bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Marine Pyrrolocarbazoles and Analogues — Synthesis and Kinase Inhibition
Authors: Deslandes Sebastien , Chassaing Stefan , Delfourne Evelyne
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Submarine Journey: The Pyrrole‐—Imidazole Alkaloids
Authors: Forte Barbara , Malgesini Beatrice , Piutti Claudia , Quartieri Francesca , Scolaro Alessandra , Papeo Gianluca
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Process Intensification of Nicotinic Acid Production via Enzymatic Conversion Using Reactive Extraction
Authors: Kumar S. , Babu B. V.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Plants from the Genus Phlomis
Authors: Li Mao‐Xing , Shang Xiao‐Fei , Jia Zheng‐Ping , Zhang Ru‐Xue
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Optical Oxygen Sensor Devices Using Metalloporphyrins
Authors: Amao Yutaka , Okura Ichiro
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate Recognition by Boronolectins, Small Molecules, and Lectins
Authors: Jin Shan , Cheng Yunfeng , Reid Suazette , Li Minyong , Wang Binghe
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of the Structure of Internal Complexes of 8‐Mercaptoquinoline and Its Derivatives
Authors: Silina E.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enantioselectivity of hydroxylation of racemic piperitone by fungi
Authors: Grudniewska Aleksandra , Gniłka Radosław , Wawrzeńczyk Czesław
Published: April 2010

The biotransformation of racemic piperitone ((±)‐1) was investigated using four strains of fungi selected in the screening procedure. The substrate was transformed by Botrytis cinerea AM235, Absidia cylindrospora AM336, Absidia coerulea AM93, and Absidia glauca AM177 into more polar metabolites. The transformation of racemic piperitone ((±)‐1) catalyzed by B. cinerea AM235 gave 7‐hydroxypiperitone (2) as the only product. The biotransformation of (±)‐1 by A. cylindrospora AM336 afforded mixture of three products: (−)‐(R)‐7‐hydroxypiperitone ((−)‐2), (+)‐(4S,6R)‐trans‐6‐hydroxypiperitone ((+)‐3), and (+)‐(4R,6R)‐cis‐6‐hydroxypiperitone ((+)‐4). The transformation of this substrate ((±)‐1) by A. coerulea AM93 gave (±)‐7‐hydroxypiperitone ((±)‐2), (−)‐(4R,6S)‐trans‐6‐hydroxypiperitone (−)‐3), and (−)‐(4S,6S)‐cis‐6‐hydroxypiperitone ((−)‐4). The last strain studied, A. glauca AM177, converted racemic piperitone ((±)‐1) to four products: (+)‐(S)‐7‐hydroxypiperitone (2), (+)‐(4S,6R)‐trans‐6‐hydroxypiperitone ((+)‐3), (±)‐cis‐6‐hydroxypiperitone ((±)‐4), and 8‐hydroxypiperitone (5). Chirality, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Herstellung von Wandkatalysatoren für Mikrostrukturreaktoren mittels der Niederdruckspritztechnologie
Authors: Schwarz T. , Döring H. , Klemm E. , Schirrmeister S.
Published: May 2010

Stark exotherme chemische Reaktionen können in Mikrostrukturreaktoren wegen ihrer hohen Wärmeabfuhrleistung nahezu isotherm durchgeführt werden. Bei exothermen, heterogen katalysierten Gasphasenreaktionen können Mikrostrukturreaktoren mit Wandkatalysatoren eingesetzt werden, um die freiwerdende Reaktionswärme effizient über die Wand an das Wärmeträgermedium abzuführen. Die reproduzierbare und automatisierbare Herstellung von mechanisch stabilen, ausreichend porösen, aktiven und selektiven Wandkatalysatoren mit Dicken von mehreren 100 μm stellt dabei die entscheidende Schlüsseltechnologie dar. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass die Niederdruckspritztechnologie eine solche Schlüsseltechnologie ist. Entscheidend sind dabei die vom jeweiligen Katalysatorsystem abhängenden optimalen Spritzbedingungen wie insbesondere der optimale Spritzdruck. Optimale Schichten besitzen Kavitäten im Mikrometerbereich, da dann die für einen großtechnischen Reaktor notwendige hohe mechanische Stabilität gewährleistet ist.
Hochdurchsatzmethoden zur Entdeckung und Optimierung kristalliner poröser Materialien
Authors: Stock N.
Published: May 2010

Hochdurchsatz (HD)‐Methoden erlauben eine systematische und effiziente Untersuchung komplexer Parameterräume, wie sie oft bei Solvothermalsynthesen beobachtet werden. Ihr Einsatz ermöglicht es, schneller neue Verbindungen zu entdecken, Synthesebedingungen zu optimieren bzw. Reaktionstrends ausfindig zu machen. Mit einem unterschiedlichen Ausmaß an Parallelisierung, Miniaturisierung und Automatisierung der einzelnen Arbeitsschritte wurden innerhalb des letzten Jahrzehnts einige HD‐Methodiken entwickelt, deren Einsatz zu neuen herausragenden mikroporösen Verbindungen im Bereich der Zeolithe, ZIFs (zeolithic imidazolate frameworks) und MOFs (metal‐organic frameworks) geführt haben.
Poröse Materialien – Kurze Vor‐ und Frühgeschichte
Authors: Robens E.
Published: May 2010

Holzkohle kann als erstes synthetisches Material der Menschheit angesehen werden. Holz‐ und Knochenkohle sowie oberflächenaktive Erden wurden schon in vorgeschichtlichen Technologien vielfältig benutzt. Die systematische Erforschung poröser Adsorbentien beginnt 1773 mit Scheele, Priestley und Fontana. Zu Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts war die Zuckerraffinerie die erste industrielle Nutzung, Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde die großindustrielle Fabrikation poröser Materialien aufgenommen und mit der Wende zum 20. Jahrhundert wurden viele neuartige poröse Materialien synthetisiert und erforscht.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction on a Rotating Ag/GC Disk Electrode in Acidic Solution
Authors: Kazeman Isa , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Jafarian Majid , Shadjou Nasrin , Khalilzadeh Balal
Published: April 2010

Finding an appropriate mechanism of oxygen reduction reaction, without having kinetic parameters and intermediate species at hand, is an impossible task. In view of the fact that this reaction is one of the important reactions, it was tried to overcome this problem through computing the kinetic parameters by means of Ag/GC rotating disc electrode in an acidic solution. Using this electrode, two values were obtained for electron transfer coefficient and reaction order was calculated through relative equations. Based on this information, an ECE (electrochemical chemical electrochemical) mechanism has been proposed.
Water Soluble Starch Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticle: Efficient Catalyst for Miyaura‐Suzuki Coupling Reaction
Authors: Liu Shiyong , Zhou Qizhong , Jiang Huajiang
Published: April 2010

The fabricated water soluble starch stabilized palladium nanoparticle promoted Miyaura‐Suzuki coupling reaction with high catalytic activity and selectivity and in excellent yields, which include recovery and re‐use of this catalyst at least three times.
Diels‐Alder Reactions of Ethyl α‐Bromoacrylate with Open‐chain Dienes–Synthesis of Ethyl 1,3‐/ 1,4‐Cyclohexadienecarboxylates
Authors: Li Yingjie , Wang Quanrui , Andreas Goeke
Published: April 2010

The Diels‐Alder reactions of ethyl α‐bromoacrylate 1 with open‐chain dienes 2 were conducted under thermal or Lewis acid‐catalysis conditions. In most cases, the cyclic adducts of 1‐bromocyclohex‐3‐enecarboxylates 3 were formed in high yields with good regio‐ and stereoselectivity. Subsequent E2‐elimination by treatment with DBU provided the corresponding 1,3‐ or 1,4‐cyclohexadienecarboxylates depending on the relative configuration of the products. Starting from myrcene (7‐methyl‐3‐methyleneocta‐1,6‐diene) the reaction sequence afforded the ester precursor of Georgywood with good yields.
An Asymtomatic Unicuspid Aortic Valve With Aortic Aneurysm and Secundum Type Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: Ermis Necip , Bilgi Muhammet , Altay Hakan , Erol Tansel
Published: May 2010

Unicuspid aortic valve is a rare pathology among congenital heart diseases that requires cardiac surgery and is often confused with bicuspid valve. Herein, we report a case of a unicommisural form of unicuspid aortic valve concomitant with aortic aneurysm and secundum type atrial septal defect. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hypoadiponectinemia Is Associated With Prehypertension in Obese Individuals of Multiethnic Origin
Authors: Celoria Bruno M.J. , Genelhu Virginia A. , Pimentel Duarte Stenio Fernando , Delfraro Paula A.S. , Francischetti Emilio A.
Published: May 2010

Background

Considering that prehypertension is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk, hypoadiponectinemia seems to be a predictor of hypertension.

Hypothesis

This study investigated whether adiponectin plasma levels are affected in Brazilian obese prehypertensives compared with those in normotensives and hypertensives.

Methods

The study involved 96 multiethnic obese subjects (mean age = 42.8–11.9 years; BMI = 35.7–7.3 kg/m2). Fasting plasma adiponectin and serum insulin were determined by radioimmunoassay. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA‐IR. Blood pressure was recorded using a calibrated automated sphygmomanometer.

Results

Adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in prehypertensives compared with those in normotensives, but hypertensives exhibited the lowest adiponectin concentrations of all. Regarding the values of HOMA‐IR, both prehypertensives and hypertensives were significantly more insulin resistant when compared with normotensives. When normotensives and prehypertensives were classified according to the 50th percentile of adiponectin (≤ vs > 6.5 mg/ml) a logistic regression was performed to estimate the association of this adipokine with hypertension, the lower the plasma adiponectin values, the greater the association. A multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for cardiometabolic factors showed that systolic blood pressure increased by 1.612 mm Hg for 1 µg/mL reduction in adiponectin plasma levels (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Our findings have shown that hypoadiponectinemia is associated with prehypertension in obese individuals of multiethnic origin. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Swallowing‐induced Atrial Tachyarrhythmia Triggered by Salbutamol: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tandeter H. , Kobal S. , Katz A.
Published: May 2010

Case

A 49‐year‐old patient experienced chest discomfort while swallowing. On electrocardiogram, episodes of atrial tachyarrhythmia were recorded immediately after swallowing; 24‐hour Holter monitoring recorded several events. The arrhythmia resolved after therapy with atenolol, but recurred a year later. The patient noticed that before these episodes he had been using an inhalator of salbutamol. After stopping the β‐agonist, and after a week with the atenolol, the arrhythmia disappeared.

Discussion

Swallowing‐induced atrial tachyarrhythmia (SIAT) is a rare phenomenon. Fewer than 50 cases of SIAT have been described in the literature. This article summarizes all the cases published, creating a comprehensive review of the current knowledge and approach to SIAT. It discusses demographics, clinical characteristics and types of arrhythmia, postulated mechanisms of SIAT, and different treatment possibilities such as medications, surgery, and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).

Conclusion

Salbutamol is presented here as a possible trigger for SIAT. Although it is difficult to define causality in a case report, it is logical to think that a β‐agonist like salbutamol (known to induce tachycardia) may be the trigger of adrenergic reflexes originating in the esophagus while swallowing and that a β‐blocker such as atenolol (that blocks the adrenergic activity) may relieve it. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Relationship between CD40 Gene Polymorphism and Unstable Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Wang Cuiping , Yan Jinchuan , Yang Ping , Du Rongzeng , Chen Guanghua
Published: May 2010

Background

Recently, CD40 polymorphism was found to be associated with acute coronary syndromes. However, few study was involved in the relationship between CD40 polymorphism and the risk of the vulnerable plaque to rupture so far.

Materials and Methods

A total of 699 patients who have received coronary angiography were divided into 3 groups according to the morphological division of the plaques: complex lesions (343 cases), smooth lesions (131 cases), and control group (225 cases).The gene polymorphism was measured by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) and identified by sequencing.

Results

The CC genotype and C allele frequency of the CD40 gene in the complex lesions group is significantly higher than in the smooth lesions group and the control group (P < .001), while the TT genotype frequency in the complex lesions group is significantly lower than that of the smooth lesions group and the control group (P < .001). The C allele increased disruption risk of the plaques in the complex lesions group as compared with the smooth lesions group (odds ratio [OR]: 1.697, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.273–2.261). No significant differences in genotypes or allele frequencies were found between the smooth lesions group and the control group.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that CD40 (−1C/T) polymorphism was associated with unstable coronary atherosclerotic plaques. The C allele frequency increased the risk of disruption of the coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Case Report: The Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitor Administration on Hemodynamics in a Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Booher Anna M. , Dorsch Michael , Gurm Hitinder S.
Published: May 2010

Ex vivostudies have suggested that high dose proton pump inhibitors (PPI) may have negative inotropic effects in myocardial tissue. We sought to investigate this concept in a real‐world clinical setting. In this case series, we enrolled critically ill patients in the coronary and cardiothoracic intensive care units who had a preexisting pulmonary artery (PA) catheter in place for hemodynamic monitoring and were on a PPI for prespecified clinical indications. Hemodynamic measurements were made at baseline and then at 15 minute intervals for 1 hour after PPI administration. A total of 18 patients were evaluated; 72% were male with a mean age of 59.9 years. A total of 9 patients were evaluated on 2 consecutive days, yielding 26 patient‐exposures to the medication. The majority of patients (72%) were receiving 1 or more inotropic agents (n= 6), a vasopressor (n= 4), or both (n= 4). When compared to baseline values, there was no significant change in mean arterial pressure (baseline 80 ± 11 mm Hg), heart rate (87 ± 11 bpm), or Fick cardiac index (2.7 ± 1.8 L/min/m2). Mean PA pressure did decrease transiently at 45 minutes following PPI administration (28.5 ± 7.7 mm Hg at baseline vs 26.5 ± 7.5 mm Hg, P = 0.017), but is unlikely to be of clinical significance. In conclusion, these data suggest that IV PPIs do not immediately impact important hemodynamic parameters and are likely safe in a high‐risk intensive care setting. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survey of Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among Chinese Governmental and Institutional Employees in Beijing
Authors: Xu Tao , Wang Yang , Li Wei , Chen Wei‐Wei , Zhu Manlu , Hu Bo , Chen Tao , Liu Bing
Published: May 2010

Background

Few studies have been done on the effects that awareness, treatment, and control have on hypertension among governmental and institutional employees.

Hypothesis

The aim of this study was to explore prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among governmental and institutional employees.

Methods

A total of 80 governmental organizations and institutions were selected with a 2‐stage clustering sampling method in Beijing and all employees in the selected institutions were considered our study subjects. The survey questionnaires included demographic characteristics; medical, personal, and family health history; lifestyle information; and sources of blood pressure knowledge.

Results

The ages of 30 682 subjects ranged from 18 to 65 years and averaged 40.3 ± 11.4 years. The proportion of males was 54.4% (16 702 subjects). A total of 9216 subjects were diagnosed hypertensive and the prevalence rate was 30.0%. Among hypertensive patients, 5399 subjects were aware of being hypertensive and the awareness rate was 58.6%. Although 51.7% of hypertensive subjects were taking antihypertensive medications, only 2371 subjects had their blood pressure under control (<140/90 mm Hg) and the control rate was 25.7%. Only 4915 subjects (16.0%) monitored their own blood pressure regularly. Health publications (50.6%) and families/friends (49.1%) were the main sources of hypertension knowledge. Female hypertensive subjects have more effectively controlled blood pressure than their male counterparts. Subjects with a bachelor's degree or higher had a lower awareness rate and treatment rate, but a higher control rate.

Conclusions

The percentage of hypertensive subjects who are aware, treated, and controlled are unacceptably low among Chinese governmental and institutional employees. Regular medical check‐ups and measuring of blood pressure are necessary to improve awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lead Astray: Minimally Invasive Removal of a Pacing Lead in the Left Ventricle
Authors: Stouffer Chadwick W. , Shillingford Michael S. , Miles William M. , Conti Jamie B. , Beaver Thomas M.
Published: May 2010

Pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) leads are placed routinely with few notable complications. A rarely described complication of transvenous lead placement is malpositioning into the left ventricle. This situation can cause additional complications in the form of thromboembolic events. We present a case of a malpositioned left ventricular lead that was successfully removed with a minimally invasive technique. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Causes and Outcomes of Inadequate Implementation of Existing Guidelines for Antiplatelet Treatment in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Experience From Taiwan Acute Coronary Syndrome Descriptive Registry (T‐ACCORD Registry)
Authors: Cheng Cheng‐I , Chen Ching‐Pei , Kuan Pei‐Liang , Lei Meng‐Huan , Liau Chiau‐Suong , Ueng Kwo‐Chang , Wu Chiung‐Jen , Lai Wen‐Ter
Published: May 2010

Background

Benefits of antiplatelet agents in preventing future cardiovascular events have been well established. However, the prescription pattern of antiplatelet usage in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is rarely investigated. Hence, Taiwan ACute CORonary Syndrome Descriptive Registry (T‐ACCORD Registry) aimed to evaluate medical practices in Taiwan in managing ACS patients.

Hypothesis

The guidelines of antiplatelet treatment is not properly implanted in the management of ACS patients.

Methods

This prospective observational study was performed between April 2004 and December 2006 in 27 hospitals in Taiwan. A total of 1331 patients with unstable angina or non–ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) discharged from hospitals was analyzed.

Results

The patients with older age, lower hemoglobin levels, or previous cardiovascular ischemic diseases were less likely to receive aspirin at discharge, whereas patients with NSTEMI were less likely to receive clopidogrel at discharge. The prescription of dual antiplatelet agents declined rapidly from 61.8% at discharge to 12.6% at 12 months. The most common reason for clopidogrel discontinuation was recorded as physician's judgment. Dual antiplatelet treatment for 9 months or longer was associated with lower 1‐year mortality. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was the only factor leading to dual antiplatelet therapy for at least 9 months.

Conclusions

Our registry showed that underlying medical conditions may affect antiplatelet prescriptions at discharge. During the first year following an ACS episode, the prescription rate of dual antiplatelet therapy declined over time, mainly due to physician's judgment leading to the discontinuation of clopidogrel. Adherence to dual antiplatelet treatment was associated with lower total mortality at 1 year. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imatinib plus low‐dose doxorubicin in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors refractory to high‐dose imatinib
Authors: Maurel Joan , Martins Ana Sofia , Poveda Andrés , López‐Guerrero José Antonio , Cubedo Ricardo , Casado Antonio , Martínez‐Trufero Javier , Ramón Ayuso Juan , Lopez‐Pousa Antonio , Garcia‐Albeniz Xabier , Garcia del Muro Xavier , de Alava Enrique
Published: April 2010

BACKGROUND:

In KIT‐expressing Ewing sarcoma cell lines, the addition of doxorubicin to imatinib increases apoptosis, compared with imatinib or doxorubicin alone. On the basis of these in vitro data, the authors conducted a phase 1‐2 trial of doxorubicin with imatinib in patients with gastrointestinal sarcoma tumors refractory to high‐dose imatinib therapy.

METHODS:

Patients with metastatic gastrointestinal sarcoma tumor resistant to imatinib at 400 mg by mouth (p.o.) twice a day were eligible for this multicenter study, and received imatinib (400 mg p.o. every day [q.d.]) concomitantly with doxorubicin 15‐20 mg/m2/weekly for 4 cycles (monthly cycles), followed by imatinib (400 mg p.o. q.d.) maintenance in nonprogressive patients. Spiral computed tomography and positron emission tomography with F18‐fluorodeoxyglucose were done basally and after 2 months of therapy to evaluate response. An in vitro study assessed the effect of combining imatinib and doxorubicin.

RESULTS:

Twenty‐six patients with progressive gastrointestinal sarcoma tumor were entered in the study. Treatment was well tolerated. Three (14%) of 22 evaluable patients had partial responses per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, and 8 (36%) had clinical benefit (partial response or stable disease for ≥6 months). Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 100 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 62‐138), and median survival was 390 days (95% CI, 264‐516). Interestingly, PFS was 211 days (95% CI, 52‐370) in patients with wild type (WT)KITand 82 days (95% CI, 53‐111) in non‐WT patients (10 mutant, 6 not assessed). A synergistic effect on cell line proliferation and apoptosis was found with imatinib and doxorubicin combination.

CONCLUSIONS:

Low‐dose chemobiotherapy combination showed promising activity in heavily pretreated gastrointestinal sarcoma tumor patients, especially in those with WT‐KITgenotype. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
CFL1 expression levels as a prognostic and drug resistance marker in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Castro Mauro Antonio Alves , Dal‐Pizzol Felipe , Zdanov Stephanie , Soares Marcio , Müller Carolina Beatriz , Lopes Fernanda Martins , Zanotto‐Filho Alfeu , Fernandes Marilda da Cruz , Moreira Jose Claudio Fonseca , Shacter Emily , Klamt Fábio
Published: April 2010

BACKGROUND:

Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major determinant of overall cancer mortality worldwide. Despite progress in molecular research, current treatments offer limited benefits. Because NSCLC generates early metastasis, and this behavior requires great cell motility, herein the authors assessed the potential value of CFL1 gene (main member of the invasion/metastasis pathway) as a prognostic and predictive NSCLC biomarker.

METHODS:

Metadata analysis of tumor tissue microarray was applied to examine expression of CFL1 in archival lung cancer samples from 111 patients, and its clinicopathologic significance was investigated. The robustness of the finding was validated using another independent data set. Finally, the authors assayed in vitro the role of CFL1 levels in tumor invasiveness and drug resistance using 6 human NSCLC cell lines with different basal degrees of CFL1 gene expression.

RESULTS:

CFL1 levels in biopsies discriminate between good and bad prognosis at early tumor stages (IA, IB, and IIA/B), where high CFL1 levels are correlated with lower overall survival rate (P < .0001). Biomarker performance was further analyzed by immunohistochemistry, hazard ratio (P < .001), and receiver‐operating characteristic curve (area = 0.787; P < .001). High CFL1 mRNA levels and protein content are positively correlated with cellular invasiveness (determined by Matrigel Invasion Chamber System) and resistance (2‐fold increase in drug 50% growth inhibition dose) against a list of 22 alkylating agents. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the CFL1 gene network had the same robustness for stratified NSCLC patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study indicates that the CFL1 gene and its functional gene network can be used as prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC and could also guide chemotherapeutic interventions. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
The excessive cost of early stage bladder cancer care
Authors: Hemani Micah L. , Bennett Charles L.
Published: April 2010

The management of early stage bladder cancer is a potential target for major healthcare savings for many reasons. To solve the problem of irrational spending on bladder cancer, more cost‐effectiveness research must be undertaken, and the results of such research must be used to direct clinical practice and to influence healthcare policy reform.
The development of roof color in ancient China
Authors: Gou Aiping , Wang Jiangbo
Published: April 2010

The roof in ancient Chinese building is sloped roof which plays an important role in chromatic townscape. In earlier time, the colors in roofs were gray. With the development of technique in tiles making, tiles color was becoming colorful.

However, the color usage in ancient architecture is regulated by hierarchy and the theory of five colors and five essences. Even there were a lot of colored glaze pieces in construction, only very few colors were used in royal and temple buildings' roof. Those regulations and laws made the characters of roof colors in different zones outstanding and legible.

With specific color samples of different dynasties tested on site, and related laws and documentations analysis, as well as the theory of five colors and five essences, this article reports research on the characters of the roof colors in different periods, to draw out the turning points and reasons of roof color changes in crucial periods. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
A formalized approach for designing a P2P‐based dynamic load balancing scheme
Authors: Xie Hengheng , Boukerche Azzedine , Zhang Ming
Published: April 2010

Quality of service (QoS) is attracting more and more attention in many areas, including entertainment, emergency services, transaction services, and so on. Therefore, the study of QoS‐aware systems is becoming an important research topic in the area of distributed systems. In terms of load balancing, most of the existing QoS‐related load balancing algorithms focus on Routing Mechanism and Traffic Engineering. However, research on QoS‐aware task scheduling and service migration is very limited. In this paper, we propose a task scheduling algorithm using dynamic QoS properties, and we develop a Genetic Algorithm‐based Services Migration scheme aiming to optimize the performance of our proposed QoS‐aware distributed service‐based system. In order to verify the efficiency of our scheme, we implement a prototype of our algorithm using a P2P‐based JXTA technique, and do an emulation test and a simulation test in order to analyze our proposed solution. We compare our service‐migration‐based algorithm with non‐migration and non‐load‐balancing approaches, and find that our solution is much better than the other two in terms of QoS success rate. Furthermore, in order to provide more solid proofs of our research, we use DEVS to validate our system design. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The stability of a chaotic PWM boost converter
Authors: Li Hong , Li Zhong , Zhang Bo , Zheng Qionglin , Halang Wolfgang
Published: April 2010

A novel chaotic pulse‐width‐modulation (PWM) boost converter has been previously proposed to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) in DC–DC converters, where the circuit design and simulations have been conducted, but the problems such as the mean value estimation of state variables for circuit parameter design, the ripple estimation of the input current and the stability analysis have been remained to be addressed in this paper. Here, a mean value estimation method is first proposed, which is used to estimate the mean values of state variables of chaotic PWM boost converters for facilitating the circuit parameter design and selection of circuit components. Although ripples are slightly increased, caused by adopting chaotic carriers, the DC–DC converter with reduced EMI is still stable under the chaotic PWM control. This work provides a theoretic verification of the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed chaotic PWM DC–DC converters. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fully‐integrated CMOS UWB transceiver for ultra‐low‐power short‐range application
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Zhang Sheng , Wang Shuo , Zhou Runde
Published: April 2010

In short‐range UWB communication systems, the low‐power design is the most important issue to make UWB technology attractive. A novel trigger receiving algorithm for UWB signals is proposed, which can reduce the system power significantly at the cost of slight performance degrade. A UWB transceiver based on the trigger receiving algorithm is designed and fabricated in HJTC 0.18 µm CMOS process with a total size of 0.45 mm2. The experimental results show that the total power consumption of the transceiver is only 12 mW at 100 Mb/s data rate from a 1.8 V supply, making it suitable for low‐power short‐range communication. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐stage nested‐Miller‐compensated operational amplifiers: Analysis, design, and optimization based on settling time
Authors: Aminzadeh Hamed
Published: April 2010

In analog signal‐processing applications, settling performance of the employed operational amplifiers (opamps) is usually of great matter. Under low‐voltage environment of modern technologies where only a few transistors are allowed to be stacked, three‐stage amplifiers are gaining more interest. Unfortunately, design and optimization of three‐stage opamps based on settling time still suffer from lack of a comprehensive analysis of the settling behavior and closed‐form relations between settling time/error and other parameters. In this paper, a thorough analysis of the settling response of three‐stage nested‐Miller‐compensated opamps, including linear and non‐linear sections, is presented. This analysis leads to a design methodology which determines the circuit requirements for desired settling time/error. Based on settling time, it allows optimizations in power consumption and area. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BDD‐based synthesis for mixed CMOS/PTL logic
Authors: Kao Chi‐Chou
Published: April 2010

Power consumption and performance are two important design constraints for logic synthesis in design automation. In this paper, we propose an efficient synthesis algorithm to minimize power dissipation and optimize performance of the given digital circuits by constructing a binary decision diagram (BDD) whose nodes can be implemented by CMOS logics and pass‐transistor logics (PTL) in a cell library.

For BDD mapped circuits, the conventional synthesis algorithms need three cells: the CMOS cell, PTL cell, and CMOS remapping pattern. In the proposed synthesis algorithm, we first refine the cell library structure to two kinds of cells: PTL and CMOS cells. Next, a new algorithm is presented to select the suitable cells so that the areas and power dissipation can be decreased when the logic functions of the given digital circuits are mapped into BDD. The efficiency of this algorithm has been shown in the experimental results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A QoE management system to improve the IPTV network
Authors: Lloret Jaime , Garcia Miguel , Atenas Marcelo , Canovas Alejandro
Published: May 2010

One of the biggest problems of the IPTV providers is to offer enough quality of experience (QoE) to their customers. The minimum bandwidth in the access network required to provide IPTV services, jointly with the necessity to guarantee the QoE to the customers, creates the need for new type of algorithms to satisfy the network requirements. Apart from the parameters that depend on the application aspect and design, the user's QoE mainly depends on the video quality (VQ), which can be affected by the network parameters (jitter, delay, lost packets, etc.), and on other parameters, such as zapping time and synchronization time. In this paper, we implement several benches to know how each measurable parameter affects the user's QoE. Taking into account these parameters, we propose an analytical expression for the QoE calculation. Then, the paper presents a network management algorithm that takes into account the information received by the user to take the appropriate actions and vary some features of the IP network to provide enough IPTV QoE to the customer. Finally, we measure how one of the actions taken by our system affects the network performance and the VQ. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineering and characterization of the long‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogue LY2189265, an Fc fusion protein
Authors: Glaesner Wolfgang , Mark Vick Andrew , Millican Rohn , Ellis Bernice , Tschang Sheng‐Hung , Tian Yu , Bokvist Krister , Brenner Martin , Koester Anja , Porksen Niels , Etgen Garret , Bumol Tom
Published: May 2010

Background

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists are novel agents for type 2 diabetes treatment, offering glucose‐dependent insulinotropic effects, reduced glucagonemia and a neutral bodyweight or weight‐reducing profile. However, a short half‐life (minutes), secondary to rapid inactivation by dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) and excretion, limits the therapeutic potential of the native GLP‐1 hormone. Recently, the GLP‐1 receptor agonist exenatide injected subcutaneously twice daily established a novel therapy class. Developing long‐acting and efficacious GLP‐1 analogues represents a pivotal research goal. We developed a GLP‐1 immunoglobulin G (IgG4) Fc fusion protein (LY2189265) with extended pharmacokinetics and activity.

Methods

In vitro and in vivo activity of LY2189265 was characterized in rodent and primate cell systems and animal models.

Results

LY2189265 retained full receptor activity in vitro and elicited insulinotropic activity in islets similar to native peptide. Half‐life in rats and cynomolgus monkeys was 1.5–2 days, and serum immunoreactivity representing active compound persisted > 6 days. In rats, LY2189265 enhanced insulin responses during graded glucose infusion 24 h after one dose. LY2189265 increased glucose tolerance in diabetic mice after one dose and lowered weight and delayed hyperglycaemia when administered twice weekly for 4 weeks. In monkeys, LY2189265 significantly increased glucose‐dependent insulin secretion for up to a week after one dose, retained efficacy when administered subchronically (once weekly for 4 weeks) and was well tolerated.

Conclusions

LY2189265 retains the effects of GLP‐1 with increased half‐life and efficacy, supporting further evaluation as a once‐weekly treatment of type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of ADF/cofilin mediates attractive growth cone turning toward nerve growth factor and netrin‐1
Authors: Marsick Bonnie M. , Flynn Kevin C. , Santiago‐Medina Miguel , Bamburg James R. , Letourneau Paul C.
Published: April 2010

Proper neural circuitry requires that growth cones, motile tips of extending axons, respond to molecular guidance cues expressed in the developing organism. However, it is unclear how guidance cues modify the cytoskeleton to guide growth cone pathfinding. Here, we show acute treatment with two attractive guidance cues, nerve growth factor (NGF) and netrin‐1, for embryonic dorsal root ganglion and temporal retinal neurons, respectively, results in increased growth cone membrane protrusion, actin polymerization, and filamentous actin (F‐actin). ADF/cofilin (AC) family proteins facilitate F‐actin dynamics, and we found the inactive phosphorylated form of AC is decreased in NGF‐ or netrin‐1‐treated growth cones. Directly increasing AC activity mimics addition of NGF or netrin‐1 to increase growth cone protrusion and F‐actin levels. Extracellular gradients of NGF, netrin‐1, and a cell‐permeable AC elicit attractive growth cone turning and increased F‐actin barbed ends, F‐actin accumulation, and active AC in growth cone regions proximal to the gradient source. Reducing AC activity blunts turning responses to NGF and netrin. Our results suggest that gradients of NGF and netrin‐1 locally activate AC to promote actin polymerization and subsequent growth cone turning toward the side containing higher AC activity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 565–588, 2010
Mono‐ or Diplatinum Complexes Containing a π‐Conjugated Pentadiynyl Ligand
Authors: Tsutsumi Ken , Sakai Hayato , Sakonaka Kazuyuki , Yabukami Tomomi , Takahashi Yoshiteru , Nakagai Yuzo , Morimoto Tsumoru , Tabata Kenji , Kakiuchi Kiyomi
Published: May 2010

The reaction of pentadiynyl halides XCH2C≡CC≡CPh (1) with equimolar amounts of Pt(C2H4)(PPh3)2 in C6D6 produced cis‐(PPh3)2PtX(η1‐CH2C≡CC≡CPh) (cis‐2) as a kinetic product. Complex cis‐2 isomerized to trans‐(PPh3)2PtX(η1‐CH2C≡CC≡CPh) (trans‐2) or trans‐(PPh3)2PtX[η1‐C(C≡CPh)=C=CH2] (trans‐3) under some reaction conditions. In contrast to the reaction of Pt(C2H4)(PPh3)2, treatment of 1 with Pt(PPh3)4 generated cationic platinacyclobutene [(PPh3)2Pt{η2‐CH2C(PPh3)=C(C≡CPh)}]+Cl– (5) together with cis‐2 and trans‐2. Moreover, 2 equiv. of Pt(C2H4)(PPh3)2 and 1 provided η1,η2‐coordinated diplatinum complex cis‐(PPh3)2PtCl[η1‐ CH2C≡C{(PPh3)2Pt(η2‐C≡CPh)}] (7) and/or metallacyclobutene diplatinum complex (PPh3)2Pt[η2‐CH2C{(PPh3)2PtCl}=C(C≡CPh)] (8). The coordination modes of these complexes depend on the ratio of pentadiynyl halide, Pt, and PPh3, as well as temperature and the nature of the solvents. Protonolysis of metallacyclobutene complexes 5 and 8 with HCl gave [cis‐(PPh3)2PtCl{η1‐C(C≡CPh)=C(PPh3)CH3}]+Cl– (9) and [(PPh3)2Pt{η3‐CH2{cis‐(PPh3)2PtCl}CCH(C≡CPh)}]+Cl– (10). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of 12 showed η3‐ and η1‐coordination structure.
Sustainable production of bioenergy and biochar from the straw of high‐biomass soybean lines via fast pyrolysis
Authors: Boateng Akwasi A. , Mullen Charles A. , Goldberg Neil M. , Hicks Kevin B. , Devine Thomas E. , Lima Isabel M. , McMurtrey and James E.
Published: May 2010

The straws of two high‐biomass soybean lines developed at ARS for bioenergy were subjected to thermochemical conversion by fast pyrolysis. The objective was to evaluate the potential use of the straw for the production of liquid fuel intermediates. The immediate goal was to demonstrate production of pyrolysis liquid that can be burned “as is” and/or potentially be upgraded to transportation grade fuel and at the same time produce biochar that can be deployed as a soil amendment. The goal supports the concept of on‐farm biorefinery where food and bioenergy can be sustainably produced in a soybean farm system. The study shows that high yields of pyrolysis liquids (biooil) can be efficiently produced from the soybean straws using the fluidized‐bed fast pyrolysis technology. Free flowing biooils with heating values in excess of 20 MJ/kg were produced in yields of approximately 70 wt %. Accompanying this was 22 wt % mineral‐rich biochar that can be returned to the soil and up to 10 wt % combustible gas with the potential to partially power the pyrolysis system. A sustainable farm system may be enhanced by the synergy between production of extra biomass in soybean cultivation, lignocellulosic biofuel production, production and use of carbon sequestering, soil‐amending biochar in addition to nitrogen fixation by rhizobial bacteria. Although the findings are encouraging, actual data over several years will be necessary to fully evaluate a potential soybean farm biorefinery system by comprehensive life‐cycle analysis. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Roundup® and amphibians: The importance of concentration, application time, and stratification
Authors: Jones Devin K. , Hammond John I. , Relyea Rick A.
Published: April 2010

The widespread use of pesticides raises the possibility that non-target organisms might also be affected. To assess this, the traditional approach has been to conduct short-term laboratory experiments spanning a range of lethal concentrations and some longer-duration experiments at sublethal concentrations. While this approach has been very useful, less attention has been paid to the timing of exposure and the impacts of multiple, small exposures versus single, large exposures. We examined the role of application amount, timing, and frequency using outdoor mesocosm communities containing larval amphibians (Rana sylvatica and Bufo americanus) and using a commercial formulation of the herbicide glyphosate (Roundup Original MAX®). Consistent with past studies, exposures of up to 3 mg acid equivalent (a.e.)/L caused substantial amphibian death. However, the amount of death was considerably higher when the herbicide was applied earlier in the experiment than later in the experiment. Single, large applications (at different times) had larger effects on tadpole mortality and growth than multiple, small applications (of the same total amount). The results may reflect an acclimation to the herbicide over time. In treatments with high tadpole mortality, there was no resulting increase in periphyton, suggesting that the reduction in tadpole herbivory might have been offset by direct negative impacts of the herbicide. We also discovered that temperature stratification caused herbicide stratification, with higher concentrations near the surface. Such stratification has important implications to the habitat choices of ectotherms that might prefer surface waters for thermoregulation or prefer deeper waters to avoid predators. Collectively, the present study demonstrates the importance of examining multiple applications times and frequencies to understand the impacts of pesticides on organisms. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2016–2025. © 2010 SETAC
An adaptive finite element method for inviscid compressible flow
Authors: Nazarov Murtazo , Hoffman Johan
Published: April 2010

We present an adaptive finite element method for the compressible Euler equations, based on a posteriori error estimation of a quantity of interest in terms of a dual problem for the linearized equations. Continuous piecewise linear approximation is used in space and time, with componentwise weighted least‐squares stabilization of convection terms and residual‐based shock‐capturing. The adaptive algorithm is demonstrated numerically for the quantity of interest being the drag force on a body. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multi‐component lattice Boltzmann model with non‐uniform interfacial tension module for the study of blood flow in the microvasculature
Authors: Farhat Hassan , Lee Jong Suk , Lee Joon Sang
Published: April 2010

This study aims at analyzing the red blood cell (RBC) deformation and velocity while streaming through venules and through capillaries whose diameters are smaller than the RBC size. The characteristics of the RBC shape change and velocity can potentially help in diagnosing diseases. In this work, the RBC is considered as a surfactant‐covered droplet. This is justified by the fact that the cell membrane liquefies under pressure in the capillaries, and this allows the marginalization of its mechanical properties. The RBC membrane is in fact a macro‐colloid containing lipid surfactant. When liquefied, it can be considered as a droplet of immiscible hemoglobin covered with lipid surfactant in a plasma surrounding. The local gradient in the surface tension due to non‐uniform local interface surfactant distribution is neglected here, and a non‐uniform zonal‐averaged value of surface tension representative of the surfactant bulk zonal concentration is rather implemented. The interplay between the surface tension geometry and the hydrodynamic conditions determines the droplet shape by affecting a change in its Weber number, and influences its velocity. The Gunstensen lattice Boltzmann model for immiscible fluids is used here since it provides independent adjustment of the local surface tension, and allows the use of fluids with viscosity contrast. The proposed concept was used to investigate the dynamic shape change of the RBC while flowing through the microvasculature, and to explore the Fahraeus and the Fahraeus–Lindqvist effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.