bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic laser surgery combined with intraosseous infiltration of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Lychagin A. V. , Garkavi A. V. , Ivannikov S. V. , Islaieh O. I.
Published: September 2020

Purpose. To improve the cure of knee osteoarthirtis using a combination of arthroscopic laser surgery and intraosseous infiltration of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Material and methods. 32 patients (18 men and 14 women) with osteoarthrosis (OA) of the knee joint, degree II–III (by Kellgren–Lawrence classification), participated in the study. By MRI findings, all patients had meniscus and cartilage damage. The arthroscopic intervention was done with laser device «LSP IRE Polyus», wavelength 0.97 mkm. In addition to the arthroscopy, patients were made extra-articular intraosseous infiltration of autologous platelet-rich plasma topically into the altered subchondral bone under the control of an electronic optical transducer (OEC Fluorostar 7900 COMPACT 2). The evaluation of treatment efficacy was made using WOMAC and KOOS knee function assessment scales, as well as VAS scale (pain intensity) before surgery and 1 and 3 months after the treatment beginning. Results. In 3 months, WOMAC scale showed the improved knee joint function by 25.38 points, KOOS scale – by 37.4 points and VAS scale – by 35 points (p < 0.01). Thus, the performed curative technique increased the support capacity, range of motion in the knee joint, less pain – all these contributed to the achievement of prolonged effect.
Endovenous obliteration in the combined treatment of chronic venous diseases
Authors: Musaev M. M. , Ananyeva M. V. , Girсiashvili A. G. , Gavrilenko A. V.
Published: September 2020

The modern approach to the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins utilizes physical techniques for endovasal obliteration. It is characterized by significantly fewer side effects and opens new possibilities for the treatment of patients with varicose disease. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of radiofrequency obliteration of varicose veins and puncture laser obliteration of perforant veins in the combined treatment of patients with varicose disease (VD). Material and methods. Outcomes of treatment of 528 patients with VD in the pool of the great saphenous vein (GSV) or small saphenous vein (SSV) have been analyzed. These patients had the combined treatment, which included radiofrequency obliteration of GSV and SSV trunk and / or Giacomini vein. Of these, 335 patients had also ECHO Foam-Form sclero-obliteration of GSV and SSV inflows and perforant veins on the thigh and / or ankle. In 266 patients, their treatment was combined with miniphlebectomy of GSV and SSV inflows and perforant veins on the thigh and / or ankle; and in 55 patients – with puncture laser obliteration of perforant veins. Results. The assessment of curative outcomes have has shown that postoperative pain intensity (VAS) was 3.1 + 0.5. Transient paresthesias were seen in 14 (3.4%) cases. Local ecchymoses – in 18 (4.3%) cases. Consequences of tumescent anesthesia: local ecchymoses and hyposthesia passed after 3–5 days. Skin pigmentation was noted in 1 case and lasted up to 3 months. Thrombosis was registered in 2 cases as a parietal thrombus in the great saphenous vein at the level of the middle third of the thigh; and in 2 cases as a thrombotic clot prolapse.
Application of laser radiation in urology
Authors: Martov A. G. , Baranov A. V. , Biktimirov R. G. , Alpin D. M. , Biktimirov T. R.
Published: September 2020

The authors present a review of foreign publications in 2010–2019 on laser light application in urology. The analyzed articles confirm its high efficiency, safety and competitiveness if to compare with traditional instruments in surgery of urological pathologies. The combinaiton of laser light and endoscope turned to be the most effective. Laser medical technologies are used for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, urolithiasis, cicatricial lesions of the urinary tract, and urothelial tumors. There is a tendency in applying laser technologies more frequently in laparoscopic surgery.
Photoactive effects of low-intensity laser irradiation at the microcirculation system and lymphoid organs
Authors: Kozlov V. I. , Astashov V. V.
Published: September 2020

The authors present a review of publications in the scientific and medical literature on modern concepts of mechanisms of low-level laser biostimulating effects at the human body, at microvasculature chains and lymphoid organs. The main aspect of microcirculation photoactivation is the process of microcirculation reconstruction which leads to prolonged improvement in tissue trophism. There are three processes in the basement of biostimulating effect of low-level laser light in the red and near infrared spectral regions at microcirculation: hemomicrocirculation enhancement, activation of capillary neovascularization, lymphocorrection effects at the structure and functional activity of lymphoid organs.
Short term effect of zinc administration on some biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzymes in albino rats
Authors: JACOB AKURE Yusuf , AHMED Maryam , BUKAR Hyelni , SİMON Gingsami
Published: September 2020

Zinc is an essential trace element exerting important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic effects, and is capable of influencing molecular functioin as well as signal transduction. It is used as a supplement for the treatment of diarrhoea. This study was conceived to evaluate the short term effect of zinc administration on some biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzymes in albino rats. Sixteen (16) albino rats (both sexes) were allocated randomly into four experimental groups of four rats each. One group served as the control and were given distilled water. The three experimental groups were administered with 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight of Zn respectively for 14 consecutive days. The animals were sacrificed on the 15th day and blood was collected for liver and kidney function parameters, antioxidant enzymes activities and malondialdehyde concentration using standard procedures. The concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) significantly increase (p < 0.05) while aspartate transferase (AST) significantly decreased in a dose dependent manner when compared with the control group. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in creatinine, a significant increase in potassium and no significant difference in serum urea level when compared with the control group. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase significantly increased while MDA significantly decreased when compared with the control group. Increase in ALT suggests an improvement in the activities of these enzymes while increased potassium level is an indication of kidney dysfunction. Increased antioxidant enzymes and decreased MDA may suggest that zinc improved antioxidant status and decrease free radical generation. From the study, it may be suggested that zinc improved the activities of liver biomakers and antioxidant enzymes. It is therefore recommended that more studies be carried out in establishing the effect of zinc for prolonged usage, at larger doses on other organs.
How did the Addition of Indaziflam Affect on Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralizations in a Vineyard Soil?
Authors: KOÇAK Burak , CENKSEVEN Şahin , KIZILDAĞ Nacide , AKA SAĞLIKER Hüsniye , DARICI Cengiz
Published: September 2020

Microbial activity can be affected by herbicides when they are introduced in soil. Indaziflam is a herbicide used for weed control in vineyards, apple, peach and orange orchards that inhibit cellulose biosynthesis in plants (500 g active ingredient/ l). Recommended field dose of herbicide (RD) containing Indaziflam (10 ml/ da) and its 2 (RD x2), 4 (RD x4), 8 (RD x8) and 16 (RD x16) times of RD were mixed with a loamy soil sampled from Cukurova University Faculty of Agriculture Vineyard (Adana, Turkey) in this study. These mixtures were humidified at 80% of soil field capacity and then incubated for 42 days at 28ºC for the determination of carbon and nitrogen mineralization. Effects of RD and RD x2 doses on soil carbon mineralization were similar to control and no significant difference was found between them. Higher doses of indaziflam (RD x4, RD x8 and RD x16) stimulated mineralization of soil carbon and there were found significant differences between control and these doses (P<0.05). All application doses of herbicide showed variability in ammonium (NH4-N) and nitrate (NO3-N) contents while there were generally found no significant differences between control and RD. In general, contents of soil NH4-N and NO3-N were increased in all applications as time passed and there were significant differences between days that were measured of these contents (P<0.05). Results of soil nitrogen mineralization rate were as following: 1) It was significantly decreased by only RD x2 on 11th day (P<0.05) 2) Higher doses of Indaziflam (RD x4, RD x8 and RD x16) significantly stimulated it on 26th day (P<0.05) 3) All doses of this herbicide significantly decreased it on 42nd day (P<0.05). In conclusion, the recommended field dose of Indaziflam had no negative effect on microorganisms that play an active role in soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization. It was suggested that higher recommended field doses of this herbicide can be used as an energy source by microorganisms in a loamy soil while these doses generally decreased production of ammonium and nitrate.
Salvia fruticosa’nın (Anadolu Adaçayı) Terapötik Etkileri
Authors: ELMAS Sinem , ELMAS Onur
Published: September 2020

Anadolu adaçayı (Salvia fruticosa), Lamiaceae familyasına ait bir bitki olup, Anadolu’da geleneksel halk hekimliğinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bitkinin yaprakları çay şeklinde tüketilir ve yapraklarından uçucu yağ elde edilir. Salvia fruticosa bitkisi farmasötik ajan olarak (antioksidan, antikanser, antimikrobiyal, antifungal, antihiperglisemik, antihipertansif vb.) kullanımı dışında aromaterapi, parfümeri ve kozmetik sektöründe; yiyeceklerde baharat, aroma verici ve koruyucu olarak pek çok alanda kullanıma sahiptir. Ancak bitkinin irrasyonel kullanımı ciddi yan etkilere ve komplikasyonlara yol açmaktadır. Bu derleme, Salvia fruticosa’nın botanik özelliklerini, uçucu yağ bileşenlerini, bu bileşenlerin potansiyel terapötik etkilerini ve neden olabileceği olası toksik etkileri değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Lactic Acid Bacterium With Antimicrobial Properties From Selected Malay Traditional Fermented Foods
Authors: TENGKU ABDUL HAMİD Tengku Haziyamin , FATİN AMYSYA Nur
Published: September 2020

Traditional or local fermented foods have been the favourite sources for Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used for starter cultures. Traditional food such as fermented cassava ‘tapai ubi’, fermented glutinous rice ‘tapai pulut’ and fermented shrimp paste ‘belacan’ have been local heritage consumed as Malay delicacies. In this work, 33 LAB samples were isolated from tapai ubi, tapai pulut and belacan and out of these only 5 LAB isolates (PG, PH, BG, UG and UL) showed inhibitory properties against selected indicator organisms (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus). Morphologically, isolate PG, PH, BG are cocci, UL is rod and UG is coccobacillus. Biochemically, isolates (PG, PH, BG UL and UG) are found to be Gram positive, non motile, lactose fermenter and catalase negative. The 16s Ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was carried out and each was identified with an accession number (PB: MT645488, PH: MT645489; BG: MT645490 UG: MT645491 and UL MT645492). Isolates PG and PH from tapai pulut belonged to Pediococcus pentosaceus (at 99% and 98%, respectively). Meanwhile, isolate from Belacan BG belonged to Enterococcus faecium (99%), and those from fermented shrimp, UG and UL belonged to Weissella confusa (99%), and Lactobacillus fermentum (98%), respectively. Majority of the isolates demonstrated broad spectrum inhibition against both Gram positive and negative indicator strains. Compared to the rest of isolates, PH exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. These results suggested that isolate PH are the most potent isolates which is producing antimicrobial agent with potential as food preservatives.
The Role of Social Responsibility Accounting Impact in Supporting Competitive Advantage for Industrial Establishment (Filed Study on the Company Matthew Petroleum)
Authors: Mamoun Dr. Sherien , Mohamed Sayed Ahmed
Published: September 2020

The study examined the role of impact of social responsibility accounting in supporting the competitive advantage in industrial firms. The problem of study raised the following question: Did the disclosure of social responsibility cost help to support competitive advantage. The study aimed to Disclosing the cost of charitable donations helps to support the competitive advantage of industrial facilities. The study used the analytical descriptive method and for achieving the objectives of the study, the hypotheses below were tested as follows: the first hypothesis Disclosing the costs of social responsibility helps to support competitive advantage. The second hypothesis was The size of the expected return from the adoption of social responsibility helps to support the competitive advantage of industrial structures. The findings found that Disclosing the cost of disability training programs helps to support the competitive advantage of industrial facilities. The most important recommendations indicated that the industrial firms should increase their interest in serving the community in which working by providing jobs opportunities and share in supporting activities and social, cultural, healthy and sport services
Le lehet-e fordítani a „rendészet” szót angolra?
Authors: Szikinger István
Published: September 2020

The dictionaries offer solutions (firs of all: policing, law enforcement, regulatory activities), but neither of them can express what it really means: an administrative activity aiming maintenance of public security. According to Géza Finszter “rendészet” means the branch of public administration which has the social mission to prevent dangers arisen due to illegitimate human behavior by application of legitime power to that an independent appearance of a policing power is necessary and also sufficient. In his opinion belongs also prosecution to this definition. The author presents this problem outlined in the title along these ideas.
A biztonság mint szolgáltatás megteremtése az állami, önkormányzati elektronikus információs rendszereknél I.
Authors: Kovács Zoltán , Mikó Zoltán , Sági Gábor
Published: September 2020

In this study I have summarized the main elements of cyber protection in Hungary, highlighting the most important strategy, legal rules and organizations. After that I have also presented the service provider – user model emerging due to the consolidation of info-communication systems at state and self-governments and its effect on cyber-protection. In this context I have shown that the present legal rules are not able to handle task and responsibility limitations resulting hereby. I have presented that the appointed central service provider in Hungary, the NISZ Zrt., can fulfil its obligations prescribed in law regulations mentioned above, that it can provide cloud-based services and therefore I have summarized characteristics and grouping of cloud-based systems. I have also presented which of them are recommended for state institutions by big international organizations and in which one NISZ Zrt. provides services.
A személyiségi jogot sértő hang- és képfelvétel felhasználhatósága a német bíróságok jogalkalmazásában
Authors: Stál József
Published: September 2020

Due to technical development everyone has opportunities to make records by own cellular phone, the majority of people has internet connection, desktops and laptops became indispensable part of everyday life and recording equipment - Dictaphones, video cameras- are available with multifunctionality for anybody. There are no technical obstacles of copying and making records public. In road traffic are video cameras more and more prevalent. Making voice, picture or video records secretly might have no special reasons, but also for use as evidence even if in time of making the exact way of application was not cleared yet. In the course of production and application of records personal rights of others can be hurt, which will unavoidably bring along a clash of interests to be released by the authorities. The latter ones should answer the question if safeguarding of interests of the record maker or the interest of the recorded person on secrecy has priority or there are other aspects to be considered, too. This paper intends to present briefly how interests are balanced and how decisions on applicability of records are made in Germany. Due to the author’s profession the way of access is first of all from the aspects of a criminal judge.
Tömegrendezvények biztosításának vezetése és alternatívája
Authors: Holota Gábor
Published: September 2020

Several home experts dealt already with problems of management security at mass events (e.g. Dsupin Ottó, Hajas Barnabás). In an earlier paper of mine I also payed attention – from another aspect – to management security of major events, but experiences show that this topic is not exhausted yet, there are opportunities for advances in home practice yet. In the present paper, partially under use of own experiences, I partly try to disclose problems and deficiencies of security management and potential error sources by examination of the effective normative regulations and also make proposals how to avoid them.
Mass Estimation of Galaxy Clusters with Deep Learning. I. Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect
Authors: Gupta N. , Reichardt C. L.
Published: September 2020

We present a new application of deep learning to infer the masses of galaxy clusters directly from images of the microwave sky. Effectively, this is a novel approach to determining the scaling relation between a cluster’s Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect signal and mass. The deep-learning algorithm used is mResUNet, which is a modified feed-forward deep-learning algorithm that broadly combines residual learning, convolution layers with different dilation rates, image regression activation, and a U-Net framework. We train and test the deep-learning model using simulated images of the microwave sky that include signals from the cosmic microwave background, dusty and radio galaxies, and instrumental noise as well as the cluster’s own SZ signal. The simulated cluster sample covers the mass range 1 × 1014
M
⊙ < M
200c < 8 × 1014
M
⊙ at z = 0.7. The trained model estimates the cluster masses with a 1σ uncertainty ΔM/M ≤ 0.2, consistent with the input scatter on the SZ signal of 20%. We verify that the model works for realistic SZ profiles even when trained on azimuthally symmetric SZ profiles by using the Magneticum hydrodynamical simulations.
Constraints on Dynamical Dark Energy Models from the Abundance of Massive Galaxies at High Redshifts
Authors: Menci N. , Grazian A. , Castellano M. , Santini P. , Giallongo E. , Lamastra A. , Fortuni F. , Fontana A. , Merlin E. , Wang T. , Elbaz D. , Sanchez N. G.
Published: September 2020

We compare the maximal abundance of massive systems predicted in different dynamical dark energy (DDE) models at high redshifts z ≈ 4–7 with the measured abundance of the most massive galaxies observed to be already in place at such redshifts. The aim is to derive constraints for the evolution of the dark energy equation-of-state parameter w that are complementary to existing probes. We adopt the standard parameterization for the DDE evolution in terms of the local value w
0 and of the lookback time derivative of the equation of state w

a
. We derive constraints on combinations of (w
0, w

a
) in the different DDE models by using three independent probes: (i) the observed stellar mass function of massive objects at z ≥ 6 derived from the CANDELS survey; (ii) the estimated volume density of massive halos derived from the observation of massive, star-forming galaxies detected in the submillimeter range at z ≈ 4; (iii) the rareness of the most massive system (with an estimated gas mass exceeding 3 × 1011
M
⊙) observed to be in place at z ≈ 7, a far-infrared–luminous object recently detected in the South Pole Telescope survey. Finally, we show that the combination of our results from the three above probes excludes a sizable fraction of the DDE parameter space w

a
 ≳ −3/4 − (w
0 + 3/2) presently allowed (or even favored) by existing probes.
Vanadium Abundance Derivations in 255 Metal-poor Stars*
Authors: Ou 欧 Xiaowei 筱葳 , Roederer Ian U. , Sneden Christopher , Cowan John J. , Lawler James E. , Shectman Stephen A. , Thompson Ian B.
Published: September 2020

We present vanadium (V) abundances for 255 metal-poor stars derived from high-resolution optical spectra from the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectrograph on the Magellan Telescopes at Las Campanas Observatory, the Robert G. Tull Coudé Spectrograph on the Harlan J. Smith Telescope at McDonald Observatory, and the High Resolution Spectrograph on the Hobby–Eberly Telescope at McDonald Observatory. We use updated V i and V ii atomic transition data from recent laboratory studies, and we increase the number of lines examined (from one to four lines of V i, and from two to seven lines of V ii). As a result, we reduce the V abundance uncertainties for most stars by more than 20% and expand the number of stars with V detections from 204 to 255. In the metallicity range −4.0 < [Fe/H] < −1.0, we calculate the mean ratios [V i/Fe i] = −0.10 ± 0.01 (σ = 0.16) from 128 stars with ≥2 V i lines detected, [V ii/Fe ii] = +0.13 ± 0.01 (σ = 0.16) from 220 stars with ≥2 V ii lines detected, and [V ii/V i] = +0.25 ± 0.01 (σ = 0.15) from 119 stars. We suspect that this offset is due to departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium, and we recommend using [V ii/Fe ii], which is enhanced relative to the solar ratio, as a better representation of [V/Fe]. We provide more extensive evidence for abundance correlations detected previously among scandium, titanium, and vanadium, and we identify no systematic effects in the analysis that can explain these correlations.
A Diffuse Metal-poor Component of the Sagittarius Stream Revealed by the H3 Survey
Authors: Johnson Benjamin D. , Conroy Charlie , Naidu Rohan P. , Bonaca Ana , Zaritsky Dennis , Ting 丁源 Yuan-Sen 森 , Cargile Phillip A. , Han Jiwon Jesse , Speagle Joshua S.
Published: September 2020

The tidal disruption of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy has generated a spectacular stream of stars wrapping around the entire Galaxy. We use data from Gaia and the H3 Stellar Spectroscopic Survey to identify

high-quality Sagittarius members based on their angular momenta. The H3 Survey is largely unbiased in metallicity, and so our sample of Sagittarius members is similarly unbiased. Stream stars span a wide range in [Fe/H] from −0.2 to ≈−3.0, with a mean overall metallicity of

. We identify a strong metallicity dependence to the kinematics of the stream members. At [Fe/H] > −0.8 nearly all members belong to the well-known cold (

) leading and trailing arms. At intermediate metallicities (−1.9 < [Fe/H] < −0.8) a significant population (24%) emerges of stars that are kinematically offset from the cold arms. These stars also appear to have hotter kinematics. At the lowest metallicities ([Fe/H] ≲ −2), the majority of stars (69%) belong to this kinematically offset diffuse population. Comparison to simulations suggests that the diffuse component was stripped from the Sagittarius progenitor at earlier epochs, and therefore resided at larger radius on average than the colder metal-rich component. We speculate that this kinematically diffuse, low-metallicity population is the stellar halo of the Sagittarius progenitor system.
On the Velocity Drift between Ions in the Solar Atmosphere
Authors: Martínez-Sykora Juan , Szydlarski Mikolaj , Hansteen Viggo H. , De Pontieu Bart
Published: September 2020

The solar atmosphere is composed of many species, which are populated at different ionization and excitation levels. The upper chromosphere, transition region, and corona are nearly collisionless. Consequently, slippage between, for instance, ions and neutral particles, or interactions between separate species, may play important roles. We have developed a 3D MFMS numerical code (Ebysus) to investigate such effects. Ebysus is capable of treating species (e.g., hydrogen, helium, etc.) and fluids (neutrals, excited and ionized elements) separately, including nonequilibrium ionization, momentum exchange, radiation, thermal conduction, and other complex processes in the solar atmosphere. Treating different species as different fluids leads to drifts between different ions and an electric field that couples these motions. The coupling for two ionized fluids can lead to an anti-phase rotational motion between them. Different ionized species and momentum exchange can dissipate this velocity drift, i.e., convert wave kinetic energy into thermal energy. High-frequency Alfvén waves driven by, e.g., reconnection thought to occur in the solar atmosphere, can drive such multi-ion velocity drifts.
Hydrodynamic Simulations of Pre-supernova Outbursts in Red Supergiants: Asphericity and Mass Loss
Authors: Leung Shing-Chi , Fuller Jim
Published: September 2020

The activity of a massive star approaching core-collapse can strongly affect the appearance of the star and its subsequent supernova. Late-phase convective nuclear burning generates waves that propagate toward the stellar surface, heating the envelope and potentially triggering mass loss. In this work, we improve on previous one-dimensional models by performing two-dimensional simulations of the pre-supernova mass ejection phase due to deposition of wave energy. Beginning with stellar evolutionary models of a 15 M
⊙ red supergiant star during core O-burning, we treat the rate and duration of energy deposition as model parameters and examine the mass-loss dependence and the pre-explosion morphology accordingly. Unlike one-dimensional models, density inversions due to wave heating are smoothed by Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities, and the primary effect of wave heating is to radially expand the star’s hydrogen envelope. For low heating rates with long durations, the expansion is nearly homologous, whereas high but short-lived heating can generate a shock that drives envelope expansion and results in a qualitatively different density profile at the time of core-collapse. Asymmetries are fairly small, and large amounts of mass loss are unlikely unless the wave heating exceeds expectations. We discuss implications for pre-supernova stellar variability and supernovae light curves.
Carbon Isotope Ratios in Planetary Nebulae: The Unexpected Enhancement of 13C
Authors: Ziurys L. M. , Schmidt D. R. , Woolf N. J.
Published: September 2020

The 12C/13C ratio has been measured toward a sample of planetary nebulae (PNe) using millimeter observations of CO, HCN, HNC, CN, and other species, conducted with the 12 m antenna and the Submillimeter Telescope of the Arizona Radio Observatory. The observed nebulae spanned the entire lifetime of PNe, from ∼900 to 12,000 yr, and include well-known objects such as NGC 7293 (Helix), NGC 6720 (Ring), and NGC 2440, as well as relatively unexplored nebulae (M3–28, M2–48, and M3–55). In most cases, multiple molecules and transitions were used in the ratio determination, resulting in the most accurate values available to date, with 10%–40% uncertainties. The ratios found were unexpectedly low, lying in the range 12C/13C ∼1.0 ± 0.7–13.2 ± 4.9, with an average value of 3.7—drastically less than found in the envelopes of C-rich AGB stars, and, in some cases, lower than the minimum value achieved in equilibrium CNO burning. Such low values are expected for the two O-rich nebulae studied (M2–9 and M2–48), because of insufficient third dredge-up events. However, most of the PNe observed were clearly carbon-rich, as deduced from the large number of C-bearing molecules present in them. Because nucleosynthesis ceases in the PN stage, both the C/O and the 12C/13C ratios must reflect abundances at the end of the AGB. These consistently low 12C/13C ratios, combined with the bipolar/multipolar morphologies of all planetary nebulae observed, suggest an explosive process involving proton-capture occurred at the AGB–PN transition.
Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope Detections of Two High-opacity Hi 21 cm Absorbers at z ≈ 1.2
Authors: Chowdhury Aditya , Kanekar Nissim , Chengalur Jayaram N.
Published: September 2020

We report the discovery of two remarkable high-opacity Hi 21 cm absorbers against low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs), at z = 1.2166 toward J0229+0044 and at z = 1.1630 toward J0229+0053. The absorbers were detected in an unbiased Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope survey for Hi 21 cm absorption against radio sources in the DEEP2 survey fields, covering z ≈ 0.73–1.53, and including sources without known redshifts. The velocity-integrated Hi 21 cm optical depths are (74.2 ± 7.8) km s−1 (J0229+0044) and (78.41 ± 0.81) km s−1 (J0229+0053), higher than that of any known redshifted Hi 21 cm absorber at z > 0.12, and implying high Hi column densities, >1022 cm−2. The emission redshift of J0229+0044 is consistent with the Hi 21 cm absorption redshift, while the strength and velocity spread of the absorption against J0229+0053 suggest that it too arises from gas in the AGN environment: both absorbers are thus likely to be “associated” systems. The two AGNs have low rest-frame 1.4 GHz radio and 1215 Å ultraviolet luminosities (≲1026.1 W Hz−1 and ≲1021.7 W Hz−1, respectively), both significantly lower than the typical luminosities of AGNs against which Hi 21 cm searches have hitherto been carried out at z ≳ 1. The paucity of Hi 21 cm absorbers at z ≳ 1 may be due to a luminosity bias in high-z AGN samples that have been searched for Hi 21 cm absorption, where the high AGN ultraviolet luminosity affects physical conditions in its environment, ionizing the neutral hydrogen.
Imaginando una nación de raza blanca en Costa Rica : 1821-1914
Authors: Quirós Ronald Soto
Published: September 2020

El autor trata de demostrar de qué forma en relatos de viaje, informes comerciales, proyectos de colonización, enciclopedias, diccionarios, obras de geografía, revistas de vulgarización y científicas de diferentes países donde escribieron diplomáticos, hombres de negocios, viajeros, geógrafos y naturalistas que habían visitado o que mencionaban datos sobre Costa Rica desde principios del siglo XIX podemos encontrar la construcción de una biblioteca referencial que servirá de base para la consolidación hacia fines del siglo XIX de una idea de raza particular costarricense con caracteres singulares. Pero también se trata de probar como el discurso difundido por las élites costarricenses desde mediados del siglo XIX nutrió también las posteriores interpretaciones de los extranjeros y con ello una visión diferenciadora de este país en el contexto centroamericano e incluso latinoamericano. De esta manera, se intenta evidenciar cómo aunque los primeros documentos del siglo XIX mencionan la existencia de un país mestizo se fue perpetuando la idea de un raza particular con matices blancos siendo el resultado de un proceso de retroalimentación entre ambos discursos.
Inmigración asiática y homoerotismo: nuevas configuraciones de la otredad en el teatro argentino actual
Authors: Trastoy Beatriz
Published: September 2020

Argentine theatre during the first decades of 20th century staged the cultural and linguistic misunderstandings that European immigration caused in local way of life. The recent Asian immigration established in Buenos Aires since the 70’ brings forth new ethic and aesthetic issues in plays which deal with the question of otherness in a wide sense. As an example, this article analyzes Shangay (2004) by José María Muscari, which stages with a critical sight the social and racial prejudices of Argentine middle class by means of the analogy between Far East culture (or what is usually taken by such) and homoerotism. The sainete-genre (deeply rooted in the Argentine theatrical tradition) is thus re-interpreted by means of parodical procedures. Kitsch, snobbery and frivolity, which confuse everything, and also prejudices, intolerance and discrimination, that stigmatize everything, are the pathetic background of a homosexual love story that leaves traditional gender constructions far behind.
Migraciones y teatro: conformación de un nuevo mapa teatral cubano, más allá de la insularidad palpable
Authors: Azor Ileana
Published: September 2020

Cuban migration to Europe and America (North, Central and South) has designed a creative and pedagogical map that expands its original theatrical geography into the new “lived spaces” (Ortiz & Mendoza) -sometimes these being bilingual spaces. In the last fifty years Cuban migrants have processed their journeys of displacement by recovering their own cultural History through the generation of new Imaginaries and Institutions, creating in consequence new aesthetic scenarios articulated by a “frontal discourse” or a “rhetorical tissue” (Azor). These new aesthetic scenarios reveal the multicultural dialogue of a transcending “cubanidad”.
Sarmiento y la nación cívica
Authors: Villavicencio Susana
Published: September 2020

La interrogación sobre el sentido de nuestra nacionalidad en ocasión del Bicentenario de la Independencia argentina nos reenvía, a pesar de su actualidad, a considerar un discurso inactual, aquel que Domingo Faustino Sarmiento diera como origen real o mítico de una tradición de nación cívica. La idea de “comunidad de ciudadanos” sintetiza esta forma de la nación que se adscribe a la tradición republicana moderna y que funda la unidad en el respeto por una ley común. Este filosofema, sostenido por las élites ilustradas en un momento de confrontaciones violentas y luchas civiles inacabables, juega un rol fundamental en el proceso de organización nacional y de instauración de la forma republicana de gobierno, luego de la ruptura del vínculo colonial. Nos proponemos recorrer la formulación de la idea de la nación adjetivada civilizada y cívica en el discurso político de Domingo F. Sarmiento. En tanto miembro destacado de las elites ilustradas del siglo XIX argentino, su discurso es representativo de autocomprensión histórica del proceso que se vivía en América y de las identidades políticas que se estaban gestando.
L’intellectuel face à la célébration du (bi)centenaire de la Nation argentine
Authors: Magras Romain
Published: September 2020

La célébration de l’anniversaire de la naissance d’une Nation invite généralement à dresser un bilan de son histoire et à relever les défis que lui lance l’avenir. Il n’est pas rare de voir des écrivains entrer en scène pour jouer un rôle différent et complémentaire ou antagoniste de celui des politiques. Ils assument ainsi une fonction sociale qui dépasse celle de créateurs pour incarner le rôle de mémoire vivante des origines, des actes fondateurs de la Nation; ils redéfinissent l’identité, l’idiosyncrasie nationales pour tenter d’assumer un rôle de guides, de conducteurs. Cet objectif s’appuie sur une stratégie de construction d’une figure d’auteur servie par une rhétorique bien particulière. En prenant comme point d’appui le rôle joué par Leopoldo Lugones dans le cadre des célébrations du Centenaire de la Nation argentine, nous mettrons en lumière les modalités de l’émergence de la figure d’Abel Posse dans l’Argentine du début du XXe siècle et le caractère éminemment lugonien du nationalisme qu’elle prétend incarner dans le contexte du Bicentenaire.
Literatura y “contra-historia”: los discursos del origen en Yo el Supremo y Moi, Toussaint Louverture
Authors: Uriarte Javier
Published: September 2020

This article seeks to discuss the ways in which two key Latin American emancipatory processes have been re-interpreted in two novels: Augusto Roa Bastos’ Yo el Supremo (1974) and Jean-Claude Fignolé’s Moi, Toussaint Louverture, avec la plume complice de l’auteur (2004). These texts revisit Paraguayan and Haitian history respectively and suggest new readings of the national hero and the origins of the nation. They propose the ambivalence and contradictions of their protagonists as necessary elements to re-think the nation. I believe it is necessary and even –after the recent and devastating earthquake in Haiti– urgent to consider the emancipatory process in Latin American from the perspective of the Paraguayan and Haitian independences. The adoption of this perspective allows us to re-signifiy the Bicentenary of Independence and problematize Latin American history in new ways. By making explicit these similarities between two narrative projects that seek to re-read (and re-write) the foundational processes in their respective countries, I intend to establish a dialogue between two process of Independence that, although having been undoubtedly key to the understanding of the history of independent Latin America, have been drastically silenced. In this sense, this essay seeks to make a strong argument for the consideration of Haiti as a part of Latin America.
La migration forcée des jésuites de l’Empire espagnol en Italie (1767-1801): intégration créative et identité religieuse
Authors: Ribas Nicolas de
Published: September 2020

L’œuvre des jésuites hispano-américains éclairés, résidant en Italie, dévoile un panorama culturel ample et divers, au-delà des grandes signatures telles que Viscardo ou Clavigero. Depuis la péninsule italique du XVIIIème siècle, une littérature mélancolique, mais aussi engagée, devient à long terme l’étendard du patriotisme américain. En condamnant le colonialisme espagnol, les opus prosaïques ou poétiques de ces religieux restituent une image subjective de l’exil jésuitique d’un point de vue instructif et humain. Maîtres d’une vaste culture et d’une grande sensibilité, les écrivains jésuites démontrent la tragédie de ce qu’on a appelé, de façon euphémique, l’extrañamiento, cette migration forcée qui clive la communauté ignatienne en fonction de ses origines espagnoles ou américaines. Même si pour certains historiens, l’expulsion des Jésuites fut beaucoup moins inhumaine et plus “ éclairée ” que celles des juifs et des morisques, il ne faut pas négliger le traumatisme d’un exil qui se manifeste dans les poèmes élégiaques de Velasco ou dans ceux de Landívar. Depuis l’éloignement des faits, une large bibliographie, qui encense les cultures créole et amérindienne, divulgue des sentiments dictés par la douleur, et des réflexions indépendantistes conditionnés par la passion et la nostalgie. Il faudra alors insister sur le caractère protéiforme de ces écrits tout en les restituant à l’intérieur d’une identité religieuse profondément marquée par l’activisme intellectuel.
Integración y migración : las Iglesias pentecostales en España
Authors: García Paola
Published: September 2020

From the early eighties Spain has received immigrants that have slowly joined and integrated the Spanish society. The Latin Americans, who constitute the most important foreign group in Spain, have developed multiple forms of integration, one of which is their insertion in different Pentecostal churches. On the basis of the ethnographic information gathered in diverse field research (2004-2008), our aim is to show the efficiency of these institutions in the social and professional integration of the Latin American immigrants who live in Madrid.
Calidad de vida en población desplazada por el conflicto interno en Colombia
Authors: Bravo German Darío Vallejo
Published: September 2020

This article analyzes one of the main consequences of internal armed conflict in Colombia which is the forced displacement, the victims who suffer it and its influence on their quality of life. For this purpose, a review of the social situation and violence in Colombia is carried outdiscussing the theoretical term quality of life, exposing, as well, some scientific input to contextualize the problem at hand. Finally, a critic look at the state of quality of life in the displaced in Colombia is presented.
Migrants latino-américains à Madrid : quelles stratégies pour la reconnaissance professionnelle ?
Authors: Koller Sylvie
Published: September 2020

Les flux latino-américains s’inscrivent dans le boom migratoire qu’a connu l’Espagne dans la dernière décennie du XXº siècle. Ils sont proportionnellement plus nombreux à Madrid que dans d’autres régions. Une partie de ces migrant(es) ont un diplôme d’enseignement supérieur obtenu dans leur pays d’origine et une expérience professionnelle.  Or, la plupart occupent des emplois  non qualifiés peu qualifiés, avec des variations selon les pays d’origine. Ce déclassement, largement ignoré, ne fait pas l’objet de politiques publiques. Cependant, les personnes en mal de reconnaissance professionnelle ont recours à des stratégies individuelles diversifiées pour échapper au travail non qualifié. Des formes d’organisation collectives apparaissent aussi, destinées à accroître la visibilité de ces professionnels et à renforcer leur légitimité. Avec quelles  alliances ? Avec quelles chances de succès ?
Les migrants, sujets de la mobilisation ? L’expérience des migrants équatoriens dans la crise espagnole à la fin des années 2000
Authors: González Olga L.
Published: September 2020

Cet article a pour objet l’analyse d’une lutte de migrants à Madrid à la fin des années 2000. A partir de cette expérience concrète, nous souhaitons réfléchir à la question plus générale de la mobilisation des migrants, un thème relativement peu traité dans la littérature. La première partie de l’article présente la mobilisation et l’organisation de migrants équatoriens en vue de garder leur logement et dénoncer les pratiques abusives du système bancaire. Initiée en 2008, elle a connu un regain avec le mouvement des indignados pendant l’été 2011. La deuxième partie de l’article examine quelques hypothèses relatives à l’invisibilité de ce type de mobilisation et s’interroge sur ses conséquences.
Narrativas del cine sobre el viaje migratorio mexicano: Lenguaje simbólico y realidad social
Authors: Ordóñez Edith Mora
Published: September 2020

Films about Mexican migration to the United States that originally appeared in the forties have evolved in their process as artistic and communicative texts. This work analyzes six films, viewed as literary works that are representative of migration films with the objective of interpreting the key elements that build their social discourse and their symbolic dimension, which together configure the social imaginary about the Mexican-American migratory context.
Una mirada a las representaciones cinematográficas de las regiones fronterizas en México
Authors: Clot Jean Philippe , Pérez Heidi Elizabeth Aguilar
Published: September 2020

In the south and north of México, the border regions are a stage of complex processes in migration, economic and cultural topics; they give to the region an own character. Contemporary cinema presents stories about the various current issues that characterize this context, which is marked by the boundary between two sovereignties and which constitutes, at the same time, a particular region of traffic flows and encounters. The cinema does not have the same purposes, or the same standards of objectivity that the social sciences, but it’s an important discourse about the society, a representation of reality with a particular language. In this work, we focus in how the Mexican border regions are represented in the movies, with the objective to determine if the cinematographic perspective can enrich the field of academic studies of border dynamics and the phenomenon of migration.
El poder del documental: representación de los derechos humanos de las mujeres inmigrantes latinoamericanas en Estados Unidos
Authors: Retis Jéssica
Published: September 2020

For several years we have been carrying out critical análisis of images of Latin American immigrants in the Spanish and European media. This article summarizes some findings of a broader research that analyzes the images of Latin American immigrants in the U.S. media. The first part summarizes the socioeconomic context of Latin American immigrants women in the United States.  The second part deal addresses main trenes in the representation of Latinas in mainstream media. Finally we draw our first inquiries about the power of the cinema vérité to visually represent human rights in the case of two documentaries: “Maid in America” and “Made in LA”.
Legislación y políticas en Nueva Granada y Chile para atraer la inmigración extranjera a mediados del siglo XIX
Authors: Romero Vicente
Published: September 2020

In the middle of the 19th century, an exceptional number of Europeans went to the American continent, especially to United-States. Chile and New Granada States given same lows to attract a part of those Europeans into their countries. To reach this, the foreigners could obtain the status of nationals than before. Even if have censitary conditions, they would be active citizens. These south-American States take same resolutions in view to transform these migrants in owners in their country. However the State programs of colonization with foreigners actually were extremely discreet. Administration of those countries decided to install a reduced number of groups of foreigner migrants in traditionally eccentric regions of their country. Settled in these regions, it’s clear that those foreigners’ colonies will be an allied force of the State and the criolla dominant class, as avant-garde on the frontline in the aim to underpin the territory or conquer and colonize the lands ant Indian territories. By this way these foreigners’ colonies are not a threat but consolidate the traditional economic and social power in these countries. For the “coolie-Indians” and other kind of manual workers and day laborers that will arrive, those State programs envisage only a subaltern social destiny.
Usos de la comida ritual entre nahuas de Guerrero
Authors: Eshelman Catharine Good
Published: September 2020

Based on the author’s long-term fieldwork, this article examines different strategies for interpreting the use of ritual foods in indigenous regions. It argues that ritual uses of food facilitate cultural reproduction and the transmission of local cosmologies. It considers the preparation y distribution of certain foods in agricultural ceremonies, offerings for the dead, and exchange during marriages. Food in ritual contexts appears to be an area for cultural resistance to imposed modernization in Mexico today.
Montoneros y el PRT-ERP : una propuesta comparativa a partir del análisis de sus posiciones frente al movimiento obrero (1973-1976)
Authors: Pacheco Julieta , Lissandrello Guido
Published: September 2020

La historiografía sobre la década de los ’70 en la Argentina ha tendido a centrarse en el despliegue militar de las organizaciones políticas de izquierda. De este modo ha quedado relegado el estudio de los frentes de masas. En este artículo nos proponemos hacer foco sobre este último aspecto, deteniéndonos en la construcción sindical de Montoneros y el PRT-ERP durante 1973 y 1976. Utilizando documentos internos y publicaciones periódicas, buscamos desarrollar una línea comparativa que permita comprender la lógica de esa construcción en el diseño político más general de cada organización.