bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The co-crystal of TNT/CL-20 leads to decreased sensitivity toward thermal decomposition from first principles based reactive molecular dynamics
Authors: Guo Dezhou , An Qi , Zybin Sergey V. , Goddard III William A. , Huang Fenglei , Tang Bin
Published: January 2015

TNT/CL-20 cocrystal is less sensitive than CL-20 crystal and the physical mixture of TNT/CL-20 and more sensitive than TNT crystal.
Novel peapod array of Ni2P@graphitized carbon fiber composites growing on Ti substrate: a superior material for Li-ion batteries and the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Bai Yuanjuan , Zhang Huijuan , Fang Ling , Liu Li , Qiu Huajun , Wang Yu
Published: January 2015

In this work, the novel Ni2P-based electrode architecture takes advantages of the 1D peapods array and Ti conductive substrate, leading to outstanding electrochemical performance.
Mesoporous nanostructured Co3O4 derived from MOF template: a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Chao , Chen Taiqiang , Xu Weijing , Lou Xiaobing , Pan Likun , Chen Qun , Hu Bingwen
Published: January 2015

Mesoporous nanostructured Co3O4, prepared by direct pyrolysis of a MOF-71 template at a relatively low temperature, shows good electrochemical performance.
Self-assembled micelles of amphiphilic PEGylated rapamycin for loading paclitaxel and resisting multidrug resistant cancer cells
Authors: Tian Wei , Liu Jieying , Guo Yuan , Shen Yuanyuan , Zhou Dejian , Guo Shengrong
Published: January 2015

A paclitaxel loaded PEGylated rapamycin micelle effectively bypasses the resistance mechanism, allowing for potent treatment of multidrug resistant cancer cells.
Smectic A–hexagonal columnar–B7 phase transition of acute-angle bent-core molecules
Authors: Lee Eun-Woo , Hattori Masaya , Uehara Fumiya , Tokita Masatoshi , Kawauchi Susumu , Watanabe Junji , Kang Sungmin
Published: January 2015

A distinct structural transformation occurs between a 1D layered SmA phase and 2D layer undulated banana phase via a unique hexagonal columnar phase which may result from different molecular packings as a function of temperature.
α-Na2Ni2Fe(PO4)3: a dual positive/negative electrode material for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Essehli R. , Belharouak I. , Ben Yahia H. , Chamoun R. , Orayech B. , El Bali B. , Bouziane K. , Zhou X. L. , Zhou Z.
Published: January 2015

The low temperature polymorph of Na2Ni2Fe(PO4)3, crystallizing with a stuffed α-CrPO4-type structure, plays a dual anode/cathode behaviour.
Correction: Programmable microfluidic synthesis of spectrally encoded microspheres
Authors: Gerver R. E. , Gómez-Sjöberg R. , Baxter B. C. , Thorn K. S. , Fordyce P. M. , Diaz-Botia C. A. , Helms B. A. , DeRisi J. L.
Published: January 2015

Correction for ‘Programmable microfluidic synthesis of spectrally encoded microspheres' by R. E. Gerver et al., Lab Chip, 2012, 12, 4716–4723.
Effective photoreduction of a nitroaromatic environmental endocrine disruptor by AgNPs functionalized on nanocrystalline TiO2
Authors: Hernández-Gordillo A. , Obregón S. , Paraguay-Delgado F. , Rodríguez-González V.
Published: January 2015

Unprecedented photoactivity of silver nanoparticles photodeposited on nanocrystalline TiO2 for the efficient reduction of 4-nitrophenol at room temperature is reported.
Successive light-induced two electron transfers in a Ru–Fe supramolecular assembly: from Ru–Fe(ii)–OH2to Ru–Fe(iv)–oxo
Authors: Herrero Christian , Quaranta Annamaria , Sircoglou Marie , Sénéchal-David Katell , Baron Aurélie , Marín Irene Mustieles , Buron Charlotte , Baltaze Jean-Pierre , Leibl Winfried , Aukauloo Ally , Banse Frédéric
Published: January 2015

A RuII–FeIIchromophore–catalyst assembly performs the visible-light activation of a metal-bound water molecule to form a metal oxo species responsible for the oxidation of a substrate.
Photochemical and electrocatalytic water oxidation activity of cobalt carbodiimide
Authors: Ressnig Debora , Shalom Menny , Patscheider Jörg , Moré René , Evangelisti Fabio , Antonietti Markus , Patzke Greta R.
Published: January 2015

Cobalt carbodiimide emerges as a heterogeneous non-oxidic water oxidation catalyst prototype with high dual photochemical and electrocatalytic activity.
Ypt1 and COPII vesicles act in autophagosome biogenesis and the early secretory pathway
Authors: Davis Saralin , Ferro-Novick Susan
Published: January 2015

The GTPase Ypt1, Rab1 in mammals functions on multiple intracellular trafficking pathways. Ypt1 has an established role on the early secretory pathway in targeting coat protein complex II (COPII) coated vesicles to the cis-Golgi. Additionally, Ypt1 functions during the initial stages of macroautophagy, a process of cellular degradation induced during periods of cell stress. In the present study, we discuss the role of Ypt1 and other secretory machinery during macroautophagy, highlighting commonalities between these two pathways.
Regulation of processive motion and microtubule localization of cytoplasmic dynein
Authors: Jha Rupam , Surrey Thomas
Published: January 2015

The cytoplasmic dynein complex is the major minus-end-directed microtubule motor. Although its directionality is evolutionary well conserved, differences exist among cytoplasmic dyneins from different species in their stepping behaviour, maximum velocity and force production. Recent experiments also suggest differences in processivity regulation. In the present article, we give an overview of dynein's motile properties, with a special emphasis on processivity and its regulation. Furthermore, we summarize recent findings of different pathways for microtubule plus-end loading of dynein. The present review highlights how distinct functions in different cell types or organisms appear to require different mechanochemical dynein properties and localization pathways.
Centrosomes and mitotic spindle poles: a recent liaison?
Authors: Chavali Pavithra L. , Peset Isabel , Gergely Fanni
Published: January 2015

Centrosomes comprise two cylindrical centrioles embedded in the pericentriolar material (PCM). The PCM is an ordered assembly of large scaffolding molecules, providing an interaction platform for proteins involved in signalling, trafficking and most importantly microtubule nucleation and organization. In mitotic cells, centrosomes are located at the spindle poles, sites where spindle microtubules converge. However, certain cell types and organisms lack centrosomes, yet contain focused spindle poles, highlighting that despite their juxtaposition in cells, centrosomes and mitotic spindle poles are distinct physical entities. In the present paper, we discuss the origin of centrosomes and summarize their contribution to mitotic spindle assembly and cell division. We then describe the key molecular players that mediate centrosome attachment to mitotic spindle poles and explore why co-segregation of centrosomes and spindle poles into daughter cells is of potential benefit to organisms.
A small GTPase involved in mitochondrial morphology and function
Authors: Spang Anne
Published: January 2015

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of cells as they produce the bulk of ATP which is consumed by the cell. They form a highly interconnected network that is governed by fission and fusion processes. In addition, mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are found in close proximity to each other and it is thought that they maintain contact sites to exchange molecules. The regulation and the function of these contact sites need to be further explored. The small GTPase Arf1 (ADP-ribosylation factor 1), which is best known for its essential role in the generation of coatomer protein I (COPI)-coated vesicles at the Golgi complex appears to be also essential for the dynamics and maintenance of mitochondrial function, presumably at ER–mitochondrial contact sites.
Implementation of a sensorless interior permanent magnet synchronous drive based on current deviations of pulse‐width modulation switching
Authors: Tseng Shao‐Kai , Liu Tian‐Hua , Chen Jui‐Ling
Published: January 2015

This study proposes a rotor position estimating method by detecting the stator currents under each pulse‐width modulation switching state for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system. The proposed sensorless motor drive system can be applied in an air conditioner without injecting any high‐frequency sinusoidal or cosine voltage signal. The operating speed range can be effectively extended because the maximum available voltage is increased when compared to the high‐frequency sinusoidal or cosine voltage injection method. The detailed analysis is discussed here. A digital signal processor, TMS‐320‐F‐2812, is used to execute the rotor position estimator and controller. Several experimental results are included to evaluate the theoretical analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed sensorless method can provide satisfactory performance for a closed‐loop interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system applied in an air conditioner.
High‐resolution nowcasting and its application in road maintenance: experiences from the INCA Central European area project
Authors: Kann Alexander , Kršmanc Rok , Habrovský Richard , Šajn Slak Alenka , Bujňák Rastislav , Schmid Franziska , Tarjáni Viktor , Wang Yong , Wastl Clemens , Bica Benedikt , Meirold‐Mautner Ingo
Published: January 2015

The improvement of risk management standards within the field of road safety has been one of the central goals of the EU funded project INCA (Integrated Nowcasting Through Comprehensive Analysis) Central Europe – Integrated Nowcasting system for the Central European area. The project approach was undertaken in a transnational and multidisciplinary way by enhancing the very short range weather model INCA for specific application fields (among others road safety). The communication between model developers, weather services, stakeholders and local authorities have been enhanced via intensified feedback loops. Meteorological parameters in INCA that are commonly used by road management authorities are 2‐m temperature, surface temperature, precipitation and precipitation type. The INCA system has been put into pilot implementation in three different countries, that is, Austria, Slovakia and Slovenia. It has been shown that the system is able to offer detailed information about the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of snowfall and surface temperature, which is crucial for adequate short term decision making. The skill is especially high in the nowcasting range (which corresponds to a forecast horizon of ∼ 6 h) and the system is able to represent specific regional and local characteristics. An additional coupling of INCA with a road‐specific energy balance model (like model of the environment and temperature of roads (METRo)) is able to further improve the skill and thus enhance the capability of INCA to be used in road management services.
Efficient finite element assembly of high order Whitney forms
Authors: Marsic Nicolas , Geuzaine Christophe
Published: January 2015

This study presents an efficient method for the finite element assembly of high order Whitney elements. The authors start by reviewing the classical assembly technique and by highlighting the most time consuming part. Then, they show how this classical approach can be reformulated into a computationally efficient matrix–matrix product. They also address the global orientation problem of the vector valued basis functions. They conclude by presenting numerical results for a three‐dimensional wave propagation problem.
Synthesis of Ni‐riched NiO‐Co3O4 sheet‐like nanocomposites and their application in supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Xian‐Wen , Wu Kong‐Lin , Zhang Zai‐Xian , Yue Yao‐Xiang , Zhao Meng‐Li , Cheng Juan , Wei Xian‐Wen
Published: January 2015

In this reported work Ni‐riched NiO‐Co3O4 sheet‐like nanocomposites (SNCs) were obtained through a facile solvothermal method in a mixed solvent and subsequently calcinated in air. Galvanostatic charge‐discharge measurement revealed that the Ni‐riched NiO‐Co3O4SNCs electrode has an impressive specific capacitance as high as 836 F g−1 at 4 A g−1 in 3 M KOH solution. The as‐obtained Ni‐riched NiO‐Co3O4SNCs product showed a weak cycling stability, but the higher capacitance (424 F g−1) was retained after 1000 cycles at 4 A g−1.
Osteocyte culture in microfluidic devices
Authors: Wei Chao , Fan Beiyuan , Chen Deyong , Liu Chao , Wei Yuanchen , Huo Bo , You Lidan , Wang Junbo , Chen Jian
Published: January 2015

This paper presents a microfluidic device (poly-dimethylsiloxane micro channels bonded with glass slides) enabling culture of MLO-Y4 osteocyte like cells. In this study, on-chip collagen coating, cell seeding and culture, as well as staining were demonstrated in a tubing-free manner where gravity was used as the driving force for liquid transportation. MLO-Y4 cells were cultured in microfluidic channels with and without collagen coating where cellular images in a time sequence were taken and analyzed, confirming the positive effect of collagen coating on phenotype maintaining of MLO-Y4 cells. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen based proliferation assay was used to study cellular proliferation, revealing a higher proliferation rate of MLO-Y4 cells seeded in microfluidic channels without collagen coating compared to the substrates coated with collagen. Furthermore, the effects of channel dimensions (variations in width and height) on the viability of MLO-Y4 cells were explored based on the Calcein-AM and propidium iodide based live/dead assay and the Hoechst 33258 based apoptosis assay, locating the correlation between the decrease in channel width or height and the decrease in cell viability. As a platform technology, this microfluidic device may function as a new cell culture model enabling studies of osteocytes.
Superconducting nanowires by electron-beam-induced deposition
Authors: Sengupta Shamashis , Li Chuan , Baumier Cedric , Kasumov Alik , Guéron S. , Bouchiat H. , Fortuna F.
Published: January 2015

Superconducting nanowires can be fabricated by decomposition of an organometallic gas using a focused beam of Ga ions. However, physical damage and unintentional doping often result from the exposure to the ion beam, motivating the search for a means to achieve similar structures with a beam of electrons instead of ions. This has so far remained an experimental challenge. We report the fabrication of superconducting tungsten nanowires by electron-beam-induced-deposition, with critical temperature of 2.0 K and critical magnetic field of 3.7 T, and compare them with superconducting wires made with ions. This work is an important development for the template-free realization of nanoscale superconducting devices, without the requirement of an ion beam column.
Multi-layer Lanczos iteration approach to calculations of vibrational energies and dipole transition intensities for polyatomic molecules
Authors: Yu Hua-Gen
Published: January 2015

We report a rigorous full dimensional quantum dynamics algorithm, the multi-layer Lanczos method, for computing vibrational energies and dipole transition intensities of polyatomic molecules without any dynamics approximation. The multi-layer Lanczos method is developed by using a few advanced techniques including the guided spectral transform Lanczos method, multi-layer Lanczos iteration approach, recursive residue generation method, and dipole-wavefunction contraction. The quantum molecular Hamiltonian at the total angular momentum J = 0 is represented in a set of orthogonal polyspherical coordinates so that the large amplitude motions of vibrations are naturally described. In particular, the algorithm is general and problem-independent. An application is illustrated by calculating the infrared vibrational dipole transition spectrum of CH4 based on the ab initio T8 potential energy surface of Schwenke and Partridge [Spectrochimica Acta, Part A 57, 887 (2001)] and the low-order truncated ab initio dipole moment surfaces of Yurchenko et al. [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 291, 69 (2013)]. A comparison with experiments is made. The algorithm is also applicable for Raman polarizability active spectra.
Reflective multilayer optic as hard X-ray diagnostic on laser-plasma experiment
Authors: Brejnholt N. F. , Decker T. A. , Hill R. M. , Chen H. , Williams G. J. , Park J. , Alameda J. B. , Fernández-Perea M. , Pivovaroff M. J. , Soufli R. , Descalle M.-A. , Peebles J. , Kerr S. M.
Published: January 2015

A multilayer-based optic was tested for use as an X-ray diagnostic on a laser-plasma experiment. The multilayer optic was employed to selectively pass X-rays between 55 and 100 keV. An order of magnitude improvement in signal-to-noise ratio is achieved compared to a transmission crystal spectrometer. A multilayer response model, taking into account the source size and spectral content, is constructed and the outlook for application above 500 keV is briefly discussed. LLNL-JRNL-664311.
Post-annealing effect on the room-temperature ferromagnetism in Cu-doped ZnO thin films
Authors: Hu Yu-Min , Li Sih-Sian , Kuang Chein-Hsiun , Han Tai-Chun , Yu Chin-Chung
Published: January 2015

In this work, we investigated the structural and magnetic properties of both as-deposited and post-annealed Cu-doped ZnO thin films for better understanding the possible mechanisms of room-temperature ferromagnetism (RT-FM) in ZnO-based diluted magnetic oxides. All of the films have a c-axis-oriented wurtzite structure and display RT-FM. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the incorporated Cu ions in as-deposited films are in 1+ valence state merely, while an additional 2+ valence state occurs in post-annealed films. The presence of Cu2+ state in post-annealed film accompanies a higher magnetization value than that of as-deposited film and, in particular, the magnetization curves at 10 K and 300 K of the post-annealed film separate distinctly. Since Cu1+ ion has a filled 3d band, the RT-FM in as-deposited Cu-doped ZnO thin films may stem solely from intrinsic defects, while that in post-annealed films is enhanced due to the presence of CuO crystallites.
Static magnetic solution in magnetic composites with arbitrary susceptibility inhomogeneity and anisotropy
Authors: Wang J. J. , Song Y. , Ma X. Q. , Chen Long-Qing , Nan Ce-Wen
Published: January 2015

The static magnetic solutions in magnetic composites with arbitrary susceptibility inhomogeneity and anisotropy are accurately computed using an efficient numerical algorithm based on a proposed Fourier spectral iterative perturbation method for 3-dimensional systems. An advantage of this method is that the interphase boundary conditions are automatically considered without explicitly tracking interphase interfaces in the composites. This method can be conveniently implemented in phase-field modeling of microstructure evolution in systems with inhomogeneous susceptibility as well as inhomogeneous spontaneous magnetization distributions. Based on the proposed method, the effects of microstructures including the susceptibility mismatch between the inclusions and matrix, inclusions volume fraction, and inclusions arrangement on the effective susceptibility and local static magnetic field distribution of the composite are investigated. It is found that the interactions among the inclusions embedded in the matrix play critical roles in determining the composite properties.
Lead-free Ba0.8Ca0.2(ZrxTi1−x)O3 ceramics with large electrocaloric effect
Authors: Asbani B. , Dellis J.-L. , Lahmar A. , Courty M. , Amjoud M. , Gagou Y. , Djellab K. , Mezzane D. , Kutnjak Z. , El Marssi M.
Published: January 2015

The electrocaloric effect was investigated in lead-free Zr doped Ba0.8Ca0.2(ZrxTi1−x)O3 (BCTZ) ceramics synthesized by a conventional sintering process. Room-temperature x-ray diffraction analysis showed that the tetragonal structure is obtained in BCTZ for x ≤ 0.08 and a pseudo cubic phase for x > 0.08. The dielectric spectroscopy and calorimetry revealed that the Curie temperature decreases as a consequence of Zr doping and that the BCTZ exhibits a first order ferroelectric phase transition. The electrocaloric effect was determined by the calculation of the electrocaloric change of temperature (ΔT) using the Maxwell relation based on the P–E hysteresis loops measured at different temperatures. A large electrocaloric responsivity ΔT/ΔE = 0.34 × 10−6 Km/V was found for x = 0.04, which significantly exceeds of values found so far in other lead-free electrocaloric materials.
Transition in electron scattering mechanism in atomic layer deposited Nb:TiO2 thin films
Authors: Niemelä Janne-Petteri , Hirose Yasushi , Hasegawa Tetsuya , Karppinen Maarit
Published: January 2015

We characterized transport and optical properties of atomic layer deposited Nb:TiO2 thin films on glass substrates. These promising transparent conducting oxide (TCO) materials show minimum resistivity of 1.0 × 10−3 Ω cm at 300 K and high transmittance in the visible range. Low-temperature (2–300 K) Hall measurements and the Drude fitting of the Vis-NIR optical spectra indicate a transition in the scattering mechanism from grain boundary scattering to intra-grain scattering with increasing Nb content, thus underlining enhancement of the grain size in the low doping regime as the key for further improved TCO properties.
Photothermally controlled Marangoni flow around a micro bubble
Authors: Namura Kyoko , Nakajima Kaoru , Kimura Kenji , Suzuki Motofumi
Published: January 2015

We have experimentally investigated the control of Marangoni flow around a micro bubble using photothermal conversion. Using a focused laser spot acting as a highly localized heat source on Au nanoparticles/dielectric/Ag mirror thin film enables us to create a micro bubble and to control the temperature gradient around the bubble at a micrometer scale. When we irradiate the laser next to the bubble, a strong main flow towards the bubble and two symmetric rotation flows on either side of it develop. The shape of this rotation flow shows a significant transformation depending on the relative position of the bubble and the laser spot. Using this controllable rotation flow, we have demonstrated sorting of the polystyrene spheres with diameters of 2 μm and 0.75 μm according to their size.
Australian midwives’ interpretation of the re-registration, recency of practice standard
Authors: Gray Michelle , Rowe Jennifer , Barnes Margaret
Published: January 2015

Objective
The aim of the present study was to investigate how midwives are responding to the changed re-registration requirements; specifically the Recency of Practice (RoP) Standard.

Methods
A qualitative longitudinal case study used conversational interviews conducted annually at two time phases after the introduction of national registration.

Results
Findings reveal that confusion has created challenges in demonstration of the RoP standard. This confusion was evident at individual and organisational levels.

Conclusions
Professional bodies need to support staff in this transition by providing clearer guidance that exemplifies the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia expectations.

What is known about the topic?
Impact subsequent to Australian legislative and regulatory changes affecting midwifery and nursing registration has not been examined.

What does this paper add?
The findings of this study provide an insight into midwives’ responses to the changed re-registration standard in Australia.

What are the implications for practitioners?
There appears to be a problem in the way tensions and challenges are being met; misinterpretation of the requirements has generated questions about the relationship between skills and work areas and demonstration of RoP. This may influence individual career planning and have broader workforce planning implications.
A review of recent advances in rapid point-of-care tests for syphilis
Authors: Bristow Claire C. , Larson Elysia , Javanbakht Marjan , Huang Emily , Causer Louise , Klausner Jeffrey D.
Published: January 2015

Syphilis is a curable disease, yet over 10 million people worldwide are infected with syphilis each year. Syphilis case finding and subsequent treatment are key steps in syphilis control and prevention efforts. The advent of rapid point-of-care tests – which require minimal equipment, are easy to perform and are relatively low cost – have the potential to improve syphilis control by allowing for more widespread testing in clinical and non-clinical settings. However, strategies to maximise the potential public health impact of those tests are needed, and those include regulatory oversight, effective supply-chain management and quality assurance systems.
Stoicism and Byzantine philosophy
Authors: Triantari Sotiria
Published: January 2015

Was the Byzantine thinker Nicephorus Blemmydes (1197–1272) directly influenced in his views about human “proairesis” by the Stoic Epictetus (50–138 AD) or did he take over his views from the Neoplatonic Simplicius?
After exploring Blemmydes’ reception of Epictetus, one can say that Blemmydes drew elements in a brief treatise under the title “De virtute et ascesi” from the mainly Neoplatonic Simplicius, who commented on the handbook by the
Stoic Epictetus (50–138 AD). Blemmydes, following Simplicius identifies “ἐφ’ ἡμῖν” with “aftexousion” and he designates “proairesis” as an activity, which emanates from “aftexousion”. Blemmydes shows the moral power of “proairesis” as a transforming factor of human existence and the mediatory factor to the dialectical relation between man and God.
For the completion of the study, the following sources have been used:
Blemmydes’ De virtute et ascesi, Epictetus’ Handbook, and Neoplatonic Simplicius’ commentaries on the Handbook. I specifically focus on the views of Aristotle, Epictetus, and Neoplatonic Simplicius about “proairesis” and compare the views of Blemmydes to Simplicius’ ideas. I conclude that Blemmydes drew ideas from Simplicius, with regard to human “proairesis” and in the context of the practising and cultivating virtues in everyday life.
Siger, Avicenna, and Albert the Great on universals and natures
Authors: Côté Antoine
Published: January 2015

This paper examines Siger of Brabant’s doctrine of universals in light of Siger’s critical discussion of two highly influential philosophers on the issue of universals in the Middle Ages, Avicenna and Albert the Great. Although Siger unequivocally rejects Albert’s views on universals – rightly so, given Albert’s commitment to a rather robust form of realism –, he is far less hostile to Avicenna’s ideas on the subject than he is to Albert’s. The paper examines Siger’s contrasting attitudes to both authors, highlights Siger’s perspicuity as a reader and interpreter of the works of other philosophers, and shows how Siger uses the doctrines of Albert and Avicenna to sharpen his own position.
Bradwardine and Buckingham on the extramundane void
Authors: Lukács Edit Anna
Published: January 2015

In the corollaries to Book I, Chapter 5 of De causa Dei, Thomas Bradwardine assumes the existence of an actual, infinite, God-filled extramundane void. Thomas Buckingham, Bradwardine’s former student, develops in the unedited Question 23 of his Quaestiones theologicae a rejection of the void’s existence precisely in opposition to the theory of his master. His argumentation is not only remarkable in its own; it also allows us to reassess essential concepts from Bradwardine’s De causa Dei, such as divine power, causality and ubiquity.
This paper first presents the Aristotelian notion of the void in rendering it in the context of the philosophy of nature at fourteenth-century Oxford; it is then dedicated to the analysis of the chapter in question from De causa Dei along with Buckingham’s answer. It is accompanied by a critical edition of Question 23 from Buckingham’s Quaestiones theologicae, »Utrum sit necesse ponere Deum esse extra mundum in situ seu vacuo imaginario infinito«.
Schellings neuzeitliche Repristination der ‚mystischen‘ Vernunft
Authors: Quero-Sánchez Andrés
Published: January 2015

Mysticism played an important role in the works of Schelling, not only after 1806, that is not only after he went to Munich and came into contact with Franz von Baader, but already at the beginning of his literary career in the 1790s. It seems that he already knows Meister Eckhart’s German Sermons in 1795, namely as he writes the Philosophical Letters on Dogmatism and Criticism (Philosophische Briefe über Dogmatismus und Kritizismus), because he uses the concepts ‘grundlos’ and ‘unmittelbar’ in a way we also find in Eckhart’s works. The Mystical thought is crucial to understand not only Schelling’s Identity philosophy, but even his reception of Kant, Spinoza and Fichte’s Doctrine of Science. Yet, these conclusions do not show that Eckhart’s mysticism had paved the way for modern thought, but rather that German Idealism means an attempt at redefinition of modernity, which has his roots in mystical thought.
Abstract locational subjects
Authors: Achard Michel
Published: January 2015

This chapter analyzes the English and French abstract locational subjects il, ça,
there, and it which refer to an ‘abstract region’ within which the entity in the
complement is identified. There, it, and il describe the ‘field’, namely the conceptualizer’s
scope of awareness relative to the complement content, but they
operate at different levels of reality. Existential there and simple il (followed by a
nominal) describe a section of basic reality, while it and complex il (followed by
a clause) operate at a more analytical level of reality which includes the conceptualizer’s
effort to assess or evaluate the complement content. Ça profiles the
abstract setting composed of the immediate context from which the complement
content is extracted for expressive purposes.
What’s in a mimetic?
Authors: Usuki Takeshi , Akita Kimi
Published: January 2015

This paper explores the fundamental semantic and syntactic properties of Japanese mimetic lexemes as iconic signs that depict various eventualities by means of linguistic sound. We argue how the two central features of mimetics – stem-based morphology and dynamicity – restrict their morphosyntactic and semantic realizations. The discussion on the impossible uses of mimetics, such as intrinsically static adjectival expressions and object-oriented depictives, particularly clarifies the limits of the traditional root-based analysis of mimetic morphology and sets the basis for its theoretical treatment.
Visual, auditory, and cognitive iconicity in written literature
Authors: Elleström Lars
Published: January 2015

This article demonstrates an analytical approach that might be used as a method for disentangling the manifold iconic layers and aspects of written literature. The goal is to make a clear and practice-oriented presentation of some of the most overarching types of iconicity, based on the assumption that iconicity – as representation in general – must be understood in terms of both sensory activity and cognition. One specific literary text, Emily Dickinson’s poem “Because I could not stop for Death” (1862), is analyzed as an example via a broad field of iconic traits, structured as visual, auditory, and cognitive iconicity. Although applied to a visual, literary text, the delineated method may be extended to any other kind of medium, taking into account relevant sensory properties and cognitive aspects.
Don’t read too much into the runes
Authors: Conradie C. Jac
Published: January 2015

Runic inscriptions, particularly those dedicated to the deceased, generally commence with a reference to its initiator and furthermore mentions the (usually highly regarded) rune writer by name, before the person that the monument is dedicated to is even named or related to his/her actions or the way he/she met his/her death. Language-wise the formulation is characterised by full sentences with action verbs mostly in the active voice. It is argued that the register of the inscriptions has much in common with oral narrative, which in itself has several iconic characteristics, such as taking the ‘I’ as point of departure, employing action verbs to describe activities and dealing with events in their order of occurrence. Therefore if certain distinctions between signifier and signified were not sharply drawn in the minds of those erecting memorials, signifier and signified must necessarily resemble each other to a sufficient extent to have an iconic relationship. The persistent presence and prominence of the initiator of the memorial and the rune writer in the inscriptions create the impression that the very raising and inscribing of a stone was tantamount to honouring the deceased, and therefore one and the same act.
Iconicity in question
Authors: De Penanros Hélène
Published: January 2015

This article analyzes three cases of competition between a preposition and its corresponding case or the use of the case by itself. It shows that the difference between the two types of constructions is always the same: the case alone is used to express an unmarked relationship, whereas the prepositional phrase + the corresponding case is used to focus on one of its aspects. This could be analyzed in terms of ‘iconicity of motivation’, as the instance marked semantically (with focalization) is also marked syntactically insofar as two markers co-occur. However, the author shows that this analysis which directly links form and meaning without taking into account the linguistic operations implemented by the linguistic forms, is unsatisfactory. She proposes an alternative analysis based on the hypothesis that a case and a preposition are ‘relators’ and explains that the focalization observed in the constructions with two relators (case+preposition) is not so much due to the fact that more markers are used, but to the fact that two semantically close relationships involving the same terms are fully implemented.
Readability for foreign language learning
Authors: Beinborn Lisa , Zesch Torsten , Gurevych Iryna
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we analyse the differences between L1 acquisition and L2 learning and identify four main aspects: input quality and quantity, mapping processes, cross-lingual influence, and reading experience. As a consequence of these differences, we conclude that L1 readability measures cannot be directly mapped to L2 readability. We propose to calculate L2 readability for various dimensions and for smaller units. It is particularly important to account for the cross-lingual influence from the learner’s L1 and other previously acquired languages and for the learner’s higher experience in reading.

In our analysis, we focus on lexical readability as it has been found to be the most influential dimension for L2 reading comprehension. We discuss the features frequency, lexical variation, concreteness, polysemy, and context specificity and analyse their impact on L2 readability. As a new feature specific to L2 readability, we propose the cognateness of words with words in languages the learner already knows. A pilot study confirms our assumption that learners can deduce the meaning of new words by their cognateness to other languages.
Assessing document and sentence readability in less resourced languages and across textual genres
Authors: Dell’Orletta Felice , Montemagni Simonetta , Venturi Giulia
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we tackle three underresearched issues of the automatic readability assessment literature, namely the evaluation of text readability in less resourced languages, with respect to sentences (as opposed to documents) as well as across textual genres. Different solutions to these issues have been tested by using and refining READ‑IT, the first advanced readability assessment tool for Italian, which combines traditional raw text features with lexical, morpho-syntactic and syntactic information. In READ‑IT readability assessment is carried out with respect to both documents and sentences, with the latter constituting an important novelty of the proposed approach: READ‑IT shows a high accuracy in the document classification task and promising results in the sentence classification scenario. By comparing the results of two versions of READ‑IT, adopting a classification‑ versus ranking-based approach, we also show that readability assessment is strongly influenced by textual genre; for this reason a genre-oriented notion of readability is needed. With classification-based approaches, reliable results can only be achieved with genre-specific models: Since this is far from being a workable solution, especially for less resourced languages, a new ranking method for readability assessment is proposed, based on the notion of distance.
Readability assessment for text simplification
Authors: Vajjala Sowmya , Meurers Detmar
Published: January 2015

Readability assessment can play a role in the evaluation of a simplification algorithm as well as in the identification of what to simplify. While some previous research used traditional readability formulas to evaluate text simplification, there is little research into the utility of readability assessment for identifying and analyzing sentence level targets for text simplification. We explore this aspect in our paper by first constructing a readability model that is generalizable across corpora and across genres and later adapting this model to make sentence-level readability judgments.

First, we report on experiments establishing that the readability model integrating a broad range of linguistic features works well at a document level, performing on par with the best systems on a standard test corpus. Next, the model is confirmed to be transferable to different text genres. Moving from documents to sentences, we investigate the model’s ability to correctly identify the difference in reading level between a sentence and its human simplified version. We conclude that readability models can be useful for identifying simplification targets for human writers and for evaluating machine generated simplifications.
A survey of research on text simplification
Authors: Siddharthan Advaith
Published: January 2015

Text simplification, defined narrowly, is the process of reducing the linguistic complexity of a text, while still retaining the original information and meaning. More broadly, text simplification encompasses other operations; for example, conceptual simplification to simplify content as well as form, elaborative modification, where redundancy and explicitness are used to emphasise key points, and text summarisation to omit peripheral or inappropriate information. There is substantial evidence that manual text simplification is an effective intervention for many readers, but automatic simplification has only recently become an established research field. There have been several recent papers on the topic, however, which bring to the table a multitude of methodologies, each with their strengths and weaknesses. The goal of this paper is to summarise the large interdisciplinary body of work on text simplification and highlight the most promising research directions to move the field forward.
Acquiring formulaic language
Authors: McCauley Stewart M. , Christiansen Morten H.
Published: January 2015

In recent years, psycholinguistic studies have built support for the notion that formulaic language is more widespread and pervasive in adult sentence processing than previously assumed. These findings are mirrored in a number of developmental studies, suggesting that children’s item-based units do not diminish, but persist into adulthood, in keeping with a number of approaches emerging from cognitive linguistics. In the present paper, we describe a simple, psychologically motivated computational model of language acquisition in which the learning and use of formulaic expressions represents the foundation for comprehension and production processes. The model is shown to capture key psycholinguistic findings on children’s sensitivity to the properties of multiword strings and use of lexically specific multiword frames in morphological development. The results of these simulations, we argue, stress the importance of adopting a developmental perspective to better understand how formulaic expressions come to play an important role in adult language use.
Time-dependent effects of decomposability, familiarity and literal plausibility on idiom meaning activation
Authors: Titone Debra , Libben Maya
Published: January 2015

We address a core question about idioms relevant to formulaic language generally: are the figurative meanings of idioms directly retrieved or compositionally built? An understanding of this question has been previously obscured by the fact that idioms vary in ways that can affect processing, and also because experimental tasks, which differ across studies, probe different kinds of comprehension processes. We thus investigate how linguistic differences among idioms in semantic decomposability, familiarity, and literal plausibility modulate figurative meaning activation using cross-modal semantic priming, which is ideal for tracking activation of a particular target meaning over time. Across two experiments, we obtained two key findings. First, a comparison of different prime-target delay conditions suggests that figurative meaning activation steadily accrues as the idiom unfolds to 1000 ms later. Second, different linguistic attributes of idioms modulate figurative activation at different time points: increased literal plausibility interferes with idiom priming prior to the offset of the phrase, increased familiarity facilitates idiom priming at phrase offset, and increased semantic decomposability (surprisingly) interferes with idiom priming 1000 ms following phrase offset. These results contradict strong decompositional models of idiom processing and rather suggest that multiple linguistic factors jointly constrain figurative meaning retrieval in a time-dependent fashion.
To better serve our community: Introducing new Associate Editors and an expanded Editorial Advisory Board for 2015
Authors: Gordon Sharona E.
Published: January 2015

We are pleased to welcome several new JGP Associate Editors and Editorial Advisory Board members.
Cooperative development of logical modelling standards and tools with CoLoMoTo
Authors: Naldi Aurélien , Monteiro Pedro T. , Müssel Christoph ,   the Consortium for Logical Models and Tools, Kestler Hans A. , Thieffry Denis , Xenarios Ioannis , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Helikar Tomas , Chaouiya Claudine
Published: January 2015

The identification of large regulatory and signalling networks involved in the control of crucial cellular processes calls for proper modelling approaches. Indeed, models can help elucidate properties of these networks, understand their behaviour and provide (testable) predictions by performing in silico experiments. In this context, qualitative, logical frameworks have emerged as relevant approaches, as demonstrated by a growing number of published models, along with new methodologies and software tools. This productive activity now requires a concerted effort to ensure model reusability and interoperability between tools.

Following an outline of the logical modelling framework, we present the most important achievements of the Consortium for Logical Models and Tools, along with future objectives. Our aim is to advertise this open community, which welcomes contributions from all researchers interested in logical modelling or in related mathematical and computational developments.

Contact:  contact@colomoto.org
The assembly of miRNA-mRNA-protein regulatory networks using high-throughput expression data
Authors: Chu Tianjiao , Mouillet Jean-Francois , Hood Brian L. , Conrads Thomas P. , Sadovsky Yoel
Published: January 2015

Motivation: Inference of gene regulatory networks from high throughput measurement of gene and protein expression is particularly attractive because it allows the simultaneous discovery of interactive molecular signals for numerous genes and proteins at a relatively low cost.

Results: We developed two score-based local causal learning algorithms that utilized the Markov blanket search to identify direct regulators of target mRNAs and proteins. These two algorithms were specifically designed for integrated high throughput RNA and protein data. Simulation study showed that these algorithms outperformed other state-of-the-art gene regulatory network learning algorithms. We also generated integrated miRNA, mRNA, and protein expression data based on high throughput analysis of primary trophoblasts, derived from term human placenta and cultured under standard or hypoxic conditions. We applied the new algorithms to these data and identified gene regulatory networks for a set of trophoblastic proteins found to be differentially expressed under the specified culture conditions.

Contact:  ysadovsky@mwri.magee.edu

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
protr/ProtrWeb: R package and web server for generating various numerical representation schemes of protein sequences
Authors: Xiao Nan , Cao Dong-Sheng , Zhu Min-Feng , Xu Qing-Song
Published: January 2015

Summary: Amino acid sequence-derived structural and physiochemical descriptors are extensively utilized for the research of structural, functional, expression and interaction profiles of proteins and peptides. We developed protr, a comprehensive R package for generating various numerical representation schemes of proteins and peptides from amino acid sequence. The package calculates eight descriptor groups composed of 22 types of commonly used descriptors that include about 22 700 descriptor values. It allows users to select amino acid properties from the AAindex database, and use self-defined properties to construct customized descriptors. For proteochemometric modeling, it calculates six types of scales-based descriptors derived by various dimensionality reduction methods. The protr package also integrates the functionality of similarity score computation derived by protein sequence alignment and Gene Ontology semantic similarity measures within a list of proteins, and calculates profile-based protein features based on position-specific scoring matrix. We also developed ProtrWeb, a user-friendly web server for calculating descriptors presented in the protr package.

Availability and implementation: The protr package is freely available from CRAN: http://cran.r-project.org/package=protr , ProtrWeb, is freely available at http://protrweb.scbdd.com/ .

Contact:  oriental-cds@163.com or dasongxu@gmail.com

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Implementation framework for a fully flexible assembly system (F-FAS)
Authors: Finetto Christian , Rosati Giulio , Faccio Maurizio , Rossi Aldo
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to provide a framework for the choice, design, set-up and management of a fully flexible assembly system (F-FAS). Many industrial applications for small batch productions require highly flexible automated manufacturing systems. Moreover, some extensions of the F-FAS concept are provided.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper reviews recent findings regarding the F-FAS with a top-down approach, and defines an integrated implementation framework. This framework is structured into three strictly correlated phases, and the presented procedure is organized to be readily used for new industrial applications. Practical applications are presented to show how the system can satisfy flexibility demands in a variety of cases.

Findings

– The proposed framework is organized in three steps: convenience analysis of the F-FAS compared to a traditional flexible assembly system; an optimal design of the feeder; a choice of the set-up and sequencing algorithm yielding the highest throughput. Following these steps, the F-FAS can become an effective solution for small batch productions with frequent reconfigurations. However, due to the limited throughput, the system is not well suited for large batches.

Originality/value

– The presented framework allows to implement an F-FAS for a given industrial application, and to evaluate its efficacy with respect to other assembly technologies. Moreover, with the same implementation framework, the F-FAS concept can be applied to production fields that are different from assembly, as shown by the provided examples. This represents an important element of originality and of interest for its strong practical implications in different production environments.