bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eight steps toward recovery-oriented psychiatry education
Authors: Oh Hans , Noordsy Douglas , Roberts Glenn
Published: September 2013

Purpose

– To galvanize practical discussion about how to modify psychiatry residency programs to instill the recovery paradigm into students who will become psychiatrists.

Design/methodology/approach

– A review of relevant literature is undertaken.

Findings

– Eight suggestions are offered to help residency programs initiate conversations about recovery.

Originality/value

– There has been little, if any, discussion about how psychiatry residency programs must change in terms of curriculum and pedagogy.
Cognitive contributors to resilience in youth from underserved populations: A brief report
Authors: Avci Gunes , Hanten Gerri , Schmidt Adam , Li Xiaoqi , Orsten Kimberley , Faber Jessica , Post Marina , R. Newsome Mary
Published: September 2013

Purpose

– The study is a preliminary attempt to identify cognitive factors (e.g., executive functions and intelligence) promoting resilience in youth in an underprivileged population. Sample consisted of 26 adolescents (seven female, 19 male) between the ages of 13 and 19 years (M=16.62, SD=1.53) from an underserved population who live in circumstances of poverty and family dysfunction and who had experienced multiple traumas.

Design/methodology/approach

– Resilience was measured with the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM)-28. Intelligence, working memory, and information processing speed were the cognitive factors of interest. Socioeconomic status was the environmental factor in interest.

Findings

– The protective factors (i.e. individual skills, relationship with caregivers and contextual factors) promoting resilience were correlated with cognitive factors. Further analyses yielded gender differences in these relations.

Originality/value

– Long-held beliefs that intelligence is positively associated with resilience are brought into question by these findings. The relationship between these concepts seems to differ in accordance with socioeconomic status.
The Triangle of Care: carers included
Authors: Hannan Ruth
Published: September 2013

Purpose –

The purpose of this paper is to describe the Triangle of Care, a project designed to provide a guide to professionals on how to better include and support carers in mental health services.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper presents a case study of the Triangle of Care.

Findings

– The Triangle of Care provides an opportunity for services to address their obligations to carers and service users alike whilst improving their own skills and knowledge.

Originality/value

– The paper offers insights into the project and provides a link for further information.
An analysis of library customer loyalty
Authors: Gede Mahatma Yuda Bakti I , Sumaedi Sik
Published: September 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between library customer loyalty and other latent constructs, namely service quality and customer satisfaction in a university library service in Indonesia. More specifically, the research aims to examine whether service quality affects customer loyalty directly and indirectly through customer satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors surveyed the users of a university library in Indonesia by using a structured questionnaire. In total, 100 of the library users participated on the survey. Structural equation modeling technique was performed to analyze the empirical data.

Findings

The research reveals that service quality has a direct effect on customer satisfaction, which then directly influences library customer loyalty. However, service quality does not have significant direct effect on customer loyalty in a library service.

Research limitations/implications

The data collection using convenience sampling method causes the limitation of the research results in representing across all library users in the university library where the research was conducted. This study can be replicated with a larger sample size in order to examine the stability of the results in other contexts. In addition, future research can be carried out by involving other variables that may affect customer loyalty, i.e. perceived value, image, trust, and involvement.

Practical implications

The library customer loyalty is not guaranteed if library management only improves the quality of the library services. Furthermore, to achieve library customer loyalty, library management has to assure the library customer satisfaction. Thus, since many factors can influence library customer satisfaction, library management should improve not only library service quality, but also other aspects that influence library customer satisfaction, such as perceived price, situational factor, and personal factor.

Originality/value

Only a few empirical studies on customer loyalty were found in library service. More specifically, there is a lack of empirical studies that investigated the relationship between library customer loyalty, service quality, and customer satisfaction. This paper has addressed this gap in the literature.
Brain drain in African academic libraries: a survey
Authors: Ibraheem Abiodun I. , Devine Christopher
Published: September 2013

Purpose

This study was intended to identify and assess the extent and impact of the emigration of professional librarians on every university library in Anglophone Africa as well as the attitudes of library administrators toward national and international programs that have been or might be designed to make use of the skills of librarians in the African diaspora.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was conducted by use of an online survey that was sent to 121 African academic libraries.

Findings

The study conclusively demonstrated that African academic libraries have been impacted – both positively and negatively – by the effects of the “brain drain”. It also revealed that the administrators of these libraries are highly receptive to the possibility of working with African emigrant librarians in various forms (i.e. permanent, temporary, virtual) of structured “return programs”.

Research limitations/implications

The survey's relatively low response rate precluded precise determination as to the degree to which the brain drain has penetrated African academic libraries. Additional study will be necessary to clarify the range of its impact and any differences between regions that might exist.

Practical implications

The study's findings strongly suggest that academic libraries in English‐speaking Africa offer a promising environment for return programs designed to ameliorate the effects of the brain drain.

Originality/value

This paper is an original study that fills a gap in the literature of African library administration. It is of value to practicing librarians and researchers as well as individuals involved with international development projects.
Police officer perceptions of occupational stress: the state of the art
Authors: Webster Jennifer H.
Published: September 2013

Purpose

The current study takes stock of the research on perceived stress among police officers by quantitatively synthesizing the available empirical literature on the subject.

Design/methodology/approach

In all, 103 studies from both published and unpublished sources are meta‐analyzed, producing 338 individual effect size estimates.

Findings

Analysis of predictor domains reveals that most make equally modest contributions to the complex process of stress and coping.

Research limitations/implications

Inconsistency in selection and measurement across studies precludes meaningful comparison and analysis of individual correlates of perceived stress, emphasizing the need for more standardization in the research. Particular attention to theoretically driven selection of variables, reliability of measurement instruments, and a higher degree of rigor in methodological quality, generally, will allow for more confidence in the body of empirical work.

Originality/value

This study is the first attempt to systematically synthesize over 40 years of empirical research in the area of perceived stress among police officers. The systematic documentation of gaps and inconsistencies in the literature provide direction for future research in this popular field of study.
Workplace stressors for investigative interviewers of child‐abuse victims
Authors: Powell Martine B. , Guadagno Belinda L. , Cassematis Peter
Published: September 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify the nature and prevalence of workplace stressors faced by interviewers of child sexual assault victims.

Design/methodology/approach

Totally, 68 professionals (police and child protection workers) were invited to anonymously post their perceptions of workplace stressors on an internet forum as part of an investigative interviewing online training course. Specifically, participants were asked to reflect on salient sources of stress encountered in their role of interviewing sexually abused children.

Findings

Three key stressors were identified across the study's professional groups: inadequate recognition of specialised skills; high‐workload demands; and interagency tensions. Consistent with previous research, exposure to child‐abuse reports was not raised as a stressor.

Research limitations/implications

The study generated suggestions for modifying management practices; however, future research should identify and trial strategies for improving workplace climate in child‐abuse investigation.

Practical implications

As the stressors isolated by participants related to workplace climate rather than exposure to victims’ accounts of child abuse, minimising negative consequences of work stressors requires changes to workplace culture and practice. Workplace climates need to be modified so that the demands are offset by resources.

Originality/value

Because of its online, anonymous nature, this was the first study to offer participants the opportunity to honestly disclose primary sources of stress in child‐abuse investigation. The research also makes a much‐needed contribution to an area of police practice that is vital yet often overlooked.
Trends in the literature on library instruction and information literacy, 2001‐2010
Authors: Sproles Claudene , Detmering Robert , Johnson Anna Marie
Published: September 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the literature on information literacy and library instruction from 2001‐2010 published in the annual, comprehensive topical bibliography published in Reference Services Review.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors examined 3,527 articles contained in the annual bibliography from 2001‐2010 and identified 2,052 which appeared in peer‐reviewed journals. Using the 2,052 articles identified as peer reviewed, the authors then determined the location of the primary author, the journal that published the article, whether the journal was from the discipline of library science, what type of research the article contained, and the key themes present.

Findings

The number of articles in peer‐reviewed journals has grown substantially over the ten‐year period. Most articles (70 percent) were published by authors residing in the USA, but articles from Asia and Africa are now being seen on a more consistent basis. Reference Services Review has published the most articles on this topic during the period, but information literacy has also branched out into other non‐library‐specific disciplines. Empirical or theoretical research articles make up less than 50 percent of the total articles published, while case‐study type descriptions of programmatic or teaching initiatives continue to be the most published article type. Key themes continue to be collaboration, assessment, and the application of technology to instruction efforts.

Research limitations/implications

The findings are limited to peer‐reviewed articles published in English‐language journals.

Originality/value

While other articles have examined aspects of the body of information literacy literature, this study encompasses a more comprehensive and thorough data set.
Factors affecting effective strategy implementation for attainment of Millennium Development Goal 5 by international reproductive health non-governmental organizations in Kenya
Authors: Philip Omondi Maxwell , Ombui Kepha , Mungatu Joseph
Published: September 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of the study was to find out the determinants of strategy implementation by the international reproductive health (RH) non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Kenya for attainment of MDG 5 by 2015. The objectives of the study were to analyse the effects of the determinants of strategy implementation for attainment of the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 by international RH NGOs operating in Kenya. This study was guided by three specific objectives: to analyse the effect of policy regulations on strategy implementation by international RH NGOs in attainment of MDG 5; to determine the effect of management competencies on strategy implementation by international RH NGOs in attainment of MDG 5 and to explore the effect of resource allocation on strategy implementation by international RH NGOs in attainment of MDG 5 by 2015 in Kenya.

Design/methodology/approach

– A cross-sectional descriptive study design was carried out from January to March 2012 in Nairobi, Kenya. The study populations comprised of programme staff and RH technical advisors for the international RH NGOs operating in Kenya and headquartered in Nairobi. The sampling design was a census method since all the ten international RH NGOs based in Nairobi were selected. Qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection were used using both closed and open-ended questionnaires. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 20 for both descriptive and inferential analysis. Qualitative data were analysed descriptively. Measures of location and variability were used for analysis and hypothesis tested using Fisher
'
s Exact test and regression analysis.

Findings

– The research findings showed that policy regulations, management competencies and the resource allocations determine successful implementation of the strategic plans. Inadequate resource allocations have a direct bearing on the implementation of the RH programmes which invariably affects the attainment of the MDG 5 by 2015. The study did not accept the null hypotheses and therefore showed that there is relationship between policy regulations, management competencies and resource allocations and the implementation of strategic management plans by international RH NGOs operating in Kenya.

Originality/value

– Although numerous studies acknowledge that strategies frequently fail not because of inadequate strategy formulation, but because of insufficient implementation, strategy implementation has received less research attention than strategy formulation. This paper addresses this gap.
Effectiveness of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)
Authors: Hagos Baraki Atakilt , van Kemenade Everard
Published: September 2013

Purpose

– This paper provides an overview on the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) program components/mechanisms and their overall effect on learning outcomes in a developing country context.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using secondary data, this descriptive case study integrates the realistic evaluation framework of Pawson and Tilley (1997) with Total Quality Management (TQM) frameworks.

Findings

– Ethiopia
'
s TVET system adopts/adapts international best practices. Following the implementation of the 2008 TVET strategy, the proportion of formal TVET graduates who were recognized as competent by the assessment and certification system increased from 17.42 percent in 2009/2010 to 40.23 percent in 2011/2012. Nevertheless, there is regional variation.

Research limitations/implications

– Outcome-based TVET reforms that are based on TQM frameworks could improve learning outcome achievements in developing countries by enhancing awareness, coordination, integration, flexibility, participation, empowerment, accountability and a quality culture. Nevertheless, this research is limited by lack of longitudinal data on competency test results. There is also a need for further investigation into the practice of TQM and the sources of differences in internal effectiveness across TVET institutions.

Practical implications

– Our description of the Ethiopian reform experience, which is based on international best experience, could better inform policy makers and practitioners in TVET elsewhere in Africa.

Originality/value

– A realistic evaluation of TVET programs, the articulation of the mechanisms, especially based on TQM, that affect TVET effectiveness would add some insight into the literature. The evidence we have provided from the Ethiopian case is also fresh.
Ecologically sustainable fertility management for the maintenance of species‐rich hay meadows: a 12‐year fertilizer and lime experiment
Authors: Kirkham Francis W. , Tallowin Jerry R. B. , Dunn Robert M. , Bhogal Anne , Chambers Brian J. , Bardgett Richard D.
Published: September 2013

Increased use of artificial fertilizers has caused widespread loss of species‐rich grasslands throughout Britain and mainland Europe. Species‐rich meadows are traditionally managed by hay cutting, use of farmyard manure (FYM) and occasional liming, but sustainable fertility management to maintain their botanical diversity is ill defined.

This study measured vegetation responses to fertilizers and lime applied over 12 years to species‐rich upland and lowland mesotrophic hay meadows in the UK. Treatments consisted of three rates of FYM applied annually or triennially, inorganic fertilizers giving equivalent amounts of N, P and K to two of the annual and two of the triennial FYM treatments, and lime applied either alone or with annual or triennial FYM.

Farmyard manure at 24 tonnes ha−1 year−1 reduced total species richness and the richness of positive indicator species at both meadows and increased aggregate cover of negative indicator species. Lower rates of FYM application were also detrimental at the lowland meadow, but not at the upland one. Inorganic fertilizers were no more damaging to plant species richness than equivalent FYM treatments.

At the upland meadow, vegetation quality was maintained by continuing past FYM inputs (12 t ha−1 year−1), but improved at lower rates. At the lowland meadow, which has no recent history of fertilizer use, rates equivalent to only ≤4 tonnes FYM ha−1 year−1 were sustainable. Evidence was slight of vegetation adapting to increased inputs at either meadow. Between‐meadow differences in vulnerability to treatments apparently reflected differences in site‐specific factors, particularly past management, rather than differences in plant community type.

Synthesis and applications. Relatively modest fertility inputs can reduce the ecological value of meadows with no recent history of such inputs, whereas moderate inputs of fertilizer and lime will be ecologically sustainable in meadows adapted to a long history of application. Decisions on sustainable levels of fertilizer use to maintain or enhance botanical diversity of grassland should be based on knowledge of soil physical and chemical status and past fertility management. Inorganic fertilizers are no more damaging than farmyard manure when applied at equivalent amounts of N, P and K.
Are Local and Organic Claims Complements or Substitutes? A Consumer Preferences Study for Eggs
Authors: Gracia Azucena , Barreiro‐Hurlé Jesús , Galán Belinda López‐
Published: September 2013

This paper provides an analysis of consumer preferences for product claims, specifically about origin and production methods. In particular, it addresses two important questions: i) whether consumers are willing to pay a premium for food products carrying these claims; and ii) whether local and organic claims are complements or substitutes. A choice experiment designed to estimate two‐way interactions was undertaken in Spain for eggs. The findings show first, that consumers are willing to pay a positive premium price for an enhanced method of production (that of barn, free‐range and/or organic instead of cage produced eggs) as well as for the proximity of production (local, regional and national over imported). Second, the findings show that consumer preferences for the claims are heterogeneous with two consumer segments being identified: “origin preference”, the larger segment, and the “production method preference”. Results show that organic and local claims were complements for the larger first segment but that free‐range and local/regional claims were substitutes for the second smaller segment. These results provide the marketing chains with insights applicable for pricing strategies.
Multistage Deformation in the Northeastern Segment of the Jiangshao Fault (Suture) Belt: Constraints for the Relationship between the Yangtze Plate and the Cathaysia Old Land
Authors: Jin ZHANG , Jinyi LI , Wenxia XIAO , Qianwen FENG , Zongjin MA
Published: September 2013

Multistage deformation events have occurred in the northeastern Jiangshao Fault (Suture) Belt. The earliest two are ductile deformation events. The first is the ca. 820 Ma top‐to‐the‐northwest ductile thrusting, which directly resulted from the collision between the Cathaysia Old Land and the Chencai Arc (?) during the Late Neoproterozoic, and the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt that formed as the ocean closed between the Yangtze Plate and the jointed Cathaysia Old Land and the Chencai Arc due to continuous compression. The second is the ductile left‐lateral strike‐slipping that occurred in the latest Early Paleozoic. Since the Jinning period, all deformation events represent the reactivation or inversion of intraplate structures due to the collisions between the North China and Yangtze plates during the Triassic and between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates during the Cenozoic. In the Triassic, brittle right‐lateral strike‐slipping and subsequent top‐to‐the south thrusting occurred along the whole northeastern Jiangshao Fault Zone because of the collision between the North China and Yangtze plates. In the Late Mesozoic, regional extension took place across southeastern China. In the Cenozoic, the collision between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates resulted in brittle thrusts along the whole Jiangnan Old land in the Miocene. The Jiangshao Fault Belt is a weak zone in the crust with long history, and its reactivation is one of important characteristics of the deformation in South China; however, late‐stage deformation events did not occur beyond the Jiangnan Old Land and most of them are parallel to the strike of the Old Land, which is similar to the Cenozoic deformation in Central Asia. In addition, the Jiangnan old Land is not a collisional boundary between the Yangtze Plate and Cathaysia Old Land in the Triassic.
Origin and Source of Deep Natural Gas in Nanpu sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Guangyou ZHU , Zhengjun WANG , Yongjun WANG , Jie ZHAO , Yuexia DONG , Kai WANG , Yongchang LIU , Jianwei WANG
Published: September 2013

Natural gas exploration in Nanpu sag, Bohai Bay Basin, has achieved breakthroughs in recent years, and a number of natural gas and condensate wells with high yield have been found in several structures in the beach area. Daily gas production of single wells is up to 170,000 m3, and high‐yield wells are mainly distributed in the Nanpu No. 1 structural belt. Studies have shown that these natural gases are mainly hydrocarbon gases, with methane content about 80% to 90% and ethane 6%–9%, so they are mainly wet gas; and non‐hydrocarbons are at a low level. Carbon isotopes of methane range from −42‰ to −36‰, and ethane from −28‰ to −26‰. Calculated maturity based on the relationship between δ13C and R0 of natural gas, the gases are equivalent to those generated from organic matter when R0 is 1.0%–1.7% (mainly 1.25%–1.32%). The natural gas is oil‐type gas generated from the source rocks at mature to high mature stage, associated with condensate, so carbon isotopes of the gases are heavier. Natural gas in the Nanpu No.1 structural belt is mainly associated gas with condensate. The analysis of the origin and source of natural gas and condensate, combined with the monomer hydrocarbon carbon isotopes and biomarker, indicated that the main source rocks in the Nanpu No.1 structural belt were Es3 (the lower member of the Shahejie Formation), followed by Es1 (the upper member of the Shahejie Formation). The high‐mature hydrocarbons from source rocks in the deep sag mainly migrated through deep inherited faults into shallow traps and accumulated to form oil and gas pools. Therefore, there is a great potential for exploring gas in deep layers.
Impact of the 2009 Taiwan Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act on Smoking Cessation
Authors: Chang Fong‐Ching , Sung Hai‐Yen , Zhu Shu‐Hong , Chiou Shu‐Ti
Published: September 2013

Aims

In January 2009, the government of Taiwan amended the 1997 Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act by extending smoke‐free areas to include almost all enclosed work‐places and public places, adding graphic health warnings to cigarette packages, totally banning tobacco advertisements, promotion and sponsorship and increasing tobacco taxes. This study examined the impact of the 2009 amended Act on smoking cessation in Taiwan.

Design

Taiwan Adult Tobacco Surveys 2007 and 2010, each with a nationally representative sample of adults aged 18 years and older (n = 16 588, and n = 16 295, respectively).

Participants

All recent active smokers (current smokers plus former smokers who quit smoking within the past 12 months) were used for the analyses (n = 3783 in 2007, and n = 2777 in 2010).

Measurements

Quit attempt rate and annual cessation rate (defined as having succeeded in quitting for at least 3 months) among recent active smokers were compared between the pre‐Act (2007) and post‐Act (2010) periods.

Findings

The quit attempt rate increased significantly from 39.4% in 2007 to 42.9% in 2010. The annual cessation rate increased significantly from 7.1 to 8.9%. A multivariate analysis, controlling for demographic characteristics, showed that the implementation of the 2009 Act was associated with an increase in the quit attempt rate [odds ratio (OR) = 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–1.25] and the annual cessation rate (OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.08–1.53).

Conclusions

The comprehensive tobacco control programme introduced in 2009 in Taiwan, which combined smoke‐free legislation with a tobacco tax increase, graphic health warning labels and a total ban on tobacco advertisements, was associated with increases in quit attempt rate and annual cessation rate.
A closer look at the evidence for sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on gambling in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent health: from disordered to ordered gambling
Authors: Slutske Wendy S. , Richmond‐Rakerd Leah S.
Published: September 2013

Background and aims

To reconcile an inconsistency in the disordered gambling literature by revisiting a previous study that claimed to find evidence for large gender differences in the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences.

Design

Univariate structural equation twin models were fitted to decompose the variation in gambling behavior into additive genetic, shared environmental and unique environmental influences.

Setting

United States.

Participants

Participants were 1196 same‐sex and unlike‐sex twins (18–28 years of age, 49% male, 51% female) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health).

Measurements

Eight questions about normative and problematic gambling involvement were assessed by in‐person interview. Although disordered gambling symptoms were assessed, the number of individuals who were administered these questions precluded twin analysis, including analysis of potential gender differences. Of the eight questions, only three were deemed usable for twin analysis—these were all questions about normative gambling involvement.

Findings

Individual differences in (non‐disordered) gambling involvement were explained completely by family [C = 38% (30–46%)] and unique environmental factors [E = 62% (54–70%)]. There was no evidence for genetic factors (A = 0), nor was there evidence for sex differences (Δχ2 = 1.23, d.f. = 2, P = 0.54).

Conclusions

There appears to be no evidence for gender differences in the genetic contributions to disordered gambling. Family environment appears to play a significant role in explaining individual differences in (non‐disordered) gambling involvement among emerging adults.
Non‐medical use of prescription opioids during the transition to adulthood: a multi‐cohort national longitudinal study
Authors: McCabe Sean Esteban , Schulenberg John E. , O'Malley Patrick M. , Patrick Megan E. , Kloska Deborah D.
Published: September 2013

Aims

To examine non‐medical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) patterns during the transition from adolescence to adulthood, and assess individual characteristics and other substance use behaviors associated with longitudinal patterns of NMUPO.

Design

Nationally representative samples of high school seniors in the United States (wave 1: modal age 18 years) were followed longitudinally across three biennial follow‐up waves (waves 2, 3 and 4: modal ages 19/20, 21/22 and 23/24 years).

Setting

Data were collected via self‐administered questionnaires to high school seniors and young adults.

Participants

The longitudinal sample consisted of 27 268 individuals in 30 cohorts (high school senior years 1976–2005) who participated in all four waves.

Measurements

Self‐reports of NMUPO and other substance use behaviors.

Findings

Approximately 11.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.2%, 12.0%] of the sample reported past‐year NMUPO in at least one of the four waves. Among those who reported past‐year NMUPO in at least one wave, 69.0% (67.6%, 70.4%), 20.5% (19.3%, 21.7%), 7.8% (7.1%, 8.6%) and 2.7% (2.3%, 3.1%) reported NMUPO at one, two, three and four waves, respectively. Several wave 1 variables were associated with greater odds of multiple waves of NMUPO and individuals who reported more waves of NMUPO had greater odds of other substance use behaviors.

Conclusions

Although most non‐medical use of prescription opioids among 18‐year‐olds in the United States appears to be non‐continuing, approximately one‐third of the sample reporting non‐medical use of prescription opioids appear to continue use beyond age 18 and have elevated odds of other substance use behaviors at ages 23/24.
What do we learn from repeated population analyses?
Authors: Duffull Stephen B. , Wright Daniel F. B.
Published: September 2013

Population analyses are performed on new and existing drugs. They play an important role in quantifying the time course of drug effects and provide a means of understanding the impact of variability between individuals on dosing requirements. For some drugs there have been several population analyses reported in the literature. It is important to understand how repeated population analyses can value add and what authors and readers can consider when reviewing such analyses. The purpose of this review is to explore what is learnt from repeated population analyses and provide an understanding of how the value‐added nature of these analyses can be considered.
Deliberate Drug Poisoning with Slight Symptoms on Admission: Are there Predictive Factors for Intensive Care Unit Referral? A three‐year Retrospective Study
Authors: Maignan Maxime , Pommier Philippe , Clot Sandrine , Saviuc Philippe , Debaty Guillaume , Briot Raphaël , Carpentier Françoise , Danel Vincent
Published: September 2013

Deliberate drug poisoning leads to 1% of emergency department (ED) admissions. Even if most patients do not exhibit any significant complication, 5% need to be referred to an intensive care unit (ICU). Emergency physicians should distinguish between low‐ and high‐acuity poisoned patients at an early stage to avoid excess morbidity. Our aim was to identify ICU transfer factors in deliberately self‐poisoned patients without life‐threatening symptoms on admission. We performed a 3‐year retrospective observational study in a university hospital. Patients over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of deliberate drug poisoning were included. Clinical and toxicological data were analysed with univariate tests between groups (ED stay versus ICU transfer). Factors associated with ICU admission were then included in a logistic regression analysis. Two thousand five hundred and sixty‐five patients were included. 63.2% were women, and median age was 40 (28–49). 142 patients (5.5%) were transferred to ICU. Cardiac drugs [adjusted OR (aOR) = 19.81; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 7.93–49.50], neuroleptics (aOR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.55–4.97) and meprobamate (aOR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.27–5.81) ingestions were significantly linked to ICU admission. A presumed toxic dose ingestion (aOR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.28–4.02), number of ingested tablets (aOR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1.01–1.02 for each tablet) and delay between ingestion and ED arrival <2 hr (aOR = 2.85; 95%CI: 1.62–5.03) were also factors for ICU referral. The Glasgow Coma Scale was the only clinical feature associated with ICU admission (aOR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.44–1.70 for each point loss). These results suggest that emergency physicians should pay particular attention to toxicological data on ED admission to distinguish between low‐ and high‐acuity self‐poisoned patients.
Seismic‐stratigraphic record of a deglaciation sequence: from the marine Laflamme Gulf to Lake Saint‐Jean (late Quaternary, Québec, Canada)
Authors: Nutz Alexis , Ghienne Jean‐François , Schuster Mathieu , Certain Raphaël , Robin Nicolas , Roquin Claude , Raynal Olivier , Bouchette Frédéric , Duringer Philippe , Cousineau Pierre A.
Published: September 2013

The stratigraphy of the last deglaciation sequence is investigated in Lake Saint‐Jean (Québec Province, Canada) based on 300 km of echo‐sounder two dimensional seismic profiles. The sedimentary archive of this basin is documented from the Late Pleistocene Laurentidian ice‐front recession to the present‐day situation. Ten seismic units have been identified that reflect spatio‐temporal variations in depositional processes characterizing different periods of the Saint‐Jean basin evolution. During the postglacial marine flooding, a high deposition rate of mud settling, from proglacial glacimarine and then prodeltaic plumes in the Laflamme Gulf, produced an extensive, up to 50 m thick mud sheet draping the isostatically depressed marine basin floor. Subsequently, a closing of the water body due to glacio‐isostatic rebound occurred at 8.5 cal. ka BP, drastically modifying the hydrodynamics. Hyperpycnal flows appeared because fresh lake water replaced dense marine water. River sediments were transferred towards the deeper part of the lake into river‐related sediment drifts and confined lobes. The closing of the water body is also marked by the onset of a wind‐driven internal circulation associating coastal hydrodynamics and bottom currents with sedimentary features including shoreface deposits, sediment drifts and a prograding shelf‐type body. The fingerprints of a forced regression are well expressed by mouth‐bar systems and by the shoreface–shelf system, the latter unexpected in such a lacustrine setting. In both cases, a regressive surface of lacustrine erosion (RSLE) has been identified, separating sandy mouth‐bar from glaciomarine to prodeltaic muds, and sandy shoreface wedges from the heterolithic shelf‐type body, respectively. The Lake Saint‐Jean record is an example of a regressive succession driven by a glacio‐isostatic rebound and showing the transition from late‐glacial to post‐glacial depositional systems.
Lateglacial and early Holocene tephrostratigraphy and sedimentology of the Store Slotseng basin, SW Denmark: a multi‐proxy study
Authors: Larsen Jeppe Joel , Noe‐Nygaard Nanna
Published: September 2013

The history of the Lateglacial and Preboreal sedimentary succession from the Store Slotseng kettle hole basin, SW Denmark is presented. A tephrostratigraphical and multi‐proxy investigation of the sediments, including stable isotope geochemistry, reveals small‐ and large‐scale changes in the surrounding environment through time. Three distinct tephra horizons are observed. Two of them are identified as the Preboreal Hässeldalen Tephra and the Younger Dryas Vedde Ash. The third was deposited around the Pre‐Bølling/Bølling transition. The Preboreal sediments record two significant decreases in authigenic carbonate content. Using tephrostratigraphy the lower one is identified as occurring during the Preboreal Oscillation, while the upper one is contemporaneous with the Rammelbeek Phase, which by some is recognised above the Preboreal Oscillation. This period has not previously been observed in this region. The discovery of the Hässeldalen Tephra in the Store Slotseng basin expands the known southwestern limit of the ash cloud, and increases the area for potential future observations. The Hässeldalen Tephra (c. 11.3 cal. ka BP) was deposited just prior to the Preboreal Oscillation and as such has a large potential for precise correlation and characterization of this short climatic perturbation.
Longitudinal Links Between Fathers’ and Mothers’ Harsh Verbal Discipline and Adolescents’ Conduct Problems and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Wang Ming‐Te , Kenny Sarah
Published: September 2013

This study used cross‐lagged modeling to examine reciprocal relations between maternal and paternal harsh verbal discipline and adolescents’ conduct problems and depressive symptoms. Data were from a sample of 976 two‐parent families and their children (51% males; 54% European American, 40% African American). Mothers’ and fathers’ harsh verbal discipline at age 13 predicted an increase in adolescent conduct problems and depressive symptoms between ages 13 and 14. A child effect was also present, with adolescent misconduct at age 13 predicting increases in mothers’ and fathers’ harsh verbal discipline between ages 13 and 14. Furthermore, maternal and paternal warmth did not moderate the longitudinal associations between mothers’ and fathers’ use of harsh verbal discipline and adolescent conduct problems and depressive symptoms.
Ibopamine challenge test can be used to differentiate glaucoma suspects from glaucoma patients
Authors: Ullrich Katja , Craig Jamie E , Landers John
Published: September 2013

Background

Many countries face the challenge of a rising number of patients with or at risk of developing glaucoma. A test to differentiate between people who are unlikely to develop glaucoma and those at risk for the disease could be clinically useful. Ibopamine, when administered topically, temporarily increases aqueous production. Normal eyes with healthy trabecular meshwork show no significant change in intraocular pressure (IOP) following an ibopamine challenge; however, those with glaucoma demonstrate elevated IOP.

Design

The study was designed as a prospective case–control study in a tertiary hospital.

Participants

Patients were recruited consecutively as they presented to glaucoma clinics at Flinders Medical Centre (n = 39); the sample included 18 glaucoma suspects and 21 patients with glaucoma. All patients had open anterior chamber angles and no evidence of secondary glaucoma.

Methods

Patients underwent IOP measurements followed by instillation of ibopamine 2% solution and subsequent repeated IOP assessment. The difference between the baseline measurement and that taken at 45 min was determined and compared between groups.

Main Outcome Measure

The outcome measure was the positivity of the ibopamine challenge test, defined by an increase in IOP > 3 mmHg.

Results

We observed a mean increase in IOP of 1.9 ± 1.6 mmHg or 12.5 ± 10.3%) for glaucoma suspects and 7.4 ± 4 mmHg or 52.4 ± 26.5% for glaucoma patients (P < 0.0001). Four glaucoma suspects (22%) and 19 glaucoma patients (90%) tested positive (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that ibopamine has potential as a test to differentiate glaucoma suspects from patients with glaucoma.
What is a biobank? Differing definitions among biobank stakeholders
Authors: Shaw D.M. , Elger B.S. , Colledge F.
Published: September 2013

While there is widespread agreement on the broad aspects of what constitutes a biobank, there is much disagreement regarding the precise definition. This research aimed to describe and analyze the definitions of the term biobank offered by various stakeholders in biobanking. Interviews were conducted with 36 biobanking stakeholders with international experience currently working in Switzerland. The results show that, in addition to the core concepts of biological samples and linked data, the planned use of samples (including sharing) is held to be a key criterion. It also emerges that some researchers avoid the term in order to circumvent certain regulatory guidelines, including informed consent requirements. Developments in the field of biobanking will be complicated if researchers are unaware, or deny that their collection is a biobank. A clear definition of the term is therefore an important step towards fostering collaboration amongst researchers, enabling them to more easily identify potential sources of samples.
National mutation study among Danish patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Tørring P.M. , Brusgaard K. , Ousager L.B. , Andersen P.E. , Kjeldsen A.D.
Published: September 2013

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominantly inherited vascular disease characterized by the presence of mucocutaneous telangiectasia and visceral arteriovenous malformations (AVM). The clinical diagnosis of HHT is based on the Curaçao criteria. About 85% of HHT patients carry mutations in the ENG, ACVRL1 or SMAD4 genes. Here, we report on the genetic heterogeneity in the Danish national HHT population and address the prevalence of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM). Probands of 107 apparently unrelated families received genetic testing, including sequencing and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analyses of ENG, ACVRL1 and SMAD4. These 107 families included 320 patients confirmed to have HHT either clinically or genetically. In 89% of the probands (n = 95), a mutation was identified. We detected 64 unique mutations of which 27 (41%) were novel. Large deletions were identified in ENG and ACVRL1. The prevalence of PAVM was 52.3% in patients with an ENG mutation and 12.9% in the ACVRL1 mutation carriers. We diagnosed 80% of the patients clinically, fulfilling the Curaçao criteria, and those remaining were diagnosed by genetic testing. It is discussed when to assign pathogenicity to missense and splice site mutations. The adding of an extra criterion to the Curaçao criteria is suggested.
Implementation of high‐resolution SNP arrays in the investigation of fetuses with ultrasound malformations: 5 years of clinical experience
Authors: Liao C. , Fu F. , Li R. , Xie G.‐e. , Zhang Y.‐l. , Li J. , Li D.‐z.
Published: September 2013

Chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) has proven to be a powerful tool in postnatal patients with intellectual disabilities, and it is increasingly used in prenatal diagnosis. However, its diagnostic capabilities in prenatal diagnosis vary, and clinical experiences have failed to establish a consensus regarding CMA indications, the design and resolution of microarrays, and the notification and interpretation of copy number variations (CNVs). We present our 5 years of clinical experience using whole‐genome high‐resolution single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays to investigate 446 fetuses that had structural malformations detected with ultrasound but for which standard karyotyping analysis showed normal karyotypes. CMA revealed genomic CNVs in 323 (72.4%) cases and clinically significant CNVs in 11.4% of the fetuses (51/446), including 2 cases of uniparental disomy (UPD) as well as 1 case of cryptic mosaic monosomy of chromosome X. Variants of unknown significance (VOUS) existed in 2.0% of the tested fetuses (9/446). Our results demonstrate the value of whole‐genome high‐resolution SNP arrays in fetuses with congenital malformations and give a higher detection rate of clinically significant genomic imbalance, especially for detecting UPD. Sufficient communication between technicians and genetic counselors, along with parental testing and comparison with data from in‐house or international sources, can significantly reduce VOUS.
Guidelines and Incentives for Conservation Development in Local Land‐Use Regulations
Authors: REED SARAH E. , HILTY JODI A. , THEOBALD DAVID M.
Published: September 2013

Effective conservation of biological diversity on private lands will require changes in land‐use policy and development practice. Conservation development (CD) is an alternative form of residential development in which homes are built on smaller lots and clustered together and the remainder of the property is permanently protected for conservation purposes. We assessed the degree to which CD is permitted and encouraged by local land‐use regulations in 414 counties in the western United States. Thirty‐two percent of local planning jurisdictions have adopted CD ordinances, mostly within the past 10 years. CD ordinances were adopted in counties with human population densities that were 3.0 times greater and in counties with 2.5 times more land use at urban, suburban, and exurban densities than counties without CD ordinances. Despite strong economic incentives for CD (e.g., density bonuses, which allow for a mean of 66% more homes to be built per subdivision area), several issues may limit the effectiveness of CD for biological diversity conservation. Although most CD ordinances required a greater proportion of the site area be protected than in a typical residential development, just 13% (n = 17) of the ordinances required an ecological site analysis to identify and map features that should be protected. Few CD ordinances provided guidelines regarding the design and configuration of the protected lands, including specifying a minimum size for protected land parcels or encouraging contiguity with other protected lands within or near to the site. Eight percent (n =11) of CD ordinances encouraged consultation with a biological expert or compliance with a conservation plan. We recommend that conservation scientists help to improve the effectiveness of CD by educating planning staff and government officials regarding biological diversity conservation, volunteering for their local planning boards, or consulting on development reviews.

Guías e Incentivos para el Desarrollo de la Conservación en Regulaciones de Uso Local de Suelos
A Strategy for Monitoring and Managing Declines in an Amphibian Community
Authors: GRANT EVAN H. CAMPBELL , ZIPKIN ELISE F. , NICHOLS JAMES D. , CAMPBELL J. PATRICK
Published: September 2013

Although many taxa have declined globally, conservation actions are inherently local. Ecosystems degrade even in protected areas, and maintaining natural systems in a desired condition may require active management. Implementing management decisions under uncertainty requires a logical and transparent process to identify objectives, develop management actions, formulate system models to link actions with objectives, monitor to reduce uncertainty and identify system state (i.e., resource condition), and determine an optimal management strategy. We applied one such structured decision‐making approach that incorporates these critical elements to inform management of amphibian populations in a protected area managed by the U.S. National Park Service. Climate change is expected to affect amphibian occupancy of wetlands and to increase uncertainty in management decision making. We used the tools of structured decision making to identify short‐term management solutions that incorporate our current understanding of the effect of climate change on amphibians, emphasizing how management can be undertaken even with incomplete information.

Estrategia para Monitorear y Manejar Disminuciones en una Comunidad de Anfibios