bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the possibility of testing the no-hair theorem with Minkowski-deformed regular hairy black holes via photon rings
Authors: Yang Xilong , Tang Meirong , Xu Zhaoyi
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we investigate the optical appearance of a regular static spherically symmetric hairy black hole within the context of Minkowski deformation governed by the parameter $$\alpha $$
α
. This black hole describes a hairy black hole with geometric deformations in the radial and temporal metric components, parameterized by $$\alpha $$
α
. The optical appearance of the black hole, illuminated by a static thin accretion disk in three toy emission function models, exhibits distinctive shadows and photon rings. Our findings reveal that for static spherically symmetric hairy Minkowski-deformed regular black holes, the event horizon radius $$r_h$$

r
h

, photon sphere radius $$r_{ph}$$

r

ph

, critical impact parameter $$b_{ph}$$

b

ph

, and innermost stable circular orbit radius $$r_{isco}$$

r

isco

all have a positive correlation with $$\alpha $$
α
. These parameters affect the null geodesic trajectories, shadows, and the optical appearance of the photon rings illuminated by a static thin accretion disk around the black hole. Utilizing this, we obtained the optical appearance of this black hole when observed in the forward direction of the optical and geometric thin accretion disk models. In all three models, the radius of the photon ring images also shows a positive correlation with the parameter $$\alpha $$
α
. Therefore, under the static spherically symmetric hairy Minkowski-deformed regular black hole, there is no degeneracy of photon rings dependent on the parameter $$\alpha $$
α
. Theoretically, this allows for the distinction of different spacetime metrics of hairy Minkowski-deformed regular black holes, providing a potential method for testing the no-hair theorem through future observations of black hole photon rings.
Decorating the gauge/YBE correspondence
Authors: Catak Erdal , Mullahasanoglu Mustafa
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we aim to study the three-dimensional $${\mathcal {N}}=2$$

N
=
2

supersymmetric dual gauge theories on $$S_b^3/\mathbb {Z}_r$$

S
b
3

/

Z
r

in the context of the gauge/YBE correspondence. We consider hyperbolic integral identities acquired via the equality of supersymmetric lens partition functions as solutions to the decoration transformation and the flipping relation in statistical mechanics. The solutions of those transformations aim at investigating various decorated lattice models possessing the Boltzmann weights of integrable Ising-like models obtained via the gauge/YBE correspondence. We also constructed The Bailey pairs for the decoration transformation and the flipping relation.
An improved dynamic-sensitive centrality based on interactive influence for identifying influential nodes in aviation networks
Authors: Zhong Linfeng , Chen Pengfei , Hu Fei , Huang Jin , Zhong Qingwei , Gao Xiangying , Yang Hao , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2024

The identification of influential nodes in complex networks is a hot topic among scholars. Classical methods commonly analyze single node information or static structures but seldom emphasize dynamic properties and the interactive influence of nodes. Here, we proposed an improved Dynamic-Sensitive centrality (IDS) method by considering the interactive influence of both the self and neighbor nodes. Based on six real aviation networks and the Susceptible Infected Recovered (SIR) spreading disease model, we simulated the actual spreading process within these networks. Relevant experiments were conducted through Kendall’s correlation coefficient, the imprecision function, and the complementary cumulative distribution function. The experimental results demonstrated that the IDS can more accurately identify the influential node and effectively differentiate the node influence in the network compared with other benchmark methods. Especially in the EU air-2 network, the IDS results in Kendall’s correlation coefficient are improved by 105% compared to the DS centrality.
Osthole, a Coumarin from Cnidium monnieri: A Review on Its Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Innovative Drug Delivery Platforms
Authors: Lin Hao , You Qiang , Wei Xing , Chen Zongjun , Wang Xianwei
Published: September 2024

Osthole, a coumarin compound mainly derived from Cnidium monnieri (L.), has attracted much interest from the scientific community owing to its multiple therapeutic properties. However, its pharmacological mechanism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological effects are far from clear. Furthermore, the potential drug delivery platforms of osthole remain to be comprehensively delineated. The present review aimed to systematically summarize the most up-to-date information related to pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and safety issues related to osthole, and discuss the investigations of novel drug delivery platforms. The information herein discussed was retrieved from authoritative databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and so on, reviewing information published up until February of 2024. New evidence shows that osthole induces a sequence of therapeutic actions and has a moderate absorption rate and rapid metabolic characteristics. In addition, this phytoconstituent possesses potential hepatotoxicity, and caution should be exercised against the risk of the drug combination. Furthermore, given its needy solubility in aqueous medium and non-organizational targeting, novel drug delivery methods have been designed to overcome these shortcomings. Given the properties of osthole, its therapeutic benefits ought to be elucidated in a greater array of comprehensive research studies, and the molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits should be explored.
UNDERSTANDING THE PAIN IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: INSIGHTS FROM THE SEMI-QUANTITATIVE MRI OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE SCORE ANALYSIS
Authors: PENG CONG , SUN RONGQING
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to analyze and predict various types of knee pain in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients based on Semi-Quantitative MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (SQ-MOAKS) features. The goal was to identify structural abnormalities in the knee joint associated with different types of pain, thereby aiding in the development of personalized treatment plans. Subjects were selected from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) database, including 297 patients who underwent both SQ-MOAKS assessment on knee MRI images and WOMAC knee pain assessment. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for feature selection, followed by the construction of multi-risk factor models and corresponding nomograms for each pain type. The predictive values of the models were evaluated using ROC curves and related metrics (AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity), and the DeLong test was used to assess the significance of differences between various ROCs and AUCs. Significant associations were found between specific SQ-MOAKS features and different types of knee pain. Bone marrow lesions (BML) and cartilage morphology (CM) features were crucial in predicting the walking pain and rest pain, while osteophytes (OS) were more associated with nocturnal pain and pain during stair climbing. The models demonstrated high predictive accuracy, particularly for walking pain and rest pain. This study demonstrated that SQ-MOAKS features could effectively predict different types of knee pain, revealing the structural basis of knee pain in KOA patients. These results prompted the use of SQ-MOAKS in developing personalized treatment strategies, enhancing clinical decision-making, and improving patient quality of life.
SUPER-RESOLUTION OF DMRI BASED ON DENSENET WITH FA GUIDANCE
Authors: ZHAO XITONG
Published: September 2024

High-resolution (HR) imaging is essential for exploring the microstructure in the brain and thus plays a crucial role in facilitating early and accurate medical diagnosis. However, it often reduces the signal-to-noise ratio and limits coverage area due to long scanning times and increased sensitivity to device variability. To address this, we developed a new neural network architecture called Fractional Anisotropy (FA)-guided Densely Connected Super-Resolution network (FADCSR). We used a patch-based approach and advanced convolutional networks with adaptive three-dimensional (3D) dense connectivity to efficiently process the FA features, which are vital for guiding the super-resolution reconstruction of diffusion-weighted images. This enhanced the quality of the reconstructed HR images and preserved the microscopic structural features. We evaluated the FADCSR model against other leading super-resolution methods using the Human Connectome Project datasets. Our results showed superior super-resolution performance of FADCSR in reconstructing 3D diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, demonstrating its effectiveness and potential for broader applications in medical imaging technology.
ECOLOGICAL VALIDATION AND RELIABILITY OF AN AI-BASED MECHANICAL DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY (MDT) SYSTEM FOR CHRONIC MECHANICAL LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: HAN SANGKEUN , PARK CHANHEE , YOU SUNG (JOSHUA) H.
Published: September 2024

Although mechanical diagnosis and therapy (MDT) is generally used for its accurate “hands-on manual or face-to-face diagnostic” classification and therapeutic efficacy in treating low back pain (LBP), the validity and test–retest reliability of an AI-based MDT platform (“Dr. AI”) for chronic LBP diagnosis remain unestablished. This research aimed to assess the validity and reliability of Dr. AI compared to the conventional face-to-face diagnosis by physical therapists (“Dr. PT”). Fifty participants ([Formula: see text] years, eight females) with chronic LBP were classified into postural, derangement, and other syndromes using MDT guidelines based on the signs, posture, and repeated movement tests. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were employed to compare the classification accuracies of Dr. PT and Dr. AI. The significance value for linear regression and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyses was set at [Formula: see text]. Linear regression analysis demonstrated excellent validity ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), indicating the outstanding accuracy of Dr. AI. The test–retest reliability data demonstrated good-to-excellent ICC (0.82–0.94; [Formula: see text]), indicating consistent measurements by Dr. AI. These findings highlight the important clinical application of the Dr. AI MDT system, which accurately and consistently identifies and classifies syndromes in chronic LBP in a remote or ecological environment. Our novel study has demonstrated more than 10% higher reliability and validity than previous studies.
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN SPRINT SPORTS
Authors: CAO JIE , REN JIE , GUAN FUYU , LI XUEYAN , WANG NAN
Published: September 2024

The completion time of sprinting is short, and it requires high explosive power from the human body. Satisfactory results can only be achieved through scientific training. From the perspective of analyzing human biomechanical characteristics, an analysis method based on an Echo State Network (ESN) was constructed. This method utilizes the strong learning ability and good approximation ability of ESN to achieve stability under limited data training. The angles of the six joints in the lower limbs are used as inputs to the ESN, and athlete sprint acceleration data is used as outputs to the ESN. The experimental results show that the constructed ESN can effectively analyze the changes in joint angles during short-distance running. Compared with statistical analysis methods, it improves the training accuracy of each joint by about 10%, which is of great significance for assisting the scientific training of short-distance running.
A CORRELATION ANALYSIS METHOD BETWEEN STUDENTS’ DIGITAL LITERACY AND MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: BAO KE , HU JUNPING , LEUNG CHUN KAI , YAO JIAN
Published: September 2024

This study aims to explore the correlation between college students’ digital literacy and mental health and proposes a method based on Twin Support Vector Machines (TWSVMs) classification and chi-square validation correlation analysis. First, a group of college students’ digital literacy data was collected by designing and distributing questionnaires. The questionnaire covers multiple aspects such as digital skills, information literacy, and technology application, to comprehensively evaluate the students’ digital literacy level. The collected digital literacy data were classified using TWSVM to obtain the digital literacy assessment results. Next, the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of the same group were collected, and the EEG signals were subjected to power spectral density (PSD) feature extraction and TWSVM classification model training to obtain the mental health identification results of each student. Finally, after obtaining the digital literacy assessment and mental health identification results, the chi-square validation method was used for correlation analysis to evaluate the linear relationship between the two. Through the analysis, we found that students with higher digital literacy were more likely to have good mental health. In comparison, students with lower digital literacy were more likely to have mental health problems. This study revealed a significant correlation between college students’ digital literacy and mental health, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for educators and mental health professionals. Improving students’ digital literacy will not only help their academic and career development but may also have a positive impact on their mental health, thereby promoting their overall development.
Influence of Two Viscosity Models and Activation Energy on Synovial Fluid Through Thermophoretic Particle Deposition
Authors: Khan Nargis , Fatima Maryam , Hashmi M. S. , Rezapour Shahram , Inc Mustafa
Published: September 2024

Synovial fluid is found in synovial joints, which act as a lubricant and shock absorber, that is crucial for the detection and treatment of diseases and injuries associated with the joints. It is significant for enhancing joint health diagnostics and treatment, improving drug delivery systems and advancing the understanding of complex fluid behavior and particle transport mechanisms in biomedical and engineering applications. The biological field utilizes complex analyses of condyloid, hinge, pivot and shoulder joints for current development. This work uses two viscosity models to examine the impact of activation energy and nonlinear heat source on the synovial fluid (SF) with thermophoretic particle deposition. The current model shows how the viscosity of an SF is affected by concentration and deformation. The impact of MHD and variable thermal conductivity on a heated disc is also investigated. The flow has been examined using the Arrhenius equation, which offers a mathematical explanation of how activation energy works in our system. PDEs are transformed into ODEs by employing the similarity transformation. The problem is solved by using the modified shooting method (bvp4c). This study focuses on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles while presenting the physical significance of all the fluid parameters involved. These profiles are thoroughly described and shown graphically. The results show that when the magnetic parameter rises, the temperature profile rises and the velocity profile declines. The concentration profile decreases with higher values of the reaction rate parameter and the thermophoretic parameter and also increases with a higher value of the activation energy parameter. The flow of SF for model-I is significantly larger than that for model-II.
(Invited) Particles Removal on Challenging Surfaces
Authors: Garnier Philippe , Galbes Hugo
Published: September 2024

In semiconductor manufacturing, particle removal is critical for high yield. This study investigates cleaning efficiency on challenging surfaces like deep trenches, wafer bevel, and bonded dies, using various methods. Intentional contamination was applied using silica, silicon nitride, and ceria particles. Cleaning methods tested include high-velocity biphasic sprays, cryogenic processes, and polymer peel techniques. Results show that while polymer peeling offers excellent particle removal efficiency (PRE) on blanket surfaces and wafer bevels, it struggles with high aspect ratio features due to polymer film dewetting. The study provides a new methodology for generating cleaning tool fingerprints and highlights the importance of key contamination parameters, such as particle nature, media characteristics, and queue time. The findings underscore the need for evolving cleaning processes to address the complexities of modern semiconductor surfaces.
(Digital Presentation) Investigation of Nanoconfined Wet Etching Mechanism Using MD Simulation
Authors: Yoshida Yuki , Nakano Takeo , Kumari Sangita , Hu Shan , D’elia Peter
Published: September 2024

With the advancement in semiconductor technology, multi-dimensional geometries are being formed resulting in nanoconfined spaces. It is very difficult to etch these nanoconfined spaces uniformly across different critical dimension (CD) sizes by wet processes, where typically the etch rate (ER) decreases in narrow CDs. One of the mechanisms is the electric double layer (EDL) model, which prevents etchants from entering the nanochannels due to the overlapping of the EDL. In previous experiments, it was reported that mixing an organic solvent with an etching solution does not decrease the ER in narrow CDs. The EDL model alone cannot fully explain the mechanism in organic solvents, and other factors need to be considered. In this paper, we report the results of investigating the etching mechanism in water and organic solvents in nanoconfined spaces by calculating number density distribution and diffusion time using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
An Assessment of the Lateral Selective Etching, with HCl, of High Versus Low Ge Content SiGe Layers
Authors: Hartmann Jean-Michel , Previtali Bernard , Aussenac Francois , Dezest Pattamon , Glorieux Olivier , Blot-Saby Adrien , Couture Ludovic , Barraud Sylvain
Published: September 2024

We have evaluated the feasibility of selectively etching, with gaseous HCl, high versus low Ge content SiGe layers. To that end, we have grown {20 to 25 nm thick Si / ~ 12-15 nm thick Si0.8Ge0.2 or Si0.75Ge0.25 / ~ 11-14 nm thick Si0.5Ge0.5} multilayers on SOI substrates. After a low temperature capping with SiN, such stacks were patterned into regular arrays of square mesas or lines with a stop on the buried oxide, to laterally etch the layers of interest. We first determined, at 500°C, 600 Torr, the (001) blanket HCl etch rates of SiGe 30% and 40%: 1.4 and 5.3 nm min.-1. We then switched over to patterned wafers. The lateral selective etching of Si0.5Ge0.5 versus Si0.8Ge0.2 (and Si) was feasible and the following features highlighted: (i) Si0.5Ge0.5 lateral etch rates along the <110> directions were much smaller than in the vertical [001] direction and (ii) because of micro-loading, lateral etch rates were definitely higher for squares than for lines (0.9-1.1 nm min.-1 for lines, to be compared with 1.7–2.1 nm min.-1 for squares). Meanwhile, the lateral selective etching of Si0.5Ge0.5 versus Si0.75Ge0.25 was far from being perfect, with much higher Si0.5Ge0.5 etch rates and a significant Si0.75Ge0.25 recessing at tunnel entrances. Si0.75Ge0.25 floors and ceilings were otherwise far more etched and thus tilted than Si0.8Ge0.2 ones. Inserting very thin Si spacers between Si0.5Ge0.5 cores and Si0.75Ge0.25 claddings partly solved those issues, with no recessing and lesser etchings at the entry points of tunnels.
Design of PNP SiGe HBTs Towards 200 GHz fmax
Authors: Raghunathan Uppili , Shank Steven , McTaggart Sarah , Lydon-Nuhfer Megan , Luce Cameron , Hazbun Ramsey , Bosley Stephen , Vallett Aaron , Dillon Daisy , Sirohi Saurabh , Johnson Jeffrey B. , Derrickson Alexander , Jain Vibhor , Pekarik John Jack
Published: September 2024

Engineering SiGe HBTs with very high fT
and fmax
poses a significant challenge in the industry. Most technology iterations focus primarily on the improvement of the NPN performance for RF amplifiers, and a fast PNP device is often never offered. It is even more difficult to make high performance SiGe PNP transistors with comparable performance due to fundamental material and electrical limitations. However, the availability of a complementary device can enable several circuit applications including matched driver circuits and push-pull amplifiers. This paper applies lateral and vertical optimizations in a SiGe PNP, explores the performance scaling available and demonstrates a measured peak fT
/fmax
performance of 130/180 GHz at a BVCBO of 5.1 V.
Improved Nonlinear Self-Heating Compact Modeling in SiGe HBTs Using Mextram
Authors: Zhang Anni , Niu Guofu , Li Yiao , Willemsen Marnix , Scholten Andries
Published: September 2024

The linear and nonlinear SH models in the latest versions of Mextram are evaluated, with an emphasis on high-power biases and ambient temperature scalability. The Mextram nonlinear SH model is shown to have limitations in fitting high-power regions at all temperatures. An investigation of the dynamic thermal resistance rTH reveals that it is only a function of Tjunc, which limits the fitting capability of the current nonlinear SH model. A new nonlinear SH model is proposed based on analysis of the rTH characteristics to improve high-power region fitting at multiple ambient temperatures. The model is demonstrated on a SiGe HBT from −25◦C to 125◦C.
Selective Epitaxy of Tensile, Highly Doped SiP for Planar NMOS FD-SOI Devices
Authors: Kanyandekwe Joel , Hartmann Jean-Michel , Lespiaux Justine , Marion Tanguy , Saidi Lazhar , Lapras Valérie , Bond Alice , Bringuier Fabien , Richy Jérôme , Gauthier Nicolas , Thouvard Alan , Biet Tim , Couture Ludovic , Blot-Saby Adrien , Andre Agathe , Marchand Jérémy , Licitra Christophe , Coquand Remi , Royer Alexis , Dewolf Tristan , Al Dujaili Haidar , Lassenberger Andrea , Glorieux Olivier
Published: September 2024

The epitaxy of sources and drains is a critical enabler for enhanced transistor performances. In N-type MOS devices, selective SiP epitaxy can simultaneously yield (i) very high levels of electrically active dopants which is crucial for contact resistance minimization and (ii), tensile strain in Raised Sources and Drains (RSD) on each side of Si FD-SOI channels. This study present process solutions in order to benefit from large amounts of phosphorus in a silicon lattice and have thereby tensile strain, while maintaining excellent crystal quality, good surface morphology and a low electrical resistivity. We use here industrial precursors widely used in manufacturing, e.g. a [SiH2Cl2 + PH3 + HCl + H2] chemistry, for the selective deposition, in the 600°C-700°C range, of SiP in conventional epitaxy reactors. We achieved phosphorous concentrations as high as 4.6×10²¹ cm-3 (9.3%) in blanket SiP layers while preserving good crystal quality. In FD-SOI devices, we succeeded in having a selective process yielding rather smooth and free of defects Si:P films with 1.6×10²¹ cm-3(3.2%) of P.
Reaxff MD Analysis of Substrate Material Properties into Oxide Films during Thermal Oxidation Process of Group IV Semiconductor Materials
Authors: Sekiguchi Kenta , Uene Naoya , Ohori Daisuke , Endo Kazuhiko , Tokumasu Takashi
Published: September 2024

Oxide films used in semiconductor devices have attracted much attention because they can protect substrate surfaces from impurities and suppress current loss. In recent years, there have been growing expectations for oxide film formation on Ge substrate materials, which have a uniquely high hole mobility among group IV semiconductor materials. We have investigated an efficient oxide film formation method using reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) simulation. We focused on dissociation, the initial step of oxidation, and confirmed how easily dissociation occurs. To search for conditions that promote dissociation, we checked the dangling bound density and adsorption angle on the substrate surface. The wider space between dimers on the Ge substrate may result in a shallower O2 adsorption angle. This increases the dissociation rate because each of the two O2 atoms is more likely to bond to the substrate.
Non-Traditional Response to Intensive NBS and NBIS Treatments on IGZO TFTs
Authors: Powell Eli , Zhu Bin , Manley Robert G. , Hirschman Karl D.
Published: September 2024

This work provides an interpretation of defect and trap state behavior following the application of intensive negative-bias stress (NBS) and negative-bias illumination stress (NBIS) on IGZO TFTs. Staggered bottom-gate TFTs were fabricated with a 50 nm IGZO film sandwiched between a 50 nm gate oxide and a 50 nm passivation oxide layer. The working metal was molybdenum for the gate electrode and source/drain contacts. A passivation anneal was done and an alumina capping layer was deposited via ALD to promote electrical stability; full process details are provided in a previous report. Devices were tested with a Keysight B1500 parameter analyzer to establish initial device characteristics, with +20 V PBS and -10 V NBS stress applications for 20 ks having a negligible response. Intensive stress testing was then done for 10 ks at either high bias (-20 V NBS) or with the addition of illumination (-10 V NBIS at 410 nm). The responses to intensive NBS and NBIS applications were both non-traditional and distinctive.
Pt Ternary Alloy with Rare Earth Metal - Pt5Ce-Co Intermetallic Nanoparticles as Highly Active Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEMFCs
Authors: Zhang Qi , Jeon Sungho , Vander Pas Brooke E. , Bai Jianming , Zhang Hong , Zhu Guangqi , Behzadnia Mohammad , Filippelli Gabriel M. , WANG Feng , Liu Ping , Stach Eric A. , Xie Jian
Published: September 2024

Alloying with rare earth elements is an important direction of exploring in Pt-based alloy design in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), due to its special electronic configurations. Here we reported a ternary intermetallic alloy Pt5Ce-Co/C. The electronic valence state of Pt alloys was modified by the unique 4f orbital and the contraction effect of Ce, plus the additional active sites provided by the Co incorporation, optimizing the adsorption energy of the reaction intermediates, and effectively improving the electrocatalytic performance. The Pt5Ce-Co/C achieved 2.8 A∙mgPt
-1 of mass activity in ORR catalysis, which can maintain 1.4 A∙mgPt
-1 after 30k of accelerated stress test (AST). For membrane electrode assembly test, Pt5Ce-Co/C shows an initial mass activity of 724 mA∙mgPt
-1, and a current density of 1876 mA∙cm-2 at 0.7 V under heavy-duty vehicle testing. This work provides an avenue to design advanced PGM ternary alloys by incorporating rare-earth metals to promote the catalyst performance.
Analysis of Transport Characteristics of Protons in Polymer Electrolyte Membranes in PEFC below Freezing Temperatures
Authors: Nishizawa Hiroki , Tokumasu Takashi
Published: September 2024

The PEFC has been developed to achieve carbon neutralization and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) worldwide. One of the biggest problems in PEFC is the decrease in proton diffusivity in polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) below freezing temperatures. In this study, ReaxFF simulations are used to reveal the transport characteristics of proton diffusion at various water content in such environment. The proton diffusion coefficient was calculated to evaluate the dependence of proton diffusion on water content in such environments. The number of proton hopping events and the number of rattling was analyzed to evaluate proton diffusion caused by Grotthuss mechanism. The radial distribution function (RDF) was also calculated to investigate structural differences at various water contents.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Gas Crossover in an Alkaline Electrolyzer Using a Multifluid Model
Authors: Martinho Diogo Loureiro , Abdollahzadehsangroudi Mohammadmahdi , Berning Torsten
Published: September 2024

A comprehensive three-dimensional, two-phase isothermal model is developed for an alkaline water electrolyzer, aimed to accurately simulate complex interactions at gas-liquid interfaces, ion transport mechanisms, and electrochemical reactions. The present model accounts for the local volume fraction of gas, the species spatial distributions and both electrical and electrolyte potentials. The crossover of the product gases is a result of diffusion of the dissolved species in the liquid phase. This work explores the role of parameters such as mass transfer coefficients and supersaturation within the cell. Despite the model demonstrating trends that are consistent with anticipated physical behaviors, it currently tends to underestimate the crossover effect.
Al Electroplating on Etched CFRP Surfaces in AlCl3-EmImCl Ionic Liquids
Authors: Kishi Naoki , Matsushima Hisayoshi , Ueda Mikito
Published: September 2024

To improve the wear resistance of CFRP, Al electroplating on the surface was proposed. Etching of the resin on the CFRP surface in sulfuric acid solution was investigated to improve the adhesion of the Al plating film on CFRP. As a result of the etching treatment, more carbon fibers were found on the CFRP surface. Al film was electroplated to the etched CFRP in AlCl3-EmImCl ionic liquid; the adhesion strength of the Al plated film to the CFRP surface increased with etching time.
Physicochemical and Thermal Behaviors of Room-Temperature Phosphonium Ionic Liquids Based on Fluorosulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)Amide Anion As Potential Electrolytes
Authors: Kikuchi Seiya , Nishikawa Kosuke , Kawaji Takatoshi , Tsunashima Katsuhiko , Hotta Hidekatsu , Yokobiki Akina , Tsuchida Yusuke , Funasako Yusuke , Yamada Hirohisa
Published: September 2024

The physicochemical properties of novel room-temperature ionic liquids based on quaternary phosphonium cations in combination with asymmetric fluorosulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide anion were reported. It was found that such phosphonium ionic liquids showed lower melting points than those of the conventional amide anion-based ionic liquids. Typical density and transport property behaviors for ionic liquids were observed. Several phosphonium ionic liquids based on fluorosulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide anion exhibited low viscosities. The phosphonium ionic liquids based on fluorosulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide anion exhibited relatively low thermal stability when compared to the corresponding conventional amide anion-based ionic liquids.
Dependence of Carboxylate Anions on Physicochemical Properties of Tributyloctylphosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Akamatsu Hyoma , Kubo Sakika , Kikuchi Seiya , Tsuchida Yusuke , Tsunashima Katsuhiko , Hotta Hidekatsu , Yokobiki Akina , Funasako Yusuke , Okuno Yoshiharu , Hamada Atsuyo , Yamada Hirohisa , Tani Atsushi
Published: September 2024

A new group of tributyloctylphosphonium-based ionic liquids containing several carboxylate anions was designed, prepared and physicochemically characterized. All phosphonium carboxylates obtained in this study became viscous liquids at room temperature. The formate-based ionic liquid exhibited the highest density and number density due to the smallest anion size. All ionic liquids exhibited typical ionic conduction behavior, since the viscosity decreased and the conductivity increased with increasing temperature. It was also found that the viscosity tended to decrease with increasing the carbon numbers of the alkyl chains of lower carboxylate anions. Compared to the propionate-based ionic liquids, lactate-based ionic liquids exhibited higher viscosity. The phosphonium ionic liquids based on carboxylate anions showed higher thermal stability than nitrogen-based counterpart ionic liquids.
Use of Pulsed Potentials for Electropolishing TA6V Parts Elaborated By Additive Manufacturing in Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Roy Florian , Doche Marie-Laure , Orecchioni Quentin , Hihn Jean-Yves , Tardelli Joffrey
Published: September 2024

The Ti-6Al-4V alloy's high mechanical properties, low density, excellent biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance make it an ideal material for sectors such as aeronautics, astronautics and medical technology. The demand for increasingly complex part designs is speeding up the development of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, enabling the creation of shapes unachievable with traditional machining. However, the parts manufactured present significant surface roughness, thus reducing resistance to corrosion and mechanical stress. To mitigate these risks, homogeneous polishing of the entire shape is required. Electrochemical polishing is an all-round part treatment technique ideal for addressing AM challenges. Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) electrolytes are well-suited for this application. The aim of this study is to develop electropolishing of Ti-6Al-4V parts in a DES solvent of ethylene glycol and choline chloride. The challenges posed by viscous layer thickness problems, as well as two methods to overcome them, are described, including agitation control and pulsed potentials.
Gold and Gold Alloys Electropolishing in Choline Chloride-Glycerol Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Rodriguez Julymar , Ziza Ahamadi Nesly , Doche Marie-Laure , Hihn Jean-Yves
Published: September 2024

Electropolishing (EP) is a finishing technique used to reduce the roughness of metallic surfaces while enhancing their brightness. This process enables the treatment of complex shaped parts and reduces processing time compared to conventional mechanical polishing methods. Electropolishing of precious metals typically requires the use of electrolytes containing cyanides and other toxic compounds, which reduces its attractiveness from an industrial perspective. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) are emerging as a good alternative for the chemical and electrochemical dissolution of valuable metals, like gold, silver and copper. However, their use in the specific context of electrochemical polishing of precious alloys has not been considered so far. This work aims to evaluate the effectiveness of choline chloride-based DES in electropolishing 18K gold alloys. Their performance will be assessed in terms of roughness reduction, brightness enhancement and color preservation, all characteristics associated with the presence of a uniform dissolution.
Diode-Type Hydrogen Sensor Employing Pd-coated Pt Electrodes and Anodized Titania under Gaseous Atmosphere and Its Application to Oil-Deterioration Monitoring
Authors: Hyodo Takeo , Yamanaka Shumon , Yamaguchi Kano , Kawashima Kentaro , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Ueda Taro
Published: September 2024

The H2-sensing properties of the diode-type sensor using Pd-coated Pt electrodes and an anodized titania film (Pd/Pt/TiO2 sensor) were investigated in air and N2 at 250°C. The current (I)–voltage (V) characteristics of the Pd/Pt/TiO2 sensor were largely dependent on the composition of the gaseous atmospheres, and the sensor showed a large H2 response in wet air, which was comparable to that in wet N2. This indicates that the H2 response are hardly dependent on the oxygen concentration under a wet gaseous atmosphere. In addition, the oil-deterioration monitoring properties of the Pd/Pt/TiO2 sensor were also examined at 30°C. The sensor also exhibited nonlinear I–V characteristics in fresh and deteriorated oils, and the magnitudes of the current and resistance responses were largely dependent on the deterioration of the oils. These results clearly indicate that the Pd/Pt/TiO2 sensor can monitor the deterioration of oils.
Effect of Conductive Carbon Morphology on the Cycling Performance of Dry-Processed Cathode with High Mass Loading for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Hyo-Jin , Sim Hui-Tae , Oh Myung-Keun , Park Ye-Eun , Kim Dong-Won
Published: September 2024

The solvent-free dry processing of electrodes is highly desirable to reduce the manufacturing cost of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and increase the active mass loading in the electrode. The drying process is based on the fibrillation of the polytetrafluoroethylene binder induced by shear force. This technique offers the advantage of uniformly dispersing the active material and conductive carbon without binder migration, thereby facilitating the fabrication of thick electrode with high mass loading. In this study, we explored the influence of conductive carbon morphology on the cycling performance of dry-processed LiNi0.82Co0.10Mn0.08O2 (NCM) cathodes. In contrast to Super P, which provided electronic pathways through point-contact, the fibrous structure of the vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCFs) promoted line-contact, ensuring long and less-torturous electronic pathways and enhanced utilization of active materials. Consequently, the cathode employing fibrous VGCFs achieved higher electrical conductivity, resulting in enhanced electrochemical performance. The dry-processed NCM cathode employing VGCF with an areal capacity of 8.5 mAh cm−2 delivered a high discharge capacity of 212 mAh g−1 with good capacity retention. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were conducted to investigate the degradation behavior of the high-mass-loaded cathodes with two different conductive carbons.
Case Report: An Extremely Rare Case of Epitheloid Type Leiomyoma
Authors: Zhaffal Mokhamad , Tariq Shazia , Salame Anastasia
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Uterine leiomyomas are a frequent finding in women of reproductive age. However, rare, unusual growth patterns exist, such as atypical, cellular, mitotically active, myxoid, and epithelioid leiomyomas, and present a major concern as they mimic highly malignant uterine tumors such as uterine leiomyosarcomas. An example of such cases is the epithelial type leiomyoma which is the subject of our report in a 35‐year‐old female.

Case: A 35‐year‐old, nulliparous lady presented with abnormal uterine bleeding to the emergency department. Workup revealed a suspicious uterine mass that was extending from the intramural part of the fundus down the cervical os. The patient was managed by open myomectomy without complications. The final pathology report revealed an extremely rare benign epithelial type leiomyoma, no malignancy, areas with minimal atypia and low mitotic activity (< 5/10 high power fields), and areas of focal necroses (possibly ischemic type) were seen. No coagulative tumor necrosis was noted.

Conclusion: Uterine leiomyomas are a common pathology of the uterus that can be confused with malignant tumors, especially in the setting of unusual growth patterns such as the epitheloid leiomyomas. Definitive management involves myomectomies with regular follow‐up with favourable prognosis. It is important to properly manage these cases to avoid the overdiagnosis and mistreatment not to mention the repercussion of false diagnoses on the patient’s mental health and well‐being.
Development of the Pipette‐Tip Micro‐Solid‐Phase Extraction for Extraction of Rutin From Moringa oleifera Lam. Using Activated Hollow Carbon Nanospheres as Sorbents
Authors: Ndou Dakalo Lorraine , Mtolo Bonakele Patricia , Khwathisi Adivhaho , Ndhlala Ashwell Rungano , Tavengwa Nikita Tawanda , Madala Ntakadzeni Edwin
Published: September 2024

Herein, a micro‐solid‐phase extraction (μSPE) method was developed using a pipette tip for rutin extraction, employing activated hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNSs) as the sorbent. Characterization of the activated carbon nanospheres through TGA, FTIR, and SEM analysis confirmed the success of the activation process. The study demonstrated the efficacy of PT‐μSPE in rutin extraction under pH 2 conditions with a standard concentration of 2 mg·L−1. The optimal mass of HCNSs was found to be 2 mg, and a loading volume of 500 μL resulted in the maximum recovery of rutin. Propan‐2‐ol was the best elution solvent with 15 aspirating/dispensing cycles. The correlation of determination (R2) for the calibration curve was found to be 0.9991, and the LOD and LOQ values were 0.604 and 1.830 mg·L−1, respectively. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by extracting rutin from a complex Moringa oleifera leaf extract with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.26%, thereby validating this method as feasible for the extraction of useful bioactive compounds from complex plant samples.
Semantic Analysis of Vaccine and Online Shopping‐Related Stock Forums During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Chang Tsung-Sheng , Wang Shih-Chieh
Published: September 2024

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the stay‐at‐home and biotechnology economies played a big part in economic development. The major internet forums have received more attention and discussions concerning stocks related to biotechnology and the stay‐at‐home economy. When the number of confirmed COVID‐19 cases in a country rises, so does the positive or negative sentiment in stock commentaries. Whether stock forums can be a valuable source of information for investors has become a subject of academic research. This study used text mining and sentiment analysis to analyze stock forum articles, classify daily reports into emotion and investment orientation indicators, and correlate these indicators with the next‐day 2019’s stock prices. The findings indicate a positive correlation between stock forum articles and stock prices. Additionally, this research enriched the case of sentiment analysis in the context of Chinese sentiment. This study contributes not only to academic reference and refinement but also to market investors’ judgment.
Salvianolic Acid B Inhibits Myocardial Fibrosis during Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Suppressing TRPC6 and TGF‐β/Smad3 Pathway
Authors: Lu Pengyu , Zhang Meng , Chen Zhaoyang , Xu QiYao , Liu Min , Zhao Fusen , Liu Xuan , Wang Xindong
Published: September 2024

Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), the main water‐soluble polyphenolic constituent of Danshen, is noted for its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties, particularly in cardiovascular protection. However, the mechanisms by which Sal B affects myocardial fibrosis require further investigation. In vivo, we established a diabetic mouse model using a high‐fat diet and intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Mice were then treated with Sal B, the transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) inducers, or their combination. Upregulation of TRPC6 worsened myocardial pathology, leading to cardiac hypertrophy and collagen fiber deposition. In vitro, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 induced transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, creating a myofibroblast cell model. Sal B, TRPC6 inducers, or their combination were administered. TRPC6 upregulation increased procollagen type I C‐terminal propeptide (PICP) and procollagen type III N‐terminal propeptide (PIIINP) secretion, promoting myofibroblast proliferation and migration. Our study indicates that TRPC6 expression is upregulated in myocardial fibrosis, enhancing TGF‐β/Smad3 signaling and promoting collagen I (COL‐1) synthesis. Sal B inhibited abnormal TRPC6 expression and TGF‐β/Smad3 activation, mitigating these effects. Thus, Sal B alleviates myocardial fibrosis in diabetes by modulating TRPC6 expression and TGF‐β/Smad3 signaling pathway.
Depressive Symptoms and Metabolic Dysregulation Control: A Closer Look at Control Challenges in T2DM Patients
Authors: Yang Yang , Xing Zhenhua
Published: September 2024

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) face an increased risk of developing depression and metabolic dysregulation, which can lead to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the relationship between the severity of depression and metabolic dysregulation in patients with T2DM remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate this association using data from the ACCORD‐health‐related quality of life study.

Methods and Results: Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) scores and medication regimens were assessed at baseline, 1, 3, and 4 years, and HbA1c, blood pressure, and lipid levels were monitored every 4 months over a 4‐year period. The severity of depressive symptoms was categorized as none (0–4 points), mild (5–9 points), or moderate–severe (10–24 points) based on PHQ‐9 scores. Among the participants, 62% developed depressive symptoms at some point during the 4‐year follow‐up period, with 21% experiencing persistent depressive symptoms. Participants with moderate‐to‐severe depression exhibited 0.18% (0.12, 0.24) higher levels of HbA1c, 1.11 mmHg (95% CI, 0.04, 2.15) of SBP, 0.90 mmHg (95% CI, 0.22,1.58) of DBP, and 2.12(95% CI, −0.03, 4.27) mg/dL of LDL, and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.38, 1.56) mg/dL lower levels of HDL compared to their counterparts without depressive symptoms. Moreover, as the severity of depressive symptoms increased, variability in HbA1c and blood pressure levels also increased. Furthermore, patients with more severe depressive symptoms demonstrated suboptimal adherence to medication regimens.

Conclusion: Our study found a significant association between depressive symptoms severity and metabolic control in T2DM patients. Greater depressive severity correlated with poorer glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control, alongside increased variability in these parameters. Additionally, patients with severe depressive symptoms showed suboptimal medication adherence. Addressing mental health in T2DM management is crucial to improve metabolic control and reduce CVD risks.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00000620
Blockade of Piezo2 Pathway Attenuates Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain in the Orofacial Area
Authors: Jo Min-Jeong , Son Jo-Young , Kim Yu-Mi , Ju Jin-Sook , Park Min-Kyoung , Lee Min-Kyung , Ahn Dong-Kuk
Published: September 2024

Although previous studies suggest that Piezo2 regulates chronic pain in the orofacial area, few studies have reported the direct evidence of Piezo2’s involvement in inflammatory and neuropathic pain in the orofacial region. In this study, we used male Sprague Dawley rats to investigate the role of the Piezo2 pathway in the development of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The present study used interleukin (IL)‐1β–induced pronociception as an inflammatory pain model. Subcutaneous injection of IL‐1β produced significant mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Subcutaneous injection of a Piezo2 inhibitor significantly blocked mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by subcutaneously injected IL‐1β. Furthermore, the present study also used a neuropathic pain model caused by the misplacement of a dental implant, leading to notable mechanical allodynia as a consequence of inferior alveolar nerve injury. Western blot analysis revealed increased levels of Piezo2 in the trigeminal ganglion and the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis after inferior alveolar nerve injury. Furthermore, subcutaneous and intracisternal injections of a Piezo2 inhibitor blocked neuropathic mechanical allodynia. These results suggest that the Piezo2 pathway plays a critical role in the development of inflammatory and neuropathic pain in the orofacial area. Therefore, blocking the Piezo2 pathway could be the foundation for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat orofacial pain conditions.
Supplementary Movie 2 from Integration of Clinical Trial Spatial Multiomics Analysis and Virtual Clinical Trials Enables Immunotherapy Response Prediction and Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Zhang Shuming , Deshpande Atul , Verma Babita K. , Wang Hanwen , Mi Haoyang , Yuan Long , Ho Won Jin , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Zhu Qingfeng , Anders Robert A. , Yarchoan Mark , Kagohara Luciane T. , Fertig Elana J. , Popel Aleksander S.
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Movie 2