bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixed Evidence for Name Priming Effects as a Measure of Implicit Self-Esteem: A Conceptual Replication of Krause Et Al. (2012)
Authors: Jusepeitis Adrian , Rothermund Klaus
Published: October 2021

Krause et al. (2012) demonstrated that evaluative responses elicited by self-related primes in an affective priming task have incremental validity over explicit self-esteem in predicting self-serving biases in performance estimations and expectations in an anagram task. We conducted a conceptual replication of their experiment in which we added a behavioral and an affective outcome and presented names instead of faces as self-related primes. A heterogeneous sample (N = 96) was recruited for an online data collection. Name primes produced significantly positive and reliable priming effects, which correlated with explicit self-esteem. However, neither these priming effects nor explicit self-esteem predicted the cognitive, affective, or behavioral outcomes. Despite the lack of predictive validity of the implicit measure for affective and behavioral outcomes, the positive and reliable priming effects produced by name primes warrant the further investigation of the validity of the affective priming paradigm as a measure of implicit self-esteem.
EU’s Crisis Response Strategy in Light of Global Challenges
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shcherbak Igor
Published: October 2021

The author explores the key aspects of EU‟s crisis response strategy evolution. Special attention is paid to the EU‟s policy countering hybrid threats and promoting cyber security, informationcommunication technology, mediation. The article shows that the EU‟s strategy aimed at creation of modern information-communication infrastructure and digital platforms in different regions of the world significantly broaden the technical capacity of the EU to monitor crisis situations, to take measures for an early prevention of conflicts and to timely forecast potential armed conflicts and optimal parameters of the EU‟s technical assistance for the purpose of development and post-conflict reconstruction of conflict-affected states. The author underlines that the modernization of the EU‟s crisis prevention strategy is driven by the new challenges to global and European security as well as by a profound transformation of modern international relations. Cooperation of the EU and the UN in the sphere of peacekeeping and the EU‟s military operation in the framework of the crisis management strategy has also been analyzed. Specific details of the EU‟s concept of “complex approach” to the crisis prevention strategy have been equally presented in the paper.
Electronic Media and Social Networks in Politics: European Experience
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Skripka Ivan
Published: October 2021

The article outlines the relationship between the political process and the development of "new" mass media which mainly means social networks. Electronic media, including social networks, pose a challenge to the current state of international relations. In this regard, a number of states (Belorussia, Russia, Great Britain) and supranational structures (European Commission, UN) are developing a digital legislation envisaging control over the online space. In addition to the negative aspects, the development of "new" media helps political forces in their activities. Many European politicians and political parties actively use Internet resources and micro-targeting to attract voters. The challenge for governments and researchers in this field is to understand the pros and cons of the new digital era and to develop a plan for integrating new technologies into the familiar political process. It is concluded that the European Union and other states are at the stage of development and entry into force of uniform rules regulating the Internet. The trend towards the formation of a single legal field is combined with legislative regulation at the national level, since this area affects issues of security and sovereignty.
Impact of Renewable Energy Development in Germany on Russian Energy Export
Authors:   Institute of Economics of Ural Branch of RAS, Andreeva Elena , Ratner Artem ,   Institute of Economics of Ural Branch of RAS, Sobolev Andrei ,   Trade mission of the Russian Federation in the Federal Republic of Germany
Published: October 2021

The development of renewable energy is the most prominent global trend. Germany pursues an active environmental policy. On July 3, 2020 Germanу passed legislation to close all coal-fired power plants by 2038. The development of renewable energy sources and advanced technologies in this segment will lead to a decrease in demand for some Russian energy products (coal, oil), reorient the supply to developing countries and generate a demand for the use of new advanced technologies in Russian fuel and energy export. The article is based on the international, German and Russian statistics and legal acts. The main global trends in consumption of traditional energy sources and forecasts of a number of agencies regarding their development are explored. The trends of renewable energy sources in Germany and the economic incentives for their development have been explored. An impact of renewable energy on the dynamics and structure of Russian energy exports to Germany is revealed.
Phosphorylation of CREB at Serine 142 and 143 Is Essential for Visual Cortex Plasticity
Authors: Pulimood Nisha S. , Contreras Minerva , Pruitt Molly E. , Tarasiewicz Agnieszka , Medina Alexandre E.
Published: October 2021

The transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is involved in a myriad of cellular functions in the central nervous system. For instance, the role of CREB via phosphorylation at the amino-acid residue Serine (Ser)133 in expressing plasticity-related genes and activity-dependent neuronal plasticity processes has been extensively demonstrated. However, much less is known about the role of CREB phosphorylation at Ser142 and Ser143. Here, we employed a viral vector containing a dominant negative form of CREB, with serine-to-alanine mutations at residue 142 and 143 to specifically block phosphorylation at both sites. We then transfected this vector into primary neuronsin vitroor intracortically injected it into micein vivo, to test whether these phosphorylation events were important for activity-dependent plasticity. We demonstrated by immunohistochemistry of cortical neuronal cultures that the expression of Arc, a known plasticity-related gene, requires triple phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133, Ser142, and Ser143. Moreover, we recorded visually-evoked field potentials in awake mice before and after a 7-d period of monocular deprivation (MD) to show that, in addition to CREB phosphorylation at Ser133, ocular dominance plasticity (ODP) in the visual cortex also requires CREB phosphorylation at Ser142/143. Our findings suggest that Ser142/143 phosphorylation is an additional post-translational modification of CREB that triggers the expression of specific target genes and activity-dependent neuronal plasticity processes.
Constantine’s Radiate Statue and the Founding of Constantinople
Authors: Angelova Diliana
Published: October 2021

This essay challenges the idea that Constantine’s radiate statue on his Constantinopolitan column assimilated the Christian emperor to the pagan deity Apollo Sol, the Radiant Sun. Iconographic analysis of Roman coinage allows us to understand the imperial crown of rays as an attribute of Divus Augustus, Augustus the God. I argue that from Nero through Constantine, the last Roman emperor to use the corona radiata in his portraiture, the radiate crown signified the theomorphic assimilation of the reigning emperor to Divus Augustus. Every man who wore it claimed to be “the Divine Augustus of the Present Age.” The corona radiata was thus at once a religious and an imperial symbol that signified the continuity of the “Augustan line.” My analysis of imperial coinage affirms this conclusion in demonstrating that its uses were independent of the emperor’s personal patron deity, including Sol.

These proposals have important repercussions for understanding Constantine’s faith. The religious compromise that the Christian Constantine entered in agreeing to a radiate portrait concerned imperial legitimation. Though a devout believer, the emperor still chose to remain the Divine Augustus in his new city, as that concession signaled something important that he could not communicate otherwise: his new city’s identity vis-à-vis Rome.
Being Roman in the Sasanian Empire
Authors: Gross Simcha
Published: October 2021

Over the past several decades, scholars have challenged longstanding assumptions about Christian narratives of persecution. In light of these revisionist trends, a number of scholars have reconsidered the “Great Persecution” of Christians under the fourth-century Sasanian king Shapur II. Where scholars previously argued that the cause of Sasanian imperial violence against Christians was a perceived connection between them and the increasingly Christian Roman Empire, these new accounts reject this explanation and downplay the scope of violence against Christians. This article reexamines Sasanian violence against Christians in the fourth century, navigating between the proverbial Scylla and Charybdis of positivist and revisionist approaches. It argues that the accusations against Christians must be situated within the broader Roman-Sasanian conflict. In this context, fifth-column accusations were a pervasive anxiety, animated—and deployed—by empires and inhabitants alike. Yet, rather than inexorably leading to indiscriminate violence against all Christians, fifth-column accusations operated in a variety of ways, resulting in targeted violence but also, it is argued, in imperial patronage. Seen in this light, concerns for Christian disloyalty were responsible for the drastic vacillations in Christian experience under Sasanian rule during the fourth and early fifth centuries, unparalleled for other non-Iranian Sasanian communities, such as Jews. It was the particular circumstances of Christians, caught between the Sasanian and Roman Empires, that account for their experience under Sasanian rule.
Cardiovascular risk profile in growth hormone-treated adults with craniopharyngioma compared to non-functioning pituitary adenoma: a national cohort study
Authors: Verweij Tim , Slagboom Tessa N A , van Varsseveld Nadège C , van der Lely Aart-Jan , Drent Madeleine L , van Bunderen Christa C
Published: October 2021

Context

Cardiovascular (CV) risk profile might differ between growth hormone-treated patients with craniopharyngioma and non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA), since patients with craniopharyngioma more frequently suffer from hypothalamic metabolic disruption.

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the CV risk profile in adult patients with craniopharyngioma compared to NFPA before and after treatment with growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy due to severe GH deficiency.

Design

A sub-analysis of the Dutch National Registry of Growth Hormone Treatment in Adults was performed, in which we compared 291 patients with craniopharyngioma to 778 patients with NFPA. CV risk profile and morbidity were evaluated at baseline and during long-term follow-up within and between both groups.

Results

At baseline, patients with craniopharyngioma demonstrated higher BMI than patients with NFPA, and men with craniopharyngioma showed greater waist circumference and lower HDL compared to men with NFPA. During follow-up, BMI, as well as diastolic blood pressure among patients using antihypertensive drugs, deteriorated in the craniopharyngioma group compared to the NFPA group. Lipid profile improved similarly in both groups over time. No differences were found between groups in the occurrence of diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular accidents, CV disease, or overall mortality.

Conclusion

This study suggests that overall CV risk profile is worse in craniopharyngioma patients with GH deficiency compared to patients with NFPA. During GH replacement therapy, patients with craniopharyngioma demonstrated an increase in BMI over time, where BMI remained stable in patients with NFPA. Also, diastolic blood pressure did not improve with antihypertensive drugs in craniopharyngioma patients as seen in patients with NFPA.
Anxiety and depression-like behaviours are more frequent in aged male mice conceived by ART compared with natural conception
Authors: Qin Ning-Xin , Zhao Yi-Ran , Shi Wei-Hui , Zhou Zhi-Yang , Zou Ke-Xin , Yu Chuan-Jin , Liu Xia , Dong Ze-Han , Mao Yi-Ting , Zhou Cheng-Liang , Yu Jia-Le , Liu Xin-Mei , Sheng Jian-Zhong , Ding Guo-Lian , Zhao Wen-Long , Wu Yan-Ting , Huang He-Feng
Published: October 2021

The number of children born after assisted reproductive technology (ART) is accumulating rapidly, and the health problems of the children are extensively concerned. This study aims to evaluate whether ART procedures alter behaviours in male offspring. Mouse models were utilized to establish three groups of offspring conceived by natural conception (NC), in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET), and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (IVF-FET), respectively. A battery of behaviour experiments for evaluating anxiety and depression levels, including the open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM) test, light/dark transition test (L/DTT), tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT) was carried out. Aged (18 months old), but not young (3 months old), male offspring in the IVF-ET and IVF-FET groups, compared with those in the NC group, exhibited increased anxiety and depression-like behaviours. The protein expression levels of three neurotrophins in PFC or hippocampus in aged male offspring from the IVF-ET and IVF-FET groups reduced at different extent, in comparison to NC group. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed in the hippocampus of 18 months old offspring to further explore the gene expression profile changes in the three groups. KEGG analyses revealed the coexisted pathways, such as PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, which potentially reflected the similarity and divergence in anxiety and depression between the offspring conceived by IVF-ET and IVF-FET. Our research suggested the adverse effects of advanced age on the psychological health of children born after ART should be highlighted in the future.
Collaboration: Report on the Study of Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescents (III)
Authors: Tang Yipeng , Zheng Jie , Sun Xiaoxue , Huang Jingzhong
Published: October 2021

Collaboration is essential to social and emotional competence. Accordingly, collaboration has always been considered a key indicator and core accomplishment of students' development. People who excel at collaboration can successfully cooperate with others, reduce interpersonal conflict and achieve the final goal by maintaining a positive attitude. For children and adolescents, greater collaboration means more pro-social behaviors and fewer problem behaviors. Collaboration is also important for students' life development and is closely linked to some life outcome variables, such as educational expectations, health and well-being, according to the OECD. Based on evaluation data out of Suzhou, China, the study under review presents the evaluation results of teenagers' cooperation ability from different dimensions and levels. The authors present the research results from three aspects, including the predictive variable analysis of collaboration ability and the life outcome variable of collaboration ability. Analysis shows that the students’ empathy, trust, and cooperation capabilities differ depending on age, gender, urban & rural areas, and school types; correlation exists in the 15 kinds abilities of the “Big Five Personalities”. Through regression analysis from multiple aspects explored the prediction variables, the researchers explored the student's ability of collaboration and cooperation ability in the 5 major categories of life outcome variables. Specific research results are as follows:
Open-Mindedness: Report on the Study of Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescents (IV)
Authors: Shao Zhifang , Liu Zhi , Yang Shuyu , Huang Jingzhong
Published: October 2021

As one of the five dimensions of social and emotional ability, open-mindedness is derived from the openness factor of the "Big Five Personality", which describes one’s willingness to try and accept novel experiences. People with a high level of open-mindedness are more creative and artistic, while those with low level of openness are more obedient to tradition and pragmatic, but lack of innovation. According to the OECD research framework, open-mindedness includes tolerance, curiosity and creativity. This study is based on data collected from 10-year-old and 15-year-old students in Suzhou city participating in the OECD social and emotional ability assessment. It uses descriptive statistics, difference testing and regression analysis to present the performance of Suzhou students’ open-mindedness. This allows the study to provide reference for the accurate assessment of teenagers' social and emotional abilities, in addition to further developing the quality of education in China. The study presents data results from the following three parts: the first part presents the overall score of open-mindedness, the correlation between open-mindedness and other sub-abilities, and the age difference of open-mindedness (comparison between 10 and 15 years old group), gender difference, urban-rural difference, and the difference between general high and vocational high; the second part presents the factors influencing open-mindedness through regression analysis, including background variables, individual factors, family upbringing, teacher factors, and school factors; the third part presents the effects of tolerance, curiosity and creativity on academic achievement (Chinese, math, art), educational expectation, global consciousness, closeness to family, closeness to others, health, life happiness, life satisfaction, test anxiety and other life outcome variables of 10 and 15 year old students through regression analysis.
relato europeo y el relato de la Transición. Comparativas y convergencias en ambas narrativas
Authors: Benayas Sánchez David
Published: October 2021

El relato siempre ha sido una parte importante de toda historia. Europa, como entidad política, ha desarrollado a lo largo del tiempo una robusta narrativa, a través de la cual ha intentado generar en los europeos un sentimiento de identidad y pertenencia. La narrativa nacional española, por su parte, desde 1975, ha buscado relacionar los valores de su naciente democracia con los del resto de Europa; producto de una serie de anhelos históricos. Hoy día, parece que esa narrativa está entrando en crisis de forma paralela al relato europeo y es, en estos momentos, cuando todo lo que nuestra historia pareció olvidar, comienza a salir a flote.
Laimo ligos klinikiniai sindromai ir epidemiologiniai rodikliai Lietuvoje
Authors:   , Petrulionienė Agnė
Published: October 2021

Clinical syndromes and epidemiological factors of Lyme disease in Lithuania
A review article on role of information and communication technology in agriculture and factors affecting its dissemination in Nepal
Authors: Bhusal Aastha , GC Sagar , Khatri Laxman
Published: October 2021

The information and communication technology (ICT) is vital for the farming communities to intensify agricultural development in Nepal. This review presents the research in ICT highlighting the role of ICT in the agriculture sector and various factors affecting the dissemination process. About 60.4% of the total population is dependent on agriculture in Nepal. However, due to lack of awareness and higher cost of technology, the smallholder’s farmers are deprived of receiving the reliable and recent information on agriculture resulting in reduction in crop production and productivity. In order to strengthen the existing extension system, it is important to minimize the cost of the technology transfer process and make people aware of the effective use of technologies. The knowledge on the new and innovative ideas need to be easily disseminated to the youth groups as they are using smart mobile phones and can easily receive the information. Furthermore, the review reveals that there is an urgent need to disseminate simple and compatible agricultural information to reduce the farming risk and maximize farm benefits
Impact of default rate of antiretroviral use on viral load among HIV/AIDS patients in Tamale and Sunyani
Authors: Abugri James
Published: October 2021

Background: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) for persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is the gold standard for the management of HIV patients. Purportedly, patients who are not on HAART or defaulted from its use have adverse effects compared to those who adhere to the intake of HAART. Compliant individuals have improved quality of life and show healthy hematological parameters and HIV load as compared to HAART naïve individuals and defaulters. Supplementary and supportive treatment is crucial in HIV/AIDS patients on patients on antiretroviral therapy? Objective: This study was conducted to assess the consistency and default of HAART intake and other supportive treatments and its relationship with viral load on hematological parameters in two different geographical sites. Methods: Ethical clearance was obtained from Navrongo Health Research Centre. Questionnaires were administered to participants for their consent, demographic data, consistency of taking antiretrovirals, and types of antiretrovirals used. Full blood count and HIV load tests were carried out using Urit 5250 and Cobas Taqman / Cobas ampliprep fully automated analysers respectively. Results: Defaulters had a significant (p value=0.003) rise in their viral load (845334.38±409285.62) copies/mL in comparison to adherents in HAART intake 49571.69±30548.89) copies/mL. The hemoglobin level (10.51±0.60 g/dL) of defaulters was significantly (p-value = 0.007) lower than that of adherent (12.04±0.17 g/dL). The default rates in the two study sites were close (9.8% in Sunyani and 9.4% in Tamale). Conclusion: Antiretroviral default does not only lead to an increase in HIV load but also causes a reduction in hemoglobin levels. Hematinics supplementation therapy may help normalize hematological parameters in HIV infection
EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL HYPOINSULINEMIA ON SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY AND PLASTICITY OF GLUTAMATERGIC NEUROTRANSMISSION IN CULTURE OF HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS
Authors:   O.O. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shypshyna M.S. , Kuznetsov K.I. ,   O.O. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Fedulova S.A. ,   O.O. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Veselovsky M.S. ,   O.O. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

We investigated the effect of chronic hypoinsulinemia on the level of synaptic activity and short-term plasticity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Hypoinsulinemia was induced by culturing mature (16-20 days in vitro) rat’s hippocampal neurons without insulin for 1, 2, and 4 days. The control insulin concentration was 100 nM. Spontaneous and evoked glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC and eEPSC, respectively) in these neurons were analyzed using the whole-cell patch-clamp method and the method of local electrical stimulation of individual axon. Hypoinsulinemia during the 1st, 2nd and 4th days led to significantly reduction of the mean sEPSC’s frequency to 49.9 ± 15.8% (n = 6), 8.5 ± 7.7% (n = 6) and 16.6 ± 5.2% (n = 8) respectively, relative to control. Also, there was a decrease of the average sEPSC’s amplitudes to 52.6 ± 5.5% (n = 6), 36.6 ± 5.8% (n = 6) and 43.9 ± 8.4% (n = 8), respectively, relative to control. Quantal analysis of the sEPSC’s amplitudes showed a decrease of multivesicular glutamate release at the synapses under such conditions. Hypoinsulinemia caused a shift in the direction of short-term plasticity in glutamatergic hippocampal synapses from potentiation to depression. The paired-pulse ratio decreased from 1.83 ± 0.25 in the control to 0.59 ± 0.07, 0.77 ± 0.07, and 0.80 ± 0.06 after the 1st, 2nd, and 4th days under cultivation without insulin. Accordingly, the ratio of the coefficients of variation of eEPSC’s amplitudes (CV2/ CV1) increased from 0.82 ± 0.07 to 1.30 ± 0.28, 1.52 ± 0.27, and 1.61 ± 0.24. The presented results indicate a significant reduction of synaptic activity and decrease in the probability of multivesicular release of glutamate at the synapses of cultured hippocampal neurons under hypoinsulinemia.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF MILITARY AND CIVILIAN PILOTS
Authors:   Ukrainian Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kravchuk V.V. , Pyshnov G.Yu. ,   Ukrainian Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pashkovsky S.M. ,   Ukrainian Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Yenа O.А. ,   Ukrainian Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of the psychophysiological functions of 363 military and 110 civilian pilots by comparative analysis of the results of evaluating their values and the structure of correlation relationships. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the well-known methods of variation statistics and correlation analysis. It was shown that among military pilots the best were indicators of neurodynamic functions, attention and reliability of task performance, and among civilians – orientation in space and short-term memory. In the group of military pilots, psychophysiological functions are fairly well correlated with each other and are closely related to most of the personified characteristics, forming 45,5 ± 6,1% of relationships of the maximum number. Among civilian pilots, there are fewer such relationships 24,2 ± 5,3%; there is no correlation between psychophysiological functions and personified characteristics. The regulation of possible negative shifts in psychophysiological functions and the reliability of mission performance in military pilots is carried out primarily as a result of the stabilizing effect of the balance of nervous processes and, to a lesser extent, the strength of nervous processes and orientation in space. Among civilian pilots, such regulation is fairly evenly distributed between the balance of nervous processes, attention, orientation in space, and short-term memory.
Corrective effects of benzodiazepine derivative – diazepinone on purine and lipid metabolism in the liver of rats with Parkinson’s disease
Authors:   nstitute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Shtanova l.Ya. ,   Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Yanchuk P.I. ,   nstitute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Vesеlsky S.P. ,   nstitute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Tsymbalyuk O.V. ,   nstitute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Vovkun T.V. ,   Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Moskvina V.S. ,   Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Shablykina O.V. ,   Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Kravchenko A.A. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences, Ukraine, Baban V.N. ,   nstitute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Khilya V.P. ,   Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The cause of PD is not fully understood, and effective treatments still do not exist. It is believed that oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired lipid metabolism may underlie the pathogenesis of PD. Bile contains the breakdown products of various compounds that form in hepatocytes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a new benzodiazepine derivative - diazepinone (DP) on purine and lipid metabolism in the liver of rats with PD caused by rotenone (ROT) by studying the composition of bile. The concentration of ATP, ADP, AMP, xanthine, hypoxanthine, phospholipids (PL), cholesterol (CHOL), cholesterol esters (ECHOL), free fatty acids (FFA), and triglycerides (TG) was quantified in bile samples by thin-layer chromatography. Our findings suggested that the ratio of AMP/ ATP in bile increased almost threefold under the influence of ROT, and with DP, it exceeded the norm by only 1.6 times. ROT also increased the content of xanthine and hypoxanthine by 28.6% and 66.7%, respectively. DP did not affect the increased xanthine content relative to control but significantly reduced the level of hypoxanthine (up to 22.2%, above normal). In addition, ROT reduced the content of bile PL, CHOL, ECHOL, TG by 23.9%, 38.6%, 47.5%, 39.2 %, respectively. Under the influence of the DP, all the above indicators returned to the level of control. Thus, diazepinone improves both the metabolism of purines and lipids in the liver of rats with ROT-simulated PD. This drug may become a therapeutic agent for treating PD and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
Mineralogy in Independent Ukraine (1991-2021)
Authors: PAVLYSHYN V.I.
Published: October 2021

This article discusses the state of mineralogical research in independent Ukraine in the period from 1991 to 2021. The main achievements in various Earth sciences disciplines, including regional, systematic and genetic mineralogy, the chemistry and physics of minerals, mineralogical crystallography, bio- and nanomeralogy, experimental, space and applied mineralogy, and technical studies are considered. Four world-famous research groups and disciplines are notable. They are: i) regional and mineralogical led by academician Yevhen Lazarenko, ii) thermobarogeochemical studies led by professor Mykola Yermakov, iii) crystal chemistry led by academician Oleksandr Povarennykh, and iv) mineral physics led by professors Ivan Matyash, Oleksiy Platonov, and Arkady Tarashchan. Problems facing mineralogy including personnel, scientific, and applied are briefly discussed in the "Conclusion" section.
Іонізація електронами молекул глютамінової кислоти та глютаміну
Authors: Zavilopulo A.M. , Demes S.S. , Remeta E.Yu. , Bulhakova A.I.
Published: October 2021

Проведено комплекснi (експериментальнi i теоретичнi) дослiдження виходу позитив-них iонiв молекул глютамiнової кислоти (Glu-Acid) i глютамiну (Gln) в газовiй фазi, утворених в результатi дисоцiативної iонiзацiї цих амiнокислот електронним ударом. Експеримент проводився на установцi з монопольним мас-спектрометром ти-пу MX-7304A в дiапазонi масових чисел 10–150 Da. Дослiджено мас-спектри молекул глютамiнової кислоти i глютамiну при рiзних температурах, динамiку виходу iонiв-фрагментiв в iнтервалi температур випаровування вихiдної речовини 310–430 К та детально проаналiзовано особливостi процесiв утворення iонiв-фрагментiв таких молекул електронним ударом. Проведено ab initio розрахунки потенцiалiв iонiзацiї глютамiнової кислоти i глютамiну в адiабатичному наближеннi та за енергiями зв’язку HOMO- i LUMO-орбiталей нейтральних молекул. Отримано сумарнi перерiзи одноелектронної iонiзацiї обох молекул електронним ударом в Binary-Encounter-Bethe моделi та за формулою Гризiнського. Показано, що розрахованi молекулярнi константи добре узгоджуються з отриманими експериментальними даними.
Explanatory Diagnoses Following Hospitalization for a Brief Resolved Unexplained Event
Authors: Bochner Risa , Tieder Joel S. , Sullivan Erin , Hall Matt , Stephans Allayne , Mittal Manoj K , Singh Nidhi , Delaney Atima , Harper Beth , Shastri Nirav , Hochreiter Daniela , Neuman Mark I. ,   BRIEF RESOLVED UNEXPLAINED EVENT RESEARCH AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT NETWORK
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Most young infants presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE) are hospitalized. We sought to determine the rate of explanatory diagnosis after hospitalization for a BRUE.

METHODS

This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of infants hospitalized with a BRUE after an ED visit between October 1, 2015, and September 30, 2018. We included infants without an explanatory diagnosis at admission. We determined the proportion of patients with an explanatory diagnosis at the time of hospital discharge and whether diagnostic testing, consultation, or observed events occurring during hospitalization were associated with identification of an explanatory diagnosis.

RESULTS

Among 980 infants hospitalized after an ED visit for a BRUE without an explanatory diagnosis at admission, 363 (37.0%) had an explanatory diagnosis identified during hospitalization. In 805 (82.1%) infants, diagnostic testing, specialty consultations, and observed events did not contribute to an explanatory diagnosis, and, in 175 (17.9%) infants, they contributed to the explanatory diagnosis (7.0%, 10.0%, and 7.0%, respectively). A total of 15 infants had a serious diagnosis (4.1% of explanatory diagnoses; 1.5% of all infants hospitalized with a BRUE), the most common being seizure and infantile spasms, occurring in 4 patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Most infants hospitalized with a BRUE did not receive an explanation during the hospitalization, and a majority of diagnoses were benign or self-limited conditions. More research is needed to identify which infants with a BRUE are most likely to benefit from hospitalization for determining the etiology of the event.
RESISTANCE IN COMMON BEAN TO UROMYCES APPENDICULATUS
UNDER FIELD AND GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS
Authors: Koleva M. , Kiryakov Iv.
Published: October 2021

Bean rust, caused by Uromyces appendiculatus, is a major disease in common bean which occurs annually in The Rhodope Mountains and sporadic in the plains of Bulgaria. The present study aims to find sources of resistance in common bean to the pathogen for using in a breeding program. The reaction of fifty-five Phaseolus vulgaris accessions to the pathogen was monitored under field condition. Infection type, disease intensity and area under the disease progress curve were calculated. Twelve common bean cultivars were inoculated with eight pathotypes of races 20-2, 20-16, and 20-18 in the greenhouse, and infection type was estimated. Twelve accessions had an immune reaction, eight accessions had resistant a reaction, two accessions had a middle resistant reaction, and seven accessions had a susceptible reaction to U. appendiculatus population in both field estimations. Five cultivars showed resistant phenotype to the eight pathotypes in the greenhouse, four of which were resistant in the field (Abritus, Beslet, Trakiya, and Prelom). Five cultivars had a susceptible or resistant reaction to the pathotypes of the same race, resulting from different interaction between resistant genes in the host and virulent genes in the pathogen. Nine accessions showed race-nonspecific resistance in the field expressed in low disease intensity and susceptible/resistant phenotype.
LOOP-MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION FOR DETECTION OF C. BURNETII IN BULGARIA
Authors: Kunchev M. , Belcheva V. , Grigorov E.
Published: October 2021

Q fever, which is caused by Coxiella burnetii, a small, pleomorphic intracellular bacterium, is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. The chronic form of the disease can lead to disability and death. Rapid diagnosis of Q fever is needed in order that effective treatment can be initiated. The conventional retrospective diagnosis of Q fever, based on serology, is useless for the treatment of afflicted patients. Thus, molecular methods have been created to close the diagnostic gap between the onset of the disease and the presence of specific antibodies in serum. A polymerase chain reaction is a suitable and reliable method with high sensitivity and specificity, but it requires expensive equipment and post-amplification protocol. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an isothermal technique, conducted at constant temperature that can amplify a negligible amount of DNA to more than 109 copies within one hour, using special primers and polymerase. We have tested the sensitivity and specificity of LAMP in the detection of C. burnetii. The mean positive rate of LAMP and polymerase chain reaction in patients was 100% and 74%, respectively. LAMP reacted negatively with non-C. burnetii pathogens and non-infected blood samples. We conclude that LAMP is a sensitive and specific technique for the detection of C. burnetii and has advantages over serological methods and PCR that make it attractive for diagnosing Q fever in countries around the world.
Impacto socio-económico, político y ambiental de los asentamientos humanos en la periferia de la ciudad
Authors: Paz-Montes Luisa Stella , Chacon Gloria Nury , Solano-Becerra Eduardo
Published: October 2021

La investigación proporciona los resultados del Impacto socioeconómico, político y ambiental de los asentamientos humanos en la periferia de la ciudad de Cúcuta. La investigación tuvo un enfoque mixto, porque se utilizó el método descriptivo y el estudio de campo, permitiendo obtener información primaria de los sujetos mediante encuestas estructuradas aplicadas en la localidad respectiva y consulta a fuentes secundarias. La población corresponde a las familias que están ubicadas en la periferia de la ciudad de Cúcuta, se utilizó el muestreo no probabilístico bajo la técnica de muestreo aleatorio, permitiendo seleccionar 200 familias que cumplen las características y condiciones del estudio.  Se evidenció una comunidad con características vulnerables generalizada por falencias de estructuración de vivienda y alto índice de asentamiento humando trayendo como consecuencia abandono o deficiente atención por parte del Estado, la ausencia total de servicios públicos como saneamiento básico, debido a las precarias condiciones en las que habitan la inmensa mayoría de los individuos que allí residen. La totalidad de los núcleos familiares están conformados por madres solteras cabezas de familia con uno o tres hijos, que se desempeñan como trabajadoras independientes, su nivel de educación es básico y le permite trabajar en empleos de oficios varios. El servicio de salud, es deficiente, no existe seguridad social integral. Por último, se constató que los miembros de las familias no cuentan con las condiciones habitacionales adecuadas, ya que la gran mayoría de estos poseen un solo cuarto donde realizan diversas actividades.
The role of antibiotics in the management of the polyol pathway: An In Vitro and In Silico approach Poliol yolunun antibiyotikler yoluyla kontrolü: Bir in vitro ve in siliko yaklaşım
Authors: KILINÇ Namık , BEYDEMİR Şükrü
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Increased activity of aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) are the major causes of diabetic complications. Thus, inhibition of these two enzymes is vital in preventing diabetic complications. As the synthesis of new and effective AR and SDH enzyme inhibitors is quite difficult, we have investigated the inhibition effects of antibiotics, which are already widely used in medicine, on AR and SDH enzymes. AR and SDH enzymes were purified from bovine kidney, in vitro effects of antibiotics on enzymes were determined, and molecular docking simulations were carried out to understand inhibition mechanisms. The antibiotics ampicillin and amikacin inhibited both AR and SDH enzymes at very low concentrations. The best inhibitors for AR were found to be ceftriaxone, tylosin, and metronidazole with IC50 values of 28.75 µM, 49.28 µM and 58.42 µM, respectively. The best inhibitors for SDH were seen to be amikacin, ampicillin, and ceftazidime with IC50 values of 2.4 mM, 2.62 mM, and 3.76 mM, respectively. The results of inhibition and docking studies showed that antibiotics are highly effective on these enzymes. The results obtained can be used as a reference for synthesizing better inhibitors in future studies.

Öz

Aldoz redüktaz (AR) ve sorbitol dehidrogenazın (SDH) artan aktivitesi, diyabetik komplikasyonların başlıca nedenleridir. Bu nedenle, bu iki enzimin inhibisyonu, diyabetik komplikasyonların önlenmesinde hayati önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmamızda, yeni ve etkili AR ve SDH enzim inhibitörlerinin sentezi oldukça zor olduğundan, halihazırda tıpta yaygın olarak kullanılan antibiyotiklerin AR ve SDH enzimleri üzerindeki inhibisyon etkileri araştırılmıştır. AR ve SDH enzimleri sığır böbreğinden saflaştırılmış, antibiyotiklerin enzimler üzerindeki in vitro etkileri belirlenmiş ve inhibisyon mekanizmalarının aydınlatılması amacıyla moleküler docking simülasyonları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ampisilin ve amikasin antibiyotikleri hem AR hem de SDH enzimlerini çok düşük konsantrasyonlarda inhibe etmiştir. AR için en iyi inhibitörlerin sırasıyla 28.75 µM, 49.28 µM ve 58.42 µM IC50 değerleri ile seftriakson, tylosin ve metronidazol antibiyotikleri olduğu bulunmuştur. En iyi SDH inhibitörlerinin sırasıyla 2,4 mM, 2,62 mM ve 3,76 mM IC50 değerleri ile amikasin, ampisilin ve seftazidim olduğu görülmüştür. İnhibisyon ve docking çalışmalarının sonuçları, antibiyotiklerin bu enzimler üzerinde oldukça etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, gelecekteki çalışmalarda daha iyi inhibitörlerin sentezlenmesi için referans olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Analysis of Microbial Diversity in Various Forest Communities by Biolog Ecoplate Method: Yenice Hot Spot
Authors: TÜRKİŞ Sevda , CANDAN Esra Deniz
Published: October 2021

The present study identifies the hot spot of Yenice and aims to determine the tree diversity in the Fagus-Abies, Fagus and Quercus-Fagus forests, to define the microbial community in these forests by the Biolog-Ecoplate method and to reveal the physiological profile differences at the community level between forests. Accordingly, soil samples were taken from these predefined forests and the microbial community in different forests communities was analyzed using the Biolog EcoPlate method. In addition, cover-proportion values of the tree species were determined according to Braun-Blanquet method. As a results, the diversity in microbial communities has been determined as Fagus-Abies (3.0033 ± 0.006), Fagus (1.2267 ± 0.006) and Quercus-Fagus (1.1267 ± 0.012), from highest to lowest, respectively. On the other hand, the fact that the diversity of carbon sources in the Fagus forest was quite high and the use of phosphate carbon is seen only in this type of forest is quite significant. In the present study, the Biolog Ecoplate method was applied for the first time to determine the microbial community among forest communities. The results obtained from the present study clearly show the practicability and effectiveness of this method in forest communities. Meanwhile, determination of the microbial community will contribute to the development of new strategies for establishing ecosystem protection practices.
Idea of the Supranational Identity in Österreichischer Plutarch by Joseph von Hormayr
Authors:   Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Ragozin German S.
Published: October 2021

This paper considers an attempt at forming imperial identity in Austria in the early nineteenth century by means of constructing historical memory. The re-interpretation of the past for the sake of promoting dynastic patriotism can be most clearly seen in Joseph Hormayr’s Österreichischer Plutarch, a work which was aimed at creating an “All-Austrian Pantheon” and contributed a lot to mobilising the peoples of the empire to fight against Napoleon. Цsterreichischer Plutarch and its role in forming the historical memory and supranational identity of the Habsburg Empire between 1804 and 1815 have not been studied closely in Russian historiography. The author of the paper attempts to analyse the concept of Austrian history as a multinational state provided in the work. Besides, he assesses the influence of the work on the political discourse of the Habsburg monarchy paying close attention to the formation of identity by means of historical memory, and the methods for multinational state image integration into historical context. The analysis helps establish that Hormayr’s narrative became a means of constructing the supranational identity in the Habsburg monarchy, and the basis for the formation of conservatism and romanticism in Austria. Österreichischer Plutarch became a turning point for common historical memory touching upon the identity of all peoples living in the Habsburg monarchy. The concept found its place in conservative propaganda and education in the Empire. The image of Austria as a “family of peoples” found in the work is presented as historically motivated, having its own logic and the purpose to counter external threats. These results retained the same meaning even after Hormayr changed his political views.
Level of Repression in Altai Regions between 1935 and 1937: An Attempt at Using Statistical and GIS Methods
Authors:   Project “Open List” of Political Terror Victims in the USSR, Mishina Ekaterina M. ,   Charity Foundation “Give a Hand”
Published: October 2021

This article focuses on the analysis of the impact of socio-economic development indicators of Altai region and Oyrot autonomous region on the eve of the Great Purge (1935 — first half of 1937) on the regional intensity of repression. Employing statistical methods (regression analysis), the author verifies the hypothesis that in the areas with the highest level of well-being of the population, the level of repression was also higher. It is established that the turnover and expenditures per capita compared with other economic indicators had the greatest influence on repression levels in Altai and Oyrotia regions. Based on the results of the analysis of regional statistics, the author of the article puts forward a theory that the thesis proclaimed by the Bolsheviks to justify the failure of economic development by the actions of the “enemies” in practice seems untenable, since economically lagging regions were characterised by a relatively low level of repression. In the second part of the article, the author presents a typology of districts of Altai and Oyrotia regions based on the results of cluster analysis of various groups of socio-economic development indicators. Additionally, she substantiates the hypothesis about the influence of the spatial factor on the intensity of repression: the groups of regions of each individual cluster consist mainly of adjacent regions.