bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural preservation of tissues – Not so bad after all
Authors: Jeziorska Maria , Lambert-Zazulak Patricia , Appenzeller Otto , David Rosalie , Guillén Sonia E.
Published: October 2021

We compared the preservation of antigens of various naturally mummified human tissues from the Atacama Desert, Southern Peru with matching samples from Egyptian mummies obtained from the Manchester Museum Mummified Tissue Bank. We studied intervertebral discs and joints, various soft tissues, major blood vessels, brain meninges and skin. Immunolocalisation of structural proteins, intracellular intermediate filaments and neural markers varied from sample to sample and required cumbersome and lengthy procedures but was generally more successful in naturally mummified tissues from the Atacama Desert. Our findings confirmed our experimental data which showed that when using the same antigen retrieval methods, the investigated proteins from naturally desiccated human tissues retained their antigenicity better than those which were in contact with natron and especially those which were also treated with resins
The restitution of two Guanche mummies from Tenerife by Necochea (Argentina)
Authors: Rodríguez-Martín Conrado , González-Antón Rafael , Martín Oval Mercedes , Rosario Candelaria , Del Arco Mercedes , Guichón Ricardo , Flegenheimer Nora
Published: October 2021

Two Guanche mummies from Tenerife along with a complete archaeological collection, were purchased by Argentinean businessmen at the end of the 19th century. The two mummies were kept at the Museo de Ciencias Naturales in the tourist city of Necochea (Buenos Aires Province) since the 1920’s. These specimens were restituted to the island of Tenerife (to the Museo Arqueológico de Tenerife, Organismo Autónomo de Museos y Centros of the Cabildo de Tenerife-the government of the island) in September 2003, following two years of negotiation between Spanish and Argentinean officials. The key part of the agreement was carried out by the President of the Organism along with the Canarian Institute of Bioanthropology and the Archaeological Museum, and the Municipality of Necochea and the National Government of Argentina. This paper deals with the story of the mummies and the steps followed by both parts to a successful restitution: indeed, an important development in the history of mummy studies and archaeology.
Was the Neolithic Tyrolean Iceman,“Ötzi” a shepherd
Authors: Schmid Alexandra , Kofler Werner , Oegg Klaus
Published: October 2021

The unique discovery of the glacier mummy on such a remote site in the Ötztal mountains is still an enigma. In the initial phase of the Iceman research, four hypotheses - the hunter, shaman, metal prospector and shepherd theories - were proposed to explain the find in its entirety. On the basis of detailed scientific investigations conducted in the meantime, the assumption that the Iceman was involved in an early form of transhumance has now gained general acceptance. Recently coprolite analysis was conducted on a hundred caprine dung pellets found at the Iceman’s find spot and dated from 5400 to 2000 BC. The lack of caprine faeces from valley bottoms as well as the absence of dung pellets at the find spot between 3700 and 2900 BC questions the practice of transhumance in the area during the Iceman´slifetime and for this reason also his social status as a shepherd.
Histological and biochemical evidence for an intravital stab wound on Ötzi´s right hand
Authors: Nerlich Andreas G. , Bachmeier Beatrice E. , Zink Albert , Egarter-Vigl Eduard
Published: October 2021

On careful re-examination of the mummy a small irregularly shaped 3.7 cm long, deep, dark brown coloured stab wound was detected on Ötzi´s right hand extending from the palmar hand to the lateral back of the hand. Since it was unclear whether this wound had happened during lifetime or whether it was a postmortal artefact, we performed a histological analysis including histochemical staining for haemosiderin deposits (on Prussian blue stains). The fat tissue revealed cord-like inclusions of an amorphous, autofluorescing material with isolated focal haemosiderin pigment droplets in Prussian blue staining without intact erythrocytes. This amorphous material was then isolated by laser based microdissection, dissolved and tested for the presence of haemoglobin. A Guaiac-based test confirmed the presence of a blood clot. Our investigations indicate that the Iceman suffered from a vital stab wound of the right hand. Typical bleeding into the subcutaneous fat tissue and the initiation of transformation of the blood clot into haemosiderin could be demonstrated. Since forensic medical practise suggests the occurence of haemosiderin containing macrophages in skin wounds between 3 to 8 days after affliction, we strongly suggest that the injury happened a few days before his death. At present, we do not know if this skin wound may have happened simultaneously or shortly after Ötzi was hit by the arrow, but if so this would suggest that he survived the attack for a few days.
The Utility of Smartphone-Based Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Sheikh Aadil , Bhatti Ahsan , Adeyemi Oluwaseun , Raja Muhammad , Sheikh Ijaz
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

To assess the diagnostic accuracy measures such as sensitivity and specificity of smartphone-based artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in the detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods:

A literature search of the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases (up to March 2020) was conducted. Only studies using both smartphone-based cameras and AI software for image analysis were included. The main outcome measures were pooled sensitivity and specificity, diagnostic odds ratios and relative risk of smartphone-based AI approaches in detecting DR (of all types), and referable DR (RDR) (moderate nonproliferative retinopathy or worse and/or the presence of diabetic macular edema).

Results:

Smartphone-based AI has a pooled sensitivity of 89.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 82.3%–94.0%) and pooled specificity of 92.4% (95% CI: 86.4%–95.9%) in detecting DR. For referable disease, sensitivity is 97.9% (95% CI: 92.6%-99.4%), and the pooled specificity is 85.9% (95% CI: 76.5%–91.9%). The technology is better at correctly identifying referable retinopathy.

Conclusions:

The smartphone-based AI programs demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of DR and RDR and are potentially viable substitutes for conventional diabetic screening approaches. Further, high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to establish the effectiveness of this approach in different populations.
Differential Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers on COVID-19
Authors: Su Lianjiu , Zhang Jiahao , Jiang Nanhui , Yang Jie , He Li , Xie Qin , Huang Rong , Wang Fengqin , Kashani Kianoush B. , Sun Zhongyi , Lu Qiaofa , Peng Zhiyong
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:

The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs) on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains controversial from clinic evidence.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to report the major characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated with ACEIs and ARBs and compare the different effects of the two drugs for outcomes of COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

This is a retrospective, two-center case series of 198 consecutive COVID-19 patients with a history of hypertension.

Results:

Among 198 patients, 58 (29.3%) and 16 (8.1%) were on ARB and ACEI, respectively. Patients who were on ARB or ACEI/ARB had a significantly lower rate of severe illness and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) when compared with patients treated with ACEI alone or not receiving RAAS blocker (P < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that patients with ARB in their antihypertensive regimen had a trend toward a higher survival rate when compared with individuals without ARB (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-1.02; P = 0.054). The occurrence rates of severe illness, ARDS, and death were similar in the two groups regardless of receiving ACEI. The Cox regression analyses showed a better survival in the ARB group than the ACEI group (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.00-0.58; P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

Our data may provide that some evidence of using ARB, but not ACEI, was associated with a reduced rate of severe illness and ARDS, indicating their potential protective impact in COVID-19. Further large sample sizes and multiethnic populations are warranted to confirm our findings.
PON1 (Paraoxonase 1) Q192R Gene Polymorphism in Ischemic Stroke among North Indian Population
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Saluja Alvee , Saraswathy Kallur Nava , Imnameren Longkumer , Yadav Suniti , Dhamija Rajinder K.
Published: October 2021

Background:

PON1 is an High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-associated esterase. Two common polymorphisms in the PON1 gene, Q192R and L55M substitutions, determine the inter-individual variation in PON1 activity. The association of these polymorphisms with the risk of ischemic stroke remains controversial. In the present study, the role of PON1 Q192R gene polymorphism in ischemic stroke was studied in the Indian population.

Design and Methods:

In the present case-control study, the PON1 Q192R gene polymorphism was screened in ischemic stroke patients (n: 63) and age, sex-matched controls (n: 63) using thePolymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Segment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.

Results:

The mean age of stroke presentation was 58.11 ± 15.4 years. A total of 17.4% cases presented with young stroke (<45 years age) and 9.52% cases were seen to have a recurrent stroke. The distribution of -192Q/R PON1 gene polymorphism was not seen to differ between cases and controls. The traditional stroke risk factors did not have any effect on the PON1 genotype expression. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was done in order to assess an independent association of age, gender, traditional stroke risk factors, and PON1 polymorphism with acute ischemic stroke. However, neither the RR genotype nor the presence of the R allele was associated with an increase in the risk of acute ischemic stroke (OR [RR genotype]-4.76, P value: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.3497–64.8531; OR [R allele]-0.94, P value: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.3516–2.4989).

Conclusion:

PON1 Q192R gene polymorphism is not associated with an increased risk of acute ischemic stroke in the North Indian population. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed before PON1 Q192R gene polymorphism can be considered as a genetic risk factor for ischemic stroke.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Antibodies to Arboviruses (Dengue, Chikungunya and Japanese Encephalitis)
Authors: Pari Hariswar , Amalnath S. Deepak , Dhodapkar Rahul
Published: October 2021

Objective:

The aim of this study was to detect the presence of IgM antibodies against dengue (DEN), chikungunya (CHIK) and Japanese encephalitis (JE) in the serum and CSF of patients with Guillaine-Barre syndrome (GBS).

Methods:

GBS patients (>12 years of age) were included after informed consent. Data on history, clinical manifestations, treatment details, and outcome were collected. Serum and CSF were tested for IgM antibodies against DEN, CHIK, and JE.

Results:

From April 2018 to December 2019, 95 patients were included in this study. Anti-arboviral IgM antibodies were detected in 30 patients (31.5%) (CSF 11, serum 13, both CSF and serum 6). Serum IgM antibody was present in 19 patients (JE 8, DEN 5, CHIK 2, more than 1 virus 4). Of the 66 patients who underwent CSF studies, antibodies were present in 17 (CHIK 14, DEN 1, more than 1 virus 2). Antibody positivity did not affect the outcome of GBS.

Conclusion:

One-third of the GBS patients had evidence of recent infection by arboviruses. This suggests that DEN, CHIK, and JE could be the inciting event for GBS in endemic regions.
Association of MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism with breast cancer risk
Authors: Lal Harmesh , Sharma Bhavna , Sambyal Vasudha , Guleria Kamlesh , Singh Neeti Rajan , Uppal Manjit Singh , Manjari Mridu , Sudan Meena
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives:

Breast cancer is a complex, multifactorial disease that arises as a result of interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a low susceptibility gene, involved in folate metabolism. It assists in conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate which further leads to DNA methylation. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate assists in conversion of uracil to thymine and purine synthesis for DNA synthesis. MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism alters the activity of MTHFR enzyme potentially effecting DNA repair and synthesis, hence a potential risk for cancer like breast cancer. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate association of MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism and breast cancer in Punjabi population. Moreover, a meta-analysis was conducted to address the same.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 247 breast cancer patients and 247 controls were selected from Punjabi population for analysis using PCR-RFLP method. For meta-analysis, 67 studies were selected, and allele contrast, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, and recessive models were used to evaluate the association between MTHFR 677C>T and breast cancer.

Results:

The frequencies of CC, CT, and TT genotype were 68.4% versus 74.5%, 28.7% versus 23.5%, and 2.9% versus 2.0% in patients and controls, respectively. There was no significant difference found. In meta-analysis, significant association was found in overall and Asian population while no significant association was found in Caucasians.

Interpretation and Conclusions:

MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism is not a risk factor for breast cancer in Punjabi population. Inconsistency with the meta-analysis can be due to ethnic diversity.
Association of Caregiver Distress with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia-A Cross-Sectional Correlational Study from South India
Authors: Goud Sripathi Santhosh , Indla Vishal , Deshpande Manjiri , Reddy Indla Ramasubba
Published: October 2021

Abstract Context:

Non-cognitive symptoms of dementia, also known as behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are a less researched topic in developing countries like India. These symptoms not only affect the ability to sustain daily activities and reduce the quality of life but also increase morbidity and mortality in patients with dementia.

Aims:

The study aimed to assess the prevalence of BPSD and various correlates associated with the severity of BPSD and caregiver distress.

Subjects and Methods:

It was a cross-sectional, correlational study done on 80 consecutive patients and their caregivers attending the memory clinic of Indlas VIMHANS Hospital, Vijayawada. A semi-structured proforma to collect socio-demographic data, Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), The Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q), and Everyday Abilities Scale for India (EASI) were used in the study. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were done to find the correlation between different study variables.

Results:

BPSD were reported in all the dementia patients. Night-time behaviour disturbances (100%), hallucinations (86.25%), irritability (76.25%), delusions (75%), and agitation (76.25%) were more commonly reported BPSD. There was a positive correlation between BPSD severity and caregiver distress on- hallucinations (r=0.661, P<0.001) delusions (r=0.840, P <0.001), agitation (r=0.823, P<0.001), depression (r=0.947, P<0.001), anxiety (r=0.971, P=0.038), disinhibition (r=0.917, P<0.001), irritability (r=0.875, P<0.001), night-time behaviour disturbances (r=0.451, P<0.001), and appetite abnormality (r=0.683, P<0.001) items. On Pearson correlation care giver distress was significantly associated with – age of the patient (r=0.325, P=0.003), MMSE score (r= -0.461, P<0.001), BPSD severity (r=0.780, P<0.001) and EASI score (r=0.475, P<0.001). Severity of BPSD showed significant correlation with- age of the patient (r=0.267, P=0.017), MMSE score (r= -0.269, P=0.016) and EASI score (r=0.356, P<0.001).

Conclusion:

BPSD are universal in dementia and they impact the quality of the life of the patients and the caregivers. Improvement in BPSD may reduce caregiver distress and improve the quality of care received by patients.
Conventional versus single-incision laparoscopy for the surgical treatment of ovarian torsion
Authors: Gözüküçük Murat , Karasu Yetkin , Kaya Sena Münire , Yangır Erhan , Üstün Yusuf
Published: October 2021

Aim:

The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of single-incision laparoscopy with conventional laparoscopy in cases of ovarian torsion.

Materials and Methods:

Patients who were surgically treated for ovarian torsion in our clinic were retrospectively analysed. The demographic information and surgical records of the patients were obtained from the patient files. Patients treated with single-incision laparoscopy and conventional laparoscopy were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, surgical procedure performed, duration of surgery, amount of bleeding, laboratory results, post-operative pain scores and length of hospital stay.

Results:

There were 19 patients in the single-incision laparoscopy and 30 in the conventional laparoscopy groups. The two groups were similar in terms of age, obstetric history and body mass index (P > 0.05). The mean operation time was 56.26 ± 15.34 min in the single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) group and 55.07 ± 10.78 min in the conventional laparoscopic surgery group (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of complications, duration of hospital stay, pre- and post-operative haematocrit difference and visual analogue scale-pain scores at hours 0, 6, 12 and 24 (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

SILS appears to be as feasible, effective and safe as conventional laparoscopy in the treatment of ovarian torsion cases.
Ocular Manifestations of Emerging Arthropod-Borne Infectious Diseases
Authors: Abroug Nesrine , Khairallah Molka , Zina Sourour , Ksiaa Imen , Amor Hager Ben , Attia Sonia , Jelliti Bechir , Khochtali Sana , Khairallah Moncef
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

To review the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment modalities, and prognosis of arthropod-borne infectious diseases.

Methods:

This is a narrative review on arthropod-borne infectious diseases including general and ophthalmological aspects of these infectious diseases. A comprehensive literature review between January 1983 and September 2020 was conducted in PubMed database. Epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of arthropod-borne infectious diseases were reviewed.

Results:

Emergent and resurgent arthropod-borne infectious diseases are major causes of systemic morbidity and death that are expanding worldwide. Among them, bacterial and viral agents including rickettsial disease, West Nile virus, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Rift valley fever, and Zika virus have been associated with an array of ocular manifestations. These include anterior uveitis, retinitis, chorioretinitis, retinal vasculitis, and optic nerve involvement. Proper clinical diagnosis of any of these infectious diseases is primarily based on epidemiological data, history, systemic symptoms and signs, and the pattern of ocular involvement. The diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory tests. Ocular involvement usually has a self-limited course, but it can result in persistent visual impairment. Doxycycline is the treatment of choice for rickettsial disease. There is currently no proven specific treatment for arboviral diseases. Prevention remains the mainstay for arthropod vector and zoonotic disease control.

Conclusions:

Emerging arthropod vector-borne diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis of uveitis, especially in patient living or with recent travel to endemic countries. Early clinical diagnosis, while laboratory testing is pending, is essential for proper management to prevent systemic and ocular morbidity.
Accelerated Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking in Pediatric Keratoconus
Authors: Alipour Fateme , Ansari Shabnam , Dadman Nima , Hafezi Farhad
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the visual, refractive, and topographic outcomes of accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in the pediatric age group.

Methods:

In this retrospective case series study, 89 eyes of 56 patients with progressive keratoconus (KCN) who were under or equal to 18 years old at the time of surgery were included. All patients underwent accelerated corneal CXL. A thorough baseline and follow-up ophthalmic examination including uncorrected distance visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp and fundus examination, and corneal tomography by Scheimpflg camera Pentacam (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) were performed.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 16.2 ± 1.8 years. Mean follow-up was 16.46 ± 11.6 months (range, 6–40 months). The mean BCVA improved significantly from 0.26 ± 0.26 to 0.16 ± 0.19 (logMAR) after accelerated CXL (P < 0.001). The mean corneal astigmatism based on refraction decreased from 3.69 ± 2.12 to 3.15 ± 1.86 after the intervention (P = 0.016). The mean maximum keratometry (Kmax) reduced significantly from 53.23 ± 6.07 diopter (D) to 52.23 ± 6.33 D (P = 0.047). The mean flat keratometry (K1) reduced from 46.37 ± 3.69 to 45.95 ± 3.65 after the intervention (P = 0.119).

Conclusion:

Our study shows that accelerated CXL increases visual acuity and stabilizes or improves keratometric indices in pediatric patients with progressive KCN without any serious complication for a mean follow-up time of 16 months.
Quality of biosafety guidelines for dental clinical practice throughout the world in the early COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: Soares Renata Cristina , Rocha Juliana Schaia , Rosa Saulo Vinicius da , Gonçalves Jéssica Rodrigues da Silva Noll , Condori Priscilla Lesly Perlas , Ribeiro Ana Elisa , Moysés Samuel Jorge , Baldani Márcia Helena
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related biosafety guidelines for dental clinical practice in the early stage of the pandemic, focusing on quality assessment.METHODS: Electronic (via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database, Brazilian Library in Dentistry, and Cochrane Library) and gray literature searches were performed for documents published up to May 12, 2020. Guidelines updated until April 17, 2021 were identified. Documents were included as guidelines if they (1) consisted of a set of statements, directions, or principles presenting current or future rules or policy; (2) were developed by government agencies, institutions, organizations, or expert panels; and (3) were related to the general conduct of healthcare activities rather a particular condition. Two researchers, using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II, independently extracted the recommendations and evaluated the quality of the guidelines.RESULTS: Twenty-seven documents from 19 countries were included in the review. These documents presented 122 recommendations related to (1) professional biosafety; (2) patients’/companions’ safety; (3) the organization and biosafety of the physical dental facility environment; and (4) the work process in dental care. Overall, the scientific quality of the guidelines was considered low. Some recommendations presented in these guidelines would require further research to establish their effectiveness.CONCLUSIONS: We found a wide variety of biosafety guidelines for dental practice regarding COVID-19 in the early months of the pandemic, but their quality was low. Biosafety recommendations should be frequently updated.
Weak LI-ideals in implicative almost distributive lattices
Authors: Munie Tilahun Mekonnen
Published: October 2021

In the field of many valued logic, lattice valued logic (especially ideals) plays an important role. Nowadays, lattice valued logic is becoming a research area. Researchers introduced weak LI-ideals of lattice implication algebra. Furthermore, other scholars researched LI-ideals of implicative almost distributive lattice. Therefore, the target of this paper was to investigate new development on the extension of LI-ideal theories and properties in implicative almost distributive lattice. So, in this paper, the notion of weak LI-ideals and maximal weak LI- ideals of implicative almost distributive lattice are defined. The properties of weak LI- ideals in implicative almost distributive lattice are studied and several characterizations of weak LI-ideals are given. Relationship between weak LI-ideals and weak filters are explored. Hence, the extension properties of weak LI-ideal of lattice implication algebra to that of weak LI-ideal of implicative almost distributive lattice were shown.
Primary osteosarcoma of the uterus: a report of two cases
Authors: Effah Kofi , Hiadzi Edem , Osabutey Anita , K. Boateng Alex , B. Akosa Agyeman , T. Anim Jehoram
Published: October 2021

Primary extraskeletal osteosarcoma is an uncommon disease and has been reported to affect the uterus only rarely. Less than 20 cases have so far been reported in the English literature. The common clinical presentation is heavy bleeding per vaginam, and in virtually all cases, the diagnosis has been made at an advanced stage of the disease. Various authors have recommended adjuvant chemotherapy, but outcomes have so far been uniformly poor, with survival extended by months rather than years. We present two cases of this rare condition, which were diagnosed four months apart within our histopathology laboratory andconfirmed the very late presentation of the disease in one and the poor survival of both patients.
Periodontal treatment need, interdental cleaning habit and dental services utilization of a Nigerian population
Authors: Dosumu Elizabeth B. , Soroye Modupeoluwa O.
Published: October 2021

Objective: Optimal home-use plaque-control measure maintains a functional dentition and reduces the risk of loss of periodontal attachment throughout life. The combination of toothbrushing and inter-proximal oral hygiene devices optimally prevents plaque accumulation. Individual’s attitude, lack of awareness and affordability are barriers for the utilization of dental services. This study evaluated the interdental cleaning habits; periodontal treatment needs and dental service utilization of a Nigerian population.

Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain information on socio-demographics, use of interdental cleaning aid and health services utilization of participants. A full-mouth examination was done to assess the periodontal status and the treatment needs of the participants using the CPITN probe. Data was analyzed using Epi info 2008 version 3.5.1.

Result: Only 24.4% of the participants who claimed to clean interdentally actually used dental floss and interdental brushes) while majority of them ({160(71.2%)} used toothpicks. Three out of five participants {49(59%)} who do not clean interdentally, didn’t know that they had to do so. Though 284(92.2%) of the participants do not routinely access oral care, almost half (49.7%) had previous dental check-ups, scaling and polishing, tooth extractions and restorations. 44(14.3%) did not need periodontal treatment, 131(42.5%) needed Oral Hygiene Instruction (OHI) and Scaling and Polishing (S&P) and 19(6.2%) needed OHI, S&P and sub-gingival scaling.

Conclusion: Dental services utilization was low until they perceived that they have a dental ailment, appropriate interdental aids were not used and knowledge on the need for interdental cleaning and advance periodontal treatment need of the participants were low.
Untreated malocclusions and oral health status of an urban population in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Aikins Elfleda Angelina , Soroye Modupeoluwa Omotunde
Published: October 2021

Objective: Lack of awareness and an accompanying lack of knowledge results in a lack of utilization of dental services and a consequent increased burden of oral disease. This study assessed untreated malocclusions and the oral health status of an urban population.

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study design was employed. Data was collected from consenting participants using an interviewer administered questionnaire after which an intraoral examination was carried out on each participant. Data was analysed using the SPSS version 20 and the level of significance set at p<0.05.

Results: There were a total of 403 participants in this study. About a tenth of the participants indulged in oral habits 41 (10.2%). Untreated malocclusions in the form of tooth displacements 35 (8.7%), rotations 32 (7.9%), crossbite 9 (2.2%) and scissors bite 1 (0.3%) were seen in the study population. Majority, 383 (95%) used a toothbrush and flouridated toothpaste to clean their teeth and 264 (65.5%) brushed once a day. Most of the participants 281 (69.7%) had good oral hygiene.

Conclusion: Several untreated malocclusions comprising tooth rotations, displacements, crossbite, scissors bite and anterior open bite were seen in our study population. Their utilization of dental services was poor but oral health practices were good which translated to good oral hygiene and low DMFT.
Advanced Introduction to Landmark Criminal Cases
Authors: Fletcher George P.
Published: October 2021

This engaging and accessible book focuses on high-profile criminal trials and examines the strategy of the lawyers, the reasons for conviction or acquittal, as well as the social importance of these famous cases.
Apparent life-threatening events and brief resolved unexplained events: management of children at a Swiss tertiary care center
Authors: Evers Katrina S. , Wellmann Sven , Donner Birgit C. , Ritz Nicole
Published: October 2021

AIMS OF THE STUDY: Apparent life threatening events (ALTEs) are highly stressful situations for the caregiver and commonly result in presentation of the child to an emergency department. As the events are usually brief and resolve in a short period of time, the entity is now called a brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE). Updated recommendations have been published in recent years on the management of BRUE, including a risk stratification to identify those at lower risk for subsequent events or severe underlying disorders. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of ALTE and BRUE at our hospital and detail clinical practice of management in this population in a tertiary care children’s hospital in Switzerland.

METHODS: We retrospectively analysed all cases of children with an ALTE or BRUE admitted to the University Children’s Hospital Basel between September 2009 and April 2018, identified using ICD-10GM coding. Electronic health records were used to extract data on diagnostic procedures, duration of admission and outcome. Infants with a lower-risk BRUE (defined as age >60 days and <1year, born at ≥32 weeks gestational age and postconceptional age ≥45 weeks, first BRUE episode with a duration of <1 minute and no cardiopulmonary resuscitation by trained medical provider required) were compared with those with a higher-risk BRUE/ALTE (not fulfilling all the criteria for lower-risk BRUE).
RESULTS: A total of 65 patients with a median age of 42 days (interquartile range 20–67) were identified, of whom 15% were classified as having a lower-risk BRUE. A blood sample was analysed in 97% of patients, cranial ultrasound was performed in 63%, an electrocardiogram in 78% and polysomnography in 26%. The results remained normal in almost all patients and none had a further event recorded during admission. In one patient only QTc prolongation was detected as a potential serious underlying disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that admission for more than 24 hours and extensive investigations for infants admitted for an ALTE/BRUE rarely led to identification of specific underlying causes. According to current recommendations, 15% of the admitted patients could be categorised as having a lower-risk BRUE and therefore hospital admissions and investigations can safely be reduced. We propose an adaptation of the current Swiss recommendations for ALTE/BRUE to optimise clinical management of children presenting with a BRUE.
Psicopolítica y Gobernanza en el Perú
Authors: Romero Vela Sonia Lidia , Santa María Relaiza Héctor Raúl , Cueva Vergara Gloria Luz , Boy Barreto Ana Maritza
Published: October 2021

It is considered important to rethink psychopolitics, the role it plays at the global level and how it affects the governance of Peru. If before it was used for scientific purposes and in disciplines such as sociology, education, psychology, among others, today, it transcended the political and the purposes have been reversed. The present study set out to analyze how psychopolitics is exercised in the Peruvian governance of the XXI century. A qualitative analysis was performed using the inductive method; For data collection, the technique of observation, documentary and bibliographic review was used. Three categories were analyzed: biopower, psychotechnology, and corruption in governance; For data validation, triangulation was used. It was concluded that psychopolitics is misused to increase corruption and normalize it; In other words, governance is hampered by corruption, therefore, it does not interact with the population and civil society organized in participatory democracy, because they are increasingly detached from politics with little or no citizen participation.
Influence of legal principles on justice
Authors: Svirin Yury Alexandrovich , Minbaleev Aleksey Vladimirovich , Artyukhov Eduard Eduardovich , Shestov Sergej Nikolaevich , Davydov Aleksey Anatolyevich
Published: October 2021

The objective of the article was to determine the essence and legal implementation in Russia of principles such as: independence of the judiciary, relative truth, contradictory nature, legal certainty of judicial acts and discretion. In the countries of the Roman-Germanic legal order, it is no coincidence that legal principles are of great scientific and applied importance. The presence of a certain system of procedural principles makes it possible to assess the existence of justice in the country, the stability of a judicial decision and the fairness of judicial acts. Thus, the principles of the law directly affect the level of legality in each state. Currently, some procedural principles give rise to a discussion in Russian doctrine about their essence and content. The topic is presented from the point of view of general scientific methods (systems analysis, structural and functional, historical), the method of theoretical analysis, specific scientific methods (comparative jurisprudence, technical and legal analysis, concretization, interpretation). The theoretical basis was cognitive theory. It is concluded that the principle of the independence of the judiciary is not fully operational in the Russian Federation.
Mikroplastika - potencijalni rizik za sigurnost hrane morskog podrijetla
Authors: Bogdanović Tanja , Pleadin Jelka , Petričević Sandra , Brkljača Mia , Listeš Irena , Listeš Eddy
Published: October 2021

Mikroplastika (MP) je prepoznata kao okolišni kontaminant višestrukih opasnosti na temelju fizičkih učinaka zbog veličine čestica, oblika i koncentracije te kemijskih učinaka povezanih s opasnim kemikalijama. Sve je više dokaza o prisutnosti MP u hrani, a posljednjih godina se eksponencijalno povećava i broj publikacija o njezinoj prisutnosti u hrani morskog podrijetla. Međutim, analitičke metode detekcije u hrani morskog podrijetla su unatoč dostupnosti širokog spektra instrumentalnih tehnika za izolaciju i određivanje njezinih fizikalnih svojstava ograničene. Potpuni analitički postupak donosi podatke o kemijskom sastavu i morfološkoj strukturi čestica, ali niti jedna instrumentalna tehnika ne udovoljava svim zahtjevima analize MP. Primjena većeg raspona komplementarnih analitičkih metodologija u pogledu otkrivanja i identifikacije ispunjava zahtjevnost analize ovog okolišnog kontaminanta. Pojava i vrsta unesene MP, kao i njezini zdravstveni učinci koji se trenutno ispituju, uključuju biološke, kemijske i fizičke vrste utjecaja. U svrhu procjene utjecaja MP iz hrane morskog podrijetla na ljudsko zdravlje prvo se mora kvantificirati izloženost, a zatim utvrditi je li ta izloženost dovoljno velika da bi izazvala posljedice sa štetnim učincima. Izloženost ljudi hrani morskog podrijetla izaziva zabrinutosti zbog njezine kontinuirane akumulacije u okolišu. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati dosadašnje spoznaje o prisutnosti MP u hrani morskog podrijetla: školjkašima, ribi i rakovima kao glavnim izvorima. Posebno se analiziraju postojeći analitički pristupi ekstrakcije i instrumentalnog određivanja koncentracije, oblika i vrste materijala MP u zahtjevnim biološkim uzorcima. Istaknuta je potreba daljnje istraživačke aktivnosti o ovom kontaminantu, kao i potreba za stvaranje baze podataka koja je neophodna za uspostavu zakonodavstva u području hrane.
Pengaruh Religiusitas, Motivasi, Pengetahuan dan Pemahaman Perpajakan terhadap Perilaku Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi (Studi Empiris pada KPP Pratama Surabaya Genteng)
Authors: Arini Cynthia Dwi , Rahman Arif , Mahsina Mahsina
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh religiusitas, motivasi, pengetahuan  dan  pemahaman  perpajakan  terhadap  perilkau  kepatuhan  wajib  pajak orang pribadi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian penjelasan (explanatory research) dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di KPP Surabaya Genteng. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 99 responden dengan pendekatan insidental sampling. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner dan diuji dengan validitas, reabilitas, analisis regresi berganda, koefisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis (uji t) dengan menggunkaan aplikasi SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa religiusitas, motivasi, pengetahuan dan pemahaman per-pajakan yang dimiliki wajib pajak berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap perilaku kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi.
Pengaruh Pressure, Opportunity, Rationalization Terhadap Pendeteksian Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan (Studi Empiris Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Dasar Dan Kimia Yang Terdaftar Di Bei Periode 2017-2019)
Authors: Sari Dewi Ratna , Lestari Tri , Rosyafah Siti
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa fraud triangle terhadap pendeteksian kecurangan laporan keuangan.Teori fraud triangle yang dikemukan oleh Cressey (1953) menyatakan Â bahwaÂ  terdapat Â tigaÂ  kondisi Â yang Â selalu Â hadirÂ  dalam Â setiap Â kejadian kecurangan yaitu pressure, opportunity, dan rationalization. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri dasar dan kimia yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling dan berdasarkan kreteria tersebut di dapatkan sampel sebanyak 69 perusahaan. Analisa data memggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa opportunity dan rationalization terbukti berpengaruh terhadap pendeteksian kecurangan laporan keuangan. Sedangkan variabel pressure tidak berpengaruh dalam pendeteksian kecurangan laporan keuangan.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN PENGENDALIAN BIAYA TENAGA KERJA DALAM PENENTUAN BIAYA GAJI YANG BERSUMBER DARI DANA BOPDA (SD DUMAS SURABAYA)
Authors: Apriyanti Dhea Wahyuni
Published: October 2021

Tujuanpenelitianadalahuntukmengetahuipenerapanpengendalianbiayatenaga kerja dalampenentuanbiayagajiyang bersumberdariDanaBOPDApadaSDDumas Surabaya.Analisbagianpenetapanpenggajianyang bersumberdaridanaBOPDA denganmenggunakanmetodepengendalian waktu.Penelitianini merupakanpenelitian deskriptif kualitatif.LokasipenelitianinipadaSD Dumas Surabayadengansubjek penelitiannyaadalahkepalasekolah,bendahara danPetugasIT. Teknikpengumpulan datapenelitianmelaluiobservasidanwawancara.Teknisanalisdatayang digunakan adalah :identifikasidatapenggajian,penetapangajiguru, pengendalianpenetapangaji danmenarik kesimpulansertasaran. Hasildari penelitianyang sudahdilakukanbahwa dalampenerapanpengendalianbiayatenagakerjadenganmenerapkanteoripengendalian waktu,SDDumasSurabayamasihbelumoptimaldikarenakandalampencatatanpresensi kehadiranbelumdilakukansecarabaiksehinggaberpengaruh terhadapjumlahgajiyang tidak sesuai denganyang seharusnya.
Desafíos educativos durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración en Monclova, Coahuila, México
Authors: Sierra Herrera Martha Carolina , Verduzco Cura Oscar
Published: October 2021

La presente investigación se realizó con la finalidad de coadyuvar a la adaptación de maestros y estudiantes a una nueva forma de enseñanza obligatoria por el confinamiento derivado de la contingencia por la pandemia mundial de COVID-19. El objetivo es identificar y describir los desafíos educativos a los que se enfrentan tanto docentes como alumnos de la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración en sus actividades al hacer frente a una modalidad tecnológica, con la finalidad de contrarrestarlos y brindar una mejor calidad en la enseñanza. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la existencia de tales desafíos y que éstos debilitan la particularidad de la enseñanza. Dichos elementos suman a la necesidad y razón de ser de este trabajo de investigación.
AbstractThis research was performed for the purpose of contributing to the adaptation of teachers and students to a new form of compulsory teaching derived from confinement due to COVID-19 worldwide pandemic. The objective is the identification and description of educational challenges faced by teachers as well as students of the Faculty of Accounting and Administration while performing their online assignments, in order to counteract these challenges and enhance the quality of teaching. Results obtained confirm the existence of such challenges and how these weaken the particularity of teaching. These elements, therefore, add to the need and fundamental purpose of thisresearch.
FACTORES ASOCIADOS A LA DESNUTRICIÓN CRÓNICA INFANTIL EN ECUADOR. ESTUDIO BASADO EN MODELOS DE REGRESIÓN Y ÁRBOLES DE CLASIFICACIÓN.
Authors: Flores Pablo , Congacha Giorgina
Published: October 2021

La presente investigación busca determinar los factores que influyen significativamente en la desnutrición crónica en niños de 0 a 5 años de edad en el Ecuador. Las variables que formaron parte del estudio han sido consideradas de acuerdo al marco conceptual propuesto por la UNICEF y extraídas de las bases de datos de la última encuesta de Salud y Nutrición 2018 desarrollada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos y el Ministerio de Salud Pública. Con el objetivo de comparar resultados se aplicaron modelos basados en árboles de clasificación y de regresión logística. Se encontró que los factores básicos relacionados con: el grupo étnico del niño, la escolaridad de la madre, el acceso a comunicación móvil, el estado civil de los padres, la edad de la madre, el número de hijos en el hogar y el tipo de combustible que se usa para cocinar influyen de manera significativa sobre el estado nutricional del infante. Estos factores están relacionados directamente con factores básicos y subyacentes como control de la madre antes y después del parto, la vacunación del infante, la adecuada alimentación y el tamaño del niño al nacer, los cuales también influyen en la desnutrición.
Evaluating Forecasts from State-Dependent Autoregressive Models for US GDP Growth Rate. Comparison with Alternative Approaches
Authors: Gobbi Fabio
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to compare the forecasting performance of a class of statedependent autoregressive (SDAR) models for univariate time series with two
alternative families of nonlinear models, such as the SETAR and the GARCH
models. The study is conducted on US GDP growth rate using quarterly data. Two
methods of forecast comparison are employed. The first method consists in
evaluation the average performance by using two measures such as the root mean
square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) over different forecast
horizons, while the second method make use of one of the most used statistical test
to compare the accuracy of two forecast methods such as the Diebold-Mariano test.

JEL classification numbers: C22, E37, F47.
Keywords: Nonlinear models for time series, GDP growth rate, Forecasting
accuracy.
Ginastica laboral na prevenção de lesões por esforços repetitivos / Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho: Solução ou Paliotico?
Authors: Barbosa Luís Guilherme
Published: October 2021

A ginástica laboral vem sendo aplicada em grande escala nas empresas. Nos últimos anos vários cursos rápidos de formação surgiram no mercado, mercado esse ocupado por fisioterapeutas, professores de educação física, terapeutas corporais, psicólogos, entre outros. Geram uma atividade com bela plástica, muito motivadora, em alguns casos, e com promessas enfáticas de prevenção das Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos / Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho. Essa atividade é importante para chamada qualidade de vida no trabalho, mas não deve ser vista como a grande e, talvez única, solução de problemas que tendem a se apresentar com alto grau de complexidade.
Propostas à Prevenção de Riscos Ambientais relacionados ao Tratamento de Superfície com Cromatos
Authors: Silva Elexandre da , França Leonardo Pires , Nascimento Mari Marni G. Soares , Zopelaro Raul Martins , Neto Oscar Chaves , Soares Rosana Aparecida Ravaglia , Genestra Marcelo
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo, os autores ressaltam os riscos de exposição ocupacional e ambiental inerentes ao processo de tratamento de superfície com cromatos, levantados em estudos baseados em aspectos toxicológicos e operacionais, bem como foram apresentadas algumas formas de controle, além de sugestões alternativas para substituição do cromo hexavalente por novas tecnologias, dentre elas a utilização de cromo trivalente, por ser menos tóxico.
Instrumentos Normativos no atendimento Pré-Hospitalar: Enfermagem e Legislação
Authors: Braz Márcia R. , Chaves Reginaldo Rosa , Werneck Luíza Rosa
Published: October 2021

Este artigo trata a participação da Enfermagem no Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar (APH), e têm como objeto de estudo os instrumentos normativos que orientam a prática de Enfermagem nesta área.
Estudo Analítico Da Técnica De Glicerinação Empregada Para Conservação De Peças Anatômicas – Experiência Da Disciplina De Anatomia Humana Do Departamento De Morfologia Do UniFOA
Authors: Silva Evandro M. e , Dias Gilvando , Tavares Mauro , Marques Tatiana , Furtado José Marciano
Published: October 2021

A preocupação com a conservação dos corpos existe há mais de 5000 anos. Vários químicos, farmacêuticos, alquimistas, médicos, entre outros, tentaram descobrir técnicas para conservação de corpos. De início o principal objetivo era de cunho religioso. Contudo, posteriormente, a finalidade científico-acadêmica, passou a preponderar. No ano de 1762 Karl Wilhelm Sheele descobriu a glicerina. Dentre várias técnicas utilizadas na conservação de corpos, destacamos a glicerinação e a plastinação. Esta última de custo ainda muito caro, está sendo amplamente empregada na Europa e nos EUA. Em algumas universidades brasileiras a plastinação já está sendo empregada.  Contudo, em função dos baixos custos, da relativa facilidade mo manuseio da técnica e de excelentes resultados estéticos, a glicerinação tem conquistado um grande contingente acadêmico. Por fim, objetivamos com este artigo, além de um breve histórico sobre a conservação de corpos, descrever a técnica de glicerinação de cadáveres e fazer um breve comentário analítico no se refere aos custos, resultados e durabilidade de peças anatômicas glicerinadas.