bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Plastic Deformation Process of the Glass Mold Parts
Authors: Chereches Tudor , Lixandru Paul , Mazuru Sergiu , Cosovschi Pavel , Dragnea Daniel
Published: October 2014

In our present days numerical simulation became an important tool of engineering. Numerical simulation methods allow quantitative examination of the complex processes and phenomena in the general area of physics and also provide an insight in their dynamic evolution and even can become important tools for the discovery of new phenomena. In essence, the numerical simulation transfer important aspect of physical reality in discrete forms of mathematical description recreates and solves the problems on computer and finally, highlights issues that the analyst required. This modern numerical method approach, attacks the original problems in all their details on a much larger platform with a much smaller number of assumptions and approximations, in comparison to traditional methods. Transposition of the physics problems in the virtual space, governed by the force of computers, numerical simulation - as scientific approach - is becoming increasingly interesting for many fields of research. Basically, by means of numerical simulation are addressed fields such as mechanics deformable solids, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, biomechanics, astrophysics. Numerical simulations follow a similar procedure to all the scientific approach, which consists in going through several stages, as follows: the phenomenon, the physical model, mathematical model, discrete model, and coding, numerical solution. In the plastic deformation of metals are involved, besides the mechanical properties and some thermal properties because even if the process is applied in the initial state to a cold material, along the process changes occur because of friction between materials and tools and transformation of plastic mechanical work into heat. Basic mechanical properties of the materials are underline through characteristic diagrams of materials obtained in simple tests of traction and compression. These tests were carried out in the Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Romanian Research & Development Institute for Gas Turbines COMOTI, Institute for Calculating and Testing Aero-Astronautic Structures STRAERO, SC UPS PILOT ARM Ltd, and Asachi Technical University of Iasi. To achieve the major objectives of the numerical simulation of the technological process of cold plastic deformation, are incorporated into the physical model three types of surfaces: cylindrical, conical and profiled. The sizes of the initial geometry were established in accordance with the basic dimensions of processed products by this method. For delimiting surfaces to be machined, the addition of grip (the tail) has a reduced diameter. Geometric models provide strength and rigidity needed for safely and accurately processing technology of cold plastic deformation. Geometric models and specimens which had been subjected to tensile tests, compression and hardness were made in the Glass Factory, Chisinau, Moldova.
Digital Scanning Method for Thickness Analysis of Hollow Parts Manufactured by Incremental Forming on a CNC Lathe
Authors: Neagoe Ion , Filip Alexandru Catalin , Manolescu Alexandru
Published: October 2014

Incremental forming is one of the manufacturing methods which uses relative simple technological equipment and can assure a high rate of the process flexibility. These requirements can assure the efficiency demanded by the industrial market, in the case of small production batches, which occur more and more often nowadays. To ensure the stability of the process, the required quality and dimensional accuracy of the parts have to be well controlled. This requires the evaluation of the parts dimensions by certain measurements. For hollow parts, the measurement of their thickness is always a challenge, mainly when the dimensions are smaller and their depth is greater. This paper presents a digital method for the parts dimensional evaluation and analysis, which can be very accurate and does not need mechanical contacts with the part during measurements. The parts were scanned with a 3D blue light scanner, on their both sides and then the data was processed into specialized software, to obtain the parts digital surface from the 3D scanned data. The digital data was compared with the theoretical approach, to establish some conclusions on the validity of the sinus law and to point out the critical zones, where the thinning is strong and may cause fractures. The digital scanning method presented can be used also for quality control and inspection, as the processing steps are considered user-friendly and easy to adapt to certain specific requirements.
Software Tool Used for Simulation of Metal Spinning Process for Complex Rotational Parts
Authors: Cioca Traian , Oancea Gheorghe , Filip Alexandru Catalin
Published: October 2014

Metal spinning on NC machine-tools is a very flexible and complex manufacturing method which has a high efficiency for small series of parts and prototype parts. The algorithms used for calculating the roller trajectory during the metal spinning process are usually complicated and hard to apply into production. This article presents an original application developed using Visual LISP that can be used for calculating and then simulating and testing the roller trajectory in the case of manufacturing rotational complex parts by metal spinning. The simulation prevents any errors that can occur during the process of manufacturing before the parts are actually put into production.
Analysis of Geometry Deviations in Case of Conical Mini-Parts Obtained by Forming Process from Copper-Zinc Alloy (CuZn37) Sheets
Authors: Teaca Robert Stefanut , Brabie Gheorghe
Published: October 2014

Mini forming is an appropriate technology to manufacture small metal parts, as these are required in many industrial products resulting from mini-technology. This paper work want to underline the fact that even in down scale there are problems regarding deviation from the required dimensions. One of the problems is scaling effects, which occur in tribological aspects such as the friction coefficient, which increases with decreasing specimen size. Simulations investigations into mini forming process were carried out and mini conical parts have been obtained with different geometries. . The main objective is to observe and quantify behaviour of the mini parts during forming process and geometry deviations that affect the final product. The material used in this analysis is copper - zinc alloy with anisotropic properties. During forming process of conical mini-parts, the material record important variation along the part length and generate important shape deviation. This phenomenon causes deviations of sidewall angle, superior diameter, inferior diameter, mini part height, and connection radius between the part bottom and sidewall. There are multiple factors that affect the geometry deviations: sidewall angle, friction coefficient, tools gap, punch radius, and punch speed. The Dynaform 5.9.1 software was used to simulate the forming process. The part obtained after each simulation was analyzed and measured to quantify the deviation from the desired geometry on the final conical mini-part. In the final part of this paper some conclusions regarding geometry deviation of conical mini-parts obtained by forming are presented.
Researches Regarding the Usage of Titanium Alloys in Cranial Implants
Authors: Cotigă Carmen , Bologa Octavian , Racz Sever Gabriel , Breaz Radu Eugen
Published: October 2014

In the last few decades, the concept of flexible manufacturing has started to gain more and more attention, as an adaptation of production methods to the increasingly varied demands by customers. Therefore, new procedures have been introduced as alternatives to the classical ones, a very promising one being incremental forming [. A possible application for this new procedure, targeted by the authors of this paper, is the manufacturing of custom-shaped prosthetic parts for use in various areas of human medicine. Such prostheses can have a functional role, when they target the replacing of a functional component of the human body, or an esthetic role, when they target the solving of problems related to the appearance of the human body. Among all titanium and its alloys, the mainly used materials in biomedical field are the commercially pure titanium (cp Ti, grade 2) and Ti6Al4V (grade 5) alloy [.
Study Concerning the Maximal Depth of a Cylindrical Part Made from Tailor Welded Blanks
Authors: Albut Aurelian , Zichil Valentin , Judele Adrian
Published: October 2014

The formability of tailor welded blanks is significantly reduced compared with the homogeneous blanks. This phenomenon is caused by the fact that there is a severe change in the material property sideways the welding line. Within 2-3 mm, in case of laser welding maybe less, there is a gradient of mechanical characteristics of materials. The research work presented in this paper deals with numerical simulation regarding forming of a cylindrical shaped part made from tailored blanks (TWBs), having the welding line situated symmetrical with respect to the part geometry. Due to dissimilar parent materials of the TWBs, it is difficult to anticipate the maximal depth of the formed part. The presented research is trying to determine the maximal depth of the TWBs part based on the maximal depth of the parts obtained from each parent material partly. To simulate the forming process of the cylindrical part the academically version of the Dynaform 5.8.1 software have been used. The obtained results are presented in the final part of this paper work.
Design and Implementation of a Device for Nanostructuring of Metallic Materials by Multiaxial Forging Method
Authors: Cazac Alin Marian , Bejinariu Costică , Ionita Iulian , Toma Stefan Lucian , Rodu Cosmin
Published: October 2014

This paper presents materialization through a device of severe plastic deformation process by multiaxial forging. In essence, by design, the device includes a board reinforced with fretting rings where the severe plastic deformation takes place and an assembly, punch-counterpunch that transmits the force from the source and performs multiaxial forging as a discontinuous process. The device has a high level of universality and has the following advantages: contains an extraction system of deformed blank from the active fretted broad; ensures workpiece centering into place of active plate, contains a system for measuring the strength of forging; can be used on any type of press.
Finite Element Analysis to Predict the Mechanical Behavior of Lattice Structures Made by Selective Laser Melting Technology
Authors: Păcurar Răzvan , Păcurar Ancuţa , Petrilak Anna , Bâlc Nicolae
Published: October 2014

Within this article, there are presented a series of researches that are related to the field of customized medical implants made by Additive Manufacturing techniques, such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology. Lattice structures are required in this case for a better osteointegration of the medical implant in the contact area of the bone. But the consequence of using such structures is important also by the mechanical resistance point of view. The shape and size of the cells that are connected within the lattice structure to be manufactured by SLM is critical in this case. There are also few limitations related to the possibilities and performances of the SLM equipment, as well. This is the reason why, several types of lattice structures were designed as having different geometric features, with the aim of analyzing by using finite element method, how the admissible stress and strain will be varied in these cases and what would be the optimum size and shape of the cells that confers the optimum mechanical behavior of lattice structures used within the SLM process of the customized medical implant manufactured from titanium-alloyed materials.
Study on Identification and Classification of Causes which Generate Welds Defects
Authors: Luca Liliana , Cîrţînă Liviu Marius , Stancioiu Alin
Published: October 2014

In the practice of organizations, we notice the existence of a problem which influences negatively the operating parameters of a product and it has to be very accurately identified and proposals have to be drawn-up in order to remove it. This paper presents a method for assessing the quality of welding by applying one of the classic instruments of quality management. The clauses that generate welding defects are identified and classified. The causes are also grouped in two large categories: positive causes and negative causes depending on the effect they have on the studied problem. An Ishikawa diagram with a new formula 4M+4RM was proposed, to separate the positive causes from the negative ones. The importance of this method is also mentioned in the analysis of quality products.
Influence of the Spraying Distance and Jet Temperature on the Porosity and Adhesion of the Ti Depositions, Obtained by Thermal Spraying in Electric Arc - Thermal Activated
Authors: Toma Stefan Lucian , Badescu Magda , Ionita Iulian , Ciocoiu Manuela , Eva Lucian
Published: October 2014

This paper presents an experimental study carried out on the properties of Ti depositions, obtained through thermal spraying in electric arc - thermally activated. The spraying process is a combination between the classical process of thermal spraying and the spraying process in flame. Finite elements analysis of the thermal spraying process in electric arc, allowed the estimated determination of the temperature variations of the jet drive, of the amount of gaseous fuel and also of the optimum spraying distance. The investigations, carried out through the performing electron microscopy analyses (SEM), X-ray diffraction, by determining the porosity and the adhesion of the Ti deposition, allowed the highlight fact that through an optimum choosing of the entrainment jet temperature, are producing dense Ti deposits, characterized by high adhesion (16%). In addition, the deposit porosity -required for integration of the biocompatible materials, can be controlled by the optimal choosing of the spray distance.
Study on Processing of Titanium Aluminide Alloy Using Electrical Discharge Machining
Authors: Trifănescu Mihai , Banu Alexandra , Vişan Aurelian , Ionescu Nicolae , Paraschiv Alexandru , Savin Alevandru
Published: October 2014

Currently there is a continuous extension of application areas of titanium aluminides but their processing encounters a number of difficulties such as the precision of machining and modifying the properties of the surface layer. In the specialist literature [1, 2, 4, 7] different authors address the processing of these materials by conventional methods. In this context, this paper aims at finding the optimal regimes for the electrical discharge machining (EDM) of titanium aluminides Ti-40Al-5NB-3V and provides the analysis of the process parameters effect on cutting through wire EDM technological characteristics. In the case of wire EDM a relatively good output has been obtained as well as very good roughness of the processed surfaces. On the contrary, when considering the die sinking edm, due to very small output, several experimental measurements were performed on three machines – Sodick, ONA and ELER. Based on the experimental data, it has been established that the best output is to be obtained by reverse polarity machining.
Geometric Deformations of Welded Metallic Structures
Authors: Ene Căscătău Andreea Mădălina , Plassais Patrice , Gheorghe Marian
Published: October 2014

Various research on the influence of different process parameters on quality characteristics of metallic structures assembled by welding have been accomplished [1 - 8, etc.]. The deformations of metallic structure components assembled by welding depend on the characteristics of the components, welded gap, welding speed, scheme and time of components fixing, etc. The paper presents the data and main results of an experimental research on the influence of two process parameters - the welding gap and the fixing time of the components - on the geometric deformations of certain metallic structure components in industrial conditions. Complex experiment and set-up including industrial welding robot and advanced measurement system have been designed and used. The geometric deformations of the welded metallic structure components are caused by forces and phenomenon heating - cooling, i.e. dilatation - contraction, respectively, acting during the periods of fixing - welding, fixing - cooling, cooling without fixing. Relevant dependences between the geometric deformation of welded structure and the considered influencing process parameters have been evidenced.
Experimental Research Regarding the Influence of Hydraulic Resistances on the Hydrostatic Guideways Stiffness
Authors: Pascu Marius , Stan Gheorghe
Published: October 2014

A very important factor for the hydrostatic guideways is given by the presence of the restrictor on the supply circuit, whose hydraulic resistance may have important effects on the lubricant film behaviour and implicitly, on the static and dynamic stiffness of the system. This paper presents a new method of experimental research regarding the hydrostatic guideway stiffness, depending on the hydraulic resistances values which supply each pocket. During the experiments which approach the influence of the hydraulic resistances values of the restrictors on the hydrostatic guideway stiffness, a centered constant loads of 20, 50 and 100 [daN] was used. The experiments were carried out on an experimental setup composed of an open hydrostatic guideway, having the pocket dimensions of 150x88 [m, supplied with liquid under pressure through means of a pack of adjustable restrictors. The obtained experimental results are presented in both tabular and graphical form and constitute an experimental database which can be used by the machine tools designers and manufacturers. The paper contains recommendations regarding the usage of hydraulic resistances values depending on the machine tool type and size. Also, from the obtained results, recommendations can be made with regard to the type of restrictors to be used, so that the lubricant filtration grade is comprised between admissible values.
Braking Solution for a Hydraulically Driven Linear Pallet Changer Mechanism
Authors: Mihăilă Lucian , Stan Gheorghe
Published: October 2014

The use of machining centres is predominant in the case of small and medium size batch manufacturing, their advantages being materialised in high productivity. The productivity is owed, mainly, to the small auxiliary times consumed with the tool and material change, times which are served by the automatic tool changer system and the automatic pallet changer. The purpose of this article researches aims to determine the kinematic parameters of an hydraulically driven linear pallet changer in two cases (when the deceleration is carried out through a throttle and when the deceleration is made through a new solution). Thus, an experimental set-up, which matches an hydraulically driven linear pallet changer, was designed and built. The experiments aimed toward using a classic braking method of hydraulic cylinders and a new two-stage braking with counter-pressure limitation.
Expanding Research in the Field of Asymmetric Gear Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Ravai Nagy Sándor , Lobonţiu Mircea
Published: October 2014

Studies and research in the field of cylindrical gear transmission capacity have identified gears with asymmetric teeth as a suitable solution. In addition to sizing problems of the gears with asymmetric teeth, there is a strong need of their manufacturing solutions, which requires adaptation of the existing gear manufacturing and control technologies. Following the application of the test procedure for the first batch of teeth set in advance, an 11-27% increased load capacity of the gear tooth resulted, which led to a similar increase of the maximum torque transmitted by the gearing. By studying and trying the manufacturing technologies of the gears, we made gears with asymmetric teeth with finished flanks by grinding in accuracy class 5-6. And we use these gears to make a one-stage gearbox, for further research.
Research on Optimization of a Chain of Dimensions that Determine the Parallelism between Two Axes
Authors: Rădulescu Constanţa , Cîrţînă Liviu Marius , Luca Liliana
Published: October 2014

In this paper is presented a statistical method for calculating the establishment of tolerances of a chain of complex dimensions, method which is applied quickly and efficiently by a computer program. The question that arises is the influence of a reducer shaft axis non-parallelism that can lead to some shortcomings in its operation. These deficiencies are based on the size of deviation from parallelism of the axes of the two shafts. For their removal was necessary to study the chain of dimensions which was formed to mount the type of reducer 1400-30/7ERC. Using the data obtained in practice by running a computer program achieved CALTOL was determined statistical tolerance deviation from parallelism between the axis reducer shafts.
Comparison and Evaluation of Information Security Models for Access Control
Authors: Anton Nicolae , Nedelcu Anișor
Published: October 2014

This paper presents an approach to various forms of security and different access levels required in an information system by analyzing mathematical models that can be applied to this field. By describing their structural characteristics and how they find implementation in the study of information security, this paper underlines the necessity, means and effectiveness of information security modeling. The conclusions of this paper highlight the importance of a well-defined security risk management and how achieving this goal provides an opening for future research.
Computer Aided Analysis of Composite Structural Elements
Authors: Majzner Michał , Baier Andrzej
Published: October 2014

The article presents a reflection on the definition of the feature, which enabled the development of feature-based method for modeling of composite structural components. The need for defining feature is a direct result of the ambiguity of statements or narrow definitions and their applications. So far are well developed feature, which are used in process design (CAD) - geometric feature, design feature and in the process of manufacturing (CAM) - Technology feature, and also focused on functionality (CAE - motion simulation) functional feature. The feature representation of a fully functioning feature-based system that does the aggregation of information about the structure of a construction object made from layered composites.. This approach is based on a single, independent feature representation that can be used for design, finite element analysis, technology process planning. The paper describes the main approach to the engineering analysis with the use of FEM and a convenient method of simplifying the geometry of the model and the composition of the composite. Also discussed are possible extensions to features to enhance the finite element meshing process.
Dynamic Behavior of Long Turned Workpieces
Authors: Seghedin Neculai Eugen , Horodincă Mihăiţă , Chitariu Dragos , Drosescu Radu
Published: October 2014

One of the most important parameters used in the evaluation of machining technological systems is the dynamic quality, represented by the system stability and the specific feature of the reaction to the external factors, during the machining process. The dynamic quality of the machining system is given by the dynamic quality of the machine tool, cutting tool, cutting tool holding device, workpiece fixture. The dynamic behavior of the machining system is given by the behavior of the elastic subsystem of the workpiece and tool. In the case that the deformation of the machine tool is negligible in relation with the two subcomponents of the technological system, mentioned, these can be studied separately. It is important to determine which is the weakest link of the technological system or to determine which is the component that can lead to the loss of the stability of the entire system. In the paper it is studied the dynamic behavior of the turned long, flexible workpieces. The workpieces are clamped in the lathes chuck and in the tailstock. The natural vibrational frequencies are determined according to a series of parameters as the diameter of the workpieces, axial forces applied by the tailstock.
The Behavior of the Virtual Human Head-Neck System during the Main Movements
Authors: Ciunel Stefanita , Duță Alina , Popa Dragos Laurentiu , Popa-Mitroi Gheorghe , Dumitru Violeta
Published: October 2014

The subject of this paper permits the cooperation between many researchers which activate in different fields, which have the capacity to develop informational methods and technologies to solve difficult problems given by the complexity of the scientifically target. Using computer-aided design (CAD) and dynamic simulation programs was developed a virtual model of the cervical human spine that includes the main muscle groups simulated by springs with dynamic parameters, nonlinear and variable. Were studied the main types of movements (displacements) lateral bending (left-right) and flexion-extension movements.
Smart Adaptive CNC Machining - State of the Art
Authors: Vasiloni Anton Mircea , Dragoi Mircea Viorel
Published: October 2014

Condition monitoring is becoming popular in industry because of its efficient role in detecting potential failures. The use of condition monitoring techniques will generally improve plant production availability and reduce downtime cost. A reliable adaptive control system can prevent downtime of the machine or avoid unwanted conditions such as chatter vibration, excessive tool wear by allowing the optimum utilization of the tool life. To ensure the quality of machining products, reduce the machining costs and increase the machining efficiency, it is necessary to adjust the machining parameters in real time. A survey of actual researches is presented in this paper in purpose to define new directions of improvement of adaptive control towards smart machining systems.
Active Suspension System to Improve Ride Comfort Performance of Electric Vehicle (EV) Conversion
Authors: Abu Bakar Saiful Anuar , Abdul Aziz Azhar
Published: October 2014

This paper presents an evaluation of ride comfort performance of a passenger vehicle when converted into an electric vehicle (EV). The evaluations were done using a validated 7 degrees of freedom of vehicle’s ride model. The developed vehicle’s ride model was used to predict the vehicle’s ride behaviours when subjected to random road profiles. The ride model of EV conversion was then integrated with the active suspension system in order to further improve the EV conversion’s ride comfort performance. It was found that the modifications of a normal passenger vehicle into an EV conversion do not affect vehicle’s ride comfort performance significantly, except the conversion changes only the magnitude of vehicle’s vertical displacement, pitch rate and pitch angle responses. However, the integration of an active suspension system in EV conversions ride model was improves the observed responses of EV conversion’s ride comfort performance by overall improvement of 65.7 percents.
Effect of Premixed Diesel Fuel on Partial HCCI Combustion Characteristics
Authors: Teoh Y.H. , Masjuki H.H. , Kalam M.A. , Amalina Muhammad Afifi , How H.G.
Published: October 2014

This study investigated the effects of premixed diesel fuel on the auto-ignition characteristics in a light duty compression ignition engine. A partial homogeneous chargecompression ignition (HCCI) engine was modified from a single cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection compression ignition engine. The partial HCCI is achieved by injecting diesel fuel into the intake port of the engine, while maintaining diesel fuel injected in cylinder for combustion triggering. The auto-ignition of diesel fuel has been studied at various premixed ratios from 0 to 0.60, under engine speed of 1600 rpm and 20Nm load. The results for performance, emissions and combustion were compared with those achieved without premixed fuel. From the heat release rate (HRR) profile which was calculated from in-cylinder pressure, it is clearly observed that two-stage and three-stage ignition were occurred in some of the cases. Besides, the increases of premixed ratio to some extent have significantly reduced in NO emission.
Microstructural Change of a Ti-10at%Mo-10at%Cr Alloy on Sintering Process
Authors: Kurniawan Eko , Syarif Junaidi , Sajuri Zainuddin , Rasani Mohammad Rasidi
Published: October 2014

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in automotive industry due to their high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, high temperature capability and low density. In this study, the microstructural changes of Ti-10at%Mo-10at%Cr alloy on sintering process was observed to clarify alloying behavior. The sample was fabricated using powder metallurgy process with two main operations on sintering process, ie sintering in a vacuum condition at temperatures of 1573K and furnace cooling with. Microstructures were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The distribution of elements in the sample was analyzed using SEM - energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Micrograph of the samples after sintering process shows the microstructure of bright-circle structures, equiaxed structures, plate-like structures and pores. Composition of microstructures changed with the prolonging of sintering time. The microstructural change was due to diffusion of composing elements on sintering. The bright-circle and the equiaxed structure significantly decreased, while the plate-like structure increased, as sintering time increased. Moreover, the volume fraction of the pores slightly increased. On the other hand, mechanical properties of the sample, namely hardness was increased. This observations revealed that the sintering, which promotes the diffusion of alloying elements, have a significant influence on the microstructural changes.
Conceptual Thermosyphonic Loop Cooled Thermoelectric Power Cogeneration System for Automotive Applications
Authors: Sim Jason , Zulkifli Rozli , Abdullah Shahrir
Published: October 2014

Thermoelectric cogeneration may be applied to the exhaust of an automobile to generate additional electric power, by applying a temperature differential across the thermoelectric power generation modules. To obtain maximum net power, the highest allowable temperature difference should be obtained. Therefore, a cooling system should be employed to ensure that the cold side of the thermoelectric modules remain as cold as possible. An evaporative cooling system patented by Einstein and Szilard is used as a base for a non-parasitic cooling system to be used together with thermoelectric modules. The cooling system utilizes the same heat which powers the thermoelectric modules as a power source. By utilizing the high solubility of ammonia in water, the solubility dependency with temperature, and usage of polar and non-polar solvents to direct the flow of ammonia as a coolant, it is possible to create a cooling system which performs better than passive heat sinks, but negates the power requirements of active cooling systems.
Twin Pulsating Jets Impingement Heat Transfer for Fuel Preheating in Automotives
Authors: Gitan Ali Ahmed , Zulkifli Rozli , Sopian Kamaruzaman , Abdullah Shahrir
Published: October 2014

The problem of environmental pollution and depletion of fossil fuel can be reduced in automotives by using an alternative bio-fuel and improve the ignition process in engine. Both solutions need to use the fuel preheating technique. This work presents the idea of fuel preheating by using exhaust impingement on the fuel tank. Heat transfer between twin pulsating hot air jets and flat copper target was investigated as an application for preheating of automotive fuel to improve ignition process in the engine. The nozzle of 20 mm was used to produce air jet of Reynolds number, Re ≃ 5500 and a temperature of 54°C. The impinged target was imposed to still air surrounding at temperature of 24°C. Pulsating frequencies of 10-50 Hz were applied on air jets by using twin pulsating jet mechanism. The effect of pulsation frequency on heat transfer was measured using IR camera and heat flux-temperature micro foil sensor. The results obtained by both of these methods showed well agreement. Also, the results revealed significant influence of flow rate difference between steady and pulsating jet cases. In addition, the highest Nusselt number, Nu ≃ 7.2, was obtained at pulsation frequency of 20 Hz.
Numerical Study of Circle Fractal Grid Perforated Plate as a Turbulent Generator in Combustion Chamber
Authors: Fahmi Mohammed , Manshoor Bukhari , Khalid Amir , Al-Hafiz Mohammed
Published: October 2014

Fractal grids can be used to design turbulent flows with low power losses and high turbulence intensities for intense yet economic mixing over a region of designed length and location. The introducing circle grid perforated plate is the main aim of this present paper. In this numerical work, we want to ascertain a new approach in turbulence generators on the structure of premixes flames using perforated plate fractal-grids pattern. In this paper, we compared circle grid perforated plate by varies using its diameters, spacing and number of holes on the plate. The result showed good perceptivity of the fractal generated turbulence and the fractal flow physics. The turbulent intensity can be increased by a grid with higher blockage ratio.
Monitoring the Petrol Engine Oil Viscosity: Investigation of the Capability of the Metal Magnetic Memory Technology
Authors: Inayatullah Othman , Chin Wang Siow , Jamaludin Nordin , Abdullah Shahrum , Ariffin Azli
Published: October 2014

An engine lubrication system is one of the main factors which influence engine life span, and it can be easily determined based on the viscosity of the engine oil. The current and common technology for monitoring and the determination of the engine oil viscosity using the oil analysis method is found to be uneconomical and ineffective. On the same vein, this paper presents an investigation of the capability of the Metal Magnetic Memory (MMM) technology in the processes of monitoring and detecting the variation of petrol engine lubricant viscosity via in-situ operation. A few investigations were conducted on a Robin Engine 126 cc EX 13D single cylinder of four strokes with water cooling. One multi-grade engine lubricant oil condition has been put to the test; namely, SAE 15W-40. During the investigation of the petrol engine oil viscosity, the magnetic field signal is captured when the engine oil in-service age is 0 km (fresh oil), 250 km, 500 km, 750 km and 1,000 km, with the crankshaft rotational speed of 2500 rpm at three different locations such as at the Bottom Dead Centre (BDC), oil sump A (engine oil inlet), and oil sump B. The lubrication condition in the petrol engine is successfully monitored based on the magnetic field signatures generated by the interaction between the piston surface and the layer of the lubricant during the time when the engine was in operation. The generated MMM signatures were captured using a type 2 scanning device with two ferroprobe sensors and a length measuring sensor and recorded by the TSC-3M-12 type device. The waveform signatures captured were displayed as length domain signal and then were analysed using the MATLAB software to determine the magnetic field energy (EH). In addition, the real viscosity value at room temperature was determined using the Haake Viscotester 6 L, each time after the magnetic field signal was captured. The results of these studies have shown that the magnetic field energy (EH) is inversely proportional to engine oil viscosity. Finally, the MMM technology can be utilised in promoting economic development and effective planning of the maintenance schedule of the petrol engine oil.
Recycled Paper Fibres as Sound Absorbing Material
Authors: Sim Jason S.T. , Zulkifli Rozli , Tahir M.F.Mat , Elwaleed A.K.
Published: October 2014

Noise pollution is a workplace hazard which causes loss of hearing, depending on the sound pressure level and duration of exposure. Because duration of exposure is usually uncontrollable, sound absorbers are used to reduce the value of sound pressure level. A common method to reduce noise is to use porous sound absorbers made out of mineral wools or glass fibres. However, these materials pose health risks and are non-recyclable. This project aimed to fabricate a sound absorber using recycled paper which is in the form of egg cartons as an alternative to the abovementioned fibres. Paper fibres posses high fibre porosity and can be manufactured in a manner which the properties can be easily controlled, making them ideal to be made into sound absorbers. Furthermore, they are biodegradable, do not pose health risks and can be manufactured into different shapes easily. Recycled paper was first turned into pulp, blended and poured into moulds. Different amounts of pulp was compressed until the sample size was approximately 20 mm thick and then dried in a furnace dryer at 600C for 12 hours. The samples were tested using a two-microphone, transfer function impedance tubes according to the ISO 10534-2 standard. Its porosity was determined using a modified wash basin method. The results indicate that the optimum panel has an average noise reduction coefficient, (NRC) of 0.50, which qualifies it to be used as a sound absorbing material. It also encounters its maximum value of 0.98 which occurred at the 1575-1675 Hz range. When compared to other materials, recycled paper has similar properties as coir fibre and is quite comparable to other commercial sound absorbers at the same thickness.
Development of PROTON Electric Vehicle Control Unit (eVCU) Using State Machine Deterministic Rule-Based Approach
Authors: Mohd Azubir Nor Aziah , Hassan Mohd. Khair , Zamzuri Hairi , Mazlan Saiful Amri
Published: October 2014

There are many types of Electric Vehicle (EV) applied in automotive industry. It can be hybridization or electrification vehicle. Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) also called as fully electric vehicle using batteries as the only source and an electric motor as a traction motor to move the vehicle. In a world view of BEV, it is still has circumstances that would strand the BEV to have huge commercialization due to range anxiety. This paper is discussing about an electrification vehicle power and energy management (PEM) strategy. PEM strategy has two layer control strategies that consist of low level component control and high level supervisory control. Management and control strategy in BEV is carefully designed due to heavy loads consumption from Propulsion Electrical Load (PEL) and Non Propulsion Electrical Loads (NoPEL) with a single energy source. This is to ensure that power and energy is managed at optimum level that will give some extension of wider kilometer of the vehicle. The BEV performance is typically controlled by high level supervisory control algorithm using event-based condition using state machine deterministic rule-based method. More than one drive mode to be determined in this paper as part of control strategy to get an optimal PEM performance.
Study on Hazard Perception of Malaysian Drivers
Authors: Syed Shazali Syed Tarmizi , Selvam Anand , Bujang Zamri
Published: October 2014

Road accident is one of the top ten causes of deaths around the world. Malaysia is not an exception as in the year 2007 there were 6282 road traffic fatalities and 21363 non-fatal road traffic injuries. Research on hazard perception skill of drivers in recent years shows that the driving skill is a mian factor of accident causation and accident prevention. A video-based hazard perception test and questionnaires were used to study the effect of experience, type of hazards, and type of driving settings to the hazard perception skill of Malaysian drivers. The findings of the study shows that in general experienced drivers have better hazard perception than novice drivers, and experience in road accident contributes toward the development of hazard perception more significantly among novice drivers. The study also shows that both driver groups have slowest perception on hazards caused by vulnerable road users. Drivers also perceive hazards faster in rural areas compared to residential and city areas.
Optimizing In-Vehicle Multiplexed Network Using WDM over POF
Authors: Farshad Nasimi Khameneh , Mohammad Syuhaimi Ab.Rahman
Published: October 2014

The past decade was huge challenge for vehicle industries to upgrade their on-board networks using several software technologies (multiplexed networks) but the hardware still is untouched. Now in-vehicle network is a complex of tens electronic controllers and hundreds sensors and actuators. Even telecommunication and multimedia became inevitable vehicle’s features with increasing day to day demands. Today copper wires are the constant option as transmission medium in current vehicles networks and they cannot provide proper bandwidth for such high speed applications. Although the MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport) company started to apply POF for their multimedia network, other networks still are working on the copper wires with their barriers. This paper is suggesting a network model which can be applied to the current networks and replace copper wires with POF. As a new step in the on-board networking in automobiles authors suggested and examined Wavelength Division multiplexing (WDM) over POF in order to use its benefits to integrate different networks and optimize existing communication techniques. The results are base on the automotive-matched standards experiments.
An Improved TCP Congestion Control Algorithm in High Speed Satellite Links
Authors: Liu Feng , Ren Dong Po
Published: October 2014

The throughput of traditional TCP degrades drastically in high speed satellite links, where the characteristics of long round trip time (RTT) and high bit error rate (BER) happen together. Two typical improved algorithms, Hybla and Westwood, are designed to solve the problems of long RTT and high BER respectively. TCP-HW which combines the advantages of Hybla and Westwood is proposed in this paper, on the basis of consideration of both long RTT and high BER. At slow start and congestion avoidance phase, TCP-HW adopts a radical congestion window (cwnd) growth policy to eliminate the low data transmission rate bring by long RTT as Hybla does. At fast retransmit and fast recover phase, TCP-HW updates the cwnd according to the estimated available bandwidth in Westwood to avoid the frequently unnecessary reduction of cwnd due to high BER. There, the cwnd can be kept large enough to achieve high throughput. Simulation results in NS2 indicate that the change of RTT and packet error rate (PER) has little impact on TCP-HW and the bandwidth utilization of TCP-HW can reach more than fifty percent in the 1Gbps GEO satellite link with 500ms RTT and 0.001 PER. In addition, TCP-HW still have good fairness.
Real-Time Validation for Satellite Navigation Signal Simulation System
Authors: Tang Jian Bing , Zhao Qing Song , Zha Ya Bing
Published: October 2014

The satellite navigation signal system is so useful that it can provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage. The satellite navigation signal simulation system possesses the traits of large scale, complex structure and various model types, and the real-time performance of the simulation system is exigent. The simulation real-time performance index will be analyzed and tested roundly. Firstly, the framework of the satellite navigation signal simulation system is introduced. Secondly, several index such as simulation step-time, time function and network data transfers, which can affect the real-time performance of the simulation system, are analyzed. Finally, four real-time performance indexes such as frame overflow, the definition of frame synchronization and time synchronization, the precision of time synchronization etc, are tested and validated in detail. By analysis and test, the result shows that this simulation system possessing higher real-time performance and it can meet the real-time simulation requirement of the simulation system. This simulation system can also be used to validate the real satellite navigation signal system.
Building Agent Software with JADE Framework
Authors: Czelusniak Dani Juliano , Canciglieri Junior Osiris , Marçal Rui Francisco Martins
Published: October 2014

Currently, a special type of computer system’s that has its roots in the foundations of Artificial Intelligence disciplines, takes shape and strength. They are the "Agents Software Systems". Thus, the goal of this paper is to present this kind of software. As a result, shows that the these new tools to build software, allows better scalability of computerized software solutions, at the same time that can assists processes where the mining of information happens in heterogeneous environments.
Applied Research of Somatosensory Game Based on Kinect and Unity 3D Data Integration Technology
Authors: Liu Jin Gang
Published: October 2014

The paper analyzes data integration technology about Kinect and Unity3D. Authors design scheme based on WPF and Unity 3D internal calling mode. System includes screen show module, Unity3D and Kinect interface module and data acquisition module. There are scene settings, rigging, mirroring sports, close-range model, smoothing processing and other functions in Unity3D; and codes implement the device control, rigging algorithm, equipment image acquisition in Kinect. Tested by C # on unmanaged dll's management, it is a good scheme to import Kinect hardware driver program and calling a custom data structures and algorithms to achieve the unity 3D scene. In the unity 3D scene, Kinect somatosensory camera control motion of models to improve the development efficiency of somatosensory game, which has certain social value in development and application of somatosensory game.
Information-Based Entrepreneurship Related Fields of Research to Promote the Development of Strategic Emerging Industries
Authors: Sun De Lin , Lv Pin , Zhou Qiu Xiang , Lau Yang Ming , Yang Pin Xiang , Han Lei , An Jing Yi , Sun Wen , Fan Yu Ting , Chen Lu , Huang Jian Xiong , Kang Qian
Published: October 2014

This paper first probes into information-based entrepreneurship related theory. Secondly, studied the information-based entrepreneurship related areas to promote the development of strategic emerging industries. Finally, summed up the research conclusion: the development of information technology to the development of information-based entrepreneurship to create a good environment; Under the background of strategic emerging industries information-based entrepreneurship is becoming a new hot spot; Be badly in need of information the pioneering theory to guide practice in our country.
Remote Sensing Image Segmentation Based on Improved Statistical Region Merging
Authors: Gong Xiu Li , Wang Zhi Ming
Published: October 2014

Statistical Region Merging (SRM) is an efficient image segmentation algorithm for images with noise and partial occlusion. However, due to the complexity of remote sensing image, SRM can’t give satisfactory results. This paper proposes an improved image segmentation algorithm for remote sensing image based on SRM. Firstly, 8-connexity gradient estimation models are used to obtain more precisely edges. Secondly, the dissimilarity criterion between regions is replaced by a normalized distance standard. Finally, it dynamically updates and sorts dissimilarity between regions during region merging. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm can achieve better segmentation results from coarse to fine compared with original SRM.