bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The global prevalence and ethnic heterogeneity of iron-refractory iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: Fan Shanghua , Zhao Ting , Sun Liu
Published: January 2023

Background

Iron-refractory iron deficiency anaemia (IRIDA) is an autosomal recessive iron deficiency anaemia caused by mutations in the TMPRSS6 gene. Iron deficiency anaemia is common, whereas IRIDA is rare. The prevalence of IRIDA is unclear. This study aimed to estimate the carrier frequency and genetic prevalence of IRIDA using Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) data.

Methods

The pathogenicity of TMPRSS6 variants was interpreted according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) standards and guidelines. The minor allele frequency (MAF) of TMPRSS6 gene disease-causing variants in 141,456 unique individuals was examined to estimate the global prevalence of IRIDA in seven ethnicities: African/African American (afr), American Admixed/Latino (amr), Ashkenazi Jewish (asj), East Asian (eas), Finnish (fin), Non-Finnish European (nfe) and South Asian (sas). The global and population-specific carrier frequencies and genetic prevalence of IRIDA were calculated using the Hardy–Weinberg equation.

Results

In total, 86 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPV) were identified according to ACMG/AMP guideline. The global carrier frequency and genetic prevalence of IRIDA were 2.02 per thousand and 1.02 per million, respectively.

Conclusions

The prevalence of IRIDA is greater than previous estimates.
Epidemiology and outcomes of early-onset AKI in COVID-19-related ARDS in comparison with non-COVID-19-related ARDS: insights from two prospective global cohort studies
Authors: McNicholas Bairbre A. , Rezoagli Emanuele , Simpkin Andrew J. , Khanna Sankalp , Suen Jacky Y. , Yeung Pauline , Brodie Daniel , Li Bassi Gianluigi , Pham Tai , Bellani Giacomo , Fraser John F. , Laffey John ,   on behalf of the CCCC Consortium
Published: January 2023

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and severe complication of both COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and non-COVID-19-related ARDS. The COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium (CCCC) has generated a global data set on the demographics, management and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients. The LUNG-SAFE study was an international prospective cohort study of patients with severe respiratory failure, including ARDS, which pre-dated the pandemic.

Methods

The incidence, demographic profile, management and outcomes of early AKI in patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for COVID-19-related ARDS were described and compared with AKI in a non-COVID-19-related ARDS cohort.

Results

Of 18,964 patients in the CCCC data set, 1699 patients with COVID-19-related ARDS required invasive ventilation and had relevant outcome data. Of these, 110 (6.5%) had stage 1, 94 (5.5%) had stage 2, 151 (8.9%) had stage 3 AKI, while 1214 (79.1%) had no AKI within 48 h of initiating invasive mechanical ventilation. Patients developing AKI were older and more likely to have hypertension or chronic cardiac disease. There were geo-economic differences in the incidence of AKI, with lower incidence of stage 3 AKI in European high-income countries and a higher incidence in patients from middle-income countries. Both 28-day and 90-day mortality risk was increased for patients with stage 2 (HR 2.00,p < 0.001) and stage 3 AKI (HR 1.95,p < 0.001). Compared to non-COVID-19 ARDS, the incidence of shock was reduced with lower cardiovascular SOFA score across all patient groups, while hospital mortality was worse in all groups [no AKI (30 vs 50%), Stage 1 (38 vs 58%), Stage 2 (56 vs 74%), and Stage 3 (52 vs 72%),p < 0.001]. The time profile of onset of AKI also differed, with 56% of all AKI occurring in the first 48 h in patients with COVID-19 ARDS compared to 89% in the non-COVID-19 ARDS population.

Conclusion

AKI is a common and serious complication of COVID-19, with a high mortality rate, which differs by geo-economic location. Important differences exist in the profile of AKI in COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 ARDS in terms of their haemodynamic profile, time of onset and clinical outcomes.
Comparison of high-flow nasal cannula and conventional oxygen therapy for high-risk patients during bronchoscopy examination: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Qin Hao , Jing Guo-Qiang , Tan Wei , Wang Jun , Yin Yi-Nan , Chen Rong-Zhang , Zhang Wei , Li Jie
Published: January 2023

Introduction

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been proven to improve oxygenation and avoid intubation in hypoxemic patients. It has also been utilized during endoscopy examination to reduce the incidence of hypoxia. However, little is known about the effects of HFNC versus conventional oxygen therapy (COT) on oxygenation during bronchoscopy examination via nasal route; particularly, no study has compared the use of HFNC with that of COT at similar FIO2 for patients who have high-risk factors of desaturation during bronchoscopy examination.

Methods and analysis

This randomized controlled trial will be implemented in four academic centers in China. Patients who have high-risk factors including hypoxemia, hypercapnia, morbid obesity, and narrow airway will be enrolled to use HFNC or COT during bronchoscopy examination. In the HFNC group, the initial gas flow will be set at 50 L/min with a fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) at 0.45, if the patient tolerates, the flow can be increased to 60L/min at most, while in the COT group, oxygen flow will be set at 6 L/min via a conventional nasal cannula. After 5 min pre-oxygenation, the bronchoscope will be inserted via the nasal route. Vital signs, oxygenation (SpO2), and transcutaneous CO2 (PtCO2) will be continuously monitored. The primary outcome is the incidence of hypoxemia, defined as SpO2 < 90% for 10 s during bronchoscopy examination, and secondary outcomes include the need for treatment escalation and adverse events.

Discussion

Hypoxia is a common complication of bronchoscopy, our study attempted to demonstrate that HFNC may reduce the probability of hypoxia during bronchoscopy in high-risk patients. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and national and international conferences.

Trial registration

http://www.chictr.org.cn/: ChiCTR2100055038. Registered on 31 December 2021.
The reporting requirements of case reports and adherence of case report reporting guidelines in medical journals: an analysis of the authors’ guide sections
Authors: Taheri Abolfazl , Adibi Peyman , Sabbagh Jafari Mojtaba , Saeedizadeh Marzieh , Rahimi Alireza , Abbasi Alireza
Published: January 2023

Background

Owing to the growth of case reports and changes in the policy of journals in publishing this evidence, the need to standardize them is felt more than before. Therefore, in this study, the authors’ guide of medical journals indexed in the Scopus database that published most of the case reports has been analyzed to identify the reporting requirements and emerging case report types.

Methods

A total of 50 journals were selected from the Scopus citation database (the world’s largest knowledge base) that published most of the case reports. These and the authors’ guideline section on the types and requirements of writing case reports were analyzed by inductive content analysis.

Results

Most of the case reports were published in the fields of dermatology and surgery and general medicine. Reporting requirements in author’s guide are grouped in four categories: (1) reasons for publication or content value, (2) emphasis on the patient consent form and confidentiality, (3) emphasizing the constraints on the word count and limitation, and (4) recommendation for structure and reporting elements. In terms of adherence to the reporting guidelines, 76% of journals do not adhere to any reporting guideline. In addition, 13 types of case reports were identified in these journals, among which traditional case reports, clinical image, letters, and case series were the most widely used formats.

Conclusions

Improving the publication processes of case reports has been left unattended by international organizations. The policies of journals need to become more integrated, and reporting guidelines should be modified or redeveloped to enhance the quality of publications, cover different reporting requirements, and consequently, benefit from the evidence value available in case reports.
Reversible designs for extreme memory cost reduction of CNN training
Authors: Hascoet Tristan , Febvre Quentin , Zhuang Weihao , Ariki Yasuo , Takiguchi Tetsuya
Published: January 2023

Training Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is a resource-intensive task that requires specialized hardware for efficient computation. One of the most limiting bottlenecks of CNN training is the memory cost associated with storing the activation values of hidden layers. These values are needed for the computation of the weights’ gradient during the backward pass of the backpropagation algorithm. Recently, reversible architectures have been proposed to reduce the memory cost of training large CNN by reconstructing the input activation values of hidden layers from their output during the backward pass, circumventing the need to accumulate these activations in memory during the forward pass. In this paper, we push this idea to the extreme and analyze reversible network designs yielding minimal training memory footprint. We investigate the propagation of numerical errors in long chains of invertible operations and analyze their effect on training. We introduce the notion of pixel-wise memory cost to characterize the memory footprint of model training, and propose a new model architecture able to efficiently train arbitrarily deep neural networks with a minimum memory cost of 352 bytes per input pixel. This new kind of architecture enables training large neural networks on very limited memory, opening the door for neural network training on embedded devices or non-specialized hardware. For instance, we demonstrate training of our model to 93.3% accuracy on the CIFAR10 dataset within 67 minutes on a low-end Nvidia GTX750 GPU with only 1GB of memory.
A lived experience response to the proposed diagnosis of terminal anorexia nervosa: learning from iatrogenic harm, ambivalence and enduring hope
Authors: Elwyn Rosiel
Published: January 2023

The ethical approach to treatment non-response and treatment refusal in severe-enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN) is the source of significant ethical debate, particularly given the risk of death by suicide or medical complications. A recent article proposed criteria to define when anorexia nervosa (AN) can be diagnosed as ‘terminal’ in order to facilitate euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide (EAS), otherwise known as medical assistance in dying, for individuals who wish to be relieved of suffering and accept treatment as ‘futile’. This author utilises their personal lived experience to reflect on the issues raised, including: treatment refusal, iatrogenic harm, suicidality and desire to end suffering, impact of diagnosis/prognosis, schemas, alexithymia, countertransference, ambivalence, and holding on to hope. Within debates as critical as the bioethics of involuntary treatment, end-of-life and EAS in eating disorders, it is crucial that the literature includes multiple cases and perspectives of individuals with SE-AN that represent a wide range of experiences and explores the complexity of enduring AN illness, complex beliefs, communication patterns and relational dynamics that occur in SE-AN.
The computational thinking for science (CT-S) framework: operationalizing CT-S for K–12 science education researchers and educators
Authors: Hurt Timothy , Greenwald Eric , Allan Sara , Cannady Matthew A. , Krakowski Ari , Brodsky Lauren , Collins Melissa A. , Montgomery Ryan , Dorph Rena
Published: January 2023

Contemporary science is a field that is becoming increasingly computational. Today’s scientists not only leverage computational tools to conduct their investigations, they often must contribute to the design of the computational tools for their specific research. From a science education perspective, for students to learn authentic science practices, students must learn to use the tools of the trade. This necessity in science education has shaped recent K–12 science standards including the Next Generation Science Standards, which explicitly mention the use of computational tools and simulations. These standards, in particular, have gone further and mandated that computational thinking be taught and leveraged as a practice of science. While computational thinking is not a new term, its inclusion in K–12 science standards has led to confusion about what the term means in the context of science learning and to questions about how to differentiate computational thinking from other commonly taught cognitive skills in science like problem-solving, mathematical reasoning, and critical thinking. In this paper, we propose a definition of computational thinking for science (CT-S) and a framework for its operationalization in K–12 science education. We situate our definition and framework in Activity Theory, from the learning sciences, in order to position computational thinking as an input to and outcome of science learning that is mediated by computational tools.
Comment on “Spatial changes in inclusion band spacing as an indicator of temporal changes in slow slip and tremor recurrence intervals” by Nishiyama et al.
Authors: Williams Randolph T.
Published: January 2023

A recent paper by Nishiyama et al. (Earth, Planets, and Space 73:126) examined syntectonic quartz veins to constrain temporal variations in the recurrence intervals between slow slip and tremor events. The authors claim that by examining the liquid-volume fraction of syntectonic fluid inclusions in the veins, that they can accurately reconstruct pore-fluid pressures (and variations therein) that were operative during faulting at ~ 15 km depth in an exhumed subduction melange. From these observations, the authors infer that large (from lithostatic to hydrostatic) decreases in pore-fluid pressure occurred during faulting, and that these variations drove increases in supersaturation and rapid quartz precipitation over time scales consistent with the repeat times of seismologically observed slow slip and tremor events. Here, I show that Nishiyama et al.’s analysis neglects reasonable uncertainties in pore-fluid pressure reconstruction. When those uncertainties are included, the Nishiyama et al.’s results become ambiguous as to whether any variation in pore-fluid pressure during vein formation occurred at all, negating the validity of many of the subsequent conclusions.

Graphical Abstract
Childhood trauma, perceived stress and anhedonia in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: multigroup mediation analysis
Authors: O'Brien Kathleen J. , Ered Arielle , Korenic Stephanie A. , Olino Thomas M. , Schiffman Jason , Mittal Vijay A. , Ellman Lauren M.
Published: January 2023

Background

Evidence suggests that both childhood trauma and perceived stress are risk factors for the development of psychosis, as well as negative symptoms such as anhedonia. Previous findings link increases in perceived stress to anhedonia in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and depression; however, the role of childhood trauma in this relationship has not yet been explored, despite consistent evidence that it is associated with sensitisation to later stress.

Aims

To examine whether perceived stress mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and anhedonia in a group of youth at CHR as well as in controls (groups with depression and with no diagnosed mental health concerns).

Method

The study used multigroup mediation to examine the indirect effects of childhood trauma on anhedonia via perceived stress in CHR (n = 117) and depression groups (n = 284) and non-psychiatric controls (n = 124).

Results

Perceived stress mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and consummatory anhedonia regardless of group status. Perceived stress mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and anticipatory anhedonia for the CHR and depression groups, but not for non-psychiatric controls. Further, groups differed in the magnitude of this relationship, with the effects trending towards stronger for those in the CHR group.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest a potential transdiagnostic pathway through which childhood trauma contributes to anhedonia across severe mental illness.
Adaptive exit facilitates the evolution of cooperation in the spatial prisoner's dilemma game with punishment
Authors: Wang Wei , He Zhixue , Li Xiaogang , Shi Lei
Published: January 2023

The enforcement of costly punishment can facilitate cooperation. However, it is unclear how punishment would influence cooperation if individuals are free to exit an interaction. In this work, individuals are allowed to exit with a certain probability, which is adaptively adjusted based on the difference between expectations and payoffs. According to simulation results, adaptive exit can significantly improve cooperation even when punishment is weak; moreover, there is an optimal level of aspiration that causes adaptive exit to best promote the evolution of cooperation. Because of reciprocity, cooperative individuals maintain the lowest level of exit probability, allowing the relationship between them to be maintained, and the interaction between cooperative individuals and defectors is affected by adaptive exit processing, which is related to aspiration levels. Results show that cooperation prevails under moderate aspiration levels, because the exit mechanism protects cooperative individuals from exploitation by defectors; however, the exit mechanism does not prevent the invasion of cooperators by defectors when the aspiration level is low. The negative impact of sanctions causes defectors to increase their exit probability, and the exit of the defectors prevents nearby punishers from exploitation as well as reduces the implementation of punishment, thereby easing the punishment burden on the punisher. Therefore, the adaptive exit mechanism helps to eliminate second-order free-riding at a lower aspiration level. The study identifies the significant effects of exit on punishment, and highlights the important role of their association in the evolution of cooperation.
Reorienting English Protestantism
Authors: Ha Polly
Published: January 2023

This special issue seeks to expand the intellectual landscape of English Protestantism over the course of its long Reformation from the early sixteenth through the late seventeenth centuries. England's protracted conflict over its Protestant identity encouraged the diversification of its orientations to sacred texts and religious traditions, stretching it beyond western Europe to the eastern Mediterranean world. The essays examine English Protestant engagement with Hellenic, Hebraic, and Arabic sources and traditions within a wider context than typically explored in existing narratives. They illustrate how English Protestant scholarship reinforced stereotypes, while also prompting self-reflection and inspiring the reconstruction of England's own traditions and cultural assumptions. Expanding English ecclesiastical, theological, exegetical, philological, and cultural interests, the volume calls for a more fluid and “connected history” to understand the full scope of English Reformation thought and its engagement with non-Western churches and traditions.
Edward Pococke (1604–1691), Comparative Arabic-Hebrew Philology, and the Bible
Authors: Mills Simon
Published: January 2023

Edward Pococke is best known to historians today as one of seventeenth-century Europe's preeminent discoverers of Islam. This article explores three less familiar aspects of his work as a scholar of Arabic: his comparative approach to the “Oriental” languages; his interest in the Arabic translations of the Bible; and his study of Judaeo-Arabic biblical criticism. It argues that foregrounding these concerns—developed throughout the course of his long career as Laudian Professor of Arabic and Regius Professor of Hebrew at Oxford—enables Pococke's work to be situated in its more specific theological contexts. In this way, it seeks to look beyond attempts to position Pococke at the origins of a disciplinary history of modern “Arabic studies,” and to understand instead how his scholarship was intertwined with early modern theological disputes—most of all, the debate about the status of the Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible.
Dorsal aorta polarization and haematopoietic stem cell emergence
Authors: Yvernogeau Laurent , Dainese Giovanna , Jaffredo Thierry
Published: January 2023

Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of the aorta microenvironment in the generation of the first haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from specialized haemogenic endothelial cells (HECs). Despite more than two decades of investigations, we require a better understanding of the cellular and molecular events driving aorta formation and polarization, which will be pivotal to establish the mechanisms that operate during HEC specification and HSC competency. Here, we outline the early mechanisms involved in vertebrate aorta formation by comparing four different species: zebrafish, chicken, mouse and human. We highlight how this process, which is tightly controlled in time and space, requires a coordinated specification of several cell types, in particular endothelial cells originating from distinct mesodermal tissues. We also discuss how molecular signals originating from the aorta environment result in its polarization, creating a unique entity for HSC generation.
A member of the claudin superfamily influences formation of the front domain in pheromone-responding yeast cells
Authors: Sukumar Madhushalini , DeFlorio Reagan , Pai Chih-Yu , Stone David E.
Published: January 2023

Cell polarization in response to chemical gradients is important in development and homeostasis across eukaryota. Chemosensing cells orient toward or away from gradient sources by polarizing along a front–rear axis. Using the mating response of budding yeast as a model of chemotropic cell polarization, we found that Dcv1, a member of the claudin superfamily, influences front–rear polarity. Although Dcv1 localized uniformly on the plasma membrane (PM) of vegetative cells, it was confined to the rear of cells responding to pheromone, away from the pheromone receptor. dcv1Δ conferred mislocalization of sensory, polarity and trafficking proteins, as well as PM lipids. These phenotypes correlated with defects in pheromone-gradient tracking and cell fusion. We propose that Dcv1 helps demarcate the mating-specific front domain primarily by restricting PM lipid distribution.
Dynamics of intracellular cGMP during chemotaxis in Dictyostelium cells
Authors: Yumura Shigehiko , Nakano Masaki , Honda Aika , Hashimoto Yuuki , Kondo Tomo
Published: January 2023

Cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP) is a ubiquitous important second messenger involved in various physiological functions. Here, intracellular cGMP (cGMPi) was visualized in chemotactic Dictyostelium cells using the fluorescent probe, D-Green cGull. When wild-type cells were stimulated with a chemoattractant, fluorescence transiently increased, but guanylate cyclase-null cells did not show a change in fluorescence, suggesting that D-Green cGull is a reliable indicator of cGMPi. In the aggregation stage, the responses of cGMPi propagated in a wave-like fashion from the aggregation center. The oscillation of the cGMPi wave was synchronized almost in phase with those of other second messengers, such as the intracellular cAMP and Ca2+. The phases of these waves preceded those of the oscillations of actomyosin and cell velocity, suggesting that these second messengers are upstream of the actomyosin and chemotactic migration. An acute increase in cGMPi concentration released from membrane-permeable caged cGMP induced a transient shuttle of myosin II between the cytosol and cell cortex, suggesting a direct link between cGMP signaling and myosin II dynamics.
How to build a protoribosome: structural insights from the first protoribosome constructs that have proven to be catalytically active
Authors: Rivas Mario , Fox George E.
Published: January 2023

The modern ribosome catalyzes all coded protein synthesis in extant organisms. It is likely that its core structure is a direct descendant from the ribosome present in the last common ancestor (LCA). Hence, its earliest origins likely predate the LCA and therefore date further back in time. Of special interest is the pseudosymmetrical region (SymR) that lies deep within the large subunit (LSU) where the peptidyl transfer reaction takes place. It was previously proposed that two RNA oligomers, representing the P- and A-regions of extant ribosomes dimerized to create a pore-like structure, which hosted the necessary properties that facilitate peptide bond formation. However, recent experimental studies show that this may not be the case. Instead, several RNA constructs derived exclusively from the P-region were shown to form a homodimer capable of peptide bond synthesis. Of special interest will be the origin issues because the homodimer would have allowed a pre-LCA ribosome that was significantly smaller than previously proposed. For the A-region, the immediate issue will likely be its origin and whether it enhances ribosome performance. Here, we reanalyze the RNA/RNA interaction regions that most likely lead to SymR formation in light of these recent findings. Further, it has been suggested that the ability of these RNA constructs to dimerize and enhance peptide bond formation is sequence-dependent. We have analyzed the implications of sequence variations as parts of functional and nonfunctional constructs.
The effect of using chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Żaba Ziemowit , Lisowska Aleksandra , Żołyniak Wojciech , Warzyszak Paweł , Małek Róża , Milczek Maria , Hawranik Izabela , Tomasik Mikołaj , Niski Szymon , Skrzypek Mateusz
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is the most common disease of the musculoskeletal system. It develops in the regulation of the quality and quantity of articular cartilage, which cushions the joint and improves the sliding of the articular surfaces. Chondroitin sulfate being a natural glycosaminoglycan is found in the cartilage and extracellular matrix. The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommends the use of chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

 

Objective: The purpose of our study was to present, based on the available literature, the latest reports on the effect of chondroitin sulfate in knee osteoarthritis

 

Methods and materials: The present study was based on available data collected in the PubMed database and published between 2001 and 2022. The study was conducted by reviewing keywords such as: ,,knee osteoarthritis”, ,,chondroitin sulfate”, ,,treatment” ,,diagnosis”

 

State of knowledge: Joint cartilage is mainly composed of type II collagen, proteoglycans, chondrocytes and water. In healthy articular cartilage, the balance between the individual components is constantly maintained, thanks to which cartilage degradation is accompanied by its synthesis. The reviewed scientific papers evaluated the effect of chondroitin sulfate on pain in osteoarthritis.

 

Summary: We found a large inconsistency between experimental protocols and study results. Therefore, comparing publications evaluating the actual effect of chondroitin sulfate on joint synovial tissues and biochemical markers is challenging. Additional studies are needed focusing on long-term treatment as well as evaluating their potential disease modifying effects.
Is simulation in dentistry able to replace clinical practice? Analysis of students' opinions
Authors: Wójcik Alicja , Pakaszewski Wojciech , Smulewicz Klaudia , Ziomko Bartłomiej , Rusin Bartosz
Published: January 2023

Haptic simulators are technically advanced devices that enable students to learn practical skills without the participation of patients. A survey conducted among students of the Medical University of Lublin showed a higher level of satisfaction while working with haptic simulators compared to traditional phantoms. The respondents indicated as the most important features of Simodont simulators, inter alia, their modernity, realism of work and a wide range of clinical situations that can be practiced on them. With modern simulators, students were more likely to give maximum scores than with traditional phantoms. Research has also shown that haptic devices are friendly to left-handers, who may find it challenging to learn practical skills on phantoms. The respondents showed willingness to take part in subsequent sessions with haptic simulators, justifying their opinion as a good complement to what these devices constitute for traditional educational solutions, clearly stating, however, that they cannot replace clinical practice.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on oral health
Authors: Wójcik Alicja , Pakaszewski Wojciech , Smulewicz Klaudia , Ziomko Bartłomiej , Rusin Bartosz
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic in Poland is from March 2020 to May 2022. During this time, dental personnel were identified as one of the groups with the highest risk of the virus, resulting in a sanitary regime in dental offices. Numerous restrictions and precautions began to generate additional costs, and patient fear avoided visits. Many offices stopped working during the pandemic period. The aim of this study was to examine the impact that the SARS-CoV-2 virus epidemic had on the level of dental care and on changing oral health habits in Poland. The study, which included 312 individuals, showed a significant increase in endodontic visits and extractions and a decrease in conservative treatments and hygienization performed. Despite the withdrawal of the epidemic state in Poland, the intensity of follow-up visits has still not returned to those prior to March 20, 2020, and the fear of the virus has exacerbated the lingering anxiety of many patients to see a dentist.
Персоналізація духу європейської культури та української ментальності у філософії Григорія Сковороди (до 300-річчя з дня народження)
Authors: Штепенко Олександра , Колодний Анатолій
Published: January 2023

Григорій Сковорода (1722–1794) – видатний український філо-соф-просвітитель, життєвий шлях якого постає як цілісна концепція шукання Бога, який є «найвищою премудрістю». Єдиним цілим постають у його вченні Істинна людина і Христос. Шлях відкриття у власному серці «образу Божого» обирається мислителем як спасіння людства глубокою вірою, в якій розмежо-вується дотримання «зовнішніх» обрядів та справжня віра.Центральною куль-турно-філософською універсалією вчення Сковороди є «філософія серця», яка обертається в авторській концептосфері та перегукується з концептом «веселія серця» й образом «округленості» як «омріяного щастя»,пов’язаного з глибокою філософською ідеєю «сродності праці»,на якій побудовано сковородинівський антиклерикалізм. Спектр світоглядних орієнтацій Г. Сковороди є неймовірно широким, що дозволяє вважати його релігійним вільнодумцем. Філософ відходить від орто-доксального християнства, невдовольняється догматизмом і авторитаризмом релігії й прагне раціоналістично структурувати основні положення християн-ського віровчення, дати їм власне морально-етичне витлумачення, розглянути символічний зміст та образи біблійних оповідей. Своє особисте життя філософ мислив як життя мудреця-вчителя, який постійно перебуває у спілкуванні зв’язках з Богом.Важливо,що за Сковородою зміст молитви – це подяка Богові за те, що Він потрібне зробив неважким, а важке зробив непотрібним. Стаття має на меті презентувати читачеві деякі аспекти персоналізації духу європейської культури та української ментальності у філософії Г. С. Сковороди задля тлумачення основних орієнтирів світогляду філософа-гуманіста, розу-міння концептосфери його провідних ідей, роздумів щодо наукової рефлексії, міфів і стереотипів, які оточують постать вченого, та визначення універсаль-ності гуманістичного вчення мислителя як посередника між європейськими культурними цінностями та українською культурною ідентичністю.
Information Density in Decision Analysis
Authors: Hazen Gordon , Borgonovo Emanuele , Lu Xuefei
Published: January 2023

Information value has been proposed and used as a probabilistic sensitivity measure, the idea being that uncertain parameters having higher information value are precisely those to which an optimal decision is more sensitive. In this paper, we study the notion of information density as a graphical complement to information value analysis, one that augments an information value calculation with associated directions of information gain. We formally examine mathematical details absent from its earlier presentation that guarantee information density exists and is well posed and describe its relationship to alternate measures of information value. We present its application in the context of a realistic case study and discuss the associated insights.
Influence of Temperature on the Production of Biochar from Cotton and Castor Feed Stalk in a Pyrolysis Process
Authors: Dobariya U. D. , Gojiya D. K. , Makavana J. M. , Kelaiya S. V. , Gadhiya G. A. , Dulawat M. S. , Vaja K. G. , Chauhan P. M.
Published: January 2023

Among the various applications of cotton and castor biomass, application of biochar to soil is gaining popularity due to increased crop productivity and CO2 sequestration. The slow pyrolysis of cotton and castor stalk at 250-500 °C was investigated in this study to characterize in terms of production of biochar, bio oil, pyrogases and its chemical properties by using batch type Pyrolyser. The biochar showed a general trend of decreasing biochar production and increasing bio oil, pyro gas production, PH, and EC and along with increasing temperature, and CEC decreased with increasing temperature. Out of all the experiments levels the best quality of biochar was found at 500 °C temperature and 180 minutes’ residence time for the chopped cotton and castor biomass as feed stalk.
Sand Mining in India and its Evaluation using Swot Analysis- A Review
Authors: Jain Anima , Dohare Devendra
Published: January 2023

The importance of mining to long-term economic development in developing nations has been a hot topic in recent years. Mining offers enormous potential for local and national output, employment, revenue distribution, and economic growth. Among all minerals, Sand became the most widely used building resource on the earth that is creating the physical foundation of the built environment but the mining industry was unconcerned with the environmental consequences of resource exploitation. A Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) analysis is done in this review article to give proper highlights on the issues and impacts of sand mining that need to be readdressed by mining authorities and by sand mining owners. Sand mining has some economic and social benefits, including the creation of jobs and revenue, as well as the enhancement of the local economy. But after water, Sand is now the second most exploited and exported resource by volume. Its exploitation is wreaking havoc on the environment and provoking political-economic tensions. This article concludes with some suggestions for potential direction of change/ improvement in sand mining in India.
Assessment of Land use and Land Cover Change in Shallabugh Wetland of Kashmir Himalaya using Landsat Tm and Liss Iv Satellite Datasets
Authors: Bashir Ishrat , Lone Farooq A , A Mir Shafat , Beigh Bilal A , A Mir Ikhlaq
Published: January 2023

The increase in human activities has highlighted the need to assess land use and land cover in the Shallabugh wetland using LANDSAT TM and LISS IV satellite datasets over a 28-year period from 1990 to 2018. After ground truthing, the images were visually evaluated on screen and seven land use and land cover classes, viz. macrophytic vegetation, mixed plantation, open water, grazing land, agriculture field, built-up area, and vegetable field, were demarcated using Arc-GIS software. Out of a total area of 2552.62 ha, the maximum area was covered by macrophytic vegetation (33.87% and 32.36%) and the minimum area by vegetable field (0.77% and 1.51%) in both the years 1990 and 2018. Over the 28 year time period, land use land cover pattern showed increase in mixed plantation (2.28%), built-up (86.8%) and vegetable field (96.1%), whereas decrease was observed in macrophytic vegetation (4.4%), open water (10.3%), grazing land (28.6%), and agriculture field (2.6%). These remarkable changes were largely attributed to natural and human activities, viz., siltation, plantation and crop cultivation by local people and the construction of residential houses. Shallabugh wetland plays a role as breeding ground for a variety of waterfowl and serves as an important staging and wintering location for migratory avifauna. Land use and land cover change pose a severe threat to the Shallabugh wetland which is one of the most economically important wetland of Kashmir valley.
Michael Fordham’s Theories of Human Development: An Analytical Psychology Perspective
Authors: Driver Christine
Published: January 2023

This paper examines the work of Dr. Michael Fordham, Child Psychiatrist and Jungian Analyst, and his theories of human development. Starting with a brief overview of Jung’s concept of the self the paper considers how Fordham recognised that the processes of individuation occur from birth and describes how he introduced the idea of a primary self which fuels development through processes of deintegration and reintegration. This paper considers these processes in detail and how they can lead, in optimal circumstances, to ego development, the development of mind in relation to self and individuation. A brief example is given of the dynamics of deintegration and reintegration between an infant and their mother/caregiver. Links between Fordham’s ideas and the development of feeling toned complexes are explored and a brief overview is given of how neglect, abuse and trauma can impede the processes of deintegration and reintegration and lead to splitting and defences of the self. A clinical example is provided to illustrate the impact of neglect on infant development and how therapy can enable further processes of deintegration, reintegration and individuation. Overall this paper considers Fordham’s concept of the primary self and the processes of deintegration and reintegration and examines how these dynamics enable the gradual expression and integration of aspects of the self, the development of mind in relation to self and others, and individuation.
Cyber attacks in healthcare: why they matter and how to defend against them
Authors: Memmi Gérard
Published: January 2023

Professor Gérard Memmi, head of the computer sciences and networks department at Télécom Paris, highlights the potentially severe consequences of cyber attacks in healthcare, with recommendations of how to prevent data theft and reduce the damages of a data breach.
Quotation marks in advanced language acquisition: A reading time experiment on English pure quotation
Authors: Schlechtweg Marcel
Published: January 2023

Quotation marks represent a well-known tool to refer to something in a metalinguistic way. For instance, in the sentence “Gold” is a concrete noun, we focus on a linguistic property of the noun gold rather than, or at least in addition to, its standard denotation, which is, in turn, referred to in a sentence like Gold is a strong metal. While the semantic and pragmatic characteristics of quotation in general and quotation marks in particular are relatively well understood, we know much less about whether and how one uses, processes, and acquires these marks. The present article aims at connecting to and expanding previous research on the perception and production of quotation marks and concentrates on the role quotation marks play in the detection of English pure quotation in advanced readers. We show that quotation marks are relevant in advanced language acquisition, and that individuals benefit from the marks when being exposed to quotational constructions.
Researching relations between hearing Sign Language interpreters and their deaf clients: Methodological considerations on empirical data collection with prelingually Deaf participants
Authors: Maaß Laura Marie
Published: January 2023

The present paper discusses necessary adaptations in research methodology to include Deaf Sign Language users in a survey on Sign Language interpreting. Prelingually Deaf Sign Language users have, on average, lower literacy levels than their hearing counterparts. Many of them disfavour reading and writing texts and prefer to be addressed with, and communicate in Sign Language. The present paper reports on a survey among hearing Sign Language interpreters and Deaf Sign Language users that included qualitative expert interviews and a questionnaire with multiple choice as well as free text answers. In total, the questionnaire was processed by 771 participants, 325 of whom are hearing Sign Language interpreters and 446 Deaf Sign Language users. The paper reports on how the data was collected among the Deaf participants including the use of Sign Language and Sign Language oriented Easy Language Plus in order to meet their communicative preferences. The paper is a contribution to the current efforts in Accessible Communication research to adapt methodology according to the participant’s communicative needs.
Moving towards Regional Anaesthesia for Spine Surgery – Need of the Hour
Authors: Waradkar Samidha , Mehmood Aaliya , Raut Saijyot , Kundnani Vishal
Published: January 2023

Background: In the last few decades, many studies have been conducted on comparison between general anaesthesia (GA) versus spinal anaesthesia (SA) for lumbar spine surgeries and each have reported discrepancies between the two methods of induction with equivalent pros and cons; ultimately failing to state a final conclusive method. With the ongoing COVID pandemic, and the fear of aerosol generation associated with GA; our focus has shifted on regional anesthesia completely, as it is been proven safer and more hassle-free to conduct during these challenging times. Materials and Methods: A similar case study was conducted with 178 patients posted for lumbar spine procedures under the same surgeon. Wherein, 86 received GA and 92 SA. Appropriate statistical analysis was applied to identify differences in blood loss, operative time, time from entering the operating room (OR) until incision, time from bandage placement to exiting the OR, total anesthesia time, PACU time, and total hospital stay. Secondary outcomes of interest included incidence of postoperative spinal hematoma and death, incidence of paraparesis, paraplegia, paraesthesia, post-Dural puncture headache, signs of meningism, urinary retention, and other perioperative complications among the SA patients. Results: SA was associated with significantly lower operative time, blood loss, total anaesthesia time, time from entering the OR until incision, time from bandage placement until exiting the OR. SA was also associated with shorter stay in the PACU, and overall lesser total duration of hospital stay. None of the 92 patients in SA group needed conversion to GA or had an episode of high/complete sympathetic blockade. No incidences of paraparesis or paraplegia, or episodes of persistent post-operative paraesthesia or weakness, Bagai (vasovagal) syncope, PONV, post-op meningism, post-dural puncture headache, spinal hematoma, intraoperative dural Cerebrospinal Fluid leak or post-op fistula, were noted. There were two incidences of failed spinal which were easily managed with a lower dose repeat SA. Overall better post-op analgesia and higher patient and surgeon satisfaction compared to GA was observed. Conclusion: SA is effective for use in patients undergoing elective lumbar spine surgeries and very efficient alternative technique to GA. SA offers efficient OR functioning with decreasing overall operation theatre time and shown to be the more convenient anesthetic choice in the perioperative setting.
Comparison Of Clinical and Ultrasound Examination in Neonatal Hip Screening for Detection of Developmental Dysplasia of Hip-Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kashyap Viveksheel , Reddy Kikkuri Rajeev , Mittal Anmol , Reddy Karri Sandeep , Singhal Richa
Published: January 2023

Background: During infancy, among developmental abnormalities of the hip joint, a broad-spectrum anomaly is developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). To examine this abnormality, no standardized screening protocol is available. Clinical examination is most frequently followed, and in doubtful cases, ultrasound (US) examination is used to confirm the diagnosis. Aims: The present study aims to compare the sensitivity and specificity of clinical to US examination in neonatal hip screening to detect DDH. Materials and Methods: This is a 1-year hospital-based cross-sectional study. Newborns who were referred to the Department of Orthopaedics with suspected DDH and examined by both clinical examination and US examination were included in the study. The Chi-square test and Fisher’s t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of the 75 babies, referred two-thirds were girls. The mean age of the babies was 6.25 ± 3.50 days. The breech presentation was the common risk factor (85.33%) for DDH, and LSCS was the standard mode of delivery. Clinical diagnosis of DDH was positive among babies, more on the left side than the right side. Eight babies (10.67%) were diagnosed to have DDH based on Graf’s test using USG. Among them, 4 (50%) babies had a clinical diagnosis of DDH. The sensitivity of the clinical trial with USG as reference standard was 50% Conclusion: Due to the lower sensitivity of clinical examination, USG screening should be done to detect DDH.
An Uncommon Case of Brucellar Spondylodiscitis: A Case Report
Authors: Priya Padma , Solomon Prince , Nair Shashikala , Mohankumar Poornachandran
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Infective spondylodiscitis refers to simultaneous inflammation of vertebrae and disc and usually occurs through hematogenous spread. The most common presentation of brucellosis is febrile illness, but it can rarely present as spondylodiscitis. Rarely, human cases of brucellosis are diagnosed and treated clinically. We describe a case of previously healthy man in his early 70s who presented with symptoms suggestive of spinal tuberculosis, then diagnosed to have brucellarspondylodiscitis. Case Report: A 72-year-old farmer presented to our orthopedic department with a history of chronic lower back pain. Spinal tuberculosis was suspected at a medical facilitynear his residence, based on magnetic resonance imaging consistent with infective spondylodiscitis, and the patient was referred to our hospital for further management. Investigations revealed that the patient had an uncommon diagnosis of Brucellar spondylodiscitis for which he was managed accordingly. Conclusion: Brucellar spondylodiscitis may clinically mimic spinal tuberculosis; hence, it must be considered as a differential diagnosis in a patient presenting with the lower back pain (particularly in the elderly) and signs of a chronic infection. Screening serological testing is vital in early identification and management of spinal brucellosis.
Rehabilitation of Paraplegia Secondary to Giant cell Tumor of Bone Case Report
Authors: Fizzotti Gabriella , Re Sandro , Varrone Giulio
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Neoplastic patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who commonly present at rehabilitation units exhibit different characteristics from traumatic SCI patients but the rehabilitation results are similar. The aim of this paper is to describe the rehabilitation outcome in a patient with paraplegia caused by giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) located at D11 level of spine. Case Report: The patient was a 26-year-old Chinese man who had a history of back pain complicated by paraplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging (NMR) evidenced giant cell tumor removed surgically. Individual rehabilitation program aimed to recovery walking autonomy was proposed to the patient. Conclusion: A case report recovered a good grade of autonomy in walking function and returned to daily activities.