bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Task-domain and hemisphere-asymmetry effects in cisgender and transmale individuals
Authors: Burgund E. Darcy
Published: December 2021

The present research examined the extent to which transmale individuals’ functional brain organization resembles that of their assigned sex or gender identity. Cisgender-female, cisgender-male, and transmale participants, who were assigned female sex but did not have a female gender identity, were compared in terms of effects that have been observed in cisgender individuals: task-domain effects, in which males perform better than females on spatial tasks and females perform better than males on verbal tasks; and hemisphere-asymmetry effects, in which males show larger differences between the left and right hemispheres than females. In addition, the present research measured participants’ intelligence in order to control for potential moderating effects. Participants performed spatial (mental rotation) and verbal (lexical decision) tasks presented to each hemisphere using a divided-visual field paradigm, and then completed an intelligence assessment. In the mental-rotation task, cismale and transmale participants performed better than cisfemale participants, however this group difference was explained by intelligence scores, with higher scores predicting better performance. In the lexical-decision task, cismale and transmale participants exhibited a greater left-hemisphere advantage than cisfemales, and this difference was not affected by intelligence scores. Taken together, results do not support task-domain effects when intelligence is accounted for; however, they do demonstrate a hemisphere-asymmetry effect in the verbal domain that is moderated by gender identity and not assigned sex.
Dried blood spot specimens for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing: A multi-site, multi-assay comparison
Authors: Cholette François , Mesa Christine , Harris Angela , Ellis Hannah , Cachero Karla , Lacap Philip , Galipeau Yannick , Langlois Marc-André , Gingras Anne-Claude , Yansouni Cedric P. , Papenburg Jesse , Cheng Matthew P. , Chakraborty Pranesh , Stein Derek R. , Van Caeseele Paul , Bartlett Sofia , Krajden Mel , Goldfarb David , McGeer Allison , Osiowy Carla , Hankins Catherine , Mazer Bruce , Drebot Michael , Kim John ,   on behalf of the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force (CITF) working group
Published: December 2021

The true severity of infection due to COVID-19 is under-represented because it is based on only those who are tested. Although nucleic acid amplifications tests (NAAT) are the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnostic testing, serological assays provide better population-level SARS-CoV-2 prevalence estimates. Implementing large sero-surveys present several logistical challenges within Canada due its unique geography including rural and remote communities. Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is a practical solution but comparative performance data on SARS-CoV-2 serological tests using DBS is currently lacking. Here we present test performance data from a well-characterized SARS-CoV-2 DBS panel sent to laboratories across Canada representing 10 commercial and 2 in-house developed tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Three commercial assays identified all positive and negative DBS correctly corresponding to a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI = 72.2, 100). Two in-house assays also performed equally well. In contrast, several commercial assays could not achieve a sensitivity greater than 40% or a negative predictive value greater than 60%. Our findings represent the foundation for future validation studies on DBS specimens that will play a central role in strengthening Canada’s public health policy in response to COVID-19.
Dance and Activism: A Century of Radical Dance Across the World, Dana Mills (2021)
Authors: Reñé Eva Aymamí
Published: December 2021

Review of: Dance and Activism: A Century of Radical Dance Across the World, Dana Mills (2021)

London: Bloomsbury, 216 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-35013-701-1, h/bk, £76.50

ISBN 978-1-35013-702-8, e-PDF, £61.20

ISBN 978-1-35013-703-5, e-Pub, £61.20
A Companion to British-Jewish Theatre since the 1950s, Jeanette R. Malkin, Eckart Voigts and Sarah Jane Ablett (Eds) (2021)
Authors: Mitschke Samantha
Published: December 2021

Review of: A Companion to British-Jewish Theatre since the 1950s, Jeanette R. Malkin, Eckart Voigts and Sarah Jane Ablett (Eds) (2021)

London: Bloomsbury, 272 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-35013-597-0, e-book, £76.50

ISBN 978-1-35013-596-3, h/bk, £85.00
SARCOPENIA VERSUS DYNAPENIA: FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE AND PHYSICAL DISABILITY IN CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Neves T. , Bomfim Martin Lopes M. , Crespilho Souza M.G. , Ferriolli E. , Fett C.A. , Rezende Fett W.C.
Published: December 2021

Background: The magnitude of “Sarcopenia” and “Dynapenia” as a public health problem is not well established, nor is the relationship of declines strength and muscle mass to physical disability and/or loss of mobility. Objectives: Test the hypothesis that the elderly with sarcopenia are more likely to physical disability than are those with dynapenia. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting/Participants: A total of 387 older adults (≥65 years old) from the FIBRA Study in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Measurements: Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), which includes the presence of low muscle mass, plus low muscle strength or low physical performance. Dynapenia was defined as handgrip strength <30kgf (men) and <20kgf (women). Data relating to socio-demographic, behavioral, health conditions, physical disability, the level of physical activity, body composition, hand grip strength and the Short Physical Performance Battery were collected. Results: Regarding the loss of mobility, sarcopenia was associated with age ≥75 years, female, sedentary lifestyle, stroke, arthritis, and falls (OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.07 – 8.09); with no association for physical disability in BADL and IADL. Dynapenia had no association with loss of mobility; however, for disability in BADL and IADL, it was associated with the elderly aged ≥80 years old and arthritis (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.42 – 3.88). Conclusion: Dynapenia is more sensitive to the prevention of future self-reported physical disability, in comparison to sarcopenia which can be used in clinical practice as a screening tool for the early decline in mobility.
SHORT TERM (24 HOURS) AND LONG TERM (1 YEAR) ASSESSMENTS OF RELIABILITY IN OLDER ADULTS: CAN ONE REPLACE THE OTHER?
Authors: Abe T. , Dankel S.J. , Buckner S.L. , Jessee M.B. , Mattocks K.T. , Mouser J.G. , Bell Z.W. , Loenneke J.P.
Published: December 2021

There may be some individuals who do not adapt favorably to an exercise stimulus. This is most commonly determined by assessing the error of the measurement across two separate testing sessions separated by a short period of time. It has been recommended that this error be assessed over the same time frame as the intervention. We examined the 24-h test-retest reliability (n=18, aged 42 to 64 years) of forearm muscle thickness, handgrip strength, and “muscle quality” and compared that to the reliability observed when visits are separated by 1-year (n=80, aged 60 to 79 years). The measurement errors were greater in all measured variables following test-retest separated by 1-year than the test-retest separated by 24-hours. Our findings suggest that a time-matched control group is likely important to fully capture the error of the tester as well as the error associated with random biological variability within a timed intervention.
CHOLINE, SLEEP DISTURBANCES, AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Pak V.M. , Newton S.
Published: December 2021

Existing studies identify a possible link between choline, sleep disturbance, and Alzheimer’s disease, however further exploration is needed to determine the nature of this association. As the precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, choline plays an integral role in several neuronal processes, including some responsible for memory and learning. Decreased cholinergic neuronal activity is associated with brain abnormalities consistent with Alzheimer’s disease, an aging disease that disproportionately affects the elderly, and is believed to contribute to the cognitive decline experienced by Alzheimer’s disease patients, however the mechanism for this is not well understood. In this narrative review, we explore the associations between sleep disturbances, choline and the cholinergic pathway, and Alzheimer’s disease. Current research shows that the connection between sleep disturbances, choline, and Alzheimer’s disease is worth exploring in greater depth. In this review, we demonstrate there is a need for further studies to understand the mechanism through which inadequate sleep may impair the cholinergic pathway in order to guide targeted treatments for Alzheimer’s disease.
DETERMINANTS OF FISH CONSUMPTION IN OLDER PEOPLE: A COMMUNITY-BASED COHORT STUDY
Authors: Bakre A.T. , Song Y. , Clifford A. , Chen A. , Smith T. , Wan Y. , Devlin L. , Jie Tang J. , Zhou W. , Danat I.M. , Hu Z. , Chen R.
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Habitual fish consumption and its determinants in older people have not been well investigated. We addressed these issues through a population-based cohort study. Methods: In 2001-2003 we interviewed a random sample of 3336 residents aged ≥60 years in China, documenting socioeconomic status (SES) and disease risk factors. In 2007-2009 we re-interviewed 1757 survivors, additionally surveying average self-reported intake of fish over the past two years. Results: Of 1757 participants, 1697 responded to the fish consumption questionnaire; 23.0% of whom had “never eat” fish, 43.4% “once a week”, 26.9% “more than twice a week”, and 6.7% “≥once a day”. There was an inverse association of fish consumption with older age (multivariate adjusted odds ratio 0.64 [95% CI 0.45-0.92] and 0.35 [0.24-0.52] at ages of 75-79, and ≥80 years), female gender (0.63, 0.47-0.84), smoking (0.65, 0.48-0.88), living in a rural area (0.10, 0.07-0.15), having educational level of ≤primary school (0.10, 0.05-0.19), occupation of peasant (0.08, 0.05-0.14), low income (0.11, 0.07-0.18), financial difficulties (0.25, 0.18-0.34), being never married/divorced (0.48, 0.28-0.81), having undetected hypertension (0.71, 0.55-0.91), depression (0.50, 0.29-0.84) and dementia (0.64, 0.41-0.98). However, participants with central obesity and heart disease at baseline had increased odds of fish consumption. Separate data analysis for different levels of fish consumption showed a dose-response trend for these associations. Conclusion: In older Chinese, there are large socioeconomic inequalities, and certain lifestyle, psychosocial factors and health-related conditions are strong determinants of fish consumption. Such information is important for future development or refinement of effective dietary interventions targeting older adults.
FIT & STRONG! PLUS: DESCRIPTIVE DEMOGRAPHIC AND RISK CHARACTERISTICS IN A COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS TRIAL FOR OLDER AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADULTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: Fitzgibbon M. L , Tussing-Humphreys L. , Schiffer L. , Smith-Ray R. , Demott A.D. , Martinez M. , Berbaum M.L. , Huber G.M. , Hughes S.L.
Published: December 2021

Objectives: The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) has increased in the US. We report on a comparative effectiveness trial that compares Fit & Strong!, an existing evidence-based physical activity (PA) program, to Fit & Strong! Plus, which combines the Fit & Strong! intervention with a weight management intervention. Methods: Participants included 413 overweight/obese (BMI 25-50 kg/m²) adults with lower extremity (LE) OA. The majority of the sample was African-American and female. Both interventions met 3 times weekly for 8 weeks. Primary measures included diet and weight. Results: The baseline mean BMI for all participants was 34.8 kg/m², percentage of calories from fat was high, and self-reported PA was low. Discussion: This sample of overweight/obese African-American adults had lifestyle patterns at baseline that were less than healthful, and there were differences between self-report and performance-based measures as a function of age.
GHRELIN ACTIVATION BY INGESTION OF MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES IN HEALTHY ADULTS: A PILOT TRIAL
Authors: Yoshimura Y. , Shimazu S. , Shiraishi A. , Nagano F. , Tominaga S. , Hamada T. , Kudo M. , Yamasaki Y. , Noda S. , Bise T.
Published: December 2021

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of dietary supplementation of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) and its effects on ghrelin activation in healthy adults. Methods: The present study examined two protocols with six healthy volunteers: 1) 12-hour profiles of the plasma levels of acylated and desacyl ghrelin without MCT ingestion, and 2) changes in serum ghrelin levels after oral ingestion of 45 g/day of MCTs for 1 week. Results: At baseline, serum acylated and desacyl ghrelin levels were 18.2±10.3 and 77.1±23.4 fmol/mL, respectively. The ratio of acylated/desacyl ghrelin was 19%. There were no significant differences in the 12-hour profiles of acylated and desacyl ghrelin. Significant increases were observed in all sampling times of serum acylated ghrelin after 1-week MCTs ingestion. The ratio of acylated/desacyl ghrelin increased to 37.7%. Conclusions: Oral ingestion of MCTs increased serum acylated ghrelin levels in healthy adults, suggesting that MCTs administration stimulates food intake.
Public Health Impact of Hospital-Acquired Infections on Traumatic Patients
Authors: Parchuri Ektha , Koduri Roopa
Published: December 2021

Blunt traumatic injuries leading cause of death, with TBI and hemorrhage >91% of all deaths, amounting to $37.8 billion per year. Traumatic patients are at high risk for developing infection, where infected patients are more likely to have been ventilated or have had multiple surgical procedures, exposing to ventilatorassociated pneumonia and other infections. Elevated cytokine levels post-infection affect patient mortality, making it a large public health issue. Lack of data centered around gender and ethnicity confounds the impact of this disease. Large Pittsburgh hospitals with capacity >300 report worse infection ratings than US baseline measures. Risk factors for infection including age and duration of hospital stay, directly affecting severity of traumatic injury. Infection should not be viewed as a confounder impacting mortality but rather an outcome arising from trauma.
A Coached Digital Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Reduces Anxiety and Depression in Adults With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Szigethy Eva , Tansel Aylin , Pavlick Alexa N. , Marroquin Maria A. , Serio Catherine D. , Silfee Valerie , Wallace Meredith L. , Kingsley Michael J. , Levinthal David J.
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Traditional cognitive behavioral interventions (CBIs) improve mood and gastrointestinal symptom severity in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) but face substantial barriers to implementation. Integrating behavioral health technology into medical clinic workflows could overcome these barriers. We evaluated the feasibility and impact of a coached digital CBI (dCBI) as a first-line intervention in a prospective cohort of emotionally distressed patients with FGID.

METHODS:

Patients with anxiety and/or depressive symptoms were offered a dCBI (an app called RxWell) during routine clinic visits. RxWell provides cognitive behavioral techniques enhanced by within-app text messaging with a health coach. Both gastroenterology and behavioral health-care providers electronically prescribed RxWell. We tracked patient interactions with RxWell, and patients completed anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7) and depression (Personal Health Questionniare Depression Scale) measures through the app. Our primary study outcome was the change in General Anxiety Disorder-7 and Personal Health Questionniare Depression Scale scores.

RESULTS:

Of 364 patients with FGID (mean age 43 years [SD 16 years]; 73.1% women) prescribed the dCBI, 48.4% enrolled (median use, 3 techniques [interquartile range 1–14]). About half of RxWell enrollees communicated with health coaches. The mean baseline anxiety score was 11.4 (SD 5.5), and the depression score was 11.5 (SD 6.1). RxWell users experienced improvements in anxiety (mean change 2.71 [t = 3.7, df = 58; P < 0.001]) and depression (mean change 2.9 [t = 4.2, df = 45; P < 0.001]) at 4 months.

DISCUSSION:

Patients with FGIDs and moderately severe anxiety and depressive symptoms are willing to use dCBI tools recommended by their providers. Our pilot data demonstrate that dCBI usage is associated with clinically and statistically significant mood symptom reductions.
Método intuitivo para el cálculo de excedentes hídricos: estudio caso del área central de Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Karlin Marcos Sebastián , Álvarez María Paula , Cora Amanda , Bernasconi Javier Rodolfo , Esmoriz Gustavo Francisco
Published: December 2021

El cálculo de excedentes hídricos por métodos alternativos a aquellos basados en aforos permitiría obtener rápidamente información para dimensionar riesgos hidrológicos. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en desarrollar una metodología de cálculo de excedentes hídricos a partir de datos empíricos de capacidad de infiltración. Este método permitiría detectar potenciales riesgos hidrológicos consecuencia de incendios forestales, invasión de especies forestales exóticas, influencia del pastoreo y actividades agrícolas ocurridas en el centro de Córdoba (Argentina). El estudio y desarrollo metodológico se aplicó a tres subcuencas afectadas por los diferentes disturbios descriptos. El método utilizó como insumos un modelo digital de elevación, diversos mapas de usos de suelo, curvas de infiltración, curvas de Intensidad-Duración-Frecuencia para tres tiempos de recurrencia, y datos de cobertura arbóreo-arbustiva. Los excedentes hídricos fueron obtenidos por diferencia entre las lluvias y la capacidad de infiltración (corregida por pendiente) instantáneas cada 10 minutos, y luego integrados para un período de 120 minutos. De esta forma se obtuvieron imágenes raster de excedentes hídricos para cada situación. Estos fueron corregidos con coeficientes de intercepción y cobertura arbórea. Los resultados mostraron que los incendios forestales sobre el 45% de la subcuenca afectada incrementaron los excedentes hídricos hasta 100%; en áreas invadidas por especies forestales exóticas y con pastoreo se incrementaron hasta 50%. Por otro lado, el cese de actividades agrícolas redujo hasta 80% los excedentes hídricos en clausuras de 8 años. Con estos modelos es posible simular infinitas situaciones de cambio de uso de suelo y compararlas con las condiciones originales.
Análisis geoespacial fitosanitario de la Fusariosis de las Musáceas a nivel global, con énfasis en América Pantropical
Authors: Ibarra-Zapata Enrique , Aguirre-Salado Carlos Arturo , Escoto-Rodríguez Martín , Miranda-Aragón Liliana , Loredo-Ostí Catarina , Casiano-Domínguez Marcos , Mora Aguilera Gustavo , Aguirre-Salado Alejandro Iván , Ramos-Méndez César , Villegas-Jiménez Nancy , Urías-Morales Carlos Ramón , González-Gómez Rigoberto
Published: December 2021

La comúnmente llamada Fusariosis de las musáceas es un patógeno que representa una amenaza para la seguridad alimentaria global. Es responsable de pérdidas considerables en la producción de plátano y banano en el mundo. Por casi 30 años, su presencia se restringió al Sureste asiático, sin embargo, en agosto de 2019 se detectó por vez primera en Colombia y se consideró un nuevo riesgo fitosanitario en América. Se modelaron los patrones espaciales de Fusarium oxysporum, f. sp. cubense raza 4 tropical (FocR4T) a nivel global y subcontinental (América pantropical) bajo un enfoque que integró los componentes epidémico y espacial, e incluyó la distribución potencial (patógeno/hospedante) y el potencial de daño económico por asociación espacial de nodos comerciales (origen/destino), lo cual se integró mediante la evaluación multicriterio (MCDA). A nivel territorial se caracterizaron cinco niveles de riesgo fitosanitario (muy alto, alto, medio, bajo y muy bajo). A escala global se determinó la existencia de cuatro áreas focales donde existen condiciones para la ocurrencia de la enfermedad. En la América pantropical se determinó la existencia de 26 598 km2 en riesgo fitosanitario muy alto (>0.9) ubicado por mayor extensión en Ecuador, Brasil, México, Guyana, Guatemala, Venezuela, Panamá y Colombia, aunque también existen 15.8 millones de km2 con un nivel de riesgo inferior. La cartografía obtenida representa una herramienta valiosa para fortalecer y direccionar las acciones preventivas en la dispersión de este patógeno en la región y se considera un insumo técnico/científico que fortalece el análisis de riesgo de plagas realizado por las organizaciones regionales y nacionales de protección fitosanitaria.
La noche de muertos en Janitzio (México), apuntes sobre el trabajo de campo entre la cultura local y el tanatoturismo
Authors: Romero Gallardo Sandra Irais
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo es un breve recuento sobre el trabajo de campo realizado durante la conmemoración de la noche de muertos en la isla de Janitzio, Michoacán, México. Al ser esta festividad el objeto de estudio, los trabajos de campo representaron un reto pues solo se podían realizar por un breve periodo de tiempo al año; en este sentido, la planeación tuvo que ser precisa para lograr recolectar la mayor cantidad de información tanto de la población local como de los turistas que se congregan para presenciar los rituales que se llevan a cabo.
Age Is Associated With HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Trans Women in Los Angeles County
Authors: Kisler Kimberly A. , Fletcher Jesse B. , Fehrenbacher Anne E. , Reback Cathy J.
Published: December 2021

Little is known about how HIV risk varies among trans women of different ages. From January 2010 to February 2021, 2,242 trans women were assessed via outreach encounters consisting of health education and risk reduction information, and queries of recent sexual behaviors. Generalized linear models provide adjusted rates of engagement in condomless anal intercourse (CAI), in exchange sex, and CAI with exchange partners in the past 30 days for each year from age 18 to 60. Most participants identified as Hispanic/Latina (52%) and most were HIV negative (80%). Engagement in exchange sex remained prevalent from participants’ early 20s through their mid-40s, though CAI with such partners never exceeded an average estimated prevalence of 15%. Condomless behaviors with non-exchange partners was more common, with at least 20% reporting engagement in non-exchange CAI regardless of age. The need for trans-specific sexual risk reduction interventions that take age into account is underscored.
Intimate Relationships and HIV Infection Risks Among Shan Female Sex Workers From Myanmar in Chiang Mai, Thailand: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ayuttacorn Arratee , Tangmunkongvorakul Arunrat , Jirattikorn Amporn , Kelly Matthew , Banwell Cathy , Srithanaviboonchai Kriengkrai
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate HIV risks among female sex workers (FSWs) who were from the Shan ethnic group, and how they relate to complex relationships with inconsistent condom use. The study was conducted using in-depth interviews with 17 Shan FSWs (aged 18–45 years old) in Chiang Mai. Intimate relationships between participants and regular clients/steady partners were found to facilitate inconsistent condom use. Participating Shan FSWs sustained intimacy with regular clients not only for economic ends but also for emotional support. Gender norms and male power dominated condom use decision making. Some participants lacked proper HIV preventive knowledge regarding condom breakage and HIV risks. Effective intervention and proper HIV preventive practices should address these intimate contexts. Capacity building among women would assist FSWs to make choices that protect them from HIV/STDs infections. Couples-based HIV interventions addressing emotional intimacy is an urgent need for HIV communication and service delivery in Thailand.
Electoral Continuity and Change in South Korea since Democratization
Authors: Shin Jae Hyeok , Lee Hojun , Hur Suk Jae
Published: December 2021

The literature on South Korean elections has shown that voters’ region, ideology, and generation shape their preferences at the polls. Few studies, however, have investigated the long-term effects of these variables or the difference in the effects of ideology and generation between regions. In this article, we generate theoretical expectations of Korean voters’ voting behavior, analyzing cleavage structures in the party system since democratization, and we then examine the interactive effects of region with ideology and generation across voters from Gyeongsang and Jeolla, in six presidential elections from 1992 to 2017. We find that ideology and generation have stronger effects among Gyeongsang voters than among Jeolla voters. To be specific, ideology and generation often divide Gyeongsang voters, especially when the Democratic Party nominates a presidential candidate from Gyeongsang; Jeolla voters are more homogeneous in their support for the party, regardless of their ideology and generation.
S. cerevisiae Outer and Inner Membranes are Compromised upon Benzyl Alcohol Treatment
Authors: Bengü Ergüden
Published: December 2021

Although there are innovations in the treatment of diseases caused by fungi and medicines with multiple targets have been developed, the search for a drug with a broad spectrum and without any side effects continues to date. It is generally accepted that determining the cellular target responsible for the toxic effect opens up new possibilities for the development of new drugs. Especially the effects of antifungal agents on the surface components of the fungal cell, on cell wall synthesis and the identification of the target site are crucial in antifungal drug development. Thus studies on the fungal cell membranes in connection with the antifungal agents, aim to develop new strategies for the therapy of fungal infections. Antifungal agents targeting fungal cell wall and cell membrane components have increased in importance in clinical studies. In this study, understanding the mechanism of action of benzyl alcohol, a known membrane fluidizer, and the determination of its cellular targets are aimed. We have shown that in the presence of sorbitol, the osmotic stabilizer, benzyl alcohol becomes less effective against yeast cell. Moreover, benzyl alcohol disrupts cell membrane, causing leakage of ions to the extracellular medium. Nuclear membrane is distorted upon treatment of yeast cells with benzyl alcohol. Thus, we conclude that both outer and inner yeast cell membranes are compromised by the action of benzyl alcohol.
Petrophysical models of deposits of the Menilite suite of the Oligocene flysh of the Carpathians and the Precarpathian deep
Authors: Kurovets Ihor , Hrytsyk Ihor , Prykhodko Oleksandr , Chepusenko Pavlo , Kucher Zoryana , Mykhalchuk Stepan , Melnychuk Svitlana , Lysak Yulia , Petelko Lyudmyla
Published: December 2021

Petrophysical and collecting properties of the reservoir rocks of low-porous, low-permeable deposits of the Menilite suite of the Oligocene flysh of the Carpathians and the Precarpathian deep were studied as well as their interconnections and interactions under normal conditions and in conditions that simulated the formation conditions, and their typical geological-geophysical cross-sections were constructed. Creation of identical petrophysical models of reservoir rocks was based on the system integrated approach with which the reservoir rock is considered as a system formed in the geological time and consists of interconnected and interacted elements. Petrophysical investigation of the reservoir rocks as the system includes the studies of the characteristics of their elements, the character of interconnections between them taking the conditions of their occurrence into consideration. On the basis of statistical processing and analysis of the results of laboratory studies of core material, the parametric petrophysical models of “core-core”-type were constructed: statistical dependences between porosity factor, permeability factor, water-saturation, specific weight, parameter of porosity, interval time for arriving acoustic waves and parameter of oil-saturation for atmospheric conditions and effective pressures being comparable to formational ones. Using the method of basic components of factor analysis it was possible to study the influence of geological factors upon geophysical parameters of the reservoir rocks in terrigenous sections and the informative value of geophysical methods while singling-out producing seams in the geological section. Oil- and gas-saturation of the reservoir rocks, their mineralogical composition and porosity of the reservoir rocks have the most influence on the indications of geophysical methods in the boreholes, somewhat lesser: a depth of their occurrence and the thickness of the seams. Producing and water-bearing beds differ in the value of electrical resistance most of all. The influence of lithogeodynamic factors upon the collecting and physical properties of the reservoir rocks was studied. The main geological factors that determine collecting parameters of terrigenous rocks and their physical properties are the following: a mineral composition, a shape, a size of fragmental grains and pores and their mutual position, a type of fluid-saturation, a rate of catagenetic transformations and a thermodynamic state.
Facial features of the Paleocene-Eocene deposits of advanced units of the Skyba zone of Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors: Havryshkiv Halyna , Haievska Yuliya
Published: December 2021

There three main types of facies of Paleocene-Eocene complexes: sandy, siltstone and argillite distinguished within the study area by the nature of the distribution of the strata of the forming components were highlighted. Тhey accumulated avalanche at the foot of the continental slope and formed various facial parts of the foehn (Upper, Middle and Lower foehn). In the upper part of the Foehn was accumulated coarse-grained sediments (clusters of deep boulders and other psephyto-psammitic material containing edaphogenic rocks). Under the action of geostrophic and bottom currents, silt streams of pelitic and psammitic material moved in the direction to the south and south-east of the Carpathian sedimentation basin, forming sandy-clay and clay facies (Middle and Lower foehn). During the turbidite movement of a large amount of sediment from the first (shelf) to the second (foot of the continental slope) level of avalanche sedimentation, sorting and distribution of sediments on the continental slope took place. Based on the analysis of the material composition of Paleocene-Eocene sediments of the study area by such criteria as the size of the fragment, sedimentary textures and the ratio of different rocks, 7 facies were identified, which were deposited as gravitational flows down on the continental slope. Reconstructions of Paleocene-Eocene age flysch deposits showed that terrigene material in the studied sedimentation basin came from two sources – one of which was northwest of the study area and was characterized by a predominance of coarse-grained sandy sediments, while the source wear, which was in the central part of the studied basin was characterized by a predominance of clay silt and fine-grained psammitic material. This nature of the distribution of terrigenous material had a decisive influence on the further formation of Paleocene end Eocene sedimentary strata in the process of sedimentogenesis and post-sedimentary transformations of sediments, and on the formation of reservoir rocks and rocks with potential reservoir properties for hydrocarbon exploration. It has been established that the composition of the Psamitolites of the flysch formation of the Paleocene and Eocene ages of the Carpathians was formed on the passive continental margin or in the inland and boundary seas, and their genesis mostly corresponds only to the platform source of material wear.
Historical experience and prospects of corporatization of the Dnipropetrovsk electric locomotive plant (1988–2021)
Authors:   JSK «Ukrzaliznytsia», Sustainable Development and Internal Communications Department, Ruban Mykola
Published: December 2021

The article provides a retrospective analysis of the historical experience and problems of corporatization of the Dnipropetrovsk electric locomotive plant – a leading domestic manufacturer of industrial electric vehicles and railway rolling stock. The author traces historical circumstances of development and preconditions of diversification of production activity of the enterprise on the background of market economy in Ukraine and decrease in demand for narrowly specialized products. It was found out that during the 1990s–2000s the staff of SPA «DEVZ», having a promising research and production potential, mastered a wide range of production of mainline equipment to meet the needs of railways for innovative electric vehicles. However, due to low product quality and inefficient management system, the company is currently on the verge of bankruptcy, and its outdated design and technological improvements are not able to ensure competitiveness in the global railway market. It is proved that given the strategic importance of SE «DEVZ» for the national economy as the last profile locomotive company, its corporatization can be a real alternative to privatization, providing effective capitalization, financial and technological recovery and improving the culture of production with a state guarantee of preservation of the enterprise, as well as obtaining additional funds through the placement of securities on stock exchanges, and attracting private investment and innovation from international manufacturers. Further research on the historical aspects of the development of domestic engineering enterprises and their impact on the fleet of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» should be carried out taking into account the achievements of domestic science on the problems of structural adjustment of the economy and the use of modern strategic management tools.
A Cognitive Linguistic Approach to Life Metaphor in Tetralogy Laskar Pelangi
Authors: Lapasau Merry , Setiawati Sulis
Published: December 2021

This study aims at finding the use of life metaphors in tetralogy Laskar Pelangi (hereinafter TLP). Data were analyzed in the framework of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) by using a descriptive qualitative approach. We found 21 life metaphors in TLP and the finding shows that the conceptual metaphor of life as a target domain is mapped into several diverse source domains, and they are: life is a fluid in a container, life is a journey, life is a living organism, life is a precious possession, life is dedication to others, life is a struggle,life is guidance, life is war, and life is hard work. It can be concluded that TLP is rich with the use of metaphors in describing the cultural events of the Malays in detail. The way how the Malay master the problems in their lives, how they see and understand the world, is made clear by their language, which is reflected in conceptual metaphors. The results of this research support the idea that metaphors are not just rhetorical devices to say something more stylistically but they are conceptual in nature and its existence can be different in each culture.
Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Aortic Stenosis and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Implications for Management
Authors: de Azevedo Filho Antonio FB , Accorsi Tarso AD , Ribeiro Henrique B
Published: December 2021

Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease among elderly patients. Since the pathophysiology of degenerative AS shares common pathways with atherosclerotic disease, the severity of AS in the elderly population is often concurrent to the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Although surgical aortic valve replacement has been the standard treatment for severe AS, the high operative morbidity and mortality in complex and fragile patients was the trigger to develop less invasive techniques. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been posed as the standard of care for elderly patients with severe AS with various risk profiles, which has meant that the concomitant management of CAD has become a crucial issue in such patients. Given the lack of randomised controlled trials evaluating the management of CAD in TAVI patients, most of the recommendations are based on retrospective cohort studies so that the Heart Team approach – together with an assessment of multiple parameters including symptoms and clinical characteristics, invasive and non-invasive ischaemic burden and anatomy – are crucial for the proper management of these patients. This article provides a review of current knowledge about assessment and therapeutic approaches for CAD and severe AS in patients undergoing TAVI.
The yellow-bellied sea snake, Hydrophis platurus (Squamata: Elapidae), off the Southwestern Pacific coast of Nicaragua, Central America
Authors: De-Weerdt Joëlle , Patulny Carla , Clapham Phillip
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The yellow-bellied sea snake (Hydrophis platurus, formerly Pelamis platurus) is known to occur along the Pacific coast of Central America. However, there are no marine records of this species off the coast of Nicaragua.

Objective: Report the first in situ marine observations of the yellow-bellied sea snake observed on three occasions in 2020 during cetacean surveys off the southwestern Pacific coast of Nicaragua.

Methods: During the sightings, photographs were taken which allowed the identification of the species based on morphology. Sea surface temperature, sea state, and distance to the coast are presented as descriptors of the habitat of the records.

Results: Three field observations of yellow-bellied sea snakes were recorded on separate occasions. Sightings occurred within 30 km of each other and 3.3 km from the coast. Average sea surface temperature was 26.6 °C  with low swell and sea state.

Conclusions: The present information offers new knowledge about the presence of the yellow-bellied sea snake on the Pacific coast of Central America, contributing to the biodiversity record in Nicaragua.
Comportamiento diurno de cetáceos en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Martínez-Fernández Damián
Published: December 2021

Introducción: Tres especies de cetáceos, el delfín manchado pantropical (Stenella attenuata attenuata), el delfín nariz de botella (Tursiops truncatus) y la ballena jorobada (Megaptera novaeangliae) son un componente importante de la fauna marina del Área de Conservación Guanacaste. Sin embargo, la información biológica básica sobre el comportamiento y la presencia de estas especies sigue siendo escasa.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el comportamiento diurno de los cetáceos en el sector marino de la ACG y en sus áreas adyacentes.

Métodos: Se muestreó el Pacífico norte de Costa Rica desde Bahía Salinas hasta las Islas Murciélago, incluyendo el Golfo de Santa Elena, entre mayo de 2005 y mayo de 2006. Se utilizó el método de escaneo de comportamiento para identificar el comportamiento general de los grupos.

Resultados: Se registraron encuentros para tres especies en un total de 36 avistamientos, pero solo con un tiempo considerable para dos especies, S. attenuata y M. novaeangliae. Los delfines manchados exhibieron una amplia variedad de comportamientos en la temporada de lluvias. La búsqueda de alimento (X2 = 29.42; g.l. = 1; P < 0.001) y los viajes (X2 = 38.33; g.l. = 1; P < 0.001) aumentaron significativamente en la época de lluvias. Los comportamientos predominantes para la ballena jorobada fueron la asociación madre-cría, social y de viaje; este último fue mayor en la época de lluvias (X2 = 78.16; g.l. = 1; P < 0.001).

Conclusiones: En la zona, los cetáceos presentaron comportamientos como forrajeo y madre-cría, lo que significa que el área puede clasificarse como un hábitat crítico para estas especies de cetáceos, de mayor importancia para especies altamente migratorias como las ballenas jorobadas.
Primeras páginas - Tabla de contenidos - Presentación - Dedicatoria
Authors: Aguilar Mora Sergio
Published: December 2021

El Pacífico Norte y el Pacifico Sur de Nicaragua es una región de una gran riqueza biológica, geológica, económica y social. Allí se mezcla el bosque seco con el bosque lluvioso, el mar con las islas y la naturaleza con la gente. Es una región influenciada por el afloramiento de Papagayo, la surgencia de aguas frías marinas durante la época seca, que genera una abundancia de vida en el mar.
Zaangażowanie jako warunek dobrostanu pracowników
Authors: Kinowska Hanna
Published: December 2021

Objective: The purpose of this article is to analyse the relationship between employee well-being and three aspects of engagement: vigour, dedication to work and absorption.Research Design & Methods: The research hypotheses are derived from the subject literature. Exploration of the relationships between the constructs was based on a CAWI survey conducted in January 2021 on a sample of 1,000 working Poles. The relationships were examined using Rho Spearman correlation and multiple regression analyses.Findings: Energy, pleasure, enthusiasm for work, a sense of pride and meaning in one's tasks all have a positive impact on employee well-being. For Poles, being absorbed in work and doing it with passion has no bearing on well-being.Implications / Recommendations: The survey results confirmed the existence of a relationship between employee engagement and the well-being of working Poles. Employee well-being is positively affected by vigour and dedication to one’s work. Work absorption was not found to have an effect on well‑being.Contribution: The study contributes to the knowledge base on the impact of engagement factors on employee well-being. The results suggest that employee well-being can be explained with comprehensive models.
Skuteczność zdalnego motywowania do pracy twórczej – wyniki badań eksperymentalnych
Authors: Lipka Anna
Published: December 2021

Objective: The article presents the results of experimental research on the influence of various levels of motivational synergy (the combination of external and internal motivation) on the effectiveness of motivating people to do creative work under time pressure and in remote conditions.Research Design & Methods: The study used a pre-experimental, static group scheme covering 107 people. Three hypotheses on various degrees of the motivational synergy were verified for the criteria of evaluating the products of creative work. The criteria included originality, fluidity, and ideational flexibility.Findings: The research shows that, when fully using motivational synergy, remote motivation has a bigger impact on ideational fluidity than when it does not.Implications / Recommendations: The conclusions of the research assess the impact of full and incomplete motivational synergy in remote conditions on ideational fluidity and the diversity of the effects of creative work.Contribution: The article contributes to the research on motivational synergy as it pertains to creative work, in remote conditions, using an experiment. Thus, it goes beyond the exclusive opposition of external and internal motivation for this type of work, referring to modules of experience. This is the novel contribution of the work. The results can be used to program processes for developing, appraising, and remunerating employees.
Kırgızistan’da Manevi ve Kültürel Değerler Eğitimi Olarak “Adep Sabagı”
Authors: TOPCHUBAEV Kubatali
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma Kırgızistan’da milli ve manevi değerleri gelecek nesle aktarma çabası olarak görülen Adep dersinin mahiyetini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda Adep dersinin nasıl ortaya çıktığı, hangi faktörlerin etkili olduğu, ne tür tartışmaları beraberinde getirdiği, eğitim sistemindeki yeri, amacı ve ilkelerinin ne olduğu sorularına odaklanılmıştır. Bu soruların cevabı tümevarımsal çözümlemeler çerçevesinde betimsel desenle inşa edilmiştir. Betimlemeler aracılığıyla Adep dersi hakkında fikir sağlama ve anlamları aydınlığa kavuşturma çabası güdülmüştür. Bu yönüyle çalışmamız Kırgızistan’daki manevi değerler eğitimiyle ilgili durum tespitine yönelik veri sağlaması açısından dikkat çekmektedir. Aynı zamanda manevi değerler eğitimine yönelik nitelikli kararlar alma noktasında da katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre Adep dersi toplumun manevi değerlerinde önemli rol oynayan din eğitimi ihtiyacı ile ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak yasal düzenlemeler çerçevesindeki tartışmalar sonucunda ahlak ve milli değerler eğitimine dönüşmüştür. Adep dersi deneyimi aynı zamanda örgün eğitimde din konusunun ancak kültürel ve sosyal gerçeklik olarak yer alabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu bakımdan Kırgızistan devletinin din eğitimini sadece dini kurumlara bırakmak yerine örgün eğitim ve din eğitiminin tamamlayıcılığını düşünerek hareket etmesi yararlı olacaktır.
Comparison of matrix effects on atomic emission spectrometers with nitrogen microwave induced plasma
Authors:   Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Polyakova E.V. , Pelipasov O.V. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The creation and implementation of new sources of sample excitation and spectrometers based on them into the practice of analytical laboratories raises many questions for researchers about the obtained analytical characteristics of new equipment and analysis methods. The most important characteristics of any method include detection limits, accuracy and reproducibility of the results obtained. Matrix elements can have a significant effect on these parameters. The paper shows a comparison of the change in the intensities of analytical lines of elements in the presence of matrix elements with ionization potentials of 5.13 - 10.48 eV (Na, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, In, Ga, Bi) in the concentration range of 0 - 1 wt %. on commercially available atomic emission spectrometers with microwave plasma Grand-MP ("VMK-Optoelektronika") and Agilent MP-AES 4100 (Agilent Technologies). It is shown that the magnitude of the matrix effect in these excitation sources depends on the ionization potential of the matrix element and the total energy of the analyte line. A significant effect of matrix elements with a concentration of up to 1% wt. on the intensity of spectral lines of atoms and ions of the sample. Elements with medium and high ionization energies practically do not affect the intensity of atomic spectral lines of impurity elements and lead to a decrease in the intensity of ionic lines. The influence of easily ionized elements is more pronounced - both depressing and amplifying effects are observed, probably caused by both a change in the concentration of electrons in the plasma, leading to a linear change in the equilibrium between atoms and ions, and a decrease in the plasma temperature. An increase in the power supplied to the plasma on the Grand-MP spectrometer leads to a decrease in the effect of easily ionized elements on the intensity of the spectral lines of the elements. It is shown that the plasma in the Grand-MP spectrometer has better resistance to matrix influences as compared to the Agilent MP-AES 4100, which is associated with a large plasma volume and a higher input power.