bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A brain–computer interface system for lower-limb exoskeletons based on motor imagery and stacked ensemble approach
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Xuxu , Liang Zilin , Lou Huanzhi , Cui Tong , Shen Cheng , Gao Zhijun
Published: January 2025

Existing lower limb exoskeletons (LLEs) have demonstrated a lack of sufficient patient involvement during rehabilitation training. To address this issue and better incorporate the patient’s motion intentions, this paper proposes an online brain–computer interface (BCI) system for LLE based motor imagery and stacked ensemble. The establishment of this online BCI system enables a comprehensive closed-loop control process, which includes the collection and decoding of brain signals, robotic control, and real-time feedback mechanisms. Additionally, an online experimental protocol that integrates visual and proprioceptive feedback is developed. To enhance decoding precision, we proposed a novel classification algorithm based on the stacking technique, termed weighted random forests-support vector machines (WRF-SVM). In this algorithm, WRFs function as the base learning models, while SVMs act as the meta-learning layer. To assess the efficacy of the BCI system and the classification algorithm, eight subjects were recruited for testing. The outcomes of both online and offline experiments exhibit high classification accuracy, confirming the viability and utility of the BCI system. We are confident that our approach holds significant promise for practical applications in the field of LLE technology.
High-stable multifunctional dynamically reconfigurable artificial synapses based on hybrid graphene/ferroelectric field-effect transistors
Authors: Liu Liang , Zhang Xutao , Tian Ruijuan , Zhang Qiao , Zhang Mingwen , Zhang Yu , Gan Xuetao
Published: January 2025

In response to the challenges posed by traditional computing architectures in handling big data and AI demands, neuromorphic computing has emerged as a promising alternative inspired by the brain's efficiency. This study focuses on three-terminal synaptic transistors utilizing graphene and P(VDF-TrFE) to achieve dynamic reconfigurability between excitatory and inhibitory response modes, which are crucial for mimicking biological functions. The devices operate by applying different top gate spikes (±25 V and ±10 V) to modulate the polarization degree of P(VDF-TrFE), thereby regulating the carrier type and concentration in the graphene channel. This results in the effective realization of enhancement and inhibition processes in two neural-like states: excitatory and inhibitory modes, accompanied by good neural plasticity with paired-pulse facilitation and spike-time-dependent plasticity. With these features, the synaptic devices achieve brain-like memory enhancement and human-like perception functions, exhibiting excellent stability, durability over 1000 cycles, and a long retention period exceeding 10 years. Additionally, the performance of the artificial neural network is evaluated for handwritten digit recognition, achieving a high recognition accuracy of 92.28%. Our study showcases the development of highly stable, dynamically reconfigurable artificial synaptic transistors capable of emulating complex neural functions, providing a foundation for emerging neuromorphic computing systems and AI technologies.
Exploring low barrier quantum tunneling and structural planarity in 3-methylstyrene conformers: Insights from microwave spectroscopy
Authors: Jayasekara Thusitha S. , Miller Cadence , Marasinghe Dinesh , Carrillo Michael J. , Swann Mitchell , Tubergen Michael J. , Kleiner Isabelle , Gurusinghe Ranil M.
Published: January 2025

The first ground-state rotational spectrum of 3-methylstyrene (3MS) was measured by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy under supersonic jet-cooled conditions. Transitions were assigned for two conformers: cis-3MS and trans-3MS. In the cis conformer, the vinyl group is oriented toward the methyl group, while in the trans conformer, it is positioned away from the methyl. The energy difference between the two conformers was calculated to be only 2.1 cm−1, with the cis conformer having lower energy. Significant tunneling splitting, caused by the low-barrier internal rotation of the methyl group, was observed and analyzed using the XIAM and BELGI-Cs codes. The BELGI results show that the V3 barrier is 30.6688(87) cm−1 for the cis conformer and 11.0388(88) cm−1 for the trans conformer. The experimental rotational and torsional parameters are compared to their density functional theory counterparts. The planarity of the molecular geometry of cis- and trans-3MS is discussed, contributing to the long-standing topic of discussion about the planarity of styrene derivatives.
Calculating spectra by sequential filtering
Authors: Zhao Dongxiao , Aluie Hussein
Published: January 2025

We expand on the method of sequential filtering for calculating the spectra of inhomogeneous fields. Sadek and Aluie [Phys. Rev. Fluids 3, 124610 (2018)] showed that the filtering kernel has to have at least p vanishing moments to extract a power-law spectrum k−α with α<p+2 by low-pass filtering. Here, we show that sequential high-pass filtering allows for extracting steeper spectra with α<2p+3 using the same pth order kernel. For example, the spectrum of a field that is shallower than k−5 can be extracted by sequential high-pass filtering the field using any first-order kernel such as a Gaussian or top-hat. Finally, we demonstrate how the second-order structure function fails to capture spectral peaks because it cannot detect scaling that is too shallow.
Low-energy electron driven reactions in 2-bromo-5-nitrothiazole
Authors: Chen Jiakuan , Chakraborty Dipayan , Ončák Milan , Ptasinska Sylwia , Denifl Stephan
Published: January 2025

Thiazole derivatives are biologically relevant molecules, used also in pharmaceutical applications. Herein, we report results for electron attachment to 2-bromo-5-nitrothiazole (BNT) in the gas phase. Employing two crossed electron–molecule beam experiments, we determined the efficiency curves of various fragment anions as a function of the initial electron energy between about 0 and 10 eV as well as the emission angle and kinetic energy distributions of Br− and NO2− ions formed from a resonance near 4 eV. The experiments were supported by quantum chemical calculations, exploring possible dissociation pathways along with their reaction energies. We also compared the electron attachment characteristics of BNT with those of the native thiazole molecule by performing electron attachment experiments and calculations for this molecule as well. Compared to thiazole, which is primarily degraded only by electrons with kinetic energies between about 5 and 10 eV, BNT is susceptible to low-energy electrons near 0 eV with enhanced cross section for (dissociative) electron attachment. However, although BNT offers two localization sites with high electron affinity (Br and NO2 moieties), we do not find the corresponding anions as the dominant negatively charged species formed upon electron attachment. Instead, the reaction channels with an abstraction of Br and NO2 as neutral radicals prevail, accompanied by the opening of the thiazole ring due to the relatively weak C–S bond.
Enhanced precise therapy of ROS-sensitive dual-layer shell nanoparticles loading quercetin on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mice
Authors: Bai Yang , Jiang Danling , Wu Boda , Peng Jiao , Wang Ji , Chen Yuhui , Li Xi
Published: January 2025

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an intestinal condition, involving inflammatory response, apoptosis, and associated processes. As one of the traditional Chinese medicine treatments for UC, quercetin has received attention because it can attenuate inflammation. However, oral administration of quercetin does not perform well in colitis therapy. In this study, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive nanoparticles (Que@Gel-DA NPs) prepared by self-assembly and polymerization were proposed for the treatment of UC. Quercetin was encapsulated within a shell layer by the self-assembly of gelatin, followed by the polymerization of dopamine on the gelatin surface. Relative to the free form of quercetin, the dual-layer encapsulation enhanced the solubility and bioavailability of quercetin, achieved intragastric protection, and extended the resident time of quercetin in the gastrointestinal tract. Upon reaching the colon lesion, the dopamine shell underwent degradation in response to ROS, and the gelatin shell served to enhance biocompatibility and mitigate quercetin burst release. This resulted in controlled release of quercetin, which enabled precise therapy and exerted antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, Que@Gel-DA NPs significantly alleviated the UC symptoms in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC mouse model. This was evidenced by a significant increase in body weight, a reduction in occult blood in the feces, and a recovery of the crypt structure. The stained results indicated that Que@Gel-DA NPs attenuate inflammation by promoting the polarization of M2 macrophages to reduce apoptosis and modulate immunity. Therefore, Que@Gel-DA NPs, a ROS-sensitive nano-drug delivery system, represent a novel therapeutic approach for the clinical intervention of UC.
Optimization of phase field method for multiphase flows via neural network applications
Authors: Mao Changrui , Wu Jie , Zhang Tongwei
Published: January 2025

The phase field method (PFM) has emerged as a powerful tool for simulating multiphase flows. With its solid theoretical foundation, this method offers significant potential for further development and application. However, in many cases, interface dispersion can lead to inaccuracies in surface tension calculations, especially when dealing with large density ratio simulations. In this paper, we introduce an optimized PFM that includes profile-corrected, velocity-corrected, and flux-corrected techniques, along with a re-initialization step used in level set method. This method improves the performance of combined PFM corrections through neural networks and optimizes it via the re-initialization process. The present optimized PFM is first tested using the Rayleigh–Taylor instability, and then its performance is evaluated in the context of bubble rising, bubble merging, and falling droplet onto a liquid film. The results obtained show that the proposed method can effectively prevent interface dispersion in complex multiphase flows and capture the tiny interfacial structures.
Optimization and analysis of surface flashover triggered vacuum switch conduction delay time characteristics
Authors: Zhang Ming , Liao Minfu , Bu Liang , Lu Gang , Yu Longfei , Sun Yifan , Duan Xiongying
Published: January 2025

The conduction delay time is one of the main technical parameters of the surface flashover triggered vacuum switch (STVS). Detailed research and optimization of conduction delay time characteristics are necessary for the development of high-performance STVS. In this paper, the conduction performance of STVS with different electrode structures and operating parameters is investigated in detail. Based on the analysis of the conduction process, the factors affecting the STVS conduction delay time are discussed. The experimental platform is built by using a detachable vacuum chamber, and the conduction delay time characteristics of STVS are compared under different electrode structures and operating parameters. This research analyzes and discusses the reasons for the influence of electrode structures and operating parameters on conduction delay time. The experimental results show that the structure with the trigger gap flashover surface parallel to the cathode surface has a better conduction delay time than the structure with both perpendicular to each other. Both reducing the trigger electrode embedment depth and extending the trigger gap flashover surface length can optimize the conduction delay time of STVS. However, increasing the trigger gap flashover surface length only reduces the conduction delay time at the initial stage of STVS operation. The shorter the main gap distance, the smaller the conduction delay time of the STVS. In addition, increasing the trigger current and operating voltage can diminish the conduction delay time of STVS.
The aquatic plant communities of the Pilbara region of Western Australia: a region of arid zone wetland diversity
Authors: Lyons Michael N. , Mickle David A. , Casanova Michelle T.
Published: January 2025

Context Decision making in conservation depends on robust biodiversity data. Well-designed systematic and rigorous surveys provide consistent and taxonomically broad datasets needed for conservation planning. This is important in areas such as the Pilbara of Western Australia with extensive mining and pastoralism. The collection of biodiversity data for aquatic plants represents a major contribution to assist in conservation planning and management of the region’s wetlands and rivers. Aims We documented the diversity and major patterns in the aquatic flora of Pilbara wetlands and rivers, to provide data to inform conservation planning and manage impacts of major land uses such as mining and pastoralism. Methods We undertook a systematic quadrat-based survey of the aquatic flora of 98 Pilbara wetlands and rivers. The full range of wetland types was sampled. Composition of charophytes and vascular aquatic plant communities were analysed against wetland permanence and water body type. Key results A diverse aquatic flora with several novel taxa was discovered. Charophytes were a major component of the aquatic flora. Floristic composition was strongly related to wetland type and water permanence with permanent sites showing higher richness. Less permanent sites captured a distinct component of the Pilbara aquatic flora. Conclusions The aquatic flora of the Pilbara represents a significant component of the region’s biodiversity. Patterning was concordant with previous studies of the riparian plant communities and aquatic invertebrates of the region providing synergies in reserve system design and management efforts. Implications High quality spatial biodiversity data particularly for poorly surveyed regions or biotic groups can provide major insights critical for effective conservation planning and management.
PTPN23-dependent activation of PI3KC2α is a therapeutic vulnerability of BRAF-mutant cancers
Authors: He Ying , Li Wei , Zhang Meiling , Wang Hui , Lin Peilu , Yu Ying , Huang Bin , Hao Meng , He Jianuo , Kong Weiyao , Luo Dan , Xu Tengteng , Wang Jiaqi , Huang Ying , Zhao Qinwen , Liu Ying , Zhang Jie , Nian Yong , Zhang Lei , Zhu Bo , Yin Chengqian
Published: January 2025

BRAF mutations drive initiation and progression of various tumors. While BRAF inhibitors are effective in BRAF-mutant melanoma patients, intrinsic or acquired resistance to these therapies is common. Here, we identify non–receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase 23 (PTPN23) as an alternative effective target in BRAF-mutant cancer cells. Silencing PTPN23 selectively kills BRAF-mutant melanoma cells but not those with wild-type BRAF. Mechanistically, PTPN23, a catalytically inactive phosphatase, intriguingly induces WNK3-mediated phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase class II alpha (PI3KC2α) at serine 329, enhancing its catalytic activity. This activation promotes production of PI(3,4)P2 and subsequent AKT2 activation at endosomes to support cell survival. Genetic or pharmacological targeting of the PTPN23-PI3KC2α-AKT2 signaling axis, alone or in combination with BRAF inhibitors, effectively inhibits the growth of BRAF-mutant melanoma and other cancers in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate that melanocyte-specific knockout of PTPN23 significantly inhibits BRAFV600E-driven melanomagenesis. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that targeting PTPN23/PI3KC2α offers a new and viable therapeutic strategy for BRAF-mutant cancers.
Two-color solitons under conditions of mismatches of the phase and group velocities
Authors: Sazonov S V
Published: January 2025

New soliton-like solutions of equations describing the pulsed modes of generation of the second harmonics accounting for mismatches of phase and group velocities are obtained. These solutions have the form of both bright and dark solitons. In both cases there are restrictions on the soliton temporal durations. These restrictions are determined by the mismatches of phase and group velocities and look different for the bright and dark solitons.
Pedestrian Collision and Future Work in the Restricted Indoor Space: A State-of-the-art Review on Influencing Factors, Behaviors and Methods
Authors: Tao Zhenxiang , Li Ying , Huang Xubo , Wang Yisen , Yang Rui , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2025

Emergency evacuation involves rapidly transferring of individuals from hazardous areas, where limited time and space can lead to collisions. Although previous researchers have studied the collision behavior of evacuees, there is a lack of systematic summary. This work uses CiteSpace visualization software to analyze the keywords in evacuation collision literature. Based on the frequency of keyword occurrence, we determine the research trend, classify the keywords, and analyze and summarize their influencing factors, behavioral characteristics, and research methods. Obviously, the evacuation environment and emergency guidance directly affect individual behavior and emotions, mainly affecting gait adjustment and decision-making processes, which in turn determine evacuation efficiency and collision risk. In the future, emphasis should be placed on post-collision psychological activities, coping strategies, and the application of virtual and mixed reality technologies to observe the interaction between individuals and the environment and strengthen evacuation research.
New interaction solutions in Mel’nikov equation obtained by modulating the phase shift
Authors: Chen Mi , Wang Zhen
Published: January 2025

The degradations and nonlinear interactions of a two-breather solution of Mel’nikov equation are analyzed. By modulating the phase shift and limit method, we prove that in different regions near the non-singular boundaries, there are four kinds of solutions with repulsive interaction or attractive interaction in addition to the two-breather solution.they exhibit repulsive interactions They are the interaction solution between soliton and breather, the two-soliton solution and the two-breather solution with small amplitude and they exhibit repulsive interactions respectively. The two-breather solution with small amplitude, it exhibits attractive interaction. Interestingly, a new breather acts as a messenger to transfer energy during the interaction between two breather solutions with small amplitudes.
Enhancing Neural Network Robustness: Laser Fault Injection Resistance in 55 nm SRAM for Space Applications
Authors: Liu Qing , Cheng Haomiao , Yao Xiang , Zhang Zhengxuan , Hu Zhiyuan , Bi Dawei
Published: January 2025

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with satellite technology is ushering in a new era of space exploration, with small satellites playing a pivotal role in advancing this field. However, the deployment of machine learning (ML) models in space faces distinct challenges, such as Single Event Upsets (SEUs), which are triggered by space radiation and can corrupt the outputs of neural networks. To defend against this threat, we investigate laser-based fault injection techniques on 55nm SRAM cells, aiming to explore the impact of SEUs on neural network performance. In this paper, we propose a novel solution in the form of Bin-DNCNN, a binary neural network (BNN)-based model that significantly enhances robustness to radiation-induced faults. We conduct experiments to evaluate the denoising effectiveness of different neural network architectures, comparing their resilience to weight errors before and after fault injections. Our experimental results demonstrate that binary neural networks (BNNs) exhibit superior robustness to weight errors compared to traditional deep neural networks (DNNs), making them a promising candidate for spaceborne AI applications.
Measurements of decay branching fractions of the Higgs boson to hadronic final states at the CEPC
Authors: Ma Xiaotian , Wu Zuofei , Wu Jinfei , Huang Yanping , Li Gang 李刚 , RUAN Manqi , Lucio Alves Fabio , Jin Shan 金山
Published: January 2025

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large-scale particle accelerator designed to collide electrons and positrons at high energies. One of the primary goals of the CEPC is to achieve high-precision measurements of the properties of the Higgs boson, facilitated by the large number of Higgs bosons that can be produced with significantly low contamination. The measurements of Higgs boson branching fractions into bb/cc/gg and tautau/WW*/ZZ*, where the W or Z bosons decay hadronically, are presented in the context of the CEPC experiment, assuming a scenario with 5600 fb-1 of collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 240 GeV. In this study the Higgs bosons are produced in association with a Z boson, with the Z boson decaying into a pair of muons (μ+μ-), which have high efficiency and high resolution. In order to separate all decay channels simultaneously with high accuracy, the Particle Flow Network (PFN), a graph-based machine learning model, is considered. The precise classification provided by the PFN is employed in measuring the branching fractions using the migration matrix method, which accurately corrects for detector effects in each decay channel. The statistical uncertainty of the measured branching ratio is estimated to be 0.55% in H → bb final state, and approximately 1.5%-16% in H → cc/gg/tautau/WW*/ZZ* final states. In addition, the main sources of systematic uncertainties to the measurement of the branching fractions are discussed. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
FLAXE, a SoC readout ASIC for electromagnetic calorimeter at LUXE experiment
Authors: Moroń Jakub , Firlej Mirosław , Fiutowski Tomasz , Idzik Marek , Świentek Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

The design and qualification results of a System on Chip (SoC) Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), called FLAXE, fabricated in 130 nm CMOS technology are presented. FLAXE is a readout ASIC designed for ECAL-p, a compact electromagnetic calorimeter being a part of a detector system for Laser Und XFEL Experiment (LUXE) proposed at DESY, Hamburg, as an extension to the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facility. ECAL-p is a sampling calorimeter with a very compact design targeting small Molière radius, comprising 16 (up to 20) layers composed of 3.5 mm (1 X0) thick tungsten absorber plates interspersed with silicon sensors. Sensor signal is read and shaped by the analogue readout channel, comprising a Charge Sensitive Amplifier (CSA) and a fully differential CR-RC shaper with 50 ns peaking time, which output is digitized in each channel by a 10-bit Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). Data from ADC are collected into the ASIC internal memory and read out by the Data Acquisition (DAQ) system between Bunch Crossings (BXs). Around 1000 ASICs have been fabricated and a first batch of 142 ASICs has been packaged and tested. The results of the qualification procedure, as well as measurement result of a single ASIC are presented and discussed.
Machine learning models for single-particle classification with Timepix 3 detector
Authors: Sykorova K. , Buk Z. , Cepek M. , Granja C. , Oancea C. , Marek L.
Published: January 2025

Semiconductor hybrid pixel detectors with Timepix 3 chips developed by Medipix collaboration at CERN can simultaneously measure deposited energy and time of arrival of individual particle hits in all 256 × 256 pixels with 55 μm pitch size. Leveraging the single-particle detection sensitivity of these chips, there is a potential to develop algorithms for classifying detected single particles into distinct categories corresponding to different particle types. In this study, various machine learning models are introduced, such as recurrent and feedforward neural networks or gradient boosted decision trees, designed to facilitate the classification of single particle events into distinct classes associated to electrons & photons, alpha particles, heavy nuclei (except alpha particles), low energy protons (E ≲ 100 MeV) and high energy protons (E ≳ 100 MeV). All models achieve outcomes with the true positive rate nearing 100% across all classes. The Gaussian Mixture unsupervised machine learning technique is used to differentiate between electron and photon radiation components. The model effectively distinguished between high-energy electrons and low-energy photons, achieving performance comparable to conventionally used heuristic decision trees. All models are trained and tested on an extensive database of experimental data obtained from controlled radiation source experiments.
Preliminary evaluation of alloying significance of neutron target for high brilliance neutron source
Authors: Zhang T.H. , Guo Z.P. , Ge Y.L. , Zhou B.W. , Ma W. , Zou L.P. , Lu L. , Yang Z. , Long J.D.
Published: January 2025

Accelerator-based neutron sources are critical infrastructures in today's scientific research and industrial fields, with the neutron source target being the key component determining the performance of the neutron source. Traditional accelerator neutron source targets typically use homogeneous elemental materials with high neutron yield as the target material. These materials face challenges in terms of operational lifespan under high-temperature and high-radiation environments. The design of next-generation high brilliance neutron sources demands target materials with better thermal conductivity, longer irradiation lifespan, and superior corrosion resistance. Tungsten has its high neutron yield, and tungsten alloys exhibit these advantageous properties. This paper employs the Monte Carlo method to calculate neutron yield, radioactivity and radiation damage of two common tungsten alloys, W-TiC and W-ZrC. The results indicate that, with minor doping to improve mechanical properties and manufacturability, the performance of tungsten alloys can also meet the requirements for high-brilliance neutron targets, provide reference for the development of the next generation neutron target.
Radon emanation rate measurements using liquid scintillation counting
Authors: Sazzad A.B.M.R. , Acharya P. , Back P. , Busenitz J. , Chernyak D. , Meng Y. , Piepke A. , Rhyne C.A. , Tsang R.
Published: January 2025

This article describes a radon emanation measurement
technique using liquid scintillator counting. A model for radon
loading and transport is described, along with its
calibration. Detector background and blank have been studied and
quantified. The Minimal detectable activity has been determined for
the counting setup using a toy Monte Carlo simulation. The
measurement technique is validated using a butyl rubber sample
previously used for cross-calibration between different radon
counting facilities.
NIOS II soft-core processor and ethernet controller solution for RPC-DAQ in INO ICAL
Authors: Elangovan Yuvaraj , Saraf Mandar , Satyanarayana B. , Upadhya S.S. , Panyam Nagaraj , Shinde Ravindra , Majumder Gobinda , Sil D. , Pathaleswar  , Thoi Thoi S. , Ravindran K.C.
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces a high-performance Soft-Core Processor
based data acquisition system designed for handling Resistive Plate
Chambers (RPCs). The DAQ consist of FPGA-based hardware equipped
with Soft-Core Processor and embedded hardwired Ethernet controllers
named RPC-DAQ, offering a versatile and fast network-enabled data
acquisition solution. A soft processor, NIOS, is instantiated within
an Intel Cyclone IV FPGA, overseeing control, communication, and
data transfer with remote processing units. These integrated RPC-DAQ
units, in substantial numbers, connect to a limited set of high-end
processing units via LAN switches. This paper provides a detailed
account of the software implementation scheme for the NIOS processor
in the RPC-DAQ system. A remarkable 28,800 RPC-DAQ units will be
deployed in proximity to the RPCs, serving the proposed INO-ICAL
experiment in Theni-Madurai, Tamil Nadu. The network-enabled RPC-DAQ
units controlled by the soft processor offloads FPGA tasks including
event data acquisition, periodic health monitoring of RPCs, command
interfaces, high voltage control, and data transfer to back-end data
concentrators. Communication and data transfer are executed
efficiently via TCP and UDP protocols over a 100 Mbps Ethernet
interface. This system provides innovative solutions to improve data
acquisition and control in large-scale scientific experiments.
A setup for measuring the scintillation parameters of liquid organic scintillators
Authors: Sidorenkov A. , Budzinskaya A. , Fazliakhmetov A. , Lukanov A. , Lubsandorzhiev B. , Lubsandorzhiev S. , Nanzanov D. , Ushakov N. , Voronin D.
Published: January 2025

Setups have been developed and constructed to study the main
scintillation properties, such as light yield and emission kinetics,
of liquid organic scintillators used in neutrino physics and
astroparticle physics experiments. The measurement results of the
main characteristics of these setups are presented in this work.
7th and Florida
Authors: Martin Allie
Published: January 2025

This chapter presents a soundscape analysis of 7th Street and Florida Avenue Northwest, the intersection in Shaw where the author initially set out to conduct fieldwork. This intersection is famous in Washington, DC because of Central Communications, a MetroPCS cell phone store that plays go-go music into the street during business hours. The music has caused tension in the intersection as well as welcomed a great deal of resistance and city-wide conversations about gentrification and Black cultural preservation. This chapter outlines the author’s methodology of passive acoustic recording and analysis. For nine months in 2018, the author had two recorders installed on rooftops at the intersection that recorded one minute out of every five, all day every day, resulting in 288 recordings per recorder for each day. From this data, she tracked patterns among key instances of tension within the soundscape, such as sirens, go-go music, and traffic.
Software solution for integration of frozen section quality assurance into daily practice
Authors: Gibson Joanna A , Mutnick Neil , Gershkovich Peter , Sinard John
Published: January 2025

Objective

Diagnoses rendered using the frozen section (FS) technique during surgical procedures are used to guide intraoperative decisions. Therefore, diagnostic FS errors have the potential to affect patient safety and quality of care. Diagnostic FS errors arise due to both technical and interpretative factors and present a challenge to surgical pathology laboratories to recognize, document, and manage in a timely fashion. Thus, there is a need to monitor discrepancies between FS and permanent diagnoses and effectively communicate with the clinical teams when an error is discovered to ensure an opportunity for timely interventions, if clinically indicated.

Methods

Our FS practice is complex, with many contributing variables, such as a partially generalized FS pathology practice model among pathology faculty and/or surgeons with specific subspecialty expertise and different physical locations of FS facilities. We implemented a comprehensive frozen section quality assurance (FSQA) program using custom software solutions aimed at improving patient safety by monitoring recognition, increasing documentation, and facilitating communication in cases where there is a discordance between intraoperative and permanent diagnoses.

Results

Our FSQA program allows for categorizing frozen section discrepancies according to the source of error, such as interpretive vs technical errors, to understand how errors arise and to develop appropriate mitigation strategies for reducing errors.

Conclusions

Overall, our intervention to improve FSQA has engaged pathology faculty in a uniform and systematic manner, and our data show that our new FSQA program led to a markedly shortened time interval of FSQA, allowing for timely management and resolution of errors.
Surgical skills education and training in fetoscopy and fetal surgery
Authors: Sánchez Margallo F M , Pires Louça L C , Abellán Rubio E , Vuletín F , Galindo A , Arévalo S , Peiró J L
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Surgical education must constantly evolve to align with the most current methods of surgical practice. This paper presents our experience organizing ten international editions of a training course in fetoscopic surgery. We have developed various inanimate training models and a sheep-animal model for fetal surgery training and research, which are both practical and reproducible.

Methods

Various practices and surgical sessions are developed during training: Knowledge of sheep anatomy and physiology as a model of pregnancy, introduction to basic fetoscopy equipment, exploration of the uterine cavity, use of the Nd-YAG laser for photocoagulation of placental vessels, resolution of fetal and amniotic constriction bands, and endoscopic balloon tracheal occlusion (for the treatment of severe CDH).

Results

Fetoscopic surgery is technically challenging, and learning new skills in a clinical setting can be risky. Successful performance requires acquiring a new set of technical skills and familiarity with specific surgical procedures. Understanding how to use the fetoscope, learning intrauterine vessel orientation, and becoming familiar with laser coagulation before operating on patients can reduce surgical complications. This training can shorten the learning curve for new surgeons and reinforce practice among experts as fundamental skills are developed using realistic tissue models and surgical simulators.

Conclusion

The sequential skill acquisition programme using a simulator and animal model is transferable to human patients and shortens the learning curve for new specialists, although expert consultation is recommended in the initial phase to minimize potential complications.
Laparoscopic ureteral obstruction modelling for training purposes
Authors: Salas Guerra J , Sánchez Rumbo C , González Portillo M R , Durán Rey D , Sánchez Margallo F M
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Pyeloplasty is a surgical technique used to treat hydronephrosis, which is caused by ureteral stenosis or obstruction. It is essential for healthcare professionals to undergo training courses to acquire and strengthen their skills in laparoscopic surgery, thus providing patients with the benefits of minimally invasive procedures. The aim of this study is to create experimental models of ureteral obstruction and subsequently use them to train healthcare professionals in the surgical technique of pyeloplasty.

Methods

Sixteen Large White swine, each weighing 35±5 kg, were used as experimental models. Surgery was performed with the animals positioned in right lateral decubitus via a laparoscopic approach. Once the ureter was located, it was dissected proximally to the kidney, and obstruction was created using a 2/0 non-absorbable silk ligature.

Results

Ten days after surgery, all models had survived, and 14 of the 16 models exhibited hydronephrosis and renal pelvis dilatation prior to obstruction by silk ligation.

Conclusion

Ureteral stricture generated by silk ligation is an effective method for creating experimental models of ureteral obstruction. Surgical training with these models enables healthcare professionals to develop the skills necessary to master minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as pyeloplasty.
Therapeutic potential of s-cdcs in myocardial infarction: interactions with standard drugs
Authors: Pulido Fresneda M , de Pedro M Á , Álvarez V , Marchena A M , Sánchez-Margallo F M , López E , Crisóstomo Ayala V , Báez Díaz C
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading global cause of mortality and is commonly treated with Captopril, Spironolactone, and Bisoprolol. Emerging therapies, such as the secretome derived from cardiosphere-derived cells (S-CDCs), have shown potential in reducing MI scar size. This study aims to evaluate the potential therapeutic implications of S-CDCs in MI treatment, particularly in relation to the aforementioned standard drugs.

Methods

CDCs (n = 4) were isolated from cardiac explants of Large White pigs and cultured in DMEM with 1% ITS and antibiotics for four days. The conditioned medium was centrifuged and ultrafiltered (3 kDa) to obtain the S-CDCs. The content of S-CDCs, including miRNAs and genes, was analysed using transcriptomic and qPCR techniques. Bioinformatics tools were used to establish the interaction network (IN) of Captopril, Bisoprolol, and Spironolactone with their target genes through the String app within Cytoscape. miRTargetLink 2.0 was used to predict miRNA-gene interactions, and FunRich analysed the gene network. Finally, the content of S-CDCs was compared with previously identified miRNAs and genes, and an interaction network was generated using Cytoscape.

Results

Our findings show that S-CDCs contain six miRNAs that interact with target genes of Captopril and Spironolactone. Additionally, S-CDCs harbor genes that interact with those affected by the drugs, with a predominant influence from Spironolactone.

Conclusion

S-CDCs may mimic the effects of Captopril and Spironolactone, potentially simplifying MI treatment. However, further studies are necessary to validate these findings.
Exercise therapy facilitates neural remodeling and functional recovery post-spinal cord injury via PKA/CREB signaling pathway modulation in rats
Authors: Ying Xinwang , Xie Qingfeng , Zhao Yanfang , Shen Jiamen , Huang Junqing , Feng Zhiyi , Chu Liuxi , Xu Junpeng , Jiang Dawei , Wu Ping , Zuo Yanming , Li Shengcun , Jiang Chang , Li Xiaokun , Wang Zhouguang
Published: January 2025

Background

Neuronal structure is disrupted after spinal cord injury (SCI), causing functional impairment. The effectiveness of exercise therapy (ET) in clinical settings for nerve remodeling post-SCI and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the effects and related mechanisms of ET on nerve remodeling in SCI rats.

Methods

We randomly assigned rats to various groups: sham-operated group, sham-operated + ET, SCI alone, SCI + H89, SCI + ET, and SCI + ET + H89. Techniques including motor-evoked potential (MEP), video capture and analysis, the Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) scale, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, glycine silver staining, immunofluorescence, and Golgi staining were utilized to assess signal conduction capabilities, neurological deficits, hindlimb performance, protein expression levels, neuron ultrastructure, and tissue morphology. H89—an inhibitor that targets the protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding (CREB) signaling pathway—was employed to investigate molecular mechanisms.

Results

This study found that ET can reduce neuronal damage in rats with SCI, protect residual tissue, promote the remodeling of motor neurons, neurofilaments, dendrites/axons, synapses, and myelin sheaths, reorganize neural circuits, and promote motor function recovery. In terms of mechanism, ET mainly works by mediating the PKA/CREB signaling pathway in neurons.

Conclusions

Our findings indicated that: (1) ET counteracted the H89-induced suppression of the PKA/CREB signaling pathway following SCI; (2) ET significantly alleviated neuronal injury and improved motor dysfunction; (3) ET facilitated neuronal regeneration by mediating the PKA/CREB signaling pathway; (4) ET enhanced synaptic and dendritic spine plasticity, as well as myelin sheath remodeling, post-SCI through the PKA/CREB signaling pathway.
Elucidating the dual roles of apoptosis and necroptosis in diabetic wound healing: implications for therapeutic intervention
Authors: Wu Xingqian , Gu Rifang , Tang Ming , Mu Xingrui , He Wenjie , Nie Xuqiang
Published: January 2025

Wound healing is a complex and multistep biological process that involves the cooperation of various cell types. Programmed cell death, including apoptosis and necrotizing apoptosis, plays a crucial role in this process. Apoptosis, a controlled and orderly programmed cell death regulated by genes, helps eliminate unnecessary or abnormal cells and maintain internal environmental stability. It also regulates various cell functions and contributes to the development of many diseases. In wound healing, programmed cell death is essential for removing inflammatory cells and forming scars. On the other hand, necroptosis, another form of programmed cell death, has not been thoroughly investigated regarding its role in wound healing. This review explores the changes and apoptosis of specific cell groups during wound healing after an injury and delves into the potential underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, it briefly discusses the possible mechanisms linking wound inflammation and fibrosis to apoptosis in wound healing. By understanding the relationship between apoptosis and wound healing and investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in apoptosis regulation, new strategies for the clinical treatment of wound healing may be discovered.
Digital whiteboards: engaging with active learning
Authors: Valenzuela Jared
Published: January 2025

Student boredom presents a significant challenge for educators, particularly in light of today’s rapid technological advancements, where maintaining engagement can be challenging. Although many teachers have adapted their strategies to foster more active involvement, some continue to struggle with integrating innovative educational approaches. Feedback from students often reports that lessons are perceived as uninteresting and not engaging. To address this issue, this article proposes a potential solution by advocating the use of digital whiteboards combined with active learning principles to promote a more dynamic and interactive social learning climate which boosts learner engagement.
Live-imaging sonar use in Texas crappie fisheries: Examining population-level responses due to potential increases in exploitation
Authors: Smith David R , Bennett Daniel L , Norman Jacob D , Allen Micheal S
Published: January 2025

The use of live-imaging sonar (LIS) has surged in popularity among anglers in recent years, especially those targeting crappie Pomoxis spp. With LIS, anglers have perceived an increase in catchability of crappie and concerns have been raised about the resilience of crappie populations. As an attempt to provide information in response to these concerns, our study addressed the potential for LIS to increase angler catch rates and exploitation rates, with implications for potential overfishing. Using creel survey data collected on three regionally significant crappie fisheries, we subset creel estimations by LIS use (i.e., users and nonusers) for anglers targeting crappie. Users caught and harvested crappie at significantly higher rates than nonusers. Results suggest that LIS use has the potential to increase overall exploitation rates among the study reservoirs. Although exploitation may increase, we found that the potential for overfishing was minimal, given fishing mortality estimates as high as 79% and a 254-mm minimum length limit. Our study provides a baseline evaluation of current LIS use within popular crappie fisheries while showcasing how increasing fishing mortality could affect the sustainability of crappie populations across a range of growth and exploitation scenarios.
Lack of sex bias in the referral letters for patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a mixed methods evaluation
Authors: Samnani Sunil , Nasser Yasmin , Girn Gurprit , Nadeem Huneza , Targownik Laura , Ruzycki Shannon M
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience greater delays and misdiagnosis than men. Data from other conditions suggest that sex and/or gender bias in the process of referral to speciality care may contribute.

Methods

We undertook a mixed methods analysis of 120 referral letters to gastroenterology for people ultimately diagnosed with IBD in Calgary, Alberta. Letters were masked for patient sex and gender prior to analysis. Gastroenterologists who were masked to the objective of the study rated the quality of referral letters and triaged letters for urgency. Two study team members performed a Framework analysis to identify agentic (masculine) and commensal (feminine) adjectives, mentions of caregiving and work roles, and psychosocial history. After analysis, letters were unmasked and findings were compared by patient sex.

Results

There were 116 referral letters included in the analysis (n = 59, 50.9% for male patients). There were no differences in letter quality or triage urgency between male and female patients (median quality 4 [IQR 4-7] and 5 out of 10 [IQR 4-6], respectively, higher scores represent better quality; P = .37, and P = .44 for triage category). There was no difference in the use of adjectives and mention of caregiving or work roles, psychiatric history, or social history between letters for female and male patients.

Conclusions

This mixed methods analysis identified no difference in referral letter language, contents, or quality for female and male patients with IBD. Masked letters were triaged similarly to unmasked letters, suggesting an absence of sex and/or gender bias in the gastroenterology triaging process in our setting.
Filarial parasite infection prevalence in field-caught mosquitoes from Connecticut, United States
Authors: Bagger Meredith S , Hagadorn Kelly A , Misencik Michael J , Arent Skylar , Povelones Michael , McMillan Joseph R , Gloria-Soria Andrea
Published: January 2025

Filarial nematodes are parasitic roundworms transmitted by mosquitoes that can cause morbidity and mortality for their human and animal hosts. The filariae community, specifically infection prevalence of heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) (Leidy), and its primary mosquito vector species, has not been described in Connecticut since 1977. In light of the recent invasion and establishment of an important filariasis vector, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) (Skuse), we used molecular-based sequencing methods to identify filarial species infecting field-caught mosquitoes in Connecticut, United States. The filarial parasites identified include D. immitis, Aproctella sp., and Setaria sp. (Filarioidea: Setariidae). The total minimum infection rate for D. immitis for all mosquito species tested in 2020 was 0.97 [0.56 to 1.56] and in 2021 was 1.48 [0.93 to 2.24]. Aedes albopictus had the highest infection prevalence compared to other species during both years. We determined a low but persistent mosquito infection prevalence for D. immitis and suggest that Ae. albopictus is likely to be the primary vector in the region. Aproctella sp. and Setaria sp. had lower burdens compared to D. immitis. Persistent mosquito infection with filarial parasites, particularly in invasive species, poses a risk to veterinary and public health.