bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Change Impacts on Subsistence Paddy Farming on the Indian East Coast: A Geospatial and Community Perception Assessment
Authors: Kundu Anirban , Mukhopadhyay Sayani , Basu Parthiba
Published: April 2023

The impact of climate change on subsistence agriculture is a major concern in the developing world. The vulnerability of the coastal regions to climate change has been highlighted, in particular. The present study assessed the impact of climate change on subsistence rice farming on the eastern Indian coast using an integrated approach of statistical trend analysis by the Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimation of climate data and remote sensing–based land-cover analyses using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and land surface temperature (LST) complemented by a questionnaire-based perception survey among the farming community. There has been a noticeable change in both ambient temperature and LST in the region. The delayed arrival of the monsoon critically impacts the cropping calendar. The crop harvest season has shifted farther into a time of the year that is prone to weather extremes. Analyses of NDVI and NDWI also indicate a shift in the cropping calendar. Over the years, there was an increasing degree of negative correlation between LST and NDVI in November, which indicates increasing water stress for crops in that time juncture. This may further cause crop sterility and yield loss. The study also reveals large-scale conversion of paddy-growing agricultural land into prawn aquaculture ponds. Farmers attributed such land-use change to cultivation stress caused by the delayed monsoon and consequent crop loss from weather extremes and changes in crop agronomic conditions. Farmers also report increased pest attacks and attribute that to an increasing temperature regime.
Functional Ability, Psychological Factors, and Rehabilitation Outcomes After Elective Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Segev-Jacubovski Orit
Published: April 2023

Background. The role of positive psychological factors in acute rehabilitation after total hip replacement (THR) is unclear. Purpose. (a) Examine the trajectory of functional ability among older adults after THR from presurgery to discharge from acute rehabilitation and (b) determine which physical and psychological factors at admission would predict functional ability at discharge and length of stay in rehabilitation. Methods. This prospective cohort study included 30 participants (age M = 76.20 years) from an inpatient geriatric rehabilitation center. They completed the Geriatric Depression Scale and Positive Affect questionnaire. The FIM® Motor domain of Functional Independent Measure (mFIM) was recorded presurgery, at admission, and upon discharge. Findings. Functional ability improved at discharge; however, the presurgery functional ability was not regained. Positive affect explained the length of stay in rehabilitation above and beyond the presurgery mFIM. Implications. Occupational therapists should improve ways to enhance self-care and positive affect in acute rehabilitation.
Occupation in the Anthropocene and Ethical Relationality
Authors: Kiepek Niki
Published: April 2023

Purpose. Occupations have “implications for individuals, societies, and the earth”. This article focusses on implications of occupation in relation to the earth and examines the potential to expand occupational justice beyond anthropocentric viewpoints to honour interspecies justice. Approach. A ‘theory as method’ approach is used to explore the literature. Transgressive decolonial hermeneutics informs analysis. Key issues. The discussion advances understandings about human occupation in relation to more-than-humans, intersections with human occupations and animals, and ethical relationality. Implications. Occupational justice includes honouring interdependence of species, engaging in occupations in ways that are sustainable, considering future generations, and refraining from occupations that have a destructive or detrimental impact on the earth and more-than-humans. The profession has a collective responsibility to honour Indigenous worldviews and Indigenous sovereignty, recognising and welcoming the potential for Western conceptualisations of occupation to be transformed.
Spanish Validation of the Self-Reported Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire and Comparison of Adolescent Antisocial Behaviors Between Pittsburgh and Cordoba
Authors: Espejo-Siles Raquel , Nasaescu Elena , Zych Izabela , Farrington David P.
Published: April 2023

Antisocial behavior is a worldwide problem that negatively affects individuals and societies, and it is influenced by contextual factors. The study of how antisocial behavior changes through time frames and among countries provides information of the extent to which the environment influences this problem, which could help to develop more accurate prevention programs. Cross-national studies require instruments with good psychometric properties, validated in different cultures and languages. Thus, the aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Self-Reported Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire, and to analyze whether there are differences in reported antisocial behavior between pre-adolescents in Pittsburgh, North America (1988) and Cordoba, Spain (2017). The sample included 1,483 Cordoba students of whom 203 were comparable in age to 868 Pittsburgh boys. Results showed that the Spanish version of the Self-Reported Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire had excellent psychometric properties, and that there were some similarities and differences in antisocial behaviors reported by the samples from Pittsburgh and Cordoba. Results are discussed according to time frames and environmental influences of the samples. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Replace, absorb, serve: Data scientists talk about their aspired jurisdiction
Authors: Avnoon Netta
Published: April 2023

How do data scientists frame their relations with domain experts? This study focuses on data scientists’ aspired professional jurisdiction and their multiple narratives regarding data science’s relations to other fields of expertise. Based on the analysis of 60 open-ended, in-depth interviews with data scientists, data science professors, and managers in Israel, the findings show that data scientists institutionalize three narratives regarding their relations with domain experts: (a) replace experts, (b) absorb experts’ knowledge, and (c) provide a service to experts. These three narratives construct data scientists’ expertise as universal and omnivorous; namely, they are relevant to many domains and allow data scientists to be flexible in their claim for authority.
Thermomechanical properties of imidazolium ionic liquid-modified mwcnt/carbon fiber/epoxy hybrid composite laminates
Authors: Ghafoor Bilal , Farooq Umar , Schrekker Henri Stephan , Amico Sandro Campos
Published: April 2023

Hybrid composite laminates with nanofillers are high performance materials for thermal and structural applications. In this work, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were non-covalently modified by treating them with 1 wt% or 5 wt% of ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. The treated MWCNT were dispersed in epoxy resin (weight content: 0.2–2 wt% or 1 to 3 wt%, respectively) and used to obtain hybrid composite laminates based on carbon fibers (CF) molded by hand layup and vacuum bagging techniques. The hybrid composite laminate containing 1 wt% of MWCNT modified with 1 wt% of IL showed the best mechanical and thermomechanical properties, including an increase of 210% and 151% in flexural strength and modulus, and an increase of 101%, 116% and 29.3% in storage modulus, loss modulus and damping, respectively. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs showed the enhanced MWCNT dispersion and network at low IL content, justifying its improved mechanical properties. The application of a low amount of IL dispersant was found a promising approach to prepare MWCNT/CF/epoxy composites with enhanced properties.
Is Humor a Meaning Making Process? Investigating the Effects of Absurd Humor and Mortality Salience on Meaning in Life, Moral Identity, Belongingness, and Belief in a Just World
Authors: Semko Joshua H. , Schulenberg Stefan E.
Published: April 2023

Both mortality salience and absurd humor have been found to elicit fluid compensation — the automatic process of strengthening unrelated beliefs in response to a meaning threat. Previous research has suggested that perceiving absurd humor to be funny decreases people's tendency to fluid compensate, suggesting that humor is a meaning-making process. However, these results may have been confounded by mortality salience effects. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the effects of absurd humor and mortality salience on multiple beliefs. In the current study, we aimed to conceptually replicate previous research on the fluid compensatory effects of absurd humor and mortality salience under more stringent conditions and in response to a wider variety of beliefs. Participants ( N = 590) recruited via MTurk were randomly assigned to a reading condition and thereafter completed a series of measures of meaning in life, moral identity, belongingness, and belief in a just world. Participants found humor in each reading condition and did not fluid compensate, suggesting that humor is a meaning-making process. Implications and directions for meaning making and humor research are discussed.
Credit Rationing and Race in Two Brazilian Cities
Authors: Paixão Marcelo
Published: April 2023

This paper analyzes a survey of individual microentrepreneurs’ (MEI) access to credit for business, broken down by their color or race in two Brazilian cities: Rio de Janeiro and Salvador. The central hypothesis of this study was that color or race is a significant predictor for credit rationing in both cities. However, the most crucial variables to explain the difference in credit approval were primarily related to credit risk operation—adverse selection, moral hazard, and collateral—as expressed by predictor: loan size and credit restriction (inversely correlated to odds of credit approval). The city of the loan operation had a robust explanatory power, with credit more accessible in Rio de Janeiro than in Salvador. Evidence of racial discrimination in the credit markets for business affected not all Afro-Brazilian MEI but blacks compared with white and brown MEI. Lenders could treat potential borrowers based on a pigmentocratic pattern, with this issue appearing more clearly in Rio de Janeiro. Further inquiries in this realm are recommended, preferably with a larger sample and a survey covering all Brazilian domestic territory.
Is Anti-Immigrant Sentiment Owned by the Political Right?
Authors: Leykin Inna , Gorodzeisky Anastasia
Published: April 2023

In political and social scientific discourses, the link between right-wing political orientation and anti-immigrant sentiment is often presented as a universal social fact. Based on a systematic examination of the association between left–right political orientation and attitudes towards migrants, the article demonstrates a clear inconsistency in the strength and direction of this presumed association in postsocialist European countries. We provide two analytical explanations for this inconsistency. The first challenges the western-centric idea that people leaning towards the political right tend to hold conservative views that shape their tendency to express anti-immigrant sentiment. The second explanation pertains to the limited relevance of the left–right political orientation scale for postsocialist subjects, making it difficult to attribute anti-immigrant sentiment to specific political orientations. In conclusion, we discuss specific social identities of the holders of hostile attitudes towards outsiders in postsocialist Central and Eastern Europe, which western-centric analytical models do not capture.
Optimism and Obstacles: Racialized Constraints in College Attitudes and Expectations among Teens of the Prison Boom
Authors: Haskins Anna R. , Jacobsen Wade C. , Mittleman Joel
Published: April 2023

Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, we estimate associations of paternal incarceration with three measures of teens’ attitudes and expectations: (1) optimism about the future, (2) perceived importance of college graduation, and (3) perceived likelihood of college graduation. Results suggest that whereas optimism toward the future and the importance of college are resilient in the face of paternal incarceration, teens’ expectations of actual college completion are reduced, particularly for Black youth. An examination of micro-, meso-, and macro-level mechanisms suggests that early consequences of paternal incarceration influence perceptions of future educational trajectories. Our findings point to the complexity of contemporary teens’ college-related attitudes in the wake of the prison boom. Signs of optimism surfaced, yet obstacles associated with paternal incarceration represent a type of racialized constraint. An updating of the educational expectations literature is needed to account for the racialized nature of the era of mass incarceration in the United States.
Building Resilience Against Hostile Information Influence Activities: How a New Media Literacy Learning Platform Was Developed for the Estonian Defense Forces
Authors: Ventsel Andreas , Hansson Sten , Rickberg Merit , Madisson Mari-Liis
Published: April 2023

Modern societies are characterized by unprecedently broad and fast diffusion of various forms of false and harmful information. Military personnel’s motivation to defend their country may be harmed by their exposure to disinformation. Therefore, specific education and training programs should be devised for the military to systematically improve (social) media literacy and build resilience against information influence activities. In this article, we put forward a useful methodological approach to designing such programs based on a case study: the process of developing a media literacy learning platform tailored to the needs of the Estonian defense forces in 2021. The approach is grounded in data on (a) the current needs and skills of the learners, (b) the kinds of influence activities that the learners may encounter, and (c) the learning design principles that would enhance their learning experience, such as learning through play and dialogue through feedback.
“Blonde Provinzen”: National Socialist Territorial and Homogenization Policies and the Murderous Consequences of Their Failure
Authors: Jureit Ulrike
Published: April 2023

This article discusses the interaction between the national-socialist expulsion and resettlement programs, which emerged in the forefront of the so-called Generalplan Ost, and their disorganized and ultimately failed implementation on the basis of the German occupation policy in Poland between 1939 and 1941. The racial homogenization of the former Polish territories during this first phase of the war was used as a field of experimentation before the planners transferred the principle of “repopulation” with certain modifications to the occupied parts of the Soviet Union from June 1941 onward. Basically, it is argued that it was not primarily the implementation of existing expansion and occupation concepts that caused the radicalization of the extermination policy, but in particular the failure of the intended population exchange. The homogenization policy escalated into a historically unprecedented extermination program when the colonial space could no longer be populated “Aryan” even in its own imagination. The discrepancy between state planning and concrete implementation points to complex configurations of action that were not only fatal but decisive for the murderous radicalism of the National Socialist extermination policy as well as for the procedural decisions on the Holocaust.
Who shares scholarly output on Facebook? A systematic investigation into their location, productivity and identities
Authors: Yu Houqiang , Wang Yue , Zhang Wei , Xiao Tingting , Hou Jianhua
Published: April 2023

Facebook mentions to scholarly outputs are important data source for scholarly communication and altmetrics. However, little is known about who are producing these mentions. With statistical analysis of over 1.5 million records, this study has revealed scientific Facebook users’ geographic distribution and productivity distribution. Furthermore, via coding analysis based on random sampling strategy and stratified sampling strategy, their identities are recognised and classified in a systematic way. Results show the following. (1) Scientific Facebook users are widely distributed around the world but highly concentrated, presenting a different pattern compared with general Facebook users. (2) Productivity distribution is highly skewed towards the lowly productive scientific Facebook users. (3) Identities of scientific Facebook users are very diversified, and are proposed to be classified into 6 basic types and 30 specific types, verifying that various stakeholders other than scholars are engaged with scholarly outputs on Facebook. (4) Organisational scientific Facebook users (percentage > 80%) are dominant. Meanwhile, public users (percentage = 55%) have surpassed researcher users (percentage = 32%) as the major type. Among public users, various business organisations (percentage = 26%) and social organisations (percentage = 19%) are playing an important role. (5) Level of activeness has strong connection with users’ identities. There is clear increasing pattern regarding percentage of public users with decreasing level of activeness. These results indicate that Facebook mentions can measure interactions with scholarly outputs from much broader categories of users other than scholars and user’s context information needs to be considered when using Facebook mention counts for evaluative purpose.
Combining physics and deep learning to learn continuous-time dynamics models
Authors: Lutter Michael , Peters Jan
Published: April 2023

Deep learning has been widely used within learning algorithms for robotics. One disadvantage of deep networks is that these networks are black-box representations. Therefore, the learned approximations ignore the existing knowledge of physics or robotics. Especially for learning dynamics models, these black-box models are not desirable as the underlying principles are well understood and the standard deep networks can learn dynamics that violate these principles. To learn dynamics models with deep networks that guarantee physically plausible dynamics, we introduce physics-inspired deep networks that combine first principles from physics with deep learning. We incorporate Lagrangian mechanics within the model learning such that all approximated models adhere to the laws of physics and conserve energy. Deep Lagrangian Networks (DeLaN) parametrize the system energy using two networks. The parameters are obtained by minimizing the squared residual of the Euler–Lagrange differential equation. Therefore, the resulting model does not require specific knowledge of the individual system, is interpretable, and can be used as a forward, inverse, and energy model. Previously these properties were only obtained when using system identification techniques that require knowledge of the kinematic structure. We apply DeLaN to learning dynamics models and apply these models to control simulated and physical rigid body systems. The results show that the proposed approach obtains dynamics models that can be applied to physical systems for real-time control. Compared to standard deep networks, the physics-inspired models learn better models and capture the underlying structure of the dynamics.
Imprinting-like effects of early adolescent music
Authors: Fu Jiayu , Tan Lynn KL , Li Norman P , Wang XT (XiaoTian)
Published: April 2023

This research examines the hypothesis that music experienced during puberty in early adolescence imprints on individuals to promote the pursuit of friendships and mating. We conducted an online survey with samples from the United States and China (Study 1) and a within-subject experiment (Study 2). Results suggest that most songs and poems identified as “favorites” were learned during early adolescence. Furthermore, compared with recently acquired songs and poems, those from early adolescence reminded participants more about friendship and induced more emotional reactions. In the Chinese sample, the shared preference for similar songs from early adolescence increased friendliness perception. Music from early adolescence also increased positive feelings more than other art forms, such as poems, fine arts, movies, dance, and views of natural scenery, especially when experienced in the company of friends than alone. In Study 2, singing songs from early adolescence (vs. those from recent years) enhanced the trustworthiness ratings of faces of the opposite sex and promoted intentions to cooperate. However, early adolescent music did not facilitate mating-related evaluations such as the ratings of facial attractiveness and artistic intelligence. The present two studies provide evidence that early adolescent songs learned during puberty possess imprinting-like effects on friendship formation and trust-building.
Corporate entrepreneurship in banks: The role of technology self-efficacy and technology-based customer relationship management
Authors: Umrani Waheed Ali , Tariq Beenish , Bodolica Virginia , Nawaz Asif , Pahi Munwar Hussain
Published: April 2023

In today’s hypercompetitive business landscapes, corporate entrepreneurship (CE) plays a critical role in organizational growth and success. While the impact of CE on firm performance is widely explored in the literature, little is known to date about the contingency factors that intervene in this relationship. The purpose of this paper is to build a contextualized knowledge base to further our understanding of the CE–performance association for a sample of 307 employees from the banking sector in Pakistan. Drawing on the resource-based view, we examine how two technology-related resources—technology-based customer relationship management (CRM) and technology self-efficacy—alter the relationship between CE initiatives and performance of banks. Our study was conducted in four-time spans to capture longitudinal effects and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques. Findings indicate that technology-based CRM mediates, while technology self-efficacy moderates, the CE–performance relationship. We provide several theoretical and managerial implications and suggest fruitful avenues for further inquiry in the field.
Digital entrepreneurial intentions and actions in China during the COVID-19 pandemic with policy implications
Authors: Xu Zhi-xing , Zhu Ying , Liu Jingting , Cavusgil S Tamer
Published: April 2023

Despite the rapid development of digital start-ups and market expansion in China, there have been challenges for developing digital business in recent years. Unique economic, institutional, and social factors, as well as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, influence the digital entrepreneurs and their businesses. Yet, the literature on the changing digital entrepreneurial behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic remains limited. The intentions and behaviours of these entrepreneurs in relation to their digital start-ups and the impact caused by exogenous changes require deeper investigation. By adopting an intention-based social cognitive perspective, this study examines the factors influencing digital entrepreneurs’ intentions and actions in managing their start-ups. We also present a holistic framework with regard to the changing entrepreneurial behaviour and policy implications for the development of digital start-ups.
Occupational performance in Huntington’s disease: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Simón-Vicente Lucía , Cuesta-García César , Rivadeneyra-Posadas Jéssica , Mariscal Natividad , Aguado Laura , Miguel-Pérez Irene , Saiz-Rodríguez Miriam , García-Bustillo Álvaro , Muñoz-Siscart Ignacio , Piñeiro Dolores , Cubo Esther
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric disorders. These symptoms cause functional limitations in occupational performance. This study aimed to describe the difficulties in self-care, productivity, and leisure activities and to analyze the patients’ own perception and satisfaction and the association with sex, age, disability, HD severity, and quality of life.

Method:

We conducted an observational, retrospective study in 38 patients with HD without cognitive impairment at the Burgos University Hospital. We assessed occupational performance, quality of life, and HD severity with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Short-Form Health Survey 12, Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale, Total Functional Capacity, and the Problems Behavior Assessment.

Results:

One hundred sixty-five occupations (median 4, range 2–7) were categorized as self-care (50.90%), leisure (30.30%), and productivity (18.79%). Patients reported a higher degree of satisfaction with the activities prioritized than with the degree of performance. Elderly HD patients reported more satisfaction in leisure and women in self-care. Self-ratings of satisfaction in productivity were associated with higher levels of mental wellbeing.

Conclusions:

HD patients have problems with their daily life occupations, particularly with self-care. This underlines the need for assessment tools that capture the complexity of occupations.
The American spirit: The performativity of folk economics in global financial markets
Authors: Tarim Emre , Gozluklu Arie , Muradoglu Gulnur
Published: April 2023

Inspired by Austin's conceptualisation of utterances as performative, that is, they do things rather than merely represent, research has shown how scientific theories can become performative in financial markets. Research also shows that brokerage and investment work is as much about using everyday knowledge of markets as it is about performing scientific theories. We investigate whether and how this knowledge or what Swedberg calls ‘folk economics’ can also be performative. We focus on Borsa Istanbul, an emerging market where market actors perform what we call ‘the American Spirit’ – a ubiquitous folk theory that frames and plots the Turkish market as one that moves in tandem with American and other developed markets – and in the process become better market forecasters. Our findings have implications for the study of folk economics and performativity in global economy and finance.
Modeling Framework for Predicting Lane Change Intensity at Freeway Weaving Segments
Authors: Ahmed Ishtiak , Karr Alan , Rouphail Nagui M. , Chase R. Thomas
Published: April 2023

This study proposes a modeling framework for predicting discretionary lane change (DLC) intensity at weaving segments using traffic flow and site data. The database used to develop the models comprises 294 field observations from 19 sites. Two modeling techniques, using regression trees and linear regression, were employed to predict DLCs per hour and DLCs per vehicle. The proposed models were compared with the lane change model for weaving segments in the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM7). The lane change data were clustered by site, which cautioned the applicability of linear regression for this dataset. Nonetheless, both the regression tree and linear regression models yielded high R-squared values, varying from 0.93 to 0.96. The relative root mean squared error (RMSE)—the ratio of the error to the mean values—varied between 0.18 and 0.30. However, a site-specific validation showed that the linear regression models performed poorly for most sites, although measures were taken to cope with outliers, nonlinearity, and interactions. The tree model improved the prediction of DLCs per hour for more than two-thirds of the sites when compared with the mean value at each site. It also performed well in most cases when applied to a site that was omitted from the model development. The HCM7 model performed well when applied to an omitted site. However, it exhibited the highest overall relative RMSE (0.57), underscoring the necessity of advanced modeling tools with additional predictors. We recommend incorporating observations from more extended periods and varying traffic conditions for each site for future research.
Identification of an immune-related genes signature to predict risk of recurrence for patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hong Xiu , Li Yang , Lv Qian , An Jun , Liu Ying , Wang Xiuli , Li Rui , Hu Yuqiang , Liu Bing
Published: April 2023

Objective

Numerous studies indicate that immune-related genes (IRGs) are closely related to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. We aimed to establish a robust IRGs-based signature to predict risk of recurrence for patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

Methods

Gene expression profiles were acquired to select differentially expressed IRGs (DEIRGs) between tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to explore the biological roles of DEIRGs in LSCC. Univariate Cox analyses and LASSO regression model were used to construct a IRGs-based signature with the ability to predict recurrence for LSCC patients.

Results

A total of 272 DEIRGs were identified, of which 20 DEIRGs were significantly associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS). Subsequently, we constructed an eleven-IRGs signature that could classify patients into high-risk or low-risk groups in TCGA-LSCC training cohort. Patients in high-risk groups suffered from shorter RFS (log-rank p = 9.69E−06). Besides, the recurrence rate of high-risk group was significantly higher than that of low-risk group (41.1% vs. 13.7%; Fisher’s exact test p < 0.001). The predictive performance was validated in an independent cohort (GSE27020, log-rank p = 1.43E-03). Person correlation analysis showed that the risk scores calculated by eleven-IRGs signature were significantly associated with filtrating immune cells. Furthermore, three immune checkpoint molecules were significantly over-expressed in the high-risk group.

Conclusion

Our findings for the first time constructed a robust IRGs-based signature to precisely predict risk of recurrence and further provided a deeper understanding of IRGs regulatory mechanism in LSCC pathogenesis.
Nonconsensual Dissemination of Sexual Images Among Adolescents: Associations With Depression and Self-Esteem
Authors: Sciacca Beatrice , Mazzone Angela , Loftsson Magnus , O’Higgins Norman James , Foody Mairéad
Published: April 2023

The nonconsensual dissemination of sexual images is a form of image-based sexual abuse that is relatively common among adolescents. However, literature on this issue with adolescent samples is relatively scarce. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating how this phenomenon varies based on gender and sexual orientation, along with its association with depression and self-esteem. Participants were 728 secondary school students in Sweden (50.4% girls and 46.4% boys; 14.4% lesbian, gay, bisexual [LGB+]) aged from 12 to 19 years ( M = 14.35, SD = 1.29). A survey was administered during school hours, including a measure assessing the nonconsensual dissemination of sexual images, the short version of the Moods and Feelings Questionnaire, and the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale. Results showed that LGB+ participants were more likely to indicate that they were victimized compared to their heterosexual peers, while no differences were observed for gender. Being the target of nonconsensual dissemination of sexual images was positively associated with depression, whereas no significant associations were yielded for self-esteem. Based on the findings from this study, we suggest raising adolescent awareness in relation to the nonconsensual dissemination of sexual images as a form of sexual abuse that can have detrimental effects on those who are targeted. Such educational programs should be inclusive of sexual minority adolescents, as they are at a particular risk of being the target of nonconsensual dissemination of sexual images. Psychological support should be provided to the targets of this form of abuse, through both school and online counseling. Future research should adopt longitudinal designs while recruiting diverse samples.
What if there were no personality factors? Comparing the predictability of behavioral act frequencies from a big-five and a maximal-dimensional item set
Authors: Altgassen Elisa , Olaru Gabriel , Wilhelm Oliver
Published: April 2023

Personality inventories are predominantly curated using factor analytic approaches. Indicators capturing common and thus redundant variance are preferentially selected, whereas indicators capturing a large proportion of unique variance outside the broad trait domains are omitted from further research. Even recent research dealing with lower-level personality traits such as facets or nuances has invariably relied on inventories founded on this factor analytic approach. However, items can also be selected to ensure low instead of high communality amongst them. The expected predictive power of such item sets is higher compared to those compiled to capitalize on the indicators’ redundancy. To investigate this, we applied Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to select personality-descriptive adjectives with minimal inter-item correlations. When used to predict the frequency of everyday life behaviors, this ‘crude-grit’ set outperformed a traditional big-five item set and sets of randomly selected adjectives. The size of the predictive advantage of the crude-grit set was generally higher for those behaviors that could also be predicted better by the big-five item set. This study provides a proof-of-concept for an alternative procedure for compiling personality scales, and serves as a starting point for future studies using broader item sets.
The examination of microstructural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded XPF800 steel
Authors: Korkmaz Emre , Meran Cemal
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the friction stir welding properties and resulting microstructural and mechanical properties of XPF800 steel, which is commonly used in automotive chassis and suspension components. The welding parameters were optimized with a tungsten carbide (WC) tool at a downforce of 11 kN, traverse speed of 95 mm/min, and rotating speed of 750 rpm. Microstructural analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS). Mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile, Charpy impact, and microhardness tests. Results showed that acicular ferrite formed in the stir zone, contributing to an increase in strength, with a maximum hardness of approximately 350 HV0.1. However, the heat affected zone (HAZ) experienced softening, resulting in a decrease in both tensile strength and hardness by approximately 8% and 20%, respectively, compared to the base material.
Numerical simulation and experimental research of low energy impact on police riot suit
Authors: Li Shuo , Zhou Kedong , He Lei , Lu Ye , Ren Haiyue
Published: April 2023

A numerical model was established by using ABAQUS for a police riot suit which was composed of nylon, foam polyethylene and sandwich board under low energy impact provided by 7.5 kg ball head impact assembly. The impact force and the energy absorbed by the riot suit are numerically analyzed, and the structure of the riot suit is improved. The results show that the peak impact force of the improved riot suit is reduced by 11.7%, and the energy absorbed by the improved riot suit is increased by 12.1%. The accuracy of the numerical model is verified by comparing the low energy impact test of the riot suit. The obtained results can provide theoretical guidance for the structural design of the police riot suit.
Efficacy of refrigerants in thin metallic coated wickless heat pipes – A comparative study
Authors: Senthilkumar Chandrasekaran , Krishnan Annur Srinivasan , Solomon Arulanantham Brusly , Mohanraj Murugesan
Published: April 2023

The heat pipes are passive heat transport devices generally using in electronic cooling. Thermal performance enhancement of heat pipe is essential for better thermal management. The present investigation attempts the effect of thin layer copper coating over the inner surface of the wickless heat pipe (WHP) to improve the heat transfer characteristics and compared with uncoated WHP using R134a, R290 and R600a as working fluids. The influence of fluid fill ratio (in the range between 30% and 80%), at three positions (0°, 45° and 90°) and heat inputs (in the range between 25 and 200 W) on the thermal performance of coated and uncoated WHPs are investigated. Moreover, the significance of Bond, Webber, Kutateladze and condensation numbers on heat transfer performance of coated and uncoated WHPs are investigated. The fill ratio was optimised to 50% (by volume). The results showed that the coated WHP at 45° inclination has improved thermal performance than uncoated WHP. The R600a was identified as a good working fluid because of its favourable thermo-physical properties, which results in low thermal resistance and improved heat transfer coefficients.
Incentivized decarbonization through safer and more efficient heavy haul operations
Authors: Wang Yi , de Blois Solange , Oldknow Kevin David
Published: April 2023

The improvement in component service life and railway service reliability has been viewed from an environmental perspective. Delays and train accidents carry enormous costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions potential due to the increased fuel burn and the need to replace heavy equipment prematurely. The use of higher-performance materials, more efficient vehicle design, and modern technology by Canadian railways to reduce service interruptions are presented. Their resulting cost savings not only can provide financial incentives for the continuous optimization of asset utilization but can also lead to significant contributions to the decarbonization of the railway industry. The authors have estimated a total reduction of 2.4 kt-CO2e per year in embodies carbon emissions due to life extensions of wheelsets compared to 2017 levels on a Class 1 railway. System-wide, the rail life extension has resulted in a saving of 8.1 kt-CO2e per year compared to 2017 for the same railway. Compared to 2004, the Canadian railway industry has achieved an annual reduction in embodied carbon emission of 6.7 Mt-CO2e from the reduction in mainline derailments.
Using the UPLC-QTOF-MS Fingerprinting Coupled with Clustering Analysis to Verify the Quality Control of Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim
Authors: Song Daoguang , Guo Jiaxin , Li Dingai , Zheng Xuan , Han Hongping , Chen Zhi
Published: April 2023

Background:

A method is proposed as follows to establish the ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) fingerprinting and content determination for Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. (FPM).

Materials and Methods:

The separation was developed using an Acquity UPLC CSH C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 µm). The gradient elution was carried out with acetonitrile solution with 0.1% acetic acid (containing 0.01 mol L−1 ammonium acetate) as the mobile phase, with the flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1, column temperature of 30°C, and injection volume of 2 µL. Fourteen batches of samples were analyzed under the above chromatographic conditions to ascertain the fingerprint of FPM sourced in different areas. A total of 45 common peaks were selected for analysis. Two chromatographic peaks were identified by comparison with the standard compound, and simultaneous content determination of the two compounds was carried out. These two compounds were identified as two alkaloids, peiminine and peimisine. SPSS 25.0 and SIMCA 14.1 were used for cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) on the peak area of the 45 common peaks of FPM.

Results:

Results from this showed that samples sourced from different regions could be successfully divided into three groups based on their origin. The contents of peiminine and peimisine in different batches of FPM ranged from 57.92 to 76.01 µg/g and 118.12 to 167.39 µg/g. A quick and convenient identification using UPLC fingerprinting combined with PCA was then established to differentiate among FPM samples from different growing regions.

Conclusion:

This method may prove to be helpful for the quality evaluation and control of FPM and related medicinal plants in the future.
Correlation between flat foot and patellar instability in adolescents and analysis of related risk factors
Authors: He Haiyang , Liu Wei , Teraili Aihelamu , Wang Xue , Wang Chenwei
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Flatfoot and patellar instability are both developmental limb deformities that occur frequently in adolescents. A high number of patients with both diseases can be seen in clinic, and there are no studies showing a correlation between the two. The goal of this study is to investigate the association between developmental patellar instability and flat feet in adolescents and its associated risk factors.

Methods

This experiment uses a cross-sectional study to select 74 adolescent patients with flat foot from a randomly selected middle school in this city since December 2021 and obtain relevant data. SPSS26.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Quantitative data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient was used for analysis. p < 0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference.

Results

A total of 74 people (40 men and 34 women) were included in this study. The correlation coefficients between Meary angle, Pitch angle, calcaneal valgus angle, CSI, BMI, and Beighton scores and knee joint Q angle are 0.358 ( p < 0.01), −0.312 ( p < 0.01), 0.403 ( p < 0.01), 0.596 ( p < 0.01), 0.427 ( p < 0.01), and 0.293 ( p < 0.05), respectively, indicating that flat foot, overweight, and Beighton scores are all correlated with Q angle. The correlation coefficients between Meary angle, Pitch angle, calcaneal valgus angle, CSI, and BMI were 0.431 ( p < 0.01), −0.399 ( p < 0.01), 0.319 ( p < 0.01), and 0.563 ( p < 0.01), respectively, indicating a correlation between flat foot and BMI. The correlation coefficients between Meary’s angle, Pitch’s angle, calcaneal valgus angle, CSI, and Beighton’s score were 0.207 ( p > 0.05), −0.240 ( p < 0.05), 0.204 ( p > 0.05), and 0.413 ( p < 0.01), respectively, indicating a correlation between flat foot and Beighton’s score.

Conclusion

We believe that there is a significant correlation between adolescent flatfoot and patellar instability. Excessive weight and ligamental laxity during adolescent development are among the risk factors for flatfoot and patellar instability.
Teacher Reports of Social Determinants of Health in Preschool Classrooms
Authors: Loomis Alysse M. , Cambron Christopher , Maureen Gomez G.
Published: April 2023

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are nonmedical factors (e.g., poverty) that have an influence on health and development. Early childhood education settings, such as preschools, play a dual role in children’s well-being; high quality is considered both a social determinant of health and a context for receiving referrals to address other SDOH. The current study examines reports of SDOH among a sample of 139 preschool teachers recruited from a Mountain West state. Reported prevalence of SDOH were rated as higher by teachers with more familiarity with SDOH, teachers in public/Head Start schools (vs. private schools), and assistant teachers (vs. lead teachers). Teachers who were more familiar with SDOH and who reported a higher prevalence of SDOH in their classrooms were more likely to refer students to resources to address SDOH.
Hispanic/Latinx and Spanish Language Concordance Among Palliative Care Clinicians and Patients in Hospital Settings in California
Authors: Zapata Carly , Poore Timothy , O’Riordan David , Pantilat Steven Z.
Published: April 2023

Background: Members of racial or ethnic minority groups utilize palliative care (PC) services less than non-Hispanic White patients and multiple factors contribute to this disparity. The impact of racial, ethnic, and language (REL) concordance between patients and clinicians has been demonstrated in general medical populations, but not in PC populations. We characterized the racial and ethnic composition and languages spoken of California PC clinicians and patients to examine clinical impacts of REL concordance. Methods: Using Palliative Care Quality Network data, 15 inpatient teams were identified in California that had collected data on patient race/ethnicity and language. Patient and clinician data were analyzed using means and medians for continuous variables, and chi-squared tests to explore similarities and differences between clinician and patient data. Results: 51 clinicians from nine teams completed the survey. The largest non-White and non-English speaking groups among patients and clinicians identified as Hispanic/Latinx (31.5% of patients, 16.3% of clinicians) and as Spanish speakers (22.6% of patients, 7.5% of clinicians). There was a significantly higher proportion of Hispanic/Latinx patients compared to clinicians (p-value 0.01), with Southern California demonstrating the largest difference (30.4% of patients vs. 10.7 % of clinicians, p-value 0.01). Similar proportions of patients and clinicians reported Spanish fluency (22.6% vs 27.5%, p-value 0.31). Discussion: We found significant differences in the racial/ethnic distributions of Hispanic/Latinx patients and clinicians in California, prompting consideration of whether a lack of representation of Hispanic/Latinx clinicians relative to the patient population may contribute to lower palliative care utilization among Hispanic/Latinx patients.
Parental Perception of Oral Health and Oral Health Status of Pediatric Patients Attending an Urban Craniofacial Center
Authors: DeJonge Lydia , Kratunova Evelina , Wang Heng , Patel Pravin , Avenetti David , Alrayyes Sahar
Published: April 2023

Objective

The objectives of this study were to assess the oral health status and parental perception of oral health needs of pediatric patients in an urban Craniofacial Center.

Design

This research utilized a prospective cross-sectional matched study design. The data was collected prospectively via clinical oral examinations measuring dental caries experience and gingival health status. Parental perception of oral health was assessed through a validated questionnaire.

Setting

The study was conducted at a Pediatric Dentistry Department and Craniofacial Center (CFC) in a large urban American city.

Patients/Participants

Participants were recruited and enrolled from a CFC and Pediatric Dental Clinic.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The outcome measures were the oral health status and parental perception thereof.

Results

CFC patients’ caries experience in primary teeth was significantly lower than that of a healthy matched cohort, but statistically similar in permanent teeth. CFC patients had significantly higher unmet dental treatment needs. CFC patients had poor oral hygiene and were shown to have significantly higher plaque levels and worse gingival health than that of a healthy matched cohort. Parental perception of oral health did not show a statistically significantly difference between the two groups.

Conclusions

Patients in our study in an urban CFC were found to have a high unmet dental and poor oral hygiene. Despite the poor oral health status, parents of children with craniofacial anomalies did perceive their oral health as different from a matched cohort of patients without these conditions.