bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Tale of Two Separation Properties: Bulk and Thin Films of Mixed Matrix Materials
Authors: Zhang Gengyi , Shah Chintan Jayesh , Lee Won‐Il , Kisslinger Kim , Esmaeili Narjes , Bui Vinh T. , Zhu Lingxiang , Nam Chang‐Yong , Lin Haiqing
Published: June 2024

Mixed matrix materials (MMMs) integrating excellent processability from polymers and distinct separation properties from nanofillers are of interest for membrane gas separations, and they are often made into freestanding films (>100 µm) to demonstrate superior gas separation properties. However, they are difficult to fabricate into thin‐film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes due to interfacial incompatibility between polymers and nanofillers. Here TFN membranes based on MMMs (as thin as 200 nm) are successfully developed comprising amorphous poly(ethylene oxide) (aPEO) and UiO‐66‐NH2 enabling strong hydrogen bonds between the two matrices. Increasing the UiO‐66‐NH2 loading unexpectedly decreases CO2 permeability in freestanding films, but it surprisingly leads to the best CO2/N2 separation properties in the membranes at a loading of 10 mass% (CO2 permeance of 2900 GPU and CO2/N2 selectivity of 48). Nanoconfinement significantly influences the morphological and gas separation properties of the MMM layer. The membrane with 10 mass% UiO‐66‐NH2 demonstrates mixed‐gas CO2 permeance of 1400 GPU and CO2/N2 selectivity of 76 in the presence of 1.2 mol% water vapor at ≈23 °C, surpassing Robeson's upper bound. The membrane also demonstrates stable CO2/N2 separation performance when challenged with real flue gas for 700 h continuously.
Tuning the Multilevel Hierarchical Microarchitecture of MXene/rGO‐Based Aerogels Through a Magnetic Field‐Guided Strategy Toward Stepwise Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Dissipation
Authors: Yang Yang , Xiu Zheng , Pan Fei , Liang Hongsheng , Jiang Haojie , Guo Hongtao , Wang Xiao , Li Lixin , Yuan Bin , Lu Wei
Published: June 2024

Hierarchical microarchitecture engineering is a state‐of‐the‐art approach to designing aerogel electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers, offering huge potential in improving EM energy dissipation. However, the intrinsic feedback mechanism regarding the specific influence of each microarchitecture parameter on EM properties is not comprehensively revealed, making it challenging to fully utilize the potential of aerogels to achieve superior EM wave absorption performance. Herein, a range of MXene/rGO‐based aerogels with multilevel hierarchical configurations are fabricated by a magnetic field‐guided strategy. Leveraging growth thermodynamics effects under a magnetic field and bridging effect between adjacent rGO units, three hierarchical microarchitecture models (lamellae ordering, interlayer spacing, and layer thickness) are constructed in aerogels. Remarkably, three models progressively improve reflection loss (RL), effective absorption bandwidth (EAB), and matching thickness by enhancing dielectric loss, decoupling attenuation‐impedance matching, and adjusting power loss density, respectively. Consequently, the MXene/rGO‐based aerogels exhibit stepwise enhancement in EM wave performance, achieving a superior RL of −64.6 dB and a broad EAB of 7.0 GHz at 1.8 mm thickness, surpassing alternative aerogels with other configurations. This work elucidates the effect of multilevel hierarchical microarchitecture on the synergistic multi‐effect dissipation mechanism of EM waves in aerogels, providing insights for designing advanced EM absorbers through diverse strategies.
Out‐of‐Plane Superexchange Interaction Enhanced Ferromagnetism in Semiconducting Monolayer Cr2Se3
Authors: Lu Shipeng , He Zhonglin , Pan Yinping , Guo Zhiqiang , Yang Yichen , Wu Fan , Song Yekai , Li Zhuojun , Liu Zhongkai , Liu Zhengtai , Shen Dawei , Chen Lei , Ma Yandong , Tang Shujie , Xie Xiaoming
Published: June 2024

2D magnetic semiconductors exhibit great potential for next‐generation spintronics, but realizing their full capabilities has been hindered by the low Curie temperatures (Tc) below 50 K observed in current materials. Here, a new mechanism to substantially enhance the Tc of 2D semiconducting materials through incorporating both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane superexchange interactions enabled by structural design is demonstrated. Specifically, monolayer Cr2Se3 is synthesized with a five‐layer Se–Cr–Se–Cr–Se atomic structure using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). This unique structure not only possesses optimized in‐plane superexchange interaction but also incorporates out‐of‐plane Cr–Se–Cr couplings. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and angular‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) confirm its semiconducting nature. Remarkably, the ferromagnetic phase transition observed by ARPES and Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) indicated that its Tc is up to 230 K. This not only establishes a new record for Tc in 2D ferromagnetic semiconductor materials but also introduces a novel approach to modulating materials' properties by manipulating the vertical dimension in 2D materials.
Hierarchical Gradient Structural Porous Metamaterial with Selective Spectral Response for Daytime Passive Radiative Cooling
Authors: Liu Jinru , Wei Yuqi , Zhong Yi , Zhang Linping , Wang Bijia , Feng Xueling , Xu Hong , Mao Zhiping
Published: June 2024

Porous photonic structures have greatly advanced large‐scale radiative cooling application owing to its satisfying optical properties, easy‐designation, and low cost. However, current reported porous radiative cooling materials mainly focuses on uniform or random pore distribution structure, which failed to achieve precise spectrum control for sunlight and mid‐infrared light, thereby weakening the radiative cooling performance. Herein, gradient structural porous metamaterials (GSPMs) are proposed and successfully constructed for maximizing cooling effectiveness based on step‐by‐step freeze‐casting technology. The designed GSPMs with gradient micro‐nano porous structure can wide‐range scatter entire solar spectrum while possess gradual refractive index transition to increase air‐medium interface absorption at mid‐infrared regions. Notably, solar reflectivity and mid‐infrared emissivity of GSPMs reach 97.3% and 97.6%, achieving maxinum cooling temperature of 8.7 °C and net cooling power of 94.1 W m−2, presenting a higher cooling effect than random porous materials. Moreover, GSPMs enable achieve compatibility with color aesthetic and cooling superiorities due to selective spectra response behavior, as well as can be applied in building materials, realizing efficient energy saving and CO2 emission reduction. This work proposed gradient porous structure can achieve highly efficient daytime radiative cooling, offering new possibilities in the structure design of next‐generation porous radiative cooling materials.
Additive Manufacturing of Biodegradable Molybdenum – From Powder to Vascular Stent
Authors: Bian Dong , Tong Zhipei , Gong Gencheng , Huang He , Fang Liudang , Yang Hongtao , Gu Wenda , Yu Hui , Zheng Yufeng
Published: June 2024

Magnesium, iron, and zinc‐based biodegradable metals are widely recognized as promising candidate materials for the next generation of bioresorbable stent (BVS). However, none of those metal BVSs are perfect at this stage. Here, a brand‐new BVS based on a novel biodegradable metal (Molybdenum, Mo) through additive manufacturing is developed. Nearly full‐dense and crack‐free thin‐wall Mo is directly manufactured through selective laser melting (SLM) with fine Mo powder. Systemic analyses considering the forming quality, wall‐thickness, microstructure, mechanical properties, and in vitro degradation behaviors are performed. Then, Mo‐based thin‐strut (≤ 100 µm) stents are successfully obtained through an optimized single‐track laser melting route. The SLMed thin‐wall Mo owns comparable strength to its Mg and Zn based counterparts (as‐drawn), while, it exhibits remarkable biocompatibility in vitro. Vessel related cells are well adhered and spread on SLMed Mo, and it exhibits a low risk of hemolysis and thrombus. The SLMed stent is compatible to vessel tissues in rat abdominal aorta, and it can provide sufficient support in an animal model as an extravascular stent. This work possibly opens a new era of manufacturing Mo‐based stents through additive manufacturing.
Accelerated Discovery of (TiZrHf)x(NbTa)1−x High‐Entropy Alloys With Superior Thermal Stability and a New Crystallization Mechanism
Authors: Cheng Changjun , Feng Renfei , Lyu Tianyi , Zou Yu
Published: June 2024

Nanocrystalline (nc) metals are generally strong yet thermally unstable, rendering them difficult to process and unsuitable for use, particularly at elevated temperatures. Nc multicomponent and high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) are found to offer enhanced thermal stability but only in a few empirically discovered systems out of a vast compositional space. In response, this work develops a combinatorial strategy to accelerate the discovery of nc‐(TiZrHf)x(NbTa)1−x alloy library with distinct thermal stability, in terms of phases and grain sizes. Based on synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy characterizations, a phase transition is observed from amorphous–crystalline nanocomposites to a body‐centered cubic (bcc) phase upon annealing. With increased NbTa content (decreased x value), the system tends to achieve thermally stable dual bcc phases upon annealing; in contrast, alloys with increased TiZrHf content (x > 0.6) maintain a single‐composition nanocomposite state, impeding crystallization and grain growth. This investigation not only broadens the understanding of thermal stability but also delves into the onset of crystallization in HEA systems.
Micro‐3D Printed Conductive Polymer Composite via Two‐Photon Polymerization for Sensing Applications
Authors: Amruth C. , Singh Anuj Kumar , Sharma Anirudh , Corzo Daniel , Baran Derya
Published: June 2024

Two‐photon Polymerization (2PP) process for high‐resolution 3D printing presents an opportunity to design micro‐scale structures with a high surface‐to‐volume ratio for highly responsive devices. However, these acrylate or thiol‐based resins are electrically insulating and non‐functional in nature, therefore limiting their widespread application in biosensing and biotechnology. Here, a novel conductive polymeric composite resin to print conductive 3D micro‐structures via the 2PP technique is developed and its application in sensing are demonstrated. The composite consists of acrylate‐based 2PP resin and Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), a conductive and biocompatible organic semiconductor The PEDOT:PSS incorporation in resin through Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is studied. An electrical conductivity of 3.5 × 102 S cm−1 in a 20 µm long and 10 µm high 3D printed micro‐structure which is suitable for electronic applications is achieved. An ultra‐fast micro‐3D printed humidity sensor with a response and recovery time of 0.15 and 0.3 s respectively is demonstrated. The printed sensors show high sensitivity in humidity levels of 0–80%RH. As a proof of concept, the real‐time respiration of a human body is recorded, implying a potential application in health monitoring systems.
Synthesis of Functionalized Furans: Three‐Component Reactions Involving Ketene Dithioacetals, Acetylenes, and Phosphines to Generate Phosphorus Ylides or N‐Acyliminophosphoranes
Authors: Zhai Qianqian , Yan Linlin , Liu Xinyu , Li Xiao‐jun , Li Shengnan , Song Xiaoning
Published: June 2024

Synthesis of new polysubstituted furans incorporating reactive phosphorus ylides or N‐acyliminophosphoranes was achieved by the heterocyclization of flexible α‐acyl ketene dithioacetals. This one‐pot tandem reaction was initiated by acyl‐directed desulfurative Sonogashira coupling, followed by 1,6‐addition of phosphine to the in situ‐generated enynone and subsequent 5‐exo‐dig cyclization, as well as phosphoranation. The selectivity toward the two products, i. e. α‐phosphorus ylides vs. α‐N‐acyliminophosphoranes‐substituted furans, was determined by both electron‐deficient acetylenes and copper salts.
Revealing the Role of MgO in Sorption‐Enhanced Water Gas Shift Reaction for H2 Production: A DFT Study
Authors: Zhao Wenhan , Li Yingjie , Fang Yi , Chu Zhiwei , Han Kuihua , Sun Rongyue
Published: June 2024

The sorption‐enhanced water gas shift (SEWGS) process has emerged as a promising technology for high‐purity H2 production. MgO serves as a competitive sorbent in SEWGS, removing CO2 in situ. Yet the reaction mechanism of SEWGS employing MgO is not well understood. In this work, the reaction mechanism of SEWGS on the MgO surface is revealed by density functional theory (DFT) analysis. The MgO(110) surface shows a remarkable enhancement for SEWGS. Spontaneous dissociation of H2O is observed whether in the presence of CO or CO2, leading to the enrichment of hydroxyl groups for subsequent reactions. CO2 generated is captured by surface basic sites, resulting in the formation of MgCO3. The presence of the generated hydroxyl group enhances the dehydrogenation reaction on the surface, facilitating hydrogen production. The reaction pathway is described as follows. First, spontaneous dissociation of H2O occurs when co‐adsorbed with CO on the MgO surface. Then, two hydroxyl groups interact, yielding atomic O for CO oxidization and atomic H for H2 generation. Ultimately, CO2 is captured by the surface while H2 desorbs from the surface. The rate‐limiting step is H2 generation with an energy barrier of 0.68 eV. The calculation results elucidate the enhancement mechanism of MgO on the SEWGS process.
Is Blockchain a Panacea for Guarding PDO Supply Chains? Exploring Vulnerabilities, Critical Control Points, and Blockchain feasibility in Greece
Authors: Vasileiou Marios , Kyrgiakos Leonidas Sotirios , Kleisiari Christina , Prosperi Paolo , Kleftodimos Georgios , Ragkos Athanasios , Tsinopoulos Christos , Abou Nader Elie , Moulogianni Christina , Vlontzos George
Published: June 2024

Within food Supply Chains (SCs), food products labeled through Geographical Indications (GIs) hold paramount importance as distinctive and culturally significant entities, ensuring the integrity and distinctiveness of regional specialties. By strictly regulating the geographic origin and production methods, the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) not only guarantees the preservation of traditional practices but also safeguards the cultural legacy and identity of the regions where genuine PDO products are produced. However, the very mechanisms safeguarding PDO authenticity can be exploited within globalized food systems, creating opportunities for fraudulent activities and intentional or unintentional adulteration. This study specifically delves into the overarching realm of PDO SCs, using PDO Feta cheese as a prominent case study. Through an assessment of Feta cheese SC in Greece, encompassing the Delphi Technique with the amalgamation of the design stages of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP), Vulnerabilities Assessment and Critical Control Point (VACCP), and Threat Assessment and Critical Control Point (TACCP) methodologies, the operations, vulnerabilities, and critical control points are scrutinized. The results indicate multifaceted vulnerabilities and Critical Control Points (CCPs) in the Feta cheese SC that need to be addressed and constitute a precursor for augmenting PDO SCs. Moreover, the utilization of Blockchain Technology (BT) exhibits intrinsic potential for enhancing the administration of supply chains with the potential to fundamentally transform data management practices and foster increased levels of trust among stakeholders.
Minor Spliceosomal 65K/RNPC3 Interacts with ANKRD11 and Mediates HDAC3‐Regulated Histone Deacetylation and Transcription
Authors: Li Chen‐Hui , Liang Shao‐Bo , Huang Qi‐Wei , Zhou Zhen‐Zhen , Ding Zhan , Long Ni , Wi Kwang‐Chon , Li Liang , Jiang Xi‐Ping , Fan Yu‐Jie , Xu Yong‐Zhen
Published: June 2024

RNA splicing is crucial in the multilayer regulatory networks for gene expression, making functional interactions with DNA‐ and other RNA‐processing machineries in the nucleus. However, these established couplings are all major spliceosome‐related; whether the minor spliceosome is involved remains unclear. Here, through affinity purification using Drosophila lysates, an interaction is identified between the minor spliceosomal 65K/RNPC3 and ANKRD11, a cofactor of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). Using a CRISPR/Cas9 system, Deletion strains are constructed and found that both Dm65KΔ/Δ and Dmankrd11Δ/Δ mutants have reduced histone deacetylation at Lys9 of histone H3 (H3K9) and Lys5 of histone H4 (H4K5) in their heads, exhibiting various neural‐related defects. The 65K‐ANKRD11 interaction is also conserved in human cells, and the HsANKRD11 middle‐uncharacterized domain mediates Hs65K association with HDAC3. Cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) assays revealed that HsANKRD11 is a bridging factor, which facilitates the synergistic common chromatin‐binding of HDAC3 and Hs65K. Knockdown (KD) of HsANKRD11 simultaneously decreased their common binding, resulting in reduced deacetylation of nearby H3K9. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that expression changes of many genes caused by HsANKRD11‐KD are due to the decreased common chromatin‐binding of HDAC3 and Hs65K and subsequently reduced deacetylation of H3K9, illustrating a novel and conserved coupling mechanism that links the histone deacetylation with minor spliceosome for the regulation of gene expression.
Single‐Cell Spatial Transcriptomics Unveils Platelet‐Fueled Cycling Macrophages for Kidney Fibrosis
Authors: Liu Jun , Zheng Bo , Cui Qingya , Zhu Yu , Chu Likai , Geng Zhi , Mao Yiming , Wan Lin , Cao Xu , Xiong Qianwei , Guo Fujia , Yang David C , Hsu Ssu‐Wei , Chen Ching‐Hsien , Yan Xiangming
Published: June 2024

With the increasing incidence of kidney diseases, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic strategies to combat post‐injury fibrosis. Immune cells, including platelets, play a pivotal role in this repair process, primarily through their released cytokines. However, the specific role of platelets in kidney injury and subsequent repair remains underexplored. Here, the detrimental role of platelets in renal recovery following ischemia/reperfusion injury and its contribution to acute kidney injury  to chronic kidney disease transition is aimed to investigated. In this study, it is shown that depleting platelets accelerates injury resolution and significantly reduces fibrosis. Employing advanced single‐cell and spatial transcriptomic techniques, macrophages as the primary mediators modulated by platelet signals is identified. A novel subset of macrophages, termed “cycling M2”, which exhibit an M2 phenotype combined with enhanced proliferative activity is uncovered. This subset emerges in the injured kidney during the resolution phase and is modulated by platelet‐derived thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) signaling, acquiring profibrotic characteristics. Conversely, targeted inhibition of THBS1 markedly downregulates the cycling M2 macrophage, thereby mitigating fibrotic progression. Overall, this findings highlight the adverse role of platelet THBS1‐boosted cycling M2 macrophages in renal injury repair and suggest platelet THBS1 as a promising therapeutic target for alleviating inflammation and kidney fibrosis.
Red Blood Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles Enable Incompatible Blood Transfusions
Authors: Yang Xuewei , Chen Mengchun , Weng Cuiye , Zhuge Deli , Jin Fangsi , Xiao Yingnan , Tian Dongyan , Yin Qingqing , Li Li , Zhang Xufei , Shi Genghe , Lu Xiaosheng , Yan Linzhi , Wang Ledan , Wen Bin , Zhao Yingzheng , Lin Jiajin , Wang Fang , Zhang Weixi , Chen Yijie
Published: June 2024

Blood transfusions save lives and improve health every day. Despite the matching of blood types being stricter than it ever has been, emergency transfusions among incompatible blood types are still inevitable in the clinic when there is a lack of acceptable blood types for recipients. Here to overcome this, a counter measure nanoplatform consisting of a polymeric core coated by a red blood cell (RBC) membrane is developed. With A‐type or B‐type RBC membrane camouflaging, the nanoplatform is capable of specifically capturing anti‐A or anti‐B IgM antibodies within B‐type or A‐type whole blood, thereby decreasing the corresponding IgM antibody levels and then allowing the incompatible blood transfusions. In addition to IgM, the anti‐RBC IgG antibody in a passive immunization murine model can likewise be neutralized by this nanoplatform, leading to prolonged circulation time of incompatible donor RBCs. Noteworthily, nanoplatform made by expired RBCs (>42 days stored hypothermically) and then subjected to lyophilization does not impair their effect on antibody neutralization. Most importantly, antibody‐captured RBC‐NP do not exacerbate the risk of inflammation, complement activation, and coagulopathy in an acute hemorrhagic shock murine model. Overall, this biomimetic nanoplatform can safely neutralize the antibody to enable incompatible blood transfusion.
CD9 Counteracts Liver Steatosis and Mediates GCGR Agonist Hepatic Effects
Authors: Zheng Yi , Wang Yuren , Xiong Xin , Zhang Linlin , Zhu Jiaran , Huang Bangliang , Liu Xiufei , Liu Jinbo , Zhu Zhiming , Yang Gangyi , Qu Hua , Zheng Hongting
Published: June 2024

Glucagon receptor (GCGR) agonism offers potentially greater effects on the mitigation of hepatic steatosis. However, its underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, it screened tetraspanin CD9 might medicate hepatic effects of GCGR agonist. CD9 is decreased in the fatty livers of patients and upregulated upon GCGR activation. Deficiency of CD9 in the liver exacerbated diet‐induced hepatic steatosis via complement factor D (CFD) regulated fatty acid metabolism. Specifically, CD9 modulated hepatic fatty acid synthesis and oxidation genes through regulating CFD expression via the ubiquitination‐proteasomal degradation of FLI1. In addition, CD9 influenced body weight by modulating lipogenesis and thermogenesis of adipose tissue through CFD. Moreover, CD9 reinforcement in the liver alleviated hepatic steatosis, and blockage of CD9 abolished the remission of hepatic steatosis induced by cotadutide treatment. Thus, CD9 medicates the hepatic beneficial effects of GCGR signaling, and may server as a promising therapeutic target for hepatic steatosis.
SIRT5‐Mediated Desuccinylation of RAB7A Protects Against Cadmium‐Induced Alzheimer's Disease‐Like Pathology by Restoring Autophagic Flux
Authors: Deng Ping , Fan Tengfei , Gao Peng , Peng Yongchun , Li Min , Li Jingdian , Qin Mingke , Hao Rongrong , Wang Liting , Li Min , Zhang Lei , Chen Chunhai , He Mindi , Lu Yonghui , Ma Qinlong , Luo Yan , Tian Li , Xie Jia , Chen Mengyan , Xu Shangcheng , Zhou Zhou , Yu Zhengping , Pi Huifeng
Published: June 2024

Cadmium (Cd) is a neurotoxic contaminant that induces cognitive decline similar to that observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Autophagic flux dysfunction is attributed to the pathogenesis of AD, and this study aimed to investigate the effect of autophagy on environmental Cd‐induced AD progression and the underlying mechanism. Here, Cd exposure inhibited autophagosome‐lysosome fusion and impaired lysosomal function, leading to defects in autophagic clearance and then to APP accumulation and nerve cell death. Proteomic analysis coupled with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified SIRT5 as an essential molecular target in Cd‐impaired autophagic flux. Mechanistically, Cd exposure hampered the expression of SIRT5, thus increasing the succinylation of RAB7A at lysine 31 and inhibiting RAB7A activity, which contributed to autophagic flux blockade. Importantly, SIRT5 overexpression led to the restoration of autophagic flux blockade, the alleviation of Aβ deposition and memory deficits, and the desuccinylation of RAB7A in Cd‐exposed FAD4T mice. Additionally, SIRT5 levels decrease mainly in neurons but not in other cell clusters in the brains of AD patients according to single‐nucleus RNA sequencing data from the public dataset GSE188545. This study reveals that SIRT5‐catalysed RAB7A desuccinylation is an essential adaptive mechanism for the amelioration of Cd‐induced autophagic flux blockade and AD‐like pathogenesis.
Vacancy Mediated Electrooxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethyl Furfuryl Using Defect Engineered Layered Double Hydroxide Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Usov Pavel M. , Ohtsu Hiroyoshi , Yuwono Jodie A. , Gerke Carter S. , Foley Gregory D. Y. , Hackbarth Haira , Webster Richard F. , Yang Yuwei , Lie William Hadinata , Ma Zhipeng , Thomsen Lars , Kawano Masaki , Bedford Nicholas M.
Published: June 2024

Electrochemical biomass oxidation coupled with hydrogen evolution offers a promising route to generate value‐added chemicals and clean energy. The complex adsorption behavior of 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and hydroxyl ions (OH−) on the electrocatalyst surface during HMF electrooxidation reaction (HMFOR) necessitates an in‐depth understanding of active sites available for adsorption. Herein, oxygen vacancy (VO) defects are introduced in NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) using Ce dopants to manipulate electronic structure. Synchrotron‐based HE‐XRD and XAS indicate negligible VO in La‐doped NiFe while Ce doping leads to VO defects due to flexible Ce redox (Ce3+↔ Ce4+). The VO‐rich Ce‐NiFe exhibits higher Faradic efficiency of ≈90% to produce 2,5‐furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), far greater than ≈60% for NiFe VO in Ce‐NiFe act as alternative active sites for OH− adsorption, hence reducing adsorption competition for the same metal sites. DFT calculation results corroborate experimental findings by showcasing that the presence of VO in Ce‐NiFe manipulates the adsorption energies and facilitates the chemical adsorption OH− in VO to improve HMFOR. In situ HE‐XRD derived pair distribution function coupled to RMC simulations confirm OH− trapping in VO and HMF adsorption on metal centers as evident by interlayer distance evolution. Taken together, this work showcases routes for dual‐site electrocatalyst design for improved biomass electrooxidation.
Why Perovskite Thermal Stress is Unaffected by Thin Contact Layers
Authors: McAndrews Gabriel R. , Ahmad Muneeza , Guo Boyu , Kaczaral Samantha C. , Amassian Aram , Rolston Nicholas , McGehee Michael D.
Published: June 2024

Metal halide perovskite photovoltaics have emerged as a high efficiency, low‐cost alternative that can potentially rival or enhance conventional silicon technology. Despite exceptional initial power conversion efficiencies, achieving compliance with international standards and widespread adoption requires further enhancements to their operational stability. Notably, addressing mechanical strain and stress in brittle perovskites has emerged as a pivotal approach to mitigate chemical degradation and improve reliability during thermal cycling. In this study, a popularized strain engineering strategy is investigated in which a high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) hole transport layer (i.e., PDCBT) is cast onto inorganic perovskite (CsPbI2Br) at 100 °C. Contrary to previously published results, the X‐ray diffraction (XRD):Sin2ψ and substrate curvature measurement techniques show that the hole transport layer has no discernible impact on perovskite strain. The accuracy of the XRD:Sin2ψ method for measuring strain is highlighted in contrast to an analysis based on shifts of single XRD peaks which can be influenced by multiple artifacts. The findings in this study are in accordance with mechanics theory: thin layers are unable to induce significant strain changes in perovskite thin films as the force they apply is negligible compared to that applied by a thick and stiff substrate.
Multifunctional Nanodiamond Interfacial Layer for Ultra‐Stable Zinc‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Liu Kai , Sun Mingzi , Yang Shuo , Gan Guoqiang , Bu Shuyu , Zhu Anquan , Lin Dewu , Zhang Tian , Luan Chuhao , Zhi Chunyi , Wang Pengfei , Huang Bolong , Hong Guo , Zhang Wenjun
Published: June 2024

Achieving reversible plating/stripping of zinc (Zn) anodes is crucial in aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs). However, undesired dendrite growth and parasitic side reactions severely deteriorate battery lifespan. The construction of stable protective coating is an effective strategy to enhance anode stability. In this study, a multifunctional nanodiamond (ND) inorganic layer is designed and constructed on both Zn and Cu electrodes that can both effectively inhibit dendrite growth and suppress Zn anode corrosion. Experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate that this artificial protective layer, with ultra‐high surface energy, enables the controlled creation of abundant nucleation sites (in the order of 1012 cm−2) for the homogenization of ion flux and electric field on the anode. It is found that zinc ions preferentially adhere to the diamond surfaces with lower diffusion barriers, leading to uniform zinc deposition. A symmetric cell with the ND‐protected Zn (Zn‐ND) anode exhibits reversible plating/stripping behavior for an impressive duration of over 3600 h at 1 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the MnO2||Zn full battery retains 90% of its initial capacity after 3500 cycles at 2 A g−1, and assembled hybrid capacitor operates smoothly over 65 000 cycles at 10 A g−1. These results underscore the potential of this coating as a promising solution for achieving highly stable Zn anodes for aqueous batteries.
Abdominal aortic calcification among gastroenterological and transplant surgery
Authors: Imaoka Yuki , Ohira Masahiro , Akabane Miho , Sasaki Kazunari , Ohdan Hideki
Published: June 2024

This review discusses the increasing global trend towards an aging population, which has resulted in a growing number of surgeries being performed on elderly patients, particularly those living with cancer. The focus was on the implications of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), an indicator of systemic atherosclerosis, in these patients. This comprehensive review provided evidence detailing the complex processes of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification and various approaches to assess this condition. The prevalence of AAC is related to multiple factors, including cardiovascular disease, inflammation, frailty in various types of gastroenterological surgery. Additionally, notable links were found between AAC, postoperative complications, and patient survival following gastroenterological surgery. This study highlights how AAC could negatively impact the health status of elderly patients and undermine treatment efficacy, stressing the need for more research in this domain to improve patient outcomes.
fNIRS as a biomarker for individuals with subjective memory complaints and MCI
Authors: Lee Tsz‐lok , Guo Lizhi , Chan Agnes S.
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Identifying individuals at risk of developing dementia is crucial for early intervention. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are considered its preceding stages. This study aimed to assess the utility of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in identifying individuals with MCI and SMC.

METHODS

One hundred fifty‐one participants were categorized into normal cognition (NC); amnestic MCI (aMCI); non‐amnestic MCI (naMCI); and mild, moderate, and severe SMC groups. Task‐related prefrontal hemodynamics were measured using fNIRS during a visual memory span task.

RESULTS

Results showed significantly lower oxyhemoglobin (HbO) levels in aMCI, but not in naMCI, compared to the NC. In addition, severe SMC had lower HbO levels than the NC, mild, and moderate SMC. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated 69.23% and 69.70% accuracy in differentiating aMCI and severe SMC from NC, respectively.

DISCUSSION

FNIRS may serve as a potential non‐invasive biomarker for early detection of dementia.

Highlights

Only amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), but not non‐amnestic MCI, showed lower oxyhemoglobin (HbO) than normal individuals.

Reduced HbO was observed in those with severe subjective memory complaints (SMCs) compared to normal cognition (NC), mild, and moderate SMCs.

Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy measures were associated with performance in memory assessments.

Prefrontal hemodynamics could distinguish aMCI and severe SMC from NC.
Social determinants of health but not global genetic ancestry predict dementia prevalence in Latin America
Authors: Llibre‐Guerra Jorge J. , Jiang Miao , Acosta Isaac , Sosa Ana Luisa , Acosta Daisy , Jimenez‐Velasquez Ivonne Z. , Guerra Mariella , Salas Aquiles , Rodriguez Salgado Ana M. , Llibre‐Guerra Juan C. , Sánchez Nedelys Díaz , Prina Matthew , Renton Alan , Albanese Emiliano , Yokoyama Jennifer S. , Llibre Rodriguez Juan J.
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Leveraging the nonmonolithic structure of Latin America, which represents a large variability in social determinants of health (SDoH) and high levels of genetic admixture, we aim to evaluate the relative contributions of SDoH and genetic ancestry in predicting dementia prevalence in Latin American populations.

METHODS

Community‐dwelling participants aged 65 and older (N = 3808) from Cuba, Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Peru completed the 10/66 protocol assessments. Dementia was diagnosed using the cross‐culturally validated 10/66 algorithm. Multivariate linear regression models adjusted for SDoH were used in the main analysis. This study used cross‐sectional data from the 1066 population‐based study.

RESULTS

Individuals with higher proportions of Native American (>70%) and African American (>70%) ancestry were more likely to exhibit factors contributing to worse SDoH, such as lower educational levels (p < 0.001), lower socioeconomic status (p < 0.001), and higher frequency of vascular risk factors (p < 0.001). After adjusting for measures of SDoH, there was no association between ancestry proportion and dementia probability, and ancestry proportions no longer significantly accounted for the variance in cognitive performance (African predominant p = 0.31 [‐0.19, 0.59] and Native predominant p = 0.74 [‐0.24, 0.33]).

DISCUSSION

The findings suggest that social and environmental factors play a more crucial role than genetic ancestry in predicting dementia prevalence in Latin American populations. This underscores the need for public health strategies and policies that address these social determinants to effectively reduce dementia risk in these communities.

Highlights

Countries in Latin America express a large variability in social determinants of health and levels of admixture.

After adjustment for downstream societal factors linked to SDoH, genetic ancestry shows no link to dementia.

Population ancestry profiles alone do not influence cognitive performance.

SDoH are key drivers of racial disparities in dementia and cognitive performance.
Progress in experimental models to investigate the in vivo and in vitro antidiabetic activity of drugs
Authors: Janapati Yasodha Krishna , Junapudi Sunil
Published: June 2024

Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's most prevalent and complex metabolic disorders, and it is a rapidly growing global public health issue. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, a condition involving a high blood glucose level brought on by deficiencies in insulin secretion, decreased activity of insulin, or both. Prolonged effects of diabetes include cardiovascular problems, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and vascular alterations in both macro‐ and micro‐blood vessels. In vivo and in vitro models have always been important for investigating and characterizing disease pathogenesis, identifying targets, and reviewing novel treatment options and medications. Fully understanding these models is crucial for the researchers so this review summarizes the different experimental in vivo and in vitro model options used to study diabetes and its consequences. The most popular in vivo studies involves the small animal models, such as rodent models, chemically induced diabetogens like streptozotocin and alloxan, and the possibility of deleting or overexpressing a specific gene by knockout and transgenic technologies on these animals. Other models include virally induced models, diet/nutrition induced diabetic animals, surgically induced models or pancreatectomy models, and non‐obese models. Large animals or non‐rodent models like porcine (pig), canine (dog), nonhuman primate, and Zebrafish models are also outlined. The in vitro models discussed are murine and human beta‐cell lines and pancreatic islets, human stem cells, and organoid cultures. The other enzymatic in vitro tests to assess diabetes include assay of amylase inhibition and inhibition of α‐glucosidase activity.
Elevating Discharge Voltage of Li2CO3‐Routine Li−CO2 Battery over 2.9 V at an Ultra‐Wide Temperature Window
Authors: Zhao Ning , Liu Limin , Lu Xuan , Li Yuyang , Wu Xiaosha , Peng Shaochen , Wei Jingwen , Gao Yang , Zhang Hanqi , Fan Yiming , Yin Zicheng , Feng Rongfen , Wang Ru , Hu Xiaofei , Ding Shujiang , Liu Wenfeng
Published: June 2024

The Li−CO2 batteries utilizing greenhouse gas CO2 possess advantages of high energy density and environmental friendliness. However, these batteries following Li2CO3‐product route typically exhibit low work voltage (<2.5 V) and energy efficiency. Herein, we have demonstrated for the first time that cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) as homogeneous catalyst can elevate the work plateau towards 2.98 V, which is higher than its theoretical discharge voltage without changing the Li2CO3‐product route. This unprecedented discharge voltage is illustrated by mass spectrum and electrochemical analyses that CoPc has powerful adsorption capability with CO2 (−7.484 kJ mol−1) and forms discharge intermediate of C33H16CoN8O2. Besides high discharge capacity of 18724 mAh g−1 and robust cyclability over 1600 hours (1000 mAh g−1 cut‐off) at a current density of 100 mA g−1, the batteries show high temperature adaptability (−30–80 °C). Our work is paving a promising avenue for the progress of high‐efficiency Li−CO2 batteries.
Copper‐Induced Supramolecular Peptide Assemblies for Multi‐Pathway Cell Death and Tumor Inhibition
Authors: Zhang Xiangyang , Zhang Buyue , Zhang Ying , Ding Yinghao , Zhang Zhenghao , Liu Qian , Yang Zhimou , Wang Ling , Gao Jie
Published: June 2024

Although self‐assembly has emerged as an effective tool for fabricating biomaterials, achieving precise control over the morphologies and functionalities of the resultant assemblies remains an ongoing challenge. Inspired by the copper peptide naturally present in human plasma, in this study, we designed a synthetic precursor, FcGH. FcGH can self‐assemble via two distinct pathways: spontaneous and Cu2+‐induced. These two assembly pathways enabled the formation of assemblies with tunable morphologies by adjusting the amount of added Cu2+. We found that the nanoparticles formed by Cu2+‐induced self‐assembly exhibited a significantly higher cellular uptake efficiency than the wormlike fibers formed spontaneously. Moreover, this Cu2+‐induced assembly process occurred spontaneously at a 1 : 1 molar ratio of Cu2+ to FcGH, avoiding the excessive use of Cu2+ and a tedious preparation procedure. By co‐assembling with 10‐hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT)‐conjugated FcGH, Cu2+‐induced supramolecular nanodrugs elicited multiple cell death modalities in cancer cells with elevated immunogenicity, enhancing the therapeutic effect compared to free HCPT. This study highlights Cu2+‐induced self‐assembly as an efficient tool for directing the assembly of nanodrugs and for synergistic tumor therapy.
Chemical‐based Hydrogen Storage Systems: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Prospectives
Authors: Ali Shahid , Abbas Noreen , Khan Safyan Akram , Malik Imran , Mansha Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Hydrogen (H2) is being acknowledged as the future energy carrier due to its high energy density and potential to mitigate the intermittency of other renewable energy sources. H2 also ensures a clean, carbon‐neutral, and sustainable environment for current and forthcoming generations by contributing to the global missions of decarbonization in the transportation, industrial, and building sectors. Several H2 storage technologies are available and have been employed for its secure and economical transport. The existing H2 storage and transportation technologies like liquid‐state, cryogenic, or compressed hydrogen are in use but still suffer from significant challenges regarding successful realization at the commercial level. These factors affect the overall operational cost of technology. Therefore, H2 storage demands novel technologies that are safe for mobility, transportation, long‐term storage, and yet it is cost‐effective. This review article presents potential opportunities for H2 storage technologies, such as physical and chemical storage. The prime characteristics and requirements of H2 storage are briefly explained. A detailed discussion of chemical‐based hydrogen storage systems such as metal hydrides, chemical hydrides (CH3OH, NH3, and HCOOH), and liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) is presented. Furthermore, the recent developments and challenges regarding hydrogen storage, their real‐world applications, and prospects have also been debated.
Using ex vivo bioengineered lungs to model pathologies and screening therapeutics: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Ahmadipour Mohammadali , Prado Jorge Castilo , Hakak‐Zargar Benyamin , Mahmood Malik Quasir , Rogers Ian M.
Published: June 2024

Respiratory diseases, claim over eight million lives annually. However, the transition from preclinical to clinical phases in research studies is often hindered, partly due to inadequate representation of preclinical models in clinical trials. To address this, we conducted a proof‐of‐concept study using an ex vivo model to identify lung pathologies and to screen therapeutics in a humanized rodent model. We extracted and decellularized mouse heart‐lung tissues using a detergent‐based technique. The lungs were then seeded and cultured with human cell lines (BEAS‐2B, A549, and Calu3) for 6−10 days, representing healthy lungs, cancerous states, and congenital pathologies, respectively. By manipulating cultural conditions and leveraging the unique characteristics of the cell lines, we successfully modeled various pathologies, including advanced‐stage solid tumors and the primary phase of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Validation was conducted through histology, immunofluorescence staining, and pathology analysis. Additionally, our study involved pathological screening of the efficacy and impact of key anti‐neoplastic therapeutics (Cisplatin and Wogonin) in cancer models. The results highlight the versatility and strength of the ex vivo model in representing crucial lung pathologies and screening therapeutics during the preclinical phase. This approach holds promise for bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical research, aiding in the development of effective treatments for respiratory diseases, including lung cancer.
In vitro degradation, swelling, and bioactivity performances of in situ forming injectable chitosan‐matrixed hydrogels for bone regeneration and drug delivery
Authors: Kocak Fatma Zehra , Yar Muhammad , Rehman Ihtesham U.
Published: June 2024

Injectable, tissue mimetic, bioactive, and biodegradable hydrogels offer less invasive regeneration and repair of tissues. The monitoring swelling and in vitro degradation capacities of hydrogels are highly important for drug delivery and tissue regeneration processes. Bioactivity of bone tissue engineered constructs in terms of mineralized apatite formation capacity is also pivotal. We have previously reported in situ forming chitosan‐based injectable hydrogels integrated with hydroxyapatite and heparin for bone regeneration, promoting angiogenesis. These hydrogels were functionalized by glycerol and pH to improve their mechano‐structural properties. In the present study, functionalized hybrid hydrogels were investigated for their swelling, in vitro degradation, and bioactivity performances. Hydrogels have degraded gradually in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) with and without lysozyme enzyme. The percentage weight loss of hydrogels and their morphological and chemical properties, and pH of media were analyzed. The swelling ratio of hydrogels (55%–68%(wt), 6 h of equilibrium) indicated a high degree of cross‐linking, can be suitable for controlled drug release. Hydrogels have gradually degraded reaching to 60%–70% (wt%) in 42 days in the presence and absence of lysozyme, respectively. Simulated body fluid (SBF)‐treated hydrogels containing hydroxyapatite‐induced needle‐like carbonated‐apatite mineralization was further enhanced by heparin content significantly.
Causal relationship between PCSK9 inhibitor and common neurodegenerative diseases: A drug target Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang Qiang , Zhang Qin , Cao Bei
Published: June 2024

Background

In addition to lowering cholesterol levels, the proprotein convertase subtilis kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor has a variety of effects, including anti‐neuroapoptosis. However, the effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on neurodegenerative diseases are controversial. Therefore, we used drug‐targeted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on different neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods

We collected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PCSK9 from published statistics of genome‐wide association studies and performed drug target MR analyses to detect a causal relationship between PCSK9 inhibitors and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. We utilized the effects of 3‐Hydroxy ‐3‐ methylglutaryl‐assisted enzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors (statin targets) for comparison with PCSK9 inhibitors. Coronary heart disease risk was used as a positive control, and primary outcomes included amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Results

PCSK9 inhibitors marginally reduced the risk of ALS (OR [95%] = 0.89 [0.77 to 1.00], p = 0.048), while they increased the risk of PD (OR [95%] = 1.417 [1.178 to 1.657], p = 0.004). However, HMGCR inhibitors increased the risk of PD (OR [95%] = 1.907 [1.502 to 2.312], p = 0.001).

Conclusion

PCSK9 inhibitors significantly reduce the risk of ALS but increase the risk of PD. HMGCR inhibitors may be the risk factor for PD.
The role of BACP in maximising the potential of counselling and psychological therapies research in the UK: Benefitting clients, communities, and societies
Authors: Barkham Michael , Charura Divine , Cooper Mick , Gabriel Lynne , Hanley Terry , McLeod John , Moller Naomi , Reeves Andrew , Smith Kate
Published: June 2024

The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) is the largest professional membership body within the field of counselling and psychological therapies in the UK, but there is a mismatch between its membership of >65,000 and its research impact. This article sets out a potential strategic direction as considered by an informal grouping of researchers and teachers in the field. Actionable research plans are outlined at three levels: client–practitioner, local communities, and societies. At the client–practitioner level, data‐informed practice can be readily implemented as a therapeutic aid akin to supervision, providing the potential for integrating research into everyday practice. At the community level, interdisciplinary collaborations together with a focus on equality, diversity, and inclusiveness are paths to building a community of researchers and citizens that includes marginalised populations. The importance of social justice extends to the societal level, connecting with politics at a micro and macro level, and engaging internationally to respond to actual threats (e.g., climate change). Across these three levels, high value is placed on data with its potential for informing and improving practice, but also enhancing the lives of people in communities and societies. Overall, research strategies need to be collaborative (i.e., collegial) and less singular (i.e., individually project‐based), developing cumulative knowledge around specific topics via a ‘capture and build’ strategy for small projects with strategic oversight by BACP. Clarity of research strategy combined with collaborative and collective action from BACP and leaders in the field can help realise the full potential of BACP's research capacity.