bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Influence of Label Image Accuracy on the Performance of Concrete Crack Segmentation Network Models
Authors: Ma Kaifeng , Hao Mengshu , Shang Wenlong , Liu Jinping , Meng Junzhen , Hu Qingfeng , He Peipei , Li Shiming
Published: February 2024

A high-quality dataset is a basic requirement to ensure the training quality and prediction accuracy of a deep learning network model (DLNM). To explore the influence of label image accuracy on the performance of a concrete crack segmentation network model in a semantic segmentation dataset, this study uses three labelling strategies, namely pixel-level fine labelling, outer contour widening labelling and topological structure widening labelling, respectively, to generate crack label images and construct three sets of crack semantic segmentation datasets with different accuracy. Four semantic segmentation network models (SSNMs), U-Net, High-Resolution Net (HRNet)V2, Pyramid Scene Parsing Network (PSPNet) and DeepLabV3+, were used for learning and training. The results show that the datasets constructed from the crack label images with pix-el-level fine labelling are more conducive to improving the accuracy of the network model for crack image segmentation. The U-Net had the best performance among the four SSNMs. The Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU), Mean Pixel Accuracy (MPA) and Accuracy reached 85.47%, 90.86% and 98.66%, respectively. The average difference between the quantized width of the crack image segmentation obtained by U-Net and the real crack width was 0.734 pixels, the maximum difference was 1.997 pixels, and the minimum difference was 0.141 pixels. Therefore, to improve the segmentation accuracy of crack images, the pixel-level fine labelling strategy and U-Net are the best choices.
Model-Based 3D Gaze Estimation Using a TOF Camera
Authors: Shen Kuanxin , Li Yingshun , Guo Zhannan , Gao Jintao , Wu Yingjian
Published: February 2024

Among the numerous gaze-estimation methods currently available, appearance-based methods predominantly use RGB images as input and employ convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect facial images to regressively obtain gaze angles or gaze points. Model-based methods require high-resolution images to obtain a clear eyeball geometric model. These methods face significant challenges in outdoor environments and practical application scenarios. This paper proposes a model-based gaze-estimation algorithm using a low-resolution 3D TOF camera. This study uses infrared images instead of RGB images as input to overcome the impact of varying illumination intensity in the environment on gaze estimation. We utilized a trained YOLOv8 neural network model to detect eye landmarks in captured facial images. Combined with the depth map from a time-of-flight (TOF) camera, we calculated the 3D coordinates of the canthus points of a single eye of the subject. Based on this, we fitted a 3D geometric model of the eyeball to determine the subject’s gaze angle. Experimental validation showed that our method achieved a root mean square error of 6.03° and 4.83° in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, for the detection of the subject’s gaze angle. We also tested the proposed method in a real car driving environment, achieving stable driver gaze detection at various locations inside the car, such as the dashboard, driver mirror, and the in-vehicle screen.
How Young Italians Negotiate and Redefine Their Identity in the Mobility Experience
Authors: Giardiello Mauro , Cuervo Hernan I. , Capobianco Rosa
Published: February 2024

In this article we analyze the formation of different identity models of Italian young people experiencing mobility. The article contributes to study the link between youth mobility and identity. It does so through the development of a theoretical perspective that combines Butler’s post-structuralism with Bourdieu’s category of embodied cultural capital. Drawing on this theoretical framework, we analyze the identity formation of young Italians who emigrated to Australia in the last 10 years. The data show the emergence of an identity made up of a complex set of interconnected levels, composed of an incorporated dimension that constitutes the basis of their roots and the performative part that represents the mobile dimension subject to transformation in the course of life evolution. This interpretative lens enables the understanding of how the process of incorporation is connected to the performative and self-transformative one of identity, but also how the different combination of fixed and mobile aspects defines different profiles of identity and a different way of perceiving being Italians.
The Analysis and AI Simulation of Passenger Flows in an Airport Terminal: A Decision-Making Tool
Authors: Anagnostopoulou Afroditi , Tolikas Dimitrios , Spyrou Evangelos , Akac Attila , Kappatos Vassilios
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a decision-making tool is proposed that can utilize different strategies to deal with passenger flows in airport terminals. A simulation model has been developed to investigate these strategies, which can be updated and modified based on the current requirements of an airport terminal. The proposed tool could help airport managers and relevant decision makers proactively mitigate potential risks and evaluate crowd management strategies. The aim is to eliminate risk factors due to overcrowding and minimize passenger waiting times within the terminal to provide a seamless, safe and satisfying travel experience. Overcrowding in certain areas of the terminal makes it difficult for passengers to move freely and increases the risk of accidents (especially in the event of an emergency), security problems and service interruptions. In addition, long queues can lead to frustration among passengers and increase potential conflicts or stress-related incidents. Based on the derived results, the optimized routing of passengers using modern technological solutions is the most promising crowd management strategy for a sample airport that can handle 800 passengers per hour.
The Estimation of Forest Carbon Sink Potential and Influencing Factors in Huangshan National Forest Park in China
Authors: Huang Wenduo , Wang Xiangrong , Zhang Dou
Published: February 2024

In this study, the biomass expansion factor (BEF) method was combined with the tree growth function in order to obtain a more accurate growth function of tree species through the fitting of different growth functions to tree growth, and to determine the characteristics of the forest carbon stock as well as the carbon sink potential of Huangshan National Forest Park (HNFP) in China. The carbon sink potential of each tree species and the integrated influencing factors, such as the stand and soil, were directly represented by structural equation modelling (SEM) to clarify the size and path of each influencing factor against the carbon sink potential. The results showed the following: (1) the logistic growth function fitting results for the seven major tree species in HNFP were better than those from the Richard–Chapman growth function, and the R2 was greater than 0.90. (2) In 2014, the total carbon stock of the forest in HNFP was approximately 9.59 × 105 t, and the pattern of carbon density, in general, was higher in the central region and the northeastern region and lower in the northern and southern regions, while the distribution of carbon density was lower in the northern and southern regions. The carbon density pattern generally showed a higher distribution in the central and northeastern regions and a lower distribution in the northern and southern regions; most of the high-carbon-density areas were distributed in blocks, while the low-carbon-density areas were distributed sporadically. (3) The total carbon sink of the forest in HNFP was 8.26 × 103 t in 2014–2015, and due to the large age structure of the regional tree species, the carbon sinks of each tree species and the total carbon sink of HNFP showed a projected downward trend from 2014 to 2060. (4) For different tree species, the influencing factors on carbon sink potential are not the same, and the main influence factors involve slope position, slope, altitude, soil thickness, etc. This study identified the carbon stock and carbon sink values of the forest in HNFP, and the factors affecting the carbon sink potential obtained by SEM can provide a basis for the selection of new afforestation sites in the region as well as new ideas and methods to achieve peak carbon and carbon neutrality both regionally and nationally in the future.
Exploring Higher Education Mobility through the Lens of Academic Tourism: Portugal as a Study Case
Authors: Amaro Dina , Caldeira Ana Maria , Seabra Cláudia
Published: February 2024

This study seeks to expand the understanding of international academic tourism by revisiting concepts and their associations with the internationalisation of higher education and analysing the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research takes Portugal as a study case, drawing on secondary data. From a theoretical standpoint, this work makes a significant contribution to addressing persistent conceptual ambiguities. In managerial terms, the findings hold significance for advancing Portugal as an academic tourism destination and raising awareness among tourism and educational stakeholders about the relevance and competitive advantages of international academic tourism. Finally, we reflect upon the pandemic effects and potential repercussions of future challenges on international academic tourism globally.
AI Applied to the Circular Economy: An Approach in the Wastewater Sector
Authors: Hernández-Chover Vicent , Bellver-Domingo Águeda , Castellet-Viciano Lledó , Hernández-Sancho Francesc
Published: February 2024

Water is one of the most basic and essential resources for life and is also a strategic component for the development of the economies of the different countries of the planet. The water sector in the context of ecological transition and the circular economy has enormous economic potential. However, the water resources present in a territory are, in many cases, very limited, and their availability is increasingly restricted. In this respect, current technologies make it possible to generate a whole range of renewable resources. In the case of wastewater treatment plants, in addition to obtaining clean water in sufficient quantity and quality, it is possible to take advantage of multiple other resources generated in the purification processes, such as fertilizers, biogas, bioplastics, and glass, and even recover adsorbents such as enzymes and proteins from wastewater. These resources represent a valuable social, environmental, and economic contribution. The scarcity of some of these resources causes continuous increases in market prices, generating economic tensions between producers and potential users. This work proposes to guide the potential of artificial intelligence (AI)-based methodologies in aspects related to the supply and demand of the resources generated in these infrastructures. Specifically, the use of machine learning (ML) allows for projecting economic scenarios based on multiple variables, such as the quality and quantity of the treated flows, the resources generated in the infrastructures, the current demands, and the prices of substitute goods. This aspect represents a substantial advance in terms of the circular economy since, beyond the technical aspects related to the processes, it ensures a sustainable balance between potential producers and end users. In conclusion, it brings sustainability to the urban water-cycle sector, ensuring the viability of the resources generated.
Joint Optimization of Urban Water Quantity and Quality Allocation in the Plain River Network Area
Authors: Zhao Jun , Fang Guohua , Wang Xue , Zhong Huayu
Published: February 2024

Cities located in the plain river network area possess abundant water resources. However, due to urbanization and industrialization, there is a severe water shortage problem caused by poor water quality. To overcome this issue, a multi-objective optimal allocation model of water quantity and quality is proposed. The model considers regional water resources, economic, social, and environmental requirements and uses the NSGA-II genetic algorithm for model solution. Furthermore, to evaluate and analyze the degree of spatial equilibrium of regional water resources and how it relates to economic factors, the study uses the spatial equilibrium theory of water resources and the Gini coefficient of water resources. Jingjiang, a city in Jiangsu Province characterized by a typical plain river network area, was selected as the study area. The results of the optimal allocation of water resources in Jingjiang City show that: (1) total water consumption and chemical oxygen demand (COD) emissions for the current planning period are within their respective limits. In addition, the implementation of the water conservation program has resulted in a 5% reduction in total water shortages and a reduction of COD emissions by 1276 tons, (2) the structure of the water supply in Jingjiang City has been optimized; more than 90% of Ⅳ~V surface water is used for agriculture, and the domestic water supply is mainly from transit water, which effectively ensures that high-quality water is used in the domestic water supply, (3) the spatial equilibrium coefficient of water resources per sub-area is between 0.33 and 0.74, indicating an unbalanced or almost unbalanced level. The application of a water conservation program has resulted in the improvement of the spatial equilibrium level of water resources in each sub-area, with an overall spatial equilibrium of 0.64, indicating a more balanced level; the degree of matching of water resources with population, GDP, and land area is at the matching level, (4) according to the Gini coefficient of the distribution of water resources, the plains river network area displays a better match between water resources and economic and social factors of each water receiving area, thanks to its unique geographical location and natural conditions. This study can serve as a decision-making reference for addressing the urban water quality water shortage problem in the plain river network area.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Physical Activity Interventions among University Students
Authors: Yuan Fang , Peng Sanying , Khairani Ahmad Zamri , Liang Jinghong
Published: February 2024

Inadequate physical activity (PA) among university students, a growing concern, hinders their holistic health development and the formation of healthy habits. Current evidence regarding the impact of interventions to promote PA in this group remains inconclusive. Through a systematic review and meta-analysis, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of PA interventions in promoting PA among university students. A search of six electronic databases up to 30 June 2023 was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing PA interventions in university students. Thirty-one RCTs were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. The eligible studies’ quality was assessed via the Cochrane Collaboration tool for evaluating the risk of bias. The results indicated a significant increase in total PA (TPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and step counts at post-intervention compared to control groups, with effect sizes approaching large for MVPA and an increase of 19,245 steps per week. TPA also showed significant improvements during follow-up periods from three weeks to 12 months. Subgroup analyses revealed significant intervention effects across all subgroups, with the subgroups of post-COVID and sample sizes ≤100 showing larger effect sizes within their respective group. This review identified that interventions could enhance TPA, MVPA, and step counts among university students, with sustainable effects on TPA, while further research is needed for other outcomes. The university environment is conducive to PA interventions, and future interventions integrating e-health with in-person modes, coupled with matched theories and behavior change techniques, show promise. This review protocol has been registered on the platform of the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42023486749).
A Framework of Hybrid Method for Developing Optimal Sustainable Product Strategies and Sustainable Product Roadmap
Authors: Chen Chun-Wei
Published: February 2024

The success of sustainable product strategies is widely recognized as pivotal to the successful development of sustainable products. Despite some existing research on sustainable product strategies, there is a notable lack of investigation into the tools necessary for their effective development. To address this gap, our study aims to (1) introduce a methodological framework that systematically shapes sustainable product strategy, incorporating key technologies like a Sustainable Product Strategies Focus Group (SPSFG), Brainstorming, Weighted Decision Matrix (WDM), and Genetic Algorithm (GA); (2) demonstrate the practical application of this framework through the example of 3C products; and (3) contribute theoretically by proposing a tool for creating sustainable product strategies that integrates management principles, providing a practical guide for the development of control systems and tools. This study also maps out implications for the future of sustainable 3C products. The development of optimal sustainable product strategies across various sectors requires a comprehensive hybrid approach. This method combines diverse methodologies to create a robust framework addressing unique challenges in health systems, education, environment, industry, agriculture, energy, and resource management. Leveraging quantitative analysis, qualitative assessment, and systems thinking, the hybrid approach provides a nuanced understanding of interdependencies within these sectors. Integrating data-driven insights and qualitative considerations facilitates sustainable strategies, optimizing resource utilization for long-term environmental, social, and economic benefits. This holistic methodology enables a more effective response to interconnected challenges in health systems, education, environmental preservation, industry, agriculture, energy, and resource management, promoting a more sustainable future.
Research on the Evaluation of Regional Scientific and Technological Innovation Capabilities Driven by Big Data
Authors: Liang Kun , Wu Peng , Zhang Rui
Published: February 2024

Scientific and technological innovation (STI) is an important internal driver of social and economic development. Reasonable evaluation of regional scientific and technological innovation (RSTI) capability helps discover shortcomings in the development of urban development and guides the allocation of scientific and technological resources and the formulation of policies to promote innovation. This paper analyzes new opportunities created by big data and artificial intelligence for the evaluation of RSTI capability, and based on this analysis, the collaborative evaluation schemes of multi-entity participation are investigated. In addition, considering the important value of unstructured data in evaluating STI, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model and sentiment analysis method are employed to analyze the construction of an evaluation indicator system that integrates scientific and technological news data. To fully utilize the respective advantages of human experts and machine learning in the field of complex issue evaluation, this paper proposes an RSTI capability evaluation model based on AHP-SMO human-machine fusion. This study promotes the integration of science and technology and economy and has theoretical and practical significance.
The Use of Chlorella species to Remove Nutrients from Dairy Wastewater to Produce Livestock Feed
Authors: Luzzi Siane C. , Gardner Robert G. , Heins Bradley J.
Published: February 2024

The goal of the study was to utilize Chlorella sp. to recycle nutrients from a dairy wastewater lagoon producing microalgae biomass for dairy cattle. Chlorella sp. was cultured in mixotrophic conditions with various ratios of raw dairy wastewater with a lab-scale (1.25 L) environment and a pilot-scale (70 L) environment. The influence of extra CO2, pH, temperature, solar radiation, and photosynthetic active radiation were tested for cell growth, biomass productivity and nutrient (ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate) removal from wastewater. The objective of this study was to determine the alternative ratios (control, 1:10, 1:20, 1:30, or 1:40) of dairy wastewater, where Chlorella sp. biomass could be produced to remove nutrients. Additionally, the study evaluated the addition of CO2 into the cultivation system to increase biomass yield. During the first experiment, the lab-scale and pilot-scale experiments showed similar biomass growth after seven days of growth. The control had the highest biomass, followed by 1:10. For the pilot-scale experiment, the treatments (control, controlN, 1:10, 1:10 N, 1:30, and 1:30 N) were different from each other for nutrient removal rates and biomass production. The bioreactors designed for this study may be used on farms to recycle dairy wastewater and produce enriched biomass for use to feed livestock.
Reassessment of the Stability Conditions in the Lignite Open Pits of Oltenia (Romania) in Relation to the New Local Seismic Context as an Imperative for Sustainable Mining
Authors: Faur Florin , Apostu Izabela-Maria , Lazăr Maria
Published: February 2024

Responsible mining considers the three pillars of sustainability, namely the environment, the economy and social welfare. As a result, exploitation of deposits of useful mineral substances, as an economic activity, must be carried out taking into account several requirements, among which is the generation of a reduced impact on the environment and local communities. Sliding of open pits and waste dumps slopes represents a major risk, which endangers workers and machinery, as well as the components of the natural and built environment in the influenced area. In order to avoid such phenomena and their consequences, it is imperative to analyze the stability conditions whenever their possible triggering factors appear (such as earthquakes). Between February and March of 2023, the region of Oltenia (south-west Romania) was affected by intense seismic activity, out of normal patterns. Considering this series of seismic events, in this paper we aimed at reevaluating the stability conditions of the slopes of the working fronts and of the internal dumps in the lignite open pits located in the region in this new context. Research focused on three lignite open pits, namely Peșteana North (Rovinari mining perimeter), Jilț North (Jilț mining perimeter), Berbești–Alunu (Berbești mining perimeter). After describing the general geology and tectonics of the areas under study, the seismic episode that affected the region at the beginning of 2023 (which in fact extended until November) is highlighted, with increased attention given to the earthquakes of 13 and 14 February 2023, with a local magnitude ML ≥ 5. The most important part of the study is represented by the stability analyses, carried out for normal conditions (considering the characteristics of the rocks at natural humidity and in the absence of the influence of external factors) and under seismic conditions, characterized by a peak ground acceleration equal to the maximum acceleration considered for the location area of the mining perimeters taken into study. The results of the study showed that, for most of the analyzed situations, a renewal of the technical exploitation documentation is required, which, taking into account the results of this study, must adopt new geometries of the excavation and deposition fronts, so that the objectives in terms of operational and workplace safety imposed by legislation are respected.
Tourists’ Perception of Tourist Destinations: The Case Study of Nazaré (Portugal)
Authors: Teles Rita , Martins Hugo , Pinheiro António , Gonçalves Eduardo
Published: February 2024

Although Destination Image is a relevant investigation topic in the literature, few studies pay attention to Destination Image as reflected in tourists’ evaluations and reviews on social networks. Given the importance of social media and the relationship between places and the image of those places, this investigation seeks to analyse visitors’ perceptions of a tourist destination. The village of Nazaré (Portugal) was chosen for the analysis. The purpose was to analyse the perceptions of tourists to this village. Methodologically, a netnographic analysis was carried out considering the comments and evaluations made on the TripAdvisor platform, renowned among tourists. The three main attractions were found, and all the comments were counted (n = 565) over the 6-year period, from January 2018 to March 2023. It was possible to define the visitor profile. A content analysis was carried out that sought to categorise visitors’ perceptions into fourteen categories, namely beach, landscapes, accessibility, recommendations, location, appreciation of the intangible, enjoyment of the experience, emotions, prices, climate, good for a walk, good gastronomy, tourist activity and senses. The contribution of this investigation is to recognise the importance of the village of Nazaré as a tourist destination, centred on the perception of its visitors. Although limited in its scope, this study emphasises the need for tourism promotion agents to focus their initiatives on the creation of immersive experiences and their emotions, as these were two of the categories little mentioned in this study.
Contact CR-Warped Product Submanifold of a Sasakian Space Form with a Semi-Symmetric Metric Connection
Authors: Khan Meraj Ali , Al-Dayel Ibrahim , Aloui Foued , Hui Shyamal Kumar
Published: February 2024

The main goal of this research paper is to investigate contact CR-warped product submanifolds within Sasakian space forms, utilizing a semi-symmetric metric connection. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of these submanifolds and establish several significant results. Additionally, we formulate an inequality that establishes a relationship between the squared norm of the second fundamental form and the warping function. Lastly, we present a number of geometric applications derived from our findings.
On Equation Manifolds, the Vinogradov Spectral Sequence, and Related Diffeological Structures
Authors: Magnot Jean-Pierre , Reyes Enrique G.
Published: February 2024

We consider basic diffeological structures that can be highlighted naturally within the theory of the Vinogradov spectral sequence and equation manifolds. These interrelated features are presented in a rigorous and accurate way, that complements some heuristic formulations appearing in very recent literature. We also propose a refined definition of the Vinogradov spectral sequence using diffeologies.
Sustaining Quasi De-Sitter Inflation with Bulk Viscosity
Authors: Lahiri Sayantani , Rezzolla Luciano
Published: February 2024

The de-Sitter spacetime is a maximally symmetric Lorentzian manifold with constant positive scalar curvature that plays a fundamental role in modern cosmology. Here, we investigate bulk-viscosity-assisted quasi de-Sitter inflation, that is the period of accelerated expansion in the early universe during which −H˙≪H2, with H(t) being the Hubble expansion rate. We do so in the framework of a causal theory of relativistic hydrodynamics, which takes into account non-equilibrium effects associated with bulk viscosity, which may have been present as the early universe underwent an accelerated expansion. In this framework, the existence of a quasi de-Sitter universe emerges as a natural consequence of the presence of bulk viscosity, without requiring introducing additional scalar fields. As a result, the equation of state, determined by numerically solving the generalized momentum-conservation equation involving bulk viscosity pressure turns out to be time dependent. The transition timescale characterising its departure from an exact de-Sitter phase is intricately related to the magnitude of the bulk viscosity. We examine the properties of the new equation of state, as well as the transition timescale in the presence of bulk viscosity pressure. In addition, we construct a fluid description of inflation and demonstrate that, in the context of the causal formalism, it is equivalent to the scalar field theory of inflation. Our analysis also shows that the slow-roll conditions are realised in the bulk-viscosity-supported model of inflation. Finally, we examine the viability of our model by computing the inflationary observables, namely the spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio of the curvature perturbations, and compare them with a number of different observations, finding good agreement in most cases.
Facile Synthesis of a Novel AgIO3/CTF Heterojunction and Its Adsorption–Photocatalytic Performance with Organic Pollutants
Authors: Shen Liqiang , Ye Tingting , Chen Yehui , Chu Bei , Chen Hui , Hu Jinxing , Yu Yan
Published: February 2024

With the development of modern industry, the issue of water pollution has garnered increasing attention. Photocatalysis, as a novel green environmental technology that is resource-efficient, environmentally friendly, and highly promising, has found extensive applications in the field of organic pollutant treatment. However, common semiconductor materials exhibit either a relatively low photocatalytic efficiency in the visible light range or an inefficient separation of photogenerated charges, resulting in their limited ability to harness solar energy effectively. Consequently, the development of new photocatalysts has become a pivotal focus in current photocatalysis research to enhance solar energy utilization. This research provides a brief explanation of the photocatalytic mechanism of the AgIO3/CTF heterojunction photocatalyst. Due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, the Ag nanoparticles demonstrate significant absorption in the visible light region, playing a crucial role in the highly efficient photocatalytic reduction of organic pollutants.
Effect of Acrylamide and Mycotoxins in SH-SY5Y Cells: A Review
Authors: Bridgeman Luna , Juan Cristina , Berrada Houda , Juan-García Ana
Published: February 2024

Thermal processes induce the formation of undesired toxic components, such as acrylamide (AA), which has been shown to induce brain toxicity in humans and classified as Group 2A by the International Agency of Research in Cancer (IARC), as well as some mycotoxins. AA and mycotoxins’ toxicity is studied in several in vitro models, including the neuroblastoma cell line model SH-SY5Y cells. Both AA and mycotoxins occur together in the same food matrix cereal base (bread, pasta, potatoes, coffee roasting, etc.). Therefore, the goal of this review is to deepen the knowledge about the neurological effects that AA and mycotoxins can induce on the in vitro model SH-SY5Y and its mechanism of action (MoA) focusing on the experimental assays reported in publications of the last 10 years. The analysis of the latest publications shows that most of them are focused on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and alteration in protein expression, while others are interested in oxidative stress, axonopathy, and the disruption of neurite outgrowth. While both AA and mycotoxins have been studied in SH-SY5Y cells separately, the mixture of them is starting to draw the interest of the scientific community. This highlights a new and interesting field to explore due to the findings reported in several publications that can be compared and the implications in human health that both could cause. In relation to the assays used, the most employed were the MTT, axonopathy, and qPCR assays. The concentration dose range studied was 0.1–10 mM for AA and 2 fM to 200 µM depending on the toxicity and time of exposure for mycotoxins. A healthy and varied diet allows the incorporation of a large family of bioactive compounds that can mitigate the toxic effects associated with contaminants present in food. Although this has been reported in some publications for mycotoxins, there is still a big gap for AA which evidences that more investigations are needed to better explore the risks for human health when exposed to AA and mycotoxins.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Various Sources and Amounts of Copper on Nursery Piglets
Authors: Galiotto Miranda Pedro Augusto , Remus Aline , Dalto Danyel Bueno , Hilgemberg Rafaela , Beber Jasluk Guilherme , Rosário Silva Brena Cristine , Lehnen Cheila Roberta
Published: February 2024

This study evaluated the impact of different dietary levels and sources of copper on the growth performance of nursery piglets through a combination of systematic review and meta-analysis. The database for this study was created using articles selected from major electronic databases. Data analysis involved forest plots and analysis of variance using mixed-effects models. The database included 63 articles published between 1990 and 2021, comprising 21,113 piglets in 946 treatments. Positive effects of supranutritional levels of copper from both inorganic and organic sources on the growth performance of nursery piglets were detected using Forest plots and analysis of variance (p < 0.001). Using mixed models, it was observed that piglet performance is influenced by body weight (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), and copper intake (p < 0.001). Both organic and inorganic sources of copper at supranutritional levels (>81 mg Cu/kg of diet) improved the performance of nursery piglets, but levels higher than 201 mg Cu/kg of diet did not further improve growth performance compared to 80–200 mg Cu/kg of diet. The feed conversion was worse in piglets fed with inorganic Cu sources (p < 0.001). In conclusion, dietary Cu supplementation influenced the weight gain and feed conversion rate in weaned piglets, particularly during the first few weeks post-weaning. Levels of 81 and 200 mg Cu/kg improved growth performance, but no further benefits were obtained for higher levels.
Phenotypic Investigation of Florfenicol Resistance and Molecular Detection of floR Gene in Canine and Feline MDR Enterobacterales
Authors: Lysitsas Marios , Triantafillou Eleutherios , Spyrou Vassiliki , Billinis Charalambos , Valiakos George
Published: February 2024

Florfenicol is a promising antibiotic for use in companion animals, especially as an alternative agent for infections caused by MDR bacteria. However, the emergence of resistant strains could hinder this potential. In this study, florfenicol resistance was investigated in a total of 246 MDR Enterobacterales obtained from canine and feline clinical samples in Greece over a two-year period (October 2020 to December 2022); a total of 44 (17,9%) florfenicol-resistant strains were recognized and further investigated. Most of these isolates originated from urine (41.9%) and soft tissue (37.2%) samples; E. coli (n = 14) and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 12) were the predominant species. The strains were examined for the presence of specific florfenicol-related resistance genes floR and cfr. In the majority of the isolates (31/44, 70.5%), the floR gene was detected, whereas none carried cfr. This finding creates concerns of co-acquisition of plasmid-mediated florfenicol-specific ARGs through horizontal transfer, along with several other resistance genes. The florfenicol resistance rates in MDR isolates seem relatively low but considerable for a second-line antibiotic; thus, in order to evaluate the potential of florfenicol to constitute an alternative antibiotic in companion animals, continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance profiles is needed in order to investigate the distribution of florfenicol resistance under pressure of administration of commonly used agents.
Dexmedetomidine Sedation in Dogs: Impact on Electroencephalography, Behavior, Analgesia, and Antagonism with Atipamezole
Authors: Ko Jeff C. , Murillo Carla , Weil Ann B. , Kreuzer Matthia , Moore George E.
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to assess the impact of dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion (CRI) on key parameters in dogs. Six dogs received a 60 µg/kg/h dexmedetomidine infusion over 10 min, followed by three 15 min decremental CRIs (3, 2, and 1 µg/kg/h). A subsequent reversal phase employed 600 µg/kg/h atipamezole over 5 min. Continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) assessment, and cardiorespiratory and analgesia monitoring (every 3 min) were conducted, including analgesia evaluation through responses to electric stimulation. Dexmedetomidine induced profound sedation, evidenced by lateral recumbency and immobility. Patient State Index (PSI) decreased from awake (90.4 ± 4.3) to Phase 1 (50.9 ± 30.7), maintaining sedation (29.0 ± 18.1 to 33.1 ± 19.1 in Phases 2–4). Bradycardia (37.8 ± 3.5 bpm, lowest at Phase 3) and hypertension (133.7 ± 17.0 mmHg, highest at Phase 1) were observed, with minimal analgesia. Atipamezole promptly reversed sedation, restoring cognitive function (tail wagging behavior), and normalizing cardiovascular parameters. During atipamezole CRI, the EEG exhibited a transition from delta waves to alpha and low beta waves. This transition was observed alongside gradual increases in PSI and electromyographic activities. Additionally, spindle activities disappeared during this process. This study’s results suggest potential clinical utility for EEG-guided dexmedetomidine sedation with reversal using atipamezole, warranting further investigation.
A Case Study of a Reverse Osmosis Based Pumped Energy Storage Plant in Canary Islands
Authors: Lozano Medina Juan Carlos , Mendieta Pino Carlos Alberto , Ramos Martín Alejandro , León Zerpa Federico
Published: February 2024

Gran Canaria, due to its status as an island, has an isolated energy system (IES). This has made it dependent on itself for energy production, which is basically obtained from: (a) Wind and solar energy, which equals 19% of the total energy produced, (b) Energy obtained from the burning of fossil fuels in the energy production equipment of the existing thermal power stations, which equals 81% of the total energy produced. A solution must be found to the current production system, which is already partially obsolete and is due for renewal and/or decommissioning, in order to avoid “Energy Zero”, which means a change in the production cycle. In addition, the incorporation of a pumped hydroelectric energy storage plant “Chira-Soria” into the Gran Canaria electricity system represents another, even more important, change in the dynamics followed up to now. Basically, this plant, which is hydraulically stabilized by means of a seawater desalination plant, incorporates energy storage by storing water at high altitude to be turbined under appropriate conditions. The new situation will be analyzed with this incorporation and the option of an integrated operation in the overall energy system of Gran Canaria will be considered.
Risk Assessment and Analysis of Rock Burst under High-Temperature Liquid Nitrogen Cooling
Authors: Cai Yuhe , Ma Yankun , Teng Teng , Xue Yi , Wang Linchao , Cao Zhengzheng , Zhang Zhizhen
Published: February 2024

Rock burst, an important kind of geological disaster, often occurs in underground construction. Rock burst risk assessment, as an important part of engineering risk assessment, cannot be ignored. Liquid nitrogen fracturing is a new technology used in the geological, oil, and gas industries to enhance productivity. It involves injecting liquid nitrogen into reservoir rocks to induce fractures and increase permeability, effectively reducing rock burst occurrences and facilitating the flow of oil or gas toward the wellbore. The research on rock burst risk assessment technology is the basis of reducing rock burst geological disasters, which has important theoretical and practical significance. This article examines the temperature treatment of two types of rocks at 25 °C, 100 °C, 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C, followed by immersion in a liquid nitrogen tank. The temperature difference between the liquid nitrogen and the rocks may trigger rock bursting. The research focused on analyzing various characteristics of rock samples when exposed to liquid nitrogen. This included studying the stress–strain curve, elastic modulus, strength, cross-section analysis, wave velocity, and other relevant aspects. Under the influence of high temperature and a liquid nitrogen jet, the wave velocity of rocks often changes. The structural characteristics and possible hidden dangers of rocks can be understood more comprehensively through section scanning analysis. The stress–strain curve describes the deformation and failure behavior of rocks under different stress levels, which can help to evaluate their stability and structural performance. The investigation specifically focused on the behavior of rocks subjected to high temperatures and liquid nitrogen. By analyzing the stress–strain curves, researchers were able to identify the precursors and deformation processes that occur before significant deformation or failure. These findings have implications for the mechanical properties and stability of the rocks.
Analysis of Meteorological Element Variation Characteristics in the Heilongjiang (Amur) River Basin
Authors: Yue Qi , Yu Gao , Miao Yu , Zhou Yang
Published: February 2024

Located in the Heilongjiang (Amur) River in north-east Asia, spanning four countries, plays a crucial role as an international border river, and its meteorological changes significantly impact the variation in water resources in the basin. This study utilizes daily average temperature and precipitation data from 282 meteorological stations in the Heilongjiang (Amur) River Basin and its surrounding areas for the period 1980–2022. The analysis employs spatial interpolation, change point testing, and model construction prediction methods. The results indicate a significant increasing trend in both overall temperature and precipitation changes within the Heilongjiang (Amur) River Basin. At the spatial scale, the annual warming rate increases gradually from the southeastern coastal region to the northwestern plateau region, while the rate of precipitation increase decreases from the southern area towards its surroundings. Temporally, the warming amplitude during the growing season decreases gradually from east to west, and the trend in precipitation changes during the growing season aligns with the overall annual precipitation trend. During the non-growing season, the warming trend shows a decrease in the plains and an increase in the plateau, while precipitation increase concentrates in the central and southern plains, and precipitation decrease predominantly occurs in the northwestern plateau region. Temperature and precipitation change points occurred in the years 2001 and 2012, respectively. In precipitation prediction, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model exhibits higher accuracy, with R (Pearson correlation coefficient) and NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient) values approaching 1 and lower NRSME values. This study provides a research foundation for the rational development and utilization of water resources in the Heilongjiang (Amur) River Basin and offers valuable insights for research on climate change characteristics in large transboundary river systems.
Quantitative Groundwater Modelling under Data Scarcity: The Example of the Wadi El Bey Coastal Aquifer (Tunisia)
Authors: Baccouche Hatem , Lincker Manon , Akrout Hanene , Mellah Thuraya , Armando Yves , Schäfer Gerhard
Published: February 2024

The Grombalia aquifer constitutes a complex aquifer system formed by shallow, unconfined, semi-deep, and deep aquifers at different exploitation levels. In this study, we focused on the upper aquifer, the Wadi El Bey coastal aquifer. To assess natural aquifer recharge, we used a novel physiography-based method that uses soil texture-dependent potential infiltration coefficients and monthly rainfall data. The developed transient flow model was then applied to compute the temporal variation in the groundwater level in 34 observation wells from 1973 to 2020, taking into account the time series of spatially variable groundwater recharge, artificial groundwater recharge from 5 surface infiltration basins, pumping rates on 740 wells, and internal prescribed head cells to mimic water exchange between the wadis and aquifer. The quantified deviations in the computed hydraulic heads from measured water levels are acceptable because the database used to construct a scientifically sound and reliable groundwater model was limited. Further work is required to collect field data to quantitatively assess the local inflow and outflow rates between surface water and groundwater. The simulation of 12 climate scenarios highlighted a bi-structured north—south behaviour in the hydraulic heads: an increase in the north and a depletion in the south. A further increase in the pumping rate would, thus, be severe for the southern part of the Wadi El Bey aquifer.
Using Machine Learning Models to Forecast the Conversion Coefficient between Electricity Consumption and Water Pumped for Irrigation Wells in Baicheng City, China
Authors: Ke Hao , Zhang Fang , Sikai Yang , Zhe Ma , Bin Xu
Published: February 2024

Forecasting the electricity-to-water conversion coefficient (EWCC) can help manage and plan irrigation water in arid and semiarid areas. However, the EWCC is influenced by several factors, making it difficult to develop an analytical model for validation or prediction. Therefore, this study selected 206 typical irrigation wells in Baicheng City to conduct EWCC tests in a field investigation to gather information regarding the results and related influencing factors. Subsequently, machine learning models (multiple linear regression model, support vector model, and backpropagation neural network) were trained, validated, and tested, and their precisions were evaluated and compared. The backpropagation neural network model was the most accurate, followed by the support vector and multiple linear regression models. The backpropagation neural network model results were consistent with those of the field survey, and this model was thus used to forecast the EWCC for all the townships in Baicheng City. The forecasting models revealed that most towns had an EWCC from 3 to 7 m3/kW·h, with an EWCC greater than 7 observed in the Tao’er River Fan and Yueliangpao District. The BP models developed in this study proved to be dependable and applicable for forecasting the EWCC in this area.