bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of a handheld device for analysis of blood electrolyte concentrations and blood gas partial pressures in dogs and horses
Authors: Looney Andrea L. , Ludders John , Erb Hollis N. , Gleed Robin , Moon Paula
Published: December 2023

Objective

To compare, for blood samples from dogs and horses, blood electrolyte concentrations, blood gas partial pressures, and Hct obtained using a handheld analyzer with those obtained using a standard chemistry analyzer and to compare results obtained with the handheld analyzer using warm versus cold test cartridges.

Design

Case series with analysis of split samples.

Sample Population

Blood samples from 22 dogs and 17 horses.

Procedure

Sodium, potassium, ionized calcium, bicarbonate, and total CO2 concentrations, pH, Po2, Pco2, base excess, and Hct were determined by use of a handheld analyzer and test cartridges that had been allowed to warm to ambient temperature or had been recently removed from a refrigerator. Results were compared with those from a standard chemistry analyzer by use of linear regression.

Results

For canine samples, values obtained with the handheld analyzer and warm cartridges were highly correlated (r2 ≥ 0.83) with values obtained with the standard chemistry analyzer, except for sodium concentration (r2 = 0.6). For equine samples, values obtained with the handheld analyzer and warm cartridges were highly correlated (r2 ≥ 0.79) with values obtained with the standard chemistry analyzer, except for Hct (r2 = 0.38). For all samples, results obtained with cold and warm cartridges were moderately correlated (r2 ≥ 0.69).

Clinical Implications

Results obtained with the handheld analyzer were similar to those obtained from the standard chemistry analyzer, with the exception of sodium concentration for canine samples and Hct for equine samples. Results were not substantially affected by use of cold, rather than warm, test cartridges. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:526-530)
Retinal degeneration associated with vitamin E deficiency in hunting dogs
Authors: Davidson M. G. , Geoly F J. , Gilger B. C. , McLellan G. J. , Whitley W.
Published: December 2023

Nutritional deficiency of vitamin E in dogs can lead to oxidative damage and degeneration of the photoreceptors of the retina.

Clinical and pathologic changes associated with vitamin E deficiency in dogs are similar to those described for central progressive retinal atrophy and equine lower motor neuron disease, which suggests that these diseases share a common pathogenesis.
Passive transfer, rate of decay, and protein specificity of antibodies against equine arteritis virus in horses from a Standardbred herd with high seroprevalence
Authors: Hullinger Pamela J. , Wilson W. David , Rossitto Paul V , Patton John F , Thurmond Mark C. , MacLachlan N. James
Published: December 2023

Objective—

To determine rate of decay of passively acquired antibodies in Standardbred foals on a farm with a high seroprevalence to equine arteritis virus (EAV) and to determine whether vertical or horizontal transmission of the virus was responsible for infection on the farm.

Design—

Repeated-measures study.

Animals—

46 Standardbred horses (15 brood mares and their foals, 5 stallions, and 11 young horses).

Procedure—

Serum samples obtained from horses on the farm were evaluated by serum neutralization and western immunoblot analysis to detect EAV-specific antibodies. The half-life of passively acquired antibodies in foals was estimated by use of regression analysis.

Results—

Most (14/15) of the mares evaluated were seropositive to EAV. After suckling, their foals were also seropositive. Mean biological half-life for passively acquired antibodies in serum samples obtained from foals was 32 days (r2 = 0.61). The foal born to a seronegative dam and all 11 young horses from the farm were seronegative to EAV. At least 2 of 5 stallions on the farm were persistently infected carriers that were shedding virus in their semen. Immunoblot analysis of seropositive serum samples most consistently recognized the Μ protein of EAV.

Clinical Implications—

Analysis of these data indicated that a modified-live EAV vaccine can be administered to foals after they are 8 months old without risk of interference from maternal antibodies, regardless of serologic status of the foal's dam. Horizontal transmission of EAV via the respiratory tract apparently was uncommon on the farm, indicating that mares primarily were infected by venereal transmission of virus from carrier stallions. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:839-842)
Arthroscopic removal of abaxial fracture fragments of the proximal sesamoid bones in horses: 47 cases (1989-1997)
Authors: Southwood Louise L. , Trotter Gayle W. , McIlwraith C. Wayne
Published: December 2023

Objective—

To determine the outcome of horses after arthroscopic removal of abaxial fracture fragments of the proximal sesamoid bone and association of fracture grade with outcome.

Design—

Retrospective study.

Animals—

47 horses.

Procedure—

Information obtained from dorsopalmar and dorsoplantar radiographic views of metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints was used to classify fractures as grade 1 (< 15 mm long), grade 2 (15 to 25 mm long), and grade 3 (> 25 mm long) and type 1 (abaxial) and type 2 (apical-abaxial). Outcome was determined by whether the horse returned to its intended use, raced in the same class or higher (racehorses), or performed satisfactorily (nonracehorses). Number of starts, performance index, and money earned were also used to evaluate performance of racehorses.

Results—

Follow-up information was obtained for 41 horses (35 racehorses, 6 nonracehorses). Twenty-five racehorses were able to return to racing (16 in the same class, 9 in a lower class). All 6 nonracehorses were able to return to performance at the same level. Horses with small fracture fragments or fractures involving the abaxial aspect of the proximal sesamoid bone only had a more favorable outcome, compared with horses with large or apical-abaxial fractures.

Clinical Implications—

Overall, horses with abaxial fractures of the proximal sesamoid bone have a favorable prognosis for return to racing, but only a fair prognosis for return to racing in the same class, after arthroscopic removal of fracture fragments. Successful results can be expected for nonracehorses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998:213:1016-1021)
Agreement between two methods for measuring urine pH in cats and dogs
Authors: Heuter Kerry J. , Buffington C. A. Tony , Chew Dennis J.
Published: December 2023

Objective—

To compare urine pH of cats and dogs determined by use of a dipstrip and a pH meter.

Design—

Prospective study.

Sample Population—

109 urine samples from 88 cats that were clinically normal or had signs of irritative urination, 52 samples from 13 clinically normal dogs, and 3 samples from 3 dogs with urinary tract infections.

Procedure—

Measurements of urine pH were obtained by use of a dipstrip and pH meter, and degree of agreement between measurements was evaluated.

Results—

Mean difference (± 2 SD) between the 2 methods was 0.1 ± 0.9 pH units. Only 65 of 164 (40%) samples measured by use of a dipstrip were within 0.25 pH units of results obtained by use of the pH meter.

Clinical Implications—

When an accurate measurement of urine pH is critical for clinical decision making, the measurement should be made by use of a pH meter. Dipstrips typically are not accurate enough to be clinically useful. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998:213:996-998)
Porcelain gallbladder associated with primary biliary adenocarcinoma in a dog
Authors: Brömel Catharina , Smeak Daniel D. , Léveillé Renée
Published: December 2023

In human patients, porcelain gallbladder (intramural mineralization of the gallbladder) is often associated with gallbladder carcinoma.

In dogs, intramural mineralization of the gallbladder can be distinguished from mineralization of gallbladder contents on the basis of ultrasonographic, surgical, and histologic findings.
Relationship between degenerative joint disease and hip joint laxity by use of distraction index and Norberg angle measurement in a group of cats
Authors: Langenbach Anke , Giger Urs , Green Pamela , Rhodes Harker , Gregor Thomas P. , LaFond Elizabeth , Smith Gail
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine the relationship between degenerative joint disease (DJD) and passive laxity of the hip joint in a group of cats.

Design

Prospective study.

Animals

A select (nonrandomized) group of 78 cats.

Procedure

Standard hip-extended radiographic views and compression and distraction views of the pelvis were obtained from cats during sedation. Radiographs were evaluated, using an Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA)-like scoring system for dogs. Passive joint laxity was measured, using Norberg angle (NA) and distraction index (DI). Hip laxity in cats with DJD was compared with hip laxity in cats without DJD.

Results

Hip dysplasia (HD) was subjectively diagnosed radiographically in 25 of 78 (32%) cats using the OFA-like scoring system. Nineteen cats had mild HD, 4 had moderate HD, and 2 had severe HD. Fifteen of the 25 cats with HD had DJD. The NA ranged from 56 to 105. The mean NA in cats with DJD was (84°) significantly lower than in cats without DJD (95°). The DI ranged from 0.2 to 0.84. The mean DI for cats with DJD was (0.6) significantly higher than that for cats without DJD (0.49). Cats with a DI < 0.4 did not have DJD. Cats had an increased likelihood of having DJD with increased laxity in the coxofemoral joint, as measured by NA or DI.

Clinical Implications

The mean NA for radiographically normal cats (92.4°) was lower than that in radiographically normal dogs (103°). The overall mean DI for cats in this group (0.51) is similar to dogs of breeds with high joint laxity, such as the Labrador Retriever (0.5). As in dogs, there is a relationship between DJD and laxity in the hip joint of cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1439-1443)
Radiographic evaluation of elbow joints before and after surgery in dogs with possible fragmented medial coronoid process
Authors: Wosar Marc A. , Lewis Daniel D. , Neuwirth Lisa , Parker Robert B. , Spencer Crispin P. , Kubilis Paul S. , Stubbs W. Preston , Murphy Scott T. , Shiroma Jonathan T. , Stallings Jeffery T. , Bertrand Scott G.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine the usefulness of 5 radiographic projections of the elbow joint for identification of fragmented coronoid process (FCP) and associated secondary degenerative changes in dogs.

Design

Longitudinal clinical study.

Animals

19 dogs suspected of having FCP (7 dogs, 1 elbow joint; 12 dogs, both elbow joints).

Procedure

5 radiographic projections were obtained before and after surgery for all elbow joints on which exploratory arthrotomy was performed because of suspected FCP. Radiographs obtained before surgery were compared with radiographs obtained after surgery and radiographs taken of the excised fragments. Each projection was evalated for its utitility in definitively identifying FCP and 7 specific degenerative changes. Interevaluator agreement, use of each radiographic projection for definitively identifying a feature, and ability of the 4 evaluators to definitively identify a feature were analyzed.

Results

The craniolateral-caudomedial oblique (Cr15L-CdMO) projection had a significantly higher sensitivity for definitively identifying FCP, compared with the other 4 projections. Interevaluator and kappa agreement for the 5 projections did not differ significantly among the 7 degenerative changes evaluated. The radiographic projection with the highest sensitivity and specificity for detection of a particular degenerative change varied by feature.

Clinical Implications

Of the 5 radiographic projections evaluated, the Cr15L-CdMO projection provided the highest sensitivity and was the best projection to use for definitively identifying FCP. The craniocaudal, Cr15L-CdMO, and mediolateral projections most reliably allowed for identification of secondary degenerative changes. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:52–58)
Clinicopathologic features of dogs with hepatic microvascular dysplasia with and without portosystemic shunts: 42 cases (1991–1996)
Authors: Allen Larie , Stobie Daniel , Mauldin G. Neal , Baer Keith E.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To identify and compare clinicopathologic features between dogs with hepatic microvascular dysplasia (HMD) and confirmed portosystemic shunts (PSS) and dogs with HMD alone and to determine whether any discriminating variables can be identified to differentiate the conditions.

Design

Retrospective study.

Animals

42 dogs with HMD.

Procedure

Medical records of dogs with HMD examined between January 1991 and October 1996 at 3 veterinary hospitals were reviewed.

Results

Compared with dogs with PSS and HMD, dogs with HMD alone were older and had higher values for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and serum total protein, albumin, creatinine, cholesterol, BUN, and blood glucose concentrations. Compared with dogs with HMD alone, dogs with PSS and HMD had higher values for pre- and postprandial serum bile acid concentrations, WBC, and serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. The most discriminating variables for the 2 conditions were serum postprandial bile acid concentrations, MCV, and serum albumin and cholesterol concentrations.

Clinical Implications

The discriminant variables of postprandial serum bile acid concentrations, MCV, and serum albumin and cholesterol concentrations may be useful in distinguishing between dogs with HMD alone and dogs with PSS and HMD. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:218–220)
Clinical evaluation of commercially available urinary acidification diets in the management of idiopathic cystitis in cats
Authors: Markwell Peter J. , Buffington C. A. Tony , Chew Dennis J. , Kendall Michael S. , Harte John G. , DiBartola Stephen P.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To compare recurrence of signs of lower urinary tract disease (LUTD) in cats with idiopathic cystitis that were fed the dry or canned formulation of a commercial diet designed to result in production of an acidic urine.

Design

Prospective trial.

Animals

54 client-owned cats with idiopathic cystitis that was diagnosed on the basis of a history of abnormal micturition, abnormal results on urinalysis, radiography, or cystoscopy, and lack of an alternative diagnosis.

Procedure

Cats were assigned to be fed the canned or dry formulation of the diet. Reevaluations conducted at 2 and 16 weeks, and at 6 and 12 months included a physical examination, CBC and serum biochemical analysis (except week 2), blood gas analysis, and urinalysis. Regular telephone contacts were also made. The study was discontinued after 12 months or if signs of LUTD recurred.

Results

Signs of LUTD did not recur in 16 of 18 cats fed the canned diet, and 17 of 28 cats fed the dry diet (χ2, P < 0.05). Seven cats were reevaluated at recurrence. Owners of remaining cats in which signs of LUTD recurred declined to have their pets reexamined. A different problem (bacterial urinary tract infection) was identified in only 1 cat on reevaluation. Eight cats were lost to follow-up evaluation.

Clinical Implications

Feeding this commercial canned urinary acidifying diet may reduce the proportion of cats with idiopathic cystitis that will have recurrence of signs of LUTD within a 12-month period. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:361–365)
Fractures of the rostral portion of the mandible and maxilla in horses: 89 cases (1979-1997)
Authors: Henninger Rick W. , Beard Warren L. , Schneider Robert K. , Bramlage Lawrence R. , Burkhardt Heather A.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To compare fracture locations, repair methods, complications, and outcomes of horses with fractures of the rostral portions of the mandible and maxilla.

Design

Retrospective study.

Animals

89 horses with fractures of the rostral portions of the mandible and maxilla.

Procedure

Medical records and radiographs were reviewed. Fractures were categorized by fracture location and stability. Postoperative complications and long-term outcome were determined by clinical examination and telephone interviews with horse owners.

Results

4 fracture types were recognized. Fractures involving just the alveolar plate (33%) and those involving the alveolar plate and the body of the bone (32%) were most common and were often repaired by interdental wiring. Unilateral fractures of the mandible (11 %) were managed without surgery if stable. Unstable fractures were repaired with wires, a U-shaped bar (U-bar), or a bone plate. Bilateral fractures (24%) were often repaired with orthopedic wires in foals or with a U-bar, acrylic splint, wires, or bone plate in adult horses. In 2 horses, bilateral fractures were managed conservatively. Short-term complications developed in 24 of 89 (27%) horses. Soft tissue infections and wire loosening or failure were the most common short-term and long-term complications. Wire replacement was not required in any horses after release from hospital. Persistent draining tracts were most often associated with bone sequestration. Long-term functional and cosmetic outcomes were favorable for all fracture types and repair methods.

Clinical Implications

Although complications in horses with fractures of the mandible and maxilla are common, long-term prognoses for functional and cosmetic outcome are favorable. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:1648-1652)
Efficacy of a commercial vaccine for preventing disease caused by influenza virus infection in horses
Authors: Morley Paul S. , Townsend Hugh G. G. , Bogdan Jaret R. , Haines Deborah M.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To evaluate efficacy of a commercial vaccine for prevention of infectious upper respiratory tract disease (IURD) caused by equine influenza virus.

Design

Double-masked, randomized, controlled field trial.

Animals

462 horses stabled at a Thoroughbred racetrack.

Procedure

Vaccine or saline solution placebo was administered 4 times in the population at 6-week intervals. The vaccine contained 3 strains of inactivated influenza virus, and inactivated equine herpesvirus type 4. Horses received 1 or 2 doses of vaccine or placebo prior to onset of a natural influenza epidemic, and were examined 5 d/wk to identify and monitor horses with IURD. Serum antibody concentrations were determined, and virus isolation was performed.

Results

Vaccination of horses prior to the influenza epidemic did not result in significant decrease in risk of developing respiratory tract disease. Severity of clinical disease was not different between affected vaccinated horses with IURD and controls with IURD, but median duration of clinical disease was 3 days shorter in vaccinated horses. Serum concentrations of antibodies to H3N8 influenza viruses were lower prior to initial vaccination in horses that were sick during the epidemic, and did not increase in these horses in response to vaccination. On arrival at the racetrack, young horses had lower antibody concentrations than older horses, and did not respond to vaccination as well.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Vaccination was of questionable benefit. A greater degree of protection must be obtained for influenza vaccines to be effective in protecting horses from IURD. Objective field evaluations of commercial vaccines are needed to adequately document their efficacy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:61-66)
Comparison of autogenous cancellous bone grafts obtained from the sternum and proximal portion of the tibia of llamas
Authors: Kaneps Andris J. , Huber Michael J. , Snyder Stanley P.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To describe the anatomy of the sternum in llamas, define the surgical approach to the sternum for collection of cancellous bone graft tissue, and compare the histologic appearance of graft tissue obtained from the sternum with that obtained from the proximal portion of the tibia.

Design

Prospective study.

Animals

12 llamas, 3 to 19 years old, that had been submitted for necropsy.

Procedure

Radiographs were taken of the sternum and left tibia of the llamas. Measurements of the sternum were determined from the radiographs and adjusted for magnification. Sternebrae volumes were estimated from these measurements. Anatomic dissections to the center of the fourth sternebra and the proximal portion of the tibia were made, and a surgical approach to the sternum was developed. Cancellous graft tissue was obtained from each site and submitted for histologic evaluation.

Results

Sternebrae 3, 4, and 5 were significantly larger in volume than the other sternebrae. The ventral aspect of the fourth sternebra was readily accessed for removal of graft tissue by making a 6-cm-long ventral midline incision centered 17 cm craniad to the xiphoid. Mean soft tissue thickness overlying the ventral aspect of the fourth sternebra was 3.1 cm. More tissue was obtained from the sternal (mean, 9.11 g) than from the tibial (mean, 5.16 g) sites. Sternal graft tissue consisted of trabecular bone spicules with predominantly hematopoietic marrow, whereas tibial tissue consisted of trabecular bone spicules with only fatty marrow.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

The fourth sternebra in llamas is readily accessible for obtaining autogenous cancellous bone graft tissue that consists of predominantly hematopoietic marrow. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:362–365)
Results of physical inspection before races and race-related characteristics and their association with musculoskeletal injuries in Thoroughbreds during races
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Mundy George D. , Peloso John G. , Carey Vincent J. , Amend Norine K.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To estimate the relative risk of injury among horses deemed to be at increased risk of injury on the basis of prerace physical inspection findings and to examine the association of injury during races with race-related characteristics.

Design

Cohort study.

Animals

2,187 Thoroughbred horses that started 3,227 races in Kentucky.

Procedure

All race starts for which a horse was deemed to be at increased risk of injury on the basis of prerace physical inspection findings and a random sample of race starts for which horses were not deemed at increased risk of injury were included in the study. Findings of prerace physical inspection, racerelated characteristics, and outcome of the race (race results and whether the horse incurred an injury) were recorded for each race start. Race starts in which a horse incurred an injury during a race were compared with race starts in which injuries were not incurred to identify factors associated with injury during races.

Results

Abnormality of the suspensory ligament of the forelimbs detected during prerace physical inspection, racetrack, class of race (claiming race ≤ $25,000 vs other classes), and distance of race (< 7 furlongs vs other distances) were significantly associated with increased risk of injury.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Prerace physical inspection findings, particularly abnormalities of the suspensory ligament, may be used to identify horses at increased risk of injury during races. Rate of injury differed among racetracks, and horses in certain types of races (lower-priced claiming races and races of shorter distance) may be at increased risk of injury during races. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:654–661)
Evaluation of point-of-care tests for diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs admitted to an intensive care unit
Authors: Bateman Shane W. , Mathews Karol A. , Abrams-Ogg Anthony C. G. , Lumsden John H. , Johnstone Ian B. , Hillers Thomas K.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of point-of-care tests for the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in dogs and assess the correlation and agreement of results between point-of-care and laboratory tests in the evaluation of hemostatic function.

Design

Prospective case series.

Animals

59 critically ill dogs (affected dogs) with clinical signs of diseases known to predispose to DIC and 52 clinically normal dogs.

Procedures

Accuracy of the point-of-care tests (activated clotting time [ACT], estimated platelet count and number of schizocytes from a blood smear, plasma total solids [TS] concentration, and the protamine sulfate test) was evaluated, using receiver operating characteristic curves and likelihood ratios. A strategy, using likelihood ratios to calculate a post-test probability of DIC, was tested with 65% used as a threshold for initiation of treatment. Results of laboratory tests (coagulogram and plasma antithrombin III activity) were used as the standard for comparison in each dog.

Results

ACT and estimated platelet count provided the best accuracy for detection of DIC. The plasma TS concentration, schizocyte number, and protamine sulfate test had poor accuracy. The strategy using post-test probability of DIC identified 12 of 16 affected dogs that had DIC. Estimated platelet count was correlated and had acceptable clinical agreement with automated platelet count (r = 0.70). The plasma TS (r = 0.28) concentration and serum albumin (r = 0.63) concentration were not accurate predictors of plasma antithrombin III activity. The ACT did not correlate with activated partial thromboplastin time (r = 0.28).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Strategic use of likelihood ratios from point-of-care tests can assist clinicians in making treatment decisions for dogs suspected to have DIC when immediate laboratory support is unavailable. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:805–810)
Results of bone scintigraphy in racing Standardbred horses: 64 cases (1992–1994)
Authors: Ehrlich Paula J. , Dohoo Ian R. , O'Callaghan Michael W.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To document anatomic patterns of scintigraphic uptake and related orthopedic disease associated with racing activity in Standardbred horses.

Design

Retrospective study.

Animals

64 Standardbred horses evaluated for lameness.

Procedure

Medical records at the time of discharge were reviewed, and information regarding signalment; history; results of lameness examination, scintigraphy, and radiography; diagnosis; and treatment were obtained.

Results

274 areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake were identified. Scintigrams of 218 limbs (106 forelimbs, 112 hind limbs) were available for review. Seventy-three (33%) scintigrams had increased radiopharmaceutical uptake associated with the proximal sesamoids, 46 of 106 (43%) forelimb scintigrams had increased uptake associated with the third carpal bone, and 33 of 112 (33%) hind limb scintigrams had radiopharmaceutical uptake associated with the small tarsal bones. Forty-three of 218 (20%) scintigrams had increased uptake associated with the distal aspect of the third metacarpal and metatarsal bones. Abnormal scintigraphic uptake was bilateral in 91 of 139 (65%) forelimb locations and 99 of 134 (74%) hind limb locations with increased radiopharmaceutical uptake. The primary scintigraphically identified classifications of disease were exercise-induced bone remodeling, synovitis or arthritis, and soft-tissue avulsion from bone (66, 17, and 6% of areas with increased radiopharmaceutical uptake, respectively). Of 274 areas with increased radiopharmaceutical uptake, 244 (89%) were believed to be clinically important.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Distinctive patterns of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake were identified that suggested Standardbred horses used for racing may have a predilection to develop orthopedic disease at specific sites that are distinct from those in Thoroughbreds used for racing and horses used for jumping activities. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:982–991)
Serum total and ionized magnesium concentrations and urinary fractional excretion of magnesium in cats with diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Norris Carol R. , Nelson Richard W. , Christopher Mary M.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine magnesium (Mg) status in cats with naturally acquired diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), evaluate changes in Mg status after treatment for DKA, and correlate Mg status with systemic blood pressure and degree of glycemic control.

Design

Case series and cohort study.

Animals

12 healthy cats (controls), 21 cats with DM, and 7 cats with DKA.

Procedure

Serum total magnesium (tMg) and ionized magnesium (iMg) concentrations and spot urinary fractional excretion of magnesium (FEmg) were determined, using serum and urine samples obtained from all cats when they were entered in the study and from cats with DKA 12, 24, and 48 hours after initiating treatment. Indirect blood pressure and degree of glycemic control were determined in 10 and 21 cats with DM, respectively.

Results

Initially, 2 and 13 cats with DM and 1 and 4 cats with DKA had serum tMg and iMg concentrations, respectively, less than the low reference limit (mean — 2 SD) determined for controls. In cats with DKA, serum tMg concentration decreased significantly over time after initiating treatment. Urinary FEmg was significantly higher in cats with DM or DKA, compared with controls. Systemic hypertension was not detected nor was there a correlation between Mg status and degree of glycemic control in cats with DM.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Hypomagnesemia was a common finding in cats with DM and DKA and was more readily identified by measuring serum iMg concentration than tMg concentration. The clinical ramifications of hypomagnesemia in such cats remain to be determined. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1455–1459)
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1998
Authors: Krebs John W. , Smith Jean S. , Rupprecht Charles E. , Childs James E.
Published: December 2023

During 1998, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 7,961 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a decrease of 6.5% from 8,509 cases in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings reported in 1997. More than 92% (7,358 cases) were in wild animals, whereas > 7.5% (603 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 93% in wild animals and 7% in domestic species in 1997). Decreases were evident in all of the major contributing species groups, with the exception of skunks and bats. The relative contributions of the major groups to the total reported for 1998 were raccoons (44.0%; 3,502 cases), skunks (28.5%; 2,272), bats (12.5%; 992), foxes (5.5%; 435), cats (3.5%; 282), cattle (1.5%; 116), and dogs (11.5%; 113). No further discernable westward extension of the epizootic of rabies in raccoons in Ohio was reported. Twelve of the 19 states enzootic for the raccoon variant of the rabies virus and the District of Columbia reported decreased numbers of cases of rabies during 1998, compared with 13 states and the District of Columbia that reported increases during 1997. Three states, Rhode Island (143.2%), Massachusetts (77.2%), and New Hampshire (69.4%), reported increases of > 50% during 1998, compared with totals reported for 1997. In Texas, the number of cases of rabies associated with enzootic canine variants of the rabies virus remained greatly diminished; however, overall totals of reported cases of rabies increased in Texas and 12 other states where skunks are the major terrestrial reservoir of rabies. At the national level, the total of 82 reported cases of rabies among horses and mules was greater than that reported for any year since 1981 (88 cases) and represented a 74.5% increase, compared with the total for 1997. The 992 cases of rabies reported in bats during 1998 were the greatest proportionate contribution by bats since 1990. Reported cases of rabies in cats (282), dogs (113), and cattle (116) decreased 6.0%, 10.3%, and 4.9%, respectively. One indigenously acquired case of rabies reported in a human being during 1998 was the result of infection with a rabies virus variant associated with silver-haired and eastern pipistrelle bats.
Persistence of dengue genome in a remotely infected patient
Authors: Thaivanich Soraya , Visuthranukul Jirayu , Arunyingmongkol Kesinee , Bunworasate Udomsak , Siriyasatien Padet , Kulwichit Wanla
Published: December 2023

Background

Dengue virus infection is an intriguing illness. It is traditionally thought of as a self-limited and nonpersistent disease.

Objectives

We report a case with persistent dengue virus genome detectable in hematopoietic cells of a person with remote infection.

Methods

A patient with multiple myeloma in remission was prepared for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation. Plasma and G-CSF-stimulated, mobilized PBSCs were collected. Dengue-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed in both pre- and post-stimulated blood specimens. Anti-dengue antibodies by ELISA and by neutralization assay were measured before and after the stem cell mobilization.

Results

The viral genome was detected only in the PBSC of the post-G-CSF-stimulated specimens. Anti-dengue antibodies were negative and positive, by ELISA and neutralization assays, respectively, both before and after stem cell mobilization.

Conclusion

Our findings reveal a persistent infection. Whether and how this strain may interact with subsequent serotype(s) remains to be elucidated.
How many is good enough? An analysis of serological follow-up after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Stępień Monika , Zalewska Małgorzata , Kuźniarski Amadeusz , Jankowska-Polańska Beata , Piwowar Agnieszka , Świątoniowska-Lonc Natalia , Knysz Brygida
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Despite vaccinations available worldwide, patients and healthcare workers still struggle with COVID-19. Previously we observed in some convalescents surprisingly lower antibody levels after a second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine compared to the first dose. Six months after full vaccination we obtained follow-up results of 87 patients divided into 3 groups: (A) convalescents with higher antibody levels after second dose of vaccine compared to first dose, (B) naïve patients, (C) convalescents with decreasing antibody level after second dose compared to first dose.

Materials and Methods

Patients’ anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were checked by the anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac ELISA (IgG) (EUROIMMUN MedicinischeLabordiagnostica AG, Luebeck, Germany) test, as before, and prior to the blood sampling patients completed a questionnaire regarding, inter alia, general condition, smoking, flu vaccination.

Results

Thanks to this follow-up we concluded that none of the patients suffered from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection within 6 months after vaccination. Decline of antibody levels 6 months after vaccination was observed in all groups. Convalescent group A lost more antibodies in the mentioned period of time than group B or C. Group C presented still high results, higher than in group B (p = 0.007), but lower than in group A (p = 0.048).

Conclusions

Temporary decrease of antibody levels in convalescents after the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination did not imply further consequences in the form of important antibody level differences 6 months after vaccination. Patients’ overweight could have an impact on antibody production but only after natural infection. It did not affect obtained results after vaccinations.
Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome: A case report
Authors: Sathish Sivan , Subramani Manonmani , Patel Pranay , Hirani Nidhi , Arjunan Priyadharshini
Published: December 2023

Marcus Gunn jaw wink phenomenon or Trigeminal oculomotor synkinesis, is a congenital disorder in which the upper lid moves synkinetically in response to jaw movement during chewing. The term synkinesis describes the simultaneous movement or a coordinated sequence of movements of muscles, which are supplied by different nerves or by separate peripheral branches of the same nerve. Although it rarely manifests bilaterally, it is typically unilateral. In 1883, Dr Robert Marcus Gunn, a Scottish Ophthalmologist described a 15-year-old girl with a peculiar type of congenital ptosis that included an associated winking motion of the affected eyelid on the movement of the jaw. It is known to affect both men and women equally. This phenomenon has been reported to be a similar phenomenon affecting 2-13% of all cases of congenital ptosis. It can be congenital or acquired, for example through trauma. The Congenital Marcus Gunn jaw wink phenomenon is thought to arise from the connection between the branch of the trigeminal nerve (responsible for chewing) supplying the middle or lateral pterygoid muscle and the branch of the oculomotor nerve supplying the upper superior levator ocular defect. Here we present a case report of Marcus Gunn’s Jaw-Winking Synkinesis in congenital ptosis.
Psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and their combination in the treatment of major depressive disorder: How well are we making use of available therapies?
Authors: Nădășan Ingrid Karina , Hancu Gabriel
Published: December 2023

Major depressive disorder stands as a profound challenge in the realm of psychiatric illnesses disrupting the well-being and daily existence of affected individuals. This heterogeneous condition continues to baffle researchers due to the elusive nature of its full neurological mechanisms. This review delves into the complex landscape of major depressive disorder, exploring the diverse therapeutic avenues available, from the nuanced realms of psychotherapy to the pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches that have been the focus of extensive research. In the relentless pursuit of relief for those afflicted, substantial efforts and resources are tirelessly channeled into the exploration of novel antidepressants and the refinement of existing therapeutic protocols. This review juxtaposes the efficiencies of existing treatments, unraveling their comparative effectiveness, and shedding light on their respective strengths and limitations. Even so, the question remains, how well are we managing the treatment of major depressive disorder, and which is the best option not only to treat this condition but also to reach full remission. Consequently, we have compiled findings on treatment selections and how efficient they are in relation to each other. The more we understand how to treat depression effectively the more we can improve the quality of life of individuals affected by this disorder. By comprehensively evaluating the diverse modalities, this review aims to guide clinicians and researchers toward evidence-based decisions, facilitating the formulation of individualized and targeted treatment protocols.
Determination of isohydrafural and methyluracil in ear drops by high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Uncu Livia
Published: December 2023

Objective

The aim of current study was the development and validation of a reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) method for the quantitative determination of two active ingredients, isohydrafural (IHF) and methyluracil (MU) in fixed dose combination ear drops.

Methods:

An efficient separation of the two compounds was achieved on a Teknokroma C1 5μm (150*4,6mm) column, with a methanol: water 60:40 (V: V) mobile phase, at 300C temperature and 0.6 mL/min flow-rate. The total analysis time was 5.5 min.

Result:

The verified validation parameters were: linearity, selectivity, specificity, precision (repeatability and reproducibility), robustness, limit of detection and quantification.

Conclusions:

Good separation and lack of interference from other chromatographic peaks, rapidanalysis times were obtained. The newly developed chromatographic method can be applied for the analysis of fixed dose combination ear drops with isohydrafural and methyluracil.
The Influence of Heavy Metal Pollution on the Pigment Content in the Assimilation Apparatus of Poplar Cultivars in the Conditions of the Iron Ore Region
Authors: Danylchuk Oleksandr , Danylchuk Natalia , Boyko Lyudmyla , Yukhymenko Yulia
Published: December 2023

We carried out studies of the translocation of heavy metals in the soils of Kryvyi Rih. The peculiarities of the accumulation of heavy metals in the assimilation apparatus of seven poplar cultivars were clarified. The maximum rates of translocation of heavy metals were detected at the monitoring site of the industrial site of Northern Iron Ore Dressing Combine (henceforth referred to as Pivnichnyi HZK or PivnHZK). In the leaves of poplars “Lvivska,” “Hradizhzka,” and “I-45/51,” cadmium, one of the highly toxic elements, accumulates 25–30 times more than in the leaves of control plants. High rates of accumulation of heavy metals lead to a violation of the functioning of the plant organism at the physiological and biochemical levels, as evidenced by changes in the content of chlorophyll a and b. The amount of the main pigments of photosynthesis in the leaves of poplar cultivars under conditions of environmental pollution with heavy metals is lower than in the control, which indicates the inclusion of plant signaling mechanisms. At the same time, the amount of carotenoids in the organs of assimilation of poplars growing on the industrial sites of Northern and Central Iron Ore Dressing Combines (henceforth referred to as Central HZK or CHZK) increases and indicates the realization of their protective functions. The investigated cultivars can be divided into two groups according to the intensity of changes in pigment content. The first group (with a decrease in chlorophylls up to 2 times and an increase in the amount of carotenoids up to 2.5 times) includes “I-45/51,” “Lvivska,” and “Hradizhzka,” and the second group (with a decrease in chlorophylls by more than 2 times and an increase in the amount of carotenoids by more than 2.5 times) includes “Keliberdynska,” “Robusta,” “Sacrau-59,” and “Tronco.” This fact indicates better adaptation and greater resistance of cultivars of the first group to the action of heavy metals.
Morpho-Ecological Study of Wild Onobrychis altissima Grossh. and Onobrychis cyri Grossh. (Onobrychis MILL.) in Azerbaijan
Authors: Azizkhanli Kharibul , Asgarov Aydin , Shahmorad Babak , Eldarov Mahammad
Published: December 2023

Knowing the distribution and eco-geography of native Onobrychis altissima and O. cyri in Azerbaijan is critical for the implementation of strategies for their conservation and sustainable use. This study includes 27 specimens from nine wild populations of O. altissima and O. cyri collected from their natural habitats in Azerbaijan. The aims of this study are to provide a detailed morphological and eco-geographic characterization of O. altissima and O. cyri, to determine the distribution and environmental variables that define the eco-geographic zones native to Azerbaijan, and also to determine the priority areas for in situ conservation of native Onobrychis germplasm in Azerbaijan. Besides, research work was carried out for the purpose of clarifying the distribution areas, discovering more resistant species for selection, as well as enriching the genetic resources and Her-barium Fund. The specimens were biometrically assessed using 34 quantitative and 10 qualitative morphological characters. At each site, we recorded eco-geographic data regarding longitude, latitude, altitude, slope inclination, slope orientation, maximum and minimum temperatures, annual precipitation, relief, as well as soil traits including texture, humus, organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, and magnesium. Cluster analysis of morphological characters showed that the nine populations could be divided into three main groups. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) of eco-geographic data is discussed. The article presents tables and phenograms reflecting some eco-geographic information and a distribution map of the species.
Hisaye Yamamoto’s Silence-Voice Interplay in Japanese American Imprisonment Camps
Authors: Petruş Raluca-Andreea
Published: December 2023

Within times of war and U.S.-state-imposed guilt, Japanese American female characters in “The Legends of Miss Sasagawara” experience repeated status changes throughout World War II and the Japanese American imprisonment camps. The tense conflictual relations between U.S. authorities and the Nikkei (Japanese diaspora in the United States) echo within the intra-Nikkei communities held in camps: branded as enemies by the state, Nikkei individuals re-segregate within camps, leading to a fractured communication and tribalist attitudes. The present paper investigates the silence-voice interplay of female characters in confinement narratives, as depicted by Hisaye Yamamoto in her literary rendering of the Japanese American imprisonment camps phenomenon. The historical context of the 1940s ruptures the communication inside the Nikkei community, especially concerning the female character Miss Mari Sasagawara, leading to misunderstandings, tribalism, and (self-)isolation.
Health literacy and the role of therapeutic professionals: A scoping review / Gesundheitskompetenz und die Rolle der Therapieberufe: Ein scoping Review
Authors: Schwendemann Hanna Elisabeth , Thieme Holm
Published: December 2023

Background and aim

Health literacy (HL) describes people’s knowledge, motivation, and competences to access, understand, appraise, and apply health information. Limited health literacy can clearly negatively impact health outcomes and therapeutic professionals are potentially important contact persons for patients and their relatives to address health literacy.

The aim of this scoping review is to summarize the current literature regarding HL in the selected therapeutic professions (occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech and language therapy).

Methods (incl. inclusion criteria)

We conducted an electronic database search in PubMed and CINAHL (EBSCO) up to September 2022. Two authors independently selected studies using the following inclusion criteria: (1) addressing the topic HL and (2) explicitly integrating therapeutic professionals. After extracting relevant information, the included articles were qualitatively analyzed using a narrative synthesis.

Results

We identified 39 research and non-research articles. The content analysis revealed the following 5 themes: (1) HL–related knowledge and skills, (2) Education and training regarding HL, (3) assessment of HL of their clients, (4) Preparation and communication of health-related information, and (5) HL in organizations.

Discussion

Most therapeutic professionals were familiar with the term HL, but a lack of deep understanding is described. However, therapeutic professionals are aware of the importance of addressing the needs of clients with low HL. An integration of HL-related issues in professional training and further research regarding concepts to screen and address HL in therapeutic practice are needed.
La regulación jurídica de la calidad del agua en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina: tensiones y variedad de criterios
Authors:   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) / Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS) / Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLU), Argentina, Cáceres Verónica L.
Published: December 2023

El artículo analiza la regulación jurídica de la calidad del agua en la provincia de Buenos Aires. La calidad del agua reviste un papel crítico por la incidencia que tiene en la salud de la población y las condiciones de vida digna. Su prestación mediante el servicio público es la forma más segura de acceso y reduce la explotación de los acuíferos por parte de particulares de forma directa. La selección de la provincia como caso de estudio se vincula con dos motivos: por un lado, la presencia de distintas empresas que prestan el servicio y un entramado que atraviesa regulaciones de la nación y la provincia; y, por otro, la jurisprudencia que ha tenido lugar a partir de demandas por la calidad. El trabajo hace un análisis de la normativa vigente a nivel nacional y provincial de forma comparada, y de los fallos jurisprudenciales relativos a la calidad del agua. El análisis permite observar las tensiones que se presentan por la adecuación de valores de elementos contaminantes a las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la relevancia que ha tenido el Poder Judicial en materia de reconocimiento del derecho humano al agua.