bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Aging Effect of Metformin: A Molecular and Therapeutical Perspective
Authors: Torres Wheeler , Nava Manuel , Galbán Nestor , Gómez Yosselin , Morillo Valery , Rojas Milagros , Cano Clímaco , Chacín Maricarmen , D´Marco Luis , Herazo Yaneth , Velasco Manuel , Bermúdez Valmore , Rojas-Quintero Joselyn
Published: July 2020

Aging is a time-dependent inevitable process, in which cellular homeostasis is affected, which has an
impact on tissue function. This represents a risk factor for the development of numerous non-transmissible diseases.
In consequence, the scientific community continues to search for therapeutic measures capable of improving
quality of life and delaying cellular aging. At the center of this research is metformin, a widely used drug in
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus treatment that has a reduced adverse effects profile. Furthermore, there is evidence that
this drug has beneficial health effects that go beyond its anti-hyperglycemic properties. Among these effects, its
geronto-protection capability stands out. There is growing evidence that points out to an increased life expectancy
as well as the quality of life in model organisms treated with metformin. Therefore, there is an abundance of
research centered on elucidating the mechanism through which metformin has its anti-aging effects. Among
these, the AMPK, mTORC1, SIRT1, FOXO, NF.kB, and DICER1 pathways can be mentioned. Furthermore,
studies have highlighted the possibility of a role for the gut microbiome in these processes. The next step is the
design of clinical essays that have as a goal evaluating the efficacy and safety of metformin as an anti-aging drug
in humans to create a paradigm in the medical horizon. The question being if metformin is, in fact, the new antiaging
therapy in humans?
Inhibition of Interleukin-1 in the Treatment of Selected Cardiovascular Complications
Authors: Heydari Fatemeh Sadat , Zare Simin , Roohbakhsh Ali
Published: July 2020

Background:

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is produced by
endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. It is an important regulator of a complex
humoral and cellular inflammatory response. IL-1β is known to be implicated in the development of
chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to review the effects of IL-1β
antagonists in various cardiovascular disorders and to discuss their effectiveness in such diseases.

Methods:

Major biomedical databases, including PubMed and Scopus, were searched for clinical
studies regarding the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) using IL-1β antagonists.
Results: The drugs currently used in clinical trials are anakinra, the monoclonal antibodies canakinumab
and gevokizumab, and the soluble decoy receptor rilonacept. There are clinical trials and
case reports of patients with CVD in which anakinra administration, at the standard dose, has
caused rapid clinical improvement and recovery in a few months. Our comprehensive search revealed
that IL-1β antagonists have beneficial effects in the treatment of various cardiovascular
disorders such as myocarditis, pericarditis, heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial
infarction, atherosclerosis, and Kawasaki disease.

Conclusion:

The present review article shows that IL-1β has a major role in the pathophysiology
of cardiovascular disorders, its antagonists have beneficial effects in these conditions, and their
use should be considered in future studies.
AFM Research in Catalysis and Medicine
Authors: Matienko Ludmila , Mickhailovna Mil Elena , Ivanovich Binyukov Vladimir , Nikolaevich Goloshchapov Alexandr
Published: July 2020

Background:

In this study, we show that the AFM method not only allows monitoring the
morphological changes in biological structures fixed on the surface due to H-bonds, but also makes it
possible to study the self-organization of metal complexes by simulating the active center of enzymes
due to intermolecular H-bonds into stable nanostructures; the sizes of which are much smaller than the
studied biological objects. The possible role of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the formation of stable
supramolecular metal complexes, which are effective catalysts for the oxidation of alkyl arenes to
hydroperoxides by molecular oxygen and mimic the selective active sites of enzymes, was first studied
by AFM.

Methods and Results:

The formation of supramolecular structures due to intermolecular hydrogen
bonds and, possibly, other non-covalent interactions, based on homogenous catalysts and models of
active centers enzymes, heteroligand nickel and iron complexes, was proven by AFM-technique. AFM
studies of supramolecular structures were carried out using NSG30 cantilever with a radius of curvature
of 2 nm, in the tapping mode. To form nanostructures on the surface of a hydrophobic, chemically
modified silicon surface as a substrate, the sample was prepared using a spin-coating process from solutions
of the nickel and iron complexes. The composition and the structure of the complex
Ni2(acac)(OAc)3·NMP·2H2O were determined in earlier works using various methods: mass spectrometry,
UV- and IR-spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and polarography. Self-assembly of supramolecular
structures is due to intermolecular interactions with a certain coordination of these interactions, which
may be a consequence of the properties of the components themselves, the participation of hydrogen
bonds and other non-covalent interactions, as well as the balance of the interaction of these components
with the surface. Using AFM, approaches have been developed for fixing on the surface and quantifying
parameters of cells.

Conclusion:

This study summarizes the authors' achievements in using the atomic force microscopy
(AFM) method to study the role of intermolecular hydrogen bonds (and other non-covalent interactions)
and supramolecular structures in the mechanisms of catalysis. The data obtained from AFM
based on nickel and iron complexes, which are effective catalysts and models of active sites of enzymes,
indicate a high probability of the formation of supramolecular structures in real conditions of
catalytic oxidation, and can bring us closer to understanding enzymes activity. With a sensitive AFM
method, it is possible to observe the self-organization of model systems into stable nanostructures due
to H-bonds and possibly other non-covalent interactions, which can be considered as a step towards
modeling the active sites of enzymes. Methodical approaches of atomic force microscopy for the study
of morphological changes of cells have been developed.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: Sylla Bernhard , Mendes João Ribeiro
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION
POLITICAL INCLUSION AS A MEANS OF GENERATING JUSTICE FOR CHILDREN
Authors: Munn Nicholas
Published: July 2020

In this article it is argued that the position of children can be improved by ensuring them political representation, through inclusion in democratic processes. Embedding children as equal participants in democratic processes is likely to diminish the structural disadvantages to which they are currently subjected within modern democracies. Political and social institutions will have greater incentives to act proactively to support children, and children will have the same ability as other citizens to express their approval or disapproval of public actions undertaken on their behalf. In a global environment still characterised primarily by independent nation states, democracies provide the most fertile ground for the generation of just institutions. Those institutions work best, for the most active participants in the democracy. Children are, in all states, expressly excluded from active political participation, and as such their voices, desires, needs and rights are marginalised. Political inclusion for children is a first step to address this marginalisation.
Caracterización de la escorrentía superficial de la microcuenca El Estero, San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica
Authors: Quesada Marvin , Zeledón Kenneth Jiménez
Published: July 2020

Se ilustra la magnitud del patrón espacial y temporal de acumulación y dirección de la escorrentía en la microcuenca de la quebrada El Estero, en San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Esta microcuenca presenta un 30% de uso rural, con pastos, café, charrales y viviendas aisladas. En contraste existe un 70% de uso urbano, caracterizado por viviendas, comercios, fábricas y otros servicios. Cuando llueve, las aguas escurren por el pavimento en las calles, aceras y la alta presencia de techos, hacia los caños, alcantarillas, carreteras y por ende hasta el cauce principal de la quebrada. Por medio de información climática, cartografía y análisis hidrológicos es calculado el escurrimiento de la microcuenca El Estero.
Brexit and its impact on the UK Higher Education sector and the rights of scholars and students
Authors: Gromek Broc Katarzyna
Published: July 2020

This article reflects upon Brexit and its implications for Higher Education in the UK. First, it discusses how the EU Membership has influenced and shaped the development of the UK Academia, impacting on the content of academic curricula, research opportunities and staff and students mobility. The EU Membership has contributed to its internationalisation that might also suffer in the post Brexit scenario. Secondly, some economic aspects of Brexit in Higher Education are also examined, looking at corollary of research achievements and funding of the UK Universities, or its impact on financial planning heavily relying on the number of students’ intake. More importantly, this paper argues that the biggest loss for the UK Higher Education Sector would definitively be Research, Academic Collaboration and EU Funding but also staff recruitment and students mobility. In particular that the future of Research and Mobility Programmes such as Horizon Europe and Erasmus + is very uncertain. This article also looks at the post referendum hostile environment for the EU academics and students that has affected negatively the numbers of students, EU staff and academic collaboration. Finally, it also discusses some limited gains that the UK Universities could draw from Brexit. Lastly, it concludes with some optimistic notes, that the UK Universities seized perfectly the opportunities arising for the EU Membership and will use this experience to continue to grow in a more global context.
A short guide to the legislative procedure in the European Union
Authors: Cabral Tiago Sérgio
Published: July 2020

This paper aims to clarify how the legislative procedure works in the European Union (hereinafter, EU), both in the Treaties and in practice. We will study the rules governing the ordinary legislative procedure and the special consent and consultation procedures. Advantages and shortcomings of each of the procedures will also be addressed, including the main actors and the level of transparency and accountability. Within the ordinary legislative procedure, we will assess whether the informal trilogues should be reformed to be more accessible to the European citizen. Lastly, our paper will also address the use of passerelle clauses and citizen’s and how they can affect the lawmaking procedure in the EU
Students' research ethics competences and the university as a learning environment
Authors: Rissanen Minka , Löfström Erika
Published: July 2020

The study focuses on the ethical sensitivity of university students in light of their research ethics skills and the university as a learning environment. Eighty-seven students in the behavioural sciences (psychology and educational science) responded to a questionnaire that included three vignettes and measures of empathy, socialisation, and experiences of ethical aspects of the learning climate. The vignettes were designed to measure sensitivity to ethical issues in research. The relationship between socialisation into the practices of the profession and the institution and the ability to recognise ethical issues in research suggests that students who have already 'worked out' the norms and values for themselves have committed to these ethics and are willing to apply them in practice.
Cheating among college and university students: A North American perspective
Authors: McCabe Donald L
Published: July 2020

Academic integrity is an issue of critical importance to academic institutions and has been gaining increasing interest among scholars in the last few decades. This article discusses data obtained over the last three years from over 80,000 students and 12,000 faculty in the United States and Canada.

While documenting that cheating on tests and exams and plagiarism are significant issues on our college and university campuses, it also offers some thoughts on possible strategies to encourage greater levels of academic integrity among students.
The role of integrity in higher education
Authors: Chapfika Blessing
Published: July 2020

This paper argues that virtue ethics, as prominently expressed in the philosophy of Aristotle, has a crucial role in education in general and higher education in particular. Virtue ethics, which initially emerged as a rival account to deontology and consequentialism, developed from dissatisfaction with the notions of duty and obligation and their central roles in understanding morality. It also grew out of an objection to the use of rigid moral rules and principles and their application to diverse and different moral situations. Virtue ethics is character-based. The article specifically focuses on the centrality of the virtue of integrity among teachers nd students in higher education. It therefore proposes shifting our attention from the ethical principles, rules, duties or obligations to virtues and character in promoting ethical behaviour.
Proliferating illiteracy in the universities: A Nigerian perspective
Authors: Nwaopara Anthony , Ifebhor Anthony , Ohiwerei Frank
Published: July 2020

The Nigerian educational system is in crisis. This paper aims to describe that crisis and demonstrate how this situation is contributing to a downward spiral in academic standards, and in particular its effect on decreasing literacy among Nigerian students. While recognising that the educational system is part of a much broader societal predicament, this paper nevertheless makes a number of recommendations for improvements to the Nigerian educational system, including a call for increased government funding of the education system, the need for constructive solutions to end cultism, and a multifaceted approach to entrenched social problems.
Does culture influence understanding and perceived seriousness of plagiarism?
Authors: Maxwell Amanda , Curtis Guy J , Vardanega Lucia
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses the perceived seriousness and understanding of plagiarism by local and Asian international students in Australia, presenting new data from a study conducted at two Australian universities. In our study no differences were found between local and Asian students in ratings of perceived seriousness or understanding of plagiarism. However, significant negative relationships were found between both seriousness and understanding, and self-reported plagiarism rates. This suggested that as perceived seriousness and understanding decreased, rates of plagiarism increased. The importance of such findings in re-examining some commonly-held assumptions about cultural differences is discussed. It is suggested that most students demonstrate some difficulty understanding what constitutes plagiarism, highlighting the need for interventions that address knowledge of plagiarism and referencing skills.
Decline in academe
Authors: Sawyer Kim R , Johnson Jackie , Holub Mark
Published: July 2020

When universities became corporate universities, the constraints that defined universities changed. The values of the old university, of scholarship, truth and freedom, were replaced by the values of the market. Education became a product, the university a firm, and the university system an industry. This paper considers the decline in academe as universities converge towards for-profit corporate universities. The paper explores why universities have become corporations, how they have become corporations, and how academics survive within those corporations. In the corporate university, the academic becomes accountable to management and to

students. Collegiality is sacrificed for managerialism, and freedom for accountability. The academic role is inverted. The academic becomes the academic of the production line, producing standardised teaching and research. The paper suggests that the corporate university risks sacrificing too much scholarship and too much

freedom for the principles of the market, thereby diluting the integrity of the university.

"On his way to the Ministry, the Minister learns that there is a new hospital in Northern London that is staffed with 500 administrators and ancillary workers, but has no doctors, nurses or patients. The Minister is aghast."

From The Compassionate Society. Yes Minister, BBC (1981).
YouTube: An international platform for sharing methods of cheating
Authors: Seitz Christopher M , Orsini Muhsin M , Gringle Meredith R
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the video sharing website www.youtube.com for the presence of instructional videos that teach students how to cheat on academic work. Videos were analysed to determine the methods of cheating, the popularity of the videos, the demographics of viewers and those uploading the videos, and the opinions of viewers after watching these types of videos. A total of 43 videos were included in this study. Those featured in the videos taught viewers how to cheat on exams, homework, and written assignments using modern and traditional technologies. The far majority of those featured in the videos, and their viewers, were males within the age range of those who attend middle school, high school, and college. Videos were watched by people from several different nations, including the United States (US), Canada, Australia, India, and the United Kingdom (UK). The study's results suggest that instructional cheating videos are popular among students around the world. Positive viewer feedback indicates that the videos have educated and motivated students to put the methods of cheating found in the videos to use. Educators should consider YouTube as a resource in order to become familiar with various methods of cheating.
Creating the ethical academy: A systems approach to understanding misconduct and empowering change in higher education
Authors: Bretag Tracey
Published: July 2020

Tricia Bertram Gallant is a prolific writer and passionate advocate for the importance of academic integrity in higher education. In addition to her numerous journal articles, conference and seminar papers, readers will be familiar with her previous books including: Academic integrity in the twenty-first century (ASHE, 2008) and Cheating in schools: What we know and what we can do (with Stephen Davis and Patrick Drinan, Wiley 2009). For a review of the latter, please see IJEI Volume 5(1), 2009.

Download PDF to view full review
Academic integrity on college campuses
Authors: Williams Steve , Tanner Margaret , Beard Jim , Hale Georgia
Published: July 2020

A survey of 46 faculty members and 562 undergraduates at a medium-sized Midwestern regional university in May 2011 found that 74% of faculty members believed academic misconduct had recently occurred in their classes; 18% of faculty members have ignored suspected incidents of cheating; and of those faculty members suspecting cheating within their classes, only 18% have reported it to others on campus. Undergraduate students believed all forms of academic misconduct were significantly less serious than faculty members. For undergraduates, 67% admit to academic misconduct in the past year, a percentage that parallels McCabe's (2005) finding that an average of 70% of US undergraduate students admitted to recent academic misconduct. Over 28% of undergraduates admit to having engaged in more serious forms of clearly intentional academic misconduct such as cheating during the past year, and students who have engaged in any academic misconduct are more likely to have engaged in several types of academic misconduct. Those students who admit to having cheated view cheating as being significantly less serious than those who have not cheated. Recommendations for addressing academic integrity issues on campus are offered.
Citations in search of a purpose: Source use and authorial voice in L2 student writing
Authors: McCulloch Sharon
Published: July 2020

Although much of the research into source use by international students has tended to focus on issues of plagiarism, there has recently been recognition that their difficulties in this respect may be more pedagogical than moral. However, much remains to be known about the nature of such students? source use. In order to throw light on the ways in which novice L2 writers use source material in their writing and to understand what difficulties they experience, this paper reports on a small case study involving a group of Japanese postgraduate students. Analysis of five Pre-Master?s dissertations written by these students, as well as interviews conducted with the writers, revealed that they varied in their ability to handle source material effectively. In many cases, their use of source material appeared to be symptomatic of weak authorial stance and apparent lack of a clear argument. Based on these findings, the study concludes with the recommendation that instruction on the use of source material focus to a greater extent on its rhetorical function in constructing knowledge.
"Opening Doors Early to Academic Integrity" – aiding the transition to and managing expectations of academic practice at University
Authors: Jurowska Judith , Thompson John
Published: July 2020

The Geography Department at Durham University has long recognized that Freshers/newly arrived undergraduate students are suddenly asked to juggle a whole new skills set on arrival at University, often without the level of assistance they have previously experienced at school. As Smith states:

The first year is widely acknowledged as a critical period in determining a students? success at University. However, the period immediately prior to commencing University is also critical. (Smith, 2010, p. 1)

This pilot project was designed to help new undergraduate students understand the differences between studying at school and reading for a degree (this British-English term is useful in this context as it refers to a requirement for students to read widely and engage critically with their "major" discipline) and to becoming active participants in a community of practice while at university. Collaboration between the Geography Department, English Language Centre, Learning Technologies and University Library developed a set of discipline specific study skills exercises, based around the concept of Academic Integrity.

The study skills packages were launched within the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) on September 1, 2011 with an expectation that students would have completed the tasks by mid-October. Answers were collected using the test canvas and students received comprehensive online feedback after they submitted their responses. Postgraduate tutors and module convenors monitoring answers were able to identify areas of concern in terms of student comprehension, powers of analysis and identifying which students had not engaged with the tasks.

Using data from focus groups with tutors, student surveys and comparison of essay writing performance over past years, we were able to show that cases of recorded plagiarism had fallen to zero saving staff time on plagiarism panels, whilst there was a marked improvement of marks from 2:2 to 2:1 grades.
Try it on: Voice, concordancing and text-matching in doctoral writing
Authors: Guerin Cally , Picard Michelle
Published: July 2020

Appropriate use and acknowledgement of sources continues to be a central concern of academic integrity. A major challenge for research students in using sources is the development of a confident authorial voice that matches disciplinary expectations in language use, yet manages to do so without plagiarising through inappropriate text- matching or recycling of language. This is a daunting challenge for all research writers, particularly for English as an Additional Language (EAL) researchers who are still grappling with English grammar and syntax. In order to develop novice research writers' understanding of acceptable use of sources and mastery of disciplinary language, we have developed a process called "Try it on" that uses concordancing software alongside text-matching software (Turnitin). Here we present textual analyses of two cases using this process: in one, the student's percentage of matches decreased as he developed his authorial voice; in the second, the percentage of matches increased as the student's language choices came to reflect more closely the expected usage in the discipline, thus replicating the expected authorial voice for that particular audience. These cases demonstrate how "Try it on" can be used to help students write in an appropriate authorial voice while also avoiding plagiarism.
State-of-the-art in detecting academic plagiarism
Authors: Meuschke Norman , Gipp Bela
Published: July 2020

The problem of academic plagiarism has been present for centuries. Yet, the widespread dissemination of information technology, including the internet, made plagiarising much easier. Consequently, methods and systems aiding in the detection of plagiarism have attracted much research within the last two decades. Researchers proposed a variety of solutions, which we will review comprehensively in this article. Available detection systems use sophisticated and highly efficient character-based text comparisons, which can reliably identify verbatim and moderately disguised copies. Automatically detecting more strongly disguised plagiarism, such as paraphrases, translations or idea plagiarism, is the focus of current research. Proposed approaches for this task include intrinsic, cross-lingual and citation-based plagiarism detection. Each method offers unique strengths and weaknesses; however, none is currently mature enough for practical use. In the future, plagiarism detection systems may benefit from combining traditional character-based detection methods with these emerging detection approaches.
"I can't say it any better": Critical reading as a threshold concept in helping postgraduate Arab students become critical and original writers
Authors: Iyer-O'Sullivan Radhika
Published: July 2020

Many studies on plagiarism issues across the globe have arrived at the consensus that in dealing with plagiarism, universities need to do more than provide students with policies and procedures. Education, via academic support classes, has been touted as the way forward in teaching students to develop academic writing skills and avoid plagiarism. Teaching postgraduate students to produce academic writing that is analytical while retaining their individual expression has been a challenge at the British University in Dubai (BUiD). Most of the students at the university come from mainly Arab educational backgrounds. This could mean that their education may not have been in English but more importantly, that they may also have been entrenched in different learning and teaching styles. Previously encouraged to rely on restating exactly what they have read may contribute to students' inability to express critical thought through their writing. Based on analysis of students' critical writing through faculty feedback, samples of student writing and Turnitin reports, this paper seeks to demonstrate that teaching critical reading skills as a threshold concept that translates into critical thinking skills will help students adopt a different approach to reading, which will subsequently help develop critical writing skills. This paper will show how pedagogy was developed to enable students to read critically and produce coherent and thoughtful critical writing while retaining academic integrity.
Anti-plagiarism strategies: How to manage it with quality in large-scale thesis productions
Authors: Larsson Ken , Hansson Henrik
Published: July 2020

More than 400 students write their bachelor's or master's theses each year at the Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University. In order to support self-driven student thesis work and to reduce the burden on supervisors for feedback on basic skills, an IT support system called SciPro was developed. An important consideration in developing this system was to take actions to reduce plagiarism. Both prevention and detection were accomplished with the following: 1) prevention by policy guidelines, FAQ, face-to-face information, peer-reviews and transparency in the process of recurrent online thesis manuscript hand-ins; and 2) detection by automatic originality check of the final manuscript enabled by integration between SciPro and Turnitin. Explicit rules and regulations as well as frequent education about anti-plagiarism targeting both students and supervisors were also important parts of the prevention strategy. Current results include: 1) substantial improvements in policy development; 2) successful integration of anti-plagiarism software; and 3) recurrent educational activities for students and supervisors have raised the awareness of plagiarism issues at the department. Future development includes three new technical approaches in order to manage sophisticated antiplagiarism controls efficiently, with a quality standard not possible by other means, in large-scale thesis production: 1) automated and integrated (SciPro/Turnitin) recurrent anti-plagiarism controls of submitted thesis manuscripts at various stages in the thesis text production process; 2) automated anti-plagiarism controls of thesis texts submitted in SciPro by comparing consistency in style of writing between different versions of thesis manuscripts handed in by the same student during the process of producing the thesis text; and 3) an automated check of thesis manuscripts submitted to SciPro for identification of images/figures/illustrations/graphs copied from the Internet through integration of an image pattern recognition programme. These measures taken together will significantly increase thesis quality by verifying authenticity to a very high degree and systematising the anti-plagiarism procedures. They will also substantially reduce tedious, boring and immensely time consuming manual work for administrators and supervisors who need to guarantee that theses do not contain plagiarised texts or illustrations.
The Uncanny Aura of the Femme Fatale’s Icon in Byron’s DonJuan
Authors: Karam Savo
Published: July 2020

The femme fatale trope, the incarnation of the artistic ideal of the writer’s creative imagination, is one of the most captivating female facades to haunt the Western literary tradition. Defined by her liminality, the femme fatale embraces an uncanny appearance that is terrifying but concurrently enthralling. Such oxymoronic combination defines her threatening and sublime representation which echoes Freud’s phenomenon of the uncanny that Lord Byron incarnates through his portrayal of the fatal woman motif. As a dark Romantic poet, Byron perceived beauty in the bizarre, unrestrained attitude of the fatal woman’s figure which shakes the rigid moral dimension of Victorian literature. What is intriguing about Byron’s depiction of his fatal woman is the supernatural, eerie power of her erotic appeal which she adroitly deploys to consume and haunt her victim’s imagination. Many researches tackled Byron’s contribution to the Gothic lore such as the initiation of the male vampire theme; other areas that were of interest to scholars depicted Byron’s homme fatal (the Byron seducer) trope. However, little critical attention pertaining to Byron’s femme fatale motif has been paid, and since his delineation of the femme fatale remains ambivalent and incomplete, this untouched area deserves substantial attention. Although Byron did not initiate the fatal woman figure, it is feasible to study how he conceives this archetype and the extent to which he incorporates Freud’s theory of the uncanny in his Gothic portrayal of two fatal females, Adeline and Catherine, in Don Juan.
Acute Renal Injury: Revisited
Authors: El-Reshaid Kamel , Al-Bader Shaikha
Published: July 2020

Acute kidney injury (AKI) indicates its abrupt deterioration and is defined as an increase in serum creatinine more than the baseline by > 26 umol/L within 48 hours or > 50% within 1 week.  The latter since glomerular failure is the life-threatening one with: (a) uremic intoxication, (b) water and salt retention with fluid overload, and (c) potassium accumulation with cardiac arrest.  The etiology can be pre-renal, post-renal or intrinsic.  Diagnosis is established by history of new insults, physical examination for hydration status, systemic stability and manifestations of autoimmune diseases/infections as well as an initial laboratory testing for renal function (serum creatinine, electrolytes and urine routine) and kidney ultrasound.  Additional specific tests are indicated to assess etiology of AKI and its associated co-morbid conditions that interacts with its management.  Severity of AKI ranges from mild (stage 1) to advanced (stage 5) that requires dialytic support.  Moreover, it depends on the type and duration of the insult.  Prognosis depends on etiology of AKI, its co-morbid conditions and the timely interventions by the supportive medical team. 

Keywords: acute, causes, epidemiology, injury, kidney, management.
Polyphenols contents and antioxidant Activity of extracts from Leaves and flowers of Thymelaea hirsuta
Authors: Merghem Mounira , Dahamna Saliha , Khennouf Seddik
Published: July 2020

Thymelaea hirsuta  is a medicinal plant, belonging to the genus Thymelaea (Thymelaeaceae) widely used in Mediterranean countries especially in Algeria. In this study, we have evaluated the total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Leaves and flowers of Thymelaea hirsuta as well as its antioxidant activity using the DPPH (2'2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) and β-carotene /linoleic acid bleaching assays. The yield of the methanolic and aqueous extract was 11, 55% and 13, 25% respectively. The total polyphenols content of the methanolic extract was 295, 22 µg GAE/ mg extract and flavonoids was 09, 40 µg QE/mg and 26, 42 µg RE/ mg extract. The total polyphenols content of the aqueous extract was 57, 95 µg GAE/ mg extract and flavonoids was 4.59 µg QE/ mg and 10.66 µg RE/ mg extract. In the DPPH assay, methanolic extract showed the higher scavenging capacity (IC50 = 0.03 ± 0.004 mg/ml), followed by aqueous extract with IC50 of 0.275 ± 0.019 mg/ml. In the test of β-carotene /linoleic acid, the percentage of inhibition was 39.1±1.33% for the aqueous extract and 41.05±2.72% for methanolic extract.

Keywords: Thymelaea hirsuta, antioxidant activity, polyphenols, DPPH scavenging, β-carotene.
Development of Transdermal Patches for the Delivery of Chlorpheniramine in Infants using Hypromellose and Cassava Starch Composite Polymers
Authors: Agubata Chukwuma O. , Nta Blessing B. , Onunkwo Godswill C. , Joshua Parker E. , Ofoefule Sabinus I. , Onoja Remigius I.
Published: July 2020

Background: Chlorpheniramine is an antihistamine that is used in the treatment of rhinitis and other allergies. Objectives: The objectives of this research was to develop and evaluate transdermal patches for improved delivery of chlorpheniramine in infants using hypromellose and cassava starch composite polymers. Methods: Chlorpheniramine transdermal patches were formulated by solvent casting method using varying amounts of hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), cassava starch and polyethylene glycol 4000. The formulated transdermal patches were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), folding endurance, elongation breaking test, percentage moisture uptake/loss and ex vivo permeation studies. Results: The spectra showed no chemical interaction between the ingredients. The transdermal patches showed elastic qualities and high folding endurance. Patches with consistently high moisture uptake (around 40%) were observed to contain high concentration of cassava starch while those with higher amounts of HPMC lost more water (around 35%). The ex vivo study showed efficient permeation and flux for the target purpose. Conclusion: Transdermal patches may be used to deliver low dose chlorpheniramine drug through the skin possibly soft and thin infant skin.

Keywords: Transdermal; permeation; flux; allergy; chlorpheniramine
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenols Content of the Hydro-methanolic Extract from Saccocalyx satureioides Coss and Dur
Authors: MEHLOUS Soulaf , BENCHIKH Fatima , BENABDALLAH Hassiba , LOUCIF Karima , KAOUDOUNE Chahrazed , LAOUER Hocine , AMIRA Smain
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to estimate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the Hydro-methanolic from Saccocalyx satureioides Coss and Dur aerial part. Total polyphenols contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent. The flavonoids were estimated using the method of Aluminum chloride (AlCl3). The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using two in vitro models (the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power). Total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extract were 171.34 ±1.43 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g of dry extract (GAE/g) and 18.6 ± 0.46 mg Quercetin equivalent / g of dry extract (QE/g), respectively. The methanol extract has an important capacity to scavenge the free radical DPPH with an IC50 of 0.03 ± 0. 0024 mg/ml. In addition, the plant extract exhibited high reducing power with an IC50 of 0.54 ± 0.00625 mg/ml. The results of the present study may prove that the medicinal plants are a good resource of natural antioxidants.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Saccocalyx satureioides, polyphenols, flavonoids.
MEMBACA TAFSIR HERMENEUTIKA OTORITAS KHALED ABOU EL FADL
Authors: - Muslim Zainuddin
Published: July 2020

Tulisan ini bertujuan menjelaskan pemikiran Khaled tentang otoritas. Munculnya sikap sikap otoriter dalam memahami teks-teks keagamaan akibat dari kewenangan yang dimiliki seseorang dalam menempatkan makna tunggal dari sebuah teks. Sikap ini disebabkan mandegnya hubungan dialogis antara teks, pengarang dan pembaca dalam khazanah pemikiran keislaman. Khaled menawarkan upaya mengkaji kembali kompetensi sebuah teks, penetapan makna teks dan sikap pembaca teks dalam mengungkapkan makna yang ada di balik teks sehingga seseuai dengan maksud pengarang teks. Di samping itu ia juga menawarkan lima persyaratan yang harus ada bagi pembaca teks, kejujuran, kesungguhan, rasional, menyeluruh dan pengendalian diri.kata kunci: Tafsir, hermeneutika, Khalid Abou el Fadl.
Membuat Gambar Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam (Studi Perbandingan antara Yusuf Qarᾱḍawi dan Muhammad Ali Al-Ṣabuni)
Authors: M Jakfar Tarmizi
Published: July 2020

Dalam Istilah kajian keIslaman, gambar disebut dengan ṣurah, dan membuat gambar dinamakan taṣwir. Para Ulama berbeda pendapat tentang hukum gambar, baik itu membuatnya atau memilikinya. Yusuf Qarᾱḍawi berpendapat bahwa yang haram adalah taṣwir yangmemiliki bentuk fisik dan ada bayangan. Adapun taṣwir yang di lukis di kertas, dinding dan sebagainya yang mana taṣwir tersebut tidak memiliki bayangan dan fisik adalah boleh. Sedangkan menurut Muhammad Ali al-Ṣabuni taṣwir yang diharamkan adalah yang dilukis dengan tangan yang merupakan tiruan makhluk bernyawa dan juga taṣwir yang berwujud fisik dan memiliki bayangan yaitu patung. Menurut Yusuf Qarᾱḍawi kebolehan dan keharaman gambar itu tergantung kepada objek yang digambar serta ada atau tidaknya illat larangan yang terdapat dalam hadis pada gambar tersebut. Al-Qarᾱḍawi  juga mengatakan bahwa foto adalah boleh jika objeknya adalah halal, dan ia bukan gambar yang termasuk dalam hadis Nabi Saw. Sedangkan Muhammad Ali al-Ṣabuni mengharamkan gambar makhluk bernyawa yang utuh namun membolehkan gambar makhuk tidak bernyawa dan makhluk bernyawa yang tidak utuh. Al-Ṣabuni juga mengkategorikan gambar fotografi ke dalam gambar yang dilarang dalam hadis Nabi, hal ini didasari keumuman hadis Nabi tentang gambar dan azab kepada pembuat gambar. Dengan demikian, pada dasarnya hadis-hadis seputar taṣwir memiliki illat hukum, namun disamping itu ada hal lain yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam membuat gambar maupun foto. Bila gambar maupun foto itu menyalahi syariat, maka haruslah dilarang untuk membuatnya.Kata Kunci:Gambar dan Hukum Islam
RUMAH AMAN BAGI KORBAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP PEREMPUAN DI ACEH (Studi Kasus P2TP2A Provinsi Aceh)
Authors: Abdullah Muslem
Published: July 2020

Home Safe is a temporary residence that is used to provide protection against victims in accordance with the prescribed standards. Safe house strongly is needed immediately to be built in accordance with the provisions of the law because the victim can tell and feel safe in the safe house. Integrated service center women and Children Empowerment have the task and function to prevent and handle domestic violence that the victims suffer. The problem formulation in this research is that it has not fulfilled the protection of domestic Violence as it has not been formed a safe house in Aceh province. In the discussion of researchers use the type of normative administrative research that is library Research (library) and field research (field) and use qualitative method of data derived from interviews, report notes, documents and others. Based on the research can be obtained the following results: the form of domestic violence that is the cause is economic factors in the family, factors of infidelity, drug factors, the innate factors of the perpetration itself, and Relationship between a married couple who is not balanced. While the P2TP2A effort in reducing domestic violence is to do socialization to Gampong-Gampong to the public about the laws of PKDRT law so that people know about the realm of law that occurs over violence Women. It can be concluded that domestic violence has decreased with the socialization and other performance of the P2TP2A institutions and is advised to immediately build safe houses for victims of domestic violence.Key words: Safe House, Domestic Violence Victims, Aceh
DEVASSANDO SILÊNCIOS DA POÉTICA DE ORIDES FONTELA
Authors: Serafim Lucas De Sousa
Published: July 2020

Este artigo pretende observar a produção literária da poeta brasileira Orides Fontela, buscando sinais da maneira pela qual a artista concretiza os silêncios em sua escritura. O silêncio não é observado como uma força diversa ao som, como se uma eliminasse a outra, mas como forças paralelas e de igual valor. Ou seja, complementares. Desse modo, é possível salientar como os espaços vazios, os silêncios, as opções da poeta em suprimir a verborragia também são um instrumento eficaz de expressão.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: ORIDES FONTELA; SILÊNCIO E SOM; CRISE NA/DA LINGUAGEM.
PAULO LEMINSKI CANCIONISTA E O POEMA-CANÇÃO VERDURA
Authors: Pereira Lívia Mendes
Published: July 2020

Ao realçar o papel da canção na literatura brasileira contemporânea, situando-a entre a música e a literatura, entre o som e a palavra, nossa leitura focará nas músicas compostas por Paulo Leminski, em particular na trajetória do poema-canção Verdura. Levamos em consideração o próprio ideal do poeta, ou seja, o desejo em utilizar a canção como forma de restituir à poesia escrita seu veículo originário: a voz. Nesse sentido, cria-se a possibilidade da retomada da tradição oral em sua origem para refleti-la no poema-canção na atualidade. A proposta, portanto, é perceber como Leminski conseguiu transmitir a característica da tradição oral à poesia escrita, com as canções que produziu entre as décadas de 1970 e 1980.  Interessa-nos avaliar como esse trabalho é recebido contemporaneamente no Brasil com o resgate da obra do poeta, especialmente na publicação de seu Song Book, em 2015.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Paulo Leminski; poema-canção; Verdura
FAVORITE GAME OU A POESIA NÃO CABE MAIS DENTRO DA VULVA DO POEMA
Authors: Mattos Marina Baltazar , Coelho Rogério Meira
Published: July 2020

O presente ensaio busca pensar as novas configurações que a palavra poética tem encontrado para se espalhar, expandindo-se para além dos lugares e formas tradicionalmente resguardados para ela. Para isso, parte-se de abordagens e perspectivas teóricas, como Literatura expandida (PATO, 2012), arte e escritura expandidas (SANTOS; REZENDE, 2011) e “literatura fora de si” (GARRAMUÑO, 2014, p.43), em uma tentativa de elaborar fenômenos como a incorporação da palavra por artistas plásticos e o Slam, que vêm atravessando nosso contemporâneo. Especificamente a obra Favorite Game (1990), do artista plástico José Leonilson, e Lírica de uma favelada (2018), da slammer Nívea Sabino, servirão como mote para se analisar como a palavra desborda as fronteiras do livro e se faz presente em obras plásticas, que também podem ser lidas como inscrições poéticas, e na rua, espaço para livre criação poética.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Literatura expandida; José Leonilson; Slam; Nívea Sabino.
Sampul Jurnal Gravitasi
Authors: Gravitasi Jurnal
Published: July 2020

Daftar Isi
Pemodelan Sebaran Sedimen dan Analisis Kualitas Air di Muara Sungai Alindau Kabupaten Donggala
Authors: Marwah  , Mudin Yutdam , Sesa Elisa
Published: July 2020

Penelitian mengenai pemodelan sebaran sedimen dan analisis kualitas air telah dilakukan dengan obyek muara Sungai Alindau Kabupaten Donggala. Penelitian ini bertujuan memodelkan sebaran distribusi konsentrasi sedimen dan menganalisis kualitas air di muara Sungai Alindau yang dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas penambang pasir. Pemodelan ini menggunakan model numerik 2D dengan memanfaatkan data debit aliran sungai, data sedimen, data batimetri, dan gelombang pasang surut sebagai data inputnya. Luaran model menghasilkan pola arus serta pola sebaran sedimen di muara Sungai Alindau. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pola arus di perairan Sungai Alindau memiliki kecepatan arus maksimum terjadi pada saat kondisi pasang menuju surut purnama sebesar 0,023 m/s dan kecepatan arus minimum terjadi pada kondisi pasang purnama sebesar 0,018 m/s. Secara keseluruhan sebaran sedimen melayang selama 29 hari di sekitar muara Sungai Alindau dominan ke arah barat laut dengan besar konsentrasi sedimen mencapai 306 gr/m3. Hasil penentuan kualitas air di muara Sungai Alindau dengan melihat parameter BOD, COD, dan DO diperoleh bahwa BOD memiliki nilai 0 berada pada kategori kelas A (baik sekali) dengan status memenuhi Baku Mutu Lingkungan (BML), untuk hasil analisis COD memiliki nilai -12 masuk dalam kategori kelas C (Sedang) dengan status cemar sedang, sedangkan untuk parameter DO memiliki nilai -2 masuk ke dalam kategori kelas B (Baik) dengan status cemar ringan. Hasil simulasi modul SED2D untuk arah sebaran BOD dan COD adalah dominan ke arah barat laut.

 

Kata kunci : Kualitas air, Pola arus, Sebaran konsentrasi sedimen.
Editorial: Trends in corporate governance – vision and future expectations
Authors: Vaz Ferreira José
Published: July 2020

Nowadays, corporate governance is a classic subject of discussion for policymakers and academic researchers worldwide. The interest of this research topic may be explained for the increased demand for continuous improvement and transparency in the board of directors and contributing to the previous research by Ravaonorohanta (2020), Hassan, Karbhari, Mohamad Isa, and Ab Razak (2017), Bianchi Martini, Corvino, and Rigolini (2012), Kyereboah-Coleman and Biekpe (2006), Davidson and Rowe (2004), and Kostyuk (2003).