bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
David Hume, the Académie des inscriptions and the Nature of Historical Evidence in the Early Eighteenth Century
Authors: Faria Pedro
Published: January 2020

Philosophical history became the Enlightenment genre of historical writing par excellence supposedly by “defeating” established humanist erudite history and antiquarianism. This article argues that, contrary to established perceptions, philosophical history developed out of a concern expressed by early eighteenth-century erudite historians about the nature of historical evidence: both David Hume—leading philosophical historian—and the members of the French erudite Académie des inscriptions et belles lettres shared a broadly Lockean approach to historical evidence, choosing verisimilitude to common experience as the key criterion of certainty. Indeed, Hume likely drew directly from the académiciens. Historical certainty is achieved, both sides concluded, by providing a verisimilar chain of causes of historical events, rather than mere lists of historical facts. Philosophical historians like Hume departed from the reformulated eighteenth-century version of erudite history by making causes the main object of history rather than merely a foundation of trustworthy factual accounts.
Development of the Motivation to Participate in Psychological Research Scale
Authors: Freng Scott
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In a series of four studies, I developed and found evidence supporting the validity of a new measure, the Motivation to Participate in Psychological Research Scale (MPPRS). Based upon the tenets of Self-Determination Theory and aimed at measuring motivation in undergraduate students, the scale demonstrated a three-factor structure in exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (Study 1: N = 238, Study 2: N = 264, Study 3: N = 297). Factors corresponded to autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation. Preliminary evidence supported the validity of MPPRS scores, and subscales differentiated psychology majors from non-majors, as well as associated with the timing of research participation during the semester. Examining student motivation with the MPPRS has possible implications for data quality, as a moderator of research findings, and might be used to track changes in students’ interest regarding psychological research. However, future research is needed to assess the predictive validity of the MPPRS.
Remote Detection and Location of Explosive Volcanism in Alaska With the EarthScope Transportable Array
Authors: Sanderson Richard W. , Matoza Robin S. , Fee David , Haney Matthew M. , Lyons John J.
Published: January 2020

The current deployment of the EarthScope Transportable Array (TA) in Alaska affords an unprecedented opportunity to study explosive volcanic eruptions using a relatively dense regional seismoacoustic network. Infrasound monitoring has demonstrated utility for the remote (>250 km range) detection and characterization of volcanic explosions, but previous studies have used relatively sparse regional or global networks. Seventy explosive events from the locally unmonitored Bogoslof volcano (2016–2017) provide a unique validation data set to examine the ability of the TA and other regional networks to detect and locate remote explosive volcanic eruptions in Alaska. With a simple envelope‐based reverse time migration (RTM) technique, we are able to detect and locate more than 72% of the 61 Bogoslof infrasound events detected by the Alaska Volcano Observatory. Notably, RTM using only sparse regional infrasound arrays produces results similar to when incorporating the extensive single‐sensor TA network, likely due to favorable signal‐to‐noise ratios, seasonal propagation conditions, and source‐receiver geometries. Our implementation also detects and locates explosive eruptions from Cleveland volcano, Alaska, and Bezymianny volcano, Kamchatka, as well as infrasound from nonvolcanic events such as earthquakes. We characterize the success of the RTM algorithm and associated parameter choices using receiver operating characteristic curves, event detection rates, and location accuracy. Our methods are useful for explosive volcanic and nonvolcanic event detection and localization using real‐time data and for scanning continuous waveform data archives.
Simultaneous Episodes of Heavy Rainfall in Morocco and Southern Alps: 2. Time Scales and Mapping of Remote and Local Evaporative Sources
Authors: Gangoiti G. , Sáez de Cámara E. , Alonso L. , Iza J. , García J. A. , Valdenebro V. , Gómez M. C. , Navazo M. , García E.
Published: January 2020

A mesoscale modeling system, previously used to evaluate the evaporation sources during the August 2002 Central‐European Floods (ACEF), is now adapted to analyze the 14–16 November 2002 simultaneous torrential rains in the Alps and Morocco. The meteorology of the selected episode and the climatology and time of recurrence of similar episodes were discussed in the companion article. Contrary to the ACEF estimations, the vapor sources keep almost constant for the 3‐day rainfalls, in accordance with a quasi‐stationary large‐scale forcing. They show a dominance of marine sources (60% and 93% of the total attributed precipitations in the Alps and Morocco, respectively) with a main role of the Western Central Mediterranean for the Alpine targets and the Atlantic Ocean for Morocco. A share of 12%, comparable with the August episode, comes from direct rain‐column evaporation in the Alps. Vapor loading rates of the target vapor show an exponential increase during the last 3–4 days before the initiation of the episode, while for the ACEF episode we estimate a longer period of 6–7 days. Three areas of intense marine evaporation are observed, two in the North Atlantic Ocean and one in the Mediterranean Sea, related with the rainfall targets and corresponding with regions of enhanced sea surface temperature decrease. Vapor from the main terrestrial source in North Africa, including the tropical region, is transported inside the prefrontal secondary circulation into the Alpine region. A similar circulation and evaporative source distribution are documented during other simultaneous episodes.
Trumpet‐Shaped Topography Modulation of the Frequency, Vertical Structures, and Water Path of Cloud Systems in the Summertime Over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau: A Perspective of Daytime–Nighttime Differences
Authors: Yu Lu , Fu YunFei , Yang Yuanjian , Pan Xiao , Tan Ruiting
Published: January 2020

The warm and humid summer monsoon frequently reaches the steep southern slope of the Himalayas, which is conducive to the formation of unique cloud systems. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the characteristics and mechanisms of cloud systems over the trumpet‐shaped topography (TST) region in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence frequency, vertical structures, and water path of clouds over the TST regions and their daytime–nighttime differences using the combined measurements of the CloudSat and CALIPSO satellites from 2007 to 2010 during June–August. Results show a marginal difference in occurrence frequency of total clouds between the daytime (95.4%) and nighttime (97%) over the TST region, while different‐typed clouds exhibit various daytime–nighttime differences in frequency, vertical structures, and water path. In particular, deep convection, cirrus, altocumulus, and nimbostratus clouds tend to occur more frequently at nighttime, while stratocumulus and cumulus clouds occur more in the daytime. Multilayered clouds form more easily at nighttime, especially triple‐layered clouds. The cloud top/bottom heights and liquid/ice water paths of clouds are higher at nighttime than in the daytime over the TST region, which is associated with the increase in deep convection, cirrus, and altocumulus clouds at nighttime. In general, the differences in cloud properties are mainly related to the combined effects of the TST‐induced unique mountain‐valley circulation, the large‐scale monsoonal circulation, and the thermal difference between the day and night. These findings provide valuable observational evidence for the further understanding and accurate simulation of cloud systems over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau region.
Provenance of Synorogenic Foreland Basin Strata in Southwestern Montana Requires Revision of Existing Models for Laramide Tectonism: North American Cordillera
Authors: Garber K. L. , Finzel E. S. , Pearson D. M.
Published: January 2020

The Laramide province is characterized by foreland basin partitioning through the growth of basement arches. Although variable along the western U.S. margin, the general consensus is initiation of this structural style by the early Campanian (~80 Ma). This has been linked to flat‐slab subduction beneath western North America, but the extent and cause for a flat slab remain debated, invoking the need for better constraints on the regional variations in timing of Laramide deformation. We present new conglomerate clast composition, sandstone petrographic, and detrital zircon U‐Pb geochronologic data from the Upper Cretaceous Beaverhead Group in southwestern Montana that suggest a pre‐Campanian history of basement‐involved deformation. During the early stages of deposition (~88–83 Ma), two separate depositional systems derived sediment from the Lemhi subbasin and distal thrust sheets to the west as well as Paleozoic strata eroding off the exhuming Blacktail‐Snowcrest arch to the east. Our data provide the first conclusive evidence for the longitudinal transport of gravel via Cordilleran paleorivers connecting sediment sources in east central Idaho to depocenters in southwestern Montana and northwestern Wyoming. Furthermore, erosion of Paleozoic strata by this time requires that the Blacktail‐Snowcrest arch was exhuming prior to ~88 Ma in order to remove the Mesozoic overburden. Later (~73–66 Ma) sediment flux was entirely from the foreland‐propagating fold‐thrust belt to the west. These results suggest that Laramide‐style deformation in southwestern Montana preceded initiation elsewhere along the margin, requiring revision of existing models for Laramide tectonism.
A Classification of Streamflow Patterns Across the Coastal Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Sergeant Christopher J. , Falke Jeffrey A. , Bellmore Rebecca A. , Bellmore J. Ryan , Crumley Ryan L.
Published: January 2020

Streamflow controls many freshwater and marine processes, including salinity profiles, sediment composition, fluxes of nutrients, and the timing of animal migrations. Watersheds that border the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) comprise over 400,000 km2 of largely pristine freshwater habitats and provide ecosystem services such as reliable fisheries for local and global food production. Yet no comprehensive watershed‐scale description of current temporal and spatial patterns of streamflow exists within the coastal GOA. This is an immediate need because the spatial distribution of future streamflow patterns may shift dramatically due to warming air temperature, increased rainfall, diminishing snowpack, and rapid glacial recession. Our primary goal was to describe variation in streamflow patterns across the coastal GOA using an objective set of descriptors derived from flow predictions at the downstream‐most point within each watershed. We leveraged an existing hydrologic runoff model and Bayesian mixture model to classify 4,140 watersheds into 13 classes based on seven streamflow statistics. Maximum discharge timing (annual phase shift) and magnitude relative to mean discharge (amplitude) were the most influential attributes. Seventy‐six percent of watersheds by number showed patterns consistent with rain or snow as dominant runoff sources, while the remaining watersheds were driven by rain‐snow, glacier, or low‐elevation wetland runoff. Streamflow classes exhibited clear mechanistic links to elevation, ice coverage, and other landscape features. Our classification identifies watersheds that might shift streamflow patterns in the near future and, importantly, will help guide the design of studies that evaluate how hydrologic change will influence coastal GOA ecosystems.
Accessing the nursing behaviour of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edilus) on carbohydrates dynamics and photosystems
Authors: Wang Shitephen , Chen Tsai-Huei , Liu En-U , Liu Chiung-Pin
Published: January 2020

Nursing behaviour, also known as breastfeeding behaviour, is the feeding of juvenile individuals with nutrients or proteins from matures especially in mammals. As a hypothetical phenomenon in bamboo forests, mature bamboos have transferred photoassimilates to young bamboos for recovering and rebuilding their photosystems especially in winter. This process is accompanied by changes in the ability of photosystems and the mass fraction of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), structural carbohydrates (SCs), and lignin. We analysed carbohydrates and chlorophyll fluorescence to compare the physiological traits in mature (age 2, 3, 4) and immature (age 1) Moso bamboos (Phyllostachys edilus) during a year using the Portable Chlorophyll Fluorometer (PCF) and the Liquid Chromatographic (LC) method. The results showed that the mass fraction of total soluble carbohydrates (TSCs) and starch in the bottom of bamboo at age 1 was higher than other parts and ages in spring, whereas the mass fraction of TSCs, starch, and sucrose at age 3 was higher than other parts and ages in winter. The Fv/Fm, an indicator to reveal photosystems were functional or not, at age 1 dramatically dropped when the cold current attacked first time in October, and then quickly recovered in November. Our findings indicate that mature bamboos very possibly provide carbohydrates to immature bamboos and help them rebuild their photosystems when a bamboo forest resists cold stress.
Effect of cereal soaking and carbohydrase supplementation on growth, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microbiota in liquid-fed grow-finishing pigs
Authors: Torres-Pitarch Alberto , Gardiner Gillian E. , Cormican Paul , Rea Mary , Crispie Fiona , O’Doherty John V. , Cozannet Pierre , Ryan Tomas , Lawlor Peadar G.
Published: January 2020

Soaking the cereal fraction of a liquid diet prior to feeding (Csoak), and/or carbohydrase enzyme supplementation (ENZ) are likely to modulate both feed and intestinal microbial populations and improve feed efficiency (FE) in pigs. To test this hypothesis, a total of 392 grow-finisher pigs (~33.4 kg, 7 pigs/pen) were randomly allocated to 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for 70 days as follows: (1) fresh liquid feed (Fresh); (2) Cereal soaked liquid feed (Soak); (3) Fresh + ENZ and (4) Soak + ENZ. An interaction between ENZ and Csoak was found for average daily gain (ADG) during the growing phase (day 0 to 21; P < 0.05) where pigs fed the Soak + ENZ diet had higher ADG than pigs fed the Fresh + ENZ diet. No treatment effect was found for ADG thereafter. Enzyme supplementation increased total tract nutrient digestibility (P < 0.05) and reduced caecal VFA concentrations (P < 0.05) but did not improve pig growth or FE. Both Csoak and ENZ modulated intestinal microbiota composition; increasing abundance of bacterial taxa that were negatively correlated with pig growth and reducing abundance of taxa positively correlated with pig growth and caecal butyrate concentration. In conclusion, both strategies (Csoak and ENZ) improved nutrient digestibility in pigs and modulated intestinal microbiota composition.
Cancer staging at diagnosis data comparisons in South Australia
Authors: Meng Rosie , Venugopal Kamalesh , Thomas Helen , D’Onise Katina
Published: January 2020

Cancer stage at diagnosis is an important gap for Australian population based cancer registries. The study aims to understand the quality and completeness of three different collections of cancer staging data. The South Australian Cancer Registry data collection for breast and colorectal cancer (CRC) cases diagnosed in 2011, was linked to Registry Derived Stage (RDS) data, pathology plus hospital metastasis codes (pathology stage), and the South Australian Clinical Cancer Registry Stage (SACCR stage). The agreement between staging systems was examined using kappa statistics. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression were used to examine the difference in survival by staging methods. Among 2,530 breast and CRC cases 98.8% were stageable (n = 2,500) according to histology. Among stageable cases, 84.6% had RDS, 51.2% had pathology stage and 29.5% had SACCR stage. The kappa statistic for RDS and pathology stage was 0.930 for breast cancer and 0.973 for CRC, and 0.574 for RDS and SACCR stage for breast cancer and 0.632 for CRC. The agreement between pathology stage and SACCR stage was 0.430 for breast cancer and 0.528 for CRC. The distribution of stage was similar across staging methods, although more stage four cancers by pathology stage, and survival patterns were similar but not the same. The agreement was high between different staging systems. Pathology stage had a higher than expected stage 4 proportion. This study highlights an opportunity to collect stage information in a cost-effective manner, while collecting data that usefully represent stage at diagnosis across the population, for population based epidemiological analyses.
Semantic Segmentation of the Choroid in Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Images for Volumetrics
Authors: Tsuji Shingo , Sekiryu Tetsuju , Sugano Yukinori , Ojima Akira , Kasai Akihito , Okamoto Masahiro , Eifuku Satoshi
Published: January 2020

The choroid is a complex vascular tissue that is covered with the retinal pigment epithelium. Ultra high speed swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) provides us with high-resolution cube scan images of the choroid. Robust segmentation techniques are required to reconstruct choroidal volume using SS-OCT images. For automated segmentation, the delineation of the choroidal-scleral (C-S) boundary is key to accurate segmentation. Low contrast of the boundary, scleral canals formed by the vessel and the nerve, and the posterior stromal layer, may cause segmentation errors. Semantic segmentation is one of the applications of deep learning used to classify the parts of images related to the meanings of the subjects. We applied semantic segmentation to choroidal segmentation and measured the volume of the choroid. The measurement results were validated through comparison with those of other segmentation methods. As a result, semantic segmentation was able to segment the C-S boundary and choroidal volume adequately.
First in man study of [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate PET: a novel macrophage imaging technique to visualize rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Verweij Nicki J. F. , Yaqub Maqsood , Bruijnen Stefan T. G. , Pieplenbosch S. , ter Wee Marieke M. , Jansen Gerrit , Chen Qingshou , Low Philip S. , Windhorst Albert D. , Lammertsma Adriaan A. , Hoekstra Otto S. , Voskuyl Alexandre E. , van der Laken Conny J.
Published: January 2020

Non-invasive imaging of arthritis activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using macrophage PET holds promise for early diagnosis and therapeutic response monitoring. Previously obtained results with macrophage tracer (R)-[11C]PK11195 were encouraging, but the imaging signal could be further improved by reduction of background uptake. Recently, the novel macrophage tracer [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate was developed. This tracer showed excellent targeting of the folate receptor β on activated macrophages in synovial tissue in a preclinical arthritic rat model. We performed three substudies to investigate the biodistribution, potential for imaging arthritis and kinetic properties of [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate in RA patients. Firstly, biodistribution demonstrated fast clearance of [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate from heart and blood vessels and no dose limiting uptake in organs. Secondly, [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate showed uptake in arthritic joints with significantly lower background and hence significantly higher target-to-background ratios as compared to reference macrophage tracer (R)-[11C]PK11195. Lastly, dynamic scanning demonstrated fast tracer uptake in affected joints, reaching a plateau after 1 minute, co-existing with a rapid blood clearance. In conclusion, this first in man study demonstrates the potential of [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate to image arthritis activity in RA with favourable imaging characteristics of rapid clearance and low background uptake, that allow for detection of inflammatory activity in the whole body.
A lysosomal K+ channel regulates large particle phagocytosis by facilitating lysosome Ca2+ release
Authors: Sun Xue , Xu Mengnan , Cao Qi , Huang Peng , Zhu Xiaojuan , Dong Xian-Ping
Published: January 2020

Macrophages are highly specialized in removing large particles including dead cells and cellular debris. When stimulated, delivery of the intracellular lysosomal membranes is required for the formation of plasmalemmal pseudopods and phagosomes. As a key lysosomal Ca2+ channel, Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin-1 (TRPML1) regulates lysosomal exocytosis and subsequent phagosome biogenesis, thereby promoting phagocytosis of large extracellular particles. Recently, we have suggested that TRPML1-mediated lysosomal exocytosis is essentially dependent on lysosomal big conductance Ca2+-activated potassium (BK) channel. Therefore, we predict that lysosomal BK channels regulate large particle phagocytosis. In this study, by using RAW264.7 macrophage cell line and bone marrow-derived macrophages, we show that although BK is dispensable for small particle uptake, loss of BK significantly inhibits the ingestion of large particles whereas activating BK increases the uptake of large particles. BK facilitating effect on large particle ingestion is inhibited by either blocking TRPML1 or suppressing lysosomal exocytosis. Additionally, the increased uptake of large particles by activating TRPML1 is eliminated by inhibiting BK. These data suggest that BK and TRPML1 are functionally coupled to regulate large particle phagocytosis through modulating lysosomal exocytosis.
Special vulnerability of somatic niche cells to transposable element activation in Drosophila larval ovaries
Authors: Sokolova Olesya A. , Mikhaleva Elena A. , Kharitonov Sergey L. , Abramov Yuri A. , Gvozdev Vladimir A. , Klenov Mikhail S.
Published: January 2020

In theDrosophilaovary, somatic escort cells (ECs) form a niche that promotes differentiation of germline stem cell (GSC) progeny. The piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA) pathway, which represses transposable elements (TEs), is required in ECs to prevent the accumulation of undifferentiated germ cells (germline tumor phenotype). The soma-specific piRNA clusterflamenco(flam) produces a substantial part of somatic piRNAs. Here, we characterized the biological effects of somatic TE activation on germ cell differentiation inflammutants. We revealed that the choice between normal and tumorous phenotypes offlammutant ovaries depends on the number of persisting ECs, which is determined at the larval stage. Accordingly, we found much more frequent DNA breaks in somatic cells offlamlarval ovaries than in adult ECs. The absence of Chk2 or ATM checkpoint kinases dramatically enhanced oogenesis defects offlammutants, in contrast to the germline TE-induced defects that are known to be mostly suppressed byсhk2mutation. These results demonstrate a crucial role of checkpoint kinases in protecting niche cells against deleterious TE activation and suggest substantial differences between DNA damage responses in ovarian somatic and germ cells.
Evaluating Mild Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease in Clinical Practice in Taiwan
Authors: Yu Rwei-Ling , Lee Wei-Ju , Li Jie-Yuan , Chang Yung-Yee , Chen Chin-Chung , Lin Juei-Jueng , Sung Yueh-Feng , Lin Tsu-Kung , Fuh Jong-Ling
Published: January 2020

Our study aimed to examine the contribution of commonly used tools, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and develop a formula for conversion of these tests in the Chinese population. We also create a predictive model for the detection of Chinese patients’ mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We recruited 168 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) from 12 medical centres or teaching hospitals in Taiwan, and each participant received a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to find predictors of MCI with the help of a generalized additive model. We found that patients with an MMSE > 25 or a MoCA > 21 were less likely to have MCI. The discrimination powers of the two tests used for detecting MCI were 0.902 and 0.868, respectively, as measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The best predictive model suggested that patients with a higher MMSE score, delayed recall scores of the 12-item Word Recall Test ≥ 5.817, and no test decline in the visuospatial index were less likely to have MCI (ROC = 0.982). Our findings have clinical utility in MCI detection in Chinese PD and need a larger sample to confirm.
Pifithrin-α alters p53 post-translational modifications pattern and differentially inhibits p53 target genes
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Singh Madhurendra , Selivanova Galina , Peuget Sylvain
Published: January 2020

Pifithrin-α (PFT-α) is a small molecule which has been widely used as a specific inhibitor of p53 transcription activity. However, its molecular mechanism of action remains unclear. PFT-α has also been described to display potent p53-independent activity in cells. In this study, we addressed the mechanism of action of PFT-α. We found that PFT-α failed to prevent the effects of Mdm2 inhibitor Nutlin-3 on cell cycle and apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. However, PFT-α rescued normal primary fibroblasts from growth inhibition by Nutlin-3. PFT-α displayed a very limited effect on p53-dependent transcription upon its activation by Nutlin-3. Moreover, PFT-α inhibitory effect on transcription was highly dependent on the nature of the p53 target gene. PFT-α attenuated post-translational modifications of p53 without affecting total p53 protein level. Finally, we found that PFT-α can decrease the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species through activation of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-Nrf2 axis in a p53-independent manner. In conclusion, PFT-α inhibits only some aspects of p53 function, therefore it should be used with extreme caution to study p53-dependent processes.
Development of chimeric peptides to facilitate the neutralisation of lipopolysaccharides during bactericidal targeting of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Wang Zhenlong , Liu Xuehui , Da Teng  , Mao Ruoyu , Hao Ya , Yang Na , Wang Xiao , Li Zhanzhan , Wang Xiumin , Wang Jianhua
Published: January 2020

Pathogenic Escherichia coli can cause fatal diarrheal diseases in both animals and humans. However, no antibiotics or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can adequately kill resistant bacteria and clear bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which leads to inflammation and sepsis. Here, the LPS-targeted smart chimeric peptides (SCPs)-A6 and G6 are generated by connecting LPS-targeting peptide-LBP14 and killing domain-N6 via different linkers. Rigid and flexible linkers retain the independent biological activities from each component. SCPs-A6 and G6 exert low toxicity and no bacterial resistance, and they more rapidly kill multiple-drug-resistant E. coli and more effectively neutralize LPS toxicity than N6 alone. The SCPs can enhance mouse survival more effectively than N6 or polymyxin B and alleviate lung injuries by blocking mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa-B p65 activation. These findings uniquely show that SCPs-A6 and G6 may be promising dual-function candidates as improved antibacterial and anti-endotoxin agents to treat bacterial infection and sepsis.
Gadolinium-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging of orthotopic hepatocarcinoma and primary hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Nan-nan , Lu Chen-ying , Shu Gao-feng , Li Jie , Chen Min-jiang , Chen Chun-miao , Lv Xiu-ling , Xu Xiao-ling , Weng Wei , Weng Qiao-you , Tang Bu-fu , Du Yong-Zhong , Ji Jian-song
Published: January 2020

Schematic illustration of the formation and the MR imaging effect of A54-CaPNPs.
A type of novel Weyl semimetal candidate: layered transition metal monochalcogenides Mo2XY (X, Y = S, Se, Te, X ≠ Y)
Authors: Meng Lijun , Li Yizhi , Wu Jiafang , Zhao LingLing , Zhong Jianxin
Published: January 2020

Based on ab initio calculations and the Wannier-based tight-binding method, we studied the topological electronic properties and strain modulation of transition metal monochalcogenides (TMM) Mo2XY (X, Y = S, Se, Te, X ≠ Y).
Engineering hydrogel nanoparticles to enhance transdermal local anaesthetic delivery in human eyelid skin
Authors: Ozkahraman Bengi , Emeriewen Krisztina , Saleh George M. , Thanh Nguyen Thi Kim
Published: January 2020

Nano-enabled local anaesthetic delivery was achieved using FDA-approved materials with remarkably high loading capacity.
Theoretical exploration of the forces governing the interaction between gold–phthalocyanine and gold surface clusters
Authors: Castro-Latorre Pablo , Miranda-Rojas Sebastián , Mendizabal Fernando
Published: January 2020

Here we aim to explore the nature of the forces governing the adsorption of gold–phthalocyanine on gold substrates.
Oxidative removal of stabilized landfill leachate by Fenton's process: process modeling, optimization & analysis of degraded products
Authors: Jegan Durai N. , Gopalakrishna G. V. T. , Padmanaban V. C. , Selvaraju N.
Published: January 2020

In this study, the stabilized landfill leachate which has a BOD : COD ratio of 0.045 was treated using Fenton's process.
Hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived sorbitol over La-promoted Ni/ZrO2 catalysts
Authors: Cai Chiliu , Wang Haiyong , Xin Haosheng , Zhu Changhui , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xinghua , Wang Chenguang , Liu Qiying , Ma Longlong
Published: January 2020

Ni/La2O3/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by a step-by-step impregnation method through regulation of the contents of the active component and alkali.
Hiding extra-framework cations in zeolites L and Y by internal ion exchange and its effect on CO2 adsorption
Authors: Lozinska Magdalena M. , Miller David N. , Brandani Stefano , Wright Paul A.
Published: January 2020

La-exchange of zeolites by combined aqueous and solid-state cation exchange enables control of their CO2 adsorption isotherm shape.
Luminescent solar concentrators based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence dyes
Authors: Mateen Fahad , Lee Sae Youn , Hong Sung-Kyu
Published: January 2020

This study firstly presents TADF dyes based LSC device. Charge transfer characteristics and twisted structures of TADF dyes help to achieve near-zero reabsorption losses. Thus, ηopt and ηPCE of champion device are 10.4% and 2.2% respectively.
A lipophilic AIEgen for lipid droplet imaging and evaluation of the efficacy of HIF-1 targeting drugs
Authors: Shi Xiujuan , Sung Simon H. P. , Lee Michelle M. S. , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Sung Herman H. Y. , Liu Haixiang , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Liu Bin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2020

A lipid-droplet-specific AIEgen was used to evaluate the inhibitory efficacy of HIF-1-targeting drugs by assessing lipid-droplet levels.
Correction: Removal of fluoride ions using a polypyrrole magnetic nanocomposite influenced by a rotating magnetic field
Authors: Aigbe Uyiosa Osagie , Onyancha Robert Birundu , Ukhurebor Kingsley Eghonghon , Obodo Kingsley Onyebuchi
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘Removal of fluoride ions using a polypyrrole magnetic nanocomposite influenced by a rotating magnetic field’ by Uyiosa Osagie Aigbe et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 595–609.
KISS1/KISS1R and Breast Cancer: Metastasis Promoter
Authors: Guzman Stephania , Brackstone Muriel , Wondisford Frederic , Babwah Andy V. , Bhattacharya Moshmi
Published: January 2020

Kisspeptins (KPs), peptide products of the kisspeptin-1 (KISS1) gene, are the endogenous ligands for the KISS1 receptor, KISS1R, which is a G protein-coupled receptor. In many human tumors, KISS1 functions as a metastasis-suppressor gene and KISS1/KISS1R signaling has antimetastatic and tumor-suppressor roles. On the contrary, emerging evidence indicates that the KP/KISS1R pathway plays detrimental roles in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most difficult type of breast cancer to treat. TNBC patients initially respond to chemotherapy, but tumors acquire drug resistance and many patients relapse and die of metastases within a few years. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the understanding of the mechanisms by which KP/KISS1R signaling plays an adverse role in TNBC. This includes focusing on how KISS1R signaling regulates the cell cytoskeleton to induce tumor invadopodia formation and how KISS1R communicates with growth factor receptors such as the epidermal growth factor receptor, the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL, and transforming growth factor-β to promote cell invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance.
Bilateral communication between musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve - a case report
Authors: V. Dhanalakshmi , B. Santhi , K. Suba Ananthi
Published: January 2020

During routine dissection of an adult male cadaver, we observed bilateral communication between musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve. The level of origin of the communicating branch from musculocutaneous nerve was different in both arms. In left arm it arose before piercing coracobrachialis and in the right arm after piercing it. It is important to be aware of this variation while planning a surgery in the region of arm, as these nerves are more liable to be injured during operations. Any compression over the communicating branch may give rise to varying patterns of weakness that may impose difficulty in diagnosis for the neurologists.
Caterpillar hump of right hepatic artery: incidence and surgical significance
Authors: Jansirani Devi , Mugunthan N , Phalgunan Vijisha , S. Shiva deep
Published: January 2020

Background and aims : The right hepatic artery occasionally forms a sinuous tortuousity called as caterpillar hump or Moynihan's hump, which occupies the major portion of Calot's triangle. Due to this variation, inadvertent injury to right hepatic artery may occur during surgical procedures. The aim of the study is to find out the incidence of Caterpillar hump of right hepatic artery in cadavers and to correlate with surgical significance. Materials and methods : Sixty cadavers allotted for the purpose of teaching undergraduate students from the period of 2006 to 2011 were used for this study. Branches of coeliac trunk were traced and right hepatic artery was observed for the presence of caterpillar hump. Results : Caterpillar hump was noted in three out of 60 cadavers (5%). Out of three specimens with caterpillar hump, right hepatic artery passed posterior to common hepatic duct in two specimens and anterior to it in one specimen. The presence of dual loops of right hepatic artery was noted in two specimens and single loop was observed in one specimen. Conclusion: The presence of this variant course of right hepatic artery may lead to the formation of short cystic artery. Thereby, right hepatic artery can be mistaken for cystic artery and may be injured during surgical procedures. The knowledge of caterpillar hump of right hepatic artery is essential for the surgeons to avoid the risk of ischemic necrosis of right lobe of liver.
Popliteal cyst - a case report
Authors: VK Sathidevi , UR Rahul , Aipe Arun K
Published: January 2020

The authors report a case of popliteal cyst which was detected during the routine dissection of a cadaver in Anatomy Department, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala. The cyst was identified in the right popliteal fossa in a female cadaver arising from the interior of knee joint. It measured 6 cm in length and 3 cm in width. Thick synovial membrane was forming the cyst wall. On deep dissection it was found communicating directly with the synovial lining of knee joint.
Pseudocyst of the auricle : management options
Authors: Bage Atul M , Bage Nutan N , D. Anand Karthikeyan ,   Vijayasundararn
Published: January 2020

Background & Aims : Pseudocyst of auricle otherwise called as auricular seroma is a cystic swelling filled with serous fluid. It occurs spontaneously or following surgery or trauma. Successful treatment of seromas remain a challenge because this disease has a high propensity for recurrence. The aim was to study the role of triamcinolone in reducing recurrence of pseudocyst of the auricle. Materials and methods : A total of 50 patients with pseudocyst of auricle were randomized into two groups. They were followed up to a year for recurrence. The technique of intra-lesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide after aspirating the fluid was followed in one group as against aspiration and tight bandaging in another group. Results : Out of seroma patients who underwent aspiration and bandaging, 90.91 % had recurrence as against only 25.64% recurrence in patients who underwent aspiration and Inj. Triamcinolone infiltration. Out of seroma patients who underwent aspiration and bandaging 54.55% had recurrence within 1 month of initial treatment and 27 .27% of them had a second recurrence within 3 months. Conclusion : Intralesional injection of triamcinolone is a promising treatment option for management of auricular seroma. It prevents the recurrence also.
Agenesis of isthmus of thyroid gland - a case report
Authors: M. Lakshmi Kantha B , V. Jayanthi ,   Shailajashetty
Published: January 2020

A wide range of morphological varieties and developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland have been reported in literature such as hypoplasia, ectopic thyroid, hemi agenesis and agenesis. Out of these the incidence of agenesis of the isthmus of thyroid gland is rare and very few cases have been reported. During routine dissection of the male cadaver, agenesis of isthmus of thyroid gland in the midline was noted. It resulted in two lateral lobes and the arteries supplying the gland were confined only to the respective lobe with absence of anastomosis. Agenesis of Isthmus of thyroid has clinical, phylogenetic and surgical significance.
Study of variations of the anterior cerebral artery in human brain
Authors: Saikia Bishwajeet , Talukdar Kunjalal , Sarma Joydev , Sarma Amitav , Madaan Sandeep
Published: January 2020

Background and aims: Stroke, the most frequent expression of cerebrovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death and disability throughout the world. The manifestations are largely accounted by the anatomical distribution of the stems and branches of the circle of Willis supplying the brain. Considerable individual variation exists in the pattern and caliber of the individual vessels forming the circle of Willis, which may possibly impair the collateral blood flow. The knowledge of these variations thus, becomes essential for medical as well as surgical interventions. There may possibly be some regional variations in the cerebral arteries not mentioned in standard available texts. Thus, the regional based study of variations present becomes essential. The present study aims to focus on the variation of one of such branches, the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in the population of Assam, India. Material and Methods: The ACAs of 70 human cadaveric brains were examined by gross dissection in the department of Anatomy and Forensic medicine in Gauhati Medical College. Results: Hypoplastic A-1 segment were found in 7% cases, Hypoplastic A-2 segment in 2.85% cases, Buttonhole formation in 8.57% cases and aneurysmal dilatation in 1.42% cases. The results were compared with that of other authors and variations noted. Conclusion: The present study of ACA using gross dissection is an initial step in providing a reference to the healthcare professionals in the region of Assam. Based on this further studies using newer imaging methods should be carried out to correlate the manifestations clinically.
Whitening Dentifrices Effect on Enamel with Orthodontic Braces after Simulated Brushing
Authors: Torres Vivian Santos , Lima Max José Pimenta , Valdrighi Heloísa Cristina , Campos Elisângela de Jesus , Santamaria-Jr Milton
Published: January 2020

Objective This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effects of whitening dentifrices on enamel color, the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and adhesive remnant index (ARI).

Materials and Methods Eighty bovine teeth with brackets were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20): control group (GC)–water, test group 1 (GT1)–Colgate Total 12, test group 2 (GT2)–Curaprox Black Is White, and group test 3 (GT3)–Luminous White. All groups were submitted to brushing, simulating 12 months. The specimens were exposed to spectrophotometer color evaluation and to a shear strength test in a universal test machine using a 300 kN load with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The ARI was evaluated with a stereoscopic magnifying glass.

Statistical Analysis Nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s tests were used for the color analysis, and Friedman and Nemenyi tests were used to compare the times in the variable. To compare the shear force between the groups, the data were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test, and ARI was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test, always with a significance level of 5%.

Results In the color analysis, GT3 presented the greatest progression in whitening effect. GT1 had greater shear strength than GT3 did (p ≤ 0.05). For ARI, the score 1 was predominant in the GC and GT1. The GT2 and GT3 groups had scores of 3.

Conclusion The whitening dentifrices promoted significant color change over the 12-month brushing time and may have interfered in the resistance to shear bond strength and ARI.
Magnetic properties of MBE grown Mn4N on MgO, SiC, GaN and
Al2O3 substrates
Authors: Zhang Zexuan , Cho Yongjin , Singhal Jashan , Li Xiang , Dang Phillip , Lee Hyunjea , Casamento Joseph , Tang Yongjian , Xing Huili Grace , Jena Debdeep
Published: January 2020

Mn4N is a compound magnetic material that can be grown using MBE while exhibiting several desirable magnetic properties such as strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, low saturation magnetization, large domain size, and record high domain wall velocities. In addition to its potential for spintronic applications exploiting spin orbit torque with epitaxial topological insulator/ferromagnet bilayers, the possibility of integrating Mn4N seamlessly with the wide bandgap semiconductors GaN and SiC provides a pathway to merge logic, memory and communication components. We report a comparative study of MBE grown Mn4N thin films on four crystalline substrates: cubic MgO, and hexagonal GaN, SiC and sapphire. Under similar growth conditions, the Mn4N film is found to grow single crystalline on MgO and SiC, polycrystalline on GaN, and amorphous on sapphire. The magnetic properties vary on the substrates and correlate to the structural properties. Interestingly, the field dependent anomalous Hall resistance of Mn4N on GaN shows different behavior from other substrates such as a flipped sign of the anomalous Hall resistance.
Adsorption simulation of open-ended single-walled carbon nanotubes for various gases
Authors: Hong Lin , Gao Dameng , Wang Jiren , Zheng Dan
Published: January 2020

In order to study the adsorption capacity of open-ended single-walled carbon nanotubes for various gases, the grand canonical Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the adsorption capacities of methane, nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide in different types of open-ended single-walled carbon nanotubes at temperatures of 273.15 K and 298.15 K and pressures of 1 Pa–101.325 kPa. Gas adsorption isotherms under various conditions were obtained. The effects of temperature and diameter of open-ended single-walled carbon nanotubes on gas adsorption capacity were discussed. The results showed that the open-ended single-walled carbon nanotubes had a certain adsorption capacity for five kinds of gases under low pressure conditions. For a given temperature, as the diameter of the tube increased, the adsorption capacities of various gases were enhanced. Each gas exhibited different growth gradients; specifically, the growth gradients of methane and nitrogen were relatively small, while the growth gradients of water, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide were relatively large. With an increase in the temperature, the adsorption capacities of CH4, N2, H2O, and CO2 exhibited a downward trend, while the adsorption capacity of CO was not affected by temperature, keeping a stable value. The open-ended single-walled carbon nanotube with a diameter of 10.85 Å exhibited a high adsorption capacity for CO, and it could be used as a porous material for storing or separating CO.
Birational automorphisms of Severi-Brauer surfaces
Authors: Shramov C. A.
Published: January 2020

We prove that a finite group acting by birational automorphisms of a nontrivial Severi-Brauer surface over a field of characteristic zero contains a normal abelian subgroup of index at most

. Also, we find an explicit bound for the orders of such finite groups in the case when the base field contains all roots of

.

Bibliography: 25 titles.
A uniform data set for determining outcomes in allied health primary contact services in Australia
Authors: Moretto Nicole , Stute Michelle , Sam Sonia , Bhagwat Marita , Raymer Maree , Buttrum Peter , Banks Merrilyn , Comans Tracy A.
Published: January 2020

The project aim was to develop and implement a set of metrics to capture and demonstrate the performance of newly established allied health primary contact services. Selection of the metrics and performance indicators was guided by an existing state-wide data collection system and from a review of the published literature. The metrics were refined after consultation with a working group of health service managers and clinicians. The data collection and reporting framework were developed for use in allied health primary contact services and implemented at public health facilities in Queensland, Australia. The set of metrics consists of 18 process and outcome measures. Patient-reported metrics include the global rating of change scale and patient satisfaction. Service metrics include wait times; referral source; triage category; diagnosis; occasions of service; referrals and investigations initiated; effects; care duration; discharge status; waitlist reinstatement reasons; treatment non-completion reasons; and expedited care. Safety, patient demographics and service improvement metrics were included. The metrics will enable analysis of the effectiveness of allied health primary contact services and will facilitate reporting, advocacy, service improvement, service continuity and research. The metrics are suitable for use by all providers of allied health primary contact services in hospital and primary care settings.
Developmental vulnerability of Australian school-entry children with hearing loss
Authors: Simpson Andrea , Šarkic Bojana , Enticott Joanne C. , Richardson Zoe , Buck Kimberly
Published: January 2020

National data from the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) was used to describe the sociodemographic and developmental characteristics of a cohort of Australian children entering their first year of primary school in 2012. Results, together with sociodemographic variables were reported for two groups: children with and without reported hearing loss. Data on 285232 children were analysed, with just over 1% of these children identified with hearing loss. Logistic regression analysis found that children with reported hearing loss had over double the odds than their hearing peers of being developmentally ‘vulnerable’ on one or more domains of the AEDC. Covariates of interest included Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander heritage, as well as high rates of school absenteeism. Retrospective longitudinal research linking developmental outcomes with intervention efforts, such as newborn hearing screening, would be beneficial in future research.