bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of intelligence information in criminal procedure
Authors: Jimeno-Bulnes Mar
Published: June 2017

Intelligence information that law-enforcement authorities may present as evidence in criminal proceedings is a questionable procedure. Intelligence reports are usually preventive and proactive measures for internal security and their discussion is important, in so far as they may be used as evidence and may have been acquired before the trial and even the prosecution phase. From the standpoint of defence rights, the use of such information undoubtedly calls for a review of criminal procedural principles; the accused and counsel cannot challenge such intelligence reports as the sources are secret and their introduction in a criminal proceeding circumvents the observance of the ordinary rules of criminal procedure. Despite the absolute absence of specific guidelines on national ordinary judicial procedure for the assessment of such intelligence information in Spain, a practical working arrangement has nevertheless evolved in the field. In this paper, the example of the Spanish panorama is described and some thoughts are advanced on a potential European approach. The concept of intelligence, whether such a concept is clearly identified in legal terms at a European and national level, as well as the practical ramifications of intelligence information used in criminal procedure with its consequences for the accused are all examined in the paper. The legal basis for the submission of such evidence both in Spanish legislation and in the judicial practice of the Spanish Supreme Court are also presented. The challenge is to ensure that the nature of such sensitive information and its assessment as evidence is at all times compatible with the observance of fundamental rights and, most especially, the procedural guarantees of the defendant.
Outcome of bone recycling using liquid nitrogen as bone reconstruction procedure in malignant and recurrent benign aggressive bone tumour of distal tibia: A report of four cases
Authors: Gede Eka Wiratnaya I , Ida Ayu Arrisna Artha , Setiawan I GN Yudhi , Aryana IGN Wien , I Ketut Suyasa , I Ketut Siki Kawiyana , Putu Astawa
Published: June 2017

Amputation still considered as primary choice of malignancy treatment in distal tibia. Bone recycling with liquid nitrogen for reconstruction following resection of malignant bone tumours offers many advantages. We presented four patients with osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, adamantinoma and recurrent giant cell tumour over distal tibia. All of the patients underwent wide excision and bone recycling using liquid nitrogen as bone reconstruction. The mean functional Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was 75% with no infection and local recurrent. The reconstruction provides good local control and functional outcome.
The Influence of Incision Type on Patient Satisfaction After Plate Fixation of Clavicle Fractures
Authors: Shukla Dave R. , Rubenstein William J. , Barnes Leslie A. , Klion Mark J. , Gladstone James N. , Kim Jaehon M. , Cleeman Edmond , Forsh David A. , Parsons Bradford O.
Published: June 2017

Background:

Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the clavicle is a common procedure that has been shown to have improved outcomes over nonoperative treatment. Several incisions can be used to approach clavicle fractures, the decision of which is variable among surgeons.

Purpose:

To compare patient satisfaction and subjective outcomes between patients with a longitudinal incision versus those with a necklace incision for the treatment of diaphyseal clavicle fractures.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Thirty-six patients with a diaphyseal clavicle fracture (Orthopaedic Trauma Association type 15-B) were treated by 1 of 7 orthopaedic surgeons. The intervention was ORIF with anatomic contoured plates. Patients were divided into a necklace incision group and a longitudinal incision group depending on the surgical approach used. Medical records were reviewed, and participants completed an online survey with questions related to pain, numbness, scar appearance, and satisfaction. Function was assessed using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score. Statistical significance was determined with P < .05.

Results:

There were 16 patients in the necklace incision group and 20 in the longitudinal incision group. Patients in the necklace incision group were significantly more satisfied with the appearance of their scars ( P = .01), which correlated with overall satisfaction ( P = .05). There were no differences in overall satisfaction, pain, numbness, or reoperation rates for hardware removal between the necklace (6%) and longitudinal groups (15%).

Conclusion:

Patients undergoing clavicle ORIF with a necklace incision are more satisfied with their scar appearance than those with a longitudinal incision. The overall satisfaction, rate of numbness, and plate removal were similar in both groups.
Continuity versus English Influence in the West African Lexicon of Gullah
Authors: Klein Thomas B.
Published: June 2017

This article argues that we must revisit the African vocabulary of Gullah presented by Lorenzo Turner's 1949 Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect to uncover phonological patterns not discussed in the original source and to expand coverage to segmental, syllabic, and prosodic structure. Salikoko Mufwene has argued that English phonology dominates the West African personal names that comprise more than half of Turner's classic work, yet, as argued here, significant West African influences persist in Gullah, as well. Phonological patterns from Turner's West African material correspond to those of Gullah lexemes. Distribution of the palatal nasal, the absence of [ə] and [ʌ], and the inventory of syllable types occur in Gullah as unaltered Africanisms. Adjacent vocoids, nasal + obstruent sequences, labio-velar plosives, nasal vowels, and word prosody appear as partially restructured. African words used in conversation are shown to exhibit processes not found in the personal names. The high level of linguistic consciousness for personal names makes it likely that the maintenance of West African phonology is an act of sociolinguistic identity.
Unstressedbeen: Past and Present in African American English
Authors: Spears Arthur K.
Published: June 2017

Unstressed bin is the African American English (AAE) verbal form occurring in sentences such as I bin paid that bill last week ‘I paid that bill last week’. Contrary to what has been claimed in much of the literature, unstressed bin does exist in the grammars of some contemporary AAE varieties. Unstressed bin occurs in many clausal environments where it can be mistaken for stressed bin, which is not always stressed, and the past participle been, which in many English varieties, AAE and other, may occur with the preceding form of the auxiliary have deleted, as in I Ø been at their house many times ‘I've been at their house many times’. Complicating matters is unstressed bin's occurrence in the homophonous I bin at their house many times ‘I was at their house many times’ and ‘I've been at their house many times’. The concept merging labels this process, whereby AAE forms such as bin occur in identical syntactic environments with homophonous but grammatically distinct forms, creating a type of grammatical camouflage. More important, merging is part of a larger process of mainstreaming, whereby one language variety, AAE in this case, converges qualitatively and quantitatively over time toward a sociopolitically dominant language variety or cluster thereof. The notion of mainstreaming avoids problems with the notion often used in creole studies, decreolization, which can obscure fundamental events in the genesis and evolution of AAE. Recognition of the grammatical status of unstressed bin, along with the consideration of other heretofore undiscussed or little discussed AAE forms with creole language counterparts, prompts a call for revisiting the question of whether AAE may have U.S. mainland creole origins.
Smith Island English: Past, Present, and Future—and What Does It Tell Us about the Regional, Temporal, and Social Patterning of Language Variation and Change?
Authors: Schilling Natalie
Published: June 2017

This article presents results of apparent- and real-time study of dialect variation and change in Smith Island, a small community in Maryland's Chesapeake Bay characterized by a dwindling population and increasing contact with mainlanders. Data come from an original apparent-time study gathered in 1985, a restudy conducted in 2000, and an ongoing restudy begun in 2015. Analysis methods include quantitative sociolinguistic analysis of select features in the two previous studies, acoustic phonetic analysis of the vowel space of individuals in the current study, and holistic observations regarding the course of dialect change in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Key sociolinguistic issues addressed include the nature of the phonological systems of small, rural communities at the periphery of larger dialect areas; possible pathways of dialect change in endangerment situations; and the role of the social meanings of language varieties and variants in shaping the course of language change in the face of increasing cultural and linguistic contact.
Experiencing Narratives: Default and Vivid Modes of Visualization
Authors: Brosch Renate
Published: June 2017

This article deals with the phenomenology of reading narrative fictions, in particular with the production of mental imagery in the process of reading. Because readers differ in their capacities to visualize, this article proposes a distinction between default visualization and vivid images, a difference experienced by readers regardless of whether they are prone to more or less visual imagining. It argues that the default mode of visualization is unlike actual perception. It is indistinct, transient, and lacking in saturation and memorability, since it relies on cultural schemata and prototypes for efficient processing of the text. These indeterminacies do not, however, disturb readers or cause dissonance. Rather, they are advantageous, as they allow the constant accommodation of new incoming facts. In contrast to what is assumed by traditional reader response theories, gaps left in default visualization do not for the most part need filling in. At certain stages in the reading process, however, narrative texts do trigger a kind of vivid imagery that is akin to actual perception. Based on recent neuroscientific experiments, this article suggests that these highlighted and especially vivid images occur when fictional acts of seeing force readers to shift from action-oriented visualization to object visualization. Some pertinent examples of these close-up, focalized descriptions of perception are discussed, which encourage substituting the automatic default mode with a more conscious and focused object visualization.
Immunoprofiling of human uterine mast cells identifies three phenotypes and expression of ERβ and glucocorticoid receptor
Authors: De Leo Bianca , Esnal-Zufiaurre Arantza , Collins Frances , Critchley Hilary O.D. , Saunders Philippa T.K.
Published: June 2017

Background:Human mast cells (MCs) are long-lived tissue-resident immune cells characterised by granules containing the proteases chymase and/or tryptase. Their phenotype is modulated by their tissue microenvironment. The human uterus has an outer muscular layer (the myometrium) surrounding the endometrium, both of which play an important role in supporting a pregnancy. The endometrium is a sex steroid target tissue consisting of epithelial cells (luminal, glandular) surrounded by a multicellular stroma, with the latter containing an extensive vascular compartment as well as fluctuating populations of immune cells that play an important role in regulating tissue function. The role of MCs in the human uterus is poorly understood with little known about their regulation or the impact of steroids on their differentiation status.

The current study had two aims: 1) To investigate the spatial and temporal location of uterine MCs and determine their phenotype; 2) To determine whether MCs express receptors for steroids implicated in uterine function, including oestrogen (ERα, ERβ), progesterone (PR) and glucocorticoids (GR).

Methods:Tissue samples from women (n=46) were used for RNA extraction (n=26) or fixed (n=20) for immunohistochemistry.

Results:Messenger RNAs encoded byTPSAB1(tryptase) andCMA1(chymase) were detected in endometrial tissue homogenates. Immunohistochemistry revealed the relative abundance of tryptase MCs was myometrium>basal endometrium>functional endometrium. We show for the first time that uterine MCs are predominantly of the classical MC subtypes: (positive, +; negative, -) tryptase+/chymase- and tryptase+/chymase+, but a third subtype was also identified (tryptase-/chymase+). Tryptase+ MCs were of an ERβ+/ERα-/PR-/GR+ phenotype mirroring other uterine immune cell populations, including natural killer cells.

Conclusions:Endometrial tissue resident immune MCs have three protease-specific phenotypes. Expression of both ERβ and GR in MCs mirrors that of other immune cells in the endometrium and suggests that MC function may be altered by the local steroid microenvironment.
L-arginine supplementation and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in healthy men: a double-blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pahlavani Naseh , Jafari Mostafa , Sadeghi Omid , Rezaei Masoud , Rasad Hamid , Rahdar Hossein Ali , Entezari Mohammad Hasan
Published: June 2017

Context: The effect of L-arginine on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has mostly focused on western countries. Since cardiovascular diseases is the second cause of death in Iran and, as far as we are aware, there have been no studies about the effect of L-arginine on CVD risk factors, the aim of this trial was to assess the effects of L-arginine supplementation on CVD risk factors in healthy men.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-dose L-arginine supplementation on CVD risk factors (lipid profile, blood sugar and blood pressure) in Iranian healthy men.

Design, setting, participants: We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial in 56 patients selected from sport clubs at the Isfahan University of Medical Science between November 2013 and December 2013.

Interventions: Healthy men received L-arginine supplementation (2000 mg daily) in the intervention group or placebo (2000 mg maltodextrin daily) in the control group for 45 days.

Main outcome measure: The primary outcome measures were we measured the levels of fasting blood sugar, blood pressure and lipid profile including triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, LDL and HDL in healthy subjects. It was hypothesized that these measures would be significantly improved in those receiving L–arginine supplementation. at the beginning and end of the study.

Results: In this trial, we had complete data for 52 healthy participants with mean age of 20.85±4.29 years. At the end of study, fasting blood sugar (P=0.001) and lipid profile (triglycerideTG (P<0.001), cholesterol (P<0.001), LDL (P=0.04), HDL (P=0.015)) decreased in the L-arginine group but we found no significant change in the placebo group. In addition, the reduction of fasting blood sugar and lipid profile in L-arginine was significant compared with placebo group. No significant changes were found about systolic (P=0.81) and diastolic blood pressure either in L-arginine or placebo group. (P=0.532).

Conclusion: The use of L-arginine significantly improved outcomes compared to placebo.
Plantinga’s Haecceitism and Simple Quantified Modal Logic
Authors: Pavone Luigi
Published: June 2017

In a series of papers Alvin Plantinga argued for a serious actualist modal semantics based on the notions of possible world, understood as maximal possible state of affairs, and of individual essence (haecceity). Plantinga’s actualism is known as haecceitism. In spite of the fact that haecceitism has been thought by Plantinga to require a Kripke-style semantics, the aim of this paper is to show that it is compatible with constant domains semantics and the simplest quantified modal logic. I will argue that not only does this approach have all the advantages of a greater simplicity in combining quantification and modalities, but also it better conforms to the actualist program.
Los desastres recurrentes en México: El huracán Pauline y la tormenta Manuel en Acapulco, Guerrero
Authors: Rodríguez Esteves Juan Manuel
Published: June 2017

Los huracanes y otras tormentas tropicales son fenómenos naturales que atraen el interés de las personas en todo el mundo, en especial cuando afectan comunidades costeras. cada año, sobre todo durante la temporada de huracanes, es común leer o ver en los diferentes medios de comunicación los daños provocados por las tormentas tropicales en varios países, ante todo en América Latina y Asia. Para el caso de México, el total de pérdidas económicas asociadas a fenómenos naturales ha ido en aumento. Durante el año 2000 se destinaron 230 millones de dólares (US) para la reconstrucción de la infraestructura afectada por fenómenos hidrometeorológicos, mientras que en el 2013 los daños ascendieron a 4 476 millones de dólares, con un pico durante 2010 cuando se registraron 7 208 millonesde dólares en pérdidas. Por otro lado, del total de daños provocados por fenómenos naturales, el 92 % estuvo asociado a fenómenos hidrometeorológicos, entre los que se encuentran los huracanes y otros fenómenos (SEGOB, 2014). El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los impactos provocados por los desastres asociados a la influencia de los huracanes desde una perspectiva comparativa entre dos fenómenos en particular, el huracán Pauline en 1997 y la tormenta Manuel en 2013, eventos hidrometeorológicos que afectaron el estado mexicano de Guerrero, pero en especial el puerto de Acapulco. una de las conclusiones principales de este estudio se refiere a que no importa solamente la intensidad del fenómeno natural para generar daños en la sociedad, sino que el total de daños también se refiere a los contextos de vulnerabilidad que una sociedad genera con el transcurso de los años.
Imaginário telúrico e imagens da tragédia de Mariana
Authors: Orellana Carlos Alberto , Machado Silveira Ada Cristina
Published: June 2017

El texto se enfoca en el análisis de los aspectos míticos en la cobertura periodística de la destrucción ocurrida la noche del 5 de noviembre de 2015 en el distrito brasileño de Bento Rodrigues en la ciudad de Mariana, estado de Minas Gerais. Dedicamos este análisis a los aspectos visuales de la tragedia humana y ambiental. El texto contiene cinco secciones. Inicialmente, discutimos la aplicación de los mitos que facilitan el acercamiento a los mitemas telúricos en Brasil. Luego, nos ocupamos del simbolismo del lodo y la poética de la tierra. A continuación, abordamos la cuestión de la muerte y la destrucción de la vida en Rio Doce. Puede observarse cómo el imaginario mítico heroico viene a ser un vector importante, a través del cual el discurso periodístico propone sus narrativas y el imaginario relacionado con el universo femenino persiste en nociones peyorativas, definidas por el mitema del lodo y su imaginería.
Cobertura jornalística sobre desastres no Brasil: dimensões sociopolíticas marginalizadas no debate público
Authors: Valencio Norma , Valencio Arthur
Published: June 2017

Las ciencias sociales pueden proveer a la opinión pública interpretaciones significativas sobre los desastres, toda vez que disponen de los recursos teóricos y metodológicos para identificar y analizar las múltiples dimensiones de los aspectos sociales involucrados. A pesar de esto, sus contribuciones son subestimadas en Brasil por los medios de comunicación que cubren tales tragedias. A través de métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos, este estudio ilustra los aspectos sociopolíticos de las crisis crónicas, que son poco explorados por los reportajes sobre desastres. Esto se presenta en el contexto nacional y, especialmente, en la región sudeste. Las conclusiones revelan que, a pesar de que la crisis aguda aparece frecuentemente en los titulares de las noticias, el contenido de las noticias pierde su calidad narrativa cuando no es considerado el desastre como un proceso social a largo plazo y a gran escala.
Stroke: ineffective tube securement reduces nutrition and drug treatment
Authors: Brazier Sophie , Taylor Stephen J , Allan Kaylee , Clemente Rowan , Toher Deirdre
Published: June 2017

Stroke patients with dysphagia often depend on nutrition, hydration and medication via nasogastric (NG) feeding tubes. Securing tubes using tape is associated with repeated tube loss. In this study, the authors determined cause and effect by auditing tube placement methods, delays incurred, duration and costs. Of 202 NG tube placements in 75 patients, 67 placements occurred in 17 patients over a full course of enteral nutrition (EN) and 40 of these placements were tracked. Tubes were secured by tape in 100%, mittens 31% and special observation 5.4%. However, over an EN course, inadvertent tube loss occurred in 82% of patients and was associated with age (p=0.049) and mitten use (p<0.001): 64% of tubes were lost due to patients and 9% slipped. Average ‘tube life’ was 2 days, less than 25% of the EN episode (p<0.001). While tube placement occurred within 2.55 hours of request, X-ray confirmation led to a delay in feed and drugs of 8–9 hours per tube placement and loss of 18.8% of feeding time per EN episode. Delays exceeded the 1-hour and 4-hour limits for antibiotics and other medicines in 20% and 80%, respectively. In the 17 tracked patients, it was estimated that 55% of the £5979 direct costs could be saved by nasal bridle use. In conclusion, most tubes studied were lost to inadvertent tube removal, leading to clinically significant delays to nutrition, hydration and drug treatments; this may impair recovery. Reducing tube loss is likely to reduce patient distress, treatment cost and enhance recovery.
Enteral feeding for nutritional support in critically ill patients
Authors: Ojo Omorogieva
Published: June 2017

Omorogieva Ojo, Senior Lecturer in Primary Care at the University of Greenwich, O.Ojo@greenwich.ac.uk , highlights key recommendations on enteral nutrition for patients in critical care
Setting up recovery clinics and promoting service user involvement
Authors: John Thomas
Published: June 2017

Service user involvement in mental health has gained considerable momentum. Evidence from the literature suggests that it remains largely theoretical rather than being put into practice. The current nature of acute inpatient mental health units creates various challenges for nurses to put this concept into practice. Recovery clinics were introduced to bridge this gap and to promote service user involvement practice within the current care delivery model at Kent and Medway NHS and Social Care Partnership Trust. It has shaped new ways of working for nurses with a person-centred approach as its philosophy. Service users and nurses were involved in implementing a needs-led and bottom-up initiative using Kotter's change model. Initial results suggest that it has been successful in meeting its objectives evidenced through increased meaningful interactions and involvement in care by service users and carers. The clinics have gained wide recognition and have highlighted a need for further research into care delivery models to promote service user involvement in these units.
Wound-bed preparation: a vital step in the healing process
Authors: Barrett Simon
Published: June 2017

Non-healing wounds are a significant burden to healthcare systems, where it is estimated that 4-5% of the adult population has a problem wound at any one time ( Guest et al, 2017 ). It is suggested that infection is the most frequent complication in non-healing wounds where it can prolong patient treatment times and increase resource use ( Gottrup et al, 2013 ). Wound infection develops as a result of an imbalance between the patient's immune system and the conditions in the wound, which subsequently can promote bacterial proliferation ( Wounds UK, 2013 ). It can impact on the patient by delaying wound healing, increasing the risk of amputation and life-threatening conditions, and reducing quality of life. The use of antibiotics to treat wound infections has decreased due to the increased risk of antibiotic resistance ( Swanson et al, 2014 ). As a result alternative strategies for preventing and managing wound infection have been adopted, including wound debridement and the use of topical antiseptic/antimicrobial agents.
Cost-effective wound management: a survey of 1717 nurses
Authors: Newton Heather
Published: June 2017

Delivering high-quality wound care requires a mix of knowledge and skills, which nurses aim to update by attending educational events such as conferences and study days. This article describes the data obtained from 30 educational study days, which took place across England, Scotland and Wales. It will explore nurses’ knowledge in relation to the cost-effectiveness and clinical efficacy of current wound care practices, based on the answers of 1717 delegates that attended the events. It will also outline the results in relation to reducing expenditure on wound dressings and the importance of performing an accurate wound assessment.
Evolution of microRNA in primates
Authors: McCreight Jey C. , Schneider Sean E. , Wilburn Damien B. , Swanson Willie J.
Published: June 2017

MicroRNA play an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of most transcripts in the human genome, but their evolution across the primate lineage is largely uncharacterized. A particular miRNA can have one to thousands of messenger RNA targets, establishing the potential for a small change in sequence or overall miRNA structure to have profound phenotypic effects. However, the majority of non-human primate miRNA is predicted solely by homology to the human genome and lacks experimental validation. In the present study, we sequenced thirteen species representing a wide range of the primate phylogeny. Hundreds of miRNA were validated, and the number of species with experimentally validated miRNA was tripled. These species include a sister taxon to humans (bonobo) and basal primates (aye-aye, mouse lemur, galago). Consistent with previous studies, we found the seed region and mature miRNA to be highly conserved across primates, with overall structural conservation of the pre-miRNA hairpin. However, there were a number of interesting exceptions, including a seed shift due to structural changes in miR-501. We also identified an increase in the number of miR-320 paralogs throughout primate evolution. Many of these non-conserved miRNA appear to regulate neuronal processes, illustrating the importance of investigating miRNA to learn more about human evolution.
A NEW COMBINATION FOR A SUBSPECIES OF RADERMACHERA QUADRIPINNATA (BIGNONIACEAE)
Authors: Turner Ian
Published: June 2017

TURNER, I. M. 2017. A new combination for a subspecies of Radermachera quadripinnata (Bignoniaceae). Reinwardtia 16(1): 47 – 48. — The new combination Radermachera quadripinnata subsp. lobbii is made to replace subsp. acuminata as the autonym Radermachera lobbii subsp. lobbii has priority over R. lobbii subsp. acuminata. Lectotypes are designated for Spathodea lobbii Teijsm. & Binn. and Radermachera lobbii subsp. acuminata Steenis.
NEW SPECIES OF CATANTHERA AND MEDINILLA (MELASTOMATACEAE) FROM HALMAHERA, INDONESIA AND A NEW NAME FOR A MEDINILLA FROM MADAGASCAR
Authors: Kartonegoro Abdulrokhman , Veldkamp J. F.
Published: June 2017

VELDKAMP, J. F. & KARTONEGORO, A. 2017. New species of Catanthera and Medinilla (Melastomataceae) from Halmahera, Indonesia and a new name for a Medinilla from Madagascar. Reinwardtia 16(1): 25 - 30. - One new species of Catanthera and four of Medinilla (Melastomataceae) from Halmahera, Moluccas, Indonesia, are described. One also occurs in Morotai. A new name was needed for M. intermedia H. Perrier (1932), non Blume (1831), from Madagascar.
Stiffness Analysis of 4-Link Coupler Mechanism Used in Low Floor Trams
Authors: Czauderna Tomasz , Maniowski Michał
Published: June 2017

The paper presents elastokinematic analysis of spatial, 4-link coupler system used in low floor tram power-trains with classic drive bogies. This article is a continuation of previous work, where were analysed only the kinematic properties of such coupling. In this paper, the experimental characterization of linear and angular stiffness of metal and rubber bushing installed in the coupler rods. Estimated stiffness coefficients were then inserted into the coupler model with compliant bushings jointed with perfectly rigid platforms and rods. Stiffness matrix of the coupler was calculated and its selected coefficients were interpreted.
Review of Research on Routes of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Li Hang
Published: June 2017

In recent years, many scholars conducted in-depth research onHelicobacter pyloriand identified it as an important pathogen of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer.H. pylorialso causes also and contributes to precancerous lesions (atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia) and is closely related to occurrence and development of gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoma. This study summarizes biological characteristics, epidemic status, and infection route ofH. pyloriand reviews research on roles of natural environments, especially drinking water, during infection.
Research Progress on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Complicated with Infection
Authors: Zhang Weisan
Published: June 2017

In recent years, in treatment standardization of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), infections and serious complications became the leading cause of death related to this disease, exceeding those of renal involvement and lupus encephalopathy. SLE coinfection is mainly related to defects in humoral immunity and cellular immunity, SLE disease activity, and doses of hormone and immune inhibitors.
Research Progress on Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Related Cytokines
Authors: Han Li
Published: June 2017

Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct) infection can induce host cells to produce numerous cytokines. Cytokines play important roles in inflammatory response. Although inflammation can protect the body, persistent inflammation can lead to pathological changes and tissue damages. Further research should determine whether cytokine production directly affects development and outcomes of inflammation. This study summarizes Ct infection and related cytokines.
Application of Mathematical Methods for Analysis of Digital ECG Data
Authors: Georgieva-Tsaneva G.
Published: June 2017

This paper presents several mathematical methods for analysis of electrocardiogram digital data. The measurement of beat to beat fluctuations known as Heart Rate Variability becomes a non-invasive diagnostic technique to study the cardiac autonomic regulation. The analysis was done by software developed by the author. The article presents the results of linear methods, nonlinear methods and wavelet analysis of Heart Rate Variability data in healthy and diseased subjects. The obtained results and the performed comparative analysis demonstrate the possibility for effective application of the considered methods in new cardiovascular information systems.
Illocution of direct speech acts via conventional implicature and semantic presupposition
Authors: Kravchenko Nataliia
Published: June 2017

The research introduces the notion of the additional illocution subdivided into illocution-expander, illocution-intensifier, and assessment illocution. Each component is characterized by a different type of correlations with conventional implicature and semantic presupposition. Two types of correlations have been specified: the match in meanings and triggers and the mediation by felicity conditions.
A communicative-pragmatic analysis of interruption realisation in modern English dialogical discourse
Authors: Kyrychenko Tetiana
Published: June 2017

The paper offers a study of speech interruptions on the basis of their communicative and pragmatic peculiarities. It provides a dynamic model of interruptions, where the development of the situation of interruption is revealed thanks to the dynamic character of speech interaction. The article presents the analysis of speech acts employed in the process of interruption. It also introduces a number of tactics of the interruption in terms of the cooperative and intrusive interruption strategy.
Nonlinear Free Vibration Analysis of Micro-beams Resting on Viscoelastic Foundation Based on the Modified Couple Stress Theory
Authors: Jam Jafar Eskandari , Noorabadi Milad , Namdaran Nader
Published: June 2017

In this paper, nonlinear free vibration analysis of micro-beams resting on the viscoelastic foundation is investigated by the use of the modified couple stress theory, which is able to capture the size effects for structures in micron and sub-micron scales. To this aim, the gov-erning equation of motion and the boundary conditions are derived using the Euler–Bernoulli beam and the Hamilton’s principle. The Galerkin method is employed to solve the governing nonlinear differential equation and obtain the frequency-amplitude algebraic equation. Final-ly, the effects of different parameters, such as the mode number, aspect ratio of length to height, the normalized length scale parameter and foundation parameters on the natural fre-quency-amplitude curves of doubly simply supported beams are studied.
Identification and Adjustment of Guide Rail Geometric Errors Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: He Gaiyun , Huang Can , Guo Longzhen , Sun Guangming , Zhang Dawei
Published: June 2017

The relative positions between the four slide blocks vary with the movement of the table due to the geometric errors of the guide rail. Consequently, the additional load on the slide blocks is increased. A new method of error measurement and identification by using a self-designed stress test plate was presented. BP neural network model was used to establish the mapping between the stress of key measurement points on the test plate and the displacements of slide blocks. By measuring the stress, the relative displacements of slide blocks were obtained, from which the geometric errors of the guide rails were converted. Firstly, the finite element model was built to find the key measurement points of the test plate. Then the BP neural network was trained by using the samples extracted from the finite element model. The stress at the key measurement points were taken as the input and the relative displacements of the slide blocks were taken as the output. Finally, the geometric errors of the two guide rails were obtained according to the measured stress. The results show that the maximum difference between the measured geometric errors and the output of BP neural network was 5 μm. Therefore, the correctness and feasibility of the method were verified.
How to Succeed with Film Production in the Regions?
Authors: Sand Stine Agnete
Published: June 2017

This article explores what two regional film production companies in Norway do to survive and succeed with their goals. The production of feature films in Norway is largely an Oslo-based effort, but despite this reality, there are companies in the regions that produce feature films. The analysis draws on semi-structured interviews with eight employees in two companies. Mer Film has in relatively short time managed to attract talented directors and establish networks with international, critically acclaimed production companies. Filmbin was one of the first film companies in Norway who committed themselves to the production of films for children. The article shows that success must be related to context and that reputation, talent development and choice of genre, geographical location, networking and social capital, risk diversification, entrepreneurship, organizational culture and leadership, are essential factors for the companies.
Media Responses to Media Criticism
Authors: von Krogh Torbjörn , Svensson Göran
Published: June 2017

At the time of writing in June 2015, the top Swedish tabloid editors, Thomas Mattsson and Jan Helin, Editors-in-Chief for the competing news organisations, Expressen and Aftonbladet, have produced 116 weekly issues of their joint podcast “MattssonHelin”. An examination of 24 samples of the content regarding responses to media criticism shows that the responses can be categorised in eleven groups that range from total rejection to total acceptance. Our categorisation presents a complement to earlier research on media responses to criticism. The responses contain elements of paradigm repair for journalism (Berkowitz 2000) but also illuminate how the editors use the particular advantages of the podcast format to enhance their take on public media literacy. Their presence in this particular digital platform allows for long and nuanced discussions on journalistic practice in relation to media criticism, albeit on their own terms.
Taxation of Swedish Firm Owners: The Great Reversal from the 1970s to the 2010s
Authors: Henrekson Magnus
Published: June 2017

By the late 1960s, real effective taxation of income from individual firm ownership in Sweden approached 100 percent. A series of tax reforms has reversed this situation. This paper (1) elucidates the thinking behind the vision of creating a largely market-based system without wealthy capitalists and how that vision guided tax policy; (2) outlines and evaluates the changes in the tax code since the late 1970s, their empirical and intellectual basis, and their implications for the taxation of individual firm ownership; and (3) compares the size of the largest individual wealth holdings in the mid-1960s to their equivalents in the 2010s and discusses how the general public’s views have changed regarding sizeable income streams and wealth from business activity. Today, the tax code favors already wealthy individuals, while high labor income taxation combined with a high valuation of existing assets renders wealth accumulation difficult for persons with no initial wealth.
Superhydrophobic and superoleophobic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) polymers synthesized using the Staudinger-Vilarrasa reaction
Authors: Mortier Claudio , Bourd Romain , Godeau Guilhem , Guittard Frédéric , Darmanin Thierry
Published: June 2017

Vegetal and animal reigns offer many examples of surfaces with surprising and interesting wetting properties. As example, springtails present superoleophobic properties allowing to live in soil and Lotus leaves show self-cleaning ability even under rainfalls. Indeed, it is known that self-cleaning properties can help to remove dust and particles during rainfalls and as a consequence to clean the surface. The bioinspiration of these surface properties is of a real interest for industrial applications in the nanotechnology field such as photovoltaic systems or anti corrosive material. Here, we use a strategy based on electropolymerization to obtain these properties. The Staudinger-Vilarrasa reaction is used to prepare innovative 3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole (EDOP) monomers with fluorinated chains. Using C6F13 or C8F17 chains, the polymer surfaces formed after electrodeposition show superhydrophobic and superoleophobic features. Here we study the surface wettability depending on the surface energy (based on the perfluorinated chain length), the surface roughness and morphology.
Determinants of Demand for Physical Activity among Students in Krakow
Authors: Kościółek Szczepan
Published: June 2017

The low level of physical activity amongst Poles is not only a social problem, but also a big challenge for commercial organizations. The aim of the thesis was to determine indicating factors influencing the maximum price that students are prone to pay for physical activity. The research was based on the opinions of 398 respondents (students from Krakow’s academies). A Chi-square test of independence was used to compare the distribution of the observed variables with their theoretical distribution.

The test results show that the maximum price that students are prone to pay for a single admission ticket and for a monthly pass for participating in physical activity is correlated with the price of complementary goods, participation in free and paid kinesthetic forms of recreation, and their main subject of study. In the case of the decision to purchase monthly passes (as opposed to a ticket for single admission), the student’s income and motivation to exercise are also important. On the other hand, declarative price is not influenced by the gender and former sports activity of interviewees.
A Pioneer of Italian Sports Pedagogy and Philosophy
Authors: Isidori Emanuele , Kosiewicz Jerzy
Published: June 2017

The biography we present here in this issue of our journal refers to the story of Italian scholar, educationist, and philosopher, Emanuele Isidori, Vice-Rector for International Relations and Cooperation and head of the Laboratory of General and Sport Pedagogy of the Foro Italico University of Rome in Italy. The biography of Emanuele tells us the story of a pioneer both in sports pedagogy and sports philosophy in his home country of Italy, where the idealist tradition and some prejudices regarding sport and its science seem to have hindered the development process of the two subjects for many years. What emerges from this story is the commitment and strenuous effort of the scholar to develop sports humanities in his country and to help his university and other Italian researchers interested in the scholarly field develop their knowledge through collaboration with the most prestigious European institutions devoted to the study of sport and physical activity.
Ultra Groups as Social Space for Leisure
Authors: Seabra Daniel
Published: June 2017

The paper aims to demonstrate that violence is far from a regular practice in Ultra groups, despite its notorious visibility as transmitted by the media. The paper attempts to demonstrate that Ultra groups are a social space of leisure for young people, rather than a space for violence. Actually, having used observation through direct participation and having registered the discourses of Ultra group members, it is possible to demonstrate that life in these groups represents, for many, not only a break from difficult everyday life, but also the only and/or the most important moment of social leisure in their lives.

The object of this research was four Ultra groups who support the teams of Oporto City: Super Dragõe, Colectivo Ultras 95 (both support Futebol Clube do Porto), Panteras Ngeras (supporting Boavista Futebol Clube), and Alma Salgueirista (supporting Sport Comércio e Salgueiros). The research was based on observation through direct participation made among the groups over six years. Also conducted were 90 semi-structured interviews, 20 autobiographical narratives, and surveys (sample 206 for estimated n=1766).
Using spatial metrics to assess the efficacy of biodiversity conservation within the Romanian Carpathian Convention area
Authors: Petrişor Alexandru-Ionuţ , Petrişor Liliana Elza
Published: June 2017

The alpine region is of crucial importance for the European Union; as a result, the Carpathian Convention aims at its sustainable development. Since sustainability implies also conservation through natural protected areas, aimed at including regions representative for the national biogeographical space, this article aims at assessing the efficiency of conservation. The methodology consisted of using spatial metrics applied to Romanian and European data on the natural protected areas, land cover and use and their transitional dynamics. The findings show a very good coverage of the Alpine biogeographical region (98% included in the Convention area, and 43% of it protected within the Convention area) and of the ecological region of Carpathian montane coniferous forests (88% included in the Convention area, and 42% of it protected within the Convention area). The dominant land cover is represented by forests (63% within the Convention area, and 70% of the total protected area). The main transitional dynamics are deforestation (covering 50% of all changes area within the Convention area and 46% from the changed area within its protected area) and forestations – including afforestation, reforestation and colonization of abandoned agricultural areas by forest vegetation (covering 44% of all changes area within the Convention area and 51% from the changed area within its protected area) during 1990-2000 and deforestation (covering 97% of all changes area within the Convention area and 99% from the changed area within its protected area) during 1990-2000. The results suggest that the coverage of biogeographical and ecological zones is good, especially for the most relevant ones, but deforestations are a serious issue, regardless of occurring before or after achieving the protection status.
Impact of corporate social responsibility on sustainable enterprise development
Authors: Danubianu Mirela , Teodorescu Cristian
Published: June 2017

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a recent entry in the economy of modern enterprise both at global level and for Romanian companies. CSR adds a new dimension to the enterprise’s performance in the social fields, contributing to the sustainable development of economic entities. CSR components are included in an international standard – ISO 26000. The paper presents authors’ experience in implementing this standard. Possible steps of a roadmap for CSR implementation:

Top management endorsement and nomination of a complex CSR team

Developing formal company CSR policy documents

Selecting and engaging the company’s stakeholders as early as possible.

Building a Project Advisory Board – useful in every modern managerial tool application should guide the progress toward CSR.

An external facilitator would help solve internal conflicts.

An audit of what CSR represents for the Company, what are the CSR options, e.g., promoting a “green company” profile, what would be the best impact of philanthropy and community volunteering, etc.

Generate a CSR portfolio of actions, setting deadlines, responsibilities and allocating resources, establishing communication, reporting, monitoring and corrective procedures

upgrading the sustainable enterprise strategy.

The authors experience led to the following conclusions:

Critical relevance of top management involvement

Stakeholders contacted as soon as possible in the process

The Project Advisory Board legitimates the actions taken under the mainframe of CSR

Aligning CSR polices to every other policy in the Company and make a system of coherent documents from ISO 9001, 14001, 18001, and 26000 that should work in a holistic manner. Focal company operates in municipal services having constant contact with all stakeholders.

The paper substantiates a previous work that analysed modern managerial tools.
The pressure of natural and anthropogenic factors on the status of soil from central development region
Authors: Valentin Crîsmaru , Petru Bacal , Iurie Bejan
Published: June 2017

The most ordinary form of impact on soils is erosion. A very rapid increase of the surfaces affected by erosion is conditioned, in particular, by the non-compliance of environmental requirements concerning exploitation of agricultural land and by the actual inefficient management of land resources. Lately due to the intensive exploitation of land and natural resources, the ecological situation worsened considerably, which has a negative impact over soils from the Central Development Region. Due to of the impact of agricultural activities and pressures of various factors on soil quality to grown the surface of soils eroded. Some factors led to growth the eroded surfaces which are considered high percentage of technical and hoeing crops.