bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring perceptions of and decision‐making about CFTR modulators
Authors: Landess Lee , Prieur Mary G. , Brown Ashley R. , Dellon Elisabeth P.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Cystic fibrosis (CF) treatment has increasingly focused on highly effective modulators. Despite measurable benefits of modulators, there is little guidance for CF care team members on providing education and support to patients regarding initiation of these therapies. We aimed to explore patient, caregiver, and clinician perceptions of modulators and influences on decisions about starting cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulators.

Methods

We conducted semistructured interviews with CF clinicians, adults with CF, and caregivers of children with CF. We reviewed audio recordings and coded responses to identify central themes.

Results

We interviewed 8 CF clinicians, 9 adults with CF, and 11 caregivers of children with CF. Themes centered on emotional responses to modulator availability, influences on decision‐making, concerns about side effects, impact of modulators on planning for the future, the benefits of the multidisciplinary CF care team in supporting treatment decisions, and the unique needs of people with CF who are not eligible for modulators. Clinicians described changes in conversations about modulators since the approval of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor, specifically greater willingness to prescribe with less nuanced conversations with patients and/or caregivers regarding their use.

Conclusion

Based on perspectives and experiences of CF clinicians, adults with CF, and caregivers of children with CF, we suggest clinicians approach conversations about CFTR modulators thoughtfully and thoroughly, utilizing the multidisciplinary model of CF care in exploring patient and caregiver emotions while filling in knowledge gaps, asking about treatment goals beyond potential clinical benefit, and having compassionate conversations with those who are ineligible for modulators.
Decision‐making analysis in post‐fire and explosion aftermath assessment tool: A fuzzy cognitive mapping approach
Authors: Zakaria Hasnolizar , Muhammad Masdi
Published: March 2024

This assessment tool was created to generate a decision‐making support system and assessment approach for a post‐fire (aftermath) and blast explosion impact. It uses a multidecision analysis neural network. Multidecision analysis is very crucial as the judgment of the assessment relies not only on engineering input but also on many contributing factors, such as lead time for replacement. This article outlines the framework for post‐incident explosion and fire‐damaged assessment using evaluation acceptance criteria and judgment that streamlines the process. Grounded theory (GT) and fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) techniques are presented and evaluated. Overall, this study aims to develop how the project organizations can ensure safety and asset integrity decision‐making by identifying hindrances and later developing a multicriteria analysis framework for the post‐incident assessment phase of implementation.
Enhancing Electrical Transport Performance of Polycrystalline Tin Selenide by Doping Different Elements
Authors: Wei Bin , Zhang Jian , Lin Lin , Wu Tianyu , Cheng Ziwei , Ma Yibo , Li Jia , Yu Shenglong
Published: March 2024

In the face of ever‐evolving energy and environmental challenges, tin selenide (SnSe) has garnered significant attention due to its outstanding thermoelectric performance. The article focuses on the research of easily accessible and highly practical polycrystalline SnSe thermoelectric materials, providing an overview of their crystal structure, band structure, and electrical transport performance. Compared with previous studies, this research classifies elements based on their own properties, mainly dividing them into alkali metals, transition metals, main group metals, halogens, and rare earth (Re) elements. The study systematically summarizes the experimental results of doping SnSe with these elements and analyzes the mechanisms by which different elements enhance the electrical transport performance and thermoelectric figure of merit of polycrystalline SnSe. The enhanced mechanism is mainly achieved by increasing the conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. Finally, a systematic analysis is conducted to identify the factors that improve electrical transport performance, and strategies for enhancing the electrical transport and thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline SnSe through precise doping techniques are discussed, with a prospect for their application in the future.
Effect of hesperidin on blood pressure and lipid profile: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Shylaja Hanumanthappa , Viswanatha Gollapalle Lakshminarayanashastry , Sunil Venkategowda , Hussain Shalam M. , Farhana Syeda Ayesha
Published: March 2024

The cardioprotective activity of hesperidin has been well demonstrated in several clinical studies. Also, there is a meta‐analysis published on this topic in 2019. However, considering the recently published clinical studies, there is a scope for performing a systematic review and meta‐analysis of hesperidin to determine its beneficial effect in alleviating alterations in cardiovascular parameters. In this study, the literature search was performed using online databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar till April 2023 involving randomized controlled studies conducted on hesperidin against various cardiovascular disorders including metabolic disorders in healthy/diseased individuals compared to the placebo/control. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine clinical studies involving 2414 subjects were included. The meta‐analysis revealed that hesperidin has significantly reduced the low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) (IV: −0.55 (−0.94 to −0.16) at 95% CI, p = 0.005, I2 = 70%), total cholesterol (TC) (IV: −61 (−0.82 to −0.41) at 95% CI, p < 0.00001, I2 = 69%), and triglycerides (TG) (IV: −0.21 (−0.40 to −0.02) at 95% CI, p = 0.03, I2 = 12%). However, there were no statistically significant changes in the systolic blood pressure (IV: −0.29 (−2.21 to 1.63) at 95% CI, p = 0.77, I2 = 60%), diastolic blood pressure (IV: 0.79 (−0.74 to 2.31) at 95% CI, p = 0.31, I2 = 49%), and high‐density lipoprotein (IV: 0.04 (−0.25 to 0.34) at 95% CI, p = 0.78, I2 = 56%) in the hesperidin treatment compared to the placebo/control. In conclusion, the outcomes of this meta‐analysis suggest that hesperidin administration could benefit patients with CVD by reducing LDL, TC, and TG. Further high‐quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of hesperidin for its benefits in treating cardiovascular conditions.
Control charts for threshold correlated count data in disease infection number monitoring
Authors: Li Nannan , Li Cong , Wan Jing
Published: March 2024

Timely monitoring is essential for effective disease control and public health management. Early outbreak detection and swift responses inform optimal resource allocation for effective public health protection. Disease incidence datasets often consist of time series counts that exhibit threshold characteristics. Currently, there is limited research on the monitoring of such data in the field of statistical process control. In this paper, we propose a new threshold‐based control chart for threshold autoregressive models, which has been proven to be effective. Several existing efficient control charts are also employed for comparison. We conduct an extensive simulation study using the Monte Carlo method. Finally, the method is applied to the meningitis data that motivated this investigation.
Recent Advances in Low‐Temperature Liquid Electrolyte for Supercapacitors
Authors: Lan Shuqin , Yu Chang , Yu Jinhe , Zhang Xiubo , Liu Yingbin , Xie Yuanyang , Wang Jianjian , Qiu Jieshan
Published: March 2024

As one of the key components of supercapacitors, electrolyte is intensively investigated to promote the fast development of the energy supply system under extremely cold conditions. However, high freezing point and sluggish ion transport kinetics for routine electrolytes hinder the application of supercapacitors at low temperatures. Resultantly, the liquid electrolyte should be oriented to reduce the freezing point, accompanied by other superior characteristics, such as large ionic conductivity, low viscosity and outstanding chemical stability. In this review, the intrinsically physical parameters and microscopic structure of low‐temperature electrolytes are discussed thoroughly, then the previously reported strategies that are used to address the associated issues are summarized subsequently from the aspects of aqueous and non‐aqueous electrolytes (organic electrolyte and ionic liquid electrolyte). In addition, some advanced spectroscopy techniques and theoretical simulation to better decouple the solvation structure of electrolytes and reveal the link between the key physical parameters and microscopic structure are briefly presented. Finally, the further improvement direction is put forward to provide a reference and guidance for the follow‐up research.
Visual Sensor with Host–Guest Specific Recognition and Light–Electrical Co‐Controlled Switch
Authors: Liu Jia‐ning , Du Kui , Guo Jia‐hao , Wang Dan , Gong Cheng‐bin , Tang Qian
Published: March 2024

Perception of UV radiation has important applications in medical health, industrial production, electronic communication, etc. In numerous application scenarios, there is an increasing demand for the intuitive and low‐cost detection of UV radiation through colorimetric visual behavior, as well as the efficient and multi‐functional utilization of UV radiation. However, photodetectors based on photoconductive modes or photosensitive colorimetric materials are not conducive to portable or multi‐scene applications owing to their complex and expensive photosensitive components, potential photobleaching, and single‐stimulus response behavior. Here, a multifunctional visual sensor based on the “host–guest photo‐controlled permutation” strategy and the “lock and key” model is developed. The host–guest specific molecular recognition and electrochromic sensing platform is integrated at the micro‐molecular scale, enabling multi‐functional and multi‐scene applications in the convenient and fast perception of UV radiation, military camouflage, and information erasure at the macro level of human–computer interaction through light–electrical co‐controlled visual switching characteristics. This light–electrical co‐controlled visual sensor based on an optoelectronic multi‐mode sensing system is expected to provide new ideas and paradigms for healthcare, microelectronics manufacturing, and wearable electronic devices owing to its advantages of signal visualization, low energy consumption, low cost, and versatility.
A trustworthy data collection approach from sensor nodes using trust score of mobile vehicles for smart city
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Tyagi Akshit , Agarwal Kadambri , Kumari Saru , Chen Chien‐Ming
Published: March 2024

In smart cities, a substantial amount of data is collected for analytics and a better life for the citizens. The schemes based on data collection through mobile vehicles (MV) and further verification of that data through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are popular. Many trust‐based schemes of the MV have been proposed recently. However, these schemes suffered from recognition accuracy, judgment trust, and collusion attack problems. In this paper, we propose a Gompetz function‐based trust evaluation scheme. In this scheme, the direct trust of the MV is computed by comparing the data provided by the MV and the same reported by the UAV. Since the UAV can collect only limited data, indirect trust of the vehicle is computed by comparing the data reported by the MV and the same reported by the MV having the highest trust. We also applied the variable trust, which considers the recent Trust of the MVs. Then, combining all these trusts with significant weight, the final trust score of the MV is computed. After experimenting, our proposed scheme is more credible and removes the shortcomings of the existing methods by providing better recognition, accuracy, judgment, and trust.
Autonomous and IoT‐driven intralogistics for Industry 4.0 warehouses: A thematic analysis of the literature
Authors: Grover Abhay K. , Ashraf Muhammad Hasan
Published: March 2024

Eyeing superior operational performance, transportation, and warehousing management, researchers have turned their much‐needed attention to autonomous and IoT‐driven intralogistics systems. Despite its potential, a systematic evaluation of its overall business needs and the criteria for its success at each stage of adoption is missing in the literature. Using the business analysis framework, augmented by the technology adoption model, this study seeks to provide the business context for adopting autonomous and IoT‐driven intralogistics by identifying business requirements and critical success factors for such systems. We thematically analyze 85 recent research articles on autonomous and IoT‐driven intralogistics systems to identify business requirements that are linked to the mission of maximizing operational profit for the warehousing and storage industry. Then, using the identified business requirements as a base, we thematically analyze those 85 research articles again to identify critical success factors at different stages of technology adoption, namely information, analysis, acquisition, and utilization. We use the findings to develop propositions for future researchers. These findings provide a foundation for developing empirical, descriptive, and normative research on adopting and managing these systems for the warehousing and storage industry.
Mapping the genetic architecture of low‐temperature stress tolerance in citron watermelon
Authors: Katuuramu Dennis N. , Levi Amnon , Wechter William P.
Published: March 2024

Sweet‐fleshed watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an important vegetable crop of the tropical origin. It is widely grown and consumed around the world for its hydration and nutritional quality values. Low‐temperature stress can affect early planting, seedling establishment, and expansion of crop production to new areas. A collection of 122 citron watermelon (Citrullus amarus) accessions were obtained from the USDA's National Plant Germplasm Repository System gene bank in Griffin, GA. The accessions were genotyped using whole genome resequencing to generate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) molecular markers and screened under cold‐stressed and non‐stressed control conditions. Four low‐temperature stress tolerance related traits including shoot biomass, vine length, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II, and chlorophyll content were measured under cold‐stressed and non‐stressed control treatment conditions. Correlation analysis revealed the presence of positive relationships among traits. Broad‐sense heritability for all traits ranged from 0.35 to 0.73, implying the presence of genetic contributions to the observed phenotypic variation. Genomic regions underlying these traits across several citron watermelon chromosomes were identified. Four low‐temperature stress tolerance related putative candidate genes co‐located with the peak SNPs from genome‐wide association study. These genomic regions and marker information could potentially be used in molecular breeding to accelerate genetic improvements for low‐temperature stress tolerance in watermelon.
LGBTQ‐Inclusive Read‐Alouds in a Second‐Grade Classroom
Authors: Papola‐Ellis Aimee , Hollenberg Katie
Published: March 2024

As more challenges occur to erase LGBTQ identities in the classroom, it is essential for educators to learn ways to become more inclusive. Using children's literature is a powerful way to include and center all identities. In this article, we share the journey and work of 1 s‐grade teacher on a path to become more LGBTQ‐inclusive with read‐alouds.
Ventricular empyema in a dog diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging and immediate postmortem cerebrospinal fluid culture
Authors: Ashford Matthew J. , Humphreys William J. E. , Phillipps Stephanie A.
Published: March 2024

A 1‐year 5‐month‐old, female, neutered springer spaniel presented collapsed in extensor rigidity. The dog had undergone ovariectomy 6 weeks previously, and a tooth root abscess was documented 2 months before this. Neurological signs were first reported 24 days after surgery, starting with lethargy and tremors, which progressed to generalised tonic‐clonic cluster seizures with inter‐ictal neurological deficits by 33 days after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a conspicuous fluid–fluid level in the lateral ventricles consistent with ventricular empyema. Treatment was declined in favour of euthanasia, but postmortem cerebrospinal fluid sample showed marked pleocytosis with elevated protein and cultured a heavy growth of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. The magnetic resonance imaging findings and positive cerebrospinal fluid culture were consistent with bacterial meningoencephalitis. Aetiology in this case was unknown, but may have been secondary to haematogenous spread, which is a rare but potential sequel to abdominal surgery, or intracranial extension of an oral infection.
Genetic characterisation of canine adenovirus type 1 in an 18‐month‐old mixed breed male dog and its effect on clinico‐pathology, hemato‐biochemistry and serum oxidant–antioxidant status
Authors: Chakraborty Pradyumna , Behera Suvendu Kumar , Arya Rahul Singh , Maibam Leibaknganbi , Lalhriatchhungi Mary H.
Published: March 2024

An 18‐month‐old, mixed breed male dog was presented with hypothermia, recumbency, hematemesis, melena, and moribund condition, and screened by rapid antigen detection kit followed by polymerase chain reaction confirmation for canine adenovirus type 1 infection. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequence revealed clustering with Indian, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Chinese, and Australian sequences with amino acid homology of 98.81%–100%. There was a mutation (N127D) in the E3 protein encoding sequence, which was hitherto reported only in one Indian (GQ340423) sequence. Haemogram revealed anaemia, neutropenic leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Serum biochemistry revealed marked hyperglycaemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and an increase in the activities of hepatic enzymes. Serum oxidant antioxidant parameters revealed a marked increase in the level of oxidant and a decreased level of antioxidants. Postmortem examination revealed multifocal necrotic patches in the liver, marked haemorrhage in the stomach and intestines, emphysematous lungs, splenomegaly, and congested kidney. Histopathology revealed necrohaemorrhagic hepatitis and intranuclear inclusion bodies in the hepatocytes and glomerular degeneration.
Conclusion: Anatomy of a Film Studio
Authors: Street Sarah
Published: March 2024

This chapter brings together the arguments advanced in the book concerning how a materialist, ‘tectonic’ focuses on a major, surviving film studio during pivotal years of its lifetime set in train an infrastructure that contributed to its longevity as a major international film studio that is still operating. It constitutes a test case of how a micro history of such an enterprise augments and on occasion revises established historical interpretations. It reflects on the contrasting experience of Denham, Britain’s other premier studio also opened in 1936, but which was closed by Rank in 1952. Why Pinewood survived, it is argued, is rooted in the post-war years, the development of the studios’ physical and material infrastructure and practices, and the experience of producing films within a culture of constraint, key areas which have featured as the book’s central themes.
The Use of 3D Documentation for Investigating Archaeological Artefacts
Authors: Pendić Jugoslav , Molloy Barry
Published: March 2024

While 3D rendering of archaeological features in the field is becoming a standard documentary procedure, in the case of objects it remains less well-integrated as a functional resource, when compared to conventional illustration and photography. This paper examines the current state of the art for 3D data workflows, as used in the study of material culture in archaeology. In doing so, we touch upon the historical-technological background of this mode of documentation and observe its current level of impact on what we may consider normal ways of interacting with archaeological assemblages. We underline how current data-management and production issues diminish potential interoperability across 3D model-making platforms and lead to an escalation in data-storage consumption.
More Than Just Documenting the Past: 15 Years of 3D Scanning at the Archaeological Heritage Office of Saxony
Authors: Innerhofer Florian , Reuter Thomas , Coburger Conny
Published: March 2024

The 3D find documentation has been an essential part of the Archaeological Heritage Office of Saxony since 2005. The great effectiveness, the considerable gains in accuracy and the consistently high quality of the data have established the 3D laboratory as a centre of expertise. Using the three close-range scanners, over 24,000 objects had been scanned and documented by mid-2020. Various projects, such as the excavation of the Neolithic well at Altscherbitz, the DFG project ‘Automated Classification’ and the international, EU-funded projects on medieval mining in the Erzgebirge, clearly show the advantages of the high-resolution digitisation of archaeological finds. In addition to standard applications, industrial methods are being used to address research questions in archaeology and conservation. For example, dimensional changes during the conservation of waterlogged wooden finds are monitored by multiple scans and wear-and-tear traces are detected and examined. Furthermore, the 3D data are employed in the important area of knowledge transfer in exhibitions and public relations. With the help of common rendered graphics, animations, 3D printing and VR/AR applications, the research results and knowledge thus acquired are presented. With the publication of the Internet portal Archaeo | 3D, a platform has been created to present the 3D data from the last 15 years to both professionals and interested members of the public.
Cross-Modal Search and Exploration of Greek Painted Pottery
Authors: Trinkl Elisabeth , Karl Stephan , Lengauer Stefan , Preiner Reinhold , Schreck Tobias
Published: March 2024

This paper focuses on digitally-supported research methods for an important group of cultural heritage objects, the Greek pottery, especially with figured decoration. The design, development and application of new digital methods for searching, comparing, and visually exploring these vases need an interdisciplinary approach to effectively analyse the various features of the vases, like shape, decoration, and manufacturing techniques, and relationships between the vases. We motivate the need and opportunities by a multimodal representation of the objects, including 3D shape, material, and painting. We then illustrate a range of innovative methods for these representations, including quantified surface and capacity comparison, material analysis, image flattening from 3D objects, retrieval and comparison of shapes and paintings, and multidimensional data visualization. We also discuss challenges and future work in this area.
Diffusionics: Basic Theory and Theoretical Framework
Authors: Zhuang Pengfei
Published: March 2024

Diffusionics, distinct from traditional physical laws, focuses on designing material parameters to actively control diffusion fields. The introduction of transformation theory provides a novel method to achieve active control of diffusion transport, leading to the design of devices with unique functions such as cloaks, concentrators, and rotators. However, materials corresponding to the parameters designed by transformation theory are challenging to find in nature. Therefore, the spatial arrangement of one or multiple materials to effectively achieve the desired parameters has become an alternative approach, indirectly spurring the development of metamaterials. This article reviews the fundamental theories and theoretical framework in diffusion science. We first introduce the basic concept of transformation theory, followed by a review of alternative theories such as effective medium theory and scattering cancellation theory. To study topological phenomena in diffusion systems and space-time modulated systems, the foundations of quantum mechanics, namely matrix mechanics and wave mechanics, are employed. Lastly, the article summarizes some challenges in diffusion science theory, which may be addressed by other methods in the future, such as transformation field methods and machine learning approaches.
Unveiling the Thermal Cloak: A Journey from Theoretical Foundations to Cutting-Edge Applications
Authors: Yang Fu-Bao , Huang Ji-Ping
Published: March 2024

The idea of “thermal invisibility” has secured a pivotal position in both academic exploration and real-world application. Within the academic realm, the advent of thermal metamaterials has seamlessly intertwined with the principles of thermal invisibility, propelling this domain to the vanguard of contemporary research. Practically speaking, the potential of thermal invisibility is vast, encompassing realms from environmental stewardship and avant-garde chip engineering to intricate facets of national defense. This chapter delves holistically into the odyssey of thermal invisibility, tracing its journey from nascent theoretical musings to state-of-the-art implementations. We initiate by navigating the bedrock techniques undergirding thermal invisibility designs, including transformation theory, scattering cancellation theory, and topological optimization, while deep-diving into the substantial research orbiting these paradigms. Progressing further, we spotlight three game-changing advancements in thermal invisibility: carpet cloaks, ITR-free thermal cloaks, and thermal domes. These breakthroughs adeptly address the challenges intrinsic to conventional thermal cloaks, such as fabrication intricacies, the repercussions of interfacial thermal resistance, and application constraints. Notably, the evolution of thermal invisibility dovetails with the maturation of thermal metamaterials. Through this overview, we aim to furnish readers with a refreshed vantage point on the historical arc of this enthralling discipline.
Convective Heat Transfer in Porous Materials
Authors: Yang Fu-Bao , Huang Ji-Ping
Published: March 2024

Thermal convection stands out as an exceptionally efficient thermal transport mechanism, distinctly separate from conduction and radiation. Yet, the inherently elusive nature of fluid motion poses challenges in accurately controlling convective heat flow. While recent innovations have harnessed thermal convection to achieve effective thermal conductivity, fusing thermal convection in liquids and thermal conduction in solids together to form hybrid thermal metamaterials is still challenging. In this chapter, we introduce the latest progress in convective heat transfer. Leveraging the right porous materials as a medium allows for a harmonious balance and synergy between convection and conduction, establishing stable heat and fluid flows. This paves the way for the innovative advancements in transformation thermotics. These findings demonstrate the remarkable tunability of convective heat transport in complex multicomponent thermal metamaterials.
$$ T\overline{T} $$-deformed entanglement entropy for IQFT
Authors: He Miao , Hou Jue , Jiang Yunfeng
Published: March 2024

Abstract

We calculate the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed entanglement entropy for integrable quantum field theories (IQFTs) using the form factor bootstrap approach. We solve the form factor bootstrap axioms for the branch-point twist fields and obtain the deformed form factors. Using these form factors, we compute the deformed von Neuman entropy up to two particle contributions. The solution of the form factor axioms is not unique. We find that for the simplest solution of the bootstrap axioms, the UV limit of the entanglement entropy takes the same form as the undeformed one, but the effective central charge is deformed. For solutions with additional CDD-like factors, we can have different behaviors. The IR corrections, which only depends on the particle spectrum is untouched.
Disrupting PIAS3-mediated SUMOylation of MLK3 ameliorates poststroke neuronal damage and deficits in cognitive and sensorimotor behaviors
Authors: Jiang Yu , Hu Lulu , Wang Baixue , Zhang Bingge , Shao Mengwen , Meng Li , Xu Yan , Chen Rourou , Li Meng , Du Caiping
Published: March 2024

Activated small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) have been implicated in neuropathological processes following ischemic stroke. However, the target proteins of SUMOylation and their contribution to neuronal injury remain to be elucidated. MLK3 (mixed-lineage kinase 3), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family, is a critical regulator of neuronal lesions following cerebral ischemia. Here, we found that SUMOylation of MLK3 increases in both global and focal ischemic rodent models and primary neuronal models of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). SUMO1 conjugation at the Lys401 site of MLK3 promoted its activation, stimulated its downstream p38/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) cascades, and led to cell apoptosis. The interaction of MLK3 with PIAS3, a SUMO ligase, was elevated following ischemia and reperfusion. The PINIT domain of PIAS3 was involved in direct interactions with MLK3. Overexpression of the PINIT domain of PIAS3 disrupted the MLK3-PIAS3 interaction, inhibited SUMOylation of MLK3, suppressed downstream signaling, and reduced cell apoptosis and neurite damage. In rodent ischemic models, the overexpression of the PINIT domain reduced brain lesions and alleviated deficits in learning, memory, and sensorimotor functions. Our findings demonstrate that brain ischemia-induced MLK3 SUMOylation by PIAS3 is a potential target against poststroke neuronal lesions and behavioral impairments.
Shaping tomorrow’s support: baseline clinical characteristics predict later social functioning and quality of life in schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Authors: Hao Jiasi , Tiles-Sar Natalia , Habtewold Tesfa Dejenie , Liemburg Edith J. ,   Genetic Risk Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators, de Haan Lieuwe , Schirmbeck Frederike , Simons Claudia J. P. , van Amelsvoort Therese , Veling Wim , Bruggeman Richard , van der Meer Lisette , Alizadeh Behrooz Z.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

We aimed to explore the multidimensional nature of social inclusion (mSI) among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), and to identify the predictors of 3-year mSI and the mSI prediction using traditional and data-driven approaches.

Methods

We used the baseline and 3-year follow-up data of 1119 patients from the Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP) cohort in the Netherlands. The outcome mSI was defined as clusters derived from combined analyses of thirteen subscales from the Social Functioning Scale and the brief version of World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaires through K-means clustering. Prediction models were built through multinomial logistic regression (ModelMLR) and random forest (ModelRF), internally validated via bootstrapping and compared by accuracy and the discriminability of mSI subgroups.

Results

We identified five mSI subgroups: “very low (social functioning)/very low (quality of life)” (8.58%), “low/low” (12.87%), “high/low” (49.24%), “medium/high” (18.05%), and “high/high” (11.26%). The mSI was robustly predicted by a genetic predisposition for SSD, premorbid adjustment, positive, negative, and depressive symptoms, number of met needs, and baseline satisfaction with the environment and social life. The ModelRF (61.61% [54.90%, 68.01%]; P =0.013) was cautiously considered outperform the ModelMLR (59.16% [55.75%, 62.58%]; P =0.994).

Conclusion

We introduced and distinguished meaningful subgroups of mSI, which were modestly predictable from baseline clinical characteristics. A possibility for early prediction of mSI at the clinical stage may unlock the potential for faster and more impactful social support that is specifically tailored to the unique characteristics of the mSI subgroup to which a given patient belongs.
D-histidine combated biofilm formation and enhanced the effect of amikacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro
Authors: Zhang Haichuan , Mi Zhongwen , Wang Junmin , Zhang Jing
Published: March 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogenic microorganism that poses a significant challenge in clinical treatment. Antibiotics exhibit limited efficacy against mature biofilm, culminating in an increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant strains. Therefore, novel strategies are essential to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. D-histidine has been previously identified as a prospective anti-biofilm agent. However, limited attention has been directed towards its impact on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Therefore, this study was undertaken to explore the effect of D-histidine on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. Our results demonstrated that D-histidine downregulated the mRNA expression of virulence and quorum sensing (QS)-associated genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 without affecting bacterial growth. Swarming and swimming motility tests revealed that D-histidine significantly reduced the motility and pathogenicity of PAO1. Moreover, crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that D-histidine inhibited biofilm formation and triggered the disassembly of mature biofilms. Notably, D-histidine increased the susceptibility of PAO1 to amikacin compared to that in the amikacin-alone group. These findings underscore the efficacy of D-histidine in combating Pseudomonas aeruginosa by reducing biofilm formation and increasing biofilm disassembly. Moreover, the combination of amikacin and D-histidine induced a synergistic effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, suggesting the potential utility of D-histidine as a preventive strategy against biofilm-associated infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Small-scale movements and site fidelity of two sympatric sea turtle species at a remote atoll
Authors: Sanchez Cheryl L. , Bunbury Nancy , Mortimer Jeanne A. , A’Bear Luke , Appoo Jennifer , Betts Michael , von Brandis Rainer , Cook Lorraine , van de Crommenacker Janske , Currie Jock C. , Doak Naomi , Fleischer-Dogley Frauke , Mahoune Terrence , Mederic Emma , Mels Bruno , Pistorius Pierre , Richards Heather , Samedi Uzice , Casale Paolo
Published: March 2024

Understanding natural movement patterns and ecological roles of marine megafauna is a research priority best studied in areas with minimal human impact. The spatial distribution patterns specifically for immature turtles at foraging grounds have been highlighted as a research gap for effective management and conservation strategies for sea turtle populations. Capture–mark–recapture (CMR) records (n = 2287) of 1672 immature green (Chelonia mydas) (n = 1158) and hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) (n = 514) from a long-term (1981–2021) in-water CMR program at Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles, were analyzed for 10 sites (0.35–25 km apart). Site fidelity was not correlated with either season or turtle size. Green turtles had lower site fidelity than hawksbill turtles. Green turtles showed avoidance (i.e., opposite of fidelity) of three sites, while hawksbill turtles displayed high fidelity to two sites. Sites displaying non-random behavior (avoidance and/or fidelity) did not share the same benthic habitat types. Results indicate that fidelity can be detected at a fine scale with CMR, but that further exploration into the habitat characteristics of the sites and the ecological roles of both species at the atoll is needed.
Effects of inoculation and dry matter content on microbiome dynamics and metabolome profiling of sorghum silage
Authors: Kharazian Zohreh Akhavan , Xu Dongmei , Su Rina , Guo Xusheng
Published: March 2024

Sorghum forage was ensiled for 90 days at two dry matter (DM) contents (27 vs. 39%) without or with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum inoculation. On day 90 of fermentation, silages were sampled to assess the microbial community dynamics and metabolome profile. L. plantarum inoculation improved silage quality, as shown by a lower pH and greater acetic acid concentration. Loss of DM remained unaffected by L. plantarum inoculation but was greater in low- vs. high-DM sorghum silages (14.4 vs. 6.62%). The microbiome analysis revealed that Pseudomonas congelans represented the dominant species of the epiphytic microbiota in both low- and high-DM sorghum forage before ensiling. However, L. buchneri represented the dominant species at the end of ensiling. Ensiling fermentation resulted in distinct metabolic changes in silages with varying DM content. In low-DM silages, ensiling fermentation led to the accumulation of 24 metabolites and a reduction in the relative concentration of 13 metabolites. In high-DM silages, ensiling fermentation resulted in an increase in the relative concentration of 26 metabolites but a decrease in the concentration of 8 metabolites. Compared to non-inoculated silages, L. plantarum inoculation resulted in an increased concentration of 3 metabolites and a reduced concentration of 5 metabolites in low-DM silages. Similarly, in high-DM silages, there was an elevation in the relative concentration of 3 metabolites, while a decrease in 7 other metabolites. Ten metabolites with bio-functional activity were identified, including chrysoeriol, isorhamnetin, petunidin 3-glucoside, apigenin, caffeic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-cinnamic acid, herniarin, and 3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of microbiome and metabolome profiling of sorghum forage during ensiling as a function of DM content and L. plantarum inoculation, with a particular emphasis on identifying metabolites that may possess bio-functional properties.

Key points

• DM loss was not different by L. plantarum but higher in low- vs. high-DM silage.

• L. buchneri dominated ensiling, regardless of DM level.

• 10 metabolites with bio-functional activity were identified.
Pediatric neurosurgery training during residency in Switzerland and the need for dedicated subspecialization training
Authors: Greuter Ladina , Licci Maria , Guzman Raphael , Soleman Jehuda
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Pediatric Neurosurgery as a subspeciality started to emerge during the late 1950s, with only a few dedicated pediatric neurosurgeons in the Western world. Over the last few decades, the awareness that children require subspecialized care by dedicated pediatric neurosurgeons and an interdisciplinary team has been growing worldwide, leading to an increase in pediatric neurosurgeons. Several studies have shown that subspecialized care for pediatric patients improves outcomes and is cost-effective. This survey aims to assess the current setting of pediatric neurosurgery and training of neurosurgical residents in pediatric neurosurgery in Switzerland.

Methods

We conducted an online survey by sending e-mail invitations in 2021 to all neurosurgical residents in Switzerland. The survey included questions regarding the participants' demographics, current workplace structures, the care of specific pediatric neurosurgical pathologies, and participants’ opinions of the Swiss training program for pediatric neurosurgery and possible improvement. We defined at the beginning of the survey that a pediatric neurosurgeon is a board-certified neurosurgeon with at least one year of dedicated pediatric neurosurgical fellowship training abroad.

Results

We received a total of 25 responses from residents, of which 20 (80%) were male. Twenty-two participants (88%) worked in one of seven major hospitals in Switzerland at the time of the survey, and four (16%) were interested in pursuing a fellowship in pediatric neurosurgery. Seven (35%) and five residents (25%) feel comfortable taking care on the ward of a craniosynostosis and hydrocephalus patient younger than 6 months, respectively. Twelve residents (60%) feel comfortable taking care of a pediatric brain tumor patient. The majority (n = 22, 88%) of all residents agree that a fellowship-trained pediatric neurosurgeon should treat children, while two (8%) residents state that any neurosurgeon with an interest in pediatric neurosurgery should be able to treat children. All residents (n = 25, 100%) agree that pediatric neurosurgery training and care in Switzerland needs to be improved.

Conclusion

Pediatric neurosurgery training in Switzerland is rather heterogeneous and not very well structured, with varying frequencies of children-specific neurosurgical pathologies. Most residents agreed that a subspecialized pediatric neurosurgeon should oversee the care of children in neurosurgery, while all agree that pediatric neurosurgical training and care should be improved in Switzerland.
Awareness, knowledge and attitudes of human papillomavirus infection, screening and vaccination: a survey study in Greece
Authors: Pergialiotis Vasilios , Papageorgiou Dimitrios , Douligeris Athanasios , Mortaki Anastasia , Vlachos Dimitrios Efthymios , Thomakos Nikolaos , Rodolakis Alexandros , Haidopoulos Dimitrios
Published: March 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the awareness and existing knowledge of a portion of the Greek population about prevention, screening, and HPV vaccination.

Methods

A questionnaire designed in Google forms has been distributed through social media between June 2021 and December 2021 in men and women aged > 16 years old. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20.0 program. Inferential analysis was performed to evaluate differences in responses among men and women.

Results

We enrolled 2685 participants. Of those, 2285 were women, 386 were men, while 14 respondents chose not to respond to this question. Various age groups were detected with those aged between 26 and 30 years old being the predominant one. Participants with a higher education constituted 36.5% of the population. Most respondents were married (59.8%). In socioeconomic terms 75.5% of participants were employed whereas, monthly income ranged between 1000 and 1500 euros in the predominant group (36.8%). Only 40% of females and 3.9% of males were vaccinated against HPV. Adolescent immunization, acceptability rates reached 92.7% among female and 82.1% among male responders. Although, only a small proportion of the participants were not aware of the existence of HPV, 24.1% of males and 23.4% of females had the impression that condom use may provide absolute immunity to HPV and only 51.6% of males and 60.4% of females were aware about the high prevalence of HPV in the general population. Logistic regression analysis indicated that male participants as well as those aged > 50 years and those choosing to reject vaccination had decreased knowledge of the basic pathophysiology of HPV infection, as well as knowledge related to the existence and use of HPV DNA as a screening tool and the existence and efficacy of HPV vaccination.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that although awareness of the existence of HPV infection is high in Greek general population, the actual perception of the pathophysiology of transmission and importance of HPV testing and vaccination is low. Targeting specific population groups is essential to help increase HPV coverage and screening.
Catch me if you can—emission patterns of human bodies in relation to postmortem changes
Authors: Schieweck Alexandra , Schulz Nicole , Amendt Jens , Birngruber Christoph , Holz Franziska
Published: March 2024

The present study examines for the first time the emission patterns and olfactory signatures of 9 complete human corpses of different stages of decomposition. Air sampling was performed inside the body bags with solid sorbents and analysed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after thermal desorption (TD-GC-MS). Furthermore, odour-related substances were detected by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). Sulfurous compounds (mainly dimethyl di- and trisulfide) were identified as most important to the odour perception. Around 350 individual organic substances were detected by TD-GC-MS, notably sulfurous and nitrogenous substances as well as branched alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters and ethers. A range of terpenes was detected for the first time in a characteristic emission pattern over all decomposition stages. Concentrations of the substances varied greatly, and no correlation between the emission patterns, the stage of decomposition and the cause of death could be found. While previous studies often analysed pig cadavers or only parts of human tissue, the present study shows the importance of analysing complete human corpses over a range of decomposition stages. Moreover, it is shown that using body bags as a kind of “emission test chamber” is a very promising approach, also because it is a realistic application considering the usual transport and store of a body before autopsy.

Graphical abstract
Österreichischer Bergbau und Klimawandel: Umfrage zur Perzeption und Positionierung von im österreichischen Bergbau tätigen Personen
Authors: Forstinger Franziska , Meyer Anna , Tost Michael
Published: March 2024

Bereits vor über 30 Jahren waren sich die Vereinten Nationen einig, dass dem anthropogenen Klimawandel dringend entgegengewirkt werden müsse. Der Industriesektor Bergbau kann einen großen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz leisten. Wie dieser derzeit aussieht, wurde im Zuge einer Umfrage unter österreichischen Bergbautreibenden untersucht. Neben betrieblichen Maßnahmen wurden auch Einstellung zum Klimawandel, persönliche Maßnahmen sowie der Wissensstand der im Bergbau tätigen Personen erhoben. Ergebnisse der Befragung zeigen, dass die Mehrheit der Unternehmen gegenüber 70 % der in der Umfrage aufgelisteten betrieblichen Maßnahmen positiv gestimmt ist. Dazu zählen beispielsweise nicht nur die von 94 % implementierte Berechnung des Energieverbrauchs, sondern auch Maßnahmen, die zurzeit kaum vollständig realisiert, jedoch zunehmend geplant sind, wie der von 6 % umgesetzte Energiebezug aus vollständig erneuerbaren Quellen. Außerdem können etwa zwei Drittel der Befragten unternehmerische Vorteile aus dem Klimawandel ziehen.