bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing the pressure field around swimming fish using a physics-informed neural network
Authors: Calicchia Michael A. , Mittal Rajat , Seo Jung-Hee , Ni Rui
Published: April 2023

Fish detect predators, flow conditions, environments and each other through pressure signals. Lateral line ablation is often performed to understand the role of pressure sensing. In the present study, we propose a non-invasive method for reconstructing the instantaneous pressure field sensed by a fish's lateral line system from two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The method uses a physics-informed neural network (PINN) to predict an optimized solution for the pressure field near and on the fish's body that satisfies both the Navier–Stokes equations and the constraints put forward by the PIV measurements. The method was validated using a direct numerical simulation of a swimming mackerel, Scomber scombrus, and was applied to experimental data of a turning zebrafish, Danio rerio. The results demonstrate that this method is relatively insensitive to the spatio-temporal resolution of the PIV measurements and accurately reconstructs the pressure on the fish's body.
Evaluation of glymphatic system activity by diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) in dementia patients
Authors: Liang Tian , Chang Feiyan , Huang Zhenguo , Peng Dantao , Zhou Xiao , Liu Weifang
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

Dementia is a clinical syndrome caused by multiple etiologies, usually manifests with progressive and diffuse brain dysfunction. The activity of the human glymphatic system was evaluated in cases of dementia by the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS).

Methods:

We recruited 28 healthy subjects and 77 patients, including 38 with Alzheimer’s disease (AD),18 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 28 with normal controls (NC) and 21 with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). All participants underwent DTI scanning. Diffusivities in the X, Y and Z axes were obtained in the lateral ventricle body plane of all subjects. We assessed the diffusivity along the perivascular spaces, as well as projection fibers and association fibers, respectively, in order to acquire an DTI-ALPS-index and correlated them with mini mental state examination (MMSE) and montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA) scores using partial correlation which the influence of age was controlled.

Results:

The AD, MCI, and VCI patients showed significantly lower DTI-ALPS-index (p < 0.001) compared to the NC. Besides, the VCI group had significantly higher DTI-ALPS-index than the AD group (p = 0.007). There was a significant positive correlation between DTI-ALPS-index and MMSE and MOCA scores (the effect of age was controlled), showing that lower water diffusivity along the perivascular spaces associated with dementia.The higher Dzassoc led to the reduced DTI-ALPS-index in VCI, while lower Dxassoc contributed to the decrease of DTI-ALPS-index in AD.

Conclusion:

The evaluation of DTI-ALPS demonstrates impairment of the glymphatic system in dementia patients by decreased DTI-ALPS-index. Different from AD, the VCI patients show glymphatic drainage disorder rather than glymphatic system impairment.

Advances in knowledge:

This article comprehensively covers several types of dementia and performs the comparison of VCI, AD and MCI in glymphatic system dysfunction.
Asymptotic Optimality of Constant-Order Policies in Joint Pricing and Inventory Models
Authors: Chen Xin , Stolyar Alexander L. , Xin Linwei
Published: April 2023

We consider a classic joint pricing and inventory control problem with lead times, which is extensively studied in the literature but is notoriously difficult to solve because of the complex structure of the optimal policy. In this work, rather than analyzing the optimal policy, we propose a class of constant-order dynamic pricing policies, which are fundamentally different from base-stock list price policies, the primary emphasis in the existing literature. Under such a policy, a constant-order amount of new inventory is ordered every period, and a pricing decision is made based on the inventory level. The policy is independent of the lead time. We prove that the best constant-order dynamic pricing policy is asymptotically optimal as the lead time grows large, which is exactly the setting in which the problem becomes computationally intractable because of the curse of dimensionality. As our main methodological contributions, we establish the convergence to a long-run average random yield inventory model with zero lead time and ordering capacities by its discounted counterpart as the discount factor goes to one, nontrivially extending the previous results in Federgruen and Yang that analyze a similar model but without capacity constraints.

Funding: Research of X. Chen and L. Xin was partly supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant CMMI-1635160].
Complexity of crystalline lens wobbling investigated by means of combined mechanical and optical simulations
Authors: Boszczyk Agnieszka , Dębowy Fabian , Jóźwik Agnieszka , Dahaghin Ali , Siedlecki Damian
Published: April 2023

Crystalline lens wobbling is a phenomenon when the lens oscillates briefly from its normal position immediately after stopping the rotational movement of the eye globe. It can be observed by means of Purkinje imaging. The aim of this research is to present the data and computation workflow that involve both biomechanical and optical simulations that can mimic this effect, aimed to better understanding of lens wobbling. The methodology described in the study allows to visualize both the dynamic changes of the lens conformation within the eye and its optical effect in terms of Purkinje performance.
Efficient framework of solving time-gated reflection matrix for imaging through turbid medium
Authors: Li Bowen , Zhu Le , Li Bing , Feng Wei , Lian Xiaocong , Ji Xiangyang
Published: April 2023

Imaging through turbid medium is a long pursuit in many research fields, such as biomedicine, astronomy and automatic vehicle, in which the reflection matrix-based method is a promising solution. However, the epi-detection geometry suffers from round-trip distortion and it is challenging to isolate the input and output aberrations in non-ideal cases due to system imperfections and measurement noises. Here, we present an efficient framework based on single scattering accumulation together with phase unwrapping that can accurately separate input and output aberrations from the noise-affected reflection matrix. We propose to only correct the output aberration while suppressing the input aberration by incoherent averaging. The proposed method is faster in convergence and more robust against noise, avoiding precise and tedious system adjustments. In both simulations and experiments, we demonstrate the diffraction-limited resolution capability under optical thickness beyond 10 scattering mean free paths, showing the potential of applications in neuroscience and dermatology.
Power balanced orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength Ho:GdVO4 laser with a difference frequency of 1 THz
Authors: Kang Panqiang , Zhang Xinlu , Jing Xiaofan , Ji Xiaobo , Huang Jinjer
Published: April 2023

A power balanced orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength Ho:GdVO4 laser was demonstrated for the first time. Without inserting any other devices into the cavity, the power balanced simultaneous orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength laser at π-polarization 2048nm and σ-polarization 2062nm was successfully achieved. At the absorbed pump power of 14.2 W, the maximum total output power was 1.68 W, and the output powers of 2048nm and 2062nm were 0.81 W and 0.87 W, respectively. The interval between the two wavelengths in the orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength Ho:GdVO4 laser was nearly 14nm, corresponding to the frequency separation of 1 THz. This power balanced orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength Ho:GdVO4 laser can be applied to generate the terahertz wave.
Stimulated-emission cross-sections of trivalent erbium ions in the cubic sesquioxides Y2O3, Lu2O3, and Sc2O3
Authors: Uvarova Anastasia , Loiko Pavel , Kalusniak Sascha , Dunina Elena , Fomicheva Liudmila , Kornienko Alexey , Balabanov Stanislav , Braud Alain , Camy Patrice , Kränkel Christian
Published: April 2023

We report on a detailed revision of the spectroscopic properties of Er3+ ions in the cubic sesquioxide host crystals R2O3 (R = Y, Lu and Sc). The 4f-4f transition probabilities are calculated by applying a modified Judd-Ofelt theory accounting for configuration interaction based on the measured absorption spectra. The stimulated-emission cross-sections for the 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 (at ∼2.8 µm) and 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 (at ∼1.6 µm) transitions of Er3+ ions are determined and the luminescence dynamics from the 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 manifolds are studied at different temperatures. It is found that the luminescence lifetime of the 4I11/2 state strongly depends on the host-forming R3+ cation even at low temperatures due to a non-negligible non-radiative multiphonon decay channel. Er:Y2O3 exhibits the lowest phonon energies and consequently the longest 4I11/2 luminescence lifetimes. A disagreement between the absorption and emission probabilities for the 4I15/2 ↔ 4I11/2 transition of Er3+ ions is observed at room temperature and explained considering the distribution of Er3+ ions over two non-equivalent crystallographic sites, C2 and C3i.
Sophisticated deep learning with on-chip optical diffractive tensor processing
Authors: Huang Yuyao , Fu Tingzhao , Huang Honghao , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei
Published: April 2023

Ever-growing deep-learning technologies are making revolutionary changes for modern life. However, conventional computing architectures are designed to process sequential and digital programs but are burdened with performing massive parallel and adaptive deep-learning applications. Photonic integrated circuits provide an efficient approach to mitigate bandwidth limitations and the power-wall brought on by its electronic counterparts, showing great potential in ultrafast and energy-free high-performance computation. Here, we propose an optical computing architecture enabled by on-chip diffraction to implement convolutional acceleration, termed “optical convolution unit” (OCU). We demonstrate that any real-valued convolution kernels can be exploited by the OCU with a prominent computational throughput boosting via the concept of structral reparameterization. With the OCU as the fundamental unit, we build an optical convolutional neural network (oCNN) to implement two popular deep learning tasks: classification and regression. For classification, Fashion Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (Fashion-MNIST) and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-4) data sets are tested with accuracies of 91.63% and 86.25%, respectively. For regression, we build an optical denoising convolutional neural network to handle Gaussian noise in gray-scale images with noise level σ=10, 15, and 20, resulting in clean images with an average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 31.70, 29.39, and 27.72 dB, respectively. The proposed OCU presents remarkable performance of low energy consumption and high information density due to its fully passive nature and compact footprint, providing a parallel while lightweight solution for future compute-in-memory architecture to handle high dimensional tensors in deep learning.
UK midwives’ perceptions and experiences of using Facebook to provide perinatal support: Results of an exploratory online survey
Authors: Morse Holly , Brown Amy
Published: April 2023

Seeking support from Facebook groups during pregnancy is now widespread and social media has been widely used by the United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS) maternity services to communicate with service users during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, little is currently known about midwives’ attitudes towards, and experiences of social media in practice. Research is needed to understand barriers and solutions to meeting mothers’ expectations of online support and to improve services. This study explored midwife involvement in Facebook groups, exploring experiences and perceptions of its use to communicate with and support mothers. An online survey consisting of open and closed questions was completed by 719 midwives and student during August- September 2020. Quantitative questionnaire data was analysed descriptively using SPSS v26. Qualitative data gathered from free text responses was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Few participants were involved in providing Facebook support, and most of these were unpaid. There was a consensus on a range of benefits for mothers, but widespread concern that engaging with mothers online was a personal and professional risk, underpinned by a lack of support. Experience of being involved in midwife moderation increased belief in its benefits and reduced fear of engaging online, despite a lack of renumeration and resources. Midwives and students felt they were discouraged from offering Facebook support and sought further training, guidance and support. Although limited, experiences of providing Facebook group support are positive. Perceptions of risk and a lack of support are significant barriers to midwives’ involvement in using Facebook groups to support mothers. Midwives seek support and training to safely and effectively engage with mothers using Facebook. Engaging with mothers via social media is embedded in UK national policy and NHS digital strategy, and progress is needed to fulfil these, to improve services and meet mothers’ expectations. Midwives’ experiences suggest extending opportunities to provide Facebook support would benefit midwives, services and families. Consultation to revise local policy to support midwives and students in line with strategic goals is recommended.
Altitude, not potential larval habitat availability, explains pronounced variation in Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence in the western Kenya highlands
Authors: Oduma Colins O. , Ombok Maurice , Zhao Xingyuan , Huwe Tiffany , Ondigo Bartholomew N. , Kazura James W. , Grieco John , Achee Nicole , Liu Fang , Ochomo Eric , Koepfli Cristian
Published: April 2023

Progress in malaria control has stalled over the recent years. Knowledge on main drivers of transmission explaining small-scale variation in prevalence can inform targeted control measures. We collected finger-prick blood samples from 3061 individuals irrespective of clinical symptoms in 20 clusters in Busia in western Kenya and screened for Plasmodium falciparum parasites using qPCR and microscopy. Clusters spanned an altitude range of 207 meters (1077–1284 m). We mapped potential mosquito larval habitats and determined their number within 250 m of a household and distances to households using ArcMap. Across all clusters, P. falciparum parasites were detected in 49.8% (1524/3061) of individuals by qPCR and 19.5% (596/3061) by microscopy. Across the clusters, prevalence ranged from 26% to 70% by qPCR. Three to 34 larval habitats per cluster and 0–17 habitats within a 250m radius around households were observed. Using a generalized linear mixed effect model (GLMM), a 5% decrease in the odds of getting infected per each 10m increase in altitude was observed, while the number of larval habitats and their proximity to households were not statistically significant predictors for prevalence. Kitchen located indoors, open eaves, a lower level of education of the household head, older age, and being male were significantly associated with higher prevalence. Pronounced variation in prevalence at small scales was observed and needs to be taken into account for malaria surveillance and control. Potential larval habitat frequency had no direct impact on prevalence.
Complementary and alternative metrics for tracking population-level trends in child linear growth
Authors: Aimone Ashley M. , Bassani Diego G. , Qamar Huma , Dasiewicz Alison , Perumal Nandita , Namaste Sorrel M. L. , Shah Devanshi , Roth Daniel E.
Published: April 2023

Stunting prevalence is commonly used to track population-level child nutritional status. However, other metrics derived from anthropometric datasets may be used as alternatives to stunting or provide complementary perspectives on the status of linear growth faltering in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Data from 156 Demographic and Health Surveys in 63 LMICs (years 2000 to 2020) were used to generate 2 types of linear growth metrics: (i) measures of location of height distributions (including stunting) for under-5 years (<5y) and 2 to 5 years (2-5y); (ii) model-derived metrics including predicted mean height-for-age z-score (HAZ) at 0, 2, and 5 years; interval slopes of HAZ, height-for-age difference (HAD), and growth delay (GD) from 1 month to 2 years (1mo-2y) and 2-5y; and the SITAR intensity parameter (SITAR-IP) for <5y. Using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r), metrics were considered alternatives to stunting if very strongly correlated with stunting (|r|≥0.95) and at least as strongly correlated as stunting with selected population indicators (under 5y mortality, gross domestic product, maternal education). Metrics were considered complementary if less strongly correlated with stunting (|r|<0.95) yet correlated with population indicators. We identified 6 of 15 candidate metrics (stunting 2-5y, mean HAZ <5y and 2-5y, p25 HAZ <5y and 2-5y, predicted HAZ at 2y) as potential alternatives to stunting and 6 as complementary metrics (SITAR-IP, predicted HAZ at 5y, HAZ slope 1m-2y, HAD slope 1m-2y, GD slopes 1m-2y and 2-5y). Three metrics (HAZ slope 2-5y, HAD slope 2-5y years and predicted HAZ at birth) had weak correlations with population indicators (|r| ≤ 0.43). In conclusion, several linear growth metrics could serve as alternatives to stunting prevalence and others may be complementary to stunting in tracking global progress in child health and nutrition. Further research is needed to explore the real-world utility of these alternative and complementary metrics.
Self-rated health among older adults in India: Gender specific findings from National Sample Survey
Authors: Akhtar Saddaf Naaz , Saikia Nandita , Muhammad T.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The self-rated health (SRH) is a widely adopted indicator of overall health. The sponge hypothesis suggests that predictive power of SRH is stronger among women compared to men. To gain a better understanding of how gender influences SRH, this study examined whether and what determinants of gender disparity exist current self-rated health (SRHcurrent) and change in SRH (SRHchange) among older adults in Indian setting.

Materials and methods

We used cross-sectional data from the 75th National Sample Survey Organizations (NSSO), collected from July 2017 to June 2018. The analytical sample constitutes 42,759 older individuals aged 60 years or older with 21,902 older men and 20,857 older women (eliminating two non-binary individuals). Outcome measures include two variables of poor/worse SRH status (SRHcurrent and SRHchange). We have calculated absolute gaps in the prevalence of poor SRHcurrent and worse SRHchange by background characteristics. We carried out binary logistic regression models to examine the predictors of poor SRHcurrent and worse SRHchange among older adults.

Results

The overall absolute gender gap in poor SRHcurrent was 3.27% and it was 0.58% in worse SRHchange. Older women had significantly higher odds of poor SRHcurrent [AOR = 1.09; CI = 0.99, 1.19] and worse SRHchange [AOR = 1.09; CI = 1.02, 1.16] compared to older men. Older adults belonging to middle-aged, oldest-old, economically dependent, not working, physically immobile, suffering from chronic diseases, belonging to Muslim religion, and Eastern region have found to have higher odds of poor SRHcurrent and worse SRHchange. Educational attainments showed lower odds of have poor SRHcurrent and worse SRHchange compared to those with no education. Respondents belonging to richest income quintile and those who were not covered by any health insurance, belonging to Schedule caste, OBC, Western and Southern regions are found to have lower odds of poor SRHcurrent and worse SRHchange. Compared to those in the urban residence, respondents from rural residence [AOR = 1.09; CI = 1.02, 1.16] had higher odds of worse SRHchange.

Conclusions

Supporting the sponge hypothesis, a clear gender gap was observed in poor current SRH and worse change in SRH among older adults in India with a female disadvantage. We further found lower socioeconomic and health conditions and lack of resources as determinants of poor current SRH and its worse change, which is crucial to address the challenge of the older people’s health and their perception of well-being.
Depression and its associated factors among patients with diabetes: A cross-sectional survey at Mnazi Mmoja Referral Hospital in Zanzibar, Tanzania
Authors: Mussa Mussa R. , Iseselo Masunga K. , Tarimo Edith A. M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Depression is one of the mental illnesses that cause disability worldwide, and is a significant contributor to the global burden of diseases. Although depression is reported among patients with diabetes in high-income countries, it remains undetected or undiagnosed in low and middle-income countries. This article describes the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among patients with diabetes in Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study design was conducted at Mnazi Mmoja Referral Hospital (MMRH). A simple random sampling method was used to select the potential participants. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9). Data were coded and analyzed using SPSS 23.0. A Chi-square test was performed to obtain the association between depression and socio-demographic, medical and psychological factors. A P-value of <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine the significant associations between the variables. Also, multiple logistic regression was performed with the factors with P-value <0.2 to ascertain the confounding factors.

Results

A total of 267 patients with diabetes responded to the questionnaire of which 142 (53.2%) were males. The mean age of participants was 50 years and a standard deviation of ±14. The overall prevalence of depression in this study was 73%. The specific type of depression among diabetic patients varied from severe (8%) to mild depression (30%). Respondents who had difficulties in adhering to the treatment regimen (AOR = 5.7: 95% CI, 2.11–15.18, p = 0.001), feeling angry or stressed (AOR = 4.4: 95% CI, 2.44–8.10, p<0.001), and had diabetic retinopathy (AOR = 2.8: 95% CI, 1.45–5.28, p = 0.002) had symptoms of depression. Furthermore, respondents who had diabetic foot ulcers (AOR = 0.1: 95% CI, 0.04–0.49, p = 0.003) and impotence for male patients (AOR = 0.4: 95% CI, 0.20–0.68, p = 0.002) were 0.1 and 0.4 times less likely to have depression respectively.

Conclusion

The majority of patients with diabetes have symptoms of depression. Adherence to the treatment regimen, diabetic retinopathy, feeling angry or stressed, impotence and diabetic foot ulcer were associated with depression. Thus, early screening of depression among patients with diabetes is crucial to enhance self-management and good health outcomes.
ROP16-mediated activation of STAT6 enhances cyst development of type III Toxoplasma gondii in neurons
Authors: Kochanowsky Joshua A. , Chandrasekaran Sambamurthy , Sanchez Jacqueline R. , Thomas Kaitlin K. , Koshy Anita A.
Published: April 2023

Toxoplasma gondii establishes a long-lived latent infection in the central nervous system (CNS) of its hosts. Reactivation in immunocompromised individuals can lead to life threatening disease. Latent infection is driven by the ability of the parasite to convert from the acute-stage tachyzoite to the latent-stage bradyzoite which resides in long-lived intracellular cysts. While much work has focused on the parasitic factors that drive cyst development, the host factors that influence encystment are not well defined. Here we show that a polymorphic secreted parasite kinase (ROP16), that phosphorylates host cell proteins, mediates efficient encystment of T. gondii in a stress-induced model of encystment and primary neuronal cell cultures (PNCs) in a strain-specific manner. Using short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdowns in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) and PNCs from transgenic mice, we determined that ROP16’s cyst enhancing abilities are mediated, in part, by phosphorylation—and therefore activation—of the host cell transcription factor STAT6. To test the role of STAT6 in vivo, we infected wild-type (WT) and STAT6KO mice, finding that, compared to WT mice, STAT6KO mice have a decrease in CNS cyst burden but not overall parasite burden or dissemination to the CNS. Finally, we found a similar ROP16-dependent encystment defect in human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Together, these findings identify a host cell factor (STAT6) that T. gondii manipulates in a strain-specific manner to generate a favorable encystment environment.
The Great Irish Famine in Irish and UK history textbooks, 2010–2020
Authors: Janssen Lindsay
Published: April 2023

This article considers the representation of the controversial issue of the Great Irish Famine (1845–50) in 27 recent Irish and UK history textbooks for the secondary level. Key contested issues – imports and exports, the British government’s laissez-faire economic policy, providentialist interpretations, and victim–perpetrator discourses – have long formed part of the narrative repertoire of Famine history; their representation and narrativisation in textbooks is analysed through narrative and content analysis. Historical contextualisation and perspective taking are considered key skills for students studying history; these skills become even more important when dealing with controversial issues. The questions central to this research are: How do secondary-level history textbooks from Ireland and the UK represent the key contested elements regarding the Famine? Do they provide sufficiently complex accounts, thereby facilitating historical contextualisation and perspective taking? While some Irish and UK textbooks offer learners complex representations of the Famine, several others provide students with insufficient opportunity for perspective taking, and for developing a thorough understanding of the historical context. Specifically, the majority of the textbooks provide simplistic victim–perpetrator discourses. As such issues complicate historical contextualisation, perspective taking and, relatedly, empathy formation, the article suggests including more complex subject positions in textbook discussions of the Famine.
WHEN TRADITION AGAINST MODERNITY: Batak Angkola Men's Resistance towards Gender Equality
Authors: Nasution Ulfa Ramadhani
Published: April 2023

Modernity brings about gender equality, but in Padang Lawas, this gender equality is not universally accepted by Batak Angkola men. Resistance under the guise of masculine identity exists based on cultural reasons. This study aims to explore the reasoning behind Batak Angkola men's defense of their masculine identity in the public and domestic spheres amid the prevailing gender equality of the modern world. This study relies on a socio-anthropological approach. Data were obtained through observation and interviews. This study concludes that Batak Angkola men maintain their self-esteem (ego) and uphold their identity as part of the Batak patriarchy by using preventive cultural masculinity reasoning. This use of reasoning keeps them from being deprived of religious and cultural understanding. In essence, the modernity echoing gender equality auto-encourages Batak men to empower and safeguard their masculinity in their own ways and according to their own standards. This affirms that latently, Batak Angkola men's resistance to modernity is rooted in their traditional paradigm. Consequently, this is by no means enough to alleviate Batak women’s longstanding unfavorable circumstances, a double-burdened trap.[Modernitas melahirkan kesetaraan gender, namun di Padang Lawas kesetaraan gender ini tidak diterima secara universal oleh laki-laki Batak Angkola. Perlawanan dengan kedok identitas maskulin ada berdasarkan alasan budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi alasan di balik pembelaan identitas maskulin laki-laki Batak Angkola di ruang publik dan domestik di tengah kesetaraan gender yang berlaku di dunia modern. Kajian ini bersandar pada pendekatan sosio-antropologis. Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa laki-laki Batak Angkola mempertahankan harga diri (ego) dan menjunjung tinggi identitasnya sebagai bagian dari patriarki Batak dengan menggunakan penalaran maskulinitas budaya preventif. Penggunaan penalaran ini membuat mereka tidak kehilangan pemahaman agama dan budaya. Intinya, modernitas yang menggemakan kesetaraan gender secara otomatis mendorong laki-laki Batak untuk memberdayakan dan menjaga kejantanannya dengan cara mereka sendiri dan menurut standar mereka sendiri. Hal ini menegaskan bahwa secara laten, resistensi laki-laki Batak Angkola terhadap modernitas berakar dari paradigma tradisional mereka. Konsekuensinya, ini sama sekali tidak cukup untuk meringankan keadaan tidak menguntungkan perempuan Batak yang sudah berlangsung lama, sebuah perangkap berbeban ganda.]
Intellectual Capital Disclosure of Nigerian Companies: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Salman Ramat Titilayo
Published: April 2023

This study assessed the intellectual capital disclosure of Nigerian companies using 117 audited annual reports between 2015 and 2018 years. Mann-Whitney test, independent t-test and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data collected. The findings revealed that human capital is disclosed more than relational capital; but relational capital was disclosed more than structural capital. The result showed that there is a difference between intellectual capital disclosure pattern of the sampled companies as both Mann-Whitney test and independent t-test revealed that 0.000 and 0.003 are less than 5% p-value respectively. The study concluded that Nigerian sampled companies disclosed relational capital and structural capital less than human capital. Hence, the study recommended that Nigeria sampled companies should strive to disclose intellectual capital components more in their financial statements in order to present the true value of their companies.
Title 01 FW 11
Authors: last name FW  last name FW  last name FW  last name FW first name FW ,   Corporate name FW 11
Published: April 2023

Abstract 01 FW 11, 1p only
Method for estimating pulsatile wall shear stress from one‐dimensional velocity waveforms
Authors: Muskat J. C. , Babbs C. F. , Goergen C. J. , Rayz V. L.
Published: April 2023

Wall shear stress (WSS)—a key regulator of endothelial function—is commonly estimated in vivo using simplified mathematical models based on Poiseuille's flow, assuming a quasi‐steady parabolic velocity distribution, despite evidence that more rapidly time‐varying, pulsatile blood flow during each cardiac cycle modulates flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) in large arteries of healthy subjects. More exact and accurate models based on the well‐established Womersley solution for rapidly changing blood flow have not been adopted clinically, potentially because the Womersley solution relies on the local pressure gradient, which is difficult to measure non‐invasively. We have developed an open‐source method for automatic reconstruction of unsteady, Womersley‐derived velocity profiles, and WSS in conduit arteries. The proposed method (available online at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576408) requires only the time‐averaged diameter of the vessel and time‐varying velocity data available from non‐invasive imaging such as Doppler ultrasound. Validation of the method with subject‐specific computational fluid dynamics and application to synthetic velocity waveforms in the common carotid, brachial, and femoral arteries reveals that the Poiseuille solution underestimates peak WSS 38.5%–55.1% during the acceleration and deceleration phases of systole and underestimates or neglects retrograde WSS. Following evidence that oscillatory shear significantly augments vasodilator production, it is plausible that mischaracterization of the shear stimulus by assuming parabolic flow leads to systematic underestimates of important biological effects of time‐varying blood velocity in conduit arteries.
Mechanism of Residual Stress Generation in Quenched Fe-Ni Alloy Cylinders Using Simulated Strains-Based Approach*
Authors: Arimoto K.
Published: April 2023

To elucidate the mechanisms of residual stress generation in quenched steel parts has been a longstanding problem. Qualitative explanations for the changes in the stress distribution in quenched cylinders appeared in the 1930s when it became possible to measure residual stresses in specimens. The explanation at that time used the concept of thermal and transformation stresses, which is still included in current textbooks. This concept is referred to here as the estimated stresses-based approach. To simplify the explanation of stress generation due to the combined effects of temperature change and phase transformations, quenching experiments were devised using Fe-Ni alloys in which only martensitic transformation occurs. On the other hand, since heat treatment simulations provide strains resulting from thermal, phase transformation, plastic, transformation plastic, and creep phenomena, a method to elucidate the mechanism using these strains was devised in the early 2000s and named the simulated strains-based approach. This paper contrasts the estimated stresses-based and simulated strains-based approaches to the mechanism of residual stress generation in quenched Fe-Ni alloy cylinders and highlights the superiority of the latter.
Experimental investigation on mechanical and tribological characteristics of snake grass/sisal fiber reinforced hybrid composites
Authors: Rajamanickam Sathish kumar , Ponnusamy Natarajan , Mohanraj Manoharan , Julias Arulraj Arockia
Published: April 2023

An experiential research on mechanical and tribological characteristics of snake grass and sisal fiber reinforced hybrid polymer (epoxy) composites was carried out and reported in this article. The snake grass and sisal fibers were initially treated with 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Hybrid composite samples were fabricated using a compression moulding technique with a total fiber weight ratio of 30% and an epoxy resin weight ratio of 70%. The proportions of snake grass and sisal fibers in the hybrid composites were 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70. The fabricated hybrid composite samples were subjected to flexural, tensile, interlaminar shear strength, Shore D hardness, water absorption, and wear tests as per ASTM international standards, and the outcomes were compared with the results of snake grass and sisal mono fiber composites. The results disclosed that the 30:70 (SG:S) hybrid composite has higher mechanical characteristics than those of other hybrid and mono fiber composites. Also, the 30:70 hybrid sample performed at par with the sisal mono composite in wear and water absorption characteristics. Optical microscopy examination of alkali-treated natural hybrid and mono fiber composites displayed excellent results in terms of interfacial bonding between polymer and fiber.
Of Barriers and Transits: An Initial Study of Peking Opera’s First Presentations in Brazil
Authors: Santana Esther Marinho , Feng Eddie Hanchen
Published: April 2023

This article discusses the first Peking Opera presentations in Brazil, in 1956. Traveling from the then-recently founded People’s Republic of China, the Chinese Art Troupe demonstrated the country’s diplomatic efforts to obtain international recognition and was enthusiastically welcomed by Brazilian audiences. After presenting the peculiar immediate reception of the touring company, we argue that although Chinese scenic conventions and aesthetics failed to be properly understood by local spectators and no apparent substantial exchanges between the highly diverse cultures of China and Brazil were reached, this episode should not be disregarded. Neglected by both Brazilian and Chinese theatrical historiographies, the incident begs to be analyzed anew. Using transcultural communications theories, we investigate this encounter to inquire what each different side shared, transgressed, and transcended.
An inspect on rational solutions to the generalized Boussinesq-type equation
Authors: Liu Jian-Gen , Zhang Yu-Feng
Published: April 2023

In this letter, we derived a new generalized Boussinesq-type equation on the basis of the generalized bilinear derivative with the prime number p = 3. By searching for a general form of rational solution to the new generalized Boussinesq-type equation, we found that this new model only contains a form of solution of the degree of F = F(x, t) with respect to x must be less than or equal to 1. Immediately after, a conjecture related to this result was put forward. Besides, we analyzed this obtained rational solution evolutionary processes by 3D-and 2D-graphs.
Datengetriebenes Fehlermanagement in der Produktion
Authors: Beckschulte Sebastian , Huebser Louis , Günther Robin , H. Schmitt Robert
Published: April 2023

Unternehmerische Entscheidungen hängen stark von der Qualität zugrundeliegender Kennzahlen ab, welche basierend auf Daten zu Produkten und Prozessen entlang der Wertschöpfungskette abgebildet werden. Die Qualität dieser Daten ist jedoch häufig unzureichend. Im Rahmen des Beitrags werden Handlungsfelder aufgezeigt und skalierbare Lösungsansätze entwickelt, welche eine verlässliche, kennzahlenbasierte Entscheidungsfindung adressieren. Die positiven Auswirkungen werden am Beispiel eines Verbesserungs- und Digitalisierungsprojektes im Automotive-Sektor aufgezeigt.
Structuring domestic space in the Lower Magdalenian: an analysis of the fauna from Level 115 of El Mirón Cave, Cantabria
Authors: Jones Emily Lena , Straus Lawrence Guy , Marín-Arroyo Ana B. , González Morales Manuel R.
Published: April 2023

Documenting the intentional structuring of space by hunter-gatherers can be challenging, especially in complex cave contexts. One approach is the spatial analysis of discard patterns. Here, the authors consider the spatial distribution of faunal remains from the Lower Magdalenian Level 115 in El Mirón Cave, Cantabria, to assess a possible structuring function for an unusual alignment of rocks. Although it is impossible to determine whether the alignment was intentionally constructed, differences in the distributions of taxa and in specimen sizes on different sides of this feature suggest that it played a role in structuring the living space of the cave's inhabitants.
Pan-Islamism and Response to the Collapse of Ottoman Turks in the Dutch East Indies
Authors: Prayogi Arditya
Published: April 2023

This article was written against the backdrop of the position of the Ottoman Turks, which historically had a significant influence on Muslims in the Dutch East Indies. The Muslims of the Dutch East Indies saw that the Ottoman Turks were their political and spiritual representatives. Thus, this article aims to find out the background and response of the Muslims of the Dutch East Indies when the Ottoman Empire was overthrown and replaced with the Republic of Turks. This article used historical research methods with stages in heuristics, criticism/verification, interpretation, and historiography. The data is used as primary data taken from various contemporary mass media reports and secondary data. From the results of the analysis, it is known that the collapse of the Ottoman Turks on 3 March 1924 was responded to by the Muslims of the Dutch East Indies with efforts to revitalize the caliphate through efforts to carry out congresses/meetings, the formation of committees/special agencies and the publication of mass media. The changing image of Turks in the eyes of the Muslim population of the Dutch East Indies eventually contributed to the emergence of new discourses, especially regarding the relationship between Islam and the state in the context of searching for the format of an independent state for Indonesia in the future. This discourse has yet to end in Indonesia and is still experiencing dynamics. Keywords: Pan Islam, Khilafah, Turks, Dutch East Indies, IslamArtikel ini ditulis dengan latar belakang posisi Turki Utsmani yang secara historis memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap umat Islam di Hindia Belanda. Umat Islam Hindia Belanda melihat bahwa Turki Usmani adalah perwakilan politik dan spiritual mereka. Maka dari itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang dan respon umat Islam Hindia Belanda ketika Kesultanan Utsmaniyah digulingkan dan diganti dengan Republik Turki. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah dengan tahapan heuristik, kritik/verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Data yang digunakan sebagai data primer diambil dari berbagai pemberitaan media massa kontemporer dan data sekunder. Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa runtuhnya Turki Utsmani pada tanggal 3 Maret 1924 ditanggapi oleh umat Islam Hindia Belanda dengan upaya merevitalisasi khilafah melalui upaya melakukan kongres/pertemuan, pembentukan panitia/badan khusus dan publikasi media massa. Berubahnya citra orang Turki di mata penduduk Muslim Hindia Belanda akhirnya turut melahirkan wacana baru, khususnya mengenai hubungan Islam dan negara dalam rangka pencarian format negara merdeka bagi Indonesia di Indonesia. masa depan. Wacana ini belum berakhir di Indonesia dan masih mengalami dinamika.Kata kunci: Pan Islam, Khilafah, Turki, Hindia Belanda, Islam
Abu Bakar and the Conspiracy to Revive the Ancient Empire: Searching for Legitimacy in Johor-Pahang Relations
Authors: Abdullah A Rahman Tang
Published: April 2023

This article examines Abu Bakar’s involvement in other Malay states regarding the relations between Johor and Pahang in the 19th century. It argues that his ultimate aim was to consolidate his position in Johor’s territory and obtain recognition from other Malay rulers. This is because the existing view claims that Abu Bakar had the ambition to restore the ancient empire of Johor-Riau-Lingga under his hegemony. Indeed, this view is generalised by historians even though it remains merely speculative. Thus, the discussion here is to provide a conclusive argument that rejects this view by showing that his involvement in other Malay states' political affairs was to consolidate his position in Johor.Keywords: Abu Bakar, Johor, Pahang, Ancient Empire, Legitimacy  Artikel ini mengkaji keterlibatan Abu Bakar di negara-negara Melayu lainnya terkait hubungan Johor dan Pahang pada abad ke-19. Dikatakan bahwa tujuan utamanya adalah untuk mengkonsolidasikan posisinya di wilayah Johor dan mendapatkan pengakuan dari penguasa Melayu lainnya. Sebab pandangan yang ada mengklaim bahwa Abu Bakar berambisi mengembalikan kerajaan kuno Johor-Riau-Lingga di bawah hegemoninya. Memang, pandangan ini digeneralisasikan oleh para sejarawan meskipun masih bersifat spekulatif belaka. Dengan demikian, pembahasan di sini adalah untuk memberikan argumen konklusif yang menolak pandangan ini dengan menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatannya dalam urusan politik negara-negara Melayu lainnya adalah untuk mengkonsolidasikan posisinya di Johor.Kata kunci: Abu Bakar, Johor, Pahang, Kerajaan Kuno, Legitimasi
Acute adrenal crisis precipitated by thyroid storm in a patient with undiagnosed autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2
Authors: Lassoued Najoua , Alaya Wafa , Rebai Senda , Arfa Sondos , Zantour Baha , Habib Sfar Mohamed
Published: April 2023

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type 2 is characterized by the presence of Addison’s disease (AD) along with autoimmune thyroid disease and/or type 1 diabetes. APS type 2 is known as Schmidt’s syndrome when autoimmune adrenal insufficiency is associated with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. We report a very rare case of a 28-year-old female patient who had Schmidt’s syndrome revealed by a thyroid storm (TS) concomitant with an acute adrenal crisis. The onset of AD resulted in a surgical emergency. The patient presented with cardiogenic shock and an acute abdomen. The precipitation factor was Hashitoxicosis presented as TS. This life-threatening condition was successfully reversed with aggressive medical therapy based on antithyroid drugs and intravenous glucocorticoids. This hyperthyroid phase lasted for a period of 8 months. The patient eventually developed hypothyroidism, suggesting that Hashimoto's thyroiditis was the most likely diagnosis. She was started on levothyroxine replacement therapy and remained euthyroid on levothyroxine. The case we describe had several diagnostic pitfalls that are discussed both at the start as well as during the evolution.

Learning points

Autoimmune diseases can appear concomitantly or succeed each other over time. The clinician must be vigilant to detect these diseases in time in order to avoid a misdiagnosis of a life-threatening emergency such as adrenal insufficiency or thyroid storm.

Thyroid storm is an uncommon but life-threatening manifestation of hyperthyroidism. Diagnosis is dependent on clinical symptoms, and no specific laboratory tests are available.

Glucocorticoids should be used in the treatment of thyroid storm because they have an inhibitory effect on peripheral conversion of T4 to T3.

In patients who have severe thyrotoxicosis, especially in conjunction with hypotension, treatment with glucocorticoids has become standard practice because of the possibility of relative adrenal insufficiency or the possibility of undiagnosed Addison’s disease.

The differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism can be challenging. Graves’ disease can be discussed in view of the severity of the clinical presentation and the prolonged duration of the hyperthyroid phase. Hashitoxicosis is the initial hyperthyroid phase in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. The hyperthyroid phase is always followed by definitive resolution, with persistent euthyroidism and no hyperthyroid relapses.

Synthetic antithyroid drugs may be prescribed during the hyperthyroid phase of Hashimoto thyroiditis if the clinical presentation is severe and the duration of the hyperthyroid phase is prolonged.