bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of different biofloc starters on ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite concentrations in the cultured tilapia Oreochromis niloticus system
Authors: Putra Iskandar , Effendi Irwan , Lukistyowati Iesje , Tang Usman M. , Fauzi Muhammad , Suharman Indra , Muchlisin Zainal A.
Published: May 2020

Background: High stocking density and intensive feeding in aquaculture systems lead to the accumulation of organic waste, which results in an increase in ammonia, nitrite, and nitrite concentrations in culture media. Biofloc is a potential technology to overcome this problem. The starter is a crucial carbon source for bacteria in the formation of biofloc. The objective of the present study aimed to explore the best starter of biofloc in a red tilapia Oreochromis niloticus culture system.

Methods: A completely randomized design with four levels of treatment was used in this study. The tested starter was (A) control treatment, biofloc without starter, (B) biofloc with molasses starter, (C) biofloc with tapioca starter, and (D) biofloc with sucrose starter. The floc was cultured in 100-L tanks with a salinity of 17 ppt. The tanks were stocked with O. niloticus with a size of 3.71±0.11 cm at a stocking density of 30 fish per tank. The fish were fed on a commercial diet two times a day at satiation for 40 days. The ammonia, nitrite, and nitrite concentrations were measured for an interval of 8 days.

Results: The study showed that the NH3-N range was 0.02–0.07 mg L−1 (mean, 0.03 ± 0.02 mg L−1), NO2-N range was 0.20–0.43 mg L−1 (mean, 0.25 ± 0.12 mg L−1), and NO3-N range was 0.90–3.20 mg L−1 (mean, 1.42 ± 1.19 mg L−1).

Conclusion: Among the starters tested, molasses was found to be the best for biofloc in tilapia culture.
Access to treatment in prison: an inventory of medication preparation and dispensing approaches
Authors: Tran Nguyen Toan , Pralong Dominique , Secrétan Anne-Dominique , Renaud Audrey , Mary Gérard , Nicholas Arnaud , Mouton Elisabeth , Rubio Clémence , Dubost Célestine , Meach Francesco , Bréchet-Bachmann Anne-Claire , Wolff Hans
Published: May 2020

The preparation and dispensing of medication in prisons or jails are critical for individuals to access their treatment. This process is resource-intensive for healthcare professionals and may violate principles of confidentiality, autonomy, respect, and dignity if non-qualified staff are involved. However, there are no published best practices on the topic. This report aims to bridge this gap by presenting the results of a mapping exercise on different models of medication preparation and dispensing. Authors call upon healthcare professionals to enrich this live document to inform health services research further and improve access to prescribed medications for people experiencing incarceration.
Protocol for systematic review of ethical declarations made in clinical publications concerning COVID-19
Authors: O'Sullivan Lydia , Killeen Ronan P. , Doran Peter , Crowley Rachel K.
Published: May 2020

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus, designated SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for a global pandemic in 2020. Public interest in this disease has led to the publication of thousands of articles in the medical literature in a very short timeframe. It is imperative that medical research into COVID-19 is conducted quickly and safely, and that due reference is given to the ethical considerations enshrined in the ICH GCP guidelines, according to the Declaration of Helsinki.

In order to review the reporting of ethical considerations in these papers, we hereby propose a protocol for a systematic review of COVID-19 papers up to April 14th 2020. The search criteria proposed for the review are based upon what would be a reasonable search conducted by a lay member of the public with access to PubMed.gov. It is proposed to publish the findings of the review with a summary of the institutional Research Ethics Committee response to the challenges of reviewing and approving clinical research proposals in the time of a pandemic.
Effectiveness of a personalized health profile on specificity of self-management goals among people living with HIV in Canada: a protocol for a blinded pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mozafarinia Maryam , Rajabiyazdi Fateme , Brouillette Marie-Josée , Fellows Lesley , Knäuper Bärbel , Mayo Nancy E.
Published: May 2020

Background: Goal setting is a crucial element in self-management of chronic diseases. Personalized outcome feedback is needed for goal setting, a requirement for behavior change. This study contributes to the understanding of the specificity of patient-formulated self-management goals by testing the effectiveness of a personalized health outcome profile.

Objective: To estimate among people living with HIV, to what extent providing feedback on their health outcomes, compared to no feedback, will affect number and specificity of patient-formulated self-management goals.

Methods: A personalized health outcome profile has been produced for individuals enrolled in a Canadian HIV Brain Health Now cohort study at cohort entry and at the last recorded visit. Participants will be randomized to receive or not “My Personal Brain Health Dashboard” prior to a goal setting exercise. Self-defined goals in free text will be collected through an online platform. Intervention and control groups will receive instructions on goal setting and tips to improve brain health. A total of 420 participants are needed to detect a rate ratio (number of specific words/numbers of person-goals, intervention:control) of 1.5. Text mining techniques will be used to quantify goal specificity based on word matches with a goal-setting lexicon.

The expectation is that the intervention group will set more goals and have more words matching the developed lexical than the control group. The total number of words per person-goals will be calculated for each group and Poisson regression will be used to estimate the rate ratio and 95% confidence intervals and compare rate ratios between men and women using an interaction term.

Conclusions: This study will contribute to growing evidence for the value of person-reported health outcomes in tailoring interventions, and will provide a thorough understanding of the quality of person-defined goals using text mining.

Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT04175795, registered on 25th November 2019.
ПРОГРАММНЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС СКВОЗНОЙ АВТОМАТИЗАЦИИ ИМИТАЦИОННОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ БИЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕССОВ
Authors: Tyulpinova Nina Vladimirovna
Published: May 2020

Компьютерное моделирование в современных условиях становится основным инструментом повышения эффективности бизнес-процессов благодаря его способности имитировать поведение реальных систем. Результативность такого моделирования зависит не только от структуры компьютерной модели – не менее важным является планирование, проведение и обработка имитационных экспериментов, так как отсутствие научно обоснованной программы вычислительного эксперимента может привести к получению некорректных результатов моделирования, расходящихся с реальностью. Однако, разработчики программного обеспечения для бизнес-симуляции не уделяют должного вниманию этому вопросу: обзор функциональных возможностей инструментальных средств, ориентированных на моделирование, имитацию и анализ бизнес-процессов, показывает, что в настоящее время отсутствуют прикладные программные пакеты, реализующие сквозную автоматизацию цикла «планирование – симуляция – обработка результатов».Цель – разработка программного обеспечения, автоматизирующего и интегрирующего все этапы цикла имитационного моделирования бизнес-процессов.Метод или методология проведения работы: математическая теория планирования экспериментов.Результаты: программный комплекс и алгоритм проведения бизнес-симуляции в автоматическом режиме.Область применения результатов: менеджмент (финансовый, стратегический, антикризисный, инвестиционный, инновационный, риск-менеджмент).
ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ В УСЛОВИЯХ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ СТАНДАРТОВ: ДОКУМЕНТАЦИОННОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ
Authors: Danilova Al’bina Sergeevna , Kutuzova Anastasiya Valer’evna
Published: May 2020

В данной статье анализируется вопрос модернизации системы управления персоналом в условиях внедрения профессиональных стандартов в разрезе вопроса документационного обеспечения, которое является фундаментом эффективного принятия решения в разрезе всех видов деятельности предприятия, в том числе и подсистеме «Персонал»; рассматриваются вопросы взаимодействия системы управления персоналом и системы профессиональных стандартов, через призму двух подходов основанных, на стандарте специалиста по управлению персоналом, путем выделение конкретной обобщающей функции, так и на общей действующей системе профстандартов, готовых к внедрению в деятельность организаций.Цель работы: определение и описание подходов к трансформации документационного обеспечения в условиях внедрения профессиональных стандартов, влияющих на эффективное функционирование системы управления персоналом.Метод или методология проведения работы: методическую основу составили системный, обобщённый, аналитический и сравнительный подходы.Результаты: в статье раскрыты основные подходы, трансформации документационного обеспечения, влияющих н эффективное функционирование системы управления персоналом в условиях внедрения профессиональных стандартов и предложен ряд рекомендаций, обеспечивающих планирования организационного развития с учетом внедрения необходимых изменений.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно учитывать при внедрении профессиональных стандартов в деятельность организаций любого типа, а также при формировании направлений кадровой стратегии.
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО МАРКЕТИНГА
Authors: Krylova Tatyana Valentinovna , Seliverstova Yulia Alexandrovna , Berdnikova Anastasia Igorevna , Morozov Denis Leonidovich
Published: May 2020

В современных экономических условиях конкурентоспособный потенциал предприятия во многом зависит от инноваций. Приоритетным направлением развития современных российских предприятий является активное использование маркетингового подхода в процессе организации их деятельности. Инновационный маркетинг является эффективным и мощным средством развития современного управления.Целью данного исследования является разработка рекомендаций по повышению конкурентоспособности предприятия на основе внедрения приемов инновационного маркетинга.Метод или методология проведения работы: в процессе осуществления исследования использовались системный метод, общенаучные методы, эмпирического наблюдения, а также экономико-статистического анализа.Результаты: в данном исследовании подробно рассмотрена сущность и особенности организации инновационной маркетинговой деятельности, предложены конкретные приемы инновационного маркетинга, направленные на повышение конкурентоспособности предприятия, занимающегося установкой пластиковых окон.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты исследования помогут руководству предприятия повысить конкурентоспособность организации за счет внедрения инструментов инновационного маркетинга.
Eye-Tracking-Based Classification of Information Search Behavior Using Machine Learning: Evidence from Experiments in Physical Shops and Virtual Reality Shopping Environments
Authors: Pfeiffer Jella , Pfeiffer Thies , Meißner Martin , Weiß Elisa
Published: May 2020

How can we tailor assistance systems, such as recommender systems or decision support systems, to consumers’ individual shopping motives? How can companies unobtrusively identify shopping motives without explicit user input? We demonstrate that eye movement data allow building reliable prediction models for identifying goal-directed and exploratory shopping motives. Our approach is validated in a real supermarket and in an immersive virtual reality supermarket. Several managerial implications of using gaze-based classification of information search behavior are discussed: First, the advent of virtual shopping environments makes using our approach straightforward as eye movement data are readily available in next-generation virtual reality devices. Virtual environments can be adapted to individual needs once shopping motives are identified and can be used to generate more emotionally engaging customer experiences. Second, identifying exploratory behavior offers opportunities for marketers to adapt marketing communication and interaction processes. Personalizing the shopping experience and profiling customers’ needs based on eye movement data promises to further increase conversion rates and customer satisfaction. Third, eye movement-based recommender systems do not need to interrupt consumers and thus do not take away attention from the purchase process. Finally, our paper outlines the technological basis of our approach and discusses the practical relevance of individual predictors.
How Transparency into Internal and External Responsibility Initiatives Influences Consumer Choice
Authors: Buell Ryan W. , Kalkanci Basak
Published: May 2020

Amid growing calls for transparency and social and environmental responsibility, companies are employing different strategies to improve consumer perceptions of their brands. Some pursue internal initiatives that reduce their negative social or environmental impacts through responsible operations practices (such as paying a living wage to workers or engaging in environmentally sustainable manufacturing). Others pursue external responsibility initiatives (such as philanthropy or cause-related marketing). Through two experiments conducted in the field and complementary online experiments, we compare how transparency into these internal and external initiatives affects customer perceptions and sales. We find that transparency into both internal and external responsibility initiatives tends to dominate generic brand marketing in motivating consumer purchases, supporting the view that consumers take companies’ responsibility efforts into account in their decision making. Furthermore, the results provide converging evidence that transparency into a company’s internal responsibility practices can be at least as motivating of consumer sales as transparency into its external responsibility initiatives, incrementally increasing a consumer’s probability of purchase by 6.40% and 45.85% across our two field experiments, conducted in social and environmental domains, respectively. Our results suggest that it may be in the interest of both business and society for managers to prioritize internal responsible operations initiatives to achieve both top- and bottom-line benefits while mitigating social and environmental harms.

This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
Robust Stochastic Optimization Made Easy with RSOME
Authors: Chen Zhi , Sim Melvyn , Xiong Peng
Published: May 2020

We present a new distributionally robust optimization model called robust stochastic optimization (RSO), which unifies both scenario-tree-based stochastic linear optimization and distributionally robust optimization in a practicable framework that can be solved using the state-of-the-art commercial optimization solvers. We also develop a new algebraic modeling package, Robust Stochastic Optimization Made Easy (RSOME), to facilitate the implementation of RSO models. The model of uncertainty incorporates both discrete and continuous random variables, typically assumed in scenario-tree-based stochastic linear optimization and distributionally robust optimization, respectively. To address the nonanticipativity of recourse decisions, we introduce the event-wise recourse adaptations, which integrate the scenario-tree adaptation originating from stochastic linear optimization and the affine adaptation popularized in distributionally robust optimization. Our proposed event-wise ambiguity set is rich enough to capture traditional statistic-based ambiguity sets with convex generalized moments, mixture distribution, φ-divergence, Wasserstein (Kantorovich-Rubinstein) metric, and also inspire machine-learning-based ones using techniques such as K-means clustering and classification and regression trees. Several interesting RSO models, including optimizing over the Hurwicz criterion and two-stage problems over Wasserstein ambiguity sets, are provided.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, optimization.
Arte como trabalho criador: produção de significados de pessoas com deficiência intelectual
Authors: Rossetto Tania Regina , Mori Nerli Nonato Ribeiro
Published: May 2020

Este estudo apresenta como tema a produção de significados na educação de pessoas com deficiência intelectual. Como objetivos: discorrer sobre a constituição do ser social pelo trabalho, considerando a superação do trabalho alienado pelo trabalho criador; abordar a arte como uma das formas de apropriação da realidade, como fonte de humanização constante; destacar a educação na perspectiva inclusão/exclusão; evidenciar a produção artística de pessoas com deficiência intelectual; identificar a apropriação de conceitos pela ação teórica e prática no decorrer do processo de criação artística. A metodologia apresenta delineamento bibliográfico e de abordagem prática. O resultado evidencia as contribuições da arte como trabalho criador na educação de pessoas com deficiência intelectual.
“E os bebês?”: quando os bebês interrogam a nossa docência
Authors: Silva Marta Regina Paulo da
Published: May 2020

Quem são os bebês? Essa e tantas outras perguntas instigaram o trabalho realizado com os bebês em três creches municipais. Trata-se de um projeto vinculado ao PIBID - Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência. Nele foram organizados diferentes contextos educativos no intuito não apenas de instigar a curiosidade, fantasia, imaginação e inventividade dos bebês, potencializando suas experiências, mas, também, instigar a própria curiosidade dos(as) estudantes, educadores(as) e pesquisadores(as) acerca dos bebês e suas produções culturais. Como resultado foi possível repensar à docência com os bebês tendo-os como interlocutores privilegiados na construção de uma prática pedagógica dialógica, o que exigiu dos(as) adultos(as) silenciarem-se para então escutá-los e com eles também aprender.
Contos e encantos infantis ribeirinhosamazônidos no cotidiano escolar
Authors: De Souza Edilma , Castrillon Maldonado Maritza Maciel
Published: May 2020

Ziguezagueando entre as feituras infantis ribeirinhasamazônidas compomos esse texto. Assumimos o compromisso em narrar as singularidades de crianças que fogem de interpretações e itinerários pré-fixados, pois em nosso encontro, nos detemos em suas operações astuciosas e clandestinas pouco observadas no mundo tomado pelo capitalismo. Na esteira da filosofia da diferença, vimos produzindo diferenciações aos modos de pesquisar com as crianças e as infâncias. Para tanto, produzimos nosso trajeto investigativo por intermédio da cartografia deleuziana na busca das vivências e das narrativas infantis. Nessa investidura, às margens de um rio em meio a floresta amazônica, encontramos as narrativas de experiências singulares que subvertem a lógica de sentido de um lugar para as crianças e as infâncias na escola.
Políticas educacionais na Amazônia: a questão "indígena" no ensino superior
Authors: Soares Lucas De Vasconcelos , Colares Maria Lília Imbiriba Sousa , Ferreira Maria Antonia Vidal
Published: May 2020

O artigo visa analisar as políticas de acesso e permanência de estudantes indígenas no Ensino Superior na região amazônica do Brasil, contrapondo tal realidade com os procedimentos históricos adotados pelos órgãos governamentais em torno da efetividade desta premissa na educação. As análises realizadas se constituem de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, contemplando conquistas para os povos indígenas no Brasil, como a Lei Nº 12.711/2012 que incorpora o Sistema de Cotas nas universidades públicas (BRASIL, 2012). Dos resultados obtidos, é possível verificar que, houve significativos avanços das políticas educacionais em prol da inserção indígena no ensino superior, bem como estas contribuíram na ampliação do direito a diversidade entre os povos, refletidas em legislações posteriores, como a Lei Nº 11.645/2008. Contudo, apesar da recente presença no ensino superior, a questão indígena, atualmente, passa por rupturas, consolidando-se como um direito público. Na Amazônia, as experiências contempladas indicam um sentido positivo, porém, necessário de atenção com financiamento, mediante um cenário de crise educacional no país.
Dilemas na implantação da educação superior pública em uma IFES na Amazônia
Authors: De Sousa Francisca Márcia Lima , Colares Anselmo Alencar
Published: May 2020

Os desafios educacionais para a efetivação da educação escolar são diversificados e exigem esforço coletivo para serem compreendidos. Esse estudo trata de alguns dos dilemas que estiveram presentes no processo de implantação do curso de pedagogia em Santarém, cidade localizada no interior da Amazônia brasileira. Traz uma abordagem histórica das primeiras ações da Universidade Federal do Pará – UFPA, durante a década de 1970, fora da capital, onde havia sido implantada ainda na década de 1950. Contextualizando as ações extensionistas e de ensino daquela Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior (IFES) relativas à formação de professores, como um dos mais instigantes desafios na/da região de atuação da UFPA. O curso de pedagogia foi uma espécie de desbravador da interiorização do ensino superior público em Santarém e em outros locais da Região. E no caso do município objeto desse estudo, representa o mais importante precedente histórico da criação da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, a primeira instituição de ensino superior federal criada fora de uma das capitais da Amazônia.Palavras-chave: educação superior; formação de professores; história da educação; Amazônia.
A20 of nucleus pulposus cells plays a self-protection role via the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in the inflammatory microenvironment
Authors: Peng Xin , Zhang Cong , Bao Jun-Ping , Zhu Lei , Shi Rui , Xie Zhi-Yang , Wang Feng , Wang Kun , Wu Xiao-tao
Published: May 2020

Aims

Inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological process of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). A20 (also known as tumour necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3)) is a ubiquitin-editing enzyme that restricts nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling. A20 prevents the occurrence of multiple inflammatory diseases. However, the role of A20 in the initiation of IDD has not been elucidated. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of A20 in senescence of TNF alpha (TNF-α)-induced nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs).

Methods

Immunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the expression of A20 in normal and degenerated human intervertebral discs. The NPCs were dissected from the tail vertebrae of healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats and were cultured in the incubator. In the experiment, TNF-α was used to mimic the inflammatory environment of IDD. The cell viability and senescence were examined to investigate the effect of A20 on TNF-α-treated NPCs. The expression of messenger RNA (mRNA)-encoding proteins related to matrix macromolecules (collagen II, aggrecan) and senescence markers (p53, p16). Additionally, NF-κB/p65 activity of NPCs was detected within different test compounds.

Results

The expression of A20 was upregulated in degenerate human intervertebral discs. The A20 levels of NPCs in TNF-α inflammatory microenvironments were dramatically higher than those of the control group. TNF-α significantly decreased cell proliferation potency but increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, the expression of senescence-associated proteins, the synthesis of extracellular matrix, and G1 cycle arrest. The senescence indicators and NF-κB/p65 expression of A20 downregulated group treated with TNF-α were significantly upregulated compared to TNF-α-treated normal NPCs.

Conclusion

A20 has a self-protective effect on the senescence of NPCs induced by TNF-α. The downregulation of A20 in NPCs exacerbated the senescence of NPCs induced by TNF-α. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(5):225–235.
Dynamically tunable coherent perfect absorption based on bulk Dirac semimetal
Authors: Zhou Ting , Fang Panpan , Ban Shihao , Li Yong , Meng Haiyu , Zhai Xiang , Li Hongjian , Wang Lingling
Published: May 2020

Coherent perfect absorption (CPA) is realized in metasurfaces composed of crossed vertical bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS) stripes and

S
i
O

2

. Under the illumination of two counter-propagating coherent beams, the coherent absorption is continuously controlled from almost 0 (approximately

6.2

×

10

−
5

) to 99.97% by changing the beams’ relative phase, which gives a modulation depth of about

1.6

×

10

4

. Furthermore, the coherent absorption can be controlled substantially by varying the relative intensity, the Fermi energy of BDS, and the structural parameters of the metasurfaces. Further research shows that the metasurface has broadband angular selectivity: CPA frequency splits into TE and TM polarization bands under oblique incidence. Our results provide an effective way to manipulate the interaction of light and BDS, and there may be potential applications in coherent detectors and optical modulators.
Optical isolation enabled by two time-modulated point perturbations in a ring resonator
Authors: Zarif Arezoo , Mehrany Khashayar , Memarian Mohammad , Heydarian Hesam
Published: May 2020

In this paper we achieve non-reciprocity in a silicon optical ring resonator, by introducing two small time-modulated perturbations into the ring. Isolators are designed using this time-perturbed ring, side-coupled to waveguides. The underlying operation of the time-modulated ring and isolator is analyzed using Temporal Coupled Mode Theory (TCMT). The TCMT is used to find the angular distance, phase difference and thickness of the two time-modulated points on the ring resonator and also to find and justify the optimum values for the modulation frequency and amplitude, which yields maximum isolation in the isolator arrangements. Insight into the major players that determine isolation are also presented, with the aid of TCMT. Our proposed structure is much simpler to implement compared to other ring-based optical isolators, as it does not require spatio-temporal modulation, or large regions with modulation, but only two point perturbations on the ring. All results are obtained using realistic values of modulation and validated using an in-house full-wave solver. We achieve 21 dB isolation and −0.25 dB insertion loss at the telecommunication wavelengths.
Reconfigurable polymer-templated liquid crystal holographic gratings via visible-light recording
Authors: Luo Wei-Cheng , Xu Yao-Dong , Yu Guan-Xiong , Li Sen-Sen , Li Han-Ying , Chen Lu-Jian
Published: May 2020

Polymer-templated nematic liquid crystal (LC) holographic gratings via visible-light recording are presented in the presence of reactive mesogens (RMs) and rose bengal (RB)/N-phenylglycine (NPG) photoinitiation systems. By optimizing the concentration of RMs in the polymer-templated LC gratings, the template after being washed out can be refilled with suitable fluidic components. And the dependence of the first-order diffraction efficiency (DE) on the concentration of RB and NPG molecules was discussed in detail. The polarization-dependency of diffraction properties was also investigated. It is revealed that the diffractive behaviors of polymer-templated LC gratings can be dynamically reconfigured by varying temperature or refilling organic solutions with different refractive index (RI). Furthermore, the potential for recording holograms using green light is explored. We expect that the reconfigurable polymer-templated LC gratings fabricated via visible-light interference would provide a facile approach to regulate the diffraction properties of holographic gratings apart from electric field, thus paving a way towards a class of novel anti-counterfeiting devices.
Fast self-assembly of macroscopic blue phase 3D photonic crystals
Authors: Otón Eva , Morawiak Przemysław , Gaładyk Katarzyna , Otón José M. , Piecek Wiktor
Published: May 2020

Blue phase (BP) liquid crystals are materials with unique self-assembling properties. They can be regarded as 3D photonic crystals as they organize in 3D cubic structures with sub-micrometer range periodicity and display selective optical bandgaps. Yet, the obtained BP crystals are usually polycrystalline or micrometer-sized monocrystals. Producing large BP monocrystals has proven to be a challenging and time-consuming endeavor, due to BP crystal growth being notoriously slow and the complex requirements for achieving a reasonable size and monocrystalline structure. In this work we successfully obtained large BP monocrystals (single lattice orientation) by fast self-assembly. Our fabrication process, which is about 100× faster than in previous reported research, uses relatively simple techniques, therefore demonstrating a considerable improvement towards the manufacturing of 3D photonic crystals.
Simplified design of optical elements for filled-aperture coherent beam combination
Authors: Aleshire Christopher , Steinkopff Albrecht , Jauregui Cesar , Klenke Arno , Tünnermann Andreas , Limpert Jens
Published: May 2020

A simplification strategy for segmented mirror splitters (SMS) used as beam combiners is presented. These devices are useful for compact beam division and the combination of linear and 2-D arrays. However, the standard design requires unique thin-film coating sections for each input beam; thus, potential for scaling to high beam-counts is limited due to manufacturing complexity. Taking advantage of the relative insensitivity of the beam combination process to amplitude variations, numerical techniques are used to optimize highly simplified designs with only one, two or three unique coatings. It is demonstrated that with correctly chosen coating reflectivities, the simplified optics are capable of high combination efficiency for several tens of beams. The performance of these optics as beam splitters in multicore fiber amplifier systems is analyzed, and inhomogeneous power distribution of the simplified designs is noted as a potential source of combining loss in such systems. These simplified designs may facilitate further scaling of filled-aperture coherently combined systems in linear array or 2-D array formats.
Stability mechanism of picosecond supercontinuum in YAG
Authors: Špaček Alexandr , Indra Lukáš , Batysta František , Hříbek Petr , Green Jonathan T. , Novák Jakub , Antipenkov Roman , Bakule Pavel , Rus Bedřich
Published: May 2020

Stable picosecond supercontinuum generated in long crystals is an excellent means of seeding broadband, high-energy CPA systems. The generated output energy and spectrum can be almost three times as stable as the pump for a wide range of input pulse parameters. In this work, we show this is an intrinsic property for crystals longer than the filament and for a range of input energy values. We present a description of the stability mechanism in both the visible and infrared regions together with experimental data that support the theoretical explanation.
Random sources generating hollow array beams
Authors: Xu Jia , Pan Keming , Zhao Daomu
Published: May 2020

A novel class of partially coherent light sources that can yield stable optical lattice termed hollow array in the far field is introduced. The array dimension, the distance of hollow lobes intensity profile, the size and shape of the inner and outer lobe contours and other features can be flexibly controlled by altering the source parameters. Further, every lobe can be shaped with polar and Cartesian symmetry and even combined to form nested structures. The applications of the work are envisioned in material surface processing and particle trapping.
Single-shot laser-scattering technique refined for the real-time monitoring and sizing of individual nanoparticles and nanobubbles in bulk water
Authors: Ando Kota , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Nakajima Takashi
Published: May 2020

Understanding the growth dynamics and transport mechanism of nanoparticles/nanobubbles in a solution is an important issue in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Using a standard CMOS camera and a nanosecond laser at 532 nm, we demonstrate the far-field detection of polystyrene nanoparticles in bulk water. Conveniently, the sizes of individual nanoparticles are found to be reliably estimated from the brightness of scattering signals under the single laser pulses. Since the scattering efficiency of polystyrene nanoparticles is similar to that of nanobubbles, our results imply that the detection of nanobubbles in bulk solution is also possible.
Broadband polarization-dependent coding metasurface for reflection manipulation
Authors: Han Jiangfeng , Cao Xiangyu , Gao Jun , Wei Jun , Li Sijia , Yang Huanhuan
Published: May 2020

In this paper, a method for broadband polarization-dependent coding metasurface design is proposed. Single-polarized unit cells are employed due to their single-polarized phase manipulation with little effect on cross-polarized phase in broadband. The equivalent circuit of these unit cells is developed to analyze the mechanism. Because of single-polarized phase manipulation, coding metasurfaces for different polarizations can be designed separately. The polarization-dependent coding metasurface can be obtained by simply combining them into a sharing aperture. Simulated and measured results prove that our method offers a simple and effective strategy for broadband polarization-dependent metasurface design.
Chip-based self-referencing using integrated lithium niobate waveguides
Authors: Okawachi Yoshitomo , Yu Mengjie , Desiatov Boris , Kim Bok Young , Hansson Tobias , Lončar Marko , Gaeta Alexander L.
Published: May 2020

The measurement and stabilization of the carrier–envelope offset frequencyfCEOvia self-referencing is paramount for optical frequency comb generation, which has revolutionized precision frequency metrology, spectroscopy, and optical clocks. Over the past decade, the development of chip-scale platforms has enabled compact integrated waveguides for supercontinuum generation. However, there is a critical need for an on-chip self-referencing system that is adaptive to different pump wavelengths, requires low pulse energy, and does not require complicated processing. Here, we demonstrate efficientfCEOstabilization of a modelocked laser with only 107 pJ of pulse energy via self-referencing in an integrated lithium niobate waveguide. We realize anf-2finterferometer through second-harmonic generation and subsequent supercontinuum generation in a single dispersion-engineered waveguide with a stabilization performance equivalent to a conventional off-chip module. ThefCEObeatnote is measured over a pump wavelength range of 70 nm. We theoretically investigate our system using a single nonlinear envelope equation with contributions from both second- and third-order nonlinearities. Our modeling reveals rich ultrabroadband nonlinear dynamics and confirms that the initial second-harmonic generation followed by supercontinuum generation with the remaining pump is responsible for the generation of a strongfCEOsignal as compared to a traditionalf-2finterferometer. Our technology provides a highly simplified system that is robust, low in cost, and adaptable for precision metrology for use outside a research laboratory.
Filosofia do Corpo e Inventário da Dor
Authors: Umbelino Luís António
Published: May 2020

Um aspeto fundamental do modo de ser da nossa corporeidade complexa, sugerido na primeira parte deste trabalho pelo alinhamento da experiência do amputado com a experiência do luto, permaneceu aí implícito e não enfrentado, sendo agora o momento de o retomar: trata-‑se de saber que papel desempenha o corpo na própria origem da relação intersubjetiva -‑ ou, se quisermos, como pode contribuir para resolver o “problema da existência de outras mentes”. Voltando ao horizonte do projeto fenomenológico merleau-‑pontyano, a nossa questão de fundo será agora a de investigar em que medida é ainda através do modo de ser do corpo que a palavra “Eu” se pode “colocar no plural”.
Filosofia, Psicologia e Psiquiatria
Authors: Caldeira Rui Gabriel Da Silva
Published: May 2020

Partindo de definições de Filosofia, Psicologia e Psiquiatria procura-‑se mostrar que na Antropologia de Hegel há a) a resolução do dualismo clássico corpo/mente, b) uma resposta ao problema dos universais, c) uma filosofia da corporalidade que compreende um inconsciente pulsional que – sui generis do pensamento de Hegel – através do trabalho dialético da razão é integrado na estrutura da psique. Finalmente, d) partindo da liberdade dialético-‑especulativa imanente ao Espírito e das investigações contemporâneas comprova-‑se a irredutibilidade da vida da consciência, e a Loucura, ao modelo mecanicista bio-‑psicofarmacológico que caracteriza o essencial da Psicanálise e da Psiquiatria.
Effect of Liquid Media Composition on Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity from Aspergillus elegans SweF9
Authors: Mulyani Hani , Dewi Rizna Triana , Filailla Euis , Artanti Nina
Published: May 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of liquid media composition on the inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase from endophytic fungus Aspergillus elegans SweF9 isolated from seaweed (Macroalgae Euchema sp). Fermentation was carried out in three types of liquid media, namely: potato dextrose broth (PDB), potato malt peptone (PMP), and Czapek-dox broth (CDB), which was incubated for 10 days at room temperature, with static conditions. Ethyl acetate solvents were used to extract active metabolites from fungal biomass and filtrate from each media. Antidiabetic activity was measured based on inhibition of enzyme α-glucosidase. The results showed that filtrate extract of A. elegans SweF9 which was cultured on the media PDB showed highest inhibitor activity to the α-glucosidase enzyme with an IC50 value of 1.74 µg / mL compared to other extracts. Based on these results, the PDB media is an appropriate medium for culturing A. elegans SweF9  to produces secondary metabolites that can be used as a new source of antidiabetic agents.
As competências básicas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de línguas: um estudo pautado no domínio comunicativo-digital
Authors: Coelho Iandra Maria Weirich da Silva
Published: May 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma investigação teórica, com o objetivo de identificar as competências básicas a serem adquiridas e desenvolvidas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de línguas, especialmente em contextos virtuais. O estudo em questão, de natureza bibliográfica, evidencia uma discussão e reflexões sobre a temática competências e a representatividade do domínio comunicativo-digital na produção e compartilhamento de informações, na modalidade escrita e oral. Os resultados evidenciam três competências básicas: interação por meio das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação, criação de conteúdos digitais e compartilhamento de conteúdos na língua-alvo.
Divulgación científica en educación en Venezuela: ¿hegemonía o resistencia?
Authors: Puente Chacón Daniel José , Melo Marlene Rios
Published: May 2020

Los artículos publicados en la Revista EDUCERE  por  Rivas (2010a, 2010b, 2011a, 2011b, 2012, 2013, 2016a, 2016b, 2017) representan una continua manifestación de discusiones sobre las implicaciones que se experimentan al editar y publicar revistas cualificadas en educación. Como un acercamiento al tema se propuso comprender el papel ejercido por las discusiones presentadas en los artículos (Rivas, 2010a – 2017), a través de la identificación e interpretación de fenómenos emergentes. La propuesta estuvo orientada a relacionar las realidades, en oportunidades negadas, sobre el hacer divulgativo en educación en Venezuela. La Metodología utilizada fue Análisis Textual Discursiva, la cual permitió la creación de categorías que contribuyeron a la continuidad del debate presentado en los artículos recolectados y a la estructuración del presente artículo. La crisis en Venezuela es una realidad, y las revistas en educación la están viviendo en carne propia, su vulnerabilidad por ser consideradas un 'gasto suntuario' las coloca de últimas en la fila de aspectos de interés nacional. Aunque todo indica que las revistas de divulgación científica en educación son un medio de propagación de conocimiento, otras perspectivas son brevemente discutidas en esta investigación.
Entomologia na escola: o que os estudantes pensam sobre os insetos e como utilizá-los como recurso didático?
Authors: Sousa-Lopes Bruno de , Alves da Silva Nayane
Published: May 2020

Por serem diversificados em formas e cores, e também por possuírem variados modos de vida, os insetos representam um relevante recurso didático para trabalhar com habilidades artísticas, conceitos, atitudes e valores no ensino de Ciências. Contudo, há relativamente poucos relatos de experiência com evidências da importância deles como recurso didático. Neste contexto, os principais objetivos deste relato foram descrever e analisar: (1) as percepções de estudantes do sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública de Uberlândia-MG quanto aos insetos; e (2) uma sequência didática em que os insetos são utilizados para trabalhar conceitos, habilidades artísticas, atitudes e valores, como o respeito à vida. Em 2018 foram aplicados e analisados, em uma perspectiva quali-quantitativa, 47 questionários com cinco questões sobre os insetos. Depois, foi desenvolvida uma sequência didática envolvendo leitura com uso de dicionário, pesquisa, aula expositiva dialogada, momento musical e confecção de desenhos. De maneira geral, os questionários evidenciaram que a maior parte dos estudantes foi capaz de reconhecer pelo menos um tipo de inseto, embora soubessem pouco sobre sua importância científica e ecológica. Notou-se também, pelos relatos, participação, avaliação dos estudantes e comportamento deles para com os insetos, que a sequência didática foi útil para trabalhar as diferentes competências acima mencionadas, o que sugere que o uso dos insetos junto com variados tipos de estratégias pode estimular os estudantes a se interessarem e participarem ativamente das aulas. Portanto, os insetos representaram um excelente recurso didático para trabalhar conteúdos conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais no ensino de Ciências.
Violência contra pessoas com deficiência: um estudo de caso
Authors: Mendes Marlon Jose Gavlik , Schroeder Tânia Maria Rechia , Denari Fátima Elisabeth
Published: May 2020

A vida das pessoas com deficiência é marcada por situações adversas, como barreiras físicas, comunicacionais e atitudinais. Esse grupo também sofre de situações violentas em seu cotidiano, como agressões físicas e verbais. Na produção científica atual se notam poucas pesquisas que investigam o discurso da própria pessoa vítima de violência, fato esse que, de um lado, pode caracterizar desconhecimento das situações vividas por essas pessoas e, por outro, pode resultar em um descrédito em relação ao discurso das pessoas com deficiência. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar as violências vividas por pessoas com deficiência por meio de um estudo de caso de um jovem com deficiência física. A pesquisa realizada foi descritiva e de natureza qualitativa, utilizando-se do referencial teórico da Sociologia da Deficiência, da Violência e do Estigma. Foi realizada entrevista a partir de um roteiro semiestruturado de questões, sendo utilizada a Sociologia Compreensiva como ferramenta de análise dos dados. Os resultados mostraram que xingamentos e exclusões fazem parte do cotidiano do jovem com deficiência, ações tais que podem, legalmente, ser tidas como bullying. O jovem vive diversos conflitos no ambiente escolar, tendo alguns desses conflitos resolvidos a partir da mediação de profissionais. A violência contra as pessoas com deficiência é um fenômeno dinâmico e recorrente, são necessários programas de prevenção e de intervenção no ambiente escolar, além de outras pesquisas sobre a temática que focalizem a perspectiva da vítima.
Construção do direito da criança pequena à educação no Brasil: história a partir do estado
Authors: Perea Nayane Moreno , Ramos Géssica Priscila
Published: May 2020

Este artigo discorre sobre os caminhos da construção do direito à educação da criança pequena no Brasil, tendo como referência a atuação do Estado nesse processo. Com base em análise bibliográfica, verificou a predominância de três períodos centrais nessa história, sendo: o de um Estado ausente, que legou a educação da criança a iniciativas familiares, particulares, comunitárias, religiosas e caritativas; o de um Estado conservador, que atuou na área notadamente a partir de ações normativas e de fiscalização de instituições privadas, para tutela e controle da infância, sob um viés assistencial, higienista e de prestação de favor à sociedade; e o de um Estado em disputa, que aprovou as principais legislações e documentos voltados ao reconhecimento do direito da criança pequena à educação e ao fortalecimento da educação infantil, não obstante a manutenção de políticas: para o atendimento informal dos mais pobres e a baixo custo público; de focalização do ensino fundamental, em detrimento da educação infantil; de desvalorização das creches dentro da educação infantil; etc. Conclui, assim, que o quadro legal herdado a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente de 1990 e da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação de 1996 ainda é a principal conquista e ferramenta que se tem na área para fortalecer a luta contra retrocessos na história de construção do direito da criança pequena à educação no Brasil.
Prática formativa no ensino superior na perspectiva da Fenomenologia Sociológica: narrativa de estudantes
Authors: Gomes Silvia Janaina Silveira , Crusoé Nilma Margarida de Castro
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar resultado de pesquisa sobre sentidos de prática formativa no contexto do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). Como método de pesquisa adotou-se a Fenomenologia Sociológica que permitiu, entre outros aspectos, compreender a dimensão simbólica da prática formativa para cada um dos estudantes. Um dos princípios desse método consiste na perspectiva de que os sentidos nascem da relação com o outro trazendo à tona a ideia de intersubjetividade configurando, assim, uma Fenomenologia das relações sociais. Para acessar os sentidos produzidos no mundo da vida, no encontro da consciência com o mundo, no caso especifico desta pesquisa, no contexto da prática formativa, foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada com cinco estudantes de licenciaturas diversas, convidados a suspender o fluxo da vida para pensar sobre sua formação docente. Os sentidos revelados neste estudo se aproximam na preocupação com a aprendizagem do estudante tendo o professor como principal condutor desse processo como, também, o estudante e seu modo de aprender. Aparecem, também, sentidos a respeito das dificuldades que cada aluno apresenta na aplicação do conhecimento e chama à atenção para a relação entre conhecimento e realidade. Sentidos sobre a relação professor-estudante revelam preocupação com  a dimensão profissional e humana, bem como a autoridade do conhecimento do professor, em sala de aula, com os estudantes.