bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managing Coins for Depository Institutions in Coin Supply Chains for Improved Circulation
Authors: Huang Yiwei , Zhu Yunxia , Majumdar Mayukh , Shetty Bala , Sriskandarajah Chelliah
Published: February 2024

We study the U.S. Coin Supply Chain from both the demand and supply side perspectives to improve coin circulation in the economy. More specifically, we provide an operating policy for Depository Institutions (DIs) to improve their efficiency in packaging, distributing, coordinating, and managing the inventory of coins. We further propose a new policy (via a Rewards Program) to increase coin circulation in the economy and optimally determine a reward price, which, if implemented by the Federal Reserve System (FRS), can incentivize DIs to process the coins themselves and/or frequently deposit excess coins at the FRS. We identify the structures of DIs’ best response to the reward price and FRS’s optimal pricing policy. The results and insights developed in this study can be beneficial to both the FRS and DIs in increasing the efficiency of the nation’s coin circulation and thereby reducing their operating costs. Additionally, to estimate the societal benefit from the Rewards Program, we formulate the coin flow for an entire FRS region as an optimization problem from the supply side perspective and quantify the societal costs (and benefits) with and without the reward. We show via numerical experiments that both the FRS and Dis reduce their operating costs as a result of the program and produce a surplus benefit for the society. The reward price that maximizes this surplus is determined optimally. We also propose a robust optimization framework to help DIs and the FRS to manage their inventory under uncertain demand while attaining their cost reduction goals.
Medical Students’ Perception of Pathology in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hanbazazh Mehenaz , Khashab Raneem M. , Ameen Nada K. , Alghamdi Maysaa A. , Aldawsari Lama S. , Altoukhi Samar M. , Samargandy Saad , Zakariyah Abeer
Published: February 2024

Pathology is the bridge between basic science and clinical practice. An inadequate perception of pathology leads to an incomplete understanding of diseases, which consequently affects its management. This study aims to identify medical students’ perceptions of pathology in medical colleges around Saudi Arabia and use their feedback to improve teaching strategies. A validated online self-structured questionnaire form was distributed to medical students in basic and clinical years, including private and governmental universities in all regions of Saudi Arabia. The study comprised a total of 476 medical students. It revealed that n = 226 (48%) of the participants were not aware of pathologists’ roles, and n = 262 (55%) of students reported that the main reason was insufficient exposure to actual pathology practice. A total of n = 209 (44%) students believed the current teaching methods in the basic years were insufficient to provide clear perceptions of pathology. The majority of participants n = 366 (77%) chose practical sessions as the most effective strategy in teaching pathology. Our study demonstrated that medical students require more engagement in laboratories to improve their perception. We suggest that Saudi medical schools need to deliver more comprehensive and practical teaching methods that reflect the actual practice of pathology.
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis Analysis of Lung Carcinoma With p40/TTF1 Coexpression and Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma: Lung Carcinoma With p40/TTF1 Coexpression Is a Rare Tumor With High Metastatic Potential
Authors: Gao Rui , Zhang Xi , Chen Xiaoyan , Chen Xin , Jin Long , Zheng Huawei , Yu Xunbin
Published: February 2024

Background. Lung carcinoma with p40/TTF1 coexpression (LC-PTC) is a very rare tumor with poor prognosis, and few cases have been reported to date. Objectives. To better understand biological behavior and prognosis of LC-PTC. Methods. We collected 9 examples of LC-PTC and compared them with 36 lung adenosquamous carcinomas during the same period in clinicopathologic characteristics, biologic behaviour, and prognosis. Results. Lung carcinoma with p40/TTF1 coexpression mainly occurred in middle-aged and elderly men; 8 tumors belonged to the peripheral type, and 1 belonged to the central type. The rates of lymph node and distant metastasis were 88% (7/8) and 50% (4/8), respectively; 2 patients died during follow-up. Histologically, the LC-PTC showed nest-like growth pattern without glandular growth pattern; the surface of 2 tumors was covered with ciliated columnar epithelium and tumor cells grew under the columnar epithelium. In all patients, tumor cells diffusely coexpressed p40 and TTF1. Although there was no significant difference in the maximum diameter of tumor with lymph node metastasis or with distant metastasis between LC-PTC and lung adenosquamous carcinoma, LC-PTC had a higher rate of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. There was no significant difference in overall survival of patients between LC-PTC and lung adenosquamous carcinoma. Additional histologic evaluation of normal pulmonary structures revealed that p40/TTF1 coexpression cells existed in bronchial mucosa and the number of cells coexpressing p40/TTF1 increased gradually from proximal bronchus to distal bronchus. Conclusions. Lung carcinoma with p40/TTF1 coexpression is a rare tumor with high metastatic potential and may originate from p40/TTF1 coexpression cells in distal bronchial mucosa.
Rail surface spot irregularity effects in vehicle-track interaction simulations of train-track-bridge interaction
Authors: Naseri Reza , Mohammadzadeh Saeed , Rizos Dimitrios C.
Published: February 2024

The presence of rail surface damage leads to increased vibrations on railway bridges as wheels cross the localized irregularities. These short wavelength irregularities appear frequently on the top of rail in railway tracks and, along with the increased axle loading, fatigue failure accelerates, and ultimately, serviceability decreases. Compromised bridge safety and reliability is countered by an increase in inspections as bridge structures continue to age and deteriorate. In recent years, the effects of rail surface spot irregularities on the condition of railway bridges have attracted the attention of the industry and the research community. This study has two objectives. Firstly, it introduces the methodology, algorithms, and models for Vehicle Track Interaction (VTI) simulations developed to study the effects of Rail Surface Spot Irregularities (RSSI) on system response. The proposed VTI simulator solves the wheel-rail interaction problem in a Staggered Time Marching (STM) form. Long- and short-wave surface irregularities are accounted for. A multi-point wheel-rail contact algorithm is developed and implemented for properly capturing the wheel contact points in view of the relative size of the wheel and the rail surface irregularities. The proposed method is verified analytically. Subsequently, this paper investigates and quantifies the effects of the shape and location of RSSI on the vibrations of the bridge structure and the train for different train speeds. It is shown that RSSI affects wheel-rail interactions forces significantly and the induced vibrations substantially stimulate bridge velocity and acceleration. The effects are more pronounced for specific RSSI locations and train speeds.
A two-dimensional four-node quadrilateral inverse element for shape sensing and structural health monitoring
Authors: Li Mingyang , Oterkus Erkan , Oterkus Selda
Published: February 2024

The inverse finite element method (iFEM) is a powerful tool for shape sensing and structural health monitoring and has several advantages with respect to some other existing approaches. In this study, a two-dimensional four-node quadrilateral inverse finite element formulation is presented. The element is suitable for thin structures under in-plane loading conditions. To validate the accuracy and demonstrate the capability of the inverse element, four different numerical cases are considered for different loading and boundary conditions. iFEM analysis results are compared with regular finite element analysis results as the reference solution, and very good agreement is observed between the two solutions demonstrating the capability of iFEM approach.
Sense of Place and Sustainable Development: The Case of a Tibetan Luxury Enterprise
Authors: Yu Haitao
Published: February 2024

This study investigates how sense of place guides organizational sustainable development practices. Despite global phenomena, sustainable development challenges such as poverty and climate change are locally experienced and require local actions. Sense of place, which focuses on local phenomena, offers rich potential to understand organizations and sustainable development practices. This article presents an in-depth case study of Norlha Textiles, an enterprise implementing sustainable development practices in a nomadic village on the Tibetan Plateau. I apply an ethnographic approach to data collection through 3 months of fieldwork. I identified two forms of sense of place: emotional attachment and functional dependence, which can be disembodied from or embodied in the biophysical place. Then, I theorized organizational sustainable development practices in three pathways: maintaining, developing, and transforming place. This study advances organization studies on sense of place and sustainable development.
Effects of Brief Parent Coaching on the Communication Skills of Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Limited Verbal Ability
Authors: Hamodat Teba , Flanagan Helen , Chitty Dorothy , Smith Isabel M.
Published: February 2024

The publicly funded early intervention program for preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Nova Scotia, Canada, uses the pivotal response treatment (PRT) model. Parents are coached in use of PRT strategies during their children’s first week of treatment. We explored whether parents of older preschoolers with limited verbal ability learned to implement PRT strategies with fidelity after brief coaching and whether PRT strategy use was associated with gains in children’s communication skills. We coded precoaching and postcoaching parent–child play episodes of 39 children (4.4–5.5 years) with limited verbal skills for parents’ PRT fidelity and children’s correct responding to language opportunities and frequency of initiations. Parents’ use of PRT strategies significantly improved, as did children’s responsiveness to parent-provided language opportunities. This study provides evidence for the utility of brief parent coaching in PRT for older preschoolers with ASD whose verbal skills are limited.
Metagenomic Analysis of Bacterial Microflora in Dental and Atherosclerotic Plaques of Patients With Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Sato Ayako , Arai Shintaro , Sumi Kenji , Fukamachi Haruka , Miyake Satoko , Ozawa Manami , Myers Mie , Maruoka Yasubumi , Shimizu Katsuyoshi , Mizutani Tohru , Kuwata Hirotaka
Published: February 2024

Background:

Internal carotid artery stenosis is primarily attributed to atherosclerosis in the carotid artery bifurcation. Previous studies have detected oral bacteria in atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting an association between oral bacteria and atherosclerosis. In this study, we compared the bacterial flora of the atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid artery and dental plaque of patients with internal carotid artery stenosis using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) metagenomic sequencing.

Methods:

Fifty-four patients who underwent internal carotid endarterectomy for internal carotid artery stenosis at the Showa University Hospital between April 2016 and February 2018 were included. Polymerase chain reaction targeting the 16S rRNA gene detected bacterial DNA in the carotid plaques of 11 cases, of which only 5 could be further analyzed. Thereafter, DNA extracted from the carotid and oral plaques of these 5 cases were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing targeting 16S rRNA. In addition, their general condition and oral conditions were evaluated. The patients were classified into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups based on the presence or absence of symptoms of transient ischemic attack, and their bacterial flora was evaluated.

Results:

The results demonstrated that the microflora of carotid plaques (n = 5) contained bacterial species from 55 families and 78 genera. In addition, 86.5% of the bacteria detected in the carotid plaques were also detected in oral plaques. Cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria accounted for 27.7% and 4.7% of the bacteria in the carotid plaques, respectively.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that oral bacteria are directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. More extensive studies of oral commensal bacteria detected in extra-oral lesions are warranted to comprehensively investigate the role of oral bacteria in the pathogenesis of systemic diseases.
The State of Artificial Intelligence in Skin Cancer Publications
Authors: Joly-Chevrier Maxine , Nguyen Anne Xuan-Lan , Liang Laurence , Lesko-Krleza Michael , Lefrançois Philippe
Published: February 2024

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI) in skin cancer is a promising research field to assist physicians and to provide support to patients remotely. Physicians’ awareness to new developments in AI research is important to define the best practices and scope of integrating AI-enabled technologies within a clinical setting.

Objectives:

To analyze the characteristics and trends of AI skin cancer publications from dermatology journals.

Methods:

AI skin cancer publications were retrieved in June 2022 from the Web of Science. Publications were screened by title, abstract, and keywords to assess eligibility. Publications were fully reviewed. Publications were divided between nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), melanoma, and skin cancer studies. The primary measured outcome was the number of citations. The secondary measured outcomes were articles’ general characteristics and features related to AI.

Results:

A total of 168 articles were included: 25 on NMSC, 77 on melanoma, and 66 on skin cancer. The most common types of skin cancers were melanoma (134, 79.8%), basal cell carcinoma (61, 36.3%), and squamous cell carcinoma (45, 26.9%). All articles were published between 2000 and 2022, with 49 (29.2%) of them being published in 2021. Original studies that developed or assessed an algorithm predominantly used supervised learning (66, 97.0%) and deep neural networks (42, 67.7%). The most used imaging modalities were standard dermoscopy (76, 45.2%) and clinical images (39, 23.2%).

Conclusions:

Most publications focused on developing or assessing screening technologies with mainly deep neural network algorithms. This indicates the eminent need for dermatologists to label or annotate images used by novel AI systems.
The politics of tech responsibility: Understanding companies’ responsibility as representative claims
Authors: Obendiek Anke Sophia
Published: February 2024

This article explores responsibility claims by private tech companies. While the business literature has extensively discussed the notion of corporate social responsibility, it does not fully grasp the political significance of responsibility claims. This article proposes a novel conceptual understanding of responsibility by drawing on the concept of representative claims. It argues that by claiming responsibility for an issue or a community, companies are claiming to act on behalf of someone or some purpose—while avoiding democratic oversight. Thereby, responsibility claims not only provide reputational benefits but help companies legitimize and demarcate their political role. Empirically, it uses a representative claims analysis to compare responsibility claims of three companies—Meta, Microsoft, and the NSO Group. Companies either embrace, reorient, or refuse responsibility but frequently define the criteria to measure it. This article thus contributes to our understanding of the political significance of responsibility and tech business power.
Acoustical, vibrational, and thermal investigations of pyrolytic carbon black reinforced natural rubber composites
Authors: Sunali  , Mago Jonty , Negi Ashutosh , Pant Kamal Kishore , Fatima Shahab
Published: February 2024

The present study aims to utilize the carbonaceous filler (pyrolytic carbon black (PCB)) obtained from tire waste to fabricate composites for thermal, vibrational, and acoustical applications. Four composites were fabricated by increasing the PCB content (0, 10, 20, and 30 parts per hundred rubber (phr)) in the natural rubber (NR) matrix following ASTM D3182-21a standard. The optimum curing time was determined using a Moving Die Rheometer based on the ASTM D2084-19 standard. The physical, functional, microstructural, wettability, thermal, and mechanical properties of fabricated NR/PCB composites were comprehensively examined. Further, from an application standpoint, the study influence of increasing PCB content in a polymer matrix on thermal conductivity (TC), vibration damping, and sound transmission loss (STL) of the fabricated NR/PCB composites was investigated following ASTM E1530-19, ASTM E756-05, and ASTM E2611-17 standards, respectively. The study results indicate significant enhancement in the properties of the composites with increased PCB content. Specifically, the reinforcement of 30 phr of PCB in the polymer matrix led to a notable increase in TC (at 40 °C) by approximately 21.16% compared to NR/PCB0 composite. Also, the configuration mild steel (MS)  +  NR/PCB30 achieved the highest damping ratio, measuring 6.56 at the third vibration mode. Moreover, the average STL value of the NR/PCB30 composite showed a notable improvement of approximately 17.19% when compared to the NR/PCB0 composite, underscoring the effectiveness of PCB in enhancing the desired properties of the NR-based composites.
Fifty years of the British / Journal of Orthodontics
Authors: Benson Philip E
Published: February 2024

Background:

It is 50 years since publication of the first volume of the British Journal of Orthodontics ( BJO). Now known as the Journal of Orthodontics ( JO), the official journal of the British Orthodontic Society strives to published high quality, evidence-based research.

Aim:

To compare the content of articles published by the BJO in 1973–1974 with those in the JO in 2022–2023 to identify any changes over 50 years.

Methods:

BJO volume 1 issues 1–5 and JO volume 49 issues 2–4 and volume 50 issues 1–2 were hand-searched and full articles obtained. Some articles were excluded. The included reports were assessed using objective criteria (see Supplemental materials ).

Results:

Similar proportions of articles reporting the results of studies collecting data directly from participants of orthodontic interest were published ( BJO: n = 12, 26%; JO: n = 15, 23%); however, there was an increase in the proportion of articles reporting studies that collected data from a non-orthodontic patient sample ( BJO: n = 5, 11%; JO: n = 15, 23%). There was also an increase in the reporting of prospective data collection ( BJO: n = 1; 6%; JO: n = 23, 79%), but much of this research was cross-sectional ( BJO: n = 8, 50%; JO: n = 20, 69%), using convenience sampling ( BJO: n = 13, 81%; JO: n = 23, 79% of articles reporting the results of data collected from human participants). Most research was non-experimental ( BJO: n = 16, 100%; JO: n = 26, 90%).

Conclusions:

Some similarities in the types of reports published were found, as well as some encouraging differences. Decreasing retrospective data reports and increasing prospective data reports is welcome, but many are still non-experimental and cross-sectional. There is a need to publish more longitudinal, experimental clinical data to enhance knowledge and understanding of the effects of orthodontic treatment.
Prevalence and factors influencing bullying among Egyptian schoolchildren
Authors: Sweidan Ayman T , El-Beialy Amr R , El-Mangoury Nagwa H , Mostafa Yehya A , Dehis Heba M
Published: February 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the prevalence of bullying among schoolchildren and to study the correlation between bullying and a specific type of malocclusion, self-esteem, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), the need for orthodontic treatment and socioeconomic status.

Design:

A cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Low, middle and high socioeconomic group schools in the same educational district in Cairo, Egypt.

Participants:

A total of 324 Egyptian schoolchildren aged 11–14 years.

Methods:

Validated questionnaires were used to assess self-reported bullying frequency and intensity, self-esteem and OHRQoL. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used to assess the orthodontic treatment need and the participants’ occlusion was classified according to the British Standard Incisors (BSI) classification.

Results:

Bullying was found to be prevalent in 61.7% of the sample. Regression analysis revealed that participants with a Class II division 1 incisor relationship had the highest odds ratio (OR) for predicting bullying (OR = 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38–2.15). Being bullied was significantly associated with lower self-esteem (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.13–0.78), worse OHRQoL (OR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.95–3.15) and a high need for orthodontic treatment, as determined by the IOTN Dental Health Component score (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.05–1.95) and IOTN Aesthetic Component score (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.12–1.88). Moreover, participants in high and middle socioeconomic groups had a lower OR for predicting bullying than those in the low socioeconomic group (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.13–0.54).

Conclusion:

The bullying prevalence among Egyptian schoolchildren aged 11–14 years was very high. The prevalence of bullying was higher in schoolchildren with higher orthodontic treatment need and Class II division 1 incisor relationship. Bullying was correlated to poor self-esteem as well as poor OHRQoL. In addition, low socioeconomic status was found to be a potential predictor for bullying.
Reflections on co-production: Developing a dementia research funding application with a diverse lived experience group
Authors: Griffiths Sarah , Robertson Martin , Kaviraj Chandrika , Davies Firoza , McDevitt Marie , Richards Al , Russell Marcelline
Published: February 2024

Introduction and Background to Study: Published work on dementia research co-production focuses on developing health and social care interventions. Less is written about practicalities and experiences of co-producing dementia research funding applications. UK public contributors are typically from white middle class populations. Widening involvement is essential for co-produced research that meaningfully addresses health inequalities. We provide an example of a diverse lived experience group co-producing a dementia research funding application. An NIHR Dementia Career Development award funded PPIE work to develop a broad research idea. A culturally diverse lived experience group consisted of one person living with dementia, four carers and one former carer. Virtual group sessions drew on each person’s unique experiences and expertise. Two co-leads collaborated closely with the researcher. Methods: We reflected on our experiences of diversity and inclusion within the group, based on a coproduced set of questions to guide reflection. Written records of reflections were captured and refined by the group. Results: We structured reflections into three overarching categories: Diversity and inclusion, Benefits to group members and Challenges. The group felt empowered, heard, and like equals in the process. Members valued diversity and mutual learning within the group. Involvement of co-leads was seen as democratic and inclusive. Some members felt Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) discussions were challenging. Discussion and Conclusions: We share valuable lessons learned in the process, including suggestions for facilitating EDI discussions, building in funding for time and travel to support relationship building, and ensuring PPIE remuneration processes are accessible and streamlined.
An empirical study of counterfactual visualization to support visual causal inference
Authors: Wang Arran Zeyu , Borland David , Gotz David
Published: February 2024

Counterfactuals – expressing what might have been true under different circumstances – have been widely applied in statistics and machine learning to help understand causal relationships. More recently, counterfactuals have begun to emerge as a technique being applied within visualization research. However, it remains unclear to what extent counterfactuals can aid with visual data communication. In this paper, we primarily focus on assessing the quality of users’ understanding of data when provided with counterfactual visualizations. We propose a preliminary model of causality comprehension by connecting theories from causal inference and visual data communication. Leveraging this model, we conducted an empirical study to explore how counterfactuals can improve users’ understanding of data in static visualizations. Our results indicate that visualizing counterfactuals had a positive impact on participants’ interpretations of causal relations within datasets. These results motivate a discussion of how to more effectively incorporate counterfactuals into data visualizations.
How many Kirulapana Canals are there in Colombo? Reading everyday imageries and imaginations using southern theory
Authors: Palat Narayanan Nipesh , Cornea Natasha
Published: February 2024

Urban imaginations, imageries and conceptualizations are always plural and illustrate the formation of knowledge hegemonies. In this article, we engage with the problematic of reading infrastructures with a southern theory lens. We explore multiple imaginations, imageries and conceptualizations of the Kirulapana Canal in Colombo via everyday practices. Analysing the geographical imaginations of the state officials and residents, we illustrate (i) how varied imageries draws from the same hegemonic register, and (ii) how this process reinforces and correspondingly in-turn constructs hegemonic imageries. Using these illustrations, this article will broaden the southern theory discussions via analysing the everyday formation of the metropolis (concentration of knowledge and power) and knowledge hegemony.
Adolescents’ Experiences of Cyber-Dating Abuse and the Pattern of Abuse Through Technology, A Scoping Review
Authors: Afrouz Rojan , Vassos Sevi
Published: February 2024

While the proliferation of online social platforms has become a significant part of virtual interactions between intimate partners, digital technology has also created the conditions for increased control and abuse, which is known as “cyber-dating abuse,” a technology-facilitated form of intimate partner violence. This paper reports a scoping review of qualitative studies to explore the patterns, nature, and consequences of cyber-dating abuse among young people and how digital technology influences dating abuse. Several databases were searched to find relevant papers, including EBSCOhost, Scopus, SocINDEX, ProQuest, Taylor and Francis Online, PubMed, and Google Scholar. All peer-reviewed papers that used qualitative and mixed methods exploring cyber-dating abuse since 2010 were scanned, and 23 papers were included in this scoping review. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. Findings showed that online platforms and digital technology have potentially exacerbated the monitoring, control, and surveillance of young women, often by young men. This scoping review also found a mixed report of gender-based victimization in relation to cyber-dating abuse; however, girls were more likely to face severe and negative consequences compared to boys. Gender-based societal norms and associated behavioral and social factors may increase the risk of cyber-dating abuse among young women. The scoping review reinforces the importance and value of preventative and early identification strategies in young people’s school-based education, with a sharp focus on violence and abuse in the online space, respectful relationships, and informed consent in intimate relationships.
Building Inclusive Dispositions Within Interdisciplinary Training for Teachers of the Deaf and Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Wainscott Sarah D.
Published: February 2024

Effective services for students who are deaf or hard of hearing depend on uniquely skilled professionals who coordinate their support. University programs have developed interdisciplinary models, training different types of professionals together to equip them for work settings that are increasingly inclusive and collaborative. These training programs address standards-based knowledge and skills from various disciplines, but may not be as deliberate in addressing the professional dispositions that are foundational to collaborative practice. Particularly when belief systems intersect topics of language use and identity, dispositions can be challenging to teach and are often applied differently across professions. This article provides a narrative description of an interdisciplinary training program that equips teachers of the deaf and speech-language pathologists. Using a “self-reflective cycle” representative of participatory-action research, it considers both missteps and successes within a continuous improvement process, and the integration of interdisciplinary dispositions as a foundational component of training. A framework of “What to Teach,” Why to Teach It,” and “How to Teach It” is provided that can be embedded or adapted for similar interdisciplinary training programs. The identified dispositions are informed by research-based best practices and center on inclusivity.
Across Time and Place: A Focused Review of Telepractice in ASHA Journals
Authors: Peterson Amy K.
Published: February 2024

With advances in technology and the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (2020–2023), telepractice has become a prominent service delivery model. This study explores the evolution of telepractice service delivery research published by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and the impact of the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency on ASHA publications through searches of the ASHAWire database using “telepractice OR telehealth OR virtual OR teletherapy” in February 2021, 2022, 2023 and April 2023. In February 2023, 1,683 records were identified and hand searched for relevance to the evolution of telepractice. In April 2023, 471 records published from 2020 to 2023 were systematically screened for relevance to reveal 148 articles that met inclusion criteria. ASHAWire is a reputable resource for articles on telepractice service delivery, especially after the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency. It is important, however, for researchers and clinicians to carefully examine methodology of studies as the use of technology may conflate search results.
Access to the General Education Curriculum for Students with Extensive Support Needs: Experts’ Perspectives
Authors: Gee Kathy , Ryndak Diane L. , Fisher Mary , Walker Virginia L.
Published: February 2024

Despite the repeated documentation of the positive outcomes for students with extensive support needs (ESN) when they are included in general education settings and receive access to state-adopted general education standards, there has been little systemic progress on the inclusion of students with ESN across most states. The purpose of this exploratory survey was to find out how experts in the field of ESN describe the reasons why access to general education curriculum is important, the legal requirements for access to the general education curriculum, the meaning of access and the processes by which education teams can provide access, the ability to address individualized needs within the general education setting, and the barriers and facilitators of access. The findings from our thematic analysis of experts’ responses demonstrated strong agreement that “access to the general education curriculum” meant access to state-adopted general education standards; access to general education settings; and access to curriculum, teachers, and instruction that facilitate meaningful inclusion. In addition, themes related to why access is important generated thoughtful reflections on Individual Education Program (IEP) priorities for students with ESN. Barriers and facilitators are also described, as well as a discussion including suggestions for systemic changes.
Clinical Implications of Various Electroencephalographic Patterns in Post-Stroke Seizures. The Utility of Routine Electroencephalogram
Authors: Shariff Erum , Nazish Saima , Zafar Azra , Shahid Rizwana , AlKhaldi Norah A. , Alkhaldi Modhi Saad A. , AlJaafari Danah , Soltan Nehad M. , AlShurem Mohammed , Albakr Aishah Ibrahim , AlSulaiman Feras , Alabdali Majed
Published: February 2024

Objective: Post-stroke seizures (PSS) are one of the major stroke-related complications. Early therapeutic interventions are critical therefore using electroencephalography (EEG) as a predictive tool for future recurrence may be helpful. We aimed to assess frequencies of different EEG patterns in patients with PSS and their association with seizure recurrence and functional outcomes. Methods: All patients admitted with PSS were included and underwent interictal EEG recording during their admission and monitored for seizure recurrence for 24 months. Results: PSS was reported in 106 patients. Generalized slow wave activity (GSWA) was the most frequent EEG pattern observed (n  =  62, 58.5%), followed by Focal sharp wave discharges (FSWDs) (n  =  57, 55.8%), focal slow wave activity (FSWA) (n  =  56, 52.8%), periodic discharges (PDs) (n  =  13, 12.3%), and ictal epileptiform abnormalities (n  =  6, 5.7%). FSWA and ictal EAs were positively associated with seizure recurrence ( p < .001 and p  =  .015 respectively) and it remained significant even after adjusting for age, sex, stroke severity, stroke subtype, or use of anti-seizure medications (ASMs). Other positive associations were status epilepticus (SE) ( p  =  .015), and use of older ASM ( p < .001). FSWA and GSWA in EEG were positively associated with severe functional disability ( p  =  .055, p  =  .015 respectively). Other associations were; Diabetes Mellitus ( p  =  .034), Chronic Kidney Disease ( p  =  .002), use of older ASMs ( p  =  .037), presence of late PSS ( p  =  .021), and those with Ischemic stroke ( p  =  .010). Conclusions: Recognition and documentation of PSS-related EEG characteristics are important, as certain EEG patterns may help to identify the patients who are at risk of developing recurrence or worse functional outcomes.
The Relationship Between Proximity of Collegiate Recreation Facilities and Usage Levels
Authors: Boren Shaun , Li Qichen , Cramp Catherine
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to further explore the relationship between travel time and frequency of visits to collegiate recreation facilities. After surveying all students using collegiate recreation facilities at a large public southeastern US university, the local address of the 559 respondents was converted into travel time to their preferred facility using their preferred transportation method. This travel time was compared with swipe data on visits to the facility over a semester. A multinomial logistic regression was conducted to analyze the relationship between collegiate recreation facility usage level and travel time. Results support past research and ecological models of health behaviors demonstrating that proximity of recreation facilities is positively associated with higher usage by college students.
Perceiving social gaze produces the reversed congruency effect
Authors: Ishikawa Kenta , Oyama Takato , Tanaka Yoshihiko , Okubo Matia
Published: February 2024

Numerous studies have shown that the gaze of others produces a special attentional process, such as the eye contact effect or joint attention. This study investigated the attentional process triggered by various types of gaze stimuli (i.e., human, cat, fish, koala, and robot gaze). A total of 300 university students participated in five experiments. They performed a spatial Stroop task in which five types of gaze stimuli were presented as targets. Participants were asked to judge the direction of the target (left or right) irrespective of its location (left or right). The results showed that the social gaze targets (i.e., human and cat gaze) produced a reversed congruency effect. In contrast to the social gaze targets, the non-social gaze (i.e., fish and robot) target did not produce the reversed congruency effect (Experiments 2, 2B, 3, and 4). These results suggest that attention to the gaze of socially communicable beings (i.e., humans and cats) is responsible for the reversed congruency effect. Our findings support the notion that the theory of mind or social interaction plays an important role in producing specific attentional processes in response to gaze stimuli.
Tactical factors that influence shooting success in the Chinese Football Association Super League
Authors: Tianbiao Liu , Qiu Chen , Micha Pietzonka , Yuhan Huang , Haoyang Ji
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to investigate the tactical factors influencing shooting success in the Chinese Football Association Super League (CSL). The data set comprised 5914 shooting actions collected from all 240 matches in the CSL 2018 season, featuring 16 different teams. The variables assessed included pass number (PN), playing minute (M), match status (MS), final passing area (FPA), regaining possession position (RPP), offense category (OC), and shooting position (SP). To distinguish the attacking patterns of teams of varying strengths, all 16 teams were clustered into two groups based on two contextual factors: their starting season budgets and their rankings at the end of the season. Firstly, a descriptive analysis was conducted, followed by the application of a binomial-logit model ( p < 0.05). The Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method was employed to evaluate the factors impacting shooting success. The results revealed that: (1) Match status ( p = 0.0412), regaining possession position ( p = 0.0002), and shooting position ( p = 0.0001) play important roles in shooting success for all teams. (2) For strong teams, the offense category ( p = 0.0031) and the final passing area ( p = 0.0027) also have an important influence on shooting success. (3) The tactics of the weak teams should focus especially on the final passing area ( p = 0.0388) before shooting at the goal. These findings can provide guidance for coaches in developing more effective scoring strategies or defensive tactics and tailoring them appropriately to the strengths and weaknesses of their respective teams.
Stryd biomechanical parameters as indicators of running economy and performance
Authors: Jaén-Carrillo Diego , Ruiz-Alias Santiago A , Olaya-Cuartero Javier , García-Pinillos Felipe
Published: February 2024

The interplay of biomechanical and neuromuscular aspects aids in the conversion of power production in running performance, and when combined with metabolic factors, these aspects may lead to improved running economy (RE). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the association between the Stryd Power Meter foot pod metrics with RE and performance. Fifteen high-caliber male athletes completed two treadmill running sessions. First, RE was determined at 10 and 12 km/h. Second, two all-out efforts of nine and three minute duration were completed. At 10 km/h, the simple and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that form power (FP) was the best RE predictor (adjusted R2 = 0.464; p = 0.005) followed by vertical oscillation (VO) ( R2 = 0.424; p = 0.005) and ground contact time (GCT) ( R2 = 0.363; p = 0.010). At 12 km/h, such regressions confirmed that GCT was the best RE indicator (adjusted R2 = 0.222; p = 0.043) followed by FP (adjusted R2 = 0.213; p = 0.047). During the nine and three minute all-out effort sessions, GCT was the best performance predictor ( R2 = 0.491; p = 0.002 and R2 = 0.380; p = 0.014, respectively). The biomechanical factors of GCT and FP are good indicators of RE and running performance.
Problems in primary care: A global perspective
Authors: Shahid Hina , Akhtar Dr Safia , Caleyachetty Dr Rishi
Published: February 2024

Primary care is widely recognised as the cornerstone of health systems, but many countries have overlooked primary care and important evidence of the efficacy of primary care services in delivering better healthcare, better health outcomes and reduced health inequalities. Evidence shows health is better in areas with more primary care doctors and people receiving care from primary care doctors are healthier. This article explores problems with the systems of primary care from a global perspective. We focus on four regions (Africa, East Mediterranean, Western Pacific and South Asia) and select countries within these regions. In this article, we use the term primary care to refer to ‘the provision of integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community.’ The term primary health care is employed interchangeably throughout this article, although we acknowledge this is a much broader term derived from core principles articulated by the World Health Organization and including services delivered to individuals and their communities (primary care services) and population-level ‘public health-type’ functions.
Momordin Ic Inhibits the Partially Malignant Phenotype of Osteosarcoma Cells by Inducing Apoptosis and Autophagy
Authors: Xu Ruiqing , Huang Rui , Shi Jiandang , Chu Dawei , Yang Pengyu
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Studies have shown that Momordin Ic (MI) has an antitumor effect on liver cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. However, its effect on osteosarcoma has not yet been reported. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of MI on several malignant phenotypes of osteosarcoma cells.

Methods

CCK-8 and EdU were used to evaluate the effect of MI on the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells. Apoptosis and cell cycle were observed by flow cytometry. Monodansycadaverine (MDC) staining was used to detect autophagy. Western blot was used to evaluate apoptosis, cell cycle, autophagy, and ferroptosis. Evaluation of osteosarcoma cell migration ability by wound healing assay. Colony formation assay was used to test the ability of cloning. Transwell invasion assay was used to detect the invasion level of osteosarcoma cells.

Results

The results showed that MI significantly inhibited the proliferative activity of osteosarcoma cells. Z-VAD-FMK, 3-MA, and Fer-1 were administered separately, and the results showed that except for Fer-1, the other two inhibitors could reverse cell activity to different degrees. Flow cytometry showed that MI induced G0/1 cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. MDC showed that MI induced autophagy in osteosarcoma cells. Western blot showed that autophagy and apoptosis proteins were significantly higher in MI group. Transwell invasion assay, wound healing assay, and colony formation assay confirmed that MI could inhibit the invasion, migration, and cloning ability of osteosarcoma cells.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our study confirmed that MI may exert antitumor effects by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in osteosarcoma cells.
Second-Look Arthroscopy Shows Inferior Cartilage after Bone Marrow Stimulation Compared with Other Operative Techniques for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vreeken Jelmer T. , Dahmen Jari , Stornebrink Tobias , Emanuel Kaj S. , Walinga Alex B. , Stufkens Sjoerd A.S. , Kerkhoffs Gino M.M.J.
Published: February 2024

Objective

To compare cartilage quality after different surgical interventions for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT), evaluated by second-look arthroscopy. Secondary aims were to report concomitant diagnoses, and to correlate cartilage quality with clinical and radiological outcomes. This review hypothesizes that the cartilage repair after bone marrow stimulation (BMS) is inferior to the other available treatment options.

Methods

PROSPERO ID: CRD42022311489. Studies were retrieved through PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), and Cochrane Library. Studies were included if they reported cartilage quality after second-look investigation after surgical treatment of OLT. The primary outcome measure was the cartilage quality success and failure rates (%) per surgical intervention group. Correlations between the cartilage quality and clinical or radiological outcomes were calculated.

Results

Twenty-nine studies were included, comprising 586 ankles that had undergone second-look arthroscopy on average 16 months after initial surgery. The success rate for BMS was 57% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 48%-65%), for fixation (FIX) 86% (95% CI = 70%-94%), for osteo(chondral) transplantation (OCT) 91% (95% CI = 80%-96%), for cartilage implementation techniques (CITs) 80% (95% CI = 69%-88%), and for retrograde drilling 100% (95% CI = 66%-100%). The success rate of BMS was significantly lower than FIX, OCT, and CIT ( P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between other treatment groups. A moderate positive significant correlation between the Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score and the International Cartilage Repair Society score (ICRS) was found (ρ = 0.51, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Successful restoration of cartilage quality was found in the majority of surgically treated OLTs. However, BMS yields inferior cartilage quality compared with FIX, OCT, and CIT. Study Design. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of evidence. Level IV, systematic review and meta-analysis.
Highlighting Opportunities (Versus Outcomes) Increases Support for Economic Redistribution
Authors: Dolifka David , Christensen Katherine L. , Shaddy Franklin
Published: February 2024

High levels of economic inequality are associated with numerous negative individual and societal consequences, and people prefer less of it. Opposition to redistributive policies designed to reduce inequality (e.g., taxing the rich to assist the poor), however, remains persistent. In this research, we propose a simple intervention to boost support for such policies. Specifically, we suggest that describing inequality between babies (in rich or poor homes) makes unequal opportunities more salient than describing inequality between adults. Because unequal opportunities are more difficult to rationalize than unequal outcomes, this results in a shift away from individualistic attributions and toward structural attributions for inequality. Critically, structural problems require structural solutions (e.g., redistributive efforts). We test this account across five preregistered studies ( N = 5,800), spanning various presentation modalities (e.g., visual depictions, written descriptions), demographics (e.g., race, gender), inequality-reducing policies (e.g., taxation, food stamps), and a consequential choice underscoring implications for donation behavior.