bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on anti-biofilm activity of some commonly available plant leaf extracts on Pseudomonas species and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Desai Revathi , B.S. Anuradha , Pindi Pavan Kumar
Published: February 2023

Bacteria benefit from biofilm formation because it shields them from unfavorable circumstances. Compared to planktonic bacteria, it demonstrates a high level of antibiotic resistance. Additionally, this makes it challenging to manage the associated illnesses. Therefore, the creation of novel anti-biofilm agents is required. Compared to their chemically manufactured counterparts, antimicrobial compounds found in plants are the greatest source because they have few or no negative effects. Plant products are superior in their utility since there is less chance of development of medication resistance and there are less adverse effects. The present work is done to screen anti-biofilm activity of some commonly available plants viz. Tinospora cordifolia, Ocimum basilicum, Justicia adhatoda and Nyctanthes arbortristis on Pseudomonas sps. and Staphylococcus aureus. Phyto-chemical screening was performed for the obtained extracts. The method involved the administration of methanol extract of the plant leaves obtained by maceration procedure, on Pseudomonas species and Staphylococcus aureus. Pseudomonas species biofilm was inhibited by Tinospora and Nyctanthes arbortristis and Staphylococcus aureus biofilm was inhibited by all the four extracts. The studies revealed that all the plant leaves used here exhibit antibiofilm activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biofilm-inhibitory concentration (BIC) and percentage of biofilm formation inhibition were calculated, Tinospora and Nyctanthes were revealed to be the most efficient plants against both bacteria.
Action on Heritage Conservation of Wooden Structures
Authors: Zain Zairin , Irwin Irwin , Andi Uray Fery
Published: February 2023

Preserving damaged memorial buildings are vital to maintain a cultural identity to be reused and inherited by future generations. Buildings established in the past will overlook that they will be aging and weathering. Wooden construction in Malay traditional houses built more than 100 years ago faces durability issues. Environmental conditions equally make its structure unusable. In addition, its surrounding environment has changed, and the demands for new functions for improving the structure’s condition have become challenges in retrofitting the traditional roles into the current contemporary activities needs. The traditional Malay house in Kampung Bangka, Pontianak, which experienced a transfer of ownership from the original owner to the city government, altered its function from a residential house to a cultural house. Buildings having experienced weathering requires a well-planned reconstruction and re-functioning efforts from the city government. The reconstruction stages and house’s identification process of previous roles are required to accommodate new activities fit for culture and public space. Identification and analysis process carried out to resolve the damaged condition of structural elements of the building to maintain its authenticity as memorials building for the community. Identification is also required to anticipate the new function of the building by providing a new structure or reinforcement to govern the future activities during the operation period of the building. Cultural and structural analysis is carried out to improve the function of the building and the surrounding area into a cultural space that enhances its image as a public space.
Spin-Polarized Radicals with Extremely Long Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time at Room Temperature in a Metal-Organic Framework
Authors: Orihashi Kana , Yamauchi Akio , Fujiwara Saiya , Asada Mizue , Nakamura Toshikazu , Ka-Ho Hui Joseph , Kimizuka Nobuo , Tateishi Kenichiro , Uesaka Tomohiro , Yanai Nobuhiro
Published: February 2023

The generation of spin polarization is key in quantum information science and dynamical nuclear polarization. Polarized electron spins with long spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) at room temperature are important for these applications, but have been difficult to achieve. We report the realization of spin-polarized radicals with extremely long T1 at room temperature in a metal-organic framework (MOF) in which azaacene chromophores are densely integrated. Persistent radicals are generated in the MOF by charge separation after photoexcitation. Spin polarization of triplet generated by photoexcitation are successfully transferred to the persistent radicals. Pulse ESR measurements reveal that the T1 of the polarized radical in the MOF is as long as 274 s at room temperature. The achievement of extremely long spin polarization in MOFs with nanopores accessible to guest molecules will be an important cornerstone for future highly sensitive quantum sensing and efficient dynamic nuclear polarization.
An Integrated Covalent Drug Design Workflow using Site-Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation
Authors: Yu Wenbo , Weber David J. , MacKerell Alexander D.
Published: February 2023

Covalent drug design is an important component in drug discovery. Traditional drugs interact with their target in a reversible equilibrium while irreversible covalent drugs increase the drug-target interaction duration by forming a covalent bond with targeted residues, and thus may offer a more effective therapeutic approach. To facilitate the design of this class of ligands, computational methods can be used to help identify reactive nucleophilic residues, frequently cysteines, on a target protein for covalent binding, to test various warhead groups for their potential reactivity, and to predict non-covalent contributions to binding that can facilitate drug-target interactions that are important for binding specificity. To further aid covalent drug design, we extended a functional group mapping approach based on explicit solvent all-atom molecular simulations (SILCS: Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation) that intrinsically considers protein flexibility, functional group and protein desolvation along with functional group-protein interactions. Through docking of a library of representative warhead fragments using SILCS-Monte Carlo (SILCS-MC), reactive cysteines can be correctly identified for proteins being tested. Furthermore, a machine learning model was trained to quantify the effectiveness of various warhead groups for proteins using metrics from SILCS-MC as well as experimental model compound warhead reactivity data. The ability to rank covalent molecular binders with similar warheads using SILCS ligand grid free energy (LGFE) ranking was also tested for several proteins. Based on these tools, an integrated SILCS based workflow was developed, named SILCS-Covalent, that can both qualitatively and quantitatively inform covalent drug discovery.
Mg-doped SrTiO3 Photocatalyst with Ag-Co Cocatalyst for Enhanced Selective Conversion of CO2 to CO Using H2O as the Electron Donor
Authors: NAKAMOTO Takechi , IGUCHI Shoji , NANIWA Shimpei , TANAKA Tsunehiro , TERAMURA Kentaro
Published: February 2023

Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 by H2O is a promising method for solving energy and environmental problems. In this context, efficient photocatalysts that facilitate the selective conversion of CO2 to the value-added chemical CO are essential. In this study, for the first time in the literature, we used an Mg-doped SrTiO3 photocatalyst (Mg-SrTiO3) for the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to CO using H2O as the electron donor under monochromatic UV-light irradiation at 365 nm. Compared to pristine SrTiO3, Mg-SrTiO3, which is prepared via a flux method, exhibited dramatically enhanced conversion of CO2 to CO in the presence of Ag-Co cocatalyst. Moreover, the selectivity toward CO evolution was greater than 99%, indicating suppression of the unnecessary and competitive H2 evolution. Scanning electron microscopy of Mg-SrTiO3 revealed edge-shaved cubic particles, which were correlated to the anisotropic distribution of photogenerated electrons and holes and the consequent enhancement of photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the Mg-doping temperature and amount used to prepare Mg-SrTiO3 influenced the substitution of Ti4+ sites in the bulk of SrTiO3 by Mg2+, thereby affecting the CO evolution. The apparent quantum efficiency of optimal Mg-SrTiO3 in the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 was determined to be 0.05%.
Unmotivated Subjects Cannot Provide Interpretable Data and Tasks with Sensitive Learning Periods Require Appropriately Aged Subjects: A Commentary on Koops et al. (2022) “Field experiments find no evidence that chimpanzee nut cracking can be independently innovated”
Authors: Tennie Claudio , Call Josep
Published: February 2023

In a recent paper in Nature Human Behaviour, Koops et al. (2022) argued that unlike most other chimpanzee “know-how”, nut-cracking falls outside the zone of latent solutions (ZLS). Their conclusion is based on an experiment in which the authors placed nuts and hammers in an area frequented by a wild population of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) naïve to nut-cracking. Although some of these chimpanzees came into proximity with the provisioned materials, they did not develop nut-cracking. Koops et al. concluded that chimpanzee nut- cracking know-how requires a model to copy – and does not represent a latent solution. We applaud Koops et al.’s efforts to test for the mechanisms that drive nut-cracking in wild chimpanzees, but we argue that their results are inconclusive because the chimpanzees lacked the required test motivation – there was no willingness to eat the nuts, even when their kernels were already exposed. Additionally, most individuals fell outside the age range most likely to foster nut-cracking innovation. For these reasons, Koops et al.’s study outcome is uninterpretable. The question whether nut-cracking is or is not a latent solution in chimpanzees therefore awaits further empirical testing on motivated subjects within adequate age ranges.
Datos mexicanos de COVID-19 en sus etapas iniciales ¿estratégicamente distorsionados?
Authors: Arteaga García Julio Cesar , Luna Domínguez Edgar Mauricio
Published: February 2023

Objetivos: Identificar entidades que realizan más cambios en mediciones del COVID-19 en México y los cofactores que contribuyen a explicar las magnitudes de estas distorsiones.

Metodología: Para identificar las entidades que más distorsionan la información, se utilizan análisis de clúster jerárquico y pruebas de cointegración. Análisis de regresión relaciona la magnitud de las distorsiones con información de competitividad estatal.

Resultados: Al menos seis entidades federativas sub-registran muertes, contagios o ambos. Asimismo, se encuentra que las entidades distorsionan información de contagios para no incidir negativamente en determinados sectores económicos.

Limitaciones/implicaciones: El número de observaciones está limitado a la cantidad de entidades federativas y los cofactores son invariantes en el tiempo. Por otra parte, la magnitud real de las distorsiones en mediciones del COVID-19 podría ser mayor ya que se ha reconocido el sub-registro en la información de la Secretaría de Salud.

Originalidad/valor: Es el primer trabajo que analiza las distorsiones en las mediciones del COVID-19 en nuestro país.

Conclusiones: Se muestra evidencia de posibles acciones estratégicas realizadas por las entidades con respecto al flujo de información del COVID-19.
Modelling dyads of emotions via sentiment analysis
Authors: Rodríguez Esparza Luz Judith , Salazar Ibarra Jesús
Published: February 2023

This article presents a new methodology to quantify the probability and magnitude of combinations of emotions -called dyads- through a sentiment analysis which provides prior probabilities of the basic emotions, needed to show the presence of dyads in profiles of people. We classify these features -probability and magnitude- of the dyads into six groups (max, highest, high, medium, low, lowest) in order to identify dyads that have more impact in what we call in this work: positive, negative, neutral, and combined profiles. Positive profiles present mainly Love, while negative profiles present Contempt and Regret. In general, the magnitude of the primary dyads is greater than their probability, not so with the secondary and tertiary dyads where their probability is greater than their magnitude.
LANGUAGE AND BASIC EDUCATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: John Bowden Frederick
Published: February 2023

Indonesia is a country with a great richness of local languages spoken within its boundaries â€“ over 700 distinct languages according to Lewis, ed. (2009). Indonesia is also a rapidly developing country with growing incomes and growing educational achievement. Unfortunately, this growth in income and education is unevenly distributed across the country and significant portions of the Indonesian population are missing out on the benefits of increased economic growth and development. To a very large extent, the parts of Indonesia lagging in terms of development are the regions with the richest diversity of languages. In this paper, I argue the case for greater use of local languages in early education in the underdeveloped east of the country, not just as a means of defending local culture but also as a means towards more equitable educational achievement and economic development. I also examine some of the political issues that may be relevant in pursuing greater use of minority languages in classrooms.
TIGA TATARAN ERGATIVITAS DALAM BAHASA TAEâ€™
Authors: Ali Ibrahim Gufran
Published: February 2023

There are four basic clause types in Taeâ€™, namely (1) intransitive ma-V and zero intransitive (ZI) clauses; (2) passive di- (di- PASS) clauses; (3) inherently transitive maâ€™- V, maN-V, mi-V, and nasal transitive (NT) clauses; and (4) zero transitive (ZT) clauses. Types (1), (2) and (3) are called absolutive constructions, while type (4) is an ergative construction. The Taeâ€™ basic constituent order is VS/VAO. In the four basic clause types Taeâ€™ shows a morphological ergative system. Within this system Taeâ€™ uses the same set of absolutive person markers on verbs with S intransitive and O transitive, while a distinct set of ergative person markers is applied to verbs with A transitive. The pattern of introducing and maintaining participants in Taeâ€™ discourse also reflects an ergative system. Participants in discourse tend to be introduced and maintained in S or O function. Participants are maintained in A function when a participant is made the topic. Discourse that introduces and maintains participants in this way is called ergative.
VARIABEL SOSIAL SEBAGAI PENENTU PENGGUNAAN MAKIAN DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Fasya Mahmud , Suhendar Euis Nicky Marnianti
Published: February 2023

This study was driven by the phenomenon of the use of swear words that has increasingly been practiced in Indonesian. It was aimed to describe the influence of social classes, gender, and the age of the speakers on the use of swear words. The findings revealed that the sociolinguistic variables, which include (1) social classes, consisting of educational level and type of work, (2) sex, and (3) age of the speakers, profoundly influenced the use of swear words in Indonesian, both in the use of linguistic forms and their references. Thus, the use of swear words in Indonesian can indicate the characteristics and background of the speakers.
Resensi Buku
Authors: Kadarisman A. Effendi
Published: February 2023

Judul : The Philosophy of Generative LinguisticsPenulis : Peter LudlowPenerbit : Oxford University Press, 2011Tebal : xxiiii, 220 halaman
FORENSIC LINGUISTICS: FORMS AND PROCESSES
Authors: Heydon Georgina
Published: February 2023

Following a brief introduction to the notion of forensic science and analysis, this paper will explain the different ways in which linguistics has contributed to police investigations and civil law.Â  The paper will cover linguistic identification using spoken data and written data, and will discuss the use of discourse analysis as well as the more traditional phonetic and syntactic analysis for forensic examinations.Â  Other applications that will be discussed include analysis for language of origin in refugee status claims, commercial applications and trademark disputes, and lie detection. Each of these applications will be considered critically and in relation to both the validity of the theories underlying them, and the statistical reliability of the analysis used to attain results.
THE ROLE OF CULTURE IN THE TRANSLATION PROCESS THROUGH THINK-ALOUD PROTOCOLS
Authors: Rini Julia Eka
Published: February 2023

Cultural differences have been a major focus in translation. This study investigates twoÂ aspects; first, the translation process of culture-bound words and second, the strategies taken by two translators. These translators are English Department students and they have different cultural backgrounds, Moslem Javanese and Buddhist Chinese. Each of them has to translate the same four texts: one text whose cultural background both of them are familiar with, another text whose cultural background both of them are not familiar with and two other texts. Out of the two texts, only one text has a familiar cultural background to one of the translators. The method used to investigate what was happening in the translatorsâ€™ mind is think-aloud protocols. Two points can be concluded from this study. One, translatorsâ€™ cultures do play a role in their consideration of choosing the words they use. Two, translators generally use the strategy of cultural substitution if the culture is nearly the same, but they use the strategy of using a neutral word or paraphrasing by related words when the culture is different.
INTRODUCTION IN INDONESIAN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH ARTICLES: HOW INDONESIAN WRITERS JUSTIFY THEIR RESEARCH PROJECTS
Authors: Arsyad Safnil
Published: February 2023

The introductory part of a research article (RA) is very important because in this sectionÂ writers must argue about the importance of their research topic and project so that they can attract their readersâ€™ attention to read the whole article. This study analyzes RA introductions written by Indonesian writers in social sciences and humanities journals. It focuses on how they justify their research topics and research projects. A corpus of 200 research articles written in Indonesian by Indonesian writers and published in Indonesian research journals was analyzed in this study. Following the problem justifying project (PJP) model suggested by Arsyad (2001), the analyses were conducted by using the genre-based analysis of text communicative purpose of â€˜moveâ€™ and â€˜stepâ€™. The result of this study indicates that Indonesian writers justify their research project by introducing the actual research topic, identifying the research problem, and reviewing the current knowledge and practices.
Resensi Buku
Authors: Siregar Bahren Umar
Published: February 2023

Judul : Frames and Constructions in Metaphoric Language ISBN : 978 90 272 0436 3 (Hb; alk. paper), 978 90 272 7240 9 (Eb) Penulis : Karen SullivanPenerbit : John Benjamins B.V. (2013)Tebal : 192 halaman
DIRECT REPORTED SPEECH IN SPOKEN INDONESIAN: VERBAL MARKERS AND DISCOURSE PRACTICES
Authors: Wijaya Juliana
Published: February 2023

The analysis of first, second and third-person reported speech in this paper reveal different uses of verbal markers and discourse practices surrounding direct reported speech in spoken Indonesian. The reporting verb and noun phrases bilang â€˜to say,â€™ ngomong â€˜to talk,â€™ and katanya â€˜his/her wordâ€™ are the most frequently used. The moodinvoking reporting verbal markers are not frequently used in conversational Indonesian. Speech-signalling reporting verbs embody illocutionary forces and presuppose the performative modality of the projected reported speech. Furthermore, speakers of reported speech use different strategies to introduce or mark quoted speakers. Some of them are not specifically marked yet their existence can be interpreted by taking the underlying operations of the turn taking system into account.
NASAL ASSIMILATION AND SUBSTITUTION IN STANDARD INDONESIAN: EVIDENCE FROM LOANWORDS PRODUCTION TASK
Authors: Kurniawan Ferdinan Okki
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates nasal assimilation and substitution in Standard Indonesian (SI). In SI, the verbal prefix /mÉ™N-/ alternates in its shape at the prefix-root boundary when it is combined with root-initial obstruents. This study examines loanword roots borrowed from Arabic, Portuguese, Dutch and English. Using a speech production task, this investigation finds patterns of variation which are conditioned by inter- and intra-speaker differences, and place of articulation. This study proposes to model the patterns of variation in Noisy Harmonic Grammar (NHG; Coetzee and Kawahara 2013, Coetzee and Pater 2011).
ORAL NARRATIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE PROFICIENCY IN BILINGUAL CHILDREN: A CASE STUDY OF JAVANESE-INDONESIAN CHILDREN
Authors: Sukamto Katharina Endriati , Purwo Bambang Kaswanti
Published: February 2023

This qualitative preliminary study focuses on the linguistic proficiency of Javanese-Indonesian bilingual elementary school children in a village in Gunung Kidul, 65 km south of Yogyakarta in the island of Java, Indonesia, in producing oral narrative and descriptive stories in Javanese and Indonesian. Two kinds of instruments were used to elicit data in this study: a six-minute silent movie and a picture about some activities to commemorate the Indonesian Independence Day. The elicited data from the movie instrument shows that both the lower-grade and higher-grade students were more at ease with Javanese than with Indonesian. From the picture-triggered speech, the result is that the higher-grade students superseded the lower-grade students in their fluency in Indonesian as well as in their ability to construct longer utterances in the language. This study demonstrates that the childrenâ€™s proficiency in Javanese â€“ their first language â€“ remains at the basic level and it does not develop even though the children are in the higher grade. However, all children are more comfortable with Javanese when they have to do retelling. When the children were given a task that is related to academic requirements, such as describing something that is based on a picture, the higher-grade children perform better in Indonesian rather than in Javanese.
Resensi Buku
Authors: Suhardijanto Totok
Published: February 2023

Judul : Corpus Linguistics for Grammar: A Guide for ResearchISBN : 9780415746410 (pb)Penulis : Christian Jones dan Daniel Waller (Routledge Corpus Linguistics Guides)Tebal : xvi, 204 halamanPenerbit : New York: Routledge, 2015
Resensi Buku
Authors: Nasanius Yassir
Published: February 2023

Judul : Code Switching as a Communication Strategy ISBN : 978-602-73678-7-6Penulis : Abdul Hakim YassiPenerbit: Trust Media Publishing (2016)Tebal : 283 halaman
JAVANESE POLITENESS PRINCIPLES IN TILIK SHORT MOVIE
Authors: Ulrikayanti Gabey Faustena
Published: February 2023

Tilik short movie takes place in Special Region of Yogyakarta and becomes viral due to its closeness to the reality. Due to the naturalness, it is interesting to investigate how politeness as social strategy applied in the dialogue. The study tries to analyze politeness of Javanese language in Tilik movie by answering the research question: what are the linguistic politeness strategies and the illocutionary functions employed by the characters in the short movie when expressing speech acts? To answer the research question, this study employs conversation analysis and applies Leech’s (2014) politeness principle (PP) and Poedjosoedarmo’s (2017) javanese politeness principle (JPP) to analyze the dialogue. The analysis shows PP and JPP are inline and supportive to each other in the dialogue to reach certain social goals.Film pendek Tilik mengambil latar belakang tempat provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan menjadi viral karena kedekatan antara cerita dengan kehidupan masyarakat. Karena kealamian dialog, kajian nilai tata krama kesopanan sebagai bentuk strategi sosial menjadi menarik untuk dipelajari. Studi ini mencoba untuk mengkaji prinsi kesopanan dengan menjawab pertanyaan: apa saja prinsip kesopanan dan tindak ilokusi yang diterapkan para tokoh di film pendek Tilik ketika melakukan tindak tutur? Untuk menjawab rumusan masalah tersebut, studi ini menggunakan metode analisis percakapan dan teori prinsip kesopanan dari Leech dan prinsip kesopanan Jawa dari Poedjosoedarmo. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa prinsip kesopanan dari Leech selaras dengan Prinsip Kesopanan Jawa dari Poedjosoedarmo. Strategi kesopanan diaplikasikan dalam dialog oleh penutur sebagai suatu strategi untuk memenuhi tujuan sosial tertentu.
RELASI MAKNA DALAM ANTOLOGI PUISI MASIH INGATKAH KAU JALAN PULANG KARYA SAPARDI DJOKO DAMONO DAN RINTIK SEDU: ANALISIS SEMANTIK
Authors: Yudmianti Siti Vitandari , Irma Cintya Nurika , Permadi Deni
Published: February 2023

This study aims to describe the relationship of meaning based on semantic analysis contained in the poetry anthology Masih Ingatkah Kau Jalan Pulang by Sapardi Djoko Damono and Rintik Sedu. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The data in this study are words and/or phrases in an array or verse of poetry that indicate the existence of a relationship of meaning. The data collection technique used is to read, record, and find words and/or phrases in arrays and stanzas that contain meaning relationships. Then, analyze the data and describe it. The test of the validity of the data in this study includes a credibility test by triangulation of sources. The results showed that there was a relationship of meaning in the form of (a) synonymy which includes the word crumbs with crumbs, the word medicine with an antidote; (b) antonymy which includes the word North with South, the word heaven with hell, etc.; (c) homographs that include the word tofu; (d) hyponymy which includes the phrase of a word with a script-by-script meeting; (e) hypernymy which includes the word flower with the phrase red and purple yellow flowers; (f) polysemy which includes the word head; (g) redundancy which includes the word must be with yes must; (h) meronimi which includes the word flower with petals; (i) associative meanings that include the words space, universe, savanna, etc.; and (j) affective meanings that include the words honest and extravagance.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan relasi makna berdasarkan analisis semantik yang terdapat dalam antologi puisi Masih Ingatkah Kau Jalan Pulang karya Sapardi Djoko Damono dan Rintik Sedu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini ialah kata dan/atau frasa dalam larik atau bait puisi yang menunjukkan adanya relasi makna. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah  membaca, mencatat, dan menemukan kata dan/atau frasa dalam larik maupun bait yang mengandung relasi makna. Kemudian, menganalisis data dan mendeskripsikannya. Uji keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini meliputi uji kredibilitas dengan cara triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat relasi makna berupa (a) sinonimi yang meliputi kata reruntukan dengan remah-remah, kata obat dengan penawar; (b) antonimi yang meliputi kata Utara dengan Selatan, kata sorga dengan neraka, dan lain-lain; (c) homograf yang meliputi kata tahu; (d) hiponimi yang meliputi frasa secarik kata dengan rapat aksara demi aksara; (e) hipernimi yang meliputi kata bunga dengan frasa bunga kuning merah dan ungu; (f) polisemi yang meliputi kata kepala; (g) redundansi yang meliputi kata harus dengan ya harus; (h) meronimi yang meliputi kata bunga dengan kelopak; (i) makna asosiatif yang meliputi kata angkasa, semesta, sabana, dll.; dan (j) makna afektif yang meliputi kata jujur dan pemborosan.
VARIASI LEKSIKAL BAHASA MINANGKABAU DI KANAGARIAN KUBANG PUTIAH, KABUPATEN AGAM: KAJIAN SOSIODIALEKTOLOGI
Authors: Heni Adnania Nugra , Suryadi Muhammad
Published: February 2023

Minangkabau language is one of local languages in Indonesia. In Minangkabau language, there are some dialects, one of them is Agam dialect. This research aims to find out the lexical variations in Minangkabau language, specifically in Kubang Putiah, Agam regency. This research is descriptive qualitative research using sociodialectology approach. The data in this research are words which contain lexical variations found during the research. The sources of data in this research are 12 informants from 3 different regions in Agam regency, which are; Lukok village, Kampuang nan Limo village, and Lurah village. The data were collected by using fieldwork method with simak libat cakap techniques. After that, the data were analyzed by using identity method with equalizing comparison technique (HBS) and differential comparison techniques (HBB). The result showed that old and young informants with educational backgrounds tend to use lexicons that is influenced by Indonesian language due to frequent contact with Indonesian language. Meanwhile, informants with non-educational background still use the original form of lexicons in Minangkabau language. In addition, these variations are also influenced by the environment, both in the educational environment and in the residential environment.Bahasa Minangkabau merupakan salah satu bahasa daerah yang ada di Indonesia. Dalam Bahasa Minangkabau terdapat berbagai macam dialek, salah satunya dialek Agam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi leksikal Bahasa Minangkabau yang terdapat dalam dialek Agam, khususnya di kanagarian Kubang Putiah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosiodialektologi. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah kata yang mengandung variasi leksikal yang ditemukan dalam penelitian. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah 12 informan yang berasal dari 3 daerah di kabupaten Agam, yaitu; Jorong Lukok, Jorong Kampuang nan Limo, dan Jorong Lurah. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode pupuan lapangan dengan teknik simak, libat, dan cakap. Setelah itu, data dianalisis menggunakan metode padan dengan teknik hubung banding menyamakan (HBS) dan teknik hubung banding membedakan (HBB). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa informan tua dan muda yang berlatar belakang pendidikan cenderung menggunakan kosa kata yang terpengaruh oleh bahasa Indonesia akibat seringnya terjadi kontak dengan bahasa Indonesia, sementara untuk informan dengan latar belakang nonpendidikan cenderung masih menggunakan kosa kata asli bahasa Minangkabau. Selain itu, perbedaan variasi ini juga dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan, baik lingkungan pendidikan maupun lingkungan tempat tinggal.
PEMBERIAN ADOK MASYARAKAT KOMERING DI OKU TIMUR (KAJIAN TRADISI LISAN)
Authors: Wardarita Ratu , Wahidy Achmad , Fitriani Yessi
Published: February 2023

This study describes meaning, function, cultural, religious and social values in the giving of adok in Komering community in East Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) Regency, South Sumatra which is considered as a real manifestation of local wisdom. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method in which data collection techniques of observation, interviews, recording, note taking, and translation are integrated. The results of the study describe that giving adok contains elements of pisaan, adok, and warahan which has the meaning of prayer, hopes and ideals of greatness and glory must be carried out by the Adok holder. In addition, the elements of Pisaan, Adok and Warahan in giving Adok can also be utilized as controls in behaving in social status, and also as moral value and transmitter from the ancestors to their generators in order to be maintained and preserved. Cultural values in the adok tradition include cultural values in human relations with God in the form of faith and obedience to the Creator; cultural values in human relations with other humans such as: kind, not forgetting parents; cultural values in human relations with oneself, such as: be patient and always grateful, and not sitting idle; Cultural values in human relations with nature are like betel leaf and thick leaves for medicine. Religious and social values in the adok process describe the behavior of human life which must reflect deep holistic and aesthetics and be implemented in every aspect of life of the Adok holder.Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan makna, fungsi, nilai budaya, nilai agama dan nilai sosial adok pada masyarakat Komering di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) Timur, Sumatera Selatan sebagai wujud nyata kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, perekaman, pencatatan, dan penerjemahan. Hasil penelitian mendeskripsikan bahwa pemberian adok mengandung unsur pisaan, adok, dan warahan yang memiliki makna doa, harapan, cita-cita, kebesaran, dan kemuliaan yang harus dilaksanakan oleh pemegang adok (gelar). Selain itu, unsur pisaan, adok dan warahan dalam pemberian adok berfungsi juga sebagai kontrol dalam bertindak dan penanda kedudukan sosial dalam masyarakat serta penyampai pesan moral para leluhur kepada penerusnya agar dapat terus dijaga dan dilestarikan. Nilai budaya pada tradisi adok meliputi nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan berupa keimanan dan ketaatan kepada sang Pencipta; nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan manusia lain, misalnya baik hati, tidak melupakan orang tua; nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan diri sendiri, misalnya sabar, selalu syukur, serta tidak berpangku tangan; nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan alam, misalnya daun sirih dan daun lebat untuk obat. Nilai agama dan nilai sosial dalam proses adok mendeksripsikan perilaku kehidupan manusia yang harus mencerminkan etika dan estika secara mendalam dan dapat diimplementasikan dalam setiap sendi kehidupan pemegang adok.
NATURE IN INDONESIAN TOURISM: A MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Authors: Isti'anah Arina , Puri Anindita Dewangga
Published: February 2023

In tourism promotion, nature has been considered a key factor in persuading tourists to visit. Nature has been studied by many researchers using linguistic analysis,  such as metaphor and rhetorical devices, to attach it to beauty and paradise. However, tourism promotion in social media now also requires multimodal modes to communicate with readers. The choice of shot strategies, frame size, and eye level in the visual source are powerful features to position readers in virtual communication. Therefore, this paper addresses multimodal strategies to present Indonesian nature in the tourism website from its interpersonal strategies. Theories of multimodality by Kress and Leeuwen are applied to discuss five samples of the multimodal resources of Medan, Raja Ampat, Lombok, Bintan, and Banyuwangi. The analysis found that the visual strategies identified from the gaze, shot distance, and eye level constitute an offer, while the textual strategies function as informative and descriptive. This paper confirms previous research that Indonesian tourism website is loaded with descriptive modes where persuasion is indirectly addressed.Dalam promosi pariwisata, alam telah dianggap sebagai factor kunci dalam membujuk turis untuk mengunjungi tempat wisata. Alam telah dikaji oleh peneliti dengan analisis linguistik, beberapa di antaranya seperti metafora dan Pirani retorika untuk melekatkan alam dengan keindahan dan surga. Namun demikian, promosi pariwisata dalam media sosial saat ini juga memerlukan mode multimodal untuk berkomunikasi dengan pembaca. Pilihan strategi pengambilan gambar, ukuran bingkai, dan tingkat mata dalam sumber visual merupakan fitur yang kuat untuk memposisikan pembaca dalam komunikasi virtual. Oleh sebab itu, artikel ini membahas strategi multimodal untuk menyajikan alam Indonesia pada situs web pariwisata dari strategi interpersonalnya. Teori multimodalitas dari Kress dan Leeuwen diaplikasikan  untuk membahas lima sampel dair sumber multimodal teks Medan, Raja Ampat, Lombok, Bintan, dan Banyuwangi. Analisis menemukan bahwa strategi visual yang diidentifikasi melalui tatapan, jarak pengambilan, dan tingkat mata bertujuan untuk menawarkan, sedangkan strategi tekstual mengemban fungsi informatif dan deskriptif. Artikel ini menegaskan penelitian sebelumnya bahwa situs web pariwisata Indonesia memuat mode deskriptif yang memuat fungsi persuasive tak langsung.
CERPEN “ISTANA TEMBOK BOLONG” KARYA SENO GUMIRA AJIDARMA: TINJAUAN POSMODERNISME
Authors: Windayanto Riqko Nur Ardi
Published: February 2023

This study aims to reveal historical facts, irony, and parody, the opposition between the center and the periphery, and contextualization of the short story "Istana Tembok Bolong" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma with the postmodernism theory of Linda Hutcheon. Methodologically, this research consists of data collection and data analysis. Data are collected by listening and noting the lingual units of short stories and literature studies. Data are analyzed by linking textual and contextual coherently. The results show that this short story uses two social historical facts about prostitution in Yogyakarta in 1970, namely ciblek, which is combined with Bong Suwung's prostitution. This amalgamation makes historical facts ironic and parody, not nostalgic. This is done to show the opposition between Mbak Tum (PSK) as the periphery and the community as the center. Mbak Tum is voiced, while society is deconstructed. Contextually, it is related to space hierarchy, resistance to street sex workers, and criticism of the state. For future researchers, it is recommended to explore the role and implications of social historical facts in this short story, considering that Seno often uses historical facts in his other short stories.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan fakta sejarah, ironi, dan parodi, oposisi antara pusat dan pinggiran, serta kontekstualisasi cerpen “Istana Tembok Bolong” karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma dengan teori posmodernisme Linda Hutcheon. Secara metodologis, penelitian ini terdiri atas pengumpulan data dan analisis data. Data dikumpulkan dengan menyimak-mencatat satuan-satuan lingual dari cerpen dan studi pustaka. Data dianalisis dengan mengaitkan antara yang tekstual dan yang kontekstual secara koheren. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cerpen ini menggunakan dua fakta sejarah sosial mengenai prostitusi di Yogyakarta pada 1970, yaitu Ciblek, yang digabungkan dengan prostitusi Bong Suwung. Penggabungan itu menjadikan fakta sejarah bersifat ironis dan parodis, bukan nostalgis. Hal itu di-lakukan untuk menunjukkan oposisi antara Mbak Tum (PSK) sebagai pinggiran dan masyarakat sebagai pusat. Mbak Tum disuarakan, sedangkan masyarakat didekonstruksi. Secara kontekstual, hal itu berkaitan dengan hierarki ruang, resistansi PSK jalanan, dan kritik terhadap negara. Bagi peneliti berikutnya, disarankan untuk mengeksplorasi peran dan implikasi fakta sejarah sosial dalam cerpen ini mengingat Seno kerap menggunakan fakta-fakta sejarah dalam cerpen-cerpennya yang lain.
Regulatory de novo mutations underlying intellectual disability
Authors: De Vas Matias G , Boulet Fanny , Joshi Shweta S , Garstang Myles G , Khan Tahir N , Atla Goutham , Parry David , Moore David , Cebola Inês , Zhang Shuchen , Cui Wei , Lampe Anne K , Lam Wayne W ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Ferrer Jorge , Pradeepa Madapura M , Atanur Santosh S
Published: February 2023

The genetic aetiology of a major fraction of patients with intellectual disability (ID) remains unknown. De novo mutations (DNMs) in protein-coding genes explain up to 40% of cases, but the potential role of regulatory DNMs is still poorly understood. We sequenced 63 whole genomes from 21 ID probands and their unaffected parents. In addition, we analysed 30 previously sequenced genomes from exome-negative ID probands. We found that regulatory DNMs were selectively enriched in fetal brain-specific enhancers as compared with adult brain enhancers. DNM-containing enhancers were associated with genes that show preferential expression in the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, we identified recurrently mutated enhancer clusters that regulate genes involved in nervous system development (CSMD1,OLFM1, andPOU3F3). Most of the DNMs from ID probands showed allele-specific enhancer activity when tested using luciferase assay. Using CRISPR-mediated mutation and editing of epigenomic marks, we show that DNMs at regulatory elements affect the expression of putative target genes. Our results, therefore, provide new evidence to indicate that DNMs in fetal brain-specific enhancers play an essential role in the aetiology of ID.
Lipote fruit anthocyanin-rich extracts as food colourants: extraction optimization and stability of natural and copigmented anthocyanins
Authors: Rodriguez R.G. , Sagum R.S. , Trinidad T.P.
Published: February 2023

Natural pigments such as anthocyanins are currently being explored for food colouring
applications due to safety issues associated with synthetic colourants. Lipote (Syzygium
polycephaloides), an underutilized fruit in the Philippines, is found to contain high
amounts of this natural pigment. Thus, this study aimed to optimize parameters for
maximum anthocyanin extraction from these fruits by mixture design and response
surface methodology followed by the evaluation of the extracts’ stability using model
beverage systems. Results revealed that the optimum solvent for maximum anthocyanin
recovery was 55% acidified ethanol while optimum extraction temperature and time were
45.8°C and 92 mins, respectively. Stability tests showed that the lipote fruit extract, in its
natural form, was most stable in the dark, at low pH (pH 3.0) and low storage conditions
(4°C) with an extrapolated half-life (t1/2) of 169.06 days. Anthocyanin stability was further
enhanced by copigmentation with caffeic acid resulting in an even higher t½ of 223.60
days.
МОДЕЛЬ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ КРЕАТИВНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ У СОЦІАЛЬНОМУ ПРОЄКТУВАННІ В СИСТЕМІ ФАХОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ ІЗ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ РОБОТИ
Authors: Кушнір Н. С.
Published: February 2023

У статті обґрунтовано актуальність ролі креативного менеджменту у соціальному проєктуванні в умовах фахової підготовки студентів спеціальності 231 «Соціальна робота». У ході дослідження було використано низку наукових методів. Так, під час дослідження змісту ключових понять соціального проєктування було використано аналіз. Із метою обґрунтування сутності кожного ключового поняття застосовано метод наукової абстракції. Послідовність розгляду ключових понять базується на логічному методі пізнання. У статті досліджено ключові поняття, які лежать в основі соціального проєктування з позиції застосування можливостей креативного менеджменту, а саме: креативність, неординарне мислення, творчі здібності, стратегічне мислення тощо. Розкрито сутність кожного поняття з урахуванням педагогічних, управлінських, психологічних та філософських аспектів. Наукова новизна статті полягає в розробленні моделі впровадження інструментів креативного менеджменту в соціальному проєктуванні, визначенні його ролі у формуванні та розвитку потенціалу особистості креативного менеджера соціальних проєктів. Практична значущість статті відображена в можливості використання теоретичних аспектів креативного менеджменту в процесі управління соціальним проєктуванням. Доведено, що креативний менеджмент у соціальному проєктуванні в системі фахової підготовки фахівців із соціальної роботи забезпечує розвиток ефективного лідерства, новаторства, стимулювання експериментів, самовдосконалення на основі новітніх знань; орієнтацію на унікальність і оригінальність соціально спрямованого продукту (послуги) та ефективної мотивації реалізації творчого потенціалу. У подальших дослідженнях планується розробити систему показників креативного менеджменту в соціальному проєктуванні.
ДОСВІД ФРАНЦІЇ У ВПРОВАДЖЕННІ ТЬЮТОРИНГУ У СИСТЕМІ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Швець Т. Е.
Published: February 2023

Стаття присвячена аналізу досвіду впровадження тьюторингу у системі середньої освіти Франції. У статті використані такі методи дослідження, як: вивчення, аналіз та узагальнення історико-педагогічних, педагогічних джерел з метою висвітлення французького досвіду впровадження тьюторингу у системі середньої освіти. Автор звертається до витоків тьюторингу у системі освіти Франції, що бере свій початок від середньовіччя. У статті наведені тлумачення понять «тьюторинг» і «тьютор», а також простежена ґенеза цих понять у сучасній системі освіти. У статті зазначено, що ідеї середньовічних філософів Франції ґрунтувалися на концепції освіти, орієнтованої на дитину, що враховує індивідуальні відмінності учнів, що сприяє розвитку індивідуального процесу мислення дитини. Автор характеризує у статті державну освітню політику країни, що сприяє впровадженню тьюторських практик. У статті проаналізовані результати державних програм, завдяки яким було впроваджено тьюторинг у школах Франції та зроблено висновок про ефективність тьюторських програм, які вплинули на підвищення академічної успішності учнів. Також автором було проаналізовані різні моделі тьюторингу, а саме: приватний тьюторинг, тьюторинг як допомога підготовки до іспитів, тьюторський супровід дітей з особливими потребами та онлайн-тьюторинг. У статті зазначені основні форми співпраці тьютора у системі дистанційного навчання, а також основні функції тьютора, що супроводжує учнів онлайн. На основі аналізу науково-педагогічної літератури та джерельної бази автором зроблено висновок про завдання тьюторів у системі середньої освіти Франції, а саме: розвиток в учнів критичного мислення, навчання вміння вчитися, набуття навичок самостійного навчання тощо. У висновках автором наголошено на важливості досвіду Франції у впровадженні тьюторингу, який можна використати у вітчизняній системі загальної середньої освіти.
ПРОБЛЕМА ЦІННІСНО-СМИСЛОВОГО ЗНАЧЕННЯ САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ СТУДЕНТІВ У МЕЖАХ ПІДГОТОВКИ МУЗИКАНТА-ВИКОНАВЦЯ
Authors: Економова О. С. , Макарова Е. В. , Яковенко В. Г.
Published: February 2023

У статті розглядається питання формування навичок самостійної роботи студентів, умови та методи їх розвитку й особливості проблемного типу навчання. Також приділяється увага проблемі формування професійно-творчої самореалізації та самовдосконалення особистості в умовах підготовки до інноваційної діяльності. У разі створення умов розвитку інноваційного потенціалу студента особливу увагу у змісті методологічних та технологічних впливів потрібно надавати розвитку самостійності, самоорганізації, самоосвіти, впровадженню інтегрованих методів використання індивідуально-професійного потенціалу музиканта-виконавця. Науково обґрунтовано методи активізації аналітичного мислення, слухового контролю. Висвітлено проблеми розвитку творчого потенціалу студентів шляхом самовдосконалення та співтворчості викладача та студента на заняттях. Визначено роль творчих занять як різноманітних форм удосконалення майстерності студента, висвітлено основні положення методики і практики на заняттях, надано рекомендації щодо форми організації самостійної роботи студентів. Оскільки витоком творчої самостійності є зацікавленість, то відповідно головним завданням викладача – заохочення і спонукання студентів до творчості. У статті проаналізовано стан дослідження самостійної роботи у науковій роботі; окреслено завдання для її вирішення. Намічено шляхи оволодіння аналітичними навичками: визначення мети, методів роботи над музичним матеріалом, позначення можливих труднощів у музичних творах, самостійне вирішення завдань методичного характеру, запропоновані відповідні форми самостійної роботи у навчальній діяльності студента. Запропоновані форми роботи студентів відкривають шляхи практичним формам неповторно-індивідуального самовиявлення та самоствердження особистісного «Я» кожного студента. Творчий підхід до організації самостійної роботи студентів повною мірою відповідає головній меті самореалізації людини – об’єктивації творчого потенціалу в формах предметної діяльності та одночасного розвитку, удосконалення та збагачення цього потенціалу.