bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First‐principles study of helium incorporation in Pu‐La2Zr2O7 pyrochlore
Authors: Liu Chenguang , Gao Rongrong , Xia Xiaoyi , Yang Kunjie , Liu Yuelin , Yang Pan , Peng Qing , Gao Fei
Published: September 2024

Helium (He) exerts significant influence on the physicochemical, structural, and electronic properties of pyrochlores. This paper reviews recent advancements in computer simulations aimed at stabilizing nuclear waste, focusing on disordered structures of pyrochlores, zirconate pyrochlores, and high‐entropy pyrochlores. Using Pu‐La2Zr2O7 as a case study, we demonstrate how a first‐principles approach facilitates the understanding of how He modifies the structural and electronic properties of this system. The incorporation of He interstitials in Pu‐La2Zr2O7 typically leads to an expansion in lattice constant and volume swelling. Analysis of the formation energies in this system reveals that octahedral interstitial sites or zirconium (Zr) vacancy sites are favored for He occupation, resulting in the formation of substitutional He atoms. The low concentration of He atoms in Pu‐La2Zr2O7 reduces the formation energy of cation antisite defects. Bader charge analysis indicates that the < Zr‐O > bond exerts a greater influence on the irradiation resistance of the He‐Pu‐La2Zr2O7 system compared to the < La‐O > bond. Moreover, the capacity for He interstitials increases with higher Pu concentration in the octahedrons.
High‐temperature ablation resistance prediction of ceramic coatings using machine learning
Authors: Sun Jia , Zhang Zhixiang , Zhang Yujia , Zhang Xuemeng , Guo Jingjing , Fu Qiangang , Wu Lianwei
Published: September 2024

Surface ablation temperature and linear ablation rate are two crucial indicators for ceramic coatings under ultrahigh temperatures service, yet the results collection of such two indicators in the process is difficult due to the long‐period material preparation and the high‐cost test. In this work, four kinds of machine learning models are applied to predict the above two indicators. The Random Forest (RF) model exhibits a high accuracy of 87% in predicting surface ablation temperature, while a low accuracy of 60% in linear ablation rate. To optimize the model, the novel features are constructed based on the original features by the sum of the importance weights in the model. Thereafter, the importance of the newly constructed features increases significantly, and the accuracy of the optimized RF model is improved by 11%, exceeding 70% in accuracy. By validation with available data and experiments, the optimized model demonstrates precise predictions of the target variables.
Lotus Sprout Extract Induces Selective Melanosomal Autophagy and Reduces Pigmentation
Authors: Geyfman Mikhail , Chung Robin , Boissy Raymond , Poloso Neil , Kadoya Kuniko , Maitra Prithwiraj , Mehta Rahul
Published: September 2024

Background

Hyperpigmentation disorders are caused by the excess production and irregular accumulation of melanin. Existing treatments often have limited efficacy and adverse effects, necessitating the development of new skin‐brightening agents. Lotus sprout extract (LSE) was identified as a potential pigment‐correcting agent. However, the active compounds responsible for driving mechanisms related to this activity remain unknown.

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the effects of LSE and its active components, neferine and liensinine, on melanin accumulation and to understand how LSE reduces skin pigmentation.

Methods

Melanin accumulation was analyzed in MNT‐1 human melanoma cells and MelanoDerm human skin equivalents following neferine, liensinine, or LSE treatment. The effects of the compounds on different pathways regulating melanin levels were evaluated by gene expression, biochemical assays, and western blotting. Melanosome ultrastructure was monitored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Results

Neferine and liensinine reduced melanin accumulation in MNT‐1 cells without downregulating melanogenesis‐related genes or inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Instead, these compounds increased autophagic flux, suggesting that the reduction in pigmentation was due to increased melanin degradation. LSE also reduced melanin accumulation and activated autophagy in normal human melanocytes and MelanoDerm tissue. Autophagosomes induced by LSE treatment contained only melanosomes, and structural changes in melanosomes suggested that LSE may disrupt melanosome maturation.

Conclusion

This study revealed a novel mechanism for LSE, neferine, and liensinine in reducing pigmentation, potentially through the induction of autophagy and subsequent melanosome degradation. These findings suggest that LSE and its enriched bioactive compounds could be promising agents for treating hyperpigmentation.
Comparison of the predictive value of four insulin resistance surrogates and hyperuricemia in women with recurrent pregnancy loss: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Mei , Mu Fang‐Xiang , Wang Fang
Published: September 2024

Background

Insulin resistance (IR), hyperuricemia (HUA), and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders, while also impacting reproductive health. The relationship between IR, HUA, and RPL has not been thoroughly investigated. This study investigates the relationship between four IR surrogates and the risk of HUA in RPL patients.

Methods

Data from a real‐world study on RPL in China were analyzed using multivariable regression to determine the relationship between HUA and triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride glucose‐body mass index (TyG‐BMI), triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL‐c) ratio, and metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS‐IR). The predictive ability of these surrogates for detecting HUA in RPL patients was evaluated using the area under the curve and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed using bootstrapping resampling.

Results

The study included 769 patients with a mean age of 30 ± 4 years old, 8.32% of whom had HUA. Four IR surrogates were closely related to HUA in patients of RPL after adjusting for age, menstrual cycle, creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total cholesterol, homocysteine, and low‐density lipoprotein, with area under the curve values of TyG index (OR = 0.693, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.626, 0.759), TyG‐BMI (OR = 0.731 95% CI: 0.657, 0.805), TG/HDL‐C (OR = 0.703, 95% CI: 0.641, 0.764), and METS‐IR (OR = 0.728, 95% CI: 0.655, 0.799). Bootstrap resampling yielded similar results.

Conclusions

The TyG index, TyG‐BMI, TG/HDL‐c, and METS‐IR significantly correlated with HUA in patients with RPL. The TyG‐BMI had the highest predictive value of the four IR surrogates.
Thermal Facial Profile and Orofacial Myofunctional Aspects in Movement Disorder Patients: Comparison Between Parkinson Disease and Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3
Authors: Cortés Yineth Carolina Navarrette , Castelo Paula Midori , Feitosa Luciana Cerqueira , Diaféria Giovana Lúcia Azevedo , de Veiga Said Angélica , Neves Carolina Ribeiro , Barsottini Orlando , Bommarito Silvana
Published: September 2024

Objective

To evaluate the orofacial myofunctional characteristics, masticatory performance and facial thermal profile in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA3), comparing with healthy control ones.

Method

Seventy‐two participants aged between 30 and 85 years were evaluated and divided into PD, SCA3 and control groups. The assessments included clinical evaluation using the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores protocol (orofacial structures, mastication, swallowing and breathing aspects), masticatory performance assessed with a colour‐changeable chewing gum and infrared thermography. The Kruskal–Wallis, one‐way ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests were applied.

Results

With the exception of face and tongue, a difference was seen in the cheek, maxillomandibular relationship, lips, mentalis muscle and palate appearance and posture between patients and healthy control participants. Orofacial mobility, swallowing and masticatory function also scored higher in the control group. The SCA3 and PD groups required more time to eat the test‐food and showed greater facial temperature asymmetries than the control one (p < 0.05). Masticatory performance measured by chewing gum did not differ.

Conclusion

Facial temperature asymmetries, swallowing and masticatory function scores and the time needed by the SCA3 and PD groups to eat the test‐food were different from healthy participants, drawing attention to the impaired orofacial functions in patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
An approach for accurately orienting artificial teeth into their denture base sockets of CAD‐CAM milled dentures: A dental technique
Authors: Alqarni Abdulaziz M. , Marghalani Thamer Y.
Published: September 2024

A novel technique was devised to create a stabilizing guide to accurately maintain the position of CAD‐CAM‐milled artificial teeth in their denture base socket during the bonding process. This ensures that the artificial teeth and denture base are adequately bonded to reproduce the designed occlusion and reduce chair‐side adjustment.
Effectiveness of different surface treatments on bond strength between 3D‐printed teeth and denture base
Authors: Pereira Anne Karoline de Holanda Cavalcanti , Costa Rayanna Thayse Florêncio , Leão Rafaella de Souza , Casado Bruno Gustavo da Silva , Batista Andre Ulisses Dantas , Moraes Sandra Lúcia Dantas
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To investigate the effects of different surface treatments and thermal cycling on the shear bond strength between 3D‐printed teeth and denture bases.

Material and Methods

For the shear bond strength (SBS) test, the specimens were the maxillary central incisors (11 × 9 × 7 mm) bonded on a cylindrical base (20 × 25 mm). The control group was heat‐cured polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (N = 20). The printed group was divided into five subgroups (N = 20): no treatment, sandblasting with aluminum oxide (Al2O3), methyl methacrylate monomer, acetone, and adhesive with urethane dimethacrylate. Half of the samples were subjected to 2000 thermal cycling cycles, and all samples were subjected to the SBS test. The failure mode was established as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed through stereomicroscopic analysis. The surface roughness test (Sa) was performed using optical profilometry, and the rectangular specimens (14 × 14 × 2.5 mm) were divided into four groups according to the surface treatments (N = 7 per group). Paired T and Wilcoxon tests were conducted to perform comparisons within the same group. The Kruskal–Wallis and Dwass‐Steel‐Critchlow‐Fligner post‐hoc tests were conducted to compare the groups.

Results

Al2O3 sandblasting in the 3D‐printed groups achieved high SBS values comparable to those of the control group in the thermal cycled (p = 0.962) and non‐thermal cycled samples (p = 0.319). It was the only treatment capable of modifying the surface of the 3D‐printed resin, thereby increasing the roughness (p = 0.016).

Conclusions

Sandblasting is recommended to increase the bond strength between the tooth and denture bases.
Clinical internal and marginal fit of metal‐ceramic fixed dental prostheses fabricated with selective laser melting and 3D‐printed pattern casting using cobalt‐chromium metal alloy
Authors: Bani‐Younes Saja Adel , Al Fodeh Rami S. , Khasawneh Lina , Tabnjh Abedelmalek
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the fit of metal–ceramic three‐unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) and 3D‐printed casting pattern (CP) and to compare the effect of tooth type and ceramic veneering on marginal and internal gaps.

Materials and Methods

Patients requiring posterior three‐unit FDPs were selected. For each subject, two FDPs were fabricated using SLM and CP. Silicon replica was used to measure the internal and marginal fit of frameworks before and after ceramic veneering. For each replica, 36 measurements were performed using a stereomicroscope: 4 marginal and 32 internal (4 deep chamfers, 12 axial, 4 axio‐occlusal, and 12 occlusal). Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way ANOVA and paired t‐test.

Results

A total of 44 metal–ceramic FDPs were fabricated in 22 patients. The results showed that the fabrication method had no significant effect on the marginal, deep chamfer, or occlusal gaps. However, the method significantly affected the axial, axio‐occlusal, and total internal fit, and the SLM had larger gaps than the CP. For the effect of ceramic veneering, measurements were significantly higher in the CP group at all gaps, except for the premolar axial and molar occlusal gaps. The SLM fit was less affected by ceramic veneering. Only premolar gaps significantly increased at the marginal, deep chamfer, and axial and axio‐occlusal positions.

Conclusion

Metal–ceramic FDPs fabricated using SLM and CP techniques provided a similar marginal fit. Premolars had smaller discrepancies compared to molars. The ceramic veneering process increased the gap of the prostheses, with SLM being less affected by ceramic veneering.
FACIES PARTITIONING AT REGIONAL AND FIELD SCALES IN THE BARREMIAN KHARAIB‐2 CARBONATES, UAE
Authors: Gatel Pierre , Borgomano Jean , Kenter Jeroen , Mecheri Tarek
Published: September 2024

Carbonates in the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian to early Aptian) Kharaib Formation are reservoir rocks at giant oil fields in the UAE and Qatar. The Barremian Kharaib‐2 member (K60), the focus of this study, is in general composed of a regionally continuous succession of high‐energy, shallow‐water limestones bounded above and below by “dense” low‐energy mud‐rich strata. Despite several decades of research, conventional carbonate facies classification schemes and resulting facies groupings for the Kharaib‐2 member have failed to show a statistically acceptable correlation with core‐ and log‐derived petrophysical data. Moreover, sedimentary bodies potentially responsible for dynamic reservoir heterogeneities have not clearly been identified. This paper proposes a standardized facies classification scheme for the Kharaib‐2 carbonates based on vertical facies proportion curves (VPCs) and variogram analyses of core data to construct stratigraphic correlations at both field and regional scales. Data came from 295 cored wells penetrating the Kharaib‐2 member at ten fields in the on‐ and offshore UAE. Thin, dense intervals separating reservoir units were adopted as fourth‐order transgressive units and were used for stratigraphic correlation. Field‐scale probability maps were used to identify sedimentary bodies such as shallow‐water rudistid shoals.

Regional stratigraphic correlations of the Kharaib‐2 member carbonates based on the VPCs identified variations in depositional environments, especially for the lower part of the reservoir unit; depositional facies at fields in the SE of the UAE were interpreted to be more distal compared to those at offshore fields to the NW. At a field scale, the VPCs failed to identify significant lateral variations in the carbonates. However, variogram analyses of cored wells showed spatial concentrations of specific facies in the inner ramp domain which could be correlated with high‐energy depositional bodies such as shoals dominated by rudist debris. The bodies were sinusoidal in plan view with lengths of up to 8 km and widths of ca. 1 km. Although similar‐shaped bodies with these dimensions have been reported from other carbonate depositional systems, they have not previously been reported in the Kharaib Formation. At a regional (inter‐field) scale, the stratigraphic correlation of standardized sedimentary facies remains problematic; however, mapping of facies associations and their relative proportions relative to their environments of deposition demonstrated new patterns for the stratigraphic architecture of the Kharaib‐2 member in the UAE.
Atypical Mycobacterium abscessusBlaRI Ortholog Mediates Regulation of Energy Metabolism but Not β‐Lactam Resistance
Authors: Bonefont Lauren E. , Davenport Haley C. , Chaton Catherine T. , Korotkov Konstantin V. , Rohde Kyle H.
Published: September 2024

Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is highly drug resistant, and understanding regulation of antibiotic resistance is critical to future antibiotic development. Regulatory mechanisms controlling Mab's β‐lactamase (BlaMab) that mediates β‐lactam resistance remain unknown. S. aureus encodes a prototypical protease‐mediated two‐component system BlaRI regulating the β‐lactamase BlaZ. BlaR binds extracellular β‐lactams, activating an intracellular peptidase domain which cleaves BlaI to derepress blaZ. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) encodes homologs of BlaRI (which we will denote as BlaIR to reflect the inverted gene order in mycobacteria) that regulate not only the Mtb β‐lactamase, blaC, but also additional genes related to respiration. We identified orthologs of blaIRMtb in Mab and hypothesized that they regulate blaMab. Surprisingly, neither deletion of blaIRMab nor overexpression of only blaIMab altered blaMab expression or β‐lactam susceptibility. However, BlaIMab did bind to conserved motifs upstream of several Mab genes involved in respiration, yielding a putative regulon that partially overlapped with BlaIMtb. Prompted by evidence that respiration inhibitors including clofazimine induce the BlaI regulon in Mtb, we found that clofazimine triggers induction of blaIRMab and its downstream regulon. Highlighting an important role for BlaIRMab in adapting to disruptions in energy metabolism, constitutive repression of the BlaIMab regulon rendered Mab highly susceptible to clofazimine. In addition to our unexpected findings that BlaIRMab does not regulate β−lactam resistance, this study highlights the novel role of mycobacterial BlaRI‐type regulators in regulating electron transport and respiration.
The Importance of Time: Nurses' Experiences of Working With Suicide Prevention and Suicide Risk Assessment in the Care of Older People
Authors: Eriksson Emelie , Säfströmer Karin , Hultsjö Sally , Persdotter Anna , Wärdig Rikard
Published: September 2024

Aim

To describe nurses' experiences of working with suicide prevention and suicide risk assessment in the care of older people.

Background

Suicide is a problem among older people, worldwide. Risk factors for suicide are, among others, depression, illness and pain and a feeling of isolation. Nurses have valuable experience in suicide prevention and risk assessments. This study can shed light on what is needed to promote the mental health of older people, which has been partly overlooked in previous research.

Methods/Design

A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. Ten nurses working in care of older people across four different municipalities were interviewed. Conventional content analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results

Despite shortcomings in guidelines, nurses describe performing suicide risk assessments and suicide prevention in a similar manner. The importance of giving the patients time is emphasised, although time is exactly what appears to be lacking.

Conclusion

By engaging with the experiences of nurses, important aspects that require further attention are highlighted. Nurses should inquire about suicidal ideation, even if older persons do not explicitly express such thoughts. Normal ageing needs to be comprehended and considered in assessments. In this work, time is important.

Patient or Public Contribution

The results were coproduced by means of interviews with nurses working in care of older people.

Reporting Method

The study was conducted in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines.

Implications for Practice

Encountering older people who may have experienced the loss of loved ones and addressing one's personal capabilities in the context of the ageing body imposes substantial challenges on nursing care, necessitating a capacity to adeptly navigate and address these complex issues.
Do agroecological practices control Ralstonia solanacearum wilt on solanaceous crops? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bagri Bouraïma Moukaïla , Bielders Charles L. , Sikirou Rachidatou , Ezin Vincent Awe , Ahohuendo Bonaventure Cohovi , Achigan‐Dako Enoch G.
Published: September 2024

The effectiveness of agroecological management strategies (AEMS) in controlling bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) remains a critical question. A quantitative review was conducted based on publications reporting agroecological bacterial wilt management practices under on‐station or on‐farm field conditions in electronic libraries, without geographical restrictions, on tomato, pepper, eggplant and potato. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 papers were retained, resulting in 644 and 146 observations of bacterial wilt incidence (BWI) and yield, respectively. The effectiveness of AEMS for each crop was evaluated based on BWI and crop yield. The effect size was calculated as the natural logarithm of the response ratio, and confidence intervals were determined by bootstrapping. Varietal control, biological control (used of biological control agents) and combinations of many AEMS were the most reported practices, both under on‐station and on‐farm conditions. The use of plant extracts (Thymus spp., Crotalaria spp.), grafting, solarization, soil amendments (manure, compost) and crop rotations (with maize, beans) were also reported. All AEMS significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence and increased yields compared to the untreated plots. Grafting, combinations of control methods, varietal control and biological control were the most effective agroecological practices in reducing BWI and increasing yield in tomato and eggplant. Varietal control was the most effective compared to biological control on pepper. The effectiveness of AEMS also varied with crop susceptibility and origin, climatic zone and soil acidity. This study highlights the potential of AEMS in reducing BWI and increasing crop yield in infested soils.
Inter‐hospital variations in the respiratory outcomes of very and extremely pre‐term infants: A cohort study in Japan
Authors: Mimura Wataru , Shinjo Daisuke , Isayama Tetsuya , Fushimi Kiyohide
Published: September 2024

Background

Hospital‐level and international variations exist in the management strategies of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, studies evaluating hospital‐level variations in the respiratory outcomes of pre‐term infants associated with differing management strategies of BPD are lacking.

Objective

Herein, we aimed to assess inter‐hospital variations in the respiratory outcomes of BPD in very pre‐term and extremely pre‐term infants.

Methods

In this cohort study, the administrative claims and discharge summary data were extracted from 276 hospitals in Japan between April 2014 and March 2016. This study assessed neonates of a gestational age of 22–31 weeks old, who had been hospitalised for ≥7 days.

The primary outcome was a BPD defined using any respiratory support, such as supplemental oxygen, high‐flow nasal cannula, CPAP, or mechanical ventilation at 36 weeks PMA. The median odds ratio (MOR) was calculated using a multilevel logistic regression model, including baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and treatment as covariates, to evaluate the inter‐hospital variation of the outcome.

Results

Of the 8143 neonates from across 132 hospitals, 53.7% were male, with a mean gestational age (standard deviation) of 28.0 (2.5)‐weeks‐old and birthweight of 1086 (386) g. Among these patients, BPD occurred in 2737 (33.6%). The MOR was 2.49, representing the median value of odds ratios when comparing two neonates with identical covariates from hospitals with high and low propensity for the outcomes to occur.

Conclusions

Outcome variations in the BPD were observed among hospitals in Japan, even after adjusting for individual factors, including gestational age, birthweight, comorbidities, and treatments. Thus, in Japan, developing strategies is essential to decrease the BPD rates, while minimising inter‐hospital heterogeneity, to improve the healthcare quality for pre‐term neonates.
A novel HLA‐DQB1*03 variant allele, HLA‐DQB1*03:01:01:64, identified by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Kouniaki Diamanto , Kitsiou Vasiliki , Tsirogianni Alexandra
Published: September 2024

The HLA‐DQB1*03:01:01:64 allele differs from HLA‐DQB1*03:01:01:03 by a single nucleotide substitution in intron 2.
Infections following chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: 2018–2022
Authors: Keri Vishakh C. , Monday Lea M. , Ramakrishna Jahanavi M. , Vyas Rahul , Deol Abhinav , Al‐Saadi Mahmoud , Chandrasekar Pranatharthi H.
Published: September 2024

Background

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy is an emerging therapeutic modality for relapsed and refractory hematological malignancies. Infectious complications following CAR T‐cell therapy are not well defined.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of data on patients who received CAR T‐cell therapy between April 2018 and December 2022 at the Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit. Patients’ data were collected up to their last known clinic or inpatient follow‐up visit. An infectious episode was defined as any microbiologically proven or clinically documented infection.

Results

Seventy‐six patients received therapy with FDA‐approved CAR T‐cell products. Thirty‐three patients (43.4%) had at least one infectious episode. There were 61 infectious episodes during a median follow‐up of 184 (96–340) days. Median duration for the onset of infection was 59 (22–209) days. Bacterial and viral infections occurred in 42.6% and 41% of the infectious episodes, respectively. COVID‐19 was the most common infectious complication (14.8%). Time‐to‐event analysis showed that most infections occurred within the first 100 days. Empirical antibiotic use during Cytokine Release Syndrome/Immune effector Cell‐Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (CRS/ICANS) in the absence of documented bacterial infection was reported in 85.7% of patients. Clostridioides difficile accounted for 11.5% of all infectious episodes. Five of six patients with C. difficile infection had CRS/ICANS and received antibiotics.

Conclusion

COVID‐19 and C. difficile infection were the most common infections following CAR T‐cell therapy. Most infections occurred within the first 100 days. Empiric antibiotic use and C. difficile infection were common in patients with CRS/ICANS, in the absence of documented bacterial infection, thus providing an excellent opportunity for antimicrobial stewardship in this population.

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Actions on classifiable C*‐algebras without equivariant property (SI)
Authors: Gardella Eusebio , Kranz Julian , Vaccaro Andrea
Published: September 2024

We exhibit examples of actions of countable discrete groups on both simple and non‐simple nuclear stably finite C*‐algebras that are tracially amenable but not amenable. We furthermore obtain that, under the additional assumption of strict comparison, amenability is equivalent to tracial amenability plus the equivariant analogue of Matui–Sato's property (SI). By virtue of this equivalence, our construction yields the first known examples of actions on classifiable C*‐algebras that do not have equivariant a over show that such actions can be chosen to absorb the trivial action on the universal UHF algebra, thus proving that equivariant ‐stability does not in general imply equivariant property (SI).
Varieties over Q¯$\overline{\mathbb {Q}}$ with infinite Chow groups modulo almost all primes
Authors: Scavia Federico
Published: September 2024

Let be the Fermat cubic curve over . In 2002, Schoen proved that the group is infinite for all primes . We show that is infinite for all prime numbers . This gives the first example of a smooth projective variety over such that is infinite for all but at most finitely many primes . A key tool is a recent theorem of Farb–Kisin–Wolfson, whose proof uses the prismatic cohomology of Bhatt–Scholze.
РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ CENTRAL ASIAN/RUSSIAN 94-32 КЛАСТЕРА ГЕНОТИПА BEIJING СРЕДИ НОВЫХ СЛУЧАЕВ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА В КАЗАХСТАНЕ
Authors: Ахметова А.Ж. , Абилова Ж.М. , Ережепов Д.А. , Бисмилда В.Л. , Чингисова Л.Т. , Филипенко М.Л. , Акильжанова А.Р. , Кожамкулов У.А.
Published: September 2024

Туберкулез (ТБ) все еще остается одной из актуальных проблем медицины в Казахстане. Казахстан входит в тридцатку стран с высокими показателями ТБ с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью (МЛУ-ТБ), ассоциированного с устойчивостью к самым эффективным антибиотикам первого ряда – рифампицину и изониазиду. Согласно исследованиям, МЛУ-ТБ взаимосвязан с генотипом Beijing. 95% рифампицин- и 50-95% изониазид-устойчивых M. tuberculosis имеют мутации в rpoB и katG генах, наиболее распространенными являются мутации Ser531Leu в 531 кодоне и Ser315Thr в 315 кодоне данных генов, соответственно.
Цель данного исследования: определить доминирующие кластеры генотипа Beijing среди новых случаев ТБ, оценить их взаимосвязь с МЛУ-ТБ и с самыми распространенными мутациями Ser531Leu и Ser315Thr в rpoB и katG генах.
В данной работе было собрано 527 клинических изолятов M. tuberculosis от впервые выявленных случаев туберкулеза из разных областей Казахстана. Генотипирование всех образцов M. tuberculosis было проведено по 24MIRU-VNTR методу. Для изолятов генотипа Beijing дополнительно был проведен RD-анализ по RD105 локусу. Определение мутаций в генах лекарственной устойчивости M. tuberculosis было проведено аллель-специфическим ПЦР в режиме реального времени и секвенированием по методу Сэнгера. c2 и c2 с поправкой Йетса были определены с помощью SPSS Statistics 24.0 и MedCalc online, соответственно.
В нашем исследовании генотип Beijing был идентифицирован в 60% (316/527) случаях. 
Central Asian/Russian 94-32 кластер был самым распространенным кластером среди Beijing изолятов (50,3%; 159/316). Три других доминирующих Beijing кластеров, которые были определены в исследовании - 94-33 (3,5%; 11/316), 100-32 (3,2%; 10/316) и 99-32 (2,8%; 9/316). В нашей работе генотип Beijing был ассоциирован с лекарственно-устойчивым ТБ (p<0.0001), в том числе с МЛУ-ТБ (p=0.0001). Среди изолятов Beijing, Central Asian/Russian 94-32 кластер показал ассоциацию с МЛУ-ТБ (p=0.0183). Мутация Ser531Leu rpoB гена была взаимосвязана с генотипом Beijing в целом (p<0.0001; OR = 14.2000; 95%CI: 4.2847–47.0600), но не с определенным Beijing кластером (p>0.05). Мутация Ser315Thr в katG гене не имела статистически достоверную ассоциацию с генотипом Beijing и его доминирующими кластерами (p>0.05). 
Таким образом, полученные результаты показали важную роль генотипа Beijing и его Central Asian/Russian 94-32 кластера в распространении лекарственно-устойчивого, в том числе МЛУ-ТБ в Казахстане.
Performance of the food value chain network in turbulent scenarios: covid-19 and food scandals
Authors: Briz Julian , De Felipe Isabel , Briz Teresa
Published: September 2024

The work analyzes the Network of Food Chains (NFC) subjected to turbulence that forces to design strategies to meet the objectives of supplying humanity with affordable food, in quantity, quality, place and adequate times.
The methodology raises the impacts on the NFC through its flows production and services, financing and information, according to the paradigm of Industrial Organization structure-conduct-performance. The main impacts on structure and behavior and the consequences on their functioning are described.
Strength and resilience are significant strategies to follow, including the special role of the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN), in coordination with the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) and other public and private institutions. The results include health and economic effects. Through the SOWT matrix, the effects of paradigm shift, risks and challenges faced are exposed. In the case of Spain, the effects of African Swine Fever, rapeseed oil scandals, mad cow disease (BSE) and COVID-19 are reported.
Finally, the conclusions show the basic principles that the NFC analysis models must follow, as well as the strategies to be applied in the strengthening and resilience to diminish the impacts received.
Reducing School Dropout Risk in a Mexican Private University
Authors: Cuautle Gutierrez Luis
Published: September 2024

Objective. This work shows how the Define-Measure-Analysis-Improve-Control (DMAIC) cycle reduces the school dropout risk in a Mexican private University.
Materials and method. The materials used to develop this research were data collected from an academic enterprise resource planning software called UNISOFT, property of the Mexican Private University as well as the statistical software Minitab to perform all the numerical analysis. The methodology used to reduce the school dropout risk in the freshman year of studies of engineering was Six Sigma.
Results and discussion. Three six-sigma metrics were developed and measured to understand the process and reduce risk management. Each phase contributes to identify the root cause and to formulate possible solutions.
Conclusions. The DMAIC methodology was implemented in a period of four semesters; it involved both management and academic personnel. The results show an improvement in the dropout indexes and a new approach is being considered by the Faculty to sustain the effort.
Creep Lifetime Prediction of Alloy 617 Using Black Box Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Hossain Md Abir , Stewart Calvin M.
Published: September 2024

This study explored the application of black box machine learning (ML) to build high throughput models that predict the creep response of Ni-based Alloy 617. Black box ML refers to highly complex machine learning algorithms that generate outputs from inputs without an interpretable internal process. The rapid implementation of suitable heat of alloys into targeted service is impeded by the extended qualification process involving chemistry-processing-structure-performance assessment. The ASME B&PV Code III outlines the requirement of 10,000 h of creep testing before each heat can be qualified for service and 30,000 h for heats that exhibit metastable phases. There is a critical need to shorten the development-to-deployment timeline for heats of an alloy at specific applications. Recent advancement in ML offers the ability to identify correlations in data which is difficult to elucidate by other approaches. To that end, black box ML is employed to expedite the HEAT qualification of Alloy 617 and predict performance from HEAT chemistry out to an unprecedented timescale. In this study, creep data for Ni-based Alloy 617—a solid solution strengthened material is gathered from a wide range of data sources. The alloy chemistry, phases, precipitates, and microstructural features are analyzed to obtain the key strengthening mechanism. Service conditions, mechanical properties, chemistry, and chemical ratios are provided as potential input features. The Pearson correlation coefficient with a 95% confidence bound is employed for input feature screening where poorly correlated inputs are eliminated to speed up the ML process and prevent under- and/or over-fitting of predictions. In the ML algorithm, the selected input features are regarded as predictors, and rupture is regarded as the response. An algorithm evaluation is performed where 20 ML algorithms are trained with the training set. The three-layered neural network (NN) was observed to be the best algorithm for the given data based on statistical rationale. The NN accurately predicts rupture across a range of isotherms and data sources. The interpolative and extrapolative predictions are in compliance with ECCC V5 guidelines. A post-audit validation exhibits neither under- nor over-fitting and confirms the applicability of NN algorithms to unseen data. The black box ML provides a pathway to predict the performance directly from chemistry and opens avenues to rapid heat qualification.
Genetic absence of PD-L1 does not restore CD8
+
T cell function during respiratory virus infection and delays virus clearance
Authors: Rogers Meredith C. , Lamens Kristina D. , Tollefson Sharon J. , Williams John V.
Published: September 2024

A key mediator of T cell impairment during respiratory virus infection is the inhibitory receptor PD-1. PD-1 is induced on T cells following antigen exposure, whereas proinflammatory cytokines upregulate the ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. Respiratory virus infection leads to upregulation of PD-L1 on airway epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and alveolar macrophages. However, the role of PD-L1 on different cell types in acute respiratory virus infections is not known. We sought to determine the role of PD-L1 on different cell types in CD8
+
T cell impairment. We found that PD-L1
−/−
mice challenged with human metapneumovirus or influenza showed a similar level of CD8
+
T cell impairment compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, virus clearance was delayed in PD-L1
−/−
mice compared to WT. CD8
+
T cells from PD-L1-deficient mice expressed higher levels of inhibitory receptors both at baseline and after respiratory virus infection. The antibody blockade of PD-L2 failed to restore function to the impaired cells. While reciprocal bone marrow chimeras between WT and PD-L1
−/−
mice did not restore CD8
+
T cell function after the respiratory virus challenge, mice that received the PD-L1
−/−
bone marrow had higher inhibitory receptor expression on CD8
+
cells. This discrepancy in the inhibitory receptor expression suggests that cells of the hematopoietic compartment contribute to T cell impairment on CD8
+
T cells.

IMPORTANCE

The phenomenon of pulmonary CD8
+
T cell impairment with diminished antiviral function occurs during acute respiratory virus infection mediated by Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) signaling. Moreover, PD-1 blockade enhances T cell function to hasten viral clearance. The ligand PD-L1 is expressed in many cell types, but which cells drive lung T cell impairment is not known. We used genetic approaches to determine the contribution of PD-L1 on lung T cell impairment. We found that PD-L2 cannot compensate for the loss of PD-L1, and PD-L1-deficient mice exhibit increased expression of other inhibitory receptors. Bone marrow chimeras between PD-L1-deficient and wild-type mice indicated that hematopoietic PD-L1 expression is associated with inhibitory receptor upregulation and impairment.
Supplemental Material: Ridgeward flow of compositionally heterogeneous mantle produces near-ridge seamount chains in the South Pacific
Authors: Guo Pengyuan , al. et
Published: September 2024

Methods (major and trace elements, Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes, and Fe isotopes), Figures S1–S7, and Tables S1–S6.  
Supplemental Material: Ash deposits link Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 to High Arctic volcanism
Authors: Dummann Wolf , al. et
Published: September 2024

Material and methods and data presented in this study.  
Supplemental Material: Trench-parallel mid-ocean ridge subduction driven by along-strike transmission of slab pull
Authors: Cui Qihua , Li Zhong-Hai
Published: September 2024

Numerical modeling methods, parameters, and additional figures.  
When and How Telomeres Lengthen in Development and Cell Lines: Evolution of Olovnikov’s Telomere Theory
Authors: Kalmykova A. I.
Published: September 2024

Telomeres are special nucleoprotein structures that protect the ends of linear chromosomes. Telomeric DNA is composed of 6-nucleotide repeats that are synthesized by telomerase, a specialized DNA polymerase. According to Alexey Olovnikov’s telomere theory of aging, replicative aging in somatic cells is caused by telomere shortening during cell division. Even before telomerase was discovered, he predicted in 1973 that telomere elongation occurs only in certain types of cells, such as germ cells, stem cells, and tumor cells. In this review, we explore the stages of animal ontogenesis where telomere elongation takes place and the mechanisms of telomere maintenance during gametogenesis and embryogenesis. The mechanism of homologous recombination that controls telomere length tuning during early embryogenesis is discussed. The advancement of modern cell technologies, including those based on induced pluripotent stem cells, inevitably raises the issue of genome stability in clinically relevant cell lines. Here we compare telomere maintenance mechanisms in embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as discuss how telomere stability can be influenced during development.
Electric storm triggered by short-coupled premature ventricular complexes in a young patient with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Manongi Ngoda , Jankelson Lior , Massera Daniele , Bhatt Reema , Goldbarg Seth
Published: September 2024

Ventricular arrhythmias are commonly associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with and without midventricular obstruction. Although the overall prognosis is relatively good with an annual mortality rate <1%, the propensity to potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia) is the most feared complication. Electrical storms are a severe manifestation of ventricular arrhythmias, with poor outcomes. In this report, we present a case of a young patient with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who presents after a syncopal episode and is found to have an electric storm that is refractory to medical therapy.
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: a rare external ear lesion presenting with leukaemia
Authors: Khan Hamad Dad , Kakar Sahil , McClelland Lisha , Hussein Hayder
Published: September 2024

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive haematological malignancy, typically characterised by cutaneous lesions and bone marrow involvement. We present a unique case of a woman in her 70s, initially seen for a spontaneous swelling on her left external ear resembling a haematoma, which recurred after initial treatment, triggering further evaluation.

Diagnostic challenges arose as the patient displayed positive markers for Myeloperoxidase (MPO) (p-ANCA), suggesting vasculitis. Dermatology considered various differential diagnoses, but imaging and tests ruled out significant pathology. Steroid treatment led to improvement, but coincided with a surge in white cell count (WCC), prompting an urgent haematological review.

Subsequent investigations, including a punch biopsy of the external ear and a bone marrow biopsy revealed BPDCN concurrent with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. This case highlights the challenging diagnostic journey, emphasising the need for multidisciplinary collaboration and the potential for unique BPDCN presentations, expanding our understanding of this malignancy.
Early presentation of urological abnormalities in a case of Wolfram syndrome
Authors: Lalwani Shilika , Shekhawat Vikram Singh , Nachankar Amit , Dwivedi Aradhana
Published: September 2024

Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D), juvenile type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), optic atrophy (OA) and deafness. We describe an early adolescent female child being managed initially as a case of juvenile type 1 DM presented with urinary retention and diminished visual acuity. Further evaluation confirmed OA and stage IV chronic kidney disease secondary to bilateral hydro-uretero-nephrosis and urinary bladder atrophy. Though AVP-D and sensorineural deafness were absent, the diagnosis of WS was established clinically and confirmed by genetic analysis. Rarity of our case was in the early involvement of bilateral renal tracts. Renal tract involvement in juvenile type 1 DM should raise suspicion of pathology other than microvascular complication. High suspicion and careful evaluation are required to make a diagnosis of WS in juvenile type 1 DM.
Comparison of side-hole and step-tip catheters for patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy in intensive care units: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Zhifeng , Liu Chen , Yang Yingying , Wang Fang , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Ling , Fu Ping
Published: September 2024

Introduction

In addition to various techniques involved in catheter insertion, catheter placement location, lumen diameter and operation and management during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), the design of the tip and side holes, as well as the position of the tip of the catheter, can also impact catheter function. Side-hole and step-tip catheters are commonly used during CRRT. However, there is insufficient evidence comparing their efficacy for CRRT in critically ill patients. And the optimal position of the tip of catheters is not well studied and remains controversial. This study was conducted to assess whether using a step-tip catheter could reduce the rate of catheter dysfunction compared with a side-hole catheter and whether inserting a longer catheter could reduce the incidence of catheter dysfunction and increase catheter survival time.

Methods and analysis

A prospective, open-label, three-arm, parallel-group, single-centre randomised controlled trial will be conducted at West China Hospital of Sichuan University in China. An estimated sample of 378 participants receiving CRRT treatment will be recruited. Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to three groups to receive different dialysis catheters for the initiation of CRRT at a 1:1:1 ratio via a central randomisation system: group A, side-hole catheters (11Fr, 200 mm; GDHK‐1120; Baxter International Inc., Deerfield, Illinois); group B, step-tip catheters (13Fr, 200 mm; GDHK‐1320; Baxter International Inc.) and group C, step-tip catheters (13Fr, 250 mm; GDHK‐1325; Baxter International Inc.). The femoral vein is the only vascular access. All catheters will be inserted under the guidance of ultrasound using the Seldinger method to reduce complications and trauma related to catheter insertion. The primary outcomes are the occurrence of catheter dysfunction and catheter survival time. Outcome assessors and data analysts will be blinded. All data will be analysed according to the group randomly assigned by an intention-to-treat analysis, in which catheters with missing data for the primary outcomes would be excluded.

Ethics and dissemination

The trial protocol has been approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (2023.1221). And the results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2300075107.