bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Would You Rather . . . a Simulation or a Client-Based Project? A Case Study of Experiential Learning Methods in Digital Marketing Analytics Courses
Authors: Zhang Shaoling (Katee) , Scribner Lisa L.
Published: January 2024

The rapid evolution of digital marketing, characterized by the surge in digital channels and data, has amplified the demand for graduates specialized in digital marketing analytics (DMA). Yet, marketing educators contend with insufficient theoretical guidance and practical pedagogical methods in the course design that aligns with industry expectations in teaching analytics within the novel context of digital marketing. Addressing this void, this paper presents a case study operationalizing a practice-informed model through two experiential learning methods—simulations and client-based projects–in teaching these courses. These methods, grounded in three practice-informed dimensions (i.e., knowledge, hard skills, and soft skills), are incorporated to structure two separate sections of a DMA course over distinct semesters. Preliminary findings from student data regarding actual and perceived learning outcomes suggest a slight edge for the simulation approach over the client-based project approach. However, our faculty reflection delves deeper into the benefits and challenges of both approaches. This case study aims to offer insights and recommendations for marketing educators considering incorporating a practice-informed approach integrated with experiential learning methods to teach their DMA courses.
Lane-level route planning for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Jones Mitchell , Haas-Heger Maximilian , van den Berg Jur
Published: January 2024

We present an algorithm that, given a representation of a road network in lane-level detail, computes a route that minimizes the expected cost to reach a given destination. In doing so, our algorithm allows us to solve for the complex trade-offs encountered when trying to decide not just which roads to follow, but also when to change between the lanes making up these roads, in order to—for example—reduce the likelihood of missing a left exit while not unnecessarily driving in the leftmost lane. This routing problem can naturally be formulated as a Markov Decision Process (MDP), in which lane change actions have stochastic outcomes. However, MDPs are known to be time-consuming to solve in general. In this paper, we show that—under reasonable assumptions—we can use a Dijkstra-like approach to solve this stochastic problem, and benefit from its efficient O( n log  n) running time. This enables an autonomous vehicle to exhibit lane-selection behavior as it efficiently plans an optimal route to its destination.
Lesions and viral antigen distribution in bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and great horned owls naturally infected with H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
Authors: Wünschmann Arno , Franzen-Klein Dana , Torchetti Mia , Confeld Michele , Carstensen Michelle , Hall Victoria
Published: January 2024

An epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) began in North America in the winter of 2021. The introduced Eurasian H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus subsequently reassorted with North American avian influenza strains. This postmortem study describes the lesions and influenza A virus antigen distribution in 3 species of raptors, including bald eagles ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus, n = 6), red-tailed hawks ( Buteo jamaicensis, n = 9), and great horned owls ( Bubo virginianus, n = 8), naturally infected with this virus strain based on positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sequencing results from oropharyngeal swabs. The birds presented with severe neurologic signs and either died or were euthanized because of the severity of their clinical signs and suspected influenza virus infection. Gross lesions were uncommon and included forebrain hemorrhages in 2 eagles, myocarditis in 1 hawk, and multifocal pancreatic necrosis in 3 owls. Histological lesions were common and included encephalitis, myocarditis, multifocal pancreas necrosis, multifocal adrenal necrosis, histiocytic splenitis, and anterior uveitis in decreasing frequency. Influenza A viral antigen was detected in brain, heart, pancreas, adrenal gland, kidney, spleen, liver, and eye. In conclusion, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and great horned owls infected with the HPAI clade 2.3.4.4b virus strain and showing neurological signs of illness may develop severe or fatal disease with histologically detectable lesions in the brain that are frequently positive for viral antigen.
Swine models in translational research and medicine
Authors: Meyerholz David K. , Burrough Eric R. , Kirchhof Nicole , Anderson Douglas J. , Helke Kristi L.
Published: January 2024

Swine are increasingly studied as animal models of human disease. The anatomy, size, longevity, physiology, immune system, and metabolism of swine are more like humans than traditional rodent models. In addition, the size of swine is preferred for surgical placement and testing of medical devices destined for humans. These features make swine useful for biomedical, pharmacological, and toxicological research. With recent advances in gene-editing technologies, genetic modifications can readily and efficiently be made in swine to study genetic disorders. In addition, gene-edited swine tissues are necessary for studies testing and validating xenotransplantation into humans to meet the critical shortfall of viable organs versus need. Underlying all of these biomedical applications, the knowledge of husbandry, background diseases and lesions, and biosecurity needs are important for productive, efficient, and reproducible research when using swine as a human disease model for basic research, preclinical testing, and translational studies.
Effects of Dynamic Mathematical Software on Students’ Performance: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ji Zhongtian , Guo Kan , Song Shuang
Published: January 2024

As a significant tool to integrate information technology and education, dynamic mathematical software (DMS) has been widely concerned in recent years. However, how to better apply it to instruction practice deserves further exploration. Thus, we adopted the meta-analysis method to analyze the DMS-based experiments published between 2000 and 2020. A three-level meta-analysis of data from 107 studies involving 10,507 participants and 138 effect sizes revealed a moderate effect size (d = .632, 95% CI = [.550, .713]). Moreover, moderator analyses showed that: (1) cultural background had significant moderating effects; (2) students performed better on near-transfer tests than far-transfer tests; (3) DMS used by students independently had better effects; (4) intervention duration had significant moderating effects; (5) some of the above significant moderating effects were unique after controlling for others. Overall, our findings suggest that DMS has positive effects on students’ performance and teachers should be meticulous in designing their teaching plans.
Optimal design of the response surface for the root cutting of a hydroponic lettuce harvesting tool
Authors: Gao Guohua , Li Zhi , Zhang Zihua , Lu Xiaofei , Zhai Shaoyu , Zhu Zhenjiang
Published: January 2024

A new type of continuous harvester is designed to address the problems of high labor cost and low efficiency in the process of harvesting lettuce in greenhouse hydroponics. The designed harvester is mainly composed of three parts, namely, reciprocating cutter, driving mechanism, and belt conveyor. The response surface method is used to establish the mathematical model between the force acting on the lettuce roots and the reciprocating speed of the cutter, the inclination angle of the cutter, and the conveying speed of lettuce. The reliability of the mathematical model is verified, and the optimal parameter combination of the force on the lettuce root is obtained. Considering the actual harvesting method, the destruction rate, damage rate, and success rate of lettuce are used as the design indexes in the experiment. Results showed that the force on the lettuce stem is the smallest under the optimal parameter combination of the reciprocating motion speed of the cutting blade (100 mm/s), the inclination angle of the cutting blade (2.31°), and the conveying speed of the lettuce (64.49 mm/s). When the minimum force is 1.91 N, the destruction rate of lettuce harvest is 1.85%, the damage rate of lettuce is 3.71%, and the success rate of lettuce harvest is 94.44%. This study offers a potential solution for the automatic harvesting of hydroponic lettuce in a greenhouse.
Comparison of joining hole making methods for fiber reinforced FDM 3D printing parts
Authors: Lv Wei , Qin Xuda , Bao Zhengwei , Guo Wenchao , Meng Xianming , Li Hao
Published: January 2024

In this paper, continuous fiber reinforced plastic composite fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing and conventional material removal processing methods were combined to investigate the effects of hole-making methods (printing, drilling and helical milling) and fiber filling patterns (solid pattern and rhombic grid pattern) on the quality and mechanical properties of joining holes in printed parts. This study evaluated the cutting forces during hole machining and assessed hole quality based on defect analysis, diameter accuracy, roundness error, and wall morphology, complemented by cost comparisons. It was observed that holes manufactured by conventional material removal methods were of better quality, but were also more costly. Tensile tests were conducted on the bolted joint structures to evaluate the mechanical properties of the joining holes, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations were performed on the cross-sections of bolted joints to analyze the tensile damage patterns. It was found that helical milled holes exhibit unique damage patterns and greater ultimate tensile displacements due to the existence of fibers directly involved in load bearing at the hole walls. This leads to a significant increase in energy absorption performance. The tensile properties of the structures consisting of specimens with a fiber filling angle of 0°/90° were superior to those with a fiber filling angle of 45°/135°. Additionally, the mechanical properties were found to be slightly better using the rhombic grid pattern than the solid pattern for the same fiber filling density and fiber filling angle. These findings provide valuable insights into the choice of preparation methods for joining holes in 3D printed parts to achieve optimal performance in a variety of engineering applications.
Dynamic prediction of survival using multivariate functional principal component analysis: A strict landmarking approach
Authors: Gomon Daniel , Putter Hein , Fiocco Marta , Signorelli Mirko
Published: January 2024

Dynamically predicting patient survival probabilities using longitudinal measurements has become of great importance with routine data collection becoming more common. Many existing models utilize a multi-step landmarking approach for this problem, mostly due to its ease of use and versatility but unfortunately most fail to do so appropriately. In this article we make use of multivariate functional principal component analysis to summarize the available longitudinal information, and employ a Cox proportional hazards model for prediction. Additionally, we consider a centred functional principal component analysis procedure in an attempt to remove the natural variation incurred by the difference in age of the considered subjects. We formalize the difference between a ‘relaxed’ landmarking approach where only validation data is landmarked and a ‘strict’ landmarking approach where both the training and validation data are landmarked. We show that a relaxed landmarking approach fails to effectively use the information contained in the longitudinal outcomes, thereby producing substantially worse prediction accuracy than a strict landmarking approach.
Let Me Move: A Legal Analysis of Residence Restrictions on Asylum-Seekers in Ceuta, Melilla and the Canary Islands
Authors: Ruiz Ramos Juan
Published: January 2024

For over a decade, Spanish police have prevented asylum-seekers in Ceuta and Melilla—two Spanish exclaves in Northern Africa—from moving to mainland Spain. Since 2020, similar measures have been taken in the Canary Islands. However, this practice has not taken place in a vacuum. This article shows that the Spanish authorities have long drafted and interpreted Spanish law in such a way as to create a veil of legality over these residence restrictions. Moreover, they have ignored attempts by the courts to uphold the freedom of asylum-seekers to choose their place of residence within the borders of the State. The government and the police have thus exercised a kind of “diluted” legal social control, in which legal certainty and human rights safeguards are out of the picture. This article analyzes the issue from different perspectives, using social control theories, classical legal doctrinal analysis, and comparisons with criminal law.
Multiple Gestations: Neonatal and Maternal Characteristics
Authors: Budh Hetal , Sinha Anish , Agrawal Avishek , Jain Gunjan
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Multiple gestation neonates are commonly found in older age women along with increasing use of assisted reproductive techniques. They are at an increased risk of complications and also impose financial, emotional, social, and psychological burdens on the family. There is a paucity of studies on multiple gestations in India, hence this study was conducted to evaluate the clinical profile and associated comorbidities in neonates born through multiple gestations which can help in anticipating, preparing, and managing possible complications.

Methodology

This was a prospective observational study conducted in a Level III neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. All intramural neonates delivered with multiple gestations were included. Data regarding the antenatal, perinatal, and hospital course of the neonates were documented.

Results

A total of 75 intramural neonates (36 twins and 1 triplet) were enrolled in the study. About 67.6% were delivered via caesarean section and 81.1% were spontaneous conception. The most common maternal complications observed were hyperemesis gravidarum (56.76%) followed by pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (40.54%). About 80% of twin neonates were diamniotic dichorionic (DADC) and 42% of twin neonates had vertex-vertex presentation. Almost 22.7% of neonates required neonatal resuscitation and 98% had a birth weight <2.5 kg. Initiation of breastfeeding was delayed, and longer hospital stay was observed in preterm neonates with birth weight ≤1.5 kg and birth weight discordance.

Conclusion

Multiple gestations are associated with significant neonatal complications owing to prematurity and low birth weight. Thorough knowledge of these complications helps in better fetal and neonatal surveillance and prevention of adverse outcomes.
The Impact of Breast Crawl on the Effectiveness of Breastfeeding in the First 48 Hours: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Dhanawade Sara Subodh , Chouksey Ruchika , Bhore Gracy
Published: January 2024

Background

Breast crawl is known to be the most natural, spontaneous, and logical method of initiating breastfeeding; however, not practiced routinely in many labor rooms.

Objective

The study’s primary objective was to examine the effect of breast crawl on breastfeeding in the first 48 hours.

Method

60 mother-infant dyads were included. Thirty infants were assigned to either Group 1 (breast crawl) or Group 2 (standard care) using a quasi-experimental design. All babies were observed for 1 hour. A blinded investigator did the LATCH (Latch Audible Swallowing Type of Nipple Comfort Hold) score and IBFAT (Infant Breast Feeding Assessment Tool) score at 24 and 48 hours.

Result

Out of 30 babies in the breast crawl group, 25 (83.3%) successfully completed breast crawl. 20 (80%) of 25 babies completed breast crawl within 45 minutes, and 5 (20%) completed within 60 minutes. LATCH and IBFAT scores were significantly higher in the breast crawl group than in the standard care group at 24 and 48 hours ( p > .01). Scores were significantly higher after 48 hours compared to 24 hours in both groups ( p > .01).

Conclusion

Most babies in the study successfully crawled the breast and took their first feed within 60 minutes. The breast crawl group had better LATCH and IBFAT scores, indicating a positive impact in the early postnatal period.
Information Needed, Sources of Information, and Barriers of Acquiring Required Information by Pregnant Women in Southern Sri Lanka
Authors: Weeramuni Naduni Prasadani , Karunanayaka Athapattu Dona Shashika Shayanthi , Perera Bilesha
Published: January 2024

Background:

A correct understanding of pregnancy and related issues would facilitate pregnant women to manage their pregnancies well. The objective of this study was to assess the pregnancy-related information needed by pregnant women in Sri Lanka and the obstacles that they face when acquiring such information.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 pregnant women admitted to a teaching hospital in Southern Sri Lanka. Data related to demography, information needed, sources of information seeking, and barriers that they face in acquiring such information were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Mean scores of the information needed (ranges 0–4) in different areas and a total score of the information needed were calculated. Regression analysis was used to identify possible predictors of information needed by the target group.

Results:

Family members, visiting obstetrician and gynecologist, antenatal clinical staff, and midwives were the common sources of information for nearly 80% of the participants. Psychological and physical complications after delivery (2.61 ± 1.21), special tests during pregnancy (2.44 ± 1.26), development and growth of the fetus (2.40 ± 1.26), and nutrition during pregnancy (2.36 ± 1.26) were the main areas where accurate and more information was sought by the participants. Failures in making a distinction between correct and incorrect information received ( n = 113 [26.9%]) and poor interactions between healthcare providers and pregnant women ( n = 103 [24.5%]) were the main barriers identified in acquiring trustworthy information. About one-fourth of the participants had used pregnancy-related apps. Information needs were high among pregnant women with less number of children ( β = −0.14, p < .01). Age, income, and area of living (rural or urban) did not significantly predict information needs in this target population.

Conclusion:

The free maternal and child healthcare system prevailing in the country seems to be the main source of information gathering for pregnant mothers. Physical, psychological, and nutritional facts related to pregnancy and its management should be increased among pregnant mothers, and it is imperative to empower them in the identification of correct information from authenticated sources. Primigravida women need more educational support. Electronic platforms should be effectively used in the future to disseminate information required by pregnant women in the country.
Assessment of Respiratory Functions, Activities of Daily Living, and Quality of Life of the Post-mechanical Ventilated Patients
Authors: Kaur G. , Kaur S. , Dhandapani M. , Yaddanapudi N.
Published: January 2024

Background:

The fundamental goal of mechanical ventilation is to restore and improve respiratory functions and relieve respiratory distress, thus permitting lungs and airways to heal in acute and chronic respiratory failure conditions. Associated post-mechanical ventilation complications may increase the chance of re-intubation, poor quality of life, hospital stay and hospital costs, and so on.

Objective:

To assess the respiratory functions, activities of daily living, and quality of life of the post-mechanical ventilated patients.

Methods:

Using a purposive sampling technique, 72 patients after 24 h of weaning from the ventilator were enrolled in the study. Their socio-demographic profile, respiratory functions, activities of daily living, and quality of life were assessed using validated tools.

Results:

The mean respiratory rate per minute and oxygen saturation were 21.69 ± 4.10 and 93.58 ± 3.73, respectively. A total of 58.9% of the patients had dyspnea, 18.1% had abnormal breathing sound, 22.3% were using accessory muscles during breathing, 20.9% had pain during breathing, and 18.1% had cough with sputum production after extubation. Three fourth of the patients had complete dependency (75%) to perform activities of daily living. More than half (59.8%) of the patients had good quality of life scores as per the SF-36 item scale.

Conclusion:

There is a need to plan nursing interventions for patients in order to decrease post-mechanical ventilation complications.
Cost-effectiveness and Side Effects of Using Heparin and Enoxaparin as a Treatment for COVID-19-associated Coagulopathy
Authors: Idris Nurul Iska Ulmarika , Purba Abdul Khairul Rizki , Mustika Arifa , Veterini Anna Surgean , Alsagaff Mochamad Yusuf , Qorib Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Objective:

To analyze the cost-effectiveness and side effects of Heparin and Enoxaparin anti-coagulants in patients with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC).

Materials and Methods:

This was an observational study with a retrospective design of CAC patients from May 2020 to May 2022 in Surabaya, Indonesia, who received Heparin and Enoxaparin. Effectiveness was comprehensively evaluated as clinical outcomes including mortality, length of stay (LOS), laboratory results, and side effects. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation was analyzed by constructing Decision Tree modeling followed by Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) considering Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY), and Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). In addition, probability sensitivity analysis was performed to consider the cost-effective intervention.

Results:

A number of 274 samples were included from Medical Records and finance reports. Heparin has a higher mortality rate compared to Enoxaparin (13.9% vs. 23.9; p = 0.040), with no difference in the side effects ( p = 0.056). D-Dimer reported a significant change in values after receiving Heparin (2271.01 ± 4595.50 ng/mL) and Enoxaparin (2140.95 ± 5681.98 ng/mL), p = 0.019. Enoxaparin was more cost-effective in pharmacoeconomic analysis, with a US$130.58/QALY ACER value, while Heparin was US$138.67/QALY.

Conclusion:

Enoxaparin therapy has better effectiveness, while side effects and costs are similar to Heparin. However, Enoxaparin is far more cost-effective to use against CAC conditions than Heparin.
Intentions to Quit, Quit Attempts, and the Use of Cessation Aids Among Malaysian Adult Smokers: Findings From the 2020 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Malaysia Survey
Authors: Kamaludin Ina Sharyn , How Lim Sin , Yee Anne , Kaai Susan C. , Yan Mi , Danaee Mahmoud , Amer Nordin Amer Siddiq , Mohd Hairi Farizah , Ahmad Tajuddin Nur Amani , Hasan Siti Idayu , Quah Anne C. K. , Fong Geoffrey T.
Published: January 2024

This study examined quitting behavior and use of cessation aids (CAs) among Malaysian adult smokers aged ≥18 years (n = 1,047). Data were from the 2020 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Malaysia Survey were analyzed. A total of 79.9% of Malaysian smokers attempted to quit in the past 12 months and 85.2% intended to quit in the next 6 months. The most common CAs were e-cigarettes (ECs) (61.4%), medication/nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs; 51.0%), and printed materials (36.7%); the least common CA was infoline/quitline services (8.1%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between sociodemographic variables and CAs use. Male smokers were more likely to use infoline/quitline services (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.27; P = .034). Malay smokers were more likely to use infoline/quitline services (aOR = 3.36; P = .002), ECs (aOR = 1.90; P = .004), printed materials (aOR = 1.79; P = .009), and in-person services (aOR = 1.75; P = .043). Most Malaysian smokers wanted to quit smoking. Furthermore, ECs were the most popular CAs, highlighting the need to assess the effectiveness of ECs for quitting smoking in Malaysia.
Unicorns, rainbows, and unicorn magic: Storying new knowledge of black masculinities within the WWE
Authors: Dickerson Nikolas
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the story arc of a trio of Black male wrestlers called the New Day within the World Wrestling Entertainment industry (WWE) who go from militant nationalists, stereotypical singing/dancing preachers, and finally to self-described unicorns bringing magic back to the WWE. Wrestling is used to explore anti-Blackness, Black masculinity, and conceptions of the human/humanity. Drawing on Katherine McKittrick's Black methodological intervention of textual accumulation to interrogate issues of race, masculinity, and sexuality within their performances, I argue the group's unique position as wrestlers allows us to conceptualize the trio as “writers” of fiction; a position that when read through Kevin Young's concept of storying provides insight into a Black creative practice engaging in alternative worldmaking and rewriting understandings of the human outside of a Western European framework. I advocate that the stories of the New Day not only provide glimpses into new genres of being human, but also forms of Black manhood(s) outside of a patriarchal framework.
Caring for Patients Requiring Venous Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Can Upstream Palliative Care Make a Difference?
Authors: Stevens Katie , Anandan Samuel R. , Rahman Husneara , Parikh Sima , Leung An Gao , Benintendi Andrea , Van Ogtrop Katlynn M. , Stancavage Alyssa , Magalee Christopher J. , Manetta Frank , Saikus Christina , Lopez Santiago
Published: January 2024

Objective

Palliative care consultation is relevant for patients requiring Venous-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO); however, evidence is limited to support its value. For this population, we compared length of stay (LOS) (primary outcome), operational metrics and goals of care (GOC) frequency before and after a collaboration between cardiothoracic (CT) surgery and Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine (GaP).

Methods

Retrospective chart review of patients (18+) admitted to a quaternary center that required VA-ECMO between 2019-2021 and received GaP consultation. Demographics, LOS, times to consult, illness severity, GOC, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results

120 patients met inclusion criteria and 64 (53.3%) had GaP consultation. No differences were observed regarding demographics and insertion status (emergent vs elective). Median (IQR) days to GaP consult for 2019, 2020 and 2021 were 6.5 (4.0-14.5), 5.0 (2.0-11.0) and 3.0 (2.0-5.0), respectively ( P = .006). Median days from insertion to consult for 2019, 2020 and 2021 were 6.0 (4.0-20.0), 3.0 (1.0-6.0) and 2.0 (1.0-4.0) ( P = .003). Among survivors, over the 3-year course, median LOS was not statistically different. Between expired patients, median (IQR) LOS for 2019, 2020, and 2021 was 28.5 (23.0-40.0), 12.0 (8.0-14.0), 11.0 (5.0-17.0) days ( P = .013). For patients not seen by GaP, 8 (14.3%) GOC notes were documented, compared with 42 (65.6%) for patients seen. Mortality was similar (53.6% vs 53.1% [GaP]).

Conclusion

For patient on VA-ECMO, early GaP consultation may improve hospital LOS and GOC rates. We suggest organizations consider early palliative integration when instituting mechanical circulatory support.
Prognostic Implications of Immature Platelet Fraction at 5-Year Follow-up Among ACS Patients Treated With Dual Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: Gumiężna Karolina , Baruś Piotr , Sygitowicz Grażyna , Wiśniewska Agnieszka , Bednarek Adrian , Zabłocki Jakub , Piasecki Adam , Klimczak-Tomaniak Dominika , Kochman Janusz , Grabowski Marcin , Tomaniak Mariusz
Published: January 2024

Objective: Platelets are strongly associated with cardiovascular events due to their role in thrombotic processes. Reticulated platelets have higher prothrombotic potential. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of immature platelet fraction (IPF) in predicting long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This prospective, observational study enrolled patients with ACS treated with dual antiplatelet therapy comprising acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel or ticagrelor. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint defined as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE): all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, or unplanned revascularization. IPF was determined using flow cytometry in the first 24 h of hospitalization. MACE were evaluated by 2 physicians based on electronic databases and source documentation including discharge letters received from patients upon telephone contact. Results: Overall, there were 140 ACS patients (mean age 65.1 ± 11.7, 37 females [26.4%]) included in this study. Of them, 22.9% had diabetes mellitus, 69.3% hyperlipidemia, 25% had a history of MI. The median IPF values were 2.85 [1.8-4.2] %. Clinical follow-up (median time: 57 months [interquartile range 55-59 months]) was available for 130 patients (92.9%). MACE occurred in 27 patients (20.8%). There were higher rates of MACE at higher IPF tertiles (3rd vs 1st tertile: HR = 5.341 95% CI: 1.546-18.454, P = .008). Cox regression analyses showed that IPF level was independently associated with MACE. Time-dependent receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis revealed area under the curve of 0.656 for 5-year outcome with an IPF cutoff point of 3.45% being 63.0% sensitive and 65.0% specific for MACE. Conclusions: The study showed IPF may be an independent predictor of long-term mortality and MACE (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT06177587).
Support or Betrayal? Swedish Survivors’ Experiences of Support From Social Workers During Post-Separation Violence
Authors: Kjellberg Josefin
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study is to shed light on how Swedish female survivors of male intimate partner violence experience support from social workers during post-separation violence. This is explored through an interview study with sixteen survivors. Hester’s three planet model is utilized in the analysis. The results show that while the survivors described positive experiences of support from social workers on the Domestic violence planet, they felt social workers in the family law system on the Child contact planet enabled post-separation violence, and reported that this contributed to them feeling betrayed rather than supported.
A Qualitative Exploration of Intimate Partner Violence Among HIV/TB Coinfected Persons With Problematic Alcohol Use Participating in an Incentive-Based Alcohol/Medication Adherence Intervention in Uganda During COVID-19
Authors: Miller Amanda P. , Appa Ayesha , Muyindike Winnie , Fatch Robin , Kekibiina Allen , Beesiga Brian , Adong Julian , Emenyonu Nneka , Marson Kara , Getahun Monica , Kamya Moses , Chamie Gabriel , Camlin Carol S. , Hahn Judith A.
Published: January 2024

In Uganda, four in ten women report experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) in the past year. Salient drivers of IPV in sub-Saharan Africa include stress related to household finances, alcohol use, and partner infidelity. We conducted 42 interviews with participants ( n = 32) in the Drinkers' Intervention to Prevent Tuberculosis (DIPT) study which included economic incentives, and their partners ( n = 10) to understand how participating in DIPT during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions impacted relationship dynamics in intimate partnerships. Our findings highlight the need to develop policies to address root causes of IPV and to ensure continuity of IPV services in future pandemics. Policy and programming recommendations based on study results are presented.
Student Knowledge of University Confidential Resources and Title IX Training Effectiveness
Authors: Kathan Stephanie C. , Lai Jianchao , Wilf Sara , Imbroane Marisa
Published: January 2024

Though many universities offer resources to student survivors of sexual violence, student survivors who do not know about these resources cannot utilize their services. Students who are unaware of the confidentiality status of these services may seek assistance from an on-campus service without realizing the potential consequences. Under the theory of institutional betrayal, knowledge of confidential resources may prevent experiences of institutional betrayal for students who have experienced sexual violence. This research examines predictors of student knowledge regarding the confidentiality status of university resources for student survivors. Several variables were found to be associated with student knowledge of confidential on-campus resources. Implications for Title IX training and student resource availability are discussed, including the need for additional support for specific student populations.
Correlation analysis of EGFR gene mutation abundance and the efficacy of targeted therapy with osimertinib in nonsmall cell lung cancer—a case control study
Authors: Yan Haiqiang , Peng Jigui , Zhou Wang , Chen Hui , He Changjin
Published: January 2024

Background

In nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is the primary cancer-causing mutation. But whether the practical effectiveness of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can be influenced by plasma EGFR mutation abundance when treating patients with advanced NSCLC remains unanswered. Therefore, this research was intended to reveal the connection between plasma EGFR mutation abundance and clinical outcomes in osimertinib-treated patients with advanced NSCLC.

Methods

A total of 120 patients with advanced NSCLC were retrospectively analyzed, and 56 patients with EGFR-mutation-positive NSCLC receiving osimertinib first-line therapy were eventually screened and included. The baseline status and abundance of plasma EGFR in patients with NSCLC were detected by cSMART, and the ratio of 0.1 was the critical value. Imaging examinations were performed every 8–12 weeks for the assessment of tumor response. The relationship between baseline EGFR mutation abundance and clinical outcomes of TKI therapy was analyzed.

Results

The objective response rates (ORR) of EGFR-mutant patients in the high-/low-abundance groups were 69.2% and 40.0%, respectively. The high abundance group had an obviously higher ORR than the low abundance group ( P = 0.029). A much longer median progression-free survival (mPFS) was demonstrated in patients with high mutation abundance than in patients with low abundance (11.2 months vs 7.1 months, P = 0.0133). As for the median overall survival (mOS), it showed the same trend as mPFS in patients from different groups (15.5 vs 10.7 months, P = 0.0028). The role of plasma mutation abundance as an independent prognostic factor for both PFS (hazard ratios [HR]: 0.30, P = 0.006) and OS (HR: 0.35, P = 0.004) was demonstrated by multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Conclusion

There is a close connection between plasma EGFR mutation abundance and survival benefit in patients with NSCLC, which can be used for predicting the efficacy of EGFR-TKI targeted therapy. Our study is expected to provide a research basis for screening patients to whom the EGFR-TKI therapy is beneficial.
An Objective Assessment of Effect of Stimulants on Attention in Individuals With ADHD
Authors: Elliott Glen R. , Diner Adi , Sitbon Einat
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Currently, assessing ADHD treatment response to stimulants relies on rating scales and subjective questionnaires and sometimes a CPT. Such tools fall short of objective, quantifiable measurement of effect, especially in natural settings and can result in inconsistent treatment.

Method:

We report results from two studies using a novel proof-of-concept approach. A preliminary trial of 10 individuals used a high-fidelity eye tracker; a second study of 100 individuals used webcams at the participants’ homes.

Results:

Both studies evaluated stimulant effect using reading behavior analysis, being an ADHD symptom that stimulants affect and a major symptom patients want to improve. Both showed a significant change in reading behavior related to medication state, suggesting a clear, objective measure of stimulant effect.

Conclusion:

Using ubiquitous hardware, investigators created a user-friendly treatment assessment platform where individuals can collect their own objective data within minutes in any setting where they have access to a web camera and computer.
Women and Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: Contributors to Treatment Success From the Perspectives of Women in Recovery, Women With Past Attempts in Drug Treatment, and Health and Criminal Justice Professionals
Authors: Skogseth Emma M , Brant Kristina , Harrison Eric , Apsley Hannah B , Crowley Max , Schwartz Robert P , Jones Abenaa A
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

The disproportionate incidence of opioid use disorder (OUD) and the alarming increases in opioid-related overdose deaths among women highlight a clear need for the expansion of effective harm reduction and treatment practices. Research supports medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD) as an effective intervention; however, with low rates of utilization of such, there is a need to identify factors that facilitate MOUD treatment uptake and retention for women. Thus, the current study examines contributors to treatment success through the triangulation of perspectives from affected women as well as health and criminal justice professionals.

Methods:

Interviews (N = 42) were conducted from May to July 2022 with women in recovery who previously used or currently use MOUD (N = 10), women who currently use opioids who terminated a MOUD program previously (N = 10), SUD treatment professionals (N = 12), and criminal justice professionals who work with women who use opioids (N = 10). Interviews for all participants centered around their backgrounds, perceived barriers and facilitators to MOUD treatment, and issues specific to women in treatment for substance use disorder. We used a thematic qualitative data analysis process to analyze transcripts.

Results:

Participants highlighted contributors to treatment success from 3 domains: (1) internal processes (including promoting self-efficacy and setting realistic goals), (2) access to resources (including material resources, such as food and shelter, educational resources and social support), and (3) treatment structure (such as treatment type and protocol).

Conclusion:

Internal processes, access to resources, and treatment structure contribute to MOUD treatment success for women with OUD. Structured support where experiences are shared, and realistic goals are set, may promote feelings of acceptance and empowerment, thereby bolstering chances of treatment success. Additionally, the court system can promote evidence-based and trauma-informed substance use treatment and provide accessible educational resources related to substance use to extend these benefits to more women.
Opioid Overdose Hospitalizations During COVID-19: The Experience of Pennsylvania
Authors: Shen Chan , Thornton James Douglas , Li Ning , Zhou Shouhao , Wang Li , Leslie Douglas L. , Kawasaki Sarah S.
Published: January 2024

Objective:

The COVID-19 pandemic placed extreme burden on hospitals, while opioid overdose is another challenging public health issue. This study aimed to examine the trends and outcomes of opioid overdose hospitalizations in Pennsylvania during 2018 to 2021.

Design:

We identified opioid overdose hospitalizations in the state of Pennsylvania using the state-wide hospital discharge database (PHC4) 2018 to 2021. We examined the number of opioid overdose hospitalizations, the corresponding mortality and discharges against medical advice comparing the pre-COVID period (2018-2019) and the COVID period (2020-2021). We also assessed what patient and hospital characteristics were associated with in-hospital death or leaving against medical advice.

Results:

A total of 13 446 opioid-related hospitalizations were identified in 2018 to 2021. Compared to pre-pandemic, a higher percentage of cases involving synthetics (17.0%vs 10.3%, P < .0001) were observed during COVID. After controlling for covariates, there was no significant difference in opioid overdose in-hospital deaths in the years 2020 to 2021 compared to 2018 to 2019 (OR = 0.846, 95% CI: 0.71-1.01, P = .065). The COVID period was significantly associated with more leaving against medical advice compared to years 2018 to 2019 (OR = 1.265, 95% CI: 1.11-1.44, P = .0003). Compared to commercial insurance, Medicaid insurance was associated with higher odds of both in-hospital death (OR = 1.383, 95% CI: 1.06-1.81, P = .0176) and leaving against medical advice (OR = 1.903, 95% CI: 1.56-2.33, P < .0001).

Conclusion:

There were no substantial changes in the number of overall opioid overdose cases and deaths at hospitals following the outbreak of COVID-19 in Pennsylvania. This observation suggests that an increased number of patients may have succumbed to overdoses outside of hospital settings, possibly due to a higher severity of overdoses. Further, we found that patients were more likely to leave against medical advice during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Erasing the Pink on the World Atlas: Re-Mapping African American Literature
Authors: He Yanli
Published: January 2024

This article aims at analyzing Henry Louis Gates’ theoretical strategies for remapping the African American literary space within the context of both American literature and world literary system. Gates’ strategies can be delineated through four stages. Firstly, he excavates a vast array of African American literary texts. In the second stage, he traces the lineage of African American literary theory to its origins within the African interpretation system. During the third stage, he employs African American literary theory to curate the African American literary canon. In the fourth and final stage, within the realm of African American literature, Gates endeavors to rebalance the representation of female and male voices within the literary space. A pivotal aspect of Gates’ strategies lies in his willingness to embrace and celebrate the African legacy, setting him apart from other marginalized nations and minority groups who may tend to disregard or belittle their own heritage. Building upon this distinctive characteristic, this article posits that Gates’ approach holds the potential to assist marginalized nations and minority groups in several ways: 1) Re-mapping literary space: Gates’ strategies can guide these groups in redefining their literary space within the broader contexts of both national and global literature systems. 2) Claiming literary legacy: emulating Gates, these groups can be inspired to embrace and champion their own literary heritage, instead of diminishing its significance. 3) Fostering indigenous literary models: by adopting Gates’ model, writers from these communities can craft their literary space grounded in their native or national paradigms, as opposed to adhering solely to Western European or U.S. models. 4) Balancing literary representation: Gates’ strategies also facilitate the recalibration of the literary landscape within these nations or groups by accommodating diverse elements such as race, gender, and class, thereby achieving a more inclusive and balanced representation. Overall, Gates’ methodology offers a powerful framework for marginalized communities to assert their literary identities, reshape their narratives, remap their literary spaces, and promote diversity within their literary landscapes.
Protecting Public Figures Online: How Do Platforms and Regulators Define Public Figures?
Authors: Cover Rob , Henry Nicola , Gleave Joscelyn , Greenfield Sharon , Grechyn Viktor , Huynh Thuc Bao
Published: January 2024

Public figures are subject to higher rates of online abuse than other users in part because many digital platforms have significantly higher thresholds for intervening in cases of public figure abuse. Internationally, this higher rate of abuse has led to substantial impacts on public figures’ wellbeing and withdrawal from public life. This article presents findings from a study of platform policies to understand how platforms and policy stakeholders define public figures. Key findings included (a) public figures are ill-defined in platform policies, (b) policies often collapse distinctions between traditional public figures such as politicians and entertainers, emerging public figures such as influencers, and involuntary public figures such as a celebrity's family members; and (c) policies fail to acknowledge the diverse resources and institutional support enjoyed by different types of public figure. The article draws on applied cultural theory to unpack the challenges and consequences of inadequately defining public figures.
The associations of dyadic coping strategies with caregivers’ willingness to care and burden: A weekly diary study
Authors: Ferraris Giulia , Gérain Pierre , Zarzycki Mikołaj , Elayan Saif , Morrison Val , Sanderman Robbert , Hagedoorn Mariët
Published: January 2024

This weekly diary study investigated associations of weekly dyadic coping strategies with caregivers’ willingness to care and burden. Multilevel modelling was applied to assess between- and within-person associations for 24 consecutive weeks in 955 caregivers. Greater willingness to care was reported in weeks when caregivers used more collaborative ( b = 0.26, p < 0.001) and supportive ( b = 0.30, p < 0.001) strategies, whereas uninvolved coping was associated with lower willingness to care ( b = −0.44, p < 0.001). Using collaborative coping strategies was associated with lower weekly burden ( b = −0.13, p < 0.001). A greater burden was reported in weeks when caregivers used more uninvolved ( b = 0.19, p < 0.001) and controlling ( b = 0.13, p < 0.001) coping strategies. A full understanding of whether caregivers’ willingness to care and burden may be improved owing to weekly dyadic coping is essential for developing timely support for caregivers.
Body image in patients with prostate cancer undergoing treatment with hormone therapy: Observational study using both a cross-sectional and longitudinal design
Authors: Chen Pei-Yi , Liu Kuan-Lin , Chuang Cheng-Keng , Wu Chun-Te , Pang See-Tong , Chang Ying-Hsu , Yu Kai-Jie , Chien Ching-Hui
Published: January 2024

This study aims to examine changes in body image (BI) over time and factors related to BI among patients with prostate cancer who receive hormone therapy (HT). A cross-sectional design and longitudinal design were utilized. Patients with prostate cancer who received HT were recruited from the urology outpatient departments in two hospitals in Taiwan between August 2017 and December 2020. Cross-sectional data were collected from 177 patients who had started HT for prostate cancer. Longitudinal data were collected from 34 newly diagnosed patients before receiving HT and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after HT. The variables measured included hormonal symptoms and distress, self-efficacy, and BI. The results showed that BI dissatisfaction ranged from 6.1% to 17.2%. Hormonal symptoms and distress (e.g. lack of vitality) were correlated with BI dissatisfaction. Education on the side effects of HT and coping strategies can be provided to patients to prevent BI dissatisfaction.