: May 2017

Resolving details in subsurface reservoir parameters from surface waveform data is a challenging problem, particularly when a reservoir is beneath a complex overburden whose properties are also poorly known. We have developed new metrics for detecting and quantifying errors in subsurface models that are well-suited for target-oriented inversion. Our metric, when combined with state-of-the art redatuming, aims at enabling waveform inversion for target volume parameters with no need to resolve model features elsewhere (e.g., in the overburden). We refer to these metrics as “interferometric objective functions” because they rely on extrapolation from reciprocity integrals commonly used in seismic interferometry. As in seismic interferometry, wavefield extrapolation retrieves the wave response between two points by combining observed data with an extrapolator that describes the response between the subsurface and the data boundary. When the source point is outside a target volume, either forward time or reverse time extrapolation produces the same field. However, because they physically rely on different components from the boundary data, the forward time and reverse time extrapolated fields are only equal when the model used is consistent with the real subsurface within the target volume. As such, we use the difference between the forward time and reverse time extrapolated fields to define subsurface-domain metrics that quantify model errors. Our approach thus provides a new metric for target-oriented nonlinear inversion in the subsurface domain, one that fundamentally differs from other subsurface domain metrics based on, e.g., focusing or image extensions.
RNA metabolism in neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Liu Elaine Y. , Cali Christopher P. , Lee Edward B.
Published: May 2017

Aging-related neurodegenerative diseases are progressive and fatal neurological diseases that are characterized by irreversible neuron loss and gliosis. With a growing population of aging individuals, there is a pressing need to better understand the basic biology underlying these diseases. Although diverse disease mechanisms have been implicated in neurodegeneration, a common theme of altered RNA processing has emerged as a unifying contributing factor to neurodegenerative disease. RNA processing includes a series of distinct processes, including RNA splicing, transport and stability, as well as the biogenesis of non-coding RNAs. Here, we highlight how some of these mechanisms are altered in neurodegenerative disease, including the mislocalization of RNA-binding proteins and their sequestration induced by microsatellite repeats, microRNA biogenesis alterations and defective tRNA biogenesis, as well as changes to long-intergenic non-coding RNAs. We also highlight potential therapeutic interventions for each of these mechanisms.
Solving the puzzle of neurological diseases: an interview with Huda Zoghbi
Authors: Zoghbi Huda Y.
Published: May 2017

Huda Zoghbi's achievements in the field of neurology are internationally acclaimed. She is best known for elucidating the genetic basis of two complex neurological disorders, spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and Rett syndrome, and has been honored with many prizes, including The Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine in 2016 and the 2017 Breakthrough Prize for Life Sciences. A diligent and creative research scientist at the bench, a respected lab mentor and founding Director of the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, her inspiration has always been the burning need to help patients faced with devastating neurological problems. Her pursuit of the mechanisms mediating spinocerebellar ataxia and Rett syndrome has been dogged, requiring 30 years of focused effort. As highlighted in this interview, her work is now paying dividends by starting to reveal potential therapeutic targets for these intractable and complex disorders.
The cues of colony size: how honey bees sense that their colony is large enough to begin to invest in reproduction
Authors: Smith Michael L. , Koenig Phoebe A. , Peters Jacob M.
Published: May 2017

As organisms develop, they first invest resources in survival and growth, but after reaching a certain condition they start to also invest in reproduction. Likewise, superorganisms, such as honey bee colonies, first invest in survival and growth, and later commit resources to reproduction once the number of workers in the colony surpasses a reproductive threshold. The first form of reproductive investment for a honey bee colony is the building of beeswax comb made of special large cells used for rearing males (drones). How do the workers sense that their colony is large enough to start building this ‘drone comb’? To address this question, we experimentally increased three possible cues of colony size – worker density, volatile pheromone concentration and nest temperature – and looked for effects on the bees' comb construction. Only the colonies that experienced increased worker density were stimulated to build a higher proportion of drone comb. We then monitored and quantified potential cues in small and large colonies, to determine which cues change with colony size. We found that workers in large colonies, relative to small ones, have increased contact rates, spend more time active and experience less variable worker density. Whereas unicellular and multicellular organisms use mainly chemical cues to sense their sizes, our results suggest that at least one superorganism, a honey bee colony, uses physical cues to sense its size and thus its developmental state.
The insect ovipositor as a volatile sensor within a closed microcosm
Authors: Yadav Pratibha , Borges Renee M.
Published: May 2017

We show that the insect ovipositor is an olfactory organ that responds to volatiles and CO2 in gaseous form. We demonstrate this phenomenon in parasitic wasps associated with Ficus racemosa where ovipositors, as slender as a human hair, drill through the syconium (enclosed inflorescences) and act as a guiding probe to locate highly specific egg-laying sites hidden inside. We hypothesize that olfaction will occur in the ovipositors of insects such as parasitic fig wasps where the hosts are concealed and volatile concentrations can build up locally. Relevant stimuli such as herbivore-induced fig volatiles and CO2 elicited electrophysiological responses from the ovipositors. Silver nitrate staining also revealed pores in ovipositor sensilla, indicating their olfactory nature. Insects could use volatile sensors on their ovipositors to evaluate ecologically relevant stimuli for oviposition. Further investigations on the sensory nature of ovipositors can provide designs for development of ovipositor-inspired micro-chemosensors.
How Government Statistics Adjust for Potential Biases from Quality Change and New Goods in an Age of Digital Technologies: A View from the Trenches
Authors: Groshen Erica L. , Moyer Brian C. , Aizcorbe Ana M. , Bradley Ralph , Friedman David M.
Published: May 2017

A key economic indicator is real output. To get this right, we need to measure accurately both the value of nominal GDP (done by Bureau of Economic Analaysis) and key price indexes (done mostly by Bureau of Labor Statisticcs). All of us have worked on these measurements while at the BLS and the BEA. In this article, we explore some of the thorny statistical and conceptual issues related to measuring a dynamic economy. An often-stated concern is that the national economic accounts miss some of the value of some goods and services arising from the growing digital economy. We agree that measurement problems related to quality changes and new goods have likely caused growth of real output and productivity to be understated. Nevertheless, these measurement issues are far from new, and, based on the magnitude and timing of recent changes, we conclude that it is unlikely that they can account for the pattern of slower growth in recent years. First we discuss how the Bureau of Labor Statistics currently adjusts price indexes to reduce the bias from quality changes and the introduction of new goods, along with some alternative methods that have been proposed. We then present estimates of the extent of remaining bias in real GDP growth that stem from potential biases in growth of consumption and investment. And we take a look at potential biases that could result from challenges in measuring nominal GDP, including those involving the digital economy. Finally, we review ongoing work at BLS and BEA to reduce potential biases and further improve measurement.
Desenvolvimento humano local: uma análise multivariada para os pequenos municípios em Minas Gerais
Authors: Ferreira dos Santos Valéria de Jesus Coelho , Martins Ferreira Frederico Poley
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho busca explorar de forma comparativa a realidade socioeconômica dos pequenos municípios de Minas Gerais, sob a perspectiva do desenvolvimento humano local e com base nas informações e nos dados disponíveis dos anos 2000 a 2010. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, utilizaram-se as técnicas de análise de cluster e de regressão por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários. A classificação dos municípios com base na análise de cluster revelou três agrupamentos, que foram caracterizados como desenvolvimento humano local baixo, intermediário e alto. Os resultados apontam para a relativa importância da condição econômica, do nível de concentração da renda e da capacidade fiscal do município quanto à taxa de crescimento do desenvolvimento humano dos pequenos municípios. A partir do exposto, reforça-se a necessidade de se buscar um desenvolvimento equilibrado por meio do fortalecimento das ligações entre crescimento econômico e desenvolvimento humano.
A participação social pós-constituição de 1988: o que se tem discutido a respeito?
Authors: Aguiar Cristina Caetano de , Da Cunha Fábio Simão
Published: May 2017

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o que se discutiu sobre a temática participação social a partir da Constituição Federal Brasileira de 1988, bem como apontar quem são os principais autores que têm se dedicado a estudar o tema, em quais instituições, em quais áreas a participação vem sendo discutida e qual o perfil metodológico adotado nas publicações. Para isso, refletiu-se sobre as diversas denominações dadas à participação e como se deu a trajetória da agenda de pesquisa nas últimas duas décadas. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram o metaestudo e a análise de conteúdo. Como conclusão, verificou-se que os estudos sobre a participação social tiveram um aumento a partir do ano de 2003 e que há uma concentração das pesquisas na área da saúde. Observou-se, também, que os principais pesquisadores os quais discutem o tema fazem parte da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Por fim, verificou-se que existe uma pluralidade temática que perpassa o tema, o que contribui para diferentes perfis metodológicos.
Inpatient Management of Opioid Use Disorder: A Review for Hospitalists
Authors: Theisen‐Toupal Jesse , Ronan Matthew V. , Moore Amber , Rosenthal Elana S.
Published: May 2017

The United States is experiencing an epidemic of nonmedical opioid use and opioid overdose‐related deaths. As a result, there have been a number of public health interventions aimed at addressing this epidemic. However, these interventions fail to address care of individuals with opioid use disorder during hospitalizations and, therefore, miss a key opportunity for intervention. The role of hospitalists in managing hospitalized patients with opioid use disorder is not established. In this review, we discuss the inpatient management of individuals with opioid use disorder, including the treatment of withdrawal, benefits of medication‐assisted treatment, and application of harm‐reduction strategies.