bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing soilless and non-chemical farming food production systems: Nutritional and environmental aspects for food security and sustainability
Authors: Hatongkham Wannaporn , Sranacharoenp Kitti , Suwanmanee Unchalee , Supaibulwatana Kanyaratt
Published: August 2024

Plant factory with artificial light (PFAL) technology is a soilless cultivation system that designed to optimize plant growth, productivity, and product quality, as well as ensure efficient use of water and fertilizer. Non-chemical farming (N-CF) systems are a traditional agricultural cultivation method. Both agricultural systems can serve as commodity production methods for ensuring food security. However, concerns about nutritional value and environmental sustainability remain. This study compares the nutritional compositions, antioxidant contents, environmental impacts, and carbon footprint of kale (Brassica oleracea L.) in PFAL and N-CF systems. The proximate values of kale in PFAL and N-CF systems were not significantly different (p < 0.05). However, the results revealed that antioxidant contents, determined by polyphenol, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were significantly lower in PFAL-harvested kale than in N-CF-harvested kale after three months. The polyphenol, ORAC and FRAP of PFAL kale were 68.95 mg GAE/100 g, 1,321.25 and 111.95 μmol TE/100 g fresh weight, respectively, while those of N-CF kale were136.06 mg GAE/100 g, 3,519.87 and 220.17 μmol TE/100 g fresh weight, respectively. The carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of 3 month-kale from PFAL and N-CF productions were 168.61 and 14.75 Kg CO2 eq./kg of kale, respectively. Consequently, new policies should be oriented toward reducing environmental pressure by introducing process certification of low environmental impacts. However, not only environmental aspects but also the adequacy of nutritive values of products should be a concern for farming food production systems.
Nuevas fronteras de la otredad: impacto de la pandemia en el discurso mediático sobre inmigración en España
Authors: Creus Amalia Susana , Martins Ines
Published: August 2024

El texto presenta un estudio sobre las representaciones de la inmigración en la prensa Española de marzo de 2020 a marzo 2022, período auge de la pandemia del COVID-19 en Europa. A partir del análisis crítico del discurso de una muestra de 347 noticias publicadas en los cinco medios de prensa escrita de mayor audiencia en España, se  identifican y analizan diferentes marcos discursivos - emergentes y recurrentes - en torno a la inmigración y las personas migrantes. Los resultados del estudio apuntan a una agudización de la estigmatización de las migraciones como un fenómeno esencialmente problemático y explícitamente asociado a la propagación del virus a escala global. Se identifican discursos que refuerzan, de una manera nueva, viejas retóricas que hablan de las personas migrantes como potencialmente peligrosas, bajo imaginarios de un cierto primitivismo: son vulnerables, violentas, incívicas, incomprensibles, en contraste con la autorepresentación positiva de una Europa autóctona, blanca y civilizada.
Estágio Supervisionado, a formação docente e o ensino de língua inglesa
Authors: Da Silva Santos Márcio , Rodrigues da Silva Sidcley
Published: August 2024

O estágio curricular supervisionado é saber vivenciar tudo que envolve a escola-campo. Nessa perspectiva, é fundamental que os professores em formação levem esse pensamento no decurso de sua caminhada dentro da escola. Com o estágio curricular supervisionado II em Língua Inglesa no ensino médio, conseguimos aprimorar nossa formação acadêmica por meio da relação com alunos e professores da instituição de ensino na qual estagiamos. Esse relato teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre estágio supervisionado, a formação docente e o ensino de Língua Inglesa a partir da experiência vivenciada na escola-campo, intervindo na realidade da instituição de ensino e ressaltando pontos importantes e necessários para a compreensão e reflexão sobre a prática docente e o ensino de Língua Inglesa na dimensão do estágio supervisionado. Desse modo, é imperioso destacar que a relação entre o estágio supervisionado, a formação docente e o ensino de Língua Inglesa a partir da experiência na instituição de ensino foi significativa, uma vez que, por meio do estágio supervisionado, conseguimos fortalecer as nossas práticas pedagógicas na formação docente, o que fez com que o nosso agir docente e a nossa forma de ensinar fossem significativas.
POLÍTICA DE INFORMAÇÃO PARA A INTERNET
Authors: Ribeiro de Oliveira Daniela , Marques Rodrigo Moreno
Published: August 2024

O trabalho tem como objetivo discutir como as redes móveis de quinta geração podem interferir no princípio da neutralidade de rede a partir da criação de um conjunto de regras técnicas para o fluxo informacional na internet. Para fundamentar a discussão do tema, são adotados os conceitos de política de informação e de regime de informação. Aborda-se o papel da tecnologia na governança da internet; a arquitetura original da rede e sua influência no fluxo de conteúdos na rede; além das especificações técnicas das redes móveis de quinta geração e a sua relação com o princípio da neutralidade de rede. O resultado desta pesquisa bibliográfica e documental aponta que a tecnologia das redes móveis de quinta geração tem potencial para alterar a concepção neutra da rede estabelecida na arquitetura técnica original da internet, não obstante o disciplinamento do princípio da neutralidade nas políticas de informação nacionais.
Investigating the Inhibitory Effects of Hydatid Cyst Fluid and its Antigens
on Cancer Progression; A Review
Authors: Shojaeian Ali , Barati Nastaran , Motavallihaghi Seyedmousa
Published: August 2024

Hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) is a complex biological substance primarily composed of water,
proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, salts, enzymes, hormones, growth factors, immune modulators,
and other bioactive molecules. Within HCF, antigens such as antigen B (AgB) and antigen 5 family
members (Ag5) have been identified. These antigens have been found to possess the ability to
hinder the progression of cancer. Although the exact mechanisms by which these components inhibit
cancer progression are not fully understood; it is believed that they may impact various signaling
pathways involved in cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In vitro
studies have demonstrated that treatment with HCF or specific antigens can impede cell growth, induce
apoptosis, and suppress the migration of cancer cells. Animal model studies have also shown
significant inhibition of tumor growth, reduction in angiogenesis, and suppression of metastasis.
Although limited, clinical studies have displayed promising outcomes, including improved overall
survival and reduced recurrence rates among breast cancer patients who received AgB immunotherapy
alongside standard treatment. This study attempts to offer a thorough synopsis of research
exploring the possible anti-cancer capabilities of HCF and related HFAs.
Raman Spectra-based Structural Classification Analysis of Flavones, Flavonols, and Isoflavones Using Machine Learning
Authors: Peng Yangyao , Li Li , Yang Yuhang , Zhang Dongjie , Bao Deyu , Li Xiujun , Hu Xiaojia , Zeng Qi , Li Xiao , Zhang Zhen , Chen Xueli
Published: August 2024

Background:

Different C-3 substituted flavonoids have different biological activities and
applications in food pharmacology, toxicology, and medicine. Thus, the rapid identification and classification
of substitution patterns at C-3 of flavonoids can benefit the processing of flavonoid-related
food and medicine.

Objective:

This study aimed to classify flavonoids with different C3 substituents using Raman spectroscopy,
providing a feasible approach for identifying flavonoids in plants.

Methods:

Eighteen flavonoid samples were selected and dissolved in different solvents. The corresponding
Raman spectra were collected by a portable Raman spectrograph. After preprocessing,
feature reduction and machine learning were used for the accurate classification of three flavonoids
based on 66 Raman spectra.

Results:

The signals of flavone at 1002, 1245, 1590, and 1609 cm-1 were identified as the characteristic
peaks. Peaks at 1298, 1586, and 1605 cm-1 were the special features observed of flavonol. The fingerprint
features of isoflavone appeared at 894, 1227, 1321, and 1620 cm-1. All combinations achieved a
good classification accuracy of 85%, and the accuracy of the neural network reached 93.3%.

Conclusion:

The results have demonstrated machine learning to be applicable for the detection and classification
of C-3 substituted flavonoids and that feature reduction can aid in the discrimination of Raman
spectra variations among diverse C-3 substituted flavonoids, thereby facilitating their further application.
Enhancing Mitochondrial Function: A Novel Therapeutic Target for
Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Iqbal Azhar , Ali Faisal , Qayyum Adiba , Arshad Fiza , Choudhary Shanza , Sajid Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease caused by the gradual
degradation of neurons. Current therapies for AD primarily relieve symptoms. However, a comprehensive
understanding of the fundamental processes of AD progression is still lacking. Mitochondrial
dysfunction is a central factor in the etiology of AD. Numerous studies have shown that
mitochondrial function is severely impaired during the development of AD. There has been much
interest in preliminary research on the different treatment methods for mitochondrial dysfunction.
Nonetheless, clinical trials have shown little progress to date. This article aims to review the various
aspects of the changes in mitochondrial dynamics observed in Alzheimer's, which may impact
the progression of this severe condition. Furthermore, we investigated therapeutic approaches that
aim to enhance mitochondrial dynamics and function, potentially providing a different approach
to overcome the limitations of amyloid-directed therapy.
Odd Consequences of Dysglycemia in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Sundargowda Shruthi A , Halumane Keerthana S. , Kadiri Sunil Kumar , Khobragade Deepak S.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Ischemic heart disease and coronary artery disease are both considered to be
the causative factors for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Cardiovascular disease is the primary
cause of death and illness in individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It has been reported
that long-term hyperglycemia causes chronic heart disease.Background:

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the hyperlinks between dysglycemia and acute coronary syndrome.

Materials and Methods:

Databases specifically designed for medical research, such as PubMed,
Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar, were utilized for the study. In addition, data from credible
health groups and government authorities were also obtained.

Results:

It has been reported that long-term hyperglycemia causes chronic heart disease. Individuals
with type 1 diabetes mellitus tend to develop Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), especially if they have
nephropathy. The correlation between dysglycemia and ACS is intricate, and individual reactions
may differ. The relationship between genes and environment is now recognized to be mediated by
epigenetic factors through many sorts of responses, which can help explain the link between diabetes
and cardiovascular disease. HbA1c, a measure of long-term glycemic management, may independently
increase CHD risk; however, this is unclear.

Conclusion:

Poor glycemic management, oxidative stress, insulin resistance indicators, and lowgrade
inflammation may cause cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Optimal management of blood
glucose levels and comprehensive cardiovascular care are essential in minimizing the impact of dysglycemia
on Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) outcomes.
Ruthenium Complex Suppresses Proliferation of Residual Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Incomplete Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy
Authors: Yu Zhi-Jie , Guo Shun-Wen , Wang Bi-Shu , Ouyang Shi , Zhang Xian-Huan , Zhao Zi-Zhuo , Wang Jin-Quan
Published: August 2024

Background:

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective therapy for hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC). However, incomplete radiofrequency ablation (IRFA) can promote the progression
of residual cancer cells, which is a serious problem in the clinical application of RFA. Therefore,
it is of great significance to explore the mechanism and countermeasures of the progression
of residual tumors after IRFA. Our previous study confirmed that IRFA can activate the hypoxia/
autophagy pathway of residual tumors in mice and then induce the proliferation of residual tumor
cells. Additionally, we found a metal ruthenium complex [Ru(bpy)2(ipad)](ClO4)2 (Ru, where
bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine and ipad = 2-(anthracene-9,10-dione-2-yl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline)
can effectively inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) and has good anti-tumor effect in a
hypoxic environment; however, whether Ru could suppress the proliferation of residual tumor
cells after IRFA is unknown.

Objective:

This study intends to evaluate the effect of Ru in suppressing the proliferation of residual
hepatocellular carcinoma after IRFA in a mice model.

Methods:

The Hepa1-6 xenograft mouse model was established in C57BL/6 mice to simulate clinical
IRFA. H&E staining was used to evaluate the biosafety of major organs in the treated mice.
TUNEL assay was employed to assess the antitumor effect. Immunohistochemically and immunofluorescence
staining was performed to detect the expression of HIF-1α and autophagy-related
proteins. The ELISA assay was used to examine the cytokines of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
and interleukin 10 (IL-10).

Results:

Our findings revealed that the residual tumor relapsed via the HIF-1α/LC3B/P62 autophagy-
related pathway after IRFA, while Ru could suppress this process. In addition, it was demonstrated
that Ru could effectively activate the immune system of the mice and reverse the tumor immune
suppression microenvironment after IRFA.

Conclusion:

The ruthenium complex Ru could suppress the proliferation of residual hepatocellular
carcinoma cells after IRFA in the mice model. This study introduces a novel approach that
combines the use of ruthenium complexes with IRFA, offering a potential solution to address the
reoccurrence of residual liver cancer following IRFA in clinical settings.
Micellplex-mediated site specific RNAi delivery: An insight to plausible therapeutic intervention against COVID-19
Authors: Prakash Shaurya , Minakshi  , Kumari Hemlata , Ajay Amrendra K. , Kumar Antresh
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic is primarily caused by the SARS-CoV-2 or coronavirus with a significant higher morbidity and mortality all around the globe. More than 3.78 million individuals have been killed, leaving almost no region untouched worldwide. The SARS-CoV-2 is a positive sense ssRNA, a zoonotic origin virus which commonly habitats in horseshoe bats. Since, the advent of this pandemic, the major agencies worldwide has started research for developing therapeutics and medicine against this disease. Many medicines have been repurposed for its effective treatment. However, clinical trials for many more drugs are on the way. In this review, we propose the use of RNAi technology for silencing the genome of the virus once it gets inside the cells and for its site-specific delivery. Artificial cells and a nanotechnology technique to use micelleplexes have been proposed to deliver siRNA to the susceptible cells. The site specific delivery could be achieved by harnessing the antigenic peptide of the viral spike protein. The proposed delivery system may help to elicit an immune response against the virus and provide protection tool against the COVID-19 infections.
Introduction to Carbohydrates
Authors: Sarkar Mrittika , Hait Sinchan , Joshi Sai
Published: August 2024

Carbohydrates are one of the four major classes of biologically essential
organic molecules in living organisms. They are the most abundant class of
biomolecules in nature based on their mass. And they make up most of the organic
bodies on earth due to their extensive role in every life form. Carbohydrates are
polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or substances that result in such compounds upon
hydrolysis. These macromolecules are composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and
oxygen (O). They are also referred to as saccharides (sakcharon = sugar or sweetness)
since most of them have a sweet taste. Apart from that, carbohydrate serves as a
primary energy source, a structural framework for nucleotides, and provides structural
support to organisms. They also play a crucial role as mediators in cellular interaction.
Carbohydrates are classified into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and
polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, and a few
monosaccharides hydrolyse to form oligosaccharide, and many monosaccharides
together form polysaccharides. They also act as a precursor for glycoproteins and
glycolipids. In this section, we are discussing some basic concepts about carbohydrates.
Protein Purification
Authors: Hait Sinchan , Joshi Sai , Padhye Ankita Nitin
Published: August 2024

Protein purification is an essential step after protein isolation. Protein
purification ensures the removal of all contaminants from the sample pool. Purification
depends on the chemical and physical interactions of protein molecules and chemical
moieties. These techniques are performed with tags and without tags. Tag purification
involves ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. Purification of proteins with tags
utilizes affinity and size exclusion chromatography. There are various methods
available for this, however, we will discuss some most common methods for protein
purification.
Quantitative Tests for Nucleic Acid Detection
Authors: Sarkar Mrittika , Hait Sinchan , Joshi Sai , Supekar Revati
Published: August 2024

Nucleic acid quantification is essential in experiments associated with
genetic engineering. Over periods, several techniques have been developed to quantify
nucleic acids. UV-Vis spectrophotometer is the simplest technique where it is
associated with absorbance, which is proportional to the concentration of the sample.
There are some colourimetric methods, such as the diphenylamine (DPA) method, and
the orcinol method, where nucleic acid reacts with diphenylamine and forms a bright
blue colour complex, and orcinol reacts and forms a green colour complex. Apart from
that, some advanced techniques, such as fluorescence techniques, are used for
quantification. In this chapter, each of these methods is explained in detail.
Recent Advancements in Text Summarization with Natural Language Processing
Authors: Mishra Asha Rani , Garg Payal
Published: August 2024

Computers can now comprehend and interpret human languages thanks to
Natural Language Processing (NLP), a subfield of artificial intelligence. NLP is now
being used in a variety of fields, including healthcare, banking, marketing, and
entertainment. NLP is employed in the healthcare industry for activities like disease
surveillance, medical coding, and clinical documentation. NLP may extract relevant
data from patient data and clinical notes. Sentiment classification, fraud prevention,
and risk management are three areas of finance where NLP is applied. It can identify
trends in financial data, spot anomalies that can point to fraud, and examine news
stories and social network feeds to learn more about consumer trends and market
dynamics. NLP is utilized in marketing for chatbot development, sentiment analysis,
and consumer feedback analysis. It can assist in determining the needs and preferences
of the consumer, create tailored marketing campaigns, and offer chatbot-based
customer care. Speech recognition, language translation, and content suggestion are all
uses of NLP in the entertainment industry. In order to suggest movies, TV series, and
other material that viewers are likely to love, NLP analyses user behaviour and
preferences. It can also translate text between languages and instantly translate audio
and video content. It is anticipated that NLP technology will develop further and be
used in new fields and use cases. It will soon be a necessary tool for enterprises and
organizations in a variety of sectors. In this chapter, we will highlight the overview and
adoption of NLP in different applications. Also, this chapter discusses text
summarization, an important application of NLP. Different techniques of generating
text summaries along with evaluation metrics are the highlights of the chapter.
Learning Techniques for Natural Language Processing: An Overview
Authors: Anjum Shahina , Yadav Sunil Kumar
Published: August 2024

Natural Language Processing, also called as NLP, is a fast-growing arena
that comprises the development of algorithms and models to make it possible for
machines to comprehend, translate, and develop human language. There are several
uses for NLP, including automatic translation, sentiment analysis, text summarization,
and speech recognition, and chatbot development. This chapter presents an overview of
learning techniques used in NLP, including supervised, unsupervised, and
reinforcement learning methods coming under machine learning. The chapter also
discusses several popular learning techniques in NLP, such as Support Vector
Machines (SVM) and Bayesian Networks, which are usually helpful in text
classification, Neural Networks, and Deep Learning Models, which also incorporate
Transformers, Recurrent Neural Networks, and Convolutional Neural Networks. It also
covers traditional techniques such as Hidden Markov, N-gram, and Probabilistic
Graphical Models. Some recent advancements in NLP, such as Transfer Learning,
Domain Adaptation, and Multi-Task Learning, are also considered. Moreover, the
chapter focuses on challenges and considerations in NLP learning techniques, including
data pre-processing, feature extraction, model evaluation, and dealing with limited data
and domain-specific challenges.
Deep Learning-Based Text Identification from Hazy Images: A Self-Collected Dataset Approach
Authors: Vishwakarma Sandeep Kumar , Pillai Anuradha , Punj Deepika
Published: August 2024

This research suggests a deep learning-based method for text identification
from hazy images using a self-collected dataset. The problem of identifying text from
hazy images is challenging due to the degradation of the image quality caused by
various atmospheric conditions. To address this issue, the proposed approach utilizes a
deep learning framework that comprises a hybrid architecture wherein a convolutional
neural network (CNN) is employed for feature extraction and a recurrent neural
network (RNN) is utilized for sequence modelling. A self-collected dataset is employed
for training and validation of the proposed approach, which contains hazy images of
various text sizes and fonts. The experimental findings show that the suggested
technique outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in correctly recognizing text from
hazy images. Additionally, the proposed self-collected dataset is publicly available,
providing a valuable resource for future investigations in the field. Overall, the
proposed approach has potential applications in various domains, including image
restoration, text recognition, and intelligent transportation systems. The performance of
the trained model is then evaluated using a third-party dataset consisting of blurry
photos. The effectiveness of the model may be evaluated using standard metrics,
including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.
Machine Translation of English to Hindi with the LSTM Seq2Seq Model Utilizing Attention Mechanism
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Vishwakarma Sandeep Kumar , Singh Abhishek , Tanwar Rohit , Pandey Digvijay
Published: August 2024

Machine translation uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to
automatically translate text across languages. Business globalization and the internet
have made it more popular. Machine translation may be handy for rapidly
comprehending foreign language content, but it is not always precise or dependable,
particularly for complicated or idiomatic languages. The research presents a neural
machine translation approach based on the sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq)
architecture using Uni-LSTM and Bi-LSTM with and without attention mechanisms
for translating English sentences into Hindi sentences. We investigated a variety of
procedures for the construction of machine translation models, such as the Seq2Seq
model and attention processes. We trained the model on a large parallel corpus of
English-to-Hindi sentence pairs and evaluated it on a separate test set. The efficacy of
our approach was demonstrated by the high level of BLEU score achieved, which was
14.76 by the Bi-LSTM with attention mechanism in contrast to the Uni-LSTM in
translating an English sentence into a Hindi sentence. Our research endeavours to
achieve a high level of performance in machine translation on the test set and. Our
results suggest that the proposed Seq2Seq model with attention mechanisms is a
promising approach for English-to-Hindi machine translation.
Overview of Women’s Health
Authors: Kumar Suraj , Malviya Rishabha , Meenakshi Dhanalekshmi Unnikrishnan
Published: August 2024

This chapter provides an overview of Women's health, encompassing various
aspects of physical, mental, and social well-being specific to women. Women's health
concerns have gained significant attention due to their unique physiological,
psychological, and social attributes. This overview explores key areas such as
reproductive health, menstrual cycle, maternal health, menopause, and common
medical conditions affecting women. It discusses the importance of gender-sensitive
healthcare approaches and emphasizes the need for comprehensive medical services
that address Women's specific needs. Furthermore, the book highlights the significance
of promoting education and awareness regarding Women's health issues, enabling
informed decision-making and proactive healthcare management. In conclusion, this
overview underscores the necessity of recognizing Women's health as a vital component
of public health agendas and advocates for continued research, policy development,
and healthcare initiatives aimed at enhancing Women's overall well-being.
Menstrual Cycle and Common Menstrual Problems
Authors: Shandily Shrishti , Singh Anjali , Mathur Neha
Published: August 2024

Menstruation, also commonly referred to as a period, is a woman's monthly
cycle of consistent vaginal bleeding. Every month, the female body prepares for
pregnancy. The maintenance and preparation of the uterine lining to receive an embryo
are governed by the uterine cycle. The typical duration of these cycles, which are
contemporaneous and coordinated, ranges from 21 to 35 days, with a median of 28
days, and they persist for roughly 30 to 45 years. If there is no pregnancy, the uterus,
also known as the womb, loses its lining and is released as menstrual blood, which is
composed of both blood and uterine tissue. Menstrual disorders can be brought on by a
wide range of variables, such as hormonal imbalances, genetic predispositions, clotting
issues, pelvic illnesses, dietary patterns, etc. As a result, new lifestyle choices like
eating junk food and doing less exercise are having a negative impact on Women's
menstrual cycles. Menstruation is a normal part of life, but individuals often complain
about cultural taboos associated with it. The prevention of numerous current and future
gynecological issues, such as infertility, obesity, and polycystic ovaries, depends on
improving menstrual health. In this chapter, we will discuss common menstrual
problems, their prognosis, types of common, the concept of menarche and stages in the
menstrual cycle, menstrual hygiene practices, menstruation in Indian adolescent girls,
and management of menstrual problems.
Understanding Heart Diseases and the Risk Factors in Women
Authors: Kushwaha Shom Prakash , Hasan Syed Misbahul , Singh Kuldeep , Kumar Arun , Arif Muhammad , Kushwaha Poonam , Hafeez Abdul , Shoaib Ambreen
Published: August 2024

The number one sickness and death factor for women worldwide is
cardiovascular disease. However, common risk factors for heart illness, like increased
blood pressure and smoking, can affect women differently than men. This has led to
unique pathophysiological features and diagnostic challenges in women, which require
different approaches than those used for men. It is, therefore, significant to appreciate
the specific risks and mechanisms of heart diseases in women in order to prevent,
diagnose and treat them. This chapter describes the current understanding of
cardiovascular diseases in women, including gender-specific risk factors,
pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, prevention, intervention, and
management strategies, and explores gaps and future directions. Gender development is
a complex process that is influenced by many factors, such as societal norms, culture,
and individual experiences. These factors can create challenges in diagnosis,
prevention, and intervention when it comes to maintaining cardiovascular health in
women. This chapter also discusses the importance of promoting gender equity and
empowering women, as these issues are integral to physical and mental health and,
therefore, to cardiovascular health. Finally, the article suggests strategies for resolving
these challenges and stresses the importance of continued research and action to
achieve better cardiovascular health in women.
Sinapis alba L. Seeds: Taxonomic and Ethnobotanical Aspects
Authors: Zahi Mohamed Reda , Sabour Smain , Hattab Mohamed E.L.
Published: August 2024

This chapter concisely presents the state of knowledge about the
taxonomical and ethnobotanical aspects of the seeds of Sinapis alba L. (S. alba),
known as white or yellow mustard, belonging to the famous Cruciferaceae (or
Brassicaceae) family. It starts with an introduction to medicinal plants, the seeds of S.
alba, and their benefits for humans. This is followed by the systematics and taxonomy
of the seeds, which are very important for the identification and reconstruction of the
phylogeny of spices. In addition, the physical description of the plant and seeds has
also been explained in detail in this section. The main part of this chapter is devoted to
the extraction methods used to prepare essential oils and/or crude extracts from S. alba
seeds for chemical and biological valorization. The last part deals with the history and
the ethnomedical uses of the seeds.
An Updated Literature-based Mechanistic Review: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Therapeutic Promises of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)
Authors: Maithani M. , Bansal P. , Gupta V. , Singh R. , Yadav M. , Joshi G. , Goyal M.
Published: August 2024

Cinnamon, also known as Cinnamomum verum, has long been recognized
for its therapeutic benefits. The inner bark of trees, known as Cinnamomum, is used to
make the spice cinnamon. It has been used as a component since the dawn of time,
possibly as early as Ancient Egypt. It was once considered a blessing fit for a lord and
was unusual and remarkable. These days, cinnamon is inexpensive, available at every
general store and used as an ingredient in a variety of dishes and recipes. Cinnamon
comes in two primary varieties: Ceylon cinnamon, also called “true” cinnamon, and
Cassia cinnamon, which is the more widely available variety and what most people call
“Cinnamon” nowadays. Cutting the stems of cinnamon trees yields cinnamon. After
that, the woody portions are released, and the inner bark is split apart. When it dries, it
becomes cinnamon sticks, which are strips that twist into rolls, and these sticks can be
ground to make cinnamon powder. The major component of cinnamon is
cinnamaldehyde. Cinnamaldehyde is concentrated in the slick section of the plant,
which gives cinnamon its unique flavours and fragrance. In addition, it is also
responsible for the majority of cinnamon's health benefits, including its antiinflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-infective, and anti-diabetic properties. Furthermore, it
can bring down glucose levels, decrease coronary illness chance factors and has plenty
of other great medical advantages. The cinnamon variant has significant amounts of
coumarin, a substance that is known to be harmful in high concentrations. While all
cinnamon should offer health benefits, Cinnamon's high coumarin level may cause
major problems with large doses. In this way, Ceylon, often known as “true” cinnamon,
is greatly enhanced, and research indicates that it has far less coumarin than cinnamon.
In the end, one of the world's tastiest and healthiest flavors is cinnamon.
Synthetic Analogues of Curcumin: The Search for Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Badavath Vishnu Nayak , Maji Siddhartha , Saravanabhavan Munusamy , Gupta Saurabh , Chaitanya M.V.N.L. , Jayaprakash Venkatesan
Published: August 2024

Curcumin, a key component of Curcuma longa L.'s rhizome, has a wide
range of biological activities, as evidenced by intensive research over the last five
decades. Curcumin has recently been utilized as an alternative medical ingredient in
Southeast Asia to cure a variety of diseases, including stomach trouble, flatulence,
jaundice, arthritis, sprains, wounds, skin infections, etc. Curcumin has also been shown
to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and
anticancer properties. Medicinal chemists employ rational structural modifications to
improve the pharmacokinetic properties of a potential candidate to make them a
therapeutically useful candidate. The objective of the chapter is to summarise the
various modifications that have been carried out in curcumin’s structural framework
concerning its medicinal property. An elaborate discussion will be presented on
antioxidant and anticancer activities.
Uso de informação por empreendedores acadêmicos: estudo de caso em duas universidades no Brasil e Canadá
Authors: Fonseca Flavia de Souza Magalhães , Nassif Monica Erichsen
Published: August 2024

hese two case studies aim to identify the origin of information related to the formation of the entrepreneurial mindset of academics at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, in Brazil, and Western University, in Canada; and characterizes the sources of information used by interviewees, their information behavior and their social interactions. It has a qualitative and descriptive characteristic, and the data was collected from documentary research and in-depth structured interviews. The question guide considers the life stories of the participants: seven teachers in Brazil and seven students from Canada. In terms of sources of information and informational behavior, there was a considerable similarity in the processes of searching and using information between the two groups of interviewees, who give preference to digital sources, interactions with peers or people close to them, and the exchange of more informal information than formal, in a systematized dynamic that is part of everyday work.
EFFECT OF DEXTRIN ON WATER ACTIVITY, CRUDE FIBER, PHENOLICS, AND ORGANOLEPTIC FRUIT LEATHER GUAVA CRYSTAL-DRAGON FRUIT SKIN
Authors:   Universitas Diponegoro, Dwiloka Bambang
Published: August 2024

The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of varying concentrations of dextrin in fruit leather on attributes such as crude fiber content, total phenols, and organoleptic. The study was carried out utilizing a fully randomized design, implementing four interventions that included adding dextrin at various concentrations: (P0 ) 0%, (P1 ) 1%, (P2 ) 2%, and (P3 ) 3%, each replicated five times. The test results showed aw value of 0.40 - 0.42; crude fiber 6.31 - 7.76 g/100 g; total phenols 2.61 - 3.22%, color score 1.92 - 2.68; aroma 2 - 2.8; taste 2.24 - 2.6; and texture (plastic) 2.12 - 2.68. The test results for total phenols tend to show an increase. Increasing the concentration of added dextrin reduces the crude fiber, aroma, and taste but increases the color and texture (plasticity) of fruit leather.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FERMENTED ARJUNO ROBUSTA COFFEE BY COMMERCIAL BAKER’S YEAST
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Maligan Jaya Mahar , Hernanto Danang Pratomo ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Wulan Siti Narsito ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: August 2024

This research focused on the fermentation of coffee beans using commercial yeast containing S. cerevisiae with variations in fermentation duration (5, 10, and 15 hours) and yeast concentration (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%). The research aimed to understand how fermentation duration and yeast concentration affect the physical, aroma, and sensory characteristics of Robusta Arjuno coffee. The research employed a Randomized Block Factorial Design (RBFD) and ANOVA. The analysis results indicated that the coffee bean samples met SNI standards, including ash content, ash alkalinity, and coffee extract. The fermentation duration, yeast concentration, and interaction had no significant impact on attributes such as aroma, taste, aftertaste, acidity, body, balance, sweetness, uniformity, and overall quality. However, fermentation duration did affect the "clean cup" factor. Robusta Arjuno coffee with 3% yeast addition and a fermentation duration of 10 hours received the highest score (85.52), indicating the best quality in the cupping test.
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA TEH DAUN JAMBU AIR AKIBAT PERLAKUAN OKSIDASI DAN NON-OKSIDASI DENGAN PERBEDAAN METODE PENGERINGAN
Authors:   Universitas PGRI Semarang, Khaqiqi Taib , Hasbullah Umar Hafidz Asy’ari ,   Universitas PGRI Semarang, Ujianti Rizky Muliani Dwi ,   Universitas PGRI Semarang, Nurdyansyah Fafa ,   Universitas PGRI Semarang, Umiyati Rini ,   Universitas PGRI Semarang, Maligan Jaya Mahar ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: August 2024

Produk teh dapat dibuat dari bahan non teh seperti daun jambu air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mempelajari sifat kimia teh daun jambu biji delima melalui perlakuan non-oksidasi dan oksidasi enzimatik menggunakan berbagai teknik pengeringan seperti pengering kabinet, oven, dan sangrai. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah metode pengeringan dengan Pengering kabinet, oven dan Sangrai dengan kwali dari tanah. Faktor kedua adalah dengan oksidasi enzimatis dan non-oksidasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan non-oksidasi enzimatis dengan metode pengering oven memberikan pengaruh hasil tertinggi teh daun jambu air delima pada sifat kimia meliputi kadar abu (5.70%), pH (4.61). Selanjutnya, perlakuan non-oksidasi enzimatis dengan metode pengering pengering kabinet memberikan hasil tertinggi teh daun jambu air delima pada sifat dan kimia meliputi kadar air (10.44%), kadar tannin (13.74%), dan total fenol (186.97 mg GAE/gr).
A csípőízületi mikroinstabilitás és impingement megjelenése csapatsport versenyzők között
Authors: Schandl Krisztián , Tóth Dorottya , Tóth Máté , Kecskés Rita , Elbert Gábor , Ács Pongrác , Filó Csilla
Published: August 2024

Bevezetés és célok: A csípőízületi mikroinstabilitás egy figyelmen kívül hagyott állapot, azonban egyre nagyobb érdeklődésre tett szert az elmúlt években, a femoroacetabularis impingement-tel (FAI) együtt, a csípőfájdalom gyakori oka lehet a sportolói populáció körében. A kutatás célja az volt, hogy felmérésre kerüljenek a kórképek megjelenése a csapatsportolók között. A kutatás másodlagos célja, hogy áttekintésre kerüljenek a lokális csípőizmok potenciális stabilizáló szerepe, amelyek funkciója még nem teljesen tisztázott, de jó eséllyel hozzájárulhatnak ezen kórképek kezeléséhez. Adatok és módszertan: A tanulmányba került 129 sportoló, akik kora 18 és 38 év között volt. A mérések 2021 januárjától márciusig zajlottak. Beighton skála használatával kiszűrésre került az általános ízületi lazaság, majd speciális tesztek segítségével vizsgálatra került az elülső instabilitás és a FAI jelenléte. Statisztikai módszerek tekintetében két mintás t-próba, varianciaanalízis, Spearman rangkorreláció és Khí-négyzet próba használatára került sor. Eredmények: A résztvevők többsége nem volt hipermobil, de nagy számban mutattak pozitivitást az instabilitási és impingement teszteken. Szignifikáns különbség volt az egyes sportágak között több instabilitási teszt és az impingement teszt tekintetében. A különböző bajnokság szinten játszó labdarúgók összefüggést mutattak az elülső instabilitás és a FAI teszteken is. Szignifikáns különbséget mértünk a női és férfi játékosok között, több instabilitási teszten és az impingement teszten. Következtetések: A mikroinstabilitással összefüggő csípőízületi kórképek prevalens problémának tűnnek a csapatsport játékosok között, ám ezen állapotok megjelenése eltér egyes sportok esetén, illetve férfi és a női játékosok között. További kutatás szükség ezen különbségek megértése, mivel ez feltételezhetően segít a pathomechanizmus pontosabb átlátásban. A lokális csípőizmok tekintetében, a szakirodalom ellentmondásos, de a kurrens kutatásokra alapozva, ígéretes lehet további biomechanikai vizsgálatok elvégzése a témában.
What is new in the world of Olympic sports nowadays? (Are we living in the final hours of Olympism?) Clouds on the sky of the Olympic Movement’s future
Authors: Nemes András
Published: August 2024

Almost 130 years ago, on June 23, 1894, Dimitrios Vikélas and the French educator, historian and sports leader Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Coubertin first became secretary general and later president of the Committee. In a poem entitled “Ode to sport” written under a pseudonym in 1912, he expressed in the language of poetry the expectations that we can still find - more or less - in the text of the Olympic charter. I wonder what the sports leader Coubertin would say if he could visit the 2023 Olympic Games in Paris and see the “citius, altius, fortius” requirements are being pushed into the background by the non-sports aspects of daily politics? Would he have revised his position that “And you are fair, Sport”, yes! People often struggle for understanding and justice in vain, because if you are not with them, they discover it with you. Or is it fair that the IOC discriminates against certain nations (only one or two out of about forty) because of war conflicts? Yes, war is terrible, but what does the IOC have to do with it? As if the Olympic movement is competent in these matters! This can only happen because, unfortunately, Coubertin’s vision also becomes doubtful: O Sport, you are Peace! You promote happy relations between people, bringing them together in their shared devotion to a strength which is controlled, organized and self-disciplined. Yet the Ode threatens fraudsters with punishment: “He who, with some shameful trick, manages to deceive his fellow competitors feels guilty to his very core and lives in fear of the ignominious epithet which shall forever be attached to his name should his trickery be discovered.” Like in my previous articles, in this study, I classified the attacks on the universal values of sport into five groups (rings of five): doping, cheating, illegal spot betting, match-fixing and gender hacking. In this paper, without claiming to be complete, I only picked out a few counterexamples of the violation of the most important principles of Coubertin! And finally, here is the most astonishing question: Could the baron speak at all, or could he just mumble to himself because of today’s all-powerful political correctness? Overall, one should wonder if political correctness – although with benevolent intentions – may ruin the Olympic movement.
Effectiveness of Home Visiting Programs To Prevent Maternal Depression: A Systematic Review of RCTs
Authors: Liem Jean Andrina , Rustiadi Natalie Debora Devino , Wijovi Felix , Heriyanto Rivaldo Steven , Setyoputra Bryan , Sucahyo Emanuela Clarisa Karina , Lake Josephus Rivaldo , Aurielle Celine , Handoko Marshell Timotius , Cipta Darien Alfa
Published: August 2024

During prenatal and post-partum period, 10-20% of women experience depression. The quality of life and functional capacity of these women were also significantly impacted by depression. This condition also has an adverse effect on fetal development and newborn. Furthermore, home visit have been used to reduce maternal depression. However, the evidence of this still low. Hence, this review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of home visiting in preventing maternal depression. Articles for this systematic review were collected from several databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect) using terms related to maternal depression, prevention, and home visiting. The quality of included studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). This systematic review is comprised of 13 high quality randomized clinical trials with 4.804 participants. Eleven studies indicate that home visiting effectively reduce depressive symptoms and a study shows that mothers receiving home visiting are twice less likely to develop depressive symptoms. Home visiting are also beneficial for low-income women amidst the low rate of mental health services. Only two studies state that there is no evidence that home visiting effectively reduces depressive symptoms and increases caregiving quality. However, some studies state that the mother's cognitive, child growth, and maternal depression may improve with home visiting integrated with cognitive behavioral therapy, counseling, education such as lectures, or video. Home visiting are effective in preventing maternal depression. Further studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of the intervention plan in home visiting.
Systematic Review: The Correlation Burnout Rate in Cancer Patient Caregivers
Authors: Febrianti Erlin , Cipta Darien Alfa , Esperanza Maria , Handoko Marshell Timotius , Sembiring Melanie Darischa , Kristianti Naftali Intania
Published: August 2024

The caregiver among cancer patients often experiences hardships while providing emotional, physical, and financial support for their family members. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. However, due to improved cancer treatment, there is a reduced mortality rate and increased survival rate among patients with cancer, resulting in an increased and prolonged burden for both patients and caregivers. The caregiver is a professional in treating patients requiring extended outpatient care, assisting patients in their daily activities, and performing medical treatment. The method we used is a systematic review of the correlation between burnout rates in cancer patients' caregivers. Was also conducted a researcher's method uses a cross-sectional/study. We used 14 articles that correlated and searched the keyword cancer, patient cancer, burnout, and caregivers. Also, the results stated that caregivers are highly related to the level of burnout; thus, research shows caregivers have low self-esteem, adverse health effects, and depression. Ultimately, there is a high correlation between burnout in caregivers and cancer patients. Caregivers play a crucial role in the management of cancer patients. Giving caregivers the social support they need, educational resources, and supporting programs may decrease burnout because they need to provide for their mental health, which correlates with low self-esteem, adverse health effects, and depression. There is great potential for improvement in the design of cancer caregiver intervention studies to plan for future implementation, so more in-depth studies on this topic are needed.