bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El test de intereses profesionales. Un instrumento de diagnóstico breve y estandarizado para su uso en Orientación Educativa y profesional
Authors: Athanasou James A
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEn este artículo se describe el Career Interest Test (Test de Intereses Profesionales, Versión 3.0), que evalúa 7 categorías de intereses vocacionales: Exterior, Práctico, Científico, Creativo, Negocios, Administrativo y Contacto con Gente. Está compuesto por 63 items de elección obligatoria, y puede administrarse de forma individual o grupal. Su finalidad es la de proporcionar un instrumento práctico que sirva de guía para la planificación de la carrera de adolescentes, complementándose con otros instrumentos y técnicas de orientación educativa y profesional. El Career Interest Test está disponible de forma gratuita para su uso profesional (para aplicaciones a pequeña escala), y también se puede acceder al mismo a través de las siguientes direcciones: www.myfuture.edu.au, www.qualifax.ie o www.smartfutire.edu.au (en inglés, también ha sido traducido para el Medio Oriente y Asia del Sur). La elaboración de este instrumento de diagnóstico formaba parte de un proyecto de investigación longitudinal (Athanasou, 1986, 1990, 2003), que ha culminado con su publicación en el dominio público, además de los resultados obtenidos con la muestra participante.ABSTRACTThis article describes the Career Interest Test (Version 3.0), which is a 63-item forced choice, individually- or group-administered assessment of seven vocational interest categories: Outdoor, Practical, Scientific, Creative, Business, Office and People Contact interests It is designed for use in educational and vocational contexts as a practical guide to adolescent career planning. The Career Interest Test is now made freely available for professional use and is also available for free on-line use th- rough www.myfuture.edu.au or www.qualifax ie or www.smartfutire.edu.au The Career Interest Test offers psychologists and career counsellors information at low cost and with brief testing time. Results can be used to provide reassurance about choices, to narrow the range of options or to stimulate career exploration by indicating the types of work that individuals may want to explore It is based on the premise that vocational interests (ie, activity preferences) may be inferred from consistent pat- terns of likes and dislikes. Technical data on the validity and reliability of the responses are provided.
Tendencias de la Educación Superior europea e implicaciones para la orientación universitaria
Authors: Vieira Maria J , Vidal Javier
Published: July 2020

RESUMENLa Educación Superior se encuentra en un momento de profundos cambios al asumir los retos que implican la sociedad del conocimiento, la globalización, la revolución tecnológica, la diversidad de losestudiantes, el aprendizaje permanente, la rendición de cuentas, entre otros. Especialmente en Europa,estos cambios están liderados por el proceso de construcción del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) en el que se otorga un papel preponderante al aprendizaje de los alumnos. Por tanto, el EEES supone una ocasión excelente para reflexionar sobre el modelo de universidad que queremos construir. Aprovechando esta excelente ocasión, en este estudio se realiza (1) una revisión de la literatura sobrela situación de la orientación universitaria, (2) una descripción de las tendencias actuales de la Educación Superior y, por último, (3) un análisis de las ventajas e inconvenientes que la actual situación de la Educación Superior suponen para el desarrollo de la orientación universitaria.ABSTRACTHigher Education (HE) confronts an era of increasing change characterised by globalisation, knowledge-based economy, technological revolution, lifelong learning, greater pressures towards accountability, a much more diverse student population, amongst others. Mainly in Europe, the process towards the construction of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), in which the student learnin experience is a central issue, is undertaking these changes. In this context, the EHEA is an excellent occasion for rethinking the university. Considering this situation, this article will (1) review recent literature related to student support and career guidance, (2) describe and discuss the current trends of HE and, (3) analyse the advantages and disadvantages in the relationship and articulation between the current situation of HE and the development of student support and guidance at Higher Education Institutions.
El portafolio etnográfico: una herramienta facilitadora del aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida
Authors: Arraiz Pérez Ana , Sabirón Sierra Fernando
Published: July 2020

RESUMENConsecuencia de un ensayo en innovación educativa, contrastado en la propia experiencia docente, presentamos nuestra concepción del portafolio etnográfico. Se trata de una herramienta que ayuda en el proceso personal de formación continuada para el ejercicio de la ciudadanía, como una forma de superar el dilema existencial entre los intereses sistémicos y el desarrollo autodeterminado de los individuos. Se analiza desde su alto potencial mediador para comprometer un aprendizaje constructivista, en términos de evaluación de logros y reorientación de proyectos. Genera dossieres significativos con y para los Otros, con la entrevista como elemento clave.ABSTRACTAs a consequence of an essay in educational innovation, fried out in our own educational experience, we outline our conceptualization of ethnographic–portfolio. It is a the process of personal tool which helps in the process of personal development to exert citizenship, as a way to over come the existential dilemma between systemic interests and the person’s self–determined development. Its high mediating potential is discussed to engage in a constructivist learning process, in terms of an achievement evaluation and a revision of projects. It generates significant dossiers with and for the Others. The interview is the essential component.
Perfil psicológico-afectivo de una muestra de niños de la calle de Ceuta
Authors: Cepero Espinosa Sergio , Herrera Clavero Francisco
Published: July 2020

RESUMENSe pretende conocer el perfil afectivo de una muestra de niños de la calle, superando la limitación conceptual reducida al ámbito social. Se seleccionó una muestra de 53 menores que cumplían alguno de los siguientes requisitos: a) haber vivido en las calles; b) continuar haciéndolo intermitentemente; c) haber abandonado temporalmente del hogar. El instrumento utilizado ha sido un cuestionario de construcción propia, de 124 ítems. Los resultados confirman la existencia de dos “perfiles”. El primero, se adapta positivamente a los centros de menores y realiza conductas pro-sociales. El segundo, obtiene peores puntuaciones en todos los factores, siendo los más inadaptados.ABSTRACTThis research seeks to identify the affective profile of a sample of street children, extending their conceptual limitation beyond the social scope. A sample of 53 children was chosen according to the following criteria: a) to have lived on the street; b) to continue doing so, c) to have runned away from home.The instrument was a questionnaire of own construction, of 124 items. The results show a first profile of children, adapted to the centres of minors and accomplishing pro-social conducts, and a second profile with worst scores in all the studied factors, being the most vulnerable and in need of for intervention.
Satisfacción con la profesión de profesor de Enseñanza Secundaria en Portugal
Authors: María Figeiredo María , Álvarez Rojo Víctor
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEste es un estudio mediante encuesta, de carácter exploratorio-descriptivo, cuya finalidad es delimitar un perfil transversal a la profesión de profesor de Enseñanza Secundaria que defina la satisfacción con la práctica diaria de la docencia. Hemos tenido en cuenta una muestra de 524 profesores de Enseñanza Secundaria en Portugal Continental, a los que se les aplicaron entre diciembre del 2006 y julio de 2007 tres instrumentos de medida: (1) una encuesta de información sociodemográfica, (2) una encuesta de fuentes de bienestar y de satisfacción con la profesión de docente y (3) una escala numérica de perfil de satisfacción de los profesores con su profesión. Los datos obtenidos revelan niveles muy significativos de insatisfacción en este grupo de profesionales de la enseñanza.ABSTRACTThis work tries to describe the different dimensions of job satisfaction among secondary education teachers in Continental Portugal. A survey research has been conducted from December 2006 to July 2007 among 524 teachers of several administrative districts (Setúbal, Aveiro, Viseu, Coimbra e Leiria). Data collection was done applying the following set of techniques: 2 questionaire-bassed surveys - a socio-demographic one and another on job-satisfacción perceptions; and a numerical scale in order to define a job satisfaction profile. Among most significant findings of the present research stands the wide level of disatisfaction with the teaching profession as a central perception of this group of teachers.
La Personalidad como predictora de dificultades cotidianas en la adolescencia
Authors: Molina Martín Susana , Inda Caro Mercedes , Fernández García Carmen María
Published: July 2020

RESUMEN Los objetivos de este trabajo han sido: estudiar la adecuación de los datos al modelo de cinco factores e identificar rasgos de personalidad en adolescentes que manifiestan tener diversas problemáticas. Para ello se utilizaron dos instrumentos de evaluación, el Cuestionario de Personalidad para Adolescentes (16PF-APQ) y el Cuestionario Autoaplicado de Síntomas (CAS), que se administraron a ciento ocho estudiantes de último curso de educación obligatoria. Los resultados señalan que la muestra se adecua al modelo de cinco factores y que hay rasgos de personalidad que parecen explicar mejor o predecir la presencia de ciertas problemáticas en la adolescencia. ABSTRACT The aim of this research is twofold. Firstly, it studies the adjustment of the data with the five-factor model. Secondly, it intends to describe and identify personality traits in adolescents who have manifested different problems in their daily life. For this purpose, two evaluation instruments were used: the Adolescent Personality Questionnaire (16PF-APQ) and the Adolescents Self-report of Symptoms (C.A.S.). This last one is based on Rogers, Bagby and Dickens’ instrument, Structured Interview Re- ported Symptoms (1990, 1991, 1992). These tests were administered to a sample of a hundred and eight students who were in their last year of compulsory secondary education. The results of the study suggest that the sample fits with the five factor model and that there are some personality traits that seem to explain the existence of life’s difficulties (questions concerning matters of anger or aggression, discouragement, worry, poor body image, alcohol or drugs, overall trouble, familiar context, scholar context and strategies coping). All the already mentioned results allow us to formulate certain indications or suggestions which would need to be taken into account in future research.
Gestión y desarrollo de planes de acción tutorial en la universidad. Estudios de casos
Authors: Venegas - Ramos Luis , Gairín Sallán Joaquín
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEl objetivo del estudio es analizar experiencias consolidadas de Planes de Acción Tutorial (PAT) con el fin generar referencias para la construcción y mejora de modelos de intervención sobre tutoría universitaria.La investigación parte del análisis de 16 planes tutoriales de 14 universidades y se profundiza en un estudio de casos múltiples de seis universidades españolas, específicamente de las Comunidades Autónomas de Cataluña, Valencia, Aragón y País Vasco, donde  se desarrollaron entrevistas convergentes en profundidad.  Los datos fueron procesados mediante la herramienta informática Max QDA, que permitió generar 418 unidades de significado, divididas en 8 categorías de análisis que se asocian al desarrollo y gestión de los PAT.Los resultados indican que la cultura universitaria, el rol de las autoridades y los modelos de orientación educativa y de estructura organizativa que adoptan las instituciones analizadas para dar soporte al proceso de acción tutorial, ayudan o interfieren en el desarrollo e impacto de los PAT, lo que evidencia la necesidad de repensar la forma como se gestiona la tutoría universitaria en la enseñanza superior. También evidencia la existencia de sistemas de funcionamiento piramidales y colaborativos, y una combinación de los modelos clínico, de programas y de servicios que aparecen con más fuerza en función del tipo de articulación que se considera en el PAT.ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to analyze successful Tutorial Action Plans (TAP) from different institutions, and to generate a reference framework for the creation of a management model for university tutoring.The research was based on case studies from six universities in northeastern Spain, specifically from the Autonomous Communities of Catalonia, Valencia, Aragon and Basque Country, where in-depth interviews were conducted. A qualitative approach was used and the obtained data was processed using the text analysis software Max QDA. This analysis yielded 418 units of meaning, divided into 8 different categories of analyses that were associated with development and management of TAPs.The results from the generated reference framework showed that, the development and impact of TAPs in the analyzed institutions is either positively or negatively affected by: their culture, the role of their authorities, the educational counseling models and the organizational structure that they adopt to support the process of tutorial action. These findings suggest the need of a re-evaluation of the management methods used on university tutoring. The evidence also indicates the existence of pyramidal and collaborative functioning systems, and a combination of clinical models, programs and services that appear more strongly depending on the type of articulation considered in the TAP.
Práticas sexuais e o comportamento de jovens universitários frente à prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis.
Authors: Spindola Thelma , De Barro de Araujo Agatha Soares , De Jesus Brochado Erica , Fernanda Sousa Marinho Débora , Rose Costa Martins Elizabeth , Da Silva Pereira Thaissa
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Analizar las prácticas sexuales y el comportamiento de jóvenes universitarios frente a las Infecciones Sexualmente Transmisibles. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal, en abordaje cuantitativo realizado en una universidad privada en Río de Janeiro. Participaron 768 estudiantes, con edades entre 18 y 29 años, regularmente matriculados. Resultados: Los universitarios son solteros (58,72%), heterosexuales (85,80%) y sexualmente activos (85,16%); iniciaron actividades sexuales en el grupo de edad de 12-17 años (76,9%); el 77,83% relató tener una alianza fija y de esos 54,62% no utilizan preservativo; 50,31% informaron una multiplicidad de asociaciones sexuales, y el 62,84% no usa el preservativo en todas las relaciones sexuales. Los estudiantes informaron consumir alcohol (66,41%), siendo uso esporádico (50,39%), sin embargo, añaden que no tomaron antes de la última relación sexual (69,42%). En cuanto a los cuidados con la salud, el 57,81% buscó atención en los últimos 12 meses, siendo informada por 4,82% jóvenes la ocurrencia de infecciones sexualmente transmisibles. Conclusión: La asunción del comportamiento de riesgo por los jóvenes los hace vulnerables a las IST. Las acciones de educación en salud y estímulo para el autocuidado del grupo son relevantes para reducir perjuicios a la salud sexual de ese contingente poblacional.

Objective: To analyze the sexual practices and the behavior of university students regarding Sexually Transmitted Infections. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted at a private university in Rio de Janeiro. A total of 768 students, aged 18 to 29 years, and regularly enrolled in the institution participated in the study. Results: University students were mostly single (58.72%), heterosexual (85.80%), sexually active (85.16%), had initiated sexual life in the age group of 12-17 years (76.9%), reported having a steady partnership (77.83%), did not use condoms (54.62%), reported multiplicity of sexual partners (50.31%), and did not use condoms in all sexual intercourses (62.84%). The students reported using alcohol (66.41%), although sporadically (50.39%), but they had not used before the last sexual intercourse (69.42%). Regarding health care, 57.81% sought care in the last 12 months, and the occurrence of sexually transmitted infections was reported by 4.82% of them. Conclusion: The adoption of risky behaviors by young people makes them vulnerable to STIs. Health education actions and encouragement of self-care are relevant to reduce the sexual health problems of this population contingent
Síndrome de burnout en el Sistema de Salud: el caso de las trabajadoras sociales sanitarias
Authors: González-Rodríguez Rubén , López-Castedo Antonio , Pastor-Seller Enrique , Verde-Diego Carmen
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: El objetivo general de esta investigación es medir la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en el colectivo profesional de trabajadoras sociales sanitarias que ejercen su actividad laboral en los diferentes servicios y centros del Servicio Público de Salud de Galicia (España).Método: Se ha planteado un diseño de enfoque cuantitativo-analítico y transversal, utilizando como instrumento principal el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory, versión Human Services Suvey. Dicho cuestionario mide tres dimensiones relacionadas con el burnout: Agotamiento emocional, Despersonalización y Realización personal. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de una aplicación de encuestas entre las trabajadoras sociales colegiadas en el Colegio Oficial de Trabajo Social de Galicia.Resultados: El 86,2% de la población objeto de estudio son mujeres y un 13,8% hombres, y sus edades están comprendidas entre los 23 y los 63 años. Los datos de prevalencia del estudio arrojan unos resultados elevados, especialmente en la dimensión de Agotamiento Emocional donde más de la mitad de la población objeto de estudio presenta una puntuación considerada alta.Conclusión: Al igual que otros colectivos profesionales que ejercen su actividad laboral en el sistema de salud, como es el caso de Enfermería y Medicina, las trabajadoras sociales sanitarias presentan índices elevados de burnout, siendo el Agotamiento Emocional la dimensión más afectada.

Objective: The general goal of this research is to measure the prevalence of the burnout syndrome in the professional group of social health workers who perform their work in the diverse services and centers of the Public Health Service of Galicia (Spain).Method: A quantitative-analytical and cross-sectional design was proposed, using as the main instrument the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Human Services Survey version. This inventory measures three dimensions related to burnout: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Fulfillment. Data collection was carried out through a survey among the social workers registered in the Official Association of Social Work of Galicia.Results: 86.2% of the population under study are women and 13.8% are men; their ages range between 23 and 63 years. The study prevalence data yields high scores, especially in the Emotional Exhaustion dimension, where more than half of the population under study obtained a high score.Conclusion: Like other professional groups that perform their work in the health system, as is the case of Nursing and Medicine, social health workers present high rates of burnout, with Emotional Exhaustion being the most affected dimension.
Depressão e ideação suicida na adolescência: implementação e avaliação de um programa de intervenção
Authors: Amaral Ana Paula , Uchoa Sampaio Josiane , Ney Matos Fátima Regina , Pocinho Margarida Tenente Santos , Fernandes de Mesquita Rafael , Sousa Laelson Rochelle Milanês
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Desarrollar, implementar y evaluar un programa de prevención del suicidio dirigido a adolescentes.Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cuasi experimental, del tipo antes y después, con adolescentes de una institución educativa en São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. El estudio siguió las etapas de desarrollo, implementación y evaluación de un programa de intervención para la prevención del suicidio. Se administraron tres instrumentos de evaluación antes y después de la intervención: la escala de ideación suicida de Beck; el Inventario de Depresión de Beck y la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck.Resultados: Antes de la intervención, participaron 102 adolescentes, 30 (29.4%) tenían ideación suicida y síntomas depresivos. Después de la intervención, los instrumentos se aplicaron a los 30 adolescentes seleccionados, 12 (40.0%) continuaron con la ideación. Antes de la intervención, el Inventario de depresión promedio fue de 23.83 y luego de 7.17 (p <0.0001). En cuanto a la desesperanza, el promedio obtenido antes fue 7.23 y luego 2.17 (p <0.0001); Con respecto a la ideación suicida, el promedio obtenido antes fue de 10.50 y luego de 2.57 (p <0.0001).Conclusión: Hubo una disminución en los síntomas depresivos, la desesperanza y la ideación suicida después de la implementación del elaborado programa de intervención.

Objective: To develop, implement and evaluate a suicide prevention program aimed at adolescents.Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental study, before and after, with adolescents from an educational institution in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. The study followed the stages of development, implementation and evaluation of a suicide prevention intervention program. Three assessment instruments were administered before and after the intervention: Beck's Suicidal Ideation Scale; Beck's Depression Inventory and Beck's Hopelessness Scale. Results: Before the intervention, 102 adolescents participated, 30 (29.4%) had suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms. After the intervention the instruments were applied to the 30 selected adolescents, 12 (40.0%) continued with ideation. Prior to intervention, the average Depression Inventory was 23.83 and then 7.17 (p <0.0001). As for hopelessness, the average obtained before was 7.23 and then 2.17 (p <0.0001); Regarding suicidal ideation, the average obtained before was 10.50 and then 2.57 (p <0.0001). Conclusion: There was a decrease in depressive symptoms, hopelessness and suicidal ideation after the implementation of the elaborated intervention program.
Estimated Abundances of Cetacean Species in the Northeast Atlantic from Two Multiyear Surveys Conducted by Norwegian Vessels between 2002–2013
Authors: Leonard Deanna , Øien Nils
Published: July 2020

Two shipboard line-transect surveys of the Northeast Atlantic were conducted between 2002–2007 and 2008–2013 to meet the ongoing requirements of the Revised Management Procedure (RMP) for common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata acutorostrata) developed by the International Whaling Commission’s Scientific Committee. Here we present estimated abundances for non-target species for which there were sufficient sightings, including fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), killer whales (Orcinus orca), harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), and dolphins of genus Lagenorhynchus. The 2 surveys were conducted using a multiyear mosaic survey design with 2 independent observer platforms operating in passing mode, each with 2 observers. The abundances of Lagenorhynchus spp. from the 2002–2007 survey were estimated using single-platform standard distance sampling methods because of uncertainty in identifying duplicate sightings. All other estimates were derived using mark-recapture distance sampling techniques applied to a combined-platform dataset of observations, correcting for perception bias. Most notably, we find that the abundance of humpback whales, similar in both survey periods, has doubled since the 1990s with the most striking changes occurring in the Barents Sea. We also show that the pattern in distribution and abundance of fin whales and sperm whales is consistent with our earlier surveys, and that abundances of small odontocete species, which were not estimated in earlier surveys, show stable distributions with some variation in their estimates. Our estimates do not account for distributional shifts between years or correct for biases due to availability or responsive movement.
Indicadores bibliométricos de colaboração científica na área de enfermagem do trabalho - Bibliometric indicators of scientific collaboration in the field of occupational nursing
Authors: Silva Viviane Reis Fontes da , Mayworm Priscila Bastos
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: específicos: determinar a posição da colaboração científica da produção da enfermagem do trabalho do Brasil no cenário da América latina e; mapear a colaboração e a produção científica na área de enfermagem do trabalho na perspectiva da qualidade total. Método: bibliométrico/cientométrico da produção científica na área de enfermagem do trabalho. A obtenção dos dados bibliométricos ocorreu no mês de fevereiro de 2014, sendo a fonte a rede mundial de computadores a partir do portal de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Capes. Resultados: A obtenção dos dados bibliométricos ocorreu no mês de fevereiro de 2014, sendo a fonte a rede mundial de computadores, a partir do portal de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Capes, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq e as bases de dados SCOPUS e SCIMAGO. Os termos utilizados como descritores para busca online, inicialmente, foram os acima já descritos, obedecendo uma ordem hierárquica a partir do descritor “enfermagem”. Conclusão: O Brasil mostra um baixo desempenho quando a busca ocorre com o descritor “enfermagem do trabalho e qualidade total”. Com este descritor a enfermagem brasileira deixa o top ten. Isso mostra que a referente qualidade total na perspectiva da enfermagem do trabalho ainda precisa ser melhor e mais abordada/pesquisada nas instituições de ensino e pesquisa, principalmente, nos cursos de pós-graduação – mestrado e doutorado.
Advanced Electrocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability via Water and Nitrogen Reactions
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Huanhuan , Priest Cameron , Li Siwei , Xu Ping , Wu Gang
Published: July 2020

Clean and efficient energy storage and conversion via sustainable water and nitrogen reactions have attracted substantial attention to address the energy and environmental issues due to the overwhelming use of fossil fuels. These electrochemical reactions are crucial for desirable clean energy technologies, including advanced water electrolyzers, hydrogen fuel cells, and ammonia electrosynthesis and utilization. Their sluggish reaction kinetics lead to inefficient energy conversion. Innovative electrocatalysis, i.e., catalysis at the interface between the electrode and electrolyte to facilitate charge transfer and mass transport, plays a vital role in boosting energy conversion efficiency and providing sufficient performance and durability for these energy technologies. Herein, a comprehensive review on recent progress, achievements, and remaining challenges for these electrocatalysis processes related to water (i.e., oxygen evolution reaction, OER, and oxygen reduction reaction, ORR) and nitrogen (i.e., nitrogen reduction reaction, NRR, for ammonia synthesis and ammonia oxidation reaction, AOR, for energy utilization) is provided. Catalysts, electrolytes, and interfaces between the two within electrodes for these electrocatalysis processes are discussed. The primary emphasis is device performance of OER‐related proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, ORR‐related PEM fuel cells, NRR‐driven ammonia electrosynthesis from water and nitrogen, and AOR‐related direct ammonia fuel cells.
The 2019 Impact Factor of Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis: 5.851
Authors: Richmond Joe P.
Published: July 2020

No Abstract

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Capture rate of congenital heart defects in the Pediatric Health Information System database
Authors: Fink Christina M. , Cua Clifford L. , Nandi Deipanjan , Hart Stephen A.
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are common and are a frequent subject of research using large administrative databases such as the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. The capture rate of CHD within PHIS, however, has not been described.

Methods

The PHIS database includes inpatient encounters from over 52 tertiary care pediatric hospitals across the United States. We identified all patients less than 1 year of age with a cardiac defect in PHIS from 2010 to 2014 and compared these results with national prevalence estimates based on the National Birth Defects Prevention Network annual report, which served as the gold standard.

Results

The capture rate of CHD in PHIS ranged from 30 to 95% depending on the spectrum of severity and heterogeneity of the cardiac defect. The capture rate was higher for critical CHD (CCHD) at 66%, and all lesions with 70% or greater capture rate (interrupted aortic arch, truncus arteriosus, single ventricle, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, double outlet right ventricle, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome) fell within the CCHD category.

Conclusions

Just over half of the predicted CHD patients were identified using the PHIS database. Although there is a high capture rate for CHD that require early hospitalization, there is a low capture rate for defects with a wider spectrum of disease presentation. These attributes of the PHIS database should be used to frame previous and future research using PHIS to study CHD.
Never let a crisis go to waste: Repurposing independent research projects to enhance students' critical thinking skills
Authors: Athamneh Khawlah , Ashraf Syed Salman
Published: July 2020

The recent lockdown of laboratories in the COVID‐19 era has negatively impacted many lab‐based courses for undergraduate students; however, research project classes have been hardest hit. Unlike the lab‐based lecture courses, where many of the lab instructors have resorted to virtual experiments and videos to substitute for actual lab experiments, senior year independent research courses, which are supposed to involve real lab‐based research, are struggling to find an appropriate solution. A possible solution to cases where the coronavirus pandemic lockdown has led to no or little student‐generated lab data are to shift the focus of these research project courses such that they are taught as mentor‐guided critical thinking exercises, using the primary literature. As an example, the lack of complete understanding for the molecular basis of protein thermostability can be used to promote such higher‐level thinking skills.
Build your professional network to benefit your work
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: July 2020

Vance Rice, Chief of Police of Mississippi State University, has always worked in campus law enforcement, but his relationship to higher education changed when he wanted to make the leap from being an officer to being hired somewhere as a police chief. “When I started at [the University of] Arkansas [Police Department], I didn't have any college credits whatsoever,” Rice said.
De novo recurrent spontaneous coronary artery dissection in nonatherosclerotic elderly woman: A case report
Authors: Kozuki Jun , Tsuda Shigeyasu
Published: July 2020

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare disease which causes acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this case, we show the recurrence of SCAD and pathological findings of an intimal tear that lead to SCAD of the proximal left anterior descending branch which could contribute to the onset of AMI.
Seatbelt‐induced extrathoracic lung herniation
Authors: Kitridis Dimitrios , Karaiskos Theodoros , Chalidis Byron , Galanis Nikiforos , Givissis Panagiotis
Published: July 2020

Traumatic lung herniation is an uncommon complication of blunt chest trauma due to seatbelt injury. High index of suspicion, adherence to ATLS guidelines, and cooperation between different surgical specialties for the prompt stabilization of flail chest and primary or prosthetic closure of the defect may ensure a favorable outcome.
Genetic population structure of endangered ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) from nine sites in southern Madagascar
Authors: Chandrashekar Aparna , Knierim Jessica A. , Khan Sohail , Raboin Dominique L. , Venkatesh Sateesh , Clarke Tara A. , Cuozzo Frank P. , LaFleur Marni , Lawler Richard R. , Parga Joyce A. , Rasamimanana Hantanirina R. , Reuter Kim E. , Sauther Michelle L. , Baden Andrea L.
Published: July 2020

Madagascar's ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) are experiencing rapid population declines due to ongoing habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as increasing exploitation for bushmeat and the illegal pet trade. Despite being the focus of extensive and ongoing behavioral studies, there is comparatively little known about the genetic population structuring of the species. Here, we present the most comprehensive population genetic analysis of ring‐tailed lemurs to date from across their likely remaining geographic range. We assessed levels of genetic diversity and population genetic structure using multilocus genotypes for 106 adult individuals from nine geographically representative localities. Population structure and FST analyses revealed moderate genetic differentiation with localities being geographically partitioned into northern, southern, western and also potentially central clusters. Overall genetic diversity, in terms of allelic richness and observed heterozygosity, was high in the species (AR = 4.74, HO = 0.811). In fact, it is the highest among all published lemur estimates to date. While these results are encouraging, ring‐tailed lemurs are currently affected by ongoing habitat fragmentation and occur at lower densities in poorer quality habitats. The effects of continued isolation and fragmentation, coupled with climate‐driven environmental instability, will therefore likely impede the long‐term viability of the species.
Clinical characteristics and natural history of wild‐type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in Japan
Authors: Yamada Toshihiro , Takashio Seiji , Arima Yuichiro , Nishi Masato , Morioka Mami , Hirakawa Kyoko , Hanatani Shinsuke , Fujisue Koichiro , Yamanaga Kenshi , Kanazawa Hisanori , Sueta Daisuke , Araki Satoshi , Usuku Hiroki , Nakamura Taishi , Suzuki Satoru , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Ueda Mitsuharu , Kaikita Koichi , Tsujita Kenichi
Published: July 2020

Aims

The focus on wild‐type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTRwt‐CM) is increasing because of novel treatment options. There is currently no report on a large number of Japanese patients with ATTRwt‐CM. The study aimed to examine the characteristics and prognosis of ATTRwt‐CM in Japan.

Methods and results

Consecutive patients (78.5 ± 6.4 years old at diagnosis) with ATTRwt‐CM diagnosed at Kumamoto University Hospital between December 2002 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Data, including demographic characteristics, co‐morbidities, clinical manifestations at diagnosis, laboratory results, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data, imaging and pathological findings, and treatment were obtained. Of 129 patients included in this study, 110 patients (85%) were male. The median period from initial symptom onset to diagnosis was 15.5 (2–75) months. Heart failure was the most common clinical manifestation leading to diagnosis (61%) and initial manifestations (49%). Of 106 patients, carpal tunnel syndrome was observed in 57 patients (54%), and the median period from initial symptom onset to diagnosis was 96 (48–120) months. Histopathological confirmation of transthyretin amyloid was achieved in 94 patients (73%), including 66 (51%) and 28 cases (22%) with endomyocardial and extracardiac biopsies. During the observation period (median 15.0 [inter‐quartile range, 5.4–33.2] months after diagnosis), 34 patients (26%) died. Of these, 27 patients (79%) had cardiovascular deaths (heart failure, 25; sudden death, two). The median survival duration was 58.9 months and the 5 years' survival rate was 48%. According to a multivariate Cox hazard analysis, age [hazard ratio (HR), 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.23, P = 0.002] and low serum sodium levels (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79–0.996; P = 0.04) contributed to all‐cause mortality, and low serum sodium levels contributed to hospitalization for heart failure (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77–0.96; P = 0.005).

Conclusions

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of ATTRwt‐CM patients in Japan were examined. Carpal tunnel syndrome can be considered an indication for diagnosis of ATTRwt‐CM. Age and low serum sodium level were significant predictive factors of all survival outcomes. The clinical features of ATTRwt‐CM should be recognized to provide appropriate treatment.
Conventional type 1 dendritic cells induce TH1, TH1‐like follicular helper T cells and regulatory T cells after antigen boost via DEC205 receptor
Authors: Sulczewski Fernando Bandeira , Martino Larissa Alves , Almeida Bianca da Silva , Zaneti Arthur Baruel , Ferreira Natália Soares , Amorim Kelly Nazaré da Silva , Yamamoto Márcio Massao , Apostolico Juliana de Souza , Rosa Daniela Santoro , Boscardin Silvia Beatriz
Published: July 2020

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are specialized in antigen presentation. In the mouse spleen, cDCs are classified in cDC1s and cDC2s, and express DEC205 and DCIR2 endocytic receptors, respectively. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) αDEC205 (αDEC) and αDCIR2 have been fused to different antigens to deliver them to cDC1s or cDC2s. We immunized mice with αDEC and αDCIR2 fused to an antigen using Poly(I:C) as adjuvant. The initial immune response was analyzed from days 3 to 6 after the immunization. We also studied the influence of a booster dose. Our results showed that antigen targeting to cDC1s promoted a pro‐inflammatory TH1 cell response. Antigen targeting to cDC2s induced TFH cells, GCs, and plasma cell differentiation. After boost, antigen targeting to cDC1s improved the TH1 cell response and induced TH1‐like TFH cells that led to an increase in specific antibody titers and IgG class switch. Additionally, a population of regulatory T cells was also observed. Antigen targeting to cDC2s did not improve the specific antibody response after boost. Our results add new information on the immune response induced after the administration of a booster dose with αDEC and αDCIR2 fusion mAbs. These results may be useful for vaccine design using recombinant mAbs.
Sensitive protein detection and visualization using protein‐binding peptides
Authors: Ma Lu , Yang Tao , Mao Chuanbin , Yang Mingying
Published: July 2020

Silk sericin (SS) as a silk protein has important applications in biomedical and textile fields, and thus finding a facile method for detecting and imaging it is very important. Here, we show that a free SS‐binding peptide, labeled with horseradish peroxidase and fluorescein isothiocyanate, could be used as a probe to determine the concentration of SS (from 1 to 100 μg/ml) in a dilute solution with a detection limit of 0.073 μg/ml and visualize the distribution of SS on a substrate under a fluorescent microscope, respectively. This work highlights the importance in discovering a protein‐binding peptide and the power of such a peptide for the detection and imaging of technologically important proteins.
Tumor phantom for training and research in transoral surgery
Authors: Sramek Michael , Shi Yuan , Quintanilla Erick , Wu Xiaotian , Ponukumati Aravind , Pastel David , Halter Ryan , Paydarfar Joseph
Published: July 2020

Objective

With the paradigm shift towards minimally invasive surgical techniques such as transoral laser microsurgery and transoral robotic surgery for resection of head and neck malignancies, there is a need to enhance the surgical training of these techniques as well as provide a platform for testing new approaches and technologies. The steeper learning curve associated with minimally invasive surgical techniques may be mitigated with the use of tumor phantoms (TP) placed in cadaver models.

Methods

An injectable TP was developed using an agar‐gelatin base, unsalted chicken stock, deionized water, food coloring for visual mimicry, and iohexol for radiographic mimicry. Four percentage glutaraldehyde was used as a cross‐linking agent for solidification of the TP. The TP was then injected in various mucosal anatomic sites in four unfixed cadaver heads. Visual, radiographic, and tactile mimicry was assessed via endoscopy, CT scan, and tumor dissection and palpation, respectively.

Results

Tumor phantom injection was successfully achieved in all four cadaver heads. Visually and tactilely, the TP demonstrated similar color change, induration, and firmness of a typical squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa). However, ulceration that is often seen with SCCa could not be replicated. CT mimicry was compared with nine patients with known SCCa. Tumor radiodensity in the nine patients was between 77 and 110 HU (mean 86.3 HU) whereas TP radiodensity was 59 and 127 HU (mean 93.7 HU), with no significant difference between groups (P = .21).

Conclusion

This inexpensive, easy to apply, and unique tumor phantom could be used both to train transoral techniques and as a tool to further investigate new approaches and technologies for transoral surgery.

Level of Evidence

NA.
Transverse MHD flow of Al2O3‐Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid with active radiation: A novel hybrid model
Authors: Gangadhar Kotha , Bhargavi Dhanekula Naga , Kannan Thangavelu , Venkata Subba Rao Munagala , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: July 2020

In recent times, a different kind of nanofluid, namely hybrid nanofluid, has been taken to enrich the rate of heat transfer in base fluid additionally. In the present study, a novel type of hybrid nanofluid having H2O as a base with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and copper (Cu) nano‐sized particles has been numerically demonstrated to improve the flow at nodal/saddle stagnation point. Radiative heat transfer and the magnetic field are included in this analysis. Depending on Tiwari‐Das nanofluid technique, an innovative direct mathematical idea has been framed and introduced. The rate of flow is measured through partial differential equation (PDE). These equations are complex nonlinear, so a set of appropriate transformations is used to decrease the order of these equations. The reduced system is evaluated by applying a fifth‐order R.K. Fehlberg technique together with the shooting process. The obtained outcomes are exhibited in graphs and tables. The concluding remark is that the rate of heat transfer is increased by 20.51% and 49.81% in hybrid nanofluid when compared with hybrid nanofluid and all kinds of other fluids (i.e., regular and nano), respectively.
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of cleft palate without cleft lip, the new ultrasound semiology
Authors: Faure Jean Michel , Mousty Eve , Bigorre Michèle , Wells Constance , Boulot Pierre , Captier Guillaume , Fuchs Florent
Published: July 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to define the prenatal ultrasound semiology of cleft palate without cleft lip using 3D visualization of the fetal palate.

Methods

A prospective longitudinal study was performed in our University Hospital Center from 2011 to 2018. The fetal secondary palate was studied in 3D, starting with 2D axial transverse ultrasound view. We defined a cleft palate as a disruption of the horizontal plate of the palatine bone of the secondary palate. Prenatal findings were correlated to anatomic postnatal examinations performed by a paediatric plastic surgeon.

Results

Forty‐three cases of cleft palate without cleft lip were prenatally diagnosed, of whom 34 were associated with malformations. We defined four types of disruptive appearances: isolated nonvisualization of the posterior nasal spine; partial‐disruption or cleft velum; complete disappearance or V‐shaped cleft palate; and complete disappearance or U‐shaped cleft palate. The adjusted kappa coefficient, between prenatal and postnatal evaluation, was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.79‐0.97), corresponding to an excellent agreement.

Conclusions

Using a strictly axial transverse ultrasound view, visualization of the secondary fetal palate enables to diagnose a cleft palate without cleft lip. This method offers a prenatal anatomic classification of cleft palate with a high level of concordance to postnatal findings.
Characterization of a cell death‐inducing endonuclease‐like venom protein from the parasitoid wasp Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: Wang Jiale , Yan Zhichao , Xiao Shan , Wang Beibei , Fang Qi , Schlenke Todd , Ye Gongyin
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Parasitoid wasps are valuable natural enemies for controlling pests. To ensure successful parasitism, these wasps inject venoms along with their eggs that are deposited either into or on their hosts. Parasitoid venoms regulate host behaviors, development, metabolism and immune responses. Pteromalus puparum is a pupal endoparasitoid that parasitizes a number of butterflies, including the worldwide pest cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae. Venom from P. puparum has a variety of effects on host hemocytes, including alteration of absolute and relative hemocyte counts, and inhibition of hemocyte spreading and encapsulation. In particular, P. puparum venom causes hemocyte cell death in vivo and in vitro.

RESULTS

Using assay‐guided chromatography, a cell death‐inducing venom fraction was identified and defined as P. puparum endonuclease‐like venom protein (PpENVP). It belongs to the DNA/RNA nonspecific endonuclease family, which contains two conserved endonuclease activation sites. We analyzed its expression profiles and demonstrated that PpENVP inhibits gene expression in transfected cells relying on two activation sites. However, RNA interference of PpENVP did not significantly reduce P. puparum venom cytotoxicity, suggesting that PpENVP may not be the sole cytotoxic factor present.

CONCLUSION

Our results provide novel insight into the function of the P. puparum venom cocktail and identify a promising insecticide candidate endonuclease that targets insect hemocytes.
Theoretical investigation on transformation of Cr(II) to Cr(V) complexes bearing tetra‐N‐heterocyclic carbene and group transfer reactivity
Authors: Lu Nan , Lan Xiaozheng , Miao Chengxia , Qian Ping
Published: July 2020

The mechanism for the transformation among a series of Cr(II) to Cr(V) complexes bearing tetra‐N‐heterocyclic carbene macrocycle is investigated. The oxidation and aziridination of Cr(II) monomer are studied by local density functional M06L. The former generates Cr(IV) oxo and further oxidizes to cationic Cr(V) oxo. The latter proceeds via two paths with different multiplicity, forming Cr(IV) imide. The Cr(IV) oxo cannot transfer its oxygen atom neither to phosphine nor to alkene because of the high energy barrier and endothermic process. The group transfer reactions are explored for Cr(V) oxo and Cr(IV) imide. The doublet Cr(V) oxo can also exist as quartet Cr(IV)‐oxyl radical and promote oxygen transfer to phosphine, resulting in phosphine oxide in one exergonic step. The macrocyclic ligand effect of imido group transfer from Cr(IV) imide is verified by Multiwfn analysis. For 18‐ringed imide, the matched orbital type and same‐phase overlap reduce the barrier of its 16‐ringed analog and facilitate the formation of phosphorus imine.