bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Microstructure of Semi-Solid 6061 Alloy with Method of Alternating Electromagnetic Stirring
Authors: Liu Wen , Chen Jun Long , Ma Xiao Li , Ding Xu
Published: February 2011

The semi-solid 6061 alloy was obtained with method of alternating electromagnetic stirring. The results show that compared with horizontal, vertical and spiral magnetic stirring method, alternating magnetic stirring could make eligible slurry with finer, more equiaxed and more homogeneous primary α particles in much shorter time. The microstructure evolution during isothermal treatment is studied and it is shown that the average particle diameter increases with the increase of isothermal holding time and the shape coefficient decreases somewhat at first, and then decreases sharply in the end.
Effect of Deformation Temperation on Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior for High-Carbon Steel
Authors: Ren An Chao , Ji Yu , Zhou Gui Feng , Yuan Ze Xi
Published: February 2011

Isothermal constant strain rate compression tests on high-carbon steel are carried out under deformation temperation of 850°C, 950°C, 1050°C、1150°C and 1250°C respectively and deformation of 0.7 using the THERMECMASTOR-Z thermal simulator at a strain rate of 1s-1. The austenite grain morphology before and after deformation and the true stress-strain curves during the deformation process are analyzed. The experimental results show that increased deformation temperation can obviously contribute to the grain refinement. And under the same strain rate conditions, as the deformation temperation rises, peak stress will move toward the opposite direction of strain increment，thus the dynamic recrystallization is apt to occur.
Microstructure and Properties of Cu-Cr Alloys Prepared by a Shortened Process and a Conventional Process
Authors: Xia Cheng Dong , Wang Ming Pu , Xu Gen Ying , Zhang Wan , Jia Yan Lin , Yu Hong Chun
Published: February 2011

The microstructure and properties of Cu-0.4wt%Cr alloys prepared by a shortened process and a conventional process were investigated by means of optical microscopy (OM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), hardness testing and electrical conductivity measurement. After online hot rolling- quenching and cold rolling with 60% reduction and then aging at 450°C for 30min (process A), and solution treatment - cold rolling with 60% reduction - aging 450°C for 60min (process B), good properties combination of the alloys are obtained, and the hardness and electrical conductivity reach to 156HV, 86.4%IACS and 169HV, 81.1%IACS, respectively, and the shortened process (A) is suitable for commercial copper strip production. Plenty of fine and dispersed precipitates are responsible for the hardness and electrical conductivity improvement of the alloys. The difference of properties between process A and B is resulting form the difference of effective precipitates volume fraction under the various processes.
Subassembly-Centered Product Assemblability Analysis Method
Authors: Lv Bei Sheng
Published: February 2011

An assemblability evaluation system of products including parts and subassemblies was presented. The necessity about assemblability evaluation for subassemblies was discussed. A subassembly-centered product assemblability analysis method was proposed. The two-step assemblability analysis flow including process step and entire step about subassembly was designed, which can analyze structure of subassembly when it was assembled and fitted on product. A web-based prototype system of subassembly-centered product assimilability evaluation which supports multi-sited collaborative design was developed with Java/JSP, which integrated with the platform of collaborative assembly planning and collaborative assembly simulation. Finally, an example was used to validate reasonability of subassembly assemblability analysis method and the effectiveness of the evaluation system.
Dynamic Modeling of Planar Flexible Multi-Link Manipulators with Accounting for both Link Foreshortening and Link Material Damping
Authors: Zhang Jin Fu
Published: February 2011

In order to investigate dynamic performance of flexible multi-link manipulators more exactly, establishing the dynamic model with accounting for link foreshortening and link material damping is needed. In this paper, a new dynamic model for planar flexible multi-link manipulators is established by using Lagrange approach. Both link foreshortening and link material damping are accounted for in this model. As a case simulation, this model is applied to a planar flexible two-link manipulator with a tip mass, and the motion responses of the manipulator are obtained using Gear method.
Effect of Cu/In Ratio on Properties of CuInS2 Films Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Method
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Wang Hua , Xu Ji Wen , Yang Ling , Ren Ming Fang
Published: February 2011

CuInS2 thin films were prepared on heated glass substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. Structure, surface morphology and properties of films with different Cu/In ratios have been investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that as-prepared CuInS2 thin films with chalcopyrite structure have a preferential orientation along the (112) direction. SEM study shows films are relatively dense and smooth, but the much bigger grains and the large coherent agglomerates appear in films (Cu/In>1.25) due to the appearance of phase Cu2S. CuInS2 thin film (Cu/In=1.25) has a strong visible absorption and its energy band gap comes up to 1.45eV.
Non-Linear Characters of Rotor System with Crack and Rub-Impact Coupling Faults
Authors: Liu Ying Hui , Liu Shu Lin , Tang You Fu , Jiang Rui Hong
Published: February 2011

Considering unsteady oil-film force and nonlinear rub-impact force, a dynamic model of crack and rub-impact coupling faults rotor system is developed. Based on the model mentioned, some parameters such as crack depth, eccentricity, as well as a combination parameter which consists of lubricating oil viscosity, rotor weight, bearing clearance and wide-diameter ratio are taken to be considered. According to the bifurcation diagram, the fractal dimension of poincare map and also the trajectory of the shaft center, the complex nonlinear dynamic behaviors are obtained, which may bring up theoretical references for fault diagnosis.
Evaluation of HMA with Coal Gangue Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Yang Li Ying , Tan Yi Qiu , Liu Hao , Dong Yu Ming
Published: February 2011

Coal gangue is the waste of coal mining. It is discharged and stacked all around the mine and the dust pollution has become a public hazard. This paper commits an investigation on the asphalt mixture which takes advantage of coal gangue as coarse aggregate. The physical-mechanical performances of coal gangue aggregate are presented and the result indicates that coal gangue aggregate can meet the specifications except the content of the Flat and Elongate particles (F&E content). By controlling the rational content of F&E in the mixture, different types of asphalt mixes with different percentage of coal gangue coarse aggregate are tested and the overall performance of asphalt mixture is investigated. The result testifies that the asphalt mixture containing coal gangue has the equivalent performance with limestone mixture. It is observed that the coal gangue used as coarse aggregate can guarantee the properties of HMA. Thus the HMA can be used in asphalt pavement.
Simulation Analysis of the Stacker Column Based on High-Speed & High-Acceleration
Authors: Sun Jun , Li Jing , Ou Dao Jiang , Li Yong Xu
Published: February 2011

After moving at high-speed & high-acceleration, the stacker column top’s deflection and vibration problem is of increasingly significance and must be solved. In this paper, through the establishment of stacker column mathematical model, the deflection and amplitude of column top are calculated and analyzed. After establishing a horizontal moving speed curve, the paper analyzes the changing status of column top’s deflection and amplitude utilizing Matlab. Finally, the paper determines using the control scheme based on this horizontal moving speed curve.
The Theory and Synthesis of High Effect Flywheel with Variable Equivalent Mass Moment of Inertia
Authors: Bao Er , Hu Hong Ying , Liu De Yong
Published: February 2011

To reduce the angular velocity fluctuation of the input shaft to a machine, we deduced that a machine under the combined action of the inertia and the load may keep running smoothly if the equivalent kinetic energy (EKE) of the machine is constant during its operation. Furthermore, we introduced a novel type of flywheels with variable equivalent mass moment of inertia (VEMMoI) and without fixed connection with the input shaft to the machine. The kinetic energy fluctuation of the flywheel is used to dynamically decrease the EKE fluctuation of the original machine, thereby realizing smooth machine operation. Three types of flywheels with VEMMoI driven by a two-link dyad, a pair of noncircular gears and a planet cam respectively were designed as examples. The velocity fluctuation of the machine is significantly reduced. In the second and the third examples, in particular, the input shaft may rotate at a constant rate, since its angular velocity fluctuation is eliminated completely in principle.
Dynamic Simulation and Analysis of Parallel Indexing Cam Mechanism Based on ADAMS
Authors: Ge Zheng Hao , Liu Wei Hua , Huang Wei , Qu Yi
Published: February 2011

On the basis of the CAD/CAM design system of parallel indexing cam mechanism which is developed successfully based on VC environment, use it to generate precise profile data, then create the three-dimensional model of the parallel indexing cam and assemble it with other parts under the Pro/E environment. At last, the model is transformed into ADAMS through interface Mechanism/Pro, then its virtual prototype is built and the dynamic simulation is conducted. Then makes an intensive analysis according to the result of simulation, collects accurate test data by simulating the physical prototype, so as to achieve the goal of improving the comprehensive properties of the parallel indexing cam mechanism.
Accurate Calculation on Bending Stress of the Tooth Root of the Involute Cylindrical Gear
Authors: Zheng Peng , Tang Le , Jiang Zhan Li
Published: February 2011

A gear’s finite-element model has been set up according to the parameter functions of the involute and tooth root curve, single and double tooth meshing region have been obtained according to the results of contact analysis. A tooth root’s bending stress has been calculated when meshing in the ultimate position in single tooth meshing region, and this stress has been contrasted with the results of a classical method as the maximum of a circle. The results of theoretical method were far away from that of finite-element calculation before being modified and were a little larger than the later after being modified. Reasons leading to this difference have been analyzed.
Computerized Design and FE Simulation of Meshing of Involute Spiral Bevel Gears with Alignment Errors
Authors: Wang Ben , Hua Lin
Published: February 2011

Influence of alignment errors on the meshing of involute spiral bevel gears using FEM is investigated in this paper. 3D geometrical models of involute spiral bevel gear drive are computationally designed and the reliable non-linear finite element contact models are also developed. Furthermore, based on the valid 3D FE models, simulations of meshing of loaded spiral bevel gears with four types of alignment errors are performed. The influence of four types of alignment errors on contact stress, transmission error and shift of path of contact has been discussed in detail. The results demonstrate that the alignment errors have different degrees of adverse effects on the load-carrying capacity and the smoothness of transmission. Therefore, the study provides useful reference for the modification design and the assembling of spiral bevel gears in practice.
Analysis of Automatic Welding Finned Tube Hydraulic System Based on Automation Studio
Authors: Sun Yue Hua , Li Hong Tao , Liu Chun Sheng
Published: February 2011

This article use Automation Studio simulation software to make analysis on rib tube welding machine hydraulic system.Briefly introduces the software, theoretically analye welding machine hydraulic system, using software to make a detailed analysis on push (pull) acting hydraulic cylinder to push and pull two movements operation By analyzing the stable running speed, equal in size and opposite in direction which is consistent with reality step process.
Preparation of Pd/Ag Film on Porous Ceramic Tube by Osmosis Pressure–Assisted Electroless Plating
Authors: Jiang Bo Quan , Zhang Jiang Nan , Liu Yu De , Zou Jian Guo
Published: February 2011

The osmosis pressure was introduced to improve the conventional electroless plating process for preparing porous ceramic supported Pd/Ag inorganic composite membrane. The effects of temperature (t), molar ratio of hydrazine to total metal ions(y), molar ratio of silver ions to palladium ions(x), concentrations of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sucrose solution on the metal deposition rate, silver content in alloy film, surface morphology of film and permeation properties of the membrane were investigated and their optimal conditions were determined to be: [MET]=5mM, x = 20%, y = 1, [EDTA] = 40g•L-1, t = 40 °C, pH =11 and sucrose solution concentration of 6 M. Under these optimal conditions, the prepared Pd/Ag alloy film with thickness of 7.9 μm demonstrated good permeation properties with nitrogen free and hydrogen permeation rate of 8.8×10-3m3•m-2•s-1at 0.3 MPa and 473 K.
A Study on Measuring Method for 3D Motion of Balls in High-Speed Ball Bearings
Authors: Gao Xiang , Zhang Chen Yang
Published: February 2011

In order to simply and accurately measure the realistic motion of balls in a ball bearing, a method called the static oblique coordinates is proposed to measure the 3D motion of balls in an angular contact ball bearing. This measuring method utilizes Hall elements as the sensors which are assembled on the side of outer race and cage of the ball bearing with magnetized balls. The voltage signals of the Hall sensors are collected online and applied to calculate and analyze the variation of magnetic axis of the magnetized ball, from which the 3D motion of the balls can be calculated. The basic principles and experiment method of the measuring method are illustrated. This method has simple structure without damaging the bearing, by which the bearing’s real motion can be studied consequently with a high precision. The magnetization and magnetic pole detection methods in this study effectively solved the problem of magnetized balls’ magnetism un-uniformity which causes the measure signal chaos.
The Actualities and Development of Fatigue Reliability Design Methods of Pressure Vessels
Authors: Hu Guang Zhong , Zhang Liang Dong , Liu Zhong Bin , Liu Kang
Published: February 2011

Petrochemical pressure vessel equipment develops to be large-scale and super large-scale under extreme working conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, which puts forward new demands for the reliability of the pressure vessel. The present paper discusses the fatigue design theory of pressure vessels and analyzes the fatigue design methods of ASME, BS5500 and JB4732. Pressure vessel loads absorbed (pressure, temperature, earthquake, wind, snow, etc.) have significant stochastic dynamic characteristics and coupling characteristics. The random load of the current design is simplified, with a large safety factor in exchange for equipment safety. However, it is difficult to guarantee the rationality and accuracy of the result. With the development of data acquisition, processing and finite element technology, it is inevitable to be based on measured load spectrum and consider the coupling of the random loads to work out fatigue reliability design methods of pressure vessels.
Iteration Algorithm for Propagation of Mixed Uncertainties in Reliability Analysis
Authors: Zhou Chang Cong , Lu Zhen Zhou , Wang Qi
Published: February 2011

For structural reliability problems simultaneously involving random variables, interval variables and fuzzy variables, an iteration algorithm is proposed to deal with the propagation of uncertainties. Corresponding to assumed membership value in the membership level interval [0,1], the membership interval of fuzzy variables can be obtained. After the fuzzy variables and the interval variables’ effects on the extreme value of performance function are alternately and iteratively analyzed with the random variables’ effects on statistical properties of the performance function, converged design point can be calculated, and the reliability can be as well calculated by the fourth moment algorithm based on the point estimate method. Finally the membership function of the reliability can be solved. Owing to the faster convergence of the iteration algorithm, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is highly improved compared to the conventional numerical simulation method. And the adoption of fourth moment method proves much better in accuracy than only applying first order reliability method in the iteration algorithm. After the basic concept and process of the proposed algorithm is detailed, several numerical and engineering examples are studied to demonstrate its advantage both in efficiency and accuracy.
Finite Element Analysis of High-Pressure Common-Rail Injector Body
Authors: Liu Ju Yan , He Zhi Xia , Wang Qian , Huang Yun Long
Published: February 2011

The high pressure common rail injection System is one of the most advanced technologies for the diesel engine to reduce fuel consumption exhaust emissions. While the design of the high pressure common rail injector is the key for the whole system. Considering that the working pressure of fuel in the injector, a more accurate injector body model was established with the modeling software Pro/Engineer in this study. Finite element analysis technology in Ansys software was applied to calculate the strength of injector body of the high pressure common rail system under different injection pressures. And then the rationality of structure parameters and material selection of the injector body can be analyzed and verified. The research conclusions can provide the theoretical basis for the optimization design of the injector.
Preparation and Tribological Behaviors of Porous UHMWPE Using as Artificial Cartilage
Authors: Wu Gang , Zhao Chun Hua , Qin Hong Ling , Zhao Xin Ze
Published: February 2011

Porous ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) materials have been developed by Hot Press molding technique in this investigation. The tribological behaviors of porous UHMWPE with different initial NaCl content were studied. The worn surfaces of UHMWPE and porous UHMWPE samples were examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was found that the porous structure improved the wear resistance of porous UHMWPE with the proper initial NaCl content under water lubrication condition. The minimal wear loss was about 10.6mg in the case of the UHMWPE filled by 50% initial NaCl content, 43% less than that of pure UHMWPE sample.
A Finite Element Cavitation Algorithm Using Free Mesh for Mechanical Face Seal
Authors: Li Jing Hao , Liu Xiang Feng , Huang Wei Feng , Wang Yu Ming
Published: February 2011

A finite element cavitation algorithm to Reynolds equation is presented for the calculation of the flow field in the film between the faces of the mechanical seal. As using free mesh, the algorithm is particularly useful for the computational domain which shape is complex. The JFO boundary condition which satisfies mass conservation is implemented by introducing Kumar and Booker’s algorithm. A non-traditional finite element method is derived to avoid the process of the functional analysis and can obtain the flow rate on boundaries conveniently. The results show that the algorithm is reliable, effective and correspond to the literature results. Moreover, the algorithm can be also used for the sliding bearings lubrication problem which shows the well adaptability.
Dynamic Analyzing the Vibro-Impact System with Time-Varying Mass
Authors: Zhu Yan , Wang Shu Lin , Zhu Shi Shun
Published: February 2011

To effectively model and analyze the vibro-impact system with time-varying mass, we considered the discontinuous impacts as a continuous effect of stiffness and viscous damping acting on the system and studied the dynamic performance based on the theory of bifurcation and chaos. It is demonstrated that the system will experience a process of from period-one motion to chaos and again back to period-one motion when the system transit the resonance. Our results may find applications in impact vibrations coupled with dispersive matter.
Hollow Effect Induced by Vibration in Cross-Harbor Tunnel
Authors: Wang Hai Liang , Wang Zhi Shen , Bao Ru Cang , Li Shao Xian
Published: February 2011

The article was based upon analysis of the front-and-back surface vibration velocity of the working surface by monitoring the blasting operation at hidden digging section of Jiaozhou Bay cross-harbour tunnel in Tuandao road exit ramp. Research shows that the maxim-um value of the surface blasting vibration velocity appears on the front and back of the ground ,raging from 2 m to 7 m ,just above the working surface instead of the ground just above of the working surface. However, the surface vibration velocity generates behind the working surface was 1.2 to 1.4 times greater than the one generates at the front of the working surface. The front-and-back surface vibration velocity tends to be flattening on the ground which was more than 20 m away from the working surface, just above it.
Study on Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery Based on Lyapunov Dimension
Authors: Wang Bing Cheng , Ren Zhao Hui , Wen Bang Chun
Published: February 2011

Based on the study and analysis that Lyapunov exponent can be used to characterize the motion state of system, in connection with the nonlinear dynamic characteristics shown from the performance of fault rotating mechanical system, the authors proposed the analysis method of Lyapunov dimension on the signal feature of mechanical fault. Using theory of phase space reconstruction, simulating fault signal of rotating machine was reconstructed. In order to let the phase space reconstruction adequately reflect the movement characteristics of the system, the time delay and embedding dimension are discussed emphatically. Based on what mentioned above, the authors calculated the Lyapunov exponent and the Lyapunov dimension. From the analysis and calculation on simulation of different fault signals, it showed that under different rotating machinery fault conditions, its Lyapunov dimension were significantly different, which verified that this nonlinear feature quantities were effective parameters for fault information and they were excellent parameters in terms of extraction and recognition of fault features.
Rolling Element Bearing Fault Detection Using Redundant Second Generation Wavelet Packet Transform
Authors: Li Ning , Zhou Rui
Published: February 2011

Wavelet transform has been widely used for the vibration signal based rolling element bearing fault detection. However, the problem of aliasing inhering in discrete wavelet transform restricts its further application in this field. To overcome this deficiency, a novel fault detection method for roll element bearing using redundant second generation wavelet packet transform (RSGWPT) is proposed. Because of the absence of the downsampling and upsampling operations in the redundant wavelet transform, the aliasing in each subband signal is alleviated. Consequently, the signal in each subband can be characterized by the extracted features more effectively. The proposed method is applied to analyze the vibration signal measured from a faulty bearing. Testing results confirm that the proposed method is effective in extracting weak fault feature from a complex background.
Technical Economic Analysis of Remanufacturing of Large-Scale Food Processing Equipments
Authors: Li De Yuan , Li Wei
Published: February 2011

Remanufacturing of food processing equipments not only follows the demand of transforming economic growth mode, but also has great significance to China sustainable development that needs less investment and gets higher benefit. The remanufacturing approach of large-scale food processing equipments is analyzed in design requirements, including hygiene requirements, energy consumption requirements, reliability requirements and man - machine integration requirements. Then, technical and economic analysis of the remanufacturing is carried out through establishing the profit objective function: Whole life cycle profits Ez= R(multiple life cycle revenue)- C(whole life cycle cost). According to economic evaluation of life cycle and multi-life-cycle, remanufacturing of LEF can get best enterprise benefits and enhance the competitive power of enterprises.
Risks and Risk Management in Chinese Iron and Steel Enterprises
Authors: Zhang Jian Ling
Published: February 2011

Growing concern in China has arisen about risks and risk management. China's iron and steel industry has been of primary importance in Chinese national economy. Studies on risks and risk management in Chinese iron and steel enterprises are rare, however. A model of risk sources based on resource ecological economics and eco-industry theory is built up, and the risk factors are analyzed in this paper. Measures contain a circular and dynamic risk management process model, a risk management integration model, and creating a risk management culture, which will help seize potential risk opportunities, take precautions against risks and mitigate risk losses. The enterprises’ performance would benefit from the new ERM process model and measures.
Molding and Optimization of Workflow Based on Stochastic Timed Petri Nets in Customized Supply Chain Management
Authors: Xu Wen Jie , Yao Jin
Published: February 2011

Customized Supply Chain Management (CSCM) has been made much account of attention in Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FSM). Products are customized by customer’s special needs at stochastic time. Then Manufacturing Oriented to Customization (MOC) would inevitably be faced by those enterprises that had to meet the changeable and complex needs of customers. However, there were large quantities of difficulties would appear in MOC supply chains, such as information overload, technology and resource constraints. All of these problems made it hard to quickly and effectively respond to customers’ needs. Therefore, we need to find a new way to deal effectively with the problems about how to respond quickly to supply chains oriented to customization. Petri Nets have been extensively used for modeling and simulating of the dynamics of flexible manufacturing systems. However, Petri Nets have not been very popular for molding of workflow in CSCM environmental. In this paper Stochastic Timed Petri Nets (STPN) were used to solve the above problems. The enterprises’ workflow was analyzed, and then the STPN model was constructed according to the characteristics of its internal supply chain. In order to minimize total tardiness time of workflow, the structure of STPN was optimized in a proper way. The results suggest that the STPN approach is also valid to minimize due date of each transition in CSCM and responses to customized needs more quickly than before.
A Form Generation System Based on Design Thinking Patterns
Authors: Chang Teng Wen , Tseng Sei Wo Winger
Published: February 2011

Generative design system is a complex system that often focus on the technical and complex details thus away from building a system from the product designer’s thinking patterns. In addition, by focusing on the mechanism, the system is hard to construct and difficult to use for practical situation. Horizontal/vertical design thinking patterns are often used in product design practice, thus how designers make decision affect the generation reasoning. With the cognitive design researches on design thinking patterns, two research stages (experiment and implementation) are conducted and policy/generation rules are discovered during the experiment with 30 5-year design experts as focus group. An experimental system called thinking pattern-based generation system, a.l.a. ThinkGen is developed for testing the hypothesis.
Fault-Tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor
Authors: Liao Ping , Ma Su Yang , Mao Jing Feng , Wu Guo Qing , Jiang An Dong
Published: February 2011

The principle and characteristics of Fault-tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor are introduced. The design or computational method of the polar distance of concentrated winding coil, the armature parameters, the armature winding parameters, the coil diameter, the distance from the adjacent armature windings are given. The magnetic thrust equation is derived, and the core issues are analyzed. It provided theoretical basis for structural optimization of the Fault-tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor.
Group Decision Making of Naval Ship Principal Dimensions Based on PSO Algorithm
Authors: Hou Yuan Hang , Huang Sheng , Hu Yu Long , Meng Xiang Yin , Wang Wen Quan , Wang Chao
Published: February 2011

The selection of naval ship principal dimensions based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was presented. Firstly, at the foundation of single-scheme decision making method using weighted distance to ensure the consistency, a new multiple-scheme group decision making method was proposed. Secondly, experts’ opinions were judged and adjusted by PSO, in order to keep the initial preference of the individual. Thirdly, the new method is introduced to group decision making of naval ship principal dimensions. Through determining the attributes and their weights, a series of schemes are generated by uniform design, then numbers of experts were invited to make a rational evaluation for deriving the final result, its consistency is better than the one derived without restriction of weighted distance. This new decision making method offers an effective and efficient way to determine the naval ship principal dimensions with high reality and reliability.
Study on Measurement Method of Spark Energy for Automotive Engine
Authors: Liu Xing Hua , Wang Dao Jing , Liu Fu Shui
Published: February 2011

Spark energy is one of the most important parameters for SI engine, so it need be controlled effectively. Two modes of spark energy measurement were introduced in this paper: simulation load and direction measurement. 4 kinds of simulation load can be found: spherical discharger, three-pole discharger, Zener discharger and Zener string discharger, each has its own character. Zener string was chosen for it suited to electronic-controlled automotive engine. 2 kinds of direction measurement were introduced: attemperator, voltage and current sensor, the later was adopted for it can be realized easily and its precision characteristic. The test results show that the spark energy can be measured quantitatively and effectively in both modes; and the calculated spark energy of simulation load is larger than direction measurement for its less loss at the ignition circuit.
A Closed-Form Approach for Optimum Tolerance Allocation of Assemblies with General Tolerance-Cost Function
Authors: Cheng Kuo Ming , Tsai Jhy Cherng
Published: February 2011

Tolerancing is one of the most crucial foundations for industry development and an index of product quality and cost. As tolerance allocation is based on manufacturing costs, this paper proposes a comprehensive method for optimal tolerance allocation with minimum manufacturing cost subject to constraints on dimensional chains and machining capabilities. The general reciprocal power and exponential cost-tolerance models with equality constraints as well as the worst-case and statistical tolerancings are employed in this method. A closed-form solution for the optimization problem by applying Lagrange multipliers is derived. The optimal tolerance allocation problem for reciprocal exponential cost-tolerance model by introducing Lambert W function is demonstrated. For constrained minimization problems with only equality constraints, the optimum design can be obtained by solving simultaneous equations without differentiating. An example is illustrated to demonstrate this approach. The result also shows that tolerance can be allocated economically and accurately using this method. The contribution of this paper is to solve the optimal tolerancing allocation problem by an efficient and robust method with simultaneous active constraints.
Improved Genetic Algorithms Based Optimal Design of The Shuangji River Aqueduct
Authors: Bai Xin Li , Yu Wei , Wang Dan Fei , Fan Yuan Yuan
Published: February 2011

The simple genetic algorithm (SGA) is taken as the global search method, and the traditional direct search method for mixed-discrete variables as the local search method. The improved (hybrid) genetic algorithm (IGA) is obtained by improving the SGA. And through the introduction of penalty constraints, the problem dealing with the constraints in GA is successfully resolved. A mathematical model for structural optimization of aqueduct is established, and computer software is developed for structural optimization of large-scale aqueduct based on IGA. Using this program, the Shuangji River aqueduct is optimized and Rectangle-sectioned aqueduct design plan is obtained. Compared with the original design plan, optimal design is very economical and was adopted by Design Institute.
Influence of Non-Technical Factors on the Construction of Tunnels
Authors: Ma Jian Qin
Published: February 2011

Several groups of people, representing owner, contractor, designer and consultant, and supervisor of a proposed tunnel, are involved in tunnel construction. As a complex and extra long tunnel is constructed in a tight time schedule, the influence of non-technical factors on the construction of the tunnel is generally much significant. Friendly and effective cooperation between the involved groups are vital to a successful tunnel project. In this paper, we examine the impact of non-technical factors in tunnel construction, in terms of the working procedure of the involved groups in China. The non-technical problems encountered in tunnel construction may be coped with by following a well planned quality controlling cooperation pattern. The improved education of tunnel engineers, in terms of both technical and ethical thoughts, can help to bridge and smooth the interests of the involved groups and technological know-how.
Formulation of Dextromethorphan Oral Disintegrating Tablet Using Ion Exchange Resin
Authors: Samprasit Wipada , Opanasopit Praneet , Akkaramongkolporn Prasert , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait , Wongsermsin Kaewnapa , Panomsuk Suwannee
Published: February 2011

The purpose of this research was to mask the bitter taste of dextromethorphan hydrobromide using a cationic ion exchange resin, Amberlite® IRP-69, to formulate oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs). The drug was loaded (resinate) were prepared in drug to resin ratio of 1:1 and 1:2. The resinate or physically mixed with the resin (physical mixture) was incorporated into ODTs by direct compression. The formula was developed to acquire the optimal formulations of taste masked ODTs, hardness and mouth feel and disintegration time. The ODTs were further evaluated for weight, friability, disintegration time, drug content, degree of bitter taste and drug release, respectively. The weight and friability of the tablet with resinate were not significantly different from those with physical mixture. The tablet with resinate had a lower tablet hardness due to drug loading might be reduced compressibility. The addition of Avicel®PH102 could be increased tablet hardness. Both ODTs with resinate and physical mixture provided a sustained pattern of drug release. However, only ODTs with resinate successfully masked bitter taste of the drug. In conclusion, the loaded drug in ion exchange resin as resinate could increase the palatability and acceptability of ODTs containing bitter drugs.
Re-Creation Process Model of Conceptual Design
Authors: Miao Hong Bin
Published: February 2011

Conceptual design is the premise of the detail design and could fully embody the human’s creativity, so it has become the core step for the new product’s development. In order to improve the creativity of conceptual design, the re-creation process model for the intelligent conceptual design is presented in this paper based on function-behavior-structure model. This model expanded the problem’s solution space by degrading the space of behavior and granularity, and describing the behavior space using the more basic behavior. At last, an example is given to prove that it is easy to obtain the novel and creative design scheme applying the method presented in this paper.
Study on Technology of Noncircular NC Turning Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control
Authors: Cao Hui , Li Shuang Yue , Yao Xiao Peng
Published: February 2011

In this paper, new technology of noncircular turning was presented, a voice coil motor-driven fasting tool servo system was established. A dual stage actuator mechanism was designed for the variable rake angle tool in noncircular turning process. The kinematics of mechanism was analyzed. An active disturbance rejection control technique was applied in mechanism control. The tool feeding and the workpiece rotation synchronized by using time-base method of PMAC and achieved the noncircular auto turning. The result shows that it can improve the precision and efficiency of noncircular turning based on active disturbance rejection control.
Research on New Hybrid Active Power Filter
Authors: Peng Jing Jie , Fan Xiao Ping , Li Gang
Published: February 2011

A new hybrid active power filter (NHAPF) and its corresponding controlling method are proposed in the paper, which can be applied in high voltage system. The topology structure of NHAPF is given and its compensating principle is described. The corresponding controlling method is a power direct control, which need not the lower pass filter and improve the performance of detecting precision and velocity. Simulating results show that the feasibility and validity of the compensated system. Harmonic currents and reactive power are compensated well.
A New Roller Conveyor Driven by Linear Motor
Authors: Zhao Hong Sheng , Wu Yun Zhen
Published: February 2011

To solve technical problems of current roller conveyor, such as big volume, complex structure and heavy maintenance workload, a new roller conveyor has been researched by adopting advanced technology of three-phase A.C linear motor. It has no intermediate transmission units that exist in the conventional roller conveyor, and is a new form structure of the conveyor. The device consists mainly of rollers and linear motors. The roller serves as driving and load-bearing mechanism, and as the rotor of linear motor, too. In the process of operation, with rollers served as the carriers, the friction force between rollers and objects transmits the motion consummately to achieve the goal of transportation. This new conveyor can completely replace the current various types of roller conveyor with such features as simple structure, low failure rate and cost.
Three Dimensional Parametric Design of the Die Channel for Plastic Extrusion Based on SolidWorks
Authors: Gao Hui , Chen Zai Liang , Zhang Xin
Published: February 2011

Most die channels for plastic extrusion are always designed in traditional method,which will have many problems or by virtue of experience or inefficient.In this paper,parameterized feature modeling is realized by the development of solidworks 2008 based on VB(Visual Basic),and API(Application Programming Interface)provided by solidworks.Finally integrate the second development application program into solidworks by the way of add-in to achieve an embedded design system.The application examples verified that the design system can achieve prearranged development goals,namely simplifying designing procedure,greatly reduce the design time and improve the efficiency.
Automated Visual Inspection of Surface Defects on Hot-Rolled Plate
Authors: Song Qiang
Published: February 2011

This paper is concerned with the problem of automatic inspection of hot-rolled plate surface using machine vision. An automated visual inspection (AVI) system has been developed to take images of external hot-rolled plate surfaces and the detailed characteristics of the sensor system which include the illumination and digital camera are described. An intelligent surface defect detection paradigm based on morphology is proposed to detect structural defects on plate surfaces. The proposed method has been implemented and tested on a number of hot-rolled plate surfaces. The results suggest that the method can provide an accurate identification to the defects and can be developed into a commercial visual inspection system.
Operational and Control Decision Making in Aluminium Smelters
Authors: Gao Ya Shuang , Taylor Mark P. , Chen John J.J. , Hautus Michael J.
Published: February 2011

In aluminium smelters, the operational staffs constantly face decision making situations for operation and process control and these decisions can have significant impact on the process. The smelting process involves highly complex mechanisms and has rich information but low observability. In this environment, without support tools, systematic information management, or robust control models, decision making is challenging. This paper discusses different types of decision making processes and demonstrates that naturalistic decision making models (Recognition-Primed Decision Making, ie RPD) are more suitable to describe the situations in smelters. A model which combines an advanced control model, a system and human interactive approach and the thinking process in RPD is proposed to improve the quality of decisions for the operational staffs in smelters, hence the efficiency and productivity of the process.
DEWMA Control Chart for the Coefficient of Variation
Authors: Hong Eui Pyo , Kang Hae Woon , Kang Chang Wook
Published: February 2011

When the production run is short and process parameters change frequently, it is difficult to monitor the process using traditional control charts. In such a case, the coefficient of variation (CV) is very useful for monitoring the process variability. The CV control chart, however, is not sensitive at small shift in the magnitude of CV. The CV-EWMA (exponentially weighted moving average) control chart which was developed recently is effective in detecting a small shifts of CV. In this paper, we propose the CV-DEWMA control chart, combining the DEWMA (double exponentially weighted moving average) technique. We show that CV-DEWMA control chart perform better than CV-EWMA control chart in detecting small shifts when sample size n is larger than 5.
Theoretical Analysis and Experiment on Slag Detection System Based on Eddy Current Effect in Continuous Casting
Authors: Huo Shou Feng , Cheng Shu Sen , Song Xiao Peng
Published: February 2011

A new method for slag detection in continuous casting is discussed, which is based on eddy current effect. New system is simulated using finite element method; also experiment is done to verification the feasibility of slag detection. It is demonstrated that the new system is convenient installation and maintenance with higher resolution.
Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Properties of Cu-Co-Based Alloys Matrix
Authors: Lu Yang , Dong Hong Feng , Li Wen Sheng
Published: February 2011

Cu–Co–based alloys are the new generation of metal matrix for diamonds by powder metallurgy processed cutting tools. These alloys are created with the purpose of reducing the cobalt content in diamond tools. Cu-Co-based alloys matrix were fabricated using a hot pressing process at the temperature of 710°C , 750°С and 790°С by 15 MPa. Structures formed during sintering were studied by XRD and WDS. Micro-structural aspects were observed by EPMA. Densification, hardness, yield strength and compressive yield strength were performed. The results showed as follows: Cu-Co-based alloy matrix is composed by gray pre-alloyed particles, Cu-Sn binary solid solution, copper-rich phase and interface between particles and matrix; The higher sintering temperature, the more dendrite phase, in addition, the diffusion of carbon occurs; the holding force from matrix to particles becomes larger and the distribution of particles becomes more uniform; As the sintering temperature increased, the mechanical properties of Cu-Co-based alloy matrix enhanced.
Trajectory Tracking of Omni-Directional Wheeled Opera Robot Based on Wavelet
Authors: Liu Peng Yu , He Yong Yi , Li Jun , Meng Qing Yun , Guo Shuai
Published: February 2011

As the perfect fusion of intelligent robotics and China's classic culture, Opera robots, two omni-directional wheeled robots were made in my research centre. They can smoothly fight with each other just as Opera actors. A novel trajectory tracking method based on robotic dynamics model and wavelet sampling theorem for Opera robot is proposed in this paper. The formula for calculating torque of each driving motor when the robot moves along spline curves is studied in detail. By experiment, the robot can be derived smoothly to track predetermined trajectory.
Study on Adaptive Fuzzy-PID Grouting Pressure Stabilization Control System
Authors: Wei Chen , Meng Xu
Published: February 2011

To solve the self-control problem of grouting pressure stabilization in grouting engineering, a grouting pressure stabilization control system based on adaptive Fuzzy-PID control was studied. Grouting pressure was dynamically measured and controlled by this system with sensor technology, microcomputer technology and control technology, the interface between the sensor and the host computer was designed. Based on 80C196 chip microcomputer，KP，KI and KD of PID control are automatically adjusted by fuzzy control rule，and electric control valve was controlled to keep grouting pressure precise and stable by adaptive Fuzzy-PID Control. Simulation experiments results show that: the system is able to adapt to changes of object parameter, and achieves the desired targets with good control quality, high accuracy and fine stability.
Underwater Intrusion Surveillance System Based on Underwater Sensor Networks: Architecture, System Design and Research Challenge
Authors: Zheng Jun Jie , Liu Zhi Hua , Yin Lu , Ye Song , Wang Yang
Published: February 2011

Submarine is a kind of effective underwater weapon and with the development of technology,the noise level is almost equal to ambient ocean noise and making them difficult to be detected by sonar.In this paper,the shortcomings of existing architecture for underwater sensor networks are analyzed and a new architecture for underwater intrusion surveillance based on underwater sensor networks is designed and the research challenge is introduced.
The Optimal Design on Connection Order of Network in Hydraulic Manifold Block
Authors: Zhang Jun Jun , Wang Ji Sheng , Wang Jiang Yong , Liu Gang , Wang Jie
Published: February 2011

As one of the important questions in the design of hydraulic manifold block — connection order of network, give a solution based on genetic algorithm. Genetic algorithm is the common effective intelligent optimal algorithm and suitable for solving a large combinatorial optimal problems. Gene encoding of ordinal representation, single-point crossover strategy and adaptive mutation strategy are used in the design of genetic manipulation.