bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Teaching Materials for Single Variable Linear Equations and Inequality with Realistic Mathematical Approaches for Class VII Students
Authors: Afni Nur
Published: August 2022

This study aims to develop teaching materials for univariate linear equations and inequalities with a realistic mathematical approach for junior high school students to assess the effectiveness of the developed teaching materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of developing teaching materials in the form of LKPD using a realistic mathematical approach to Class VII SMP students. The material was developed using a 4D development model consisting of definition, design, development and dissemination, and transformed into 3D consisting of definition, design, and development. It is declared valid based on the results of the verification of the teaching material evaluation questionnaire by the validator
Profile of Online Information Service Program Implementation at SMPN in Padang Pariaman District
Authors: Mardhiyani Sufni , Solina Wira , Chandra Yasrial
Published: August 2022

This research is motivated by the obstacles of BK teachers in providing questionnaires to analyze the needs of students through WhatsAPP Group, students who do not respond and are indifferent in the implementation of the information services provided and the obstacles of BK teachers in determining information service materials to be provided through WhatsAPP Group . The purpose of this study is to describe 1). Planning, 2). Implementation, 3). Evaluation, 4). Result analysis 5). Follow-up in the implementation of online guidance and counseling teacher information services. This research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method. The research population was 49 BK teachers who were selected by purposive sampling technique as many as 30 BK teachers samples. The instrument used is a questionnaire. Meanwhile, for data analysis using descriptive statistics with percentage techniques. The results of research on the implementation of online information service programs at SMPNs throughout Padang Pariaman Regency are seen from 1). Planning is in the effective category, 2). Implementation is in the effective category, 3). Evaluation is in the effective category, 4). The analysis of the results is in the effective category, 5). Follow-up is in the effective category. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended for BK teachers to further improve the implementation of online information services in order to get even better results.
Efforts to Improve Students' Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability by Applying Guided Discovery Method in Class VII SMP PAB 2 Helvetia T.A. 2021/2022
Authors: Andra Delvi
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) How the teacher's efforts to improve students' mathematical problem-solving skills by applying the guided discovery method, (2) How to increase the mathematical problem-solving abilities of students in class VII SMP PAB 2 Helvetia T.A. 2021/2022 after the guided discovery method is applied. This type of research is classroom action research. The subjects in this study were seventh grade students of SMP PAB 2 Helvetia T.A. 2021/2022, 1 class from 6 existing classes, namely class VII-6, totaling 15 students. The object of this research is the student's problem-solving ability on the set material by applying the guided discovery method. The research instruments used were tests, observations and documentation. The study consisted of 2 cycles, each consisting of 2 meetings. The increase in problem solving ability can be seen from the level of students' ability to solve problems, namely in the initial problem solving ability test with an average value of 35 (very low), in the first cycle problem solving ability test with an average value of 55.5 (very low), and on the problem-solving ability test in Cycle II with an average score of 80.6 (high). In addition, the ability of researchers to manage lessons has increased from Cycle I to Cycle II, namely from the total initial activities, core activities, and closing in Cycle I of 61.8 and in Cycle II of 86.5 and N-Gain obtained is 0, 5. It can be concluded, that the application of the guided discovery method can improve the mathematical problem solving ability of class VII students of SMP PAB 2 Helvetia because the problem solving ability of students has reached the minimum target of problem solving ability, which is 85% of students who take the test reach a mastery level of at least 70 (TKPM). currently).
The Effect of Question Answer and Relationships (QAR) Strategy Toward the Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension of Narrative Text
Authors: Wulan Sari Ambar , Winona Emelia Tengku
Published: August 2022

The objective of the study was to find out the effect of Question Answer and Relationship (QAR) strategy toward the students’ achievement in reading comprehension of narrative text. The study applied the pre-experimental research and used cluster random sampling. The population of this study was 64 students of 2020/2021year in FKIP UMSU. They were from separated classes, each class consisted of 32 students so the sample was taken of 32 students. Since this study used pre-experimental, the sample only used one class where 32 students taught by using  Question Answer and Relationship (QAR) strategy as the sample of the data. The data was required by conducting essay test that consisted of 10 items. The result showed that t-observe was 1,84 higher than t-table 1,69; while the level of significance was 0,05. Based on the result of the analysis, the alternative hypothesis was accepted since it proved that Question Answer and Relationship (QAR) strategy significantly effects toward the students’ achievement in reading comprehension of narrative text. The percentage of influence on the students’ achievement in reading comprehension of narrative text by Question Answer and Relationship (QAR) strategy was about 98% and 2 % by the other factors
The application of the tribal law tada hera by the village government in the village of Habi district Kangae
Authors: Avia Aurelia , Natsir Rodja Abdul , Aswin Danar
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to find out how the implementation of tada hera customary law by the village government and to find out how the effectiveness of the implementation of tada hera customary law by the village government. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research using primary data sources. Primary data sources obtained from interviews are village heads, BPD, traditional institutions, community leaders. and secondary is data that does not directly provide data for data collection, in the form of documentation and photographs and then presented in the form of descriptive analysis where the data generated from primary and secondary data sources are described and provide an appropriate picture of the reality in the field to then produce conclusions. The results of the study prove that first, the role of the village government in the process of implementing the settlement of violations of customary law in the village of Habi related to tada hera, namely bridges and peace judges between the two parties who are having problems. In solving the problem, the village government must be neutral and not take sides with any party. Second, the implementation of customary law by the village government is always guided by the Village Regulation No. 02 of 2005, it is actually implemented and obeyed by the community
The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence with Students' Learning Independence at SMA PGRI 3 Padang
Authors: Eka Putri Diana
Published: August 2022

The aims of this research are to described 1) Overview of emotional intelligence, 2) Overview of learning independence, 3) The correlation between this emotional intelligence and learners' learning independence. The type of research is descriptive research. The population in this study was all students of class X, XI, XII which amounted to 69 students. Sampling using Total Sampling techniques. Data was analysis by using the score percentage formula and Person’s Product Moment Correlation. The results of this study are 1) The emotional intelligence of learners is in the high categori’s , 2) The learning independence of learners is in the high categoryi’s, 3) The was correlation between of emotional intelligence with the learning learners of independence is the strong coefficient correlation and as well as  in the indicator.Based on the find of this study, it is recommended to theconselor to of this student improve emotional intelligence and learning independence
The Implementation of Presentation Practice Production (PPP) Technique to Improve Students’ Speaking Skill by Using Picture Card as a Media
Authors: Artha Dewi Juni
Published: August 2022

The objective of this research was to find out the process of implementation of Presentation Practice Production to improve students’ speaking skill. The study was conducted by using two cycles, where each cycle consists of three meetings and each meeting include four steps, namely: Planning, Implementing, Observing, and Reflecting. The qualitative datas were taken from the result of the test that had been given to the students. The test that was given still relevant to the topic that was taught and discussed in the classroom in every cycle. There were two cycles that were considered of four meetings in this research and the test was given in the last of each cycle. The Quantitative data was taken test that gave to the students in the last of each cycle. The result indicated that there was an increasing on the students speaking skill by using presentation, practice, and production (PPP) technique. The mean of the first cycle were 66 it was good enough. The mean of second cycle were 79 it indicated that the scores and the mean in second cycle were better than the first cycle. The percentage of students who got point ? 70 also grew up. In the pre-test, the students who got point ? 70 up were only 2 students (10%). In the post- test of cycle (I) students who got point ? 70 up were 11 students (55%) it means that there were an increasing about 45%. The post-test of cycle (II), students who got point 70 to up there were 20 students (100%) and the increasing were about 45%. For the total increasing of the students’ score from pre-test to post-test of cycle two (II) were100%. In other words, the students’speaking skill improved and became well in the first meeting to the next meeting
IMPACT OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN ON ROTATIONAL POSTINGS OF DENTAL HOUSE SURGEONS IN TELANGANA STATE - A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Akula Sheetal  , Peddi Partha Saradhi Reddy  , Mocherla Monica  , Koppula Yadav Rao  , Prathibha B  , Vaggala Bhavyatha
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: The lockdown resulted in cancellation of dental house surgeon’s clinical rotations and  posed a unique challenge to education. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of Covid-19 lockdown  on rotational postings of dental house surgeons.
METHODS: A validated questionnaire with five domains  was prepared using Google forms was shared as online link among the dental house surgeons of seven dental colleges of Telangana who were posted during first phase of Covid-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistical analysis, Chi square test and Kruskal wallis test were done to draw the frequencies and to know the impact  due to lockdown.
RESULTS: A total of 384 participants responded to the questionnaire of which 70.8% were  females. Nearly 56.7% of the dental house surgeons felt that the Covid-19 lockdown had negatively impacted  their clinical training and academics. Atleast 58.5% of the respondents felt that online classes and webinars  were useful during the lockdown period.
CONCLUSION: The Covid-19 outbreak compromised the clinical  training affecting hands-on experience and causing a significant disruption of dental house surgeons training and curriculum.
DETERMINANTS OF DENTAL ANXIETY AMONG PATIENTS VISITING A DENTAL INSTITUTE IN HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Alisha Dogra  , Aditi Bhardwaj  , Akshita Abrol  , Abhishek Sharma  , Aayushi Sharma  , Anjali  , Sumeet Bhatt  , Isha Sharma
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Dental anxiety is a known barrier in accessing dental health care and an established factor related to poor oral health. This paper reports on prevalence of dental anxiety and associated factors among patients visiting a dental institute in Himachal Pradesh, India.
METHODS: The study was conducted on 200 patients who visited Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib (HP) for dental treatment. Data on dental anxiety were collected using a self-completed questionnaire and were measured by the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 at significance level of 0.05.
RESULTS: The mean MDAS score was 9.3±4.0 and the prevalence of dental anxiety was found to be 37%. Dental anxiety was found to be higher among females (P<0.001), participants of lower age (P<0.001), and those who had never visited the dentist before (P=0.028). Dentally anxious individuals were also found to have less number of filled teeth compared to those without dental anxiety (P=0.020).
CONCLUSION: Dental anxiety was found to be significantly associated with age, gender, and dental visiting pattern.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CENTION N AND TYPE IX GLASS IONOMER CEMENT – AN INVITRO STUDY
Authors: Dinesh Karthik V  , Rahmath Meeral P
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the compressive strength of glass-ionomer cement (GIC) Type IX and Cention N.
METHODS: Five samples each of GIC Type IX and Cention N were prepared for testing the compressive strength. Cylinders of the samples measuring 1 cm diameter and 6 mm height were prepared for compressive strength. Testing was done by mounting the samples in a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min.
RESULTS: The mean compressive strength of Type IX GIC (n=10) was 94.010 with standard deviation ±15.654 while the mean compressive strength of Cention V (n=10) was 125.567 with standard deviation ± 7.890. The values of the compressive strength Cention N were statistically significant (P < 0.5) as compared to GIC Type IX.
CONCLUSION: The results suggest significantly higher values for mechanical properties of Cention N as compared to GIC Type IX.
Rugae Patterns in Dentulous and Edentulous Models - A Comparative Study
Authors: J Priyadharsini  , S Shamala  , K Dhivya  , B Adhithya  , S. Kokila
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION: Palatal rugae are asymmetrical irregular elevations of dense connective tissues located on the anterior third of the palate extending on either side of the mid palatine raphae, behind the incisive papilla. Palatal rugoscopy is defined as the study of palatal rugae patterns. The uniqueness of the palatal rugae suggests their important role in personal identification and they are well protected by the lips, buccal pad of fat and teeth. They are considered to be stable throughout life even after the completion of growth and hence are suggested for use in forensics.AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyse rugae patterns in dentulous and edentulous models of both genders.METHODOLOGY: The study group consisted of 100 study models of which 50 were dentulous and 50 were edentulous. Thomas and Kotze classification was followed based on form and position to assess the edentulous and dentulous rugae pattern.RESULTS: The present study concludes that there are variations in rugae pattern between the dentulous and edentulous models. However, the most predominant patterns were straight, wavy, and circular.
Semiotic Approach Towards Analyzing TV Advertisements: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Mahmood Hafsa , Arif Sidra , Tariq Rimsha , Yazdani Naveed Yazdani , Kazmi Shiza
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurpose - This research aims to uncover the ideologies and ethical perspectives behind electronic advertisements shown in Pakistan. The study examines the role of media adverts with an emphasis on stereotypic gender representation and spread of distorted information in shaping the minds of consumers through symbolic images and visual content. Design/methodology/approach - The current study is based on Peirce’s Semiotic Theory in 1860s, which analyzes the signs and visuals in mainstream television advertisements and unravel the social or cultural contexts underlying advertising discourse. Grounded in the theoretical framework of critical interpretation of electronic media, advertisements were interpreted using Semiotics and visuals features. The data for this study consists of three selected commercial broadcasts chosen randomly from all commercials aired on Pakistan’s most viewed TV channels (ARY, PTV, Geo, and Express). Lastly, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) has been used to critically examine TV advertisements to explore that how advertisers construct ideologies about gender stereotypes through signs, icons, and symbols. Findings – The findings revealed that electronic advertisements mostly represent gender roles stereotyping and promote unethical values against Islamic ideologies in Pakistan. Through the lens of Critical Discourse, it was found that advertisement’s content and symbols create meanings and convey the message with false narratives to consumers violating the ethical code of advertisements under the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) Pakistan. Originality/ value - The media revolution unfolds severe issues like women's objectification, ultra-modern culture, and misrepresentation of Islamic values. To date, many researchers have investigated the influence of advertisements on consumers in Western countries, but the Critical Semiotic Analysis of TV advertisements in complying with Islamic ideologies is never studied in Pakistan’s context. Practical Implications - The outcomes of this study will help advertising firms, Policymakers, and PEMRA by providing them with deep insights and knowledge about the perception of consumers and helping them to take strict measures to avoid anti-Islamic content that creates harm to Islamic values and civilization.
Contribution of Islamic Debt Financing in Entrepreneurship Promoting Financial Sector Transformation
Authors: Sohail Hadia , Arshed Noman
Published: August 2022

Empirically conventional financial development theories provided mixed results in motivating entrepreneurship. The risk transferring and fixed returns based lending may harm the new venture if the borrower is not financial literate. In comparison, Islamic finance provides a juristic, participative, and equitable alternative for new ventures, which empirically shows growth promoting effects. This study explores the holistic curvilinear effect of financial development on entrepreneurship while allowing the moderating role of rising Islamic debt financing in the economy. This study selected the unbalanced panel data of all Islamic banks of 16 countries and used panel quantile regression to estimate the quadratic financial development effects and moderation of the Islamic debt financing. The results showed that Islamic debt financing provides entrepreneurship support coverage in countries where the financial sector is not fully developed. Central Banks and Islamic advisory councils can follow the outcomes to integrate increasing Islamic financing in the national financial development policy in developing a facilitative environment for new businesses.
MEMBRANE STABILIZING EFFECT AND ANTI-SICKLING POTENTIALS OF Trametes hirsuta (HAIRY BRACKET MUSHROOM) EXTRACT ON HUMAN HbS ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: OHIRI REGINALD CHIBUEZE , OHANADOR ROBINSON AMARACHUKWU
Published: August 2022

The role of fungi based nutraceuticals in the treatment and management of Sickle cell has been under exploited and thus necessitates for more research. This research, studies the potential of decoction extract of Trametes hirsuta mushroom in lysis reduction and stabilization of erythrocyte membrane integrity. Freshly harvested, washed and air-dried T. Hirsuta was ground and 1.5 dm3 of distilled water was added to 1.5 kg of the ground mushroom. The filtrate obtained after boiling for 30 min. and cooling for 2 hrs was dried using an autodesicator to give decoction extract. Volumes of 5.0 mg/mL, 10.0 mg/mL and 15.0 mg/mL of the extract were obtained via serial dilutions, while HbS erythrocytes were obtained by centrifuging 5.0 mL of HbS-blood mixed in 5.0 mL of 0.9 % physiological saline. HbS erythrocytes treated with 15 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL had the highest and the lowest lysis at 50% mark. Lowest median corpuscular fragility was observed in erythrocytes suspended in 10.0 mg/mL of extract, while negative percentage stability were observed in erythrocytes suspended in 10.0 mg/mL and 5.0 mg/mL of extract. The control had the highest hemoglobin polymerization, while morphological stability was highest (89.40 + 4.61 %) after 5 min. of culturing in 10.0 mg/mL of extract. The ability of  this mushroom extract to stabilize erythrocyte membrane integrity and reduce the progression of lysis shows that this mushroom can be exploited as a possible nutraceutical means in both the management and treatment of sickle cell anemia and its associated crises.
AN UPDATED REVIEW IN CORRELATING FAT MASS OBESITY ASSOCIATED GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN CONDITIONS
Authors: BABU R. REHANA , TILTON FLORIDA , NAIR ANEESH , VIJAYALAKSHMI K. , BABU P. B. RAMESH
Published: August 2022

Women with Polycystic ovarian condition (PCOS) are reported to have obesity, which essentially influences the disorder's associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders.  PCOS is a problem of endocrine abnormality in women between the ages of 14-44. In this paper we review on recent methods in genotyping of fat mass obesity (FTO) associated gene single nucleotide polymorphism and its relationship with PCOS. Literature survey indicated that in diagnosis of PCOS, blood tests were normally used in gene polymorphism investigations and DNA tests were used for genotyping examination. The quick detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification is one of the commonest tests for identifying single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for FTO traits which is being routinely used to understand the frequency of SNP polymorphism in a given set of population in various countries and in ethnic groups. Worldwide, extensive investigations were carried out to analyze the genotypes of FTO traits and its association in understanding the etiology of PCOS. Such literature surveys are beneficial in developing simple PCOS diagnostic                         methods and finding new approaches in therapeutic interventions.  In this review paper, we highlight the genetic basis and importance of testing the FTO parameter in understanding the pathogenesis and the management of PCOS.
EVALUATION OF ANTI QUOROM SENSING ACTIVITIES USING Emblica officinalis ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST MARINE MICROBES
Authors: NANDI BRISHTI , VIJAYALAKSHMI K. , CHRISTOPHY ATHMAJA V. , HARSHAVARDHINI G. , BABU P. B. RAMESH
Published: August 2022

Biofilm formation in pathogenic bacteria displays a major role in various human infectious diseases posing a major health problem in several countries. Biofilms contain colony of bacteria which are 1,000 folds more resistant to antibiotics and also they develop more insensitivity to innate and acquired immune responses. Quorum sensing (QS) is characterized well due to the interaction of bacterial cells, which is a dependent mechanism and acts its stimulus response related to population density. In the present study we tested the antiquorum sensing activity with leaf extracts of commonly used dietary supplement Emblica Officinalis      (Amla) against marine microbes. In our method, we cultured Klebsilla, Proteus, E.coli, Shigella, Salmonella typhi from marine water source for quorum sensing activities and inhibitory effects through antimicrobial activities. Marine bacteria were isolated, identified based on physical and biochemical characterization. In our results we investigated the inhibitory effects of amla against pathogenic bacteria using swarming method. Further highest inhibitory bacterial isolates were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We conclude that amla exhibits potential inhibitory effects in biofilms formation from samples obtained from marine waters and further studies are needed in QS gene expression in more number of marine microbial samples.
Opinion Article: The Positive Aspects of the Covid-19 Pandemic for the International Medical Graduate
Authors: Satnarine Travis
Published: August 2022

For the world over, the COVID-19 pandemic came as a shock, causing everyday life to be drastically changed. For International Medical Graduates (IMGs) who were considering pursuing their medical residency in the United States (US), the sudden closures of international borders, restrictions of flights, and closures of Prometric centers left them unable to take the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). Two years into the pandemic, it is important to now focus on what positive aspects have been obtained from a negative situation.
Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Pulmonary Ischemia
Authors: Raskin Adam , Verma Anil , Ansah Kofi
Published: August 2022

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a restrictive pulmonary vascular compromise with devastating complications depending on size and location. Massive and sub-massive classifications reflect hemodynamic compromise and cardiac dysfunction due to right ventricular strain, respectively. In addition to cardiac dysfunction, pulmonary ischemia and infarction play a key clinical factor. Mainstay management is with anticoagulation to prevent further clot propagation. Recent technological advances have revolutionized treatment modalities. Mechanical thrombectomy, catheter-based clot retrieval, is an effective way to eliminate emboli, restore cardiopulmonary function, and prevent ischemic injury. One such device, the FlowTriever System, has emerged as a way interventionalists can proceed with embolectomy and provide high level, life-saving care for acutely decompensated patients.
Capsicum: Breeding Prospects and Perspectives for Higher Productivity
Authors: Selvakumar Raman , Chandregowda Manjunathagowda Dalasanuru , Kumar Singh Praveen
Published: August 2022

Chipotle peppers were grown in America before being carried to Europe by Columbus. Capsicum breeding began with choosing wild species for desired characteristics, with additional development based on precision selection. To improve capsicum yields, traditional methods such as mass selection, pedigree, single-seed descent, backcrossing, and hybridization are being used. Capsicum has a high level of genetic diversity due to multiple new gene rearrangements. Capsicum fruits are high in nutrients that are beneficial to human health. As a result, the world market for and consumption of capsicum has lately grown. Capsicum breeding programmes aim to improve yield, biotic, abiotic resistance, and nutritional quality. Recent breakthroughs in capsicum breeding have included introgression, mutation breeding, polyploidy, haploidy, embryo rescue, and the use of genetic markers. Molecular technology has grown into an important tool that, when coupled with classic selection and hybridization procedures, has the potential to result in great success in an established capsicum genetic breeding programme.
New Acquisitions Regarding Structure and Function of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier
Authors: Rossi Giacomo
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate the role of the intestinal barrier in keeping separate, but also communicating, the “world above” represented by the resident microbial flora (microbiota) and the “world below” (the immune system associated with the gastrointestinal tract or GALT). Description will be given for how it is possible that the intestinal microbiota, in the course of dysbiosis, can alter the junctional complex that unites the enterocytes, and how the probiotic bacteria (and their metabolites) to restore a homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. The fundamental role of enterocyte mitochondria will be highlighted, where being archaic methylotrophic bacteria have retained the ability to “interpret” the bacterial signals (eubiotic or dysbiotic) derived from the intestinal lumen. In this perspective, everything starts from an altered mitochondrial functioning, deriving from a condition of dysbiosis, which alters the tightness of the TJs, opening up to bacterial translocation and bacterial products. Probiotics and their metabolites act by restoring mitochondrial activity and function and the enteric barrier functionality. The author will exemplify this “story” with in vitro and in vivo tests, deriving from original studies on different animal models (mouse, dog, and cat) including humans (patients with IBD and with HIV-related enteropathy).
Atrioventricular Septal Defects
Authors: Donthula Rakesh , Rudra Animisha , Syamasundar Rao P.
Published: August 2022

Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) are a group of malformations involving the atrioventricular (AV) septum and common AV junction. They are divided into complete, partial, intermediate and transitional AVSD. It is most commonly associated with Down Syndrome. All of them share a few common features. Complete AVSDs are also classified as balanced and unbalanced. Echocardiography is the primary imaging tool to diagnose these defects. Patients with complete and intermediate forms clinically present early and require surgical correction during infancy, whereas partial, and transitional forms become symptomatic in early childhood. Patients who are ineligible for complete surgical repair initially undergo palliative pulmonary artery banding. The surgical management of unbalanced AVSDs is complex. Most of these patients fall into either single ventricle, one and a half or bi-ventricular repair. Overall surgical outcomes for AVSDs are excellent. Left atrioventricular valve regurgitation is the most common reason for reoperation.
Neurobiological Perspective and Personalized Treatment in Schizophrenia
Authors: Tarhan Nevzat , Dilbaz Nesrin , Shukurov Bahruz , Ergul Ceylan , Ulak Guner , Ozdemir Yesim , Tekin Erguzel Turker , Seyfe Sen Firdevs
Published: August 2022

Personalized treatment is the focus of researchers and comes into prominence for both genetic sciences and neurotechnology. Recently, clinical practice tries to follow the idea and principles of personalized medicine. Besides predicting an individual’s sensibility or predisposition for developing schizophrenia, pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic approaches attempt to define and acknowledge important indicators of clinical response to antipsychotics namely their efficacy and adverse effects. Particularly in the treatment of schizophrenia, clinicians are very helpless in resistant cases, and clinical pharmacogenomics contributes in a revolutionary way. With both phenotyping, namely Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) and genotyping, “big expectations” emerged both with the right drug, the right dose, and the right time. Both pharmacokinetic genotyping, CYP400 enzyme activity, and pharmacodynamic genotyping could be measured. The chapter handles schizophrenia with neurobiological views and covers personalized treatment approaches from various perspectives. Personalized treatment in the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia is presented first. Following comorbid schizophrenia in addition to the use of various substances, psychopharmacology of schizophrenia and the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs are presented. Genetics and epigenetics in schizophrenia are studied in detail and in silico application and computational approaches covering the feature extraction process and destructive impact of the metaverse are shared lastly.
Discussion of Purchasing Virtual Digital Nature and Tourism
Authors: Oe Hiroko , Yamaoka Yasuyuki
Published: August 2022

This chapter discusses the potential and prospects of consumers purchasing virtual digital nature and smart tourism. During the lockdown period, people experienced a trend toward increased subjective well-being as a result of their familiarity with the digital nature. In order to academically validate these experiences, this study examines how interaction with nature in the digital environment stimulates new consumer behavior in post-pandemic life. The study will apply structural equation modeling (SEM) to 300 data collected through a questionnaire to develop the discussion, with a particular focus on the mediating effects of digital forest bathing. The results show that digital forest bath ing has a mediating effect in stimulating people’s environmentally oriented behavior, and that the more active they are in digital space and interact with others, the more consumers enjoy interacting with nature in cyberspace and, in turn, the more willing they are to commune with digital nature through smart tourism. This can be expected to provide an effective reference for marketing strategies that contribute to the promotion of smart tourism in the age of symbiosis with COVID.
Applied Problems in the Rheology of Structured Non-Newtonian Oils
Authors: Isfandiyar Kelbaliyev Gudret , Rauf Rasulov Sakit , Babir Tagiyev Dilgam
Published: August 2022

The rheology problems of non-Newtonian oil, accompanied by the physical phenomena of formation and destruction of coagulation structures and aggregates, significantly affecting the flow are considered and analyzed. Also are considered issues of hydrodynamic interaction of particles leading to the formation of disordered structures, which significantly change the rheological properties of non-Newtonian oil. It has been noted that the formation of coagulation structures depends on energy dissipation, viscosity, stress or shear rate, and the size of the particles forming the structure. With increasing asphalt-resin content in the oil, the probability of particle collision increases, increasing the rate of formation of various disordered structures up to a framework that nullifies the rate of oil flow. Applied problems of rheology, including dissolution kinetics of asphalt-resinous substances in aromatic hydrocarbons and improving rheological properties of the oil, rheology of structured non-Newtonian oils in gas lift method of production, as well as possible ways to create new technologies for processing non-Newtonian oils were considered.
Pediatric Brain on Cannabinoids: Adverse Effects of Cannabinoid Products in Children and Adolescents
Authors: B. Chase Peter
Published: August 2022

Cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids) are most often used during adolescence and given the changing norms, enhanced potency, reduced societal perceptions of risk and multitude forms of products for consumption, clinicians need to be become more cognizant of cannabinoid products and their effects. The aim of this narrative review is to briefly discuss acute toxicities and a few chronic toxicities associated with cannabinoids that clinicians are likely to treat. In addition, cannabinoid toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics as it pertains to the clinical effects will be discussed as well as the route of exposure and the clinical implications for therapeutics. Although the neurodevelopmental effects of naturally occurring endocannabinoids will be briefly mentioned, it is beyond the scope of this review to discuss in detail. Regardless, clinicians, parents and patients should be aware of the potential implications that exogenous cannabinoids (cannabis) may have in altering the normative trajectory of brain maturation in pediatric patients.
Perspective Chapter: Early Management of Dental Trauma in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Bariah Chi Adam Khairul , Hassan Haszelini , Kumar Subramaniam Pram , Nabilah Ismail Izzati , Adilah Harun Nor , Shaban Mustafa Naziyah
Published: August 2022

Traumatic dental injuries are emergencies that must be treated promptly and properly to reduce the suffering, costs, and time for patients and parents. However, since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, most dental care facilities in the affected countries have been completely closed or have been only providing emergency treatment. This can partly be a result of the lack of universal protocol or guidelines regulating the dental care provision during such a pandemic, especially in the management of dental trauma. This lack of guidelines has the potential to both promote the spread of nosocomial COVID-19 through oral health care facilities and deny people in need of immediate treatment. Moreover, ceasing dental care provision during such a period will incense the burden on hospitals’ emergency departments that are already struggling with the pandemic. Therefore, this chapter elaborates on the importance of early management of dental trauma by sharing local guidelines and experience with a proposed algorithm for the early management of dental trauma during the emergence of COVID-19.
Revisional Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Alqahtani Awadh , Almayouf Mohammad
Published: August 2022

Metabolic surgery is considered a valuable tool in treating obesity compared to the non-surgical approach. Its effectiveness is evident in the form of weight loss, eliminating obesity-related comorbidities, and improving quality of life. Hence, the rate of metabolic surgery conducted worldwide has risen dramatically, parallel to the increasing rates of obesity. Unfortunately, there are drawbacks to metabolic surgeries. Weight regain/insufficient weight loss is feared by the patient and bariatric surgeon and can occur with nonadherence to a healthy lifestyle and dietary habits. Long-term complications related to metabolic surgery are possible following any metabolic surgery (e.g., chronic reflux, malnutrition, and fistula). Revisional surgery is the most effective approach to combat these drawbacks, and therefore a bariatric surgeon should be familiar with it. This chapter will discuss the indication of revisional surgery, the preoperative workup, the surgical techniques, and the outcome of revisional surgery. The chapter will focus on the most commonly performed metabolic surgery, that is, laparoscopic adjustable gastric band, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and laparoscopic one anastomosis gastric bypass. By the end of this chapter, the reader will be able to: (1) Define metabolic surgery failure and indications of the revision. (2) Be able to approach the patient preoperatively and formulate a plan. (3) Be knowledgeable about the main operative steps. (4) Be aware of the predicted outcome of revisional surgery.
A Brief Look at the Calderón and Hilbert Operators
Authors: J. Flores Guillermo
Published: August 2022

The Calderón operator is the sum of the Hardy averaging operator and its adjoint, and plays an important role in the theory of real interpolation. On the other hand, the Hilbert operator arises from the continuous version of Hilbert’s inequality. Both operators appear in different contexts and have numerous applications within harmonic analysis. In this chapter we will briefly review the Calderón and Hilbert operators, showing some of the most relevant results within functional analysis and finally we will present recent results on these operators within Fourier analysis.
Glycan and Glycosylation as a Target for Treatment of Glioblastoma
Authors: Silsirivanit Atit
Published: August 2022

Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification regulating many cellular processes. In cancer, aberrant glycosylation leads to the expression of tumor-associated glycans that are possibly used as therapeutic targets or biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring, and prognostic prediction. The cumulative evidence suggested the significance of alteration of glycosylation in glioblastoma (GBM). Aberrant glycosylation presents truncated or uncommon glycans on glycoproteins, glycolipids, and other glycoconjugates. These aberrant glycans consequently promote the tumor development, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The glycosylation changes occurred in either cancer cells or the tumor microenvironment. GBM-associated glycans and their corresponding enzymes are proposed to be a target for GBM treatment. Several tools, such as lectin and inhibitors, are possibly applied to target the tumor-associated glycans and glycosylation for the treatment of GBM. This chapter provides information insight into glycosylation changes and their roles in the development and progression of GBM. The perspectives on targeting glycans and glycosylation for the treatment of GBM are enclosed.
A Promising Challenge in the Link between Melatonin and Breast Cancer: Exploring the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis
Authors: González-González Alicia , Laborda-Illanes Aurora , Boutriq Soukaina , Sánchez-Alcoholado Lidia , Castellano-Castillo Daniel , Plaza-Andrades Isaac , Peralta-Linero Jesús , Isabel Queipo-Ortuño María
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, we describe the possible link between gut microbiota, melatonin, and breast cancer disease. It is widely described that changes in melatonin production due to circadian disruption is one of the causes of breast cancer. In addition, recently it is described that dysbiosis caused by changes in the gut microbiota composition could be as well constitute an important factor to induce breast cancer. The dysbiosis process, in turn, induces the stimulation of kynurenine pathway, leading to reduced circulating melatonin levels. Therefore, in this chapter we deep into the relationship between circadian disruption, dysbiosis, and breast cancer disease. This constitutes an important step in the therapeutic approach and prevention of this pathology.
A Revisit of the Underlying Fundamentals in the Laser Emission from BODIPYs
Authors: Peñafiel Alaitz , Oliden-Sánchez Ainhoa , Avellanal-Zaballa Edurne , Gartzia-Rivero Leire , Sola-Llano Rebeca , Bañuelos-Prieto Jorge
Published: August 2022

This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the laser performance of commercially available laser dyes based on the boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophore in a liquid state, as well as to remark the main underlying photophysical signatures triggering such photonic behavior. First, we describe their light absorption and fluorescence properties in solution. This spectroscopic study is supplemented with quantum mechanics calculations and electrochemical measurements. Afterward, the dyes are tested as active media of tunable lasers under transversal pumping. The recorded laser efficiencies and photostabilities are correlated with the registered photophysical properties identifying the main structural guidelines and photonic parameters, which rule the laser bands’ position, intensity, and stability. As a result, we provide a comparative dataset of the laser performance, not available hitherto. Besides, the unraveling of the complex molecular structure-photophysics-laser relationship should help in the rational design of new tunable dye lasers with an improved photonic response along the entire visible region and reaching eventually the near infrared.
Perspective Chapter: Neuropsychology of Aggression in Psychopathy and Sociopathy – Insights for the Treatment and Study of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Authors: P. Pierce Zachary
Published: August 2022

Misunderstanding, stigmatization, and fascination abound in western culture concerning the concepts of psychopathy and sociopathy. These concepts are often used interchangeably—and erroneously—to describe violent or aggressive behavior in humans. These concepts tend also to be hurled as insults at individuals assumed to exhibit a lack empathy, impulsive decision making, and violent behavior. Psychopathy and sociopathy, however, are two concepts that describe different etiologies of the same mental health condition: antisocial personality disorder. This chapter bifurcates between the neurobiological origins of psychopathy and sociopathy, contributing to the destigmatization of a broadly misunderstood mental health condition. This chapter also explores recent findings from functional magnetic resonance imagery studies that analyze neurophysiological activity germane to psychopathy and sociopathy. Using these terms, students, clinicians, and researchers have access to a language that outlines correlations in neural substrate activity between genetic antisocial personality disorder (psychopathy) and epigenetic antisocial personality disorder (sociopathy). These terms might also serve to enhance treatment outcomes, as they implicate discrete neural substrates that have the potential to be treated using psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions.
Using School Mathematics to Develop Students’ Data Literacy Skills
Authors: Jones Joshua David
Published: August 2022

To be literate in a society where the information shared online is often exploited, learners should be exposed to multiple aspects of contemporary predictive modeling. Explore a lesson in which students learned an algorithm used in practice to automate the process of making recommendations.
Maximizing the Potential of Mathematical Writing Prompts
Authors: Casa Tutita M. , Gilson Cindy M. , Bruce-Davis Micah N. , Gubbins E. Jean , Hayden Stacy M. , Canavan Elizabeth J.
Published: August 2022

Learn how to identify, adapt, and create writing prompts to capitalize on the insights you gain about each of your student’s thinking.
La realidad aumentada y su efecto en la habilidad espacial de estudiantes de ingeniería mecánica
Authors: Yarin Achachagua Yasser Hipolito , Gamarra Chinchay Hugo Eliseo
Published: August 2022

This research work focused on the development of a learning experience based on the use of augmented reality with the aim of improving spatial ability, within the training framework of the future mechanical engineer. Two groups were formed, where the first group, the experimental group, participated in a mechanical drawing workshop where content was displayed in augmented reality, while, in the second group, the control group developed the same topics in a traditional way. A test was used to measure the spatial ability of the participants before and after the application of the workshop. The results obtained in the study allowed us to conclude that the mechanical drawing workshop based on the use of augmented reality significantly influences the spatial ability of mechanical engineering students, because the statistical analysis allows us to identify a significant difference between the groups formed, according to results obtained by means of the Mann Whitney U test.

Este trabajo de investigación se enfocó en el desarrollo de una experiencia de aprendizaje basado en el uso de la realidad aumentada con el objetico de mejorar la habilidad espacial, dentro del marco de formación del futuro ingeniero mecánico. Se conformaron dos grupos, donde el primer grupo, el grupo experimental participo de un taller de dibujo mecánico donde se visualizó contenido en realidad aumentada, mientras que, el según grupo, el grupo control desarrollo los mismos temas de manera tradicional. Se utilizo una prueba para medir la habilidad espacial en los participantes antes y después de la aplicación del taller. Los resultados obtenidos en el estudio permitieron concluir que el taller de dibujo mecánico basado en el uso de la realidad aumentada influye significativamente en la habilidad espacial de los estudiantes de ingeniería mecánica, debido a que el análisis estadístico permite identificar una diferencia significativa entre los grupos conformados, de acuerdo con resultados obtenidos por medio de la prueba U de Mann Whitney.