bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le nouvel intérêt social, un changement de modèle normatif
Authors: Tirel Morgane
Published: August 2021

Enjeu de pouvoir et reflet de controverses sur le rôle et la finalité de l’entreprise, l’intérêt social a fait son entrée dans le code civil, de manière éclatante, à la faveur de la « loi PACTE ». Contrairement à l’idée répandue selon laquelle cette consécration législative ne serait qu’une formalisation – à droit constant – de la jurisprudence, il est soutenu ici que le législateur a affirmé pour la première fois, bien qu’implicitement, une conception inédite, élargie, de l’intérêt social. En imposant une obligation de gérer la société conformément à son intérêt social en prenant en considération les enjeux sociaux et environnementaux liés à son activité, l’article 1833 alinéa 2 du code civil recèle cependant une ambiguïté fondamentale : le législateur a entendu faire des enjeux sociaux et environnementaux une composante de l’intérêt social, tout en exigeant qu’ils soient simplement « pris en considération ». Cet apparent paradoxe traduit en réalité un nouveau modèle normatif. Contournant l’obstacle qui aurait consisté – aux prix d’une insécurité juridique majeure – à imposer directement aux sociétés de se conformer à des enjeux sociaux et environnementaux indéterminés, le législateur a érigé une obligation de réflexion et de délibération sur ces enjeux au cours du processus de décision sociale, faisant le pari que cet impératif procédural modifiera l’agir pratique des acteurs concernés. Ce nouveau modèle normatif traduit une conception renouvelée du rôle et de la finalité de l’entreprise sociétaire, expressément dépositaire d’une certaine conception de l’intérêt général.
Pre-Service Teacher Preparation to Integrate Computational Thinking
Authors: Farmer Lesley S. J. , An Shuhua
Published: August 2021

United States education has experienced a big push for students to learn coding as part of computer science and more explicitly address computational thinking (CT). However, CT remains a challenging subject for many students, including pre-service teachers. CT, which overlaps mathematics and computer science, tends to be offered as an elective course, at best, in P-16 education. Pre-service teaching profession students usually do not have foundational knowledge to guide them in integrating computational thinking into the curriculum that they will eventually teach as instructors themselves. This chapter explains computational thinking in light of K-8 education, discusses issues and needs in integrating CT into K-8 curriculum, identifies relevant theories and models for teaching CT, describes current practice for integrating computational thinking into K-8 curriculum, and discusses pre-service teachers' preparation that can lead to their successful incorporation of CT into the curriculum.
Widowhood practices and the church in south-east Nigeria
Authors: Nwaoga Chinyere T. , Uroko Favour C. , Okoli Anuli B. , Okwuosa Lawrence
Published: August 2021

Widowhood practice is an unjust cultural practice directed against women who lose their husbands. The effects of this long-time culture on society, especially women, are continuing even in the 21st century as a result of rules, laws and regulations, and cultural values that have been laid down by the ancestors and nurtured by subsequent generations. The findings of the research indicated that discriminatory widowhood practices were humiliating to women and were made by men to relegate women to the background. This article, therefore, studied this cultural practice in Igboland in order to create a niche for the church in its alleviation. Nevertheless, it is on record that Christian churches have made remarkable efforts to alleviate the plight of widows. However, a lot is still expected for the total eradication of this age-old tradition.Contribution: The church has an enormous role to play in the fight against unjust cultural practices against women in Igboland. The church was chosen because of the respect that people of Igboland give to priests and other members of a religious community.
Frequency of urination as a presenting symptom in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Hashim Hashim Talib
Published: August 2021

Background:

COVID-19 has become a big challenge for the humanity and the public health; it is progressing in all the world and the number of cases exceeded the millions with a high rate of mortality. The disease is presented with a variety of symptoms and in different extents but predominantly with respiratory symptoms such as fever and shortness of breath.

Methodology:

It is a preliminary, descriptive cross-sectional study that includes 503 patients from four counties and more than ten isolation centres. It includes all the patients who were presented with frequency of urination in addition to the other disease's symptoms. The frequency of urination was identified by micturition frequency for more than 10 times a day with exclusion of the hormonal diseases related to the micturition.

Results:

96.23% of the patients were presenting with fever and 89.28% of them with dry cough, only 39.68% of them were with mild to no symptoms. 59.72% of them urinated for 10–13 times per 24 h and 49.6% of them have the symptom for 3-day duration. 82.43% of the patients have a small amount of urine (<300 cc) for each micturition. Some of them were recognised to have diabetes mellitus, hypertension and urinary tract infections.

Conclusion:

Frequent urination can be considered a new symptom for COVID-19 with some criteria of presentation The duration of the symptom ranging from 3 days to 10 days, and it depends on the case and the patient's age and gender in addition to the severity of the disease.
Pulmonary thromboembolism following seated immobility
Authors: Jesurun Lydia , Jose Hyma , Thomas Anil , Koshy Jency Maria
Published: August 2021

This report describes the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in a young healthy adult male who was driving an automatic car without interruption. There is mounting evidence that prolonged cramped sitting increases the risk of DVT of the legs and PE. We propose that a newer risk factor of seated immobility syndrome is the reason for this catastrophic development of DVT and PE in this patient.
Finding the possible link between physical activities, dietary nutrients and health on myofascial pain syndrome
Authors: Lalchhuanawma Andrew
Published: August 2021

Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a general term indicating a widespread muscular pain that arises from the musculoskeletal system and showing the characteristics of trigger points. MPS is the primary cause of disability, and a common complaint among the working-class and the middle-aged population. It has been estimated to affect 25 million persons in the US alone, and three-fourths of the general population at some point in their lifetime. The various causative factors associated with this chronic muscular pain disorder are yet indecisive and still ambiguous. Up till now, the primary notion for the development of MPS occurs through mechanical trauma; either indirectly through chronic repetitive stress disorder as a result of overloading of muscle, or directly as a result of external force such as muscle contusion. Among other probable causes, lack of physical activities and dietary nutrient-associated conditions on health may too, be responsible for the development of MPS. Although there is a dearth of evidence and information to suggest the integrated role of physical activities and dietary nutrients on MPS; this study suggests the possible link between sedentary lifestyle-physical inactivity and nutritional deficiencies, and MPS. Food and nutrition, coupled with physical activity richly serve as the foundation for optimizing the overall health status. Eating the right food and staying physically active helps maintain a healthy body, reduces the overall risks of developing MPS and other associated chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, stroke and diabetes.
Multiple myeloma presented with renal failure in a patient with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Tharwat Samar , Nassar Mohammed Kamal
Published: August 2021

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary auto-inflammatory disorder characterised by repeated attacks of fever associated with polyserositis. The association between multiple myeloma (MM) and FMF has been rarely reported. Here, we describe a 39-year-old male with a long history of FMF presenting with acute kidney injury that has been proved to be caused by myeloma cast nephropathy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fourth case to be reported with such association in the literature.
Risk factors for feed intolerance in very low birth weight infants
Authors: Fursule Anurag , Modi Manoj , Saluja Satish , Soni Arun
Published: August 2021

Background and Objectives:

Very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates are at risk of feed intolerance (FI) and necrotising enterocolitis. We planned this study to evaluate the risk factors for FI in VLBW neonates.

Methods:

Medical records of VLBW neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during the study period were retrieved. Demographic and clinical characteristics of neonates with and without FI were studied. FI was defined as the presence of one or more of the following: Vomiting more than three times during the previous 24-h period, any episode of bile or blood-stained vomitus, an increase in abdominal girth of more 2 cm from baseline, abdominal wall erythema or tenderness, blood in stools. Factors associated with FI were identified by univariate analysis and those found significantly associated with FI were investigated using logistic regression analysis. Characteristics of neonates with Absent or reversed end diastolic doppler flow (AREDF), started on feeds within 24 h and after 24 h were also investigated.

Results:

Of 129 VLBW neonates enrolled in the study, 72 (55.8%) neonates experienced FI during NICU stay. The mean (standard deviation) birth weights and gestation of neonates in FI and No-FI groups were 1075 (231) and 1265 (201) grams (P < 0.01) and 29.5 (2.1) and 31.2 (2.5) weeks (P < 0.01), respectively. On univariate analysis, birth weight, gestational age and male gender were significant risk factors associated with FI. On multivariate analysis, gestational age and male gender were independent risk factors for FI in VLBW neonates. Among neonates with AREDF, there was no difference in the incidence of FI in those initiated on feeds within 24 h, versus those initiated after 24 h; 47.4%, 69.2%, respectively (P = 0.14).

Conclusions:

Lower gestation and male gender are significant risk factors for FI in VLBW infants. Early feeding <24 h in infants with abnormal Doppler flows is not associated with an increased risk of FI.
Recurrent paediatric gastrointestinal stromal tumour of the stomach after 11-years follow-up period – Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ali Khadiga M. , Mohamed Mie Ali , Elkholy Ikbal A. , Altonbary Ahmed Y. , Abdallah Ahmed , Metwally Islam H. , EL-Adalany Mohamed A. , Zalata Khaled R.
Published: August 2021

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most frequent mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract, but they are rare in children. We report a case of a recurrent GIST that was first diagnosed in a 10 years old girl and underwent antrectomy. After 11 years, she again complained of vomiting and abdominal pain. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a submucosal lesion in the posterior gastric wall. Computed tomography of the chest, abdomen and pelvis confirmed the absence of distant metastasis or enlarged lymph nodes. She underwent wide local excision with a safety margin and reconstruction. Pathologic examination of the excised mass confirmed the diagnosis of recurrent GIST. She is doing well without evidence of third recurrence or metastasis after 13 months of follow-up with a multidisciplinary team till present. GISTs are very uncommon in paediatric patients and patients should be managed in the context of a clinical trial and in tertiary centres familiar with the treatment of the disease.
Conservation's All about Having a Blether and Getting People on Board
Authors: Staddon Sam
Published: August 2021

A ‘blether’ is a colloquial Scottish term signifying ‘a lengthy chat between friends', and this paper draws its inspiration from the conservationist who suggested that ‘having a blether’ and ‘getting people on board’ is what conservation is all about. Contributing to scholarship on conservation conflict and on convivial conservation, this paper explores the ‘who', ‘where’ and ‘when’ of ‘having a blether', seeking to understand what might cultivate and contribute to cooperative relations between conservationists and other land-managers. It draws on feminist political ecology and anthropologies of conservation to provide a framework with which to unpack the personal, spatial and temporal dimensions of conservation relationships, and applies this to a case study in the Cairngorms National Park in Scotland. Considering the ‘who’ in conservation relations, led to looking beyond professional affiliations to highlight the importance of intersectional identities and interests, as expressed through personal connections and emotions. Considering the ‘where’ of cooperation for conservation, so-called ‘informal’ and ‘everyday spaces’ were found to be highly significant as shared sites in which productive relationships can be built. Considering the ‘when’ of conservation relations revealed their emergent nature, and of the building of understanding and appreciation through shared pasts and experiences. This paper promotes the need to open up and move beyond stereotyped stakeholder groups, to consider what promotes not only commonalities but also appreciation of differences. It also draws attention to the political and structural forces that mediate conservation relations and shutdown opportunities for greater cooperation and inclusivity. Ultimately, this paper highlights the need for dialogue and for listening to diverse others with care and attention, seeing the ideal and practice of ‘having a blether’ and ‘getting people on board’ as a way to promote cooperative – or convivial – conservation.
Microbial and Composition Changes during Vermicomposting Process Resulting from Decomposable Domestic Waste, Cow Manure and Dewatered Sludge
Authors: Parseh Iman , Mousavi Keyvan , Badieenejad Ahmad , Golbini Mofrad Mohammad Mehdi , Hashemi Majid , Azadbakht Omid , Karimi Hosein
Published: August 2021

Aim:

Although vermicomposting is rich in nutrients, the virulent microbes and pathogens present in it may be a threat to human health and the environment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the microbial quality of produced vermicompost, including fecal coliform and parasitic eggs, at a pilot scale, and compare it to present standards.

Materials and Methods:

Three various reactors containing decomposable domestic waste (T1), cow manure (T2), and dewatered sludge (T3) were used to produce vermicompost using Eisenia fetida. According to the standard methods, fecal coliforms, parasitic eggs, and some of the treatment characteristics including organic carbons, nitrogen, temperature, humidity, pH, electrical conductivity and metals were evaluated during the 56-day operation period.

Results:

According to the results, the number of fecal coliforms in treatments of T1, T2 and T3 reduced from 2.5 × 104, 6 × 105 and 15 × 106 to 1000, 1500 and 1500 MPN/g dw, respectively. All parasite eggs reached zero after the 3rd week. At the end of the study, the average of organic carbon in T1, T2, and T3 were 35.4 ± 6%, 50.7 ± 5%, and 58.4 ± 7%, respectively. This value for total nitrogen were 0.9 ± 0.2%, 1.8 ± 0.7%, and 4.2 ± 1.2%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Results showed that the worm E. fetida has a great ability to reduce pathogens without the need for an increase in temperature. Furthermore, it can be concluded that vermicompost can improve the quality of compost in 8 weeks. The vermicomposting process can also greatly destroy the fecal coliforms and all parasite eggs.
Determination of reference intervals from a laboratory database of an academic clinical research unit in a tertiary care teaching hospital and an audit of out of range values
Authors: Figer Brinal H. , Raj Jeffrey Pradeep , Thaker Saket J. , Gogtay Nithya Jaideep , Thatte Urmila Mukund
Published: August 2021

Background:

Abnormal laboratory values are a common reason for the exclusion of participants in clinical studies, increasing the recruitment time and cost during conduct. The use of sample-specific reference intervals (RIs) may help to address this issue. Hence, the present study derived site-specific RIs using the department laboratory database and compare the proportion of “out of range” (OOR) values between the new and the old RIs used by the trial site.

Methods:

Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained. Data for hematology and biochemistry parameters were analyzed. Normality was assessed and RIs computed using nonparametric method. Data were partitioned for gender and descriptive statistics applied for demographics. The OOR values based on new RIs were compared with old RIs using Chi-squared tests. Between gender OOR proportions compared using Chi-squared test (significance at P< 0.05). Post hoc analysis was performed with Beasley's technique.

Results:

Data of 601 participants were analyzed. The median (Inter Quartile Range) age was 22 (47) years and 64.72% were male. New RIs for key parameters were: Haemoglobin (9.3–16.5 g/dl), alanine aminotransferase (11.4–47.74 U/I), aspartate aminotransferase (8.8–58 U/I), total bilirubin (0.27–1.4 mg/dl), and creatinine (0.59–1.36 mg/dl). Post partitioning, the RI for hemoglobin (g/dl) was lower (8.72–15.72) in females. The proportion of OOR values were lower with new RIs relative to old laboratory RIs (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

A reduction in the proportion of OORs and a change in the upper and lower bound laboratory intervals with new RIs emphasize the need for sample-specific ranges to prevent unnecessary exclusions of volunteers from trials.
Determinants of Telerehabilitation Acceptance among Patients Attending Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs in the United States
Authors: Almojaibel Abdullah A. , Munk Niki , Goodfellow Lynda T. , Fisher Thomas F. , Miller Kristine K. , Comer Amber R. , Bakas Tamilyn , Justiss Michael D.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an interdisciplinary intervention designed to improve the physical status and the psychological condition of people with chronic respiratory diseases. To improve patients' participation in PR programs, telerehabilitation has been introduced.

Objective:

This study aimed to identify factors that could influence the intention to use telerehabilitation among patients attending traditional PR programs.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study recruited subjects attending the PR centers in the hospitals of the Indiana State University, United States of America, between January and May 2017. Data were collected using self-administered Tele-Pulmonary Rehabilitation Acceptance Scale (TPRAS). TPRAS had two subscales: perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Behavioral intention (BI) was the dependent variable, and all responses were dichotomized into positive and negative intention to use. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to assess the influence of variables on the intention to use telerehabilitation.

Results:

A total of 134 respondents were included in this study, of which 61.2% indicated positive intention to use telerehabilitation. Perceived usefulness was a significant predictor of the positive intentions to use of telerehabilitation. Duration of respiratory disease was negatively associated with the use of telerehabilitation.

Conclusion:

Perceived usefulness was a significant predictor of using telerehabilitation. The findings of this study may be useful for health-care organizations in improving the adoption of telerehabilitation or in its implementation. Future telerehabilitation acceptance studies could explore the effects of additional factors including computer literacy and culture on the intention to use telerehabilitation.
Unusual Presentation of Lipofibromatosis-Like Neural Tumor in an Adult
Authors: Zarak Muhammad Samsoor , Sliker Taylor , Javadi Tiffany , Ullah Asad , Heneidi Saleh G. , Biddinger Paul , Savage Natasha M. , Homlar Kelly , Clarence Joe , White Joseph
Published: August 2021

Lipofibromatosis-like neural tumor (LPF-NT) is a rare variant of lipofibromatosis. Standard lipofibromatosis tumors show a predilection for the distal extremities of male children or young adults and are typically painless, slow-growing, subcutaneous or deep soft tissue masses. We present a case of a 50-year-old male with a slowly expanding, right foot mass. Physical examination revealed a painful, non-tender firm mass on the right medial foot. Magnetic imaging studies revealed a poorly defined soft tissue mass extending through subcutaneous tissue up to the dermis. Histologic examination revealed a spindle cell neoplasm. Immunohistochemistry showed co-expression of S100 protein, CD34 and TRK. In addition, the lesion was found to be positive for the LMNA-NTRK1 fusion by next-generation sequencing. These findings were supportive of a diagnosis of LPF-NT. At 3-month post-excision, the patient had no pain and repeat imaging indicated no evidence of tumor. The authors recommended including LPF-NT in the differential diagnosis of masses or lesions that are fibro-fatty tumors.
Transient Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-positive Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Following Influenza A Infection
Authors: Nasa Prashant , Mortada Mohamed , Singh Aanchal , Malhotra Vickrant , Syed Habib
Published: August 2021

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an uncommon disease generally with a preceding history of infectious illness. Here, we report a rare case of ADEM following influenza A infection with transient detection of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody in a young male patient who presented with extensive demyelination of brain and spinal cord, likely the result of dysregulated immune response from previous influenza A infection. The patient presented to the emergency with urinary retention and progressive ascending weakness of lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord showed multiple ill-defined hyperintensities, suggestive of demyelination. The clinical presentation, MRI findings, cerebrospinal fluid examination, negative anti-aquaporin-4 antibody and metabolic and other viral infectious screening supported the diagnosis of ADEM. The patient had transiently positive anti-MOG antibodies (for 3 months) and was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin followed by oral prednisolone for 3 months. There was a significant recovery in the upper limb weakness and brainstem function. This case highlights the association of anti-MOG antibody with ADEM following viral infections and the need for prolonged follow-up to differentiate between transient antibodies from relapsing MOG antibody disease.
Análisis de la situación actual del mantenimiento centrado en la confiabilidad RCM
Authors: Andrade-Solórzano Carlos Luis , Herrera-Suárez Miguel
Published: August 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en realizar un análisis de la situación actual del mantenimiento centrado en la confiabilidad (RCM) en la industria, así como mostrar en forma detallada una metodología para su aplicación. Para complementar dicho objetivo se realizó un análisis bibliográfico, para lo cual se consultaron las principales bases de datos que contienen literatura especializada sobre esta temática, además se realizó un estudio histórico lógico del surgimiento y evolución de este tipo de gestión de mantenimiento. Los resultados, exponen las bases teóricas y fundamentan la gestión del mantenimiento centrada en la confiabilidad con respecto a los aspectos actuales, tradiciones y particularidades de la gestión eficiente del mantenimiento. Se detalló, además el procedimiento para la elaboración del análisis de modos y efectos de fallas (AMEF), mostrando que tanto el procedimiento RCM como la metodología AMEF son sistemáticos y parten de una secuencia lógica, orientada a priorizar los equipos y reducir los costos de la actividad de mantenimiento en la medida que se crea una confiabilidad operacional.

Palabras clave: Confiabilidad, RCM, Mantenimiento, Gestión.
Emisiones de gases contaminantes en vehículos livianos a gasolina
Authors: Velepucha-Sánchez Jorge Milton , Sabando-Piguabe Luis Felipe
Published: August 2021

El estudio tuvo como objetivo central la determinación de emisiones de gases contaminantes en vehículos livianos a gasolina del parque automotor de la universidad técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador. Como metodología se aplicó en enfoque cuantitativo de la investigación, mediante un diseño cuasi experimental, empleando la técnica de la observación apoyada en instrumentos tecnológicos para la toma de datos del objeto de estudio, tal como el analizador de gases, para posteriormente procesar la información en gráficas y tablas; la muestra poblacional la constituyeron 10 vehículos a gasolina, de los cuales 8 corresponden a la década del 2000 en adelante y 2 a la década del 90, según la normativa NTE INEN 2204. Se obtuvo como resultados los tipos de emisiones contaminantes producidos por los vehículos de ambas décadas, durante la prueba estática y la prueba dinámica, logrando establecerse el cumplimiento de los parámetros de emisiones contaminantes que norma la NTE INEN 2204, exceptuando los datos de un solo vehículo (1% de la muestra) que no cumplía la normativa, cuya fabricación corresponde a los años 90. Se pudo concluir que los valores resultantes son producto de las condiciones del motor de los vehículos y su vida útil alargada dado el mantenimiento que se les proporciona en los centros de mantenimiento.

Palabras clave: contaminación, gases, gasolina, mantenimiento, vehículo.
EVOLUCIÓN DE LA NORMA ISO 14001 Y SU IMPLEMENTACIÓN EN EL ECUADOR
Authors: Zambrano-Carranza Doris Maribel , Pérez-Parra Jean Carlos , Perero-Espinoza Galo Arturo
Published: August 2021

La norma ISO 14001, es un marco que define las reglas para integrar las preocupaciones ambientales en las actividades de las organizaciones con el fin de controlar los impactos ambientales y así conciliar los requisitos operativos de la organización con el respeto al ambiente. Partiendo de ello el objetivo del presente artículo es analizar como la norma ISO 14001 ha evolucionado a nivel internacional y como ha sido implementada en Ecuador. Proceso que se llevó a cabo mediante un análisis teórico que permitió establecer que: los numerosos beneficios que ofrece la norma, lo que genera un cambio positivo para los diferentes sectores económico, permitiendo un enfoque integral y activo de los aspectos ambientales de las organizaciones. Respecto a cómo la generación de certificaciones a nivel continental es posible establecer que en África presentó un 39,53% de creciente de certificaciones, seguido de Asia con el 29,91%, América con 3,99% y Europa con un crecimiento de 1,28%, estableciendo así la intención internacional de la aplicación de la norma ISO 14001. En países como Ecuador, Colombia, Perú y Uruguay, los sectores de mayor aplicación son el sector transporte, almacenamiento y comunicación, el sector construcción y otros sectores no catalogados. En el caso ecuatoriano, es necesario que se aumente el número de certificaciones siendo que el mismo se encuentra en el sexto puesto en comparación con los países del continente americano.

Palabras claves: Sistema de gestión ambiental, Ventajas de la norma ISO 14001.
COVID-19: UNA MIRADA EN PEDAGOGÍA VIRTUAL EN EL CONTEXTO UNIVERSITARIO
Authors: Cedeño-Barcia Lizandro Agustín , Flores-Tena María José , Cedeño-Barcia María Monserrate
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de la investigación es identificar cuáles han sido las principales herramientas pedagógicas que se implementaron dentro de las aulas virtuales de una institución de educación superior de Ecuador. Se aplica una metodología cuantitativa con un enfoque dinámico; para desarrollar el levantamiento de datos se desarrolló una batería en google forms que destaca los aspectos de: estrategias utilizadas, recursos y la forma de ingreso de los estudiantes para ejecutar las tareas proporcionadas por los docentes. Los resultados indican que la implementación de la modalidad virtual ha coexistido de manera positiva, llegando a compensar la continuidad de los estudios, y que los alumnos adoptaron una actitud efectiva. Como parte de una de las conclusiones, se puede empatar que la pandemia producida por el COVID-19, cambio la vida de los educandos, de las universidades, siendo la educación una de las más afectadas en donde han tenido que restructurar un sistema presencial a uno sincrónico y asincrónico.

Palabras claves: COVID-19, Pedagogía virtual, Plataforma virtual, herramientas pedagógicas.
Some equinumerous pattern-avoiding classes of permutations
Authors: Atkinson M. D.
Published: August 2021

Suppose that p,q,r,s are non-negative integers with m=p+q+r+s. The class X(p,q,r,s) of permutations that contain no pattern of the form α β γ where |α |=r, |γ |=s and β is any arrangement of \1,2,\ldots,p\∪ \m-q+1, m-q+2, \ldots,m\ is considered. A recurrence relation to enumerate the permutations of X(p,q,r,s) is established. The method of proof also shows that X(p,q,r,s)=X(p,q,1,0)X(1,0,r,s) in the sense of permutational composition.\par 2000 MATHEMATICS SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION: 05A05
A birational lifting of the Stanley-Thomas word on products of two chains
Authors: Joseph Michael , Roby Tom
Published: August 2021

The dynamics of certain combinatorial actions and their liftings to actions
at the piecewise-linear and birational level have been studied lately with an
eye towards questions of periodicity, orbit structure, and invariants. One key
property enjoyed by the rowmotion operator on certain finite partially-ordered
sets is homomesy, where the average value of a statistic is the same for all
orbits. To prove refined versions of homomesy in the product of two chain
posets, J. Propp and the second author used an equivariant bijection discovered
(less formally) by R. Stanley and H. Thomas.
We explore the lifting of this "Stanley--Thomas word" to the
piecewise-linear, birational, and noncommutative realms. Although the map is no
longer a bijection, so cannot be used to prove periodicity directly, it still
gives enough information to prove the homomesy at the piecewise-linear and
birational levels (a result previously shown by D. Grinberg, S. Hopkins, and S.
Okada). Even at the noncommutative level, the Stanley--Thomas word of a poset
labeling rotates cyclically with the lifting of antichain rowmotion. Along the
way we give some formulas for noncommutative antichain rowmotion that we hope
will be first steps towards proving the conjectured periodicity at this level.
Effectiveness of Periarticular Infiltration of the Knee during Total Knee Arthroplasty for Postoperative Pain Management
Authors: Mishra Bibhuti Nath , Chowdhury Joydeep Banerjee , Raman Rajeev , Chakraborty Dipmalya , Karmakar Tanmoy
Published: August 2021

Background: Different treatment regimens of analgesia, nerve blocks and epidurals are used for pain relief in Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) is one of the modalities in which a cocktail combination of different medicines is infiltrated locally into the capsule, surrounding tissues or intraarticular joint space. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of periarticular injection of combination drugs (Bupivacaine, Ketorolac and Morphine) during TKA for postoperative pain management.

Methods: Total of 150 patients who underwent primary unilateral TKA were randomly categorized into 2 groups (75 each). Group A (control group) didn’t receive intraoperative periarticular injection but Group-B received the intraoperative injection of combined local analgesics and anaesthetics (Bupivacaine, Ketorolac and Morphine). Pain following surgery at 0, 1, and 2 postoperative days were recorded with visual analogue scale (VAS) whereas Knee Society Score was used to evaluate the pain and function pre-operative and 3 months’ post-operative. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software.

Results: Patients receiving periarticular infiltration of combination drugs intraoperatively had lower VAS for postoperative pain (p < 0.001) and this group also showed reduced need of analgesia postoperatively.

Conclusions: Periarticular infiltration of knee during Total Knee Arthroplasty is effective in management of postoperative pain

Keywords: Periarticular; Total Knee Arthroplasty; combination drugs; postoperative pain
Preventing Falls in Long-Term Care Using Patient-Centered Fall Interventions
Authors:   , Blakley Angela
Published: August 2021

Practice Problem: The practice problem identified within the Community Living Center included continuous falls, despite using current fall prevention strategies and provider-driven interventions. Baseline data reflected a fall rate of 4.2 in the long-term care areas despite improving the fall prevention program. PICOT: The PICOT question that guided this project was: In older adult residents (P), what is the effect of a standing operating procedure (SOP) using patient-centered interventions (I) compared to physician-driven fall interventions (C) on decreasing falls and falls with injuries (O) within one month (T)? Evidence: In twelve high-quality articles that fit the eligibility criteria and contained EBP literature, the overwhelming evidence revealed that an SOP encompassing patient-centered fall interventions could decrease LTC falls and falls within injury rates. Outcome: Observations reflected the nursing staff utilized the SOP and patient-centered fall interventions in practice; however, fall rates on both LTC #1 and LTC #2 increased from baseline, but the falls with injury rates remained zero. Patient satisfaction measured a weighted mean score of 4.7 of 5 points, representing satisfaction with the patient-centered interventions and nurses as a whole. Conclusion: The EBP project did not result in an overall reduction in the fall rates; however, falls with injury rates remained at zero. Furthermore, the patient's overall satisfaction with the nurses and patient-centered fall prevention program was favorable. It is essential to note that due to COVID-19 related events, the project halted after 30 days, and the results might have been different if implemented 90 days as initially projected.
Hands-on training on inhaled devices to boost pharmacy students’ performance during inhaler counselling
Authors: Jamil Nurdiana , Wan Norhaidi Wan Nur Syafiqa , Zakaria Syahiera Farhana
Published: August 2021

Objective: The effective use of inhalers depends on completeness of information from healthcare providers. As pharmacists acquire foundational skills on inhalers from their undergraduate curriculum, the experience and performance of pharmacy students regarding inhaler counselling should be explored.

Methods: Pharmacy students who completed their final year of study answered an online questionnaire on their experience with teaching-learning activities on inhalers. Students also underwent an objective structured clinical exam that included Turbuhaler device counselling.

Results: 84 students who completed the online questionnaire strongly agreed that the curriculum increased their awareness of different types of inhalers (65.5%) and specific techniques for use (64.3%). Students reported being able to counsel on metered-dose inhaler (98.8%) and dry-powder inhaler (92.8%) techniques. Students performed well (mean=9.4, SD=2.7) at Turbuhaler counselling from a full score of 14.

Conclusions: The current training on inhaler devices was useful for the pharmacy students. Future training should emphasise supplementary advice on inhaler taste and gargling.
Learning styles preferences among graduate and undergraduate pharmacy students in Pakistan: Does it matter?
Authors: Malik Madeeha , Ahmad Mahjabeen , Hussain Azhar
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The quality of student learning depends on the approaches that are used for learning. An association exists between different learning methodologies and learning outcomes. 
Objective: The present study was designed to assess preferences for different learning styles among pharmacy students in Islamabad, Pakistan. 
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A self-administered pre-validated questionnaire VARK version 8.0 was distributed to 387 undergraduate students from both public and private pharmacy schools located in Islamabad and 100 graduate students selected from public sector pharmacy schools using the convenience sampling technique. After data collection, it was cleaned, coded, and analysed using SPSS version 21. 
Results: The results of the present study showed that the most common learning style among graduate students was Aural (Total Score = 492), followed by kinesthetic (Total Score = 467), read/write (Total Score = 351), and visual (Total Score = 290). On the other hand, the most common learning style among undergraduate students was Aural (Total score = 1926), followed by kinesthetic (Total score = 1859), read/write (Total score = 1241), and visual (Total score = 1166). 
Conclusion: The result of the present study concluded aural as the most preferred learning style followed by kinesthetic among both undergraduate and graduate pharmacy students. Graduate female pharmacy students showed more preference towards kinesthetic learning style as compared to graduate male students who showed more preference towards aural learning modality. However, both undergraduate and graduate male and female students preferred aural learning style. Identifying the learning style at the start of pharmacy degree can help mentors to assess the appropriate field for them after graduation. Moreover, information regarding such styles would be helpful for stakeholders to devise effective strategies for teaching and introduce changes accordingly into the curriculum.
Simulation of drug information skills in the medical information department
Authors: Nguyen Cambrey
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To utilise DIcipher, an escape-room challenge, to provide a simulation of using drug information (DI) skills to answer drug questions in the medical information (MI) department within the pharmaceutical industry.   
Methods: The 15-minute challenge required the groups to solve one clue and retrieve DI questions about iron deficiency anaemia. DI resources were used to search for answers to unlock a box with the antidote. A debriefing session followed and a Likert scale survey was administered to obtain student perception.   
Results: A total of 15 second to fourth year pharmacy students at university participated in the challenge and completed the survey. No groups retrieved the antidote by answering all of the questions correctly. All students agreed that the challenge provided a realistic view of how to apply DI skills in an industry-based setting.    
Conclusion: This challenge demonstrated the function of a pharmacist in the MI department to pharmacy students.
Training university students as vaccination champions to promote vaccination in their multiple identities and help address vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Ali Nusayba , Ashiru-Oredope Diane , Murdan Sudaxshina
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Covid-19 related vaccine hesitancy is a major problem worldwide and it risks delaying the global effort to control the pandemic.  Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy is also higher in certain communities.  Given that prescriber recommendation and community engagement are two effective ways of addressing vaccine hesitancy, training university students to become vaccination champions could be a way of addressing hesitancy, as the champions engage with their communities in their multiple identities. 
Aim: This study aims to assess the impact of a pilot project conducted in the UCL School of Pharmacy that could pave a way of integrating vaccination championing in the pharmacy undergraduate curriculum to address vaccine hesitancy.
Method: Participants completed a pre-workshop questionnaire, attended an online workshop, conducted vaccination-promoting action/s, and provided evidence via a post-workshop questionnaire.
Result: Fifty three students completed the course. The students’ vaccination-promoting actions ranged from speaking with vaccine-hesitant family, friends and customers in the pharmacy, to posting on various social media platforms. Post-workshop showed an increase in the knowledge of participants regarding vaccination and a decrease in the belief of vaccine misconceptions. After attending the workshop, participants were more likely to engage with vaccine-hesitant friends, family, strangers and patients. They were also more likely to receive the Covid-19 vaccine for them and for their children.
Análise do sistema de conceito geométrico presente no livro didático do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Ferreira Merly Palma , Moraes Silvia Pereira Gonzaga de
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste texto é analisar sistema de conceito geométrico presente no livro didático Ápis do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Questionamos qual a qualidade do ensino de conceitos geométricos, presente no livro didático, na direção e formação do pensamento matemático do estudante. Para esta análise, utilizamos a abordagem teórico-metodológica da Teoria Histórico-Cultural e da Teoria da Atividade no âmbito do materialismo histórico e dialético. Constatamos que, na organização pedagógica proposta pelo livro didático, o conteúdo trabalhado não se torna objeto de atenção e estudo por parte do estudante, as tarefas assumem uma direção técnica e repetitiva, voltadas para o como fazer e não ao porquê fazer, limitando o desenvolvimento das operações mentais, visto que se distanciam do objeto de estudo e seu processo histórico de produção, via para a unidade entre os sistemas de conceitos geométricos.
Estimation of Velocity of a Frictionless Motion of a Truck on an Infinitely Long Straight Rail
Authors: Ogwola P , Sullayman MB
Published: August 2021

This paper is concerned with estimation of velocity of a frictionless motion of a truck on an infinitely long straight rail. For simplicity assume that the Truck is controlled only by the throttle producing an accelerative force per unit mass. A discrete dynamic model of first order difference equation is to describe the system. Kalman filtering technique is applied to the discrete dynamic model to estimate the velocity of the Truck at any particular time. A computer programme is developed to simulate the system
Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Techniques for the Classification of Hate Speech
Authors: Iorliam A , Agber S , Dzungwe MP , Kwaghtyo DK , Bum S
Published: August 2021

Social media provides opportunities for individuals to anonymously communicate and express hateful feelings and opinions at the comfort of their rooms. This anonymity has become a shield for many individuals or groups who use social media to express deep hatred for other individuals or groups, tribes or race, religion, gender, as well as belief systems. In this study, a comparative analysis is performed using Long Short-Term Memory and Convolutional Neural Network deep learning techniques for Hate Speech classification. This analysis demonstrates that the Long Short-Term Memory classifier achieved an accuracy of 92.47%, while the Convolutional Neural Network classifier achieved an accuracy of 92.74%. These results showed that deep learning techniques can effectively classify hate speech from normal speech.
Effects of Abattoir Effluents on Heavy Metal Tolerance, Bacteriological Quality and Physicochemical Parameters of Contaminated Soil in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ja’afaru MI , Adeyemo OM , Okafor CH , Bristone P
Published: August 2021

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of effluent produced from Yola abattoir on the heavy metals, the physicochemical parameters and the bacteriological quality of the contaminated soil. Stratified sampling technique was used to collect soil samples from the abattoir environment. Isolation of bacteria, cultural and biochemical characteristics were assessed using pour-plate and conventional techniques. Heavy metals presence was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Heavy metal tolerance by bacteria was done by agar plate method. The molecular identification was carried out using 16S rRNA gene of the bacteria. All data obtained were subjected to statistical analyses using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test. Total bacterial count ranged from 6.19 x 105 and 8.50 x 105 CFU/mL. Bacterial species of Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli were isolated and identified. The highest mean value of the physicochemical parameters for pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen content, water holding capacity, total solid and total suspended solid of the effluent contaminated soil were 7.03, 7.97 %, 13.76 %, 2.48 %, 3346 g/cm, 1263 mg/L and 872 mg/L respectively. The minimum tolerance concentration of 50 ppm for copper, iron, zinc and cobalt was observed with a bacterium identified to be a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The isolated and identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa HBS2 strain has the potential to be used in bioremediation.
An Empirical Investigation of the Random Walk Hypothesis in the Nigerian Stock Market
Authors: Kuhe DA , Akor J
Published: August 2021

The Random Walk Hypothesis (RWH) states that stock prices move randomly in the stock market without following any regular or particular pattern and as such historical information contained in the past prices of stocks cannot be used to predict current or future stock prices. Hence, stock prices are unpredictable and that investors cannot usurp any available information in the market to manipulate the market and make abnormal profits. This study empirically examines the random walk hypothesis in the Nigerian stock market using the daily quotations of the Nigerian stock exchange from 2nd January, 1998 to 31st December, 2019. The study employs Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, the random walk model, Ljung-Box Q-statistic test for serial dependence, runs test of randomness, and the robust variance ratio test as methods of analyses. The result of the study rejected the null hypotheses of a unit root and random walk in the stock returns. The null hypothesis of no serial correlation in the residuals of stock returns was also rejected indicating the presence of serial correlation/autocorrelation in the residual series. The result of the runs test rejected the null hypothesis of randomness in the Nigerian stock returns. The results of the variance ratio test under homoskedasticity and heteroskedasticity assumptions both strongly rejected the null hypothesis of a random walk for both joint tests and test of individual periods. Based on the results of the four tests applied in this study, it is concluded that the Nigerian daily stock returns under the period of investigation do not follow a random walk and hence the null hypothesis of a random walk is rejected. The results of the study further revealed that the Nigerian stock market is weak-form inefficient indicating that prices in the Nigerian stock market are predictable, dependable, consistently mispriced, inflated, liable to arbitraging and left unprotected to speculations and market manipulations. The study provided some policy recommendations