bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRPV1 Contributes to Modulate the Nitric Oxide Pathway and Oxidative Stress in the Isolated and Perfused Rat Heart during Ischemia and Reperfusion
Authors: Castrejón-Téllez Vicente , del Valle-Mondragón Leonardo , Pérez-Torres Israel , Guarner-Lans Verónica , Pastelín-Hernández Gustavo , Ruiz-Ramírez Angélica , Díaz-Juárez Julieta Anabell , Varela-López Elvira , Oidor-Chan Víctor Hugo , Vargas-González Alvaro , Martínez-Memije Raúl , Flores-Chávez Pedro , León-Ruíz Bruno , Arriaga-Carrillo Sergio , Torres-Narváez Juan Carlos
Published: February 2022

The transient vanilloid receptor potential type 1 (TRPV1) regulates neuronal and vascular functions mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and by the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Here, we study the participation of TRPV1 in the regulation of myocardial injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion and in the control of NO, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the cGMP pathway, CGRP, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and phosphodiesterase-3 (PDE-3). Isolated hearts of Wistar rats perfused according to the Langendorff technique were used to study the effects of an agonist of TRPV1, capsaicin (CS), an antagonist, capsazepine (CZ), and their combination CZ+CS. The hearts were subjected to three conditions: (1) control, (2) ischemia and (3) ischemia-reperfusion. We determined cardiac mechanical activity and the levels of NO, cGMP, BH4, CGRP, TAC, MDA and PDE-3 in ventricular tissue after administration of CS, CZ and CZ+CS. Western blots were used to study the expressions of eNOS, iNOS and phosphorylated NOS (pNOS). Structural changes were determined by histological evaluation. CS prevented damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion by improving cardiac mechanical activity and elevating the levels of NO, cGMP, BH4, TAC and CGRP. TRPV1 and iNOS expression were increased under ischemic conditions, while eNOS and pNOS were not modified. We conclude that the activation of TRPV1 constitutes a therapeutic possibility to counteract the damage caused by ischemia and reperfusion by regulating the NO pathway through CGRP.
Recovery of Ammonium Sulfate Solution by Regeneration of Loaded Clinoptilolite
Authors: Wasielewski Stephan , Rott Eduard , Minke Ralf , Steinmetz Heidrun
Published: February 2022

The zeolite clinoptilolite (CLI) is known to be a very good ion exchanger, as it consists of a three-dimensional structure formed of AlO4− and SiO4 tetrahedral, which are connected by a common oxygen atom. The micropores formed by this structure (with free diameters in the range of 0.40 nm and 0.72 nm) are fine enough to allow cations and water molecules to enter and be exchanged. CLI is a suitable, inexpensive, and globally available material for removing ammonium from highly-concentrated wastewater and is proven to be selective in ammonium uptake and regeneration since no effect of the provenance of the ammonium (matrix-free NH4Cl solution or sludge water) could be found. However, regeneration of the clinoptilolite is necessary to recover the adsorbed ammonium for further use and restore its capability for ion exchange. Within this work, the method by which clinoptilolite, loaded with ammonium (q = 8.1–16.6 mg/g) from different sludge waters and ammonium chloride solution, can be regenerated to yield a stoichiometric ammonium sulfate solution (ASS), that could be used, e.g., as a fertilizer, was investigated. A regeneration solution containing Na2SO4 (0.25 n(Na2SO4)/n(NH4+ads)) with a varying NaOH ratio (0–2.14 n(NaOH)/n(NH4+ads)) was tested. To obtain a high ammonium concentration in the eluate, a large mass fraction ω of 284 g/kg of CLI in the regeneration solution was applied. The effects of different ammonium loads, different origins of the ammonium, and residual moisture on the necessary components of the regeneration solution, in which an ASS is obtained within a contact time of 10 min at 22 °C, were studied. A stoichiometric ASS from CLI loaded up to a maximum of 13.5 mg/g was obtained with a mixture of 0.25 n(Na2SO4)/n(NH4+ads) together with 0.8–1.0 n(NaOH)/n(NH4+ads) for dry CLI, and 0.75 n(NaOH)/n(NH4+ads) for CLI with residual moisture.
Quantitative Elasticity of Flexible Polymer Chains Using Interferometer-Based AFM
Authors: Ahlawat Vikhyaat , Deopa Surya Pratap S. , Patil Shivprasad
Published: February 2022

We estimate the elasticity of single polymer chains using atomic force microscope (AFM)-based oscillatory experiments. An accurate estimate of elasticity using AFM is limited by assumptions in describing the dynamics of an oscillating cantilever. Here, we use a home-built fiber-interferometry-based detection system that allows a simple and universal point-mass description of cantilever oscillations. By oscillating the cantilever base and detecting changes in cantilever oscillations with an interferometer, we extracted stiffness versus extension profiles for polymers. For polyethylene glycol (PEG) in a good solvent, stiffness–extension data showed significant deviation from conventional force–extension curves (FECs) measured in constant velocity pulling experiments. Furthermore, modeling stiffness data with an entropic worm-like chain (WLC) model yielded a persistence length of (0.5 ± 0.2 nm) compared to anomaly low value (0.12 nm ± 0.01) in conventional pulling experiments. This value also matched well with equilibrium measurements performed using magnetic tweezers. In contrast, polystyrene (PS) in a poor solvent, like water, showed no deviation between the two experiments. However, the stiffness profile for PS in good solvent (8M Urea) showed significant deviation from conventional force–extension curves. We obtained a persistence length of (0.8 ± 0.2 nm) compared to (0.22 nm ± 0.01) in pulling experiments. Our unambiguous measurements using interferometer yield physically acceptable values of persistence length. It validates the WLC model in good solvents but suggests caution for its use in poor solvents.
Ergo-Nutritional Intervention in Basketball: A Systematic Review
Authors: Escribano-Ott Ignacio , Calleja-González Julio , Mielgo-Ayuso Juan
Published: February 2022

Using nutritional supplements is a widespread strategy among basketball players to ensure the appropriate provision of energy and nutrients to avoid certain complaints. Particularly in basketball, there is no consensus on the type, quantity or form of use in which these supplements should be administered. Therefore, the main aim of this systematic review is to highlight the ergo-nutritional aids that may be effective in basketball. A structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA®) guidelines in the Medline/PubMed and Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases until 31 December 2021; no year restriction was applied to the search strategy. There were no filters applied to the basketball players’ level, gender, race, or age to increase the power of the analysis. The results of this systematic review have shown that the effective dose of caffeine to enhance anaerobic performance and the feeling of vigorousness and energy ranges from 3 to 6 mg·kg−1, showing more positive effects when is supplemented 60–75 min before exercise in the morning and in test-based task. On the other hand, vitamin E (ranging from 200 to 268 mg), vitamin D (10,000 IU) and EPA (2 g) may have a potential role in recovery and wellness. The primary limitation of this study is the scarcity of studies related to nutritional supplementation in basketball players. However, a major strength is that this is the first systematic review describing what ergo-nutritional aids may be specifically helpful for basketball. Despite the need for future studies, certain nutritional supplements may have promising advantages for basketball (long-term supplementation of nitrates for recovery), whereas others (β-alanine, sodium bicarbonate, and acute nitrate supplementation) might theoretically be regarded as not interesting for basketball, or even not recommended by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) as bovine colostrum.
Impact of COVID-19 Infection and Persistent Lingering Symptoms on Patient Reported Indicators of Nutritional Risk and Malnutrition
Authors: Deer Rachel R. , Hosein Erin , Harvey Madelyn , Nguyen Trang , Givan Amy , Hamilton Megan , Turner Kayla , Kretzmer Rae , Rock Madeline , Swartz Maria C. , Seashore Justin , Brown Blair , Messenger Christopher
Published: February 2022

Persistent malnutrition after COVID-19 infection may worsen outcomes, including delayed recovery and increased risk of rehospitalization. This study aimed to determine dietary intakes and nutrient distribution patterns after acute COVID-19 illness. Findings were also compared to national standards for intake of energy, protein, fruit, and vegetables, as well as protein intake distribution recommendations. Participants (≥18 years old, n = 92) were enrolled after baseline visit at the Post-COVID Recovery Clinic. The broad screening battery included nutritional assessment and 24-h dietary recall. Participants were, on average, 53 years old, 63% female, 69% non-Hispanic White, and 59% obese/morbidly obese. Participants at risk for malnutrition (48%) experienced significantly greater symptoms, such as gastric intestinal issues, loss of smell, loss of taste, or shortness of breath; in addition, they consumed significantly fewer calories. Most participants did not meet recommendations for fruit or vegetables. Less than 39% met the 1.2 g/kg/day proposed optimal protein intake for recovery from illness. Protein distribution throughout the day was skewed; only 3% met the recommendation at all meals, while over 30% never met the threshold at any meal. Our findings highlight the need for nutritional education and support for patients to account for lingering symptoms and optimize recovery after COVID-19 infection.
IL-17A, IL-17E and IL-17F as Potential Biomarkers for the Intensity of Low-Grade Inflammation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Obese People
Authors: Polak-Szczybyło Ewelina , Tabarkiewicz Jacek
Published: February 2022

Low-grade inflammation is a factor that predisposes to many obesity-related comorbidities. The immune mechanisms controlling the inflammatory response related to the secretory activity of adipocytes and its consequences for the organism are still under investigation. Methods: 84 obese adult volunteers (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were tested by BIA. Serum samples were collected to analyze the concentrations of interleukins IL-17A, IL-17E and IL-17F. The subjects completed the original questionnaire, the FFQ-6 food consumption frequency questionnaire and the food diary. Results: The level of IL-17E and IL-17F was positively correlated with the BMI value and the level of IL-17E increased with the content of subcutaneous fat. Its increased blood concentration was also observed in individuals who declared that they were diagnosed with atherosclerosis and/or were taking beta-blockers. Products that were related with a low level of the above-mentioned interleukins were vegetables, groats, eggs, red meat, fast-food and alcohol. The level of these interleukins was positively correlated with the frequent consumption of confectionery and breakfast cereals. Nutrients that decreased the concentrations of IL-17 isoforms were potassium, iron, vitamins B6 and C, and folic acid. Conclusions: Both IL-17E and IL-17F may be closely related to the intensity of low-grade inflammation and be biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk. Food products or the nutrients they contain may affect the levels of the above-mentioned interleukins as well as IL-17A.
Glucose Uptake by Skeletal Muscle within the Contexts of Type 2 Diabetes and Exercise: An Integrated Approach
Authors: Hulett Nicholas A. , Scalzo Rebecca L. , Reusch Jane E. B.
Published: February 2022

Type 2 diabetes continues to negatively impact the health of millions. The inability to respond to insulin to clear blood glucose (insulin resistance) is a key pathogenic driver of the disease. Skeletal muscle is the primary tissue for maintaining glucose homeostasis through glucose uptake via insulin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Skeletal muscle is also responsive to exercise-meditated glucose transport, and as such, exercise is a cornerstone for glucose management in people with type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle glucose uptake requires a concert of events. First, the glucose-rich blood must be transported to the skeletal muscle. Next, the glucose must traverse the endothelium, extracellular matrix, and skeletal muscle membrane. Lastly, intracellular metabolic processes must be activated to maintain the diffusion gradient to facilitate glucose transport into the cell. This review aims to examine the physiology at each of these steps in healthy individuals, analyze the dysregulation affecting these pathways associated with type 2 diabetes, and describe the mechanisms by which exercise acts to increase glucose uptake.
Obesity and Cancer: Potential Mediation by Dysregulated Dietary Phosphate
Authors: Brown Ronald B.
Published: February 2022

Next to smoking, obesity is the second leading preventable risk factor for cancer, but increasing rates of obesity and overweight are estimated to overtake smoking as the leading preventable cancer risk factor. Few research studies have investigated the dysregulated endocrine metabolism of dietary phosphate as a potential mediating factor in the association of obesity with cancer. Phosphate toxicity, the accumulation of excess phosphate in the body from dysregulated phosphate metabolism, is associated with tumorigenesis. High levels of hormones that regulate phosphate metabolism, such as parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23, are also associated with obesity, providing a potential link between obesity and phosphate toxicity. Increased dietary intake of inorganic phosphate is linked to excessive consumption of foods processed with phosphate additives, and consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with an increase in the incidence of obesity. Sugar-sweetened beverages provide the single largest source of sugar and energy intake in the U.S. population, and colas containing phosphoric acid are associated with tumorigenesis, suggesting another potential connection between obesity and cancer. Furthermore, dietary phosphate is positively correlated with increases in obesity, central obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The present perspective article proposes that dysregulated dietary phosphate potentially mediates the association of obesity with cancer.
Phosphomimetic Tyrosine Mutations in Spa47 Inhibit Type Three Secretion ATPase Activity and Shigella Virulence Phenotype
Authors: Hardy Koleton D. , Dickenson Nicholas E.
Published: February 2022

Shigella is a highly infectious human pathogen responsible for 269 million infections and 200,000 deaths per year. Shigella virulence is absolutely reliant on the injection of effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm via its type three secretion system (T3SS). The protein Spa47 is a T3SS ATPase whose activity is essential for the proper function of the Shigella T3SS needle-like apparatus through which effectors are secreted. A phosphoproteomics study recently found several Shigella T3SS proteins, including Spa47, to be tyrosine phosphorylated, suggesting a means of regulating Spa47 enzymatic activity, T3SS function, and overall Shigella virulence. The work presented here employs phosphomimetic mutations in Spa47 to probe the effects of phosphorylation at these targeted tyrosines through in vitro radiometric ATPase assays and circular dichroism as well as in vivo characterization of T3SS secretion activity, erythrocyte hemolysis, and cellular invasion. Results presented here demonstrate a direct correlation between Spa47 tyrosine phosphorylation state, Spa47 ATPase activity, T3SS function, and Shigella virulence. Together, these findings provide a strong foundation that leads the way to uncovering the specific pathway(s) that Shigella employ to mitigate wasteful ATP hydrolysis and effector protein secretion when not required as well as T3SS activation in preparation for host infection and immune evasion.
Nitroaromatic Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Denny William A.
Published: February 2022

The presence of “hypoxic” tissue (with O2 levels of <0.1 mmHg) in solid tumours, resulting in quiescent tumour cells distant from blood vessels, but capable of being reactivated by reoxygenation following conventional therapy (radiation or drugs), have long been known as a limitation to successful cancer chemotherapy. This has resulted in a sustained effort to develop nitroaromatic “hypoxia-activated prodrugs” designed to undergo enzyme-based nitro group reduction selectively in these hypoxic regions, to generate active drugs. Such nitro-based prodrugs can be classified into two major groups; those activated either by electron redistribution or by fragmentation following nitro group reduction, relying on the extraordinary difference in electron demand between an aromatic nitro group and its reduction products. The vast majority of hypoxia-activated fall into the latter category and are discussed here classed by the nature of their nitroaromatic trigger units.
Pyrvinium Pamoate and Structural Analogs Are Early Macrofilaricide Leads
Authors: Gunderson Emma L. , Bryant Clifford , Bulman Christina A. , Fischer Chelsea , Luo Mona , Vogel Ian , Lim Kee-Chong , Jawahar Shabnam , Tricoche Nancy , Voronin Denis , Corbo Christopher , Ayiseh Rene B. , Manfo Faustin P. T. , Mbah Glory E. , Cho-Ngwa Fidelis , Beerntsen Brenda , Renslo Adam R. , Lustigman Sara , Sakanari Judy A.
Published: February 2022

Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis are neglected tropical diseases caused by infection with filarial worms. Annual or biannual mass drug administration with microfilaricidal drugs that kill the microfilarial stages of the parasites has helped reduce infection rates and thus prevent transmission of both infections. However, success depends on high population coverage that is maintained for the duration of the adult worm’s lifespan. Given that these filarial worms can live up to 14 years in their human hosts, a macrofilaricidal drug would vastly accelerate elimination efforts. Here, we have evaluated the repurposed drug pyrvinium pamoate as well as newly synthesized analogs of pyrvinium for their efficacy against filarial worms in vitro and in vivo. We found that pyrvinium pamoate, tetrahydropyrvinium and one of the analogs were highly potent in inhibiting worms in in vitro whole-worm screening assays, and that all three compounds reduced female worm fecundity and inhibited embryogenesis in the Brugia pahangi-gerbil in vivo model of infection.
SAMe, Choline, and Valproic Acid as Possible Epigenetic Drugs: Their Effects in Pregnancy with a Special Emphasis on Animal Studies
Authors: Ornoy Asher , Weinstein-Fudim Liza , Becker Maria
Published: February 2022

In this review, we discuss the functions and main effects on pregnancy outcomes of three agents that have the ability to induce epigenetic modifications: valproic acid (VPA), a well-known teratogen that is a histone deacetylase inhibitor; S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), the most effective methyl donor; and choline, an important micronutrient involved in the one methyl group cycle and in the synthesis of SAMe. Our aim was to describe the possible effects of these compounds when administered during pregnancy on the developing embryo and fetus or, if administered postnatally, their effects on the developing child. These substances are able to modify gene expression and possibly alleviate neurobehavioral changes in disturbances that have epigenetic origins, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), depression, Rett syndrome, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Valproic acid and SAMe are antagonistic epigenetic modulators whether administered in utero or postnatally. However, VPA is a major human teratogen and, whenever possible, should not be used by pregnant women. Most currently relevant data come from experimental animal studies that aimed to explore the possibility of using these substances as epigenetic modifiers and possible therapeutic agents. In experimental animals, each of these substances was able to alleviate the severity of several well-known diseases by inducing changes in the expression of affected genes or by other yet unknown mechanisms. We believe that additional studies are needed to further explore the possibility of using these substances, and similar compounds, for the treatment of ”epigenetic human diseases”.
Źródła do badań nad zbiorowością nauczycieli Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w zbiorach rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego
Authors: Kula Ewa
Published: February 2022

1803–1832 m. laikotarpiu veikusi Vilniaus švietimo apygarda apėmė 8 gubernijas: Vilniaus, Gardino, Minsko, Vitebsko, Mogiliavo, Podolės, Voluinės ir Kijevo, t. y. beveik visą buvusios Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės teritoriją ir dalį Lenkijos Karalystei priklausiusių pietrytinių vaivadijų. Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekos Rankraščių skyriuje saugomi Vilniaus švietimo apygardos dokumentai yra viena iš svarbiausių šaltinių bazių šios institucijos moksliniams tyrimams atlikti. Tai Rankraščių skyriaus fondo Nr. 2 dokumentai, apimantys vadinamąjį kunigaikščių Čartoriskių depozitą (Senasis Vilniaus universitetas. Vilniaus švietimo apygardos globėjo kanceliarija, F2 DC) bei Adomo Čartoriskio kuratoriumo šaltinius (F2 KC). Švietimo institucijų veiklą Vilniaus švietimo apygardos teritorijose liudijančios dokumentų visumos analizė atveria unikalias galimybes nustatyti Tautinės edukacinės komisijos mokyklose savo veiklą pradėjusių mokytojų, kurie ir po 1803 m. liko dirbti švietimo srityje, karjeras. Mokytojų profesinės grupės veiklai tirti svarbiausios yra trys dokumentų grupės. Daugiausia biografinių duomenų teikia vadinamieji „tarnybiniai lapai“, atspindintys mokytojų darbo vietas ir užimamas pareigas. Kiek mažiau informatyvūs yra Vilniaus švietimo apygardos mokyklų vizitacijų protokolai. Trečią šaltinių grupę sudaro kunigaikščių Čartoriskių depozite saugomi vadinamieji „Polinskio dokumentai“ (Teka Polińskiego), kuriuose taip pat galima rasti informacijos apie pedagogus ir jų veiklą. Visi šie šaltiniai papildo duomenis apie Vilniaus švietimo apygardos mokytojus nauja biografinio pobūdžio informacija, tokia kaip gimimo ir mirties datos, išsilavinimas, kilmė, šeiminė padėtis, darbo vieta, pedagoginės karjeros trukmė ir pan. Mokytojų kaip profesinės grupės tyrimams taip pat unikalios reikšmės turi dokumentai, teikiantys informacijos apie mokytojų išsilavinimą, jų darbo stažą, darbinius santykius bei konkretaus mokytojo veiklos įvertinimą, kurį pateikdavo mokyklos vadovybė. Faktas, kad didžioji dalis įvairiose vietovėse XVIII a. paskutiniaisiais metais dirbusių mokytojų po Abiejų Tautų Respublikos sunaikinimo išsaugojo savo ankstesniąsias darbo vietas, leidžia daryti prielaidą apie šių pedagogų kvalifikaciją ir kompetenciją. Šaltiniai taip pat leidžia giliau pažinti, kokį vaidmenį mokytojų bendrija atliko Rusijos okupuotose Abiejų Tautų Respublikos teritorijose pirmaisiais nelaisvės metais, ugdydama mokinius bei rodydama pavyzdį jaunesniesiems kolegoms.
Juozapato Mykolo Karpio karjeros pradžia Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės kanclerio Karolio Stanislovo Radvilos aplinkoje
Authors: Pangonytė Rugilė
Published: February 2022

In the eighteenth century an individual would realize oneself by being a part of a wider group of people. A successful career in the state service would be impossible by just having some connections. A great example of this theory is Juozapatas Mykolas Karpis (1679–1739), who in the beginning of the career was able to enter the circle of the Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Karolis Stanislovas Radvila (1669–1719). Seemingly, K. S. Radvila and his circle had a big influence on the further career of J. M. Karpis. This assumption is based on a source found in the Sėla Museum of Biržai. This source is comprised of the letters from various people written to J. M. Karpis in 1720–1722, when he worked in the episcopate of Vilnius. Some letters are from the years prior to that. It is a new source for historiography, and the letters enrich the research on J. M. Karpis with new information. They reveal his work and, most importantly, the environment in which he acted. Many of the names were not mentioned in the research on J. M. Karpis earlier. So, the main aim is to identify the connections forged in the circle of the Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and their influence to J. M. Karpis’ career. Next in this research, after a short presentation of the direct influence of K. S. Radvila to J. M. Karpis’ career, the environment is explored in which J. M. Karpis was most active and a few important figures that helped him to reach higher positions are identified. It is important to mention that in this article we analyse two separate periods of J. M. Karpis’ life to show the lasting links between those two episodes. Hereby, the method of prosopography comes handy. It helps to find connections between J. M. Karpis, his patron K. S. Radvila and the people mentioned in the letters. This kind of analysis allows for the separation of the most important individuals in his circle and tracking the impact of K. S. Radvila to J. M. Karpis’ career.
Excommunicating the Faithful: Jewish Christianity in the Early Church
Authors: Howard Kenneth W.
Published: February 2022

Excommunicating the Faithful traces the development of Jewish Christianity from among the earliest Jesus followers through its apparent disappearance in the fourth or fifth century. The author’s thesis is that among Jewish Christians in the early Church, there existed at least one Jewish Christian sect whose theology stood within the acceptable boundaries of orthodoxy at that time and existed through at least the fifth century, at which point it was declared heretical by the Church Fathers and eventually died out despite the fact that it considered itself part of the greater Church. The author’s thesis also suggests that the increasing antipathy of the Church toward Jewish Christianity was the result of a variety of interrelated influences operating over several centuries. Some of these influences included the changing demographics of the Church and the accompanying clash of cultures; the increasing isolation of Jewish Christianity from the predominantly Gentile Church; power struggles between competing Christian communities in Palestine, as well as Rome’s interest in asserting its primacy; and theological and pastoral concerns, which were well-intentioned but resulted in increasingly narrow views of orthodoxy and orthopraxis; and lasting anti-Jewish sentiments throughout the Empire, some of which still exist today.
Les biens communaux en France au XIXe siècle. Perspectives de recherches
Authors: Vivier Nadine
Published: February 2022

Les luttes intenses autour des biens communaux sont reconnues mais l'analyse du comportement des paysans n'a donné lieu à aucune synthèse. Celle-ci se heurte à l'imprécision et à la subjectivité de sources abondantes ainsi qu'à la grande diversité des situations régionales en France. Les historiens, comme les hommes du XIXe siècle, ont trop exclusivement essayé d'expliquer l'attachement des usagers par les motivations économiques et sociales, ou même par une attitude archaïque. L'article suggère de mieux prendre en considération un autre aspect : les communaux sont un moyen d’identification de la communauté.
Campagnes des Gaules. Un « possible » tableau archéologique
Authors: Fiches Jean-Luc
Published: February 2022

Cet article témoigne du renouveau des études archéologiques sur le monde rural gaulois et gallo-romain. Stimulé par une programmation plus rigoureuse de la recherche, des pratiques pluridisciplinaires et la multiplication des interventions de sauvetage, ce renouveau est marqué par la parution d'études spécialisées sur l'habitat rural, la morphologie agraire, les productions et les techniques agropastorales, et le développement d'études régionales visant à caractériser les structures agraires antiques dans leurs différentes composantes. Des synthèses, destinées à être lues au-delà du cercle des spécialistes, brossent des tableaux enrichis par des découvertes nombreuses et des préoccupations nouvelles, rappellent le rôle majeur des arpenteurs romains dans la construction des paysages, ou exposent les fondements méthodologiques d'une archéologie qui, désormais, prend en compte non seulement le site fouillé mais le milieu qu'il contrôlait.
Créer, discipliner et diriger le désordre. Le contrôle du processus de travail paysan : une proposition sur son articulation (Xe-XIe siècle)
Authors: Barceló Miquel
Published: February 2022

To create, order and manage disorder. The control of the agricultural work process: a proposal concerning its structuring.

The aim of this paper is to show how the control over peasant work - usually referred to as «rent» in institutional terms - could eventually permeate the very organisation of production, and thus, increasingly orient it towards a selection of plants most amenable to being stocked, transformed and commercialized. All this implied an increasingly active and rigorous discipline of peasant work. As a result, the erosive process to which peasant capacity for self-management was submitted would finally end up in a definitive loss of peasant autonomy.
Sociétés rurales bourguignonnes au XIXe siècle. Autour des travaux de Pierre Goujon, Pierre Lévêque et Marcel Vigreux
Authors: Bleton-Ruget Annie
Published: February 2022

Le rapprochement des études régionales menées sur différents ensembles bourguignons (la Bourgogne de Pierre Lévêque, le Morvan de Marcel Vigreux, le Vignoble de Saône-et-Loire de Pierre Goujon) permet d'établir un premier bilan des connaissances sur les sociétés rurales bourguignonnes au XIXe siècle. Le modèle labroussien mis en œuvre par les auteurs et l'importance accordée par ces derniers à l'analyse des modalités de politisation de la paysannerie font émerger l'extrême diversité de ces sociétés (même à l'échelon très local), leur unité parfois paradoxale d'un lieu à un autre, ainsi que leur capacité de résistance aux changements de conjoncture économique. La précision de ces travaux, leur richesse informative, les éléments comparatifs qu'ils offrent, permettent aujourd'hui de tenter une réflexion sur d'autres modes de lecture et de découpage des sociétés rurales au XIXe siècle.
Les journées rurales de Dijon en 1927. La Jeune République et les paysans
Authors: Vigreux Jean
Published: February 2022

The 1927 "rural days" of Dijon. The "Jeune République" and the peasantry.

The "rural days" of Dijon, organized by the Jeune République in the spring of 1927, focussed on agricultural problems, but also on the various agrarian systems and types of crops, and on social and cultural questions, both in Burgundy and elsewhere in France, the topic depending on which representatives were present. These "rural days" are known thanks to a report written by the Italian Christian Democrat Guido Miglioli who attended these meetings. When he sent his report to the agrarian department of the Communist International (Krestintem), Guido Miglioli provided very accurate summaries of the statements put forward in Dijon, but above all he illustrated the fact that connections between the CI and other political movements could exist during the Bukarin era ; those connections would be brought to life again under the Popular Front.
Les moulins de Barbegal dans leur environnement. Archéologie et histoire économique de l'Antiquité
Authors: Leveau Philippe
Published: February 2022

De nouvelles fouilles et une étude géo-archéologique posent en termes nouveaux l'interprétation des moulins romains de Barbegal, monument qui servit aux historiens à illustrer le thème du blocage des techniques par le mode de production esclavagiste. La période de fonctionnement de l'établissement comme établissement industriel a été revue (IIe-IIIe siècle, et non plus IVe siècle). Une approche écologique ou environnementale permet de replacer le monument dans la «longue durée» de l'histoire d'une unité paysagère - la vallée des Baux -, où l'archéologie peut démêler l'enchevêtrement des dynamiques naturelles et des aménagements humains.
Les communautés rurales en France. Définitions et problèmes (XVe-XIXe siècle)
Authors: Follain Antoine
Published: February 2022

Rural communities in France : definitions and questions (XVth-XIXth century)

In the 1970s and 1980s, a synthesis of the study of rural communities in France was expected to be within reach. But research has increasingly focussed on some questions while neglecting others, such as politics. There have been few studies of the years 1450 to 1650, whereas the end of the Old Regime and the Revolution have attracted widespread interest ; similarly, parish communities (communautés paroissiales) were less studied than local communes (communautés municipales), which looked more like the municipal units created during the Revolution. There is still no synthesis for most regions, and there is a complete lack of comparative works. We do not have yet the necessary elements for such a work, which is difficult to undertake anyway since the topic under study is far from being clearly defined. Therefore this article is less a synthesis than a work aiming at raising questions of terminology (what does «village community», communauté villageoise, means ?), at warning historians against assessing the strength of a community from a strictly agrarian vantage point, at reasserting some of its basic structuring principles and at encouraging comparative studies even over a long period of time, while recalling at all times that a community is a place, a territory and a people all at once. It is hard to count rural communities : the 1789-1790 administrative redistricting into communes might be used as a basis, but nowhere was it accepted as final, and the first serious estimates can be worked out only for An II. The resilience of the network of communes and sections de communes throughout the XIXth century demonstrates the continued importance of localism, of the esprit de localité.
L’école au village aujourd’hui. Carte scolaire et monde rural
Authors: Lerch Dominique
Published: February 2022

Village schools today. School districts and the rural world. Dominique Lerch

In the public mind, the school, just as much as the church spire, is an integral part of the village. However, for several decades now, each redistricting of the school system has reduced the weight of the one-classroom séhoolè, which were very often the only manifestation of State service in the villages. Having examined the process through which these schools are closed (number of pupils, minimum statutory threshold, but also parental choices and municipal investments in education), this paper sets out the constitutive elements underpinning a return to the one-room school, often managed by primary schoolteachers inspired by the Freinet method, and analyzes the recent debate sparked by various official reports (Mauger, Lebossé), stressing the complex nature of the choices faced, the diversity of the available responses, and the tensions which can be discovered in this area. The presentation of elements for a Europe-wide comparative approach may enrich the debate, which is also fed in a rather unexpected way by a «silent revolution » taking place at the level of the parish.
Clima urbano nas metrópoles e seus impactos ambientais / Urban climate in metropolises and its environmental impacts
Authors: Lombardo Magda Adelaide , Fruehauf Amanda  Lombardo , Pellegrino Paulo Renato Mesquita
Published: February 2022

Nas metrópoles, as alterações na atmosfera passam a ser exacerbadas e tem influência na escala regional. As propriedades meteorológicas, do ar ficam fortemente modificado, criando um tipo climático, denominado clima urbano. As características da Ilha de Calor são relacionadas com a natureza intrínseca da cidade e com as influências externas da dinâmica climática regional, condições predominantes do tempo atmosférico e variações sazonais. Neste trabalho, foi utilizada a geotecnologia, com enfoque no Sistema de Informação Geográfica, Quantum Gis, para mapeamento do uso e ocupação da terra, campo térmico e índice de vegetação. Assim, este trabalho visa analisar as características do clima urbano na metrópole de São Paulo, com base nos mapas, a fim de avaliar os impactos ambientais. A modificação do clima pelo homem exerce uma influência mais qualitativa do que quantitativa. Neste contexto destacam-se a importância de estudos integrados e multidisciplinares, visando a qualidade de vida do homem urbano.
Tratamento endodontico em elemento dentario com lesão periapical: revisão de literatura / Endodontic treatment in dental element with periapical lesion: literature review
Authors: De Oliveira Amanda Farias , De Souza Érika Maia , Mendes Júlia Maria Faia , Fernandes Ozeir Cavalcante , Goes Silas Fernandes , Barbosa Karina Alessandra Guimarães , Meira Gabriela de Figueiredo , Da Silva André Luiz Cabral
Published: February 2022

O diagnóstico das periapicopatias de origem endodôntica sendo a Periodontite Apical a alteração patológica mais perceptível diante de um quadro infeccioso é parte primordial para a elaboração de um plano de tratamento, visando o controle microbiano que irá proporcionar condições adequadas para a neoformação tecidual das estruturas periodontais perdidas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as principais causas e estratégias adotadas para o tratamento dos fatores etiológicos da Periodontite Apical. Os dados coletados para a elaboração do presente trabalho foram através da revisão de literatura, pesquisa bibliográfica por artigos selecionados nas plataformas Pubmed, Scielo, BDTD, Periódicos, artigos originais publicados em português e inglês. Os autores concluíram que a Periodontite Apical é uma doença multifatorial, que requer estratégias minuciosas para que seja promovida a adequada descontaminação do canal radicular reduzindo a carga bacteriana e controlando os seus subprodutos, diminuindo ou sessando a resposta inflamatória promovida nos tecidos periodontais e a sua completa remodelação.
O processo de formulação dos indicadores de excelência da avaliação realizada nos cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu elaborados pela CAPES / The formulation process of the excellence indicators of the assessment carried out in the stricto sensu graduate courses prepared by CAPES
Authors: Santos Ynara Victoria Borges , França Eliacir Neves
Published: February 2022

No Brasil, os cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu são avaliados pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) desde 1988 no âmbito do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da pós-graduação (SNPG) com o fito de garantir a qualidade dos cursos de Mestrado e Doutorado no país. Portanto, a pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar como acontece o processo de formulação dos indicadores de excelência da avaliação realizada pela CAPES e, assim, contribuir com informações sobre o processo de avaliação dos cursos e programas de pós-graduação no país. A teoria que sustentou a análise dos dados dessa pesquisa foi aquela elaborada por Michel Aglietta no âmbito da escola francesa de regulação. Nossa hipótese foi que o processo de elaboração dos indicadores de excelência visa garantir a qualidade da formação oferecida para suscitar e motivar acordos internacionais e a criação de rankings. A metodologia utilizada para a coleta dos dados foi a pesquisa documental. Os dados foram coletados nos sítios do Ministério da Educação e da CAPES e tratou-se de documentos legais e relatórios. O instrumento de análise dos dados que utilizamos foi a análise de conteúdo na perspectiva de Lawrence Bardin.  Esperamos, com os resultados dessa pesquisa, ampliar os conhecimentos acerca dos processos de avaliação conduzidos pela CAPES.
A saúde mental dos profissionais da saúde durante a pandemia da Covid-19: revisão integrativa / Mental health of health professionals during the Covid-19 pandemic: an integrative review
Authors: Silva Francine Andressa Nabuco de Mello , Silva Patrícia de Albuquerque , Silva Allyson Willian Rodrigues , Gomes Artur Bruno Silva , Aragão Simone Silva da Costa , Pereira Valéria Antonia , Quintiliano Kátia Macário Santos , Araújo Linda Concita Nunes
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Durante o período pandêmico da Covid-19, a saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde foi diretamente impactada e sujeita a altos níveis de estresse e ao sofrimento psíquico. Desse modo, faz-se necessário estratégias assertivas para diminuir o número de casos de adoecimento mental. Objetivo: Identificar os impactos da pandemia da Covid-19 na saúde mental dos profissionais da saúde. Método: O estudo foi definido como uma revisão integrativa, por meio da aplicação da estratégia de busca nas fontes de dados SciELO e PubMed. Resultados: Foram selecionados 28 artigos que respondiam as perguntas de pesquisas. Discussão: Os estudos apontam o sofrimento psíquico em decorrência da pandemia da Covid-19 em vários países, alertando para a maior probabilidade nos profissionais jovens, do gênero feminino e os profissionais de enfermagem. Conclusão: É possível identificar que o cenário pandêmico está impactando a saúde mental e a qualidade de vida dos profissionais de saúde.
Ciclo de Melhoria Contínua da Produção Enxuta considerando o desempenho ambiental: uma proposta conceitual estruturada no método DMAIC / Continuous Improvement Cycle of Lean Manufacturing considering environmental performance: a conceptual proposal structured on DMAIC method
Authors: Queiroz Geandra Alves
Published: February 2022

As empresas operam em um ambiente cada vez mais dinâmico e competitivo, tornando imprescindível atender adequadamente às necessidades dos consumidores. Na atualidade, estas demandas foram ampliadas e, além de custo, qualidade, velocidade de entrega e identifica-se um mercado que passa a cobrar pela redução dos impactos ambientais gerados pelos produtos e processos. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver uma proposta de um ciclo de melhoria contínua estruturado no ciclo DMAIC (Definir, Medir, Analisar, Melhorar e Controlar) para implantação de melhorias que considere indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental em ambientes de Produção Enxuta. O método de pesquisa utilizado para alcançar o objetivo proposto foi o Teórico- Conceitual. Com base nas evidências teóricas, gerou-se a proposta, a qual poderá orientar as empresas de manufatura que desejam implantar as abordagens da Produção Enxuta e considerar o desempenho ambiental e econômico em suas melhorias.
O meio rural e a utilização das tic: reflexões a partir da pesquisa produtor rural SEBRAE 2017 / The rural environment and the use of icts: reflections from the SEBRAE 2017 rural producer survey
Authors: Da Cunha Jhose Iale Camêlo , Da Conceição Ariane Fernandes , De Freitas Alair Ferreira , Schneider Sergio
Published: February 2022

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os dados de acesso a internet pelos agricultores brasileiros no ano de 2017. Para tanto, como metodologia recorreu-se a uma revisão de literatura, bem como ao acesso e análise dos dados de pesquisa desenvolvida pelo Sebrae sobre a utilização das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação, junto aos agricultores que tiveram atendimento em 2016 que constam na base de dados do Siacweb e/ou empresa com CNAE do setor de agropecuária, selecionando os estados de Minas Gerais (MG), Rio Grande do Norte (RN) e Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Observou-se que a utilização da internet por parte dos agricultores pode contribuir de forma positiva na gestão da propriedade bem como na comercialização dos produtos. Os resultados apontam que houve um aumento considerável no acesso à internet por parte dos agricultores, principalmente levando em conta o acesso a partir de seus celulares ou smartphones. A partir dos dados, foi verificado um aumento significativo do número de domicílios rurais com acesso à internet. As considerações finais pressupõem que é necessário o investimento em infraestrutura, uma vez que o acesso à internet, seja por computador, mas massivamente pelo smartphone, proporcionam benefícios aos agricultores no que tange acesso à preços, mercados e novas formas de produção.
A atuação dos consórcios públicos de saúde da macrorregião Norte do Paraná junto aos municípios no enfrentamento da pandemia pela COVID-19 / The performance of public health consortiums in the North macroregion of Paraná against municipalities
Authors: Batista Gian Claudio , Carvalho Brígida Gimenez , Da Silva João Felipe Marques , Gomes Juliana Stuqui Mastine
Published: February 2022

Os consórcios intermunicipais de saúde foram constituídos na década de 1990, especialmente para organizar e ampliar a assistência especializada à população residente nos municípios consorciados. A ocorrência da Pandemia pela Covid-19 exigiu que os consórcios passassem por mudanças na sua forma de atuação. Com o objetivo de analisar as ações desenvolvidas pelos Consórcios Públicos de Saúde (CPS) da Macrorregião norte do Paraná, em apoio aos municípios no enfrentamento de situações decorrentes da Pandemia da Covid-19, foi desenvolvido este estudo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa. Participaram do estudo 29 entrevistados, entre gestores municipais, servidores das Regionais de Saúde, diretores dos consórcios e apoiadores do conselho de secretarias municipais de saúde As entrevistas foram realizadas via remota, por meio do aplicativo Google Meet, utilizando roteiro semiestruturado, que continha questões sobre atividades foram desenvolvidas pelos CPS durante a pandemia e, foram realizadas no período de dezembro de 2020 a março de 2021. As falas foram gravadas e transcritas e analisadas por meio da análise de discurso. Dentre os resultados destacam-se: a criação de estratégias com intuito de normatizar o funcionamento dos consórcios, por meio de planos de contingência. Em algumas especialidades foram retomados os atendimentos aos usuários, por meio de atuação conjunta com os municípios, realizando o teleatendimento. Também foi prestado apoio aos gestores e trabalhadores dos municípios, com a criação de um canal de conversa sobre Covid no Youtube, com a criação do fórum de prefeitos, realização de ações de capacitação de profissionais da atenção primária e identificação de profissionais médicos para atender os municípios. Houve auxílio aos municípios na aquisição de materiais e insumos, fornecimento de EPIs, álcool em gel e contribuindo com os municípios na realização de licitações ou na identificação de fornecedores com menores preços. Também foi instituído o disque COVID, com o objetivo de organizar e divulgar informações seguras. Conclui-se que os CPS cooperaram com os municípios no enfrentamento aos problemas ocasionados pela Covid-19, com intuito de reduzir os danos causado pela Pandemia e retornar de maneira segura ao atendimento da população usuária.