bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Organic and Inorganic Plant Growth Promoters on Growth Indices and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties
Authors: Prajapati Sunil Kumar , Verma V. K. , Khan Naushad , Singh Shivendra , Singh Gurwaan , Yadav Shivam
Published: February 2024

The micronutrients, such as zinc, iron, copper, and boron play an important role in the physiological processes of plants. This experiment evaluate the impact of organic (GA3, Seaweed extract solid/liquid) and inorganic (Nitrobenzene and micronutrients- Zn, Fe, B, Cu) plant growth promoters on the growth indices and yield of wheat varieties. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design with three replications. Three timely shown wheat varieties (DBW-187, K-1006, and K-607) allocated in the main plots and plant growth promoters (Nitrobenzene, Gibberellic acid, Seaweed extract, and a mixture of micronutrients-Zn, Fe, Cu, B) in the sub-plots comprised of 18 treatment combinations. The results revealed that significant variations in the response of wheat varieties to the different plant growth promoters. The highest growth and yield viz., plant height (85.50cm), number of tillers (451.75 m-2), fresh weight (86.83 g plant-1), dry weight (23. 39 g plant-1), crop growth rate, test weight (40.67g) and grain yield (4764.67 kg ha-1) was recorded in wheat varieties DBW-187 followed by K-1006 and minimum in variety K-607. Among plant growth promoters, the mixture of micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu, B) @ 0.5% foliar spray at tillering stage, show significant result in growth and yield viz., plant height (86.21cm), number of tillers (459.63 m-2), fresh weight (86.96 g plant-1), dry weight (23.92 g plant-1), crop growth rate, test weight (41.87g) and grain yield (4813.67 kg ha-1) as compared to all other treatment. The Gibberellic acid @ 2000 ppm and Seaweed extract liquid @ 625 ml ha-1 show significant result also. The maximum growth and yield was obtained by the variety DBW-187 and mixture nutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu, and B). The interaction effects were found non-significant.
Corespondența ca spațiu de întâlnire: „Fondo Culturale italo-rumeno della Prof.ssa Rosa Del Conte”
Authors:   Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Andreoli Jessica ,   Università degli Studi di Torino
Published: February 2024

1948 represents a turning point in the “intimate”, intellectual, academic biography of Rosa Del Conte. In fact, the sudden repatriation, determined by the complex political situation, marks the conclusion of her Romanian work experience. It was a sixyear footnote which was, first, an opportunity to open up to the Romanian cultural space. Upon returning to Italy, Rosa Del Conte became a spokesperson for the Romanian language and culture, first in Milan and later in Rome. Brilliant philologist and literary critic, passionate professor, Rosa Del Conte manages to maintain relations with the cultural elite that remained in Romania during the difficult years of communism, but also with Romanian intellectuals active in Europe. Starting from the archival material, especially from the correspondence, kept at the Fondo italo-rumeno della Prof.ssa Del Conte, I intend to propose a reconstruction of the Italian professor network of human and academic relations. To support the working hypothesis, I will propose two (synthetic) case studies from Rosa Del Conte’s correspondence: Emil Turdeanu and Lucian Blaga.
Advantages and disadvantages of e-learning. A case study
Authors:   Complutense University of Madrid, Nicolau Felix ,   Technical University of Civil Engineering, Bucharest
Published: February 2024

The vantage point of e-learning, as well as its opposite, will be studied in relation to the e-learning system at Lund University. Sweden has already had an established experience in e-learning, so that the burst of worldwide pandemic restrictions and reformulations did not emerge as a stressful surprise. Even though Sweden did not impose facemasks and plenty of restrictions common in EU, the educational system reacted promptly to the online transfer where there was a case. At Lund University there is the only Romanian Chair left in Scandinavia. For more than twenty years now on-line platforms have been used in teaching Romanian and they cover both e-learning and m-learning. I had the opportunity to teach using all three of them: Luvit, live@lund, and Canvas. There has been a crescendo in the communicational and IT facilities secured by these platforms. Finally, Canvas came up with numerous educational resources. Students and teachers have the possibility to generate videos and audio content, to inscribe videos with their own message, and to use this platform for unmediated communication instead of Zoom, for instance. Under these technical circumstances, communicative approach, mentoring, and negotiation were more feasible and the educational input experienced a high degree of resonance and impetus.
Recenzie - Ioana Sonea, Lavinia Vasiu, Dina Vîlcu, Manual de limba română ca limbă străină (RLS): nivelul B1, Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj-Napoca, 2021, 192 p., ISBN 978-606-37-1000-1
Authors:   Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Alexandru Rosetti” al Academiei Române, Geană Ionuț ,   Universitatea din București
Published: February 2024

Manualul de față continuă tradiția clujeană de publicare a manualelor și a materialelor ajutătoare de limba română ca limbă străină (RLS), pe de o parte, și completează spațiul actual de diversificare a resurselor RLS (atât la nivel național, cât și internațional), pe de altă parte. Cele aproape două sute de pagini includ, pe lângă părțile introductive, șase unități de învățare, la care se adaugă o listă de cuvinte, scheme gramaticale, transcrierea textelor de la exercițiile de ascultare, precum și cheia exercițiilor cu răspuns obiectiv (în formularea autoarelor). Manualul este însoțit de un CD audio.
Development and validation of an instrument to measure self-regulated learning in learning products
Authors: Schel Janina , Oberst Leon , Pensel Marisa , Paetsch Jennifer , Drechsel Barbara
Published: February 2024

The analysis of students’ learning products enables a behavioral diagnosis of cognitive learning strategies and provides new information for the evaluation of learning activities. The current study aims to analyze whether organization and elaboration strategies can be measured reliably in learning products and can be validated by learning success. With a newly developed coding scheme 229 lecture summaries of 24 student teachers were examined by different high-inferent categories, which enable an efficient evaluation of the learning products. For deeper insights, 94 lecture summaries of 10 students with either high or low learning success were analytically rated by means of low-inferent categories. Overall results show an interrater reliability that is substantial for high-inferent categories and very good for low-inferent categories. Significant correlations between the usage of learning strategies for the learning products and learning success (exam grades) could be found. Students with high learning success used learning strategies of nearly all categories more frequently as those with low learning success. Limitations and potentials of the approach for diagnosing and evaluating self-regulated learning processes are discussed.
Sustainability of further training in the education system: An evaluation model for analyzing the effectiveness of further training
Authors: Appius Stephanie
Published: February 2024

The effectiveness and sustainability of further education are of interest to many actors in the education system. Accordingly, evaluation projects are often intended to prove the effectiveness of further education. Evaluations are often unable to provide an empirical measurement of impact. Alternatives are therefore needed as to how the impact and sustainability of further education can be evaluated. In this article, an evaluation model based on theory and saturated with practical evaluation experiences is presented. The theory offers many determinants of effective teacher further education, findings from evaluation research structure the evaluation procedure. The model presented combines these approaches and thus offers a systematization for evaluations in this subject area.
Evaluation of an international training program for mentoring beginning teachers at disadvantaged schools
Authors: Kindlinger Marcus , Anderson-Park Eva , Abs Hermann J.
Published: February 2024

Mentoring can support beginning teachers with various challenges of their career start. At the same time, many beginning teachers have no or insufficient access to high-quality mentoring opportunities. The NEST (Novice Educator Support and Training) project implements a mentoring program in seven European education systems aimed at teachers in socially disadvantaged schools, seeking to ensure support by creating adaptivity to different school contexts and, in particular, to the needs of mentored teachers. In this article, we provide insight into the evaluation concept for the mentor training that is central to the project. Furthermore, we show how the project deals with the challenge of developing methods for an evaluation in the contexts of different educational systems together with local partners, which considers the perspectives of both mentors and teachers. We present the evaluation design and results on changing and assessing the practices of mentors from three contrasting education systems. Lastly, we discuss consequences for the project and its ongoing evaluation.
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Muslim-American Parents and Young Children
Authors: Mirzoy Silai
Published: February 2024

There are limited data available regarding early childhood mental health in the Muslim American population. Nevertheless, the literature has shown that American Muslims are more likely to experience mental health disorders, including being twice as likely to report a history of suicide attempt1 compared to other religious communities.2 Despite these challenges, Muslims in America are often underserved and tend to underutilize

mental health services, compared to other minority groups.2-5 The combination of Muslim children with significant mental health challenges and caregivers who underutilize mental health services reduces the likelihood that effective treatments will be used and increases risk of long-term harm for Muslim American children. Research has shown that Muslim American populations may be hesitant in seeking mental health

treatment for a variety of reasons, including associated stigma behind mental illness within the community, fears related to past experiences of racism and discrimination in a post-9/11 world, differing way of conceptualizing mental illness and psychological distress that may lead to seeking alternative supports within family and community instead of mental health providers, and lack of knowledge about how to access formal mental health services.6,7 Another plausible reason for the underutilization of mental health services in this population is the concern that mental health treatment may not align with religious or cultural values.3
Pandemic Effects on the Perception of Eating Disorder X Posts Among Adolescents and Transitional Age Youth
Authors: Li Chelsea , Porter Nathaniel , Yao Hanqi , Li Justin
Published: February 2024

Eating disorders (EDs) are serious mental health conditions that can have devastating physical and psychological effects. They are significantly underdiagnosed and undertreated, and many individuals suffer in silence due to stigma, shame, and lack of access to appropriate care. Adolescents and transitional age youth (TAY) suffer from high prevalence of EDs, highlighting the need for effective prevention and intervention strategies, and improved access to evidence-based treatment options. Estimates suggest that at least 9% of the global population suffers from EDs, with the average age of onset being 18 years.1 Adolescents aged 13 to 18 are particularly vulnerable, with approximately 2.7% affected. TAY likely have an even higher number of ED cases.2 EDs have the highest fatality rates of any mental illness, with an estimated 4% of patients with anorexic nervosa dying from complications.3
Telepsychiatry and In-Person Care for Pediatric Patients During COVID-19: Patients’ Perspectives
Authors: Jahan Sultana , El Kady Rasha , O'Neill Ellen , Bell Larissa
Published: February 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed how child and adolescent psychiatrist’s practice. Nationwide restrictions and public health recommendations have reshaped the patient care setting to avoid spread of the virus. A major shift came in the form of telehealth, which allowed patients to attend clinic appointments online. Some of our clinic’s child and adolescent psychiatrists began practicing telehealth in March 2020 and continued completely virtually for one year. Other providers in our practice continued with in-person visits.
Embracing the Infinite Complexity in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Authors: Williams J. Corey
Published: February 2024

Reading the articles in this issue of JAACAP Connect reminded me of one of the major reasons why I love being a child and adolescent psychiatrist: the issues are infinitely complicated. I argue that the challenges in child and adolescent psychiatry are as complex and as pressing to the future of our society as any other justice-related issue. Clinically, the work requires theoretical plurality, cultural humility, and historical awareness as well as structural competency. From a population standpoint, the complexities surrounding the mental health and well-being of young individuals requires a multidimensional approach, involving various stakeholders, including mental health professionals, educators, policymakers, and families. In this issue, we delve into several pressing issues that impact the lives of children and adolescents. The articles presented in this issue provide a snapshot into the diverse and dynamic aspects of child mental health, and each article contributes to our understanding of the unique challenges faced by young individuals.
Maternal Prenatal Attachment: An Early Intergenerational Intervention for Child Psychiatry
Authors: Gao Lucy , Givrad Soudabeh , Rutherford Helena J.V.
Published: February 2024

Pregnancy is a time of dynamic physiological and psychological changes that prepare the maternal milieu for fetal development and consequently prepare women for motherhood. Psychological changes may include beginning to identify as a mother and establishing feelings of increasing emotional investment and preoccupation with the unborn child.1 While John Bowlby’s original theory of human attachment emphasized the child’s attachment to their mother,2 the mother’s emotional attachment to the child is equally important to recognize and may begin before birth.3 Maternal attachment toward her unborn child has been termed maternal prenatal attachment.
Early Exposure to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Through a Preclinical Elective: Unexpected Lessons From the Medical Student Perspective
Authors: Shapiro Desirée , Kidambi Neha , Terrana Alec
Published: February 2024

Medical school can feel like a race to the finish given the whirlwind of endless information, systems to learn, and pressure to quickly find one’s life calling. There tends to be urgency to become an expert for United States Medical Licensing Examination exams, shelf exams, and clinical rounds. Students don’t want to lose any time in finding their path so they can focus on optimizing their residency applications. Child and adolescent psychiatry is a specialty that is often overlooked given the minimal time allocated to it.1,2 Not all medical schools have capacity or faculty to encourage and promote its concepts or clinical experiences.
Comparing Psychotropic Medication Prescriptions for Inpatient Transgender and Cisgender Adolescents
Authors: Johnson Hannah , Gray Natalie , Schadler Aric , Logan TK , Mark Kristen P. , Hill Kelly
Published: February 2024

Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) adolescents, defined as individuals whose gender identity does not align with sex assigned at birth, are at higher risk for mental and physical health complications and disparities compared to cisgender adolescents.1 TGNC individuals report negative healthcare experiences which can lead to avoidance of further medical care. Examples include use of wrong pronouns (misgendering), not calling patients by their updated name (deadnaming), being treated as an investigation instead of as human (probing), provider-imposed barriers to care (gatekeeping), and stigmatizing stances such as feeling unwelcomed by the provider.2 Additionally, studies reveal higher rates of suicide behaviors in TGNC compared to cisgender adolescents.3
Women in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Authors: Richards Misty C. , Khan Christina T.
Published: February 2024

Imagine a world where community, harmony, and equality exist. A place fueled by innovation where trees grow from balanced soil to provide both shade and oxygen to people who breathe it all in. Where women are valued as community leaders, mothers, and

professionals, who are essential for building the future. If you close your eyes and listen in earnest, you can feel that this mystical paradise exists. It is real. And so our journey begins to find this promised land.
Considerations for the Future: Family Planning and Infertility During Psychiatry Training
Authors: Mergler Reid J. , McGinley Nancy R. , McGuire Elizabeth , Khan Christina T.
Published: February 2024

During medical school, residency, or fellowship,

many trainees struggle to find balance between their careers and starting a family. While some may feel the optimal time for parenthood is after they’ve completed their training, the effect of increasing age on fertility is a real consideration for female physicians.1

Several studies have explored the impact of pregnancy during surgical residency, yet little has been published on parenthood during psychiatry training. This is surprising

as psychiatry residents often address the challenges of integrating work and parenthood with their patients, yet it has not traditionally been within the culture of medicine

to openly discuss this with colleagues. It is critical to address pregnancy and parenthood routinely during training and in the literature to reiterate the importance of work-life integration. In this paper, we discuss current practices for psychiatry residents and advocate for the development of a standardized policy across psychiatry training programs that covers multiple aspects of childbearing including maternal mental health, family leave, and infertility.
Comparison of Gustatory Over-Responsivity Between Parent-Report and Clinician-Rated Assessment in a Pediatric Cohort
Authors: Kim Hyelee , Marco Elysa , Gerdes Molly , Kim Mi-Ok , Kim Young Shin
Published: February 2024

Sensory over-responsivity (SOR), a subtype of sensory processing disorder (SPD), refers to the exaggerated behavioral response to sensory stimuli and affects children of all ages with and without neurodevelopmental disorders.1,2 SOR is more prevalent and

severe among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing children (TD) (effect-size 1.28 (95% CIs 1.11, 1.45) from a meta-analysis of 47 studies) and included in the diagnostic criteria of ASD.3-5 SOR in the gustatory domain, gustatory sensory over-responsivity (GOR), is expressed as avoidance and/or aversive response to gustatory stimuli.2 Food selectivity in the ASD population is associated with GOR and brings problematic mealtime behaviors, resulting in family distress in daily life.6,7 Despite this, there is a paucity of research focused on GOR compared to other SOR domains.
Collaboration Between Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists and Faith Leaders: Is There a Path Forward?
Authors: Baldwin Isaac , Rettew David C.
Published: February 2024

Recent media exposure has given many Americans their first glimpse into the hidden world of conversion therapy, where homophobia wears a therapeutic mask. Though psychiatry is historically implicated in the origins of conversion therapy,1 many psychiatrist-advocates, working through groups like AACAP, are now working to end it.2 Various religious groups from around the country have also started to repair the harm done by advocating for policy change.3,4 Still, the ongoing promotion and practice of conversion therapy by some faith-based groups in the United States has led many child and adolescent psychiatrists to be wary of collaboration with faith groups in general. While many religious communities recognize the harm of practices such as conversion therapy, it remains an example of the many barriers that hinder cooperation between child and adolescent psychiatrists and some religious organizations in the United States.
Psychiatric Boarders on Pediatric Medical Floors: A Call for Action and Collaboration
Authors: Malhi Narpinder K. , Marwaha Raman , Malhi Raja K.S.
Published: February 2024

Clinical Vignette: A 14-year-old male patient with history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was brought to the emergency department (ED) when he was found to be aggressive towards family members. He has history of multiple psychiatric hospitalizations relating to aggression and was taking a complex regimen of psychotropic medications. ED staff recommended inpatient psychiatric care. After waiting for hours in the ED, a decision was made to transfer him to a pediatric medical floor, and he was put on waitlist without immediate bed availability in any of the inpatient units in the area. Due to lack of child psychiatry consultation liaison services at our institution, an outpatient child and adolescent psychiatrist was called by pediatric hospitalists for “curbside consultation” to provide input on treatment for this patient while he waited placement at an inpatient psychiatric facility.
Spotlight on Juvenile Justice: Understanding Neurodevelopment
Authors: McClendon Jasmine , Campbell Jorien , McBride Anne
Published: February 2024

It has long been known that risk taking is common among adolescents. Data also suggests that delinquency and violence are relatively common experiences for American youth. For instance, 696,6201 of the roughly 25 million youth aged 12-17 living in the United States2 were arrested in 2019. However, survey data suggest delinquency and violence among youth is even more widespread. According to the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance – United States 2019, 21.9% of high school students were in physical fights, 8.2% experienced sexual dating violence, and 4.4% carried a gun. In the same study, 29.2% of high school students reported current alcohol consumption, 13.7% reported current binge drinking, 5.4% reported driving under the influence of alcohol, 8.9% attempted suicide, 11.9% did not use any method to prevent pregnancy during last sexual

intercourse, and 6.5% rarely or never wore a seat belt.3 Mortality data reflects broad risk-taking behavior; for the same year, the leading causes of death among US adolescents aged 15-19 were accidents, suicide, and homicide.4
Spotlight on Juvenile Justice: How Did We Get Here?
Authors: Campbell Jorien , McClendon Jasmine , Salem Amanie , McBride Anne B.
Published: February 2024

Structural racism and inequity permeate the juvenile justice system. The earliest delinquency programs were developed at a time when slavery was still legal in the United States and Indigenous Americans were considered “savages,” representing dehumanizing systems and beliefs which left lasting structural racism.1 Nearly 200 years later, racism continues to shape and structure our juvenile justice system both directly and indirectly. This article will underscore the historical legacy of structural racism in the juvenile justice system, an understanding necessary to address systemic change.
Race Against the Mental Status Exam
Authors: Shadid Olivia
Published: February 2024

Racism is a system of oppression that justifies inequities through purported differences based in “race.” Race itself was promulgated and enshrined by colonists, enslavers, and imperialists to describe social groups.1,2,3 Racial categorization is not determined by genetics, but instead via interaction: how a person understands and experiences herself treated by others as a result of, or in spite of, the color of her skin and the structure of her features.4 “Race,” as understood as a biological fact, does not predict health, choices, and flourishing.5 Racism does.6,7 If race is a subjective measure, why is race so often included in the mental status exam (MSE), the objective portion of a child and adolescent psychiatrist’s assessment of a patient?
Antiracism Work in Schools: Using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Skills to Empower South Texas Educators
Authors: Yang Phillip , Crous Yolanda , Balli-Borrero Norma , Choi Byeong Y. , Robles-Ramamurthy Barbara
Published: February 2024

In 2019, the American Academy of Pediatrics declared racism a core social determinant of health.1 Exposure to the chronic stress of racism during childhood results in higher rates of depression, anxiety, conduct problems, and low self-esteem.2 Children and adolescents experience racism nearly everywhere including the education system where Black students are more likely to receive a negative behavioral assessment than White students, especially if the assessment is from a White teacher.3 Teachers often underestimate Black and Hispanic students’ academic abilities, reducing students’ confidence in and expectations for their own achievements.4 Black and Hispanic students are expelled from school at greater rates, contributing to the school-to-prison pipeline and diminishing opportunities for future scholastic and economic success.5 The use of over-policing and harsh punishments in under-resourced schools with high numbers of Black and Latino children increases the risk of legal system involvement,

another system affected by racism.6
Children’s Rights in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hoq Rakin , Henderson Schuyler W.
Published: February 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected populations across the globe. While COVID-19, the disease caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has appeared to be less harmful to youth relative to older populations (though still causing significant morbidity and mortality1,2) the psychosocial effects of the pandemic on youth have been extraordinarily widespread, both those shared with adults and those unique to youth.
Building an Advocacy Toolkit
Authors: Schreiber Justin
Published: February 2024

2020 has been a year like no other. With COVID-19, racial injustice, natural disasters, and political discord, it is expected that there will be significant impacts to the mental health of children and adolescents. It is becoming clear that the role of child psychiatrists now includes advocacy to fully be able to address the mental health of children. The recognition of this need has prompted the JAACAP Connect Editorial Board to dedicate 3 upcoming issues to themes of advocacy, system changes due to COVID-19, and racism.
Current Literature in Pediatric Psychosomatics (CLiPPs)
Authors: Samsel Chase
Published: February 2024

CLiPPs (Current Literature in Pediatric Psychosomatics) are pertinent article reviews from the AACAP Physically Ill Child Committee for psychosomatic clinicians on a range of medical science journals and literature.
Knowledge of Child Refugee Experiences Through Non-Fiction Texts
Authors: Chavarria Mary C.
Published: February 2024

I am a native of Los Angeles, California, and daughter to a Mexican immigrant. As a fourth year medical student interested in child psychiatry and trauma, with separation of immigrant and refugee families rampant in the news and JAACAP’s development of a

literature and resource collection, I became compelled to know more. I soon learned that refugees are the fastest growing population in the world, their needs are largely unmet, and 50% of refugees are aged 18 or younger.1,2 We encounter them clinically and personally, and we are often under-prepared to meet their needs.
Developing Successful Mental Illness Prevention Efforts on University Campuses: A Local Look Based on the CARES Program at Stanford University
Authors: Shankar Vishnu , Albucher Ronald C.
Published: February 2024

There is a well-evidenced trend that the prevalence of youth depression and anxiety is increasing, especially on college campuses. Due to finite university resources directed to student mental health and well-being, mental health prevention efforts are strongly needed to help prevent the onset of mental illness in high risk students and to manage the large numbers of students requesting services. We provide a specific example of

CARES, a 3-session program that teaches graduate students practices for sustaining mental resilience and well-being along with relevant local campus resources. Preliminary results from pilot testing our program in 3 graduate departments at Stanford University show an 18% and 7% average increase in resilience and flourishing related outcomes. Our results suggest that even short-term interventions can better support graduate student mental well-being. We hope that some of the insights learned from building this program can guide the implementation of mental illness prevention efforts at other college campuses.
Connect Corner: Adventures in Fortnite
Authors: Wadell Paula , McBride Anne B. , Youngdale Erik , Prasad Shreesh
Published: February 2024

As COVID-19 spread rapidly this spring, families throughout the country faced school closures. Suddenly, children have quite a bit of free time. Many children told me they were filling that time with video games, and I even saw this unfolding in my own

home, where my husband suggested it was time to invest in more video games to entertain our children. Much to his dismay, I disagreed. I do not enjoy video games and have always felt hesitant to let our children play them. It was easy for me to enumerate the reasons why I was hesitant, but he challenged me to identify potential positives. I realized I knew very little about video games and it was time to remedy that knowledge

gap. I decided that the online game Fortnite deserved some attention. To help me along the way I recruited 3 child psychiatrists (2 from Generation X and one baby boomer) and an incoming child and adolescent psychiatry fellow (representing Millennials) to play. Below is the journey that followed.
Stress and Inflammation: New Perspectives on Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Kass Rebecca , Kaliebe Kristopher
Published: February 2024

Objective: The purpose of this review is to provide an integrated account of how life stress affects inflammation in the body, how the dysregulation of immune pathways is linked with depression and other chronic diseases, and which stress reduction techniques are applicable to specifically reverse these factors contributing to disease development. Stressors in the modern environment will be defined as they relate to the immune system and major depressive disorder (MDD) development. The inflammatory theory of depression will also be examined as it relates to these stressors. Lastly, research on the efficacy of various stress reduction techniques will be discussed, including specifically how they may be used to counter the inflammatory instigators of MDD. In this manner, this review will provide a cumulative roadmap for providers and patients alike to trace the development of MDD and further avenues for treatment of this complex disease.
We Are on the Same Team: Child Psychiatry and the School System
Authors: Durbin Kristen , Harmon Sara
Published: February 2024

As former public school teachers now in child psychiatry training and practice, we continue to be struck by the disconnect between the K-12 education system and psychiatric care. As teachers, we often felt unsupported by the medical community, and now as physicians we struggle to negotiate appropriate roles as collaborators with schools. Constraints on funding, time, and privacy often limit the expansion of mental health competency training for teachers and clinical services in schools. Under-resourced communities are particularly vulnerable to these barriers to mental health care. As local experts, psychiatrists can partner with schools to improve teacher competence and strengthen referral networks.
Staying Innovative as a Lifelong Learning Clinician
Authors: Schreiber Justin
Published: February 2024

As a medical student, a resident, and as a junior attending, we are often reminded that we are lifelong learners. I remember thinking this was just something people said casually, and after 4 years of medical school and 5 years of residency there wasn’t much more I would need to learn. Boy, was I wrong! The term lifelong learner is a reminder that as our formalized education ends, our search to improve our knowledge base should not end as well. Improving our knowledge base beyond formalized education is considered so important that it has been mandated through continuing medical education and recertification exams. Yet rarely does that alone prepare us for the constant changes occurring in psychiatry, or to identify the treatments and diagnoses we never had the chance to see in our formal education. As clinicians, the responsibility often lies on us to stay on top of knowing what we know, and more importantly, what we don’t know. Being at a large children’s hospital and psychiatric hospital for training, I figured I’d seen all the zebra’s one could see, but quickly realized how mistaken I was, as I’m often reading about diagnoses and symptoms I’ve never seen before. Being only 3 years out of training I figured I must be up to date, but it is truly amazing to see so many new technologies and treatments. In many ways this is what first lead me to JAACAP Connect—the ability to use my colleagues as a source for information to expand my knowledge base.
Gender Fluidity: New Freedoms or New Pressures?
Authors: Rettew David C.
Published: February 2024

Despite some significant changes over the past decades, society continues to assert its power on gender identity and expression in both subtle and not so subtle ways. From the way a parent decorates their expected baby’s nursery, to the gender of astronauts and nurses in book and television characters, to the type of toy one receives when ordering a McDonald’s happy meal, signals continue to be sent regarding what it means in this world to be a boy or a girl. The impact of these various influences is undeniable but, as we also know, far from omnipotent. We learn this from many of our transgender patients, friends, and colleagues, many of whom describe an inner sense of certainty that, despite all the cultural pressure, their assigned gender at birth just never fit an inner sense of who they are. We also know this from many cisgender children whose progressively-minded parents, for example, build beautiful dollhouses for their young boys only to have them used as car jumping ramps and destinations for dinosaur monster invasions. Yet for many transgender individuals, a lot of pain can develop when the world of external expectations and the world of authentic expression of one’s affirmed gender collide. And sadly, this inner distress too often is accompanied by emotional and physical pain in the form outright abuse and bullying.
Hidden Obstacles to Treatment in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: An Introduction to Intergenerational Trauma
Authors: Bampton Chris
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this article is to illustrate barriers to the treatment of children and adolescents with mental health problems that may not be evident in standard psychiatric assessment. In this case, the presence of intergenerational psychological trauma, which is manifested in parental factors, grandparental factors, and the sociocultural background.
Current Literature in Pediatric Psychosomatics (CLiPPs)
Authors: Samsel Chase
Published: February 2024

CLiPPs (Current Literature in Pediatric Psychosomatics) are pertinent article reviews from the AACAP Physically Ill Child Committee for psychosomatic clinicians on a range of medical science journals and literature. CLiPPs are edited by Chase Samsel, MD, of Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. All critical summaries are written by the designated reviewers.
Advocating for Advocacy
Authors: Rettew David C.
Published: February 2024

Psychiatry trainees and early career practitioners are often confronted with the limits of their knowledge. Whether it be from a patient with a less common disorder, a conference filled with undiscovered topics, or what seems like a completely unintelligible journal article, we are often hit in the face with how much we don’t know as individuals and how much in the fields of psychiatry and neuroscience don’t know overall. This is mainly a good thing – it keeps us humble and hungry to learn more. But these frequent reminders can also hold us back by creating the illusion that our knowledge and skills are so rudimentary and incomplete that we need to delay jumping into the world of advocacy, media, and politics until we reach some poorly defined threshold of expertise.
Advocacy: Writing Effective Op-Ed Pieces
Authors: Copeland J. Nathan , Holloway Robert P.
Published: February 2024

Child and adolescent psychiatrists have extensive experience in direct clinical care and working within health systems. This leads to an expertise that can inform and improve mental health care delivery. Yet physician voices aren’t necessarily sought after or readily heard when making legislative and policy decisions. Writing informative and effective op-eds can amplify your voice, but it requires many elements beyond expertise. An effective op-ed must be engaging enough to be read by a diverse group of readers, informative enough to allow readers to grasp the issues, and should avoid divisive language that could introduce barriers to problem solving.
Liberation Psychology as a Resource for Child Psychiatrists
Authors: Kessler Carol L.
Published: February 2024

I first encountered Ignacio Martín-Baró’s liberation psychology when I volunteered for the Salvadoran Archdiocese Health Project in 1987. At the time, physicians working with the poor in El Salvador were persecuted. Aesculapius International Medicine, a small non-profit organization, responded to the Salvadoran Archdiocese’s request for health professionals who would be less likely targets of dollar-backed bullets. We would travel to towns in conflict zones to teach volunteers to diagnose and treat the most common diseases. Poor survivors in remote areas became health promoters for their neighbors. Seeds of liberation were sown.
Integrating Pop Culture Icons Into CBT With Young Patients
Authors: Thordarson Micaela A. , Paternostro Jennifer K. , Friedberg Robert D.
Published: February 2024

Self-doubt is an equal opportunity emotional villain. In Christopher Nolan’s Dark Knight trilogy,1-3 Batman/Bruce Wayne is portrayed as a vulnerable individual combatting multiple adversities. The dialogue above between Bruce Wayne/Batman and his trusted butler Alfred, illustrates the universality of self-doubt, as well as the power of persistence and resilience. Failure is inevitable and cannot be absolutely avoided, but it also provides us with lessons for how to rise up after life’s hard knocks strike us down. Popular culture heroes such as Dory from Finding Nemo,4 characters like Riley from Inside Out,5 and Batman all model endurance in the face of distress. They all keep calm and carry on!
Psychiatrists Should Be Mental HEALTH Professionals
Authors: Rettew David C.
Published: February 2024

At a recent get together, I was asked by someone I had just met what I do for a living. His response, after I told him I was a child psychiatrist, was, “So you drug up kids.” I get this a fair amount. This is our new identity in the public eye. The caricature of the psychiatrist has changed over the past few decades from the bearded therapist in a tweed jacket asking about a person’s dreams to a more antiseptic-looking doc in a white lab coat doling out “mind altering” medications.
The Boy Who Lived: Harry Potter, Suicide, and an Opportunity for Mental Health Literacy
Authors: Sinyor Mark
Published: February 2024

It has been 20 years since the first of the Harry Potter books was published. In the interim, they have been translated into 73 languages and sold more than 450 million copies. It seems everyone knows Harry, even within the notoriously restrictive Guantanamo Bay

prison.2 When I first read the books, I thought I knew Harry too, but I was missing something important that has significance for our field.
Introduction: The Coolest Job in the World
Authors: Stroeh Oliver M.
Published: February 2024

Particularly given the summer season and its accompanying cadres of new trainees and graduates being equally welcomed into our field, I thought I’d forgo a more typical introduction and, instead, share the one that Professor Richard Livingston prepared to welcome this year’s new child and adolescent psychiatry residents to the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Connect is proud to publish his comments here for the first time. Given the breadth of our work as mental health professionals working with youth, we really do have what Livingston aptly calls “the coolest job in the world.”
The Default Mode Network: How the Mind Wanders
Authors: Levy Florence
Published: February 2024

The advent of sophisticated brain mapping techniques (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], functional MRI [fMRI]) has given rise to the accidental discovery of a “default mode network” (DMN) in the brain, which is activated when individuals at rest are left undisturbed to think to themselves.1 The activity associated with engagement of the DMN has been described as “mind-wandering,” and has received increasing attention in the literature.3 This rest state is involved in the “generation and manipulation of mental images, reminiscence of past experience based on episodic memory and making plans.”2(p295)
Clinical Review of New Medications for Treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Zelenak Jozef , Getz Alexander
Published: February 2024

As a busy child and adolescent psychiatry fellow, I appreciate having access to condensed information about new psychopharmacologic treatments available on the market, which helps me remain informed and improves my patients’ care. I appreciated when my faculty mentor brought to my attention Daughton’s 2009 article1 that reviews attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pharmacotherapies. However, several years have elapsed since that article was published, and there have been new medications released to market. These medications are not novel compounds but rather new preparations of existing compounds that broaden modes of administration and provide additional pharmacokinetic variations. Thus, a brief update is in order.
Receiving the Torch
Authors: Stroeh Oliver M.
Published: February 2024

I write this introduction, my first as editor of Connect, with both excitement and a sense of privilege. I have greatly appreciated the opportunity over the previous one-and-a-half years to work alongside Michelle Horner (Connect’s founding editor), the Connect editorial board, and the broader JAACAP team, to establish Connect as it is today. As a child and adolescent psychiatry residency training director, I value the mission of Connect, which is to engage trainees and practitioners in the process of lifelong learning via readership, authorship, and publication experiences that emphasize translation of research findings into the clinical practice of child and adolescent psychiatry. I applaud all of the authors, readers, and editorial team members who make Connect possible.
Talking to Parents About Behavioral Problems in Children Following Prenatal Illicit Substance Exposure
Authors: Wagner Elizabeth , Gleason Mary Margaret
Published: February 2024

Case: A 36-month-old girl with a reported history of prenatal substance exposure is brought to an outpatient pediatric clinic to establish care and receive immunizations to enroll in daycare. The father reports that he became custodial parent of the child in the past week, following the mother’s arrest for possession of an illegal substance. Previously, the child lived in another state with her mother and had limited contact with him. He is unaware of her medical history. When he brings her to the clinic, she is wearing her nightgown, and her hair is not brushed. She makes little eye contact and sometimes appears to actively avert her eyes. At the mention of her mother, she becomes more agitated, crying and tearing at the exam table paper, but uses few words. Her general physical exam is otherwise benign. Her father notes that he can’t get her to talk and that he is overwhelmed by her screams and tantrums. He wonders if her behavior is due to prenatal drug exposure, since her mother was “taking something” while she was pregnant.
A Literary Perspective on Foster Care in the United States
Authors: Jacobi Celina , Glowinski Anne L.
Published: February 2024

One thing I appreciate about psychiatry is the field’s consideration of a patient as a person with a life outside of the doctor’s office. Yet, as medical school drew to an end, I knew little about one particular patient population I anticipated serving as a future child psychiatrist: children in foster care. According to the US Children’s Bureau, the number of children in foster care served nationally decreased almost 19% (from 797,000 to 646,000 children) between 2005 and 2012, but now is on the rise again with 653,000 served in 2014.1 Approximately 50% of children who enter the foster care system are returned to their parents, but 20-30% of those children will reenter the system within one year.1 In most states, children age out of the system at age 18 with no support and no one to turn to in a crisis; between 11% and 36% of those who age out become homeless, and only 40% find employment.2 A recent study in Pediatrics showed that former foster children are 2.3 times more likely to report poor general health than economically secure young adults.3 This is congruent with chronic stress research, which shows that exposure to chronic stressors can lead to adverse health outcomes. Studies show that 80% of children in foster care have significant emotional and behavioral problems.4 Tragically, behavioral health service use drops by 60% within a month of discharge from foster care, and 90% of young adults with externalizing disorders who were formerly in foster care are arrested within 1 year of aging out.2 What is the US foster care system that produces these sobering outcomes? To begin to answer this question, I started from a historical perspective to learn how the system developed and how it currently functions.
Flavors From the Stewpot: Scholarship, Research, and Career Development in Hawaii
Authors: Goebert Deborah , Guerrero Anthony P.S. , Hishinuma Earl S.
Published: February 2024

I ulu no ka lala I ke kumu (The reach of a tree’s branches depends on its trunk)1: this ’ōlelo no‘eau, or proverb, may also metaphorically reference the role of predecessors in our strength and direction. Connections to our predecessors and place continue to be of cultural significance in Hawaii. They remind us that we have a role and responsibility to those who came before us, to our community, and to future generations. These bonds of interconnectedness define the relations important for wellbeing and growth. We need to recognize the holistic aspects of this knowledge, promote pursuit of knowledge, understand diversities of our connections, and apply these elements in practical ways. This framework enables us to provide service and support to the communities in Hawaii, as well as extend this knowledge outward from academia and in conjunction with the community, into the Pacific, throughout the world, and among underserved populations. It takes a visionary with a nurturing heart and a brilliant mind to initiate the scholarship, research, and career development programs that are optimally positioned to address these important challenges facing psychiatry. It is within this context that we celebrate the many contributions of Dr. John (“Jack”) F. McDermott, Jr., to our department and our field.