bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Size of the U.S. Market for New Antibiotics with Activity against Carbapenem-Resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Clancy Cornelius J. , Nguyen M. Hong
Published: September 2019

New antibiotics with activity against carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
(CRE) improve outcomes of CRE-infected patients. However, companies developing these drugs have faced financial difficulties. Sales of ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, and plazomicin in the United States totaled $101 million from February 2018 to January 2019. We estimate that the current annual U.S. market for new anti-CRE antibiotics is $289 million (range, $169 to $439 million).
A Yilgarn seed to the Pilbara Craton (Australia)? Evidence from inherited zircons
Authors: Petersson Andreas , Kemp Anthony I.S. , Whitehouse Martin J.
Published: September 2019

Knowledge of the age and compositional architecture of Archean cratonic lithosphere is critical for models of geodynamics and continental growth on early Earth, but can be difficult to unravel from the exposed geology. We report the occurrence of numerous >3.7 Ga zircon crystals in 3.45 Ga rhyolites of the eastern Pilbara Craton (Western Australia), which preserve evidence for an Eoarchean meta-igneous component in the deep Pilbara crust. This inherited zircon population shares similar and distinctive age and Hf-O isotope characteristics with the oldest gneissic components of the Yilgarn Craton ∼500 km farther south, suggesting a common ca. 3.75 Ga felsic crustal nucleus to these two Archean granite-greenstone terranes. We infer a pivotal role for such ‘seeds’ in facilitating the growth and persistence of Archean continental lithosphere.
Optimal glucocorticoid dose and the effects on mortality, length of stay, and readmission rates in patients diagnosed with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD)
Authors: Kichloo Asim , Aljadah Michael , Vipparla Navya , Wani Farah
Published: September 2019

The burden of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is staggering on a national and global level. Yet, surprisingly, there is a profound lack of treatment standardization with glucocorticoids in the treatment of AECOPD. In this review, we bring attention to specific literature that use a cut-off of 60 mg prednisone equivalent per day when distinguishing between high-dose and low-dose glucocorticoid treatment. We hope this review encourages future research to begin incrementally lowering the cut-off dose of 60 mg to discover if mortality, length of hospital stays, and readmission rates change between high-dose and low-dose glucocorticoid treatment. The final hope would be to establish an optimal glucocorticoid dose to treat AECOPD and eliminate treatment ambiguity.
Advances in Stable Isotope Tracer Methodology Part 2: New Thoughts about an “Old” Method—Measurement of Whole Body Protein Synthesis and Breakdown in the Fed State
Authors: Wolfe Robert R , Park Sanghee , Kim Il-Young , Moughan Paul J , Ferrando Arny A
Published: September 2019

Whole-body protein turnover (protein synthesis, breakdown, and net balance) model enables quantification of the response to a variety of circumstances, including the response to meal feeding. In the fed state, the whole-body protein turnover model requires taking account of the contribution of absorbed tracee to the observed total appearance of tracee in the peripheral blood (exogenous appearance, RaEXO). There are different approaches to estimating RaEXO. The use of an intrinsically labeled dietary protein is based on the overriding assumption that the appearance in the peripheral circulation of a tracer amino acid incorporated into a dietary protein is exactly proportional to the appearance of absorbed tracee. The bioavailability approach is based on the true ileal digestibility of the dietary protein and the irreversible loss of the tracee in the splanchnic bed via hydroxylation of the tracee (phenylalanine). Finally, RaEXO can be estimated as the increase above the basal rate of appearance of the tracee using traditional tracer dilution methodology. In this paper, we discuss the pros and cons of each approach and conclude that the bioavailability method is the least likely to introduce systematic errors and is therefore the preferable approach.
Specific and sensitive detection of the guava fruit anthracnose pathogen (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay
Authors: Lan Chengzhong , Yao Jinai , Yang Xiujuan , Ruan Hongchun , Yu Deyi , Jiang Junxi
Published: September 2019

Anthracnose of guava, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is a major factor limiting worldwide guava production. Timely and accurate detection of the pathogen is important in developing a disease management strategy. Herein, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the specific and sensitive detection of C. gloeosporioides was developed using primers targeting the β-tubulin 2 (TUB2) gene. The optimal reaction conditions were 64 °C for 60 min. The specificity of the method was tested against C. gloeosporioides isolates, Colletotrichum spp. isolates, and isolates of other genera. Positive results were obtained only in the presence of C. gloeosporioides, whereas no cross-reaction was observed for other species. The detection limit of the LAMP assay was 10 fg of genomic DNA in a 25 μL reaction. The LAMP assay successfully detected C. gloeosporioides in guava fruit collected in the field. The results indicate that the developed LAMP assay is a simple, cost-effective, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific tool for the diagnosis of guava anthracnose caused by C. gloeosporioides and could be useful for disease management.
Electronic band structure of silver low-index surfaces: a tight-binding study
Authors: Herrera-Suárez H.J. , Rubio-Ponce A. , Olguín D.
Published: September 2019

We studied the electronic band structure and corresponding local density of states of low-index fcc Ag surfaces (100), (110), and (111) by using the empirical tight-binding method in the framework of the Surface Green’s Function Matching formalism. The energy values for different surface and resonance states are reported and a comparison with the available experimental and theoretical data is also done.
Administration of a 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor Improves Outcome in a Rat Model of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Shu Shiyu , Zhang Zhi , Spicer Dawn , Kulikowicz Ewa , Hu Ke , Babapoor-Farrokhran Savalan , Kannan Sujatha , Koehler Raymond C. , Robertson Courtney L.
Published: September 2019

The arachidonic acid pathway metabolite 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) contributes to ischemia/reperfusion brain injury. Inhibition of 20-HETE formation can protect the developing brain from global ischemia. Here, we examined whether treatment with the 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor N-hydroxy-N-4-butyl-2-methylphenylformamidine (HET0016) can protect the immature brain from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Male rats at postnatal day 9–10 underwent controlled cortical impact followed by intraperitoneal injection with vehicle or HET0016 (1 mg/kg, 5 min and 3 h post-injury). HET0016 decreased the lesion volume by over 50% at 3 days of recovery, and this effect persisted at 30 days as the brain matured. HET0016 decreased peri-lesion gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) at 1 day and increased reparative cytokine (IL-4, IL-10) expression at 3 days. It also partially preserved microglial ramified processes, consistent with less activation. HET0016 decreased contralateral hindlimb foot faults and improved outcome on the novel object recognition memory task 30 days after TBI. In cultured BV2 microglia, HET0016 attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-evoked increase in release of TNF-α. Our data show that HET0016 improves acute and long-term histologic and functional outcomes, in association with an attenuated neuroinflammatory response after contusion of an immature rat brain.
Psychometric Evaluation of the German Version of the Dietary Fat and Free Sugar-Short Questionnaire
Authors: Fromm Sophie Pauline , Horstmann Annette
Published: September 2019

Background: The Dietary Fat and Free Sugar-Short Questionnaire (DFS) is a cost- and time-efficient self-report screening instrument to estimate dietary intake of saturated fat and free sugar. To date, only the English version has been psychometrically evaluated. We assessed the psychometric characteristics of the German version of the DFS in individuals with normal weight, overweight, and obesity. Method: Sixty-five adult participants completed a German translation of the DFS and a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We correlated participants’ percentage of energy intake from saturated fat and free sugar from the FFQ with the DFS scores. To establish test-retest reliability, participants completed the DFS a second time. To investigate convergent validity, we correlated participants’ DFS scores with self-reported eating behavior and sensitivity to reward. Results: DFS scores correlated with percentage of energy from free sugar (rs = 0.443) and saturated fatty acids (rs =0.258) but not with non-target nutrients. The correlation between DFS scores and percentage energy from free sugar was not moderated by body mass index (BMI), whereas the correlation with percentage energy from saturated fat slightly decreased with BMI. Intra-class correlation as an indicator of test-retest reliability was 0.801. DFS scores correlated significantly with restraint of eating behavior (rs = –0.380) and feelings of hunger (rs = 0.275). Correlations of the DFS score with disinhibited eating and sensitivity to rewards failed to be significant. Conclusion: Our data indicate that the German version of the DFS might be a psychometrically sound self-report instrument to estimate saturated fat and free sugar intake of German adults.
O papel do fã no texto transmídia:
Authors: Fechine Yvana , Lima Cecília Almeida Rodrigues
Published: September 2019

A expressão “TV Transmídia” designa um modelo de produção que se caracteriza pela incorporação de outras mídias e plataformas, sobretudo, as redes sociais digitais, na cadeia criativa do meio televisivo. A participação do público é uma condição indispensável para a concretização das estratégias transmídias, mesmo quando as ações são, de certo modo, “dirigidas” ou orientadas pela intencionalidade e por uma “inteligência” dos produtores. Em função do engajamento exigido, o destinatário de uma ação transmídia é, idealmente, um fã. O desafio que se coloca para os estudiosos é entender melhor o papel desse fã na constituição de um tipo de texto – o texto transmídia – cuja manifestação depende necessariamente da sua atuação.
Quando menina veste azul e menino veste rosa: questões de gênero no trabalho
Authors: Soares Angelo
Published: September 2019

Nosso objetivo será de analisar a questão do gênero a partir da divisão sexual do trabalho persistente e crônica no mercado de trabalho. Para isso propomos uma reflexão sobre a experiência de um cabeleireiro e de uma estivadora, no Quebec (Canadá). Assim, buscamos trazer visibilidade sobre essa divisão sexual do trabalho que em si traz embutida uma certa dinâmica e hierarquia entre os gêneros. Ainda hoje, apesar de toda teorização do gênero, muitas vezes se pensa ainda o gênero em termos de sexo, de uma maneira binária, como uma simples consequência do sexo biológico.
Clinical Outcomes Before and After Complete Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Scaffold Resorption
Authors: Kereiakes Dean J. , Ellis Stephen G. , Metzger D. Christopher , Caputo Ronald P. , Rizik David G. , Teirstein Paul S. , Litt Marc R. , Kini Annapoorna , Kabour Ameer , Marx Steven O. , Popma Jeffrey J. , Tan Siok Hwee , Ediebah Divine E. , Simonton Charles , Stone Gregg W. ,   For the ABSORB III Investigators
Published: September 2019

Background:

The Absorb everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) provides early drug delivery and mechanical support similar to those of metallic drug-eluting stents, followed by complete resorption in ≈3 years with recovery of vascular structure and function. The ABSORB III trial demonstrated noninferior rates of target lesion failure (cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization) at 1 year with BVS compared with cobalt chromium everolimus-eluting stents. Between 1 and 3 years and cumulative to 3 years, adverse event rates (particularly target vessel myocardial infarction and scaffold thrombosis) were increased after BVS. We sought to assess clinical outcomes after BVS through 5 years, including beyond the 3-year time point of complete scaffold resorption.

Methods:

Clinical outcomes from ABSORB III were analyzed by randomized device (intention to treat) cumulative to 5 years and between 3 and 5 years.

Results:

Rates of target lesion failure, target vessel myocardial infarction, and scaffold thrombosis were increased through the 5-year follow-up with BVS compared with everolimus-eluting stents. However, between 3 and 5 years, reductions in the relative hazards of the BVS compared with everolimus-eluting stents were observed, particularly for target lesion failure (hazard ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.55–1.24] versus 1.35 [95% CI, 1.02–1.78];
P
int
=0.052) and scaffold thrombosis (hazard ratio, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.02–2.87] versus 3.23 [95% CI, 1.25–8.30];
P
int
=0.056) compared with the 0- to 3-year time period.

Conclusions:

In the ABSORB III trial, cumulative 5-year adverse event rates were increased after BVS compared with everolimus-eluting stents. However, the period of excess risk for BVS ended at 3 years, coincident with complete scaffold resorption.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01751906.
How Are Species Discovered?
Authors: Michel Jan G.
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is twofold: The general aim is to shed light on the structure of species discoveries new to biology by bringing together a practice-oriented philosophy of science perspective with a philosophy of language perspective. The more specific aim is to argue that and to show how the overall structure of biological species discoveries comprises aspects of both institutional and non-institutional reality. The author proceeds as follows: (1) he shows that placing the focus on the topic of scientific discoveries enables us to circumvent two long-standing problems. (2) He analyzes three fictional cases of discoveries in order to bring about a greater sensitivity for the concept of discovery. (3) He takes a closer look at a real example – the discovery of a deep-sea anglerfish – and identifies the main structural features of species discovery processes in biology. (4) In order to connect these results with Searle’s account of institutional reality, he provides an overview of the conceptual apparatus needed here. (5) In bringing Searle’s account together with the structural features of species discoveries developed before, he shows to what extent declarative speech acts play a central role in species discovery processes in biology.
Dual-valve parallel prediction control for an electro-hydraulic servo system
Authors: Su Shi-jie , Zhu Yuan-yuan , Li Cun-jun , Tang Wen-xian , Wang Hai-rong
Published: September 2019

To improve the dynamic response performance of a high-flow electro-hydraulic servo system, scholars have conducted considerable research on the synchronous and time-sharing controls of multiple valves. However, most scholars have used offline optimization to improve control performance. Thus, control performance cannot be dynamically adjusted or optimized. To repeatedly optimize the performance of multiple valves online, this study proposes a method for connecting a high-flow proportional valve in parallel with a low-flow servo valve. Moreover, this study proposes an algorithm in which a proportional–integral–derivative system and multivariable predictive control system are used as an inner loop and outer loop, respectively. The simulation and experimental results revealed that dual-valve parallel control could effectively improve the control accuracy and dynamic response performance of an electro-hydraulic servo system and that the proportional-integral-derivative–multivariable predictive control controller could further dynamically improve the control accuracy.
Treatment of posttraumatic headache migraine phenotype with erenumab – An observational study
Authors: Charles James A
Published: September 2019

Objective

To report the observed effect of erenumab in mild posttraumatic headache migraine phenotype with and without aura.

Background

There is no clinical algorithm of pharmacotherapy for migraine following posttraumatic headache. Most migraine preventatives that are typically used are either ineffective or not tolerated.

Methods

Seven patients who met the clinical criteria for migraine with or without aura following posttraumatic headache who failed or were intolerant of conventional migraine preventatives were treated with erenumab 140 mg subcutaneously. Most had no history of migraine. In those patients with a history of migraine, the posttraumatic headache migraine headaches were different than the past migraine experience. Descriptive headache intensity or disability using the Head Impact Test-6 and monthly headache days were recorded before and after treatment. All patients were debilitated on presentation and demonstrated no signs of spontaneous resolution.

Results

Patients responded with a 95% (SD 1.22, p < .001) reduction in headache days. All Head Impact Test-6 scores went from disabling to non-disabling without adverse effects. Most required only one dose of erenumab with no migraine recurrence. Onset of efficacy often became apparent within days to four weeks. Extended follow-up six months after treatment revealed no relapses.

Conclusions

Erenumab is effective in the treatment of posttraumatic headache with migraine phenotype in this small cohort. Large-scale studies are urgently required for this highly prevalent, disabling, condition which has no effective established treatment.
Plant Thorn Synovitis of the Hand in an Adult Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Zhu Sarah L. , Leveille Cameron F. , Dunn Emily E. , Cooper Michael J.
Published: September 2019

This is a case of plant thorn synovitis of the hand in an adult following a plum tree thorn injury, the first reported case in the hands in the past decade. The patient initially presented with persistent joint discomfort following removal of a retained plum thorn fragment from the skin overlyin the proximal interphalangeal joint of the left middle finger. Initial radiography and sonography imaging following the removal revealed no foreign bodies. However, the patient’s symptoms were worsening and refractory to anti-inflammatory and antibiotic treatment. An exploratory surgery was carried out, which revealed multiple plant thorn fragments within the synovium, each measuring approximately 1 mm in size. A synovectomy was performed and the patient recovered with full function. Our case of plant thorn synovitis is discussed along with a review of the current literature on plant thorn synovitis in the hands.
Butch Noir
Authors: Stacey Jackie
Published: September 2019

This article puts the generic concept of “butch noir” in dialogue with queer theories of temporality. Reworking the 1980s performance category of dyke noir that was used to describe a particular style of lesbian experimental work, butch noir is defined by its “having-already-been-read-ness”—a temporal dynamic by which queer subjects are generated through their anticipation of other people’s readings of them. This concept captures both the specificity of an anticipatory butch mode and the temporal belatedness that inaugurates subjectivity itself. Elaborated through close readings of the performance work of lesbian icon Peggy Shaw (Split Britches), the article focuses on her reflective monologues in Must: The Inside Story, a collaborative show (with Clod Ensemble) combining a noir aesthetic with the iconographies and desires of the anatomy theatre. Through a series of close readings, situated theoretically and historically, the article demonstrates the significance of butch noir to theorizing the place of the anticipatory in queer cultures, as well as to understandings of the strangeness of time for the modern subject whose place in language has always already been read.
Sources of the study of international relations: projection in time and eternity
Authors: Терновая Людмила , Tyernovaya Lyudmila
Published: September 2019

International relations develop at the intersection of political time in history and historical time in politics. At the same time, they are revealed as a specific text in which truth is combined with fiction. A variety of sources help to understand where the truth is contained in the presentation of the events of international life, and where lies are hidden. The monograph describes both traditional sources of studying the foreign policy of States and world politics, and sources that can be attributed to non-traditional, allowing to bring closer the realities of international life in their everyday sense.
It is intended for specialists in international relations. It may also be of interest to anyone interested in the history and modern realities of international life.
Design of Indicators for Achievement of Professional Competences
Authors: Галямина Ирина , Galyamina Irina , Корнеев И. , Korneev I.
Published: September 2019

An experience in design of indicators for achievement of professional competences based on analysis of professional standards in the area of environmental engineering and water use has been described in this paper. Possible methods for development of indicators as whether based on analysis of labor functions and labor actions, selected from professional standards in the area of environmental engineering and water use, or by the use of common knowledge-abilities-skills have been shown.
Minimal Estrada index of the trees without perfect matchings
Authors: Wang Wen-Huan , Zhai Chun-Xiang
Published: September 2019

Trees possessing no Kekul Ìe structures (i.e., perfect matching) with the minimal Estrada index are considered. Let T_n be the set of the trees having no perfect matchings with n vertices. When n is odd and n â¥ 5, the trees with the smallest and the second smallest Estrada indices among T_n are obtained. When n is even and n â¥ 6, the tree with the smallest Estrada index in T_n is deduced.
Arcing Behaviors in the Large-capacity HV SF6 Gas-blast Interrupters
Authors: Averyanova S. A. , Tonkonogov E.
Published: September 2019

A comprehension of the dielectric strength recovery processes during the interruption of short-circuit currents in the high-voltage SF6 gas-blast circuit breakers is necessary for their modernisation in order to increase the rated voltage and short circuit breaking current per one break. This paper presents numerical results of the turbulence effects on the interruption ability in the SF6 extinguishing arc chamber.
Impact of the Metal Evaporation Rate in Vacuum Interrupters on Vapor Expansion and Deposition in Vacuum
Authors: Geisler A. E. , Wenzel N.
Published: September 2019

The emission of contact material into vacuum after switching operation of a vacuum interrupter is crucial for the metallisation of the ceramic surfaces. This work focuses on the simulation of various regimes of metal vapour pressure using an extended version of an existing DSMC code that now allows the visualisation of the interaction types and locations during the vapour expansion. The model was applied to a typical vacuum interrupter geometry at different current levels between 3 A and 100 kA. The simulations show that in the low current case the likelihood for a particle hitting a ceramic surface can be more than a factor of 5 higher than in the high current case. An explanation of this observation will be given by analysing the interaction history of the respective particles.
EVALUATION OF UVEITIS ACTIVITY USING BOS24 IN PATIENTS WITH BEHСET'S DISEASE
Authors: Lisitsyna T. A. , Davydova G. A. , Khatagova Z. R. , Katargina L. A. , Alekberova Z. S.
Published: September 2019

Objective:to estimate changes of uveitis activity using BOS24 (Behсet's disease Ocular attack Score 24) during antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy in patients with Behcet's disease (BD).

Subjects and methods.103 (75.6%) of the 138 patients with BD fulfilled the 1990 International Study Group for Behсet's Disease (ISGBD) criteria had eye lesions; 55 (53.4%) of the 103 patients had an exacerbation of uveitis. 55 patients with an exacerbation of uveitis were found to have active inflammation in 94 eyes. The activity of uveitis was monitored during anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy, by using BOS24 that consists of 6 parameters with maximal possible value 24.

Results and discussion.The mean BOS24 for 94 eyes with active uveitis at baseline was 9.33±0.91. The most pronounced inflammatory changes were found in the posterior chamber of the eye, mainly in the area of the peripheral retina, rarely in the area of the fovea and in the optic disc. All the patients with an exacerbation of uveitis received systemic therapy with glucocorticoids, cyclosporine and/or azathioprine. After 8.92±3.47 months of treatment, the mean BOS2 decreased significantly (p < 0.001) to 2.20±1.02. The most substantial positive changes were noted in the anterior chamber of the eye (p = 0.03), vitreous humor (p < 0.01), and peripheral retina (p < 0.001).

Conclusion. BOS24 is a reliable tool to quantify uveitis activity in patients with BD and its dynamics during antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy.
PAIN AND INFLAMMATION. PART 1. PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS
Authors: Karateev A. E. , Karateev D. E. , Davydov O. S.
Published: September 2019

The relief of suffering, which is associated with a rapid and complete elimination of painful sensations, is the most important challenge facing physicians of many specialties. It is obvious that it can be solved only when you understand clearly the processes governing the development and chronization of pain. Inflammation, a universal adaptive mechanism that always accompanies damage to living tissues, plays a key role. Part 1 of this review considers the main stages of development of an inflammatory response, beginning with primary damage accompanied by the release of molecules acting as an alarm and ending with the deployment of a complete picture of the inflammatory response with the involvement of many cell elements and the overexpression of cytokines and proinflammatory mediators. The biological basis of the peripheral and central nociceptive sensitization phenomenon that is rigidly associated with inflammation is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the possible natural completion of the inflammatory response, on the adaptive mechanisms regulating this process and on the reasons that prevent this and determines inflammation chronization.
Identification of Monoclonal Immunoglobulins by Immunofixation Electrophoresis - Some Questions
Authors: Tichý Miloš
Published: September 2019

In the series of 2413 paraproteins analyzed by immunoelectrophoresis during 30 years, doubled paraproteinemias were found 42 times, i.e. a frequence of 1.7%. In last two years we have found 202 paraproteins by means of immunofixation electrophoresis and within this group multiple paraproteinemias was found 21 times, i.e. a frequence of 10.4%.
A preliminary assessment of potential ecological risk and soil contamination by heavy metals around a cement factory, western Saudi Arabia
Authors: El-Sherbiny Mohsen M. , Ismail Ali I. , EL-Hefnawy Mohamed E.
Published: September 2019

Twenty surface soil samples (0-10 cm) and shoots of a perennial shrub Zygophyllum coccineum L. were collected around a cement factory on the western coast of Saudi Arabia, in order to assess concentrations of some heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn). The most noticeable among all heavy metals was Pb that showed an average concentration of 460.15±86.60 μg g-1 followed by Cr (138.67±30.89 μg g-1), Zn (54.41±43.79 μg g-1), Ni (41.22±12.60 μg g-1) and Cu (33.48±12.52 μg g-1). Based on biological concentration factor analysis, Z. coccineum can be considered as an accumulator only for zinc (BCF >1). Estimation of various ecological contamination factors revealed the significant impact of Pb in the environmental pollution in the region. It is also understood that the primary contribution to the ecological risk index (RI) mainly originated from various anthropogenic influences such as industrialization and urbanization. The different statistical analysis further revealed the potential effect of soil characteristics on the occurrence and dispersal of heavy metals in the study area.
Tumor-suppressive activity of sTRAIL on circulating CD44+ cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sun Yan-Bin , Sun Guang-Hao , Xu Shun , Xu Jing-Jing
Published: September 2019

Circulating CD44+ cells have been identified as a prognostic marker for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Serum tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL) is involved in the pathophysiology of many cancers. However, no previous studies have shown the roles of sTRAIL in circulating CD44+ cells in the blood of NSCLC patients. We detected circulating CD44+ cells and sTRAIL levels in blood samples from NSCLC patients using flow cytometry and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-tumor roles of TRAIL in CD44+ cells were confirmed using a CCK-8 assay and mouse models. A higher number of circulating CD44+ cells were identified in NSCLC patients compared with healthy control individuals. In addition, we confirmed the anti-tumor roles and mechanisms of TRAIL in CD44+ cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that (1) there is a negative correlation between sTRAIL and circulating CD44+ cells in NSCLC patients and (2) CD44+ cells have cancer stem cell properties and are more sensitive than CD44− cells to TRAIL.
General Diffusivity-Mobility Relationship for Heavily Doped Semiconductors
Authors: Khan Arif , Das Atanu
Published: September 2019

A relationship between diffusivity and mobility in degenerate semiconductors is presented. The relationship is general enough to be applicable to both non-degenerate and degenerate semiconductors. It is suitable for the investigation of the electrical transport in heavily doped semiconductors
Comparative evaluation of IL-17 and TGF-β expression in tissues of patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals using real-time PCR
Authors: Fatemi Kazem , Rezaee Seyed Abdolrahim , Moeintaghavi Amir , Shiezadeh Farid , Dadpour Golnaz , Asadinezhad Mohammad Rasoul , Nasrabadi Nahid
Published: September 2019

Background. The present study aimed to determine the association between periodontal disease and the Th17/Treg balance by examining the genetic expression of IL-17 and TGF-β, which influence incidence and suppression of inflammation. Methods. In this case-control study, samples were collected in a randomized and task-oriented order. Thirty-seven patients referred to professional periodontology clinics in Mashhad and the Periodontology Department of the Mashhad Dentistry Faculty for periodontal (case) or crown-length (control) surgery was enrolled. IL-17 and TGF-β gene expression indices were measured in tissue samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. The IL-17 gene expression index was higher in the case group (2.68±0.91) than in the control group (1.68±0.41), but this difference was not significant. The TGF-β gene expression index was significantly higher in the case group (54.42±7.88) than in the control group (24.12±3.38). Conclusion. L-17 and TGF-β expression is increased in chronic periodontitis patients, but TGF-β plays a more important role in periodontal inflammation in patients with chronic periodontitis. Further studies of the roles of Th17 and Treg cells are warranted.
ESTUDO DE PATOLOGIAS EM ESTRUTURAS METÁLICAS E O IMPACTO AMBIENTAL NA PRODUÇÃO DO MATERIAL
Authors: Dos Reis Moreira Eloan Marlon , De Farias Bruno Matos , Souza da Silva Murilo Henrique , Ferreira de Oliveira Bruno Ricardo , Portela Fellipe De Souza , Sousa dos Santos Hagattacley Brum
Published: September 2019

A indústria siderúrgica é a maior indústria de manufatura de consumo de energia do mundo, com a maior participação na economia mundial. Na produção de ferro e aço no mundo, a China ocupa o primeiro lugar e o Japão e os EUA a seguem. No meio acadêmico há diversas pesquisas quando o assunto é patologia das estruturas, porém na maioria dos casos, o modelo de edificação adotado no estudo, é aquela na qual são construídas em concreto armado ou protendido. E quando o assunto é estruturas de madeira, se encontra menos ênfase do que as estruturas de concreto, e por fim, estudos de patologias em estruturas de aço, esta última por se tratar de um material com características e de natureza muito diferente da madeira e do concreto. Neste caso, a maioria dos problemas aparecem quando a utilização é mais específica, sendo inegável saber tratar com problemas dessas estruturas a fim de conseguir manter seu desempenho por toda a sua vida útil. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar alguns quantitativos de problemas de patologias em algumas construções em aço. Procurou-se ainda determinar respostas apresentando processos de reforço, reparos e manutenção, gerando então fatores para se evitar e controlar as causas dos problemas. O estudo se limita apenas às questões de impacto ambiental devido a produção do aço e as patologias nas estruturas metálicas.
A LEI GERAL E O DESENVOLVIMENTO LOCAL
Authors: Silva Flávia Rosa dos Santos da , Marques Heitor Romero
Published: September 2019

Com o tema voltado para a análise dos impactos que ocorreram diante do desenvolvimento das áreas rurais do município de Ivinhema/MS a partir da implantação do Projeto Prolocal e da implementação da Lei Geral para Micro e Pequenas Empresas [Lei Complementar nº 123, sancionada em 14 de dezembro de 2006], transformou-se em instrumento facilitador de inclusão produtiva dos pequenos negócios, na medida em que contribuiu para regularizar e ampliar vantagens competitivas e comparativas das pequenas empresas. O Sebrae/MS criou o Projeto de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Econômico dos Municípios (Prolocal) para dar continuidade à implementação da Lei Geral, investindo em 21 municípios como pilotos de ações estruturadas para orientação estratégica na formulação de projetos, treinamentos, consultorias, capacitação e instrumentos de avaliação e monitoramento de resultados. O Município de Ivinhema foi um dos municípios selecionados para a implantação do Projeto, pois atendeu aos requisitos do Edital nº 001/2011, lançado pelo Sebrae/MS. Objetivou-se com este estudo identificar os impactos que ocorreram diante do desenvolvimento das áreas rurais do município de Ivinhema/MS a partir da implantação do Projeto Prolocal e da implementação da Lei Geral. A metodologia empregada para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi a pesquisa empírico-analítica, seguindo dois tipos de abordagem: a diagnóstica e a quanti-qualitativa.
Firekeepers
Authors: Ragazzi Rossella
Published: September 2019

Sápmi is the term of the imagined nation of the Saami people, covering a territory that goes across Norway, Sweden, Finland and Northern Russia. The joik is the specific form of Saami chanting. It coveys lyrics, melody and throat singing techniques, with a high level of abstraction in rendering the relation to people, natural sites, places, animals and events,  that we attempted to understand contextually and historically.

The cultural complexity emerging in this multivocal and multisited project shows the embodiment of verbal recollections, gestures, conversations, lyrics, chants, improvisations, outbursts and secretive features of the Saami chanting endeavor.  Among the socio-political issues that the film addressed is the poignant reality of fading away languages: Southern Saami is today spoken by less than 500 speakers in Norway.
Dinoflagellate transformation v2
Authors: Wang Lu , Sprecher Brittany , Zhang Huan , Lin Senjie
Published: September 2019

Protocol of dinoflagellate cell transformation
Toplum ruh sağlığı merkezi hizmetlerinden yararlanan şizofreni tanılı hastaların yakınlarındaki bakım yükü: karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma
Authors: Gıynaş Ayhan Medine , Köse Ayşenur , Kırcı Ercan Seda , Yıldız Bozdoğan Şenay , Yardım Özayhan Hatice , Eren İbrahim
Published: September 2019

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to determine the care burden of the caregivers of the patients with schizophrenia taking services of Community Mental Health Center (CHMC) and to compare the results to the caregivers of the patients with schizophrenia who don’t take services of CHMC. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients with schizophrenia taking services of CMHC for at least 6 months and 35 patients with schizophrenia who don’t take services of CHMC. In addition, a relative (mother, father, sibling, etc.) who take care of these patients were included in the study. Sociodemographic information form was filled in for each individual and all caregivers were allowed to fill in the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI). Results: The total ZBI mean score of the caregivers of CHMC patients was 44.97 ± 10.24 and the total ZBI mean score of caregivers of outpatients was 52.33±14.67. There were statistically significant differences in psychological distress and deterioration of personal life, limitedness and irritability, and deterioration in social relations. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the increasing the number and functionality of CMHCs may be effective in reducing the care burden of individuals who take the responsibility for care of the patients with schizophrenia at home. These findings may guide the CHMC team that the caregiver should be involved in the follow-up and treatment process, and should be supported for the care of the patient.
Propuesta de métrica para evaluar los protocolos de enrutamiento y direccionamiento IP
Authors: Carroll Vargas Joel , Salazar Fajardo Santiago , Gómez Edward Jacinto
Published: September 2019

In this article the IPV4 and IPV6 addressing performance was compared using RIP, BGP and OSPF routing protocols in two scenarios, the first theoretical using the metric proposed in this article and the second using the JMeter tool to verify its performance. In both cases, the behavior of a server commonly used on the Internet was compared, the results show that the IPV4 performance is more optimal using IPV4 and BGP in real internet environments while the IPV6 shows better performance in theoretical devices and using the protocol OSPF and RIP.
Comparison of safety and efficacy of dextromethorphan and levocloperastine in treatment of dry cough: a randomized open label phase IV clinical trial
Authors: Ghosh Arijit
Published: September 2019

Background: To compare safety and efficacy of dextromethorphan and levocloperastine in treatment of dry cough.Methods: Patients fulfilling the selection criteria were randomized into two groups. Patients in group A were administered dextromethorphan cough lozenges (5 mg) thrice daily for 7 days. Patients in group B were administered syrup levocloperastine (20 mg/5 ml) 5 ml thrice daily for 7 days. Severity and frequency of cough, and Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) score were assessed at the end of day 7.Results: Levocloperastine significantly decreased (p<0.5) severity and frequency of cough compared to dextromethorphan at day 7. Levocloperastine also significantly increased LCQ score compared to dextromethorphan at day 7.Conclusions: Levocloperastine is significantly more effective compared to dextromethorphan in treatment of dry cough.
Nephroprotection of Withania somnifera root extract against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity: a histological evaluation in experimental Wistar rats
Authors: Kushwaha Vimlesh
Published: September 2019

Background: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside group of drug, used against aerobic gram negative bacteria, is known for nephrotoxicity. Herbal products have a special place in the world of pharmaceuticals with their safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) roots had known since long for its antioxidant status and free radical scavenging property. So W. somnifera can be used as nephroprotective agent because of free radical scavenging property.Methods: Total 54 rats were randomised in 3 groups named G10, G20 and G30 according to 10, 20 and 30 days of treatment. In each groups, rats were randomly assigned to any of the three subgroups i.e., control C group [received normal saline (2 ml/100 gm/day) orally consecutively for test duration], gentamicin treated GT group [received normal saline (2 ml/100 gm/day) orally consecutively for test duration and intraperitoneal gentamicin (40 mg/kg) once daily for last five days] and W. somnifera treated WST group [received W. somnifera orally (500 mg/kg/day) for the test duration and intraperitoneal gentamicin (40 mg/kg) once daily for last five days]. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose of gentamicin injection. Excised kidneys were weighted and prepared for histological examination.Results: The mean weight of kidneys in GT group was significantly higher than the WST group in all test durations indicating the antioxidant and free radical scavenging property. This was also reflected histologically as WST group kidney showed less amount inflammation as compared to GT group.Conclusions: W. somnifera root extract provide nephroprotection against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity.
The use of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in depression: a narrative review of the state of evidence
Authors: Abbas Alisha , Kumar Narendra , Choudhary Reshma
Published: September 2019

Multiple lines of evidence suggest that inflammation contribute to the pathophysiology of depression. Various studies have found that patients with major depression have higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein. As a consequence of above findings this narrative literature review was done to look for the role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors in the patients of depression. A web based search was done using the keywords like antidepressants, anti-inflammatory treatment, celecoxib, depression, neuro inflammation in well recognized databases like PubMed, Google scholar from the year 2006 to 2019 to come out with data that matches our inclusion criteria that have been pooled and critically analyzed. Although the exact mechanism remains to become elucidated the results suggest that COX-2 have beneficial role in treatment of depression and it may be used as an adjunct to the anti-depressant treatment as it may hasten the response to current treatment without any serious side effects.
Risk of hypertension with bevacizumab, an antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor A: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shah Mandar K. , Shah Mihika A. , Shah Sharan D.
Published: September 2019

Bevacizumab, a humanized antibody against VEGF, is effective in the treatment of patients with many cancers. However, as with many therapeutic agents, significant side effects are associated with bevacizumab, Hypertension is one of the predominant toxicity. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published clinical trials of bevacizumab to quantify the risk of hypertension. 15 studies following PRISMA guidelines and matching inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected in which a group of patients were either treated with Bevacizumab and a concurrent chemotherapy and another group treated with Placebo and the same chemotherapy. Relative risk (RR) was calculated. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the analysis. A total of 13,070 patients were included. Bevacizumab was associated with a significant increased risk of overall hypertension (RR=3.509; 95% C.I:2.451 to 5.023). 11 trials are included for determining the risk of Grade 3 hypertension including 8799 patients with a significant increased risk (RR=3.909; 95%C.I:1.983 to 7.707). 7 trials are included for determining the risk of hypertension at low dose (2.5 mg/kg/cycle) including 3691 patients associated with a significant increased (RR=2.640; 95%C.I: 1.408 to 4.950). 10 trials are included for determining the risk of hypertension at high dose (5 mg/kg/cycle) including 9379 patients associated with a significant (RR=4.036; 95%C.I: 2.948 to 5.525). Our meta-analysis has demonstrated that bevacizumab may be associated with a significantly increased risk of hypertension in patient with a variety of metastatic solid tumors irrespective of dosing.
Histopathological and Biochemical effects of aqueous leaf extract of Cadaba farinosa on the liver of adult Wistar Rats
Authors: Gamde Solomon M. , Kabiru Hauwa , Abdulazziz Aisha , Abubakar Khadijah A. , Musa Abdurahman A. , Perede Anthony
Published: September 2019

Background: Plants are important source of chemical substances with therapeutic effects. Although, the promising potentials for good number of medicinal plants are being established, there exists in developing countries where people resort to herbal plants without proper awareness of the associated risks particularly in event of excessive or chronic use. Hence, the need to evaluate the histological and biochemical effects of aqueous leaf extract of Cadaba farinosa used traditionally for treatments of gastrointestinal parasites, cancer and diabetes in North-Eastern Nigeria. To evaluate the histological and biochemical effects of aqueous leaf extract of Cadaba farinosa on liver of adult Wistar rats.Methods: Twelve adult Wistar rats of both sexes were used and divided into four groups of three rats each. Group 1 served as control. Aqueous leaf extract were orally administered for 28 days at doses of 100, 200 and 300mg/kg respectively. Biochemical and histological analysis were performed.Results: This study showed significantly elevated levels of aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase in animals treated with Cadaba farinosa (especially the highest dose 300mg/kg) compared to negative control. Elevated liver enzymes were corroborated by histopathological changes of liver exhibiting ballooning degenerations and steatohepatitis.Conclusions: Cadaba farinosa causes hepatic injury. Hence, further work needs to be done to ascertain whether reducing the dose of Cadaba farinosa would ameliorate this effect. Authors speculate that injury to multiple organelles including fat droplets and endoplasmic reticulum contribute to this characteristic finding.