bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking Case Study, Applying Sustainable -Eco - Building Assessment Method (SEBAM) in Greater Khartoum, Comparing with Global Systems
Authors: Khogali Hind
Published: May 2020

This sample was taken as benchmarking in (Abdelmoneim, H., 2019) which has got the higher points comparing with all the other samples studied in this research, is chosen for global assessment approach an excellent solution for the sustainable-eco-building assessment method (SEBAM).

This study aims is to present and analyses a benchmarking case study for sustainable eco-buildings in Greater Khartoum is the capital of Sudan, one of The greatest countries in north Africa.

The methodology is applying global assessment method to this case study, which is LEED, BREEAM, AGBC, ESTIDAMA and GSAS then compare the result with the local system came up of (Abdelmoneim, H., 2019), sustainable eco-building assessment method to evaluate residential buildings (SEBAM) to justify the results. The comparison is done in this research in the main categories and results. The outcomes show differences rather than similarities this will be discussed in the paper and come up by conclusion and recommendations.
Evaluation of Biorational Insecticides as Stand-alone Treatments for the Management of the Pigweed Flea Beetle, Disonycha glabrata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in Organic Production of Amaranthus spp.
Authors: Vorsah Roger V. , Dingha Beatrice N. , Sharma Harmandeep , Jackai Louis E.
Published: May 2020

The pigweed flea beetle, Disonycha glabrata, is the most damaging insect pest on Amaranthus spp. in the Piedmont zone of North Carolina (NC), United States. It is capable of causing severe yield loss on amaranth greens if uncontrolled. Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons (Summer 2017 and 2018) in Greensboro, NC, to evaluate OMRI-approved biorational insecticides against D. glabrata in organic amaranth production. Insecticides evaluated included Azatin® O (azadiractin), Ecotec® (oils: rosemary, peppermint and geraniol), Entrust® (spinosad) and PyGanic® (pyrethrins) as stand-alone threshold-driven treatments applied at recommended label rates. Insecticide treatment action threshold (AT) was 2 (on a scale of 5) representing 20-40% leaf damage. The efficacy of the insecticides against D. glabrata population differed significantly within the amaranth varieties in comparison to their respective controls: treatments with Entrust® and PyGanic® on Green Callaloo and Red Leaf recorded 80% reduction in beetle population while Ecotec® gave only a 15% beetle reduction. The Azatin® O treatments recorded the highest D. glabrata population, sometimes greater than the control. Marketable fresh leaf yield from both Green Callaloo and Red Leaf amaranth was highest in the Entrust® and PyGanic® treatments. Hopi Red-Dye and Molten Fire amaranths showed some resistance to beetle damage; they are also intrinsically low yielding. These findings provide information that would make organic amaranth production possible with only limited and safe insecticide input using OMRI-approved insecticides in a threshold-driven manner, an important step towards the sustainable management of D. glabrata and amaranth production.
Rediscovery of Dytiscus latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) on the southern edge of its distribution area in Central and Eastern Poland
Authors: Markowski Piotr , Buczyński Paweł
Published: May 2020

Dytiscus latissimus was recorded in a deep drainage ditch at the edge of the Bagno Bubnów fen in the Poleski National Park. Eight dead individuals (4♀♀ and 4 ♂♂) were found on 11.04.2019 in a poaching net for fish in which an otter Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1759) was caught and died. The remains of another three individuals (2♀♀ and 1♂) were found on the shore at the same site on 17.04.2020. This data is discussed on the background of data on the geographical distribution and habitat preferences of this species. The new record confirms the existence of a small island of its occurrence area in Central and Eastern Poland, the only one in the country outside the young glacial lake districts in the north-western and northern part of Poland. The new record also suggests that the habitat spectrum of the species may be at least locally wider than it is recognized – which is worth considering when looking for its potential sites.
Videolekser som ressurs for lesing og undervisning i lærerutdanning – En studie av hvordan samarbeid og partnerskap kan utvikles rundt lærerstudenters videoinnspilte leserefleksjoner
Authors: Hontvedt Magnus , Oddvik Morten , Næss Rakel Rohde
Published: May 2020

Denne artikkelen rapporterer fra et pågående designeksperiment der et konsept kalt «videolekser» ble introdusert for å få innsikt i lærerstudenters lese- og læringsprosess. Konseptet ble laget i samarbeid mellom underviserne på universitetet og en lærer i kombinasjonsstilling.Videoleksene innebar at studentene spilte inn korte filmer der de reflekterte over egen lesing før de møtte til undervisning. Prosjektet ble gjennomført i et masteremne (år 4 av 5) ved et norsk universitet. Studien følger til sammen 47 lærerstudenter som tok emnet i løpet av en to-årsperiode. Datamaterialet består av 118 refleksjonsvideoer. Materialet er kodet, og utvalgte utdrag fra filmene presenteres og analyseres med interaksjonsanalyse.I artikkelen synliggjøres videoleksene som en form for videobasert støtte til lærerstudentenes lese- og læreprosess, med mulighet for å komme i kontakt med studentenes ofte «tause» selvstendige lesing. Studien konkluderer med at bruken av video har potensial til å skape felles fokus, og under bestemte forutsetninger bidra til å skape partnerskap og relevans i lærerutdanningen.

Nøkkelord: partnerskap, kombinasjonsstillinger, IKT og læring, interaksjonsanalyse, videolekser

Video assignments as resources for reading and instruction in teacher education – A study on how collaboration and partnership can be developed around teacher students’ video-recorded reading reflections

AbstractThis study reports from an ongoing design experiment in which a concept called “video assignments” was introduced for accessing teacher students’ reading and learning process. The concept was designed in collaboration between lecturers at the university and a practicing teacher in a combined position.The video assignments entailed that students recorded short video clips in which they reflected on their reading prior to meeting in class. The project was conducted at a master’s level course (year 4 of 5) at a Norwegian university. There were 47 students who participated in the course over a two-year period, and the data material consists of 118 video reflections. The material was coded, and selected extracts from the videos are presented and analyzed by means of interaction analysis.In the article, the video assignments are displayed as a form of video-based support to the students’ studying and learning process, with opportunity for accessing the students’ often “silent” individual reading process. This study concludes that the use of video has potential for creating a common focal point, and under certain prerequisites contributing to creating partnership and relevance in teacher education.

Keywords: partnerships, combined positions, ICT and learning, interaction analysis, video assignments
"Du stinkar også". Ungdomsopprør og protestrørsler i dei palestinske leirane i Libanon
Authors: Sogge Erling Lorentzen
Published: May 2020

I flyktningleirane i Libanon utfordrar yngre opposisjonskrefter maktmonopolet til den eldre generasjonen i den palestinske nasjonalrørsla.
Between the Ideal and Artistic Practice. On Research into Ancient Sculptural Polychromy
Authors: Skovmøller Amalie
Published: May 2020

Antiquity is often synonymous with white marble. Such are the general expectations when visitors enter 21st century museum galleries hosting ancient sculpture. Yet, ancient marble sculptures have never been actually white. They were originally fully painted or otherwise coloured, and today they pose as controlled ruins build by decades of restorations, de-restorations and preservation manifested as encrusted layers and patina. As such they express the modern ideal, meaning ideas of aesthetics developed by 19th and 20th century museums. They do not reflect the ancient artistic practice or the ideas of aesthetics that once guided the ancient craftspeople. The experimental reconstructions -meaning painted copies of authentic sculptures- are therefore often met with suspicion and sometimes frustration, because they explore the artistic practice above the ideal. Unlike the ancient originals, the painted copies are not in any way visually authentic, but fully polychrome, and layers of paint are often applied in thick, opaque layers, thus failing to meet the ideas of aesthetics on behalf of the modern viewer. While the reconstructions serve as seminal research tools in the academic exploration and experimentation with colours on white marble sculptures, they have no precedents in the history of art. This article will therefore explore how reviews of these experimental reconstructions echoes ideas of aesthetics originating from the 19th century, and how a lack of confronting these ideas ultimately empowers the reconstructions with the potential to impose a much-needed material diversity to 21st century classical sculpture galleries.
Musealiserte relasjoner mellom liv og litteratur på Olav H. Hauge-senteret
Authors: Aarbakke Thea
Published: May 2020

This article investigates how one of the museums’ foremost communication tools, their exhibitions, negotiates the appearance of the Norwegian poet Olav H. Hauge’s life and literature, and the relations between them, by way of the exhibition’s material components and exhibition technologies. In the exhibition, authorship and author biography intersect and meet as a unique attribute of the exhibition space. How the author’s life and literature are communicated in the exhibitions and how the exhibition technologies affect the stories being told is the main focus of this analysis. Inspired by actor-network theory, the exhibition is analysed by situating museum props and exhibition technologies at the centre of the study.
Unbestimmte Scheinselbständigkeit
Authors: Zellerhoff Maximilian
Published: May 2020

Die Arbeit untersucht die Zulässigkeit der Strafverfolgung von Arbeitgebern im Kontext der Scheinselbständigkeit mit Blick auf § 266a StGB und das Bestimmtheitsgebot des Art. 103 II GG. Ausgangspunkt ist die im Sozialversicherungsrecht vorherrschende Rechtsunsicherheit bei der Abgrenzung der Selbständigkeit zur Beschäftigung. Dieses Konfliktfeld importiert das insoweit akzessorische Arbeitgebermerkmal des § 266a StGB in das Strafrecht, wodurch sich dessen Anwendungsbereich nicht mehr zweifelsfrei bestimmen lässt. Vor dem Hintergrund einer eingehenden Analyse insbesondere der sozialgerichtlichen Rechtsprechung konturiert die Arbeit den verfassungsrechtlich unbedenklichen Anwendungsbereich des § 266a StGB und ergründet methodische Wege zur Umsetzung der gebotenen Anwendungsbereichsbeschränkung. Dabei geht die Arbeit u.a. auch auf die Frage der Anwendbarkeit des Art. 103 II GG auf Vorfeldnormen normativer Tatbestandsmerkmale sowie das Problem der Normverunklarung durch die Exekutive ein.
Prevalence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM Genes in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated From Urinary Tract Infection Samples of Patients in the Intensive Care Unit in Qom, Iran
Authors: Lesani Shima Sadat , Soleimani Mohammad , Shakib Pegah , Zolfaghari Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2020

Background: Escherichia coli is considered as one of the causes of opportunistic infections. Nowadays, due to the increase in drug resistance, the treatment of these infections has become very difficult and they are recognized as the main causes of death in hospitalized patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes in E. coli strains isolated from the urinary tract infection in patients in Intensive Care Units of three different hospitals in Qom, Iran. Methods: This study was conducted in three months from October to December 2014. A total of 200 E. coli samples were taken from the patients with urinary tract infections in Intensive Care units of Qom hospital. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility pattern of antibiotic and phenotypic confirmatory tests for screening of the expanded spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) isolates. The presence of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes was evaluated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results: Of 200 samples, ampicillin (96%) and nitrofurantoin (19.5%) showed the highest and lowest drug resistance, respectively. A total of 156 isolates (78%) were identified as ESBLs using the phenotypic method. Moreover, 76 (38%), 90 (45%), and 123 (61.5%) isolates consisted of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM, respectively. Conclusions: Overall, the findings of this study showed that blaTEM was the most common gene with a frequency of 61.5% in ESBL E. coli.
Arrecadação e aplicação de recursos nas campanhas eleitorais
Authors: Silva Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo analisa a arrecadação e aplicação de recursos nas campanhas eleitorais. É importante refletir sobre o financiamento dos partidos e das campanhas eleitorais no Brasil, verificando quais as questões polêmicas que envolvem essa temática. Diante de todo o contexto histórico que envolve o sistema representativo brasileiro, algumas problemáticas surgem em âmbito eleitoral, despertando o interesse da doutrina e da sociedade, como é o caso da corrupção, que viola o patrimônio público e privilegia interesses particulares. Daí a importância de entender a problemática de como é realizado o financiamento de partidos e campanhas políticas no país?. Observa-se a discussão atual a respeito do investimento de recursos públicos para essa finalidade, sendo preciso identificar o que diz a doutrina a respeito do tema. Essa relação entre dinheiro e política sempre esteve marcada pela complexidade, principalmente em um estado democrático, no qual o cidadão passa a questionar ativamente o papel das instituições políticas na vida em coletividade. Os partidos políticos passam a competir por recursos, que são necessários para a sua própria existência. Assim, diante da importância de estudar cientificamente a questão, são sistematizados e analisados livros, artigos científicos e trabalhos acadêmicos que tratem do financiamento de campanha eleitoral.
STUDY OF COMPLEX FORMATION OF Co (II) WITH TRIGLYCINE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: Bychkova Svetlana A. N. , Gorboletova Galina G. N. , Frolova Kseniya O. N.
Published: May 2020

Peptides are an extensive class of both natural and synthetic organic compounds, many of which have high and diverse physiological activity. The relevance of the study of the complexing properties of tripeptides is determined by the large value of these compounds in biological processes, since peptides are a simplified fragment of proteins and are widely used in various sectors of the pharmaceutical industry. One of the representatives of low molecular weight tripeptides is glycyl-glycyl-glycine. In this work, the complex formation of triglycine with Co2+ ions at 298.15 K and I = 0.2 mol/l (KNO3) was studied by potentiometric titration. The study of the complexing properties of triglycine with Co2+ was carried out by the method of potentiometric titration with the ratios M:L = 1:1, 1:2, 1:5. For processing the experimental data, the universal program PHMETR was used, designed to calculate equilibrium constants with an arbitrary number of reactions from the measured equilibrium concentration of one of the particles. The existence of CoL, CoH-1L, CoL2 CoH-2L22–, CoL3–, CoH-3L34– complexes was established. Their stability constants were determined. And the probable structures of the resulting complexes were proposed. The results of this study show that the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the peptide group are involved in the processes of interaction between Co(II) and triglycine. This significantly changes the thermodynamics of the complex formation of short peptides in comparison with amino acids. The stability constants of cobalt (II) triglycinates obtained in this work allow one to carry out mathematical modeling of equilibria in multicomponent solutions, to predict the behavior of systems in a wide range of concentrations and pH. They can form the basis for generalizations concerning the structure and behavior of low molecular weight peptides in solution, and used for further studies, including calorimetric ones.
STUDY ON SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTROCATALYST CONTAINING PLATINUM, PALLADIUM, NICKEL FOR HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION IN ALKALINE MEDIUM
Authors: Ha Nguyen Thi Cam , Tho Nguyen Huu , Thuc Nguyen Van , Phuong Huynh Thi Lan
Published: May 2020

Several kinds of electrocatalyst based on platinum, palladium, and nickel with glassy carbon substrate were successfully synthesized by electrodeposition method, and then applied for water electrolysis in alkaline media. Surface morphology of materials was investigated with scanning electron microscopy method. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to find the content of each metal in bimetallic materials. The result showed that the number of noble metals was moderately decreased while the catalytic activities were slightly better than pure metal electrodes. Linear sweep voltammetry measurement was taken in KOH 1M solution to find the overvoltage of hydrogen evolution reaction and cyclic voltammetry method in 0.01M K3[Fe(CN)6]: 0.01M K4[Fe(CN)6] in 0.1M KOH was used to determine the reversible capacity of material electrodes. The linear sweep voltammetry measurements confirmed that the activities of new catalysts are higher than the origin materials. The binary catalyst of Pt-Ni can replace platinum for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline medium. Notably, the replacement of platinum atoms with palladium and nickel atoms, and the combination of good properties of them leads to improve the catalytic activity, and in the same time to decrease the catalyst cost. Once again, the electrochemical parameters open up a new prospect for the hydrogen produce.
RESEARCH OF POSSIBILITY OF USING CHEMICAL METHOD OF FINE METAL PARTICLES REDUCTION FOR BACTERICIDAL SORBENTS PRODUCTION
Authors: Farberova Еlena A. , Katysheva Anastasia Yu. , Tingaeva Elena A. , Smirnov Sergey A. , Starostin Andrey G.
Published: May 2020

The present paper is concerned with a research of sorption and bactericidal properties of the fine metal particles applied on the surface of active carbon fabric by chemical sedimentation method. The ascorbic acid and natrium borane were used in the study process as metals, copper and silver reducing agents. Influence of reducer and fine metal nature onto the porous structure, as well as bactericidal and sorption characteristics of obtained fibrous sorbent samples are shown. It is determined that use of ascorbic acid for synthesis of copper and silver fine particles on the active carbon fabrics surface leads to the considerable decrease in a specific surface and volumes of meso - and micropores of the obtained sorbent in comparison with initial active carbon fabric. When using the natrium borane as reducer of fine copper particles the decrease in a specific surface and volumes of sorption pores is also observed. However, when using the natrium borane, the active carbon fabric samples modified with silver particles or with their composition with fine copper particles, had the higher values of porous structure main characteristics in comparison with the initial active carbon fabric. The nature of distribution of fine metal particles at the active carbon fabric surface was investigated by the electronic microscopy method. It was found that during the chemical reduction process the particles of fine copper attached to active carbon fabric fibers, being almost evenly distributed at all surface of fabric. Particles of silver were located as crystal congestions along fibers. Sorption and bactericidal properties of the received samples of modified active carbon fabrics are investigated. Their high sensitivity to microorganism cells which remains during a long storage period is demonstrated. Herewith, the active carbon fabric, modified with particles of fine copper and silver, keeps high sorption properties.
SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES COATINGS FORMATION ON SURFACE OF POLYPROPYLENE ULTRATHIN FIBERS
Authors: Potekaev Alexander I. , Lysak Ilya A. , Malinovskaya Tatyana D. , Lysak Galina V.
Published: May 2020

New principles of silver nanoparticles coatings formation on the ultrathin fibers surface using electromagnetic radiation of the deci- and nanometer ranges for bactericidal modification of liquid media were proposed. Coating production involves the formation of silver nanoparticles as a result of photoreduction from an aqueous solution of AgNO3 with a concentration of 0.001M at the presence of ultrathin polypropylene fibers with their subsequent stabilization on the surface of the fibers with microwave radiation of the fiber material are initiated, which prevents agglomeration and stabilize silver nanoparticles on their surface. Ultrathin polypropylene fibers obtained as a result of pneumatic spraying of the melt are represented by an average diameter dav = 1.5-6 μm and a fairly wide lognormal distribution. The possibility of a two-step formation of coatings on the polymer fibers surface has been demonstrated using the method of numerical simulation of the self-assembly and self-organization of silver nanoparticles, taking into account the dissipation of their energy into the polymeric matrix through the exciton and phonon channels. It has been established that as a result of local microwave heating of silver nanoparticles, processes of the formation of supramolecular structures of the fiber material are initiated, which prevents agglomeration and stabilizes silver nanoparticles on their surface. The coatings obtained were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy. For example, silver nanoparticles formed and attached to the surface of fibers as a result of a ten-minute exposure to ultraviolet radiation have a size of 50 ± 18 nm. Studies of bactericidal activity showed that ultrathin polypropylene fibrous materials with coatings based on silver nanoparticles can effectively perform antibacterial treatment of natural waters with a high level of microbiological contamination. After 10 cycles of water purification, the amount of silver in the samples, according to atomic emission spectroscopy, remains unchanged.
DESTRUCTION OF STABLE EMULSIONS USING NANODISPERSED FULLERENES
Authors: Vakhitova Roza I. , Saracheva Diana A. , Kiyamov Ilgam K. , Sabitov Linar S. , Dumler Elena B.
Published: May 2020

This article describes the results of studies conducted by the authors to study the destruction processes of stable emulsion suspension sludge systems. Destruction processes are achieved by adding nanoparticles to demulsifying compositions. Currently, there is no universal composition of demulsifier that effectively destroys emulsions formed in oil sludges. To solve this problem, the authors conducted research on the creation of an effective demulsifier containing nanosized particles of fullerenes. The studies were carried out with dispersed oil-slurry emulsion-suspension systems, selected from open storage ponds of enterprises of JSC «Tatoilgaz» and JSC «TAIF-NK». For the destruction of the oil-containing system of the emulsion-suspension type, a composite mixture of complex action has been developed, which includes anionic wetting agents, nonionic surfactants, flotation reagents, detergents and alkaline buffer solutions that provide the required value of a constant indicator of the acid-base balance of the aqueous medium. A composite demulsifying mixture of complex action, which increases the effectiveness of the wetting washing action of surfactants, namely, the diphilic structure of the dispersed medium changes to hydrophilic, that is, the contacts of particles having a monophilic surface with the hydrocarbon phase of the emulsion medium are broken. Then the particles pass from the boundary of the phase separation into the water volume, thereby contributing to the destruction of the layers on the surface of emulsified water. The process of dehydration of petroleum products is intensified, the duration from 6 to 8 hours is reduced to from 3 to 4 hours. During the research, it was possible to intensify and increase the efficiency of the oil preparation process during its dehydration.
EFFECTIVENESS OF USE OF NANO FILLERS OF DIFFERENT TYPES IN POLYMERIC COMPOSITES
Authors: Aloyev Vladimir Z. , Zhirikova Zaira M. , Tarchokova Memunat A.
Published: May 2020

The paper provides a theoretical analysis of the effectiveness of using different types of nanofillers to produce high-strength polymer composites. Three basic types of nanoscale inorganic nanofillers were selected: dispersed nanoparticles (0D-nanofillers), carbon nanotubes and nanofibers (1D-nanofillers), and organoclay, graphene, etc. (2D-fillers). The relative modulus of elasticity, i.e. the degree of amplification, is used as the main criterion for the effectiveness of nanofillers. Within the framework of the percolation model, the amplification levels of nanocomposites for different types of nanofillers are determined depending on the relative volume fraction of nanofillers and interfacial regions. It is shown that interfacial regions in polymer nanocomposites are treated as a reinforcing element of the nanocomposite structure. To describe the surface structure of nanofiller particles, an effective value of the fractal dimension is used, which serves as a determining factor for the relative proportion of interfacial regions. At a condition that the fractal dimension of the structural framework of nanofiller particles cannot exceed the fractal dimension of the enclosing Euclidean space, the relative proportion of interfacial regions and, through it, the maximum degree of filling for the types of nanofillers under consideration are determined. The results of the theoretical evaluation of the maximum limit value of the fractal dimension of nanofiller particles carried out in this work show that the formation of a bulk frame of particles is possible only for anisotropic nanofillers, and dispersed particles form chains that do not change the structure of the polymer matrix in comparison with the matrix polymer. It is also found that for each type of nanofiller, there is a limit maximum degree of filling, which ultimately determines the limit maximum degree of amplification of the nanocomposite. These results allow us to conclude that the most effective for creating structural polymer nanocomposites is a dispersed nanofiller.
CHEMICAL INTERACTION IN MIXTURES МF + NaBr (М – K, Rb, Cs) UNDER THERMAL ACTIVATION
Authors: Garkushin Ivan K. , Istomova Mariya A. , Garkushin Alexey I. , Egortsev Gennadiy E.
Published: May 2020

The chemical interaction of equivalent amounts of MF+NaBr (M – K, Rb, Cs) was studied by differential thermal and X-ray phase analysis. A mechanism of interaction during thermal activation is proposed, including the formation of NaF+MBr products at the contact boundaries of the initial substance grains due to the diffusion of Na+ and M+ followed by contact melting of four substances that form a labile liquid phase below or equal to the melting points of low-melting triple eutectics. The labile liquid occurrence in the sample promotes rapid ionic interaction. The heating curves of equivalent amounts of two substance powdered mixtures corresponding to the unstable diagonals of triple irreversibly reciprocal systems made it possible to obtain data on the appearance of the liquid phase, the onset of exothermic reactions (the melting points of low melting eutectics), the melting temperatures of quasibinary eutectics on stable diagonals, and the melting temperatures of the mixtures. The crystallization of molten mixtures of equivalent amounts of two unstable substances of triple irreversibly reciprocal systems made it possible to determine the liquidus temperature at the point of complete conversion and the temperature of the crossing point on a stable diagonal. Therefore, the heating and cooling curves analysis provides information on the melting points of low-melting triple eutectics (570, 508 and 430 °C), the temperatures of the pass points (654, 644 and 606 °С) and the melting temperatures of the compositions corresponding to the full conversion points (798, 845 and ~840 °C) in the Na+,K+||F–,Br–, Na+,Rb+||F–,Br–, and Na+,Cs+||F–,Br– systems, respectively. Powdered substances exchange reactions can be used as low-potential exothermic compounds, as fuses, which turn off various reactors or plants when the liquid phase appears, and for the synthesis of inorganic substances.
INFLUENCE OF FLOCCULANT TYPE ON STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOCS IN CLAY-SALT SUSPENSIONS
Authors: Seredkina Olga R. , Rakhimova Olesya V. , Lanovetskiy Sergey V.
Published: May 2020

The results of studies on the effect of the flocculant type on the strength characteristics of floccules in clay-salt suspensions, obtained using a laser analyzer of particle size Lasentec D600L FBRM systems were presented in the article. The coefficients of strength and reduction of aggregates formed by polyacrylamide and its anionic and cationic copolymers were determined. Increasing the speed of mixing by using of polymers various types leads to the destruction of the formed aggregates in the flocculated suspension. The size of flocs induced by a cationic flocculant is reduced from 250 to 110 mm, for anionic and non-ionic flocculants - from 500 to 250 mm. The dependence of floc strength on the macromolecules adsorption mechanism on a solid surface was established. The decrease in hydrodynamic effects entails the partial restoration of floccules. It was shown that the recovery of flocs for all studied polymers was limited, which indicates a significant irreversibility of the aggregates destruction process. When using cationic flocculant, the ability to restore the aggregates is 2.5 times lower compared to anionic and non-ionic polymers. For nonionic and anionic polymers, the dependence of flocs coefficients of strength and recovery on the flocculant dosage was established. Dosage of cationic polymer does not affect these indicators. The dynamics of flocculation, destruction and reflocculation processes using various flocculants was considered. The influence of the charge type and polymer consumption on the mechanism of particles interaction was established. The potential possibility of using the obtained results to improve the technology of potassium chloride production at the stages of thickening and dehydrating clay-salt sludge was shown.
THERMOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ACID-BASE REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF PYRIDOXINE
Authors: Lytkin Alexander I. , Krutova Olga N. , Krutov Pavel D. , Dudar Victoriya V. , Tyunina Elena Yu.
Published: May 2020

Vitamin B6 is one of the most important vitamins necessary for the life of living organisms. Vitamin B6, which in the body is represented by coenzyme forms - pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate, is a part of more than 100 enzymes. As the object of study, we chose pyridoxine. The thermal effects of interaction of the solution of pyridoxine with solutions of nitric acid and potassium hydroxide at 298.15K and ionic strength values of 0.25; 0.5 and 0.75 against the background of electrolyte-supporting potassium nitrate were measured with direct calorimetric method. The measurements were carried out in a calorimeter with an isothermal shell equipped with a 60 cm3 reaction vessel and electric calibration at T = 298.15 ± 0.01 К and P = 100.5 ± 0.7 kPa and automatic recording of the temperature-time curve. Relative measurement error for heats of dissolution of a standard substance was -0.1-0.3%. Calculation of the equilibrium composition of the system taking into account processes a step dissociation and water dissociation was carried out according to the KEV program. The thermal effects of dissociation of pyridoxine in a standard solution were found by extrapolating the heats of stepwise dissociation at fixed values of ionic strength to zero ionic strength. Since the thermal effects of dilution were measured in three concentration ranges of KNO3, the number of experiments in each series was at least three. To calculate the confidence interval of the average value of DН the Student's criterion was taken at a confidence interval of 0.95. Standard thermodynamic characteristics (DrH°, DrG°, DrS°) of reactions of acid-base interaction in aqueous solutions of pyridoxine were calculated. With an increase in the background electrolyte concentration, the endothermicity of stepwise pyridoxine ionization processes increases.
POTENCIJALI SIVE VODE ZA NAVODNJAVANJE URBANOG ZELENILA: OSVRT NA STANJE U REPUBLICI SRBIJI
Authors: Dabić Bojana , Mladenović Emina , Grabić Jasna
Published: May 2020

Voda je neophodna za opstanak živog sveta na Zemlji. Imajući u vidu da je ona ograničen resurs, dapotrebe za njom rastu, kao i da se na različite načine zagađuje, obezbeđivanje vode dobrog kvaliteta iu dovoljnim količinama predstavlja globalni problem. Međutim, upotrebom pijaće vode za zalivanje iodržavanje urbanih zelenih infrastruktura može doći do brže nestašice njenih rezervi, te je neophodnoomogućiti dodatne izvore vode za zalivanje urbanog zelenila. Iz tih razloga, u ovom radu je dat predlogprimene sive vode za zalivanje u urbanim sredinama, sa ciljem očuvanja vodnog resursa i održavanja zeleneinfrastrukture, a istovremeno ne narušavajući i ne ometajući razvoj biljaka i njihov estetski kvalitet.U svetu, praksa zalivanja sivom vodom je u velikoj meri primenjena. Siva voda je domaća otpadna vodaporeklom iz veš mašine, umivaonika, kade, tuša, sudopera i mašine za pranje posuđa i isključuje crnuvodu iz toaleta i pisoara. Nemogućnost odvajanja različitih komunalnih otpadnih voda, s obzirom da jeu upotrebi komunalni infrastrukturni sistem koji sakuplja svu otpadnu vodu na jedno mesto pritom jemešajući u različitim koncentracijama, predstavlja poteškoće prilikom sakupljanja sive vode. Preliminarnaistražavanja na području Republike Srbije ukazuju na mogućnost primene otpadne vode za zalivanje,što je posebno važno za održavanje zelenih infrastruktura tokom sušnog perioda. Ovaj vid zalivanjaurbane vegetacije može značajno doprineti području na kom se koristi, kako sa ekonomskog, tako i saekološkog aspekta.
BUTTERFLY FAUNA (HESPEROIDEA & PAPILIONOIDEA) OF MOUNTAIN BORJA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Dukić Branislava
Published: May 2020

The paper deals with the fauna of butterflies of Borja Mt, located in the northern part of the Republicof Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina), to the west of the town of Teslić. Although the mountain is situatedin a favorable and accessible geographical position, its fauna of butterflies has remained almost unexplored.During two years of research, a total of 63 species of butterflies were identified on 21 locations.Even though the recorded number represents only 34% of the butterfly fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina,it is important to point out that 36 of them are registered for the first time with regard to Borja Mt.
Out of Eden: Old South, Post-South and Ur-South in Sara Taylor’s The Shore
Authors: Petrelli Marco
Published: May 2020

Sara Taylor’s The Shore is ex-centric in many ways. As for the setting, it geographically and socially depicts a fringe of the already-peripheral Appalachian culture, shedding a new and interesting light on the Southern “sense of place” through the use of magical-realistic elements that actually connect characters and landscape. Geography, though, is but the palimpsest. The book’s liminality is further reinforced by the fact that The Shore’s long and violent familiar history is chiefly narrated through the voices of six generations of women struggling not to be silenced by the all-embracing southern patriarchy. Considering both the psycho-geographical and socio-historical dimensions described by Taylor, this essay will show how The Shore stands as a counter-dynastic novel giving a voice to those who were excluded from the South’s self-projected image-in-place. Also, through its comprehensive outlook on southern history, the novel chronicles the (frustrated) effort to overcome postmodern placelessness via an-other way of constructing southern identity.
Wither the South on Screen: Revisiting Some Recent Releases
Authors: Liénard-Yeterian Marie
Published: May 2020

My article deals with the construction of a different South on screen in the posthuman context. It focuses on the way previous idealized embodiments of the South on film are being displaced to give way to an alternative South on screen informed by our contemporary aesthetics characterized by violence and human reification. The filmic South increasingly coheres with the historical South through the rewriting of formulaic tropes such as the plantation, the Southern belle and gentleman, and the staging of significant historical moments such as the Nat Turner rebellion and the Civil War. Recent releases perform national cultural work at a time when the demons of Southern history have come back to haunt the national imagination, as recent events such as the shooting at Immanuel church (June 2015) and Charlottesville (October 2017) have tragically shown.
Estimates of the global burden of Japanese encephalitis and the impact of vaccination from 2000-2015
Authors: Quan Tran Minh , Thao Tran Thi Nhu , Duy Nguyen Manh , Nhat Tran Minh , Clapham Hannah
Published: May 2020

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease, known for its high mortality and disability rate among symptomatic cases. Many effective vaccines are available for JE, and the use of a recently developed and inexpensive vaccine, SA 14-14-2, has been increasing over the recent years particularly with Gavi support. Estimates of the local burden and the past impact of vaccination are therefore increasingly needed, but difficult due to the limitations of JE surveillance. In this study, we implemented a mathematical modelling method (catalytic model) combined with age-stratifed case data from our systematic review which can overcome some of these limitations. We estimate in 2015 JEV infections caused 100,308 JE cases (95% CI: 61,720–157,522) and 25,125 deaths (95% CI: 14,550–46,031) globally, and that between 2000 and 2015 307,774 JE cases (95% CI: 167,442–509,583) were averted due to vaccination globally. Our results highlight areas that could have the greatest benefit from starting vaccination or from scaling up existing programs and will be of use to support local and international policymakers in making vaccine allocation decisions.
Limitation of adipose tissue by the number of embryonic progenitor cells
Authors: Hedbacker Kristina , Lu Yi-Hsueh , Dallner Olof , Li Zhiying , Fayzikhodjaeva Gulya , Birsoy Kıvanç , Han Chiayun , Yang Chingwen , Friedman Jeffrey M
Published: May 2020

Adipogenesis in adulthood replaces fat cells that turn over and can contribute to the development of obesity. However, the proliferative potential of adipocyte progenitors in vivo is unknown (Faust et al., 1976; Faust et al., 1977; Hirsch and Han, 1969; Johnson and Hirsch, 1972). We addressed this by injecting labeled wild-type embryonic stem cells into blastocysts derived from lipodystrophic A-ZIP transgenic mice, which have a genetic block in adipogenesis. In the resulting chimeric animals, wild-type ES cells are the only source of mature adipocytes. We found that when chimeric animals were fed a high-fat-diet, animals with low levels of chimerism showed a significantly lower adipose tissue mass than animals with high levels of chimerism. The difference in adipose tissue mass was attributed to variability in the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue as the amount of visceral fat was independent of the level of chimerism. Our findings thus suggest that proliferative potential of adipocyte precursors is limited and can restrain the development of obesity.
Maf and Mafb control mouse pallial interneuron fate and maturation through neuropsychiatric disease gene regulation
Authors: Pai Emily Ling-Lin , Chen Jin , Fazel Darbandi Siavash , Cho Frances S , Chen Jiapei , Lindtner Susan , Chu Julia S , Paz Jeanne T , Vogt Daniel , Paredes Mercedes F , Rubenstein John LR
Published: May 2020

​Maf (c-Maf) and Mafb transcription factors (TFs) have compensatory roles in repressing somatostatin (SST+) interneuron (IN) production in medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) secondary progenitors in mice. Maf and Mafb conditional deletion (cDKO) decreases the survival of MGE-derived cortical interneurons (CINs) and changes their physiological properties. Herein, we show that (1) Mef2c and Snap25 are positively regulated by Maf and Mafb to drive IN morphological maturation; (2) Maf and Mafb promote Mef2c expression which specifies parvalbumin (PV+) INs; (3) Elmo1, Igfbp4 and Mef2c are candidate markers of immature PV+ hippocampal INs (HIN). Furthermore, Maf/Mafb neonatal cDKOs have decreased CINs and increased HINs, that express Pnoc, an HIN specific marker. Our findings not only elucidate key gene targets of Maf and Mafb that control IN development, but also identify for the first time TFs that differentially regulate CIN vs. HIN production.
Differences in reward biased spatial representations in the lateral septum and hippocampus
Authors: Wirtshafter Hannah S , Wilson Matthew A
Published: May 2020

The lateral septum (LS), which is innervated by the hippocampus, is known to represent spatial information. However, the details of place representation in the LS, and whether this place information is combined with reward signaling, remains unknown. We simultaneously recorded from rat CA1 and caudodorsal lateral septum in rat during a rewarded navigation task and compared spatial firing in the two areas. While LS place cells are less numerous than in hippocampus, they are similar to the hippocampus in field size and number of fields per cell, but with field shape and center distributions that are more skewed toward reward. Spike cross-correlations between the hippocampus and LS are greatest for cells that have reward-proximate place fields, suggesting a role for the LS in relaying task-relevant hippocampal spatial information to downstream areas, such as the VTA.
Type I interferon underlies severe disease associated with Junín virus infection in mice
Authors: Hickerson Brady T , Sefing Eric J , Bailey Kevin W , Van Wettere Arnaud J , Penichet Manuel L , Gowen Brian B
Published: May 2020

Junín virus (JUNV) is one of five New World mammarenaviruses (NWMs) that causes fatal hemorrhagic disease in humans and is the etiological agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF). The pathogenesis underlying AHF is poorly understood; however, a prolonged, elevated interferon-α (IFN-α) response is associated with a negative disease outcome. A feature of all NWMs that cause viral hemorrhagic fever is the use of human transferrin receptor 1 (hTfR1) for cellular entry. Here, we show that mice expressing hTfR1 develop a lethal disease course marked by an increase in serum IFN-α concentration when challenged with JUNV. Further, we provide evidence that the type I IFN response is central to the development of severe JUNV disease in hTfR1 mice. Our findings identify hTfR1-mediated entry and the type I IFN response as key factors in the pathogenesis of JUNV infection in mice.
Choosing Primary Care: Factors Influencing Graduating Osteopathic Medical Students
Authors: Stefani Katherine M. , Richards Jesse R. , Newman Jessica , Poole Kenneth G. , Scott Shannon C. , Scheckel Caleb J.
Published: May 2020

Context

Access to primary care (PC) improves health outcomes and decreases health care costs. The shortage of PC physicians and shifting physician workforce makes this an ongoing concern. Osteopathic medical schools are making strides to fill this void. Considering the critical need for PC physicians in the United States, this study aims to identify factors related to choosing a PC specialty.

Objective

To understand possible motivations of osteopathic medical students pursuing a career in PC specialties by examining the role of sex and the influence of 5 key factors in this decision.

Methods

Responses from the annual American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine graduate survey (2007-2016) were analyzed. Self-reported practice decision considerations of 5 key factors, including (1) intellectual and technical content, (2) debt level, (3) lifestyle, (4) prestige/income level, and (5) personal experience and abilities were summarized, and their subjective value was contrasted between osteopathic medicine graduates pursuing PC specialties vs those pursuing non-PC specialties.

Results

The mean percentage of graduates pursuing PC and non-PC specialties from 2007 to 2016 was 31.3% and 68.7%, respectively. Women were 1.75 times more likely to choose PC than men (95% CI, 1.62-1.89). Regardless of specialty choice, lifestyle was the most important factor each year (1027 for PC [75.3%] vs 320 for non-PC [63.3%] in 2016; P<.0001). Students entering PC were more likely to report prestige and income level to be “no or minor influence” compared with students entering non-PC specialties (P<.0001). Debt level was more likely to be a “major influence” to students choosing to enter non-PC specialties than to those entering PC (P<.0001), and the percentage of non-PC students has grown from 383 in 2007 (22.9%) to 833 in 2016 (30.6%).

Conclusion

Sex was found to significantly influence a graduate's choice of specialty, and female graduates were more likely to enter practice in PC. Each of the 5 survey factors analyzed was significantly different between students entering PC and students entering non-PC specialties. Lifestyle was deemed a major influencing factor, and responses suggested that debt level is a strong influencing factor among students pursuing non-PC specialties.
Paracoccidiodomicosis suprarrenal
Authors: Román-González Alejandro , Toro Juan Pablo , Arias Luis F.
Published: May 2020

La insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria es un defecto en la producción de glucocorticoides, mineralocorticoides y andrógenos sexuales. Los pacientes afectados por esta condición se caracterizan por concentraciones bajas de cortisol y deficiencia de aldosterona con hiponatremia e hiperpotasemia concomitantes.La etiología más común es el desarrollo de anticuerpos contra la enzima 21 hidroxilasa.Otra causa importante de la insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria son las enfermedades infecciosas, en especial en los países de bajos ingresos. Entre las causas infecciosas que se han descrito se encuentran: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, el complejo de Mycobacterium avium, Neisseria meningitidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, citomegalovirus, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatiditis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cocciodiodes immitis, Nocardia spp. y Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.En este artículo se presenta la imagen de la tomografía de un paciente que presentó falla suprarrenal, con masas en las glándulas suprarrenales, cuya biopsia permitió establecer el diagnóstico final de paracoccidioidomicosis.