bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KARAKTERISTIK KINERJA MODA ANGKUTAN UMUM KOTA PALOPO (STUDI KASUS PENUMPANG BUS EXECUTIVE, SUSPENSI UDARA, SCANIA - PO BINTANG PRIMA)
Authors: Natsir Rakhmawati
Published: January 2021

Transportasi mempunyai peranan penting dalam kehidupan manusia, karena tranportasi mempunyai pengaruh besar terhadap perorangan, masyarakat, pembangunan ekonomi, dan sosial suatu Negara.Sistem yang digunakan untuk mengangkut penumpang dan barang dengan menggunakan alat angkut tersebut dinamakan moda transportasi.Pemilihan moda dapat dikatakan sebagai tahap terpenting dalam perencanaan dan kebijakan transportasi. Hal ini menyangkut efisiensi pergerakan di daerah perkotaan, ruang yang harus disediakan kota untuk dijadikan prasarana transportasi, dan banyaknya pilihan moda transportasi yang biasa dipilih oleh penduduk. Salah satu moda transportasi darat yang digunakan adalah bus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan konsumen dalam memilih jenis bus yang akan digunakan serta karakteristik penumpang. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner yang dilakukan Uji Validitas dan Uji Reabilitas dengan menggunakan Software SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution). Dari hasil analisis diketahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumen adalah pelayanan awak bus, waktu pemberangkatan, Waktu Tempuh, harga, kenyamanan, keamanan dan keselamatan, penumpang.Adapun karakteristik penumpang adalah jenis kelamin, umur dan pekerjaan.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KECEPATAN KENDARAAN LISTRIK DAN KECERAHAN LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP HASIL PEMETAAN RUANGAN DARI SENSOR LASER SCANNER
Authors: Abdillah Muh. , Rohman Fatkhur
Published: January 2021

Angka kecelakaan lalu lintas di Indonesia masih tinggi. Menurut Data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) jumlah kecelakaan lalu lintas dalam 10 tahun terakhir mengalami fluktuasi, peningkatan paling tinggi terjadi pada 2011, yakni mencapai 108 ribu kasus. Salah satu solusi dari latar belakang tersebut ialah menggunakan sistem autonomus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari sistem autonomous menggunakan sensor laser scanner untuk mendeteksi hambatan di sekitar, dan kemudian membuat simulasi pemetaan 2D menggunakan software simulator Rviz dan digabungkan dengan ROS (Robot Operation System). Penelitian ini menjelaskan pengaruh variasi kecepatan mobile robot dan variasi kecerahan lingkungan terhadap hasil pemetaan, dengan asumsi awal tidak terdapat pengaruh terhadap hasil pembacaan sensor. Hasil penelitian mendapati adanya pengaruh kecepatan kendaraan listrik dari kecepatan 0.4 m/s, 1.77 m/s, 2.62 m/s dan 3.45 m/s terhadap hasil pemetaan. Pengaruh yang diperoleh adalah semakin cepat kendaraan listrik berjalan maka hasil pemetaan semakin tidak akurat. Hal itu disebabkan adanya pngiriman data serial dalam waktu bersamaan. Adapun pengaruh kecerahan lingkungan terhadap hasil pemetaan setelah di uji adalah tidak ada pengaruh. Hal itu disebabkan tingkat kecerahan yang digunakan masih dalam rentang spesifikasi sensor yaitu 10000 lux atau kurang
PENCEGAHAN RESIKO KECELAKAAN JATUH DARI KETINGGIAN PADA PEKERJAAN INDUSTRI KONSTRUKSI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nurhijrah Nurhijrah
Published: January 2021

Industri konstruksi memiliki resiko kecelakaan kerja yang cukup tinggi. Salah satu kegiatan yang mempunyai potensi kecelakaan kerja ialah bahaya jatuh bagi pekerja di ketinggian. Bekerja pada ketinggian adalah kegiatan kerja pada tempat atau titik kerja yang bila seorang bekerja ditempat tersebut, mempunyai potensi bahaya jatuh karena adanya perbedaan elevasi. Tulisan ini disusun bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kasus-kasus kecelakaan kerja akibat jatuh dari ketinggian yang pernah terjadi di indonesia dalam dua tahun terakhir (2013-2015) dan mendeskripsikan beberapa solusi desain yang dapat mengurangi resiko kecelakaan tersebut. Dari hasil pengumpulan data dari beberapa media online, diketahui bahwa masih banyaknya kasus kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi akibat jatuh dari ketinggian di Indonesia.  Kecelakaan tersebut terjadi karena kurangnya penerapan sistem manajemen K3 pada proyek yang sedang dilakukan. Beberapa hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa faktor desain signifikan memperngaruhi terjadinya kecelakaan kerja. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kesadaran dari arsitek dan pemilik bangunan agar mempertimbangkan keselamatan pekerja dalam proses desain bangunan. Pengaplikasian safety design yang permanen merupakan solusi yang efektif dan efisien dalam mengurangi resiko jatuh dari ketinggian, karena dapat melindungi pekerja mulai dari proses konstruksi sampai pada proses demolish bangunan, serta menghemat biaya pekerjaan proyek. Adapun beberapa alternatif desain permanen yang dapat diaplikasikan pada bangunan, seperti: pemasangan guardrail, paraphet, penutup lubang skylight, angker atap dan jalur permanen ke atap bangunan
SISTEM INFORMASI INDEKOS BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Suppa Rinto , Saldi Tizam
Published: January 2021

Sistem informasi indekos berbasis web dibuat bertujuan untuk mendukung masyarakat dalam mengakses informasi indekos yang cepat dan lebih efisien. Sistem ini juga dapat membantu pencari indekos dalam mencari indekos sesuai keinginan tanpa harus mendatangi indekos secara langsung dan juga memudahkan buat para pemilik indekos dalam memasarkan indekosnya secara mudah. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan studi pustaka. Observasi ditempuh dengan cara melakukan pengamatan secara langsung terhadap indekos, wawancara kegiatan tanya jawab dengan orang yang berhubungan dengan objek penelitian, dan studi pustaka teknik mengumpulkan data dengan bahan rujukan buku dan dokumen yang berhubungan langsung dengan penelitian. Sistem informasi indekos berbasis web ini menggunakan teknik pengembangan sistem UML (Unifed Modeling Languange) yang terdiri dari use case diagram, activity diagram, sequence diagram, dan class diagram, bahasa pemrograman PHP, dan database MySQL. Sistem ini terdiri dari tiga aktor yaitu admin, pemilik indekos, dan pencari indekos. Hasil dari sistem ini pencari indekos dapat mencari indekos berdasarkan kategori, wilayah dan harga, pemilik indekos dalam memasarkan indekosnya terlebih dahulu harus melakukan registrasi agar bisa menginput data indekosnya,  admin dapat mengelola data indekos dan data user. Sistem ini telah dibuat dan terkomputerisasi secara online
SISTEM INFORMASI PENGGAJIAN (STUDI KASUS: KANTOR RATONA TELEVISI PALOPO)
Authors: Dani Ahmad Ali Hakam , Kariadi Feby Fadillah
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk membangun sistem informasi penggajian karyawan di Kantor Ratona Televisi Palopo yang terkomputerisasi secara online, efektif, bermanfaat dan mempermudah pengolahan data penggajian. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode pengumpulan data yang terdiri atas studi kepustakaan, studi literatur, dan studi lapangan dengan melakukan observasi dan wawancara. Pengembangan sistem pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rapid Application Development, yang tahapan-tahapannya meliputi: Scope Defenition, Analysis, Design, dan Implementation. Dalam membangun sistem informasi menggunakan Unified Modelling Language (UML), bahasa pemrograman PHP, database MySQL, dan XAMPP, serta sistem informasi penggajian yang dibuat ini berbasis website. Pada tahap validasi, sistem yang dibuat divalidasi oleh para ahli dan responden dari pihak Ratona TV. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan pengembangan sistem informasi penggajian yang telah dilakukan, maka hasil yang didapatkan yaitu sistem informasi penggajian yang dibuat terdiri dari proses pengolahan data master, absensi, dan penggajian yang disertai dengan laporan-laporan yang berkaitan dengan penggajian. Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa sistem informasi penggajian yang dibuat telah terkomputerisasi secara online, efisien, bermanfaat dan mempermudah pengolahan data penggajian. Selain itu sistem informasi penggajian yang dibuat tergolong praktis bagi karyawan Ratona TV Palopo.
ANALISIS WAKTU TEMPUH AKTUAL BATAS KOTA MAKASSAR MAROS – MTC KAREBOS
Authors: Arnol Irwan
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan waktu tempuh aktual perjalanan dari tugu batas kota Makassar-Maros menuju MTC Karebosi dengan menggunakan metode survei kendaraan mengambang. Kecepatan Perjalanan rata-rata untuk rute dari Tugu Batas Kota Makassar-Maros ke MTC Karebosi adalah 21,33 km/jam untuk Sepeda Motor dan 12,33 km/jam untuk Kendaraan Ringan, sedangkan untuk rute dari MTC Karebosi ke Tugu Batas Kota Makassar-Maros adalah 25,67 km/jam untuk Sepeda Motor dan 21,00 km/jam untuk Kendaraan Ringan.Waktu tempuh rata-rata untuk rute dari Tugu Batas Kota Makassar-Maros ke MTC Karebosi adalah 50,67 menit untuk Sepeda Motor dan 70,67 menit untuk Kendaraan Ringan, sedangkan untuk rute dari MTC Karebosi ke Tugu Batas Kota Makassar-Maros adalah 44,67 menit untuk Sepeda Motor dan 54,00 menit untuk Kendaraan Ringan
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN AIR IRIGASI UNTUK LAHAN PERSAWAHAN DUSUN TO’PONGO DESA AWO GADING KECAMATAN LAMASI
Authors: Sari Andi Kartini
Published: January 2021

Irigasi merupakan bangunan air yang berupa saluran dan berfungsi menyalurkan air dari bendung ke petak secara periodik, guna mencukupi kebutuhan air bagi tanaman di petak sawah oleh karena itu investasi irigasi menjadi sangat penting dan strategis dalam rangka penyediaan air untuk pertanian. Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air untuk berbagai keperluan usaha tani, maka air (irigasi) harus diberikan dalam jumlah, waktu, dan mutu yang tepat, jika tidak maka tanaman akan terganggu pertumbuhannya yang pada gilirannya akan mempengaruhi produksi pertanian. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maksud penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kebutuhan air terhadap hasil produksi pertanian pada daerah irigasi Lamasi Kiri dusun To’Pongo Desa Awo Gading Kecamatan Lamasi. Dengan luas areal sebesar 92 ha, lahan persawahan dusun To’Pongo di Desa Awo Gading, Kecamatan Lamasi, areal persawahannya memanfaatkan air irigasi bersumber dari saluran induk Bendung Lamasi dan air hujan sehingga air dapat sampai ke areal persawahan. Dari hasil analisis pengaruh kebutuhan air terhadap hasil produksi pertanian khususnya padi berdasarkan perhitungan didapatkan bahwa produktivitas padi musim rendeng (padi musim hujan) sebesar 7,6 ton/ha menghasilkan produksi pertanian yang cukup besar yaitu sebesar 699,2 ton. Sedangkan produktivitas padi musim gadu (padi musim kemarau) sebesar 7,2 ton/ha hanya menghasilkan produksi pertanian sebesar 662,4 ton
Penerapan Metode Al Qiroah Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Membaca Pada Pelajaran Bahasa Arab Di SMP
Authors: Singgih Muhammad
Published: January 2021

This research is based on the poor ability of students to understand Arabic texts and the lack of interest in reading that is owned by students. So, the students have difficulty in understanding Arabic lessons. The problem in this research is "Is the Al-Qiroah method able to improve reading comprehension in Arabic languageand how to increase the use of the Al-Qira'ah method in reading comprehension in Arabic class lessons VII A HafshohDarul Fattah Qur'an Middle School? " while the purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the Al-Qira’ah method on reading comprehension in Arabic class VII A Hafshoh Middle School Qur'an Darul Fattah and to describe the increased use of the Al-Qira’ahmethod in reading comprehension in Arabic class VII A Hafshoh Middle School Qur'an Darul Fattah. The type of research that researchers use is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subject of this research is class VII AHafshoh Middle School Qur'an Darul Fattah amounting to 27 students. This research was conducted in two cycles and each cycle has four learning meetings. In this research, the average value of the students reading comprehension test in the pretest was 60.72, in the first cycle was 66.60 and in the second cycle was 82.02, with the difference in the increase in the pretest to the first cycle increasing by 5.88 points or equivalent to 9.68%. Meanwhile the first cycle to the second cycle increased by 15.42 points or equivalent to 23.15%. It can be concluded that learning by using the Al-Qiro’ah method can improve reading comprehension in Arabic class VII A Hafshoh students at Darul Fattah Qur'an Middle School.
Campur Kode Bahasa Arab dalam Ceramah Gus Baha pada Acara Maulidyah dan Harlah ke 52 PP. Al-Anwar, 06 Rabi'ul Awwal 1440 H/14 November 2018
Authors: Septian Pratama
Published: January 2021

The development of technology makes a lecture from an ustadz in an area accessible to Muslim communities in any area, for example through the YouTube application. However, The Ustadz uses the local language, so that netizens from other regions who want to listen to the lecture have difficulty understanding the contents of the lecture. The most obvious example is KH. Ahmad Bahauiddin Nursalim, or Gus Baha. The researcher tries to describe how the code mixing process, which is specific to the Arabic language that Gus Baha uses. The approach used in this study is adescriptive approach approach, while the method used is qualitative. The object of the research was Gus Baha's video lecture with the theme “Mengupas Pendidikan Keagamaan di Zaman Sekarang Untuk Pesantren dan Masyarakat”. The reason why Gus Baha used mixed Arabic codes very much in the lecture was because he was in the presence of the Ustadzs and students of PP. Al-Anwar who is almost the majority of them unders

The development of technology makes a lecture from an ustadz in an area accessible to Muslim communities in any area, for example through the YouTube application. However, The Ustadz uses the local language, so that netizens from other regions who want to listen to the lecture have difficulty understanding the contents of the lecture. The most obvious example is KH. Ahmad Bahauiddin Nursalim, or Gus Baha. The researcher tries to describe how the code mixing process, which is specific to the Arabic language that Gus Baha uses. The approach used in this study is adescriptive approach approach, while the method used is qualitative. The object of the research was Gus Baha's video lecture with the theme “Mengupas Pendidikan Keagamaan di Zaman Sekarang Untuk Pesantren dan Masyarakat”. The reason why Gus Baha used mixed Arabic codes very much in the lecture was because he was in the presence of the Ustadzs and students of PP. Al-Anwar who is almost the majority of them understand Arabic. The conclusion of this study is that lecturers must be able to understand the characteristics of their audience, so that they will use language that is able to be captured by the audience. One of the factors that influence the use of code mixing is the interlocutor. So even though the communication speech formed is mostly one-way communication, the audience is the speaker.

Keywords: code mix, Lecture, Gus Baha, Arabic

tand Arabic. The conclusion of this study is that lecturers must be able to understand the characteristics of their audience, so that they will use language that is able to be captured by the audience. One of the factors that influence the use of code mixing is the interlocutor. So even though the communication speech formed is mostly one-way communication, the audience is the speaker.

Keywords: code mix, Lecture, Gus Baha, Arabic
KAJIAN AL-AQSHA PENDEKATAN HISTORIS-RELIGIUS
Authors: L Sholehuddin
Published: January 2021

Al-Aqsa has become an international center, a meeting place between continents in the world which has become the center of various activities, both trade, military, culture, power and others. In addition, geographically al-Aqsa has fertile land and abundant natural wealth both on land and in the sea, various fruits grow well and various livestock reproduce rapidly. The advantages possessed by al-Aqsa have resulted in a friendship for some of the nations of the world to enjoy, control and manage it. In order to thoroughly and deeply understand the various issues and conditions of al-Aqsa, the author uses a historical-religious approach as a means of proving facts and data through an analysis of the relevant verses of the Koran. This paper shows that al-Aqsa is the place of the prophets and messengers either as a place to live or as a place to stay and empirically there is no strong evidence of traces of the life of the Jewish people in Palestine that can be justified scientifically, historically and religiously.
A Continuing Quest for an Acceptable Alternative Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) Severity Scoring System in a Resource-Constrained Setting
Authors: D Waziri Aliyu , Awwalu Sani , N Ibrahim Ismaila , U Kusfa Ibrahim , M Suleiman Aishatu , Hassan Abdulaziz
Published: January 2021

Background: Sickle cell Anaemia (SCA) severity scoring has remained challenging. Scoring systems based on clinical and certain laboratory parameters are limited in simplicity and wide applicability. This is further worsened by dearth of exhaustive and accurate patient history. This study compared a simple, laboratory parameter-based severity scoring system to a pre-existing scoring system. Methodology: Derivation group (n = 45) and validation group (n = 300) were enrolled during steady state. Complications, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and white blood cell counts (WBC) were documented. Severity scores were computed for each participant based on number of complications, Hb and WBC counts using a preexisting scoring system. Proposed scoring system
Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Yerleşkesinin Kurakçıl Peyzaj Tasarımı Bağlamında İrdelenmesi
Authors: HERSEK Gökcan , KORKUT Aslı
Published: January 2021

Etkilerini 21. yüzyıl ile birlikte arttıran küresel iklim değişikliğine bağlı olarak aşırı sıcaklık değerlerine ulaşılmakta ve sıra dışı hava olayları meydana gelmektedir. Dünya nüfusundaki artış ve kullanılabilir suyun değer kazanması neticesinde su kaynaklarından daha verimli şekilde yararlanma zorunluluğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bağlamda geleneksel peyzaj tasarım çalışmalarında değişikliğe gidilmesi gerektiği anlaşılmıştır. Araştırmada kurakçıl peyzaj tasarım ilkelerini yurtiçi ve yurt dışındaki örnekler üzerinden detaylı bir biçimde irdelenmektedir. Araştırmanın kapsamını Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Merkez Yerleşkesi oluşturmaktadır. Yerleşke genelindeki kullanım alanlarının mevcut durumları kurakçıl peyzaj tasarım yaklaşımı doğrultusunda irdelenmiş, sürdürülebilir bir peyzaj için çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmuştur. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular, dünya üzerinde ve ülkemizde yaşanılan iklim değişikliğinin boyutlarını gözler önüne sermekte ve başta üniversite yerleşkeleri olmak üzere su ve enerji kaynaklarının daha verimli kullanıldığı sürdürülebilir peyzajlar oluşturulması için ilkeler sunmaktadır.
THE PRAKTIKALITAS PENGEMBANGAN E-BOOK FISIKA BERBANTUAN EDMODO BERBASIS DISCOVERY LEARNING DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA
Authors: Ayu Fitrah , Fuzi Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian pengembangan ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kepraktisan penggunaan e-book Fisika berbantuan edmodo berbasis discovery learning dalam prosese pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (R&D). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu metode deskriptif dengan instrumen pengumpulan data yakni angket praktikalitas yang dinilai oleh guru. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 14 Padang Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020 pada materi gelombang mekanik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa e-book Fisika berbantuan edmodo berbasis discovery learning sangat praktis digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dengan persentase rata-rata praktikalitas sebesar 90%.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR DENGAN METODE BERMAIN PERAN PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS DI KELAS IV MI THORIQOTUL FALAH TALANGKEMBAR TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Akhmad Aji Pradana  , Annisa Ulfa’atin Sholihah
Published: January 2021

English is an international language that is important to learn because English can be used to communicate with any nation. Along with the above, learning English needs to be introduced to students as early as possible. The limited allocation of time in learning English has an impact on the lack of level of student understanding and enthusiasm of students in English subjects, so that the achievement of learning outcomes is also far from the minimum standards of completeness set by the institution. This study aims to increase the level of activity and enthusiasm of students in learning English, improve student learning outcomes in English subjects. This research method uses classroom action research (Action Classroom Research) with a learning approach using a cycle and described using descriptive analysis methods. Qualitatively, namely by observing to obtain student attitudes data during the process of teaching and learning activities (KBM) and teachers in applying methods in learning. While quantitative is to process data in the form of numbers from formative test results in each cycle. Descriptive analysis is intended to explain the recapitulation of qualitative data obtained during KBM. The research subjects were class IV MI Thoriqotul Falah Talangkembar District Montong Tuban Regency, with the number of students 19 children consisting of 10 female students and 9 male students with heterogeneous student abilities. From the results of this study it can be concluded that, the use of role playing methods has an effect on improving student learning outcomes. Recapitulation of the acquisition of the class average of 67.5 at the pre cycle stage, 75.68 in the first cycle, and 77.37 in the second cycle. The number of students completing learning increases each cycle, initially 9 students at the pre-cycle stage, 12 students in the first cycle, and 17 students in the second cycle. Classical completeness also reached the target height of 89.50% at the end of the second cycle, from 43.36% at the beginning of the cycle and 75.68% at the cycle I stage.
MENALAR URGENSI PENGHAPUSAN UJIAN NASIONAL DEMI KEADILAN SISWA, GURU DAN SEKOLAH PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR: 2596 K/PDT/2008
Authors: Aufi Imaduddin
Published: January 2021

The national exam is a form of national level learning evaluation that has been set by the government to determine student learning outcomes. However, in the implementation of the national exam has a negative impact on students, teachers and schools. So lately there has been a renewed discourse about the elimination of the national examination, it began with the policy of the Indonesian Minister of Education and Culture to abolish the national examination in 2021. Especially if we examine further that legal efforts to stop the implementation of the national examination have existed since 2006 and the peak in 2009 was the decision of the Supreme Court number: 2596 K / PDT / 2008 which in essence required the government to stop the implementation of the national examination before resolving various existing problems. Therefore, the writer is interested in asking logically to think about the urgency of abolishing the national exam after the decision of the Supreme Court. In this paper, the method used by the author is a qualitative method based on social facts that occur based on juridical reasons based on the laws and regulations related to research. The results of this study found that the implementation of the national exam has claimed justice for students in obtaining their human rights in obtaining education that has been mentioned in the 1945 Constitution and is not in accordance with educational thought according to Ki Hajar Dewantara, as well as causing various depressive pressures which have an impact on their minds stressed and suicidal students. The implementation of national exams has also revoked justice for teachers, where teachers in their teaching are supposed to educate students well and develop their students' thinking instincts, with the national examination the teacher only drills students to memorize and do exercises that lead to the national exam. Recalling also that the implementation of national examinations in a juridical manner in the decision of the Supreme Court has violated various laws and regulations regarding education in Indonesia. Therefore, the elimination of the national exam will give back the right to justice for students, teachers and schools according to their respective proportions.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIAKAN SOAL CERITA TENTANG PERBANDINGAN
Authors: Supriyanto
Published: January 2021

This study aims to describe the location, type, and factors causing students to make mistakes in solving the story of the comparison. And to arrange alternative learning so that errors do not happen again. The determination of research subjects based on the results of the analysis of student work outcomes on the question of diagnostic tests provided. With diagnostic tests can be known location and type of student error, while to determine the factors causing the error obtained from an interviews with the subject of research. From the research, it is known that the research subjects made mistake in every step of problem-solving that is: understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back and make a conclusion. The types of mistakes made by the students are as follows: 1) the error of facts: incomplete in writing what is known about, 2) misconceptions: not making the right plan, wrong in determining the percentage of a value, wrong in comparing, Determining the values ​​compared, wrong in determining the type of comparison, 3) principle error: incorrect in using formulas to determine percentages, and incorrect in determining unknown values ​​in comparison, and 4) operation errors: errors in simplifying fractions. Factors that cause errors are a lack of thorough students in reading and understanding problems, difficulties in using and analyzing information on the problem, the existence of a misconception about the comparison. Based on the characteristics of factors causing mistakes made by students, then Problem Based Learning is one effective way to embed the concept of comparison and familiarize students in solving math problems.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TEKA-TEKI SILANG (TTS) PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK TEMA CITA-CITAKU KELAS IV DI MI AL BUSYRO
Authors: Siti Nurjanah  , Sumarmi
Published: January 2021

The use of instructional media really helps teachers develop and deepen the teaching and learning process in the classroom. The use of instructional media that varies appropriately can affect student learning activities, interests and motivation. Therefore, learning media that are not boring are needed. One of them is with game-based media, such as crossword puzzles. Based on the background and study of the theory, this research is expected to provide answers to the formulation of the problem: (1) What is the validity of the crossword puzzle media on the thematic learning of my ideals for grade IV at MI Al-Busyro? (2) What is the practicality of the crossword media in the thematic learning theme of my ideals grade IV at MI Al Busyro? (3) What is the effectiveness of the crossword puzzle media on the thematic learning of my ideals for grade IV at MI Al Busyro ?. The objectives in this study are (1) Knowing the validity of the crossword puzzle media on the thematic learning theme of my ideals grade IV at MI Al Busyro? (2) Knowing the practicality of the crossword media in the thematic learning theme of my ideals grade IV at MI Al Busyro? (3) Knowing the effectiveness of the crossword puzzle media in the thematic learning theme of my ideals grade IV at MI Al Busyro ?. This research is a type of research or development known as Research and Development (R&D). This research was conducted in MI Al-Busyro class IV. The instrument used in the form of a validation sheet to measure validity, questionnaire responses of teachers and students to measure the level of practicality, and items to measure the level of effectiveness through student tests. The data that has been obtained is then analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive data analysis. Based on the results of the validity analysis, (1) The crossword puzzle media developed are in the very valid category with a value of 90.5%. (2) The results of the teacher's response questionnaire were 93% and the results of the student's questionnaire responses were 90% and each was in the very good category. (3) The percentage of student graduation is more than 85%. Thus, it can be concluded that the developed crossword puzzle media meet valid, practical and effective categories.
PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN BERFIKIR KRITIS SISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN IPS MI
Authors: Nurlaili Dina Hafni
Published: January 2021

This research works for two reasons; first, academically, variative method will be highly effective and efficient in teaching quality. Meanwhile if this does not develop well, it is an obstacle for the achievement of learning objectives, the achievement of critical thinking skills. Second, based on the first observation, it was found that there are some social studies teacher who teach the student by speech method, asking-answer question, and giving works. It will not develop student critical thinking based on what FRISCO stated. The research purpose is to identify and analyze the learning method of social studies teacher in MIN Rejoso to developing student critical thinking skills. It is field research with qualitative approach. The data is collected by interview, observation, and document analysis. The data analysing technicque uses “discourses analysis”. The research found is the method used by social studies teacher in MIN Rejoso Peterongan Jombang can not develop the student critical thinking skills. The causes is there are some teacher‟s view that social studies is similar with rote and stories. The paradigm that may admit the teacher is everything, teachers is lazy to design critical learning due to lot of other works that must finished, and limited facilities.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL IPA MELALUI PENDEKATAN OUTDOOR LEARNING DI SDN SUMURJALAK 2 PLUMPANG TUBAN
Authors: Midya Yuli Amreta  , Ahmad Farid Utsman
Published: January 2021

Learning contextual on IPA is learning of nature science who insists on the links between matter learning of surely clear. This study attempts to described and analyze learning model contextual IPA in SDN sumurjalak 2 plumpang, described and analyze outdoor learning in SDN sumurjalak 2 plumpang , and described and analyze learning model contextual IPA through outdoor learning in SDN sumurjalak 2 plumpang .This study adopted qualitative approaches that uses the design cases. The data collection was done through technique interview, observation, and documentation. Technique data analysis covering reduction data, presentation of data, and the withdrawal of conclusion. Informants in this research among others Headmaster, teachers, and school tuition. The results of research has done shown that: ( 1 ) learning science using contextual learning model it can enhance understanding drafts participants students.In learning use contextual teachers capable of mengondisikan students by stressing towards the process of full involvement students to own mengkostruksikan matter learned and connecting with the real life causing students to can use them in their lives.( 2 ) outdoor approach learning is an alternative to science suitable learning adventure and observation directly in the real environment around with link science, environment, and the technology.( 3 ) contextual learning model in learning science capable of learning constructive provides science and give meaningful study results for learners.Students can find arrange their own that they can be meaningful and unforgetable. Students get easier to understand the content of learning, they also have higher critical thinking and creative on question and answer session in learning science.
2 and 3-dimensional structure of the descent of mesospheric trace
constituents after the 2013 SSW elevated stratopause event
Authors: Siskind David E. , Harvey V. Lynn , Sassi Fabrizio , McCormack John P. , Randall Cora E. , Hervig Mark E. , Bailey Scott M.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. We use the Specified Dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Extended (SD-WACCMX) to model the descent of nitric oxide (NO) and other mesospheric tracers in the extended, elevated stratopause phase of the 2013 Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW). The dynamics are specified with a high altitude version of the Navy Global Environmental model (NAVGEM-HA). Consistent with our earlier published results, we find that using a high altitude meteorological analysis to nudge WACCMX allows for a realistic simulation of the descent of lower thermospheric nitric oxide down to the lower mesosphere, near 60 km. This is important because these simulations only included auroral electrons, and did not consider additional sources of NO from higher energy particles, for example, medium energy electron precipitation (> 30 keV). This suggests that the so-called energetic particle precipitation indirect effect (EPP-IE) can be accurately simulated, at least in years of low geomagnetic activity, such as 2013, without the need for additional NO production, provided the meteorology is accurately constrained. Despite the general success of WACCMX in simulating mesospheric NO, a detailed comparison of the WACCMX fields with the analyzed NAVGEM-HA H2O and satellite NO and H2O data from the Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE) and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) reveals significant differences in the latitudinal and longitudinal distributions in the 45–55 km region. This stems from the tendency for WACCMX descent to maximize at sub-polar latitudes and while such sub-polar descent is seen in the NAVGEM-HA analysis, it is more transient than in the WACCMX simulation. These differences are linked to differences in the Transformed Eulerian Mean (TEM) circulation between NAVGEM-HA and WACCMX, most likely arising from small differences in how gravity wave forcing is represented. To attempt to compensate for the differing distributions of model vs. observed NO and to enable us to quantify the total amount of upper atmospheric NO delivered to the stratopause region, we use potential vorticity and equivalent latitude coordinates. Preliminary results suggest both model and observations are generally consistent with NO totals in the range of 0.1–0.25 gigamoles (GM).
Shift of seed mass and fruit type spectra along longitudinal gradient: high water availability and growth allometry
Authors: Yu Shunli , Wang Guoxun , Katz Ofir , Li Danfeng , Wang Qibing , Yue Ming , Liu Canran
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Propagule traits vary among biomes along geographical gradients
such as longitude, but the mechanisms that underlie these variations remain
unclear. This study aims to explore seed mass variation patterns of
different biome types along a longitudinal gradient and their underlying
variation mechanisms by involving an in-depth analysis on the variation of
seed mass, fruit type spectra, growth forms and dispersal mode spectra in
Inner Mongolia and northeastern China. Plant community characterization and
seed collection were conducted in 26 sites spreading over five vegetation
types and covering 622 species belonging to 66 families and 298 genera. We
found there are significantly declining trends for mean seed mass,
vertebrate-dispersed species richness and fleshy-fruited species richness
along a longitudinal gradient from forests to desert grasslands. However, we
also found the lowest average seed mass and the smallest proportion of
species dispersed by vertebrates occurring at typical grasslands in the five
biomes. The variations of average seed mass display high congruence with
transition of growth form spectra. The selection for these propagule
attributes is driven mainly by climatic factors such as precipitation,
temperature, soil moisture and evaporation, as well as by internal biotic
factors such as growth forms, canopy coverage and leaf area (Ackerly and Donoghue, 1998). A hypothesis
was provided that environmental factors and botanical traits that favor
greater water availability lead to emergence (or speciation) of species with
large seeds or fleshy fruits with high water content. Due to greater water
availability and increasing leaf area, much more photosynthate
(photosynthesis production) and allometric growth then ultimately increase
the biome average seed mass from west to east. Phylogenetic signal or
diversity are not found to be significantly involved in the effect on the
patterns. A novel mechanistic framework and mathematical model are provided
to expound seed variation among species or biomes.
Field experiment for open-loop yaw-based wake steering at a commercial onshore wind farm in Italy
Authors: Doekemeijer Bart M. , Kern Stefan , Maturu Sivateja , Kanev Stoyan , Salbert Bastian , Schreiber Johannes , Campagnolo Filippo , Bottasso Carlo L. , Schuler Simone , Wilts Friedrich , Neumann Thomas , Potenza Giancarlo , Calabretta Fabio , Fioretti Federico , van Wingerden Jan-Willem
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The concept of wake steering on wind farms for power maximization has gained significant popularity over the last decade. Recent field trials described in the literature not only demonstrate the real potential of wake steering on commercial wind farms but also show that wake steering does not yet consistently lead to an increase in energy production for all inflow conditions. Moreover, a recent survey among experts shows that validation of the concept currently remains the largest barrier to adoption. In response, this article presents the results of a field experiment investigating wake steering in three-turbine arrays at an onshore wind farm in Italy. This experiment was performed as part of the European CL-Windcon project. While important, this experiment excludes an analysis of the structural loads and focuses solely on the effects of wake steering on power production. The measurements show increases in power production of up to 35 % for two-turbine interactions and up to 16 % for three-turbine interactions. However, losses in power production are seen for various regions of wind directions too. In addition to the gains achieved through wake steering at downstream turbines, more interesting to note is that a significant share in gains is from the upstream turbines, showing an increased power production of the yawed turbine itself compared to baseline operation for some wind directions. Furthermore, the surrogate model, while capturing the general trends of wake interaction, lacks the details necessary to accurately represent the measurements. This article supports the notion that further research is necessary, notably on the topics of wind farm modeling and experiment design, before wake steering will lead to consistent energy gains on commercial wind farms.
HEGEMONIA DISCURSIVA E CONSENSO ATIVO
Authors: Magalhães Solange Martins Oliveira , Soares Jackeline Império
Published: January 2021

O tortuoso e difícil processo de questionamento sobre o trabalho docente passa pela análise do desenvolvimento do sujeito social, entendendo que esse exige para sua efetivação a relação trabalho-educação como atributos da humanização. A origem do homem e da educação coincide, mas o trabalho é a característica essencial que define o homem em sua totalidade. O que o homem é, é-o pelo trabalho; com ele se desenvolve, se aprofunda e se complexifica ao longo do tempo. A partir de uma perspectiva histórico crítica que destaca os aspectos ontológico e histórico dos fenômenos estudados, elegemos a categoria trabalho-educação para entender o processo que orienta e alimenta o trabalho docente, como atividade que tem a potência de desenvolver sujeitos emancipados, participantes críticos da vida da sociedade. Para compreender a relação trabalho-educação, tomamos a produção acadêmica publicada na ANPEd, no recorte período 2009-2013, do Grupo de Trabalho (GT): Formação de Professores, como representativa dos discursos acadêmicos. Analisamos o posicionamento epistemológico e político dos artigos, assumidamente críticos e dialéticos, destacando como sustentam a relação trabalho-educação. Os resultados a presença de hegemonia discursiva, quando críticos contra hegemônicos visam à qualidade social para a educação, preocupam-se com o desenvolvimento de processos e potencialidades dos sujeitos, inserindo-os em atividades que possibilitam a apropriação de conhecimentos, com vistas tanto à qualificação teórico-técnica, tanto quanto à compreensão crítica das posturas baseadas na ética das relações assimétricas e da produção da submissão nos indivíduos via trabalho docente; quando hegemônicos fortalecem o consenso ativo.
ASPECTOS BÁSICOS DE LA EDUCACIÓN DE MAYORES: UNA EXPERIENCIA DE FORMACIÓN
Authors: Barrantes Maria José Víquez
Published: January 2021

A continuación se presenta el relato de la experiencia desarrollada en el marco del proyectoED- 3053 “Formación para personas facilitadoras de procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje con personasadultas y adultas mayores”, del Instituto de Investigaciones en Educación (INIE) en coordinacióncon el Programa Institucional para la Persona Adulta y Adulta Mayor (PIAM) de la Universidad deCosta Rica. El objetivo fundamental del proyecto es desarrollar un curso titulado “Aspectos Básicosde la Educación para mayores” para personas facilitadoras de los cursos del PIAM, específicamentemediante tres grandes temas: I. Aspectos básicos de gerontología, II. Procesos de enseñanza aprendizajepara mayores y III. Técnicas didácticas para la educación de mayores. Durante el 2014 se realizarondos experiencias en las cuales, participó un total de 30 personas facilitadoras que imparten cursos deartesanías, idiomas, computación, actividad física, arte y cultura y estilos de vida saludables en el PIAM.La experiencia educativa del curso, brindó a los participantes, herramientas teóricas y prácticas para mejorar los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje con población adulta mayor, así como brindó una serie de contenidos conceptuales, procedimentales y actitudinales para desarrollar procesos educativos con personas mayores. Además, con la experiencia se legitima la labor educativa que persigue el Programay se logran hacer rupturas con ese imaginario negativo que señala que las personas mayores “ya no pueden aprender”
OS DIREITOS HUMANOS DA PESSOA IDOSA NUMA PERSPECTIVA COMPARADA EM PAÍSES IBERO-AMERICANOS
Authors: Agliardi Delcio Antônio
Published: January 2021

Este texto apresenta um estudo comparado de direitos humanos da pessoa idosa em países ibero-americanos e mostra as mudanças demográficas e o envelhecimento da população no território. Tem como objetivo explorar os documentos políticos e jurídicos que dão sustentação à promoção e proteção de direitos do idoso no Brasil, Chile, México e Uruguai. Propõe a ser a legislação insuficiente para o cuidado humano do idoso, por isso deve surgir uma nova cultura e uma nova ética para as relações afetivas entre as pessoas no mundo contemporâneo. O método de investigação utilizado é o de análise documental, que permite escolher alguns marcadores para a análise e compreensão do fenômeno escolhido, uma espécie de historiografia dos direitos humanos no período histórico pós-guerra. O Brasil, país que formulou nas últimas décadas a política, o plano nacional e o Estatuto do Idoso, é considerado como um caso singular entre os outros países ibero-americanos, pois a política do idoso, baseada em um enfoque de direitos, promove a construção da cidadania na velhice e garante, por parte do Estado, as condições para o exercício de direitos individuais e coletivos. O texto apresenta uma sustentação teórica em autores como Bobbio (1992), Maturana (2004) e Levinas (2005), entrelaçando conceitos. Os direitos e o cuidado humano da pessoa idosa são abordados numa concepção de cultura matrística (maternagem), ou seja, fundamentada na ética da alteridade, a partir do pensamento de  Levinas, pois o rosto do idoso pede abrigo, cuidado e paciência.
PROFESSORES DA TERCEIRA IDADE. UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA.
Authors: Lirio Castro Juan
Published: January 2021

Este artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica que indaga sobre los estudios realizados sobre el profesorado de los adultos mayores, especialmente los publicados en castellano y en el contexto español. Se constata la escasez de trabajos realizados, a pesar de considerarse un aspecto crucial en la educación de adultos mayores. Entre los resultados de los estudios más significativos en el área, destacan la importancia de que el profesorado reúna unas condiciones y habilidades referidas tanto al dominio de la disciplina que imparte, al dominio pedagógico, así como poseer unas buenas habilidades sociales y comunicativas.
The contribution of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and alcohol to the total energy value of the diet: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Galchenko Alexey , Sidorova Elizaveta , Barinov Artem , Titiov Nikita , Skalny Andrew
Published: January 2021

While eating, people receive energy, as well as the necessary nutrients. However, different food products contain different amounts of macro- and micronutrients, so their consumption can vary significantly depending on eating habits. The diets of 105 people, first-year students of the Peoples` Friendship University of Russia from six different regions of the Earth: CIS countries; Latin America; Central and South Africa; North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia; Central and South Asia; Iran and Azerbaijan - were analyzed. Nutrition was evaluated by the frequency method. The median calorie intake among all examined was 2756 kcal per day. At the same time, the proportion of proteins from the total calorie content was 15.3%, from fats – 37.5%, from carbohydrates – 47.1%, from alcohol – 0.5%. It was not possible to detect significant differences in the consumption of macronutrients or their contribution to the energy value of the diet between the regions. The exception was ethanol consumption: students coming from Central and South Africa consumed significantly more alcoholic drinks compared to students from Russia, Ukraine, and Moldova. Due to the extremely high level of dispersion within each of the studied groups, it was not possible to detect significant differences in the consumption of macronutrients, depending on the region of origin of the student. That is, intra-group differences turned out to be significantly more than inter-group differences. At the same time, the share of macronutrients in ensuring the total calorie content of the diet in this study turned out to be close to the data obtained in large cities of other countries and significantly differed from the results of the assessment of diets of rural residents. Probably, the student’s nutrition is formed largely under the influence of the urban environment and individual taste preferences; ethnic and cultural affiliation plays a much smaller role.