bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Neuroimaging for the Prediction of Hemorrhagic Transformation after Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yang Miaomiao , Tang Lisha , Hu Zhiping , Tang Xiangqi
Published: June 2022

Background: Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity, disability, and mortality worldwide. Currently, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the main intravenous thrombolysis agent for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke within 4.5 h after onset. Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is the most serious complication of intravenous thrombolysis, which can significantly aggravate clinical poor prognosis. Therefore, it is important to early predict the risk of post-thrombolysis HT in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Summary: Recently, several studies have reported that neuroimaging techniques have potential value in predicting HT after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The corresponding neuroimaging parameters may be effective predictors of HT after intravenous thrombolysis. In this review, we summarized and discussed the application of neuroimaging techniques and related parameters in predicting HT after intravenous thrombolysis. Key Messages: Recognizing and understanding the predictive performance of neuroimaging parameters for HT may help assess the risk of HT after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke and make an appropriate treatment decision.
How the Availability of Anti-C5a Agents Could Change the Management of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Roccatello Dario , Fenoglio Roberta , Oddone Valentina , Sciascia Savino
Published: June 2022

Background: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a cluster of potentially life-threatening disorders, often involving the kidney with a necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis with scanty deposition of immunoglobulins and complement. Historically the role of complement has been considered ancillary. Recently, an anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) AAV model in complement-deficient mice has shown an involvement for the complement cascade in the development of the renal injuries. Further animal studies showing that in contrast to mice deficient for factor B and C5 animals deficient for C4 were susceptible to AAV development by injection of anti-MPO antibodies emphasized the specific involvement of the alternative pathway. Consonantly, the C5a receptor (Cd88) blockade was found to protect mice from MPO-AAV. CCX168, i.e., avacopan, a powerful inhibitor of C5a receptor that can be administered orally, was shown to reduce the proinflammatory effects of C5a and abolish the activation of neutrophils, their migration and adherence to endothelium, and the vascular endothelial cell retraction that increases permeability. Summary: Avacopan was found to be safe in healthy volunteers given a wide range of doses in a phase 1 clinical trial. The phase 2 trial CLEAR assessed the possibility to decrease dose or entirely replace glucocorticosteroids in the standard-of-care therapy of AAV. Avacopan, added to CYC or RTX either in combination with GCs or not, shortened the time to remission in patients with either newly diagnosed or relapsing AAV. The phase 3 ADVOCATE study compared the ability of an avacopan-associated regimen to induce and sustain remission in AAV patients versus a conventional GC-associated scheme. Remission at week 26 was observed in 72.3% of patients given avacopan and in 70.1% of those given prednisone. Sustained remission at week 52 (second primary endpoint) was obtained in 65.7% of patients given avacopan and in 54.9% receiving prednisone. The avacopan-associated regimen was noninferior at week 26 and superior at week 52 in sustaining remission as compared to the GC-based scheme. Key Messages: The results of the ADVOCATE trial opened new prospects for the treatment of AAV and also other immune-mediated diseases with renal involvement. The possible position of avacopan in a routine clinical setting and its possible indications in specific subsets of patients with AAV are extensively discussed.
Underuse of Catheter Ablation as First‐Line Therapy for Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Hollanda Oliveira Lucas , Viana Mateus dos Santos , Luize Christian Moreno , de Carvalho Ricardo Sobral , Cirenza Claudio , de Oliveira Dietrich Cristiano , Correia Luis Claudio , das Virgens Claudio , Medeiros Filgueiras Juliana , Barreto Mauricio , Porto Emerson , Coutinho Enia , de Paola Ângelo
Published: June 2022

Background

Catheter ablation (CA) is a safe, effective, cost‐effective technique and may be considered a first‐line strategy for the treatment of symptomatic supraventricular tachycardias (SVT). Despite the high prospect of cure and the recommendations of international guidelines in considering CA as a first‐line treatment strategy, the average time between diagnosis and the procedure may be long. The present study aims to evaluate predictors related to non‐referral for CA as first‐line treatment in patients with SVT.

Methods and Results

The model was derived from a retrospective cohort of patients with SVT or ventricular pre‐excitation referred for CA in a tertiary center. Clinical and demographical features were used as independent variables and non‐referral for CA as first‐line treatment the dependent variable in a stepwise logistic regression analysis. Among 20 clinical‐demographic variables from 350 patients, 10 were included in initial logistic regression analysis: age, women, presence of pre‐excitation on ECG, palpitation, dyspnea and chest discomfort, number of antiarrhythmic drugs before ablation, number of concomitant symptoms, symptoms’ duration and evaluations in the emergency room due to SVT. After multivariable adjusted analysis, age (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% CI 1.01–1.32;
P
=0.04), chest discomfort during supraventricular tachycardia (OR, 2.7; CI 1.6–4.7;
P
<0.001) and number of antiarrhythmic drugs before ablation (OR, 1.8; CI 1.4–2.3;
P
<0.001) showed a positive independent association for non‐referral for CA as SVT first‐line treatment.

Conclusions

The independent predictors of non‐referral for CA as first‐line treatment in our logistic regression analysis indicate the existence of biases in the decision‐making process in the referral process of patients who would benefit the most from catheter ablation. They very likely suggest a skewed medical decision‐making process leading to catheter ablation underuse.
p53‐Dependent Mitochondrial Compensation in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Chen Xiaonan , Lin Hao , Xiong Weiyao , Pan Jianan , Huang Shuying , Xu Shan , He Shufang , Lei Ming , Chang Alex Chia Yu , Zhang Huili
Published: June 2022

Background

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for 50% of patients with heart failure. Clinically, HFpEF prevalence shows age and gender biases. Although the majority of patients with HFpEF are elderly, there is an emergence of young patients with HFpEF. A better understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanism is urgently needed. Here, we aimed to determine the role of aging in the pathogenesis of HFpEF.

Methods and Results

HFpEF dietary regimen (high‐fat diet + Nω‐Nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) was used to induce HFpEF in wild type and telomerase RNA knockout mice (second‐generation and third‐generation telomerase RNA component knockout), an aging murine model. First, both male and female animals develop HFpEF equally. Second, cardiac wall thickening preceded diastolic dysfunction in all HFpEF animals. Third, accelerated HFpEF onset was observed in second‐generation telomerase RNA component knockout (at 6 weeks) and third‐generation telomerase RNA component knockout (at 4 weeks) compared with wild type (8 weeks). Fourth, we demonstrate that mitochondrial respiration transitioned from compensatory state (normal basal yet loss of maximal respiratory capacity) to dysfunction (loss of both basal and maximal respiratory capacity) in a p53 dosage dependent manner. Last, using myocardial‐specific p53 knockout animals, we demonstrate that loss of p53 activation delays the development of HFpEF.

Conclusions

Here we demonstrate that p53 activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of HFpEF. We show that short telomere animals exhibit a basal level of p53 activation, mitochondria upregulate mtDNA encoded genes as a mean to compensate for blocked mitochondrial biogenesis, and loss of myocardial p53 delays HFpEF onset in high fat diet + Nω‐Nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride challenged murine model.
Pyruvate Kinase M2 Protects Heart from Pressure Overload‐Induced Heart Failure by Phosphorylating RAC1
Authors: Ni Le , Lin Bowen , Hu Lingjie , Zhang Ruoyu , Fu Fengmei , Shen Meiting , Yang Jian , Shi Dan
Published: June 2022

Background

Heart failure, caused by sustained pressure overload, remains a major public health problem. PKM (pyruvate kinase M) acts as a rate‐limiting enzyme of glycolysis. PKM2 (pyruvate kinase M2), an alternative splicing product of PKM, plays complex roles in various biological processes and diseases. However, the role of PKM2 in the development of heart failure remains unknown.

Methods and Results

Cardiomyocyte‐specific
Pkm2
knockout mice were generated by crossing the floxed
Pkm2
mice with α‐MHC (myosin heavy chain)‐Cre transgenic mice, and cardiac specific
Pkm2
overexpression mice were established by injecting adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 system. The results showed that cardiomyocyte‐specific
Pkm2
deletion resulted in significant deterioration of cardiac functions under pressure overload, whereas
Pkm2
overexpression mitigated transverse aortic constriction‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and improved heart functions. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that PKM2 acted as a protein kinase rather than a pyruvate kinase, which inhibited the activation of RAC1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein)‐MAPK (mitogen‐activated protein kinase) signaling pathway by phosphorylating RAC1 in the progress of heart failure. In addition, blockade of RAC1 through NSC23766, a specific RAC1 inhibitor, attenuated pathological cardiac remodeling in
Pkm2
deficiency mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction.

Conclusions

This study revealed that PKM2 attenuated overload‐induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, which provides an attractive target for the prevention and treatment of cardiomyopathies.
Delayed Infiltration of Peripheral Monocyte Contributes to Phagocytosis and Transneuronal Degeneration in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Park Keun Woo , Ju Hyunwoo , Kim Il-doo , Cave John W. , Guo Yang , Wang Wei , Wu Zhuhao , Cho Sunghee
Published: June 2022

Background:

Mononuclear phagocytes, including monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and microglia, contribute to infarct development as well as tissue repair in the postischemic brain. Here, we identify the origin and function of MDMs in the brain during poststroke repair processes.

Methods:

Adult mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Longitudinal brain atrophy and secondary degeneration were evaluated during acute to recovery phases of stroke. Adoptive transfer of GFP+ splenocytes into asplenic mice was used to distinguish MDMs from resident microglia. Fluorescence beads were injected into stroked animals to examine phagocytic function.

Results:

Progressive atrophy and neuronal degeneration in remote regions were observed in chronic stroke, which also was accompanied by MDM infiltration into the ipsilateral hemisphere. Compared with microglia, MDMs had significantly higher phagocytic activity. MDM trafficking and phagocytosis was spatiotemporally regulated with acute and prolonged infiltration into infarcted tissue, as well as delayed entry in remote areas such as the thalamus and substantia nigra.

Conclusions:

The stepwise and long-lasting involvement of MDMs at multiple poststroke stages shows that MDMs have a role in progressive stroke-induced injury and repair processes. These findings suggest that manipulating monocyte entry at different stroke stages may be an effective immune-based strategy to limit injury propagation in chronic stroke.
Reflections of the Real
Authors: Privitelli Giulia
Published: June 2022

In this paper, Caravaggio’s painting of The Beheading of St John the Baptist located in the Oratory of the Co-Cathedral of St John the Baptist, in Valletta, Malta, will serve as a backdrop to qualify and analyze the religious and aesthetic experiential value that such an artwork could generate within the beholder, by considering its eschatological and soteriological implications and context, as well as the notion of ‘image as mirror’ and its effect on the viewer’s consciousness. This will primarily be discussed across two binaries: early seventeenth-century Hospitaller spirituality and the precarious condition of the artist, himself a novice of the Hospitaller Order of St John the Baptist. Guided by the changing artistic, didactic, and functional uses of the Oratory, and the theological implications of the painting, the Beheading will thus be analyzed in its affordance for both transcendental and self-reflective revelation, and as a turning point for the aspiring novice, the artist and, ultimately, the contemporary beholder.
The erection of a new genus, Neotegorhynchus n. g. (Palaeacanthocephala, Illiosentidae), with a redescription of Neotegorhynchus cyprini n. comb. from Cyprinus carpio from the Yangtze River basin, China
Authors: LISITSYNA OLGA , XI BING-WEN , OROSOVÁ MARTINA , BARČÁK DANIEL , OROS MIKULÁŠ
Published: June 2022

The present paper summarizes acanthocephalan parasites of the family Illiosentidae Golvan, 1960, collected from the intestine of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from Taihu Lake in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 21 acanthocephalan specimens were found in 6 carps (prevalence of 35%). All the studied specimens were assigned to the family Illiosentidae based on the family-specific morphology of the worms and the presence of 8 cement glands in the males. However, the specimens recently found in common carp differed from all 14 extant genera of the family Illiosentidae in the structure of the reproductive system of both sexes, i.e. i) a vagina lacking a muscular sphincter; ii) the presence of a terminally pointed protruding tail end in the form of a dome with a muscular base; iii) the female genital muscles are fan-shaped cells, each of which has a nucleus and is not attached to the anterior wall of the body; iv) the muscular lip of the bursa of males repeats the curved shape of the posterior end of females, which en copula allows the lip of the bursa to seal to the posterior end of the female. Morphologically Neotegorhynchus n. g. is closest to the genus Tegorhynchus, but differs from it, in addition above features in i) the terminal position of the genital pores of females without a hollow genital vestibule and without a transverse cleft connected to the dorsal terminal genital pore, as in Tegorhynchus brevis; ii) cerebral ganglion at the border of the anterior and middle third of the proboscis vessel; iii) spherical cement reservoir. Molecular studies confirmed Neotegorhynchus n. g. as belonging to the family Illiosentidae, showing less than 98.9% sequence similarity in SSU rDNA and 81.8% in COI with the genus Dentitruncus. Therefore, a new acanthocephalan genus, Neotegorhynchus n. g., is erected, and Neotegorhynchus cyprini n. comb. is designated as the type species and its neotype.
The jumping spider genus Papuaneon Maddison, 2016 (Araneae: Salticidae) in Australia
Authors: RICHARDSON BARRY J.
Published: June 2022

The description of the monotypic genus Papuaneon Maddison, 2016 was based on two specimens of Papuaneon tualapa Maddison, 2016 from Papua New Guinea. This species, plus five new species, namely Papuaneon eungella n. sp., Papuaneon eurobodalla n. sp., Papuaneon ewingar n. sp., Papuaneon tapin n. sp. and Papuaneon werrikimbe n. sp., are described from eastern Australia. These species occur serially down the east coast of Australia from Cape York to Tasmania.
Acceleration of Tropical Cyclone Development by Cloud-Radiative Feedbacks
Authors: Wing Allison A.
Published: June 2022

A complete understanding of the development of tropical cyclones (TC) remains elusive and forecasting TC intensification remains challenging. This motivates further research into the physical processes that govern TC development. One process that has, until recently, been under-investigated is the role of radiation. Here, the importance of radiative feedbacks in TC development and the mechanisms underlying their influence is investigated in a set of idealized convection-permitting simulations. A TC is allowed to form after initialization from a mesoscale warm, saturated bubble on an f plane, in an otherwise quiescent and moist neutral environment. Tropical storm formation is delayed by a factor of 2 or 3 when radiative feedbacks are removed by prescribing a fixed cooling profile or spatially homogenizing the model-calculated cooling profiles. The TC’s intensification rate is also greater when longwave radiative feedbacks are stronger. Radiative feedbacks in the context of a TC arise from interactions between spatially and temporally varying radiative heating and cooling (driven by the dependence of radiative heating and cooling rate on clouds and water vapor) and the developing TC (the circulation of which shapes the structure of clouds and water vapor). Further analysis and additional mechanism denial experiments pinpoint the longwave radiative feedback contributed by ice clouds as the strongest influence. Improving the representation of cloud-radiative feedbacks in forecast models, therefore, has the potential to yield critical advancements in TC prediction.

Significance Statement

Our understanding of the development of tropical cyclones, hurricanes, and typhoons is incomplete, and, thus, forecasting tropical cyclone formation and intensification remains challenging. This study investigates the importance of interactions between clouds and solar and infrared radiation for tropical cyclone development. I find that in idealized convection-permitting simulations, tropical cyclone development is accelerated by a factor of 2 or more with the inclusion of these cloud–radiation feedbacks. The interaction of ice clouds associated with strong thunderstorms with infrared radiation has the biggest effect. These results indicate that improving the representation of ice clouds and their radiative feedbacks in forecast models has the potential to yield critical advancements in tropical cyclone prediction.
The Vertical Profile of Radiative Cooling and Lapse Rate in a Warming Climate
Authors: Hartmann Dennis L. , Dygert Brittany D. , Blossey Peter N. , Fu Qiang , Sokol Adam B.
Published: June 2022

The vertical profile of clear-sky radiative cooling places important constraints on the vertical structure of convection and associated clouds. Simple theory using the cooling-to-space approximation is presented to indicate that the cooling rate in the upper troposphere should increase with surface temperature. The theory predicts how the cooling rate depends on lapse rate in an atmosphere where relative humidity remains approximately a fixed function of temperature. Radiative cooling rate is insensitive to relative humidity because of cancellation between the emission and transmission of radiation by water vapor. This theory is tested with one-dimensional radiative transfer calculations and radiative–convective equilibrium simulations. For climate simulations that produce an approximately moist adiabatic lapse rate, the radiative cooling profile becomes increasingly top-heavy with increasing surface temperature. If the temperature profile warms more slowly than a moist adiabatic profile in midtroposphere, then the cooling rate in the upper troposphere is reduced and that in the lower troposphere is increased. This has important implications for convection, clouds, and associated deep and shallow circulations.
The Benefits of Local Anesthesia Used in Mastectomy Without Reconstruction
Authors: Sarcon Aida K. , Zhang Wenxia , Degnim Amy C. , Johnson Rebecca L. , Harmsen William S. , Glasgow Amy E. , Jakub James W.
Published: June 2022

Background

The opioid epidemic has driven renewed interest in local anesthesia to reduce postoperative opioid use. Our objective was to determine if local anesthesia decreased hospital pain scores, oral morphine equivalents (OME), length of stay (LOS), and nausea/vomiting.

Methods

Single institution retrospective study of females who underwent mastectomy without reconstruction.

Results

Overall, 712 patients were included; 63 (8.8%) received bupivacaine (B), 512 (72%) liposomal bupivacaine (LB), and 137 (19%) no local. 95% were discharged on POD1. Liposomal bupivacaine use increased from 2014 to 2019. Additional factors associated with use of local regimen were surgeon and extent of axillary surgery. Fewer patients used postop opioids during their hospital stay if any local was used compared to none (76 vs 88%; 0.003). Compared to none, local had shorter mean PACU LOS (95 vs 87 min; P = .02), lower mean intraoperative-OME (96 vs 106; P < .001), and lower mean postoperative OME/hr (1.4 vs 1.8 P = .001). Multivariable analysis (MVA) showed lower OME/hr with LB compared to B and none ( P = .002); this translates to 22 mg and 30 mg of oxycodone in a 24-hr period, respectively. MVA showed lower POD1 pain scores with LB relative to none ( P = .049). Local did not impact nausea/emesis.

Conclusion

Local anesthesia was superior to no local in several measures. However, a consistent benefit of a specific local anesthetic agent was not demonstrated (LB vs B). A prospective study is warranted to determine the optimal local regimen for this cohort and further inform clinical relevance.
‘Weaponized volunteering’ and re-considering the volunteering-weaponization divide
Authors: Shachar Itamar Y , Gazit Nir , Grassiani Erella
Published: June 2022

This introductory chapter to the monograph issue Weaponized Volunteering explicates and situates the theoretical and conceptual problems the collection addresses. It defines the concept of ‘weaponized volunteering’ and analyzes its importance for understanding the relations between contemporary trends of moralization and militarization or securitization. It does so by providing a brief genealogy of the concept of ‘volunteering’ and the rising public interest in it since the 1990s, with the upsurge of neoliberal transformations and a post-political public sphere. The introduction then continues to review changing ideas in the literature concerning civil–military relationships and also concerning the entanglement of what is considered civil and what falls under non-military ‘security’ domains. It then connects both themes to explain the value of the concept of ‘weaponized volunteering’. Finally, the introduction explores how the various articles in this monograph issue contribute to understanding how moralization and militarization, civic volunteerism, and securitization are increasingly entangled, and reinforce each other.
Empathy in research process: Study of women in sex work in India
Authors: Subramaniam Mangala
Published: June 2022

The reflexive approach to explaining the process of data collection entails recognizing the delicate balance between being ethical and having empathy for participants, particularly vulnerable populations, whose life experiences may differ from those of the researcher. Conveying and displaying empathy is emotion work that can be a strain on the researcher because of the tenuous connection between relating to the narrative of the participant and maintaining confidentiality and remaining ethical. Drawing from research on women sex workers in India, I examine the research process, particularly empathy as emotion work that is involved in the interview conversations. Contributing to the area of qualitative research methods, I discuss the implications of the researcher’s emotion work noting that it may ease and diminish the differential power between the researcher and the researched, but it is not eliminated.
Social selectivity and gender-segregation across fields of study: Comparative evidence from Austria
Authors: Lessky Franziska , Nairz Erna , Wurzer Marcus
Published: June 2022

This study explores stratification within the Austrian university system by focusing on social selectivity and gender-segregation across fields of study. We investigate how much the choice of field of study is associated with parental educational background and the gender of the students—especially, how these characteristics vary across individual (teaching) subjects. Teacher training is often regarded as typically chosen by women and preferred by so-called educational climbers. However, previous studies focus on clusters of fields of study and do not take into account the differences between individual (teaching) subjects. We address this research gap by focusing on a comparison between those who have chosen to undergo a teaching program in a specific subject and those who have studied this specific subject without pedagogical training. By using administrative data from first-year students at Austrian state universities ( N = 23,400) in 2016–2017, and applying logistic regression analysis, the results demonstrate that in almost all analyzed fields of study, similar patterns of gender-segregation according to the choice of fields of study can be observed, regardless of whether it concerns a teacher training subject or a corresponding equivalent academic subject. Educational climbers tend to opt more frequently for teacher training subjects than for their corresponding fields—especially in some of the mathematics-oriented science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects. We contribute to comparative sociological literature by introducing the approach of comparing teacher training subjects to their academic equivalents and revealing a more nuanced picture regarding horizontal inequalities in higher education.
Youth suicide and hospital-presenting suicide attempts: Examination of risk factors for multiple suicide attempts in adolescence
Authors: Tubaş Filiz , Husrevoglu Esen Feyza , Öztelcan Gündüz Bahar , Ünay Bülent
Published: June 2022

Background:

The suicide rate among adolescents around the world has increased rapidly. There are many risk factors for attempting suicide, but not all have been clarified yet. Therefore, it is very important to identify risk factors. This study evaluated adolescents with a history of suicide attempts and their association with chronic diseases. Besides, to check whether they attempted suicide multiple times. Other clinical features related to multiple suicide attempts were investigated.

Method:

This study used a multicentre, retrospective cross-sectional design; 253 adolescents admitted to emergency departments in 2019 for suicide attempts were evaluated.

Results:

Adolescents with chronic disease were at greater risk for both single and multiple suicide attempts and patients had a 6.14 times higher risk of multiple attempts ( p = .013). The likelihood of multiple attempts did not differ according to the presence of somatic or psychiatric disease. Multiple attempters were more likely to poison themselves with their therapeutic drugs ( p = .002).

Conclusion:

When adolescents with a chronic disease present to the emergency services after a single suicide attempt using their therapeutic drugs, families should be informed regarding the potential for further attempts.
Mechanical properties and metallurgical features of two similar endodontic rotary instruments with different heat treatments (FireWire™ and Gold)
Authors: Zanza Alessio , Russo Paola , Di Matteo Paola , Reda Rodolfo , Di Nardo Dario , Gambarini Gianluca , Testarelli Luca
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study was to explain the mechanical differences between EdgeTaper Platinum (ETP) and ProTaper Gold (PTG) determining the transition temperatures and the composition of the alloy of ETP, since no data are present in literature. A total of 130 instruments were selected: 65 ETP F2 and 65 PTG F2. 20 instruments per type were submitted to each mechanical tests. The cyclic fatigue and torsional tests were performed at a pre-set temperature of 35 °C ± 1 °C. During the cyclic fatigue test, Time to fracture, number of cycles to fracture (NCF) and the fragment length (FL) were recorded. During the static torsional, Torque to Fracture (TtF) and FL were recorded. The fracture surface of 5 randomly selected fragments from each test was examined through a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and an EDX analysis was performed. 20 instruments per type were submitted to a bending test The force generated (grams) to bend each was recorded. Recorded data of mechanical and metallurgical tests were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with significance set to a 95% confidence level. ETP F2 showed a higher cyclic fatigue resistance and bending ability than PTG F2, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). PTG showed a higher torsional resistance with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). DSC analysis of 5 samples for each instrument type pointed out that the austenite finish temperature of PTG was higher than the ETP, respectively of 49.99 ± 3.31 (°C) and 38.92 ± 1.75 (°C). EDX analysis confirmed the near-equiatomic composition of the Ni-Ti alloys, with a presence of a third component recognized as rubidium in the ETP samples. ETP showed higher flexibility in comparison with PTG, despite the latter is characterized by a more martensitic characterization. since its Af temperature is higher than the ETP.
Effects of Cultural Ecosystem Services on Visitors’ Subjective Well-Being: Evidences From China’s National Park and Flower Expo
Authors: Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Jinhui , Cai Liping
Published: June 2022

This study proposes a model on the relationship between cultural ecosystem service (CES) and visitors’ subjective well-being (SWB). The model consists of the four constructs of CES, SWB, place attachment, and event attachment, which are developed from literature of multiple disciplines. The model is tested with primary data collected in a China’s national park and its 10th Flower Expo. The results indicate that perceived value of CES has strong direct effect on visitors’ SWB, as well as a serial mediating effect through place attachment and event attachment. Perceived value of CES is an important antecedent of place attachment, event attachment, and visitors’ SWB. When controlling the effect of CES, event attachment exhibits a significant effect on visitors’ SWB, but the effect of place attachment is insignificant. In addition to the proposed model, the study’s findings provide fresh empirical evidence to further understand each of the four constructs and their interrelationship.
Dyadic Associations Between Grandparent–Grandchild Familial Values and Successful Aging: Mediating Role of Quality of Life
Authors: Sajjad Saba , Malik Jamil A.
Published: June 2022

The current study aimed to determine the reciprocal associations between the familial values and successful aging of grandparents and grandchildren and the extent to which quality of life accounts for these reciprocal associations. Data was collected from 270 grandparent–grandchild pairs living together. Actor-Partner Independence Model indicated that familial values of both grandparents and grandchildren showed significant associations with their own successful aging (actor effects), whereas familial values of grandchildren showed significant associations with the successful aging of grandparents (partner effects). Grandchildren’s quality of life mediated the actor and partner effects of familial values on the successful aging of grandchildren; whereas grandparents’ quality of life only mediated the actor effect of familial values on the successful aging of grandparents. These findings showed the interdependence of grandparents and grandchildren while emphasizing the importance of grandparents-grandchildren familial values and quality of life in enhancing successful aging.
Video Performance Feedback and Video Self-Monitoring to Improve Systematic Instruction Implementation for Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Walker Virginia L. , Lyon Kristin J. , Clausen Amy M. , Chen Jie , Smith Heather H.
Published: June 2022

Although special education teachers are expected to implement evidence-based practices, teachers of students with extensive support needs have reported challenges in identifying and implementing effective practices to meet the unique needs of their students. Systematic instruction has been identified as an evidence-based practice for students with extensive support needs and can be used to support students across a wide range of skill domains. We used an experimental pretest–posttest design to examine the effectiveness of two training approaches, video performance feedback and video self-monitoring, on the implementation of systematic instruction among pre-service special education teachers. Overall, both approaches resulted in improved implementation of systematic instruction by pre-service special education teachers and were viewed as socially valid. We present directions for future research and implications for practice in special education teacher preparation.
Association between plant and animal proteins intake with lipid profile and anthropometric indices: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kohansal Atefeh , Zangene Ali , Turki Jalil Abduladheem , Hooshang Hamed , Leilami Kimia , Gerami Shirin , Najafi Maryam , Nouri Mehran , Faghih Shiva
Published: June 2022

Background

Results of studies on the effects of plant and animal proteins on lipid profile are controversial. So we aimed to assess the relationship between plant and animal protein intake with lipid profile and novel anthropometric indices in healthy individuals.

Method

In this cross-sectional study, 236 participants have selected from Shiraz medical centers (Iran) through random cluster sampling. Food intakes were assessed using a 168-items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were measured. Anthropometric indices including a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), buddy roundness index (BRI), and conicity index (CI) were calculated.

Results

In the crude and fully adjusted models, more consumption of plant proteins was associated with TG levels (OR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.95; P = 0.03 and OR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.03, 5.15; P = 0.04). Also, there was a significant direct association between plant proteins and BRI in the curd model (OR = 3.55; 95% CI: 1.32, 9.54; P = 0.01), and after adjusting for age and energy intake (OR = 3.32; 95% CI: 1.21, 9.14; P = 0.01). More consumption of plant proteins was related to higher CI in the crude model (OR = 3.06; 95% CI: 1.12, 8.31; P = 0.03), but not in the fully adjusted model.

Conclusion

We found that a higher intake of plant proteins was associated with a higher TG level, BRI, and CI index. However, more research is needed to confirm these relations and provide the evidence needed to exert these findings into clinical practice.
A pedagogy of ‘public criminology’ as a counter to marginality? Lessons for community sanctions and measures from the Pedagogy of the Oppressed
Authors: Tidmarsh Matt
Published: June 2022

As a subject of study in higher education, criminology has never been more popular; and yet, criminologists occupy an increasingly marginal position within political and media spheres. This marginalisation has arguably been to the detriment of those with lived experience of the criminal justice system, an oppressed class whose number has grown exponentially after several decades of a ‘tough on crime’ consensus on criminality. While much research focuses upon the impacts on imprisonment, an emergent literature has highlighted how individuals experience community sanctions and measures (CSM). This article utilises Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed to accentuate the transformative potential of teaching and learning practises within criminology, and CSM in particular. It applies his writings to the literature on ‘public criminology’, a perspective that aims to render the field more transparent, applied, evidence-based, empowering, and committed to social justice. Drawing from personal reflections as an ‘academic criminologist’ engaged in teaching and research on CSM, the article advocates for a ‘pedagogy of public criminology’ that empowers students, as future criminal justice professionals, with the skills to be public-facing, active, and critical subjects who can make a difference in the lives of individuals subject to CSM.
Venovenous extracorporeal CO2 removal to support ultraprotective ventilation in moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature
Authors: Worku Elliott , Brodie Daniel , Ling Ryan Ruiyang , Ramanathan Kollengode , Combes Alain , Shekar Kiran
Published: June 2022

Background

A strategy that limits tidal volumes and inspiratory pressures, improves outcomes in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) may facilitate ultra-protective ventilation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of venovenous ECCO2R in supporting ultra-protective ventilation in moderate-to-severe ARDS.

Methods

MEDLINE and EMBASE were interrogated for studies (2000–2021) reporting venovenous ECCO2R use in patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. Studies reporting ≥10 adult patients in English language journals were included. Ventilatory parameters after 24 h of initiating ECCO2R, device characteristics, and safety outcomes were collected. The primary outcome measure was the change in driving pressure at 24 h of ECCO2R therapy in relation to baseline. Secondary outcomes included change in tidal volume, gas exchange, and safety data.

Results

Ten studies reporting 421 patients (PaO2:FiO2 141.03 mmHg) were included. Extracorporeal blood flow rates ranged from 0.35-1.5 L/min. Random effects modelling indicated a 3.56 cmH2O reduction (95%-CI: 3.22–3.91) in driving pressure from baseline ( p < .001) and a 1.89 mL/kg (95%-CI: 1.75–2.02, p < .001) reduction in tidal volume. Oxygenation, respiratory rate and PEEP remained unchanged. No significant interactions between driving pressure reduction and baseline driving pressure, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide or PaO2:FiO2 ratio were identified in metaregression analysis. Bleeding and haemolysis were the commonest complications of therapy.

Conclusions

Venovenous ECCO2R permitted significant reductions in ∆P in patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. Heterogeneity amongst studies and devices, a paucity of randomised controlled trials, and variable safety reporting calls for standardisation of outcome reporting. Prospective evaluation of optimal device operation and anticoagulation in high quality studies is required before further recommendations can be made.
‘Theory at the edge of empire’
Authors: Martin John Levi
Published: June 2022

Reed’s intervention in theories of political power is considered, critiqued and continued: we may understand chains of authorization as stretching from sovereign to agent and back again, chains whose links may be called into question and repaired only via Goffmanian performance.
Narrative Identity Anchors the Self During Instability: The Structuring Effect of Cinematic Self
Authors: Dirghangi Shrija , Wong Alexander
Published: June 2022

According to narrative identity theory, narratives underlie a strong sense of self because they unify and integrate identity (McAdams, 2008). Consistent with this, individual differences in cinematic self, how storied people experience themselves (Wong, Dirghangi, & Butner, 2020), positively relate to stronger self outcomes. If narratives provide a robust structure for identity, then the consequences of having a stronger or weaker narrative identity may be particularly evident during instability. Two studies tested the hypothesis narrative identity moderates the relationship between self-instability and sense of self. Significant interactions were observed across university students ( N  =  172) and online adults ( N  =  248), that were consistent across measures of self (self-concept clarity, self-alienation, self-awareness) and stability (stability of self, labile self-esteem), and remained significant controlling for self-esteem. The results support the idea a highly storied identity structures a more robust self than a lesser storied identity and that narrative identity promotes resilience during unstable times.
Raised Pavement Marker Assessments Using Mobile Retroreflectivity Unit Technology
Authors: Oracheff Alexander , Shahin Ali , Holzschuher Charles , Fletcher James H.
Published: June 2022

Currently, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) State Materials Office collects 25,000 lane miles of line-stripe pavement marking (PM) retroreflectivity data each year using RoadVista Laserlux G7 (LLG7) mobile retroreflectivity units (MRUs). The focus of this study was to configure an LLG7 MRU to accurately and repeatably detect and measure the retroreflectivity of in-service Class B raised pavement markers (RPMs) while simultaneously collecting PM retroreflectivity data. At this time, FDOT assesses the quality of in-service RPMs as part of a visual inspection. Currently, there are no standards or devices for mobile RPM retroreflectivity measurements. As these LLG7 MRUs were designed to measure PMs in units of RL (mcd/m2/lux), an additional objective was to derive regression equations that correlate the industry-standard units for RPMs (RI [mcd/lux]) and the RL values collected by the MRU. Through research-based experiments and with coordination from RoadVista, modifications were made to the LLG7 MRU to detect and measure RPM retroreflectivity in relation to RL. Regression equations were derived pertaining to retroreflectivity measurements between a handheld RPM retroreflectometer (RI) and an LLG7 MRU (RL) on in-service RPMs. The results indicate that the modified MRU can be used to effectively assess RPM retroreflectivity in tenth-mile intervals in a highly repeatable manner with an average error in estimated RI of ±13.5% without affecting PM data. Overall, utilizing the modified MRU for statewide RPM assessments is a significant improvement from the current process of visual assessments and allows the FDOT to quantify RPM quality on a network level.
Echocardiographic Characteristics of Cardiogenic Shock Patients with and Without Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Tabi Meir , Singam Narayana Sarma V. , Wiley Brandon , Anavekar Nandan , Barsness Gregory , Jentzer Jacob C.
Published: June 2022

Background

Cardiac arrest (CA) is associated with worse outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). To better understand the contribution of CA on CS, we evaluated transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) parameters in CS patients with and without CA.

Methods

We retrospectively identified CS patients with a TTE performed near cardiac intensive care unit admission between 2007 to 2018. We compared TTE measurements of left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function in patients with and without CA. The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality, as determined using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

We included 1085 patients, 35% of whom had CA. Median age was 70 years and 37% were females. CA patients had higher severity of illness, more invasive mechanical ventilation and greater vasopressor/inotrope use. In-hospital mortality was 31% and was higher in CA patients (45% vs. 23%, p <0.001). Although LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was similar (35% vs. 37%, p = 0.05), CA patients had lower cardiac index, mitral valve E wave peak velocity, E/A ratio and E/e' ratio. TTE variables that were associated with hospital mortality varied, among patients with CA, these included measures of RV pressure and function and among patients without CA, these included parameters reflecting LV systolic function.

Conclusions

Doppler assessments of RV systolic dysfunction were the strongest TTE predictors of hospital mortality in CS patients with CA, unlike CS patients without CA in whom LV systolic function was more important. This emphasizes the importance of RV assessment for mortality risk stratification after CA.
Becoming Secondary Survivors: Exploring the Effects of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence on the Health and Well-Being of Families in Northern Uganda
Authors: Woldetsadik Mahlet A. , Acan Grace , Odiya Okwir Isaac
Published: June 2022

The enduring consequences of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) and its catastrophic effects on the health and well-being of survivors has been well documented. However, there is a dearth of evidence on the impact of CRSV on families of survivors who care for them. The aim of this study was to explore the ripple effects of CRSV on families of survivors living in three post-conflict districts in northern Uganda: Gulu, Lira, and Pader. We present emerging themes from qualitative interviews with 22 family members including parents, siblings, and partners. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated to English, and imported into MAXQDA Analytics Pro 12. We used a modified approach to grounded theory to analyze the data. Our findings show that family members faced multiple challenges as a result of their indirect exposure to survivors that were abducted by the Lord’s Resistance Army. These included negative impacts on their relationship with the survivor, secondary traumatic stress, stigma, and challenges with caring for children born in captivity. Participants also shared coping mechanisms they used to mitigate psychological distress, including focusing on their faith, seeking support from social connections, and memory repression. The interviews revealed that most female participants did not seek formal care because they feared stigma and did not think it would be available for individuals not directly affected by sexual violence. Our findings point to the importance of moving beyond a narrow focus on the impact of CRSV on survivors and health care workers to a broader view of understanding the effects on families, and designing interventions that address their needs. Integrating care for families and other informal caregivers might mitigate secondary trauma, and ensure individuals are emotionally protected and equipped to care for survivors.
Perceived Neighborhood Racial Composition and Depressive Symptoms Among Black Americans Across Adulthood: Evaluating the Role of Psychosocial Risks and Resources
Authors: Thomas Tobin Courtney S. , Huynh James , Farmer Heather R. , Israel Cross Rebekah , Barve Apurva , Robinson Millicent , Leslie Erika Perez , Thorpe Roland J.
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the relationships between perceived neighborhood racial composition (PNRC), psychosocial risks and resources, and depressive symptoms among young (ages 22–35), middle-aged (ages 36–49), and older (ages 50+) Black Americans. Methods: Full sample and age-stratified linear regression models estimated the PNRC-depressive symptoms association and the extent to which it persisted after accounting for psychosocial risks (i.e., neighborhood disorder, other social stressors) and resources (i.e., mastery, social support, racial identity) among 627 Black Americans in the Nashville Stress and Health Study. Results: Living in racially integrated and predominately White neighborhoods was associated with elevated depressive symptoms. While psychosocial risks and resources explained a substantial portion of these associations, patterns varied across age groups. Discussion: PNRC impacts depressive symptoms among Black Americans by shaping psychosocial risks and resources. Findings underscore interconnections between contextual and psychosocial factors, as well as the distinct mental health significance of these processes across stages of adulthood.