bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instant Replay
Authors: Engell Lorenz
Published: December 2019

In a first part, the contribution goes through different competing and/or complementary concepts of ontography as they appear in phenomenology, object-oriented ontology, science and technology studies, and semiotics. From this comparative examination, the text develops a notion of ontography in contrast to that of ontology. It highlights the ontography of temporal objects and adds a specific media-philosophical approach to it by concentrating on the operations and tools of ontographical writing, registering or drawing being in time. In a second part, ontography is analysed as a techno-aesthetic operation on television, namely as the core of the slow motion replay. Four spectacular examples of instant replay are taken from the history of television that make the writing of an extended and malleable presence through television visible. From that, the contribution develops a hypothesis about the ontographical functioning of the medium of television and of its approach to the world.
Ideen zu einer Kritik ‚algorithmischer‘ Rationalität
Authors: Mersch Dieter
Published: December 2019

A critique of algorithmic rationalisation offers at best some initial reasons and preliminary ideas. Critique is understood as a reflection on validity. It is limited to an “epistemological investigation” of the limits of the calculable or of what appears “knowable” in the mode of the algorithmic. The argumentation aims at the mathematical foundations of computer science and goes back to the so-called “foundational crisis of mathematics” at the beginning of the 20th century with the attempt to formalise concepts such as calculability, decidability and provability. The Gödel theorems and Turing’s halting problem prove to be essential for any critical approach to “algorithmic rationalisation”. Both, however, do not provide unambiguous results, at best they run towards what later became known as “Gödel’s disjunction”. The chosen path here, however, suggests the opposite way, insofar as, on the one hand, the topos of creativity appear constitutive for what can be regarded as cognitive “algorithmic rationalisation” and which encounters systematic difficulties in the evaluation of non-trivial results. On the other hand, the investigations lead to a comparison between the “mediality” of formally generated structures, which have to distinguish between object-and metalanguages, and the “volatile” differentiality of human thought, which calls for syntactically non-simulatable sense structures.
Strongly coupled, high-quality plasmonic dimer antennas fabricated using a sketch-and-peel technique
Authors: Gittinger Moritz , Höflich Katja , Smirnov Vladimir , Kollmann Heiko , Lienau Christoph , Silies Martin
Published: December 2019

A combination of helium- and gallium-ion beam milling together with a fast and reliable sketch-and-peel technique is used to fabricate gold nanorod dimer antennas with an excellent quality factor and with gap distances of less than 6 nm. The high fabrication quality of the sketch-and-peel technique compared to a conventional ion beam milling technique is proven by polarisation-resolved linear dark-field spectromicroscopy of isolated dimer antennas. We demonstrate a strong coupling of the two antenna arms for both fabrication techniques, with a quality factor of more than 14, close to the theoretical limit, for the sketch-and-peel–produced antennas compared to only 6 for the conventional fabrication process. The obtained results on the strong coupling of the plasmonic dimer antennas are supported by finite-difference time-domain simulations of the light-dimer antenna interaction. The presented fabrication technique enables the rapid fabrication of large-scale plasmonic or dielectric nanostructures arrays and metasurfaces with single-digit nanometer scale milling accuracy.
Vergleich verschiedener Methoden zur experimentellen Bestimmung der Inhomogenität von Thermoelementen
Authors: Germanow Philipp , Mehring Patrick , Neumann Herbert , Augustin Silke , Fröhlich Thomas , Krapf Gunter
Published: December 2019

Die Homogenität des Materials von Thermoelementleitungen beeinflusst die Kalibrierfähigkeit und die im Betrieb erreichbare Genauigkeit eines Thermoelementes. Eine Unstetigkeit im Thermomaterial, nachfolgend als Inhomogenität bezeichnet, wird typischerweise während des regulären Einsatzes des Thermoelementes durch mechanische, chemische und thermische Beanspruchungen ausgebildet. Um Aussagen über die dadurch entstandenen Messabweichungen treffen zu können, muss die Inhomogenität bestimmt werden. Dies ist im Allgemeinen durch zwei unterschiedliche Messverfahren möglich. Im Rahmen der Einbindung einer neuen Messmethode zur Bestimmung der Inhomogenität in einem bestehenden Kalibrierlabor wurden vergleichende Betrachtungen beider Verfahren durchgeführt. Die daraus entstandenen Versuchsanlagen für beide Methoden und die dort aufgenommenen Inhomogenitätsprofile werden im Beitrag vergleichend gegenübergestellt. Abschließend erfolgt eine Einordnung der Messverfahren anhand ihrer Zweckmäßigkeit im typischen Kalibrierprozess.
Theoretical Investigation of Perylene Diimide derivatives as Acceptors to Match with Benzodithiophene based Donors for Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , ur-Rehman Shafiq , Bibi Shamsa , Ullah Inam , Jamil Saba , Iqbal Javed , Alam Asma , Saeed Ushna , Bai Fu Quan
Published: December 2019

Optoelectronic properties of PDI derivatives (PDI-1–PDI-28) have been studied by inserting functional groups (–CN, –NO2 and –SO2) at different positions, by using DFT and TD-DFT functional at CAM-B3LYP/6-31 (d) level of theory. Absorption spectra of investigated PDI derivatives cover whole UV-Visible region which indicate that studied molecules could be used efficiently for photovoltaics. The R*(λmax – λmin) value of PDI derivatives is red shifted due to CN substitution while it resulted in slightly blue shift due to NO2 substitution. In addition, reorganization energy (λ) values found to be lowered by all substituents but more efficiently by SO2 and CN substituents. Molecular electrostatic potential surfaces and chemical reactivity indices have also been calculated to verify results. Furthermore, investigated acceptor molecules have been matched with suitable donors (based on benzo [2.1-b:3.4-b′] dithiophene derivatives D1–D5) to verify their practical efficiency. The calculated open circuit voltage (Voc) of investigated PDI derivatives is fairly high with donors D1 (0.95–1.34) and D2 (0.54–0.92). This study can be beneficial in future investigations of donor-acceptor materials for organic photovoltaic devices.
Sustainable archaeology: soothing rhetoric for an anxious institution
Authors: Hutchings Richard M. , La Salle Marina
Published: December 2019

The primary objective of sustainable archaeology is to maintain the profession of archaeology—that is, to sustain itself. An effort to rebrand the discipline as virtuous, sustainable archaeology is self-serving and reflects larger institutional anxieties around an unethical past and an uncertain future. An example of futurist rhetoric and doublespeak, sustainable archaeology exists because archaeology is unsustainable.
Toric Spines at a Site of Learning
Authors: Sanculi Daniel , Pannoni Katherine E. , Bushong Eric A. , Crump Michael , Sung Michelle , Popat Vyoma , Zaher Camilia , Hicks Emma , Song Ashley , Mofakham Nikan , Li Peining , Antzoulatos Evan G. , Fioravante Diasynou , Ellisman Mark H. , DeBello William M.
Published: December 2019

We discovered a new type of dendritic spine. It is found on space-specific neurons in the barn owl inferior colliculus, a site of experience-dependent plasticity. Connectomic analysis revealed dendritic protrusions of unusual morphology including topological holes, hence termed “toric” spines (n= 76). More significantly, presynaptic terminals converging onto individual toric spines displayed numerous active zones (up to 49) derived from multiple axons (up to 11) with incoming trajectories distributed widely throughout 3D space. This arrangement is suited to integrate input sources. Dense reconstruction of two toric spines revealed that they were unconnected with the majority (∼84%) of intertwined axons, implying a high capacity for information storage. We developed anex vivoslice preparation and provide the first published data on space-specific neuron intrinsic properties, including cellular subtypes with and without toric-like spines. We propose that toric spines are a cellular locus of sensory integration and behavioral learning.
Activation of Distinct Channelrhodopsin Variants Engages Different Patterns of Network Activity
Authors: Jun Na Young , Cardin Jessica A.
Published: December 2019

Several recently developed Channelrhodopsin (ChR) variants are characterized by rapid kinetics and reduced desensitization in comparison to the widely used ChR2. However, little is known about how varying opsin properties may regulate their interaction with local network dynamics. We compared evoked cortical activity in mice expressing three ChR variants with distinct temporal profiles under the CamKII promoter: Chronos, Chrimson, and ChR2. We assessed overall neural activation by measuring the amplitude and temporal progression of evoked spiking. Using γ-range (30–80 Hz) local field potential (LFP) power as an assay for local network engagement, we examined the recruitment of cortical network activity by each tool. All variants caused light-evoked increases in firingin vivo, but each demonstrated different temporal patterning of evoked activity. In addition, the three ChRs had distinct effects on cortical γ-band activity. Our findings suggest the properties of optogenetic tools can substantially affect their efficacyin vivo, as well their engagement of circuit resonance.
Activated CX3CL1/Smad2 Signals Prevent Neuronal Loss and Alzheimer's Tau Pathology-Mediated Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Fan Qingyuan , He Wanxia , Gayen Manoshi , Benoit Marc Robert , Luo Xiaoyang , Hu Xiangyou , Yan Riqiang
Published: December 2019

Neurofibrillary tangles likely cause neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We demonstrate that the CX3CL1 C-terminal domain can upregulate neurogenesis, which may ameliorate neurodegeneration. Here we generated transgenic (Tg-CX3CL1) mice by overexpressing CX3CL1 in neurons. Tg-CX3CL1 mice exhibit enhanced neurogenesis in both subgranular and subventricular zones. This enhanced neurogenesis correlates well with elevated expression of TGF-β2 and TGF-β3, and activation of their downstream signaling molecule Smad2. Intriguingly, the enhanced adult neurogenesis was mitigated when Smad2 expression was deleted in neurons, supporting a role for the CX3CL1–TGF-β2/3–Smad2 pathway in the control of adult neurogenesis. When Tg-CX3CL1 mice were crossed with Alzheimer's PS19 mice, which overexpress a tau P301S mutation and exhibit age-dependent neurofibrillary tangles and neurodegeneration, overexpressed CX3CL1 in both male and female mice was sufficient to rescue the neurodegeneration, increase survival time, and improve cognitive function. Hence, we providein vivoevidence that CX3CL1 is a strong activator of adult neurogenesis, and that it reduces neuronal loss and improves cognitive function in AD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study will be the first to demonstrate that enhanced neurogenesis by overexpressed CX3CL1 is mitigated by disruption of Smad2 signaling and is independent of its interaction with CX3CR1. Overexpression of CX3CL1 lengthens the life span of PS19 tau mice by enhancing adult neurogenesis while having minimal effect on tau pathology. Enhancing neuronal CX3CL1, mainly the C-terminal fragment, is a therapeutic strategy for blocking or reversing neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease or related neurodegenerative disease patients.
Association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and bone turnover in adults
Authors: Chen Yuan-Yuei , Kao Tung-Wei , Wang Chung-Ching , Wu Chen-Jung , Zhou Yi-Chao , Chen Wei-Liang
Published: December 2019

Background

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor of osteoporosis and bone fracture. Tobacco smoke contains several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Thus, we hypothesized that environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure is associated with bone loss and fracture risk. The present study examined the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and bone turnover in the general adult population.

Methods

A total of 1408 eligible participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2001–2006) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. The levels of urinary N-telopeptide and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, which are biomarkers of bone resorption and formation, respectively, were assessed. Meanwhile, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure was evaluated using the concentrations of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites. The association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposures and N-telopeptide, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels was assessed using a multivariate linear regression model.

Results

All polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites except 3-phenanthrene were significantly associated with increased N-telopeptide levels (P < 0.05) after adjustment of relevant covariables. However, no significant relationship was observed between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels. This relationship remained significant after the participants were assessed according to sex (P < 0.05). Additionally, all polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites showed a positive association with N-telopeptide levels in participants aged <60 years (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure is associated with increased bone resorption among the general adult population in the United States. Further studies must assess the potential mechanisms associated with the adverse effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on bone loss.
A Novel Site-Specific Integration System for Genetic Modification of Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Tao Fang , Zhao Kai , Zhao Qianqian , Xiang Fangzhi , Han Guomin
Published: December 2019

Aspergillus flavus is a fungus that produces aflatoxin B1, one of the most carcinogenic secondary metabolites. Understanding the regulation mechanism of aflatoxin biosynthesis in this fungus requires precise methods for genomic integration of mutant alleles. To avoid the disadvantage of DNA integration into the genome by non-homologous or ectopic recombination, we developed a novel strategy for site-specific integration of foreign DNA by using a carboxin-resistant sdh2R allele (His 249 Leu). Our results demonstrated that the transformants were generated with a high efficiency (>96%) of correct integration into the sdh2-lcus of the genome of A. flavus NRRL 3357. The advantage of this method is that introduction of the eGFP expression cassette into the sdh2-locus had little effect on fungal growth and virulence while also being rapid and efficient. This system will be a valuable tool for genetic manipulation in A. flavus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the efficient site-specific integration at the sdh2-locus in the genome of Aspergillus.
Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Compatible and Incompatible Patterns of Potato Toward Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Duan Yanfeng , Duan Shaoguang , Armstrong Miles R , Xu Jianfei , Zheng Jiayi , Hu Jun , Chen Xinwei , Hein Ingo , Li Guangcun , Jin Liping
Published: December 2019

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans), is a devastating disease in potato worldwide. Our previous study revealed that the Solanum andigena genotype 03112-233 is resistant to P. infestans isolate 90128, but susceptible to the super race isolate, CN152. In this study, we confirmed by diagnostic resistance gene enrichment sequencing (dRenSeq) that the resistance of 03112-233 toward 90128 is most likely based on a distinct new R gene(s). To gain an insight into the mechanism that governs resistance or susceptibility in 03112-223, comparative transcriptomic profiling analysis based on RNAseq was initiated. Changes in transcription at two time points (24 h and 72 h) after inoculation with isolates 90128 or CN152 were analyzed. A total of 8,881 and 7,209 genes were differentially expressed in response to 90128 and CN152, respectively, and 1,083 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were common to both time points and isolates. A substantial number of genes were differentially expressed in an isolate-specific manner with 3,837 genes showing induction or suppression following infection with 90128 and 2,165 genes induced or suppressed after colonization by CN152. Hierarchical clustering analysis suggested that isolates with different virulence profiles can induce different defense responses at different time points. Further analysis revealed that the compatible interaction caused higher induction of susceptibility genes such as SWEET compared with the incompatible interaction. The salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid mediated signaling pathways were involved in the response against both isolates, while ethylene and brassinosteroids mediated defense pathways were suppressed. Our results provide a valuable resource for understanding the interactions between P. infestans and potato.
Quantitative Genomic Dissection of Soybean Yield Components
Authors: Xavier Alencar , Rainey Katy M
Published: December 2019

Soybean is a crop of major economic importance with low rates of genetic gains for grain yield compared to other field crops. A deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of yield components may enable better ways to tackle the breeding challenges. Key yield components include the total number of pods, nodes and the ratio pods per node. We evaluated the SoyNAM population, containing approximately 5600 lines from 40 biparental families that share a common parent, in 6 environments distributed across 3 years. The study indicates that the yield components under evaluation have low heritability, a reasonable amount of epistatic control, and partially oligogenic architecture: 18 quantitative trait loci were identified across the three yield components using multi-approach signal detection. Genetic correlation between yield and yield components was highly variable from family-to-family, ranging from -0.2 to 0.5. The genotype-by-environment correlation of yield components ranged from -0.1 to 0.4 within families. The number of pods can be utilized for indirect selection of yield. The selection of soybean for enhanced yield components can be successfully performed via genomic prediction, but the challenging data collections necessary to recalibrate models over time makes the introgression of QTL a potentially more feasible breeding strategy. The genomic prediction of yield components was relatively accurate across families, but less accurate predictions were obtained from within family predictions and predicting families not observed included in the calibration set.
La Convención sobre los Humedales -Ramsar-
Authors: Astrálaga Magarita
Published: December 2019

No disponible/Not available
Alfabetización ambiental ante el coma de la educación ambiental
Authors: González Edgar
Published: December 2019

No disponible/Not available
Educación para una cultura de paz, democracia y desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Brenes Abelardo
Published: December 2019

No disponible/Not available
Amenazas a aves de los bosques nubosos de Costa Rica
Authors: Moreno Luisa
Published: December 2019

No disponible/Not available
Abundancia, descuido y crisis del agua en Costa Rica
Authors: Mata Alfonso
Published: December 2019

No disponible/Not available
Acceso a agua potable en Costa Rica
Authors: Valverde Ricardo
Published: December 2019

No disponible/Not available
¿Qué es el sistema urbano ambiental en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano?
Authors: Carazo Esteban
Published: December 2019

No disponible/Not available
Una mirada a los recreos escolares: El sentir y pensar de los niños y niñas
Authors: Chaves Álvarez Ana Lucía
Published: December 2019

Recibido 29 de noviembre de 2012 •  Corregido 25 de febrero de 2013 • Aceptado 13 de marzo de 2013

En el Instituto de Estudios Interdisciplinarios de la Niñez y la Adolescencia (INEINA) surge la preocupación y el interés por investigar y analizar a fondo qué es lo que está ocurriendo en relación con los recreos en las escuelas públicas del país, y qué es lo que niños y niñas escolares requieren para este momento de esparcimiento, todo esto a la luz de las opiniones de esta población infantil. Este artículo sintetiza la investigación realizada con un grupo de niños y niñas en torno a la temática del recreo, con el fin de dar a conocer las percepciones de la población infantil participante y, a la vez plantear, posibles estrategias que contribuyan a mejorar y fortalecer el recreo en la escuela.
La educación ambiental rural desde las escuelas básicas y por estas
Authors: Martínez Pacheco Martha Isabel , Carballo Carrillo Lisa
Published: December 2019

Recibido 28 de mayo de 2012 • Corregido 08 de marzo de 2013 • Aceptado 13 de marzo de 2013

En el presente artículo, basado en los contextos nicaragüenses y beliceños, abordamos la necesidad de una educación ambiental del estudiantado de primaria, para garantizar que esta generación joven viva en armonía con la naturaleza, lo cual dependerá de sus prácticas sanas para proteger el planeta. Pretendemos, entonces, despertar el interés del personal docente para que, de una forma organizada, planificada y consciente, construya estrategias pedagógicas ambientalistas, con el propósito de lograr que sus estudiantes tengan una conciencia fortalecida en amor a su cultura y a su comunidad, y que aspiren a vivir en hogares limpios, para, así, prosperar en convivencia, en cultura material, espiritual, en economía y en desarrollo.
Canon literario escolar y enseñanza de la literatura en la educación media: Un análisis crítico de los programas de enseñanza secundaria en El Salvador
Authors: Aguilar Ciciliano Mauricio
Published: December 2019

Recibido 20 de marzo de 2013 • Corregido 14 de junio de 2013 • Aceptado 19 de junio de 2013

Este artículo analiza el modelo didáctico-pedagógico para la enseñanza de la literatura en la educación media salvadoreña. Es parte de un trabajo más amplio de tesis doctoral. El objetivo es caracterizar el proceso histórico de conformación de dicho modelo mediante un análisis crítico de las fuentes de canonización. Los hallazgos sugieren que la enseñanza de la literatura se realiza con base en un enfoque historicista, europeizante y masculino; entre las consecuencias de este tipo de enseñanza se encuentran la progresiva invisibilización de la mujer escritora y el estatus marginal que ocupa la literatura salvadoreña, pese al discurso reformista que postula la equidad de género y el fortalecimiento de la identidad nacional como políticas centrales del actual proyecto educativo.

Doctor en Educación de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Máster en Derechos Humanos y Educación para la Paz. Licenciado en Letras. Investigador del Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas de la Universidad de El Salvador (CIC-UES). Actualmente labora como profesor de la Universidad de El Salvador, sede Facultad Multidisciplinaria de Occidente, Departamento de Santa Ana, en donde es catedrático de Teoría Literaria y Literatura Salvadoreña. Autor del Libro Las Huellas del delirio. Novela salvadoreña de posguerra.
La afectividad en el aula preescolar: Reflexiones desde la práctica profesional docente
Authors: Villalobos González Carmen María
Published: December 2019

Recibido 6 de julio de 2013 •  Corregido 24 de octubre de 2013 • Aceptado 6 de noviembre de 2013Este ensayo reflexiona acerca de las experiencias  docentes que  permiten trascender en la niñez que se atiende y crecer como persona y como profesional. La autora aborda el tema de la afectividad positiva hacia el estudiantado, lo que permite en los niños y las niñas el ajuste emocional y la consecuente promoción de deseos de aprender, de asistir a clases y las buenas relaciones sociales con sus iguales; en el personal docente, confianza y una fuerte autoestima. Se enfatiza en quien educa debe  dar un buen trato a sus estudiantes, conocer su entorno familiar, suplir las carencias afectivas –si las hubiera– y mostrar empatía  hacia ellos. En síntesis, se motiva al personal docente a privilegiar las relaciones afectivas en su práctica pedagógica. También la  autora incluye algunas experiencias derivadas de su práctica profesional, donde la afectividad hacia el niño fue esencial.
Factores asociados al rendimiento académico tomando en cuenta el nivel socioeconómico: Estudio de regresión múltiple en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Garbanzo Vargas Guiselle María
Published: December 2019

Recibido 15 de julio de 2013 • Corregido 9 de octubre de 2013 • Aceptado 1 de diciembre de 2013La autora sistematiza una investigación cuantitativa sobre los factores asociados al rendimiento académico desde el nivel socioeconómico en estudiantes universitarios en la Universidad de Costa Rica; analiza, mediante modelos de regresión múltiple, los factores asociados  al rendimiento académico en estudiantes que por su condición socioeconómica se les asignó la máxima categoría de beca y estudiantes que no solicitaron beca por esta condición de carreras de alta y baja demanda de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Se ofrece un marco explicativo sobre el tema, así como insumos para la gestión de la educación superior pública. Se evidencia entre los principales hallazgos que el rendimiento académico es un fenómeno altamente complejo y multicausal, así como se resaltan los principales factores institucionales, pedagógicos y psicosociales que se asocian al rendimiento académico tomando en cuenta el componente socioeconómico.
Bienestar psicológico, espiritualidad en el trabajo y percepción subjetiva de la salud en personal académico y administrativo de la Universidad Nacional
Authors: Ureña Bonilla Pedro , Barrantes Brais Kristy , Solís Bastos Laura
Published: December 2019

Recibido 01 de abril de 2013 • Corregido 24 de setiembre de 2013 • Aceptado 01 de octubre de 2013El propósito de este estudio fue describir y determinar  la relación entre  bienestar psicológico, espiritualidad en el trabajo y percepción de la salud en funcionarios de la Universidad Nacional. Se contó con la participación de 397 mujeres y 258 hombres (n=655). La recolección de datos se hizo mediante la escala de bienestar psicológico, un cuestionario de autopercepción de la salud y la escala de espiritualidad en el trabajo. Se encontraron valores altos en propósito de vida (6,08±1,08),  auto-aceptación (5,96 ± 1,06), funcionamiento social (2,47 ±0,37), significado del trabajo (5,95 ±0,89) y vida interior (5,81 ± 1,09). Los valores promedio más bajos se registraron en las dimensiones relaciones interpersonales (3, 78 ± 0,87),  autonomía  (3,91 ± 0,83)  y  dominio del entorno  (4,63 ±0,75). Asimismo, se registraron correlaciones significativas entre las dimensiones del bienestar psicológico, la percepción de la salud y la espiritualidad. En conclusión, es importante considerar los aspectos subjetivos en el bienestar de los trabajadores y las trabajadoras y señalar áreas donde es preciso intervenir para  promover una universidad saludable.
Competencias lingüísticas de docentes de párvulos. Un análisis del discurso conversacional de profesionales de la Junta Nacional de Jardines Infantiles
Authors: Pérez Lisboa Sandra Ruperta
Published: December 2019

Recibido 02 de junio de 2013 • Corregido 27 de setiembre de 2013 • Aceptado 01 de octubre de 2013Las competencias lingüísticas de docentes de párvulos son un referente continuo en el desarrollo del lenguaje de niñas y niños. Esto, porque son un modelo, debido a que utilizan constantemente la comunicación oral para trabajar, jugar o dar instrucciones. En relación con esta premisa, esta investigación tiene por objetivo analizar las competencias lingüísticas de un grupo de educadoras de párvulos del nivel transición menor.  Con base en la observación de docentes que trabajan en la Junta Nacional de Jardines Infantiles –de la zona poniente de la provincia de Santiago–, se realizó un estudio relativo al discurso conversacional de las profesionales. Se plantea que la posesión de mayores competencias lingüísticas, por parte de educadores, favorece el desarrollo del lenguaje oral de los párvulos.
Vonoprazan-Based Triple-Therapy Could Improve Efficacy of the Tailored Therapy of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Shinmura Tetsuya , Adachi Kazunori , Yamaguchi Yoshiharu , Izawa Shinya , Hijikata Yasutaka , Ebi Masahide , Funaki Yasushi , Ogasawara Naotaka , Sasaki Makoto , Kasugai Kunio
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims: The prevalence of clarithromycin resistant bacteria is increasing, and the effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) triple therapy is gradually decreasing in Japan. Vonoprazan, a potassiumcompetitive acid blocker, has been reported for its effectiveness in eradicating H. pylori. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tailored vonoprazan-based triple therapy in patients with H. pylori. This study is the first to compare the efficacy of vonoprazan-based tailored triple therapy to that of vonoprazan-based conventional therapy.

Method: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the treatment efficacy in 920 patients. Of these, 541 received conventional and 379 received tailored therapy. Successful eradication was confirmed by a negative 13C-urea breath test 6–8 weeks following completion of H. pylori eradication therapy, and the data were evaluated using the Chi-square test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.

Results: The eradication rate of tailored therapy was 90% and 96.3% by intent-to-treat analysis and per protocol analysis, respectively, which was significantly higher than the 85% and 90.2% found for conventional therapy (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Amoxicillin- or clarithromycin-resistant bacteria did not affect treatment outcomes. By univariate and multivariate analysis, both amoxicillin- and clarithromycin-resistant bacteria and conventional therapy were detected as risk factors for eradication failure (odds ratio = 6.267, 95% CI [1.056–119.924], p < 0.05, and odd ratio =3.113, 95% confidence interval [1.688–6.160], p < 0.001, by multivariate analysis).

Conclusion: Vonoprazan-based triple therapy could be a more effective treatment for H. pylori infection than conventional therapy when combined with a therapy regimen tailored according to bacterial antibiotic susceptibility.
Mast Cells in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Krammer Luisa , Sowa Anna Sergeevna , Lorentz Axel
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims: As mast cells (MC) serve as a link between mucosal immune activity and the nervous system, it is likely they also play a role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This connection might be an important factor in the development of IBS-related symptoms.

Method: This overview comprises 36 case-control studies published from 2000 to 2018 that investigated MC in bowel biopsies of IBS patients and controls. The studies were selected from PubMed, EMBASE, Central, SemanticScholar by an electronic search, performed using RISMed R package.

Results: Significantly increased mucosal MC counts/or density in IBS patients compared to controls was observed in 30 studies. Five studies reported no differences and only one of the studies found a decreased amount of MC in an IBS patient. Furthermore, 15 studies made a statement regarding the correlation between the amount of MC and IBS associated symptoms. A significant positive correlation between MC count and IBS-associated symptoms was found in six investigations. A negative correlation was not reported.

Conclusion: The results support the idea that MC are involved in IBS pathophysiology as key players in the interplay between psychological factors and the frequency and severity of IBS symptoms.
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Neoplasia of the Greater Curvature of the Upper and Middle Stomach: J-shaped Superficial Cutting and Splashed Dissection
Authors: Nishiyama Noriko , Kobara Hideki , Fujihara Shintaro , Koduka Kazuhiro , Chiyo Taiga , Kobayashi Nobuya , Fujita Kouji , Ayaki Maki , Yachida Tatsuo , Tani Joji , Shi Tingting , Okano Keiichi , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Mori Hirohito , Masaki Tsutomu
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become a standard treatment for early gastric neoplasia. However, as the upper and middle body of the greater curvature has a rich vasculature and submucosal fibrosis, ESD of neoplasia in these locations requires a specific strategy. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of the J-shaped superficial cutting and splashed submucosal dissection (JSCS) technique for neoplasia of the greater curvature by comparing ESD using JSCS with conventional ESD.

Methods: Twenty-two patients who underwent ESD for gastric neoplasia affecting the upper and middle body of the greater curvature were divided into two groups for retrospective analysis. Nine patients underwent conventional ESD (c-Group), while 13 underwent ESD with JSCS (j-Group). Primary outcome was the en bloc resection rate. Secondary outcomes included complete resection (R0) rate, procedure time, perforation rate, total bleeding time, and the total number of massive bleeding events and of hemostatic forceps times applied during ESD. Results: There were no significant differences between both groups (c-Group vs j-Group) in en bloc resection rate, or R0 resection rate. Compared with the c-Group, the j-Group tended to have a decreased mean procedure time (mean 133 minutes vs 74 minutes, p=0.11) and perforation rate (11% vs 0%, p=0.41). Compared with the c-Group, the j-Group had significantly fewer bleeding incidents (13.4 times vs 6.6 times, p=0.0095), shorter total bleeding time (17.6 min vs 7.4 min, p=0.036), and fewer usages of hemostatic forceps (6.3 times vs 2.4 times, p=0.026) during ESD.

Conclusion: Endoscopic submucosal dissection with JSCS is superior to conventional ESD, as it reduces intraprocedural bleeding. This technique has the potential to become the standard strategy for neoplasia affecting the upper and middle body of the greater curvature.
Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis associated with Glu89Gln Mutation
Authors: Nakov Radislav , Sarafov Stayko , Nakov Ventsislav , Gospodinova Mariana , Todorov Tihomir , Kirov Andrey , Todorova Albena , Tournev Ivailo
Published: December 2019

Aims: In the current study we aimed to explore the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations in hereditary transthyretin amyloid (hATTR) amyloidosis associated with Glu89Gln mutation.

Methods: We recruited 78 patients with hATTR amyloidosis associated with Glu89Gln mutation. The diagnosis of hATTR was defined by a documented transthyretin mutation through DNA analysis. Symptoms were recorded as present or absent at the time of enrollment into the study. The gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms checklist included the following items: early satiety, nausea, vomiting, constipation, alternating diarrhea/ constipation, diarrhea, fecal incontinence and unintentional weight loss.

Results: Forty-two patients (53.8%) reported at least one GI symptom or sign. Diarrhea was the most frequently reported (30.8%), followed by unintentional weight loss (28.2%) and nausea (21.8%). Fecal incontinence (3.8%) was the least common one. No significant gender related difference in overall GI symptom prevalence was found (females 52.16%, males 55%, p = 0.834). Type of disease onset was not related to GI prevalence (earlyonset 50%, late-onset 55.6%, p=0.650). After dividing the patients into groups with a disease duration of <5 years, 5–10 years and >10 years, respectively, the prevalence of GI symptoms was found to be significantly higher in later stages (26.3% vs. 55.0% vs. 78.9%, p = 0.005; OR 2.450, 95% CI 1.084-5.538). Gastrointestinal manifestations had no impact on survival (p=0.193).

Conclusions: Gastrointestinal manifestations are very common in hATTR patients with Glu89Gln mutation and increase with disease duration. They are not associated with gender and onset of the disease and have no impact on patient survival. These results highlight the importance of a thorough evaluation of the GI function in patients with ATTR amyloidosis and should stimulate further studies on the phenotypic differences related to genotype and geographic origin.
Multivalvular Disease: Percutaneous Management in 2019 and Beyond
Authors: Erlebach Magdalena , Lange Rüdiger
Published: December 2019

Patients with multivalvular disease (MVD) are common and often present with heterogeneous valve defects. Evaluation is complicated by interactions among various valve pathologies. Trials and guidelines focus primarily on single-valve disease, providing few recommendations for the treatment of patients with MVD. This article provides an insight into percutaneous treatment possibilities for this heterogeneous patient population.
The Value of Intracoronary Imaging and Coronary Physiology When Treating Calcified Lesions
Authors: Ueki Yasushi , Otsuka Tatsuhiko , Hibi Kiyoshi , Räber Lorenz
Published: December 2019

Heavily calcified coronary artery lesions hinder the delivery of devices and limit stent expansion, resulting in low procedural success and poor clinical outcomes driven by an increase in restenosis and stent thrombosis. Intracoronary imaging provides a more precise assessment of lesions and is a critical step when deciding whether the lesion needs to be prepared with atherectomy devices. Physiological assessment of lesion significance is an important consideration to avoid unnecessary stenting. This article summarises the current data on the value of intracoronary imaging and functional assessment for coronary calcified lesions and suggests a treatment strategy based on the findings of intracoronary imaging findings.
The Coronary Intravascular Lithotripsy System
Authors: Natalia Maria , Forero Tovar , Daemen Joost
Published: December 2019

Calcified lesions often mean percutaneous intervention results are suboptimal and increase the risk of procedural complications and future adverse events. Available plaque-modifying devices rely on tissue compression or debulking, with the intention of fracturing calcium and facilitating optimal stent deployment. In contrast, coronary intravascular lithotripsy delivers unfocused, circumferential, pulsatile mechanical energy to safely disrupt the calcium within the target lesion. The present review summarises the evidence available so far on this therapy and includes a practical description of the components and function of the Shockwave Intravascular Lithotripsy System (Shockwave Medical).
A set of red deer canine imitations from the Iron Age necropolis at Valea Stânii (Argeş County, Romania)
Authors: Măndescu Dragoş , Constantinescu Mihai , Mărgărit Monica
Published: December 2019

Red deer canine ornaments have been known since the Upper Paleolithic as symbolic markers of the status of the possessor. A recent discovery made at the Iron Age cremation necropolis of Valea Stânii (Romania) probably provides the latest prehistoric occurence of this type of personal ornament. This find was part of the grave goods in the burial in barrow no. 4, a double grave (an adult woman and a subadult individual of unidentified sex). Among the cremated bones of the subadult individual were 16 personal adornments made of red deer antler, imitating red deer canines. Most likely, the ornaments were sewn on the funeral clothes. Such imitations of red deer canines indicate the transmission of certain cultural traditions, perhaps related to prestige and representation, over the millennia until the end of the Iron Age in Eastern Europe.
Fuel efficiency drives the auto industry to reduce vehicle weight
Authors: Robinson Arthur L. , Taub Alan I. , Keoleian Gregory A.
Published: December 2019

In this age of global warming, the automotive industry is seeking to minimize the energy required to manufacture and operate its products without sacrificing performance and safety or increasing cost. Toward this end, whether cars and trucks are powered by internal-combustion engines or batteries, lowering vehicle weight is a major contributor to reducing energy consumption by increasing fuel efficiency. “The industry is driven by fuel efficiency,” said David Matlock of the Colorado School of Mines, who has helped develop advanced high-strength steels (AHSSs) used in autos.
ÇEVRE DOSTU ÜRÜN SATIN ALMA NİYETİNDE ALGILANAN KALİTE, ALGILANAN RİSK VE GÜVENİN ROLÜ
Authors: BOZBAY Zehra , GÜLEÇ Melike , ZULFUGAROVA Nargiz
Published: December 2019

Son yıllarda tüketicilerin satın alma davranışlarında
yaşanan çevreci eğilimler işletmeler için çevre dostu ürün üretmeyi ve
pazarlamayı önemli hale getirmiştir. Farklılaşmak isteyen ve tüketicilerin
çevre dostu ürün satın almaya yönelik değerlerine önem veren işletmeler için
yeşil pazarlama önemli bir konu haline gelmiştir. Literatürde yeşil pazarlamaya
yönelik çalışmalar artsa da bu çalışmaların tüketici değerleri, güven,
algılanan kalite ve risk kavramlarını bir arada ele almadığı görülmektedir.
Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada hem yeşil pazarlama literatürüne katkı yapmak hem de
işletmelere çevreci uygulamalarında önemli olabilecek hususları belirlemek
amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada tüketicilerin çevre dostu ürün satın alma niyeti ve
davranışında duygusal ve çevresel değerin, algılanan kalitenin, algılanan riskin
ve özellikle de bu çevre dostu ürünlere yönelik güvenin önemi araştırılmıştır. Yapılan
çalışmada yüz yüze anket yöntemi kullanılmış olup İstanbul il merkezinde
yaşayan, çevre dostu elektronik ürün
satın almış 210 katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre tüketiciler
için çevre dostu ürün satın almada bu ürünlere yönelik algılanan kalite ve
güvenin etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, duygusal değerin çevre dostu
ürünlere yönelik algılanan kalite yaratmada etkili olduğu, algılanan kalitenin
de güven üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
KİMLİK, MİLLİYETÇİLİK VE YURTTAŞLIK EKSENİNDE SINIRLAR: MURATLI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÖZBEY Kerem
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışma, sınırların kimlik, milliyetçilik ve
yurttaşlıkla olan ilişkisini anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Sınırların kimlik ifade
etmede nasıl bir rol ve işleve sahip olduğu, milliyetçi ve devletçi kimliklerin
sınırlar üzerinden nasıl kurgulandığı, ulus-devletin yurttaşlık tasarımında
sınırlara nasıl bir anlam yüklendiği ve sınır güvenliğinin sağlanmasında
sınırda yaşayanların nerede yer aldıkları, bu çalışmanın temel sorunsalını
oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye-Gürcistan sınırında bulunan Muratlı
köyündeki 6 kişi ile nitel araştırma yöntemi kapsamında derinlemesine
görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, sınırların kimlik ifade etme araçlarından
biri olduğu, sınırda yaşayanların aidiyet duygusunun oluşmasına katkı sunduğu,
onların sahip olduğu toplumsal değerleri çerçevelediği ve toplumlararası
ilişkileri düzenlediği görülmüştür. Kimlik inşasının tanımlayıcı ve tamamlayıcı
unsurlarından olan sınırlar, sınırda yaşayanların milliyetçi ve devletçi
kimliklerinin kurgulanmasını sağlamasının yanı sıra bu kimliklerin başlangıç ve
bitiş noktalarını da belirlemesi nedeniyle orada yaşayanlar tarafından
sınırlara kutsallık özelliğinin atfedildiği anlaşılmıştır. Dahası, sınırların,
ulus-devletin yurttaşlık tasarımının sacayaklarından birini oluşturduğu ve
sınır bölgesinde yaşayanların kanunlara saygılı ve bağlı, sınırları koruyan ve
devletin sınırlarına sadakat gösteren bir yurttaşlık kimliğini oluşturduğu
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sınır güvenliği konusunda, devletin yanı sıra sınır
bölgesinde yaşayan halkın da sınırın korunmasından kendilerini sorumlu
tuttukları ve sınırı korumak amacıyla kendilerini devletin sınır muhafızları
olarak gördükleri sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Söz konusu sonuçlar, sınırların,
kimliklerle, daha özelde ise milliyetçilik, devletçilik ve yurttaşlık
kimlikleriyle iç içe geçen özellikler taşıdığını göstermektedir.
La Guardia Nacional y la militarización de la seguridad pública en México
Authors: Hernández Gerardo , Romero-Arias Carlos-Alfonso
Published: December 2019

La amenaza que representa la inseguridad pública en América Latina ha conllevado que muchos de los gobiernos asolados por ella recurran a las políticas de militarización. En el caso de México, el gobierno creó la Guardia Nacional para pacificar el país. El objetivo del artículo es responder la pregunta ¿por qué, pese a los argumentos y posturas de diferentes actores nacionales e internacionales, la Administración Federal en México (2018-2024) decidió crear una Guardia Nacional para combatir y reducir los índices de violencia? El estudio emplea un método explicativo y utiliza información del Banco Mundial, el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI), el Fórum Brasileño de Seguridad Pública, World Prision Brief, el Índice de Paz Global, y el Secretariado Ejecutivo del Sistema Nacional de Seguridad Pública (SESNSP). La teoría de las políticas públicas en democracia permite explicar la importancia del desarrollo de esta última para comprender el diseño y los resultados de las primeras. Se toman como referencia los casos de Brasil y Colombia, países que han recurrido a estrategias de militarización (pero con resultados distintos), donde la variable ha sido el gasto militar. En ese ámbito, México está muy por debajo de los dos países aludidos.
Abstract
The threat posed by public insecurity in Latin America has led many of the governments affected by this problem to resort to militarization policies. In the case of Mexico, the government created the National Guard to pacify the country. The purpose of this article is to answer the question why, despite the arguments and positions of different national and international actors, the Federal Administration in Mexico (2018-2024) decided to create a National Guard to combat and reduce the rates of violence? The study uses an explanatory method and bases on information from the World Bank, the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), the Brazilian Public Security Forum, the World Prision Brief, the Global Peace Index, and the Executive Secretariat of the National Public Security System (SESNSP). The theory of public policies in democracy allows to explain the importance of the development of the latter to understand the design and results of the former. The cases of Brazil and Colombia, countries that have resorted to militarization strategies (but with different results), where the variable has been military spending, are taken as reference. In that area, Mexico is well below the two countries mentioned.
Reconceptualizando la relación entre tecnología, instituciones y guerra
Authors: Ocón Alfredo-Leandro , Da Ponte Aureliano
Published: December 2019

El estudio de la guerra y la capacidad de generar categorías o tipologías inmunes a la crítica ha sido un desafío histórico en el que persisten importantes debates. El presente artículo, de carácter cualitativo descriptivo, presenta un análisis histórico conceptual que indaga sobre la interacción entre la tecnología y las instituciones, así como su impacto en la forma de hacer la guerra, a fin de distinguir las condiciones estructurales de aquellas contingentes. La hipótesis planteada es que las convenciones y la tecnología son dimensiones estructurantes en cuanto a las opciones estratégicas de los actores al momento del choque de intereses. Como resultado, se evidencian factores que hacen novedosa la praxis de la guerra, pero en esencia se mantienen rasgos distintivos permanentes, más allá de la coyuntura histórica.
Abstract
The study of war and the ability to generate categories or typologies immune to criticism has been a historic challenge in which important debates persist. This qualitative article presents a conceptual historical analysis of the interaction between technology and institutions, and their impact on the way of making war, aiming to differentiate the structural conditions from those of a contingent nature. The hypothesis stated is that conventionality and technology are structuring dimensions in terms of the strategic options of the actors at the time of the clash of interests. The results show factors that make the practice of war novel, but some permanent distinctive features beyond the historical juncture are essentially maintained.