bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geoturismo: aprovechamiento turístico del potencial geológico en las veredas de San Benito y San Eugenio, en el municipio de Sibaté
Authors: Núñez Franco Leidy Juliet , Sanabria Rojas Brayan Hernando , Suárez Cruz Christian Stiven
Published: May 2020

La modalidad de turismo conocida como geoturismo, que en los últimos años ha tenido protagonismo en diferentes países y que en Colombia está emergiendo, sirve como diversificadora para la economía local de los territorios por medio del aprovechamiento sostenible del recurso geomorfológico y geológico gestionado por la comunidad receptora en los destinos turísticos. Las veredas San Benito y San Eugenio (zonas rurales del municipio de Sibaté, ubicado en el departamento de Cundinamarca) tuvieron como fuente de ingresos principal la explotación de minerales. Esta vocación minera se vio afectada a partir de la expedición de la Resolución 1197 de 2004 del Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial (hoy Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, MinAmbiente), normativa por medio de la cual se prohibía la explotación de la minería en la zona, situación que generó el éxodo de la población para dedicarse a otras actividades. Tras el cambio, el turismo y las nuevas modalidades, como el geoturismo, aparecen para ayudar a minimizar el impacto provocado en las canteras en donde anteriormente se practicaba la minería y para que en el futuro se pueda desarrollar geoturismo aprovechando las características geomorfológicas y geológicas del territorio.
¿Son los estados de excepción el problema? El ejercicio de la función legislativa a partir de la delegación expresa del Congreso: el caso colombiano
Authors: Arango Restrepo Ana Catalina
Published: May 2020

Una de las razones que justifica el rechazo a los Estados de excepción es el peligro que supone para una democracia que el ejecutivo asuma el ejercicio de la función legislativa. No obstante, un estudio detenido de los decretos con fuerza de ley que ha expedido el presidente de la República entre 1974 y 2014 pone en evidencia que esta función ha sido ejercida en una proporción sustancialmente mayor a partir de la delegación expresa que el propio Congreso ha hecho de ella. Contrario entonces a lo que afirman numerosos estudios, no se trata de un Congreso que observa impotente cómo el ejecutivo utiliza los Estados de excepción para arrogarse la función legislativa sino de un Congreso que participa activamente en la transferencia de la misma y en el desequilibrio de poderes que de ella resulta. Este trabajo tiene por objeto advertir sobre la necesidad de incorporar a la discusión otras figuras, como la delegación de facultades extraordinarias, que pueden llegar a ser más invasivas de las funciones del parlamento que los Estados de excepción y que suponen replantear las medidas que se han adoptado en Colombia para revertir la concentración de poderes en cabeza del ejecutivo.
Stopping Power of Alpha Particles in Helium Gas
Authors: Hiwa M.Q.
Published: May 2020

The stopping power and the range of alpha particles emitted from Am-241 source has been investigated in helium gas at different pressures of 0 to 1 bar, using surface barrier silicon detector in the large vacuum chamber. The energy loss has also been obtained at variable distances from 2 to 8 cm. It is observed that as the pressure in a large vacuum chamber increases, the energy loss of the alpha particle decreases. The measured energy loss of alpha particles at lower pressure of 0 bar is less, but at higher pressure of 1 bar is more. As expected from Bethe --- Bloch formula, the stopping power of charged particle in helium gas at different pressure was found to increase significantly when pressure is increased. The measured value of stopping power and range were compared with SRIM and theoretical value. The experimental value of stopping power and range was found to be very close to the SRIM and theoretical value. Then, the measured value of range was compared with experimental using the Bragg --- Kleeman's rule
Simulation of Elastic Tree-Like Dynamic Systems in Presence of External Holonomic Constraints
Authors: Gevorkian H.A.
Published: May 2020

Modern scientific literature pays close attention to the problems of optimal modeling of elastic dynamic systems. The symbolic-recursive model of Newton --- Euler method with the provision of computational algorithms with a degree of complexity proportional to the dimension of these systems, i.e., O(n), has been adapted for dynamic systems with open kinematic chains, in particular, for elastic manipulators. If dynamic systems have closed kinematic chains, it is extremely difficult to propagate the strategy of numerical analysis without the mass matrix inversion. Consequently, the task of optimal modeling of tree-like dynamic systems is reduced to the search for combined strategies that use the procedures of strategies with and without inversion of mass matrices simultaneously. The paper introduces a method of numerical dynamic analysis of elastic tree-like multilink systems, the method combining the procedure of inverting the mass matrix with the procedure of effective kinematic calculation, borrowed from the generalized Newton --- Euler method. An approximate dynamic analysis technique is proposed that fully reproduces the recursive procedures of the generalized Newton --- Euler method. The technique is confirmed to the extent that the period of inversion of these systems is less than the time of their full functioning, and the range of displacements during one cycle is less than the complete revolution of the mechanism. The use of the approximate method for the dynamic analysis of elastic mechanisms is considered using the example of a numerical dynamic calculation of a slider-crank mechanism with an elastic connecting rod
Case Series of Antrovestibular Polyp: An Unusual Growth of Antral Polyp Toward the Nasal Vestibule Through the Anterior Fontanelle
Authors: Choe Goun , Gelera January E. , Kim Jeong-Whun
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives: This case series is aimed to introduce a new term, antrovestibular polyp (AVP), for an antral polyp herniating anteriorly toward the nasal vestibule and to describe an antral polyp direction of growth through the anterior and posterior fontanelles.Materials and Method: This is a retrospective study involving review of patients who underwent surgery due to maxillary sinus polyp herniating anteriorly toward the nasal vestibular area or posteriorly toward the choana at a tertiary training hospital from January 2007 through July 2016. Their demographic data, computed tomography scan findings, and endoscopic evaluations were analyzed.Results: This study included 49 subjects; 8 (16.33%, 6 males) with AVP and 41 (83.67%, 24 males) with antrochoanal polyps (ACP). The mean ages of AVP and ACP patients were 9 and 14.4 years, respectively (p=0.006). The subjects were identified as AVP when computed tomography scan showed an antral polyp directed anteriorly toward the nasal vestibular area, while polyps growing toward the choana were identified as ACP. Endoscopic review showed that AVP grew out through an accessory ostium located anterior to the uncinate process at the area of the anterior fontanelle, while ACP started from an accessory ostium of the posterior fontanelle or a widened maxillary natural ostium.
Histamine Induced Production of Chemokine CXCL8 Through H1R/PLC and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Nasal Fibroblasts
Authors: Kang Byungjin , Park Joo-Hoo , Lee Heung-Man
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives: Histamine has been suggested to play an important role during allergic and inflammatory reactions, affecting allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. CXCL8 is a pro-inflammatory chemokine and a critical factor that causes many airway inflammatory diseases including allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis.Materials and Method: Histamine cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to identify histamine type 1 receptor in nasal fibroblasts. The fibroblasts were then treated with histamine with or without a histamine type 1 receptor antagonist and the CXCL8 protein was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The downstream signaling molecules, including phospholipase C and phospho-p50, were evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescent staining.Results: Histamine had no significant cytotoxic effect until the concentration reached 1,000 μM. Histamine type 1 receptor mRNA was expressed in nasal fibroblasts. CXCL8 protein expression level was significantly increased following histamine stimulation. However, the expression level of CXCL8 decreased when phospholipase C was inhibited by U73122. Histamine increased phospho-p50 expression as seen in western blot results. The BAY11-7082, NF-κB inhibitor significantly reduced CXCL8 production in histamine-stimulated nasal fibroblasts.Conclusion: Histamine can induce the production of NF-κB controlled-chemokine CXCL8 by nasal fibroblasts, which supports a role for histamine in upper airway inflammatory diseases.
A Child who has Nasal Polyposis Combined with Bronchiectasis
Authors: Kim Sangjun , Kim Daeyeon , Bae Woo Yong , Jung Jin-A
Published: May 2020

Nasal polyps are inflammatory lesions of sinonasal tissue that are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic reaction, and other diseases. Although it is the most common cause of nasal polyps, chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity is not common in children. When nasal polyps are found in childhood, it is important to investigate the cause, such as immunodeficiency disease, cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and other syndromes such as Woakes’ syndrome. We report a child who presented with nasal polyps combined with bronchiectasis with a review of related literature.
Application of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Airway Diseases
Authors: Kim Sung-Dong , Cho Kyu-Sup
Published: May 2020

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to be promising candidates for the treatment of allergic airway diseases. However, MSCs themselves have several problems including immune rejection, risk of aneuploidy, difficulty of handling, and tumorigenicity. An increasing number of studies demonstrated that administration of conditioned media or extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSCs is as effective as the MSCs themselves in suppression of allergic airway inflammation. EVs can exert their effects by delivering their contents such as proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs to recipient cells. Furthermore, the administration of MSCs-derived EVs may reduce potential safety risks associated with stem cell therapy, suggesting that MSCs-derived EVs may be a promising alternative to cell therapy for allergic airway diseases. This review examines the current understanding of the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs-derived EVs and its therapeutic implication for allergic airway diseases.
INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE NOS CURSOS DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA E GESTÃO PÚBLICA NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE CONCEITUAL.
Authors: Corrêa de Oliveira Celmar , Honorato Schuch Santos Carlos , Mastella Mauro , Fernandes Luis Henrique Dias
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho busca responder a seguinte questão de pesquisa: a abordagem interdisciplinar pode colaborar no aperfeiçoamento da formação de gestores públicos? Para responder parcialmente e provisoriamente esta questão, esta pesquisa fez uso da abordagem qualitativa e utilizou-se de uma análise bibliográfica e documental, objetivando analisar o nível de utilização da abordagem interdisciplinar nos projetos pedagógicos dos bacharelados em Administração Pública e Gestão Pública no Brasil.Com a análise realizada, foi possível verificar que o nível de utilização da abordagem interdisciplinar, nos PPC’s dos cursos pesquisados, pode ser considerado médio e que há correspondência entre interdisciplinaridade e desempenho.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ETHNOBOTANICAL USES OF ACACIA JACQUEMONTII BENTH. IN THE THAL DESERT IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Rasool Faiz , Ishaque Muhammad , Yaqoob Shahid , Tanveer Asif
Published: May 2020

This study was conducted in 2014 at the department of botany and the nutritional laboratory of Faisalabad University of Agriculture, in order to assess the chem- ical composition of Acacia jacquemontii Benth. and its ethnobotanical uses in local communities of the Thal desert in Pakistan. To determine its chemical com- position, mature leaves and pods of the species were collected in the field and composite samples were prepared. Their chemical composition was then deter- mined for crude protein, fat, fibre, ash, micro and macro-elements, total pheno- lics, flavonoids, total tannins, alkaloids and saponin. An interview schedule was developed to assess ethnobotanical uses of A. jacquemontii by local communities for food, shelter and medicine. Thirteen local people and thirteen Hakims involved in traditional uses were interviewed. Our results showed that the leaves and seeds of the species contained respectively 22% and 33% of crude proteins and 49% and 15% of crude fibre. Fats in the leaves and seeds amounted to 17% and 28%. The leaves contained 0.1% phosphorus,  0.6% potassium, 1.2% calcium, 0.1% sodium and 0.6% magnesium and micro-el- ements: iron (246 ppm), manganese (29.2 ppm), zinc (27.9 ppm) and copper (14.4 ppm). The amounts of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and total phenolics found in the leaves were 5.8, 168, 196, 124 and 137 respectively. Our results for ethnobotanical uses showed that besides using this shrub for shelter- belts, firewood, fodder and medicines, local people have strong religious beliefs, calling A. jacquemontii the ‘shrub of the ghosts’ and believing in its “magic” pow- ers in the practice of necromancy. It was used in the past by Greek practitioners in this area to treat common ailments.
PASSENGER CAR EQUIVALENT AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WITH COUNTDOWN TIMER IN MALANG CITY
Authors: Anggoro Dikka , Sulistio Harnen , Wicaksono Achmad , Sulistyono Sonya
Published: May 2020

Passenger car equivalents (PCE) is used in highway capacity analysis to convert a mixed vehicle flow into an equvalent passenger car flow. PCE value for a vehicle is not constant but varies with traffic and roadway conditions arround. In this study, PCE for motorcycle, light vehicle and heavy vehicle were developed at signalized intersection on saturation condition with and without countdown timer (CDT) in Malang City and to evaluate the value of analysis pcu and MKJI 1997 pcu. PCE data were collected at five intersection; Ciliwung, Dieng, BCA, L.A. Sucipto and Rampal intersection. A digital video camera was utilized for data collection and linier regresion method was used to calculate the PCE values. The analysis result shows for the average pcu value for the type of motorcycle (MC) at countdown timer on and off condition is 0,294 and 0,293. As for the types of heavy vehicles (HV) at countdown timer on and off conditions are 1.565 and 1.507. While to evaluate the pcu value, there is a significant difference between the value of pcu analysis results with the value of MKJI 1997 with a level of confidence in the significance of 95%. For percentage of motorcylce type (MC) if the percentage value of 75% the pcu value will increase. While for heavy vehicle type (HV) if the percentage is above 1.5% then the value of emp will increase because HV type has big dimension.

Ekivalensi mobil penumpang (emp) digunakan untuk analisis kapasitas jalan. Nilai emp untuk kendaraan tidaklah konstan atau sama tetapi memiliki nilai yang bervariasi. Pada penelitian ini mencari nilai emp untuk jenis kendaraan sepeda motor (MC) dan kendaraan berat (HV) pada simpang bersinyal pada kondisi jenuh dengan menggunakan countdown timer (CDT) pada kondisi on dan off.  Data nilai emp dikumpulkan pada lima simpang di Kota Malang; Simpang Ciliwung, Dieng, BCA, L.A. Sucipto dan Rampal. Video kamera digunakan untuk merekam dan pengumpulan data dan untuk menghitung nilai emp menggunakan metode regresi linier. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa nilai rata-rata untuk sepeda motor pada kondisi CDT on dan off ialah 0,294 dan 0,293. Sedangkan untuk kendaraan berat (HV) untuk kondisi CDT on dan off ialah 1,565 dan 1,507. Sedangkan untuk evaluasi nilai emp terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan diantara nilai emp hasil analisis dengan nilai emp MKJI 1997 dengan tingkat kepercayaan sebesar 95%. Untuk persentase jenis MC, apabila persen kendaraan bermotor meningkat sebesar 75% maka nilai empnya akan meningkat. Sedangkan untuk HV, apabila persen kendaraan berat (HV) meningkat sebesar 1,5% maka nilai empnya akan meningkat dikarenakan dimensi yang besar.
SHEAR STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM USING EXTERNALLY STRIRRUPS
Authors: Saputra Arga , Dewi Sri Murni , Susanti Lilya
Published: May 2020

Initial design errors, especially the installation of stirrups, one of them can cause the beam having shear failure due to installing capacity of stirrups less than the shear capacity that occurs. Shear strengthening in this study used externally stirrups ∅6-75 which were installed in the shear area only. The results of calculation analysis, shear capacity can increase up to 137.82%; 133.42% and 137.12% while the test results increased by 31.58%; 0% and 4.76% in this caseload did not look significant from the results of calculation analysis. However, when viewed from crack pattern that occurs without external stirrups, outer ring has a combination of flexural and shear cracks occurs quite much, besides of flexural and shear cracks, combination of crack also occurs because of pressure beam reach pressure capacity first rather than tensile beam because the ratio of installed reinforcement is over reinforced. Meanwhile, in the beam with external stirrups, the crack pattern that occurs is also a combination of bending and shear cracks, but the cracks that occur are relatively less than the beam without external stirrups. When viewed from the deflection that occurred during the first crack, the reinforced beam experienced a relatively smaller deflection of 0.61 mm beam; 0.31 mm and 0.18 mm rather than beams without externally stirrups 1.28 mm; 0.55 mm and 0.32 mm, so that the beam with external stirrups can be said to be more rigid than the beam without external stirrups.

Kesalahan desain awal, khususnya pemasangan sengkang, salah satunya dapat mengakibatkan balok mengalami kegagalan geser akibat kapasitas sengkang yang terpasang kurang dari kapasitas geser yang terjadi. Perkuatan geser pada penelitian ini menggunakan sengkang ∅6-75 yang dipasang pada daerah geser saja. Hasil dari perhitungan analisis, kapasitas geser dapat meningkat sampai 137,82%; 133,42% dan 137,12% sedangkan dari hasil pengujian mengalami peningkatan sebesar 31,58%; 0% dan 4,76% dalam hal ini peningkatan beban tidak terlihat sesignifikan dari hasil analisis perhitungan, namun jika dilihat dari pola retak yang terjadi beton tanpa perkuatan sengkang luar mengalami kombinasi retak lentur dan geser yang cukup banyak, selain kombinasi retak lentur dan geser, juga terjadi retak akibat balok tekan yang mencapai kapasitas tekan terlebih dahulu daripada balok tarik karena rasio tulangan yang terpasang over reinforced. Sementara itu pada balok dengan perkuatan sengkang luar, pola retak yang terjadi juga kombinasi retak lentur dan retak geser, namun retak yang terjadi relatif lebih sedikit daripada balok tanpa perkuatan. Jika ditinjau dari lendutan yang terjadi pada saat crack pertama, balok yang diberi perkuatan mengalami lendutan yang relatif lebih kecil yaitu 0,61 mm; 0,31 mm dan 0,18 mm daripada balok tanpa perkuatan 1,28 mm; 0,55 mm dan 0,32 mm sehingga balok yang diperkuat dengan sengkang luar dapat dikatakan lebih kaku daripada balok tanpa perkuatan.
THE ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR COLUMN PERFORMANCE TOWARDS STRUCTURAL REINFORCED CONCRATE ELEMENTS BEHAVIOR
Authors: Amira Celica , Nurtanto Dwi , Utami Nanin Meyfa
Published: May 2020

The column has a different cross-sectional capacity based on the direction of the X and Y moments based from the cross section. This research analyzes the performance of reinforced concrete by transformis the square column that already exists into a rectangular column with the function of the building is apartment. The result of this research was to find out performance of rectangular column on the behavior of high building structure. This Research analyzes two shapes of column rectangular and Square with the same area of concrete and reinforcement with all sides equal. Structure will be modeled by structural analysis program. Analyze using interaction diagram by structural analysis program. to find out the collapse of the column. The results of this Research indicates that axial load in any cross section has the same values, as long as the column has the same cross-sectional area and total of reinforcement area. Moment and shear loads with rectangular have a smaller Force on the strong axis X, while in weak axis Y have a greater Force. The displacement on the strong axis X with Square column have a smaller deviations of 10,81%, while on the weak axis Y have a greater deviations of 12,05%.

Kolom memiliki kapasitas penampang yang berbeda berdasarkan arah momen X dan Y jika dilihat dari sisi penampangnya. Penelitian ini menganalisis kinerja struktur beton bertulang dengan merubah bentuk persegi sama sisi menjadi bentuk persegi panjang dengan fungsi bangunan sebagai apartemen. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kinerja kolom dengan bentuk persegi panjang terhadap perilaku struktur gedung seperti simpangan dan gaya dalam pada gedung dalam menerima beban gempa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua bentuk penampang, yaitu persegi sama sisi dan persegi panjang dengan luas penampang beton serta luas tulangan sama dengan tulangan merata. Struktur dimodelkan menggunakan program bantu struktur. Menganalisis kolom menggunakan diagram interaksi dengan program bantu struktur untuk mengetahui letak keruntuhan kolom. Hasil analisis menunjukkan gaya aksial dalam bentuk penampang apapun memiliki hasil yang sama, selama memiliki luas penampang kolom dan luas tulangan total yang sama. Gaya momen dan gaya geser kolom persegi panjang menghasilkan gaya yang lebih kecil pada sumbu kuat X, sedangkan pada sumbu lemah Y menghasilkan gaya yang lebih besar. Simpangan struktur antar lantai pada sumbu kuat X dengan penampang kolom persegi sama sisi menghasilkan simpangan yang lebih kecil 10,81%, sedangkan pada sumbu lemahnya menghasilkan simpangan lebih besar yaitu 12,05%.
SETTLEMENT EVALUATION AND BACK ANALYSIS OF THE GROUND DESIGN PARAMETERS ON THE SOIL IMPROVEMENT OF PRELOADING METHOD COMBINED WITH PVD
Authors: Adiba Intan Kamila , Irawan Januar Fery , Wicaksono Luthfi Amri
Published: May 2020

The use of the preloading method, which combined with PVD, is now a common method of soil improvement that proved effective in increasing bearing capacity and reducing settlement on soft soil ground types like former rice fields. In order to reach an optimum effectiveness of soil improvement, an evaluation of the settlement should be done by reviewing the performance of soil improvement along with geotechnical instruments installed in the field. In this study, the back analysis method is used to determine the soil design parameters that are following the actual conditions in the field. The results obtained from the evaluation of settlement conducted is the difference between settlement calculation theoretically before the improvement of soil with the available field data of monitoring Settlement Plate. An average percentage of 118% was obtained from the calculation. In contrast, an average percentage of 2.87% was obtained as the difference between the final settlement prediction of Asaoka's with actual settlements based on Settlement Plate readings data in the field. The parameters of the soil results from the back analysis gave new values with each of the average of Ch= 0.02936; Cc= 0.27313; kv= 0.00005 m/day; and mv= 0.00064m2/kN. The difference between theoretical settlement recalculated using the soil parameter of the back analysis method with the actual settlement based on monitoring of Settlement Plate gave an average percentage of 12.66%.

Metode Preloading yang dikombinasikan dengan PVD merupakan salah satu metode perbaikan tanah yang terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan daya dukung tanah dan mengurangi settlement pada tanah jenis lunak seperti tanah bekas sawah. Agar perbaikan tanah yang dilakukan memiliki efektifitas optimum, perlu adanya evaluasi terhadap settlement yang terjadi dengan meninjau kinerja perbaikan tanah beserta instrumeninstrumen geoteknik yang terpasang di lapangan. Selain itu, dilakukan Metode Analisa Balik untuk mengetahui parameter desain tanah yang sesuai dengan keadaan sesungguhnya di lapangan. Hasil yang didapatkan dari evaluasi settlement yang dilakukan adalah selisih settlement secara teoritis sebelum adanya perbaikan tanah dengan settlement berdasarkan monitoring Settlement Plate di lapangan dalam persentase rata-rata sebesar 118%, sedangkan selisih antara final settlement prediksi Asaoka dengan settlement akhir berdasarkan monitoring Settlement Plate di lapangan mendapatkan persentase rata-rata sebesar 2,15%. Parameter-parameter tanah hasil dari analisa balik memiliki nilai baru dengan masing-masing rata-rata sebesar Ch= 0,02936; Cc= 0,27313; kv= 0,00005 m/hari; dan mv= 0,00064m2 /kN. Sedangkan untuk selisih antara settlement secara teoritis yang dihitung kembali menggunakan parameter tanah hasil analisa balik dengan settlement aktual berdasarkan data bacaan Settlement Plate mendapatkan persentase rata-rata sebesar 12,66%.
PLANNING OF FLOATING FOUNDATION FOR SOFT SOIL IN GLAGAH AGUNG, BANYUWANGI CITY
Authors: Sandi Dora Melati Nurita , Suryani Erna , Febrian Ayu Wanda
Published: May 2020

Soft soil in construction often creates a problem. Soft soil which has the characteristics of low bearing capacity and high shrinkage properties becomes a problem for construction. One of the efforts to overcome these problems is by planning building foundations that are following soft soil characters. A floating foundation is planned that adopts the concept of lightweight concrete. The lightweight concrete used is an innovative concrete that uses styrofoam as a substitute for coarse aggregate. So that this concrete does not require broken stone or gravel as a concrete filler. Initial planning for floating foundations was carried out in the Purwoharjo area. Soil samples are taken and analyzed their characteristics to get the soil parameters. Then the dimensions of the foundation are planned by using the terzaghi formula for shallow foundations. The decrease or settlement of the soil was analyzed using the help of PLAXIS 2D software.

Tanah lunak dalam konstruksi seringkali menjadi sebuah kendala. Tanah lunak yang memiliki karakteristik daya dukung rendah dan sifat kembang susut tinggi menjadi sebuah permasalahan dalam mendirikan bangunan di atasnya. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan merencanakan pondasi bangunan yang sesuai dengan karakter tanah lunak. Direncanakan sebuah pondasi apung yang mengadopsi konsep beton ringan. Beton ringan yang digunakan merupakan beton inovasi yang menggunakan styrofoam sebagai pengganti agregat kasarnya. Sehingga beton ini tidak memerlukan batu pecah atau kerikil sebagai bahan pengisi beton. Perencanaan awal untuk pondasi apung, dilakukan di daerah Purwoharjo. Sample tanah diambil dan dianalisis karakteristiknya untuk mendapatkan parameter-parameter tanahnya. Kemudian direncanakan dimensi pondasi dengan menggunakan rumus terzaghi untuk pondasi dangkal. Penurunan atau settlement tanah dianalisis menggunakan bantuan software PLAXIS 2D.
Risk Assessment of Occupational Accident of the Riggers at PT X Surabaya
Authors: Pasaribu Grace Stacyana
Published: May 2020

Introduction: PT. X in Surabaya is a company specialized in the provision of freight services, both domestically and internationally. The loading and unloading services at PT. X is performed 24 hours a day; thus, the company regulates 3-shift divisions each day. The services are done by moving containers from a ship to chassis trucks or the other way around by using a crane operated by the STS operator and riggers. The loading and unloading services are believed as high-risk activities, since the workers are exposed to falling, slipping, being struck down by materials or containers, or being squeezed. Methods: This study applies the cross-sectional design with the observational approach. The variables of this study comprise hazard identification, risk assessment, risk control, and residual risk. The variable of risk assessment is done by applying the qualitative method. The primary data is obtained through observation and interview, while the secondary data is acquired from the company profile. Results: In the hazard identification, one low-risk hazard, 11 moderate-risk hazards, and ten high-risk hazards are discovered. Conclusion: It can be affirmed that as much as 45.45% of high-risk hazard is found amongst the riggers, such as the hands are squeezed by mooring ropes, being crushed by containers, falling from the heights, falling into a ship hatch, and being struck down or hit by twist locks.Keywords: loading and unloading, riggers, risk assessment
RELATION OF WORKER CHARACTERISTICS AND PERSONAL DUST LEVEL TO THE VITAL LUNG CAPACITY OF WORKERS IN THE FURNITURE INDUSTRY
Authors: Arini Putri
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTFurniture industry is one of growing industry in Indonesia which has rapid growth. The process of its production brings one complex problem; wood dust. Workers who engage in the production process will have problem with their lung which can lead problem into their respiratory system. It is caused by the wood dust that mixed into oxygen they breath. Furthermore, if this condition happens in long period, it become a serious problem; impairment of vital pulmonary capacity. Besides, the impairment of vital pulmonary capacity can occur due to workers characteristics or conditions such as age, working history, working period, shelf period, illness history, smoking habit, diet, exercise, and the wearing of APD. The purpose of this research was to find out the relation between workers characteristics and personal dust level within vital capacity of lung. This research used cross sectional design with 17 respondents which was took by simple random sampling technique. This research took place at furniture industry X in Tubanan, Tandes, Surabaya, started from April to May 2018. Data was analysed using chi-square test and independent t-test with accuracy up to 95%. Data was collected through interview, observation, and measurement. The result of this research showed that there was correlation between working period, shelf period, and smoking habit within vital pulmonary capacity. The conclusion of this research was that working period, shelf period, smoking habit had important role to workers vital pulmonary capacity in furniture industry.Keywords: worker characteristics, wood dust, vital capacity of lung, furniture industry
Deuxième partie : Épidémiologie et modélisation des maladies infectieuses aquacoles
Authors: MEDALE F. , MICHEL C.
Published: May 2020

Les moteurs de l'évolution des agents pathogènes, qu'il s'agisse des espèces sensibles, des vecteurs animaux ou des effets environnementaux incluant la pollution et le réchauffement climatique sont difficiles à appréhender. Il est donc important de générer des connaissances sur l’épidémiologie des maladies infectieuses aquacoles pour lesquelles il est difficile de contrôler le milieu d'élevage. Les connaissances épidémiologiques ainsi acquises peuvent alimenter des modèles dynamiques de transmission de ces maladies.
Un premier article (Renault et al) présente les facteurs de risques d’apparition et d’émergence des maladies en aquaculture. Il souligne l’importance de générer des données pour améliorer la connaissance des facteurs d’épidémiologie descriptive impliqués dans l’apparition et la diffusion de maladies dues à des agents infectieux, en s’intéressant notamment aux interactions entre l’hôte, l’agent pathogène et l’environnement. Dans ce cadre, le développement d’études portant sur les effets de polluants et de facteurs physico-chimiques liés aux changements globaux chez différentes espèces d’intérêt aquacole est considéré comme une priorité.
Un second article (Thébault et al) décrit l’intérêt potentiel de la modélisation pour l’étude de maladies infectieuses chez les poissons et les mollusques. La formulation précise des questions posées par une maladie infectieuse ouvre la voie à des formes de modélisation dynamique intégrant les caractéristiques de population de l'agent pathogène et les effets des actions de maîtrise éventuellement mises en œuvre. Parmi les retombées utiles de la modélisation, figurent l'évaluation anticipée des mesures de contrôle et l'identification en continu des lacunes pouvant subsister dans un corpus de données. Le manque de données issues aussi bien du terrain que de l'expérimentation est le principal frein au développement de tels modèles en infectiologie aquacole. Il ne faut évidemment pas attendre de la modélisation plus qu'elle ne peut donner. Néanmoins, l’expérience des élevages terrestres montre que la modélisation peut parfois contribuer à quelques améliorations, notamment en termes de gestion de la santé des élevages au quotidien ou d’aide à la décision.
Troisième partie : Mesures de gestion du risque d’apparition des maladies infectieuses aquacoles
Authors: CAHU C. , POULIQUEN H.
Published: May 2020

Les réseaux de surveillance des maladies infectieuses aquacoles constituent un excellent outil de gestion de ces maladies. Un premier article (Joly et al) présente la surveillance des maladies des mollusques par le biais de deux réseaux de surveillance, REPAMO (surveillance de l’apparition des maladies chez les coquillages des côtes françaises métropolitaines) et REPANUI (surveillance de l’apparition des maladies de l’huître perlière en Polynésie). De tels réseaux n’existent pas pour les poissons. Etant donné leur intérêt pour la gestion des élevages, l’Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA) a décidé de mettre en place cette année un réseau de surveillance des maladies des poissons, qui bénéficiera de l’expérience des réseaux mollusques.
Parmi les mesures de gestion des maladies infectieuses piscicoles, la vaccination est celle qui séduit le plus les professionnels de terrain. Un deuxième article (Quentel et al) dresse ainsi l’état des lieux des vaccins disponibles en pisciculture. La principale limite de la vaccination tient à la difficulté d'en garantir l'efficacité lors d'administration orale malgré des tentatives d'amélioration par microencapsulation. Par ailleurs, le nombre de vaccins disponibles est très limité en raison des investissements nécessaires pour obtenir une autorisation de mise sur le marché piscicole de taille réduite. Les autovaccins peuvent aussi être utilisés, notamment en situation d’urgence, même si leurs conditions de préparation sont réglementées.
La sélection génétique d'animaux résistants est porteuse d'espoir, en particulier pour les animaux destinés à l'exportation. Un troisième article (Quillet et al) présente donc la génétique de la réponse aux pathogènes piscicoles. Néanmoins, cette sélection génétique soulève des questions, d’une part sur les éventuelles corrélations génétiques entre différentes maladies ou entre une maladie et d’autres caractères (par exemple, la résistance à la SHV montre une légère corrélation négative avec la croissance chez la truite), d’autre part sur la possibilité de mutation des agents pathogènes.
Les probiotiques, les prébiotiques et les peptides antimicrobiens pourraient à terme et en partie se substituer aux antibiotiques, notamment pour des raisons d'image des élevages et des produits mais aussi par crainte de voir se développer des antibiorésistances dans les élevages. Un dernier article (Nicolas et al) souligne donc la nécessité de soutenir des études sur ce thème dans le double objectif, d’une part d'une meilleure compréhension de leurs effets sur le système immunitaire des animaux aquatiques, d’autre part de la détermination de leur innocuité pour les animaux cibles, le consommateur et l’environnement.
Il faut également rappeler la nécessité de poursuivre des études sur l’utilisation raisonnée des antibiotiques, principal moyen thérapeutique à court et moyen terme contre certaines maladies infectieuses aquacoles, émergentes ou non.
Quelles stratégies alternatives aux antibiotiques en aquaculture ?
Authors: NICOLAS J.L. , GATESOUPE F.J. , FROUEL S. , BACHERE E. , GUEGUEN Y.
Published: May 2020

Malgré des réglementations contraignantes, l’usage des antibiotiques en préventif est encore répandu en aquaculture, particulièrement pendant les phases critiques (stades précoces, métamorphose, transferts d’animaux), mais aussi chez des animaux en croissance. En plus des améliorations que l’on peut encore apporter en matière de zootechnie et de prophylaxie traditionnelle, des méthodes alternatives sont maintenant disponibles ou en développement.
Les préparations microbiennes commercialisées pour les élevages terrestres sont de plus en plus utilisées pour les élevages de crevettes et de poissons, mais chaque espèce ou élevage demanderait des expérimentations particulières pour déterminer les produits et les doses les plus efficaces. En effet, les réponses des animaux à l’ajout des probiotiques peuvent être variables et l’absence de données fiables freine leur application en routine. Les probiotiques d’origine terrestre contenant des Lactobacillus, des Bacillus ou d’autres bactéries de genres connexes, ou bien encore des levures, ne conviennent pas pour les mollusques bivalves comme les huîtres, les coquilles St Jacques, les palourdes. Seules quelques bactéries marines sélectionnées protègent les larves de bivalves contre les infections bactériennes. Cependant, l’utilisation pratique de ces bactéries gram (-) pose de nombreux problèmes d’autorisation légale, de production, de conservation et de distribution. L’intérêt des probiotiques réside dans leurs effets multiples, qui associent à des activités antibactériennes, des effets sur l’hôte telles que la stimulation de la réponse immunitaire ou celle de la croissance, bien que les mécanismes d’action ne soient pas clairement identifiés. Par contre ils n’ont pas la même efficacité que les antibiotiques pour stopper une infection.
Les prébiotiques comme les fructo-oligosaccharides constituent une autre possibilité d’améliorer la santé des animaux, et des essais ont montré leur efficacité chez les alevins de turbot par exemple.
Une troisième alternative est représentée par les peptides antimicrobiens. Ces molécules ont un large spectre d’activité antimicrobienne. Ils peuvent tuer des bactéries gram (-) et gram (+), des champignons ou des virus enveloppés. Plusieurs de ces peptides viennent d’être découverts chez les invertébrés marins (crevettes et huîtres), où ils sont un élément essentiel de la défense de ces animaux sans immunité acquise. Ils pourraient remplacer avantageusement les antibiotiques à terme. Ils devraient générer moins de résistances chez les microorganismes cibles, car ils agissent sur les membranes cellulaires et ils devraient être plus vite dégradés sans produire de résidus.
Analysis of the Possibility of Transport Mode Switch: A Case Study for Joinville Students
Authors: Schubert Thamires , Henning Elisa , Becker Lopes Simone
Published: May 2020

This work mainly aims to identify and understand the factors influencing the switching of transportation modes among higher-education students in Joinville, Brazil when traveling to universities. Furthermore, this study evaluates the possibility of switching from individual vehicles to other modes of transport (i.e., bus, bicycle, and walking) by employing a multinomial logit model. The results indicate that students would be interested in switching from individual motor vehicles to other options. The scenarios for switching to buses presented the highest switching probability. The bus cost was the most important factor for switching. Meanwhile, the parking space reduction does not affect the student's choice, indicating that restricting available spaces should not be an isolated measure for decreasing the car mode attractiveness. Finally, the transport mode switch would occur only if alternative modes to the car or their infrastructure are improved; otherwise, students maintain their usual choices.
Lowered Antioxidant Defenses and Increased Oxidative Toxicity Are Hallmarks of Deficit Schizophrenia: Neurocognitive and Symptom Correlates
Authors: Maes Michael , Sirivichayakul Sunee , Matsumoto Andressa Keiko , Michelin Anna Paula , Semeão Laura de Oliveira , de Lima Pedrão João Victor , Moreira Estefania G. , Barbosa Decio S. , Carvalho Andre F. , Solmi Marco , Kanchanatawan Buranee
Published: May 2020

Background: There is now evidence that schizophrenia and deficit schizophrenia are neuro-immune conditions and that oxidative stress toxicity (OSTOX) may play a pathophysiological role. Aims of the study: To compare OSTOX biomarkers and antioxidant (ANTIOX) defenses in deficit versus non-deficit schizophrenia. Methods: We examined lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), sulfhydryl (-SH) groups, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and PON1 Q192R genotypes, total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) as well as immune biomarkers in patients with deficit (n=40) and non-deficit (n=40) schizophrenia and healthy controls (n=40). Results: Deficit schizophrenia is characterized by significantly increased levels of AOPP and lowered -SH, and PON1 activity, while no changes in the OSTOX/ANTIOX biomarkers were found in non-deficit schizophrenia. An increased OSTOX/ANTIOX ratio was significantly associated with deficit versus non-deficit schizophrenia (Odds ratio=3.15, p<0.001). Partial least squares analysis showed that 47.6% of the variance in a latent vector extracted from psychosis, excitation, hostility, mannerism, negative symptoms, psychomotor retardation, formal thought disorders, and neurocognitive test scores was explained by LOOH+AOPP, PON1 genotype + activity, CCL11, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IgA responses to neurotoxic tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), whereas -SH groups and IgM responses to MDA showed indirect effects mediated by OSTOX and neuro-immune biomarkers. Discussion: Our findings indicate that with increasing overall severity of schizophrenia, neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative (especially protein oxidation indicating chlorinative stress) toxicities become more prominent and together with lowered antioxidant defenses and impairments in innate immunity-associated resilience against neurotoxic processes shape a distinct nosological entity, namely deficit schizophrenia.
Prediction and Spread Visualization of Covid-19 Pandemic Using Machine Learning
Authors: N Roy Anit , Jose Jais , Sunil Aswin , Gautam Neha , Nathalia Deepa , Suresh Arjun
Published: May 2020

The sudden pervasive of severe acute respiratory syndrome Covid-19 has been leading the universe into a prominent crisis. It has influenced each zone, for example, industrial area, horticultural zone, Public transportation, economic zone, and so on. So as to see how Covid-19 affected the globe, we conducted an investigation characterizing the effects of the pandemic over the world using Machine Learning (ML) method. Prediction is a typical data science exercise that helps the administration with function planning, objective setting, and anomaly detection. We propose an additive regression model with interpretable parameters that can be naturally balanced by experts with domain intuition about the time series. We focus on global data beginning from 22nd January 2020, till 26th April 2020 and performed dynamic map visualization of Covid-19 expansion globally by date wise and predicting the spread of virus on all countries and continents. The major advantages of this work include accurate analysis of country-wise as well as province/state-wise confirmed cases, recovered cases, deaths, prediction of pandemic viral attack and how far it is expanding globally.
Prevalence and Acceptance of Face Mask Practice among Individuals Visiting Hospital during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study
Authors: Gunasekaran Gobi Hariyanayagam , Gunasekaran Sera Selvanthan Sundram , Gunasekaran Shargunan Selvanthan , Abdul Halim Fouzia Hanim Binti
Published: May 2020

Background: The COVID-19 transmission has been established to occur through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing. Health agencies have strongly recommended the use of facemask as a precaution from cross-transmission. Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of facemask use among visitors to the hospital. This study also investigated the demographic factors contributing to unacceptable facemask practice. Setting: This prospective observational study was done among hospital visitors to a district specialist hospital during COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Methods: Individuals entering through dedicated entry point were observed for the type, category and practice of wearing personal protective equipment. Inclusion criteria for this study were any individual's ≥ 2 years old entering the treatment facility from selected entry points. Patients were categorized into two groups of acceptable and unacceptable facemask practice. The Pearson chi-square was used to test for differences in investigated variables in the univariate setting and Binary Logistic regression model was used in the multivariate setting. Main Outcome Measure: Prevalence, acceptance practice and odds ratio of unacceptance of facemask use. Results: Among 1652 individuals included in the final analysis, 1574 (96.9%) was observed wearing facemask with 1269 (72.0%) of individuals worn medical-grade facemask. However, among them, only 1397 (88.8%) individuals' facemask practice was acceptable while the reaming 177 (11.2) individuals were perceived with unacceptable facemask practice. Male individuals, Malay ethnic and high risk age group are 1.47 times (Odds Ratio: OR=1.47; 95% CI, 1.06-2.06; p=.023), 2.18 times (OR=2.18; 95% CI, 1.55-3.08; p<.001) and 1.99 times (OR=2.18; 95% CI, 1.42 - 2.77; p<.001) more likely to exhibit unacceptable facemask practice respectively. Conclusion: Extensive use of facemasks coupled with environmental hygiene measures is a public health strategy which can help to mitigate the COVID-19 epidemic impact. However, a targeted comprehensive strategy to improve compliance to proper facemask practice among the high-risk population is needed to achieve maximal protective benefit.
COVID-19: In the Eye of the Cytokine Storm
Authors: de la Rica Roberto , Borges Marcio , Gonzalez-Freire Marta
Published: May 2020

The dysregulated release of cytokines has been identified as one of the key factors behind poorer outcomes in COVID-19. This ‘cytokine storm ‘produces an excessive inflammatory and immune response, especially in the lungs, leading to acute respiratory distress (ARDS), pulmonary edema and multi-organ failure. Alleviating this inflammatory state is crucial to improve prognosis. Pro-inflammatory factors play a central role in COVID-19 severity, especially in patients with comorbidities In these situations, an overactive, untreated immune response can be deadly, suggesting that mortality in COVID-19 cases is likely due to this virally driven hyperinflammation. Administering immunomodulators has not yielded conclusive improvements in other pathologies characterized by dysregulated inflammation such as sepsis, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS. The success of these drugs at reducing COVID-19-driven inflammation is still anecdotal and comes with serious risks. It is also imperative to screen the elderly for risk factors that predispose them to severe COVID-19. Immunosenescence and comorbidities should be taken into consideration. In this review, we summarize the latest data available about the role of the cytokine storm in COVID-19 disease severity as well as potential therapeutic approaches to ameliorate it. We also examine the role of inflammation in other diseases often comorbid with COVID-19, such as aging, sepsis, and pulmonary disorders. Finally, we identify gaps in our knowledge and suggest priorities for future research aimed at stratifying patients according to risk as well as personalizing therapies in the context of COVID19-driven hyperinflammation.