bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical design and prediction of properties for dinitromethyl, fluorodinitromethyl, and (difluoroamino)dinitromethyl derivatives of triazole and tetrazole
Authors: Fei Teng , Du Yao , Pang Siping
Published: March 2018

Twelve series of –CH(NO2)2, –CF(NO2)2and –C(NF2)(NO2)2substituted derivatives of triazole and tetrazole were designed, some physicochemical or detonation properties of them were calculated.
Macroporous polymers prepared via frozen UV polymerization of the emulsion-templates stabilized by a low amount of surfactant
Authors: Fan Xiaoxing , Zhang Shengmiao , Zhu Yun , Chen Jianding
Published: March 2018

PolyHIPE is prepared via frozen UV polymerization of the HIPE stabilized by a tiny amount (e.g. 0.1 wt%) of surfactant.
Acidic ionic liquid based UiO-67 type MOFs: a stable and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for esterification
Authors: Xu Zichen , Zhao Guoying , Ullah Latif , Wang Meng , Wang Aoyun , Zhang Yanqiang , Zhang Suojiang
Published: March 2018

Acidic ionic liquid groups were introduced into the frameworks successfully and the resulting materials showed excellent activity.
A highly rigid and gas selective methanopentacene-based polymer of intrinsic microporosity derived from Tröger's base polymerization
Authors: Williams Rhodri , Burt Luke. A. , Esposito Elisa , Jansen Johannes C. , Tocci Elena , Rizzuto Carmen , Lanč Marek , Carta Mariolino , McKeown Neil. B.
Published: March 2018

A Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM) constructed using exceptionally rigid methanopentacene structural units demonstrates high selectivity for gas separations.
Structure and electrochemical properties of Na2±xV3P2O13 (x = 0 and 1): a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Reddy M. Anji , Euchner Holger , Witter Raiker , Clemens Oliver
Published: March 2018

We report the synthesis, structure and electrochemical properties of sodium vanadium oxy phosphate Na2±xV3P2O13 (x = 0 and 1), a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.
Narrow bandgap non-fullerene acceptor based on a thiophene-fused benzothiadiazole unit with a high short-circuit current density of over 20 mA cm−2
Authors: Xu Han , Yang Yang , Zhong Cheng , Zhan Xiaowei , Chen Xingguo
Published: March 2018

Organic solar cells based on a new non-fullerene acceptor containing a thiophene-fused benzothiadiazole unit and a polymer donor PTB7-Th showed a PCE of 9.07% with a high Jsc of over 20.33 mA cm−2.
First-principles insights into tin-based two-dimensional hybrid halide perovskites for photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Ganose Alex M. , Niu Chunming , Scanlon David O.
Published: March 2018

Layered lead-free perovskites, (BA)2(MA)n−1SnnI3n+1, exhibit excellent optoelectric properties for photovoltaic applications. The champion absorber displays a high spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency greater than 24%, competitive with current generation absorbers.
Substituted thiadiazoles as energy-rich anolytes for nonaqueous redox flow cells
Authors: Huang Jinhua , Duan Wentao , Zhang Jingjing , Shkrob Ilya A. , Assary Rajeev S. , Pan Baofei , Liao Chen , Zhang Zhengcheng , Wei Xiaoliang , Zhang Lu
Published: March 2018

Understanding structure–property relationships is essential for designing energy-rich redox active organic molecules (ROMs) for all-organic redox flow batteries.
Efficient device engineering for inverted non-fullerene organic solar cells with low energy loss
Authors: Xiao Jingyang , Chen Ziming , Zhang Guichuan , Li Qing-Ya , Yin Qingwu , Jiang Xiao-Fang , Huang Fei , Xu Yun-Xiang , Yip Hin-Lap , Cao Yong
Published: March 2018

We have systematically investigated the synergistic effect of thermal annealing and interlayer modification on improving the performance of inverted non-fullerene organic solar cells.
Correction: Towards efficient dual-emissive carbon dots through sulfur and nitrogen co-doped
Authors: Zhou Wan , Zhuang Jianle , Li Wei , Hu Chaofan , Lei Bingfu , Liu Yingliang
Published: March 2018

Correction for ‘Towards efficient dual-emissive carbon dots through sulfur and nitrogen co-doped’ by Wan Zhou et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2017, 5, 8014–8021.
Knockdown of MRPL42 suppresses glioma cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
Authors: Hao Chunyan , Duan Hubin , Li Hao , Wang Huan , Liu Yueting , Fan Yimin , Zhang Ce
Published: March 2018

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are functionally involved in protein synthesis in mitochondrion. Recently numerous studies have illuminated the role of mitochondrion in cancer development. However, the precise function of mitochondrial ribosomal protein L42 (MRPL42) remains unclear. Here in the present study, we identified MRPL42 as a novel oncogene in glioma. By analyzing the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we first found that MRPL42 was significantly up-regulated in glioma tissues compared with normal tissues. Functionally, we silenced MRPL42 in glioma cells and revealed that MRPL42 knockdown largely blunted the proliferation of U251 and A172 cells. Mechanistically, our results suggested that MRPL42 silencing resulted in increased distribution of cell cycle in G1 and G2/M phases, while the S-phase decreased. In addition, the apoptosis and caspase3/7 activity were both activated after MRPL42 knockdown. Taken together, MRPL42 is a novel oncogene in glioma and might help us develop promising targetted therapies for glioma patients.
Examination of Prosody and Timbre Perception in Adults With Cochlear Implants Comparing Different Fine Structure Coding Strategies
Authors: Müller Verena , Klünter Heinz , Fürstenberg Dirk , Meister Hartmut , Walger Martin , Lang-Roth Ruth
Published: March 2018

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate whether adults with cochlear implants benefit from a change of fine structure (FS) coding strategies regarding the discrimination of prosodic speech cues, timbre cues, and the identification of natural instruments. The FS processing (FSP) coding strategy was compared to 2 settings of the FS4 strategy.

Method

A longitudinal crossover, double-blinded study was conducted. This study consisted of 2 parts, with 14 participants in the first part and 12 participants in the second part. Each part lasted 3 months, in which participants were alternately fitted with either the established FSP strategy or 1 of the 2 newly developed FS4 settings. Participants had to complete an intonation identification test; a timbre discrimination test in which 1 of 2 isolated cues changed, either the spectral centroid or the spectral irregularity; and an instrument identification test.

Results

A significant effect was seen in the discrimination of spectral irregularity with 1 of the 2 FS4 settings. The improvement was seen in the FS4 setting in which the upper envelope channels had a low stimulation rate. This improvement was not seen with the FS4 setting that had a higher stimulation rate on the envelope channels.

Conclusions

In general, the FSP strategy and the 2 settings of the FS4 strategy provided similar levels in the perception of prosody and timbre cues, as well as in the identification of instruments.
Training Students to Evaluate Preterm Infant Feeding Safety Using a Video-Recorded Patient Simulation Approach
Authors: Ferguson Neina F. , Estis Julie M.
Published: March 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine if brief video-recorded patient simulation training increased students' ability to assess feeding skills in preterm infants.

Method

Baccalaureate-level nursing students (
N
= 52) and graduate-level speech-language pathology students (
N
= 42) were randomized to 1 of 2 groups: didactic training (
N
= 51) or didactic training plus video simulation (
N
= 43). Outcome measures included knowledge test scores, calculated clinical judgment scores, and clinical marker documentation accuracy.

Results

Students' knowledge increased as the result of training, without differences in test scores between the 2 types of training. Students who received video simulation training interpreted simulated feeding behaviors of preterm infants more accurately than students who received didactic training. Infant distress signs were also documented with higher accuracy for students who received video simulation training. After training and regardless of method, participants correctly attributed distress behaviors during bottle-feeding to increased risk for feeding difficulty.

Conclusions

In the current educational environment, training opportunities with high-risk preterm infants are constrained by access to health care settings specializing in care for this population and availability of clinical supervisors with expertise in this area of practice. Patient simulators are expensive; however, video simulation offers inexpensive opportunities for students to effectively gain knowledge and skills for assessing feeding in preterm infants. With video simulation, students effectively apply principles of preterm infant feeding to cases and practice critical thinking skills before entering related clinical practicum placements.
MRF‐based terrain map inference using variational feature projection
Authors: Yu H.W. , Lee B.H.
Published: March 2018

A method to infer the terrain of unobserved fields as well as navigation paths using vibrations from vehicle–terrain interactions is presented. The relationships between adjacent terrain grids and robot paths are modelled by Markov random field (MRF) for inferring the classes of unobserved field. In order to approximate the complex likelihood of vibration features as a tractable distribution, a variational auto‐encoder is adopted. By projecting intractable features to the latent space, an approximated likelihood that gives similar performance to a neural network classifier is obtained. Then the numerical maximum a posterior inference for MRF is obtained. The result of inferred terrain maps are compared with that from the feature likelihood as a Gaussian‐mixture model.
JPEG image width estimation for file carving
Authors: Wu Xianyan , Han Qi , Niu Xiamu , Zhang Hongli , Yiu Siu‐Ming , Fang Junbin
Published: March 2018

Image width is an important factor for making the partially recovered data perceptually meaningful in image file carving. The authors conduct a comprehensive comparison of the performance of the representative methods for estimating the JPEG image width. Experimental results show that the best methods based on pixels are always better than the best methods based on quantised discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients. To keep the good performance of the pixel‐based methods when the correct quantisation tables are unavailable, the authors replace the correct quantisation tables with the standard ones. Experimental results certify that such a replacement has only a little effect on the performance of the pixel‐based methods, the best of which still outperform the best methods based on quantised DCT coefficients. The two results indicate that it may be enough to just focus on the pixel‐based methods for future work. Finally, they propose a pixel‐based method, which derives the candidate image widths from the most likely adjacent minimum coded unit (MCU) pairs in the vertical direction. The candidate width which appears most frequently is chosen as the estimated image width. Experimental results show that the proposed method usually has the best performance when most MCUs of an image are recovered.
Field‐oriented control based on hysteresis band current controller for a permanent magnet synchronous motor driven by a direct matrix converter
Authors: Zhang Jianwei , Yang Haitao , Wang Tianshi , Li Li , Dorrell David G. , Lu Dylan Dah‐Chuan
Published: March 2018

The hysteresis band controller offers excellent dynamic performance. It has been widely researched and applied to the voltage source inverter and inverter fed drives, however it has not been investigated within the context of a matrix converter or a matrix converter based motor drive. In this study, both fixed‐band and sinusoidal‐band hysteresis current controllers are proposed and developed for a direct matrix converter. A comprehensive comparative evaluation of the two methods is then carried out. Both methods have fast dynamic performance and they inherently integrate the line modulation technique of the virtual rectifier stage into the overall modulation. Surge currents are prevented with the proposed scheme. The sinusoidal‐band hysteresis controller demonstrates lower total harmonic distortion at the expense of higher average switching frequency, which is only significantly observable at very high sampling frequencies. The proposed controller is integrated with the field‐oriented control to drive a matrix converter fed permanent magnet synchronous machine. The proposed methods are simple and incur a light computational burden, which advances the practical applications of matrix converters in AC motor drives. The simulation and experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Multiple interferences suppression method based on adaptive signal data regrouping for GNSS receivers
Authors: Guo Qiang , Qi Liangang , Xiang Jianhong , Ruan Guoqing
Published: March 2018

The number of wide‐band interfering signals which can be suppressed by an antenna array is limited to the number of antenna elements. To address this problem, a multiple interferences suppression method based on adaptive signal data regrouping for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers is proposed on the basis of analysing the generalised periodic and sparse property of the wide‐band periodic frequency modulated (WBPFM) signals. By exploiting the feature of the singular value ratio (SVR) spectrum of received signals containing periodic components, the authors introduce an improved SVR‐based period estimation method to estimate the minimum common period (MCP) of WBPFM interfering signals. Regroup the signal data to construct space–time (ST) matrixes according to the estimated MCP. Then, an orthogonal minimum power distortionless response‐based ST processor is adopted to nullify the interferences and protect GNSS signals. Simulation results show that the proposed method can suppress more wide‐band interferences without increasing the number of antenna elements.
Orbital‐angular‐momentum‐carrying wave scattering by the chaff clouds
Authors: Bo Tang , Jian Bai , Xin‐Qing Sheng
Published: March 2018

This article studies the scattering of the orbital‐angular‐momentum (OAM) carrying wave by chaff clouds. The OAM‐carrying wave (vortex wave) has different phase distribution and amplitude distribution from the plane wave, thus the scattering characteristics of vortex wave by chaff clouds need to be investigated. There are three aspects studied through analysis and numerical computation here, including the scattering by a single dipole, the transmitted wave through the chaff clouds, and the back‐scattering by chaff clouds. The results show that the transmitted wave is not an ideal vortex wave any more after transmitting through the chaff clouds, but the information carried by vortex wave can more easily pass through the chaff cloud than plane wave. The reason is that the information is located on the azimuth‐angle domain (OAM modes) besides the time domain and the frequency domain. So, the information can be detected by OAM‐mode filtering. It may also be beneficial for the application of the vortex wave in chaff jamming.
Facile sonication‐assisted synthesis and characterisations of silica decorated graphene nanocomposites
Authors: Varghese Rintu , Christo Anitha Dhivya , Henry Joy Prabu , Irudayaraj Johnson
Published: March 2018

This work demonstrates the fabrication of a composite nanomaterial consisting of spherical silica nanoparticles decorated onto the graphene sheets which has been prepared by the sonication‐assisted method. Graphene/silica nanocomposites were fabricated by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of graphene oxide which has been obtained by modified Hummer's method. The obtained nanostructures were characterised by the X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD analysis depicts the coexistence of silica and graphene in the composite material. The morphology of synthesised silica–graphene nanocomposites was characterised by SEM and TEM. All images have been observed in the presence of SiO2 nanoparticles of similar sizes which were grafted on the surface of graphene effectively. More significantly, the BET analysis revealed that the silica decorated graphene nanocomposites exhibit enhanced surface area than bare silica and graphene.
The Local Bubble: a magnetic veil to our Galaxy
Authors: Alves M. I. R. , Boulanger F. , Ferrière K. , Montier L.
Published: March 2018

The magnetic field in the local interstellar medium does not follow the large-scale Galactic magnetic field. The local magnetic field has probably been distorted by the Local Bubble, a cavity of hot ionized gas extending all around the Sun and surrounded by a shell of cold neutral gas and dust. However, so far no conclusive association between the local magnetic field and the Local Bubble has been established. Here we develop an analytical model for the magnetic field in the shell of the Local Bubble, which we represent as an inclined spheroid, off-centred from the Sun. We fit the model to Planck dust polarized emission observations within 30° of the Galactic poles. We find a solution that is consistent with a highly deformed magnetic field, with significantly different directions towards the north and south Galactic poles. This work sets a methodological framework for modelling the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the magnetic field in the local interstellar medium, which is a most awaited input for large-scale Galactic magnetic field models.
Pratique orthodontique et pathologie de la muqueuse buccale chez l’enfant et l’adolescent
Authors: Sicard L. , Benmoussa L. , Moreau N. , Salmon B. , Ejeil A.-L.
Published: March 2018

Les enfants et adolescents en cours de traitement orthodontique peuvent présenter des pathologies de la muqueuse orale d’origine infectieuse, héréditaire, maligne, traumatique ou idiopathique. L’orthodontiste doit pouvoir dépister ces lésions, les reconnaître, afin d’instaurer un traitement adapté et/ou d’adresser le patient à un spécialiste. L’objectif de cet article est de décrire ces différentes lésions pour un diagnostic et une prise en charge plus aisés.
Extracts of Tectona grandis and Vernonia amygdalina have anti-Toxoplasma and pro-inflammatory properties in vitro
Authors: Dégbé Mlatovi , Debierre-Grockiego Françoise , Tété-Bénissan Amivi , Débare Héloïse , Aklikokou Kodjo , Dimier-Poisson Isabelle , Gbeassor Messanvi
Published: March 2018

Tectona grandis (teak) and Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) are plants used in traditional medicine in West Africa. In this study, we tested ethanolic and hydro-ethanolic extracts of bark and leaves of T. grandis and ethanolic extract of leaves of V. amygdalina for their inhibitory effect on Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis. Ethanolic extract of V. amygdalina leaves had proportional contents of phenols, tannins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. This extract presented the highest efficacy against T. gondii, the lowest cytotoxicity to mammalian cells, but moderate anti-oxidant activity compared to other plant extracts. Ethanolic extract of T. grandis bark also had elevated anti-T. gondii activity, low cytotoxicity on mammalian cells, and one of the highest anti-oxidant activities. However, the phytochemical content of this extract was not very different from the hydro-ethanolic extract, which had no anti-T. gondii activity. In addition, ethanolic extract of V. amygdalina leaves, but not of T. grandis bark, significantly increased the production of TNF-α and NO by antigen-presenting cells. Both extracts had the tendency to decrease expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules at the surface of antigen-presenting cells, while they did not modulate the percentage of apoptotic cells. A study of signalling pathways would help to determine the mechanisms of action of these plant extracts.
Une vie plus saine
et un monde plus vert… dans la tête
Authors: Le Ngoc Boris
Published: March 2018

Peut-on articuler bien-être personnel et progrès ?
L’étude de Sociovision révèle que loin du bruit
de fond médiatique qui confronte en permanence
ces deux aspects, les populations mondiales aspirent
conjointement aux deux, et pensent que l’un va avec
l’autre. Aspirant à une vie plus équilibrée, les habitants
de notre siècle recherchent un bien-être individuel à tous
les niveaux : famille, santé, travail, loisir. Le nucléaire,
énergie décarbonée ne rejetant pas de polluants dans
l’atmosphère, a tous les atouts pour accompagner
ce projet de société tourné vers un monde plus proche
de la nature, tout en restant urbain.
Therapeutic Perspectives on Chia Seed and Its Oil: A Review
Authors: Parker John , Schellenberger Amanda , Roe Amy , Oketch-Rabah Hellen , Calderón Angela
Published: March 2018

The attraction of novel foods proceeds alongside epidemic cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and related risk factors. Dieticians have identified chia (Salvia hispanica) as a product with a catalog of potential health benefits relating to these detriments. Chia is currently consumed not only as seeds, but also as oil, which brings about similar effects. Chia seeds and chia seed oil are used mainly as a food commodity and the oil is also used popularly as a dietary ingredient used in various dietary supplements available in the U. S. market. Chia seed is rich in α-linolenic acid, the biological precursor to eicosapentaenoic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Because the body cannot synthesize α-linolenic acid, chia has a newfound and instrumental role in diet. However, the inconclusive nature of the scientific communityʼs understanding of its safety warrants further research and appropriate testing. The focus of this work is to summarize dietary health benefits of S. hispanica seed and oil to acknowledge concerns of adverse events from its ingestion, to assess current research in the field, and to highlight the importance of quality compendial standards to support safe use. To achieve this end, a large-scale literature search was partaken on the two well-known databases, PubMed and SciFinder. Hundreds of articles detailing such benefits as decreased blood glucose, decreased waist circumference and weight in overweight adults, and improvements in pruritic skin and endurance in distance runners have been recorded. These benefits must be considered within the appropriate circumstances.
Intra-articular Alpha-2 Agonists as an Adjunct to Local Anesthetic in Knee Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Holyoak Rhys , Vlok Ruan , Melhuish Thomas , Hodge Anthony , Binks Matthew , Hurtado Glenn , White Leigh , Ryan Thomas
Published: March 2018

The infiltration of local anesthetic has been shown to reduce postoperative pain in knee arthroscopy. Several studies have shown that the addition of agents such as magnesium and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) result in an increased time to first analgesia and overall reduction in pain. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether the addition of an α-2 agonist (A2A) to intra-articular local anesthetic, results in a reduction in postoperative pain. Four major databases were systematically searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to July 2017. RCTs containing a control group receiving a local anesthetic and an intervention group receiving the same with the addition of an A2A were included in the review. The included studies were assessed for level of evidence and risk of bias. The data were then analyzed both qualitatively and where appropriate by meta-analysis. We reviewed 12 RCTs including 603 patients. We found that the addition of an A2A resulted in a significant reduction in postoperative pain up to 24 hours. The addition of the A2A increased time to first analgesia request by 258.85 minutes (p < 0.00001). Total 24-hour analgesia consumption was analyzed qualitatively with all included studies showing a significant reduction in total analgesia requirement. Interestingly, none of the studies found an increase in side effects associated with the A2A. This study provides strong evidence for the use of A2As as a means to reduce postoperative pain post arthroscopic knee surgery, without a corresponding increase in side effects.
Emotionsregulation und Bindungsmuster
Authors: Plassmann Reinhard
Published: March 2018

In Psychotherapien und Psychoanalysen bilden sich ebenso wie in der kindlichen
Entwicklung dynamische Beziehungsmuster, die durch unverarbeitetes emotionales
Material erzeugt werden. Sie haben starken Einfluss auf das transformative
Geschehen und können die Emotionsregulation und Emotionsverarbeitung begünstigen
oder behindern. Die vorliegende Arbeit diskutiert Erklärungsmodelle und
Behandlungstechnik, ergänzt durch Fallbeispiele.
Emotionen und Übertragungskonzept
Authors: Voos Dunja
Published: March 2018

Es ist so alltäglich und doch muss man erst einmal darauf kommen: Der Mensch
kann, wenn er einem anderen Menschen begegnet, nie neutral sein. Immer wird er
Verknüpfungen zu bisherigen Erfahrungen herstellen. „Die Frau sieht aus wie
meine Tante“, ist ein Beispiel für eine Übertragung. Als Sigmund Freud um 1895
das erste Mal über die „Übertragung“ spricht, hat er etwas entdeckt, was schon
immer da war – aber nun für die Psychotherapie genutzt werden kann.
Therapie von Scham und Schuld – ein integrativer Ansatz mit
emotionsbezogenem Vorgehen
Authors: Lammers Maren
Published: March 2018

Scham und Schuld sind von fundamentaler Bedeutung für das Menschsein. Viele
psychische Erkrankungen finden ihren Ursprung in Scham und Schuld und/oder
werden dadurch aufrechterhalten. Scham und Schuld zeigen sich auch als
Begleitemotionen in einer Therapie. Dieser Beitrag soll anregen, sich mit diesen
emotionalen Entitäten eingehender zu beschäftigen. Zugleich werden Einblicke in
die Behandlung gewährt.
Verliebtheit in der Psychotherapie
Authors: Moser Tilmann
Published: March 2018

Erfahrungen mit Verliebtheit in der Psychotherapie haben mich fast mein Leben
lang begleitet, sowohl als Patient als auch als Psychoanalytiker, von scheuen
bis kompetenten Erlebnissen für beide Seiten. Das Thema spielte in der
Ausbildung noch keine Rolle, selbst Freud nannte starke Verliebtheit noch eine
Art Krankheit mit mangelnder Zurechnungsfähigkeit des Patienten und hohem
Widerstandspotenzial gegen Konfliktbearbeitung. Aber das sollte nicht so
bleiben.
Fallbericht Angst, Ärger und Selbstzweifel
Authors: Wilms Hans-Ulrich , Foertsch Dörte , Ahlers Christoph Joseph , Grefe Joachim
Published: March 2018

Ein Ergotherapeut leidet unter Angst- und Wutattacken sowie
Insuffizienzerfahrungen. Bereits in seiner Kindheit fühlte er sich sozial
nicht integriert – erst sein Beruf hat das geändert. An seine
Lebenspartnerinnen stellt er allerdings kaum zu erfüllende
Ansprüche.
Ambulante Nephrologie
Authors: Daschner Michael , Grieger Manfred
Published: March 2018

Die ambulante nephrologische Versorgung ist wegen der demografischen Entwicklung ein zukunftsträchtiger Bereich
der Medizin. Neben der Dialysebehandlung steht gerade die Diagnostik und Therapie von Nierenkrankheiten im
Fokus mit dem Ziel der Prävention vor der Dialyse. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nephrologie (DGfN) e. V. und
der Verband Deutsche Nierenzentren (DN) e. V. unterstützen den Prozess, dass junge Kolleginnen und Kollegen
weiter selbstständig und freiberuflich nephrologische Versorgung leisten können.
Nuklearmedizinische Untersuchung verbessert Erfolgskontrolle in der Brustkrebsbehandlung
Authors: Jørgensen Trine
Published: March 2018

Riedl CC, Pinker K, Ulaner GA, Ong LT, Baltzer P, Jochelson MS, McArthur HL, Gönen M, Dickler M, Weber WA. Comparison of FDG-PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT for monitoring therapy response in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; doi: 10.1007/s00259-017-3703-7

Eine PET/CT-Untersuchung kann den Erfolg einer Brustkrebstherapie besser vorhersagen als eine Computertomographie (CT) allein. Dies belegt eine neue Studie mit 145 Patientinnen, die an fortgeschrittenem Brustkrebs litten. Demnach könnte das nuklearmedizinisch-radiologische Kombi-Verfahren den Therapieverlauf bei jeder vierten Brustkrebspatientin beeinflussen.
Mit Bedacht kombinieren
Authors: Holzhauer Peter
Published: March 2018

Zwischen Schul- und Komplementärmedizin kann es zu Wechselwirkungen kommen. Deshalb sollte am Anfang jeder Therapie eine gründliche Anamnese stehen. Wechselwirkungen spielen beispielsweise in der Krebstherapie eine große Rolle, da die Patienten hier auf unterschiedlichen Wegen nach Linderung und Heilung suchen. 80% aller onkologischen Patienten setzten neben klassischen Medikamenten diverse Vitamine, Spurenelemente und andere Naturstoffe ein. Vor einer medikamentösen Tumortherapie gilt es daher, alle parallel eingenommenen Substanzen sowie die Ernährung des Patienten mitzuberücksichtigen.
Mikrobizide und viruzide Aufbereitung von
Dialysegeräten
Authors: von Rheinbaben Friedrich , Riebe Oliver , Köhnlein Johanna , Werner Sebastian
Published: March 2018

Zentrales Bauteil des Genius® 90 Therapie Systems ist der sogenannte
Genius-Tank, dem die frische Dialyseflüssigkeit entnommen und in den die
verbrauchte Lösung nach der Dialyse zurückgeführt wird. Daher kommt der sicheren
Aufbereitung des Systems eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Hierfür wird ein
Aufbereitungsverfahren unter Verwendung von UV-Licht in Kombination mit einem
chemischen Desinfektionsmittel angewendet. Ziel der hier beschriebenen
Untersuchung war es, die Wirkungsbreite und Wirkungstiefe dieses
Aufbereitungsverfahrens unter praxisnahen Phase-3-Bedingungen zu ermitteln. Dazu
wurde das Gerät mit Mikroorganismen und Viren künstlich kontaminiert und die
Wirkung der einzelnen Verfahrensschritte ermittelt. Im Gegensatz zu der üblichen
Vorgehensweise praxisnaher Untersuchungen machen Aufbereitungsverfahren
medizinischer Geräte unter Phase-3-Kriterien meist eine neuartige Arbeitsweise
erforderlich – im Falle der hier vorgestellten Untersuchung sogar die
Konstruktion eines speziellen Geräts zur Platzierung von Keimträgen im
Genius-Tank. Im Ergebnis konnte gezeigt werden, dass bereits UV-Licht allein
sowie in Kombination mit einem chemischen Desinfektionsmittel unter praxisnahen
Bedingungen eine sichere Wirksamkeit gegen Bakterien (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
und bakterielle Sporen (Bacillus subtilis), Schimmelpilze (Aspergillus
brasiliensis) und Viren (Murines Parvovirus) besitzt.
Universal sensor based on the spectroscopy of glow discharge for the detection of traces of atoms or molecules in air
Authors: Atutov S. N. , Galeyev A. E. , Plekhanov A. I. , Yakovlev A. V.
Published: March 2018

A sensitive and versatile sensor for the detection of traces of atoms or molecules in air based on the emission spectroscopy of glow discharge in air has been developed and studied. The advantages of this sensor compared to other well-known methods are that it renders the use of ultrahigh vacuum or cryogenic temperatures superfluous. The sensor is insensitive to the presence of water vapor (for example, in exhaled air) because of the absence of strong water lines in the visible spectral range. It has a high spectral selectivity limited only by Doppler broadening of the emission lines. The high selectivity of the sensor combined with a wide spectral range allows the detection of many toxic impurities, which can be present in air. Moreover, the spectral range used covers almost all biomarkers in exhaled air, making the proposed sensor extremely interesting for medical applications. To our knowledge, the proposed method is the first based on a glow discharge in air.
Sensorless double integral sliding mode MPPT control for the WECS
Authors: Yaylacı Ersagun Kürşat , Yazıcı İrfan
Published: March 2018

In this paper, a double integrator sliding mode controller (DISMC) via the mechanical sensorless maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is suggested to extract maximum power from a wind energy conversion system (WECS). The controller is required to bring the system to the maximum power point reference generated by the MPPT method. However, the controller design for the WECS operated in a wide wind speed range is a challenging task due to its highly nonlinear behavior. In this study, to enhance the performance of the WECS, a voltage mode DISMC, which is not used before for the WECS, is offered. The dynamic performance of the proposed method, considering the different wind speed scenarios, is proved with the simulation studies. Additionally, the performance of the DISMC is compared with that of the conventional sliding mode controller for the same wind speed scenarios.
Solar energy harvesting wireless sensor network nodes: A survey
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Haque Ahteshamul , Jaffery Zainul A.
Published: March 2018

Solar energy harvesting that provides an alternative power source for an energy-constrained wireless sensor network (WSN) node is completely a new idea. Several developed countries like Finland, Mexico, China, and the USA are making research efforts to provide design solutions for challenges in renewable energy harvesting applications. The small size solar panels suitably connected to low-power energy harvester circuits and rechargeable batteries provide a loom to make the WSN nodes completely self-powered with an infinite network lifetime. Recent advancements in renewable energy harvesting technologies have led the researchers and companies to design and innovate novel energy harvesting circuits for traditional battery powered WSNs, such as Texas Instruments Ultra Low Energy Harvester and Power Management IC bq25505 [see https://store.ti.com/BQ25505 for Texas Instruments (TI) Ultra Low Power Boost Charger IC bq25505 with Battery Management and Autonomous Power Multiplexor for Primary Battery in Energy Harvester Applications datasheets (2015).]. In modern days, the increasing demand of smart autonomous sensor nodes in the Internet of Things applications (like temperature monitoring of an industrial plant over the internet, smart home automation, and smart cities) requires a detailed literature survey of state of the art in solar energy harvesting WSN (SEH-WSN) for researchers and design engineers. Therefore, we present an in-depth literature review of Solar cell efficiency, DC-DC power converters, Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithms, solar energy prediction algorithms, microcontrollers, energy storage (battery/supercapacitor), and various design costs for SEH-WSNs. As per our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive literature survey of SEH-WSNs.
Percolative multi-susceptible PVDF/NZFO composite films with triply controlled high dielectric and magnetic properties
Authors: Zhao Wenjia , Gong Jiaqing , Wong Hon Fai , Wang Zongrong , Leung Chi Wah , Ma Ning , Du Piyi
Published: March 2018

Flexible multi-field susceptible films with remarkable properties and high data storage characteristics are promising in modern electronics. In this work, the percolative Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (NZFO)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite films with both high permittivity and significant magnetic properties are prepared by dip coating on ITO/glass substrates. The highest permittivity of 74 is achieved with the NZFO volume ratio close to the percolation threshold, which is 20 times higher than that of pure PVDF. Meanwhile, the dielectric loss is kept below 0.1. The saturation and remanent magnetizations of composite films are 42.04 and 5.70 emu/g and the permeability is ∼3.105, reaching 60%–80% of those in the single phase NZFO. Detailed analysis shows that the high permittivity of the composite film is triply controlled simultaneously by the intrinsic characteristic of the PVDF phase, Kirkpatrick's hybridization model and microcapacitor behavior. It will be of broad interest to control both high dielectric and magnetic properties at the same time of many other flexible and susceptible storage devices.
Symmetry properties of second harmonics generated by antisymmetric Lamb waves
Authors: Zhu Wujun , Xiang Yanxun , Liu Chang-Jun , Deng Mingxi , Xuan Fu-Zhen
Published: March 2018

Symmetry properties of second harmonics generated by antisymmetric primary Lamb waves are systematically studied in this work. In theory, the acoustic field of second harmonic Lamb waves is obtained by using the perturbation approximation and normal modal method, and the energy flux transfer from the primary Lamb waves to second harmonics is mainly explored. Symmetry analyses indicate that either the symmetric or antisymmetric Lamb waves can merely generate the symmetric second harmonics. Finite element simulations are performed on the nonlinear Lamb wave propagation of the antisymmetric A0 mode in the low frequency region. The signals of the second harmonics and the symmetric second harmonic s0 mode are found to be exactly equivalent in the time domain. The relative acoustic nonlinearity parameter A2/A12 oscillates with the propagation distance, and the oscillation amplitude and spatial period are well consistent with the theoretical prediction of the A0-s0 mode pair, which means that only the second harmonic s0 mode is generated by the antisymmetric primary A0 mode. Experiments are further conducted to examine the cumulative generation of symmetric second harmonics for the antisymmetric-symmetric mode pair A3-s6. Results show that A2/A12 increases linearly with the propagation distance, which means that the symmetric second harmonic s6 mode is generated cumulatively by the antisymmetric primary A3 mode. The present investigation systematically corroborates the proposed theory that only symmetric second harmonics can be generated accompanying the propagation of antisymmetric primary Lamb waves in a plate.
Radiative opacities of iron using a difference algebraic converging method at temperatures near solar convection zone
Authors: Fan Zhixiang , Sun Weiguo , Zhang Yi , Fu Jia , Hu Shide , Fan Qunchao
Published: March 2018

An interpolation method named difference algebraic converging method for opacity (DACMo) is proposed to study the opacities and transmissions of metal plasmas. The studies on iron plasmas at temperatures near the solar convection zone show that (1) the DACMo values reproduce most spectral structures and magnitudes of experimental opacities and transmissions. (2) The DACMo can be used to predict unknown opacities at other temperature Te′ and density ρ′ using the opacity constants obtained at (Te, ρ). (3) The DACMo may predict reasonable opacities which may not be available experimentally but the least-squares (LS) method does not. (4) The computational speed of the DACMo is at least 10 times faster than that of the original difference converging method for opacity.
The Spectral Web of stationary plasma equilibria. II. Internal modes
Authors: Goedbloed J. P.
Published: March 2018

The new method of the Spectral Web to calculate the spectrum of waves and instabilities of plasma equilibria with sizeable flows, developed in the preceding Paper I [Goedbloed, Phys. Plasmas 25, 032109 (2018)], is applied to a collection of classical magnetohydrodynamic instabilities operating in cylindrical plasmas with shear flow or rotation. After a review of the basic concepts of the complementary energy giving the solution path and the conjugate path, which together constitute the Spectral Web, the cylindrical model is presented and the spectral equations are derived. The first example concerns the internal kink instabilities of a cylindrical force-free magnetic field of constant α subjected to a parabolic shear flow profile. The old stability diagram and the associated growth rate calculations for static equilibria are replaced by a new intricate stability diagram and associated complex growth rates for the stationary model. The power of the Spectral Web method is demonstrated by showing that the two associated paths in the complex ω-plane nearly automatically guide to the new class of global Alfvén instabilities of the force-free configuration that would have been very hard to predict by other methods. The second example concerns the Rayleigh–Taylor instability of a rotating theta-pinch. The old literature is revisited and shown to suffer from inconsistencies that are remedied. The most global n = 1 instability and a cluster sequence of more local but much more unstable n=2,3,…∞ modes are located on separate solution paths in the hydrodynamic (HD) version of the instability, whereas they merge in the MHD version. The Spectral Web offers visual demonstration of the central position the HD flow continuum and of the MHD Alfvén and slow magneto-sonic continua in the respective spectra by connecting the discrete modes in the complex plane by physically meaningful curves towards the continua. The third example concerns the magneto-rotational instability (MRI) thought to be operating in accretion disks about black holes. The sequence n=1,2,… of unstable MRIs is located on one continuous solution path, but also on infinitely many separate loops (“pancakes”) of the conjugate path with just one MRI on each of them. For narrow accretion disks, those sequences are connected with the slow magneto-sonic continuum, which is far away though from the marginal stability transition. In this case, the Spectral Web method is the first to effectively incorporate the MRIs into the general MHD spectral theory of equilibria with background flows. Together, the three examples provide compelling evidence of the computational power of the Spectral Web Method.
Effect of different catalyst preparation methods on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes with the flame pyrolysis method
Authors: Guo Yonghong , Zhai Gang , Ru Yu , Wu Chuyu , Jia Xiaowei , Sun Yaping , Yu Jiawen , Kang Zhizhong , Sun Baomin
Published: March 2018

The Flame pyrolysis method used to synthesize carbon nanotubes was studied in this work. In order to improve the quality of synthesized carbon nanotubes, it is important to change the corresponding natures of the catalyst. Two catalyst preparation methods, namely, the sol-gel method and the impregnation method, were compared in this experiment. The properties of the catalyst are analyzed in depth by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature program reduction (TPR). The generation of carbon nanotubes was systematically analysed through scanning electron microscope (SEM), molecule dynamics (MD), raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the catalysts prepared by the impregnation method are stickier, dispersed and easier to dip onto the probe or substrate, which is beneficial for the large-scale production of carbon tubes. The specific surface area of alumina is larger and the iron and molybdenum oxide are more evenly dispersed on the surface of alumina. The carbon nanotubes produced by the catalysts prepared by impregnation method are flatter and have less impurities. The ratio of ID/IG+ is 29.7% lower than that of the sol-gel method in the Raman spectra. The TEM statistics show that the average diameter of the carbon tubes decreases by 23.3%. Therefore, the impregnation method can improve the quality of carbon nanotubes in the case of a similar degree of difficulty in the preparation of the catalyst.
Infrared metamaterial by RF magnetron sputtered ZnO/Al:ZnO multilayers
Authors: Santiago Kevin C. , Mundle Rajeh , White Curtis , Bahoura Messaoud , Pradhan Aswini K.
Published: March 2018

Hyperbolic metamaterials create artificial anisotropy using metallic wires suspended in dielectric media or alternating layers of a metal and dielectric (Type I or Type II). In this study we fabricated ZnO/Al:ZnO (AZO) multilayers by the RF magnetron sputtering deposition technique. Our fabricated multilayers satisfy the requirements for a type II hyperbolic metamaterial. The optical response of individual AZO and ZnO films, as well as the multilayered film were investigated via UV-vis-IR transmittance and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The optical response of the multilayered system is calculated using the nonlocal-corrected Effective Medium Approximation (EMA). The spectroscopic ellipsometry data of the multilayered system was modeled using a uniaxial material model and EMA model. Both theoretical and experimental studies validate the fabricated multilayers undergo a hyperbolic transition at a wavelength of 2.2 μm. To our knowledge this is the first AZO/ZnO type II hyperbolic metamaterial system fabricated by magnetron sputtering deposition method.
Textured insoles reduce vertical loading rate and increase subjective plantar sensation in overground running
Authors: Wilkinson Michael , Ewen Alistair , Caplan Nicholas , O'leary David , Smith Neil , Stoneham Richard , Saxby Lee
Published: March 2018

The effect of textured insoles on kinetics and kinematics of overground running was assessed. 16 male injury‐free‐recreational runners attended a single visit (age 23 ± 5 yrs; stature 1.78 ± 0.06 m; mass 72.6 ± 9.2 kg). Overground 15‐m runs were completed in flat, canvas plimsolls both with and without textured insoles at self‐selected velocity on an indoor track in an order that was balanced among participants. Average vertical loading rate and peak vertical force (Fpeak) were captured by force platforms. Video footage was digitised for sagittal plane hip, knee and ankle angles at foot strike and mid stance. Velocity, stride rate and length and contact and flight time were determined. Subjectively rated plantar sensation was recorded by visual scale. 95% confidence intervals estimated mean differences. Smallest worthwhile change in loading rate was defined as standardised reduction of 0.54 from a previous comparison of injured versus non‐injured runners. Loading rate decreased (−25 to −9.3 BW s−1; 60% likely beneficial reduction) and plantar sensation was increased (46–58 mm) with the insole. Fpeak (−0.1 to 0.14 BW) and velocity (−0.02 to 0.06 m s−1) were similar. Stride length, flight and contact time were lower (−0.13 to −0.01 m; −0.02 to−0.01 s; −0.016 to −0.006 s) and stride rate was higher (0.01–0.07 steps s−1) with insoles. Textured insoles elicited an acute, meaningful decrease in vertical loading rate in short distance, overground running and were associated with subjectively increased plantar sensation. Reduced vertical loading rate could be explained by altered stride characteristics.
Potential benefits of dietary nitrate ingestion in healthy and clinical populations: A brief review
Authors: McDonagh Sinead T. J. , Wylie Lee J. , Thompson Christopher , Vanhatalo Anni , Jones Andrew M.
Published: March 2018

This article provides an overview of the current literature relating to the efficacy of dietary nitrate (NO3−) ingestion in altering aspects of cardiovascular and metabolic health and exercise capacity in healthy and diseased individuals. The consumption of NO3−‐rich vegetables, such as spinach and beetroot, have been variously shown to promote nitric oxide bioavailability, reduce systemic blood pressure, enhance tissue blood flow, modulate muscle O2 utilisation and improve exercise tolerance both in normoxia and in hypoxia, as is commonly observed in a number of disease states. NO3− ingestion may, therefore, act as a natural means for augmenting performance and attenuating complications associated with limited O2 availability or transport, hypertension and the metabolic syndrome. Recent studies indicate that dietary NO3− might also augment intrinsic skeletal muscle contractility and improve the speed and power of muscle contraction. Moreover, several investigations suggest that NO3− supplementation may improve aspects of cognitive performance both at rest and during exercise. Collectively, these observations position NO3− as more than a putative ergogenic aid and suggest that increasing natural dietary NO3− intake may act as a prophylactic in countering the predations of senescence and certain cardiovascular‐metabolic diseases.