bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aqueous phase behavior of glyoxal and methylglyoxal observed with carbon and oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Michailoudi Georgia , Lin Jack J. , Yuzawa Hayato , Nagasaka Masanari , Huttula Marko , Kosugi Nobuhiro , Kurtén Theo , Patanen Minna , Prisle Nønne L.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Glyoxal (CHOCHO) and methylglyoxal (CH3C(O)CHO) are well-known components of atmospheric particles and their properties can impact atmospheric chemistry and cloud formation. To get information on their hydration states in aqueous solutions and how they are affected by addition of inorganic salts (sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4)), we applied carbon and oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in transmission mode. The recorded C K-edge spectra show that glyoxal is completely hydrated in the dilute aqueous solutions, in line with previous studies. For methylglyoxal, we identified, supported by quantum chemical calculations, not only C-H, C=O and C-OH bonds, but also fingerprints of C-OH(CH2) and C=C bonds. This implies the presence of both mono- and dihydrated forms of methylglyoxal, as well as products of aldol condensation, and enol tautomers of the monohydrates. The addition of salts was found to introduce only very minor changes to absorption energies and relative intensities of the observed absorption features, indicating that the organic-inorganic interactions at the studied concentrations are not strong enough to affect the spectra in this work. The identified structures of glyoxal and methylglyoxal in aqueous environment support the uptake of these compounds to the aerosol phase in the presence of water and their contribution on secondary organic aerosol formation.
Update of Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) channel selection with correlated observation errors for numerical weather prediction (NWP)
Authors: Coopmann Olivier , Guidard Vincent , Fourrié Nadia , Josse Béatrice , Marécal Virginie
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) is an essential instrument for numerical weather prediction (NWP). It measures radiances at the top of the atmosphere using 8461 channels. The huge amount of observations provided by IASI has led the community to develop techniques to reduce observations while conserving as much information as possible. Thus, a selection of the 300 most informative channels was made for NWP based on the concept of information theory. One of the main limitations of this method was to neglect the covariances between the observation errors of the different channels. However, many centres have shown a significant benefit for weather forecasting to use them. Currently, the observation-error covariances are only estimated on the current IASI channel selection, but no studies to make a new selection of IASI channels taking into account the observation-error covariances have yet been carried out. The objective of this paper was therefore to perform a new selection of IASI channels by taking into account the observation-error covariances. The results show that with an equivalent number of channels, accounting for the observation-error covariances, a new selection of IASI channels can reduce the analysis error on average in temperature by 3 %, humidity by 1.8 % and ozone by 0.9 % compared to the current selection. Finally, we go one step further by proposing a robust new selection of 400 IASI channels to further reduce the analysis error for NWP.
Variability of the lunar semidiurnal tidal amplitudes in the ionosphere over Brazil
Authors: Paulino Ana Roberta , da Silva Araújo Fabiano , Paulino Igo , Wrasse Cristiano Max , Lima Lourivaldo Mota , Batista Paulo Prado , Batista Inez Staciarini
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The variability in the amplitudes of the lunar semidiurnal tide was investigated using maps of Total Electron Content over Brazil from January 2011 to December 2014. Long period variability showed that the annual variation is always present in all investigated magnetic latitudes and it represents the main component of the temporal variability. Semiannual and intra-seasonal (~ 120 days) oscillations were the second and third components, respectively, but they presented significant temporal and spatial variation without a well-defined pattern. Among the short period oscillations in the amplitude of the lunar tide, the most pronounced ones were concentrated between 7–11 days. These oscillations were stronger around the equinoxes, in special between September and November in almost all latitudes. In some years, as in 2013 and 2014, for instance, they appeared with large power spectral density in the winter hemisphere. There was also observed evidence of antisymetry in the amplitudes maxima and minima of the 7–11 days oscillation with respect to the magnetic equator. These characteristics are compatible with normal mode westward propagating quasi 10 days planetary wave with horizontal wavenumber equal to 1. Besides, using data from a meteor radar located at low latitudes in Brazil for November 2013, when the amplitude of the 7–11 days oscillation was strong, it was possible to identify the presence of quasi 10 days oscillation in the both zonal and meridional component of the horizontal winds. These results suggest a possible coupling process by modulation of the lunar semidiurnal tidal amplitudes that allows the propagation of the 7–11 days waves into the thermosphere-ionosphere system.
Non-locality of Earth's quasi-parallel bow shock: injection of thermal protons in a hybrid-Vlasov simulation
Authors: Battarbee Markus , Ganse Urs , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Turc Lucile , Brito Thiago , Grandin Maxime , Koskela Tuomas , Palmroth Minna
Published: May 2020

Abstract. We study the interaction of solar wind protons with Earth's quasi-parallel bow shock using a hybrid-Vlasov simulation. We employ the global hybrid model Vlasiator to include effects due to bow shock curvature, tenuous upstream populations, and foreshock waves. We investigate the uncertainty of the position of the quasi-parallel bow shock as a function of several plasma properties and find that regions of non-locality or uncertainty of the shock position form and propagate away from the shock nose. Our results support the notion of upstream structures causing the patchwork reconstruction of the quasi-parallel shock front in a non-uniform manner. We propose a novel method for spacecraft data to be used to analyse this quasi-parallel reformation. We combine our hybrid-Vlasov results with test-particle studies and show that proton energization, which is required for injection, takes place throughout a larger shock transition zone. The energization of particles is found regardless of the instantaneous non-locality of the shock front, in agreement with it taking place over a larger region. Distortion of magnetic fields in front of and at the shock is shown to have a significant effect on proton injection. We additionally show that the density of suprathermal reflected particles upstream of the shock may not be a useful metric for the probability of injection at the shock, as foreshock dynamics and particle trapping appear to have a significant effect on energetic-particle accumulation at a given position in space. Our results have implications for statistical and spacecraft studies of the shock injection problem.
Distinguishing between early- and late-covering crops in the land surface model Noah-MP: impact on simulated surface energy fluxes and temperature
Authors: Bohm Kristina , Ingwersen Joachim , Milovac Josipa , Streck Thilo
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Land surface models are essential parts of climate and weather models. The
widely used Noah-MP land surface model requires information on the leaf area
index (LAI) and green vegetation fraction (GVF) as key inputs of its
evapotranspiration scheme. The model aggregates all agricultural areas into
a land use class termed “cropland and pasture”. In a previous study we
showed that, on a regional scale, the GVF has a bimodal distribution formed by
two crop groups differing in phenology and growth dynamics: early-covering
crops (ECC; e.g., winter wheat, winter rapeseed, winter barley) and late-covering crops (LCC; e.g., corn, silage maize, sugar beet). That result can
be generalized for central Europe. The present study quantifies the effect
of splitting the land use class cropland and pasture of Noah-MP into ECC and LCC on surface energy fluxes and temperature. We further studied the
influence of increasing the LCC share, which in the study area (the
Kraichgau region, southwest Germany) is mainly the result of heavily
subsidized biomass production, on energy partitioning at the land surface.
We used the GVF dynamics derived from high-resolution (5 m × 5 m) RapidEye
satellite data and measured LAI data for the simulations. Our results
confirm that the GVF and LAI strongly influence the partitioning of surface
energy fluxes, resulting in pronounced differences between simulations of ECC and LCC. Splitting up the generic crop into ECC and LCC had the
strongest effect on land surface exchange processes in July–August. During
this period, ECC are at the senescence growth stage or already harvested,
while LCC have a well-developed ground-covering canopy. The generic crop
resulted in humid bias, i.e., an increase in evapotranspiration by +0.5 mm d−1 (latent heat flux is 1.3 MJ m−2 d−1), decrease in sensible heat flux (H)
by 1.2 MJ m−2  d−1 and decrease in surface temperature by
−1 ∘C. The bias increased as the shares of ECC and LCC became
similar. The observed differences will impact the simulations of processes
in the planetary boundary layer. Increasing the LCC share from 28 % to 38 %
in the Kraichgau region led to a decrease in latent heat flux (LE) and a
heating up of the land surface in the early growing season. Over the second
part of the season, LE increased and the land surface cooled down by up to
1 ∘C.
A compact ocean bottom electromagnetic receiver and seismometer
Authors: Chen Kai , Deng Ming , Wu Zhongliang , Luo Xianhu , Zhou Li
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Joint marine electromagnetic (EM) and seismic interpretations are
widely used for offshore gas hydrate and petroleum exploration to produce
improved estimates of lithology and fluids and to decrease the risk of low gas
saturation. However, joint data acquisition is not commonly employed.
Current marine EM data acquisition depends on an ocean bottom
electromagnetic receiver (OBEM), and current seismic exploration methods use
seismometers. Joint simultaneous data acquisition can decrease costs and
improve efficiency, but conventional independent data receivers have several
drawbacks, including a large size, high costs, position errors, and low
operational efficiencies. To address these limitations, we developed a
compact ocean bottom electromagnetic receiver and seismometer (OBEMS). Based
on existing ocean bottom E-field receiver (OBE) specifications, including
low noise levels, low power consumption, and low time drift errors, we
integrated two induction coils for the magnetic sensor and a three-axis
omnidirectional geophone for the seismic sensor to assemble an ultra-short
baseline (USBL) transponder as the position sensor, which improved position
accuracy and operational efficiency while reducing field data acquisition
costs. The resulting OBEMS has a noise level of 0.1 nV m−1 rt−1 (Hz) at 1 Hz in
the E-field, 0.1 pT rt−1 (Hz) at 1 Hz in the B-field, and a 30 d battery
lifetime. This device also supports a Wi-Fi interface for the configuration
of data acquisition parameters and data download. Offshore acquisition was
performed to evaluate the system's field performance during offshore gas
hydrate exploration. The OBEMS operated effectively throughout the operation
and field testing. Therefore, the OBEMS can function as a low-cost, compact,
and highly efficient joint data acquisition method.
Improving climate model coupling through a complete mesh representation: a case study with E3SM (v1) and MOAB (v5.x)
Authors: Mahadevan Vijay S. , Grindeanu Iulian , Jacob Robert , Sarich Jason
Published: May 2020

Abstract. One of the fundamental factors contributing to the spatiotemporal inaccuracy in climate modeling is the
mapping of solution field data between different discretizations and numerical grids used in the coupled component
models.
The typical climate computational workflow involves evaluation and serialization of the remapping weights during
the preprocessing step, which is then consumed by the coupled driver infrastructure during simulation to compute
field projections.
Tools like Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) (Hill et al., 2004) and TempestRemap (Ullrich et al., 2013) offer
capability to generate conservative remapping weights, while the Model Coupling Toolkit (MCT) (Larson et al., 2001)
that is utilized in many production climate models exposes functionality to make use of the operators to solve the
coupled problem. However, such multistep processes present several hurdles in terms of the scientific workflow and
impede research productivity. In order to overcome these limitations, we present a fully integrated infrastructure
based on the Mesh Oriented datABase (MOAB) (Tautges et al., 2004; Mahadevan et al., 2015) library, which allows for a
complete description of the numerical grids and solution data used in each submodel.
Through a scalable advancing-front intersection algorithm, the supermesh of the source and target grids are computed,
which is then used to assemble the high-order, conservative, and monotonicity-preserving remapping weights between
discretization specifications. The Fortran-compatible interfaces in MOAB are utilized to directly link the submodels
in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) to enable online remapping strategies in order to simplify the
coupled workflow process.
We demonstrate the superior computational efficiency of the remapping algorithms in comparison with other state-of-the-science
tools and present strong scaling results on large-scale machines for computing remapping weights between the spectral element
atmosphere and finite volume discretizations on the polygonal ocean grids.
An online emission module for atmospheric chemistry transport models: implementation in COSMO-GHG v5.6a and COSMO-ART v5.1-3.1
Authors: Jähn Michael , Kuhlmann Gerrit , Mu Qing , Haussaire Jean-Matthieu , Ochsner David , Osterried Katherine , Clément Valentin , Brunner Dominik
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Emission inventories serve as crucial input for atmospheric chemistry transport models. To make them usable for a model simulation, they have to be pre-processed and, traditionally, provided as input files at discrete model time steps. In this paper, we present an “online” approach, which produces a minimal number of input data read-in at the beginning of a simulation and which handles essential processing steps online during the simulation. For this purpose, a stand-alone Python package “emiproc” was developed, which projects the inventory data to the model grid and generates temporal and vertical scaling profiles for individual emission categories. The package is also able to produce “offline” emission files if desired. Furthermore, we outline the concept of the online emission module (written in Fortran 90) and demonstrate its implementation in two different atmospheric transport models: COSMO-GHG and COSMO-ART. Simulation results from both modeling systems show the equivalence of the online and offline procedure. While the model run time is very similar for both approaches, input size and pre-processing time are greatly reduced when online emissions are utilized.
A daily 25 km short-latency rainfall product for data-scarce regions based on the integration of the Global Precipitation Measurement mission rainfall and multiple-satellite soil moisture products
Authors: Massari Christian , Brocca Luca , Pellarin Thierry , Abramowitz Gab , Filippucci Paolo , Ciabatta Luca , Maggioni Viviana , Kerr Yann , Fernandez Prieto Diego
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Rain gauges are unevenly spaced around the world with extremely low gauge density over developing countries. For instance, in some regions in Africa the gauge density is often less than one station per 10 000 km2. The availability of rainfall data provided by gauges is also not always guaranteed in near real time or with a timeliness suited for agricultural and water resource management applications, as gauges are also subject to malfunctions and regulations imposed by national authorities. A potential alternative is satellite-based rainfall estimates, yet comparisons with in situ data suggest they are often not optimal. In this study, we developed a short-latency (i.e. 2–3 d) rainfall product derived from the combination of the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) Early Run (IMERG-ER) with multiple-satellite soil-moisture-based rainfall products derived from ASCAT (Advanced Scatterometer), SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) and SMAP (Soil Moisture Active and Passive) L3 (Level 3) satellite soil moisture (SM) retrievals. We tested the performance of this product over four regions characterized by high-quality ground-based rainfall datasets (India, the conterminous United States, Australia and Europe) and over data-scarce regions in Africa and South America by using triple-collocation (TC) analysis. We found that the integration of satellite SM observations with in situ rainfall observations is very beneficial with improvements of IMERG-ER up to 20 % and 40 % in terms of correlation and error, respectively, and a generalized enhancement in terms of categorical scores with the integrated product often outperforming reanalysis and ground-based long-latency datasets. We also found a relevant overestimation of the rainfall variability of GPM-based products (up to twice the reference value), which was significantly reduced after the integration with satellite soil-moisture-based rainfall estimates. Given the importance of a reliable and readily available rainfall product for water resource management and agricultural applications over data-scarce regions, the developed product can provide a valuable and unique source of rainfall information for these regions.
Using 3D turbulence-resolving simulations to understand the impact of surface properties on the energy balance of a debris-covered glacier
Authors: Bonekamp Pleun N. J. , van Heerwaarden Chiel C. , Steiner Jakob F. , Immerzeel Walter W.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Debris-covered glaciers account for almost one-fifth of the total glacier
ice volume in High Mountain Asia; however, their contribution to the total
glacier melt remains uncertain, and the drivers controlling this melt are
still largely unknown. Debris influences the properties (e.g. albedo,
thermal conductivity, roughness) of the glacier surface and thus the surface
energy balance and glacier melt. In this study we have used sensitivity
tests to assess the effect of surface properties of debris on the spatial
distribution of micrometeorological variables such as wind fields, moisture
and temperature. Subsequently we investigated how those surface properties
drive the turbulent fluxes and eventually the conductive heat flux of a
debris-covered glacier. We simulated a debris-covered glacier (Lirung Glacier, Nepal) at a 1 m
resolution with the MicroHH model, with boundary conditions retrieved from
an automatic weather station (temperature, wind and specific humidity) and
unmanned
aerial vehicle flights (digital elevation map and surface temperature). The model was
validated using eddy covariance data. A sensitivity analysis was then
performed to provide insight into how heterogeneous surface variables
control the glacier microclimate. Additionally, we show that ice cliffs are
local melt hot spots and that turbulent fluxes and local heat advection
amplify spatial heterogeneity on the surface. The high spatial variability
of small-scale meteorological variables suggests that point-based station
observations cannot be simply extrapolated to an entire glacier. These
outcomes should be considered in future studies for a better estimation of
glacier melt in High Mountain Asia.
Development and feasibility study of segment blade test methodology
Authors: Ha Kwangtae , Bätge Moritz , Melcher David , Czichon Steffen
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This paper outlines a novel segment test methodology for
wind turbine rotor blades. The segment test mainly aims at improving the
efficiency of the fatigue test as a future test method at Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy Systems (IWES).
While resulting in reduced testing times, target fatigue bending moments
over the intended test area have to be matched within an acceptable range of
overload. The numerical simulation reveals that the proposed segment testing
has a significant time savings of up to 43 % and 52 % for 60 and 90 m
blades. When compared to the experimental data of a 60 m full-length blade
fatigue test, the proposed methodology also shows better test quality over
the intended area and better certifiable regions over the outboard area.
Transpodcast universe. Narrative models and independent community”.
Authors: García-Marín David
Published: May 2020

This article describes the evolutionary process and the state of the art of podcasting from a theoretical and analytical perspective. This work integrates the main results of several researches carried out by the author in different countries, whose main conclusions show that podcasting has acquired a transmedia narrative texture that goes beyond the monomedia model from its beginnings, giving way to a new medium, transpodcast, which presents complex structural systems characterized by a specific multiplatform grammar and a high diversity of contents. Transpodcast is supported by the development of robust affinity communities, users and fans. These communities are built as peer-to-peer communication spaces and algorithmic environments where an evident automation of the fandom takes place.
Unity of Brethren Tradition and Comenius's Pansophy
Authors: Ranalli Brent
Published: May 2020

It is well documented that Comenius's (1592–1670) “pansophic” program of intellectual reform was influenced by a variety of European authors (e.g., Andreae, Campanella, Bacon, Patrizi) and trends such as Ramism and German Reformed encyclopedism. This article enumerates some of the debts the pansophic program owes to a source closer to home: the Unity of Brethren, Comenius's own Hussite religious tradition. First, we examine several ways in which Comenius's intellectual-reform goals and methods echo the search for unity and harmony that was characteristic of the Brethren (internally, in the group's decision-making techniques, and externally, in its irenic efforts). Second, we see how the virtues Comenius prescribes for philosophers in his pansophic writings parallel the virtues considered necessary for religious irenics.
Early Experience Managing a High-volume Academic Orthopaedic Department During the Coronavirus Pandemic in New York City
Authors: Sharfman Zachary T. , Loloi Jeremy , Krystal Jonathan , Fornari Eric , Levin Paul , Levy I. Martin , Cobelli Neil J. , Geller David S. , Kim Sun Jin
Published: May 2020

Our orthopaedic surgery department at Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine is located within the Bronx, a borough of New York City, and serves a densely populated urban community. Since the beginning of the novel coronavirus outbreak in New York City, the medical center was forced to rapidly adapt to the projected influx of critically ill patients. The aim of this report is to outline how our large academic orthopaedic surgery department adopted changes and alternative practices in response to the most daunting challenge to public health in our region in over a century. We hope that this report provides insight for others facing similar challenges.
The Model of Conflict-Handling between Gafatar and the Mempawah Community in the Legal Approach
Authors: Azizurrahman Sy. Hasyim , Elyta Elyta
Published: May 2020

Conflict arises as a result of various forms of difference and importance, but the most common is the difference of opinion. As happened to the community of Mempawah Districts, there was an indication of heresy that runs by the Fajar Nusantara Movement Group (Gafatar). Gafatar had opposite goals with what the local and central government has implemented. This research is to design a model for handling conflicts between Gafatar and the community in the law approach. The research method applied is qualitative. Data collection used interview technique, documentation technique, and narratives. The results of this study have designed models for handling conflicts between Gafatar and the Mempawah community in a legal approach. The research has also emphasized the role of the state and the its military and security apparatus to keep order and solve tribal issues. Resolving the Gafatar group conflict with West Kalimantan MUI is the central case of this study.
Modification of Semi-Analytical Method Applied System of ODE
Authors: Nave OPhir
Published: May 2020

In this study, we modify the well-known semi-analytical method called the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM), such that the right-hand side of a given ODE system is decomposed to a sum of analytical functions. We called the new semi-analytical method: decomposition of the Homotopy Analysis Method (DHAM). We applied the new method to a breast cancer mathematical model. We compared the DHAM results to HAM and numerical simulations. We concluded that the DHAM results are closer to the numerical simulation results than the HAM.
Innovations of Organic Agriculture, Challenges and Organic Certification in the United States
Authors: Wiggins ZaDarreyal , Nandwani Dilip
Published: May 2020

Organic agriculture is a production system that maintains the health of an agro-ecosystem by enhancing biodiversity and producing healthy soils by eliminating the use of chemicals. Other practices are used to enhance properties of the soil and increase long term soil fertility and prevent pest and diseases. Globally, organic agriculture has grown approximately by 20% yearly as consumers and growers make healthier food choices and show more concern about the impacts of our actions on the environment. Organic agriculture attempts to increase the level of food security and create a more sustainable environment for future generations. Organic certification has continuously increased as the benefits steady arise for farmers looking to produce healthier food. This article will observe the history, present day, challenges, certifications, impacts and benefits of the intriguing organic agricultural world.
Trillo, Juan Manuel y Lois, Rubén Camilo (eds.) (2019). Paisaxes nacionais no mundo global
Authors: Agrelo Janza Luis Martín
Published: May 2020

Trillo, Juan Manuel y Lois, Rubén Camilo (eds.) (2019)Paisaxes nacionais no mundo globalSantiago de Compostela: Grupo de Análise Territorial (ANTE) GI-1871, 165 p.ISBN 978-84-09-09687-9
Práticas de compartilhamento de conhecimento em comunidades de prática multialocadas: uma revisão integrativa.
Authors: Karam-Koleski Adriana Verissimo , Cunha Cristiano José Castro de Almeida , Silva Solange Maria da , Costa Eduardo Moreira da
Published: May 2020

Objetivo do estudo: Compreender as práticas de compartilhamento de conhecimento utilizadas em comunidades de prática que têm pontos de contato espalhados geograficamente. Tais comunidades, denominadas de “Comunidades de Prática (CoPs) Multialocadas”, precisam se valer de práticas diferenciadas para compartilhar seu conhecimento.Metodologia/abordagem: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa, com consulta às bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science e SciELO, com análise temática dos artigos revisados.Originalidade/Relevância: As CoPs intraorganizacionais e suas iniciativas de compartilhamento de conhecimento têm sido amplamente discutidas na literatura. No entanto, CoPs multialocadas e suas práticas de compartilhamento de conhecimento ainda são pouco estudadas. Principais resultados: Foram identificadas e discutidas quatro dimensões de práticas de compartilhamento de conhecimento: 1) “Lugar integrador”, 2) “De tomadores a compartilhadores de conhecimento”, 3) “Promoção de conexões” e 4) “Implantação e sustentação”. Contribuições: O artigo tem contribuições em duas linhas principais: 1) as dimensões identificadas podem oferecer subsídios para a análise de processos de compartilhamento de conhecimento em comunidades de prática desta natureza e 2) as práticas apresentadas podem colaborar com a qualificação e enriquecimento de projetos de compartilhamento de conhecimento em CoPs multialocadas em formação ou já existentes.Conclusão: Não há um conjunto padrão de práticas de compartilhamento de conhecimento em CoPs multialocadas. O denominador comum é que a escolha de tais práticas deve levar em consideração os objetivos da comunidade, as características de seus membros, a natureza do conteúdo a ser compartilhado, os canais de compartilhamento de conhecimento e também os recursos disponíveis.
Development of FTCS Artificial Dissipation for Dam Break 2D Modelling
Authors: Mellivera Avis , Zain Khilmi , Adityawan Mohammad Bagus , Harlan Dhemi , Farid Mohammad , Yakti Bagus Pramono
Published: May 2020

AbstractDam is a useful infrastructure for human life. It helps supporting social and economic development. Damages to dams may cause negative impacts such as casualties and destruction.  Thus, mitigation for dam related disaster has to be performed. This study uses derivatives of 1D and 2D shallow water wave equations.  This equation is based on the principle of mass and momentum conservation. Furthermore, it is discretized using finite difference Forward Time Center Space (FTCS) scheme. Hansen's filter is used to reduce oscillation and maintain the stability of the calculation. The filter serves as an artificial dissipation to filter each point for each time step. Based on the analysis, simulation of 1D dam break using FTCS numerical scheme shows a similar flow pattern to the analytical solution. But, it is not stable and still shows a quite big oscillation. Hansen Filter can significantly reduce oscillation and increase accuracy. However, its application shows a less accurate wavefront and moveable bed situation. Overall it can be concluded that FTCS numerical scheme with numerical filter can be used to solve 2D shallow flow problems such as circular dam break simulation. AbstrakBendungan adalah infrastruktur yang bermanfaat bagi kehidupan manusia untuk mendukung pembangunan sosial dan ekonomi. Selain bermanfaat, bendungan juga bisa berdampak negatif yaitu menyebabkan korban jiwa dan kerusakan. Oleh karena itu, mitigasi bencana terkait kegagalan bendungan perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan turunan dari persamaan gelombang air dangkal 1D dan 2D. Persamaan ini merupakan gabungan dari prinsip konservasi massa dan momentum. Persamaan tersebut kemudian didiskritisasi menggunakan skema beda hingga Forward Time Center Space (FTCS). Filter Hansen digunakan untuk mengurangi osilasi dan menjaga stabilitas perhitungan. Filter berfungsi sebagai disipasi buatan untuk menyaring setiap titik pada setiap langkah waktu. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa simulasi dam break 1D menggunakan skema numerik FTCS menunjukkan pola aliran yang mirip dengan solusi analitik tetapi tidak stabil dan masih menunjukkan osilasi yang cukup besar. Hansen Filter secara signifikan dapat mengurangi osilasi dan meningkatkan akurasi. Akan tetapi, aplikasinya menunjukkan muka gelombang dan situasi lapisan dasar yang kurang akurat. Secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa skema numerik FTCS dengan filter numerik dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah aliran dangkal 2D seperti simulasi dam break.
Politura and Polychromy on Ancient Marble Sculpture
Authors: Abbe Mark
Published: May 2020

The highly nuanced surface polishes evident on marble sculptures from the later Greek and Roman periods were integral to their material and polychrome aesthetics in antiquity. This paper reconsiders these polishes (L. politura, -ae) that remain often summarily described and little examined. Aspects of the textual, archaeological, and physical evidence for polishes on marble sculpture are critically commented upon and post-antique assumptions about the techniques and intended viewing of polished marble surfaces are critiqued. The polishes on marble statuary may be profitably compared to other translucent painted media, including the ancient tradition of painted glass, exemplified by the little-known Paris Plate, and the larger, diverse range of translucent stone sculpture in antiquity. These comparisons form a basis for rethinking common assumptions about polished white marble, its relative status in antiquity, and the craft specialization of ancient sculptors.
POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE WASTE RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY TO PRODUCE TEREPHTHALIC ACID AMIDE
Authors: Vesnin Roman L. , Vokhmyanin Mikhail A. , Alalykin Alexander A.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to conduct and study the process of chemical recycling of solid household waste of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a mixture of amino alcohols (monoethanolamine and triethanolamine) under relatively mild conditions and without the use of catalysts. It was revealed that during the reaction of PET with a mixture of amino alcohols of a low molecular weight white product is formed, containing in its structure an aromatic core, two amide and two hydroxyl groups - N, N'-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalamide. The most effective purification and isolation of the target low molecular weight compound from the reaction mixtures is achieved by recrystallization from water. The structure of the obtained compound was studied using IR Fourier spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry, as well as some physicochemical properties of the obtained compound (solubility, melting point). A technological scheme for obtaining this low molecular weight substance in relatively large volumes by a periodic method with the regeneration of the initial amino alcohols for their reuse is proposed. The process is carried out in a heated batch reactor, which receives crushed PET waste, as well as a mixture of amino alcohols. The reaction mass is maintained at a temperature of 160 °C and periodic stirring for 3-4 h. After completion of the reaction and cooling the mixture is fed into the apparatus-crystallizer for further selection of the target product by crystallization from water. In addition, on the basis of the available experimental data and theoretical assumptions, the possibility in principle of using the obtained low-molecular compound as a monomer in the polycondensation reaction to obtain polyamidoesters is considered, similar to the principles of obtaining polyethylene terephthalate from diglycolterephthalate. It was shown that the depolymerization product enters into a polycondensation reaction with the formation of an oligomeric product - a viscous, resinous mass having a color from yellow to caramel.
SORPTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS BY MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMERS
Authors: Linh Cao Nhat , Zyablov Alexander N. , Duvanova Olga V. , Selemenev Vladimir F.
Published: May 2020

Molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized as selective coatings of piezoelectric sensors for determination of carboxylic acids in the intermediate fractions of rectified ethanol. Molecularly imprinted polymers were obtained by reorganizing and imidizing polyamic acid chains in N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of a template by the non-covalent imprinting method. The ability of molecularly imprinted polymers to recognize the target templates was evaluated by studying their sorption properties in comparison with non-imprinted polymers using direct conductometry in static mode. The equilibrium time of polyimide and molecularly imprinted polymers for acetic, propionic, butyric acids is in the range of 40 - 80 min. The type of sorption isotherm of acetic acid is characteristic of polymeric materials with micropores. During the sorption of acetic acid at low concentrations, the solvent-ethanol strongly competes with the adsorbed substance due to the close molecular sizes and the presence of group -OH. The type of sorption isotherms of propionic and butyric acids refers to the monomolecular adsorption. The sorption of carboxylic acids by molecularly imprinted polyimide is carried out mainly due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between carboxyl groups of adsorbent and adsorbate. According to the sorption data, the degrees of extraction, distribution coefficients, and imprinting factor values were calculated (IF = 3.0-15.1). It is shown that the molecularly imprinted polymers for carboxylic acids have better sorption ability to acid molecules than their non-imprinted polymers. At the same time, the molecularly imprinted polymer for butyric acid has the highest sorption capacity. Thus, the possibility of using molecularly imprinted polymers for carboxylic acids based on polyimide as selective coatings of piezosensors has been established.
RESEARCH OF COMBINED USE OF CARBON AND ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Authors: Zubkova Olga S. , Alekseev Aleksey I. , Zalilova Mariya M.
Published: May 2020

The study is devoted to studying the adsorption properties of a thermally modified carbon-containing material of schungite in combination with a coagulant aluminum oxychloride for further operation in a combined wastewater treatment. The carbon sorbent traditionally used in water sorption treatment - hydroanthracite and untreated ground natural mineral shungite has been studied. Its thermal modification in order to increase the specific surface and total pore volume to increase the cleaning efficiency was carried out on the basis of the obtained experimental data on adsorption on natural shungite and hydroanthracite. In the course of the experiment, the thermal modification of natural adsorbent based on the schungite from Zazhoginsky deposit in Karelia was studied. A comparative study of the adsorption of iron (III) was made on the following adsorbents: anthracite, natural schungite, thermally modified schungite. The isotherms adsorption of iron (III) as a function of the equilibrium concentration were obtauned. The degree of extraction of the metal cations from standardized test solution using initial and modified natural adsorbents was determined. The use of oxychloride coagulant is suggested to clean the water up to the required indicators. On the basis of experimental data, a two-stage wastewater treatment scheme is proposed using the modified schungite and aluminum oxychloride coagulant. Following the results of experiments, it is possible to draw a conclusion that modified shungite adsorbs in comparison with anthracite 1.4 times higher and twice above, then natural shungite without heat treatment. The value of the maximum adsorption is of the great importance for the modified shungite, which almost in 7 times more the maximum adsorption received for anthracite and by 5.6 times – for not processed natural shungite.
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMBRANES AND KINETIC DEPENDENCES OF ELECTRONANOFILTRATION WASTE WATER TREATMENT OF LATINATING PROCESS
Authors: Khorokhorina Irina V. , Lazarev Sergey I. , Golovin Yuri M. , Lazarev Dmitry S.
Published: May 2020

The basic structural characteristics of the membrane and kinetic dependences of the electron-filtration separation of wastewater of the brassing process are investigated. The retention factor and the specific output flow for the near-anode and near-cathode membrane were calculated. The dependences of the retention factor and the specific output flow on the transmembrane pressure and current density are analyzed, and it is noted that the anode membrane as a result of the application of a constant electric potential to the membrane-solution system starts to clog and a sludge layer forms on its surface due to the electrochemical process. A comparison is made of the retention capacity of OPMN-P and OPMN-K membranes for a real spent technological solution after the process of brazing and a model solution containing the same concentrations of copper ions (Cu2+) and zinc (Zn2+) as in real runoff. The structural characteristics of nanofiltration membranes of the type OFAM-K and OPMN-P were studied and analyzed. Changes in the crystalline and amorphous phases of the active layer and the membrane substrate are considered. The change in crystalline parameters in crystallites can be explained only by the structural features of macromolecules of polyamide and their orientation during crystallization. Under the action of transmembrane pressure and transport of water molecules, the polymorphism of the packing of the crystal lattice occurs. The packing density of the amorphous phases of the working membrane decreases, which affects the transport and selective properties of the membrane. In fact, the deformation of an amorphous-crystalline polymer leads to a restructuring of the structure not only in the orientation of the macromolecules of the amorphous, but also the crystalline phases of the membranes. It was also noted that the packing density of the amorphous phases of the working membrane decreases, which affects the transport and selective properties of the membrane.
TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL IN DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE PLASMA
Authors: Gusev Grigory I. , Gushchin Andrey A. , Grinevich Vladimir I. , Izvekova Tatyana V. , Sharonov Alexander V. , Rybkin Vladimir V.
Published: May 2020

In the work, the processes of destruction of aqueous solutions of 2,4-dichlorophenol in a dielectric barrier discharge of atmospheric pressure in oxygen were studied. It has been experimentally shown that 2,4-dichlorophenol is destroyed in plasma quite efficiently (the degree of destruction reaches 80 %), which confirms the earlier studies on the decomposition of various organic pollutants in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma. The kinetic parameters were estimated and the main intermediate and final products of the decomposition of 2,4-dichlorophenol under the action of active plasma particles were determined. The destruction of the starting compound is described by a first order kinetic equation. The effective rate constant depends weakly on the experimental conditions and it equals to 0.56 s–1. The composition of the degradation products was studied by gas chromatography, as well as by fluorescence, spectrophotometric and potentiometric methods. Cl- in the liquid phase, as well as СО and СО2 in the gas phase, were identified as the final degradation products. And carboxylic acids and aldehydes were intermediate degradation products. But their concentrations are not high relative to СО and СО2. No molecular chlorine was detected in the gas phase. It was found that ozone does not make a significant contribution to the oxidative destruction of 2,4-dichlorophenol. The hydroxyl radicals and atomic oxygen are main active particles involved in oxidative processes.  An increase in the frequency of the discharge current from 50 to 800 Hz, as well as the absence of a hydrophobic coating of the internal electrode, leads to a decrease in the decomposition rate by a factor of 1.7 (from 227 to 135 μmol/(l∙s)).
SYNTHESIS AND FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES FOR SUPERCAPACITOR ELECTRODES
Authors: Shchegolkov Alexander V. , Burakova Elena A. , Dyachkova Tatyana P. , Orlova Natalia V. , Komarov Fadej F. , Lipkin Mikhail S.
Published: May 2020

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been synthesized using catalysts of the Ni/Mg, Fe-Co/Al2O and Co-Mo/Al2O3-MgO composition with different component ratios by gas-phase chemical deposition. They differ in geometric parameters, the nature of the inclusion of metal oxide catalyst impurities, and morphological features. To form oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, CNTS were oxidized with ozone-oxygen mixture (1 vol.% O3) at room temperature for 5 h. Initial and functionalized CNT samples were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Raman and IR spectroscopy. It is shown that as a result of oxidation, the amorphous phase is removed from the material, and oxygen-containing groups-OH, >C=O and –O–C–O–are formed on the CNT surface. Also, during functionalization, there is a slight decrease in the specific surface area of the studied nanotube samples. The electrochemical behavior of initial and functionalized carbon nanotubes in an alkaline electrolyte was studied using cyclic voltammetry. It is shown that based on the analysis of CVA curves, CNTS can be divided into two groups-with the Faraday and non-Faraday character of the current electrode processes. The contribution of the non-Faraday component prevails when carbon nanotubes synthesized on Ni/Mg and Co-Mo/Al2O3-MgO catalysts are used as electrode materials. Oxidative functionalization of CNTs of this type is appropriate and contributes to the improvement and stabilization of capacitance properties during cycling. The positive influence of metal oxide catalyst admixtures on the properties of electrode materials was also noted. Therefore, ozone oxidation is a promising way to functionalize CNTs for their subsequent use as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors.
ŠUMSKA DRVNA BIOMASA I DRVNI OTPAD U FUNKCIJI PROIZVODNJE ENERGENTA NA PODRUČJU TUZLANSKOG KANTONA ̶ POTENCIJALI I MOGUĆNOSTI
Authors: Halilović Velid , Musić Jusuf , Hadžidervišagić Dino , Avdagić Admir , Knežević Jelena , Brčaninović Edin
Published: May 2020

Utvrđivanje kapaciteta proizvodnje sekundarnih energenata na području Tuzlanskog kantona pružavažno uporište za detaljnije i racionalnije planiranje korištenja drvnog otpada iz različitih izvora kojinastaje na navedenom području. Za potrebe ovih istraživanja korištena je metoda analize i sinteze,kao i komparativna analiza na osnovu izvora podataka dobijenih od vlasnika postrojenja za proizvodnjusekundarnih energenata, drvoprerađivačkih preduzeća i preduzeća koje gazduje šumama Tuzlanskogkantona, ostale relevantne dokumentacije iz Kantonalne privredne komore Tuzla, te na osnovuIzvještaja o poslovanju i statističkih biltena. Trenutno je iskorišteno 59% kapaciteta postrojenja zaproizvodnju peleta na Tuzlanskom kantonu, proizvodnja briketa se realizuje sa 77%, a drvna sječkasa 70%. Količina drvnog otpada iz prerade drveta iznosi cca 36 306 m³ godišnje. Stvarna realizacijaogrevnog drveta sa maloprodajom na području Šuma TK iznosila je 96.007 m3. Na području Tuzlanskogkantona postoje prerađivači (cijepanje) drveta sa 43% iskorištenog kapaciteta. Rezultati rada pokazujuda se potencijal proizvodnje sekundarnih energenata na području Tuzlanskog kantona ne koristina zadovoljavajućem nivou. Maksimalni kapaciteti proizvodnje se ni približno ne ostvaruju. Da bi seosigurala isplativa i održiva proizvodnja peleta i briketa, osnovni uslov je da se raspolaže potrebnimkoličinama sirovine. Ukupna količina otpadnog drveta na području Tuzlanskog kantona nije dovoljnaza maksimalni kapacitet instalisanih postrojenja za proizvodnju sekundarnih energenata. U tom slučajuneophodna je nabavka sirovine sa šireg područja BiH, zatim bolje korištenje otpada iz šumarstva, anaročito korištenje izdanačkih šuma. Kao sirovinska baza tu je svakako i mogućnost proizvodnje energetskihplantaža brzorastućih vrsta i sl.
PRILOG POZNAVANJU RASPROSTRANJENJA I EKOLOGIJE CRNJUŠE (Erica carnea L.) U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
Authors: Lukić Ognjen , Milanović Đorđije , Brujić Jugoslav , Stupar Vladimir
Published: May 2020

U radu je prikazano 13 novih nalazišta crnjuše (Erica carnea L.) u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH). Prikupljeni susvi literaturni navodi za ovu vrstu u BiH i zajedno sa novim nalazištima prikazani na MGRS mreži kvadrataveličine 10x10 km. Podaci su prikazani posebno za svaki tip geološke podloge: dolomiti, serpentiniti,krečnjaci, silikati i posebno visokoplaninski karbonati. Prikazan je i raspon visina nalazišta za pojedinegrupe geoloških podloga. Pored novih nalazišta na dolomitnim i silikatnim staništima, u radu se skrećepažnja na nalazišta crnjuše u krečnjačkim kanjonima Vrbasa, Bistrice i Drine, što predstavlja i novostanište ove vrste u BiH, koje je u radu detaljnije opisano.