bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaginar os romanos e a romanização: exposição de trabalhos de alunos no museu
Authors: Duque Seabra Elizabeth Aparecida , Do Céu Melo Maria
Published: July 2016

O objetivo do artigo é refletir sobre a ação educativa e as dinâmicas voltadas para as escolas, tecidas no Museu de Arqueologia D. Diogo de Sousa (MDDS) situado na cidade de Braga, Portugal. Esse museu dedica o seu acervo principalmente aos achados romanos. Aqui serão abordadas as obras plásticas de estudantes do 2º e 3º Ciclos da Educação Básica, expostos no Museu, como respostas às propostas de seu Serviço Educativo para as comemorações do Dia Internacional de Museus. Procuraremos entender as intenções que norteiam a ação, a produção de sentidos e os usos do patrimônio cultural, e faremos uma análise dos conteúdos históricos expressos pelos estudantes em seus trabalhos na dinâmica entre a cidade e o Museu.
Heterogeneidade temática e usos da memória de uma experiência histórica: uma visita ao Museu Digital da Memória Afro-Brasileira e Africana
Authors: Magela Roza Luciano
Published: July 2016

Considerando-se o museu na contemporaneidade como um espaço de luta política e cultural pela afirmação da diversidade, o artigo busca discutir algumas potencialidades do Museu Digital da Memória Afro-Brasileira para a problematização dos dilemas enfrentados na efetivação da Lei 11.645/2008 no Ensino de História.
Ouro Preto de todos os tempos: sentidos e efeitos do patrimônio na condição histórica da cidade
Authors: Bechler Rosiane Ribeiro , Sales Pereira Júnia
Published: July 2016

Dentre os demais estados, Minas Gerais é um dos que confere ao Brasil substância de seu passado colonial, singularizando e eternizando-se através das políticas de patrimônio e de um discurso fundador do Estado que faz coincidir o período aurífero ao passado requerido pela nação. A cidade de Ouro Preto consolidou-se como o cenário histórico idealconferindo conteúdo suntuoso ao passado histórico da ex-colônia, em um movimento pela história que a legitima como raiz e como memória. O artigo problematiza alguns dos efeitos da patrimonialização, em especial aqueles advindos da singularização desse cenário do barroco mineiro como substrato do histórico, o que configura o silenciamento de outras tantas histórias e memórias que também compõem a história dessa cidade. Considerando, evidentemente, a importância das políticas públicas de patrimonialização, interessa-nos provocar reflexões sobre os seus efeitos de sentido em aulas de história, evidenciando escalas possíveis para compreensão e alargamento dos horizontes de interpretação deste espaço múltiplo que é o de uma cidade “histórica”, patrimônio da humanidade e ícone referencial do passado histórico do Brasil.
Experiências docentes: Subprojeto História Capes/Pibid/USP
Authors: De Calazans Fernandes Antonia Terra , Aparecida dos Santos Eva , Cerqueira Santos Patrícia , Pellaes Corrêa Renata
Published: July 2016

O artigo trata de diferentes temas, pontos de vista e experiências de pro­fessoras envolvidas na formação de li­cenciandos, por meio do Subprojeto História, no âmbito do Programa Ins­titucional de Iniciação à Docência (Capes/Pibid/USP), realizado entre os anos de 2012 e 2014, na parceria entre o Departamento de História da FFL­CH/USP e Escolas Públicas da cidade de São Paulo.
Os cursos de História na perspectiva da avaliação
Authors: Maffini Griboski Claudia
Published: July 2016

O artigo aborda as discussões acerca dos critérios de avaliação para cursos de graduação, com ênfase nos cursos de formação de professores em História e o Bacharelado na mesma área. Focaliza o processo de superação da dicotomia entre licenciatura e bacharelado. A análise considera a implementação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a formação de professores e o papel da avaliação na concretização das diretrizes. Discorre sobre aspectos fundamentais e interligados na formação de professores: o marco legal do referido componente curricular, a definição de formação específica para os cursos de licenciatura e bacharelado e os resultados da avaliação pelo Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (Sinaes). A análise da avaliação disposta em nível nacional aponta considerações em relação à formação de professores na área de História.
A formação de professores de História em Portugal: práticas pedagógicas e investigativas
Authors: Do Céu de Melo Maria
Published: July 2016

O texto versa a formação de professores de História após a Declaração de Bolonha (1999), focando o Mestrado em Ensino de História e Geografia para o 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e o Ensino Secundário, condição legal em Portugal para o exercício de ser professor destas duas disciplinas do currículo nacional. Apesar da sua natureza bidisciplinar, detivemo-nos apenas na formação em História, já que a partir do ano letivo de 2015-2016 ela voltará a ser unidisciplinar. Explicita-se a articulação entre a formação histórica e a formação pedagógica, realçando a dimensão investigativa que sobressai neste modelo de um professor que se espera reflexivo, autónomo e pró-ativo na implementação de mudanças educacionais. O exemplo centra-se no mestrado oferecido pela Universidade do Minho, Portugal, cuja direção é da autora deste texto.
Narrativa autobiográfica en el cine: una alternativa para la enseñanza de la Historia Reciente
Authors: Martino Ermantraut Sabrina , Gregorini Vanesa
Published: July 2016

La presente propuesta busca analizar la construcción de la narrativa autobiográfica por medio del cine, sus posibilidades en el abordaje de la historia reciente así como el abanico de horizontes que se abren a partir de pensar su uso en el aula. Para ello, nos nutrimos de la microhistoria, perspectiva que destaca los aspectos cotidianos y las experiencias personales como elementos que iluminan un contexto más amplio. Desde este enfoque, y en pos de trabajar el vínculo entre cine, autobiografía e historia, seleccionamos tres películas cuyos directores recuperan hechos vividos en su infancia y los recrean desde el presente, aportando su singular mirada sobre la historia reciente de Argentina, Chile y Brasil. Estos relatos cinematográficos incluyen, en la narración de la experiencia, elementos ficcionales, recuerdos y olvidos, habilitando la reconstrucción de la memoria personal y colectiva.
Hidratación: determinados aspectos básicos para el desarrollo cientíﬁco-técnico en el campo de la nutrición
Authors: Perales-García Aránzazu , Estévez-Martínez Isabel , Urrialde Rafael
Published: July 2016

Introducción: la hidratación se define como el aporte de agua proveniente de alimentos y bebidas. Su estudio constituye desde hace unos años un área en sí misma dentro de la nutrición, que ha supuesto que en 2010 la European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) aprobara las recomendaciones de ingesta de agua; pero el estudio del estado de hidratación implica un elevado nivel metodológico que presenta ciertos desafíos. Objetivo: ofrecer una visión general de los principales problemas metodológicos en estudios sobre el estado de hidratación. Material y métodos: revisión de la bibliografía científica existente. Resultados: los principales problemas metodológicos presentes son: selección de la muestra (ámbito de investigación y diseño muestral), selección del método de evaluación del estado de hidratación (técnicas de dilución, impedancia bioeléctrica, indicadores plasmáticos y urinarios, cambios en la composición corporal, pérdidas de agua y síntomas clínicos), selección del método de valoración de la ingesta de agua (biomarcadores, cuestionarios, programas informáticos, uso de smartphones, registro 24 h, historia dietética y frecuencia de consumo de alimentos), así como sus principales fuentes dietéticas. Conclusiones: el estado de hidratación debe ser entendido como un modelo rutinario, de frecuencia diaria y variable en función de la edad, sexo, actividad física y condiciones ambientales; por todo ello es de especial importancia un correcto diseño metodológico capaz de recoger estos matices.
Beneﬁcios nutricionales y sanitarios asociados al consumo de kiwi
Authors: López-Sobaler Ana M. , Aparicio Vizuete Aránzazu , Ortega Anta Rosa María
Published: July 2016

Los kiwis, tanto la variedad verde (Actinidia deliciosa) como la de color amarillo (Sungold®) (A. chinensis), destacan entre las frutas de consumo habitual por su composición nutricional. Son excepcionalmente ricos en vitamina C, ya que los kiwis verdes duplican la cantidad que tienen fresas o naranjas, y el kiwi de color amarillo incluso la triplica. Además, los kiwis tienen un elevado contenido en vitaminas E, K, folatos, carotenoides, potasio, fibra y otros fitoquímicos, que proporcionan no solo beneficios nutricionales, sino también sanitarios. El consumo regular de kiwi en el contexto de una dieta equilibrada tiene efectos beneficiosos sobre la función inmune y defensa antioxidante; en la función gastrointestinal, mejorando la digestión proteica y el estreñimiento; y en el tracto respiratorio superior, ayudando en la prevención de infecciones y mejorando su sintomatología. Por último, el consumo habitual de kiwi se ha asociado a mejoras del estado de ánimo. La mayoría de estos beneficios pueden deberse al elevado contenido de vitamina C del kiwi, pero también a los otros nutrientes y fitoquímicos que actúan de forma sinérgica en la matriz alimentaria. Los resultados de los estudios realizados hasta ahora sugieren que el consumo diario de kiwi puede ser una estrategia efectiva para la promoción de la salud y prevención de numerosas enfermedades.
Papel de las bebidas fermentadas en el mantenimiento del peso perdido
Authors: Monereo Megías Susana , Arnoriaga Rodríguez María , Olmedilla Ishishi Yoko Lucía , Martínez de Icaya Purificación
Published: July 2016

La obesidad es una enfermedad muy prevalente con múltiples complicaciones crónicas que se reducen o desaparecen tras pérdidas pequeñas (5-10%) pero mantenidas de peso. Sin embargo, mantener la pérdida de peso tras el tratamiento es muy difícil, siendo uno de los mayores retos en el control de esta enfermedad. Aunque las razones que contribuyen a recuperar el peso perdido son de diversa índole, relacionadas con la respuesta biológica a la restricción calórica y con la pérdida de adherencia al tratamiento, hasta un 20% de los pacientes son capaces de mantenerlo. Las claves del éxito están relacionadas con el mantenimiento de los hábitos de vida saludable, el ejercicio físico y una ingesta calórica razonable que permita realizar una vida normal, sin pérdida de vida social. En este sentido, aprender a distinguir las opciones de comida y bebida en una sociedad donde la vida social gira en torno a la mesa en muchas ocasiones es muy importante. Revisamos en este artículo las claves para mantener el peso tras una dieta, así como el papel de las bebidas fermentadas, en especial, la cerveza, en este proceso. En conclusión, mantener el peso perdido es más difícil que perderlo. El consumo leve-moderado de bebidas fermentadas como la cerveza no se asocia con incremento del peso
Én-központú hálózatok kvalitatív elemzése
Authors: Sántha Kálmán
Published: July 2016

A tanulmány a hálózatkutatás egyik ágára, az Én-központú hálózatok elemzési lehetőségeire hívja fel a figyelmet. Bemutatja a strukturálatlan hálózatkártyák jellemzőit, valamint a Koncentrikus körök módszerére alapozva tárgyalja a strukturált és sztenderdizált, illetve a strukturált nem sztenderdizált hálózatkártyák Én-központú hálózatok elemzésében betölthető funkcióját. A tanulmány hangsúlyozza a módszertani trianguláció jelentőségét az empirikus vizsgálatokban, továbbá olyan technikákat mutat be, amelyek a kvalitatív és a kombinált vizsgálatok számára egyaránt jelentőséggel bírnak.
A novel approach for providing potable water in rural Sodwana Bay, northern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Simonis J. J. , Nweze A.
Published: July 2016

Many people living in the Sodwana area of South Africa do not have access to potable water. Groundwater is the best source of fresh water for the rural community. Potable water in the Zululand coastal plain, Sodwana, South Africa can be enhanced by: (i) providing detailed information on the aquifer system using geophysics; (ii) providing information on groundwater quality and its efficient use; (iii) providing low-cost/low technology local drillers with light-weight, manoeuvrable rigs with trained teams for drilling of 6-inch diameter boreholes. The electrical resistivity geophysical method was used to study the aquifer system and define viable groundwater zones. The electrical resistivity survey increased the borehole success rate by providing information on the aquifer system suitable for water extraction. A hydrocensus was also conducted for identifying boreholes, quality of drilling and for collecting samples for water quality analysis. The result indicated that the groundwater in the area is of suitable quality. Poor quality drilling and inadequate drilling depth indicated a requirement for improved drilling rigs and suitable training. Providing the rural community with suitable drilling equipment, training and adequate information will help to solve the problem of water scarcity and also create jobs.
Development and evaluation of a small scale water disinfection system
Authors: Alfa Dorcas , Rathilal Sudesh , Pillay V. L. , Pikwa Kumnandi , Chollom Martha N.
Published: July 2016

Provision of microbiologically safe drinking water for people living in the rural areas of developing countries remains a major challenge to date. A simple gravity-driven membrane point of use system was developed based on woven fabric microﬁltration (WFMF) membranes. The WFMF is a loose type of membrane (0.45 μm). However, complete disinfection is not achieved with the WFMF, hence it was incorporated with two disinfectants. This study aimed to combine the WFMF with two disinfectants (WaterGuard and bromochlor tablets) to bring the water to the accepted quality for drinking. Four different types of water were sourced, considering two factors: E. coli and turbidity content. The WFMF demonstrated excellent filtration performance by producing permeates with turbidity less than 1 NTU for feed turbidity ranging between 10 and 200 NTU. There was 95–99.8% E. coli removal for raw feeds with influent E. coli ranging between 500 and 44,500 CFU/100 mL. Total disinfection was achieved with both disinfectants; however, the effectiveness of the chemical disinfectants in E. coli removal was affected by the quality of water to be disinfected. The study showed that turbidity plays a major role in disinfection performances by increasing chlorine demand on water sources with high turbidity levels.
Population similarity of enterococci and Escherichia coli in surface waters: A predictive tool to trace the sources of fecal contamination
Authors: Ahmed W. , Neller R. , Katouli M.
Published: July 2016

A biochemical fingerprinting method (the PhPlate system) was used to compare similarities between Escherichia coli and enterococci populations from surface water samples with those found in different animal species during the wet and the dry seasons in order to predict the dominant source(s) of fecal contamination in a local creek. A significant increase in the number and diversity of enterococci was observed in the creek during the wet season. Enterococci population from water samples also showed a higher population similarity with animal species than did E. coli. A higher population similarity was found between both indicator bacteria and animal species during the wet season with highest population similarities found in dogs, horses, cows and kangaroos. In contrast, a low population similarity was found for both fecal indicator bacteria from humans with water samples during the wet and the dry seasons, indicating that humans are not a major source of contamination in the studied creek. The results also indicate that the population similarity analysis of enterococci population has an advantage over E. coli in tracing the possible source(s) of contamination in the studied creek and that population similarity analysis as used in this study can be used to predict the source(s) of fecal contamination in surface waters.
Cyto- and genotoxic profile of groundwater used as drinking water supply before and after disinfection
Authors: Pellacani C. , Cassoni F. , Bocchi C. , Martino A. , Pinto G. , Fontana F. , Furlini M. , Buschini A.
Published: July 2016

The assessment of the toxicological properties of raw groundwater may be useful to predict the type and quality of tap water. Contaminants in groundwater are known to be able to affect the disinfection process, resulting in the formation of substances that are cytotoxic and/or genotoxic. Though the European directive (98/83/EC, which establishes maximum levels for contaminants in raw water (RW)) provides threshold levels for acute exposure to toxic compounds, the law does not take into account chronic exposure at low doses of pollutants present in complex mixture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cyto- and genotoxic load in the groundwater of two water treatment plants in Northern Italy. Water samples induced cytotoxic effects, mainly observed when human cells were treated with RW. Moreover, results indicated that the disinfection process reduced cell toxicity, independent of the biocidal used. The induction of genotoxic effects was found, in particular, when the micronucleus assay was carried out on raw groundwater. These results suggest that it is important to include bio-toxicological assays as additional parameters in water quality monitoring programs, as their use would allow the evaluation of the potential risk of groundwater for humans.
Failure Analysis of Cracking on Side Tooth Gingivae of a Percussive Drill Bit
Authors: Tianliang Zhao , Zhiyong Liu , Cuiwei Du , Chaofang Dong , Xiaogang Li
Published: July 2016

Failures of percussive drill bits have been attributed to the external mechanical force and structural design by engineers and researchers for a long time. Few attentions have been focused on the material itself. Generally, it is the unqualified material, induced by the improper metallurgy and heat treatment process, which makes the drill bits fail soon after they are put into service. Reasons of the crackings on side tooth gingivae of a drill bit, which failed prematurely at the beginning of the service, were analyzed comparatively. Scanning electron microscope, metallographic observation, mechanical performance test and chemical composition analysis were adoptedfor the failure analysis. Results show that microstructure, chemical composition and mechanic properties of the substrate were excluded from the reasons of the cracking. It is mainly the excessive inclusions and defects in the carburized layer which induced the inhomogeneity of material organization and performance. Those inclusions and defects act as stress concentrators and leading to the crack initiation. In addition, toughness of the carburized layer is also decreased due to its over-carburization. It makescracks more easily initiate from the carburized layer and then propagate into the substrate under the stress of interference fit.
Development and Validation of the Fatigue State Questionnaire: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Greenberg Spencer , Aislinn Pluta , Kirsten DeConti
Published: July 2016

Study Objectives:

To develop and test an easy to administer, conceptually sound, self-report fatigue state questionnaire, the Fatigue State Questionnaire (FSQ).

Design:

A self-report study.

Setting:

Internet-based study.

Participants:

214 adults recruited via the Internet website, Mechanical Turk.

Interventions:

Not applicable

Measurements and Results:

The FSQ showed adequate internal consistency; Chronbach's alpha ranged from .73 to .82. Test-retest reliability after a ten-minute interval was also acceptable (r=.71). The FSQ had incremental validity over the (SSS) in predicting measures of participant health (r=-.25 vs. r=-.11, z=-2.30, p=<.05), sleep debt (r=.30 vs. r= .15, z=2.82, p<.01) and sleep changes (over or under sleeping by 90 minutes or more) on the night prior (r=.35 vs. r=.22, z=2.20, p<.05). FSQ scores were significantly higher in unhealthy participants compared to healthy participants and in participants with a sleep debt or a sleep change compared to participants with their ideal amount of sleep. FSQ scores were also significantly higher in participants taking the test during a circadian low with sleep debt or sleep changes than in participants taking the test during a circadian mid or high point with these sleep differences.

Conclusion:

The FSQ shows promise as a reliable, valid instrument for measuring the fatigue state. Future research should compare within-subject FSQ scores at multiple intervals across the circadian cycle to further assess validity.
Primary Intracranial Choriocarcinoma Located in the Suprasellar Region
Authors: Li Xiuli , Murayama Kazuhiro , Watanabe Ayumi , Abe Masato , Toyama Hiroshi
Published: July 2016

A 10 year old girl was admitted to our hospital due to headache, nausea, and weight loss for about half a year. She also had visual field disorders. Suprasellar tumor was found by X-ray computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a ring-like lobulated enhanced mass with hemorrhage and necrosis. Biopsy of this lesion showed primary intracranial choriocarcinoma on histopathological examination. The serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level was measured after the biopsy and was elevated at 71,298.2 IU/L. The patient died due to hydrocephalus caused by an increase in the size of the tumor with a larger amount of hemorrhage than the preoperative features. If young patients present with a suprasellar lobulated mass with hemorrhage, the serum hCG level should be measured before operation.
Cases of Paternity Discrepancy in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Jude Uchendu Obiora , Odokuma Emmanuel Igho
Published: July 2016

Reports on paternity discrepancy have been poorly studied. In this study, 6 cases of paternity disputes in Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara were reviewed. The review showed non paternity, gender inequality, and poverty, low-level of education, infidelity, and discrepancy in inheritance system. Lack of knowledge on female sexuality and contraception as well as separation of partners in marital relationships were implicated as important risk factors.
PERCEPTION OF ORGAN AND CORPSE DONATION AMONG STUDENTS OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES
Authors: EBEYE Abimbola Oladuni , OJEBOR Chukwuedu , ALABI Ade
Published: July 2016

In this era of great health challenges, organ donation may be the only intervention to failing and failed organs. Organ donation is willingly accepting to donate an organ or part of an organ to someone with a failing organ or failed organ. There are very few voluntary donations. Cadavers a major tool in the study of anatomy is gotten through unclaimed bodies, corpse from condemned criminals and donation of corpse for teaching and research. This cross sectional survey includes 707 students, 390 dissecting students and 317 non dissecting students from the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University Abraka. Structured questionnaires were administered to the student and date analysed. This was done to know the perception of student to organ and corpse donation and to assess if dissection affects the willingness to donate one’s organ or corpse for research. Result generally showed a negative attitude to organ and corpse donation. Only 5.9% considered donating their organs and 4.1% considered donating their corpse for research. The poor attitude towards organ and body donation may be attributed to people not wanting their body to be disrespected (30%), fear of the effect of donation (23%), religious beliefs (10%), and traditional beliefs (6%). Surprisingly lack of awareness to donation of organs and corpse accounted for a few percentages.
CORRELATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND CARRYING ANGLE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN ABRAKA, NIGERIA
Authors: ANIBOR Ese , OJIGHO Efe , OGBATORHO Tobore
Published: July 2016

Context: Carrying angle and body mass index (BMI) varies among individuals and therefore significant in forensic medicine and anthropology.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the BMI of healthy adolescents from Abraka had an impact on the carrying angle of the elbow joint. This research was also aimed at determining the variation of carrying angle among male and female adolescents from Abraka in Nigeria.Settings and Design: The multi-stage sampling technique was employed in this cross sectional study.Methods and Materials: Three hundred and eighty-four volunteers between the ages of 10 to 19 years (mean 14years) were investigated.Statistical analysis used: The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 20). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to establish the relationship between carrying angle and body mass index among the adolescents. The independent t test was used to determine gender differences in carrying angle among the participants.Results: Gender had no significant effect on the mean carrying angle irrespective of the side (p>0.05). There was a weak positive correlation between right carrying angle (M=12.411, SD=1.719) and BMI (M=18.730, SD=2.613), with r=0.144 and p<0.05. It was also observed that there was a weak positive correlation between left carrying angle (M=12.480, SD=1.787) and BMI (M=18.730, SD=2.613), with r=0.017 and p<0.05.Conclusion: The BMI of adolescents in Delta State has an impact on the carrying angle of the elbow joint.
BLAST INJURIES TO THE HAND FROM CELEBRATIONS GONE WRONG – A SERIES OF DISABLING INJURIES FROM FIRECRACKERS
Authors: OTENE Cletus I , EMEAGUI Kennedy N , OBU Gabriel O , ODIKPO Benjamin O , OTENE Christopher O , IKUBOR Joyce E
Published: July 2016

Firecrackers are explosives that differ in types and potency. They have the potential to cause devastating hand injuries. Blast related injuries from firecrackers have become increasingly frequent in our practice. The study involved a series of hand injury cases that had been managed in two hospitals from Jan. 1, 2015 to Dec. 31, 2015 and was aimed at highlighting the patterns of devastating hand injuries to the dominant hands of young patients who might have sustained these injuries in the euphoria of celebrations.Commercially available fireworks are often erroneously regarded as harmless, compared to combat ammunition, but our experience demonstrates their real potential for devastating hand injuries.
RISK FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIVER ABSCESSES AND DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGY IN THEIR SUSPECTED PRESENCE
Authors: WILSON Josiah Iju , MEDVEDEV Vladimir Egorovich
Published: July 2016

Introduction: The main risk aetiological factors of liver abscesses and development of precision liver ultrasound recommendations to detect signs of possible abscess formation were studied.Material and methods: 248 patients of both sexes aged 4-81 years with liver abscesses were analyzed. Medical history, physical examination, clinical laboratory tests, hydrogen breath test with, ultrasound examination, if necessary - computed tomography and fine needle diagnostic biopsy under ultrasound guidance were carried out..Results and discussion: It was established that liver abscesses are aetiologically heterogeneous, in which the largest in the group was pylephlebitic (64.1%), posttraumatic (14.5%), cholangiogenic (12.5%) and contact abscesses (1.2 %). In connection with the effacement or nonspecific clinical picture, often severe condition of the patient, the prevalence of symptoms in some cases of other diseases, liver abscesses may not be promptly diagnosed.Conclusion: The presence of clinical and laboratory signs of suppurate inflammatory processes, risk factors such as the presence of bacterial overgrowth syndrome, inflammatory diseases of the intestines, history of the use of proton pump inhibitors, diseases in association with cholestasis, surgery, history of trauma, abscesses of other locations, it is recommended that precision liver ultrasound should be carried out to detect possible echo signs of liver abscesses.
New Insights into Dialysis Vascular Access: Molecular Targets in Arteriovenous Fistula and Arteriovenous Graft Failure and Their Potential to Improve Vascular Access Outcomes
Authors: Lee Timmy , Misra Sanjay
Published: July 2016

Vascular access dysfunction remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. At present there are few effective therapies for this clinical problem. The poor understanding of the pathobiology that leads to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and graft (AVG) dysfunction remains a critical barrier to development of novel and effective therapies. However, in recent years we have made substantial progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of vascular access dysfunction. This article presents recent advances and new insights into the pathobiology of AVF and AVG dysfunction and highlights potential therapeutic targets to improve vascular access outcomes.
Site occupancy of transition elements in C15 NbCr2 laves phase: A first-principles study
Authors: Long Q. , Wang J. , Du Y. , Nie X. , Jin Z.
Published: July 2016

Using first-principles calculations, site occupancy behaviors of transition
elements in C15 NbCr2 Laves phase are systematically investigated. Elements
Y, Sc, Zr, Hf, Cd, Ta, Ti and Ag prefer to occupy the Nb site, and elements
Zn, Pt, Re, Tc, Ir, V, Os, Rh, Ru, Ni, Co, Mn, Fe and Cu favor to occupy the
Cr site; whereas elements Mo, W, Pd and Au have weak site preference for Cr
or Nb site. The present calculations agree well with the available
experimental and previously calculated results. It was found that the site
occupancy behavior of transition elements in NbCr2 is mainly affected by the
radii of transition elements. The present calculations also propose the
correlation between the site preference energy and radii of transition
elements.
Interleukin 1-beta analysis in chronically inflamed and healthy human dental pulp
Authors: Subaric Ljiljana , Mitic Aleksandar , Matvijenko Vladimir , Jovanovic Radovan , Zivkovic Dusan , Peric Dejan , Vlahovic Zoran
Published: July 2016

Background/Aim. Proinflammatory cytokines can act like endogenous pyrogen interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF ?) which regulate the synthesis of secondary mediators and other proinflammatory cytokines through macrophages and mesenchymal cells. They stimulate acute-phase proteins and attract inflammatory cells. The aim of this study was to determine interleukin 1-? (IL-1 ?) concentrations in chronically inflamed and healthy dental pulps. Methods. A total of 41 pulps (19 from patients with pulpitis chronic causa and 22 from patients with pulpatis chronic aperta), divided into two groups, were obtained from teeth with chronic pulp inflammation. The control group consisted of 12 teeth with healthy pulp. After extirpation, pulp samples were immediately placed in sterile Eppendorf tubes and frozen. After that, homogenisation was performed by a Teflon? pestle in ice-cold phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 whose volume was adjusted according to the weight of tissue. The supernatant was then frozen at -70?C until the performance of appropriate biochemical analyses. Cytokine IL-1 ? value was determined by a commercial enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA test). We applied the high sensitivity system technique, which may register low levels of cytokines, ranging from 0.125 to 8.0 pg/mL for IL-1 ?. Results. By comparing the mean value of IL-1?, in the pulps we can see a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) among them. The highest value of IL-1 ? was in the subjects with pulpitis chronica clausa and it was 6.21 ? 2.70 pg/mL. Conclusion. Proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 ? is present in detectable quantities in the pulp tissue of all vital pulps. Its highest concentrations were found in the sample group with pulpitis chronica clausa.
Ipsilateral humeral neck and shaft fractures
Authors: Zhu Bin , Micic Ivan , Kim Kyung-Chun , Park Jin-Young , Kekatpure Aashay , Stojiljkovic Predrag , Jeon In-Ho
Published: July 2016

Background/Aim. Fractures of the proximal humerus or shaft are common, however, ipsilateral neck and shaft humerus fracture is a rare phenomenon. This combination injury is challenging for orthopaedic surgeons because of its complex treatment options at present. The purpose of this study was to review a series of ipsilateral humeral neck and shaft fractures to study the fracture pattern, complications and treatment outcomes of each treatment options used. Methods. A total of six patients (four female and two male) with the average age of 42.8 years (range: 36?49 years) was collected and reviewed retrospectively. Two of them were treated with double plates and four with antegrade intramedullary nail. According to the Neer?s classification, all proximal fractures were two-part surgical neck fractures. All humeral shaft fractures were located at the middle of one third. Five fractures were simple transverse (A3), one fragmented wedge fracture (B3). One patient had associated radial nerve palsy. Results. All surgical neck fractures except one united uneventfully in the average time span of 8.7 weeks. Four humeral shaft fractures healed in near anatomic alignment. The remaining two patients had the nonunion with no radiological signs of fracture healing. The average University of California, Los Angeles End-Results (UCLA) score was 23.1. On the contrary, the average American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon's (ASES) score was 73.3. The patients treated with antegrade intramedullary nails presented 70.5 points. The ASES scores were 79 in the double plates group. Conclusions. Ipsilateral humeral shaft and neck fracture is extremely rare. Both antegrade intramedullar nailing and double plates result in healing of fractures. However the risk of complication is lower in the double plating group.
Oral appliances in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Kopitovic Ivan , Pjevac Sandra , Miric Milica , Milicic Dragana , Vukoja Marija
Published: July 2016

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Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: is it really necessary to show granuloma? - The report of eight cases
Authors: Podgorac Ana , Zidverc-Trajkovic Jasna , Jovanovic Zagorka , Ristic Aleksandar , Radojicic Aleksandra , Pavlovic Aleksandra , Mijajlovic Milija , Svabic-Medjedovic Tamara , Covickovic-Sternic Nadezda
Published: July 2016

Introduction. Tolosa?Hunt syndrome (THS) is a rare entity, characterized by unilateral orbital pain associated with paresis of one or more of the oculomotor cranial nerves and caused by a granulomatous inflammation in the cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure or orbit. The low prevalence of THS with a broad spectrum of other disorders that could cause painful ophtalmoplegia resulted in a stricter diagnostic criteria of THS in the latest edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Current criteria require demonstration of granuloma by magnetic resonance imaging or biopsy. The diagnosis could be difficult and the initiation of treatment delayed due to a high variablity of clinical presentation of TSH. Reducing the number of patients that, based on clinical presentation, could be classified as having THS, but do not fullfil all diagnostic criteria further complicates establishing of correct diagnosis. Case report. Hereby we presented eight patients diagnosed with and treated for THS. Inspite the exclusion of other causes of painful ophtalmoplegia, granuloma could not be demonstrated in a half of patients. Clinical presentation of THS in patients with and without shown granuloma, did not significantly differ concerning headache characteristics (localization, intensity, quality, duration preceding cranial nerve palsy, response to steroids), the affected cranial nerve, disease course and response to the treatment, as well as types of diagnostic procedures that were performed in ruling out other diseases from the extensive differential diagnosis of painful ophthalmoplegia. Conclusion. There is no significant difference between the THS patients with and without demonstrated granuloma.
Torsional strength of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing–fabricated esthetic orthodontic brackets
Authors: Alrejaye Najla , Pober Richard , Giordano II Russell
Published: July 2016

Objective: To fabricate orthodontic brackets from esthetic materials and determine their fracture resistance during archwire torsion.

Materials and Methods: Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology (Cerec inLab, Sirona) was used to mill brackets with a 0.018 × 0.025-inch slot. Materials used were Paradigm MZ100 and Lava Ultimate resin composite (3M ESPE), Mark II feldspathic porcelain (Vita Zahnfabrik), and In-Ceram YZ zirconia (Vita Zahnfabrik). Ten brackets of each material were subjected to torque by a 0.018 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire (G&H) using a specially designed apparatus. The average moments and degrees of torsion necessary to fracture the brackets were determined and compared with those of commercially available alumina brackets, Mystique MB (Dentsply GAC).

Results: The YZ brackets were statistically significantly stronger than any other tested material in their resistance to torsion (P < .05). The mean torques at failure ranged from 3467 g.mm for Mark II to 11,902 g.mm for YZ. The mean torsion angles at failure ranged from 15.3° to 40.9°.

Conclusion: Zirconia had the highest torsional strength among the tested esthetic brackets. Resistance of MZ100 and Lava Ultimate composite resin brackets to archwire torsion was comparable to commercially available alumina ceramic brackets.
Interpretácia ako konštituent človeka, komunikácie a porozumenia / Interpretation as a Constituent of Human, Communication and Understanding
Authors: Dolník Juraj
Published: July 2016

This paper is intended to be an introduction to the elucidation of the mutual understanding on the basis of the concept interpretation. The author raises the question about how is it possible to understand each other in spite of the fact that the mental world is immediately inaccessible. He argues that the possibility of the mutual understanding is an anthropological constant: the human being is set for understanding as a result of the evolutional mature of his interpretational ability. The major part of the text is an attempt at explanation of the role of interpretation in the process of shaping of the subject. It is argued that the germ of the subjectivity is the instinct for self-preservation which determines the fundamental relation of the human to the world: the world is seen through the lens of egocentrism. Showing that the possibility of the mutual understanding of egocentric subjects is a deceptive paradox helps us comprehend the anthropological foundation of this phenomenon. The final part of the text outlines the problem of the mutual understanding in the real interactional conditions and focuses the attention on three fundamental factors: ego, language, egoism
Osvojovanie slovesnej lexiky v ranej ontogenéze reči / Werbs Acquisition in Early Childhood
Authors: Slančová Daniela
Published: July 2016

The main aim of the study is to introduce a new method which has not been applied in the Slovak study of child language so far, and to answer 4 main research questions: (1) What is the development of understanding and production of verbs in early lexical development of Slovak-speaking children? (2) Are there any differences in verbs understanding and production between Slovak-speaking girls and boys? (3) What is the linguistic picture of the world given by incipient verbal lexicon of Slovak-speaking children? (4) Is there any difference between the linguistic picture of the world of Slovak-speaking girls and boys? The method is based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the lexical part of the Slovak version of CDI 1 Test of communicative abilities TEKOS 1: Words and gestures with 44 verbs in the part “actions and states”. Parents were asked to fill in the checklist and choose from three options: i) child understands and speaks, ii) understands, iii) does not understand The research sample consists of 323 girls and 330 boys in their age from 8 to 16 months. The results show the unanimous developmental trajectory in verbs acquisition in both, girls and boys. The differences shown in production in favor of girls in last two months are not statistically significant. The linguistic picture of the world is cognitively and semantically gender-universal, concentrated on corporeal concepts connected with social concept. The prototypical verbs in first 16 months of the age of the children are jesť (to eat) and dať (to give)
Sexual health information disparities between heterosexual and LGBTQ+ young adults: Implications for sexual health
Authors: Charest Maxime , Kleinplatz Peggy J. , Lund Jessie I.
Published: July 2016

Most studies on young adults' sources of sexual health information and confidence in sexual health practices have focused primarily on heterosexual university students. This study sought to bridge this gap in the literature by exploring where emerging adults, including LGBTQ+ individuals and those who do not pursue postsecondary education, obtain their sexuality information and how this relates to sexual self-efficacy. A total of 386 adults between the ages of 18 and 25 were divided into higher education (n=306) versus high school (n=80) groups and heterosexual (n=215) versus LGBTQ+ (n=171) emerging adults. Participants completed measures of sexual health information sources, as well as self-efficacy with regard to sexual health practices. Heterosexual participants obtained significantly more information from school/university courses and less from educational websites/news outlets than LGBTQ+ participants. Heterosexual participants were significantly more confident in their sexual health practices than LGBTQ+ participants. Different sources of information helped predict sexual self-efficacy across these four groups. Acquiring more information from significant others was the only significant predictor of sexual self-efficacy for all four groups. This study suggests that sexual health information should be discussed within a more relational or interpersonal framework, and that LGBTQ+ issues should be further incorporated and integrated in sex education curricula. Implications for healthcare providers, public health policy, sex educators, clinicians and future research are discussed.
An Expanded Approach to Evaluating Open Access Journals
Authors: Ray Margaret
Published: July 2016

The advent of open access publishing necessitates evaluating the quality of a plethora of new journals. The problem of ensuring quality is inherent in the benefits and goals of open access publishing, which attempts to establish a system for reporting research findings that is inclusive and expeditious. However, inclusivity and speed may run counter to the goals of quality and reliability, and the pressure for researchers to publish creates incentives to participate in a fraudulent system. This paper presents an alternative approach to evaluating the legitimacy of open access publications. Those concerned about the quality of open access publishing have attempted to evaluate journals based on criteria that refer to externally available information. The approach used here provides additional, internal information about participation in journals' review processes. This additional information, namely, documentation of the process from submission through review to acceptance, is crucial for evaluating potentially fraudulent open access journals that might appear legitimate based on publicly available information.
Teaching Publishing as Information Technology: A Description of a Structural Editing Curriculum at a South African University
Authors: Borgstrom Liam
Published: July 2016

As traditional publishing becomes more digitized, the responsibilities of its professionals become increasingly distributed. This is especially true in situations where copy editors are required to work within a mark-up (increasingly XML) paradigm. In developing our curriculum, we have shaped our teaching of editorial practice to consistently reinforce the underlying structure of a publication, as inferred from the technology and practices of a production department. As such, the philosophy of creating a publication from an informed structural perspective has become one of our key driving concepts reinforced over the course of several modules in our degree and continuing professional development programs.
Observations on Revised Art History Dissertations Published by University Presses
Authors: Hérubel Jean-Pierre V. M.
Published: July 2016

This paper explores basic bibliographic and some intellectual characteristics of revised art history dissertations published as university press titles. Book data available from Yankee Book Peddler were gathered for revised dissertations published as books from 1998 to 2013. This corpus revealed subject concentrations, key university presses, and some intellectual characteristics (including interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary focus). In addition, geographical subject distribution, page counts, and cost were examined. This study offers a quantitative survey of art history books that originated as dissertation research.
A Scientometric Analysis of Scholarly Publication in the Fields of Management, Operations, Economics, and Business from Iran
Authors: Gorjizadeh Davood , Eftekhar Azar
Published: July 2016

The number of scientific publications by Iranian academics has grown considerably in the last decade. In the current study, scientometric methods were used to analyse the scientific publications—journal articles and conference papers—of Iranian researchers in the management-operations and economics-business fields, indexed in the Web of Science, from 1990 to 2010. The aim of the study was to measure institutional collaboration, the quality of journals, and the role of highly productive authors in highly cited articles in the aforementioned fields. Results showed that the intra-institutional rate of collaboration was greater than inter-institutional or international collaboration. Results also indicated that more than half of Iranian journal articles in the fields of interest were published in high-quality journals. Finally, a comparison of highly cited papers and highly productive authors revealed that highly productive authors did not make significant contributions to the top articles of the fields.
Surgical Skills Training with Cryopreserved Rat Stomachs
Authors: Sotres-Vega Avelina , Villalba-Caloca Jaime , Azrad-Daniel Shely , García-Montes Jazmín A. , Torre-Jaime J. Luis , Guadarrama-Sánchez Isabel , Pérez-Covarrubias Diana , Santibañez-Salgado J. Alfredo
Published: July 2016

The objective of this study is to present a high-fidelity bench model of cryopreserved stomachs that can be used while learning surgical skills. Thirty stomachs were harvested from Wistar rats at the end of non-abdominal research studies. The stomachs were washed with cold saline solution and filled with hyaluronic acid solution. The organs were then placed into cryovials and cryopreserved at −30 °C for 60 days. The stomachs were thawed to room temperature on the day of the surgical skills practice and two full-thickness incisions were made. Reporting on their experiences, 22 participants (73.33%) felt that the cryopreserved stomach was identical to in vivo rat stomachs, 24 (80.00%) reported that the stomach was easy to handle, and 27 (90%) reported the tissue was non-friable. Moreover, 29 participants (96.6%) finished the suturing without tears and 100% recommended it as a biomaterial for surgical training. The cryopreserved stomach is a practical, reproducible, low-cost, and high-fidelity bench model that allows surgical fellows to learn how to handle a stomach and improve their surgical abilities before performing surgery on patients or laboratory animals.