bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JAMAAH TABLIGH DAN FESTISISM
Authors: Kasmana Kankan
Published: January 2019

Islam diterima sebagai agama, pandangan dan jalan hidup masyarakat Indonesia. Penetrasi Islam ke Indonesia membuat menciptakan konsep-konsep baru, pandangan, cara hidup, cara berfikir yang mempengaruhi kehidupan sosial dan masyarakat Indonesia. Dalam tatanan  aktualisasinya ajaran Islam ditafsirkan beragam, berakibat pada perbedaan dalam pelaksanaannya. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh padangan turun temurun, tafsir-tafsir yang ada, media, serta pemikiran-pemikiran dari komunitas atau perorangan yang dianggap menjadi sumber terpercaya. Jamaah Tabligh, sebuah organisasi yang mewarnai keberagaman pelaksanaan ajaran Islam di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini penulis mencoba menganalisa tentang Jamaah Tabligh dan Fetisisme, sebuah wacana tentang sudut pandang fetisisme dan keyakinan golongan dengan berbagai sumber rujukan. Dapat ditarik sebuah kesimpulan bahwa Jamaah Tabligh sangat menjunjung ajaran Islam yang dipengaruhi oleh Kitab Fadhail Amal yang menjadi rujukan utama, yang dikarang oleh Muhammad Zakariya Al Kandahlawi. Dalam penafsirannya, banyak sekali peniruan pada Rosul Muhammad seperti penampilan fisik, cara berpakaian yang menjadi entitas dari sebuah spiritualitas, yang membentuk sebuah habitus. Sebagian peniruan merupakan adopsi dari budaya Arab, India dan Afganistan dimana menjadi daerah awal berkembangnya ajaran jamaah ini. Bentuk peniruan merupakan wujud harapan untuk mencapai kepuasan spiritual, dan mencapai pengalaman religius tertentu, sebagai bentuk fetisisme. Namun hal tersebut kembali pada motivasi anggota Jamaah yang sangat beragam.
KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL DAN KESALAHPAHAMAN KONSTRUKSI DALAM IKLAN FREN SOBAT VERSI "NELPON PAKE FREN BAYARNYA PAKE DAUN"
Authors: Tarmawan Irwan
Published: January 2019

Pesan merupakan suatu kontruksi tanda yang melalui interaksinya dengan penerima menghasilkan makna, dan membaca adalah proses menemukan makna yang terjadi ketika pembaca berinteraksi atau bernegoisasi dengan teks. Pesan dalam iklan Fren versi "Nelpon Pake Fren Bayarnya Pake Daun", ini dirancang dengan memuat teks menjadi tanda yang dibaca dan dipersepsi Oleh orang berdasarkan pengetahuan dan pengalaman dalam lingkup sosialnya, yang terkonstruksi selama hidup pengguna berdasarkan proses hubungan sosial dengan beragam budaya yang berkembang terhadap sesuatu yang disepakati. Periklanan menciptakan struktur makna, menghadirkan realitas dalam kehidupan manusia. Pengetahuan ini memberikan kekuasaan, kekuasaan untuk membuat pelbagai pilihan tentang apa yang dapat diartikan, kekuasaan untuk menerima atau menolak apa yang diinformasikan. Membentuk pengetahuan tidak saja berdasarkan fakta, akan tetapi kemampuan dalam menganalisa dan interpretasi. Ketika pengetahuan dan pengalaman kita kurang dalam memahami sesuatu, tentunya dapat mengakibatkan terjadi kesalahpahaman dalam memahami sesuatu yang dimaksud. Konstruksi sosial terjadi karena proses pengetahuan yang terhimpun dari setiap individu dan berkembang menjadi pengalaman da/am memahami sesuatu. Manusia dapat merubah atau memperbaiki konstruksi berdasarkan pengalaman yang dimiliki yang disepakati bersama. Iklan Tidak saja harus dipandang dan dipahami sebagai bentuk komunikasi yang menawarkan sesuatu saja, iklan seharusnya bukan hanya iklan jujur, bukan hanya artistik, namun lebih dari itu iklan yang baik memiliki nilai-nilai sosial, edukasi, dan tidak bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai yang ada dalam masyarakat.
BONEKA 'BARBIE' BERKERUDUNG SEBAGAI BENTUK DESAIN DAN KEBUDAYAAN
Authors: Albar Deni
Published: January 2019

Mainan sebagai hasil budaya, merupakan objek desain yang didalamnyaterkandung nilai-nilai yang dapat dimaknai berlainan tergantung audiensnya. Fenomena boneka bergaya Barbie yang erat dengan budaya barat, kini hadir dengan tradisi berkerudung budaya timur tengah atau negara-negara mayoritas muslim merupakan suatu hal yang menarik untuk dibahas. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan relasi budaya interculturalism dan multiculturalism dengan objek desain yang hadir dalam budaya tersebut. Sebagai contoh objek desain dalam relasi antar desain dan kebudayaan, maka keberadaan mainan boneka bergaya Barbie yang erat dengan budaya barat, hadir dengan tradisi berkerudung budaya timur tengah dan negara-negara mayoritas muslim menjadicontoh relasi yang tepat dari desain dan kebudayaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini maka dapat disimpulkan pemahaman terhadap desain dan kebudayaan merupakan hal yang penting agar tidak terjadi kesalahpahaman dalam proses komunikasi. Desain memiliki peranan penting dalam budaya dan begitu pun sebaliknya, budaya juga memiliki perananan yang tidak kalah penting dalam desain. Keduanya dapat saling mempengaruhi satu sama lain, berasimilasi dan mampu menciptakan perubahan makna dalam suatu keadaan sosial. Aspek interculturalism dan multiculturalism, terkait objek „Barbie muslim‟ , merupakan aspek yang secara sosial dipahami berbeda-beda oleh audiensnya. Pada saat „Barbie muslim‟ ini berinteraksi dengan budaya yang berbeda dengan budaya dimana „Barbie muslim‟ hadir, tentunya dapat terjadi  kesalahpahaman persepsi dalam memaknai. Barbie sendiri hadir sebagai media multi-cultur dimana atribut-atribut asli Barbie barat mampu diterima budaya timur dan menyatu dengan atribut cara berpakaian budaya setempat.Kata Kunci: barbie, muslim, desain, budaya
CITRAAN GAYA HARAJUKU PADA GAYA GRAFIS GRAFIS PRODUK DISTRO
Authors: Ekawardhani Yully Ambarsih , Yanti Ari
Published: January 2019

Gaya Harajuku adalah sebuah fenomena yang sedang marak diadopsipada gaya grafis. Nama Harajuku merujuk pada sebuah tempat di Jepang, yang di dalamnya terdapat aktivitas fashion jalanan (street fashion), yang sangat dominan sehingga mempopulerkan tempat tersebut. Dominasinya tidak hanya mempengaruhi pencitraan tempat, tetapi menempatkan nama Harajuku menjadi sebuah gaya (style) berbusana. Menariknya, gaya tersebut kemudian diadopsi lagi menjadi gaya grafis pada produk-produk distro. Gaya grafis yang muncul membuat pencitraan yang mengesankan gaya Harajuku. Penelitian ini mengamati pengadopsian gaya Harajuku yang diterapkan pada gaya grafis produk distro. Asumsi dasarnya adalah pada gaya grafis tersebut terdapat ciri-ciri gaya Harajuku. Selain ciri juga terdapat penambahan karakter yang sesuai dengan jenis-jenis gaya Harajuku. Secara khusus, hal ini terjadi pada beberapa distro di kota Bandung. Sampel distro yang digunakan sebagai bahan penelitiannya adalah Screamous, Airplane System, dan Cosmic Clothing Company.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari keempat distro tersebut, tidakseluruhnya gaya grafis distro-distro tersebut mengadopsi citraan gaya Harajuku. Masih ada kecenderungan untuk tidak mengadopsi seluruh jenis gaya Harajuku. Terdapat lima gaya Harajuku yang lebih banyak menjadi pilihan, yaitu Gothic Lolita/Lolita, Cosplay, Vintage, Teenage Romance No Future dan Unformal Blazer.Kata Kunci: Gaya, Harajuku, Grafis, Distro
KAJIAN PRINSIP POKOK TIPOGRAFI (LEGIBILITY, READBILITY, VISIBILITY, DAN CLARITY) PADA POSTER FILM BERANAK DALAM KUBUR THE MOVIE DAN JELANGKUNG
Authors: Ekawardhani Yully Ambarsih , Natagracia Ganeshya
Published: January 2019

Film merupakan suatu media komunikasi massa dan digunakan sebagaisarana hiburan. Film horor adalah salah satu genre dalam film, yangmenampilkanketegangan, kerisauan, kejijikan, dan berbagai kejadian tidak masuk akal. Pembahasan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai tinjauan visual tipografi judul film khususnya film horor Indonesia dalam media poster. Poster film memiliki elemen-elemen visual dimana tipografi film adalah salah satunya. Disini yang menarik perhatian adalah upaya menunjukkan kesan horor melalui tipografi. Pembahasan dalam penelitian ini adalah prinsip penggunaan tipografijudul film horor Indonesia pada poster. Dalam penelitian ini, untuk menjawab permasalahan yang diangkat tersebut dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, yaitu metode atau cara menguraikan pemecahan masalah berdasarkan faktafakta yang terjadi pada waktu sekarang.Dari hasil penelitian dan analisis yang telah dilakukan, dapat ditarik kesimpulan Bahwa, tipografi judul film horor Indonesia pada dua poster film horor, yaitu Beranak Dalam Kubur The Movie dan Jelangkung, menggunakan jenis font yang sudah ada, dan kemudian dimodifikasikan dengan visual effect untuk menambah kesan horor secara visual. Berdasarkan teori prinsip pokok tipografi, penggunaan huruf pada poster film Beranak dalam Kubur The Movie telah memenuhi kaidah tipografi, sementara untuk film berjudul Jelangkung, belum memenuhi kaidah tipografi. Baik itu dari kualitas pada huruf yang membuat huruf tersebut dapat terbaca (legibility), kualitas pada teks yang membuat teks tersebut mudah dibaca (readibility), kemampuan huruf dan teks yang dapat terbaca dalam jarak tertentu (visibility), serta kualitas pada huruf dan teks untuk dapat dimengerti dengan jelas (clarity).Kata kunci : Film, Horor, Poster, Tipografi
FILM ANIMASI PERSEPOLIS SEBAGAI MEDIA PENYAMPAIAN GAGASAN PESAN SATRAPI MARJANE
Authors: Rifai Arif
Published: January 2019

Persepolis merupakan film animasi yang bercerita kisah nyata perjalanan hidup seniman Satrapi Marjane dari Iran. Merupakan adaptasi dari 2 seri novel grafis Persepolis. Seri pertama berjudul ”The Story of a Childhood” bercerita masa kecil Marjane berumur 6-14 tahun dan seri kedua berjudul “The Story of A Return” komik seri lanjutannya sendiri berisi tentang pergulatan Marjane dalam pelariannya ke Eropa karena ada beberapa konflik ideologi dalam keluarganya dengan kultur Negara Iran, semasa revolusi Iran yang dipimpin oleh Ahmad Khomeni. Penelitian ini termasuk studi deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisa semiotika, yaitu suatu ilmu atau metode analisis untuk mengkaji tanda. Data dalam penelitian ini didapat melalui pemilihan scene-scene pada film “Persepolis” yang didalamnya terdapat unsur-unsur yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini, yakni “pesan gagasan”. Kemudian dilakukan kajian dengan menggunakan tanda-tanda yang terdapat dalam filmnya, berdasarkan teori semiotika Roland Barthes. Analisis dilakukan melalui dua tahap, yaitu signifikasi tingkat pertama, yaitu makna denotasi yang terkandung dalam scene-scene tersebut dan dilanjutkan dengan signifikasi tingkat kedua yang menguraikan makna konotasinya. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah dalam film Pesepolis dimunculkan pesan pertentangan ideologi. Konstruksi sikap pertentangan ideologi ini terlihat dalam cuplikan adegan dalam tiap scene film itu sendiri ataupun tulisan-tulisan dari pemikiran yang ditampilkan oleh pembuat film yaitu Marjane Satrapi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini tampak dengan sangat jelas film ini mempresentasikan sikap pertentangan ideologi. Sikap “rebellion” yang terkandung dalam film sifatnya lebih sebagai alat untuk mengemukakan pendapat ataupun pemikiran, idealisme seseorang Marjane Satrapi terhadap hukum Islam khususnya, dengan memunculkan perilaku ataupun pandangan dan hukum yang dibawa oleh agama Islam terhadap kelompok lain, untuk menarik simpati dan mempengaruhi setiap individu yang melihat film ciptaannya ini agar pandangan terhadap Islam mendapatkan sebuah citra negatif di mata para penonton atau khalayak umum.
KAJIAN MULTIMODAL TEKS TUBUH PEREMPUAN DALAM FILM DOKUMENTER NONA NYONYA? KARYA LUCKY KUSWANDI
Authors: Pujadiharja Edwin
Published: January 2019

Tulisan ini bertujuan menguraikan “isi” dan “bagaimana” teks film Nona Nyonya? mengenai tubuh perempuan Indonesia disampaikan melalui visualisasi film. Film Nona Nyonya? yang menghadirkan wacana mengenai kesehatan reproduksi versus penilaian moral dalam pemeriksaan papsmear di Indonesia sesungguhnya adalah film dokumenter yang tidak netral: karena tidak dapat terhindarkan dari kemungkinan menggunakan interpretasi kreatif dan ideologi si pembuat film. Melalui metode penelitian analisis wacana dengan pendekatan teori semiotika sosial, tulisan ini memfokuskan diri pada analisis multimodal teks yang terdapat dalam film yang berkaitan dengan representasi tubuh perempuan Indonesia. Hasil tulisan mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pada bagaimana seseorang, kelompok, gagasan dan pendapat tertentu ditampilkan dalam film Nona Nyonya? Kelompok yang marginal (perempuan, aktivis perempuan) cenderung digambarkan memiliki hubungan yang setara dan intim dengan penonton, sementara kelompok yang dominan (dokter, perawat, dan bidan) cenderung digambarkan superior dan tidak dapat menyatakan pendapat.
REPRESENTASI PEREMPUAN MUSLIM KONTEMPORER: IDENTITAS PEREMPUAN MUSLIM PADA IKLAN WARDAH
Authors: CREC Aileena Solicitor
Published: January 2019

Periklanan adalah fenomena bisnis modern. Tidak ada perusahaan yang ingin maju dan memenangkan kompetisi bisnis tanpa mengandalkan iklan. Demikian pentingnya peran iklan dalam bisnis modern sehingga salah satu parameter bonafiditas perusahaan terletak pada berapa dana yang dialokasikan untuk iklan tersebut. Semakin beragamnya iklan yang muncul di televisi, menuntut pihak produsen dan biro iklan untuk memproduksi iklan yang kreatif dan menarik perhatian. Banyak iklan yang dibuat dengan menggunakan simbol perempuan sebagai daya tarik, dimana perempuan senantiasa diidentikkan dengan sisi, kecantikan, kelembutan dan keangguan. Dalam iklan, perempuan yang cantik, selain dikarenakan oleh kecantikan wajahnya, juga diidentikkan dengan kulit yang putih, mulus, serta bentuk tubuh yang lekukannya menunjukkan kemontokkan organ-organ tertentu (terutama dada dan pinggul) yang sempurna, bibir yang sensual, serta deskripsi lainnya, yang secara prinsip terkait dengan semua organ tubuh perempuan, mulai dari ujung rambut sampai ke ujung kaki. Namun bagaimanakah dengan perempuan muslim yang ditampilkan dalam sebuah iklan produk kecantikan? Apakah perempuan ditampilkan seutuhnya dengan kode-kode etik yang islami? Berdasarkan permasalahan diatas, maka penelitian ini difokuskan pada image perempuan muslim dalam sebuah iklan. Perempuan muslim disini adalah yang memakai atribut yang menutup aurat. Objek penelitian yang digunakan adalah Iklan Komestik Wardah. Secara spesifik, penelitian ini menggambarkan tentang bagaimana identitas perempuan muslim sebagai model pembawa pesan, digambarkan dalam sebuah iklan kosmetik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengangkat fakta, keadaan, variabel dan fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi ketika penelitian berlangsung dan menyajikan apa adanya. Dalam penelitian ini akan memberikan penjelasan terhadap tanda-tanda representasi perempuan muslim dalam iklan kosmetik yang menggambarkan identitas perempuan muslim kontemporer.
VISUALISASI KARAKTER KUNTILANAK BERDASARKAN CERITA LEGENDA URBAN MENGENAI TRAGEDI SAKIT HATI PEREMPUAN
Authors: Rizky Achmad Deptian Djenuari , Ekawardhani Yully Ambarsih
Published: January 2019

Salah satu legenda urban yang terkenal di Indonesia adalah cerita mengenai makhluk-makhluk gaib atau hantu. Pada masyarakat tradisional di Indonesia, hantu secara umum lebih diketahui sebagai roh atau arwah yang meninggalkan raga atau badan karena kematian yang tidak dikehendaki. Menilik kondisi ini maka masyarakat Indonesia mengidentifikasi bermacam-macam makhluk halus, dan salah satu yang dikenal luas adalah kuntilanak. Kuntilanak dipercaya sebagai hantu yang asal-usulnya adalah perempuan yang hamil tetapi kemudian meninggal dunia, atau perempuan yang meninggal karena melahirkan tetapi anaknya belum sempat dilahirkan. Materi legenda urban kuntilanak menarik untuk diangkat karena tidak hanya bercerita mengenai tragedi saja, tetapi bagaimana pemikiran masyarakat pengusungnya menjelaskan asal-usul legenda tersebut, perjalanan hidup sebelumnya menjadi dasar logis yang membentuk suatu konsep perwujudan kuntilanak, sifat serta citra perempuan yang dikenal cantik dan anggun berbalik drastis ketika bertemu tragedi dramatis, serta sifat nafsu duniawi yang terbawa kealam kematian. Hal-hal ini yang pada akhirnya  melegalisasi perwujudan sosok seram yang diketahui sebagai kuntilanak. Makalah ini berdasarkan penelitian dalam Tugas Akhir yang mengangkat gagasan untuk membuat media yang berkaitan wujud perupaan,  didasarkan pada penelitian mengenai cerita asal dikaitkan dengan pemahaman tentang keberadaan hantu perempuan, yaitu rasa sakit hati, dendam, dan alam kematian.
ENSIKLOPEDIA DIGITAL INTERAKTIF SONGKET TRADISIONAL PADA WEB BASED HTML5
Authors: Sari Intan Permata , Haswanto Naomi
Published: January 2019

Banyaknya data yang tercipta dan konten yang disebarluaskan dalam Abad Informasi telah secara mendasar mengubah cara kita berkomunikasi, terutama pada generasi digital saat ini. Ensiklopedia digital merupakan sebuah kamus yang menghimpun informasi secara teratur, memberikan penjelasan lebih mendalam, dan dilengkapi dengan Informasi visual. Penelitian ini mengevaluasI web based HTML5 sebagai perangkat digital yang tepat untuk penyampaian informasi songket tradisional pada ensiklopedia digital interaktif. Sehingga dapat mendukung penyampaian informasi yang menarik dan pemahaman informasi yang lebih cepat. Penulis menentukan empat penelitian sebelumnya yang berkaitan dengan songket tradisional ditinjau berdasarkan tujuan, kelebihan, dan keterbatasannya. Diharapkan hasilnya dapat menentukanperangkat digital terbaik sebagai wadah infomasi songket tradisional pada ensiklopedia digital interaktif.
Biomass-Derived Carbonaceous Adsorbents for Trapping Ammonia
Authors: Takaya Chibi A. , Parmar Kiran R. , Fletcher Louise A. , Ross Andrew B.
Published: January 2019

The preparation of low-cost carbonaceous adsorbents for nitrogen recovery is of interest from agricultural and waste management perspectives. In this study, the gaseous ammonia (NH3) and aqueous ammonium (NH4+) sorption capacities have been measured for different types of carbonaceous chars produced under different conditions. The study includes a comparison of an oak-based hydrochar produced from hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) at 250 °C with two biochars produced from slow pyrolysis at 450 °C and 650 °C, respectively. The chars were also chemically modified with H2SO4, H3PO4, H2O2, and KOH to investigate the potential for sorption enhancement. The highest sorption capacities for NH3 were observed for the hydrochars with typical uptake capacities ranging from 18–28 mg g−1 NH3. Sorption capacity for oak biochars is significantly lower and ranges from 4–8 mg g−1 for biochars produced at 450 °C and 650 °C, respectively. Hydrochar showed a substantially higher sorption capacity for NH3 despite its lower surface area. The CaCl2 extractable NH4+ following ammonia adsorption is incomplete. Typically, only 30–40% of the N is released upon washing with CaCl2 in form of NH4+. Post chemical modification of the chars resulted in only limited enhancement of char NH3 and NH4+ sorption. H3PO4 treatment showed the greatest potential for increasing NH3/NH4+ sorption in biochars, while KOH and H2O2 treatment increased NH3 sorption in the hydrochar. As only marginal increases to char surface area were observed following char treatment, these findings suggest that char surface functionality is more influential than surface area in terms of char NH3/NH4+ sorption.
In-Season Major Crop-Type Identification for US Cropland from Landsat Images Using Crop-Rotation Pattern and Progressive Data Classification
Authors: Rahman Md. Shahinoor , Di Liping , Yu Eugene , Zhang Chen , Mohiuddin Hossain
Published: January 2019

Crop type information at the field level is vital for many types of research and applications. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides information on crop types for US cropland as a Cropland Data Layer (CDL). However, CDL is only available at the end of the year after the crop growing season. Therefore, CDL is unable to support in-season research and decision-making regarding crop loss estimation, yield estimation, and grain pricing. The USDA mostly relies on field survey and farmers’ reports for the ground truth to train image classification models, which is one of the major reasons for the delayed release of CDL. This research aims to use trusted pixels as ground truth to train classification models. Trusted pixels are pixels which follow a specific crop rotation pattern. These trusted pixels are used to train image classification models for the classification of in-season Landsat images to identify major crop types. Six different classification algorithms are investigated and tested to select the best algorithm for this study. The Random Forest algorithm stands out among selected algorithms. This study classified Landsat scenes between May and mid-August for Iowa. The overall agreements of classification results with CDL in 2017 are 84%, 94%, and 96% for May, June, and July, respectively. The classification accuracies have been assessed through 683 ground truth data points collected from the fields. The overall accuracies of single date multi-band image classification are 84%, 89% and 92% for May, June, and July, respectively. The result also shows higher accuracy (94–95%) can be achieved through multi-date image classification compared to single date image classification.
Progress in Developing Bacterial Spot Resistance in Tomato
Authors: Sharma Sadikshya , Bhattarai Krishna
Published: January 2019

Bacterial spot (BS), caused by four species of Xanthomonas: X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans and X. gardneri in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) results in severe loss in yield and quality by defoliation and the appearance of lesions on fruits, respectively. The combined industry standard for BS control (foliar applications Actigard® rotated with copper plus mancozeb) does not offer sufficient protection, especially when weather conditions favor disease spread. Development of tomato cultivars with BS resistance is thus an important measure to minimize losses. Hypersensitive and non-hypersensitive resistance has been identified in different wild accessions and cultivated tomato relatives and has been transferred to cultivated tomato. However, complete resistance is yet to be obtained. With the advent of next generation sequencing and precise genome editing tools, the genetic regions that confer resistance to bacterial spot can be targeted and enriched through gene pyramiding in a new commercial cultivar which may confer higher degree of horizontal resistance to multiple strains of Xanthomonas causing bacterial spot in tomato.
Tail Posture as an Indicator of Tail Biting in Undocked Finishing Pigs
Authors: Wallgren Torun , Larsen Anne , Gunnarsson Stefan
Published: January 2019

Tail posture (i.e., hanging or curled) has been suggested to be an indicator of tail biting, and hanging tails predisposed to damage. The aim of this study was to investigate if tail posture was feasible as a tail damage indicator in a commercial setting. The study was carried out on one batch of 459 undocked finishing pigs (30–120 kg in weight). Weekly scoring of tail posture was combined with the scoring of tail lesions. Tail posture was observed at feeding to facilitate the usage of the method in commercial settings. A curly tail was observed in 94% of the observations. Pigs with tails scored with “wound” were 4.15 (p < 0.0001) times more likely to have hanging tails, and pigs scored with “inflamed wounds” were 14.24 (p < 0.0001) times more likely to have hanging tails, compared to pigs with nondamaged tails. Tail posture correctly classified tails with “wound” or “inflamed wound” 67.5% of the time, with 55.2% sensitivity and 79.7% specificity, respectively. The method of observing the tail position at feeding seems useful as a complement to normal inspection for detecting tail biting before tail wounds are visible to the caretaker.
Radioprotective Role of Peroxiredoxin 6
Authors: Sharapov Mars G. , Novoselov Vladimir I. , Gudkov Sergey V.
Published: January 2019

Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a member of an evolutionary ancient family of peroxidase enzymes with diverse functions in the cell. Prdx6 is an important enzymatic antioxidant. It reduces a wide range of peroxide substrates in the cell, thus playing a leading role in the maintenance of the redox homeostasis in mammalian cells. Beside peroxidase activity, Prdx6 has been shown to possess an activity of phospholipase A2, an enzyme playing an important role in membrane phospholipid metabolism. Moreover, Prdx6 takes part in intercellular and intracellular signal transduction due to its peroxidase and phospholipase activity, thus facilitating the initiation of regenerative processes in the cell, suppression of apoptosis, and activation of cell proliferation. Being an effective and important antioxidant enzyme, Prdx6 plays an essential role in neutralizing oxidative stress caused by various factors, including action of ionizing radiation. Endogenous Prdx6 has been shown to possess a significant radioprotective potential in cellular and animal models. Moreover, intravenous infusion of recombinant Prdx6 to animals before irradiation at lethal or sublethal doses has shown its high radioprotective effect. Exogenous Prdx6 effectively alleviates the severeness of radiation lesions, providing normalization of the functional state of radiosensitive organs and tissues, and leads to a significant elevation of the survival rate of animals. Prdx6 can be considered as a potent and promising radioprotective agent for reducing the pathological effect of ionizing radiation on mammalian organisms. The radioprotective properties and mechanisms of radioprotective action of Prdx6 are discussed in the current review.
Cytosolic Isocitrate Dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana Is Regulated by Glutathionylation
Authors: Niazi Adnan Khan , Bariat Laetitia , Riondet Christophe , Carapito Christine , Mhamdi Amna , Noctor Graham , Reichheld Jean-Philippe
Published: January 2019

NADP-dependent (Nicotinamide Adénine Dinucléotide Phosphate-dependent) isocitrate dehydrogenases (NADP-ICDH) are metabolic enzymes involved in 2-oxoglutarate biosynthesis, but they also supply cells with NADPH. Different NADP-ICDH genes are found in Arabidopsis among which a single gene encodes for a cytosolic ICDH (cICDH) isoform. Here, we show that cICDH is susceptible to oxidation and that several cysteine (Cys) residues are prone to S-nitrosylation upon nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) treatment. Moreover, we identified a single S-glutathionylated cysteine Cys363 by mass-spectrometry analyses. Modeling analyses suggest that Cys363 is not located in the close proximity of the cICDH active site. In addition, mutation of Cys363 consistently does not modify the activity of cICDH. However, it does affect the sensitivity of the enzyme to GSNO, indicating that S-glutathionylation of Cys363 is involved in the inhibition of cICDH activity upon GSNO treatments. We also show that glutaredoxin are able to rescue the GSNO-dependent inhibition of cICDH activity, suggesting that they act as a deglutathionylation system in vitro. The glutaredoxin system, conversely to the thioredoxin system, is able to remove S-nitrosothiol adducts from cICDH. Finally, NADP-ICDH activities were decreased both in a catalase2 mutant and in mutants affected in thiol reduction systems, suggesting a role of the thiol reduction systems to protect NADP-ICDH activities in planta. In line with our observations in Arabidopsis, we found that the human recombinant NADP-ICDH activity is also sensitive to oxidation in vitro, suggesting that this redox mechanism might be shared by other ICDH isoforms.
Numerical Study of Mixed Convection in a Channel Filled with a Porous Medium
Authors: Ozgen Filiz , Varol Yasin
Published: January 2019

The heat transfer of mixed convection in a horizontal channel filled with a porous medium has been studied in this article, given that it plays an extensive role in various technical applications, such as flow of fluid in geothermal resources, formations in chemical industries, the storage of radioactive nuclear waste material, and cooling. Those equations written in a dimensionless form have been solved using the finite difference method for different values of the parameters. The results obtained from the study have been presented through streamlines, isotherms, and both local and average Nusselt numbers. It has been observed that parameters such as the Rayleigh and Peclet numbers have an effect on flow and temperature fields.
Magnetic Properties of Nanocomposites
Authors: Barrera Gabriele , Tiberto Paola , Allia Paolo , Bonelli Barbara , Esposito Serena , Marocco Antonello , Pansini Michele , Leterrier Yves
Published: January 2019

The magnetic properties of various families of nanocomposite materials containing nanoparticles of transition metals or transition-metal compounds are reviewed here. The investigated magnetic nanocomposites include materials produced either by dissolving a ferrofluid containing pre-formed nanoparticles of desired composition and size in a fluid resin submitted to subsequent curing treatment, or by generating the nanoparticles during the very synthesis of the embedding matrix. Two typical examples of these production methods are polymer nanocomposites and ceramic nanocomposites. The resulting magnetic properties turn out to be markedly different in these two classes of nanomaterials. The control of nanoparticle size, distribution, and aggregation degree is easier in polymer nanocomposites, where the interparticle interactions can either be minimized or exploited to create magnetic mesostructures characterized by anisotropic magnetic properties; the ensuing applications of polymer nanocomposites as sensors and in devices for Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are highlighted. On the other hand, ceramic nanocomposites obtained from transition-metal loaded zeolite precursors exhibit a remarkably complex magnetic behavior originating from the simultaneous presence of zerovalent transition-metal nanoparticles and transition-metal ions dissolved in the matrix; the applications of these nanocomposites in biomedicine and for pollutant remediation are briefly discussed.
Comparison of Spray Deposition, Control Efficacy on Wheat Aphids and Working Efficiency in the Wheat Field of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Boom Sprayer and Two Conventional Knapsack Sprayers
Authors: Wang Guobin , Lan Yubin , Yuan Huizhu , Qi Haixia , Chen Pengchao , Ouyang Fan , Han Yuxing
Published: January 2019

As a new low volume application technology, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) application is developing quickly in China. The aim of this study was to compare the droplet deposition, control efficacy and working efficiency of a six-rotor UAV with a self-propelled boom sprayer and two conventional knapsack sprayers on the wheat crop. The total deposition of UAV and other sprayers were not statistically significant, but significantly lower for run-off. The deposition uniformity and droplets penetrability of the UAV were poor. The deposition variation coefficient of the UAV was 87.2%, which was higher than the boom sprayer of 31.2%. The deposition on the third top leaf was only 50.0% compared to the boom sprayer. The area of coverage of the UAV was 2.2% under the spray volume of 10 L/ha. The control efficacy on wheat aphids of UAV was 70.9%, which was comparable to other sprayers. The working efficiency of UAV was 4.11 ha/h, which was roughly 1.7–20.0 times higher than the three other sprayers. Comparable control efficacy results suggest that UAV application could be a viable strategy to control pests with higher efficiency. Further improvement on deposition uniformity and penetrability are needed.
Channel and Bit Adaptive Power Control Strategy for Uplink NOMA VLC Systems
Authors: Wang Zhen-Yu , Yu Hong-Yi , Wang Da-Ming
Published: January 2019

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can be an effective solution to the limited bandwidth of light emitting diodes for visible light communication (VLC) systems to support multiuser communication. The current available works for NOMA VLC systems mainly concentrate on downlinks and the existing power allocation algorithms mainly focus on the channel state information and ignore the influence of transmitted signals. In this paper, we propose a channel and bit adaptive power control strategy for uplink NOMA VLC systems by jointly considering the channel state information and the transmission bit rate. Under this adaptive power control strategy, it is proved that the received signal at the photodiode (PD) receiver constitutes a sizeable pulse amplitude modulation constellation and low-complexity maximum likelihood detection is admitted. The simulation results indicate that our proposed adaptive power control strategy outperforms the gain ratio power allocation scheme, fixed power allocation scheme, and time division multiple access scheme.
Optimal Operation of Isolated Microgrids Considering Frequency Constraints
Authors: Vidal-Clos Josep-Andreu , Bullich-Massagué Eduard , Aragüés-Peñalba Mònica , Vinyals-Canal Guillem , Chillón-Antón Cristian , Prieto-Araujo Eduardo , Gomis-Bellmunt Oriol , Galceran-Arellano Samuel
Published: January 2019

Isolated microgrids must be able to perform autonomous operation without external grid support. This leads to a challenge when non-dispatchable generators are installed because power imbalances can produce frequency excursions compromising the system operation. This paper addresses the optimal operation of PV–battery–diesel-based microgrids taking into account the frequency constraints. Particularly, a new stochastic optimization method to maximize the PV generation while ensuring the grid frequency limits is proposed. The optimization problem was formulated including a minimum frequency constraint, which was obtained from a dynamic study considering maximum load and photovoltaic power variations. Once the optimization problem was formulated, three complete days were simulated to verify the proper behavior. Finally, the system was validated in a laboratory-scaled microgrid.
Qualitative and Quantitative Investigation of Multiple Large Eddy Simulation Aspects for Pollutant Dispersion in Street Canyons Using OpenFOAM
Authors: Chatzimichailidis Arsenios E. , Argyropoulos Christos D. , Assael Marc J. , Kakosimos Konstantinos E.
Published: January 2019

Air pollution is probably the single largest environment risk to health and urban streets are the localized, relevant hotspots. Numerous studies reviewed the state-of-the-art models, proposed best-practice guidelines and explored, using various software, how different approaches (e.g., Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS), large eddy simulations (LES)) inter-compare. Open source tools are continuously attracting interest but lack of similar, extensive and comprehensive investigations. At the same time, their configuration varies significantly among the related studies leading to non-reproducible results. Therefore, the typical quasi-2D street canyon geometry was selected to employ the well-known open-source software OpenFOAM and to investigate and validate the main parameters affecting LES transient simulation of a pollutant dispersion. In brief, domain height slightly affected street level concentration but source height had a major impact. All sub-grid scale models predicted the velocity profiles adequately, but the k-equation SGS model best-resolved pollutant dispersion. Finally, an easily reproducible LES configuration is proposed that provided a satisfactory compromise between computational demands and accuracy.
Selection of Appropriate Thermal Indices for Applications in Human Biometeorological Studies
Authors: Staiger Henning , Laschewski Gudrun , Matzarakis Andreas
Published: January 2019

Application of thermal indices has become very popular over the last three decades. It is mostly aimed at urban areas and is also used in weather forecasting, especially for heat health warning systems. Recent studies also show the relevance of thermal indices and their justification for thermal perception. Only twelve out of 165 indices of human thermal perception are classified to be principally suitable for the human biometeorological evaluation of climate for urban and regional planning: this requests that the thermal indices provide an equivalent air temperature of an isothermal reference with minor wind velocity. Furthermore, thermal indices must be traceable to complete human energy budget models consisting of both a controlled passive system (heat transfer between body and environment) and a controlling active system, which provides a positive feedback on temperature deviations from neutral conditions of the body core and skin as it is the case in nature. Seven out of the twelve indices are fully suitable, of which three overlap with the others. Accordingly, the following four indices were selected as appropriate: Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), Perceived Temperature (PTJ), Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET), and rational Standard Effective Temperature (SET*).
Implementation of Aerosol-Cloud Interaction within WRF-CHIMERE Online Coupled Model: Evaluation and Investigation of the Indirect Radiative Effect from Anthropogenic Emission Reduction on the Benelux Union
Authors: Tuccella Paolo , Menut Laurent , Briant Régis , Deroubaix Adrien , Khvorostyanov Dmitry , Mailler Sylvain , Siour Guillaume , Turquety Solène
Published: January 2019

The indirect effects of aerosol are particularly important over regions where meteorological conditions and aerosol content are favourable to cloud formation. This was observed during the Intensive Cloud Aerosol Measurement Campaign (IMPACT) (European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air quality Interaction (EUCAARI) project) in the Benelux Union during May 2008. To better understand this cloud formation variability, the indirect effects of aerosol have been included within the WRF-CHIMERE online model. By comparing model results to the aircraft measurements of IMPACT, to surface measurements from EMEP and AIRBASE and to MODIS satellite measurements, we showed that the model is able to simulate the variability and order of magnitude of the observed number of condensation nuclei (CN), even if some differences are identified for specific aerosol size and location. To quantify the impact of the local anthropogenic emissions on cloud formation, a sensitivity study is performed by halving the surface emissions fluxes. It is shown that the indirect radiative effect (IRE) at the surface is positive for both shortwave and longwave with a net warming of +0.99 W/m2. In addition, important instantaneous changes are modelled at local scale with up to ±6 °C for temperatures and ±50 mm/day for precipitation.
Chemical Characterization of PM2.5 at Rural and Urban Sites around the Metropolitan Area of Huancayo (Central Andes of Peru)
Authors: Huamán De La Cruz Alex , Bendezu Roca Yessica , Suarez-Salas Luis , Pomalaya José , Alvarez Tolentino Daniel , Gioda Adriana
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine PM2.5 mass concentration and the contents of trace elements and water-soluble ions in samples collected inside the Metropolitan area of Huancayo. Four monitoring stations were installed at three urban areas (UNCP, HYO, and CHI) and one rural (IGP). The sampling campaign was carried out from March 2017 to November 2017. The PM2.5 content was determined by gravimetric method, and fifteen trace elements (TE) and seven water-soluble ions were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), and ion chromatography (IC), respectively. Datasets were assessed by one ANOVA test to detect significant differences among monitoring station. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied for source identification. The mean annual concentration of PM2.5 mass concentrations has ranged (average) from 3.4 to 36.8 µg/m3 (16.6 ± 6.8 µg/m3) for the monitoring stations under study. The annual World Health Organization thresholds and national air quality standards were exceeded. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between most trace elements at urban and rural areas. PCA and HCA illustrated that the most important sources of traces element originated of natural origin (soil re-suspension) and vehicular sources (fuel combustion, abrasion of vehicles tires, wear car components).
A Novel Interpretation of the Electromagnetic Fields of Lightning Return Strokes
Authors: Cooray Vernon , Cooray Gerald
Published: January 2019

Electric and/or magnetic fields are generated by stationary charges, uniformly moving charges and accelerating charges. These field components are described in the literature as static fields, velocity fields (or generalized Coulomb field) and radiation fields (or acceleration fields), respectively. In the literature, the electromagnetic fields generated by lightning return strokes are presented using the field components associated with short dipoles, and in this description the one–to-one association of the electromagnetic field terms with the physical process that gives rise to them is lost. In this paper, we have derived expressions for the electromagnetic fields using field equations associated with accelerating (and moving) charges and separated the resulting fields into static, velocity and radiation fields. The results illustrate how the radiation fields emanating from the lightning channel give rise to field terms varying as 1 / r and 1 / r 2 , the velocity fields generating field terms varying as 1 / r 2 , and the static fields generating field components varying as 1 / r 2 and 1 / r 3 . These field components depend explicitly on the speed of propagation of the current pulse. However, the total field does not depend explicitly on the speed of propagation of the current pulse. It is shown that these field components can be combined to generate the field components pertinent to the dipole technique. However, in this conversion process the connection of the field components to the physical processes taking place at the source that generate these fields (i.e., static charges, uniformly moving charges and accelerating charges) is lost.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Atoms in 2018
Authors:   Atoms Editorial Office
Published: January 2019

Rigorous peer-review is the corner-stone of high-quality academic publishing [...]
Monitoring the State of Charge of the Positive Electrolyte in a Vanadium Redox-Flow Battery with a Novel Amperometric Sensor
Authors: Kroner Isabelle , Becker Maik , Turek Thomas
Published: January 2019

Vanadium redox-flow batteries are a promising energy storage technology due to their safety, long-term stability, and independent adjustability of power and capacity. However, the vanadium crossover through the membrane causes a self-discharge, which results in a capacity shift towards one half cell. This leads to a gradual decrease in its efficiency over time. Capacity balancing methods for compensation of this effect require a reliable online state of charge (SoC) monitoring. Most common methods cannot provide exact values of the individual concentration of each species in both electrolytes. In particular, the state of the positive electrolyte cannot yet be precisely determined. In this work, an amperometric SoC monitoring is proposed as a new approach. First, the suitability of the principle is investigated with a rotating disc electrode (RDE). Then, a sensor based on a gas diffusion layer (GDL) is developed and tested in the positive electrolyte. The dependencies between oxidative current and V(IV)-concentration are examined as well as those between reduction current and V(V)-concentration. Using both relationships, a reliable measurement of all relevant concentrations is possible.
Investigations on a Mesoporous Glass Membrane as Ion Separator for a Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Michos Ioannis , Cao Zishu , Xu Zhi , Jing Wenheng , Dong Junhang
Published: January 2019

This article reports extensive studies of a Vycor® porous glass (VPG) membrane as an ion separator for an all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The VPG membrane had an average pore size of 4 nm and porosity of ~28%. The VPG ion separator exhibited higher proton diffusivity but lower conductivity than the Nafion® 117 membrane because the former is intrinsically nonionic. The VRFB equipped with the VPG ion separator (VPG-VRFB) exhibited much better stability during long-term cyclic operation than the VRFB equipped with the Nafion-117 membrane (Nafion-VRFB) because the ionic Nafion membrane could be contaminated by vanadium ions exchanged into the water channels. This increases its area specific resistance, while the VPG does not have ion exchange capacity and hence has less vanadium ion contamination. The VPG-VRFB was found to outperform the Nafion-VRFB in energy efficiency (EE) during long-term cyclic operation although the former underperformed the latter in the initial period of continued operation. The VPG ion separator also showed markedly better thermal stability and temperature tolerance than the Nafion membrane as indicated by the significantly smaller losses of EE and discharge capacity for the VPG-VRFB than for the Nafion-VRFB after operating at 45 °C. The outstanding temperature tolerance of the VPG ion separator is due primarily to its rigid and non-swelling pore structure and nonionic nature, which are highly resistant to thermal distortion and vanadium ion contamination. The excellent temperature tolerance of the VPG may be useful for applications where temperature control is difficult.
Migration of Bisphenol A from Can Coatings into Beverages at the End of Shelf Life Compared to Regulated Test Conditions
Authors: Stärker Carina , Welle Frank
Published: January 2019

Beverage cans are used for energy drinks, soft-drinks, sparkling waters, and beer. Bisphenol A is still part of the formulation of epoxy coatings of beverage cans. Due to concerns that bisphenol A acts as an endocrine-active substance, the migration of bisphenol A is restricted. Typically, the migration from beverage cans is tested at elevated temperatures into food simulants, like 20% ethanol in water. However, comparison tests of the migration of bisphenol A at the end of shelf life, with the migration into ethanolic food simulants, are not available in the scientific literature. The aim of the study was to determine the migration of the migration of bisphenol A into real beverages, compared to routine migration tests into the European official food simulant of 20% ethanol at 40 °C and 60 °C after storage for 10 days. As a result, bisphenol A-containing coatings show a considerably higher migration when tested at 60 °C in comparison to 40 °C. On the other hand, migration into energy drinks and coke, from the same coatings at the end of shelf life when stored at room temperature, was below the detection limit in either case. As expected, migration values of bisphenol A below the analytical detection limits were observed for any test conditions from the coating labeled bisphenol A-free. Spiking tests show that bisphenol A is stable in real beverages. Therefore, it can be concluded that the accelerated migration tests with 20% ethanol at the test conditions 10 d at 40 °C and 10 d at 60 °C significantly overestimate the real migration into beverages at the end of shelf life. This overestimation of the migration of bisphenol A is due to swelling of the epoxy can coating by the ethanolic food simulant. These findings were supported by migration modeling based on diffusion coefficients predicted for polyethylene terephthalate.