bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of autoimmune encephalitis and comparison to infectious causes—Experience from a tertiary center
Authors: Segal Yahel , Rotschild Ofer , Mina Yair , Maayan Eshed Gadi , Levinson Tal , Paran Yael , Dekel Michal , Cohen‐Poradosu Ronit , Ashkenazi Adi , Moreno Itamar , Aizenstein Orna , Halutz Ora , Alcalay Yifat , Gadoth Avi
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The incidence of autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) has risen in the last decade, yet recent studies are lacking. We compared the epidemiology of autoimmune and infectious encephalitis cases in Tel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (TASMC) between 2010 and 2020.

Methods

All encephalitis cases, aged 18 and above, admitted to TASMC between the years 2010 and 2020 were reviewed for demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data and categorized based on etiology.

Results

Two hundred and twenty‐five patients with encephalitis were identified. The most common identifiable cause was viral (42%), followed by autoimmune encephalitis (35%), bacterial (18%), and fungal/parasitic (5%). The incidence of AIE cases out of the yearly admitted cases increased substantially, from 3.8/100 K in 2010 to 18.8/100 K in 2020. The incidence of viral cases also increased while those of bacterial and fungal/parasitic infections remained stable. Patients with AIE were younger compared to infectious patients (p‐value <0.001) and had lower markers of systemic and cerebrospinal fluid inflammation (p‐value for all <0.001). Seizures were more common among AIE patients (p‐value <0.001), yet one‐year mortality rates were higher among infectious patients (p‐value <0.001).

Interpretation

AIE incidence has risen significantly in our institution during the past decade, with current rates comparable to those of all infectious causes combined. Based on this cohort, clinical clues for an autoimmune etiology include a non‐inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid profile, the presence of seizures, and temporal lobe imaging abnormalities (also common in herpetic encephalitis). In light of its rising incidence and the importance of early treatment, AIE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all encephalitis cases.
Integrated Trap‐Adsorption‐Catalysis Nanoreactor for Shuttle‐Free Aqueous Zinc‐Iodide Batteries
Authors: Zhu Lingfeng , Guan Xinwei , Fu Yang , Zhang Zhenfang , Li Yitong , Mai Qi , Zhang Congcong , Yuan Zhilong , Wang Ye , Li Peng , Li Hui , Su Dawei , Jia Baohua , Yu Hai , Sun Yifei , Ma Tianyi
Published: July 2024

Aqueous zinc‐iodine batteries (AZIBs) are very promising energy storage systems owing to their safety, reliability, large specific capacity, and durable lifespan. However, the sluggish iodine redox kinetics and polyiodides shuttle effect severely impedes their wider application. Addressing these challenges, this study develops a new multifunctional nanoreactor integrating “Trap‐Adsorption‐Catalysis” advantages, which features the electron‐rich cobalt (Co) nanoparticles embedded in porous activated carbon (AC). Benefiting from the integrated advantages of trap‐adsorption‐catalysis behavior in the nanoreactor, this novel system enables the fast iodine (I2/I‐) conversion by enhanced kinetics, achieving high utilization of iodine and corrosion‐free zinc anode without producing polyiodides. In situ UV–vis spectroscopy, theoretical calculation combined with electrochemical analysis demonstrates that the Co@AC nanoreactor reduces the adsorption energy and conversion energy barrier of iodine species, and accelerates the conversion of polyiodides to improve the electrochemical properties. Notably, the Co@AC/I2 cathode delivers an outstanding rate capability of 221.1 and 102.5 mA h g−1 at the current density of 0.5 and 25C with high CE over >99.9%, respectively, low self‐discharge rate over 96h and high energy efficiency (EE) of 89.2% at 5.0C over 1000 cycles. These self‐discharge and EE properties are the best among AZIBs systems with Co‐based host cathodes ever reported.
Trash into Treasure: Nano‐coating of Catheter Utilizes Urine to Deprive H2S Against Persister and Rip Biofilm Matrix
Authors: Hou Zhiming , Ren Xinyu , Sun Zhuangzhuang , An Ruoqi , Huang Mingzhi , Gao Cen , Yin Mengying , Liu Guangxiu , He Dengqi , Du Hongliang , Tang Rongbing
Published: July 2024

Bacteria‐derived hydrogen sulfide (H2S) often contributes to the emergence of antibiotic‐recalcitrant bacteria, especially persister (a sub‐population of dormant bacteria), thus causing the treatment failure of Catheter‐associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Here, an H2S harvester nanosystem to prevent the generation of persister bacteria and disrupt the dense biofilm matrix by the self‐adaptive ability of shape‐morphing is prepared. The nanosystem possesses a core‐shell structure that is composed of liquid metal nanoparticle (LM NP), AgNPs, and immobilized urease. The nanosystem decomposes urea contained in urine to generate ammonia for eliminating bacteria‐derived H2S. Depending on the oxidative layer of liquid metal, the nanosystem also constitutes a long‐lasting reservoir for temporarily storing bacteria‐derived H2S, when urease transiently overloads or in the absence of urine in a catheter. Depriving H2S can prevent the emergence of persistent bacteria, enhancing the bacteria‐killing efficiency of Ga3+ and Ag+ ions. Even when the biofilm has formed, the urine flow provides heat to trigger shape morphing of the LM NP, tearing the biofilm matrix. Collectively, this strategy can turn trash (urea) into treasure (H2S scavengers and biofilm rippers), and provides a new direction for the antibacterial materials application in the medical field.
Bottom‐Up Defect Modification Through Oily‐Allicin Modified Buried Interface Achieving Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhuang Xinmeng , Zhou Donglei , Jia Yanrun , Liu Shuainan , Liang Jin , Lin Yuze , Hou Huiqing , Qian Dongmin , Zhou Tingting , Bai Xue , Song Hongwei
Published: July 2024

The buried interface properties of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) play a crucial role in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability. The metal‐oxide/perovskite heterogeneous interfaces are highly defective and cause serious ion migration. However, the buried and unexposed bottom interface and simultaneous stabilization of grain boundaries receive less attention and effective solutions. To tackle this problem, a solid–liquid strategy is employed by introducing oily‐additive allicin at the buried interface to passivate the shallow (VI and Vo) and deep traps (VPb and PbI). Interestingly, oily status allicin fills the pinholes at the heterointerface and wraps the perovskite grains, suppressing the ion migration during the photoaging process. As a result, an outstanding PCE of 25.07% is achieved with a remarkable fill factor (FF) of 84.03%. The modified devices can maintain 94.51% of the original PCE after light soaking under 1‐sun illumination for 1000 h. This work demonstrates a buried interface modification method that employs an eco‐friendly additive, which helps promote the development of PSCs with high performance and stability.
Perspective on Lewis Acid‐Base Interactions in Emerging Batteries
Authors: Lin Qiaowei , Kundu Dipan , Skyllas‐Kazacos Maria , Lu Jun , Zhao Dongyuan , Amine Khalil , Dai Liming , Wang Da‐Wei
Published: July 2024

Lewis acid‐base interactions are common in chemical processes presented in diverse applications, such as synthesis, catalysis, batteries, semiconductors, and solar cells. The Lewis acid‐base interactions allow precise tuning of material properties from the molecular level to more aggregated and organized structures. This review will focus on the origin, development, and prospects of applying Lewis acid‐base interactions for the materials design and mechanism understanding in the advancement of battery materials and chemistries. The covered topics relate to aqueous batteries, lithium‐ion batteries, solid‐state batteries, alkali metal‐sulfur batteries, and alkali metal‐oxygen batteries. In this review, the Lewis acid‐base theories will be first introduced. Thereafter the application strategies for Lewis acid‐base interactions in solid‐state and liquid‐based batteries will be introduced from the aspects of liquid electrolyte, solid polymer electrolyte, metal anodes, and high‐capacity cathodes. The underlying mechanism is highlighted in regard to ion transport, electrochemical stability, mechanical property, reaction kinetics, dendrite growth, corrosion, and so on. Last but not least, perspectives on the future directions related to Lewis acid‐base interactions for next‐generation batteries are like to be shared.
Effect of Mn–Mn Magnetic Ordering on Photoluminescence in 2D Layered Hybrid Perovskite (CH3NH3)2MnCl4
Authors: Zhang Kun , Kang Enze , Huang Ruiqin , Li Liang , Wang Yanzhuo , Zhao Hongyang , Hagiwara Masayuki , Ma Ying , Han Yibo
Published: July 2024

Charge and energy transfers among Mn2+ ions determine the excited‐state dynamics in Mn2+‐based phosphors, which modulate the luminescence properties in various applications. However, in crystals with dense Mn2+ ions, luminescence is often quenched by antiferromagnetic interactions between adjacent Mn2+ ions or electron‐phonon interactions, which lead to energy transfer to the defect states. Here, the modulation of photoluminescence by Mn–Mn magnetic ordering in a 2D layered hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3)2MnCl4 is reported. Specifically, antiferromagnetic ordering and spin flopping reduce the bright optical transitions from coupled Mn2+ ions, whereas ferromagnetic ordering enhances the transitions. This magnetic effect competes with electron‐phonon interactions and determines the temperature‐ and magnetic‐field‐dependent photoluminescence, especially at low temperatures. This study not only enriches the understanding of the fundamental magneto‐optical properties of Mn2+‐based perovskites but also provides new insights into the development of high‐performance lead‐free light‐emitting devices.
Multi‐Dentate Phosphine Ligand Derived from Cyclotetrasiloxane and Its Application in Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Alkenes
Authors: Liu Mengli , Xue Fei , Xu Chuanzhi , Wang Fang , Zeng Bo , Li Zhen , Xia Chungu
Published: July 2024

The development of phosphine ligands continues to be essential for palladium‐catalyzed homogeneous carbonylation reactions, particularly in achieving high regioselectivity. In this study, a cyclosiloxane‐based multi‐dentate phosphine ligand, L1 (V4‐4Ph2P), characterized by its high thermal stability and oxidation resistance, was synthesized through the radical addition of secondary phosphines to the double bonds of tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane. L1 was then used in the Pd‐catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of a variety of olefins, including terminal and internal alkenes, cyclic alkenes, aromatic terminal alkenes as well as tetra‐, tri‐ and 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes to afford the desired esters with moderate to good yields. As elucidated via DFT calculations and in situ IR spectroscopy, the optimum spatial chelation modes and high stability of Pd−H active species were responsible for the enhancement of catalytic efficiency.
Radical 6‐Endo Addition Enables Pyridine Synthesis under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Dong Xiaojuan , Shao Yingbo , Liu Zhengyi , Huang Xia , Xue Xiao‐Song , Chen Yiyun
Published: July 2024

Metal‐free synthesis of heterocycles is highly sought after in the pharmaceutical industry and has garnered widespread attention due to eliminating the need to remove trace metal catalysts from the reaction. We report a radical 6‐endo addition method for pyridine synthesis from cyclopropylamides and alkynes under metal‐free conditions. Various terminal and substituted alkynes are inserted as C2 units into cyclopropylamides to synthesize versatile pyridines with 57 examples. Mechanistic investigations and computational studies indicate the unprecedented 6‐endo‐trig addition of vinyl radicals to the imine nitrogen atom rather than the conventional 5‐exo‐trig addition to the imine carbon atom, in which the hypervalent iodine(III) plays a critical role. This reaction easily scales up with excellent functional group compatibility and suits the late‐stage pyridine installation on complex molecules.
A new bio‐active Schiff base ligand and its Ni(II), Cu(II), Ag(I), Zn(II), Cd(II), and La(III) binuclear complexes: synthesis, DFT analysis, antimicrobial, DNA interaction, COXII inhibition, and molecular docking studies
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Laila H. , Alzarzah Saleh F. , Abdel‐Hameed Mohamed , Shehata Mohamed R. , El‐Saghier Ahmed
Published: July 2024

In the present work, 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldhyde and 2‐hydrazino‐N‐phenyl‐2‐thioxo‐acetamide are combined to create a new Schiff base. The novel ligand and its six new binuclear complexes with Ni(II), Cu(II), Ag(I), Zn(II), Cd(II), and La(III) are characterized via spectroscopic and analytical techniques, such as ultraviolet‐visible (UV–vis), infrared (IR), 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectra, powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The spectral analysis indicated that the novel Schiff base may coordinate with the two metal ions. Additionally, the results indicated a square planar geometry for NiL, CuL, and AgL complexes and an octahedral geometry for ZnL, CdL, and LaL complexes. In contrast to the Schiff base ligand, different complex crystallinities were displayed in the powder XRD patterns. Significant thermodynamic parameter values were computed using the Coats–Redfern method which revealed high thermal stabilities of the complexes in the TG analysis. In vitro antibacterial, DNA‐binding, and anti‐inflammatory techniques were used for the biological evaluation. Moreover, to visualize the anti‐inflammatory action of complexes employing the cyclooxygenase enzyme receptor (PDB ID: 6COX), in silico docking was used. The serial dilution method evaluated the new compounds' in vitro antibacterial efficacy against three bacterial and one fungal strain. The results showed that the novel complexes showed remarkable efficiency against the bacterial growth of gram (+ve) Staphylococcus aureus compared to the parent ligand and the control. On the other hand, the ZnL, CdL, and AgL complexes showed excellent bactericidal activity. The inhibition of protein denaturation followed the following sequence: Ibuprofen > ZnL ˃ NiL ˃ AgL ˃ CuL > CdL > LaL > H2L. UV–visible and gel electrophoresis methods were used to examine the metal complexes and their ligand's affinity for binding DNA. An intercalative binding mechanism was suggested by the findings.
Synthesis and cholinesterases inhibitory effects of water soluble zinc(II) and silicon(IV) phthalocyanines bearing ({8‐[3‐(dimethylamino)phenoxy]octyl}oxy) groups
Authors: Usta Berna , Seyhan Gökçe , Akkaya Didem , Barut Burak , Biyiklioglu Zekeriya , Özel Arzu
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer's disease, is one of the irreversible neurodegenerative disorders among older people, causes behavior, memory, and thinking problems. This study aim is to synthesize of 4‐({8‐[3‐(dimethylamino)phenoxy]octyl}oxy)phthalonitrile, zinc(II) phthalocyanine and its water soluble derivative containing ({8‐[3‐(dimethylamino)phenoxy]octyl}oxy) substituents at the peripheral positions first time. To determine the potential of water soluble silicon(IV) and zinc(II) phthalocyanines for use in AD, spectrophotometric assays were performed to determine their acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effects. In addition, their DNA nuclease properties were evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the compounds inhibited acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase. They did not damage pBR322 plasmid DNA depending on time and concentration. As a result of the experiments, it is revealed that the compounds may be the potential for use as cholinesterase inhibitors, which is a promising approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
The olfactory system of sharks and rays in numbers
Authors: Aicardi S. , Bozzo M. , Guallart J. , Garibaldi F. , Lanteri L. , Terzibasi E. , Bagnoli S. , Dionigi F. , Steffensen J. F. , Poulsen A. B. , Domenici P. , Candiani S. , Amaroli A. , Němec P. , Ferrando S.
Published: July 2024

Cartilaginous fishes have large and elaborate olfactory organs, but only a small repertoire of olfactory receptor genes. Here, we quantitatively analyze the olfactory system of 21 species of sharks and rays, assessing many features of the olfactory organ (OOR) (number of primary lamellae, branches of the secondary folds, sensory surface area, and density and number of sensory neurons) and the olfactory bulb (OB) (number of neurons and non‐neuronal cells), and estimate the ratio between the number of neurons in the two structures. We show that the number of lamellae in the OOR does not correlate with the sensory surface area, while the complexity of the lamellar shape does. The total number of olfactory receptor neurons ranges from 30.5 million to 4.3 billion and the total number of OB neurons from 1.5 to 90 million. The number of neurons in the olfactory epithelium is 16 to 158 times higher (median ratio is 46) than the number of neurons in the OB. These ratios considerably exceed those reported in mammals. High convergence from receptor neurons to neurons processing olfactory information, together with the remarkably small olfactory receptor repertoire, strongly suggests that the olfactory system of sharks and rays is well adapted to detect a limited number of odorants with high sensitivity.
New labdane diterpenoids from Alpinia galanga: A new type of GLP‐1 secretagogues targeting the PKA‐CREB and PI3K‐Akt signaling axes
Authors: Liu Pei , Gongpan Pianchou , Wu Sheng‐Li , Li Xin‐Yu , Huang Xiao‐Yan , Ma Yun‐Bao , Geng Chang‐An
Published: July 2024

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) secretagogues are fascinating pharmacotherapies to overcome the defects of GLP‐1 analogs and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors in treating diabetes and obesity. To discover new GLP‐1 secretagogues from natural sources, alpigalangols A‐Q (1–17), 17 new labdane diterpenoids including four unusual nor‐labdane and N‐containing ones, were isolated from the fruits of Alpinia galanga. Most of the isolates showed GLP‐1 promotive effects in NCl‐H716 cells, of which compounds 3, 4, 12, and 14–17 were revealed with high promoting rates of 246.0%–413.8% at 50 µM. A mechanistic study manifested that the most effective compound 12 upregulated the mRNA expression of Gcg and Pcsk1, and the protein phosphorylation of PKA, CREB, and GSK3β, but was inactive on GPBAR and GPR119 receptors. Network pharmacology analysis indicated that the PI3K‐Akt pathway was involved in the GLP‐1 stimulation of 12, which was highly associated with AKT1, CASP3, PPARG, and ICAM1 proteins. This study suggests that A. galanga is rich in diverse labdane diterpenoids with GLP‐1 promoting effects, representing a new type of antidiabetic candidates from natural sources.
A propensity score‐matched comparison of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin‐5FU and carboplatin–paclitaxel in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A Turkish oncology group study
Authors: Gürler Fatih , Tay Fatih , Sucuoğlu İşleyen Zehra , Yerlikaya Tahir , Hendem Engin , Esen Selin Aktürk , Sütçüoğlu Osman , Işık Deniz , Niğdelioğlu Büşra , Özen Miraç , Şahin Elif , Şakalar Teoman , Şengül Samancı Nilay , Alan Özkan , Hacıbekiroğlu İlhan , Algın Efnan , Yılmaz Melek Karakurt , Türk Hacı Mehmet , Öksüzoğlu Berna , Yavuz Aydın , Yüksel Osman , Bora Hüseyin , Yazıcı Ozan , Özet Ahmet , Özdemir Nuriye
Published: July 2024

Background

Neoadjuvant treatment is the standard treatment in locally advanced ESCC. However, the optimal chemotherapy regimen is not known.

Method

This is a retrospective observational cohort study conducted with propensity score matching. Patients with resectable ESCC from 13 tertiary centers from Türkiye were screened between January 2011 and December 2021. We compared the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with the CF and the CROSS regimens in patients with ESCC.

Results

Three hundred and sixty‐two patients were screened. Patients who received induction chemotherapy (n = 72) and CROSS‐ineligible (n = 31) were excluded. Two hundred and fifty nine patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. After propensity score matching (n = 97 in both groups), the mPFS was 18.4 months (95% CI, 9.3–27.4) and 25.7 months (95% CI, 15.6–35.7; p = 0.974), and the mOS was 35.2 months (95% CI, 18.9–51.5) and 39.6 months (95% CI 20.1–59.2; p = 0.534), in the CF and the CROSS groups, respectively. There was no difference between subgroups regarding PFS and OS. Compared with the CF group, the CROSS group had a higher incidence of neutropenia (34.0% vs. 62.9%, p < 0.001) and anemia (54.6% vs. 75.3%, p = 0.003) in all grades. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in grade 3–4 anemia, grade 3–4 neutropenia, and febrile neutropenia between groups. There were more dose reductions and dose delays in the CROSS group than in the CF group (11.3% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.026 and 34.0% vs. 17.5%, p = 0.009, respectively). The resection rate was 52.6% in the CF‐RT and 35.1% in the CROSS groups (p = 0.014).

Conclusion

Favorable PFS and pCR rates and a comparable OS were obtained with the CROSS regimen over the CF regimen as neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with ESCC.
Examining the role of pre‐visit anxiety on patient uncertainty and breast cancer patient–provider communication
Authors: Broadbridge Elizabeth A. , Venetis Maria K.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Effective communication between cancer patients and providers is critical for addressing psychological distress, reducing uncertainty, and promoting patient well‐being. This is particularly relevant during medical appointments that may elicit uncertainty, such as surgical consultations for newly diagnosed women with breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate how pre‐appointment anxiety and illness uncertainty affect patient–provider communication in breast cancer surgical consultations and subsequent post‐appointment well‐being. Breast cancer patient anxiety has been studied as an outcome of provider communication, though less is known about the extent to which preexisting anxiety or uncertainty act as antecedents to effective patient–provider communication.

Methods

This study analyzed videorecorded breast cancer surgical consultations (N = 51) and corresponding patient surveys to understand how pre‐appointment anxiety influences pre‐appointment patient uncertainty, patient–provider communication during the appointment, and subsequent post‐appointment uncertainty.

Results

The proposed model achieved good fit to the data such that more pre‐appointment anxiety was associated with more pre‐appointment uncertainty, more pre‐appointment anxiety was associated with more empathic opportunities per minute, and more empathic opportunities were associated with less post‐appointment uncertainty.

Conclusions

Results indicate breast cancer patients with anxiety pre‐appointment are at‐risk for more illness uncertainty and are more likely to explicitly provide empathic opportunities. This supports the need for added attention to empathic opportunities to not only address patients emotionally but to also assess whether a patient may be at higher risk of having preexisting anxiety.
Real life clinical outcomes of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma in the rituximab era: The STRIDER study
Authors: Dogliotti Irene , Peri Veronica , Clerico Michele , Vassallo Francesco , Musto Davide , Mercadante Silvio , Ragaini Simone , Botto Barbara , Levis Mario , Novo Mattia , Ghislieri Marco , Molinaro Luca , Mortara Umberto , Consoli Chiara , Lonardo Alessio , Bondielli Giulia , Ferrero Simone , Freilone Roberto , Ricardi Umberto , Bruno Benedetto , Cavallo Federica
Published: July 2024

Background

Relapse and refractory (R/R) rates after first‐line R‐CHOP in diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are ~40% and ~15% respectively.

Aims

We conducted a retrospective real‐world analysis aimed at evaluating clinical outcomes of R/R DLBCL patients.

Material and Methods

Overall, 403 consecutive DLBCL patients treated in two large hematological centers in Torino, Italy were reviewed.

Results

At a median follow up of 50 months, 5‐year overall survival from diagnosis (OS‐1) was 66.5%, and 2‐year progression free survival (PFS‐1) was 68%. 134 (34.4%) patients relapsed (n = 46, 11.8%) or were refractory (n = 88, 22.6%) to R‐CHOP. Most employed salvage treatments included platinum salt‐based regimens in 38/134 (28.4%), lenalidomide in 14 (10.4%). Median OS and PFS after disease relapse or progression (OS‐2 and PFS‐2) were 6.7 and 5.1 months respectively. No significant difference in overall response rate, OS‐2 or PFS‐2 in patients treated with platinum‐based regimens versus other regimens was observed. By multivariate analysis, age between 60 and 80 years, germinal center B cell type cell of origin and extranodal involvement of <2 sites were associated with better OS‐2.

Discussion

Our findings confirm very poor outcomes of R/R DLBCL in the rituximab era. Widespread approval by national Medicine Agencies of novel treatments such as CAR‐T cells and bispecific antibodies as second‐line is eagerly awaited to improve these outcomes.
Adjuvant 5‐fluorouracil and portal vein infusion chemotherapy followed by gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kitago Minoru , Endo Yutaka , Aiura Koichi , Takigawa Yutaka , Tani Noriyuki , Matsui Junichi , Suzuki Keiichi , Nishiyama Ryo , Nakano Yutaka , Abe Yuta , Yagi Hiroshi , Shinoda Masahiro , Itano Osamu , Tanabe Minoru , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: July 2024

Background

Although adjuvant gemcitabine (GEM) monotherapy improves the overall survival (OS) of patients with resected pancreatic cancer, its efficacy requires further improvement. This multicenter, phase II study investigated the efficacy of adjuvant portal vein infusion (PVI) chemotherapy followed by GEM therapy in patients with resected pancreatic cancer.

Methods

5‐fluorouracil (250 mg/day) and heparin (2000 IU/day) PVI chemotherapy were combined with systemic administration of mitomycin C (4 mg; days 6, 13, 20, and 27) and cisplatin (10 mg; days 7, 14, 21, and 28) for 4 weeks (PI4W), followed by GEM (1000 mg/m2; days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks for 6 months). The primary endpoint was relapse‐free survival (RFS) and the secondary endpoints were OS and treatment completion.

Results

Between November 2010 and August 2013, 53 patients who underwent complete resection were enrolled, including 30, 20, and 3 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomies and distal and total pancreatectomies, respectively. In total, 51 (96.2%) patients underwent R0 resection, of whom 3, 2, 12, 35, 0, and 1 had stages IA, IB, IIA, IIB, III, and IV cancer, respectively, and 47 (88.7%) patients completed PI4W. The median RFS was 22.0 months (1‐, 3‐, 5, and 10 years RFS: 64.9%, 38.1%, 38.1%, and 38.1%, respectively), whereas the median OS was 32.0 months (1‐, 3‐, 5, and 10 years OS:86.6%, 47.2%, 44.4%, and 44.4%, respectively).

Conclusion

Treatment with PI4W followed by GEM for 6 months after surgery may be beneficial in patients undergoing curative resection of pancreatic cancer.
The power of connection: Resource and responsibility in the virtual community experience of Italian trans and gender‐diverse activists
Authors: Compare Christian , Lorusso Maric Martin , Albanesi Cinzia
Published: July 2024

The community concept underwent a series of adaptations and integrations throughout the decades. One of these transitions was supported by the rise of virtual communities, especially social network sites (SNSs). These platforms are recognized to serve as spaces for marginalized groups like transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals to create safe and inclusive communities for self‐expression and activism. To investigate how TGD activists engage with SNS, 21 activists were interviewed, exploring challenges, potentials and perceptions. Reflexive thematic analysis revealed that participants perceive SNS in line with the community experience framework, viewing them as resources for accessing information, providing support and fostering belonging and investment, and as acts of responsibility aimed at nurturing reciprocity, sense of duty and social justice advocacy. However, SNS also proved to expose activists to vulnerability within the TGD community itself, where a hierarchy that marginalizes TGD identities with transnormative experiences is often reproduced. Additionally, SNS anonymity offers a safer environment for TGD individuals to come out but protects hate speech perpetrators. Thus, while pivotal in TGD activism and community building, the dual nature of SNS underscores the complexities of virtual spaces. Finally, the study calls for redefining the concept of community beyond the virtual–physical dichotomy.
Chemical Diversity of Aspergillus alliaceus Phenotypes: Discovery of brominated bianthrones with activity against triple‐negative breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Mandelare Paige E. , Yee Samantha S. , Icenhour Daniel G. , Kaweesa Elizabeth N. , McCauley Mark , Risinger April L. , Rudolf Jeffrey D. , Loesgen Sandra
Published: July 2024

Marine‐derived fungi have emerged as a source for novel metabolites with a broad range of bioactivities. However, accessing the full potential of fungi under standard laboratory conditions remains challenging. LC‐MS‐based metabolomics in combination with varied culture conditions is a fast and powerful tool to detect new metabolites. Here, three developmental forms of the marine‐derived fungus Aspergillus alliaceus were analyzed and 14 fungal metabolites, including new brominated polyketides (11‐14) were isolated. Structure elucidation relied mainly on 1D and 2D NMR techniques and was supported by low‐ and high‐resolution mass spectrometry and DFT‐based computations. We sequenced the A. alliaceus genome, identified the bianthrone‐producing biosynthetic gene cluster, and conducted expression analysis on genes involved in sexual development and biosynthesis. The NCI‐60 cell line panel revealed selective in vitro activity against triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) for the halogenated allianthrones and their full anti‐proliferative and cytotoxic effects were evaluated in five TNBC cell lines.
The influence of color vision deficiency on vessel visibility during colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection and the potential advantage of red dichromatic imaging to achieve color vision barrier‐free
Authors: Ohno Akiko , Miyamoto Naohiko , Kaji Ryosuke , Shirakawa Takahiro , Watanabe Moegi , Sumi Ryutaro , Jinbo Yoko , Kusuhara Mitsunori , Miyoshi Jun , Hisamatsu Tadakazu
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Although color information is important in gastrointestinal endoscopy, there are limited studies on how endoscopic images are viewed by people with color vision deficiency. We aimed to investigate the differences in the visibility of blood vessels during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) among people with different color vision characteristics and to examine the effect of red dichromatic imaging (RDI) on blood vessel visibility.

Methods

Seventy‐seven pairs of endoscopic images of white light imaging (WLI) and RDI of the same site were obtained during colorectal ESD. The original images were set as type C (WLI‐C and RDI‐C), a common color vision. These images were computationally converted to simulate images perceived by people with color vision deficiency protanope (Type P) or deutanope (Type D) and denoted as WLI‐P and RDI‐P or WLI‐D and RDI‐D. Blood vessels and background submucosa that needed to be identified during ESD were selected in each image, and the color differences between these two objects were measured using the color difference (ΔE00) to assess the visibility of blood vessels.

Results

ΔE00 between a blood vessel and the submucosa was greater under RDI (RDI‐C/P/D: 24.05 ± 0.64/22.85 ± 0.66/22.61 ± 0.64) than under WLI (WLI‐C/P/D: 22.26 ± 0.60/5.19 ± 0.30/8.62 ± 0.42), regardless of color vision characteristics. This improvement was more pronounced in Type P and Type D and approached Type C in RDI.

Conclusions

Color vision characteristics affect the visibility of blood vessels during ESD, and RDI improves blood vessel visibility regardless of color vision characteristics.
Global climate change‐driven impacts on the Asian distribution of Limassolla leafhoppers, with implications for biological and environmental conservation
Authors: Ran Weiwei , Chen Jiajia , Zhao Yuanqi , Zhang Ni , Luo Guimei , Zhao Zhibing , Song Yuehua
Published: July 2024

Knowing the impacts of global climate change on the habitat suitability distribution of Limassolla leafhoppers contributes to understanding the feedback of organisms on climate change from a macroecological perspective, and provides important scientific basis for protecting the ecological environment and biodiversity. However, there is limited knowledge on this aspect. Thus, our study aimed to address this gap by analyzing Asian habitat suitability and centroid shifts of Limassolla based on 19 bioclimatic variables and occurrence records. Selecting five ecological niche models with the outstanding predictive performance (Maxlike, generalized linear model, generalized additive model, random forest, and maximum entropy) along with their ensemble model from 12 models, the current habitat suitability of Limassolla and its future habitat suitability under two Shared Socio‐economic Pathways (SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5) in the 2050s and 2090s were predicted. The results showed that the prediction results of the five models are generally consistent. Based on ensemble model, 11 potential biodiversity hotspots with high suitability were identified. With climate change, the suitable range of Limassolla will experience both expansion and contraction. In SSP5‐8.52050s, the expansion area is 118.56 × 104 km2, while the contraction area is 25.40 × 104 km2; in SSP1‐2.62090s, the expansion area is 91.71 × 104 km2, and the contraction area is 26.54 × 104 km2. Furthermore, the distribution core of Limassolla will shift toward higher latitudes in the northeast direction, and the precipitation of warmest quarter was found to have the greatest impact on the distribution of Limassolla. Our research results supported our four hypotheses. Finally, this research suggests establishing ecological reserves in identified contraction to prevent habitat loss, enhancing the protection of biodiversity hotspots, and pursuing a sustainable development path with reduced emissions.
Langerhans cells and skin immune diseases
Authors: Zhu Ronghui , Yao Xu , Li Wei
Published: July 2024

Langerhans cells (LCs) are the key antigen‐presenting cells in the epidermis in normal conditions and respond differentially to environmental and/or endogenous stimuli, exerting either proinflammatory or anti‐inflammatory effects. Current knowledge about LCs mainly originates from studies utilizing mouse models, whereas with the development of single‐cell techniques, there has been significant progress for human LCs, which has updated our understanding of the phenotype, ontogeny, differentiation regulation, and function of LCs. In this review, we delineated the progress of human LCs and summarized LCs’ function in inflammatory skin diseases, providing new ideas for precise regulation of LC function in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases.
Geomorphological analysis of the Antinaco‐Los Colorados valley, La Rioja province, Argentina
Authors: Corbat María Cecilia , Fucks Enrique , Juárez Oscar , Perdomo Santiago , Kruse Eduardo
Published: July 2024

The Antinaco‐Los Colorados valley (ALCV) is a tectonic depression located in the centre‐north of the province of La Rioja (Argentina), limited to both the east and west by mountain ranges, in the broken foreland region. Geomorphological research on environmental dynamics is important for both building a reference framework for further studies and for the development of the socio‐economic activities in the area. This study presents the main geomorphological features of the tectonic depression at the regional scale in order to identify the primary factors involved in its evolution and the landforms it contains. The ALCV is asymmetric, and it is filled by up to 1600 m of sediments along the western margin. Using literature, images, digital elevation models of the study area and field work, different morphologies were identified in the valley, mostly linked to Quaternary climatic and tectonic changes. These morphologies were grouped into three main morphogenetic units that characterize this landscape: the relict piedmont levels, the current piedmont and the fluvial‐aeolian plain. The identification of fluvial forms suggests that fluvial systems have been important during the evolution of the landscape. Aeolian accumulation features, currently mostly vegetated, were likely formed under drier climatic conditions than those at present and probably related to the last ice age or even more recent times. Successive reactivations of the overall system are not only tectonic, as evidenced by the structural lineaments that affect relict piedmont levels and the fluvial‐aeolian plain, but also climatic. Thus, the identified landforms suggest that climatic and tectonic variables account for the variations in the environment of the ALCV, affecting the reaccommodation of the exogenous geomorphological processes and the modelling of the relief.
Dairy milk: There are alternatives but no equivalents
Authors: Beckett Emma L. , Cassettari Tim , Starck Carlene , Fayet‐Moore Flávia
Published: July 2024

Dairy milk is a core food in many food‐based guides to healthy eating. However, plant‐based milk alternatives are becoming increasingly available as substitutes. While these products serve a subset of the population unable or unwilling to consume milk, plant‐based milk alternatives can be perceived by consumers as direct equivalents, or even more healthful alternatives to dairy milk. This commentary addresses the significant differences in nutrient content that may have implications for the intake of key nutrients in the case of direct substitutions. Furthermore, while there is a significant body of knowledge demonstrating the significant health benefits associated with dairy milk consumption and a small number of potentially negative associations, there is a paucity of data on the health benefits of plant‐based milk alternatives directly. A “health halo” may exist based on matching individual nutrients through fortification, lower energy levels, and the health properties of the unprocessed raw characterizing ingredients of plant‐based milk alternatives. This may mislead consumers regarding healthfulness. Similarly, environmental attributes based on volumes of production, without considering contribution to nutrients, may also skew consumer perception. Positioning of plant‐based milk alternatives in food‐based dietary guidelines, marketing, and personal recommendations should acknowledge the differences in nutritional, bioactive, and health properties between plant‐based milk alternatives and dairy milk to ensure appropriate adaptations are made to account for shortfalls in nutrients.
Utilizing chia flour‐based gelled emulsion for the development of functional beef patties with enhanced nutritional profile
Authors: Serdaroğlu Meltem , Yüncü‐Boyacı Özlem , Kavuşan Hülya Serpil
Published: July 2024

This study evaluated chia flour, egg white powder, and peanut oil gelled emulsion (GE) as a fat replacer in beef patties. Four formulations were prepared, replacing beef fat with different levels of gelled emulsion: 0% (C), 50% (G50), 75% (G75), and 100% (G100). The beef patties with GE showed improved nutritional properties, technological parameters, and cooking characteristics. A remarkable reduction in SFAs was achieved with the substitution of beef fat by the GE, with reductions of 33.71%, 46.64%, and 72.04% for 50%, 75%, and 100% substitution levels, respectively. AI and TI indices decreased, indicating healthier profiles. Reformulated samples exhibited lower hardness, gumminess, and chewiness values. Color and appearance were similar to the control, with higher sensory scores for G75 and G100. GE impacted color parameters, increasing L* and b* values. The utilization of GE effectively minimized voids in the beef patty structure, leading to improved cooking yield and a more compact structure. GE influenced oxidative stability, with average onset temperatures of 126.33°C (50% GE), 140.58°C (75% GE), and 127.04°C (100% GE). In conclusion, gelled emulsions could successfully contribute to producing healthier meat products.
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the larynx: A case report and scoping review
Authors: Werner Michael T. , Cooper Dylan J. , Kaplan Seth E.
Published: July 2024

Background

This scoping review aims to review cases of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) of the larynx to establish best management practices for this rare clinical entity.

Methods

In this paper, we report a case of laryngeal MZL, in accordance with CARE guidelines. We then performed a scoping review according to PRISMA‐ScR criteria of published cases of MZL involving the larynx. The following data were collected for each case: age, sex, size, location(s) involved, stage, treatment, follow‐up, and recurrence duration.

Results

Sixty‐six patients with laryngeal MZL, first reported in 1990, were identified. Characterized by its low‐grade histological appearance and indolent course, laryngeal MZL is generally confined to the larynx and has an excellent prognosis with radiation used as first‐line therapy.

Conclusions

It is imperative for clinicians to consider lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of a laryngeal tumor from any subsite, as certain pathologies may carry high risks of metastasis.
Potential mechanisms and targeting strategies of the gut microbiota in antitumor immunity and immunotherapy
Authors: Yin Qian , Ni Jiao‐jiao , Ying Jie‐er
Published: July 2024

Background

Immunotherapies, notably immune checkpoints inhibitors that target programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1(PD‐1/PD‐L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 (CTLA‐4), had profoundly changed the way advanced and metastatic cancers are treated and dramatically improved overall and progression‐free survival.

Aims

This review article aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects antitumor immunity and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

Methods

We summarized the latest knowledge supporting the associations among the gut microbiota, antitumor immunity, and immunotherapy. Moreover, we disscussed the therapeutic strategy for improving immunotherapy efficacy by modulating gut microbiota in cancer treatment.

Results

The potential molecular mechanisms underlying these associations are explained in terms of four aspects: immunomodulation, molecular mimicry, mamps, and microbial metabolites.

Conclusion

The gut microbiota significantly impacts antitumor immunity and alters the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.
Anatomical‐based classification of dorsolateral parametrectomy for deep endometriosis. Correlation with surgical complications and functional outcomes: A single‐ center prospective study
Authors: Ianieri Manuel Maria , Alesi Maria Vittoria , Querleu Denis , Ercoli Alfredo , Chiantera Vito , Carcagnì Antonella , Campolo Federica , Greco Pierfrancesco , Scambia Giovanni
Published: July 2024

Objective

To evaluate complication rate and functional outcomes of nerve‐sparing parametrectomy for deep endometriosis in relation to the extension of the surgical procedure, based on recognizable anatomical landmarks.

Methods

This was a prospective single‐center study including all patients undergoing parametrectomy for deep endometriosis from September 2020 to June 2023 at our tertiary center. Dorsolateral parametrectomies were divided into parametrectomies medial to the presacral fascia and cranial to the medial rectal artery (superficial parametrectomy), and parametrectomies in which one of the two landmarks was overcome during the surgical procedure, leading to the excision of tissue lateral to the presacral fascia (deep parametrectomy type 1, or DP1) or caudal to the medial rectal artery (DP2). Finally, we used the hypogastric fascia as landmark to define type 3 deep parametrectomy (DP3), when the procedure was deeply lateral to the fascia.

Results

Bladder voiding deficit occurred in 9.7% of cases, with higher rates in DP2 (20.8%) and DP3 (30%) groups. Regarding postoperative gastrointestinal function, our data showed a significant improvement over time in all groups, with the exception of DP2; instead an improvement in postoperative bladder function was only shown in DP3. Parametrectomy was not associated with a simultaneous improvement in sexual function expressed with the female sexual function index, in any of the four groups.

Conclusion

Our classification constitutes a concrete approach for comparing, in a standardized way, the complications and functional outcomes of parametrectomy, which, even if carried out by expert surgeons, demonstrates a non‐negligible rate of bladder voiding deficit.
Safety and efficacy of motor imagery‐based physical activity in high‐risk pregnancy: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Yakıt Yeşilyurt Seda , Birinci Olgun Tansu , Ayaz Taş Seda , Tosun Gökhan , Özer Mehmet , Özengin Nuriye
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of motor imagery‐based physical activity on maternal well‐being, maternal blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, fetal heart rate, and uterine contractions in women with high‐risk pregnancies.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital from August 2023 to January 2024. Seventy‐six women with high‐risk pregnancies were randomized into two groups: a motor imagery group (n = 38, diaphragmatic‐breathing exercise and motor imagery‐based physical activity) and a control group (n = 38, diaphragmatic‐breathing exercise). Maternal well‐being was determined using the Numerical Rating Scale‐11. Digital sphygmomanometry was used to measure maternal heart rate and blood pressure, pulse oximetry for oxygen saturation, and cardiotocography for fetal heart rate and uterine contractions. Assessments were performed pre‐intervention, mid‐intervention, and post‐intervention.

Results

There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups (P > 0.05). There was a significant main effect of time in terms of maternal well‐being and maternal heart rate (P = 0.001 and P = 0.015). In addition, there was a significant main effect of the group on oxygen saturation (P = 0.025). The overall group‐by‐time interaction was significant for maternal well‐beingm with an effect size of 0.05 (P = 0.041).

Conclusion

The combination of diaphragmatic‐breathing exercises and a motor imagery‐based physical activity program in women with high‐risk pregnancies was determined to have no adverse effects on the fetus, did not induce uterine contractions, and resulted in a significant improvement in maternal well‐being and oxygen saturation. Thus, imagery‐based physical activity can be used in high‐risk pregnancies where physical activity and exercise are not recommended.