bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Posters to Engage EFL Students and Develop Their Reading Comprehension
Authors: Ahmad Samah Zakareya
Published: July 2019

This study investigates the effect of digital posters on the reading comprehension and engagement of EFL students. Thirty-three 3rd-year EFL college students were divided into a control group (n = 17) and an experimental group (n = 16). Both groups were pretested on reading comprehension and engagement before the experiment and then posttested after it. For 12 weeks, participants in the control group received their regular instruction while those in the experimental group used digital posters. Using digital posters went through six steps: orientation, preparation, production, presentation, evaluation, and reflection. While Mann-Whitney U Test showed no significant differences between the two groups in the pretest of reading comprehension (U = 118.00; p > 0.05) or engagement (U = 102.00; p > 0.05), it showed significant differences between them in the posttest of reading comprehension (U = 70.00, p < 0.05) and engagement (U = 57.00, p < 0.05). This led the researcher to reach the conclusion that digital posters significantly improved the reading comprehension and engagement of EFL students.
As influências de Nicolau Maquiavel na ética e política
Authors: Rodrigues Tayronne de Almeida , Leandro Neto João , Aluísio Vasconcelos de Carvalho
Published: July 2019

Maquiavel é um pensador italiano de grande relevância na concepção de fazer política, viveu no Século XIV. Alguns autores o caracterizam como aquele que promove mudanças radicais. É abordado nesta pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico, algumas considerações sobre a vida e obra de Nicolau Maquiavel, como também as principais contribuições do Filósofo no pensar sobre a Política, em seu pleno exercício e o poder. A proposta é caracterizar, o pensamento deste filósofo, recorrendo principalmente a sua obra basilar, O Príncipe. No decorrer da discussão poderá ser identificada a relação entre a ética e política em seu pensamento, e expressões usadas por Maquiavel como virtù, Fortuna, e a maneira de compreender o poder: tomada e manutenção.
«Con todo su ser»: El gran Šayḫ como prototipo de “españolidad”
Authors: Mora Zahonero Fernando
Published: July 2019

Resumen: Miguel Asín Palacios ha sido una figura destacada en los estudios de Ibn ʿArabī. Gracias a él, los lectores españoles han podido conocer la figura del gran sabio maestro andalusí. Su trabajo pionero influyó entre diferentes escritores, filósofos e intelectuales. En este contexto, revisamos la controversia que dos renombrados historiadores, como Sánchez Albornoz y Américo Castro, mantuvieron con respecto a Ibn ʿArabī y el modelo de hispanidad, el cual, según ellos, fue patente en sus relaciones con sus maestros y en su forma de enfrentarse a la vida «con todo su ser», expresión akbarí que analizaremos a lo largo de este artículo.Palabras clave: Miguel Asín Palacios. Revisión histórica. Sánchez Albornoz. Américo Castro. Ibn ʿArabī. Españolidad. Abstract: Miguel Asín Palacios has been a prominent figure in the studies on Ibn ʿArabī that made available to the Spanish readers the figure of the great sage andalusí. His pioneering work influenced to different writers, philosophers, and intellectuals. In this context, we review the controversy that two distinguished historians, such as Sánchez Albornoz and Américo Castro, maintained with regard to Ibn ʿArabī and the model of hispanity that, according to them, was patent in his relations withhis teachers and his way of facing life «with his whole being», an Akbarian expression that we will analyze throughout this article.Key words: Miguel Asín Palacios. History review. Sánchez Albornoz. Américo Castro. Ibn ʿArabī. Spanishness.
Compararazione dei manoscritti del Kitāb inšā’ al-dawā’ir
Authors: Marconi Maurizio
Published: July 2019

Continuazione della edizione Kitāb inšā’ al-dawā’ir.Tabella confrontando il Il più antico manoscritto Manissa (conservato presso la biblioteca di Manissa in Turchia, risale all’anno 655 dall’Egira, quindici anni dopo la morte dell’autore, ed è stato redatto da Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḫāliq al-Anṣārī direttamente dalla copia autografa che era in possesso di al-Ḥabašī) con altri tre manoscritti “storici” del libro: il manoscritto Veliyuddīn 1686, scritto a Qunya nell’anno 667 dall’Egira, da un discepolo di Ṣadruddīn al-Qunawī; il manoscritto University A4408, scritto nell’anno 748 dall’Egira, che contiene però solo alcuni estratti tratti da un originale; ed il manoscritto Bayazid 3750, copiato ad Aleppo nell’anno 782 dall’Egira da un originale. E comparando con l’edizione di H.S. Nyberg del 1919 3, ripresapoi da P. Fenton e M. Gloton nel 1996 4, si basa essenzialmente su un manoscritto conservato a Uppsala e redatto nell’anno 770 dall’Egira e su cinque manoscritti conservati a Berlino e redatti in epoche successive; ma che si basa su manoscritti spesso tardivi e, per sua stessa ammissione, pieni di errori, si riscontrano più di ottanta differenze, alcune delle qualicambiano diametralmente il senso del testo.
El silencio del corazón y la negrura del no saber. Resonancias del pensamiento de Ibn ʿArabī en la obra de Bill Viola
Authors: Crespo Ana
Published: July 2019

Resumen: Bill Viola se asoma al universo de Ibn ʿArabī, bebe de la belleza de sus paradojas y las concreta, a su vez, en enigmáticas paradojas visuales.En este artículo presentamos una reflexión sobre la cualidad simbólica del negro en la obra de Viola y su relación con el silencio del corazón. Como, desde este silencio interno, se penetra en una dimensión lucida de la conciencia, en el intermundo del barzaḫ (mundo imaginal). Las formas de Viola nacen y se diluyen en un Negromaravilloso, Noche de Luz, Negro de la sabiduría que todo lo contiene y en el que se disuelven los colores cambiantes de los estados.Mediante el uso paradójico del tiempo, la luz y el espacio, la obra de Viola induce a una experiencia contemplativa, a un conocimiento por degustación, que en el sufismo se denomina saboreo (ḏawq). La temporalidad de sus imágenes produce un distanciamiento del tiempo cuantitativo y nos conduce a un silencio interno, lo queIbn ʿArabī denomina silencio del corazón. Las imágenes de Viola nos llevan a habitar esa intensidad luminosa e inabarcable de la Luz negra.Palabras claves: Bill Viola. Negro. Luz. Silencio. Ibn ʿArabī. Imaginación. Color.Abstract: Bill Viola approaches Ibn ʿArabī’s universe, drinks from the beauty of his paradoxes and he even specifies them in visual enigmatic paradoxes.In the following article, we present a reflection about the symbolic quality of the black color in Viola’s work and the relation it has with the heart’s silence, explaining how, from the inner silence, we seek into a lucid dimension of conscience in the interworld barzaḫ’s interworld (imaginal world). Viola’s figures are born and then areblurred within a marvelous Black, a Light night, a Black of wisdom that contains everything and in which colors of changing states are dissolved.By the paradoxical use of time, light and space, Viola’s work leads to a contemplative experience which is a knowledge related to taste, a sufi term that means tasting (ḏawq). The temporary nature of Viola’s images produces a distancing from quantitative time and it takes us to an inner silence that Ibn ʿArabī calls the heart’s silence. The images bring us to inhabit that bright and immeasurable intensity of the dark Light.Key words: Bill Viola. Light. Silence. Ibn ʿArabī. Imagination. Color.
Association between Ischemic Electrocardiographic Changes during Acetylcholine Provocation Test and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Vasospastic Angina
Authors: Im Sung Il , Rha Seung-Woon , Choi Byoung Geol , Na Jin Oh , Choi Cheol Ung , Lim Hong Euy , Kim Jin Won , Kim Eung Ju , Park Chang Gyu , Seo Hong Seog
Published: July 2019

Objectives Intracoronary injection of acetylcholine (Ach) has been shown to induce significant coronary artery spasm (CAS) in patients with vasospastic angina. Clinical significance and angiographic characteristics of patients with ischemic electrocardiogram (ECG) changes during the Ach provocation test are not clarified yet. Methods A total 4,418 consecutive patients underwent coronary angiography with Ach provocation tests from 2004 to 2012 were enrolled. Ischemic ECG changes were defined as transient ST-segment depression or elevation ( > 1 mm) and T inversion with/without chest pain. Finally, a total 2,293 patients (28.5% of total subjects) proven CAS were enrolled for this study. Results A total 119 patients (5.2%) showed ECG changes during Ach provocation tests. The baseline clinical and procedural characteristics are well balanced between the two groups. Ischemic ECG change group showed more frequent chest pain, higher incidence of baseline spasm, severe vasospasm, multi-vessel involvement, and more diffuse spasm ( > 30 mm) than those without ischemic ECG changes. At 5 years, the incidences of death, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) were higher in the ischemic ECG change group despite of optimal medical therapy. Conclusions The patients with ischemic ECG changes during Ach provocation tests were associated with more frequent chest pain, baseline spasm, diffuse, severe and multi-vessel spasm than patients without ischemic ECG changes. At 5-years, the incidences of death, MACE and MACCE were higher in the ischemic ECG change group, suggesting more intensive medical therapy with close clinical follow up will be required.
The Effectiveness of Dexmedetomidine in Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy Under Monitored Anesthesia Care
Authors: Kim Kyung Woo , Park Jun Ha , Kim Seunghwan , Ahn Eun Jin , Kim Hyo Jin , Choi Hey Ran , Chang Yeo Goo , Bang Si Ra
Published: July 2019

Objectives Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) is a widely used technique for the diagnosis of breast lesions. It is carried out with local anesthesia, but procedural pain and stress are still problematic. Dexmedetomidine is a α-2 receptor agonist that can sedate without significant respiratory depression. The study aimed to report the effectiveness of sedation with monitored anesthesia care (MAC) using dexmedetomidine in VABB. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of patients who received VABB under MAC with dexmedetomidine. Forty-seven patients during the period of February 2015 to July 2016 were included. We collected data on patient characteristics, infusion drug and dose, induction to incision time, anesthetic, operation, and recovery time and other complications and vital signs. Results The mean operating time was 50.1 ± 24.9 minutes, and the anesthetic time was 71.2 ± 28.3 minutes. The mean time from induction to incision was 17.0 ± 5.2 minutes, and the recovery time was 20.1 ± 10.3 minutes. None of the patients needed an advanced airway management. Further, none of them showed hemodynamic instability. Conclusions VABB was successfully performed with MAC using dexmedetomidine, and there was no respiratory depression or hemodynamic instability.
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery in Recurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia after Other Procedures
Authors: Lee Jae Meen , Hur Beong Ik , Choi Chang Hwa
Published: July 2019

Objectives Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is undurable paroxysmal pain in the distribution of the fifth cranial nerve. Invasive treatment modalities for TN include microvascular decompression (MVD) and percutaneous procedures, such as, radiofrequency rhizotomy (RFR). Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a considerable option for patients with pain recurrence after an initial procedure. This study was undertaken to analyze the effects of gamma knife radiosurgery in recurrent TN after other procedures. Methods Eleven recurrent TN patients after other procedures underwent GKRS in our hospital from September 2004 to August 2016. Seven patients had previously undergone MVD alone, two underwent MVD with partial sensory rhizotomy (PSR), and two underwent RFR. Mean patient age was 60.5 years. We retrospectively analyzed patient's characteristics, clinical results, sites, and divisions of pain. Outcomes were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scales (VAS) score. Results Right sides were more prevalent than left sides (7:4). The most common distribution of pain was V1 + V2 division (n = 5) following V2 + V3 (n = 3), V2 (n = 2), and V1 + V2 + V3 (n = 1) division. Median GKRS dose was 80 Gy and the mean interval between the prior treatment and GKRS was 74.45 months. The final outcomes of subsequent GKRS were satisfactory in most cases, and at 12 months postoperatively ten patients (90.0%) had a VAS score of ≤ 3. Conclusions In this study, the clinical result of GKRS was satisfactory. Invasive procedures, such as, MVD, RFR are initially effective in TN patients, but GKRS provides a safe and satisfactory treatment modality for those who recurred after prior invasive treatments.
Lethal Cardiac Complications in a Long-Term Survivor of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1
Authors: Cho Min-Jung
Published: July 2019

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disease characterized by degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and motor nuclei in the lower brainstem, resulting in hypotonia, progressive proximal muscle weakness, paralysis, and progressive respiratory insufficiency. We report the case of a 6-year-old girl diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (Werdnig-Hoffman disease) who has been treated at home with non-invasive ventilation (assist-control mode with a back-up respiratory rate of 26 per minute). She presented with an atrioventricular block and atrial fibrillation, as well as paroxysmal fluctuation of blood pressure and heart rate indicating autonomic dysfunction. Although it is known that patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 do not generally demonstrate cardiac problems, it can be concluded based on findings in our case that long-term survivors with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 may develop cardiac rhythm disturbances. We therefore recommend that the possibility of cardiac complications and autonomic dysfunction should be borne in mind in the management of such patients.
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae-Associated Necrotizing Pneumonia in Children: a case-report
Authors: Lee Chan ho , Jo So Yoon , Na Keon Woo , Kim Sung Won , Hwang Yoon Ha
Published: July 2019

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most common bacterial strain causing atypical pneumonia in children and adolencents. Although it is known to cause mild symptoms, it can also cause severe pulmonary or extrapulmonary complications in rare cases. Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is often reported as a complication of Streptococcus pneumoniae and is very rarely caused by M. pneumoniae. We report a case in which a 5-year-old boy was diagnosed with lobar pneumonia with symptoms that aggravated even with macrolide antibiotic treatment. Anti-mycoplasma pneumoniae Ig-M test yielded high values, and direct polymerase chain reaction results were also positive. NP caused by M. pneumoniae was confirmed on computed tomography. After treatment involving tosufloxacin and systemic steroid, the lesion decreased in size and improved gradually when followed-up for more than 1 year. The patient did not have any predisposing or risk factors for NP.
Failure to respond to a coral disease outbreak: Potential costs and consequences
Authors: Precht William F
Published: July 2019

A coral disease with white-plague like signs was observed near Virginia Key, Florida, in September 2014. The disease outbreak directly followed a regional high temperature coral-bleaching event. Now called stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD), it has spread the length of the Florida Reef Tract from Key West to Martin County, a distance of about 450 km. Recently, the disease has also been observed at a number of sites throughout the Caribbean. The high prevalence of disease, the number of susceptible species, and the high mortality of corals affected suggests this outbreak is arguably one of the most lethal ever recorded. The initial response to this catastrophic disease by resource mangers with purview over the ecosystem was slow. There is generally a very short window of opportunity to intervene in disease amelioration or eradication in the marine environment. This slow response enabled the disease to spread unchecked. Why was the response to the loss of our coral reefs to a coral disease epidemic, such a massive failure? This includes our failure as scientists, regulators, resource managers, the local media, and policy makers alike. This review encapsulates the numerous reasons for our failures during the first few years of the outbreak. Specifically, I show how the Port Miami dredging project that was ongoing at the time of the initial outbreak created a distraction as local NGO's, regulatory agencies, and resource managers initially blamed the project for observed large-scale coral losses. However, detailed analysis of 650 tagged corals that were part of a repeated measures monitoring program required for permit compliance associated with the Port Miami dredge project reveal that both disease susceptibility and coral mortality are invariant with the results collected by a number of scientific teams throughout the region. Finally, when the agencies responded to the outbreak the effort it was too little and much too late to make a meaningful difference. Because of the languid management response to this outbreak, we are now sadly faced with a situation where much of our management efforts are focused on the rescue of genetic material from coral species now at risk of regional extinction.
Selection of reliable reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR in garlic under salt stress
Authors: Wang Guanglong , Tian Chang , Wang Yunpeng , Wan Faxiang , Hu Laibao , Xiong Aisheng , Tian Jie
Published: July 2019

Quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) has been frequently used for detecting gene expression. To obtain reliable results, selection of suitable reference genes is a fundamental and necessary step. Garlic (Allium sativum), a member from Alliaceae family, has been used both as a food flavoring and as a traditional medicine. In the present study, garlic plants were exposed to salt stress (200 mM NaCl) for 0, 1, 4 and 12 h, and garlic roots, bulbs, and leaves were harvested for subsequent analysis. The expression stability of eight candidate reference genes, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4α (eIF-4α), actin (ACTIN), tubulin β-7 (TUB7), TAP42-interacting protein of 41 kDa (TIP41), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), SAND family protein (SAND), elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α), and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) were evaluated by geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper. All genes tested displayed variable expression profiles under salt stress. In the leaf and root group, ACTIN was the best reference gene for normalizing gene expression. In garlic clove, ACTIN and SAND were the least variable, and were suitable for gene expression studies under salt stress; these two genes also performed well in all samples tested. Based on our results, we recommend that it is essential to use specific reference genes in different situations to obtain accurate results. Using a combination of multiple stable reference genes, such as ACTIN and SAND, to normalize gene expression is encouraged. The results from the study will be beneficial for accurate determination of gene expression in garlic and other plants.
Impact of Migration on Agricultural Productivity in Rural Mali
Authors: Diallo Moussa , Sene Babacar
Published: July 2019

The paper employed a national survey data of agricultural production in rural Mali. The study aimed at estimating the effect of migration on the technical efficiency of agricultural households. Therefore, a theoretical model was developed to investigate the fact, which showed that the more the migrants deliver insurance, the less incentive their behind families have to work. A production function-using cross sectional data with household-specific fixed effects was ran to test this assumption. Probability of being financially supported by migrants is found to significantly contribute to technical inefficiency. This result should help decision makers especially agricultural policy makers formulate more efficient development strategies in agricultural production sector.
Unmasking Brugada Syndrome with Oral Flecainide Provocation. A Case Series of Three Patients
Authors: Singla R. , Udyavar A. , Gupta A. , Bade A. , Munde K. , Bansal N. O.
Published: July 2019

The present case series discuss three patients who had brugada type 2/ type 3 like ECG pattern that was converted to type 1 pattern with oral flecanide challenge test. Brugada syndrome is associated with a high incidence of sudden cardiac death,   typical ECG pattern being ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads with T wave inversion. Pharmacological provocation should only be performed when the baseline ECG is not diagnostic of Brugada Syndrome. PR prolongation in the baseline ECG is also a contraindication because of the risk of inducing AV block. Drug challenge is performed under strict monitoring of BP and 12-lead ECG and facilities for cardio version and resuscitation are available. Atypical RBBB pattern/type 2/3 Brugada pattern on ECG in patients of syncope or family history of sudden cardiac arrest is commonly encountered by a cardiologist. This can be performed to provoke type 1 brugada pattern on ECG. Diagnosed cases of Brugada may be treated with ICD with proper indication if needed and thus prevent sudden cardiac death.
Development of In vitro Tetraploid Plants of Hevea brasiliensis
Authors: Divya U. K. , Kumari S. Sushama
Published: July 2019

Increase in global consumption of natural rubber necessitates crop improvement of Hevea aimed at increased productivity. As conventional breeding of Hevea is very elaborate and time consuming. Hence in the present study development of tetraploids through chromosome doubling of diploid callus obtained from cultured immature inflorescence of Hevea using colchicines were attempted. Chromosome doubling of the diploid callus occurred when treated with 1.25 µM colchicine for 3 days. In higher concentrations as well as at longer exposure periods, the callus texture and viability were affected. 48 % embryo induction and a maturation frequency of 45 % were obtained. Embryo germination and plant regeneration with a germination frequency (30 %) and a regeneration frequency (20 %) were obtained. Cytological and flow cytometric analyses confirmed the tetraploid nature of the colchicines treated callus. In vitro tetraploid plant developed through these in vitro techniques can be further used in Hevea brasiliensis breeding.
Responsiveness of the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health Short Form in Outpatients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kasturi Shanthini , Szymonifka Jackie , Berman Jessica R. , Kirou Kyriakos A. , Levine Alana B. , Sammaritano Lisa R. , Mandl Lisa A.
Published: July 2019

Objective

To evaluate the longitudinal responsiveness (sensitivity to change) of the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health Short Form (PROMIS10) in outpatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Outpatients with SLE who were receiving care at an academic medical center completed the PROMIS10 at 2 visits that were a minimum of 1 month apart. Responsiveness of the PROMIS10 global physical and mental health domains to Patient‐Reported improvement or deterioration of health status was evaluated, as measured by standard validated instruments. Effect sizes of changes in PROMIS10 scores between visits were evaluated using Kruskal‐Wallis testing.

Results

A total of 223 SLE patients enrolled and completed baseline surveys, with 186 (83.4%) completing a second set of questionnaires. The PROMIS10 demonstrated mild‐to‐moderate responsiveness to Patient‐Reported improvement (effect size 0.29) and worsening (effect sizes –0.27 and –0.54) of health status for both global physical health and global mental health. Changes in the PROMIS10 correlated poorly with changes in physician‐reported measures of disease activity.

Conclusion

The PROMIS10 showed responsiveness over time to Patient‐Reported changes in SLE health status, but not physician‐assessed changes. These data suggest that the PROMIS10 can be used to efficiently measure and monitor important aspects of the SLE patient experience that are not captured by standard physician‐derived metrics. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of the PROMIS10 in optimizing longitudinal disease management in SLE and to determine its responsiveness in other chronic health conditions.
Scope and Consistency of Outcomes Reported in Trials of Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Sumpton Daniel , Bigot Adrien , Sautenet Benedicte , Craig Jonathan C. , Hassett Geraldine , Thakkar Vivek , Tugwell Peter , Tong Allison
Published: July 2019

Objective

The core outcome set for trials in systemic sclerosis (SSc) was developed in 2008 and comprises 11 domains and 31 measures, leading to the development of the Combined Response Index in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis (CRISS). We aimed to assess the scope and consistency of outcomes reported in trials of SSc and the uptake of this core set and the CRISS.

Methods

Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched to identify randomized trials published from January 1, 2000 to April 29, 2018 in adults with limited or diffuse SSc. Outcomes and measures were recorded for each trial, classified into domains and the frequency of outcomes before after publication of the publication of the core set calculated.

Results

From 152 trials, 4,193 outcomes were classified into 84 domains. The 3 most common domains were health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and function (59%, 130 measures), skin (47%, 59 measures), and pulmonary (45%, 168 measures). After the publication of the core outcome set, no trial reported the complete core set with adherence to each of the 11 domains, ranging from 6.1% to 54.4% and adherence to each of the 31 measures ranging from 0% to 48.1%. The 5 measures required for the CRISS were reported completely in 11% of trials.

Conclusion

Despite recognition that uniform acquisition and reporting of outcomes would enable a better evaluation of proposed SSc therapeutics, the outcome domains and measures reported in randomized trials in SSc remain very inconsistent, with little impact of the core outcome set.
Advances in 3D Thin‐Film Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Moitzheim Sébastien , Put Brecht , Vereecken Philippe M.
Published: July 2019

The status and progress toward solid‐state 3D thin‐film Li‐ion microbatteries is reviewed. Planar thin‐film batteries (TFBs) are commercially available. A major issue with planar TFBs, however, is that the total footprint capacity is limited, as only a relatively small electrode volume is available for energy storage. Coating of the complete battery thin‐film stack, i.e., cathode/solid electrolyte/anode, over a 3D microstructured current collector substrate can provide higher footprint capacity as a result of the surface area enhancement. However, thus far, no 3D TFB with footprint capacity exceeding the limit of ≈250 µAh cm−2 are achieved. The authors provide a status of the individual components: thin‐film cathodes, anodes, and thin‐film solid electrolyte conformally coated over 3D substrates with periodic microstructures. Guidance for designing a 3D TFB with optimum capacity is also provided.
Impact of genetic subtypes of Prader–Willi syndrome with growth hormone therapy on intelligence and body mass index
Authors: Butler Merlin G. , Matthews Naomi A. , Patel Nidhi , Surampalli Abhilasha , Gold June‐Anne , Khare Manaswitha , Thompson Travis , Cassidy Suzanne B. , Kimonis Virginia E.
Published: July 2019

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genomic imprinting disorder characterized by infantile hypotonia with a poor suck and failure to thrive, hypogenitalism/hypogonadism, behavior and cognitive problems, hormone deficiencies, hyperphagia, and obesity. The Stanford Binet and Wechsler (WAIS‐R; WISC‐III) intelligence (IQ) tests were administered on 103 individuals with PWS from two separate cohorts [University of California, Irvine (UCI) (N = 56) and Vanderbilt University (N = 47)] and clinical information obtained including growth hormone (GH) treatment, PWS molecular classes, weight and height. Significantly higher IQ scores (p < .02) were found representing the vocabulary section of the Stanford Binet test in the growth hormone (GH) treated group when compared with non‐GH treatment in the pediatric‐based UCI PWS cohort with a trend for stabilization of vocabulary IQ scores with age in the GH treated maternal disomy (UPD) 15 subject group. Significant differences (p = .05) were also found in the adult‐based Vanderbilt PWS cohort with 15q11‐q13 deletion subjects having lower Verbal IQ scores compared with UPD 15. No difference in body mass index was identified based on the PWS molecular class or genetic subtype. Medical care and response to treatment with growth hormone may influence intelligence impacted by PWS genetic subtypes and possibly age, but more studies are needed.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral α‐Alkylthiomalonates via a Phase‐Transfer‐Catalyzed α‐Sulfenylation of α‐Alkylmalonates
Authors: Jung So Hyun , Kim Byungsoo , Park Cheonhyoung , Kim Jeongseok , Ha Min Woo , Hong Suckchang , Park Hyeung‐geun
Published: July 2019

A synthetic method for accessing chiral α‐alkylthio‐α‐alkylmalonates was successfully established. The enantioselective α‐sulfenylation of α‐alkylmalonates via phase‐transfer catalysis [N‐alkylthiophthalimide, 50% aq. KOH, toluene, −40 °C and N‐2′,3′,4′‐trifluorophenyl‐dihydroquinidium bromide] provided the corresponding α‐alkylthio‐α‐alkylmalonates in high chemical yields (up to 97%) and optical purities (up to 90% ee).
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome associated with a traditional Japanese training method under a waterfall named Takigyo: a case report
Authors: Takemoto Kiyoshi , Takahashi Nobuyuki
Published: July 2019

Case

Takigyo is a traditional Japanese training method for psychosomatic conditions in which individuals meditate under a waterfall. A 55‐year‐old man presented with a mild headache and visual loss that occurred following Takigyo. On the day of admission, acute ischemic stroke was suspected based on brain magnetic resonance imaging examination. However, subsequent brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed reversible vasoconstriction of the cerebral diffuse segmental arteries.

Outcome

We diagnosed reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome caused by Takigyo on the basis of his clinical course and image findings. He was treated with nifedipine and his clinical condition improved without recurrence.

Conclusion

We experienced a unique RCVS associated with Takigyo. It is important to accurately assess the etiology of headache with unusual circumstances and differential diagnosis including reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.
Electrospun polyurethane patch in combination with cedarwood and cobalt nitrate for cardiac applications
Authors: Mani Mohan Prasath , Jaganathan Saravana Kumar , Prabhakaran Praseetha , Nageswaran Gomathi , Krishnasamy Navaneetha Pandiyaraj
Published: July 2019

The growth in nanotechnology led to the fabrication of scaffold at a low cost with high productivity and high surface area. The present research aims to fabricate a novel cardiac scaffold utilizing polyurethane (PU) added with cedarwood (CW) and cobalt nitrate (CoNO3) nanofibers. Morphological analysis showed that the mean fiber diameter of the PU nanofibers was reduced owing to the incorporation of CW and CoNO3. Infrared and thermal analysis revealed the interaction of PU with CW and CoNO3. Contact angle studies showed that the electrospun PU/CW displayed hydrophobic nature while PU/CW/CoNO3 showed hydrophilic behavior compared to the pristine PU. The tensile strength of PU nanofibers increased with CW and CoNO3 addition. Atomic force microscopy analysis depicted that the PU/CW was rougher while the PU/CW/CoNO3 as smoother surfaces than the pristine PU. According to the coagulation assay data, the blood compatibility of the electrospun composites was enhanced compared to the pristine PU. In addition, PU and its composite nanofibers exhibited non‐toxic to human dermal fibroblast cells and improved cell proliferation rates compared to the control plates. To conclude, the improved physicochemical and biological response of the electrospun composites would be putative for cardiac tissue engineering. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48226.
Nanodiamond‐containing polyethyleneimine hybrid materials for lead adsorption from aqueous media
Authors: Çiğil Aslı Beyler , Urucu Oya Aydın , Kahraman Memet Vezir
Published: July 2019

This study describes the preparation of new surface‐modified nanodiamond (ND) particles containing urethane‐based hybrid materials by photopolymerization of aliphatic urethane acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate monomers, and their usage for lead adsorption from aqueous media. ND and synthesized surface‐modified ND were characterized by atom transfer radical addition Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) and scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis. Crosslinked adsorbent nanocomposites were then treated with polyethylene imine and all adsorbent nanocomposites were characterized by ATR‐FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and contact angle measurements. The metal ion binding capacity of the surfaces of the nanocomposites containing high amine content was investigated. The effects of the percentage of functional monomer, pH, and contact time on adsorption, and the interaction of foreign metal ions have been tested. Optimum contact time was found to be 7 h at pH 5. The adsorption capacity of the synthesized nanocomposite adsorbent for lead (II) was determined as 17.12 mg g−1. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to determine the adsorption behaviors and Langmuir isotherm model was found to be the most suitable model (R2: 0.9988). The amount of adsorption of Pb (II) ions of UV curable adsorbent film prepared in river water samples was investigated. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48241.
Development of chloroplast microsatellite markers for Glyptostrobus pensilis (Cupressaceae)
Authors: Yan Ya‐Dan , Li Xin‐Yu , Worth James R. P. , Lin Xue‐Ying , Ruhsam Markus , Chen Lu , Wu Xing‐Tong , Wang Min‐qiu , Thomas Philip I. , Wen Ya‐Feng
Published: July 2019

Premise

Glyptostrobus pensilis (Cupressaceae) is a critically endangered conifer native to China, Laos, and Vietnam, with only a few populations remaining in the wild.

Methods and Results

Using a complete chloroplast genome sequence, we designed 70 cpSSR loci and tested them for amplification success and polymorphism in 16 samples. Ten loci were found to be polymorphic and their genetic diversity was characterized using a total of 83 individuals from three populations in China. A total of 43 haplotypes were present, the effective number of haplotypes varied from 4.55 to 13.36, and the haplotypic richness ranged from 8.04 to 16.00. Gene diversity ranged from 0.81 to 0.97 (average 0.89). The number of alleles per locus and population ranged from one to eight, and the effective number of alleles ranged from 1.00 to 3.90. All polymorphic loci were successfully amplified in the related species Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Taxodium distichum, T. ascendens, and Cunninghamia lanceolata.

Conclusions

These newly developed chloroplast microsatellites will be useful for population genetic and phylogeographic analyses of G. pensilis and related species.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lesions in the Sacroiliac Joints for Differentiation of Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis From Control Subjects With or Without Pelvic or Buttock Pain: A Prospective, Cross‐Sectional Study of 204 Participants
Authors: Seven Sengül , Østergaard Mikkel , Morsel‐Carlsen Lone , Sørensen Inge Juul , Bonde Birthe , Thamsborg Gorm , Lykkegaard Jens Jørgen , Hendricks Oliver , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Pedersen Susanne Juhl
Published: July 2019

Objective

To evaluate whether different types of sacroiliac (SI) joint lesions identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could differentiate axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) from conditions with buttock or pelvic pain attributable to other reasons, including postpartum women and healthy subjects.

Methods

The study was designed as a prospective, cross‐sectional study involving 204 participants, comprising patients with axial SpA (n = 41) and control groups of subjects with or without SI joint pain, including patients with lumbar disc herniation (n = 25), women with (n = 46) or without (n = 14) postpartum buttock/pelvic pain (having given birth within the preceding 4–16 months), hospital cleaning staff (n = 26), long‐distance runners (n = 23), and healthy men (n = 29). Participants underwent clinical examination and MRI, and MRIs were evaluated in a blinded manner by 2 readers according to the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) SI joint inflammation and structural lesion scores. SPARCC score cutoff levels were defined as scores above a certain threshold. Primary analyses were based on reader agreement with regard to the presence of SI joint pathologic features on MRI (“concordant reads”). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated.

Results

SI joint ankylosis and backfill were detected by MRI only in patients with axial SpA (32% and 37%, respectively), while bone marrow edema (BME) and fat lesions were seen in all non–axial SpA control groups (3–39% with BME and 4–14% with fat lesions). SI joint erosion was present only in patients with axial SpA and in women with postpartum buttock/pelvic pain (at erosion score cutoffs of >1 and >4, 61% and 34%, respectively, in patients with axial SpA, and 9% and 2%, respectively, in women with postpartum buttock/pelvic pain). A SPARCC BME score of ≥5 was present only in patients with axial SpA (56%) and in women with postpartum buttock/pelvic pain (24%), while fat lesions were present, albeit rarely, at high SPARCC cutoff scores in nearly all groups. Of the 38 women from the non‐postpartum control groups who had given birth (mean time since birth 9.7 years), 2 (5%) had BME, whereas none had SI joint erosion or fat lesions, and none had a BME score of ≥4.

Conclusion

BME and fat lesions were most pronounced in patients with axial SpA, but also occurred in other groups, particularly women with postpartum buttock/pelvic pain. Erosion above a certain SPARCC score threshold as well as backfill and ankylosis were highly specific for axial SpA.
Strategic narrative in multi‐academy trusts in England: Principal drivers for expansion
Authors: Baxter Jacqueline , Floyd Alan
Published: July 2019

Multi‐academy trusts (MATs) are now a common feature of the English educational landscape. Yet numerous high‐profile failures indicate that they present substantial challenges in terms of leadership and governance. One of the areas that most exercises school leaders and boards is the setting of strategic direction for theMAT. This includes elements such as its expansion. This article draws on 30 interviews with school leaders and trustees from 6MATs and 10 interviews with national leaders of governance in looking to respond to the research question: What are the principal drivers for strategic expansion inMATs? The article begins by contextualising the research in light of recent policy, then moves to consider why theory on strategy as narrative was chosen in preference to other strategic approaches, and how it was employed to analyse data. The article concludes that within this sample there are a number of drivers forMATexpansion and that these fall under six principal categories: opportunities, values, pressures, feelings, risks and resources. It also concludes that resources and business viability play a substantial part in decisions to expand, and that strategy appears to be an iterative learning process. As such, it contributes to theory on the governance of multi‐level organisations and to practice in terms of the Department for Education's focus onMATgrowth.
Partner‐diversity effects on alliance termination in the early stage of green alliance formation: Empirical evidence from carbon‐emission reduction projects in Latin America
Authors: Meschi Pierre‐Xavier , Norheim‐Hansen Anne
Published: July 2019

Partner diversity is a key influencer in interorganizational alliances, and several empirical studies have shown that its outcomes are contingent on alliance‐specific factors. We extend this research as well as the growing literature on green alliances, in which partner diversity is uniquely high. Specifically, we examine partner‐diversity effects on alliance termination in the early stage of green alliance formation. We hypothesize that in this context, size disparity increases termination likelihood, whereas organizational variety and cultural separation have the opposite effect. To test our hypotheses, we use a sample of 366 alliance projects located in Latin America and submitted to the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism for evaluation, validation, and registration from 2004 to 2014. Our findings contribute to several research streams and provide practical guidance for successful formation of alliances focused on environmental protection.
The utility of pulmonary function testing in the preoperative risk stratification of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Pino Jesus E. , Shah Varun , Ramos Tuarez Fergie J. , Kreidieh Omar I , Donath Elie , Lovitz Lawrence. S , Rothenberg Mark , Cubeddu Roberto J , Nores Marcos E , Chait Robert
Published: July 2019

Background

The role of pulmonary function testing (PFT) as a predictor of clinically relevant endpoints in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is unclear.

Objective

To determine the utility of PFT in the preoperative risk stratification of patients undergoing TAVR.

Methods

An evaluation of PFT (i.e., FEV1), arterial blood gases (i.e., PO2), the diagnosis of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) by the Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), and the diagnosis of chronic lung disease (CLD) by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) was performed to determine whether a relationship exists among these parameters and clinically relevant outcomes, including all‐cause 30‐day and 1‐year mortality.

Results

A total of 513 patients underwent TAVR between March 2013 and December 2016. Per STS criteria, 269/513 (52%) had CLD with a mean FEV1 of 55.4 ± 12%. Per GOLD criteria, 158/513 (30%) of patients had COPD with a mean FEV1/forced vital capacity of 61.8 ± 8.2%. The severity of CLD was affected by changes in ejection fraction, albumin, creatinine, and B‐type natriuretic peptide levels (p = .009, p < .001, p < .001, and p < .001, respectively), whereas the severity of COPD was not affected by these same variables, (p = .302, .079, .137, and .102, respectively). An increased A‐a gradient (p = .035), increased PCO2 (p = .016), and decreased PO2 (p = <.001) demonstrated increased risk of 30‐day mortality. Neither classification (COPD or CLD), nor PFT changes, showed association with 30‐day and 1‐year mortality (p = NS).

Conclusion

This study suggests that isolated abnormalities in spirometry are a poor indicator of clinically relevant outcomes in TAVR. When classified correctly, COPD does not predict clinically relevant postoperative outcomes.
Characterization of Bubble Shapes in Non‐Newtonian Fluids by Parametric Equations
Authors: Xu Feishi , Midoux Noel , Li Huai-Zhi , Hébrard Gilles , Dietrich Nicolas
Published: July 2019

Based on experiments with single air bubbles rising in stagnant non‐Newtonian fluids, an innovative model containing the aspect ratio (E) and two parameters (α, β) was proposed and proved to be capable of characterizing the bubble shape from spherical/ellipsoidal to prolate/oblate‐tear with good accuracy. Several impacts on bubble deformation were investigated, involving the rheological properties of the fluids and different forces exerted on the bubble, which were quantified by multiple dimensionless numbers (e.g., Reynolds, Eötvös, and Deborah number). Within a wide range, the empirical correlations were obtained for parameter β, and between α and β. Together with the shape model, a complete system was set up for bubble shape characterization and prediction that will provide new ideas for future studies on bubble hydrodynamics.
High‐Yield 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Synthesis from Crude Sugar Beet Juice in a Biphasic Microreactor
Authors: Abdilla‐Santes Ria M. , Guo Wenze , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. , Yue Jun , Deuss Peter J. , Heeres Hero J.
Published: July 2019

5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an important biobased platform chemical obtainable in high selectivity by the hydrolysis of fructose (FRC). However, FRC is expensive, making the production of HMF at a competitive market price highly challenging. Here, it is shown that sugar beet thick juice, a crude, sucrose‐rich intermediate in sugar refining, is an excellent feedstock for HMF synthesis. Unprecedented high selectivities and yields of >90 % for HMF were achieved in a biphasic reactor setup at 150 °C using salted diluted thick juice with H2SO4 as catalyst and 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran as a bioderived extraction solvent. The conversion of glucose, obtained by sucrose inversion, could be limited to <10 mol %, allowing its recovery for further use. Interestingly, purified sucrose led to significantly lower HMF selectivity and yields, showing advantages from both an economic and chemical selectivity perspective. This opens new avenues for more cost‐effective HMF production.
Moving beyond self‐report data collection in the natural environment: A review of the past and future directions for ambulatory assessment in eating disorders
Authors: Smith Kathryn E. , Mason Tyler B. , Juarascio Adrienne , Schaefer Lauren M. , Crosby Ross D. , Engel Scott G. , Wonderlich Stephen A.
Published: July 2019

Objective

In recent years, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been used to repeatedly assess eating disorder (ED) symptoms in naturalistic settings, which has allowed for increased understanding of temporal processes that potentiate ED behaviors. However, there remain notable limitations of self‐report EMA, and with the rapid proliferation of technology there are ever‐increasing possibilities to improve ambulatory assessment methods to further the understanding and treatment of EDs. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to (a) systematically review the studies in EDs that have utilized ambulatory assessment methods other than self‐report, and (b) provide directions for future research and clinical applications.

Method

A systematic literature search of electronic databases was conducted, and data regarding study characteristics and methodological quality were extracted.

Results

The search identified 17 studies that used ambulatory assessment methods to gather objective data, and focused primarily on autonomic functioning, physical activity, and cognitive processes in ED and control groups.

Discussion

Together the literature demonstrates the promise of using a range of ecologically valid ambulatory assessment approaches in EDs, though there remains limited research that has utilized methods other than self‐report (e.g., wearable sensors), particularly in recent years. Going forward, there are several technology‐enhanced momentary assessment methods that have potential to improve the understanding and treatment of EDs.