bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Rotator Cuff Tears Among Older Tennis Players and Its Impact on Clinical Findings and Shoulder Function
Authors: Harada Yohei , Yokoya Shin , Sumimoto Yasuhiko , Iwahori Yusuke , Kajita Yukihiro , Deie Masataka , Adachi Nobuo
Published: April 2022

Context: Tennis is a noncontact sport playable at an individual’s own pace. Thus, it is popular among the older adults. It is known that older adults often suffer from rotator cuff tears (RCTs), which may affect tennis activity. However, the prevalence and influence of RCTs on tennis play among older players are not well-known. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of RCTs in older tennis players and its impact on physical findings and shoulder function. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifty-three tennis players (mean age: 70.7 y; range: 60–83 y) participating in a recreational-level tennis tournament were examined in this study. An ultrasonographic examination of both shoulders was performed to detect RCTs. Relationships between RCTs of the dominant shoulder and clinical findings, shoulder pain, and shoulder function including range of motion, shoulder strength, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand—Sports Module score were assessed. Results: RCTs were detected in 19 (36%) dominant shoulders and 6 (11%) nondominant shoulders. Asymptomatic RCTs were detected in 11 (58%) dominant shoulders and 5 (83%) nondominant shoulders. Increased crepitus and more positive results in the empty can test, and infraspinatus test were observed in the dominant shoulders with RCTs than in those without; however, there was no difference in shoulder pain, range of motion; strength; Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score; and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand—Sports Module score between the players with and without RCTs. Conclusions: One-third of the older tennis players in this study had RCTs in the dominant shoulder with some positive physical sign of an RCT. However, shoulder pain and shoulder function did not differ between the players with and without RCTs, suggesting that RCTs had a minor impact on the tennis performance in the participants of this study.
Interferon Lambda Signals in Maternal Tissues to Exert Protective and Pathogenic Effects in a Gestational Stage-Dependent Manner
Authors: Casazza Rebecca L. , Philip Drake T. , Lazear Helen M.
Published: April 2022

Pregnancy is an immunologically complex situation, which must balance protecting the fetus from maternal pathogens with preventing maternal immune rejection of non-self fetal and placental tissue. Cytokines, such as interferon lambda (IFN-λ), contribute to antiviral immunity at the maternal-fetal interface.
Genome Sequences of Five Indian Canine Rabies Virus Isolates Obtained Using Oxford Nanopore Technologies Sequencing
Authors: Kumar Ankeet , Nath Sujith S. , Sridhar Sudarshan Ashwin , Iyer Vinithra , Jadeja Niti B. , Panchamia Neha , Banerji Indrakshi , Vanak Abi Tamim , Tatu Utpal
Published: April 2022

We report five canine rabies virus genome sequences from India that were obtained from brain samples using Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing. The sequences will facilitate understanding of the evolution and transmission of rabies.
Genome-Wide Identification of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Genes Important for Desiccation Tolerance on Inanimate Surfaces
Authors: Karash Sardar , Yahr Timothy L.
Published: April 2022

Health care-associated infections (HAIs) caused by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
result in significant morbidity and mortality and are a significant economic burden. Moist environments that promote biofilm formation are an important reservoir for
P. aeruginosa
.
Diagnostic Performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Compared with Predecessor Test, Xpert MTB/RIF, in a Low TB Incidence Setting: a Retrospective Service Evaluation
Authors: Mansfield Mary , McLaughlin Anne Marie , Roycroft Emma , Montgomery Lorraine , Keane Joseph , Fitzgibbon Margaret M. , Rogers Thomas R.
Published: April 2022

The study demonstrates the improved sensitivity of the Ultra compared with the Xpert, particularly in smear negative TB disease, for both pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples in a low TB incidence setting. Cycle threshold (Ct) value for both assays was found to positively correlate with time to TB culture positivity, suggesting that Ct and semiquantitative results could be used as indicators of sample MTBC bacillary burden, and thus, perhaps, of transmission potential.
Plagioclase archives of depleted melts in the oceanic crust
Authors: Neave David A. , Namur Olivier
Published: April 2022

Mid-ocean ridge and ocean-island basalts provide vital but incomplete insights into mantle chemistry. For example, high-anorthite plagioclase is generally too refractory and incompatible-element depleted to have crystallized from the melts that carry it to the surface. Moreover, erupted basalts rarely preserve the extreme isotopic and incompatible-element depletions found in some primitive melt inclusions and residual abyssal peridotites. By integrating experimental observations with analyses of natural crystals and glasses, we infer that high-anorthite plagioclase grows from high-degree melts of refractory but otherwise unexotic mantle sources with depleted incompatible-element compositions. The widespread occurrence of high-anorthite plagioclase in oceanic basalts and the oceanic crust hence indicates that refractory melts pervade the uppermost mantle and lower crust. We thus suggest that refractory melts play much a greater role in crustal accretion than typically recognized and that refractory and feasibly depleted peridotite is more prevalent in the upper mantle than previously thought.
Atypical landslide induces speedup, advance, and long-term slowdown of a tidewater glacier
Authors: Van Wyk de Vries Maximillian , Wickert Andrew D. , MacGregor Kelly R. , Rada Camilo , Willis Michael J.
Published: April 2022

Atmospheric and oceanic warming over the past century have driven rapid glacier thinning and retreat, destabilizing hillslopes and increasing the frequency of landslides. The impact of these landslides on glacier dynamics and resultant secondary landslide hazards are not fully understood. We investigated how a 262 ± 77 × 106 m3 landslide affected the flow of Amalia Glacier, Chilean Patagonia. Despite being one of the largest recorded landslides in a glaciated region, it emplaced little debris onto the glacier surface. Instead, it left a series of landslide-perpendicular ridges, landslide-parallel fractures, and an apron of ice debris—with blocks as much as 25 m across. Our observations suggest that a deep-seated failure of the mountainside impacted the glacier flank, propagating brittle deformation through the ice and emplacing the bulk of the rock mass below the glacier. The landslide triggered a brief downglacier acceleration of Amalia Glacier followed by a slowdown of as much as 60% of the pre-landslide speed and increased suspended-sediment concentrations in the fjord. These results highlight that landslides may induce widespread and long-lasting disruptions to glacier dynamics.
One-Loop Electroweak Radiative Corrections to Polarized Møller Scattering
Authors: Bondarenko S. G. , Kalinovskaya L. V. , Rumyantsev L. A. , Yermolchyk V. L.
Published: April 2022

This work is devoted to a theoretical description of polarized Møller scattering. Complete one-loop electroweak radiative corrections are calculated in the helicity amplitude approach with allowance for the exact dependence on the muon mass. Numerical results are presented for integrated unpolarized and polarized cross sections as well as angular differential distributions. Calculations are performed using ReneSANCe Monte Carlo generator and MCSANC Monte Carlo integrator.
Measuring the Acoustic Characteristics of Compact Concrete Building Structures Using the Impact Echo Method
Authors: Kachanov V. K. , Sokolov I. V. , Samokrutov A. A. , Lunin V. P. , Fedorenko S. A.
Published: April 2022

The impact-echo method, which is a method of free vibrations, is used for testing building structures made of concrete that have the measured thickness $$H$$ at least six times smaller than the other dimensions and is not used to test compact products in which the thickness $$H$$ is comparable to the other dimensions. The problem with testing compact objects is that it is impossible to unambiguously determine the required resonant frequency $${{f}_{0}}\sim {\text{1/}}H$$ determined by the product thickness $$H$$ on the spectrum of the compact product against the background of closely spaced numerous resonances determined by other test object dimensions. Another reason is that due to a strong influence of the geometric dispersion of the sound speed in compact products, it is necessary to calculate a correction factor $$\beta $$ for each new compact test object. The article proposes a solution to the problem of testing compact concrete building structures using a multiplicative impact echo method that allows one to determine the desired resonant frequency, as well as using various versions of the correlation impact echo method that allow one to measure the speed of sound in compact products for the subsequent determination of concrete strength both in the process of cement solidification and during the operation of building structures in order to predict the trouble-free service life of buildings and structures.
System of evolution equations for quark and gluon jet quenching with broadening
Authors: Blanco E. , Kutak K. , Płaczek W. , Rohrmoser M. , Tywoniuk K.
Published: April 2022

We propose a system of evolution equations that describe in-medium time-evolution of transverse-momentum-dependent quark and gluon fragmentation functions. Furthermore, we solve this system of equations using Monte Carlo methods. We then quantify the obtained solutions in terms of a few characteristic features, namely the average transverse momentum $$\langle |k|\rangle $$

⟨
|
k
|
⟩

and energy contained in a cone, which allow us to see different behaviour of quark and gluon initiated final-state radiation. In particular, the later allows us to conclude that in the gluon-initiated processes there is less energy in a cone, so that the quark jet is more collimated.
Cohomology of the Schrödinger–Virasoro conformal algebra
Authors: Wu Henan , Luo Lipeng
Published: April 2022

Both the basic cohomology groups and the reduced cohomology groups of the Schrödinger–Virasoro conformal algebra with trivial coefficients are completely determined.
Whitham modulation theory and exotic wave patterns of the good Jaulent–Miodek equation with step-like initial data
Authors: Gong Ruizhi , Wang Deng-Shan
Published: April 2022

The complete classification of solutions to the Riemann problem of the good Jaulent–Miodek equation is investigated by Whitham modulation theory. The one-phase and two-phase periodic wave solutions and the corresponding Whitham equations are derived based on the Lax pair of the good Jaulent–Miodek equation and the finite-gap integration method. In particular, the N-phase periodic wave solutions are proposed by algebro-geometric approach. Then the basic wave structures of rarefaction waves and DSWs are proposed analytically and graphically, which makes it possible to establish the classification of all the possible wave patterns evolving from initial discontinuities. The asymptotic results given by Whitham modulation theory are in excellent agreement with direct numerical simulations. Finally, a detailed description of the shallow-water dam break problem is demonstrated to find the possible physical significance of the wave patterns found in this work.
Blind Image Inpainting Using Low-Dimensional Manifold Regularization
Authors: Gao Mei , Kang Baosheng
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we present a novel method for blind image inpainting, which can restore images with missing or corrupted pixels, or images where the location of the damaged pixels is unknown. The method applies weighted nonlocal Laplacian to address the problem of blind image inpainting using low-dimensional manifold model (LDMM) regularization, and uses semi-local blocks instead of point integrals to implement constraints in LDMM. This solves the problem of low solution efficiency caused by the asymmetry of the linear equations solved by point integration, and the problem of the high iteration count to get good restoration effect. Experiments show that our method is competitive with latest methods in terms of both repairing images with large missing pixels rate and inpainting speed.
Bifurcation Fusion Network for RGB-D Salient Object Detection
Authors: zhao Zhi-Hua , Chen Li
Published: April 2022

With the rapid development of sensor technology, multi-modal data fusion methods based on deep neural networks provide a reliable guarantee for object recognition and detection in complex scenarios. Most of the existing RGB-D image salient object detection methods improve the salient object detection methods in 2D scenes, which have many problems, such as ineffective fusion of feature information, incomplete image feature extraction and so on. Aiming at these problems, we proposed a salient object detection method based on bifurcated fusion network. First, we use the high- level features of the global context to locate the salient object, then we use the low-level features of the local details to extract the edge information. Second, we model the RGB information and depth information through the gate channel transformation control mechanism, and construct the bifurcation backbone network model and generate the initial salient map. Finally, based on the initial salient map and low-level features, the final salient map is generated. Experimental results show that the proposed method can fully utilize the multi-layer feature information of the image and effectively detect the salient object.
Detecting Correlations in Desynchronized Chaotic Chimera States
Authors: Mendes C. F. O. , Menon L. , da Silva R. M. , Beims M. W.
Published: April 2022

In this work, we propose to use the distance correlation ([Formula: see text]) and the Euclidian distance ([Formula: see text]) as powerful quantifiers to describe correlation and synchronization in spatially extended systems. As examples, we use the coupled Kuramoto oscillator model and coupled map lattices to study chimera states. Results for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are compared and discussed in terms of recurrence plots, local synchronization order parameter, local recurrence rate, and local [Formula: see text] rate. The existence of correlations between desynchronized states, not visible in usual recurrence plots, becomes evident when using [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Since correlation is a broader concept than synchronization, the proposed quantifiers amplify the characterization, description and possible application of spatially extended systems.
Comparison of Competition Strategy and Retail Mode of Asymmetric Emission Reduction in Supply Chain Under Cap-and-Trade Regulation
Authors: Ma Junhai , Hu Yaduo , Wang Wenqian
Published: April 2022

With people’s increasing awareness of the dangers of climate warming, the cap-and-trade scheme in supply chain has been gradually implemented worldwide. However, many companies have not engaged in carbon emission reduction, and the market is under asymmetric competition. In this context, this article focuses on the asymmetric competition between manufacturers under the cap-and-trade regulation and compares different retail modes. At the same time, four models are constructed from two different perspectives: the short-term game and the long-term repeated game. The results show that the manufacturer’s optimal price increases with the commission coefficient when the carbon gap is significant in the short-term game, while the carbon emission reduction decreases with the coefficient. And the profits of the manufacturer who contributes to carbon emission reduction are more sensitive to changes in the commission coefficient. Under the reselling mode, the retailer’s participation in pricing will intensify supply chain competition. When the carbon gap is significant, carbon emission reduction will decrease with the increasing carbon trading price. By comparison, the carbon emission reduction level under the reselling mode is higher when the carbon gap is significant; when the commission coefficient is moderate, the retailer in the agency mode has higher profits. In the long-term game, the system is more likely to be in chaos when the manufacturer’s adjustment speed is too high.
Never bet against Einstein
Authors: De Paolis Francesco
Published: April 2022

Among the geniuses of mankind, Einstein was probably one of those who made more erroneous claims, and often changed his opinion during the years on important scientific subjects. However, it is important to bear in mind that his mistakes were always due to a misinterpretation of the results obtained from his equations, since he was often biased by his own view of the universe. Einstein’s equations have always given the correct answer and, till now, more than a century after its development, there is no evidence that it may not be correct.
Linearized field equations and extra force in f(R,T(n)) extended gravity
Authors: Abedi Habib , Bajardi Francesco , Capozziello Salvatore
Published: April 2022

We consider an extended theory of gravity with Lagrangian [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] being a [Formula: see text]th-order invariant made of contractions of the energy–momentum tensor. When [Formula: see text], this theory reduces to [Formula: see text] gravity, where [Formula: see text] accounts for the trace of the energy–momentum tensor. We study the gravitational wave polarization modes, from which it results that when the matter Lagrangian contains dynamical scalar fields minimally coupled to the geometry, further polarization modes arise with respect to General Relativity. Finally, we show that the motion for test particles is nongeodesic and we explicitly obtain the extra force.
EFFECT OF COATING TYPE ON TRIBOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF H13 TOOL STEEL
Authors: ALPHONSE MATHEW , BUPESH RAJA V. K. , GUPTA MANOJ
Published: April 2022

Tribology is the study of friction, wear and lubrication. This work aims to study the effect of coatings on the wear behavior of H13 tool steel. Liquid nitriding, plasma nitriding, PVD TiN coating and DLC were utilized on H13 tool steel for increasing the tool life, quality of drilled holes and to reduce the cost of tool material. The wear behavior of H13 was evaluated using pin on disc wear test. Microstructural and scanning electron microscope analysis of wear surface of tool was carried out to identify the best coating and wear mechanism. This study reveals that PVD-TiN-coated H13 tool exhibited the best wear response and least coefficient of friction hence can be selected for friction drilling process.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE FRICTION DRILLING TOOL FOR HOLE MAKING IN COMMERCIAL COPPER PLATE
Authors: BUPESH RAJA V. K. , ALPHONSE MATHEW , SIVAKUMAR M. , GUPTA MANOJ
Published: April 2022

In friction drilling technique, friction is developed in between work material and rotating tool. In this method, friction heat is generated. Also, material heat is generated and due to this, tool was penetrated without formation of chip and hence this method is classified as a chip less hole making method. One of the issues faced in friction drilling process is excessive wear of tool. To address this issue in the context of copper plate, two different materials of H13 steel tool and HSS tool with two combinations (straight and conical profile) were investigated and compared. For this process, CNC 3 axis machine was used for drilling hole on a 3[Formula: see text]mm thick copper plate. This study validated that HSS straight profile tool displayed lesser wear of 0.093[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m at 50[Formula: see text]mm/rev feed rate and 3000[Formula: see text]rpm spindle speed.
MINIMIZED FEATURE SELECTION FOR DETECTION OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE USING NEURO-FUZZY SYSTEM
Authors: LEE SANG-HONG
Published: April 2022

This study presents a methodology for detecting Parkinson’s disease using a neuro-fuzzy system (NFS) with feature selection. From all the 22 features, the five most accurate minimized features were selected using neural networks with weighted fuzzy membership functions (NEWFMs), which supported the nonoverlapping region method (NORM). NORM eliminates the worst features and can select the minimized features constituting each interpretable fuzzy membership. As an input to the NEWFMs, all 22 features indicated a performance sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 87.43%, 96.43% and 88.72%, respectively. In addition, at least five features of the NEWFMs showed performance sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 95.24%, 85.42% and 92.82%, respectively.
Robust recovery of a kind of weighted l1-minimization without noise level
Authors: Gao Yi , Zhang Wenjie
Published: April 2022

This paper studies a kind of weighted [Formula: see text]-minimization that is motivated by function interpolation. Combining with the weighted robust null space property, we first propose a new sufficient condition for robust recovery via the weighted [Formula: see text]-minimization when the measurements are corrupted by arbitrary noise without requiring the proper estimation of noise level. Second, we investigate the instance optimality of the weighted [Formula: see text]-minimization decoder according to the weighted quotient property and the weighted restricted isometry property (RIP). In addition, to give a better error estimation in a general problem to recover noisy compressible signals, we improve the [Formula: see text]-RIP constant [Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] by using the weighted sparsity and Stechkin-type estimate. Our results show that the weighted [Formula: see text]-minimization remains not only stable but also robust to reconstruct signals with noisy observations.
Impact Analysis of Thin-Walled Cylindrical Tubes
Authors: Vusa V. R. , Budarapu P. R.
Published: April 2022

In this study, the energy dissipation as well as crash-worthiness of thin-walled tubes of different cross-sections after the addition of face plates, both, with and without foam cases under dynamic impact conditions are investigated through numerical simulations. The finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit is employed to carry out the simulations. Cylindrical tubes of different geometries, such as circle, ellipse, hexagon, square, and triangle, assigned by aluminum properties are considered for the impact analysis. The analysis is performed on four different configurations of the thin-walled tubes: (i) cylindrical tube alone, (ii) tube with face plate, (iii) tube with foam, (iv) tube with face and foam. The nonlinear distortion properties obtained through axial compression loading are used in the simulations. The addition of face plates to the thin-walled tubes alters the deformation modes as well as the folding pattern compared to the tube configurations without face, both, with and without foam addition. The outcomes after employing the face plates to the hexagonal thin-walled tube are observed to be exhibiting the least deviation in specific energy dissipation, as compared to the respective tube configurations without face plates.
A human hybrid tracking and localization method for mixed reality simulation of complex system
Authors: Wu Yufen , Lv Yi , Wang Dawei , Xue Yang , Xu Shuhong
Published: April 2022

In order to obtain stable and high-precision motion tracking in mixed reality (MR) simulation of the complex system, an optical-inertial hybrid tracking method is proposed, which combines the accuracy of optical motion capture equipment and the robustness of inertial motion capture equipment, and can reduce the occlusion problem of entity scene on the premise of ensuring the localization accuracy. The method has been applied to the ergonomic evaluation of large civil aircraft development processes, and the effectiveness and usability of the method have been verified.
Natural and Experimental Rewiring of Gene Regulatory Regions
Authors: Downes Damien J. , Hughes Jim R.
Published: April 2022

The successful development and ongoing functioning of complex organisms depend on the faithful execution of the genetic code. A critical step in this process is the correct spatial and temporal expression of genes. The highly orchestrated transcription of genes is controlled primarily by cis-regulatory elements: promoters, enhancers, and insulators. The medical importance of this key biological process can be seen by the frequency with which mutations and inherited variants that alter cis-regulatory elements lead to monogenic and complex diseases and cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the methods available to characterize and perturb gene regulatory circuits. We then highlight mechanisms through which regulatory rewiring contributes to disease, and conclude with a perspective on how our understanding of gene regulation can be used to improve human health.
Transport in Lithium Garnet Oxides as Revealed by Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Lai Wei
Published: April 2022

Lithium garnet oxides are a family of fast-ion conductors with appreciable lithium ionic conductivity in the solid state, making them promising candidates as electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries. In their structures, lithium is partially (along with vacancy) distributed among more than one crystallographically distinct sites, just as with other fast-ion conductors. This disorder has a great influence on lithium's transport properties such as diffusivity and ionic conductivity. We review atomistic simulation studies in conjunction with complementary experimental investigations, which offer atomic-scale visualization of and insight into lithium transport phenomena in lithium garnet oxides.
Dual Protective Mechanism of AlPO4 Coating on High-Nickel Cathode Material for High Energy Density and Long Cycle Life Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Nguyen Au , Zuo Peng , Jiang Heng , Wang Chongmin , Wang Donghai
Published: April 2022

Cathode material with high nickel content is a promising candidate for the future generation of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, severe structural degradation during cycling limits its practical use, especially for electric vehicles. Herein, AlPO4 nanoparticles were synthesized and then coated onto the surface of a high-nickel layer-structured cathode via a dry coating method. The AlPO4 nanoparticles coating significantly improved the cycling stability from 69.2% to over 80% capacity retention after 140 cycles. Furthermore, the structure and chemical composition of the AlPO4-coated cathode was investigated by XRD, SEM, XPS, and STEM. Compared with the non-coated cathode, we revealed a dual protective mechanism for enhanced cycling stability, where Al doping and Li3PO4 coating play synergistic roles in protecting cathode material through long-term cycling. This work demonstrates a facile and environmentally friendly approach toward improving the performance of high-nickel LIB cathodes, which can be easily scaled up for industrial applications.
Human cardiovascular adaptation to hypergravity
Authors: Eiken Ola , Keramidas Michail E. , Sköldefors Håkan , Kölegård Roger
Published: April 2022

Despite decades of experience from high-gravitoinertial (G) exposures in aircraft and centrifuges, information is scarce regarding primary cardiovascular adaptations to +Gz loads in relaxed humans. Thus, effects of G-training are typically evaluated after regimens that are confounded by concomitant use of anti-G straining maneuvers, anti-G suits, and pressure breathing. Accordingly, the aim was to evaluate cardiovascular adaptations to repeated +Gz exposures in the relaxed state. Eleven men underwent 5 wk of centrifuge G training, consisting of 15 × 40 min +Gz exposures at G levels close to their individual relaxed G-level tolerance. Before and after the training regimen, relaxed G-level tolerance was investigated during rapid onset-rate (ROR) and gradual onset-rate (GOR) G exposures, and cardiovascular responses were investigated during orthostatic provocation and vascular pressure-distension tests. The G training resulted in: 1) a 13% increase in relaxed ROR G tolerance ( P < 0.001), but no change in GOR G tolerance, 2) increased pressure resistance in the arteries and arterioles of the legs ( P < 0.001), but not the arms, and 3) a reduced initial drop in arterial pressure upon ROR high G, but no change in arterial pressure under basal resting conditions or during GOR G loading, or orthostatic provocation. The results suggest +Gz adaptation via enhanced pressure resistance in dependent arteries/arterioles. Presumably, this reflects local adaptations to high transmural pressures, resulting from the +Gz-induced exaggeration of the intravascular hydrostatic pressure gradients.
A fixed single meal in the subjective day prevents free-running of the human sleep-wake cycle but not of the circadian pacemaker under temporal isolation
Authors: Yamanaka Yujiro , Hashimoto Satoko , Honma Aya , Honma Sato , Honma Ken-ichi
Published: April 2022

Effects of a fixed single meal per day were examined on the circadian pacemaker and sleep-wake cycle in subjects under temporal isolation. When the time of single meal was allowed to take at any time of day (ad-lib meal), the sleep-wake cycle as well as the circadian rhythms in plasma melatonin, cortisol, and core body temperature were significantly phase-delayed in 8 days. On the other hand, when the time of meal was fixed at 1800 h in local time (RF meal), the phase-shift of sleep-wake cycle was not significant while those of the circadian rhythms were significant. The differential effects of a fixed single meal schedule were confirmed in most individual subjects. There was no evidence for the prefeeding increase in plasma cortisol and leptin levels under the fixed single meal schedule. The plasma ghrelin level was apparently high before meal in both ad-lib and RF meal groups, which was, however, likely sculptured by a nonspecific prandial drop and gradual increase after meal intake. Single meal augmented the prandial increase of plasma insulin levels by four to five times. These findings indicate that a single meal at a fixed time of the day during the subjective day failed to prevent the human circadian pacemaker but prevented the sleep-wake cycle from free running for at least 8 days under temporal isolation, suggesting that mealtime was a potent nonphotic time cue for the human sleep-wake cycle.
Spherical Fuzzy Soft Topology and Its Application in Group Decision-Making Problems
Authors: Garg Harish , Perveen P A Fathima , John Sunil Jacob , Perez-Dominguez Luis
Published: April 2022

The spherical fuzzy soft set is a generalized soft set model, which is more realistic, practical, and accurate. It is an extended version of existing fuzzy soft set models that can be used to describe imprecise data in real-world scenarios. The paper seeks to introduce the new concept of spherical fuzzy soft topology defined on spherical fuzzy soft sets. In this work, we define some basic concepts including spherical fuzzy soft basis, spherical fuzzy soft subspace, spherical fuzzy soft interior, spherical fuzzy soft closure, and spherical fuzzy soft boundary. The properties of these defined set are also discussed and explained with an appropriate examples. Also, we establish certain important results and introduce spherical fuzzy soft separation axioms, spherical fuzzy soft regular space, and spherical fuzzy soft normal space. Furthermore, as an application, a group decision-making algorithm is presented based on the TOPSIS (Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) method for solving the decision-making problems. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated through a numerical example. The comprehensive advantages of the proposed work have been stated over the existing methods.
Research Progress of Ferroptosis in Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease (ABCD)
Authors: Du Huijun , Ren Xiaoying , Bai Juncai , Yang Wei , Gao Yunan , Yan Shuang
Published: April 2022

Ferroptosis is a multistep regulated cell death process induced by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Classical GPX4-dependent pathway and GPX4-independent pathways can independently and synergistically inhibit ferroptosis and jointly maintain the oxidative balance of the body. WHO defines obesity as “a condition of abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue, to the extent that health may be impaired,” and obesity is also defined as an adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD). Obesity is a systemic disease that leads to metabolic abnormalities in various systems, resulting in a series of complications including obesity cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and diabetes mellitus. Emerging evidence shows that ferroptosis is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of various diseases. In recent years, ferroptosis has been found to play critical roles in obesity and its complications. This review discusses the mechanisms of how ferroptosis is initiated and controlled and discusses the research progress of ferroptosis in obesity and its complications.
Research on Surrounding Rock Stability Affected by Surrounding Rock Pressure and Rock Fracture under Blasting Vibration Load Action
Authors: Qi Qingjie , Huang Shuai , Liu Yingjie
Published: April 2022

The influence mechanisms of factors, such as high confining pressure and in situ stress caused by deep mining on the stability of surrounding rock of roadways, are complex. Particularly, the motion and energy release of the rock mass medium can be caused by vibration transmission induced by blasting excavation in the underground mining. Based on this, by taking a metal mine with the buried depth of 498 m as a research object, influences of different excavation distances on roof deformation and stress of roadway surrounding rock during the excavation were studied by using a three‐dimensional numerical model. Moreover, the weak position of the roof of surrounding rock was determined. Finally, influences of fractured rock mass on propagation of blasting vibration waves in surrounding rock and energy distribution characteristics were analyzed. The research shows that rock mass around the excavated roadway moves towards the excavated space in different advance stages of a working face. The displacement fields on the top of a lateral tunnel present a heart‐shaped distribution along the working face and the maximum displacement appears to the roof at the junction of the lateral tunnel and a horizontal roadway along veins. As the advance distance of the working face increases, compression‐shear failure mostly occurs in the roadway surrounding rock, and tensile failure and combined tensile and shear failure occur at the unsupported roof and floor of the roadway. With the rise of the confining pressure, the total energy in frequency bands increases and its increase amplitude also rises. Furthermore, energy in a frequency domain of response signals to blasting vibration is transmitted from a secondary frequency band to a primary frequency band and is increasingly concentrated. With the increase of the damage degree of the roadway, signal energy in the frequency domain is transmitted from the primary to the secondary frequency band and signal energy is distributed more dispersedly. The test results are basically consistent with numerical simulation results. This study could provide technical guidance for the stability evaluation of surrounding rock of underground engineering structures.
Competitive Contexts Reduce Children’s Motivation to Tell White Lies Based on Big Data Analysis
Authors: Sun Yunrui , Lyu Yong , Ma Jing
Published: April 2022

There is a growing interest in the wireless technology to complement the traditional model-driven design approaches with data-driven machine learning- (ML-) based solutions. Telling a white lie is a distinct type of prosocial behavior, because in terms of the nature of lies, it is a lie but its motivation is to benefit someone else. It is unclear how children behave when they are caught in a conflict between prosocial motivation and the psychological cost of losing in a competition. Big data analysis can improve work efficiency, make analysis work more organized, and make analysis results more accurate. So the purpose of this study was to investigate the motivation of children to tell white lies by using big data analysis to examine the effects of different competitive situations on white lie behavior among 6- to 11-year olds. A final-round-of-game paradigm was used to elicit prosocial white lies in children under varying competitive conditions. These were explored in two studies. In the study, two groups of children (

N
=
177

,

M

age

=
104.41

months,

SD
=
1.74

, 50.8% boys) participated in either baseline conditions or a competition against others. More children tended to tell the truth in the others-competition context group, and boys tended to be more truthful. These findings show that a decision of whether to tell a white lie is influenced by the psychological cost to children.
Specific Surface Area Characterization of Spinel Ferrite Nanostructure Based Compounds for Photocatalysis and Other Applications Using Extreme Learning Machine Method
Authors: Souiyah Miloud , Owolabi Taoreed O. , Saliu Saibu , Qahtan Talal F. , Aldhafferi Nahier , Alqahtani Abdullah
Published: April 2022

Nanocrystalline spinel ferrite based compounds are technological driven materials with interesting potentials in photocatalysis for renewable energy generation, gas sensing for pollution control, magnetic drug delivery, rod antennas, storage media (high density) and supercapacitive materials, among others. Specific surface area of spinel ferrite based compounds contributes immensely to the application of this semiconductor in industrial domains. Experimental determination of specific surface area is laborious and costly and consumes appreciable time. Compositional substitutions in crystal structure effectively improve physical properties and enhance specific surface area through alteration of moment distribution between tetrahedral oxygen sites and octahedral coordination. With the aid of distorted lattice parameters due to compositional substitution and the spinel ferrite nanocrystallite size as model descriptors, this present work models the specific surface area of spinel ferrite nanomaterial through extreme learning machine (ELM) based intelligent modeling method. The developed sigmoid activation function-based ELM (S-ELM) model shows superior performance over genetic algorithm based support vector regression (GBSVR) and stepwise regression (STWR) models existing in the literature with performance improvement of 61.31% and 70.01%, respectively, using root mean square error performance metric. The significances of cobalt and lanthanum compositional substitution on the specific surface area of spinel ferrite nanomaterials were investigated using S-ELM model. Ease of implementation of S-ELM model as compared with the existing GBSVR model, coupled with the demonstrated improved performance and persistent closeness of its predictions with the experimental values, would be highly meritorious for quick and precise characterization of specific surface area of spinel ferrite nanomaterials for various desired applications.
A Proposal for a New Classification of the Supernumerary Heads of the Biceps Brachii Muscle
Authors: Szewczyk Bartłomiej , Sanudo Jose Ramon , Podgórski Michał , Zielinska Nicol , Pires Maria Bettencourt , Aragonés Paloma , Olewnik Łukasz
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The anterior compartment of the arm consists of three muscles: the biceps brachii (BB), brachialis, and coracobrachialis muscle. The aim of the present study was to characterize possible variations in the supernumerary heads of the biceps brachii and use these to prepare an accurate classification of the area that could be used for planning surgical procedures in the region. Material and Methods. One hundred (51 left and 49 right, 52 females and 48 males) upper limbs fixed in 10% formalin solution were examined. Results. Four types of supernumerary BB heads were identified, with subtypes. Type I was the most common type, characterized by the two heads (64%); this was subdivided into Type IA, with a single muscle belly, and Type IB with two muscle bellies. The second most common type was Type II, which was characterized by the three BB heads (26%). This type was divided into four subtypes (A‐D): Type IIa characterized by attachment to the middle part of the shaft of the humerus; Type IIb characterized by the origin to the coracoid process together with the short head of the BB; Type IIc characterized by origin to the tendon of the pectoralis major muscle; and Type IId characterized by the attachment to the capsule of the humeral joint. The third most common type was Type III, which was characterized by four heads (6%); this was divided into Type IIIa, where two heads originated from the humerus bone, and Type IIIb, where one head originated from the short heads and the second from the long head of the BB. The rarest type was Type IV (4%) which was characterized by five heads: the short head originated from the coracoid process and the long head originated from the supraglenoid tubercle, the third and fourth head originated from the shaft of the humerus, while the fifth head originated from the pectoralis major muscle. Conclusion. The biceps brachii is characterized by very high morphological variability. The new classification proposes four types of supernumerary head arrangement (I‐IV), divided into subtypes. This classification has both clinical and anatomical significance.
Design of a Communication Device of Infrared Thermal Imaging Target Recognition and Tracking System
Authors: Zhang Le , Wang Jinsong , An Zhiyong
Published: April 2022

Due to the presence of solar radiation, each object emits electromagnetic waves at different temperatures. Thermal infrared imaging is to image an object through a thermal infrared CCD, which can reflect the temperature field of the object. The image information is obtained by infrared radiation intensity distribution, and the infrared light invisible to the human eye is converted into a visible image. Thermal infrared has a wide range of applications in military, industrial, automotive, medical, and other fields. This technology is still a research hotspot at present, and it has high research value for any region. This paper designs a communication device architecture for an infrared thermal imaging target recognition and tracking system and optimizes and compares different target recognition and tracking algorithms. The test results show that the device system can reduce the system software frame processing time from 120 ms to an average of 28 ms, and the processing speed is increased by about 4.3 times.
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-O-Methylperlatolic Acid Enhances Insulin-Regulated Blood Glucose-Lowering Effect through Insulin Receptor Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yinghao Wang , Qiaoli Guan , Guanfu Liu , Xiaoyun Wu , Xuanjun Wang , Jun Sheng
Published: April 2022

Purpose. Insulin receptor (InsR) sensitizers represent a new type of therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes, with 2

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-O-methylperlatolic acid (2-O-M) being a potential InsR targeting drug. The purpose of this study was to determine whether 2-O-M functions as an activator of the insulin signaling pathway, regulating glucose hemostasis through the InsR and exerting a glucose-lowering effect in an animal model of diabetes. Methods. SPR-based analyses were used to detect the binding of different concentrations of 2-O-M to the InsR. The protein levels of IR-β, p-IR, AKT, and p-AKT in Hepa and C2C12 cell lines and liver and muscle tissues were determined by western blotting. Glucose uptake capacity was determined in C2C12 cells. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control, insulin treated, 2-O-M treated, and combined insulin and 2-O-M treated. Mice were injected with 2-O-M or normal saline and the average blood glucose concentration after 120 min, and the serum levels of insulin, glucagon, and C-peptide were measured. Next, qRT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism in the liver and muscle tissues. Results. 2-O-M binds to the extracellular domain of the InsR. Moreover, combination treatment with 2-O-M and insulin resulted in significant activation of the insulin signaling pathway in vitro and significant stimulation of the glucose uptake capacity of C2C12 myotubes. In mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, 2-O-M significantly prolonged the blood glucose-lowering effect of insulin, significantly reduced the secretion of exogenous insulin, and reduced the blood glucose concentration in vivo. In addition, treatment with 2-O-M alone significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of AKT in muscle tissue, which enhanced glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. Further, 2-O-M significantly increased glucagon secretion and enhanced liver gluconeogenesis to prevent hypoglycemia. Conclusion. 2-O-M enhances the hypoglycemic effect of insulin through the insulin signaling pathway and can be used as a complement to insulin. This synergetic effect may lower the required dose of insulin and protect β cells.
Aloe-Emodin Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy by Targeting Interferon Regulatory Factor 4
Authors: Lu Ling , Li Yin
Published: April 2022

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease and lacks effective clinical treatment for its complicated pathogenesis. In this study, the gene expression profiles downloaded from the GEO database were used to identify the key regulatory gene through bioinformatics analyses, and the potential mechanism in regulating DN was revealed via the gene set enrichment analysis, pathway analysis, and in vitro phenotype detection. The effect of the screened drug on DN was analyzed through in vitro and in vivo model experiments. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) in DN was identified to be upregulated compared with that in normal control tissues. Further results revealed that IRF4 promoted the DN progression through inflammation, immunity, and extracellular matrix remodeling. The screening results of the TCM library showed that aloe-emodin (Ae) should be a potentially active target drug, and the in vitro and in vivo experiment results demonstrated that Ae could ameliorate DN by targeting IRF4. In conclusion, this study revealed the mechanism of the DN progression and demonstrated that Ae could be a potential target drug in ameliorating DN, providing ideas for the clinical treatments for DN.