bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morfologia de conídios e patogenicidade de isolados de Exserohilum turcicum da Argentina e do Brasil em milho
Authors: De Rossi Roberto Luis , Reis Erlei Melo , Brustolin Ricardo
Published: April 2015

A cultura do milho é uma das principais commodities da Argentina e do Brasil. Seu rendimento é reduzido por agentes nocivos, sendo um deles o fungo Exserohilum turcicum(Et)agente causal da helmintosporiose do milho.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar as características morfológicas dos conídios e a patogenicidade de dez isolados de Etobtidos da Argentina e do Brasil. Cinco isolados monospóricos de cada país foram cultivados em meio lactose caseina hidrolizada ágar (LCHA) durante 15 dias a 25+2ºC e na ausência de luz. Prepararam-se lâminas microscópicas para a mensuração de 200 conidios de cada isolado. Na média os conídios mediram 10-25 x 30-135 μm, apresentando 2-8 septos. Detectaram-se diferenças estatísticas (p= 0,05) entre os dez isolados de Etpara todas as variáveis medidas (comprimento, largura e número de septos). Apesar da variação, as características mensuradas coincidiram com as registradas na literatura. Na comprovação da patogenicidade, plantas do híbrido de milho Pioneer P1630H, de conhecida suscetibilidade a Et, foram inoculadas com a deposição de 0,5 mL de uma suspensão de conídios de Etna concentração de 5x104 conídios/mL, no cartucho, quando atingiram a quarta folha expandida.Os dez isolados produziram, após os 15 dias da inoculação, uma média de 2,5 lesões/folha; de 39,7 x 3,4 mm de comprimento e largura respetivamente; e 4% de severidade estimada. Não se observou diferenças significativas na patogenicidade dos dez isolados estudados para nenhum dos critérios patométricos. Houve diferenças morfológicas entre os isolados da Argentina e do Brasil, porém não quanto à patogenicidade. Confirma-se que os isolados utilizados neste trabalho pertencem à espécie Et.
Stability of Citrus tristeza virus protective isolate 'Pêra IAC' according to SSCP analysis of old and new lines of three sweet orange varieties
Authors: Leonel Waldecy Matos da Silva , Corazza Maria Júlia , Zanutto Carlos Alexandre , Müller Gerd Walter , Carvalho Sergio Alves , Nunes William Mário Carvalho
Published: April 2015

Clonal cleaning, followed by pre-immunization with protective complexes of Citrus tristeza virus(CTV), allowed the commercial cultivation of Pêra sweet orange, a variety that has great importance for Brazilian citriculture but is sensitive to the virus. The use of mild protective isolates in other citrus varieties, even those more tolerant to CTV, can also be of interest to prevent the spread of severe isolates. The aim of this study was to characterize, by means of SSCP (Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism) analysis of the coat protein gene, CTV isolates present in plants of the sweet orange cultivars Pêra, Hamlin and Valencia propagated from four budwood sources: 1) old lines, 2) nucellar lines, 3) shoot-tip-grafted lines, and 4) shoot-tip-grafted lines pre-immunized with the mild CTV protective isolate 'PIAC'. We also evaluated the correlation of the obtained SSCP patterns to stem pitting intensity, tree vigor and fruit yield. SSCP results showed low genetic diversity among the isolates present in different trees of the same variety and same budwood source and, in some cases, in different budwood sources and varieties. Considering tristeza symptoms, lower intensity was noted for plants of new, shoot-tip-grafted and pre-immunized shoot-tip-grafted lines, compared to old lines of the three varieties. The observed SSCP patterns and symptomatology suggested that more severe CTV complexes infect the plants of old lines of all three varieties. The protective complex stability was observed in the SSCP patterns of CTV isolates of some shoot-tip-grafted and pre-immunized clones. It was concluded that the changes detected in other electrophoretic profiles of this treatment did not cause loss of the protective capacity of CTV isolate 'PIAC' inoculated in the pre-immunization.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts from Lentinula edodes isolates against Colletotrichum sublineolum and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Passiflorae
Authors: Tonucci-Zanardo Nivea Maria , Pascholati Sérgio Florentino , Di Piero Robson Marcelo
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts from fruiting bodies of different isolates of Lentinula edodeson the pathogens Colletotrichum sublineolum, the causal agent of anthracnose in sorghum, and Xanthomonas axonopodispv. passiflorae, the causal agent of bacterial spot in passion fruit. Results showed that the aqueous extracts from isolates LE JAB-K and LE 95/01 significantly reduced C. sublineolumspore germination,while the isolate LE 96/22 was the only one to inhibit the pathogen mycelial growth. However, all L. edodesisolates showed inhibitory effect on C. sublineolumappressorium formation. Regarding X. axonopodispv. passiflorae, the aqueous extracts from all L. edodesisolates significantly reduced the in vitromultiplication of the bacterium. However, antimicrobial activity was lost when the extracts were autoclaved, demonstrating their thermolabile property. The aqueous extract from isolate LE 96/22 was also partially purified by anion exchange chromatography and fraction V exhibited high inhibitory activity on the in vitromycelial growth of C. sublineolum, while the multiplication of X. axonopodispv. passifloraewas inhibited by fractions IV, V and VII. Thus, L. edodesisolates were shown to produce compounds exhibiting antifungal and antibacterial activities against phytopathogens, which are mainly concentrated in fraction V.
Relationship between IC50determined in vitro/in vivoand the fungicide rate used in the Field
Authors: Reis Erlei Melo , Zanatta Mateus , Carmona Marcelo , Menten José Otávio Machado
Published: April 2015

Published data containing fungicide concentrations that control 50% (IC50) of a given fungus were analyzed. In the analysis we considered: (i) the IC50 determined in vitroand in vivofor a given fungicide and for a specific fungus; (ii) the concentration (g/ha) of active ingredient for the fungicide indicated to control a specific disease in the field; (iii) water volume of 120/L used in the spray; (iv) the fungicide a.i. concentration (mg/L) in 120 L volume; (v) and the ratio of the concentration used in the field with that determined in the laboratory. The analysis were performed by using IC50 data for DMIs, QoIs, a carbamate and a benzimidazol against the following fungi Bipolaris sorokiniana, Drechslera tritici-repentis, D. siccans, Fusarium graminearum, Puccinia triticina, Exserohilum turcicum, Phakopsora pachyrhiziand Corynespora cassiicola. The fungicide concentrations sprayed in the field were 33.9 (D. siccansand trifloxystrobin) to 500,000.0 (E. turcicumand iprodione) times higher than that determined in the laboratory. It was concluded that the IC50 was not related to the concentration used in the field and therefore should be used to compare the power among fungicides and to monitor the fungal sensitivity shift towards fungicides
Nematoides fitoparasitas em seringais do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Wilcken Silvia Renata Siciliano , Gabia Adriana Aparecida , Brito Paulo Fernando de , Furtado Edson Luiz
Published: April 2015

A seringueira, Hevea brasiliensis, é nativa da região Amazônica e a espécie mais importante do gênero. O estado de São Paulo é o maior produtor nacional com uma área plantada de cerca de 90.000 hectares. Por muito tempo as mudas de seringueira foram produzidas diretamente no solo ou em sacolas plásticas com substrato a base de terra de barranco sem tratamento, o que propiciou a disseminação de pragas e patógenos do sistema radicular. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a incidência de fitonematoides em seringais do estado de São Paulo. Foi realizada a amostragem de 75 seringais distribuídos em 64 municípios do Estado, no período de 2011 e 2012. As amostragens foram realizadas em solo e raiz de seringais georreferenciados, com mais de oito anos de produção, formados com diferentes clones, com predominância do clone RRIM 600. As amostras foram acondicionadas em sacos plásticos, etiquetados e encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Nematologia da FCA/UNESP, Botucatu, SP, onde foram processadas para extração dos nematoides. Pratylenchus brachyurusfoi encontrado em 66% dos municípios amostrados. Nematoides do gênero Meloidogyne,tiveram ocorrência em 49,3% dos municípios. Os nematoides dos gêneros Rotylenchuluse Paratrichodorusforam detectados em 5,3% e 2,6% das amostras, respectivamente. Representantes da família Criconematidae foram encontrados em 1,3% dos seringais amostrados. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, observa-se que P. brachyuruse o gênero Meloidogynejá se encontram distribuidos na maioria dos cultivos de seringueira do estado, porém, em nível populacional relativamente baixo.
Territorial analysis of Aedes aegypti distribution in two Colombian cities: a chorematic and ecosystem approach
Authors: Fuentes-Vallejo Mauricio , Higuera-Mendieta Diana Rocío , García-Betancourt Tatiana , Alcalá-Espinosa Lucas Andrés , García-Sánchez Diana , Munévar-Cagigas David Alejandro , Brochero Helena Luisa , González-Uribe Catalina , Quintero Juliana
Published: April 2015

A territorial analysis of Aedes aegypti density was conducted in two Colombian cities using an ecosystem and chorematic approach. Entomological and behavioral data (by cluster) and information on the urban context were used to analyze the relationship between territorial structures and dynamics and vector density. The results were represented in graphic (chorematic) models. Arauca showed higher vector density than Armenia. Higher density was related to unplanned urbanization, flood-prone areas, low socioeconomic strata, household water tanks, higher temperature, and recall of control measures for adult mosquitos. Zones with low density indices coincided with diverse socioeconomic, ecological, and behavioral conditions. The study found a relationship between territorial structures and dynamics and vector density in both Arauca and Armenia, where the interaction between ecological and social systems shape areas with high and low A. aegypti density.
Obtaining adjusted prevalence ratios from logistic regression models in cross-sectional studies
Authors: Bastos Leonardo Soares , Oliveira Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes de , Velasque Luciane de Souza
Published: April 2015

In the last decades, the use of the epidemiological prevalence ratio (PR) instead of the odds ratio has been debated as a measure of association in cross-sectional studies. This article addresses the main difficulties in the use of statistical models for the calculation of PR: convergence problems, availability of tools and inappropriate assumptions. We implement the direct approach to estimate the PR from binary regression models based on two methods proposed by Wilcosky & Chambless and compare with different methods. We used three examples and compared the crude and adjusted estimate of PR, with the estimates obtained by use of log-binomial, Poisson regression and the prevalence odds ratio (POR). PRs obtained from the direct approach resulted in values close enough to those obtained by log-binomial and Poisson, while the POR overestimated the PR. The model implemented here showed the following advantages: no numerical instability; assumes adequate probability distribution and, is available through the R statistical package.
Studies published in indexed journals on lawsuits for medicines in Brazil: a systematic review
Authors: Gomes Vanessa Santana , Amador Tânia Alves
Published: April 2015

The aim of this systematic review was to identify and characterize articles in indexed scientific journals with quantitative data surveys on administrative or legal proceedings for access to medicines. The SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were used. We identified 45 articles, of which 17 were selected. The larger studies, each covering between 2,000 and 2,927 lawsuits, were done in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Santa Catarina, Brazil. Eleven studies specified the type of legal representation, of which six examined cases with public attorneys and five with private attorneys. Only two studies reported whether the lawsuit was individual or class action, and in both the claims were individual. Since the majority of the medicines requested in the lawsuits were medium to high-cost, the review indicates that lawsuits contributed to the incorporation of these drugs into current pharmaceutical care in Brazil.
Modos de falar de si: a dimensão estética nas narrativas autobiográficas
Authors: Ostetto Luciana Esmeralda , Kolb-Bernardes Rosvita
Published: April 2015

O artigo apresenta e analisa o trabalho biográfico desenvolvido com um grupo de jovens que começava sua jornada no curso de Mestrado em Pedagogia do Teatro da Universidade de Rostock (norte da Alemanha). Inspirado na proposta de “ateliê biográfico de projeto”, o trabalho procurou amplificar possibilidades nos modos de falar de si, utilizando-se de diferentes linguagens e materialidades expressivas. Pressupondo a dimensão estética, poética, dos processos de produção de narrativas autobiográficas, o convite à imaginação criadora mobilizou, no campo da sensibilidade, a compreensão e a escrita de si.
A ética do cuidado de si no campo pedagógico brasileiro: modos de uso, ressonâncias e desafios
Authors: Silva Nyrluce Marília Alves da , Freitas Alexandre Simão de
Published: April 2015

Este estudo objetiva problematizar os usos da noção de cuidado de si foucaultiana no pensamento educacional contemporâneo. Nesse sentido, mobilizando uma ampla pesquisa teórica, investigou-se como pesquisadores brasileiros têm tematizado essa noção para pensar questões filosófico-educacionais. Observou-se que, no último decênio, o cuidado de si emergiu como uma chave analítica sui generis para repensar a ideia e os dilemas da formação humana, possibilitando aos educadores delinear formas de resistência crítica e criativa aos desafios éticos, políticos e formativos nos tempos atuais. Isso tem contribuído, sobretudo, para o debate em torno da crítica ao sujeito da educação. Ao mesmo tempo, os usos do cuidado de si indicam a emergência de um quarto movimento da recepção de Foucault na educação, diferindo da hegemonia dos anos 1980 e 1990 em que predominava a acolhida da analítica do poder.
Imagens multiespectrais para avaliação de índice de área foliar e massa seca do capim 'Tifton 85', sob adubação nitrogenada
Authors: Simões Cláudia Rossini , Rossiello Roberto Oscar Pereyra , Graciosa Mariana Guimarães , Machado Marley Lamounier , Silva Camila Figueiredo da
Published: April 2015

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as respostas do capim 'Tifton 85' (Cynodon spp.) à adubação nitrogenada, em termos de área foliar verde e de massa seca da parte aérea, utilizando índices calculados a partir de informações contidas em imagens multiespectrais, em comparação com indicadores obtidos por métodos diretos. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro doses de N-ureia (0; 100; 150 e 200 kg ha-1), dispostos em um desenho experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Aos 26 dias, após um corte de uniformização, foram determinados os seguintes atributos do dossel: o Índice de Área Foliar (IAF), a massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), o índice de cobertura verde (ICV), utilizando uma câmara digital na faixa do visível e o Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI), utilizando uma câmara multiespectral. Os quatro atributos do dossel vegetativo responderam positivamente à adubação nitrogenada. Enquanto o ICV mostrou relações curvilineares com o IAF e a MSPA (R² IAF=0,89; R² MSPA=0,87), o NDVI mostrou relações lineares (r² IAF=0,62; r2 MSPA=0,64), sem evidenciar tendência à saturação. Foi concluído que é possível avaliar a adubação nitrogenada em pastagens de Cynodon spp., utilizando análise de imagens, e que tanto o NDVI quanto o ICV podem ser utilizados como indicadores de produtividade do capim Tifton 85
Temporalidad psiquica y subjetivación en la adolescencia
Authors: Cornejo Portilla Rodrigo
Published: April 2015

La crisis de la adolescencia encuentra su explicación en la actualización del conflicto edípico, demostrando por primera vez una ritmicidad y una estructura temporal en retroactividad que deshace los modelos del tiempo lineal, ubicando así a la adolescencia como el paradigma de la temporalidad de los procesos psíquicos en el sujeto.
Ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in urban centers of the Alto Tietê, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Munhae Catarina de Bortoli , Souza-Campana Débora Rodrigues de , Kamura Cintia Mitsue , Castro Morini Maria Santina de
Published: April 2015

The Alto Tietê municipalities have rich remnants of Dense Rain Forest in their vicinities. Considering the environmental importance of the Alto Tietê as water source and that of ants as components of tropical biodiversity, this paper aimed at describing the diversity, composition and similarity of the ant fauna in urban centers of different cities. Samples were collected in houses and city squares. Seven subfamilies and 87 species were recorded, of which 39% are commonly found in the Atlantic Forest remnants adjacent to the cities. Linepithema neotropicum is dominant in areas outside the houses and in squares. In each municipality, in the area inside the houses, there is a dominant species. Tapinoma melanocephalumwas recorded preferably in the area inside the houses. Five exotic species were recorded mainly in the city of Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil.
Ocorrência e perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana de sorotipos de Salmonella spp. isolados de aviários do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Pandini Jessica Angela , Pinto Fabiana Gisele da Silva , Muller Jessica Maronezzi , Weber Laís Dayane , Moura Alexandre Carvalho de
Published: April 2015

O presente estudo foi conduzido para verificar o perfil de resistência de diferentes sorotipos de Salmonella spp. isolados em aviários de frango de corte frente a agentes antimicrobianos. Foram processados 342 suabes de arrasto provenientes de granjas avícolas do oeste do Paraná, no período de janeiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2011, sendo isoladas 39 amostras de Salmonella spp. Os sorotipos mais frequentes foram: S. Heidelberg, S. Mbandaka, S. Newport, S. Schwarzengrund, S. Enteritidis, S. Livingstone, S. Orion, S. Give e S. Infantis. A determinação do perfil de resistência para os 19 sorotipos de Salmonella identificados foi realizada em relação a 12 antimicrobianos comerciais. Os resultados indicam que 51% dos sorotipos de Salmonella apresentaram resistência a um ou mais antimicrobianos, com 12 diferentes padrões de resistência. O maior percentual de resistência foi verificado à tetraciclina (30,8%), e o menor à gentamicina e cloranfenicol (2,6%). Os níveis de resistência indicam que os antimicrobianos devem ser utilizados nos aviários de forma mais prudente, buscando, assim, minimizar a disseminação de cepas resistentes.
Levantamento de extratos vegetais com ação anti-Candida no período de 2005-2013
Authors: GIORDANI C. , SANTIN R. , CLEFF M.B.
Published: April 2015

Entre as micoses relevantes em saúde pública destaca-se a candidíase, infecção oportunista que acomete o homem e animais. A enfermidade era considerada pouco frequente na medicina veterinária, porém relatos demonstram um aumento considerável, assim como a resistência aos antifúngicos. Com isso, pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas visando encontrar substâncias bioativas frente ao gênero Candida. Desta forma, objetivou-se reunir dados das bases Scielo e ScienceDirect com informações entre os anos de 2005-2013 referentes à ação anti-Candida de diferentes extratos vegetais. Foi encontrado um total de 78 famílias e 208 espécies de plantas com atividade frente à Candida spp., destacando-se as famílias Asteraceae, Geraniaceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Rubiaceae, Verbenaceae e Anacardiaceae, com extratos diclorometânicos, aquosos, etanólicos, metanólico, frações e subfrações, sendo as folhas a parte vegetal mais utilizada. As plantas descritas apresentaram ação anti-Candida, porém algumas necessitam concentrações muito altas dos extratos com pequena inibição de crescimento/eliminação destas leveduras, ocorrendo variações, principalmente, quanto ao método de avaliação, tipo de extrato, parte vegetal, e procedência dos isolados fúngicos. Chama a atenção a raridade dos estudos com isolados de animais, principalmente de casos clínicos. Por fim, destacam-se as famílias Asteraceae e Geraniaceae que apresentaram maior número de espécies vegetais com atividade, podendo ser uma fonte de investigação frente à Candida spp.
Efeito do extrato etanólico bruto e das frações da Hyptidendron canum (Pohl ex Benth.) Harley em brânquias de Oreochromis niloticus L.
Authors: FIUZA T.S. , SILVA P.C. , PAULA J.R. , TRESVENZOL L.M.F. , FERREIRA H.D. , SABÓIA-MORAIS S.M.T.
Published: April 2015

Alguns problemas relacionados à criação intensiva de peixes estão mais evidentes devido ao aumento da aquicultura em todo o mundo, destacando-se os distúrbios nutricionais e o aumento de doenças nos sistemas de produção. Com isso as pesquisas envolvendo produtos derivados de plantas vem ganhando espaço nessa área. A Hyptidendron canum é uma planta utilizada na medicina popular como antimalárica, anti-inflamatória, antiulcerativa e anti-hepatotóxica. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar os efeitos celulares e teciduais do extrato etanólico bruto e das frações hexano, clorofórmio e acetato de etila da H. canum nas brânquias de Oreochromis niloticus L. Para isso, o extrato etanólico e as frações foram administrados no peixe através da ração. Após 24 horas da ingestão da ração, os peixes foram sacrificados e o segundo arco branquial de cada um foi processado histologicamente e corado com tricômico de Masson e Hematoxilina e Eosina (HE). Pela análise qualitativa das brânquias ao microscópio de luz, observou-se que o extrato bruto e as três frações promoveram, em diferentes intensidades nas lamelas, descamação e destacamento do epitélio respiratório, alteração da curvatura, desorganização do eixo, hiperplasia celular do tecido epitelial interlamelar e vasodilatação nas lamelas e no vaso central do filamento. Os resultados deste experimento mostraram que o extrato etanólico bruto e as três frações de H. canum promoveram processos inflamatórios e/ou lesões sistêmicas, dose dependente para O. niloticus.
Comparative anatomy of the leaves of Piper lepturum(Kunth) C.DC. var. lepturum and Piper lepturum var. angustifolium (C.DC.) Yunck.
Authors: Machado Nelson Santana de Oliveira , Pereira Flaviane Gomes , Santos Paulo Roberto Dias dos , Costa Cecília Gonçalves , Guimarães Elsie Franklin
Published: April 2015

This study showed anatomical differences related to Piper lepturumvar. lepturum and P. lepturum var. angustifolium species, sometimes considered varieties and in other cases synonyms. For histological analysis, fully expanded leaves were collected and for analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM), fragments from the midrib were fixed on both leaf surfaces. The two species revealed differences in plant anatomy and it was observed that the stem of P. lepturum var. lepturum showed persistent wings and papillary epidermal cells, and these characters are absent in P. lepturum var. angustifolium. There was also the presence of raphides only in the lamina leaf and petiole of P. lepturum var. angustifolium, differentiating the two species. Recent studies have shown the importance of plant anatomy with species where there are issues related to taxonomic delimitation.
Flora polínica da Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (São Paulo, Brasil). Famílias: 16-Menispermaceae, 52-Violaceae
Authors: Tresso Mayara Rodrigues , Corrêa Angela Maria da Silva
Published: April 2015

No presente trabalho foram estudados os grãos de pólen de cinco espécies pertencentes à família Menispermaceae (Abuta selloana Eichler, Cissampelos andromorpha DC, Disciphania modestaDiels, Hyperbaena domingensis (DC.) Benth, Odontocarya acuparata Miers) e de uma espécie pertencente à família Violaceae (Anchietea pyrifolia (Mart.) G. Don), ocorrentes na Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga. Para todos os táxons estudados, são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações, e observações.
Anatomia comparada dos órgãos vegetativos de espécies de Bulbophyllum seção Didactyle (Lindl.) Cogn. e Bulbophyllum seção Xiphizusa Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Piazza Ligia Debone , Smidt Eric de Camargo , Bona Cleusa
Published: April 2015

Bulbophyllum sect. Didactyle e B.sect. Xiphizusa são grupos monofiléticos irmãos, inseridos no clado neotropical do gênero. As espécies ocorrem como epífitas ou rupícolas em áreas montanhosas com predomínio dos campos rupestres. O objetivo foi descrever comparativamente a anatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de 13 espécies dessas seções. O trabalho evidencia pela primeira vez a secreção lipofílica dos tricomas na folha jovem; caracteres xeromorfos uniformes entre as duas seções, como a cutícula espessa, presença de idioblastos, parênquima aquífero e fibras junto aos feixes vasculares; a ausência de cristais prismáticos na raiz e bulbo nas espécies de B.sect. Didactyle e a ausência de idioblastos com espessamento espiralados na raiz, espessamento na parede epidérmica do pseudobulbo e predomínio de mesofilo heterogêneo nas folhas das espécies de B. sect. Xiphizusa podem ser considerados estados de caractere sinapomórficos para as seções mostrando a importância da anatomia em estudos sistemáticos.
Synopsis of Orchidaceae from Serra do Urubu: an area of montane forest, Pernambuco State, Brazil
Authors: Pessoa Edlley , Alves Marccus
Published: April 2015

This study provides a survey of Orchidaceae species in an area of montane Atlantic Forest in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The study area comprises two conservation units (RPPN Frei Caneca and RPPN Pedra D’Anta), forming together the Serra do Urubu, which is located in the border of the Borborema plateau. Orchidaceae is represented in this study area by 81 species and 50 genera. Epidendrum L. (10 spp.) and Habenaria Willd. (four spp.) are the most representative genera. The subtribes Laeliinae (22 spp.) and Pleurothallidinae (14 spp.) together represent about half of the number of species. The high number of orchid species distinguishes Serra do Urubu as one of the richest areas for the family in the Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil. Our study also provides 18 new records of species to Pernambuco as well as reporting on about 40% of the species and 60% of the genera cited to the State. Campylocentrum pernambucense, Cattleya labiata, Cattleya granulosa, Phragmipedium sargentianum and Zygostates bradeiare cited as endangered, 14 species are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, and other seven have distributions restricted to northeastern Brazil. All these facts reinforce the importance of this area as well as management strategies for the conservation of Orchidaceae.
O gênero Catasetum Rich. ex Kunth (Orchidaceae, Catasetinae) no Estado do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Machnicki-Reis Miguel , Engels Mathias Erich , Petini-Benelli Adarilda , Smidt Eric de Camargo
Published: April 2015

Catasetum possui cerca de 170 espécies terrícolas e epífitas com distribuição neotropical, sendo o gênero reconhecido pelos pseudobulbos possuindo vários entrenós, pelas flores unissexuais (raro hermafroditas) e polinário com estipe, caudículo e viscídio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o estudo taxonômico de Catasetum no Estado do Paraná, apresentando descrições, ilustrações, mapa de distribuição, chave de identificação, status de conservação e comentários para cada espécie. O gênero está presente predominantemente na Floresta Ombrófila Densa (Catasetum atratum, C. socco e C. triodon) e na Floresta Ombrófila Mista (C. fimbriatum) do Estado. De acordo com os critérios da IUCN, C. atratum enquadra-se como espécie criticamente em perigo, C. fimbriatum e C. triodon, enquadram-se como uma espécie em perigo e C. socco enquadra-se como espécie vulnerável no Estado do Paraná.
Atmospheric pollen and spore content in the urban area of the city of Medellin, Colombia
Authors: Guarín Fernando Alzate , Abril Mario Alberto Quijano , Alvarez Astrid , Fonnegra Ramiro
Published: April 2015

The atmosphere of the urban area of the city of Medellin, Colombia was monitored with the objective of identifying airborne pollen and spores throughout a whole year. Sampling was performed between February 2010 and March 2011, coinciding with the La Niña climate phenomenon, which is characterized by a considerable increase in precipitation. Samples of airborne spores and pollen were obtained from a suction Hirst-type volumetric sampler. A total of 62 pollen and spores types were recorded during sampling, of which 30 were angiosperms, two were gymnosperms, 10 were monilophytes, and 20 were fungi. The families displaying the highest pollen counts were Oleaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Polypodiaceae. We recorded an inverse relationship among precipitation and the quantity and diversity of pollen grains and fern spores. The angiosperm and gymnosperm taxa showed the greatest recorded grains throughout the sampling year with respect to the species mentioned herewith, which have been reported as allergenic in various aerobiological studies.
Anatomy and physiology of Cattail as related to different population densities
Authors: CORRÊA F.F. , MADAIL R.H. , BARBOSA S. , PEREIRA M.P. , CASTRO E.M. , SORIANO C.T.G. , PEREIRA F.J.
Published: April 2015

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the population density of Typha angustifolia plants in the anatomical and physiological characteristics. Plants were collected from populations of high density (over 50% of colonization capacity) and low density (less than 50% of colonization capacity) and cultivated under controlled greenhouse conditions. Plants from both populations were grown in plastic trays containing 4 L of nutritive solution for 60 days. At the end of this period, the relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, net assimilatory rate, root/shoot ratio, leaf anatomy, root anatomy, and catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were evaluated. Plants from high density populations showed increased growth rate and root/shoot ratio. Low density populations showed higher values of stomatal index and density in leaves, as well as increased palisade parenchyma thickness. Root epidermis and exodermis thickness as well as the aerenchyma proportion of high density populations were reduced, these plants also showed increased vascular cylinder proportion. Only catalase activity was modified between the high and low density populations, showing increased values in low density populations. Therefore, different Typha angustifolia plants show differences in its anatomy and physiology related to its origins on high and low density conditions. High density population plants shows increased growth capacity related to lower apoplastic barriers in root and this may be related to increased nutrient uptake capacity.
Levels of nutrients and grain yield of maize intercropped with signalgrass (Brachiaria) in different arrangements of plants
Authors: FREITAS M.A.M. , VALADÃO SILVA D.V. , SOUZA M.F. , SILVA A.A. , SARAIVA D.T. , FREITAS M.M. , CECON P.R. , FERREIRA L.R.
Published: April 2015

Competition between maize and signalgrass can economically cripple the intercropping by the reduced yield of maize and dry matter content of the forage. In seeking to define plant arrangements which make this system more efficient, this research was held with the objective of assessing the effects of interference of densities of signalgrass (Urochloa Brizantha) on nutrition and on maize grain yield. Two field experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. Treatments were arranged similarly in both experiments, in a 2 x 4 factorial design, the first factor being the dose of Nicosulfuron herbicide applied (0 and 8 g ha-1) and the second factor being the forage seeding rates (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg of seeds per hectare). The interference of signalgrass reduced foliar nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content in maize plants intercropped with the forage. Higher values of grain yield were observed with the reduction of the spacing and the application of the recommended herbicide underdose (8 g ha-1). It was concluded that, regardless of the seeding density of U. Brizantha, reducing the maize seeding inter-rows spacing, combined with the application of an underdose of Nicosulfuron, caused a positive effect by reducing the initial forage growth, resulting in less interference of Urochloa brizantha on nutrient uptake by the maize plants and grain yield of the crop.
Chemical control of different Digitaria insularis populations and management of a glyphosate-resistant population
Authors: CORREIA N.M. , ACRA L.T. , BALIEIRO G.
Published: April 2015

This study aimed to control different populations of Digitaria insularisby glyphosate herbicide, isolated and mixed, besides the combination of methods (chemical and mechanical) to manage resistant adult plants. Three experiments were conducted, one in pots which were maintained under non-controlled conditions and two under field conditions. In the experiment in pots, twelve populations of D. insularis were sprayed with isolated glyphosate (1.44 and 2.16 kg a.e. ha-1) and mixed (1.44 and 2.16 kg a.e. ha-1) with quizalofop-p tefuryl (0.12 kg i.a. ha-1). The treatment of 1.44 kg a.e. ha-1 of glyphosate plus 0.12 kg a.i. ha-1 of quizalofop was sufficient for adequate control (>95%) of all populations. Population 11 (area of grain production in Itumbiara, GO) was considered sensitive to glyphosate. Others populations were moderately sensitive or tolerant to the herbicide. In the field, the plants of D. insularis of one of the experiments were mowed and, in the other, there were not. Eight treatments with herbicides [isolated glyphosate (1.44 and 2.16 kg a.e. ha-1) and mixed (1.44 and 2.16 kg a.e. ha-1) with quizalofop-p-tefuryl at 0.12 kg a.i. ha-1), clethodim at 0.108 kg a.i. ha-1) or nicosulfuron at 0.06 kg a.i. ha-1)] were assessed, in combination with or without sequential application of the standard treatment, sprayed 15 days after the first application. The combination of the mechanic control with the application of glyphosate (2.16 and 1.44 kg a.e. ha-1) plus quizalofop-p-tefuryl (0.12 kg a.i. ha-1) or clethodim (0.108 kg a.i. ha-1), associated to the sequential application, was the most effective strategy for the management of adult plants of resistant D. insularis.
Sunflower response to repeated foliar applications of Paclobutrazol
Authors: KOUTROUBAS S.D. , DAMALAS C.A.
Published: April 2015

Paclobutrazol (PBZ), a well-known growth retardant of the triazole family, is mostly used for controlling plant size and growth, resulting in more desirable compact plants for floricultural purposes; however, limited experimental data are available for use of PBZ in field sunflower. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated foliar applications of PBZ at rates of 50 + 50 g ha-1(double application) and 50 + 50 + 50 g ha-1 (triple application) on sunflower morphology and productivity. PBZ applications corresponded to growth stages of four to five, five to six, and six to eight true leaves of sunflower plants, respectively. The double foliar application of PBZ reduced sunflower plant height at maturity by 4.4% (or by 11.7 cm). The triple foliar application of PBZ reduced sunflower plant height at maturity by 14.4% (or by 49.2 cm). However, PBZ either in the double or the triple application reduced achene yield per plant by 25.6% and 22.5% and the 100-achene weight by 11.4% and 25.0%, respectively, compared with the non-treated control. Overall, the repeated foliar applications of PBZ at the rates tested in this study, apart from providing a reduction of sunflower plant height, had major adverse effects on achene yield and weight. Thus, different application schemes of PBZ or perhaps different growth regulators should be investigated to control plant height in sunflower.
Dose-response curve to soil applied herbicides and susceptibility evaluation of different amaranthus species using model identity
Authors: RAIMONDI M.A. , OLIVEIRA J.R. R.S. , CONSTANTIN J. , RIOS F.A. , GEMELLI A. , RAIMONDI R.T.
Published: April 2015

Greenhouse studies were conducted in 2008-2009 with the objective of adjusting dose-response curves of the main soil-applied herbicides currently used in cotton for the control of Amaranthus viridis, A. hybridus, A. spinosus, A. lividus, as well as comparing susceptibility among different species, using the identity test models. Thirty six individual experiments were simultaneously carried out in greenhouse, in a sandy clay loam soil (21% clay, 2.36% OM) combining increasing doses of the herbicides alachlor, clomazone, diuron, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, prometryn, S-metolachlor, and trifluralin applied to each species. Dose-response curves were adjusted for visual weed control at 28 days after herbicide application and doses required for 80% (C80) and 95% (C95) control were calculated. All herbicides, except clomazone and trifluralin, provided efficient control of most Amaranthus species, but substantial differences in susceptibility to herbicides were found. In general, A. lividus was the least sensitive species, whereas A. spinosus demonstrated the highest sensitivity to herbicides. Alachlor, diuron, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, S-metolachlor, and prometryn are efficient alternatives to control Amaranthus spp. in a range of doses that are currently lower than those recommended to cotton.
Nutritional repercussions in patients submitted to bariatric surgery
Authors: SILVEIRA-JÚNIOR Sérgio , ALBUQUERQUE Maurício Mendes de , NASCIMENTO Ricardo Reis do , ROSA Luisa Salvagni da , HYGIDIO Daniel de Andrade , ZAPELINI Raphaela Mazon
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND: Few studies evaluated the association between nutritional disorders, quality of life and weight loss in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. AIM: To identify nutritional changes in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and correlate them with weight loss, control of comorbidities and quality of life. METHOD: A prospective cohort, analytical and descriptive study involving 59 patients undergoing bariatric surgery was done. Data were collected preoperatively at three and six months postoperatively, evaluating nutritional aspects and outcomes using BAROS questionnaire. The data had a confidence interval of 95%. RESULTS: The majority of patients was composed of women, 47 (79.7%), with 55.9% of the series with BMI between 40 to 49.9 kg/m². In the sixth month after surgery scores of quality of life were significantly higher than preoperatively (p<0.05) and 27 (67.5 %) patients had comorbidities resolved, 48 (81.3 %) presented BAROS scores of very good or excellent. After three and six months of surgery 16 and 23 presented some nutritional disorder, respectively. There was no relationship between the loss of excess weight and quality of life among patients with or without nutritional disorders. CONCLUSION: Nutritional disorders are uncommon in the early postoperative period and, when present, have little or no influence on quality of life and loss of excess weight.
Total clipless cholecystectomy by means of harmonic sealing
Authors: RAMOS Almino Cardoso , RAMOS Manoela Galvão , GALVÃO-NETO Manoel dos Passos , MARINS Josemberg , BASTOS Eduardo Lemos de Souza , ZUNDEL Natan
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND: In traditional laparoscopic cholecistectomy, the cystic duct and artery are commonly closed by metallic clips just before their division. Although the placement of these clips for occluding cystic artery and duct can be considered safe, biliary leaks and bleeding may occur especially by its dislodgement. AIM: To report a prospective case-series in total clipless cholecystectomy by means of harmonic shears for closure and division of the artery and cystic duct as well removal of the gallbladder from the liver. METHODS: Was evaluate a series of 125 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy where the sealing and division of cystic artery and duct was carried out only by harmonic shears. The intact extracted gallbladder was submitted to a reverse pressure test for assessment of the technique safety by means of CO2 insuflation. RESULTS: The most common indication for surgery was gallstones. The mean operative time was 26 min and all gallbladders were dissected intact from the liver bed. There was no mortality and the overall morbidity rate was 0.8% with no hemorrhage or leaks. The reverse pressure test showed that all specimens support at least 36-mmHg of pressure without leaking. CONCLUSION: The harmonic shears is effective and safe in laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a sole instrument for sealing and division of the artery and cystic duct. The main advantages could be related to the safety and decreased operative time.
Comparison of laparoscopic total gastrectomy and laparotomic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: RAMAGEM Carlos Alexandre Garção , LINHARES Marcelo , LACERDA Croider Franco , BERTULUCCI Paulo Anderson , WONRATH Durval , OLIVEIRA Antônio Talvane Torres de
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND: The use of laparoscopy for the treatment of gastric cancer suffered some resistance among surgeons around the world, gaining strength in the past decade. However, its oncological safety and technical feasibility remain controversial. AIM: To describe the results from the clinical and anatomopathological point of view in the comparative evaluation between the surgical videolaparoscopic and laparotomic treatments of total gastrectomy with linphadenectomy at D2, resection R0. METHOD: Retrospective analyses and comparison data from patients submitted to total gastrectomy with D2 linphadenectomy at a sole institution. The data of 111 patients showed that 64 (57,7%) have been submitted to laparotomic gastrectomy and 47 (42,3%) to gastrectomy entirely performed through videolaparoscopy. All variables related to the surgery, post-operative follow-up and anatomopathologic findings have been evaluated. RESULTS: Among the studied variables, videolaparoscopy has shown a shorter surgical time and a more premature period for the introduction of oral and enteral nourishment than the open surgery. As to the amount of dissected limph nodes, there has been a significant difference towards laparotomy with p=0,014, but the average dissected limph nodes in both groups exceed 25 nodes as recommended by the JAGC. Was not found a significant difference between the studied groups as to age, ASA, type of surgery, need for blood transfusion, stage of the disease, Bormann classification, degree of differentiation, damage of the margins, further complications and death. CONCLUSION: The total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy performed by laparoscopy presented the same benefits known of laparotomy and with the advantages already established of minimally invasive surgery. It was done with less surgical time, less time for re-introduction of the oral and enteral diets and lower hospitalization time compared to laparotomy, without increasing postoperative complications.
Early surgical complications after gastric by-pass: a literature review
Authors: ACQUAFRESCA Pablo A. , PALERMO Mariano , ROGULA Tomasz , DUZA Guillermo E. , SERRA Edgardo
Published: April 2015

INTRODUCTION: Gastric bypass is today the most frequently performed bariatric procedure,but, despite of it, several complications can occur with varied morbimortality. Probably all bariatric surgeons know these complications, but, as bariatric surgery continues to spread, general surgeon must be familiarized to it and its management. Gastric bypass complications can be divided into two groups: early and late complications, taking into account the two weeks period after the surgery. This paper will focus the early ones. METHOD: Literature review was carried out using Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, and additional information on institutional sites of interest crossing the headings: gastric bypass AND complications; follow-up studies AND complications; postoperative complications AND anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; obesity AND postoperative complications. Search language was English. RESULTS: There were selected 26 studies that matched the headings. Early complications included: anastomotic or staple line leaks, gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction and incorrect Roux limb reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Knowledge on strategies on how to reduce the risk and incidence of complications must be acquired, and every surgeon must be familiar with these complications in order to achieve an earlier recognition and perform the best intervention.
LACAN COM KRIPKE: O REAL EM JOGO NO NOME PRÓPRIO LIDO COMO UM DESIGNADOR RÍGIDO
Authors: Rosa Márcia
Published: April 2015

Este estudo coteja a teoria do Nome Próprio concebido como designador rígido, formulada pelo lógico Saul Kripke, e a teoria de Jacques Lacan sobre o Nome Próprio lido como significante puro - um significante cujo enunciado, igualando-se à sua enunciação, não tem qualquer significação ou sentido. Trata-se de assinalar pontos de convergência e de divergência entre o real em jogo na teorização lacaniana do Nome-Próprio e a essência postulada por Kripke no referente do Nome-Próprio. Ao mencionar, ainda que de modo suscinto, a teorização lacaniana sobre a letra e a nominação através do sinthoma, possíveis implicações clínicas dessa interlocução são aventadas.
Fibras de carbono a partir de lignina: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Souto Felipe , Calado Veronica , Pereira Junior Nei
Published: April 2015

Os precursores mais empregados para obtenção da fibra de carbono são a poliacrilonitrila, o piche e o rayon. Com o aumento da demanda de materiais compósitos leves e de alta resistência, a produção da fibra de carbono tem aumentado exponencialmente e novos precursores têm sido requisitados. A lignina, um material orgânico natural, tem sido estudada como possível candidata para a produção das fibras. Além de ser rejeito industrial e de biorrefinarias, as fibras de carbono obtidas com a lignina podem ter um custo mais vantajoso quando comparado com os demais precursores comerciais. Em decorrência da biodiversidade de vegetais na natureza, a lignina pode apresentar diferentes estruturas. O método de recuperação também é parâmetro que influencia diretamente na sua composição. Como as propriedades térmicas para extrusão são fortemente dependentes dessas e de muitas outras variáveis, muitas pesquisas têm sido reportadas utilizando lignina pura de diversas fontes, lignina modificada e com adição de plastificantes. As etapas de pré-tratamento, termoestabilização e carbonização/grafitização também têm sido avaliadas para conferir melhores propriedades mecânicas ao produto final. Não obstante serem muitas as condições para a produção da fibra de carbono a partir da lignina, resultados bastante promissores têm sido alcançados. As aplicações em diversas áreas estão diretamente relacionadas com o conjunto de propriedades mecânicas inerentes a ela. A fibra de carbono proveniente da lignina vem contribuir com inúmeros empregos no mercado, de maneira a baratear sua produção, minimizar a dependência de materiais fósseis e tornar sua manufatura ecologicamente sustentável.