bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF FRANCHISE MECHANISM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COMMERCIALIZATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Bazylevych Viktor , Zhukovska Kristina
Published: April 2021

The main purpose of the study is to analyze nature, features and role of franchising in commercialization of intellectual property. Authors proved that franchising mechanism can lead to high returns from minimal risks and increase the level of innovative development of national economy. Franchising investigated as a form of business organization that meets the needs of today's consumer markets. The nature and role of franchising in modern globalized marketplace are discovered. Peculiarities of commercialization of the results of creative intellectual activity are analyzed. The history of franchising is considered. Analysis of the economic nature of franchising and main approaches to its definition as an economic category are generalized. The current state of the Ukrainian franchising market is studied. Theoretical model of interaction between franchisor and franchisee in the intellectual property market is considered. Examples of the most successful modern Ukrainian franchises are considered. Advantages of franchising as an effective business model and mechanism of intellectual property commercialization are determined. In the context of the commercialization of intellectual property, franchising provides certain benefits for both parties to the franchise agreement and, at the same time, creates additional risks. By entering into a franchise relationship, the owner of intellectual property rights risks losing the business reputation and trust of consumers through the production and sale of low-quality products to the franchisee. Conducted analysis demonstrated that franchising market grew by 18% compared to the same period last year. At the same time, the Ukrainian franchise market remain quite diversified. Enterprises operate in various fields: catering, services, retail trade. Authors proved that in a post-industrial economy, intellectual property becomes a major factor of production, and intellectual property relations are developing rapidly. Under these conditions, franchising forms an effective mechanism for the commercialization of an intellectual product and creates the preconditions for increasing the competitiveness of economic entities in the conditions of post-industrial transformations.
THE STRATEGIC PLANNING OF THE MARKETING ACTIVITIES OF DIGITALIZATION OF MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES
Authors: Omelyanovych Oleksiy , Bobiak Arsen
Published: April 2021

The article emphasizes that in the modern world the process of digitalization has become an integral part of today, because without the use of reliable digital technologies in enterprises it is almost impossible to achieve a technological breakthrough, because digitalization provides a truly competitive advantage. The article emphasizes that in the modern world the process of digitalization has become an integral part of today, because without the use of reliable digital technologies in enterprises it is almost impossible to achieve a technological breakthrough, because digitalization provides a truly competitive advantage. One of the obstacles to the development of motor transport enterprises in Ukraine is the limited access of small businesses to digitalization technologies. The introduction of the innovative information programs of marketing support of strategic planning of subjects of the motor transport sphere, which for various reasons remain low effective, will allow increasing employment and rendering of specialized services and tax proceeds to the budget of the enterprise. To implement the digitalization of motor transport enterprises, it is advisable to use existing management practices, taking into account the specifics of the study area. The optimization of marketing activities through the introduction of digitalization shows a significant positive effect on the economy of the transport sector. The research methods used are the search of the available methodological and scientific literature with analysis of the found material, elucidation of causal relationships, systematization, and analysis of documentation and results of researchers on the problem of the study. Theoretical and practical value of the study lies in the availability of theoretical material on the study, eliminated among other things in the process of finding information on the topic, and in the systematization of the material of the research direction. The conducted research has a deeper degree of analysis of the research direction, based on previous research of scientists, authors of dissertations and researchers of the research direction. It is established in the article that in the conditions of digitalization of motor transport business, active development of the Internet resources, growth of transport service providers and consumers, emergence of new sales channels, only science-intensive, highly productive activity of motor transport can become the basis and the main condition of its competitiveness in domestic and international markets of logistics services.
THE NATURE OF OPERATIONAL LEVERAGE AND METHOD OF ITS CALCULATION
Authors: Dobrovolska Olena , Dubrova Natalia
Published: April 2021

The logical result of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise is to make a profit as the basis of its development in the future. A large number of instruments are used to forecast profits, among which a prominent place is given to one of the important tools of financial management - operational leverage.
Operating leverage is the basic concept of CVP (Cost-Volume-Profit) analysis and allows us to calculate the level of growth or decline in profits in the planning period at existing costs and changes in sales. In domestic practice, the calculation of this indicator is based on financial statements, namely the Statement of financial performance (Statement of total income) form 2.
The estimated value of the degree of operating leverage shows how many percent will increase operating profit with increasing sales revenue. The use of this tool makes it possible to control fixed and variable costs, to plan profits as a whole for the enterprise and by type of product, to determine the break-even point and the margin of financial strength.
To ensure the constant growth of operating profit, the management of the enterprise is to pay considerable attention to cost management and production leverage (leverage), which gives a number of advantages, namely: increasing the competitiveness of both the company and individual products; saving resources, both material and financial, by managing costs; growth of the company's income due to the development of an effective pricing and credit policy, which will increase sales; to forecast the level of profit of the enterprise; choose a sales strategy for the company's products
Great importance is attached to management accounting and reporting. Since the amount of operating leverage is influenced by price, sales volume, variable and fixed costs, as well as their combination, timely data collection and processing will allow to make timely and operational management decisions on the operating activities of the enterprise. This method is easy to use and quite promising for the management of domestic companies. In combination with financial leverage, it allows you to estimate changes in net income of the enterprise, which uses borrowed capital when changes in sales revenue.
FINANCIAL CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN EMPLOYEES, OWNERS AND TOP MANAGERS OF CORPORATIONS
Authors: Yudina Svetlana , Kovalevskaya Alina , Matvienko Olga
Published: April 2021

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the current state of economic development is characterized by low wages of corporate workers, its non-compliance with labor standards, non-provision or reduction of social packages, etc., which benefits not only owners but sometimes top managers. Because an increase in employees' wages can lead to a decrease in managers' salaries and owners' profits.
Therefore, the aim of the article is to further develop theoretical issues to determine the causes of conflicts of interest between employees and owners and top managers of corporations and to determine the role of the state in their elimination.
The article considers the causes of financial conflicts between employees and owners, between employees and top managers who take the form of corporate conflicts. It is noted that with the formation of market economy and private ownership, the interests of the corporation's employees become the main element of the reproduction cycle, because effective work is the basis of sustainable development. The analysis of personnel costs and wages of employees by type of economic activity in Ukraine in the dynamics for 2010-2019 is carried out in tabular form. The schedule of dynamics of personnel costs and wages by types of economic activity for 2012-2019 is constructed and given and the equation of the trend is described, which describes the trends and allows to build a forecast.
To identify the causes of financial conflicts, the average annual and monthly wages for 2012–2019 were calculated and compared with the value added per employee in UAH. and the dollar equivalent. A graph of the dynamics of value added per 1 employee and wages per 1 employee by type of economic activity for 2012–2019 in USD is constructed and presented. USA and the trend equation is defined. The conclusion is formulated that the main reason for financial contradictions is a significant lag in the wages of the 1st employee from value added.
It is noted that in today's conditions the financial interests of employees can be protected only by the institution of independent trade unions, but this institution is only being formed in Ukraine. Therefore, the main role in protecting the economic interests of employees can be provided by the state in accordance with the implementation of the chosen socio - economic financial model.
The main directions of the policy of wage regulation in Ukraine in order to eliminate corporate conflicts between employees and owners, between employees and top managers are identified.
MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF LABOR MARKET MODELING AND FORECASTING
Authors: Naumova Maryna , Kudrych Yulia
Published: April 2021

The labor market is a dynamic system that requires constant monitoring and analysis. To determine the vector of activity of subjects of the labor market and information about market conditions, the need for modeling and forecasting key indicators of the labor market increases. No less important is the methodological collection, analysis and comparison of information related to the functioning of the labor market, forecasting and planning of market activities for further decision-making in management. In modern publications on economics, devoted to the analysis of the labor market, not enough attention is paid to studies that generally cover all methods of economic and mathematical modeling and management of the labor market. Most often, there are scientific works that are related only to control in a specific plane, where one or several methods are applied simultaneously. The publication highlights the main areas of labor market research and methods of economic and mathematical modeling, which are advisable to use in describing the state and dynamics of the sphere of labor relations. The main principles of economic and mathematical modeling in assessing the development of the labor market are highlighted: the consistency of forecasting, the correspondence of forecasting to modern scientific research, the adequacy of forecasts to real processes, the scenario nature of forecasts. The characteristics of economic, mathematical and statistical methods and models that can be used to manage the labor market are given. The paper presents a brief description and the possibility of applying in labor market research such methods as: the system analysis method, aggregate indexing, the indicative method, the comparison method, the assessment of external and internal factors, statistical methods based on the calculation of the standard deviation, variance, correlation coefficients and variations, statistical multivariate analysis, balance models, trend and time series analysis, correlation and regression analysis, simulation modeling, neural networks, sociological research, the method of expert estimates and others. The main software packages for the automation of the above methods are also systematized.
CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK
Authors: Kovalenko Roman
Published: April 2021

The current state of bilateral relations between Ukraine and the Kingdom of Denmark is determined. The structure and volume of trade relations between the countries are analyzed. It is established that the main share of bilateral trade and economic relations between the countries is international trade. Ukraine has a constant positive balance in service trade, the main of which are: services for processing material resources, services in the field of telecommunications, computer and information services, transportation services, business services. Imports of services is dominated by: transport services, business services, royalties and other services related to the use of intellectual property, telecommunications service, computer and information services and travel services. In bilateral trade in goods, volume of imports predominate over exports, and Danish imports are represented by goods such as: live products, inert gases with hydrogen, and minerals. In addition, imports include finished food products, textiles, as well as equipment and vehicles. The main part of Ukrainian merchandise exports consists of: cereals, textiles and furniture, clothing, machinery and nuclear reactors, as well as wood and wood products. Emphasis is placed on the development of investment cooperation between the countries. The dynamics, structure, volume and forecast of direct investment from Denmark into the economy of Ukraine are given. The most attractive areas for Danish investors are agriculture and fisheries, industry, textiles, clothing, leather, leather and other materials products, wholesale and retail. The one-sided nature of investment cooperation has been identified, which indicates the lack of interest of Ukrainian investors in economic projects in Denmark. Attention is paid to the support of the Kingdom of Denmark to Ukraine approaching European integration and full membership in the European Union. Promising areas of bilateral trade and economic cooperation are identified: military, scientific and technical, humanitarian, cultural. Emphasis is placed on the inconsistency of economic cooperation between Ukraine and the Kingdom of Denmark in their potential opportunities both in qualitative and quantitative terms.
Accounting for Spatial Heterogeneity Using Crowdsourced Data
Authors: Alattar Mohammad Anwar , Cottrill Caitlin , Beecroft Mark
Published: April 2021

Given the numerous benefits of active travel (human-powered transportation), in this paper, we argue that using crowdsourced data and a spatial heterogeneity treatment enhances the predictive performance of data modelling. Using such an approach thus increases the amount of insight that can be obtained to improve active travel decision-making. In particular, we model cyclists’ route choices using data on cycling trips and street network centralities obtained from Strava and OSMnx, respectively. It was found that: i) the number of cyclist trips is spatially clustered; and ii) the spatial error model exhibits a better predictive performance than spatial lag and ordinary least squares models. The results demonstrate the ability of the fine-grained resolution of crowdsourced data to provide more insights on active travel compared to traditional data.
ORGANIZATION CHARACTERISTICS: CAN THEY INFLUENCE THE CONSTRUCTION INNOVATION?
Authors: Seng Ng Weng , Hasnan Norlena , Mohtar Shahimi
Published: April 2021

Heavy constructions are increasingly becoming more complicated, demanding increased innovative methods, and greater technological advancement. The complexity of the industry, generally has been described as multi-faceted and highly fragmented with significant problems such as communication breakdown, conflicts, and disputes. The lack of organization characteristics can apparently limit the effort of the construction industries to adopt the technology and innovation. Hence, this paper aims to investigate to the influence of organization characteristics namely construction type, presence of trade unions, and professional and trade association affiliation towards the construction innovation. In order to achieve the research objectives, mail surveys have been conducted among the construction companies in Malaysia. A total of 703 questionnaire surveys were mailed to randomly selected construction companies that operating in Malaysia and registered as G7 contractor with CIDB. The number of returned usable surveys totaled 383, yielding an effective response rate of 54.4%. All the organizational characteristics proposed have been found to be positively correlated with construction innovation. Apart from suggesting the direction of future construction industry study, this paper is valuable in providing insights for the contractors in implementing innovative construction technologies that can be used to devise strategic marketing plans and ultimately for enjoyment of competitive advantages.
Chemometric Analysis of Serum Magnesium Calculations Using Mg-Xylidyl Blue-I Method Based on Molar Absorptivity
Authors: Kafesa Ally , Lutfi Nadira Nur Hajah , Wahyu Cep
Published: April 2021

The concentration of magnesium is determined based on the absorbance of the Mg-Xylydil Blue-I complex solution use spectrophotometer. Based on the Lambert-Beer rule, the calculation of sample concentration is based on the formula A = Ԑ. b. C. Generally, the thickness of the cuvette (b) and the molar absorptivity (Ԑ) factor will be ignored because it is considered to have a fixed value, therefore the sample concentration is measured based on the ratio of the absorbance of the sample against the standard solution. However, the standard solution contains pure magnesium and has a different matrix than the sample matrix, so this condition can give analytical errors and lead to misinterpretation of the results. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and the precision of serum magnesium calculation by the principle of the Mg- Xylydil Blue-I complex reaction based on molar absorptivity compared to the general method. This research uses comparative study design methods. The serum sample used was the patient's serum specimen who has a normal magnesium level. The results showed that the significance value of the paired t-test statistical was 0.000 (p < 0.05). The accuracy value (d%) of the calculation formula uses Ɛ is 0.00 and the precision value (CV%) is 0.53. While the accuracy value (d%) of the calculation formula without Ɛ is 0.00 and the precision value (CV%) is 0.38. Calculations based on molar absorptivity (Ɛ) can measure more significant serum magnesium than those calculated based on standard magnesium solutions.
Врегулювання криз в рамках спільної політики безпеки і оборони ЄС: історичний аспект та актуальність для України
Authors: Левчик В.В. , Клименко В.С, , Козинець І.П,
Published: April 2021

В статті розглянуто проведення Європейським Союзом операцій та місій, як ефективного механізму з врегулювання криз в рамках Спільної політики безпеки і оборони ЄС та перспективи залучення до них визначених сил та засобів Збройних Сил України. Починаючи з 1999 року, в рамках Спільної політики безпеки та оборони, ЄС реалізовує місії та операції на суші та в морі, мета яких — створення безпекового середовища. В статті досліджуються правові підстави і практичні можливості ЄС здійснювати миротворчу діяльність у всіх її формах в рамках Статуту ООН. Для України, у розрізі її європейської та євроатлантичної зовнішньої політики, дана проблематика є актуальною і важливою.
Ключові слова: Європейський Союз, Спільна політика безпеки та оборони, місії, операції, врегулювання криз, миротворча діяльність.
浅析生态住宅景观设计的探索与研究
Authors: 阮 成天
Published: April 2021

在社会快速发展的推动下，各个领域的发展进步都取得了良好的成绩，并且促进了民众生活质量的显著提升，在这种发展形势下人们对于生活环境提出了更高的要求。在人类发展进步的过程中，大量的资源被开发利用，从而导致生态环境被破坏的问题越发的严重，近年来地球表面温度不断提升，大量的资源都到了临近枯竭的状态，正是因为这些问题的存在，使得人们对人类生存与生态环境之间所存在的关联关系越发的关注，为了保证人类社会与生态环境能够保持和谐发展，那么就需要将生态理念渗透到各个领域之中。鉴于此，这篇文章主要针对生态住宅景观设计展开全面深入的分析研究，希望能够对我国社会健康稳定发展有所帮助。
沙颍河颍上一线船闸边墙砼裂缝成因及处理工艺研究
Authors: 胡 应苗 , 柳 金顶
Published: April 2021

沙颍河颍上一线船闸是沙颍河下游的第一个复航工程，但在实际施工过程中，船闸边墙由于施工缝处理不规范、温度变化等因素出现裂缝。基于此，文中对船闸边墙砼裂缝成因进行分析，重点研究相应的处理工艺，以期提高工程质量。
机械设计制造及其自动化中计算机技术的应用分析
Authors: 姜 九斤 , 许 磊
Published: April 2021

机械设计制造及其自动化是综合性较强的内容，在很大程度上推动着机械制造的自动化发展。文章通过分析机械设计制造及其自动化中计算机技术的具体应用，进一步分析了计算机技术在该领域中应用的未来发展方向。
建筑电气中的低压电气安装技术
Authors: 刘 仁胜
Published: April 2021

随着电力的应用越来越广泛，电气工程成为现阶段电力企业建筑中的重要内容，不断地满足社会发展的需求。但是科技的发展对电气工程的技术提出了更高的要求，在发展的过程当中需要不断强化电气工程的施工质量，对相关的技术进行强化。本篇文章对建筑电气的低压电气安装技术进行简要地分析并提出有效的策略以供参考。
公路桥梁施工中钻孔灌注桩的质量控制措施分析
Authors: 扶 庭阳
Published: April 2021

公路桥梁整体质量对于后期公路桥梁工程运行安全来说具有直接的硬性，钻孔灌注桩工艺作为基础施工的重要一环，其施工内容多，施工环境复杂，对此需要展开严格的质量控制与管理，从而提高桩基质量，为公路桥梁工程基础稳定性提供保证。本文对钻孔灌注桩技术应用及具体控制措施进行了深入探究，以供借鉴。
如何提高桥梁养护工程施工质量现场监管工作
Authors: 吴 澄
Published: April 2021

桥梁工程建设质量与行车安全有着直接的关系，桥梁工程在长期使用后会因为不同原因出现损坏问题，因此应强化养护工作并保证养护质量，因此在进行桥梁工程养护过程中应保证现场监管水平。
公路工程路基稳定性及影响因素研究
Authors: 段 正学
Published: April 2021

当前公路工程在人们生产和生活中带来的影响越来越大，人们出行所使用的交通工具越来越多，而这就导致了很多公路工程出现了超负荷的运行状态，由此也引发了一些路面问题出现。公路工程使用量的大幅度提高，使得人们对公路工程路基的稳定性予以了高度的重视，并且也提出了更高的要求。因为一旦公路稳定性出现问题，不仅会影响居民的正常出行，同时还可能会提高交通事故发生的概率，给国家经济发展也带来一定的负面影响，因此对公路工程路基稳定性予以高度重视是非常重要的。因此在本文中我们主要对公路工程中路基的稳定性进行了详细的分析，并且提出了影响路基稳定性的影响因素和解决措施，以供参考。
低时延高可靠性的5G承载网络挑战探究
Authors: 王 镇
Published: April 2021

随着我国信息技术的蓬勃发展，5G技术受到了社会的广泛关注。与此同时，5G承载网络面临着低时延、可靠性高的要求，而5G网络的时延与稳定性通常与原有网络相关联，因此，针对这种情况，相关技术人员需要结合5G网络的实际应用状况，探究与组网结构变化相关的问题，从而有效提高5G承载网络的低延时性和可靠性。基于此，本篇文章将分析5G承载网需求，提出提高5G承载网络使用性能的有效策略，以供参考。
地铁隧道自由设站变形监测起算点可用性分析
Authors: 王 姜凯
Published: April 2021

文章提出了一种“随机抽样一致性算法+迭代权估计法”的自由设站变形监测起算点可用性分析算法，并将其应用于地铁隧道位移监测项目中。实验结果表明，该算法所获得的变动点探测效果均稳定在良好水平，计算值误差相对较低，所以具备极高的实用性与可靠性。
Association of Haemoglobin A1c Level with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Non-diabetic Patients with Non-STSegment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Md Mamunuzzaman - , Ali Mahboob , Uddin Mir Jamal , Nabi Shaila , Karmoker Kajal Kumar , Razzaque Muhammed Aminur , Das Pinaki Ranjan , Masum Md Sazzad , Rashid Mohammad Bazlur , Romel Syed Mohammad Ali
Published: April 2021

Background: In nondiabetic patients with non-STsegment– elevation myocardial infarction, hyperglycemia may be associated with adverse outcome. Objective: To find out the association between HbA1c levels and the severity of coronary artery disease in non-diabetic patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was carried out at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, during the period from July, 2012 to May, 2013. This study was done with an aim to find out the association between the HbA1c level and the angiographic severity of coronary artery disease in patients with non-ST- elevation myocardial infarction without diabetes mellitus. A total of 170 patients with NSTEMI without diabetes mellitus who agreed to undergo coronary angiography were included in the study. Eighty five patients were selected having HbA1c <5.7% (Group I) and 85 patients were selected having HbA1c ranging from 5.7% to 6.4% (Group II). Severity of the Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) was assessed by angiographic vessel score, and Gensini score.

Results: The mean age of the studied patients was 51.0±9.0 years ranging from 30 to 80 years and male to female ratio was 4.5:1. The incidence of hypertension and level of RBS were significantly higher in group II than group I. The HbA1c level increased in accordance with the vessel score increment. There was a significant difference of the mean value of HbA1c among the vessel involvement groups. In this study mild CAD (scored”36) was significantly higher in group I and moderate to severe CAD (score>36) was significantly higher in group II according to Gensini score. This study showed a positive correlation between HbA1c and vessel score (r=0.47, p=0.01) and also between HbA1c and Gensini score (r=0.41, p=0.01).

Conclusion: Elevated HbA1c levels in non-diabetic non- ST- elevation myocardial infarction patients are associated with the severity of coronary artery disease.

Bangladesh Heart Journal 2020; 35(2) : 134-139
Medicolegal Issues in ENT Practice
Authors: Matin MA
Published: April 2021

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2021; 27(1): 1-3
Correlation of Ultrasonography Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology with Postoperative Histopathology in Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodule
Authors: Sayied Md Jaber Al , Choudhury A Allam , Bithi Sonia Jahan , Biswas Ashim Kumar , Majumder Riashat Azim , Razzak Md Abdur , Haque Md Hasanul , Md Quamruzzaman -
Published: April 2021

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is recommended as a decisive diagnostic step in the workup of patients with nodular thyroid disease. Unfortunately, FNAC can miss malignancies in smaller and deeper nodule. Ultrasound guided FNAC (US-FNAC) can reduce this error in suspicious thyroid nodule.
Objectives: To find out the correlation of USG guided FNAC with postoperative histopathology in diagnosis of thyroid nodule.
Methods: After obtaining clearance and approval from Institutional Review Board, all 45 patients of thyroid nodule who were admitted in the Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck surgery of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from April 2017 to August 2018 and had fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study. Each patient was assessed before surgery by USG guided FNAC and post operatively by histopathology.
Results: In this study mean age of the respondents was 33.33 yearswith SD±10.84. Male female ration was 1:5.4. USG guided FNAC was reported by ‘The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology’ (TBS-RTC).Of the 45 specimens 2 samples were nondiagnostic or unsatisfactory (Class I), 26 samples were benign (Class II), 2 samples were showing Atypia of Undetermined Significance or Follicular lesion of Undetermined Significance (Class III), 6 were showing follicular neoplasm or suspicious for a follicular neoplasm (Class IV), 5 samples were suspicious for malignancy (Class V) and 4 samples were positive for malignancy (Class VI). On comparison of ultrasound guided FNAC with histopathology the sensitivity for correct diagnosis was 94%, specificity was 93%, positive predictive value was 88%, negative predictive value was 96% and accuracy was 93%. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.85 which is very strong for positive relationship.
Conclusion: USG guided FNAC is the most accurate method for diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2021; 27(1): 36-43
Surgical Outcome of Parapharyngeal Tumour
Authors: Salam Kazi Shameemus , Quadir Samia , Uddin Md Momin , Razib Syed Farhan Ali , Sattar Md Abdus , Uddin Md Mosleh , Siddiquee Belayat Hossain
Published: April 2021

Background: Parapharyngeal tumours are rare accounting for 0.5-1.5% of all head neck tumuors. The anatomy of the Parapharyngeal space (PPS) is responsible for a wide variety of tumours arising from PPS.
Objective: Evaluation of the strategy for parapharyngeal tumor surgery based on preoperative symptoms, clinical signs, imaging investigations and histopathology.
Methodology: This retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck surgery in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) included 32 patients were underwent surgery for primary parapharyngeal tumors between January 2018 and December 2019. Informed written consent was obtained from the patients prior to their inclusion in the study. In regard to histologic type there were 21 cases salivary gland origin tumors and 11 of neurogenic tumors. The following data were evaluated preoperative symptoms, histological type, surgical approach and complications patients were evaluated following a laboratory investigations.
Results: The most common symptoms of these tumors were a neck swelling. Total of 18 tumors were located in the prestyloid and poststyloid space cases were located 10(31.25%) and 4(12.50%) in the pre and poststyloid. Majority 12(37.50%) was found pleomorphic adenomaof deep lobe of parotid gland followed by 6(18.75%) were schwannoma,4(12.50%) were neurofibroma, 3(9.38%) were ectopic salivary gland tumor,2(6.25%) were mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 2(6.25%) were adenocarcinoma. First bite syndrome and lower lip palsy were common post operative complications. Transcervical approach was the most often performed approach in this study (56.25%).
Conclusion: Parapharyngeal tumours most often derived from parotid gland. Most of them are non-malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma is the more common. Surgical resection being the main stay of treatment. Tumours of this complex anatomy call for careful preoperative planning and great skill for selecting the right approach and for management with minimal morbidity and recurrence.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2021; 27(1): 66-72
Prescribers Perception on Drug Promotional Literatures in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Prasad Pravin , Mudvari Anish , Ghimire Rakesh , Karki Naresh , Yadav Dipendra , Shah Shruti , Gyanwali Pradip
Published: April 2021

Background: Drug promotional literatures can often be misleading and have biased information and can contribute to irrational use of medicines. Thus, it is necessary that prescribers critically analyze the drug promotional literatures presented to them. This study attempts to understand if the prescribers at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital are aware about the necessary information that should be present in a drug promotional literature.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over six months in which prescribers at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital were provided with the self-administered questionnaire and were requested to submit the filled in questionnaire. Prescribers presently working at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, attending out patient department services and had received drug promotional literatures within last six months were included in this study. Results: During the study, 163 of the received questionnaires met the inclusion criteria and were utilized for analysis. Advertisement, reminder items and others type of drug promotional literatures were commonly received by prescribers included in our study. Higher proportion of faculties (35.29%) preferred reprint type of drug promotional literatures. Most of the participants (47.85%) searched for 5-8 WHO-Ethical Criteria for Medicinal Drug Promotion criteria when referring a drug promotional literature. It was seen that 42.94% of prescribers realised that at least two out of four types of information related to negative attribute of the promoted medicines were missing.Conclusions: The prescribers with least duration of clinical exposure are more likely to always prescribe the medicines promoted to them. Prescribers were more confident on claims made in drug promotional literatures if they were supported using scientific evidences.Keywords: Drug promotional literatures; prescriber perception;WHO-ECMDP
Pengaruh Kualitas Jasa Dan Pelayanan Prima Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Pada PT. Deli Mega Valutindo
Authors: Purba Eliakim , Kusnady Diding
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh dari Kualitas Jasa dan Pelayanan Prima terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen pada PT. Deli Mega Valutindo. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif, unit analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah PT. Deli Mega Valutindo  serta unit observasinya adalah pelanggan pada PT. Deli Mega Valutindo. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pelanggan pada PT. Deli Mega Valutindo sebanyak 354 perusahaan. Teknik penentuan jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rumus slovin dan berjumlah sebanyak 78 responden. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan yang dilakukan secara sistematik berdasarkan tujuan penelitian. Metode analisis yang digunakan untuk memecahkan permasalahan dan membuktikan hipotesis adalah dengan analisis deskriptif, analisis regresi. Analisis ini mencakup: validitas dan realiabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi berganda, pengujian hipotesis melalui uji t dan F, dan uji koefisien determinasi (R2). Dari analisis tersebut diperoleh analisis regresiY = 1,208 + 0,210X1+ 0,408X2+ e Hasil uji koefisien determinasi (R2) menunjukkan bahwa 54,3% variable Kepuasan Konsumen dipengaruhi oleh variable Kualitas Jasa dan Pelayanan Prima, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 45,7% dijelaskan oleh pengaruh faktor lain atau variabel di luar model seperti pelayanan, nilai pelanggan dan lainnya yang tidak dibahas di dalam penelitian ini. Hasil uji F menunjukkan bahwa Fhitung>Ftabelyaitu 44,565 > 3.12 yang berarti variable bebas (Kualitas Jasa dan Pelayanan Prima) secara serempak berpengaruh terhadap variable terikat (Kepuasan Konsumen). Sedangkan uji t menunjukkan bahwa variable Kualitas Jasa berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen pada PT. Deli Mega Valutindo dimanathitung 2,927 >ttabel 1.665 dan variable Pelayanan Prima berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen pada PT. Deli Mega Valutindo  dimana thitung 6,926 >ttabel 1.665.
Öğretmenlik Uygulaması Dersi Kapsamında Karşılaşılan Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: YILDIRIM YAKAR Züleyha , UZUN Emine , TEKEREK Betül
Published: April 2021

Araştırmanın amacı öğretmenlik uygulaması dersi sürecinde öğretmen adayları, uygulama öğretim elemanı, uygulama öğretmeni, uygulama okulu koordinatörü ve uygulama okulu müdürünün birbirleri ile ilgili yaşadıkları sorunları ve çözüm önerilerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 2017-2018 Eğitim-Öğretim yılında bir devlet üniversitesinde Sınıf Öğretmenliği ve Fen Bilgisi Öğretmenliği Lisans Programının son sınıfında öğrenim gören toplam 19 öğretmen adayı ve öğretmenlik uygulaması dersi kapsamında görevlendirilen 8 uygulama öğretmeni, 4 uygulama öğretim elemanı, 4 uygulama okulu koordinatörü ve 4 uygulama okulu müdürü oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırma nitel araştırma modeli olan bir durum çalışması olup verilerin toplanmasında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda öğretmenlik uygulaması dersi kapsamında ilgili tarafların birbirlerine karşı birçok noktada görev ve sorumluluklarını tam olarak yerine getiremedikleri anlaşılmıştır. Araştırmada ayrıca yaşanan sorunlara yönelik katılımcıların çözüm önerilerine de yer verilmiştir.
Projetos FTTH utilizando a ferramenta de georeferenciamento Autocad
Authors: Oliveira Ana Paula Benicio da Silva , Maciel Kilbert Amorim , Magalhães Amarilton Lopes , Menezes José Wally Mendonça
Published: April 2021

Atualmente a população de Salitre/CE enfrenta vários problemas de conexão à internet, isso se dá devido ao fato de que os provedores locais não conseguem atender adequadamente todos os usuários, seja por saturação na rede, tecnologias mais antigas ou até mesmo por uma rede mal dimensionada. Diante deste cenário, este projeto tem como objetivo construir uma rede GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network), com arquitetura da tecnologia FTTX para cidade de Salitre que com o uso de fibra óptica é possível oferecer uma rede de qualidade que atenda um maior número de usuários. O planejamento do projeto de rede na cidade de Salitre terá a capacidade de atender 1.632 acessos através do uso das fibras ópticas que a rede passiva nos oferece com ajuda do software AutoCad Map, utilizando sistema georeferenciado para auxílio no posicionamento dos elementos da rede GPON, com um custo previsto de R$174.138,32.
Limitações no pós-infarto agudo do miocárdio e repercussões na qualidade de vida do paciente
Authors: Nammur Amanda Costa De Marchi , Farias Tiago Bruno Carneiro de , Lima Ricardo Luiz de Medeiros , Sousa Milena Nunes Alves de
Published: April 2021

As doenças cardiovasculares são consideradas a principal causa de óbito nos países desenvolvidos e são responsáveis por deixar limitações em pacientes sobreviventes a ela, o que repercute de forma considerável na qualidade de vida (QV), no prognóstico e na saúde deles. Desse modo, objetiva-se analisar as limitações provocadas pelo Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio (IAM) e as repercussões na QV desses pacientes. Para isso, desenvolveu-se esta revisão sistemática, que reuniu evidências disponíveis em plataformas de busca como a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Medical Publisher (PubMed) e a Semantic Scholar. Foram usados os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) “myocardial infarction”, “quality of life” e “limitation of activity, chronic” combinados com operador booleano “AND” para a busca, além do filtro para compreender resultados dos últimos 10 anos (2011-2021). Por fim, realizou-se longa triagem para incluir achados mais pertinentes que respondessem à pergunta PICO, resultando em 26 publicações. Dentre os achados principais dos artigos, destacam-se alterações principalmente nas dimensões de atividades habituais, funções físicas, mobilidade, dor e ansiedade/depressão, sendo reflexos da presença de limitações como a fadiga, angina, dispneia, sintomas de transtornos de estresse pós-traumático, disfunção erétil, limitações laboratoriais e financeiras. Os pacientes pós-IAM com mais limitações, apresentaram menor QV, podendo ser visto como um fator preditivo para aumento das chances de recidiva e da mortalidade. É importante que profissionais da saúde tenham conhecimento e atuem nesse ciclo patológico com intervenções individualizadas, visando a sobrevida e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
Implementation of a training protocol on intrauterine device insertion for resident physicians
Authors: Okano Sérgio Henrique Pires , Felipe Bruna Maria Bonatti da Silva , Braga Giordana Campos
Published: April 2021

Objective: To implement a training protocol on intrauterine device (IUD) insertion for resident physicians to improve women’s access to this method. Methods: The staff identified poor access to family planning, in Vila Lobato health center, specially to IUD, there were only 15 IUD insertions in 2015. This implementation research evaluated and identified the barriers of access to IUD use. Then, stakeholders and staff defined the access flow of patients to the health unit and, eventually, the training provided to resident physicians in gynecology and obstetrics (GO) and family medicine (FM). This is a retrospective cohort of the IUD insertions performed by residents between 2016 and 2018.  Results : 252 copper IUDs were inserted from 2016 to 2018 and there was a progressive increase in the number of insertions (45 in 2016, 80 in 2017, and 126 in 2018). Thirty-four (16.4%) inadequate insertions and 15 (8.6%) expulsions were observed. There was no case of uterine perforation. Conclusion:  The implementation of the protocol on IUD insertion for residents in the primary care setting increased the local number of IUD insertion and might be a strategy to improve the access to the contraceptive method.
Different functional responsibility of the small intestine to high-fat/high-energy diet determined the expression of obesity-prone and obesity-resistant phenotypes in rats
Authors: Šefčíková Z , Hájek T , Lenhardt Ľ , Raček Ľ , Mozeš Š
Published: April 2021

The objective of the present experiment was to assess the
involvement of small intestine in expression of susceptibility or
resistance to the high-fat/high-energy diet. The investigation was
carried out in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats fed either standard
laboratory diet (3.2 kcal/g, 9.5 % fat) or high-fat (HF) diet (4.04
kcal/g, 30 % fat) for 4 weeks as well as in HF rats that were
retrospectively designated on the bases of their higher or lower
weight gain as sensitive (DIO) or resistant (DR) to obesity. Our
results revealed in HF group significant increase in energy intake,
food efficiency, weight gain and Lee´s index of obesity.
Moreover, in comparison with controls, a significantly increased
duodenal and jejunal alkaline phosphatase (AP) and
α-glucosidase activity as well as hypertrophy of jejunal mucosa
(increased protein/DNA ratio) were observed in HF fed rats. In
contrast, intestinal function was inversely related to energy
intake or to the development of adiposity in DIO vs. DR rats. The
DR rats had significantly greater AP and α-glucosidase activity
and more pronounced suppression of energy intake than obese
DIO rats. It indicates that the increase of enzyme activities and
the lowered effectiveness of nutrient absorption might be a
significant factor preventing the expression of obesity proneness.
This information contributes to a better understanding of
a complex interaction between HF diet feeding and small
intestinal adaptability, which determines the energy homeostasis
and predict the ability to resist or develop obesity in these
phenotypes.
Adiponectin as a potential marker of prostate cancer progression: studies in organ-confined and locally advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Housa D , Vernerová Z , Heráček J , Procházka B , Čechák P , Kuncová J , Haluzík M
Published: April 2021

Serum levels of adiponectin were measured in patients with
benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer of pT2 and pT3
stage. Adiponectin ELISA assay, immunohistochemistry, and
selected metabolic and biochemical parameters measurement
was performed in 25 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
and 43 with prostate cancer (17 patients with organ-confined and
26 patients with locally advanced disease). Serum adiponectin
levels did not differ between prostate benign hyperplasia and
cancer clinical stage T2, but was significantly higher in pT3
relative to pT2 group (14.51±4.92 vs. 21.41±8.12, P = 0.003).
Tissue immunohistochemistry showed enhanced staining in
neoplastic prostate glands and intraepithelial neoplasia relative to
benign prostatic hyperplasia without distinction between disease
grade and stage. Serum adiponectin levels are higher in locally
advanced relative to organ-confined prostate cancer and may
thus serve as an auxiliary marker providing further improvement
for discrimination between pT2 and pT3 stages.
Targeted deletion of MMP-9 attenuates myocardial contractile dysfunction in heart failure
Authors: Moshal KS , Rodriguez WE , Sen U , Tyagi SC
Published: April 2021

Chronic volume overload (VO) on the left ventricle (LV)
augments redox stress and activates matrix metalloproteinase
(MMP) which causes the endocardial endothelial-myocyte (EM)
disconnection leading to myocardial contractile dysfunction.
VO-induced MMP-9 activation impairs cardiac functions, in part
by endothelial endocardial apoptosis, but the role of MMP-9 on
EM functions remains obscure. We conjecture that chronic VO
activates MMP-9 and causes EM uncoupling. Arteriovenous
fistula (AVF) was created in genetically identical wild type (WT)
mice (FVB/NJ) and MMP-9 knockout mice (MMP-9KO, FVB.CgMMP9tm1Tvu/J). Sham-operated mice were used as controls.
Before experimentation the phenotype analysis of MMP-9KO
mice was carried out. In-gel-gelatin zymography for MMP-9
activation was performed on LV homogenates. The EM
functions were determined on LV rings using tissue myobath.
We report a decrease in MMP-9 activity in left ventricular
myocardial extracts in MMP-9 deficient mice after AVF. The
responses to drugs affecting cardiac functions (acetylcholine
(Ach), nitroprusside and bradykinin) were attenuated in AVF
mice suggesting the impairment of EM coupling. Interestingly,
the EM functions were restored in the MMP-9 deficient mice
after AVF. We suggest a direct cause-and-effect relationship
between MMP-9 activation and EM uncoupling in LV
myocardium after chronic VO and the possible involvement of
MMP-9 in myocardial contractile performance.
Plasma procalcitonin in patients with ileus: relations to other inflammatory parameters
Authors: Maruna P , Fraško R , Gürlich R
Published: April 2021

Plasma procalcitonin (PCT) is a highly specific marker for the
diagnosis of bacterial infections and sepsis. PCT levels are usually
low in viral infections, chronic inflammation or postsurgical
states. The purpose of this study was to characterize PCT plasma
levels in patients with various types of ileus at preoperative
stage, where the other inducing factors suchas a surgical stress
are excluded. The prospective study was performed on 54
patients admitted to in-patient surgical department with a proven
diagnosis of ileus. Patients were divided to three groups –
obstructive, vascular and paralytic ileus. Plasma levels of PCT
(Kryptor analysis), TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, cortisol (ELISA) and CRP
(Kryptor ultrasensitive analysis) were estimated before any
invasive procedure was realized. We demonstrated significant
elevation of PCT in both obstructive ileus in adhesions and
vascular ileus compared with healthy subjects (p<0.01). PCT
levels were not elevated in paralytic ileus. The regression
coefficient was the highest for PCT and CRP (r=0.78, p<0.01), for
TNFα and IL-8 (r=0.76, p<0.01) in vascular ileus. There was no
significant correlation between PCT and other inflammatory
parameters. The different types of ileus induce an elevation of
plasma PCT levels and PCT shows itself as an acute phase
reactant. The highest PCT concentrations were presented in
patients with vascular ileus, whereas paralytic ileus revealed
similar cytokine and PCT pattern as in healthy subjects. Plasma
PCT estimation extended to a measurement of CRP and IL-6 may
become a useful complementary examination for diagnostics of
acute abdomen in patients.
Response, Irradiated
Authors: Cassels Imogen
Published: April 2021

Responding to Clive Scott's ‘Vocativity and Dialogue in the Process of Reading for Translation’, this essay centres on Scott's expansive definitions for prosody as both condition and direction for a translator's progress. Taking what Scott terms an ‘irradiation of the spirit’ as a key facilitates both an understanding of a text's projected half-lives through time, and potential for radical semantic decay, but also the expression of translation as an act of or with faith, an intimate and involved solidarity with the lived experience of reading and of being read.
ANALISA PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN BEGISTING SISTEM KUMKANG DENGAN BEGISTING SEMI KONVENSIONAL PADA GEDUNG BERTINGKAT
Authors: Moch. Khamim  , Sugeng Riyanto  , Mohamad Zenurianto
Published: April 2021

Perencanaan acuan dan perancah pada proyek Apartemen Begawan Malang memiliki tiga pilihan alternatif antara lain metode konvesional, semi sistem dan sistem (KUMKANG). Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan tiga alternatif pekerjaan acuan dan perancah dari sisi kekuatan material, waktu, dan biaya. Tahapan dalam melakukan penelitian yaitu : Pemilihan metode pelaksanaan balok, plat, dan kolom yang sesuai, perhitungan biaya, sehingga dapat dibandingkan dari segi biaya. Perhitungan durasi di dapat perbandingan durasi waktu pengerjaan. Dari segi biaya bekisting plat balok, Semi Konvensional lebih murah 25 % dari Sistem Kumkang . Sedangkan dari segi waktu, Sistem Kumkang lebih cepat 80 hari dari Semi Konvensional. Sedangkan untuk bekisting kolom, dari segi biaya metode panel baja tiga kali lipat lebih murah dari metode semi sistem. Dari segi waktu, metode panel baja lebih cepat 90 hari dari metode semi sistem