bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography and Molecular Epidemiology of an Epidemic Strain of Dengue Virus Type 1 in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ocwieja Karen E. , Fernando Anira N. , Sherrill-Mix Scott , Sundararaman Sesh A. , Tennekoon Rashika N. , Tippalagama Rashmi , Krishnananthasivam Shivankari , Premawansa Gayani , Premawansa Sunil , De Silva Aruna Dharshan
Published: May 2014

In 2009, a severe epidemic of dengue disease occurred in Sri Lanka, with higher mortality and morbidity than any previously recorded epidemic in the country. It corresponded to a shift to dengue virus 1 as the major disease-causing serotype in Sri Lanka. Dengue disease reached epidemic levels in the next 3 years. We report phylogenetic evidence that the 2009 epidemic DENV-1 strain continued to circulate within the population and caused severe disease in the epidemic of 2012. Bayesian phylogeographic analyses suggest that the 2009 Sri Lankan epidemic DENV-1 strain may have traveled directly or indirectly from Thailand through China to Sri Lanka, and after spreading within the Sri Lankan population, it traveled to Pakistan and Singapore. Our findings delineate the dissemination route of a virulent DENV-1 strain in Asia. Understanding such routes will be of particular importance to global control efforts.
A Door-to-Door Survey of Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius) Infestations in Row Homes in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Authors: Wu Yage , Tracy Dylan M. , Barbarin Alexis M. , Barbu Corentin M. , Levy Michael Z.
Published: May 2014

We conducted a door-to-door survey in a residential census tract of Philadelphia to estimate the prevalence and spatial patterns of recent bed bug infestations. We interviewed 596 residents, of whom 66 (11.1%) reported recent bed bug infestations. We confirmed current infestations in a subset of 15 (68.2%) of 22 inspected households. Most residents reported that their infestation began within the past year (2012–2013). We found no correlation between property value and infestation status. Spatial analyses showed significant clustering of bed bug infestations only at fine scales, suggesting limited active dispersal of the insects. Residents used a large variety of treatment methods to eliminate bed bugs, but only 48.1% reported success. Our results provide a prevalence estimate of recent bed bug infestations and highlight the importance of passive rather than active dispersal of bed bugs even among dense urban row homes.
LA ESTRUCTURA DEL RODAL Y LA FUNCIÓN ECOLÓGICA DEL ARBOLADO EN EL PARQUE CIRCUNDANTE DE HEFEI, PROVINCIA DE ANHUI, CHINA
Authors: Jianan Wang , Zemin Wu , Yuan Wang , Hui Liu
Published: May 2014

El Parque Circundante de la ciudad de Hefei tiene características típicas de bosque urbano. En este investigación se utilizan métodos de ecología de la vegetación para analizar la estructura de la comunidad del parque. La composición de especies, la distribución de alturas de los árboles y el DAP (diámetro a la altura del pecho) fueron descritos. Existen 27,662 árboles en el área de estudio, la cual tiene un área de bosque urbano de 42.5 hm2. El DAP promedio fue de 19.2 cm, la densidad en pie fue de 651 árboles·hm2 y el área basal promedio fue de 20.8 m2·hm-2. Con base en la evaluación, los árboles en el parque cuentan con buena salud, pues representaron 53.4 % del total del bosque urbano. Las estructuras de la comunidad fueron analizadas a través del cálculo del índice de crecimiento de los árboles y la correlación de asociación de las especies componentes en el parque. Los resultados muestran que las estructuras de la comunidad en el parque son complejas; existen 22 pares de especies con asociación positiva y, en las siguientes comunidades, los individuos tienen buen crecimiento y son más estables, incluyendo principalmente Platycladus orientalis-Prunus cerasifera f. atropurpurea-Osmanthus fragrans, Robinia pseudoacacia-Ligustrum lucidum, R. pseudoacacia-Ginkgo biloba-Photinia serrulata, Populus canadensis-L. lucidum-O. fragrans, Sophora japonica-L. lucidum-Buxus sinica, Cyclobalanopsis glauca-Distylium racemosum.
DESARROLLO DE PLÁNTULAS DE HUIZACHE (Acacia farnesiana) EN SUSTRATOS CON VERMICOMPOST
Authors: Moreno-Reséndez Alejandro , Solís-Morales Guadalupe , Blanco-Contreras Eduardo , Vásquez-Arroyo Jesús , Guzmán-Cedillo Luz M. P. , Rodríguez-Dimas Norma , Figueroa-Viramontes Uriel
Published: May 2014

Se estudió el efecto del vermicompost, como parte del sustrato de crecimiento, sobre el desarrollo de plántulas de huizache (Acacia farnesiana) colocadas bajo un sombreador rústico construido a base de carrizo, durante un periodo de 240 días. Se evaluaron cinco mezclas de vermicompostarena con proporciones: 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 y 50:50 (% volumen) y como testigo se utilizó suelo natural de la zona donde los huizaches se desarrollan. Las semillas para producir las plántulas se obtuvieron de la zona donde se desarrollan los huizaches. Los tratamientos se repitieron 30 veces y de cada uno se cosecharon cinco plántulas para evaluar la altura, diámetro de tallo, número de ramificaciones, peso fresco y peso seco. El efecto de los tratamientos se determinó mediante un diseño completamente al azar y se aplicó la prueba de comparación de medias DMS(5 %). El desarrollo del huizache en los diferentes sustratos no fue uniforme. Las variables presentaron las respuestas más sobresalientes con la mezcla vermicompost-arena 10:90, por lo que se puede concluir que el vermicompost, en baja concentración, favoreció el desarrollo de A. farnesiana.
CONTENIDO MINERAL Y DE CLOROFILA DE LA HEMIPARÁSITA Psittacanthus calyculatus (DC) G. Don Y DE CUATRO DE SUS ÁRBOLES HOSPEDEROS
Authors: Raya-Pérez J. Carlos , Ramírez-Pimentel J. Gabriel , Covarrubias-Prieto Jorge , Acevedo-Lara Bryan , Aguirre-Mancilla César
Published: May 2014

Se colectaron hojas de la planta hemiparásita Psittacanthus calyculatus y de sus árboles hospederos Salix taxifolia, Ulmus divaricate, Fraxinus uhdei y Prosopis laevigata, con el objetivo de conocer y comparar los contenidos de Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, clorofila y proteína. Los análisis se realizaron con un microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM) equipado con una sonda dispersiva de rayos X (EDS). Los resultados mostraron que la hemiparásita acumuló más K (al menos dos veces más) que sus hospederos, lo que indica que usa un mecanismo activo para lograr esta acumulación. De acuerdo con el análisis estadístico (P = 0.05), U. divaricate es la especie que acumula más S, Si y Ca. El contenido de Mg también fue mayor en U. divaricate, pero fue estadísticamente similar (P = 0.05) que en la hemiparásita. El contenido de P fue similar (P = 0.05) tanto en P. calyculatus como en sus hospederos. Fraxinus uhdei acumuló más C que el resto de las especies. El contenido de clorofila fue mayor en F. uhdei y S. taxifolia, mientras que P. laevigata tuvo el contenido más bajo. Las hojas de P. calyculatus tuvieron alto contenido de proteína (21 %).
A case study of sea breeze blocking regulated by sea surface temperature along the English south coast
Authors: Sweeney J. K. , Chagnon J. M. , Gray S. L.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The sensitivity of sea breeze structure to sea surface temperature (SST) and coastal orography is investigated in convection-permitting Met Office Unified Model simulations of a case study along the south coast of England. Changes in SST of 1 K are shown to significantly modify the structure of the sea breeze immediately offshore. On the day of the case study, the sea breeze was partially blocked by coastal orography, particularly within Lyme Bay. The extent to which the flow is blocked depends strongly on the static stability of the marine boundary layer. In experiments with colder SST, the marine boundary layer is more stable, and the degree of blocking is more pronounced. Although a colder SST would also imply a larger land–sea temperature contrast and hence a stronger onshore wind – an effect which alone would discourage blocking – the increased static stability exerts a dominant control over whether blocking takes place. The implications of prescribing fixed SST from climatology in numerical weather prediction model forecasts of the sea breeze are discussed.
High resolution modelling of wind fields for optimization of empirical storm flood predictions
Authors: Brecht B. , Frank H.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. High resolution wind fields are necessary to predict the occurrence of storm flood events and their magnitude. Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) created a catalogue of detailed wind fields of 39 historical storms at the German North Sea coast from the years 1962 to 2011. The catalogue is used by the Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Wasser-, Küsten- und Naturschutz (NLWKN) coastal research center to improve their flood alert service. The computation of wind fields and other meteorological parameters is based on the model chain of the DWD going from the global model GME via the limited-area model COSMO with 7 km mesh size down to a COSMO model with 2.2 km. To obtain an improved analysis COSMO runs are nudged against observations for the historical storms. The global model GME is initialised from the ERA reanalysis data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). As expected, we got better congruency with observations of the model for the nudging runs than the normal forecast runs for most storms. We also found during the verification process that different land use data sets could influence the results considerably.
Revisiting the CO2 "source" problem in upwelling areas – a comparative study on eddy upwellings in the South China Sea
Authors: Jiao N. , Zhang Y. , Zhou K. , Li Q. , Dai M. , Liu J. , Guo J. , Huang B.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The causes for a productive upwelling region to be a source of CO2 are usually referred to the excess CO2 supplied via upwelling of high dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from deep water. Furthermore, we hypothesize that microbial activity plays a significant role on top of that. To test this hypothesis, multiple biogeochemical parameters were investigated at two cyclonic-eddy-induced upwelling sites, CE1 and CE2, in the western South China Sea. The data showed that upwelling can exert significant influences on biological activities in the euphotic zone and can also impact on particulate organic carbon (POC) export flux depending on upwelling conditions, such as the magnitude, timing, and duration of nutrient input and consequent microbial activities. At CE2, the increase of phytoplankton biomass caused by the upwelled nutrients resulted in increase of POC export flux compared to non-eddy reference sites, while at CE1 the microbial respiration of organic carbon stimulated by the upwelled nutrients significantly contributed to the attenuation of POC export flux. These results suggest that on top of upwelled DIC, microbial activities stimulated by upwelled nutrients and labile organic carbon produced by phytoplankton can play a critical role for an upwelling area to be outgassing or uptaking CO2. We point out that even though an upwelling region is outgassing CO2, carbon sequestration still takes place through the POC-based biological pump as well as the refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC)-based microbial carbon pump.
Exploring drought vulnerability in Africa: an indicator based analysis to be used in early warning systems
Authors: Naumann G. , Barbosa P. , Garrote L. , Iglesias A. , Vogt J.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. We propose a composite drought vulnerability indicator (DVI) that reflects different aspects of drought vulnerability evaluated at Pan-African level for four components: the renewable natural capital, the economic capacity, the human and civic resources, and the infrastructure and technology. The selection of variables and weights reflects the assumption that a society with institutional capacity and coordination, as well as with mechanisms for public participation, is less vulnerable to drought; furthermore, we consider that agriculture is only one of the many sectors affected by drought. The quality and accuracy of a composite indicator depends on the theoretical framework, on the data collection and quality, and on how the different components are aggregated. This kind of approach can lead to some degree of scepticism; to overcome this problem a sensitivity analysis was done in order to measure the degree of uncertainty associated with the construction of the composite indicator. Although the proposed drought vulnerability indicator relies on a number of theoretical assumptions and some degree of subjectivity, the sensitivity analysis showed that it is a robust indicator and hence able of representing the complex processes that lead to drought vulnerability. According to the DVI computed at country level, the African countries classified with higher relative vulnerability are Somalia, Burundi, Niger, Ethiopia, Mali and Chad. The analysis of the renewable natural capital component at sub-basin level shows that the basins with high to moderate drought vulnerability can be subdivided into the following geographical regions: the Mediterranean coast of Africa; the Sahel region and the Horn of Africa; the Serengeti and the Eastern Miombo woodlands in eastern Africa; the western part of the Zambezi Basin, the southeastern border of the Congo Basin, and the belt of Fynbos in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The results of the DVI at the country level were compared with drought disaster information from the EM-DAT disaster database. Even if a cause–effect relationship cannot be established between the DVI and the drought disaster database, a good agreement is observed between the drought vulnerability maps and the number of persons affected by droughts. These results are expected to contribute to the discussion on how to assess drought vulnerability and hopefully contribute to the development of drought early warning systems in Africa.
Lead concentration in meat an meat products of different origin
Authors: Lukáčová Anetta , Golian Jozef , Massanyi Peter , Formicki Grzegorz
Published: May 2014

Meat is very rich and convenient source of nutrients including also a large extent of microelements. Contamination with heavy metals is a serious threat because of their toxicity, bioaccumulation and biomagnifications in the food chain. The lead concentrations depend on the environmental conditions and the food production methods. Ingestion of contaminants, especially heavy metals, by animals causes deposition of residues in meat. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of lead in the Malokarpatska and Lovecka salami during the technological processing with comparison to the raw materials originating from domestic and foreign production. Lead content was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The starting materials in the Malokarpatska salami were found to contain the highest level of lead in the beef of foreign production (7.58 ppb), followed pork from foreign production (3.43 ppb), beef from domestic production (3.27 ppb), pork bacon from foreign production (2.41 ppb), pork from domestic production (1.63 ppb) and pork bacon from domestic production (1.57 ppb). The average concentration of lead was higher in homogenized samples with addition of additives and spices and ranged between 6.49 to 7.56 ppb. The lead concentration in final product Malokarpatska salami was in the range from 8.57 to 8.89 ppb. The highest mean Pb concentrations in the Lovecka salami in the starting materials were beef from foreign production, beef from domestic production, pork from foreign production, pork bacon from foreign production, pork from domestic production and pork bacon from domestic production (7.31, 3.77, 3.21, 2.40, 2.03, 1.97 ppb, respectively). Increasing concentration of lead was found after the addition of additives, spices and curing compounds causing a threefold increase in the concentration of lead in final products Lovecka and Malokarpatska salami. Technological process of meat processing can create a potential source of heavy metals in final products. Improvements in the food production and processing technology are increasing the chances of food contamination with various environmental pollutants, especially heavy metals.
Immunofluorescent determination of wheat protein in meat products
Authors: Petrášová Michaela , Zichová Eliška , Pospiech Matej , Bohuslava Tremlová Bohuslava
Published: May 2014

In food industry nowadays, there are various plant-origin protein additives which are meant for production of meat products. Among the most frequent additives of this type there are different kinds of flour, starch, fiber, and plant-origin proteins. Their usage at present is limited by the existing legislation not to prevent consumer deception but also for reasons of possible influence on consumer health. Therefore, this problem is paid a lot of attention not only in the Czech Republic but also all over the world. The main risk is seen in the impossibility to choose a suitable foodstuff for an individual prone to allergic reactions. Potential allergens are also often plant-origin raw materials which are added into foodstuffs for their technological qualities and low price. Wheat is widely cultivated cereal as well as an important source of proteins. After ingestion or inhalation, wheat proteins may cause adverse reactions. These adverse effects include a wide range of disorders which are dependent on the method of contact with wheat protein. These adverse effects can then take the form of various clinical manifestations, such as celiac disease, T-cell mediated inflammatory bowel disease, dermatitis, skin rash, breathing difficulties, allergy to pollen or to wheat flour or food allergy to foodstuffs containing gluten. The only possible protection against adverse immune reactions for those with food allergies is strictly excluding the allergen from their diet. Although the number of studies dealing with the reduction or loss of allergenicity is increasing, yet these practices are not common. Most of the population suffering from food allergies is thus still dependent on strict exclusion of foodstuffs causing adverse allergic reactions from their diet. In order to avoid misleading consumers and also to protect allergic consumers, analytical methods applicable to all types of foodstuffs have been developed. Unfortunately, detection of allergens in foodstuffs is relatively difficult because of the fact that they occur in trace amounts and are often masked by various parts of the product. This paper deals with detection of wheat protein in meat products bought in the retail network of the Czech Republic. Ten cooked meat products, especially types of sausages and soft salami which stated wheat protein in their composition, were examined. The samples were processed using the method of immunofluorescence and stained with Texas Red fluorochrome. The presence of wheat protein was demonstrated in all the examined meat products. From the results it follows that the method of immunofluorescence is suitable for detection of wheat protein in meat products.
Goose`s eggshell strength at compressive loading
Authors: Nedomová Šárka , Buchar Jaroslav , Strnková Jana
Published: May 2014

The paper deals with the study of the goose eggs behaviour under compressive loading between two plates using testing device TIRATEST. The influences of the loading orientation as well as the effect of compressive velocity are studied. 226 eggs from Landes geese were chosen for the experiment. Eggs have been loaded between their poles and in the equator plane. Five different compressive velocities (0.0167, 0.167, 0.334, 1.67 and 5 mm.s-1) were used. The increase in rupture force with loading rate was observed for loading in all direction (along main axes). Dependence of the rupture force on loading rate was quantifies and described. The highest rupture force was obtained when the eggs were loaded along their axes of symmetry (X-axis). Compression in the equator plane (along the Z-axis) required the least compressive force to break the eggshells. The eggshell strength was described by the rupture force, specific rupture deformation and by the absorbed energy. The rupture force is highly dependent on compression speeds. The dependence of the rupture force on the compression velocity can be described by a power function. The same is valid for the rate dependence of the energy absorbed by the egg up to the fracture. The rate sensitivity of the Goose's eggshells strength is significantly higher than that reported for the hen's eggs
The effect of yucca on proliferation, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells
Authors: Štochmaľová Aneta , Kadasi Attila , Alexa Richard , Grossman Roland , Sirotkin Alexander
Published: May 2014

Yucca shidigera is a medicinal plant native to Mexico. Is a plant widely used in folk medicine to treat a variety of ailmentary disorders, but its action on reproductive processes and possible mechanisms of such action remains unknown. Yucca schidigera extract contains a number of steroidal saponins that, because of their biological activity, have attracted attention from the food industry for many years. Yucca extract is used as a natural feed additive with positive effect to microflora, digestion, metabolism and to improve animal muscle growth. Its extract has been used as a foodstuff and folk medicine to treat a wide variety of diseases for many years. Nevertheless, it remaines unknown, whether consumption of yucca can affect reproductive system. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of yucca on basic ovarian cell functions - proliferation, apoptosis and steroidogenesis. Porcine ovarian granulosa cells were cultured with and without yucca extract (added at doses 0; 1; 10 and 100 μg.mL-1 of medium). Markers of proliferation (% of PCNA-positive cells) and apoptosis (% cells containing bax) were analysed by immunocytochemistry. Release of steroid hormones (progesterone and testosterone) was measured by EIA. It was observed, that addition of yucca inhibited proliferation (expression of PCNA), increased apoptosis (expression of bax), stimulated progesterone and inhibited testosterone release. The ability of yucca to reduce ovarian cell proliferation, to promote ovarian cell apoptosis and affect steroidogenesis demonstrates the direct influence of yucca on female gonads. Furthermore, our observations suggest the multiple sites of action (proliferation, apoptosis, steroidogenesis) of yucca on porcine ovarian cell functions. It is not to be excluded, that consumption of yucca can suppress female reproductive functions.
Production of enterotoxins of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from samples of sheep milk
Authors: Zigo František , Vasiľ Milan , Elečko Juraj , Lapin Martin , Farkašova Zuzana
Published: May 2014

In our study was followed occurrence of mastitis in herd of 430 sheep of breed zoslachtena valaska with hand milking technology examined two times during one lactation season. Individual examination consisted from clinical examination of udder and microbiological examination of milk samples. By PCR was determined presence of genes coding production of enterotoxins, and by ELISA methods production individual types of enterotoxins. From individual forms of mastitis were frequently detected subacute (6.7%), subclinical (5.7%) and acute (2.9%). The coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were identified in 102 (65.4%) from all 156 positive isolates. The CNS and S. aureus caused subacute (5.1%), subclinical (3.9%) and acute (2.4%) forms of mastitis. The most frequently isolated were S. epidermidis, followed by S. chromogenes and S. xylosus from ewes with subacute and subclinical mastitis. From acute and chronical forms of mastitis were  predominantly isolated S. aureus, S. uberis and S. epidermidis. The production of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) - SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and the presence of genes sec (3), sea (2), seb (2) and sed (2) were determined in S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. schleiferi and S. chromogenes, respectively. The results suggested on the high occurrence (12.4%) of subacute and subclinical forms. Confirmed production of enterotoxins and presence of genes coding their production present a risk for human health and decreased a quality of milk and products from sheep´s milk.
Quality of Life and its Determinants in Preschool Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Weijerman M.E. , Schie P.E.M. van , Volman M.J.M. , Furth A.M. van , Gemke R.J.B.J.
Published: May 2014

Objective: Children with Down syndrome (DS) show a delay in cognitive and motor development and have various concomitant health problems. We compared Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in preschool children with DS with a reference group, and investigated child-related factors (i.e., developmental quotient, adaptive function, health problems, problem behaviour), and maternal level of education on HRQoL.
Method: In a cohort of 55 children with DS, HRQoL was measured with the TNO-AZL preschool children Quality of Life Questionnaire (TAPQoL). Data from a reference group were used for comparison. Developmental Quotient (DQ) was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II, adaptive function with the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, health problems were derived from the medical file, and behavioural problems were measured with the Child Behaviour Checklist.
Results: Children with DS (N=55; mean age 41.7 months) scored significantly lower on the TAPQoL domains lung and stomach problems, motor function and communication compared to the reference group. DQ had a significant negative correlation with the domains lung problems and liveliness. Children with DS with respiratory or gastro-intestinal problems showed significant lower scores on lung problems and communication. Problem behavior had a significant negative correlation with the domains sleeping, appetite and social function. A low level of maternal education correlated negatively with positive mood. Adaptive function and congenital heart defect (CHD) did not significantly correlate with HRQoL.
Conclusion: Preschool children with DS show a lower HRQoL on particular domains of functioning compared to a normative sample. HRQoL of children with DS is correlated to DQ, respiratory and gastro-intestinal health problems, problem behaviour and maternal education, but not to CHD and adaptive function.
Use of a Brief Screening Tool to Assess Intellectual Functioning in a Forensic Population
Authors: Donohue Andrew , Samuels Jack , Thompson Robert , Watson Clarence , Gallucci Gerard
Published: May 2014

Individuals with intellectual disability are over-represented in forensic settings, including jails, prisons and forensic psychiatric treatment units. Identification of intellectual disability is important in such settings, especially in light of the implications of intellectual disability in legal issues including competency to stand trial, criminal responsibility and capital sentencing. We examined the utility of a brief test of intelligence (PROFOKS), assessing knowledge of proverbs, fund of knowledge and similarities in a series of 29 inpatients residing in a forensic psychiatric unit. PROFOKS correlated strongly with performance on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), including the full scale, verbal and performance IQs and WASI subscales. The PROFOKS appears to be a useful screening tool in identifying intellectual disability in a forensic psychiatric population.
assignFAST: An Autosuggest based tool for FAST Subject Assignment
Authors: Bennett Rick , O'Neill Edward T. , Kammerer Kerre
Published: May 2014

Subject assignment is really a three-phase task. The first phase is intellectual—reviewing the material and determining its topic. The second phase is more mechanical, identifying the correct subject heading(s).  The final phase is retyping or cutting and pasting the heading(s) into the cataloging interface along with any diacritics, and potentially correcting formatting and subfield coding. If authority control is available in the interface, some of these tasks may be automated or partially automated.

A cataloger with a reasonable knowledge of FAST[i],[ii] or even LCSH[iii] can quickly get to the proper heading, but usually needs to confirm the final details—was it plural? Am I thinking of an alternate form? Is it inverted? Etc. This often requires consulting the full authority file interface. assignFAST is a Web service that consolidates the entire second phase of the manual process of subject assignment for FAST subjects into a single step based on autosuggest technology.

[i] Chan, Lois Mai and Edward T. O'Neill.  FAST: Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, Prnciples and Applications Libraries Unlimited, Santa Barbara, 2010.http://lu.com/showbook.cfm?isbn=9781591587224.

[ii] OCLC Research Activities associated with FAST are summarized at  http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/fast/

[iii] Chan, Lois M. Library of Congress Subject Headings : Principles and Application: Principles and Application. Westport, Conn: Libraries Unlimited, 2005.
Quel avenir pour la banque universelle? Une analyse empirique appliquée à la zone euro
Authors: Labye Agnès
Published: May 2014

Le modèle de banque universelle, caractérisé notamment par sa profitabilité en périodes de prospérité, est aujourd’hui remis en cause en raison de la contribution de certains intermédiaires financiers à l’instabilité financière.

Dans cette perspective, cet article vise d’une part à faire une présentation synthétique des principales caractéristiques du modèle de banque universelle en Europe tout en faisant ressortir des spécificités nationales et d’autre part à faire une analyse des arguments favorables et défavorables au maintien du modèle. Enfin, il propose une réflexion sur son avenir et sur les améliorations possibles à y apporter.
Utilisation of Local Inputs in the Funding and Administration of Education in Nigeria
Authors: Akiri Agharuwhe A.
Published: May 2014

The article discussed how, why and who is in charge of administering and funding schools in Nigeria. The author utilised the relevant statistical approach which examined and discussed various political and historical trends affecting education. Besides this, relevant documented statistical data were used to both buttress and substantiate related school records to make the paper clearer. The paper focused on whether or not the presence of federal, states and local governments spending on education results in dominant control. Although the administrative control of education falls on the three tiers of government, the purse has direct control over the schools. The author concluded the paper with the assertion that there is need for a shift in the style of administration and funding. This is in compliance with Nigeria's recent democratic administrative principles which should reflect democratic values. Consequently, taxpayers would have more involvement in the schools, and it can also encourage the decentralisation of the school system. Finally, it can help remove the financial burden borne by the federal government while the burden shifts to the local government level. This means that both the administration and payment for education can lie on the people at the ‘grassroots’ and also grant more power to the people.
The Migrant Effect: An Evaluation of Native Academic Performance in Qatar
Authors: Cheema Jehanzeb R.
Published: May 2014

Recent data have suggested that despite massive outlays on educational reform Qatar consistently ranks as one of the least academically proficient countries in key areas of literacy. Of the seventy-four countries that participated in PISA 2009 Qatar ranked between sixty-seven and sixty-nine in mathematics, reading and science literacy. Although this is a very dismal level of performance when compared to other countries, for the native Qatari population even these low rankings are biased upward. This study shows that a major reason for overestimation of native academic performance in Qatar is the presence of a large foreign component in the student population. The bias persists even after controlling for demographic differences such as age, gender, grade and socioeconomic status. An estimate of the bias which can be used to obtain correct estimates of true native academic performance is provided.
Determinação da atividade antioxidante e do teor total de polifenol em amostras de chá de ervas comercializadas em sachets
Authors: Nakamura Tieme , Silva Fátima Santos , Silva Diego Xavier da , Souza Maryane Woth de , Moya Horácio Dorigan
Published: May 2014

Objetivo: Os chás de ervas são tradicionalmente utilizados na medicina popular em muitas regiões do Brasil. Os chás contêm compostos antioxidantes que combatem o stress oxidativo e seu consumo tem sido associado à diminuição dos níveis de colesterol, pressão arterial e até de doenças cardiovasculares. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a capacidade antioxidante total, o teor total de polifenóis, o consumo (scavenging) de H2O2 e a presença de outros grupos de compostos antioxidantes em 43 amostras de chás em sachets. Métodos: O método CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) foi utilizado para determinar a capacidade antioxidante total. O teor total de polifenóis foi obtido com o uso do reagente de Folin-Ciocalteu; o ensaio de scavenging baseou-se no consumo de solução de H2O2 após adição do chá; e a presença de flavonóides, carotenos e catequinas foi investigada por cromatografia em papel. Resultados: A capacidade antioxidante total nas amostras analisadas seguiu a ordem: camomila > hortelã > carqueja > cidreira > boldo > verde > mate > preto > branco > erva doce. O teor total de polifenóis obedeceu à sequência: branco > hortelã > preto > mate > boldo > verde > camomila > carqueja > cidreira > erva doce. As divergências encontradas entre as amostras de um mesmo grupo de chá podem ser atribuídas à época da colheita, ao tipo de solo, local de plantio, variações climáticas e partes da planta utilizadas na elaboração dos sachets. Conclusão: Concluise que todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram capacidade antioxidante e consumo de H2O2. Em apenas uma delas não foi possível detectar flavonóides, carotenos ou catequinas.
A ABCS Health Sciences ingressa no ambiente digital dos periódicos científicos
Authors: Souto Ricardo Peres do
Published: May 2014

Não disponível.
MOTIVADORES DE COMPRA NOS AEROPORTOS BRASILEIROS: UMA TIPOLOGIA PARA O CONSUMIDOR EM AEROPORTOS
Authors: Ferreira Jorge Brantes , Freitas Angilberto Sabino de , Rosa José Pedro Brilhante , Kurtz Renata Georgia Motta , Carvalho Maria Luiza Azevedo de
Published: May 2014

De forma a aumentar as suas fontes de receita, os aeroportos assumem cada vez mais um papel de polo comercial. No entanto, eles se diferenciam do varejo tradicional pelas questões psicológicas e atmosféricas inerentes ao ato de viajar. Perante a escassez de estudos no Brasil voltados para o entendimento dos motivadores de compra nos aeroportos brasileiros, este estudo se propõe a investigar o comportamento de compras de passageiros brasileiros, pesquisando motivações de compra em aeroportos. Para tanto, 157 passageiros brasileiros do Aeroporto Santos Dumont (Rio de Janeiro) foram convidados a participar de uma survey elaborada com base nas variáveis e constructos sugeridos por Geuens, Vantomme e Brengman (2004). Os resultados revelaram quatro dimensões de motivação de compra: duas delas ligadas às características de um aeroporto – Atmosféricas e Relacionadas ao Aeroporto – e outras duas comuns ao comportamento tradicional de compra – Social e Funcional. Baseado nas dimensões reveladas, os passageiros brasileiros foram classificados em quatro tipos distintos de consumidores: Consumidor Interativo, Consumidor Egocêntrico, Consumidor Tradicional e Consumidor Apático/Indiferente.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA SINALIZAÇÃO TURÍSTICA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO TURÍSTICO DA CIDADE DE PARNAÍBA (PI, BRASIL)
Authors: Silva Francimilo Gomes Santos da , Melo Rodrigo de Sousa
Published: May 2014

O presente artigo analisou a contribuição da sinalização turística para o desenvolvimento do turismo na cidade de Parnaíba (Piauí-Brasil) abordando sobre a facilitação do acesso aos atrativos turísticos e no uso sustentável da acessibilidade diante do deslocamento dos visitantes e da população local. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foi realizado um registro fotográfico para o diagnóstico da sinalização turística e indicativa, e aplicadas entrevistas estruturadas com os visitantes e com a população local para avaliar as condições de acessibilidade na cidade. Os resultados indicam que a sinalização turística é importante para a comunicação turística e acessibilidade para todos os usuários, porém observou-se falhas técnicas, as quais dificultam o acesso e o conhecimento sobre os atrativos turísticos do destino turístico investigado.
RISCOS PERCEBIDOS NA AQUISIÇÃO DE SERVIÇOS HOTELEIROS ONLINE: FATORES DETERMINANTES DAS ESTRATÉGIAS DE REDUÇÃO E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM AS CARACTERÍSTICAS DEMOGRÁFICAS DO CONSUMIDOR
Authors: Souza Anderson Gomes de , Melo Francisco Vicente Sales , Barbosa Maria de Lourdes de Azevedo
Published: May 2014

O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar quais fatores determinam a adoção de estratégias de redução de risco percebido na aquisição de serviços hoteleiros online, verificando se há relação entre estes e as características demográficas dos consumidores. O método de análise fatorial foi utilizado após aplicação de questionário estruturado junto a consumidores que têm o hábito de viajar e reservar hotéis pela internet. Os resultados demonstraram que os fatores que caracterizam as estratégias utilizadas por consumidores como meio de redução de risco no ambiente virtual são: experiência de uso própria ou de pares, garantias e certezas de regulamentação e preço mais caro. Ou seja, pode-se considerar que estes fatores são relevantes e tendem a ser utilizados pelos consumidores como forma de reduzir os riscos ao adquirir um serviço hoteleiro pela web. Por outro lado, constatou-se que as características demográficas não apresentam relações com a percepção de risco destes consumidores. Com estes resultados a questão que fica é saber se as empresas deste ramo de atividade desenvolvem ações alinhadas com tais fatores de modo a permitir que os consumidores reduzam suas percepções de risco ao comprar estes serviços em seus websites.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Anjos Sara Joana Gadotti dos , Corrêa Cynthia Harumy Watanabe
Published: May 2014

Prezados leitores da Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo (RBTUR), a nossa revista em seu v.6, n.2, de 2012, é composta de 08 artigos e um relato de evento.
The Social Capital and the Development of Collaborative Networks in the Tourism Sector: a Case Study on The Grupo Gestor do Turismo Rural do Rio Grande do Sul (Rural Tourism Steering Group) - RS, Brazil
Authors: Bock Isabel Angelica de Andrade , Macke Janaina
Published: May 2014

This research aims to contribute to the inter-organizational network analysis perspective discussion, subsidized by the theories of collaborative networks and social capital. Elements based on social capital notions are recognized as greatly influencing collaboration and the actors’ predisposition to collaborate. The qualitative method was adopted, using as techniques the documental research, the direct observation and interviews applied to the members of the Grupo Gestor do Turismo Rural do Rio Grande do Sul (the Rural Tourism Steering Group). The validity of these techniques application was considered to enrich the analysis and to better understand the relationship among the participant actors. Results show that in purposeful and operational terms the group can be characterized as a collaborative inter-organizational network, alternating moments of intense collaboration and independent work. Also relationships based on trust, norms of reciprocity, identification, elements related to social capital theory may be decisive for the group strengthening and continuity, as it is facing a period of transformation.
Adoção de Tecnologia da Informação pelas Micro e Pequenas Empresas do Setor Hoteleiro de Sergipe
Authors: Silva Wagner Amaral e , Teixeira Rivanda Meira
Published: May 2014

Grandes empresas do setor de turismo fazem o uso intensivo de Tecnologia da Informação (TI), também denominada Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC), na promoção de seus produtos ou serviços e essa tendência também tem sido incorporada pelas micro e pequenas empresas (MPE) do setor hoteleiro. Para melhor compreender tal fenômeno, este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar os fatores que afetam a adoção de TI pelas MPEs do setor hoteleiro do estado de Sergipe. Possui abordagem qualitativa e utiliza como estratégia de pesquisa a de estudo de casos múltiplos. Verificou-se que as empresas hoteleiras que participaram do estudo possuem computadores e todos são conectados à Internet. Verificou-se também que a indisponibilidade da TI tem impacto negativo nos negócios. Identificou-se diferentes perfis de gestores e observou-se que o conhecimento em informática dos funcionários é indispensável. As limitações deste estudo são inerentes à estratégia de estudos de caso.
Relações Sociais no Setor de Cama & Café em Parintins na Amazônia: uma perspectiva com base nas análises de redes sociais
Authors: De Souza Paulo Augusto Ramalho , Farina Milton Carlos , Costa Claudia de Oliveira , Silva Antonio Sergio da , Romeiro Maria do Carmo
Published: May 2014

A atividade turística é de relevante importância para a economia de municípios da Amazônia como é o caso de Parintins. Devido à importância dos diferentes setores da atividade turística esta pesquisa buscou descrever por meio da metodologia de Análise de Redes Sociais as interações entre agentes da Associação dos Proprietários do Projeto Cama & Café – ACAMPIN. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo exploratório com aplicação de questionários junto a 15 proprietários de Cama & Cafés associados à ACAMPIN. Como metodologia de análise foi utilizada a técnica de Análise de Redes Sociais por meio dos com os softwares Ucinet 6.232 e NetDraw 2.089. As análises identificaram a centralidade de alguns agentes da rede como o proprietário identificado pela sigla CC14 e a o poder de intermediação do agente CC12 o que pode conferir aos mesmos um papel estrategicamente relevante na transmissão e retenção de informações importantes para o desenvolvimento da rede de Cama & Café local. Por fim a pesquisa identificou a importância de aprofundamento em outras medidas de Análises de Redes Sociais que possam descrever outras dimensões não abordadas nesta pesquisa ou até mesmo a inferência de agentes externos à rede Cama & Café do município de Parintins AM que possam influenciar no transito das informações dentro da rede.
Sources, sinks, and transatlantic transport of North African dust aerosol: A multimodel analysis and comparison with remote sensing data
Authors: Kim Dongchul , Chin Mian , Yu Hongbin , Diehl Thomas , Tan Qian , Kahn Ralph A. , Tsigaridis Kostas , Bauer Susanne E. , Takemura Toshihiko , Pozzoli Luca , Bellouin Nicolas , Schulz Michael , Peyridieu Sophie , Chédin Alain , Koffi Brigitte
Published: May 2014

This study evaluates model‐simulated dust aerosols over North Africa and the North Atlantic from five global models that participated in the Aerosol Comparison between Observations and Models phase II model experiments. The model results are compared with satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), and Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐view Sensor, dust optical depth (DOD) derived from MODIS and MISR, AOD and coarse‐mode AOD (as a proxy of DOD) from ground‐based Aerosol Robotic Network Sun photometer measurements, and dust vertical distributions/centroid height from Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder satellite AOD retrievals. We examine the following quantities of AOD and DOD: (1) the magnitudes over land and over ocean in our study domain, (2) the longitudinal gradient from the dust source region over North Africa to the western North Atlantic, (3) seasonal variations at different locations, and (4) the dust vertical profile shape and the AOD centroid height (altitude above or below which half of the AOD is located). The different satellite data show consistent features in most of these aspects; however, the models display large diversity in all of them, with significant differences among the models and between models and observations. By examining dust emission, removal, and mass extinction efficiency in the five models, we also find remarkable differences among the models that all contribute to the discrepancies of model‐simulated dust amount and distribution. This study highlights the challenges in simulating the dust physical and optical processes, even in the best known dust environment, and stresses the need for observable quantities to constrain the model processes.
Aerosols in the convective boundary layer: Shortwave radiation effects on the coupled land‐atmosphere system
Authors: Barbaro Eduardo , de Arellano Jordi Vilà‐Guerau , Ouwersloot Huug G. , Schröter Joel S. , Donovan David P. , Krol Maarten C.
Published: May 2014

By combining observations and numerical simulations, we investigated the responses of the surface energy budget and the convective boundary layer (CBL) dynamics to the presence of aerosols. A detailed data set containing (thermo)dynamic observations at CESAR (Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research) and aerosol information from the European Integrated Project on Aerosol, Cloud, Climate, and Air Quality Interactions was employed to design numerical experiments reproducing two typical clear‐sky days, each characterized by contrasting thermodynamic initial profiles: (i) residual layer above a strong surface inversion and (ii) well‐mixed CBL connected to the free troposphere by a capping inversion, without the residual layer in between. A large‐eddy simulation (LES) model and a mixed‐layer (MXL) model, coupled to a broadband radiative transfer code and a land surface model, were used to study the impacts of aerosols on shortwave radiation. Both the LES model and the MXL model results reproduced satisfactorily the observations for both days. A sensitivity analysis on a wide range of aerosol properties was conducted. Our results showed that higher loads of aerosols decreased irradiance imposing an energy restriction at the surface, delaying the morning onset of the CBL and advancing its afternoon collapse. Moderately to strongly absorbing aerosols increased the heating rate contributing positively to increase the afternoon CBL height and potential temperature and to decrease Bowen ratio. In contrast, scattering aerosols were associated with smaller heating rates and cooler and shallower CBLs. Our findings advocate the need for accounting for the aerosol influence in analyzing surface and CBL dynamics.
The Continental Drift Controversy (4 volumes)
Authors: Hoffman Paul F.
Published: May 2014

Historians often remark on scientists’ selective memories concerning their work. Nevertheless, scientists leave excellent contemporary records. Most scientists publish frequently throughout their careers, and it is safe to assume that what they submit for peer review represents their best scientific judgment at that time.
Data from Tohoku earthquake offer new insights
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: May 2014

The subduction zone megathrust earthquake that struck offshore of Tohoku, Japan, in 2011 was so strong that it shifted the tilt of the Earth's axis and moved the island of Japan itself four meters. This earthquake puzzles scientists in part because the hypocenter—where the earthquake originated, deep below the epicenter—occurred on a fault previously thought to be inactive. The lack of data about the rock surrounding the hypocenter makes it hard for scientists to pinpoint specific details about how the earthquake was triggered and propagated.
Mapping the magma conduit for the Shinmoe‐dake volcano
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: May 2014

Near the southern end of Kyushu, the most southerly of Japan's major islands, a complex of more than 20 small volcanoes together form the Kirishima volcanoes. In January 2011, approximately 20 million cubic meters of material spewed from one of the volcanoes, Shinmoe‐dake. Before this most recent activity, Shinmoe‐dake had previously erupted in 2010, 1991, 1962, and 1959, with the 2011 eruption being the biggest.