bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelle dienen einem Zweck: Anmerkungen zu standardisierten Formaten für digitale Bauwerksmodelle/Models serve a Purpose: Remarks on Standardized Formats for Digital Building Models
Authors: Huhnt W.
Published: March 2021

Die Nutzung digitaler Modelle in Projekten des Bauwesens ist mit dem Begriff Building Information Modeling (BIM) eng verbunden. Im selben Zusammenhang werden häufig die Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) genannt. Softwarehäuser implementieren gegen diesen Standard und erlauben die Nutzung von Daten über die Grenze eines Softwareproduktes hinaus. In diesem Beitrag wird das den IFC zu Grunde liegende Konzept kritisch hinterfragt. buildingSMART International, die Organisation, die IFC entwickelt, bietet nicht nur IFC. Ein weiteres Angebot ist das buildingSMART Data Dictionary (bSDD). Die Fragestellung dieses Beitrags ist, ob der Zweck des Datentransfers präzisiert werden sollte. Ziel ist ein verlustfreier Datentransfer. Die Vielfalt im Bauwesen muss hierbei ebenso wie die sich ständig ändernden Anforderungen der Anwender unterstützt und berücksichtigt werden. Der Standard selbst sollte keinen Änderungen unterliegen. Hierzu sollte das dem bSDD zu Grunde liegende Konzept ebenso wie sein Datenmodell integraler Bestandteil der Modellierung semantischer Daten werden. Die Trennung von semantischen und geometrischen Daten sollte noch konsequenter erfolgen. Die heute verfügbaren geometrischen Modelle sollten erweitert werden. Die Thesen, die in diesem Beitrag vertreten werden, werden durch prototypische Implementierungen untermauert. Gegenstand der Betrachtungen sind standardisierte digitale Modelle zur Beschreibung von Bauwerken und ihrer Teile.
Schadensbewertungskonzepte für innerstädtische Bauwerke bei maschinellen Tunnelvortrieben/Damage assessment concepts for urban structures during mechanized tunneling
Authors: Obel M. , Marwan A. , Alsahly A. , Freitag S. , Mark P. , Meschke G.
Published: March 2021

Der Schutz bestehender Gebäude spielt eine zentrale Rolle bei innerstädtischen Tunnelbaumaßnahmen. Durch den Vortrieb entstehen unvermeidlich Bodenbewegungen, deren Einfluss auf die Gebäude zu bewerten ist. Je nachdem, ob geringe oder ausgeprägte Setzungen zu erwarten sind und setzungsunempfindliche oder –empfindliche Gebäude vorliegen, bieten sich dazu verschieden genaue und ebenso verschieden aufwendige Methoden an. Der Beitrag stellt das Konzept der Schädigungsbewertung aus drei Teilschritten vor, nämlich der Prognose der Bodenbewegung über analytische sowie einfache oder komplexe numerische Ansätze, der Idealisierung von Bauwerken zu Ersatzmodellen wie Balken-, Scheiben- oder 3D-Modelle und der Schädigungsbewertung anhand von rechnerischen Neigungen oder Dehnungskennwerten. Für alle drei Teilschritte werden Methoden verschiedener Genauigkeit vorgestellt. Es liegt auf der Hand, diese zur Bewertung von innerstädtischen Trassen, also einer Vielzahl von Gebäuden, konsekutiv zu verwenden. Dementsprechend reichen einfache aber ungenaue Ansätze bei unkritischen Lagen aus, während aufwendigere und genauere Methoden für setzungsempfindliche Mauerwerksbauten oder oberflächennahe Unterfahrungen erforderlich werden. Ziel ist ein Ausgleich zwischen Schnelligkeit und Genauigkeit, also möglichst wirtschaftlich Schadensbewertungen an Bauwerken vorzunehmen und gleichzeitig kostenintensive Kompensationsmaßnahmen auf tatsächlich nötige Einsätze zu beschränken. Die Forschungsarbeiten sind im Rahmen des Sonderforschungsbereichs 837 „Interaktionsmodelle für den maschinellen Tunnelbau“ an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum entstanden.
Cascade Intramolecular Prins/Friedel–Crafts Cyclization for the Synthesis of 4-Aryl-tetralin-2-ols and 5-Aryl-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-7-ols
Authors: Zheng Jie , Meng Shuyu , Wang Quan Rui
Published: March 2021

Treatment of 2-(2-vinylphenyl)acetaldehydes or 3-(2-vinylphenyl)propanals with BF3×Et2O results in intramolecular Prins reaction affording intermediary benzyl carbenium ions, which are then trapped by a variety of electron-rich aromatics via Friedel–Crafts alkylation. This cascade Prins/Friedel–Crafts cyclization protocol paves an expedient path to medicinally useful 4-aryl-tetralin-2-ol and 5-aryl-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-7-ol derivatives.
Problems of functioning of the insurance services market in the conditions of COVID-19 distribution
Authors: KLAPKIV Yurii , SVIRSKYI Volodymyr
Published: March 2021

In the center of contradictions and risks, as well as structural changes in the socio-economic system of the country due to the spread of COVID-19, the development of the insurance market will depend on its adaptation to environmental variability, ability to carry out permanent institutional and organizational transformation, optimization of business processes and introduction of innovative insurance products and services.
The purpose of the paper is to develop new approaches to substantiate the dominance of the insurance market in a pandemic conditions and to outline prospects for its progress.
The problems of functioning of the insurance services market in the conditions of realization of risks as a result of coronary crisis are considered, which is confirmed by the data on the dynamics of unprofitability of insurance products and refusals to pay insurance indemnity. The parameters of uncertainty of the quality of insurance services are identified, the trends of functioning are tracked, the threats for the parties during the performance of the insurance service are determined. This has greatly simplified the methodology for assessing quality in “regression selection”. Losses from business interruptions caused by the spread of COVID-19 are not covered by standard insurance contracts. In addition, pandemics are an extreme type of risk. Insurers generally clearly prescribe a pandemic as an exception, therefore do not intend to cover them with insurance policies, which provides protection against business interruption and do not include a premium for them in the policy value, without forming reserves for their coverage. It is substantiated that one of the ways to minimize moral risk and regressive selection of both insurers and policyholders in the context of the spread of COVID-19 is the widespread use of insurance protection and decency, which is inherent in highly developed business. This is especially true for insurance services and financial products, which are difficult to assess directly at the time of purchase.
Penerapan Metode Tutor Sebaya Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Passing Atas Pada Permainan Bola Voli Mini
Authors: Patamani Helmi
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar passing atas bola voli mini melalui tutor sebaya siswa kelas V SDN 07 Marisa Kabupaten Pohuwato. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas V SDN 07 Marisa tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016 yang berjumlah 30 siswa. Data penelitian ini adalah data primer meliputi data hasil belajar siswa, keaktifan siswa dan guru selama pembelajaran, dan data penggunaan bantuan tutor sebaya selama pembelajaran. Data sekunder meliputi data hasil belajar passing atas siswa, pratindakan, rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran, silabus, dan kurikulum yang diperoleh dari dokumen yang dimiliki guru dan sekolah. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes praktik, dan pengamatan. Dari hasil analisa data diketahui bahwa, hasil belajar siswa sebelum diadakan tindakan adalah 12 siswa (40%) tuntas belajar dan 18 siswa (60%) belum tuntas belajar. Pada siklus I ketuntasan belajar mencapai 72,22% yaitu 22 siswa telah tuntas belajar dan 8 siswa (27,78%) belum tuntas belajar. Pada siklus II ketuntasan belajar mencapai 90% yaitu 27 siswa telah tuntas belajar dan 3 siswa (10%) belum tuntas belajar. Hal ini berarti hasil belajar siswa kelas V SDN 07 Marisa pada pembelajaran passing atas dapat meningkat melalui metode tutor sebaya.
Sistem Pengelolaan Lena Oleh Laundry Section Di Hotel Copthorne Orchid Penang Malaysia
Authors: Kadir Poppy Arnold , Anugrah Krishna , Sari Rita Andrayana
Published: March 2021

This study aimed at revitalizing the management system of lena by laundry section in hotel Copthorne Orchid Penang to fulfill the Operational Standard Procedure. This research applied qualitative method which provided data description of written and spoken from the respondent by using observation, interview, and documentation.
The research result showed that lena management system by laundry section in hotel of Copthorne Orchid Penang did not fulfill the operational standard procedure because the officers did not follow the procedure and there was no facility of laundry in the hotel which was caused the outside laundry played the role of lena management, in consequence it distrubed the operational of the hotel. As a result, it is a major concern to the hotel to provide the laundry facility and gain the employee to maximize the lena management system by laundry section in Hotel Copthorne Orchid Penang.
Meningkatkan Pemahaman Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Media Video Animasi 2D
Authors: Walangadi Hakop , Pratama Wahyu Putra
Published: March 2021

Rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini adalah apakah dengan menggunakan media video animasi 2D pada pembelajaran IPS di kelas V SDN 2 Kabila Kec.Kabila Kab. Bone Bolango Pemahaman belajar siswa akan Meningkat”?. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian yaitu untuk meningkatkan Pemahaman belajar siswa Pada pembelelajaran IPS di kelas V SDN 2 Kabila Kec.Kabila Kab. Bone Bolango menggunakan media video animasi 2D. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan subjek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas V yang berjumlah 21 orang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan secara bersiklus dan masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pemantauan evaluasi, refleksi dan analisis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada siklus I menunjukan bahwa siswa yang memperoleh nilai di atas KKM berjumlah 10 orang dengan persentase 48%. Hal tersebut belum mencapai indikator kinerja yang diharapkan, sehingga dilakukan tindakan lanjutan ke siklus II. Pada siklus II menunjukkan adanya peningkatan, siswa yang memperoleh nilai di atas KKM berjumlah 17 orang dengan presentase 81%. Hasil pada siklus II ini sudah mencapai indikator kinerja yang ditetapkan, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan media video animasi 2D dapat meningkatkan pemahaman belajar siswa pada pembelajaran IPS di kelas V SDN 2 Kabila Kec.Kabila Kab.Bone Bolango
Lukisan Pemandangan: Teknik Spon Dalam Karya Seni Lukis Jelekong
Authors: Alya Shopia Himatul
Published: March 2021

Nature is a theme that is always present in the development of art in the world, both Western and Asian arts, such as China and Indonesia. The visualization can be a literal or abstract representation. Nature can be an additional element to a painting to convey depth, or perspective. However, the depiction of nature in a painting can also be the main focus of a work of art. In Indonesia itself, there is an Art Village, precisely Jelekong Art Village, where hundreds of people work as painters and some have made nature the main focus of their work. The uniqueness of the Jelekong painter's work lies in the method used and the materials used. So that the authors are interested in further researching the uniqueness of this Jelekong technique. The purpose of this research is to examine the comparison of natural visualization techniques and aspects of Jelekong painting which represent nature in terms of methods and materials. The samples in this study were paintings by Jelekong artists and Western artists. The qualitative descriptive method is considered the most appropriate for analyzing Jelekong painting. The result of this research is that the superiority of the art technique of Ugong painting is the sponge technique created by one of its residents. This technique can create shadow, middle tone, and highlight in a painting. Jelekong's paintings can become the identity of the community in cultivating the local potential of the region
Pematangan Demokrasi Melalui Transformasi Demokrasi
Authors: Suryawati Nany , Widiastuti Ika
Published: March 2021

Kosakata ‘demokrasi’ menjadi bagian dari banyak bahasa besar didunia, padahal kata ‘demokrasi’ berasal dari bahasa Yunani: ‘ demokratia’; akar maknanya ‘demos’ yang berarti rakyat; dan ‘kratos’ yang berarti memerintah. Pada awalnya demokrasi dimaknai sebagai bentuk pemerintahan yang merupakan kebalikan dari bentuk monarkhi dan aristokrasi. Pada susunan masyarakat Yunani, Athena-lah yang memulai dan mngembangkan benih demokrasi modern dengan susunan polis-nya. Polis ini menjadi dasar tumbuhnya demokrasi modern, dan juga masyarakat negara. Para pendukung demokrasi memandang bahwa apa yang baik untuk individu, adalah juga yang baik untuk warga negara. Kedaulatan Rakyat sebagai sumber tertinggi dalam sistem pemerintahan negara, dan pelaksanaan kedaulatan rakyat ini dilakukan secara demokratis, dengan memperhatikan keseimbangan antara perlindungan hukum dan law enforcement (pemaksaan hukum) menjadi hak yang penting, terutama pada saat warga masyarakat berhadapan dengan institusi negara. Constitutional Reform ini mengandung legislation reform dan judicial reform. Legislation reform tidak hanya untuk pengaturan hal-hal baru, tetapi juga penyesuaian dari aturan-aturan yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Hukum yang di reformasi harus dibuat dengan cara aspiratif, lebih menjamin hak-hak rakyat, transparan, sehingga dapat mewujudkan keadilan. Adanya Constitutional Reform ini untuk mematangkan demokrasi yang masih belum menampakkan wujud sebenarnya dalam negara Indonesia yang negara hukum demokratis ini.
The Impact of The Pandemic on The Economy of The Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Tursunbaevich Baykhonov Bahodirjon , Bulturbayevich Mullabayev Baxtiyarjon , Rahmat Abdul
Published: March 2021

In recent years, a number of radical reforms aimed at liberalizing the socioeconomic spheres of the country have been consistently carried out. In particular, a number of reforms aimed at liberalizing the foreign exchange market, tax reform aimed at increasing incomes and stimulating production, the gradual transition to medium term budget planning, reducing the role of inflation targeting in the economy, gradual privatization of state enterprises and the introduction of market mechanisms continue.
Ways Of Development Of Small Business Enterprises In The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Authors: Tursunalievich Abdulxakimov Zuhrali , Jamoliddinovich Ergashev Jamshid , Rahmat Abdul
Published: March 2021

This article examines the activities of small businesses in the Republic of Uzbekistan and the profound structural changes during the pandemic and their impact on the economy.
Pengaruh Fasilitas Belajar dan Lingkungan Pondok Pesantren Al Husna Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mata Pelajaran IPS Siswa Kelas VII C di MTs. Islamiyah Malo Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Sirosa Maisyaroh Ayun , Sarjono Sarjono , Hariyadi Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalahuntuk mengetahui pengaruh fasilitas belajar dan lingkungan pondok pesantren Al Husna terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mata Pelajaran IPS Siswa Kelas VII C Di Mts. Islamiyah Malo.Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah observasi, dan angket/kuesioner.Data dianalisis dengan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, dan uji hipotesis.Selanjutnya dipaparkan dan ditarik kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1.)Fasilitas Belajar (X1) memberikan pengaruh dibuktikan dengan thitung sebesar 2,620 dan ttabel dengan nila isignifikannya0,011<0,05. (2.) Lingkungan Pondok Pesantren Al Husna (X2) memberikan pengaruh hal ini dibuktikan dengan thitung=0,742dant tabel signifikannya0,462<0.05.(3.) secara simultan Fasilitas Belajar (X1) Lingkungan Pondok Pesantren Al Husna (X2 )berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mata Pelajaran IPS SiswaKelas VII C Di Mts. Islamiyah Malo, hal ini diketahui dari hasil pengujian yang menunjukkan thitung sebesar Fhitung= 8,477sama ttabel 0,001, karenasignifikasi lebih kecil dari alpha (0,001<0,05) maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima.
No Mobile Phobia Phenomenon _ A Review
Authors: Behadili Suhad , Jabar Hadeel , Tahlok Walaa , Abdulsahib Safa
Published: March 2021

The No Mobile Phone Phobia or Nomophobia notion is referred to the psychological condition once humans have a fear of being disconnected from mobile phone connectivity. Hence, it is considered as a recent age phobia that emerged nowadays as a consequence of high engagement between people, mobile data, and communication inventions, especially the smart phones.
This review is based on earlier observations and current debate such as commonly used techniques that modeling and analyzing this phenomenon like statistical studies. All that in order to possess preferable comprehension concerning human reactions to the speedy technological ubiquitous. Accordingly, humans ought to restrict their utilization of mobile phones instead of prohibiting it, due to the fact that they could not evade the power of technological progression. In that matter, future perspectives would be employing data mining techniques to explore deep knowledge, which represents correlated relationship
between the human and the mobile phone.
The study of the phase composition of the products of electrochemical oxidation of sulfide granules of the system Cu1.96S–Ni3S2–Cu–Ni
Authors:   Institute of metallurgy UB RAS, Nechvoglod Olga V. , Upolovnikova Alena G. ,   Institute of Metallurgy UB RAS
Published: March 2021

The crystallization rate of copper and nickel sulfides influences on the phase formation processes. The high crystallization rate (about 103 degrees/s), achieved through granulation of the sulfide copper-nickel melt, leads to the stabilization of non-stoichiometric phases, the formation of ultrafine structures, which are grains and partial dissolution of the metal component in the sulfide. The structure of the granules is formed by nickel sulfide (Cu1.96S) phases in the form of dendritic inclusions of 2-20 µm in size in the nickel sulfide phase (Ni3S2). According to the phase diagram of the state of Cu – Ni – S, a solid solution of Cu – Ni may be present in the composition of eutectic compounds with copper and nickel sulphides. The electrochemical oxidation of copper and nickel sulfides in a solution of sulfuric acid occurs through a series of successive phase transformations described in the work, during which the conversion of sulfides occurs in intermediate oxidation states oxidizing to the elemental state: Cu1.96S → Cu1.8S → Cu1.75S → CuS → S; Ni3S2 → NiS → S. The non-stoichiometric composition of compounds suggests the presence of excessive or deficient sulfur and metal contents in the crystal lattice, which can affect the mechanism and sequence of phase transformations during the electrochemical oxidation of sulfide granules. Dissolution occurs not only on the surface of the granules, but also along the grain boundaries. The leached areas form capillaries inside the granules, through which electrolyte enters the electrochemical reactions. Porous sulfur sulfide sludge forms on the surface of the granules. The phase composition of the sludge was studied. The main phase components of poorly soluble products are nickel granules Ni3+хS2–Cu2-хS.
The program «Moments of inertia» for calculating the moments of inertia of the rotational motion of molecules
Authors:   D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Koverda Mikhail N. , Ofitserov Eugeny N. ,   D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Koverda Anna A. ,   Yaroslavl State Technical University
Published: March 2021

The moment of inertia of the rotational motion I, as a descriptor of the spatial structure of the molecule, which determines the properties of a substance, in accordance with the works of recent years, begins to acquire significance in the study of the «structure – property» dependencies, allowing one to describe the change in the properties of compounds in homologous series and address odd homologues. The problem is that there is no universal and transparent method for calculating the moments of inertia of the rotational motion of molecules. Researchers are trying to solve this problem in various ways: presenting the molecule as its carbon chain and calculating the moments of inertia only for it, neglecting the contribution of other atoms, manually calculating the moments of inertia for small simple molecules, based on their estimated geometry, extracting intermediate results from quantum chemical calculations of the program packages like Gaussian or Gamess. We have developed a program for the exact calculation of the moments of inertia, which uses the specification of the exact geometry of the molecule in three-dimensional space using Cartesian coordinates. The program is written on Perl programming language and is available under the GNU General Public License v3.0 (free software). The program uses XYZ files as input data. The principle of the program is to iteratively calculate the inertia moments for all possible positions in the space of the axis of rotation passing through the center of mass of the calculated molecule. The minimum and maximum values of the moments of inertia obtained during the calculation correspond to two perpendicular axes of rotation of the molecule (x and z). The moment of inertia with respect to the third remaining y axis is calculated after finding the canonical equation of the straight axis perpendicular to the found x and z axes.
The Bayesian reconstruction and the evolutionary history of Salivirus type 1 and type 2: the worldwide spreading
Authors: Angeletti Silvia , Benvenuto Domenico , Fogolari Marta , De Flora Cecilia , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , Maida Ivana , Bazzardi Riccardo , Spoto Silvia , Pascarella Stefano , Mugosa Boban , Ciccozzi Massimo
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Salivirus (SalV) represents an emerging problem in public health especially during the recent years. In this study, the Bayesian evolutionary history and the spread of the virus through the different countries have been reported.

Methodology: a database of 81 sequences of SalV structural VP1 fragment were downloaded from GenBank, aligned and manually edited by Bioedit Software. ModelTest v. 3.7 software was used to estimate the simplest evolutionary model fitting the sequence dataset. A Maximum-Likelihood tree has been generated using MEGA-X to test the “clockliness” signal using TempEst 1.5.1. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree was built by BEAST. Homology modelling was performed by SWISS-Model and protein variability evaluated by ConSurf server.

Results: the phylogenetic tree showed a clade of SalV A2 and three main clades of SalV A1, revealing several infections in humans in South Korea, India, Tunisia, China, Nigeria, Ethiopia and USA. The Bayesian maximum clade credibility tree and the time of the most common recent ancestor dated back the root of the tree to the year 1788 with the probable origin in USA. Selective pressure analysis revealed two positive selection sites, His at 100th and Leu at 116th positions that at the homology modelling resulted important to guarantee protein stability and variability. This could contribute to the development of new mutations modifying the clinical features of this evolving virus.

Conclusions: Bayesian phylogenetic and phylodynamic represented a useful tool to follow the transmission dynamic of SalV and to prevent new epidemics worldwide.
Arrhythmia Risk Profile and Ventricular Repolarization Indices in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tondas Alexander Edo , Mulawarman Rido , Trifitriana Monica , Nurmaini Siti , Irfannuddin Irfannuddin
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Several electrocardiographic markers have been used to predict the risk of arrhythmia in patients with COVID-19. We aim to investigate the electrocardiographic (ECG) ventricular repolarization indices in patients with COVID-19.

Methodology: We performed a comprehensive systematic literature search from PubMed, EuropePMC, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Database, and Google Scholar Preprint Servers. The primary endpoints of this search were: Tp-e (T-peak-to-T-end) interval, QTd (QT dispersion), and Tp-e/QTc ratio in patients with newly diagnosed COVID-19 from inception up until August 2020.

Results: There were a total of 241 patients from 2 studies. Meta-analysis showed that Tp-e/QTc ratio was higher in COVID-19 group (mean difference 0.02 [0.01, 0.02], p < 0.001; I2: 18%,). Tp-e interval was more prolonged in COVID-19 group (mean difference 7.76 [3.11, 12.41], p < 0.001; I2: 80%) compared to control group. QT dispersion (QTd) also was increased in COVID-19 group (mean difference 1.22 [0.61, 1.83], p < 0.001 ; I2:30%).

Conclusions: Several electrocardiographic markers including Tp-e/QTc, Tp-e interval, and QTd are significantly increased in patients with COVID-19.
Experience of physicians during COVID-19 in a developing country: a qualitative study of Pakistan
Authors: Haq Wajiha , Said Fareyha , Batool Sidrah , Awais Hafiz Muhammad
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 spread rapidly and jeopardised the physicians with not only treatment but also with limited resources and new working style. This study aimed to investigate the experience of physicians in Pakistan as frontline workers for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The study employed a qualitative design and used Haas's adaptation of Colaizzi method for analysis. The respondents for the interview were selected based on purposive sampling and only those physicians were contacted who were treating COVID-19 patients in Lahore, Pakistan. The results of the study revealed many challenges faced by Pakistani physicians which included physical and psychological stress due to the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, infrastructural flaws have added in the vulnerabilities of the physicians. In developing countries, the fight is much harder for physicians as evidenced by their first-hand experience. The policymakers in developing countries especially in Pakistan can direct policies facilitating physicians to reduce their physical and psychological stress as well as increasing resources for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Workplace safety concerns in medico-legal death investigations related to COVID-19
Authors: Shrestha Rijen , Krishan Kewal , Kanchan Tanuj
Published: March 2021

The personnel involved in the management of COVID-19 affected dead bodies, including law enforcement personnel at the scene of crime, personnel involved in transportation of the dead bodies, forensic practitioners, autopsy pathologists, mortuary personnel, as well as the family members of the dead, etc. are at risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Post-mortem examination is a high-risk procedure, considering that it involves aerosol generating procedures, and exposure to body fluids. The safety of the forensic practitioners and support staff in the management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 deaths hence, is of extreme importance, especially in the absence of pre-autopsy testing for COVID-19 and due to non-availability of adequate first-hand medical history of the deceased. This communication aims to highlight the current practices and advises certain guidelines in ensuring occupational health and safety in view of these risks in medico-legal death investigations.
A reaction-diffusion-advection two-species competition system with a free boundary in heterogeneous environment
Authors: Duan Bo , Zhang Zhengce
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we investigate a reaction-diffusion-advection two-species competition system with a free boundary in heterogeneous environment. The primary aim is to study the impact of small advection terms and heterogeneous environment, which is on two species' dynamics via a free boundary. The function \begin{document}$ m(x) $\end{document} represents heterogeneous environment, and it can satisfy positive everywhere condition or changeable sign condition. Firstly, on one hand, we provide long time behaviors of the solution in vanishing case when \begin{document}$ m(x) $\end{document} satisfies both conditions above; on the other hand, long time behaviors of the solution in spreading case are got when \begin{document}$ m(x) $\end{document} satisfies positive everywhere condition. Secondly, a spreading-vanishing dichotomy and several sufficient conditions through the initial data and the moving parameters are obtained to determine whether spreading or vanishing of two species happens when \begin{document}$ m(x) $\end{document} satisfies both conditions above. Furthermore, we derive estimates of spreading speed of the free boundary when \begin{document}$ m(x) $\end{document} satisfies positive everywhere condition and two species spreading occurs.
The Multifaceted Role of Natural Agents in Colitis-Associated Cancer Prevention and Therapy
Authors: Pandurangan Ashok Kumar Kumar , Anandasadagopan Suresh Kumar , Ahmed Neesar
Published: March 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is comprised of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) that was recognized by the inflammation in the colon. There are no proper medications are available to control the IBD in patients. NASIDs such as Aspirin, diclofenac, and ibuprofen are widely used to control the inflammation. On the other hand, the untreated prolonged inflammation leads to the development of cancer in the colon termed as colitis-associated cancer or inflammation-driven colon cancer. Oxidative stress and inflammation play key roles in the pathogenesis of colitis-associated cancer. Single dose of azozymethane (AOM) and three cycles of 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induces colitis-associated cancer (CAC) in mouse. Hence, many natural products were tested in the preclinical model of colitis-associated cancer. Each of these natural agents modulate important signaling pathway to control the colitis-associated cancer (CAC). In this review, the authors tabulated all the natural agents that culminate the colitis-associated cancer in the preclinical models.
Mindful Social Emotional Academic Development and Emotional Resilience
Authors: Oliver Deborah , Dahl Molly
Published: March 2021

This chapter will provide an overview of the history and the basics of SEL/SEAD, SEAD in current time, mindfulness as the foundation of SEL and SEAD, and emotional resilience as the key to successful SEAD implementation and application in all areas of education, from the legislative offices to the PK learning space. The hope is to increase the understanding that SEAD is not a passing fad, not a trend, not “one more thing” that teachers will feel overwhelmed by, and not something to be feared or dreaded.
Culturally Responsive Social, Emotional, and Academic Development (SEAD)
Authors: Madden-Dent Tara , Jackson Iesha , Cason Jo Ann L.
Published: March 2021

Culturally responsive social-emotional competencies continue being essential skills for college, career, and life success, especially today, as the world seeks global citizens prepared to respectfully navigate relationships and interactions between people from different nations and ethnicities. These skills are more than valuable assets that a modern economy is dependent on, but skills that students, educators, employees, and society need in order for healthy and sustainable co-existence. In academia, educators are increasingly expected to bridge diverse cultural gaps and foster more equitable, respectful, and safe learning environments, but evidence-based implementation methods are limited. To contribute to the body of literature, this chapter presents three case studies and how each of their approaches can increase essential SEL skills at the high school, undergraduate, and graduate levels in addition to the in-service educator level. The chapter concludes with a discussion around themes that emerged from the three case studies, implications for practice, and recommendations.
Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) Assessment in After-School Care
Authors: Minney Dana
Published: March 2021

An abundance of research links children's social-emotional competence with positive school and life outcomes, but many barriers to widespread, high quality social-emotional learning (SEL) exist. Studies also found SEL delivered consistently and in coordination with other programs, both in and out of school, is more effective, but lack of unified standards, a supportive framework, and systematic approach prevent consistency and coordination of delivery. Process monitoring and impact evaluation help overcome barriers and improve implementation. After-school programs provide opportunities for quality SEL delivery and evaluation. This chapter reports results of an evaluation comparing pre- and post-program survey data from elementary school children (n = 98) in an after-school program that has incorporated an SEL curriculum. Results showed significant increases in the SEL competencies of self-management, social awareness, and social skills. The author also explored advantages of providing both SEL instruction and low-cost evaluation in after-school care settings in addition to schools.
Adaptive Performance
Authors: Bednall Timothy C. , Henricks Matthew D.
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 has prompted an urgent need for organisations to adapt to continuously changing circumstances. Given the unpredictable challenges, a traditional, tightly planned approach to managing episodic change is likely to be suboptimal. Based on the need to manage continuous change and ensure workplaces are prepared for further unexpected events, it is argued that developing employees' adaptive performance is a better approach. Drawing on the literature identified in Park and Park's recent review of adaptive performance and its antecedents, the authors conduct a parallel review of the managerial implications of these findings. Findings are organised into sections related to employee selection, training, work design, leader behaviour, and organisational climate. Each practical recommendation is reviewed in terms of its feasibility of implementation and likely effectiveness.
The Effect of Reciprocity on Mobile Wallet Intention
Authors: Amoroso Donald , Lim Ricardo , Roman Francisco L.
Published: March 2021

The authors build on the literature on reciprocity by exploring a prevalent social and economic phenomenon in the Philippines where individuals with positive mobile phone balances can SMS loads to acquaintances. This practice is known as “pasaload”—an abbreviation of Pass-A-Load. The research was designed based on the literature review that in turn resulted in a research model that focused on six constructs: reciprocity, loyalty, habit, switching costs, trust, and future repurchase. Hypotheses were developed as the basis for a scaled survey of 1050 Philippine smartphone users, with the questions adapted from but adhering closely to the original questions from appropriate articles in the literature review. Overall the mediating effects from the two models are consistent with the expectations from the literature and analysis. In the Philippine context, habit might be a strong mediator even if the true financial and convenience costs to switch is low.
Enhancing E-Learning Through Integration of Online Formative Assessment and Teaching Presence
Authors: Gikandi Joyce Wangui
Published: March 2021

The proliferation of information communication technologies (ICT) continues to increase opportunities for effective pedagogical approaches and online learning. This paper reports a study on integration of online formative assessment from a teaching presence perspective of the community of inquiry (CoI) framework. The effects of this integrative pedagogical approach on students' learning experiences are explored. The study was conducted in a post graduate online course. Case study research design was utilized. The study exemplified the core elements of formative assessment including integration of authentic assessment activities within teaching and learning processes, explicit learning goals, formative feedback, and documentation of evidence of learning. These elements were aligned to the functions of teaching presence, namely design, facilitation, and direct instruction. This approach enhanced meaningful engagement with critical learning experiences including interactive collaboration, critical thinking, reflective thinking, multi-dimensional perspectives, and self-regulation.
Gamification of University Subjects
Authors: Montañés-Del Río Miguel Ángel , Cornejo Vanessa Rodríguez , Rodríguez Margarita Ruiz , Ortiz Jaime Sánchez
Published: March 2021

The masterly lesson, tedious and lacking in motivation for today's university students, provokes a passive attitude from them in the classroom. If they also use their mobile phones to escape from the classroom, the situation seems to get worse. Low attendance rates and poor academic results are some of the consequences of a serious problem: the lack of commitment of students to their learning process. Incorporating elements of games, together with new technologies, may be a possible solution. Thus, in the academic year 2018/2019 the classes of the subject Operations Management II taught throughout the fourth year of Business Administration and Management Degree offered by the University of Cadiz were gamified with Kahoot! The students felt more motivated and their grades improved in comparison to the previous year. In addition, a comparison was made with the results shown in the exams of the academic year after the gamified activity.
Improving Professional Skills of Music Teachers Through the Use of Distance Learning
Authors: Karkina Svetlana V. , Valeeva Roza A. , Starčič Andreja Istenič
Published: March 2021

This paper presents some possibilities of distance learning in music teacher education. The research presented two teacher training programs at Kazan Federal University. The distance learning tools allowed to realize some important subject-oriented principles include self-education, self-realization, and creative approach. The result data were collected from tests results and analysis of self-assessment and questionnaires by quantitative and qualitative experimental methods. The results of the level of musical knowledge and creative activity were increased in the second distance learning group, but not in the first traditional group. Based on the experimental research work, the authors concluded that distance learning environment is a perspective way for develop education system. A distance tool allows us to reflect modern society changes where online format became the priority way for getting new competencies including professional skills in music teacher education.
Doxycycline: An antibiotic with brain protective function in vanadium-intoxicated rats
Authors: Emtawel Mohamed Negia , Gassar Ezeddin , Abdulla Sara , Elfakhri Mustafa , Patel Ayyub , Haider Syed
Published: March 2021

Background: Exposure to vanadium exhibits deleterious neurotoxicity. Doxycycline is a potential antioxidant that prevents the progression of disease through inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Objectives: This research investigates the neuroprotective effects of doxycycline, in different rat brain areas in an animal model intoxicated with vanadium. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into the following four groups: control group, doxycycline-treated group, vanadium-treated group, and concomitant doses of doxycycline plus vanadium-treated group, all given orally for 10 consecutive days. The animals were watched daily for any signs of neurological defects. They were sacrificed by decapitation 24 h after the last dose. Brain was removed rapidly and dissected into cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem. Biochemical studies including the concentrations of phospholipids, cholesterol, cerebrosides, glutathione (GSH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, gangliosides, ascorbic acid, calcium, and lipid peroxidation levels were determined. Results: The results revealed that vanadium produced significant reduction in body and absolute brain weight, with neurological function deficits. Vanadium significantly decreased the concentrations of phospholipids, cholesterol, cerebrosides, and GSH and inhibited AChE activity together with significant increase in gangliosides, ascorbic acid, calcium, and lipid peroxidation levels compared to saline controls. Animals which were given the combined treatment of vanadium and doxycycline regained weight and became normal. Moreover, doxycycline reversed the effect of vanadium on the metabolic variables and inhibited lipid peroxidation nearing to normal levels to that of saline controls. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the antioxidant or chelating action of doxycycline against vanadium neurotoxicity and its therapeutic potential to avert neurodegenerative changes in different rat brain areas.
Constellations and $\tau$-functions for rationally weighted Hurwitz numbers
Authors: Harnad John , Runov Boris
Published: March 2021

Weighted constellations give graphical representations of weighted branched coverings of the Riemann sphere. They were introduced to provide a combinatorial interpretation of the 2D Toda

\tau

-functions of hypergeometric type serving as generating functions for weighted Hurwitz numbers in the case of polynomial weight generating functions. The product over all vertex and edge weights of a given weighted constellation, summed over all configurations, reproduces the

\tau

-function. In the present work, this is generalized to constellations in which the weighting parameters are determined by a rational weight generating function. The associated

\tau

-function may be expressed as a sum over the weights of doubly labelled weighted constellations, with two types of weighting parameters associated to each equivalence class of branched coverings. The double labelling of branch points, referred to as “colour” and “flavour” indices, is required by the fact that, in the Taylor expansion of the weight generating function, a particular colour from amongst the denominator parameters may appear multiply, and the flavour labels indicate this multiplicity.
مصطلحات الحكم التكليفي بين الأصوليين والفقهاء (كتاب المختار للفتوى في الفقه الحنفي للإمام عبد الله الموصلي ت683هـ أنموذجاً)
Authors: د. هنادي بنت رشيد بن رشيد الصاعدي د. هنادي بنت رشيد بن رشيد الصاعدي
Published: March 2021

فهذا البحث بعنوان: مصطلحات الحكم التكليفي بين الأصوليين والفقهاء (كتاب المختار للفتوى في الفقه الحنفي للإمام عبد الله الموصلي ت683هـ أنموذجاً). هدف البحث: توضيح مصطلحات الحكم التكليفي الواردة عند الأصوليين, والواقع الدارج في كتب الفقهاء, وذلك بدراسة تطبيقية عملية على المصطلحات التي استخدمها الإمام الموصلي في كتابه المختار للفتوى للتعبير عن الحكم التكليفي. منهج البحث هو: الاستقرائي الوصفي التحليلي. وذلك بتتبع ألفاظ الحكم التكليفي في كتاب المختار للفتوى, ثم دراسة هذه الألفاظ بالاستعانة بسياق الكلام أولاً, ثم بمراجعة كلام الشُّرَّاح, وكتب المذهب الأخرى. أهم نتائج البحث: أن المصطلحات التي استخدمها الفقهاء في كتبهم للدلالة على الحكم التكليفي تختلف أحياناً عمّا ورد عند الأصوليين, بل وتختلف من كتاب لآخر. وأن المصطلحات التي استعملها الإمام الموصلي ? لبيان الحكم التكليفي متنوّعة, منها ما هو صريح وواضح ومتوافق لما ورد عند الأصوليين, ومنها ما هو غير صريح, إما لأنّ الأصوليين ذكروا له معنىً آخر, أو لأن الأصوليين ذكروا أنها تُستعمل في أكثر من معنى, أو لأنه لم يصرّح بها الأصوليون. وأهم توصية في البحث: إيصال رسالة فكرية إلى كافة الجامعات ومراكز البحث العلمي أن تتبنى مشروع إعداد دراسات عملية تطبيقية على كتب الفقه المعتمدة في المذاهب الأربعة, وتحديد معنى مصطلحات الحكم التكليفي التي وردت فيها؛ لئلا يقف الباحث أو القارئ في مسألة ما حائراً في معرفة الحكم التكليفي الذي قصده المؤلف من هذا اللفظ, أو تزلّ به القدم, فيحمله على غير ما عُرف في المذهب. مع العمل على نشر هذه الدراسات على أوسع نطاق, وأن لا تبقى حبيسة الأرفف. الكلمات المفتاحية: الحكم, التكليف, الحكم التكليفي, مصطلحات الحكم التكليفي, المختار للفتوى، الإمام عبد الله الموصلي.
الخَوْض كما جاء في القرآن الكريم "دراسة موضوعية"
Authors: د. فهد بن عبدالمنعم صقير السُّلمي د. فهد بن عبدالمنعم صقير السُّلمي
Published: March 2021

يتناول البحث دراسة موضوع "الخوض" من خلال الآيات القرآنية التي ورد فيها، وقد هدفت الدراسة إلى بيان خطورة الخوض فيما لا يُرضي الله تعالى وسوء عاقبة الخائضين، ففي المقدمة بيان بأهمية الموضوع وأسباب اختياره، والدراسات السابقة، وخطة البحث، وحدود البحث، والمنهج المتّبع في البحث، وفي التمهيد تعريف بالقرآن الكريم، وبمادة "الخوض"، وفي المبحث الأول عرض للسور والآيات التي ذُكر فيها الخوض، وفي المبحث الثاني بيان علاقة الخوض باللعب، وكيف يكون الخوض سببًا لحبوط العمل، ودخول النار، والموصوفون بالخوض، وفي المبحث الثالث دراسة تفسيريّة تحليلية للآيات التي وردت فيها مادة "الخوض"، ثم الخاتمة وفيها أهم النتايج التي توصلت إليها والتوصيات.
Open Waste Canals as Potential Sources of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Aerosols in Urban Kanpur, India
Authors: Ginn Olivia , Berendes David , Wood Anna , Bivins Aaron , Rocha-Melogno Lucas , Deshusses Marc A. , Tripathi Sachchida N. , Bergin Michael H. , Brown Joe
Published: March 2021

Understanding the movement of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment is critical to managing their spread. To assess potential ARG transport through the air via urban bioaerosols in cities with poor sanitation, we quantified ARGs and a mobile integron (MI) in ambient air over periods spanning rainy and dry seasons in Kanpur, India (n = 53), where open wastewater canals (OWCs) are prevalent. Gene targets represented major antibiotic groups—tetracyclines (tetA), fluoroquinolines (qnrB), and beta-lactams (blaTEM)—and a class 1 mobile integron (intI1). Over half of air samples located near, and up to 1 km from OWCs with fecal contamination (n = 45) in Kanpur had detectable targets above the experimentally determined limits of detection (LOD): most commonly intI1 and tetA (56% and 51% of samples, respectively), followed by blaTEM (8.9%) and qnrB (0%). ARG and MI densities in these positive air samples ranged from 6.9 × 101 to 5.2 × 103 gene copies/m3 air. Most (7/8) control samples collected 1 km away from OWCs were negative for any targets. In comparing experimental samples with control samples, we found that intI1 and tetA densities in air are significantly higher (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively, alpha = 0.05) near laboratory-confirmed fecal contaminated waters than at the control site. These data suggest increased densities of ARGs and MIs in bioaerosols in urban environments with inadequate sanitation. In such settings, aerosols may play a role in the spread of AR.