bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation on Hazardous Area Distribution after Gas Outburst in Coal Uncovering Construction of Hydropower Station
Authors: Li Cheng Wu , Yang Wei , Xie Bei Jing , Cao Xu , Mei Guo Dong
Published: October 2012

The dynamic risk of underground cavities after gas outburst in coal uncovering construction of hydropower station was emphatically analyzed. The tunnel construction conditions in Xiangjiaba hydropower station were taken as an example. Based on the computational fluid dynamics theory and gas outburst theory, this paper used the ANSYS CFX CFD code to model the gas diffusion after gas outburst. The space-time characteristics of underground cavities dynamic risk were analyzed. The results show that the danger area ranges of gas explosion and asphyxia reach respectively the maximum value at about 140s and 50s. The influence range and duration of the former are significantly higher than the latter. The direction of hazardous area movement is mainly consistent with the air flow direction. ANSYS CFX simulation can visually display dynamic risk of underground cavities, and has a good prospect in gas hazard prevention in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering.
Corrosion-Resistance of Ni3Al Intermetallic Compounds Containing Cr Synthesized via Spark Plasma Sintering Process
Authors: Liu Nian , Zhang Guo Dong , Wu Jin Lu , Zhang Fu Ju , Zhang Jian Qiang
Published: October 2012

Ni3Al intermetallic compounds containing Cr was synthesized via Spark Plasma Sintering process. These Ni3Al intermetallic compounds containing Cr have a nearly full density after sintered at 1100 °C for 5 min under the pressure of 40MPa. Microstructure and hardness of these intermetallic compounds was studied through metallograph observation and micro hardness tests. Their formation and strengthening mechanisms were analyzed and discussed in detail. The influence of the chromium content on corrosion resistance of these intermetallic compounds was analyzed by anode polarization curves. Results show that the corrosion resistance of Ni3Al intermetallic compounds is upgraded significantly with increasing chromium content.
Extraction and 3-Dimension Morphology Characterization of Metastable Secondary Phase in Steel
Authors: Wang Guo Cheng , Fang Ke Ming
Published: October 2012

Metastable secondary phase in steel mainly includes sulfide inclusions, rare earth inclusions and nano-scale inclusions or precipitates etc. Many researches indicate that these metastable phases have an important effect on the property of steels. Now, people are going to employ metastable secondary phase to improve the property of steel. Metastable secondary phase in steel usually was studied by metallographic technology in many previous researches because they were destroyed easily by acidic or alkaline reagents during separating from steel. Therefore, the 3-dimension morphology could not be observed through electron microscopes. A method to extract metastable secondary phase in steel using electrolysis technology with organic solution electrolyte is introduced in the paper. Several sorts of metastable phase including MnS, Ce2O3, nano TiN et al are extracted nondestructively by electrolysis with organic solution electrolyte in various steel grades. The 3-dimension morphology, the inside cross-section 2-dimension morphology and composition of these metastable phases are analyzed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), FE-SEM and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Current research results prove that electrolysis with organic solution electrolyte is an accurate and effective method on preparing sample of metastable secondary phase in steel used to electron microscope analysis.
Influence of Sulfide on Oxygen Reduction Reaction in 3.5% Sodium Chloride Solution
Authors: Chen Shi Qiang , Zhang Dun , Wu Jia Jia
Published: October 2012

Different from the corrosion under anaerobic conditions, oxygen (O2) takes part in the cathodic reaction under aerobic conditions. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) have been regarded for many years as strictly anaerobic bacteria, but recently, they are found to be able to survive in the presence of O2, and how they affect the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has not been clear. In this study, the role of sulfide, a key inorganic metabolite of SRB, in ORR has been investigated on Q235 carbon steel electrode with cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Three cathodic processes are recorded on cyclic voltammograms in O2-saturated 3.5% NaCl solution: ORR, iron oxides reduction and hydrogen evolution. The peak current of ORR decreases with the introduction of sulfide, and finally vanishes when the sulfide concentration is more than 0.5 mM. EIS reveals that sulfide leads to the disappearance of the feature of semi-infinite diffusion of ORR and the fitting results demonstrate that charge transfer resistance increases with increasing sulfide concentration. Therefore sulfide hinders the cathodic reduction of O2on Q235 carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution.
High Temperature Deformation Behavior and Corrosion Resistance of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel under Strain Rate of 0.5s-1
Authors: Yang Yin Hui , Li Shao Hong
Published: October 2012

Under strain rate of 0.5s-1, the effect of deformation temperature on flow stress, microstructure and corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) was investigated. The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of austenite phase was enhanced with the deformation temperature increasing from 850°C to 1050°C, meanwhile, the leading deformation mechanism changed from work hardening to DRX. When the deformation temperature was further increased to 1250°C, the dynamic recovery (DRV) of ferrite phase played a leading role. The specimen after deformation at 1050°C exhibited better DRX behavior, which leads to more γ/γ grain boundaries and δ/γ boundaries formation, increasing the occurrence of pitting corrosion, and it presented best corrosion resistance at 950°C.
Research on Technology of Reducing Iron and Steel Consumption in Whole Process of Steelmaking
Authors: Jiang Long Kui
Published: October 2012

Connected features of iron and steel consumption in whole process of steelmaking in PanGang, by reducing the iron loss of desulfurization and vanadium extracting, reducing content of TFe of terminal slag in converter steelmaking, and reducing iron and steel consumption of continuous casting, the iron loss of desulfurization and vanadium extracting is reduced to 5.21% from 5.39%, and the content of TFe of terminal slag is reduced to 19.47% from 21%. Iron and steel consumption in whole process reaches to 1145.45 kg/t steel which is reduced effectively.
Ratio of Magnesium in Prepared High Titanium Ferroalloy with Titanium Concentrate and Titanium Slag by Thermite Reduction
Authors: Ding Man Tang
Published: October 2012

Titanium concentrate and titanium slag were used to prepare high titanium ferroalloy to reduce cost. In the process, the 6-9% of aluminum consumption was replaced by magnesium. The reasonable slag system composition was used. The results indicate that the ferrotitanium of 75% [Ti] and [Al]<4% was prepared.
Research on Separation of Copper-Lead Mixed Concentrate
Authors: Jiang Mei Guang , Liu Quan Jun , Xiao Hong , Yang Jun Long
Published: October 2012

The ore is the oxide ore of Copper lead and zinc, The ore has high Oxidation rate of Pb,nearly 50%. which contains 3.56% of Pb,3.86% of Zn,0.209% of Cu. The flotation flowsheet consisting of the scene is “Part of the mixed flotation—inhibitor Zn and Pb-Cu mix flotation—Zn flotation—Cu-Pb separation”. But the Cu-Pb separation was not effective. After trials, we eventually developed the flotation process--that is once rough concentration、cubic concentration and twice scavenger concentration， the process can obtain copper concentrate which contains 17.87% of Cu,7.63% of Pb,and lead concentrate which contains 2.67% of Cu,53.93% of Pb.
Biooxidation Pretreatment Cyanide Leaching of a Flotation Gold Concentrate
Authors: Zhu Chao , Ge Bao Liang , Lu Zhao Yi , Zhu Wen
Published: October 2012

This study reached a gold ore which contain 3.83g/t gold, to investigate the available gold recover methods, direct cyanide leaching test and “biooxidation-cyanide” leaching process were utilized after enrich gold by flotation. When regrinding the flotation concentrate to 95% -325mm, the leaching rate of “biooxidation-cyanide” leaching reached 94.47%, compare with direct leaching, the leaching rate increased almost 67%. Obviously bacterium oxidation is a useful pretreatment for gold leaching.
The Investigation of Coke Breeze Demineralization on Temperature
Authors: Ning Zhe , Xie Ke Qiang , Ma Wen Hui , Wei Kui Xian , Zhou Yang , Yang Yang
Published: October 2012

The high ash coke breeze was leaching by two-stage chemical leaching. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) were employed to characterize the mineral phase and the element content respectably. More than 80% ash has been removed from the coke breeze by two-stage leaching. The removal of Si and Al was significantly affected by the temperature of alkali leaching. The mineral phase of the result coke breeze is similar to that of the raw ash except with cristobalite and sodium mica.
The Changes of Fibrinolytic Activity of Nattokinase in Artificial Gastrointestinal Environment and Human Digestive Juice
Authors: Zhao Yong Liang , Gu Ya Nan , Wang Wei Guo , Du Ling Guang , Tang Li Chuang , Meng Tian Tian
Published: October 2012

Purpose: To search for the change of fibrinolytic activity of different forms of nattokinase when they were treated in human digestive juice, artifical gastric and intestinal juice differently, and to lay the foundation of a proper pharmaceutical dosage form of nattokinase. To provide direct evidences that Nattokinase products can be administered orally and to screen a suitable dosage form for oral administration of nattokinase.Methods: The non-crushed sample was prepared through the solid fermentation of soybean meal at 37°C for 36 h, and evaporation at 70°C for 8 h, The fine and ultra-fine powder were gotten from the non-crushed sample by the micronizer and ultra micronizer. Nattokinase extract was the supernatant liquid of 0.9% saline of non-crush samples. The nattokinase’s fibrinolytic activity of non-crushed sample, fine powder, ultra-fine powder and extract treated in artifical and human digestive were measured by the Fibrin plate method. Results: Three kind of solid form samples still remain about 80% fibrinolytic activity in artificial gastric juice for 4 h, and the fibrinolytic activity of nattokinase extract is 48.7% at the end of treatment. Treated in artificial gastric juice for 4 hours, then handled in artificial intestinal fluid for 4 h, the final fibrinolytic activity of fine and ultra fine powder is 47.0% and 51.0%. The fibrinolytic activity of extract is 79.8% at the end of treatment in human digestive juice for 4 h. At the beginning of treatment in human digestive juice the enzyme activity of fine and ultra fine powder is 130.8U/mL and 132.1U/mL, however, after treatment for 4 h the enzyme activity is 158.7U/mL and159.6U/mL, which is near to the total enzyme activity of sample. Conclusion: Nattokinase products can be administered orally, and solid preparations of nattokinase are more suitable for oral route. The optimum dosage form for oral administration of nattokinase is enteric-coated capsules containing ultra fine powder.
Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Flowers of Fraxinax sieboldiana by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Rong , Hu Wei Bin , Yang Xiao Hong
Published: October 2012

Objective: To analyse chemical constituents of the volatiles flowers of Fraxinax sieboldiana. Method: The volatiles of bungei were extracted through Headspace solid-phase microextracti, and then the constituents were separated by GC and identified by MS. Result and Conclusion: 22 Compounds were identified. The principal chemical constituents of the volatiles flowers of Fraxinax sieboldiana are Ocimene（44.783%）、α-Tolualdehyde（13.286%）、Linalool(8.816%)、Phenylethyl Alcohol(4.624%)、Benzaldehyde(3.929%)、Cinnamene(3.840%)、α-cis-Ocimene(3.024%)、Farnesene(2.118%)、β-Pyronene(1.673%)、3-Phenylhexane(1.866%)、1,3,8-p-Menthatriene (1.539%)、Formanilide(1.409%) etc,respectively.
Material Performance Data Acquisition and Management System for Welded Pipe Used in the 2nd West-East Gas Pipeline
Authors: Liu Bai Lin , Chen Wen , Li Lei , Xiong Qin Ren
Published: October 2012

To improve the performance data management efficiency of welded pipe used in the 2nd west to east gas pipeline, a distributed performance data acquiring and management system for welded pipe was developed. The system was established by using two-level three-tier Client/Server model. Performance data for welded pipe from different factories was acquired at clients and input to local database. The data then can be analyzed at local, or be transferred to the server through networks for unified storage and analysis. The System has functions as data management, file transferring, standard technology condition management, statistical analysis, figure displaying and statistical analysis report generation, etc. The system was implemented using VC++. Oracle and Access is adopted as database for server and client respectively, XML is as the data encapsulation for transferring file. The developed system plays a significant role in analyzing and evaluating the whole quality of welded pipe, and is useful for pipeline quality control.
Optimization of Steelmaking Process for 200t Converter
Authors: Chen Jun , Li An Lin , Chen Yong , Liang Xin Teng , Zeng Jian Hua
Published: October 2012

To solve the problems appeared in the initial operation period of 200t BOF such as low heating velocity, high TFe content in final slag, severe lining erosion, etc, optimization of steelmaking process is carried out. Metallurgical effects are greatly improved after optimization: slag-forming time is shortened by 0.9min; oxygen consumption is lowered by 1.5 m3 per ton steel; carbon content of aimed molten iron is increased by 0.031% while oxygen activity of which is decreased by 206ppm. TFe content of BOF slag is reduced by 0.84% on average.
Screening, Identification of a Marine Fungal Strain Producing Chitosanase
Authors: Zu Guo Ren , Chen Ming , Zhang Chun Zhi
Published: October 2012

For the production of oligosaccharides from chitosan, chitosanase-producing strains were screened from local marine mud by clear zone formed on the chitosanase-detection agar (CDA) plate. More than 20 kinds of strains with clear zones on the CDA plates were obtained, including bacteria, actinomyces, and fungi. Among them a marine fungal strain N-8 was screened and chosen because of its prominent chitosanase activity. On the basis of the morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of 26S rDNA of strain N-8, the marine fungal strain N-8 was identified as the species Aspergillus flavus strain.
Study on Operating Conditions of Membrane-Aerated Bioreactor
Authors: Liu Xue Jing , Xu Shi Chang , Qiang Cheng Cheng , Li Baoan
Published: October 2012

A membrane-aerated bioreactor (MABR) has the technical feasibility of water treatment. This paper systematically studies the main operating conditions impact on the MABR process of dealing with wastewater to determine the optimum operating conditions, and made the possible implementation of the technology program. The results lay a good foundation for further research and development of MABR treatment process and technology.
Study on the Decontamination by Introducing Microorganism Action in the Process of Using Coal-Gangue Packed for Mine
Authors: Jing Xiao Fei , Chen Yu Long , Chen Hong , Cai Zhi Yong
Published: October 2012

Biogenic gas is an important end-product of methanogenesis in an anoxic environment. Based on the coal, coal-gangue, mine water of Songzao Coal Mine and in the case of adding inoculums, the quantities of gas and the contents of methane are measured by the microorganism action, and also respectively measured fermentation broth and residues by NO3--N, NH4+-N, S2- , SO42-, the values of pH, metals and the organic matter. The results show that coal and coal-gangue are involved in the microbial role; the quantity of inoculums is directly related to the quantities of gas and the contents of methane, at the same time it has a certain degree of impact on the contents of NO3--N, NH4+ -N, S2- , SO42- and metals; besides, because of the microbial anaerobic fermentation, the contents of NH3+ are seriously substandard; overall, the group B which has a smaller proportion of coal-gangue has a less impact to the environment compared to the group A which has a larger proportion of coal-gangue. In the further research into the direction of organic matter and obtaining and using the biogas, we must prevent secondary pollution of groundwater at the same time.
Study on Removing Dissolvable Mn2+ from Manganese Residue by Oxidation at High Temperature
Authors: Zhou Xue Jiao , Xia Wen Tang , Yin Jian Guo , Gao Yi Feng , An Juan , Yang Wen Qiang
Published: October 2012

The removal of dissolvable Mn2+ from manganese residue was attempted using strong reduction at high temperature. The effects of the several parameters which including roasting temperature in range of 750-1050 °C and roasting time range of 60-360 min were investigated. An increase in roasting temperature from 750 °C to 1000 °C for 90 min increased manganese removal rate from 50.79% to 90.48%. But effect of roasting time on the rate of manganese removal was not obviously, just from 90.06% for 60 min to 94.76% for 360 min at 1000 °C.
Process Optimization of Hemicelluloses Lye Extraction from Sugarcane Bagasse
Authors: Wang Li Jun , Liu Xin Liang , Weng Meng Ling , Li Zhou Jun , Wu Fu Sheng , Wang Shuang Fei
Published: October 2012

Sugarcane bagasses were used as raw materials to produce the hemicelluloses, and the effects of temperature, alkali consumption, time and liquid to solid ratio on the extraction yield of hemicelluloses were investigated. Through the analysis of the response surface method, results were concluded that the best extraction process conditions were as follows: NaOH concentration 10.60%, extraction time 4.34 h, solid-liquid ratio 1:40.59, actual extraction rate is 31.486%, corresponding to the model prediction 31.4447% basically.
Novel Biobased Materials from Tung Oil-Based Monomer and Tung Oil-Modified Unsaturated Polyester
Authors: Liu Cheng Guo , Zhou Yong Hong , Hu Li Hong
Published: October 2012

Two kinds of novel biobased materials were obtained by copolymerization of tung oil -based monomer (TOPERMA) or tung oil-modified unsaturated polyester (UPE-TO) with styrene. Mechanical and thermal properties of the two TO-based biopolymers were presented and compared. It was shown that the UPE-TO polymer matrix showed better toughness than the pure unsaturated polyester (UPE) matrix, while the TOPERMA polymer matrix had better thermal stability than the UPE-TO and the pure UPE matrixes by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These tung oil-based polymers show promise as an alternative to replace petroleum-based materials.
Role of Colloidal Silicon Dioxide in Eudragit In-Situ Forming Gel
Authors: Mahadlek Jongjan , Phaechamud Thawatchai
Published: October 2012

Colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil) is fumed silica that has been used as gelling agents, thickening agents and filling agents. The objectives of this study were to characterize the effect of hydrophilic (aerosil 200) and hydrophobic (aerosil R972) colloidal silicon dioxide on physical properties of eudragit gels which N-methyl-pyrrolidone was employed as dispersing medium. The samples were investigated in terms of viscosity, rheology and syringeability. The results indicated that the aerosil 200 and aerosil R972 amount influenced the viscosity, rheology and syringeability of the prepared gels. Viscosity and syringeability of the systems were increased with an increased amount of both aerosils. However, the viscosity and syringeability of the prepared gels containing aerosil 200 were increased higher than that of systems containing aerosil R972. The rheological behaviors of all systems consisting aerosil 200 and R972 were non-Newtonian flow. These studies demonstrated that aerosil 200 and R972 could improve the physical properties of eudragit gels dispersed in N-methyl-pyrrolidone.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antitumor Activities of Cis-Ammine Gallic Acid(cyclohexylamine)Platinum(II)
Authors: Wang Qing Kun , Pu Shao Ping , Li Yong Nian , He Jian , Zhou Li Min , Zhu Ze Bing , Li Xue Jie , Jin Quan
Published: October 2012

In order to obtain a gallic acid platinum complex, the title compound was synthesed from cis-[Pt(Cyclohexylamine)]2I2 by the reaction with NH3, silver nitrate and gallic acid respectively. The complex structure and component were characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-MS, 1H-NMR and IR and the anticancer activity was measured by MTT method. The result showed that its structure was consistent with the title compound and had inhibiting effect on the growth of tumor cell lines in vitro.
Study of Microwave Synthesis of 2 - Hydroxy Phosphono Acetic Acid Process
Authors: Zhang Qiao Yun , Mo Jin Shui , Zhang Guang Xia
Published: October 2012

This research introduced microwave synthesis process of HPAA (2-hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid) which was synthesized from glyoxylate and phosphorous acid. The optimized technological conditions was defined by orthogonal experiment. The mass proportion of phosphorous and glyoxylate was 1:1.2, catalyst mass was 1g, 95°C, 25min, and its yield rate was more than 90%. The molecular structure of product was characterized by IR spectrogram analysis. This method was simple、economical and practical.
Phenolic Foam from Oxidatively Degradated Lignosulphonate
Authors: Hu Li Hong , Zhou Yong Hong , Liu Rui Jie , Zhang Meng
Published: October 2012

High molecular weight lignosulfonate was oxidatively degrdadated into lower molecular weight fractions, the resulting components were conducted to formulate resol resin with phenol and formaldehyde in an alkaline condition, in which 50% phenol was substituted. The modified resol resin was successfully applied to prepare phenolic foam using appropriate combinations of flowing agents. N-pentane was found to be suitable as the foaming agent. Sulphuric acid (50% aqueous solution, w/w) and Tween-80 were used as catalyst and surfactant, respectively. The obtained foams showed satisfactory mechanical properties and excellent uniform cells, which can comply with the required specifications for its practical utilization.
Preparation and Properties of Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates of Cellulase
Authors: Li Bing , Dong Shou Li , Xie Xiao Ling , Xu Zhen Bo , Li Lin
Published: October 2012

A new carrier-free cross-linked aggregates of cellulase (CLEAs-C) via precipitation with ammonia sulfate and cross-linking with glutaraldehyde was prepared. Efficient enzyme activity was obtained when cellulase and glutaraldehyde concentration was 50mg/mL and 3% (v/v) respectively. The cross-linking time and temperature were also important parameters for immobilization. Optimal temperature and pH of the CLEA–C were evaluated. The CLEAs-C displayed good stabilities, after stored at 4○C for 28 days storage, the CLEAs retained more than 80% initial activities.
Toxic Gas Continuity Diffusion Algorithm of Multi-Tanks Based on Meshing Technique
Authors: Wang Hong De , Cui Tie Jun
Published: October 2012

According to the techniques of the mashing and the Gaussian plume modeling, combining all kinds of the factors variation, such as the tanks leak velocity, the leak height, the wind direction and speed, and the environmental stabilization grade, the concentration distributing rules of the toxic gas continuous diffusion in the tank farm are simulated. Firstly, focusing on the central of the tank farm in chemical industrial park, mashes the tank farm as the research units for quantitative analysis and superposition calculation. Secondly, constructs the diffusion concentration distributing model of the toxic gas leak based on the Gaussian plume theory. Finally, by the condition of the single-leak hazard installation and the multiple-leak major hazard installations, the toxic gas continuous diffusion algorithms are studied, viz. in accordance with any of the influence factors variation, carve up the time sections, and then basing on Matlab technique, integrating the concentration superposition effects, simulate the concentrated distribution process of the noxious substance during the influence fields. Taking ammonia gas tank farm leakage as example, the simulation results show that the method may provide technological support for major hazard prevention and control in chemical industry park.
Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Al-Pillared Clays Supported Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Guang Hua , Lu Yun Zhou , Li Wen Bing , Liu Xue Qin , Sun Ming Dong
Published: October 2012

Al-pillared bentonite supported Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation and characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The supported Fe3O4 nanoparticles exist on the surface of clays, with better dispersing and no obvious aggregation than the ones without bentonite support. Batch tests were carried out to investigate the catalytic oxidation Orange II by the obtained heterogeneous catalysts. The effect of pH, temperature and initial H2O2 concentration on degradation was discussed, and the regeneration ability of catalyst was also studied.
Analysis on Crack Propagation Mechanism of Nano-Single Crystal Copper about Temperature Influence
Authors: Li Ge , Zhang Qing Long , Chen Ming , Zhou Lin Yong
Published: October 2012

By molecular dynamics method, the tensile processes of nano-single crystal copper with the type I crack under different temperature were simulated, and the effect of different temperature to crack propagation mechanism was analyzed. The results indicate that the temperature has significant effect on crack propagation mechanism of nano-single crystal copper. While the crack is the intrinsic brittle cleavage extension under low temperature and room temperature, the twin crystal is not easily to generate; whereas, dislocation climb caused twin crystal belt appears near the crack tip under high temperature. With load increasing, the length and the width of twin crystals belt increase gradually, and the existence of the twin crystal belt causes the crack branch change to the extending direction.
Effect of Citric Acid on Electrochemical Properties of Spinel LiMn2O4 Prepared by Solid-State Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Zhou Xian Yan , Chen Mi Mi , Su Chang Wei , Xia Yan , Huang Xiang Zhong , Zhang Ying Jie , Guo Jun Ming
Published: October 2012

LiMn2O4 cathode materials were successfully prepared by solid-state combustion synthesis with the lithium carbonate and the manganese carbonate as raw materials and the citric acid as fuel. The effect of citric acid on composition, microstructure and electrochemical properties of LiMn2O4 cathode materials was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge test. The results indicated that a pure phase of LiMn2O4 was prepared at the product with 5 wt% citric acid. However, an impure phase of Mn3O4 was found at other products. The crystal size distribution was more uniform at the higher content of citric acid. The products with 5 wt% and 10 wt% citric acid, the cubic structure morphologies of which were more prominent, and the capacities of which were higher than that of bare LiMn2O4 product. Their initial discharge speciﬁc capacities were 119.6 mAh•g-1 and 114.0 mAh•g-1, and their capacity retention ratios after 40 cycles were 85.0% and 87.7%, respectively.
Electrochemical and Gaseous Hydrogen Storage Capacities of As-Spun Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Mg2Ni0.6M0.4 (M=Cu, Co) Alloys
Authors: Hou Zhong Hui , Zhang Yin , Cai Ying , Hu Feng , Zhang Guo Fang , Li Xia
Published: October 2012

The melt spinning technology was used to prepare the Mg2Ni0.6M0.4 (M=Cu, Co) hydrogen storage alloys in order to obtain a nanocrystalline and amorphous structure. The microstructures of the alloys were characterized by XRD, TEM. The effects of the melt spinning on the electrochemical and gaseous hydrogen storage capacities of the alloys were investigated. The results indicate that the as-spun (M=Cu) alloys hold an entire nanocrystalline structure even if a limited spinning rate is applied, while the as-spun (M=Co) alloys display a nanocrystalline and amorphous structure and the amount of the amorphous phase grows evidently with the rising of the spinning rate, suggesting that the substitution of Co for Ni facilitates the glass formation in the Mg2Ni-type alloy. The melt spinning enhances the electrochemical and gaseous hydrogen storage capacities of the alloys dramatically. Simultaneously, it ameliorates the hydriding kinetics of the alloys substantially. As the spinning rate grows from 0 (As-cast was defined as the spinning rate of 0 m/s) to 30 m/s, the discharge capacity increases from 53.3 to 140.4 mAh/g for the (M=Cu) alloy and from 113.3% to 402.5% for the (M=Co) alloy; the gaseous hydrogen desorption capacity ( ) in 100 min augments from 2.29% to 2.87% for the (M=Cu) alloy and from 2.42% to 3.08% for the (M=Co) alloy.
Experimental Study on Rutile TiO2 Surface Coated with Al2O3 and ZrO2
Authors: Luo Zhi Qiang , Chen Xin Hong , Li Li
Published: October 2012

The industrial test of rutile TiO2 surface coated with Al2O3 and ZrO2 was completed using the TiO2 coated technology of low viscosity process at the TiO2 factory of PanGang group. The viscosity during the coating process, sample elements and elements distribution were respectively measured by viscometer, XRF and EDS. The results show that the viscosity of coating process is obviously lower than viscosity of existing coating technology, sample element distribution is more uniform on TiO2 surface, and the deposition rate of coating reagent is higher than it of sample using existing coating technology. The Al2O3 content fluctuation value of sample and sample using existing coating technology is respectively 0.56%, 1.19% on sample surface different points, and the Al2O3 deposition rate is 93%, 84.17%, respectively.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Mesoporous Al2O3: Influences of pH Values and Aluminum Precursors
Authors: Liu Hui Ping
Published: October 2012

The influences of pH values and aluminum precursors of “glucose-water-aluminum salt” reaction system on the hydrothermal synthesis of mesoporous Al2O3 were investigated. With the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron diffraction spectrum (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations, we found that, under hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C for 20 h, aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3) could be used as the precursor to synthesize the spherical flower-like Al2O3 by using the synthesis solutions with different pH values in a certain scope; using aluminum chloride (AlCl3) as precursor, we can only get a small amount of Al2O3 composed of micro-spheres and sheets; while adopting aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) as precursor, a small amount of cubic-shape aluminum sulfate crystal can be obtained.
Impact of Melt Spinning on Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Characteristics of Mg20Ni9M1 (M=Cu, Co) Alloys
Authors: Zhang Yang Huan , Shang Hong Wei , Zhang Guo Fang , Yang Tai , Hou Zhong Hui , Zhao Dong Liang
Published: October 2012

The melt-spinning technique is used to fabricate the Mg20Ni9M1 (M=Cu, Co) alloys with nanocrystalline and amorphous structure. The microstructures of the as-spun alloys were characterized by XRD and TEM. The electrochemical hydrogen storage properties of the alloys were measured. The results show that the as-spun (M=Cu) alloys hold an entire nanocrystalline structure and small amount of amorphous phase is visible on the grain boundaries of the as-spun (M=Co) alloy. The discharge capacity and high rate discharge ability (HRD) of the alloys visibly grow with the rising of the spinning rate. The action of the melt spinning on the cycle stability of the alloys is associated with substitution element. For M=Cu, the capacity retaining rate (SN) evidently falls with the growing of the spinning rate; whereas for M=Co, it first declines and then augments.
Influence of Heating Temperature on Microstructure Characteristics of Directionally Solidified Ni-45Ti-5Al Alloy
Authors: Zhang Xiao Li , Li Ruo Lei , Yang Chun Yan , Chen Xiao Fan , Zhang Hu
Published: October 2012

The microstructure evolution of Ni-45Ti-5Al(atomic fraction, %) alloys prepared by directional solidification with liquid-metal-cooling at different temperatures of 1450°C, 1550°C and 1650°C was investigated. The results showed that the macrostructure in directional solidification growth region was obvious columnar grains. The microstructure was cellular growth structure, and composed of primary NiTi matrix and Ti2Ni precipitates. The preferred orientation of NiTi and Ti2Ni were respectively [100] and [111] direction. It was found that aluminum was dissolved in both NiTi and Ti2Ni phase. The Al content in the matrix was higher than it in the precipitates. As heating temperature increasing, the microstructure evolution was inconspicuous and the average cellular spacing was 30~50μm. The Ti2Ni volume percent was most when the heating temperature was 1550°C.
Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Black Microarc Oxidation Ceramic Coatings on Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Yu Sheng Xue , Zhang Rui Jun , Lv Qiao Yan
Published: October 2012

Black micro-arc oxidation (MAO) ceramic coatings were prepared on magnesium alloy in a silicate electrolyte; SEM, EDS and XRD were tested to analyze surface morphology, chemical composition and phase composition of ceramic coatings, Corrosion resistant in 3.5％ NaCl aqueous solution of magnesium alloy before and after MAO treatment was evaluated by polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); the weight loss of magnesium alloy with black MAO ceramic coatings in 3.5％ NaCl aqueous solution was studied through immersion experiment. The results indicated that, the black MAO ceramic coatings was composed by Mg、Al、Si、Cu and O; black MAO ceramic coatings could protect magnesium alloy substrate effectively; the corrosion resistant of black MAO ceramic coatings in neutral 3.5% NaCl solution was favorable.
Microstructure Evolution of Nd in Spray Deposited Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Li Zhen Liang , Ren Hui Ping , Jin Zi Li , Wang Tong Le , Chen Wei , Xin Hai Ying , Zhai Jing
Published: October 2012

Subscript textNd can obviously improve the mechanical properties of spray deposited 1%Nd, 2%Nd extruded and heat treatment alloy. Nd solid solution in α-Mg matrix lead to the hardness of 2%Nd spray deposited magnesium alloy extruded is higher than that of after heat treatment. A large number of Al2Nd particles precipitation is the key factor to the highest hardness value(139.4Hv) in 2%Nd magnesium alloy after 370°C/3h+205°C/24h heat treatment. Moreover, the precipitation of Al2Nd accompany with Al2Ca and Al-Mn phase increased.
Microstructure of Casting and Solid Solution of Cu-7.5Ni-5.0Sn Alloy
Authors: Liu Rui Qing , Yang Sheng Li , Chen Liang , Xie Wei Bin , Yu Yin Sheng , Wang Hai Rui , Deng Yu Sheng
Published: October 2012

The casting and solution microstructure of Cu-7.5Ni-5.0Sn alloy were studied.The results showed that the cast Cu-7.5Ni-5.0Sn alloy existed serious dendritic. The microstructure of the cast Cu-7.5Ni-5.0Sn alloy is divided into three parts, namely, gray dendritic (α phase, ie, Cu-Ni solid solution), interdendritic white bright objects or bone-like organization ((CuX、Ni1-X)3Sn phase, ie, γ phase), dark gray organization of the transition between the dendrite and the bone-like organization (α phase and γ phase mixture). Solution temperature will affect the solid solution effects. The best solution condition is heated at 800°C for 1h. Subsequently, the alloy cold rolling deformation is up to 50%.
Microstructures and Damping Properties in Ni-Al-Based Alloys
Authors: Zhou Z.C. , Wang Q.Z. , Du J. , Yan Y.J. , Gu S.Y. , Yang H.
Published: October 2012

The binary Ni-rich Ni64Al36 (nominal compositions, all compositions are in atomic percent unless otherwise stated,) alloy and ternary Ni-21.2 Al-20 Fe alloy ingot were prepared by melting commercial pure Ni and pure Al in a vacuum arc furnace under an argon atmosphere. The ingots were then hot rolled into a rectangle with the length of 55 mm. The microstructures of Ni-Al-based alloys were investigated using optical microscope and X-ray diffraction. The damping capacity of oil-quenched ternary Ni-21.2 Al-20 Fe alloy from different temperature is investigated using a multifunctional internal friction apparatus.
Photoisomerization of some Functional Azobenzene-Containing Metal Complexes with Different Substituted Groups
Authors: Zhou Jing Xin , Jiao Ti Feng , Wang Feng Yan , Li Xu Hui
Published: October 2012

In this work, two functional azobenzene-containing metal complexes with different substituted groups have been synthesized and their photoisomerization have also been investigated. It has been found that depending on different substituted groups, the formed azobenzene derivatives showed different properties, indicating distinct regulation of molecular skeletons. Spectral data confirmed commonly the characteristic absorption of substituted groups and aromatic segments in molecular structures. Thermal analysis demonstrated that the structural influence of both compounds in different temperature ranges. The difference of thermal stability is mainly attributed to the formation of Schiff base group and different substituent groups in molecular structure. The photoisomerization of these compounds both in solution and in cast film can undergo trans-to-cis isomerization by UV light irradiation, depending on different substituted groups. The present results have demonstrated that the special properties of azobenzene derivatives can be effectively turned by modifying molecular structures of objective compounds with proper substituted groups, which show potential application in sensor and functional material field.
Preparation and Properties of Cu-Cr Alloy Coating on Cu Matrix by Laser Surface Alloying
Authors: Tian Bao Hong , Zhang Yi , Liu Yong
Published: October 2012

The laser surface alloying for metallic materials has been applied widely to improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other required properties. The studies of laser surface alloying on copper-base materials are becoming more and more important. This work using two methods of pretreated coatings, i.e., chemical bonded 50%Cr-50%Cu and pure Cr powders and electroplating chromium coating respectively, on pure copper substrate surface to prepare laser alloyed Cu-Cr alloy coatings was investigated. The samples were treated with different laser scanning speed. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro-hardness indentor and wear tester, the effects of different coating processing parameters on the microstructure and properties of Cu-Cr coatings were determined and analyzed respectively.
Research on Effects of Annealing and Al Gettering on Electrical Properties of Upgraded Metallurgical Grade Multicrystalline Silicon
Authors: Zhang Jun Feng , Ma Wen Hui , Chen Xiu Hua , Zhang Cong , Wei Kui Xian
Published: October 2012

Annealing and Al gettering were performed on upgraded metallurgical grade multicrystalline silicon (UMG multi-Si) wafers with a purity of 99.999%. The dislocation and grain boundaries of samples were characterized by optical microscopy and electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD), respectively. The minority carrier lifetime and resistivity of the Si wafers were measured using microwave photoconductance decay and four-point probe techniques, respectively. The results show that the number of dislocations in Si wafers reduced obviously after annealing and Al gettering for 2 hours at 600～1100°C. The proportion of Σ3 grain boundary increases. But the minority carrier lifetime and resistivity of the Si wafers after annealing decreases. However, the minority carrier lifetime and resistivity of the Si wafers after Al gettering increases firstly and then decreases with increasing of the annealing temperature. It is considered that the metal impurities determine electrical properties of UMG multi-Si wafers rather than dislocations and grain boundary. However, Al gettering can enhances the properties of Si wafers effectively and the optimal effect of Al gettering has been achieved at 800°C.
Study of Hydrophilic Films on Copper Tube
Authors: Zhang Qiao Yun , Chen Ze Min , Qi Meng Long
Published: October 2012

Copper tube was the air conditioner heat dissipation commonly used material, their hydrophilic and corrosion resistance was great significance to improve the air conditioner heat dissipation effect and the service life. Hydrophilic film was prepared with key components of silica sol and acrylic. The experiment process mainly investigated the effect of soaking time, temperature, pH value, silica sol concentration and the acrylate concentration on the hydrophilic film. Hydrophilic property and corrosion resistance were tested. The best technological conditions were as follows: at room temperature, 5min, the silica sol concentration of 60%, the acrylate concentration of 1%, pH = 13. The experimental results show that hydrophilic angle was 13°, and corrosion resistance as good as the deactivation film.
Applicability of Emulsion Viscosity Models to Crude Oil Emulsion
Authors: Guo Li Ping , Wang Lei , Zhang Yi Min
Published: October 2012

The rheology behavior of waxy crude emulsion is an important basic information on safeguard research of crude oil-water flow. The non-newtonian characteristics of apparent viscosity of three kinds of waxy crude emulsions were studied experimentally around condensation point; three apparent viscosity forecasting models were evaluated by least-square regressions based on experimental data of shear balance and the average absolute deviation was taken as the measurement of fitness of a model to experimental data. It is concluded that the Pal-Rhodes model, whose relative deviation can be as high as 80%, is the worst forecasting model, but it need the least experiment data to obtain model parameters, only water cut was needed. Elgibaly model has the best forecasting results, the average absolute deviation of forecasting results of three waxy crude emulsions under the condition of different temperature, water cut and shear rate were all less than 15%, but compared with the other two models, Elgibaly model needs the most parameters.
The Preparation Research for IT-SOFC Anode Material LSCM
Authors: Li Rui , Chen Xiu Hua , Ma Wen Hui , Xing Jie , Yang Jian Jun , Yu Jie
Published: October 2012

Perovskite-structure La0.7Sr0.3Cr0.5Mn0.5O3-δanode powder was prepared by glycine nitrate process. The result of characterization indicated that the pore morphology and mechanical property of anode support pellets using starch as pore-forming agent are superior to that of using activated carbon. The maximum value of porosity and specific surface area are 40%, 1.256m2/mg at 10MPa, respectively. The conductive mechanism is small-polaron conductive mechanism at low temperature, but it is metalloid conductive mechanism at high temperature.
Morphology-Controlled Fabrication of CuO Architectures
Authors: Yang Li Xia , Liu Bing , Li Gui Hua
Published: October 2012

CuO nanorod arrays, networks of nanosheets and pistachio nuts consisting nanorods were prepared via a multi-step synthesis method starting from copper oxalate precursor. CuO nanorod arrays were prepared by solid state thermal calcination of Cu(OH)2 nanorod arrays through the reaction of copper oxalate precursor with NaOH at 40°C. CuO networks of nanosheets were obtained by treatment at 60°C for 90min, and CuO pistachio nuts consisting nanorods were obtained at 80°C for 20min. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The influences of temperature and reaction time on the synthesis of CuO were investigated. The formation mechanism of CuO nanostructures was discussed.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3/NiAl In Situ Composites by Hot-Press-Aided Reaction Synthesis
Authors: Qi Guo Quan , Shangguan Feng Shou , Yang Li Neng , Bai Qiang , Wu Gang
Published: October 2012

Al2O3/NiAl composites were successfully fabricated by hot-press-assisted exothermic dispersion method with elemental powder mixtures of Ni, Al, NiO. The content of Al2O3 on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al2O3/NiAl composites has been characterized. The results show that the Vickers hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites increase with increasing Al2O3 content. When the Al2O3 content is 15 wt %, the flexural strength and the fracture toughness peaked at 765 MPa and 9.67 MPa•m 1/2, respectively. The improvement of mechanical properties is associated with a more homogeneous and finer microstructure developed by addition of Al2O3.
Effect of Elements on Characteristics and Structure of Cu-22.7Zn Brass As-Cast
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Liang , Liu Yue Liang , Chen Zhi Bao , Deng Yu Sheng
Published: October 2012

study the effect of different levels of aluminum (1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%), nickel (0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%), cobalt (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%), yttrium (0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%) on the characteristics and structure of Cu-22.7Zn brass as-cast. The results show that all above elements added can refine brass grains on extent, change the size of phase, and improve the brass hardness, tensile strength and corrosion resistance. When the content is 3.5% in the alloy, the hardness of brass increases to 78.7HRB, up 6% compare with Cu-22.7Zn brass. With 1.0% Ni, the strength of the alloy raises to 76.5 HRB, increased by 3.6%. Cu-22.7Zn-3.4Al as-cast alloy, its strength of alloy increases 12.5% with 0.6% Co, and enhances 9.8% with 0.03% Y.
Photochemical Events during the Photosensitization of Hypocrellin A on ZnS Quantum Dots
Authors: Liu Wei , Chen Xian Lan , Yang La Shi , Zhang Ju Cheng , Yi Ping , Fan Ai Ping , Yan He Ping
Published: October 2012

Hypocrellin A is organic dyes with more superior visible light performance, which has resistant tumor activity and becomes widely accepted. In this paper, acetone is used as solvent to extract, separate and purify the hypocrellin A. With ZnCl2 and Na2S as raw material, ZnS Quantum dots (QDs) were prepared by water-phase synthesis method under the role of the magnetic stirrer. Fluorescence detection results showed that the optimum pH of the ZnS QDs and HA solution close to neutral (6.86). The fluorescence quenching of hypocrellin A is most obvious as the ZnS QDs was added, because of the strong interaction was generated between HA and ZnS QDs, resulting in the fluorescence quenching.
Welding of Fe-Al Intermetallic Compound and Steel by SPS Technology
Authors: Zhang Guo Dong , Xiao Ya Dong , Liu Nian , Hong Min
Published: October 2012

The welding between Fe-Al intermetallic compound and high-strength steel was done via SPS technology. Microstructure, elements concentration and micro-hardness of welding joint were examined. The results indicated that there was no obvious welding heat-affected zone in both Fe-Al intermetallic compound and high-strength steel. The HAZ microstructures of high-strength steel were mainly martensite. In Fe-Al intermetallic compound, the grain size of heat-affected zone was larger than that of base metal and the density of heat-affected zone was lower than that of base metal. Besides, the grains of base metal had deformation phenomena. The welding joint had steady performance and the connection was reliable. Under the influence of chemical potential differences, unidirectional impulses discharge current and axial pressure, elements diffused perfectly in a short period of time.