bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of the effects of lighting conditions on the shade selection of maxillary central incisor using visual methods
Authors: Kawade Rewa , Sathe Seema , Apte Aditee
Published: June 2023

Background: The selection of shade of a tooth is a routine practice for a dentist, especially a prosthodontist, to make esthetically pleasing prostheses. The phenomenon of colour is a matter of perception by the eye. Every opaque object receives light, absorbs some of it and reflects the rest. A tooth being an opaque object, reflects some amount of light. The dominant wavelength of this reflected light is discerned by us as the colour of the tooth. Light has variable properties that influence our perception. Daylight is regarded as the standard source for the selection of the colour of a tooth. Conversely, the lack of optimal circumstances during different times of the day necessitates using artificial illuminants to select shade of a tooth. This study was carried out to compare the accuracy of a shade-matching light (SMILE LINE) to that of standard daylight. 

Methods: This study followed the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines for cross-sectional studies. The study comprised 125 participants of ages ranging from 20 to 30 years. Five observers from the Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College (SPDC), Wardha selected the shade of the maxillary central incisor of 125 subjects under sunlight, dental operatory light, and shade-matching light. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software, and Kappa statistics were used to compare the shades selected by the shade-matching light and dental operatory light with sunlight.

Results: A strong correlation was discovered between the shades of tooth selected under the shade matching light and shades selected under sunlight for four out of five observers.

Conclusions: The shade correcting device gives shades comparable to those selected under sunlight in ideal conditions making it useful as an alternative to sunlight for shade selection.
Outbreaks of COVID-19 in a tuberculosis treatment sanatorium on the Thailand-Myanmar border: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Aung Htet Ko Ko , Swe Lei Lei , Saito Makoto , Lesseps Sophie , Janurian Naw , Tun Win Pa Pa , Maung Maung Banyar , Than Aung , Watthanaworawit Wanitda , Kaewphanderm Napaporn , Gornsawun Gornpan , Pyae Phyo Aung , Nosten François
Published: June 2023

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic condition, with overlapping symptoms to those of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There has been inconsistent evidence on whether TB is a predisposing factor for developing severe COVID-19. The aim of this report is to explore whether TB influences the severity of COVID-19.

Methods: COVID-19 cases at two TB sanatoria on the Thailand-Myanmar border were reviewed. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data including TB treatment and co-morbidities, were analyzed. Characteristics and COVID-19 clinical outcomes were compared between two groups of patients: TB and those without TB (the caretakers and the medical personnel). Multivariable ordered logistic regression was conducted to compare the risk of severe COVID-19 between the two groups.

Results: Between September 2021 and March 2022, 161 COVID-19 cases were diagnosed. Over half of the COVID-19 patients were infected with TB (n= 104, 64.6%), and the rest were not (n=57, 35.4%). The median (interquartile range) age was 48 (33.5-57.0) and 27 (23-33) years in the TB and in the non-TB COVID-19 patients, respectively. Before COVID-19 infection, 78.7% (122/155) of patients had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. The median cycle threshold value at diagnosis was not different between TB (18.5, IQR 16.1-32.3) and non-TB patients (18.8, 15.1-30.0). Fever, gastrointestinal symptoms and ageusia were more common in non-TB patients. Six patients (3.8%, 6/156) all from the TB group became severe of which five (3.2%, 5/156) required oxygen therapy. One TB patient died (1/104, 0.96%) of lung cancer. After adjustment for potential confounders, the final clinical severity was not different between the two groups (adjusted odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 0.45–3.28).

Conclusions: TB was not associated with severe outcomes in the two TB sanatoria. The high uptake of COVID-19 vaccination and active screening could have impacted on disease progression and prevented unfavorable outcomes.
The genome sequence of the spider, Parasteatoda lunata (Clerck, 1757)
Authors: Oxford Geoff ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: June 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Parasteatoda lunata (spider; Arthropoda; Arachnida; Araneae; Theridiidae). The genome sequence is 1,411.4 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 12 chromosomal, including the X1 and X2 sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 14.29 kilobases in length.
Giant faecaloma as a complication of neuroleptic treatment – case report.
Authors: Rękawek Piotr , Lichota Jarosław , Jan Pawlus , Motyl Krzysztof , Sulikowski Tadeusz
Published: June 2023

A faecal impaction is a condition that is well known as a complication of long-term neuroleptic treatment. Rarely can provide life-threatening complications such as gastrointestinal obstruction. Long-term consolidation of faecal masses can lead to create a well-formed, hard intraluminal conglomerate (faecaloma). Fecaloma can be successfully conservatively treated. In some cases endoscopic methods may be effective. Rarely surgical treatment is required. Prophylaxis of faecal impaction is important to patients undergoing neuroleptic therapy. Indispensable is to monitor the patient's condition for constipation and obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. In this case study, we want to present a case of a giant faecaloma, which appeared as a complication of neuroleptic treatment.
Post-traumatic stress and awareness in patient with traumatic lower limb surgery by neuraxial anesthesia: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hashemian Morteza , Zandrahimi Farshad , Mirafzal Amirhossein , Pakmanesh Hamid , Amirkhosravi Ladan
Published: June 2023

Aim of the study

Anesthesia decreases brain cognitive function, memory and pain, and also leads to the loss of consciousness. In this study, midazolam and propofol-sedated trauma patients undergoing lower limb surgery were evaluated for stress levels after neuraxial anesthesia.

Subject or material and methods

This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients with lower extremity fractures due to trauma, who were candidates of elective lower extremity orthopedic surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of propofol-sedated patients (n=110) and midazolam-sedated patients (n=110) after neuraxial anesthesia. Then, all patients underwent spinal anesthesia using 3 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (3 mg/kg). Propofol (25-75 µg/kg/minute) was infused, and 1-2 mg of midazolam was injected PRN until patients reached the score of 3 on the Modified Observers' Assessment of Alertness/ Sedation Scale (MOAA/S).

Results

Preoperative sedation/alertness scores of patients in the two groups did not differ significantly from one another. Penetrating memories in the midazolam group was higher than the propofol group (P<0.05). Personal relationship problem was more significant in the midazolam group than the propofol group (P<0.05). Inability in controlling emotional feelings was higher in the midazolam group compared to the propofol group (P<0.001).

Discussion

Our findings indicated that a sub-hypnotic dose of propofol provided superior sedation and amnesia compared to midazolam. Aspects of stress, including penetrating memories, personal relationship problems, inability to control emotional feelings, and lack of depression during spinal anesthesia were better managed by propofol compared to midazolam.

Conclusions

Propofol infusion was better in decreasing stress levels after surgery compared to midazolam.
Dues mirades poloneses sobre l’escriptura de Jaume Cabré: les traduccions d’Anna Sawicka i Barbara Łuczak del relat Opus pòstum
Authors: Gregori Alfons
Published: June 2023

En el present estudi s’analitzen comparativament dues traduccions del relat de Jaume Cabré “Opus pòstum” (Viatge d’hivern, 2000) publicades en llengua polonesa per Anna Sawicka i Barbara Łuczak, respectivament. D’acord amb la dominant que fixa l’orientació de la lectura del relat, es focalitzarà, d’una banda, en les expressions que denoten moviment (desplaçament, gest) i espacialitat, i, de l’altra, en els radicals canvis de to i de registre que suposen els col·loquialismes i vulgarismes. Per procedir a l’anàlisi comparatiu del TO i dels dos TM, s’empraran un seguit de tècniques de traducció, però també s’aplicarà la perspectiva descriptiva de l’anàlisi de traduccions literàries pròpia de la teoria dels polisistemes, i en concret de l’anomenada “Escola de la manipulació”. En l’estudi es demostra que cadascuna de les traductores executa una estratègia diferenciada (domesticació, Sawicka; estrangerització, Łuczak), però que totes dues resulten complementàries pel que fa a les lectures potencials del text si tenim en compte la postura de Cabré dins del sistema literari i les ideologies estètiques que l’han condicionat.
Baskijsko-katalońskie paralele kulturowe
Authors: Piechnik Iwona
Published: June 2023

W artykule zostało omówionych kilka wątków ukazujących pewnego rodzaju paralele w stosunkach między Baskami i Katalończykami. Poza podobnymi uwarunkowaniami geograficznymi i historycznymi, wśród najważniejszych podobieństw łączących oba narody można wyróżnić: ruch „nowej pieśni” i wzajemne gesty solidarności między artystami i intelektualistami w okresie frankizmu, starania o ochronę języka i politykę medialną, bieg sztafetowy promujący język, wyścigi kolarskie i popularność piłki nożnej, wieża z ludzi budowana tradycyjnie na festynach, konkursy improwizacji poetyckiej, szczególny kult maryjny, tradycyjne obchody letniego przesilenia, produkty kuchni pirenejskiej i sukcesy „Nowej Kuchni”, a także czerwone nakrycie głowy, które w obu krajach nabrało symboliki buntowniczej.
Wzywam Cię, przyjdź! Hiszpania między sacrum a profanum
Authors: Sawicki Piotr
Published: June 2023

Artykuł ma formę itinerarium po wybranych aspektach iberyjskiej tożsamości kształtującej się przez stulecia w zróżnicowanej mozaice kulturowej ras i narodów zamieszkujących Półwysep Iberyjski. Materiał badawczy, ilustrujący relacje między sacrum a profanum w poszczególnych okresach hiszpańskiej historii (starożytność, średniowiecze, renesans, barok), pochodzi z wybranych utworów literatury rzymskiej, arabskiej, hebrajskiej, sefardyjskiej i hiszpańskiej, których fragmenty zostały przytoczone w polskich przekładach.
O hiszpańskości Wiktora Hugo (1802-1885): kilka refleksji
Authors: Sosień Barbara
Published: June 2023

Dla świata literackiej wyobraźni Wiktora Hugo Hiszpania stała się tyglem, nieustannie dostarczającym pożywki także dla jego mitologii osobistej. Poznana w dzieciństwie Hiszpania (spędził tam około roku) miała okazać się fascynującym krajem „zza Pirenejów”, historycznie i geograficznie nieodległym, choć bardzo odmiennym, niemal egzotycznym, i tym silniej działającym na wyobraźnię twórcy: uwodzicielskim. W poetyckich strofach kolejnych zbiorów wierszy, w dialogach i monologach, w fabułach powieści, Hiszpania jest obecna jako słowo, dźwięk, obraz, miejsce akcji dramatycznej lub fikcji literackiej. Pojawiający się często efekt antropomorfizacji i personifikacji sprawia, że w imaginarium Hugo Hiszpania jawi się niby ukochana, bliska, choć utracona, żywa osoba. Artykuł śledzi dynamikę owej fascynacji, stale obecnej w twórczości Hugo, choć modyfikowanej także przez tragiczne zdarzenia w życiu pisarza.
La estructura modal poder + infinitivo en la documentación notarial medieval de Galicia
Authors: Mazurek Barbara
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo identificar y analizar algunas peculiaridades de los empleos modales de la estructura poder + infinitivo en la documentación notarial gallega de la Edad Media (ss. XIII-XV). Mediante un análisis basado en datos procedentes del corpus Tesouro Medieval da Lingua Galega, tratamos de averiguar la influencia de la tradición discursiva en la distribución de los tres valores modales básicos expresados mediante ese complejo verbal y en las formas verbales adoptadas por el verbo poder.
A Decision Framework for Evaluating the Rocky Mountain Area Wildfire Dispatching System in Colorado
Authors: Belval Erin J. , Thompson Matthew P.
Published: June 2023

In recent years, the state of Colorado has experienced extreme wildfire events that have degraded forest and watershed health and devastated human communities. With expanding human development and a changing climate, wildfire activity is likely to increase, and wildfire management agencies will be challenged to sustain landscapes and the ecosystem services they provide. A critical element of the United States’ federal-, state-, and local-level multiagency wildfire response is the interagency dispatching system, which facilitates the ordering, mobilization, and tracking of firefighting resources to and from wildfire incidents—a role that is likely to increase in both importance and workload in the future. Given increasing demands, it is worth considering ways to improve efficiencies, capacity, and capability within the current Colorado dispatching system. With this, the Rocky Mountain Coordinating Group (RMCG) and the Rocky Mountain Area Fire Executive Council (RMA-FEC) sought to reorganize the dispatching system, beginning with exploration of changes to dispatching zone boundaries and the number and location of dispatching centers throughout the state. Here we describe a multiyear research–management partnership with the RMCG and RMA-FEC to apply a structured decision-making process to guide this reorganization effort. We highlight the steps used in a participatory process that involved local decision makers and included iteratively revising and clarifying the problem statement, developing objectives and translating them into measurable attributes, building a multiobjective optimization model to generate and compare alternatives, and communicating a recommended alternative that was ultimately adopted. To conclude, we discuss insights from our experience and highlight opportunities for similar work to support efficient wildfire management elsewhere in the United States.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Decision Analysis Special Issue on Decision Analysis to Advance Environmental Sustainability.

Funding: This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
Common Institutional Ownership and Product Market Threats
Authors: Kini Omesh , Lee Sangho , Shen Mo
Published: June 2023

The common ownership of firms can have anticompetitive effects by incentivizing collusive outcomes that maximize joint surpluses of the commonly held firms or procompetitive effects through enhanced knowledge spillovers. Using a difference-in-differences regression methodology that exploits mergers between financial institutions as exogenous shocks to common ownership, our baseline results suggest that higher common ownership leads to greater product market fluidity (a text-based metric of competition) and generally leads to more product development and higher investments. These findings suggest that, on average, common ownership spurs dynamism in product spaces rather than tacit collusion between cross-held competitors. This is especially true in economic environments in which it is easier to take advantage of knowledge spillovers. However, common ownership can also inhibit product market competition and dynamism, especially in industries more prone to quasi-monopoly outcomes in product spaces. Implementing a one-size-fits-all regulatory policy limiting common ownership may be harmful in industries with strong spillover opportunities.

This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4830 .
The status of nurses in social care
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: June 2023

Sam Foster, Executive Director of Professional Practice, Nursing and Midwifery Council, considers strategies for reforming social care and recognising and rewarding the work of nurses in the sector
Patient experiences of people with leg ulcers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cipolletta Sabrina , Amato Guglielmo
Published: June 2023

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the care of people with chronic leg ulcers (CLUs).

Aims:

To understand how people with CLUs perceived illness, health care and the public health emergency during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

Twenty people attending a wound care clinic in Northern Italy participated in semi-structured interviews and a thematic analysis was conducted using the software Atlas.ti 9.

Findings:

Results show that most of the participants evaluated their healthcare experience as positive but differed in their perceptions of the changes brought about by the pandemic according to their varied illness experiences and perceived social support. Participants were grouped in four trajectories that provided insight into the construction of personalised support strategies for people with CLUs.

Conclusion:

These results may help inform healthcare interventions and policies in the care of long-term conditions such as CLUs during a widespread emergency in future.
The role of venous intervention for the treatment of patients with venous leg ulceration
Authors: Atkin Leanne , Clothier Annie
Published: June 2023

More than 1 million people are estimated to have lower limb venous ulceration in the UK. Such wounds are predominantly caused by sustained venous hypertension, as a result of chronic venous insufficiency, often due to venous valve incompetence or an impaired calf muscle pump. Compression therapy is key to venous leg ulcer management and the majority of nurses are aware of the importance of starting patients on compression therapy as early as possible. However, there appears to be a lack of awareness of the importance of venous assessment and that more patients could benefit from endovenous correction of superficial venous incompetence.
Changing the law to deliver crypto asset certainty
Authors: Datoo Akber , Maharaj Simon
Published: June 2023

Clarity around the legal status of digital objects is crucial of digital assets, such as crypto currency, are to be seen as mature enough to be taken seriously by financial markets. Changes to the law in England and Wales could help with that.
Normalising radical transparency in cyber security
Authors: Hellemann Niklas
Published: June 2023

All organisations are under cyber attack and many are breached each day. And given that there's a high likelihood that you will suffer a cyber incident, the question then becomes what do you do about it? Communication – to staff, investors and the public – is a critical step and a high level of transparency here is key to enabling everyone to respond appropriately and effectively.
Security maturity is a journey, not a destination
Authors: Madou Matias
Published: June 2023

It's unlikely you will ever reach a stage of complete ‘security maturity’. Even as your systems, processes and skills improve, the goal posts are being shifted by innovative attackers and fresh vulnerabilities. But that's not a reason to give up on security maturity – shooting for that goal will still leave you better off.
Is cyber security too hard?
Authors: Mansfield-Devine Steve
Published: June 2023

The threat landscape is growing, attacks are becoming more frequent and more sophisticated and security budgets are being squeezed. Is information security becoming just too difficult for some organisations? In this interview, Srinivas Mukkamala, chief product officer at Ivanti, explains that there are ways to overcome these challenges.
Loss Calculation and Thermal Analysis of High-speed Magnetic Suspension Amorphous Motor
Authors: Hu Xiaolu , Shi Guibing , Lai Yifan , Wang Li , Yu Juntao
Published: June 2023

High loss density, small volume and difficulty heat dissipation become important factors restricting the development of high-speed motor. In this paper, a new type of high-speed magnetic suspension amorphous motor was studied and its loss and temperature rise were analysed. The influence of cooling fan on air friction loss and cooling effect under different working conditions was studied through fluid analysis. The advantages of magnetic suspension amorphous motor were verified by analysing temperature distribution and efficiency under different conditions. The accuracy of the simulation results was verified by building an experimental platform to test the temperature of the prototype. It is showed that the application of new materials and new technologies is of great significance to improve the efficiency and stability of traditional motors.
Research on Hydro-pneumatic Suspension Test Bench Based on Electro-hydraulic Proportional Control
Authors: Bai Xin , Lu Liqun , Sun Meng , Zhao Leilei , Li Hui
Published: June 2023

Compared with the traditional automotive suspension, hydro-pneumatic suspension has the characteristics of large energy storage ratio, nonlinear stiffness and can change the ground clearance of the vehicle body, which makes the vehicle have good ride comfort and handling stability during driving. In order to improve the performance of hydro-pneumatic suspension, it is necessary to design hydro-pneumatic suspension test bench for performance test. Aiming at the problem that the output signal of the mechanical test bench used in China is single and has large error, which is difficult to meet the performance test requirements of hydro-pneumatic suspension, a hydro-pneumatic suspension test bench based on electro-hydraulic proportional control is designed. Through AMESim/MATLAB joint system modeling and simulation, in the tracking comparison of sinusoidal signal, compared with the traditional PID control method, the fuzzy PID control method reduces the error by 56.8% and the lag time by 70%; Through the experimental analysis of hydro-pneumatic suspension elastic force characteristic diagram, indicator diagram and damping force velocity characteristic diagram, the error rate of the test bench in sinusoidal signal tracking experiment is less than 15%, which meets the test requirements of hydro-pneumatic suspension.
Flow Field Characteristics and Structure Improvement of Double-stage Safety Valve
Authors: Guochao Zhao , Shi Yin , Yuning Song , Hui Wang
Published: June 2023

The paper proposes a new double-stage large flow protection relief valve based on the double-stage linkage structure, to solve the problem that when it is impacted by the top plate, the traditional hydraulic support protective relief valve has smaller overflow and lower sensitivity, which causes the column circuit to be damaged. The flow field characteristics of double-stage protective relief valve are numerically simulated by the computational fluid dynamics method and semi-implicit connection pressure equation calculation model. Then the dynamic characteristics of the flow field distribution of the double-stage protective relief valve are obtained. According to the law of fluid flow, the structure of main valve core is optimized for the negative pressure, cavitation and vortex area. The flow field characteristics of the optimized double-stage protection valve are simulated and analyzed. In the end, the flow field characteristics of optimized double-stage protective relief valve are compared with the original. The results show that the negative pressure value of double-stage protective relief valve is reduced by 15%, and the outlet velocity of double-stage protective relief valve is reduced by 21% compared to the unoptimized when the main core is fully opened. The research results provide reference for the evolution design of high-flow, impact-resistant hydraulic support safety valve structure.
On a Statistical Model Useful for Demographics: Estimating the Mean Number of Children Ever Born Through the Distribution of Male Births with an Application to Data from India
Authors: Roy Shubhagata , Sharma Prayas , Singh K. K. , Srivastava Richa
Published: June 2023

The connection between male births and fertility can be easily linked with demographic transition and in defining the population distribution. In this context, it is necessary to understand the birth patterns in Indian societies which are governed by some or the other probability distributions. Although child birth is a biological process but it is very much influenced by a number of social, economic, cultural and psychological factors. Numerous demographers have proposed mathematical models to predict the number of male and female births during a given time period taking into consideration the various factors. Traditionally, estimating current levels and future trends of mean number of births is done using various life tables, cohort-component method, time-series analysis, micro-simulations, structural modeling, expert analysis, historical error analysis and also using an appropriate probability model and testing the model on real data. In the present study we developed a model for estimating the mean number of children ever born through the join probability distribution with its application for male births among the females of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The reasons of selecting these two states were their huge population and high total fertility rates. The model fits to the data of these two states, therefore it would be a good fit for the other states too, which shows the efficiency and applicability of the model. The applicability of this model has been illustrated on real data obtained from the National Family Health Survey-3 (2005–06). The various estimates of the parameters have been obtained by using the method of moments and suitability of the proposed model has been tested using the ‘goodness of fit’ criteria.
Pre-trained Model-based Software Defect Prediction for Edge-cloud Systems
Authors: Kwon Sunjae , Lee Sungu , Ryu Duksan , Baik Jongmoon
Published: June 2023

Edge-cloud computing is a distributed computing infrastructure that brings computation and data storage with low latency closer to clients. As interest in edge-cloud systems grows, research on testing the systems has also been actively studied. However, as with traditional systems, the amount of resources for testing is always limited. Thus, we suggest a function-level just-in-time (JIT) software defect prediction (SDP) model based on a pre-trained model to address the limitation by prioritizing the limited testing resources for the defect-prone functions. The pre-trained model is a transformer-based deep learning model trained on a large corpus of code snippets, and the fine-tuned pre-trained model can provide the defect proneness for the changed functions at a commit level. We evaluate the performance of the three popular pre-trained models (i.e., CodeBERT, GraphCodeBERT, UniXCoder) on edge-cloud systems in within-project and cross-project environments. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first attempt to analyse the performance of the three pre-trained model-based SDP models for edge-cloud systems. As a result, we can confirm that UniXCoder showed the best performance among the three in the WPDP environment. However, we also confirm that additional research is necessary to apply the SDP models to the CPDP environment.
A Study and Analysis of a New Hybrid Approach for Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Hada Rupendra Pratap Singh , Aggarwal Uttkarsh , Srivastava Abhishek
Published: June 2023

Accurate localization of nodes in a wireless sensor network (WSN) is imperative for several important applications. The use of global positioning systems (GPS) for localization is the natural approach in most domains. In WSNs, however, the use of GPS is challenging because of the constrained nature of deployed nodes as well as the often inaccessible sites of WSN nodes deployment. Several approaches for localization without the use of GPS and harnessing the capabilities of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) exist in literature, but each of these makes the simplifying assumption that all the WSN nodes are within the communication range of every other node. In this paper, we go beyond this assumption and propose a hybrid technique for node localization in large WSN deployments. The hybrid technique comprises a loose combination of a machine learning (ML) based approach for localization involving random forest and a multilateration approach. This hybrid approach takes advantage of the accuracy of ML localization and the iterative capabilities of multilateration. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach through experiments on a simulated set-up and follow it up with a feasibility demonstration through a prototypical implementation in the real world.
Sharing Knowledge to Promote Proactive Multi-environments in the WoT
Authors: Flores-Martin Daniel , Rentero-Trejo Rubén , Galán-Jiménez Jaime , García-Alonso José , Berrocal Javier , Murillo Juan Manuel
Published: June 2023

The main goal of the Web of Things (WoT) is to improve people’s quality of life by automating tasks and simplifying human–device interactions with ubiquitous systems. However, the management of devices still has to be done manually, which wastes a lot of time as their number increases. Thus, the expected benefits are not achieved. This management overhead is even greater when users change environments, new devices are added, or existing devices are modified. All this requires time-consuming customization of configurations and interactions. To facilitate this, learning systems help manage automation tasks. However, these require extensive learning times to achieve customization and cannot manage multiple environments so new approaches are needed to manage multiple environments dynamically. This work focuses on knowledge distillation and teacher–student relationships to transfer knowledge between IoT environments in a model-agnostic manner, allowing users to share their knowledge each time they encounter a new environment. This work allowed us to eliminate training times and achieve an average accuracy of 94.70%, making model automation effective from the acquisition in proactive WoT multi-environments.
Migración, otredad y prácticas racializadas (Ecuador, siglos XIX-XX)
Authors: Pagnotta Chiara
Published: June 2023

En este artículo, la población china, los gitanos y los judíos emigrados a Ecuador son estudiados en su función de arquetipos de la población extranjera indeseable para el país andino, entre finales del siglo xix y comienzosdel siglo xx. Sobre estos tres grupos se construyeron una serie de discursos, prácticas y actuaciones que luego encontraron cabida en la praxis y, parcialmente, en la legislación del país. Se argumenta que Ecuador se construyó comoEstado-nación a través de la difusión de algunos prejuicios y fenómenos de exclusión, de base económico-racial, que se habían extendido por el conjunto de la sociedad. Las fuentes utilizadas para este estudio son mayoritariamente losdebates parlamentarios, la prensa de la época y los fondos del Ministerio de Interior de Ecuador.
Discursos, racistas y antisemitas en publicaciones nacionalistas argentinas durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Monacci Laura
Published: June 2023

El presente trabajo busca analizar las formas en que se construyó la imagen del enemigo y su rol en la sociedad mediante diferentes formas discursivas presentadas en periódicos nacionalistas, afines al nazi-fascismo, publicados en Argentina durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, en los que se proclamaba que la soberanía nacional se encontraba amenazada tanto desde el exterior como desde el interior del país. Estos imaginarios se potenciaron en el particular contexto de radicalización general de la violencia, tanto material como discursiva. Aquí veremos cómo, ante la llegada de inmigrantes expulsados de Europa por la guerra, el racismo y, especialmente, el antisemitismo, se constituyeron estas publicacionesen su eje argumental.
Liberalismo y política popular: el derecho de petición en el Perú de 1860
Authors: Fernández Peña Marta
Published: June 2023

El derecho de petición era uno de los derechos fundamentales que se establecieron en los sistemas liberales durante el siglo XIX. En el caso concreto de Perú, en torno a los cambios políticos que experimentó el país a lo largo de la década de 1860, fueron numerosas las ocasiones en que determinados grupos de población acudieron a esta garantía constitucional para tratar de influir en la política. Así, este artículo propone un análisis de este derecho entendiéndolo como una de las estrategias de participación política indirecta con las que contaba la ciudadanía peruana del siglo XIX para intervenir en el sistema político liberal.
Cuba, la ONU y el caso español, 1945-1955
Authors: Figueredo Cabrera Katia
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo analiza la actuación de Cuba en los polémicos debates de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) acerca del caso español. Durante diez años de aislamiento español (1945-1955), la naturaleza ideo-política de los gobiernos cubanos y el cambiante escenario internacional fueron determinantes en el tránsito de la Isla por tres etapas definidas muy claramente: la primera, favorable a la mediación entre las dos Españas en conflicto; la segunda, con el vuelco a la abstención; y la tercera, de respaldo al ingreso del régimen franquista en la ONU. Esta llamativa variabilidad no solo tensó por momentos sus relaciones con Madrid, sino que también llegó a poner en entredicho la mantenida tesis de dependencia de la Isla respecto a los dictámenes de Washington.
Interpreting multi-objective reinforcement learning for routing and wavelength assignment in optical networks
Authors: Nallaperuma Sam , Gan Zelin , Nevin Josh , Shevchenko Mykyta , Savory Seb J.
Published: June 2023

Performance optimization literature in optical networks predominantly consists of single objective optimization studies while often in practice multiple performance goals are to be met. This study addresses this issue with a generalized reinforcement learning (RL) model for parameter optimization in optical networks in the presence of multiple performance goals. Using this generic model, two multi-objective variants of a classical optimization problem in optical network operation, routing and wavelength assignment (RWA), are derived and solved to near optimality. The allocated route and wavelength for each demand are optimized with respect to the number of accepted services, the number of transmitters, and network availability. The resultant approximated Pareto front provides a set of solutions from which network operators can make decisions based on their preferences for particular objectives. These results contribute to the understanding of the relationships between different network parameters and performance metrics, which would be beneficial in future network design and growth. Moreover, benchmarking results against the state-of-the-art RWA heuristics suggest the applicability of RL in dynamic settings under changing traffic and generalizability for unseen traffic.
Blockchain-based trust management collaborative system for transport multi-stakeholder scenarios
Authors: Alemany Pol , Muñoz Raul , Martrat Josep , Pastor Antonio , Díaz Rodrigo , Lopez Diego , Casellas Ramon , Martínez Ricardo , Vilalta Ricard
Published: June 2023

A trend in future networks (i.e., beyond 5G and 6G) is the increasing virtualization and disaggregation of networks (i.e., Open Radio Access Network, network function virtulization/software-defined networking, or disaggregated optical networks, among others). This trend leads to a multi-vendor situation appearing in the telco arena (i.e., hardware suppliers, software function providers, vendors, operators) that communications service providers will need to deal with. This multi-stakeholder scenario complicates provisioning and the established relationships among actors based on operation agreements that define the requirements, penalties, and prices that generate a certain level of trust among them. This new disaggregated scenario implies an increment of possibilities and relationships, requiring agreements to be created in a run-time way. As the agreement is generated ad hoc, selecting a provider is a crucial decision, and so, trust and transparency are keys to help with this decision. As trust is a human/subjective concept, it is necessary to find a way to convert it into an objective parameter that can be used in an analytical field such as network control and management. This paper aims to present a model to compute the reputation of a provider based on a set of specific and measurable parameters and the use of Blockchain to make all of the process transparent and reliable to all players involved. Furthermore, this paper shows the design for a Blockchain-based Trust Manager that can compute and distribute the reputation and trust parameters to define how trustworthy are the multi-stakeholders. Finally, an experimental validation is presented on top of an optical transport network.
Genetic algorithm-based optical proximity correction for DMD maskless lithography
Authors: Yang Zhuojun , Lin Jie , Liu Liwen , Zhu Zicheng , Zhang Rui , Wen Shaofeng , Yin Yi , Lan Changyong , Li Chun , Liu Yong
Published: June 2023

We present an optical proximity correction (OPC) method based on a genetic algorithm for reducing the optical proximity effect-induced pattern distortion in digital micromirror device (DMD) maskless lithography. Via this algorithm-assisted grayscale modulation of the initial mask at the pixel level, the exposure pattern can be enhanced significantly. Actual exposure experiments revealed that the rate of matching between the final exposure pattern and the mask pattern can be increased by up to 20%. This method's applicability to complex masks further demonstrates its universality for mask pattern optimization. We believe that our algorithm-assisted OPC could be highly helpful for high-fidelity and efficient DMD maskless lithography for microfabrication.
Three-dimensional echo light field analysis for dual-band laser active detection of a cat-eye optical system
Authors: Lv Zhe , Zhang Kuo , Bao Rui , Zhou Hang , Yang Ke , Li Weiwei , Du Xinchen , Chen Fei
Published: June 2023

Laser active detection technology utilizing the cat-eye effect provides rapid response, precise positioning, and long detection distances. However, current research mainly focuses on active detection within a single visible or near-infrared band, lacking quantitative analyses of the echo spot. In this paper, a four-interval theoretical model for dual band cat-eye target echo detection was constructed using matrix optics theory and Collins diffraction integration method. Dual-band echo detection experiments were conducted using 10.6 um far-infrared waves and 532 nm visible light waves, also the power, radius, and target-missing quantities of the echo spots were collected and quantitatively compared with the theoretical results. Results indicate that, due to the diffraction limit's effect on the distribution of the echo field, the echo power of far-infrared band detection is smaller than that of visible light band detection. The impact on the light spot caused by the positive and negative defocus values is asymmetric, with positive defocus having a lower impact on the echo spot than negative defocus at the same value. A weak positive defocus value that minimizes the radius of the echo spot and maximizes the echo power exists, with the value of weak positive defocus varying between detection bands. A linear relationship exists between the incident angle of the detection laser and the deviation of the echo spot. These findings provide a foundation for extracting working band details, predicting the motion trajectory of moving cat-eye targets, and achieving real-time tracking and detection recognition during laser active detection.
Optimized method for simultaneous detection of fog/aerosol particle size distribution
Authors: Yan Qing , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Xiao , Di Huige , Cheng Bo , Wang Yufeng , Hua Dengxin
Published: June 2023

We propose forward/lateral scattering of dual-wavelength (ultraviolet and short-wave near-infrared bands) radiation to simultaneously detect aerosol particles and fog droplet size distribution in an open atmosphere. The size distributions were described using a gamma distribution. A light-scattering detection system was optimized and designed, and the final wavelengths and scattering angles of ∼ 350 nm and ∼ 1100 nm, and 1°, 2°, 12°, and 35°, respectively, were selected. Numerical simulation analyses and measurements were performed for the proposed detection scheme. The results confirmed that the proposed method is feasible and can rapidly acquire the fog droplet spectrum and aerosol particle size spectrum distribution in an open environment. The system structure of the method is simple and easy to implement, with high detection results and accuracy.
Structure, spectroscopy and laser performance of an Er:YGGAG crystal
Authors: Chen Yuwei , Sun Dunlu , Zhang Huili , Luo Jianqiao , Quan Cong , Han Zhiyuan , Qiao Yang , Wang Zhentao , Li Hongyuan , Cheng Maojie
Published: June 2023

In this work, we report on investigations of structure, spectroscopic properties and laser performances of, what we believe to be, a novel Er:YGGAG laser crystal. High crystalline quality is proved by an FWHW of XRC of 0.019°. Thermal conductivity of a 30 at.% Er:YGGAG crystal is determined as 4.98 W/(m·K). The refractive index is measured in the range of 400 to 1000 nm and fitting with Sellmeier equation is done. A broad fluorescence emission band is located at 2786∼2819 nm, suggesting that this crystal is favorable to realize tunable and ultrafast laser. Under the pump at 969 nm with a fiber-coupled diode laser, at 400 Hz repetition rate and 600 µs pulse duration, the 30 at.% Er:YGGAG delivered maximum average power of 506 mW with overall optical-to-optical efficiency of 12.4% and slope efficiency of 16.9%. The laser beam quality was characterized by M2 factors of 1.53 and 1.39 in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively.
Ratiometric Diffuse in vivo Flow Cytometry for Quantification of Blood Sodium Levels Using Circulating Fluorescent Microsensors
Authors: Ivich Fernando , Calderon Isen , Clark Heather , Niedre Mark
Published: June 2023

We present ‘ratiometric diffuse in vivo flow cytometry’ (R-DiFC), the aim of which is to measure fluorescent signals from circulating optical microsensors for continuous in vivo quantification of blood sodium levels.
Development of a multi-scale platform to quantify metabolic heterogeneity in vivo
Authors: Deutsch Riley J. , Wang Roujia , Sunassee Enakshi D. , Madonna Megan C. , Crouch Brian T. , Ramanujam Nimmi
Published: June 2023

We developed an approach to quantify intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity of in vivo tumor models by leveraging a computationally designed multi-scale microscope and a suite of exogenous fluorescent contrast agents to provide functional and structural information.
Fluorescent Molecular Labeling and In Vivo Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Mice
Authors: Pace Joshua , Madduri Srinivasarao , Kallepu Shivakrishna , Low Philip S. , Niedre Mark
Published: June 2023

The goal of this research is to develop a method to label, detect, and count circulating tumor cells directly in vivo with an injectable folate-receptor targeted fluorescent molecular probe and near infrared (NIR) light.
Evaluating the imaging and therapeutic performance of a dual function antibody conjugate in head and neck cancer spheroids
Authors: Saad Mohammad A. , Grimaldo-Garcia Stacey , Contreras Leslie , Sweeney Allison , Selfridge Scott , Pawle Robert , Mallidi Srivalleesha , Hasan Tayyaba
Published: June 2023

This study demonstrates the efficacy of a molecular-targeted dual function antibody-based probe in detecting and treating microscopic oral cancer spheroids by a combination of fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging and photoimmunotherapy.
Synthetic Starch-Like Particles for Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy
Authors: Cisek Richard , Bennett Elisha , Harvey MacAulay , Tokarz Danielle
Published: June 2023

A starch granule model system of maltodextrin spherulites was investigated with polarization-resolved second harmonic generation, revealing similar macroscale arrangement, higher intensity, and the presence of highly aligned microdomains, similar to native starch granules.
Quantum-enhanced phase imaging without coincidence counting
Authors: Black A. Nicholas , Nguyen Long D. , Braverman Boris , Crampton Kevin T. , Evans James E. , Boyd Robert W.
Published: June 2023

Quantitative phase imaging provides a way to image transparent objects, such as biological cells, and measure their thickness. We report on a phase-imaging method that achieves twice the phase shift and approximately 1.7 times the spatial resolution of an equivalent spatially and temporally coherent classical quantitative phase-imaging system by using quantum interference between successive spontaneous parametric downconversion events in a nonlinear crystal. Furthermore, our method is approximately 1000 times faster than imaging the parametric downconversion photons in coincidence, which requires measurement times on the order of tens of hours. Our method may be useful for imaging sensitive transparent objects that require low illumination intensities at near-infrared and longer illumination wavelengths, such as photosensitive biological samples.
In-vacuum post-compression of low-fluence femtosecond probe laser pulses
Authors: Lorenz Sebastian , Grittani Gabriele Maria , Kondo Kotaro , Kon Akira , Liu Yung-Kun , Sagisaka Akito , Ogura Koichi , Nakanii Nobuhiko , Huang Kai , Bierwage Andreas , Namba Shinichi , Ohiro Hikari , Pikuz Tatiana , Koga James , Chen Pisin , Kiriyama Hiromitsu , kando masaki , Esirkepov Timur , Bulanov Sergei , Pirozhkov Alexander
Published: June 2023

Ultrafast optical probing is a widely used method of underdense plasma diagnostic. In relativistic plasma, the motion blur limits spatial resolution in the direction of motion. For many high-power lasers the initial pulse duration of 30-50 fs results in a 10-15 μm motion blur, which can be reduced by probe pulse post-compression. Here we used the Compression after Compressor Approach (CafCA) [Phys.-Usp. 62, 1096 (2019); JINST 17 P07035 (2022)], where spectral broadening is performed in thin optical plates and is followed by reflections from negative-dispersion mirrors. Our initially low-fluence probe beam was down-collimated for a more efficient spectral broadening and higher probe-to-self-emission intensity ratio. The setup is compact, fits in vacuum chamber, and can be implemented within a short experimental time slot. We proved that the compressed pulse kept high quality necessary for plasma probing. We also characterized the probe compression dependence on the main pulse energy when the latter was increased by a factor of larger than 5 while the compression setup was not changed.