bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A visão mística e o gozo da mulher
Authors: Galíndez-Jorge Véronica
Published: April 2024

Este artigo pretende apresentar algumas dimensões interpretativas desenvolvidas durante a pesquisa de mestrado. O artigo não pretende resolver questões puramente teóricas, mas desenvolvê-las como dimensões da alucinação construídas para além do texto, a partir de uma leitura não-linear dos manuscritos de Flaubert.
Livros de Daniel Senise
Authors: Salles Cecília Almeida
Published: April 2024

Este artigo apresenta um estudo genético sobre as anotações do pintor brasileiro Daniel Senise. A ênfase da análise recai sobre as transformações pelas quais as imagens passam ao longo do tempo e o processo de construção verbal do projeto poético do artista.
Effect of Empagliflozin on Heart Failure Outcomes After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the EMPACT-MI Trial
Authors: Hernandez Adrian F. , Udell Jacob A. , Jones W. Schuyler , Anker Stefan D. , Petrie Mark C. , Harrington Josephine , Mattheus Michaela , Seide Svenja , Zwiener Isabella , Amir Offer , Bahit M. Cecilia , Bauersachs Johann , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Chen Yundai , Chopra Vijay K. , A. Figtree Gemma , Ge Junbo , G. Goodman Shaun , Gotcheva Nina , Goto Shinya , Gasior Tomasz , Jamal Waheed , Januzzi James L. , Jeong Myung Ho , Lopatin Yuri , Lopes Renato D. , Merkely Béla , Parikh Puja B. , Parkhomenko Alexander , Ponikowski Piotr , Rossello Xavier , Schou Morten , Simic Dragan , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Szachniewicz Joanna , van der Meer Peter , Vinereanu Dragos , Zieroth Shelley , Brueckmann Martina , Sumin Mikhail , Bhatt Deepak L. , Butler Javed
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Empagliflozin reduces the risk of heart failure (HF) events in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, chronic kidney disease, or prevalent HF irrespective of ejection fraction. Whereas the EMPACT-MI trial (Effect of Empagliflozin on Hospitalization for Heart Failure and Mortality in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction) showed that empagliflozin does not reduce the risk of the composite of hospitalization for HF and all-cause death, the effect of empagliflozin on first and recurrent HF events after myocardial infarction is unknown.

METHODS:

EMPACT-MI was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, event-driven trial that randomized 6522 patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction at risk for HF on the basis of newly developed left ventricular ejection fraction of <45% or signs or symptoms of congestion to receive empagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo within 14 days of admission. In prespecified secondary analyses, treatment groups were analyzed for HF outcomes.

RESULTS:

Over a median follow-up of 17.9 months, the risk for first HF hospitalization and total HF hospitalizations was significantly lower in the empagliflozin compared with the placebo group (118 [3.6%] versus 153 [4.7%] patients with events; hazard ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.60, 0.98];
P
=0.031, for first HF hospitalization; 148 versus 207 events; rate ratio, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.51, 0.89];
P
=0.006, for total HF hospitalizations). Subgroup analysis showed consistency of empagliflozin benefit across clinically relevant patient subgroups for first and total HF hospitalizations. The need for new use of diuretics, renin-angiotensin modulators, or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists after discharge was less in patients randomized to empagliflozin versus placebo (all
P
<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Empagliflozin reduced the risk of HF in patients with left ventricular dysfunction or congestion after acute myocardial infarction.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04509674.
“We Need a Lighthouse Philosopher”: Filipa César and Louis Henderson's Sunstone (2018) and the Portuguese Genealogy of Lens-Based Media
Authors: Collier Delinda
Published: April 2024

This article discusses Filipa César's and Louis Henderson's digital film Sunstone (2018), situating it within a history of lenses and lighthouses in Portuguese conquest. It argues that Portugal has been overlooked as playing a key role in shaping the use and conceptual function of lenses in maritime conquest. In particular, the beaming of light from lenses has been overshadowed by the function of light collection in histories written about lens-based media.
Introduction to “Cultural Offensive of the Working Classes”
Authors: Savage Polly
Published: April 2024

In April 1977, after almost two years in power, the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frelimo) announced their plans for the culture of the new nation. Pitched in military terms, and announced in the document translated for the first time here, the “Cultural Offensive of the Working Classes” drew on Marxist theory to define a revolutionary new culture, and to deploy this culture as a weapon in the ongoing struggle to build a postcolonial, postcapitalist society.
Cultural Offensive of the Working Classes
Authors: Tempo
Published: April 2024

In April 1977, after almost two years in power, the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frelimo) announced their plans for the culture of the new nation. Pitched in military terms, and announced in the document translated for the first time here, the “Cultural Offensive of the Working Classes” drew on Marxist theory to define a revolutionary new culture, and to deploy this culture as a weapon in the ongoing struggle to build a postcolonial, postcapitalist society.
Regional Imaginations of Peace: The Work of the Rio Committee and the Antecedents of the Pact of Bogota (1942–1947)
Authors: Fernandes Carvalho Fabia
Published: April 2024

This contribution re-describes the work of the Rio Committee in international law concerning dispute settlement in the Americas between 1942 and 1947. The work of the Rio Committee constitutes a crucial doctrinal and institutional experience that underpins the fundamental transformations experienced in Pan-Americanism considering the meeting of the Ninth International Conference of American States in Bogota, Colombia, in 1948, which led to the creation of the Organization of the American States. As an antecedent to the adoption of the Pact of Bogota in 1948, the doctrinal work of the Rio Committee and its draft treaties allow for a substantive interrogation of the complex relationship between regionalism and universalism in international law. More specifically, this article assesses the ways in which mechanisms of peaceful settlement of disputes in the Americas were accommodated under the universal legal framework of the United Nations, opening space for regional cooperation to continue evolving in the continent.
Relative age and sex effect in equestrian sports across the Olympic disciplines and FEI endurance at all age group competition
Authors: Wilkinson K. , Davies E. , Brackenbury G. , Ferguson A. , Bornemann D.
Published: April 2024

Relative age effect (RAE) has been established in many sports, but there is no evidence known in equestrian sports. Equestrian sports do not have a consistent or traditional model of youth development. The aim of the study was to establish whether RAE is evident in equestrian sport and to identify whether rider sex has an effect on ranking. Data were collected from FEI results pages for Endurance, Dressage, Eventing and Showjumping. Birth date and quartile was compared at U18, U21, U25 and Senior in each sport. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis were used to identify any RAE and whether there was a ranking difference between quartiles. A Mann-Whitney U test identified any ranking difference between sexes. No RAE was found in any sport or age category, however there were differences identified in sex for both ranking and participation. Males were shown to rank higher in jumping sports (senior) whereas females were ranked higher in Dressage and Endurance (all age categories). Further studies are required to evaluate the psychosocial factors and development structures in equestrian sport development can affect success. Results question whether a sex difference exists that requires further research into the sex-integration of all equestrian sport.
Chen Han-seng, the Institute of Pacific Relations, and Changing Ideas About the Chinese Rural Economy
Authors: Xiong Ying
Published: April 2024

The famous sociologist, economist, and historian Chen Han-seng was the founder of the Agrarian China Research Association, publishing influential studies on industrial production and class relations, and their effect on peasant living standards. Through the Institute of Pacific Relations (ipr), Chen engaged in a theoretical dialogue with liberal intellectuals and responded to American, British, and Soviet theories about Chinese society and rural China. Unlike American ipr scholars, such as John Lossing Buck, whose agenda was to investigate the consumer power of Chinese peasants, Chen’s study of living standards emphasized their production capability and the role usury played in it. And unlike the ipr British economists, such as R. H. Tawney, who were generally optimistic about Chinese rural industry, Chen’s research proved Chinese industrialization to be unsustainable and to lower peasant living standards. In reaction to these American and British scholars, Chen tactically changed his concept of “living standards” and developed his own theory of Chinese rural economics.
Ibn Masʿūd’s Reading in Comparison with the Seven Canonical Readings
Authors: Shahpasand Elaheh , Malekabad Hadi Zeini
Published: April 2024

ʿAbdullāh ibn Masʿūd was among the most influential companions of the prophet, and because of his great status in the knowledge of the Qurʾān, it is quite probable that he influenced some canonical readings. Since in that period emphasis became in conformity with that later named as ʿUṯmān’s Muṣḥaf, the reading of Ibn Masʿūd took two forms known as pre-ʿUṯmān and post-ʿUṯmān readings. The pre-ʿUṯmān readings may or may not match the textual skeleton (rasm), while the post-ʿUṯmān readings conform it. This is despite the fact that some of canonical readings are famous for their presentation Ibn Masoud’s reading in accordance with the rasm. This article examines this idea by a comparison between the reading of Ibn Masʿūd and the seven canonical readings in terms of 108 items together with a detailed examination of their 112 shared features. It reveals that the readings of Ḥamza and al-Kisāʾī were the most similar ones to the reading of Ibn Masʿūd with 97 and 79 items in common, respectively. A detailed examination of these items shows that Ḥamza has made his best effort to incorporate into his reading as most shared features with Ibn Masʿūd’s reading as possible, while orthographic limitations let him. This is why his reading has sometimes prioritized meaning over syntactic correctness. Al-Kisāʾī has disputed Ḥamza’s reading in 18 cases, because he believed that Ḥamza’s reading failed to accurately represent Ibn Masʿūd’s in them.
Reka Bentuk Modul Inovasi Pengajaran Taranum Bayyātī Berbantukan Audio-Visual Alunan Mudah dan Ilustrasi Arah
Authors: Salleh Muhamad Nasir Mohamad , Rekan Abd. Aziz , Rizal Muhammad Syazwan Shamshul
Published: April 2024

The teaching of Quranic recitation in Malaysia is increasingly showcasing dynamism within the mainstream education system. However, challenges persist, particularly at the higher education level where courses in this field are offered. The readiness of lecturers is a key factor in students’ preparedness to acquire knowledge and skills. Quality lecturers should equip themselves with contemporary teaching skills, encompassing creative strategies, approaches, methods, and techniques. In this context, if Quranic recitation teaching is not well-planned and engaging, understanding the recitation becomes increasingly difficult for students, leading to boredom and low motivation throughout the teaching and learning process. Therefore, this study aims to develop the innovative teaching module design for Taranum Bayyātī incorporates audio-visual aids with simplistic melodies and directional illustrations as alternative reference guides for Quranic recitation course lecturers in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). This study applies the framework of Design and Development Research (DDR), focusing solely on the design phase. In this design phase, the researcher has adapted two teaching models, namely the al-Qābisī Quranic Teaching Model and the Quranic Recitation Teaching Model for Higher Education Institutions (MPTQ-IPT), to form six teaching components in MIPT-Bayyātī. Furthermore, the production of audio-visual materials based on MIPT-Bayyātī is grounded in Mayer’s cognitive multimedia theory. In conclusion, the design of MIPT-Bayyātī can assist lecturers in enhancing Quranic recitation teaching and students’ mastery of Quranic recitation skills.
التأويلُ النَّحويُّ في كتابِ ”معاني القرآنِ“ للفراء: مَظَاهِرُهُ وأحكامُهُ
Authors: Abboush Abdul-Fattah Mohammad
Published: April 2024

Syntactic interpretation is one of the important methods that grammarians resort to when they find some words that have semantic as well as pragmatic meanings. This method is essential to avoid problems of contradiction in parallel structures and the nonsensical message that could be conveyed when a text is understood with its surface meaning. This research sheds some light on one of the most important books, “The Meanings of the Qurʾān” by al-Frrāʾ (AH 207/822 AD), and shows how he employed the various aspects of interpretation to apply his syntactic Kufic doctrine to the topics he discussed. The study also shows how he uses interpretation as a means to reach the meaning that brings him closer to the Qurʾānic intended meaning that he adopted. The conclusion of this research shows that there is a frequent occurrence of the interpretations of conditional clauses in this book due to the existence of the various types of conditional clauses and their grammatical rules.
Towards a Critical Diplomacy
Authors: Brison Jeffrey , Jessup Lynda
Published: April 2024

This essay reflects on the potential that deepened reflexivity around cultural diplomacy has to radicalize the study and practice of diplomacy through engagement with academics and practitioners in the field of cultural relations. It explores culture’s role in cultural diplomacy as an expression of Eurocentric dualist constructions of nature and culture that reproduce a Western episteme and reassert universalizing claims that deny other ways of knowing and relating to the world. It aims to unsettle settler diplomacy by engaging with contemporary artists who mobilize understandings of the wampum belt as a function of diplomatic relations to give voice to the political consciousness that animates the Indigenous practice of place-based internationalism. In so doing, it advances a methodology toward increased reflexivity and critical space for discussion across disciplinary formations that currently function to separate the cultural and the political in centering Western statist diplomacy as the taken-for-granted field of diplomatic activity.
Creative Diplomacy in Constantinople: Virginia Woolf and Kang Youwei
Authors: Xiang Alice
Published: April 2024

This article discusses two figures who visited Constantinople/Istanbul in roughly the same period, English writer Virginia Woolf (1906) and Qing China reformer Kang Youwei (1908). While Woolf and Kang arrived in Istanbul from different contexts, they were each deeply interested in Istanbul as the capital of an empire that called their own into provocative comparison. Both produced texts that were the result of critical reflections upon their encounters there, and each would also go on to advocate for profound societal reforms, with shared emphases on social equality, pacifism, and cosmopolitan critiques of the state. By reading Kang’s and Woolf’s Istanbul-inspired and other related texts alongside one another, this article presents these literary texts as forms of creative diplomacy that engage with historical, aesthetic, and ethical dimensions of difference, and that highlight the possibilities of imaginative interventions into official diplomatic practices and narratives.
Itinerant Diplomatic Precedent: A Spanish Colonial Encounter with Native Americans within an Islamic Context, al-Hajari’s Kitab 1611–13
Authors: Idrissi Achraf
Published: April 2024

This article explores the Morisco Qasim al-Hajari’s (Kitab) The Supporter of Religion against the Infidel 1611–13 for its diplomatic merit within the rubric of the Islamic Maghreb. In particular, it sheds light on how a scene from Spain’s colonial expansionist encounters with native Americans is utilized within an Arabophone context of the early modern Islamicate world. Al-Hajari Islamizes the momentous and violent imperial encounter between the Aztec king Moctezuma and the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés (1519) in Mexico. Additionally, he juxtaposes such a scene with Spain’s violation of the treaties with Muslim Andalusians (1492–1609) and its incursions upon its neighboring Protestant powers. Al-Hajari’s account not only indicates the itinerant condition which characterizes the circulation of ideas between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean but also demonstrates how imperial episodes acquire different meanings, through diplomatic endeavors and within different hermeneutic communities.
Erratum: DARIO R. FAUSTINO-FUSTER, JEISSON A. LÓPEZ-CASTAÑO, JHONATAN M. QUIÑONES & VANESSA MEZA-VARGAS (2024) Increasing the species diversity of the monotypic genus Pariolius Cope 1872 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) after more than 150 years. Zootaxa, 5433 (3): 389–403.
Authors: FAUSTINOFUSTER DARIO R. , LÓPEZCASTAÑO JEISSON A. , QUIÑONES JHONATAN M. , MEZAVARGAS VANESSA
Published: April 2024

N/A
Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical skipper genus Incisus Grishin, 2019 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae), with the description of a new species
Authors: LEMES JOSÉ RICARDO ASSMANN , SIEWERT RICARDO RUSSO , MIELKE OLAF HERMANN HENDRIK , CASAGRANDE MIRNA MARTINS , WARREN ANDREW DAVID
Published: April 2024

The taxonomy of the genus Incisus Grishin, 2019 is reviewed, including redescriptions of known species, the description of a new species, Incisus mineirus sp. nov., identification keys, and an updated distribution map. Images of the genitalia for each species are included, with the female genitalia being illustrated for the first time. A lectotype and paralectotype for Antigonus incisus Mabille, 1878, and neotypes for Staphylus ordinarius Hayward, 1933 and Nisoniades aterea Plötz, 1884, are designated. Staphylus ordinarius Hayward, 1933 is a syn. nov. of Incisus fasciatus (Hayward, 1933). Antigonus variegatus Mabille, 1878 is a syn. nov. of Nisoniades macarius Herrich-Schäffer, 1870, and Staphylus dentivittata Hayward, 1933 is a syn. nov. of Staphylus musculus (Burmeister, 1875). Additionally, the subgeneric name Stolla Grishin, 2023 is a syn. nov. of Uniphylus Lemes, Siewert, Mielke, Casagrande & Warren, 2023.
The Effect of Astragalus mongholicus Water Extract on Urinary Function in Rats
Authors: Zhang Qinhu , Jiang Yun , Jiang Wei , Qu Huanmin , Cheng Jianbin , Dai Xuanhui , He Qianfeng
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the effect of combining Astragalus mongholicus (A. mongholicus) water extract with electroacupuncture to improve bladder urinary function in rats with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). 18 SPF-grade unfertilized female SD rats were used, among which
15 rats were selected to establish the SUI model through simulated labor injury combined with bilateral oophorectomy. The 15 SUI rats were randomly divided into three groups: the model group, the Astragalus group (treated with A. mongholicus water extract), and the Astragalus+acupuncture
group, with 5 rats in each group. The remaining three rats constituted the control group. After 6 weeks of treatment, the study compared bladder function parameters before and after treatment, including the positive rate of sneezing test, urethral baseline pressure (UBP), the amplitude of
urethral response during sneezing (A-URS), maximum bladder capacity (MBC) indicating bladder function, leak point pressure (LPP), abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP), urine output, residual urine volume, and urination efficiency. Masson staining was used to observe changes in collagen fiber
proportion in bladder tissue. Compared to the control group, the model group exhibited increased positive sneezing test, urination output, and residual urine volume, while bladder function decreased. Both the Astragalus group and Astragalus+acupuncture group demonstrated significant improvements
in UBP, A-URS, MBC, LPP, ALPP, urination efficiency, collagen fiber proportion, and other indicators compared to the model group. Furthermore, the Astragalus+acupuncture group exhibited superior treatment effects compared to A. mongholicus water extract alone, suggesting the potential
of this combined approach for SUI.
Appendicular Muscle Mass Index as the Most Important Determinant of Bone Mineral Content and Density in Small for Gestational Age Children
Authors: Rojo-Trejo María Elena , Robles-Osorio Ma Ludivina , Rangel Beatriz , García Olga P. , Becerra-Hernández María Fernanda , Cárdenas-Rodríguez Laura , Sabath Ernesto
Published: April 2024

Preterm small for gestational age (SGA) children are at increased risk for low bone mineral content later in life; however, data on SGA children born at term are scarce. We included 44 SGA and 57 adequate for gestational age (AGA) children aged 6 to 11 years to compare bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) and to identify which anthropometric and biochemical values influence bone mineralization in these children. Fat mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI), BMC, and BMD were significantly lower in SGA children than in AGA ( P ≤ .005). Appendicular muscle mass index correlated with BMC(TBLH,FN,L1-L4) and BMD(TBLH,FN,L1-L4) in both groups (r2 = 0.7, P < .05). In multivariate analysis, ASMMI was strongly associated with BMC and BMD in both groups. There were no differences in clinical biomarkers, calcium intake, and physical activity between the groups. Achieving adequate muscle mass contributes to adequate bone mineralization and a lower risk for low BMC and BMD in SGA children.
Preserving and Promoting Indigenous Languages: Social Media Analysis of Punjabi and Setswana Languages
Authors: Minhas Shahid , Salawu Abiodun
Published: April 2024

A treasure of knowledge is lost when a language dies and it is irretrievable. While the majority of indigenous languages are endangered, it is difficult for these languages to survive in the 21st century socially diverse world. This study examines the role of social media in the preservation and promotion of indigenous languages, particularly Punjabi and Setswana, within the context of social media platforms Facebook and X (formally called Twitter). The qualitative approach, using a content analysis method, investigates the linguistic content shared on these platforms. These languages act as channels for language preservation and promotion, navigating time, place and identity in the digital era. Social media platforms, such as X and Facebook, have the potential to rejuvenate and conserve indigenous and endangered languages. The study reveals a rich tapestry of participation, expression, and community development in the digital arena, highlighting the potential of both platforms to preserve and promote indigenous languages. The study also explores aspects such as prosocial impacts, social norms and convincing representations. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of making fundamental decisions about social media and indigenous language preservation and promotion, emphasizing the mitigation of challenges.
Zinc- and Fluoride-Releasing Bioactive Glass as a Novel Bone Substitute
Authors: Kondo T. , Otake K. , Kakinuma H. , Sato Y. , Ambo S. , Egusa H.
Published: April 2024

Bioglass 45S5, a silica-based glass, has pioneered a new field of biomaterials. Bioglass 45S5 promotes mineralization through calcium ion release and is widely used in the dental field, including toothpaste formulations. However, the use of Bioglass 45S5 for bone grafting is limited owing to the induction of inflammation, as well as reduced degradation and ion release. Phosphate-based glasses exhibit higher solubility and ion release than silica-based glass. Given that these glasses can be synthesized at low temperatures (approximately 1,000°C), they can easily be doped with various metal oxides to confer therapeutic properties. Herein, we fabricated zinc- and fluoride-doped phosphate-based glass (multicomponent phosphate [MP] bioactive glass) and further doped aluminum oxide into the MP glass (4% Al-MP glass) to overcome the striking solubility of phosphate-based glass. Increased amounts of zinc and fluoride ions were detected in water containing the MP glass. Doping of aluminum oxide into the MP glass suppressed the striking dissolution in water, with 4% Al-MP glass exhibiting the highest stability in water. Compared with Bioglass 45S5, 4% Al-MP glass in water had a notably reduced particle size, supporting the abundant ion release of 4% Al-MP glass. Compared with Bioglass 45S5, 4% Al-MP glass enhanced the osteogenesis of mouse bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mouse macrophages cultured with 4% Al-MP glass displayed enhanced induction of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and reduced proinflammatory M1 macrophages, indicating M2 polarization. Upon implanting 4% Al-MP glass or Bioglass 45S5 in a mouse calvarial defect, 4% Al-MP glass promoted significant bone regeneration when compared with Bioglass 45S5. Hence, we successfully fabricated zinc- and fluoride-releasing bioactive glasses with improved osteogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, which could serve as a promising biomaterial for bone regeneration.
Revolts Against Neoliberalism in the Southern Cone: The Argentine Crisis of 2001 and the 2019 Chilean Social Explosion in Comparison
Authors: Rebón Julián , Ruiz Encina Carlos
Published: April 2024

In the current century, mobilization and revolt have represented key events in Latin American politics.The 2001 Argentine crisis and the 2019 Chilean social explosion represent revolts that emerged from social discontent generated by neoliberal models of accumulationand the operations of existing political systems. The form and temporality of their developments depended on the transformations of and continuities with the previous period, on the intensity of social unrest, the political opportunities available to nonconformists, and the dynamics of confrontation with the state.

En el presente siglo, la movilización y revuelta han representado acontecimientos clave para la vida política de América Latina. El presente trabajo analiza comparativamente los episodios de acción colectiva conocidos como la crisis de 2001 en Argentina y el estallido social chileno del año 2019. Nuestra hipótesis sostiene que los mismos representan revueltas que emergen del malestar social generalizado con modelos de acumulación basados en el neoliberalismo y con el funcionamiento de los sistemas políticos existentes. La forma y temporalidad de sus desarrollos dependen de las transformaciones y continuidades con el período previo, de la intensidad del malestar social, de las oportunidades políticas disponibles para los disconformes, así como de la dinámica de la confrontación con el Estado.
The safe addition of nitric oxide to the sweep gas of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit
Authors: Brock Michael A , Ebraheem Mohammed , Jaudon Andrew , Narasimhulu Sukumar Suguna , Vazquez-Colon Zasha , Philip Joseph , Lopez-Colon Dalia , Jacobs Jeffrey P , Bleiweis Mark S , Peek Giles J
Published: April 2024

Background: Nitric Oxide (NO) is a naturally occurring modulator of inflammation found in the human body. Several studies in the pediatric cardiothoracic surgery literature have demonstrated some beneficial clinical effects when NO is added to the sweep gas of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit.

Purpose: Our primary aim was to determine the safety of incorporating nitric oxide into the oxygenator sweep gas of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit. Secondarily, we looked at important clinical outcomes, such as survival, blood product utilization, and common complications related to ECMO.

Methods: We performed a single center, retrospective review of all patients at our institution who received ECMO between January 1, 2017 and March 31, 2023. We began additing NO to the ECMO sweep gas in 2019.

Results: There were no instances of clinically significant methemoglobinemia with the addition of NO to the sweep gas (0% vs 0%, p = 1). The median daily methemoglobin level was higher in those who received NO via the sweep gas when compared to those who did not (1.6 vs 1.1, p = <0.001).

Conclusions: The addition of NO to the sweep gas of the ECMO circuit is safe.
Preventing Violence in the Raced Margins: Alternate Rationalities, Possibilities, and Imaginaries
Authors: Dutta Mohan J. , Elers Phoebe , Jayan Pooja , Rahman Mahbubur , Hashim Shakila , Liu Jie , Nematollahi Negin , Mohd Sharif Akbar Shah Bin , Teikmata-Tito Christina , Whittfield Francine , Bray Stephen , Holdaway Sarah , Jackson De’Anne , Kerr Bronwyn , Metuamate Selina , Pokaia Venessa , Raharuhi Ihaia , Zorn Andee
Published: April 2024

The organizational communication discipline has been criticized for not centering the voices of ethnic minority communities. This can be witnessed in the prevention of violence, where migrant communities are more vulnerable to the effects of violence but are underserved by Western models of violence prevention. Grounded in the culture-centered approach, the present study—drawing from interviews with 67 new migrants and 31 service providers—explores how organizations can assist in preventing violence among new migrant communities. The findings reveal how communication inequality reduces agency and can create an environment conducive to violence and how the current individualized model of service delivery does not attend to the cultural norms and needs of community members. Engaging with new migrant communities and addressing violence involves creating communicative avenues of dialogue and leveraging community agency in codeveloping infrastructures for transformation.
Reducing vibration and noise in honeycomb structure applied to automobile integrated water tank
Authors: Dong Fei , Hu Wei , Cao Xiaohui , Zhang Wenyu
Published: April 2024

This work uses modal acoustic transfer vector (MATV) technology in conjunction with vibration response analysis to determine optimal target optimization parameters for automobile integrated water tanks. The effects of square and hexagonal reinforcement honeycomb structures on the vibration damping performance of water tanks are analyzed, using an untreated smooth plane as a reference object. The study investigates the effects of honeycomb height, honeycomb length, and honeycomb thickness on the tank’s vibration damping performance. The results indicate that a hexagonal structure is more effective than a square structure in improving structural stiffness and reducing structural vibration. The height of the honeycomb structure is particularly effective in suppressing normal vibration of the structural surface, especially when the height exceeds 8 mm. A response surface model is developed based on the edge length, wall thickness, and height of the honeycomb, following the Box-Behnken central combinatorial test design principle. Considering the effect of interference of additional parts, the noise reduction is found to be most effective with a honeycomb side length L = 12 mm, height H = 4.91 mm, and wall thickness T = 2.5 mm. These parameters can be a guide for creating a new honeycomb reinforcement structure to better achieve vibration and noise reduction in automobile water tanks.
Police work and the politics of expendability in India
Authors: Jauregui Beatrice
Published: April 2024

This article examines how rank-and-file police in contemporary India express work-related grievances regarding official neglect of their well-being, systemic exploitation by government authorities and other elites, and routinized threats of bodily harm and death. It analyzes these experiences as manifestations of a ‘politics of expendability’ through which police, conceived as security laborers, are ironically condemned to exclusion from a morally and materially ‘good life’, and only partially or superficially compensated for the often questionably licit kinds of work demanded of them. Conceiving this politics as both intersecting with and reflective of broader structures of systemic inequality and oppressive violence, I consider recent cases of constables publicly complaining about their working and living conditions through social media, quitting their jobs, and dying by suicide as signs of resignation-cum-protest. In so doing, I demonstrate how the social demands for police work as security labor are co-configured with a devaluation of police life that produces affects of despair and structures of disposability. Rethinking the globalized paradox of police demonization-cum-valorization, this study raises challenging questions about how police in India – as well as in other contexts, and especially in Global South postcolonies – may be conceived as expendable workers. It further considers how, moving forward, we must work to reimagine what policing as institutionalized security labor and police work are – and ought to be.
Implementing a Palliative Care Junior Faculty Visiting Professor Program: Pearls and Pitfalls
Authors: Seaman Jennifer B. , Thomas Teresa H. , Wong Risa L. , Lazris David I. , Belin Maria , Schenker Yael
Published: April 2024

Motivation

Palliative Care (PC) is a small, relatively young interprofessional sub-specialty; hence mentorship for early-career research faculty is widely dispersed across schools and universities. We developed the Junior Visiting Professor Program (JVPP) to provide junior faculty in palliative care (PC) with opportunities to meet multidisciplinary PC researchers from other institutions and to advance their research through networking and presenting their work. We describe how we designed and implemented the program, and we report on the first cohort of participants.

Methods

We invited PC research groups from US schools of medicine and nursing to participate in this 5-year interprofessional exchange program by nominating junior faculty and serving as hosts. We matched nominees to host institutions based on nominee training experiences, nominee research interests, and host institution faculty expertise. In addition, we provided logistical guidance on visit planning. Post-visit, we surveyed both hosts and junior visiting professors (JVPs) regarding their satisfaction, perceived value, and suggestions regarding the program.

Results

We recruited 13 schools to participate and matched 10 nominees to host institutions in our first year. Nine JVPs completed their visit; 6 JVPs and 8 host faculty/staff responded to the post-visit survey. Overall, JVPs were highly satisfied with their matches and the visiting professor experience. Hosts were generally satisfied with their matches and believed the program to be mutually beneficial. The most frequent suggestion was for greater administrative support to plan visits.

Conclusions

Structured, well-supported opportunities for networking across institutions is beneficial for emerging PC researchers and for building PC research capacity.
Zero upper arm hemodialysis fistulas: utopian or realistic goal?
Authors: Marcello Napoli , Giulia Fontò , Maria Luisa Lefons , Paolo Ria , Anna Zito , Silvia Barbarini , Paolo Protopapa , Antonio De Pascalis
Published: April 2024

Background:

Although distal native fistula is the best first-line vascular access (VA), upper arm fistula (UAF) prevalence is increasing worldwide, except in Japan. Our previous survey on 50% of hemodialysis patients (HP) revealed a prevalence of UAF of less than 5%, which is lower than the findings published by the DOPPS 5 study in our country. We analyzed the VA prevalence on 100% of HPs from our department.

Methods:

In December 2021, we investigated the prevalence of vascular access of 1295 hemodialysis patients from 17 dialysis factories. VAs were classified according to location into distal forearm fistula (DFF), middle-proximal forearm fistula (MPFF), and UAF. The department manages VA using a Hub and Spoke model. The hub performs simple and complex VA including Graft placement, the Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA) of fistulas and central stenosis, and the surgical and endovascular rescue of thrombosed or stenotic fistulas. The spokes perform mainly simple DFFs.

Results:

The mean age of 1295 HP (35% females and 21% diabetics) was 69 ± 12.4 years; 506 (39%) were over 75 years old. The prevalence of DFF, MPFF, UAF, GRAFT, and CVC was 63.5%, 10.1%, 3%, 0.7%, and 22.5%, respectively. Data comparison between our two surveys revealed a lower MPFF, UAF, and GRAFT prevalence and increased CVC prevalence. Patients aged 75 years or older, women, and diabetics showed a higher frequency of CVC and a lower prevalence of DFF.

Conclusions:

The findings confirm the low prevalence of UAF found in our prior survey, demonstrating that UAFs can be reduced to 5% or less, as seen in Japanese experience.
Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Outbreak 2024 in Cambodia: Worries Over the Possible Spread of the Virus to Other Asian Nations and the Strategic Outlook for its Control
Authors: Nidra Farhana Yesmin , Monir Mayesha Bintey , Dewan Syed Masudur Rahman
Published: April 2024

Asia has been alarmed by the resurgence of avian influenza A (H5N1) in Cambodia in 2024. H5N1 could be swiftly transmitted by wild birds to poultry populations along their migration route via infection. Circulation of endemic H5N1 in Asian poultry facilitates recurrent human transmission. Cambodia’s role as a reservoir heightens the potential dangers of uncoordinated containment and surveillance across Southeast Asia. This correspondence addresses the risk factors, seasonal patterns, transmission dynamics, and potential pathways for the global dissemination of H5N1. This underscores the criticality of supervising regional initiatives aimed at eliminating the virus from poultry and humans, before its potential escalation into a deadly influenza pandemic across Asia.
Remote consultations in primary care: Patient experiences and suggestions for improvement
Authors: de Visser Richard O , Nwamba Chimela , Brearley Eve , Shafiei Vahid , Hart Lia
Published: April 2024

The use of Remote Consultations (RCs) in primary care expanded rapidly during the Covid-19 pandemic: their ongoing use highlights a need to improve experiences of them. We interviewed 17 adults in the UK, including a sub-sample of five people with a First Language other than English (FLotE). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis identified five major themes: (1) RCs are convenient, but they require appropriate technology and appropriate conditions of use; (2) even those with good general eHealth literacy and connectivity may struggle with systems that are not user-friendly; (3) greater reliance on verbal communication was experience as limiting empathy, and also made RCs more difficult for people with a FLotE; (4) RCs are considered inappropriate for complex conditions, or those with major psychological components; (5) continuity of care is important, but is often lacking. Overall, interviewees emphasised the need for more user-friendly processes, and greater attention to patients’ preferences for consultation type.
Damage detection of thin plates by fusing variational mode decomposition and spectral entropy
Authors: Lu Guangtao , Zhou Zhiwei , Wu Longyun , Wang Yangtao , Wang Tao , Yang Dan
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a new approach for damage detection in thin plates by fusing variational mode decomposition and spectral entropy (VMD-SE). In this method, after the received signal is decomposed into some intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by variational mode decomposition (VMD), the spectral entropy ratio of the first and last IMFs is calculated for optimizing the VMD’s parameters and improving its decomposition performance. Moreover, the cross-correlation coefficient between the decomposed IMFs and the reference signal is computed to separate the desired IMF, which contains more damage information. Finally, the spectral entropy of the obtained IMF is calculated as an indicator for assessing the damage’s severity. The comparative analysis of the simulated signal clearly shows that only the proposed method can successfully separate the damage-related and reference signals. To verify the VMD-SE method, damage detection of two different types of damage on aluminum and composite fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates is conducted by using this new approach. The experimental results demonstrate that the parameters of VMD affect greatly its decomposition performance, and the best parameters are selected. The results also indicate that the normalized spectral entropy monotonically increases when the diameter of the through-hole or the length of the scratch increases. In addition, the correlation coefficients of the fitting lines of the plates are larger than 0.998. The experimental results of aluminum specimens demonstrate that the damage’s location has an influence on the normalized spectral entropy. At last, based on the linear relationship, the severity of damage in the fourth specimen is identified. The identification results demonstrate that the relative error of the aluminum and CFRP plates is less than 7.34%, which indicates that this new algorithm by fusing VMD and spectral entropy can detect the damage size in thin plates accurately and efficiently.
The influence of seam orientation on the lift and drag of a rotating baseball in flight
Authors: Seydel Joseph
Published: April 2024

The effect of seam orientation relative to the spin axis on the forces of a rotating baseball has been studied, and debated, for as long as baseball has existed. Early debates centered on whether a spinning baseball could even curve and eventually changed to whether the orientation of seams had any impact on the forces acting on the ball during flight. This study uses Computational Fluid Dynamics to show that the seam orientation can have a significant influence on the lift force experienced by a baseball in flight, but that influence diminishes as the rate of spin approaches the natural shedding frequency of a sphere of the same size. Oscillations in the wake caused by the passing of seams across the upper and lower surface eventually give way to larger scale instabilities and the impact of seam orientation on the forces acting on the ball is significantly reduced.
Return to Golf After Hip Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Checketts Jake X. , Panchal Olivia , Stephens B. Joshua , Patel Amar , Howard Conner , Hunt Tyler , Reddy Arjun K. , Checketts Beaun , Hanson Chad
Published: April 2024

Context:

Patients experiencing pain from femoral acetabular impingement and considering hip arthroscopy may be concerned about their timeline to resume activities they enjoy, such as golf.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to review current literature on return-to-play data after hip arthroscopy and to provide clinicians with data to set proper expectations with patients.

Data Sources:

The following terms were used to search PubMed and Embase electronic databases on October 18, 2023: hip, arthroscopy, arthroscopic, golf.

Study Selection:

Studies were included if they were in the English language, of Level 1 to 4 evidence, and contained data specific to golfers undergoing hip arthroscopy. Studies were excluded if they did not designate participants as golfers or did not specify return-to-play data. Editorials, case reports, and review articles were excluded. Screening was completed by 2 authors in a blind and duplicate manner.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level II.

Data Extraction:

The following datapoints were extracted from each study: hip pathology and arthroscopic procedure data; number of players returning to golf and time from surgery to return; outcome score(s); and rehabilitation details. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.

Results:

The search returned 400 studies, of which 4 were included for analysis. Of these 4 studies, 2 specified return-to-play time. Of 95 golfers, 90 (94.7%) returned to golf successfully after arthroscopic hip surgery. Subjective and objective outcome scores improved postoperatively, including an increased average drive distance.

Conclusion:

Return to golf after hip arthroscopy is highly probable, with approximately 95% of patients throughout literature returning to play. A mean return time of 4.7 months for professional golfers and 7.2 months for amateurs, alongside improved subjective outcomes and performance metrics postsurgery, suggest patients can expect a relatively quick return to the course with similar or improved performance.
Age-related markers and predictors of diabetic kidney disease progression in type 2 diabetes patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fabre Larissa , Bevilaqua Rangel Érika
Published: April 2024

Background:

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria, which play a pivotal role in both diagnosing and determining the disease’s progression. This study aimed to assess the trajectory of these markers concerning age in individuals with DKD and identify predictive factors for the decline in eGFR decline, variation in albuminuria, mortality, and progression to renal replacement therapy (RRT).

Design:

This retrospective cohort encompassed patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), divided into two age categories: <75 and ⩾75 years old.

Methods:

Over a 3-year span, the study evaluated eGFR (CKD-EPI) and 24-h albuminuria. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to pinpoint factors associated with deteriorating renal function and mortality. Significance was set at p < 0.05, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed to illustrate renal and overall survival.

Results:

The analysis comprised 304 patients. Comparable eGFR declines were evident in both age groups during the transition from the first to the second year and from the second to the third year. Nonetheless, a more pronounced rise in albuminuria was evident in the ⩾75 years group during the first to the second year. Multivariate analysis unveiled that systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements in the first year positively forecasted eGFR decline. Age was associated with heightened albuminuria and mortality, while hospitalizations linked to cardiovascular causes robustly predicted mortality. Hospitalizations due to sepsis and cardiovascular reasons, coupled with first-year SBP measurements, served as predictive indicators for progression to RRT.

Conclusion:

Both age groups experienced similar declines in eGFR, though the ⩾75 years group displayed a more significant increase in albuminuria during the first to the second year. Age, hospitalizations, and higher blood pressure levels were correlated with exacerbated renal function deterioration and/or elevated mortality in DKD. Timely intervention and tailored management strategies stand as critical components for enhancing outcomes among DKD patients.