bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valorization of second cheese whey through cultivation of extremophile microalga Galdieria sulphuraria
Authors: Russo Giovanni L. ,   Department of Agricultural Sciences, Unit of Food Science and Technology - University of Naples Federico Ⅱ, 80055, Portici, Italy, Langellotti Antonio L. , Oliviero Maria , Baselice Marco , Sacchi Raffaele , Masi Paolo ,   CAISIAL, University of Naples Federico Ⅱ, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
Published: August 2021

Second cheese whey (SCW) or "scotta" in Italian, is a side-stream from the manufacturing of "Ricotta" cheese, obtained after thermal coagulation of whey proteins residue in the cheese whey. Galdieria sulphuraria is a thermophilic red algae well known for its metabolic capabilities to grow on wastewater and other saline effluents. In this work, the valorisation of SCW as nutrient source for the growth of G. sulphuraria has been investigated using different concentrations of SCW. The biochemical and fatty acids composition of the biomass obtained has been evaluated too. Small differences have been observed in terms of biomass obtained after 12 days of cultivation between the SCW media and the relative control with the same amount of reducing sugars. The fatty acids composition of G. sulphuraria grown in SCW showed a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to the control. The biomass productivity using SCW media has also been optimized through response surface methodologies with supplementation of nitrogen source obtaining a biomass dry weight higher than 10 g L-1.
Construction of some algebras of logics by using intuitionistic fuzzy filters on hoops
Authors: Kologani Mona Aaly ,   Hatef Higher Education Institute, Zahedan, Iran, Borzooei Rajab Ali , Kim Hee Sik , Jun Young Bae , Ahn Sun Shin ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran,   Research Institute for Natural Sci., Department of Mathematics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea,   Department of Mathematics Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea,   Department of Mathematics Education, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we define the notions of intuitionistic fuzzy filters and intuitionistic fuzzy implicative (positive implicative, fantastic) filters on hoops. Then we show that all intuitionistic fuzzy filters make a bounded distributive lattice. Also, by using intuitionistic fuzzy filters we introduce a relation on hoops and show that it is a congruence relation, then we prove that the algebraic structure made by it is a hoop. Finally, we investigate the conditions that quotient structure will be different algebras of logics such as Brouwerian semilattice, Heyting algebra and Wajesberg hoop.
On the Issue of Standardizing Concrete Frost Resistance to Ensure the Reinforced Concrete Structures Durability
Authors: Nesvetaev Grigorii , Koryanova Yulia , Kolleganov Aleksei , Kolleganov Nikita
Published: August 2021

When erecting monolithic reinforced concrete structures, the structure of concrete can differ significantly from the laboratory standard due to the complexity of providing favorable conditions for hardening, and therefore the compressive strength and especially the frost resistance of concrete may not meet the design requirements, which can negatively affect the reinforced concrete structure durability and require amplification, especially in earthquake-prone areas [1, 2]. Increasing the durability of reinforced concrete structures is possible by creating a rational stress field, for example, by prestressing, incl. variable along the length of the structure [3,4], but this technique is difficult to implement for monolithic reinforced concrete structures. It is possible to use effective materials or methods of manufacturing structures [5, 6]. But this is also mainly problematic for use in the construction of monolithic reinforced concrete structures. Generally accepted methods of calculating the reinforced concrete structures durability subjected to cyclic freezing-thawing during operation, incl. in a water-saturated state, do not exist. At the design stage, ensuring the durability of such reinforced concrete structures is mainly reduced to the reasonable assignment of requirements for concrete quality indicators, depending on the operating conditions, which is the focus of BC 28.13330.2017 (EN 206) and GOST 31384-2017 from the premise of ensuring durability of at least 50 years. In the above-mentioned norms of the Russian Federation, in fact, two approaches are presented to ensure the durability of reinforced concrete structures during cyclic freezing-thawing, incl. in a water-saturated state, namely: designing a concrete structure capable of working under such conditions by standardizing the values of cement consumption, W/C ratio, class of concrete in terms of compressive strength, amount of entrained air, or rationing of concrete grades in terms of frost resistance F1 (first base method GOST 10060-2012 provides for freezing in air, saturation and thawing in water) or F2 (second base method GOST 10060-2012 provides for freezing in air, saturation and thawing in 5% sodium chloride solution). The purpose of this work is to compare various approaches to ensuring the durability of reinforced concrete structures operated during cyclic freezing-thawing and to analyze the provision of durability with standardized indicators when designing the structure of concrete.
Polymer Fibers in Foam Concrete Application Efficiency
Authors: Morgun Vladimir , Votrin Denis , Revyakin Aleksei
Published: August 2021

The urgency of improving the performance properties of concrete, as the most common building materials, is noted. The reasons for the increased demand for products made of high-strength gas-filled concrete are stated. It is shown that the current volume of polymer fibers production makes it possible to predict the possibility of their widespread use in construction. The information on the physical and mechanical properties of synthetic fiber, which is important for its successful use as dispersed reinforcement of foam concrete mixtures, is presented. The technology of manufacturing experimental samples and methods of their testing are described. It has been established that the introduction of any synthetic fiber into the foam mixture formulation improves the structural properties of foam concrete, however, the measure of efficiency depends on the ratio between the concrete moduli of elasticity and fiber. The greater the value of the elastic modulus of the fiber used, the higher the technical effect of its use in fiber-reinforced concrete for structural purposes can be.
Obesity and anesthetic pharmacology: simulation of target-controlled infusion models of propofol and remifentanil
Authors: Kim Tae Kyun
Published: August 2021

The prevalence of obesity is increasing, resulting in an increase in the number of surgeries performed to treat obesity and diseases induced by obesity. The associated comorbidities as well as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes that occur in obese patients make it difficult to control the appropriate dose of anesthetic agents. Factors that affect pharmacokinetic changes include the increase in adipose tissue, lean body weight, extracellular fluid, and cardiac output associated with obesity. These physiological and body compositional changes cause changes in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. The increased central volume of distribution and alterations in the clearance of drugs affect the plasma concentration of propofol and remifentanil in the obese population. Additionally, obesity can affect pharmacodynamic properties, such as the 50% of maximal effective concentration and the effect-site equilibration rate constant (ke0). Conducting a simulation of target-controlled infusions based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models that include patients that are obese can help clinicians better understand the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes of anesthetic drugs associated with this population.
Prevalence of risk for obstructive sleep apnea in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Varadharajan Natarajan , Grover Sandeep
Published: August 2021

Aim:

To evaluate the prevalence of risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among patients with bipolar disorder (BD).

Methodology:

Eighty-seven patients with BD and 50 matched controls were assessed by using the Berlin questionnaire.

Results:

One-fifth of the patients with BD was found to be at high risk for OSA, compared to the 6% prevalence in the control group. Patients in high risk for OSA were more often females, had significantly higher body mass index, high waist circumference, and comorbid physical illnesses. In terms of pharmacotherapy, there was association of use of antipsychotics with higher risk of OSA at the trend level (p=0.052).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of high risk for OSA is significantly higher among patients with BD and higher prevalence is related to obesity and comorbid physical illnesses.
Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer – An experience from normal India
Authors: Thimmarayappa Arun , Pathy Sushmita , Malik Prabhat Singh , Mallick Supriya , Upadhyay Ashish Dutt
Published: August 2021

Context:

Chemoradiation is the standard of care in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). Clinical presentation, disease course, and available treatment options are challenges to overcome. Little is known about the ideal timing and interaction of the two modalities, its relevance in day-to-day decision-making and the treatment outcome.

Aims:

The study evaluates the demographic profile, treatment pattern, outcome, and radiotherapy (RT) practice and patient care of LA-NSCLC at a tertiary cancer center.

Setting and Design:

This is a retrospective study from a tertiary cancer centre. Archives of patients of LA-NSCLC treated between June 2016 and June 2018 were included in our study.

Materials and Methods:

Clinical, demographic characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes were recorded. RT practice and patient care process including the integration of RT with other specialties, waiting time, and compliance to treatment were documented and analyzed.

Statistical Analysis:

Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the primary endpoints of the study. Log-rank test was used for univariate analysis for the factors on OS, and Cox's proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis for cofactors on OS.

Results:

Two hundred and thirty-two patients of lung cancer were treated during the study period. Fifty-four patients were squamous cell carcinoma, 108 were adenocarcinoma, and 12 were others. Out of 59 patients of LA-NSCLC, 34 underwent definitive chemoradiation. The median follow-up was 11 months (0.7–29), median overall treatment time was 44 days, median PFS was 8.9 months (range: 1.6–28.6), and median OS was 9.4 months (1.7–44.8). Time to start any oncological intervention was 1 month (0.1–4.3) and time to start RT was 2.1 months (0.1–5.4). Adherence to treatment was 91.2%. Age ≥65 and performance status ≥2 were significant for OS on univariate analysis and none on multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:

One-third of the cases of NSCLC present in LA stage and a third are suitable for definitive chemoradiation and only 20% undergo the planned treatment.
Concurrent chemotherapy with high-dose rate brachytherapy after treatment with chemoradiotherapy in cases of locally advanced carcinoma cervix
Authors: Jain Vandana Shailendra , Virkar Mayuresh , Sarje Mukund B. , Waghmare Chaitali M. , Patel Sanandan , Jain Shailendra Mohan
Published: August 2021

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy, feasibility, tolerability, and toxicity of concurrent chemotherapy and brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical carcinoma.

Materials and Methods:

Forty patients of cervical carcinoma were included in this study. The study period ranges from October 2016 to September 2019. Patients were evaluated and treated as per the protocol: external beam radiotherapy (50 Gy in 25 fractions) and concurrent weekly chemotherapy with injection (Inj.) cisplatin (30 mg/m2) followed by high-dose rate brachytherapy (3 fractions of 7 Gy each) and concurrent chemotherapy Inj. cisplatin (30 mg/m2).

Results:

Out of 40 patients enrolled in the study, 36 patients completed the treatment (17 Stage II and 19 Stage III). The incidence of Grade I and II skin toxicities were 78% and 10%, respectively. The incidence of genitourinary toxicities with respect to Grade I and II were 72% and 12%, respectively. There were Grade III hematological toxicities in two patients and the brachytherapy treatment was delayed for 4–6 days. The overall complete response was found in 28 (78%) patients, partial response in six (16.7%) patients, and progressive disease in two (5.6%) patients at 3 months of follow-up. On the last follow-up, 21 (58%) patients were disease-free and there was disease failure in seven patients (5 local recurrence and 2 with distant metastasis).

Conclusion:

Brachytherapy with the addition of concurrent chemotherapy is effective and feasible with acceptable toxicity for advanced stages of carcinoma cervix. This study upholds an interesting approach that can be regarded as feasible and tolerable for cervical cancer patients.
Nonhomologous end joining repair pathway molecules as predictive biomarkers for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Joshi Jigna S. , Vora Hemangini H. , Ghosh Nandita R. , Tankshali Rajen N. , Jetly Dhaval H. , Trivedi Trupti I.
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

Nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) is critical for the repair of either pathologic double-strand breaks (DSBs) and/or for the repair of physiologic DSBs created during radiotherapy to kill the tumor cell. Therefore, patients with higher expression of NHEJ repair proteins might develop resistance to ionizing radiation, allowing the disease to recur. As cancer of the oral cavity is a serious health problem globally, the present study aimed to examine the expression of Ku70/80, X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4 (XRCC4) and DNA ligase IV-core molecules of the NHEJ pathway in patients with oral cancer.

Materials and Methods:

Protein expression of Ku70/80, XRCC4, and DNA ligase IV were studied by Immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression of Ku70 and Ku80 were studied using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS.

Results:

A univariate survival analysis revealed an association of Ku70 mRNA with shorter overall survival (OS). While protein expression of XRCC4 showed an association with reduced relapse-free survival and shorter OS. Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that XRCC4 and DNA ligase IV are independent prognosticators for predicting adverse disease outcomes.

Conclusion:

Strong expression of repair proteins – XRCC4 and DNA ligase IV is associated with unfavorable disease outcome in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Robustly optimized hybrid intensity-modulated proton therapy for craniospinal irradiation
Authors: Noufal Manthala Padannayil , Sharma Shamurailatpam Dayananda , Krishnan Ganapathy , Sawant Mayur , Gaikwad Utpal , Jalali Rakesh
Published: August 2021

Aim:

The aim of the study was to investigate the hybrid robust optimization planning approach in intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) of craniospinal irradiation (CSI).

Subjects and Methods:

Five IMPT-based adult CSI plans in supine position were created using Raystation treatment planning system (TPS) modelled for Proteus plus proton therapy system. A hybrid planning strategy was implemented, where clinical target volume was robustly optimized (RB) for set up uncertainties and planning target volume was optimized for target coverage using minimax algorithm in the TPS. Beam angle selection, optimization, and dose calculation approach were carefully performed to ensure optimum organ at risk (OAR) sparing, even with potential setup and range errors. The complementary dose gradients in junctions were generated using spot assignment and RB technique. Dosimetric outcomes in both nominal plan and the 16 error scenarios (±3 mm setup and 3.5% range) were analyzed using standard dose volume histogram.

Results:

This planning approach resulted in a homogeneous dose distribution in the target volume of CSI, including the junction regions, by explicitly reducing number of robust optimization scenarios. The proposed technique was also able to achieve excellent coverage to cribriform plate with lower lens doses and minimal dose to other OARs. Target and OAR doses in the nominal plans as well as in the worst case scenarios with setup and range errors were able to meet the predefined clinical goal.

Conclusions:

This proposed planning technique is efficient, robust against the uncertainties. It could be adopted in other proton therapy centers.
Splenic Artery Embolization in Subcapsular Splenic Hematoma Secondary to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Dronamraju Sameera S. , Gaidhane Shilpa Abhay , Mahalaqqa Khatib Nazli , Gaidhane Abhay M. , Andhale Amol G. , Quazi Zahiruddin Syed
Published: August 2021

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a common syndrome of dengue viral infection but complications such as sub-capsular splenic hematoma leading to capsular rupture in dengue are rare. We report a case of a young male who presented with fever, breathlessness, and acute abdomen. His CT of the abdomen revealed subcapsular splenic hematoma measuring 16.7 cm × 13.0 cm × 11 cm. His laboratory parameters were suggestive of anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury, coagulopathy, and hepatopathy because of which instead of splenectomy, splenic artery embolization with ultrasound-guided splenic hemorrhage drainage was performed for his management as his clinical condition deteriorated. This case report sensitizes newer modalities of treatment of subcapsular splenic hematoma with splenic arterial embolization.
Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessment of Cardiovascular Abnormalities in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Chudgar Priya D. , Burkule Nitin J. , Lakshmivenkateshiah Srinivas , Kamat Nikhil V.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Long-term effects of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) causing pulmonary fibrosis are a well-established fact. Whether similar changes persist in myocardium remains a cause of concern. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although logistically limited during the acute phase of illness, is an excellent modality for evaluating persisting myocardial involvement in patients recovering from COVID-19. No previous study has described cardiac MRI in Indian patients with COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

We summarize cardiac MRI findings in 43 patients (29 males) who underwent cardiac MRI at our center for various clinical indications after recovering from their COVID-19 episodes. All cardiac MRI examinations were performed on Siemens Verio 3 Tesla Scanner System with 70 cm bore. Necessary precautions and safety measures were taken as per the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance recommendations and standard imaging protocols were followed.

Results:

Half of all patients (22, 51.2%) had presented after 6 weeks of their initial COVID-19, whereas most of the remaining patients (19, 44.2%) underwent MRI during 3–6 weeks after recovering from COVID-19. Exercise intolerance was the most common clinical presentation observed in 22 (51.2%) patients, followed by fatigue or generalized weakness (15 patients), fast heart rate (12 patients), and breathlessness (12 patients). The most common cardiac MRI finding was elevated T1 and T2 mapping values (14 patients, 32.6%). The other common findings were late gadolinium enhancement in 12 (27.9%) patients, pericardial effusion ± enhancement in 12 (27.9%) patients, and impaired left ventricular systolic function in 9 (20.9%) patients. Eleven (25.6%) patients had normal cardiac MRI.

Conclusions:

Our findings summarize common cardiac abnormalities detected by cardiac MRI in patients with recent COVID-19. Although these results cannot be postulated to estimate the overall burden of cardiac involvement in COVID-19, they provide valuable insight into clinical spectrum of these patients in Indian scenario.
Role of Echocardiography in Managing a Rare Case of Reverse Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Presenting as Cardiogenic Shock after Prolonged Hip Surgery
Authors: Jadhav Kartik Pandurang , Jariwala Pankaj , Mishra Krushna Chandra , Boorugu Hari Kishan
Published: August 2021

One of the major causes of reversible left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is takotsubo cardiomyopathy. It is characterized by angina, dyspnea, electrocardiogram changes (ST segment elevation and T wave changes on chest leads of electrocardiogram), echocardiographic changes (LV dysfunction with predominant apical involvement), elevation of troponin and brain natriuretic peptide, usually mimicking acute coronary syndrome. Coronary angiogram in such cases is either normal or shows only insignificant coronary disease. Although LV apical involvement is the commonest manifestation, about one-fifth of cases of takotsubo cardiomyopathy have normal apical contractility but severe systolic dysfunction of the basal segments of the left ventricle. We report a case of reverse takotsubo cardiomyopathy developed in a relatively young patient following hip surgery and how three-dimensional and strain echocardiography clearly demonstrated the abnormality and aided the recovery of the patient.
Practice of Handwashing
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: August 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a dreaded disease affecting the whole world with no proven pharmaceutical intervention and also no proven vaccine available till now. It is caused by a novel virus called as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This virus is highly contagious and spread through the droplets of the infected persons by coughing, sneezing, or even touching the infected surface. In such situation, prevention is an important option to control this COVID-19 infection. The role of the handwashing for preventing the communicable diseases has been known for more than century. Handwashing is an inexpensive and widely available protective measure for both personal and pandemic prevention of the viral respiratory tract infections. However, it remains a neglected public health measure in pandemic. Educating for hand hygiene is remarkably beneficial for prevention of the COVID-19 infections. Alcohol-based sanitizers with moisturizers have least irritancy and sensitizing potential in comparison to the soaps and synthetic detergents.
Expressivity of ABO Antigens and Increased Predisposition for Periodontal Disease
Authors: Babu J. Suresh , Swarnalatha C. , Alshammari Tayf Naif , Muddebihal Farahnaz , Patil Manisha B. , Kolte Deepak R. , Alshammari Mohammad Saafaq , Alshammari Fatma Ayyad , Nayyar Abhishek Singh
Published: August 2021

Context and Aim:

Association between certain systemic diseases and ABO antigens is a well-known fact. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is any association between periodontal disease and ABO blood group antigens.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 subjects who were randomly selected from individuals referred for periodontal treatment. The study subjects were segregated into healthy gingiva/mild gingivitis (Group I), moderate/severe gingivitis (Group II), and varying grades of periodontitis groups (Group III), based on Loe and Silness index and clinical attachment loss as the criteria. The study groups were, further, categorized and graded using Ramfjord's periodontal disease index. Blood samples were collected to identify ABO blood groups.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), while Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The findings of the present study suggested that patients with blood group antigens O and B were more predisposed to develop periodontitis with at least one side with attachment loss of more than 3 mm and with periodontal pocket depth of more than 4 mm (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

There is a correlation existing between periodontal disease and ABO blood group antigens as far as this region was concerned. This association could be explained by the various blood group antigens acting as receptors for infectious agents associated with periodontal disease. This broad correlation between periodontal disease and ABO blood group antigens pointed toward susceptibility of the subjects with certain blood groups to periodontal disease.
Encouraging Reflection among Medical Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students for Advancement of Learning and Development of Skills
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: August 2021

The field of medical education is quite complex and there are lots of unsaid expectations of a medical student to eventually transform into a competent medical professional. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine and a total of 13 articles were selected based on the suitability with the current review objectives. Apart from the various teaching–learning methods adopted by the teachers in the delivery of information, it is a must that in order to accomplish deep learning, we have to encourage medical students to reflect upon all the learning and clinical interactions. As a matter of fact, most of the regulatory and professional bodies have strongly advocated for the inclusion of reflection in different phases of both undergraduation and postgraduation medical education. In conclusion, the strategy of reflection should be looked upon as a method for advancement in knowledge, shaping the learning in the future, and to improve the competence level to deal with complex and emotionally or ethically challenging situations. It is the need of the hour that all the medical institutions should develop a detailed plan to encourage students to reflect upon and improve their learning.
Treatment Approach and Modalities for Management of Depression in Older People
Authors: Marvanova Marketa , McGrane Ian R.
Published: August 2021

Depression is common in older people, and while the approach to treatment is similar to a younger population, there are several additional treatment considerations to make based on comorbidities and cognitive impairment. Evidence-based psychotherapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy,
interpersonal psychotherapy, and problem-solving therapy are recommended for mild-moderate depression in older people; however, the efficacy of these are limited in very old patients (older than 75 years of age) and those with cognitive impairment. Additionally, neuromodulation treatments
such as electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation could prove beneficial for specific older people with depression. Use of pharmacotherapy that has demonstrated to be safe in older adults, as well as agents with adequate clinical experience in this population, should
be considered based on patient-specific characteristics. Because of generally more complex medication regimens, risks of pharmacotherapy should be minimized with careful dosing strategies and special attention to avoid significant drug-drug interactions. While some data are available, antidepressant
combination or augmentation strategies are less well studied in older people who fail to achieve remission or those with treatment-resistant depression, compared with younger populations.
The Talbot effect as the fundamental solution to the free Schrödinger equation
Authors: Eceizabarrena Daniel
Published: August 2021

The Talbot effect is usually modeled using the Helmholtz equation, but its main experimental features are captured by the solution to the free Schrödinger equation with the Dirac comb as initial datum. This simplified description is a consequence of the paraxial approximation in geometric optics. However, it is a heuristic approximation that is not mathematically well justified, so K. I. Oskolkov raised in [20] the problem of ‘‘mathematizing’’ it. We show that it holds exactly in the sense of distributions.
Herd immunity: challenges and the way forward in Korea
Authors: Oh Jiyoung , Kim Sohyun , Ryu Boyeong , Shin Minjoung , Kim Bryan Inho
Published: August 2021

Vaccination is considered to be the most effective measure for preventing the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Many countries, including of Korea, are focusing on achieving herd immunity with the goal of reaching a vaccination rate of 70-80%. However, achieving herd immunity does not mean eradicating COVID-19, and the following challenges can occur in the process of achieving herd immunity. First, as the vaccination rate is likely to slow down over time, it is necessary to promote the benefits of vaccination through risk communication strategies and provide incentives for those who have been vaccinated. Second, a booster dose may be required depending on future studies on vaccine-induced immunity. Third, since variants capable of evading immunity and with higher transmissibility can emerge, rapid contract tracing and regular community genomic surveillance could help mitigate the impact of new variants. When the impact of COVID-19 is controlled to the level of seasonal influenza, the current public health measures that have been strictly imposed on society since the beginning of the pandemic will no longer be needed. The overall response strategy to COVID-19 will need to change accordingly, based on evaluations of the level of population immunity. These changes will include more efficient and targeted contact tracing and eased quarantine measures for vaccinated close contacts and travelers. Mask wearing and a minimum of social distancing will still be required in the journey towards the end of the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic will end, but the virus will not disappear.
Employment status and mortality among Korean men over a 13-year period
Authors: Lim Dohee , Kong Kyoung Ae , Park Hyesook , Jung-Choi Kyunghee
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES: This study explored the effect of employment status on mortality over a 13-year period in Korean men.METHODS: Data were used from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study from 1999 to 2012. This study started with 2,737 subjects and included employed men in good health, aged 30-69 years. Deaths were tracked for 13 years from 2000 to 2012. Employment status classifications were: (1) regular employees, (2) precarious employees, (3) petty bourgeoisie, and (4) employers. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model, and were adjusted for age, education, income, and occupation, with regular employees as the reference category. To examine the effect of employment status and include employment history, the risk ratios of mortality were measured using the Poisson regression model, considering the duration of each employment and using 0 years as the reference category.RESULTS: Over the course of the 13-year study, being a precarious employee (HR, 1.84) or petty bourgeoisie (HR, 1.87) at a particular point in time had a negative effect on mortality when compared with regular employees. Furthermore, working as precarious employees or petty bourgeoisie had no positive effect on mortality. A positive effect was observed, however, on the overall mortality risk for regular employees.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a healthy social policy is needed for precarious employees and petty bourgeoisie to avoid disadvantages in the workplace and the social safety net.
ESTRATEGIAS DE MARKETING PARA LOS PRODUCTOS AGRÍCOLAS Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA PRODUCTIVIDAD EN LAS BODEGAS COMERCIALES DEL CANTON JIPIJAPA
Authors: Ross-Medranda Cesar Giovanny , Tamayo-Cevallos Christian David
Published: August 2021

La producción agrícola puede considerarse como la columna vertebral del comercio en Manabí. Más del 60% de los trabajadores rurales laboran en el sector agrícola. La agricultura se refiere al cultivo de la tierra y la cría de animales y plantas para proporcionar alimentos, plantas medicinales con fibra y otros productos para sustentar la calidad de vida. El rol del sector agrícola varía considerablemente cuando la urbanización y la migración laboral en la economía están invitando a mayores oportunidades para que los trabajadores agrícolas sostengan los niveles de producción, enfatizando así la transformación del sector de mano de productores agrícolas y agro-emprendedores. La materia prima generada por Jipijapa se concentra en gran medida en los productos agrícolas como maíz, naranja, café, yuca, y en un segundo orden banano, arroz, maní entre otros. En adición a esto, productos como la ganadería, avicultura y pesca también están aportando de forma significativa a la economía local de manera creciente. Bajo esta premisa, la presente investigación tiene la intención de discernir en las estrategias de marketing más óptimas para fomentar la productividad en las bodegas comerciales del cantón Jipijapa.

Palabras claves: producción agrícola, producción, marketing, bodegas comerciales.
Spoken and Written Communication Needs of Aviation Management Trainees
Authors: Satvindar Singh Reshminder Kaur , Cheong Cecilia Yin Mei , Rahman Nor Aida Abdul
Published: August 2021

The need to investigate the communication skills of specific participants usually arises upon demand from the stakeholders, including the employers, passengers, clients and others. The common reasons for stakeholders to consult course developers or language practitioners regarding developing a specific purpose course include poor language proficiency and lack of professional communication skills amongst personnel whose jobs require efficient communication. The needs analysis (NA) method is often used to explore the necessary communication skills at the workplace, including business, medical and aviation. In aviation, the aviation English program content is based on the stakeholders’ communication requirements. Having said that, there are two main objectives of this study. Firstly, this study aims to investigate the importance of English as a medium for communication amongst AVM personnel serving in local and foreign-based companies within Malaysia. Secondly, it aims to determine the spoken and written communication activities that aviation management personnel are frequently involved in the aviation industry. Based on the findings, the NA revealed that the English language is vital in developing professional communication skills among AVM trainees as they require English proficiency for speaking and writing activities.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Positive Psychological Capital: A Mixed Method Approach
Authors: Külekçi Akyavuz Ebru
Published: August 2021

This study first investigated the teachers' perceptions of positive psychological capital. Then, barriers negatively affecting teachers’ positive psychological capital in educational organizations and the practices possible to be implemented were examined. The convergent parallel mixed method research design was used as the research methodology. The study group consisted of the teachers working in Kilis province in the 2019-2020 academic year. Demographic information form, positive psychological capital scale, and an interview form were used to collect data. Results of this study indicated that the teachers were strongly agree with psychological capital. Furthermore, the results indicated that the factors that prevented teachers from positive psychological capitol were related to administrators, teaching profession, parents, colleagues, students, institutions, and teachers themselves. This study concluded that providing social, academic, and economic support to teachers would increase their positive psychological capital, and the following practices could ensure this support: improvement of working conditions, increasing the prestige of the profession, and providing in-service training.
An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study: FlipQuiz as a Digital Tool for Learning English Vocabulary in Language Classroom
Authors: Jabali Mohsen , Walker Carol
Published: August 2021

The study was carried out to investigate the impact of a digital review tool had on students’ grades, learning motivation, and engagement. An exploratory cross-sectional study was accomplished with two groups of students. The Experimental Group was taught using the digital tool FlipQuiz while the Control Group was taught with the conventional method. Pretests, posttests, and surveys on the students’ learning motivation and engagement toward gamification in language learning were the instruments used in this study. The data of Posttests of both groups were analyzed using Paired Sample t test. The results revealed no statistically significant differences with regard to FlipQuiz on English vocabulary exam scores. The data of two surveys were analyzed using descriptive analysis, parametric data analysis, and nonparametric data analysis. Findings indicated that there was a strong relationship among students in both groups regarding the importance of including technology in the classroom as well as the overall experience of utilizing FlipQuiz in learning English vocabulary.
Engaging Students in the Learning Process with Game-Based Learning: The Fundamental Concepts
Authors: Adipat Surattana , Laksana Kittisak , Busayanon Kanrawee , Ausawasowan Alongkorn , Adipat Boonlit
Published: August 2021

A new approach to learning in the form of educational games has been adopted in recent years, especially in English language teaching. The educational game learning approach used to teach English to non-native English-speakers who use English as a second or foreign language has recorded great success. This study provides an innovative framework for the adoption of the educational games learning approach at university. This is done to ensure lifelong learning and interdisciplinary learning opportunities for students. The study introduces social skills and knowledge training to address topics of gaming and learning. It describes the point at which learning is expected to occur and the role that game elements play in relation to student engagement and educational gaming content interaction. The study further describes the principles governing collaborative learning which are the key pillars for acquiring cognitive and social skills. The contribution of game-based learning is further linked with mindset improvement and growth. The study further examines three theories that are essential to the development of the game-based learning approach: narrative-centered learning theory, problem-solving theory, and engagement theory. Upon providing the theoretical underpinnings, teachers’ perceptions towards the game-based learning approach are further addressed in the paper. The advantages and disadvantages of game-based learning are also discussed.
Análise da construção narrativa seriada em charmed
Authors: Granato Fernanda Marques , Granato Fernanda Marques , Rodrigues Elisabete Alfeld
Published: August 2021

A ficção serializada é um aspecto importante da produção televisual contemporânea, é um tipo de formato que se apropria de recursos advindos da literatura, do folhetim e das novelas transmitidas por meio do rádio. Esse modelo narrativo migrou para a televisão e adquiriu características próprias. Como exemplo de narrativa seriada televisual, tem- se a série de TV norte americana Charmed, objeto de estudo da pesquisa realizada. O objetivo principal da pesquisa consistiu em analisar como a narrativa seriada foi construída, com destaque para a criação da trama que permeada de recursos fantásticos foi a estratégia utilizada para garantir os índices de audiência.
The Anti-city. Gurgaon and its villages
Authors:   School of Planning and Architecture Delhi, Warrier Soumya S ,   India
Published: August 2021

Today is a time of unprecedented growth — of shaping newer and ever changing environments around. Issues and shortcomings of rapid urbanisation offer opportunity grounds for architecture and planning, in this changing maze of activities. The paradigm shifts in the way how people see spaces, and how professionals see the same, are exposing and challenging the architect and urban designer to current harsh realities. India has been home to the earliest of civilisations and growth. Its intense engagement with the other continents have shaped and reshaped its culture and political ideas. With ginormous populations, extraordinary cultural mixes and rising economies, some of its regions are sites of intense action. This stage of intense fluctuation and turbulence demands reflection on how they have shaped (or are shaping) our relationships, societies and human exchanges. One is also forced to ask questions as to whether the existing knowledge capacities are enough to help manage and intervene these situations. It’s time we decoded our development trajectory and identified the fault lines so as to aim for a favourable projected future.
Whole-region Tourism Greenway Network Organization Mechanism Based on Gravity Model Flow Measurement
Authors:   School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Jiang Xue ,   Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology，Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,   China, Zhao Tianyu ,   School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology; Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology，Ministry of Industry and Information Technology; China
Published: August 2021

The structure and organization of greenway network is the core stone of greenway planning. Generally, the relevant between point elements and line elements in the network is taken as the focus of quantitative structure evaluation. In this study, the evaluation and organization method of greenway network is based on gravity model flow measurement. Ningan city is taken as an example because of its rich tourism resources and ecological resources. The cost distance formula has been improved in the process. Network flow is allocated to each path in the gravitational model to enhance the scientific evaluation. Firstly, the existing greenway network structure is sorted out and summarized. Minimum cost path method is used to form potential greenway network structure. This structure is divided into two parts, one is based on comprehensive elements and the other is based on general elements. The existing structure and potential structure are combined to form a preliminary abstract network structure. Gravity model is used to measure and classify the traffic among abstract network nodes. Two kinds of greenway network structures are compared and analyzed. On this basis, the greenway network is optimized and verified through field research. It provides a basis for the further planning and implementation of the actual greenway network in small towns
A Study on the Approach of Sustainable Development on Traditional Cultural Landscapes Surrounding Metropolitan Shanghai
Authors:   Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Fudan University, Shi Ding , Zhao Dianhong ,   Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning & Design Institute CO.,LTD; China
Published: August 2021

At present, the area of urban built-up areas in Shanghai has been effectively controlled, and the once neglected rural landscape has attracted much attention. This study focuses on the methodology of effectively utilizing cultural landscape resources and promoting further harmonious development of urban-rural relations in Shanghai. As a category of cultural heritage, cultural landscape is an indispensable resource for urban development. During the process of urban and rural planning, local cultural landscapes need to be regarded as the driving source of urban development. For a long time, Shanghai, as an international metropolis, has lain particular emphasis on historical relics in the built-up areas of the city. However, since the cultural landscape resources surrounding the built-up areas have been neglected, the image of Shanghai lacks an echo with nature and the countryside. This study examines features of cultural landscapes in Shanghai and puts forward several issues in the conservation and sustainable development of cultural landscape resources, so as to provide the basis for heritage protection, urban and rural planning and tourism planning in Shanghai in the future.
Why segmentation matters: a Machine Learning approach for predicting loan defaults in the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Financial Ecosystem
Authors:   UCD - University College Dublin, Perrotta Adamaria , Bliatsios Georgios ,   UCD - University College Dublin
Published: August 2021

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending is an online lending process allowing individuals to obtain or concede loans without the interference of traditional financial intermediaries. It has grown quickly the last years, with some platforms reaching billions of dollars of loans in principal in a short amount of time. Since each loan is associated with the probability of loss due to a borrower's failure, this paper addresses the borrower's default prediction problem in the P2P financial ecosystem. The main assumption, which makes this study different from the available literature, is that borrowers sharing the same homeownership status display similar risk profile, thus a model per segment should be developed. We estimate the Probability of Default (PD) of a borrower by using Logistic Regression (LR) coupled with Weight of Evidence encoding. The features set is identified via the Sequential Feature Selection (SFS). We compare the forward against the backward SFS, in terms of the Area Under the Curve (AUC), and we choose the one that maximizes this statistic. Finally, we compare the results of the chosen LR approach against two other popular Machine Learning (ML) techniques: the k Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) and the Random Forest (RF).
Effect of Foliar Application of Water-Soluble Fertilizers for Yield and Economics of Rice Fallow Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L). Hepper)
Authors: Sakthi J. , Kaleeswari K. , Kumar Karthika S , Nirosha K. , Ramya K. , Kumar R.
Published: August 2021

Field experiment was conducted at farmer field in kadukkarai village, Kanyakumari during February 2021 – April 2021 to evaluate the Effect of foliar nutrition for maximizing the productivity of rice fallow blackgram (Vigna mungo (L). Hepper). Nine treatments were tested in randomized block design with three replications. Among the treatments, application of RDF + Foliar spray of 1% 19:19:19 on 15 DAS + Foliar spray of 1% 12: 61:0 30 DAS + Foliar spray of 1% 13:0:45 on 45 DAS significantly recorded highest grain yield (723 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (2320 kg ha-1). However, the highest gross return (Rs.53, 955), net return (Rs.41, 305) and BC ratio (3.27) were recorded the foliar spray of 1% 19:19:19 on 15 DAS + Foliar spray of 1% 12: 61:0 30 DAS + Foliar spray of 1% 13:0:45 on 45 DAS.