bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive multi-omics analysis identifies chromatin regulator-related signatures and TFF1 as a therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma through a 429-combination machine learning approach
Authors: Fan Jun , Chen BoGuang , Wu Hao , Liang Xiaoqing , Shen Wen , Miao Xiaye
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with its incidence continuing to rise. Chromatin remodeling, a crucial process in gene expression regulation, plays a significant role in the development and progression of malignant tumors. However, the role of chromatin regulators (CRs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains underexplored.

Methods

This study developed a chromatin regulator-related signature (CRRS) using a 429-combination machine learning approach to predict survival outcomes in LUAD patients. The CRRS model was validated across multiple independent datasets. We also investigated the impact of CRRS on the immune microenvironment, focusing on immune cell infiltration. To identify potential therapeutic targets, TFF1, a chromatin regulator, was knocked down using siRNA in LUAD cells. We assessed its impact through apoptosis analysis, proliferation assays, and in vivo tumor growth studies. Additional validation was performed using Ki67 expression and TUNEL assays.

Results

The CRRS accurately predicted survival outcomes and was shown to modulate immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. High-risk patients demonstrated increased activity in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair pathways, along with distinct mutation profiles and immune responses compared to low-risk patients. TFF1 emerged as a key therapeutic target. Knockdown of TFF1 significantly inhibited LUAD cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed in vivo tumor growth. Ki67 and TUNEL assays confirmed the role of TFF1 in regulating tumor growth and cell death.

Discussion

These findings highlight the potential of chromatin regulators in prognostic modeling and immune modulation in LUAD. TFF1 was identified as a promising therapeutic target, suggesting that targeting TFF1 could provide new treatment strategies. Further research is warranted to explore its full potential and therapeutic applicability.
Evaluation of the antibacterial potential of mango (Mangifera indica) seed kernels in Bangladesh
Authors: Sadiea Rahila Zannat , Mozumder Anandha , Mou Moslema Jahan , Hasan SM Nazmul , Sikder Chandan , Akter Sharmin , Saha Biplob Kumar , Saha Sukumar , Xue Mengzhou , Wang Huiqing , Zheng Chunfu , Hossain Md. Golzar
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat. On the other hand, Bangladesh produces high-quality mangoes, yet the mango coat and seed kernel, which contain medicinal components, remain unused. Therefore, this study investigated the antibacterial potential and toxicity of ethanol extracts from mango (Mangifera indica) seed kernels, which specifically target the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella sp. Amrapali variant mango seeds were collected, dried, ground into a fine powder, and extracted with ethanol at various ratios. The efficacy of the crude extract was tested via the disc diffusion method. The results demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. cereus), with clear zones of inhibition observed, especially in a dose-dependent manner. The pure crude extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus with a zone of 23 mm, identical to that produced by doxycycline. However, the extract exhibited limited activity against gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and Klebsiella sp.). Additionally, the extract was effective against multidrug-resistant S. aureus. The pure crude extract produced a 22.5 mm zone of inhibition against multidrug-resistant S. aureus, which was slightly smaller than that of gentamicin (23 mm) but larger than those of chloramphenicol (21 mm), vancomycin (20 mm), and tetracycline (16 mm). In vivo toxicity was assessed in mice, revealing no significant adverse effects on the hepatic structure or renal cortex at lower doses (100 μl of pure crude extract). However, higher doses caused mild histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys. These findings suggest that mango seed kernel extract holds promise as an alternative antibacterial agent, particularly against gram-positive and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, while being relatively safe at lower doses. Further research is needed to elucidate the active compounds, mechanisms of action, and broader applications of this extract in combating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
Assessment of microplastic characterization and distribution from surface water and the seabed in the Flores Sea, Indonesia
Authors: Herawati Titin , Damayanti Windi , Yuda Givanka A. , Ihsan Yudi N. , Pasaribu Buntora , Harsono Gentio , Marlina Marlina , Suseno Heny , Mustopa Rizki A. , Karya Felin S. W. , Febriani Choerunnisa , Purba Noir P.
Published: October 2024

Despite growing global concerns, there has been limited research on the characterization and distribution of microplastics in the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) pathways, such as the Flores Sea. The Flores Sea is a component of the Indian–Pacific Current, a significant ocean current system that links the Pacific and Indian oceans and has the capacity to carry pollution over large marine ecosystems, making this research extremely important. Understanding the microplastic pollution in this area informs local environmental management. It provides insights into how these currents may distribute microplastics (MPs) across regional and global scales, impacting marine life and human health far beyond the immediate area. To respond to these concerns, this research aims to determine the characterization and distribution of MPs at six research sites in the Flores Sea that are precisely located within the ITF. This work exhibits an extensive dataset focusing on the occurrence, attributes, and dispersion of microplastics in the Flores Sea. The water sampling was carried out during a Jala Citra 3 by the Indonesian Navy from April to May 2023. Sea surface water samples were collected using a Neuston net, while sediment samples were taken from three stations at the shallowest depth using the Ekman Grab sampler. Additionally, abundance, size, shape, and color analyses were conducted using a light microscope, and microplastic types were identified through Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the Flores Sea waters and sediment are polluted with microplastics, with relative abundances ranging from 0.75 ± 0.49 to 2.13 ± 0.25 items/l samples. The most dominant shapes identified were filament (77.45%) and fragment (13.40%), with sizes varying between surface water 4.70 to 3799.25 μm and seabed from 67.20 mm to 2176.87 mm, while black (30.07%) and blue (24.51%) were reported as the common MPs colors. The identified polymers include PET and PE. This study confirms visual evidence of microplastics in the open waters of eastern Indonesia. While it may not fully capture the wide range of temporal variations, it establishes initial microplastic presence and dispersion levels. Given that the ITF influences both the Pacific and Indian Oceans, this research contributes to the global understanding of microplastic distribution across ocean basins, underscoring the need for coordinated international efforts to address marine pollution.
Questionnaire surveys to investigate marine mammal fisheries bycatch: systematic review and best practice
Authors: Tubbs Sarah , Berggren Per
Published: October 2024

Bycatch is the most significant threat to marine mammals globally. There are increasing requirements for national governments to fulfil their obligations to international agreements and treaties to assess fisheries catch and bycatch of non-target species. Questionnaire surveys represent one low-cost method to collect data to estimate fisheries catch and bycatch of vulnerable species including marine mammals. Questionnaire surveys can be particularly advantageous when bycatch is being investigated on large spatial and temporal scales, or in data-poor areas. This review aims to provide the necessary guidance required to design and conduct questionnaire studies investigating marine mammal bycatch. To do so, a systematic review was conducted of the methods used in 91 peer-reviewed or grey literature questionnaire studies from 1990 to 2023 investigating marine mammal bycatch. Literature was searched, screened, and analysed following the RepOrting standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) protocols. A narrative synthesis and critical evaluation of the methods used were conducted and best practice recommendations are proposed. The recommendations include suggestions for how to generate representative samples, the steps that should be followed when designing a questionnaire instrument, how to collect reliable data, how to reduce under-reporting and interviewer bias, and how weighting or model-based bycatch estimation techniques can be used to reduce sampling bias. The review’s guidance and best practice recommendations provide much-needed resources to develop and employ questionnaire studies that produce robust bycatch estimates for marine mammal populations where they are currently missing. Recommendations can be used by scientists and decision-makers across the globe. Whilst the focus of this review is on using questionnaires to investigate marine mammal bycatch, the information and recommendations will also be useful for those investigating bycatch of any other non-target species.
Analysis of HEM applicability for a subcritical flashing ejector at low motive pressure
Authors: Gonçalves Karla , Varga Szabolcs , Butrymowicz Dariusz , Śmierciew Kamil
Published: October 2024

Validated CO2 ejector models are essential for developing high-performance refrigeration and heat pump cycles. This study focuses on assessing the Homogeneous Equilibrium Model’s applicability to simulate a CO2 flashing ejector at a reduced pressure of 0.47. The model was implemented in FLUENT, integrating a user-defined real gas model. Simulation results with different boundary condition options were compared to experimental data. The analysis was carried out to evaluate the predictive capabilities of the model and assess the experimental data quality. The results indicate that the developed model accurately estimated the motive mass flow rate, with a maximum relative error of 5.7%, showing better performance than previously reported data. The entrained flow rate, assuming double choking operation, was significantly higher than the experimental measurement, and the CFD-predicted wall static pressure underestimated the experimental profile, suggesting single-choked ejector operation. In contrast, the outflow density was better predicted under the same assumption, with an average error of 8.6%. Nevertheless, the simulated temperature profiles showed good agreement with the experimental data, especially when using the experimental entrained mass flow rate as a boundary condition.
Global research trends in endometrial receptivity from 2000 to 2024: bibliometric analysis
Authors: Liu Ziping , Zhang Zelin , Xie Ping
Published: October 2024

Background

In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on endometrial receptivity (ER), with rapidly evolving research hotspots and trends. Our study aimed to explore the development of ER research from 2000 to the present and provide insights for future endeavors.

Materials and methods

Relevant research publications on ER from 2000 to 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Excel tools were employed to conduct the bibliometric analysis.

Results

A total of 3,354 articles were analyzed, revealing an overall upward trend in annual publication numbers, signifying the increasing attractiveness and research value of this field. Globally, China led with a notable advantage of 1,030 publications, followed by the United States (650) and Spain (251), constituting the first tier of international research. Valencia University topped the list of institutions with 108 publications, closely followed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University with 87. Fertility and Sterility (IF6.6, Q1) is the one with the largest number of publications, accounting for 7.96% of the total publications. The three most co-cited journals were Fertility and Sterility, Biology of Reproduction, and Human Reproduction. A co-citation reference analysis revealed that ER research can be categorized into ten major subfields, including embryo implantation, frozen embryo transfer, integrins, recurrent implantation failure, intrauterine adhesions, etc. Since 2020, the keywords with the strongest citation bursts include repeated implantation failure and frozen.

Conclusion

This study employs bibliometric analysis to offer researchers in the field of ER a comprehensive perspective. Since 2000, there has been a remarkable surge in the number of publications in the ER research field. These studies primarily concentrate on delving into the pathophysiological mechanisms of ER, with the primary objective of enhancing clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates, benefiting more infertile patients. Currently, addressing the ER issues in patients with recurrent implantation failure represents the forefront of research. The primary treatment approaches currently in use involve optimizing embryo transfer timing and employing innovative strategies such as immunotherapy. These cutting-edge analyses not only provide new insights into the treatment of ER but also offer researchers fresh research directions, and staying abreast of the latest trends and advancements in the field.
Biases in COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness studies using cohort design
Authors: Agampodi Suneth , Tadesse Birkneh Tilahun , Sahastrabuddhe Sushant , Excler Jean-Louis , Kim Jerome Han
Published: October 2024

Observational studies on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) have provided critical real-world data, informing public health policy globally. These studies, primarily using pre-existing data sources, have been indispensable in assessing VE across diverse populations and developing sustainable vaccination strategies. Cohort design is frequently employed in VE research. The rapid implementation of vaccination campaigns during the COVID-19 pandemic introduced differential vaccination influenced by sociodemographic disparities, public policies, perceived risks, health-promoting behaviors, and health status, potentially resulting in biases such as healthy user bias, healthy vaccinee effect, frailty bias, differential depletion of susceptibility bias, and confounding by indication. The overwhelming burden on healthcare systems has escalated the risk of data inaccuracies, leading to outcome misclassifications. Additionally, the extensive array of diagnostic tests used during the pandemic has also contributed to misclassification biases. The urgency to publish quickly may have further influenced these biases or led to their oversight, affecting the validity of the findings. These biases in studies vary considerably depending on the setting, data sources, and analytical methods and are likely more pronounced in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings due to inadequate data infrastructure. Addressing and mitigating these biases is essential for accurate VE estimates, guiding public health strategies, and sustaining public trust in vaccination programs. Transparent communication about these biases and rigorous improvement in the design of future observational studies are essential.
The impact of dietary supplementation of Quercetagetin on growth, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota of diquat-challenged broilers
Authors: Yang Shuo , Huo Min , Su Zixuan , Wang Fangfang , Zhang Yongying , Zhong Cuihong , Shi Yuxiang
Published: October 2024

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of Quercetagetin (QG) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microbiota of broilers. Two hundred and forty 21-day-old WOD168 broilers with similar body weights were randomly divided into five groups of six replicates each with eight chickens. The control group was fed a basal diet composed of corn and soybean meal, while the experimental groups received basal diets supplemented with 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg QG, along with intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg body weight Diquat (DQ). The experiment lasted for 21 days. The results showed that: (1) QG significantly alleviated the decrease in average daily feed intake and average daily gain induced by Diquat, reduced the elevation of serum ACTH content, and significantly increased GH content (P < 0.05); (2) QG supplementation significantly mitigated the decrease in serum CAT activity and duodenal GSH-Px activity induced by Diquat (P < 0.05), as well as the increase in MDA content (P < 0.05); additionally, QG significantly increased the gene expression levels of GSH-Px, Nrf2, and Keap1 (P < 0.05); (3) Alpha and Beta diversity analysis revealed that QG supplementation significantly increased the cecal microbial OTUs and Chao1 index of broilers (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, compared with the Diquat group, the LQG group significantly decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes (P < 0.05) and significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota (P < 0.05). At the genus level, compared with the CON group, the Diquat group significantly decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Alistipes (P < 0.05), while QG supplementation significantly alleviated the decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Alistipes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of an appropriate amount (20 mg/kg) of QG to the diet can promote the growth of broilers, enhance antioxidant capacity, and improve intestinal health.
Case report: Primary cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with late onset multiple sclerosis treated with dimethyl fumarate
Authors: Muñoz Julia Sabin , Santiago Alberto Díaz-De , Escudero José Cebrián , Merino J. A. García
Published: October 2024

Background

Treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has shown efficacy and safety in clinical trials. However, the occurrence of infectious complications, particularly in elderly patients, remains a concern.

Methods

We present the case of a 63-year-old woman with late-onset MS treated with DMF, who developed a severe primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. DMF was discontinued, and antiviral treatment was initiated, resulting in complete resolution of symptoms.

Results

While DMF is generally considered safe in terms of opportunistic infections, this case highlights the possibility of serious infectious complications in eldery DMF-treated patients, even without documented lymphopenia.

Conclusion

Advanced age and the associated immunological changes may contribute to an inadequate immune response to MS treatments, highlighting the importance of a careful treatment choice in elderly patients with MS. Further research and specific data on the safety and efficacy of DMF in this population are required to guide clinical decision-making.
Effectiveness of Korean medicine treatments in improving cognitive function and prefrontal cortex activity in older individuals with mild cognitive impairment: retrospective observational study
Authors: Choi Yujin , Lee Kyungseok , Yang Changsop , Kwon Chan-Young , Keum Jongchul , Jang Jung-Hee
Published: October 2024

Background

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a growing concern among older adults, with limited effective pharmacological treatments available. Despite the potential of herbal medicine and acupuncture in managing MCI, there is a lack of research on their long-term effects on cognitive function and brain activity in clinical practice settings. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring the effects of a community-based program integrating herbal medicine and acupuncture on cognitive function and neural responses in older individuals with MCI.

Methods

Nineteen individuals were enrolled from a pool of 250 individuals registered in the 2021 Busan Dementia Prevention & Care Program. Participants with MCI received herbal medicine, acupuncture, and pharmacopuncture treatments over a 6-month period. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was administered at baseline and after 3 and 6 months to evaluate cognitive function. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure prefrontal cortex activity during cognitive task performance, including verbal fluency, Stroop color and word, and digit span backward tests.

Results

Seventeen participants (13 female; mean age, 69.5 years) with MCI completed the study. Following the 6-month intervention, they exhibited a significant increase in the MoCA total score over time [F(2.32) =10.59, p < 0.0001]. Additionally, the deoxygenated hemoglobin beta coefficient in the left frontopolar prefrontal cortex significantly decreased during the Stroop task after the intervention.

Conclusion

The Dementia Prevention & Care Program, which integrates herbal medicine and acupuncture, may enhance cognitive function in individuals with MCI. Moreover, the observed changes in prefrontal cortex activity after completion of the program suggest a need for further investigation of the underlying mechanisms.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis analysis of acute symptomatic seizures secondary to autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Li Mengyun , Zhang Qing , Wang Xu , Tan Bofei , Liu Qiang
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with autoimmune encephalitis (PWAE) who experienced seizures during the acute phase.

Methods

Clinical data were collected from 84 patients diagnosed with AE at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University between January 2015 and January 2023. Patients were divided into seizure and non-seizure groups. Clinical characteristics of both groups were compared, including differences between anti-NMDAR and anti-LGI1 encephalitis within the seizure group. Due to the limited sample size and to avoid overfitting, we focused on univariate logistic regression analysis to identify individual prognostic factors.

Results

A total of 84 patients were enrolled, with 76.19% (64/84) in the seizure group and 23.81% (20/84) in the non-seizure group. The seizure group had a longer hospital stay (p = 0.013), higher rates of impaired consciousness (p = 0.001), and more frequent intensive care unit (ICU) admission (p = 0.011). They also had higher peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), leukocyte count, and uric acid levels (p = 0.038, p = 0.006, p = 0.020), and were more likely to show slow-wave rhythms on electroencephalography (EEG) (p = 0.031). At 2-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in prognosis between the seizure and non-seizure groups (p = 0.653), with 35.94% (23/64) of the seizure group having a poor prognosis. Status epilepticus (SE), complications, endotracheal intubation, mRS score at discharge, APE2, and RITE2 scores increased the risk of poor prognosis (OR > 1), while intensive care and albumin reduced the risk (OR < 1).

Conclusion

Seizures are common in the early stages of AE, with faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS) characteristic of anti-LGI1 encephalitis and SE and super-refractory status epilepticus (Sup-RSE) frequently observed in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Seizure semiology across AE subtypes lacks specificity, and no symptoms clearly distinguish immune-mediated from non-immune causes. While seizures are linked to AE severity, particularly in anti-NMDAR encephalitis, they do not appear to impact overall prognosis. SE, complications, endotracheal intubation, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge, Antibody-Prevalence in Epilepsy and Encephalopathy (APE2) score, Response to Immunotherapy in Epilepsy and Encephalopathy (RITE2) score, intensive care, and albumin were identified as significant prognostic factors.
Can ischemic stroke patients with mTICI of 2b achieve similar outcomes compared to those with complete recanalization following endovascular therapy?
Authors: Xu Zunbao , Grewal Sahibjot , Mofatteh Mohammad , Dmytriw Adam A. , Zhao Dongqing , Chen Baikeng , Chen Haoyang , He Wanyi , Luo Rixin , Li Zhenzhang , Li Qiaowei
Published: October 2024

Background and purpose

Endovascular therapy (EVT) has been used as a standard treatment method for patients with large vessel ischemic stroke within 24 h of the onset. The extent of recanalization after EVT can be assessed using the modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) scale as an accepted angiographic grading system. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether patients with a mTICI grade of 2b achieve similar outcomes compared to those with complete recanalization (mTICI of 3) following EVT for acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 196 consecutive patients who underwent EVT in a comprehensive stroke center. In the final study, 176 patients were included based on the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0–2 considered as a favorable outcome, while excellent outcomes were defined as mRS scores of 0–1.

Results

Our data showed that 59.46% of patients in the mTICI 2b group achieved a favorable outcome, comparable to 58.99% observed in the mTICI 3 group (p = 0.959). Additionally, 54.05% (n = 37) of patients with mTICI 2b achieved an excellent outcome, compared to 51.80% (n = 139) in the mTICI 3 group (p = 0.807). The case fatality rates were also comparable between the groups, with 8.11% in the mTICI 2b group and 10.79% in the mTICI 3 group (p = 0.632). Overall, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of 3-month favorable outcomes, excellent outcomes, or mortality.

Conclusion

Similar 3-month outcomes can be achieved for ischemic stroke patients undergoing EVT with a mTICI grade of 2b compared to those with a mTICI grade of 3. These data can help clinicians in setting realistic expectations and making informed decisions during EVT procedures.
Factors influencing the social acceptance of brain-computer interface technology among Chinese general public: an exploratory study
Authors: Xia RuiTong , Yang Shusheng
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact of social factors on public acceptance of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology within China's general population. As BCI emerges as a pivotal advancement in artificial intelligence and a cornerstone of Industry 5.0, understanding its societal reception is crucial. Utilizing data from the Psychological and Behavioral Study of Chinese Residents (N = 1,923), this research examines the roles of learning ability, age, health, social support, and socioeconomic status in BCI acceptance, alongside considerations of gender and the level of monthly household income. Multiple regression analysis via STATA-MP18 reveals that while health, socioeconomic status, social support, and learning ability significantly positively correlate with acceptance, and age presents an inverse relationship, gender and household income do not demonstrate a significant effect. Notably, the prominence of learning ability and social support as principal factors suggests targeted avenues for increasing BCI technology adoption. These findings refine the current understanding of technology acceptance and offer actionable insights for BCI policy and practical applications.
Knowledge mapping and research trends of brain-computer interface technology in rehabilitation: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Liu Mingyue , Fang Mingzhu , Liu Mengya , Jin Shasha , Liu Bin , Wu Liang , Li Zhe
Published: October 2024

Background

Although the application of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology in rehabilitation has been extensively studied, a systematic and comprehensive bibliometric analysis of this area remains lacking. Thus, this study aims to analyze the research progress of BCI technology in rehabilitation through bibliometric methods.

Methods

The study retrieved relevant publications on BCI technology in rehabilitation from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) between January 1, 2004, and June 30, 2024. The search was conducted using thematic queries, and the document types included “original articles” and “review articles.” Bibliometric analysis and knowledge mapping were performed using the Bibliometrix package in R software and CiteSpace software.

Results

During the study period, a total of 1,431 publications on BCI technology in rehabilitation were published by 4,932 authors from 1,281 institutions across 79 countries in 386 academic journals. The volume of research literature in this field has shown a steady upward trend. The United States of America (USA) and China are the primary contributors, with Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen being the most active research institution. The journal Frontiers in Neuroscience published the most articles, while the Journal of Neural Engineering was the most cited. Niels Birbaumer not only authored the most articles but also received the highest number of citations. The main research areas include neurology, sports medicine, and ophthalmology. The diverse applications of BCI technology in stroke and spinal cord injury rehabilitation, as well as the evaluation of BCI performance, are current research hotspots. Moreover, deep learning has demonstrated significant potential in BCI technology rehabilitation applications.

Conclusion

This bibliometric study provides an overview of the research landscape and developmental trends of BCI technology in rehabilitation, offering valuable reference points for researchers in formulating future research strategies.
The anti-obesity effects of polyphenols: a comprehensive review of molecular mechanisms and signal pathways in regulating adipocytes
Authors: He Lan , Su Zhan , Wang Shuangshuang
Published: October 2024

Excess weight gain is a growing concern worldwide, fueled by increased consumption of calorie-dense foods and more sedentary lifestyles. Obesity in China is also becoming increasingly problematic, developing into a major public health concern. Obesity not only increases the risk of associated disease but also imposes a burden on health care systems, and it is thus imperative that an effective intervention approach be identified. Recent studies have demonstrated that the polyphenol-rich Mediterranean diet has considerable potential in this regard. Polyphenols can inhibit the production of adipocytes and reduce adverse reactions, such as inflammation, insulin resistance, and gut microflora imbalance. In this review, we examine four polyphenols (curcumin, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, and quercetin) in terms of their potential as interventions targeting obesity. The mechanisms that help promote adipocyte browning, increase thermogenic factors, increase thermogenesis, and regulate adipocyte differentiation are summarized, and key signaling pathways, including PPARγ, C/EBP-, and others, are reviewed.
Association of body roundness index with female infertility: 2013–2018 NHANES
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Hou Shengdi , Wang Kun , Ling Bin , Yu Huan
Published: October 2024

Aim

This study aims to understand the association between body roundness index (BRI) and female infertility prevalence. Infertility is a public health concern with significant implications for individuals’ well-being and rights.

Methods

All individuals who completed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2013 and 2018 were initially included in this cross-sectional study. Following the screening, 2,777 eligible participants were selected for analysis from the original pool of 10,375 participants. Trained operators conducted anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, and waist circumference. The BRI was then calculated based on established research. Data from infertility status questionnaires were gathered from the NHANES database for all participants, with self-reported infertility serving as the study outcome. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to investigate the relationship between BRI and infertility. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to further explore the association between BRI and infertility.

Results

Upon analyzing the baseline characteristics of all women in the study, notable distinctions were identified in the clinical and demographic features between fertile and infertile women. Our investigation revealed a positive correlation between BRI and the likelihood of infertility in both weighted and unweighted multiple logistic regression models. Additionally, BRI exhibited a significant association with infertility in both continuous and categorical forms. Utilizing RCS curves, we noted a linear escalation in the prevalence of infertility with rising BRI values. Subgroup analyses provided further clarity on these observations.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates a statistically significant positive correlation between BRI and the prevalence of infertility across diverse populations, suggesting potential implications for infertility prevention and treatment. Future prospective cohort studies will explore this association and understand the underlying mechanisms.
The causal relationship between trace element status and upper gastrointestinal ulcers: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Jianwei , Feng Gege
Published: October 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the bidirectional causal relationships between trace elements (such as zinc, magnesium, phosphate, and folate) and upper gastrointestinal ulcers (including gastric and duodenal ulcers). We utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to achieve this.

Methods

We conducted a two-sample MR analysis using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) obtained from public genomics repositories. We utilized a range of MR methods, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods, and conducted a meta-analysis to synthesize results across different datasets. To ensure the robustness of our findings, we performed extensive sensitivity analyses, including pleiotropy assessment, heterogeneity tests, and leave-one-out analysis.

Results

Our findings are significant, indicating a positive causal relationship between increased zinc levels and the risk of gastric ulcers. Moreover, magnesium and folate appear to offer potential protective effects against gastroduodenal ulcers (p < 0.05). The meta-analysis further supports the causal relationship between zinc and gastric ulcers (p < 0.05), confirming zinc’s significant causal impact on this condition.

Conclusion

The study confirms a positive causal relationship between zinc and gastric ulcers and highlights the complexity of how trace elements regulate the progression of upper gastrointestinal ulcers. These results provide a scientific basis for dietary recommendations regarding trace element intake in clinical and public health practices. They also offer new insights into effective prevention and treatment strategies for gastric and duodenal ulcers.
U-shaped association of serum vitamin A concentrations with all-cause mortality in patients with NAFLD: results from the NHANES database prospective cohort study
Authors: Li Hui , Ye Jiayuan , Dong Yitian , Kong Weiliang , Qian Guoqing , Xie Yilian
Published: October 2024

Background

Previous studies have demonstrated a significant association between serum vitamin A concentration and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. However, the long-term prognostic implications of serum vitamin A in patients with NAFLD remain underexplored. This study aims to investigate whether there exists a correlation between serum vitamin A concentrations and overall mortality among subjects diagnosed with NAFLD.

Methods

To investigate the association between serum vitamin A concentrations and NAFLD outcomes, we conducted prospective cohort studies using data from the 1999–2006 and 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We utilized a multivariate Cox regression model to explore the relationship between serum vitamin A levels and all-cause mortality. Survival curves related to serum vitamin A were constructed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Additionally, the restricted cubic splines (RCS) method was applied to examine potential nonlinear relationships between serum vitamin A concentrations and all-cause mortality of NAFLD.

Results

Over a median follow-up period of 10.3 years, a total of 1,399 all-cause deaths were recorded. The weighted average concentration of serum vitamin A was 61.48 ± 0.37 μg/dL. After adjusting for potential confounders, a significant U-shaped relationship was identified between serum vitamin A concentrations and the risk of all-cause mortality in NAFLD patients. This relationship was particularly pronounced in men and elderly individuals aged 60 to 85.

Conclusion

Our study reveals a significant non-linear relationship between serum vitamin A concentrations and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with NAFLD. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring and maintaining optimal serum vitamin A levels to potentially improve survival outcomes in NAFLD patients.
The capture of circulating tumor cells by Labyrinth system as a tool for early stage lung cancer detection
Authors: Jin Peipei , Li Hong , Xie Mingran , Tang Jie , Zou Siming , Wang Ruiting , Yu Bin , Chen Tao , Zhang Ju
Published: October 2024

Objectives

We focus on utilizing the Labyrinth system for the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with lung nodules. Our aim is to evaluate CTCs isolated through the Labyrinth system as a biomarker for early-stage lung cancer (LC) detection.

Methods

167 patients with low dose computed tomography (LDCT) diagnostic results for lung nodules and 31 healthy volunteers (HV) were enrolled. Blood samples were processed for CTC detection. LDCT positive (LDCT+) patients underwent surgery and were categorized into those with LC and those with benign lung diseases (BLD) based on their biopsy results. BLD Patients, LDCT negative (LDCT-) patients and HV served as controls. The correlation of CTC counts with LC, BLD, LDCT- and HV was investigated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the Labyrinth system’s diagnostic potential for early-stage LC.

Results

Median CTC counts for LC, BLD, LDCT- and HV were 2.7 CTC/mL, 0.6 CTC/mL, 0.4 CTC/mL, 0 CTC/mL, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated CTC counts could distinguish LC from BLD, LDCT- and HV (p-Values < 0.001). Using a cut-off of 1 CTC/mL, the study showed 84.4% sensitivity and 82.4% specificity for LDCT+ patients. Specificity increased to 85.9% for patients with lung nodules and 88.2% for all participants. In conclusion, CTCs detected by the Labyrinth system can serve as a biomarker for early-stage LC detection for patients with lung nodules.

Conclusions

CTCs identified by the Labyrinth system are a promising biomarker for early-stage LC detection in clinical practice.
Novel N-phenyl-2-(aniline) benzamide hydrochloride salt development for colon cancer therapy
Authors: Peng Yan , Peng Ying , Zhang Wei , Zhang Siyi , Peng Huiqian , Li Zhen , Li Bo , Liu Linyi , Zhuo Linsheng , Wang Zhen , Wu Junbo , Jiang Weifan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

N-phenyl-2-(aniline) analog N53 is a previously discovered dual inhibitor of Topo I and COX-2, which exhibited significant anti-colon cancer activity in vitro, but the poor solubility and moderate anti-cancer activity in vivo hindered its further development.

Methods

To rectify the suboptimal drug properties of N53, a series of salt forms were developed and further evaluated through in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Results

The hydrochloride (N53·HCl) has a well-characterized crystal structure and its solubility reached 540.1 μg/mL, which is nearly 1,700 times higher than that of N53 (0.32 μg/mL). Increasing the N53 solubility consistently promotes its effective concentration, further enhancing the COX-2/Topo I inhibitory activity and the anti-tumor activity in vitro (IC50 values of 2.95 ± 0.08 μM for HT29 cells, 7.99 ± 0.85 μM for RKO cells, 10.94 ± 1.30 μM for HCT116 cells), as well as the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity. Meanwhile, its oral pharmacokinetic property in vivo is also improved. The elimination half-life (T1/2) is prolonged from 10.78 to 22.29 h, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) is increased 2-fold, and the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC0–∞) is increased 3-fold. In colon cancer xenograft mouse models, the tumor inhibition rate of N53·HCl was 53.7%, superior to that of N53 (34.7%). Moreover, the results of HE staining showed that N53·HCl had no obvious toxic effects and side effects on other organs, indicating that it was safe in vivo.

Discussion

This study demonstrated that N53·HCl exhibits superior pharmacokinetic properties, anti-colon cancer efficacy, and safety, providing a promising drug candidate for colon cancer therapy.
Increased functional connectivity between brain regions involved in social cognition, emotion and affective-value in psychedelic states induced by N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
Authors: Soares Carla , Lima Gisela , Pais Marta Lapo , Teixeira Marta , Cabral Célia , Castelo-Branco Miguel
Published: October 2024

The modulation of social cognition is suggested as a possible mechanism contributing to the potential clinical efficacy of psychedelics in disorders involving socio-emotional and reward processing deficits. Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) can be used to detect changes in brain connectivity during psychedelic-induced states. Thus, this pharmacoimaging study investigates the effects of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) on functional connectivity in brain areas relevant to social cognition, using a within-subject design in eleven healthy experienced users. The study included both an active and a control condition, conducted at different time points. The active condition involved DMT inhalation, while the control condition did not. Seed-based connectivity was measured for the two core regions involved in theory of mind and emotional processing, respectively, the posterior supramarginal gyrus and the amygdala. DMT increased supramarginal gyrus connectivity with the precuneus, posterior cingulate gyrus, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex. Additionally, increased connectivity emerged between the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. These results demonstrate that DMT modulates brain connectivity in socio-emotional and affective-value circuits, advancing our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the psychedelic experience and its potential therapeutic action.
Riluzole attenuates acute neural injury and reactive gliosis, hippocampal-dependent cognitive impairments and spontaneous recurrent generalized seizures in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Kyllo Thomas , Allocco Dominic , Hei Laine Vande , Wulff Heike , Erickson Jeffrey D.
Published: October 2024

Background

Riluzole exhibits neuroprotective and therapeutic effects in several neurological disease models associated with excessive synaptic glutamate (Glu) release. We recently showed riluzole prevents acute excitotoxic hippocampal neural injury at 3 days in the kainic acid (KA) model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Currently, it is unknown if preventing acute neural injury and the neuroinflammatory response is sufficient to suppress epileptogenesis.

Methods

The KA rat model of TLE was used to determine if riluzole attenuates acute hippocampal neural injury and reactive gliosis. KA was administered to adult male Sprague-Dawley (250 g) rats at 5 mg/kg/hr until status epilepticus (SE) was observed, and riluzole was administered at 10 mg/kg 1 h and 4 h after SE and once per day for the next 2 days. Immunostaining was used to assess neural injury (FJC and NeuN), microglial activation (Iba1 and ED-1/CD68) and astrogliosis (GFAP and vimentin) at day 7 and day 14 after KA-induced SE. Learning and memory tests (Y-maze, Novel object recognition test, Barnes maze), behavioral hyperexcitability tests, and spontaneous generalized recurrent seizure (SRS) activity (24-hour video monitoring) were assessed at 11–15 weeks.

Results

Here we show that KA-induced hippocampal neural injury precedes the neuroimmune response and that riluzole attenuates acute neural injury, microglial activation, and astrogliosis at 7 and 14 days. We find that reducing acute hippocampal injury and the associated neuroimmune response following KA-induced SE by riluzole attenuates hippocampal-dependent cognitive impairment, behavioral hyperexcitability, and tonic/clonic generalized SRS activity after 3 months. We also show that riluzole attenuates SE-associated body weight loss during the first week after KA-induced SE.

Discussion

Riluzole acts on multiple targets that are involved to prevent excessive synaptic Glu transmission and excitotoxic neuronal injury. Attenuating KA-induced neural injury and subsequent microglia/astrocyte activation in the hippocampus and extralimbic regions with riluzole reduces TLE-associated cognitive deficits and generalized SRS and suggests that riluzole could be a potential antiepileptogenic drug.
Patient-specific prostate tumour growth simulation: a first step towards the digital twin
Authors: Pérez-Benito Ángela , García-Aznar José Manuel , Gómez-Benito María José , Pérez María Ángeles
Published: October 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major world-wide health concern. Current diagnostic methods involve Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) blood tests, biopsies, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to assess cancer aggressiveness and guide treatment decisions. MRI aligns with in silico medicine, as patient-specific image biomarkers can be obtained, contributing towards the development of digital twins for clinical practice. This work presents a novel framework to create a personalized PCa model by integrating clinical MRI data, such as the prostate and tumour geometry, the initial distribution of cells and the vasculature, so a full representation of the whole prostate is obtained. On top of the personalized model construction, our approach simulates and predicts temporal tumour growth in the prostate through the Finite Element Method, coupling the dynamics of tumour growth and the transport of oxygen, and incorporating cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition, our approach includes the simulation of the PSA dynamics, which allows to evaluate tumour growth through the PSA patient’s levels. To obtain the model parameters, a multi-objective optimization process is performed to adjust the best parameters for two patients simultaneously. This framework is validated by means of data from four patients with several MRI follow-ups. The diagnosis MRI allows the model creation and initialization, while subsequent MRI-based data provide additional information to validate computational predictions. The model predicts prostate and tumour volumes growth, along with serum PSA levels. This work represents a preliminary step towards the creation of digital twins for PCa patients, providing personalized insights into tumour growth.