bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le Doctor of Business Administration
Authors: Barnard Helena , Spooner Vivienne
Published: February 2024

Les managers qui se lancent dans un doctorat professionnel se retrouvent dans un monde nouveau et étrange, avec un langage et des pratiques qui ne leur sont pas familiers. En outre, la rapidité d’exécution, l’étendue des connaissances et le fait d’avoir des réponses à portée de main sont les caractéristiques d’un praticien d’entreprise qui réussit. À l’inverse, le monde universitaire valorise les pratiques réflexives, la profondeur des connaissances et l’aisance dans le questionnement permanent. Bien que ces normes s’opposent souvent, le fait de se familiariser et de se sentir à l’aise avec les normes universitaires peut également s’avérer menaçant. Le manager-chercheur doit apprendre à chevaucher les deux mondes de l’entreprise et de l’université, tout en donnant un sens aux problèmes rencontrés sur le lieu de travail à travers des lentilles à la fois académiques et pratiques. Nous expliquons comment le développement d’une communauté de soutien aux praticiens de l’enseignement supérieur offre un espace sûr aux managers-chercheurs pour développer un bilinguisme conceptuel. Cette communauté offre un soutien aux managers-chercheurs parce qu’elle comprend les exigences concurrentes du monde du travail et du monde universitaire.
Le Doctor of Business Administration
Authors: Owen Chris
Published: February 2024

La recherche sur le DBA aura un impact sur les organisations, sur la pratique de la gestion et sur l’individu qui entreprend la formation. Ce chapitre explore la nature de cet impact au moyen de cinq brèves études de cas de diplômés du programme DBA de l’Aston Business School, au Royaume-Uni. Les études de cas montrent que cet impact peut inclure le développement d’une expertise approfondie et d’un leadership éclairé, un apprentissage transformationnel personnel et le lancement de nouvelles formes d’organisation.
Le Doctor of Business Administration
Authors: Kriek Hendrik S.
Published: February 2024

Ce chapitre se concentre sur le DBA en tant qu’espace identitaire. Il traite de la manière dont le contenu du DBA permet de transformer l’identité personnelle, relationnelle, collective, professionnelle et de leader. La nature de l’espace identitaire est examinée en tant qu’espace de travail identitaire, espace écologique, espace archétypique et, enfin, espace expérimental. Le chapitre souligne l’effet du DBA en tant qu’espace identitaire en montrant comment il facilite l’expression personnelle, élargit les compétences, développe la gestion sociale, crée des liens, se concentre sur la connexion avec les mondes intérieurs des candidats, encourage la création de sens et prépare à l’identité future.
Le Doctor of Business Administration
Authors: Higson Helen E. , Willans Simon
Published: February 2024

Ce chapitre explore les manières dont un programme de DBA peut changer la donne pour toutes ses parties prenantes : écoles de management, entreprises et participants. En se basant sur la littérature scientifique, nous identifions les principales caractéristiques du DBA et la manière dont ce diplôme joue un rôle dans le développement des managers, en apportant des changements innovants aux entreprises et en augmentant l’impact externe des écoles de management. Nous avons étudié l’initiative d’une école de management qui vise à augmenter le nombre et à améliorer la qualité de ses doctorants de DBA, ce qui nous a permis d’identifier les avantages et les défis rencontrés par l’école. Nous avons découvert que ces avantages profitaient à toutes les parties, bien au-delà des doctorants. Ils ont amélioré la qualité de l’enseignement et de l’encadrement pour tous les doctorants, aidé le personnel à gagner en expérience en matière de direction de thèse et, d’une manière générale, modifié le niveau de service aux clients et de professionnalisme en matière d’accompagnement, ce qui a entraîné une augmentation du nombre d’étudiants, mais aussi des taux de satisfaction et de rétention très élevés.
Le Doctor of Business Administration
Authors: Kalika Michel , Platt Stephen
Published: February 2024

Ce chapitre couvre ce qui est largement considéré comme un aspect clé des programmes DBA, à savoir la transformation de l’expérience et des connaissances tacites du doctorant en connaissances « palpables » et « utiles » pour communication et diffusion. Cette transformation est rendue possible grâce aux nouvelles compétences acquises au cours du processus de recherche DBA lui-même et à la relation particulière entre le manager-chercheur et son directeur de thèse. Ces nouvelles connaissances peuvent ensuite être partagées avec un public (professionnel) plus large afin de générer un impact.
La nature de l’échange économique : de l’“interaction” à la “transaction”
Authors: Petit Emmanuel
Published: February 2024

En théorie économique, le terme d’interaction est utilisé pour qualifier la relation d’échange entre des agents sur le marché. Sur le plan sémantique, l’usage du mot recouvre des significations différentes selon que l’on se trouve dans un modèle classique de concurrence pure et parfaite, dans un modèle de théorie des jeux ou encore à l’intérieur de l’économie institutionnelle. L’usage polysémique du terme d’interaction révèle notamment des postures méthodologiques différentes. Chez les économistes, cependant, la signification du terme d’interaction ne recouvre pas totalement celle de « transaction », identifiée par John Dewey, dans laquelle les entités qui participent à l’échange sont elles-mêmes transformées – laissant ainsi entrevoir un prolongement de l’analyse de l’interaction en économie.
Classification automatique des grands corpus numériques : une problématisation interdisciplinaire
Authors: Lakel Amar
Published: February 2024

La classification automatique des grands corpus numériques est une problématique interdisciplinaire qui implique les sciences sociales, la linguistique, la sociologie et les sciences du langage. Dans cet article, nous explorons une des méthodologies de classification documentaire pour renforcer l’analyse sociologique des controverses à travers une étude de cas. Notre objectif programmatique est de cartographier un espace discursif numérique à travers le repérage des nœuds socio discursifs qui structurent le corpus. Nous éviterons toute référence mathématique ou informatique et nous nous concentrerons sur la théorie générale pour objectiver l’énoncé. En fin de compte, notre article vise à ouvrir un chantier interdisciplinaire pour contribuer à l’analyse automatique du discours au service de l’analyse des corpus numériques. Nous pensons cette proposition comme une invitation au dialogue, essentielle à une meilleure compréhension des processus de signification dans les controverses numériques.
Linguistique historique et mythologie des langues : l’Anti-Kaulen d’August Friedrich Pott (1863)
Authors: Petit Daniel
Published: February 2024

En raison de ses liens évidents avec la plupart des activités humaines, le langage est par définition un objet d’étude qui a donné lieu depuis toujours à des approches interdisciplinaires et attiré l’attention des personnalités les plus diverses. Plusieurs fois dans l’histoire de la linguistique, toutefois, on observe des moments de tension dans lesquels les linguistes rappellent aux non-linguistes qu’on ne peut pas dire et faire n’importe quoi sur le langage et qu’il faut laisser la linguistique à ceux qui s’en sont fait une spécialité. L’objet de cet article est de décrire en ces termes une polémique qui opposa au début des années 1860 le théologien Franz Philip Kaulen (1827-1907) et le linguiste August Friedrich Pott (1802-1887). Alors que le premier réaffirmait le message de la Bible en défendant la primauté de la langue hébraïque dont dériveraient toutes les langues du monde par suite de la confusion de la Tour de Babel, le second posait comme une nécessité absolue une analyse proprement scientifique du langage. Loin de se résumer à un débat entre la monogenèse et la polygenèse du langage, comme on a pu parfois le penser, la polémique entre Kaulen et Pott illustre une revendication fondamentale des linguistes du XIXe siècle, à savoir l’idée que les théologiens, avec leurs scénarios mythiques et religieux, n’ont rien à dire à la linguistique et que celle-ci appartient en propre aux linguistes, à supposer que ceux-ci définissent clairement leur objet et ses limites.
La division du travail linguistique : déférence et stéréotypes
Authors: Wagner Henri
Published: February 2024

L’objet de cet essai est d’élucider le phénomène de la division du travail linguistique tel qu’il a été mis en exergue et décrit par Hilary Putnam dans son article célèbre « The Meaning of “Meaning” » (1975). Par le concept de division du travail linguistique, Putnam prétend capturer et décrire la différence, l’hétérogénéité et la complémentarité des compétences des locuteurs d’une même communauté linguistique engagées dans leur usage d’un même terme conceptuel. Pièce maîtresse de son anti-subjectivisme en matière de sémantique, il rend partiellement compte de la contribution de l’environnement social et culturel à la signification et à la fixation de la référence des termes conceptuels et, de ce fait, constitue un des aspects centraux de l’externalisme sémantique promu par Putnam. Deux notions contribuent à en expliciter le contenu : la notion (et les phénomènes associés) de déférence des locuteurs « non-experts » envers des locuteurs « experts » et la notion de stéréotype associé à un terme conceptuel. Tandis que la notion de déférence a pour objet de rendre compte des relations asymétriques de dépendance des locuteurs non-experts envers des locuteurs experts engagées dans l’usage d’un terme conceptuel comme « or » ou « hêtre », celle de stéréotype a pour objet de rendre compte de la compétence individuelle minimale requise d’un locuteur employant un terme conceptuel à bon escient. Or, la réception de l’externalisme sémantique de Putnam parmi les philosophes comme parmi les linguistes, a pu donner lieu à un certain nombre de mécompréhensions au sujet des notions de déférence et de stéréotype. Aussi l’objet second de cet essai est de contribuer à lever les malentendus qui entravent la bonne intelligibilité de ces notions et, par-là, de contribuer à une compréhension adéquate de la division du travail linguistique et, plus généralement, de l’externalisme sémantique sous la version qu’en propose Putnam.
Les plantes sont-elles « à notre service » ? Comment des images et des mots, associés dans les sphères de la biologie, illustrent une certaine relation au végétal
Authors: Gerber Sophie
Published: February 2024

Ce texte est issu de la découverte successive et indépendante d’images donnant au végétal un statut particulier et proposant des types de liens que les humains peuvent établir avec lui, tout aussi singuliers. Le lien en question peut être rapproché de la notion de « services écosystémiques », très largement utilisée, notamment dans les milieux de la recherche en biologie et en écologie. Un « service » est une action qui vise à apporter son aide, à être utile, et il est le résultat de cette action. Le service est ici appliqué au niveau écosystémique, une unité écologique constituée d’un milieu naturel et de l’ensemble des organismes qui y vivent. Les « services » inscrivent dans une attente toute humaine un ensemble d’éléments naturels présents dans les écosystèmes, dont les humains, malgré une certaine artificialisation de leurs vies, sont toujours dépendants. L’espèce Homo sapiens, maintenant présente dans presque tous les écosystèmes terrestres, a démontré son pouvoir d’exploitation, transformant de nombreux éléments non-vivants et vivants en « ressources » (y compris « humaines »), le terme « ressource » étant défini comme un moyen, qui permet de réaliser le but visé. Notre hypothèse est que l’exploitation et la découpe des vivants – des plantes en l’occurrence –, sont accompagnées de la disparition des approches sensibles, et conduisent à leur invisibilisation, à leur anonymat, à leur oubli. L’une des conséquences est de mettre en péril la considération que nous pourrions avoir de ces organismes vivants pour « eux-mêmes », et donc pour leur réelle défense et celle des milieux dont ils font partie.
Histoire des sciences et anachronismes
Authors: Duris Pascal
Published: February 2024

Comprendre le passé pour lui-même et dans ses propres termes pour ne pas en faire un faux présent doit être un des objectifs de l’histoire des sciences. Au moment où se répand une forme d’histoire téléologique, cet article montre que la question de l’anachronisme, classique en épistémologie de l’histoire, n’est pas suffisamment prise en compte en histoire des sciences, quand elle n’est pas purement et simplement ignorée comme en histoire de la médecine. Le cas de l’histoire de la préhistoire (chronologie, art pariétal, Neandertal) est plus particulièrement étudié.
The future of Black Theology of Liberation: Narrative as epistemological resource
Authors: Baron Eugene
Published: February 2024

The death of Black Theology of Liberation (BTL) has been announced, and many were invited to the funeral. This article rejects vehemently such a death as a myth, and provides two reasons why such a theology would have a place to address theologising in the world. It firstly argues that BTL attributes its birth through stories. These stories are captured in history; embodied stories that are told. Secondly, it is found in a broader epistemology than that provided by the Enlightenment paradigm. Therefore, it is not only found in conceptual, argumentative discourses, but other forms of knowledge systems, including stories, poetry, and personal storytelling. However, this has still not been equally appreciated and explored. Taking the above two reasons into account, the death of BTL cannot be announced by academics, since they were never the sole custodians thereof, only recipients of the tradition of an oppressed people.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article has implications for how theology is being done in all theology-related disciplines, moving from context, to scripture, to context in a continuous hermeneutical circle. It addresses the way in which all theological disciplines have been functioning within the Enlightenment paradigm, and how black theology itself has lent itself to it, but is continually reforming, because of its nature to be narrative in its approach.
Willingness to Trade Life for Better Vision: A Study of Time Trade-Off among Glaucoma Patients in a Tertiary Health Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Ani Nnenne N. , Pedro-Egbe Chinyere N. , Awoyesuku Elizabeth A. , Nathaniel Godswill I.
Published: February 2024

Objectives: This study aims to determine the time trade-off (TTO) among glaucoma patients at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital in Rivers State Nigeria. Materials and method: This was a hospital-based study at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital of the time trade-off utility of glaucoma patients aged 18 years and older with no history of coexisting ocular pathology or chronic illness. Subjects were selected by a simple random sampling method, and a time trade-off utility questionnaire was administered. Ocular examinations done included visual acuity, applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, and slit-lamp examination using a + 78 diopter lens; refraction was also done for each patient. Perimetry was done using standard achromatic perimetry with a fast threshold central 24-2 strategy. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS (Version 20), and the P-value was set at <0.05. Result: Two hundred and ninety-nine (299) subjects participated in the study. There were 141 males (47%) and 158 females (53%) giving a male: female ratio of 1:1.12. The age range was 20 to 86 years with a mean age of 53.61± 14.23 years. The mean score of time trade-off among the study population was 0.84 ± 0.1417 (95% CI 0.82–0.86). Worsening BCVA in the better eye (P = 0.025) was shown to be the only predictive factor of lower TTO quality of life. Conclusion: This study shows that there is a reduced time trade-off quality of life among this cohort of glaucoma patients. Therefore, it is important for ophthalmologists to bear this in mind, noting the important role of counseling in the management of glaucoma patients.
Technique and Outcomes of Vitreoretinal Surgery for Complications of Proliferative Sickle Cell Retinopathy
Authors: Oderinlo O. , Umeh V. , Hassan A.O. , Oshunkoya L. , Bulus S. , Olukotun A.
Published: February 2024

Objective: To report the technique as well as the anatomic and visual outcomes of vitrectomy for vitreoretinal complications of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy (PSR). Methods: This was a retrospective review of case files of patients who had vitrectomy for complications of PSR at Goldberg’s stage 4 and 5 between January 2017 and June 2022 at Eye Foundation Hospital, Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria. Results: Within the period of the study, a total of 22 eyes (6 right eyes and 16 left eyes) of 21 patients diagnosed with either persistent vitreous hemorrhage (Goldberg PSR stage 4) or retinal detachment (RD) (Goldberg PSR stage 5) met the inclusion criteria. All eyes had three port pars plana vitrectomy. Eleven eyes (50%) had only vitrectomy, six eyes (27.3%) underwent combined vitrectomy with scleral buckling and vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification was done in five eyes (22.7%). There was a statistically significant (P = 0.026) improvement in the postoperative best corrected mean logMAR visual acuity (0.88 ± 0.79) at the last follow-up visit compared to the presenting visual acuity (1.4 ± 1.0). All eyes (100%) achieved surgical success defined as clearing of vitreous hemorrhage and retinal reattachment at 1-week, 6, and 12 weeks postoperative review. Conclusion: Good anatomic success and improvement in visual acuity are achievable with surgery for advanced PSR at Goldberg stages 4 and 5.
Novel Approaches to Community-Based Psychoeducation to Improve Mental Health Awareness in Diverse Settings
Authors: Jordan Atasha , Nguyen Kristin , Carandang Maria Bernadett , Hikmat Wydad
Published: February 2024

Background/Objectives:

The authors are early career psychiatrists practicing worldwide who aim to increase access to mental health care and reduce associated stigma by utilizing culturally informed psychoeducation-based programs tailored for nontraditional communities.

Methods:

The authors chose four distinct communities to provide mental health psychoeducation, including churches in Philadelphia, a fandom group in the Philippines, nonpsychiatric healthcare workers in Nepal, and families of patients in Morocco.

Results:

Dr. Atasha Jordan founded the Christian Mental Health Initiative to improve mental health outcomes of Christians in the US and the Caribbean; in a pilot study (n = 29), the research team used Mental Health First Aid to increase mental health care literacy and mental health care utilization in Black Churches. Dr. Bernadett Carandang co-created Hallyu Wednesdays, an online fandom-based mental health group that meets weekly to explore mental health topics through Korean media and provide online safe spaces for their community. Dr. Kristin Nguyen, as part of the Health, Equity, Action, Leadership (HEAL) global mental health fellowship program, co-created psychoeducational videos on burnout and ways to mitigate it for the staff of a hospital in rural Nepal that can be disseminated to other Nepali healthcare workers. Dr. Wydad Hikmat implemented a family psychoeducation program, Profamille, for caregivers and families of patients with psychosis, leading to improved mood and coping strategies for patients.

Conclusions:

All four psychoeducational interventions used innovative approaches to addressing mental health challenges and promoting mental wellness among diverse populations worldwide.
From Individual Psychiatry to Planetary Health Care
Authors: Falceto Olga Garcia , de Barros Enrique Falceto
Published: February 2024

This article describes the personal journey of an experienced Brazilian child psychiatrist who also trained as a systems-oriented family therapist who realized that she was not systems oriented enough. Her son, a family doctor, has been influencing the inclusion of planetary health care in her work. Personal, intergenerational, and professional development go hand in hand in this account, along with scientific developments. The account aims at inspiring other social psychiatrists and mental health workers to include 1 min for the planet in consultations, preventive, and rehabilitative work and to spread the word to our countries and international mental health institutions.
Anomie, Loneliness, and Psychopathology
Authors: Rahmani Mariam , Pumariega Andres Julio , Prajapati Parna , Dalkilic Alican , Burakgazi-Yilmaz Hatice , Unlu Ali
Published: February 2024

Objective:

“Anomie” describes social dysregulation or a social condition in which individuals feel isolated instead of united with other members of the society. The literature on the association of anomie and loneliness with suicidality and youth psychopathology has been demonstrated in some studies based in Western nations. This study aims to compare the association of anomie and loneliness, substance use, and psychosocial risk factors with suicidal ideations in a sample of high school (HS) students in Istanbul. The context of modern-day Turkey provides a setting where stress from socio-economic and cultural transitions resulting from globalization could contribute to higher degrees of anomie and isolation/loneliness.

Methods:

The study data were collected from a 66-question survey of 31,604 HS students administered by the Istanbul Department of Education. The primary questions and subquestions were used to generate variables of interest to explore the relationship between anomie, loneliness, and psychopathology. In addition to the descriptive analyses, logistic regressions were used with anomie and loneliness as dependent variables, and psychosocial variables and psychiatric symptoms were used as two main independent variable clusters.

Results:

Our findings show that 45% of Turkish youth experienced anomie and 17% experienced loneliness. Both anomie and loneliness are strongly associated with particular psychosocial variables. More time spent with family and higher parental education are protective factors, whereas peer influences and substance misuse increase the risk of anomie and loneliness. Both anomie and loneliness are also associated with psychiatric symptomatology, particularly suicidality.

Conclusions:

Identification of youth struggling with anomie and loneliness can be an important approach to reaching out to at-risk youth, particularly in a context of socioeconomic and cultural transition.
Reducing the Treatment Gap for Psychiatric Disorders – The Role of Accredited Social Health Activists in South India
Authors: Gakkhar Shivam , Nirisha P. Lakshmi , Sabhahit Gajanan , Rahul Patley , Kulal Nithesh , Harshitha Nisha R. , Manjunatha N. , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Kumar Naveen C. , Manjappa Adarsha Alur , Parthasarthy Rajani , Chand Prabhat Kumar , Arora Sanjeev , Badamath Suresh
Published: February 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mental health work carried out by accredited social health activists (ASHAs) on reduction of the “treatment gap” for severe mental disorders (SMD), common mental disorders (CMDs), and substance use disorders (SUDs) in rural communities.

Methods:

This study is an offshoot of a larger randomized controlled trial designed to comprehensively compare the effectiveness of two methods of training and empowering grassroots-level workers in mental health. Three primary health centers (PHCs) were selected (simple random sampling) as the study group (SG). Thirty-five ASHAs were trained and mentored (National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences-Extension of Community Health Outcomes model of skilled capacity building using digital technology) for a period of 18 months in identifying/counseling/referral of commonly prevalent mental health problems in the community. Control group (CG) PHCs' ASHAs (n = 36) received “training as usual” (i.e. 1 day in person classroom training session). Both the groups were regularly contacted by the research team to monitor for progress. Reduction in “treatment gap” was evaluated using pre–post design for SG and CG separately, and the same was compared between SG and CG.

Results:

A total of 35,023 adults were screened, and positives were identified, counseled, and referred for care and treatment. Treatment gap for SMDs and SUDs reduced significantly both in SG and CG (SMDs: 10% vs. 38%, respectively; P= 0.03 for both; SUDs: 51% vs. 70% respectively; P< 0.001 for both) while it increased for CMDs (13% vs. 14% P< 0.01 and 0.09, respectively). Comparatively speaking, SG fared better for SUDs (P < 0.05), and CG did better for SMDs (P < 0.05). It was unequivocal for CMDs (P = 0.48).

Conclusion:

ASHAs could be effectively empowered to carry out mental health work resulting in meaningful reduction of treatment gap for the priority mental illnesses including SMD and SUDs.
Systematic Youth Suicide Screening in a General Hospital Setting
Authors: Pumariega Andres Julio , Millsaps Udema , Richardson Gerald
Published: February 2024

Objectives:

Adolescent suicide rates have been rising since 1999, and efforts to identify youth at risk with systematic approaches are important in secondary prevention. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) screener is a tool that has demonstrated predictive validity in identifying youth at risk of attempting suicide. Health care settings are key venues where at-risk youth can be identified effectively.

Methods:

A tertiary hospital in the Northeast U.S. developed a suicide risk protocol, consisting of systematic screening of patients for suicidal ideation/behavior with a screening version of the C-SSRS and a response algorithm based on risk levels derived from the screen. A total of 840 nurses were trained on the C-SSRS Screener, with a response protocol addressing environmental safety and psychiatric consultation.

Results:

This report focuses on the screening results for adolescents (ages 12–17) within this cohort, occurring over a 11-year period. Posttraining inter-rater reliability on the C-SSRS Screener definitions of ideation and behavior were high and independent of level of education or mental health experience. Of 6126 patients screened in this age group, 9.6% were in the highest risk category, as compared to 0.93% of adults during a 12-month period. Middle adolescents, females, African American and Latino patients, patients with psychiatric diagnoses, and patients with some medical diagnoses were at significant risk.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that a systematic screening and clinical response protocol using the C-SSRS screener can potentially enhance the ability to identify suicide risk in the adolescent population in medical surgical hospitals and can focus services on patients with the most need.
Attachment, Family, and Social Systems
Authors: Di Nicola Vincenzo
Published: February 2024

This article explores the parallels among postwar Britain's “cradle to grave” welfare state with its “social safety net,” especially the National Health Service, the consequent social realism and social upheaval in every sphere of the society, and the birth of the Social Psychiatry (SP) movement in London. From Bowlby's attachment theory, to the pivot from individual to relational therapies, and from research on the social origins of depression in women and Expressed Emotion in family relationships, to the hospice movement, London has uniquely served as a model for SP. There is an organic relationship among these social phenomena in a collectivist society that values “the commons” that created a social safety net, manifested by social realism in the arts reflecting a social upheaval that challenged tradition, notably the class structure of British society. The hallmark of SP is to discern governing patterns across social domains. Anthropologist Gregory Bateson sought “the pattern that connects” while sociologists and systems theorists found patterns in the structures, scripts, and systems of a society. What distinguishes SP is in perceiving these patterns, taking them seriously to re-vision how we think about determinants and influences of mental and social health, and to construct new approaches in psychiatry from research to pedagogy and clinical practice to policy-making.
A Psychodynamic Perspective on Psychological Traumas in Children and their Psychosocial Consequences
Authors: Botbol M. , Lebailly T. , Laplace S. , André S. Saint
Published: February 2024

Psychological trauma may occur in children as it does in adults. However, due to children's specific dependency on their caregivers, some cardinal characteristics differentiate common acute psychological trauma from long-lasting ones for which the traumatic stress field has adopted the term “complex trauma,” including abuse and neglect and intrafamilial from extrafamilial psychological traumas. These characteristics are influential on the weight of psychological trauma psychosocial consequences, considerably higher in children than in adults. It is especially the case in infants in whom intrafamilial long-lasting psychological traumas are, by far, the most frequent and the most destructive. The purpose of the present article is not to provide an updated review of the current literature on psychological trauma in children and adolescents but to show how psychoanalytical theoretical approaches contribute to the treatment of childhood trauma. One must remember that considerations of children's psychological traumas were crucial in developing psychoanalytic theories. More than 100 years ago, psychoanalysis comprehensively explained the behavioral and affective symptoms currently considered central in children's and adolescents' psychological trauma. Moreover, these explanations are generally consistent with the theories supporting the current mainstream approach to the question.
Strabismus and Quality of Life
Authors: Pacheco Paola , Andrews Sarah , Chaskel Roberto
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Strabismus is a condition that impacts a variety of functional and psychosocial domains. One of the major areas of interest in the management of strabismus is improvement in the patient's quality of life (QOL), yet, the effect of surgical intervention on QOL is unclear, especially in pediatric populations. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in the perception of QOL using the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire in a pediatric population both before and after surgical correction of strabismus.

Methods:

A prospective descriptive study was conducted in a sample of 8–17-year-old children and adolescents whose perception of QOL was evaluated using the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered prior to and 3 months after surgical correction and administered in two specialized institutions in Bogota, Colombia.

Results:

Twenty seven subjects were included, 59.3% (n = 16) were male with a mean age of 11.5 years. The etiology of strabismus was identified as congenital in 66.7% (n = 18) and bilateral in 59.3% (n = 16), while esotropia was the most common type (55.6%). The QOL measure, KIDSCREEN-52, resulted a statistically significant positive effect in all dimensions, except for the Financial Resources dimension.

Conclusion:

Subjects who underwent surgical intervention perceived improvement in almost all areas of QOL. These results highlight the importance of early surgical intervention, with an added opportunity to improve the patient's mental and social wellbeing, secondary to surgical correction of strabismus.
Collaborating with Traditional and Faith Healers in Mental Health: A Public Health Approach
Authors: Read Ursula M. , Jilka Sagar , Singh Swaran Preet
Published: February 2024

There is an increasing interest in collaboration between biomedical services and traditional and faith healers for mental health care. In this article, we briefly outline recent research in this area and discuss some of the challenges to collaboration, particularly in relation to the care of people living with serious mental illness (SMI). Several approaches to collaborative mental health care have been attempted primarily in Africa, but also in Asia. Challenges to these collaborations include mutual distrust, power differentials, conceptual and methodological problems, and a lack of organizational support and resources. Importantly, the perspectives of people with lived experiences of mental illness are seldom considered. Research suggests that “bottom-up” approaches using community engagement, dialogue, and mutual learning may enable more effective and sustainable collaboration. We identify a need for greater involvement of people with lived experience of mental illness and their families and consider the potential of a public mental health approach in which collaborations are embedded within communities and existing support structures and accompanied by policies and interventions to address social as well as spiritual and medical needs.
Mental Health Service Facility for Men in an Urban Setting: Services Delivery and Sustainability
Authors: Zakaria Hazli
Published: February 2024

The current mental health service ecosystem in Malaysia is still fragmented and not well coordinated, even in a private setting. The lack of appropriate services which cater for men further enhances the preexisting barrier toward engagement with mental health services. This article provides a perspective on the elements of male-friendly service facilities which could increase the number of men who come forward for assessment and treatment with continued engagement in maintaining their mental wellness. The focus would be on “what works” in mental health deliveries for men based on the existing data of specific programs or facilities. A brief description of a newly established psychiatric clinic emphasizing the key components incorporated into the design to provide a “safe space” for men is included. This facility will serve as a “clinical laboratory” for putting theory into practice. It will provide an opportunity to better understand the role of masculinity in facilitating help-seeking behavior, the recovery journey, and how it could help in sustaining the recovered individuals within the ecosystem. It would be a baby step toward the future policy for men’s mental health services in Malaysia.
Public Mental Health: The Case and Required Actions
Authors: Campion Jonathan , Javed Afzal , Saxena Shekhar , Udomratn Pichet
Published: February 2024

Mental disorder accounts for a third of global disease burden (years lived with a disability), with associated global annual economic costs projected to exceed US$6 trillion by the year 2030. Effective public mental health (PMH) interventions exist to treat mental disorders, prevent associated impacts, prevent mental disorders from arising, and promote mental well-being and resilience. However, only a minority of those with mental disorders receive treatment with far less coverage in low- and middle-income countries. There is even less coverage of interventions to prevent associated impacts and negligible coverage of interventions to prevent mental disorders, or promote mental well being and resilience. The implementation gap breaches the right to health, has widened since the COVID-19 pandemic, and results in population-scale preventable suffering, broad impacts, and associated economic costs. PMH practice takes a population approach to improve coverage, outcomes, and coordination of PMH interventions. This supports efficient, equitable, and sustainable reduction of mental disorders and the promotion of the mental well-being of populations. Required actions to improve the implementation of PMH interventions include: 1) Assessment of PMH need to inform policy, choice of implementable PMH interventions, transparent decisions about coverage and required resources across different sectors, implementation to agreed level, and regular evaluation of coverage and outcomes; 2) Coordinated advocacy and leadership; 3) PMH training and improved population knowledge; 4) Settings based and integrated approaches, digital technology, maximizing existing resources, focus on high impact PMH interventions, and inclusion of mental disorders in national insurance or reimbursement schemes; 5) Use of legislation and a rights approach; and 6) Implementation research. Improved implementation results in broad impacts, associated economic benefits contributing to economic development, and achievement of a range of policy objectives.
Mental Health and Public Health: Improving Mental Health and Well-being of Communities in the Modern World: A Pragmatic Approach Using the Global Mental Health Assessment Tool/PC
Authors: Sharma Vimal Kumar , Odiyoor Mahesh M. , Robinson Catherine A. , Jaydeokar Sujeet
Published: February 2024

The World Health Organization report of 2022 on mental health highlights the slow progress in reducing the treatment gap for people with mental illness worldwide. It emphasizes that everyone should participate in improving the mental health and well-being of the communities. The governments should put their act together and all agencies should work in coordination to address the mental health needs of their population. They should also focus on mental health promotion, early intervention, and prevention of suicide. The Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2030 outlines the importance of leadership and governance for mental health in providing comprehensive, integrated, and responsive mental health and social care services in community-based settings. Stigma, human resource shortages, fragmented service delivery models, and poor commitment of authorities for mental health are some of the factors for the ongoing service gap in mental health. Providing mental health knowledge and assessment skills to frontline workers, supporting frontline workers by mental health specialists using their leadership skills, and fully utilizing mobile and Internet technology in providing education and training as well as providing services could bring down the treatment gap of mental disorders worldwide. The Global Mental Health Assessment Tool for Primary Care and General Health Setting (GMHAT/PC)-based training package has been developed and successfully implemented in training frontline health workers in different parts of the word. The authors propose that this may be a pragmatic way to integrate mental health in public health by skilling frontline workers in assessing mental health along with physical health and by providing holistic care.
Support, Advocacy, and Mental Health Interventions for Children in Vulnerable Circumstances and Distress: A Unique Public Child Mental Health Initiative in India
Authors: Ramaswamy Sheila , Kommu John Vijay Sagar , Seshadri Shekhar
Published: February 2024

Support, Advocacy, and Mental health interventions for children in Vulnerable circumstances And Distress (SAMVAD) is a National Initiative and Integrated Resource for Child Protection, Mental Health, and Psychosocial Care, established by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India; this initiative is located in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NIMHANS. With the aim of enhancing child and adolescent psychosocial well-being, through the promotion of transdisciplinary and integrated approaches to mental health and protection, SAMVAD was established to extend its support and activities to all the states in the country. It comprises a multidisciplinary team of childcare professionals, with expertise in training and capacity building, program and policy research pertaining to child mental health, protection, education, and law.
School Shooting in Serbia – A Huge Collective Trauma and Challenge for Public Mental Health
Authors: Pejuskovic Bojana , Lecic-Tosevski Dusica
Published: February 2024

Traumatic experiences are frequent and may cause serious consequences, affecting an individual, a larger group of people, or a whole society. Collective trauma might be a cataclysmic event that shatters the basic fabric of society leaving the profound acute and long-lasting effects. In addition to the loss of lives, huge injuries, collective trauma, or “social wounds,” often arouses a crisis of meaning. Unfortunately, school shootings causing most tragic collective trauma have become frequent in many countries. The one that recently occurred in Serbia with mass victims was unprecedented and unique experience that affected the whole population. The causes might be multiple and should be thoroughly assessed, with an integrative, biopsychosocial approach (genetic predisposition, developmental problems, parenting, media, i.e., social influences, relationship with peers, and personality structure). The consequences of such horrific traumatic experience are profound, and a challenge for public mental health, with a whole spectrum of psychological effects, both on individual and collective level. In addition to mental health consequences and potential long-term trauma and grief, school shootings can have significant consequences for society and the law. There is an urgent need for public health approach to trauma, prevention, and mental health promotion in schools and the whole society.
The Place of Person-Centeredness in Public Mental Health
Authors: Mezzich Juan E.
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Person-centeredness (PC) is emerging as a hallmark of the 21st century, applied to medicine and health and a growing number of fundamental areas of human interest and concern.

Objectives:

The present study aims to conduct a conceptual analysis and a review of the literature on the relationship between the person-centered approach and public mental health (PMH).

Methodology:

The conceptual analysis of the relationship between PC and PMH will involve ontological and epistemological considerations. The review of the literature on such relationship will be conducted with the assistance of Google Scholar focused, first, on the density of pertinent scholarly publications along four periods from 1979 to 2022 and, second, on the thematic content of the recent literature.

Results:

The conceptual analysis showed on several grounds the value of PC for better understanding PMH and for optimizing PMH actions. The review of the literature revealed, first, the sustained growth of number of scientific papers concerning the relationship between PC and PMH along four 11-year periods from 1979 to 2022, strikingly so between the 20th and the 21st centuries. The review of the thematic content of papers published in 2023 revealed the contributions of PC for better understanding of and more effective actions in PMH, along with the identification of promising person-centered methods and procedures.

Discussion:

The findings of the present paper resonate well with major recent statements on identifying important new public health concerns, such as loneliness, and promising health strategies such as the integration of clinical and public health services and the incorporation of person-centered approaches into optimized public health policies.

Conclusions:

The value of person-centered approaches for enhancing PMH has been elucidated and documented. The findings resonate well with recent broad perspectives in health care and public health recommending PC as a key pivot for addressing health and related human and social concerns.
Smartphone Apps for Addictive Disorders
Authors: Khazaal Yasser
Published: February 2024

The use of smartphone apps for addiction treatment has become increasingly popular in recent years. These apps aim to support individuals in their recovery by providing a range of features such as digital brief intervention, assessment and normative feedback, cognitive behavioral therapy and social support networks. Some of the available apps rely on behavior changes theories. Several studies have demonstrated the potential efficacy of smartphone apps for the treatment of addictive disorders. There are also some challenges associated with the use of smartphone apps for addictive disorders such as concerns about the privacy and security of personal data as well as challenges related to drop-out rates in natural settings. Further development are also need for blended integration of such tools with the other services.
The Onslaught of Civilization and Emerging Mental Health Issues
Authors: Malhotra Savita
Published: February 2024

Civilization evolved through 1000 of years as epicenters in several parts of the world and has now become a global civilization. The main pursuits have been for better survival, increased longevity, societal development, peaceful living, and individual development among others. It is also known that the evolution of civilization goes parallel with evolution of brain through continuous processes of adaptation and reorganization of brain functions by gene–environment interactions and epigenetic processes. Thus, civilization has a major impact on brain development and mental health. Current civilization in many ways has come in conflict with the biological objective of survival of the human species. There is value on economic growth and productivity, control and conquering of nature with devastating consequences. Socioeconomic disparities, poverty, inequity in resource distribution and social power, fragmentation of family and communities, individualistic materialistic outlook, lack of psychological anchoring, mindless globalization, climate crisis, and so on are some of the facets that have unleashed a spate of new mental health challenges across the globe. Researches on social determinants of mental illness have shown significant risk factors emanating from one common factor that is civilization. Mental illness is not individually produced and therefore cannot be tackled in silos. It will require whole society's response and systemic approaches beyond the domain of health alone. There is a need to pursue pro-mental health policies at the global societal level to rein in the ever-expanding pool of mentally unwell population.
Safety Concepts for Future Electromechanical Brake
Actuators
Authors: Schrade Simon , Röhler Andreas , Nowak Xi , Verhagen Armin , Schramm Dieter
Published: February 2024

A growing interest in electromechanical brakes (EMB) is discernible in the
automotive industry finding its climax in an announcement of EMB series
production in late 2022 [1]. The
introduction of EMB allows for new design opportunities using distributed
software on smart actuators. However, additional efforts are needed to ensure
continuously high levels of safety even when established design principles in
the brake system are changed.

This article discusses different safety concepts that could potentially be put in
place in EMB actuators. Therefore, safety goals that need to be satisfied by an
actuator are derived. Furthermore, three different degrees of complexity are
differentiated, evolving to different required electronic control units (ECU)
and architectures. Additionally, also the safety of the actuation unit (AU) is
considered to realize a holistic safety concept for the actuator. Finally, a
conclusion is drawn comparing the different investigated concepts.