bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Dust-Related Power Loss Sensor for Solar Farm Management
Authors: Portelli Barnaby , D’Amato Ryan , Grech Ivan , Micallef Joseph
Published: February 2025

As the adoption of solar photovoltaic systems continues to increase, the efficiency and reliability of these systems under real-world conditions become paramount. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the influence of dust deposition on PV panel performance, based on an innovative dust-related power loss sensor. A dust coefficient is defined, which gives the percentage loss in energy generation due to dust accumulation. This coefficient, obtained from the dust-related power loss sensor, was validated in this study in two ways: correlation with weather events monitored using data derived from a custom-built weather station and correlation with the outputs from an eight-panel reference system. Pairs of PV panels in this eight-panel system were subjected to four distinct cleaning schedules, and the energy generation from each pair was monitored. The results showed that the data from the dust-related power loss sensor system presented here are a reliable indicator of energy losses due to dust accumulation. The dust coefficient can thus be used as a real-time parameter that enables the creation of informed cost-effective cleaning schedules for large PV farms.
An Informer Model for Very Short-Term Power Load Forecasting
Authors: Yang Zhihe , Li Jiandun , Wang Haitao , Liu Chang
Published: February 2025

Facing the decarbonization trend in power systems, there appears to be a growing requirement on agile response and delicate supply from electricity suppliers. To accommodate this request, it is of key significance to precisely extrapolate the upcoming power load, which is well acknowledged as VSTLF, i.e., Very Short-Term Power Load Forecasting. As a time series forecasting problem, the primary challenge of VSTLF is how to identify potential factors and their very long-term affecting mechanisms in load demands. With the help of a public dataset, this paper first locates several intensely related attributes based on Pearson’s correlation coefficient and then proposes an adaptive Informer network with the probability sparse attention to model the long-sequence power loads. Additionally, it uses the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) for ablation and interpretation analysis. The experiment results show that the proposed model outperforms several state-of-the-art solutions on several metrics, e.g., 18.39% on RMSE, 21.70% on MAE, 21.24% on MAPE, and 2.11% on R2.
Optimization Research on a Novel Community Integrated Energy System Based on Solar Energy Utilization and Energy Storage
Authors: Zhao Xunwen , Mu Hailin , Li Nan , Kong Xue , Shi Xunpeng
Published: February 2025

Integrated energy systems (IESs) are essential for enabling the energy transition in communities and reducing CO2 emissions. This paper proposes a novel IES that combines photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal energy with coordinated electrical and thermal energy storage to meet the energy demands of residential communities. The system also incorporates hydrogen production for fuel cell vehicles. A dual-objective optimization model was developed, minimizing both economic costs and CO2 emissions. The system’s performance was evaluated using data from a case study in Dalian, which showed that the IES successfully reduced the annual total cost and CO2 emissions compared to conventional systems. The key findings showed that PV electrolysis for hydrogen production provides both economic and environmental advantages. The system’s integration of solar thermal energy offers higher economic efficiency, while PV energy supplies enhance coordination. Additionally, carbon trading prices effectively reduce emissions, but excessively high prices do not always lead to better emission outcomes. This study introduces a comprehensive, multi-energy approach for optimizing the energy supply, contributing novel insights to the field of sustainable energy systems.
The Myth That Eucalyptus Trees Deplete Soil Water—A Review
Authors: Medeiros Priscila Lira de , Pimenta Alexandre Santos , Miranda Neyton de Oliveira , Melo Rafael Rodolfo de , Amorim Jhones da Silva , Azevedo Tatiane Kelly Barbosa de
Published: February 2025

The increase in demand for timber and global eucalyptus cultivation has generated controversy regarding its potential impact on water resources, especially in regions with limited water availability, with the myth that “eucalyptus dries out the soil” being spread. In this regard, this review study addresses the factors that influence water consumption by eucalyptus, providing solutions to reduce, mitigate, or even avoid any impact on water resources at a given site. In this manuscript, the authors reviewed 200 works published from 1977 to 2024 to survey all information to confirm if the factual background allows someone to state if eucalyptus can deplete soil water. With a solid scientific basis, many research studies show that eucalyptus’ water demand is comparable to that of native forest species and crops worldwide and that species, age, edaphoclimatic conditions, and forest management practices mainly influence water consumption. On the other hand, it is a hasty conclusion that some eucalyptus species can contribute to reduced soil water. Effectively, without proper management, the environmental impacts of a eucalyptus plantation are the same as those of poorly managed crops. Indeed, if cultivated with proper agroclimatic zoning and correct management practices, the growth of eucalyptus culture is an environmentally correct activity. By adopting measures such as maintaining sufficient native forest cover to ensure ecosystem services, cultivation based on zoning maps, and considering local specificities (e.g., deeper, sandier soils are preferable), selection of species appropriate to the carrying capacity of each region, adoption of lower planting densities, and reduced rotation, eucalyptus cultivation will not negatively affect water resources. Sustainable eucalyptus cultivation has several economic and environmental benefits, in addition to positive social impacts on surrounding communities in terms of employment and family income, and its sustainable management can guarantee its viability, demystifying the idea that eucalyptus trees cause water scarcity. The works reviewed herein demonstrated no solid ground to sustain the eucalyptus’ water depletion myth.
Comparative Analysis of Egg Yolk Phospholipid Unsaturation and Its Impact on Neural Health in Alzheimer Disease Mice
Authors: Sun Yuhang , Wu Yao , Fang Bing , Li Jingyu , Liu Yue , Gao Haina , Zhang Ming
Published: February 2025

The mechanism of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) in alleviating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has not yet been clear. The fatty acid composition of PC, especially the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), may be a critical determinant of their structural and functional roles. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the unsaturation levels of egg yolk PC and their impact on neurological health in a murine model of AD. The results showed that oral administration of high and low unsaturation PC (HUP, LUP) enhanced learning and memory abilities in AD mice, with the HUP intervention demonstrating superior efficacy compared to the LUP. Follow-up biochemical analysis of the brain tissue also suggested that HUP intervention effectively mitigated oxidative-stress damage and inhibited tau hyperphosphorylation in AD mice. Meanwhile, lipidomic analyses of the mouse hippocampus revealed that HUP intervention substantially increased the levels of phospholipids, such as PEt (phosphatidylethanol) and BisMePA (bis(methylthio)phenylacetic acid), which are recognized as vital components of neuronal cell membranes. Furthermore, HUP intervention markedly elevated the levels of phospholipids incorporating PUFAs in the hippocampus. These results revealed a mitigating role for unsaturated egg yolk PC in AD prevention and offer new insights into AD prevention from a lipidomic perspective.
Role of Medium-Chain Triglycerides on the Emulsifying Properties and Interfacial Adsorption Characteristics of Pork Myofibrillar Protein
Authors: Shi Miaomiao , Zhang Muhan , Bian Huan , Wang Daoying , Xu Weimin , Wei Suhuan , Guo Ruirui
Published: February 2025

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) have been known to have multiple health benefits in treating metabolic disorders and reducing the incidence of obesity. In the present study, the partial replacement of lard with MCTs assisted by ultrasound treatment on the emulsifying stability and adsorption behavior of myofibrillar protein (MP) was investigated. The results revealed that ultrasound-assisted MCT emulsion had better emulsifying activity and emulsion stability than other groups. MCTs with ultrasound treatment considerably lowered the particle size, facilitated the formation of much smaller and more homogeneous emulsion droplets, and enhanced the oxidative stability of the emulsion. The emulsion had a pseudo-plastic behavior determined through static and dynamic rheological studies, and the MCT emulsion exhibited a larger viscosity and a greater storage modulus (G′) compared with the lard emulsion. MCTs could promote protein adsorption levels at the O/W interface, forming a dense interfacial protein film. The surface hydrophobicity and reactive sulfhydryl content increased, accompanied by the transformation of α-helix and β-turn structure to β-sheet and random coil structure, indicating MCTs combined with ultrasound-induced unfolding and crosslinking of MP at the interface. The results suggested that MCTs may have the potential to enhance emulsifying properties in emulsion-type meat products.
Metabolomic Analysis of Flavour Development in Mung Bean Foods: Impact of Thermal Processing and Storage on Precursor and Volatile Compounds
Authors: Sun Jingru , Li Yanlong , Cheng Xiaoyu , Zhang Hongli , Yu Jinchi , Zhang Lixiang , Qiu Ying , Diao Jingjing , Wang Changyuan
Published: February 2025

Consumers prefer mung beans for their low allergenicity and nutritional benefits. However, flavour development in mung bean foods has been problematic, with beany flavour being a limiting factor. Hot processing is crucial in forming mung bean flavours, and storage-induced changes in flavour precursors directly impact the taste post-processing. This study used metabolomics to analyse the effects of hot processing (baking and cooking) on mung bean flavour and differences after storage. A total of 131 flavour precursors and 45 volatile substances were identified across six sample groups. The results showed that baking and cooking upregulated 22 and 18 volatile substances (ketones, aldehydes, esters, pyridine, pyrazines, etc.), respectively. The Maillard reaction during baking notably increased compounds like 2-hydroxypyridine, 2-methoxy-3-isobutyl pyrazine, 1,2-hexanedione, and 2,3-butanedione. Both methods inhibited linoleic acid oxidation, significantly reducing hexanal content, a key “bean” odour substance. However, storage accelerated linoleic acid conversion to C13 peroxides, increasing hexanal content and bean odour. This process decreased precursor substances like glucose-1-phosphate and caused the accumulation of pyruvic acid intermediates in pentose phosphate and pyruvate metabolism/amino acid metabolism pathways, leading to reduced mung bean taste richness.
Sustainable Fortification of Corn Tortillas with Broccoli By-Products
Authors: García-Lorca Nieves , Libero Concetta , Livigni Carmela , Frouzaki Natalia Eleftheria , Aguayo Encarna
Published: February 2025

Fortification is the deliberate addition of essential micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, to enhance a food’s nutritional profile and contribute to public health. A promising approach to fortification involves the use of plant by-products which are rich in bioactive compounds. This study evaluates the effects of incorporating broccoli by-product powder into corn-flour tortillas. Five formulations were developed: a control (100% corn flour) and variations replacing 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% of the corn flour with broccoli by-product powder. Adding broccoli powder resulted in darker tortillas with slightly reduced firmness. Water and oil absorption capacities increased in fortified tortillas compared to the control. The broccoli powder in the tortillas significantly enhanced their nutritional profile. Calcium content increased nearly six-fold, while potassium and iron concentrations were tripled in tortillas fortified with 10% broccoli powder. Additionally, dietary fiber content rose by 23%. Antioxidant capacity improved significantly, particularly in total polyphenol content. Fortification also led to a significantly higher glucosinolate concentrations, notably neoglucobrassicin and glucoraphanin. Sensory evaluation showed that consumers found tortillas containing 2.5% to 7.5% broccoli powder to be the most acceptable. However, fortification at 10% negatively impacted overall acceptability, primarily due to the intensified brassica flavor. In conclusion, incorporating broccoli by-product powder into corn tortillas enhanced their nutritional and functional properties, whilst retaining acceptable sensory characteristics. This approach promotes the sustainable valorization of by-products, offering a viable, eco-friendly alternative for the development of functional, nutrient-rich foods that support sustainability in the food industry.
Nano-Enabled Seed Treatment Using Bisepoxide-Polyoxypropylenetriamine Polymeric Gel with Different Embedded Zinc Sources
Authors: Alves Felipe B. , Goñi Adela S. M. , Fico Bruno A. , Silva Vanessa S. A. , Orenha Renato P. , Parreira Renato L. T. , Andrada Heber E. , Montanha Gabriel Sgarbiero , da Silva Higor J. F. A. , de Almeida Eduardo , de Carvalho Hudson W. P. , Chittolina Natália , Mastrangelo Clíssia B. , Molina Eduardo F.
Published: February 2025

In the 21st century, sustainable agriculture is expected to become a major contributor to food security and improved nutrition. Amine–epoxide-based materials have great potential for use in agriculture due to their tunable physicochemical features, which are dependent on the concentration and composition of the monomers. In this work, catalyst-free green synthesis, using only water as a solvent, was performed to obtain a nanocarrier (TGel) capable of transporting nutrients after seed priming. The synthesis was based on the opening of the epoxy ring by nucleophile attack, using an amine-terminated polyether. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques showed the spherical morphology of the particles, which ranged in size from 80 nm (unloaded TGel) to 360 nm (zinc-loaded TGel), respectively. Theoretical bonding analysis revealed that Zn cation species from the ZnSO4 source interact with the polymer via σ-bonds, whereas EDTA forms hydrogen bonds with the polymer, thereby enhancing noncovalent interactions. Micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) provided details of the distributions of Zn in the seed compartments and shoots of cucumber plants after seed priming and plant growth, respectively. The use of the Zn-loaded TGels did not affect the physiology of the cucumber plants, as indicated by the photosynthetic efficacy, chlorophyll, and anthocyanin indices.
The Status of SOX2 Expression in Gastric Cancers with Induction of CDX2 Defines Groups with Different Genomic Landscapes
Authors: Voutsadakis Ioannis A.
Published: February 2025

Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma is a highly lethal neoplasm with a short survival especially when metastatic. Few effective treatments are available for the control of the disease and palliation of patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Although progress has been made in the elucidation of molecular pathways invoked in gastric carcinogenesis, this knowledge has not yet led to major breakthroughs, in contrast to several other types of cancer. The role of stem cell transcription factors SOX2 and CDX2 is of particular interest in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Methods: The cohort of gastric adenocarcinomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was interrogated and two groups of gastric cancers, with CDX2 induction and SOX2 suppression on the one hand and with CDX2 induction and SOX2 maintained expression on the other hand were retained. The induction of expression of the two transcription factors was defined as a mRNA expression z score compared with normal samples above zero. The two groups were compared for clinical-pathologic and genomic differences. Results: Among gastric cancers with up-regulated CDX2 mRNA, cancers with suppressed SOX2 mRNA were slightly more numerous (55.9%) than those with a maintained SOX2 expression. The SOX2 suppressed group had a higher prevalence of MSI high cancers (30.9% versus 10%) and of cases with high tumor mutation burden (35% versus 12.4%) than cancers with a SOX2 maintained expression, which presented more frequently high Chromosomal Instability (CIN). The group with SOX2 suppression had higher rates of mutations in many gastric cancer-associated genes such as epigenetic modifiers ARID1A, KMT2D, KMT2C, and KMT2B, as well as higher rates of mutations in genes encoding for receptor tyrosine kinases ERBB4 and FGFR1. On the other hand, TP53 mutations and amplifications in MYC, ERBB2, and CCNE1 were more common in the group with a maintained expression of SOX2, approaching significance for MYC. Conclusions: Notable differences are present in the genomic landscape of CDX2-induced gastric cancer depending on the level of expression of SOX2 mRNA. Despite this, SOX2 mRNA expression levels were not prognostic.
The Sophistic Esprit Français: Sophistry and Elite French Humanistic Education
Authors: Doering Jonathan
Published: February 2025

This essay examines the role of sophistic practices in elite French humanistic education, specifically “omniloquacity”, the ability to speak about any given subject. Drawing together intellectual history, cross-cultural comparisons, and educational testimonies, the essay elaborates a “pedagogical” version of sophistry in this French context that differs from more traditional “vocational” sophistries. Although I focus on the mid-twentieth century, I also consider earlier upheavals and Jesuit influences that shaped an agonistic culture of sophistic performances, challenging competitions, and ultimately, a certain esprit français associated with elite humanistic education. The history of rhetoric in France does not end with the demise of the rhetoric class in 1902, and takes on new meanings when considering the sophistic practices that outlived its nominal death.
Impact of Titanium Plate Fixation on Diacylglycerol and Growth Factor Levels in the Periosteum of the Mandible and Maxilla in Patients with Dentofacial Deformities After Jaw Osteotomies
Authors: Antonowicz Bożena , Borys Jan , Roszczyc-Owsiejczuk Kamila , Łukaszuk Kamila , Zalewska Anna , Błachnio-Zabielska Agnieszka U.
Published: February 2025

Titanium is widely recognized for its biocompatibility and utility in maxillofacial and orthopedic surgery; however, its influence on bone remodeling biomarkers remains underexplored. This study investigates the effects of uncoated titanium plates on both the growth factors and diacylglycerols (DAGs) in the periostea of the maxilla and mandible, as DAG signaling is an essential secondary messenger molecule involved in intracellular signaling connected to various growth factors. The study group comprised 20 patients undergoing bimaxillary osteotomies using miniplates and screws made of Ti6Al4V titanium, from whom bone fixations were removed, while the control group included 20 patients operated on for dentofacial deformities (before the insertion of titanium fixations). Diacylglycerol levels in the serum and periosteum were analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Growth factors in the periosteum were measured via ELISA with commercially available assay kits. Our findings demonstrate a significant reduction in growth factors, including IGF-1, PDGF, and FGF-23, alongside decreased total DAG levels, suggesting titanium plate stabilization may modulate bone remodeling dynamics. Notably, while overall DAG levels declined, specific DAG species such as C16:0/16:0 and C18:0/18:0 were elevated, whereas polyunsaturated DAGs showed reductions, indicating selective regulation of lipid signaling pathways. Correlation analyses highlighted complex interactions between growth factors and DAGs, with distinct regional differences observed in the mandibular and maxillary periostea. These alterations may result from chronic titanium exposure, potentially inducing a low-grade immune response or modifying the local biochemical environment. This study emphasizes the need for further research into the long-term effects of titanium implants, particularly their influence on lipid metabolism, growth factor dynamics, and bone healing.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of White Grape Pomace Polyphenols on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pop Raluca Maria , Boarescu Paul-Mihai , Bocsan Corina Ioana , Gherman Mădălina Luciana , Chedea Veronica Sanda , Jianu Elena-Mihaela , Roșian Ștefan Horia , Boarescu Ioana , Ranga Floricuța , Tomoiagă Liliana Lucia , Sîrbu Alexandra Doina , Ungur Andrei , Taulescu Marian , Pârvu Alina Elena , Buzoianu Anca Dana
Published: February 2025

Grape pomace (GP), the residue left after grape pressing in winemaking, is rich in polyphenols, including flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of white grape pomace (WGP) extract in two concentrations rich in polyphenols (795 mg polyphenols from WGP/kg body weight (bw) and 397.5 mg polyphenols from WGP/kg bw)), on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI), focusing on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. White grape pomace administration for 14 days offered a cardio-protective effect and prevented prolongation of the QT and QTc intervals on the electrocardiogram. Both concentrations of WGP prevented the elevation of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum, with the best results being observed for the highest concentration (p < 0.05). White grape pomace administration offered a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in both serum and tissue in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest WGP concentration having the best effect (p < 0.05). Moreover, WGP reduced histological changes associated with MI. The findings of the present study demonstrate that WGP extract exerts cardio protective effects by reducing MI-associated inflammation and oxidative stress.
Genetic Variants in Genes Related to Lung Function and Interstitial Lung Diseases Are Associated with Worse Outcomes in Severe COVID-19 and Lung Performance in the Post-COVID-19 Condition
Authors: Fricke-Galindo Ingrid , García-Carmona Salvador , Bautista-Becerril Brandon , Pérez-Rubio Gloria , Buendia-Roldan Ivette , Chávez-Galán Leslie , Nava-Quiroz Karol J. , Alanis-Ponce Jesús , Reséndiz-Hernández Juan M. , Blanco-Aguilar Esther , Erives-Sedano Jessica I. , Méndez-Velasco Yashohara , Osuna-Espinoza Grecia E. , Salvador-Hernández Fidel , Segura-Castañeda Rubén , Solano-Candia Uriel N. , Falfán-Valencia Ramcés
Published: February 2025

Genetic variants related to susceptibility to chronic respiratory conditions such as interstitial lung disease (ILD) could share critical pathways in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and be implicated in COVID-19 outcomes and post-COVID-19. We aimed to identify the participation of genetic variants in lung function and ILD genes in severe COVID-19 outcomes and post-COVID-19 condition. We studied 936 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) classification were considered. The mortality was assessed as the in-hospital death. The post-COVID-19 group included 102 patients evaluated for pulmonary function tests four times during the year after discharge. Five variants (FAM13A rs2609255, DSP rs2076295, TOLLIP rs111521887, TERT rs2736100, and THSD4 rs872471) were genotyped using TaqMan assays. A multifactor dimensionality reduction method (MDR) was performed for epistasis estimation. The TERT rs2736100 and THSD4 rs872471 variants were associated with differential risk for ARDS severity (moderate vs. severe, CC + CA, p = 0.044, OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.44–0.99; and GG p = 0.034, OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.04–4.72, respectively). These variants and FAM13A rs2609255 were also related to pulmonary function post-COVID-19. The MDR analysis showed differential epistasis and correlation of the genetic variants included in this study. The well-known variants in recognized genes related to pulmonary function worsening and interstitial disorders are related to the severity and mortality of COVID-19 and lung performance in the post-COVID-19 condition.
Neurons Co-Expressing GLP-1, CCK, and PYY Receptors Particularly in Right Nodose Ganglion and Innervating Entire GI Tract in Mice
Authors: Lansbury Elizabeth Laura , Vana Vasiliki , Lund Mari Lilith , Ludwig Mette Q. , Mamedova Esmira , Gautron Laurent , Arnold Myrtha , Egerod Kristoffer Lihme , Kuhre Rune Ehrenreich , Holst Jens Juul , Rekling Jens , Schwartz Thue W. , Pankratova Stanislava , Dmytriyeva Oksana
Published: February 2025

Afferent vagal neurons convey gut–brain signals related to the mechanical and chemical sensing of nutrients, with the latter also mediated by gut hormones secreted from enteroendocrine cells. Cell bodies of these neurons are located in the nodose ganglia (NG), with the right NG playing a key role in metabolic regulation. Notably, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) neurons primarily innervate the muscle layer of the stomach, distant from glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-secreting gut cells. However, the co-expression of gut hormone receptors in these NG neurons remains unclear. Using RNAscope combined with immunohistochemistry, we confirmed GLP1R expression in a large population of NG neurons, with Glp1r, cholecystokinin A receptor (Cckar), and Neuropeptide Y Y2 Receptor (Npy2r) being more highly expressed in the right NG, while neurotensin receptor 1 (Ntsr), G protein-coupled receptor (Gpr65), and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A (5ht3a) showed equal expressions in the left and right NG. Co-expression analysis demonstrated the following: (i) most Glp1r, Cckar, and Npy2r neurons co-expressed all three receptors; (ii) nearly all Ntsr1- and Gpr65-positive neurons co-expressed both receptors; and (iii) 5ht3a was expressed in subpopulations of all peptide-hormone-receptor-positive neurons. Retrograde labeling demonstrated that the anterior part of the stomach was preferentially innervated by the left NG, while the right NG innervated the posterior part. The entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the distal colon, was strongly innervated by NG neurons. Most importantly, dual retrograde labeling with two distinct tracers identified a population of neurons co-expressing Glp1r, Cckar, and Npy2r that innervated both the stomach and the colon. Thus, neurons co-expressing GLP-1, cholecystokinin (CCK), and peptide YY (PYY) receptors, predominantly found in the right NG, sample chemical, nutrient-induced signals along the entire GI tract and likely integrate these with mechanical signals from the stomach.
Community-Engaged Learning Within the Medical Curriculum: Evaluating Learning Outcomes and Implementation Challenges
Authors: Pandit Rahul , Essers Rens L. , Pennings Helena J. M.
Published: February 2025

Community engaged learning (CEL) is a teaching methodology which aims to bridge the gap between academia and society by collaborating on community-based projects. Inspired by theories of experiential learning and social constructivism, CEL celebrates learning by doing and is a rather novel teaching methodology within the predominantly theoretical bachelor medical curriculum. Despite CEL’s potential benefits, its implementation faces significant challenges. Here, we investigated how students, accustomed to traditional academic teaching, learn during CEL-infused courses, specifically studying student perception of their learning and identifying the various facilitators and barriers to learning during CEL. The study conducted at Utrecht University’s Faculty of Medicine included second-year medical students participating in a newly introduced CEL course. Using thematic analysis, the study analyzed students’ written reflections collected before and after completion of the course. CEL contributed to developing valuable competencies like empathy, leadership, and communication skills, which go beyond the realm of textbook and classroom-based knowledge. The study further identified key barriers and facilitators, both at personal and organizational levels influencing learning outcome of students. Based on these data, several recommendations have been formulated for all involved parties (students, academic institutions, community partners) which could contribute towards a sustainable embedding of CEL.
Applied Machine Learning to Anomaly Detection in Enterprise Purchase Processes: A Hybrid Approach Using Clustering and Isolation Forest
Authors: Herreros-Martínez Antonio , Magdalena-Benedicto Rafael , Vila-Francés Joan , Serrano-López Antonio José , Pérez-Díaz Sonia , Martínez-Herráiz José Javier
Published: February 2025

In the era of increasing digitalisation, organisations face the critical challenge of detecting anomalies in large volumes of data, which may indicate suspicious activities. To address this challenge, audit engagements are conducted regularly, and internal auditors and purchasing specialists seek innovative methods to streamline these processes. This study introduces a methodology to prioritise the investigation of anomalies identified in two large real-world purchase datasets. The primary objective is to enhance the effectiveness of companies’ control efforts and improve the efficiency of anomaly detection tasks. The approach begins with a comprehensive exploratory data analysis, followed by the application of unsupervised machine learning techniques to identify anomalies. A univariate analysis is performed using the z-Score index and the DBSCAN algorithm, while multivariate analysis employs k-Means clustering and Isolation Forest algorithms. Additionally, the Silhouette index is used to evaluate the quality of the clustering, ensuring each method produces a prioritised list of candidate transactions for further review. To refine this process, an ensemble prioritisation framework is developed, integrating multiple methods. Furthermore, explainability tools such as SHAP are utilised to provide actionable insights and support specialists in interpreting the results. This methodology aims to empower organisations to detect anomalies more effectively and streamline the audit process.
Transcriptomic Profiling Provides Insight into the Molecular Basis of Heterosis in Philippine-Reared Bombyx mori Hybrids
Authors: Conde Ma. Ysabella Elaine D. , Planta Jose , Bautista Ma. Anita M.
Published: February 2025

In the Philippines, Bombyx mori parental strains Lat21 and B221 are crossed to yield NC144 and CN144, which demonstrate hybrid vigor. The molecular basis of the observed vigor in the hybrids is warranted, as it may assist in improving local sericulture programs. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the basis of hybrid vigor and generate molecular resources through whole-silkworm larvae transcriptome sequencing, assembly, and analysis. Differential gene expression was also conducted among the parental strains and hybrids. Assembly of the pre-processed reads was also performed using de novo and reference-based protocols. As expected, the reference-based assembly was better than de novo, based on E90N50, N50, and BUSCO assembly completeness metrics. The Analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed 202 upregulated and 182 downregulated genes in the hybrids (with the parents as the reference) and 66 upregulated and 753 downregulated genes in NC144 (with CN144 as the reference). Among these were genes encoding heat shock proteins and antimicrobial peptides, which may serve as markers for marker-assisted breeding. The genes were further validated using quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, the inducible nature of these genes under stressors like extreme temperature and bacterial exposure suggests their potential as diagnostic tools for stress assessment.
Obesity-Induced PVAT Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis Development: The Role of GHSR-1a in Increased Macrophage Infiltration and Adipocytokine Secretion
Authors: Peiu Sorin Nicolae , Zugun-Eloae Florin , Stoica Bogdan , Anisie Ecaterina , Iosep Diana Gabriela , Danciu Mihai , Silivestru-Crețu Iustina , Akad Fawzy , Avadanei Andrei Nicolae , Condur Laura , Popa Radu Florin , Mocanu Veronica
Published: February 2025

In obesity, recent research revealed that increased expression of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) in macrophages plays a pivotal role in the development of meta-inflammation, promoting macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory polarization. This study aimed to examine the association between GHSR-1a expression in atherosclerotic plaques and adjacent perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) from 11 patients with obesity and peripheral artery disease (PAD) who underwent revascularization procedures. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of CD68, CD80, and CD14, while tissue homogenate levels of adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, and CRP were quantified via ELISA. Serum markers of inflammation were also measured. Among patients with GHSR-1a-positive (+) macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, we observed significantly higher white blood cell counts and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in serum, a lower adiponectin-to-leptin ratio, and elevated IL-6 levels in both arterial and PVAT homogenates. Our findings suggest a link between GHSR-1a and macrophage/monocyte infiltration, macrophage polarization, and adipocytokine secretion in atherosclerotic plaques associated with obesity-induced PVAT dysfunction.
Clinical Significance of Antinuclear Antibodies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: From SETOUCHI-RA Registry
Authors: Nakano Kazuhisa , Fujita Shunichi , Hiramatsu-Asano Sumie , Nagasu Akiko , Tsuji Shoko , Koide Yuka , Yamada Masatomo , Mizuta Yo , Ikeda Masakatsu , Hirano Hiroyasu , Morita Yoshitaka
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a representative systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD) characterized by synovial inflammation. While antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) positivity in patients with RA varies widely, the relationship between ANA patterns and clinical features remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of ANA in patients with RA. Methods: This single-center RA registry study included 814 Japanese patients after excluding those with coexisting SARDs. ANA titers and staining patterns were assessed by indirect immunofluorescence assays on HEp-2 cells. Clinical and laboratory features were analyzed, and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for pulmonary involvement. Hierarchical clustering and statistical analyses were performed to explore associations between ANA patterns and clinical features. Results: ANA positivity was observed in 41.5% of patients, with the speckled and homogeneous patterns being the most common. ANA-positive patients exhibited significantly higher rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) positivity rates and titers, along with elevated disease activity markers, including Evaluator’s Global Assessment and Swollen Joint Count. Nucleolar pattern positivity was independently associated with pulmonary complications, predominantly interstitial lung disease, and higher rates of JAK inhibitor use. Discrete-speckled pattern-positive patients exhibited high ANA titers but lower RF and ACPA levels, reflecting a distinct subset of RA. Conclusions: ANA staining patterns and titers are clinically relevant in RA, with nucleolar and discrete-speckled patterns indicating distinct clinical and pathophysiological profiles. ANA should be interpreted alongside other serological markers and clinical parameters rather than as a standalone tool. Further studies are needed to refine its clinical applicability and integration into RA management.
Associations of Free and Reverse Triiodothyronine with Long-Term All-Cause Mortality After Acute Ischemic Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Taroza Saulius , Burkauskas Julius , Podlipskytė Aurelija , Kažukauskienė Nijolė , Mickuvienė Narseta
Published: February 2025

Background: Arterial thrombosis (AT), the main clinical manifestations of which are ischemic heart disease (IHD) and ischemic stroke (IS), is associated with lowered free triiodothyronine (fT3) in acute ischemic stroke (aIS) and acute myocardial infarction (aMI) but increased reverse T3 (rT3) in aMI, which are associated with worse outcomes at one year. Whether such associations remain independent over a longer follow-up period and the value of rT3 in aIS outcomes are largely unknown. This study was dedicated to examining the impact of fT3 and rT3 on aIS and aMI all-cause mortality over a longer 5-year period. Methods: Individuals from Lithuania who experienced aIS and aIM were included in this study. Serum fT3, rT3, free thyroxin and thyroid-stimulating hormone values were examined on admission to the intensive care department. Follow-up for all-cause mortality was divided into two time periods: 1 and 5 years. Results: The final study (aIS cohort age, 67.5 ± 9.6 years, 41.5% women and aMI cohort age, 61.8 ± 11.4 years, 28% women) consisted of 241 aIS and 289 aMI individuals, respectively. Lower fT3 was independently associated (OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.17–0.99, p = 0.049) with aIS, and higher rT3 (OR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.06–2.67, p = 0.027) with aMI with increased all-cause mortality at 1 year. No associations were found between studied hormones and all-cause mortality at 5 years in both conditions. Conclusions: Lower fT3 in aIS and higher rT3 in aMI are associated with higher all-cause mortality at 1 year. No such associations were found at 5 years.
The Role of Erbium–YAG in Treating Male Genital Warts
Authors: Jiryis Badea , Khamaysi Khozayma , Avitan-Hersh Emily , Shapiro Jonathan , Dawood Marwan , Shehadeh Majd , Khamaysi Ziad
Published: February 2025

Background/Objective: Condyloma acuminatum, also known as genital warts, results from infections of the basal epithelium or mucous membranes by human papillomavirus (HPV). These lesions can significantly impact patients’ quality of life. Recent advances in laser technology, particularly ablative lasers such as CO2 and Erbium–YAG (Er:YAG), have introduced new treatment opportunities. The Er:YAG laser has gained recognition as a safe and effective treatment for viral warts. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Er:YAG laser treatment of male genital warts and to identify risk factors that might influence its effectiveness. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 102 patients who underwent Er:YAG laser wart removal between January 2019 and April 2024 was conducted. Results: Of the 102 patients, 61 (60%) achieved complete response by the 12-month follow-up visit. The response rates were significantly lower when there was a high number of sessions required for complete response, long duration between wart onset and laser treatment, high number of warts treated, positive smoking status, concurrent immunosuppressed state, or active metabolic disease. Conclusions: The Er:YAG laser is an effective method for treating recalcitrant warts. Various factors were shown to influence its efficacy.
Preoperative Optimization for Elective Surgery in Crohn’s Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hazel Karl , Cooney Rachel
Published: February 2025

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease and, despite an increase in the available drug treatments, many patients will still require surgery at some point in their disease course. Stricturing and penetrating phenotypes of Crohn’s disease are less likely to respond to our current medical treatment and, therefore, surgical intervention may be required. This is most commonly elective, planned surgery, thereby affording the opportunity to optimize medications, nutritional and inflammatory status, and steroid use. Poor nutritional status and previous surgery increase the risk of postoperative complications. Preoperative optimization has three main goals: reduction of postoperative complications; reduction of reoperation rates; and reduction of postoperative recurrence rates. A literature search was completed using PubMed, Embase, and Ovid using the search term “preoperative optimization in Crohn’s disease”, and it included both adult and pediatric studies, excluding those for perianal Crohn’s disease. In this narrative review, we examine the role of nutritional intervention, medical optimization pre and postoperatively, and the role of personalized prehabilitation in the reduction of postoperative complications. We demonstrate that these may all yield better postoperative outcomes for patients with Crohn’s disease undergoing elective surgery, although the evidence is somewhat limited and there is a requirement for more prospective randomized controlled trials to implement their role into standard practice or guidelines.
Postoperative Weightlifting Restrictions Following Elbow Arthroplasty: A Survey of Italian Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Members
Authors: De Crescenzo Angelo , Bellato Enrico , D’Ambrosi Riccardo , Bullitta Gianluca , Cecere Antonio Benedetto , Corona Katia , Fogliata Valentina , Micheloni Gian Mario , Saccomanno Maristella Francesca , Vitullo Fabrizio , Celli Andrea , Garofalo Raffaele ,   SICSeG (Italian Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery) Research Committee
Published: February 2025

Background: Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) has evolved over time from a salvage procedure to a successful treatment of end-stage primary and secondary arthritis. However, the aseptic loosening and the associated reduced survival rate are still concerning. Thus, TEA is typically contraindicated in young and active patients where high-demand activities would promote aseptic loosening. For this reason, postoperative weightlifting limitations are often suggested, yet there is no consensus. The aim of this survey was to collect and analyze the current practice concerning the weightlifting restrictions following elbow arthroplasties among members of the Italian Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (Società Italiana Chirurgia Spalla e Gomito, SICSeG). Methods: An online survey on the lifting restrictions after elbow arthroplasties was submitted to all members of the SICSeG. Results: In total, 36 members of the Italian society completed the survey. Only five consultants (13.8%) have experience with all the implants analyzed, of whom only three have experience with more than 10 implants per year. Concerning the comprehensive number of elbow arthroplasties performed per year, most of the respondents (45.7%) reported fewer than five surgeries per year, whereas only two surgeons claimed more than 20 procedures. Of the 36 respondents, 32 (88.9%) reported lifelong lifting limitations after linked TEA. In detail, these lifting restrictions were 10 lb in 14 responders (38.9%) and 5 lb in 15 responders (41.7%) performing linked TEA. A lifelong lifting limitation gradually decreased after unlinked TEA and hemiarthroplasty (HA) being advised by 82.8% (24/36) and 64.5% (20/36), respectively. Conclusions: To increase implant longevity, most Italian surgeons advise lifting restrictions after TEA. More than 80% of the responders agreed with suggesting lifelong limitations, but a greater variability was found in the amount of weight to which the patients are restricted. Currently, the lack of consensus on the optimal weightlifting restrictions after elbow replacements emphasizes the need for more studies focusing on elbow joint loading during different activities of daily life to improve implant survival rates.
Effects of Global Postural Re-Education Versus Specific Therapeutic Exercises on Pain, Head Posture, and Pain-Related Psychosocial Factors in Women with Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Fernandes Tânia , Vila-Chã Carolina , Polo-Ferrero Luis , Martín-Vallejo Javier , Puente-González Ana Silvia , Méndez-Sánchez Roberto
Published: February 2025

Background: The aim of this trial is to compare the effects of two types of exercises, Global Postural Re-education versus specific therapeutic exercises on pain perception, pain threshold to pressure, psychosocial factors associated with pain, and craniocervical posture in women with chronic nonspecific neck pain. Methods: This study is a randomized, parallel-group, single-blind clinical trial. Fifty-two women with chronic nonspecific neck pain (two excluded) were recruited and randomly assigned to (n = 25) Global Postural Re-education and (n = 25) specific therapeutic exercises. Interventions were carried out for 4 weeks, two sessions per week, and were combined with a daily home exercise program. Numerical Pain Rating Scale, mechanosensitivity to pressure, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, and craniocervical angle were assessed in two pre-intervention assessments, one week apart, and at 2 and 4 weeks after the start of the intervention. Results: Global Postural Re-education was as effective as specific therapeutic exercises, showing improvements in all variables assessed with significant intra-group differences over time and high effect sizes (ŋp2 > 0.157 for all variables). Conclusions: Global Postural Re-education is as effective as a specific therapeutic exercise program in reducing subjective pain perception, local and remote mechanosensitivity, and short-term pain-related psychosocial factors in women with chronic nonspecific neck pain.
Efficacy and Safety of Early Mobilization and Factors Associated with Rehabilitation After Stroke—Review
Authors: Filipska-Blejder Karolina , Jaracz Krystyna , Ślusarz Robert
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Knowledge about the safety and effectiveness of early post-stroke mobilization and its correlation with various factors is necessary to select an appropriate rehabilitation program and reduce the time of convalescence. Understanding the above processes will help to effectively lower the economic burden. Thus, we conducted a review to assess the safety and effectiveness of early post-stroke rehabilitation and the impact of various factors on the course of therapy. Methods: The analysis included publications meeting the inclusion criteria published in the years 2015–2024 in Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and PubMed. Finally, 12 studies were qualified for the review. The study group ranged from 37 to 2325 people. Results: The results of studies on early stroke mobilization indicate possible benefits, including reduced time of hospitalization and faster achievement of higher functional scores. It has been shown that the important factors correlating with the effectiveness of therapy include: rehabilitation intensity, age, functional status before the stroke, depression, social support, lesion location, lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, cognitive disorder, dysphagia, and lower limb spasticity. Conclusions: There is a strong need for research into post-stroke rehabilitation to speed up recovery times and reduce the economic burden on the country. Current research findings on the efficacy and safety of early rehabilitation are inconsistent. There is a strong need for international guidelines.