bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ternary Complex Components Responsible for Rapid LDL Internalization as Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Associated with Proliferation and Early Recurrence
Authors: McDonald Elizabeth S. , Pan Tien-Chi , Pant Dhruv K. , Troester Melissa A. , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Mankoff David A. , Mach Robert H. , Chodosh Lewis A.
Published: January 2025

The ternary complex of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1)–sigma-2 receptor/transmembrane protein 97 (σ2R/TMEM97)–low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) has recently been discovered and plays a role in cholesterol transport. This study investigated whether individual components of that complex are prognostic breast cancer biomarkers and have defined expression in established molecular subtypes. A total of 4,463 invasive breast cancers were analyzed as a function of molecular and phenotypic markers, estimates of cellular proliferation, and recurrence-free survival. A gene expression signature–based assay was utilized to estimate cellular proliferation. Cox proportional hazards regression estimated relapse-free survival and multivariate Cox analysis adjusted for the association of proliferation with early relapse. PGRMC1–σ2R/TMEM97–LDLR expression was stratified by immunohistochemical (IHC) and molecular subtype, tumor grade, and size. TMEM97 exhibited the strongest correlation with proliferation, highest in estrogen receptor (ER)–positive disease (r = 0.59, P = 8.1−114). TMEM97 and PGRMC1 were associated with a risk of early recurrence, dependent upon their association with proliferation. The risk of early recurrence was highest with TMEM97 and only seen in ER+/HER2− disease [HR = 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.35–1.67; P = 5.4−14] and ER+ malignancies (HR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.31–1.68; P = 3.1−10). There was no increased risk of recurrence with TMEM97 expression in ER−/HER2− (HR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.88–1.25; P = 0.63) or ER− disease (HR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.89–1.17; P = 0.75). Components of a ternary complex associated with rapid internalization of low-density lipoprotein are biomarkers associated with cellular proliferation and early recurrence, which should help guide studies exploring them in the context of additional markers of aggressive disease. Elucidating the role of PGRMC1, TMEM97, and LDLR in breast cancer will facilitate a mechanistic understanding of how proliferation interplays with cholesterol metabolism in malignant transformation or propagation.

Significance:

This first large-scale analysis of the putative ternary complex responsible for rapid low-density lipoprotein internalization in breast cancer reveals a link between component expression and recurrence, with prognostic implications for identifying patients needing supplemental posttreatment surveillance and/or additional therapeutic approaches.
Acessibilidade e inovação: o IEB Minecraft como ferramenta para exploração de acervos
Authors: Bolle Pedro B. de Meneses
Published: January 2025

The Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros (IEB) has designed a video game in which participants create their own characters and enter the institution’s building to playfully explore the collections distributed between the Archives, the Library and the Visual Arts Collection. The aim of the launch of IEB Minecraft is to promote the Institute to a new audience – with an estimated age between 12 and 20 years old –, already used to digital language and the world of games, becoming an innovative way of getting young people to access the IEB's collections in a playfully and interactively. The selection of the collections for the game encompasses themes related to the works and trajectories of Brazilians of African descent and Black history – intellectuals, artists, poets – in their multiple expressions.
Growth after Transplanting and Seedling Quality of Veronica nakaiana and Veronica kiusiana var. glabrifolia as Influenced by Number of Cells in Plug Tray, Medium Composition, and Fertilization Level
Authors: Yoo Yong Kweon
Published: January 2025

Background and objective: This study was conducted to investigate the growth after transplanting and seedling quality of Veronica nakaiana and V. kiusiana var. glabrifolia according to number of cells in plug tray, medium composition, and fertilization level in plug seedling production.Methods: The seeds of V. nakaiana and V. kiusiana var. glabrifolia were sown according to number of cells in plug tray (50, 105, 162, 200, and 288-cell) and medium composition (mixtures of peat moss and perlite at ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:100). And, after sowing the V. kiusiana var. glabrifolia seeds, they were treated with different fertilizer levels (Hyponex 0, 0.78, 1.56, 3.12, and 6.24 g/tray) during the seedling period.Results: The seedling growth of V. nakaiana was more effective in plug tray of 50-cell than in the other plug trays, and there was no difference in growth after transplanting between 50 and 105-cell treatments. And, the growth of the seedlings was best in media mixed with peat moss and perlite at ratio of 100:0 and 80:20. In V. kiusiana var. glabrifolia, plug tray of 105-cell was best for seedling growth and plant growth after transplanting in pots. And, the seedling growth was the best in media mixed with peat moss and perlite at ratios of 80:20 and 60:40 compared to other media. The seedling growth was better in Hyponex treatments of 3.12 g/tray than in control and 6.24 g/tray treatments.Conclusion: The sowing in plug trays of 105-cell filled with a medium mixed with peat moss and perlite at a ratio of 80:20 was most suitable for the seedling growth of V. nakaiana and V. kiusiana var. glabrifolia. In V. kiusiana var. glabrifolia, the treatment of Hyponex at a total of 3.12 g/tray during the seedling period after sowing was most effective for the growth of seedling.
An Analysis of the Value and Profitability of Horticulture-Based Agro-healing Programs for Depression Reduction
Authors: Lee Sang-Mi , Lee Yong-Dae , Lee Jung-In , Jeong Sun-Jin , Moon Jiwon , Jo Yeseul , Choi Sena , Hong In-Kyoung , Shim Youngdo
Published: January 2025

Background and objective: This study analyzed the economic value of horticulture-based Agro-healing (HBAH) programs and considered how they can achieve profitability, as basic research for their sustainable operation.Methods: The research target program is an HBAH program for depression reduction, targeting groups diagnosed with depression or at high-risk of depression from 19 to 65 years old. A survey was conducted with 95 individuals related to Agro-healing, and based on the survey results, an analysis was performed on the replaceable cost, market size, and profitability by considering the medical expenses of depression patients, the consumer spending items that can be replaced by the effects of therapeutic farming programs, the remuneration for Agro-healing specialists and auxiliary personnel, and the appropriate number of such personnel.Results: An analysis of the cost scale that HBAH programs can replace found that the replaceable cost could be about 2.8 trillion won. By combining the number of mental health institutions and care farms, and the number of eligible participants, it was found that assuming that six sessions run in a year, 256,400 people will participate at approximately 2,850 institutions and farms in 2028. , enabling the programs to run 17,100 sessions in 2028. Profitability should be ensured for the sustainable operation of Agro-healing programs. In this regard, it was confirmed that participation fees should range from a minimum of 31,211 won to a maximum of 45,346 won per session.Conclusion: This study is meaningful in that it performed a basic analysis of the economic value of individual Agro-healing programs and a profitability analysis for the sustainable operation of Agro-healing programs.
Streamlining life cycle assessment for complex Mechanical Electrical and Plumbing products – Lessons from lighting
Authors: Shanker Leela , Mazzei Irene , Bowes Tim
Published: January 2025

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a framework supporting quantification of a product’s environmental impacts. Such data is required for comprehensive assessment of carbon emission impacts over the full life-cycle of products and buildings. With policymakers and the private sector pursuing decarbonisation goals, the need to streamline development of LCA data for Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) items has increased. MEP practitioners are tailoring existing LCA frameworks to accommodate supply chain complexity and unique use-phase scenarios. In lighting, LCA leadership is being driven by designers from consulting/engineering firms and manufacturers committed to identifying data gaps, inconsistencies, and uncertainty in the application of LCA. In 2025, lighting’s first Industry-Average LCA Report will be published as the result of an industry-led, international, collective analysis of five commonly used architectural luminaires. The findings suggest LCA development may be streamlined by articulating the role of manufacturers and designers in accelerating the closure of identified data gaps and adoption of consistent, industry-agreed interpretation of LCA for complex MEP items. Strategies include approaching industry LCA as a design innovation tool rather than compliance issue; assembling designer-manufacturer forums to incentivize commercial cooperation; improving global harmonisation and harnessing Industry-Average Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) and other tools as an introduction to more specific analysis.

Practical Application

With increasing significance in the growth of, and requirement for, the adoption of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) within the built environment, this paper offers leading practitioners and manufacturers an approach that can help identify current data gaps, areas of inconsistency and uncertainty within the discipline of Mechanical Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) LCA. It suggests how engaging multiple stakeholders, particularly manufacturers and designers, can deliver preliminary results that support wider industry progress within this emerging field of data collection and analysis. This paper also provides lighting manufacturers, sustainability specialists and MEP consultants with a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental impact of lighting.
The Importance of Spectral Match in Photometry
Authors: Nielsen Ole
Published: January 2025

Light sources which we meet in daily life have different power spectral distribution.

To achieve accuracy in photometric measurements with these sources, the spectral match should follow the curve for photopic vision, the V(λ) function. The consequence of spectral deviation is shown and the new CIE method of error definition compared to the US and Japanese definitions is discussed.
Evaluating Office Lighting Environments
Authors: Marans Robert W.
Published: January 2025

Quality…you know what it is. yet you don't know what it is. But that's self contradictory. But some things are better than otheis, that is. they have more quality. But when you try to say what quality is. apart from the things that have it, it all goes poof…There's nothing to talk about… But for all practical purposes it really does exist. What else arc the grades based on? Why else would people pay fortunes for some things and throw others on the trash pile?– Robert M Persig Zen and Art of Motorcycle Maintenance
Using Business Simulation Games to Explore the Effects of Instructional and Technological Support on Students’ Psychological Needs, Cognitive Load, and Learning Achievement
Authors: Lin Ying-Lien , Wang Wei-Tsong
Published: January 2025

Virtual-reality business simulation games (VRBSGs) have garnered attention in management education. However, investigating the design of efficient VRBSGs from an integrated perspective of social cognitive, self-determination, and cognitive load theories is crucial but under-addressed. Therefore, this study developed a VRBSG learning system to enhance students’ learning of retailing management in pet nutrition. Specifically, this study investigated the impact of technological and instructional support and how the VRBSG can affect students' psychological needs and cognitive load, improving their learning achievement. A total of 214 undergraduate students were recruited as research participants, and the data collected were analyzed using the partial least squares method. The results showed that the learning achievement of the experimental group playing the VRBSG improved significantly. Surprisingly, technological and instructional support did not significantly influence learning anxiety. The VRBSG design considered pet nutrition knowledge, the prompt of the VRBSG mechanism, and students’ successful feelings about the learning materials and content. This design can provide students with good feelings in a situated learning environment. These findings have significant implications for the use of VRBSGs in management education, particularly in the field of retailing management.
Impact of Berberine Hydrochloride-assisted Metformin on the Metabolism of Glycolipids and Serum Levels of TIMP-1 and TGF-β1 in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jie Yun , Zhang Yongwei , Yan Weichen
Published: January 2025

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism, leading to hyperglycemia and increased risk of complications like renal fibrosis.

Purpose

This study’s purpose is to examine how berberine hydrochloride (BBR) and metformin (Met) work together to treat T2DM, as well as how these medications affect tissue type metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), glucose, and lipid metabolism levels in the blood and transforming growth factor β1.

Methods

Using a random number table approach, overall, 100 individuals with T2DM between October 2020 and October 2022 were chosen and classified into two groups: An experimental group and an untreated group, each with 50 patients. The untreated group received Met therapy, whereas the experimental group received BBR based on the untreated group. The two groups were compared regarding efficacy, cholesterol and glucose metabolism, renal function and renal fibrosis indices, and the frequency of adverse responses.

Results

The experimental group’s effective rate was 96.00% higher than that of the untreated group (82.00%). Following treatment, the experimental group had lower levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and cholesterol (TC) than the untreated group, while the untreated group had greater levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Following the course of therapy, the observation group’s levels of cystatin (Cys-C), urinary β2 microglobulin (β2-MG), urine albumin excretion rate (UAER), and urinary microalbumin (ALB) were all lesser compared to the untreated group. Following treatment, the experimental group’s transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and TIMP-1 were lesser than those of the untreated group.

Conclusion

When Met and BBR are taken together, patients with type 2 diabetes can effectively control their glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as their levels of TGF-β1, MMP-9, and TIMP-1. They can also postpone renal interstitial fibrosis and eventually improve their kidney function, all with a high degree of safety and significant effects.
Unlocking Nutraceutical Potential: Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Therapeutic Compounds in Rice
Authors: Faseela Konganam Veedu , Berin Pathrose , Jayadeep Appukuttan , Biju Sidharthan , Jiji Joseph , Abida P. S. , Deepu Mathew
Published: January 2025

Background

Rice varieties enriched with potential bioactive compounds are poised to make a significant contribution to global health. It is anticipated that edible medications made from rice seeds will lead to novel therapeutics.

Purpose

High-yielding popular pigmented and nonpigmented rice varieties were selected for in-depth analysis of bioactive contents. Nutraceutical potential of high-yielding rice varieties often goes underexplored compared to low-yielding specialty rice varieties. This study addresses the gap by metabolomic profiling of popular rice varieties to uncover bioactive compounds with significant pharmaceutical and nutritional benefits.

Methods

Untargeted metabolomic profiling of the brown rice of pigmented and nonpigmented varieties was conducted by Orbitrap-high-resolution liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, and primary and secondary metabolites were identified and annotated. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging (RS) assay was carried out to identify the variety with superior antioxidant activity. Correlation analysis by using Metaboanalyst software identified major metabolites with RS potential. Over-representation analysis was performed for the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and major pathways were identified for metabolites with nutraceutical potential in pigmented rice.

Results

Major metabolites with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties were identified from rice varieties. Bioactive compounds detected from brown rice included choline, didodecyl-3,3-thiodipropionate, conjugated linoleic acid, oleic acid, 13( S)-HOTrE, monoolein, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, isoquinoline, trigonelline, corymboside, ferulic acid, and 2,4-quinolinediol. The DPPH RS assay revealed superior antioxidant activity in the pigmented rice, with differential metabolites from the pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids showing a significant correlation ( p < .01) with RS potential.

Conclusion

Catechin, (–)-epicatechin, (±)12(13)-DiHOME, 4-guanidinobutyric acid, and 5-methoxysalicylic acid are key metabolites that emphasize the antioxidant potential of red-colored rice as a functional food with significant health benefits. The study highlights the therapeutic promise of pigmented whole-grain rice.
Bridging Adversarial and Nonstationary Multi-Armed Bandit
Authors: Chen Ningyuan , Yang Shuoguang , Zhang Hailun
Published: January 2025

In the multi-armed bandit framework, there are two formulations that are commonly employed to handle time-varying reward distributions: adversarial bandit and nonstationary bandit. Although their oracles, algorithms, and regret analysis differ significantly, we provide a unified formulation in this article that smoothly bridges the two as special cases. The formulation uses an oracle that takes the best action sequences within a switch budget. Depending on the switch budget, it turns into the oracle in hindsight in the adversarial bandit and the dynamic oracle in the nonstationary bandit. We provide algorithms that attain the optimal regret with the matching lower bound. The optimal regret displays distinct behavior in two regimes.
Guselkumab: A New Therapeutic Option for the Treatment of Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Bhat Shubha , Choi David
Published: January 2025

Objective:

To summarize the evidence and pharmacologic profile of guselkumab for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC).

Data sources:

A PubMed search from inception to end of October 2024 using keywords guselkumab, UC, and interleukin (IL) was conducted. Additional information was obtained from abstracts and package insert.

Study selection and data extraction:

Phase 2/3 studies plus applicable literature on guselkumab pharmacologic and clinical profile were included.

Data synthesis:

Approval was based on the QUASAR program, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial assessing guselkumab’s efficacy and safety in adults with moderately to severely active UC who had inadequate response or intolerance to conventional therapies, biologics (excluding IL antagonists), or Janus Kinase inhibitors. Results indicated that guselkumab led to higher clinical remission rates at week 12 and 44 compared to placebo, along with improvements in clinical response, symptomatic remission, endoscopic improvement, and histologic normalization. Common adverse effects included respiratory tract infections, injection site reactions, and arthralgia.

Relevance to patient care and clinical practice in comparison to existing drugs:

Guselkumab is the fourth IL antagonist approved for UC, and the first to target CD64 (cells involved in IL-23 production). With its dual mechanism, guselkumab is hypothesized to neutralize IL-23 at production and reduce inflammatory response. The QUASAR findings suggest guselkumab can provide durable clinical remission and histologic normalization, addressing a significant gap in UC treatment.

Conclusion:

As the latest addition to UC therapies, guselkumab presents improved efficacy and dosing flexibility without introducing any new safety concerns compared to existing agents.
Affect Bridge: A Therapeutic Technique for Trauma Processing
Authors: Spiegel Heather , Southern Stephen
Published: January 2025

The Affect Bridge technique borrowed from ego state therapy is related to techniques in contemporary models such as emotion-focused therapy, internal family systems therapy, and Schema therapy. Affect Bridge uses vivid imagery and somatic cues to access emotions that cannot be recalled or expressed. The technique facilitates exposure to avoided experiences and transformation of perceptions, feelings, cognitions, and behaviors associated with adverse or traumatic events. The intervention is not a stand-alone treatment. Instead, Affect Bridge fits a transtheoretical approach to trauma access, processing, and resolution. Functions of the technique and instructions for implementation are described. A clinical case study illustrates the application of Affect Bridge. The technique is described in the contexts of treatment planning and the therapeutic relationship.
TikTok & Children: TikTok Cultures Research Network & TikTok Fireside Chat
Authors: Abidin Crystal , Gartland Claire , Grant Kathryn
Published: January 2025

At the TikTok & Children Symposium, the TikTok Cultures Research Network initiated a dialogue with TikTok Trust & Safety personnel to learn about their provisions and priorities for young people. The industry fireside chat was attended by scholars of TikTok cultures and intended to facilitate research agenda with real-world applications for researchers to respond to market issues as they unfold. Such cross-sector conversations provide the rare opportunity to glean insight on backend processes, query how decision-making is structured to consider other stakeholders, and learn about how big tech companies may navigate competing priorities and negotiate tensions. In the edited transcript that follows, the dialogue focuses on timely issues pertaining to minor safety and well-being, platform design and user diversity, and industry-academic partnerships. The dialogue closes with a selection of Q&As from the session, focusing especially on design changes, API access, age-gating, and the balance between universality and regionality.
Data disaffection: Toward a relational and affective understanding of datafication
Authors: Grover Rohan , Widera Josh , Ananny Mike
Published: January 2025

Research on user experiences with datafication, the transformation of social life into data, identifies “digital resignation” and “privacy cynicism” as rational responses to feeling overwhelmed and disempowered. But how, exactly, do shared feelings and emotions mediate relationships between datafication and disengaged responses – both individually and institutionally? We develop a relational analysis of datafication, deploying an infrastructural perspective and drawing on affect theory to develop the concept of data disaffection, which we define as the structural cultivation of accepting data accumulation as inevitable. Data disaffection is a structure of feeling that conditions processes across scales of analysis: it manifests in resignation and cynicism on an individual level while simultaneously structuring commercial practices. We illustrate how data disaffection highlights alternative sites and methods for understanding datafication, and we conclude by discussing the implications for understanding datafication as a cultural dynamic as well as a corporate practice.
Algorithm optimization based on intelligent management of computer electrical equipment: A comprehensive method for PT power monitoring and remote fault indicator
Authors: Wang Peng , Liu Wang , Sun Jun , Chen Liang , Lu Chen , Zheng Bowen
Published: January 2025

In response to the accuracy limitations and response delays in current power and fault detection of electromechanical equipment, long short-term memory (LSTM) network algorithm was applied for intelligent optimization and management. Firstly, voltage and power data were collected through a potential transformer (PT), and wavelet transform (WT) was applied to remove noise. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) was utilized to extract key features. Secondly, a multi-layer long short-term memory network was designed, and back propagation algorithms and time series power data were used for LSTM network training to analyze abnormal fluctuations and trends in power data in real-time, and adjust threshold settings. Then, combining the model output and historical fault data, a fault mode knowledge base was established. Potential faults were determined through pattern matching, and signals were sent out through remote indicators. Finally, the algorithm model was evaluated. The research results showed that the weighted response time of voltage drop faults was shortened by 3.3%, and the information entropy values of nine experiments were distributed from 5.11 to 5.28. The diagnostic accuracy for frequency drift was improved by 11.1%. The comprehensive algorithm model used can effectively improve the accuracy of power monitoring and response speed. This study optimizes power monitoring and fault diagnosis by applying the LSTM network algorithm, addressing the limitations of existing methods in terms of real-time performance and accuracy. It effectively enhances the fault prediction capability and response speed of power systems, offering significant application value in the fields of smart grids and equipment management.
Facilitating collaboration with collaborative technology: Prerequisites and evidence from an explanatory mixed-methods study
Authors: Gao Xian
Published: January 2025

Collaboration is widely recognized as essential for mitigating resource dependency and effectively fulfilling public responsibilities. Meanwhile, the use of information technology is expected to enhance communication and strengthen interactions among collaboration participants. Given the substantial annual investments in IT and collaboration initiatives, public managers need to understand how technology, particularly collaborative tools, can be leveraged to achieve better collaboration outcomes. This case study examines the use of collaborative technology in an intraorganizational collaboration context, employing a mixed-methods approach that begins with an experiment followed by semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that the use of collaborative technology alone does not guarantee improvements in the collaboration process or performance. Achieving desired outcomes requires a supportive organizational and technological environment characterized by sustained leadership, thorough planning, active stakeholder engagement, robust communication mechanisms, and a commitment to continuous learning. Most importantly, genuine collaboration and engagement from all parties involved are key to success.
Quantifying player versatility through lineup-based playing styles in elite basketball
Authors: Guo Tianxiao , Ley Christophe , Cui Yixiong , Shen Yanfei , Zhang Chengyi , Mi Jing
Published: January 2025

Understanding and quantifying playing styles across different lineups is crucial for evaluating player roles, optimizing lineup combinations, and recruiting suitable athletes. This study proposes a comprehensive framework to capture player versatility, defined as the range of playing styles exhibited across various lineups in elite basketball. We collected data from 11,978 games spanning 10 NBA regular seasons and extracted lineup-based player statistics and applied Non-negative Matrix Factorization to reduce dimensionality, identifying 6 performance bases that represent playing styles in specific lineups. A two-step clustering algorithm based on cosine distance was then used to group typical performance patterns and quantify each player's versatility. To compare versatility between players, we employed the Wasserstein distance, providing an interpretable alignment of playing styles. This framework offers basketball practitioners a powerful tool to assess player performance across lineups, supporting informed decisions in lineup optimization, player development and recruitment in basketball and other team sports.
Comparison of intravenous dexmedetomidine and ketamine with femoral nerve block for positional pain before spinal anaesthesia in patients with fracture femur: A prospective randomised study
Authors: Ch V Jyotsna , Nikhar Sapna Annaji , Kar Akhya Kumar , Durga Padmaja
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Patient positioning for spinal anaesthesia in patients with femur fracture is extremely painful and various methods have been tried to reduce mobilisation pain.

Aim:

To compare the analgesic efficacy of intravenous dexmedetomidine, ketamine and femoral nerve block in patients posted for fractured femur for alleviating the positional pain before spinal anaesthesia.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 75 patients (25 per group) of American Society of Anaesthetists Grade I–III patients of age group 18–80 years with fractured femur scheduled for elective surgery. All patients in Group C (n = 25) were given the femoral nerve block, Group D (n = 25) were given intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.5µg/kg and Group K (n = 25) were given intravenous ketamine 0.3mg/kg. The parameters assessed were quantitative relief of pain by a numerical rating scale and patient satisfaction score, quality of patient positioning and time to perform spinal anaesthesia along with hemodynamics and sedation score.

Results:

The pain scores and patient satisfaction scores were significantly decreased in all three groups but were much significantly lower in Group K.

Conclusion:

Ketamine was found to be superior to the other two groups in terms of reducing positional pain.
Liquid Biopsy for Spinal Tumors: On the Frontiers of Clinical Application
Authors: Tan Sze Kiat , Bettegowda Chetan , Yip Stephen , Sahgal Arjun , Rhines Laurence , Reynolds Jeremy , Lazary Aron , Laufer Ilya , Gasbarrini Alessandro , Dea Nicolas , Verlaan J. J. , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Fisher Charles G. , Boriani Stefano , Cecchinato Riccardo , Goodwin Matthew L. , Goodwin C. Rory , Charest-Morin Raphaële
Published: January 2025

Study Design

Narrative review.

Objectives

This article aims to provide a narrative review of the current state of research for liquid biopsy in spinal tumors and to discuss the potential application of liquid biopsy in the clinical management of patients with spinal tumors.

Methods

A comprehensive review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases, and the review was limited to articles of English language. All the relevant articles which were identified to be related to liquid biomarker study in spinal tumors, were studied in full text.

Results

Liquid biopsy has revolutionized the field of precision medicine by guiding personalized clinical management of cancer patients based on the liquid biomarker status. In recent years, more research has been done to investigate its potential utilization in patients with tumors from the spine. Herein, we review the liquid biomarkers that have been proposed in different spine malignancies including chordoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, astrocytoma and ependymoma. We also discuss the wide window of opportunity to utilize these liquid biomarkers in diagnosis, treatment response, monitoring, and detection of minimal residual disease in patients with spinal tumors.

Conclusions

Liquid biomarkers, especially blood-derived circulating tumor DNA, has a promising clinical utility as they are disease-specific, minimally invasive, and the procedure is repeatable. Prospective studies with larger populations are needed to fully establish its use in the setting of spinal tumors.
Nomogram for predicting nutritional risk of cognitive impairment
Authors: Chen Yuhang , Diao Junlin , Ren Xuezhuang , Wei Chunxiang , Zhou Xue
Published: January 2025

Background

Cognitive impairment patients are prone to malnutrition, which further promotes cognitive decline. Cognitive impairment patients are unable to accurately answer subjective questions in the nutrition screening scale. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a nutritional risk prediction model using objective evaluation indicators to evaluate the nutritional status of cognitive impairment patients during hospitalization.

Objective

To develop a nomogram for prediction of the nutritional risk in cognitive impairment patients.

Methods

The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used for regression analysis, and predictive factors were selected based on 10-fold cross validation. Then, using the selected predictive factors, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the final clinical prediction model. Moreover, the performance of the model was evaluated from receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. Further assessment was conducted through internal validation.

Results

Six predictive factors were selected from 20 variables through LASSO, including body mass index, age, triglyceride, taking cognitive-improving drugs, controlling nutritional status, and geriatric nutritional risk index. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training cohort was 0.91, while the validation cohort was 0.88, indicating that the model constructed with 6 predictors had moderate predictive ability. The decision curve analysis showed that the threshold range for both groups was 0.00–0.80, with the highest net benefit 0.76 for training cohort, while 0.77 for validation cohort.

Conclusions

Introducing six predictive factors, the risk nomogram is useful for predicting nutritional risk of cognitive impairment.
Cleft Care in the Developing World: Building the Full Continuum in El Salvador
Authors: Soubra Yasmine , Daum Rachel , Le Hung , Frommer Sarah , Harshbarger Raymond J.
Published: January 2025

Objective: To reflect upon the evolution of global surgical care in lower and middle income countries (LMICs) through the analysis of healthcare delivery models and our senior author’s personal experiences to implement an advanced model of effective cleft care in the developing world. Materials and Methods: A thorough literature review was conducted on the need for cleft care in the developing world and how international organizations have responded. We analyzed the types of healthcare delivery models, delineating between those addressing immediate operations versus models emphasizing long-term healthcare investments through local infrastructure and primary care system expansion. We also highlight our senior author’s experiences, a craniofacial-trained plastic surgeon who has worked with a local cleft organization in Austin, Texas and undergone individual mission trips to El Salvador for over a decade. Results: In the United States, outcomes in cleft care have improved due to subspecialization and multi-disciplinary care. We believe that the combination of high-level surgical care and a coordinated team approach are the two most important determinants of good cleft outcomes and pillars of what we are trying to uphold in our model in El Salvador and the developing world. Implementation of a model named the Oblique Model, which achieves synergy between immediate and lasting investments while ensuring trusting partnerships, can enrich LMICs to build sustainable local healthcare delivery services, benefiting local communities through addressing the cleft care continuum from lip/palate treatment to orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Conclusion: Global surgical care has undergone significant changes in recent decades. To respond to the rising need for cleft care in LMICs and ensure optimal outcomes, implementation of a model that encompasses multidisciplinary care, subspecialization, culturally sensitive discussion, partnership, and fellowship style training in both the first world and host countries is crucial for optimizing craniofacial care.
Managing Late-Onset ERF-Related Craniosynostosis With Cranial Vault Distraction Osteogenesis
Authors: Ferry Andrew M. , Marx-Albuquerque Leandro , Burch Samantha J. , Meza-Rochin Ana , Balumuka Darius , Howell Lori K. , Selden Nathan R. , Wolfswinkel Erik M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: ETS2 Repressor Factor (ERF) gene-related craniosynostosis is a rare condition characterized by pre- and/or post-natal fusion of 1 or more cranial sutures. In this report, we present our center’s experience managing ERF-related craniosynostosis in 2 patients with intracranial hypertension using cranial vault distraction osteogenesis (CVDO). Methods: Both patients underwent genetic testing and 24 hour intracranial pressure monitoring prior to surgery. Additionally, they were followed with regular clinical and dilated eye exams for a minimum of 2 years after surgery. Morphological and volumetric analysis were performed using pre- and post-operative computed tomography (CT) scans. Results: Both patients presented with late-onset, multisuture craniosynostosis. Patient 1 underwent lateral expansion of 2 frontoparieto-occipital bone segments at 5 years of age. A total expansion of 28 mm was performed (14 mm on each side) over a period of 12 days. Pre- and post-operative CIs were 69.3 and 81.3, respectively, and volumetric analysis revealed a 24.4% increase in his intracranial volume. Patient 2 underwent posterior expansion of a single parieto-occipital bone segment at 4 years and 10 months of age. A total expansion of 25.2 mm was performed over a period of 21 days. Pre- and post-operative CIs were 72.8 and 69.9, respectively. Volumetric analysis could not be performed owing to the poor resolution of the patient’s post-operative CT scan that was obtained from an outside institution. Both patients had their distractors removed following a 2 month consolidation period. No complications, signs of intracranial hypertension, or bony defects were noted for both patients at 2 years post-operatively. Conclusions: CVDO provides a tested option with excellent outcomes for treating patients with ERF-related craniosynostosis. Continued education of clinicians and families regarding ERF-related craniosynostosis is key to ensuring that patients with this genetic mutation promptly establish care for close surveillance and, in turn, prompt treatment if necessary.
Acute macular neuroretinopathy occurrence in a Behçet disease patient: a case report
Authors: Mabchour Ayman , Ould Hamou Moncef , Correa Simon , Willermain François , Kisma Nacima
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To report the occurrence of AMN (Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy) in a Behçet Disease (BD) patient during an active systemic inflammatory relapse and to describe the SD-OCT features of this entity.

Patients and methods

Retrospective observational case report of a patient who presented with an AMN during a BD associated ocular inflammation (Saint Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium). Clinical record and imaging, including infrared reflectance image (IR) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), were analyzed.

Results

A 25-year-old man presented with an acute right eye scotoma due to AMN in the setting of active systemic BD. Oral corticosteroid therapy and corticosteroid sparing agents (azathioprine) were prescribed. Close observation revealed progressive lesion regression.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the association between AMN and BD may occur in the context of active systemic disease, though further studies are required to better establish this link. Vigilance appears warranted during inflammatory episodes in BD, as they might contribute to such manifestations. Clinicians could consider BD as a potential differential diagnosis in patients presenting with features suggestive of AMN, and neurological involvement may merit cerebral imaging to exclude other causes. Additionally, the management of posterior uveitis in BD, if present, may benefit from timely and targeted treatment. Further investigations are necessary to refine management strategies for AMN in patients with BD.
Genetic determinants of silver nanoparticle resistance and the impact of gamma irradiation on nanoparticle stability
Authors: Mahfouz Amira M. , Eraqi Walaa A. , El Hifnawi Hala Nour El Din , Shawky Alaa El Din , Samir Reham , Ramadan Mohamed A.
Published: January 2025

Background

One of the main issues facing public health with microbial infections is antibiotic resistance. Nanoparticles (NPs) are among the best alternatives to overcome this issue. Silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) preparations are widely applied to treat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Therefore, there is an urgent need for greater knowledge regarding the effects of improper and excessive use of these medications. The current study describes the consequences of long-term exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of AgNPs on the bacterial sensitivity to NPs and the reflection of this change on the bacterial genome.

Results

Chemical methods have been used to prepare AgNPs and gamma irradiation has been utilized to produce more stable AgNPs. Different techniques were used to characterize and identify the prepared AgNPs including UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed 50–100 nm spherical-shaped AgNPs. Eleven gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial isolates were collected from different wound infections. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AgNPs against the tested isolates were evaluated using the agar dilution method. This was followed by the induction of bacterial resistance to AgNPs using increasing concentrations of AgNPs. All isolates changed their susceptibility level to become resistant to high concentrations of AgNPs upon recultivation at increasing concentrations of AgNPs. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on selected susceptible isolates of gram-positive Staphylococcus lentus (St.L.1), gram-negative Klebsiella pneumonia (KP.1), and their resistant isolates St.L_R.Ag and KP_R.Ag to detect the genomic changes and mutations.

Conclusions

For the detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the identification of all variants (SNPs, insertions, and deletions) in our isolates, the Variation Analysis Service tool available in the Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC) was used. Compared to the susceptible isolates, the AgNPs-resistant isolates St.L_R.Ag and KP_R.Ag had unique mutations in specific efflux pump systems, stress response, outer membrane proteins, and permeases. These findings might help to explain how single-nucleotide variants contribute to AgNPs resistance. Consequently, strict regulations and rules regarding the use and disposal of nano waste worldwide, strict knowledge of microbe-nanoparticle interaction, and the regulated disposal of NPs are required to prevent pathogens from developing nanoparticle resistance.
Fast, bioluminescent blinks attract group members of the nocturnal flashlight fish Anomalops katoptron (Bleeker, 1856)
Authors: Jägers Peter , Herlitze Stefan
Published: January 2025

Background

During their nighttime shoaling, the flashlight fish Anomalops katoptron produce fascinating, bioluminescent blink patterns, which have been related to the localization of food, determination of nearest neighbor distance, and initiation of the shoal’s movement direction. Information transfer e.g., via alarm signals is an important aspect in group living species especially when being under threat. In dark environments, bioluminescence has the potential to accurately transfer such information. Under threat A. katoptron show increased swimming speeds and a higher group cohesion accompanied by fast blink frequencies.

Results

In this study we used a two-choice paradigm to test the preferences for typical blink characteristics e.g., frequency and duration. Our data show that individuals decided within short periods (< 4 s) for faster blink frequencies of artificial light organs and the preference for the higher blink frequencies became more pronounced as the difference between the presented frequencies increased. The preference correlated with the frequency rather than the duration.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that fast, bioluminescent blinks of light organs lead to aggregations of A. katoptron.
Emotion dysregulation and impulsivity as overlapping symptoms in adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder: severity profiles and associations with childhood traumatization and personality functioning
Authors: Kenézlői Eszter , Balogh Lívia , Somogyi Szilvia , Lévay Evelyn E. , Halmai Zsuzsa , Nemoda Zsófia , Unoka Zsolt S. , Réthelyi János M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Increased levels of emotion dysregulation and impulsive behavior are overlapping symptoms in adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (aADHD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), both symptom domains reflecting on inhibitory control, although from different angles. Our aims were to describe their differences in the above conditions, investigate their associations with childhood traumatization, and to explore the potential mediation of emotion dysregulation and impulsivity between childhood traumas and personality functioning.

Methods

Young adults between 18 and 36 years diagnosed with aADHD (n = 100) and BPD (n = 63) were investigated with structured clinical interviews, while age-matched healthy controls (n = 100) were screened for psychiatric disorders. Patients with aADHD-BPD comorbidity were excluded from further analyses. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Level of Personality Functioning Scale, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form were administered to investigate trait measures and childhood traumatization, respectively. Behavioral impulsivity and delay aversion were assessed using selected tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, and a computerized decision-making paradigm based on the Rogers decision-making task, respectively.

Results

Significantly higher levels of emotion dysregulation and impulsivity were present both in the aADHD and BPD groups, however with different profiles. Waiting and stopping impulsivity was selectively higher among aADHD patients compared to healthy controls. The BPD group reported higher levels of emotion dysregulation in all domains, and demonstrated increased delay aversion among uncertain conditions in decision-making. Higher levels of childhood trauma were associated with emotion dysregulation, trait impulsivity, and delay aversion across groups. Emotion regulatory capacity played a significant mediating role between childhood traumatization and the level of personality functioning.

Conclusions

Inhibitory control profiles of the aADHD and BPD groups were divergent. Childhood traumatization was associated with lower levels of personality functioning in adulthood, independently of diagnosis, an effect mediated more by emotion dysregulation, rather than impulsivity. These findings have various clinical implications for the treatment of aADHD and BPD, including psychoeducation, pharmacological interventions, and psychotherapy targeting specific symptom domains.