bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acne Vulgaris and Rosacea
Authors: Del Rosso James Q
Published: January 2021

Acne vulgaris is the most common disorder seen in general dermatology practice, accounting for approximately 10% of visits each year. Both sexes and all ethnicities are affected, usually in the late preteenage or early teenage years. Both inflammatory and comedonal lesions of acne vulgaris characteristically involve the face, but truncal involvement is also relatively common. Multiple clinical presentations may be observed, with severity often progressing over time during adolescence. Severe forms of acne vulgaris can be especially disfiguring and debilitating, and are more likely to lead to permanent scarring. Therapeutic options are chosen primarily on the basis of clinical severity, with adjustments in treatment made on the basis of response or disease progression. Rosacea begins in adulthood, usually in the third decade of life or later. The disorder predominantly affects the central face in fair-skinned people, mostly those of northern European ancestry, although individuals of any race may be affected. Rosacea may present as one or more of a variety of clinical phenotypes (subtypes); it is a chronic disorder characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission. Fortunately, rosacea is not associated with scarring, although a subset of patients may develop localized proliferations of sebaceous and fibrous tissue called a phyma. Like acne vulgaris, rosacea may also adversely impact quality of life. Figures in this chapter illustrate acne vulgaris and inflammatory papules. Tables detail laboratory evaluation for women with acne vulgaris and hyperandrogenism, surgical/physical modality options for specific acne lesions and acne scars, major topical therapies for acne vulgaris, and commonly prescribed systemic therapies for acne. This chapter contains 50 references.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Alur-Gupta Snigdha , Dokras Anuja
Published: January 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. In this review, the pathophysiology and current diagnostic criteria for PCOS are reviewed. Treatment options for symptoms commonly associated with PCOS such as hirsutism, acne, and menstrual irregularity are reviewed. Combined hormonal contraceptives are the first line of therapy in women not attempting pregnancy. The metabolic complications commonly associated with PCOS are impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia. A summary of the current guidelines on screening and prevention of these complications is presented. In addition, PCOS is associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms and anxiety disorders for which patients should be monitored.

This review contains 5 tables and 57 references. 
Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS
Comprehensive Overview of Pediatric Airway Management
Authors: Woolridge Dale , Goldberg Lisa , Pacheco Garrett S.
Published: January 2021

Pediatric endotracheal intubation is a procedure that can be stress provoking to the emergency physician. Although the need for this core skill is rare, when confronted with this situation, the emergency physician must have knowledge of the anatomic, physiologic, and pathologic components unique to the pediatric airway to optimize success. Furthermore, the emergency physician should be well versed in the various equipment and adjuncts as well as techniques developed to effectively manage the pediatric airway. This review covers the pathophysiology and practice of endotracheal intubation. Figures show a gum elastic bougie; the Mallampati classification; appropriate oropharyngeal, laryngeal, and tracheal axes; advancing the laryngoscope to lift the epiglottis; endotracheal tube position in neonates; and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation pressure-regulated volume control mechanical ventilation. Tables list endotracheal tube sizes, neonatal endotracheal tube sizes, pediatric laryngeal mask airway sizes, commonly used induction agents, and endotracheal tube insertion depth guidelines.
This review contains 6 figures, 8 tables, and 77 references.
Key words: emergent tracheal intubation; endotracheal tube; laryngoscopy; pediatric airway; pediatric airway management; pediatric endotracheal intubation; pediatric laryngeal mask; video laryngoscopy
Pediatric Abdominal Emergencies
Authors: Bullard-Berent Jeffrey , Kornblith Aaron
Published: January 2021

Pediatric abdominal emergencies represent a diverse group of conditions affecting children of all ages and are a common cause of emergency department visits. The challenge for emergency physicians is discerning which child presenting with the common complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea has an abdominal emergency. The emergency physician must use a thorough history, developmentally appropriate examination skills, and integration of his or her knowledge base to arrive at the correct diagnosis. This review evaluates the most common pediatric abdominal emergencies organized by chronicity from birth to adolescents: midgut volvulus, infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, incarcerated inguinal hernia, ileocecal intussusception, Meckel diverticulum, and appendicitis. Readers will understand common presentations as well as the evaluation and treatment options for each diagnosis.  
This review contains 7 figures, 9 tables and 64 references
Key words: abdominal pain, appendicitis, hernia, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, intussusception, Meckel diverticulum, midgut volvulus
Noninvasive and Invasive Ventilatory Support II
Authors: Park Pauline K. , Werner Nicole L , Haas Carl
Published: January 2021

Invasive and noninvasive ventilation are important tools in the clinician’s armamentarium for managing acute respiratory failure. Although these modalities do not treat the underlying disease, they can provide the necessary oxygenation and ventilatory support until the causal pathology resolves. Care must be taken as even appropriate application can cause harm. Knowledge of pulmonary mechanics, appreciation of the basic machine settings, and an understanding of how common and advanced modes function allows the clinician to optimally tailor support to the patient while limiting iatrogenic injury. This second chapter reviews indications for mechanical ventilation, routine management, troubleshooting, and liberation from mechanical ventilation

This review contains 6 figures, 7 tables and 60 references
Keywords: Mechanical ventilation, lung protective ventilation, sedation, ventilator-induced lung injury, liberation from mechanical ventilation
Local Treatment in the Management of Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tilki Derya , Evans Christopher P
Published: January 2021

Oncologic outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) are poor, with overall survival in the range of 44 to 60 months. The treatment paradigm for newly diagnosed mPCa is changing. Previous retrospective studies reported a survival benefit for local treatment (radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy) in addition to androgen deprivation treatment in the setting of oligometastatic prostate cancer. Several randomized clinical trials are now evaluating integration of local treatment in the approach to mPCa. The aim of this review is to summarize the studies reporting local treatment in men with mPCa at diagnosis.

This review contains 1 table and 27 references. 
Key Words: cytoreductive prostatectomy, hormone-naive, local treatment, metastatic prostate cancer, oligometastatic, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, randomized
Effect of wire feeder force control on laser metal deposition process using coaxial laser head
Authors: Teichmann Erwin Werner , Kelbassa Jana , Gasser Andres , Tarner Steffen , Schleifenbaum Johannes Henrich
Published: January 2021

Laser based Direct Energy Deposition (DED), also called Laser Metal Deposition (LMD), is a process that is widely used for cladding and repair applications and increasingly for additive manufacturing processes [Chen Hong, Dongdong Gu, Donghua Dai, Andres Gasser, Andreas Weisheit, Ingomar Kelbassa, Minlin Zhong, and Reinhart Poprawe, Opt. Laser Technol. 54, 98–109 (2013)]. Its controlled energy input and its ability to control the dilution allow the use of less material and the production of thin and precise layers increasing productivity and reducing costs [Erwin Werner Teichmann, “Analysis of welding process variants aiming cladding with Inconel 625 of API X46 steel pipes,” Ph.D. thesis in Mechanical Engineering, Post-Graduation Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina—UFSC, Florianópolis, 2016, p. 213, see https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/17223 (accessed 12 May 2020); Thomas Schopphoven, Andres Gasser, and Gerhard Backes, “EHLA: Extreme high-speed laser material deposition,” Laser Tech. J. 14, 26–29 (2017)]. Associated with those characteristics is the ability to operate using both powder and wire additives. The last one presents a series of advantages, as lower price per kilogram, lower porosity on the deposited material, and lower health risks for users. The use of a coaxial wire feeding laser head allows an omnidirectional operation for the laser head, presenting a great advantage when compared to lateral feeding systems. For soldering applications, some suppliers offer wire feeding systems that allow one to control the force applied by the wire on the substrate. This system measures the contact between the wire and the bottom of the melt pool, enabling a bridge metal transfer mode. The bridge transfer mode is essential, since the surface tension plays the main influence and, on the other hand, gravity plays only a minor role in the metal transfer. The results of using a force control system with different settings and a comparison between samples produced with and without this control are discussed. The material for both, samples and wire, is the stainless steel 316L. To assist the analysis, high-speed videos, process data acquisition, and macrographs are made.
Case Study of Using Ruqyah Complementary Therapy on a British Muslim Patient with Cluster Headache
Authors: Rahman Hamidi Abdul , Hussin Supyan
Published: January 2021

A case study of a male British Muslim of Pakistani descend with severe cluster headache was presented. The patient only responded to morphine treatment but his condition continued to deteriorate. He resorted to ruqyah complementary therapy, which is based on incantations of the Quran, after seeking advice with a local imam (Islamic cleric). His condition improved significantly and continued to have weekly preventative ruqyah therapy. Since resorting to ruqyah, he has not any morphine treatment and the level and duration of pain have reduced significantly. Ruqyah is popular for the treatment of jinn possession but has also been found to have therapeutic effect on non-mental health problems. The case illustrates that complementing mainstream medicine with ruqyah can bring many benefits especially within the Muslim community. Cooperation between mainstream health service and faith healers is needed.
Understanding the Size of the Government Spending Multiplier: It's in the Sign
Authors:   Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco and CEPR, Barnichon Regis , Debortoli Davide , Matthes Christian ,   Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CREi, Barcelona GSE and CEPR,   Indiana University
Published: January 2021

This paper argues that an important, yet overlooked, determinant of the government spending multiplier is the direction of the fiscal intervention. Regardless of whether we identify government spending shocks from (i) a narrative approach, or (ii) a timing restriction, we find that the contractionary multiplier- the multiplier associated with a negative shock to government spending- is above 1 and largest in times of economic slack. In contrast, the expansionary multiplier- the multiplier associated with a positive shock- is substantially below 1 regardless of the state of the cycle. These results help understand seemingly conflicting results in the literature. A simple theoretical model with incomplete financial markets and downward nominal wage rigidities can rationalize our findings.
Evolution of the Russian Empire gendarmerie in the 1860s – early 1880s: Organizational and Legal Aspect
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State University, Romanov Valeriy Vasilyevich , Arzamaskin Nikolai Nikolaevich ,   Ulyanovsk State University, Misyakova Oksana Viktorovna ,   Ulyanovsk State University
Published: January 2021

This study presents analyses of developing process of the regulatory framework and the results of the implementation of the organizational reform of the Russian Empire gendarmerie in the mid-1860s – early 1880s. The process of developing the regulatory framework for the reform was intense and productive, which was not typical of Russian lawmaking. Analyzing the implementation of the reform, the authors examine two contradictory, but interrelated processes: the elimination of post-reform units and the process of formation of various types of units at the local, regional and central levels. A new type of local subdivisions is being formed “security departments”, subsequently playing an important role in the functioning of the institute. It is noted that on the territory of the national outskirts, the process of formation of local post-reform bodies had certain peculiarities. In general, the organizational reform was an adequate response to the challenges of the time, had a positive impact on the functioning of the institute and its results were sustainable.
Foreign Tour Activity of the Ensemble “Lezghinka” as One of the Factors of Cultural Relations of the USSR with the East Countries in the 1960s (Based on the Materials from the Print Media)
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Truzhenikova Lyudmila Anatolievna , Mukhueva Patimat Uduratovna ,   Automobile and Road College
Published: January 2021

The paper analyzes an extensive tour activity of the state academic dance ensemble of Dagestan «Lezghinka» across Eastern countries in the context of cultural relations development. Based on archivial sources and materials of the periodical press, the authors emphasize that in the 1960s the ensemble became a tru representative of people’s diplomacy, carrier and popularizer of multinational culture of the country. The role of «Lezghinka» in the promotion of the folk choreographic art, general humanitarian values during each tour is noted. The usage of fundamental multi-factor approach has allowed us to draw the conclusion that the ensemble having become a representative not only of Dagestan but also of the whole country plays an important role in smoothing military and ethnic conflicts, clearly indicating its position, carrying the banner of peace, friendship and solidarity between people.
Anti-Religious and Internal Political Struggle in the Tuvan People’s Republic in the Context of Socialization of Tuvan Women
Authors:   Tuvan Institute of Humanities  and Applied Social and Economic Research  under the Government  of the Republic of Tuva, Natsak Organa Dorzhuevna
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with the issues of anti-religious and internal political struggle in the Tuvan People’s Republic, which existed as an independent state from 1921 to 1944. In the first years, Buddhism had a strong influence in the Republic, so the lamas were a serious threat to the then government. Since 1929, a struggle began with them, in which the Tuvan People’s Revolutionary Party played an important role, guided in its work by the Comintern’s instructions. Using the example of socialization and emancipation of Tuvan women, who made up almost half of the adult population, the paper shows how the anti-religious struggle was waged. It is concluded that women were a potential labor resource that needed to be involved not only in the internal political struggle, but also in economic activities. In this regard, the struggle was against everything that could hinder the processes of socialization and emancipation of Tuvan women, including Buddhist lamas and religion.
Population of the Yakut Region in the First Third of the XIX Century as a Subject of Historical and Demographic Research in the Post-Soviet Period
Authors:   Federal Institution of Science  “Yakut Scientific Center of the Siberian branch  of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Sosin Mikhail Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2021

The paper is focused on the reviewing historical aspects of demographic changes in the Yakutsk region in the first third of the XIX century in the context of the analysis of population size. Based on the generalization of the available information collected by modern scientists in the course of research work, the idea of the social structure of the indigenous and migratory strata of the population of Yakutia in the first third of the 19th century is given. It is concluded that its numerical strength cannot be called stable. This is due to the pronounced influence of the socio-economic conditions of the region, the spread of the benefits of civilization on the life of nomadic peoples, military operations, the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the region, etc. The insufficient study of migration processes in the territory of the Yakutsk region by scientists of the post-Soviet period is emphasized. The historiographic description of the structure of the population of Yakutia in the first third of the 19th century by modern historians is reduced mainly to the presentation of data on its general composition, while age, gender, class and confessional differentiation of the inhabitants of the region is of interest.
War and Faith: The Issue of Moral Restoration in Philosophical Works of N.A. Berdyayev and A.A. Kersnovsky
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Davletshina Anna Maratovna
Published: January 2021

The paper aims to look into the understanding of war in the context of Orthodox Christian culture, presented by emigrants who were forced to abandon Russia after the Great War and the revolutions and the Civil War that followed. The author compares the attitude to the war from two viewpoints: of N.A. Berdyayev, emigrant who had no combat experience, and A.A. Kersnovsky, emigrant who had field experience in war and philosophized about it. In their works they contemplate war through their existential situations, demonstrate personal paths of faith through the horrors of war, and construct the framework of interpretation of war for their emigrated compatriots. Reflecting on the war experience pushes N.A. Berdyayev and A.A. Kersnovsky to reconsider the essence of war by faith, which takes to the moral restoration, acceptance of guilt and claiming responsibility for the violence. The conclusion establishes that, in their interpretation, war does not present itself as essentially evil, it is rather a space for a man to act out their free will in its fullness, by serving their Christian duty in a righteous war.
On the Places of Traditional Residence and Traditional Economic Activities of Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of Russia: towards the Problem of Developing Inclusion Criteria (Experience of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia))
Authors:   Siberian branch  of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Astakhova Irina Sergeevna
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the results of a study on the expansion of places of traditional residence and traditional economic activities of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the Russian Federation. A comparative analysis of the approaches of the Kha-barovsk region and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) to including territories in the official List of such places is carried out. The main criteria for classifying territories as places of traditional residence and tra-ditional economic activities of minor indigenous peoples are highlighted. Examples that cause the greatest difficulties are given, in particular the inclu-sion of urban settlements in the List. On the basis of the developed criteria with the use of field data, the possibility of including the municipal formation “City of Tommot” of Aldansky district of the Repub-lic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the List is considered. The research results can be used in the preparation of analytical materials in order to improve Russian leg-islation.
Interculturality Between Formal and Non-formal Education in Italy
Authors: Fiorucci Massimiliano
Published: January 2021

The paper focuses on the educational and cultural needs of adult migrants, in order to overcome a uniquely paternalistic view of immigration. Focusing on the educational and cultural needs affects, in fact, the quality of the experience of integration. Within this proposal the adoption of an intercultural mediation strategy can play an important role also with reference to the context of cultural services.
Measuring cohesion indicators in middle school: membership, implication and satisfaction
Authors: Ștefănescu Andreia , Albulescu Ion , Cârciag Petre Daniel , Boeriu Diana Mariana , Coșarbă Editha Margareta
Published: January 2021

The current article investigates the validation of a scale designed to measure cohesion within class groups taking into account a various number of cohesion indicators, such as: belonging to a group and analysing the relationships between its members, the level of implication and participation of the members in activities, the satisfaction of the members towards being part of their group related to the benefits. The questionnaire that includes the scale was distributed to a sample (the selection was determined theoretically). All the respondents were secondary students. The results are tracking how the cohesion scale validates taking into account the statistical perspective and the content of the items in relation with the research’s objectives.
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF ACTIVITY
(To the memory of my dear friend Gregory Bedny)
Authors: Voskoboynikov Fred
Published: January 2021

In this paper we present a brief overview of general, applied and systemic-structural activity theories. Activity Theory (AT) was created in the former Soviet Union by three prominent scholars - Vygotsky, Leont'ev and Rubinshtein. General activity theory was first introduced by the Sergey Rubinshtein (1958). It was further developed in the works of Leont'ev (1977) and Vygotsky (1978). The development of AT was shaped by the practical demand of ergonomics, engineering psychology and education. The important requirement of psychological studies in the former Soviet Union was a possibility to utilize psychology for practical application and particularly in the study of human work and learning. Thus, the effect of practical application on AT is not accidental. With the development of mechanization and automation in the industry, in transport, in the military sphere and in other modern fields of human activity it became obvious, that the direct application of the general activity theory for the study of human activity was not possible. The theory received recognition in the West, and particularly in the USA. We will consider basic concepts of activity theory and will outline some difficulties which Western scientists experience in their interpretation and application of the theory in science and practice. To the response of technological progress, a more advanced theory, namely, applied activity theory (AAT), was created in the works of a number of Soviet psychologists in the 1970s. The Rubinstein-Leont'iev-Vygotsky's general activity theory became the theoretical and philosophical basis of applied activity theory. Creation of AAT was the first step in an attempt to apply activity theory to the study of human activity. The further development of applied activity theory led to the creation of the systemic-structural activity theory (SSAT) as an independent direction of AAT. The theory was founded by Gregory Bedny1 (2007). The creation of SSAT has greatly advanced the science of activity because it can be applied to the study and practice of human work. The focus of this article will be mostly on the Systemic-Structural Activity Theory (SSAT).
The influence of specific aspects of occupational stress on security guards’ health and work ability: detailed extension of a previous study
Authors: Jovanović Jovica , Šarac Ivana , Martačić Jasmina Debeljak , Oggiano Gordana Petrović , Despotović Marta , Pokimica Biljana , Cupi Blerim
Published: January 2021

In our earlier study of security guards, we showed that higher occupational stress was associated with health impairments (metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases) and work disability. The aim of this study was to further explore the association of specific occupational stressors with health impairments and work disability parameters in 399 Serbian male security guards (aged 25–65 years). Ridge linear regression analysis revealed that, after controlling for age, body mass index, and smoking status, professional stressors including high demands, strictness, conflict/uncertainty, threat avoidance and underload were significant positive predictors of fasting glucose, triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, heart rate, Framingham cardiovascular risk score, and temporary work disability. The security profession is in expansion worldwide, and more studies are needed to establish precise health risk predictors, since such data are generally lacking.
Experiences with the accreditation of the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
Authors: Franić Zdenko , Bituh Tomislav , Godec Ranka , Čačković Mirjana , Meštrović Tomislav , Šiško Jerko
Published: January 2021

Accreditation in accordance with the international General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories (HRN EN ISO/IEC 17025 standard) has become a widely accepted method of quality management and objective evidence of technical competence, knowledge, and skills of testing and calibration laboratories. In 2010, the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health (IMROH) had its management system accredited against the HRN EN ISO/IEC 17025 standard for the following scopes: determination of radioactivity, testing of ambient air quality, and testing in the scope of ionising radiation protection. This accreditation encompassed three laboratories: Radiation Protection Unit, Environmental Hygiene Unit, and the Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit. In accordance with the rules of the Croatian Accreditation Agency, the second re-accreditation is due in 2020. This paper describes and discusses the quality management system at IMROH over the ten years of its implementation. We share our experiences about non-conformities discovered during regular work, internal audits, and external audits performed by the Croatian Accreditation Agency. The accredited management system significantly improved the performance of the accredited units, and the Institute increased its visibility and marketing advantage, consequently improving its market position.
Counteracting poisoning with chemical warfare nerve agents
Authors: Hrvat Nikolina Maček , Kovarik Zrinka
Published: January 2021

Phosphylation of the pivotal enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by nerve agents (NAs) leads to irreversible inhibition of the enzyme and accumulation of neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which induces cholinergic crisis, that is, overstimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic membrane receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system. In severe cases, subsequent desensitisation of the receptors results in hypoxia, vasodepression, and respiratory arrest, followed by death. Prompt action is therefore critical to improve the chances of victim’s survival and recovery. Standard therapy of NA poisoning generally involves administration of anticholinergic atropine and an oxime reactivator of phosphylated AChE. Anticholinesterase compounds or NA bioscavengers can also be applied to preserve native AChE from inhibition. With this review of 70 years of research we aim to present current and potential approaches to counteracting NA poisoning.
Carbamate group as structural motif in drugs: a review of carbamate derivatives used as therapeutic agents
Authors: Matošević Ana , Bosak Anita
Published: January 2021

Due to their very good chemical and proteolytic stability, ability to penetrate cell membranes, and resemblance to a peptide bond, carbamate derivatives have received much attention in recent years and got an important role in modern drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. Today, carbamates make structural and/or functional part of many drugs and prodrugs approved and marketed for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, epilepsy, hepatitis C, HIV infection, and Alzheimer’s disease. In drugs they can play a role in drug-target interaction or improve the biological activity of parent molecules. In prodrugs they are mainly used to delay first-pass metabolism and enhance the bioavailability and effectiveness of compounds. This brief review takes a look at the properties and use of carbamates in various fields of medicine and provides quick insights into the mechanisms of action for some of them.
Yellow gentian root extract provokes concentration- and time-dependent response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Šobot Ana Valenta , Drakulić Dunja , Joksić Gordana , Vukajlović Jadranka Miletić , Savić Jasmina , Potočnik Jelena , Tričković Jelena Filipović
Published: January 2021

Yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea L.), a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine, displays multiple biological effects, ranging from beneficial to toxic. Since many promising applications have been reported so far, our aim was to evaluate its potential concentration- and time- dependent cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in vitro. To that end we exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL of yellow gentian root extract (YGRE) to determine its effects on oxidative stress parameters [pro/antioxidant balance (PAB) and lipid peroxidation], DNA damage (alkaline comet assay and chromosome aberrations), and cell viability (trypan blue exclusion test). Cell viability decreased with increasing concentrations and treatment duration. Only the lowest YGRE concentration (0.5 mg/mL) increased oxidative stress but produced minor DNA damage and cytotoxicity. At higher concentrations, redox parameters returned to near control values. The percentage of chromosome aberrations and percentage of DNA in the comet tail increased with increased YGRE concentration after 48 h and declined after 72 h of treatment. This points to the activation of DNA repair mechanism (homologous recombination), evidenced by the formation of chromosomal radial figures after 72 h of treatment with the highest YGRE concentration of 2 mg/mL. Our results suggest that YGRE, despite induction of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, activates cell repair mechanisms that counter oxidative and DNA lesions and induce cell death in highly damaged cells. Therefore, observed protective effects of yellow gentian after longer exposure could be a result of activated repair and removal of cells with irreparable damage.
How Roma Mayors Penetrate the Municipal Power Structures: Resisting the Non-Roma Dominance in Slovak Local Governments
Authors: Hrustič Tomáš
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses the outcomes of power asymmetries in Slovak municipalities with Roma population and presents examples how local Roma leaders resist the non-Roma dominance by active participation in local elections. Presenting data from field research and long-term repeated observations, the paper shows successful strategies of elected Roma mayors who disrupt the usual perception of the Roma as objects of decision-making process and passive recipients of various policies. In these paternalistic beliefs Roma have never been seen as actors who can control resources, who could hold the political power and who could decide how to use the resources. Although the Roma have penetrated the power structures of many municipalities, they are not able to wipe out invisible ethnic boundaries, or, at least, to soften and disrupt them. However, as the text illustrates, it seems that the political power asymmetries in a significant number of municipalities are being balanced, nevertheless, the symbolic dominance and symbolic power of non-Roma still persists.
Koloni Lebah Madu (Apis cerana F.) Sebagai Agen Penyerbuk Pada Tumbuhan Terung Ungu (Solanum melongena L.) Pada Sistem Pertanian Lokal Bali
Authors: Udayani I Gusti Ayu Putu Intan , Watiniasih Ni Luh , Ginantra I Ketut
Published: January 2021

Penyerbukan merupakan proses paling penting dalam pembentukan biji dan buah pada tanaman berbunga. Beberapa hasil penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa serangga berperan penting dalam membantu proses penyerbukan baik pada tumbuhan liar maupun pada tanaman produksi. Terung ungu (Solanum melongena L.) merupakan salah satu komoditi penting pertanian. Namun penanaman terung ungu dalam sistem pertanian lokal saat ini sering kali mengalami kendala ketika hasil produksi tidak dalam jumlah yang cukup. Adanya potensi Apis cerana L. sebagai agen penyerbuk, maka penambahan koloni dari Apis cerana L. pada sistem pertanian lokal Bali perlu dikaji lebih lanjut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan lebah madu (Apis cerana L.) dalam meningkatkan hasil produksi tanaman terung ungu (Solanum melongena L.). Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh data produktivitas terung ungu. Data tersebut dikumpulkan dan dianalisis dengan program statistik SPSS 17. Sebelum analisis, semua normalitas data diuji, dilanjutkan dengan One-way ANOVA. Saat ditemukan perbedaan yang nyata, analisa dilanjutkan dengan Uji Tukey untuk mengetahui perbedaan perlakuan dengan nilai perbedaan signifikansi ???? <0,05. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penambahan lebah pada lahan percobaan menghasilkan produktivitas dua kali lebih banyak dari kelompok lainnya yang tidak diberi perlakuan.

 

Kata kunci: Apis cerana, Solanum melongena, produktivitas tanaman
Kelimpahan Nisbi, Frekuensi Dan Dominansi Jenis Lalat Di Beberapa Pasar Tradisional Di Kecamatan Martapura
Authors: Trianto Manap , Marisa Fajri , Siswandari Ni Putu
Published: January 2021

Lalat merupakan jenis serangga yang hidup dekat dengan lingkungan manusia. Jenis lalat yang berada di sekitar permukiman sangat banyak dan membawa berbagai jenis penyakit yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan kelimpahan nisbi, frekuensi, dan dominansi jenis lalat di beberapa pasar tradisional di Kecamatan Martapura. Penelitian dilakukan di lima pasar tradisional yaitu Pasar Sejumput, Pasar  Batuah, Pasar Sekumpul, Pasar Permata, dan Pasar Kuliner pada bulan April sampai Mei 2020. Koleksi lalat menggunakan sweep net dengan cara mengayunkannya di sekitar tempat sampah. Lalat yang telah dikoleksi kemudian diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan kunci identifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat spesies lalat dalam lokasi penelitian yaitu Musca domestica, M. conducens, Chrysomya megacephala dan C. rufifacies. Kelimpahan nisbi, frekuensi spesies dan dominansi spesies menunjukan bahwa tertangkapnya lalat M. domestica lebih tinggi dibandingkan spesies lainnya. Selanjutnya, Pasar Batuah merupakan lokasi penelitian dengan jumlah kelimpahan nisbi, frekuensi spesies, dan dominansi spesies lalat terbanyak jika dibandingkan lokasi Pasar Tradisional lainnya. Penelitian ini bermanfaat sebagai informasi awal dalam menentukan potensi lalat sebagai vektor penularan penyakit disuatu lingkungan.

 

Kata kunci: kelimpahan nisbi, frekuensi, dominansi, jenis lalat, pasar tradisional
Pertumbuhan Plantlet Anggrek Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume pada Tahap Subkultur dengan Perlakuan Jenis Media dan Konsentrasi Pepton Berbeda
Authors: Krisdianto Anggi , Saptiningsih Endang , Nurchayati Yulita , Setiari Nintya
Published: January 2021

Anggrek bulan (Phalaenopsis amabilis) merupakan anggrek asli Indonesia yang termasuk dalam kategori appendiks II dan merupakan salah satu bunga yang termasuk dalam perdagangan bunga nasional dan internasional sehingga metode kultur jaringan perlu dilakukan untuk perbanyakan. Jenis media yang digunakan dalam subkultur menentukan hasil pertumbuhan plantlet. Media yang digunakan antara lain New Phalaenopsis (NP), Vacint and Went (VW), dan Murashige and Skoog (MS). Pepton merupakan suplemen yang ditambahkan dalam media. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis media dan konsentrasi pepton berbeda selama tahap subkultur. Metode yang digunakan adalah subkultur plantlet ke berbagai media yang ditambah pepton berbagai konsentrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial 4x3 dengan 3 ulangan. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA pada sigifikansi 95%. Plantlet P. amabilis disubkultur dalam media MS, VW, dan NP dengan pepton (0; 1; 2; 3 g/L). Pertumbuhan diamati selama 2 bulan. Parameter yang diamati yaitu jumlah, panjang, lebar, kemunculan daun dan jumlah, panjang, kemunculan akar. Uji ANOVA menunjukkan kedua perlakuan tidak memiliki interaksi terhadap semua parameter, kecuali panjang daun. Hasil menunjukkan perlakuan jenis media dan konsentrasi pepton berpengaruh nyata pada semua parameter. Media NP dan konsentrasi pepton 3 g/L merupakan media dan konsentrasi terbaik untuk jumlah daun (5,67; 5,89), kemunculan daun (19,83; 20,22 hari); lebar daun (0,42; 0,47 cm), panjang daun (1,47 cm);  panjang akar (2,83; 2,86 cm), jumlah akar (2,33; 2,56), dan kemunculan akar (28; 27,22 hari). Kombinasi media NP dengan konsentrasi pepton 3 g/L merupakan kombinasi terbaik untuk pertumbuhan plantlet P. amabilis pada tahap subkultur.
Konsentrasi Spermatozoa Dan Ketebalan Tubulus Seminiferus Tikus Putih Jantan Setelah Pemberian Seduhan Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.)
Authors: Sugiantari Ida Ayu Putu , Suaskara Ida Bagus Made , Suarni Ni Made Rai
Published: January 2021

Kelor merupakan tanaman yang daunnya sudah biasa dikonsumsi sebagai sayur, dan sekarang daun kelor juga digunakan sebagai teh dan bahan tambahan dalam kue. Hasil penelitian tentang kelor masih kontroversi yaitu, disatu sisi mengatakan kelor dapat meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa dan disisi lain mengatakan dapat menghambat fertilitas. Tujuan penelitian untuk melihat pengaruh seduhan tepung daun kelor terhadap konsentrasi spermatozoa dan ketebalan epitel tubulus seminiferus. Tikus jantan yang digunakan sebanyak 24 ekor dengan berat 200 g dibagi menjadi empat perlakuan yaitu kontrol (P0), 18 mg/kg BB (P1), 36 mg/kg BB (P2) dan 72 mg/kg BB (P3) selama 30 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seduhan daun kelor berpengaruh nyata menurunkan konsentrasi spermatozoa (P?0,05), seduhan daun kelor tidak berpengaruh terhadap ketebalan epitel tubulus seminiferus tetapi menyebabkan epitel germinal menjadi longggar karena banyak epitel yang lepas kelumen.
Perilaku Kawin Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Diabetes Yang Diberi Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum)
Authors: Malini Desak Made , Maulani Emay , Wulandari Sri , Ratningsih Nining
Published: January 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi seksual normal pada pria termasuk kelainan fungsi orgasme / ejakulasi dan keinginan / libido. Simplisia kulit buah  jengkol kering telah digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk mengobati DM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas ekstrak etanol kulit buah jengkol (A. pauciflorum) (EEKBJ) dalam meningkatkan fertilitas tikus ditinjau dari perilaku seksual introduction dan climbing tikus (R. norvegicus) jantan model diabetes. Induksi diabetes dilakukan secara intravena dengan menggunakan streptozotocin dosis 60 mg/kg BB pada hewan uji kecuali kelompok kontrol negatif. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah kontrol negatif (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) 0,05 %), kontrol positif (CMC 0,05 %), P1 (EEKBJ 385 mg/kg BB), P2 (EEKBJ 770 mg/kg BB) dan pembanding (glibenklamid dosis 10 mg/kg BB) selama 54 hari berturut-turut. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah introduction dan climbing tikus jantan terhadap tikus betina. Data yang telah diperoleh dari tiap parameter dianalisis dengan uji analisis varian (ANAVA) dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% dan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah introduction dan climbing pada kelompok hewan uji P1 dan P2 berbeda nyata terhadap perlakuan kontrol positif dan mendekati nilai pada kelompok perlakuan kontrol negatif. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit buah jengkol (A. pauciflorum) dapat meningkatkan fertilitas tikus ditinjau dari perilaku seksual introduction dan climbing tikus (R. norvegicus)  jantan model diabet.

 

Kata kunci: Archidendron pauciflorum, diabetes, perilaku seksual.
COVID-19 AND EUROPEAN UNION – THE ANSWER TO THE HEALTH CRISIS AS A WAY FOR RESUMING THE PROCESS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
Authors: Mangiameli Stelio
Published: January 2021

The essay starts from a comparison in the European Union between the economic and financial crisis of 2009 and the health crisis of 2020, due to the Covid-19 pandemic. In particular, the scarce capacity of Member States and European institutions to carry out the recovery of the economic European condition and transformation of the European government system after the 2009 crisis, despite the indications of the Commission's Blueprint (of 2012) and of the Report of the five presidents (of 2015). On the other hand, in the face of the health crisis, the reaction of the European institutions seemed more decisive with the creation of various instruments to combat the economic consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic. These include in particular the Recovery fund - Next Generation EU, linked to the 2021-2027 MFF. The reaction to the pandemic shows the possibilities of the European Union to create a community of States in solidarity and with its own identity also in the international scenario. However, it is by no means certain that this idea can prevail over the one that sees the European Union as simply a free trade organization between the Member States. The decisions that will be taken in the Conference on the future of Europe between 2021 and 2022 appear to be decided to define the evolution of the European Union.
Role And Application Of Curcumin As An Alternative Therapeutic Agent
Authors:   Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Gupta Ravi Kr
Published: January 2021

The golden spice, turmeric has been an essential element in Asian culinary since many years. Curcumin is the major and important constituent of turmeric obtained from Curcuma longa L. Due to poor stability, solubility and biodegradability the effective concentration of curcumin was not able to reach to the tissues by oral consumption of turmeric in food. However, recent developments in drug delivery methods have elevated the formation of several nano-capsulation of curcumin. The formation of biodegradable nano-curcumin is one of the major breakthroughs for its therapeutic translation in humans and animals against various diseases. Since, ancient time it has been used for various ailments and also as a supportive therapeutic agent. Curcumin is now well-established therapeutic agent against cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, microbial infections, arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. It has hepatoprotective, immune-enhancer, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal effects. In this mini review article, we have explored the therapeutic role and application of curcumin in human diseases specifically as anti-bacterial and anti-cancer. The combinatorial study of curcumin with available drugs on different types of cancer has been discussed. We have also reviewed the types of nano-formulations available till date for curcumin and its role as therapeutic agent.
METHOD FOR SEAMLESS FIXATION OF A THREE-PIECE INTRAOCULAR LENS INTO THE SCLERAL TUNNEL
Authors:   KhMAO – Yugra District Clinical Hospital, Gibaydullin Alik Rafisovich , Vashkulatova Elvira Aisarovna ,   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy,   KhMAO – Yugra District Clinical Hospital
Published: January 2021

The article presents a clinical case of aphakia without a capsular sac with post-traumatic mydriasis and iris subatrophy. Method for seamless fixation of a three-piece intraocular lens into the scleral tunnel.
Transferência do Conhecimento de Suporte Básico de Vida para Leigos e Profissionais de Saúde: uma Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Landa Júlia , Baldavira Ferreira Ana Maria Gammaro
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar as publicações sobre o conhecimento a respeito da reanimação cardiopulmonar, a formação dos autores, a metodologia utilizada, o ano de prevalência e suas recomendações. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, na qual se buscou artigos nas bases de dados SciELO e no Portal de Periódicos CAPES. Levantou-se 40 artigos e depois de aplicados critérios de inclusão e exclusão a amostragem final foi de 21 publicações entre 2008 e 2018. Apurou-se que a maior parte dos artigos foi publicada em 2016, prevalecendo autores que possuem formação acadêmica em Enfermagem. Os artigos utilizaram mais de estudos descritivos e transversais. Em relação às recomendações, as principais foram quanto à importância de treinamentos para leigos sobre o Suporte Básico de Vida e o uso de Desfibrilador Externo Automático. No que diz respeito aos profissionais de saúde, sugere-se a aplicação de educação continuada para assegurar a atualização do saber e aprimoramento profissional. Para o profissional enfermeiro é fundamental o conhecimento e reconhecimento sobre a Parada Cardiorrespiratória, e as publicações tendem a aumentar após as atualizações periódicas da American Heart Association, não importando a metodologia utilizada. Portanto, a principal recomendação diz respeito à necessidade de manter treinamentos periódicos regulares para a população leiga e profissionais de saúde acerca do Suporte Básico de Vida.
Jalan Panjang Pemberitaan Terorisme di Indonesia Sejak Masa Kolonial Hingga Kini
Authors: Kambang John Nedy , Dewi Rahmi Surya , Arif Ernita
Published: January 2021

Media massa yang sudah ada sejak orang Eropa masuk Indonesia, telah mengalami banyak perkembangan. Media cetak pertama yang diterbitkan orang Eropa, Bataviasche Nouvelles, hanya memuat informasi-informasi mengenai pemerintahan VOC, Perdagangan, Hiburan, Iklan Lelang dan Sejarah Koloni Belanda di Hindia. Juga tentang penyebaran Agama Katolik dan Protestan, serta perkembangan gereja di Hindia. Pada perkembangan selanjutnya, mulai bermunculan berbagai media massa seperti koran dan majalah yang tidak hanya milik orang Belanda saja, tetapi juga dibuat oleh kalangan rakyat pribumi, seperti Medan Prijaji, Otoesan Hindia dan banyak lagi lainnya. Media terus berkembang hingga hari ini. Tidak ada yang berubah dalam tujuan media, dari dulu hingga kini, yaitu untuk menyampaikan informasi. Namun metode penyampaian dan isi berita tampaknya jauh berbeda. Salah satunya dalam penyampaian berita mengenai perang dan terorisme. Di masa Belanda, berita mengenai perang dan terorisme tidak diberitakan dengan gamblang. Sementara itu, hari ini media massa seolah-olah terbagi menjadi dua fungsi, sebagai pelindung bagi para pejabat pemerintahan, dan sebagai penyebar propaganda. Dalam pemberitaan mengenai terorisme, media hari ini bahkan sangat terbuka dalam memberitakannya. Penangkapan anggota terorisme yang di dalamnya memuat aksi tembak-menembak juga disiarkan secara langsung. Telah terjadi pergeseran pola penyampaian media dari era Penjajah Belanda hingga Era Reformasi, terutama dalam isu sensitif seperti terorisme. Artikel ini menggunakan gabungan pendekatan naratif dengan pendekatan historis, dalam melihat perkembangan media massa melakukan pemberitaan terorisme dari masa penjajahan Belanda hingga masa reformasi hari ini. Kecenderungan penelitian ini adalah historis, yang dicampur dengan narasi-narasi yang dibangun oleh tokoh yang menjadi  sumber informasi. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam artikel ini menggunakan studi literatur berupa arsip-arsip media massa sebagai sumber data, dan dilengkapi dengan wawancara dari ahli terorisme sebagai narasumber sebagai penguat analisis.