bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of breast carcinoma IV: Age and histologic tumor type
Authors: Rosen Paul Peter , Lesser Martin L. , Senie Ruby T. , Duthie Kathleen
Published: February 2007

The purpose of this study was to correlate major chronologic events known to have a bearing on the risk for developing breast carcinoma with histologic tumor type. Data were obtained for 1024 consecutively treated patients with the seven most common forms of mammary carcinoma. The age of occurrence of the following events was determined: menarche; first marriage; first pregnancy and first childbirth; last pregnancy and last childhood; diagnosis. The interval between each of these events and diagnosis of breast cancer was also calculated.

Patients with medullary carcinoma had a significantly lower mean age at diagnosis than those with any of the other tumor types. Because of the lower mean age at diagnosis, medullary carcinoma patients were found to have significantly shorter intervals between age at diagnosis and the following: menarche, first pregnancy or first childbirth, and last pregnancy or last childbirth, Intervals between age at diagnosis and these other events were not significantly different among patients with other types of carcinoma. The ages of menarche, marriage, or pregnancy were not related independently to any tumor type. These data indicate that except for current age. the age of occurrence of major risk factors for developing breast cancer is unrelated to the histological type of tumor a patient develops.
Diamminodichloroplatinum combination chemotherapy in non‐oat cell carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Vincent Ronald G. , Lane Warren W , Raza Sabahat , Madajewicz Stefan
Published: February 2007

A comparison is made between four different but similar approaches to the chemotherapy of 250 patients with nonoat cell bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung. Combination chemotherapy, particularly in regimen where platinum is included, provided no significant advantages over single agent chemotherapy. Side effects attributed to platinum tend to distract from any modest therapeutic gains achieved through its use. Responses rates were not significantly increased through use of platinum in the chemotherapy combination reported in this study.
Histologic changes seen in the hepatic parenchyma and in metastatic nodules following hepatic dearterialization
Authors: Paris Allen L. , Meissner William A. , McDermott William V.
Published: February 2007

Hepatic dearterialization was performed on four patients in an attempt to provide symptomatic relief from metastic carcinoma in the liver. Interruption of hepatic arterial blood supply causes necrosis in large metastatic tumor deposits, but very small nodules are unaffected by the procedure; this observation supports experimental studies on tumor angiogenesis factor. Interruption of hepatic arterial blood supply results in nonspecific ischemic changes to the hepatic parenchyma, which responds with small nests of regenerating liver cells. This finding appears to support the work of Plengvanit on revascularization of the liver after hepatic artery ligation.
Metastatic iodophilic carcinoma of thyroid to a hand bone
Authors: Horn Yoav
Published: February 2007

A case of follicular carcinoma of the thyroid is presented with two unusual features: 1) metastatic tumor in a phalanx; and 2) all iodophilic metastases, making possible treatment with radioiodine. The possible mechanism of metastases to reach the systemic arterial circulation is discussed.
The role of initial modality in treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Razack Mohamed S. , Sako Kumao , Patel Jashbhai K.
Published: February 2007

This is a retrospective study in 279 patients, who were treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, to evaluate the role of initial modality on survival and recurrence pattern and the salvage rate of the second modality (surgery or radiation therapy) when the first one had failed.
Adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy stage i/ii malignant melanoma
Authors: Knost J. A. , Reynolds V. , Greco F. A. , Oldham R. K.
Published: February 2007

Sixty patients with Stage I or Stage II malignant melanoma were treated with wide local excision of the primary and dissection of the regional lymph nodes prior to being randomized to chemoimmunotherapy with DTIC plus intradermal BCG versus methyl‐CCNU plus intradermal BCG. For the 32 Stage I patients, there were no differences in survival between the two treatment groups. Survival was similar to a concomitant control group of 45 Stage I patients. For Stage II melanoma both chemoimmunotherapy groups had a significantly better survival than the 11 patients in the untreated control group. These results do not indicate that this form of chemoimmunotherapy is valuable in Stage I malignant melanoma but further trials are needed for patients with Stage II disease.
Carotid artery hemorrhage and ligation in head and neck cancer
Authors: Razack Mohamed S. , Sako Kumao
Published: February 2007

During a 20‐year period, 77 patients who underwent ligation of the common or internal carotid artery were analyzed for the site, side of hemorrhage and/or ligation, with incidence of rebleed, previous treatment (surgery and/or radiation therapy), the type of incision utilized for resection, the incidence of preoperative and intraoperative hypotension and hemiplegia. The immediate mortality and subsequent follow‐up of the patients were also noted.
Carcinosarcoma of the lung
Authors: Sarma Deba P. , Deshotels Seldon J.
Published: February 2007

A case of primary carcinosarcoma of lung is described and the literature is reviewed. The histogenesis of this rare tumor is discussed.
Metabolic acidosis in patients with the carcinoid syndrome: Treatment with parachlorophenylalanine
Authors: Feldman Jerome M.
Published: February 2007

Four of 46 patients with carcinoid tumors and the carcinoid syndrome developed severe life‐threatening diarrhea. Although only 11% of the patients in this series had bronchial carcinoid tumors, three of the four patients with severe diarrhea had this type of tumor. Three of the patients with severe diarrhea developed metabolic acidosis while the fourth patient had severe hypokalemia. In the three patients in which it was used, parachlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, improved the life‐threatening diarrhea.
Results of the national soft‐tissue sarcoma registry
Authors: Mettlin Curtis , Priore Roger , Rao Uma , Gamble Delores , Lane Warren , Murphy Gerald P.
Published: February 2007

Of 191 case reports submitted to the National Soft Tissue Sarcoma Registry, 131 qualified for inclusion. Fifty‐two percent were males; 80% were whites. Twenty‐one different histologies were assigned, with leiomyosarcoma most frequently represented. Localized disease was reported for 29% of patients. Surgery in combination with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy was reported as the treatment for 45% of patients, and surgery only was reported for 31%. These data reflect increasing use of adjuvant therapy in the treatment of soft‐tissue sarcoma.
Primary liposarcoma of the lung: Report of a case
Authors: Sawamura Kenji , Hashimoto Takeshi , Nanjo Satoru , Nakamura Kenji , Iioka Sogo , Mori Takashi , Furuse Kiyoyuki , Shakudo Yozo
Published: February 2007

We reported one case of a primary liposarcoma of the lung which has been reported only in six cases to date worldwide, and we added some documented study. A 49‐year‐old female complained of exertional dyspnea with about 100 ml of hemoptysis. The chest X ray showed a coin lesion at the left upper field. After left pneumonectomy, the histological examination revealed liposarcoma of the lung. Six months after the operation, she died from severe dyspnea; the autopsy revealed the relapse of liposarcoma in the right lung, and no liposarcomas in other organs. This is the seventh case according to a worldwide review of the literature.
Bladder metastasis: A rare cause of hematuria in renal carcinoma
Authors: Swanson David A. , Liles Arthur
Published: February 2007

A case is presented in which gross hematuria was traced to bladder metas‐tases. Although this clinical entity is extremely rare, it must be remembered to assure appropriate therapy, especially when hematuria is intractable and palliation is considered.
Current surgical management of in situ cancer of the female breast
Authors: Albert Samuel , Belle Steven , Eckert Dorothy , Swanson G. Marie
Published: February 2007

Surgical procedures for breast cancer were compared in 468 cases with insitu and 4,967 cases with invasive lesions. The cases were obtained from the Michigan Cancer Foundation Registry, a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) participant, and were incident‐resident cases diagnosed from 1973–1978. For single, primary in situ or invasive cancer, the preferred mastectomy was modified radical. Partial and simple resections were used more often than radical procedures for non‐inflitrating, especially lobular lesions. For cases with bilateral primaries, with at least one in situ, the mastectomy of choice was the simple procedure for the in situ malignancy and modified radical for the invasive cancer. The change in preferred surgery for in situ lesions, from modified radical to simple mastectomy, was not due to any change in strategy for treatment of bilateral invasive disease, which remained modified radical resection.
Malignant chondroid syringoma: A clinicopathological study and a collective review
Authors: Gupta S. , Kumar A. , Padmanabhan A. , Khanna S.
Published: February 2007

Malignant chondroid syringomas are extremely rare adnexal tumors of the skin, so far reported only in six cases, all females. The present case occurred in a male. There were multiple nodules in the left lower limb of long duration. The malignant nature of the tumor was evident from repeated recurrences after excision of the nodules. The excised nodules showed cellular pleomorphism and mitoses. Lack of response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy led to mid‐thigh amputation.
Human colorectal carcinoma: Patterns of sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents in the human tumor stem cell assay
Authors: Agrez Michael V. , Kovach John S. , Beart Robert W. , Rubin Joseph , Moertel Charles G. , Lieber Michael M.
Published: February 2007

The human tumor stem cell assay (HTSCA) was applied to 103 primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas. Thirty‐four carcinomas could not be evaluated for colony formation (clonogenicity) because of microbial contamination. Of the remaining 69 carcinomas, 18 (26%) demonstrated clonal growth in vitro. Colony formation did not correlate with the clini‐copathologic stage of the tumor, the histological grade of the tumor, the method used to disperse the solid tumors into single cells (mechanical or enzymatic), or cell viability (exclusion of trypan‐blue) prior to plating. The in vitro chemotherapy sensitivity data of the 18 tumors which formed colonies indicated that most tumors were generally resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs and that a few tumors were sensitive to multiple agents. Use of the human tumor stem cell assay may facilitate an individualized approach to clinical chemotherapy of colorectal carcinoma for certain patients.
Treatment and prognosis of thymoma: A review of 25 cases
Authors: Appelqvist P. , Kostiainen S. , Franssila K. , Mattila S. , Gröhn P.
Published: February 2007

Experience of 25 patients with thymoma is reported. Based on the presence or absence of gross invasion 17 tumors were regarded as benign, 8 as malignant. All patients were operated on. Twenty‐two had a complete excision, 2 a palliative excision, and 1 a biopsy only. Five patients received post‐operative radiotherapy and 2 patients were given cytotoxic chemotherapy. None of the 17 patients with a benign thymoma had a recurrence or death due to thymoma during the follow‐up. The five‐ and ten‐year survival rates for malignant thymoma were 50% and 17%, respectively. Excision is the treatment of choice for all thymomas, since the prognosis for benign tumor is excellent and the malignancy can only be determined at exploration. Post‐operative radiotherapy seems to be indicated in malignant thymoma. Myasthenia gravis and histologic features of thymoma have some value in predicting prognosis.
A critical review of immunotherapy of disseminated renal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Montie James E. , Bukowski Ronald M. , James Robert E. , Straffon Ralph A. , Stewart Bruce H.
Published: February 2007

Sixty patients with renal adenocarcinoma have been treated with five different immunotherapy trials consisting of 1) Transfer Factor (TF), 2) TF and Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG), 3) TF, BCG, Chloroethyl‐cyclohexy‐nitrosurea (CCNU) and megestrol acetate (Megase), 4) BCG, CCNU, and Megase, or 5) BCG. Using strict response criterea for measurable disease, objective responses were seen in 14–22% of cases. While this nonspecific immunotherapy of renal adenocarcinoma has been associated with documented regression of metastases, response rates are similar to that obtained with hormonal therapy alone. Objective responses support the concept of further trials in this disease with more sophisticated immunotherapy.
Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage: A case report
Authors: Block M. , Davis T. E. , Wolberg W.
Published: February 2007

Hemorrhage resulted in a large retroperitoneal mass in an adolescent male. Surgical exploration revealed only hematoma. Serum markers were useful in leading to the correct diagnosis. This presentation has not been previously reported in embryonal cell carcinoma.
Amylase‐producing lung cancer
Authors: Martin Pamela C. , Sarma Deba P.
Published: February 2007

A bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of lung associated with hyper‐amylasemia occurring in a 40‐year‐old woman is described. Another 13 cases of such a tumor from the English literature are reviewed. A majority of the lung tumors associated with hyperamylasemia were adenocarcinomas. When the amylase isoenzymes were determined, the amylase appeared to be salivary‐gland type (S‐type). Electron microscopic studies had revealed membrane‐bound electron‐dense granules within the tumor cells.
Localized large cell lymphoma cured by simple excision
Authors: Ree H. J. , Crowley James P. , Micolonghi Thomas S.
Published: February 2007

Diffuse large cell lymphoma is frequently localized at the time of presentation, but the aggressive natural history of the disease in most patients has suggested that extensive and intensive radiation and/or chemotherapy is necessary to control this disease. We describe a patient who has remained free of disease for 20 years after simple excision of a diffuse large cell lymphoma localized to the right cervical region. Review of the biopsy material showed characteristic histologic features suggestive of an orderly growth pattern of tumor cells as well as sclerosis. The clinical course of this patient after minimal therapy emphasizes the possibility of long survival with localized large cell lymphoma and suggests that the characteristic morphologic features observed in this case should be sought in other cases, since it may imply a favorable prognosis.
Treatment of advanced gastric cancer with 5‐fluorouracil versus mitomycin C
Authors: Gupta Saroj
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐eight patients of advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach were randomly administered intensive courses; of either 5‐FU or mitomycin C by intravenous route, The 5‐FU administration resulted in a slightly better response than mitomycin C, although the toxic effects of the two drugs were more or less the same. The selection of drug regime in the present study has been based on cost, availability, potential toxicity, and minimal alteration of the patients' life style.
Colorectal carcinoma: Evaluation of histologic grade and factors influencing prognosis
Authors: Chung C. K. , Zaino Richard J. , Stryker John A.
Published: February 2007

We analyzed 246 patients with adenocarcinoma of colorectum treated with “curative” surgery alone. In reviewing these cases it is apparent that patients with poorly differentiated tumor (Grade 3) have an increased likelihood of deep invasion of tumor through the bowel wall and lymph node metastases compared to well (Grade 1) or moderately differentiated tumor (Grade 2). Poor differentiation of the tumor, deep penetration through the bowel wall and lymph node metastases appear to represent unfavorable prognostic indices in patients operated upon. Age, sex, size of primary tumor, and large bowel site of tumor origin were unrelated to the prognosis.

Compared to Grade 1 and 2 tumors, patients with Grade 3 lesions had more local recurrences and/or distant metastases. These findings suggest that histologic grading is an important adjunct to the clinical evaluation and treatment planning of patients with colorectal carcinoma.
Patterns of breast cancer detection in the United States
Authors: Nemoto T. , Natarajan N. , Smart C. R. , Mettlin C. , Murphy G. P.
Published: February 2007

The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer Short‐term Survey of Breast Cancer in 12,315 patients showed that 73% of malignant tumors are found by patients, 23% by physicians, and 4% by mammography. It also indicated that younger women are more likely to discover tumors than older women, and that mammography is more likely to detect small tumors with negative axillary nodes. The effectiveness of mammography is most evident in women 50 to 74 years of age, although in women 45 to 49 years, the frequency of tumors detected by mammography nearly equals that for other groups. In black women, mammography may not be currently fully utilized. Analysis of the survey data would indicate that patients appear to demonstrate adequate skill in detecting tumors, as compared to physicians. A delay in diagnosis of longer than 3 months is associated with larger tumors and increased likelihood of axillary metastasis.
A feasibility study in the development of biological markers for ovarian cancer
Authors: Waalkes T. Phillip , Rosenshein Neil B. , Shaper Joel H. , Ettinger David S. , Woo Kwang B. , Paone Joseph F. , Gehrke Charles W.
Published: February 2007

As a primary feasibility study for the selection of biomarkers for more extended clinical evaluation, 17 potential biomarker candidates were measured in the body fluids of patients with ovarian carcinoma. For comparative purposes, patients were staged and separated into three groups: those considered completely free of disease, those with residual but minimal tumor, and those with advanced disease. Individual markers included plasma carcinoembryonic antigen, serum human chorionic gonadotrophin, urinary β‐aminoisobutyric acid, serum UDP‐galactosyltransferase, and urinary hydroxyproline. Structurally related groups of biomarkers included six modified nucleosides and three polyamines analyzed in urine, and three serum protein‐bound neutral carbohydrates. The respective chromatographic methods developed for these latter biochemical materials enabled all the individual compounds in each group to be quantitated simultaneously in one analytical run. The general frequency and degree of elevation for the total number of biomarkers was directly proportional to increasing tumor burden with specific exceptions, human chorionic gonadotrophin and β‐aminoisobutyric acid. Galactosyl‐transferase was the most frequently elevated in the limited disease categories. Several of the biomarkers were elevated in the majority of patients with advanced disease and appeared potentially superior to carcinoembryonic antigen or human chorionic gonadotrophin.
Melanoma arising under the nail
Authors: Papachristou Dimitri N. , Fortner Joseph C.
Published: February 2007

Subungual melanoma, a rare and easily misdiagnosed neoplasm, affected 52 patients. The lesion usually appeared as a dark spot under the nail, causing its destruction at a later stage. Diagnosis was missed by primary care physicians in 42% of the cases. Management in the hospital consisted of amputation of the involved finger or toe with or without regional node dissection. The study indicated that proper amputation should be at the tarsometatarsal or the carpometacarpal level. It also showed the node dissection should best be performed at the time of amputation, regardless of whether the nodes are clinically involved or not. Besides nodal metastasis, prognosis is adversely affected by nail destruction caused by the tumor. Subungual melanomas of the fingers have a better prognosis.
Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava
Authors: Patel J. K. , Englander L. S.
Published: February 2007

A case of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava of a 46‐year‐old man is presented, and review of 51 cases of this type of malignant tumor is made. The biological behavior of this tumor and various treatment modalities are discussed.
High‐flow isolation perfusion of the rat hind limb in vivo
Authors: Benckhuysen C. , Van Dijk W. J. , Van Hoff S. C. T
Published: February 2007

An in vivo model for perfusion chemotherapy of the rat hind limb is described in which perfusion at a predetermined flow rate of up to 4 ml·min−1can be rapidly established in a tourniquet‐isolated limb. Standard additions to the semisynthetic perfusion medium included glucose, insulin, and lactate from fresh human erythrocytes. Arteriovenous differences in oxygen content revealed a gradual increase with time of the rate of oxygen consumption until a plateau phase was reached. The plateau rates of oxygen consumption, and of utilization of lactate and of acetoacetate, when supplied, were significantly higher at 4 ml flow·min−1than at 1.2 ml·min−1. When perfusion was performed at 4 ml·min−1, and suitable metabolic substrates were supplied, the rate of oxygen consumption at the plateau level was apparently equal to the estimated in vivo rate.
Rhabdomyoma of the abdominal wall: Resection based upon computerized tomosraohic characteristics
Authors: Giuseffi Steven A. , Malangoni Mark A. , Madiedo Gonzalo
Published: February 2007

A unique report of an abdominal wall rhabdomyoma is presented. The rarity of this tumor may lead to confusion with a malignant neoplasm. Computerized axial tomography localized the tumor to a specific muscle group and demonstrated absence of invasion into surrounding tissues. Computerized tomography is valuable in the assessment of abdominal wall tumors and provides useful information in planning an operative approach.
Multimodality therapy of stage III adenocarcinoma of the breast
Authors: Bitran J. D. , Desser R. K. , Schifeling D. , Shapiro C. M. , Kozloff M. F. , Robin E. , Recant W. , Michel A. , Rochman H. , Billings A. A.
Published: February 2007

The results of a pilot multimodality program (surgery + radiotherapy + chemotherapy) are reported in 34 women with advanced stage III and IV adenocarcinoma of the breast. The median relapse‐free survival for all patients was 24 months, with 74% of the premenopausal patients and 37% of the postmenopausal alive at five years (P = 0.18). The relapse rate was significantly lower in premenopausal patients when compared to the postmenopausal subgroup. Estrogen receptor status was not predictive for relapse or survival.
Prolactin‐secreting tumors
Authors: Ozarda Ahsen T.
Published: February 2007

A case of galactorrhea induced by hyperprolactinemia has been reported. This patient had bronchogenic carcinoma, undifferentiated, spindle‐cell‐type, and underwent a pneumonectomy followed by postoperative irradiation of the mediastinum. The initial surgical resection, followed by irradiation, returned the abnormal levels of prolactin secretion to normal. Although subsequent determinations could not be made, this case supports evidence from earlier reports that galactorrhea‐induced hyperprolactinemia may occur concomitantly as a paraneoplastic syndrome with this rare form of carcinoma.
Heterochromia iridis and Homer's syndrome due to paravertebral neurilemmoma
Authors: Saved Atef K. , Miller Barbara A. , Lack Ernest E. , Sallan Stephen E. , Levey Raphael H.
Published: February 2007

A case of heterochromia iridis and Horner's syndrome is reported in a 7‐year old girl with paravertebral neurilemmoma. These clinical findings can be useful in the early diagnosis of mediastinal tumors in the paravertebral axis. While typically associated with neuroblastoma, these findings can be due to tumors which are inately benign — in this case neurilemmoma. The mechanism for heterochromia is briefly discussed.
Primary carcinoma of the liver: Diagnosis, prognosis, and management
Authors: Lee Yeu‐tsu N. (Margaret)
Published: February 2007

Hepatoma accounts for less than 2% of all cancer death in this country, but it is responsible for 10‐20% lethal malignancy in Asia and Africa. There are racial differences in its clinical manifestation, association with cirrhosis and/or hepatitis viral infection, pattern of spread, and prognosis. Mass screening program in China using alpha‐fetal protein test has detected earlier cases, improved resectability and cure rate. About 10‐15% of the patients in this country had surgical treatment. For patients with locally advanced and unresectable carcinoma, regional therapies such as infusion chemotherapy (IA hepatic or IV portal), ligation of hepatic artery, radiotherapy (external or internal), immunotherapy, either singularly or in various combinations have been tried. Despite the availability of Adriamycin and newer combinations of chemotherapeutic agents, patients with disseminated disease rarely respond. Other than earlier diagnosis, search for more effective drugs and multinodal approaches should be continued.
Ineffectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with metastatic ependymoma of the cauda equina
Authors: Morris Don M. , Steinert Harriett R. , Wiernik Peter H.
Published: February 2007

Six cases of intraspinal ependymoma metastasizing outside the central nervous system have been reported. This report documents a seventh case. This patient received multiple courses of combination and single‐agent chemotherapy without evidence of tumor regression. All seven patients had four things in common: early onset of disease, numerous operations, massive local recurrence at the time distant metastases were noted, and a long time period from diagnosis to death.
Response of metastatic breast cancer to tamoxifen withdrawal: Report of a case
Authors: Stein William , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Blumenschein George R.
Published: February 2007

This case history describes a patient with metastatic breast cancer treated sequentially with diethylstilbestrol, drug withdrawal, tamoxifen, and drug withdrawal again. An objective response was observed in all four instances. Withdrawal responses to tamoxifen exist and should be kept in mind for selected patients.
Effect of splenectomy on the growth of murine colon tumors
Authors: Sato Noriyuki , Michaelides Maria C. , Wallack Marc K.
Published: February 2007

We have previously demonstrated a high incidence of splenomegaly in BALB/c mice bearing colon tumor C‐C36, but not colon tumor C‐C26. To characterize this difference, tumor development in mice splenectomized seven days before tumor inoculation was compared to that of unoperated control mice. Our findings indicate that during the early phase, tumor growth is enhanced for both C‐C26 and C‐C36 in the splenectomized animals. The lag period for tumor appearance was also somewhat shorter in these splenectomized animals as compared to the controls, and metastatic tendency to the lungs was unaffected by splenectomy. These findings may have useful implications for the role of the spleen in the tumor‐bearing animal.
Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix with bilateral krukenberg ovarian tumors
Authors: Kashani Massoud , Levy Mitchell
Published: February 2007

An unusual case of a 22‐year‐old white female with known chronic ulcerative colitis presented with a several‐day history of lower abdominal pain and a pelvic mass. Laparotomy revealed a primary carcinoma of the appendix with Krukenberg metastasis to both ovaries. Pathologically this tumor appeared to arise from an appendix which showed no evidence of chronic ulcerative colitis and therefore could not be associated with the above‐mentioned entity.
Mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder: An autopsy case
Authors: Kanokogi Mototsugu , Uematsu Kunio , Kakudo Kennichi , Shimada Kenji , Ikoma Fumihiko
Published: February 2007

Mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder is an extremely rare tumor and appears to arise from the embryonic cell rests in the bladder. The case herein described was a patient with mesonephric adenocarcinoma, confirmed by autopsy to originate from the bladder, and with this paper, seems to be only the third case of such tumor in the literature.
Adriamycin, CCNU, and 5‐fluorouracil in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Cedermark Bjöurn J. , Cunven Peter , Hammarberg Gary
Published: February 2007

Forty‐one patients with measurable advanced gastrointestinal malignancy were treated with a combination of Adriamycin (doxorubicin), 5‐FU (5‐fluorouracil), and CCNU (1‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐3‐cyclohexyl‐1‐nitrosourea). The response to therapy was evaluated every eight weeks. In addition to standard clinical examinations and laboratory tests to evaluate toxicity, 31 patients were asked to rank both the expected and experienced negative effects of the treatment. Although both patients with hepatocellular cancer and the patient with a soft tissue sarcoma responded to the regimen, only 1 of 38 patients with adenocarcinoma had a favourable response. The clinically measurable toxicity, principally to the gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow, was relatively mild. However, the patients' subjective evaluation of their treatment made the side effects appear more significant. The results suggest that this regimen deserves further evaluation in patients with hepatocellular cancer and soft tissue sarcomas.
Treatment of adriamycin‐lnduced skin ulcers: A prospective controlled study
Authors: Coleman John J. , Walker Alonzo P. , Didolkar Mukund S.
Published: February 2007

Extravasation into the skin and subcutaneous tissues of vesicant antineoplastic agents such as Adriamycin can be a serious clinical problem causing indolent necrotic ulcers. Several methods of therapy have been advocated but none has convincingly demonstrated superiority. A controlled animal experiment was designed to test four methods of therapy. Sixty‐three 200‐g Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups of ten and one group of three. Groups I through V each received an intradermal injection of 0.2 mg Adriamycin diluted in 1 cc saline. Group I rats served as Adriamycin ulcer controls. Group II rats underwent immediate excision of the area discolored by the Adriamycin injection with primary closure of the wound. Five group III rats underwent excision and closure at 48 hours and five at seven days. Group IV rats received an immediate injection of 0.2 mg of hydrocortisone into the area of Adriamycin discoloration. Group V rats received immediate injection of 200 mg alphatocopherol (vitamin E) into the discolored area. Group VI rats received no Adriamycin injection but served as controls, five receiving hydrocortisone injections and five receiving vitamin E injections, intradermally. Group VII rats also served as controls, one receiving 2 cc saline injection, one receiving 1 cc saline and 1 cc hydrocortisone, and one receiving 1 cc saline and 1 cc vitamin E. The rats were observed for ten weeks. Biopsies were taken for histologic examination and measurements of ulcer size were made. Group II, III, VI, and VII animals did not develop ulcers and all excised injections in groups II and III healed within seven days of closure; no ulcers recurred in these rats within the ten‐week observation period. All animals in groups I, IV, and V developed ulcers which showed no difference in size at 16 days.

We conclude that local injection of hydrocortisone and vitamin E are ineffectual in the treatment of the Adriamycin extravasation. Excision of the involved area to the underlying fascia with primary closure as soon as possible after the extravasation is more likely to be beneficial.
Pigmented tumors of the skin
Authors: Jackson Robert
Published: February 2007

Based on a personal series of red, brown, black, and blue tumors of the skin, the various living gross pathological features are compared. In general good signs are tumors with round or oval shapes, no ulceration, of all one color and containing hair. Bad signs are notched or linear borders, ulceration, or variation in color.
Treatment of advanced malignant hemangiopericytoma with combination adriamycin and dtic: A report of four cases
Authors: Beadle C. F. , Hillcoat B. L.
Published: February 2007

One patient with a large inoperable malignant hemangiopericytoma and three patients with local recurrence and/or metastases were treated with combination adriamycin, 50 mg/m2, and DTIC, 600–700 mg/m2, intravenously every 4 weeks. Two achieved palliation, one with measurable shrinkage of tumor, and the other with loss of incapacitating lower limb edema secondary to vascular and lymphatic obstruction. The third patient objectively had a less than partial response. The fourth patient did not respond to adriamycin and DTIC or to a subsequent trial of cis‐platinum, 60 mg/m2, intravenously every 3 weeks. However, radiotherapy produced an objective response at the site of the local recurrence and relief of painful bone metastases. Two patients died of progressive disease; the third patient has stable disease and is continuing chemotherapy; and the fourth patient died, probably from adriamycin‐induced cardiac failure in the presence of rapidly advancing intraabdominal metastases. The combination of adriamycin and DTIC is active in malignant hemangiopericytoma, and palliation of advanced disease can be achieved. However, prolonged survival is uncommon in the presence of a large tumor burden.
Malignant hemangiopericytoma of the gallbladder
Authors: Gupta S. , Padmanabhan A. , Khanna S.
Published: February 2007

A rare case of malignant hemangiopericytoma in the gallbladder is de scribed perhaps for the first time in the literature. Areas of necrosis, mitotic activity within the tumor, and the presence of metastases in the regional lymph nodes and right ovary suggest an aggressive behavior of the tumor and poor prognosis.
Serum B2‐microglobulin determinations in patients bearing soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Johnson Houston , Flye M. Wayne
Published: February 2007

To determine whether serum β2‐microglobulin values could be useful as a tumor marker in patients with soft tissue sarcomas, 31 preoperative sera stored in our serum bank were assayed by radioimmunoassay for β2‐microglobulin levels. Sera were selected from patients known to have large bulky tumors, but no evidence of other major systemic disorders. Thirty‐one sera of sex and age matched controls were assayed for compar ison. The laboratory range for normal serum β2‐microglobulin values was 1.1‐2.4 mg/1. Our control patients had values ranging from 0.7‐1.7 mg/1. Values in tumor patients ranged from 0.7‐2.5 mg/1. No markedly elevated values were observed in any single patient. Four age groups, 20‐29, 30‐39, 40‐49, and 50‐59 years, revealed no significant differences. This observation differs from previously reported data. Serum β2‐microglobu lin appears to have no value as a tumor marker in patients with soft tissue sarcomas. We were unable to substantiate findings by others that there is a significant increase in values of normal subjects corresponding to ad vancing age.
Mycosis fungoides: An overview
Authors: Patel Suresh P. , Holtermann Ole A.
Published: February 2007

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a lymphoma that appears to have a unique relationship with the skin. In recent years our knowledge about this disease has increased considerably, in particular regarding the nature of the malignant cells and their functional characteristics. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence suggesting a viral etiology. Since its first description by Alibert in the early part of the past century, MF has been the subject of much controversy in regard to fundamental issues such as clinical and histological criteria for the establishment of the diagnosis [1] as well as its relationship to other lymphomas and skin diseases. Some of this controversy remains today. Mycosis fungoides is a relatively uncommon disease, the incidence being in the order of 1‐2 million per year [1,2]. As is the case with most neoplastic diseases, the incidence increases with age; however, relatively speaking MF is not exceptional among individuals in their twenties or thirties. As for sex distribution there is a slight preponderance of men [3‐5].
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Authors: Wiss Donald A.
Published: February 2007

A malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the shoulder in an elderly woman is reported. This heterogenous tumor is thought to be the most common soft tissue sarcoma of late adult life. Typically, the tumor appears as an enlarging soft tissue mass in the proximal portion of an extremity. On histological examination, the tumor contains a bimodal cell population of fibroblast and histiocytelike cells. The location, size, and depth of the tumor have a significant effect upon survival. The biological behavior of malignant fibrous histiocytoma is usually one of local recurrence followed by metastasis. At the present time complete surgical removal offers the best hope for cure.
Metastatic malignant melanoma of unknown primary origin: A study of 30 cases
Authors: Panagopoulos Emmanuel , Murray Douglas
Published: February 2007

Thirty patients with metastatic malignant melanoma of unknown primary origin treated at Emory University Clinic between 1940 and 1975 are presented. This group represents the 4.4% of all melanomas treated during the same period of time at Emory. Nineteen (63.3%) patients had nodal metastases only, and they were handled by radical lymphadenectomy of the involved area. The remaining 11 patients presented with lung or widespread subcutaneous metastatic disease and treated with biopsy and radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The former group experienced 28.6% five‐and ten‐year actuarial survival while patients with lung metastases succumbed within four months after diagnosis. Spontaneous regression of a typical melanoma skin lesion has been reported in three patients prior to development of metastatic disease.
Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the breast. I. Pathological finding and pattern of relapse
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N. (Margaret) , Terry Roger
Published: February 2007

This is a retrospective review of 476 patients who had mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast during 1971–1980. There is a positive correlation of size of the primary tumor and the incidence of axillary nodal metastasis. Infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma had a significantly higher incidence of nodal metastasis (and greater chance of having four or more positive nodes) than that of medullary and colloid carcinomas. Colloid carcinoma smaller than 4 cm and the less common histological subtypes (comedo, tubular, papillary carcinomas) rarely metastasizes. At a median follow‐up time of 53 months, 23% of patients with infiltrating ductal, lobular, or medullary carcinomas and who did not have nodal metastasis had relapse, while 50% of those with nodal involvement had relapse. Among those who relapsed, 18% initially had only locoregional recurrence, 60% had distant metastasis, and 22% had both types.
Suppressor substance produced by the K562 cell line in vitro
Authors: Korzelius J. M. , Bealmear P. M. , Holtermann O. A.
Published: February 2007

Supernatant fluids from three human cultured cell lines, K562, NALM‐1, and Daudi, all isolated from patients with lymphoreticular malignancies, were tested for suppressive activity toward normal lymphocytes in vitro. It was found that the K562 line elaborated material which effectively suppressed the response of normal human blood lymphocytes to the T‐cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin and concanaval in A as well as the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Little or no suppressive activity was evident when supernatants from Daudi or NALM‐1 were used. In contrast, a recent report [29] indicates that K562 does not inhibit the induction of immunoglobulin synthesis of B lymphocytes by pokeweed mitogen. The findings are discussed in the context of the immunosuppression associated with cancer and the apparent selective inhibition of different lymphocyte functions by material elaborated by different neoplasms.
Osteoblastic metastatic disease as a therapeutic response to adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Demartini Angela L. , Buzdar Aman U. , Blumenschein George R.
Published: February 2007

Included in this study were 43 breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy who presented metastasis only in bone. Forty‐two percent had metastasis during chemotherapy, and 58% had metastasis after the completion of chemotherapy. In 66% of the patients, the lesions were osteolytic. Twenty‐nine percent had osteoblastic lesions, and 5% had mixed lesions. Of the patients with osteoblastic metastatic disease, five showed asymptomatic, osteoblastic disease; this response was considered to be a healing response to chemotherapy. These five patients were continued on the same therapy. The median duration of this response to the adjuvant chemotherapy was 29 months (range 6 to 62+). In one patient, osteoblastic disease gradually faded, and skeletal radiographs reverted to normal.
The technique of major amputations for malignant tumors
Authors: Karakousis C. P.
Published: February 2007

Major amputations for malignant tumors have declined in incidence due to limb salvage procedures using combinations of modalities. For extensive malignant growths, amputations are still necessary and life‐saving operations. Familiarity with the anatomy and technique involved is important. In the following, technical details related to these operations and their variants are provided.
Metastatic cancer from an undetermined primary site
Authors: Greager John A. , Wood Donald , Gupta Tapas K. Das
Published: February 2007

The charts of 285 patients diagnosed as metastatic cancer from an undetermined primary site were reviewed. An attempt was made to characterize this disease entity more specifically, and to evaluate the various modes of therapy utilized in such patients. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic type overall; squamous cell carcinoma is most common in 5‐year survivors. Lymph nodes are the most common metastatic site overall and in 5‐year survivors. The mean overall survival is 8.69 months with 8.7% 2‐year survivors and 2.8% 5‐year survivors. Surgery alone, radiation alone or in combination, and chemotherapy alone or in combination were utilized in these patients with 5‐year survivals of 11, 3.7, and 1.1%, respectively. The 5‐year survivors all had therapy initiated immediately after histologic diagnosis and medical workup, and all of their tumors were less than 8 cm in diameter. In view of this data, patients with metastatic cancer from an undetermined primary site should always be considered for early, aggressive therapy.
Palliative resection in gastric cancer
Authors: Meijer S. , de Bakker O. J. C. B. , Hoitsma H. F. W.
Published: February 2007

Fifty‐one of 256 patients underwent a palliative procedure for advanced carcinoma of the stomach (TNM stage IV). The resection was classified as palliative if metastatic disease was left behind in the lymph nodes, if involvement of organs elsewhere in the abdominal cavity was present, or if microscopy revealed tumor tissue in the resection lines. Twenty‐six patients underwent a resection for palliation. There were 14 total and 12 partial gastrectomies. There were 2 deaths after total gastrectomy because of anastomotic leakage. The mean survival time after operation was 9.5 months. In 13 patients (50%) palliation was good with preoperative symptomatic relief without initiating new symptoms, acceptable body weight, and solid food intake. In 7 patients (27%) palliation was moderate, and in 4 (15%) poor. The results after gastroenterostomy in 25 patients were poor. The study shows that palliative total and partial gastrectomy can produce palliation in advanced gastric cancer.
Recent advances in epidermal biology: Relevance to epidermal malignancies
Authors: Goldsmith Lowell A.
Published: February 2007

Recent advances in the biology of the epidermis increase our understanding of skin cancer. Epidermal tissue culture demonstrates that cells from epidermal malignancies retain their malignant characteristics. Some epidermal tumors contain a low molecular weight keratin as a major structural protein; a low molecular weight keratin is a characteristic of fetal epidermis as well. Certain epidermal cell‐surface antigens, such as the pemphigus antigen, may be absent in skin cancers. A population of long‐lived skin cells may be the site for genetic alterations that eventually produces skin cancers. A population of basal “dark” cells is increased after treatment with tumor promoting agents such as phorbol esters. Two‐stage (initiation, promotion) epidermal carcinogenesis can now be studied in tissue culture. Several components of the complex multilayered basement membrane zone are produced by epidermal cells. Malignancies of epidermal cells may extend beyond the basement membrane zone by disordered synthesis of the zone or by producing enzymes including collagenases that alter the zone.
Aggressive surgery for management of recurrent intraabdominal carcinoma
Authors: Roseman James M. , Minton John P.
Published: February 2007

With the evolution of effective multimodality control of various tumors, the role of surgery for recurrent malignancies is emerging as significant factor in not only maintaining that control, but in permitting the possibility of late cure of certain, even advanced intraabdominal malignancies. Several patients with Stage IV colon or ovarian carcinoma were evaluated and found to benefit from such an aggressive surgical approach with the result of long term control as well as apparent clinical cure in the several instances. These possibilities are becoming increasingly significant as progress is made in the various treatment modalities for neoplastic diseases.
Clinical aspects of steroid hormone receptors in human renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Karr James P. , Pontes J. Edson , Schneider Sara , Sandberg Avery A. , Murphy Gerald P.
Published: February 2007

A review of the role of steroid hormone receptors and hormonal dependence of renal cell carcinoma in certain patients is presented. The results of a cumulative series of estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptor assays performed on 48 normal and malignant human renal tumor specimens are given. The detectable presence of receptor proteins in certain patients could obviate the empirical use of hormonal therapy, an issue that may be resolved through a randomized multiinstitutional trial.
Antigen‐coated immunoadsorbents utilized for in vivo depletion of antibodies and lymphocytes with specificity for the antigen
Authors: Cameron Deborah J. , Fitts C. Thomas , Rajagopalan P. R.
Published: February 2007

Hyperacute rejection of xenografts is thought to be triggered by humoral antibodies. It is known that natural antibodies against dog blood cells have been identified in sheep serum. Dog kidney antigen immunoadsorbent columns were placed in the extracorporeal lymph circuit of two sheep. In vivo studies have shown that these immunoadsorbent columns were effective in depleting the thoracic duct lymph of all antibodies with specificity for the dog kidney antigen. However, these columns were not effective in depleting the thoracic duct lymphocytes bearing surface receptors for the dog kidney antigen. When in vitro studies were carried out, the immunoadsorbent columns were effective in the depletion of both lymphocytes and antibody for the dog kidney antigen. Thus, since a humoral antibody response is thought to be responsible for the hyperacute rejection seen in xenografts, it is possible that these columns might be effective in prolonging xenograft survival.