bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fragile Sicherheiten und Legitimationsprobleme - Rechtspopulismus aus arbeitssoziologischer Perspektive
Authors: Menz Wolfgang , Nies Sarah
Published: May 2019

In Gegenüberstellung von gängigen Erklärungen des Rechtspopulismus und Erkenntnissen arbeitssoziologischer Bewusstseinsforschung formuliert der Beitrag drei Thesen: (1) Die Verobjektivierung des Ökonomischen führt zu einer „Ent-Legitimierung“ staatlicher Arbeitspolitik und zu einer imaginierten Verschiebung von Handlungsfähigkeit in das Feld der Migrations- und Grenzpolitik. (2) Neue Formen autoritärer Orientierungen lassen sich als angstgetriebene Unterwerfung unter systemische Imperative interpretieren („halbierter Marktautoritarismus“). (3) Arbeitsbezogenen Verunsicherungen wird durch Rekurs auf das Leistungsprinzip begegnet, dessen Gültigkeit allerdings zunehmend brüchig wird. Rechtspopulistische Deutungsmuster bieten die Möglichkeit, dessen Brüchigkeit abzuwehren und Ausgrenzung und Abwertung unter Berufung auf „Leistung“ zu rechtfertigen.
Rechtstendenzen in der Arbeiterschaft und die Notwendigkeit der sozialen Transformation
Authors: Kronauer Martin
Published: May 2019

Der Beitrag erörtert zwei Erklärungen, die für die Unterstützung rechter (fremdenfeindlicher und nationalistischer) Parteien und Bewegungen in Teilen der Arbeiterschaft einiger Länder Europas und der USA angeboten werden, und fragt, welche politischen Konsequenzen sich aus ihnen mit Blick auf notwendige gesellschaftliche Veränderungen ergeben. Die erste Erklärung verweist auf die „imperiale Lebensweise“ auf Kosten des globalen Südens, in die auch die Arbeiterklassen der hoch entwickelten kapitalistischen Länder verstrickt seien und die sich in der Abwehr von Migranten und Flüchtlingen zeige. Die zweite Erklärung verweist auf die symbolische und politische „Marginalisierung der Arbeiterklasse“ v. a. seit den 1970er Jahren. Demnach unterstützen Arbeiter die nationalistische Rechte, um ihre aus der Öffentlichkeit verdrängten Interessen zur Geltung zu bringen. Der Beitrag diskutiert im Lichte beider Argumentationslinien, ob und wie sich neue Allianzen für eine soziale Transformation bilden können, die nicht auf nationalistische Ab‑ und Ausgrenzung, sondern eine Stärkung gesellschaftlicher Gleichheit und Offenheit abzielt und damit auch das drängende Problem der ökologischen Transformation angehen könnte.
Menschenrechte als private Legitimitätspolitik
Authors: Scheper Christian
Published: May 2019

Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass die Herausbildung einer eigenständigen Unternehmensverantwortung im internationalen Menschenrechtssystem legitimitätspolitisch ambivalent ist: Während sie mit der Notwendigkeit menschenrechtsbasierter Steuerung der Globalisierung begründet wird, weist die Praxis in Richtung einer zunehmenden Vereinnahmung von Menschenrechten im Sinne unternehmerischer Handlungslogiken und damit verbundene Möglichkeiten, Praktiken und Institutionen der Profitgenerierung neue Grundlagen der Rechtfertigung zu verleihen. Der Beitrag rekonstruiert diesen Wandel anhand von drei neuen Arenen der inter- und transnationalen Legitimitätspolitik im Namen der Menschenrechte: 1.) die normative Ebene der UN-Leitprinzipien für Wirtschaft und Menschenrechte; 2.) die praktische Ebene unternehmerischer Governance und 3.) die epistemische Ebene der Wissensproduktion über Menschenrechte im Unternehmenskontext. In den drei Arenen werden völkerrechtliche Normen in unternehmerische Handlungslogiken übersetzt. Sie liefern zwar inhaltlich neue Legitimitätsansprüche und eröffnen neue Deutungskämpfe, orientieren sich in ihrer dominanten Form aber bisher primär an der politischen Ökonomie des Marktes und des transnationalen Managements und fungieren damit als Legitimitäts- und Autoritätsressource für Unternehmen.
Freiheit von Religion?
Authors: Fioole Johannes
Published: May 2019

How much freedom from religion can a secular individual claim in a liberal democracy? How much freedom from religion is justified when considering religious individuals' liberties? By means of new realistic methods (Geuss), this study of political theory tries to give practical answers to these questions. In this book, we find that previous solutions generated by the public justification paradigm (Rawls, Audi, Habermas, Gaus, Cooke et al.) systematically result in a democratic trilemma. Instead, the individual sphere is proposed. This interplay between freedom, autonomy and privacy has an obligation to liberal institutional ethics. On the one hand, the theory of the individual sphere allows an individual to act according to his or her religious or secular ideas of what is good; on the other hand, it identifies contexts in which majority rule is justified.
Therapeutic Applications and Mechanisms of YC-1: A Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator
Authors: Wu Chieh-Hsi , Pan Chun-Hsu , Sheu Ming-Jyh
Published: May 2019

Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential endogenous vasodilator to maintain vascular homeostasis, whose effects are mainly mediated by NO-dependent soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) which catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a critical mediator of vascular relaxation. YC-1, a novel NO-independent sGC stimulator, was first introduced as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Accumulating studies revealed that YC-1 has multiple medication potentials to use for a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from cardiovascular diseases to cancers. In contrast to NO donors, YC-1 has a more favorable safety profile and low medication tolerance. In this chapter, we introduce canonical and pathological roles of NO, review activations, and regulatory mechanisms of YC-1 on NO-independent sGC/cGMP pathway and present the potential pharmacological applications and molecular mechanisms of YC-1.
¿Progresión o regresión constitucional de la justicia penal española? Irrupción del populismo judicial y del derecho penal de autor
Authors: Rodríguez Ramos Luis
Published: May 2019

Este artículo analiza, en primer lugar, los aspectos de la legislación y de la praxis de la organización y funcionamiento de la Administración de Justicia en general y, de modo especial, en lo atinente al orden jurisdiccional penal, derivados de la configuración dada por la Constitución de 1978; y, a continuación, destaca las realidades sobrevenidas con posterioridad a dicha fecha, igualmente contrarias a los principios o preceptos constitucionales. Desde lo anterior, el autor propone en ambos ámbitos (general y penal) soluciones “de lege data et ferenda” de avance hacia la “Segunda revolución de la Justicia española”, tan pendiente como urgente, pues al haber acaecido la primera por obra y gracia de la Revolución “Gloriosa” de 1868, la España actual, muy distinta de la de hace más de siglo y medio, precisa de una Administración de Justicia acorde con los tiempos.The article analyzes the configuration given by the Spanish Constitution (1978) to the justice administration and the specialties of the criminal jurisdiction, pointing the unsatisfactory aspects of the constitutional model. Following, the author highlights the real evolution of both the general and the criminal justice administration activity since the Constitution was enacted, reality which has become unrespectful with the Constitution´s principles and regulations. Finally, the document propose for both general and criminal justice administration “de lege data et ferenda” solutions to drive the Spanish judicial administration to an adaptation to current time needs, evolving from the results of the first revolution of justice administration (Gloriosa in 1868) to a second and highly needed revolution.
Libertad de expresión y tutela de la Corona: el caso de «El Jueves»
Authors: Fernández Sarasola Ignacio
Published: May 2019

En 2007, la revista satírica «El Jueves» sufrió un secuestro judicial, y dos de sus dibujantes resultaron condenados por un delito contra el honor de la Corona. Ambas resoluciones judiciales sometieron la libertad de expresión a unas restricciones excepcionales, y dieron lugar a que los propios editores optaran con posterioridad a medidas de autocensura. Sin embargo, tales restricciones fueron fruto de una inadecuada protección del honor de la Corona en el Código Penal, y de uso erróneo de la cláusula de proporcionalidad por parte de la Audiencia Nacional.In 2007 the Spanish satirical journal “El Jueves” was under judicial confiscation and two of its authors were prosecuted for criminal offense against the Crown’s honor. Both judicial resolutions subjected the freedom to expression to exceptional restrictions and moved the publishers to further self-censure. Nevertheless, these restrictions dealt with an inadequate protection to Crown honor in Spanish Criminal Code, and with a wrong use of the proportional clause by the Audiencia Nacional.
La maternidad subrogada: un asunto de derechos fundamentales
Authors: Valero Heredia Ana
Published: May 2019

En los últimos años nos encontramos inmersos en un profundo debate social, político y jurídico en torno a la llamada maternidad subrogada. Ésta, que consiste en la implantación por fecundación in vitro o inseminación artificial de un embrión en una madre gestante, con la que los padres de intención han firmado un contrato previo, con o sin remuneración económica, implica un auténtico conflicto de derechos fundamentales y bienes jurídicos. El presente estudio pretende, a través del análisis de la jurisprudencia existente, detectar los derechos de todos los sujetos implicados y extraer parámetros de ponderación que garanticen la protección de aquellos que deben priorizarse. Y ello con el fin de orientar la resolución de futuros casos y en el diseño de políticas en materia.In recent years we are immersed in a deep social, political and legal debate about the so-called surrogate motherhood. This practice, which consists of the implantation by in vitro fertilization or artificial insemination of an embryo in a mother, with which the parents of intention have signed a previous contract, with or without economic remuneration, implies a real conflict of fundamental rights. The present study intends, through the analysis of existing jurisprudence, to detect the rights of all the subjects involved and extract balancing parameters that guarantee the protection of those that must be prioritized, in order to guide the resolution of future cases and the design of policies in this area.
Sobre la constitución de grupos parlamentarios y el «préstamo» de diputados y senadores
Authors: Delgado Ramos David
Published: May 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en exponer la problemática del «préstamo» de parlamentarios en las Cortes Generales, analizando el marco jurídico de la constitución de los grupos parlamentarios en los reglamentos de las Cámaras y la práctica seguida desde los inicios de la democracia. Posteriormente, se analizará la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional, concretamente, las sentencias 64/2002, de 11 de marzo, la 141/2007, de 18 de junio y, la más reciente 76/2017, de 19 de junio. Por último, se hace una propuesta de reforma de los reglamentos del Congreso y del Senado, al objeto de limitar y evitar esta práctica.The aim of this work consists in exposing the problems regarding the lending of the members in the Spanish Parliament, analysing the legal framework for the constitution of parliamentary groups within the regulations of the Chamber and the practice followed since the inception of democracy. Subsequently, the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court will be analysed, specially decisions 64/2002, of 11March, the 141/2007, of 18 June and the most recent 76/2007, of 19 June. Finally, a proposal for reform of the regulations of the Congress and the Senate is made, in order to limit and avoid this practice.
Carlos Ruíz del Castillo, constitucionalista de la Primera Postguerra Mundial
Authors: Álvarez Rodríguez Ignacio
Published: May 2019

Semblanza de Carlos Ruiz del Castillo, jurista español y Catedrático de Derecho Político.Biographical sketch of Carlos Ruiz del Castillo, spanish legal expert and Professor of Constitutional Law.
RESEÑA de: Pablo Pérez Tremps. Las reformas de la Constitución hechas y no hechas. Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2018
Authors: García Vitoria Ignacio
Published: May 2019

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RESEÑA de: María Esther Seijas Villadangos. Estrategias participativas para la resolución extrajudicial de conflictos territoriales en los Estados compuestos: Estudio comparado (Canadá, Estados Unidos y España). INAP, Madrid, 2018
Authors: Salvador Crespo Mayte
Published: May 2019

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Kritik, pædagogik og videnskab
Authors: Wille Niels Erik
Published: May 2019

Kritik, pædagogik og videnskab
Strukturalisme på empirisk grundlag
Authors: Brandt Per Aage
Published: May 2019

Strukturalisme på empirisk grundlag
Strukturel digtbeskrivelse
Authors: Madsen Peter
Published: May 2019

Strukturel digtbeskrivelse
Debat
Authors: Poetik Redaktionen
Published: May 2019

Stud. scient. Bent S. Hansen om Peter Madsen: "Strukturel digtbeskrivelse" in Poetik I.l.
Sproglige og fortælletekniske iagttagelser i Herman Bang's novelle "Irene Holm"
Authors: Mortensen Finn Hauberg
Published: May 2019

Sproglige og fortælletekniske iagttagelser i Herman Bang's novelle "Irene Holm"
Den fremmedgjorte eros
Authors: Brask Peter
Published: May 2019

En Blicher-studie
Grundtræk af en narrativ grammatik
Authors: Greimas Algirdas Julien
Published: May 2019

Grundtræk af en narrativ grammatik
Ingen kender natten - H.C. Branner
Authors: Rodwell Hugh
Published: May 2019

Ingen kender natten - H.C. Branner
Debat
Authors: Egebak Jørgen
Published: May 2019

"Historisme" og "strukturalisme"
Det integrerede normbrud
Authors: Madsen Peter
Published: May 2019

Narratologisk analyse
Fortællingens flertydighed (I)
Authors: Rastier Francois
Published: May 2019

Forsøg på beskrivelse af Moliéres Don Juan
Nelson Goodman og hans bog om kunst, sprog og kunstsprog
Authors: Kjørup Søren
Published: May 2019

Nelson Goodman og hans bog om kunst, sprog og kunstsprog
Gule handsker og rene hænder
Authors: Holmgaard Jørgen
Published: May 2019

Gule handsker og rene hænder
Læserens gestaltning af en litterær tekst
Authors: Bostrup Lars , Brask Peter , Hansen Carsten
Published: May 2019

Læserens gestaltning af en litterær tekst
Litteraturvidenskab semiotik marxisme
Authors: Poetik Redaktionen
Published: May 2019

Litteraturvidenskab semiotik marxisme
N.F.S. Grundtvig: De levendes land
Authors: Rømhild Lars Peter
Published: May 2019

N.F.S. Grundtvig: De levendes land
Agnete og havmanden og samfundet
Authors: Svane Marie-Louise
Published: May 2019

Motivet som tradition og metafor
Klassestruktur og historiesyn i nogle Pontoppidantexter
Authors: Grodal Torben Kragh
Published: May 2019

Klassestruktur og historiesyn i nogle Pontoppidantexter
Den slette reproduktion og den sentimentale revolte
Authors: Schou Søren
Published: May 2019

Om påske-underet i Klaus Rifbjergs Arkivet
Reklame og mening
Authors: Knudsen Nils Lykke
Published: May 2019

Reklame og mening
Kritiske bemærkninger til Erik M. Christensens erkendelsesforsøg
Authors: Finnemann Niels Ole
Published: May 2019

Kritiske bemærkninger til Erik M. Christensens erkendelsesforsøg
Samfundsteori og tekstteori
Authors: Pittelkow Ralf
Published: May 2019

Samfundsteori og tekstteori
Faustus og historien
Authors: Gemzøe Anker
Published: May 2019

En sammenlignende anslyse af Historia von D. Johann Fausten og Marlowe's Doctor Faustus
George Thomson og antikken
Authors: Kaarsholm Preben
Published: May 2019

Om nogle livtag med den historiske materialisme
Det norske arbeiderpartis kulturpolitikk og den statlige kulturplanlegging
Authors: Rønning Helge
Published: May 2019

Det norske arbeiderpartis kulturpolitikk og den statlige kulturplanlegging
Realisme og realitet
Authors: Karlsen Hugo Hørlych
Published: May 2019

den nye virkelighed og den nye (ny) realisme
Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) isolated from prosthetic joint infections is less susceptible to oxacillin than to benzylpenicillin
Authors: Ridberg Sara , Hellmark Bengt , Nilsdotter Åsa , Söderquist Bo
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Introduction: The frequency of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) due to Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) is increasing, especially shoulder PJIs. The recommended antibiotic prophylaxis for hip and knee arthroplasties is beta-lactam antibiotics, predominantly cephalosporins. However, for example in Sweden, isoxazolyl-penicillin cloxacillin is used. No specific recommendations for shoulder arthroplasties are available. The aim of the present study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for different antibiotics for C. acnes; and, more specifically, to compare the MIC values for benzylpenicillin and oxacillin.Materials and methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for nine different antibiotic agents were obtained by gradient test (Etest) using strains of C. acnes (n= 57) isolated from PJIs from shoulders (n=31), hips (n=21), and knees (n=5).Results: All isolates had low MIC values for most of the tested antibiotic agents, and showed a wild type MIC distribution. The exception was clindamycin with 9% of the isolates displaying decreased susceptibility. The MIC values obtained for benzylpenicillin were significantly lower than the MIC values for isoxazolyl-penicillin (oxacillin).Conclusion: These in vitro results indicate that benzylpenicillin might be a more effective prophylactic treatment to prevent shoulder PJIs caused by C. acnes. However, further studies on the subject are needed, and the effectiveness of the prophylactic treatment should be evaluated using randomized controlled studies and/or register-based studies.
First results of a uniform regional treatment protocol and registration for acute prosthetic join infection in the South-East of the Netherlands
Authors: Kamp Maud C. , van Robin W.T.M. , Janssen Loes , van M.C. (Marieke)
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Introduction: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a relatively uncommon (average incidence 0.5-2%) but devastating complication, with significant morbidity and leading to tremendously increased health care costs. In 2013, delegates from nine hospitals covering a large region in the South-East Netherlands composed one combined treatment protocol for acute PJI of total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA). This protocol was based on the definition of acute PJI according to Workgroup of the American Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) and the principles of debridement, antibiotics, irrigation and retention (DAIR).Methods: Patients with a THA or TKA treated with DAIR because of suspicion of PJI were selected from the online PJI database. PJI was defined as at least two phenotypically identical pathogens, isolated in cultures from at least two separate tissues, obtained from the affected prosthetic joint. Acute PJIs, occurring within 90 days after primary implantation, between January 2014 and December 2016, were analyzed. We analyzed the PJI incidence rate, patient clinical and microbiological characteristics of PJI, outcome of the DAIR treatment and adherence to the regional protocol.Results: A total of 310 primary THA or TKA with a suspected PJI were registered in the regional PJI database, 236 met the definition of acute PJI, representing overall incidence of 1.12%. Following the regional treatment protocol replacement of exchangeable parts took place in 45% in 2014 to 70% in 2016. After 12 months follow-up, prosthesis retention was achieved in 87% and 3% of the patients died within one year after the primary surgery.Conclusion: Results of the regional cohort are in line with the available literature. Regional collaboration and regular feedback on registered data resulted in better adherence to the combined treatment protocol. Despite our attempts to improve PJI care, PJI remains a serious complication of THA and TKA with a significant mortality rate and burden for the patient.
La négociation collective en contexte de flexibilisation de l’emploi dans deux usines au Québec
Authors: Adanhounme Armel Brice , Lévesque Christian
Published: May 2019

Des travaux récents en analyse institutionnelle ontsouligné le rôle charnière des acteurs dans lechangement institutionnel, notamment le pouvoir de l’acteursyndical à renouveler les institutions du travail. Cesrecherches ont fait ressortir les trois aspects suivants : 1-l’agentivité, en réponse à la question de lareprésentation des syndiqués, notamment la constructiond’une identité des travailleurs au-delà du milieude travail; 2- la formation d’une large coalition au-delàdes acteurs tripartites des relations de travail; et, enfin, 3-l’élargissement des répertoires d’actionau-delà des frontières des entreprises et des contextesnationaux. Toutefois, contrairement à cette perspective surl’agentivité qui dépendait autrefois desmécanismes de la démocratie industrielle, cet articlemontre que des contraintes structurelles peuvent restreindre, voireempêcher, la capacité stratégique des acteurslocaux à renouveler la règle en cet èrenéolibéral de mondialisation de l’économie.

À partir de deux études de cas menées dans deuxusines de première transformation au Québec —l’une appartenant à une entreprise multinationalecanadienne, l’autre étant américaine —, cetarticle analyse comment les acteurs locaux, dans un contextenéolibéral de changement institutionnel, négocientla flexibilisation de l’emploi et la sécurité destravailleurs. Les résultats des négociations entreprisespar les acteurs locaux, dans un cas, une négociationmenée « le dos au mur », et, dansl’autre, « le fusil sur la tempe »,montrent que l’issue du processus est tributaire de facteursexternes hors de la portée des acteurs locaux.

L’agentivité a buté contre les impératifséconomiques du marché, les politiques étatiques dedérégulation de l’emploi et l’intransigeancedes maisons-mères concernant l’avantage compétitifdes filiales. Dans l’usine américaine, ils ontdéplacé l’ancienne règle des accordscollectifs pour y substituer une nouvelle entente davantage axéesur les exigences du marché libéral. Dans l’usinecanadienne, ils ont stratifié les accords collectifs, ajoutantune nouvelle entente (de facture inférieure àl’ancienne) basée sur le statut d’emploi et quioppose les permanents aux contractuels. Dans les deux cas, desconditions structurelles ont limité la marge de manoeuvre desacteurs locaux, avec des conséquences néfastes sur lestravailleurs périphériques de l’entreprise flexible.
Marijuana Legalization in Canada: Insights for Workplaces from Case Law Analysis
Authors: Lam Helen
Published: May 2019

The legalization of marijuana in Canada is expected to have a significant impact on workplaces, requiring the development or updating of company drug-related policies and procedures. To help employment relations stakeholders with this change, recommendations are made based on an analysis of 93 past arbitration/tribunal/court cases involving marijuana-related policy violations, drawn from the Labour Source database. Issues addressed include language and communication of the work rule, reasonableness of drug tests, standard of proof, duty to accommodate, and mitigating factors.

Based on the study of those 93 court cases, some recommendations can be formulated. First, employers need to clearly state their drug-related policies, taking into consideration safety-sensitivity and any substance abuse culture. This may include prohibition of possession, use, and distribution of drugs at the workplace or working under the influence, and the need to report any medical drug use that requires accommodation. Drug tests should only be done when there is a bona fide occupational requirement or where safety is a concern, such as post-incident or when there is reasonable suspicion of drug impairment. Also, it is important to understand that positive drug test results can only show past drug use but not the level of impairment or whether the drug was used while on a work shift. Therefore, to support an offence violation and discipline, corroborating evidence from multiple witnesses and sources are often necessary.

Supervisors should be trained to identify the characteristics related to marijuana and drug impairment and the procedures to follow when an incident occurs. Employers must be cognizant of the duty to accommodate medical marijuana users or recreational users who are addicted, under human rights protection for disability. Such accommodation may include work reassignment or a leave of absence. In deciding on a penalty, other than past performance and disciplinary records and personal extenuating circumstances, arbitrators may consider rehabilitation situations to assess the prognosis and viability of the employment relationship.

Employers and unions are advised to stay abreast of latest developments in the laws, drug test technologies and medical research related to marijuana use.
The Struggle to Decommodify the Service Sector: The Canadian Auto Workers and the Casino Industry
Authors: Mazar Alissa
Published: May 2019

Research objective: Through relatively higher unionization rates within the casino industry, casino employment provides a counterexample to the connection between low-skill service work and low wages. The existing literature, however, suggests that casino workers embrace a commodified vision of their labour. It is of interest to understand whether and how unions are successful in decommodifying both ideologically and materially, wage entitlements in this expanding industry as this is a main mechanism through which unions challenge income inequality. This article examines the Canadian Auto Workers’ (CAW) attempt to decommodify wages in the casino industry.

Methodology: These findings are based on a case study of Casino Windsor, located in Windsor, Ontario—the automotive capital of Canada and the first city to host a resort casino outside of Atlantic City and Las Vegas. Ninety-one interviews were conducted with Windsor stakeholders (20), and automotive (43) and casino (28) workers. The local newspaper from 1994-2014 is also examined and descriptive statistics are utilized.

Results: Casino workers initially did adopt a decommodified vision of wage entitlements; yet, due to political—the New Democratic Party of Ontario—and institutional—low sectoral union density—forces, casino workers during 2014-2015 interviews embrace aservice mindwhere wages are determined by a market-oriented human capital model.

Conclusions: CAW union representatives and the casino membership now view the CAW’s attempt to bring anindustrial mindsetinto the casino as a mistake, naturalizing the link between decommodified wages in automotive manufacturing and the market-oriented wage entitlements of the service sector. This case study marks a critical lost opportunity by the CAW to decommodify wage entitlements in the casino industry and the broader service sector.
La charge de travail perçue des cadres : d’une typologie à une compréhension systémique
Authors: Coron Clotilde
Published: May 2019

La charge de travail des cadres est un phénomène bien documenté : la littérature sur le sujet souligne, entre autres, l’intensification du travail des cadres, ainsi que les effets des réorganisations sur cette intensification. Une étude de cas dans une administration ayant vécu une réorganisation, confrontée à la menace de l’ouverture à la concurrence et caractérisée par un modèle corporatiste, illustre ces points, tout en les accompagnant d’un constat qui incite à approfondir l’analyse.

En effet, une première analyse quantitative descriptive révèle que la charge de travail, et surtout le travail « inintéressant », vont croissant quand on s’élève dans la hiérarchie, phénomène qui peut sembler à prime abord étonnant. Une enquête approfondie, qui combine approches quantitative et qualitative, et qui s’inscrit dans le cadre théorique de l’analyse systémique des organisations, permet alors de montrer en quoi la charge de travail est le fruit de facteurs variés. Ceux-ci peuvent être liés à l’ouverture à la concurrence, à la mise en place d’un système de reddition de compte contraignant, mais également à des stratégies mises en place par les différents acteurs afin de gérer leur travail en fonction des ressources à leur disposition et de leur position dans le système.

Une typologie nous a conduite à identifier quatre groupes de cadres caractérisés par des perceptions et des stratégies homogènes relatives à la charge de travail. L’analyse systémique permet, ensuite, de comprendre ces stratégies à l’aune du système de l’établissement. Finalement, cette enquête souligne la structuration systémique de la charge de travail des cadres, tout comme l’intérêt d’une méthodologie mixte pour l’appréhender.
Occupational Health and Safety Indicators and Under-Reporting: Case Studies in Chinese Shipping
Authors: Xue Conghua , Tang Lijun , Walters David
Published: May 2019

An index-based approach to indicate the outcome of Occupational Health and Safety management has been commonly used in the implementation of the International Safety Management Code and the operation of Occupational Health and Safety management systems in the international shipping industry. Although the index-based approach is asserted to be a convenient way to measure and quantify the outcome of Occupational Health and Safety management, it is not justified in the wider literature and further empirical research is suggested by various authors. The aim of this study is to explore the role of an index-based approach in managing Occupational Health and Safety in the shipping industry.

This article investigates the effectiveness of indicators in Occupational Health and Safety management in two Chinese chemical shipping companies. A qualitative approach is applied to examine the views of seafarers on safety reporting practice. The study reveals that, although the need for reporting is understood by most of the crew members, the reporting practice is significantly affected by different factors such as the crew’s concerns for their own interests, Chinese cultural factors and management’s dominant power over the crew’s performance evaluation. The findings suggest that there is a significant gap between what is required by the rules and what really occurs in terms of safety reporting practice. The study highlights the emerging problems of using Occupational Health and Safety indicators as benchmark for measuring the outcome of Occupational Health and Safety management in Chinese shipping. The conclusion is drawn in a Chinese context, and although the findings may not be similar to other industries or the shipping industry in other countries, they provide valuable indications for re-thinking and re-shaping maritime regulatory strategies.
Janus v AFSCME, Council 31: Judges Will Haunt You in the Second Gilded Age
Authors: Herbert William A.
Published: May 2019

This essay examines the United States Supreme Court’s 2018 decision inJanus v AFSCME, Council 31,which concluded that agency shop provisions violate the First Amendment rights of public sector workers who are not union members but receive the fruits of the representation. This decision reversed over 40 years of precedent and imposed “right to work” as a new federal constitutional mandate, fulfilling the dream of anti-union forces since the first Gilded Age.

The essay begins with a brief history of the open shop movement and the development of the agency shop as a constitutionally permissible form of union security in the private and public sectors. It then describes how an activist Supreme Court majority undermined the constitutionality of the agency shop, which set the stage for theJanusdecision. The essay summarizes the majority and dissenting opinions inJanus, and describes how unions, employers, and some state legislatures are responding to the decision’s immediate impact.
Le précompte syndical obligatoire revu à la lumière de la décision de la Cour suprême américaine dans l’affaire Janus
Authors: Trudeau Gilles
Published: May 2019

La Cour suprême des États-Unis a récemment décidé, dans l’affaire Janus, que le précompte syndical imposé par la législation de l’Illinois aux employés de l’État viole les libertés d’expression et d’association que leur garantit la constitution américaine. Cette décision met en évidence le statut profondément différent dont bénéficie la Formule Rand au Canada, où elle est considérée comme un élément essentiel du régime de négociation collective de type Wagner qui prévaut à l’échelle national. Non seulement est-elle partout permise, mais la législation l’a rendue obligatoire, d’une façon ou d’une autre, dans une majorité de juridictions canadiennes, notamment au Québec. De plus, la Cour suprême du Canada a reconnu, il y a de cela près de 30 ans, que le précompte syndical obligatoire n’entravait ni la liberté d’association ni la liberté d’expression protégées par la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés.
El nuevo consumidor social
Authors: Soler Domenech Clara
Published: May 2019

Millones de usuarios siguen e interactúan entre ellos en las diferentes redes sociales, así que, en este contexto, las empresas deben adaptarse al nuevo fenómeno de la comunicación social. Este artículo analiza el impacto de las redes sociales en la comunicación en la empresa, el nuevo consumidor social y sus nuevos hábitos de compra, las oportunidades de las empresas en las redes sociales y, finalmente, las tendencias y desafíos en un inminente futuro.
Energy use in water purification as criterion for selecting drinking water treatment technologies
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: May 2019

Quality of produced water is usually the criterion for selecting between different desalination technologies for turning seawater into drinking water. However, contemporary trend in drinking water treatment sees a convergence between different technologies for the same water quality. Hence, how do different desalination technologies differentiate amongst each other? Awareness of climate change impact as well as price of produced water, energy use per unit of treated water is an oft-used criterion for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of different desalination technologies. Specifically, comparing multi-effect flash evaporation and reverse osmosis, the latter enjoys a significant energy use advantage given the lack of the need for converting water into the vapor phase as in multi-effect flash evaporation. Thus, energy used in producing drinking water is significantly higher in multi-effect flash evaporation compared to the high pressure process of reverse osmosis. From the operation perspective, reverse osmosis also benefits from its ability to scale linearly in increasing water production capacity through addition of extra membrane modules, which is not the case for multi-effect flash evaporation where a new distillation column is required for significant increase in production capacity. Collectively, with the same quality of water produced by different desalination technologies, comparison between different technologies increasingly relies on the energy use per unit of produced water. Using this criterion, reverse osmosis membrane desalination has a significant advantage relative to multi-effect flash evaporation in energy cost, which translates to a lower price of produced water.
HIPERTENSI PADA KEHAMILAN: ANALISIS KASUS
Authors: Rachmawati Imami N.
Published: May 2019

AbstrakArtikel ini menggali aspek-aspek yang berkontribusi terhadap Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI). Pemaparan sebuah kasus hipertensi dalam kehamilan yang terjadi di salah satu kota besar akan menekankan bahwa ada dua penyebab kematian ibu yaitu penyebab langsung dan tidak langsung. Artikel ini mendiskusikan isyu persamaan jender yang berhubungan dengan AKI dan juga membahas program-program penurunan AKI saat ini. Sudahkah semuanya memandang perempuan sebagai individu yang holistik? Jika belum sudah saatnyalah kita mempertimbangkannya untuk hasil yang lebih baik. AbstractThis article explores what aspects contributing the maternal mortality rate (MMR). A case description regarding hypertensive disorders in pregnancy that happen in a big city will emphasize that cause of maternal death is direct and indirect factors. This article also discusses the gender issue due to MMR. Through this article we need to re-thinking regarding current programs to reduce MMR, have they view women as holistic individual.
Analysis of possible cases of acquisitive prescription of public properties presented on example of selected area
Authors: Trembecka Ann
Published: May 2019

The main purpose of this research paper is to analyze the conditions, extent, and reasonable grounds for the acquisitive prescription of public real properties (i.e., those owned by the state treasury and local government units), taking into account the exclusion time for public properties to be subject to the possibility of prescription. The acquisitive prescription of real properties is one of the methods used to regulate the legal status and for the owner to obtain a title of ownership for the property.The analysis was carried out on the example of the city of Krakow. This allowed me to assess the causes and effects as well as the scale of the practical implementation of this legal institution. The final results of the performed research study are proposed actions that should be taken as part of the public property management process aimed at protecting ownership rights by means of stopping the course of acquisitive prescription. The results of the research studies have proven the legitimacy of introducing legal regulations limiting the possibility of the acquisitive prescription of public properties.A comparison of the reasonable grounds and dates of the acquisitive prescription of the real properties in Poland with those in force in other countries (such as the United Kingdom and Germany) was also performed.
Pragmatic Mood Variation in Bilingual and Monolingual Yucatec Spanish
Authors: Bove Kathryn P
Published: May 2019

While linguists (e.g. Michnowicz 2009, 2012; Solomon 1996, 1999; Klee 2009) have described some of the  unique features of Yucatec Spanish related to the lexicon , the phonetic system, and syntactic structure, but no work has focused on pragmatics in this variety. The current study utilizes semantic/pragmatic interviews to investigate four cases of pragmatic mood alternation: Suspended Assertion, Reportative Distance, Individualized Reference, and Reactional Assertions. The results examined suggest important differences between monolingual and bilingual speaker reaction to pragmatic triggers. The bilingual Yucatec Maya/Spanish speakers’ perception of pragmatic change in mood varies between the four groups of pragmatic effects; the bilingual speakers were sensitive to Reactional Assertions and Reportative Distance but not sensitive to changes in Suspended Assertion or Individualized Reference. This demonstrates a difference in pragmatic sensitivity to mood selection between bilingual and monolingual speakers of this contact variety. Specifically, bilingual speakers select mood that patterns with monolingual speakers when it is syntactically motivated, but their mood selection differs in areas where this selection pragmatically motivated.
Bilabial fricatives in Mexican Spanish: A sociophonetic analysis
Authors: Robles-Puente Sergio , Vilches Aguado Jesús
Published: May 2019

Voiceless bilabial fricative productions ([ɸ]) have been widely reported for several Spanish dialects especially in America (Lenz 1940; Predmore 1945; Navarro Tomás 1943; Florez 1951; Boyd-Bowman 1960; Canfield 1981; among others). Most of these sources posit that the bilabial variant [ɸ] is more likely to be found in rural areas, that it is normally produced by speakers with a low educational level and that is generally followed by back (and rounded) vowels. Nevertheless, there is a need to formalize such observations and check to what extent these external and internal factors or others may be impacting the choice of this fricative over the more common [f]. In order to do so, eighteen speakers of Spanish from Guanajuato (Mexico), an area that has been reported to present both variants (Boyd-Bowman 1960), were recorded producing words with ‘f’. The analysis of 126 productions yielded the following results: a) speakers with a lower educational level (primary or secondary education) show more instances of the bilabial fricative [ɸ] than those that have attained higher degrees (university); b) older speakers and males tend to produce the vernacular variant [ɸ] more than younger speakers and females; and c) back round vowels (/o u/) are more likely to trigger the use of the bilabial fricative due to their articulatory similarities.
El 'se' en español: un caso de gramaticalización del léxico a la forma fonética
Authors: Carranza Fernando Martín
Published: May 2019

En este trabajo se discute en qué consiste la gramaticalización del pronombre se del latín al español a la luz de la teoría del se en español moderno como estrategia de reparación en Forma Fonética (Pujalte & Saab 2012 y trabajos posteriores). Para ello, en primer lugar demostramos que la evolución de este pronombre desde el latín clásico al español actual constituye un caso de gramaticalización tal como es definida en el marco de la Teoría de la Gramaticalización esbozada por Lehmann (1985, 2004, 2015). Esto se apoya en evidencia morfo-fonológica –la gradual pérdida de material fonológico, la homogeneización silábica del paradigma pronominal–, sintáctica –su progresiva falta de libertad sintáctica, i.e. su obligatoriedad y aumento de restricciones combinatorias y posicionales– y semántica –su pérdida de significado específico–. Luego de establecer el modo en que esos cambios se producen a lo largo de un recorrido que va del latín clásico al español actual pasando por el latín vulgar y el español medieval, se revisan las clasificaciones de tipos de gramaticalización de Roberts & Roussou (2003) y Kornfeld (2004). Se propone finalmente que, si el análisis del se de Pujalte & Saab (2012) está en lo correcto, debe agregarse a estas tipologías una variante que consiste en la reinterpretación de un elemento que es la manifestación fonológica de un determinado nodo presente en la sintaxis como un elemento de rescate introducido en Forma Fonética.
Crowdsourcing for Hispanic Linguistics: Amazon’s Mechanical Turk as a source of Spanish data
Authors: Ortega-Santos Iván
Published: May 2019

Within the field of Linguistics, Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, a crowdsourcing marketplace specializes in computer-based Human Intelligence Tasks, has been praised as a cost efficient source of data for English and other major languages. Spanish is a good candidate due to its presence within the US and beyond. Still, detailed information concerning the linguistic and demographic profile of Spanish-speaking ‘Turkers’ is missing, thus making it difficult for researchers to evaluate whether the Mechanical Turk provides the right environment for their tasks. This paper addresses this gap in our knowledge by developing the first detailed study of the presence of Spanish-speaking workers, focusing on factors relevant for research planning, namely, (socio)linguistically relevant variables and information concerning work habits. The results show that this platform provides access to a fairly active participant pool of both L1 and L2Spanish speakers as well as bilinguals. A brief introduction to how Amazon’s Mechanical Turk works and overview of Hispanic Linguistics projects that have so far used the Mechanical Turk successfully is included.
Returning a lost process by reintroducing a locally extinct digging marsupial
Authors: Munro Nicola T. , McIntyre Sue , Macdonald Ben , Cunningham Saul A. , Gordon Iain J. , Cunningham Ross B. , Manning Adrian D.
Published: May 2019

The eastern bettong (Bettongia gaimardi), a medium-sized digging marsupial, was reintroduced to a predator-free reserve after 100 years of absence from the Australian mainland. The bettong may have the potential to restore temperate woodlands degraded by a history of livestock grazing, by creating numerous small disturbances by digging. We investigated the digging capacity of the bettong and compared this to extant fauna, to answer the first key question of whether this species could be considered an ecosystem engineer, and ultimately if it has the capacity to restore lost ecological processes. We found that eastern bettongs were frequent diggers and, at a density of 0.3–0.4 animals ha−1, accounted for over half the total foraging pits observed (55%), with echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus), birds and feral rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) accounting for the rest. We estimated that the population of bettongs present dug 985 kg of soil per ha per year in our study area. Bettongs dug more where available phosphorus was higher, where there was greater basal area of Acacia spp. and where kangaroo grazing was less. There was no effect on digging of eucalypt stem density or volume of logs on the ground. While bettong digging activity was more frequent under trees, digging also occurred in open grassland, and bettongs were the only species observed to dig in scalds (areas where topsoil has eroded to the B Horizon). These results highlight the potential for bettongs to enhance soil processes in a way not demonstrated by the existing fauna (native birds and echidna), and introduced rabbit.
Enhanced mechanical, thermal and biocompatible nature of dual component electrospun nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Li Guanbao , Li Pinquan , Chen Qiuan , Mani Mohan Prasath , Jaganathan Saravana Kumar
Published: May 2019

Traditionally, in the Asian continent, oils are a widely accepted choice for alleviating bone-related disorders. The design of scaffolds resembling the extracellular matrix (ECM) is of great significance in bone tissue engineering. In this study, a multicomponent polyurethane (PU), canola oil (CO) and neem oil (NO) scaffold was developed using the electrospinning technique. The fabricated nanofibers were subjected to various physicochemical and biological testing to validate its suitability for bone tissue engineering. Morphological analysis of the multicomponent scaffold showed a reduction in fiber diameter (PU/CO—853 ± 141.27 nm and PU/CO/NO—633 ± 137.54 nm) compared to PU (890 ± 116.911 nm). The existence of CO and NO in PU matrix was confirmed by an infrared spectrum (IR) with the formation of hydrogen bond. PU/CO displayed a mean contact angle of 108.7° ± 0.58 while the PU/CO/NO exhibited hydrophilic nature with an angle of 62.33° ± 2.52. The developed multicomponent also exhibited higher thermal stability and increased mechanical strength compared to the pristine PU. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis depicted lower surface roughness for the nanocomposites (PU/CO—389 nm and PU/CO/NO—323 nm) than the pristine PU (576 nm). Blood compatibility investigation displayed the anticoagulant nature of the composites. Cytocompatibility studies revealed the non-toxic nature of the developed composites with human fibroblast cells (HDF) cells. The newly developed porous PU nanocomposite scaffold comprising CO and NO may serve as a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering.
Performance of Skim Goat Milk Mineral Content Subjected to the Block Freeze Concentration Process
Authors: Canella Maria Helena Machado , Barros Eulália Lopes da Silva , Camelo-Silva Callebe , Verruck Silvani , Daguer Heitor , Molognoni Luciano , Prudencio Elane Schwinden
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the goat milk mineral performance concentrated by block freeze concentration process. Twenty batches of skim goat milk, each one with one liter, were subjected until the third stage of the freeze concentration process. The initial skim goat milk, concentrated, and ice fractions obtained were analyzed by calcium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, sodium and potassium content. Results showed that phosphorus content not increased (P < 0.05) with the increase of freeze concentration stages, for concentrated and ice fractions. In the first stage of freeze concentration process, the magnesium element showed the higher (P < 0.05) efficiency (95%). However, the higher (P < 0.05) concentration factor was determinate to calcium element in the third stage of the process. Also, it was observed an increase in the minerals contents evaluated with the increasing of freeze concentration stages of skim goat milk. Based on results obtained in the present study, the skim goat milk concentrated obtained in the first stage showed the best performance of skim goat milk mineral content concentration.