bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building Automated Pharmacometrics Analysis Workflows in R with NMsim
Authors: Grinshpun Boris , Delff Philip
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The new R package NMsim [1] provides the capability to perform NONMEM simulations directly from R, without need of model reimplementation. This functionality allows a pharmacometrics simulation to be performed without having to transcribe and validate models using different software platforms and modeling syntax. As a result, efficient automated workflows can be developed to perform simulation-based analyses and visualize key results. Simulation runs may be executed in parallel on a computing grid. The objectives are to create automated simulation workflows for use in pharmacometrics.• Analyze covariate effects: Multiple simulations are performed with parameter uncertainty using NMsim and visualized as a forest plot using the coveffectsplot package [2].• Visual predictive check: Estimation datasets are reused for simulation using NMsim and VPC plots are produced via the tidyvpc R package [3].Methods: Forest plot:• 500 simulations of a NONMEM model with parameter uncertainty were executed from R using NMsim.• Outputs from all runs were collected in an R data table, summarized, and visualized as a forest plot using coveffectsplot.Visual predictive check:• Estimation data was reused to perform 500 VPC simulations of a NONMEM model in R.• The resulting outputs were visualized using tidyvpc.Results: Two use cases of NMsim – simulation of parameter uncertainty and VPCs – are presented, showing how it can be seamlessly integrated with other R packages to automate simulation-based pharmacometrics analyses. Examples of code, table outputs, and visualizations are presented to illustrate how automated workflows can easily be built and implemented in a single R script without the need of any reimplementation or modification of the NONMEM model. The workflows are also available in the vignettes section of the NMsim R package and can hopefully serve as useful examples for modelers who wish to streamline their analyses.Conclusions: By combining the simulation capabilities of NMsim with other pharmacometrics packages in R, it is possible to build automated analysis pipelines with minimal code. We hope these examples will aid pharmacometricians in producing quick, clean, and efficient simulation workflows, and reduce coding burden.Citations: [1] Delff P (2024). NMsim: Seamless 'Nonmem' Simulation Platform. R package version 0.1.0, https://philipdelff.github.io/NMsim/[2] Marier J-F, Teuscher N, Mouksassi M-S. Evaluation of covariate effects using forest plots andintroduction to the coveffectsplot R package. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2022; 11:1283-1293. doi:10.1002/psp4.12829[3] Barriere O, Rich B, Craig J, Mouksassi S (2024). tidyvpc: VPC Percentiles and Prediction Intervals.R package version 1.5.1, https://github.com/certara/tidyvpc
Frequency of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco and Its Impact on In Hospital Outcomes of Patient Less Than 45 Years of Age with ACS
Authors: Sumaira Fareed Khan  , Abiha Urooj  , Muhammad Younis  , Saher Ali  , Kainat  , Rajesh Khumar
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study has been designed to determine frequency of smoking and smokeless tobacco and its impact on in-hospital MACE among acute coronary syndrome patients of age less than 45 years managed at public sector hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed in Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi from 1st January 2024 to 30th July 2024. Patients of both the gender of age at least 18-45 years and presenting with ACS were studied. Patients were followed till their discharge or in-hospital mortality to record final outcome. Results: Total 172 patients were studied with mean age of 40.5 ± 4.8 years. Majority of participants were males (89%). Most of the patients were smokers (39.5%) while some were consuming smokeless tobacco (12.2%) and few were using both (3.5%). Smoking was higher in males (100% versus 0%) whereas smokeless tobacco consumption was higher in females (38.1% versus 61.9%). Among smokers, STEMI (60.3%) was more prevalent followed by nSTEMI (23.5%) and unstable angina (16.2%). In smokeless tobacco users, unstable angina (61.9%) was more common followed by nSTEMI (28.6%) and STEMI (9.5%). Multiple level disease was more common in smokers (66.2%) while among smokeless tobacco users single level was common (66.7%). Education and comorbidity was significantly different. Conclusion: The present study found that STEMI and multi-level vessel disease was common in smokers whereas in consumers of smokeless tobacco, unstable angina and single-level disease was frequent. No differences were found in terms of mortality among smokers, consumers of smokeless tobacco and those who were not smoking.
LITHOLOGICAL AND PETROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF JURASSIC DEPOSITS IN THE BARSAKELMES TROUGH (USTYURT, UZBEKISTAN)
Authors: Jalilov Gafur Ganievich , Akhmedova Dilfuza Azamatovna , Ganieva Laylo Gafurkizi
Published: February 2025

Data on the petrophysical characteristics of the Jurassic deposits of the Barsakelmes depression of the Ustyurt region, the features of their geological structure and possible oil and gas potential are presented. The analysis of the main geological factors is aimed at laboratory studies of the core material of the exploration well No. 1-p in the Razlomnaya area, with the aim of obtaining a holistic petrophysical picture of the open cut of the well for further optimal exploration and increasing its efficiency.
COMPARISON BETWEEN DOPPLER ULTRASOUND AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
Authors: Sehar Alina , Ashraf Ramsha , Fatima Maria , Akhtar Urwa , Saeed Fariha , Sibtain Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Background: Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a significant circulatory disorder affecting blood flow outside the heart and brain, often leading to serious complications such as ischemia and limb loss. Doppler ultrasound (DUS) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) are widely used imaging modalities for diagnosing PVD, each with distinct advantages. While DUS provides real-time hemodynamic assessment, CTA offers detailed anatomical visualization, particularly in cases of complex vascular pathology. The effectiveness of these imaging techniques varies across different age groups, necessitating a comparative analysis to optimize diagnostic strategies.
Objective: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of DUS and CTA in detecting PVD across different age groups, evaluating their respective advantages and limitations in relation to patient demographics and vascular pathology.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 participants categorized into pediatric, adult, and elderly groups. Patients presenting with symptoms of PVD underwent both DUS and CTA for vascular assessment. Stratified random sampling ensured a balanced representation across age groups. Clinical data, imaging findings, and demographic variables were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20, applying descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and group comparisons to determine associations between age and diagnostic outcomes. A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Elderly patients accounted for 42% of the sample, adults 30%, and pediatric patients 28%. DUS detected stenosis or occlusion in 58% of cases, while CTA confirmed these findings in all but 2%. Peripheral pulse abnormalities were observed in 74% of participants, with absent pulses in 40% and reduced pulses in 34%. Calcifications were noted in 54% of cases, significantly affecting DUS accuracy. CTA provided superior imaging in complex cases, particularly in elderly patients with advanced atherosclerosis (p = 0.004). DUS was preferred in pediatric patients due to its non-invasive nature, whereas CTA was indispensable for preoperative planning and cases requiring precise vascular mapping.
Conclusion: DUS remains a valuable first-line diagnostic tool for PVD, offering a safe and cost-effective approach for functional vascular assessment. However, CTA provides unparalleled anatomical detail, making it essential for evaluating complex vascular conditions and guiding surgical interventions. A complementary approach integrating both modalities enhances diagnostic accuracy and improves patient outcomes.
FREQUENCY OF LOSS OF RADIAL PULSE IN PATIENT UNDERGOING CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Gaad Ahsan Ali , Chawla Anjli , Ali Asif , Ilyas Muhammad Ahmed , Wasay Abdul , Samad Abdul
Published: February 2025

Background: Coronary angiography via the transradial approach is widely preferred due to its lower risk of bleeding and improved patient comfort. However, vascular complications such as radial artery occlusion and transient or permanent loss of radial pulse remain concerns. These complications can compromise future vascular access and impact procedural success. Understanding the frequency, risk factors, and recovery patterns of radial pulse loss post-procedure is essential for optimizing patient management and refining procedural protocols to enhance safety and long-term arterial patency.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency of radial pulse loss following coronary angiography, assess its temporal recovery, and evaluate associated patient and procedural factors.
Methods: A prospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi. A total of 890 patients aged 18 to 70 years undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via the radial approach were enrolled. Patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), prior radial access, or peripheral arterial disease were excluded. Radial pulse was assessed at multiple time points using palpation and Doppler ultrasound. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0, with statistical tests applied to evaluate associations between patient characteristics, procedural variables, and pulse loss incidence.
Results: The mean patient age was 54.79 ± 9.14 years, with 70.22% being male. Hypertension (59.78%), diabetes mellitus (31.35%), and smoking history (34.27%) were common comorbidities. Immediately post-procedure, radial pulse loss occurred in 9.21% of patients. By 12 hours, pulse was restored in 89.10%, increasing to 93.93% at 24 hours, 848 (95.28%) at discharge and 97.64% at follow-up. Doppler flow confirmed recovery in 92.81% at baseline, 91.80% at 12 hours, 96.07% at 24 hours, 849 (95.39%) at discharge and 97.75% at follow-up.
Conclusion: Radial pulse loss following coronary angiography was initially observed in a significant proportion of patients but showed substantial recovery over time. Early identification, standardized hemostasis protocols, and improved monitoring strategies are crucial to minimizing vascular complications and ensuring long-term arterial patency.
Reversing Chronic Disease through Functional Medicine: Acknowledging Privilege and Seeking Justice
Authors: Vega Rosalynn A.
Published: February 2025

This piece is based on twenty-eight months of digital-auto-ethnographic research. While my research methods included traditional ethnographic research in face-to-face settings and digital ethnography, my personal experience is also embedded in the work. In this piece, you will find “interludes” that provide glimpses into my healing journey. When writing in this autoethnographic register, I provide “thick descriptions” (Geertz 3) of how I experienced illness and recovery. By including my own story, I am acknowledging that the observed and the observer are inextricably intertwined. All ethnography is relational. Ethnographic data results from a trusting relationship between ethnographer and participant. Furthermore, in autoethnography, the researcher turns the ethnographic lens upon themselves. I expand the potential purposes for conducting ethnography to include personal healing and recovery. These “interludes” demonstrate what is at stake for patients of functional medicine; add (auto)ethnographic texture; and preface my arguments about nested ecologies, the social microbiome, privilege, and health and food justice.
Autonomiczna wymiana informacji jako ograniczenie konkurencji ze względu na cel Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości w sprawie instytucji kredytowych w Portugali (C-298/22)
Authors: Dobosz Kamil
Published: February 2025

Glosowana sprawa dotyczy wymiany informacji dokonywanej przez lata zasadniczo przez wszystkie liczące się instytucje kredytowe. W przeciwieństwie do innych przypadków związanych z wymianą informacji, tym razem jej charakter był autonomiczny i dlatego nie służył ani nie ułatwiał innego głównego antymonopolowego czynu, który byłby praktyką uzgodnioną czy porozumieniem. Sednem było ustalenie czy zaledwie wymiana informacji może urastać do miana zakazanej. Podobnie jak w przypadku naruszenia ze względu na skutek pogłębiona analiza zogniskowana wokół jego skutków wydaje się być oczywista, tak Trybunał Sprawiedliwości musiał zdecydować czy może to być nawet naruszenie ze względu na cel. Kryteria tej oceny są szczególnie wartościowe z całego orzeczenia i nasuwają wątpliwości co do rozgraniczenia tych dwóch typów ograniczeń. Co więcej, dodatkowa uwaga była poświęcona pojęciu „informacji strategicznej”, który może być mylący lub co najmniej daleki od precyzyjności z powodów wskazanych w artykule.
Up There de Wael Kadour et la mise en scène de l’expérience perdue
Authors: Potenza Daniela , Kadour Wael
Published: February 2025

Dans sa dernière pièce, Up There (2022), le dramaturge syrien Wael Kadour s’interroge sur ce qui aurait pu se produire dans sa vie artistique, mais qui n’a pourtant pas eu lieu. Kadour élabore ainsi une conscience individuelle et subjective du non-passé, une temporalité négative qui se développe tout au long du processus de création de la pièce, depuis son idéation au cours de la crise sanitaire de 2020 jusqu’à sa première en décembre 2022. Cette prise de conscience émane d’un retour dans le temps, entre 1991 et 2022, accompagné du regard d’Henrik Ibsen sur la société.
Nueva lectura a la producción cerámica de inspiración china en la Real Fábrica de Loza y Porcelana de Alcora
Authors: Zeng Tian , García Conejos Maxim
Published: February 2025

En 1735, el ceramista Joseph Olérys volvía de Marsella para trabajar nuevamente en la Real Fábrica de Loza de Alcora. Con el ímpetu de renovar el léxico ornamental de las vajillas, impuso en la cadena de producción de la manufactura una de las series decorativas más exitosas en su historia: la “china”, conocida popularmente como chinescos. Este artículo se ocupa de los motivos más representativos de dicho género en la producción de la fábrica. Como trabajo pendiente en los estudios dedicados a Alcora, tratamos de buscar el origen y significado de ellos teniendo en cuenta la porcelana y cultura chinas. Se incluyen además algunos comentarios sobre la adaptación del chinesco en el campo de la azulejería que, gracias a la localización de varios azulejos y fragmentos inéditos, se ha renovado el conocimiento acerca esta decoración dentro de la manufactura condal.
Manuel Monleón y la serie "Los siete pecados capitales": un estilo propio entre Segrelles y Renau
Authors: Torres Sastrús Vega
Published: February 2025

Manuel Monleón Burgos fue uno de los creadores del “arte comprometido” en la Valencia de los años treinta. El presente artículo aborda la trayectoria de este artista hasta la Guerra Civil mediante un estudio basado en las fuentes, con el objetivo de ampliar, contrastar y confirmar la todavía escasa información que se tiene del autor. Además, se analizan sus particularidades estilísticas y referentes visuales a partir de la serie Los siete pecados capitales, publicada en la revista Estudios, en 1936. A través de los fotomontajes que la componen se advierte un lenguaje plástico que abarca desde el realismo combativo de Josep Renau, John Heartfield o los artistas soviéticos, hasta un surrealismo onírico inspirado en José Segrelles, encontrándose en un punto medio en el que la denuncia social se expresa a través de símbolos y composiciones complejas. 
Manuel Monleón Burgos was one of the creators of "committed art" in Valencia in the 1930s. This article examines the artist's career up to the Spanish Civil War through a source-based study, with the aim of expanding, contrasting and confirming the still scarce information available on the artist. It also analyses his stylistic particularities and visual references based on the series Los siete pecados capitales ("The Seven Deadly Sins"), published in the magazine Estudios in 1936. The photomontages that this series comprises reveal a visual language that ranges from the combative realism of Josep Renau, John Heartfield and the Soviet artists to a dreamlike surrealism inspired by José Segrelles, finding a compromise in which social critique is expressed through symbols and complex compositions.
Shaping Minds, Shifting Perspectives: Investigating the Evolution of Preservice Teachers' Attitudes Towards Children's Literature
Authors: Doepker Gina M , Consalvo Annamary L
Published: February 2025

Abstract This study followed 44 undergraduate preservice teachers’ (PSTs’) evolving attitudes towards children’s literature in a required course. Initially, numerous PSTs exhibited negative attitudes toward certain genres which often stemmed from negative experiences during their K-12 education. However, the results indicate that through deliberate and strategic exposure, the PST’s attitudes evolved towards a greater appreciation and openness to incorporating a diverse range of children’s literature, in various genres, into their teaching. This points to the necessity for teacher preparation instructors to remediate PSTs’ earlier negative experiences with children's literature while nurturing their shifting attitudes through positive exposure to the different genres.
 
Resumen Este estudio siguió la evolución de las actitudes de 44 estudiantes de magisterio hacia la literatura infantil en un curso obligatorio. Inicialmente, numerosos estudiantes mostraban actitudes negativas hacia ciertos géneros, a menudo debido a experiencias negativas durante su educación K-12 (Primaria). Sin embargo, los resultados indican que, a través de una exposición deliberada y estratégica, las actitudes de los estudiantes evolucionaron hacia una mayor apreciación y apertura para incorporar una gama diversa de literatura infantil, en varios géneros, en su enseñanza. Esto subraya la necesidad de que los instructores de preparación de maestros remedien las experiencias negativas previas de los estudiantes con la literatura infantil mientras fomentan sus actitudes cambiantes mediante una exposición positiva a los diferentes géneros.
 
Resum Aquest estudi va seguir l'evolució de les actituds de 44 estudiants del grau de Magisteri cap a la literatura infantil en un curs obligatori. Inicialment, nombrosos estudiants mostraven actituds negatives envers certs gèneres, sovint a causa d'experiències negatives durant la seva educació K-12 (Primària). No obstant això, els resultats indiquen que, mitjançant una exposició deliberada i estratègica, les actituds dels estudiants van evolucionar cap a una major apreciació i obertura per incorporar una àmplia gamma de literatura infantil, en diversos gèneres, en la seua docència. Això subratlla la necessitat que els instructors de preparació de mestres subsanen les experiències negatives prèvies dels estudiants amb la literatura infantil mentre fomenten les seues actituds canviants a través d'una exposició positiva als diferents gèneres.
Hospital Ambulance Standardization in Jakarta: Narrative Review
Authors:   Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia, Suranta Roy Michael , Gani Ascobat ,   Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

Ambulance is one of the hospital infrastructures that must meet service standards, security, and occupational safety and health in hospital operations. Therefore, it is the obligation of every hospital to ensure the standard of ambulance service. In the DKI Jakarta area, every ambulance, including hospital ambulances, must meet the standards in accordance with regulations and have an ambulance operating license. Based on data until the end of 2021, there were 82 (34.9%) hospital ambulances in Jakarta that carried out the recommendation process for an ambulance operation license from a total of 235 hospital ambulances, meaning that most hospital ambulances in Jakarta did not meet service standards. DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation number 120 of 2016 concerning Ambulance Services and Hearse is a reference for hospitals in Jakarta in order to meet ambulance service standards. In conclusion, there are 3 (three) standards that must be met in standardizing hospital ambulance services in Jakarta, namely standardization of vehicle units, standardization of equipment and standardization of human resources.
Streaming by the Rest of Us
Authors: Consalvo Mia , Lajeunesse Marc , Zanescu Andrei
Published: February 2025

An in-depth investigation of the Twitch streamers who make up the largest population on the platform: those streaming to small audiences or even no one.

The vast majority of people who stream themselves playing videogames online do so with few or no viewers. In Streaming by the Rest of Us, Mia Consalvo, Marc Lajeunesse, and Andrei Zanescu investigate who they are, why they do so, and why this form of leisure activity is important to understand.Unlike the esports athletes and streaming superstars who receive the lion's share of journalistic and academic attention, microstreamers are not in it for the money and barely have an audience. In this, the first book dedicated to the latter group, the authors gather interviews from dozens of microstreamers from 2017 to 2019 to discuss their lives, struggles, hopes, and goals.

For readers interested in livestreaming, and Twitch in particular, the book rethinks the medium's history through accounts of the everyday uses of webcams, with particular attention to notions of liveness and authenticity. These two concepts have become calling cards for the videogame livestreaming platform and underlie streamer motivations, the construction of their practices (whether casual, serious, or anywhere in between), and the complex “metas” that take shape over time. The book also looks at the authors' own practices of livestreaming, focusing on what can be gained through experiencing the lived reality of the practice. Finally, the authors explain how Twitch's platform (studied from 2017–2023) informs how streamers structure their every day and how corporate ideologies bleed into real-world spaces like TwitchCon.
Avian-specific Salmonella transition to endemicity is accompanied by localized resistome and mobilome interaction
Authors: Jia Chenghao , Huang Chenghu , Zhou Haiyang , Zhou Xiao , Wang Zining , Siddique Abubakar , Kang Xiamei , Cao Qianzhe , Huang Yingying , He Fang , Li Yan , Yue Min
Published: February 2025

Bacterial regional demonstration after global dissemination is an essential pathway for selecting distinct finesses. However, the evolution of the resistome during the transition to endemicity remains unaddressed. Using the most comprehensive whole-genome sequencing dataset of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Gallinarum (
S
. Gallinarum) collected from 15 countries, including 45 newly recovered samples from two related local regions, we established the relationship among avian-specific pathogen genetic profiles and localization patterns. Initially, we revealed the international transmission and evolutionary history of
S
. Gallinarum to recent endemicity through phylogenetic analysis conducted using a spatiotemporal Bayesian framework. Our findings indicate that the independent acquisition of the resistome via the mobilome, primarily through plasmids and transposons shapes a unique antimicrobial resistance profile among different lineages. Notably, the mobilome-resistome combination among distinct lineages exhibits a geographical-specific manner, further supporting a localized endemic mobilome-driven process. Collectively, this study elucidates resistome adaptation in the endemic transition of an avian-specific pathogen, likely driven by the localized farming style, and provides valuable insights for targeted interventions.
An adaptable, reusable, and light implant for chronic Neuropixels probes
Authors: Bimbard Célian , Takács Flóra , Catarino Joana A , Fabre Julie MJ , Gupta Sukriti , Lenzi Stephen C , Melin Maxwell D , O'Neill Nathanael , Orsolic Ivana , Robacha Magdalena , Street James S , Gomes Teixeira José M , Townsend Simon , van Beest Enny H , Zhang Arthur M , Churchland Anne K , Duan Chunyu A , Harris Kenneth D , Kullmann Dimitri Michael , Lignani Gabriele , Mainen Zachary F , Margrie Troy W , Rochefort Nathalie L , Wikenheiser Andrew , Carandini Matteo , Coen Philip
Published: February 2025

Electrophysiology has proven invaluable to record neural activity, and the development of Neuropixels probes dramatically increased the number of recorded neurons. These probes are often implanted acutely, but acute recordings cannot be performed in freely moving animals and the recorded neurons cannot be tracked across days. To study key behaviors such as navigation, learning, and memory formation, the probes must be implanted chronically. An ideal chronic implant should (1) allow stable recordings of neurons for weeks; (2) allow reuse of the probes after explantation; (3) be light enough for use in mice. Here, we present the ‘Apollo Implant’, an open-source and editable device that meets these criteria and accommodates up to two Neuropixels 1.0 or 2.0 probes. The implant comprises a ‘payload’ module which is attached to the probe and is recoverable, and a ‘docking’ module which is cemented to the skull. The design is adjustable, making it easy to change the distance between probes, the angle of insertion, and the depth of insertion. We tested the implant across eight labs in head-fixed mice, freely moving mice, and freely moving rats. The number of neurons recorded across days was stable, even after repeated implantations of the same probe. The Apollo implant provides an inexpensive, lightweight, and flexible solution for reusable chronic Neuropixels recordings.
Principle Component Analysis (PCA) of Wheat Genotypes Concerning Morphological Responses to Heat Stress
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Chauhan Anjana , Pant Ankit , Gupta Prerna
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted at Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University in Dehradun, India, with three replications using the Randomized Block Design (RBD) pattern to assess morphological responses to stress conditions in eight wheat genotypes (PBW-550, PBW-343, PBW-292, RAJ-3765, HD-2967, HD-3086, and NABI MG {BLACK WHEAT}. Wheat genotypes were subjected to Principle Component Analysis (PCA) during the investigation. The 1st principal component accounted for 47.2689% of the total variance (PC1). The second main component (PC2) contributed 24.6007% of the total variance. The 3rd main component was responsible for 16.3402% of the overall variance (PC3). The fourth main component accounted for 8.3215 percent of the total variance (PC4). The ratio between the four major components to overall variance was 96.5311%. In the principal component, FLA had the largest positive component loading (0.294), followed by PH (0.038). There are six variables with the largest negative connection with this component: PL (-0.117), NPT (-0.319), DTH (-0.469), DTF (-0.477), DTM (-0.479), and GY (-0.346). The genotypes utilized in the study exhibit significantly different morphological responses. For breeders who additionally aspire to create variation, this is important, and it is a beneficial approach to use such genotypes as genitors in breeding studies.
Evaluation of Alpha-amylase and Alpha-glucosidase Activities of Brahmi Nei: An In-vitro Study
Authors: S Shalini , N Rakshana , R Menaka
Published: February 2025

α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes break down carbohydrates, leading to spikes in postprandial glucose levels in diabetic patients. Suppression of these enzyme activities helps regulate blood glucose levels and lower the risk of diabetes complications. Brahmi together with Ghee helps to regulate postprandial hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients. In this study, Brahmi Nei (BN) evaluated their ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities in-vitro. The ability of BN to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities was measured by the Spectrophotometric method, which involves measuring the changes in light absorption to quantify the enzyme inhibition. BN exhibited α-glucosidase with a maximum inhibition of about 53.56±0.55% and α-amylase exhibited about 49.80±0.84% then corresponding IC 50 values of α-glucosidase and α-amylase are 421.67 μg/mL and 482.87μg/mL. This study shows that the Siddha medicine Brahmi Nei (BN) can inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities in in-vitro, suggesting its potential anti-diabetic properties.
Base—base interactions in nucleic acids containing A—T base pairs
Authors: Rajagopalan Malini , Gupta Goutam , Sasisekharan V.
Published: July 2002

The Watson—Crick type of base pairing is considered to be mandatory for the formation of duplex DNA. However, conformational calculations carried out in our laboratory, have shown that some combinations of backbone torsion angles and sugar pucker lead to duplexes with Hoogsteen type of base pairing also. Here we present the results of energy calculations performed on A—T containing doublet sequences in the D‐form with both Hoogsteen and Watson—Crick type of base pairing and the 3 viable models for the A—T containing polynucleotide duplex poly[d(A—T)].
Biochemical basis for glyphosate‐tolerance in a bacterium and a plant tissue culture
Authors: Amrhein Nikolaus , Johänning Detlef , Schab Joachim , Schulz Arno
Published: July 2002

The broad spectrum herbicide glyphosate (N‐[phosphonomethyl]‐glycine) is an inhibitor of the shikimate pathway enzyme 5‐enolpyruvylshikimic acid‐3‐phosphate (EPSP)‐synthase of both bacterial and higher plant origin. Aerobacter aerogenes, as well as cultured cells of the higher plant Corydalis sempervirens, adapted to growth in the presence of up to 10 mM glyphosate, exhibited a 10–30‐fold increase in their EPSP‐synthase activity, and excreted (A. aerogenes) or accumulated (C. sempervirens) massive amounts of shikimic acid‐3‐phosphate and/or shikimic acid.
Islet‐activating protein, pertussis toxin, inhibits Ca2+‐induced and guanine nucleotide‐dependent releases of histamine and arachidonic acid from rat mast cells
Authors: Nakamura Tsutomu , Ui Michio
Published: July 2002

Islet‐activating protein
Guanine nucleotide‐binding protein
Ca2+

Histamine secretion
Arachidonic acid
Demonstration and partial purification of lactoperoxidase from human colostrum
Authors: Langbakk Bodil , Flatmark Torgeir
Published: July 2002

Lactoperoxidase
Human colostrum
Protein A‐Sepharose
Myeloperoxidase
Eosinophile peroxidase
The complete amino acid sequence of Escherichia coli 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate 3‐phosphate synthase
Authors: Duncan Kenneth , Lewendon Ann , Coggins John R.
Published: July 2002

The amino acid sequence of the enzyme 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate 3‐phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase) from Escherichia coli has been determined using a combined strategy involving among acid and nucleotide sequencing techniques. The complete polypeptide chain consists of 427 amino acids and has a calculated M
r of 46 112.
Periplasmic location of p‐cresol methylhydroxylase in Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Hopper David J. , Jones Michael R. , Causer Michael J.
Published: July 2002

The cellular location of the flavocytochrome c, p‐cresol methylhydroxylase was investigated in two strains of Pseudomonas putida. In both cases the enzymes were shown to be located in the periplasmic fraction by their release during treatment of the bacteria with EDTA and lysozyme in a solution containing a high concentration of sucrose. For strain NCIB 9869 the finding is in accord with the suggestion that the physiological acceptor for the enyme is azurin as this too was shown to be located mostly in the periplasm.
Immunological characterization of microtubule‐associated proteins specific for the immature brain
Authors: Couchie D. , Nunez J.
Published: July 2002

Immunoblotting analysis was used to detect the microtubule‐associated proteins present at different stages of rat brain development. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the two main adult brain microtubule‐associated proteins: MAP‐2 (300 kDa) and TAU (60–70 kDa). Whatever the stage of development, anti‐MAP‐2 serum detected high molecular mass proteins and at immature stages a protein of 62 kDa. This protein which has previously been referred to as ‘young TAU slow’ is, therefore, immunologically related to MAP‐2. The anti‐TAU serum (but not the anti‐MAP‐2 serum) detected at immature stages of development a 48 kDa protein which also disappears at adulthood. This 48 kDa entity which has been referred to as ‘young TAU fast’ is progressively replaced by the closely spaced bands (60–70 kDa) of adult TAU proteins. The 62 and 48 kDa proteins appear therefore to be immunologically distinct and represent two microtubule‐associated proteins specific to the immature brain.
Increased level of calcitonin mRNA after 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 injection in the rat
Authors: Segond N. , Legendre B. , Tahri E.H. , Besnard P. , Jullienne A. , Moukhtar M.S. , Garel J.-M.
Published: July 2002

Vitamin D metabolites are able to change plasma calcitonin (CT) levels, but nothing is known about a possible effect at the CT gene level. Here we have investigated the acute effects of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25‐(OH)2D3 on the CT biosynthetic activity of thyroid glands from adult rats. Plasma CT levels were significantly increased (× 2) 1 and 2 h after 1,25‐(OH)2D3 injection in the face of unchanged plasma calcium values. The thyroidal CT content also was unchanged. A 2‐fold increase in CT mRNA level measured by dot‐blot hybridization occurred 1 and 2 h after 1,25‐(OH)2D3 administration. Expression of CT gene products was examined in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell‐free translation assay. After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, specific immunoprecipitates were autoradiographed and quantified by integration. A single precursor of Mr
≊ 15000 could be specifically immunoprecipitated with CT antisera. A 3–4‐fold rise in translatable CT mRNA activity was observed 1 and 2 h after 1,25‐(OH)2D3 injection. Thus, parallel changes in CT mRNA level, CT mRNA activity and plasma CT levels were observed in adult female rats after administration of 1,25‐(OH)2D3. These findings demonstrate for the first time that 1,25‐(OH)2D3 enhanced CT gene expression in the face of unchanged plasma calcium levels.
Comparison of tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins by membrane fractions from mouse liver, ehrlich ascites tumor and MH134 hepatoma
Authors: Usui Hirofumi , Yoshikawa Kazunori , Imazu Michinori , Tsukamoto Haruhisa , Takeda Masao
Published: July 2002

When membrane fractions from mouse liver. Ehrlich ascites tumor and MH 134 hepatoma were incubated with [γ‐32]ATP at O°C in the presence of MnCly ZnCl; and NaV03, proteins were phosphorylated on tyrosines to a larger extent in liver membranes than in tumor membranes. Separation of labelled proteins by SDS‐gel electrophoresis showed phosphorylated alkali‐resistant bands of 170, 140, 130, 80, 56, 53 and 46 kDa proteins in Ehrlich ascites tumor membranes; liver membranes exhibited more strongly phosphorylated bands of 170, 56, 53 and 46 kDa proteins. Epidermal growth factor stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of only a 170 kDa protein, which was more significant in liver membranes. Liver membranes exhibited slightly higher levels of tyrosine protein kinase activity compared to tumor membranes.
Effect of various excitatory agonists on the secretion of 5‐hydroxytryptamine from permeabilised human platelets induced by Ca2+ in the presence or absence of GTP
Authors: Knight D.E. , Scrutton M.C.
Published: July 2002

Addition of GTP markedly enhances the ability of thrombin to cause a leftward shift in the Ca2+ dose/ response curve for 5‐hydroxytryptamine secretion from permeabilised human platelets. Little effect is observed on addition of GTP in the absence of thrombin. Neither ADP nor adrenaline, in the presence or absence of GTP, causes such a shift, whereas 5‐hydroxytryptamine does so to a small extent but only in the presence of GTP. The leftward shift in the Ca2+ dose/response curve induced by 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate or 1‐oleyl‐2‐acetylglycerol is not enhanced by addition of GTP. The thrombin concentration required for half‐maximal enhancement of the responce to Ca2+ is markedly reduced by addition of GTP. The results support the postulate that the effects of excitatory agonists in this system correlate with their ability to activate phospholipase C and provide further evidence for a role for GTP in signal transduction between the receptor and phospholipase C.
Cytochrome P‐450‐dependent digitoxin 12β‐hydroxylase from cell cultures of Digitalis lanata
Authors: Petersen Maike , Seitz Hanns Ulrich
Published: July 2002

A 12β‐hydroxylase which catalyzes the hydroxylation of digitoxin and other cardenolides of the A‐series to digoxin and the corresponding cardenolides of the C‐series was isolated from suspension cultures of Digitalis lanata. The enzyme is located in the microsomal fraction and has a pH optimum at 7.5. The K
m value for β‐methyldigitoxin is 7.1 μM. O2 and NADPH2 are essential for the catalytic activity, with an optimum NADPH2 concentration of 1 mM. Carbon monoxide inhibits the enzyme, but this inhibition is reversible with 450 nm light. This would suggest that the enzyme is a cytochrome P‐450‐dependent mixed‐function monooxygenase. p‐Hydroxymercuribenzoate and CuSO4 are also inhibitory. KCN stimulates hydroxylation in vitro.
Activation by polyamines, polycations, and ruthenium red of the Ca2+‐dependent glucan synthase from soybean cells
Authors: Kauss Heinrich , Jeblick Wolfgang
Published: July 2002

The 1,3‐β‐D‐glucan synthase in microsomal preparations from suspension‐cultured soy bean cells requires C2+ for activity. In the absence of Ca2+ the enzyme can also be activated by poly‐L‐Lys, poly‐L‐Orn and ruthenium red. Under these conditions it is either not or only slightly inhibited by La3+ and shows increased affinity for UDP‐glucose. Spermine, when present alone at 57 μM, effects relatively little activation but cooperates with 5 μM Ca2+ to greatly enhance the affinity of the enzyme towards UDP‐glucose, suggesting that both types of activation may occur at the same enzyme.
UDP‐GalNAc : GalNAc‐mucin α‐N‐acetylgalactosamine transferase activity in human intestinal cancerous tissues
Authors: Kurosaka Akira , Funakoshi Ikuo , Matsuyama Mutsushi , Nagayo Takeo , Yamashina Ikuo
Published: July 2002

GalNAc transferase
Human intestinal cancerous tissue
Bovine submaxillary gland mucin O‐Glycosidically linked sugar chain
Porphyrinogenic activity and ferrochelatase‐inhibitory activity of sydnones in chick embryo liver cells
Authors: Sutherland E.P. , Marks G.S. , Grab L.A. , de Montellano P.R.Ortiz
Published: July 2002

3‐[2‐(2,4,6‐Trimethylphenyl)thioethyl]‐4‐methylsydnone was shown to be a potent porphyrinogenic agent in chick embryo liver cells. The accumulation of protoporphyrin IX was consistent with the finding that ferrochelatase activity was inhibited. 3‐Benzyl‐4‐phenylsydnone did not inhibit ferrochelatase activity and protoporphyrin IX was found to constitute only a minor fraction of the porphyrins. These results support the idea that the porphyrinogenicity of 3‐[2‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)thioethyl]‐4‐methylsydnone is due to its catalytic activation by cytochrome P‐450 leading to heme alkylation and formation of N‐vinylprotoporphyrin IX which inhibits ferrochelatase.
Effects of chloride on paramagnetic coupling of manganese in calcium chloride‐washed photosystem II preparations
Authors: Mavankal Gopinath , McCain Douglas C. , Bricker Terry M.
Published: July 2002

The effect of chloride on paramagnetic coupling of manganese in the oxygen‐evolving complex of CaCl2‐‐washed PS II preparations was examined using Q‐band ESR. When these PS II preparations were depleted of chloride, a strong 6‐line ESR signal characteristic of protein‐bound, uncoupled manganese was observed. Incubation at high chloride concentrations caused the disappearance of this signal. By repeated removal and addition of chloride, the signal could be cycled on and off without loss of bound manganese. When in a chloride‐depleted state, the ESR‐detectable protein‐bound manganese could be removed by treatment with EDTA. Subsequent heating of EDTA‐treated preparations revealed a second pool of protein‐bound manganese associated with PS II. One of these pools requires a high concentration of chloride to maintain paramagnetic coupling while the second pool (within the limits of our observations) does not appear to require chloride for the maintenance of the paramagnetically coupled state.
Identification of high levels of protein phosphatase‐1 in rat liver nuclei
Authors: Kuret Jeff , Bell Heather , Cohen Philip
Published: July 2002

Rat liver nuclei contain a protein phosphatase that is indistinguishable from the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase‐1 in its molecular mass, sensitivity to inhibitor‐1 and inhibitor‐2 and specificity for the β‐subunit of phosphorylase kinase. This activity is not bound to the outer nuclear membrane, but located within the nucleus. The average level of protein phosphatase‐1 activity in nuclei is at least 5‐fold higher than its average extranuclear concentration.
The state 2 transition in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301 can be driven by respiratory electron flow into the plastoquinone pool
Authors: Mullineaux Conrad W. , Allen John F.
Published: July 2002

State 1‐state 2 transitions in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301 were observed using a modulated fluorescence measurement system. State 1 transitions could be reversed even when PS II turnover was completely inhibited by DCMU. In starved cells, in which the rate of respiratory electron flow was greatly decreased, the extent of this reversion to state 2 was reduced. This suggests that state 2 transitions can be driven by respiratory electron flow as well as by PS II turnover and provides further evidence for the intersection of photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport in cyanobacteria. We propose that excitation energy distribution in this organism is controlled by the redox level of plastoquinone or a closely associated component of the electron transport chain.
Thermostability of membrane enzymes in organic solvents
Authors: Ayala Guadalupe , de Gómez-Puyou M.Tuena , Gómez-Puyou A. , Darszon Alberto
Published: July 2002

ATPase
Cytochrome oxidase
Enzyme stability
Organic solvent
Thermostability
Water content
Photoinhibition: Impairment of the primary charge separation between P‐680 and pheophytin in photosystem II of chloroplasts
Authors: Demeter Sandor , Neale Patrick J. , Melis Anastasios
Published: July 2002

The question of the primary site of photoinhibition was investigated using the light‐induced absorbance change of pheophytin a (at 685 nm) in spinach chloroplasts and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. Photoinhibition of spinach thylakoid membranes resulted in a parallel decrease in the amplitude of the pheophytin a (ΔA
685) and QA (ΔA
320) photoreduction signals. In intact Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells the pheophytin photoreduction and oxygen evolution activity exhibited a similar decrease during photoinhibition. A complete recovery of both activities was attained within 60 min incubation in normal growth conditions. It is concluded that the primary site of photoinhibition involves the components (P‐680 and/or pheophytin) of the primary charge separation.
Increase of DPH fluorescence polarization during development of Dictyostelium discoideum cells
Authors: Thiery R. , Klein R. , Tatischeff I.
Published: July 2002

Whole cells of the eukaryotic microorganism Dictyostelium discoideum have been assayed with membrane fluorescence polarization probes. With diphenylhexatriene (DPH) the steady‐state fluorescence polarization remained stable during growth, but significant rise was found as a function of time of development. This variation, discussed as being specific to the plasma membrane, is the first report of a biophysical change occurring at this level during cellular aggregation of D. discoideum. In contrast, with trimethylammonium (TMA)‐DPH no change was observed during development. The differences obtained with the two probes are discussed in the light of complementary fluorescence anisotropy decay measurements.
The primary structure of iron superoxide dismutase from Escherichia coli
Authors: Schininà M.Eugenia , Maffey Letizia , Barra Donatella , Bossa Francesco , Puget Krystyna , Michelson Adolf M.
Published: July 2002

The complete amino acid sequence of iron superoxide from Escherichia coli has been determined. The sequence was deduced from analysis of peptides obtained after cleavage of the carboxymethylated apoenzyme with trypsin, Stapholococcus aureus protease or CNBr. The polypeptide chain is made up of 192 residues and is easily aligned with the other known amino acid sequences of iron and manganese superoxide dismutases from various sources. The iron superoxide dismutase from E. coli shows a significantly higher homology with the iron enzyme from a different organism than with the manganese isoenzyme from E. coli.
A small, discrete acyl carrier protein is involved in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in Streptomyces erythraeus
Authors: Hale Richard S. , Jordan Keith N. , Leadlay Peter F.
Published: July 2002

A heat‐stable factor, required for de novo synthesis of fatty acids in the erythromycin‐producing organism Streptomyces erythraeus, has been purified to homogeneity and identified as an acyl carrier protein (ACP). We conclude that, contrary to previous belief, fatty acid synthase in S. erythraeus more closely resembles the dissociable complex of E. coli than the tightly associated, multifunctional enzyme complex found in the related actinomycete Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Proximo‐distal gradient of Na+‐dependent D‐glucose transport activity in the brush border membrane vesicles from the human fetal small intestine
Authors: Malo Christiane , Berteloot Alfred
Published: July 2002

Brush‐border membrane vesicles were isolated from the jejunum and ileum of 17–20‐week‐old normal human fetuses and found to be highly enriched in sucrase activity with less than 5% contamination by basolateral membranes. Time course studies of D‐glucose uptake clearly showed a transient, phlorizin‐sensitive, and Na+‐dependent accumulation of sugar into these vesicles. Higher maximum overshoot values and initial rates of D‐glucose uptake were recorded in jejunal as compared to ileal vesicles while low substrate binding to the membranes, identical intravesicular volumes and equivalent dissipation of the Na+‐gradient were found in the two preparations. It was concluded that a fully functional Na+‐D‐glucose cotransport system is present with a proximo‐distal gradient of activity during the early gestation period.