bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-colour fluorescent imaging in organisms using self-assembled nano-systems of upconverting nanoparticles and molecular switches
Authors: Wu Tuoqi , Johnsen Bob , Qin Zhaozhao , Morimoto Masakazu , Baillie David , Irie Masahiro , Branda Neil R.
Published: June 2015

A reversible and a non reversible emission probes are used to image nano-assemblies in live worms.
Twisted amide electrophiles enable cyclic peptide sequencing
Authors: Zaretsky Serge , Rai Vishal , Gish Gerald , Forbes Matthew W. , Kofler Michael , Yu Joy C. Y. , Tan Joanne , Hickey Jennifer L. , Pawson Tony , Yudin Andrei K.
Published: June 2015

Preserving the electrophilic carbonyl group of an aziridine amide in a macrocycle enables cyclic peptide sequencing by chemoselective linearization and tandem mass spectrometry.
Synthesis of perfectly alternating copolymers for polymers of intrinsic microporosity
Authors: Zhang Jian , Jin Jianyong , Cooney Ralph , Fu Qiang , Qiao Greg G. , Thomas Sylvie , Merkel Tim C.
Published: June 2015

A two-pot synthetic strategy was developed to accomplish sequence control in a completely alternating fashion for co-polymers of intrinsic microporosity.
Transition metal-catalyzed C–H bond functionalizations by the use of diverse directing groups
Authors: Chen Zhengkai , Wang Binjie , Zhang Jitan , Yu Wenlong , Liu Zhanxiang , Zhang Yuhong
Published: June 2015

In this review, a summary of transition metal-catalyzed C–H activation by utilizing the functionalities as directing groups is presented.
Palladium-catalyzed direct ortho C–O bond construction of azoxybenzenes with carboxylic acids and alcohols
Authors: Zhang Duo , Cui Xiuling , Yang Fangfang , Zhang Qianqian , Zhu Yu , Wu Yangjie
Published: June 2015

A Pd(ii) catalyzed C–O bond formation of azoxybenzenes has been developed.
I2-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives via sp3and sp2C–H cross-dehydrogenative coupling
Authors: Zhang Zeyuan , Xie Caixia , Tan Xiaochen , Song Gaolei , Wen Leilin , Gao He , Ma Chen
Published: June 2015

An efficient I2-catalyzed cascade coupling protocol was developed for the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivativesviasp3and sp2C–H cross-dehydrogenative coupling.
Surface functionalization-induced enhancement in surface properties and biocompatibility of polyaniline nanofibers
Authors: Borah Rajiv , Kumar Ashok , Das Monoj Kumar , Ramteke Anand
Published: June 2015

Surface functionalization by glutaraldehyde effectively enhanced hydrophilicity of polyaniline nanofibers (PNFs) rendering them with improved biocompatibility as revealed by MTT assay and membrane stability test.
Parameter optimization for nitrate removal from water using activated carbon and composite of activated carbon and Fe2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Mehrabi Novin , Soleimani Mansooreh , Yeganeh Mina Madadi , Sharififard Hakimeh
Published: June 2015

Composite of activated carbon and Fe2O3 nanoparticles was synthesized as a novel adsorbent for nitrate removal.
Heavier group 2 metal complexes with a flexible scorpionate ligand based on 2-mercaptopyridine
Authors: Naktode Kishor , Reddy Th. Dhileep N. , Nayek Hari Pada , Mallik Bhabani S. , Panda Tarun K.
Published: June 2015

Synthetic and structural details of flexible scorpionate ligand based on 2-mercaptopyridine (Bmp) supported heavier alkaline earth metal complexes with metal–sulfur bonds (metal = Sr, Ba) have been presented.
Natural-gel derived, N-doped, ordered and interconnected 1D nanocarbon threads as efficient supercapacitor electrode materials
Authors: Wahid Malik , Parte Golu , Fernandes Rohan , Kothari Dushyant , Ogale Satishchandra
Published: June 2015

Natural gel pectin is transformen into interconnected, N-doped, ordered and Interconnected 1D nano-carbon threads upon high temperature pyrolysis inside SBA-15.
Significantly improved de/rehydrogenation properties of lithium borohydride modified with hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Tu Guoping , Xiao Xuezhang , Qin Teng , Jiang Yiqun , Li Shouquan , Ge Hongwei , Chen Lixin
Published: June 2015

The dehydrogenation kinetics of LiBH4 could be significantly improved by doped with h-BN. For the 30 mol% h-BN doped LiBH4, 12.6 wt% hydrogen could be released with in 2 h.
Theoretical investigation of H2S removal on γ-Al2O3 surfaces of different hydroxyl coverage
Authors: Ren Rui-Peng , Liu Xiao-Wei , Zuo Zhi-Jun , Lv Yong-Kang
Published: June 2015

The sulfurized processes of H2S on dehydrated (100) and (110) as well as partially hydrated (110) surfaces of γ-Al2O3 were investigated using a periodic density functional theory method.
Violet pigment production from liquid pineapple waste by Chromobacterium violaceum UTM5 and evaluation of its bioactivity
Authors: Aruldass Claira Arul , Rubiyatno Rubiyatno , Venil Chidambaram Kulandaisamy , Ahmad Wan Azlina
Published: June 2015

Liquid pineapple waste, a novel nutritious low cost growth medium. Crude violet pigment shows bioactivity. This is the first report on the production of violet pigment using liquid pineapple waste medium.
Solvent dependent ligand transformation in a dinuclear copper(ii) complex of a compartmental Mannich-base ligand: synthesis, characterization, bio-relevant catalytic promiscuity and magnetic study
Authors: Majumder Ishani , Chakraborty Prateeti , Das Sudhanshu , Kara Hulya , Chattopadhyay Shymal Kumar , Zangrando Ennio , Das Debasis
Published: June 2015

Bio-relevant catalytic promiscuity of a dicopper(ii) complex has been investigated with reference to catecholase and phosphatase activities. Solvent dependent ligand transformation associated with dealkylation followed by redox reaction is explored.
Fouling behavior of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes functionalized with sol–gel formed ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Li Xin , Li Jiansheng , Van der Bruggen Bart , Sun Xiuyun , Shen Jinyou , Han Weiqing , Wang Lianjun
Published: June 2015

The addition of sol–gel formed ZnO nanoparticles endows the PES membrane with an improved antifouling performance, which expands the potential application of UF membrane in drinking water treatment and wastewater reuse.
Caffeic acid attenuates the autocrine IL-6 in hepatocellular carcinoma via the epigenetic silencing of the NF-κB-IL-6-STAT-3 feedback loop
Authors: Wang Lingling , Lu Ming , Yi Mei , Chen Lijun , Shen Jian , Li Zhong , Li Lei , Yang Ye , Zhang Jianping , Li Yuan
Published: June 2015

Our study revealed a novel mechanism in CaA-attenuated autocrine IL-6 through the epigenetic silencing of the NF-κB-IL-6-STAT-3 feedback loop in HCC cells.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of soluble 2,5-diketopiperazines derivatives as potential antifouling agents
Authors: Liao Shengrong , Xu Ying , Tang Yong , Wang Junfeng , Zhou Xuefeng , Xu Liang , Liu Yonghong
Published: June 2015

Based on the natural product cyclo-(l-Phe-l-Pro), a library of environmentally friendly 2,5-diketopiperazines were designed, synthesized and showed strong antifouling activities.
Dopamine derived copper nanocrystals used as an efficient sensing, catalysis and antibacterial agent
Authors: Zou Hong Yan , Lan Jing , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: June 2015

This study developed an innovative and effective method to synthesize highly luminescent dopamine-derived copper nanocrystals (CuNCs) with multifunctional properties.
Eco-friendly superabsorbent composite based on sodium alginate and organo-loess with high swelling properties
Authors: Ma Guofu , Ran Feitian , Yang Qian , Feng Enke , Lei Ziqiang
Published: June 2015

A novel superabsorbent composite with high swelling properties was synthesized by the grafted co-polymerization of partially neutralized acrylic acid (AA) onto a sodium alginate (NaAlg) backbone in the presence of organo-loess.
Origin of catalyst deactivation in atmospheric hydrogenolysis of m-cresol over Fe/HBeta
Authors: Sirous Rezaei Pouya , Shafaghat Hoda , Daud Wan Mohd Ashri Wan
Published: June 2015

The origin of catalyst deactivation in transformation of m-cresol over Fe/HBeta is the tight bond formed between zeolite acid sites and phenol molecules which are produced through demethylation of m-cresol.
Copper(i)-based dye-sensitized solar cells with sterically demanding anchoring ligands: bigger is not always better
Authors: Brauchli Sven Y. , Malzner Frederik J. , Constable Edwin C. , Housecroft Catherine E.
Published: June 2015

DSC performances of [Cu(N⁁Nanchor)(N⁁Nancillary)]+dyes with Ph or Me groups adjacent to the copper-binding site in N⁁Nanchorare compared; electrodes with dyes that bleach are regenerated by reimmersion in dye baths containing N⁁Nanchor.
Chemically grafted graphite nanosheets dispersed in poly(ethylene-glycol) by γ-radiolysis for enhanced lubrication
Authors: Gupta Bhavana , Panda Kalpataru , Kumar Niranjan , Melvin Ambrose A. , Dash Sitaram , Tyagi Ashok Kumar
Published: June 2015

The γ-radiolysis derived chemical grafting of graphite nanosheets with poly(ethylene-glycol) results in a remarkable decrease in the friction coefficient and significantly enhanced antiwear characteristics of steel–steel sliding interfaces.
Copper/β-diketone-catalysed N-arylation of carbazoles
Authors: Chen Fei , Liu Ning , Ji Enhui , Dai Bin
Published: June 2015

A copper/β-diketone-catalysedN-arylation of carbazoles with aryl iodides is developed with broad substrate applicability and moderate to good yields.
Bacterial cellulose-templated synthesis of free-standing silica nanotubes with a three-dimensional network structure
Authors: Wan Yizao , Yang Zhiwei , Xiong Guangyao , Raman Sudha R. , Luo Honglin
Published: June 2015

Free-standing silica nanotubes with a three-dimensional network structure were prepared via a template-assisted sol–gel process by using bacterial cellulose as a template and catalyst and for calcination.
Temperature-responsive nanofibers for controllable oil/water separation
Authors: Wang Yuanfeng , Lai Chuilin , Hu Huawen , Liu Yang , Fei Bin , Xin John H.
Published: June 2015

The fabrication procedures and the temperature-responsive wettability at a water–oil–solid interface of PNIPAAm-RC nanofibers.
Synthesis of MacMillan catalyst modified with ionic liquid as a recoverable catalyst for asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Chauhan ManMohan Singh , Kumar Pramod , Singh Surendra
Published: June 2015

MacMillan catalyst was modified with imidazolium ionic liquid by ester linkage and acts as recoverable and reusable catalyst for asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions.
Correction: Sustainable construction: admicellar catalysed synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines in an aqueous system
Authors: Siddiqui I. R. , Rai Pragati , Rahila Rahila , Sagir Hoezyfa , Singh Prashant
Published: June 2015

Correction for ‘Sustainable construction: admicellar catalysed synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines in an aqueous system' by I. R. Siddiqui et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 27603–27609.
Access to enantioenriched 2,3- and 2,5-dihydrofurans with a fully substituted C2 stereocenter by Pd-catalyzed asymmetric intermolecular Heck reaction
Authors: Borrajo-Calleja Gustavo M. , Bizet Vincent , Bürgi Thomas , Mazet Clément
Published: June 2015

A palladium catalyzed intermolecular asymmetric Heck reaction provides access to valuable 2,3- and 2,5-dihydrofurans with a fully substituted C2 stereocenter with high levels of regio- and enantiocontrol.
Cobalt-carbon nanofibers as an efficient support-free catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction with a systematic study of active site formation
Authors: Kim MinJoong , Nam Do-Hwan , Park Hee-Young , Kwon ChoRong , Eom KwangSup , Yoo SungJong , Jang JongHyun , Kim Hyoung-Juhn , Cho EunAe , Kwon HyukSang
Published: June 2015

We report electrospun Co-carbon nanofibers as an efficient ORR catalyst and a study of active site formation.
Magnéli phase Ti8O15 nanowires as conductive carbon-free energy materials to enhance the electrochemical activity of palladium nanoparticles for direct ethanol oxidation
Authors: Shen Pei Kang , He Chunyong , Chang Shiyong , Huang Xiangdong , Tian Zhiqun
Published: June 2015

Pure single-crystalline Magnéli phase Ti8O15 nanowires (NWs) have been successfully synthesized and show a significantly enhanced activity for the ethanol oxidation reaction and excellent durability.
Terthiophene–C60 dyads as donor/acceptor compatibilizers for developing highly stable P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Raja Rathinam , Liu Wei-Shin , Hsiow Chuen-Yo , Rwei Syang-Peng , Chiu Wen-Yen , Wang Leeyih
Published: June 2015

Terthiophene–C60 dyads can be used as promising compatibilizers to suppress the thermal motion of PCBM inside the P3HT matrix, leading to an extremely robust morphology.
Pathway to high throughput, low cost indium-free transparent electrodes
Authors: Stapleton Andrew J. , Yambem Soniya , Johns Ashley H. , Gibson Christopher T. , Shearer Cameron J. , Ellis Amanda V. , Shapter Joe G. , Andersson Gunther G. , Quinton Jamie S. , Burn Paul L. , Meredith Paul , Lewis David A.
Published: June 2015

A high throughput process is reported for the production of a highly conductive, transparent planar electrode comprising of silver nanowires and single walled carbon nanotubes imbedded into PEDOT:PSS.
Nanorod-aggregated flower-like CuO grown on a carbon fiber fabric for a super high sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensor
Authors: Xu Weina , Dai Shuge , Wang Xue , He Xianming , Wang Mingjun , Xi Yi , Hu Chenguo
Published: June 2015

A novel flexible non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on nanorod-aggregated flower-like CuO grown on a carbon fiber fabric is developed, which displays an excellent electrocatalytic activity and a super high sensitivity due to its multichannels and high conductivity.
Constructing a novel three-dimensional scaffold with mesoporous TiO2 nanotubes for potential bone tissue engineering
Authors: Wan Yizao , Chang Peng , Yang Zhiwei , Xiong Guangyao , Liu Ping , Luo Honglin
Published: June 2015

A novel 3D porous network-structured tissue engineering scaffold built of mesoporous TiO2 nanotubes has been synthesized via the bacterial cellulose-templated sol–gel route followed by calcination.
Comparative study of using different alkali metal alkylcarboxylates as electron injection materials in OLEDs
Authors: Shangguan Ronggang , Mu Guangyuan , Wang Lei , Zhuang Shaoqing , Wangbo Wangbo , Chen Chin H.
Published: June 2015

A comparative study of using alkali metal alkylcarboxylates as electron injection materials for different electron transfer layers in OLEDs is carried out.
Circularly polarized light emission from a chiral nematic phenylterthiophene dimer exhibiting ambipolar carrier transport
Authors: Hamamoto Taichi , Funahashi Masahiro
Published: June 2015

A dimer bearing two phenylterthiophene parts linked by a chiral moiety with a minimized molecular volume has been synthesized.
Novel behaviors of single-crystalline BiFeO3 nanorods hydrothermally synthesized under magnetic field
Authors: Zhou Jian-Ping , Xiao Rui-Juan , Zhang Yu-Xiang , Shi Zhenhua , Zhu Gang-Qiang
Published: June 2015

Enhanced magnetization of single-crystalline BiFeO3 nanowires hydrothermally synthesized under magnetic field.
Delaminated layered rare-earth hydroxide composites with ortho-coumaric acid: color-tunable luminescence and blue emission due to energy transfer
Authors: Su Feifei , Gu Qingyang , Ma Shulan , Sun Genban , Yang Xiaojing , Zhao Li-Dong
Published: June 2015

LRH (R = Tb, Y) composites with ortho-coumaric acid and OS show color-tuning luminescence especially blue luminescence via energy transfer.
Ultrathin graphene: electrical properties and highly efficient electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Cao Mao-Sheng , Wang Xi-Xi , Cao Wen-Qiang , Yuan Jie
Published: June 2015

Ultrathin graphene, a 2D material, demonstrates outstanding features and rapid growth for EMI shielding due to its strong absorption towards electromagnetic waves in composites. It is sought after for communication, electronic devices, information security, electromagnetic pollution defense and healthcare.
Transmission zero controllable bandpass filters with dual and quad‐band
Authors: Xiao Jian‐Kang , Li Yong , Ma Jian‐Guo , Bai Xiao‐Ping
Published: June 2015

Microstrip dual and quad‐band bandpass filters with triangular stepped‐impedance resonators are developed by using separate electric and magnetic coupling paths. Either the magnetic‐dominant coupling or the electric‐dominant coupling generates a transmission zero (TZ) but at different positions and the corresponding TZ can be controlled and adjusted by controlling the electric or magnetic coupling coefficient. Both the electric and the magnetic‐dominant couplings generate a pair of TZs, but the additional coupling resonators are not required. The new designs have been demonstrated by measurement. Advantages of the new filters are not only their compact circuit topologies, miniature circuit sizes, independently controllable filter operation frequencies, but also their controllable TZs.
Real‐time single image dehazing using block‐to‐pixel interpolation and adaptive dark channel prior
Authors: Yu Teng , Riaz Irfan , Piao Jingchun , Shin Hyunchul
Published: June 2015

The authors propose a novel and efficient method for single image dehazing. To accelerate the transmission estimation process, a block‐to‐pixel interpolation method is used for fine dark channel computation, in which the block‐level dark channel is first computed, and then the fine pixel‐level dark channel is obtained by a weighted voting of the block‐level dark channel to preserve edges and smooth out texture noise. This technique can be used for a direct transmission map generation without a computationally expensive refinement step. Since the dark channel prior (DCP) is not valid in bright (sky) regions, they propose an adaptive DCP modelled by a Gaussian curve that produces a more natural recovered image of the sky and other bright regions. In addition, a scaling method for transmission map computation is proposed to further accelerate the dehazing method. Through experiments, they show that the proposed adaptive block‐to‐pixel technique is about 30 times faster and produces improved recovered images than the well‐known state‐of‐the‐art DCP approach.
Breaking through the feed barrier: options for improving forage genetics
Authors: Barrett B. A. , Faville M. J. , Nichols S. N. , Simpson W. R. , Bryan G. T. , Conner A. J.
Published: June 2015

Pasture based on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is the foundation for production and profit in the Australasian pastoral sectors. The improvement of these species offers direct opportunities to enhance sector performance, provided there is good alignment with industry priorities as quantified by means such as the forage value index. However, the rate of forage genetic improvement must increase to sustain industry competitiveness. New forage technologies and breeding strategies that can complement and enhance traditional approaches are required to achieve this. We highlight current and future research in plant breeding, including genomic and gene technology approaches to improve rate of genetic gain. Genomic diversity is the basis of breeding and improvement. Recent advances in the range and focus of introgression from wild Trifolium species have created additional specific options to improve production and resource-use-efficiency traits. Symbiont genetic resources, especially advances in grass fungal endophytes, make a critical contribution to forage, supporting pastoral productivity, with benefits to both pastures and animals in some dairy regions. Genomic selection, now widely used in animal breeding, offers an opportunity to lift the rate of genetic gain in forages as well. Accuracy and relevance of trait data are paramount, it is essential that genomic breeding approaches be linked with robust field evaluation strategies including advanced phenotyping technologies. This requires excellent data management and integration with decision-support systems to deliver improved effectiveness from forage breeding. Novel traits being developed through genetic modification include increased energy content and potential increased biomass in ryegrass, and expression of condensed tannins in forage legumes. These examples from the wider set of research emphasise forage adaptation, yield and energy content, while covering the spectrum from exotic germplasm and symbionts through to advanced breeding strategies and gene technologies. To ensure that these opportunities are realised on farm, continuity of industry-relevant delivery of forage-improvement research is essential, as is sustained research input from the supporting pasture and plant sciences.
Assessment of invasive rodent impacts on island avifauna: methods, limitations and the way forward
Authors: Ruffino Lise , Zarzoso-Lacoste Diane , Vidal Eric
Published: June 2015

Bird conservation is nowadays a strong driving force for prioritising rodent eradications, but robust quantitative estimates of impacts are needed to ensure cost-effectiveness of management operations. Here, we review the published literature to investigate on what methodological basis rodent effects on island bird communities have been evaluated for the past six decades. We then discuss the advantages and limitations of each category of methods for the detection and quantification of impacts, and end with some recommendations on how to strengthen current approaches and extend our knowledge on the mechanisms of impacts. Impact studies (152 studies considered) emphasised seabirds (67%), black rats (63%) and the Pacific Ocean (57%). Among the most commonly used methods to study rodent impacts on birds were the observation of dead eggs or empty nests while monitoring bird breeding success, and the analyses of rodent diets, which can both lead to misleading conclusions if the data are not supported by direct field evidence of rodent predation. Direct observations of rodent–bird interactions (19% of studies) are still poorly considered despite their potential to reveal cryptic behaviours and shed light on the mechanisms of impacts. Rodent effects on birds were most often measured as a change or difference in bird breeding parameters (74% of studies), while estimates of bird population growth rates (4%) are lacking. Based on the outcomes of this literature review, we highlight the need for collecting unbiased population-level estimates of rodent impacts, which are essential prerequisites for predicting bird population growth scenarios and prioritising their conservation needs. This could be achieved by a more systematic integration of long-term monitoring of bird populations into rodent management operations and modelling bird population dynamics. We also strongly recommend including various complementary methods in impact assessment strategies to unravel complex interactions between rodents and birds and avoid faulty evidence. Finally, more research should be devoted to a better understanding of the cases of non-impacts (i.e. long-term coexistence) and those impacts mediated by mechanisms other than predation and ecosystem-level processes.
Rank-finiteness for modular categories
Authors: Bruillard Paul , Ng Siu-Hung , Rowell Eric , Wang Zhenghan
Published: June 2015

We prove a rank-finiteness conjecture for modular categories: up to equivalence, there are only finitely many modular categories of any fixed rank. Our technical advance is a generalization of the Cauchy theorem in group theory to the context of spherical fusion categories. For a modular categoryC\mathcal {C}withN=ord(T)N= \textrm {ord}(T), the order of the modularTT-matrix, the Cauchy theorem says that the set of primes dividing the global quantum dimensionD2D^2in the Dedekind domainZ[e2πiN]\mathbb {Z}[e^{\frac {2\pi i}{N}}]is identical to that ofNN.
Finiteness of the polyhedral ℚ-codegree spectrum
Authors: Paffenholz Andreas
Published: June 2015

In this note we prove Fujita’s spectrum conjecture for polarized varieties in the case of

Q

\mathbb {Q}

-Gorenstein projective toric varieties of index

r
r

. The theorem follows from a combinatorial result using the connection between lattice polytopes and polarized projective toric varieties. By this correspondence the spectral value of the polarized toric variety equals the

Q

\mathbb {Q}

-codegree of the polytope. Now the main theorem of the paper shows that the spectrum of the

Q

\mathbb {Q}

-codegree is finite above any positive threshold in the class of lattice polytopes with

α
\alpha

-canonical normal fan for any fixed

α
>
0

\alpha >0

.
The Connes embedding property for quantum group von Neumann algebras
Authors: Brannan Michael , Collins Benoît , Vergnioux Roland
Published: June 2015

For a compact quantum group

G

\mathbb {G}

of Kac type, we study the existence of a Haar trace-preserving embedding of the von Neumann algebra

L
∞

(

G

)

L^\infty (\mathbb {G})

into an ultrapower of the hyperfinite II

1

_1

-factor (the Connes embedding property for

L
∞

(

G

)

L^\infty (\mathbb {G})

). We establish a connection between the Connes embedding property for

L
∞

(

G

)

L^\infty (\mathbb {G})

and the structure of certain quantum subgroups of

G

\mathbb {G}

and use this to prove that the II

1

_1

-factors

L
∞

(

O
N
+

)

L^\infty (O_N^+)

and

L
∞

(

U
N
+

)

L^\infty (U_N^+)

associated to the free orthogonal and free unitary quantum groups have the Connes embedding property for all

N
≥
4

N \ge 4

. As an application, we deduce that the free entropy dimension of the standard generators of

L
∞

(

O
N
+

)

L^\infty (O_N^+)

equals

1
1

for all

N
≥
4

N \ge 4

. We also mention an application of our work to the problem of classifying the quantum subgroups of

O
N
+

O_N^+

.
Musical Theater(s)
Authors: Scott Derek B.
Published: June 2015

It is not structural features, but the presence of styles associated with commerce or entertainment that play the crucial role in separating musical theater from opera. In this chapter, three stage works from the late twentieth century are examined in order to compare what distinguishes opera from musical in finer detail. Each of these works, Sweeney Todd, Les Misérables, and Phantom of the Opera, may be regarded as having operatic aspirations, yet it is argued that they remain firmly within a musical-theatrical tradition that has embraced popular styles of music, characterized by features and techniques that frequently jar with those of the operatic tradition.
Musical Dramaturgy
Authors: Colas Damien
Published: June 2015

To some students, it is obvious that the libretto is the main structure of an opera and music illustrates it. Addressing this intuitive principle, unfounded and easily shown to be false, Carl Dahlhaus opposed the idea that music is at the origin of the drama in opera. This new paradigm, called the “fundamental proposition of musical dramaturgy,” makes it possible to avoid the dramaturgical contradictions of the libretto as it provides a more satisfactory analytical perspective. This essay compares the two approaches in two case studies, the musical representation of madness and of a scandal. It shows that the invention of new tools of musical dramaturgy always proceeded, throughout the history of opera, from a greater exploration of the particular resources of musical language and an a posteriori rationalization within the theory of imitation. Wagner’s combination of several dramaturgical functions in the leitmotif is an important case.
Versification
Authors: Giger Andreas
Published: June 2015

To a nineteenth-century opera composer, the related terms of versification and prosody implied not only a set of rules to which to adhere but a set of rhetorical choices with distinct dramatic consequences. This chapter discusses samples from the French, German, and Italian repertory, focusing on Verdi’s I due Foscari, Les vêpres siciliennes, and Don Carlos; Adam’s Le brasseur de Preston; Wagner’s Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg; and Weber’s Der Freischütz, interpreting the choices at a composer’s disposal. It shows that these choices can underscore the rhetoric of an aria or phrase, contribute to the caricature of a character, play a role in determining what version of a particular text should be the principal one, and contribute to an understanding of the reasons that an opera is more effective in its original language than in translation.
The German Libretto of the Early Nineteenth Century
Authors: Warrack John
Published: June 2015

This chapter discusses the attempts by German composers in the early nineteenth century to create a distinctively German form of opera, in particular by the closer association of words and music in the goal of forming a unified work of art through the emergence and increasing importance of motive as a creative tool. The discussion will address works by composers, critics, and librettists such as E.T.A. Hoffmann, Johann Nepomuk Poissl, Carl Maria von Weber, and Helmina von Chezy. Specific topics to be addressed include the libretto, versification, and musical motive.
Opera between the Ancients and the Moderns
Authors: Heller Wendy
Published: June 2015

This chapter situates opera in the context of the battle between the ancients and the moderns that was waged particularly in the realm of literature during the critical years of the genre’s development in Italy. Taking into account the writings of such champions of modernity as Tassoni, Lancellotti, and Boccalini, as well as examples from mid-seventeenth-century Venice, the chapter proposes that opera’s expressive power is a result not so much of its relative success or failure in adhering to the humanist ideals of its Florentine creators, so embedded in operatic historiography, but rather in the perennial tension between ancient precepts and modern fantasies, manifest in the genre’s often playful engagement with anachronism. The chapter concludes with a glimpse at the complex and often contradictory treatment of the ancients in the twentieth century, exemplified by Strauss’s Ariadne auf Naxos and Henze’s The Bassarids.
Rehearsal Practices
Authors: Everist Mark
Published: June 2015

Recent studies have considered piano-vocal arrangements and two-hand versions of opera an important part of their reception, focusing on and rightly stressing their importance for domestic consumption. This chapter considers the importance of individual published numbers used for the purposes of rehearsal. For opéra comique, this was largely unproblematic since published vocal extracts largely included all the music, with the rest recoverable from the printed libretto. The case of grand opéra was much less clear since published extracts frequently excluded recitatives that could involve some of the most taxing moments in the work. The issues are clarified by an examination of surviving volumes, with a case study based around Halévy’s La juive (1835) and Charles VI (1843), and Flotow’s L’âme en peine (1846), as rehearsed by the artist who took the roles of Eudoxie, Isabelle de Bavière, and Paola sometime in the late 1840s or early 1850s.
Production Aesthetics and Materials
Authors: Syer Katherine
Published: June 2015

Enhanced attention has been paid in recent decades to opera production history. As staging and design practices evolved from the use of stock sets at the end of the seventeenth century to more detailed, elaborate, and individualistic production plans for Parisian grand opera and other nineteenth-century repertoire—especially Verdi and Wagner—the need to document the mise en scène, in the form of staging manuals and other records, naturally increased. This study examines some of the historical conditions and records of the visual aspects of opera over four centuries, including lighting, scenography, choreography, and stage direction.
Historically Informed Performance
Authors: Hunter Mary
Published: June 2015

This chapter argues that the concept of a “historically informed performance” is necessarily different for opera from what it is for instrumental music. Unlike most instrumental music, opera tells a more or less historically grounded story and represents a more or less historically specific time and place, where there are modern human beings in character on the stage, and the sympathies of the audience need to be actively engaged if the performance is to be successful. Because of these parameters, the question of historicity in opera performance can only usefully be examined by taking the visual (including gestural), sonic, and ideological domains as separate systems. Case studies at the end of the chapter illustrate several ways in which these domains can interact to produce different kinds of historical informedness.
Opera Composition and Cultural Environment
Authors: Betz Marianne
Published: June 2015

This chapter focuses on the obstacles that hindered some composers from attempting composition of opera, or giving up after a single failed attempt. Several composers, often from a Protestant surrounding, such as Bach and Brahms, stayed “non-opera” composers. Others, like Schumann, felt drawn to the genre but failed, while a third group, for example Weber, grew up imbibing theater and thus succeeded in opera quite naturally. The laborious development of American opera in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries raises the awareness for operatic conditions: In spite of the ventures of prolific turn-of-the-century composers like Paine, Beach, and Chadwick, none became theAmerican composer of opera. In Boston, otherwise a musical hub, religious and moral anti-stage sentiments had hindered the emergence of an opera life and of operatic networks. Consequently, Boston-affiliated composers hardly gained experience with stage genres and lacked both role models and integration into networks.
Audiences
Authors: Cowart Georgia
Published: June 2015

The subject of opera audiences as a field of study emerged in the 1990s, in the wake of the “cultural turn” of the previous two decades. This essay surveys the history of the opera audience as it moved from court to urban settings in the seventeenth century; as it reflected the transition from “event” to “work” aesthetic in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; and as it came to represent an urban class structure as well as the interests of special groups such as women and opera queens. The chapter concludes with a case study using staged depictions of French opera audiences c.1700 in the comedy-ballet, opera, and opera-ballet of Lully, Molière, and Campra, and in the paintings of Watteau as models for an audience-centered, as opposed to a sovereign-centered, aesthetic and ideology.
Religion
Authors: Rosenberg Jesse
Published: June 2015

This chapter examines the equivocal status of religion within opera and operatic discourse with reference to the following themes: (1) the long-standing supposition of opera as an inherently secular genre, (2) the significance of pagan religion in operas based on classical myths, (3) religion as a focus of operatic censorship, (4) the use of biblical and other religious figures as allegorical representations of political ideas, (5) prayer in opera, (6) the determining influence of religious attitudes of composers and librettists, and (7) the normative function of Roman Catholic attitudes toward celibacy and religious vocation as underpinning traditional representations of religion in opera.
Censorship
Authors: Izzo Francesco
Published: June 2015

Since its inception, opera has often been produced in closely controlled contexts, in which rulers and other agents exert considerable control over all aspects of operatic production. That control often extends to the subject matter and verbal content of opera, selected, altered, or suppressed by political or religious authorities in a variety of contexts. This chapter surveys extant scholarship on the censorship of opera and examines examples drawn from different historical periods and milieux, concentrating in particular on Risorgimento Italy. La lega lombarda, a libretto by Antonio Meucci written for Rome in 1846 and published in Paris after its performance was prohibited for political reasons, is used as a case study to explore the productive ramifications of operatic censorship. In many instances, the latter is best understood as displacement rather than mere suppression.
The Operatic Canon
Authors: Parakilas James A.
Published: June 2015

The operatic canon is not so much a list of favored repertory as a system of cultural upbringing for performers and opera-goers (and the public in general). Over the four centuries of operatic history, the canonizing process has shifted from remakes of dramatic subjects and texts (libretti) to the perpetuation of particular musical settings (and at times their original stagings), turning opera houses into repertory houses and prompting composers to write toward the canon. Canonizing systems of journalism and domestication in the first centuries of opera have more recently been amplified by scholarship and new media of transmission, both of which have extended and transformed the teaching and experience of opera as a canon, as well as fostering evolution in the canonic repertory.
Sources
Authors: Fairtile Linda B.
Published: June 2015

This chapter explores issues relevant to the study of operatic sources: libretti, sketches, drafts, manuscript scores, performing parts, and other production materials. It demonstrates how these documents have facilitated the discovery of relationships between composer and performer, physical structure and content, and original and revision, among others. In addition to illuminating artistic decisions, source materials are also shown to reflect the pragmatic nature of operatic production, as commercial enterprise, political battleground, and social barometer. Italian, German, English, Russian, and American composers are represented, with emphasis on works from the nineteenth century. The chapter also addresses the challenges that technology presents for the study of compositional process in contemporary operas.
Reconstructions
Authors: Brauner Charles S.
Published: June 2015

One task of musicology has been the recovery of operas believed lost, the principal example being Rossini’s Il viaggio a Reims, whose reconstruction depended on a series of surmises and archival discoveries. Related topics include completion of unfinished operas (Berg’s Lulu, Schoenberg’s Moses und Aron, and especially Puccini’s Turandot and the composer’s drafts and sketches for the ending); reversion of operas to earlier states after the composers’ revisions (returning Verdi’s Un ballo in maschera to Gustavo III); conflation of different versions of an opera (Mozart’s Don Giovanni, Beethoven’s Fidelio, and especially Monteverdi’s L’incoronazione di Poppea). These issues converge in Offenbach’s Les contes d’Hoffmann, left in particularly chaotic condition at the composer’s death in 1880 and with a complex posthumous history that blended the authentic and inauthentic; the chaos and posthumous history are only now being untangled by Michael Kaye, in a new edition co-edited with Jean-Christoph Keck.
After the Canon
Authors: Fink Robert
Published: June 2015

Can opera as drama save classical music? Pierre Boulez famously proposed “blowing up all the opera houses” in 1967, and the relationship between the avant-garde and opera has been adversarial for most of the twentieth century. But in recent years interest in contemporary opera has exploded, leading critics like Joseph Kerman to proclaim that music drama proves the continuing vitality of the classical music canon. A study of the two major US productions of John Adams’s Doctor Atomic shows the pitfalls of relying on literature and drama to “sell” twenty-first-century opera as classical music: weaknesses in the libretto and staging led many intellectuals who attended the opera to dismiss it—and opera as a genre—in the harshest possible terms, reopening questions about the propriety of setting dramatic texts to music that composers had thought settled in their favor by the end of the seventeenth century.
Composing Opera
Authors: Heggie Jake
Published: June 2015

Composing opera in the twenty-first century might not be all that different from how it was done four hundred years ago. In this chapter, American opera composer Jake Heggie (Dead Man Walking) takes the reader on a journey toward the realization of a new opera using his own recent work, Moby-Dick, as a case study. Comments from American composers John Adams, Philip Glass, Mark Adamo, Stewart Wallace, and the late Daniel Catán also inform the chapter, which takes into consideration how composers choose stories for operas, how commissions work, and how opera companies are involved in key decisions on librettists, scoring, singers, and the timing of it all.
The Indaba in African Values-Based Practice
Authors: van Staden C.W. , Fulford K. W. M.
Published: June 2015

This chapter shows how a particular kind of meeting, called in isiZulu the indaba, contributes toBatho Pele, an African values-based practice. First, it explores the challenge of values diversity, including what it means to respect diversity of values, and the different responses to the challenge from regulatory ethics and from values-based practice. It then explores the challenge of diversity in an African context through the story of a real (though biographically disguised) person, Ms. Precious Pelo, her family members and clinicians. Ms. Pelo’s story shows the need for substantive (process-focused) rather than merely executive (outcomes-focused) communicative processes in responding to the challenge of values diversity in clinical decision-making. Finally, it describes part of an indaba convened for Ms. Pelo, its opening minutes illustrating many of the key features ofBatho Pele. We conclude with an indication of the potential role of indabas in other areas of values-based practice.
Values-Based Psychiatric Ethics
Authors: Sadler John Z.
Published: June 2015

This chapter provides a detailed argument as to why philosophical ethics is a problematic starting point for theorizing psychiatric ethics practice. Following this critique, the author reviews values-based practice (VBP) as offering a practice framework to theorize the particular domain of psychiatric ethics practice. Values-based psychiatric ethics (VBPE) is based upon VBP and focuses on the role of clinician virtue, as well as analytic and clinical skills in working with stakeholders, a “trumps-hierarchy” heuristic which identifies hidden personal and social values, as well as social power structures, and a focus on technique and immediate practical “doing” in clinical encounters. Detailed examples of application are provided.
Raising Rivals’ Costs
Authors: Scheffman David , Higgins Richard S.
Published: June 2015

RRC analysis principally focuses on a market with a dominant firm that is assumed to have significant market power, independent of any cost-raising strategies. The fundamental insight of the RRC theory is that increases in rivals’ marginal costs will lead the rivals to reduce their output relative to an initial equilibrium level. The dominant firm also experiences an increase in marginal cost that, other things equal, reduces its profits. RRC may not be profitable and, as a matter of economic theory, the net consumer-welfare effects of profitable cost-raising strategies are ambiguous. It is important to understand this theoretical ambiguity, particularly when evaluating the potential for vertical mergers to be anticompetitive.
Continental Drift in the Treatment of Dominant Firms
Authors: Schinkel Maarten Pieter , LaRocuhe Pierre
Published: June 2015

This chapter compares the concepts of monopolization and abuse of dominance as in Section 2 of the Sherman Act and Article 102 of the TFEU, respectively. After identifying a number of distinctive features in wording and interpretation—including the special responsibility of the dominant firm, competition of the merits, and protection of the competitive process—the chapter discusses three lines of argument to explain these differences. The first builds on ordoliberalism, with its concern for the absence of market power and for the resilience of competitive markets, which influenced EU competition law from the very beginning. The second line of argument derives from the observation that public competition law enforcement is fallible, which self-enforcement could remedy. The third argument explains some of these differences via innovation, whereby Article 102 would reflect a European perspective on innovation. We subsequently return to the underutilized EU category of exploitative abuses and argue that economic techniques developed in the context of damages litigation could open it up for future enforcement in a way that would be in line with ordoliberal principles, properly understood.
Business Strategy and Antitrust Policy
Authors: Mazzeo Michael , McDevitt Ryan
Published: June 2015

Business strategy is fundamentally about firm decision-making. Antitrust policy and enforcement, in turn, evaluate the decisions made by firms and the market outcomes that result. To the extent that firms’ decisions will be scrutinized ex post, managers must understand how antitrust concerns might constrain their actions and, thus, suggest alternative optimal decisions. Owing to this importance, most business strategy courses broach the subject of antitrust, and managers frequently confer with antitrust attorneys when making important strategic decisions. Correspondingly, it is also useful for the antitrust community to understand how firms use the concepts and frameworks of business strategy to make the decisions that they will be evaluating. Business strategy maintains a holistic orientation, drawing on traditional functional areas such as operations, finance, accounting, and marketing to inform the firm’s overarching direction.
Resale Price Maintenance of Online Retailing
Authors: Klein Benjamin
Published: June 2015

Manufacturers use resale price maintenance even when there is no free-riding as a way to compensate retailers efficiently for promotional services (such as stocking, shelf space, and point-of-sale selling efforts) that induce incremental manufacturer sales. Retailers must be separately compensated by manufacturers for supplying these promotional services when the services have large interbrand and small interretailer demand effects, and hence retailers have significant discretion regarding which manufacturer’s products they distribute and promote. Retailer price discounting, especially by online retailers, has the potential to disrupt the manufacturer’s purchase of effective retail distribution by reducing retailer compensation and consequently the promotional services retailers devote to the sale of the manufacturer’s products. Implications of this analysis for the design of efficient retail distribution that includes online retailing are described under current US and EU antitrust law conditions.
Cartels and Collusion
Authors: Choi Jay Pil , Gerlach Heiko
Published: June 2015

This chapter provides a selective review of economic theory and experimental evidence on cartels and collusion. In particular, it highlights the role of incentives in collusion and cartel formation and identifies conditions that are conducive to collusive behavior. It then discusses enforcement against collusion with a particular focus on the recent work on leniency programs and cartel screening. Finally, we look at experimental evidence on cartel formation and the effects of competition policy.
Competition Policy for Industry Standards
Authors: Gilbert Richard
Published: June 2015

Compatibility standards create consumer benefits by enabling components to interoperate and allowing suppliers of compatible components to achieve efficiencies from scale and network effects. Quality and safety standards inform consumers and can prevent the sale of shoddy or potentially hazardous products. However, standards can impose costs in some situations by limiting consumer choice. Furthermore, the activity of standard setting often involves cooperation among competitors and may facilitate the exercise of market power. This chapter surveys competition issues raised by the development of industry standards, whether accomplished through a formal standard-setting committee structure or by the activities of a single sponsor. A particular focus is on the implications for competition and consumer welfare when products that implement a standard may infringe proprietary intellectual property rights.