bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sphingomyelin nanosystems loaded with uroguanylin and etoposide for treating metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Bouzo Belén L. , Lores Saínza , Jatal Raneem , Alijas Sandra , Alonso María José , Conejos-Sánchez Inmaculada , de la Fuente María
Published: August 2021

Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to provide new therapeutic options that can improve survival. Sphingomyelin nanosystems (SNs) are a promising type of nanocarriers with potential for association of different types of drugs and, thus, for the development of combination treatments. In this work we propose the chemical modification of uroguanylin, a natural ligand for the Guanylyl Cyclase (GCC) receptor, expressed in metastatic colorectal cancer tumors, to favour its anchoring to SNs (UroGm-SNs). The anti-cancer drug etoposide (Etp) was additionally encapsulated for the development of a combination strategy (UroGm-Etp-SNs). Results from in vitro studies showed that UroGm-Etp-SNs can interact with colorectal cancer cells that express the GCC receptor and mediate an antiproliferative response, which is more remarkable for the drugs in combination. The potential of UroGm-Etp-SNs to treat metastatic colorectal cancer cells was complemented with an in vivo experiment in a xenograft mice model.
Comparison of effectiveness and complications in trabeculotomy with phacoemulsification between ab externo and ab interno using a spatula-shaped microhook
Authors: Kanda Satoru , Fujishiro Takashi , Omoto Takashi , Fujino Ryosuke , Arai Takahiro , Nomoto Yohei , Aihara Makoto
Published: August 2021

To compare the short-term surgical effectiveness and safety profile of trabeculotomy ab externo and ab interno with microhook in terms of the recovery of visual acuity. A retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent trabeculotomy combined with phacoemulsification and lens implantation at Asahi General Hospital, with 6 months of follow-up. The patients treated by trabeculotomy were classified into two groups depending on the surgical procedures: ab interno with Tanito microhook (TMH) and ab externo with rigid probe trabeculotome (LOT). The demographics, preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), number of medications (Med), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), surgical-induced astigmatism (SIA), and postoperative complications were analyzed at pre-operation, and 1 week and 1–6 months post-operation. Fifty-two eyes of 38 Japanese patients underwent TMH and 42 eyes of 32 patients underwent LOT. The decreases in IOP and Med from the baseline were significant at all time points in both groups (p < 0.001), but there were no significant differences between the two groups. BCVA improved significantly in TMH and LOT after the operation (p < 0.001). BCVA and SIA significantly improved, mostly at 1 week in TMH, compared with LOT (p = 0.02 and 0.003). Hyphema and IOP spike exceeding 30 mmHg (spike) occurred in 11% and 6% of participants in TMH, and 33% and 26% of participants in LOT, respectively. Hyphema and IOP spike occurred more frequently in the LOT than in the TMH group (p = 0.01 and 0.005). Ab interno trabeculotomy showed similar IOP-lowering effects as ab externo, but had less postoperative complications.
Lipoprotein concentration in patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Tanaka Sébastien , De Tymowski Christian , Zappella Nathalie , Snauwaert Aurélie , Robert Tiphaine , Lortat-Jacob Brice , Castier Yves , Tran-Dinh Alexy , Tashk Parvine , Bouzid Donia , Para Marylou , Pellenc Quentin , Atchade Enora , Meilhac Olivier , Montravers Philippe
Published: August 2021

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a relevant technology for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or acute cardiac failure (ACF), is a frequent cause of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. During sepsis, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations decrease, and an association between low lipoprotein levels and poor outcomes was reported. There are no data from patients undergoing ECMO. The goal of this study was to characterize the lipoprotein profiles of ICU patients requiring ECMO. All consecutive patients admitted for ARDS or ACF requiring ECMO were prospectively included. Daily lipoprotein levels and short-term prognosis outcome were assessed. 25 patients were included. On admission, lipoprotein concentrations were low, under the reference values ([HDL-C] = 0.6[0.4–0.8]mmol/L;[LDL-C] = 1.3[1.0–1.7]mmol/L). A statistically significant rise in lipoproteins overtime was observed during the ICU stay. We found no relationship between lipoproteins concentrations and mortality on Day-28 (p = 0.689 and p = 0.979, respectively). Comparison of surviving patients with non-surviving patients did not reveal any differences in lipoproteins concentrations. Stratification between septic and non-septic patients demonstrated that septic patients had lower lipoproteins concentrations on admission (HDL-C: 0.5[0.3–0.6]mmol/l vs 0.8[0.6–0.9]mmol/l, p = 0.003; LDL-C: 1.1[0.9–1.5]mmol/l vs 1.5[1.3–2.6]mmol/l; p = 0.012), whereas these two groups were comparable in terms of severity and outcomes. HDL-C concentrations during ICU hospitalization were also significantly lower in the septic group than in the non-septic group (p = 0.035). In conclusion, Lipoprotein concentrations are low in patients requiring ECMO but are not associated with poor outcomes. The subpopulation of septic patients had lower lipoprotein levels overtime, which reinforces the potential key-role of these particles during sepsis.
High-intensity infrasound effects on glucose metabolism in rats
Authors: Pereira Gonçalo Martins , Santos Madalena , Pereira Sofia S. , Borrecho Gonçalo , Tortosa Francisco , Brito José , Freitas Diamantino , de Carvalho António Oliveira , Águas Artur , Oliveira Maria João , Oliveira Pedro
Published: August 2021

Recent focus has been given on the effects of high-intensity infrasound (HII) exposure, and whether it induces changes in pancreatic morphology and glucose metabolism is still unknown. As such, we have studied the impact of HII exposure on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, pancreatic islet morphology, muscle GLUT4 and plasma insulin and corticosterone levels. Normal and glucose intolerant wild-type Wistar rats were randomly divided in two groups: one group not exposed to HII and the other continuously exposed to HII. Animals were sacrificed at three timepoints of exposure (1, 6 or 12 weeks). An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed, blood samples were collected and the pancreas and the quadriceps femoris muscle were excised. Circulating insulin and corticosterone levels were determined and pancreatic and muscular tissue were routinely processed for histochemistry and immunohistochemistry with an anti-GLUT4 antibody. Animals exposed to HII had higher corticosterone levels than animals not exposed. No differences were found on insulin concerning HII exposure or glucose intolerance. Glucose intolerant animals had pancreatic islet fibrosis and no differences were found in GLUT4 ratio concerning HII exposure. In conclusion, we found that continuous exposure to HII increases stress hormone levels without inducing glucose intolerance in rats.
Redox nanomedicine ameliorates chronic kidney disease (CKD) by mitochondrial reconditioning in mice
Authors: Adhikari Aniruddha , Mondal Susmita , Chatterjee Tanima , Das Monojit , Biswas Pritam , Ghosh Ria , Darbar Soumendra , Alessa Hussain , Althakafy Jalal T. , Sayqal Ali , Ahmed Saleh A. , Das Anjan Kumar , Bhattacharyya Maitree , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: August 2021

Targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) while maintaining cellular redox signaling is crucial in the development of redox medicine as the origin of several prevailing diseases including chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to ROS imbalance and associated mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we have shown that a potential nanomedicine comprising of Mn3O4 nanoparticles duly functionalized with biocompatible ligand citrate (C-Mn3O4 NPs) can maintain cellular redox balance in an animal model of oxidative injury. We developed a cisplatin-induced CKD model in C57BL/6j mice with severe mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative distress leading to the pathogenesis. Four weeks of treatment with C-Mn3O4 NPs restored renal function, preserved normal kidney architecture, ameliorated overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and arrested glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. A detailed study involving human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells and isolated mitochondria from experimental animals revealed that the molecular mechanism behind the pharmacological action of the nanomedicine involves protection of structural and functional integrity of mitochondria from oxidative damage, subsequent reduction in intracellular ROS, and maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. To the best of our knowledge, such studies that efficiently treated a multifaceted disease like CKD using a biocompatible redox nanomedicine are sparse in the literature. Successful clinical translation of this nanomedicine may open a new avenue in redox-mediated therapeutics of several other diseases (e.g., diabetic nephropathy, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease) where oxidative distress plays a central role in pathogenesis.
New 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives highlight the potential of this class for treatment of fungal infections
Authors: Joaquim Angélica Rocha , Reginatto Paula , Lopes Marcela Silva , Bazana Luana Candice Genz , Gionbelli Mariana Pies , de Cesare Maycon Antonio , Kaminski Taís Fernanda Andrzejewski , Teixeira Mário Lettieri , Abegg Maxwel Adriano , Fuentefria Alexandre Meneghello , de Andrade Saulo Fernandes
Published: August 2021

Compound 5h has interesting antifungal activity and a good toxicity profile and seems to act as an ion scavenger in fungi.
A simple and general strategy for postsurgical personalized cancer vaccine therapy based on an injectable dynamic covalent hydrogel
Authors: Yu Zhentao , Xu Yudi , Yao Haochen , Si Xinghui , Ji Guofeng , Dong Si , Zhao Jiayu , Tang Zhaohui , Fang Xuedong , Song Wantong , Chen Xuesi
Published: August 2021

A dynamic covalent hydrogel-based vaccine (DCHVax) for personalized postsurgical therapy of tumors was developed. Tumor lysates were extracted; then DCHVax was prepared and injected back to the host for eliciting tumor-specific immune responses.
High-efficiency nitrate electroreduction to ammonia on electrodeposited cobalt–phosphorus alloy film
Authors: Li Zerong , Wen Guilai , Liang Jie , Li Tingshuai , Luo Yonglan , Kong Qingquan , Shi Xifeng , Asiri Abdullah M. , Liu Qian , Sun Xuping
Published: August 2021

Ti plate supported cobalt-phosphorus alloy film acts as an active and selective electrocatalyst for ambient NO3−-to-NH3 conversion. In 0.2 M Na2SO4 with 200 ppm NO3−, it offers a NH3 yield rate of 416.0 ± 7.2 μg h−1 cm−2 with a Faradaic efficiency of 93.6 ± 3.3% at −0.6 and −0.3 V vs. RHE, respectively.
Ultrafast energy transfer between lipid-linked chromophores and plant light-harvesting complex II
Authors: Hancock Ashley M. , Son Minjung , Nairat Muath , Wei Tiejun , Jeuken Lars J. C. , Duffy Christopher D. P. , Schlau-Cohen Gabriela S. , Adams Peter G.
Published: August 2021

We characterize the photophysical interactions between lipid-linked chromophores and plant light-harvesting proteins incorporated into nanodiscs using optical spectroscopy, simulations and theoretical modelling.
Structures, plasmon-enhanced luminescence, and applications of heterostructure phosphors
Authors: Wang Xiangfu , She Min , Gu Wenqin , Bu Yanyan , Yan Xiaohong
Published: August 2021

The structures, plasmon-enhanced luminescence and mechanism of metal/fluorophore heterostructure composites, such as core–shell nanocrystals, multilayers, adhesion, islands, arrays, and composite optical glass, are reviewed in detail.
Designing new ferromagnetic double perovskites: the coexistence of polar distortion and half-metallicity
Authors: Rahmani Neda , Ghazi Mohammad Ebrahim , Izadifard Morteza , Shabani Alireza , Adam Jost
Published: August 2021

The concurrence of half-metallicity and polar nature in Ca2MnVO6 and Ba2MnVO6 double perovskites making them suitable candidates for spintronic device applications.
Enhanced solid-state plasmon catalyzed oxidation and SERS signal in the presence of transition metal cations at the surface of gold nanostructures
Authors: Pal Srimanta , Paul Sujay , Chattopadhyay Arun
Published: August 2021

Cartoon depiction of photochemical conversion of 4-ATP into DMAB in the presence and in the absence of metal cations on the surface of Au nanostructures.
Cas12a target search and cleavage on force-stretched DNA
Authors: Losito Marialucrezia , Smith Quentin M. , Newton Matthew D. , Cuomo Maria Emanuela , Rueda David S.
Published: August 2021

CRISPR-Cas12a target search and cleavage on force-stretchedλ-DNA using optical tweezers.
The effect of urban morphological characteristics on the spatial variation of PM2.5 air quality in downtown Nanjing
Authors: Kokkonen Tom V. , Xie Yuning , Paasonen Pauli , Gani Shahzad , Jiang Lin , Wang Bo , Zhou Derong , Qin Wei , Nie Wei , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Petäjä Tuukka , Sun Jianning , Kulmala Markku , Ding Aijun
Published: August 2021

The most important characteristics in terms of the PM2.5 concentrations were the fraction of trees and the height-normalized roughness length. The study was performed using continuous observations covering the whole scale of urban densities.
Targeting coenzyme Q10 synthesis overcomes bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma
Authors: Zaal Esther A. , de Grooth Harm-Jan , Oudaert Inge , Langerhorst Pieter , Levantovsky Sophie , van Slobbe Gijs J. J. , Jansen Jeroen W. A. , Menu Eline , Wu Wei , Berkers Celia R.
Published: August 2021

This study links CoQ synthesis to bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma and provides a novel avenue for improving BTZ response through statin-induced inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism.
A proteomic view on lysosomes
Authors: Muthukottiappan Pathma , Winter Dominic
Published: August 2021

A comprehensive overview of the investigation of lysosomes by mass spectrometry-based proteomics; covering enrichment approaches, analytical techniques, and biological applications.
Unveiling the dimension-dependence of femtosecond nonlinear optical properties of tellurium nanostructures
Authors: Xiao Qi , Ma Bo , Fei Xian , Liu Duan-Wu , Zhai Xin-Ping , Li Xiang-Yang , Xiao Ming-Jun , Peng Yong , Wang Qiang , Zhang Hao-Li
Published: August 2021

For the first time, strong dimension-dependent femtosecond nonlinear optical properties were demonstrated in a variety of Te nanostructures. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy revealed the dimension-dependent exciton dynamics.
Influence of La-doping on the CuO/ZrO2 catalysts with different Cu contents for hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to ethylene glycol
Authors: Ding Jian , Wang Meihui , Liu Huimin , Wang Zhenfeng , Guo Xiaohui , Yu Gewen , Wang Yaxiong
Published: August 2021

The introduction of La2O3 into CuO/ZrO2 affects both the distribution of Cu species and the crystal growth of zirconia, hence increasing DMO conversion.
Optical and electrochemical effects of triarylamine inclusion to alkoxy BODIPY-based derivatives
Authors: Rocha-Ortiz Juan S. , Insuasty Alberto , Madrid-Usuga Duvalier , Mora-León Ana G. , Ortiz Alejandro
Published: August 2021

Three new triphenylamine-BODIPY dyads BDPT1–3 have been designed and synthesized.
Synthesis and characterization of a plant growth regulator based silver nanoparticles for the ultrasensitive detection of environmentally toxic Hg2+ ions in tap water
Authors: Ahmed Farid , Ali Imdad , Saad Ali Heyam , Yasmeen Saira , Ullah Shafi , Burki Samiullah , Adil Muhammad , Nisar Jan , Shah Muhammad Raza
Published: August 2021

Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a plant growth regulator based silver nanoparticles and its application as a sensor for the ultrasensitive detection of toxic metal ions (Hg2+) in tapwater.
One pot synthesis of isocyano-containing, densely functionalised gem-difluoroalkenes from α-trifluoromethyl alkenes, alkyl halides and TosMIC
Authors: Huang Hongtai , Chen Junyu , Jiang Yubo , Xiao Tiebo
Published: August 2021

A base-promoted one-pot, three-component reaction of TosMIC with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes and alkyl halides has been deveolped for the synthesis of isocyano-containing, densely functionalised gem-difluoroalkenes.
Conjugated molecule based 2D perovskites for high-performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhu Tao , Shen Lening , Chen Hanlin , Yang Yongrui , Zheng Luyao , Chen Rui , Zheng Jie , Wang Junpeng , Gong Xiong
Published: August 2021

Perovskite solar cells formed from a 2D/3D bilayer perovskite thin film, where 2D perovskites were created by novel conjugated molecules, exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 21.98% and a dramatically boosted stability was demonstrated.
The use of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to characterise the molecular mobility of G protein-coupled receptors in membrane microdomains: an update
Authors: Kilpatrick Laura E. , Hill Stephen J.
Published: August 2021

It has become increasingly apparent that some G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are not homogeneously expressed within the plasma membrane but may instead be organised within distinct signalling microdomains. These microdomains localise GPCRs in close proximity with other membrane proteins and intracellular signalling partners and could have profound implications for the spatial and temporal control of downstream signalling. In order to probe the molecular mechanisms that govern GPCR pharmacology within these domains, fluorescence techniques with effective single receptor sensitivity are required. Of these, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a technique that meets this sensitivity threshold. This short review will provide an update of the recent uses of FCS based techniques in conjunction with GPCR subtype selective fluorescent ligands to characterise dynamic ligand–receptor interactions in whole cells and using purified GPCRs.
Profiling novel pharmacology of receptor complexes using Receptor-HIT
Authors: Johnstone Elizabeth K.M. , Pfleger Kevin D.G.
Published: August 2021

Many receptors are able to undergo heteromerisation, leading to the formation of receptor complexes that may have pharmacological profiles distinct from those of the individual receptors. As a consequence of this, receptor heteromers can be classed as new drug targets, with the potential for achieving greater specificity and selectivity over targeting their constituent receptors. We have developed the Receptor-Heteromer Investigation Technology (Receptor-HIT), which enables the detection of receptor heteromers using a proximity-based reporter system such as bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Receptor-HIT detects heteromers in live cells and in real time, by utilising ligand-induced signals that arise from altered interactions with specific biomolecules, such as ligands or proteins. Furthermore, monitoring the interaction between the receptors and the specific biomolecules generates functional information about the heteromer that can be pharmacologically quantified. This review will discuss various applications of Receptor-HIT, including its use with different classes of receptors (e.g. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and others), its use to monitor receptor interactions both intracellularly and extracellularly, and also its use with genome-edited endogenous proteins.
The Effects of Written Stuttering Disclosure on the Perceptions of a Child Who Stutters
Authors: Snyder Greg , Manahan Ashlee , McKnight Peyton , Kornisch Myriam
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study measured between-groups differences in perceived speech skills and personality characteristics of a 12-year-old male child who stutters (CWS) as a function of a written factual stuttering disclosure statement, delivered by the CWS, his “mother,” or his “teacher.”

Method

Four hundred twenty-four college-age adults were assigned to one of four groups, including three experimental groups (i.e., written self-disclosure, mother-written disclosure, and teacher-written disclosure) and a control group (no written disclosure). Participants in the control conditions viewed a brief video of the CWS. In the experimental conditions, participants read a brief written disclosure statement for 30 s, followed by the same video used in the control condition. After viewing the video, all participants completed surveys relative to their perceptions of the CWS speech skills and personality characteristics.

Results

Results reveal that a written stuttering disclosure statement provided by the mother correlated with select significant desirable perceptual differences of the CWS, while a written disclosure statement provided by the CWS yielded insignificant or even undesirable perceptual differences of the CWS. Written stuttering disclosures provided by a “teacher” did not yield any significant between-groups differences in the perception of a CWS. Gender affiliation was found to be a source of covariance in a number of perceived speech skills and personality characteristics.

Conclusions

Written stuttering disclosure statements provided by the “mother” correlated with select favorable perceptual differences of speech skills and personal characteristics of a CWS. Clinically, the application of novel methods (written and oral disclosure statements) and sources (i.e., CWS advocates such as “mother” and “teacher”) of stuttering disclosure statement can be integrated into a systematic therapeutic program, creating an innovative approach of scaffolding self-advocacy via stuttering disclosure in CWS.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15505857
An improved YOLOv3‐tiny algorithm for vehicle detection in natural scenes
Authors: Huang Bingqiang , Lin Haiping , Hu Zejun , Xiang Xinjian , Yao Jiana
Published: August 2021

YOLO (You Only Look Once), as a target detection algorithm with good speed and precision, is widely used in the industry. In the process of driving, the vehicle image captured by the driving camera is detected and it extracts the license plate and the front part of the vehicle. Compared with the network structure of YOLOv3‐tiny algorithm, the acquisition method of anchor box is improved by combining the Birch algorithm. In order to improve the real‐time performance, the original two‐scale detection is added to the multi‐scale prediction of three‐scale detection to ensure its accuracy. Finally, the experimental results show that the improved YOLOv3‐tiny network structure proposed in this study can improve the performance of mean‐average‐precision, intersection over union and speed by 5.99%, 17.52% and 48.4%, respectively, and the algorithm has certain robustness.
Formation and influence analysis of electrolytic corrosion products on insulator surface
Authors: Cao Bin , Li Zong , Yang Daiming , Mu Lei , Liu Peng , Wang Liming , Yang Lianwu , Wu Yankun
Published: August 2021

Nowadays, end fitting corrosion reduces the mechanical strength and flashover voltage of insulators, forming a huge threat to high‐voltage direct current transmission lines. At present, the parameters of electrolytic corrosion inhibition measures are selected based on the premise of the constant annual corrosion rate. However, with the development of corrosion, corrosion products accumulate on the insulator surface, which may impact the corrosion rate. In order to clarify the influence of corrosion products, this work studied how corrosion products influence the corrosion rate from the corrosion phenomenon, corrosion current, feature and formation of corrosion products. The results showed that corrosion products of iron and zinc were excellent in adhesion on the insulator surface and could not be cleaned by rain, which was able to increase the corrosion rate. In future, in the selection of the quality of the zinc ring bonded on insulator fittings, there will be a demand to consider the influence of corrosion products on the corrosion rate.
Non‐invasive assessment of knee osteoarthritis patients using thermal imaging
Authors: Lohchab Viney , Rathod Pratik , Mahapatra Prasant K. , Bachhal Vikas , Hooda Aman
Published: August 2021

Radiography is a widely used method for grading and tracking the anatomical changes in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients. The ease of thermography in mapping functional information via the skin temperature (Tsk) helps in the diagnosis of various musculoskeletal diseases. There is a significant involvement of soft tissues in knee OA due to the complex osteoligamentous degeneration, which may affect the knee Tsk. A total of 62 patients with knee OA were analysed using thermography. The mean Tsk was computed by extracting the region of interest from the acquired thermal images using an automatic segmentation technique for frontal, lateral, and medial views. The mean Tsk for grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 30.96 ± 0.59, 31.56 ± 0.79, 31.40 ± 1.22, 32.20 ± 0.70 ˚C respectively. A significant temperature difference was found between grade 2 and 4 (p = 0.02, p = 0.018), grade 3 and 4 (p = 0.03, p = 0.02) for frontal and lateral views; whereas no significant difference was found between grade 2 and 3. Further, 2‐way ANOVA test showed that risk factors (like age, BMI and duration of disease) do affect the mean Tsk significantly with a p‐value of 0.0003, 0.02, and 0.008.
Magnon-phonon interactions in spin insulators
Authors: Shklovskij V. A.
Published: August 2021

This review presents the results about spin caloritronics obtained at the Department of Low Temperature Physics of the Kharkiv National University from 2017 to 2019 years. Several new directions in magneto-electronics: spintronics, spin caloritronics and magnonics, which emerged with the aim to reduce the energy dissipation in devices of usual semiconductor microelectronics, are discussed. Spintronic devices hold the promise of faster switching speeds, less total energy consumption, and higher density of circuit elements, lowering the heat production per switching element. Then the main results of the four papers published in Physical Review B are discussed: nonlinear relaxation between magnons and phonons in insulating ferromagnets; role of magnons and the size effect in heat transport through an insulating ferromagnet-insulator interface; spin Seebeck effect and phonon energy transfer in heterostructures containing layers of normal metal and ferroinsulator; temperature dependence of the magnon-phonon energy relaxation time in a ferromagnet insulator.
On the energy spectrum of the 3D velocity field, generated by an ensemble of vortex loops
Authors: Yurkina O. , Nemirovskii S. K.
Published: August 2021

The energy spectra of a three dimensional velocity field, induced by a set of vortex loops with various configurations are reviewed. This problem is closely related to the actual question of whether a chaotic set of vortex filaments can reproduce the real hydrodynamic turbulence. In the paper we discuss several cases that allow evaluating spectra in an exact form. The research was made for an ensemble of vortex rings of different sizes as well as for vortex loops with fractal Hausdorf dimension equal to 5/3, which corresponds to Flory’s vortex model, the so-called self-avoid lines. The results obtained are discussed.
Nuclear and electronic coherence in superfluid helium
Authors: Poluektov Yu. M.
Published: August 2021

A semi-phenomenological model of a many-particle system of 4He atoms is proposed, in which a helium atom is considered as a complex consisting of a nucleus and a bound pair of electrons in the singlet state. At zero temperature, there are two Bose–Einstein condensates of particles with opposite charges, namely, a condensate of positively charged nuclei and a condensate of negatively charged electron pairs. It is shown that in such a system there exist two excitation branches: sound and optical. On the basis of this model an interpretation of experiments on the study of the electrical activity of superfluid helium is proposed. The frequency at which the resonant absorption of a microwave radiation is observed is interpreted as a gap in the optical branch. It is shown that the distribution of the electric potential in a standing wave in a resonator is similar to that observed experimentally.
Multipole degrees of freedom in physics of high-spin quantum atomic gases
Authors: Bulakhov M. S. , Peletminskii A. S. , Slyusarenko Yu. V.
Published: August 2021

We provide the general arguments that quantum atomic gases of interacting high-spin atoms represent a physical system in which the multipole (hidden) degrees of freedom may be manifested. Their manifestation occurs when the interatomic interaction is of non-local type. For a local interaction described by the s-wave scattering length, the multipole degrees of freedom do not reveal themselves. To illustrate our findings, we theoretically examine the phenomenon of Bose–Einstein condensation in an interacting gas of spin-1 atoms in an external magnetic field. This study is based on the SU(2) invariant Hamiltonian, which has a bilinear structure in the spin and quadrupole operators along with the scalar term. It is shown that depending on the conditions imposed on the interaction amplitudes (stability conditions), the ground state of the system may exhibit three different phases: quadrupolar, ferromagnetic, and paramagnetic. The basic thermodynamic characteristics affected by hidden degrees of freedom are found for all phases.
High-throughput screening of nanoparticles in drug delivery
Authors: Tomé Inês , Francisco Vitor , Fernandes Hugo , Ferreira Lino
Published: August 2021

The use of pharmacologically active compounds to manage and treat diseases is of utmost relevance in clinical practice. It is well recognized that spatial-temporal control over the delivery of these biomolecules will greatly impact their pharmacokinetic profile and ultimately their therapeutic effect. Nanoparticles (NPs) prepared from different materials have been tested successfully in the clinic for the delivery of several biomolecules including non-coding RNAs (siRNA and miRNA) and mRNAs. Indeed, the recent success of mRNA vaccines is in part due to progress in the delivery systems (NP based) that have been developed for many years. In most cases, the identification of the best formulation was done by testing a small number of novel formulations or by modification of pre-existing ones. Unfortunately, this is a low throughput and time-consuming process that hinders the identification of formulations with the highest potential. Alternatively, high-throughput combinatorial design of NP libraries may allow the rapid identification of formulations with the required release and cell/tissue targeting profile for a given application. Combinatorial approaches offer several advantages over conventional methods since they allow the incorporation of multiple components with varied chemical properties into materials, such as polymers or lipid-like materials, that will subsequently form NPs by self-assembly or chemical conjugation processes. The current review highlights the impact of high-throughput in the development of more efficient drug delivery systems with enhanced targeting and release kinetics. It also describes the current challenges in this research area as well as future directions.
GQCP: The Ghent Quantum Chemistry Package
Authors: Lemmens Laurent , De Vriendt Xeno , Van Hende Daria , Huysentruyt Tobias , Bultinck Patrick , Acke Guillaume
Published: August 2021

The Ghent Quantum Chemistry Package (GQCP) is an open-source electronic structure software package that aims to provide an intuitive and expressive software framework for electronic structure software development. Its high-level interfaces (accessible through C++ and Python) have been specifically designed to correspond to theoretical concepts, while retaining access to lower-level intermediates and allowing structural run-time modifications of quantum chemical solvers. GQCP focuses on providing quantum chemical method developers with the computational “building blocks” that allow them to flexibly develop proof of principle implementations for new methods and applications up to the level of two-component spinor bases.
Multi-configurational short-range density functional theory can describe spin–spin coupling constants of transition metal complexes
Authors: Kjellgren Erik Rosendahl , Jensen Hans Jørgen Aagaard
Published: August 2021

The multi-configurational short-range (sr) density functional theory has been extended to the calculation of indirect spin–spin coupling constants (SSCCs) for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The performance of the new method is compared to Kohn–Sham density functional theory and the ab initio complete active space self-consistent field for a selected set of molecules with good reference values. Two density functionals have been considered, the local density approximation srLDA and srPBE from the GGA class of functionals. All srDFT calculations are of Hartree–Fock-type HF-srDFT or complete active space-type CAS-srDFT. In all cases, the calculated SSCC values are of the same quality for srLDA and srPBE functionals, suggesting that one should use the computationally cost-effective srLDA functionals in applications. For all the calculated SSCCs in organic compounds, the best choice is HF-srDFT; the more expensive CAS-srDFT does not provide better values for these single-reference molecules. Fluorine is a challenge; in particular, the FF, FC, and FO couplings have much higher statistical errors than the rest. For SSCCs involving fluorine and a metal atom CAS-srDFT with singlet, generalized Tamm–Dancoff approximation is needed to get good SSCC values although the reference ground state is not a multi-reference case. For VF6−1, all other considered models fail blatantly.
Nonreciprocal photonic spin Hall effect of magnetic Weyl semimetals
Authors: Da Haixia , Song Qi , Ye Huapeng , Yan Xiaohong
Published: August 2021

Magnetic Weyl semimetals allow the unique opportunities for the realizations of nonreciprocal optical properties, thermal radiation, and anomalous photon thermal Hall effect without the requirement of an external magnetic field. Here, we theoretically investigate the photonic spin Hall effect in the magnetic Weyl semimetal-based multilayered structure and demonstrate that this effect is nontrivial and nonreciprocal. Its induced nontrivial photonic spin Hall effect originates from the large differences between the reflectances under different polarized waves. In addition, the generation of this kind of nonreciprocal photonic spin Hall effect is guaranteed by the simultaneously broken space inversion symmetry and time reversal symmetry of this specific structure. Specially, the responses of nonreciprocal photonic spin Hall effect can sustain within a certain range of incident angle and it can be effectively manipulated by varying the Fermi energy of magnetic Weyl semimetals. Our work expands the fields of the photonic spin Hall effects and suggests magnetic Weyl semimetals potential candidates in the next-generation nonreciprocal spin photonic devices.
Low power spin–orbit torque switching in sputtered BiSb topological insulator/perpendicularly magnetized CoPt/MgO multilayers on oxidized Si substrate
Authors: Fan Tuo , Khang Nguyen Huynh Duy , Shirokura Takanori , Huy Ho Hoang , Hai Pham Nam
Published: August 2021

Topological insulators (TIs) are promising for efficient spin current sources in spin–orbit torque (SOT) magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM). However, TIs are usually deposited by molecular beam epitaxy on single crystalline III–V semiconductor or sapphire substrates, which are not suitable for realistic applications. Here, we studied SOT characteristics in sputtered BiSb topological insulator—Pt/Co/Pt—MgO heterostructures deposited on oxidized Si substrates, where Pt/Co/Pt trilayers have a large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field of 4.5 kOe. We show that the BiSb layer has a large effective spin Hall angle of θSHeff = 2.4 and a high electrical conductivity of σ = 1.0 × 105 Ω−1 m−1. The magnetization can be switched by a small current density of 2.3 × 106 A cm−2 at a pulse width of 100 µs, which is 1 or 2 orders of magnitudes smaller than those in heavy metals. Our work demonstrates the high efficiency and robustness of BiSb as a spin current source in realistic SOT-MRAM.
PM
Authors: Zhang Tianhao , Lu Bingqing , Quan Xiang , Wu Na , Shen Jiandong , Li Xiang
Published: August 2021

Environmental context Aerosol acidity, or aerosol aqueous phase pH, can affect various environmental processes. Based on high frequency measurements of particulate compositions, along with thermodynamic calculations, this work studies particle acidity in the course of severe episodes of haze in Shanghai and considers the effect of this on the production of nitrate. The results will provide new perspectives on our interpretation of PM2.5 acidity during haze episodes in megacities. Abstract Aerosol acidity is one of the most important parameters that can influence climate change and human health, which has been inadequately analysed in China. Here, hourly measurements of particulate compositions and the E-AIM II model (assuming thermodynamic equilibrium) were used to study particle acidity during severe episodes of haze in Shanghai. The total concentration of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium was 138.9 ± 50.6 μg m−3, maximum 241.3 μg m−3; and the PM2.5 to PM10 (PM2.5/PM10) ratio was 0.60. The fine particles detected were somewhat acidic, with a pH range of 0.04–4.50, average 2.34, which is higher than in some areas of the US and China. The relatively low particle acidity is attributed to particle water content levels. Furthermore, the growth rate of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium during a haze episode (Case 2) was faster than that during a clean episode (CE), owing to exacerbated effects of PM2.5 acidity in the event of high relative humidity (RH) on hazy days. Finally, the detected significant correlations of [NO3−]/[SO42−] with [NH4+]/[SO42−] in conditions of abundant NH4+ indicate that NO3− in Shanghai is primarily formed through homogeneous reaction between ambient NH3 and HNO3. These findings provide new perspectives on our interpretation of PM2.5 acidity during haze episodes in megacities.
Future changes in stratospheric quasi-stationary wave-1 in the extratropical southern hemisphere spring and summer as simulated by ACCESS-CCM
Authors: Stone Kane A. , Klekociuk Andrew R. , Schofield Robyn
Published: August 2021

Seasonally dependent quasi-stationary planetary wave activity in the southern hemisphere influences the distribution of ozone within and near the equatorward edge of the stratospheric polar vortex. Accurate representation of this zonal asymmetry in ozone is important in the characterisation of stratospheric circulation and climate and their associated effects at the surface. In this study, we used the Australian Community and Climate Earth System Simulator-Chemistry Climate Model to investigate the influence of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ozone depleting substances (ODSs) on the zonal asymmetry of total column ozone (TCO) and 10 hPa zonal wind between 50 and 70°S. Sensitivity simulations were used from 1960 to 2100 with fixed ODSs and GHGs at 1960 levels and a regression model that uses equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine and carbon dioxide equivalent radiative forcing as the regressors. The model simulates the spring and summer zonal wave-1 reasonably well, albeit with a slight bias in the phase and amplitude compared to observations. An eastward shift in the TCO and 10 hPa zonal wave-1 is associated with both decreasing ozone and increasing GHGs. Amplitude increases are associated with ozone decline and amplitude decreases with GHG increases. The influence of ODSs typically outweigh those by GHGs, partly due to the GHG influence on TCO phase at 50°S likely being hampered by the Andes. Therefore, over the 21st century, influence from ozone recovery causes a westward shift and a decrease in amplitude. An exception is at 70°S during spring, where the GHG influence is larger than that of ozone recovery, causing a continued eastward trend throughout the 21st century. Also, GHGs have the largest influence on the 10 hPa zonal wave-1 phase, but still only induce a small change in the wave-1 amplitude. Different local longitudes also experience different rates of ozone recovery due to the changes in phase of the zonal wave-1. The results from this study have important implications for understanding future ozone layer distribution in the Southern Hemisphere under changing GHG and ODS concentrations. Important future work would involve conducting a similar study using a large ensemble of models to gain more statistically significant results.
ENHANCED GRAVITROPISM 2encodes a STERILE ALPHA MOTIF–containing protein that controls root growth angle in barley and wheat
Authors: Kirschner Gwendolyn K. , Rosignoli Serena , Guo Li , Vardanega Isaia , Imani Jafargholi , Altmüller Janine , Milner Sara G. , Balzano Raffaella , Nagel Kerstin A. , Pflugfelder Daniel , Forestan Cristian , Bovina Riccardo , Koller Robert , Stöcker Tyll G. , Mascher Martin , Simmonds James , Uauy Cristobal , Schoof Heiko , Tuberosa Roberto , Salvi Silvio , Hochholdinger Frank
Published: August 2021

Significance

To date, the potential of utilizing root traits in plant breeding remains largely untapped. In this study, we cloned and characterized theENHANCED GRAVITROPISM2(EGT2) gene of barley that encodes a STERILE ALPHA MOTIF domain–containing protein. We demonstrated thatEGT2is a key gene of root growth angle regulation in response to gravity, which is conserved in barley and wheat and could be a promising target for crop improvement in cereals.
ChlamydomonasLZTFL1 mediates phototaxis via controlling BBSome recruitment to the basal body and its reassembly at the ciliary tip
Authors: Sun Wei-Yue , Xue Bin , Liu Yan-Xia , Zhang Rui-Kai , Li Rong-Chao , Xin Wen , Wu Mingfu , Fan Zhen-Chuan
Published: August 2021

Significance

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) characteristic of blindness, obesity, and kidney anomalies is a rare human ciliopathy. BBS could result from disrupted ciliary dynamics of the BBSome, a conserved octamer of BBS proteins, which facilitates intraflagellar transport with the ciliary entry and/or removal of signaling proteins. Here, we show that LZTFL1 mediates phototaxis through balancing BBSomes available for transporting into and out of cilia. LZTFL1 controls the BBSome basal body amount available for entering cilia by promoting BBS3 targeting to the basal bodies. LZTFL1 simultaneously promotes BBSome removal out of cilia by stabilizing IFT25/27, a regulator essential for BBSome reassembly at the ciliary tip. LZTFL1 applies this dual-mode system to maintain BBSome ciliary dynamics, providing a mechanistic mechanism for BBS disorder.
SPATA33 localizes calcineurin to the mitochondria and regulates sperm motility in mice
Authors: Miyata Haruhiko , Oura Seiya , Morohoshi Akane , Shimada Keisuke , Mashiko Daisuke , Oyama Yuki , Kaneda Yuki , Matsumura Takafumi , Abbasi Ferheen , Ikawa Masahito
Published: August 2021

Significance

Calcineurin is a target of immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine A and tacrolimus. In the immune system, calcineurin interacts with NFAT via the PxIxIT motif to activate T cells. In contrast, little is known about the proteins that interact with a testis-enriched calcineurin that is essential for sperm motility and male fertility. Here, we discovered that calcineurin interacts with SPATA33 via a PQIIIT sequence in the testis. Further analyses reveal that SPATA33 plays critical roles in sperm motility and male fertility. Our finding sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms of sperm motility regulation and the etiology of human male fertility. Furthermore, it may help us not only understand reproductive toxicities but also develop nonhormonal male contraceptives.
Dissecting the role of interprotomer cooperativity in the activation of oligomeric high-temperature requirement A2 protein
Authors: Toyama Yuki , Harkness Robert W. , Kay Lewis E.
Published: August 2021

Significance

The HtrA2 enzyme removes toxic proteins in mitochondria, ensuring proper cellular function. HtrA2 malfunction is associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor. HtrA2 is composed of three copies of a protein chain, and the ways in which these chains communicate to form a functional enzyme are not well understood. Here, we have used NMR spectroscopy in concert with a strategy for producing trimers containing different types of chains to elucidate the mechanisms by which the HtrA2 enzyme is regulated. Our data lead to a model explaining how HtrA2 suppresses proteolysis of nonsubstrate proteins and, furthermore, how a single point mutation in HtrA2 that leads to neurodegeneration in mice gives rise to an inactive enzyme.
Laser-subcycle control of electronic excitation across system boundaries
Authors: Dorner-Kirchner Martin , Erattupuzha Sonia , Larimian Seyedreza , Koch Markus , Hanus Václav , Kangaparambil Sarayoo , Paulus Gerhard , Baltuška Andrius , Xie Xinhua , Kitzler-Zeiler Markus , Wang YanLan , Lai XuanYang , Yu ShaoGang , Sun RenPing , Liu XiaoJun
Published: August 2021

We report on the results of a joint experimental and numerical study on the sub-cycle laser field-driven electron dynamics that underlie the population of highly excited electronic states in multiply ionized argon dimers by electron recapture processes. Our experiments using few-cycle laser pulses with a known carrier-envelope phase (CEP) in combination with reaction microscopy reveal a distinct CEP-dependence of the electron emission and recapture process and, furthermore, a small but significant CEP-offset to the scenario in which no excited argon dimers are produced. With the help of classical ensemble trajectory simulations we trace down these different CEP-dependencies to subtle differences in the laser-driven sub-cycle electron trajectory dynamics that involve in both cases the transfer of an electron from one argon ion across the system boundary to the neighboring ion and its transient capture on this ion.
Near-infrared emission from spatially indirect excitons in type II ZnTe/CdSe/(Zn,Mg)Te core/double-shell nanowires
Authors: Wojnar Piotr , Płachta Jakub , Reszka Anna , Lähnemann Jonas , Kaleta Anna , Kret Sławomir , Baranowski Piotr , Wójcik Maciej , Kowalski Bogdan J , Baczewski Lech T , Karczewski Grzegorz , Wojtowicz Tomasz
Published: August 2021

ZnTe/CdSe/(Zn, Mg)Te core/double-shell nanowires are grown by molecular beam epitaxy by employing the vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism assisted with gold catalysts. A photoluminescence study of these structures reveals the presence of an optical emission in the near infrared. We assign this emission to the spatially indirect exciton recombination at the ZnTe/CdSe type II interface. This conclusion is confirmed by the observation of a significant blue-shift of the emission energy with an increasing excitation fluence induced by the electron–hole separation at the interface. Cathodoluminescence measurements reveal that the optical emission in the near infrared originates from nanowires and not from two-dimensional residual deposits between them. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the emission energy in the near infrared depends on the average CdSe shell thickness and the average Mg concentration within the (Zn, Mg)Te shell. The main mechanism responsible for these changes is associated with the strain induced by the (Zn, Mg)Te shell in the entire core/shell nanowire heterostructure.