bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Impacts of the 2020 Flood on Crop Production and Food Security in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Wang Liang-Chen , Hoang Duc Vinh , Liou Yuei-An
Published: June 2022

This study uses satellite imagery and geospatial data to examine the impact of floods over the main planting areas for double-cropping rice and grain crops in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. During summer 2020, a long-lasting 62-day heavy rainfall caused record-breaking floods over large areas of China, especially the Yangtze basin. Through close examination of Sentinel-1/2 satellite imagery and Copernicus Global Land Cover, between July and August 2020, the inundation area reached 21,941 and 23,063 km2, and the crop-affected area reached 11,649 and 11,346 km2, respectively. We estimated that approximately 4.66 million metric tons of grain crops were seriously affected in these two months. While the PRC government denied that food security existed, the number of Grains and Feeds imported from the U.S. between January to July 2021 increased by 316%. This study shows that with modern remote sensing techniques, stakeholders can obtain critical estimates of large-scale disaster events much earlier than other indicators, such as disaster field surveys or crop price statistics. Potential use could include but is not limited to monitoring floods and land use coverage changes.
Movie Recommender Systems: Concepts, Methods, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Jayalakshmi Sambandam , Ganesh Narayanan , Čep Robert , Senthil Murugan Janakiraman
Published: June 2022

Movie recommender systems are meant to give suggestions to the users based on the features they love the most. A highly performing movie recommendation will suggest movies that match the similarities with the highest degree of performance. This study conducts a systematic literature review on movie recommender systems. It highlights the filtering criteria in the recommender systems, algorithms implemented in movie recommender systems, the performance measurement criteria, the challenges in implementation, and recommendations for future research. Some of the most popular machine learning algorithms used in movie recommender systems such as K-means clustering, principal component analysis, and self-organizing maps with principal component analysis are discussed in detail. Special emphasis is given to research works performed using metaheuristic-based recommendation systems. The research aims to bring to light the advances made in developing the movie recommender systems, and what needs to be performed to reduce the current challenges in implementing the feasible solutions. The article will be helpful to researchers in the broad area of recommender systems as well as practicing data scientists involved in the implementation of such systems.
A Novel Method for Detecting Ferromagnetic Wear Debris with High Flow Velocity
Authors: Wang Feng , Liu Zhijian , Ren Xiaojing , Wu Sen , Meng Meilin , Wang Yulin , Pan Xinxiang
Published: June 2022

Inductance detection is an important method for detecting wear debris in ship lubricating oil. Presently, an LCR (inductance, resistance, capacitance) meter is generally used to detect wear debris by measuring the inductance change of the sensing coil. When ferromagnetic debris passes through the sensing coil, a pulse will appear in the inductance signal. Previous studies have shown that the amplitude of the inductance pulse decreases significantly with the increase in the particles’ velocity. Therefore, it is difficult to detect ferromagnetic debris with a high flow velocity using an LCR meter. In this paper, a novel method, high-frequency voltage acquisition (HFVA), is proposed to detect ferromagnetic debris. Different from previous methods, the wear debris was detected directly by measuring the voltage change of the sensing coil, while the synchronized sampling method was utilized to ensure the higher-frequency acquisition of the sensor output signal. The experimental results show that when the velocity of particles increased from 6 mm/s to 62 mm/s, the amplitude of the signal pulse obtained by HFVA decreased by only 13%, which was much lower than the 85% obtained by utilizing the LCR method.
Recent Progress in the Topologies of the Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors and the Corresponding Electronic Processing Circuits
Authors: Aleksandrova Mariya , Badarov Dimiter
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we present an overview of the latest achievements in surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors for gas or liquid fluid, with a focus on the electrodes’ topology and signal processing, as related to the application of the sensing device. Although the progress in this field is mainly due to advances in the materials science and the sensing coatings, the interdigital (IDT) electrodes’ organization is also an important tool for setting the acoustic-wave-distribution mode, and, thus, for improvement of the SAW performance. The signal-conditioning system is of practical interest, as the implementation of the SAW, as a compact and mobile system is dependent on this electronic circuit. The precision of the detection of the SAW platform is related not only to the IDT electrodes’ geometry but also to their location around the sensing layer. The most commonly used architectures are shown in the present paper. Finally, we identify the needs for the future improvement of these prospective sensors.
The Advances in Computer Vision That Are Enabling More Autonomous Actions in Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Gumbs Andrew A. , Grasso Vincent , Bourdel Nicolas , Croner Roland , Spolverato Gaya , Frigerio Isabella , Illanes Alfredo , Abu Hilal Mohammad , Park Adrian , Elyan Eyad
Published: June 2022

This is a review focused on advances and current limitations of computer vision (CV) and how CV can help us obtain to more autonomous actions in surgery. It is a follow-up article to one that we previously published in Sensors entitled, “Artificial Intelligence Surgery: How Do We Get to Autonomous Actions in Surgery?” As opposed to that article that also discussed issues of machine learning, deep learning and natural language processing, this review will delve deeper into the field of CV. Additionally, non-visual forms of data that can aid computerized robots in the performance of more autonomous actions, such as instrument priors and audio haptics, will also be highlighted. Furthermore, the current existential crisis for surgeons, endoscopists and interventional radiologists regarding more autonomy during procedures will be discussed. In summary, this paper will discuss how to harness the power of CV to keep doctors who do interventions in the loop.
Step Climbing Control of Snake Robot with Prismatic Joints
Authors: Iguchi Yuta , Nakajima Mizuki , Ariizumi Ryo , Tanaka Motoyasu
Published: June 2022

The ultimate goal of this research study is to perform continuous rather than sequential movements of prismatic joints for effective motion of a snake robot with prismatic joints in a complex terrain. We present herein a control method for robotic step climbing. This method is composed of two parts: the first involves the shift reference generator that generates the joint motion for climbing a step, and the other is use of the trajectory tracking controller, which generates the joint motion for the head to track the target trajectory. In this method, prismatic joints are divided into those that are directly controlled for climbing a step and those that are represented as redundancies. By directly controlling the link length, it is possible to prevent the trailing part from back motion when climbing a step, and to avoid a singular configuration in the parts represented as redundancies. A snake robot that has rotational and prismatic joints and can move in three-dimensions was developed, and the effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated by experiments using this robot. In the experiment, it was confirmed that the proposed method realizes the step climbing, and the link length limitation using the sigmoid function works effectively.
Duty-Cycle Electronically Tunable Triangular/Square Wave Generator Using LT1228 Commercially Available ICs for Capacitive Sensor Interfacing
Authors: Silapan Phamorn , Choykhuntod Pawich , Kaewon Rapeepan , Jaikla Winai
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes a duty-cycle electronically tunable triangular/square wave generator using LT1228 commercially available ICs for capacitive sensor interfacing. The generator comprises two LT1228s, a grounded resistor, and a grounded capacitor. The circuit provides two output signals which are triangular and square waves. Both signals are regulated by adjusting the current bias. Likewise, the amplitude of the triangular signal can be tuned electronically without affecting the frequency. In addition, the square wave can independently control the linear duty cycle via tuning the voltage. Experiment results confirm the performance of the proposed circuit that the amplitude of the triangular wave, frequency, and duty cycle are linearly controllable via current or voltage, which do not affect each other. The duty cycle, the amplitude of the triangular wave, and frequency have maximum errors of ±1.60%, ±3.33%, and ±2.55%, respectively.
A Systematic Review of Wi-Fi and Machine Learning Integration with Topic Modeling Techniques
Authors: Atzeni Daniele , Bacciu Davide , Mazzei Daniele , Prencipe Giuseppe
Published: June 2022

Wireless networks have drastically influenced our lifestyle, changing our workplaces and society. Among the variety of wireless technology, Wi-Fi surely plays a leading role, especially in local area networks. The spread of mobiles and tablets, and more recently, the advent of Internet of Things, have resulted in a multitude of Wi-Fi-enabled devices continuously sending data to the Internet and between each other. At the same time, Machine Learning has proven to be one of the most effective and versatile tools for the analysis of fast streaming data. This systematic review aims at studying the interaction between these technologies and how it has developed throughout their lifetimes. We used Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore databases to retrieve paper abstracts and leveraged a topic modeling technique, namely, BERTopic, to analyze the resulting document corpus. After these steps, we inspected the obtained clusters and computed statistics to characterize and interpret the topics they refer to. Our results include both the applications of Wi-Fi sensing and the variety of Machine Learning algorithms used to tackle them. We also report how the Wi-Fi advances have affected sensing applications and the choice of the most suitable Machine Learning models.
Enhanced Anomaly Detection System for IoT Based on Improved Dynamic SBPSO
Authors: Sarwar Asima , Alnajim Abdullah M. , Marwat Safdar Nawaz Khan , Ahmed Salman , Alyahya Saleh , Khan Waseem Ullah
Published: June 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) supports human endeavors by creating smart environments. Although the IoT has enabled many human comforts and enhanced business opportunities, it has also opened the door to intruders or attackers who can exploit the technology, either through attacks or by eluding it. Hence, security and privacy are the key concerns for IoT networks. To date, numerous intrusion detection systems (IDS) have been designed for IoT networks, using various optimization techniques. However, with the increase in data dimensionality, the search space has expanded dramatically, thereby posing significant challenges to optimization methods, including particle swarm optimization (PSO). In light of these challenges, this paper proposes a method called improved dynamic sticky binary particle swarm optimization (IDSBPSO) for feature selection, introducing a dynamic search space reduction strategy and a number of dynamic parameters to enhance the searchability of sticky binary particle swarm optimization (SBPSO). Through this approach, an IDS was designed to detect malicious data traffic in IoT networks. The proposed model was evaluated using two IoT network datasets: IoTID20 and UNSW-NB15. It was observed that in most cases, IDSBPSO obtained either higher or similar accuracy even with less number of features. Moreover, IDSBPSO substantially reduced computational cost and prediction time, compared with conventional PSO-based feature selection methods.
Multi-Objective Optimal Planning for Distribution Network Considering the Uncertainty of PV Power and Line-Switch State
Authors: Gong Li , Wang Xianpei , Tian Meng , Yao Hongtai , Long Jiachuan
Published: June 2022

With the construction of the smart grid, the distribution network with high penetration of the photovoltaic (PV) generator relies more and more on cyber systems to achieve active control; thus, the uncertainty of PV power and the line-switch state will inevitably affect the distribution network. To avoid the situation, a min–max multi-objective two-level planning model is proposed. Firstly, the uncertainty of PV power is considered, and a multi-time PV power model is established. Followed by the analysis of the line-switch state uncertainty in the distribution network, and according to Claude Shannon’s information theory, the line-switch state uncertainty model is established under multiple scenarios. After the distribution network reconfiguration, the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method is used to determine the line-switch state when the uncertainty budget is different. Finally, considering the worstcase by the uncertainty of PV power and line-switch status, the control model is proposed to improve the stability of the distribution network with the minimal maintenance cost. The model feasibility is verified by the test system and the characteristics of PV power uncertainty, the line-switch state uncertainty is analyzed, and the influence of the scheduling strategy is discussed, thus providing practical technical support for the distribution network.
August Vollmer, Traffic in Women, and the Theory of Organized Crime
Authors: Knepper Paul
Published: June 2022

During the 1920s, the League of Nations carried out the first intercontinental investigation into the traffic in women. Although this work is virtually unknown in criminology, the investigators, William Snow and Bascom Johnson, formulated the conceptual language of “trafficking” used today. It was also during the 1920s that Frederick Thrasher and John Landesco published their pioneering works on “organized crime” drawing on research in Chicago. The advantages of the League’s model can be seen in the response to a 1924 report of a white slave traffic ring in Los Angeles by August Vollmer, the celebrated founder of professionalism in American policing. Vollmer’s language of a white slave traffic ring in Los Angeles recalls a nineteenth-century understanding of traffic in women but previews the illegal enterprise model that emerges from the industrial city. Drawing on their understanding of crime in port cities, Snow and Johnson situate the traffic in women within a social networks model. Vollmer looked for the spider, Snow and Johnson looked at the web.
Is Implementing a Biotech Ban Correct or Not? Analysis of Farmer Perceptions and Attitudes on the Philippine Supreme Court’s Ban on Biotech Crops
Authors: Gonzalvo Clarisse Mendoza , Aala Wilson Jr. Florendo , Maharjan Keshav Lall
Published: June 2022

Several studies have explored the effects of restrictive policies in different case-use instances; however, studies focusing on restrictive agricultural policies and their effects on major stakeholders are scarce. While the Philippines has been increasing its support for biotech-related technologies in agriculture, such as the recent approval of Golden Rice and Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) eggplant for cultivation, the years prior to 2020 have not been as lenient in the acceptance of biotech crops. This paper explored the perceptions and attitudes of biotech corn farmers on the Philippine Supreme Court’s ban on biotech crops in 2015 and discussed how this restrictive agricultural policy could affect rural Filipino communities. A bifurcation was observed regarding the farmers’ ban perception, with almost half indicating that implementing the ban was an incorrect decision. The effects of the decision-making stages and influential factors on farmers’ perceived correctness of the ban were modeled using ordinal logistic regression and Spearman correlation. It was observed that while farmers’ initial instinct is directly related to their ban perception, succeeding decision-making stages enforce the notion of a pragmatic point of view leading to innate resistance effects towards the ban. Furthermore, internal factors (such as income and satisfaction) and external family-related factors perturb their ban perception. This information can offer guidance on how future restrictive agricultural policies may be framed to avoid conflicting interests between policymakers and stakeholders. This also highlights the need to understand farmer perspectives and attitudes to gain critical information regarding technology adoption and development.
Research on the Jobs-Housing Balance of Residents in Peri-Urbanization Areas in China: A Case Study of Zoucheng County
Authors: Zhang Haonan , Zhao Hu , Meng Saisai , Zhang Yanghua
Published: June 2022

In the process of urbanization, peri-urbanization is a unique phenomenon in China. For residents living in peri-urbanization areas, realizing the balance between workplace and living space is not only a crucial guarantee for them to secure livelihood but also an important criterion to measure the quality of China’s urbanization. Based on the questionnaire data distributed by the research group in Zoucheng County, China, in 2021, this study measures the degree of jobs-housing balance in county area by constructing the benefit index of jobs-housing balance and explores factors affecting the jobs-housing balance in county area by using logistic regression, random forest classification, and regression tree. Results: Firstly, with 57% of the residents have achieved the standard, the level of jobs-housing balance in Zoucheng County is relatively high. Secondly, individual, household and built environment dimensions jointly affect jobs-housing balance of residents. Furthermore, at the current stage of China’s county areas, household is not the core dimension influencing jobs-housing balance. Thirdly, factors that passed the significance test can be divided into three categories: key factors, important factors, and auxiliary factors. Occupation type, commuting way and residential location are the key factors affecting the jobs-housing balance, which deserve our attention. Therefore, according to the above conclusions, relevant suggestions for promoting jobs-housing balance of residents in county area were put forward. For instance, considering the diverse occupation of local residents, employments that match their skills should be offered, and as for peri-urbanization areas, the regulatory of jobs-housing balance should be placed in urban and rural areas.
Framework for Planning and Evaluation of Nature-Based Solutions for Water in Peri-Urban Areas
Authors: de Lima Ana Paula Morais , Rodrigues Aline F. , Latawiec Agnieszka Ewa , Dib Viviane , Gomes Fernanda D. , Maioli Veronica , Pena Ingrid , Tubenchlak Fernanda , Rebelo Alanna J. , Esler Karen J. , Oen Amy M. P. , Ramírez-Agudelo Nancy Andrea , Bosch Elisabeth Roca , Singh Nandita , Suleiman Lina , Hale Sarah E.
Published: June 2022

Recent efforts to achieve social, economic, and environmental goals related to sustainability emphasize the importance of nature-based solutions (NBS), as grey infrastructure alone is insufficient to address current challenges. The majority of frameworks proposed in the literature fail to address the full potential of NBS, neglecting long-term results, unintended consequences, co-benefits, and their contribution to achieving global environmental agreements, such as the Agenda 2030, especially for water management in a peri-urban context. Here we present an innovative framework that can be applied to both NBS project planning and evaluation for several water-based challenges, giving practitioners and researchers a tool not only to evaluate ongoing projects but also to guide new ones. The framework considers three main stages of a NBS project: (1) context assessment, (2) NBS implementation and adaptation process, and (3) NBS results. This tool has the potential to be used to evaluate whether NBS projects are aligned with sustainability dimensions through a set of adaptable sustainability indicators. The framework can also highlight how the NBS targets are related to the sustainable development goals (SGD) and contribute to catalyzing the 2030 Agenda. The framework is an important tool for water management and other NBS types.
How Can Biodigesters Help Drive the Circular Economy? An Analysis Based on the SWOT Matrix and Case Studies
Authors: Cortez Suzy C. , Cherri Adriana C. , Jugend Daniel , Jesus Gessica M. K. , Bezerra Barbara S.
Published: June 2022

The use of biodigesters and the circular economy (CE) has been gaining attention in recent years. Both biodigesters and CE have the potential to minimize negative impacts—not only environmental, but also economic and social. However, little attention has been paid to the relationship between biodigesters and CE. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify and analyze the implications of the use of biodigesters in the light of a CE concept. To do this, a SWOT matrix was developed based on the opinion of experts and two case studies were conducted in companies operating in different sectors in Brazil. The results showed that the use of biodigesters can drive CE through biogas, which is a renewable energy source, closing the cycle of organic materials, increasing the economic power of companies and small producers, improving basic sanitation in remote areas, and stimulating industrial symbiosis. However, this study identified barriers in the use of biodigesters in the context of CE, such as lack of government incentives and composting being shown to be more cost-effective than the use of biodigesters for the treatment of solid waste.
Simple Closed-Form Formulas for Conditional Moments of Inhomogeneous Nonlinear Drift Constant Elasticity of Variance Process
Authors: Chumpong Kittisak , Tanadkithirun Raywat , Tantiwattanapaibul Chanon
Published: June 2022

The stochastic differential equation (SDE) has been used to model various phenomena and investigate their properties. Conditional moments of stochastic processes can be used to price financial derivatives whose payoffs depend on conditional moments of underlying assets. In general, the transition probability density function (PDF) of a stochastic process is often unavailable in closed form. Thus, the conditional moments, which can be directly computed by applying the transition PDFs, may be unavailable in closed form. In this work, we studied an inhomogeneous nonlinear drift constant elasticity of variance (IND-CEV) process, which is a class of diffusions that have time-dependent parameter functions; therefore, their sample paths are asymmetric. The closed-form formulas for conditional moments of the IND-CEV process were derived without having a condition on eigenfunctions or the transition PDF. The analytical results were examined through Monte Carlo simulations.
Local Scale Exposure and Fate of Engineered Nanomaterials
Authors: Poikkimäki Mikko , Quik Joris T. K. , Säämänen Arto , Dal Maso Miikka
Published: June 2022

Nanotechnology is a growing megatrend in industrial production and innovations. Many applications utilize engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) that are potentially released into the atmospheric environment, e.g., via direct stack emissions from production facilities. Limited information exists on adverse effects such ENM releases may have on human health and the environment. Previous exposure modeling approaches have focused on large regional compartments, into which the released ENMs are evenly mixed. However, due to the localization of the ENM release and removal processes, potentially higher airborne concentrations and deposition fluxes are obtained around the production facilities. Therefore, we compare the ENM concentrations from a dispersion model to those from the uniformly mixed compartment approach. For realistic release scenarios, we based the modeling on the case study measurement data from two TiO2 nanomaterial handling facilities. In addition, we calculated the distances, at which 50% of the ENMs are deposited, serving as a physically relevant metric to separate the local scale from the regional scale, thus indicating the size of the high exposure and risk region near the facility. As a result, we suggest a local scale compartment to be implemented in the multicompartment nanomaterial exposure models. We also present a computational tool for local exposure assessment that could be included to regulatory guidance and existing risk governance networks.
The Impact of Early Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) for HIV on the Sensitivity of the Latest Generation of Blood Screening and Point of Care Assays
Authors: Vermeulen Marion , van Schalkwyk Cari , Jacobs Genevieve , van den Berg Karin , Stone Mars , Bakkour Sonia , Custer Brian , Jentsch Ute , Busch Michael P. , Murphy Edward , Grebe Eduard
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in early HIV infection is important to limit seeding of the viral reservoir. A number of studies have shown that if ART is commenced prior to seroconversion, the seroconversion may, or may not, occur. We aimed to assess whether seroreversion or no seroconversion occurs using samples collected during an early treatment study in South Africa. Methods: We tested 10 longitudinal samples collected over three years from 70 blood donors who initiated ART after detection of acute or early HIV infection during donation screening on fourth- and fifth-generation HIV antibody and RNA assays, and three point of care (POC) rapid tests. Donors were allocated to three treatment groups: (1) very early, (2) early, and (3) later. Longitudinal samples were grouped into time bins post-treatment initiation. Results: On all three high-throughput HIV antibody assays, no clear pattern of declining signal intensity was observed over time after ART initiation in any of the treatment initiation groups and 100% detection was obtained. The Abbott Determine POC assay showed 100% detection at all time points with no seroreversion. However, the Abbott ABON HIV1 and OraSure OraQuick POC assays showed lower proportions of detection in all time bins in the very early treated group, ranging from 50.0% (95% CI: 26.8–73.2%) to 83.1% (95% CI: 64.2–93.0%), and moderate detection rates in the early and later-treated groups. Conclusion: While our findings are generally reassuring for HIV detection when high-throughput serological screening assays are used, POC assays may have lower sensitivity for detection of HIV infection after early treatment. Findings are relevant for blood safety and other settings where POC assays are used.
Pharmacological Studies in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Belgium: We Could Do Better
Authors: Hites Maya , Vincent Jean-Louis
Published: June 2022

Belgium has actively participated in clinical research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since the beginning of the pandemic to help identify effective and safe treatments for COVID-19. The objective of this review is to provide a picture of the clinical studies carried out in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Belgium. We collected data on all randomized, interventional trials in patients with COVID-19 that were registered on two recognized clinical trial registers, started enrollment before 31 December 2021, and included at least one patient in a Belgian center. Data were collected concerning the therapies investigated and the nature of the trials performed. Thirty-three hospitals (32% of all Belgian hospitals) participated in at least one of 28 trials (13 sponsored by the industry and 15 by academic centers) on therapeutics for COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: 7 (25%) evaluated antivirals, 17 (61%) immunomodulators, 2 (7%) anti-coagulants, and 1 (3%) nitric oxide to improve respiratory function. Nineteen (68%) were phase II trials. Only three (11%) of the trials were international platform trials. Despite numerous trials, less than 3% of all Belgian patients hospitalized with COVID-19 participated in a clinical trial on therapeutics. As in many other countries, more efforts could have been made to avoid running small, under-powered, mono- or bicenter trials, to create better collaboration between the different Belgian hospitals, and to participate in more international clinical trials, and more specifically in adaptive, platform trials.
Recombinant LSDV Strains in Asia: Vaccine Spillover or Natural Emergence?
Authors: Vandenbussche Frank , Mathijs Elisabeth , Philips Wannes , Saduakassova Meruyert , De Leeuw Ilse , Sultanov Akhmetzhan , Haegeman Andy , De Clercq Kris
Published: June 2022

From 2017 to 2019, several vaccine-like recombinant strains of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) were discovered in Kazakhstan and neighbouring regions of Russia and China. Shortly before their emergence, the authorities in Kazakhstan launched a mass vaccination campaign with the Neethling-based Lumpivax vaccine. Since none of the other countries in the affected region had used a homologous LSDV vaccine, it was soon suspected that the Lumpivax vaccine was the cause of these unusual LSDV strains. In this study, we performed a genome-wide molecular analysis to investigate the composition of two Lumpivax vaccine batches and to establish a possible link between the vaccine and the recent outbreaks. Although labelled as a pure Neethling-based LSDV vaccine, the Lumpivax vaccine appears to be a complex mixture of multiple CaPVs. Using an iterative enrichment/assembly strategy, we obtained the complete genomes of a Neethling-like LSDV vaccine strain, a KSGP-like LSDV vaccine strain and a Sudan-like GTPV strain. The same analysis also revealed the presence of several recombinant LSDV strains that were (almost) identical to the recently described vaccine-like LSDV strains. Based on their InDel/SNP signatures, the vaccine-like recombinant strains can be divided into four groups. Each group has a distinct breakpoint pattern resulting from multiple recombination events, with the number of genetic exchanges ranging from 126 to 146. The enormous divergence of the recombinant strains suggests that they arose during seed production. The recent emergence of vaccine-like LSDV strains in large parts of Asia is, therefore, most likely the result of a spillover from animals vaccinated with the Lumpivax vaccine.
Immunization with Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Protects Rabbits against Hepatitis E-3 Virus Infection
Authors: Go Hyeon-Jeong , Park Byung-Joo , Ahn Hee-Seop , Han Sang-Hoon , Kim Dong-Hwi , Lyoo Eu-Lim , Kim Da-Yoon , Kim Jae-Hyeong , Lee Joong-Bok , Park Seung-Yong , Song Chang-Seon , Lee Sang-Won , Choi Yang-Kyu , Choi In-Soo
Published: June 2022

Here, rabbits were immunized with a virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine prepared by expressing 239 amino acids of the swine hepatitis E virus (HEV)-3 capsid protein using a baculovirus system. Thirty specific-pathogen-free rabbits were divided into five groups (negative and positive control and 10, 50, and 100 μg VLP-vaccinated). Positive control group rabbits showed viremia and fecal viral shedding, whereas rabbits vaccinated with 10 μg VLP showed transient fecal viral shedding, and rabbits vaccinated with 50 and 100 μg VLP did not show viremia or fecal viral shedding. Serum anti-HEV antibody titers increased in a dose-dependent manner. Anti-HEV antibody titers were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 100 μg VLP-vaccinated rabbits than in the negative control rabbits at week 4. Anti-HEV antibody titers were significantly higher in 50 and 10 μg VLP-vaccinated rabbits than in the negative control rabbits at weeks 8 and 11, respectively. Serum IFN-γ and IL-12 levels were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in rabbits vaccinated with 50 and 100 μg VLP than in the negative control rabbits at weeks 4 and 6. Liver tissues of 50 and 100 μg VLP-vaccinated rabbits displayed significantly less (p < 0.05) fibrosis than those of the positive control rabbits. The prepared VLP vaccine demonstrated dose-dependent immunogenicity sufficient for inducing anti-HEV antibody production, thus protecting rabbits against swine HEV-3.
Differences in Humoral Immune Response against the Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Different Immune Pathways
Authors: Li Wen , Sun Yangyang , Zhao Shijie , Cui Zhiying , Chen Yu , Xu Pengli , Chen Jing , Zhang Yina , Xia Pingan
Published: June 2022

The intramuscular vaccine is the principal strategy to protect pigs from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), However, it is still difficult to control PRRSV effectively. This study infected piglets with PRRSV through intramuscular and intranasal inoculation. Subsequently, viral loads, anti-PRRSV antibody levels, and neutralizing antibodies (NAs) titers in both serum and saliva were monitored for 43 days. Meanwhile, tissues were obtained through necropsy at 43 days post-inoculation (dpi) to detect viral loads. The results indicated that viremia lasted from 3 to 31 dpi in both the inoculation groups, but the viruses survived in the lungs and lymph nodes after viremia clearance. The antibody response was detected from 11 dpi, but the response of NAs was delayed until 3–4 weeks. Furthermore, intranasal inoculation induced lower viral load levels than injection inoculation. In addition, positive SIgA and NAs levels were produced early, with higher levels through intranasal inoculation. Therefore, our data indicated that a more robust antibody response and lower virus loads could be induced by intranasal inoculation, and mucosal inoculation could be a suitable pathway for PRRSV vaccines.
Insights into Phytoplankton Dynamics and Water Quality Monitoring with the BIOFISH at the Elbe River, Germany
Authors: Wilhelms Andre , Börsig Nicolas , Yang Jingwei , Holbach Andreas , Norra Stefan
Published: June 2022

Understanding the key factors influencing the water quality of large river systems forms an important basis for the assessment and protection of cross-regional ecosystems and the implementation of adapted water management concepts. However, identifying these factors requires in-depth comprehension of the unique environmental systems, which can only be achieved by detailed water quality monitoring. Within the scope of the joint science and sports event “Elbschwimmstaffel” (swimming relay on the river Elbe) in June/July 2017 organized by the German Ministry of Education and Research, water quality data were acquired along a 550 km long stretch of the Elbe River in Germany. During the survey, eight physiochemical water quality parameters were recorded in high spatial and temporal resolution with the BIOFISH multisensor system. Multivariate statistical methods were applied to identify and delineate processes influencing the water quality. The BIOFISH dataset revealed that phytoplankton activity has a major impact on the water quality of the Elbe River in the summer months. The results suggest that phytoplankton biomass constitutes a substantial proportion of the suspended particles and that photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton is closely related to significant temporal changes in pH and oxygen saturation. An evaluation of the BIOFISH data based on the combination of statistical analysis with weather and discharge data shows that the hydrological and meteorological history of the sampled water body was the main driver of phytoplankton dynamics. This study demonstrates the capacity of longitudinal river surveys with the BIOFISH or similar systems for water quality assessment, the identification of pollution sources and their utilization for online in situ monitoring of rivers.
ANALISIS TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN PENGETAHUAN AGAMA ISLAM MASYARAKAT SUKU ANAK DALAM (SAD) DI KABUPATEN MUSIRAWAS UTARA SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Harmi Hendra
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat pemahaman agama Islam masyarakat Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) di Kabupaten Muratara Sumatra Selatan. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian survei. Populasi yang diambil dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh masyarakat SAD di Kabupaten Muratara Sumatra Selatan. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel data yaitu 56 yang terdiri atas 27 orang perempuan dan 29 orang laki-laki di 3 Desa yaitu Sungai Jernih, Sungai Kijang dan Kerta Dewa Kabu. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik non test berupa pengisian angket. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu lembar angket dengan menggunakan modifikasi skala likert 4 pilihan jawaban. Hasil uji validitas dan reliabilitas menunjukkan bahwa instrumen yang digunakan adalah valid dan reliabel. Untuk hasil analisis didapatkan persentase untuk setiap responden dari masyarakat SAD di Kabupaten Muratara Sumatra Selatan berada pada rentang 76-100% yang masuk ke kategori sangat setuju berdasarkan tabel interpretasi skala likert. Artinya semua responden dikategorikan sangat setuju dengan pernyataan-pernyataan mengenai indikator pemahaman agama yang diajukan di dalam angket. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) pada 3 Desa di wilayah Kabutapten Kabupaten Muratara Sumatra Selatan tersebut memiliki pemahaman agama yang baik
PENGARUH CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING TERHADAP HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS GEOMETRI BANGUN RUANG
Authors: Calista Dita Alvinda , Rusijono Rusijono , Dewi Utari
Published: June 2022

penelitian ini memiliki tujuan guna mengetahui pengaruh contextual teachingand learning terhadap kemampuan higher order thinking skills geometri bangun ruang.Materi geometri bangun ruang merupakan salah satu bidang pada mata pelajaranmatematika, di dalamnya mempelajari garis, ruang, dan volume yang bersifat abstrak danberkaitan satu sama lain, mempunyai garis dan titik sehingga menjadi sebuah simbolseperti bentuk persegi, segitiga, lingkaran, dan lain-lain. Dalam penelitian ini, metodeyang dimanfaatkan yakni metode quasi experimental design dengan subjek penelitian 60peserta didik SMA, dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok yakni eksperimen dan kontrol.Terdapat tiga komponen higher order thinking skills dalam penelitian ini yaitu : 1) berpikirkreatif, 2) berpikir logis dan 3) menyelesaikan masalah. ketiga komponen tersebut diukurmenggunakan tes. Teknik analisis data dengan membandingkan dua kelompok yang diujisecara statistik. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh sig. 0,68 > 0,05 dapat disimpulkan CTLberpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemampuan HOTS pada geometri bangunruang.
Solution of parabolic problem with inverse coefficient s(t) with periodic and integral conditions
Authors: BAĞLAN İrem
Published: June 2022

In this publication, We examine the inverse parabolic parabolik with nonlocal and integral conditional. Firstly, finding the existence, uniqueness and problem of stability, numerical analysis will be done by using the finite difference method for the numerical approximation of this problem.The solution is found examining the Fourier and the iteration method and also numerical solution are given using the finite difference method and results will be mentioned in the discussion section.
Havayolunda Tüketici Katılımını Artırmak
Authors: KOÇAK Bahri Baran
Published: June 2022

Tüketici Katılımı (TK) YouTube üzerinden ürün/hizmet geliştirme ve sponsorluk gibi birçok pazarlama aktivitelerini gerçekleştiren havayolları için oldukça dikkat çekici bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma YouTube’daki havayolu markaları için TK faktörlerini inceleyerek alanyazındaki araştırmalara katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, en küçük kareler yöntemini kullanan çoklu lineer regresyon yöntemi kullanılarak SKYTRAX 100 içerisinde yer alan her bir YouTube sayfasının en popüler 10 videosu analiz edilmiştir. Toplamda 600 video açıklaması dikkate alınarak hipotezler test edilmiş olup sonuçlar interaktif açıklamaların, yüksek çözünürlüklü videoların ve alt yazıların daha fazla izleme sağladığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, destinasyon sunumu ve animasyon kullanımı da katılımla ilişkilidir. Bulgular canlılık ve interaktivitenin farklı katılım skorları üzerinde etkili belirleyiciler olduğunu ortaya koymakla birlkte araştırma modeli YouTube’da popüer videolar yayınlamak ve başarılı havayolu kanalları kurmak için gerekli ipuçları da vermektedir.
Nurses’ experiences of caring for severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Kang Myoung Mi , Park Ye Na , Park Seong Young , Kim Ju Hyun
Published: June 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to understand and describe the nurses’ experiences caring for severe COVID-19 patients at isolation room with negative pressure in South Korea.Methods : Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews from February 16 to March 31, 2021 with 11 nurses who had been caring for severe COVID-19 patients at isolation room. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed according to Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis.Results : As a result, 5 theme clusters were extracted about nurses’ experiences. The 5 theme clusters, “Adapting to unexpected adversity”, “Accepting unresonable and heavy work”, “Dulness and disconnection from the outside world”, “Changing in perception of new infectious diseases”, and “Pathetic isolated patients” emerged.Conclusion : The results of this study provided a deeper understanding of nurses struggling to care for COVID-19 severe patients. This study is expected to be useful in providing basic evidence for improving intensive care practices and for preparing policies in other infection disease situations.
Progression in plant phosphate uptake studies
Authors: Munusamy Umaiyal , Khuzaimah Zailani , Kong Sze Ling , Abdullah Siti Nor Akmar
Published: June 2022

Phosphate is an important macronutrient essential for various enzymatic reactions, biological processes and biosynthesis of different compounds in plants. There are multiple factors affecting phosphate uptake such as crop physiology, soil structure and texture, plantation management and environmental conditions. There is no specific solution that can be employed for better phosphate uptake by plants but clearly, sustainable agriculture management facilitated by precision crop assessment could be an effective solution. The ability for a better phosphate uptake by plants and that information will ensure the success of small and big scale farmers role in securing the demand for food by the growing population. Therefore, various approach has been taken to identify the phosphate uptake hence with the help of digitalization, we believe there will be innovated phosphate uptake studies compared to how these were previously carried out. In the next decade, more phosphate uptake information data with seamless accessibility will be available to various users. However, data alone will not be able to produce anything, analysis and advisory services are required in helping farmers to use and apply those obtained information for subsequent application in the field. Software applications with advance machine learning will customized the interactions between devices and data for the user. As they interact, they provide an untapped opportunity for better farm decision-making in real time. In this review, we will discuss how digitalization has improved to change the overall plant phosphate uptake studies and by what means the generated information can be efficiently utilized by the farmers and the various stakeholders.
Perancangan Media Informasi Motif Dasar Ukiran Istana Pagaruyuang Dalam Bentuk Augmented Reality
Authors: Fadli Yusuf Muhammad , Rio Akbar Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Salah satu seni di Minangkabau adalah seni ukir (Ukia). Seni ukir merupakan bagian dari arsitektur Minangkabau yang tak kalah menarik dari seni lainnya, dimana setiap ukirannya tersirat makna tentang kehidupan. Salah satunya bisa dilihat pada dinding bangunan Istano Pagaruyung. Akibat perkembangan teknologi yang pesat dan budaya asing yang masuk, membuat generasi muda semakin kurang peduli dan kurang mencintai budayanya sendiri. Hal ini disebabkan karena kurangnya minat, kesadaraan, kepedulian, ketertarikan serta kurangnya informasi mengenai budaya itu sendiri. Perancangan ini bertujuan menciptakan media informasi motif ukiran Istano Pagaruyuang dalam bentuk Augmented Reality (AR). Teknologi augmented reality ini bisa menampilkan objek tiga dimensi (3D) dan informasi dalam bentuk teks dan sound, dari semua ukiran yang ada di Istano Pagaruyuang. Cara penggunaan teknologi augmented reality dengan cara scanning atau memindai objek yang telah disediakan melalui kamera smarphone. Informasi yang disampaikan menggunakan teknologi AR yang telah dikembangkan melalui platform mobile android. Metode pengumpulan data pada perancangan ini adalah metode kualitati melalui tahapan observasi, tahapan wawancara, tahapan studi pustakan dan tahapan data visual. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah dalam bentuk SWOT. Media utama pada perancangan ini adalah aplikasi AR dan media pendukung pada peracangan ini adalah website, video promosi, poster, stiker, tote bag, t-shirt dan pin.
Examination of Visual Comfort Parameters in an Educational Building
Authors: YILDIZ Neslihan
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the satisfaction levels of indoor users in an educational structure; to examine and reveal on the basis of visual comfort parameters (lighting, material and colour/texture). In order to determine the interior physical environment quality and user satisfaction of the design studios of the Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design within the structure of the Faculty of Architecture and Design, Istanbul Gedik University Campus, which was chosen as the study area; it was evaluated by taking into account the opinions of students and instructors. It is important that the research is carried out on the basis of volunteerism of the users. In this context, the users were informed about the informed consent and the Voluntary Consent Form was signed. Questionnaire forms were distributed to 100 students studying at Istanbul Gedik University, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design, and 20 lecturers working in the same department, taking into account the principle of volunteering; and the study was examined in the direction of these data. In the findings obtained as a result of the survey; students and instructors find natural lighting sufficient, they are satisfied with natural lighting and ceiling material; On the contrary, it was concluded that they were not satisfied with the artificial lighting, wall material, sitting position, not ability to see the screen / board easily in all conditions, and visual and graphic design competence. The result of the research reveals that visual comfort conditions are partially provided in Interior Architecture and Environmental Design studios.
Finansal Zaman Serilerini Tahminlemede Kullanılan Yöntemlere Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: YURDUSEVEN Nuh , MÜNGEN Ahmet Anıl
Published: June 2022

Geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de yatırımcılar için finansal verilerin trendinin tahmin edilebilmesi ve bu bilgi kullanılarak bir finansal strateji oluşturulması oldukça önemlidir. Fakat günümüzde hızlı internet bağlantıları ile finansal verilerin hızlı ulaşması ve bilişim ve bulut sistemlerindeki gelişmeler, finansal tahminlemek için yapay zekâ algoritmalarının kullanılması bu alanda rekabeti artırmaktadır. Fintech içinde portföy yönetimi gibi alanlarda yapay zekâ uygulamalarının kullanım payı gittikçe artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı finansal zaman serisi verileri tahminlemek için yapılan daha önceki akademik çalışmaları derlemek, zaman serilerinin tahmin etmek için kullanılan yapay zekâ algoritmalarını açıklamak ve tahmin edilen bazı finansal veri tiplerini ve bağımlılıklarını irdelemektir. Çalışma sonunda incelenen makalelerde kullanılan tekniklerin yeterlilikleri ve hangi veri tipi için hangi metodun daha başarılı sonuçlar verebileceği gibi çıkarımlar yapılmıştır.