bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why failed asylum seekers should have a conditional right to stay: an ethical guideline for policy debates
Authors: Hadj Abdou Leila , Kollar Eszter
Published: March 2024

This article aims to reconcile the moral rights of failed asylum seekers with the integrity of the asylum system. Can the state grant failed asylum seekers a right to stay without undermining the core purpose of the refugee system? Can the state sometimes return those whose asylum claim has failed without violating their moral rights? The article argues that restricting the rights of asylum seekers and reducing the length of the asylum process raise ethical concerns and practical problems. It emphasizes that liberal states should charitably interpret the norms of international protection. It proposes to extend the right to stay on social membership grounds qualified by a good faith condition, and limit returns to those that have lodged their claim in bad faith. Engaging with the good/bad faith distinction the article aims to counteract a culture of suspicion towards asylum seekers by clarifying what it really means to launch a claim in bad faith and to realign its scope in a morally appropriate way.
Barriers and enablers to engagement in exercise and physical activity in non-English speaking South Asian people with chronic musculoskeletal disease
Authors: Maricar Nasimah , Yeowell Gillian , David Trixy , Khan Behram , Barton Anne , Hyrich Kimme L , Hartley Sandra E
Published: March 2024

Background

Exercise and physical activity (EPA) are recommended for people with chronic musculoskeletal disease; however, lower levels of engagement with EPA has been consistently reported in people from the South Asian community across a range of diseases. As language can pose a significant barrier in healthcare, this study aimed to understand the enablers and barriers to the acceptance of EPA among non-English speaking South Asian people who attended rheumatology clinics.

Methods

12 non-English speaking individuals from the South Asian community who had chronic musculoskeletal disease with significant pain scores were interviewed via telephone or face-to-face in their spoken languages. The audio recordings of the interviews were translated into English and transcribed verbatim. Data was analysed using thematic analysis implemented in the NVivo 12 Pro software program.

Results

The mean age was 52 years (9 women and 2 men). One main theme was identified: ‘Enablers and barriers to exercise and physical activity’. Enablers to EPA were having knowledge about the benefits of EPA, being given resources in a language that they understood, and supportive environments such as having access to community facilities for those who could not undertake EPA in their houses. Barriers included physical health such as pain and fatigue, lack of time, difficulties with transportation to exercise venues, dislike of group exercises and lack of understanding of what and how to do exercise and be physically active. Participants’ beliefs about EPA and whether they impacted their physical health seemed to influence whether they were undertaken or not. There was a perception that their culture shaped their compatriots’ beliefs about EPA, and it was not normal practice for people from their country of birth to engage in it.

Conclusions

This is the first qualitative study to explore the barriers and enablers to engagement in EPA in non-English speaking South Asian people with chronic musculoskeletal disease. Modifiable factors such as addressing the level of knowledge on the benefits of EPA in the management of chronic joint and muscle pain; aiding the development of the skills required to exercise safely and confidently despite chronic pain and providing information and services in the native language could promote the EPA engagement of non-English speaking South Asian individuals with chronic musculoskeletal disease. The findings may inform improvements within clinical services to promote the benefits, impact and self-efficacy of engagement with EPA as part of chronic musculoskeletal disease management.

Ethics approval

The West Midlands-Edgbaston Research Ethics Committee (reference:20/WM/0305).
Mechanical shunt failure in hydrocephalus: a common but remediable complication with technical nuances
Authors: Fayaz Mohsin , Khalid Azhar , Wani Abrar Ahad , Arif Sajad Hussain
Published: March 2024

Background

A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a cerebral shunt that diverts excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Obstruction in the normal outflow or decreased absorption of the fluid is the usual cause. Hydrocephalus is treated by cerebral shunts.In paediatric patients, untreated hydrocephalus can be lethal and leads to many adverse effects including increase irritabilities, chronic headaches, learning difficulties, visual disturbances, and, in more advanced cases, severe mental retardation. Malfunction of the shunt with excess CSF accumulated can increase the intracranial pressure resulting in cerebral oedema and ultimately herniation.

Objective

To study and evaluate the mechanical causes of shunt failure and their surgical remedies and reduce the preventable morbidity, cost and mortality associated with shunt failure.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational study including 70 patients who developed pure mechanical shunt failure for the first time from 2017 to 2020 in the Department of Neurosurgery Sher-i-kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences. Patients with previous shunt surgeries which include VP shunting and shunt revision or failure and shunt infections were excluded. Identity of all the patients has been kept anonymus. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients or their guardians in case of minors. Shunt malfunction was in the form of catheter misplacement, kinking, displacement from the ventricle or peritoneal cavity, disconnection, migration,inadvertent suturing of the catheter, air in shunt bulb.

Results

We found kinking at the proximal end in 25 (35%) patients as the most common cause of shunt failure. It was mostly as a result of inadequate and less spacious tunnelling made for the reservoir. Inadvertant suturing of shunt while closing abdomen in 7 (10%), shunt disconnection in 6 (8.5%), air in shunt bulb in 2 (2.8%), wrong placement at ventricular end in 10 (14.2%), shunt migration into the brain parenchyma in 5 (7.1%), shunt migration through the anal canal in 1(1.4%), pseudomeningocele around catheter valve in 3 (4.2%), placement of lower end into the preperitoneal space in 4 (5.7%) patients.

Conclusions

Shunt surgery is seemingly a straightforward operation for neurosurgeons. But considering the incidence of shunt failure and its associated morbidity and mortality, it should always be done with trepidation and extreme caution. Exclusive mechanical shunt malfunction is a major concern and leads to great deal of morbidity in the shunt operations. However, there are trivial remedies and technical nuances which needs to be followed during surgery to avoid these complications.
Coil embolization of a giant pseudoaneurysm associated with a disrupted axillary artery: a case report
Authors: Oka Naoki , Kuriyama Akira , Ishisaka Yukio
Published: March 2024

Background

Stent-graft placement is generally used to treat pseudoaneurysm (PSA) of the axillary artery (AA) trunk to maintain the patency of peripheral vessels. Coil embolization of a PSA associated with a disrupted AA trunk has rarely been reported.

Case presentation

A 54-year-old woman presented with swelling of her right shoulder. She had had a right proximal humeral fracture 12 years earlier. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and subsequent angiograms revealed a giant PSA at the disrupted, distal right AA. There were collateral flows to the brachial artery from the proximal to the right AA. To preserve collateral flows to the brachial artery, selective embolization of the inflow artery that derived from the distal AA was performed with hydrogel-coated coils. The post-embolization arteriogram showed no flow into the PSA, but collateral flows to the brachial artery we preserved. The post-embolization course was uneventful. The patient regained warmth in her right arm and hand on post-embolization day 4. Repeat CECT on post-embolization day 9 confirmed blood-flow to her right radial artery.

Conclusions

While a stent-graft should be used if the AA trunk can be preserved, coil embolization should be considered for PSA if the AA trunk is disrupted but collaterals are preserved.
Dual drug-loaded cubosome nanoparticles for hepatocellular carcinoma: a design of experiment approach for optimization and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Badiger Poorvika , Mannur V. S. , Koli Rahul
Published: March 2024

Background

Liver cancer, a formidable and complex disease, poses a significant global health threat, stemming from various causes, including chronic infections like hepatitis B and C, cirrhosis, and lifestyle factors. In liver cancer treatment, targeted delivery revolutionizes precision therapy, minimizing side effects by directing drugs specifically to cancer cells. This study aims to develop and statistically optimize cubosomal formulations containing piperine and quercetin with the goal of augmenting their activity against hepatocellular carcinoma.

Results

Employing a central-composite design, we utilized Design-Expert® software to guide the experiment. The key formulation variables were the concentration of glyceryl monooleate (GMO) and Poloxamer-407, while the dependent responses were particle size (PS) and entrapment efficiency (EE%). The optimized cubosomal formulation was validated through the utilization of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), in vitro release studies, and an in vitro cell proliferation assay conducted on the HepG2 cell line. High-performance liquid chromatography was employed for the determination of piperine and quercetin in the optimized cubosomal nanoparticle. The optimized formulation had a composition of 2.5 (w/w%) GMO and 0.5 (w/w%) Poloxamer 407. The predicted values for PS and EE% were 102.34 and 75.11%, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the optimized cubosomal formulation exhibited enhanced efficacy on the HepG2 cancer cell line, even at lower concentrations, when compared to the standard. Notably, it demonstrated a superior cytotoxic effect on the liver cancer cell line.

Conclusion

The findings of the study indicated that cubosomes exhibit promise as an effective carrier for delivering piperine and quercetin, addressing hepatocellular carcinoma effectively.

Graphical abstract
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Psychosocial Care Use Among Adults With Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis Across Six New York City Health Systems
Authors: Pinheiro Laura C. , An Anjile , Zeng Caroline , Walker Desiree , Mercurio Anne Marie , Hershman Dawn L. , Rosenberg Shoshana M.
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE

A metastatic breast cancer (mBC) diagnosis can affect physical and emotional well-being. However, racial and ethnic differences in receipt of outpatient psychosocial care and supportive care medications in adults with mBC are not well described.

METHODS

Adults with mBC were identified in the INSIGHT-Clinical Research Network, a database inclusive of >12 million patients receiving care across six New York City health systems. Outpatient psychosocial care was operationalized using Common Procedure Terminology codes for outpatient psychotherapy or counseling. Psychosocial/supportive care medications were defined using Rx Concept Unique Identifier codes. Associations between race/ethnicity and outpatient care and medication use were evaluated using logistic regression.

RESULTS

Among 5,429 adults in the analytic cohort, mean age was 61 years and <1% were male; 53.6% were non-Hispanic White (NHW), 21.4% non-Hispanic Black (NHB), 15.9% Hispanic, 6.1% Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (A/NH/PI), and 3% other or unknown. Overall, 4.1% had ≥one outpatient psychosocial care visit and 63.4% were prescribed ≥one medication. Adjusted for age, compared with NHW, Hispanic patients were more likely (odds ratio [OR], 2.14 [95% CI, 1.55 to 2.92]) and A/NH/PI patients less likely (OR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.78]) to have an outpatient visit. NHB (OR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.51 to 0.68]) and Asian (OR, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.29 to 0.46]) patients were less likely to be prescribed medications.

CONCLUSION

Despite the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and distress among patients with mBC, we observed low utilization of psychosocial outpatient care. Supportive medication use was more prevalent, although differences observed by race/ethnicity suggest that unmet needs exist.
Machine learning models reveal distinct disease subgroups and improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy for individuals with pathogenic SCN8A gain-of-function variants
Authors: Hack Joshua B. , Watkins Joseph C. , Hammer Michael F.
Published: March 2024

Distinguishing clinical subgroups for patients suffering with diseases characterized by a wide phenotypic spectrum is essential for developing precision therapies. Patients with gain-of-function (GOF) variants in the SCN8A gene exhibit substantial clinical heterogeneity, viewed historically as a linear spectrum ranging from mild to severe. To test for hidden clinical subgroups, we applied two machine-learning algorithms to analyze a dataset of patient features collected by the International SCN8A Patient Registry. We used two research methodologies: a supervised approach that incorporated feature severity cutoffs based on clinical conventions, and an unsupervised approach employing an entirely data-driven strategy. Both approaches found statistical support for three distinct subgroups and were validated by correlation analyses using external variables. However, distinguishing features of the three subgroups within each approach were not concordant, suggesting a more complex phenotypic landscape. The unsupervised approach yielded strong support for a model involving three partially ordered subgroups rather than a linear spectrum. Application of these machine-learning approaches may lead to improved prognosis and clinical management of individuals with SCN8A GOF variants and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of the disease.
The Dynamics of Locomotor Neuromuscular Fatigue during Ramp-Incremental Cycling to Intolerance
Authors: Baldwin Molly M. , Chadwick Matthew R. , Benson Alan P. , Rossiter Harry B. , Ferguson Carrie
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Traditional neuromuscular fatigue assessments are not task-specific and are unable to characterize neuromuscular performance decline during dynamic whole-body exercise. This study used interleaved maximal isokinetic cycling efforts to characterize the dynamics of the decline in neuromuscular performance during ramp-incremental (RI) cycle ergometry exercise to intolerance.

Methods

Eleven young healthy participants (10 male/1 female) performed two RI cycle ergometry exercise tests to intolerance: [1] RI-exercise with peak isokinetic power (Piso) at 80 rev·min-1 measured at baseline and immediately at intolerance from a maximal ~6 s effort; [2] RI-exercise where additional Piso measurements were interleaved every 90 s to characterize the decline in neuromuscular performance during the RI-test. Muscle excitation was measured using EMG during all Piso assessments, and pulmonary gas exchange was measured throughout.

Results

Baseline Piso was 832 ± 140 W and RI-exercise reduced Piso to 349 ± 96 W at intolerance (p = 0.001), which was not different from flywheel power at intolerance (303 ± 96 W; p = 0.292). There was no reduction in Piso between baseline cycling and gas exchange threshold (GET; baseline Piso vs. mean Piso below GET: 828 ± 146 vs. 815 ± 149 W; p = 1.00). Piso fell progressively above GET until intolerance (Piso every 90 s above GET: 759 ± 139; 684 ± 141; 535 ± 144; 374 ± 117 W; each p < 0.05 vs. baseline and mean Piso below GET). Peak muscle excitation (EMG) was also reduced only above GET (73 ± 14 % of baseline, at intolerance; p < 0.05). However, the reduction in peak Piso preceded the reduction in peak muscle excitation.

Conclusions

The dynamics of the decline in neuromuscular performance (reduction in Piso and EMG) during RI-exercise are consistent with known intensity-dependent metabolic and traditional pre-post neuromuscular fatigue responses to discrete bouts of constant-power exercise.
Spatio-temporal characteristics of Tuberculosis in Ghana
Authors: Iddrisu Abdul-Karim , A. Amikiya Emmanuel , Kwame Bukari Francis
Published: March 2024

Background Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a prominent contributor to global mortality, standing as the second most fatal infectious disease and holding the seventh position among the top ten causes of death in Ghana. There is insufficient literature regarding the utilization of Bayesian hierarchical models, specifically within the framework of Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA), for examining the spatial and spatio-temporal dynamics of tuberculosis risk in Ghana. This study addresses this gap by determining TB hotspots regions in Ghana using the Bayesian modeling framework within the INLA. Methods TB data were sourced from the Ghana Health Service and National Tuberculosis Programme for the 10 administrative regions of Ghana, from 2008 to 2017. The relative risk of TB for each region and year was estimated utilizing Bayesian spatial and spatio-temporal modeling frameworks. Baseline predictors of TB risk were also considered. Maps for TB risks were created to visualized regions with TB hotspots. Model fitting and parameter estimation were conducted using R version 4.3.2. Results Among the baseline predictors, factors such as TB cure rate, TB success rate, knowledge about TB, HIV prevalence, percentage of literacy, and high income were found to be most significant in influencing the TB risk across the ten regions in Ghana. We noted an increased risk of TB infection in the Northern zone and the Eastern and Greater Accra regions in the Southern zone. Spatio-temporal distribution of TB infection risk was predominantly concentrated in the Southern zone. Clustering of TB risk was observed among neighboring regions. Conclusion To achieve a significant reduction in TB cases, it is essential to allocate resources to TB hotspots regions and also implement measures to control significant predictors of TB infection risk.
A review of ultrasound contrast media
Authors: Oglat Ammar A.
Published: March 2024

Efforts have been made over the last five decades to create effective ultrasonic contrast media (UCM) for cardiac and noncardiac applications. The initial UCM was established in the 1980s, following publications from the 1960s that detailed the discovery of ultrasonic contrast enhancement using small gaseous bubbles in echocardiographic examinations. An ideal contrast medium for echography should be nontoxic, capable of being injected intravenously, able to travel through pulmonary, cardiac, and capillary circulations, and stable for recirculation. Examples of current commercial contrast media include Definity, Optison, Sonazoid, and SonoVue, which have demonstrated potential for various clinical purposes, both on- and off-label. Several possible UCMs have been developed or are in progress. Advancements in comprehending the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of microbubbles have significantly improved the visualization of tumor blood vessels, the identification of areas with reduced blood supply, and the enhanced detection of narrowed blood vessels. Innovative advances are expected to enhance future applications such as ultrasonic molecular imaging and therapeutic utilization of microbubbles.
Content analysis of policy documents related to non-communicable diseases prevention and control in Sri Lanka: a developing country in the South-East Asia
Authors: Talagala Ishanka , Abeysena Chrishantha , Wickremasinghe Rajitha
Published: March 2024

Background Health policies form the foundation for provisioning best level care and are important for all stakeholders including patients and healthcare providers. Health policy analysis and evaluation allows policy makers to improve an existing policy, terminate a non-effective policy and to successfully implement future policies. The objective was to assess the coherence between the two local policy documents on NCD prevention and control in Sri Lanka, the national NCD policy (NCD policy) and the multisectoral action plan (MSAP), and to assess the consistency of MSAP with the global action plan for NCDs. Methods The content analysis of the NCD policy and MSAP of Sri Lanka was conducted based on the modified criteria developed to the ‘Analysis of determinants of policy impact’ model, by two reviewers independently. Coherence between MSAP and the global NCD action plan were also assessed by two reviewers independently. Consensus for discrepancy was achieved through discussion. Results Accessibility was the strongest criteria for the NCD policy, while, resources and obligations were the weakest. Goals and monitoring and evaluation criteria were the strongest in the MSAP. Requirement for improvement were identified in policy background, goals, monitoring and evaluation, and public opportunities for the NCD policy. Accessibility, policy background, resources, public opportunities and obligations require further improvement in the MSAP. The MSAP is well coherent with the global road map for NCD prevention and control. Conclusion Policy documents related to NCD prevention and control in Sri Lanka are coherent with the global action plan, while, there are areas within the local policy documents that need to be improved to enhance the coherence between the local documents. Lessons learnt by this activity need to be utilized by Sri Lanka and other countries to improve the uniformity between the NCD policy documents within the country as well as internationally.
Impacts of illegal trade on socio-emotional and behavioural skills in macaques
Authors: Rey Amapola , Padrell Maria , Llorente Miquel
Published: March 2024

Decades of research have illuminated the consequences of early adverse rearing experiences in laboratory macaque populations. However, limited knowledge exists about the impact of traumatic episodes in non-laboratory environments. This study delves into the repercussions of illegal trade on socio-emotional and behavioural skills in five macaque species, all victims of poaching. We categorised their past experiences into seven aspects, encompassing maternal care and interactions with conspecifics. We assessed social engagement and cooperation by analysing social behaviours and employing the Social Responsiveness Scale. Emotional resilience was evaluated by measuring anxiety levels and the occurrence of abnormal behaviours, supported by a welfare questionnaire. Additionally, the introduction of Cattell’s 16PF questionnaire in macaques for the first time aimed to reveal the influence of traumatic experiences on their personality traits. Our findings emphasise the significance of early social exposure. The lack of juvenile social contact predicts reduced social behaviours and an inclination towards social avoidance in adulthood. Macaques raised by humans tend to exhibit more abnormal behaviours in social contexts, compromising their welfare. Deprivation of social exposure in infancy negatively impacts psychological stimulation and overall welfare. The duration of time spent in illegal trade correlates with heightened anxiety levels. Personality traits such as ‘Calmness’ and ‘Unfriendliness’ are influenced by rearing conditions, with macaques deprived of social interaction during their early years showing higher levels of introversion. In conclusion, the absence of social exposure during early life and hand-rearing due to illegal trade significantly shape macaques’ personality traits and their social and emotional skills.
Awareness of lung cancer risk factors and symptoms in Syria: an online cross-sectional study
Authors: Alibrahim Hidar , Bohsas Haidara , Swed Sarya , Abouainain Yasmeen , Almoshantaf Mohammad Badr , Nasif Mohamad Nour , Kazan Lazaward , Alnadaf Rawan Farid , Schkeif Nadim , Al Ali Raghad , Sawaf Bisher , Swed Enas , fathey Sherihan , Rashid Gowhar , Hafez Wael
Published: March 2024

Background Globally, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer fatalities and the second most frequent cancer. Population knowledge of the features of lung cancer is a crucial strategy for early diagnosis and decreasing the mortality rate of lung cancer patients. In this study, we aim to assess the Syrian population’s knowledge of lung cancer and its risk factors and to measure awareness of symptoms related to lung cancer. Methods This national cross-sectional study was conducted between October 12 to November 21, 2022, in Syria. We included Syrian people above 18 years from all Syrian governorates. The questionnaire consisted of three categories of questions: sociodemographic information, awareness of lung cancer symptoms, and awareness of lung cancer risk factors. Results Overall, 2251 participants were involved in this research; almost half of them (47.3%) were aged between 21-30 years, and 30.9% indicated they are smoking cigarettes. The overall mean score of knowledge regarding closed questions about risk factors of lung cancer was 4.29; however, the mean score of knowledge regarding open questions about symptoms of lung cancer was 1.52. About half of the study sample (51.3%) indicated that unexplained weight loss is a possible symptom of lung cancer. Our findings showed that cigarette smokers have a lower probability of having adequate knowledge toward lung cancer risk factors than a non-smoker (AOR=0.73, COR=0.68, P-value<0.05). We also defined that females have higher statistically significant odds (AOR=1.3, COR=1.38, P-value<0.05) for being knowledgeable about the symptoms of lung cancer compared to the male sample study. Conclusion According to our findings, there is inadequate knowledge toward lung cancer risk factors and moderate knowledge of lung cancer symptoms. Along with educational programs to raise public knowledge of the dangers of smoking and other LC risk factors, effective tobacco control policy execution is crucial.
OLEAtool: An open-source software for morphopalynological research in Olea europaea L. pollen
Authors: Servera-Vives Gabriel , Ricucci Cristina , Snitker Grant
Published: March 2024

In this paper we present OLEAtool, a new software tool for palynological research to facilitate morphological analysis and measurements of Olea pollen. OLEAtool is a macro extension for use with ImageJ, an open-access and freely available image analysis software, and was developed as a component of the OLEA-project. This larger project examines olive tree expansion and mosaic landscape formation on the Balearic Islands. Pollen analysis of both fossil and modern grains has been proven useful for characterizing cultivars and therefore an important method for studying olive tree cultivation in the Mediterranean. However, these methods still struggle with distinguishing between wild and cultivated varieties. Traditional morphological analysis of pollen grains can be a difficult and time-consuming task. However, OLEAtool dramatically increases the speed of collecting data on pollen grains, expands the number of variables an analyst can measure, and greatly enhances the replicability of morphological analysis.
A search tool based on language modelling developed for The Index of Middle English Prose
Authors: HONKAPOHJA Alpo , Thaisen Jacob , Nøklestad Anders
Published: March 2024

Non-standardised early vernaculars present a problem for search tools due to the high degree of variation. The challenge lies in the variation found in orthography, syntax, and lexicon between titles, incipits, and explicits in manuscript copies of the same work. Traditional search methods relying on exact string matching or regular expressions fail to address these variations comprehensively. This project presents a web-based search tool specifically designed to handle linguistic and textual variation. The software is made available as a part of the Index of Middle English Prose (IMEP). The search tool addresses the issue of variation by utilizing a database of incipits and explicits, character-based n-gram language models (LMs) built with the Stanford Research Institute Language Modelling (SRILM) toolkit, and a fuzzy search script (IMEP: FSS) written in Python. The tool optimizes for recall, retrieving multiple potential matches for a search string, without attempting to identify the ‘correct’ one. The search process involves looking up exact matches in the database while simultaneously using the fuzzy search script to evaluate the incipits and explicits against a model of the search string, followed by a match of the search string against models of the incipits and explicits. This two-step process shortens the processing time, which would otherwise be unreasonably long, because while using SRILM to match the search string against each incipit or explicit in the IMEP for precision could be time-consuming, running a first step where all texts are matched against a single LM built from the search string allows for faster processing. A web application, built using Django and Docker, combines the results of the direct database lookup and the fuzzy search script, presenting them as a list with exact matches followed by fuzzy matches ordered by increasing model perplexity. The tool is made available Open Access and can be adapted to other datasets.
Szkic do portretu urzędników guberni północno-zachodnich Rosji do końca lat pięćdziesiątych XIX wieku na przykładzie urzędników izb skarbowych
Authors: Korybut-Marciniak Maria
Published: March 2024

Artykuł stanowi próbę ukazania sytuacji społeczno-prawnej pracowników aparatu administracyjnego w guberniach północno-zachodnich Cesarstwa Rosyjskiego do końca lat pięćdziesiątych XIX w. Przybliża pochodzenie społeczne i narodowe, wykształcenie, sytuację rodzinną i ekonomiczną urzędników zatrudnionych w izbach skarbowych. W celu scharakteryzowania grupy zawodowej posłużono się materiałami zachowanymi w archiwach litewskich i białoruskich. Opisy stanu służby pracowników izb skarbowych: wileńskiej, grodzieńskiej i mińskiej pozwoliły zidentyfikować 225 urzędników. Przeprowadzona analiza ukazuje środowisko konstytuującej się warstwy inteligencji, wywodzącej się głównie ze zdeklasowanej szlachty polskiego pochodzenia.
Stan wojenny w Królestwie Polskim (1861–1905)
Authors: Wiech Stanisław
Published: March 2024

Artykuł analizuje problem zniesienia stanu wojennego w Królestwie Polskim. W przeciwieństwie do jednorazowego i jednoznacznie brzmiącego aktu ogłaszającego wprowadzenie stanu wojennego, jego odwołanie i zniesienie nie zostało oficjalnie ogłoszone. Odbywało się etapami na mocy wielu wydanych po 1863 r. szczegółowych rozporządzeń i regulacji prawnych, które potraktowano jako wycofanie się z systemu rządów wojskowo-policyjnych. Zagadnienie omówione zostało z wieloma odniesieniami do Ziem Zabranych, z wykorzystaniem dokumentacji urzędowej centralnych władz Królestwa Polskiego przechowywanej w rosyjskich archiwach.
Na odsiecz Serbii. Nieznany epizod z kariery wojskowej gen. Jerzego Wołkowickiego w okresie służby pod banderą św. Andrzeja w latach pierwszej wojny światowej
Authors: Herma Marek
Published: March 2024

Artykuł przedstawia nieopisany dotąd w literaturze przedmiotu epizod z kariery wojskowej gen. Jerzego Wołkowickiego w okresie jego służby w Rosyjskiej Cesarskiej Marynarce Wojennej. Podczas I wojny światowej Wołkowicki dowodził oddziałem marynarzy przeszkolonych w zakresie użycia broni minowej i torpedowej, który w 1914 r. został przerzucony dunajskim szlakiem rzecznym do Serbii z zadaniem postawienia zagród minowych na Dunaju i Sawie, aby ograniczyć możliwości prowadzenia działań operacyjnych przez austro-węgierską Flotyllę Dunajską na podejściach do Belgradu.
Muzyka epoki hałasu. Recepcja Odlewni stali Aleksandra Mosołowa w międzywojennej Polsce
Authors: Łotysz Sławomir
Published: March 2024

W 1931 r. miała w Polsce miejsce premiera utworu Odlewnia stali sowieckiego kompozytora Aleksandra Mosołowa. Kompozycja należała do popularnego wówczas nurtu „muzyka maszyn”. Wykonania tego utworu budziły duże emocje wśród polskiej publiczności nie tylko z uwagi na styl artystyczny, ale również na przekaz ideowy oraz poglądy polityczne kompozytora. Kwestia muzyki inspirowanej odgłosami przemysłu przeniknęła również do dyskusji wokół problemu hałasu w środowisku człowieka.
Lokalna władza i życie codzienne mieszkańców białoruskiej wsi pod niemieckim panowaniem w latach 1941–1944
Authors: Mironowicz Eugeniusz
Published: March 2024

Niemcy na obszarze okupowanej Białorusi na najniższe szczeble administracji powołali przedstawicieli miejscowej ludności. Ściśle określili zakres obowiązków, sposoby ich wykonania oraz system kar za zaniedbania. Głównym zadaniem lokalnej administracji było organizowanie obowiązkowych dostaw kontyngentów żywnościowych dla potrzeb wojska i ludności III Rzeszy oraz robotników do pracy na terenie Niemiec. Kierownicy administracji gminnej odpowiadali także za organizację robót publicznych, głównie przy budowach i remontach szlaków komunikacyjnych. Mieszkańcy wsi białoruskiej byli zmuszeni oddawać swoje zasoby żywnościowe Niemcom, walczącym z nimi partyzantom sowieckim i członkom różnych grup zbrojnych bez określonego charakteru politycznego.
Kilka refleksji na temat początków pieriestrojki w ZSRR
Authors: Gordziejew Jerzy
Published: March 2024

Niniejsze rozważania stanowią głos w dyskusji o stanie polskich badań nad pieriestrojką w ZSRR na podstawie analizy prac Alicji Stępień-Kuczyńskiej. W artykule podjęto próbę weryfikacji funkcjonujących w nauce schematów interpretacyjnych, a także zawarto wskazówki co do ewentualnych kierunków refleksji nad schyłkowym okresem dziejów tego państwa poprzez poszerzenie bazy źródłowej, m.in. wykorzystanie rosyjskich zasobów archiwalnych oraz analizę myśli politycznej i ekonomicznej.
Fixed point for mappings of asymptotically nonexpansive type in Lebesgue spaces with variable exponents
Authors: Benavides Tomas Domínguez
Published: March 2024

Assume that $(\Omega, \Sigma, \mu)$ is a $\sigma$-finite measure space and
$p\colon\Omega\to [1,\infty]$ a variable exponent. In the case of a purely atomic
measure, we prove that the w-FPP for mappings of asymptotically nonexpansive
type in the Nakano space $\ell^{p(k)}$, where $p(k)$ is a sequence in $[1,\infty]$,
is equivalent to several geometric properties of the space, as weak normal structure,
the w-FPP for nonexpansive mappings and the impossibility of containing isometrically
$L^1([0,1])$. In the case of an arbitrary $\sigma$-finite measure, we prove that this
characterization also holds for pointwise eventually nonexpansive mappings.
To determine if the w-FPP for nonexpansive mappings and for mappings of asymptotically nonexpansive type are equivalent is a long standing open question \cite{Ki3}.
According to our results, this is the case, at least, for pointwise eventually nonexpansive mappings in Lebesgue spaces with variable exponents.
Modular version of Goebel-Kirk theorem
Authors: Kozlowski Wojciech M.
Published: March 2024

In this paper we prove a fixed point theorem for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings acting in modular spaces. This result generalises the 1972 fixed point theorem by
K. Goebel and W.A. Kirk. In the process, we extend several other results (including the Milman-Pettis theorem)
from the class of Banach spaces to the larger class of regular modular spaces.
PERCEPCIONES SOBRE LA LACTANCIA MATERNA Y CARACTERÍSTICAS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICAS DE UN GRUPO DE MADRES ADOLESCENTES COLOMBIANAS
Authors: Cardozo Najla de Oliveira , López Erica Bibiana Quiñónez , Peña Homara Yurley Pulgarín , Higuita Julitza Ospina , Torres Sandra Yaneth Toro , Ramírez Yudi Paulina García
Published: March 2024

La baja adherencia a la lactancia materna en los primeros seis meses de vida del bebé es un gran problema en Colombia. Investigar las percepciones de las madres adolescentes es esencial para el incentivo a la lactancia materna exclusiva. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las percepciones sobre la lactancia materna y describir las características sociodemográficas de madres adolescentes lactantes que participan en el Programa de Crecimiento y Desarrollo de la Corporación Hospital San Juan de Dios UniRemington en Colombia. Se trata de un estudio observacional cualitativo transversal realizado entre 2020 y 2021 mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Estas se realizaron según un guión de preguntas abiertas a madres adolescentes que amamantan a bebés menores de 2 años, utilizando grabadora de audio, diarios de campo y datos sociodemográficos obtenidos de registros hospitalarios. La muestra y resultados se basearon en la saturación de datos, según las narrativas organizados en temas a partir del análisis temático junto con repeticiones de observaciones y descripciones de datos sociodemográficos. De las diez jóvenes, el 70% tenía un bajo nivel de escolarización y su percepción de la lactancia estaba relacionada con su conocimiento de los beneficios de la lactancia para la nutrición del bebé y el vínculo madre-hijo, pero con muchas dificultades esta realidad se ha convertido en una utopía. Hubo una díada de alegría y dolor en las vivencias. Se concluyó que las percepciones estaban relacionadas con la falta de apoyo médico y familiar para madres adolescentes. Se sugieren más estudios en diferentes poblaciones maternas.
Conhecimento e percepção de autoeficácia e eficácia coletiva de professores sobre o Guia Alimentar
Authors: Almeida Ramine Mirelle Mendes Pereira , Pereira Mariana Mendes , Cunha Anne Caroline , Silveira Marise Fagundes , Brito Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo , Lopes Wanessa Casteluber , Pinho Lucinéia de
Published: March 2024

Introdução: No processo de educação em saúde para que o indivíduo mude seus hábitos de saúde, é necessário que tenha conhecimentos, apresente crenças de autoeficácia positivas e compartilhe a eficácia coletiva. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento e a percepção de autoeficácia e eficácia coletiva de professores sobre o Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Método: Realizou-se estudo transversal no período de dezembro de 2019 a dezembro de 2020. A população do estudo foi composta por 1.491 professores da Educação Básica da rede pública municipal de ensino de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Para a amostra, estimou-se o tamanho mínimo de 511 professores e foi utilizado um questionário on-line para coleta de dados. Quanto a avaliação do conhecimento, percepção de autoeficácia e eficácia coletivados professores sobre o Guia Alimentar, utilizaram-se escalas autoadministradas e previamente validadas. Os dados coletados foram categorizados e processados eletronicamente através do software Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), versão 22.0. Resultados: Na análise do desempenho dos professores quanto ao Guia Alimentar, observou-se que 79,7% (474) dos profissionais apresentaram baixo conhecimento; 70,4% (419), baixa autoeficácia; e 69,1% (411), baixa eficácia coletiva. O alto conhecimento entre os docentes foi associado à maior renda percapita (p= 0,004). A alta autoeficácia foi associada ao maior grau de escolaridade (p= 0,031). A alta autoeficácia coletiva foi associada às variáveis renda (p=0,035) e escolaridade (p=0,004). Conclusão: Os professores do presente estudo demonstraram baixo conhecimento e baixa percepção de autoeficácia e eficácia coletiva sobre o Guia Alimentar.
A participação das famílias nas ações de alimentação em escolas para a promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável
Authors: Ribeiro Roberta Maria Miranda , Lins Jaqueline Dourado , Moreira Isabella Caroline Ferreira , Bógus Cláudia Maria
Published: March 2024

Introdução: Os instrumentos e estratégias de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional de escolas públicas brasileiras devem apoiar pessoas, famílias e comunidades a adotarem práticas alimentares que favoreçam o desenvolvimento da autonomia e do exercício da cidadania. Objetivo: Compreender como escolas e famílias, a partir de suas ações conjuntas, podem favorecer a promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável. Métodos: Pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, na modalidade de estudo de caso, realizada em duas escolas públicas de ensino fundamental, que incluíram no Projeto Político-Pedagógico ações de alimentação e a participação das famílias. Utilizaram-se observação participante, diário de campo, entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos focais com os membros da comunidade, analisados por triangulação de métodos qualitativos. Para as entrevistas e grupos focais, foram feitas transcrição, categorização e análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: As categorias temáticas “Interação entre os atores sociais” e “Participação das famílias no espaço escolar” mostraram as possibilidades de ações conjuntas no papel coletivo de educadores. A organização da comunidade em grupos de responsabilidade conferiu sentido à participação social, rompeu com o suposto desinteresse pelas ações de alimentação e viabilizou a atuação nos processos decisórios da escola. Como desafios, têm-se a desconfiança recíproca e a dificuldade de promover reflexão coletiva para solucionar conflitos e disputas. Conclusões: O estabelecimento de parcerias bem-sucedidas entre escola e família coloca crianças e adolescentes no centro do debate, alusiva à função coletiva de todos como educadores, explorando características individuais e coletivas para as ações promotoras da alimentação adequada e saudável.
Vivências no processo de aleitamento materno de mães de recém-nascidos prematuros internados em um hospital público do município de Guarapuava-PR
Authors: Cabreira da Silva Tortorella Catiuscie , Cremasco Bruna Reis , Protcz Gabriele , Chuproski Saldan Paula , Komechen Brecailo Marcela , Zanellato Carla , Protcz Emanuele
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Descrever os relatos de vivências no processo de amamentação de mães de recém-nascidos prematuros. Método: Estudo qualitativo realizado com mães de recém-nascidos prematuros, internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, de um hospitalpúblico de Guarapuava-PR, no período de junho a julho de 2018, mediante aplicação de um instrumento com questões fechadas e outro com questões relacionadas à amamentação de prematuros. Foram incluídas no estudo mães que já haviam amamentado seus filhos ao seio ou por meio da ordenha mamária, e excluídas mães com idade inferior a 18 anos ou que apresentavam condições clínicas que as impediam de amamentar,  cujos filhos estavam internados em período menor que três dias. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 10 mães de recém-nascidos prematuros, das quais 70% tinham idade gestacional de 32 a 36 semanas, 10% de 28 semanas e 20% de 29 semanas gestacionais. As mães relataram dificuldades em manter a pega e a sucção do leite materno e sentimentos de nervosismo, receberam apoio dos profissionais e familiares no incentivo à amamentação e no cuidado humanizado pela equipe de saúde. Conclusões: Diante do conhecimento das dificuldades encontradas pelas mães na amamentação de prematuros, é possível estabelecer medidas para evitar o desmame precoce, respeitando a autonomia da mãe no cuidado ao bebê.
"Porque nós estamos todos doentes": desafios do cuidado às pessoas com obesidade na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempo de Covid-19
Authors: Christino Viviane Goveia , Brandão Ana Laura , Seixas Cristiane Marques , Teléfora Katiana dos Santos , Casemiro Juliana Pereira
Published: March 2024

Introdução: A pandemia de Covid-19 implicou mudanças significativas no funcionamento e nas demandas da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), impactando na organização do trabalho e dos cuidados às pessoas com obesidade e outras doenças crônicas. Objetivo: Descrever os desafios e estratégias para o cuidado às pessoas com obesidade no contexto da sindemia de COVID-19 na perspectiva dos profissionais da APS. Métodos: Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com trabalhadores de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) no município do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: Desde os primeiros casos de Covid-19, a organização do trabalho na UBS foi modificada pelas recomendações de distanciamento social, pelo medo de contágio e a sobrecarga dos trabalhadores. Atendimentos de rotina, assim como atividades coletivas, incluído o cuidado às pessoas com obesidade, foram interrompidos. No entanto, a identificação da obesidade como fator de risco para agravamento da Covid-19 desdobrou-se em priorização no que tange ao monitoramento e à vacinação. Conclusão: A retomada das rotinas nas UBSs aponta grandes desafios no cuidado às pessoas com obesidade, repercutindo na precarização das condições de vida da população e prejudicando a organização do trabalho na APS.
Home Help
Authors: Willis Paul
Published: March 2024

CET&D talks to HCA president and head of IoT at Samsung Yoon Ho Choi to discuss the brave new world of connected home tech.
Play it Safe
Authors: Willis Paul
Published: March 2024

Shortcomings in child safety standards can have fatal consequences, as the death of a US toddler tragically revealed. CET&D looks at what electronics makers can do to ensure their products are child safe.
Face Facts
Authors: Kaur Mankirat
Published: March 2024

From facial recognition to fingerprint scanning, biometrics are now commonplace in consumer electronics. But how do biometrics developers test and standardize this increasingly important technology?
In Service of the Selfie
Authors: Corning Anne
Published: March 2024

Under-display smartphone cameras are growing in popularity. Radiant Vision Systems surveys the technical challenges and testing requirements for this latest advance in front-facing camera technology.
Latest updates on structure and recommendations of cardiac rehabilitation programs in chronic heart failure
Authors: Kourek Christos , Briasoulis Alexandros , Magouliotis Dimitrios E , Skoularigis John , Xanthopoulos Andrew
Published: March 2024

Chronic heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a medically supervised program designed to maintain or improve cardiovascular health of people living with HF, recommended by both American and European guidelines. A CR program consists of a multispecialty group including physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, trainers, nutritionists, and psychologists with the common purpose of improving functional capacity and quality of life of chronic HF patients. Physical activity, lifestyle, and psychological support are core components of a successful CR program. CR has been shown to be beneficial in all ejection fraction categories in HF and most patients, who are stable under medication, are capable of participating. An individualized exercise prescription should be developed on the basis of a baseline evaluation in all patients. The main modalities of exercise training are aerobic exercise and muscle strength training of different intensity and frequency. It is important to set the appropriate clinical outcomes from the beginning, in order to assess the effectiveness of a CR program. There are still significant limitations that prevent patients from participating in these programs and need to be solved. A significant limitation is the generally low quality of research in CR and the presence of negative trials, such as the rehabilitation after myocardial infarction trial, where comprehensive rehabilitation following myocardial infraction had no important effect on mortality, morbidity, risk factors, or health-related quality of life or activity. In the present editorial, we present all the updated knowledge and recommendations in CR programs.