bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Állam és tértermelés: „új” értelmezési keretek a tértudományokban - Szerkesztői előszó
Authors: Timár Judit , Nagy Erika
Published: November 2019

Henri Lefebvre „tértermelésről” szóló elmélete, miközben a Tér és Társadalomban meglehetősen gyorsan visszhangra talált, átfogóbb interpretálására, analitikus keretként történő alkalmazására csak egy évtizede vállalkoznak a magyarországi területi kutatásokban. Ez a tematikus szám e későn indult hazai diskurzus erősítésének szándékával született. Olyan tanulmányokat gyűjt egybe, amelyek szerzői azonos módon gondolkodnak a térről mint társadalmilag termelt folyamatról. Itt közölt írásaik fókuszában egyaránt az állam mint tértermelő szereplő áll. Eredményeik több ponton kapcsolódnak/ kapcsolhatók a térről és az államról, főként ezek viszonyáról szóló nemzetközi vitákhoz, akár azok lefebvre-i gyökeréig visszanyúlva, és a térkutatások egykor megalkotott elméleti kereteinek mai, magyarországi használatának új lehetőségeit felvillantva. E bevezető tanulmány első része a lefebvre-i (ill. általában a relacionális) térfelfogásnak azokat a csomópontjait villantja fel, amelyekhez az itt közölt cikkek is kapcsolódnak. Ezek között van a társadalmi tér társadalom által termelt jellegének (valamint ezen összefüggés fordítottjának) elfogadása, a térről való trialektikus gondolkodás, a történelmi materialista megközelítés kérdésfelvetéseit is használó történelmi perspektíva. A tanulmányok fókusza miatt kiemelt szerepet kap maga az a mód, ahogy Lefebvre az államot a tértermeléssel összefüggésben koncepcionalizálja. Ennek az államkoncepciónak a lényegét, majd az ebből kinövő nemzetközi tudományos diskurzusok fontos mozzanatait emeli ki a bevezető további része, és kitér a magyarországi területi kutatások néhány csomópontjára, áramlatára is, amelyekben tetten érhetőek e nemzetközi viták hatásai. Végül, a tematikus szám tanulmányainak azok a lényegi elemei kerülnek kiemelésre, melyek világossá teszik a közös gondolkodás lehetőségeit.
PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING AS THE MAIN DIDACTIC REQUIREMENTS OF THE FORMATION OF MANAGEMENT CULTURE OF FUTURE OFFICERS IN THE PROCESS OF PRACTICAL TRAINING
Authors: Buryi S. , Savchenko A.
Published: November 2019

To form the management culture of future officers in the process of practical training in higher military educational institutions, we highlight the general didactic pedagogical principles: science; systematicity and consistent; accessibility, feasibility of teaching; visibility; strength of knowledge, skills and abilities; consciousness and active approach.Taking into account the specifics of the professional activity of an officer of the armed forces in the process of forming a management culture, it is necessary to use the specific professional pedagogical principles lying in the the formation of high responsibility for the result and the implementation of the commander's management decision in the extreme conditions of the professional activity of the serviceman. These specific principles for the formation of a management culture of future officers in conditions of increased combat readiness include: the combination of theoretical basic training with the practice of professional management activity of an officer; democratization in the educational process; purposefulness and unity of the strategy of development of military culture management; differentiation and optimization of the educational process; innovative learning system.Key words: administrative culture, military education, pedagogical principles.
Kreatywność w myśleniu muzycznym jako przedmiot badań muzyczno-edukacyjnych studentów pedagogiki wczesnoszkolnej
Authors: Trzos Paweł
Published: November 2019

W tekście zwrócono uwagę na wybrane kierunki badań podejmowanych przez studentów pedagogiki wczesnoszkolnej nad warunkami rozwijania kreatywnego myślenia w muzyce. Taką kreatywność analizuje się w kontekście rozwoju audiacji, co w świetle teorii uczenia się muzyki E. E. Gordona określane jest jako jeden z ważniejszych tropów w realizacji
procesu kształcenia muzycznego. Dotyczy to różnych form aktywności muzycznej i wpisuje się w zadania przygotowania dziecka do aktywnego uczestnictwa w kulturze muzycznej. Zawężenie refleksji na wczesnoszkolnym wieku uczniów jest konsekwencją poglądów, iż w tym 
okresie rozwoju bardzo ważny jest dynamiczny program rozwijania myślenia w muzyce.
Wykorzystanie arteterapii w resocjalizacji penitencjarnej
Authors: Korona Katarzyna Wioleta
Published: November 2019

Celem proponowanego referatu jest zwrócenie uwagi na możliwość zastosowania arteterapii w pracy resocjalizacyjnej z osobami nieprzystosowanymi społecznie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem resocjalizacji penitencjarnej. Oddziaływania arteterapeutyczne przedstawione zostaną z perspektywy praktyki penitencjarno-resocjalizacyjnej. Autorka odniesie się do problemów i szans związanych z wyborem arteterapii jako głównej metody prowadzenia oddziaływań wobec skazanych na kary długoterminowego pozbawienia wolności. W ostatniej
części referatu zawarte zostaną refleksje uwzględniające doświadczenia z realizacji autorskich programów w zakładach karnych.
Kreatywność jako przedmiot i cel edukacji kulturalnej
Authors: Lewartowicz Urszula
Published: November 2019

Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na doniosłość kategorii kreatywności w teorii i praktyce edukacji kulturalnej. Zawarte w niniejszym tekście rozważania koncentrują się wokół faktycznego oraz postulowanego miejsca kreatywności w koncepcjach edukacji kulturalnej,
jej roli w praktyce szkolnej oraz celów edukacyjnych charakteryzujących tak zwaną szkołę kreatywną. W artykule przywołane zostały najważniejsze koncepcje edukacji kulturalnej uwzględniające problematykę kreatywności i twórczości oraz dokumenty strategiczne, w których wyartykułowane zostały powiązania między kreatywnością, kulturą i edukacją. Wskazano również kluczowe obszary szkolnej edukacji kulturalnej, uzasadniające potrzebę
wzmocnienia i uwypuklenia idei kreatywności z perspektywy edukacji i kultury.
CREATIVITY IN CONTEMPORARY POP-ART. WARHOL’S WORK AS AN INSPIRATION IN EDUCATION OF THE ART STUDENTS
Authors: Steliga Anna Maria , Bugajska-Bigos Iwona
Published: November 2019

Pop-art był jednym z najważniejszych zjawisk artystycznych w dziesięcioleciu 1960–1970. W 2017 roku minęła trzydziesta rocznica śmierci andy’ego Warhola. Ów rewolucjonista sztuki był „malarzem współczesności”. Tworzył, posługując się produktami kultury masowej, przy okazji ukazując drogę, po jakiej zmierza cywilizacja. Powrót do jego twórczości w Międzynarodowym projekcie artystycznym Warhol. Pop konteksty (30 lat później) wydaje się ciekawy: jak studenci szkół artystycznych, będący przedstawicielami pokolenia informacyjnego, inspirują się twórczością Warhola i w jakim kierunku obecnie migruje główna estetyka stylu pop? Czy młodzi twórcy są kreatywni czy naśladowczy? Artykuł opisuje także edukacyjny wymiar projektu.
Self-medication practices of over the counter analgesics among first and third semester undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care medical college, Jharkhand
Authors: Kumari Kusum , Gari Manju , Toppo Mary Sunita , Soreng Ira Anupama , . Priyanki
Published: November 2019

Background: Self-medication is a widely practiced trend in the general Indian population. Among the medical students, self- medication is popular because of awareness about the disease and their treatment. Analgesics are one of the most common drugs used for self-medication. Very few studies are available in Jharkhand regarding this subject. So, the present study aims to delve into the pattern of self-medication practices of analgesics among the 1st and 3rd semester medical students of RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand.Methods: A questionnaire based cross sectional study was done in RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India in March-April 2019 among the undergraduate medical students. The results were expressed as percentage and frequency.Results: Out of total 150 and 142 students in the 1st and 3rd semester respectively, 140 and 130 students practiced self- medication.  Advice from seniors was the biggest source of information in both the groups followed by internet and books. Paracetamol was the most common drug (75%; 60%) and headache was the most common indication (55%; 68%). Quick relief of symptoms was the most common reason for self-medication in both the groups (44%; 48%).Conclusions: In both the groups, the students continued the drug even after experiencing side effects (77%; 60%). Most students were of the view that such practice is not acceptable at all times (75%; 72%).
Disparity in cost of oral hypoglycemic agents available in Indian market
Authors: Singh Dheeraj Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , . Soni
Published: November 2019

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable disease worldwide, of which India has been crowned with the title of “diabetes capital of the world”. On an average a person spends 20% of his or her income for the treatment of diabetes per year. So, it’s become very important to conduct a complete cost disparity study among oral hypoglycemic agent available in the market. Information generated from the current analysis, will be helpful to doctors in choosing the right drug for their patient and for the health sector in successfully utilizing the available resources.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of pharmacology AIIMS, Patna 2019. Price of the drugs per tablet/capsule/vial were reviewed from “Current Index of Medical Specialties” January-April 2019 and “Drug Today” October-December, 2018 for analysis of different formulations of oral hypoglycemic agents.Results: The cost of total 16 drugs belonging to 6 different classes, available in 38 different formulations were analyzed. Total 44 different pharmaceutical companies were involved in the manufacture of oral hypoglycemic agents. Overall glibenclamide (5 mg) and bromocriptine (2.5 mg) showed maximum % price variation of 422.79 and 586.27 respectively. Dapagliflozin and canagliflozin both belonging to sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors shows minimum price variation of 9.86 and 0.9 respectively.Conclusions: The current study shows that there is a huge price variation among oral hypoglycemic agents manufactured by different companies and government needs to take essential steps to bring about the uniformity in the price.
Therapeutic follow-up of postoperative patients on tramadol in the intensive care unit a tertiary African hospital: a cohort study
Authors: Junette Arlette Metogo Mbengono , Paul Owono Etoundi , Ludovic Amengle Albert , Evrad Marcel Nguidjoe , Junie Annick Metogo Ntsama , Edmond Tsafack , Jacqueline Ze Minkande
Published: November 2019

Background: Tramadol, an analgesic, is a prodrug requiring bioactivation through cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450) to obtain O-desmethyltramadol (M1), its active metabolite. However, little is known on the African pharmacogenetic profile of tramadol metabolism. Hence, we aimed to study the biological efficacy of tramadol in an African population.Methods: This was a prospective cohort study over a 3-month period carried out at intensive care unit of a Cameroonian tertiary hospital. We enrolled patients with moderate-to-severe pain surgery, who had not been administered drugs metabolized by CYP450. Immediately after surgery, 2 mg/kg of tramadol was administered intravenously every 6 hours. Pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) within the first 24 hours. Vital signs and side effects were recorded. Plasma samples were collected at 3rd and 6th hours to assay tramadol and M1 using HPLC-UV.Results: We enrolled 30 patients with a mean age of 32 years operated for caesarean section, laparotomy and cancer surgery, under spinal and general anesthesia. Before administration of tramadol, the VAS was 6/10. The VAS decreased 4/10 to 1/10 between the 3rdand the 6th hour. There was a reduction of the respiratory rate of 3 breath cycles per minute as early as the 6th hour. Samples from 13 patients were analyzed. M1 was found in all patients; of which 4 had a slow metabolism and 3 had a faster metabolism.Conclusions: Overall there was good correlation between the clinical and biological analgesic efficacy of tramadol.
Prescription audit to evaluate the pattern and errors in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Patel Poonam , Bhora Murtuza , Vishwe Akash , Nyati P. , Tripathi S. , Gupta Kamayani
Published: November 2019

Background: Medication errors are widespread public health issue. Prescription errors commonly results in medication error. Prescription error can be largely avoidable this study was performed with aim to point out the common mistake in the prescription which may endanger patients.Methods: Our study was cross-sectional and observational, performed in Index Medical College. 320 prescriptions were reviewed. Analysis was done for presence or absence of essential components of prescription like prescriber information’s, patients information’s, details of drug like its dosage form, strength, frequency, total duration of treatment, warnings or instruction for use. The observed data was expressed in number and percentage.Results: Patient information was complete 315 (98.44%) in prescriptions. Prescriber’s information were present in 284 (88.75%). Legibility was seen in 240 (75%). Use of generic drug, capital letters for drug name, warning are seen in 9 (2.81%), 39 (12.19%), 3 (0.94%) respectively. Completeness in terms of the name of drug, dose, strength, route, frequency, duration and dosage forms of prescribed drugs was seen in 252 (78.75%) prescriptions.Conclusions: Properly framed and written prescription can largely prevent medication error. Regular prescription audit must be carried out so that common mistake can be identified and corrective measure with the help of training session, workshop can be taken.
A study on knowledge, awareness and preventive practice about tuberculosis among medical students in Udaipur, India
Authors: More Balaji D. , Doshi Chintan , Baghel Vijay , More Anju B.
Published: November 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly lethal infectious disease causing huge health burden worldwide, commonly involving the respiratory system. Medical students should also be empowered to impart awareness and reduce stigma related to TB. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether educational intervention would affect the level of TB awareness, knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of TB among medical students.Methods: The present study was carried out among the second year medical college students of Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, India (n=142). A multiple-choice questionnaire of 45 questions was designed in English language, for pre- and post-tests. A 30-minute visual health education was given on TB and the assessment of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of TB was done by a pre-test and post-test questionnaire.Results: Out of the total 150 student, 142 participated in the study making the response rate 94.66%. The total mean percentage of correct answers for TB knowledge was 48.59 (±20.44) which improved to 69.33 (±17.74) post-training. The total mean percentage of right attitude was 63.036 (±16.46) which improved to 77.06 (±15.58) post-training. The total mean percentage of correct answer for preventive practice were provided by 67.036 (±12.90) which changed to 79.50 (±12.01) post-training. There was significant difference in the knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of students in pre- and post-training tests (p=0.001).Conclusions: Our findings revealed that medical students had poor knowledge. A simple TB education session had a positive influence on knowledge, attitude and preventive practices about TB among them.
Analysis of medication errors in medicine ward of medical college teaching hospital, Mandya
Authors: K. H. Supriya , N. S. Shashikumar , G. M. Prakash , N. Rajeshwari
Published: November 2019

Background: Medication errors are one of the most common types of medical error that is seen in hospitalised patients. Since medication error is one of the growing concerns of healthcare issue and have implications on patient safety, the purpose of this study was to identify medication error and in turn would help to create awareness among healthcare professionals and provide safety to the patients.Methods: Study was initiated after obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. The study was done for a period of 1 year between June 2016 and May 2017. Clinical data and data regarding the medication that was prescribed, transcribed, dispensed, administered was collected and was analysed for various types of medication errors during the different stages of medication use process.Results: A total of 351 subjects were recruited in the study for assessing medication error. About 2,283 drugs were prescribed among 351 patients. Maximum number of drugs was administered through parenteral route (50.3%). Medication error was most common during the prescribing stage (51.4%) followed by transcribing stage (39.1%), administration stage (6.9%), and dispensing stage (2.6%). On an average 6 drugs were prescribed per patient. Total of about 5411 errors have occurred out of which 98.8% of errors were preventable, 1.2% of errors were non-preventable. Cardiovascular system (21.9%) and endocrine and renal system (21.9%) was commonly affected due to the medication errors.Conclusions: Medication errors are one of the commonest problems of the healthcare system should be identified and documented and their causes should be studied in order to develop systems that minimize the recurrence.
Acute thrombocytopenia due to meropenem: a case report
Authors: Dhande Priti , Deshmukh Shreyas
Published: November 2019

Meropenem is a broad spectrum antibacterial drug from the carbapenem family. It is commonly used as an empirical antimicrobial in severe infections like pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections, septicaemia, meningitis etc. Severe adverse effects with meropenem are rare (<1 %) which include hypersensitivity and hematologic adverse effects. In the literature, few cases have been reported of meropenem induced thrombocytopenia that has shown the immune mechanism by which thrombocytopenia occurs. Drug induced thrombocytopenia (DITP) can be a life threatening condition if not diagnosed and managed properly. As meropenem is being widely used in hospitals nowadays, it is important to be aware of the rare but serious adverse effects it causes.
Maternal factors affecting outcome of induction of labour
Authors: Devarasetty Shravani , Habeebullah S.
Published: November 2019

Background: Induction of labour is a common procedure in modern obstetrics and accounts for 20% among all deliveries. This study aims to assess the factors associated with success/failure of induction of labour.Methods: This is a cohort study involving 220 women who underwent induction of labour in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, MGMCRI from December 2016 to May 2018. After obtaining informed consent, patients were recruited into the study. Maternal parameters like age, parity, gestational age, BMI, Bishop score, indication of induction, method of induction, mode of delivery, maternal complications and neonatal parameters like Apgar score, birth weight and NICU admission were analyzed. Association of all parameters with mode of delivery was done by chi square test or Fisher exact test.Results: Out of 220 women who were induced, vaginal delivery rate was 56.4%. Vaginal delivery rate was high in young women of age 20-25 years (65.2%), multiparous women (65.1%), gestational age of > 40-42 weeks (64.7%), with normal BMI (67.7%), with Bishop score ≥ 5(94.6%), induced for PROM and postdates (68.6%) and induced with single agent (74%). Most common indication of caesarean section was fetal distress (43.7%) followed by meconium stained liquor (30.2%). There were no adverse perinatal outcomes.Conclusions: Women of age 20-25 years, normal BMI and induced with single agent showed statistically significant successful induction of labour.
Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy; an institutional study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Ghadei Ranjita , Mohanty Swayamsiddha , Mishra Sushree Sovana , Giri Debashis
Published: November 2019

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal death during the 1st trimester of pregnancy, accounting for approximately 10% of all pregnancy related deaths. A better understanding of ectopic pregnancy risk can help prevent its occurrence. The present study was designed to evaluate the ectopic pregnancy risk factors and their strength of association with ectopic pregnancy at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: It was a prospective study with 104 cases of ectopic pregnancy and 125 controls conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack for a period of 1 year. Detailed history suggestive of risks factor for ectopic pregnancy, menstrual and obstetrics history was taken. General, systemic, abdominal and vaginal examination was done. Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was confirmed by clinical examination, urine pregnancy test, ultrasonography and culdocentesis and only confirmed cases were included in the study group. Healthy pregnant women were taken as control group.Results: The study revealed that the risk of ectopic pregnancy was associated with the traditional risk factors including previous EP [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 9.98, 95% CI: 0.89-11.1%], previous infertility (AOR= 7.29, 95% CI:2.53-21.0) and previous history of sterilization (AOR=12.47,95% CI: 3.50 - 44.4) and previous history of abortion (AOR= 3.10, 95% CI: 1.53-6.30). Age comparison between cases and controls revealed that the ODDS of having ectopic pregnancy was 4 times in the age group 30 to 35 years as compared to uterine pregnancy and this difference was statistically significant (P value = 0.007).Conclusions: Risk factors such as previous ectopic pregnancy, induction of ovulation, intra uterine device usage, abortion as well as increased maternal age along with recent diagnostic tools aid in early detection of ectopic pregnancy in women resulting in proper and timely treatment.
Knowledge and awareness of emergency contraception methods in rural and urban areas of Haryana, India
Authors: Kaur Sukhbir Pal , Sharma Susmita , Lata Gagan
Published: November 2019

Background: Emergency contraception (EC) is usage of contraceptive method after an unprotected sexual intercourse. It provides a window of opportunity for females for prevention of an unplanned pregnancy. In India, emergency contraceptive usage continues to be very poor. Thus, this study was planned to analyse the knowledge, awareness, and practices of married women in Haryana towards EC methods.Methods: This observational study was undertaken in a single centre on a section of rural and urban population in Haryana. A total of 500 women of reproductive age group were included in the study. A series of questions were asked in a face to face interview from a pre-structured questionnaire in a non-formal yet confidential environment. The data were collected, analysed, and compared with data available in literature.Results: In our study, more than 50% women had never heard of EC. Of those who were aware, majority (95.83%) knew about EC pills. IUD as EC was known to a very few women (2.08%). Television was the most common source of information followed by family and friends. The most common source of procurement of EC pills was from chemist shops (83.3%). Very few women (4.1%), knew the correct time for taking the EC pills.Conclusions: Our study affirms a poor knowledge about use of emergency contraception among women in Haryana. Imparting knowledge through television, social media and incorporating and highlighting EC use in sex education programs can greatly help to increase the awareness and knowledge of correct EC use.
A prospective observational study of fetomaternal outcome in second stage caesarean section
Authors: . Isha , Lal Prabha , Dutta Vikram , Kaushal Aayushi
Published: November 2019

Background: Incidence of caesarean section is rapidly rising over last two decades and one fourth is contributed by caesarean section in second stage. The objective of this study was to study of fetomaternal outcome in second stage caesarean section.Methods: Prospective observational study was done in 80 women undergoing second stage caesarean section from December 2015 to March 2017 at Lady Hardinge Medical Collage Delhi. These women observed from labour to caesarean section in second stage of labour till post-operative period for any complication. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed in these women.Results: Caesarean section rate was 22% in which 3.9% were done in second stage of labour. Most common gestational age being 39-40 weeks (47%). Most common indication being deep transverse arrest (41.25%). Intraoperative complication as bladder injury (5%), extension of uterine incision (23%), PPH (33%) and need for blood transfusion (31%) and post-operative complication as wound sepsis in 58% and 20% requiring resuturing, post-operative fever, prolong hospital stay, prolonged catheterization etc. neonatal complications as severe birth asphyxia (2.5%), respiratory distress (55%), need for mechanical ventilation.Conclusions: Thus, caesarean section done in second stage of labour is associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity.
Transvaginal sonography versus saline infusion sonohysterography, which has better diagnosing accuracy in detecting cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women?
Authors: . Saika , Singh Tania
Published: November 2019

Background: Saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) is a simple, safe, reliable, effective and well-tolerated method without complications that complements transvaginal sonography (TVS) in the pre-operative examination of uterine pathology. SIS has been found to be superior to TVS in most studies that have compared their effectiveness in detecting intracavitary lesions and has also been found to decrease the number of diagnostic hysteroscopies to as much as 50%. Patients in whom no intracavitary abnormality is detected by SIS require no further evaluation and are best treated with medical therapy.Methods: The observational study was conducted in the postgraduate department of gynaecology and obstetrics, Lalla Ded Hospital, Government Medical College Srinagar. All consecutive patients with perimenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding attending gynaecology OPD were enrolled in the study after taking informed written consent.Results: SIS has better accuracy than TVS in diagnosing the cause of AUB in perimenopausal women. TVS had sensitivity, specificity and PLR of 60 and 93.8, 9.8, respectively for fibroids while polyps had 27.3, 98.8 and 17.5, respectively, AUP had 81.8, 79.2, 3.9 respectively. SIS had sensitivity, specificity, PLR and NLR values of 80.0, 96.9, 40.7 and 0.21, respectively for diagnosing fibroids, while 63.6, 98.4, 26 and 0.37 respectively for polyp, and 90.9, 94.3, 16.1 respectively for AUP.Conclusions: Accuracy of SIS as a test for detecting pathology in AUB in perimenopausal patients is moderately good and suitable for developing countries.
Spot protein/creatinine ratio as a marker for fetomaternal outcome in hypertensive disorder of pregnancy
Authors: Taneja Ashima , Kaur Gagandeep , Kaur Manpreet , Chaudhary Muskan , Kaur Kulvir
Published: November 2019

Background: Gestational hypertension is defined as systolic BP level of > 140 mmHg or a diastolic BP of > 90 mmHg that occur after 20 weeks of gestation. Pre-eclampsia is the hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, associated with adverse fetomaternal complications. It is assosciated with proteinuria. 24 hours urine collection is cumbersome, time consuming and potentially misleading if collected inaccurately. The spot P/C ratio has been considered equivalent to 24-hour urinary protein for predicting proteinuria. Aim of study was to compare spot P/C ratio to 24 hours urinary protein in patients of pre-eclampsia and to determine the fetomaternal outcome in the patients admitted in Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana.Methods: A prospective simple random study. It included 100 hypertensive pregnant women being evaluated for pre-elampsia, regardless of the alerting signs or symptoms. The main measures were the urinalysis of patients which included urinary spot P/C and 24 hours urinary protein excretion and the fetomaternal outcome in these patients. The data was statistically analyzed.Results: A good positive correlation existed between the P/C ratio and 24 hours protein excretion, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.912. The sensitivity and specificity of 24 hours urinary protein versus spot P/C ratio ranged between 86.29%-99.51% and 8.35%-99.95% respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratio of 24 hours urinary protein versus spot P/C ratio was 48 (ranged between 6.89-334) and 0.04 (ranged between 0.01-0.16) respectively. The positive and negative predictive value of 24 hours urinary protein versus spot P/C ratio was 97.96% and 96.08% respectively. Our data showed that urine spot P/C ratio above 3.9/mg strongly predicts significant proteinuria of more than 4 gram/day.Conclusions: Spot urinary P/C ratio with suspected preeclampsia can be used as a rapid alternative test to 24 hours urinary protein.
Changes in blood and urine parameters among pregnant women during third trimester
Authors: Osman Ahmed L. , Eltom Abdelgadir , Ismail Marwan , Ahmed Khalid , Khalil Alaa , Mohamed Eman , Gopinath Kiran
Published: November 2019

Background: During pregnancy, the pregnant lady undergoes significant anatomical and physiological changes in order to nurture and accommodate the developing fetus. These changes begin after conception and affect every organ system in the body.Methods: The study was carried out in the United Arab Emirates - Ajman (Thumbay Hospital) during the period of (March - Jun) in the year of 2018 to estimate HbA1c% levels, hematological blood parameters and urine culture in healthy pregnant women during 3rd trimester. The study was conducted on (108) healthy pregnant women during3rd trimester. Urine culture was performed to detect the growth of bacteria after the culture, gram stain was done to differentiate the bacteria followed by biochemical test to detect the type of bacteria.Results: A total 26 (79%) of patients had normal HbA1c% result while 7(21%) had elevated HbA1c% result. The results of HbA1c% in last trimester mean±SD (range) HbA1c% (n=33) were 5.5±0.52% (111.5±14.8 mg/dL). Also, our results showed strong positive correlation between HbA1% with estimated Average blood glucose (r=0.78, P value=0.00), and weak positive correlation between HbA1 with age (years) (r=0.2, P value=0.02). Bacterial culture showed that two positive results of stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated, three cases of Staphylococcus aureus was isolated and three cases of staphylococcus saprophyticus. Hematological profile showed a clinically significant (≤ 0.05) in Hb mean 11.47, P value 0.001, HCT mean, 33.9 P value 0.001 and MCV mean 73.7 value 0.001. No clinically significant (≥ 0.05) in RBCs mean 3.93, P value 0.010, MCH mean 27.3 P value 0.061 and MCHC mean 30.9 P value 0.134.Conclusions: Our study conclude that estimation of HbA1c%, hematological blood parameters and urine culture level in last trimester will be helpful in diagnosis, monitoring and predicting fetal distress.
Primary ovarian ectopic pregnancy: early diagnosis is the key
Authors: Vora Priyanka H. , Choudhary Rana A. , Ganla Kedar N.
Published: November 2019

Ectopic pregnancy means implantation of the embryo outside the uterine cavity. It may occur in the fallopian tubes, ovaries or the cervix. Primary ovarian ectopic is a very rare condition. In such cases preservation of ovary is extremely important, particularly in patients with infertility. We report a case of primary ovarian ectopic which was managed conservatively in a patient of primary infertility. Preservation of ovary is extremely important, particularly in patients with infertility.
Misdiagnosis of interstitial pregnancy followed by circlage operation and failed induced midtrimester abortion: a case report
Authors: Sharma Nalini , Saha Anusmita
Published: November 2019

Interstitial pregnancy is rare form of ectopic pregnancy that can expand up to 18 weeks leads to massive haemoperitoneum hence early diagnosis is imperative to decrease mortality and morbidity. Present case diagnosed as interstitial pregnancy at laparotomy when she had taken for hysterotomy after two failed courses of medical abortion. Clinicians should bear in mind the limitations of various investigations and should have a higher degree of suspicion for interstitial pregnancy Any deviation from normal response to administration of medical abortificient, such as failure to abort, should instigate the diagnosis of ectopic (interstitial) pregnancy by expert radiologist.
Effectiveness and safety evaluation of oral cefixime and moxifloxacin fixed dose combination in lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Agrawal Manish , Adkar Rajeev , Kulkarni Milind , Sheth Dhaval J. , Idnani Rommel , Singh Kritarth Naman , Patil Saiprasad , Barkate Hanmant
Published: November 2019

Background: Scientific literature advocates the need for combination therapies in combatting lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Cefixime (400 mg) and moxifloxacin (400 mg) fixed dose combination (FDC) is currently approved in India for the management of LRTI, but data related to its real world usage is lacking. The present study was designed to understand the real world use (effectiveness and safety) of this FDC in LRTI.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at out-patient departments of 5 hospitals between August 2018 and January 2019. After ethics committee approval, data of adults LRTI patients who received FDC of cefixime (400 mg) and moxifloxacin (400 mg) for at least 72 hours was collected. Improvement in LRTI symptoms (cough, sputum volume and purulence, fever, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, sleep disturbance, fatigue) were scored at baseline and follow-up using a 5-point severity scale. White blood cell (WBC) counts at baseline and end-of-treatment were compared.Results: Data of 190 patients having mean age 42.33+16.15 years was evaluated. Majority were males (61.58%), with commonest LRTI infection being community acquired pneumonia (CAP) (84.21%). Commonest clinical symptom reported (97.37%) was cough. All patients showed improvement in symptoms and significant improvement in all mean symptom scores were noted (p<0.05). Of the 30 patients having WBC above normal range, 29 showed a decrease in count at end of treatment. No adverse events were reported.Conclusions: Oral FDC of cefixime (400 mg) and moxifloxacin (400 mg) was efficacious in improving all symptoms reported by LRTI patients without causing any adverse event.
Study of cardiac manifestations in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: K. R. Divya Sharma , T. Kavya S.
Published: November 2019

Background: Chronic liver disease is a common cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This has pathological effects on various systems in the body including cardiovascular system which usually is unnoticed. In majority of cases of chronic liver disease, cardiovascular complications develop as a subclinical condition which manifests only during stressful situations. Hence early detection of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy by echocardiography and 2D-ECHO studies in all patients of chronic liver disease helps in reducing the morbidity and mortality.Methods: 100 cases of chronic liver disease were included in the study. Data was collected through a prepared proforma. All patients were subjected to cardiac evaluation by ECG and Echocardiography. Serum pro-BNP levels were done for selected patients. Severity of the liver disease was assessed by using Child-Pugh score. Cardiac abnormalities were noted and correlated with the severity of the liver disease.Results: Out of 100 patients studied, 83% were males. 80% of the patients had history of alcoholism. 59% of the patients had abnormal ECG finding. 40% of them had QT prolongation and was related to the severity of liver disease. 60% of the total patients studied had positive pro-BNP values in patients with significant cardiac dysfunction. 46% of the patients had normal echocardiographic finding; most common abnormal finding was diastolic dysfunction (43%) and positively correlated with severity of liver disease.Conclusions: In chronic liver disease patient’s QT prolongation is the most common ECG abnormality. Most common Echocardiographic finding was diastolic dysfunction which had strong correlation with the severity of the liver disease.
A study to assess the magnitude of various minor physical anomalies in bipolar disorders and to compare them between bipolar disorder patients and their first degree relatives
Authors: Pandey Abhinav , Khan Haseeb , Rathore Dinesh M. S.
Published: November 2019

Background: Bipolar disorder appears to be related to anatomic abnormalities in medial temporal lobe, in particular amygdale, prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Two recent MRI findings have supported a neuro developmental etiology of bipolar disorders.Methods: It was a cross-sectional comparative hospital based study. The subjects were recruited for the study by the purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted at the Institute of Mental Health and Hospital Mathura Road Agra. The study sample consisted of 20 bipolar disorder patients diagnosed as per ICD-10 DCR (WHO, 1992) criteria, 20 first degree relatives, one for each patient. Total sample size is 40.Results: It was observed that in bipolar patients’ maximum anomalies were seen in Mouth (0.35±0.48) head (0.30±0.57) followed by anomalies of eyes (0.25±0.55) hand (0.20±0.41) and ear (0.05±0.22). It was observed that in Bipolar FDRs maximum anomalies were seen in mouth (0.20±0.04) ear (0.15±0.45) head (0.1±0.3) and then anomalies of eye and hand in equal propensity (0.05±0.22) and least anomalies in feet (0.00±0.00).Conclusions: The rate of MPAs in bipolar patients was more than their FDRs but not statically significant. Both sibling groups had fewer MPAs than the patients. When viewed within a vulnerability-stress model, the results are consistent with the theory that MPAs may reflect early, largely extra-genetic, stressful events.
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults treated in Imo State University teaching hospital Orlu local government area, Imo State, Owerri, Nigeria
Authors: C. Ezeama Martina , E. Enwereji Ezinna
Published: November 2019

Background: Type 2 diabetes is the result of complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Diabetes epidemic is largely due to unhealthy diet and lifestyles. Dietary composition affects both its development and complications because fatty acids influence glucose metabolism by altering cell membrane function, enzyme activity, insulin signalling, and gene expression. Therefore, replacing saturated fats and trans-fatty acids with unsaturated fats has beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and in reducing the risks of type 2 diabetes. Research has shown that if people with diabetes, together with the health care workers manage diabetes well, that the risk of complications will be greatly reduced or prevented or delayed. This study focused on assessing the prevalence and causes of type 2 diabetes, types of complications patients presented, and the likely preventive interventions given to them in University Teaching Hospital Orlu.Methods: A retrospective study that carried out extensive review of hospital records of adults admitted and treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus from 2015 to 2017 in University Teaching Hospital was done. The review of the adult patients' records lasted for three working weeks. In the review, summaries of causes of diabetes, types of complications and preventive measures health workers provided to the patients were documented.Results: Finding showed that 79 adults made up of 43(54.4%) males and 36(45.6%) female between 41-77 years were admitted and treated for various causes of type 2 diabetes between 2015 and 2017. Most of the patients treated were civil and public servants. The main cause of diabetes mellitus 51(65%) among the patients studied was physical inactivity due to sedentary work. The common complications presented were hypertension, diabetic ulcer, depression and obesity. Health talks and group counselling were the interventions provided. These interventions concentrated on types of healthy dietary intakes and lifestyles the patients should adopt.Conclusions: Regular and sustained health care services that would emphasize healthy diet and lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus should be provided to all  patients treated  in this  hospital. Therefore, obese diabetic patients should be encouraged to engage in physical exercises so as to maintain healthy body weight which is a cornerstone for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Adult onset still’s disease: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Reddy Dugganapalli Dinesh Kumar , Sindhusha Veeraballi , Jagadeesh Metta
Published: November 2019

Adult onset still’s disease is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology, characterized by clinical triad (high spiking fever, evanescent rash and arthritis) and biological triad with lack of serological markers as a true gold standard makes diagnosis difficulty. Here is a case of 32year old male presented with high grade fever for 2 months, joint pains and swelling for 1month rash for 3 days. O/E: pallor and B/L tender, swollen ankle and knee joints, and P/A: splenomegaly. Investigations showed-Hb%. 8 gms, neutrophilic leucocytosis with thrombocytosis, ESR:72 mm/1h, CRP elevated. ASO-titre, RA factor and Anti CCP antibodies are negative. Adult onset still’s disease is a heterogenous and rare systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology with lack of serological diagnostic modalities.
Current applications of proteomics: a key and novel approach
Authors: Sharma Vipin Kumar , Kumar Ravi
Published: November 2019

Proteomics represented vital applications of technologies in the identification and quantification of high to moderate proteins (cellular signalling networks) found in biological matrix such as tissues, cells and fluids. Proteomics based technical knowledge is applied and verified in several preclinical research settings such as invention of diagnostic markers for specific disease and have shown to be increased in clinical applications. Extensive studies on proteomics resulted in detection of biomarkers that have been highly advanced in using diseases for cancer, lungs, cardiovascular, renal and neuro-regenerative and Parkinson's disease by introducing human origins for biocompatibility such as urine and serum. Advancement in the proteomic methods is conferring candidate right direction for clinical usage. In this review, recent developments and widely used proteomics approaches such as Mass Spectrometry (MS), Microarray chips are elaborately addressed and also focused merits and demerits of commonly used advanced approaches such as Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM), Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) and Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) and other used proteomics and that roles, in order to aid clinicians, were also discussed in the light of biomedical applications.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma at base of the tongue with rare cervical lymph node metastasis diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Garg Richa , Gupta Sunil
Published: November 2019

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon malignant tumour of salivary glands. Occurrence at base of the tongue is rare. Distant metastasis is common, however, metastasis to regional lymph node is not seen commonly, but if occurs carries a bad prognostic value and lessens the average survival age of the patient. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in such cases provides early diagnosis for rapid management of the patient. Review of literature shows that very occasional cases are reported with ACC at base of tongue with regional lymph node metastasis. Here, we present such a rare case of a 55 years old male patient with metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of cervical lymph node diagnosed on FNAC with primary at base of the tongue.
MANIFESTATIONS OF LIFEWORLD CRISIS AMONG SYRIAN MALE YOUTH IN JORDANIAN REFUGEE CAMPS
Authors: Al-Hourani Mohammed Abdel Karim , Azzam Abdel Baset , Jaber Rania
Published: November 2019

This study explores manifestations of lifeworld crisis among a sample of 362 Syrian refugee male youth in the Za’atari camp in Jordan. It fills a gap in research about the conditions of Syrian refugees in the camps. The findings reveal that the first-rank manifestation of the crisis was psychological stress: participants reported feeling fearful, distrustful, absent-minded, threatened, and worried, and having difficulty falling asleep. Second, the youth suffered a lack of gratification with regard to food, money, comfortable accommodation, water for drinking and cleaning, health care, and clothes. Third, they had a loss of meaning in their lives, including loss of interest in surrounding events, of hope about the future, of motivation to do things, of quality of life, of friendships, and of freedom. Fourth, they suffered from anomie, which implies loss of respect for moral rules, rights, and regulations, and the loss of physical security, social stability, and human dignity. Coping strategies used by participants to overcome these circumstances included religiosity, belief in returning home, accepting the situation as representing God’s will, regarding the camp as the best alternative, and controlling their feelings.
SEXUAL HARASSMENT OF SYRIAN FEMALE YOUTH IN JORDANIAN REFUGEE CAMPS
Authors: Al-Hourani Mohammed Abdel Karim , Azzam Abdel Baset , Mott Addison J.
Published: November 2019

This study aimed at documenting the sexual harassment of Syrian female refugees in refugee camps in Jordan. A purposive sample of 187 Syrian female refugees in the Za’atari camp was selected. The results showed that the environment of the camp played an important role in motivating males to harass females owing to the weakness of the security measures and the lack of sanctions upon deviant behaviors. Our findings show that females were subjected to numerous forms of sexual harassment, including hearing sexual jokes and sexual expressions, and being subjected to suggestive looks, sexual letters, and unwanted touching. Additionally, our results revealed that participants responded to sexual harassment by keeping silent because they feared making their situation worse by provoking conflict within their families. This left the victims without protection or the chance to obtain justice.
Formation of lipid droplets induced by 2,3-dihydrogeranylgeranoic acid distinct from geranylgeranoic acid.
Authors: Kodaira Yuichi , Kusumoto Takeru , Takahashi Takeshi , Matsumura Yoshihiro , Miyagi Yukino , Okamoto Kyoko , Shidoji Yoshihiro , Sagami Hiroshi
Published: November 2019

Geranylgeranoic acid (GGA) and 2,3-dihydrogeranylgeranoic acid (2,3-diGGA) are geranylgeraniol-derived metabolites (Kodaira et al. (2002) J Biochem 132: 327-334). In the present study, we examined the effects of these acids on HL-60 cells. The cells were differentiated into neutrophils by GGA stimulation like retinoic acid stimulation. In the case of cells stimulated with 2,3-diGGA, neutrophils were not detected, but the formation of lipid droplets was induced. On the other hand, when the cells were cultured in the presence of 0.1% FBS instead of 10% FBS, apoptotic cells were induced not only by GGA stimulation but also with 2,3-diGGA. In the latter case, when the cells were cultured in the co-presence of a caspase-3 inhibitor (Ac-DMQD-CHO), the lipid droplets formation was observed in the cells. These results suggest that GGA and 2,3-diGGA are extremely different from each other with respect to their effects on HL-60 cells.