bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Platelet-like cells differentiated from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote healing of tendinopathy in rats
Authors: Yamada Yuichi , Torii Akiko , Uruga Yukako , Sato Yuiko , Matsubara Yumiko , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Sato Kazuki , Miyamoto Takeshi
Published: April 2024

Tendon and ligament disorders, such as tendinopathy, cause pain and limit levels of activities of daily living. Thus, devising methods to heal them is crucial. Although treatment with autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) is reportedly useful against tendon injury, PRP requires blood sampling and its quality varies. Here we show that platelet-like cells (ASCL-PLCs) derived from a heterologous human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell line(ASCL) promote significant tendon repair in a collagenase-induced injury model in rat Achilles tendons. Single administration of human ASCL-PLCs to rat Achilles tendon after 2 weeks of collagenase treatment significantly increased tendon strength and improved semi-quantitative histological evaluation scores in 4 weeks relative to PBS-treated controls. Moreover, xeno-graft reactions were not evident in ASCL-PLC-administered rats. In vitro, ASCL-PLC treatment significantly upregulated Col1a1 gene expression in NIH3T3 fibroblasts and activated ERK signaling. Overall, ASCL-PLC could serve as a useful tool to repair injured tendons and treat tendinopathy via an approach does not require blood sampling, is of consistent quality, allows xeno-transplantation, and increases injured tendon strength.
Investigating the effect of ferric ion on crosslinking of XNBR at higher content
Authors: Wajge Suraj W. , Das Chayan
Published: April 2024

Metal-ligand coordinated cross-linked polymer composites, have been recognized as promising candidates to address the shortcomings of conventional cross-linked composites. In this report, we present how the carboxylic functional group of carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) is exploited to coordinate with ferric ions (Fe3+), resulting in a cross-linked rubber composite via a simple but efficient approach. FeCl3 content could be reached as high as 30 mmol, for a practically usable composite, by judiciously employing a tertiary aliphatic amine viz. triethylamine, TEA that is otherwise not possible. The development of metal-ligand assisted cross-links in the XNBR matrix is established by rheological and swelling studies. The cross-linking mechanism and ferric-carboxylate interaction are investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Strong and favorable ferric-carboxylate interaction leads to adequate improvement of mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the composite.
Conservation Challenges: Climate and Land Use/Land Cover Changes Increasing Habitat Overlap Among Endangered Crested Ibis and Sympatric Egret‎/‎Heron Species
Authors: Tuohetahong Yilamujiang , Lu Ruyue , Guo Ruiyan , Gan Feng , Zhao Fuyue , Ding Sheng , Jin Saisai , Cui Huifang , Niu Kesheng , Wang Chao , Duan Wenbing , Ye Xinping , Yu Xiaoping
Published: April 2024

Climate and land use/land cover (LULC) changes have far-reaching effects on various biological processes in wildlife, particularly interspecific interactions. Unfortunately, interspecific interactions are often overlooked when assessing the impacts of environmental changes on endangered species. In this study, we analyzed niche similarities and habitat overlaps among wild Crested Ibis and sympatric Egret and Heron species (EHs) in Shaanxi, China. We aimed to forecast potential alterations in habitat overlaps due to climate and LULC changes. The results showed that although EHs possess a broader niche breadth compared to the Crested Ibis, they still share certain niche similarities, as indicated by Schoener’s D and Hellinger’s I values exceeding 0.5, respectively. An intriguing observation is that despite the differing degrees of habitat reduction for each species, the shared habitat area of all six species expands with the changes in climate and LULC. We suggest that with the climate and LULC changes, the habitats of sympatric EHs are likely to suffer varying degrees of destruction, forcing them to seek refuge and migrate to the remaining wild Ibis habitat. This is primarily due to the effective conservation efforts in the Crested Ibis habitat in Yangxian County and neighboring areas. Consequently, due to the niche similarity, they will share and compete for limited habitat resources, including food and space. Therefore, we recommend that conservation efforts extend beyond protecting the Crested Ibis habitat. It is crucial to control human activities that contribute to LULC changes to safeguard the habitats of both Crested Ibis and other sympatric birds.
Recessive variants in MYO1C as a potential novel cause of proteinuric kidney disease
Authors: Elmubarak Izzeldin , Shril Shirlee , Mansour Bshara , Bao Aaron , Kolvenbach Caroline , Desoky Sherif El , shalaby mohamed , Kari Jameela , Hildebrandt Friedhelm , Schneider Ronen
Published: April 2024

Background: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome is the second leading cause of chronic kidney disease among patients <25 years of age. Through whole exome sequencing, identification of >65 monogenic causes has rendered insights into disease mechanisms of nephrotic syndrome.
Methods: To elucidate novel monogenic causes of NS, we combined homozygosity mapping with ES in a worldwide cohort of 1649 pediatric patients with NS.
Results: We identified homozygous missense variants in MYO1C in two unrelated children with nephrotic syndrome (c.292C>T, p.R98W; c.2273 A>T, p.K758M). We evaluated publicly available kidney single-cell RNA sequencing datasets and found MYO1Cto be predominantly expressed in podocytes. We then performed structural modeling in molecular viewer PyMol using the super function aligning shared regions within both partial structures of MYO1C (4byf and 4r8g). In both structures, calmodulin, a common regulator of myosin activity, is shown to bind to the IQ motif. At both residue sites (K758; R98), there are ion-ion interactions stabilizing intradomain and ligand interactions: R98 binds to nearby D220 within the Myosin Motor Domain and K758 binds to E14 on a calmodulin molecule. Variants of these charged residues to non-charged amino acids could ablate these ionic interactions, weakening protein structure and function establishing the impact of these variants.
Conclusion: We here identified recessive variants in MYO1C as a potential novel cause of nephrotic syndrome in children.
Theoretical Study of Adsorption Properties and CO Oxidation Reaction on Surfaces of Higher Tungsten Boride
Authors: Radina Aleksandra D. , Baidyshev Viktor S. , Chepkasov Ilya V. , Mastoskin Nikita A. , Altalhi Tariq , Yakobson Boris I. , Kvashnin Alexander G.
Published: April 2024

Most of the modern catalysts are based on precious metals and rear-earth elements making some reactions of organic synthesis economically insolvent. Density functional theory calculations here are used to describe several differently oriented surfaces of higher tungsten boride WB5-x, along with their catalytic activity for CO oxidation reaction. Based on our findings, WB5-x appears as efficient alternative catalyst for CO oxidation. Computed surface energies enable the use of Wulff construction to determine the equilibrium shape of WB5-x particles. It is found that (010) and (101) facets terminated by boron and tungsten, respectively, are the mainly exposed surfaces for which the various gas agents (СО, СO2, H2, N2, O2, NO, NO2, H2O, NH3, SO2) adsorption is evaluated, to reveal promising prospects of applications. CO oxidation on B-rich (010) and W-rich (101) surfaces is further explored in more detail by analyzing the charge redistribution during the adsorption of CO and O2 molecules. It is found that CO oxidation displays relatively low energy barriers. Implications of the present results, the WB5-x effects on the CO oxidation, and potential use in automotive, chemical, mining industries are discussed.
Random uncertain motor parameters identification based on fourth-order moment method and trust region management technology
Authors: Mao wengui , Liao Congcong , Guo Jie , Wu Xuemei , Li Jianhua
Published: April 2024

In many engineering practices, motor parameters are usually uncertain due to complex objective environments or various subjective perceptions. Using the fourth-order moment method and trust region model management technology, the uncertain motor parameter identification problem is transformed into a deterministic parameter identification problem for motor statistical characteristic parameters. Firstly, the probability distribution function is used to measure the uncertainty. The cumulative probability under different motor performance response thresholds is calculated by the fourth-order moment method to obtain the corresponding probability distribution function. In the subsequent framework, the micro multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to minimize the calculated and measured cumulative probability of motor performance response. To improve the optimization efficiency, the trust region management technology, is guided to gradually approach the region where the real fourth-order motor statistical characteristic parameters are located. At the same time, the genetic intelligent technology is introduced to reduce the calculation cost. Finally, the numerical results in the example show that the proposed method can effectively identify the uncertain motor parameters.
Mediating Role of Chiro-inositol Metabolites on the Effects of HLA-DR-expressing CD14+ Monocytes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Zhang Leichang , Shen Pan , Ge Wei , Liao Wu , Luo Qinghua , Li Chaofeng , Zhan Chuanyu , Yuan Xiao , Zhang Xiaonan , Yan Xiaojun
Published: April 2024

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic inflammatory condition, is caused by several factors involving aberrant immune responses. Genetic factors are crucial in the occurrence of IBD. Mendelian randomization (MR) can offer a new perspective in understanding the genetic background of IBD.
Methods
The two-sample MR approach was used to estimate the causal relationship of immune cells to IBD. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were considered instrumental variables (IVs). We analyzed the relationship between 731 immunophenotypes, 1,400 metabolite phenotypes, and IBD.
Results
We identified the causal effects of HLA-DR-expressing CD14 + monocytes on IBD through MR analysis. The phenotype of "HLA-DR expression on CD14 + monocytes" showed the strongest association among the selected 48 immune phenotypes. Chiro-inositol metabolites mediate the effect of CD14 + monocytes expressing HLA-DR on IBD. An increase in Chiro-inositol metabolites was associated with a reduced risk of IBD occurrence, accounting for 4.97%.
Conclusion
Our findings reveal a new pathway by which HLA-DR-expressing CD14 + monocytes indirectly reduce the risk of IBD occurrence by increasing the levels of Chiro-inositol metabolites, providing a new perspective on the immunoregulatory mechanisms underlying IBD. It lays a theoretical foundation for developing new therapeutic targets.
Adaptive Decision-Making for Emergency Monitoring Task Migration: Delay Risk Control and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Fan Zhiyong , Lin Yuanmo , Ai Yuxun , Xu Hang
Published: April 2024

The timely and reliable handling of post-disaster emergency monitoring tasks is crucial for effective rescue operations. UAV-assisted edge computing plays a pivotal role in the rapid deployment of such systems. However, challenges persist due to communication and computation resource bottlenecks when dealing with delay-sensitive monitoring tasks. In dynamic post-disaster environments, effective task scheduling and resource allocation decisions directly impact the system's ability to process tasks. Therefore, this paper proposes an adaptive task migration decision-making system for emergency monitoring tasks in UAV-assisted edge computing. Firstly, We decomposed the optimization objectives based on the task processing workflow, then devised a stepwise delay risk control and resource recovery mechanism based on early discarding. Secondly, by integrating multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), optimal strategies for task offloading, UAV queue scheduling, and communication resource allocation are learned to enhance the decision system's environmental awareness and maximize the successful completion of emergency monitoring tasks. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the algorithm significantly improves the success rate of migration tasks and data processing capacity, thereby validating its convergence and effectiveness.
Biocompatible Janus Microparticle Synthesis in a Microfluidic Device
Authors: Saqib Muhammad , Tufan Yiğithan , Orsel Z. Cemre , Ercan Batur , Erdem E. Yegan
Published: April 2024

Janus particles are popular in recent years due to their anisotropic physical and chemical properties. Even though there are several established synthesis methods for Janus particles, microfluidics-based methods are convenient and reliable due to low reagent consumption, monodispersity of the resultant particles and efficient control over reaction conditions. In this work a simple droplet-based microfluidic technique is utilized to synthesize magnetically anisotropic TiO2-Fe2O3 Janus microparticles. Two droplets containing reagents for Janus particle were merged by using an asymmetric device such that the resulting droplet contained the constituents within its two hemispheres distinct from each other. The synthesized Janus particles were observed under the optical microscope and the scanning electron microscope. Moreover, a detailed in vitro characterization of these particles was completed, and it was shown that these particles have a potential use for biomedical applications.
Exploring Performance and Emission Traits of CI Engine Fueled by Waste Cooking Oil- derived Biodiesel Enhanced with Nano Particles
Authors: Birhanu Biru
Published: April 2024

In this groundbreaking experimental study, examines the impact of copper oxide (CuO) and Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on both emissions and performance of a 4.1.5 kW diesel engine fueled by waste cooking oil biodiesel. B20 test fuel blends fortified with 50 ppm concentrations of CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles, subjected to rigorous testing across diverse engine loads (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) while maintaining a constant speed of 1,500 rpm. Through meticulous evaluation of key performance metrics such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), coupled with the analysis of emissions including CO, CO2, HC, and NOx, we observed remarkable enhancements. Notably, the introduction of 50 ppm copper oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles into biodiesel blends resulted in a notable boost in brake power (BP) and BTE, showcasing a remarkable surge from 12.39% to 22.14% in BP and 4.92% to 15% in BTE, underscoring their profound impact of particular significance, B2050CuO exhibited superior combustion characteristics compared to titanium nanoparticles, leading to elevated flame temperature and reduced ignition delay, thereby translating into improved engine performance, enhanced braking power output, and overall superior brake thermal efficiency. Furthermore, CuO and TiO2 nanoparticle blends demonstrated a significant reduction in CO emissions at full load with a 50 ppm dosage, achieving reductions of 6.32%, 8.57%, and 6.25%, respectively. Moreover, for B20 and B2050 TiO2 blends, HC emissions saw a notable drop by 9.14%, 6.57%, and 2.817%, promoting efficient combustion through enhanced fuel molecule interaction. Comparatively, the inclusion of B20, B2050TiO2, and B2050CuO fuel blends led to substantial reductions in CO2 levels by 14.4%, 4.8%, and 3.75%, along with lowered NOx emissions by 5.2%, 3.125%, and 2%, highlighting their potential in mitigating environmental impact."
DBP, a key characteristic molecule associated with skeletal muscle dysfunction in COPD
Authors: Li Shuai , jiang Feng , Wei Xiaoqi , Fan Xinyi , Tang Jiayang , Yu Jiang , Lin Dayu , Qian Xiangyi , Xiao Jinling , Zhang Peng , Guo Shuzhen
Published: April 2024

Background Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a prevalent and serious complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), presenting significant clinical challenges. Despite its commonality, the specific molecules and the mechanisms at play in COPD-related muscle dysfunction remain elusive, leaving a gap in effective early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Methods Our study aims to pinpoint the molecular signatures of skeletal muscle dysfunction in COPD by developing both in vivo and in vitro research models, deploying cutting-edge high-throughput sequencing techniques, and employing sophisticated algorithms for dimensionality reduction analysis.
Results In our COPD rat models, we observed profound structural changes in the skeletal muscles, such as fiber disruption, mitochondrial shrinkage, and a decrease in mitochondrial count. Notably, we identified DBP—a key molecule—as being markedly overexpressed in COPD models, both in vivo and in vitro.
Conclusion Our findings underscore the significant impact COPD has on skeletal muscle structure, leading to muscle wasting, fiber damage, and mitochondrial deterioration. The identification of DBP as a critical molecular marker sheds light on the potential pathways of skeletal muscle impairment in COPD and opens the door for new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Hot and hungry: A mechanistic approach to the direct and indirect effects of marine heatwaves on plankton communities
Authors: Grigoratou Maria , Serra-Pompei Camila , Kemberling Adam , Pershing Andrew J.
Published: April 2024

Marine heatwaves, increasingly frequent, impact marine ecosystems and services. Still, understanding how temperature affects observed responses remains limited due to complex interactions among temperature, abiotic and biotic factors, and community dynamics. Here we try to fill this gap by exposing simulated plankton communities to seasonal heatwaves of 4°C with a trait- and size-structured model that accounts for protists and the life cycle of copepods. Despite the short lifespans and fast growth rates of plankton, results show that heatwaves affect communities differently and for an extended period up to six years after their appearance. Temperature affects species physiology and ecosystem dynamics, directly and indirectly, shaping structure and biomass. Species traits, interactions, and functional diversity under changing temperatures emerge as pivotal. Our study advances mechanistic insights into marine heatwave impacts, highlighting the complex connections between temperature, species traits, and ecological interactions.
Sequence Detection in Bilayer 1T1R RRAM Device with Integrated State Machine
Authors: Singh Simranjeet , Paul Godwin , Bende Ankit , Kempen Tim , Cüppers Felix , Patkar Sachin , Rana Vikas , Merchant Farhad
Published: April 2024

Recent advancements in machine learning algorithms have driven a search for novel computation hardware and techniques to alleviate data bottlenecks. In terms of hardware, there’s a noticeable trend towards in-memory computing (IMC). Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) has surfaced as a compelling option for IMC applications owing to its non-volatile nature, reduced power requirements, and more compute density in contrast to conventional CMOS-based computing approaches. Simultaneously, there has been a notable rise in the advancement of novel algorithms alternatives to neuron-based implementations based on learning automata (e.g., propositional logic-based Tselin machine), presenting resource efficiency, particularly within the domain of the state-machine paradigm. An important observation is the multi-level behavior exhibited by RRAM cells, offering an avenue to mimic state machine functionalities. However, integrating state machines onto RRAM devices poses challenges despite these advancements. Through experimental explorations, this paper investigates the practical utilization of RRAM’s multi-state properties for finite-state machine (FSM) applications. This study demonstrates the multi-state behavior through gradual reset methodologies by fabricating RRAM cells alongside CMOS transistors to create 1T1R cells. Moreover, a sequence detector is devised to identify specific patterns within strings using a single 1T1R cell, effectively encapsulating the FSM onto a single device. This approach promises improvements in data density and offers enhanced energy efficiency. Rigorous experimental validation underscores the accuracy and reliability of the proposed methodology, laying a robust groundwork for efficient multi-state applications within advanced computing paradigms.
Prevalence of vaginal HPV infection among 35- year age cohort ever- married women in Kalutara district of Sri Lanka and the feasibility of vaginal HPV/DNA specimen as a cervical cancer screening tool. A cross- sectional study
Authors: Perera KCM , Mapitigama KN , Abeysena HTCS
Published: April 2024

Background Cervical cancer is the 2nd most common female cancer among Sri Lankan females and is almost associated with sexually transmitted cervicovaginal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The study objective is to determine the prevalence of vaginal HPV infection among ever-married women.
Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from 1st of July 2018 to 30th November 2018. Ever-married women 35 years of age in Kalutara district were the study population. The cluster sampling method was used. Three women from each cluster (n=413) were selected by consecutive sampling technique. HPV/DNA cervical specimen and vaginal specimen collection (n=822) were carried out. Specimens were screened by the cobas 4800 HPV/DNA automated Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) machine. Participants’ profiles were recorded by the Research Assistants by using an Interviewer Administered Questionnaire.
Results The overall prevalence of vaginal and cervical HPV infection was 7.08% (95% CI; 5.2%-9.4%) and 6.12% (95% CI; 4.26%-8.3%) respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), diagnostic accuracy, and the kappa coefficient of the vaginal HPV/DNA screening method vs. cervical HPV/DNA screening method were 100%, 98.9%, 86.4%, 100%, 99% and 0.92 respectively.
Conclusions Primary health care provider collected vaginal HPV/DNA specimen screening method can be used in Sri Lanka to improve the coverage of clinic non-attendees
YOLOv8-PD:An Improved Road damage detection algorithm based on YOLOv8n model
Authors: zeng Jiayi , Zhong Han
Published: April 2024

Road damage detection is an crucial task to ensure road safety. To tackle the issues of poor performance on multi-scale cracks and high costs in road damage detection, this paper presents an improved lightweight road damage detection algorithm based on YOLOv8n, named YOLOv8-PD (Pavement Disease). Firstly, a BOT module that can extract global information of road damage images is proposed to adapt to the large-span features of crack objects. Secondly, the introduction of the Large Separable Kernel Attention (LKSA) mechanism enhances the detection accuracy of the algorithm. Then, a C2fGhost block is constructed in the neck network to strengthen the feature extraction of complex road diseases while reducing the computational load. Furthermore, we introduced Lightweight Shared Convolution Detection Head (LSCD-Head) to improve feature expressiveness and reduce the number of parameters. Finally, extensive experiments on the RDD2022 dataset yield a model with parametric and computational quantities of 2.3M and 6.1 GFLOPs, which are only 74.1% and 74.3% of the baseline, and the mAP reaches an improvement of 1.4 percentage points from the baseline. In addition, experimental results on the RoadDamage dataset show that the mAP increased by 4.2% and this algorithm has good robustness. This method can provide a reference for the automatic detection method of pavement cracks.
Structure-Dynamics Relation in Metallic Glass Revealed by 5-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Nakazawa Katsuaki , Mitsuishi Kazutaka , Konstantin Iakoubovskii , Kohara Shinji , Tsuchiya Koichi
Published: April 2024

Dynamic and structural heterogeneities play an important role in glass transition phenomena. However, the relation between these heterogeneities is not fully revealed. In this study, we simultaneously observed these heterogeneities near the glass transition temperature in Zr50Cu40Al10 using five-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy, which can record the spatiotemporal distribution of diffraction patterns. The heterogeneities were visualized with sub-nanometer resolution, and a correlation between them was measured up to the glass transition temperature. We verified that ordered structures had slow dynamics and the order decreased as the temperature increased.
A single base deletion in exon 2 of Hd1 delineates monogenic recessive photoperiod insensitivity in an aromatic Joha rice mutant.
Authors: Sarma Debojit , Reddy Bodeddula , Baradkar Shreekant , Manogna Tamma , Bordoloi Dibosh , Bihani Subhash , Barua Nagendra , Baruah Akhil , Das Bikram , Mondal Suvendu
Published: April 2024

A photoperiod-insensitive mutant was isolated from a gamma rays-induced M2 population of a Joha rice landrace, Kon Joha. The mutant was found to be unique, and the induced photoperiod insensitivity was conditioned by a single recessive gene. Towards mutant gene tagging, 402 SSR and InDel markers were screened, and later polymorphic markers were used in bulk segregant analysis (BSA) in the F2 population of 'mutant x Kalijeera (distant parent)'. BSA identified an association of an SSR marker RM527 with this mutant trait. This marker is present in chromosome 6 of the rice genome. Including chromosome 6 specific SSR markers in polymorphic screening and BSA later identified another associated marker, RM19725, for the mutant trait. The genomic interval of RM527 and RM19725 harboured a photoperiod-insensitive gene, Hd1, in chromosome 6. Cloning and sequencing of Hd1 genomic fragments from parent and mutant revealed a single base deletion in exon 2, leading to a frameshift mutation in the Hd1 protein. Designing allele-specific primer pairs for the above mutation was crucial to detect a tight association of the Hd1 with the mutant trait in the homozygous mutant/parent type plants in the F3 generation of the 'mutant x parent' population. The mutation in exon 2 leads to severe structural abnormalities in the CCT domain of the Hd1 protein that is critical in the interaction of repressing complex with conserved response element in the florigen gene under long-day conditions.
Habitat preferences and feeding behaviour of Speckled mousebird (Colius striatus) in urban sub- Saharan Africa: the case study from Cameroon
Authors: Domeni Dorvald Nice , II Taku Awa , Kamga Solange Mekuate , Tache José Innoncent Tamdjo , Riegert Jan
Published: April 2024

Forests and other intact areas within the tropics are nowadays in the main focus of researchers and little or no attention is paid to urban sub-Saharan environments justifying the need for gathering baseline data. It is important to understand urban bird species ecology and uncover its interactions with city people. Speckled mousebird (SM, Colius striatus) is one of the most common species in rural and urban areas within man-made environments. We systematically sampled 222 random count points in Dschang (West Cameroon) using binoculars within buffers of a 50 m radius around count points for 10 minutes two times during the period September-November 2022. The population density reached 1.33 inds./ha and its distribution largely followed random pattern. The presence of SM was positively correlated with abundance of fruiting trees, the most important was percentage of guava (Psidium guajava) and papaya (Carica papaya) tree. Similarly, the presence of SM was positively linked to human population size since it often occurred within mosaic agriculture areas and near dwellings. Percentage of feeding time was increased around garbage sites due to increased availability of nutrients for fruiting trees there. We further found a positive relationship between the percentage of feeding time and temperature and increased number of vocal interactions around garbage sites. Finally, the number of vocal interactions decreased with Julian date to protect nestlings against predators. Our results showed that interaction of SM with human was a significant driver for SM distribution within the study area.
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria colonizing the external ocular surfaces of patients undergoing ocular surgeries at Bugando Medical Center in Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Rukyaa Johannes , Temba Lillian , Kachira Princekened , Mwanansao Christopher , Seni Jeremiah
Published: April 2024

Objective Understanding microbiota colonizing ocular surfaces is key to expedite antibiotic prophylactic options for ocular surgeries, and therefore, prevent subsequent surgical site infections (SSIs). To fill this critical gap, we aimed at determining the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria colonizing the external ocular surfaces of 224 patients undergoing ocular surgeries at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in Mwanza, Tanzania between May and August 2023.
Results The study participants had a median age of 62.5 (interquartile range: 39.5-75.0) years. A total of 78.1% (175/224) ocular swabs were culture positive yielding 196 bacterial isolates. S. epidermidis [43.4% (n=85)] followed by S. aureus [21.9% (n=43)] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [14.3% (n=28)] were the most common bacteria. There was low proportions of resistance among predominant Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria to gentamicin (≤25.0%), and similarly, low resistance among Gram negative bacteria was observed against 3rd generation cephalosporins (≤25.0%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (0.0%). Variable resistance profiles were notable to the most commonly used antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and tetracycline: 0.0% to 66.7%). Our findings underscore an urgent need to revisit antibiotic prophylactic guidelines for ocular surgeries in this tertiary hospital, and calls for prospective evaluation of incident SSIs post-ocular surgeries to guide specific management.
Oxygen Vacancy-engineered CeO 2 Mediated by Cu-Pt Exhibit Enhanced SOD/CAT-mimicking Activities to Regulate the Microenvironment for Osteoarthritis Therapy
Authors: Yang Junxu , Xiao Shihui , Deng Jiejia , Li Yuquan , Hu Hao , Wang Jiawei , Lu Chun , Li Guanhua , Zheng Li , Wei Qinjun , Zhong Jingping
Published: April 2024

Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanospheres have limited enzymatic activity that hinders further application in catalytic therapy, but they have an "oxidation switch" to enhance their catalytic activity by increasing oxygen vacancies. In this study, according to the defect-engineering strategy, we developed PtCuOX/CeO2 − X nanozymes as highly efficient SOD/CAT mimics by introducing bimetallic Cu and Pt into CeO2 nanospheres to enhance the oxygen vacancies, in an attempt to combine near-infrared (NIR) irradiation to regulate microenvironment for osteoarthritis (OA) therapy. As expected, the Cu and Pt increased the Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio of CeO2 to significantly enhance the oxygen vacancies, and simultaneously CeO2 (111) facilitated the uniform dispersion of Cu and Pt. The strong metal-carrier interaction synergy endowed the PtCuOX/CeO2 − X nanozymes with highly efficient SOD/CAT-like activity by the decreased formation energy of oxygen vacancy, promoted electron transfer, the increased adsorption energy of intermediates, and the decreased reaction activation energy. Besides, the nanozymes have excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (55.41%). Further, the PtCuOX/CeO2 − X antioxidant system effectively scavenged intracellular ROS and RNS, protected mitochondrial function, and inhibited the inflammatory factors, thus reducing chondrocyte apoptosis. In vivo, experiments demonstrated the biosafety of PtCuOX/CeO2 − X and its potent effect on OA suppression. In particular, NIR radiation further enhanced the effects. Mechanistically, PtCuOX/CeO2 − X nanozymes reduced ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac-1) and p-p65 protein expression, as well as ROS levels to remodel the inflammatory microenvironment by inhibiting the ROS/Rac1/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. This study introduces new clinical concepts and perspectives that can be applied to inflammatory diseases.
Improved Quantum-inspired Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Based Resource Allocation for Quantum- Enabled IoT Devices in Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: K Sudharson , R Santhiya
Published: April 2024

Ad hoc networks of quantum-enabled IoT devices require efficient resource allocation techniques to optimize energy consumption and data transmission rates. This paper proposes an enhanced version of quantum-inspired hybrid particle swarm optimization called the Improved quantum-inspired hybrid particle swarm optimization (IQHPSO) algorithm for resource allocation in ad hoc networks of quantum-enabled IoT devices. The enhanced QHPSO algorithm incorporates a novel innovation technique based on adaptive parameter tuning and a global best selection strategy that further improves the optimization performance of the QHPSO approach. We evaluate the proposed approach through simulations and compare its performance with the original QHPSO algorithm and other state-of-the-art optimization techniques regarding objective functions such as energy consumption, data transmission rate, and network lifetime. Our results show that the IQHPSO algorithm outperforms the original QHPSO algorithm by 10-15% in energy consumption, 5-10% in data transmission rate, and 3-7% in network lifetime. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the IQHPSO algorithm outperforms other state-of-the-art optimization techniques regarding these objective functions. We also discuss the practical implementation of the IQHPSO algorithm in a real-world ad hoc network of quantum-enabled IoT devices. This research contributes to the ongoing development of quantum-inspired optimization techniques for wireless networking applications. Furthermore, it demonstrates the benefits of incorporating innovative approaches, such as adaptive parameter tuning and global best selection strategy, to improve the performance of existing optimization algorithms.
Multi-depot vehicle routing problem with drones in emergency logistics
Authors: Weng Xun , She Wenke , Fan Hongqiang , Zhang Jingtian , Yun Lifen
Published: April 2024

In order to expand the application of truck-drone cooperative delivery in emergency logistics, this paper investigates the multi-depot vehicle routing problem with drones for emergency logistics scheduling. A mixed-integer programming model with the objective of minimizing the maximum expected rescue time from urban distribution centres to temporary distribution stations is proposed. To address this problem, a new two-stage hybrid heuristic algorithm is proposed. In the first stage, we employ an improved K-means clustering to cluster the temporary distribution stations. In the second stage, a combination of Tabu search (TS), enhanced genetic algorithm (GA), and simulated annealing (SA) is applied to optimize the routes of both trucks and drones. The numerical study involves the validation of the model using real-world cases. Through comparison experiments with the Gurobi solver, we demonstrate the significant advantages of the proposed heuristic algorithm in terms of solution quality and efficiency.
TLR7 regulates tumor microenvironment to influence prognosis of Asian gastric cancer patients
Authors: Wang Yanjie , Dai Liya , Huang Sijia , Tao Jialong , Wang Hui , Feng Zhengyang , jiao Chenchen , Liang Yong , Zhang Yusong
Published: April 2024

Background and Objective Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignant tumor in the world, and Asia has the highest incidence of GC. The tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunogenic cell death (ICD) mechanisms play important roles in the prognosis of patients with GC. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the TME and the prognosis of Asian patients with GC by analyzing data from Asian patients with GC obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and further explored by which mechanism TME affects prognosis.
Methods We downloaded the data of Asian GC patients from the TCGA database, scored the TME of each sample, explored the relationship between the score and survival as well as clinical stage, performed differential analysis on stromal cells and immune cells, screened out differential genes (DEGs) and identified the intersections, and performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses on the DEGs that intersected and constructed the protein interaction network. Then, we screened ICD-related genes (IRGs) from the intersecting stromal cell- and immune cell-related DEGs, extracted the expression of IRGs, performed differential expression analysis to screen out the differential IRGs, constructed a prognostic model by regression analysis, and verified the accuracy of the model with Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results Population survival was lower in the group with high stromal and immune cell content. The higher the clinical stage is, the greater the stromal and immune cell content. There were a total of 1367 upregulated DEGs and 157 downregulated DEGs in the stromal and immune cell high content group, which were highly enriched in some GO and KEGG pathways. There were 29 IRGs in the intersecting stromal cell- and immune cell-related DEGs. There were 19 IRGs that differed between tumor samples and normal samples. Through multifactorial regression analysis, it was found that TLR7 was closely related to patient prognosis, and a new risk score prognostic model was constructed for Asian GC patients based on TLR7. Validation of the model through K‒M survival curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves proved that the model had certain predictive value.
Conclusion TLR7 may regulate the number of stromal and immune cells in the TME of Asian GC patients through ICD-associated mechanisms, thereby affecting patient prognosis.
Inflammation from Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics during Neonatal Male Circumcision: A Case Report
Authors: SanamVenkata Sachindra , Nthiga Lynda , Ogunbiyi Abiola , Hills Edward
Published: April 2024

Background
We report an unusual case of inflammation following the application of eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA) cream, a topical lidocaine-prilocaine anesthetic, resulting in an aborted neonatal male circumcision (NMC). Inflammation from EMLA cream are rare adverse events; the only pictured instance of this reaction occurred in two neonates from Botswana dating back to 2013. However, we observed inflammation in a neonate of Haitian descent. This report is important for two primary reasons: firstly, to inform clinicians about the appearance and duration of inflammation to help manage similar neonates; and secondly, to discuss the etiology and incidence of this reaction, particularly if the reaction occurs in diverse neonates.
Case presentation
The neonate displayed normal male genitalia on examination prior to planned circumcision using a Gomco clamp on day two of life. We applied EMLA cream on the prepuce and placed an occlusive dressing. After one hour, we examined the penis and then aborted the procedure due to edema and erythema of the prepuce resulting in difficulty visualizing the glans. We did not observe any distress in the neonate nor any systemic sequelae from this reaction. Although the neonate voided successfully in the interim, inflammation had not fully decreased by day three of life. We discharged the neonate on day three of life without incident and counseled the mother on expectations for reduction in swelling. During the neonate’s well-baby visit five days later, the pediatrician did not note any irregularities during the physical exam.
Conclusions
Inflammation may be a result of vasodilation induced by lidocaine-prilocaine blockage of sympathetic nerves of vasoconstriction. Management of this reaction is supportive, and if the parent still desires circumcision, evidence-based alternatives for neonatal anesthesia or analgesia exist. As this reaction to EMLA cream is harmless, many cases of inflammation during NMC may go unreported. Furthermore, adverse reactions in diverse patients have historically been underexplored. With this report, three neonates of sub-Saharan African ancestry have experienced this reaction. Increased reporting and further research are needed to understand which neonates are most susceptible to EMLA-induced inflammation.
The return of investing healthcare resources in rehabilitation: should governments push the pedal or slowdown?
Authors: Ramos Quelly Mae Rivadillo , Neill Rachel , Bachani Abdulgafoor M. , Trujillo Antonio J.
Published: April 2024

Understanding rehabilitation’s return on investment (ROI) is important to improve budgetary prioritization for rehabilitative care. This study estimates the relationship between rehabilitation expenditure and years lived with disability and analyzes expected savings from increased rehabilitation investments. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease Study provided data on years lived with disability and the WHO Global Health Expenditure database was used to identify total rehabilitation expenditure from 2016 to 2018 for 88 countries. Sequential regression models were performed to estimate the effect of rehabilitation expenditure on years lived with disability and savings estimated with varying value of a statistical life years. We identify that increasing rehabilitation expenditure by 10% decreases the average amount of years lived with disability up to 6%. Our findings suggest that increasing available public resources to expand access to rehabilitative care is warranted.
Assessing left ventricular pathology in patients with Ebstein anomaly using Cardiovascular magnetic resonance: Looking past the right heart
Authors: Gupta Aditi , Silva Luciana Da , Castrillon Carlos Diaz , Wang Li , Dobson Craig , Silva Jose Da , Olivieri Laura , Alsaied Tarek , Christopher Adam
Published: April 2024

Background: Ebstein Anomaly (EA) is a malformation of the right heart, but there is data to suggest that the left ventricle (LV) can suffer from intrinsic structural and functional abnormalities which affect surgical outcomes. Hypothesis: The LV in patients with EA is hypertrabeculated with abnormalities in LV function and strain. Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, patients with EA who underwent pre-operative cardiac MRI (CMR) between the period of 2014-2023 were included along with a group of healthy-age-matched controls. Left ventricular and right ventricular volume, function and strain analyses were performed on standard SSFP imaging. LV noncompacted:compacted (NC/C) ratio and the displacement index of the tricuspid valve were measured. Results: Thirty-five EA patients were included with mean age of 21.0 +/- 16.4 years. Thirteen EA patients (37%) had mild pre-operative LV dysfunction on CMR and 1 (3%) had moderate LV dysfunction. The global circumferential and longitudinal strain were significantly lower in the reduced LVEF group compared to those with preserved LVEF (-15% vs. -16.8%, p =0.01 and −11.8% vs. −16.1%; p =0.04; respectively). A single EA patient (3%) met criteria for LVNC with a maximal NC/C ratio > 2.3. There was no statistically significant difference in NC/C ratio in the EA population (1.33 +/- 0.5) vs. controls (1.11 +/- 0.2), p = 0.16. There was an inverse correlation of LV ejection fraction (EF) with right ventricular end-diastolic volume and displacement index (DI). All patients underwent the Da Silva Cone procedure at our center. Patients with preoperative LV dysfunction had longer bypass time (163 +/- 42 vs 142 +/-38 min, p=0.17) and duration of postoperative epinephrine support (23.5 +/- 22 vs 11.2 +/- 22.3 hours, p=0.20). Conclusions: This is the largest study to date to evaluate preoperative LV structure and function in EA patients by CMR. In this cohort of 35 patients, LV non-compaction was rare, though there was a trend toward increased trabeculation. Pre-operative LV dysfunction is common and associated with more severe EA with larger RV size. The presence of LV dysfunction is relevant to perioperative management and further study with larger cohorts and longer follow up are necessary.
Triplicated middle cerebral arteries (duplicated and ipsilateral accessory) associated with triplicated anterior cerebral arteries (accessory) diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Uchino Akira , Tokushige Kazuo
Published: April 2024

Purpose
To describe a case of duplicated middle cerebral artery (MCA) combined with ipsilateral accessory MCA, forming a triplicated MCA, associated with the accessory anterior cerebral artery (ACA), forming a triplicated A2 segment of the ACA detected incidentally on magnetic resonance (MR) angiography.
Methods
A 70-year-old woman with internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis at the origin, which was detected by ultrasound, underwent cranial MR imaging and MR angiography of the intracranial region for an evaluation of brain and cerebral arterial lesions. The MR machine was a 3-Tesla scanner. MR angiography was performed using a standard 3-dimensional time-of-flight technique.
Results
Multiple ischemic white matter lesions are observed. No significant stenotic lesions were observed in intracranial arteries. The right duplicated MCA, main MCA, and right accessory MCA arose from the A2 segment of the right ACA. Thus, the right MCA was triplicated. There was also an accessory ACA forming a triplicated ACA at its A2 segment. These findings were clearly identified on partial volume-rendering (VR) images.
Conclusion
We herein report a case of triplicated MCA associated with triplicated ACA. MCA variations are relatively rare, and this is the third case of triplicated MCA reported in relevant English-language literature. To identify multiple cerebral arterial variations, creating partial VR images using MR angiographic source images is useful.