bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of graphene on morphology, microstructure and transcriptomic profiling of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. roots
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Cao Huifen , Wang Haiyan , Zhang Runxuan , Jia Haikuan , Huang Jingting , Zhao Jianguo , Yao Jianzhong
Published: July 2021

Graphene has shown great potential for improving growth of many plants, but its effect on woody plants remains essentially unstudied. In this work, Pinus tabuliformis Carr. bare-rooted seedlings grown outdoors in pots were irrigated with a graphene solution over a concentration range of 0–50 mg/L for six months. Graphene was found to stimulate root growth, with a maximal effect at 25 mg/L. We then investigated root microstructure and carried out transcript profiling of root materials treated with 0 and 25 mg/L graphene. Graphene treatment resulted in plasma-wall separation and destruction of membrane integrity in root cells. More than 50 thousand of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by RNA sequencing, among which 6477 could be annotated using other plant databases. The GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of the annotated DEGs indicated that abiotic stress responses, which resemble salt stress, were induced by graphene treatment in roots, while responses to biotic stimuli were inhibited. Numerous metabolic processes and hormone signal transduction pathways were altered by the treatment. The growth promotion effects of graphene may be mediated by encouraging proline synthesis, and suppression of the expression of the auxin response gene SMALL AUXIN UP-REGULATED RNA 41 (SAUR41), PYL genes which encode ABA receptors, and GSK3 homologs.
Differential contributions of implicit and explicit learning mechanisms to various contextual cues in dual adaptation
Authors: Ayala Maria N. , Henriques Denise Y. P.
Published: July 2021

The ability to switch between different visuomotor maps accurately and efficiently is an invaluable feature to a flexible and adaptive human motor system. This can be examined in dual adaptation paradigms where the motor system is challenged to perform under randomly switching, opposing perturbations. Typically, dual adaptation doesn’t proceed unless each mapping is trained in association with a predictive cue. To investigate this, we first explored whether dual adaptation occurs under a variety of contextual cues including active follow-through movements, passive follow-through movements, active lead-in movements, and static visual cues. In the second experiment, we provided one group with a compensatory strategy about the perturbations (30° CW and 30° CCW rotations) and their relationships to each context (static visual cues). We found that active, but not passive, movement cues elicited dual adaptation. Expectedly, we didn’t find evidence for dual adaptation using static visual cues, but those in the Instruction group compensated by implementing aiming strategies. Then, across all experimental conditions, we explored the extent by which dual learning is supported by both implicit and explicit mechanisms, regardless of whether they elicited dual adaptation across all the various cues. To this end, following perturbed training, participants from all experiments were asked to either use or ignore the strategy as they reached without visual feedback. This Process Dissociation Procedure teased apart the implicit and explicit contributions to dual adaptation. Critically, we didn’t find evidence for implicit learning for those given instructions, suggesting that when explicit aiming strategies are implemented in dual adaptation, implicit mechanisms are likely not involved. Thus, by implementing conscious strategies, dual adaptation can be easily facilitated even in cases where learning would not occur otherwise.
Seroprevalence of Yellow fever, Chikungunya, and Zika virus at a community level in the Gambella Region, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Asebe Getahun , Michlmayr Daniela , Mamo Gezahegne , Abegaz Woldaregay Erku , Endale Adugna , Medhin Girmay , Larrick James W. , Legesse Mengistu
Published: July 2021

Yellow fever (YF), Chikungunya (CHIK), and Zika(ZIK) are among re-emerging arboviral diseases of major public health concern. Despite the proximity of the Gambella Region to South Sudan where arboviral cases have been recorded repeatedly the current epidemiological situation is unclear in this part of southwest Ethiopia. Therefore, we conducted a community-based seroprevalence survey of YF virus (YFV), CHIK virus (CHIKV), and ZIK virus (ZIKV) infections in two selected districts. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two locations of the Gambella region (Lare and Itang) to investigate the seroprevalence of these viruses’ infections. Blood samples were collected from the study participants and screened for IgG antibodies specific to YFV and CHIKV infections using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). For the detection of ZIKV specific IgG antibodies, Blockade-of-binding ELISA was used. Data were analyzed using the STATA version 13.1 Softwares. A total of 150 individuals (96 males and 54 females, age ranging from 18 to 65 years, mean age ± SD = 35.92 ± 10.99) participated and provided blood samples. Among the 150 samples 135, 90, and 150 were screened for YFV, CHIKV, and ZIKV, respectively. Hence, 2.9% (95% CI: 1.1–7.7%), 15.6% (95% CI: 9.3–24.8%), and 27.3% (95% CI: 20.7–35.3%) of samples tested positive for IgG antibodies to YFV, CHIKV, and ZIKV infections, respectively. Among the individual seropositive for ZIKV, YFV and CHIKV, only six, one and three had a history of residence outside the Gambella region respectively. Agro-pastoral occupation was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of IgG against CHIKV (AOR = 14.17; 95%CI: 2.30, 87.30) and residency in the Lare district (AOR = 11; 95%CI: 3.31, 39.81) was found to be significantly associated with a higher prevalence of IgG against ZIKV. Our findings revealed the occurrence of YFV, CHIKV and ZIKV infections in the study locations.
Sex- and age-specific reference intervals for diagnostic ratios reflecting relative activity of steroidogenic enzymes and pathways in adults
Authors: Rousson Valentin , Ackermann Daniel , Ponte Belen , Pruijm Menno , Guessous Idris , d’Uscio Claudia H. , Ehret Georg , Escher Geneviève , Pechère-Bertschi Antoinette , Groessl Michael , Martin Pierre-Yves , Burnier Michel , Dick Bernhard , Bochud Murielle , Vogt Bruno , Dhayat Nasser A.
Published: July 2021

Objective

Diagnostic ratios calculated from urinary steroid hormone metabolites are used as a measure for the relative activity of steroidogenic enzymes or pathways in the clinical investigation of steroid metabolism disorders. However, population-based sex- and age-specific reference intervals and day-night differences in adults are lacking.

Methods

Sixty-five diagnostic ratios were calculated from steroid metabolites measured by GC-MS in day- and night-time and in 24-hour urine from 1128 adults recruited within the Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH), a population-based, multicenter cohort study. Differences related to sex, age and day- and night-time were evaluated and reference curves in function of age and sex were modelled by multivariable linear mixed regression for diagnostic ratios and were compared to values from the literature.

Results

Most ratios had sex- and age-specific relationships. For each ratio, percentiles were plotted in function of age and sex in order to create reference curves and sex- and age-specific reference intervals derived from 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were obtained. Most ratios reflected a higher enzyme activity during the day compared to the night.

Conclusions

Sex- and age-specific references for 24 hours, day and night urine steroid metabolite ratios may help distinguishing between health and disease when investigating human disorders affecting steroid synthesis and metabolism. The day-night differences observed for most of the diagnostic ratios suggest a circadian rhythm for enzymes involved in human steroid hormones metabolism.
Gemcitabine-induced Gli-dependent activation of hedgehog pathway resists to the treatment of urothelial carcinoma cells
Authors: Chang Yu-Hao , Tam Hoi-Lam , Lu Meng-Chien , Huang Huei-Sheng
Published: July 2021

Patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) experience gemcitabine resistance is a critical issue. The role of hedgehog pathway in the problem was explored. The expressions of phospho-AKTser473, phospho-GSK3βser9 and Gli2 were up-regulated in gemcitabine-resistant NTUB1 (NGR) cells. Without hedgehog ligands, Gli proteins can be phosphorylated by GSK3β kinase to inhibit their downstream regulations. Furthermore, the GSK3β kinase can be phosphorylated by AKT at its Ser9 residue to become an inactive kinase. Therefore, overexpression of AKT1, Flag-GSKS9D (constitutively inactive form) or active Gli2 (GLI2ΔN) in NTUB1 cells could activate Gli2 pathway to enhance migration/invasion ability and increase gemcitabine resistance, respectively. Conversely, overexpression of Flag-GSKS9A (constitutively active form) or knockdown of Gli2 could suppress Gli2 pathway, and then reduce gemcitabine resistance in NGR cells. Therefore, we suggest gemcitabine-activated AKT/GSK3β pathway can elicit Gli2 activity, which leads to enhanced migration/invasion ability and resistance to gemcitabine therapy in UC patients. The non-canonical hedgehog pathway should be evaluated in the therapy to benefit UC patients.
Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia
Authors: Bhandary Shashank Kishore , Dhakal Rohit , Sanghavi Vishwa , Verkicharla Pavan Kumar
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Considering that time spent outdoors is protective for myopia, we investigated how ambient light levels reaching the eye varies across 9 outdoor and 4 indoor locations in 5 different environmental conditions.

Methods

Illuminance (lux) was recorded using a lux meter under conditions of weather (sunny/cloudy), time of a day (7:00,10:00,13:00, and 16:00 hours), seasons (summer/winter), and sun protection (hat and cap) in outdoor and indoor locations. Nine outdoor locations were “open playground”, “under a translucent artificial-shade”, “under a porch facing east”, “under a porch facing south”, “under a big tree”, “between three buildings”, “within 4 buildings”, and “canopy”. As a ninth outdoor location, “Under a glass bowl” in the outdoor location was used as a simulation for “glass classroom model” and measurement was taken at the floor level only to determine in overall the illuminance conditions with glass covered on all sides. The 4 indoor locations included “room with multiple large windows”, “room with combination light source”, “room with multiple artificial lights”, and “room with single artificial light”.

Results

The overall median illuminance level (median; Q1-Q3) recorded in 9 outdoor locations was 8 times higher than that of all indoor locations (1175;197–5400 lux vs. 179;50–333 lux). Highest illuminance in outdoor locations was recorded in “open playground” (9300;4100–16825 lux), followed by “under a translucent artificial shade (8180;4200–13300 lux) and the lowest in “within 4 buildings” (11;6–20 lux). Illuminance under ‘Canopy’, ‘between three buildings’ and ‘within four buildings’ was similar to that of indoor locations (<1000 lux). Time of the day, weather, season, sensor position and using sun protection did not alter illuminance to change from high to low level (>1000 to <1000 lux). Among indoor locations, illuminance in “room with multiple large windows” crossed 1000 lux at a specific time points on both sunny and cloudy days.

Conclusions

Illuminance levels in outdoors and indoors varied with location type, but not with other conditions. Given the variation in illuminance in different locations, and the impact it may have on myopia control, appropriate detailed recommendations seems necessary while suggesting time outdoors as an anti-myopia strategy to ensure desired outcomes.
Radiocapitellar incongruity of the radial head in magnetic resonance imaging correlates with pathologic changes of the lateral elbow stabilizers in lateral epicondylitis
Authors: Kim Yeun Soo , Kim Sung Taeck , Lee Kyoung Hwan , Ahn Joong Mo , Gong Hyun Sik
Published: July 2021

Objective

Post-traumatic posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) can be shown as radiocapitellar incongruity or posterior translation (PT) of the radial head in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aimed to evaluate whether PT correlated with pathologic changes of lateral elbow stabilizers in patients with lateral epicondylitis.

Materials and methods

In MRIs of 160 patients with lateral epicondylitis, we measured PT of the radial head in the sagittal images. We qualitatively graded five lesions of the lateral elbow structures that included common extensor tendon (CET) lesion (grade 1–3), lateral collateral ligament complex (LCLC) insufficiency (grade 0–2), and absence or presence of bone marrow signal change, osteochondral lesion, and calcification. We analyzed whether the PT correlated with pathologic changes of the lateral elbow stabilizers and evaluated the diagnostic value of the PT for severe lesions.

Results

The average PT was 1.9 mm. The PT correlated with both the CET lesion (p < 0.001) and LCLC insufficiency (p < 0.001). The optimal cutoff values of the PT for grade 3 CET lesion and grade 2 LCLC lesion were 2.6 and 2.8 mm, respectively. When potential PLRI was defined as the PT of > 3.4mm as suggested for post-traumatic PLRI, 21 patients had potential PLRI. The positive predictive values of the PT > 3.4mm were 76% for grade 3 CET lesions and 67% for grade 2 LCLC insufficiency.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that PT of the radial head correlates with pathological changes of the lateral elbow stabilizers. As radiocapitellar incongruity is easy to measure quantitatively, it can be used for screening potential PLRI in patients with lateral epicondylitis.
Converting from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment to the Mini-Mental State Examination-2
Authors: Yang Hwabeen , Yim Daehyuk , Park Moon Ho
Published: July 2021

Objective

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination-2 (MMSE-2) are useful psychometric tests for cognitive screening. Many clinicians want to predict the MMSE-2 score based on the MoCA score. To facilitate the transition from the MoCA to the MMSE-2, this study developed a conversion method.

Methods

This study retrospectively examined the relationship between the MoCA and MMSE-2. Overall, 303 participants were evaluated. We produced a conversion table using the equipercentile equating method with log-linear smoothing. Then, we evaluated the reliability and accuracy of this algorithm to convert the MoCA to the MMSE-2.

Results

MoCA scores were converted to MMSE-2 scores according to a conversion table that achieved a reliability of 0.961 (intraclass correlation). The accuracy of this algorithm was 84.5% within 3 points difference from the raw score.

Conclusions

This study reports a reliable and easy conversion algorithm for transforming MoCA scores into converted MMSE-2 scores. This method will greatly enhance the utility of existing cognitive data in clinical and research settings.
Association of blood pressure after peritoneal dialysis initiation with the decline rate of residual kidney function in newly-initiated peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Kuroki Yusuke , Hori Kei , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Matsuo Dai , Mitsuiki Koji , Hirakata Hideki , Nakano Toshiaki , Kitazono Takanari
Published: July 2021

Background

Lower blood pressure (BP) levels are linked to a slower decline of kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) without kidney replacement therapy. However, there are limited data on this relation in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Here we evaluated the association of BP levels with the decline of residual kidney function (RKF) in a retrospective cohort study.

Methods

We enrolled 228 patients whose PD was initiated between 1998 and 2014. RKF was measured as the average of creatinine and urea clearance in 24-hr urine collections. We calculated the annual decline rate of RKF by determining the regression line for individual patients. RKF is thought to decline exponentially, and thus we also calculated the annual decline rate of logarithmic scale of RKF (log RKF). We categorized the patients’ BP levels at 3 months after PD initiation (BP3M) into four groups (Optimal, Normal & High normal, Grade 1 hypertension, Grade 2 & 3 hypertension) according to the 2018 European Society of Cardiology and European Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension.

Results

The unadjusted, age- and sex-adjusted, and multivariable-adjusted decline rate of RKF and log RKF decreased significantly with higher BP3M levels (P for trend <0.01). Compared to those of the Optimal group, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the faster side of the median decline rate of RKF and log RKF were 4.04 (1.24–13.2) and 5.50 (1.58–19.2) in the Grade 2 and 3 hypertension group, respectively (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Higher BP levels after PD initiation are associated with a faster decline in RKF among PD patients.
In-vivo impact of common cosmetic preservative systems in full formulation on the skin microbiome
Authors: Murphy Barry , Hoptroff Michael , Arnold David , Eccles Richard , Campbell-Lee Stuart
Published: July 2021

Preservatives play an essentially role in ensuring that cosmetic formulations remain safe for use via control of microbial contamination. Commonly used preservatives include organic acids, alcohols and phenols and these play an essential role in controlling the growth of bacteria, fungi and moulds in substrates that can potentially act as a rich food source for microbial contaminants. Whilst the activity of these compounds is clear, bothin vitroand in formulation, little information exists on the potential impact that common preservative systems, in full formulation, have on the skin’s resident microbiome. Dysbiosis of the skin’s microbiome has been associated with a number of cosmetic conditions but there currently are noin vivostudies investigating the potential for preservative ingredients, when included in personal care formulations under normal use conditions, to impact the cutaneous microbiome. Here we present an analysis of fourin vivostudies that examine the impact of different preservation systems in full formulation, in different products formats, with varying durations of application. This work demonstrates that despite the antimicrobial efficacy of the preservativesin vitro, the skin microbiome is not impacted by preservative containing productsin vivo.
NNC 26-9100 increases Aβ1-42 phagocytosis, inhibits nitric oxide production and decreases calcium in BV2 microglia cells
Authors: Schober Joseph , Polina Jahnavi , Walters Field , Scott Nathan , Lodholz Eric , Crider Albert , Sandoval Karin , Witt Ken
Published: July 2021

Microglia are the resident immune cell of the brain involved in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Modulation of microglia activity represents a potential mechanism for treating AD. Herein, the compound NNC 26–9100 (NNC) was evaluated in toxicity, nitric oxide release, Aβ1–42 uptake and cytosolic calcium assays during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated conditions using mouse BV2 microglia cells. After 24 hours, LPS increased cell toxicity in the alamar blue and lactate dehydrogenase assays, increased nitrite release, and increase cytoplasmic calcium. Addition of NNC decreased the LPS-induce lactate dehydrogenase release, had no effect in the alamar blue assay, decreased nitrite release and decreased cytosolic calcium. In the absence of LPS, NNC increased uptake of FITC-tagged Aβ1–42. These data demonstrate that NNC treatment decreases nitrosative stress and microglia cell damage during LPS-induced activation and enhances phagocytosis of Aβ1–42 during non-inflammatory conditions. Thus, NNC 26–9100 may have beneficial effects in AD and in inflammatory diseases of the brain through enhancement of microglial Aβ clearance, and cell protective effects through prevention of elevated cytosolic calcium and inhibition of nitric oxide release.
Novel strategy for wide-range wind vector measurement using the hybrid CP/CTD heating mode and sequential measuring and correcting
Authors: Wang Tian , Shi Yunbo , Yu Xiaoyu , Lan Guangdong , Liu Congning
Published: July 2021

To improve the performance of wind sensors in the high velocity range, this paper proposes a wind measurement strategy for thermal wind velocity sensors that combines the constant power and constant temperature difference driving modes of the heating element. Based on the airflow distribution characteristics from fluid dynamics, sequential measurement and correction is proposed as a method of measuring wind direction. In addition, a wind velocity and direction measurement instrument was developed using the above-mentioned approaches. The test results showed that the proposed instrument can obtain large dynamic wind velocity measurements from 0 to 60 m/s. The wind velocity measurement accuracy was ±0.5 m/s in the common velocity range of 0–20 m/s and ±1 m/s in the high velocity range of 20–60 m/s. The wind direction accuracy was ±3° throughout the 360° range. The proposed approaches and instrument are not only practical but also capable of meeting the requirements of wide-range and large dynamic wind vector measurement applications.
Thwarting predators? A three-dimensional perspective of morphological alterations in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia
Authors: Horstmann Martin , Tollrian Ralph , Weiss Linda C.
Published: July 2021

Predation is a major selective agent, so that many taxa evolved phenotypically plastic defensive mechanisms. Among them are many species of the microcrustacean genusDaphnia, which respond to an increased predation risk by developing inducible morphological alterations. Some of these features are obvious and easily recognized, e.g., crests inD.longicephala, while others are rather hidden, such as the bulkier shape ofD.magnainduced by the presence of the tadpole shrimpTriops. In this study we investigated the extraordinary diversity of morphological adaptations in the presence of predators with different foraging strategies in six predator-prey systems. For the first time we were able to analyze the unexposed and predator-exposed morphs comprehensively using three-dimensional scanning and reconstruction. We show that morphological changes are manifold in appearance between species and predators, and go beyond what has been known from previous 2D analyses. This further demonstrates the enormous trait flexibility ofDaphnia. Interestingly, we found that among this variety some species share morphological strategies to counter a predator, while others use a different strategy against the same predator. Based on these intra- and interspecific comparisons, we discuss the mechanisms by which the respective defense might operate. These data therefore contribute to a deeper understanding of the inducible defenses’ morphology as well as their diversified modes of operation inDaphnia, being a cornerstone for subsequent investigations, including the determination of costs associated with morphological change.
RANKL expression in chondrocytes and its promotion by lymphotoxin-α in the course of cartilage destruction during rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Takeshita Ayumu , Nishida Keiichiro , Yoshida Aki , Nasu Yoshihisa , Nakahara Ryuichi , Kaneda Daisuke , Ohashi Hideki , Ozaki Toshifumi
Published: July 2021

We investigated the expression and localization of the receptor activator nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in cartilage from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of relevance to cartilage degeneration. We also examined the role of exogenous lymphotoxin (LT)-α on RANKL expression in human chondrocytes and its effect on in vitro osteoclast differentiation. Cartilage and synovial fluid samples were obtained from 45 patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery or joint puncture, including 24 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and 21 patients with RA. RANKL expression in articular cartilage was examined by immunohistochemistry. LT-α concentrations in synovial fluid were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Normal human chondrocytes were stimulated with LT-α, and the relative mRNA levels of RANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG), matrix metalloproteinase-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Soluble RANKL protein in culture media was measured using ELISA, and membrane-bound RANKL protein in cells was examined by western blotting. Co-cultures of human chondrocytes with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with macrophage-colony stimulating factor and LT-α, and osteoclast differentiation was evaluated by staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. LT-α concentrations were higher in RA synovial fluid than in OA samples. The population of RANKL-positive chondrocytes of RA cartilage was higher than that of OA cartilage, and correlated with cartilage degeneration. Stimulation of cultured human chondrocytes by LT-α increased RANKL expression, the RANKL/OPG ratio, and angiogenic factors. Membrane-bound RANKL in chondrocytes was up-regulated after stimulation of LT-α, whereas soluble RANKL in culture medium did not increase. Co-cultures of human chondrocytes and PBMCs demonstrated that LT-α stimulated human chondrocytes to produce RANKL and induced osteoclastic differentiation of PBMCs. RANKL produced by chondrocytes may contribute to cartilage destruction during RA and LT-α could promote the expression of RANKL in human chondrocytes.
A phenomenological study on the experiences of patient transfer from the intensive care unit to general wards
Authors: Lee Eun-Young , Park Jin-Hee
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to derive an in-depth understanding of the transfer experience of intensive care unit (ICU) patients in South Korea through a phenomenological analysis.

Methods

Participants were 15 adult patients who were admitted to a medical or surgical ICU at a university hospital for more than 48 hours before being transferred to a general ward. Data were collected three to five days after their transfer to the general ward from January to December 2017 through individual in-depth interviews and were analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological data analysis method, phenomenological reduction, intersubjective reduction, and hermeneutic circle. Data analysis yielded eight themes and four theme clusters related to the unique experiences of domestic ICU patients in the process of transfer to the general ward.

Results

The four main themes of the patients’ transfer experiences were “hope amid despair,” “gratitude for being alive,” “recovery from suffering,” and “seeking a return to normality.”

Conclusion

Our findings expand the realistic and holistic understanding from the patient’s perspective. This study’s findings can contribute to the development of appropriate nursing interventions that can support preparation and adaptation to the transfer of ICU patients.
The multi-functional reovirus σ3 protein is a virulence factor that suppresses stress granule formation and is associated with myocardial injury
Authors: Guo Yingying , Hinchman Meleana M. , Lewandrowski Mercedes , Cross Shaun T. , Sutherland Danica M. , Welsh Olivia L. , Dermody Terence S. , Parker John S. L.
Published: July 2021

The mammalian orthoreovirus double-stranded (ds) RNA-binding protein σ3 is a multifunctional protein that promotes viral protein synthesis and facilitates viral entry and assembly. The dsRNA-binding capacity of σ3 correlates with its capacity to prevent dsRNA-mediated activation of protein kinase R (PKR). However, the effect of σ3 binding to dsRNA during viral infection is largely unknown. To identify functions of σ3 dsRNA-binding activity during reovirus infection, we engineered a panel of thirteen σ3 mutants and screened them for the capacity to bind dsRNA. Six mutants were defective in dsRNA binding, and mutations in these constructs cluster in a putative dsRNA-binding region on the surface of σ3. Two recombinant viruses expressing these σ3 dsRNA-binding mutants, K287T and R296T, display strikingly different phenotypes. In a cell-type dependent manner, K287T, but not R296T, replicates less efficiently than wild-type (WT) virus. In cells in which K287T virus demonstrates a replication deficit, PKR activation occurs and abundant stress granules (SGs) are formed at late times post-infection. In contrast, the R296T virus retains the capacity to suppress activation of PKR and does not mediate formation of SGs at late times post-infection. These findings indicate that σ3 inhibits PKR independently of its capacity to bind dsRNA. In infected mice, K287T produces lower viral titers in the spleen, liver, lungs, and heart relative to WT or R296T. Moreover, mice inoculated with WT or R296T viruses develop myocarditis, whereas those inoculated with K287T do not. Overall, our results indicate that σ3 functions to suppress PKR activation and subsequent SG formation during viral infection and that these functions correlate with virulence in mice.
A Companion to Curation, Brad Buckley and John Conomos (eds), Dana Arnold (series ed.) (2020)
Authors: Sekules Veronica
Published: July 2021

Review of: A Companion to Curation, Brad Buckley and John Conomos (eds), Dana Arnold (series ed.) (2020)

Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 520 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-11920-685-9, h/bk, 53 b/w illustrations, £148.00
‘My thoughts for the call to unite’, Ken Robinson (2020)
Authors: Stokrocki Mary
Published: July 2021

‘My thoughts for the call to unite’, Ken Robinson (2020)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QU4Q17t4muY (YouTube)
Prisme 7, Bright and Game Society (2020)
Occupy White Walls (OWW), StikPixels (2020)
Authors: Wang Li-Yan
Published: July 2021

Prisme 7, Bright and Game Society (2020)

Centre Pompidou, Paris, PEGA3 (Free) https://prisme7.io/

Occupy White Walls (OWW), StikPixels (2020)

(Free) https://www.oww.io/
Elementos para a história da Biblioteca Geral da Universidade de Coimbra
Authors: Ramires Isabel João
Published: July 2021

Este artigo apresenta e transcreve o Relatório da Biblioteca da Universidade de Coimbra do ano académico de 1870/1871, da autoria de Bernardo António Serra de Mirabeau. Procura-se mostrar que o breve e até aqui quase ignorado consulado de Bernardo Serra de Mirabeau na direção da Biblioteca, entre junho de 1871 e maio de 1872, foi um episódio de importância maior, com consequências significativas para a história da Biblioteca da Universidade.
Formación en la sociedad del conocimiento, un programa de doctorado con una perspectiva interdisciplinar
Authors: García Peñalvo Francisco José
Published: July 2021

En el curso 2013-2014 se ha puesto en marcha en la Universidad de Salamanca un nuevo Programa de Doctorado en Formación en la Sociedad del Conocimiento, vinculado al Instituto de Investigación “Instituto Universitario en Ciencias de la Educación (IUCE)” de dicha universidad. Más allá de tratarse de un Programa de Doctorado definido bajo el nuevo Real Decreto 99/2011, lo más destacable es la filosofía con la que se ha definido este programa, completamente interdisciplinar, basada en las líneas de investigación, bastante dispares, de los grupos de investigación que soportan en Programa de Doctorado. Estas líneas y grupos complementan diversos enfoques de la Sociedad del Conocimiento, desde la Ingeniería a la Educación, desde la Medicina a la Robótica, o desde los Medios de Comunicación a la Gestión de la Información, pero siempre compartiendo el aprendizaje y las tecnologías como nexo de unión de las diferentes disciplinas que se ven involucradas.
Understanding mobile learning: devices, pedagogical implications and research lines
Authors: Sánchez Prieto José Carlos , Olmos Migueláñez Susana , García-Peñalvo Francisco José
Published: July 2021

El desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías y el interés en la aplicación de las mismas al proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje han provocado el nacimiento de nuevas metodologías didácticas que pretenden sacar el máximo partido a los dispositivos. Una de las que más fuerza ha cobrado en los últimos años es el mobile learning. Nuestra intención con este artículo es describir las características principales de esta metodología, centrándonos especialmente en las implicaciones pedagógicas que trae consigo y la situación actual de la investigación en este campo, especialmente en España y en Europa.El artículo está dividido en cuatro secciones. En primer lugar, definiremos el concepto de mobile learning y su relación con los ámbitos de enseñanza. En segundo lugar, pasaremos a describir las posibilidades didácticas de los terminales móviles, centrándonos especialmente en los más populares en la actualidad, smartphones y tabletas, que han supuesto un importante avance en este campo. En tercer lugar, profundizaremos en los criterios pedagógicos para el desarrollo de actividades mLearning en los distintos paradigmas y contextos educativos, así como las estrategias de formación del profesorado. Por último, presentaremos las principales líneas de investigación y tendencias actuales y describiremos la situación en los territorios mencionados anteriormente.
Objeto de aprendizaje para la formación docente orientado al desarrollo de competencias de comunicación
Authors: Rodríguez Ramírez Norma Esmeralda , Romero Corella Sandra Irene , Ramírez Montoya María Soledad
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo muestra los resultados y reflexiones obtenidos a través de la investigación que tuvo como objetivo analizar los criterios de calidad de un objeto de aprendizaje abierto encaminado a competencias para saber comunicarse y validar dichos objetos en función de su contenido, estructura pedagógica, y tecnológica, lenguaje gráfico y textual y usabilidad para aportar a la formación de profesores, con el fin de llegar a fundamentar teórica, pedagógica y tecnológicamente un objeto de aprendizaje. Se partió de la interrogante: ¿Cuáles son los criterios de calidad que debe cubrir un objeto de aprendizaje (OA) orientado al desarrollo de competencias para saber comunicarse? Bajo un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo exploratorio, en el estudio se aplicaron cuestionarios electrónicos a 34 docentes de una Universidad Tecnológica y a ocho expertos en competencia comunicativa, pedagogía, tecnología y diseño gráfico. La información indicó que los criterios de calidad de un OA son el manejo efectivo del contenido de la competencia a aprender, la equilibrada composición de su estructura pedagógica, la eficiencia en la estructura tecnológica y el correcto manejo del lenguaje gráfico y textual.
Una nueva aproximación al concepto de educación personalizada y su relación con las TIC
Authors: Calderero Hernández José Fernando , Aguirre Ocaña Ana María , Castellanos Sánchez Almudena , Peris Sirvent Rosa María , Perochena González Paola
Published: July 2021

La concepción de la educación personalizada está hoy extendida en numerosos países y contextos educativos. Este trabajo pretende contribuir a clarificar el concepto, estableciendo una relación con las TIC en la actual Sociedad del Conocimiento y de la Información. Tomando como guía la revisión de diversas fuentes y la reflexión sobre actualización del concepto, se propone que educar es ayudar a cada ser humano a establecer y mantener vínculos valiosos con la realidad. Además, se aportan diversas prospectivas para profundizar en estos y otros aspectos.
Diseño de un aprendizaje adaptado a las necesidades del alumno
Authors: Romero-Mayoral Jesús , García-Domínguez Melchor , Roca-González Cristina , Sanjuán Hernán-pérez Alejandra , Pulido-Alonso Antonio
Published: July 2021

El conocimiento se genera de forma más rápida que nuestra capacidad de absorberlo. Por ello, lo importante es lo que sabemos hacer hoy y de qué seremos capaces de aprender para lo que nos espera mañana. En este artículo se analizan los modelos no presenciales existentes para adaptarlos al diseño de un aprendizaje que se adapte a las necesidades del alumno. Casi todo es realizable con apoyo de tecnología, por ello desarrollamos un modelo que apoyado en la misma permita desarrollar unas clases en las que el alumno pueda pasar, cuando lo estime oportuno, de presencial a virtual y viceversa. Se diferencia del modelo de otros autores que contemplan a un alumno solo presencial o solo virtual. Nuestro modelo da el protagonismo del aprendizaje al alumno, siendo el profesor el coordinador de su actividad y tutor de sus necesidades académicas. Tras tres años de aplicación del modelo, las asignaturas participantes han mejorado la tasa de rendimiento en más del 70% y la tasa de éxito en más del 35%.
La concreción de las políticas educativas de integración de las TIC europeas y españolas en la Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: Sánchez-Antolín Pablo , Paredes Labra Joaquín
Published: July 2021

El artículo realiza un análisis de las políticas educativas sobre TIC en tres niveles, la Unión Europea, España y la región de Madrid. Para ello se ha realizado un vaciado de los documentos marco y la normativa generados por instituciones relacionadas con las TIC y la educación en estos ámbitos. El análisis interniveles permite valorar la coherencia y ausencias más notables de las políticas puestas en marcha. Se han identificado objetivos, acciones y valoración de su ejecución para cada política y las sinergias entre las mismas. Asimismo, se han valorado las implicaciones para el sistema educativo. Entre las conclusiones de esta revisión se observa que las políticas que se sucedieron tuvieron altas miras y escaso sentido práctico, y sus resultados, concretados en la realidad de los centros, han sido modestos, más en la región de Madrid.
Pedagogía de la alteridad: Experiencias en el sistema educativo de las alumnas españolas musulmanas
Authors: Adlbi Sibai Salam
Published: July 2021

Este artículo se enmarca en una investigación más amplia. En ella se estudia la identidad e integración de un grupo de mujeres universitarias españolas que forman parte de la minoría religiosa musulmana. Aquí se exponen las experiencias que estas mujeres han vivido durante su formación académica, con el objetivo de contribuir a la mejora de la práctica pedagógica en lo que atañe a la atención a la diversidad en el aula. En la introducción se explican los objetivos y se hace mención al vacío que existe en cuanto a investigaciones que estudian la misma temática en el ámbito académico español. Posteriormente se expone la metodología utilizada, en este caso, la científico-cualitativa. Finalmente, se concluye con una serie de consideraciones finales en las que se plantean los principios de la pedagogía de la alteridad o inclusión para superar la visión estereotipada que existe sobre las alumnas de confesión musulmana.
Fogyatékossággal élő személyek sportolásával foglalkozó sportszervezet kommunikációs sajátosságainak vizsgálata
Authors: Laoues-Czimbalmos Nóra , Müller Anetta , Bácsné Bába Éva
Published: July 2021

A vezetői munka kulcsfontosságú eleme a hatékony kommunikáció. Mintzberg (1988) kutatásainak eredményei alapján kijelenthető, hogy a vezetők munkájuk során, idejük nagy részét az információk közlésével, fogadásával, rendszerzésével töltik túlnyomó részben. A vezetésben résztvevőknek rendelkezniük kell a következő tulajdonságokkal: személyes megfelelés, rátermettség, kölcsönös felelősségvállalás (Juhász, 2012). A személyes vezetés legfontosabb tényezői: a hatékony személyközi kommunikáció, megfelelő vezetési stílus megválasztása és alkalmazása, a személyzeti menedzsment eszköztárának gyakorlása, amelyen belül kiemelten fontos a beosztottak motivációja ösztönzésének módja (Juhász, 2012). A kutatásban fogyatékossággal élő személyek sportolásával foglalkozó sportszervezet szervezeti kommunikációs és motivációs sajátosságait vizsgáltuk.
A termelői értékesítő szervezetek szerepe a vidék gazdaságában
Authors: Panyor Ágota , Szebelédi Krisztina
Published: July 2021

A kereslet koncentrálódásának, az áruházláncok térnyerésének következtében a mezőgazdasági termelők egyre kiszolgáltatottabbak a felvásárlókkal, feldolgozókkal szemben. Ezért a zöldség-gyümölcs ágazat hatékony működése érdekében a termelőknek együttesen szükséges fellépniük, mely fellépés egy lehetséges formája a Termelői Értékesítő Szervezet (TÉSZ). Ezen szervezetek nemcsak a termelők, hanem a vidékgazdaság tekintetében is fontos szerepet töltenek be.Kutatásunkban a Garden TÉSZ Kft. kapcsán vizsgáljuk a szövetkezés nyújtotta gazdasági, technológiai, személyes előnyöket, valamint gátló tényezőit. A tagokkal, valamint az ügyvezető igazgatóval készített interjú alapján elmondható, hogy a szövetkezet által kínált biztos felvevőpiac, illetve post harvest tevékenység a legfontosabb előny a gazdálkodók számára. Emellett a szövetkezet hozzájárul a vidéki foglalkoztatás bővítéséhez is.
A magyar vadhúsértékesítés alakulásának főbb tendenciái és lehetséges fejlődési irányai
Authors: Komarek Levente , Tóth Szilvia
Published: July 2021

Magyarország kedvező természeti adottságokkal rendelkezik a vadgazdálkodás területén. Ebből kifolyólag lehetővé válik a vadászatra jogosultaknak, hogy kiváló alapanyagot (vadhúst) biztosítsanak a hazai és külföldi fogyasztók számára. A lőtt vad a vadfeldolgozókban történő gondos feldolgozást követően, jó minőségű, ellenőrzött termékként kerül a fogyasztók asztalára. A tanulmány az egyes lőtt nagyvadak (gímszarvas, dámszarvas, őz, muflon, vaddisznó) értékesítésének alakulására és lehetséges fejlődési irányaira fókuszál. A magyar vadhúsértékesítés az elmúlt évek során jelentős átalakuláson ment keresztül és ennek eredményeképpen szükségessé válnak olyan vizsgálatok, amelyek arra adnak választ, hogy milyen pozitív vagy negatív irányú változások következtek be ezen a téren. Az elemzéshez matematikai-statisztikai módszereket alkalmaztunk, annak érdekében, hogy be tudjuk mutatni a változások főbb tendenciáit, és meg tudjuk fogalmazni a főbb fejlesztési irányokat, figyelembe véve a magyar vadhús piacának erősségeit (S), gyengeségeit (W), lehetőségeit (O) és veszélyeit (T).
Educação e comunicação em saúde
Authors: De Sousa Nascimento Rita de Cássia
Published: July 2021

A Atenção Primária à Saúde – APS se constitui num lócus de excelência para o cuidado integral à saúde das pessoas. Apesar de grandes entraves à sua efetivação no Brasil, a pandemia de Covid-19 tem encontrado respostas favoráveis ao seu controle, mesmo na sua expansão. Objetiva-se refletir sobre o uso de tecnologias de educação e comunicação em saúde na APS como potências de superação da crise sanitária, principalmente se a população é participe ativa deste processo. Assim, fortalecer a APS como uma das principais respostas à pandemia de Covid-19, utilizando dispositivos comunicacionais e educacionais facilitadores do processo de trabalho em saúde, significa estrategicamente organizar uma política estruturada de enfrentamento aos problemas e então fortalecer o SUS para valorizar a vida.
Pain Experience in Pancreatitis: Strong Association of Genetic Risk Loci for Anxiety and PTSD in Patients With Severe, Constant, and Constant-Severe Pain
Authors: Dunbar Ellyn K. , Greer Phil J. , Amann Stephen T. , Alkaade Samer , Banks Peter , Brand Randall , Conwell Darwin L. , Forsmark Christopher E. , Gardner Timothy B. , Guda Nalini M. , Lewis Michele D. , Machicado Jorge D. , Muniraj Thiruvengadam , Papachristou Georgios I. , Romagnuolo Joseph , Sandhu Bimaljit S. , Sherman Stuart , Slivka Adam , Wilcox C. Mel , Yadav Dhiraj , Whitcomb David C. ,   for the NAPS2 Consortium
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) are progressive inflammatory syndromes with variable features. Pain is the primary feature that contributes to low physical and mental quality of life with a third of patients reporting severe pain. Pain experience is worsened by depression. Here, we tested the hypothesis that genetic risk of the psychiatric conditions of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with pain in CP and RAP + CP subjects.

METHODS:

The study cohort included phenotyped and genotyped RAP and CP patients from the North American Pancreatitis Study II of European Ancestry. Candidate genetic association studies were based on the absence of pain vs pain that is constant, constant-severe, or severe. Twenty-eight candidate genetic loci for anxiety and PTSD risk were identified in the literature and were the focus of this study.

RESULTS:

We identified 24 significant pain-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms within 13 loci across the 3 pain patterns in CP and RAP + CP (P < 0.002). Thirteen anxiety or PTSD genes were within these pain loci indicating nonrandom associations (P < 4.885 × 10−23). CTNND2 was associated with all pain categories and all pancreatitis etiologies. Implicated systems include neuronal signaling (HTR2A, DRD3, NPY, and BDNF), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (NR3C1 and FKBP5), and cell-cell interaction (CTNND2 and THBS2).

DISCUSSION:

A component of constant and severe pain in patients with RAP and CP is associated with genetic predisposition to anxiety and PTSD. Identification of patients at risk eligible for trials of targeted treatment as a component of a multidisciplinary pain management strategy should be formally evaluated.
Gastropancreatic Fistula: A Rare Complication of Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Dhruv Samyak , Gurala Dhineshreddy , Philipose Jobin , Gumaste Vivek
Published: July 2021

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has a significant health burden. Penetration is a rare complication of PUD, where an ulcer erodes into another organ. To the best of our knowledge, we present the fourth case in the literature where a gastric ulcer has penetrated the pancreas. A 67-year-old man with a history of PUD presented to the emergency department for epigastric pain. Endoscopy revealed a large gastric ulcer at the incisura with magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating gastropancreatic fistula. Our case emphasizes on the importance of timely identification and treatment strategies for gastropancreatic fistula, the rarest complications of PUD.
Profiles of behavioral inhibition and anxiety symptoms during the preschool years
Authors: Marques Carina , Guedes Maryse , Veríssimo Manuela , Rubin Kenneth H. , Santos António J.
Published: July 2021

Behavioral inhibition (BI) during the preschool years can be defined as a biologically-based wariness when exposed to novel people, situations and activities, and has been associated with an increased risk of developing anxiety symptoms. Although BI is not a unitary concept, to date, few studies aimed to characterize different subgroups of children, using multidimensional parental measures, and compare them in terms of anxiety symptoms. This study aimed to identify different profiles of children with BI and explore potential differences concerning anxiety symptoms. One hundred and eight mothers of children with a mean age of 54 months completed the Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire and the Preschool Anxiety Scale. Two profiles of children were identified: children with high and medium levels of BI. Children with high levels of BI displayed more generalized anxiety, social anxiety and physical injury fears symptoms than children with average BI levels. These differences were of greater magnitude for social anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of early intervention with children who display high levels of BI as early as the preschool years.