bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deskripsi Sistem Antrian pada Klinik Dokter Spesialis Penyakit Dalam
Authors: Salaki Deiby T
Published: July 2019

DESKRIPSI SISTEM ANTRIAN PADA KLINIK DOKTER SPESIALIS PENYAKIT DALAM ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui deskripsi sistem antrian pada klinik dokter internist. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara langsung pada klinik dokter internist JHA selama 12 hari, selama 2 jam waktu pengamatan tiap harinya pada periode sibuk.. Model antrian yang digunakan adalah model (M/M/1) : (FIFO/~/~), tingkat kedatangan bersebaran poisson, waktu pelayanan bersebaran eksponensial, dengan jumlah pelayanan adalah seorang dokter, disiplin antrian yang digunakan adalah pasien yang pertama datang yang pertama dilayani, jumlah pelayanan dalam sistem dan ukuran populasi pada sumber masukan adalah tak berhingga.  Sistem antrian pada klinik ini memiliki kecepatan kedatangan pelayanan anamnesa rata-rata  menit 1 orang pasien datang, kecepatan kedatangan pelayanan pemeriksaan fisik rata-rata  menit 1 orang pasien datang, rata-rata waktu pelayanan anamnesa untuk  seorang pasien  menit, rata-rata waktu pelayanan pemeriksaan fisik untuk  seorang pasien  menit, peluang kesibukan  pelayanan anamnesa sebesar , peluang kesibukan  pelayanan pemeriksaan fisik sebesar , dan peluang pelayanan anamnesa menganggur sebesar , peluang pelayanan pemeriksaan fisik menganggur sebesar . Rata-rata banyaknya pengantri untuk anamnesa adalah  pasien sedangkan untuk pemeriksaan fisik  pasien, rata-rata banyaknya pengantri dalam sistem adalah  pasien, waktu rata-rata seorang pasien dalam klinik adalah  menit, waktu rata-rata seseorang pasien untuk antri adalah  menit. Kata kunci: Sistem Antrian, Klinik Penyakit Dalam  DESCRIPTION OF QUEUING SYSTEM AT THE INTERNIST CLINIC ABSTRACT This research determines the description of queuing system at the internist Clinic. Data collected by direct observation during 12 days and in 2 hours. Queuing model that used is model of (M/M/1): (FIFO /~/~). Based on the research, the clinic has 3.256 minutes per patient in average arrival rate for anamnesys, the average arrival rate for diaagnosys is 3.255 minutes per patient, average service speed for anamnesys is 2.675 minutes per patient, average service speed for diagnosys is 12.635 minutes, the probability of busy periods for anamnesys is 0.864, the probability of busy periods for diagnosys is 0.832 and probability of all free services or no patient in the anamnesys equal to 0.136, probability of all free services or no patient in the anamnesys equal to 0.168. The average number of patients in anamnesys queue is 5 patients, the average number of patients in diagnosys queue is 4 patients, the average number of patients in the system is 10 patients, the average waiting time in the system is 47.078 minutes and the average queuing time is 31.660 minutes. Keywords: Queuing system, internist clinic
OPTIMASI PENDISTRIBUSIAN AIR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE LEAST COST DAN METODE MODIFIED DISTRIBUTION (Studi Kasus: PDAM Kabupaten Minahasa Utara)
Authors: Nelwan Claudia , Kekenusa John S , Langi Yohanes A.R
Published: July 2019

OPTIMASI PENDISTRIBUSIAN AIR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE LEAST COST DAN METODE MODIFIED DISTRIBUTION (Studi Kasus: PDAM Kabupaten Minahasa Utara) ABSTRAK Model optimasi merupakan salah satu model analisis sistem yang diindentikkan dengan operation research. Model transportasi berkaitan dengan penentuan rencana biaya terendah untuk mengirimkan satu barang dari sejumlah sumber (misalnya, pabrik) ke sejumlah tujuan (misalnya, gudang). Prinsip kerja metode least cost ialah pemberian prioritas pengalokasian yang mempunyai ongkos satuan terkecil (biaya per unit terkecil). Metode MODI (Modified Distribution) merupakan metode penyelesaian kasus transportasi yang di kembangkan dari metode stepping stone. Tujuan penelitian ini, menentukan distribusi air yang optimal dengan biaya distribusi yang minimum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya operasional yang dikeluarkan sebelum dilakukan minimalisasi yaitu Rp. 603.364.240 dan biaya operasional yang dikeluarkan setelah diminimalisasi menggunakan metode least cost yaitu Rp. 588.814.656. Kata kunci : Least cost, modified distribution, optimasi, pendistribusian air   OPTIMIZATION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION USING LEAST COST METHOD AND MODIFIED DISTRIBUTION METHOD (Case Study on PDAM North Minahasa District) ABSTRACT Optimization model is one of model in system analysis model identified with operations research. Transport models related to the determination of the lowest cost plan to send an item from a source to a destination. The procedure of the least cost method is giving priority allocation that has the smallest unit cost (cost per unit of the smallest). MODI method (Modified Distribution) is a method of resolving cases of transport that was developed methods stepping stone. The objective from the reseach is determining optimal water distribution with the cost of minimum. The research that has been gained operating costs incurred prior to the minimization of Rp. 603.364.240 and operating cost incurred after minimized using the least cost method is Rp. 588.814.656. Keywords: Least cost, modified distribution, optimization, water distribution
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SEAGRASSES SPECIES IN NEGROS ORIENTAL
Authors: Wagey Billy Th
Published: July 2019

MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SEAGRASSES SPECIES IN NEGROS ORIENTAL ABSTRAK Studi variasi morfometrik dari 5 spesies lamun di Negros Oriental Philippines dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Maret 2011. Pengukuran variable morfologi yang diambil adalah: panjang akar,  tinggi tegakkan lamun, panjang daun terpanjang  dalam cm.  Hasil studi menunjukkan: 1) Species Lamun yang diperoleh dari daerah Bais memiliki ukuran terkecil sedangkan lamun yang berasal dari Banilad yang tertinggi; 2) Diantara semua spesies yang teramati, Cymodocea rotundata tidak menunjukkan variasi morfometrik Kata Kunci: morfometrik, akar, daun terpanjang   ANALISIS MORFOMETRIK SPESIES LAMUN DI NEGROS ORIENTAL ABSTRACT A study of morphometric variations of five seagrass species in Negros Oriental, the Philippines was conducted from January to March 20011. Measurements of the following morphological variables were taken: length of rhizomes, length of upright shoot, length of longest leaf (cm). The study showed that: 1) Seagrass species from Bais had the lowest size range in morphometric measurements, whereas those from Banilad had the highest; 2) Among all the species observed, Cymodocea serrulata did not show morphometric variations. Keywords: morphometric, rhizome, longest leaf
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN FITOKIMIA DARI UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN SOYOGIK (Sauraula bracteosa DC) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE MASERASI
Authors: Maukar Morein A , Runtuwene Max R.J. , Pontoh Julius
Published: July 2019

ANALISIS KANDUNGAN FITOKIMIA DARI UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK METANOL  DAUN SOYOGIK (Sauraula bracteosa DC) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN  METODE MASERASI ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui LC50 ekstrak metanol tanaman soyogik yang diekstraksi secara maserasi dan menganalisis kandungan fenolik. Analisis kandungan fitokimia meliputi uji fenolik, uji flavonoid dan uji tanin . Uji toksisitas menggunakan metode BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) dengan menggunakan larva Artemia Salina Leach. Hasil yang diperoleh dan dianalisis  dengan analisis probit menggunakan S.PSS 20.0 untuk  mengetahui  nilai (LC50). Nilai LC50 yang diperoleh berdasarkan uji toksisitas daun soyogik yaitu sebesar 37,30  ppm. Kandungan fenolik, flavonoid  dan tanin berturut-turut adalah 43,06, 6,52 dan 17,91. Kata Kunci : Daun soyogik, Fitokimia, Toksisitas, Artemia salin FITOCHEMISTRY CONTENT ANALYSIS OF TOXICITY TEST OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF SOYOGIK LEAVE (Sauraula bracteosa DC) USING MASERATION METHOD   ABSTRACT The aims of this research are to measure the Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) in toxicity activity  methanol extracts from soyogik plants that were extracted by maceration and to analyzing its phenolic content. Phytochemical screening include phenolic, flavonoid and tannin test.  Toxicity assay using BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) method using Artemia Salina Leach. Results were analyzed by probit analysis using SPSS 20.0 for Windows to know the value of (LC50). Screening phytochemicals shows that there is antioxidants activity of Soyogik leaves. The LC50 values ​​were obtained by testing the toxicity of Soyogik leaves is equal to 37.301 ppm. The phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content were 43,06, 6,52 and 17,91, respectively. Keywords : Soyogik leaves, Phytochemical, Toxicity, Artemia salina.
SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK BIJI ADAS (Foeniculum vulgare) MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH
Authors: Sastrawan Idza N , Sangi Meiske , Kamu Vanda
Published: July 2019

SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK BIJI ADAS (Foeniculum vulgare) MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak biji adas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu melakukan skrining fitokimia untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa alkaloid, triterpenoid dan steroid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin dan menetukan aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak biji adas. Skrining Fitokimia untuk alkaloid ditentukan dengan menggunakan pereaksi Mayer, Dregendorff, Wagner. Triterpenoid dan steroid ditentukan menggunakan Mg bubuk. Senyawa tannin ditentukan dengan larutan FeCl3 1%. Senyawa saponin ditentukan menggunakan aquades. Ekstrak biji adas diperoleh dengan metode soxhletasi menggunakan pelarut petroleum eter dan uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode               1-1-difenil-2-pikrihidrazil (DPPH).  Hasil penelitian menunjukan kandungan senyawa kimia biji adas positive mengandung senyawa falvonoid, tannin dan saponin, sedangkan untuk senyawa alkaloid, triterpenoid dan steroid memberikan hasil yang negatif. Aktivitas antioksidan dengan 1000; 2000; 3000; 4000; 5000 ppm,  memberikan hasil berturut-turut yaitu 48.99 %, 33.92 %, 5.93 %, 21.23 %, 6.40 %. Aktivitas antioksidan biji adas tertinggi terdapat pada konsentrasi    1000 ppm dengan hasil 48.99 %. Biji adas memiliki persen aktivitas antioksidan yang baik, sehingga dapat didigunakan sebagai salah satu sumber antioksidan alami.   Kata kunci : Antioksidan, Biji adas, DPPH phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity testing of fennel seed extract (foeniculum vulgare) Using the dpph method Abstract Has done research on phytochemical screening and testing fennel seed extract antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study is to determine the phytochemical screening compounds content of alkaloids, triterpenoids and steroids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and determine the antioxidant activity of extracts of fennel seeds. Phytochemical screening for alkaloids was determined using reagent Mayer, Dregendorff, Wagner. Triterpenoids and steroids were determined using Mg powder. Tannin compounds determined with 1% FeCl3 solution and saponin determined using distilled water. Fennel seed extract obtained by the method soxhletasi using petroleum ether solvent and antioxidant activity assay using method 1-1-diphenyl-2-pikrihidrazil (DPPH). Research has been done showing the chemical content of fennel seeds contain compounds falvonoid positive , tannins and saponins . Antioxidant activity with 1000 ppm , 2000 ppm,    3000 ppm , 4000 ppm , 5000 ppm , respectively yield is 48.99 % , 33.92 % , 5.93 % , 21.23 %, 6.40 %. The highest antioxidant activity of fennel seeds contained 1000 ppm with 48.99 % result. Fennel seeds have a good percent antioxidant activity , so it can didigunakan as a source of natural antioxidants. Keywords : Antioxidants, Fennel seeds, DPPH
PENENTUAN STATUS PEMANFAATAN DAN SKENARIO PENGELOLAAN IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis) YANG TERTANGKAP DI PERAIRAN BOLAANG-MONGONDOW SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Kekenusa John S , Watung Victor N.R , Hatidja Djoni
Published: July 2019

PENENTUAN STATUS PEMANFAATAN DAN SKENARIO PENGELOLAANIKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis) YANG TERTANGKAP DI PERAIRANBOLAANG-MONGONDOW SULAWESI UTARAABSTRAKIkan Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis L.), perlu dikelola dengan baik sebagai sumber daya alam terbarukan, tetapi semakin habis atau punah. Salah satu pendekatan dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan adalah dengan pemodelan. Analisis dilakukan, bertujuan untuk mendapatkan model terbaik untuk model surplus produksi adalah Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY), dan untuk mendapatkan pemanfaatan cakalang dan tingkat usaha. Data yang digunakan untuk model produksi surplus dikumpulkan dari data hasil tangkapan cakalang yang disediakan oleh Dinas Kelautan Dan Perikanan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Model terbaik Surplus Produksi dapat digunakan untuk menilai potensi hasil cakalang adalah  model Fox. Upaya optimal per tahun secara biologi EMSY adalah 3.876 perjalanan. Hasil optimal secara biologi CMSY 1,505.00 ton per tahun. Tingkat pemanfaatan untuk tahun 2005 adalah 124,48%, dengan tingkat usaha 110,96%. Hasil tangkapan untuk tahun 2005 sudah di atas nilai MSY, yang menunjukkan overfishingKata kunci: ikan cakalang, Model surplus produksi, Maksimum Sustainable Yield,Bolaang MonogndowDETERMINATION OF THE STATUS OF UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENTSCENARIOS SKIPJACK (Katsuwonus pelamis L.) CAUGHT IN THEBOLAANG MONGONDOW BEACH, NORTH SULAWESIABSTRACTSkipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis L.), needs to be managed well as a renewable natural resources, but vunerable to depletion or extinction. One approach in fish resource management is by modeling. Analysis were carried out, aimed to get the best model for surplus production model, to assess the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY), and to get the skipjack utilization and effort level. Data used for surplus production model were collected from skipjack landings data provided by Marine and Fisheries Service (Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan) of Bolaang-Mongondow Regency and North Sulawesi Province. The best Surplus Production Model that can be used to assess the skipjack potential yield is the Fox model. The optimum effort per year biologically EMSY is 3,876 trips. The optimum yield biologically CMSY is 1,505.00 tons per year. Utilization level for 2005 was 124.48 %, with effort level 110.96 %. The catch for 2005 had already above the MSY value, which shows an overfishing.Keywords : Skipjack, Surplus Production Model, Maximum Sustainable Yield, Bolaang Mongondow
ANALISA DAN SIMULASI SISTEM PENGENDALIAN MOTOR DC
Authors: Waroh Anthoinete P.Y.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK Motor DC merupakan salah satu motor listrik yang banyak digunakan dalam industri dan akan tetap diminati oleh dunia usaha/industri karena karakteristik pengaturannya yang baik. Dari setiap spesifikasi motor DC dapat diamati bentuk karakteristik yang diperoleh dengan menjalankan/mensimulasikan model dinamis matematis dari motor DC. Salah satu tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk merumuskan model matematik motor DC kemudian dari model tersebut kemudian dilakukan analisis dan simulasi menggunakan Simulink untuk mempelajari /mengamati pengendalian arus jangkar melalui kendali jangkar, kendali medan maupun melalui kedua terminal tersebut. Manfaat pragmatis yaitu pengetahuan mengenai mengenai karakteristik motor DC untuk setiap jenis spesifikasi. Dari respon karakteristik yang dihasilkan akan membantu untuk menentukan jenis spesifikasi yang cocok digunakan  sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Kata kunci : Motor DC, Karakteristik, Simulasi. ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF DC MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM ABSTRACT DC motor many used in the industry and should be need by businesses / industries because of the controll characteristics is the best of other DC motor. The specification dc motor can obeserved a characterristic with running / simulation dynamic mathematical model of dc motor. One purpose of this research is the model for get the model of simulation using simulink for observation retstraint armature flows through the control of armature, field control and by the second terminal. Benefit of the aplication of knowledge about the characteristics of dc motor for any type of specification. From the characteristic of the response dc motor. It help determine the kind of specification for Matched used in accordance with the needs. Keywords : DC Motor, characteristics, simulation.
PEMETAAN KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT BERDASARKAN NILAI UJIAN NASIONAL SMA DAN AKREDITASI SEKOLAH
Authors: Mongi Charles E.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK Pendidikan memiliki peranan yang sangat penting bagi setiap individu mulai dari usia dini sampai usia lanjut. Jenjang pendidikan terdiri dari jenjang pendidikan dasar, menengah dan tinggi. Penelitian ini membahas posisi relatif kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat terhadap nilai UN dan akreditasi sekolah menengah atas dan penggerombolan sekolah di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Hasil analisis biplot menghasilkan tujuh kelompok sekolah. Kelompok pertama berada di rata-rata nilai UN dan akreditasi. Kelompok kedua cenderung rendah pada nilai UN dan akreditasi. Kelompok ketiga rendah pada nilai UN. Kelompok empat tinggi pada nilai akreditasi. Kelompok lima tinggi pada nilai UN. Kelompok enam cenderung tinggi pada nilai UN eksak. Kelompok tujuh rendah pada nilai UN dan akreditasi. Kata kunci: Nilai UN, Akreditasi, Biplot   MAPPING SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN WEST JAVA BASED NATIONAL EXAMINATION VALUE AND SCHOOL ACCREDITATION ABSTRACT Education has important role for individuals from childhood to the elderly. Educational levels consists primary education, secondary education and higher education. This study discussed the relative position of the districts in West Java Province throughout the national examination and high school accreditationas as well school clustering in West Java Province. Result of biplot analysis generated seven groups, first group were in the average national examination and accreditation. Second group were inclined low in national examination and also accreditation. The third group has a low national examination scores. The fourth group had a high score on the value of accreditation. Fifth group had a high value on national examination scores. The sixth group had inclined high national examination scores especially in science subjects. The seventh group had a low value on national examination and accreditation scores. Keywords: National Examination value, Accreditation, Biplot
ANALISIS PERCEPATAN TANAH MAKSIMUM DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN RUMUSAN ESTEVA DAN DONOVAN (Studi Kasus Pada Semenanjung Utara Pulau Sulawesi)
Authors: Kapojos Cloudya Gabriella , Tamuntuan Gerald , Pasau Guntur
Published: July 2019

ANALISIS PERCEPATAN TANAH MAKSIMUM DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN RUMUSAN ESTEVA DAN DONOVAN (Studi Kasus Pada Semenanjung Utara Pulau Sulawesi) ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan analisis percepatan tanah maksimum di semenanjung utara Pulau Sulawesi dengan menggunakan rumusan Esteva dan rumusan Donovan. Data yang digunakan adalah data gempa bumi tektonik yang terjadi di sekitar semenanjung utara Pulau Sulawesi pada periode tahun 2008 – 2014. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perubahan nilai percepatan tanah dari rumusan Esteva dan rumusan Donovan memiliki pola perubahan yang sama terhadap jarak. Nilai percepatan tanah menurut rumusan Donovan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dari rumusan Esteva. Perbandingan dengan data akselerograf mengindikasikan bahwa rumusan Esteva lebih cocok digunakan dalam mengestimasi percepatan tanah maksimum di semenanjung utara Pulau Sulawesi. Hasil pemetaan sebaran percepatan tanah maksimum menunjukkan bahwa wilayah Kabupaten Minahasa Utara berada pada zona dengan resiko yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan wilayah lainnya di semenanjung utara Pulau Sulawesi. Kata Kunci :Percepatan tanah maksimum, gempa bumi, semenanjung utara Pulau Sulawesi ANALYSIS OF PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION USING ESTEVA AND DONOVAN FORMULATIONS (A Case Study On The Northern Part of Sulawesi) ABSTRACT Peak ground acceleration on the northern part of Sulawesi Island has been analysis by using Esteva and Donovan formulations. We use tectonic earthquake data that occurred around the northern part of Sulawesi Island during period of 2008 till 2014. The results showed that both Esteva and Donovan formulations have the similar pattern on changes of peak ground acceleration to the distance. Value of peak ground acceleration calculated with Donovan method higher than Esteva method. Comparison between empirical formula results and accelerograf data show that Esteva formulation more suitable for use in estimating the peak ground acceleration in the northern part of Sulawesi Island. Distribution of peak ground acceleration indicate that the earthquake impact on North Minahasa Regency is higher than other regions in northern part of Sulawesi island. Keynotes: Peak Ground Acceleration, Earthquake, Northern Part of Sulawesi Island
KETERKAITAN PROTEIN YANG MENGANDUNG THIOESTER (TEP) DENGAN IMUNITAS DARI NYAMUK ANOPHELES TERHADAP PLASMODIUM
Authors: Irawan Presticilla D , Kolondam Beivy J
Published: July 2019

KETERKAITAN PROTEIN YANG MENGANDUNG THIOESTER (TEP) DENGAN IMUNITAS DARI NYAMUK ANOPHELES TERHADAP PLASMODIUM ABSTRAK Protein thioester (TEP) merupakan promotor terjadinya fagositosis bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif dalam sistem imun serangga. Salah satu TEP, yaitu TEP1 pada nyamuk Anopheles berfungsi sebagai faktor komplemen yang membunuh Plasmodium. TEP1 nyamuk disintesis pada hemosit dan disekresikan dari hemolimfa. Hubungan TEP1 dengan protein dan enzim lain dapat menghalangi perkembangan ookista dan ookinet pada lambung nyamuk betina. TEP1 nyamuk terdiri dari dua alel yaitu alel R (refractory/resisten) dan alel S (susceptible/rentan). Efektivitas kematian ookinet pada nyamuk TEP-S hanya 80% dan pada nyamuk TEP-R terjadi 100%. Respon imun nyamuk beralel R efektif mematikan Plasmodium, namun nyamuk beralel S mendominasi populasi. Kata-kata kunci: TEP, Anopheles, plasmodium, immunitas, malaria CONNECTION OF THIOESTER PROTEIN (TEP) AND IMMUNITY OF ANOPHELES MOSQUITO TO PLASMODIUM ABSTRACT Protein thioester (TEP) is the promotor of phagocytosis for Gram Posistive and Gram negative bacteria in insects immune system. One of the TEPs, the TEP1 are acting as complement factor to eliminate Plasmodium. TEP1 is syntetized in hemocyte and secreted from hemolymph. The connection of TEP1 with other proteins and enzymes are able to inhibit the oocyst and ookinete in the gastric of female mosquitos. The TEP is consist of two alleles; The R (refractory) and the S (susceptible). The death of ookinete in TEP-S and TEP-R mosquitos are 80% and 100%, respectively. Immune respond of mosquitos with R-allele are effective to kill Plasmodium but the S-allele are dominant in the population. Kata-kata kunci: TEP, Anopheles, Plasmodium, immunity, malaria
PENENTUAN TOTAL FENOLIK DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DARI TEPUNG PELEPAH AREN (Arenga pinnata)
Authors: Prasetyo Yudhie E , Sangi Meiske S , Wuntu Audy D
Published: July 2019

PENENTUAN TOTAL FENOLIK DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DARI TEPUNG PELEPAH AREN (Arenga pinnata) ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan fraksi etil asetat dari tepung pelepah aren (Arenga pinnata). Tepung pelepah aren diekstraksi maserasi menggunakan etanol hasil redestilasi cap tikus kemudian di partisi menggunakan pelarut petroleum eter, etil asetat dan aquades. Penentuan kandungan total fenolik menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dan aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode serapan radikal 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Didapati kandungan total fenolik fraksi etil asetat sebesar 172.857 ± 4.762 mg/kg dan aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas fraksi etil asetat sebesar 90.573 µg/mL. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa fraksi etil asetat berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami. Kata kunci: Tepung Pelepah aren, fenolik, aktivitas antioksidan, DPPH DETERMINATION TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF AREN’S MIDRIB POWDER (Arenga pinnata) ABSTRACT This research aims to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity from ethyl acetate fraction of Aren’s midrib powder (Arenga pinnata). Aren’s midrib powder extracted with maceration method with cap tikus redistillated ethanol and then partitioned with solvents such as petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and distillate water. The determination of phenolic content was using Folin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant activity was done using diphenylpycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. Total phenolic value of ethyl acetate fraction is 172.857 ± 4.762 and IC50 value of ethyl acetate fraction is 90.573 µg/mL. This result shows ethyl acetate fraction as natural antioxidant potential. Keywords: Aren’s midrib powder, phenolic, antioxidant activity, DPPH
ANALISIS PENENTUAN MUSIM PENANGKAPAN IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis L.) DI PERAIRAN BELANG MINAHASA TENGGARA-SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Kekenusa John Socrates , Paendong Marline S.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK Studi pada musim penangkapan untuk ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis), digambarkan di perairan Belang, Minahasa Tenggara - Sulawesi Utara. Data yang digunakan berdasarkan hasil tangkapan dan memancing bulanan oleh pukat cincin di tempat pendaratan ikan di Belang selama tahun 2009 sampai 2015. Analisis untuk musim memancing menggunakan Metode Persentase rata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan cakalang dapat ditangkap sepanjang tahun. Musim penangkapan ikan untuk cakalang terjadi selama Maret, April, Juni, Agustus, September, dan Oktober sementara bulan lainnya bukan musim memancing. Kata kunci: ikan cakalang, pukat cincin, musim penangkapan ikan, Metode Persentase rata. ANALYSIS DETERMINATION OF FISHING SEASON SKIPJACK TUNA (Katsuwonus pelamis L.) IN THE BELANG WATERS OF SOUTHEAST MINAHASA NORTH SULAWESI ABSTRACT Study on fishing season for skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis, was described in the Belang waters, South East Minahasa - North Sulawesi. The data was used based upon the catch and fishing trip monthly by purse seine in fish landing places at Belang over the periods 2009 to 2015. The analysis for fishing season using The Average Percentage Methods. The result showed that the skipjack tuna can be caught throughout the year. The fishing season for skipjack tuna occurred during March, April, June, August, September, and October while other months are not fishing season. Keywords: Skipjack tuna, purse seine, fishing season, The Average Percentage Methods.
PENGOPTIMALAN BIAYA DISTRIBUSI BERAS MISKIN DI PERUSAHAAN UMUM BADAN URUSAN LOGISTIK DIVISI REGIONAL SULAWESI UTARA DAN GORONTALO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENDEKATAN VOGEL
Authors: Pratama Raynaldi Yudha , Paendong Marline , Weku Winsy
Published: July 2019

PENGOPTIMALAN BIAYA DISTRIBUSI BERAS MISKIN DI PERUSAHAAN UMUM BADAN URUSAN LOGISTIK DIVISI REGIONAL SULAWESI UTARA DAN GORONTALO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENDEKATAN VOGELABSTRAK Raskin merupakan salah satu dari berbagai program pemerintah Indonesia yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan nasional melalui penyaluran beras bersubsidi bagi rumah tangga miskin. Dalam pelaksanaannya, raskin memiliki tim koordinasi yang terdiri dari beberapa lembaga negara di mana salah satunya Perusahaan Umum Badan Urusan Logistik (Perum Bulog).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan biaya distribusi beras miskin di Sulawesi Utara dari 5 gudang ke 15 tujuan selama tahun 2016 . Penelitian ini dilakukan di perusahaan Umum Badan Urusan Logistik Divisi Regional Sulawesi Utara dan Gorontalo. Adapun kegunaan dari penelitian ini untuk mengatur alokasi pendistribusian beras miskin perusahaan sehingga mendapat biaya yang optimal. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah menggunakan metode pendekatan vogel. Dari hasil penelitian dan perhitungan dengan program riset operasi diperoleh hasil bahwa perusahaan mengeluarkan biaya distribusi beras miskin selama tahun 2016 sebesar Rp.5.282.261.280.Kata Kunci:  Metode Pendekatan Vogel, Beras Miskin, Sulawesi Utara, Gorontalo. THE OPTIMIZATION OF BERAS MISKIN DISTRIBUTION COSTS IN THE PUBLIC LOGISTICS COMPANY, REGIONAL DIVISION OF NORTH SULAWESI AND GORONTALO USING VOGEL APPROXIMATION METHOD ABSTRACTBeras miskin is one of the Indonesia government programs that aim to increase the endurance of national food through subsidized rice for the poor. In the case of realization, Beras miskin has several state institutions that included to manage it, one of them is the public logistics company. This research aims to optimize the distribution costs of Beras miskin in North Sulawesi from 5 warehouses to 15 destinations during 2016. This research has been done at The Public Logistics company, Regional Division of North Sulawesi and Gorontalo. The purpose of this research is to manage the company’s to distribute Beras Miskin with optimal cost. The Method that used in this research is Vogel approximation Method. The results of this research is the company expel the distribution costs of Beras miskin during 2016 amounts Rp.5.282.261.280. Keywords:  Vogel Approximation Method, Beras Miskin, North Sulawesi, Gorontalo
UJI VIABILITAS DAN VIGOR BIJI SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.) SETELAH APLIKASI KALIUM NITRAT (KNO3)
Authors: Rori Hillary Firginia , Rampe Henny Lieke , Rumondor Marhaenus
Published: July 2019

UJI VIABILITAS DAN VIGOR BIJI SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.) SETELAH APLIKASI KALIUM NITRAT (KNO3)  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menentukan viabilitas dan vigor biji sirsak (Annona muricata L.) setelah aplikasi kalium nitrat (KNO3). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biologi Dasar Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi pada bulan Desember Tahun 2017 – Maret Tahun 2018. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan konsentrasi KNO3 dengan empat taraf perlakuan yaitu KNO3 0% (K0), KNO3 1%(K1), KNO3 2% (K2) dan KNO3 3% (K3). Parameter yang diamati adalah potensial berkecambah, keserampakan perkecambahan, indeks vigor dan koefisien vigor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi KNO3 berpengaruh nyata terhadap potensial berkecambah biji sirsak (Sig= 0,00) pada taraf uji 0,05. Hasil  pengamatan potensial berkecambah pada biji sirsak mencapai 100% pada 21 hari sesudah tanam (HST) dibandingkan kontrol yang berkecambah 100% pada 33 HST. Nilai keserampakan perkecambahan pada pengamatan hari ke 16, untuk perlakuan K2 dan K3 yaitu 6,65%. Pengamatan vigor biji sirsak diperoleh nilai indeks vigor yaitu 37,23 dan koefisien vigor yaitu 24.000. Pemberian KNO3 dapat meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor biji sirsak.Kata kunci: Biji Sirsak, Viabilitas, Vigor, KNO3 TEST OF VIABILITY AND VIGOR SOUROPS SEEDS (Annona muricata L.) AFTER BEING APPLICATION KALIUM NITRAT (KNO3)ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the viability and vigor of soursop seeds (Annona muricata L.) after application of potassium nitrate (KNO3). The research was conducted at Basic Biology Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Sam Ratulangi University in December 2017 - March 2018. The research used completely randomized design (RAL) with three replications. Treatment of KNO3 concentration with four treatment levels were KNO3 0% (K0), KNO3 1% (K1), KNO3 2% (K2) and KNO3 3% (K3). The observed parameters were germination potential, germination performance, vigor index and vigor coefficient. The result showed that KNO3 application had significant effect on viability of soursop seeds including germination potential (Sig = 0,00) at the test level 0,05. Germination effect on the 16th day of K2 and K3 treatment, ie 6.65%. Potential germination observations on soursop seeds reached 100% at 21 HST compared to 100% germination control at 33 HST. Vigor seeds obtained vigor index value is 37.23 and vigor coefficient is 24. Aplication KNO3 rising viability and vigor sourops seed.Keywoards : Soursop seed, Viabilitas, Vigor, KNO3
STANDING-STOCK BIOMASS AND DIVERSITY OF Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) IN SOLONG-ON, SIQUIJOR ISLAND, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Llamas J.C. Emmanuel G. , Bucol Lilibeth A. , Wagey Billy T
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAKSpesies Caulerpa yang tumbuh di perairan dangkal sampai dilaut dalam dianggap sebagai gangguan ekonomi dan penting. Meskipun invasif di daerah beriklim sedang, spesies Caulerpa terutama C. racemosa dan C. lentillifera (lato) dipanen dan dikonsumsi sebagai makanan, terutama di Filipina. Komunitas Caulerpa di Solong-on, Siquijor adalah salah satu sumber untuk ekspor ke kota tetangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan stok tegakan biomassa saat ini, prosentase dan keragaman Caulerpa di Solong-on, serta untuk menentukan parameter lingkungan yang dapat mempengaruhi kelimpahan dan keragamannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total delapan spesies Caulerpa diidentifikasi di komunitas Caulerpa dangkal di Solong-on, Siquijor. Biomasa yang memiliki stok tertinggi diperoleh oleh C. cupressoides dengan biomassa rata-rata 26,16 ± 2,44 (SE) g berat kering/m-2, sedangkan C. microphysa memiliki biomassa stok yang berdiri paling sedikit dengan rata-rata 9,16 ± 0,26 g berat kering/m-2. Secara umum, total biomassa stok berdiri untuk semua spesies yang diperoleh selama periode sampling adalah 132,57 ± 2,06 g berat kering/m-2. Indeks keragaman Shannon-Wiener (H ') berkisar dari 1,7-2 yang menunjukkan komunitas Caulerpa yang relatif beragam. Analisis korespondensi kanonik (CCA) mengungkapkan bahwa suhu dan jenis substrat adalah pendorong utama biomassa Caulerpa.Kata Kunci: biomassa, Caulerpa, tutupan, makroalga, parameter fisika-kimia ABSTRACTCaulerpa species growing on shallow to deep waters are considered to be both economically nuisance and important. Although invasive in the temperate regions, Caulerpa species mainly C. racemosa and C. lentillifera (lato) are harvested and consumed as food, especially in the Philippines. Caulerpa communities in Solong-on, Siquijor are one of the sources for export to neighbouring municipalities. This study aimed to determine the present standing stock biomass, percent cover and diversity of Caulerpa in Solong-on, as well as to determine the environmental parameters that may affect its abundance and diversity. The results showed a total of eight species of Caulerpa were identified in the shallow Caulerpa community in Solong-on, Siquijor. The highest standing stock biomass was obtained by C. cupressoides with mean biomass of 26.16±2.44 (SE) g dry wt m-2, whereas C. microphysa has the least standing stock biomass with an average mean of 9.16±0.26 g dry wt m-2. In general, the total standing stock biomass for all species obtained throughout the sampling period was 132.57±2.06 g dry wt m-2. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') ranged from 1.7-2 suggesting a relatively diverse Caulerpa community. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that temperature and type of substrate were the main drivers of Caulerpa biomass.Key Words: biomass, Caulerpa, cover, macroalgae, physic-chemical parameters
THE TRANSFORMATIVE POTENTIAL OF CREATIVE ART PRACTICES IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
Authors: Paek Kyong-Mi
Published: July 2019

A growing body of literature addressing the need for educational innovations has also stressed the value of interdisciplinary approaches that incorporate art into teaching and learning. This paper aims to extend educators’ understanding of art–science interactions by presenting an empirical study that explores a unique art residency program created on the campus of a university that specializes in science and technology. The study reviews the art practices of three contemporary artists who participated in a program developed in conjunction with an interdisciplinary research project seeking ways to build an ecologically sustainable community and operated by a renewable energy resource-based economic system. Data that include observations, artist talks, and in-person interviews were collected from multiple sources during the residency to understand the distinguished processes involved in the development of individual art projects. A follow-up cross-case analysis revealed a few notable characteristics: connecting art with life through waste recycling, process-oriented practices highlighting resource circulation, and creating value using bricolage strategies. Regarding educational implications, discussions centered upon the potential transformational space identified from the creative art practices in the context of interdisciplinary research.
Revealing the Stellar Mass and Dust Distributions of Submillimeter Galaxies at Redshift 2
Authors: Lang Philipp , Schinnerer E. , Smail Ian , Dudzevičiūtė U. , Swinbank A. M. , Liu Daizhong , Leslie S. K. , Almaini O. , An Fang Xia , Bertoldi F. , Blain A. W. , Chapman S. C. , Chen Chian-Chou , Conselice C. , Cooke E. A. , Coppin K. E. K. , Dunlop J. S. , Farrah D. , Fudamoto Y. , Geach J. E. , Gullberg B. , Harrington K. C. , Hodge J. A. , Ivison R. J. , Jiménez-Andrade E. F. , Magnelli B. , Michałowski M. J. , Oesch P. , Scott D. , Simpson J. M. , Smolčić V. , Stach S. M. , Thomson A. P. , Toft S. , Vardoulaki E. , Wardlow J. L. , Weiss A. , Werf P. van der
Published: July 2019

We combine high-resolution ALMA and HST/CANDELS observations of 20 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), predominantly from the AS2UDS survey at z ≃ 2, with bright rest-frame optical counterparts (

) to investigate the resolved structural properties of their dust and stellar components. We derive two-dimensional stellar-mass distributions that are inferred from spatial mass-to-light ratio (

) corrections based on rest-frame optical colors. Due to the high central column densities of dust in our SMGs, our mass distributions likely represent a lower limit to the true central mass density. The centroid positions between the inferred stellar-mass and the dust distributions agree within 1.1 kpc, indicating an overall good spatial agreement between the two components. The majority of our sources exhibit compact dust configurations relative to the stellar component (with a median ratio of effective radii

 = 0.6). This ratio does not change with specific star formation rate over the factor of 30 spanned by our targets, sampling the locus of “normal” main-sequence galaxies up to the starburst regime,

. Unlike typical spiral galaxies in the local universe, our results imply that massive SMGs are experiencing centrally enhanced star formation. The sizes and stellar densities of our SMGs are in agreement with those of the passive population at z = 1.5, which is consistent with these systems being the descendants of z ≃ 2 SMGs.
On the Efficiency of the Linear-mode Conversion for Generation of Solar Type III Radio Bursts
Authors: Krasnoselskikh Vladimir , Voshchepynets Andrii , Maksimovic Milan
Published: July 2019

Type III solar radio bursts are generated by streams of energetic electrons accelerated at the Sun during periods of solar activity. The generation occurs in two steps. Initially, electron beams generate electrostatic Langmuir waves and then these waves are transformed into electromagnetic emissions. Recent studies showed that the level of density fluctuations in the solar wind and in the solar corona is so high that it may significantly affect beam–plasma interaction. Here, we show that the presence of intense density fluctuations not only crucially influences the process of beam–plasma interaction, but also changes the mechanism of energy transfer from electrostatic waves into electromagnetic. Reflection of the Langmuir waves from the density inhomogeneities may result in partial transformation of the energy of electrostatic waves into electromagnetic around plasma frequency. We show that the linear wave energy transformation for the level of fluctuations of the order of 1% or higher is efficient enough to produce radio bursts with a brightness temperature of 1014–1015 K.
Asymmetric Dark Matter Imprint on Low-mass Main-sequence Stars in the Milky Way Nuclear Star Cluster
Authors: Lopes José , Lopes Ilídio
Published: July 2019

In this work, we study the impact of asymmetric dark matter (ADM) on low-mass main-sequence stars in the Milky Way’s nuclear star cluster, where the dark matter (DM) density is expected to be orders of magnitude above what is found near the Sun (

). Using a modified stellar evolution code and considering a DM particle (m

χ
 = 4 GeV) with a spin-dependent interaction cross section close to the limits allowed by direct detection, we found that the interactions of ADM with baryons in the star’s core can have two separate effects on the evolution of these stars: a decrease in the hydrogen burning rate, extending the duration of the main-sequence of stars with M ∼ 1M
⊙ by a few Gyr; the suppression of the onset of convection in the core of stars with M ≲ 1.5M
⊙ and consequent quench of supply for the nuclear reactions. If we consider ρ
DM > 103 GeV cm−3 (corresponding to the inner 5 pc of the Milky Way), stars lighter than the Sun will have a main-sequence life span comparable to the current age of the universe. Stars heavier than two solar masses are not sensitive to the DM particles considered here.
A Temporary Epoch of Stalled Spin-down for Low-mass Stars: Insights from NGC 6811 with Gaia and Kepler
Authors: Curtis Jason Lee , Agüeros Marcel A. , Douglas Stephanie T. , Meibom Søren
Published: July 2019

Stellar rotation was proposed as a potential age diagnostic that is precise, simple, and applicable to a broad range of low-mass stars (

1

). Unfortunately, rotation period (

) measurements of low-mass members of open clusters have undermined the idea that stars spin down with a common age dependence (i.e.,

): K dwarfs appear to spin down more slowly than F and G dwarfs. Agüeros et al. interpreted data for the ≈1.4 Gyr-old cluster NGC 752 differently, proposing that after having converged onto a slow-rotating sequence in their first 600–700 Myr (by the age of Praesepe), K dwarf

stall on that sequence for an extended period of time. We use data from Gaia DR2 to identify likely single-star members of the ≈1 Gyr-old cluster NGC 6811 with Kepler light curves. We measure

for 171 members, more than doubling the sample relative to the existing catalog and extending the mass limit from

to ≈0.6

. We then apply a gyrochronology formula calibrated with Praesepe and the Sun to 27 single G dwarfs in NGC 6811 to derive a precise gyrochronological age for the cluster of 1.04 ± 0.07 Gyr. However, when our new low-mass rotators are included, NGC 6811's color–

sequence deviates away from the naive 1 Gyr projection down to

K (K5V, 0.7

), where it clearly overlaps with Praesepe’s. Combining these data with

for other clusters, we conclude that the assumption that mass and age are separable dependencies is invalid. Furthermore, the cluster data show definitively that stars experience a temporary epoch of reduced braking efficiency where

stall, and that the duration of this epoch lasts longer for lower-mass stars.
Polarized Line Formation in Spherically Symmetric Atmospheres with Velocity Fields
Authors: Megha A. , Sampoorna M. , Nagendra K. N. , Anusha L. S. , Sankarasubramanian K.
Published: July 2019

The plane–parallel approximation of the stellar atmospheres cannot be applied to model the formation of optically thick lines formed in extended atmospheres. To a good approximation these atmospheres can be represented by a spherically symmetric medium. Such extended stellar atmospheres are dynamic, in general, due to the systematic motions present in their layers. Macroscopic velocity fields in the spectral line forming regions produce Doppler shift, aberration of photons, and also give rise to advection. All of these effects can modify the amplitudes and shapes of the emergent Stokes profiles. In the present paper we consider the problem of polarized line formation in spherically symmetric media, in the presence of velocity fields. Solving the radiative transfer problem in the observer’s frame is a straightforward approach to handle the presence of velocity fields. This method, however, becomes computationally prohibitive when large velocity fields are considered, particularly in the case of the line formation with partial frequency redistribution (PFR). In this paper we present a polarized comoving frame method to solve the problem at hand. We consider nonrelativistic radial velocity fields, thereby accounting only for Doppler shift effects and neglecting advection and aberration of photons. We study the effects of extendedness, velocity fields, and PFR on the polarized line profiles formed in highly extended atmospheres.
New Constraints on Early-type Galaxy Assembly from Spectroscopic Metallicities of Globular Clusters in M87
Authors: Villaume Alexa , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Brodie Jean , Strader Jay
Published: July 2019

The observed characteristics of globular cluster (GC) systems, such as metallicity distributions, are commonly used to place constraints on galaxy formation models. However, obtaining reliable metallicity values is particularly difficult because of our limited means to obtain high quality spectroscopy of extragalactic GCs. Often, “color–metallicity relations” are invoked to convert easier-to-obtain photometric measurements into metallicities, but there is no consensus on what form these relations should take. In this paper we make use of multiple photometric data sets and iron metallicity values derived from applying full-spectrum stellar population synthesis models to deep Keck/LRIS spectra of 177 GCs centrally located around M87 to obtain a new color–metallicity relation. Our new relation differs substantially from previous relations in the blue, and we present evidence that the M87 relation differs from that of the Milky Way GCs, suggesting environmental dependence of GC properties. We use our color–metallicity relation to derive a new GC metallicity-host galaxy luminosity relation for red and blue GCs and find a shallower relation for the blue GCs than what previous work has found and that the metal-poor GCs are more enriched than what was previously found. This could indicate that the progenitor satellite galaxies that now make up the stellar halos of early-type galaxies are more massive and formed later than previously thought, or that the properties of metal-poor GCs are less dependent on their present-day host, indicating a common origin.
Electron Energy Partition across Interplanetary Shocks. I.
Methodology and Data Product
Authors: Wilson III Lynn B. , Chen Li-Jen , Wang Shan , Schwartz Steven J. , Turner Drew L. , Stevens Michael L. , Kasper Justin C. , Osmane Adnane , Caprioli Damiano , Bale Stuart D. , Pulupa Marc P. , Salem Chadi S. , Goodrich Katherine A.
Published: July 2019

Analyses of 15,314 electron velocity distribution functions (VDFs) within ±2 hr
of 52 interplanetary (IP) shocks observed by the Wind
spacecraft near 1 au are introduced. The electron VDFs are fit to the sum of
three model functions for the cold dense core, hot tenuous halo, and
field-aligned beam/strahl component. The best results were found by modeling the
core as either a bi-kappa or a symmetric (or asymmetric) bi-self-similar VDF,
while both the halo and beam/strahl components were best fit to bi-kappa VDF.
This is the first statistical study to show that the core electron distribution
is better fit to a self-similar VDF than a bi-Maxwellian under all conditions.
The self-similar distribution deviation from a Maxwellian is a measure of
inelasticity in particle scattering from waves and/or turbulence. The ranges of
values defined by the lower and upper quartiles for the kappa exponents are
κ

ec
 ∼ 5.40–10.2 for the core,
κ

eh
 ∼ 3.58–5.34 for the halo,
and κ

eb
 ∼ 3.40–5.16 for the
beam/strahl. The lower-to-upper quartile range of symmetric bi-self-similar core
exponents is s

ec
 ∼ 2.00–2.04, and
those of asymmetric bi-self-similar core exponents are
p

ec
 ∼ 2.20–4.00 for the
parallel exponent and
q

ec
 ∼ 2.00–2.46 for the
perpendicular exponent. The nuanced details of the fit procedure and description
of resulting data product are also presented. The statistics and detailed
analysis of the results are presented in Paper II and Paper III of this
three-part study.
SETTING THE CATEGORICAL HYDRA ABLAZE
Authors: Žilinčík Samuel
Published: July 2019

This research aims to expose the fallacious thinking which enables some of the categories of war to proliferate despite their questionable analytical usefulness. For this purpose, the author uses the method of theoretical analysis. These are the confusion about the nature of war and peace, the emphasis on novelty, and the attempts to capture war as a static phenomenon. The fallacies identified are the prevalence of legalistic lenses over strategic lenses, the false equivalence between military and non-military instruments, the ignorance of the empirical evidence, the ignorance of the dynamic nature of war and the neglect of the adversary as a crucial component of war.