bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra-observer repeatability when assessing the foetal urinary bladder volume by the Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis and SUM-OF-CYLINDERS methods: A pilot study
Authors: Fagerquist Mats A , Sethi Vivek , Skytteren Eli , Oden Anders
Published: May 2017

Introduction

The aim of this study was to compare the intra-observer repeatability when using two different methods for estimating the volume of foetal urinary bladders.

Method

The urinary bladders of 20 foetuses were documented by three-dimensional ultrasound. Standard deviation was compared when the volumes of identical bladder images were repeatedly estimated using the Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis and the experimental SUM-OF-CYLINDERS methods.

Results

No systematic deviation was found between the estimated volumes when using these two methods. Standard deviation was smaller for the SUM-OF-CYLINDERS compared to the Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis method (p < 0.0001). In relation to bladder volumes of 5–25 ml, standard deviation was 11–14% for the Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis and 4–5% for the SUM-OF-CYLINDERS method.

Conclusions

Using three-dimensional ultrasound images adapted for the Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis method, foetal urinary bladder volumes can also be estimated using the SUM-OF-CYLINDERS method. The SUM-OF-CYLINDERS method employs technical advances which may result in a lower standard deviation and therefore higher intra-observer repeatability.
Analyses of thrombi in acute ischemic stroke: A consensus statement on current knowledge and future directions
Authors: De Meyer Simon F , Andersson Tommy , Baxter Blaise , Bendszus Martin , Brouwer Patrick , Brinjikji Waleed , Campbell Bruce CV , Costalat Vincent , Dávalos Antoni , Demchuk Andrew , Dippel Diederik , Fiehler Jens , Fischer Urs , Gilvarry Michael , Gounis Matthew J , Gralla Jan , Jansen Olav , Jovin Tudor , Kallmes David , Khatri Pooja , Lees Kennedy R , López-Cancio Elena , Majoie Charles , Marquering Henk , Narata Ana Paula , Nogueira Raul , Ringleb Peter , Siddiqui Adnan , Szikora István , Vale David , von Kummer Rüdiger , Yoo Albert J , Hacke Werner , Liebeskind David S
Published: May 2017

Limited data exist on clot composition and detailed characteristics of arterial thrombi associated with large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke. Advances in endovascular thrombectomy and related imaging modalities have created a unique opportunity to analyze thrombi removed from cerebral arteries. Insights into thrombus composition, etiology, physical properties and neurovascular interactions may lead to future advancements in acute ischemic stroke treatment and improved clinical outcomes. Advances in imaging techniques may enhance clot characterization and inform therapeutic decision-making prior to treatment and reveal stroke etiology to guide secondary prevention. Current imaging techniques can provide some information about thrombi, but there remains much to evaluate about relationships that may exist among thrombus composition, occlusion characteristics and treatment outcomes. Improved pathophysiological characterization of clot types, their properties and how these properties change over time, together with clinical correlates from ongoing studies, may facilitate revascularization with thrombolysis and thrombectomy. Interdisciplinary approaches covering clinical, engineering and scientific aspects of thrombus research will be key to advancing the understanding of thrombi and improving acute ischemic stroke therapy. This consensus statement integrates recent research on clots and thrombi retrieved from cerebral arteries and provides a rationale for further analyses, including current opportunities and limitations.
Establishing the appropriate position of proximal humerus locking plates: a cadaveric study of five plating systems and their anatomic reference measurements
Authors: Butler Matthew A , Chauhan Aakash , Merrell Gregory A , Greenberg Jeffrey A
Published: May 2017

Background

The present study aimed to determine anatomic references for the placement of five proximal humerus locking plates.

Methods

Five proximal humerus locking-plate systems were placed on six human shoulder cadavers. Plates were positioned by fluoroscopic confirmation so that the inferior oblique screw was within 5 mm of the inferomedial cortex. Plate position was measured using the superior border of the pectoralis major tendon (PMT) to the bottom of the first slotted or nonlocking hole and top of the plate to the top of the greater tuberosity. The distance from the PMT insertion to the top of the humeral head was measured as a control.

Results

There was consistency within each plating system for both the distance from the PMT insertion to the first hole and the top of the plate to the greater tuberosity: Synthes first-generation [mean (SD) 13.7 mm (3.1 mm); 10 mm (1.3) mm], Synthes second-generation [28.2 mm (2.2 mm); 18.5 mm (2.7 mm)], Biomet OptiLock® [25.5 mm (2.7 mm); 18.7 mm (2 mm)], Stryker AxSOS® [5 mm (2.8 mm); 12.3 mm (3.3 mm)] and Acumed Polarus® [9.5 mm (1.8 mm); 14.8 mm (1.6 mm)].

Conclusions

The present study provides measurements that improve the accuracy of plate positioning for five plating systems.
Intraarticular Injection of a Cross-Linked Sodium Hyaluronate Combined with Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (Cingal) to Provide Symptomatic Relief of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Hangody Laszlo , Szody Robert , Lukasik Piotr , Zgadzaj Wojciech , Lénárt Endre , Dokoupilova Eva , Bichovsk Daniela , Berta Agnes , Vasarhelyi Gabor , Ficzere Andrea , Hangody György , Stevens Gary , Szendroi Miklos
Published: May 2017

Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intraarticular injection of Cingal (Anika Therapeutics, Inc., Bedford, MA) compared with Monovisc (Anika Therapeutics, Inc., Bedford, MA) or saline for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

Design:

This multicenter, double-blind, saline-controlled clinical trial randomized subjects with knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grades I-III) to a single injection of Cingal (4 mL, 88 mg hyaluronic acid [HA] plus 18 mg triamcinolone hexacetonide [TH]), Monovisc (4 mL, 88 mg HA), or saline (4 mL, 0.9%). The primary efficacy outcome was change in WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index) Pain Score through 12 weeks with Cingal versus saline. Secondary outcomes included Patient and Evaluator Global Assessments, OMERACT-OARSI Responder index, and WOMAC Total, Stiffness, and Physical Function scores through 26 weeks.

Results:

A total of 368 patients were treated (Cingal, n = 149; Monovisc, n = 150; saline, n = 69). Cingal improvement from baseline was significantly greater than saline through 12 weeks ( P = 0.0099) and 26 weeks ( P = 0.0072). WOMAC Pain was reduced by 70% at 12 weeks and by 72% at 26 weeks with Cingal. Significant improvements were found in most secondary endpoints for pain and function at most time points through 26 weeks. At 1 and 3 weeks, Cingal was significantly better than Monovisc for most endpoints; Cingal and Monovisc were similar from 6 weeks through 26 weeks. A low incidence of related adverse events was reported.

Conclusions:

Cingal provides immediate and long-term relief of osteoarthritis-related pain, stiffness, and function, significant through 26 weeks compared to saline. Cingal had similar immediate advantages compared with HA alone, while showing benefit comparable to HA at 6 weeks and beyond.
Self-regulation in entrepreneurs
Authors: O’Shea Deirdre , Buckley Finian , Halbesleben Jonathon
Published: May 2017

Psychological processes (e.g., cognition, motivation, emotions) have emerged as key to understanding entrepreneurial actions and success. Currently, we do not know enough about specific entrepreneurial psychological processes and particularly lack knowledge about their cumulative or interactive effects. Self-regulation offers some promise in understanding these issues. However, self-regulation in entrepreneurship has not been fully explored, which limits our understanding. We address this by introducing an integrated model of episodic self-regulation (the A-CEM-A model) to map the reciprocal regulatory effects of action, cognition, emotion, and motivation in entrepreneurship research and isolate a series of propositions stemming from the model. We further explore the resource implications of the A-CEM-A model for entrepreneurs managing several self-regulatory processes simultaneously. The A-CEM-A model offers a novel and unique insight into entrepreneurial action and psychological processes, and presents a roadmap for future researchers interested in adopting an episodic process perspective in entrepreneurship research.
Vasodilator responsiveness in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: identifying a distinct phenotype with distinct physiology and distinct prognosis
Authors: Langleben David , Orfanos Stylianos
Published: May 2017

Within the cohort of patients suffering from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a group that responds dramatically (VR‐PAH) to an acute vasodilator challenge and that has excellent long‐term hemodynamic improvement and prognosis on high dose calcium channel blockers compared with vasodilator non‐responders (VN‐PAH). For the purposes of diagnosing VR‐PAH, there is to date no test to replace the acute vasodilator challenge. However, recent studies have identified markers that may aid in the identification of VR‐PAH, including peripheral blood lymphocyte RNA expression levels of desmogelin‐2 and Ras homolog gene family member Q, and plasma levels of provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus. Genome wide‐array studies of peripheral blood DNA have demonstrated differences in disease specific genetic variants between VR‐PAH and NR‐PAH, with particular convergence on cytoskeletal function pathways and Wnt signaling pathways. These studies offer hope for future non‐invasive identification of VR‐PAH, and insights into pathogenesis that may lead to novel therapies. Examination of the degree of pulmonary microvascular perfusion in PAH has offered additional insights. During the acute vasodilator challenge, VR‐PAH patients demonstrate true vasodilation with recruitment and increased perfusion of the capillary bed, while VN‐PAH patients are unable to recruit vasculature. In the very few reports of lung histology, VR‐PAH has more medial thickening in the precapillary arterioles, while VN‐PAH has the classic histology of PAH, including intimal thickening. VR‐PAH is a disorder with a phenotype distinct from VN‐PAH and other types of PAH, and should be considered separately in the classification of PAH.
The HEART score for early rule out of acute coronary syndromes in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Van Den Berg Patricia , Body Richard
Published: May 2017

Aims:

The objective of this systematic review was to summarise the current evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of the HEART score for predicting major adverse cardiac events in patients presenting with undifferentiated chest pain to the emergency department.

Methods and results:

Two investigators independently searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases between 2008 and May 2016 identifying eligible studies providing diagnostic accuracy data on the HEART score for predicting major adverse cardiac events as the primary outcome. For the 12 studies meeting inclusion criteria, study characteristics and diagnostic accuracy measures were systematically extracted and study quality assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. After quality assessment, nine studies including data from 11,217 patients were combined in the meta-analysis applying a generalised linear mixed model approach with random effects assumption (Stata 13.1). In total, 15.4% of patients (range 7.3–29.1%) developed major adverse cardiac events after a mean of 6 weeks’ follow-up. Among patients categorised as ‘low risk’ and suitable for early discharge (HEART score 0–3), the pooled incidence of ‘missed’ major adverse cardiac events was 1.6%. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the HEART score for predicting major adverse cardiac events were 96.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 94.0–98.2%) and 47.0% (95% CI 41.0–53.5%), respectively.

Conclusions:

Patients with a HEART score of 0–3 are at low risk of incident major adverse cardiac events. As 3.3% of patients with major adverse cardiac events are ‘missed’ by the HEART score, clinicians must ask whether this risk is acceptably low for clinical implementation.
Clarifying the Factor Structure of the Mental Health Continuum Short Form in Three Languages: A Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Schutte Lusilda , Wissing Marié P.
Published: May 2017

The Mental Health Continuum Short Form measures both the private and public aspects of overall positive mental health. This study explored the factor structure of English (n = 324), Afrikaans (n = 476), and Setswana (n = 258) versions of the scale among culturally diverse South African students. A bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling model displayed superior fit, with the overall scale but not the subscales attaining sufficient reliability. The “social integration” and “social contribution” items appeared to provide a better representation of overall mental health (and psychological well-being for social integration) than the intended social well-being dimension, and the psychological well-being items mainly represented general mental health in the African group. These findings suggest the need for a culturally sensitive clarification of the private to public continuum in the conceptualization and manifestation of eudaimonic well-being. The scale exhibited partial scalar invariance across the groups.
Silicone Oil in Optic Chiasm: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Shanmugam Mahesh P. , Gopal Swaroop , Reddy Rajiv , Ramanjulu Rajesh , Mishra Divyansh K. C. , Sagar Pradeep
Published: May 2017

Purpose:

To report a case of silicone oil migration into optic chiasm with resultant visual field defect in the fellow eye. We also summarize the risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the silicone oil migration and the subsequent neurological effects associated with it.

Methods:

A 36-year-old gentleman presented with a history of vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade in the left eye with sudden-onset temporal field defect in the right eye. Silicone oil was identified in left optic nerve and left half of optic chiasm. Intrachiasmatic and intraneural silicone oil was removed by left pterional craniotomy.

Result:

Prompt visual field recovery in the right eye after the neurosurgical intervention was noted.

Conclusion:

Intracranial migration of silicone oil is rare, with only a handful of cases reported in the literature. Intrachiasmal and intraneural silicone oil is associated with loss of nerve fibers and resultant vision and visual field loss. Prompt neurosurgical intervention results in the improvement of visual field defects. So early identification and neurosurgical intervention is warranted. Vitreoretinal surgeons should be aware of transneural migration of silicone oil, and a high degree of suspicion is warranted when patient develops visual symptoms in the fellow eye, particularly in cases with glaucomatous optic neuropathy and secondary elevated intraocular pressure or in any disc malformation.
Functional Analysis in Virtual Environments
Authors: Vasquez Eleazar , Marino Matthew T. , Donehower Claire , Koch Aaron
Published: May 2017

Functional analysis (FA) is an assessment procedure involving the systematic manipulation of an individual’s environment to determine why a target behavior is occurring. An analog FA provides practitioners the opportunity to manipulate variables in a controlled environment and formulate a hypothesis for the function of a behavior. In previous studies, researchers have attempted to train practitioners who have no experience with FA to implement the conditions with procedural integrity. In these studies, researchers used a traditional professional development model (e.g., didactic training, role-play). To date, simulation and virtual environments have not been used to enhance FA training procedures in the preparation of teachers and behavior analysts. In the current investigation, we sought to train educators to implement two test conditions of an analog FA (i.e., attention, escape). The intervention package included a didactic training and individual and group-rehearsed FA trainings in a virtual environment (i.e., TeachLivE™). Teachers demonstrated an increase in their fidelity of implementation within three sessions and generalized performance to a classroom setting. The implications for rural teachers are considerable as the results suggest we can train teachers on complex assessment techniques at a distance.
Ethical Issues in Rural Programs for Behavior Analysis for Students With Disabilities
Authors: Young-Pelton Cheryl A. , Dotson Tyler D.
Published: May 2017

Procedures derived from the field of applied behavior analysis (ABA) have extensive research support for use with students with disabilities, such as autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and emotional and behavioral disorders. These procedures should be implemented within the parameters of professional and ethical guidelines to promote positive student outcomes. Issues concerning the ethical use of behavior analytic procedures may arise when programming for students with Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) in rural, isolated, or remote areas. Key elements of ethical practice for rural professionals include cultural competence, understanding one’s limits of expertise, and effective training and supervision for direct implementers. The authors conducted a survey of 76 behavior analysts to determine ethical dilemmas in rural practice and how these issues were resolved. They found no significant differences between rural and metro areas. Suggestions for practitioners and further research are highlighted.
Acquired resistance to macrolides inPseudomonas aeruginosafrom cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad-Hariri , Khandekar Shaunak , Tunney Michael M. , Elborn J. Stuart , Kahl Barbara C. , Denis Olivier , Plésiat Patrick , Traore Hamidou , Tulkens Paul M. , Vanderbist Francis , Van Bambeke Françoise
Published: May 2017

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients receive chronic treatment with macrolides for their antivirulence and anti-inflammatory properties. We, however, previously showed thatPseudomonas aeruginosa, considered as naturally resistant to macrolides, becomes susceptible when tested in a eukaryotic medium rather than a conventional broth.

We therefore looked for specific macrolide resistance determinants in 333 CF isolates from four European CF centres in comparison with 48 isolates from patients suffering from hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP).

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of macrolides and ketolides measured in eukaryotic medium (RPMI-1640) were higher towards CF than HAP isolates. Gene sequencing revealed mutations at three positions (2045, 2046 and 2598) in domain V of 23S rRNA of 43% of sequenced CF isolates, but none in HAP isolates. Enzymes degrading extracellular polymeric substances also reduced MICs, highlighting a role of the mucoid, biofilm-forming phenotype in resistance. An association between high MICs and chronic azithromycin administration was evidenced, which was statistically significant for patients infected by the Liverpool Epidemic Strain.

Thus, ribosomal mutations are highly prevalent in CF isolates and may spread in epidemic clones, arguing for prudent use of oral macrolides in these patients. Measuring MICs in RPMI-1640 could be easily implemented in microbiology laboratories to phenotypically detect resistance.
Fluid responsiveness predicted by transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen in patients with circulatory failure: a prospective study
Authors: Xu Jingyuan , Peng Xiao , Pan Chun , Cai Shixia , Zhang Xiwen , Xue Ming , Yang Yi , Qiu Haibo
Published: May 2017

Background

Significant effort has been devoted to defining parameters for predicting fluid responsiveness. Our goal was to study the feasibility of predicting fluid responsiveness by transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (PtcO2) in the critically ill patients.

Methods

This was a single-center prospective study conducted in the intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Shock patients who presented with at least one clinical sign of inadequate tissue perfusion, defined as systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or a decrease >40 mmHg in previously hypertensive patients or the need for vasopressive drugs; urine output <0.5 ml/kg/h for 2 h; tachycardia; lactate >4 mmol/l, for less than 24 h in the absence of a contraindication for fluids were eligible to participate in the study. PtcO2 was continuously recorded before and during a passive leg raising (PLR) test, and then before and after a 250 ml rapid saline infusion in 10 min. Fluid responsiveness is defined as a change in the stroke volume ≥10% after 250 ml of volume infusion.

Results

Thirty-four patients were included, and 14 responded to volume expansion. In the responders, the mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume and PtcO2 increased significantly, while the heart rate decreased significantly by both PLR and volume expansion. Changes in the stroke volume induced either by PLR or volume expansion were significantly greater in responders than in non-responders. The correlation between the changes in PtcO2 and stroke volume induced by volume expansion was significant. Volume expansion induced an increase in the PtcO2 of 14% and PLR induced an increase in PtcO2 of 13% predicted fluid responsiveness.

Conclusions

This study suggested the changes in PtcO2 induced by volume expansion and a PLR test predicted fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients.

Trial registration NCT02083757.
Designing Clinical Trials That Accept New Arms: An Example in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Ventz Steffen , Alexander Brian M. , Parmigiani Giovanni , Gelber Richard D. , Trippa Lorenzo
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The majority of randomized oncology trials are two-arm studies that test the efficacy of new therapies against a standard of care, thereby assigning a large proportion of patients to nonexperimental therapies. In contrast, multiarm studies efficiently share a common control arm while evaluating multiple experimental therapies. A major bottleneck for traditional multiarm trials is the requirement that all therapies—often drugs from different companies—have to be available at the same time when the trial starts. We evaluate the potential gains of a platform design—the rolling-arms design—that adds and removes arms on a rolling basis.

Methods

We define the rolling-arms design with the goal of minimizing the complexity of random assignment and data analyses of a platform trial. We then evaluate its potential advantages in hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced breast cancer. Multiple pharmaceutical companies currently test CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with letrozole in independent two-arm trials. We conducted a simulation study to quantify the reduction in sample size, number of patients treated with the standard of care, and the average time to treatment discovery if these therapies had been tested in a rolling-arms trial.

Results

A rolling-arms platform design with two to five experimental treatments can reduce the overall sample size requirement by up to 30% compared with standard two-arm studies. It assigns up to 60% fewer patients to the control arm compared with five independent trials that test distinct treatments. Moreover, under realistic scenarios, effective experimental treatments are discovered up to 15 months earlier compared with separate two-arm trials.

Conclusion

The rolling-arms platform design is applicable to a broad variety of diseases, and under realistic scenarios, it is substantially more efficient than standard two-arm randomized trials.
Transitionings and Returnings
Authors: Silva Santana Dora
Published: May 2017

The author takes her escrevivência as a Brazilian black trans woman and experiments with the poetics of Atlantic water to let the text itself be a transitioning space of poetics-autoethnography-cosmology-water-energy-memory tissue. Water is the riverine thread that runs through the sections of this text, be it as rain, as tears, as sea, as metaphor, as body, as energy. The author suggests that, for black trans people in the African diaspora, trans travel narratives evoke the metaphor of transitioning in the similar ways that M. Jacqui Alexander works with the metaphor of the crossing, which not only recalls the embodied memory of the disembodied in the “tidal current of the Middle Passage” but also “evokes/invokes crossroads, the space of convergence and endless possibility.”
“Go Beyond Our Natural Selves”
Authors: McDonald CeCe
Published: May 2017

This is a collection of the prison letters of CeCe McDonald, edited and with an introduction by Omise'eke Natasha Tinsley.
Myostatin-like proteins regulate synaptic function and neuronal morphology
Authors: Augustin Hrvoje , McGourty Kieran , Steinert Joern R. , Cochemé Helena M. , Adcott Jennifer , Cabecinha Melissa , Vincent Alec , Halff Els F. , Kittler Josef T. , Boucrot Emmanuel , Partridge Linda
Published: May 2017

Growth factors of the TGF-β superfamily play key roles in regulating neuronal and muscle function. Myostatin (or GDF8) and GDF11 are potent negative regulators of skeletal muscle mass. However, expression of both Myostatin and its cognate receptors in other tissues, including brain and peripheral nerves, suggests a potential wider biological role. Here, we show that Myoglianin (MYO), the Drosophila homolog of Myostatin and GDF11, regulates not only body weight and muscle size, but also inhibits neuromuscular synapse strength and composition in a Smad2-dependent manner. Both Myostatin and GDF11 affected synapse formation in isolated rat cortical neuron cultures, suggesting an effect on synaptogenesis beyond neuromuscular junctions. We also show that Myoglianin acts in vivo to inhibit synaptic transmission between neurons in the escape response neural circuit of adult flies. Thus, these anti-myogenic proteins act as important inhibitors of synapse function and neuronal growth.
Competitive Mobile Geo Targeting
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Li Xinxin , Sun Monic
Published: May 2017

We investigate in a competitive setting the consequences of mobile geo targeting, the practice of firms targeting consumers based on their real-time locations. A distinct market feature of mobile geo targeting is that a consumer could travel across different locations for an offer that maximizes his total utility. This mobile-deal seeking opportunity motivates firms to carefully balance prices across locations to avoid intrafirm cannibalization, which in turn mitigates interfirm price competition and prevents firms from going into a prisoner’s dilemma. As a result, a firm’s profit can be higher under mobile geo targeting than under uniform or traditional targeted pricing. We extend our model in three different directions: (a) a fraction of consumers are not aware of mobile offers outside of their permanent locations, (b) mobile offers can be collected when consumers travel for other reasons, and (c) firms use both permanent and real-time locations when setting prices. Our findings have important managerial implications for marketers who are interested in optimizing their mobile geo-targeting strategies.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1030 .
Practice Transfer in Organizations: The Role of Governance Mode for Internal and External Fit
Authors: Fortwengel Johann
Published: May 2017

This study leverages multinational corporations (MNCs) as a research context to advance our understanding of the relationship between internal and external fit over the course of the transfer of organizational practices. While internal fit describes the important condition that a practice should be aligned with organizational goals and must gain support internally, external fit refers to an additional condition for successful transfer, namely, that a particular practice must gain and sustain support and legitimacy in the environment. Studying two German MNCs transferring apprenticeship-based training to foreign operations in the United States, this paper starts from the key observation that organizations can use different governance modes to organize the transfer process: they may either go it alone and organize transfer in a hierarchy mode, or they may partner up with other organizations and form an interorganizational network for transfer. Using rich qualitative data, this paper finds that different governance modes affect the ability to attain internal and external fit by revealing a critical trade-off: while hierarchy helps create internal fit, it comes with significant additional costs to attain external fit; conversely, using the network mode facilitates the creation of external fit, but involves making compromises that reduce internal fit. Based on these findings, I theorize that different governance modes (hierarchy versus network) work through distinct processes (autonomous versus collaborative), driven by unique mechanisms (inward versus outward orientation), to influence outcomes in terms of internal and external fit. The study contributes to the literature by shifting attention to the implications of different governance modes for transfer processes.
The importance of accident prevention for school nurses
Authors: Hammett Emma
Published: May 2017

Emma Hammett explains why it is important that public health professionals, including school nurses, contribute toward accident prevention.
Emotional and mental health: Is it always good to talk?
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2017

Stephanie Thornton discusses some of the pros and cons of disclosing mental health problems and explains why she believes it is important to nuance the message to speak out.
More needs to be done for children missing in education
Authors: Ryder Rebekah
Published: May 2017

More must be done to find and support the tens of thousands of children routinely missing in education, says Dr Rebekah Ryder.
Changing experiences of responsibilisation and contestation within counter-terrorism policies: the British Prevent experience
Authors: Thomas Paul
Published: May 2017

Preventative, ‘soft’ counter-terrorism policies have proved internationally controversial, as criticisms of Britain’s Prevent strategy show. However, there is a danger that change, complexity and contestation within approaches like Prevent are overlooked. This article examines Prevent’s changing focus of ‘responsibilisation’ and, in response, changing experiences of contestation by both the local state and by local Muslim communities, including mediation and ‘enactment’ by organisations and individual professionals. In discussing this, the article argues for a more nuanced analysis of Prevent, around both the ‘state’ and the situated use of agency and policy space. This supports the contention that Prevent is ‘complexly flawed’.
Examining Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Synapses by 3D Electron Microscopy in Wildtype and Kirrel3 Knockout Mice
Authors: Martin E. Anne , Woodruff Derek , Rawson Randi L. , Williams Megan E.
Published: May 2017

Neural circuits balance excitatory and inhibitory activity and disruptions in this balance are commonly found in neurodevelopmental disorders. Mice lacking the intellectual disability and autism-associated geneKirrel3have an excitation-inhibition imbalance in the hippocampus but the precise synaptic changes underlying this functional defect are unknown. Kirrel3 is a homophilic adhesion molecule expressed in dentate gyrus (DG) and GABA neurons. It was suggested that the excitation-inhibition imbalance of hippocampal neurons in Kirrel3 knockout mice is due to loss of mossy fiber (MF) filopodia, which are DG axon protrusions thought to excite GABA neurons and thereby provide feed-forward inhibition to CA3 pyramidal neurons. Fewer filopodial structures were observed in Kirrel3 knockout mice but neither filopodial synapses nor DG en passant synapses, which also excite GABA neurons, were examined. Here, we used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM) with 3D reconstruction to define the precise connectivity of MF filopodia and elucidate synaptic changes induced by Kirrel3 loss. Surprisingly, we discovered wildtype MF filopodia do not synapse exclusively onto GABA neurons as previously thought, but instead synapse with similar frequency onto GABA neurons and CA3 neurons. Moreover, Kirrel3 loss selectively reduces MF filopodial synapses onto GABA neurons but not those made onto CA3 neurons or en passant synapses. In sum, the selective loss of MF filopodial synapses with GABA neurons likely underlies the hippocampal activity imbalance observed in Kirrel3 knockout mice and may impact neural function in patients with Kirrel3-dependent neurodevelopmental disorders.
Estrategias de inclusión en contextos escolares
Authors: Figueroa Ángel Melba Ximena , Gutiérrez de Piñeres Botero Carolina , Velázquez León Jeyson
Published: May 2017

En este artículo se presenta una revisión de las estrategias de inclusión social en la escuela presentadas en artículos científicos y textos, las cuáles fueron identificadas a través del análisis de contenido de tipo categorial en cuatro categorías; competencia, singularidad, vínculos y participación. Se encuentran aportes desde los avances en la comprensión de la inclusión a partir de estrategias que trascienden su nexo con la diversidad en su concepción como minoría, y la necesaria conexión entre el reconocimiento de la singularidad para la construcción de vínculos, el desarrollo de competencias y su incidencia en la participación como elemento clave de la inclusión.
Intento e ideación suicida y su asociación con el abuso sexual en adolescentes escolarizados de Boyacá – Colombia
Authors: Pérez Prada Mónica Patricia , Martínez Baquero Lizeth Cristina , Vianchá Pinzón Mildred Alexandra , Avendaño Prieto Bertha Lucía
Published: May 2017

El objetivo de este estudio empírico fue identificar la presencia del intento e ideación suicida, abuso sexual y la asociación entre estas variables en estudiantes de educación secundaria de tres ciudades del departamento de Boyacá. Se contó con 1292 participantes cuyas edades oscilaron entre 12 y 20 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron una Encuesta Sociodemográfica y elInventario de Ideación Suicida Positiva y Negativa. Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables estudiadas. Se identifica que los jóvenes que han sido víctimas de abuso sexual por penetración, han tenido intento suicida (1.9%); además, el 48% de las victimas presentan ideación suicida.
Cooperación en Latinoamerica: red científica de psicología
Authors: García Agnaldo , López-López Wilson , Acevedo-Triana César Andrés , Nogueira Pereira Fábio
Published: May 2017

Este estudio investigó algunos aspectos de una red cooperativa dirigida a la Psicología Latinoamericana. El estudio se basó en datos documentales disponibles para el público. La red incluyó 262 investigadores latinoamericanos y 38 de otros países, puesto que la red apoya investigadores de otros continentes interesados en cooperar. Los datos investigados fueron el país de origen, el nivel educativo, la ocupación profesional, los intereses generales en cooperar y las modalidades de cooperación buscadas. En total, los miembros procedían de 23 países, incluyendo 12 de Latinoamérica y 11 de otros continentes. Los países con el mayor número de participantes fueron Colombia, Brasil, Argentina, Chile y Perú. En términos del nivel educativo se identificaron miembros desde pregrado hasta PhD. La mayoría (n = 199) reportó tener nivel de doctorado o maestría y la mayoría (n = 203) son profesores o investigadores en el nivel universitarios. Los intereses generales de cooperación se dividieron en cuatro grupos, de los cuales los temas más citados fueron salud, salud mental y psicología social. La forma de cooperación más frecuentemente señalada fue la participación en grupos de investigación latinoamericanos. Los datos se compararon con la literatura y se discutieron las posibilidades para avanzar en la cooperación.
High-Resolution Mapping of Crossover Events in the Hexaploid Wheat Genome Suggests a Universal Recombination Mechanism
Authors: Darrier Benoit , Rimbert Hélène , Balfourier François , Pingault Lise , Josselin Ambre-Aurore , Servin Bertrand , Navarro Julien , Choulet Frédéric , Paux Etienne , Sourdille Pierre
Published: May 2017

During meiosis, crossovers (COs) create new allele associations by reciprocal exchange of DNA. In bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), COs are mostly limited to subtelomeric regions of chromosomes, resulting in a substantial loss of breeding efficiency in the proximal regions, though these regions carry ∼60–70% of the genes. Identifying sequence and/or chromosome features affecting recombination occurrence is thus relevant to improve and drive recombination. Using the recent release of a reference sequence of chromosome 3B and of the draft assemblies of the 20 other wheat chromosomes, we performed fine-scale mapping of COs and revealed that 82% of COs located in the distal ends of chromosome 3B representing 19% of the chromosome length. We used 774 SNPs to genotype 180 varieties representative of the Asian and European genetic pools and a segregating population of 1270 F6 lines. We observed a common location for ancestral COs (predicted through linkage disequilibrium) and the COs derived from the segregating population. We delineated 73 small intervals (<26 kb) on chromosome 3B that contained 252 COs. We observed a significant association of COs with genic features (73 and 54% in recombinant and nonrecombinant intervals, respectively) and with those expressed during meiosis (67% in recombinant intervals and 48% in nonrecombinant intervals). Moreover, while the recombinant intervals contained similar amounts of retrotransposons and DNA transposons (42 and 53%), nonrecombinant intervals had a higher level of retrotransposons (63%) and lower levels of DNA transposons (28%). Consistent with this, we observed a higher frequency of a DNA motif specific to the TIR-Mariner DNA transposon in recombinant intervals.
Límite natural de deuda para la economía costarricense
Authors: Chaverri Morales Carlos
Published: May 2017

Un indicador complementario a las herramientas tradicionales para el análisis de la sostenibilidad de la deuda es el “Límite Natural de Deuda” (LND) propuesto por Mendoza y Oviedo (2004). Este límite determina el valor de la deuda como proporción del PIB que es coherente con un compromiso por parte del gobierno de mantenerse solvente en caso de que experimente de forma permanente una serie de eventos que provoque que los ingresos y gastos se ajusten a niveles mínimos históricos.Utilizando información estadística del Gobierno Central de Costa Rica con frecuencia anual y para el periodo comprendido entre 1985 y 2015, se estima que el valor del LND para la economía costarricense es de 48,6%.A la luz de los resultados obtenidos y como parte de la discusión que este documento pretende fomentar es relevante mencionar que la ausencia de reformas fiscales tendientes a incrementar los ingresos o reducir el gasto público provocaría que en el corto plazo la deuda del gobierno sobrepase el valor del LND. Más aún, un ajuste del gasto público sin mejoras en los ingresos tributarios tan solo retrasaría la convergencia del nivel actual de deuda al umbral definido.Lo anterior condicionaría el accionar de la política monetaria para cumplir con su objetivo primario de estabilidad de precios.
Управління туристично-рекреаційною галуззю в умовах нестабільності ринку
Authors: Bahriy M.V.
Published: May 2017

У статті розглядаються напрямки управління ефективністю розвитку туристично-рекреаційної галузі в умовах нестабільності ринку України. Відзначається актуальність туристично-рекреаційної галузі, яку вважають одним із перспективних напрямів соціально-економічного розвитку країни. Визначені загальноєвропейські принципи з розвинутою індустрією туризму, яка дозволяє надавати державну підтримку розвитку, зокрема у сфері інформаційно-рекламної діяльності. Зазначені загальнодержавні та регіональні чинники впливу на розвиток туристично-рекреаційних ресурсів. Об’єктом дослідження туристично-рекреаційної галузі є туристично-рекреаційні ресурси. З метою вдосконалення управління розмежовано вивчення питання розвитку туристично-рекреаційної галузі з точки зору соціального статусу регіону та його географічного розміщення, оскільки вплив цих чинників на галузь різний та неоднозначний. Запропоновано вирішення локальних проблем розвитку земельно-ресурсного потенціалу туристично-рекреаційної галузі та формування рекреаційно-туристичної інфраструктури на регіональному рівні через розробку стратегій з обґрунтуванням пріоритетних напрямів розвитку кожної окремої області західного регіону; розробку системи бюджетів для розвитку земельно-ресурсного потенціалу туристично-рекреаційної галузі в розрізі окремих сфер її діяльності; вдосконалення існуючих та створення нових маршрутів регіональних спеціалізованих туристичних напрямів; розробку планів залучення інвестиційних ресурсів для розвитку земельно-ресурсного потенціалу регіону тощо. Визначено можливі шляхи вдосконалення організаційно-економічного механізму туристично-рекреаційної діяльності.
Information influence on management decisions
Authors: Batyuk B.
Published: May 2017

The basic task manipulation in the management environment, which is focused on the impact of the opinion of the persons involved to achieve a certain driven result are revealed. The investigation of certain results for manipulation of information in the administration that are designed to show the most widespread cases of influence. The study proved that the management in terms of manipulation of information is a creative process of selecting from the list of possible alternatives to a single decision that is taken for execution. Specifics of management in terms of manipulation of information and uncertainty is that it is always an act of volition, social action, which expresses not only the needs and interests of individuals and reflects the interests of the organization, but also can realize the interests of the team as a whole that would not violate the etiquette and were accepted norms of human life.
Теоретичні аспекти формування системи управління трудовими ресурсами підприємства
Authors: Hirnyak K.
Published: May 2017

У статті розглядаються теоретичні аспекти формування системи управління трудовими ресурсами підприємства. Визначено, що на виробництві персонал в наш час став ресурсом, який є ключовим у капіталі сучасної організації, від якого залежить успішність і процвітання підприємства. Зазначенно, що трудові ресурси характеризують чисельністю працездатного населення і є важливим елементом економічного потенціалу України. Ефективність функціонування системи управління трудовими ресурсами підприємства розглянуто як частину ефективності діяльності підприємства загалом. Подано мету статті, яка є узагальненням теоретичних підходів до розуміння управління трудовими ресурсами підприємства. Визначено, що управління трудовими ресурсами – дії, що спрямовані на формування та ефективне всебічне їх використання в різних галузях економіки з метою поліпшення економічного та соціального становища країни. Управління трудовими ресурсами націлено функціонувати на рівні держави, яка в свою чергу розробляє комплекс нормативних документів з метою покращення розподілу та використання трудових ресурсів. Запропоновано та розглянуто сучасні поняття «трудовий ресурс», «трудовий потенціал» та «персонал», з подальшим переходом у визначення поняття «управління трудовими ресурсами». Подано управління трудовими ресурсами як діяльність, спрямовану на розвиток здібностей працівників з метою їх постійного росту і прогресу. В теорії і практиці сучасного управління показано докорінну зміну уявлень щодо ролі трудового чинника в функціонуванні економічної системи. Запропоновано під управлінням трудових ресурсів розуміти політику суб’єкту господарювання, яка спрямована на розвиток людського потенціалу організації, досягнення стратегічної мети бізнесу та отримання високого економічного результату діяльності організації.
Шляхи вдосконалення процесу управління оборотними коштами
Authors: Grygorieva Y.
Published: May 2017

Стаття присвячена дослідженню значення оборотних коштів для діяльності підприємства. У статті досліджено сутність поняття «оборотні кошти», особливості його управління та основні фактори, що впливають на їх формування. Проаналізовано вплив зовнішніх і внутрішніх факторів на рівень оборотних коштів підприємства. Розглянуто методи управління їх елементами в сучасних умовах для здійснення всебічного аналізу ефективності використання оборотних засобів, що дозволить визначити шляхи підвищення їх використання. Запропоновано та обґрунтовано заходи для підвищення ефективності використання оборотного капіталу для успішного розвитку підприємств на основі вдосконалення управління оборотними активами у нестійкому ринковому середовищі.
Аспекти розвитку різних організаційно-правових форм підприємницької діяльності в аграрному секторі
Authors: Smolynets I.B.
Published: May 2017

Одним з найважливіших напрямів в цьому контексті є проблеми організаційно-правових форм розвитку підприємницької діяльності в сільському господарстві. В умовах конкурентного ринкового середовища важливе значення для забезпечення стабільного й ефективного аграрного виробництва мають механізми регулювання процесів відтворення в АПК, серед яких чільне місце належить формам підприємницької діяльності. У сучасних економічних умовах важливим фактором підвищення ефективності розвитку продовольчого підкомплексу є удосконалення даних форм. Проте слід визнати, що нині форми підприємницької діяльності перебувають в стані формування та розвитку. Тому проблеми реформування аграрного сектора економіки, постійно перебували і перебувають у полі зору економічної науки. В історичному аспекті розвитку підприємницька діяльність налічує наступні форми: приватні підсобні господарства, одноосібні володіння, господарства населення, селянські фермерські господарства, приватні та державні сільськогосподарські підприємства, колективні господарства, зокрема селянські спілки, агрофірми, міжгосподарські підприємства і об’єднання, різного роду та видів товариства, які поділяються за формою об’єднання та рівнем відповідальності. Найважливіші з них, які прижились та функціонують в сільському господарстві, є сільськогосподарські підприємства, зокрема приватні, та господарства населення. Ефективному розвитку підприємницької діяльності в сільському господарстві перешкоджають слабка адаптація до ринкових умов та низька інвестиційна привабливість аграрного виробництва і господарських формувань, безсистемність і розпорошеність надходжень коштів у модернізацію виробничої діяльності, недостатня державна підтримка, недосконалість організаційно-економічного механізму управління розвитком різних організаційно-правових форм підприємницької діяльності в аграрному секторі.