bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis and treatment of oral inflammatory diseases
Authors: Abdullaeva Albina I. , Olesova Valentina N. , Akopov David Yu. , Olesov Egor E. , Abdullaev Serazhutdin A.
Published: November 2024

Oral inflammatory diseases (OIDs) include various prevalent conditions, such as periodontal disease and pulpitis. The most common causes of OIDs are microorganisms, injuries, occlusion factors, autoimmune diseases, and radiation therapy. If not treated properly, these diseases not only affect the oral health, but may also compromise the overall well-being. Thus, early detection of OIDs and new treatment strategies are key challenges of oral therapy research.
Mitochondria are essential organelles for numerous cellular processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction not only affects cell metabolism, but also has an indirect impact on health and life expectancy. Several common polygenic diseases, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in the development and progression of OIDs and associated systemic diseases.
This review provides critical insights into mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in inflammatory reactions in OIDs.
Experience of using multimodal opioid-saving anesthesia in children: single-center prospective randomized study
Authors: Tsintsadze Anastasia A. , Matinyan Nune V. , Balandin Vladimir V. , Belousova Ekaterina I. , Kovaleva Ekaterina A. , Slinin Alexey S. , Letyagin Ivan A.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: In the protocols of rapid recovery after surgery, it is recommended to avoid long-term administration and/ or high doses of opioids in order to reduce the severity of their adverse reactions in the postoperative period. In this regard, opioid-sparing anesthesia (OSA) may become a promising approach to the treatment of cancer patients.
AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of multimodal OSA in the scheme “dexmedetomidine + ketamine (in subanesthetic doses) + lidocaine (intravenous infusion)” in pediatric oncosurgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center prospective randomized study involved 40 children aged 12 to 18 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the method of anesthesia: in group I (n =20), combined endotracheal anesthesia with opioids was performed, in group II (n =20) — multimodal OCA based on intravenous infusion of lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and subanesthetic doses of ketamine. The patients underwent extended operations in the head and neck area in the volume of thyroidectomy with fascial-sheath lymph dissection and excision of the central tissue of the neck from 2 sides.
RESULTS: With stable intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, the median total intraoperative need for analgesics in group II was: for lidocaine — 351 (289.6; 418.5) mg (which is 1.75 mg/kg per hour), for dexmedetomidine — 88.2 (38.5; 119.7) µ g, for ketamine — 21.6 (17.4; 27.3) mg. In group I, the median total intraoperative need for fentanyl was 273.7 (406; 240.9) µ g. In addition, in group I, the median amount required for postoperative analgesia of the synthetic opioid analgesic tramadol was 419 (365.6; 479) mg (which is 7.8 mg/kg; p =0.01). In group II, the median amount of lidocaine required for postoperative analgesia (1 mg/kg per hour) turned out to be 1377.3 (735.7; 1894) mg, while additional tramadol administration at a dose of 57.3 (28.5; 107.7) mg was required in only 7 (35%) patients.
CONCLUSION: Multimodal OSA based on dexmedetomidine, lidocaine, ketamine and sevoflurane is an effective and safe method of anesthesia in children from 12 to 18 years old, which is not inferior to opioid analgesics in the treatment of perioperative pain during surgical interventions on the thyroid and parathyroid glands in cancer patients, and also reduces the number of adverse reactions characteristic of opioids.
Contemporary methods of regional anesthesia in the surgical treatment of clavicle fractures: a narrative review
Authors: Adamenko Artem N. , Ezhevskaya Anna A.
Published: November 2024

Selecting an appropriate method of regional anesthesia for clavicle fracture surgery has become increasingly relevant due to a continued growth in contraindications for traditional upper limb nerve blocks. Factors such as chronic pulmonary dysfunction in post-COVID-19 patients, an increasing number of patients with severe respiratory failure from chronic obstructive lung disease, and upper limb injury-related impairments to lung function on the affected side have raised concerns that regional anesthesia might pose greater risks than benefits. We searched for publications in various electronic databases and libraries including PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE and others. The search yielded 904 sources, and this review includes data from 26 studies involving 3,391 patients who received one or another method of regional anesthesia and analgesia. Additional 29 references were analyzed to substantiate the relevance of the study. The review includes articles describing any methods of regional anesthesia used in clavicle surgeries for both adults and children, as well as articles on complications and side effects of these methods. The aim of the review was to search for methods of regional anesthesia for the surgical treatment of clavicle fractures, based on the analysis of modern literature. The literature review provided insights into the characteristics of traditional methods of regional anesthesia and introduced new techniques that can improve patient comfort and safety during clavicle surgery.
Application of cryoanalgesia for accelerated rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty: review
Authors: Pinchuk Nikita E. , Ushakov Alexey A. , Antipin Eduard E. , Yakovenko Maxim P.
Published: November 2024

Cryoanalgesia is a modern and increasingly popular technique for managing acute and chronic pain. It involves the percutaneous insertion of a cryoprobe at extremely low temperatures to disrupt nerve function. This review attempts to summarize and evaluate the existing evidence on the benefits and safety of cryoneurolysis as a method of perioperative analgesia in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), with a focus on its role in accelerating patient rehabilitation.
The authors conducted a literature search across databases including PubMed (MEDLINE), eLibrary.Ru, Google Scholar, Springer Library, Cochrane Library, and Wiley Online Library, covering the period from 2014 to 2024. Fifteen articles on the use of cryoanalgesia in TKA were identified and analyzed. The data obtained were summarized and interpreted. The analysis indicated that cryoanalgesia is a promising approach for prolonged perioperative pain control as part of a multimodal analgesia strategy. A clinically significant advantage of cryoneurolysis may be the early rehabilitation of patients after surgery. However, the significant risk of systematic bias and clinical heterogeneity in the existing literature precludes a reliable quantitative assessment of any efficacy measures. Future studies should ensure transparent and unbiased reporting of treatment parameters and outcomes to improve scientific reproducibility.
The effectiveness of combined anesthesia compared to general anesthesia in thyroid and parathyroid surgery: a single-center prospective randomized study
Authors: Alekseev Anton A. , Yavorovsky Andrey G. , Ovechkin Aleksey M. , Useinov Andrey V. , Maksimova Anastasia A.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND. Surgeries involving the anterior neck (thyroidectomy, carotidectomy, plastic surgery, etc.) are widespread in Russia. Developing effective anesthesiological strategies for these procedures is a key goal in modern anesthesiology. The introduction of combined regional anesthesia techniques into surgical practice may help to minimize postoperative complications including severe pain syndrome, postoperative nausea, and vomiting.
AIM. To compare the effectiveness of combined anesthesia (general + regional) with general anesthesia alone in thyroid and parathyroid gland surgeries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. In a prospective randomized study, 60 patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid gland surgery were divided into two groups. Group 1 received general anesthesia combined with internal fascia of the neck block, bilateral block of the superficial branches of the cervical plexus, and block of ligament of Berry under ultrasound guidance. Group 2 received only general anesthesia. Hemodynamic profiles, plasma cortisol levels, fentanyl consumption, postoperative pain intensity, need for additional analgesia, and recovery time were evaluated.
RESULTS. Compared to the group receiving only general anesthesia, patients receiving combined (general + regional) anesthesia showed a decrease in fentanyl consumption (p 0.0001), lower plasma cortisol levels 12 hours post-extubation (p =0.0439), a reduction in median pain intensity after tracheal extubation 3 and 12 hours after surgery (p =0.0190, p 0.0001), as well as a twofold reduction in time from the end of surgery to extubation (p =0.0001). Additionally, patients in the combined anesthesia group had higher scores on the Aldrete recovery scale, indicating a quicker readiness for transfer to the recovery ward (p =0.0114).
CONCLUSION. The study demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of combined anesthesia in thyroid and parathyroid surgery, which provides adequate anesthetic protection for patients.
Anesthesia for thyroid surgery and the possible role of regional blocks
Authors: Alekseev Anton А. , Politov Mikhail Е. , Ovechkin Аlexei М. , Sozonova Ekaterina А. , Yavorovskiy Andrey G.
Published: November 2024

The number of thyroid surgeries is increasing annually. The choice of anesthetic approach influences the speed and quality of postoperative recovery and affects the risk of complications. This review presents data from clinical studies and meta-analyses regarding the impact of various anesthesia methods in thyroid surgery on surgical stress response, hormonal status, and complication risk. The findings indicate that regional anesthesia techniques help to reduce postoperative pain intensity, nausea and vomiting, and the incidence of chronic postoperative pain syndrome. Incorporating regional anesthesia techniques into enhanced recovery after surgery protocols for thyroid surgery helps reduce hospital stay duration and treatment costs. The superficial cervical plexus block is a well-studied, simple, and safe technique, while the intermediate cervical plexus block is less studied but considered safe. The deep cervical plexus block is associated with a higher risk of serious complications. Advancements in ultrasound-guided anesthesia have enabled the use of previously inaccessible regional techniques. Potentially beneficial methods for thyroid surgery include pericapsular block and block of ligament of Berry. Further research is required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these methods.
Chronic postoperative pain syndrome and its neuropathic component in long-term period of coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Paromov Konstantin V. , Volkov Dmitriy A. , Svirskii Dmitrii A. , Lychakov Andrei V. , Salakhov Vadim A. , Kirov Mikhail Yu.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Along with increased safety and quality of the early postoperative period, 6.9% of patients who undergo sternotomy experience chronic pain at the surgical site. The significance of this issue is underestimated, with a third of these patients developing a neuropathic component of chronic pain syndrome.
AIM: To assess the severity of acute and chronic postoperative pain following sternotomy and to identify predictors of the neuropathic component of chronic pain syndrome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of 115 patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) randomized according to method of anesthesia, two study groups were formed based on the results of a telephone survey: a general anesthesia group (GA, n =28) and a combined anesthesia group (CA, n =34). As part of the post hoc analysis, a logistic regression model was built to predict chronic neuropathic pain syndrome based on gender, age, anesthesia method, and factors assessing the severity of the perioperative period and myocardial impairment.
RESULTS: Chronic postoperative pain syndrome was identified in 25.8% of patients, with a neuropathic component confirmed in 19.4% of cases. Pain severity at rest in the GA and CA groups was 2.0 (1.0) and 3.0 (3.0) points on a numeric rating scale one hour after extubation, and 2.0 (2.0) and 2.0 (2.0) points by the end of the first postoperative day (p =0.193 and 0.610, respectively). The logistic regression model achieved an AUROC of 0,82 (95% CI 0,68–0,96) with χ 2 (10)=10.62, p =0.39.
CONCLUSIONS: Neuropathic pain was diagnosed in 19.4% of patients following CABG. The use of regional anesthesia and the severity of acute pain did not impact the development of neuropathic pain syndrome in the long-term period after surgery. The proposed model for predicting the neuropathic component of chronic pain syndrome after CABG requires further improvement.
Therapeutic Applications of Xenon (Literature Review).
Authors: Politov Mikhail , Zolotova Elizaveta , Podprugina Sofia , Nogtev Pavel , Agakina Yulia , Yavorovskiy Andrey G.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Xenon is a noble gas with unique properties that make it an attractive anesthetic agent. In addition to its anesthetic and analgesic effects, xenon has demonstrated organ-protective properties in preclinical studies, suggesting potential therapeutic applications beyond anesthesia. This review aims to systematically evaluate the available clinical evidence on the therapeutic use of xenon, focusing on its effects on various organ systems.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in medical databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and eLIBRARY.RU. Original clinical studies evaluating the therapeutic use of xenon were included and analyzed.
Results: The review identified several areas of potential therapeutic application for xenon:
1. Neuroprotection: Xenon has shown promise in reducing neurological injury and improving outcomes in patients with conditions such as cardiac arrest, traumatic brain injury, and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. However, the clinical evidence remains limited, and larger randomized controlled trials are ongoing to further evaluate its efficacy.
2. Cardioprotection: Xenon has been found to attenuate myocardial injury and improve cardiac function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery or experiencing cardiac arrest, potentially through its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
3. Addiction treatment: Inhalation of xenon has been investigated for its potential to alleviate withdrawal symptoms and cravings in patients with opioid and alcohol dependence, with some studies suggesting beneficial effects on cognitive function and mood.
4. Psychiatric applications: Preliminary evidence suggests that xenon may have anxiolytic and antidepressant properties, with potential applications in the treatment of panic disorder and other mood disorders.
Conclusion: The available clinical data indicate that xenon may have therapeutic potential beyond its use as an anesthetic agent. However, further well-designed, large-scale studies are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of xenon in various clinical settings and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of its organ-protective and psychoactive effects.
Adult development morphology and pupae, larval and damage of Alfalfa Weevil Hypera postica (Gyllenhal 1813) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Özyurt Koçakoğlu Nurcan , Candan Selami , Arslan Hicret , Güllü Mustafa
Published: November 2024

In this study, adult developmental morphology and the pupal, and larval of Hypera postica (Gyllenhal 1813) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which is a harmful species in alfalfa, and its damage in alfalfa were investigated using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. H. postica eggs are yellowish in color and relatively small. The head of H. postica larvae is oval. Larvae are yellowish-greenish in color. The larvae have a longitudinal white stripe on the back. The body of the larvae is segmented and has setae on it. Larvae change from yellowish-greenish to brown in the larval to the prepupal stage. At this stage, it has a C-shaped appearance. Numerous setae are distinguished on the head and other parts of the body. H. postica pupae are yellow. The cocoon structure is transparent and reticulate, appearing as intertwined perforated bands of different thicknesses. The body color of H. postica adults appears bright and contrasting. The body structure of adult H. postica is covered with scales, and two different scales were found. H. postica reduces the yield and quality of alfalfa in many parts of the world and causes economic losses. This study aimed to determine the developmental morphology of this economically important alfalfa pest and contribute to the development of more effective control methods against this pest.
Gross Hematuria Following Fetal Head Engagement in a Pregnant Woman with Glanzman Syndrome
Authors: Zafarbakhsh Azam , Poorpouneh Mohadese , Rafiee Samira
Published: November 2024

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare genetic platelet disorder that leads tobleeding problems in affected individuals. We present a 28-year-old woman withGT who experienced a rare symptom of painless gross hematuria in the last monthof pregnancy. To provide the best care, an interdisciplinary approach was followedby a team of obstetricians and gynecologists, hematologists, neonatologists, andanesthesiologists. The IUGR fetus was delivered by cesarean section and had mildacidosis and thrombocytopenia at birth. Both the baby and the mother were carefullycared for and treated. Hematuria also improved spontaneously within two weeks afterdelivery.Gross hematuria during pregnancy rarely occurs due to the pressure of the presentingpart of the fetus on the mother’s bladder (due to engagement). Aggravation of anyclinical symptoms in pregnant women with GT should alert maternal and fetal healthcare providers to make individualized decisions.
Triple Trouble: Acute Appendicitis with Right Testicular Torsion and Concurrent Right Inguinoscrotal Hernia- A Case Report
Authors: Rahman Mohd Shafiq
Published: November 2024

Acute appendicitis commonly presents with right iliac fossa pain. However, it may present with right scrotal pain and swelling, which may be confused with other scrotal pathologies such as orchitis, scrotal abscess, and testicular torsion. Acute appendicitis in children and adolescents may present with scrotal pain due to inflammatory intraperitoneal fluid tracking down into the scrotal sac via a patent processus vaginalis. In rare cases, acute appendicitis may present concurrently with testicular torsion, making the diagnosis much more challenging. Herein, we present an even rarer case of acute appendicitis with right testicular torsion and concurrent right inguinoscrotal hernia.
Two-year Local and Distant Control of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (MPNST) in NF1 Patients After Multiple Recurrences: A Case Report
Authors: Farzin Mostafa , Jafari Atemeh , Yousefi Ava
Published: November 2024

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare, biologically high-grade sarcomas that tend to recur and metastasize. The known risk factors for MPNSTs include neurofibromatosis type 1, highly aggressive MPNSTs, and dismal survival outcomes. Multimodality therapies, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and combination therapy, are available. This case report describes a young woman with NF1 who was referred to us with a history of three local recurrences of MPNSTs in the proximal part of her left thigh after several surgical attempts. Successful local and distant control was achieved via preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy prior to the latest surgery. With preoperative RT and chemotherapy, more long-term and successful local and distant control was achieved, particularly in high-risk NF1- associated MPNST patients with a history of recurrence. Trials with larger sample sizes may show improvements in local control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) with neoadjuvant interventions in such patients.
The First Case of Bernard-Soulier Syndrome Presenting with Isolated Hemoptysis and Probable Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Karimi Amirali , Momtazmanesh Sara , Shirani Aryan , Pazooki Behshad
Published: November 2024

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is a rare platelet function disorder due to an impaired GPIb-V-IX complex, with an estimated incidence of one per million. Usual presentations include gingival bleeding, epistaxis, easy bruising, and post-traumatic excessive bleeding, among others, but not hemoptysis. The patient was a 46-year-old male who presented with three cups of hemoptysis two days before the presentation. He also had moderate burning chest pain for the past two weeks, which was getting better. He was diagnosed with BSS 45 years ago and had approximately 100 prior presentations for bleeding from various locations, including three prior episodes of hemoptysis. The mainstay of treatment was platelet transfusions, and the patient was carefully observed. Only one case of hemoptysis in a patient with BSS was found, but the patient had hemoptysis due to underlying pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, hemoptysis or DAH were never reported in the literature due to BSS. This patient was the first case of massive hemoptysis and possible DAH related to BSS, emphasizing the need for proper attention due to its possible detrimental outcomes.
Fanconi Syndrome Due to Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in a Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B Induced Cirrhosis: A Case Report
Authors: Khodabakhshi Milad , Pazooki Behshad
Published: November 2024

We present a 63-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis B. The patient has a history of cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis B and is under treatment with Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. The patient presented to our center with nausea, vomiting, and severe metabolic acidosis. After initial evaluation, along with the typical course of events and the exclusion of differential diagnoses of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, we determined that the cause of illness was related to Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. All our practical and laboratory data supported a diagnosis of proximal tubular acidosis. After discontinuing the drug for two weeks and providing supportive management, metabolic acidosis and electrolyte imbalance improved. The other isoform of Tenofovir (Tenofovir alafenamide) was initiated for the patient, and after two months of follow- up, there were no signs of acidosis or electrolyte imbalance
The Rare Instance of Uterine Adenocarcinoma Metastasizing to the Skull Base, Manifesting as Blindness and Ptosis
Authors: Sanayepasand Zahra , Irani Shirin , Firouzifar Mohammadreza , Seyednia Seyede Misha , Heidari Farrokh
Published: November 2024

Metastasis to the skull base is a rare but serious complication of various malignancies. This case report discusses a 50-year-old woman with a history of advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma who presented with progressive headache, left-eye blindness, and ptosis. Imaging revealed a mass along the left optic nerve, raising suspicions of mucormycosis, but biopsy confirmed metastatic endometrial adenocarcinoma. Despite undergoing skull base radiotherapy, the patient’s vision did not improve. This case underscores the importance of considering metastatic endometrial adenocarcinoma in differential diagnoses for skull base lesions, particularly when other conditions are ruled out. Accurate diagnosis requires careful integration of clinical, radiological, and histopathological data.
Herbal Fertility Remedies Leading to Massive Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report
Authors: Bhia Iman , Seraj Aryan , Alirezaei Toktam
Published: November 2024

The rising use of herbal medicines raises concerns about their safety and effectiveness. This case report involves a 55-year-old male who developed shortness of breath and chest discomfort after using herbal substances and sildenafil for erectile dysfunction and infertility. He was diagnosed with a massive acute pulmonary embolism (PE) via CT angiography and treated with alteplase, followed by oral apixaban after discharge. The herbal substances included carob, ginger, red ginseng, and others. This case highlights the need to investigate how herbal remedies may affect hormone balance and contribute to cardiovascular risks, particularly PE.
Application of Nanomaterials in Food Packaging: A Review Study
Authors: Sadeghizadeh-Yazdi J. , Nayik G.A. , Hajimirzadeh M.S. , Akramzade N.
Published: November 2024

Nanotechnology is one of the unused innovations which has opened its way to different businesses, and is broadly utilized in several areas. One of these industries which play a crucial role in wellbeing of the community is bundling industry. This is a review study conducted on nanotechnology in food packaging. Data collection was based on study features, nanotechnology, nano-composites, and food packaging. The results of research studies have revealed that nanotechnology-based packaging was able to repair packages and prevent food spoilage. Advantages of nanotechnology in food industry, including the ability to enrich as well as encapsulate and preserve useful compounds for their controlled delivery to the target cell, the ability to cover undesirable flavors, the utilization of dynamic, and shrewdly packaging and its application in food quality and security diagnostics have encouraged using this technology. Using these packages will protect food against exchange of oxygen and moisture from the external. Furthermore, nano-materials can be used to protect food from spoilage. Natural polymers such as sugars and proteins are able to form green nano-composites in combination with nano-materials and biomaterials such as cellulose nanofibers, which are non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible, and are transformed into the environment by decomposing organisms. Knowing the capabilities of nanotechnology, it is hoped that the current food packaging systems can be modified and products can be introduced to the community in accordance with the culture of proper nutrition.
Effects of Processing and Preservation Technologies on Keeping Quality of Labeo rohita: Attributes of Nutritional, Microbial and Sensory
Authors: Arefin M.S. , Akther S. , Rahman N. , Begum M. , Sarwar N.
Published: November 2024

Background: Fishes being major sources of protein are susceptible to post-harvest losses. Appropriate processing and preservation makes food healthier, safer, tastier, and more shelf-stable. Therefore, an attempt was made to evaluate the effectiveness of different processing and preservation technologies on keeping quality of Labeo rohita (rohu fish), a widely found ray-finned species in South Asia that is important for aquaculture.
Methods: Raw fish fillets were subjected to different processing and preservation technologies including freezing, sun drying, mechanical drying, salting, microwave processing, and marinating to determine their effects on keeping quality. Consequently, sensorial attributes, proximate composition, mineral (calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn)) contents and microbiological analyses were carried out. Obtained data were analyzed statistically and compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Fisher’s LSD test at 5% level of significance.
Results: The moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate contents were 13.01-77.29, 8.62-52.57, 0.86-18.69, 1.34-12.72, and 1.13-27.22%, respectively in different processing and preservation technologies. Drying manifested to be the efficient method in terms of preserving proteins and fats while retention of sensory attributes was obtained in freezing. The contents of Ca, Fe, and Zn were 120.05-227.97, 0.54-1.14, and 0.72-2.04 mg/100 g, respectively. In addition, maximum retention of Zn, Fe, and Ca contents were observed in freezing, sun drying, and marinating, respectively. Furthermore, total bacterial count was in the range of 0-2.6×104 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g and no coliforms were detected in any of the raw and processed fish fillets. Results of microbiological study revealed that microwave processing is highly efficient to reduce microbial loads in processed fish.
Conclusion: Combination of different processing and preservation technologies might be useful to the efficient management of fishery resources. Therefore, further research into these combinations is essential to ensure that the nutritional value of fish is preserved.
Developing Flowcharts for Hazard Analysis in Seafood Retail: Critical Control Point Verification
Authors: Seki H.
Published: November 2024

Background: Implementing Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) management across the supply chain is promoted globally to ensure the safety of marine food products due to their rapid quality deterioration. However, many seafood retail stores deviate from adopting these practices. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to create a flowchart based on HACCP and validate it in retail stores.
Methods: Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus), scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis), and whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) specimens were purchased from a supermarket from August to December 2020. The handling information of these products from receipt to sales was obtained to prepare an HACCP plan for retail stores. Groups adhering to and deviating from flowchart conditions were categorized as Critical Control Point (CCP)-compliant and CCP-deviant, respectively. Four samples of each product for each condition were analyzed. Bacterial viability was evaluated using the flat agar culture method. Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were detected using the Brilliant Green-Lactose-Bile and material point methods, respectively. Product freshness was assessed by determining K-values using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results were compared using Student’s t-test.
Results: At elevated storage temperatures, bacterial growth rates were higher in chub mackerel and whiteleg shrimp than those in scallops. E. coli was not detected in any sample, whereas V. parahaemolyticus was detected in scallops and whiteleg shrimp but not in chub mackerel. CCP-deviant refrigerated scallops had increased V. parahaemolyticus counts; however, it did not differ between the frozen scallop and whiteleg shrimp. K-values increased more rapidly in CCP-deviant chub mackerel, whiteleg shrimp, and refrigerated scallops, but not in frozen scallops. Inadequate temperature control during display and sale markedly deteriorated the quality of marine products.
Conclusion: Setting CCPs for marine food product display and sale while controlling temperature can preserve product quality. The flowchart created in this study can be broadly used for marine retail stores.
Molecular Typing of Potentially Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Fresh Pasta Filata Venezuelan Cheeses
Authors: Varela-Rangel Y.Y. , Guillén L. , Cuadra-Sánchez C. , Araque M.
Published: November 2024

Background. Fresh pasta filata cheese is considered as one of the most important foods in the Venezuelan diet. It is typically produced by small-scale producers using raw milk. The objective of this research was to molecularly characterize the pathogenic potential of Escherichia coli strains isolated from pasta filata cheese manufactured and marketed in Venezuela.
Methodology. In the period between January and March of 2019, a total of 36 strains of E. coli were isolated from a variety of pasta filata cheeses including 17 samples of mozzarella, 16 of telita, and 3 of guayanés. These strains were isolated according to the Venezuelan Commission of Industrial Standards (COVENIN) and identified by conventional methods (biochemical and phenotypic tests). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion technique. Phylogenetic grouping and detection of virulence genes were performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction amplification. Diversity and genetic relationships were determined by Rep-PCR.
Results: All strains were susceptible to the tested antibiotics. Phylogroup A (n=19) was the most frequent (52.8%), followed by groups D (n=11; 30.6%), and B1 (n=2; 5.6%). The majority of isolates carried at least two virulence genes, one coding for adhesion mechanisms (fimH) and the other for iron uptake (fyuA). Only one strain of phylogroup A presented a profile consisting of four virulence genes (fimH, fyuA, kpsMT II, and papAH). Four strains that could not be classified according to Clermont's scheme carried resistance genes as well. A heterogeneous population structure was observed by Rep-PCR of the strains.
Conclusion: Results support the hypothesis that the E. coli strains isolated from the three types of pasta filata cheeses manufactured and marketed in Venezuela have identical characteristics and virulence factors to Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli strains observed in animals and humans, posing a potential health risk. Therefore, it is essential to improve hygienic and sanitary controls at all stages of cheese production and to implement measures for epidemiological surveillance of potentially pathogenic bacterial strains present in Venezuelan, artisanal pasta filata cheeses.
Extraction and Characterization of Chitosan from Snail Shells (Achatina fulica)
Authors: Tertsegha S. , Akubor P.I. , Iordekighir A.A. , Christopher K. , Okike O.O.
Published: November 2024

Background: Chitosan due to biodegradable and non-toxic characteristics has versatile applications. Extraction and characterization of Chitosan from Snail Shells In January, 2023 Achatina fulica was performed.
Methods: A chemical process involving demineralization and deproteinization was utilized to extract 2000g Chitin from Achatina fulica shells. To produce chitosan, the chitin was subjected to deacetylation. The chitosan was subsequently characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The physicochemical charactristics and mineral compositionswere investigated and the data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0.
Results: The chitosan obtained  from the process was 75%. It exhibited a Degree Of Deacetylation of 82.31%, a molecular weight of 2.65×105 g/mol, an intrinsic viscosity of 1,007.2 mg/g, and a solubility of 70%. The pH value of chitosan in acetic acid solution was recorded at 6.38, with a solubility of 70%. The proximate analysis revealed moisture, ash, fat, protein, crude fiber, and carbohydrate contents of 0.32, 0.72, 2.01, 0.13, 0.15, and 96.67%, respectively.The mineral analysis revealed sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc concentrations of 32.10, 21.80, 721, 288.60, 123.75, 41.77, and 8.48 mg/g, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis identified the region  characterized by the presence of calcite and calcium phosphate, indicating residual minerals in the extracted chitosan, which contribute to its crystalline structure. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy demonstrated  functional groups such as amino and hydroxyl groups, whereas Scanning Electron Microscopy reported an irregular particle size with rough surfaces and a microfibrillar crystalline structure.
Conclusion: The current investigation has the potential to promote the sustainable use of a locally abundant yet underutilized resource, assisting in waste reduction and creation of innovative bioactive materials which could be applied in food preservation, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices.
Quality of Reused Frying Oils from Various Fried Food Vendors in Ho Municipality
Authors: Aboagye G. , Sotobe B.A. , Danyo R.E. , Annan-Asare J. , Tuah B. , Daitey E.A. , Jato J.
Published: November 2024

Background: Frying makes food tasty; therefore, most people prefer the intake of fried foods to unfried foods. Oil for frying is mostly used again due to cost, and this can pose health hazards to the consumer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of reused frying oils.
Methods: Twenty samples of reused oils collected from fried food vendors in May 2021. Using an experimental study, the samples were analysed and Peroxide, Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Saponification, Iodine Values as well as rancidity and beta carotene were determined. Data from laboratory assays were analysed with Microsoft excel 2013 and SPSS v.26.0.
Results: Moisture content was observed to decrease as median from 1.19% (0.20-4.04%) for oils reused after a day to 0.60% for oils reused after 2 days with a significant effect (p-value=0.049), indicating that the quality of reused frying oil was affected by repeated use. The moisture content was also observed to be higher in oils in which plant products were fried compared to those in which animal products were fried. The Peroxide Value was recorded as 16.80 (5.80-55.80) and 21.90 (11.50-32.30) mEq/kg for oils with 10-20 and 21-40 min frying times, respectively; whilst their moisture content decreased from 0.97 (0.19-2.55) to 0.68% (0.60-0.77%) for 10-20 and 21-40 min, respectively. The authors also observed that factors such as the duration of reuse and storage after frying, conditions of storage, type of food fried in the oil, and the period of frying per food batch impacted the quality attributes of the reused oils. The FFA composition for instance increased with the duration of use of the oils. Furthermore, oils stored in plastic bottles recorded higher FFA values compared to those stored in frying pans.
Conclusion: The findings show the need for fried food vendors to reduce the duration of storage of reused frying oil, and avoid storage conditions that expose oils to excess light. Also, the development of quality standards for highly patronised oils needs to be established to ascertain the impact of low-temperature long-time and high-temperature short-time treatments of the oils among non-existent jurisdictions.
Existence of Synthetic Dyes in Foodstuffs: A Retrospective Study of Food Safety Concerns
Authors: Vayghan R. Sakooei , Saatloo N. Vakili , Armioon M.R. , Sepahi S.
Published: November 2024

Background: The use of additives, especially food colors, has attracted the attention of food industries. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively investigate the use of food colors in food products offered in Urmia, Iran.
Methods: In this study, 451 samples of different types of food were collected from Urmia (April 2019-February 2022). To identify the color type, the Thin Layer Chromatography method was used. The samples included a confections (dry sweets), saffron noghl, saffron halva (a type of confectionery originating from Persia and widely spread throughout the Middle East), saffron-flavored rice and chicken, fruit ice cream, traditional saffron-flavored ice cream, fruit drinks, and saffron solutions. These products were produced from establishments engaged in the production and distribution of food and confections, restaurants, halva manufacturing workshops, traditional ice cream production workshops, and coffeehouses. Statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS software (IBM SPSS statistic 16, USA).
Results: Within the group of synthetic dyes analyzed, quinoline yellow, sunset yellow, carmoisine, and tartarazine were identified as the most commonly used synthetic colorants in the examined food products. Findings also showed that rice and saffron chicken samples had the highest average frequency of tartarazine used among the studied food groups (41.66±1.88%). The highest mean frequency of yellow quinoline consumption was also observed in samples of saffron halva (57.27±3.86%), various types of dry sweets (55.50±0.7%), and saffron noghl (52.50±3.53%). Sunset yellow had a low frequency in all groups except saffron ice cream and fruit drinks (p=0.086). The findings showed that the highest average frequency of carmoisine synthetic color consumption was related to saffron ice cream (25±1.41%) and fruit drinks (23.80±2.54%) among the studied food groups.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that approximately 30% of the tested samples, except fruit drinks, contained synthetic colorants.
Food additives Food coloring agents Food ingredients Chromatography, Thin Layer Iran
Authors: Sultana S. , Hosen A. , Afsana A.S. , Sultana S. , Pehan E.A. , Islam A. , Sultana N. , Hassan M.R.
Published: November 2024

Background: The sources of milk play a significant role on overall milk quality. Therefore, the current study was intended to evaluate the quality (physiochemical, compositional, and microbiological) and detect the adulterants in milk.
Methods: A total of 200 milk samples were collected during mid of October to mid of December 2022 from four sources viz. Farmgate (50), Milkman (50), Bazar (50), and Branded packet milk (50). Milk samples were examined for various physiochemical, compositional, microbiological properties, and existence of adulterants. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and differences were determined by least significant difference test using RStudio.
Results: Physiochemical analysis found significant variation in titratable acidity, protein, fat, salt, Solids-Not-Fat, and Total-Solids content among the sources (p<0.05), while lactose content was found non-significant. The highest (0.17%) and the lowest (0.13%) values for acidity were found in samples obtained from Milkman and Branded packet milk, respectively. Milk sample collected from Farmgate was found significantly higher in protein, fat, lactose, Solids-Not-Fat, and Total-Solids content than the other sources. In microbiological analysis, significant lower Total Viable Count, Total Coliform Count, and Escherichia coli Count were observed in Branded packet milk compared to the milk from Farmgate, Milkman, and Bazar source (p<0.001). In adulteration examinations, only neutralizers (sodium carbonate and bicarbonate) and nitrates were found positive in milk sample collected from Milkman, Farmgate, and Bazar, and their frequency was varied significantly (p<0.001). Overall, the milk obtained from Farmgate was better in terms of nutrient composition and physiochemical properties than the other sources but in respect to microbiological quality, Branded packet milk was found more hygienic.
Conclusion: The study found that the variance in milk sources led to changes in the microbial load, physical appearance, and nutritional content of milk. The present study investigated that the addition of different adulterants and variation in time interval (milking to selling) are the main reasons for the deterioration of milk.
Investigating the Overaction of the Inferior Oblique Muscle and Associated Vertical Strabismus: Indications, Timing, and Methods of Surgical Intervention
Authors: Khorrami-Nejad Masoud , Masoomian Babak , Saad Safa Dyaa , Noori Ahmed Mohammed , Khodair Ahmed , Gheibi Ali , Kangari Haleh , Boromand Mohammad Ghasemi
Published: November 2024

Treatment of the vertical strabismus due to the overaction of the inferior oblique extraocular muscle usually requires surgical intervention. In addition to the cosmetic issues, the main indications for surgical treatment of the inferior oblique overaction are the presence of cyclotropia and torsional diplopia. Most procedures target the weakening of the inferior oblique muscle; however, there is the risk of some intraoperative and postoperative complications, including highly invasive procedures, difficulty of technical implementation because of the need for manipulations in inaccessible locations of the globe near the optic nerve, macular area, and large vessels, long duration of the surgery, inability to determine the dosage of the outcomes of the surgery, and poor functional outcomes. Most complications are absent in the procedure of anterior transposition in which the neuro-fibrovascular bundle serves as the axis of rotation of the inferior oblique muscle. This technique changes the inferior oblique muscle’s action field and increases treatment effectiveness. Despite the advantages of this technique, its application is still limited because of the lack of methods for controlling the amount of anterior transposition to treat inferior oblique overaction, particularly of small degrees.
Investigating the Association of Computer Vision Syndrome with Forward-Headed and Kyphotic Posture Among Undergraduate Information Technology Student
Authors: Noonari Muhammad Haris , Noonari Sajida Bibi , Samejo Bakhtawar
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Computers and visual display devices have become indispensable in our daily lives. The frequent use of these devices has led to the emergence of computer vision syndrome (CVS). Coupled with poor ergonomics, musculoskeletal diseases are on the rise due to excessive computer use. Accordingly, this study investigates the association between CVS and forward-headed and kyphotic posture in undergraduate IT students.
Materials and Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study involving 300 undergraduate IT students. We used a modified CVS questionnaire to assess CVS and the Kinovea software to diagnose forward head posture. We also used the occiput wall distance test to assess kyphosis.
Results: In this study, a majority of undergraduate students (88%, 264 out of 300) exhibited CVS, resulting in forward head posture and kyphosis. There was a significant association between CVS, forward head posture, and kyphosis.
Conclusion: Computer vision syndrome is strongly associated with forward head posture and kyphosis. Prolonged computer device usage leads to changes in body posture, affecting the neck, shoulders, elbows, wrists/hands, upper back, and lower back.
Investigating the Correlations between Patient Demographics and Complications Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Farrokhi Navvab , Akbari Mohammad , Farahini Hossein , Saneii Seyed Hassan
Published: November 2024

Introduction: This study investigates the relationship between patient age, gender, and various complications, such as pain, restricted range of motion (ROM), and hemorrhage following total knee arthroplasty.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 62 patients (Mean±SD age= 65.9±7.38 years; female participants=74.2%) who underwent total knee arthroplasty at Atieh Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between 2020 and 2021. Pain levels were assessed using the numerical pain rating score. Meanwhile, knee joint ROM was evaluated using a reliable mobile application. Hemorrhage was measured through knee joint drainage. Statistical analyses were performed to analyze the data.
Results: Women reported higher pain levels and more restricted ROM in passive knee extension and active/passive knee flexion compared to men (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between genders in active knee extension and hemorrhage. A significant inverse correlation was found between pain and ROM in passive knee extension (rho=-0.41, P≤0.001), as well as in active (rho=-0.5, P≤0.001) and passive knee flexion (rho=
-0.59, P≤0.001). However, no significant relationship was observed between pain and active knee extension or hemorrhage. Age showed no statistically significant correlation with the other variables.
Conclusion: This study highlights the association between higher pain levels and greater ROM restrictions in passive knee extension and active/passive knee flexion following total knee arthroplasty; however, patient age and gender were not found to be associated with postoperative hemorrhage. These findings underscore the importance of closely monitoring pain and ROM, particularly in women undergoing total knee arthroplasty.