bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mujeres víctimas de homicidio en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México: magnitud, características y distribución espacial
Authors: Reyna Sevilla Antonio , González Pérez Guillermo Julián , Vega López María Guadalupe
Published: July 2020

Introducción: En un contexto generalizado de violencias contra las mujeres, desde hace 15 años se ha mantenido una tendencia exponencial de homicidios en dicho sector poblacional en México. Metodología: Este estudio se llevó a cabo para identificar la magnitud y características de mujeres víctimas de homicidio, agente causal, día, hora y lugar donde ocurrió la agresión, no la muerte; así como comparar, por vecindario y municipio, la distribución espacial de 141 homicidios en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara (AMG) durante los años 2013 y 2018. Resultados: Con base en estos años, se identificó que la tasa de mortalidad aumentó de 2.29 (2013) a 3.48 (2018) homicidios por 100 mil mujeres en el AMG; este fue mayor en los municipios Tlajomulco de Zúñiga (2013) y San Pedro Tlaquepaque (2018). Para ambos años se identificaron dos vecindarios, localizados al sur del AMG, donde ocurrieron, en promedio, más víctimas de homicidio, principalmente en fin de semana, entre las 16 y 02 horas, y con armas de fuego. Además, la vivienda representó el lugar donde se cometió la mayoría de las agresiones fatales contra mujeres, cuya edad osciló entre 30 y 44 años (35.2 % en 2013 y 43.1 % en 2018). Conclusiones: Más allá del aumento de la magnitud de homicidios de mujeres, las estrategias para erradicar violencias, que generalmente anteceden la agresión, continúan sin funcionar adecuadamente; ni si quiera para evitar que las víctimas sean asesinadas en el lugar que históricamente ha sido el de mayor riesgo, es decir, la vivienda.
Cambio de Metodología en la Encuesta de Confianza de los Consumidores en Costa Rica
Authors: Madrigal-Pana Johnny , Flores-Alvarado Sebastián , Benavides-Prado María Fernanda , Fiallos-Gonzáles Manuel
Published: July 2020

En mayo del 2019, se modificó la metodología de la Encuesta de Confianza de los Consumidores, cambiando de la telefonía fija a la móvil, por lo que las cuatro encuestas previas se realizaron con ambos métodos para investigar el efecto en el Índice de Confianza del Consumidor (ICC), entre otras estadísticas de interés. En tres de las encuestas no se encontró evidencia de diferencias en las magnitudes del ICC. Además, la disminución de la confianza que registró el índice de mayo a noviembre se dio con ambos tipos de encuesta (-16,8 puntos con la fija y -16,0 puntos con la móvil) y el aumento de la confianza en las encuestas siguientes fue similar (6,6 y 6,4, respectivamente). Se concluye que, usando ambas metodologías, la magnitud de las estimaciones del ICC, y de otros indicadores de interés, no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en tres de las cuatro encuestas y que también reproducen la misma tendencia.
Diferencias entre la educación universitaria pública y privada costarricense: rendimientos y calificación del trabajo
Authors: Blanco Laura Cristina , Sauma Chacón María José
Published: July 2020

Se estimaron los niveles de sobreeducación para la población costarricense graduada de estudios superiores utilizando la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares 2011-2017. Posteriormente, se estimaron ecuaciones de Mincer mediante mínimos cuadrados ordinarios para analizar la relación existente entre el salario y el tipo de centro educativo, el área de estudio y el tipo de emparejamiento laboral. Se encuentra que estudiar en una universidad pública se asocia con un premio que oscila entre 4,7% y 9,5%. Este premio, además, varía por área de estudio, aunque se encuentra que las universidades públicas mantienen su ventaja en la mayoría de los casos. Para las cohortes de mayor edad, el premio por estudiar en una universidad pública desaparece. Además, se encuentra que no existe un problema por genuina sobreeducación en el mercado laboral costarricense, aunque sí existe un porcentaje importante de personas aparentemente sobreeducadas, el cual es mayor entre quienes estudiaron en universidades públicas.
El comercio en el Océano Índico: desde la Antigüedad hasta el arribo y control de esta ruta mercantil por los portugueses
Authors: Solórzano Fonseca Juan Carlos
Published: July 2020

Desde tiempos de la Antigüedad clásica el océano Índico fue un puente de comunicación entre los pueblos de Asia y de Europa a través de rutas comerciales que unieron el Mediterráneo Oriental con la India y el Extremo Oriente. A partir del siglo VII de nuestra era, las comunicaciones y los intercambios se incrementaron notablemente y llevaron a la migración de población árabe hacia la India, Sri Lanka, islas de Malasia e Indonesia. China igualmente se unió a dicho comercio y recibió mercaderes extranjeros que se establecieron en sus principales puertos. Durante siglos, las especias de las islas del Extremo Oriente, las telas de algodón de la India y las sedas y cerámicas de China llegaron hasta el Mediterráneo oriental por medio del comercio marítimo a través del océano Índico, el mar Rojo y secciones de ruta terrestre en Egipto y Siria. A partir de 1498, los portugueses luego de cien años de exploraciones marítimas en el Atlántico, cruzan el océano Índico y llegan a la India, Sri Lanka, islas indonesias y malayas, estableciendo también enclaves comerciales en India y China. Así, a lo largo del siglo XVI desplazan a los árabes del comercio en el océano Índico y controlan el comercio de las especias y otros productos exóticos hacia los mercados europeos.
Sobre los sistemas alimentarios indígenas, el ejemplo del pueblo Rapa Nui, Chile. Fortalecimiento y contribuciones en la seguridad alimentaria en tiempos de cambio climático.
Authors: Lastra Bravo Javier
Published: July 2020

La siguiente exposición se centrará en presentar la importancia que poseen los sistemas alimentarios indígenas (SAI) a nivel mundial, destacando como ejemplo la situación del pueblo Rapa Nui en Isla de Pascua, analizando su evolución y transformaciones en el tiempo, demostrando que los SAI son portadores de conocimientos ancestrales que ha prevalecido por muchos siglos; dicho conocimiento está compuesto por un sin número de habilidades de producción y saberes que permiten el desarrollo sustentable y la gestión sostenible de los recursos naturales del territorio. Se analizan también los factores de riesgo que afectan a los SAI, tales como el calentamiento global. Por último, se realiza un análisis sobre el desarrollo y los cambios en cuanto a los SAI, el marco regulativo de derecho indígena actual y las políticas públicas que permitan impulsar los sistemas alimentarios indígenas de acuerdo con las políticas de carácter internacionales, como la FAO.
Desde el punto de vista económico, muchos de los pueblos y comunidades indígenas que habitan Chile se constituyen como pobres, sumado a que viven en entornos rurales marginados, de difícil acceso y expuesto a riesgos. Las economías indígenas, se basan principalmente en la economía de subsistencia, lo que se agrava aún más, puesto que se encuentran en muchos casos con un limitado acceso a la tierra y a los recursos naturales.
La ciudad ideal de Al- Farabi. El nacimiento de la filosofía política en el islam
Authors: Zeraoui Zidane
Published: July 2020

Al Farabi reintrodujo en el pensamiento islámico del siglo X, la filosofía de Platón y Aristóteles, demostrando que era la única apta para explicar el desafío de las religiones reveladas al pensamiento filosófico
Se puede decir que la filosofía de al-Farabi parece ser el resultado de una reflexión realizada a partir de la filosofía griega, que tiene la intención de ser aplicada a la realidad vivida. Su pensamiento se nos muestra como un intento de introducir una consideración racional de la realidad en una sociedad estrictamente religiosa como la musulmana.
Al-Farabi no solamente logró introducir a la filosofía griega en el mundo islámico, sino que integró el pensamiento político a la sociedad musulmana. Trata de lograr una síntesis entre la profecía y la reflexión filosófica.
El mercado del aborto en Costa Rica en perspectiva histórica (1900-2020). Una aproximación preliminar
Authors: Molina Jiménez Iván
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo analiza las condiciones que posibilitaron el desarrollo de un mercado clandestino del aborto en Costa Rica y su funcionamiento en el período 1900-2020. También considera las características de ese mercado, en particular el diferenciado acceso a los servicios médicos según el origen social de las mujeres que abortaron. Además, estudia las principales polémicas que se han desarrollo en el país en torno a la práctica de la interrupción artificial del embarazo y a las propuestas para legalizar dicho procedimiento.
Satanismo y eventos paranormales en el Diario Extra, durante la década de 1990. Muestras del sensacionalismo y la óptica neoconservadora en la prensa escrita costarricense
Authors: Marchena Sanabria Jorge
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo analiza las notas sobre satanismo y otros eventos paranormales, como brujería y extraterrestres, publicadas por el periódico costarricense, Diario Extra, en la última década del siglo XX. Históricamente, el diablo se ha utilizado como una forma de aterrorizar a la sociedad y sobre todo, para reafirmar el sometimiento de las juventudes y clases subalternas ante las élites político-económicas. En este caso, se imbricó con el periodismo sensacionalista para exacerbar el pánico y distraer a la sociedad civil; sobre todo, en un momento de profundas tensiones sociales. Metodológicamente, se empleó una forma simplificada de análisis de discurso, partiendo de las propuestas de teóricos como Jäger y Keller.
Presentación Dossier: La escritura en los desplazamientos: viajes, expediciones y naufragios
Authors: Sancho Dobles Leonardo
Published: July 2020

La escritura de los desplazamientos ofrece una cartografía y una geografía que complementa un viaje y ofrece una imagen diferente del espacio y de lo que lo circunda.  A su vez la escritura de un desplazamiento espacial implica una doble operación metafórica, en primer lugar la del viaje mismo y el tránsito entre un espacio y otro y, en segundo término, la del lenguaje, es decir la de la elaboración simbólica en la construcción de significados a partir de significantes y es, en la escritura misma, donde esa imagen queda plasmada.
La Ley de Represión de la Masonería y el Comunismo (1 de marzo de 1940)
Authors: Morales Ruiz Juan José
Published: July 2020

En este artículo estudio la Ley de Represión de la Masonería y el Comunismo (1 de marzo de 1940) que sufrieron los masones en la España de Franco, junto con la Ley de Responsabilidades Políticas (9 de febrero de 1939). La dictadura promulgó una serie de leyes especiales, con un complejo entramado, como las Juntas de Incautación de Bienes, el Tribunal Especial contra la Masonería y el Comunismo, los Tribunales de Responsabilidades Políticas y posteriormente el Tribunal de Orden Público cuya documentación se ha conservado en el Centro Documental de la Memoria Histórica y en otros archivos estatales.
An Analysis of Variation Sources in Written Corrective Feedback Studies: What is the Next Step?
Authors: López Marisela Bonilla
Published: July 2020

While there is a significant amount of compelling evidence to support written corrective feedback (error correction), it is also acknowledged that research findings may not be applicable or conclusive enough given the great variability among studies. Nevertheless, no systematic attempt has been made to review and synthesize the extensive amount of literature to identify the sources that lead to such variation. This study aims to identify such variables. Results indicate that in a research base of 76 relevant publications, variations can be explained based on 11 main sources. Pursuant to these findings, this study sketches the main variance-related problems and outlines design recommendations to further expand L2 research and practice of error correction in Second Language Acquisition.
Los microlenguajes: una forma de aportar a la relación educativa con las infancias y juventudes en el marco de las pedagogías del sur
Authors: Contreras-Salinas Sylvia , Ramírez Pavelic Mónica Antonieta
Published: July 2020

Aportar a la realidad de niños, niñas y jóvenes (NNJ) en las pedagogías del sur es una tarea compleja y contradictoria, por eso este ensayo intenta contribuir al quehacer cotidiano de las prácticas pedagógicas. En este sentido, las pedagogías críticas del sur surgen como una expresión que da cuenta de un campo de saber que se presenta como alternativo a las propuestas educativas hegemónicas, instalándose como una pedagogía que se constituye en el lugar de interrogación y cuestionamiento de la experiencia, relevándose, además, como una práctica política social. Surge entonces la prerrogativa que los adultos somos el grupo dominante de niños, niñas y jóvenes, empujándoles muchas veces a la cultura del silencio, especialmente en las instituciones educativas, lo cual constituye, sin lugar a dudas, una deuda pendiente en América Latina. Desde aquí, se propone atender a las figuras del lenguaje que se configuran habitando el mundo, específicamente, los tropos, los cuales nos permiten cambiar nuestra objetividad en subjetividad, lo que es ejemplificado mediante los tropos ser vivo y ser galería. Concluimos que, si bien los tropos no logran desatar sus ataduras coloniales, sí logran acceder a los campos valóricos, adentrándose en las relaciones de poder. Por ello, es necesario incluir en el lenguaje pedagógico la idea de que las realidades existen bajo formas específicas que determinan dicho poder, sumado a la necesidad de instalar en los NNJ capacidades lingüísticas que eviten una zombificación que les obligue a habitar constantemente en el por venir.
Trayectorias de ingresantes universitarios y estrategias de aprendizaje: sus implicancias en el rendimiento académico
Authors: Moreno Jacqueline Elizabet , Claudia Chiecher Analía , Paoloni Paola Verónica
Published: July 2020

El estudio describe las estrategias de aprendizaje que utilizaron ingresantes en carreras de ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto durante la primera etapa de estudios universitarios y analiza sus relaciones con las trayectorias educativas de logro y de bajo rendimiento. Participaron 86 estudiantes de la cohorte 2018, con trayectorias de rendimiento alto (53%) y bajo (47%). Para la recolección de los datos se administró el Cuestionario sobre trayectorias en el primer año universitario que incluye, entre sus secciones, una que evalúa estrategias de aprendizaje. Los resultados de los análisis tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos muestran relaciones positivas entre el uso de estrategias cognitivas complejas, estrategias metacognitivas y de manejo de recursos, por un lado, y el buen desempeño académico por otro. Asimismo, más del 50% del estudiantado reconoció haber efectuado cambios en sus hábitos de estudio desde el ingreso a la universidad, fundamentalmente en el tiempo dedicado. Para estudiantes de rendimiento alto, el tiempo aparece vinculado a su gestión ─ es decir, a la planificación, a la organización y a la búsqueda de estrategias efectivas para cumplir con las metas de aprendizaje (55%)─ . Por su parte, los cambios que reconoce el estudiantado de rendimiento bajo están más bien vinculados con el incremento de las horas de dedicación (82%), lo que no siempre garantiza el alcance de buenos resultados, al menos si no se reflexiona acerca de las estrategias de estudio que permitan un abordaje más profundo de los materiales de estudio.
Relasi Ibu-Anak dan Kematangan Emosi Remaja Yatim Duafa
Authors: Hasanah Rizky , Fitriana Efi , Moeliono Marisa Fransiska
Published: July 2020

This study aims to examine association between the mother-child relationship with the emotional maturity of orphan adolescents, using correlational method. Mother-child relationship was measured by the family relation test which consist of 67 items and emotional maturity was measured by the Singh’ emotional maturity scale which contains 47 items. The target population of the study was poor orphans aged between 15 and 18 years who live in Cileunyi Bandung. The number of sample was 30 people who were selected by cluster random sampling. Multiple regression is used to test the research hypothesis. The results showed that the mother-child relationship is significantly correlated with emotional maturity at moderate levels. Specifically the mother-child relationship is significantly related to the dimensions of emotional instability and lack of independence but not related to the other three dimensions of emotional maturity (emotional regression, social maladjustment, personality disintegration).
The Ecclesiastical Role of The Holy Spirit in the Sacrament of Confirmation in the Teaching of Benedict XVI
Authors: Kluz Marek
Published: July 2020

Formation of an ecclesial community constitutes the basic moral call arising from reception of the sacrament of confirmation. Formation of the person should also aim at accomplishing this objective. The Holy Spirit given in the sacrament of confirmation plays a fundamental role in building the Church. Opening up to the gift of the Holy Spirit and submission to His direction allows to find the proper place in the Church and accept full responsibility for destiny of the Church.The ecclesiological role of the Holy Spirit in the sacrament of conformation sounds significantly in the teaching of Benedict XVI. In his speeches and documents, the Pope repeatedly brought the truth about the special power of the Holy Spirit and His gifts into building the community dimension of the life of the Church. Therefore, in this reflection – based on allocations of Pope Benedict XVI – the ecclesiological role of the Holy Spirit, coming in the sacrament of confirmation, was presented.
Program formacji ewangelizatorów w Szkole Ewangelizacji Świętego Andrzeja
Authors: Szwed Izabela
Published: July 2020

Nowa ewangelizacja jest narzędziem potrzebnym do głoszenia Ewangelii Jezusa Chrystusa, tej samej, lecz nowej w zapale, metodzie oraz środkach. Idee Szkoły Ewangelizacji Świętego Andrzeja, które zostały ukazane, są praktyczną odpowiedzią na to wezwanie. Na treść artykułu składa się szczegółowa analiza całej wizji, metodologii oraz strategii Programu pastoralnego Szkoły Ewangelizacji. Uwzględniono jego rolę i troskę o podejmowanie wyzwań nowej ewangelizacji. Ukazano syntezę myśli metod, a także dokładny opis programu formacji. Nie bez podstaw wydaje się być nadzieja, że podjęte badania przyczynią się do pogłębienia dotychczasowej wiedzy, co mogłoby przyczynić się do wykorzystania powyżej przedstawionego programu do formacji nowych ewangelizatorów dla nowej ewangelizacji.
Utracone dziedzictwo „pierworodnej córy Kościoła” na przykładzie sfery sacrum dawnej Île de la Cité
Authors: Hryszko Barbara
Published: July 2020

Przywołanie obrazu średniowiecznej zabudowy kolebki stolicy Francji stanowi podstawę do namysłu nad charakterem jej utraconego religijnego i kulturowego dziedzictwa nie tylko w wymiarze materialnym, ale i duchowym, oraz nad wymową ideową nieistniejącej już sfery sacrum, w przeszłości zdecydowanie wyróżniającej się spośród świeckiej zabudowy wyspy. Świątynie miały nie tylko znaczenie religijne, lecz także polityczne i propagandowe. Przechowywane w nich święte relikwie, a szczególnie sprowadzona z Konstantynopola na paryską wyspę przez św. Ludwika IX w 1239 roku Korona Cierniowa, podniosły Paryż do rangi nowej ideowej stolicy cesarstwa. Wezwania kościołów upamiętniające pierwszych galijskich świętych wskazywały, jak fundamentalna dla początków chrześcijaństwa we Francji była wyspa. Bogata sfera sacrum podnosiła prestiż miasta, świadcząc zarówno o pobożności, jak i zamożności jego mieszkańców. Strefa sacrum Île de la Cité stanowiła istotę dawnej francuskiej religijności, w której była zakorzeniona cała tradycyjna kultura tego narodu.
Insygnia kanonickie. Aspekt prawno-liturgiczny
Authors: Adamczyk Jerzy
Published: July 2020

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie zagadnienia oznak kanonickich w aspekcie prawnym i teologicznym w świetle obowiązującego prawa. W jego pierwszej części przedstawiono kwestię kompozycji ubiorów kanonickich. W drugiej części ukazano problematykę krzyża kanonickiego i pierścienia, natomiast część trzecia została poświęcona zagadnieniu używania insygniów kanonickich. Całość artykułu kończą wnioski i bibliografia.
Métodos y técnicas de investigación en el análisis de trayectorias y transiciones educativas en México
Authors: López Ramírez Mónica , Rodríguez Santiago Andrés
Published: July 2020

El artículo tiene por objetivo discutir, con base en la revisión de un conjunto de estudios, las ventajas y limitaciones de los métodos y técnicas de investigación utilizados en trabajos empíricos sobre trayectorias y transiciones hacia la educación media superior y superior en México. Para ello se sistematizó un conjunto de trabajos empíricos desde inicios del siglo XXI a la fecha, con énfasis en los diseños metodológicos. Estos trabajos se clasificaron en tres grandes grupos: 1) trayectorias formativas de lago alcance, 2) trayectorias en un solo nivel educativo y 3) transiciones a un nivel determinado. El análisis realizado destaca en términos generales un mayor número de trabajos sobre las temáticas en las últimas décadas. Se observa una preponderancia de estudios cuantitativos que utilizan fuentes secundarias de información, priorizando estadísticas descriptivas y el uso de modelos de regresión. Existe un pequeño conjunto de trabajos de corte cualitativo orientados a la reconstrucción de experiencias, vivencias, decisiones y elecciones. En el análisis se delinean las principales ventajas y limitaciones de estos estudios con relación a los métodos, las técnicas de investigación y las fuentes de los datos que utilizan.
MULTI-CANONS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Authors: Paliwal A. K
Published: July 2020

The development of English as a global of medium has given rise and recognition to various English and this also involves a vital multicultural issues. The present paper envisages to throw light on Multi Canons and the Development of English language today. It emphasizes the need of
understanding multicultural issues and norms and traits of various cultures in the process of learning and teaching of English language all over the world. The process of learning and teaching of English language is boosted further if we understand the cultural traits of a language in the
light of the cultural traits of the target language. Culture is really an integral part of language learning and teaching. Part of learning and teaching is learning and teaching cultural norms in the language. In the early stages of language learning, students should be encouraged to use the
language just to establish the fact that they can use it. Too much emphasis on so called appropriateness may result in an overwhelmingly chaotic situation for beginners or slow learners.
IMPORTANCE OF GRAMMAR IN LEARNING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE
Authors: Dutta Mrs. Sanchita , Mukherjee Ms. Namrata
Published: July 2020

Languages are an inseparable part of verbal communication. They are the “codes” used in the communication process where a sender “encodes” the message and sends it to the receiver via a proper media and then the receiver “decodes” it to understand
the meaning and send a feedback. This completes the communication process. In order to communicate effectively, one needs to not just use but also understand and determine the language that is required to be used. This leads to put focus on the learning of languages competently and effectively.Generally
we as children start with our “native” or “mother” languages but we do not necessarily learn them. It is a process called language acquisition where we subconsciously acquire a specific language without any knowledge of its rules and regulations. Maybe at later stages
of the education process, we actually get to learn the nuances but that doesn’t make us any less proficient in practicing communication in our native language. But when it comes to other languages, sometimes quite effectively and ironically termed as “foreign” languages,
it is definitely the process of language learning that has to be undertaken. Language learning is completely different from acquisition. Here we are consciously plunged into the rules governing the basics that is the reading-writing and speaking of the particular language and are sometimes
also made aware of its literary history.In the case of ESL students, the need to an in depth language learning is all the more important and thus comes the importance of learning the grammar of the language. “Grammar” can be broadly defined as a set of rules related to the
structure and usage of the language. Hence one can neither write nor speak in any given language without learning its grammar.In order to achieve a perfect teaching learning scenario, the teachers need to facilitate a proper balance of learning both grammar and communication so that any
ESL student can achieve complete efficiency in not just the “acquired” but also the “learned” language.
COMMUNICATION THROUGH DRAMA
Authors: Chakraborti Gora , Lahiri Abhishek , Mitra Sayantan
Published: July 2020

Drama is the most powerful medium of communication. Unlike cinema, it is a two-way communication as there is direct eye contact with the audience and also immediate response or feedback. Entertainment maybe there but through drama, social, political, cultural and ethical messages can
be conveyed to the audience and from them to the common people with a very deep and long lasting impact. Theatre, as a communication medium, has significantly contributed in expressing the huge diversity that prevails in the society, and also different incidents going on about which the common
people are not aware of. Drama, which in India was anciently known as “Bharata’sNatyasastra”, has always been a paradise for art lovers and with time it has steadily evolved in content, form as well as quality. From Shakespeare to Tagore and so on, drama has always been a
very strong medium to create an influence on the audience and hence the society
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES: SELF UNDERSTANDING & MEDIA OF COMMUNICATION
Authors: De Tina , Biswas Sayantani , Saha Suvrojit Kumar
Published: July 2020

The present study is an attempt to understand English for Specific Purposes (ESP) by encompassing various linguists’ efforts to define it, tracing its historical growth and trying to apply as a medium of communication in your own field. Though lots of contradicting views have
been reported in defining this extremely significant branch of ELT, yet, most of the hypothesis are accepted in broadening its horizon and tag it to its specific application. Again, there seems to be certain dichotomies regarding its confinement to basic teaching of English to the beginners.
Actually ESP hyperlinks to all kinds of official communication be it professional, academic or scientific. Thus, there is no specific discipline that is primary in ESP but the specific goal of specific learners which is of interest or in demand. The same has been reinforced by the discussion
related to its absolute and variable characteristics. Historical growth of ESP has also been traced and it has been reported that though it is considered to be a modern approach yet its textbook exist way back in the sixteenth century. Professional ESP courses train the learners and enable
them to function as per the demand of the target situation. Thus an ESP programme should be aim-directed, learner-directed and situation-directed. Ideally an ESP course should have the following three features a) Authentic study material, b) Purpose-related orientation and c) Induced self-direction
through proper guidance. Frontline research whether experimental or theoretical has its own demand of acceptance and recognition in the scientific community but does any author gets panic stricken about the media of communication? Even if fractional percentage does exist then there are a lot
of professional help and way out to battle out the situation. Science and English are mutually exclusive and is the real life example of synergic bonding.
DANCE (BHARATANATYAM): THE ART OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Authors: Chakraborty Aishika , Moin Syed Wasif , Dey Arpita , Bose Ankita
Published: July 2020

This paper describes Bharatnatyam as a mode of non-verbal communication, on average, the properties, how it communicates, and to some extent why and what it communicates. The intentions of the communicator dancer and Choreographers are related to those of the attractive and reactive
public. The thesis compiles a survey of textual sources pin pointing the unique communicative abilities of dance, as an artistic, expressive and meaningful form of non-verbal communication establishing suggestions of the ways it may be universally communicable. Dance is one of the biggest
and most exclusive forms of non-verbal communication. In dance, the human body is used as a medium or tool that transforms itself into a sense of meaning from the source of movement. This article is not only a means of communication from language but also a lot of symbolic and didactic stories,
emotions and so on.
DANCE: AN EIGHTH WONDER
Authors: Talukdar Torsa , Gupta Anushka
Published: July 2020

According to dictionary -‘Dance’ means to move rhythmically to music, typically following a set sequence of steps.Dance is mostly a series of selected sequences of movements of hands (referred as mudras), legs paired with facial expressions in perfect coordinations.There’s
aesthetic symbolism involved in the movements and acknowledged as dance by observers and performers within a specific culture. Dance can be organised according to its origin based on historical period or place.Dance, as we all know, has a great connection with music and rhythm and we shall
see how:-Dance is generally performed with accompaniment of beats of music (leaving exceptions like Tap Dance).Rhythm and Dance are interlinked in history as well as present.Ted Shawn wrote “The conception of rhythm which underlies all studies of the dance is something about
which we could talk forever and not finish.”Rhythm consists of repeating pulse that establishes tempo which serves as an important factor for matching steps while performing an art like dance.
SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING TAKEN FOR GRANTED BY LEARNERS AT TERTIARY LEVEL
Authors: Donkana Kanta Rao
Published: July 2020

English has been widely accepted as lingua fauna of the world and its versatile use is seen in most of the human endeavours in the society. In India, a student with a firm command over English earns a wide scope to explore the world of opportunities and career enhancement in the professional
world. 21st century is the century of cut-throat competition and it is seen all walks of life in the society, so if a student won’t put the best to outperform in the desired fields and career goals, he would be alienated from the world and second language learning is one of
the fields to be mastered in India subcontinent.At tertiary level students mostly concentrates on acquiring professional and technical skills. They put a lot of emphases to master them by scoring decent scores in the academic grade sheets, but tend to forget that academic score and skills
are of no use if not properly communicated in the professional world and workspace without proper second language competence. This paper throws a light on all the issues which make language learning a secondary issue in career building at the tertiary level among students in India.
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSE
Authors: Sarkar Subhamay
Published: July 2020

English for academic purposes (EAP) has emerged out of the broader field of English for specific purposes (ESP), defined by its focus on teaching English specifically to facilitate learners’ study or research through the medium of English. English for academic purposes is differentiated
from English for specific purposes by this focus on academic contexts, but among the applied linguistics and English language teaching fields more widely the view of English for academic purposes as a sub-discipline within English for specific purposes still holds. Both these views are valid,
as the histories of English for specific purposes and English for academic purposes do not distinguish between a view of them as parent to child, or as sister fields. It is not unusual to find articles with English for academic purposes focus in the pages of the English for Specific Purposes
Journal, but English for academic purposes work also appears in all the applied linguistics and English language teaching (ELT) journals from time to time. English for academic purposes entails training students, usually in a higher education setting, to use language appropriately for study.
It is one of the most common forms of English for specific purposes. English for academic purposes is an eclectic and pragmatic discipline: a wide range of linguistic, applied linguistic and educational topics can be considered from the perspective of English for academic purposes, or drawn
in methodologically to inform English for academic purposes.
MUSIC THEORY
Authors: Chakraborty Ananya , Lall Hrithik , Biswas Sreyashi
Published: July 2020

It is only on the higher level of abstraction and generalization that the two human branches of acoustic communication, speech and music are separated from each other. Speech is primarily adjusted to the conceptual-verbal symbols and representation of an objectified, static world. In
the linguistic communication the main role is played by the elements of noise, the consonants. It has never been doubted that music is a kind of communication, the mediator of human relationships, but it has been a question what music wants to express. Since the Pythagoreans, some believe
to find the key to interpreting its message in the common quantifiable nature of the musical medium and the cosmos. Another historical tradition considered music as the direct expression of human emotions. Representants of the doctrine of imitation derived music from the intonation of speech
and the text seems for many to be a support to “understand” music. Music separated from the primary source of sound phenomena and their direct sensual effect constructed a specific communication system. It possesses an inestimable potential richness of discrete pitches and times,
colours and sound intensity. The infinite potentials of successive and simultaneous combinations are suitable for erecting the audible, dynamic models of human relations and types of behavior, internal events and interactions, different situations. European polyphony established a strictly
regulated, closed syntax of musical communication which comes close to conceptual precision.
ENGLISH AS A LANGUAGE FOR CORPORATE COMMUNICATION: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Authors: Chaudhuri Rittika , Chakravorty Niloy , Chowdhury Sovik Sinha
Published: July 2020

English as an international language has made people acknowledge it as a fundamental intermediate of communication. In every International congress and gatherings, English is more often used than any other language. Nowadays, due to immense Globalization, countless organizations are
being set up in various parts of the world, making every step of life more and more competitive.In a cutthroat global marketplace, facing massive industry pressures, it is extremely essential to communicate effectively with external and internal audiences. Successful communications are
progressively more vital for managing an organization’s status and reputation. In the present day to speak and write English proficiently, communication professionals and corporate managers should be well versed in English Language.English has emerged as the global language of trade
and commerce in the past few decades, affecting many key aspects of industries in the modern world. Multinational companies keep English as a basic criterion for selection purpose, thus paving way for people to communicate with people from all around the world.
ENGLISH AS FIRST LANGUAGE VS ENGLISH AS SECOND LANGUAGE
Authors: Paul Avik
Published: July 2020

Before the inception of imperialism of the American, the British had incessantly colonized, most of the impoverished nations. Despite the invincible atrocities monopoly, English gradually emerged as a common medium of communication. In the 21st century, we have seen the widespread growth
of English medium schools in our country, whereby the English is taught as First language. This evidently signifies the preference of English over one’s own mother tongue and also the dialect. In regard to the consciousness of these prevalent culture and social heritage, this often arouses
controversies. As a result many people could not differentiate between the native language and foreign language form of English and often one get more preference than other in wrong environment. However, as it is an undeniable fact that English is a globally accepted language, so we should
understand the difference between English first language and English second language and the importance of both of them.
EDUTAINMENT
Authors: Mukherjee Noyonika
Published: July 2020

The combination of two terms education and entertainment brought out with a new idea i.e. “Edutainment”. The term was first fabricated by ”Walt Disney”, in 1954. It is an interdisciplinary study that enriches someone’s mind to learn and also to entertain
themselves. These method of teaching is applied by teachers to educate students in order to have fun. Problems which are mainly faced by physically challenged children, it is an effective way to enrich them. It is also a relevant way to spread knowledge by educating with fun in slum areas.
This paper mainly underlines the points of psychology behind how to educate children through edutainment and also to have an overview on how to use this educational system in a helpful and an effective way for mentally and physically disabled children, so that they can also get a stable position
in society and make them stand.
Innovation and Creativity in Language Studies
Authors: Kundu Arkajyoti , Mukherjee Rupsa
Published: July 2020

This paper is based on “Innovation and Creativity in Language Studies”. As we all know language is very important for all of us including nature to human being. So this paper will help us to know how we can make the language studies creative which will be more attractive
to people to know about language studies. As we all know language studies is offered by the Linguistics department. Linguistics is scientific study of language. It involves language analysis like language form, language meaning and etc. So this paper will tell you how the creativity and innovative
idea will work in language studies. If we want to make language studies a catchy object then it must be attractive to all. As we know a boring paper never attract people so we have to make it more n more attractive by innovative and creative ideas. Practical work is more effective than a theoretical
work so if we make the language studies classes practically then it will be more acceptable to all. We also can use mobile because nowadays each n everyone has smartphone in their hand. Here mainly we will discuss about the English Language. We will talk how to make the classroom or teaching
skills more funny and interesting.
Integrating Contents with Language through LOTUS Model Impacting Teaching & Learning in English Language Classrooms
Authors: Hema N.
Published: July 2020

English has departed from just being a ‘lingua-franca’ for global citizens. It has become an entry point to the dynamic repository of global knowledge base. Concepts of “Industry 4.0” and “Society 5.0” will effectively alter the gamut of education
in general and technical education in specific. These industrial advancements should be supported by integrating technological advancements and creating ‘sustainable intelligence’ within an employee. This paper attempts to highlight the ‘role of communication’ and integrating
content with language classrooms in transition from one society to another. These amendments to the curriculum, methodology and assessment for accomplishing the requirements of learning a language in general and English in particular. Integrating content with classroom calls for a professional
interaction between the planners, developers and teachers of the institution. The author with the “LOTUS Model” demonstrates how to structure, orient and re-orient components for language teaching-learning for the purpose of establishing provisions for such interactions.
LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Lina Naima Akhter
Published: July 2020

As a perspective, it seems that the main objective of EFL teaching is to facilitate a fluent communication on the target language. This makes many facilitators believe that an ELF class should focus on mastering linguistic components only. But the main concern of EFL facilitators should
be to help learners acquire communicative competence. So, As obvious, the recent trend in EFL teaching indicates necessity of blending literature approach for its rich potential to provide an authentic model of language use. Theoretically, using of literature in language teaching is very advantageous.
This paper will review some ideas and research regarding the importance of literature in language classes. It will show how students are enhanced of learning through literature as an impact of the motivational texts. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize language teachers with the effectiveness
of using literary contents and to teach how to exploit the text for enhancing student’s skills. It will also look for scopes of methodological innovation within teaching language through literary texts. It will include a lesson plan for young learners of an English medium school of Bangladesh
where literature is used in language classes to blend all the skills of learning. It will also provide the potentials and challenges toward using literature as a resource for language teaching.
MUSIC AS A FULCRUM OF COMMUNICATION
Authors: Sen Shreyashi , Hati Rishav , Basu Sourajit , De Ankita , Moitra Souhardya , Goswami Vivekananda
Published: July 2020

This paper focuses on the enormous effect of music on the human psyche and its communicative inherence; it deliberates on its sonorous enticing effects on repairing a broken soul, as well as on its rhythmic harsh resonance in rebuffing an unacceptable behaviour in the society. Music
as an art form, like every other art, in spite of its particularity for organizing sounds, aims to communicate to its audience, to project a musical discourse from a source (singer) to a recipient (listener).“Music is a language that doesn’t speak in particular words. It speaks
in emotions, and if it’s in the bones, it’s in the bones.” — Keith Richards.
Necessity of English Language for Development of Any Nation
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arkajit , Bag Soumyajit , Choudhury Arpita , Maity Sudipa , Chaudhury Antara
Published: July 2020

□ Why is English spoken so widely ? English language can be spoken with the help of just 26 numbers of alphabets This language is very easy to learn for the beginners. Maximum number of people can easily understand language in all over the
world. In modern technology and electronics goods like computers, smart phones, digital watches etc English is used as reading and writing purpose . Not only for the electronics goods but also in various types of social media like Facebook, What’s App, Instagram, Twitter,
Linkdin etc. English is used widely for communication purpose.✓ Reading Skill.✓ Writing Skill.✓ Listing Skill.✓ Speaking Skill.» Confidence and personality analysis and development □ Relation between
English language and society.» Necessity of English language for business.» Quality of English.» English language in sales and marketing.» Types of business.» Impact of English in the corporative world.»
Attitude of English as a language for international development.» Comparison of necessity of English among globalization, business communication and development.» Stronger economic structure depends on stable business policy.» Optimum development
of nations with the help of English language.» English as international language.» English as crucial learning from childhood.
Information Technology in ELT: Prospects and Futures
Authors: Chatterjee Santadip
Published: July 2020

During the last few decades, there has been a marked escalation in the application of IT in the ELT scenario internationally as well as nationally and regionally. In the light of this reality, this paper however not only considers and discusses various uses and usages of IT in ELT,
but also tries to problematize what may be termed the invasion of IT in ELT. A key issue here is an interrogation of the oft-made claim that IT facilitates the personalized learning of the four basic skills (LSRW) sought to be inculcated by and through the English language learning process.
This paper thus examines the extent of the scope and the range of the efficacy of the application of digital technology in ELT praxis in the rural locations and non-urban centric cultural environments. While it is undoubtedly true that IT software and applications do help learners in being
trained in communicative English, distance education, e- learning. Learners can attend online classes of different pedagogues. The question remains as to how far such strategies prepare students to face real-life situations in the material world. Information Technology may also prove beneficial
in English Language Teaching on so far as pedagogic practices related to etymology, phonetics, phonology, and aspects of socio-linguistics are concerned. Hence this paper will also enucleate different perspectives of English Language Teaching through modern technologies. With the effective
application of IT the ordination of wisdom, edification and learning of English may become more fluid and malleable. It is also serve to be learner centric, with the learners being able to perform additional tasks outside the classroom, even as within the classroom they can learn English grammar
by playing miscellaneous grammar games, language games etc. In the emerging climate of artificial intelligence, it will remain to be seen if human-to-human interaction will become redundant in the context of acquisition of language skills. The future remains open.
Saúde dos adolescentes da coorte de nascimentos de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, 1997/1998
Authors: Simões Vanda Maria Ferreira , Batista Rosângela Fernandes Lucena , Alves Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto e , Ribeiro Cecilia Cláudia Costa , Thomaz Erika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca , Carvalho Carolina Abreu de , Silva Antônio Augusto Moura da
Published: July 2020

Resumo: O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência de indicadores de saúde de adolescentes em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, em 2016. Foram estudadas condições sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida, composição corporal, qualidade do sono, atividade física, habilidade cognitiva e risco de suicídio de 2.515 adolescentes com 18 e 19 anos. Os adolescentes pertencem à coorte de nascimento 1997/1998 ou foram incluídos, retrospectivamente, utilizando-se o banco do SINASC (Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos). Os adolescentes eram, principalmente, da classe econômica C (50,1%), 69,5% estudavam, 40,3% trabalhavam e 25,2% não estudavam nem trabalhavam; 60,3% já foram vítimas de assalto e 48,7% tinham pais separados. Apresentaram padrão de consumo nocivo, excessivo ou provável dependência de álcool 19,4%, 19,1% usaram ou estavam usando drogas ilícitas, 53,7% tinham qualidade de sono ruim, 40,8% referiram dor de cabeça frequente, 34,3% declararam tempo de tela por dia maior que cinco horas e 4,1% apresentaram alto risco para suicídio. A prevalência de hipertensão arterial foi de 12% e de obesidade, 6%. As meninas eram mais inativas (80,7%) e apresentaram maior percentual de gordura corporal alto (15,8%) e muito alto (21,5%), já os meninos tiveram maior prevalência de hipertensão arterial (21,2%) e menor prevalência de inatividade física (40,9%). As elevadas prevalências de fatores de risco à saúde aumentam a vulnerabilidade dos adolescentes, expondo estes indivíduos precocemente a fatores que levam ao acometimento cada vez mais cedo de doenças e agravos à saúde.