bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BBCIC Research Network Analysis of First-Cycle Prophylactic G-CSF Use in Patients Treated With High–Neutropenia Risk Chemotherapy
Authors: Pawloski Pamala A. , McDermott Cara L. , Marshall James H. , Pindolia Vanita , Lockhart Catherine M. , Panozzo Catherine A. , Brown Jeffrey S. , Eichelberger Bernadette
Published: October 2021

Background: Chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) is prevented or minimized with granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs). Several G-CSF biosimilars are approved in the United States. The Biologics and Biosimilars Collective Intelligence Consortium (BBCIC) is a nonprofit initiative whose objective is to provide scientific evidence on real-world use and comparative safety and effectiveness of biologics and biosimilars using the BBCIC distributed research network (DRN). Patients and Methods: We describe real-world G-CSF use in patients with breast or lung cancer receiving first-cycle chemotherapy associated with high FN risk. We assessed hospitalizations for FN, availability of absolute neutrophil counts, and G-CSF–induced adverse events to inform future observational comparative effectiveness studies of G-CSF reference products and their biosimilars. A descriptive analysis of 5 participating national health insurance plans was conducted within the BBCIC DRN. Results: A total of 57,725 patients who received at least one G-CSF dose were included. Most (92.5%) patients received pegfilgrastim. FN hospitalization rates were evaluated by narrow (<0.5%), intermediate (1.91%), and broad (2.99%) definitions. Anaphylaxis and hyperleukocytosis were identified in 1.15% and 2.28% of patients, respectively. This analysis provides real-world evidence extracted from a large, readily available database of diverse patients, characterizing G-CSF reference product use to inform the feasibility of future observational comparative safety and effectiveness analyses of G-CSF biosimilars. We showed that the rates of FN and adverse events in our research network are consistent with those reported by previous small studies. Conclusions: Readily available BBCIC DRN data can be used to assess G-CSF use with the incidence of FN hospitalizations. Insufficient laboratory result data were available to report absolute neutrophil counts; however, other safety data are available for assessment that provide valuable baseline data regarding the effectiveness and safety of G-CSFs in preparation for comparative effectiveness studies of reference G-CSFs and their biosimilars.
Lujo, poder y magnificencia en la Casa y Corte de Juan de la Cerda y Vique, II Duque de Medinaceli (1485-1545)
Authors: Romero Medina Raúl
Published: October 2021

El presente estudio aborda la Casa y corte de don Juan de la Cerda, II duque de Medinaceli (1485-1545), como espacio para mostrar el lujo, el poder y la magnificencia en el contexto de la monarquía Habsbúrgica. Es en este marco en el que el linaje de La Cerda hizo uso de las formas artísticas para construir mediante los objetos suntuarios, joyas, orfebrerías, tapices, vajillas o muebles, una imagen de poder en sus señoríos nobiliarios, especialmente en el marquesado de Cogolludo y en el ducado de Medinaceli.
Voix off et voix vive sur fond rouge. Témoignages et images en mouvement dans l’exposition C’est notre histoire : Premières Nations et Inuit1 du XXIe siècle
Authors: Biot Doriane
Published: October 2021

Après un projet de concertation ambitieux de près de quatre ans, l’exposition C’est notre histoire : Premières Nations et Inuit du XXIe siècle (Musée de la civilisation de Québec, 2013) se présente comme un espace multimédial où artefacts, oeuvres d’art, éléments informatifs et témoignages filmés se partagent l’attention des visiteurs. Plutôt que d’aborder l’exposition sous l’angle de la collaboration et de son efficacité, cette étude de cas approche C’est notre histoire à travers son dispositif médiatique centré autour de la parole autochtone filmée et exposée. L’étude de la chaîne de remédiation de la parole, de la captation vidéographique à son exposition, et les différentes institutions auxquelles le témoignage filmé-exposé se rattache interrogent finalement le potentiel de ces objets dans le contexte de la décolonisation progressive des musées ethnographiques et de société.
EKONOMSKI VPLIV UVEDBE POPOLNE ENETERALNE PREHRANE V DOMU STAREJŠIH OBČANOV
Authors: Dobovšek Tisa
Published: October 2021

Starostniki so zaradi različnih razlogov bolj podvrženi k razvoju krhkosti in sarkopenije, zato je pri njih ustrezna prehranjenost in pravočasna prehranska intervencija ključnega pomena za okrevanje, zmanjševanje posledic ter napredovanje različnih bolezni. Proces izgube mišične mase se lahko upočasni in stanje se celo izboljša, če so deležni pravočasne prehranske obravnave. Le ta lahko zmanjša število hospitalizacij in njihovo trajanje, pogostost zapletov, stroške oskrbe in hranjenja ter posledično smrtnost. Enteralna prehranska podpora vsebuje vsa potrebna hranila v pravilnem razmerju ter vse potrebne vitamine in minerale. Tako se lahko z ustrezno prehransko obravnavo in uvedbo farmacevtske enteralne prehrane zmanjšajo celotni stroški prehrane, zdravljenja, hospitalizacij in oskrbe bolnikov.
Design and Construction of Smart Vehicle Security System Using GPS and Spy Cam
Authors: Babalola A. D. , Olokun M. S.
Published: October 2021

Aims: Vehicle security is critical in today's world because car thefts are on the rise. robbery, and impersonation are among the crimes committed against automobiles. As a result, keeping track of and safeguarding vehicles has grown to be a significant problem in modern life.

Study Design: The system combines GPS (Global Positioning Service), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), and Spy Cam technologies interfaced with an Arduino UNO to track the location of a car in real time.

Methodology: Short Message Service (SMS) messages are sent to the user or Vehicle authority mobile phone together with images of the current vehicle operator when SMS with the word "Track" is composed and sent to the SIM number inserted into the GSM module. BLYNK Android application serves as database for storing and  retrieving cloud information when requested.

Results: The vehicle current location and the image of the current user will be displayed on Google Maps application of the sender. This technology enhances mobile vehicle security and avoid loss and impersonation. An SMS security warning is also sent to the owner when there is a lot of movement in front of the camera.

Conclusion: This system helps in detection and reporting of vehicle theft in real time. It can be employed in individual cars since it is affordable; also vehicle safety authorities can employ this technology to help them secure vehicles better.
Increase of Nonspecific Immunity and Productivity of Piglets when using the Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri
Authors: Anastasiya Ovcharova , Konstantin Ostrenko , Ivan Kutin
Published: October 2021

The stress of weaning piglets negatively affects all factors of the body. First of all, this affects the violation of nutrition and a decrease in the activity of the immune system. The use of probiotics allows to reduce the negative consequences caused by weaning from a sow. The aim of the study was to study the effect of probiotics based on Lactobacillus reuteri on the indicators of nonspecific resistance and productivity of piglets. The obtained data showed a high efficiency of the use of probiotics. In the experimental group, the phagocytic activity of neutrophils increased by 4.4%, the phagocytic index was 6.6% higher, and the bactericidal activity increased by 29% compared to the control group. In piglets treated with Lactobacillus reuteri, body weight increased by 9.3%, and the average daily gains in the control group increased by 15.8%. The use of probiotics in the period of stress after weaning allows you to activate the immune status.
Discovery of 5-Chlorobenzimidazole-based as Promising Inhibitors of Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium Strains: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Molecular Docking and Computational Studies
Authors: N’Guessan Jean Paul , Coulibaly Songuigama , Alzain Abdulrahim A. , Sissouma Drissa , Yavo William , Ouattara Mahama
Published: October 2021

Background: To overcome drug resistance to current antimalarial drugs, we propose the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of the antiplasmodial activity of a series of 5-chlorobenzimidazolyl-chalcones against chloroquino sensitive (CQ-S) and chloroquino resistant (CQ-R) strains of P. falciparum.

Objective: This study aimed to establish through structure-activity relationship studies and docking, the structural elements essential for antiplasmodial activities.

Methods: The antiplasmodial activity of these benzimidazolylchalcones was carried out according to the Rieckmann microtest technique, followed by the determination of the concentrations inhibiting 50% of the production of parasitic HRP2 antigens (IC50) by ELISA. Chloroquine was used as a reference molecule with a sensitivity threshold set at 100 µM. Molecular docking was performed using sensitive (PDB ID: 1J3I) and resistant (PDB ID: 4DP3) dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase proteins (PfDHFR-TS).

Results: All benzimidazolylchalcones tested expressed antiplasmodial activities especially against chloroquine resistant isolates (IC50 = 0.32-44.38 µM). The best profile against both isolates was the methoxylated derivative (3e) with an IC50 ranging from 0.32 to 1.96 µM. This compound had the best antimalarial activity against CQ-S isolates. On CQ-R isolates, the unsubstituted 5-chlorobenzimidazole derivative (3b) had exalted activity (IC50 = 0.78 µM).  We selected a weakly active non-chlorinated derivative 3a and chlorinated derivatives 3b, 3d, 3e and 3f) with IC50< 3µM against the chloroquine-resistant strain to perform docking studies. These revealed that the pyrrolic nitrogen of benzimidazole and the ketone of propenone are the main chemical entities involved in the interaction at the receptor. Moreover, ADMET studies showed favorable pharmacokinetic properties.

Conclusion: Molecular docking studies confirmed the experimental findings and revealed the possible interactions pattern. Derivatives 3b and 3e, which showed promising binding affinities against PfDHFR-TS, can be proposed as lead compounds for the development of antimalarial drug candidates.
Cost Shifting for Emergency Care of Veterans With Medicare After MISSION Act Implementation
Authors: Burke Laura G. , Ma Yanlei , Phelan Jessica , Latsko Ellen , Frakt Austin B. , Pizer Steven D. , Figueroa Jose F.
Published: December 2024

This cross-sectional study examines changes in payers for emergency department visits in Veterans Affairs and community facilities from 2016 to 2021.
Violaceoid F induces nuclear translocation of FOXO3a by inhibiting CRM1via a novel mechanism and suppresses HeLa cell growth
Authors: Watanabe Nobumoto , Sanada Emiko , Okano Akiko , Nogawa Toshihiko , Lai Ngit Shin , Mazaki Yui , Muroi Makoto , Yashiroda Yoko , Yoshida Minoru , Osada Hiroyuki
Published: December 2024

FOXO3a is a transcription factor involved in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. FOXO3a is localized in the cytoplasm in cancer cells, and its nuclear translocation by small molecules is expected to prevent cancer cell growth. In this study, we screened a fungal broth library in HeLa cells using fluorescently labeled FOXO3a and an AI‐based imaging system. We identified violaceoid F, which translocates FOXO3a into the nucleus by inhibiting CRM1, which is responsible for nuclear protein export. Violaceoid F was observed to target the reactive cysteine of CRM1 through its α, β‐epoxyketone. However, because violaceoid F did not inhibit Crm1 in fission yeast cells, it seems to target cysteine residue(s) other than Cys528 of human CRM1 which are not targeted by other known CRM1 inhibitors, indicating that violaceoid F inhibits CRM1 via a novel mechanism.
Cortical lesions impact cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis via volume loss of nonlesional cortex
Authors: Krijnen Eva A. , van Dam Maureen , Bajrami Albulena , Bouman Piet M. , Noteboom Samantha , Barkhof Frederik , Uitdehaag Bernard M.J. , Steenwijk Martijn D. , Klawiter Eric C. , Koubiyr Ismail , Schoonheim Menno M.
Published: December 2024

Objective

To assess the interrelationship between cortical lesions and cortical thinning and volume loss in people with multiple sclerosis within cortical networks, and how this relates to future cognition.

Methods

In this longitudinal study, 230 people with multiple sclerosis and 60 healthy controls underwent 3 Tesla MRI at baseline and neuropsychological assessment at baseline and 5‐year follow‐up. Cortical regions (N = 212) were divided into seven functional networks. Regions were defined as either lesional or normal‐appearing cortex based on presence of a cortical lesion on artificial intelligence‐generated double inversion‐recovery scans. Cortical volume and thickness were determined within lesional or normal‐appearing cortex.

Results

Prevalence of at least one cortical lesion was highest in the limbic (73%) followed by the default mode network (70.9%). Multiple sclerosis‐related cortical thinning was more pronounced in lesional (mean Z‐score = 0.70 ± 0.84) compared to normal‐appearing cortex (−0.45 ± 0.60; P < 0.001) in all, except sensorimotor, networks. Cognitive dysfunction, particularly of verbal memory, visuospatial memory, and inhibition, at follow‐up was best predicted by baseline network volume of normal‐appearing cortex of the default mode network [B (95% CI) = 0.31 (0.18; 0.43), P < 0.001]. Mediation analysis showed that the effect of cortical lesions on future cognition was mediated by volume loss of the normal‐appearing instead of lesional cortex, independent of white matter lesion volume.

Interpretation

Multiple sclerosis‐related cortical thinning was worse in lesional compared to normal‐appearing cortex, while volume loss of normal‐appearing cortex was most predictive of subsequent cognitive decline, particularly in the default mode network. Mediation analyses indicate that cortical lesions impact cognitive decline plausibly by inducing atrophy, rather than through a direct effect.
Estimating Budget Impact and Joint Replacement Avoidance by Implementing a Standardized Education and Exercise Therapy Program for Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis in a Publicly Insured Health Care System
Authors: Mazzei Darren R. , Whittaker Jackie L. , Faris Peter , Wasylak Tracy , Marshall Deborah A.
Published: December 2024

Objective

The study objective was to estimate the budget impact of funding a standardized education and exercise therapy program, Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark (GLA:D) for people with hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) waiting for total joint replacement (TJR) consultation in a universal publicly insured health care system in Canada.

Methods

We built a budget impact analysis model to estimate the annual cost (Canadian dollars) of providing the GLA:D program to people waiting for a TJR consultation and then forecasted a three‐year budget cycle. The base case assumes that 40% attend GLA:D sessions, that 11% avoid surgery, uniform care delivery, that training costs are incurred separately, and that the health care system has enough trained staff to meet demand. The population of people with hip and knee OA waiting for a TJR consultation was estimated with government statistics, peer‐reviewed evidence, and routinely collected data from five orthopedic centralized intake clinics (serving 80% of people seeking TJR). Patient‐level costs were collected prospectively. International published evidence informed the TJR avoidance estimates. A one‐way sensitivity analysis of key parameters evaluated model robustness. Four scenarios were analyzed: public funding for everyone (base case), low‐income, rural, and uninsured persons.

Results

Funding GLA:D would cost $4.3 million, serve 12,500 people, and save $8.5 million by avoiding 1,300 TJRs in year one. Savings grow to $8.8 and $8.7 million in years two and three. The number of TJRs performed annually produced the most uncertainty in budget impact (−$15.3 million, −$1.8 million). The most cautious parameter estimates still produce cost savings.

Conclusion

Publicly funding standardized education and exercise therapy programs for everyone waiting for a TJR consultation would avoid surgeries, improve access to evidence‐based treatments, and save more than the program costs.
Current Trends and Future Perspective for Cold Spray Metal‐Ceramic Composites
Authors: Wicaksono Romario A. , Ardeshiri Lordejani Amir , Bagherifard Sara
Published: December 2024

Cermet materials comprising ceramic and metallic constituents demonstrate superior mechanical properties, rendering them highly appropriate for demanding applications. Studies have shown that cold spray (CS) technology is a viable method for producing cermet coatings and components. CS effectively embeds the ceramic phase, which acts as reinforcement, within the metallic matrix. Herein, a comprehensive review of diverse aspects of cermet deposits obtained using CS technology is provided, with particular emphasis on feedstock preparation methodologies and their subsequent impact on deposit characteristics. It examines the effects of several spray process parameters, feeding modes, and postprocessing techniques on the compositional and structural characteristics of the cermet deposits. The challenges and potentials are critically discussed, and future trends in the growing applications are highlighted. Aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive view on the current state of the art to facilitate the modulation of cermet deposits' performance produced using CS technology.
Coating V2O5@NaV6O15 Nanofibers with PPy Toward Prominent Sensitivity, Thermal Dissipation, Electromagnetic Protection, Waterproofing, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Fan Baoxin , Pan Longqiong , Ji Ran , Shang Junzhe , Liao Junye , Lin Qian , Tong Guoxiu , Xie Liyan , Wu Tong
Published: December 2024

Excellent mechanical flexibility, thermal conductivity, and microwave absorption are essential properties for multifunctional materials applied in next‐generation wearable electronics. However, it remains a great challenge to improve the incompatibility among these properties. Herein, high‐quantity V2O5@NaV6O15@PPy core‐shell nanofibers (CSNFs) are synthesized via a simple dissolution‐recrystallization and in situ redox polymerization process. Owing to regular, periodic, and stable sensing signals, their membrane can serve as a strain sensor to accurately detect word pronunciation and body movement. Their TPU films possess high strength, excellent hydrophobicity, and large thermal conductivity (3.56 W m−1 K−1); 7 wt.% load. Besides, the CSNFs exhibit efficient wide‐band microwave absorption (8.56 GHz) and RCS reduction (24.41 dBm2) at a low load (7 wt.%), outperforming most other absorbers. The boosted performance can be ascribed to their 1D structure with multiple heterostructures and abundant defects, which generate conductive loss, diverse polarizations, multiple microwave scattering, and the cooperative heat transfer of electrons and phonons. Further analyses reveal their heat transfer and dielectric loss mechanisms based on the density of states, electric field distribution, and the phonon density of states. Overall, the V2O5@NaV6O15@PPy CSNFs are promising as multifunctional materials for applications in wearable strain sensing, thermal management, EM protection, and Radar stealth, particularly in extreme environments.
Toward Long‐Life High‐Voltage Aqueous Li‐Ion Batteries: from Solvation Chemistry to Solid‐Electrolyte‐Interphase Layer Optimization Against Electron Tunneling Effect
Authors: Jeong Insu , Kim Sungho , Kim Youngbi , Kim Changmin , Kang Jieun , Ha Jee Ho , Cho Younsang , Kang Seok Ju , Ryu Jaegeon , Han Jeong Woo , Park Soojin
Published: December 2024

Water is pursued as an electrolyte solvent for its non‐flammable nature compared to traditional organic solvents, yet its narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) limits its performance. Solvation chemistry design is widely adopted as the key to suppress the reactivity of water, thereby expanding the ESW. In this study, an acetamide‐based ternary eutectic electrolyte achieved an ESW ranging from 1.4 to 5.1 V. The electrolyte confines water molecules within the primary solvation sheath of Li‐ions, reducing the free water and breaking the hydrogen bond network. Despite this, initial capacity retention is suboptimal due to inadequate formation of solid‐electrolyte‐interphase (SEI) layers. To address this, additional hydrogen evolution reaction is induced by widening the operation voltage range, thereby optimizing the SEI layer to mitigate the electron tunneling effect. This approach resulted in a denser LiF‐rich SEI layer, effectively preventing water decomposition and improving long‐term cycle stability. The optimized SEI layer reduced the electron tunneling barrier, achieving a discharge capacity of 152 mAh g−1 at 1 C and maintaining 76% of its capacity (116 mAh g−1) after 1000 cycles. This study highlights the critical role of both solvation structure and SEI layer optimization in enhancing the performance of high‐voltage aqueous Li‐ion batteries.
Successive Reactions of Trimethylgermanium Chloride to Achieve > 26% Efficiency MA‐Free Perovskite Solar Cell With 3000‐Hour Unattenuated Operation
Authors: Li Yong , Xie Zhuang , Duan Yuwei , Li Yongzhe , Sun Yiqiao , Su Chunbo , Li Hongxiang , Sun Rui , Cheng Minghui , Wang Hanye , Xu Dongfang , Zhang Ke , Wang Yifan , Lei Hongjie , Peng Qiang , Guo Kunpeng , Liu Shengzhong , Liu Zhike
Published: December 2024

The rapidly increased efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) indicates their broad commercial prospects, but the commercialization of perovskite faces complex optimization processes and stability issues. In this work, a simple optimized strategy is developed by the addition of trimethylgermanium chloride (TGC) into FACsPbI3 precursor solution. TGC triggers the successive interactions in perovskite solution and film, involving the hydrolysis of vulnerable Ge─Cl bond forming Ge─OH group, then forming the hydrogen bonds (O─H···N and O─H···I) with FAI. These successive interactions effectively safeguard FA+ from decomposition, accelerate crystallization, restrict ion migration, and passivate film defects. Thus, a high‐quality perovskite is obtained with the super‐hydrophobic surface, maintaining the light‐active phase (α‐phase) even after exposure to high‐humidity air (RH: 85%) for 10 days. Consequently, the TGC‐treated conventional (n‐i‐p) and inverted (p‐i‐n) FACsPbI3 PSCs achieve 26.03%‐ and 26.38%‐ efficiencies, respectively, retaining unattenuated operation initial efficiency after tracking at the maximum power point (MPP) under illumination for 3000 h.
Light‐Directed Self‐Powered Metal‐Organic Framework Based Nanorobots for Deep Tumor Penetration
Authors: Zhang Xiuping , Wu Lihua , Chen Xianheng , Liu Chunyu , Wang Yuanbo , Liu Rong , Wang Bo
Published: December 2024

Effective intratumoral distribution of anticancer agents with good tumor penetration is of great practical importance for oncotherapy. How to break the limitation of traditional passive drug delivery relying on blood circulatory system into solid tumors remains a challenge. Herein, a light‐directed self‐powered nanorobot based on zirconium‐based porphyrin metal‐organic framework (MOF) is reported for smart delivery of chemodrug and photosensitizer for deep tumor penetration. The MOF‐based carrier transporting the therapeutics is able to responsively generate hydrogen sulfide as propulsion gas and uniquely exhibits negative phototaxis in acidic tumor microenvironment. Under red light irradiation, the nanorobots are accordingly propelled from the tumor surface toward deep tumor far away from the exterior light source in a specific deep‐into‐tumor direction, greatly enhancing tumor penetration. Along with tumor‐responsive release and activation of the delivered therapeutics inside tumor tissues, photo‐chemotherapy with significantly improved efficacy is achieved.
Probing Out‐Of‐Plane Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Gicevičius Mindaugas , Gong Haoxin , Turetta Nicholas , Wood William , Volpi Martina , Geerts Yves , Samorì Paolo , Sirringhaus Henning
Published: December 2024

High contact resistance remains the primary obstacle that hinders further advancements of organic semiconductors (OSCs) in electronic circuits. While significant effort has been directed toward lowering the energy barrier at OSC/metal contact interfaces, approaches toward reducing another major contributor to overall contact resistance – the bulk resistance – have been limited to minimizing the thickness of OSC films. However, the out‐of‐plane conductivity of OSCs, a critical aspect of bulk resistance, has largely remained unaddressed. In this study, multi‐layered 2D crystalline, solution‐processed films of the high‐mobility molecular semiconductor 2,9‐dioctylnaphtho[2,3‐b] naphtha[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐d]thiophene (C8‐DNTT‐C8) are investigated using conductive‐probe atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) to evaluate out‐of‐plane charge transport. The findings reveal a linear increase in out‐of‐plane resistance with the number of molecular layers in the film, which is modeled using an equivalent circuit model with multiple tunneling barriers connected in series. Building upon these results, a vertical transfer length method (V‐TLM) is developed, allowing one to determine the out‐of‐plane resistivity of OSC and providing insights into charge transport properties at a single molecule length scale. The V‐TLM approach highlights the potential of C‐AFM for investigating out‐of‐plane charge transport in OSC thin films and holds promise for accelerating the screening of molecules for high‐performance electronic devices.
Virtual versus in‐person didactic modalities: A national survey of emergency medicine residencies
Authors: Jameyfield Emily L. , Kropf Charles W. , Lewis Jason J. , Reisig Christopher , Thomas Jenna
Published: December 2024

Background

Following the widespread shift from in‐person to virtual delivery of didactics during the COVID‐19 pandemic, some emergency medicine (EM) residency programs have retained virtual didactic time while others have returned exclusively to in‐person didactics. In this national survey of EM residency programs, we explored the current national distribution of virtual versus in‐person didactic time and the circumstances and motivators for use of each.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey with branched logic was designed via Qualtrics. Distribution was via a Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine (CORD) listserv; nonresponding programs were emailed directly with subsequent reminders. Analysis and descriptive statistics were calculated via Microsoft Excel. All authors performed thematic analysis of narrative comments.

Results

We received responses from 174 of 281 programs (61.9%). “Hybrid” programs utilizing both in‐person and virtual time represented 51.7% of respondents, and the remaining 49.3% used in‐person didactics only. Among hybrid programs, 77.3% utilized in‐person conferences greater than 75% of the time. Simulation (100%) and procedural teaching (99%) were most strongly preferred in person, and oral boards practice (30.2%) was supported virtually. The most common motivations for in‐person delivery were perceived impact on resident and/or faculty learning (86.8%), perception of resident engagement (79.3%), community building (74.7%), type of learning sessions (70.1%), and perceived impact on resident and/or faculty wellness (59.8%). Top reasons for choosing virtual didactics were perceived convenience for residents (75.6%) or faculty (60.0%) and perceived impact on resident and/or faculty wellness (43.3%).

Conclusions

Nationwide, EM residency programs spend most didactic time in person. Modality choice is influenced by didactic content as well as sociocultural considerations. Future investigation into the validity of perceptions that participants are more engaged and learn better with in‐person didactics is warranted.
The overall‐process dynamic mass transfer research of surfactant at the three‐phase emulsions interface
Authors: Ge Xue‐hui , Jia Bo , Shan Zhiwei , Lin Xiaocheng , Wang Xiaoda
Published: December 2024

Surfactant‐stabilized multiphase emulsions are widely used. However, current studies on the dynamic adsorption of emulsions during flow are mainly focused on the droplet formation stage rather than the flow stage. In this study, the mass transfer of surfactants in microchannels during the droplet formation and flow phases (the overall process) was investigated and a mass transfer diffusion model and an adsorption kinetic model for emulsions were developed, which explained the mass transfer process in microchannels for low and high surfactant concentrations, respectively. Subsequently, dynamic interfacial tension values between the two phases were calculated using two surfactants (SDS and DTAB) to validate these models and the results were in good agreement with the experimental values. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how surfactants diffuse throughout three‐phase emulsions, thus shedding light on the mass transfer mechanisms inherent in these complex systems.
Late‐life social activity and subsequent risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Chen Yi , Grodstein Francine , Capuano Ana W. , Wang Tianhao , Bennett David A. , James Bryan D.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Social activity is associated with better cognitive health in old age. To better translate epidemiological research for public health communication, we estimated relations of levels of social activity to average age at dementia onset.

METHODS

In the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP), we followed 1923 dementia‐free older adults and conducted annual clinical evaluations of dementia/mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

RESULTS

During a mean follow‐up of 6.7 (SD = 4.7) years, 545 participants developed dementia, and 695 developed MCI. Using Accelerated Failure Time models adjusted for age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, and marital status, we found predicted mean age of dementia onset for the least socially active was 87.7 years, approximately 5 years earlier than the most socially active (mean age = 92.2, p < .01); we found a similar 5‐year difference in age at MCI onset by social activity.

DISCUSSION

Our findings highlight the value of social activity as a possible community‐level intervention for reducing dementia.

Highlights

Accelerated failure time models estimated age at dementia onset by social activity level to aid interpretation.

Higher social activity was associated with a 5‐year older age at dementia onset.

Economic research shows a 5‐year delay translates to US$500,000 of healthcare savings per capita.

Our findings help understand the public health significance of social activity.
DNA Interactions, Antimicrobial, In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Molecular Docking, Cell Cycle Analysis, and Apoptosis Assay Efficiency of Newly Nano‐Sized Tridentate Cu(II), Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) Chelates of (E)‐5‐Fluoro‐2‐(((5‐(2‐fluorophenyl)‐furan‐2‐yl)methylene)amino)benzenethiol
Authors: Siddiq Hind Ahmed , Mousa Ibtisam , Alenazy Deemah Mizher , Alaghaz Abdel‐Nasser M. A.
Published: December 2024

Nano‐sized tridentate transition metal(II) chelates, specifically [M(FONS)Cl] with H‐FONS = ligand and M = Cu(II) (C1), Ni(II) (C2), Pd(II) (C3), and Pt(II) (C4), underwent synthesis and subsequent characterization. The HOMO–LUMO energy gaps (ΔE) were used to create theoretical models for the structure and confirmation barriers in molecular systems for the ligand (H‐FONS) and metal chelates. It was found that the Cu(II), Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) chelates have lower values for HOMO–LUMO energy gaps (ΔE), indicating that they are more stable than the H‐FONS 1igand.The metal formed four coordinated with the tridentate NOS donor Schiff base to form square‐planar geometry chelates. The results of TEM, EDX, AFM, and x‐ray diffraction calculations for the bivalent metal chelates indicated sharp and intense diffraction peaks, confirming their crystalline nature and nanoscale particle size. The interaction between calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) and the chelates was examined utilizing the UV–Vis spectroscopic method, revealing their capacity to bind with CT‐DNA via intercalation mode. Nano‐sized metal(II) chelates show a higher viscous nature than H‐FONS. The cytotoxicity of H‐FONS and its metal(II) chelates in nano form against the liver cancer cell line (HepG2) was evaluated by studying in vitro cell proliferation using the MTT assay. The findings demonstrated that all compounds exhibited anticancer properties, displaying a dose‐dependent response. Our flow cytometry data indicate significant levels of cell cycle arrest in the liver cancer cell line. By molecular docking study, it was found that the Cu(II) chelate (C1) showed the highest and better binding affinity (−8.2 and −8.7 kcal/mol) than other 1igand (H‐FONS) and comp1exes (C2–C4) for the BCL2 and PBP3 proteins central activities.
Highly Selective, Catalyst‐Free, and Low Temperature Depolymerizable Styrene Copolymer With Incorporated α‐Methylstyrene Structural Units
Authors: Zi Yucheng , Chen Dong , Wang Guochen , Ma Yuhong , Yang Wantai
Published: December 2024

A simple strategy is proposed to offer styrene (St) copolymer with intrinsic and catalyst‐free upcycling capability by incorporating α‐methylstyrene (AMS) units into the copolymer poly(AMS‐co‐St) (PAS). Compared to polystyrene (PS), the PAS is more susceptible to depolymerizing into St and AMS monomers with higher yields at relatively lower temperature. The yield of liquid chemicals of PAS‐4 (26.1 mol% AMS) is up to 93 wt% at 380°C, whereas that PS as control is 78 wt%. The reclaimed liquid chemicals of PAS‐4 contain 58.4 wt% St and 37.7 wt% AMS, while the chemicals of PS contain 81.8 wt% St and 4.1 wt% AMS. The introduction of AMS units in PAS leads to a reduction in the liquid chemicals other than St and AMS monomers. The blends of PS and PAMS do not demonstrate the synergistic effect regarding facilitating the PS depolymerization. In addition, the properties of the new PASs prepared with the reclaimed monomers are comparable with those of the virgin PASs. This work proves the concept that recycling efficiency could be boosted by incorporating liable structural units into the copolymer chains and demonstrates a closed‐loop of PS up‐cycling.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Sensory Processing Skills and Language Development in Children With Developmental Language Disorders
Authors: Barmak Elife , Baş Banu
Published: December 2024

Background

The aim was to compare the sensory processing skills of children diagnosed with developmental language disorder (DLD) with those of typically developing children and to investigate the relationship between language development and sensory processing skills.

Methods

The investigation comprised 60 children, all of whom were typically developing and diagnosed with DLD. The “Early Language Development‐Third: Turkish (ELD: Turkish)” and the “Sensory Profile (Caregiver Questionnaire)” were utilized to assess the language and sensory processing skills of the children, respectively, within the scope of the study.

Results

In our study, the four‐factor scores of children with DLD were considerably lower than those of their typically developing peers (p < 0.05). These factors are sensory seeking, inattention/distractibility, fine motor/perceptual, and emotionally reactive. In addition, the children with DLD had statistically significant lower scores in three quadrants except for sensory sensitivity (p < 0.05). In three quadrants (sensation seeking, low registration, and sensory avoiding) and three factors (sensory seeking, inattention/distractibility, and fine motor/perceptual), a substantial correlation was observed between the sensory processing skills and the language skills.

Conclusions

It has been observed that there are differences in the sensory processing skills of children with DLD. In addition to evaluating the language skills of these children, it will also contribute to the evaluation of the effectiveness of their sensory processing skills and the development of more effective strategies in the intervention processes of these children.
Harnessing the Power of Marine Biomass‐Derived Carbon for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Saha Protity , Islam Md. Zahidul , Shah Syed Shaheen , Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman , Maiyalagan T. , Aziz Md. Abdul , Ahammad A. J. Saleh
Published: December 2024

Marine biomass presents a promising and sustainable pathway for advancing electrochemical energy storage (EES) technologies. This review provides a comprehensive, state‐of‐the‐art examination of marine biomass‐derived carbon as a high‐performance electrode material for EES devices. The global abundance and distribution of marine biomass are discussed, followed by a detailed investigation into the chemical composition of various aquatic organisms. Key conventional synthesis methods for converting marine biomass into carbon are critically analyzed, emphasizing strategies to enhance electrochemical performance. Diverse applications of marine biomass‐derived carbon in EES are explored, offering an in‐depth evaluation of its electrochemical activity and mechanical properties in relation to structural variations. A dedicated section addresses the “Technology to Market” transition, presenting a strategic overview of the commercial potential of this material. Lastly, the review identifies current challenges and future opportunities, emphasizing the need for continued research into both structural innovations and scalable solutions to advance sustainable energy storage systems, addressing critical environmental and economic issues.
Activin A promoted the anti‐tumor effect of ActRIIA high CD8+ T cells in mouse hepatoma
Authors: Hu Liangchang , Zhao Yu , Zhang Xuguang , Ma Chunhui
Published: December 2024

Background

Activin A, a noteworthy member of the TGF‐β superfamily. Activin A can regulate the biological functions of various immune cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, etc. The purpose of this study is to investigate the regulatory effect and related mechanisms of activin A on CD8+ T cells.

Methods

This study established a mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of hepatoma to explore whether activin A has a regulatory effect of CD8+ T cells. And reveal the biological characteristics of ActRIIA high CD8+ T cells.

Results

We discovered that CD8+ T cells express ActRIIA, ActRIIB, and Smad2,3,4. Unlike high‐dose activin A, low‐dose activin A increased the content of CD8+ T cells while also suppressing tumor growth. In addition, low‐dose activin A promoted expression of perforin, granzyme B, CD69, CD11c, CD49b, Ki67 and ActRIIA in CD8+ T cells. And the results indicated that high‐dose activin A promotes the expression of PPM1A in T cells, while low‐dose activin A has no effect on these cells. The tumor contained more ActRIIA high CD8+ T cells compared to the peripheral blood and spleen. ActRIIA high CD8+ T cells highly express cytotoxic molecules and cytokines. And ActRIIA high CD8+ T cells not only expressed high levels of activation/co‐stimulatory markers CD69, CD278, and CD28, but also high levels of inhibitory markers CD366 and KLRG1. Different chemokine receptors displayed varying levels of expression in ActRIIA high CD8+ T cells. Additionally, these cells have a high proliferative potential. Finally, overexpression of Mettl3 inhibited the expression of ActRIIA in CD8+ T cells.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that low‐dose activin A enhanced the anti‐tumor effect of CD8+ T cells, and ActRIIA high CD8+ T cells actively contribute to tumor immunity.
CD4+ T Cells Mediate Dendritic Cell Licensing to Promote Multi‐Antigen Anti‐Leukemic Immune Response
Authors: Gil‐de‐Gómez Luis , Mattei Joseph J. , Lee Jessica H. , Grupp Stephan A. , Reid Gregor S. D. , Seif Alix E.
Published: December 2024

Background

Single antigen (Ag)‐targeted immunotherapies for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are highly effective; however, up to 50% of patients relapse after these treatments. Most of these relapses lack target Ag expression, suggesting targeting multiple Ags would be advantageous.

Materials & Methods

The multi‐Ag immune responses to ALL induced by transducing cell lines with xenoAgs green fluorescent protein and firefly luciferase was elucidated using flow cytometry, ELISA, and ELISpot assays.

Results

In our model, leukemia responsiveness correlates with in vivo CD4+ T cell activation and DC maturation, supporting a role for DC licensing. In contrast, tolerance is characterized by in vivo increased expression of negative immune checkpoints (IC) which may suppress rather than license DC. In vitro assays confirm the ability of CD4+ T cells from leukemia‐responsive mice to promote robust maturation of naïve bone marrow DC in the presence of non‐immunogenic leukemia antigens.

Conclusion

Together these findings support a CD4+ T cell‐mediated mechanism of DC licensing to promote multi‐Ag immune responses that may augment current targeted immunotherapies and avoid relapses in treated children with ALL.
Chemical Profiling, Insecticidal and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Rosmarinus officinalis and Ocimum sanctum Against Aphid, Mealy Bug and Diamondback Moth
Authors: Urvashi  , Reddy S. G. Eswara
Published: December 2024

Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Planococcus lilacinus Cockrell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) are key pests of agricultural and horticultural crops. Indiscriminate use of insecticides led to resistance, harmful to beneficial insects and environment. Essential oils (EOs) are plant‐derived secondary metabolites that can be used to combat insect pests. In this work, chemical composition and insecticidal activities of EOs were screened against target pests for identification of lead(s). GC and GC–mass spectra (MS) analysis of EOs revealed that ocimene (36.4%) in Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) and β‐caryophyllene (58.77%) in Ocimum sanctum L. (Lamiaceae) were major constituents. Combination of R. officinalis + O. sanctum (RO + OS) at 1:1, 3:1 and 1:3 ratios comprised eugenol (36.95%, 42.02% and 19.01%, respectively) as the main constituent. R. officinalis is most effective against A. craccivora and P. lilacinus (LD50 = 0.97 and 2.02 µL/insect, respectively) after 96 h. O. sanctum was more effective against P. xylostella (LD50 = 3.92 µL/insect). All the combinations of EOs displayed toxicity (LD50 = 0.11–0.14 µL/insect), synergistic activity for A. craccivora and P. lilacinus, whereas P. xylostella showed antagonistic activity. Further RO + OS at 1:3 and 3:1 ratios also displayed high toxicity to P. lilacinus (LD50 = 0.36–0.40 µL/insect) and P. xylostella (LD50 = 1.36–1.49 µL/insect). EO of R. officinalis showed repellent (RC50 = 2366.62 µL/L) against P. xylostella, deterrent activity of O. sanctum against A. craccivora (88%) and synergistic action against A. craccivora (Cotoxicity coefficient (CTC) = 640.67–1366.67) and P. lilacinus (CTC = 404–561.11). Both EOs showed inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), CES1 and mixed‐function oxidase (MFO) in test insects. The EO of RO and OS alone or in combination may be recommended for the control of target pests based on field bio‐efficacy studies.
Alkaloids and Iridoids From Phlogacanthus curviflorus
Authors: Wu Qian , Ma Ren‐Fen , Wei Quan‐Hao , Zhuang Xin‐Cheng , Zhang Hua
Published: December 2024

Four unreported pyridine alkaloids, curviflorines A–D (1–4), two undescribed iridoids, curviridoids A and B (5 and 6), and one known iridoid glycoside (7), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Phlogacanthus curviflorus. The structures of these compounds were established by detailed interpretation of MS and NMR data, with the absolute configurations being assigned via comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Notably, it is the first report of alkaloidal constituents (1–4) from the genus Phlogacanthus. Compounds 1–7 did not show obvious inhibitory activities against α‐glucosidase and NO production (in RAW264.7 macrophages), nor did they exhibit anti‐oxidant activity and cytotoxicity towards MDA‐MB231, A549 and HeLa cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, alkaloids 1–4 did exert a significant suppressing effect on TGF‐β1‐induced upregulation of the fibrotic marker protein fibronectin in HK‐2 cells, indicating their antifibrotic potential.
A Distinctive Encounter With Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis and Pneumonia
Authors: Shrestha Shrijan , Rai Pragya , Kayastha Gyan
Published: December 2024

This article highlights the critical importance of identifying the classic triad of hemoptysis, anemia, and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, offering clinicians a structured approach for the timely diagnosis and management of the diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in setting of GPA. Post‐intubation HRCT findings revealed diffuse patchy ground glass opacities in both lungs, along with right lobar consolidation showing liquefaction and an air‐fluid level.
Material Use Efficiency of Primary Packaging of Fast‐Moving Consumer Goods
Authors: Yilmaz Cihat , Müller Kajetan , Blanke Laura , Dorn Verena , Rohrmeier Teresa , Schinkel Konstantin , Tischler Cornelia , Vafaieshoar Maryam , Fell Tanja , Sängerlaub Sven
Published: December 2024

To make different packages with various filling quantities better comparable for their packaging material use, in this study the packaging material use efficiency was defined as the ratio of fill good amount to the packaging weight. Several hundred rigid packages (tubes, bottles, cans, and carton packages) for liquid and higher‐viscous fast‐moving consumer goods, e.g., beverages and personal care products, were analyzed (weight) and more than >1000 data sets were taken from packaging suppliers of glass and PET packaging. As expected, glass packaging is heavier than PET packaging by a factor of around 10, and with a higher filling volume less packaging per amount of food is required. The material use efficiency of glass and PET bottles can differ by up to a factor of 3 within one filling quantity. The results are relevant for calculating life cycle assessments (LCAs) and selection of material efficient packaging.