bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAFE MOCHA: An Integrated Platform for Discovering Clinically Relevant Molecular Changes in Cancer—An Example of Distant Metastasis– and Recurrence-Linked Classifiers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Krishnan Neeraja M. , I Mohanraj , Hariharan Janani , Panda Binay
Published: April 2018

Purpose

With large amounts of multidimensional molecular data on cancers generated and deposited into public repositories such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium, a cancer type agnostic and integrative platform will help to identify signatures with clinical relevance. We devised such a platform and showcase it by identifying a molecular signature for patients with metastatic and recurrent (MR) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

We devised a statistical framework accompanied by a graphical user interface–driven application, Clinical Association of Functionally Established MOlecular CHAnges ( CAFE MOCHA; https://github.com/binaypanda/CAFEMOCHA), to discover molecular signatures linked to a specific clinical attribute in a cancer type. The platform integrates mutations and indels, gene expression, DNA methylation, and copy number variations to discover a classifier first and then to predict an incoming tumor for the same by pulling defined class variables into a single framework that incorporates a coordinate geometry–based algorithm called complete specificity margin-based clustering, which ensures maximum specificity. CAFE MOCHA classifies an incoming tumor sample using either its matched normal or a built-in database of normal tissues. The application is packed and deployed using the install4j multiplatform installer. We tested CAFE MOCHA in HNSCC tumors (n = 513) followed by validation in tumors from an independent cohort (n = 18) for discovering a signature linked to distant MR.

Results

CAFE MOCHA identified an integrated signature, MR44, associated with distant MR HNSCC, with 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity in the discovery stage and 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in the validation stage.

Conclusion

CAFE MOCHA is a cancer type and clinical attribute agnostic statistical framework to discover integrated molecular signatures.
Model for Predicting Breast Cancer Risk in Women With Atypical Hyperplasia
Authors: Degnim Amy C. , Winham Stacey J. , Frank Ryan D. , Pankratz V. Shane , Dupont William D. , Vierkant Robert A. , Frost Marlene H. , Hoskin Tanya L. , Vachon Celine M. , Ghosh Karthik , Hieken Tina J. , Carter Jodi M. , Denison Lori A. , Broderick Brendan , Hartmann Lynn C. , Visscher Daniel W. , Radisky Derek C.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Women with atypical hyperplasia (AH) on breast biopsy have an aggregate increased risk of breast cancer (BC), but existing risk prediction models do not provide accurate individualized estimates of risk in this subset of high-risk women. Here, we used the Mayo benign breast disease cohort to develop and validate a model of BC risk prediction that is specifically for women with AH, which we have designated as AH-BC.

Patients and Methods

Retrospective cohorts of women age 18 to 85 years with pathologically confirmed benign AH from Rochester, MN, and Nashville, TN, were used for model development and external validation, respectively. Clinical risk factors and histologic features of the tissue biopsy were selected using L1-penalized Cox proportional hazards regression. Identified features were included in a Fine and Gray regression model to estimate BC risk, with death as a competing risk. Model discrimination and calibration were assessed in the model-building set and an external validation set.

Results

The model-building set consisted of 699 women with AH, 142 of whom developed BC (median follow-up, 8.1 years), and the external validation set consisted of 461 women with 114 later BC events (median follow-up, 11.4 years). The final AH-BC model included three covariates: age at biopsy, age at biopsy squared, and number of foci of AH. At 10 years, the AH-BC model demonstrated good discrimination (0.63 [95% CI, 0.57 to 0.70]) and calibration (0.87 [95% CI, 0.66 to 1.24]). In the external validation set, the model showed acceptable discrimination (0.59 [95% CI, 0.51 to 0.67]) and calibration (0.91 [95% CI, 0.65 to 1.42]).

Conclusion

We have created a new model with which to refine BC risk prediction for women with AH. The AH-BC model demonstrates good discrimination and calibration, and it validates in an external data set.
Intravenous Chemotherapy Compounding Errors in a Follow-Up Pan-Canadian Observational Study
Authors: Gilbert Rachel E. , Kozak Melissa C. , Dobish Roxanne B. , Bourrier Venetia C. , Koke Paul M. , Kukreti Vishal , Logan Heather A. , Easty Anthony C. , Trbovich Patricia L.
Published: April 2018

Purpose:

Intravenous (IV) compounding safety has garnered recent attention as a result of high-profile incidents, awareness efforts from the safety community, and increasingly stringent practice standards. New research with more-sensitive error detection techniques continues to reinforce that error rates with manual IV compounding are unacceptably high. In 2014, our team published an observational study that described three types of previously unrecognized and potentially catastrophic latent chemotherapy preparation errors in Canadian oncology pharmacies that would otherwise be undetectable. We expand on this research and explore whether additional potential human failures are yet to be addressed by practice standards.

Methods:

Field observations were conducted in four cancer center pharmacies in four Canadian provinces from January 2013 to February 2015. Human factors specialists observed and interviewed pharmacy managers, oncology pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and pharmacy assistants as they carried out their work. Emphasis was on latent errors (potential human failures) that could lead to outcomes such as wrong drug, dose, or diluent.

Results:

Given the relatively short observational period, no active failures or actual errors were observed. However, 11 latent errors in chemotherapy compounding were identified. In terms of severity, all 11 errors create the potential for a patient to receive the wrong drug or dose, which in the context of cancer care, could lead to death or permanent loss of function. Three of the 11 practices were observed in our previous study, but eight were new. Applicable Canadian and international standards and guidelines do not explicitly address many of the potentially error-prone practices observed.

Conclusion:

We observed a significant degree of risk for error in manual mixing practice. These latent errors may exist in other regions where manual compounding of IV chemotherapy takes place. Continued efforts to advance standards, guidelines, technological innovation, and chemical quality testing are needed.
Perceptions of Continued Smoking and Smoking Cessation Among Patients With Cancer
Authors: Alton Devon , Eng Lawson , Lu Lin , Song Yuyao , Su Jie , Farzanfar Delaram , Mohan Rahul , Krys Olivia , Mattina Katie , Harper Christopher , Liu Sophia , Yoannidis Tom , Milne Robin , Brown M. Catherine , Vennettilli Ashlee , Hope Andrew J. , Howell Doris , Jones Jennifer M. , Selby Peter , Xu Wei , Goldstein David P. , Liu Geoffrey , Giuliani Meredith E.
Published: April 2018

Purpose:

Continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis leads to poorer treatment outcomes, survival, and quality of life. We evaluated the perceptions of the effects of continued smoking on quality of life, survival, and fatigue among patients with cancer after a cancer diagnosis and the effects of these perceptions on smoking cessation.

Patients and Methods:

Patients with cancer from all disease subsites from Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Toronto, Ontario) were surveyed between April 2014 and May 2016 for sociodemographic variables, smoking history, and perceptions of continued smoking on quality of life, survival, and fatigue. Multivariable regression models evaluated the association between patients’ perceptions and smoking cessation and the factors influencing patients’ perceptions of smoking.

Results:

Among 1,121 patients, 277 (23%) were smoking cigarettes up to 1 year before diagnosis, and 54% subsequently quit; 23% had lung cancer, and 27% had head and neck cancers. The majority felt that continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis negatively affected quality of life (83%), survival (86%), and fatigue (82%). Current smokers during the peridiagnosis period were less likely to perceive that continued smoking was harmful when compared with ex-smokers and never-smokers ( P < .01). Among current smokers, perceiving that smoking negatively affected quality of life (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.68 [95% CI, 1.26 to 5.72]; P = .011), survival (aOR, 5.00 [95% CI, 2.19 to 11.43]; P < .001), and fatigue (aOR, 3.57 [95% CI, 1.69 to 7.54]; P < .001) were each strongly associated with smoking cessation. Among all patients, those with a greater smoking history were less likely to believe that smoking was harmful in terms of quality of life (aOR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.98 to 0.99]; P < .001), survival (aOR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.98 to 0.99]; P < .001), and fatigue (aOR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.98 to 0.99]; P < .001).

Conclusion:

The perceptions of continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis among patients with cancer are strongly associated with smoking cessation. Counseling about the harms of continued smoking in patients with cancer, and in particular among those who have lower risk perceptions, should be considered when developing a smoking cessation program.
Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase as a Novel Treatment Target in Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Chortis Vasileios , Taylor Angela E , Doig Craig L , Walsh Mark D , Meimaridou Eirini , Jenkinson Carl , Rodriguez-Blanco Giovanny , Ronchi Cristina L , Jafri Alisha , Metherell Louise A , Hebenstreit Daniel , Dunn Warwick B , Arlt Wiebke , Foster Paul A
Published: April 2018

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor response to chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated a potential new treatment target for ACC, focusing on the mitochondrial reduced form of NAD phosphate (NADPH) generator nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT). NNT has a central role within mitochondrial antioxidant pathways, protecting cells from oxidative stress. Inactivating human NNT mutations result in congenital adrenal insufficiency. We hypothesized that NNT silencing in ACC cells will induce toxic levels of oxidative stress. To explore this, we transiently knocked down NNT in NCI-H295R ACC cells. As predicted, this manipulation increased intracellular levels of oxidative stress; this resulted in a pronounced suppression of cell proliferation and higher apoptotic rates, as well as sensitization of cells to chemically induced oxidative stress. Steroidogenesis was paradoxically stimulated by NNT loss, as demonstrated by mass spectrometry–based steroid profiling. Next, we generated a stable NNT knockdown model in the same cell line to investigate the longer lasting effects of NNT silencing. After long-term culture, cells adapted metabolically to chronic NNT knockdown, restoring their redox balance and resilience to oxidative stress, although their proliferation remained suppressed. This was associated with higher rates of oxygen consumption. The molecular pathways underpinning these responses were explored in detail by RNA sequencing and nontargeted metabolome analysis, revealing major alterations in nucleotide synthesis, protein folding, and polyamine metabolism. This study provides preclinical evidence of the therapeutic merit of antioxidant targeting in ACC as well as illuminating the long-term adaptive response of cells to oxidative stress.
Gut Microbiota and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Influence of Sex, Sex Hormones, and Obesity
Authors: Insenser María , Murri Mora , del Campo Rosa , Martínez-García M Ángeles , Fernández-Durán Elena , Escobar-Morreale Héctor F
Published: April 2018

Context

Gut microbiota play a major role in health and disease by influencing physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and immune function.

Objective

To evaluate the composition of gut microbiota in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), focusing on the influence of sex, sex hormones and obesity on the associations found.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Academic hospital.

Participants

We recruited 15 women with PCOS, 16 nonhyperandrogenic control women, and 15 control men. Participants were classified as nonobese (<30 kg/m2) or obese (≥30 kg/m2) according to their body mass index.

Interventions

Standardization of diet for 3 consecutive days (at least 300 g of carbohydrates per day) followed by fecal sampling and a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test.

Main Outcome Measures

Analysis of bacterial abundance and composition of gut microbiota by massive sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA amplicons in a MiSeq platform (Illumina).

Results

α Bacterial diversity was reduced in women compared with men, and β diversity was reduced particularly in obese patients with PCOS. Women with PCOS presented with specific abnormalities in gut microbiota consisting of an increased abundance of the Catenibacterium and Kandleria genera. When all participants as a whole were considered, indexes of bacterial diversity and the abundance of several bacterial genera correlated positively with serum androgen concentrations and negatively with estradiol levels.

Conclusions

The diversity and composition of the gut microbiota of young adults are influenced by the combined effects of sex, sex hormone concentrations, and obesity, presenting with specific abnormalities in women with PCOS.
Intralipid/Heparin Infusion Alters Brain Metabolites Assessed With 1H-MRS Spectroscopy in Young Healthy Men
Authors: Karczewska-Kupczewska Monika , Nikołajuk Agnieszka , Filarski Remigiusz , Majewski Radosław , Tarasów Eugeniusz
Published: April 2018

Context

We previously demonstrated that insulin infusion altered metabolite concentrations in cerebral tissues assessed with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in young subjects with high insulin sensitivity, but not in those with low insulin sensitivity. Fat overload is an important factor leading to insulin resistance.

Objective

The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of elevated circulating free fatty acid (FFA) levels on metabolites in cerebral tissues assessed with 1H-MRS.

Design

The study group comprised 10 young, healthy male subjects. 1H-MRS was performed at baseline and after 4-hour Intralipid (Fresenius Kabi)/heparin or saline infusions administered in random order. Voxels were positioned in the left frontal lobe, left temporal lobe, and hippocampus. The ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho)-containing compounds, myo-inositol (mI), and glutamate/glutamine/γ-aminobutyric acid complex (Glx) to creatine (Cr) and nonsuppressed water signal were determined.

Results

Intralipid/heparin infusion resulted in a significant increase in circulating FFAs (P < 0.0001). Significant changes in brain neurometabolite concentrations in response to Intralipid/heparin infusion were increases in frontal mI/Cr (P = 0.041) and mI/H2O (P = 0.037), decreases in frontal and hippocampal Glx/Cr (P = 0.018 and P = 0.015, respectively) and Glx/H2O (P = 0.03 and P = 0.067, respectively), and a decrease in hippocampal NAA/Cr (P = 0.007) and NAA/H2O (P = 0.019). No changes in neurometabolites were observed during the saline infusion.

Conclusions

Acute circulating FFA elevation influenced cerebral metabolites in healthy humans and lipid-induced insulin resistance could be partly responsible for these effects.
Opioid Oversupply After Joint and Spine Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bicket Mark C. , White Elizabeth , Pronovost Peter J. , Wu Christopher L. , Yaster Myron , Alexander G. Caleb
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

Many patients receive prescription opioids at hospital discharge after surgery, yet little is known regarding how often these opioids go unused. We estimated the prevalence of unused opioids, use of nonopioid analgesics, and storage and disposal practices after same-day and inpatient surgery.

METHODS:

In this prospective cohort study at a large, inner-city tertiary care hospital, we recruited individuals ≥18 years of age undergoing elective same-day or inpatient joint and spine surgery from August to November 2016. Using patient surveys via telephone calls, we assessed patient-reported outcomes at 2-day, 2-week, 1-month, and 6-month intervals, including: (1) stopping opioid treatment and in possession of unused opioid pills (primary outcome), (2) number of unused opioid tablets reported after stopping opioids, (3) use of nonopioid pain treatments, and (4) knowledge and practice regarding safe opioid storage and disposal.

RESULTS:

Of 141 eligible patients, 140 (99%) consented (35% taking preoperative opioids; mean age 56 years [standard deviation 16 years]; 47% women). One- and 6-month follow-up was achieved for 115 (82%) and 110 patients (80%), respectively. Among patients who stopped opioid therapy, possession of unused opioids was reported by 73% (95% confidence intervals, 62%–82%) at 1-month follow-up and 34% (confidence interval, 24%–45%) at 6-month follow-up. At 1 month, 46% had ≥20 unused pills, 37% had ≥200 morphine milligram equivalents, and only 6% reported using multiple nonopioid adjuncts. Many patients reported unsafe storage and failure to dispose of opioids at both 1-month (91% and 96%, respectively) and 6-month (92% and 47%, respectively) follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:

After joint and spine surgery, many patients reported unused opioids, infrequent use of analgesic alternatives, and lack of knowledge regarding safe opioid storage and disposal. Interventions are needed to better tailor postoperative analgesia and improve the safe storage and disposal of prescription opioids.
A Survey of Current Anesthesia Trends for Electrophysiology Procedures
Authors: Nelson Eric W. , Woltz Erick M. , Wolf Bethany J. , Gold Michael R.
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

There has been a dramatic shift in recent years in anesthesia coverage for electrophysiology (EP) procedures. An anesthesiologist and electrophysiologist at our institution jointly developed a survey, which was distributed to the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists and the Heart Rhythm Society. Its goal was to document current practice patterns and examine perceived variability in coverage.

METHODS:

On approval of the leadership from the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists and the Heart Rhythm Society, an online survey was administered to the membership. The survey included demographic data, anesthetic type, and perceptions of the respondents.

RESULTS:

Four hundred seventy-nine surveys were completed. Thirty-eight percent were completed by electrophysiologists and 63% by anesthesiologists, giving a response rate of 8.24% for anesthesiologists and 13.6% for electrophysiologists. Of these, 57% of respondents worked in an academic setting. Over the past 2 years, 66.5% of respondents reported anesthesia involvement in EP cases increasing. These cases are reportedly covered by all anesthesiologists in a group 55% of the time, cardiac anesthesia 32.5%, and a designated team at the remainder of the institutions. Seventy-six percent of respondents reported having designated EP block time in the schedule. Ninety-two percent of respondents reported that patient satisfaction has increased with the involvement of anesthesia services.

CONCLUSIONS:

Anesthesia coverage for EP procedures has continued to increase with an increase in patient satisfaction. Anesthesiologists have had to adapt and provide designated block time to accommodate this increase and also, in some instances, form teams that go beyond simply cardiac anesthesiologists to care for these patients during their procedures.
Pediatric Perioperative Cardiac Arrest, Death in the Off Hours: A Report From Wake Up Safe, The Pediatric Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Christensen Robert E. , Lee Angela C. , Gowen Marie S. , Rettiganti Mallikarjuna R. , Deshpande Jayant K. , Morray Jeffrey P.
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

Pediatric perioperative cardiac arrest (CA) is a rare but catastrophic event. This case–control study aims to analyze the causes, incidence, and outcomes of all pediatric CA reported to Wake Up Safe. Factors associated with CA and mortality after arrest are examined and possible strategies for improving outcomes are considered.

METHODS:

CA in children was identified from the Wake Up Safe Pediatric Anesthesia Quality Improvement Initiative, a multicenter registry of adverse events in pediatric anesthesia. Incidence, demographics, underlying conditions, causes of CA, and outcomes were extracted. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to study the above factors associated with CA and mortality after CA.

RESULTS:

A total of 531 cases of CA occurred during 1,006,685 anesthetics. CA was associated with age (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] comparing ≥6 vs <6 months of 0.26 [0.22–0.32];P= .014), American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA PS III–V versus I–II, 9.24, 7.23–11.8;P< .001), and emergency status (3.55, 2.88–4.37;P< .001). Higher ASA PS was associated with increased mortality (ASA PS III–V versus I–II, 3.25, 1.20–8.81;P= .02) but anesthesia-related arrests were correlated with lower mortality (0.44, 0.26–0.74;P= .002). ASA emergency status (1.83, 1.05–3.19;P= .03) and off hours (night and weekend versus weekday, 2.17, 1.22–3.86;P= .008) were other factors associated with mortality after CA.

CONCLUSIONS:

The Wake Up Safe data validate single-institution studies’ findings regarding incidence, factors associated with arrest, and outcomes of pediatric perioperative CA. However, CA occurring during the off hours had significantly worse outcomes, independent of patient physical status or emergency surgery. This suggests an opportunity for improved outcomes.
Role of the novel endoribonuclease SLFN14 and its disease-causing mutations in ribosomal degradation
Authors: Fletcher Sarah J. , Pisareva Vera P. , Khan Abdullah O. , Tcherepanov Andrew , Morgan Neil V. , Pisarev Andrey V.
Published: April 2018

Platelets are anucleate and mostly ribosome-free cells within the bloodstream, derived from megakaryocytes within bone marrow and crucial for cessation of bleeding at sites of injury. Inherited thrombocytopenias are a group of disorders characterized by a low platelet count and are frequently associated with excessive bleeding. SLFN14 is one of the most recently discovered genes linked to inherited thrombocytopenia where several heterozygous missense mutations in SLFN14 were identified to cause defective megakaryocyte maturation and platelet dysfunction. Yet, SLFN14 was recently described as a ribosome-associated protein resulting in rRNA and ribosome-bound mRNA degradation in rabbit reticulocytes. To unveil the cellular function of SLFN14 and the link between SLFN14 and thrombocytopenia, we examined SLFN14 (WT/mutants) in in vitro models. Here, we show that all SLFN14 variants colocalize with ribosomes and mediate rRNA endonucleolytic degradation. Compared to SLFN14 WT, expression of mutants is dramatically reduced as a result of post-translational degradation due to partial misfolding of the protein. Moreover, all SLFN14 variants tend to form oligomers. These findings could explain the dominant negative effect of heterozygous mutation on SLFN14 expression in patients’ platelets. Overall, we suggest that SLFN14 could be involved in ribosome degradation during platelet formation and maturation.
Scientific Research Group and Its Functional in Organizing the Activity of Bachelors of Pedagogical Education in Preparation for the Olympiad in Informatics
Authors: Зубрилин Андрей , Zubrilin Andrey , Зубрилина Мария , Zubrilina Mariya , Чадина Екатерина , Chadina Ekaterina
Published: April 2018

The article shows one of the ways to organize the work of a scientific research group in a pedagogical university in preparation for the olympiads in informatics of various levels. The tools that can be used in preparation are described. The article provides training contents, discloses forms of organization studies and used teaching methods.
To the Question of Formation of Public Consciousness and Spiritual and Moral Culture of Students in the System of Continuous Pedagogical Education
Authors: Абылкасымова А. , Abylkasymova A. , Кальней Валентина , Kalney Valentina , Шишов Сергей , Shishov Sergey
Published: April 2018

The article is written within the framework of the project "Formation of social consciousness and spiritual and moral culture of students in the system of continuous pedagogical education on the basis of the Patriotic idea "Mangilik El". There is an imposition through the media, including the Internet, on the territory of Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Belarus, etc. Western, supposedly "universal" values with an emphasis on liberalism and the free market. Only the rights and freedoms of the individual, without emphasis on the laws of community living in society, are put at the centre of this work. It divides, individualizes society, provokes in the youth environment of excessive competition. The article presents the results of the study self-positioning of student youth. Young people's perception of themselves and their expectations of others portray an image of a person living in a state of heightened anxiety and a highly actualized need for security, material well-being and recognition focused on himself/herself and private life, ready for action and responsibility in the distance of his/her inner circle. The key components of his ideas about success in life: family and children, financial well-being, business work (55–60%) emerge from this self-attitude. Complement the normative model of success self-realization and the possibility of self-manifestation, education, health, beauty, sports (35–40%). The second plan — the criteria of success associated with the outside world (to be useful to society and people — 18%, recognition and respect from others, finding important contacts and connections, access to information and communication in social networks — 12–15%, politics and participation in political and public organizations — 1%). The model of success in life of young people today is largely confined to the man himself.
On the Methodology of the Imitation Modeling of Didactic Systems
Authors: Майер Роберт , Mayer Robert
Published: April 2018

An important part of the modern didactics is the mathematical theory of teaching. The development of information technologies led to the emergence of the method of simulation, which fundamentally changed the study of mathematical models of didactic systems, accelerated the solution of complex problems, increased the clarity of the results. Simulation modeling of the didactic systems requires the development of an appropriate methodology, which combines different principles and approaches. In the article: 1) the cognitive scheme of the didactic process, taking into account the main factors and links affecting on training, is constructed; 2) the important principles of imitation modeling of system “teacher – pupil” are formulated; 3) the results of modeling, allowing to study the dependence of the strength of the acquired knowledge on various characteristics of the didactic system, are analyzed. To model the didactic system, the information-cybernetic approach, the system approach, the fuzzy logic, the methodology of soft systems, the methods of qualitative, mathematical and computer simulation by imitation of stochastic processes and numerical solution of the differential equations are used. The article considers important methodological ideas which underlies the construction of models of the teaching process: 1) the principle of the model multiplicity or the construction opportunity of several models of system; 2) the principle of the correspondence of the simulation results to the real success of the student; 3) the principle of incompatibility of high accuracy of the predictions with great complexity of the studied system. The adequacy criterion of the model is the degree with which the character of its response to the change in the student's parameters and the input values corresponds to the objective regularities of the educational process. The simulation results of the assimilation and forgetting of the logically related information, which takes into account the decrease of the student's working capacity in the course of time, are considered. With its help, the dependence of the quantity and strength of the acquired knowledge on the number of information blocks, their length and duration of remembering was studied.
Independent Assessment of Qualifications: The Approbation Is to Be Continued
Authors: Лебедев В. , Lebedev V. , Лебедева Е. , Lebedeva E.
Published: April 2018

The practical questions of application of the federal law «On the independent evaluation of qualifications», which came into force on January 1, 2017 are considered. The analysis of independent assessment of the qualifications of employees, types and forms of independent evaluation, assessment tools, ways of confirming professional experience during the qualifying exam is carried out. It is proposed at the level of the federal law to clarify the organizational and legal form of the qualification assessment center, criteria for the independence of the assessment of qualifications; to clarify the initiatives of the legislator, in particular, regarding the organizational and legal form and requirements for the personnel of the evaluation centers.
“Postal” Discontents
Authors: Paranjape Makarand
Published: April 2018

How to produce meaningful knowledge about ourselves in India? I got interested in this problem over twenty years back. This paper is an account of that experience. The issue of what constitutes valid knowledge about India, The problem is that an official critique of the dominant, such as post-modernism embodies, carries with it many of the oppressive vestiges of what it seeks to overturn. A genuine alternative might emerge for us in India only by fracturing the authority of this overriding Euro-American discourse itself. But if one departs from the dominant discourse, one’s position is generally not accepted as acceptable knowledge. This, then, remains our conundrum: if you say it their way you are co-opted; if you say it differently, it is not considered knowledge. A situated re-examination of this discursive tangle exposes the continuing challenges inherent in producing meaningful knowledge even in our present context. This is as it should be because the central crisis at the heart of modernity itself is, arguably, the crisis of knowledge. Therefore, we must re-articulate our personal and civilisational aspirations in alternate languages, even if these are not at once accorded recognition or legitimacy.
Through the Maze of Style, through the Labyrinth of Time
Authors: Drab Ewa
Published: April 2018

W meandrach stylu, w labiryncie czasu. Stylizacja w tłumaczeniu Atlasu Chmur Davida MitchellaAutorka tekstu stara się przedstawić, jaki wpływ na przebieg tłumaczenia ma styl. Teoretyczna perspektywa pokazująca rolę stylu w tekście literackim poprzedza analizę stylu przyjętego w powieści Atlas chmur Davida Mitchella, która to powieść składa się z sześciu stylistycznie niezależnych historii powiązanych w całość subtelnymi połączeniami. Przyjrzenie się stylizacji tekstu na dziennik, serię listów, reporterski dreszczowiec, wspomnienia, wywiad w konwencji science‑fiction i opowieść ustną pozwala przedstawić strategie użyte w tłumaczeniu powieści i scharakteryzować czynniki decydujące o stylu, takie jak gatunek, czas historyczny, postaci i inne.
Tłumacz między idiolektami
Authors: Pytlak Magdalena
Published: April 2018

Translator between idiolects. A few comments on dilemmas accompanying the translation of languages of opera’s characters

The article is a case study. It presents selected aspects of translation process of libretto written by Bulgarian contemporary writer Georgi Gospodinov for opera composed by young Polish composer, Aleksander Nowak. The main purpose of the article is to show dilemmas accompanying the translation of a specific text that in fact consists only of characters’ idiolects. The text shows withal that there can be no difference between character’s and author’s idiolect. Within a broader perspective the article unveils entanglement of libretto translator between two authors – writer of the libretto and the composer – each of them with their own vision of characters. Moreover, the visions can be significantly different, as they were communicating using a third language – English.
A Política do casamento: adultério, família e paternidade em Camilo Castelo Branco
Authors: Frier David G.
Published: April 2018

MARTIAL POLITICS: ADULTERY, FAMILY STRUCTURES AND PATERNITY IN CAMILO CASTELO BRANCO

This article discusses a number of texts written by Camilo in the early 1870s in response to the prosecution and conviction of his friend Vieira de Castro for the murder of his adulterous wife, and in the wake of the controversial book by Alexandre Dumas Fils, L’homme‑femme, of 1872, which sought to justify such actions. These texts demonstrate inconsistencies between a very modern, emancipatory stance adopted in the leaflet A Espada de Alexandre and the more patriarchal tone of Camilo’s fictional works written during the same period. This paper seeks to attribute these contradictions to an unresolved preoccupation on Camilo’s part with the authority traditionally assigned to the male in matters of sexuality and marital convention, even though a closer examination of the texts provides ample evidence for regarding these very same attitudes as outdated.
memórias perdidas da nação moçambicana: Terra Sonâmbula e O Outro Pé da Sereia de Mia Couto
Authors: Krakowska Kamila
Published: April 2018

LOST MEMORIES OF THE MOZAMBICAN NATION: TERRA SONÂMBULA AND O OUTRO PÉ DA SEREIA BY MIA COUTO The aim of this article is to question the relation between memory and oblivion in the process of constructing national identity, analysing two novels by the Mozambican writer Mia Couto. Terra Sonâmbula and O Outro Pé da Sereia present several characters who travel in search of the lost memories from their own past as well as from the common past of the nation. The first novel deals with the suffering caused by the long civil war in the post‑independence period while the other is focused on the Mozambican colonial history and the subject of slavery.
Cadernos Negros – vozes afro‑brasileiras às margens da literatura
Authors: Walczuk Magdalena
Published: April 2018

CADERNOS NEGROS – AFRO‑BRAZILIAN VOICES ON THE MARGINS OF LITERATURE

The article presents the literary series Cadernos Negros dedicated to Afro‑Brazilian literature. It sums up briefly its creation and development since 1978 until today, as well as the main themes treated by its authors and its importance in the process of consolidation of negro literature and affirmation of negro identity in Brazil, putting the topic in the ample context of racial relations, marginalization of Afro‑Brazilian cultural production (with emphasis on literature), and the struggle for egalitarian integration of this group in the Brazilian society and culture.
Substituição do gerúndio pela construção a + infinitivo no Português Europeu (estudo diacrónico)
Authors: Hricsina Jan
Published: April 2018

SUBSTITUTION OF THE GERUND FOR THE CONSTRUCION A + INFINITIVE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE (DIACHRONIC STUDY)

The article aims to specify the period in which the gerund in Portuguese has given way to a + infinitive construction in syntactic positions in which the infinitive predominates also in the contemporary European Portuguese (periphrastic formations estar a + infinitive, ficar a + infinitive, continuar a + infinitive and andar a + infinitive, in semi‑predicative clauses). In this analysis the electronic corpus (www.corpusdoportugues.org) was used. The analysis shows that the period sought must be located in the 19th century (or slightly before), when the infinitive construction starts to appear with greater frequency than in previous centuries.
língua portuguesa nas traduções do Imperador Dom Pedro II
Authors: Romanelli Sergio
Published: April 2018

THE PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE IN THE TRANSLATIONS OF THE EMPEROR DOM PEDRO II

In this communication I plan to analyze the relationship between the Portuguese language and the foreign languages in the Emperor of Brazil’s translations. This is one of the projects developed by NUPROC of UFSC. The process documents are made up of manuscripts of translations from various languages made by the Emperor, letters exchanged throughout his life with many European and American intellectuals and pages of his diaries that provide relevant information about his intellectual activity, not only translation. Although many biographies bring the information of this activity in his life, any research group to date had been working on a thorough analysis of his manuscripts, that are now at the Historical Archive in the Petrópolis Museum. This research has been supported by CNPq and has received prominence in the Brazilian national press.
Spatial Resource Allocation for Emerging Epidemics: A Comparison of Greedy, Myopic, and Dynamic Policies
Authors: Long Elisa F. , Nohdurft Eike , Spinler Stefan
Published: April 2018

Rapidly evolving infectious disease epidemics, such as the 2014 West African Ebola outbreak, pose significant health threats and present challenges to the global health community because of their heterogeneous geographic spread. Policy makers must allocate limited intervention resources quickly, in anticipation of where the outbreak is moving next. We develop a two-stage model for optimizing when and where to assign Ebola treatment units across geographic regions during the outbreak’s early phases. The first stage employs a novel dynamic transmission model to forecast the occurrence of new cases at the region level, capturing connectivity among regions. We introduce an empirically estimated coefficient for behavioral adaptation to changing epidemic conditions. The second stage compares four approaches to allocate units across affected regions: (i) a heuristic based on observed cases, (ii) a greedy policy that prioritizes regions based on the reproductive number, (iii) a myopic linear program that allocates resources in the next period based on an iterative estimation–optimization approach coupled with the underlying epidemic model, and (iv) an approximate dynamic programming algorithm that optimizes over all future periods. After testing the allocation schemes under different budgets and time periods, we find that the myopic policy performs best, even when limited data are available. Our methodology could be generalized to other disease outbreaks, including the Zika virus, and other interventions.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0681 .
Dialogando com estudantes universitários sobre as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis.
Authors: Spindola Thelma , Oliveira Claudia Silvia Rocha , Sodré Carolina Passos , Peixoto Hugo De Andrade , Fonseca Mary Hellem Silva , Tambasco Leticia
Published: April 2018

Os jovens são um grupo vulnerável às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis em função de suas características próprias. Considerando a população que ingressa anualmente nas universidades é constituída majoritariamente por pessoas jovens, torna-se relevante dialogar com esses estudantes acerca das doenças transmitidas pela prática do sexo inseguro. Este estudo tem o objetivo de relatar as atividades desenvolvidas pelo projeto de extensão “Quando o assunto é prevenção: dialogando com os jovens acerca das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis”, realizado nas dependências da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Descreve os momentos de interação com os jovens e a vivência das dinâmicas adotadas na execução da ação. As atividades tiveram início em 2013 e, desde então, o projeto já atingiu aproximadamente 600 jovens dos cursos de educação física, enfermagem, educação e odontologia. Em 2014 os alunos da Fundação da Infância e Adolescência, com sede na UERJ, com idades entre 13 e 16 anos foram incluídos na ação. Os estudantes são receptivos, demonstram boa aceitação e interesse durante a realização das dinâmicas e participam ativamente das atividades propostas pelos integrantes da equipe. As atividades buscam esclarecer a população jovem sobre as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, estimulando a reflexão da importância da prática do sexo seguro para a prevenção da ocorrência das infecções, e a adoção de hábitos de vida saudáveis para a prevenção de agravos para a saúde sexual e reprodutiva. A aids se destaca como a doença mais conhecida entre os estudantes. Acreditamos que o diálogo e ações de conscientização podem favorecer a mudança de atitude e contribuir para a redução da ocorrência de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis entre os jovens.
A ORGANIZAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA DE ZONEAMENTO ESPECIAL URBANO PELO MUNICÍPIO DE RECIFE
Authors: De Andrade Mariana Dionísio , Remígio Rodrigo Ferraz de Castro
Published: April 2018

O presente estudo se propõe a responder o seguinte problema de pesquisa: Como é organizada a política de zoneamento especial urbano pelo Município de Recife? Para responder essa questão, o estudo precisa considerar o conceito de regularização fundiária, realização do direito à moradia e judicialização de políticas públicas voltadas à regularidade da habitação urbana. O estudo também possui o objetivo de esclarecer aspectos sobre a regularização fundiária como política pública. A pesquisa é qualitativa e realiza análise descritiva com base em revisão de literatura e interpretação da legislação sobre o tema; além de estudo de caso, utilizando o Município de Recife como unidade de análise e limite espacial de investigação. Há suporte quantitativo complementar, a partir da exposição gráfica dos dados coletados. É possível concluir que, no Município de Recife, a política de zoneamento especial urbano é conduzida a partir da criação de áreas isoladas, com poucos mecanismos de integração social e sem controle efetivo sobre a expansão urbana, o que exige a intervenção da judicialização das políticas públicas voltadas à regularização fundiária.
Processo de transformação dos modelos de Estado e o papel do terceiro setor
Authors: Volpato Elaine Cristina Francisco , Haliski Alana
Published: April 2018

O presente estudo tem por objetivo abordar a relação entre Estado e Terceiro Setor em seu papel sócio jurídico na historiografia constitucional recente a partir das entidades do direito privado e sem fins lucrativos. Tais instituições embora não integrem a estrutura da Administração Pública local, prestam auxilio ao Estado ao promoverem os direitos sociais. Elas se têm revelado importantes parceiras na efetivação de política públicas sociais ao mesmo tempo em que atuam em prol de uma cidadania mais ativa. O estudo tem a pretensão de analisar a evolução do Estado do Absolutismo até o modelo atual estatal para examinar a estruturação da Administração Pública e melhor compreender as causas e alguns efeitos do ingresso do Terceiro Setor no modelo gerencial brasileiro.
ENTRE A FALIBILIDADE HUMANA E O ERRO: PROPOSTA DE DELIMITAÇÃO E CLASSIFICAÇÃO DO ERRO MÉDICO
Authors: Borges Gustavo Silveira
Published: April 2018

Este artigo objetiva discutir o erro médico, apresentando as limitações entre a falibilidade humana e o erro. Nesta seara, investiga-se a culpa e o erro profissional. Ademais, estuda-se a delimitação jurídico-civil e as consequências do erro médico, propondo-se, ao final uma classificação a partir de uma tipologia das espécies de erro médico. Por fim, trabalha-se com a questão envolvendo a iatrogenia. Por meio de uma análise bibliográfica e documental, promove-se um diálogo entre os aportes da responsabilidade civil e os limites do erro e da falibilidade humana. Por fim, conclui-se que o erro médico pode ser classificado em erro de diagnóstico, erro de tratamento e, erro na relação com o paciente.
ENSINO JURÍDICO, DECISIONISMO E ATIVISMO JUDICIAL: REFLEXÕES PARA UMA EXPERIÊNCIA (MAIS) DEMOCRÁTICA EM TERRAE BRASILIS
Authors: Aquino Sérgio Ricardo Fernandes de , Baldissera Rafaela
Published: April 2018

O Estado Brasileiro é definido como democrático e encontra-se alicerçado por princípios que priorizam a igualdade, a justiça e a liberdade; contudo, o Poder Judiciário, responsável por efetivar essas principiologias democráticas, apresenta condutas contrárias a esse regime político adotado pelo povo brasileiro. O objetivo geral deste estudo é investigar se, ainda que as respostas aos casos concretos não contenham regras claras no ordenamento jurídico, o julgador dispõe de liberdade para decidir de acordo com seu próprio pensamento, mesmo que este esteja repleto de subjetividades. O método adotado foi o Dedutivo. Ao final, constata-se que os juízes, ao incorporarem papéis de protagonistas, prevalecem-se de seu poder de decidir e estabelecem soluções aos casos concretos a partir de seu livre, pessoal e particular convencimento.
OS IMPACTOS DA CRISE ECONÔMICA BRASILEIRA NO SETOR DA SAÚDE SUPLEMENTAR
Authors: Cunha Mariana Forbeck , De Meirelles Jussara Maria Leal
Published: April 2018

A crise econômica brasileira vivenciada atualmente e intensificada após a crise mundial de 2008, impacta em diversos setores da sociedade, dentre eles o da saúde suplementar. A partir do método dedutivo de abordagem, interessa a este artigo a análise de alguns dos reflexos da crise econômica brasileira no setor da saúde suplementar. Para tanto, aborda-se inicialmente o histórico do setor no país, e, na sequência, será realizado o cotejo entre crise e a saúde suplementar, delineando-se alguns de seus reflexos e impactos, especialmente a redução no número de beneficiários e o aumento da judicialização das matérias envolvendo o setor.
Modeling and Simulation of a Four-Rotor Rake Loading for Predicting Accumulated Fatigue Damage: A Markov Regime-Switching Approach
Authors: Paraforos Dimitris S. , Griepentrog Hans W. , Vougioukas Stavros G.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The prediction of agricultural machinery’s fatigue life is of increasing importance for machine developers who must produce durable and reliable machines for a globalized market with different local operating conditions. Mathematical tools that can model and simulate the variable loading of agricultural machines are necessary for fatigue life prediction. Modeling should be based on measured loads from real-world operations. In this article, the loads of a four-rotor rake were recorded during grass swathing. Markov chains were used to model the transitions between the machine’s operating conditions (in-field swathing and headland turning) and the sequences of turning points present in the load signals. The Markov transition probabilities were trained using the recoded data and then fatigue life was predicted via executing 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations based on the trained Markov models. The differences between the accumulated fatigue damage predicted from the simulations and from the measured data had mean value and standard deviation equal to -22% and 12.8%, respectively. Evaluation of the trained model on new data (not present in the training dataset) that were recorded during swathing on a different grass field resulted in fatigue damage difference with mean and standard deviation equal to 34% and 7.5%, respectively. The fatigue damage difference was in a reasonable region considering how fatigue life is affected by high-amplitude individual cycles. Keywords: Accumulated damage, Agricultural machinery, Durability, Fatigue life.