bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Variability and the Resilience of Smallholder Tea Production in the East Usambara Mountain Farming System, Tanzania
Authors: Ally Juma Mkumbukiy  , Sang-Min Han  , Amos Joel Makweta
Published: September 2024

The complexities of climate change are well-known, and it has immediate and long-term consequences on the environment and natural resources. This global concern adversely affects sustainable development sectors and economic systems including the agricultural sector. The tea sector is among the largest export crops contributing to earnings and revenues. Its production has been declining, and the reasons behind this decline remain unclear. This study proposed to explore the influences of climate variability on the current productivity trend of smallholder tea farmers in Tanzania. The study involves quantitative data analysis, collected from 1990 to 2020 including monthly precipitation, temperature statistics, and Greenleaf production gathered as secondary data from the Tea Research Institute of Tanzania and the Tea Board of Tanzania. The study found that rainfall and temperature change significantly influence smallholder farmers' tea production in the East Usambara Mountains. The optimal climate elements (temperature and precipitation) positively improve smallholder farmers' tea production. In contrast, extreme climate variability triggers negative effects on tea production when precautions and adaptation measures are not considered. To summarize, it is recommended that farmers engage in different programs and training sessions to enhance their perception and adaptability to climate change.
The Use of Interactive Learning Methods in Islamic Religious Education to Increase Student Participation
Authors: Hanum Latifah
Published: September 2024

This study discusses the application of interactive learning methods in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) to improve student participation and understanding. With approaches such as group discussions, educational games, and the use of technology, students become more involved and understand the material better. The results of the study showed a significant increase in student participation and understanding after implementing interactive methods. However, challenges such as technological limitations and differences in student abilities need to be overcome. Support from teachers and schools is essential for the successful implementation of this method in PAI
EXPLORING THE STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRONIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AMORPHOUS Ge – Te - In MATERIAL THROUGH AB INITIO METHODS
Authors: Zaidan Andi , Ivanova Vladislava , Petkov Plamen , Bancheva-Koleva Pavlina
Published: September 2024

This study employs density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics to meticulously investigate the structural and electronic properties of ternary chalcogenide compounds, specifically (GeTe4 ) 1-x Inx, and (GeTe5 )1-x Inx across a range of compositions ( x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 at %). Utilizing the local density approximation within the framework of first-principles calculations, we comprehensively analyze the pair correlation function, static structural factor, electronic density of states, and electronic band gap energy. Our results reveal a notable decrease in the energy band gap of Germanium-Tellurium with the incorporation of Indium atoms. The structural changes observed in the Ge-Te matrix with Indium doping, as evidenced by the changes in the pair correlation function and static structure factor, are consistent with and supportive of the observed decrease in the band gap energy. This phenomenon is primarilyattributed to the significant contribution of Indium atoms to the conduction band edge, offering new insights into the material’s electronic behaviour.
Cardiac Hemangioma Located in the Interatrial Septum: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Shen Chongwen , Yang Shaofeng , Cai Chao , Liu Ge , Diao Wenjie , Zhang Shengqiang
Published: September 2024

Cardiac hemangiomas are extremely rare benign tumors that can occur in any part of the heart. We report the case of an adult female with no history of structural heart disease or symptoms of discomfort. Cardiac ultrasound showed a mass on the right atrial surface of the atrial septum. Intraoperatively, the mass was identified within the atrial septum, at the junction of the inferior vena cava and the ostium of the coronary sinus. The mass did not enter the left or right atrial cavities. The mass was successfully removed, and cardiac hemangioma was confirmed by postoperative pathology. This report discusses the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options for cardiac hemangiomas based on an analysis of previously reported cases. Owing to the risk of arrhythmia in patients with hemangiomas in the atrial or ventricular septum, surgical resection is recommended.
Quality and Safety of Extracted Humic Substances as Fundamental Factor of Natural Regulation for the Sustainable Development
Authors: Melnychuk Maksym , Petrov Oleksii , Torop Konstantin , Jakimenko Igor , Xun Linjun , Zhao Husheng
Published: September 2024

Humic substances as natural biogeochemical macromolecules have been formed over tens of millions of years as a result of the processes of natural destruction of biological systems with a high degree of chemical diversity. The prospects and realities of today’s use of humic substances by humans in agriculture, pharmaceuticals and medicine raise the issue of strict safety control of various drugs derived from these natural substances. These technologies for the extraction and purification of final humic preparations should be carried out in accordance with the balanced development of natural ecosystems and biosafety requirements. In this publication we raise the issue of creating a single standard for the quality and safety of purified humic substances on a global scale.
ԿՆՈՋ ՀՈԳԵԲԱՆԱԿԱՆ ԵՎ ԷԿԶԻՍՏԵՆՑՅԱԼ ԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԸ ԱԼԻՍ ՄԱՆՐՈՅԻ
ՍՏԵՂԾԱԳՈՐԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐՈՒՄ / WOMAN’S PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EXISTENCE ISSUES IN ALICE MUNRO’S WORKS
Authors: Hayrapetyan Sona
Published: September 2024

The article touches upon the Canadian writer Alice Munro’s story features, where the author refers to the importance of the women’s role in the society, their psychological problems and ontological struggle. Munro gives unique solutions and alternative outputs through which her heroes and characters are able to cope with difficulties and live in their time-lost domain. Her characters have difficulty in blending in and adapting to the present as the past dominates in their spirit and folds of consciousness. Munro’s works clarify and demonstrate the complexities of human feelings and their expression in different societies and levels of consciousness. This is the reason why Munro never loses her relevance and her works are read at different ages. The centre of Alice Munro’s stories is the woman with her inner world, her feelings and the struggle for her spiritual freedom. The author’s works are distinguished by their deep psychological problems, revelations of the complex inner world of an individual, studies of the human psyche. In her works Munro emphasizes the psychological aspect, where the woman’s mental inner world and feelings are observed. She thoroughly tries to describe every action and feeling of a woman. The author tries to bring up the very above-mentioned issues giving them unexpected and unimaginable solutions.
Vascular Access Related Infections in Hemodialysis Children and the Impact of Implementation of CDC Guidelines and Tools on the Control of these Infections: A Single Centre Experience from Egypt
Authors: El Moselhy Sawsan S. , El-Sharawi Mohamed Nasr , Abd Elhady Marwa Waheed , Ibrahim Khamis Mohamed Awad , Said Ragia Marei
Published: September 2024

Background: Vascular access-related infection (VARI) is a serious issue in pediatric end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on regular hemodialysis.
Objective: To estimate the frequency of vascular access-related infections in hemodialysis (HD) children and to assess the effect of the implementation of CDC guidelines and tools on the prevention of VARI.
Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 110 patients with ESKD on regular hemodialysis at the Pediatric Dialysis Unit, Ain Shams University, from August 2019 to September 2021, retrospectively for one year and prospectively for another year after implementing the CDC infection control procedures.
Besides full history taking, vascular access history, and thorough clinical examination, lab investigations for VARI diagnosis and echocardiography were performed. CDC infection control procedures were implemented for one year, and VARI was re-evaluated.
Results: The total number of patients enrolled in the study was 110, they were 58 males (52.7%) and 52 females (47.3%). The incidence of infection per 1000 vascular access days in both years was highest in patients with NTVCs (10.447 /1000 NTVC days, 6.861 /1000 NTVCs days), followed by patients with TVCs (1.051/1000 TVC days, 0.604 /1000 TVC days) then patients with AVF, (0.141/1000 AVF days, 0.046 /1000 AVF days). The mortality from vascular access-related infections in the first year was higher than in the second year, with 5 patients (10.2%) and 1 patient (3.8%), respectively.
The average duration of hospital stays (PPY) due to VARI (total admission days 8.09 and ward admission days 6.41) in the first year were significantly higher than in the second year, 4.04, 3.20 days/PPY, respectively.
Conclusion: The incidence of vascular access infection (VAI) is higher with non-tunneled catheters and lowest with Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF). To reduce the risk of VARI and hospitalization, proper infection control procedures must be implemented.
Pelatihan Manajemen Logistik Berbasis Teknologi dengan Pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Persediaan Digital
Authors: Gugat Rudy Max Damara
Published: September 2024

Pelatihan Manajemen Logistik Berbasis Teknologi dengan Pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Persediaan Digital merupakan kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk mentransfer pengetahuan praktis kepada mitra industri, PT. Nemira Kitchen. Tranfer knowledge digunakan untuk mengajarkan konsep-konsep penting dalam manajemen logistik dan memperkenalkan pemanfaatan sistem informasi persediaan digital. Kegiatan pelatihan mencakup komunikasi dengan mitra, penyusunan materi pelatihan, pelatihan interaktif, dan pendampingan penggunaan sistem informasi. Hasil dari pelatihan ini menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman peserta tentang fitur-fitur sistem informasi persediaan dan kemampuan dalam mengelola data, persediaan, distribusi barang, serta laporan-laporan terkait. Mitra yang aktif berpartisipasi dalam program ini memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap keberhasilan pelatihan. Evaluasi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan dalam pemahaman dan penerapan sistem informasi persediaan setelah pelatihan selesai. Kesimpulannya, pelatihan ini berhasil memberikan dampak positif pada kemampuan manajemen logistik dan pemanfaatan teknologi dalam operasi sehari-hari mitra.
Kelompok Usaha Kecil Pembibitan Tanaman Bunga di Banyuurip Gresik
Authors: Dyah Rini Prihastuty  , Sri Rahayuningsih
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this Partnership Program for People is to provide Appropriate Technology for Small Businesses engaged in flower plant nursery. The target of this partnership program for the community is business owners in the field of flower plant nursery. The problem faced by flower plant nursery SMEs is the absence of appropriate equipment or technology in supporting flower plant nursery activities, besides that business management practices have not been touched in doing business, for example simple financial painting and promotion through social media. The proposer of the partnership program in the community agreed with partners to procure appropriate technology in the form of water reservoirs in the implementation of flower plant nurseries, in addition to providing training and assistance in business management and promotion. The operation of the water reservoir will facilitate watering of flower plant seedlings, so that productivity increases. The provision of business management training and assistance has also increased its sales turnover, so that the welfare of flower plant nursery SMEs can be better.
Pelatihan Digital Marketing Warga Dusun Sidorejo, Ngestiharjo, Kasihan, Bantul, D.I Yogyakarta
Authors: Mursyid Mursyid  , Yuliantoharinugroho Yuliantoharinugroho  , Wilis Fahlefi  , Agung Hartadi  , Muhammad Isnaini Fathoni  , Ngatipan Ngatipan
Published: September 2024

One of the problems faced by MSMEs in Sidorejo hamlet is marketing problems and skills in using technology. MSMEs in Sidorejo hamlet need technology-based business development so they can compete with new online businesses. The purpose of this writing is 1) Identifying the use of marketing media in MSMEs in Sidorejo Hamlet, Ngestiharjo Village. 2) Describe technology-based business development efforts in MSMEs in Sidorejo Hamlet, Ngestiharjo Village through digital marketing training. The method used to identify the use of marketing media is observation and interviews. The methods used in technology-based business development efforts are community education and training methods. Materials in efforts to develop technology-based businesses for MSMEs in Sidorejo Hamlet through digital marketing training include: 1) Cultivating an entrepreneurial spirit and providing inspiration from the success of online businesses, 2) Sharing sessions, 3) Digital marketing training. The identification results show that many MSMEs in Sidorejo Hamlet use simple technology in marketing, which is dominated by WhatsApp and Facebook media. In fact, there are still many MSMEs that run their businesses offline without the help of technology. The evaluation results of digital marketing training activities show that this activity received a positive response, was considered to provide insight and knowledge, and provide inspiration. Almost all business people want to practice this online business in developing their business.
Sosialiasi Literasi Digital Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Belajar Siswa Di Dalam Pembelajaran
Authors: Mitra Binariang Lase  , Benteng Martua Mahuraja Purba  , Yuniarti Yuniarti  , Damai Putra Gulo  , Sepril Oskar Saroro  , Nening Satriani Radja  , Frienda Sirait  , Delvi Hutapea  , Puspa Sarah Renjelina Marpaung  , Jelita sitinjak  , Bina Monika Br Siringo-ringo  , Lastri Samosir  , Anita Berutu
Published: September 2024

The development of technology and information has brought all students into the world generation of digital literacy, media technology or digital literacy is developing rapidly, many people are able to create new applications, technological devices that aim to provide convenience for humans. Excessive use of digital can cause problems, especially for students who are still in education, misusing technology can reduce the quality of student learning. The effort that we can do to overcome this problem is by reviving students' thinking concepts in improving the quality of learning by using digital learning media. The purpose of this research is to find out to what extent students are able to utilize technology, what efforts can help students who are addicted to technology. This research was conducted at the Anugerah Tanjungpinang Social Service Foundation Middle School using the face-to-face method from preparation to implementation. The results of this study are that each student is able to receive new insights in using technology to learn responsibly and wants to be a smart student in using technology so that students at the Anugerah Tanjungpinang Social Service Foundation Middle School said that "it turns out that learning to use technology is so much fun and can make it easier for students to access learning resources quickly, students also get new things for example such as using devices such as Microsoft Word, Excel and so on. This is one form of success for the PkM team where students can understand and receive knowledge about the responsible use of technology.
Pembuatan Teknologi Tepat Guna Alat Pembakaran Sampah Untuk Mencegah Pencemaran di Kelurahan Untia
Authors: Mashudi Gani  , Deselfia DNM Sahari  , St. Syahriati  , Andi Herlina  , Darwis Darwis
Published: September 2024

Waste is one form of problem that everyone often encounters in their environment. Waste is the waste of products or goods that have been used by their users, so that the remaining results are discarded and do not function again. The purpose of this service is to provide material on making appropriate technology for waste incineration tools to prevent pollution in the untia village. The method of application in this activity is the counseling method through demonstration and also the lecture and discussion method at community meetings in untia village. The results of community service activities regarding the manufacture of appropriate technology for waste incineration tools to prevent pollution in untia village have been carried out well and received a positive response from the untia village community.
Pencegahan Perilaku Bullying Melalui Program Psikoedukasi Berbasis Nilai Moral Islami di SMP Darussalam Kepanjen
Authors: Mohammad Hilfi Azra Dzikrulloh  , Dinda Putri Abadi  , Nadia Erlina Mayangsari  , Luhur Kuncoroanggo  , Yusron Risqy Maulana  , Ni’matun Nashiroh  , Putri Rahma Abadi  , Putri Rismawati  , Yenin Nadhifah  , Maulida Kurniawati  , Melinda Cahyawati  , Hayuni Retno Widarti
Published: September 2024

School is a very important place where many aspects of life are taught. However, lately news about bullying cases in schools is often found. Bullying can be categorized as bad behavior or deviant behavior, this is because this behavior has a serious impact on the victim. Based on the various problems and solution studies that have been described, it is necessary to make efforts to prevent bullying behavior. One solution to prevent bullying behavior is a psychoeducation program that is integrated with Islamic moral values such as tolerance and courtesy as one of the reinforcements and supports the success of a guidance for behavior change. The method carried out in this activity is divided into several stages, namely (1) preparation stage, (2) implementation stage, and (3) evaluation stage. This activity produces several products, namely digital posters and guidebooks for teachers and students. The final results of Islamic moral psychoeducation show that students have an understanding of the behaviors that include bullying and understand how to prevent bullying behavior based on Islamic moral values.
Rekonstruksi dan Digitalisasi Taman Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Desa Mlorah
Authors: Ardela Putri Amalia  , Nira Fitryani  , Niken Hefa Zakkiya  , Shafa Diva Syaharani  , Hendra Maulana
Published: September 2024

The reconstruction of the village park is an urgent need in strengthening local identity, improving the quality of life of the community and its environment. The location of the park located on the edge of the Janeng Dam in Mlorah Village is quite well maintained and there are trees that make the environment cool, but it lacks attractiveness because there are no vehicle facilities. The purpose of this community service activity is to achieve the SDGs indicators in order to create a healthier environment, support the digitalization of education, and preserve the environment. The method in implementing the activity is Participatory Action Research. The results of this park reconstruction and digitalization activity are park social media accounts and inorganic waste management into park facilities in the form of biopores, park direction signs, and playgrounds
Sosialisasi Pemanfaatan Tanaman Toga dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Ibu-Ibu TP PKK Desa Lenteng Timur
Authors: Jannatul Firdaus  , Hertin Khalifatun Nisa Arifah  , Edi Awan  , Nurul Hidayat
Published: September 2024

Herbal medicine is one type of traditional Indonesian medicine made from natural ingredients and is a cultural heritage passed down from generation to generation. One of the problems is the lack of knowledge about the benefits of TOGA plants, which are not only used as kitchen spices but can also be utilized as powdered herbal drinks. The main objective of this community service activity is to train and disseminate information on the education and production of powdered herbal drinks that can be sold to the PKK women in Lenteng Timur village, providing additional income for their families. The aim of this research is to determine whether TOGA plants can help the PKK women in Lenteng Timur village earn more income. The methods of socialization, education, training, and evaluation are used in this study. The findings show that before the training, 77.5% of the PKK women in Lenteng Timur village only knew about the use of TOGA plants as powdered herbal drinks; however, after the training, their knowledge increased by 22.5%.
Optimalisasi Pelaksanaan Program Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja (PKPR) Di Sekolah Menenggah Atas
Authors: Nuari Andolina  , Angellisa Lammabue Panjaitan
Published: September 2024

Adolescent Care Health Services (PKPR) is one of the health service programs aimed at adolescents in high schools, to realize “healthy adolescents”. The purpose of this study was to optimize the implementation of the Adolescent Care Health Services Program (PKPR) in senior high schools. The implementation method is carried out by conducting a location survey, looking for problems related to PKPR and finding solutions to these problems. The result of youth empowerment is the development of an “optimization of health services” activity plan. This community service activity was attended by all high school students, teachers responsible for student health services, and PKPR health cadres at school. By providing information about optimizing PKPR health services in high schools and conducting health training for students. It is expected that related parties will be more serious and active in implementing the PKPR program by supervising and monitoring and evaluating the PKPR program regularly and continuously and can allocate special funds to support all activities in the PKPR program.
Peningkatan Literasi Digital dalam Penggunaan Google Forms Pada Warga Kelurahan Pasarbatang Brebes
Authors: Wikaningtyas Ratri , Bahrun Niam  , Maretselani Adias Sabara
Published: September 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan judul "Peningkatan Literasi Digital dalam Penggunaan Google Forms pada Warga Kelurahan Pasarbatang Brebes" bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan digital warga dalam memanfaatkan teknologi informasi, khususnya aplikasi Google Forms. Kegiatan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya literasi digital di kalangan warga, yang mengakibatkan minimnya pemanfaatan teknologi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Program ini melibatkan serangkaian pelatihan praktis yang dirancang untuk memperkenalkan dasar-dasar penggunaan Google Forms, mulai dari pembuatan akun, pembuatan formulir, hingga analisis data yang diperoleh melalui formulir tersebut. Metode yang digunakan meliputi ceramah, demonstrasi, dan praktik langsung yang dipandu oleh tim pengabdian. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman dan keterampilan warga dalam menggunakan Google Forms untuk berbagai keperluan, seperti survei, pendaftaran acara, dan pengumpulan data. Program ini berhasil meningkatkan literasi digital warga Kelurahan Pasarbatang Brebes, sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi positif dalam peningkatan kualitas hidup dan efisiensi kerja masyarakat setempat.
Penggunaan Website Construct Dalam Mengenalkan Dan Cara Membaca Huruf Hijaiyah Di TPA Darul Farhan Palangka Raya
Authors: Rendy Adrian  , Renaldy Akbar  , Hadma Yuliani
Published: September 2024

This article discusses the potential use of websites as a tool for learning Hijaiyah letters, the basis of Arabic writing and the Quran. The purpose of this service is to see explore the role and possibility of utilizing websites in facilitating the learning of Hijaiyah letters. The service was carried out at Darul Farhan TPA using the socialization method and learning approach Using an educative website construct TPA children are introduced to Hijaiyah letters through an educational website that attracts their attention. The use of laptops and smartphones facilitates the identification of Hijaiyah letters, and the “Construct” program is used to measure children's understanding of the letters. The results of the service show that the use of the Construct website in the introduction and learning of Hijaiyah letters at Darul Farhan TPA makes it easy for children to understand Hijaiyah letters.  This learning method also prevents children's boredom by combining learning with games.
Chatgpt Revolutionizes Education: Improves Learning Through Conversational AI
Authors: I. Pujari Dr. Vinayak , S. Patil Dr. Ajit
Published: September 2024

The instructive atmosphere is assumed novel gears by artificial intelligence (AI), which takes the control to transform out-of-date education and knowledge approaches. This article delivers a full examination of artificial intelligence (AI) skills, their likely habits in teaching, and the encounters related with them. We dialog around chatbots and connected procedures that can impersonator human-human communications and generate script that seems humanoid when assumed natural language effort. Current chatbots, such as ChatGPT, have many aids, but their tender in the schoolroom grants important ethical and applied subjects as well. In adding to inspiring accountable and moral usage, the writers expect to proposal valued info on how AI may be positively combined into the instructive situation to advantage both teachers and scholars.
Influence of Information Communication and Technology in Teaching of Senior Secondary School Students in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Computing and information Science, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Published: September 2024

The research is based on the influence of information Communication and Technology (ICT) facilities in teaching senior secondary school students and the challenges encountered in the use of the facilities. The use of Information Communication and Technology (ICT) in learning institutions is an order of the day in various parts of the world. The study examined the availability, functionality and utilization of ICT facilities for effective teaching by the teachers. The study adopted descriptive research design of the survey type which was questionnaire based. Findings from the study show that there are provisions for ICT facilities in the schools and there are provisions for studying staff development in ICT. Based on the findings, appropriate recommendations were made.
O Uso de Biomateriais na Regeneração Óssea em Implantes Dentários
Authors: Eufrásio Jarleno , Antezana Vera Juan Miguel , Antezana Vera Saul Alfredo
Published: September 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma varredura da literatura odontológica vigente sobre os Biomateriais e Composição: Pesquisas Sobre o Desenvolvimento de Biomateriais Específico, Como Cerâmica, Polímeros e Metais, e Sua Composição Ideal para Promover a Regeneração Óssea Eficaz. Sendo uma área bem ampla da odontologia e de forma muito promissora neste artigo será abordado como o futuro da odontologia pode estar voltado para o uso de biomateriais na regeneração óssea em implantes dentário, a forma como a biocompatibilidade pode ser promissora e ao desenvolvimento de materiais inovadores que podem levar a avanços ainda mais significativos na área.
A chilei nemzetállam és a mapuche-kérdés a 19. században
Authors: Zolcsák Attila
Published: September 2024

The Chilean nation-state was consolidated in the nineteenth century, and one of the greatest challenges it faced was how to deal with the plight of the autonomous indigenous people, the Mapuches or Araucanas, who had resisted Spanish conquest for centuries. The aim of this article is to explore and interpret this problem, which has had a unique importance in the history of the Chilean nation-state, but has not been an equally significant issue in other Latin American countries. The study also examines the extent to which it is justified to trace the roots of the current conflict back to the Pinochet era alone.
Short Stature with Type-1 Diabetes: A Clinically Observed Case in Patients Suffering From Mauriac Syndrome
Authors: K R Devendrappa , C Nidhi , Ahmed Sharique , Jadhav Prithi , Khan Shayeebulla
Published: September 2024

Mauriac syndrome (MS) is an exceptionally rare disorder occurring in poorly controlled Type 1 diabetic patients. The consequences include dwarfism, obesity, hepatomegaly, delayed puberty, growth failure and higher levels of transaminase enzyme. We report a case of an adolescent female with classical features of Mauriac syndrome.
TERMOGRAFICKÉ A SONOGRAFICKÉ NÁLEZY U PACIENTOV S BOLESŤAMI KOLENA: RETROSPEKTÍVNA ŠTÚDIA ZA OBDOBIE OD JANUÁRA 2010 DO JÚLA 2023.
Authors: Gabrhel J , Hornáček K , Malay M , Popracová Z , Tauchmannová H , Gabrhelová O
Published: September 2024

Naša štúdia je  retrospektívna štúdia, v ktorej sme z celkového počtu pacientov, ktorí boli prijatí na naše pracovisko pre bolesti kolien v období od januára 2010 do júla 2023, vybrali iba tých, ktorí mali pozitívny sonografický nález a zároveň boli vyšetrení termograficky. Celkový počet vybraných pacientov bol 727. Z toho 321 žien a 406 mužov vo veku 11 až 91 rokov. Priemerného veku 45 rokov. Počet pozitívnych sonografických nálezov bol 2040. Podľa charakteru sonografických nálezov sme ich rozdelili na:  Nálezy s tekutým obsahom  (gangliómy, cysty, burzy, hydrops, haemarthrosis...) – spolu 36%. Nálezy pevnej štruktúry (kalcifikácie, osifikácie, osteofyty, mukoidy, tofy, corpora libera) – spolu 25%. Artrózy femorotibiálne, femoropatelárne – spolu 20%. Lézie (meniskopatie, tendinopatie, ruptúry šliach, svalov, ligament, fraktúry, abrupcie, usurácie) – spolu 17%. Komplikácie po TEP - 1%. Ostatné (rastové bolesti, pliky, chondrokalcinóza, aseptická osteonekróza, tumory, nervové lézie) - spolu 2%. Zo 727 pacientov so sonografickými abnormalitami malo poruchu teplotnej distribúcie 72%. Z nich 67% pacientov malo hypertermiu bolestivého kolena, 5% hypotermiu. 28% pacientov malo normálny teplotný vzor symptomatického kolena v porovnaní s kontralaterálnym kolenom.
Effect of MgO concentration on phase evolution during steelmaking slag cooling process
Authors:   Chongqing University, Gu W F , Diao J ,   Chongqing University, Qin H ,   Chongqing University, Yu H F ,   University of Science and Technology Beijing, Sasaki Y ,   Tohoku University, Ueda S ,   Tohoku University
Published: September 2024

The main reason for the underutilisation of steelmaking slags is their instability, which is influenced by their complex phase structure. Recycling and sustainable steelmaking slag face challenges due to the presence of magnesium oxide (MgO), a crucial component in steelmaking slag. This study investigates the phase evolution of steelmaking slag during the cooling process with different MgO contents, using high-temperature experiments and FactSage™ software, ver 8.1, (by Thermfact/CRCT and GTT-Technologies) thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses identified main phases in steelmaking slag, including Ca2SiO4 (C2S), RO (MgO-FeO solid solution), Ca2Fe2O5 (C2F), and Ca3SiO5 (C3S). The study reveals that RO phase increases as the MgO content increases. C3S precipitates from steelmaking slag with a 12 mass per cent MgO content at a reduced temperature of 1400°C. It is important to note that C3S remains in the steelmaking slag even after slow cooling. This may be due to the substitution of Ca2+ in C3S by Fe2+ and Mg2+ ions. Intriguingly, the precipitation of f-CaO in steelmaking slag with 10 mass per cent of MgO content occurred after one year, while there was no manifestation of f-CaO precipitation in the steelmaking slag with 12 mass per cent of MgO content even after one year. This discrepancy suggests a potential stabilising effect of an appropriate amount of MgO in steelmaking slag. However, it is crucial to emphasise that this inference lacks supporting data, necessitating further research to validate this hypothesis. The significance of this work is in uncovering the complexities of steelmaking slag behaviour, providing essential insights for optimising recycling processes. The research sheds light on the factors that influence the phase composition and stability of steelmaking slag, contributing to the utilisation of steelmaking slags, promoting environmental sustainability, and enhancing the overall efficiency of metallurgical processes in the current industrial landscape.
University research on molten slags, matte, speiss and metal systems for high temperature processing – challenges, opportunities and solutions
Authors:   University of Queensland, Jak E , Shevchenko M ,   University of Queensland, Shishin D ,   University of Queensland, Nekhoroshev E ,   University of Queensland, Chen J ,   University of Queensland, Hayes P ,   University of Queensland
Published: September 2024

Recent decades have seen significant advancements in analytical and experimental techniques, thermodynamic theory, and computational capabilities in high temperature research which are particularly timely to address the challenges of increasingly complex and variable feedstocks in both primary and secondary pyrometallurgical processes, the need to optimise and improve them. Currently a research program is in progress on the development of the 20-component multi-phase thermodynamic database for pyrometallurgical smelting, refining and recycling systems describing thermodynamics and phase equilibria of molten slag, matte, speiss, salts, alloys and associated solids. The integrated experimental and modelling program has been supported for nearly two decades by several consortia of 14 major international companies with over 30 operations around the world, integrates many components, incorporates many in-house developments, and brings together many different groups of professionals of different levels from junior and mid-career to senior from both industry and university sectors. The aims of the paper are: * to outline the many components and issues of the overall program including analytical, experimental and thermodynamic modelling research as well as implementation of the results in industrial practice, professional education, planning and organisation issues. * to highlight the opportunities, challenges, and possible solutions. * to present these to all different groups of professionals involved in the current program. * and thus, importantly, to facilitate possible future further developments and collaborations in the field of phase equilibria and thermodynamics of complex high-temperature systems.
A study of heat and material balances in direct reduction plant with various conditions
Authors:   Hyundai Steel, Sun M J , Kim H ,   Hyundai Steel
Published: September 2024

Global steel companies are actively combating climate change by reducing carbon emissions. Traditional steel production, using the blast furnace (BF) – basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process, heavily depends on coal and emits substantial CO2. To mitigate this, companies are transitioning to the more eco-friendly DRP (direct reduction plant) – EAF (electric arc furnace) process, which lowers CO2 emissions. This study quantitatively evaluates the impact of increased hydrogen consumption on the carbon footprint of product (CFP) through an analysis of direct reduction process heat and mass balances. The study prioritises a comprehensive material balance based on mass conservation principles. The heat balance is calculated using differences in enthalpy through state energy properties, avoiding heat consumption. Validation using operational data from Hyundai Steel Dangjin works’ blast furnaces shows close alignment between calculated results and actual data, with less than 1 per cent error. This methodology facilitates a detailed analysis of the direct reduction process, offering insights into its feasibility and efficiency. Analysis of the operational impact by increasing the hydrogen ratio demonstrates reduced CO2 emissions and increased heat requirements due to the endothermic nature of hydrogen reduction, in contrast to the exothermic CO reduction. Possible solutions include raising reducing gas temperature or enhancing flow rate. The study effectively utilises designed heat and mass balances to assess material quantities and thermal balance under different operational conditions. It lays the foundation for the initial direct reduction process design, aiding in deriving and optimising operational parameters. Additionally, it provides valuable insights into the challenges of increased hydrogen, contributing to the production of greener steel by addressing these issues.
Thermodynamic modelling of the Fe-Al-Ti-O system and evolution of Al-Ti complex inclusions during Ti-added ultra-low carbon steel production
Authors:   Pohang University of Science and Technology, Park Y-J , Kang Y-B ,   Pohang University of Science and Technology
Published: September 2024

Ti-added ultra-low carbon (ULC) steel is produced by adding Al and Ti during the secondary refining process to deoxidise molten steel and to bind C and N which are detrimental to the deep drawing quality of the steel product. However, the production of Ti-added ULC steel faces challenges, including submerged entry nozzle clogging and surface defects on cold rolled coils. The troubles were often attributed to ‘Al-Ti complex inclusions’ in the molten steel. However, the evolution of oxide inclusions including their stability has been still unclear. In the present study, the evolution of these inclusions in Ti-added ULC steel was investigated by phase diagram measurement, CALPHAD thermodynamic modelling, high-temperature stability test for the oxides, and observation of transient behaviour of oxide inclusions in the steel. The phase diagram of the Al-Ti-O system was elucidated with an emphasis on oxygen potential, which significantly controls the stability of the oxides. CALPHAD thermodynamic models and a self-consistent database were developed. The transient behaviour of Al-Ti complex inclusions in Ti-added ULC steel was observed in situ using a confocal scanning laser microscope. This was additionally validated by the new thermodynamic model. The equilibrium phases of the oxide inclusions were investigated using a high-temperature resistance furnace, and were analysed using a secondary electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, and electron back-scattered diffraction. By considering the morphology and crystal structure of these inclusions, the evolution of Al-Ti oxide inclusions was elucidated. Various behaviour of Al-Ti inclusions and their influence on steel cleanliness are discussed.
Effect of Al2O3/SiO2 ratio on structure and properties of mould flux for high-Al steel continuous casting
Authors:   University of New South Wales, Wang Q , Zhang J ,   University of New South Wales, Ostrovski O ,   University of New South Wales, Zhang C ,   Baosteel Group Corporation Research Institute, Cai D ,   Baosteel Group Corporation Research Institute
Published: September 2024

The conventional CaO-SiO2-based mould fluxes are not suitable for high-Al steel casting because of the strong reaction between silica in the flux and aluminium in the steel strand. In the process of casting of high-Al steel, flux composition changes; with the decrease of the silica concentration and increase of alumina. Knowledge and understanding of the effect of the Al2O3/SiO2 ratio on flux structure and properties are useful for flux design for the high Al-steel continuous casting. This paper investigated the effect of the Al2O3/SiO2 ratio on structure, viscosity, phase composition of fluxes quenched at different temperatures and heat transfer of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3-Na2O-Li2O-MgO-F fluxes. It was found that flux melting temperature increased with the increase in Al2O3/SiO2 ratio. Viscosity of the flux melts increased significantly with the increase of the Al2O3/SiO2 ratio from 0.7 to 1.2, reaching the maximum value, and then decreased with further increase of the Al2O3/SiO2 ratio. Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that the change of the Al2O3/SiO2 ratio led to the change of aluminate and silicate structural units. The turning point for viscosity was attributed to the change in the degree of flux polymerisation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that increasing Al2O3/SiO2 ratio increased crystallisation tendency of the fluxes. Heat transfer measurement by infrared emitter technique (IET) revealed that increasing Al2O3/SiO2 ratio led to the decrease in heat flux which is correlated well with the increased crystallinity of the flux. The results suggested that the flux with Al2O3/SiO2 ratio 4.3 is the best candidate among the studied CaO-Al2O3-based mould fluxes for casting of high-Al steel.
Carburisation and melting of hot compacted iron in a coke bed
Authors:   POSCO, Park J , Kim M ,   Hyundai Steel, Suh I-K ,   Korea University, Kim E ,   Korea University, Lee J ,   Korea University
Published: September 2024

One of the key technologies in developing hydrogen-enriched ironmaking operations is the control of the carburisation, melting, and dripping behaviour of the iron ore burden materials. When a hot compacted iron (HCI) is charged in the blast furnace or the FINEX Melter-Gasifier, iron oxide reduction, the reduced iron’s carburisation, and the melting of iron and slag occur successively. This study investigated the reduction, carburisation, melting and dripping behaviour of HCI under a CO-H2 gas mixture using the high-temperature X-ray radiographic technique. Under 100 per cent CO gas atmosphere, the dripping temperature was 1410°C. When 5 per cent H2 was introduced, the dripping temperature slightly decreased to 1400°C. Furthermore, the dripping temperature gradually increased as the H2 gas composition increased. As 30 per cent H2 was introduced, the dripping temperature reached 1414°C. The carbon concentration in the drained metal samples gradually increased with increasing H2 composition. It is considered that H2 decreased FeO content in the slag, yielding the increased melting temperature and viscosity of the slag. On the other hand, H2 accelerated the carburisation of the reduced iron by CO gas, enabling the homogenisation of the oxide materials to form a liquid phase. Therefore, it is considered that introducing H2 in the reactor is helpful to increase productivity and energy efficiency by accelerating the liquid phase’s formation.
Challenges and limitations in development of large thermodynamic databases for multiple molten phases using the Modified Quasichemical Formalism
Authors:   University of Queensland, Shishin D , Shevchenko M ,   University of Queensland, Nekhoroshev E ,   University of Queensland, Jak E ,   University of Queensland
Published: September 2024

In the field of pyrometallurgy, the presence of multiple molten phases with distinct chemical compositions, such as slags, mattes, speiss liquids, metals and molten salts, is a well-known phenomenon. These phases exhibit strongly non-ideal solution behaviour and are mutually miscible to varying degrees. To describe these complex molten liquids, the Modified Quasichemical Model (MQM) has proven effective and has been applied to numerous binary, ternary and several higher-order multicomponent systems related to pyrometallurgy. In recent decades, the complexity of high-temperature processes has escalated due to increased impurity concentrations in primary ores, the incorporation of recycled consumer products and the integration of metallurgical plants through by-product and waste exchanges. To address these issues, PYROSEARCH laboratory has been developing large 20-component thermodynamic database using a generalised CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) methodology integrated with experimental investigations. Over the past decade, strategic decisions were made balancing the ability to generate experimental data, prediction power, accuracy, stability of calculations, as well as computational time, which are discussed in the paper. Examples provided for issues of >3 liquid immiscibility, non-ionic behaviour and exaggerated ‘sharp’ enthalpies of mixing in silicate slags, dealing with multiple oxidation states, as well as comparative analysis of pair and quadruplet approximation in MQM.
Practicalities of the use of fayalite slags for recovery of metals from urban wastes
Authors:   University of Queensland, Chen J , Nicol S ,   Glencore Technology, Hogg B ,   Glencore Technology, Jak E ,   University of Queensland, Nikolic S ,   Glencore Technology
Published: September 2024

The quantity of post-consumer ‘waste’ materials generated each year is rapidly increasing. These materials can contain significant quantities of critical metals and present an environmental challenge if landfilled. The ISACYCLE™ technology is a proven solution for the processing of these materials. In the ISACYCLE™ furnace, the post-consumer materials are processed to recover energy along with any contained critical metals, in the form of a base metal alloy or matte. In addition, a clean aggregate (slag) is generated, which has the potential to be used for a range of applications in the construction industry. This slag is commonly based on a fayalite slag but is modified to manage the complex feed. This paper will review the fayalite slag system and the theoretical modifications required for treating urban wastes. Slags from an ISACYCLE™ furnace processing urban wastes have been sampled and characterised. The chemistry of these samples will be reviewed and compared to the expected theoretical modifications required.
Flux smelting behaviour of pre-reduced Mn ore by hydrogen at elevated temperatures
Authors:   NTNU, Kumar P , Safarian J ,   NTNU
Published: September 2024

Understanding how ore interacts with flux particles at elevated temperatures to create molten slag is crucial since it governs the dynamics of a chemical reaction. This study explores the smelting behaviour of pre-reduced Nchwaning manganese ore when combined with lime, with the objective of examining the evolving interaction between pre-reduced ore particles and lime over time. The research sheds light on the interaction between solid and liquid and the phases that emerge during this process. To achieve this, a sessile drop furnace was employed to rapidly heat the materials positioned adjacent to each other on an alumina substrate and to observe the smelting process as it unfolded over time. This method allowed for the direct observation of the melting temperatures and the flux-ore reaction progression rate, and the potential disruptive events that might occur. By comparing the molten interfaces of the fluxed materials at various time intervals, this study provides insights into the relative rate of slag formation from the two materials. The results indicate that the main slag formation initiated at approximately 1400°C and continued to advance with time, with complete mixing occurring around 1500°C. The possible phases formed were identified using Scanning Electron Microscopy and modelled using Fact Sage thermodynamic software. In addition, the iron particles in the pre-reduced Mn ore were separated and settled from a rich MnO-containing slag. It was found that the separation of molten iron droplets from the slag depends on the rate of solid MnO particles dissolution into the adjacent slag phase.