bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The condition of periodontal tissues in teenagers and young adults who smoke
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Lisetska I.S.
Published: July 2022

The effect of smoking on the human body is multifactorial, due to chemical carcinogens, ionizing radiation, thermal, toxic, irritating and general resorption action. Thus, the question of studying the effect of smoking on the condition of periodontal tissues in teenagers and young adults is relevant. Purpose - to study the effect of harmful smoking habits on the condition of periodontal tissues in teenagers and young adults. Materials and methods. The dental status of 114 adolescents and young people (from 15 to 24 years old) was studied, which were divided into groups: group I involved 26 people who regularly smoke traditional cigarettes; to the second group - 22 people who regularly smoke electronic cigarettes (Vapi); to group III - 23 people who regularly smoke tobacco heaters (IQOS); to group IV - 43 people without a bad habit of smoking. The prevalence of periodontal diseases, OHI-S index, PMA index, PBI index was established. Results. It was found that the prevalence of periodontal disease averaged 72.36%. In the subjects of group I - the OHI-S index was equal to 1.77±0.02 points, in the subjects of group II - 1.53±0.01 points, in the subjects of group III - 1.46±0.02 points, in the subjects of group IV groups - 0.87±0.03 points. In persons of group I the value of the PMA index was 38.6±3.26%, in persons of group II - 33.7±2.52%, in persons of group III - 31.6±1.84%, in persons of group IV - 22.8±2.73%. The bleeding index of PBI in persons of group I was 1.18±0.02 points, in persons of group II - 1.43±0.03 points, in persons of group III - 1.39±0.02 points, in persons of group IV - 1.27±0.01 points. Conclusions. The study found a negative effect of bad smoking habits on the condition of periodontal tissues in teenagers and young adults. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the author. Key words: teenagers, young adults, prevalence of periodontal diseases, OHI-S hygiene index, PMA, PBI, smoking.
Modern view on the nutrition of children with cystic fibrosis
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kurilina T.V. , Marushko T.V. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Pysariev A.O. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Hliadielova N.P. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Taranenko T.V. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Lazarenko I.F. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: July 2022

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive, life-shortening disease in which generalized exocrine gland involvement occurs with predominantly pancreatic insufficiency, airway obstruction, and progressive lung involvement. Due to pancreatic insufficiency, malabsorption and malnutrition are observed in patients. The close attributive association of CF with nutritional status and adverse clinical outcomes determines a thorough assessment of the nutritional status, individual management and monitoring of all children with CF. Attainment of optimal physical development and adequate nutrition in patients with CF is currently possible through early diagnosis and aggressive nutritional medical therapy. Medical dietary interventions are aimed at ensuring normal growth and preventing of malnutrition, thus will upgrade the prognosis and quality of life of pediatric patients with CF. The reasons for the development of malnutrition in CF, specific screening tools for monitoring the growth of ill children, criteria for stratifying children into nutritional risk groups are reviewed in the lection. The procedure for calculating energy needs, taking into account activity, the severity of the disease and pancreatic insufficiency is presented. Attention is drawn to the ratio of macronutrients and the need to consume energy-dense and nutrient-rich foods. The prescription of medical nutritional therapy with the inclusion of special foods for medical purposes (clinical nutrition) to meet increased energy requirements and avoid the consumption of energy-dense but nutrient-poor foods also is discussed. It is meaningful to involve into a multidisciplinary team of a psychologist who can on a regular basis correct eating behavior and promote compliance with nutritional recommendations in order to achieve optimal physical development of patients. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Key words: cystic fibrosis, children, malnutrition, medical nutrition therapy.
EXPERIMENTAL FINDING OF YOUNG’S MODULUS OF A WELD BOX GIRDER MADE OF STEEL 09Г2С
Authors: Ryagin S.
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Experimental finding of Young’s modulus values of the specimen of steel 09Г2С with weld longitudinal arrangement and of the basic metal, which is used for box girder manufacturing, by means of non-electrical strain measurement under various loads. Comparison of the received results among themselves and with data of references.

Methods of research. Experiment, strain measurement, least-squares technique.

Results. Several metal strips of steel 09Г2С arranged crosswisely have been welded for making of a specimen. The specimen of steel 09Г2С with weld longitudinal arrangement and rectangular cross-section has been produced of the received detail by milling with cooling. Tests have been executed on calibrated equipment for finding of Young’s modulus values of the weld and of the basic metal. Strains have been measured by Huggenberger tensometer during experiment. Experimental results have been processed by least-squares technique. The received results have been compared among themselves and with data of references. It has been found out, that Young’s modulus values of the basic metal on all references are comparable, but differ one from another. Young’s modulus values of the weld differ essentially. Weld Young’s modulus is a little bigger than basic metal Young’s modulus according to experimental data of other author. Weld Young’s modulus is a little smaller than basic metal Young’s modulus according to the received experimental data. This difference can be explained, in particular, by different ways of production of specimens for finding of weld Young’s modulus.

Scientific novelty. Young’s modulus values of the specimen of steel 09Г2С with weld longitudinal arrangement has been experimentally found by means of mechanical strain measurement under various loads and with result processing by least-squares technique.

Practical value. Experimentally found Young’s modulus values of the weld of the basic metal are necessary at physical and mathematical modelling of a stress state of a box girders of steel 09Г2С.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF NICKEL-CONTAINING STEEL STRUCTURES DURING MECHANIZED WELDING-SURFACING WITH MODIFIED (DOSED) ELECTRODE WIRE FEEDING
Authors: Lebedev V. , Zuck G. G. , Brykov M.
Published: July 2022

Purpose. To study and analyze in a comparative order the influence of factors of the controlled pulse process of electrode wire supply on some basic mechanical characteristics of seams and welded rollers in the processes of welding and surfacing of nickel-containing steels.

Methods of research. The study the mechanical characteristics of seams and welded rollers was carried out using modern laboratory equipment and appropriate techniques. This made it possible to determine how the pulse feed parameters affect the strength characteristics of the weld and near the weld zone over the entire cross-sectional area of the weld or weld layer. Detailed characteristics of feed pulses were determined using a welding process analyzer to obtain oscillograms of power parameters of arc combustion with their analysis, including determining the stability of the arc process for different types of pulses. Important for the improvement of welding results is the controlled nature of the electrode metal transfer synchronous with the pulsed movement of the electrode. It is noted that the energy consumption of the arc process during the pulse supply of the electrode wire with an indication of its reduction compared to traditional welding.

Experimental work was performed using a special electrode wire, which is usually used for welding and surfacing of nickel-containing steels. These processes were carried out in a protective environment of CO2 in automatic mode.

Results. Due to the fact that the strength characteristics of the weld are among the most important, attention is paid to their definition and analysis. The strength characteristics depend on many parameters, in particular the thermal characteristics of the process, the structure of the weld metal, the presence of non-metallic inclusions and so on. All these factors were studied with the help of appropriate instruments, and on the basis of numerous comparative photos of microstructures on sections of the cross section. The analysis of the sections revealed the types of microstructures obtained, the presence of inclusions and more. It is determined, in particular, that the structure of weld metal in pulsed electrode wire welding differs significantly from the structure of traditional welding in reducing inclusions, finer grains, etc., which improves the mechanical properties of the weld and seam area.

Scientific novelty. Based on a series of experimental studies, the use of pulse algorithms for the movement of the electrode wire with certain parameters in automatic mode for welding and surfacing of nickel-containing steels to improve the mechanical properties of seams and welded rollers.

Practical value. It is determined that the method of pulse welding of electrode wire to the controlled variant, including nickel-containing steels is effective and can be widely used in industry using specially designed equipment that provides a suitable process with stronger characteristics.
IMPROVEMENT IN DURABILITY OF WELDED DRUMS COMPRESSOR ROTORS BY TREATMENT IN FLUDIZED BED OF ABRASIVE MATERIAL
Authors: Kachan О. , Ulanov S.
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Improvement in durability of welded drums of compressor rotors of the gas turbine engines by treatment in fluidized bed of abrasive material.

Methods of research. The investigations were carried out on the welded drums of rotors of high pressure compressor (HPC) of the D-36 aero engine. The drums were treated in the fluidized bed of abrasive material of the АПС-600 installation without the nozzles and with the use of special air-blast nozzles.

Test specimens for checking durability were cut of HPC stages 1 and 4 discs after carrying out various machining processes.

Durability testing of test specimens cut of HPC stage 4 disc was carried out at the УМЭ-1 ТМ machine at temperature  Т = 400 °С.

Durability testing of test specimens cut of HPC stage 1 disc was carried out at the ЭДЦ-20 machine at temperature Т = 20 °С.

Results. It was found that averaged cyclic life of the test specimens made of titanium alloy ВТ-9, treated in the fluidized bed of abrasive material being a part of the drum with the use of air-blast nozzles, is 2.2 times higher than the averaged cyclic life of the test specimens treated in the fluidized bed of abrasive material without the use of air-blast nozzles at temperature Т = 400 °С.

When treating the drum of the HPC rotor in the fluidized bed of abrasive material without the use of air-blast nozzle, better treatment of the bottom of the slot and corners of its end faces is ensured.

Low-temperature annealing of the drum at temperature Т = 550 °С is preferable than at Т = 750 °С, since cyclic life of the test specimens annealed at Т = 550 °С is somewhat higher.

Annealing at Т = 750 °С removes completely strengthening effect obtained by treatment in the fluidized bed of abrasive material.

Successive treatment of the disc as a part of the drum in the fluidized bed restores its durability to the initial state.

Scientific novelty. It was demonstrated that treatment of the welded drums of the compressor rotors in the fluidized bed of abrasive material with the use of special air-blast nozzles improves the quality of treatment and cyclic life if compared to the treatment without air-blast nozzles.

Annealing temperature for the compressor rotor drum, which ensures high average cyclic life, was established.

Practical value. There were offered technological procedure and modes of treatment of the welded drums of the HPC of the D-36 aero engine in the fluidized bed of abrasive material with the use of special air-blast nozzles, ensuring durability 2.2 times higher than without the use of the air-blast nozzles.
THE STUDY OF THE PECULIARITIES OF THE MECHANIZED ELECTRIC ARC CLADDING WITH PERIODIC VARIATION OF THE MODES OF THE PROCESS
Authors: Lebedev V. , Tishchenko V. , Brykov M.
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Research of the influence of modulation of arc processes on characteristics of clad metal with revealing the dependences of chemical composition and geometrical dimensions of the clad metal on the modulation parameters, as well as the development of mathematical models of these dependences with the purpose of predicting the results of modulation to improve the quality of deposited layers.

Methods of research. Well-known methods of surfacing metal research were used:

spectral analysis of metal composition, metallographic analysis of the obtained samples of cross-sections of the cladding rolls. Special computerized programs were used to measure geometric dimensions of the roll. Methods of regression analysis were used in order to obtain generalized mathematical models of dependencies of chemical elements and geometrical dimensions on modulation parameters.

Results. In the process of research with electric-arc cladding of electrode flux-cored self-shielded wire, generalized results of dependences of carbon, chromium and boron content, width, amplification and penetration of cross-sectional area on the frequency and modulation duty cycle of electric-arc process parameters were obtained. Method of mathematical description of modulation effect on chemical composition and shape of the weld bead was developed.

Scientific novelty. It was suggested to carry out estimation of the results by applying mathematical models when carrying out the electric arc process with periodic change of power parameters of current surfacing due to controlling the electric drive of the electrode wire feeding mechanism and also with change of voltage when controlling the output voltage of the welding current source. 

Practical value. A set of studies concerning the effects of modulation of power parameters of the welding process using an original development of the modulator allows, based on relatively simple systems of automatic and mechanized equipmen makes it possible, to obtain a controlled process of influence on the characteristics of the fused metal with their improvement for the implementation in industrial production.
Identifying Co-occurring Disorders Among Patients With an Opioid-involved Hospital Encounter Using National Hospital Care Survey Data
Authors: Brown Amy , White Donielle , Adams Nikki , O’Jiaku-Okorie Adaeze , Badwe Rihem , Shaikh Salah , Adegboye Adewumi
Published: July 2022

This report documents the development of the 2016 National Hospital Care Survey Co-occurring Disorders Algorithm, which can be used to identify patients with an opioid-involved hospital encounter who had lifetime diagnoses of both a substance use disorderand a selected mental health issue.
Randomized Machine Learning and Forecasting of Nonlinear Dynamic Models Applied to SIR Epidemiological Model
Authors: Popkov Alexey , Dubnov Yuri , Popkov Yuri
Published: July 2022

We propose an approach to estimation of the parameters of non-linear dynamic models using the concept of Randomized Machine Learning (RML), based on the transition from deterministic models to random ones (with random parameters), followed by estimation of the probability distributions of parameters and noises on real data. The main feature of this method is its efficiency in conditions of a small amount of real data. The paper considers models formulated in terms of ordinary differential equations, which are converted to a discrete form for setting and solving the problem of entropy optimization. The application of the proposed approach is demonstrated on the problem of predicting the total number of infected COVID-19 using adynamic SIR epidemiological model. To do this, we construct a randomized SIR model (R-SIR) with one parameter, the entropy-optimal estimate of which is realized by its probability density function, as well as the probability density functions of the measurement noise at the points where training is performed. Next, the technique of randomized prediction with noise filtering is applied, based on the generation of the corresponding distributions and the construction of an ensemble of predictive trajectories with the calculation of the trajectory averaged over the ensemble. The paper implements a computational experiment using real operational data on the infection cases in the form of a comparative study with a well-known method for estimating model parameters based on the least squares method. The results obtained in the experiment demonstrate a significant decrease in the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) with respect to real observations in the forecast interval, which shows the efficiency of the proposed method and its effectiveness in problems of the type considered in the work.
The “Digital Generation” is Learning to Read: Linguistic Factors of Eye Movement Parameters of Russian Schoolchildren of the 1st – 3rd Grades
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Puchkova Alexandra , Lebedeva Maria ,   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Laposhina Antonina ,   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute
Published: July 2022

The level of reading literacy of the modern "digital generation" is an acute and significant topic. To explore this problem in dynamics it is necessary to objectively record the parameters of reading skills development in modern children. The article presents the results of an experimental study of the reading mechanism of elementary school students, performed using eye tracking. Fifty-three pupils in grades 1–3 of Moscow schools participated in the experiment, with real texts from Russian textbooks as stimulus material. Eye movements were recorded while reading texts from the screen, and after each text a comprehension question was asked. The results indicated a direct correlation between oculomotor characteristics and reading skill. From grade 1 to grade 3, the duration and number of fixations, amplitude duration, and reading time for both word and letter decreased, while the number of words with one or missing fixation increased. There was also a grade-independent effect of word length and word frequency factors on reading speed and oculomotor activity for students in all grades. Both factors had a significant effect on reading time, the average fixation duration was more sensitive to the frequency factor than to the word length factor, while word length alone influenced the first fixation duration.
The Impact of Transmedia Processes on the Linguistic Personality of the Web Communicant
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Trofimova Galina , Savastenko Roman ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Chesnokova Natalia ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the problem of distortion of meanings when covering an event in transmedia in the aspect of its impact on the linguistic personality of a web communicant. A detailed review of domestic and foreign scientific literature enables the authors to conclude that the formation of transmedia as a specific means of reproducing the information picture of an event is accompanied by genre transformations and convergence of media formats. The article proves that as a component of the transmedia structure, which is formed by means of artificial intelligence and digitalization, network media are changing their style of event coverage, and the use of clickbait is becoming more frequent in the headlines of publications. It increases the incongruence between the content and the title. As a result, a linguistic virtual personality, experiencing uncertainty about the reliability of media reports, demonstrates a tendency towards linguistic simplification, entertainment, speech negativity and provocation. It shows the need for strong emotional, expressive, evaluative language tools that enhance the effect of sensationalism. Systematization of quantitative and qualitative indicators has made it possible to specify the signs of destructive disorders and trace the mechanisms of influence of transmedia processes on the virtual linguistic personality. As a result, the authors identify similarities and differences between the communicative expectations of information recipients and the linguistic means of media texts as part of transmedia, revealing their destructive impact on the network audience.
Pragmatic Vector of Verbalized Aggression Within Internet Mediated Communication: Textual Context Dimension
Authors:   Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Komalova Liliya , Sadova Ekaterina ,   Moscow State Linguistic University
Published: July 2022

Research on aggressive speech behavior, realized through Internet mediated communication, faces with the problem of highlighting messages that are truly aggressive, that means a person has intention of doing harm to other person (in case of written communication on social network sites, it is psychological harm). The task of identifying a real aggressor turns even more difficult once a response to speech provocation is presented in form of responsive aggression. In this case the respondent's intention differs from the desire to do harm. Since speech provocation and speech response are given in the same form, from a bystander's perspective, both actions are perceived as aggressive. It may seem that the attacker and the victim alternately play the role of the aggressor. To solve the problem of identifying the true aggressor by speech production, it becomes significant to reconstruct the framework of a particular communicative situation. The present research project focuses on the distinction between verbalization of offensive (provocative) and defensive (responsive) types of aggression, which makes it possible to fix the scheme of interaction between interlocutors while switching the roles of the aggressor and the victim. In the course of an experiment on written verbalization of aggression realized on the social network site VKontakte, based on perceptual method and linguistic pragmatics approaches, 20 respondents evaluate stimuli material (10 samples in Russian language without textual context and with pre- and post-textual contexts). It was revealed that the narrow context surrounding a speech message is significant in defining the aggressor: namely, the presence of textual pre- and post-contexts in the form of messages provoking the verbalization of defensive aggression.
Speech Behaviour of Anti-Vaxxers: Rhetorical and Legal Aspects
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Efremov Valeriy
Published: July 2022

The situation of the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a new and exacerbated number of old social problems, including social inequality, the growth of social aggression, and the upscaling of agonal communication in Runet. One of the new conflict-generating points is the attitude towards vaccination, which divided people into pro-vaxxers and anti-vaxxers. In order to develop the strategies for community response to socially dangerous activities of anti-vaxxers, it is necessary to rely on scientific data obtained as a result of analysis of vaccination opponents' argumentation system and discourse description. The paper reveals the main arguments of anti-vaxxers and presents the linguistic-and-legal problems that arise in Internet communication while discussing the topic of vaccinations against COVID-19. For the explication of aggressive rhetoric, a content analysis of the largest group of anti-vaxxers "The COVID-Resistance Movement" on the VKontakte social network was carried out. In addition to highlighting and describing the most common arguments of anti-vaccinationists, examples of complex (moral and metaphysical) aggressive arguments were given (after the concept of H. Kusse). Aggressive verbal behaviour in some cases leads to a direct violation of the law – both new articles of the Criminal Code and the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation related to the COVID-19 pandemic (for example, on misinformation), and traditional articles related to agonal communication (for example, extremism and racism).
“Smart Tuning” as a Discourse Technology of Effective Communication (On the Material of the Coronavirus Vaccination Media Discourse)
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Iakoba Irina
Published: July 2022

The article offers a solution to the problem of effective communication through the construction of discursive technology that is called the "Smart Tuning" technology (STT). It is positioned as one of the most effective means of achieving results in media discourse. The STT is aimed at identifying cognitive-communicative parameters and linguocognitive mechanisms that enhance the impact. The main methods used in the research include cognitive modeling, inference-driven interpretation and linguoaxiological analysis. One of the hot topics today "coronavirus vaccination" allows us to demonstrate how media discourse is managed through the powers of discourse. The peculiarities are highlighted and the hard, soft and smart discourse powers example analysis is provided. It is proved that the action of each power is based on revealed parameters (the situation attractiveness, the horizon of the addressee's expectations, the communication mode, the strength of the addresser's position, the message attraction, harmonization, modalization, patterning, multimodality, synergy, sense-rhythmic modulations, tension) and is promoted by mechanisms (involvement, defocusing, dialogization, imagining, inspiration, metaphorization, personalization, positioning, reframing, spin-doctoring, focusing, framing). It is shown that, depending on the social status of the addressee, the relationship between the addresser and the addressee, the strength of the addresser's position, the message importance, the most effective discursive power are selected to provide more efficient impact. Such mechanisms as focusing, framing, imagining, positioning were revealed as the most frequent. In the future, it is possible to expand the analysis on the material of other discourse types in other languages.
Atar as mãos do sucessor ou seguir o vizinho? Difusão do acesso à informação nos municípios brasileiros
Authors: Batista Mariana , Rocha Virgínia , Nascimento Pedro
Published: July 2022

Resumo Por que os atores políticos promovem a transparência pública? Estudos mostram que a adesão à transparência pode ser tanto politicamente estratégica, ou seja, para atar as mãos do sucessor, quanto resultado da observação da adoção da política feita por outros municípios, isto é, para minimizar o custo da informação. Testamos as motivações políticas e informacionais para explicar a adoção de leis de transparência com uma análise subnacional da difusão da LAI nos municípios brasileiros (2011-2019). Os resultados mostram que tanto o aprendizado quanto as motivações da estratégia política afetam a probabilidade de adoção da LAI. Fatores socioeconômicos também são importantes fatores explicativos. No entanto, uma análise dos efeitos heterogêneos mostra que o mecanismo de aprendizagem é relevante para reduzir o impacto dos fatores socioeconômicos. Isso significa que aprender com os vizinhos minimiza o custo da informação e a dependência de fatores estruturais para promover a transparência em nível local.
Tying the successor’s hands or following the neighbor? Diffusion of access to information in Brazilian municipalities
Authors: Batista Mariana , Rocha Virgínia , Nascimento Pedro
Published: July 2022

Abstract Why do political actors promote public transparency? Studies show that adherence to transparency can be both politically strategic, i.e., to tie the hands of the successor, and a result of observing the adoption of the policy made by other municipalities, i.e., to minimize the cost of information. We test both the political and the informational motivations to explain the adoption of transparency laws with a subnational analysis of the diffusion of LAI in Brazilian municipalities (2011-2019). Results show that both the informational and the political strategy motivations affect the probability of adopting the LAI. Socioeconomic factors are also important explanatory factors. However, an analysis of heterogeneous effects shows that the learning mechanism is relevant for reducing the impact of socioeconomic factors. This means that learning from neighboring municipalities minimizes the cost of information and the reliance on structural factors to promote transparency at the local level.
Comparação da força muscular respiratória através da manovacuometria no pós-operatório precoce de cirurgia bariátrica por laparotomia e por videolaparoscopia
Authors: BARETTA ARIELI LUZ RODRIGUES , FREITAS ALEXANDRE COUTINHO TEIXEIRA DE , MOCELLIN CAROLINA , CAMBI MARIA PAULA CARLINI , RIBEIRO ANDRÉ RICHTER , FERREIRA CLÁUDIA GISSI DA ROCHA , BARETTA GIORGIO ALFREDO PEDROSO
Published: July 2022

RESUMO Introdução: o tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade acarreta importantes alterações na mecânica respiratória. Objetivo: analisar comparativamente a força muscular respiratória em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica do tipo bypass gástrico por laparotomia e por videolaparoscopia durante o internamento cirúrgico. Métodos: estudo observacional com delineamento longitudinal não-randomizado, de caráter quantitativo. Foram coletados dados de 60 pacientes com índice de massa corporal igual ou superior a 40Kg/m2, candidatos a cirurgia bariátrica e divididos em grupo 1, para os operados por laparotomia (n=30), e grupo 2, para os operados por videolaparoscopia (n=30). Foram excluídos os tabagistas, os pacientes incapazes de executar o exame de forma correta e os portadores de doenças pulmonares prévias. Ambos os grupos foram avaliados no pré-operatório imediato, no primeiro e no segundo dias de pós-operatório através do teste de manovacuometria para a força muscular respiratória e da escala visual analógica de dor. Resultados: a amostra foi homogênea em relação à idade, índice de massa corporal e sexo. Foi observado redução das pressões respiratórias máximas após a cirurgia para os operados por laparotomia, sem retorno aos valores basais no dia da alta hospitalar no segundo dia pósoperatório. Esse grupo também cursou com dor mais intensa e maior tempo cirúrgico. Não houve diferença das medidas de pressão respiratória após a cirurgia no grupo operado por laparoscopia. Conclusões: a cirurgia bariátrica pela via convencional reduz a força muscular respiratória no pós-operatório e cursa com dor mais intensa durante a internação cirúrgica em relação à via laparoscópica.
Cohort cholecystectomies in the Brazilian public system: is access to laparoscopy universal after three decades?
Authors: OLIJNYK JOSÉ GUSTAVO , VALANDRO ISABELLE GARIBALDI , RODRIGUES MARCELA , CZEPIELEWSKI MAURO ANTÔNIO , CAVAZZOLA LEANDRO TOTTI
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: videosurgery in Brazil started in 1990 with the performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, being included by the public health system in 2008. We evaluated the current situation of the use of this technology in the Unified Health System (SUS - Sistema Único de Saúde). Methods: from 2013 to 2019, 1,406,654 patients registered at the SUS Informatics Department (DATASUS) were analyzed to calculate the rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) in relation to open cholecystectomies (OC). Patient characteristics, disease presentation and postoperative mortality were evaluated. Results: the LC rate reached 41.5% (growth of 68%) with no decrease in the absolute number of OC. In University Hospitals (UH), the LC rate reached 91.96%. The open technique in emergencies was more associated with male patients, aged 60 years or older, with prolonged hospitalization and in the ICU. Those undergoing LC were less predisposed to postoperative death, both electively (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.42 - 0.56; NNT=20) and urgently (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.20 - 0.25; NNT ≅1), providing a protective effect. Conclusion: despite the increase in the indication of LC, the open technique during the years studied remained stable and the most used in the public health system in Brazil. The effectiveness of public health policies to shorten the complete implementation of videosurgery in SUS needs to be investigated in future epidemiological studies, as well as its impact on postoperative morbidity and mortality.
Variações das taxas de cesariana e cesariana recorrente no Brasil segundo idade gestacional ao nascer e tipo de hospital
Authors: Dias Barbara Almeida Soares , Leal Maria do Carmo , Esteves-Pereira Ana Paula , Nakamura-Pereira Marcos
Published: July 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as taxas de cesariana e cesariana recorrente no Brasil segundo a idade gestacional (IG) ao nascer e o tipo de hospital. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, utilizando dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos e do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde de 2017. As taxas de cesariana geral e recorrente foram calculadas e analisadas de acordo com a IG, região de residência e tipo de hospital. Foram realizadas correlações de Spearman entre as taxas de cesariana e cesariana recorrente por subgrupos de IG ao nascer (≤ 33, 34-36, 37-38, 39-41 e ≥ 42 semanas), analisadas segundo o tipo de hospital. Verificaram-se taxas de cesariana geral e recorrente de 55,1% e 85,3%, respectivamente. Mais de 60% dos recém-nascidos entre 37-38 semanas ocorreram via cesariana. Os hospitais privados de todas as regiões concentraram as maiores taxas de cesariana, sobretudo os do Centro-oeste, com mais de 80% em todas as IG. A taxa geral de cesariana foi altamente correlacionada com todas as taxas de cesariana dos subgrupos de IG (r > 0,7, p < 0,01). Quanto à cesariana recorrente, verificou-se forte correlação com as taxas de 37-38 e 39-41 semanas no hospital público/misto, diferindo do hospital privado, que apresentou correlações moderadas. Isso indica que a decisão pela cesariana não é pautada em fatores clínicos, o que pode causar danos desnecessários à saúde da mulher e do bebê. Conclui-se que mudanças no modelo de atenção ao parto, fortalecimento de políticas públicas e maior incentivo do parto vaginal após cesárea em gestações subsequentes são estratégias importantes para a redução das cesarianas no Brasil.
Tendencia temporal y distribución espacial de los casos de violencia letal contra la mujer en Brasil
Authors: Moroskoski Márcia , Brito Franciele Aline Machado de , Oliveira Rosana Rosseto de
Published: July 2022

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la tendencia temporal y la distribución espacial de los casos de violencia letal contra la mujer en Brasil, según la franja etaria y la raza/color. Método: estudio ecológico, de las series temporales, con distribución espacial de las muertes de mujeres víctimas de agresión, registradas en el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad, residentes en Brasil, regiones geográficas y estados brasileños. Debido a que hay subregistro de las muertes en algunos estados, se utilizaron factores de corrección para las tasas de mortalidad. Para el análisis de tendencias, adoptamos el modelo de regresión polinomial. Además, las tasas medias y las tendencias anuales de aumento/disminución fueron distribuidas considerando como unidad de análisis las unidades federativas de Brasil. Resultados: la tasa promedio fue de 6,24 casos de violencia letal por cada 100.000 mujeres, con variación significativa entre regiones y estados brasileños. Las principales víctimas de muerte violenta en Brasil son mujeres jóvenes, negras/morenas e indígenas y la tendencia es creciente en estas poblaciones. Las regiones Norte y Noreste presentaron los aumentos medios anuales más significativos (0,33; r2 = 0,96 y 0,26; r2 = 0,92, respectivamente). Conclusión: hubo una tendencia a la estabilidad de la violencia letal contra la mujer, con diferencias regionales significativas. Las mujeres jóvenes, negras/morenas e indígenas son más vulnerables a la muerte violenta en Brasil.
Reanimação cardiopulmonar para leigos: avaliação de vídeos sob a perspectiva do letramento digital em saúde
Authors: Vilela Sara Rodrigues , Leão-Cordeiro Jacqueline Andréia Bernardes , Moraes Katarinne Lima , Suzuki Karina , Brasil Virginia Visconde , Silva Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro
Published: July 2022

Resumo Objetivo: analisar indicadores de qualidade e conteúdo técnico dos vídeos postados na plataforma YouTube, para leigos, sobre reanimação cardiopulmonar em adultos e sua produção audiovisual quanto aos princípios do letramento digital em saúde. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, que selecionou vídeos gravados entre dezembro de 2015 e abril de 2021. Foram analisados por indicadores da produção de material audiovisual, considerando as diretrizes da American Heart Association e os princípios do letramento digital em saúde. Foi realizada estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: dos 121 vídeos analisados, 26 não atenderam qualquer indicador sobre ressuscitação cardiopulmonar; quatro atingiram 81% de conformidade; oito vídeos, 79%; nove vídeos, 69% e 74 vídeos de seis a 63%. De acordo com os princípios do letramento digital em saúde, um vídeo atendeu 85% dos indicadores; 81 vídeos atenderam de 50 a 80% e 39 vídeos, de 10 a 49%. Foi identificada correlação positiva entre letramento e ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Conclusão: nenhum vídeo apresentou 100% de conformidade com as diretrizes da American Heart Association. A falta de mecanismos de fiscalização e controle sobre conteúdos relacionados à saúde permite a publicação de vídeos equivocados, que têm sido utilizados como aprendizado pelas pessoas e podem perder o maior objetivo que é salvar vidas.
Manejo de agrobiodiversidad en la huerta tradicional de alta montaña: Resguardo Totoró, Cauca - Colombia
Authors: Sarria William Andrés Galvis , Serna Martha Lucia Ordoñez , Diago Olga Lucia Sanabria
Published: July 2022

Resumen El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo documentar la diversidad de espécies y variedades de cultivos, su manejo e intercambio entre pisos ecológicos a través de la huerta tradicional en el contexto del resguardo indígena de Totoró con base en los elementos conceptuales-metodológicos de la etnobiología, como el marco científico que estudia inter-relaciones humano-plantas y formas de manejo de los recursos vegetales en sistemas agrícolas tradicionales (HERNANDEZ X., 1985) y el análisis de redes sociales (JANSSEN et al., 2006). Como resultados se destacan el manejo e intercambio complementário entre pisos ecológicos de 68 especies vegetales en huertas tradicionales; lo cual permitió a partir del análisis de redes sociales identificar las huertas tradicionales que representan ejes articuladores de la red de intercambio de conocimientos, prácticas y material vegetal mediante las relaciones de parentesco, reciprocidad y redistribución
Teaching Environmental Impact Assessment in Brazil: is it just a ‘Make-believe’ approach?
Authors: Almeida Maria Rita Raimundo e , Veronez Fernanda Aparecida , Malvestio Anne Caroline
Published: July 2022

Abstract Teaching Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is fundamental for EIA effective practice. Nevertheless, this topic has not been addressed sufficiently, yet. In this context, this paper analyzes EIA teaching in Brazil based on the curriculum of EIA courses within Environmental Engineering programs, considering best practice principles. In addition, we proposed an analytical framework that categorizes nine EIA teaching profiles. The results show that EIA teaching is present in all the programs assessed. However, the prevailing teaching profiles reveal a limited perspective of EIA, not addressing the minimum necessary for understanding EIA as an environmental policy instrument. The weaknesses highlighted indicate that EIA teaching may be negatively influencing EIA practice and vice versa, creating a vicious cycle. Thus, this highlights the urgency for improving EIA teaching in Brazil, which should contribute to Brazilian EIA practice.
Impacts of Covid-19 on organized waste pickers in selected municipalities in the State of São Paulo
Authors: Azevedo Adalberto Mantovani Martiniano de , Gutberlet Jutta , Araújo Solange Dias de , Duarte Fabiano Harada
Published: July 2022

Abstract This study, carried out with waste picker organizations in 32 municipalities in the State of São Paulo, seeks to analyze the impacts of the pandemic (Covid-19) on their activities, including measures taken by the government and other actors, in order to alleviate the impacts resulting from the crisis. Our theoretical framework discusses the relationships between social movements and public policies. Organized waste pickers provide selective collection services, interacting with different levels of government in situations of collaboration and conflict, with frequent collective actions seeking improvements. Bibliographic research and application of questionnaires inform about the interactions of waste pickers, showing structural and systemic problems, highlighting their demands as a social movement.
Resenha: The Commons in an Age of Uncertainty: Decolonizing Nature, Economy, and Society
Authors: Santos Leticia Costa de Oliveira
Published: July 2022

Resumo No livro Commons in an Age of Uncertainty: decolonizing nature, economy and society (2020), Franklin Obeng-Odoom propõe um sistema baseado em comuns (commons based system). Sua chamada Alternativa Radical constrói-se em relação à dialética entre dois campos de leituras sobre os comuns agrupados como Sabedoria Convencional e Consenso da Esquerda Ocidental. Ele indica que ambas as leituras, a partir de uma crítica decolonial, são limitadas. A chave de sua Alternativa Radical está na centralidade da terra, na autonomia, e na justiça a partir do Sul Global. Apresenta a terra com um sentido próximo ao de território/ territorialidade, como acionado na América Latina, e territorializa a discussão política dos comuns. Também desenvolve o entendimento de justiça universal sobre a terra e contribui para as discussões sobre comuns contemporâneos ao afirmar a contemporaneidade das formas de relação com a terra e trocas materiais e culturais persistentes no continente africano.
STUDYING - ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION IN BRAZILIAN JOURNALS
Authors: Colombini Filipe Augusto , Moroz Melania
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT Studying is an essential behavior for all students, as it potentially allows them to learn any content. This study aimed to analyze the production of the scientific community, published in Brazilian journals, about studying. Search words were inserted in the SciELO and PePSIC databases, which resulted in 82 selected studies. The information obtained concerns the authors, institutions, area of knowledge, theoretical approach, and type of research. Among the results, the following stand out: an increase in the number of publications since 2004; predominance of few research groups; little participation from the Education area; predominance of Cognitive Psychology; predominance of descriptive research; use of standardized instruments; predominance of Higher Education and the use of the classroom as a setting. It discusses the need for more intervention research, in addition to the greater participation of teachers who should be the main participants involved in the research.
A autoria coletiva e a autoetnografia: experiências em antropologia com as parentas Karipuna do Amapá
Authors: Soares Ana Manoela Primo dos Santos
Published: July 2022

Resumo Este artigo foi escrito por uma jovem do povo Karipuna do Amapá, porém o que há nele não é unicamente de minha autoria, pois o texto é compostopor conhecimentos coletivos, partilhados por todas aquelas e aqueles que, assim como eu, são Karipuna. É desenvolvida, ao longo do artigo, uma série de reflexões, a primeira delas sobre as experiências que tenho com as ‘mulheres antigas’ de meu povo durante os momentos em que realizo com elas pesquisas na área de antropologia. A partir de tais experiências, são moldadas outras reflexões sobre autoria coletiva, escrita ‘autoetnográfica’ e a importância de nós, indígenas, falarmos e escrevermos em nossos próprios termos, havendo, por fim, uma última reflexão sobre como os atos de aprendizado e de escrita com as parentas podem ser compreendidos como um maiuhi, uma palavra em kheuol (a língua falada por meu povo) que, quando traduzida para o português, significa ‘mutirão’ ou ‘ajudado’ e que explica a relevância dos trabalhos coletivos para os povos indígenas de Oiapoque.
As Transmissões ao Vivo no Legislativo e no Judiciário
Authors: Barreto Rachel Cardoso , Costa Júnior Paulo Alkmin
Published: July 2022

RESUMO O artigo discute, a partir de um marco neoinstitucionalista, como um mesmo recurso institucional (a transmissão ao vivo) impacta de modo diverso o Legislativo e o Judiciário brasileiros. Para tanto, contrasta resultados de dois trabalhos mais amplos, baseados em entrevistas semiestruturadas com membros de cada Poder e na observação de transmissões ao vivo. O artigo tem quatro seções: na primeira, discutimos como a agenda de transparência impacta as instituições, as razões pelas quais elas procuram aumentar sua exposição pública e como contexto e cultura institucional interferem na apropriação do mesmo recurso por duas instituições diferentes; na segunda, historiamos como se deu a abertura para as câmeras em cada Poder; na terceira, analisamos as diferentes apropriações e linguagens desenvolvidas pelo Legislativo e pelo Judiciário no televisionamento de suas sessões; na última, discutimos como a influência da opinião pública que deriva das transmissões impacta a relação entre os Poderes no Brasil hoje.
Relationship between physical activity level and balance in middle-aged and older women
Authors: Macêdo Pedro Rafael de Souza , Fernandes Sabrina Gabrielle Gomes , Azevedo Ingrid Guerra , Costa José Vilton , Guedes Dimitri Taurino , Câmara Saionara Maria Aires da
Published: July 2022

Abstract Introduction: Physical exercise may improve motor skills, such as static standing balance. However, the association between physical activity level based on activities of daily living and static balance is unknown. Objective: To assess the association between the physical activity level and static balance in middle-aged and older women. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 589 community-dwelling women. Static balance was assessed using the single-leg stance test (SLST) with eyes open and closed. Physical activity level was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and classified as high, moderate, or low. Kruskal-Wallis test compared balance performance between participants with different physical activity levels. Multiple quantile regression analyses assessed the association between variables adjusted for age, family income, educational level, body mass index, comorbidities, and parity. Results: Participants with low physical activity level showed worse SLST performance with eyes open and closed than participants with high physical activity level in the bivariate analysis. However, physical activity level and SLST performance were not associated in the analysis adjusted for covariates. Conclusion: Our results suggested that only being active in daily living activities is not associated with better standing balance in middle-aged and older women. Specific physical exercise programs should be implemented to improve balance in this population.