bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Renewable Energy Consumption Mitigate Carbon Emissions for India?
Authors: Manocha Rinku
Published: September 2022

Developing economies have an urge for development and energy is the lifeline of development. However, the consumption of non-renewable energy resources is emerging as a major concern towards environmental degradation. India is sailing in the same boat wherein the policy makers are trying to strike a balance between development and environment. Attainment of sustainable development that supports environment is vital, therefore, the Government of India is extensively promoting use of renewable energy resources. The present study is an attempt to empirically evaluate the impact of renewable energy consumption (REC) on India’s carbon emission over the period of 1990–2020 by employing autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. To underline it, two model frameworks have been formed; one with environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and another without EKC specification. The result for REC variable was found to be negative but insignificant with EKC framework, and negative and significant without EKC specifications indicating reduction in carbon emissions with the use of renewable energy resources. The results indicate that more extensive use of renewable energy resources might work towards making the REC coefficient more significant towards India’s environment.
Integrity governance: A new reform agenda for sport?
Authors: Sam Michael , Stenling Cecilia , Tak Minhyeok
Published: September 2022

Globally, “integrity” has emerged as a critical concept for sport, with scholars, government agencies and NGOs proposing the establishment of “integrity systems”, comprising measures such as new policy units, ombudsmen and mediation services. The purpose of this study is to assess the coherence of this reform agenda, to determine its core features and gauge whether it constitutes a new governing paradigm and departure from “professionalisation”. Drawing on case material from Australia and New Zealand, we trace the sport integrity agenda and its adoption into each country's government policies and programmes. The emerging agenda focuses on diverse risks at the periphery of “old” professionalised management, while demanding a sector-wide response and universal adherence. Coordination and regulation are emphasised (at national, state/regional and local levels), supported by central government policy frameworks and grievance detection regimes. While the integrity agenda has distinctive elements of a reform movement, preliminary evidence suggests it may become integrated under the existing logics of performance, audits and risk management. It nevertheless signals substantive changes to the conduct of sport organisations at multiple levels of the system.
Effects of a graphene oxide-alginate sheet scaffold on rotator cuff tendon healing in a rat model
Authors: Yoon Jong Pil , Kim Dong Hyun , Min Seung Gi , Kim Hun‐Min , Choi Jin‐Hyun , Lee Hyun Joo , Park Kyeong Hyeon , Kim Seong Soo , Chung Seok Won , Yoon Sung Hyuk
Published: September 2022

Background

Natural polymer scaffolds used to promote rotator cuff healing have limitations in terms of their mechanical and biochemical properties. This animal study aimed to investigate the effects of combined graphene oxide (GO) and alginate scaffold and the toxicity of GO on rotator cuff healing in a rat model.

Methods

First, the mechanical properties of a GO/alginate scaffold and a pure alginate scaffold were compared. The in vitro cytotoxicity of and proliferation of human tenocytes with the GO/alginate scaffold were evaluated by CCK-8 assay. For the in vivo experiment, 20 male rats were randomly divided into two groups ( n = 10 each), and supraspinatus repair was performed: group 1 underwent supraspinatus repair alone, and group 2 underwent supraspinatus repair with the GO/alginate scaffold. Biomechanical and histological analyses were performed to evaluate the quality of tendon-to-bone healing 8 weeks after rotator cuff repair.

Results

The GO/alginate scaffold exhibited an increased maximum load ( p = .001) and tensile strength ( p = .001). In the cytotoxicity test, the cell survival rate with the GO/alginate scaffold was 102.08%. The proliferation rate of human tenocytes was no significant difference between the GO/alginate and alginate groups for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Biomechanically, group 2 exhibited a significantly greater ultimate failure load ( p < .001), ultimate stress ( p < .001), and stiffness ( p < .001) than group 1. The histological analysis revealed that the tendon-to-bone interface in group 2 showed more collagen fibers bridging, tendon-to-bone integration, longitudinally oriented collagen fibers, and fibrocartilage formation than in group 1.

Conclusion

A small amount of GO added to alginate improved the mechanical properties of the scaffold without evidence of cytotoxicity. At 8 weeks after rotator cuff repair, the GO/alginate scaffold improved tendon-to-bone healing without causing any signs of toxicity in a rat model.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Web-Based Peer Navigation-Psychoeducational HIV Intervention for Women
Authors: Stockman Jamila K. , Anderson Katherine M. , Carr Sara G. , Wood Brittany A. , Cloitre Marylene , Smith Laramie R.
Published: September 2022

This study examined feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a pilot randomized controlled trial (BRIDGES) designed to improve HIV care outcomes among syndemic-affected women living with HIV (WLHA). We enrolled and randomized adult WLHA who were out-of-care or at risk of falling out-of-care and experienced any syndemic condition(s) into BRIDGES ( n = 11) or standard of care ( n = 13). BRIDGES employed peer navigation one-on-one sessions and six weekly 2-h video psychoeducation group sessions. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed through participant quantitative and semistructured interviews. Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted to evaluate the preliminary effects of BRIDGES. BRIDGES was highly feasible and acceptable. Intervention participants demonstrated improved self-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy at 3 months, and better engagement and retention in care and viral suppression at 12 months compared to control participants. BRIDGES is a promising program to provide syndemic-affected WLHA with the tools needed to mitigate social and structural barriers to HIV care.
Correlation of Dental Anomalies with Cleft Type and Gender in Non-Syndromic Oral Cleft Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Papaefthymiou, DDS Petros , Agrafioti, DDS Margarita , Yilmaz, DDS, PhD Hanife Nuray
Published: September 2022

To investigate the distribution of dental anomalies between non-syndromic orofacial cleft patients and their association with the cleft type and gender.

Retrospective cross-sectional study involving examination of intraoral dental records and radiographs.

300 non-syndromic orofacial cleft patients included (161 males and 139 females, mean age: 10.23 ± 2.3 years).

Variables analyzed: tooth agenesis, microdontia, and supernumerary teeth. Data analysis: Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to investigate the correlation between dental anomalies, cleft type, and gender.

Agenesis occurred in 66% of the subjects, supernumerary teeth in 19.6%, and microdontia in 18.3%. In females with unilateral left cleft lip and palate (CLP), agenesis was significantly higher compared to males. Both genders presented significant agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors and right central incisor. Significant agenesis of central incisor, canine and second premolar on the upper left side and lower second premolars were observed only in males, with significant microdontia for maxillary lateral incisors and left central incisor. Significant agenesis of maxillary first premolars was seen only in females. Agenesis in maxillary quadrants was significant for patients with unilateral right and left CLP, and bilateral CLP. In mandibular quadrants, agenesis was substantially higher for patients with isolated CP.

Results suggest that tooth agenesis and microdontia might not be directly associated with the cleft area's anatomical irregularity but are affected by gender and other genetic factors that regulate the development of the anomaly and the orofacial clefting mutually.
Controllability and observability for fractal linear dynamical systems
Authors: Sadek Lakhlifa
Published: September 2022

In the present paper, we investigate the controllability, and observability of a non-homogeneous continuous-time fractal dynamical system (NC-TFDS). We show that the controllability is equivalent to a controllability matrix that has a full rank. We also show a relationship between controllability and fractal differential Lyapunov equation (F-DLE). We give some theorems for the observability of a NC-TFDS. Finally, we offer two examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our results and compare it with the two papers Al-Zhour (2022) and ( Sadek et al., 2022 ).
Etiological Pathways to the Emergence of Preteen Problematic Sexual Behavior: An Exploratory Mediational Model
Authors: Allen Brian
Published: September 2022

Studies examining the etiology of problematic sexual behavior (PSB) among pre-teen children often rely on identifying correlational relationships without examining potential causal mechanisms. This study describes an exploratory analysis of a potential mediational model where child sexual abuse (CSA) and child physical abuse (CPA) predict the onset of PSB through their impact on the emergence of posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and self-dysregulation. The caregivers of 189 children between the ages of 3 and 11 years presenting for mental health treatment in the United States completed a battery of measures designed to assess each of the variables in the model. Cross-sectional, regression-based mediational analyses showed that the overall model performed adequately ( R = 0.33, R 2 = 0.11, F = 3.07, p = .004). CSA exerted a direct effect on PSB that was not mediated through either PTS or self-dysregulation. However, no direct effect for CPA was found. Rather, CPA exerted a significant effect on the display of self-dysregulation, which in turn was associated with PSB. These results are discussed in light of clinical implications and directions for further research.
Simple shear in nonlinear Cosserat micropolar elasticity: Existence of minimizers, numerical simulations, and occurrence of microstructure
Authors: Blesgen Thomas , Neff Patrizio
Published: September 2022

Deformation microstructure is studied for a 1 D-shear problem in geometrically nonlinear Cosserat elasticity. Microstructure solutions are described analytically and numerically for zero characteristic length scale.
Systematic review of the guidelines for retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Kościółek Michał , Kisielewska Weronika , Ćwiklik-Wierzbowska Marlena , Wierzbowski Piotr , Gilbert Clare
Published: September 2022

As the characteristics of preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) vary, depending on the quality of neonatal care they received, universal screening criteria for ROP are not possible. The purpose of this study was to compare ROP guidelines for those planning to develop guidelines, particularly in resource-poor settings.

A systematic review was undertaken of PubMed, Embase and guidelines registers to identify national or international policy statements or guidelines in English, issued or operational in 2010–2021. Bibliographies of two publications were also reviewed. The searches identified 633, 1081 and 317 records, respectively, and 157 records were retrieved from other sources. 23 publications were included in the analysis.

Most included documents defined cut-offs for screening as <32 weeks gestational age (GA) or ≤1500g birth weight (BW). The highest values were in the Philippines (<35 weeks GA; <2000g) and India (≤34 weeks GA; <2000g). The lowest were in high-income countries, i.e. the United States of America (≤32 weeks for GA) and New Zealand (<1250g for BW). Most guidelines included additional risk factors to consider. The most frequent indication for when screening should start was a combination of GA and chronological age. All but one document defined when screening could stop. There was general consensus on the indications, timing and methods of treatment. Indications for anti-VEGF therapy varied between countries.

Guidelines were identified for a limited number of countries with none from low-income settings. Variation in the indications for screening reflects the varying exposure to risk factors in different settings.
Pursuing perfection through relationality: Studying the intersubjective dynamics of embodied agency in ballet
Authors: Satama Suvi , Huopalainen Astrid
Published: September 2022

This study investigates the relational dynamics of embodied agency in the empirical context of ballet. Drawing on 15 ethnographic and 6 photo-elicitation interviews with professional dancers from the Finnish National Ballet, this study analyses the ways in which ballet dancers negotiate their agency in relation to other agents in their everyday work. We show how ballet dancers have to balance between satisfying the needs of the invisible gaze through different layers of relationality, on the one hand, and aiming to create room for their intimate, embodied experiences on the other. This study contributes to the existing knowledge on agency at the workplace by illustrating how it is grounded in the body in relational ways. By furthering the phenomenological understanding of subject formation as a form of intersubjectivity, this study shows how the working self is always relationally constructed, open to ambiguity and, sometimes, ‘caught between’ achieving agency and the objectifying scrutiny of the self and others between the visible onstage and hidden backstage. Consequently, this study offers in-depth insights into and parallels for intersubjective development in organisations.
Dislocating peripheries to the center: A tecnologia social reinventing repertoires and territories
Authors: Saldanha Fabio Prado , Pozzebon Marlei , Delgado Natalia Aguilar
Published: September 2022

Although social innovation has gained increasing importance in recent decades due to its promise of promoting social change, critical scholars have identified a number of gray areas, notably numerous perspectives that fail to deeply question the conditions that maintain social inequalities and exclusion, and that are marked by the absence of the voices of those living in the so-called “peripheries.” Through the example of The Agency, we propose an alternative to hegemonic ways of understanding social innovation, one based on the Latin American concept of tecnologia social, which embodies a decolonial view. We make three contributions to the social innovation literature, thereby enriching the North-South debate. First, we illustrate a process of sociotechnical reconfiguration—an interplay of methodological tools, artifacts and discourses—which is central to the conception and implementation of a tecnologia social. Second, we show how a tecnologia social operates through a cumulative layering process of decolonizing the imaginary, challenging the colonial relationship between center/periphery and positioning deprived young people as actors who reinvent their repertoires and territories. Third, we introduce a debate linking the anthropophagic approach to epistemic justice, a valued theme in decolonial thinking. In doing so, this article contributes to the literature by proposing applicable and positive outcomes to critical and decolonizing thinking.
Numerical evaluation of tire chips–filled trench barriers for effective vibration isolation
Authors: Tandon Kavita , Kumar Devendra , Ayothiraman Ramanathan , Manna Bappaditya , Ramana GV
Published: September 2022

Ground vibrations induced by man-made sources like vibrating machinery, vehicular movement, traffic, construction activities involving pile driving, blasting, dynamic compaction, etc., are rising rapidly and may disrupt nearby sensitive equipment, distress, and damage sub-structures. Therefore, vibration isolation is necessary to mitigate ground-borne vibrations with suitable techniques in the present-day context. Trench barriers are one of the most efficient techniques when the other isolation techniques are inefficient at the source. Although the open trench barriers are the most efficient, their stability is still a significant concern. Hence, these trenches are generally filled with suitable absorbing materials such as sawdust, geofoam, and concrete. The present study has attempted to explore the feasibility of using shredded tire chips as an infill material by evaluating their performance using the finite element method. The performance of tire chips–filled trench barriers predicted using FE analysis is also compared with the performance of other common infill materials such as sawdust and geofoam. Numerical studies show that the vibration isolation efficiency and their performance are highly sensitive to the shear wave velocity of the soil and infill material density for infill trenches. The key findings of the study suggest that shredded tire chips can also be used as an infill material in trenches for reducing ground-borne vibrations, and its performance is comparable with geofoam-filled trenches.
Examining the Literacy Abilities of Young People With Language Difficulties Who Are Serving Community Orders Within the Youth Justice Service
Authors: Hopkins Thomas , Clegg Judy
Published: September 2022

Language and literacy difficulties are prevalent in young people involved in youth justice services (YJS). Given the known importance of language for literacy development, few studies have examined the literacy abilities of young people involved in YJS who have language difficulties. The writing abilities of this population have yet to be examined despite their importance for participation in restorative justice. This study examined the word reading, spelling, reading comprehension and expository writing abilities of 48 young people aged between 12 and 18 years involved in YJS who were on community orders and identified as having language difficulties. The young people scored −1SD below all subtest norms and displayed extremely low abilities on the writing subtest. Young people known to YJS should be screened for potential language and literacy difficulties to support their access to interventions aimed at reducing recidivism.
I’m Trying to Save My Family: Parent Experiences of Child Criminal Exploitation
Authors: Maxwell Nina
Published: September 2022

Despite growing awareness of child criminal exploitation, there is a dearth of evidence relating to parent views and experiences. This article presents interview findings from parents with lived experience of parenting a criminally exploited child. Early warning signs, such as behaviour changes, disengagement from school and child disappearances, were often rationalised in response to family circumstances or normal teenage development. Not knowing the child’s whereabouts, increased missing episodes and disengagement from the family prompted parents to seek help. Findings highlighted the need for parent involvement in the development of suitable responses at the individual, local and national levels.
Structural damage quantification in shear buildings using mode shape slope ratio
Authors: Roy Koushik
Published: September 2022

Mode shape-based techniques are very popular among researchers since the last two decades and varying levels of success have been achieved towards identifying damage using structural mode shapes. This study presents a novel formulation to establish the expression of damage severity in the form of mode shape slope. The derived closed-form solution directly correlates the percentage damage intensity with the derivatives of the changes in mode shapes in shear buildings, the most common class of civil structures. Numerical experimentation involving a 16-storey two-dimensional shear building has been performed to show the applicability of the proposition in damage quantification. First three mode shapes are used for this purpose. A detailed parametric study comprising of location as well as noise sensitivity has also been carried out to test the robustness of the proposition. Further, the derived expression has been applied to quantify damages in multiple locations. A relatively shorter structure of eight-storey shear building has also been considered to check the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in structural damage quantification. However, if any mode depicts a very low slope value at the damage location, that particular mode could not be used for damage quantification. Finally, an extensive experimental program on a three-dimensional six-storey miniature model of a shear building ensures its practical applicability under real measurement condition in a laboratory environment. Therefore, this novel mode shape slope-based damage quantification technique can be widely applicable to be appropriate for various circumstances.
Recognizing and Managing Performance Anxiety in First-Year Supervised Pastoral Education (SPE) Students: Description, Causes and Remedies
Authors: Isgandarova Nazila , O’Connor Thomas St. James , Kane Rhonda
Published: September 2022

Describes the nature of performance anxiety that can appear in students doing their first clinical placement in Supervised Pastoral Education 1 in the Canadian Association of Spiritual Care. Explores origins of performance anxiety drawing on research, the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-5, theology of Paul Tillich and supervisory experiences of authors. Examines Canadian contextual factors like COVID-19, culture and multi-faith. Offers ways students might manage anxiety with help from supervisors and peers.
The Impact of Lifestyle on Sperm Function, Telomere Length, and IVF Outcomes
Authors: Sharqawi Moamina , Hantisteanu Shay , Bilgory Asaf , Aslih Nardin , Shibli Abu Raya Yasmin , Atzmon Yuval , Estrada Daniela , Limonad Ofer , Meisel-Sharon Shilhav , Shalom-Paz Einat
Published: September 2022

Many risk factors can potentially influence sperm quality. Telomeres confer stability on the chromosome and their dysfunction has been implicated in conditions such as cancer, aging, and lifestyle. The impact of lifestyle on sperm cell telomeres is unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of lifestyle behaviors on telomere length in sperm and to follow the correlation with pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this prospective observational study, sperm was analyzed for telomere length (TL). Men were asked to report lifestyle behaviors including occupation (physical or sedentary), smoking duration and amount, physical activity, dietary habits, and where they keep their cellular phone (bag, pants, or shirt pocket). Correlations among semen analysis, TL, men’s habits, and embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. Among 34 patients recruited, 12 had longer TL and 13 shorter TL. Sperm motility was negatively correlated with TL (Pearson correlation = −.588, p = .002). Smoking adversely affected native sperm motility (53% motility in nonsmokers vs. 37% in smokers; p = .006). However, there was no significant impact on TL. The group with longer telomeres demonstrated significant association with healthy diet (10/12 vs. 6/13; p = .05) and a trend toward more sports activity, weekly (16/84 vs. 7/91; p = .04) compared with the shorter telomeres group. This study suggests that lifestyle, healthy diet, and sports activity are associated with long telomeres in sperm. Sperm quality is also influenced by patients’ habits. The study strongly recommends maintaining a healthy lifestyle to preserve general health and fertility.
Economic Pressure and Intention to Complete Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Among U.S. Men
Authors: Korous Kevin M. , Farr Deeonna E. , Brooks Ellen , Tuuhetaufa Fa , Rogers Charles R.
Published: September 2022

Although men’s lives can be saved by colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, its utilization remains below national averages among men from low-income households. However, income has not been consistently linked to men’s CRC screening intent. This study tested the hypothesis that men who perceive more economic pressure would have lower CRC screening intent. Cross-sectional data were collected via an online survey in February 2022. Men (aged 45–75 years) living in the U.S. ( N = 499) reported their CRC screening intent (outcome) and their perception of their economic circumstances (predictors). Adjusted binary and ordinal logistic analyses were conducted. All analyses were conducted in March 2022. Men who perceived greater difficulty paying bills or affording the type of clothing or medical care they needed (i.e., economic strain) were less likely to have CRC screening intent (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.93). This association was no longer significant when prior screening behavior was accounted for (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.52, 1.10). Contrary to our hypothesis, men who reported more financial cutbacks were more likely to report wanting to be screened for CRC within the next year (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.11). This is one of the first studies to demonstrate that men’s perceptions of their economic circumstances play a role in their intent to complete early-detection screening for CRC. Future research should consider men’s perceptions of their economic situation in addition to their annual income when aiming to close the gap between intent and CRC screening uptake.
Thoracic endovascular repair for blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury: Long-term results
Authors: Minici Roberto , Serra Raffaele , Ierardi Anna Maria , Petullà Maria , Bracale Umberto M , Carrafiello Gianpaolo , Laganà Domenico
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the endoprosthesis complications in patients undergoing TEVAR for blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury, through long-term clinical and diagnostic follow-up.

Methods

During the study interval (November 2000–October 2020), a total of 38 patients (63% male; average age 37.5 years) with thoracic aortic injury underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Patients underwent routine follow-up with clinical examination and radiological evaluation (CT-angiography or MRI-angiography plus chest radiograph), scheduled at 1 month, at 6 months (only in the cases of thoracic aortic dissection), at 1 year after the procedure and every 1 year thereafter.

Results

Technical success was achieved in 38 procedures (100%). The TEVAR-related mortality rate was 0%. No immediate major complications related to the endovascular procedure were observed. The median duration of diagnostic follow-up was 80 months. A total of four procedure-related complications (10.5%) were identified at the follow-up. Three (7.9%) distal infoldings and collapses of the thoracic endoprosthesis and one (2.6%) type Ia endoleak were observed. No thrombosis of the prosthesis, nor signs of aortic pseudocoarctation were identified. No further complications related to endograft (endoleaks, infections, rupture, partial or complete thrombosis) occurred. No changes in the native aorta, stenosis, or increases in the endograft’s diameters were observed. A total of 20 patients (52.6%) underwent MRI-angiography examinations, while a total of 34 patients (89.5%) underwent chest radiographs at the follow-up. In all cases, CT-angiography examinations were performed at the follow-up.

Conclusions

Procedure-related complications were observed within one year of TEVAR, limiting concerns related to the durability of the prosthesis. No morphological changes in the aorta were observed despite long-term follow-up. The consequences of lifelong surveillance in terms of radiation exposure deserve special consideration, especially in younger patients treated for TAI.
Differential effects of familiarity and emotional expression of musical cues on autobiographical memory properties
Authors: Jakubowski Kelly , Francini Emma
Published: September 2022

Features of visual cues, such as their familiarity and emotionality, influence the quantity and qualities of the autobiographical memories they evoke. Despite increasing use in autobiographical memory research, comparatively little is known about how such features of musical cues influence memory properties. In a repeated-measures design, we presented 24 musical cues selected to vary on their familiarity (high/low), emotional valence (positive/negative), and emotional arousal (high/low) to 100 young adults, who recorded details of any autobiographical memories that were evoked. Familiarity of the music primarily impacted memory accessibility, with high-familiarity music evoking more memories that were retrieved more quickly. More familiar music also elicited more positive and arousing memories; however, these differences were found to be attributed to greater liking of the high-familiarity music. The emotional expression of the music impacted the emotionality and evaluation of the memories, with negative valence/low-arousal (e.g., “sad”) music evoking the most negative memories, high-arousal and positively valenced music evoking more arousing memories, and low-arousal music evoking memories rated as more important. These results provide important insights for developing effective paradigms for triggering (particular types of) autobiographical memories via music and highlight the need to critically consider potential differences in cue familiarity and emotionality in studies comparing musical with non-musical cues. Future research should extend this approach to other cue types (e.g., visual, olfactory, other auditory cues), to probe how familiarity and emotional qualities of cues conjunctively or interactively constrain autobiographical memory recall across different domains.
Diasporic memory practice on the Internet: Remembering lost homelands
Authors: Clarke David , Parish Nina , Winfield Polly , Lecrivain Ani
Published: September 2022

This article examines the work of two diasporic memory organizations, Kresy-Siberia and Houshamadyan, which have both developed Internet platforms to collect and share information about lost homelands: in the former case, the pre-Second World War eastern borderlands of Poland; in the latter, the Armenian communities of the Ottoman Empire that were destroyed by genocide. The article draws on interviews undertaken with participants in order to examine the activism of these two diasporic memory groups and to analyse the relationship between memory practice and the online space. The article asks what difference the creation of an online platform makes to such groups, both for individuals and for the wider diaspora, and seeks to understand how the possibilities offered by these platforms shape diasporic practice. The article shows how, despite the apparent similarities between the online presences of these two organizations, their use of the Internet facilitates diverse forms of memory practice, which are influenced by the historically specific needs of participants in these different diasporic communities.
Collective Stressors Affect the Psychosocial Development of Young Adults
Authors: Bühler Janina Larissa , Hopwood Christopher J. , Nissen Adam , Bleidorn Wiebke
Published: September 2022

Young adulthood is a critical developmental life stage and a period of enhanced vulnerability to stress. In 2020, young adults in Northern California were faced with a series of unforeseen, collective stressors: the COVID-19 pandemic, extreme wildfires, social tension associated with the murder of George Floyd, and a contentious election that culminated in an attack on the nation’s capital. In a natural experiment, we compared the psychosocial development of 415 young adults across 8 monthly assessment waves during 2020 to a control cohort ( n = 465) who completed the same assessment protocol in 2019, prior to the onset of stressors. Results of latent growth curve models indicated that the 2020 cohort had less adaptive trajectories of affective well-being and lower levels and less adaptive trajectories of social functioning, suggesting detrimental effects of cumulative, collective stressors on the socio-emotional development of young adults.
Research and application of tongue and face diagnosis based on deep learning
Authors: Feng Li , Huang Zong Hai , Zhong Yan Mei , Xiao WenKe , Wen Chuan Biao , Song Hai Bei , Guo Jin Hong
Published: September 2022

Objective

To explore the technical research and application characteristics of deep learning in tongue-facial diagnosis.

Methods

Through summarizing the merits and demerits of current image processing techniques used in the traditional medical tongue and face diagnosis, the research status of deep learning in tongue image preprocessing, segmentation, and classification was analyzed and reviewed, and the algorithm was compared and verified with the real tongue and face image. Images of the face and tongue used for diagnosis in conventional medicine were systematically reviewed, from acquisition and pre-processing to segmentation, classification, algorithm comparison, result from analysis, and application.

Results

Deep learning improved the speed and accuracy of tongue and face diagnostic image data processing. Among them, the average intersection ratio of U-net and Seg-net models exceeded 0.98, and the segmentation speed ranged from 54 to 58 ms.

Conclusion

There is no unified standard for lingual-facial diagnosis objectification in terms of image acquisition conditions and image processing methods, thus further research is indispensable. It is feasible to use the images acquired by mobile in the field of medical image analysis by reducing the influence of environmental and other factors on the quality of lingual-facial diagnosis images and improving the efficiency of image processing.
Reflections about handling interview data from third countries at European universities: Collaboration opportunities and/or risky business for participants and researchers?
Authors: Glasdam Stinne , Xu Hongxuan , Stjernswärd Sigrid
Published: September 2022

Through reflections about a case study concerning an unfeasible, planned research study on nurses’ working days during the COVID-19 pandemic, the article aims to describe and discuss legal and ethical challenges when conducting European-based research together with nurses in third countries. The article highlights how the General Data Protection Regulation challenges EU and non-EU research collaborations and research across borders in healthcare research. Digitally recorded interview data can be traced, putting both research participants and researchers at risk in relation to confidentiality, safety and potential critical views by national regimes. This raises ethical claims for research collaborations between EU and third countries and hampers the possibilities to make silent voices discernible through research. It is a questionable solution both to collaborate and not to collaborate with third countries such as China. Further reflections on the ways forward to facilitate research collaboration between EU and third countries are needed.
“Most Officers are More or Less Colorblind”: Police Officers' Reflections on the Role of Race and Ethnicity in Policing
Authors: Kammersgaard Tobias , Søgaard Thomas Friis , Kolind Torsten , Hunt Geoffrey
Published: September 2022

Several studies worldwide have demonstrated that ethnic minorities are more likely to be stopped, questioned and searched by the police. In this paper, we explore how police officers themselves discuss and make sense of ethnic disparities in police stops. Based on interviews with 25 police officers in two police precincts in Denmark the paper illustrates how officers actively reflect on the (un)importance of ethnicity for policing. Findings point to how the officers both rejected that ethnicity directly mattered for who they chose to stop, as well as how they offered alternative and indirect explanations for why ethnic minorities were stopped more often.
Covid-19 Outcomes Among US Veterans
Authors: Tsay Jun-Chieh J. , Smith Robert L.
Published: September 2022

Comparing Covid-19 mortality among the U.S. population overall with mortality among Veterans Affairs patients and U.S. military patients.
Plain Tales from the Hills and Epistles: Kipling’s Public Health Concerns in Colonial India
Authors: Chetan
Published: September 2022

The article studies Kipling’s career early writings, including personal letters, newspaper articles and short stories to show the impact of the Indian climate, topography, inadequate medical facilities and diseases on the British and natives. Irrespective of age, race and ethnicity, Kipling remains sensitive toward the affliction of people. The article also reveals that cholera was orientalised and stigmatised in the West owing to ideological, cultural and racial biases against India. The country earns the reputation of the home of diseases and beasts extensively popularised through newspapers, magazines, fiction and discursive writings. With the spreading of Asiatic cholera and other diseases, a substantial number of adults and children lose their lives in Europe and India. The death toll is astronomically high in the remote areas of India in the absence of medical facilities and unmediated administrative and military policies.
Saved by the PEEP: Resolution of Complete Unilateral Lung Collapse Secondary to Mucus Plugging With Ventilator Technique
Authors: Ogbuka Ifeoma , Avera Stephen , Ivonye Chinedu , Henriques King Marshaleen
Published: September 2022

Bronchoscopy can be used to resolve respiratory failure caused by tenacious mucus plugs. However, emergent bronchoscopy to resolve mucus plugging is not always available in small rural hospitals around the country. We present a case in which increasing the positive end-expiratory pressure settings on the ventilator resulted in immediate improvement in patient oxygenation and imaging findings during a respiratory emergency caused by mucus plugging.
Effect of Soft Tissue Interposition and Postoperative Suspensory Cortical Button Migration on Functional Outcomes and Ligamentization After Single-Bundle ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Özbek Emre Anıl , Kocaoğlu Hakan , Karaca Mustafa Onur , Terzi Mustafa Mert , Dursun Merve , Akmeşe Ramazan
Published: September 2022

Background:

Soft tissue interposition between a suspensory cortical button and the lateral femoral condyle is the most common cause of postoperative suspensory cortical button migration in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Purpose:

To investigate the effects of soft tissue interposition and suspensory cortical button migration after ACLR on functional outcomes and graft ligamentization.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Included were 249 patients who underwent single-bundle ACLR with hamstring tendon autografts. To measure soft tissue imposition, the patients were divided into 2 groups: those in whom the suspensory cortical button was in contact with (group 1) or at least 1 mm away from (group 2) the lateral femoral condyle on 1-day postoperative radiographs. To measure suspensory cortical button migration, the patients in group 2 were further divided into 2 subgroups: those with button migration (group M) and those without migration (group non-M) as observed on 12-month postoperative radiographs. Ligamentization was evaluated according to Howell classification (grades 1-4) on 12-month follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scans. Also recorded were preoperative and 24-month postoperative Lysholm and Tegner scores and 24-month postoperative arthrometer measurements for anterior knee laxity.

Results:

There was no significant difference between groups 1 and 2 or between groups M and non-M in terms of demographic characteristics or additional intra-articular pathologies detected intraoperatively. Normal anterior laxity (<3 mm) was detected in 83.7% of the patients postoperatively, and all patients showed statistically significant pre- to postoperative improvement on the Tegner (from 4.1 to 4.3) and Lysholm (from 44.0 to 89.2) scores ( P < .05 for both). No significant difference in postoperative functional results or graft ligamentization was found between either the soft tissue interposition groups (groups 1 and 2) or the suspensory cortical button migration groups (groups M and non-M).

Conclusion:

Differences between patients in soft tissue interposition and suspensory cortical button migration did not significantly affect postoperative clinical or functional outcomes or graft ligamentization after single-bundle ACLR.
Association of Preexisting Mental Health Conditions With Increased Initial Symptom Count and Severity Score on SCAT5 When Assessing Concussion
Authors: Schulze Kathryn J. , Robinson Michael , MacKenzie Heather M. , Dickey James P.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and learning disabilities, are associated with symptoms that can overlap with those seen in persons with concussion. While concussion screening tools such as the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool–5th Edition (SCAT5) quantify the number of symptoms and symptom severity, it is not known whether these outcomes differ among individuals with concurrent mental health conditions compared with those without them.

Purpose:

To determine whether, during initial concussion assessment, individuals with a self-reported mental health condition have a significantly different number of self-reported concussion symptoms or symptom severity compared with those without a self-reported mental health condition (controls).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed on consecutive patients aged ≥13 years who underwent post-concussion assessment at the Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic between May 2018 and March 2020 (N = 765). Most participants did not self-report a mental health condition (n = 606; 79.2%). Participants with a self-reported mental health condition (n = 159) were classified as having a learning disability (n = 14; 8.8%), anxiety (n = 62; 39.0%), depression (n = 20; 12.6%), or multiple conditions (≥2 conditions: n = 63; 39.6%). Each participant with a mental health condition was matched with 2 control participants (overall pool, n = 318) based on age, sex, student status, and sport-related risk. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine the statistical significance of differences between each subgroup and their matched controls for the self-reported number of concussion symptoms and symptom severity as measured using the SCAT5.

Results:

The anxiety and multiple-conditions subgroups had a significantly greater number of reported symptoms than their corresponding control subgroups (median, 17 vs 15 [ P = .004] and 18 vs 14.5 [ P < .001], respectively). Additionally, the SCAT5 symptom severity score was significantly greater in the anxiety and multiple-conditions subgroups than their corresponding controls (median, 49 vs 34.5 [ P = .018] and 62 vs 32 [ P < .001], respectively).

Conclusion:

During initial concussion assessment, both the number of concussion-related symptoms and the symptom severity were greater in study participants with anxiety and multiple mental health conditions than participants without these conditions.
Self-Reported Sleeping Time Effects on Physical Performance and Body Composition Among Spanish Older Adults: EXERNET-Elder 3.0 study
Authors: Gesteiro Eva , Aparicio-Ugarriza Raquel , García-Centeno María del Carmen , Escobar-Toledo David , Mañas Asier , Pérez-Gómez Jorge , Gusi Narcís , Gómez-Cabello Alba , Ara Ignacio , Casajús Jose A. , Vicente-Rodríguez Germán , González-Gross Marcela
Published: September 2022

Objective: To determine the link between physical fitness and body composition with nocturnal and nap time in Spanish older adults. Methods: Eight hundred thirty older adults underwent several tests. Sleep was measured using Jenkins Sleep Scale. Nocturnal sleep was categorized (<7, 7–9, and >9 hours), and nap time (no nap, 1–30 minutes, and >30 minutes).Physical fitness was evaluated using validated tests, and body composition by electric bioimpedance. Results: 75.1% of participants were female, mean age 77.7 ± 5.1 years. Mean nocturnal sleep and nap time was 6.7 hours and 23.3 minutes, respectively. Models showed nocturnal sleep >9 hours was significant and positively associated with body shape index (Odds ratio[ OR] = 4.07 ( p = .011)) and waist circumference OR = 1.04 ( p = .024) in females. Males’ waist and hip circumference were positively significantly related to nap time between 1 and 30 minutes, OR = 1.08, p = .009 and OR = 1.08, p = .048, respectively. In females, nap time >30 minutes was associated with greater fat mass and body shape index OR = 1.22, p = .032 and OR = 3.95, p = .027, respectively. Physical fitness showed no associations with sleep outcomes. Conclusions: Sleep patterns do not influence physical fitness but body composition, being more related to female body composition as nocturnal and nap sleep were associated with higher fat mass, waist circumference and body shape index, while only short nap times were related to higher waist and hip circumference in males.
Sociodemographic Changes and Oral Health Inequities: Dental Workforce Considerations
Authors: Inglehart M.R. , Albino J. , Feine J.S. , Okunseri C.
Published: September 2022

Background:

By midcentury, the US population will be remarkably more racially and ethnically diverse, with a dramatic increase in the proportion of older adults. This report addresses ongoing oral health disparities and inequitable access to care related to these changes, with emphasis on implications for the workforce, taking note of effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Relevant Considerations:

Considering that social determinants shape health behaviors, reflection on the most effective type of dental workforce should take into account population characteristics and the relationship of oral health with overall health and general well-being. The dental workforce composition will need to mirror changing demographics, and effective dental health teams will be characterized by cultural competence, humility, readiness, and capacity to adapt to changes. In addition, the influence of social histories and the pandemic on health and dental care utilization is important. Equally important are the inclusion of oral health literacy in treatment planning and disease prevention, as well as oral health–related quality of life in considering outcomes of care. Providing patient-centered care for a diverse population requires tailored treatment modalities, as well as intra- and interprofessional approaches. In this way, the whole person can be cared for, including those with special health care needs, whether related to chronic disease, mental health conditions, or behavioral, physical, and social differences.

Conclusions:

Changing demographics will affect the delivery of oral health care, including who can best provide care and how, what the needs are, and in what ways prevention and treatment can most effectively be accomplished. The education of dentists must address unmet population needs, including for those with special health care concerns and older adults. These population groups are influenced by a variety of social determinants, and provision of services may need to occur in alternative care delivery settings. Identifying and addressing the needs of every patient within this broad array of new requirements will challenge dental professionals to redefine what it means to be a health care practitioner.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

This article describes how sociodemographic changes in the United States will challenge the dental workforce in new ways and points to research and practice needs to address these challenges. Oral health disparities and the changing oral health care needs of patients from diverse and underserved groups are discussed, with a focus on the implications for delivery of care and policies that are needed to improve oral health outcomes for all.