bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of nonadherence on phenobarbital concentrations and recommendations on the replacement dose using Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Methaneethorn Janthima
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To determine the impacts of missed phenobarbital (PB) doses on its pharmacokinetics and to investigate the appropriate replacement dosing scheme for various PB missed dose scenarios.

Methods

Monte Carlo simulations were performed using parameters from the selected population pharmacokinetic study. The impacts of missed PB dose and the proper replacement dosing scheme were assessed based on the percent deviation of simulated concentrations outside the reference range from the full adherence scenario.

Results

The impact of missed PB dose on its concentrations depended on the daily dose. The replacement with a respective regular dose and one and a half regular dose was appropriate for the one and two missed doses scenarios for patients receiving PB monotherapy. For patients receiving PB with valproic acid or phenytoin, the same replacement scheme was still appropriate. The results also indicated that weight did not influence the proper replacement dosing scheme.

Conclusions

The impacts of missed PB doses on its pharmacokinetics were identified and the proper replacement dosing schemes for different missed dose scenarios were proposed. These schemes should be implemented based on the clinician’s justification of the patient’s seizure control.
Innovative high-speed method for detecting hotspots in high-density solar panels by machine vision
Authors: Yazdani Hassan , Radmehr Mehdi , Ghorbani Alireza
Published: December 2022

The occurrence of hotspots in photovoltaic panels is one of the most common problems of solar power plants, which reduces the output power of photovoltaic arrays and can also cause irreparable damage to the solar cells. There are several ways to identify hotspots, including using custom datasets using thermographic camera images, which will be later used to teach YOLO and Faster R-CNN computer vision algorithms. In practice, it is observed that the YOLO algorithm is many times faster than the Faster R-CNN in high-density solar panels. Therefore, the applied method is the safest choice for automatic hotspot detection in large-scale photovoltaic power plants to improve overall efficiency. In this paper, by comparing the performance of methods such as Faster R-CNN with YOLO, we concluded that the YOLO algorithm has far better advantages in terms of quality of detection, and speed. Therefore, this factor makes the use of YOLO significantly helps to speed up the troubleshooting of solar modules caused by hotspots, and this factor improves the efficiency of solar power plants in the long run. Meanwhile, in the studies for this paper, the results extracted by Python have been optimized as an algorithm to be used for hotspot detection.
Ammoniacal leaching behavior and regularity of zinc ash
Authors: Long Hailin , Tan Xuezhi , Ni Shufang , Ma Aiyuan , Li Shiwei , Zhu Deqing
Published: December 2022

In this work, a new hydrometallurgical process was developed to treat zinc ash produced from the hot galvanizing industry. The theoretical analysis shows the feasibility of dissolving zinc ash in the NH3–NH4Cl–H2O system, and the dissolution products are predominantly composed of Zn (NH3)42+. The impacts of different experimental conditions were examined, and the leaching ratio of zinc was as high as 96.4% under the conditions of NH3/NH4+ratio of 1:1, liquid/solid of 9:1, total ammonia concentration of 8 mol/L and the stirring speed of 250 rpm at 313 K for 120 min. The kinetics of the leaching process were investigated and the calculated apparent activation energy was approximately 4.69 kJ/mol, which indicated that the zinc ash leaching process was controlled by diffusion-controlled. As revealed by the determination of impurity ions, on one hand, there were fewer impurities in the leaching solution, and the concentrations of Fe2+and Pb2+in solution are less than 0.02 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L respectively; on the other hand, there was no need for further impurity removal in this process. The proposed process has a certain application value in treating zinc ash.
Resilience of U.S. Cattle and Beef Sectors: Lessons from COVID-19
Authors: Hayes Dermot , Jacobs Keri , Schulz Lee , Crespi John
Published: December 2022

The upheaval wrought on the U.S. beef industry by the global COVID-19 pandemic carried with it several lessons that might help improve resiliency should there be a reoccurrence. First, the futures market for fed cattle fell well before cash prices, which sent a signal to market cattle early, and those who did so benefited. Second, the decline in futures anticipated the closure of slaughter plants and provided an opportunity to purchase and store beef primals in anticipation of future scarcity. Third, the beef industry has ways of slowing or stopping the pipeline of animals destined for feed yards and can “store” these animals in background feeding facilities or on pasture or rangeland. Producers who waited to sell feeder cattle benefited from higher feeder cattle prices once the processing facilities reopened. Fourth, cow slaughter plants responded to the pandemic and subsequent scarcity of labor much better than large fed-cattle plants. Cow plants are not as sophisticated and complex as fed-cattle plants. This relative simplicity may help explain the superior performance of these plants during the crisis. Sixth, the academic work on the value of building smaller plants as a response against concentration provides mixed results—these plants require more labor per animal and can be even more susceptible to labor scarcity. Seventh, the observed increase in boxed beef prices, even as fed cattle prices fell, demonstrates the risk-mitigating impact of producer ownership of downstream activities in the value chain.
Grating index difference (GID) and order based distributed feedback laser effects on coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical fiber systems
Authors: Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Altahan Baraa Riyadh , Manasavenna Thaticharla , Ahammad S. K. Hasane , Priya P. Poorna , Krishna M. Rama , Hossain Md. Amzad , Sorathiya Vishal , Smirani Lassaad K. , Said Said Mohammed
Published: December 2022

The study has outlined grating index difference (GID) and grating order based distributed feedback laser effects on coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical fiber systems. Signal amplitude level (SPL), noise signal level are measured accurately based on various grating order of distributed feedback laser. Max. signal power (MSP), noise signal power (NSP) are also measured along the variations of frequency spectrum related to spectral wavelength and bit period time versus GID variations. The optimum signal power level and minimum noise power level, maximum SPL, minimum SPL are achieved with 0.1% GID and grating order of unity.
Canagliflozin: A review with specific focus on analytical methods in biological matrices and pharmaceuticals
Authors: Azhakesan Ajitha , Kuppusamy Sujatha
Published: December 2022

Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor emerges as the latest group of oral hypoglycemic agents, which shows insulin-independent pathology and provides an upper hand to enhance renal glucose elimination. Canagliflozin (CGN) was the number one drug, approved by FDA on 29th March 2013 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. By totting up to its glucose-lowering effects, it exhibits beneficial effects on the heart and potentially on the kidneys. The study aims to summarize various analytical techniques, such as chromatography, spectrophotometry, and hyphenated techniques, such as Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS) for the analysis of CGN. In the proposed work, we have reviewed various analytical methods reported for the estimation of CGN in biological matrices and Pharmaceuticals from various databases like ScienceDirect, Springer, PubMed, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, and Web of Science for the estimation of CGN. Various analytical methods adapted were high-performance liquid chromatography, UPLC, LC-MS/MS, high-performance thin-layer liquid chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, spectrofluorimetry, and UV spectrophotometry. This current review presented the determination of CGN using various analytical techniques and biological matrices either in single or in combination with other hypoglycemic agents, as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Further, some future trends that can be integrated were also suggested.
Nonlinear curve equations maintaining constant normal accelerations with drag induced tangential decelerations
Authors: Pakdemirli Mehmet , Yıldız Volkan
Published: December 2022

A nonlinear curve equation is derived for a vehicle exposed to drag force only. At each point on the curve, the vehicle maintains constant normal acceleration component. The resulting curve equation is a highly nonlinear third order ordinary differential equation. By defining dimensionless coordinates, the equation is cast into a non-dimensional form and a special path parameter is defined. Two different perturbation type solutions as well as a series solution are constructed as approximations to the curves. The three approximate solutions are contrasted with the numerical solution of the problem. The validity range of the approximate solutions is discussed. The curves may be used in determining the routes of land, marine and aerial vehicles.
Neuronopathic GBA1L444P Mutation Accelerates Glucosylsphingosine Levels and Formation of Hippocampal Alpha-Synuclein Inclusions
Authors: Mahoney-Crane Casey L. , Viswanathan Megha , Russell Dreson , Curtiss Rachel A.C. , Freire Jennifer , Bobba Sai Sumedha , Coyle Sean D. , Kandebo Monika , Yao Lihang , Wan Bang-Lin , Hatcher Nathan G. , Smith Sean M. , Marcus Jacob N. , Volpicelli-Daley Laura A.
Published: December 2022

The most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) is heterozygous mutationsGBA1, which encodes for the lysosomal enzyme, glucocerebrosidase. Reduced glucocerebrosidase activity associates with an accumulation of abnormal α-synuclein (α-syn) called Lewy pathology, which characterizes PD. PD patients heterozygous for the neuronotypic GBA1L444P mutation (GBA1+/L444P) have a 5.6-fold increased risk of cognitive impairments. In this study, we used GBA1+/L444Pmice of either sex to determine its effects on lipid metabolism, expression of synaptic proteins, behavior, and α-syn inclusion formation. At 3 months of age, GBA1+/L444Pmice demonstrated impaired contextual fear conditioning, and increased motor activity. Hippocampal levels of vGLUT1 were selectively reduced in GBA1+/L444Pmice. We show, using mass spectrometry, that GBA1L444P expression increased levels of glucosylsphingosine, but not glucosylceramide, in the brains and serum of GBA1+/L444Pmice. Templated induction of α-syn pathology in mice showed an increase in α-syn inclusion formation in the hippocampus of GBA1+/L444Pmice compared with GBA1+/+mice, but not in the cortex, or substantia nigra pars compacta. Pathologic α-syn reduced SNc dopamine neurons by 50% in both GBA1+/+and GBA1+/L444Pmice. Treatment with a GlcCer synthase inhibitor did not affect abundance of α-syn inclusions in the hippocampus or rescue dopamine neuron loss. Overall, these data suggest the importance of evaluating the contribution of elevated glucosylsphingosine to PD phenotypes. Further, our data suggest that expression of neuronotypic GBA1L444P may cause defects in the hippocampus, which may be a mechanism by which cognitive decline is more prevalent in individuals with GBA1-PD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTParkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are both pathologically characterized by abnormal α-synuclein (α-syn). MutantGBA1is a risk factor for both PD and DLB. Our data show the expression of neuronotypic GBA1L444P impairs behaviors related to hippocampal function, reduces expression of a hippocampal excitatory synaptic protein, and that the hippocampus is more susceptible to α-syn inclusion formation. Further, our data strengthen support for the importance of evaluating the contribution of glucosylsphingosine to PD phenotypes. These outcomes suggest potential mechanisms by which GBA1L444P contributes to the cognitive symptoms clinically observed in PD and DLB. Our findings also highlight the importance of glucosylsphingosine as a relevant biomarker for future therapeutics.
Circadian time‐ and sleep‐dependent modulation of cortical parvalbumin‐positive inhibitory neurons
Authors: Zong Fang‐Jiao , Min Xia , Zhang Yan , Li Yu‐Ke , Zhang Xue‐Ting , Liu Yang , He Kai‐Wen
Published: December 2022

Parvalbumin‐positive neurons (PVs) are the main class of inhibitory neurons in the mammalian central nervous system. By examining diurnal changes in synaptic and neuronal activity of PVs in the supragranular layer of the mouse primary visual cortex (V1), we found that both PV input and output are modulated in a time‐ and sleep‐dependent manner throughout the 24‐h day. We first show that PV‐evoked inhibition is stronger by the end of the light cycle (ZT12) relative to the end of the dark cycle (ZT0), which is in line with the lower inhibitory input of PV neurons at ZT12 than at ZT0. Interestingly, PV inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission slowly oscillate in opposite directions during the light/dark cycle. Although excitatory synapses are predominantly regulated by experience, inhibitory synapses are regulated by sleep, via acetylcholine activating M1 receptors. Consistent with synaptic regulation of PVs, we further show in vivo that spontaneous PV activity displays daily rhythm mainly determined by visual experience, which negatively correlates with the activity cycle of surrounding pyramidal neurons and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus‐evoked responses in V1. These findings underscore the physiological significance of PV's daily modulation.
Closing the autophagosome is easy‐PC
Authors: Fuller Devin M , Melia Thomas J
Published: December 2022

In their recent article, Polyansky et al identify phosphatidylcholine (PC) as the most abundant lipid in the autophagosome membrane and demonstrate that eliminating de novo PC synthesis sharply impairs autophagic processing. In the absence of PC synthesis, open cup‐like structures accumulate, implicating PC as a key component in the closure of autophagosomes.
Portrait of Deradicalization in Indonesia: Has Pancasila Been Considered Effective?
Authors: Febriansyah Johan
Published: December 2022

In discussing this journal, we will discuss Pancasila values ​​related to deradicalization so that the understanding of radicalism in Indonesia can be reduced. Cases of radicalism in Indonesia itself have been increasing lately, this can be proven by the existence of news reports about terrorists carrying out their actions and also the number of suspected terrorists who have been arrested by the police. This happened because radicalism began to spread rapidly and many people did not apply Pancasila values ​​in the life of society, nation and state. The lack of public understanding of Pancasila values ​​and a weak attitude of nationalism has resulted in increased incidents of violence, persecution and radical acts in the name of religion. Therefore, the government must always be active in eradicating radicalism and deradicalization in order to create a harmonious, peaceful, safe and secure life in our beloved homeland.
Baiq Nuril Case and Discourse on Freedom of Expression
Authors: Akhmad Muhammad Zaidan Syafiqy , Arifin Ridwan
Published: December 2022

Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE) was originally born as a legal product in response to the advancement of information and communication technology developments in the world which have significantly changed the pattern of people's lives in multi-sectors of human life. The purpose of the establishment of the ITE Law is to guarantee the rights of the community and maintain the stability of the internet flow from things that can damage it. However, in fact there are still many defects contained in the content of the a quo Law which is multi-interpretable and can be misused by certain parties. Baiq Nuril is an honorary teacher who was sexually harassed by his superiors, but was found guilty by the Supreme Court and charged with Article 27 paragraph (1) in conjunction with Article 45 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law. From the point of view of victim protection, victim protection also contributes to the realm of criminal law, especially regarding criminal matters and punishment for the creation of a law. Victimology is an applied science that makes criminal and criminal charges against perpetrators more equal and accountable. With the clarity of the position and role of the victim in the occurrence of a crime, it can be used as one of the considerations for judges as decision makers to decide the type and amount of criminal punishment that will be assigned to the perpetrator as victim protection. Through this simple article, the author will provide an explanation and understanding of the case experienced by Baiq Nuril in Indonesian criminal law in terms of victimology perspective through normative juridical research methods of library law research, as well as data collection through library research methods.
Tumor-induced osteomalacia treated with T12 tumor resection
Authors: Mancini Alyssa J , Sabet Amin , Nielsen Gunnlaugur Petur , Parker J Anthony , Schwab Joseph H , Ward Ashley , Wu Jim S , Malabanan Alan O
Published: December 2022

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare form of osteomalacia caused by fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23)-secreting tumors. Most of these tumors are phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMTs) typically involving soft tissue in the extremities and bone of the appendicular skeleton and cranium. We report the case of a 60-year-old woman with about 3 years of persistent bone pain and multiple fractures, initially diagnosed as osteoporosis, who was found to have hypophosphatemia with low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and elevated alkaline phosphatase and inappropriately normal FGF23 consistent with TIO. Her symptoms improved with phosphate supplementation, vitamin D and calcitriol. 68Ga-DOTATATE imaging revealed a T12 vertebral body lesion confirmed on biopsy to be a PMT. She underwent resection of the PMT with resolution of TIO and increased bone density. This rare case of TIO secondary to a PMT of the thoracic spine highlights some of the common features of PMT-associated TIO and draws attention to PMT-associated TIO as a possible cause of unexplained persistent bone pain, a disease entity that often goes undiagnosed and untreated for years.

Learning points

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is typically caused by phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMTs) that are usually found in the soft tissue of the extremities and bone of the appendicular skeleton/cranium and rarely in the spine.

TIO may be misdiagnosed as osteoporosis or spondyloarthritis, and the correct diagnosis is often delayed for years. However, osteoporosis, in the absence of fracture, is not associated with bone pain.

The hallmark of TIO is hypophosphatemia with inappropriately normal or low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and elevated or inappropriately normal fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) levels.

In patients with unexplained persistent bone pain, a serum phosphate should be measured. Consider PMT-associated TIO as a potential cause of unexplained persistent bone pain and hypophosphatemia.

PMTs express somatostatin receptors and may be identified with 68Ga-DOTATATE imaging.

Complete surgical resection is the preferred treatment for spinal PMTs associated with TIO.
Scheuermann's kyphosis: update on pathophysiology and surgical treatment
Authors: Sebaaly Amer , Farjallah Sarah , Kharrat Khalil , Kreichati Gaby , Daher Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Scheuermann’s Kyphosis (SK) is a rigid spinal kyphosis. Several theories have been proposed concerning its pathogenesis, but it is, to this day, still unknown.

It has a prevalence of 0.4–8.3% in the population with a higher incidence in females.

Clinical examination with x-rays is needed to differentiate and confirm this diagnosis.

Non-surgical management is reserved for smaller deformities and in skeletally immature patients, whereas surgery is recommended for higher deformities.

Combined anterior and posterior approach was considered the gold standard for the surgical treatment of this disease, but there is an increasing trend toward posterior-only approaches especially with use of segmental fixation.

This study reviews the pathophysiology of SK while proposing a treatment algorithm for its management.
Management of scapular dysfunction in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: the biomechanics of winging, arthrodesis indications, techniques and outcomes
Authors: Eren İlker , Gedik Cemil Cihad , Kılıç Uğur , Abay Berk , Birsel Olgar , Demirhan Mehmet
Published: December 2022

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a common hereditary disorder which typically results in scapular winging due to wasting of the periscapular muscles affected by this condition.

Scapulothoracic arthrodesis (STA) is the current surgical treatment for FSHD patients with severe winging and preserved deltoid muscle.

There are several different techniques in the literature such as multifilament cables alone and cable or cerclage wires combined with single or multiple plates. We prefer cables without plates as it provides independent strong fixation points and strongly recommend utilization of autograft.

The functional results of studies report that regardless of the technique used, shoulder elevation and thus quality of life is improved, as shown with outcome scores.

There are several complications associated with STA. Pulmonary complications are common and usually resolve spontaneously. Meticulous surgical technique and effective postoperative analgesia may reduce the incidence. Scapular complications which are associated with the fixation may be encountered in the early or late period, which are related to the learning curve of the surgeon.

In conclusion, STA is a reliable solution to a major problem in FSHD patients that helps them maintain their activities of daily living until a cure for the disease is found. A successful result is strongly dependent on patient selection, and a multidisciplinary team of neurologists, geneticists and orthopaedic surgeons is required to achieve good results.
Aportes a la extensión universitaria desde la docencia. Caso: Práctica de Formulación, Evaluación y Administración de Proyectos, desarrollada en la Escuela de Planificación y Promoción Social de la Universidad Nacional
Authors: Chavarría Briceño Randy , Pereira Ortega Jazmín , Ortega-Ortega Ángel
Published: December 2022

This article aims to show an experience concerning the link between teaching and university extension from the course “Practice of Formulation, Management, and Evaluation of Projects” proposed in the Economic and Social Planning career program of the National University of Costa Rica. It seeks to show results from interviews with students and teachers. It also aims to identify the advantages of developing teaching processes that allow the university to approach communities through actions generating spaces for participation and dialogue of different types of knowledge, highlighting not only the contribution to groups or organizations in vulnerable sectors but also the achievements and learning for the students in their academic training, which at the same time provides feedback for teaching.
The experience of compulsory volunteering: the obstacles for voluntary sector in Post-Soviet countries
Authors: Pranaitytė Irma
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to examine the compulsory volunteering experience under the Soviet regime and highlight specific reasons, which keep individuals away from getting involved in activities in voluntary organizations. The paper examines the factors, which keep individuals away from joining voluntary organizations, and examines what influence the experience of compulsory volunteering has. A qualitative research approach has been chosen. Respondents were individuals born between 1945 and 1965 and lived under the Soviet regime. 30 interviews were conducted with individuals who have not been involved in voluntary organizations.The results reveal the understanding of the concept of volunteering, the factors, which keep individuals away from volunteering, and what role the experience of compulsory volunteering has played. Voluntary organizations can use the results in order to encourage potential volunteers to join their voluntary organizations.
Yeast cell wall modification for improvements in biofuel cells
Authors:   , Andriukonis Eivydas
Published: December 2022

Mielių sienelių modifikavimas siekiant pagerinti jų pritaikomumą biokuro elementuose
Biosorbentų pritaikymas Cs ir Pu izotopų nustatymui gėlame vandenyje
Authors:   , Žukauskaitė Zita
Published: December 2022

Application of biosorbents for the determination of Cs and Pu isotopes in freshwater
Cutting tools made of coated cubic boron nitride composite
Authors:   V. N. Bakul Institute for Superhard Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Manokhin Andrey , Klymenko Sergiy ,   V. N. Bakul Institute for Superhard Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresnev Viacheslav ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Klymenko Serhiy ,   V. N. Bakul Institute for Superhard Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kopeikina Marina ,   V. N. Bakul Institute for Superhard Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Stolbovyi Viacheslav ,   Materials Science and Technologies  of the National Science Center «Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology» of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lytovchenko Serhiy ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: December 2022

The monograph considers an approach to solving an important scientific and technical problem of improving the performance of cutting tools made of superhard composites in the processing of products from high-strength steels and alloys by applying protective coatings to their working surfaces. The requirements for the material of protective coatings are given – the effectiveness of coatings is due to a combination of high values of physical and mechanical properties, resistance to oxidation and dissociation of chemical compounds that make up their composition, due to the peculiarities of the structure of nanocomposite films. The results of a wide range of studies on the influence of protective coatings on the tool on the main thermobaric parameters of the cutting process. The concept of increasing the stability of cutting tools from PcBN, which is based on reducing the temperature in the contact zone of cutting when applied to the working surfaces of the tool coating, which reduces the coefficient of friction, the introduction of components that are inhibitors of chemical reactions in the contact zone of the tool composite with the material being processed. It is shown that the choice of an effective coating for cutting tools is related to the conditions of contact interaction between the tool, product and chips in each case. The basis of such a choice is a reasonable understanding of the prevailing mechanism of contact interaction in the cutting zone. The main mechanisms of wear of coated tools during grinding of hardened steels are determined. Recommendations on the use of coated PcBN tools for machining of hardened steels are given.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SELECTIVE LASER MELTING TECHNOLOGY IN UKRAINE
Authors:   LLC «Additive Laser Technology of Ukraine», Adjamskiy Sergey , Kononenko Ganna ,   LLC «Additive Laser Technology of Ukraine», Podolskyi Rostislav ,   LLC «Additive Laser Technology of Ukraine», Badyuk Sergey ,   LLC «Additive Laser Technology of Ukraine»
Published: December 2022

Additive technologies make it possible to provide high quality products (accuracy and uniqueness of geometry, high complex of mechanical properties, high density (low porosity), uniformity of microstructure and chemical composition). A wide range of materials used allows it to find application in such industries as medical and dental, engineering, automotive and aerospace. At present, technological capabilities, the development of laser technologies and CAD modeling systems have made it possible to develop devices for building parts by loading the original CAD model and fusing metal powder using a laser in accordance with it – what is today called SLM technology. During this process, the metal powder is completely melted under the influence of high-power laser radiation with the formation of a metal layer that contains almost no pores and does not require further processing, which makes it possible to achieve a level of mechanical properties of the product equal to or even better than those of cast ones. To create advanced equipment and professional control of the process of manufacturing parts, a deep understanding of the processes occurring in the melt pool under the laser beam and after hardening is necessary. At the same time, the final quality of products manufactured using SLM technology depends on many factors that can be divided into main groups: equipment (calibration, laser power, energy distribution in the beam, powder application system, shielding gas supply, distribution and purification system, system ensuring the tightness of the chamber, etc.), material (sphericity, dispersion, bulk density, fluidity, properties, handling, etc. of metal powder), process parameters, geometry features of the part, finishing. Prospects for the development of technology in Ukraine are associated with the development of new structural materials, solving topology optimization problems, prototyping, studying the properties of materials and creating the latest production solutions in the field of additive technologies.
Assessing and Validating a Model of Study Completion for a Prospective Cohort of Healthy Newborns
Authors: Fusfeld Zachary H. , Goyal Neera K. , Goldstein Neal D. , Chung Esther K.
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES:

To identify potentially modifiable or actionable factors related to study completion among healthy mother-infant dyads participating in prospective research.

PATIENTS/METHODS:

We conducted a secondary analysis of completion data from a prospective study on newborn jaundice in the first week of life at a tertiary-care hospital in Philadelphia, PA, from 2015 to 2019. Participation in the original study involved enrollment before newborn discharge and subsequent follow-up for a jaundice assessment between 2 and 6 days of life. For this study, our primary outcome was completion of all study procedures. Associations between predictor variables and the outcome were assessed using bivariate and multivariable analyses. We fit a predictive model of study completion using logistic regression and validated the model using 5-fold cross-validation.

RESULTS:

Of 501 mother-infant dyads enrolled in the original study, 304 completed the study. Median maternal age was 28 years and 81.8% of mothers delivered via vaginal birth. Study completion was associated with colocation of the study visit with the initial well-child visit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.99, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.01–4.46) and provision of an alternate phone number by the participant (aOR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.34–2.96). The cross-validated model performed similarly to our final predictive model and had an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.67 (range, 0.59-0.72), with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 60%.

CONCLUSIONS:

Findings demonstrate the importance of communication and patient-centric approaches for recruitment and retention in newborn research. Future work should incorporate these approaches while continuing to evaluate study retention strategies.
racismo científico no Brasil
Authors: Silva Priscila Thayane de Carvalho , Silva Camila Ferreira da , Gama Fernanda Cavalcante
Published: December 2022

O presente ensaio tematiza o racismo científico brasileiro e os percursos aqui eleitos têm como objetivo evidenciar os discursos discriminatórios nas gêneses das Escolas de Direito e Medicina, e a sua apropriação do título de doutor nessas profissões. De recorte teórico bourdieusiano, utiliza-se a Sociologia Reflexiva para analisar os discursos inerentes à constituição da ciência brasileira a partir de seu histórico racista de eugenia e considerações sobre miscigenação e o mito da democracia racial. Nesse sentido, há uma reflexão sobre os momentos de tensionamentos das relações étnico-raciais brasileiras, especialmente quando se apoiam nas alocuções biologistas. Dessa forma, houve uma conexão com o passado, principalmente no período pós-abolicionista e as influências do darwinismo social no fazer científico e formativo das escolas analisadas nesse estudo. Embora o racismo científico não tenha influenciado exclusivamente as Escolas de Direito e Medicina no Brasil, o enredo com foco nessas duas áreas do conhecimento e profissões conduz o leitor a refletir sobre um contexto particular até as propriedades mais gerais, interrogando constantemente o objeto e estabelecendo assim uma conexão com o uso da Sociologia Reflexiva. Logo, o texto está dividido em três seções, além da introdução e conclusão, a saber: no primeiro momento, é apresentado o mito da democracia racial e como ele foi constituído no país; na sequência, é abordado como ocorreu a miscigenação e quais as implicações do racismo científico; e, por fim, nas últimas seções do artigo, são evidenciadas as fraturas dos discursos discriminatórios nas gêneses formativas de ambos os cursos. Quanto aos resultados, destacam-se os modos como a ciência é pensada e hierarquizada, desconsiderando o conhecimento e saberes de uma sociedade multiculturalista, plurirracial e não branca.
Aplicación del Método Hectárea de Hábitat en compensación ambiental: El caso del Embalse Río Piedras, Costa Rica
Authors: Bonilla Fabián , Oviedo-Brenes Federico , Beneyto-Garrigos Davinia , Arévalo J.-Edgardo , Morales-Gutiérrez Lilliam , Serrano-Sandí Juan , Sasa Mahmood
Published: December 2022

Introducción: La compensación ambiental es la alternativa final para enfrentar los impactos de proyectos de desarrollo que no pueden ser evitados, reducidos o mitigados. La compensación de hábitats pretende sustituir recursos ecológicamente equivalentes. El Método Hectárea de Hábitat se diseñó inicialmente para evaluar la equivalencia ecológica de vegetación nativa y emplea puntajes de indicadores relativos a un hábitat de referencia. La suma de estos puntajes mide la condición estructural del ambiente de manera relativa a la referencia, cuantificando el número de hectáreas necesarias para compensar la pérdida de un hábitat similar. Aunque el método no está exento de limitaciones, los valores se pueden estimar a partir de datos de campo recogidos sin ambigüedad, de forma reproducible, con menos sesgos que métodos más cualitativos. En este artículo, usamos una modificación del Método Hectárea de Hábitat para determinar el área equivalente necesaria para compensar la pérdida de hábitat en un área silvestre protegida en Costa Rica.

Metodología: Trabajamos en la Reserva Biológica Lomas de Barbudal, Pacífico norte de Costa Rica, un área silvestre protegida donde se inundarán cerca de 113 hectáreas para el Embalse de Río Piedras. En una propiedad previamente identificada como un sitio potencial de compensación, evaluamos indicadores de paisaje, suelo, estructura de la vegetación y servicios ecosistémicos; asignamos los puntajes en relación con el sitio a inundar. 

Resultados: El puntaje de la condición ambiental en el sitio de compensación fue de 44,7% (±15,9%) del sitio inundado. En consecuencia, considerando la incertidumbre de nuestras mediciones, compensar la pérdida de cada hectárea requeriría entre 2.23 y 3.49 hectáreas de un ambiente similar. 

Conclusión: Se necesitan entre 2.23 y 3.49 hectáreas de reemplazo, para compensar la pérdida de hábitat en el Embalse de Río Piedras.
A pandemia na educação: vivências de professores da educação básica de Uruguaiana
Authors: Pires Garcia Karem Suzete , Ferreira da Silva Fabiane
Published: December 2022

A pandemia do novo coronavírus (SARSCoV-2) atingiu vários setores da sociedade, entre eles a educação. Para conter a disseminação do vírus, utilizou-se, como prevenção, o distanciamento social e a suspenção das aulas presenciais, resultando na adoção do ensino remoto emergencial. Todavia, sabe-se, da desigualdade social existente no Brasil, que refletiu, principalmente, na educação pública, pois a maioria dos alunos não possui acesso a ferramentas digitais e à internet. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo do trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da pandemia na educação na visão dos professores da cidade de Uruguaiana, RS. Usou-se como estratégia a pesquisa de opinião pública, a partir de um questionário disponibilizado online aos professores de escolas públicas da cidade. Percebeu-se que os docentes, apesar das inquietações, do pensar na aprendizagem prejudicada, objetivam o desenvolvimento de novas aprendizagens no contexto escolar.
ANALISIS ZAKAT PT. BANK MUAMALAT INDONESIA : FIRM SIZE, ROA, DENGAN LABA OPERASIONAL SEBAGAI INTERVENING
Authors: Hayati Nurfitri Harkunti Kemala , Sobana Dadang Husen , Haris Iir Abdul
Published: December 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk menganalisis pengaruh ukuran perusahaan dan Return On Assets (ROA) terhadap nilai zakat perusahaan melalui laba operasional sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan pendekatan kuantitatif, sehingga analisis data yang dilakukan adalah Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) menggunakan software SmartPLS. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan secara parsial, ukuran perusahaan tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap laba operasional, ROA berpengaruh terhadap laba operasional. Kemudian, laba operasional memiliki pengaruh pada nilai zakat perusahaan, sedangkan ukuran perusahaan tidak memiliki pengaruh pada nilai zakat perusahaan. Terakhir, laba operasional tidak mampu memediasi pengaruh ukuran perusahaan terhadap nilai zakat, namun mampu memediasi pengaruh ROA terhadap nilai zakat. Implikasi penelitian ini, dapat menjadi acuan bagi Bank Muamalat agar dapat mengoptimalkan ROA, dan laba operasional sehingga meningkatkan nilai zakat perusahaan.
Peningkatan kualitas Perguruan Tinggi melalui Sistem Penjamin Mutu dengan Pendekatan Total Quality Managemen
Authors: Abdurrahmansyah Abdurrahmansyah , Rismawati Ima
Published: December 2022

Peningkatan kualitas tidak dapat dicapai tanpa jaminan kualitas yang baik. Peran lembaga penjamin mutu sebagai promotor jaminan kualitas memberikan dampak positif terhadap efektivitas peningkatan kualitas pendidikan tinggi.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis upaya-upaya peningkatan kualitas pendidikan tinggi.  Motode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan tekhnik analisis konten. Upaya peningkatan kualitas perguruan tinggi dilakukan dengan Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Internal (SPMI) dan Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Eksternal (SPME) yang dilakukakn oleh lembaga penjamin mutu. Lembaga penjaminan mutu bertujuan untuk peningkatan, inovasi, komunikasi, motivasi dan pengawasan atau control. Penerapan manajemen mutu dilakukan dengan pendekatan Total Quality Managemen. Pendekatan TQM mengintegrasikan input, proses dan keluaran.  TQM mengembangkan ukuran kinerja atau kualitas institusi seperti peringkat universitas, kepuasan mahasiswa, dan pekerjaan lulusan
Zemsky Doctor: an Attempt at Historical Reconstruction (on the Example of the Perm Province of the Second Half of the XIX – Early XX Centuries)
Authors: Valentina Lyadova , Nikolay Nevostruev
Published: December 2022

The authors set themselves a research task - to create a generalizing image of the zemstvo doctor on the example of the Urals. The initial hypothesis is the idea of civilizational changes in the Russian reality of the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries, associated with the formation of elements of civil society and the underlying processes of changes in the self-consciousness of the Russian intelligentsia. The uniqueness of the phenomenon of the "zemsky doctor" in the history of world medicine is emphasized, its role in preserving the life of the rural population of the country, the formation of a new attitude to sanitation issues and personal hygiene. It is noted that the level of professional training of the zemsky doctorwas provided by a high level of medical education in the leading universities of the country. The peculiarity of their activity was the universality associated with the insufficient number of medical personnel in rural areas. By the beginning of the XX century the trend towards the creation of specialized medical care is making its way. This process was especially clearly manifested in the provincial Alexander Zemsky hospital, and then seized the district city hospitals and individual centers of factory medicine. The desire of doctors for professional association, regular exchange of experience through professional societies, provincial congresses of doctors, at meetings of medical and sanitary councils, as well as on the basis of the results of scientific association, regular exchange of experience through professional societies, provincial congresses of doctors, at meetings of medical and sanitary councils, as well as on the basis of the results of scientific scientific councils, as well as on the results of scientific scientific councils, as well as on the results of academic trip. An analysis of objective difficulties in the activities of zemskie doctors, their relations with the local population, the leadership of zemskie institutions is given. The author's vision of the causes of selflessness and stoic patience to the social conditions of life of zemskie doctors is revealed. Attention is drawn to their active participation in public life, often as initiators of public events in their territories, the establishment of trusting relations with the population on the example of combating child mortality, the work of sanitary and school guardianships, children's shelters, the dissemination of hygienic knowledge, etc. The merits of zemskie doctors in the organizational life of zemstva are reflected, their role in the political events of that time, the organization of medical care for wounded and sick soldiers during the First World War are evaluated. In conclusion, reasonable conclusions are made about the characteristic features of the typical appearance of zemskie doctors, prospects for further study of this topic are outlined.
Countering criminal offence in the Perm province in 1917–1922
Authors: Pavel Fadeev
Published: December 2022

The problem of countering criminal offence in the period of global social cataclysm: revolution of 1917, civil war, economic devastation and mass starvation in Russia in 1917–1922 has been described in the article. The author examines this problem by the example of Perm province using archival materials, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Difficulties with the source base of research on this problem seem to be significant, but surmountable. Objective conditions for the growth of criminal offence in crisis situations arose more than once later in Russia (the Great Patriotic War, radical reforms of the 1990s). Counteraction to this dangerous phenomenon by the newly formed law enforcement agencies in post-revolutionary Russia gradually formed stable practices. At the same time, the study suggests that both the nature of criminal offence and the practices of countering it at that time had an impact on society even after the crisis. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that crime is characteristic of every social formation, and counteracting it is an important task of society at all stages of development. On the base of historical documents, the author aims to show the dependence of the level of crime on a combination of objective factors and their determining influence on law enforcement practices in a crisis. Using source analysis as a method, the author characterized the specifics of criminal offense in the designated period and identified ways to counteract it by law enforcement agencies.
The Cooperation of Leningrad Scientists and Production Workers in Providing Work on Space Exploration and the Creation of Equipment for these Purposes (the Second Half of the 50s – 70s of the Twentieth Century)
Authors: Valerij Kupriyanov , Alexander Losik
Published: December 2022

The article considers a set of works on the development of systems used for the study of outer space and the development of cosmonautics in the early years of the space age. The development of the unified time system, the system of the onboard standard of time and frequency "Liana", as well as equipment for studying long-wave X-ray radiation of the Sun, which was installed on the second artificial Earth satellite (AES), is being investigated. Attempts have been made to analyze the creation of equipment for recording the physiological parameters of living beings in space flight, the development of secondary electronic and photo-multipliers used in the creation of the first AES equipment, the development and manufacture of a complex of peripheral digital machines that allowed real-time processing and transmission of trajectory measurement data to the coordination and computing center. The issues of developing and manufacturing an automatic detonation system for unmanned vehicles are being studied. The data on the observation of the flight of the first satellites, on the improvements that made it possible to photograph with great accuracy, on the creation of a theory that allows calculating the orbit of the satellite, as well as to assess the influence of various factors on it: changes in atmospheric density, light pressure, the influence of harmonics of the gravitational field of the Earth. It tells about the first Soviet-American space experiment with a passive communication satellite "Echo-2". All this clearly illustrates the notable contribution of scientists and engineers from Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) to space research at the dawn of the space age. The article pays special attention to the history of events that unfolded both inside the country and abroad regarding the creation and launch of the first artificial Earth satellite. And first of all, the reaction to this epoch-making event in the international scientific community, as well as the reaction to this event from some politicians in Western Europe. The analysis of some of the first joint experiments of Soviet and American scientists in the field of space exploration at the beginning of the space age of mankind is also of interest to readers.