bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A legalidade e legitimidade da intervenção humanitária: uma medida ainda necessária
Authors: Boeira Natália Caye Batalha
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo versa sobre a legalidade da intervenção humanitária frente à Carta das Nações Unidas. O Direito Internacional evoluiu visando cada vez mais a salvaguarda dos direitos humanos, pondo o ser humano no centro das relações internacionais, como destinatário final das normas de Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos e Segurança Internacional. Assim, reconhece-se a responsabilidade secundária da comunidade internacional na proteção dos direitos humanos mais fundamentais, discorrendo-se sobre a legalidade da intervenção. É sustentada a legalidade da intervenção por estar contida dentro das possibilidades expostas no art. 42 da Carta ao Conselho de Segurança, como medida para restabelecimento da paz, quando são violadas normas de jus cogens, que consagram uma consciência moral da humanidade.
Statistical analysis of magnetopause crossings at lunar distances
Authors: Mieth Johannes Z. D. , Frühauff Dennis , Glassmeier Karl-Heinz
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Different magnetopause models with a diverse level of complexity are in use.
One thing that they have in common is that they are mainly based on near-earth observations; i.e. they
use measurements at distances of about ±10 Earth radii along the GSM
x axis. Only very few observations of magnetopause crossings at larger
distances are used for model fitting. In this study we compare position and
normal direction predictions of the Shue et al. (1997) magnetopause model with
actual observations of magnetopause crossings identified using the ARTEMIS
spacecraft at lunar distance, about 60 Earth radii. We find differences in
the location prediction between model and actual observation but good
agreement in predictions about the magnetopause normal direction.
A Python-enhanced urban land surface model SuPy (SUEWS in Python, v2019.2): development, deployment and demonstration
Authors: Sun Ting , Grimmond Sue
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Accurate and agile modelling of the climate of cities is essential for urban climate services. The Surface Urban Energy and Water balance Scheme (SUEWS) is a state-of-the-art, widely used, urban land surface model (ULSM) which simulates urban-atmospheric interactions by quantifying the energy, water and mass fluxes. Using SUEWS as the computation kernel, SuPy (SUEWS in Python), stands on the Python-based data stack to streamline the pre-processing, computation and post-processing that are involved in the common modelling-centred urban climate studies. This paper documents the development of SuPy, which includes the SUEWS interface modification, F2PY (Fortran to Python) configuration and Python frontend implementation. In addition, the deployment of SuPy via PyPI (Python Package Index) is introduced along with the automated workflow for cross-platform compilation. This makes SuPy available for all mainstream operating systems (Windows, Linux, and macOS). Furthermore, three online tutorials in Jupyter notebooks are provided to users of different levels to become familiar with SuPy urban climate modelling. The SuPy package represents a significant enhancement that supports existing and new model applications, reproducibility, and enhanced functionality.
High-spatial-resolution probability maps of drought duration and magnitude across Spain
Authors: Domínguez-Castro Fernando , Vicente-Serrano Sergio M. , Tomás-Burguera Miquel , Peña-Gallardo Marina , Beguería Santiago , El Kenawy Ahmed , Luna Yolanda , Morata Ana
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Assessing the probability of occurrence of drought is important for improving
current drought assessment, management and mitigation measures, and strategies
across Spain. This study employed two well-established drought indices, the
Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation
Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), to characterize drought duration and
magnitude at different timescales over Spain. In order to map the drought
hazard probability, we applied the extreme value theory and tested different
thresholds to generate peak-over-threshold (POT) drought duration and
magnitude series. Our results demonstrate that the generalized Pareto (GP)
distribution performs well in estimating the frequencies of drought magnitude
and duration. Specifically, we found a good agreement between the observed and
modelled data when using upper percentiles to generate the POT series.
Spatially, our estimations suggest a higher probability of extreme drought
events in southern and central Spain compared to the northern and eastern
regions. Also, our study found spatial differences in drought probability
estimations as a function of the selected drought index (i.e. SPI vs. SPEI)
and timescale (i.e. 1, 3, 6, and 12 months). Drought hazard probability maps
can contribute to the better management of different sectors (e.g. agriculture,
water resources management, urban water supply, and tourism) at national,
regional, and even local scale in Spain.
Learning-Oriented Assessment, Critical Thinking and English Language Speaking Skills: Exploratory Study of Saudi EFL Learners
Authors: S. Almalki Mansoor
Published: March 2019

This exploratory study uses the theoretical underpinnings of Learning-Oriented Assessment (LOA) to investigate Saudi EFL learners’ perceptions as well as their progress in the comparative analysis of an LOA group of students and a traditional control class at Taif University English Language Centre (TUELC). The study uses both quantitative and qualitative techniques to assess how learners in the LOA group improve their English speaking proficiency during the course. The data shows that LOA proved to be a successful resource in the whole process. Answering three research questions, the study concludes that LOA may prove to be a daunting task for teachers due to their excessive monitoring responsibilities, yet it plays a vital role in improving the learners’ critical thinking, their abilities for self and peer assessment and improving their overall English language skills.
ÍNDICES DE DESENVOLVIMENTO EM JUVENIS Betta splendens ALIMENTADOS COM ADITIVOS ENZIMÁTICOS
Authors: GOMES Veruska Dilyanne Silva , AMÂNCIO Alda Lúcia De Lima , FILHO José Jordão , CAVALCANTI Cacio RiBeiro , BATISTA João Marcos Monteiro , SILVA José Humberto Vilar da
Published: March 2019

A produção de peixes ornamentais vem se destacando como um dos setores mais lucrativos da piscicultura brasileira. O Betta splendens destaca-se por sua beleza, popularidade e por ser um dos peixes ornamentais mais comercializados. Neste âmbito, investir em aditivos alimentares como enzimas, pode melhorar o desempenho dos peixes. O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar parâmetros de desempenho do peixe ornamental Betta splendens alimentado com dietas suplementadas pelas enzimas alfa-amilase e protease. Foram utilizados 120 alevinos distribuídos em 5 tratamentos com 4 repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram no fornecimento de uma ração comercial farelada com 55% de proteína bruta e suplementação enzimática nas seguintes proporções: 1 - Dieta referência sem suplementação com enzimas; 2 - Dieta referência + suplementação de 100 ppm de Alfa-amilase;  3 - Dieta referência + 100 ppm protease; 4 - Dieta referência + 100 ppm de Alfa-amilase + 200 ppm de protease; e 5 - Dieta referência + 200 ppm de alfa-amilase + 400 ppm de protease. Foram avaliados o peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, comprimento, altura, largura e sobrevivência. O comprimento total (mm) dos betas aumentou quando alimentados com as dietas 3, 4 e 5. No entanto, novos estudos devem ser realizados para comprovar a eficácia da suplementação com enzimas digestivas para a espécie.
ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO NO TRANSPLANTE DE FÍGADO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Oliveira Priscilla Caroliny de , Detta Felippe Pires , Paglione Heloísa Barboza , Mucci Samantha , Schirmer Janine , Roza Bartira De Aguiar
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: avaliar as intervenções da equipe multiprofissional que proporcionam a melhora da adesão ao tratamento após o transplante de fígado.Método: revisão integrativa da literatura. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados entre 2012 e 2017, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, realizados na população adulta submetida ao transplante hepático.Resultado: a busca inicial resultou em 84 publicações sendo selecionados 10 estudos. Os dados foram tabulados de acordo com a relevância do conteúdo, objetivos, tipo de intervenção, número de pacientes e nível de evidência. Foram encontradas quatro categorias analíticas: intervenções educativas; adoção de um plano terapêutico individual; alteração do regime imunossupressor; suporte emocional, psicológico e fortalecimento da rede de apoio.Conclusão: a equipe multiprofissional deve prover informações sobre o processo de transplantação, realizar o manejo adequado da imunossupressão, avaliar regularmente o paciente quanto aos sinais de depressão, ansiedade, crenças e valores, e instituir um plano de cuidados individualizado.
Current Exercise Habits and Factors Affecting Physical Activity Participation Among University Students
Authors: Endozo Anatalia N.
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Physical activities are indispensable to be healthy and away from illness. Yet, students are spending time being sedentary due to rapid technological advancement. Highly active individual requires physical activity for 3 days and must accumulate at least 1500-3000 metabolic equivalent tasks (MET)-minutes per week or more days of moderate or vigorous intensity activities.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze factors affecting physical activity participation among university learners in the Philippines.

METHODS: An International Physical Activity Questionnaire answered by 470 participants and modified 4 point Likert scale questionnaires was utilized.

RESULTS: There were 222 females (47%), 248 males (53 %), and p-value < 0.05 adoted to justify the significance of the factors in this study.

CONCLUSION: This study justified that most of the participants cannot engaged in physical activities due to lack of time. Future research with larger sample groups to accurately identify the factors and recommend changes to enhance participation is encouraged.
The Relationship between Servant Leadership, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, and Dysfunctional Turnover
Authors: Wong Hin Chow , Ramalu Subramaniam Sri , Chuah Francis
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this conceptual paper is to provide a framework to enhance the understanding of factors that influence the turnover rate among high performers in an organization. The focus of this proposed conceptual framework is the study of the relationship between leadership style, organizational citizenship behaviour, and dysfunctional turnover. Based on literature reviews, evidences reveal a negative relationship between servant leadership and dysfunctional turnover which is mediated by the variable of organizational citizenship behaviour. From a practical standpoint, this paper provides additional knowledge in the area of dysfunctional turnover which can assist the relevant stakeholders in an organization to reduce brain drain and enable HR practitioners to have a better understanding on how to reduce turnover rate among high performers; whilst at the same time, contributing to the existing number of valuable researches that provide the much-needed knowledge in understanding the turnover phenomenon. Hence, there is a need to conduct an empirical based study to validate the proposed conceptual framework and to ascertain the relationship among the various variables in this framework.
Contemporary Issues Surrounding an Impairment-Only Approach to Acquired Goodwill: A Selected Review
Authors: Majid Jamaliah Abdul
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a selected review of contemporary issues surrounding an impairment-only approach to accounting for acquired goodwill and addresses the question of whether an impairment-only approach has resulted in an improvement in an accounting for goodwill. The review is structured around three main themes: concerned raised by stakeholders regarding an impairment-only approach, causes of the debates on goodwill impairment, and proposed solutions offered by stakeholders. The contribution of this paper to the debate on an impairment-only approach to acquired goodwill is to demonstrate that even though an impairment-only approach has posed implementation, auditing and enforcement challenges, it has also encouraged standard-setters, regulators and firms worldwide to make concerted efforts in bringing in more clarity to the valuation of goodwill and its impairment test. The review ends by offering practical ways forward on an accounting for acquired goodwill.
Energy Consumption in the French Residential Sector: How Much do Individual Preferences Matter?
Authors: Bakaloglou Salomé , Charlier Dorothée
Published: March 2019

The aim of this research is to understand the impact of preference heterogeneity in explaining energy consumption in French homes. Using a discrete-continuous model and the conditional mixed-process estimator (CMP) enable us to address two potential endogeneities in residential energy consumption: energy prices and the choice of home energy characteristics. As a key contribution, we provide evidence that a preference for comfort over saving energy does have significant direct and indirect impacts on energy consumption (through the choice of dwelling), particularly for high-income households. Preferring comfort over economy or one additional degree of heating implies an average energy overconsumption of 10% and 7.8% respectively, up to 18% for high-income households. Our results strengthen the belief that household heterogeneity is an important factor in explaining energy consumption and could have meaningful implications for the design of public policy tools aimed at reducing energy consumption in the residential sector.
La scultura in funzione architettonica a Costantinopoli tra V e VI secolo: aspetti tecnici, tipologici e stilistici
Authors: Barsanti Claudia , Paribeni Andrea
Published: March 2019

Data la complessità e l’ampiezza dell’argomento, s’intende proporre solo alcune riflessioni su quegli ‘episodi’ e quegli esempi, molti ben conosciuti e più volte analizzati, altri invece meno noti, i quali potranno meglio illustrare i momenti più significativi dello sviluppo della scultura architettonica costantinopolitana lungo un percorso che conduce alle straordinarie novità che si manifestano nei primi decenni del VI secolo. É un campo d’indagine assai vasto, che ha alimentato e continua ad alimentare una letteratura critica altrettanto ampia, ricca di saggi e contributi, con approcci e chiavi di lettura variamente declinati, ma che alla somma dei fatti, si rivelano proficuamente complementari.
Hoya of Sumatra, an updated checklist, three new species, and a new subspecies
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Rodda Michele
Published: March 2019

The list of the species of Hoya R.Br. occurring on the Indonesian island of Sumatra is updated and the type citation is clarified. Sixteen taxa are added to the latest checklist. Hoya danumensis subsp. amarii S.Rahayu & Rodda subsp. nov., H. rigidifolia S.Rahayu & Rodda sp. nov., H. solokensis S.Rahayu & Rodda sp. nov., and H. sumatrana S.Rahayu & Rodda sp. nov. are newly described. Hoya parviflora Wight, H. parvifolia Schltr., and H. purpureofusca Hook. are lectotypified.
POSSIBILITIES OF ANIMAL WASTE INCINERATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: ĐUKIĆ VELJKO , JAKUPOVIĆ ESAD
Published: March 2019

The subject of this paper is environmental issue of waste that originates on farms and slaughterhouses. The problem of farms and slaugterhouse waste is obviously great, and it is evident that the B&H does not pay much attention to it. It was proved that the incineration is one of the most efficient ways to eliminate dead animal and other solid waste in modern poultry production. Gaseous or liquid fuel is used in the process of incineration as an energy generating product. The main advantage of the suggested concept is the proposal to use waste as a primary energy source for incineration.
Key words: animal waste, incineration
HUMAN FACTOR INFLUENCE ON SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS
Authors: Papic Ljubisa
Published: March 2019

The method of cause-effect diagram is used in the subject investigation to detect and systematize human factors (human errors) that affect the results performing for the mining machines maintenance operation, i.e. sources that cause a maintenance problem. Event Tree Analysis is used as additional method in regard to cause-effect diagram. This method described certain logical events which come from primary initial event – error of maintainer. Event tree is in the subject investigation developed in order to find modes for mitigation waste (injury), rather than prevent waste.
Key words: Human factor, maintenance operation, human error cause, "Swiss chese" model, event tree, human reliability prediction.
KEY CONCEPTS-BASED APPROACH FOR ASSESSMENT OF STAFF RESISTANCE TO NEW STANDARD IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: KLOCHKOV YURIY , KLOCHKOVA ELENA , VASILEVA IRINA
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a new approach to assessment of staff resistance level while introducing new standards. The approach is based on the analysis of the key terms frequency within the text of the standard ISO 9001 and further constructing a conceptual model of the text. The model is compared with the results of the management staff survey.
Key words: ISO 9001, standard introduction, management decisions.
QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: THE DEMING’S CHAIN REACTION
Authors: CARRIÓN-GARCIA ANDRÉS , GRISALES ANGELA
Published: March 2019

Deming’s Chain Reaction is a well known proposal from Dr. W. E. Deming, in which he explains the positive effect of improving quality in different aspects of an organizational activities and performance. Recognizing and enhancing the value of Deming ideas, Chain Reaction is, in this paper, reevaluated and adapted to the environments different to those considered by Dr Deming, specifically to those where competition is not present in the companies’ environment. The paper enhances the strength and power of Deming’s ideas, showing its ability to adapt to scenarios different to those originally considered.
Key words: Deming’s chain reaction, competitiveness, public and non-profit organizations, multiple environment.
Lightning Response of Multi-Port Grids Buried in Dispersive Soils: An Approximation versus Full-wave Methods and Experiment
Authors: Sajjadi S. S. , Ostadzadeh S. R.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, application of multi-conductor transmission line model (MTL) in transient analysis of grounding grids buried in soils with frequency-dependent electrical parameters (dispersive soil) is investigated. In this modeling approach, each set of parallel conductors in the grounding grid is considered as a multi-conductor transmission line (MTL). Then, a two-port network for each set of parallel conductors in the grid is then defined. Finally, the two-port networks are interconnected depending upon the pattern of connections in the grid and its representative equations are then reduced. Via solving these simplified equations, the transient analyses of grounding grids is efficiently carried out. With the aim of validity, a number of examples previously published in literature are selected. The comparison of simulation results based on the MTL shows good agreement with numerical and experimental results. Moreover, in despite of numerical methods computational efficiency is considerably increased.
Improved Efficiency of Inductive Power Transfer in Misalignment Conditions with Multi Coil Design
Authors: Laksono P. B. , Alaydrus M.
Published: March 2019

In charging process of electric vehicle, a misalignment between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) coupling  structure decreases the efficiency of the wireless power transfer. In inductive power transfer system, misalignment reduces the effective coupling between the Tx and Rx coils. In this work, based on previous multiple coil structures, a new multi coil design in proposed to increase the efficiency of the power transfer. Here, a multi coil structure with two rectangular and four spiral coils is designed with the overall dimension of the coil structure 26.5 cm x 36.5 cm. The measurement shows, that for coil distance below 10.3 cm and a lateral misalignment of maximal 10 cm (27.4%), the efficiency of the designed multi coil structure is better compared to previous coil structures. However for larger coil distance or larger misalignment, the efficiency of the new coil structure deteriorates significantly.
Spatial near future modeling of land use and land cover changes in the temperate forests of Mexico
Authors: Prieto-Amparán Jesús A. , Villarreal-Guerrero Federico , Martínez-Salvador Martin , Manjarrez-Domínguez Carlos , Vázquez-Quintero Griselda , Pinedo-Alvarez Alfredo
Published: March 2019

The loss of temperate forests of Mexico has continued in recent decades despite wide recognition of their importance to maintaining biodiversity. This study analyzes land use/land cover change scenarios, using satellite images from the Landsat sensor. Images corresponded to the years 1990, 2005 and 2017. The scenarios were applied for the temperate forests with the aim of getting a better understanding of the patterns in land use/land cover changes. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) multispectral classification technique served to determine the land use/land cover types, which were validated through the Kappa Index. For the simulation of land use/land cover dynamics, a model developed in Dinamica-EGO was used, which uses stochastic models of Markov Chains, Cellular Automata and Weight of Evidences. For the study, a stationary, an optimistic and a pessimistic scenario were proposed. The projections based on the three scenarios were simulated for the year 2050. Five types of land use/land cover were identified and evaluated. They were primary forest, secondary forest, human settlements, areas without vegetation and water bodies. Results from the land use/land cover change analysis show a substantial gain for the secondary forest. The surface area of the primary forest was reduced from 55.8% in 1990 to 37.7% in 2017. Moreover, the three projected scenarios estimate further losses of the surface are for the primary forest, especially under the stationary and pessimistic scenarios. This highlights the importance and probably urgent implementation of conservation and protection measures to preserve these ecosystems and their services. Based on the accuracy obtained and on the models generated, results from these methodologies can serve as a decision tool to contribute to the sustainable management of the natural resources of a region.
Improvement of hydrogen production from Chlorella sp. biomass by acid-thermal pretreatment
Authors: Giang Tran T. , Lunprom Siriporn , Liao Qiang , Reungsang Alissara , Salakkam Apilak
Published: March 2019

Background

Owing to the high growth rate, high protein and carbohydrate contents, and an ability to grow autotrophically, microalgal biomass is regarded as a promising feedstock for fermentative hydrogen production. However, the rigid cell wall of microalgae impedes efficient hydrolysis of the biomass, resulting in low availability of assimilable nutrients and, consequently, low hydrogen production. Therefore, pretreatment of the biomass is necessary in order to achieve higher hydrogen yield (HY). In the present study, acid-thermal pretreatment of Chlorella sp. biomass was investigated. Conditions for the pretreatment, as well as those for hydrogen production from the pretreated biomass, were optimized. Acid pretreatment was also conducted for comparison.

Results

Under optimum conditions (0.75% (v/v) H2SO4, 160 °C, 30 min, and 40 g-biomass/L), acid-thermal pretreatment yielded 151.8 mg-reducing-sugar/g-biomass. This was around 15 times that obtained from the acid pretreatment under optimum conditions (4% (v/v) H2SO4, 150 min, and 40 g-biomass/L). Fermentation of the acid-thermal pretreated biomass gave 1,079 mL-H2/L, with a HY of 54.0 mL-H2/g-volatile-solids (VS), while only 394 mL/L and 26.3 mL-H2/g-VS were obtained from the acid-pretreated biomass.

Conclusions

Acid-thermal pretreatment was effective in solubilizing the biomass of Chlorella sp. Heat exerted synergistic effect with acid to release nutrients from the biomass. Satisfactory HY obtained with the acid-thermal pretreated biomass demonstrates that this pretreatment method was effective, and that it should be implemented to achieve high HY.
ANALISA FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB REWORK DAN TINGKAT KESULITAN PECEGAHANNYA PADA PEKERJAAN STRUKTUR, FINISHING, DAN MEP
Authors: Fendy Fendy
Published: March 2019

Dalam bidang konstruksi, proses yang harus dilalui untuk menghasilkan produk konstruksi yaitu pekerjaan proyek konstruksi. Salah satu yang dapat menghambat suatu proyek konstruksi yaitu bila terjadi rework dalam proyek konstruksi tersebut. Rework dapat berdampak pada biaya, produktivitas dan waktu pelaksanaan pekerjaan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada frekuensi dan tingkat kesulitan pencegahan dari faktor-faktor penyebab rework sehingga munculnya rework dapat diminimalisir pada proyek konstruksi. Penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu dengan membuat kuesioner yang berkaitan dengan rework serta membagikannya kepada responden yang bekerja sebagai main contractor dan kontraktor MEP di wilayah Surabaya. Pada pekerjaan struktur dan finishing faktor perubahan desain menjadi faktor yang paling sering terjadi dan paling sulit dicegah agar tidak terjadi rework. Pada pekerjaan MEP faktor jadwal proyek terlalu padat paling sering muncul dan faktor yang paling sulit dicegah untuk menghindari rework adalah faktor kurangnya modal kerja dari pemilik.
Synergistic effect of PCPE1 and sFRP2 on the processing of procollagens via BMP1
Authors: Zhu Qin , Guo Wei , Zhang Shengjie , Feng Yang , Wang Xiao , Greenspan Daniel S. , Zhou Libin , Huang Guo‐Ru
Published: March 2019

This article corrects: Synergistic effect of PCPE1 and sFRP2 on the processing of procollagens via BMP1, Volume 593, Issue 1, 119–127. Article first published 09 November 2018. https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.13291

Dr Daniel S. Greenspan was inadvertently omitted from the list of authors in the original publication. The correct list of authors is as shown above.

Dr Daniel S. Greenspan affiliation and contact details are as follows:

Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Room 4503, WIMRII, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, dsgreens@wisc.edu
Genetic studies on systemic lupus erythematosus in East Asia point to population differences in disease susceptibility
Authors: Wang Yong‐Fei , Lau Yu lung , Yang Wanling
Published: March 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype autoimmune disease with extreme clinical heterogeneity and significant differences between populations. East Asian populations are known to have higher prevalence and more severe clinical manifestations for SLE than Europeans. The difference could be the result of genetic and environmental factors, and the interactions between them. Thus, identifying genetic associations from diverse populations provides an opportunity to better understand the genetic architecture of this heterogeneous disease. It is also necessary to elucidate population differences and to apply the findings in future stratified treatment of the disease, with ethnicity likely a major factor to consider. Indeed, it has shown that there are significant differences between East Asians and European populations in several genetic loci for SLE. Genetic studies on SLE are very active in East Asian countries and there have been close collaborations among scientists in this region. Here, we document some work done in this region on SLE genetic research and discuss the aspect of population differences.
A Redox Auxiliary Strategy for Pyrrolidine Synthesis via Photocatalytic [3+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Amador Adrian G. , Sherbrook Evan M. , Yoon Tehshik P.
Published: March 2019

Cycloaddition reactions can be used to efficiently assemble pyrrolidine rings that are significant in a variety of chemical and biological applications. We have developed a method for the formal cycloaddition of cyclopropyl ketones with hydrazones that utilizes photoredox catalysis to enable the synthesis of a range of structurally diverse pyrrolidine rings. The key insight enabling the scope of photoredox [3+2] cycloadditions to be expanded to C=N electrophiles was the use of a redox auxiliary strategy that allowed for photoreductive activation of the cyclopropyl ketone without the need for an exogenous tertiary amine co‐reductant. These conditions prevent the deleterious reductive ring‐opening of the cyclopropyl substrates, enabling a range of less‐reactive coupling partners to participate in this cycloaddition.
Stereoselective Synthesis of the Spirocyclic Ring System of the Sesquiterpene Spirolepechinene
Authors: Duhamel Nina , Larcher Roberto , Guella Graziano , Pilkington Lisa I. , Fedrizzi Bruno , Barker David
Published: March 2019

Sesquiterpenes are a structurally diverse class of compounds that have been isolated from a wide range of living organisms. Spirolepechinene is a member of the rare spirojatamane class of sesquiterpenes with a unique relative stereochemistry about its spirocentre. While the other two members of this class have been synthesized, the differences in stereochemistry renders these previously‐reported methods not applicable to the synthesis of spirolepechinene. Herein we present an efficient method for the synthesis of the spirocyclic core of spirolepechinene that produces the required stereochemistry for this unique natural product with high diastereoselectivity.
Successful use of veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for septic cardiomyopathy in a patient with pre‐existing chronic heart failure
Authors: Wada Kenshiro , Bunya Naofumi , Kakizaki Ryuichiro , Kasai Takehiko , Uemura Shuji , Harada Keisuke , Narimatsu Eichi
Published: March 2019

Background

Indications for using veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐A ECMO) in sepsis cases remain unclear.

Case Presentation

A 66‐year‐old man with pre‐existing chronic heart failure developed severe pneumonia resulting in refractory septic shock. He was diagnosed with septic cardiomyopathy based on depressed left ventricular ejection fraction and a dilated left ventricle based on a transthoracic echocardiogram. We initiated V‐A ECMO on day 3 because the shock did not respond to conventional therapy. The patient's hemodynamics improved, and his infection was reduced. He recovered fully and was discharged on day 107 with his cardiac function restored to its baseline.

Conclusion

Septic cardiomyopathy is a form of reversible myocardial dysfunction. Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation should be considered for septic cardiomyopathy with intractable circulatory failure. Pre‐existing chronic heart failure is not a contraindication for VA‐ECMO.
Silicon core–iron siloxane shell nanoparticle polymer composites with multiferroic properties
Authors: Aleksandrov A. I. , Shevchenko V. G. , Aleksandrov I. A. , Tebeneva N. A. , Meshkov I. B. , Kalinina A. A. , Degtyarev E. N. , Dubinskii A. A. , Kovarsky A. L. , Zezin S. B. , Krasovskii V. G. , Abramchuk S. S. , Buzin M. I. , Muzafarov A. M.
Published: March 2019

Multiferroic (MF) composites based on nanoparticles consisting of a silica core and a shell of spin‐variable Fe(III) complexes in a polymer matrix (polystyrene) were synthesized and characterized by different methods. The nanoparticles had the formula 80SiO2·20{Fe[OSi(Me)(OEt)2]3}, and their particle size was on the order of 5–7 nm. Dielectric and electron spin resonance studies showed the presence of two types of Fe ions in the nanocomposite. Iron ions in the low‐spin state [Fe(III)‐LS] and iron ions in the high‐spin state [Fe(III)‐HS], which were bound by indirect exchange interactions through oxygen and silicon atoms {[Fe(III)‐LS]─O─Si─O─[Fe(III)‐HS]} were responsible for the MF properties of the composites with core–shell nanoparticles. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47681.
Tough hybrid hydrogels based on simultaneous dual in situ sol–gel technique and radical polymerization
Authors: Du Juan , She Xiaohong , Zhu Wenli , Zhang Huaju , Deng Tao , Li Xiaoyu , Liu Jiayu , Li Mingtian
Published: March 2019

A tough hybrid hydrogel has been developed by dual in situ sol–gel reaction of γ‐ethacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and tetrabutyl titanate, as well as in situ radical polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and MPTMS. In this hydrogel, covalently bonded SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles were used as inorganic filler and multifunctional crosslinker. Nano‐TiO2 was bonded onto the surface of SiO2 by forming TiOSi bonds and SiO2 bonded with polymer chains by the formation of COSi bonds, which were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy technology. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that SiO2 and TiO2 tended to construct a distinct rod‐like structure in poly(AM) matrix. This specific microstructure enhanced the mechanical properties of hydrogel. The compressive stress of the gel reached up to 9.49 MPa, and the compressive fracture energy was as high as 5307.73 J m−2. This strategy provided a probable method for the preparation of tough soft materials with potential applications in chemical machinery and actuators. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47742.
Synthesis and testing of cellulose acetate nicotinate as adsorbent for rhodamine B dye
Authors: Olaru Niculae , Anghel Narcis , Pascariu Petronela , Ailiesei Gabriela
Published: March 2019

The esterification of cellulose hydroxyl groups with natural carboxylic acids in mild conditions represents an adequate pathway in obtaining cellulose derivatives with different useful properties. In this article, authors report the synthesis of new mixed ester of cellulose and cellulose acetate nicotinate (CAN) , in a homogenous medium using DMF as solvent, cellulose acetate (CA) as starting cellulosic material, and nicotinic acid as an esterification agent in the presence of p‐toluenesulfonyl chloride and pyridine. FTIR and NMR techniques were used to prove the binding of nicotinoyl group at free hydroxyl groups of CA. The obtained CAN was electrospun by electrospinning technique to obtain adsorbent ultrafine fibers, evidenced by SEM images, with high specific surface area. Monolayer Langmuir and empirical Leundrich isotherms were used to assess the adsorption capacity for rhodamine B dye of electrospun CAN in comparison with that of electrospun CA used as starting material. Langmuir isotherm led to a better assessment of experimental data suggesting that the adsorption is mainly determined by hydrogen bonds formed between carboxylic OH hydrogen bonding donor and pyridine N hydrogen bonding acceptor. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47772.
An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Authors: Persons W. Scott , Currie Philip J. , Erickson Gregory M.
Published: March 2019

Here we describe an extremely large and relatively complete (roughly 65%) skeleton of Tyrannosaurus rex (RSM P2523.8). Multiple measurements (including those of the skull, hip, and limbs) show that RSM P2523.8 was a robust individual with an estimated body mass exceeding all other known T. rex specimens and representatives of all other gigantic terrestrial theropods. Histological sampling of the fibula confirms that RSM P2523.8 is skeletally mature. The prevalence of incompletely coossified elements contradicts previous assertions that such unfused elements can be taken as indicators of somatic immaturity. As an extreme example of both ontogenetic maturity and osteological robustness, RSM P2523.8 offers support for prior hypotheses that a sampling bias occurs throughout the Dinosauria, making it likely that most taxa grew to significantly greater size than current known specimens indicate. Anat Rec, 303:656–672, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of Nickel Nanoparticles in High‐Performance TiO2/Ni/Carbon Nanohybrid Lithium/Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Zhao Dong , Wang Chao , Xia Yonggao , Jiang Wenshuai , Xia Senlin , Yin Shanshan , Zuo Xiuxia , Metwalli Ezzeldin , Xiao Ying , Sun Zaicheng , Zhu Jin , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Cheng Ya‐Jun
Published: March 2019

Super‐small sized TiO2 nanoparticles are in situ co‐composited with carbon and nickel nanoparticles in a facile scalable way, using difunctional methacrylate monomers as solvent and carbon source. Good control over crystallinity, morphology, and dispersion of the nanohybrid is achieved because of the thermosetting nature of the resin polymer. The effects of the nickel nanoparticle on the composition, crystallographic phase, structure, morphology, tap density, specific surface area, and electrochemical performance as both lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion battery anodes are systematically investigated. It is found that the incorporation of the in situ formed nickel nanoparticles with certain content effectively enhances the electrochemical performance including reversible capacities, cyclic stability and rate performance as both lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion battery anodes. The experimental I‐V profiles at different temperatures and theoretical calculations reveal that the charge carriers are accumulated in the amorphous carbon regions, which act as scattering centers to the carriers and lower the carrier mobility for the composite. With increasing nickel content, the mobility of the charge carriers is significantly increased, while the number of the charge carriers maintains almost constant. The nickel nanoparticles provide extra pathways for the accumulated charge, leading to reduced scatterings among the charge carriers and enhanced charge‐carrier transportation.
Time‐Dependent Emission Enhancement of the Ethynylpyrene‐o‐Carborane Dyad and Its Application as a Luminescent Color Sensor for Evaluating Water Contents in Organic Solvents
Authors: Nishino Kenta , Yamamoto Hideki , Ochi Junki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: March 2019

The time‐dependent emission enhancement (TDEE) phenomena of the 1‐(o‐carboran‐1‐yl)ethynylpyrene dyad were reported. It was found that the emission intensity from the dyad increased in tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone and dichloromethane with increasing incubation time. From the mechanistic studies, it was suggested that agglomeration of the dyad gradually proceeded in these media, followed by expression of excimer luminescence. Additionally, it was shown that the rates of TDEE of the dyad were sensitively accelerated in the presence of a trace amount of water. Based on this fact, a detection system for water contents in acetone was constructed. Before and after incubation for 96 h at room temperature, time courses of changes in optical properties were monitored. Finally, water contents in acetone can be estimated by the degrees of TDEE and emission color changes in the range from 0.1 wt % to 2.0 wt % and from 2.0 wt % to 20 wt %, respectively.
Student Understanding of DNA Structure–Function Relationships Improves from Using 3D Learning Modules with Dynamic 3D Printed Models
Authors: Howell Michelle E. , Booth Christine S. , Sikich Sharmin M. , Helikar Tomáš , Roston Rebecca L. , Couch Brian A. , van Dijk Karin
Published: March 2019

Understanding the relationship between molecular structure and function represents an important goal of undergraduate life sciences. Although evidence suggests that handling physical models supports gains in student understanding of structure–function relationships, such models have not been widely implemented in biochemistry classrooms. Three‐dimensional (3D) printing represents an emerging cost‐effective means of producing molecular models to help students investigate structure–function concepts. We developed three interactive learning modules with dynamic 3D printed models to help biochemistry students visualize biomolecular structures and address particular misconceptions. These modules targeted specific learning objectives related to DNA and RNA structure, transcription factor‐DNA interactions, and DNA supercoiling dynamics. We also designed accompanying assessments to gauge student learning. Students responded favorably to the modules and showed normalized learning gains of 49% with respect to their ability to understand and relate molecular structures to biochemical functions. By incorporating accurate 3D printed structures, these modules represent a novel advance in instructional design for biomolecular visualization. We provide instructors with the materials necessary to incorporate each module in the classroom, including instructions for acquiring and distributing the models, activities, and assessments. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(3):303–317, 2019.
A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method to simultaneously determinate dichlorvos and phoxim in tobacco
Authors: Qin Xinxian , Luo Xiaoshuang , Chen Ye , Han Jiahua , Zhang Ji , Zhang Kankan , Hu Deyu
Published: March 2019

A simple pretreatment method with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was developed and validated to simultaneously determine dichlorvos and phoxim in tobacco and soil matrices. Satisfactory linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9991) of the method was obtained for both analytes. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for dichlorvos and phoxim in three matrices were 0.0015–0.006 and 0.005–0.02 mg/kg, respectively. Average recoveries were 78.24–92.21% for dichlorvos and 76.62–100.51% for phoxim in soil, green tobacco leaves and cured tobacco leaves. The intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations were <6%. The established method was successfully applied for the residual analysis of dichlorvos and phoxim in real soil and tobacco samples. The results indicated that the established method could be used to detect trace amounts of dichlorvos and phoxim in tobacco. The data could also help the Chinese government establish maximum residue limits of dichlorvos and phoxim on tobacco and establish proper and safe use of dichlorvos and phoxim on tobacco plants in China.
Impact of immigration status on health behaviors and perceptions in cancer survivors
Authors: Liu Sophia Y. , Lu Lin , Pringle Dan , Mahler Mary , Niu Chongya , Charow Rebecca , Tiessen Kyoko , Lam Christine , Halytskyy Oleksandr , Naik Hiten , Hon Henrique , Irwin Margaret , Pat Vivien , Gonos Christina , Chan Catherine W. T. , Villeneuve Jodie , Shani Ravi M. , Chaudhry Maha , Brown M. Catherine , Selby Peter , Howell Doris , Xu Wei , Alibhai Shabbir M. H. , Jones Jennifer M. , Liu Geoffrey , Eng Lawson
Published: March 2019

Background

Health behaviors including smoking cessation, physical activity (PA), and alcohol moderation are key aspects of cancer survivorship. Immigrants may have unique survivorship needs. We evaluated whether immigrant cancer survivors had health behaviors and perceptions that were distinct from native‐born cancer survivors.

Methods

Adult cancer patients from Princess Margaret Cancer Centre were surveyed on their smoking, PA, and alcohol habits and perceptions of the effects of these behaviors on quality of life (QoL), 5‐year survival, and fatigue. Multivariable models evaluated the association of immigration status and region‐of‐origin on behaviors and perceptions.

Results

Of the 784 patients, 39% self‐identified as immigrants. Median time of survey was 24 months after histological diagnosis. At baseline, immigrants had trends toward not meeting Canadian PA guidelines or being ever‐drinkers; patients from non‐Western countries were less likely to smoke (aORcurrent = 0.46, aORex‐smoker = 0.47, P = 0.02), drink alcohol (aORcurrent = 0.22, aORex‐drinker = 0.52, P < 0.001), or meet PA guidelines (aOR = 0.44, P = 0.006). Among immigrants, remote immigrants (migrated ≥40 years ago) were more likely to be consuming alcohol at diagnosis (aOR = 5.70, P < 0.001) compared to recent immigrants. Compared to nonimmigrants, immigrants were less likely to perceive smoking as harmful on QoL (aOR = 0.58, P = 0.008) and survival (aOR = 0.56, P = 0.002), and less likely to perceive that PA improved fatigue (aOR = 0.62, P = 0.04) and survival (aOR = 0.64, P = 0.08).

Conclusions

Immigrants had different patterns of health behaviors than nonimmigrants. Immigrants were less likely to perceive continued smoking as harmful and were less likely to be aware of PA benefits. Culturally tailored counselling may be required for immigrants who smoke or are physically sedentary at diagnosis.
Social justice and remembering “the personal is political” in counselling and psychotherapy: So, what can therapists do?
Authors: Winter Laura Anne
Published: March 2019

This brief contribution argues for the importance of a social justice perspective in counselling and psychotherapy, particularly within the current international socio‐political context. Much has been said about social justice over recent years in the fields of psychology, psychotherapy and counselling. Professionals and academics have expressed some concerns about what it might actually mean, or how difficult it might be in practice to engage with this perspective. In this paper, the activist phrase “the personal is political” (Hanisch, 1970) is used to illustrate the way in which a social justice approach to counselling and psychotherapy does not need to be complicated, but rather a foregrounding of a particular understanding of well‐being and the people we work with. Following this, some concrete and straightforward suggestions for how therapists might begin to act on their social justice values are made.
SCAI expert consensus statement on operator and institutional requirements for PFO closure for secondary prevention of paradoxical embolic stroke
Authors: Horlick Eric , Kavinsky Clifford J. , Amin Zahid , Boudoulas Konstantinos Dean , Carroll John D. , Hijazi Ziyad M. , Leifer Dana , Lutsep Helmi L. , Rhodes John F. , Tobis Jonathan M.
Published: March 2019

Until recently, evidence to support Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) closure for secondary prevention of recurrent stroke has been controversial. Publication of high‐quality evidence from randomized clinical trials and the subsequent FDA approval of two devices for percutaneous PFO closure is expected to increase the volume of PFO closure procedures not only in the United States but worldwide. As this technology is disseminated broadly to the public, ensuring the safe and efficacious performance of PFO closure is essential to mitigate risk and avoid unnecessary procedures. This document, prepared by a multi‐disciplinary writing group convened by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and including representatives from the American Academy of Neurology, makes recommendations for institutional infrastructure and individual skills necessary to initiate and maintain an active PFO/stroke program, with emphasis on shared decision making and patient‐centered care.
Operando Spectroscopic Evidence of the Induced Effect of Residual Species in the Reaction Intermediates during CO2 Hydrogenation over Ruthenium Nanoparticles
Authors: Navarro‐Jaén Sara , Szego Anthony , Bobadilla Luis F. , Laguna Óscar H. , Romero‐Sarria Francisca , Centeno Miguel A. , Odriozola José A.
Published: March 2019

In this work, we present a highly active catalyst based on Ru nanoparticles dispersed on alumina, which showed an unexpected activity for CO2 methanation. This exceptional catalytic behavior was attributed to the presence of residual species that remained on the surface after synthesis. Furthermore, through Operando DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) measurements it was demonstrated that these remaining species provoked an induced effect on the nature of the surface intermediates spectroscopically observed, and consequently on their mechanistic role during the pathway of the CO2 hydrogenation to methane.
Fridays for Future
Authors: Böck Barbara
Published: March 2019

No abstract.