bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphology and phenology in Picea abies seedlings in response to split short day treatments
Authors: Fløistad Inger Sundheim , Granhus A
Published: May 2020

Short-day (SD) treatment is used by forest nurseries to induce growth cessation in Picea abies seedlings. SD treatment may however increase the risk of reflushing in autumn and earlier bud break the following spring. We tested how different starting dates and durations of SD treatment influenced on morphological and phenological traits. Regardless of timing and duration of the SD treatment, height growth was reduced compared to the untreated controls. Seedlings given split SD (7+7 days interrupted with two weeks in long days) had less height growth than all other treatments. Root collar diameter growth was significantly less in control seedlings than in seedlings exposed to early (7 or 14 days) or split (7+7 days) SD treatment. There were also differences in the frequency of reflushing and bud break timing among the SD treated seedlings, dependent on duration and starting date. If the SD treatment started early, a continuous 14-day SD treatment was not sufficient to avoid high frequencies of reflushing. However, by splitting the SD treatment into two periods of 7+7 days these negative effects were largely avoided, although spring bud break occurred earlier than in the controls.
Genetic diversity and differentiation of even-aged Norway spruce stands in Latvia
Authors: Rungis Dainis , Lībiete Zane , Korica Anna , Katrevičs Juris , Jansons Āris , Veinberga Ilze , Jansons Jurģis
Published: May 2020

Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) is an important species in Latvia both ecologically and economically, and has been subjected to silvicultural management in Latvia since at least the middle of the 19th century. Forest regeneration activities starting in the 1960s resulted in the establishment of spruce stands with uncertified and often undocumented reproductive material. These spruce stands were often established by sowing, and no research or clear guidelines regarding the optimal density were available. As a result, many spruce stands were established and maintained at a high density. The growth of young spruce stands is initially slow, with annual height increment of 10-20 cm until the trees reach height of approximately two meters and in favourable growth conditions this stage is followed by a rapid increase in all stand parameters. However, the growth of some even-aged pure spruce stands abruptly declines at the age of approximately 40 years, while in other stands of similar age and composition this decrease or collapse is not observed. A comprehensive survey of even-aged spruce stands in Latvia has been undertaken, and factors influencing this decline in the growth potential of even-aged spruce stands have also been investigated, however, the genetic diversity and differentiation of even-aged spruce stands has not been investigated. A total of 19 SSR markers were utilised to genotype the 7 even aged spruce stands with differing growth potential. The genetic analysis and comparison of the perspective and non-perspective even-aged spruce stands indicated that the genetic diversity was not decreased in the non-perspective stands, and that genetic differentiation between stands and groups with differing growth potential assessments was low. The results obtained in this study suggest that the growth potential of even-aged Norway spruce stands is more dependent on the influence of environmental factors and management regime than genetic factors. This is a positive message, as in this case the conditions may be changed by the application of suitable management regime.
Forests as the key component of green belts surrounding urban areas
Authors: Szczepańska Agnieszka , Senetra Adam
Published: May 2020

The development of Polish cities leads to the urbanization of the surrounding rural areas. This process induces changes in the land-use structure, which is manifested by the expansion of urbanized and developed areas at the expense of open areas. The National Urban Development Plan until 2030 has introduced the concept of obligatory green belts around metropolitan and regional hubs to prevent uncontrolled suburbanization and to promote rational urban development. Green belts are protective areas that serve numerous functions, increase the quality of life and promote the ecological cohesion of space. Green belts limit urban sprawl and maintain urban open spaces that are accessible to city residents for recreational purposes. They also contribute to the local climate and act as sanitary cordons. The main components of green belts are green spaces, river valleys and forests. Therefore, the size as well as the distribution of forests around urban centers are important considerations. This study analyzes the distribution and spatial continuity of forests and the spatial relationships (spatial autocorrelations) between the forests situated in the rural suburbia of Olsztyn in north-eastern Poland. Suburban municipalities were analyzed at the level of cadastral districts (villages). The aim of the analysis was to evaluate the spatial continuity of forests by grouping similar objects and identifying areas which could be included in green belts. The location quotient (LQ) and Gini’s coefficient were taken into account in the analysis of the spatial distribution of forests. Local Moran’s statistics were calculated and spatial clusters were identified to illustrate the diversity of the examined suburban space based on the similarity of the neighboring objects (cadastral districts) and to determine the statistical significance of these relationships. The results of the study reveal spatial irregularities and disproportions in the distribution of forests in the suburban zone of Olsztyn as well as the presence of local instabilities and discontinuities. The applied methods are a useful tool for evaluating, planning and optimizing the spatial distribution of forests around large urban centers. Spatial management solutions in the suburban zone should aim to eliminate spatial discontinuities and improve the quality of life of the local communities.
Economic aspects of forest education for general public in Poland. A case study of promotional forest complexes
Authors: Uglis Jarosław , Jęsczmyk A , Sikora J , Wartecka-Wažynska A
Published: May 2020

Forest plays an important role in humane life.Nowadays, a significant development of tourism and education can be observed in the forests. For many visitors forests are the destination of tourist trips. However, in order to develop tourism successfully there, the forest areas have to be properly developed. Recreation and relax in forest can become an additional source of income for forest districts and their administrative entities. This activity constitutes an important source of income for the local economy through the costs incurred by visitors for the journey to the forest for educational and recreational purposes. Within the framework of this institution there are. In Poland, in 2016, there were 25 Promotional Forest Complexes (PFCs), whose task is to realize the social functions of forests. FPCs are an original Polish idea for promoting ecological forestry. Foresters within PFCs conduct various activities, including promoting sustainable forest economy, supporting scientific research and providing forest education for general public. The educational activity of PFCs is financed by two sources of funding internal (own) financing and external financing (foreign). The main source of financing education in PFCs is the own resources of the forest districts. The aim of the article is to show the forms of forest education in Poland, as well as its economic aspects. It also presents the expenditures and benefits drawn from the development of the educational function of forests. The author attempts to evaluate the prospective cost of visitors’ attendance in these areas. In order to write the article, the authors used the following research methods: empirical analysis of secondary materials, literature analysis and statistical analysis.
Analisa Untuk Meningkatkan Speaking Skill Melalui Metode Guided Conversation Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Pada Taruna Politeknik Penerbangan Surabaya
Authors: Sukma Meita Maharani , Rochmawati Laila
Published: May 2020

Proses pembelajaran merupakan salah satu bentuk program pendidikan yang dilakukan secara sistimatis. Pada proses pembelajaran dosen harus bisa membuat kegiatan belajar mengajar menjadi menyenangkan dan menarik dengan memberi para taruna waktu untuk mengeksplorasi dan memperbaiki diri. Proses belajar bahasa Inggris khususnya pengajaran keterampilan berbicara bukanlah hal yang mudah dan sederhana karena bahasa inggris adalah bahasa asing dan banyak taruna tidak terbiasa menggunakan bahasa inggris dalam percakapan sehari-hari. Kurangnya menguasai kosakata menjadi salah satu faktor penting dalam komunikasi verbal dan juga sedikit pemahaman tentang tata bahasa.Metode pengajaran berbicara yang digunakan oleh dosen dalam kegiatan belajar bahasa inggris ini yaitu metode guided conversation, yang diharapkan metode fleksibel ini bisa membuat proses belajar mengajar menjadi menyenangkan dan menarik. Penerapan metode ini diharapkan taruna dapat berperan aktif di kelas tidak hanya sebagai pendengar tapi juga sebagai pembicara yang melakukan komunikasi dua arah.
Studi Eksperimental tentang Karakteristik Airfoil Naca 0015 Berskat Bagian atas dengan Variasi Jarak Skat
Authors: S.P Setyo Hariyadi , Waskito Didit
Published: May 2020

Gaya lift merupakan salah satu gaya yang bekerja pada benda jika terdapat perbedaan distribusi tekanan antara sisi atas dengan sisi bawah bilamana aliran fluida melewatinya. Dalam perancangan sayap pesawat terbang, gaya aerodinamik (gaya lift dan drag) merupakan parameter yang penting. Oleh sebab itu usaha-usaha dan penelitian untuk meningkatkan kinerja sayap, banyak yang dilakukan orang. Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan ini, dikaji pengaruh dari pemberian skat-skat pada sayap pesawat terbang NACA 0015 simetri, terhadap kinerja sayap, dengan mengukur gaya lift (FL) dan gaya drag (FD) yang ditunjang data CP dan dilakukan secara eksperimental pada terowongan angin subsonic. Studi eksperimental yang dilakukan di wind tunnel untuk model airfoil NACA 0015 terbukti bahwa penambahan skat pada bagian atas mampu meningkatkan lift.
Current status and concerns on tropical anguillid eel stocks
Authors: Arai Takaomi
Published: May 2020

@font-face { font-family: "ＭＳ 明朝"; }@font-face { font-family: "ＭＳ 明朝"; }@font-face { font-family: "@ＭＳ 明朝"; }@font-face { font-family: "Calibri"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0mm 0mm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri; }.MsoChpDefault { font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri; }.MsoPapDefault { margin-bottom: 6pt; }div.WordSection1 { } Freshwater eels of genus Anguilla have fascinated biologists for centuries due to the spectacular long-distance migrations between the eels’ freshwater habitats and their spawning areas far out in the ocean and the mysteries of their ecology. The spawning areas of Atlantic eels and Japanese eel were located far offshore in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, respectively, and their reproduction took place thousands of kilometres away from their growth habitats. Phylogenetic studies have revealed that freshwater eels originated in the Indonesian region. However, remarkably little is known about the life histories of tropical freshwater eels despite the fact that tropical eels are key to understanding the nature of primitive forms of catadromous migration. Recently, the juvenile abundance has declined dramatically: by 99% for the European eel and by 80% for the Japanese eel. Recruitment of the American eel near the species’ northern limit has virtually ceased. Other eel species, including Australian and New Zealand eels, also show indications of decline. The main problem is that all young eels used in cultivation are wild juveniles (glass eels and elvers), which are captured in estuaries. Almost all (90 %) of the total world eel supply comes from aquaculture. Therefore, the supply of eel resources for human consumption is completely dependent on wild catch. Commercial eel industries are now considering tropical eels as possible replacement for European and Japanese eels to compensate for declining stocks. However, useful scientific research and information on the biology and stock assessments of tropical eels are lacking, a situation quite different from that for other temperate freshwater eels, which have been well studied for several decades with trends and recruitment patterns being on record. Nevertheless, the present tropical eel catch has been reported as being less than half that of 20 years ago. The present trends in eel stocks and utilization for human consumption suggest that all eel populations will decline to numbers that fall outside safe biological limits and will be seriously threatened with extinction without protection and conservation from strict enforcement of local and international laws.
Pengaruh Rentang Suhu Distilasi Fraksinasi Terhadap Kadar Patchouli Alcohol (PA) Pada Minyak Nilam
Authors: Lestari Puji , Nurjanah Sarifah , Mardawati Efri
Published: May 2020

Minyak nilam adalah salah satu produk minyak atsiri yang menjadi komoditi ekspor andalan Indonesia. Kadar patchouli alcohol (PA) merupakan salah satu indikator yang menentukan kualitas minyak nilam. Minyak nilam merupakan hasil penyulingan daun tanaman nilam (Pogestemon cablin Benth). Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan mutu minyak nilam adalah dengan mengisolasi patchouli alcohol yang terkandung didalamnya dengan menggunakan metode distilasi fraksinasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rentang suhu distilasi fraksinasi terhadap kadar patchouli alcohol (PA). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rentang suhu distilasi fraksinasi dibagi menjadi 3 cut yaitu cut 1 (230-283 ℃), cut 2 (283-290 ℃) dan cut 3 (290-300 ℃). Proses distilasi menggunakan mesin B/R Instrument Spinning Band Distillation System Model 36-100 yang terintegrasi dengan komputer. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah kadar patchouli alcohol (PA) pada masing-masing rentang suhu distilasi fraksinasi. Pengukuran kadar patchouli alcohol (PA) menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil uji GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan antara minyak awal dan setelah minyak dilakukan proses distilasi fraksinasi. Minyak nilam awal memiliki kadar patchouli alcohol sebesar 25,16%. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa fraksi yang memiliki kadar patchouli alcohol yang tertinggi pada cut 3 yaitu 90,38%.
Ultrastructural And Histopathological Investigation Of Seminiferous Tubules Obtained From Azoospermia Cases In The IVF Center
Authors:   TUGBA BAL TASTAN,   NURHAN ERKAYA,   OZLEM OZGUL ABUC,   DENIZ UNAL
Published: May 2020

Objective: In this study we purposed to explore seminiferous tubules via histopathological and electron microscopic methods in testicular biopsy samples obtained TESE and the relationship between the findings and levels of serum FSH, LH, testosterone hormones.

Methods: Azoospermia patients were divided into two groups, a positive testicular sperm extraction (TESE(+)) and a negative testicular sperm extraction (TESE(-)). Testicular tissue from biopsy samples were subjected to the light and electron microscopic tissue preparations. Serum hormone levels of patients were determined and analyzed statistically between the groups.

Results: Compared the groups, more remarkable damages were detected in the seminiferous tubulus of no sperm group in the light and electron microscopic examinations. Although inflammation and partly tubule degeneration was observed, spermatogenesis and sperm cells were determined in the tubules of sperm pozitive group. In the light and ultrastructural analysis of negative sperm group, macrophages and mast cells in the interstitial tissue, vacuolization of seminiferous tubules, lipid inclusions and Sertoli cell only syndrome were the significant findings. When analyzed serum FSH, LH and testosterone hormones between the groups, FSH and LH hormones were statistically significant while Testosteron hormone was not significant.

Conclusion: As a result in the seminiferous tubules of individuals histopathological results revealed that FSH and LH are important indicator of testicular function but Testosteron has not any effect. It was concluded that high levels of these hormones impair spermatogenesis and cause testicular failure.
Life Prediction for Anticorrosive Coatings on Steel Bridges
Authors: Zhang Zehui , Wu Jin , Su Tian , Mo Xiangkun , Deng Huachao , Wu Yaming , Zhang Yongsheng
Published: May 2020

This paper presents the results of the effects of tensile stress and corrosion environment on the performances of epoxy (EP) coating systems and fluorocarbon (FC) coating systems on steel bridge by accelerated exposure test. Gloss, color characteristic parameter, and blistering area were selected to be aging indexes of anticorrosive coatings. Four different stress levels were applied on coated steel panel specimens by using a three-point bend loading, and the stress coefficient is proposed in this paper. The results showed that coating corroded more severely in seawater than in freshwater. The tensile stress may accelerate the degradation of the coating. The degree of corrosion damage of the coatings increased with the increase of stress levels. Natural exposure tests of EP and FC coating systems were performed at Sanya test site and Qingdao test site in China, respectively. The correlation between natural exposure test and accelerated exposure test is presented by the acceleration coefficient. A life prediction model of anticorrosive coatings on steel bridge is proposed. The stress coefficient was presented in the life prediction model. The stress coefficient increases with the increase of stress applied on coatings. The proposed life prediction model can provide an important basis for quantitatively describing the failure of anticorrosive coatings and predicting the life of anticorrosive coatings on steel bridges.
Central African Republic
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: May 2020

This paper presents Central African Republic’s Request for Disbursement Under the Rapid Credit Facility. The implementation of the policies and structural reforms to which the authorities committed under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement adopted in December remains key to ensuring macroeconomic stability and debt sustainability and restoring sustained inclusive growth. Additional external support, preferably in the form of grants, is also urgently required to meet C.A.R.’s elevated financing needs and ease the financial burden of the pandemic. These are also essential to the authorities’ efforts to restore peace and prosperity in the country. The authorities intend to allow the fiscal deficit to increase to accommodate most of the fiscal impact of the pandemic, which will comprise a significant shortfall in revenue and additional outlays as part of the response plan. While they intend to streamline nonpriority expenditures, this accommodative stance will allow them to continue meeting pressing social, infrastructure, and security spending needs. The authorities have also reiterated their intention to pursue the policies and structural reforms to which they committed under the ECF arrangement approved last December.
Republic of Mozambique
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: May 2020

This paper discusses Republic of Mozambique’s Request for Disbursement Under the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF). Mozambique is expected to be significantly affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, dashing prospects of a nascent economic recovery following two powerful tropical cyclones that struck in 2019. The IMF’s emergency financial support under the RCF, along with the additional donor grant financing it will help to catalyze, will contribute to addressing Mozambique’s urgent balance of payments needs generated by the pandemic. The authorities are committed to prevent corruption and misuse of emergency financing, by strengthening transparency and accountability. In this connection, they will publish large public procurement contracts and conduct and publish ex-post audits of funds’ use. Once the pandemic eases, it will be critical to resume fiscal consolidation and strengthened debt management and transparency to ensure that public debt remains sustainable. It will also be important to implement structural reforms to support inclusive and sustainable growth.
Costa Rica
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: May 2020

Costa Rica has been hit hard by the Covid-19 pandemic, owing to its highly open economy that has large exposures to trade, tourism, foreign direct investment, and global supply chains. Tourism exports, which account for over 6 percent of GDP and 19 percent of exports, have collapsed with border closures, while other exports have also slowed owing to a slump in demand from trading partners. A severe local outbreak, which saw confirmed Covid-19 cases jump to 669 in just over six weeks, has led to large domestic labor restrictions, aimed at preventing a spreading of the virus, and is poised to cause additional widespread and prolonged disruptions to economic activity, balance of payments (BOP), and fiscal accounts, at a time when the fiscal space is very limited.
Evolution of a pyrocumulonimbus event associated with an extreme wildfire in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Ndalila Mercy N. , Williamson Grant J. , Fox-Hughes Paul , Sharples Jason , Bowman David M. J. S.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Extreme fires have substantial adverse effects on society and
natural ecosystems. Such events can be associated with the intense coupling of
fire behaviour with the atmosphere, resulting in extreme fire
characteristics such as pyrocumulonimbus cloud (pyroCb) development. Concern
that anthropogenic climate change is increasing the occurrence of pyroCbs
globally is driving more focused research into these meteorological
phenomena. Using 6 min scans from a nearby weather radar, we describe the
development of a pyroCb during the afternoon of 4 January 2013 above the
Forcett–Dunalley fire in south-eastern Tasmania. We relate storm development
to (1) near-surface weather using the McArthur forest fire danger index
(FFDI) and the C-Haines index, the latter of which is a measure of the vertical atmospheric
stability and dryness, both derived from gridded weather reanalysis for
Tasmania (BARRA-TA); and (2) a chronosequence of fire severity derived from
remote sensing. We show that the pyroCb rapidly developed over a 24 min
period on the afternoon of 4 January, with the cloud top reaching a height
of 15 km. The pyroCb was associated with a highly unstable lower atmosphere
(C-Haines value of 10–11) and severe–marginally extreme (FFDI 60–75) near-surface
fire weather, and it formed over an area of forest that was severely burned
(total crown defoliation). We use spatial patterns of elevated fire weather
in Tasmania and fire weather during major runs of large wildfires in
Tasmania for the period from 2007 to 2016 to geographically and historically
contextualise this pyroCb event. Although the Forcett–Dunalley fire is the
only known record of a pyroCb in Tasmania, our results show that eastern and
south-eastern Tasmania are prone to the conjunction of high FFDI and
C-Haines values that have been associated with pyroCb development. Our
findings have implications for fire weather forecasting and wildfire
management, and they highlight the vulnerability of south-east Tasmania to extreme
fire events.
Consumo de objetos eróticos por mulheres: processos e contextos em mudança
Authors: Montañes Alcântara Anelise , Tamanini Marlene
Published: May 2020

Este texto analisa o conteúdo das relações envolvidas com o consumo e o uso de objetos eróticos por mulheres, no contexto dos mercados eróticos e de suas práticas de venda. Esse conteúdo é uma forma de engajamento com suas subjetividades e intimidade, resguardadas as particularidades na construção de si, relativas à vivência e à diversidade da sexualidade. O artigo emerge de indagações a possíveis decolonizações na construção e na experiência de mulheres relativas à sexualidade e ao modo como elas interagem com os objetos. Ao contrário de um passado repressivo e voltado à família e à reprodução, na contemporaneidade, a sexualidade envolve discursos de mercado, direito ao prazer e à agência de si, de tal modo que há produção de conhecimento dasressignificações e dos processos de decolonização no campo dasexualidade. A análise aqui apresentada se baseou em observações participantes em sex shops e em boutiques sensuais, diário de campo e em entrevistas com 10 mulheres de Curitiba, Paraná.
Narrando a própria morte: os relatos de experiências de quase-morte como narrativas de sentido
Authors: Netto Arlindo
Published: May 2020

A morte é um fenômeno que revela importantes aspectos socioculturais. As ciências sociais, em especial a antropologia, já demonstraram o potencial desse fenômeno para além dos seus aspectos biológicos. Neste artigo, a morte serve de tema para a reflexão sobre experiências, narrativas e sentidos. Com base emrelatos de Experiências de Quase-Morte (EQM), o autor descreve como são construídas narrativas de sentidos, como novos arranjos emocionais e cognitivos são expressos narrativamente e como muito da cultura é compartilhada pelo que se diz. Nesse sentido, o argumento central deste artigo consiste em compreender como um fenômeno biológico, no presente caso, a morte, é ressignificado, ganhando novos contornos e aspectos essencialmente culturais. Evidencia-se ao fim, que as narrativas de quase-morte sãorelatos que guardam relações importantes com as concepções cosmológicas, envolvendo aspectos como memória, percepção simbólica e padrões emocionais. Entrevistas em profundidade compõem o material teórico do artigo.
Unfolding international development cooperation in energy efficiency programs
Authors: Alves Elia Elisa Cia , Cunha Leite Alexandre Cesar , Picchi Livia
Published: May 2020

How does international development cooperation (IDC) unfold in the domestic arena? More specifically, how priorities and dimensions addressed in cooperation agreements enter the domestic public policy agenda? This article seeks to present elements that respond to such questions, through qualitative analysis based on bibliography review and documental analysis of bilateral agreements on energy efficiency signed by Brazil with the developed countries, Brazilian national energy policies legislation implemented since the first oil crisis in the 1970s and the Brazilian National Plan on Climate Change. The goal is to identify the actors and the mechanisms by which those programs, which were originally structured in developed countries, spread to Brazilian energy policy and characterize the instruments, in this case, cooperation agreements between the parties. We investigate the stakeholders involved in the negotiations, the issues privileged, the sectors and topics covered as well as the financial sources of the projects negotiated. As a result, we highlight that IDC conditioned the content of energy efficiency programs (EEPs) adopted, signaling that Brazilian Foreign Policy (BFP) has a relevant role to play in energy politics in Brazil.
Cooperação Militar contra o Crime Organizado: Brasil e Paraguai no combate ao narcotráfico (1988 – 2017)
Authors: Ferreira Marcos Alan S. V. , Leite Medeiros Juliana
Published: May 2020

A ascensão do crime organizado transnacional ao patamar de ameaça à segurança internacional trouxe mudanças significativas às estratégias de combate ao problema pelos Estados. Seu caráter difuso, que vai além das fronteiras estatais, exige a concatenação de esforços estatais para seu enfrentamento, sobpena de restar infrutífera qualquer política nesse sentido. O Brasil e o Paraguai ocupam papel de destaque no desenvolvimento de atividades ilícitas transnacionais no continente sul-americano, existindo entre eles uma dinâmica de complementariedade entre oferta e demanda de produtos e serviços ilegais. A fronteira entre ambos os países corresponde à rota mais tradicional do narcotráfico na América do Sul, razão pela qual Brasil e Paraguai têm reunido esforços para o enfrentamento da questão, inclusive militarmente. O presente artigo busca analisar como se desenvolve a cooperação militar entre o Brasil e o Paraguai para o combate aotráfico de drogas na fronteira entre ambos os países. Para tanto, faz-se um resgate conceitual do crime organizado transnacional e sua caracterização na fronteira Brasil-Paraguai. Em seguida, observam-se as iniciativas empreendidas na região de fronteira, em termos de cooperação militar, no combate ao narcotráfico.
Nutritional Evaluation of Sugarcane Cultivars for Ruminants
Authors: Avila André Sanches de , Zambom Maximiliane Alavarse , Hoelscher Gabriele Larissa , Duarte Júnior José Barbosa , Faccenda Andressa , Fischer Maria Luiza , Storti Angela Fernanda , Fornari Josias Luis , Lange Maichel Jhonattas
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of twenty-nine cultivars of sugarcane. The design was completely randomized, with twenty-nine treatments (cultivars) and three replicates. The evaluations were performed at 540 days after planting during the phenological stage of maturation of sugar cane. Stalk length, number of nodes per plant, internodes length and stalk diameter were evaluated. The stalk samples were crushed, pre-dried and ground for achievement of chemical analysis, carbohydrate fractionation and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and posteriorly submitted to Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Regarding biometric measurements the cultivars differed (P<0.05) for the stalk length, but there was no difference (P>0.05) in the number of nodes as well as in the average internode length and stalk diameter. The content of DM, OM, protein, ether extract, NDF and acid detergent fiber showed differences between the cultivars evaluated (P<0.05). Carbohydrate fractionation also differed between cultivars (P <0.05), being that cultivars RB86 7515, RB92 806 and RB03 6091 presented high fraction of rapidly degradable carbohydrates. The highest values of in vitro digestibility of DM and OM occurred for cultivars RB86 7515, RB92 579 and RB03 6091 (P<0.05). Considering the variables analyzed, the cultivars RB03 6091, RB92 579 and RB86 7515 showed greater concentration of rapidly degradable carbohydrates and greater in vitro digestibility of DM and OM demonstrating potential for use in ruminant feeding.
Situações de leitura da literatura digital na primeira infância: características da leitura independente, entre pares e compartilhada com os pais
Authors: Frederico Aline , Gerling Moro Roberta
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar comparativamente a leitura de aplicativos literários na primeira infância nas situações de leitura independente, entre pares e compartilhada com os pais. Os dados provêm de dois estudos qualitativos que investigaram a resposta infantil na leitura digital. O primeiro estudo observou seis famílias de crianças de 4 anos residentes na Inglaterra, durante a prática de leitura compartilhada dos aplicativos Little Red Riding Hood (2013) e The Monster at the End of This Book (2011). O segundo estudo observou duas famílias com crianças de 3 a 7 anos no Brasil, lendo Petting Zoo (2013) e Chomp (2016), durante práticas de leitura individual e de leitura entre pares/irmãos. Quatro aspectos foram analisados: a linearidade da leitura, a exploração das funções interativas, a incidência de frustração e os padrões de comunicação verbal.
Criatividade na BNCC e em pesquisas atinentes à educação literária: indagações e desvelamentos
Authors: Dalvi Maria Amélia
Published: May 2020

Problematiza-se o tratamento dispensado à criatividade no processo de educação escolar, focalizando-se, em seguida, as especificidades da educação literária. As fontes para a pesquisa foram a recém oficializada Base Nacional Comum Curricular e pesquisas contemporâneas desenvolvidas em programas de pós-graduação brasileiros. O que se constata, na análise do documento oficial, é a redução da criatividade a uma dimensão instrumental. Por outro lado, a análise de pesquisas contemporâneas evidencia a coexistência de distintas perspectivas no tocante ao papel da criatividade na educação literária, bem como da educação literária no desenvolvimento da criatividade. Na discussão, é retomada a proposta de superação da crença na criatividade como algo inato ou espontâneo e, na parte final, discute-se como as atuais perspectivas oficiais para o ensino de literatura na escola podem esvaziar tanto o corpo de conteúdos historicamente produzidos sobre a literatura, quanto, também, a especificidade do trabalho do professor de literatura.
Indústria frigorífica: a voz do trabalhador entre a necessidade e a exaustão
Authors: Rodrigues Isabel Cristina , Marra Gabriela Chaves
Published: May 2020

Os processos produtivos tipicamente capitalistas têm mostrado efeitos adversos sobre as relações de trabalho estabelecidas na produção agropecuária, em especial pela imposição de jornadas excessivas, com graves consequências sobre a saúde do trabalhador. Fazem parte desse contexto as atividades de processamento e distribuição de carne realizadas pelos frigoríficos. Este artigo tem como objetivo geral verificar justamente como os sentidos acerca do trabalho nesses espaços estão sendo produzidos pelos próprios trabalhadores. Para dar visibilidade a essas vozes, utilizamos o dispositivo de entrevistas, construídas a partir da articulação entre blocos temáticos de interesse, objetivos e problemas colocados pelas perguntas elaboradas, além da hipótese sobre possíveis respostas. As análises foram conduzidas da perspectiva teórica da Análise do Discurso, com ênfase em seus aspectos enunciativos, privilegiando-se o estudo de marcas linguísticas que indicavam a formação de um grupo e de um modo de enunciar específico, em relação recíproca, configurando assim dada prática discursiva.
n. 23 - DESAFIOS NA EFETIVAÇÃO DO REGIME DE COLABORAÇÃO: IMPLICAÇÕES PARA AS POLÍTICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Pereira Soeli Terezinha , Soczek Márcia Barbosa
Published: May 2020

O presente trabalho aborda aspectos relacionados ao papel dos entes federados, considerando o modelo federativo de organização da educação brasileira, o processo de municipalização da educação básica, a descentralização das políticas educacionais e o regime de colaboração na efetivação de políticas no âmbito da educação infantil. Têm-se por intencionalidade acenar para desafios no contexto pós-2016 para o campo da pesquisa em políticas educacionais e efeitos para as políticas locais a serem implementadas. Tais aspectos têm origem em estudos que tratam do regime de colaboração entre sistemas de ensino no estado do Paraná, da análise da descentralização e municipalização do ensino, de dados educacionais frente ao direito ao acesso à educação infantil, à obrigatoriedade de matrícula na pré-escola instituída pela Emenda Constitucional 59/2009 e aos desafios impostos pela conjuntura para o cumprimento deste preceito constitucional. As análises foram realizadas via pesquisa bibliográfica da produção do campo específico e análise documental e de dados educacionais sobre elementos que influenciam a efetivação do direito ao acesso à educação infantil, considerando as iniciativas do poder público que representam retrocessos frente ao declarado legalmente para a garantia do direito à educação. Resultados dessas análises evidenciam que tais iniciativas estão na contramão das políticas desenvolvidas ao longo das últimas décadas e do que prevê a EC 59/2009 e o PNE 2014-2024 na ampliação do acesso à educação infantil e superação das desigualdades educacionais.Palavras-chave: regime de colaboração, descentralização, políticas educacionais, educação infantil, direito à educação.
The Development of Learning Module of Educational Administration and Educational Institute for Students in Master of Education Degree in Thailand
Authors: Chantarasombat Chalard , Rooyuenyong Wichian
Published: May 2020

The knowledge creation for the efficiency, quality, and the effectiveness, learning achievement and through learning module the developed learning of Educational Administration and Educational Institute for students. However, knowledge creation also be used to learning module of school-based supervision for students? This paper describes the application of basic knowledge creation on module of “Educational Administration and Educational Institute for students,” in master of Education degree in Thailand. Changing demographics are the threatening the ability of degree students studying master degree program in educational administration, Northeastern University, to sustain their viability as traditional methods of passing knowledge creation from generation to next are circumvented by the movement of young. Knowledge creation as a way developed learning module of school-based supervision for students were: 1) the efficiency of action process in developing Learning Module was 84.61, the efficiency of knowledge was 83.00 which was higher than the specified criterion 80/80, 2) the quality of the developed Learning Module evaluated by the experts, in overall, was at “The Highest” level. Considering each aspect, the level of propriety, congruency, feasibility, and utility aspects, was also at “The Highest” level, 3) the effectiveness index in learning management of students learning through Learning Module was 0.6569 out of full score of 1.00 or the students had an increased knowledge of 65.69%, 4) as for learning achievement of students learning through Learning Module at the post-test scores were significantly higher than the pretest at .05, 5) regarding students learning through Learning Module there were no significant differences between post-test learning achievement and the 2 weeks post-test learning achievement scores. It was indicated that the students learning through Learning Module of “Educational Administration and Educational Institute for students”, attained learning retention, and 6) the students had their satisfaction on learning through Learning Module in overall, at “The Highest” level.
Educação com equipe de enfermagem de instituição de longa permanência para idosos: relato de experiência
Authors: Cristine Oliveira Isabel , Ottes Vasconcelos Raíssa , Lúcia Colomé Beck Carmem , Marion da Silva Rosângela , Pupiara Flores Coelho Alexa , Fabieli Oliveira de Barros Iarema
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de discentes da área da saúde em projeto de extensão,no planejamento e condução de ações participativas de educação para o trabalho,com uma equipe de enfermagem de instituição de longa permanência para idosos. Método: Relato descritivo da experiência, comapresentação da primeira oficina e realização da I Semana de Enfermagem na instituição, realizadas no primeiro semestre de 2018. Resultados e Discussão: Participaram desta oficina educativa nove trabalhadores de enfermagem, tendo como base o Arco de Maguerez, que possibilitou identificar as necessidades da equipe, pactuar ações para a transformação da realidade e implementar algumas açõesnaI Semana de Enfermagem. Conclusão: Ações realizadas em instituições de longa permanência para idosos podem fortalecer os trabalhadores, valorizando-os enquanto produtores do cuidado. Aos discentes extensionistas, o projeto oportunizou trocas de conhecimento e reflexões sobre teoria e prática. Além disso, o projeto deu suporte para a efetivação do princípio de indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão na formação acadêmica.
National Security — Essence, System,
Research
Authors: Wiśniewski Bernard
Published: May 2020

Internal security is today an intensively explored area of national security. This is hardly surprising. It is this area that is mainly
concerned with emerging threats. Hence, new scientifically justified solutions are being sought to counteract them and minimise the
effects of their occurrence. Given the above, the research has been conducted, and its results are presented in this paper. It addresses the
main problems relating to internal security through the prism of identification criteria, essence, and systemic approach. That has made
it possible to present the assumptions of the project in question. The research aimed to diagnose the functioning of the state’s internal
security system, and the participation of academic centres dealing with security issues. One of such centres is the Police Academy,
which is implementing a project entitled “Vacuum chamber for revealing fingerprints with organic compounds in the gas phase’,
No DOB-BIO9/03/01/2018. It was financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under call for proposals No 9/2018
for the execution and financing of projects in the field of scientific research or development work for the benefit of national defence and
security. After they were implemented, it was stated that the constant changes in the internal security environment, and the limited
potential of state institutions designated to care for this security entail the need to continually search for practical solutions to ensure
the undisturbed existence and development opportunities of each entity. These searches are conducted by scientific institutions, which
with their knowledge and experience serve to improve the tools used in the practice of institutions responsible for internal security.
Cooperation Between Local Police Units
and the Police Academy in Szczytno
Authors: Justyński Krzysztof
Published: May 2020

At the moment in Poland, specialised dispositional groups such as the armed forces, the police, and various guards and
other services are constituted. The fundamental tool that the state has at its disposal to counteract potential threats to internal security
and public order, and to react appropriately to existing threats is a separate body — the police. The main objective of this paper is to
define the practical benefits which can be gained as a result of organising cooperation between the police units mentioned above
in an appropriate way. This paper is an attempt to present practical cooperation between a local police unit and the Police Academy
in Szczytno. It also points out the distinct nature of functioning of the Regional Police Headquarters in Katowice and its dependent units;
it describes the impact that cooperation with an educational institution has on the quality of preserving public security and order as well
as the practical aspect of such cooperation on the example of the organisational units of the Polish National Police specified above.
Acute endodontic pain
Authors: Pasternak Marcin , Woroń Jarosław
Published: May 2020

Dental pain is amongst the most common types of or ofacial pain, it significantly reduces quality of life in patients and is regarded as a serious public health issue in many countries, furthermore it is main reason of seeking emergency dental treatment. Usually dental pain is caused by pulp and periapical conditions and is inflammatory. The two key components of dental pain are the activity of nerve fibers and alterations in microciculation. Anatomical and neurophysiological differences affecting mentioned type of pain were presented in this paper as well as mechanisms of dental pain form ation, clinical implications of hyperalgesia, allodynia, reffered pain phenomena and therapeutic procedures. The most optimal way of preoperative pain management is implementation of causal treatment as soon as possible, which includes tooth extraction or endodontic intervention. During root canal treatment complete pulp removal is followed by exact chemomechanical preparation of the entire root-canal system with the use of instrumentation and plentiful irrigation and dense obturation. Endodontic therapy allows tooth preservation and periapical tissues healing. Intraoperative pain is controlled with the means of proper local anaesthesia, depending on clinical situation using not only first choice techniques as regional block and infiltrative anaesthesia but also additional methods like intraligammentary, intraosseus and intrapulpal injections. Postprocedural pain management starts during anaesthesia. In article additional pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies helpful in treating these conditions, providing better effectiveness of local anaesthesia that is difficult in tissue inflammation and decreasing and even preventing development postendodontic pain – common complication of root canal treatment.
Investigation of the Results of Collaborative Care in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Community Mental Health Center (CMHC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Khademi Mojgan , Zohrabi Shima , Mohtashamalsharieh Alireza , Zahiroddin Alireza
Published: May 2020

Background: Community Mental Health centers (CMHCs) have been successful in the on-time diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders worldwide. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in the on-time diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric patients who go to the general physicians. Evidence suggests that such a diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the burden of disease on society. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2014 to September 2016. Fourteen general physicians and case managers in the catchment area of CMHC cooperated with the study. General physicians began to diagnose and treat psychiatric disorders based on therapeutic guides. The descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: One thousand and four hundred and eighty seven patients were diagnosed by the general practitioners, 730 (49.09%) of whom suffered from depression, and 544 (36.58%) suffered from anxiety. As the physicians reported, 15/74% of the total number of visits was related to psychiatric disorders. Based on the telephone follow-ups, 94/34% of the patients reported improvement. Untreated patients were followed up or taken to a psychiatrist. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance of on-time diagnosis of psychiatric patients and the provision of specialized services that can decrease the load of prevalent psychiatric disorders if continued.