bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic Protocols for Voting and Bidding Based on Secure Multi-Party Proof
Authors: Xie Dong Qing , Tang Chun Ming
Published: December 2010

A secure electronic protocol, which can be used for electronic voting and electronic bidding, is proposed. The protocol is based on a new cryptographical model called secure multi-party proof that allows any players and a verifier to securely compute a function in the following sense: each of the players learns nothing about other players’ input and nor any information about the value of , and the verifier obtains the value of and its validity but learns nothing about the input of any of the players. In this paper, we firstly define and construct a secure multi-party proof for any polynomial time function with semi-honest participants and verifier, then construct our secure electronic protocol.
Research on the Voltage Regulation of in Interconnected Distributed Network - Distributed Generation
Authors: Yang Shu Ying , Liu Zhao Xia
Published: December 2010

Voltage regulation can be control after distributed generation (DG) into the distribution network. This paper deals with a voltage regulation algorithm for a grid-connected DG, based on active and reactive power control. It also proposes the algorithm of the simplified voltage—superposition theorem. The proposed method is applied to the power distribution system model, and its effectiveness is verified through simulation results. At in the end of the paper, we make a conclusion.
The Finite Element Simulation and Analysis of Thermal Stress Field of In-Service Tubular Electro-Thermal Component
Authors: Zhang Xiu Mei , Zhang Rui Ying , Li Quan
Published: December 2010

The tubular electro-thermal component will produce thermal stress when water in the tube is heated by electricity, which is one of important factors to cause the fracture. In this paper, the finite element simulation and theoretical analyzing methods are used to analyze the thermal stress field of the electro-thermal component tube with different substrates, i.e., quartz glass and borosilicate glass. The result shows that under the same condition, the highest temperature of electro-thermal component using borosilicate glass substrate is higher than that using quartz substrate. When in service, the inner surface of electro-thermal component endures tensile stress and the outer surface endures compressive stress. The inner surface produces greater thermal stress and therefore fracture is more likely to emerge on the inner surface. Therefore, in order to prevent forming of the fracture and reduce the thermal stress, compared with borosilicate glass, priority should be given to quartz glass as the material for manufacturing electro-thermal component.
An Algorithm for Mining Multidimensional Positive and Negative Association Rules
Authors: Jiang He , Bai Ze , Liu Guo Ling , Luan Xiu Mei
Published: December 2010

Research on negative association rule in multidimensional data mining is few. In this paper, an algorithm MPNAR is put forward to mine positive and negative association rules in multidimensional data. With the help of the basis of the minimum support and minimum confidence, this algorithm divided the multidimensional datasets into infrequent itemsets and frequent itemsets. The negative association rules could be mined from infrequent itemsets. Relative to the single positive association rule mining, the new additional negative association rules need not repeatedly read database because two types of association rules were simultaneously mined. Experiments show that the algorithm method is effective and valuable.
Development of Diagnostic Communication Module on KWP 2000 According to AUTOSAR
Authors: Fang Zheng , Wu Feng , Zhang Yong Guang , Guo Qiang , Luo Duan
Published: December 2010

AUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open System Architecture) defines a set of supporting distributed, function-driven software development methods and automotive electronic control units on the software architecture standardization program. KWP2000 (Keyword Protocol 2000) is a widely used automotive vehicle diagnostic protocol, the protocol to achieve a complete vehicle diagnostic services, and meet the OBDII (On Board Diagnose II) standard. This article describes the whole process which the KWP2000 communication software components based on K-line is designed in the MATLAB platform according to the AUTOSAR standard. The simulation tests and real tests showed good diagnostic performance of communication software. The software development methodology according to AUTOSAR not only improves the reusability and portability, but also reduces the software development lifecycle.
Computer Digital Technology on the Development of Graphical Interfaces
Authors: Li Wei Wei , Li Xiang
Published: December 2010

graphic user interface and digital products as a user interface for interactive operations, will undoubtedly become the key to improving the user experience. "Man-machine interface design" as a new and important subject, in a profound impact on computers, mobile phones, PDA, tablet touch device development, the rapid development of computer digital technology and new products are emerging also graphics interface of the far-reaching change.
Base on SPSS Factor Analysis of the Curriculum Rationality
Authors: Luo Jia Guo , Yang Jun Hui , Jia Hong Yu
Published: December 2010

This article describes the rational analysis process for curriculum provision by the SPSS factor analysis, from the perspective of educational statistics to explore resolve the current situation of unreasonable curriculum in teaching programs from the perspective of educational statistics, providing reference for teaching and education management reform. The results show that the method is fast, intuitive, comprehensive and highly targeted.
A Combined just Noticeable Distortion Model-Guided Color Image Watermarking Scheme
Authors: Fang Wang Sheng , Li Yu Nan , Wu Lu Lu , Zhang Rong
Published: December 2010

A new color image watermarking scheme is presented. The visual characteristics of HVS, multi-resolution of discrete wavelet transform, and color image content information are adopted to classify the wavelet coefficients and find a new JND model. The embedded watermark is processed by Arnold transform and chaotic modulation, which can improve the security of scheme. The combined JND model-guided watermarking scheme provides the maximum strength transparent watermark to compromise the robustness and invisibility. Both better invisibility and robustness work than other algorithms based on HVS are shown in the experimental results.
Pattern of the 3rd Party Reverse Logistics System in Ecological Industrial Park
Authors: Ding Xiao Hui , Zhang Shuo Xin , Zhang Yuan Ying , Zhong Wei Zhou
Published: December 2010

Since it lacks theoretical and technological solutions for guiding the eco-transformation of 1st and 2nd generation of development estates (industrial parks) and construction of eco-industrial parks (EIP), the principles for construction and optimization of EIP were put forward through the analyzing of the function and structure of industrial eco-system in EIPs. The 3rd Party Reverse Logistic System (3PRLS) was then introduced to improve the efficiency of materials recycling rate in the operation of EIP. The operation and profit model of 3PRLS were provided, and its information platform was designed for accomplishing the former functions by applying the knowledge of expert system, network topology, and data base. This research introduced the “decomposer” – the 3PRLS to traditional linear industrial system, which is satisfied with market condition as well as technologically feasibility. The technical solution for 3PRLS was also provided.
Signal Conditioning Circuit Design Method Based on Case-Based Reasoning
Authors: Xu Xiao Li , Liu Qiu Shuang
Published: December 2010

In order to improve the R&D speed of instrument and to reduce the R&D cycle, this paper presents a signal conditioning circuit design method based on case-based reasoning (CBR). The case base stores a number of case circuits, and each circuit’s feature information is described by a set containing at least one information entity; the description methods include: according to the user’s description information on the to-be-generated circuit, generate the first information entity set of to-be-generated circuit; take the first information entity set as the search keywords, search from the case base the case circuit of all or partial information entities of the circuit to be generated; according to the degree of correlation between the preset information entity and the case circuit, obtain the degree of correlation between the first information entity set and the searched case circuit; from the said case circuits searched, select the case circuit whose correlation degree is larger than the correlation threshold value as the target circuit; output the target circuit; through accepting the users’ modification of target circuit, obtain the circuit to be generated. Experimental results show: signal conditioning circuit image generation method, which is based on case reasoning, can effectively improve the efficiency of research and development.
The Empirical Research of the Northeast Local Governments Public Policy Implementation Ability
Authors: Yu Zhao Ji , Chao Na , Su Chang Hai
Published: December 2010

Public policy implementation problem is a kind of common phenomenon. It needs to consider the influence of the correlation factors in order to analyze the obstacle factors of policy implementation. The policy implementation is the very important link and extremely complexly in the process of the policy implementation. It is very significant to analyze the factors in the process of policy implementation, it can help us to understand the public decision-making. In the current, there are many problems in local government public policy implementation, those problems have affected the implementation of national public policy and the healthy development of society, Through the research of the northeast local governments public policy implementation ability, several suggestions can be given in order to enhance the implementation ability.
European Option Pricing under Fractional Stochastic Interest Rate Model
Authors: Huang Wen Li , Liu Gui Mei , Li Sheng Hong , Wang An
Published: December 2010

Under the assumption of stock price and interest rate obeying the stochastic differential equation driven by fractional Brownian motion, we establish the mathematical model for the financial market in fractional Brownian motion setting. Using the risk hedge technique, fractional stochastic analysis and PDE method, we obtain the general pricing formula for the European option with fractional stochastic interest rate. By choosing suitable Hurst index, we can calibrate the pricing model, so that the price can be used as the actual price of option and control the risk management
A Practical Mipmap Level Selection Method for Mapping Technique
Authors: Wei Dong , Wei Xian Feng
Published: December 2010

Texture mapping technique is realized by texture filtering. Mipmap mapping technique use square filter to pre-filter the texture. Generally the image of it’s pixel on the screen is anisotropy, the method of use square as the filter is error to some extent, and the error make the projection not accurate. In this study, Mipmap texture mapping technology-based analysis of the principles and methods of pre-filtering, texture mapping for some systems require a higher accuracy, a former post as the rectangular quad division method, and the method in theory is discussed.
Formation of Titanium Carbide Reinforced Copper Matrix Composite by In Situ Processing
Authors: Nur Hawadah Mohd Subhi , Hussain Zuhailawati , Othman Radzali
Published: December 2010

Composite materials with copper matrix and ceramic particle reinforcements provide basis for producing relatively high hardness and electrical conductivity materials. Most of the work on copper-based composites has involved transition metal carbide reinforcement, which is introduced in the copper matrix through a powder metallurgy (P/M) route. TiC particle is one of the interesting candidates for the reinforcement of the Cu composite. This is because of its high melting point, high hardness, good oxidation and corrosion resistance combined with good electrical and thermal conductivity. In this study, in situ prepared copper-titanium carbide using high energy ball milling was addressed. Cu-Ti-C mixture powder was mechanically alloyed by high energy ball milling at 400 rpm speed for 4 hours to investigate the formation of TiC phase during milling. Then, MA was continued for 5, 20, 40,60 and 80 hours in order to determine the formation of titanium carbide phase by milling time. Then the as-milled powders were compacted at 400 MPa and sintered at 900°C for one hour. As-milled powder was characterized by x-ray diffraction for phase identification. From the XRD result, TiC peaks were found at 35.9˚, 41.7˚and 60.4˚.
Formation of TiC-Reinforced Iron Based Composite through Carbothermal Reduction of Hematite and Anatase
Authors: Salihin Hassin Mohd , Hussain Zuhailawati , Samayamutthirian Palaniandy
Published: December 2010

In this research carbothermal reduction of mechanical activated hematite (Fe2O3), anatase (TiO2) and graphite (C) mixture was investigated. Mixture of raw materials with composition of Fe-20vol%TiC was mechanically activated in a planetary ball mill with different milling time (0h-60h) in argon atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the intensity of Fe2O3 reduced with milling time. The activated powders were pressed using cold pressing under a constant pressure (100MPa) and heat treated at 1100°C for sintering in a vacuum furnace. The increase in milling time resulted in the formation of iron (Fe) and titanium carbide (TiC) phase as confirmed by XRD result.
Stabilization of Magnetite Nano Iron Oxide with a Series of Novel Surfactants
Authors: Swee Yee Chin , Hong Seng Samuel Chan , Zurina Samad Wan , Panchanan Pramanik Dipsikha , Nik Yusoff Nik Idris , Salimon Jumat , Yarmo Mohd Ambar
Published: December 2010

Oleic acid which is one of the palm oil derivatives is known to effectively stabilize dispersions of nanomagnetite in nonpolar solvent. Stabilization occurs because the carboxylic acid group covalently reacts with the surface of the magnetite and the aliphatic chain extends out into the nonpolar solvent, preventing aggregation of the particles by a steric (entropic) mechanism. One goal of this work has been to develop a generalized methodology for stabilizing nanomagnetite dispersions using a series of novel surfactants which had been synthesized from palm oil derivatives so that the resultant modified magnetite nanoparticles can be used in a range of applications. The specialty of the surfactants which have thiol compounds attached to the long chain fatty acids have been succesfully coated with magnetite iron oxide as shown on the FTIR spectrum and exhibited a particle size in the range of 25-30 nm as shown on the FT-SEM. These nanoparticles have been characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering, Zeta-potential to examine their stabilities after coating. In addition to that, the X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the modified nanoparticles corresponds to the spinal phase of the bare magnetite iron oxide.
Characterization and Phase Evolution of Cordierite Based Glass Synthesis from Pure Oxide and Minerals
Authors: Banjuraizah Johar , Hasmaliza Mohamad , Ahmad Zainal Arifin
Published: December 2010

α Cordierite is very important phase in MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system because of their very outstanding thermal, chemical and electrical properties. In this presents study non-stoichiometry cordierite (MgO:Al2O3:SiO2 = 3:1.5:5) using 2 different initial raw materials ( (i)mixture of pure oxide, and ii) mainly mixture of minerals) were fabricated and compared in terms of phase transformation and physical properties. Cordierite was prepared by glass method at low melting temperature (1350oC). Low melting temperature has resulted in partly crystalline glass which has possesses higher hardness, required longer milling time and result in contamination from grinding media. However, α-cordierite has successfully crystallized and fully densified at 850oC/2h. Activation energy for densification was investigated from thermal expansion coefficient (TCE) results. Other properties that were discussed included thermal properties using DTA/TGA.
Analysis of Mineralogical Component of Palm Oil Fuel Ash with or without Unburned Carbon
Authors: Chandara Chea , Azizli Khairun Azizi Mohd , Ahmad Zainal Arifin , Hashim Syed Fuad Saiyid , Sakai Etsuo
Published: December 2010

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mineralogical components of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) with or without unburned carbon by using semi-quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD). Original POFA taken from palm oil mill was ground in ball mill, producing ground POFA (GPOFA). Unburned carbon was removed by heating the GPOFA at 500 °C for 1 h, producing treated POFA (TPOFA). Neither glassy phase crystallization nor agglomeration of GPOFA particles occurred during the heat treatment. The content of crystalline phase and glassy phase in GPOFA or TPOFA was determined using semi-quantitative XRD analysis internal standard method. The results showed that GPOFA and TPOFA contained 67.22% and 73.89% of glassy phase, respectively, which could be used as pozzolanic materials. The presence of P2O5, K2O and Na2O in POFA was the reason of reducing the melting point of POFA in boiler.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Study on the MgB2 Superconductor Reacted with Nano-SiC: The Effects of Sintering Temperature
Authors: Tan Kwee Yong , Lee Tan Kim , Pah Lim Kean , Halim Shaari Abdul , Ban Tan Kar , Kien Chen Soo
Published: December 2010

SiC added MgB2 polycrystalline samples were synthesized at low (650°C) and high (850°C) temperatures in order to study the sintering effect on the phase formation and superconducting properties. The MgB2 bulks with additions of 0wt%, 1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt% SiC were studied with powder X-ray diffraction technique. We observed that MgB2 remained as the primary phase for both sintering temperatures in all samples with the presence of MgO and Mg2Si as the main impurities. Some diffraction peaks associated with unreacted SiC is also noticeable. The relative intensity of the Mg2Si peaks was found to decrease in samples sintered at higher temperature. Temperature dependent magnetic moment measurements showed that the superconducting transition temperature, Tc decreases as the SiC addition level increases while lower sintering temperature degrades Tc to a greater extent. The changes in the physical properties is discussed based on the results of phase formation, full width half maximum (FWHM), lattice parameter and crystallite size.
A Technology of Printing Forgery Prevention for Certificates Based on Fingerprint Information
Authors: Sun Liu Jie , Zhang Lei Hong , Liu Zhen , Zhuang Song Lin
Published: December 2010

A new method of printing forgery prevention for certificates is proposed after researching on various algorithms of digital watermarking technology, fingerprint recognition technology, watermarking technology, encryption, and digital printing technology. The fingerprint image of the certificate owner is regarded as a watermarking and inserted in the certificate carrier. The encrypted fingerprint holographic watermarking techique is applied to increase the safty of the certificate information and realize the forgery prevention. The certificate presswork which has the encrypted fingerprint holographic watermarking information is printed by the printer. In the identification process, an ordinary scanner is employed to input certificate image information. We can use the obtained decryption keys to extract the watermark information by blind digital watermarking extracting method. The fingerprint collected on site is authorized by the extracting fingerprint information. By combining digital watermarking with fingerprint recognition technology, we realized safe authentication of user’s identity with imperceptibility of digital watermarking and the uniqueness of fingerprint recognition. This technology has some advantages. It is simple in information collecting and generating method, low in facturing cost and high in safe authentication. It has some practical application value.
Applications of 2D Barcode for Mobile Tagging
Authors: Zhou Ping , Rong Xiao Ying
Published: December 2010

2D barcode, which carries more data than a traditional UPC barcode becomes popular. Camera phones can be used to scan barcodes on consumer packaging and other printed media. The scanned images are decoded for specific information, such as a URL for certain product, a promotion code, the product identity, etc. The technology makes it possible to connect the static printed information to the interactive and updating information. This paper explores the integration of printed media and digital media via 2D barcode, and the applications of utilizing 2D barcode in marketing, counterfeiting, and exchanging information. 2D barcode technology can bridge the gap between printed media to dynamic information via digital devices. The mobile tagging technology will become a value-added feature for printed media, including consumer packaging and news media
Effect of Paper Surface Characteristics on Dot Gain in Ink-Jet Printing
Authors: Qu Zhen Cai , Chen Guang Xue , Tang Bao Lin , Wen Shuang Shuang
Published: December 2010

Four kinds of ink-jet papers with different surface characteristics are chosen in this paper, by the ink-jet proofing experiments, the influence of surface characteristics to dot gain is studied, and the law of dot gain with paper surface characteristics is discussed. During the experiment, surface properties including absorbency, gloss, roughness and whiteness are tested firstly; then, the standard wedge of GATF is printed on these papers in the same printing conditions; finally, the dot gain is tested by SpectroEye. After experimental data processing and analysis, dot gain curves of different ink-jet papers are concluded, the law of dot gain with ink-jet paper surface characteristics is summarized. The results show that dot gain is different in different paper, the evaluation of 3# is the best; dot gain is also different with different colors in the same paper, and it is serious in cyan but light in yellow; the biggest dot gain appears in different contrast with different colors, cyan appears near the 65% dot area. The result of this paper offers a certain theoretical reference and practical guidance to the selection, the research and development of ink-jet paper as well as the improvement of ink-jet qualities.
The Research on Special Printing Effects Based on Gray Component Replacement
Authors: Zhu Ming Zheng , Chen Zhe , Liu Hao Xue
Published: December 2010

The data of CMY ink’s gray balance are got to define the replacement relationship between CMY and K ink by experiment with the digital printer. A special image was got by using CMY and K ink according to the principle of Gray Component Replacement (GCR).The image will have two different appearances by using the spectral response properties of CMY and K ink under visible light and infrared light．This kind of image can achieve the purpose of anti-counterfeiting printing.
An Exploration on Image Detection of Folding Dislocations
Authors: Gao Bo , Zhang Xiao Gui , Wang Yu
Published: December 2010

Image detection of folding dislocation deviations is explored in order to provide an application base for real-time monitoring of folding process. Various types of folding dislocations are analyzed, the extraction of corresponding corner points and edge lines of a folding dislocation is discussed, and so are some image processing techniques such as determination of the type of a folding dislocation. The image detection process is explained, and is achieved through a software program, which is custom designed in VC++ language. The image detection of folding dislocation deviations is verified, and the results show that the proposed method is feasible and computing time is short, thus it is conducive to real-time monitoring applications.
Study on Color Space Conversion Based on RBF Neural Network
Authors: Cao Cong Jun , Liu Qiang Jun
Published: December 2010

The conversions of color spaces are core techniques of modern ICC color management and the study of color space conversion algorithm between L*a*b* and CMYK is valuable both in theory and in application. In this paper, firstly ECI2002 standard color target data are uniformly selected, including modeling data and testing data; secondly the models of color space conversions from CMYK to L*a*b* and from L*a*b* to CMYK are built based on Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network; finally the precision of the models are evaluated. This research indicates that the RBF neural network is suitable for the color space conversions between CMYK and L*a*b*. The models’ building processes are simpler and more convenient; the network has fast training speed and good results. With the improvement of the modeling method, this method for color space conversion will have a broader application.
Effect of Performance of Paper on Indentation Process
Authors: Gu Ling Ya , Liu Jiang Hao , Huang Pei Qing , Yang Ni
Published: December 2010

To prove the indentation quality of packaging products, the indentation depth and the bottom die width were changed to study the effect of the indentation on the indentation quality and make sure the best indentation depth with HANATEK indentation tester for 20kinds of paper. The relationship between the performance of paper and the best indentation depth is analyzed by the method of linear regression. The result shows that the deeper the indentation depth is, the bigger the folding angle is. The folding angle of steel wire and paper fibers in parallel rows is bigger than that in vertical rows. The deflection and longitudinal tensile strength of paper have notable effect on the indentation depth, transverse tensile strength and tightness are poor and the folding endurance has no remarkable influence.Printing packing profession in our country has made significant progress with the rapid growth of economy and the rapid expansion of international trade. The postpress technology plays a key role to the quality of printing packing and the die cutting indentation is the important technique of production. The die cutting indentation makes the print artistic and suitable , it suits all kinds of print surface finishing process and is widely applied in book cover, trademark, label, as well as carton. So how the quality of the die cutting indentation has directly effect on the market image. However, the indentation processing basically depends on the experience of technical staff in the factory at present. To study the relationship between the performance of paper and the indentation condition can provide certain scientific basis for the choice of indentation process.
Preparation of Self-Crosslinking Core-Shell Latex at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Wang Tang Wei , Zhang Song Ya , Li Zhong Xiao , Pu Jia Ling
Published: December 2010

A reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent, 2- (dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)propanoic acid (RAFT-1), was synthesized and characterized. Equimolar doses of acrylic acid (AA) and n-butyl acrylate were successively polymerized in the presence of RAFT-1 to give an amphiphilic macro RAFT agent (RAFT-2), which had a calculated average degree of polymerization of ten. Core-shell poly (butyl acrylate-co-diacetoneacrylamide) latex was prepared by using RAFT-2 as a reactive surfactant. The latex was narrowly distributed and very stable, which had a solid concentration as high as 45 wt.% and an average diameter of about 50 nm, Latex films were prepared with the core-shell emulsion and small amount of cross-linking agent, adipic dihydrazide. Results showed that cross-linking reaction occurred with the evaporation of water. The resulting cross-linked latex film was tough and transparent.
Study on Branched Polyacrylamide Preparation and Application
Authors: Zhu Xian Mei , Cheng Gang Hu , Liu Hong Zhao
Published: December 2010

With the continuous development of printing technology and printing equipments, the quality of newsprint should be improved to meet with all the real demands. Acrylamide copolymer is used in paper-making as process aid and function aid which can effectively improve paper printing adaptability. Preparation and application of polyacrylamide via aqueous copolymerization was studied as dry strength agent in this paper. The polyacrylamide with middle molecular weight and low viscosity was obtained by reacting acrylamide, cationic monomer [2-(acryloyloxy)ethy] -trimethylammonium chloride and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, anionic monomer itaconic acid, active nonionic monomer N-metholacrylamide and crosslinking monomer 1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-s-rine, the copolymer was characterized by FT-IR, charge density and molecular weight distribution. On the basis of internal present situation of pulp, the papermaking system with deinking pulp from office waste paper and white water of 1000-1200us/cm conductivity from paper mill were selected for application research. The results show that when the dosage of acrylamide copolymer is 0.8% to the dry weight of pulp and handsheet basis weight is 60g/m2, acrylamide copolymer can show the superior performance to newsprint and receivable cost for paper mill, fluffing speed, tearing strength and internal bonds are respectively improved by 14%, 20% and 30%.
Mathematical Model and Implementation of the Density-Based Gravure Spot-Color Matching
Authors: Luo Ru Bai , Zhou Shi Sheng , Jiang Nan , Yang Qiu Juan
Published: December 2010

In the paper, the spot-color was divided into ten color areas based on the theory of Munsell color system, then, the model samples in IGT was produced according to each color area. After measuring and analyzing the data of the proofs, Gravure spot-color matching based on masking equation by the means of ten color areas was established. Finally, the paper validated the precision of Gravure spot-color matching model by the method of color difference. The functional module of Gravure spot-color matching in the commercial spot-color matching system was developed using C++ programming language and MySQL Database. The running result of spot-color matching software indicated that the Gravure spot-color matching system based on the proposed method is easy to come true by computer programming, and the color difference between matching color and target color is suitable range (△E≤6 ).
Degradable Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering - Part II: Responses of Fibroblasts and Macrophages to Linear PHEMA
Authors: Keen Imelda , Chirila Traian V. , Barnard Zeke , Zainuddin Z. , Whittaker Andrew K.
Published: December 2010

A series of linear poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) with defined molecular weights (MW) and narrow molecular distributions were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using cumyl dithiobenzoate (CDB) as a chain transfer agent. Murine fibroblasts (3T3) were exposed to eluates from various PHEMA samples, washed or unwashed, and with or without dithioester end groups. After 72 hrs in cell culture, no cytotoxic response was elicited by the polymer samples devoid of dithioester end groups, and which also underwent a thorough washing regime. Specimens throughout the entire MW range were internalized by a macrophage (cell line Raw 264), suggesting that such polymers can be used as models for studying the biodegradation of PHEMA.
Genetic Effects of Trabecular Titanium™ on Human Osteoblast-Like Cells (MG-63): An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sollazzo Vincenzo , Pezzetti Furio , Palmieri Annalisa , Girardi Ambra , Farinella Francesca , Carinci Francesco
Published: December 2010

Pure titanium and titanium alloys are materials widely used in orthopaedics and dental surgery because of their mechanical properties, chemical stability and biocompatibility. Although excellent clinical results have been shown, traditional porous metals have several inherent limitations (low volumetric porosity, relatively high modulus of elasticity and low frictional characteristics, availability as a coating only). With the aim of moving beyond these limits, improving the potentiality of osteointegration and consequently the stability of prosthetic implants, a new highly porous titanium biomaterial (Trabecular Titanium™, TT) has been developed. In this in vitro study, we are testing the effects of TT on osteoblast-like cells (MG63) cultured on disks of this biomaterial by using DNA microarrays containing 20,000 genes. We identified several genes covering a broad range of functional activities whose expression was significantly up- or down-regulated. Findings from this study can give a detailed description of the genetic effects TT has on human osteoblast-like cells in vitro. We demonstrated that TT stimulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, and reduces osteoblast apoptosis. Moreover, TT limits osteoclastogenesis, inflammation and reduces the immunologic events against the material, modulating genes related to the immune system. Therefore, all these effects contribute to improve osseointegration and consequently survival of the prosthetic implants. These reported data encourage the clinical application of Trabecular Titanium™ to prosthetic devices.
Synthesis and Characterizations of Thermo-Sensitive Graft-Polymer Hydrogel from Gleditsia sinensis polysaccharide
Authors: Gao Zhi Yuan , Jiang Jian Xin , Yin Ning
Published: December 2010

The thermo-sensitive graft-polymer of Gleditsia Sinensis polysaccharide with N-Isopropyl Acrylamide (NIPAM) was prepared and cross linked with glutaraldehyde to form the hydrogel. The effect of reaction conditions on the graft rate and gel strength of Gleditsia Sinesis Polysaccharide-g-NIPAM was evaluated. The graft rate of Gleditsia Sinensis polysaccharide reached the highest value with temperature of 75°C, reaction time of 5 hours and initiator of 0.025% (ratio of initiator to hydrogel, w/w) respectively. The gel strength of hydrogel, generated by the graft-polymer using glutaraldehyde as a cross linker, had a negative correlation with the grafting rate of the polymer. The influence of ionic strength and concentration of cross linker on gel strength, contractibility and Equilibrium Degree of Swelling (EDS) were investigated. The contractibility and gel strength increased with increments of cross linker and NaCl concentration, while EDS decreased with the increasing amount of cross linker and NaCl concentration. FT-IR and XRD were employed to confirm the grafting reaction between NIPAM and Gleditsia Sinensis polysaccharide. There was a great difference of contracting behavior between the thermo-sensitive hydrogel and ordinary hydrogel, which was mainly manifested by the temperature reaching the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) of the polymer. The amount of water released from the thermo-sensitive hydrogel per unit time was much more than the ordinary hydrogel, which was mostly due to the conformation transition of the graft-polymer. It was found that the LCST of the polymer was obtained at 36.5°C, which indicates that the polymer has an obvious temperature dependency and could be used in living tissues as drug controlled release materials.
Immunoextraction of CD25 Using Anti-CD25 Monoclonal Antibodies in Artificial Kidneys
Authors: Branham Michael L.
Published: December 2010

The objectives of this study were to compare transport characteristics of the soluble interleukin-2 receptor (CD25) in haemodialyzers (high- and low flux) under equilibrium and sink conditions. Using an in vitro model high-flux polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), high-flux cellulose acetate (CA), and low-flux polysulfone (PSF) dialyzer membranes were perfused with CD25 through the intracapillary space. Anti-CD25 antibodies added to the extracapillary space resulted in immunoextraction of CD25 after the system had reached steady-state. Results indicate that CD25 was efficiently cleared by both high-flux dialyzers but not the low-flux dialyzer. Furthermore, CD25 interaction with cellulose acetate membranes may promote formation of antigen-antibody lattice structures which disperse after antigen concentrations occur in excess. CD25 did not strongly adsorb to any of the membranes but its mass clearance was significantly enhanced by antibodies in the dialysate compartment. These studies demonstrated the utility of in vitro experiments to elucidate midsize molecule clearance during dialysis therapy.
Forward Bias Capacitance-Voltage Measurements on Semiconductors Using Co-Planar Ohmic and Schottky Contacts in a Cylindrical Geometry
Authors: Rangel-Kuoppa Victor Tapio , Sopanen Markku , Lipsanen Harri
Published: December 2010

A model to explain forward bias capacitance-voltage measurements is presented and compared with experimental results. Forward bias capacitance-voltage measurements, with environment light, were performed in a sample containing CdSe ultra thin quantum wells periodically embedded on undoped epitaxially grown ZnSe on a semi-insulating GaAs(001) substrate. A Au Schottky contact and annealed Ti/Pt/Au ohmic contacts were deposited on the sample surface in a coplanar cylindrical geometry. Under this model both type of carriers are necessary to explain the capacitive (holes) and resistive (electrons) behaviors. The measurements are fitted following the presented model, reasonable agreement is obtained. The quality factor Q is calculated and it is found to be smaller than one, hence no correction is needed. The charge carrier density profile is done on the capacitance voltage measurement. The experiments indicate a periodic charge distribution in the samples attributed to charge captured in the ultra thin quantum wells.
Computer Modelling of Dynamic Fracture Experiments
Authors: Fedelinski Piotr
Published: December 2010

In this work the time-domain boundary element method (BEM) is applied to simulate dynamic fracture experiments. The fast fracture is modelled by adding new boundary elements at the crack tip. The direction of crack growth is perpendicular to the direction of maximum circumferencial stress. The time dependent loading of specimens and velocities of crack growth are taken from experiments as input data for computer simulations. The method is used to analyze: a short beam specimen, a special mixed-mode specimen and a three-point bend specimen subjected to impact loads. The dynamic stress intensity factors (DSIF) and the crack paths are compared with the results obtained by other authors who used the finite element method (FEM) and experimental methods.
On NGF Applications to LBIE Potential and Displacement Discontinuity Analyses
Authors: Miers L.S. , Telles J.C.F.
Published: December 2010

This work aims at extending the concept of the Numerical Green's Function (NGF), known from boundary element applications to potential and fracture mechanics problems, to the Local Boundary Integral Equation (LBIE) context. As a "companion" solution, the NGF is used to remove the integrals of the main discontinuities over the crack boundary and is to be introduced only for source points whose support touches or contains the actual crack surfaces.
CD8+ Cells Enhance Resistance to Pulmonary Serotype 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection in Mice
Authors: Weber Sarah E. , Tian Haijun , Pirofski Liise-anne
Published: December 2010

Despite the success of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, pneumococcal pneumonia remains a significant clinical problem, and there is still much to learn about natural resistance and cellular immunity to pneumococcus. We investigated the role of T lymphocytes in resistance to serotype (ST) 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae in an intranasal infection model in C57BL/6 (wild-type [Wt]) and CD8+ (CD8−/−)- and CD4+ (MHC class II−/−)-deficient mice. CD8−/− mice exhibited significantly more bacterial dissemination and lung inflammation and a significantly more lethal phenotype than Wt mice. However, there was no difference in the bacterial dissemination, lung inflammation, or survival of Wt and MHC class II−/− mice. Perforin (Pfn)−/− and IFN-γ−/− mice, which were used to dissect the role of CD8+ T cells in our model, also exhibited a more lethal survival phenotype than Wt mice. Comparison of lung chemokine/cytokine levels by Luminex and cellular recruitment by FACS in Wt mice and knockout strains revealed that CD8−/− and IFN-γ−/− mice, which had the most lethal survival phenotype, had more CD4+IL-17+ T (Th17) cells, IL-17, neutrophil chemoattractants, and lung neutrophils, and fewer regulatory T cells than Wt mice. CD4+ T cell depletion improved the survival of ST-infected CD8−/− mice, and survival studies in Th17-deficient mice revealed that the Th17 response was dispensable for ST3 resistance in our model. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that CD8+ cells are required, but CD4+ T cells are dispensable for resistance to ST3 pneumonia in mice and suggest a previously unsuspected role for CD8+ cells in modulating the inflammatory response to ST3.
Critical Modifier Role of Membrane-Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator-Dependent Ceramide Signaling in Lung Injury and Emphysema
Authors: Bodas Manish , Min Taehong , Mazur Steven , Vij Neeraj
Published: December 2010

Ceramide accumulation mediates the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive lung diseases. Although an association between lack of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and ceramide accumulation has been described, it is unclear how membrane-CFTR may modulate ceramide signaling in lung injury and emphysema. Cftr+/+ and Cftr−/− mice and cells were used to evaluate the CFTR-dependent ceramide signaling in lung injury. Lung tissue from control and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients was used to verify the role of CFTR-dependent ceramide signaling in pathogenesis of chronic emphysema. Our data reveal that CFTR expression inversely correlates with severity of emphysema and ceramide accumulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects compared with control subjects. We found that chemical inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis controls Pseudomonas aeruginosa-LPS–induced lung injury in Cftr+/+ mice, whereas its efficacy was significantly lower in Cftr−/− mice, indicating that membrane-CFTR is required for controlling lipid-raft ceramide levels. Inhibition of membrane-ceramide release showed enhanced protective effect in controlling P. aeruginosa-LPS–induced lung injury in Cftr−/− mice compared with that in Cftr+/+ mice, confirming our observation that CFTR regulates lipid-raft ceramide levels and signaling. Our results indicate that inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis may be effective in disease states with low CFTR expression like emphysema and chronic lung injury but not in complete absence of lipid-raft CFTR as in ΔF508-cystic fibrosis. In contrast, inhibiting membrane-ceramide release has the potential of a more effective drug candidate for ΔF508-cystic fibrosis but may not be effectual in treating lung injury and emphysema. Our data demonstrate the critical role of membrane-localized CFTR in regulating ceramide accumulation and inflammatory signaling in lung injury and emphysema.
The Heiberg Group, western Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Islands
Authors: Embry A F
Published: December 2010

The Heiberg, a prominent formation in the eastern and central Sverdrup Basin, is given group status in the western Sverdrup. The Heiberg Croup comprises five formations which, in ascending order are: Skybattle, Crosvenor Island, Maclean Strait, Lougheed Island
and King Christian. These new formations are formally defined herein. The Skybattle, Maclean Strait and King Christian formations are sandstone-dominant and consist of delta front, distributary mouth bar and delta plain deposits. The sandstone-dominant units are separated from each other by
shale-siltstone formations (Crosvenor Island and Lougheed Island). These argillaceous formations represent prodelta and off shore shelf deposits. Three formal members are recognized in the King Christian Formation. The Drake Point (lowest) and Whitefish members are sandstone-dominant and are
separated by the Stupart Member, which consists of shale and siltstone.
Stratigraphic and structural studies on Melville Island, District of Franklin
Authors: Harrison J C , Goodbody Q H , Christie R L
Published: December 2010

Melville Island is a key area in the Arc tic Islands for understanding the Middle to Upper Devonian clastic wedge, the Ellesmerian Orogeny, the Melvillian Disturbance, and the evolution of Carboniferous to Tertiary tectonics and sedimentation of the Sverdrup
Basin margin. A mapping project to produce new 1:250 000 scale maps and cross-sections of Melville Island was begun in 1984, and some preliminary stratigraphic and structural results are presented in this paper. Various refinements to the stratigraphy proposed by Embry, Nassichuk, Kerr and others
were found to be useful in the current studies. Middle Devonian shales have acted as a regionally significant décollement horizon during the Upper Devonian Ellesmerian Orogeny; we also suggest that the Permian Melvillian Disturbance, previously interpreted as a mt1d orogenic pulse on
north­western Melville Island, was a period during which drape folding and extensional tectonics related to the development of the margin of Sverdrup Basin occurred.
The stratified nature of deposits in streamlined glacial landforms on southern Victoria Island, District of Franklin
Authors: Sharpe D R
Published: December 2010

The structure of streamlined landforms near Cambridge Bay, Northwest Territories, suggests that these major glacial deposits may be produced by deposition from subglacial meltwater. Fluted landscapes are spatially gradational to drumlin features, which in turn
are transitional to large eskers, all comprising stratified deposits including interbedded sand and diamicton. These sediments are intact, interbedded, and conformable with the landform, and they probably represent accumulation in a subaqueous environment. Both drumlinoid and fluted forms could
result from meltwater eroding subglacial cavities that were subsequently filled with sediment from the meltwater and from the glacier. The implications of the proposed meltwater origin of streamlined landforms are that landform-sediment descriptions are crucial to mapping glacial sediments and that
interpretation of the glacial geology and sediments of many areas needs to take into account the significance of subglacial meltwater deposition.
Bedrock geology of the Ellice Hills map area and new constraints on the regional geology of the Committee Bay area, Nunavut
Authors: Skulski T , Sandeman H , Sanborn-Barrie M , MacHattie T , Young M , Carson C , Berman R , Brown J , Rayner N , Panagapko D , Byrne D , Deyell C
Published: December 2010

The Ellice Hills map area (NTS 56 P), southwest of Committee Bay, contains two belts of Archean supracrustal rocks intruded by younger, diverse plutonic rocks. The Ellice Hills supracrustal strand is a west-northwest-facing belt of interbedded psammite,
semipelite, silicate iron-formation, komatiite, and basalt. To the south, the Committee Bay supracrustal belt contains komatiite, semipelite, psammite, and iron-formation, overlain by quartzite, rare intermediate volcanic rocks, and interbedded psammite and semipelite. Ultramafic sills intrude the
supracrustal rocks. Folded with the Archean supracrustal rocks is a small outlier of younger meta-arkose and calc-arenite. A regionally extensive, northeast-striking, 2610 Ma intrusive complex of K-feldspar-magnetite granodiorite and monzogranite intrudes supracrustal rocks in the south. To the
north, the supracrustal belts are cut by tonalite, granodiorite, monzogranite, and diorite plutons that are likely part of a widespread, 2610-2580 Ma plutonic suite. The northern part of the Ellice Hills area is intruded by a large biotite-muscovite monzogranite pluton.