bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Model on Distributed Denial of Service Attack in the Computer Network
Authors: Rao Yerra Shankar , Rauta Aswin Kumar , Kund Satya Narayan , Sethi Bhagirathi , Behera Jangyadatta
Published: January 2024

In this paper, an electronic- epidemic two-folded mathematical model is formulated with help of non-linear ordinary differential equations. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks in the computer network are studied. The modeling of both attacking nodes and targeting nodes is performed. Botnet based malicious devices and their threats on computer networks are addressed using appropriate parameters. The basic reproduction numbers for both the attacking and the targeting population are calculated and interpreted. Local and global stability analysis is carried out for the infection-free and endemic equilibrium points. Differential equations are solved with the help of the Runge-Kutta 4th order numerical method and graphs are analyzed using MATLAB software. Simulation shows that the success or failure depends on the number of initially infected computers in the attacking group. The proposed model exhibits the phenomenon of backward bifurcation for different values of transmission parameters. This model gives the theoretical base for controlling and predicting the DDoS attack. This shows the way to minimize the attack in the network. This study will be helpful to identify the botnet devices and run the latest version of antivirus in the network to protect against DDoS attacks from attacking sources. The application of this study is to ascertain online crime and locate the attacking nodes in the field of online transactions of real-life problems that involve the internet and computer networking systems. Moreover, our model can play an important role in policy-making against the distributed attack.
Prevalence Reasons of Substance Abuse among Adolescent boys of an Underserved Rural Community of Southern Haryana: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Anil Kumar  , Pawan Goel  , Neeraj Gour  , Abhishek Singh
Published: January 2024

Background: Early initiation of substance abuse is usually associated with a poor prognosis and a more seriousimpact on health, education, familial, or social relationships. Substance abuse may lead to behavioural problems,relationship difficulties and may cause disruption in studies, and even dropping out of school. This study aims toassess prevalence & reasons of substance abuse among adolescent boys (15-19 years) in rural areas of district Nuh.Materials and Methods: Adolescent boys in the age group of 15 -19 years formed the study population. Houseto-house survey was conducted in all the selected villages for data collection. A complete line listing of maleadolescents (15-19 years) was done in each village. Then study subjects were chosen by simple random sampling.A total of 300 respondent eligible study subjects were interviewed to collect information.Results: The prevalence of substance abuse among study subjects was found to be 42%. Tobacco abuse was 36.0%(n=108, both smokeless and smoked), followed by alcohol 2.33% (n=07), opioids & pharmaceutical products 1.33%each (n=4). Of total 126, substance abuser, 77.7% (n=98) have friends who were indulge in substance abuse. Othermajor reasons for substance abuse were to cheer-up (38.1%), and peer pressure (35.7%). 19.8% subjects startedabusing substance after drop in their academic performance.Conclusion: The burden of substance abuse was 42.0% among study subjects. It’s an alarming situation consideringrural area. As the findings pertain to adolescent boys in the age group of 15 -19 years, preventive strategies need tobe strengthened so as to curb this problem before it shows its deleterious effects in later phase of life.
RELATIONS BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND GERMANY: STAGES OF FORMATION OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS
Authors:   University Of World Economy And Diplomacy Master’s Degree Student Of The Faculty Of International Relations, Uzbekistan, Kakhorova Zabarjad
Published: January 2024

Of particular importance are the relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan with countries of the world, diplomatic relations, economic and investment cooperation, relations between countries in the cultural and humanitarian spheres. The Republic of Uzbekistan and the Federal Republic of Germany have one of the most important and complex bilateral relations. Coordination and intensive implementation of the programs of cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the Federal Republic of Germany in political,economic, scientific and technical and cultural spheres, formation of a mutually beneficial atmosphere of trust and interest between Uzbek and German partners, investment of Germany, the main directions, such as creating favorable conditions for the implementation of economic changes in Uzbekistan with the involvement of management experience and technologies, are precisely the factors that indicate the relevance of this topic. The strategic competition they provide is one of the pressing issues of particular importance. The Federal Republic of Germany has taken a strong position in its relations with the Republic of Uzbekistan, working closely with its allies and partners to protect their interests and values. Currently, the policy of the two countries in world politics is taking its toll on other countries.
MORALITY - LEGAL SPECIFICITY, GENERALITY FEATURE
Authors:   Teacher Of Tashkent State Law University, 100047 Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Ibrakhimova Dilorom
Published: January 2024

The primary purpose of law and morality is to advance the interests of individuals, social groups, or society as a whole, and to influence people's behavior. Law and morality are the social norms associated with the problems of the free will of the individual and the responsibility for his actions. The article describes the general and specific aspects of morality and law.
Evolución arquetípica a partir del femvertising. El caso de las Princesas Disney
Authors: Gonzalez Romero Lizbeth , Hernández Torres Ervey Leonel
Published: January 2024

Los arquetipos desempeñan un papel fundamental en la formación del inconsciente colectivo, y generan cambios significativos en la psique de la sociedad. En particular, y gracias a la tendencia del femvertising, las nuevas princesas de Disney proyectan arquetipos poderosos, como el de la reina o la guerrera. Esto contrasta con el arquetipo de la doncella, que solían representar las primeras princesas de la franquicia, marcándose así un cambio generacional en favor del empoderamiento femenino. El presente trabajo establece una clasificación cronológica de las princesas de Disney a través de un análisis semiótico arquetípico. Además, se abordan las características aceptadas y rechazadas generacionalmente en una mujer, y se comparan las princesas con las antagonistas de los cuentos. Las características que alguna vez se consideraron negativas en sus antagonistas han evolucionado para convertirse en atributos y valores positivos que ahora proyectan las nuevas princesas.
El lenguaje humorístico y su mixtura informativa en los contenidos de tres youtubers ecuatorianos
Authors: León Molina María Auxiliadora , Sánchez Vega Nahema
Published: January 2024

En este artículo se analizan los vídeos de los youtubers Felipe Crespo, Leonard Blue, y Logan y Logan, identificando el lenguaje empleado en sus audiovisuales y comprobando cómo lo involucraron en temas noticiosos que circularon durante finales del 2019 e inicios del 2020. En el análisis de contenido de 18 piezas, se examinaron 12 variables que involucran forma y fondo de los productos tales como jerarquía, frecuencia, grado y porcentaje de los niveles del lenguaje; recursos de la edición; vinculación del producto con el humor según el lenguaje y su edición. Como resultado se destaca que los videos priorizan el lenguaje estándar y el subestándar. Es decir, hay un diálogo popular que tiende a ser informal en un 60% de los casos, y también resalta lo vulgar -llega al 48% del tiempo de los videos-, con insultos, términos sexuales y el argot. Estos al vincularse con hechos noticiosos se vuelven humorísticos y se cae en lo soez.
Charros, cholos y chelas. Representación visual de la para-identidad mexicana en las etiquetas de Cerveza Indio
Authors: López-León Ricardo
Published: January 2024

Este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar las formas de representación visual a través de las cuales distintos diseñadores expresan la identidad de diferentes localidades de México, en la edición especial de etiquetas de Cerveza Indio “Barrios de México”. La colección de 150 etiquetas conforma una para-identidad mexicana, pues representa visualmente espacios identitarios y prácticas culturales alternativos a la identidad nacional cimentada en el pasado prehispánico de México. Primeramente, se describen los antecedentes de la cerveza y la coyuntura nacionalista, perspectiva ideológica del siglo XX que tomó auge después de la Revolución Mexicana, en la que se difundió al indio prehispánico como figura identitaria unificadora. En segundo lugar, se muestran algunas etiquetas que representan edificaciones, estereotipos, trajes típicos, artesanías y paisajes, entre otros elementos. Finalmente, se identifica como valor de la colección la perspectiva pluricultural de la identidad mexicana construida de forma colaborativa, y alejada de las ideologías impuestas y difundidas por el Estado.
Arte e ingeniería. Modelos de trabajo colaborativo en Argentina y Estados Unidos durante la década del sesenta
Authors: Adler Jazmín
Published: January 2024

El artículo analiza el papel sustancial desempeñado por las convergencias del arte y la ingeniería durante la década del sesenta del pasado siglo, con el objetivo de examinar los modelos de trabajo colaborativo e interdisciplinario impulsados por distintas instituciones de la época. Mediante una investigación de tipo cualitativo, que comprendió el relevamiento y estudio de diversas fuentes documentales, el escrito fundamenta que las coyunturas socio- políticas que incentivaron dichas confluencias disciplinarias, a partir del trabajo conjunto entre artistas, ingenieros y científicos, presentaron características disímiles. Para inquirir estas diferencias, el artículo focaliza en dos casos de estudio: Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.) en los Estados Unidos, y el Centro de Arte y Comunicación (CAyC) en la Argentina.
Numerical simulation of integrating an air conditioner with an evaporative air cooler
Authors: Mumtaz Haider , Hammdi Salman
Published: January 2024

During the summer, air conditioning is increasingly used in commercial and residential structures to provide thermal comfort. The elevated condenser pressure caused by high ambient temperatures has led to a significant increase in electricity consumption in dry, hot climates. Therefore, this article presents the results of a numerical simulation investigation into the feasibility of enhancing the performance of a conventional air conditioning unit by applying a direct evaporative cooling system. The objective is to increase the cooling capacity while decreasing power consumption. The program used a small window-type air conditioner configured to simulate various weather conditions. The numerical findings indicate that incorporating evaporative cooling aids improved the system's ability to overcome numerous obstacles, resulting in a 10–20% increase in refrigeration capacity. Additionally, power consumption was reduced by approximately 3%, and the discharge temperature fell by 6–10°C. The predicted mean vote standard (PMV) for thermal conditions for human occupants yielded favorable outcomes (normal-type). Despite the challenging climate conditions prevailing during the five sweltering summer months, water production demonstrated good results, particularly in September.
НАЗВАНИЯ ОРГАНОВ И ЧАСТЕЙ ТЕЛА ЧЕЛОВЕКА… В ПАМЯТНИКАХ, НАПИСАННЫХ НА ХОРЕЗМИЙСКО-ТЮРКСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors: Мамедова Афаг Джабраил кызы
Published: January 2024

Лексические единицы тюркского происхождения подверглись влиянию разных языков, подчиняясь требованиям истории и времени. Однако существует группа слов, которые смогли сохранить свою функциональность в литературном языке и диалектах различных тюркских языков до современности. Это слова, которые впитались в тюркский лексикон, потому как с детства в устном разговоре звучали на родном языке. Например, термины родства, блюд, продуктов питания, животных, растений и т. д. можно отнести к наиболее устойчивой группе лексических единиц. Органы и части тела человека также можно отнести к этому разряду. Как известно, лексемы персидского и арабского происхождения оказали существенное влияние на лексику тюркских языков и вызвали архаизацию большого количества исконных слов. Но в тюркских исторических письменных памятниках некоторые слова тюркского происхождения, несмотря на вытеснения, еще долгое время употреблялись параллельно с арабскими и персидскими лексемами. Некоторые слова, которые использовались параллельно, закрепились в разных тюркских языках в результате процесса естественного отбора, и, таким образом, постепенно определялись нормы литературных тюркских языков.

Большинство терминов тюркского происхождения, употребленных в памятниках, написанных на хорезмско-тюркском языке и являющихся предметом нашего исследования, также присутствуют во многих современных тюркских языках с незначительными фонетическими отличиями, но наряду с этим можно отметить и некоторые архаизмы. В то же время проведенное исследование помогло получить более подробную информацию о фонетике хорезмско-тюркского языка, так как слова, демонстрирующие фонетическое варьирование в памятниках (а их достаточно много), отражают языковые особенности разных тюркских племен.
СПОСОБЫ УКАЗАНИЯ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕКА ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНО ОРИЕНТИРОВ РАЗНОГО ТИПА… В ТУРЕЦКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors: Напольнова Елена Марковна
Published: January 2024

Единообразная для носителей общего языка пространственная ориентация является одним из условий адекватной коммуникации, и способы вербализации пространственных отношений в разных языках на протяжении длительного времени являются предметом исследования. С целью определения особенностей стратегии указания на положение объекта-человека относительно разных типов ориентиров в турецком языке было проведено анкетирование 20 носителей турецкого языка с использованием схематических изображений и фотографий реальных лиц и реальных ситуаций. В целом в отношении разных типов ориентиров может использоваться как дейктическая, так инедейктическая стратегии. В отношении ориентира-человека наблюдаются существенные расхождения между молодыми людьми и респондентами старшего возраста. В отношении крупных самодвижущихся автоориентированных ориентиров (автомобиль) более приоритетна недейктическая стратегия, в отношении неподвижных неавтоориентированных ориентиров-артефактов и натурфактов (стол, дерево), а также неподвижныхавтоориентированных ориентиров-артефактов (ворота) – дейктическая. В целом для языкового сознания носителей турецкого языка более важной является фронтальная ось и положение объекта между наблюдателем и ориентиром или позади ориентира. Противопоставление слева-справа обычно оказывается не столь важным. Наблюдаетсябольшее предпочтение недейктической стратегии молодыми людьми и дейктической – респондентами старшего возраста.
ПРОБЛЕМА ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ЛАКУНАРНОСТИ В МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ БЕЗЭКВИВАЛЕНТНОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ ХАКАССКОГО ЯЗЫКА)
Authors: Абдина Раиса Петровна
Published: January 2024

В статье приводится краткий анализ использования хакасской безэквивалентной лексики в русском языке. Освоение такой лексики осуществляется на графическом, фонетическом, грамматическом, семантическом уровнях. На сегодняшний день не разработана четкая система обозначения безэквивалентной лексики хакасского языка средствами русского алфавита, в связи с чем возникают и трудности ее фонетического освоения. Некоторые подобные лексические единицы, попадая в русский язык, подстраиваются под его грамматическую систему.
Evaluation of Waste Management Policy Formulation: Case Study of Implementation of Tomohon Mayor Regulation Number 30 of 2019
Authors: Rumajar Nofellina S.U. , Mamentu Michael , Egeten Maxi M. , Pioh Novie R. , Niode Burhan
Published: January 2024

Waste is one of the many urgent problems to be resolved by local governments. Various regulations have been established. However, in its implementation it is faced with various obstacles. Failure in a policy is not only seen from the implementation aspect. However, it can also be studied from the formulation aspect. Researchers examined the Waste Management Policy Formulation by the Tomohon City Government. With the focus of the study on the policy formulation process, examine and analyze why the presence of Tomohon Mayor Regulation Number 30 of 2019 has not succeeded in overcoming the problem of waste accumulation and management at the Tomohon City Waste Final Processing Site located in Taratara Village. The research design used is qualitative. The research findings were that the problem analysis stage did not work because the preparation of Jakstrada only followed directions from the center through the pocket book for the preparation of Jakstrada which is a derivative of Jakstranas without any research or problem identification process. The development of measures process which is lacking in deepening the problem results in not maximizing the measurement of situations or conditions to formulate appropriate policies. The determination of impacts process was not carried out to estimate the level of success of the policies made. Budgeting problems were discovered which resulted in the policies that had been set not being able to run according to what was set and required in the waste management process.
Social Impact and Actions of Sam Ratulangi University Batak Students on Using the TikTok Application: A Study of Social Media Culture
Authors: Rahel Rahel , Goni Shirley Y.V.I. , Tasik Femmy C.M.
Published: January 2024

The development of information technology has had an impact on people's lives, including in terms of culture. Tikto is an application developed through the use of information technology. Tiktok, which is social media, is used by all people, including students. This research was conducted to examine the Social Media Culture of the Tiktok Application among Batak Students at Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi Province. Qualitative design was used in this research. Research findings on the use of the TikTok application among Batak students at Sam Ratulangi University are actions that have become ingrained in their social life. The TikTok application has a positive and negative impact on the lives of Batak students at Sam Ratulangi University where their concentration is divided with other activities. However, overall, it does not affect the learning achievement of Batak students at Sam Ratulangi University, especially the informants. Tiktok becomes a unifier in their social life. The negative impact of using the Tiktok application is that you often lose track of time, become addicted, don't pay attention to your health and many more, use it in the wrong way or have crossed the line so that negative videos appear.
Analysis of Employee Performance at the Bahu Subdistrict Office: Study on Aspects of Quality, Quantity, Timeliness, Effectiveness and Work Independence
Authors: Rambulangi Vanessa , Tampi Jony. R.E , Tulusan Femmy M. G.
Published: January 2024

The sub-district government is a work unit that directly serves the community. The inability of employees to carry out each work program is a reflection of their achievements, performance and service. This research was conducted to determine the performance of employees at the Bahu Village Office, Malalayang District, Manado City. The research design used is qualitative. The research findings show that the performance of employees in the Shoulder sub-district office is generally good in terms of work quality, work quantity, effectiveness, punctuality and work independence. This success cannot be separated from the quality of the employees and the system that has been developed through applicable regulations, the leadership style of the sub-district head and the work culture that has been developed in the Bahu sub-district office. There were also several complaints about employee discipline that still needed to be improved. Therefore, training is needed to increase the capability of officers in serving the community and mastering information technology. In order to increase the quantity of work by employees, it is recommended to create applications for community service. To optimize service time, it is necessary to increase work discipline and to measure performance through monthly or quarterly reports by superiors to sub-district employees so that employee work independence can be seen.
The Influence of Sports Habits on Stress Levels of Medical Faculty Students in Surakarta City
Authors: Alif Fahran Fadillah  , Dodik Nursanto
Published: January 2024

Stress is a problem in everyday life that is familiar to everyone, especially medical students. Exercise can reduce stress and improve mental health. If exercise is carried out routinely and regularly, it can reduce the activity of the sympathetic nerves and hypothalamic pituitary adrenals. This study aims to determine the effect of exercise habits on stress levels in students at the Faculty of Medicine in Surakarta City. The research used an analytical observational design with a cross sectional approach, with a sample size of 136 respondents consisting of 4 groups/generations. This research uses observation, interviews and questionnaires. Obtaining data from direct interviews with several students who were samples from this research was to identify exercise habits with the IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) which were classified into 3, namely light, moderate, high and the level of stress experienced by students using the KPDS (Kessler questionnaire Psychological Distress Scale). The research results were tested using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient test. The results of the research show that there is an influence of exercise habits on the stress levels of Medical Faculty students, with a value of sig. (1-tailed) is 0.009, this value is smaller than the critical limit α = 0.01 (0.009 < 0.01), meaning there is a significant relationship or influence between exercise habits and stress levels.
Exploring of Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) for Solving Spread of COVID-19
Authors: Nasution Hamidah , Mulyono Mulyono , Surbakti Nurul Maulida , BR Sihaholo Ruth Salisa
Published: January 2024

This article discusses the solution to the non-linear differential equation system for the spread of COVID19 with SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, Recovered) model using the Homotopy Perturbation Method. Specifically, this article examines the impact of moving the recovered subpopulation back to the susceptible subpopulation on the spread of COVID-19 in the city of Medan. The data used is real data for the city of Medan in 2021. The results of constructing a model for the spread of COVID-19 were analyzed to obtain a disease-free critical point. By using the Next Generation Matrix method, the Basic Reproduction number R0 = 4.61 is obtained, this indicates that COVID-19 is still possible to spread in Medan City. Simulations using the Homotopy Perturbation Method numerical approach and the results compared with the Runge Kutte Order 4 method show results that accurately describe the dynamics of the spread of COVID-19 in Medan City. The very small error indicates that the Homotopy Perturbation Method is very suitable for use in solving non-linear differential equation systems, especially in the SEIRS model of the spread of COVID-19. The simulation results show that the impact of the movement of recovered sub-populations to susceptible sub-populations results in accelerated transmission of COVID-19. The greater the number of movements higher the rate of spread of COVID-19.
DEEP RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS IN ENERGY DEMAND FORECASTING: A CASE STUDY OF KAZAKHSTAN'S ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION
Authors: Kabdygali Samat , Omirgaliyev Ruslan , Tursynbayev Timur , Kayisli Korhan , Zhakiyev Nurkhat
Published: January 2024

The critical transformation of the energy sector demands innovative approaches to ensure the reliability and efficiency of energy systems. In this pursuit, this study delved into the potential of Deep Recurrent Neural Networks (DRNNs) for forecasting energy demand, using a comprehensive dataset detailing Kazakhstan's electrical consumption over a span of two years. Traditional statistical models have historically played a role in energy demand prediction, but the growing intricacy of the energy landscape calls for more advanced solutions. The paper presented a comparison of the DRNN with other traditional and machine learning models and highlighted the superior performance of DRNNs, especially in capturing complex temporal relationships.
The energy sector is confronting unprecedented challenges due to population growth and the integration of diverse energy sources, leading to increased demand and system strains. Accurate energy demand prediction is essential for system reliability. Traditional models, though widely used, often overlook intricate variables like weather patterns and temporal factors. Through rigorous methodology, encompassing exploratory data analysis, feature engineering, and hyperparameter optimization, an optimized DRNN model was developed. The results demonstrated the DRNN's exceptional capability in processing complex time-series data, as evidenced by its attainment of an R-squared value of 83.6%. Additionally, it achieved Mean Absolute Errors and Root Mean Squared Errors of less than 2%. However, there were noticeable deviations in some predictions, suggesting areas for refinement. This research underscores the significance of DRNNs in energy demand prediction, highlighting their advantages over traditional models while also noting the need for ongoing optimization. The findings underscore DRNN's promise as a robust forecasting tool, pivotal for the energy sector's future resilience and efficiency.
In Vitro study identified the molecular response to selumetinib in colorectal cancer HT-29
Authors:   Melinh General hospital, Trinh Thi Hai , Le Van Thu ,   Hanoi University of Public Health, Ngo Van Lang ,   Hanoi University of Public Health, Nguyen Phuong Thoa ,   Hanoi University of Public Health, Duong Hong Quan ,   Hanoi University of Public Health
Published: January 2024

Objectives: 1) To evaluate the changes of Selumetinib-resistant CR HT-29/SR cells to Selumetinib, compared with the original HT-29/P cells and 2) To determine molecular characterization in selumetinib-resistant CR HT-29/SR cells compared with the original HT-29/P cells. Methods: Generation of resistant cells, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS), cologenic formation and Western blot assays were used to determine the ability of Selumetinib response at the molecular level of the Selumetinib-resistant HT-29/SR cells compared to the original HT-29 cells. Results: Compared to the original HT-29/P cells, the higher proliferation rate of the Selumetinib-resistant HT-29/SR cells, demonstrated by the results of MTS and cologenic formation assay. Furthermore, the signaling levels MAPK at Y202/T204 and AKT1/2 at S473 in the Selumetinib-resistant HT-29/SR cells were higher, compared to those in the original HT-29/P cells. In particular, the expression levels of E-Cadherin, Vimentin, and Caveolin-1 in the Selumetinib-resistant HT-29/SR cells and the original HT-29/P cells were significantly different. Compared to the original HT-29/P cells, the expression levels of Vimentin and Caveolin-1 were higher and the expression levels of E-Cadherin were lower in the Selumetinib-resistant HT-29/SR cells. Conclusion: Initial determination of the molecular response of the Selumetinib-resistant HT-29/SR cells compared to the original HT-29/P cells through the signaling pathway of MAPK and AKT and the expression levels of Caveolin-1 biomarker. Key words: Selumetinib; Colorectal cancer; HT-29 cells; Drug response; Drug resistance; In vitro.
The current situation for continuous medical education (CME) of nurses at 199 Hospital, Da Nang in the period of 2020 – 2022
Authors:   199 Hospital, Le Thi Phuong Thao , Quach Huu Trung ,   199 Hospital, Pham Quynh Anh ,   Hanoi University of Public Health, Bui Thi My Anh ,   Hanoi Medical University
Published: January 2024

A cross-sectional descriptive study, combining quantitative and qualitative methods was conduct to describe the current situation and the need for continuous medical education (CME) of nurses at 199 Hospital in the period of 2020 - 2022. Quantitative research on questionnaires on 219 nurses, qualitative research conducted 03 in-depth interviews with management subjects and 04 nursing group discussions. The percentage of nurses participating in continuous education in professional care for patients and performing nursing techniques is still low, less than 50%. The lowest is taking care of dying patients and deceased ones (30.6% in 2022). Current status of continuous education for nurses during the Covid-19 epidemic, the lowest percentage is Telenursing (43.8% in 2021). About other fields, the lowest is scientific research at 26% (2022). In conclusion, the percentage of nurses participating in nursing practice is still low in 2020-2021, and the demand for nursing training in nursing is not high in 2022 and the following years, only high for some management positions. The study makes recommendations to encourage nurses to participate in CME courses to achieve 100% rate. Keywords: Nurses, continuing medical education, hospital.
Stress of the mothers in caring for children with developmental disabilities and some related factors
Authors:   Center for Sustainable Health Development, Le Quang Duong , Luu Tien Kien ,   Center for Sustainable Health Development, Pham Duc Vien ,   Center for Sustainable Health Development, Quach Hong Nhung ,   Center for Sustainable Health Development, Tran Huu Bich ,   Center for Sustainable Health Development
Published: January 2024

Objective: to determine the stress status of mothers in caring for children with intellectual disabilities from 4-9 years old and survey some related factors in order to design an intervention program to improve maternal stress. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was implemented in May 2022 in Phuoc Long district, Binh Phuoc province on a sample of all 55 mothers of children with developmental disabilities (4-9 years old) who were screened and diagnosed by interdisciplinary approach in locality. The Parenting Stress Index (PSI) was used to collect information from mothers in a self-completed form. The t-test and linear regression was used to compare and find the association of the stress levels with the independent variables. Results: The mean total PSI score of mothers was 97.2. Maternal stress was associated with level of disability and time of continuous care in univariate analysis and linear regression. Conclusion: The focus of the intervention program can be considered to target groups of mothers with children with more severe disabilities and older age groups in order to improve the effectiveness of the intervention program towards improving the stress status of mothers. Keywords: Stress, children with intellectual disabilities, PSI, maternal health.
Actual situation of financial revenue and expenditure at Khanh Son district general hospital, Khanh Hoa province in the period 2016-2020
Authors:   Khanh Son district general hospital, Khanh Hoa province, Ho Ngoc Gia , Nguyen Quynh Anh ,   Hanoi University of Public Health
Published: January 2024

Objective: To study the situation of financial revenue and expenditure at Khanh Son district general hospital, Khanh Hoa province in the period 2016 - 2020. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study design combined with quantitative research (retrospective secondary data through annual hospital financial reports). Results: Hospital revenue tends to increase in the period 2016-2020. Total revenue: VND 14,123 million, VND 16,954 million, VND 16,393 million, VND 18,325 million, VND 15,937 million for the years from 2016 to 2020. Hospital expenditure tends to increase slightly in the period 2016-2020, in which: Total expenditure: 14,877 million VND, 15,978 million VND, 16,205 million VND, 16,796 million VND, 12,734 million VND for the years from 2016 to 2020. The difference in revenue and expenditure of the hospital tends to increase with the total amount difference times. respectively – 753,788 million VND, 976,182 million VND, 188,343 million VND, 1,528,701 million VND and 3,202,545 million VND respectively for the years 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020. Funding tended to decrease from 329,701 million dong in 2016 reduced to 294.0 million dong in 2020. Conclusion: In the period 2016 - 2020, the total revenue of the hospital tends to increase, the total expenditure of the hospital also tends to increase lower than the trend of increasing total revenue, leading to an increase in the difference between the hospital's revenue and expenditure. year by year. However, the results of the hospital's fund setting tended to decrease, especially the deduction for bonus, welfare and additional income funds. Keywords: Actual situation of financial revenue and expenditure, Khanh Son District General Hospital
Stress, anxiety, depression and related factors among students at Thot Not High school, Can Tho City in 2022
Authors:   Thot Not District Medical Center, Can Tho City, Ha Thi Kim Hoang , Nguyen Thuy Linh ,   Hanoi University of Public Health, Do Manh Hung ,   Hanoi University of Public Health, Le Tu Hoang ,   Hanoi University of Public Health
Published: January 2024

Objective: Describe of stress, anxiety, depression and related factors in students of Thot Not high school, Can Tho city in 2022. Methods: A cross-sectional study, combined with quantitative methods, was conducted from October 2021 to August 2022 on 923 students of Thot Not High School, Can Tho Ctiy, who were presented at the time of the study. In the study, students participated in completing self-completed questionnaires and the DASS-21 scale. Results: In 923 students participating in the study, the results showed that the rates of stress, anxiety and depression disorders were: 40.4%; 58.9%; 48.1%. Stress, anxiety, depression are related to student characteristics (smoking, alcohol use, sports); marital status and parental care (p < 0.05); learning pressure, online learning methods, relationships with friends (p < 0.05); feeling isolated, depressed when social distancing; when suffering from COVID-19 and being stigmatized (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The rate of stress, anxiety and depression among students at Thot Not High School is high, mental health problems are related to personal, parents, school and environmental - social factors. Therefore, there is a need for constructive intervention programs that combine parents, school, society and the students themselves. Keywords: Stress, anxiety, depression, DASS-21, Can Tho
Examining patient care activities at Khanh Hoa Provincial General Hospital before and after Covid 19 Outbreak
Authors:   Eastern International University, Le Tan Phung , Phan Huu Chinh ,   Khanh Hoa Provincial General Hospital, Tran Bao Anh ,   Khanh Hoa Provincial General Hospital
Published: January 2024

Objectives: To analyze and compare the performance indicators of Khanh Hoa Provincial General Hospital before and after the Covid 19 outbreak from January 2019 to June 2022. Methodology: Data were extracted from the Ministry of Health website designed for reporting hospital indicators, using monthly Excel-formed reports of the Hospital. Data were then transformed to R format to analyze using R programming version 4.1.2. Total patient visits, inpatient admissions, surgery, reference, and laboratory and imaging data were analyzed. Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare related medians for three-year period, 2019-2021, and the first six months of two years 2021 and 2022, respectively. Boxplots were created to visually compare related variables. Results: Compared with the year 2019, number of patient visits in 2020 and 2021 were significantly decreased by 11.2% and 32.9%, respectively. Similar statistically significant decrease was also observed in number of admissions by 9.3% and 23.1% in the years of 2020 and 2021. However, number of surgeries performed was slightly decreased and not statistically significant. Furthermore, all kind of imaging and laboratory procedures in three years were even increased although not yet significant. Conclusions: Main hospital statistics, patient visits and admissions, have been significantly decreased during the Covid 19 outbreak. There was still no indication of recovery in the first six months of the year 2022. However, surgery performance and imaging and laboratory statistics were not affected during pandemic time. Key words: Covid 19, outbreak, Khanh Hoa, patient visit, admission.
Financial report of the Medical Center of Dak Glong District, Dak Nong Province, from 2018 to 2021
Authors:   Department of Health of Dak Nong province, Huynh Thanh Huynh , Nguyen Quynh Anh ,   Hanoi Medical University
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The study was conducted to describe the status of financial revenue and expenditure at the Dak Glong District Health Center, Dak Nong Province from 2018 to 2021. Method: A cross-sectional study used retrospective secondary data from this health center's financial reports. Results: Research results showed that the total revenue of the center increased in the period 2018-2021, with non-business revenue accounted for from 42 to 65,9% of the total revenue each year. Revenue from hospital fees and health insurance accounted for a high proportion of 97%-99% of the total non-business revenue. The total expenditure of the center increased in the period 2018-2021. Frequent expenditure contributes the highest proportion of all, making up for more than 90%, while expenditure on major repairs and procurement of fixed assets accounts for a relatively low proportion, ranging from 4 to 4. 7% of total spending per year. Personal consumption expenditure accounts for more than 50% of the total recurrent expenditure at the center and witnesses the upward trend each year. Conclusions: In the period of 2018-2021, the differences between revenue and expenditure of the center increased but was not stable. The center has made appropriations for funds, the total amount of funds has tended to increase but is not stable, due to autonomously finance management, especially after the merger, with a variety of mechanisms and policies, along with the situation of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020-2021. These altogether causes certain challenges for the center in balancing the revenue and expenditure. Key words: Financial revenue and expenditure, The Medical Center of Dak Glong District.
Anti-inflammatory activity of extract from Panax Pseudoginseng in macrophage cells
Authors:   Pathology and Molecular Biology Center, National Cancer Hospital K, Vietnam, Vuong Dieu Linh , Nguyen Ngoc Quang ,   Pathology and Molecular Biology Center, National Cancer Hospital K, Vietnam, Truong Van Long ,   Department of Smart Food and Drug, Inje University, Korea
Published: January 2024

Background: Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, obesity and cancer. Thus, in the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of extract from Panax pseudoginseng (PCE) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Materials and methods: The cells were pretreated with PCE (10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) for 1 h and then treated with LPS 1 μg/mL for an additional 12 h. The concentration of nitric oxide (NO) cell culture media was measured according to the Griess method and protein expression was determined using Western blotting. Results: The results showed that PCE treatment decreased LPS-induced NO production in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, PCE inhibited the protein expression of enzymes as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines such as inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Especially, 100 μg/mL of PCE exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects on these proteins expression. Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest that PCE may be a potent therapeutic agent for the prevention and/or treatment of inflammation-associated diseases. Keywords: Anti-inflammation, Panax pseudoginseng, RAW 264.7 macrophages
Nutritional status in type 2 diabetes patients at National hospital of Endocrinology in 2022
Authors:   Hanoi Medical University, Nguyen Phuong Thao , Bui Thi Cam Tra ,   Hanoi Medical University, Lang Thi Truc Quynh ,   Hanoi Medical University, Nguyen Hai Duong ,   Hanoi Medical University, Tran Thi Cam Ly ,   Hanoi Medical University, Pham Ngoc Duyen ,   Hanoi Medical University, Le Xuan Hung ,   Hanoi Medical University, Nguyen Trong Hung ,   National Nutrition Institute
Published: January 2024

Objective: To describe the nutritional status of patients with type 2 diabetes at the National Hospital of Endocrinology in 2022. Methods: Cross-sectional study, interviews by direct questionnaire on 203 patients with type 2 diabetes at the National Hospital of Endocrinology from 10 to 12/2022. 203 patients were female, accounting for 54.2%, the mean age was 62.1(±12.4). The percentage of high waist circumference according to BMI group (CED, normal, overweight, obese) was 0%, 45.3%, 65.9% and 92.9%, respectively. The ratio of waist circumference/height according to BMI group (CED, normal, overweight, obese) was 38.5%, 85.3%, 90.2% and 94.7%, respectively. The ratio of waist circumference/height according to BMI group (CED, normal, overweight, obese) this difference is statistically significant with p<0.05. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the diet, to have a reasonable weight loss plan for hunger, physical activity, physical education and counseling to maintain the indicators in the normal range. Overweight/obesity is common among study subjects, overweight/obesity rate is higher in women than in men.
Direct medical costs of inpatients with diabetes at the endocrinology department of Tien Giang Central General Hospital in 2022
Authors:   Tien Giang Central General Hospital, Tran Thi Ngoc Suong , Nguyen Quynh Anh ,   Hanoi University of Public Health
Published: January 2024

The study describe the direct medical costs of diabetic inpatients at the Department of Endocrinology at Tien Giang General Hospital in 2022. The research method is cross-sectional descriptive, review medical records and payment slips of 384 patients with diabetes at the Department of Endocrinology who were discharged. Data were analyzed using Excel with mean, median, maximum, minimum and standard deviation. The results showed that the total cost of one treatment session of an inpatient diabetes patient average was 4,476,407 (± 3,982,110) VND. Cost of day/bed accounted for 42.2%; drugs 26.7%; testing 15.6%; surgical procedures 7.7%; diagnostic imaging 5.9%; Consumables 1.9%. The cost of diabetes with kidney complications increased 2.1 times, foot infections increased 4.3 times, and increased 5 times when complications with foot infections and comorbidities were combined. To contribute to reducing the economic burden for patients, it is necessary to strengthen inpatient and outpatient management of diabetes, control foot infections and kidney complications, and strengthen communication and education to increase the patient's knowledge in treatment adherence and prevention of complications.
Detection Sensitivities from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search
Authors: Wittenmyer Robert A.
Published: January 2024

Our understanding of the occurrence rates and demographics of long-period planets depends critically on data from legacy radial-velocity surveys with the long-term sensitivity to Jupiter-like planets in Jupiter-like orbits. A recent paper presented such an analysis for giant planets (m sin i > 0.3 M
J) from the now-completed Anglo-Australian Planet Search. In this work, I deliver the detailed detection sensitivities for all 203 individual stars in that study, as a function of orbital periods from 100 to 6000 days. We present these data as a companion to Wittenmyer et al.
Predatory activities require coordinated action by publisher’ and editors’ organizations: a case report
Authors: van Loon A.J. (Tom)
Published: January 2024

Background: Scientists are confronted nowadays with a tsunami of requests by preda-tory journals to contribute.

Objectives: To inform potential authors, readers, reviewers, and editors of scien-tific articles about the ever-growing flow of low-quality publications and their neg-ative consequences, based on the author’s personal experience and on scrutiny of more than 360 invitations, received over 4 months, from journals to contribute a manuscript.

Methods: The requests to contribute a manuscript received by the author during 4 months were analysed for the characteristics of the journals and publishers issuing the invitations.

Results: A total of 368 requests were received during 4 months (123 days), on average 3 per day, from a total of 216 journals. Of these, 164 (~76%) were no more than 10 years old, and 129 of the 162 journals (~80%) that sent an invitation to contribute have no editor-in-chief; for 12 journals (~7%), the starting year could not be ascertained. Many journals are not located where they claim to be (typically the UK or the United States) but rather in countries such as India and Singapore. Slightly more than half of 216 journals (~54%) deal with medical matters.

Conclusions: Predatory journals pose a severe threat to the quality of scientific infor-mation, which is why attempts should be made to stop them. A proposal to prepare an indisputable alternative for Beall’s List of potentially predatory journals is presented.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Continuum of Disease and Strategies for Prediction, Early Intervention, and Prevention
Authors: O’Neil Liam J. , Alpízar-Rodríguez Deshiré , Deane Kevin D.
Published: January 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known to include a pre-RA stage that can be defined as the presence of familial or genetic risk factors, biomarker abnormalities (eg, anticitrullinated protein antibodies [ACPA]), symptoms, and even abnormal imaging findings prior to the development of the onset of clinical RA with inflammatory arthritis that is apparent on physical examination. Indeed, there are multiple completed or ongoing retrospective case-control as well as prospective observational studies to identify the key biologic drivers of disease. Further, building on the predictive ability of combinations of biomarkers, symptoms, and imaging for future RA, there are multiple clinical trials completed, underway, or in development to identify approaches that may prevent, delay, or ameliorate future clinical RA in at-risk individuals. Importantly, however, although an effective preventive intervention has not yet been identified, at-risk individuals are being increasingly identified in clinical care; this presents a challenge of how to manage these individuals in clinical practice. This review will discuss the current understanding of the biology and natural history of RA development, nomenclature, and current models for prediction of future RA, as well as evaluate the current and ongoing clinical prevention trials with the overall goal to provide insights into the challenges and opportunities in the field of RA prevention. Moreover, this review will provide up-to-date options for clinical management of individuals at risk for RA.