bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kazimir Malevich’s Negative Theology and Mystical Suprematism
Authors: Sakhno Irina
Published: July 2021

This article examines Kazimir Malevich’s Suprematist art in the context of negative (apophatic) theology, as a crucial tool in analyzing both the artist’s theoretical conclusions and his new visual optics. Our analysis rests on the point that the artist intuitively moved towards recognizing the ineffability of the multidimensional universe and perceiving God as the Spiritual Absolute. In his attempt to see the invisible in the formulas of Emptiness and Nothingness, Malevich turned to the primary forms of geometric abstraction—the square, circle and cross—which he endows with symbolic concepts and meanings. Malevich treats his Suprematism as a method of perceiving the ineffability of the Absolute. With the Black Square seen as a face of God, the patterns of negative theology rise to become the philosophical formula of primary importance. Malevich’s Mystical Suprematism series (1920–1922) confirms the presence of complex metaphysical reflection and apophatic thought in his art. Not only does the series contain icon paraphrases and the Christian symbolism of the cross and mandorla, but it also advances the formulas of the apophatic faith of the modern times, since Suprematism presents primary forms as the universals of “the face of the future” and the energy of the non-objective art.
Sentinel-1 Time Series for Crop Identification in the Framework of the Future CAP Monitoring
Authors: Beriaux Emilie , Jago Alban , Lucau-Danila Cozmin , Planchon Viviane , Defourny Pierre
Published: July 2021

In this upcoming Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform, the use of satellite imagery is taking an increasing role for improving the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS). Considering the operational aspect of the CAP monitoring process, the use of Sentinel-1 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images is highly relevant, especially in regions with a frequent cloud cover, such as Belgium. Indeed, SAR imagery does not depend on sunlight and is barely affected by the presence of clouds. Moreover, the SAR signal is particularly sensitive to the geometry and the water content of the target. Crop identification is often a pre-requisite to monitor agriculture at parcel level (ploughing, harvest, grassland mowing, intercropping, etc.) The main goal of this study is to assess the performances and constraints of a SAR-based crop classification in an operational large-scale application. The Random Forest object-oriented classification model is built on Sentinel-1 time series from January to August 2020 only. It can identify crops in the Walloon Region (south part of Belgium) with high performance: 93.4% of well-classified area, representing 88.4% of the parcels. Among the 48 crop groups, the six most represented ones get a F1-score higher or equal to 84%. Additionally, this research documents how the classification performance is affected by different parameters: the SAR orbit, the size of the training dataset, the use of different internal buffers on parcel polygons before signal extraction, the set of explanatory variables, and the period of the time series. In an operational context, this allows to choose the right balance between classification accuracy and model complexity. A key result is that using a training dataset containing only 3.2% of the total number of parcels allows to correctly classify 91.7% of the agricultural area. The impact of rain and snow is also discussed. Finally, this research analyses how the classification accuracy depends on some characteristics of the parcels like their shape or size. This allows to assess the relevance of the classification depending on those characteristics, as well as to identify a subset of parcels for which the global accuracy is higher.
Underwater Survey for Oil and Gas Industry: A Review of Close Range Optical Methods
Authors: Chemisky Bertrand , Menna Fabio , Nocerino Erica , Drap Pierre
Published: July 2021

In both the industrial and scientific fields, the need for very high-resolution cartographic data is constantly increasing. With the aging of offshore subsea assets, it is very important to plan and maintain the longevity of structures, equipment, and systems. Inspection, maintenance, and repair (IMR) of subsea structures are key components of an overall integrity management system that aims to reduce the risk of failure and extend the life of installations. The acquisition of very detailed data during the inspection phase is a technological challenge, especially since offshore installations are sometimes deployed in extreme conditions (e.g., depth, hydrodynamics, visibility). After a review of high resolution mapping techniques for underwater environment, this article will focus on optical sensors that can satisfy the requirements of the offshore industry by assessing their relevance and degree of maturity. These requirements concern the resolution and accuracy but also cost, ease of implementation, and qualification. With the evolution of embedded computing resources, in-vehicle optical survey solutions are becoming increasingly important in the landscape of large-scale mapping solutions and more and more off-the-shelf systems are now available. The issues raised in this review are mainly related to the qualification of the results produced by optical systems and their limitations to cover all the needs expressed by the oil and gas industry field. Interesting qualification works of these solutions are presented in this paper as well as the use of online processing tools such as visual odometry or VSLAM to guide the data acquisition and pre-qualified survey. Finally, it seems interesting to combine acoustic and optical technologies in order to extend the field of application of these methods to low visibility conditions, which remains one of the main limiting factors in the generalization of the use of optical sensors in high resolution underwater cartography applications.
Evaluation of Five Deep Learning Models for Crop Type Mapping Using Sentinel-2 Time Series Images with Missing Information
Authors: Zhao Hongwei , Duan Sibo , Liu Jia , Sun Liang , Reymondin Louis
Published: July 2021

Accurate crop type maps play an important role in food security due to their widespread applicability. Optical time series data (TSD) have proven to be significant for crop type mapping. However, filling in missing information due to clouds in optical imagery is always needed, which will increase the workload and the risk of error transmission, especially for imagery with high spatial resolution. The development of optical imagery with high temporal and spatial resolution and the emergence of deep learning algorithms provide solutions to this problem. Although the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and gate recurrent unit (GRU) models have been used to classify crop types in previous studies, their ability to identify crop types using optical TSD with missing information needs to be further explored due to their different mechanisms for handling invalid values in TSD. In this research, we designed two groups of experiments to explore the performances and characteristics of the 1D CNN, LSTM, GRU, LSTM-CNN, and GRU-CNN models for crop type mapping using unfilled Sentinel-2 (Sentinel-2) TSD and to discover the differences between unfilled and filled Sentinel-2 TSD based on the same algorithm. A case study was conducted in Hengshui City, China, of which 70.3% is farmland. The results showed that the 1D CNN, LSTM-CNN, and GRU-CNN models achieved acceptable classification accuracies (above 85%) using unfilled TSD, even though the total missing rate of the sample values was 43.5%; these accuracies were higher and more stable than those obtained using filled TSD. Furthermore, the models recalled more samples on crop types with small parcels when using unfilled TSD. Although LSTM and GRU models did not attain accuracies as high as the other three models using unfilled TSD, their results were almost close to those with filled TSD. This research showed that crop types could be identified by deep learning features in Sentinel-2 dense time series images with missing information due to clouds or cloud shadows randomly, which avoided spending a lot of time on missing information reconstruction.
Detail Information Prior Net for Remote Sensing Image Pansharpening
Authors: Xie Yuchen , Wu Wei , Yang Haiping , Wu Ning , Shen Ying
Published: July 2021

Pansharpening, which fuses the panchromatic (PAN) band with multispectral (MS) bands to obtain an MS image with spatial resolution of the PAN images, has been a popular topic in remote sensing applications in recent years. Although the deep-learning-based pansharpening algorithm has achieved better performance than traditional methods, the fusion extracts insufficient spatial information from a PAN image, producing low-quality pansharpened images. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel progressive PAN-injected fusion method based on superresolution (SR). The network extracts the detail features of a PAN image by using two-stream PAN input; uses a feature fusion unit (FFU) to gradually inject low-frequency PAN features, with high-frequency PAN features added after subpixel convolution; uses a plain autoencoder to inject the extracted PAN features; and applies a structural similarity index measure (SSIM) loss to focus on the structural quality. Experiments performed on different datasets indicate that the proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art pansharpening methods in both visual appearance and objective indexes, and the SSIM loss can help improve the pansharpened quality on the original dataset.
Design of a Generic Virtual Measurement Workflow for Processing Archived Point Cloud of Trees and Its Implementation of Light Condition Measurements on Stems
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Zheng Jun , Zhao Yao , Wang Jia , Schmullius Christiane
Published: July 2021

Virtual measurement workflow (VMW) was a generic data mining method developed in this study. It was used to extract tree information from archived point clouds under limited conditions by applying virtual measurements in virtual reality. As an example of how to use VMW for a specific topic, the VMW implementation of light condition measurement was further developed. This implementation could measure the temporal and spatial distribution of sunlight on virtual trees (stems). The output was expected as a new type of raw measurement data for tree morphology and phycological studies. At a single tree scale, it facilitated the quantitative interpretation of the growth strategy of branches. By measuring a single tree, it was found that only 4.34% of the stem surface could be illuminated throughout the day (8 h). Meanwhile, 35.87% of the stem surfaces were exposed to sunlight for less than one hour a day. A further mathematical processing of the output, i.e., γ (a ratio between relative area of triangles and relative quantities of triangles in each exposure duration group) improved the sensitivity of identifying differences in lighting conditions. Furthermore, we measured virtual trees of four species from an additional data source using a standardized setting. These include the sessile oak, gemu tree, Masson’s pine, and cherry tree. It was found that the shape of the crown was also significant for the distribution of solar energy on stems. For instance, the gemu tree had a cylindrical tree crown with narrow tree skeleton. A percentage of 10.38 of the surface on the gemu tree was illuminated throughout the day (8 h). The Masson’s pine had similar height and DBH with the gemu tree. However, the elliptical tree crown of the Masson’s pines prevented more lights. The area on the stem that was exposed to sunlight (8 h) dropped from 10.38% to 5.71%. This good differentiation of different crown structures might help this VMW implementation to continue to develop as a tool for identifying the effect of various crown shapes on radiosity for different tree species. The successful development of this VMW implementation had several practical applications for tree studies. Meanwhile, it demonstrated the overall feasibility of VMW and provided a paradigm for further development of other VMW implementations.
Comparison of Feature Extraction Methods for Physiological Signals for Heat-Based Pain Recognition
Authors: Gouverneur Philip , Li Frédéric , Adamczyk Wacław M. , Szikszay Tibor M. , Luedtke Kerstin , Grzegorzek Marcin
Published: July 2021

While even the most common definition of pain is under debate, pain assessment has remained the same for decades. But the paramount importance of precise pain management for successful healthcare has encouraged initiatives to improve the way pain is assessed. Recent approaches have proposed automatic pain evaluation systems using machine learning models trained with data coming from behavioural or physiological sensors. Although yielding promising results, machine learning studies for sensor-based pain recognition remain scattered and not necessarily easy to compare to each other. In particular, the important process of extracting features is usually optimised towards specific datasets. We thus introduce a comparison of feature extraction methods for pain recognition based on physiological sensors in this paper. In addition, the PainMonit Database (PMDB), a new dataset including both objective and subjective annotations for heat-induced pain in 52 subjects, is introduced. In total, five different approaches including techniques based on feature engineering and feature learning with deep learning are evaluated on the BioVid and PMDB datasets. Our studies highlight the following insights: (1) Simple feature engineering approaches can still compete with deep learning approaches in terms of performance. (2) More complex deep learning architectures do not yield better performance compared to simpler ones. (3) Subjective self-reports by subjects can be used instead of objective temperature-based annotations to build a robust pain recognition system.
Behavior Modeling for a Beacon-Based Indoor Location System
Authors: Bilbao-Jayo Aritz , Almeida Aitor , Sergi Ilaria , Montanaro Teodoro , Fasano Luca , Emaldi Mikel , Patrono Luigi
Published: July 2021

In this work we performed a comparison between two different approaches to track a person in indoor environments using a locating system based on BLE technology with a smartphone and a smartwatch as monitoring devices. To do so, we provide the system architecture we designed and describe how the different elements of the proposed system interact with each other. Moreover, we have evaluated the system’s performance by computing the mean percentage error in the detection of the indoor position. Finally, we present a novel location prediction system based on neural embeddings, and a soft-attention mechanism, which is able to predict user’s next location with 67% accuracy.
Save Our Roads from GNSS Jamming: A Crowdsource Framework for Threat Evaluation
Authors: Yozevitch Roi , Marbel Revital , Flysher Nir , Ben-Moshe Boaz
Published: July 2021

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) jamming is an acute problem in the world of modern navigation. As more and more applications rely on GNSS for both position and timing, jamming ramifications are becoming more severe. In this paper we suggest a novel framework to cope with these threats. First, a Bayesian jamming detection algorithm is introduced. The algorithm can both detect and track several jammers in a pre-defined region of interest. Then, a jamming coverage map algorithm is offered. Similar to cellular 3G/4G coverage maps, such a map can detect “weak” GNSS reception spots and handle them. Since jamming interference can be a dynamic phenomenon (e.g., a vehicle equipped with a jammer), the coverage map changes with time. Thus, interference patterns can be detected more easily. Utilizing the offered algorithm, both on simulation and field experiments, we have succeeded to localize an arbitrary jammer(s) within the region of interest. Thus, the results validate the viability of the proposed method.
Spatially Resolved Analysis of Urban Thermal Environments Based on a Three-Dimensional Sampling Algorithm and UAV-Based Radiometric Measurements
Authors: Rüdisser Daniel , Weiss Tobias , Unger Lukas
Published: July 2021

A new method and workflow to assess outdoor thermal comfort and thermal stress in urban areas is developed. The new methodology is applied to a case of an urban quarter in the city of Graz. The method recognises the significance of detailed and accurate spatially resolved determination of mean radiant temperatures taking into account all relevant radiative components, comprising thermal radiation, as well as global radiation. The method relies on radiometric imaging data that are mapped onto a three-dimensional model. The image data are acquired by means of drones (UAVs) equipped with multispectral and thermographic cameras to capture short- and long-wave radiation. Pre-existing city models and a Monte Carlo raytracing algorithm to perform anisotropic sampling based on a 3D model with human topology are used to determine local radiation temperatures with high spatial resolution. Along with spot measurements carried out on the ground simultaneously, the spatially resolved and three-dimensionally determined mean radiation temperatures are used to calculate thermal comfort indicator maps using UTCI and PMV calculation. Additional ground measurements are further used to validate the detection, as well as the entire evaluation process.
The Role of HVAC Design and Windows on the Indoor Airflow Pattern and ACH
Authors: Pirouz Behrouz , Palermo Stefania Anna , Naghib Seyed Navid , Mazzeo Domenico , Turco Michele , Piro Patrizia
Published: July 2021

The purpose of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are to create optimum thermal comfort and appropriate indoor air quality (IAQ) for occupants. Air ventilation systems can significantly affect the health risk in indoor environments, especially those by contaminated aerosols. Therefore, the main goal of the study is to analyze the indoor airflow patterns in the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and the impact of outlets/windows. The other goal of this study is to simulate the trajectory of the aerosols from a human sneeze, investigate the impact of opening windows on the number of air changes per hour (ACH) and exhibit the role of dead zones with poor ventilation. The final goal is to show the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation in improving the HVAC design, such as outlet locations or airflow rate, in addition to the placement of occupants. In this regard, an extensive literature review has been combined with the CFD method to analyze the indoor airflow patterns, ACH, and the role of windows. The airflow pattern analysis shows the critical impact of inflow/outflow and windows. The results show that the CFD model simulation could exhibit optimal placement and safer locations for the occupants to decrease the health risk. The results of the discrete phase simulation determined that the actual ACH could be different from the theoretical ACH as the short circuit and dead zones affect the ACH.
Analysis of Ecological Values in Future Education Professionals in Andalusia (Spain)
Authors: González-Gijón Gracia , Martínez-Heredia Nazaret , Jiménez Ríos Francisco Javier , Soriano Díaz Andrés
Published: July 2021

This study shows the hierarchy of values presented by first-year teacher training students studying at public universities in Andalusia (Spain), emphasising the analysis of ecological values in relation to the gender variable. For this purpose, we used a survey-type methodology with a quantitative approach. Participants were selected by means of probability sampling by clusters. The sample was finally composed of 651 students, of whom 226 were men (34.7%) and 425 women (65.3%) aged between 18 and 49 (M = 20.20 and T.D. = 3.736). The results show a high valuation of non-material aspects related to affectivity, morality, the individual and ecology, followed by values related to the body and its care, the social, the material and the aesthetic, and finally, values related to the intellectual, the political and the religious. The results show the influence of gender in the identification of ecological values and the variables that make them up, where women have higher averages in most of the items. We can therefore conclude that the gender variable influences the choice of ecological values presented by university students.
Investigation of the Thermal QCD Matter from Canonical Sectors
Authors: Kashiwa Kouji
Published: July 2021

We discuss the thermal phase structure of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at zero real chemical potential (μR=0) from the viewpoint of canonical sectors. The canonical sectors take the system to pieces of each elementary excitation mode and thus seem to be useful in the investigation of the confinement–deconfinement nature of QCD. Since the canonical sectors themselves are difficult to compute, we propose a convenient quantity which may determine the structural changes of the canonical sectors. We discuss the quantity qualitatively by adopting lattice QCD prediction for the phase structure with finite imaginary chemical potential. In addition, we numerically estimate this quantity by using the simple QCD effective model. It is shown that there should be a sharp change of the canonical sectors near the Roberge–Weiss endpoint temperature at μR=0. Then, the behavior of the quark number density at finite imaginary chemical potential plays a crucial role in clarifying the thermal QCD properties.
Establishment of Recombinant Eimeria acervulina Expressing Multi-Copies M2e Derived from Avian Influenza Virus H9N2
Authors: Zhang Sixin , Tang Xinming , Wang Si , Shi Fangyun , Duan Chunhui , Bi Feifei , Suo Jingxia , Hu Dandan , Liu Jie , Wang Chaoyue , Suo Xun , Liu Xianyong
Published: July 2021

The potential of Eimeria parasites as live vaccine vectors has been reported with successful genetic manipulation on several species like E. tenella, E. mitis and E. necatrix. Among seven Eimeria species infecting chickens, E. acervulina is a highly prevalent, moderately pathogenic species. Thus, it is valuable for the study of transfection and for use as a potential as vaccine vector. In this study, a plasmid containing expression cassette with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP), red fluorescent protein (RFP) and 12 copies of extracellular domain of H9N2 avian influenza virus M2 (M2e) protein was used for the transfection. Nucleofected sporozoites were inoculated into birds through wing vein. Recombinant E. acervulina oocysts with 0.1% EYFP+ and RFP+ populations were collected from the feces of the inoculated birds. The fluorescent rate of transgenic parasites reached over 95% after nine successive propagations with a pyrimethamine selection in vivo and fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) of progeny oocysts. The expression of M2e in the transgenic parasites (EaM2e) was confirmed by Western blot and its cytoplasm localization in sporozoites was displayed by an indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA). Meanwhile, we found that the fecundity of EaM2e was equivalent to that of wild type E. acervulina (EaWT). Taken together, the stable transfection of E. acervulina was successfully established. Future studies will focus on whether transgenic E. acervulina can serve as a live vaccine vector.
Perancangan Aplikasi Data Mining Transaksi Penjualan untuk Mengetahui Pola Beli Konsumen pada Toko Singgalang Padang Menggunakan Algoritma Apriori Berbasis Web
Authors: Nelisa  , Aulia Fitrul Hadi
Published: July 2021

It takes a method or technique that can transform mountains of data into a valuable information or knowledge (knowledge) that are useful to support business decision making. Therefore in this paper association analysis application developed for extracting and interpreting the pattern of trend of sales of goods are often sold simultaneously from the transaction data using algorithms apriori. Apriori algorithms will from a frequent itemset as predetermined based on two parameters, support and confidence, to find the rules of the association between a combination of items. Knowledge of a product can be used by companies to increase production ansd sales of a product..
Studi tentang Kemampuan Teknik Dasar Bulutangkis Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Zarwan  , Arsil  , Sefri Hardiansyah
Published: July 2021

The problem in this study is the low performance of badminton elementary school students in the Pembangunan Padang city which is likely due to the low basic technical skills of badminton. The purpose of this study was to know concretely about the basic technical skills of badminton owned by elementary school students in the Pembangunan Padang city. This type of research is classified into descriptive research. The population in this study were all students of elementary school students in the Pembangunan Padang city totaling 14 people, the entire population in this study was used as a sample. The instrument used to collect data in this study was to use basic technique tests to play badminton consisting of service, lob and smash. Analysis technique using descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that: (1) Most elementary school students in Pembangunan Padang City had the ability to serve in the less category. (2) Most elementary school students in Pembangunan Padang City have the ability to lob in the less category. (3) Most elementary school students in Pembangunan Padang City have the ability to smash in good categories. (4) Most elementary school students in Pembangunan Padang City have basic badminton technical skills in the medium category.
Analisa Desain Komunikasi Visual Untuk Membangun e-Branding UKM Catering Kota Padang dengan Konsep CRM (Customer Relationship Management)
Authors: Mutiana Pratiwi  , Widia Marta
Published: July 2021

Usaha mikro kecil mengengah merupakan suatu bidang usaha yang sangat membantu dalam berbagai aspek perekonomian indonesia. Di kota Padang memiliki berbagai macam jenis bisnis UKM. Satu diantaranya adalah Catering. Perkembangan usaha catering dikota ini sangat pesat karena banyaknya minat masyarakat menggunakan jasa tersebut. Akibatnya muncul persaingan antar usaha yang memperlihatkan dampak yang cukup signifikan terhadap usaha catering sehingga masing-masing usaha tersebut harus mampu untuk menciptakan pasar mereka sendiri dengan cara menciptakan Brand terhadap usaha catering yang mereka miliki. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melakukan analisa desain komunikasi visual untuk menciptakan E-Branding dengan konsep CRM ( Customer Relationship Management) . Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terciptanya E-Branding Catering, yang memiliki manfaat sebagai bentuk aktualisasi karakter usaha UKM Catering serta menunjang pemasaran dan meningkatkan daya saing
Perkuatan, Perbaikan dan Mutu Bahan untuk Bangunan Sederhana di Perumahan Mekar Melati Kelurahan Lubuk Minturun Kota Padang Pasca Gempa Sumatera Barat 2009
Authors: Rafki Imani  , Sofia Anita  , Sonya Ostha Laurency  , Ariani Wulan Putri  , Afif Okriwa  , Fauzi Deca Putra  , Fakhru Rozi  , Romi Eka Putra
Published: July 2021

Gempa Sumatera Barat pada 30 September 2009 yang turut melanda Kota Padang telah mengakibatkan sebagian besar bangunan mengalami rusak berat dan ringan. Makalah ini membahas jenis kerusakan, perbaikan dan perkuatan bangunan rumah warga di Perumahan Mekar Melati Kelurahan Lubuk Minturun Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan survei dan asesmen secara langsung, baik rumah yang mengalami rusak berat maupun rusak ringan. Pascagempa 2009 bangunan rumah warga di perumahan Mekar Melati Kelurahan Lubuk Minturun, umumnya banyak mengalami rusak berat dan juga rusak ringan. Penyebabnya adalah karena bangunan di sana termasuk kategori rumah yang sangat sederhana (RSS). Material bangunan yang digunakan tidak memakai slof, apalagi dinding yang hanya menggunakan bahan hollowbrick, dimana bahan tersebut jika tidak diplaster maka akan menjadi rapuh sehingga mengakibatkan bangunan mudah runtuh
Studi Etnomedisin Tanaman Berkhasiat Obat Hipertensi di Kecamatan Poleang Tenggara Kabupaten Bombana Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Saranani Selpirahmawati , Himaniarwati Himaniarwati , Yuliastri Wa Ode , Isrul Muhammad , Agusmin Aulia
Published: July 2021

Etnomedisin merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mendokumentasikan pemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai bahan obat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis tanaman yang digunakan sebagai obat untuk hipertensi, mengetahui bagian tanaman yang digunakan sebagai obat hipertensi dan bagaimana cara pengolahan tanaman obat yang digunakan untuk mengobati hipertensi di Kecamatan Poleang Tenggara Kabupaten Bombana. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan analisis data menggunakan pendekatan metode kualitatif dengan tehnik snowball sampling. Data dasar tanaman obat telah dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan wawancara langsung kepada pengobat tradisional atau battra, dan informan lainnya, yang terdiri dari 10 responden. Informasi yang didapatkan berupa nama tanaman obat, nama daerah, bagian tanaman yang digunakan, dan cara pengolahannya. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara yang telah dilakukan, terdapat 20 spesies tanaman obat yang digunakan untuk mengobati hipertensi. Bagian tanaman yang banyak digunakan antara lain daun, buah, biji rimpang dan herba. Cara pengolahann tanaman yang digunakan adalah dengan cara direbus, diseduh, ditumbuk  (diblender), dan dikunyah. Famili tanaman obat yang dimanfaatkan adalah famili acanthaceae, asteraceae, moraceae
Digitalisation, the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and the Constitutional Law of Privacy in South Africa: Towards a public law perspective on constitutional privacy in the era of digitalisation
Authors: Cachalia Firoz , Klaaren Jonathan
Published: July 2021

In this working paper, our focus is on the constitutional debates and case law regarding the right to privacy, adopting a method that is largely theoretical. In an accompanying separate working paper, A South African Public Law Perspective on Digitalisation in the Health Sector, we employ the analysis developed here and focus on the specific case of digital technologies in the health sector. The topic and task of these papers lie at the confluence of many areas of contemporary society. To demonstrate and apply the argument of this paper, it would be possible and valuable to extend its analysis into any of numerous spheres of social life, from energy to education to policing to child care. In our accompanying separate paper, we focus on only one policy domain – the health sector. Our aim is to demonstrate our argument about the significance of a public law perspective on the constitutional right to privacy in the age of digitalisation, and attend to several issues raised by digitalisation’s impact in the health sector. For the most part, we focus on technologies that have health benefits and privacy costs, but we also recognise that certain technologies have health costs and privacy benefits. We also briefly outline the recent establishment (and subsequent events) in South Africa of a contact tracing database responding to the COVID-19 pandemic – the COVID-19 Tracing Database – a development at the interface of the law enforcement and health sectors. Our main point in this accompanying paper is to demonstrate the value that a constitutional right to privacy can bring to the regulation of digital technologies in a variety of legal frameworks and technological settings – from public to private, and from the law of the constitution to the ‘law’ of computer coding.
Desarrollo racional de sistemas terapéuticos nanométricos para el tratamiento de la epilepsia refractaria
Authors:   , Scioli Montoto Sebastián
Published: July 2021

Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la epilepsia es una enfermedad neuronal crónica no transmisible que afecta a alrededor de 50 millones de personas en todo el mundo, siendo una de las enfermedades neurológicas de mayor prevalencia, por encima incluso de la enfermedad de Parkinson. Si bien existe una amplia gama de fármacos destinados al tratamiento de esta patología, entre un 20-40% de los pacientes resultan ser resistentes a las terapias farmacológicas convencionales, padeciendo lo que se denomina epilepsia refractaria o farmacorresistente. Si bien se han estudiado diversas hipótesis destinadas a explicar esta problemática, una de las más estudiadas es la hipótesis de los transportadores, que establece que la sobreexpresión de transportadores de eflujo, como la glicoproteína P, P-gp, en la barrera hematoencefálica o en el foco epileptogénico, sería la causante de la expulsión de los fármacos anticonvulsivantes hacia el torrente sanguíneo, limitando entonces, su entrada al sistema nervioso central. En esta tesis se desarrollaron nanosistemas lipídicos conteniendo Carbamazepina y Fenobarbital, destinadas a mejorar la permeabilidad a través de la barrera hematoencefálica y de esa manera aumentar la biodisponibilidad de estos fármacos en el sistema nervioso central. Las formulaciones mostraron tamaños de partícula entre los 160 y 180 nm, morfologías esféricas, cargas superficiales relativamente pequeñas pero que junto con el impedimento estérico otorgado por el tensioactivo utilizado, permiten que estas nanopartículas se mantengan estables en suspensión. Ambos sistemas mostraron buenas propiedades térmicas, sobre todo a las temperaturas que se logran durante el proceso de síntesis. A su vez, se lograron liberaciones prolongadas en el tiempo en comparación con los fármacos en solución. Los ensayos de permeabilidad en modelos celulares de sobreexpresión de P-gp mostraron una mejora significativa en cuanto a la permeabilidad aparente de algunas de las formulaciones frente a los fármacos en solución. Por último, los ensayos in vivo en modelos animales de crisis epilépticas mostraron una mejor protección, por parte de los fármacos contenidos en las nanopartículas respecto a su contraparte en solución, en cuanto al tiempo de protección. Los resultados obtenidos por esta tesis doctoral, permiten considerar a estos tipos de sistemas como posibles sistemas terapéuticos para la mejora en el tratamiento tanto de la epilepsia como de la epilepsia refractaria y plantean un camino a seguir en el tratamiento de esta patología.
Od Redakcji
Authors: Zinkow Leszek
Published: July 2021

Okładkowy tytuł nowego numeru „Perspektyw Kultury” jest prosty i zara­zem bardzo pojemny, a Autorki i Autorzy udowadniają, że klucz tych trzech słów może odnosić nas do niezwykle interesujących, a nawet nie­kiedy intrygujących obszarów badań.
La presenza del martire Miniato nelle dedicazioni toscane: alcune occorrenze
Authors: Gagliardi Isabella
Published: July 2021

The article examines the dedications to San Miniato martyr in the Tuscan area during the Middle Ages. On the basis of the specific literature, while not excluding that other titles may be recovered from specific studies on territories in the future time, it is hypothesized that in the dioceses of Fiesole, Florence and Pistoia the preservation of these titles is linked to the presence of the Vallombrosan monks who, since the origins of their Order, were linked to the memory of the ancient Christian martyr.
San Miniato e le origini del monachesimo vallombrosano
Authors: Salvestrini Francesco
Published: July 2021

The paper dwells on Giovanni Gualberto’s relations with San Miniato al Monte and the Apostolic See, and questions some consolidated historiographical paradigms to highlight the elements of continuity the new ‘Vallombrosan’ foundations held with the Benedictine monastic tradition. The thesis is that the very hard opposition to Abbot Ubertus did not lead to a break with the Abbey of the Mons Forentinus. The reinterpretation of the Florentine reforming movement shows how Giovanni Gualberto’s rebellion was linked to practical and disciplinary rather than doctrinal aspects, and how the subversive thrust of his positions, both in terms of Eucharistic theology and the validity of the sacraments administered by unworthy priests, was emphasised by the deforming point of view of the controversies of the time, mainly in the vision of Peter Damiani.
Selection of objects for calculating the cost of production in terms of agricultural production
Authors: Mizikovskiy Igor' , Polikarpova Elena
Published: July 2021

The optimality of the choice of objects of calculation determines the procedure for calculating the cost of labor products, the implementation of planned and control measures in the strategic management of production, in particular, to minimize the cost. It is necessary to ensure a synergy of technological features, production conditions, the principal distinguishing features of the resulting product, its volume, cost center, and the ability to evaluate the results of current management decisions. Agriculture is characterized by a number of specific conditions that affect the results of production. In most enterprises of the industry there is no point approach to accounting and management of the cost of labor products. The purpose of the study is to develop information support for the adoption and evaluation of managerial decisions when choosing objects for calculating the cost of production in agricultural production. Methods of observation, measurement, systematization, classification and system analysis of data were used. As a result, on the basis of determining the distinctive conditions of agricultural production, information is structured for the corresponding detailing of calculation objects, according to which a procedure for informational and instrumental support for the analysis of the volume and cost of production, which is also applicable for evaluating management decisions, is presented.
The effect of cyclic polychemotherapy on the morphofunctional state of the gonads
Authors: Abramkin E. E. , Makarov I. Yu. , Menshchikova N. V.
Published: July 2021

Aim. The analysis of scientific publications on the treatment of malignant neoplasms, the effect of antitumor therapy on the morphofunctional state of the gonads is carried out.

Results. Treatment of malignant neoplasms is often accompanied by side effects that directly depend on the patient’s age, type of cancer, treatment regimen and doses, which has put forward a new urgent problem – the state of health and quality of life during remission of cancer or after recovery from it. Thus, cytostatically induced testicular damage leads to reproductive dysfunction in men on the “pre-testicular” (central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system, pituitary gland), “testicular” (gonads), “post-testicular” (epididymis, etc. organs of the genitourinary system involved in spermogenesis) levels of the reproductive system, which is especially important against the background of a sharply declining fertility of the modern male population. Accordingly, understanding the regularities of the processes of reparative regeneration of damaged tissues is important for the development of rehabilitation programs, the preservation of reproductive function and quality of life in patients who have undergone cytostatic therapy, especially in young people.

Conclusion. The literature review covers epidemiological and experimental data on the effects of chemotherapy on spermatogenesis.
Territorial Exceptionalism and the American Welfare State
Authors: Hammond Andrew
Published: July 2021

Federal law excludes millions of American citizens from crucial public benefits simply because they live in the United States territories. If the Social Security Administration determines a low-income individual has a disability, that person can move to another state and continue to receive benefits. But if that person moves to, say, Guam or the U.S. Virgin Islands, that person loses their right to federal aid. Similarly with SNAP (food stamps), federal spending rises with increased demand—whether because of a recession, a pandemic, or a climate disaster. But unlike the rest of the United States, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa receive a limited amount of federal food assistance, regardless of need. That’s why, after Hurricane Maria, despite additional congressional action, over a million Puerto Rican residents lost food assistance. And with Medicaid, federal law caps medical assistance for each of these five territories, a limit that does not exist for the fifty states or the District of Columbia.

This Article draws much-needed attention to these discrepancies in legal status and social protection. It surveys the eligibility rules and financing structure of disability benefits, food assistance, and health insurance for low-income Americans in the states and the territories. A comprehensive account of these practices provokes questions about the tiers of citizenship built by a fragmented and devolved American state. Part I invokes the scholarship on social citizenship, the idea that an individual cannot meaningfully participate in society without some modicum of economic security. Part I then explores the tension between that normative commitment and one of the defining features of the American welfare state—federalism. It then elaborates the exceptional legal status of Americans who live in U.S. territories. Part II provides a comprehensive overview of federal food, medical, and disability assistance and, in doing so, demonstrates how the American territories inhabit a different and, in many ways, dilapidated corner of the American welfare state. Part III begins with an analysis of ongoing cases in federal court that challenge this facial discrimination. It then canvasses legislation introduced in Congress that would make significant progress in putting territorial Americans on par with Americans in the fifty states. To conclude, Part IV brings the states back in, using the earlier discussion of territories as an invitation to imagine an American welfare state built on a foundation other than a racial order.
Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy: Let the Science Decide
Authors: Glavota Sabrina
Published: July 2021

Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) is an in vitro fertilization technique designed to prevent women who are carriers of mitochondrial diseases from passing on these heritable genetic diseases to their children. It is an innovative assisted reproductive technology that is only legal in a small number of countries. The United States has essentially stagnated all opportunities for research and clinical trials on MRT through a rider in H.R.2029 – Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016. The rider bans clinical trials on all therapies in which a human embryo is intentionally altered to include a heritable genetic modification. This note argues that the rider should be amended to permit therapies such as MRT, which do not create artificial DNA sequences, while continuing to prohibit clinical trials on germline therapies that modify the sequence of a gene. MRT is distinct from the types of therapies that Congress intended to ban through the rider. Amending the rider would not automatically approve MRT trials, but rather allow the FDA to evaluate investigational new drug applications and determine whether individual trials may proceed. Without proper FDA oversight, carriers of mitochondrial diseases are denied access to a therapy that provides them with benefits they cannot enjoy by any other means, and researchers may look abroad to conduct the therapy illegally or dangerously. Further, the United States can look to other countries such as the United Kingdom as a model for how to proceed with research and trials on MRT in an ethical manner.
CURRENT STATE OF FINANCING ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES IN UKRAINE
Authors: KOVSHUN Nataliya , PIATKA Nataliya
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The processes of globalization and social transformation have made environmen-tal conservation a priority, and therefore require some action to be taken to address environ-mental issues and the rational use of natural resources. The solution of the existing problems depends to a great extent on the functioning efficiency of the financial security system established in the country, the established composition and the volume of financing sources and certain directions of their use, which necessitates their scientific-based analysis.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the state of financing environmental measures in Ukraine, to study the directions, dynamics and structure of costs for environmental protection, identifying features of financing environmental protection.

Results. The comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of costs for environmental protection and rational use of natural resources is carried out. The main components of environmental expenditures are identified. Costs for environmental protection and rational use of natural resources by financing sources have been structured. The dynamics and structure of capital investments by nature conservation measures are investigated. The dynamics of the share of expenditures for environmental protection and rational use of natural resources in the GDP of Ukraine, as well as the share of capital investments (environmental) in the structure of capital investments of Ukraine are analyzed. The features of the current state of financing environmental protection and rational use of natural resources are highlighted.

Conclusions. The results of the research made it possible to identify the main problems in the field of financial support for environmental protection and to outline the ways of their solution. The necessity of investments mobilization into nature protection activity is proved through development of appropriate means of economic stimulation and their legislative fixing, which will allow to solve the problem of financial support of environmental protection by diversification of financing sources.

Keywords: costs for environmental protection, environmental activities, environmental measures, recurrent costs, capital investments, cost structure, financial support.