bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on water quality in Anzali Wetland, Iran, using remote sensing data
Authors: Goodarzi Mohammad Reza , Niknam Amir Reza R. , Sabaghzadeh Maryam , Mokhtari Mohammad Hossein , Niazkar Majid
Published: May 2024

This study investigates temporal variations of two water quality indices, named turbidity and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), from 2016 to 2021 in the Anzali wetland. For this purpose, ground-based measurements were collected at four stations from 2016 to 2019, while Sentinel-2 images were utilized to predict Chl-a and turbidity from 2016 to 2021. To validate the forecasted results, remote sensing data for Chl-a and turbidity were compared to measurements. After the validation step, Chl-a and turbidity were predicted using remotely-sensed data for the first and fourth peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic, which coincide with the COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020 and 2021 in Iran, respectively. The results indicate 26% and 16% decreases in Chl-a and turbidity in the COVID-19 lockdown imposed in 2020, while it yielded to 1% decrease in turbidity and 21% increase in the Chl-a concentration in the COVID-19 lockdown applied in 2021, compared to the corresponding mean values measured from 2016 to 2019. In conclusion, the lockdown imposed in 2020, which turned out to be a much more restricted quarantine than the one applied in 2021, was found to be one of the primary reasons behind improving water quality indices of Anzali wetland in March and April of 2020.
Treatment of nitrogenous wastewater by constructed wetland coupled microbial fuel cell system: a review
Authors: Xinxin Yu , Yucui Shi , Shaohong You , Gang Tang
Published: May 2024

As global industrialization accelerates, the treatment of nitrogenous wastewater has become a pressing environmental challenge. In response to this challenge, this study explores the potential of constructed wetland coupled microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) technology for the treatment of nitrogenous wastewater. It systematically presents the fundamental principles and characteristics of the CW-MFC, analyzing the metabolic processes and denitrification mechanisms of nitrogen pollutants within the system. This research not only summarizes the key factors that influence the denitrification performance of the CW-MFC system but also discusses its future development trends and potential applications. The objective is to refine the field of nitrogenous wastewater treatment using CW-MFC, enhancing the denitrification efficiency, and to provide a foundation for further advancing the practical application and scientific research of this technology.
Evaluation of spring flows using recession flow analysis techniques
Authors: Kale R. V. , Dwivedi Anuj Kumar , Ojha C. S. P. , Shukla Rituraj
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the analysis of recession characteristics of spring base flow, focusing on the Hill campus spring (elevation of approximately 2,150 m) and Fakua spring (elevation of approximately 1,850 m) in the Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, India. Spanning from January 1999 to December 2004, discharge data from G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology's Hill campus are employed. The research employs an automated, objective-based method to generate master recession curves (MRCs) and categorize them into early, intermittent, and late recession segments. Statistical parameters and low-flow indices from flow duration curves (FDCs) are utilized for flow assessment, while base flow indices (BFIs) are analyzed using the Web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool (WHAT). The findings highlight the importance of water storage strategies during the rainy season for the sustainable utilization of spring water. The study suggests that the techniques applied are equally applicable for analyzing river flow recession characteristics, emphasizing the broader implications for integrated water resources planning and management in mountainous regions.
Novel design of composite broad-crested weir for determining open-channel emissions
Authors: Kulkarni Ketaki H. , Hinge Ganesh
Published: May 2024

The current study deals with a composite broad-crested weir which is specially designed with the unique idea for a ‘constant discharge coefficient (Cd) of 0.6’. It is investigated experimentally and numerically. The available designs of the weir are unable to give constant Cd over a wide range of discharge as ‘Cd’ itself is relative to the head over the weir crest. Therefore an attempt is made to restrict Cd value to 0.6 irrespective of the variable head on the weir crest. This is achieved by adjusting the widths of the weir. With the novel objective, Cd is frozen to constant value and instead of it, ‘b’ is allowed to vary. The weir so designed is capable of producing constant Cd over a wide range of discharge and hence will be helpful from the viewpoint of field applications. Under existing laboratory conditions, the research reports for emissions varying from 20 to 100% of the design discharge. The numerical performance of the CBC weir through FLOW 3D is experimentally validated to examine the crest width effect and head over weir crest. In the experiments, Cd is found to vary proportionally with discharge from 0.518 to 0.648. The R-value is 0.999, with a mean error in discharge measurement being much less.
Optimizing the Antimicrobial Effects by using Natural Compounds in COVID-19 Management
Authors: Gasmi Amin , Gasmi Benahmed Asma , Dadar Maryam , Mujawdiya Pavan , Bjørklund Geir
Published: May 2024

COVID-19 has emerged as the most significant global health issue of our
time. The causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, causes extensive damage to the lower respiratory
tract in susceptible populations, leading to lung damage and death. COVID-19-infected
patients are also prone to respiratory pathogens such as Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and E. coli. In some cases,
these respiratory pathogens are multidrug-resistant and cause life-threatening infections
in patients. Since the existing antibiotics are ineffective against these antibiotic-resistant
bacteria, urgent attention is required to develop new and effective therapeutic agents to
combat antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Alternatively, novel therapeutic strategies can
be explored to enhance the antimicrobial effects of the existing antimicrobial agents,
such as antibiotics. Adding natural compounds with existing antimicrobial agents to increase
their antimicrobial activity is one of the most suitable and promising options to
combat the rising threat of both COVID-19 and antimicrobial resistance. Natural compounds
are generally considered safe and may even reduce the side effects of drugs and
medicines. In light of such advantages, the current review summarized some of the
studies that have combined natural compounds with antibiotics and antiviral to increase
the antimicrobial potential of these drugs. This study can help researchers compare and
understand already existing data to design new studies to develop antimicrobial agents
against COVID-19.
A Complex Interplay between Nutrition and Alcohol use Disorder:
Implications for Breaking the Vicious Cycle
Authors: White Brooke , Sirohi Sunil
Published: May 2024

:

Approximately 16.5% of the United States population met the diagnostic criteria for substance use
disorder (SUD) in 2021, including 29.5 million individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Individuals with
AUD are at increased risk for malnutrition, and impairments in nutritional status in chronic alcohol users can
be detrimental to physical and emotional well-being. Furthermore, these nutritional deficiencies could contribute
to the never-ending cycle of alcoholism and related pathologies, thereby jeopardizing the prospects of
recovery and treatment outcomes. Improving nutritional status in AUD patients may not only compensate for
general malnutrition but could also reduce adverse symptoms during recovery, thereby promoting abstinence
and successful treatment of AUD. In this review, we briefly summarize alterations in the nutritional status of
people with addictive disorders, in addition to the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and clinical implications
regarding the role of nutritional intervention in recovery from alcohol use disorder.
Inhibition of Glycyrrhiza Polysaccharide on Human Cytochrome P450 46A1 in vitro and in vivo: Implications in Treating Neurological Diseases
Authors: Du Jie , Chen Zujia , Chen Xiaodong , Zhang Jiahui , Wang Yaojun , Zhao Tingting , Wang Dalong , Wang Changyuan , Chen Yanwei , Meng Qiang , Sun Huijun , Liu Kexin , Wu Jingjing
Published: May 2024

Background:

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 46A1, also known as cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase, is essential
for maintaining the homeostasis of cholesterol in the brain and serves as a therapeutic target of neurodegenerative
disorders and excitatory neurotoxicity. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is a prototypical receptor
for the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and can be specifically regulated by 24S-hydroxycholesterol
(24S-HC). Glycyrrhiza is one of the most widely used herbs with broad clinical applications, which has
several pharmacological activities, such as clearing heat and detoxifying, moistening the lung and relieving
cough, analgesic, neuroprotective outcomes, and regulating a variety of drug activities. Glycyrrhiza is a commonly
used herb for the treatment of epileptic encephalopathy. However, whether glycyrrhiza can interfere
with the activity of CYP46A1 remains unknown.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the regulating effects of glycyrrhiza polysaccharides (GP) on
CYP46A1-mediated cholesterol conversion, as well as in the modulation of related proteins.

Materials and Methods:

The effects of glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GP) on the activity of CYP46A1 were investigated
in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the potential regulatory effects of GP on the expressions of
CYP46A1, HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), and NMDAR were also detected.

Results:

The in vitro results demonstrated that glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GP), as the main water-soluble active
component of glycyrrhiza, remarkably inhibited the activity of CYP46A1 in a non-competitive mode with
a Ki value of 0.7003 mg/ml. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments verified that GP markedly decreased the contents
of 24S-HC in rat plasma and brain tissues as compared to the control. More importantly, the protein expressions
of CYP46A1, GluN2A, GluN2B, and HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) in rat brains were all downregulated,
whereas the mRNA expressions of CYP46A1 and HMGCR were not significantly changed after
treatment with GP.

Conclusion:

GP exhibits a significant inhibitory effect on CYP46A1 activity in vitro and in vivo, and the protein
expressions of CYP46A1, HMGCR, and NMDAR are also inhibited by GP, which are of considerable
clinical significance for GP's potential therapeutic role in treating neurological diseases.
Antiviral Activity of Kappaphycus alvarezii Seaweed against ZIKV
Authors: de S. Barros Caroline , Cirne-Santos Claudio C. , Esteves Priscilla O. , Gomes Max W. L. , Rabelo Vítor W. , Santos Thamyres M. , Teixeira Valéria L. , de P. Paixão Izabel C.N.
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus transmitted through the bites of infected
Aedes mosquitoes. These viruses can also be transmitted through sexual contact, vertical transmission,
and possibly transfusion. Most cases are asymptomatic, but symptoms can include rash, conjunctivitis,
fever, and arthralgia, which are characteristic of other arboviruses. Zika infection can
lead to complications such as microcephaly, miscarriage, brain abnormalities, and Guillain-Barré
syndrome (GBS).

Objective:

The aim is to determine the inhibitory potential of the algae Kappaphycus alvarezii (K.
alvarezii) on ZIKV replication.

Methodology:

Cytotoxicity experiments were performed using Vero cells to determine the CC50,
and ZIKV replication inhibition assays (ATCC® VR-1839™) were conducted to determine the
EC50. The mechanism of action was also studied to assess any synergistic effect with Ribavirin.

Results:

K. alvarezii demonstrated low toxicity with a CC50 of 423 μg/mL and a potent effect on
ZIKV replication with an EC50 of 0.65 μg/mL and a Selectivity Index (SI) of 651, indicating the
extract's safety. Virucidal effect assays were carried out to evaluate the possible mechanism of action,
and the compound addition time was studied, showing the potential to delay the treatment of
infected cells by up to 6 hours. A potential synergistic effect was observed when K. alvarezii extract
was combined with suboptimal concentrations of Ribavirin, resulting in 99% inhibition of viral
replication.

Conclusion:

Our data demonstrate the significant potential of K. alvarezii extract and highlight
the need for further studies to investigate its mechanism of action. We propose this extract as a potential
anti-Zika compound.
Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment: Harnessing the Power of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Precise Targeted Therapy in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Taeb Shahram , Rostamzadeh Davoud , Amini Seyed Mohammad , Rahmati Mohammad , Golshekan Mostafa , Abedinzade Mahmoud , Ahmadi Elham , Neha Singh , Najafi Masoud
Published: May 2024

In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as promising anti--
cancer mediators with the potential to treat several cancers. MSCs have been modified to produce
anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic molecules that could be effective against a
variety of malignancies. Additionally, customizing MSCs with cytokines that stimulate pro-tumorigenic
immunity or using them as vehicles for traditional chemical molecules with anti-cancer characteristics.
Even though the specific function of MSCs in tumors is still challenged, promising outcomes
from preclinical investigations of MSC-based gene therapy for a variety of cancers inspire
the beginning of clinical trials. In addition, the tumor microenvironment (TME) could have a substantial
influence on normal tissue stem cells, which can affect the treatment outcomes. To overcome
the complications of TME in cancer development, MSCs could provide some signs of hope
for converting TME into unequivocal therapeutic tools. Hence, this review focuses on engineered
MSCs (En-MSCs) as a promising approach to overcoming the complications of TME.
Evaluating the Relationship between Various Risk Factors and COVID-19
Incidence in People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Harandi Hamid , Mehraeen Esmaeil , Yarmohammadi Soudabeh , Rasoulinejad Mehrnaz , Rasheed Muhammad Ali , Parmoon Zohal , Manshadi Seyed Ali Dehghan , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Afroughi Fatemeh , Dadras Omid
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

People living with HIV (PLWH) are more susceptible to acquiring and
having serious consequences from COVID-19. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation
between COVID-19 infection and other risk factors in these patients.

Methods:

This is a descriptive-analytical study recruiting 160 PLWH referred to the Behavioral
Disease Counselling Centre of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran in 2021. The patients were selected
through convenient sampling. A checklist was used to collect the necessary data. Descriptive
statistical tests, such as mean and standard deviation, were employed alongside inferential
statistics, including chi-square, Fisher, independent t-tests, and logistic regression, all evaluated at
a significance level of p<0.05 using the R software.

Results:

The patients' average age was 43.15 ± 11.23. Forty-four women and 116 men were present.
A notable association was observed between the incidence of COVID-19 and variables such
as hepatitis C and the duration of time since HIV diagnosis (p<0.001). Moreover, a strong correlation
was found between the amount of COVID-19 vaccination doses given to patients and their
probability of acquiring the disease. The first vaccination dose was linked to a 5.45 percent increase
in COVID-19 incidence in patients, whereas the second and third doses (t=2.95, t=7.57) reduced
the risk of getting COVID-19. Furthermore, no discernible link (p>0.05) was found between
the use of various antiretroviral medications and COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion:

This study finds that vaccine type doesn't impact COVID-19 outcomes in HIV-positive
patients, but receiving more doses decreases the probability of occurrence of COVID-19, advocating
for multiple vaccinations. However, PLWH, especially those non-compliant with antiretrovirals,
need strict adherence to health protocols due to heightened vulnerability to viral illnesses.
Deciphering Diabetic Foot Wounds: A Comprehensive Review on Classification, Multidrug Resistance, Microbial Insights, Management & Treatment Strategies, and Advanced Diagnostic Tools
Authors: Silvia N. Susan , Velrajan Mahalakshmi
Published: May 2024

:

Diabetic foot wounds and infections pose a significant and evolving challenge in diabetes
care. Diabetic wound healing has become a major global concern for a very long time.
Continuous research has been conducted to increase the healing process in diabetic ulcers to the
rate of amputation. Wound healing is prolonged in diabetic patients due to various conditions,
such as high glucose levels, neuropathy, poor blood circulation, and prolonged inflammation
around the limbs, which causes the healing to be delayed compared to normal patients. Understanding
the complexity of chronic foot wounds and the management and proper treatment
would lead to a decrease in the risk of amputation. The medical team all over the world is constantly
researching to lower the risk.

:

This review paper offers a compelling journey through the multifaceted world of diabetic foot
wounds and infections. It underscores the urgency of understanding classification, tackling multidrug
resistance, and harnessing microbial insights to revolutionize the treatment and management
of diabetic foot complications. Furthermore, it unveils state-of-the-art diagnostics, heralding
a brighter future in the battle against this debilitating complication of diabetes.
Comorbidity of Depression and Diabetes: A Literature Review on Systemic Flaws in Healthcare and the Benefits of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Wal Pranay , Kumar Pankaj , Bhardwaj Harsh , Sharma Komal , Tripathi Arpan Kumar , Gupta Arpit , Wal Ankita , Sharma Mukesh Chandra
Published: May 2024

Background:

The increasing specialization and dispersion of healthcare systems
have led to a shortage of resources to address comorbidities. Patients with coexisting mental
and physical conditions are disadvantaged, as medical providers often only focus on the patient's
mental illness while neglecting their physical needs, resulting in poorer health outcomes.

Objective:

This study aimed to shed light on the systemic flaws in healthcare systems that contribute
to suboptimal health outcomes in individuals with comorbid diseases, including depression
and diabetes. This paper also discusses the clinical and economic benefits of collaborative
methods for diagnosing and treating depressive disorders in primary care settings.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature review of the relationship between depression and diabetes
was conducted. The outcomes of the literature review were carefully analyzed. Several databases
were searched using keywords such as "diabetes," "depression," "comorbidity," "prevalence,"
"epidemiology," and "risk factors" using Google Scholar and PubMed as search engines.
The review and research papers written between 1961 and 2023 were our main focus.

Results:

This study revealed improved depressive symptoms and better blood sugar and blood
pressure control. Additionally, individuals with comorbid depression and diabetes have higher
direct and secondary medical costs. Antidepressants and psychological interventions are equally
effective in treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes, although they have conflicting
effects on glycemic control. For individuals with comorbid diabetes and depression,
clear care pathways, including a multidisciplinary team, are essential for achieving the best
medical and mental health outcomes.

Conclusion:

Coordinated healthcare solutions are necessary to reduce the burden of illness and
improve therapeutic outcomes. Numerous pathophysiological mechanisms interact with one
another and may support the comorbidities of T2DM, and depressive disorders could exacerbate
the course of both diseases.
Puerarin Affects 1HMR Spectroscopy Quantified Hepatic Fat Signal Fraction inIntrauterine Growth Restricted Rats
Authors: Wang Tao , Kalonda Mutamba Alpha , Bian Jing , He Xiaori , Bian DuJun
Published: May 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the impact of puerarin early intervention on growth parameters and Hepatic Fat Signal Fraction (HFF)
quantification in Intrauterine Growth Restricted (IUGR) rats through Proton Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).

Methods:

Pregnant rats were divided into three groups: control, IUGR with puerarin treatment, and IUGR without treatment. The treatment and nontreatment
groups were received a low-protein diet during pregnancy, while the control group received a normal diet. After birth, pups in the
treatment group received a unilateral intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg/d puerarin. Male rats were evaluated at 3,8 and 12 weeks, including
measurements of weight, body length and waist circumference and body mass index (BMI). Conventional magnetic resonance imaging and 1HMRS
were conducted using a 3.0 T whole-body MR scanner.

Results:

Newborn pups in the treatment and non-treatment groups showed significantly lower body weight, BMI, and body length at 3 weeks compared to
the control group. However, there were no significant differences in HFF and waist circumference between the three groups at 3 weeks. At 8 and
12 weeks post-delivery, significant differences in body weight, BMI, waist circumference were observed in newborn pups of IUGR non-treatment
rats compared to the control group. In contrast, there were no significant differences in body weight, BMI, waist circumference between the
treatment group and the control group at 8 and 12 weeks. Moreover, the treatment group exhibited notably higher HFF compared to the control
group at both time points. At 12 weeks post-birth, a significant difference in HFF was observed between the IUGR non-treatment and treatment
groups, although no significant difference was found at 8 weeks.

Conclusion:

Early intervention with puerarin following birth has a significant impact on liver fat content and may potentially reduce adult obesity among IUGR
rats.
Development of Autoimmune Hepatitis after COVID-19 Infection in Vaccinated Women
Authors: Lenci Ilaria , Milana Martina , Savino Luca , Signorello Alessandro , Baiocchi Leonardo
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with the impairment of several organs,
including the liver. In addition, cases of autoimmune hepatitis have been described in association
with COVID-19 disease. According to some case reports, vaccination has also been suggested
to elicit the immune liver disorder.

Case Description:

We report on the case series of two middle-aged women developing
COVID-19 infection despite a completed vaccination schedule. More interestingly, the infection
was followed by the onset of acute hepatitis with a significant increase in the values of liver function
tests (x 10 normal values). After ruling out the main causes of liver damage (viral, toxic, etc.),
a diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis was made and supported by liver histology in both cases. The
clinical picture was quickly reverted with immunosuppressive (steroid) therapy, also confirming
the diagnosis.

Conclusion:

We observed a possible relationship between COVID-19 infection and the onset of
autoimmune hepatitis and also described this occurrence in vaccinated subjects. It remains to be
clarified whether repeated exposure to viral antigens (vaccination plus true infection) or specific
emerging viral genotype (omicron strain) may facilitate the onset of this immune liver disease.
Enhancing Drug Peptide Sequence Prediction Using Multi-view Feature Fusion Learning
Authors: Zhang Junyu , Lu Ronglin , Zhou Hongmei , Jiang Xinbo
Published: May 2024

Background:

Currently, various types of peptides have broad implications for human
health and disease. Some drug peptides play significant roles in sensory science, drug research, and
cancer biology. The prediction and classification of peptide sequences are of significant importance
to various industries. However, predicting peptide sequences through biological experiments is a
time-consuming and expensive process. Moreover, the task of protein sequence classification and
prediction faces challenges due to the high dimensionality, nonlinearity, and irregularity of protein
sequence data, along with the presence of numerous unknown or unlabeled protein sequences.
Therefore, an accurate and efficient method for predicting peptide category is necessary.

Methods:

In our work, we used two pre-trained models to extract sequence features, TextCNN
(Convolutional Neural Networks for Text Classification) and Transformer. We extracted the overall
semantic information of the sequences using Transformer Encoder and extracted the local semantic
information between sequences using TextCNN and concatenated them into a new feature. Finally,
we used the concatenated feature for classification prediction. To validate this approach, we conducted
experiments on the BP dataset, THP dataset and DPP-IV dataset and compared them with
some pre-trained models.

Results:

Since TextCNN and Transformer Encoder extract features from different perspectives, the
concatenated feature contains multi-view information, which improves the accuracy of the peptide
predictor.

Conclusion:

Ultimately, our model demonstrated superior metrics, highlighting its efficacy in peptide
sequence prediction and classification.
The “Magnificent Seven” in Oral and Systemic Health against COVID-19
Authors: Di Domenico Marina , Motta Alessandro , Dai Pra Tommaso , Cantore Stefania , Dioguardi Mario , Zanella Eugenia Rosalinda , Arrigoni Roberto , De Vito Danila , Mastrangelo Filiberto
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted all areas of daily life, including medical care.
Unfortunately, to date, no specific treatments have been found for the cure of this disease, and
therefore, it is advisable to implement all possible strategies to prevent infection. In this context,
it is important to better define the role of all behaviors, in particular nutrition, in order to establish
whether these can both prevent infection and improve the outcome of the disease in patients
with COVID-19. There is sufficient evidence to demonstrate that immune response can be
weakened by inadequate nutrition. Nutrition management and treatment are very important to
enhance the immune response of an infected person against RNA viral infection. A complete
nutritional assessment should include anthropometric, dietary, and laboratorial assessment, as
well as a multidisciplinary discussion about the patient's clinical condition. In this way, it is
possible to establish an individualized nutritional approach to contribute to improving clinical
and nutritional prognoses. From this point of view, diet, through intake of vitamins and trace
elements and maintaining adequate functioning of the intestinal barrier, can reduce the severity
of the COVID-19 infection. In this study, we provide an overview of the effects of diet on
COVID-19 infection in non-cancer patients. This notion needs to be further evaluated, and thus,
identification, characterization, and targeting of the right nutrition principles related to the management
of patients with COVID-19 are likely to improve outcomes and may prevent the infection
or lead to a cure.
Deep Learning based Feed Forward Neural Network Models for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: Jeya I Jasmine Selvakumari , J Jaya
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Traditional feed-forward neural networks (FFNN) have been widely used in image processing, but their effectiveness can be limited. To address this, we develop two deep learning models based on FFNN: the deep backpropagation neural network classifier (DBPNN) and the deep radial basis function neural network classifier (DRBFNN), integrating convolutional layers for feature extraction.

Methods

We apply a training algorithm to the deep, dense layers of both classifiers, optimizing their layer structures for improved classification accuracy across various hyperspectral datasets. Testing is conducted on datasets including Indian Pine, University of Pavia, Kennedy Space Centre, and Salinas, validating the effectiveness of our approach in feature extraction and noise reduction.

Results

Our experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the DBPNN and DRBFNN classifiers compared to previous methods. We report enhanced classification accuracy, reduced mean square error, shorter training times, and fewer epochs required for convergence across all tested hyperspectral datasets.

Conclusion

The results underscore the efficacy of deep learning feed-forward classifiers in hyperspectral image processing. By leveraging convolutional layers, the DBPNN and DRBFNN models exhibit promising capabilities in feature extraction and noise reduction, surpassing the performance of conventional classifiers. These findings highlight the potential of our approach to advance hyperspectral image classification tasks.
Novel Energy-efficient Modified LEACH Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Dongare Mahendra Prabhakar , Jondhale Satish Raosaheb , Agarkar Balasaheb Shrirangrao
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), hierarchical clustered routing protocols
play a crucial role in minimizing energy consumption. The Low Energy Adaptive Clustering
Hierarchy (LEACH) architecture is commonly employed for application-specific protocols in
WSNs. However, the LEACH protocol may lead to increased energy consumption within the network
if the rotational distribution of cluster heads (CHs) is not considered.

Methods:

A novel average energy, residual energy-based modified LEACH (aerem-LEACH) routing
protocol for improving the WSN’s energy efficiency is proposed. This approach simultaneously
considers the average energy of the networks and the residual node energy for routing, thereby
reducing overall power consumption.

Results:

The suggested approach in aerem-LEACH accounts for optimal CHs numbers, and nodes
in close proximity to the sink are forbidden from participating in cluster formation in order to
achieve sufficient performance in the form of reduced sensor node energy consumption. Furthermore,
a new threshold is employed in the proposed approach for selecting CHs for the network,
and the aerem-LEACH uses free space, multiple hopping, and a hybrid communicating model for
an energy-efficient network.

Conclusion:

The simulation result demonstrates that there is a substantial reduction in the consumption
of energy in WSNs with the proposed aerem-LEACH routing protocol compared with
existing routing protocols, namely Stable Energy Efficient Network (SEEN), Energy Efficient
LEACH (EE LEACH), Optical LEACH (O-LEACH), LEACH-Mobile (LEACH-M), LEACHCentralized
(LEACH-C), and LEACH for small-scale as well as large-scale sensor field.
Selection of best beam theories based on natural frequencies and dynamic response obtained through mode superposition method
Authors: Iannotti P.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Simplified formulations, particularly 1D models, are fundamental for reducing the computational cost typically required by structural analyses. The use of a limited number of nodal degrees of freedom has inevitable implications for the model’s capabilities and accuracy. Furthermore, the performance of a reduced formulation is strictly problem-dependent, and the choice of a specific set of primary unknowns must be weighted considering their influence on the accuracy of the results of interest. In this work, a procedure for the selection of the best 1D models to adopt for time-response analyses is investigated. Through the Axiomatic/Asymptotic Method (AAM), the influence of single unknowns is evaluated for a specific structural configuration, which can be described as a combination of aspect ratio, material, geometry, and boundary conditions. The finite element governing equations for every considered set of variables are obtained through the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF). The main indicator for the quality of a theory is based on the evaluation of a certain number of natural frequencies. Dynamic response analyses are then carried out using the modal superposition method to further asses the performance of the selected best theories.
Evolutionary predictive model of the space debris environment
Authors: Retagne Wiebke
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In recent years, the exponential growth of space debris has become evident. To mitigate debris problem, a precise model for predicting the space debris environment is necessary. This research project tackles this challenge of space debris modelling, through adopting the continuum approach. In the continuum approach a space debris cloud is treated as a fluid. As a novel aspect, the model will include a detailed uncertainty analysis. The challenge here is to find a unified approach to deal with the different uncertainty sources. The analysis will help to identify the largest uncertainty sources and will aid in developing a more precise model. To find a balance between robustness and computational time high performance computing will be employed. Furthermore, the effect of mitigation measures and newly launched missions will be investigated through the combination of historical data with economic forecasting methods, making it possible to make informed decisions for sustainable space operations.
Short and long-term reconstruction of in-orbit fragmentation events
Authors: Ottoboni Francesca
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Over the past decade, the number of space debris has steadily increased. Consequently, the risk of collision between debris and active satellites has also increased, threatening the safety of space operations. Therefore, it is crucial to characterise fragments as soon as possible after their formation, to gather information about the fragmentation event which has generated them. In this context, the PUZZLE software has been developed at Politecnico di Milano to reconstruct past in-orbit breakups. This research aims at improving the current routine to obtain more accurate results and at optimising it for the analysis of fragmentations in the GEO and MEO regions.
Non-compliance of Hospital X Employee in Implementing Standard Operational Procedures of Instrument Decontamination and Chest X-Ray Services
Authors: Prahadiani Saesar Revita , Kuncoro Wahyudi , Hariyanti Tita , Zuhriyah Lilik , Sarwiyata Tri Wahyu , Pradina Fifin
Published: May 2024

Good hospital management is important to maintain the safety of patients, staff and hospital visitors. Each hospital employee responsible for patient safety by carrying out work according Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) guidelines agreed by organization. This study aims to identify the casues factors and the solution for hospital employees to not comply with the SOP. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Methods of data collection by conducting direct observation and interviews. Subjects in the study were determined based on purposive sampling, as many as 8 respondents consisting of the inpatient room's head, nurses and radiology officers. It is important to apply a system approach in the management of an organization. The elements included in the systems approach are planning, organizing, actuating and controlling. From those elements, there are things that not properly carried in the hospital. The existing procedures were not followed by the employees, for example, procedures regarding instrument decontamination in the inpatient room and photo reading at the radiology service. Non-compliance with this procedure is influenced by several factors, namely the staff lack of discipline and responsibility, inappropriate procedures, facilities that are not available, and there is no socialization of the procedure to hospital employees. The non-compliance of employees at X hospital was caused by procedural factors, decontamination and radiology officer's performance factors and hospital's facilities. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct periodic outreach, monitoring and evaluation of the SOP and hospital employees to improve the quality of hospital services and customer satisfaction.
Ethnobotany Traditional Medicinal Plants by People in Rangkang Village, Kraksaan Sub District, Probolinggo Regency
Authors: Fatmawati Prita Paramitha
Published: May 2024

The purposes of this collaborative research are to reveal the plant species used in traditional medicine, to reveal diseases that can be prevented and treated with medicinal plants, to reveal how to process medicinal plants into traditional medicines, and to analyze the efforts to preserve medicinal plants in Rangkang Village. The methods used are observation, interviews, documentation, and data analysis using Species Use Value (UVs), Family Use Value (FUVs), and SWOT analysis. The results showed 33 species of medicinal plants used by the people of Rangkang Village. Some essential or priority plants for the people of Rangkang Village are betel (Piper betle), papaya (Carica papaya), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), pomegranate (Punica granatum), temu ireng (Curcuma aeroginosa), turmeric (Curcuma longa), noni (Morinda citrifolia), galangal (Alpinia galangal), guava (Psidium guajava), soursop (Annona muricata) and white turmeric (Curcuma mango). There are 27 medicinal plant families with different FUVs values. The strategy for conserving the diversity of medicinal plants in Rangkang village is by maintaining and preserving the wealth of natural resources owned, forming a farmer community to preserve medicinal plants, and collaborating with the government or Non-Government Organisations counseling the local community.
How sport specialization age and training components influence the achievements of elite athletes
Authors: Novan Novrizal Achmad , Mulyana Boyke , Syihab Syifa Fakhomah , Nuryadi Nuryadi , Risjanna Masayu Rizka
Published: May 2024

Early specialization in sports for young elite athletes was undertaken for a variety of positive reasons, but it also can lead to increased vulnerability to injury, burnout, limited skill development, and negative effects on mental well-being as a result of intense training from a young age. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age of sport specialization and training components to the achievements. This was a correlational survey and a cross-sectional approach to elite athletes in the city of Bandung. The sample for this study consisted of 84 high-level athletes who competed in 27 different sports and were eligible for athlete incentives from the government. Athletes were surveyed using a questionnaire to answer questions about their debut age, training frequency, duration, intensity, and highest championship achievement. The results of bivariate analysis showed that age, gender, age of specialization, duration of exercise, and intensity of exercise were not related to sports achievement. Based on the results of statistical analysis, it was known that the frequency of exercise was significantly correlated with sports achievement. Compared to athletes who train less than five times per week, athletes who train more than five times per week were found to have higher performance. Future possible research will assist in identifying the success factors of young athletes who begin sports specialisation at a young age.
Effectiveness of muscle force and speed of movement carreau shot at distances of 6 and 7-meter petanque sport
Authors: Irawan Fajar Awang , Ramadhan Ahmad Teguh , Junaidi Said , Hadi Hadi , Romadhoni Syahru , Muhibbi Muhammad
Published: May 2024

The problem found is that the point in the shot is not optimal. The study aims to analyze the muscle strength factor / impulse force and speed of movement to produce a carreau shot. The study is a quantitative study with a descriptive approach and survey method, data obtained from the analysis of the kinovea application software version 0.9.4 involving 9 people sample. The results of this study showed a distance of 6 and 7 meters (average ± std. dev), i.e.: 1) muscle strength or pulse 4.73 N ± 0.36 N and 4.58 N ± 0.35 N. 2) movement speed in backswing phase 0.85 m/s ± 0.42 m/s and 0.59 m/s ± 0.27 m/s, swing phase 3.26 m/s ± 0.67 m/s and 3.17 m/s ± 0.78 m/s, and release phase 8.89 m/s ± 0.75 m/s and 8.37 m/s ± 0.58 m/s. The conclusion is that shooting a carreau at a distance of 6 and 7 meters in this study obtained an average score of 17./14 in the middle category with a percentage of 31.5%/25.9%. This study was used as a reference to the trainer making a training program for each athlete to get a high-precision shot.
Need analysis for innovation in integrated learning models for micro-teaching course: Explanatory sequential design
Authors: Blegur Jusuf , Ma'mun Amung , Berliana Berliana , Mahendra Agus , Layao Michelle Mordeno
Published: May 2024

One of the keys to successful learning model development is conducting a comprehensive needs analysis on actual performance, desired performance, and causes of performance gaps. This research aims to analyze student performance needs so that they can become a credible basis for consideration when designing the syntax of learning experiences for integrated learning models for micro-teaching courses. Researchers used an explanatory sequential design when completing the study, so quantitative research became the main focus for data collection and analysis, which was emphasized by qualitative studies. There were 107 research respondents, namely 75 students, two lecturers, and 30 physical education teachers. Data on actual performance, desired performance, and causes of performance gaps on the variables of teaching skills, analytical thinking skills, academic integrity, and transformational leadership were collected using 12 statements. Qualitative data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively and with Kruskal-Wallis to test differences in actual performance and desired performance of the three groups of respondents. Meanwhile, for qualitative data, researchers used thematic analysis. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test prove that there are no significant differences between the three groups of respondents in actual performance (0.365 0.05) or desired performance (0.758 0.05). Students, lecturers, and teachers agree that teaching skills, analytical thinking skills, academic integrity, and transformational leadership are important requirements in developing integrated learning models. Meanwhile, the causes of performance gaps are not limited to lack of training experience, lack of opportunity to analyze problems and make decisions, lack of role models, or lack of support from lecturers and colleagues in lectures. Thus, in developing the model, the performance tasks designed must be able to overcome this performance gap by increasing students' experience in operational and clinical exercises during lectures
The Development of Tavern Legislation during the Preparation of the wine Reform of 1863 in Russia
Authors: Goryushkina N. E.
Published: May 2024

Relevance. The wine reform of 1863 is an important stage in the improvement of Russian legislation on the tavern industry. But the activities of the Special Committee for the Development of tavern legislation in historiography have not received adequate coverage. The problem raised in the article is very relevant for the correct interpretation of the history of tavern establishments. The purpose is to show the activities of a Special Committee headed by A.P. Zablotsky-Desyatovsky on the development of tavern legislation in Russia.

The objectives arising from the designated goal are to ensure that: to describe the state of the tavern industry on the eve of the wine reform; to reveal the course of preparation of the "Regulations on the tavern industry"; to highlight the requirements legally imposed on tavern establishments.

The methodology of the article includes the principles of objectivity, historicism and consistency, which complemented the historical-chronological, historical-comparative research methods.

Results. There was no general legislation regulating the activities of tavern establishments in Russia for a long time, different laws regulated the tavern industry in capitals, port, provincial, and county towns. They were extensive, confusing, and hampered the initiative of the hotel owners, but left many aspects of the activity without instructions. The government has been developing tavern legislation for a long time. The merit in the creation of the all-Russian "Regulations on tavern establishments" belongs to a Special commission under the leadership of A.P. Zablotsky-Desyatovsky. She carried out this work as part of the preparation of the wine reform. The "Regulations on tavern establishments" became the fundamental document that defined the conditions and nature of the tavern business for several decades.

Conclusion. The "Regulations on Tavern Establishments", highly approved on July 4, 1861, corresponded to the spirit of the times. It made it possible to establish clear rules for the functioning of tavern establishments. Their number increased significantly in the second half of the XIX century, budget revenues from taverns became a prominent part of budgets at all levels.
The Attitude of the Political Parties of the Russian Empire to the War With Austria-Hungary and Germany in 1914
Authors: Viziltir E. V.
Published: May 2024

Relevance. The war that began in 1914 met the growing needs of the bourgeoisie class, as it was a source of enormous profits. In the event of a victory, Russia would gain exclusive dominance over the Black Sea, Asia Minor and the Balkan Peninsula. The war was also supposed to serve as a lightning rod against the growing revolutionary movement and the impending revolution. On the eve of the war, the labor movement in Russia reached exceptional tension, in its scope it was comparable to the revolutionary year 1905. In such circumstances, the war was supposed to "extinguish" the growing discontent of the people. The study of the attitude of political parties in the Russian Empire to the war is of not only theoretical but also practical interest, since the possibilities of preventing a new world war are largely related to the position of various social forces, political parties, the state of civil society, and the ability to negotiate controversial issues.

Purpose. To investigate the attitude of the political parties of the Russian Empire to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

Objectives: to analyze the political situation in the country by 1914 and characterize the positions of Russian political parties in their attitude to the war.

Methodology. The author's methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. The methods of information synthesis and analysis, the method of generalization of the obtained data, and the ideographic method are also used.

Results. In the study, the author shows the process of unification of Russian political parties in relation to the war with Austria-Hungary and Germany that began in 1914. At that moment, all party barriers fell, and representatives of political parties recognized the need for a war to a victorious end. But the Mensheviks and Trudoviks opposed war loans, and the Bolsheviks protested against the war.

Conclusion. An analysis of the sources showed that the war consolidated Russian society. Representatives of all parties, except the Social Democrats, supported Russia's participation in the war, considering it defensive.