bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimorphic Materials: Spatially Tailoring Mechanical Properties via Selective Initiation of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
Authors: Allen Marshall J. , Lien Hsu‐Ming , Prine Nathaniel , Burns Carter , Rylski Adrian K. , Gu Xiaodan , Cox Lewis M. , Mangolini Filippo , Freeman Benny D. , Page Zachariah A.
Published: December 2022

Access to multimaterial polymers with spatially localized properties and robust interfaces is anticipated to enable new capabilities in soft robotics, such as smooth actuation for advanced medical and manufacturing technologies. Here, orthogonal initiation is used to create interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) with spatial control over morphology and mechanical properties. Base catalyzes the formation of a stiff and strong polyurethane, while blue LEDs initiate the formation of a soft and elastic polyacrylate. IPN morphology is controlled by when the LED is turned “on”, with large phase separation occurring for short time delays (≈1–2 min) and a mixed morphology for longer time delays (>5 min), which is supported by dynamic mechanical analysis, small angle X‐ray scattering, and atomic force microscopy. Through tailoring morphology, tensile moduli and fracture toughness can be tuned across ≈1–2 orders of magnitude. Moreover, a simple spring model is used to explain the observed mechanical behavior. Photopatterning produces “multimorphic” materials, where morphology is spatially localized with fine precision (<100 µm), while maintaining a uniform chemical composition throughout to mitigate interfacial failure. As a final demonstration, the fabrication of hinges represents a possible use case for multimorphic materials in soft robotics.
Iodine‐modified Pt nanoparticles accelerate the hydrogenative ring‐opening of furfurals to linear alcohols
Authors: Zhang Likang , Li Xiang , Wang Jun , Zeng Zheling , Yang Weiran , Deng Shuguang , Deng Qiang
Published: December 2022

The hydrogenative ring‐opening of furfurals (furfural and 5‐methylfurfural) to linear diols (1,4‐pentanediol and 2,5‐hexanediol) is of great significance for bioderived fine chemical synthesis. Unfortunately, the catalytic activity and selectivity are unsatisfactory because of the interference of various side reactions, such as overhydrogenation to tetrahydrofurans. Herein, the preparation of an iodine (I) modified Pt‐based catalyst with abundant Pt‐I pairs is reported for the first time and shows high catalytic efficiency for linear diol synthesis with a yield of 80%–90% via the hydrogenative ring‐opening route, whereas bare Pt counterpart only shows tetrahydrofuran synthesis via the overhydrogenation route. The catalytic reaction mechanism shows the in‐situ hydrogen spillover‐promoted H−‐Pt‐I‐H+ pairs not only supply hydrogenation sites for the C=O hydrogenation step but also provide Brønsted acidic sites for the ring‐opening step. This work presents a feasible and convenient strategy for bifunctional catalysis with powerful linear diol synthesis over iodine‐modified noble metals.
Upper airway microbiome transplantation for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Mårtensson Anders , Cervin‐Hoberg Charlotte , Huygens Flavia , Lindstedt Malin , Sakellariou Christina , Greiff Lennart , Cervin Anders
Published: December 2022

Background

Chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis without polyps (CRSsNP) is characterized by a persistent inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa. The underlying cause is unclear but increasing interest has been directed toward changes in the sinonasal microbiome as a potential driver.

Methods

Twenty‐two patients diagnosed with CRSsNP were treated with antibiotics for 13 days, followed by 5 consecutive days of nasal microbiome transplants from healthy donors. Outcome measures were 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) questionnaire, total nasal symptom score (TNSS), endoscopic grading, 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) next generation sequencing (microbiome analysis), and nasal lavage fluid analysis of inflammatory cytokines. Patients were examined at the start of the study and after antibiotic treatment as well as 10 days and 3 months after the transplant series.

Results

At the end of the study, patients reported significantly reduced SNOT‐22 scores and microbiome analysis showed significantly increased abundance and diversity. No significant change was observed for TNSS or endoscopic scoring.

Conclusion

Nasal microbiome transplants obtained from healthy individuals and administered as nasal lavages to patients with CRSsNP are feasible. The patients reported significant and lasting reduction of symptoms and these findings were associated with a lasting increase in abundance and diversity of the local bacterial flora. The observations, which need to be confirmed by randomized controlled trials, may constitute a new treatment avenue for these difficult to treat patients where antibiotics only provide short lasting symptom control.
Therapeutic anti‐amyloid β antibodies cause neuronal disturbances
Authors: Adhikari Utpal Kumar , Khan Rizwan , Mikhael Meena , Balez Rachelle , David Monique Antoinette , Mahns David , Hardy John , Tayebi Mourad
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Recent published clinical trial safety data showed that 41% of Alzheimer patients experienced amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), marks of microhemorrhages and edema in the brain, following administration of Biogen's Aduhelm/aducanumab (amino acids 3‐7 of the Aβ peptide). Similarly, Janssen/Pfizer's Bapineuzumab (amino acids 1‐5 of the Aβ peptide) and Roche's Gantenerumab (amino acids 2‐11/18‐27 of the Aβ peptide) also displayed ARIA in clinical trials, including microhemorrhage and focal areas of inflammation or vasogenic edema, respectively. The molecular mechanisms underlying ARIA caused by therapeutic anti‐Aβ antibodies remain largely unknown, however, recent reports demonstrated that therapeutic anti‐prion antibodies activate neuronal allergenic proteomes following cross‐linking cellular prion protein.

Methods

Here, we report that treatment of human induced pluripotent stem cells‐ derived neurons (HSCN) from a non‐demented donor, co‐cultured with human primary microglia with anti‐Aβ1‐6, or anti‐Aβ17‐23 antibodies activate a significant number of allergenic‐related proteins as assessed by mass spectrometry.

Results

Interestingly, a large proportion of the identified proteins included cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐12, and IL‐13 suggesting a type‐1 hypersensitivity response. Following flow cytometry analysis, several proinflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated following anti‐Aβ1‐6, or anti‐Aβ17‐23 antibody treatment.

Discussion

These results justify further and more robust investigation of the molecular mechanisms of ARIA during immunotherapy study trials of AD.

HIGHLIGHTS

Allergenic‐related proteins are often linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

We investigated the effects of amyloid beta (Aβ) immunotherapy on stem cell derived neurons and primary neuronal cells co‐cultured with microglia.

Anti‐Aβ antibody treatment of neurons or neurons co‐cultured with microglia led to activation of a substantial number of allergenic‐related genes.

These allergenic‐related genes are associated with endothelial dysfunction possibly responsible for ARIA.
Tau‐PET is superior to phospho‐tau when predicting cognitive decline in symptomatic AD patients
Authors: Smith Ruben , Cullen Nicholas C. , Pichet Binette Alexa , Leuzy Antoine , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Klein Gregory , Borroni Edilio , Ossenkoppele Rik , Janelidze Shorena , Palmqvist Sebastian , Mattsson‐Carlgren Niklas , Stomrud Erik , Hansson Oskar ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Biomarkers for the prediction of cognitive decline in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and amnestic mild dementia are needed for both clinical practice and clinical trials.

Methods

We evaluated the ability of tau‐PET (positron emission tomography), cortical atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), baseline cognition, apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) status, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of phosphorylated tau‐217, neurofilament light (NfL), and amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 ratio (individually and in combination) to predict cognitive decline over 2 years in BioFINDER‐2 and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).

Results

Baseline tau‐PET and a composite baseline cognitive score were the strongest independent predictors of cognitive decline. Cortical thickness and NfL provided some additional information. Using a predictive algorithm to enrich patient selection in a theoretical clinical trial led to a significantly lower required sample size.

Discussion

Models including baseline tau‐PET and cognition consistently provided the best prediction of change in cognitive function over 2 years in patients with amnestic MCI or mild dementia.
Magnetoelectric‐Field Electrodynamics: Search for Magnetoelectric Point Scatterers
Authors: Kamenetskii Eugene O.
Published: December 2022

Resonant scattering of electromagnetic (EM) waves by small particles is considered as one of the basic problems in metamaterial science. At present, special subwavelength resonators are considered as structural elements in chiral and bianisotropic metamaterials. There is a general consensus that these small scatterers behave like “artificial atoms” with strong electrical and magnetic responses and an interconnection between these responses. However, the observed effect of magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in these meta‐atoms is not associated with the near‐field manipulation properties caused by intrinsic magnetoelectricity. This arises the question whether ME point scatterers of EM radiation really exist. In this paper, we show that there are mesoscopic structures with electric and magnetic dipole‐carrying excitations that behave like point scatterers with their inherent magnetoelectricity. In such subwavelength resonators, coherent oscillations of the electric polarization and magnetization can be considered as quasistatic oscillations described by electrostatic (ES) and magnetostatic (MS) scalar wave functions. The ME resonance effect arises from the coupling of two, ES and MS, oscillations. The near fields of these resonators, called the ME near fields, are characterized by simultaneous violation of time reversal and inversion symmetry. In study of ME fields and EM problems associated with these fields, we put forward the concept of ME‐field electrodynamics.
Automatic Ferroelectric Domain Pattern Recognition Based on the Analysis of Localized Nonlinear Optical Responses Assisted by Machine Learning
Authors: Croes Boris , Gaponenko Iaroslav , Voulot Cédric , Grégut Olivier , Dorkenoo Kokou D. , Cheynis Fabien , Curiotto Stefano , Müller Pierre , Leroy Frédéric , Cordero‐Edwards Kumara , Paruch Patrycja , Cherifi‐Hertel Salia
Published: December 2022

Second‐harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical method allowing the study of the local structure, symmetry, and ferroic order in noncentrosymmetric materials such as ferroelectrics. The combination of SHG microscopy with local polarization analysis is particularly efficient for deriving the local polarization orientation. This, however, entails the use of tedious and time‐consuming modeling methods of nonlinear optical emission. Moreover, extracting the complex domain structures often observed in thin films requires a pixel‐by‐pixel analysis and the fitting of numerous polar plots to ascribe a polarization angle to each pixel. Here, the domain structure of GeTe films is studied using SHG polarimetry assisted by machine learning. The method is applied to two film thicknesses: A thick film containing large domains visible in SHG images, and a thin film in which the domains' size is below the SHG resolution limit. Machine learning‐assisted methods show that both samples exhibit four domain variants of the same type. This result is confirmed in the case of the thick film, both by the manual pixel‐by‐pixel analysis and by using piezoresponse force microscopy. The proposed approach foreshows new prospects for optical studies by enabling enhanced sensitivity and high throughput analysis.
Analysis of maximum precipitation in Thailand using non‐stationary extreme value models
Authors: Prahadchai Thanawan , Shin Yonggwan , Busababodhin Piyapatr , Park Jeong‐Soo
Published: December 2022

Non‐stationarity in heavy rainfall time series is often apparent in the form of trends because of long‐term climate changes. We have built non‐stationary (NS) models for annual maximum daily (AMP1) and 2‐day precipitation (AMP2) data observed between 1984 and 2020 years by 71 stations and between 1960 and 2020 by eight stations over Thailand. The generalized extreme value (GEV) models are used. Totally, 16 time‐dependent functions of the location and scale parameters of the GEV model are considered. On each station, a model is selected by using Bayesian and Akaike information criteria among these candidates. The return levels corresponding to some years are calculated and predicted for the future. The stations with the highest return levels are Trad, Samui, and Narathiwat, for both AMP1 and AMP2 data. We found some evidence of increasing (decreasing) trends in maximum precipitation for 22 (10) stations in Thailand, based on NS GEV models.
On the cosmological constant in the deformed Einstein–Cartan gauge gravity in De Donder–Weyl Hamiltonian formulation
Authors: Vasak David , Kirsch Johannes , Struckmeier Jürgen , Stöcker Horst
Published: December 2022

A modification of the Einstein–Hilbert theory, the Covariant Canonical Gauge Gravity (CCGG), leads to a cosmological constant that represents the energy of the space–time continuum when deformed from its (A)dS ground state to a flat geometry. CCGG is based on the canonical transformation theory in the De Donder–Weyl (DW) Hamiltonian formulation. That framework modifies the Einstein–Hilbert Lagrangian of the free gravitational field by a quadratic Riemann–Cartan concomitant. The theory predicts a total energy‐momentum of the system of space–time and matter to vanish, in line with the conjecture of a “Zero‐Energy‐Universe” going back to Lorentz (1916) and Levi‐Civita (1917). Consequently, a flat geometry can only exist in presence of matter where the bulk vacuum energy of matter, regardless of its value, is eliminated by the vacuum energy of space–time. The observed cosmological constant Λobs is found to be merely a small correction attributable to deviations from a flat geometry and effects of complex dynamical geometry of space–time, namely torsion and possibly also vacuum fluctuations. That quadratic extension of General Relativity, anticipated already in 1918 by Einstein, thus provides a significant and natural contribution to resolving the “cosmological constant problem”.
Self‐reported cognitive decline among middle and older age autistic adults
Authors: Klein Claire B. , McQuaid Goldie A. , Charlton Rebecca A. , Klinger Laura G. , Wallace Gregory L.
Published: December 2022

Very little is known about autistic adults as they age. Early evidence suggests a potentially high risk for dementia and atypical cognitive decline in autistic middle and older age adults. Research in the general population indicates that self‐reported cognitive decline may predict future dementia earlier than performance‐based measures. Nevertheless, self‐report dementia screeners have not been used to date in autism research. In a sample of middle and older age autistic adults (N = 210), participants completed a self‐rated dementia screener, the AD8, to describe the rate of cognitive decline, examine associations of cognitive decline with age, educational level, sex designated at birth, and autistic traits, and document the psychometrics of a dementia screener in autistic adults. We found high rates of cognitive decline with 30% of the sample screening positive. The most common symptoms were declining interest in leisure activities, and increases in everyday problems with thinking, memory, and judgment. There was evidence that autistic individuals designated female at birth may be more vulnerable to cognitive decline than autistic individuals designated male at birth. Notably, reports of cognitive decline did not vary by age or educational level. Modestly elevated autistic traits were found in those screening positive versus negative for cognitive decline. Finally, the dementia screener showed good psychometrics, including convergent validity with an independent measure of current memory problems. These results could signal an emerging public health crisis in autistic adults as they age, and support the potential utility of self‐report measures for early screening for cognitive decline in this population.
Development of na HPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 from ‘Shenmai’ Injection in beagle dogs after single and multiple doses and application in pharmacokinetics
Authors: Wen Min , Yang Lipan , Huang Hefei , Ye Gu , Jiang Yuntao , Lv Xiaobo
Published: December 2022

Shenmai Injection (SMI), which tonifies Qi and prevents exhaustion, nourishes Yin and generates body fluid, is usually used in the treatment of shock with deficiency of Qi and Yin, coronary artery disease, viral myocarditis, granulocytopenia and chronic pulmonary heart disease clinically. Ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 are the main active ingredients of SMI. In this study, high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods for quantification of Rb1 and Rg1 in beagle dogs were developed and validated according to international regulatory guidelines. The methods were applied to measure the pharmacokinetics parameters of the two ginsenoside after intravenous administration. The linear ranges of the analytes were 3.9–1,000 ng/ml for Rg1 and Rb1. After injection of single and multiple doses of SMI (1 ml/kg), the plasma concentration–time profiles of Rg1 and Rb1 met the characteristics of one‐compartment and typical two‐compartment intravenous injection.
A case of thoracic SMARCA4‐Deficient undifferentiated tumor successfully treated with combination Ipilimumab–Nivolumab
Authors: Nakano Yoshio , Sekinada Daisuke , Kuze Yusuke , Okamoto Norio , Gohma Iwao , Yasuhara Yumiko
Published: December 2022

Thoracic SMARCA4‐deficient undifferentiated tumors are rare, with poor prognosis. A 73‐year‐old man presented to our hospital with dyspnea. Computed tomography‐guided biopsy revealed a SMARCA4‐deficient undifferentiated tumor. The patient was treated with combination ipilimumab‐nivolumab. The tumor reduced in size after two courses.
A pH‐Responsive Charge‐Convertible Drug Delivery Nanocarrier for Precise Starvation and Chemo Synergistic Oncotherapy
Authors: Zhou Yifei , Gao Xuan , Lu Yu , Zhang Ruohao , Lv Kehong , Gong Jitong , Feng Jing , Zhang Hongjie
Published: December 2022

A pH‐responsive charge‐convertible drug delivery nanocarrier (MSN‐TPZ‐GOx@ZnO@PAH‐PEG‐DMMA, abbreviated as MTGZ@PPD) was prepared, which could specifically release hypoxia‐activated chemotherapeutic Tirapazamine (TPZ) and glucose oxidase (GOx) in the tumor site for precise starvation and chemo synergistic oncotherapy. Acid‐responsive Schiff base structure modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) co‐load with GOx and TPZ, then link with ZnO quantum dots (QDs). PAH‐PEG‐DMMA (PPD) polymer makes MTGZ@PPD with biocompatibility and charge‐convertible feature. MTGZ@PPD is negatively charged at physiological pH, and the charge reversal of PPD and acidolysis of the Schiff base structure under the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) induce a positively charged surface, which could potentiate the cell internalization. ZnO QDs could decompose at acidic TME, achieving controllable drug release. GOx could starve the tumor cells and enhance hypoxia level, thus initiates the activation of TPZ to realize synergistic starvation therapy and chemotherapy. This intelligent MTGZ@PPD has shown great potential for starvation and chemo synergistic oncotherapy.
A level enhanced voltage balancing method for modular multilevel converter without using sensors
Authors: Gobburi Hari Babu , Borghate Vijay B. , Meshram Prafullachandra M.
Published: December 2022

The intrinsic characteristics such as modular structure, filterless operation, and absence of DC‐link capacitor have made the modular multilevel converter (MMC) superior to the conventional multilevel converters. However, the submodule (SM) capacitor voltage balancing is crucial. This paper presents a voltage balance control method for MMC. The proposed method generates 2N + 1 levels (where N is the number of SMs per arm) which halves the step size of output voltage and improves the harmonic performance as compared to N + 1 level generation. It requires only one carrier per phase and no voltage and current measurements are needed for the implementation. Therefore, the proposed method makes the system cost‐effective and reduces the implementation issues related with carrier‐based methods substantially. It also alleviates the non‐uniform charge distribution problem with the phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) technique. Further, a detailed mathematical analysis is presented which enhances the understanding of balancing algorithm. In addition to this, the circulating current with 2N + 1 modulation is analyzed and a control technique is presented. The proposed voltage balancing method is simulated comprehensively in MATLAB/SIMULINK software and validated by the experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype.
Efficacy and safety of PD‐1 inhibitor alone or combined with chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory extranodal natural Killer/T cell lymphoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Tian Jing , Hao Miaowang , Liu Qiang , Xiao Fang , Li Yuanchun , Qi Meiying , Gao Jing , Liu Li , Yin Dandan
Published: December 2022

Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) patients typically face a grim prognosis after relapse or progression following asparaginase‐based chemotherapy. Currently, programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) immune checkpoint blockade has shown promising efficacy as an optimal regimen for relapsed or refractory ENKTL (rrENKTL) patients. This study retrospectively investigated the efficacy, safety, and factors influencing the survival of 26 rrENKTL patients who underwent monoclonal antibody treatment using PD‐1 (Sintilimab or Camrelizumab) alone or combined with chemotherapy from January 2018 to February 2022. The disease control rate was 73.1%, and the objective response rate was 50.0%. 15.4% of the patients achieved complete remission, and 34.6% achieved partial remission (PR). After a median follow‐up of 12 (range 3–47) months, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 6.5 and 13.3 months. The 1‐year PFS and OS rate were 23.1% and 53.8%. 96.2% of patients experienced at least one adverse event and 26.9% experienced grade 1–2 immune‐related adverse events. PD‐1 inhibitor improved rrENKTL patient survival, and the AEs were controlled. We also observed that the prognostic index for NK cell lymphoma including Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) (PINK‐E) and the nomogram‐revised risk indexz for ENKTL patients could help identify a potentially unfavorable prognosis in this era of immunotherapy. More attention should be paid to the presence of EBV after anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy, as it more accurately indicates a poor prognosis.
Rotation, electromagnetic field, and variable thermal conductivity effects on free convection flow past an eternity vertical porous plate
Authors: Bharathi V. , Prakash J. , Vijayaragavan R. , Balaji R. , Pushparaj V.
Published: December 2022

The present research may facilitate the reduction of the number of conversion steps required to include the low output voltages in an electrokinetic biomass process. Variable thermal conductivity and electroosmosis flow have already established great potential in the thermo‐elastic models of various manufacturing industries and have been widely used in energy technologies. As a result, the current framework investigates the characteristics of natural convection flow with the influence of variable thermal conductivity and electroosmosis over an eternity vertical porous plate. Coriolis forces and Hall current effects are considered in the momentum equations, and also thermal radiation and variable thermal conductivity are taken as energy equations. A linear chemical reaction parameter is used in the concentration equation. The equation of Poisson–Boltzmann is exploited to depict the electric potential characteristics within the accelerated plate medium. The pdepe command in Matlab software is used to figure out the numerical solutions to equations about momentum, energy, and concentration. The expressions of fluid transverse velocity, fluid axial velocity, fluid temperature, and concentration profiles are presented as numerical results and also derived vital relevant stream parameters diagrammatically, whereas the numerical values of primary skin friction, secondary skin friction, and Nusselt number are presented in tabular form for various values of pertinent flow parameters. The temperature rises as the strength of the thermal conductivity variable parameter increases. Also, as the values of the Taylor number and the thermal conductivity variable parameter go up, the primary velocity goes down. Similarly, secondary velocity increases in the opposite direction as the Taylor number and thermal conductivity variable parameter increase.
Effect of bimetallic modification on blast furnace slag and its application in low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction
Authors: Zhang Lei , Han Yuzhen , Shu Hao , Zhang Lei , Han Zhikun , Yang Xueying , Chen Ya
Published: December 2022

Objective

In order to control NOx in low‐temperature flue gases emitted from non‐power industries and to reduce the preparation cost of denitration catalysts, this study uses inexpensive blast furnace slag as raw material to prepare denitration catalysts.

Methods

After cooling, drying and grinding, the blast furnace slag becomes a powder with considerable fineness and meets the requirements of activity index, which is called GGBS (ground granulated blast furnace slag). Using GGBS as denitration catalyst carrier, the active components M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Ce) are loaded on Mn‐based GGBS catalyst using an impregnation method.

Conclusions

The effect of different active components on the denitration performance and sulfur resistance of Mn‐based GGBS catalysts is investigated. The results show that the Mn‐Ce/GGBS catalyst has better denitration performance and sulfur resistance. The Mn‐Ce/GGBS catalyst has a significant denitration performance when load ratio is 2:1. The active component Ce improves the denitration performance of the catalyst, reduces sulfur poisoning and extends the life of the catalyst. The SO2 in the flue gas increases the acid sites on the catalyst surface and improves catalyst activity. The larger the ratios of Mn4+/Mn3+, Ce4+/Ce3+ and Oα/Oβ, the stronger the catalyst activity and the better the denitration performance. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Multimodality ultrasound assessment of the spleen: Normal appearances and emergency abnormalities
Authors: Iacobellis Francesca , Schillirò Maria Laura , Di Serafino Marco , Borzelli Antonio , Grimaldi Dario , Verde Francesco , Caruso Martina , Dell'Aversano Orabona Giuseppina , Rinaldo Chiara , Sabatino Vittorio , Cantisani Vito , Vallone Gianfranco , Romano Luigia
Published: December 2022

This paper summarizes the main splenic emergencies and their ultrasonographic findings to orient appropriate patient management. US requires minimal preparation time and allows to examine the parenchyma and to detect intraperitoneal fluid collections, which may be indirect evidence of solid organ injuries. In this paper, we analyze the role of B‐mode, Doppler and Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound in the diagnosis of splenic emergencies, with a particular focus on splenic infarction, infection, traumatic injuries and vascular splenic anomalies.
Recurrent symptoms of acute intermittent porphyria after biochemical normalization with givosiran—An ongoing clinical conundrum
Authors: Ma Christopher D. , Faust Denise , Bonkovsky Herbert L.
Published: December 2022

A 47‐year‐old woman with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) has had recurring symptoms after achieving biochemical normalization of her urinary 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA), porphobilinogen (PBG), and total porphyrins with givosiran. She has had normal liver tests, mildly decreased renal function, and sustained normal urinary ALA, PBG, and porphyrins with no rebound in her laboratory test results throughout treatment. She continues to tolerate monthly givosiran injections with no adverse effects, but she still experiences what she believes are acute porphyric attacks every 1–2 months.
Local zinc treatment enhances fracture callus properties in diabetic rats
Authors: Innella Kevin , Levidy Michael F. , Kadkoy Yazan , Lin Anthony , Selles Marcus , Sanchez Alexandra , Weiner Adam , Greendyk Joshua , Moriarty Brian , Lauritsen Katherine , Lopez Jonathan , Teitelbaum Marc , Fisher Mark , Mendiratta Dhruv , Ahn David B. , Ippolitto Joseph , Paglia David N. , Cottrell Jessica , O'Connor J. Patrick , Benevenia Joseph , Lin Sheldon S.
Published: December 2022

The effects of locally applied zinc chloride (ZnCl2) on early and late‐stage parameters of fracture healing were evaluated in a diabetic rat model. Type 1 Diabetes has been shown to negatively impact mechanical parameters of bone as well as biologic markers associated with bone healing. Zinc treatments have been shown to reverse those outcomes in tests of nondiabetic and diabetic animals. This study is the first to assess the efficacy of a noncarrier mediated ZnCl2 on bony healing in diabetic animals. This is a promising basic science approach which may lead to benefits for diabetic patients in the future. Treatment and healing were assessed through quantification of callus zinc, radiographic scoring, microcomputed tomography (µCT), histomorphometry, and mechanical testing. Local ZnCl2 treatment increased callus zinc levels at 1 and 3 days after fracture (p ≤ 0.025). Femur fractures treated with ZnCl2 showed increased mechanical properties after 4 and 6 weeks of healing. Histomorphometry of the ZnCl2‐treated fractures found increased callus cartilage area at Day 7 (p = 0.033) and increased callus bone area at Day 10 (p = 0.038). In contrast, callus cartilage area was decreased (p < 0.01) after 14 days in the ZnCl2‐treated rats. µCT analysis showed increased bone volume in the fracture callus of ZnCl2‐treated rats at 6 weeks (p = 0.0012) with an associated increase in the proportion of µCT voxel axial projections (Z‐rays) spanning the fracture site. The results suggest that local ZnCl2 administration improves callus chondrogenesis leading to greater callus bone formation and improved fracture healing in diabetic rats.
Does diversification drive tourism demand? A structural change perspective: Evidence from a casino tourism destination
Authors: Sou Joey Pek‐U , Siu Ricardo Chi Sen
Published: December 2022

Structural change in the tourism industry is a potential driving force for tourism demand. Using sectoral‐level data of capital formation, employment, and value‐added as diversification measures, a positive relationship is found to exist between sectoral diversification and tourism demand in Macao. Heterogeneous effects on market origins of varying saturation levels show that sectoral diversification is a potential strategy for attracting visitors from more distant and less saturated origin markets. In order to build up a long‐lasting resilience to external shocks, development policy should focus on cultivating market incentives for private sector stakeholders to participate in the diversification process.
Prosocial motivation can promote the time‐based prospective memory of school‐age children
Authors: Guo Yunfei , Gan Jiaqun , Wang Wei , Ma Jialin , Li Yongxin
Published: December 2022

In real life, we are often motivated to plan things to be performed at specific times in the future. Some of these intended actions help other individuals, and thus involve time‐based prospective memory (TBPM) under prosocial motivational conditions. Children's social development is very rapid, and they have relatively stable prosocial motivation during school age. Few studies have paid attention to this issue. This study focuses on three aspects of this issue: (1) the impact of prosocial motivation on the TBPM of school‐age children, (2) whether there are sex differences in this effect, and, for the first time, (3) the processing mechanism by which prosocial motivation affects TBPM in school‐age children in the framework of the motivation cognitive model. A total of 112 elementary school students, aged between 8 and 12, participated in the experiment, using a 2 (group: prosocial motivation, control) × 2 (sex: boy, girl) between‐subjects design. The results showed that prosocial motivation can significantly reduce children's time difference of TBPM. However, we found no sex differences in the effect of prosocial motivation on TBPM in the above two indicators. With regard to the processing mechanism, we found that the prosocial motivation group paid more attention to external time information throughout the experiment. However, their internal attention and the effectiveness of attention did not improve. These results partially support the motivation cognitive model. Overall, this study found that prosocial motivation relies mainly on external attention to improve the TBPM performance of school‐age children.
Co‐innovation behavior and sustainable innovation in competitive environments
Authors: Adomako Samuel , Nguyen Nguyen Phong
Published: December 2022

Despite substantial efforts in examining the drivers of sustainable innovation, we still do not know enough about the impact of co‐innovation behavior. In this study, we investigated the effect of co‐innovation behavior on sustainable innovation and the combinative effect of absorptive capacity and competitive intensity on this relationship. Data collected from 312 firms revealed that a firm's level of co‐innovation behaviors is positively associated with sustainable innovation. Moreover, we find that the effect of co‐innovation behaviors on sustainable innovation is amplified when absorptive capacity is high. Finally, the moderating effect of absorptive capacity is exacerbated by competitive intensity. These findings contribute to the co‐innovation and sustainable innovation literature. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Catalytic Application of a Novel Basic Alkane‐sulfonate Metal‐organic Frameworks in the Preparation of Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines via a Cooperative Vinylogous Anomeric‐based Oxidation
Authors: Ahmadi Hossein , Zarei Mahmoud , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we have developed and introduced [Zr‐UiO‐66‐PDC‐(CH2)4‐SO3] as a basic alkane‐sulfonate metal‐organic framework (MOF) catalyst. This catalyst was applied in the three‐component reaction for the preparation of (mono, bis, tris and tetrakis) pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines by reaction of various 3‐oxo‐3‐phenylpropanenitrile, 6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethylpyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione and widespread of aldehydes with good to excellent yields under solvent‐free at 110 °C. The last step of the reaction proceeded via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric‐based oxidation (CVABO) as one of the fundamental and basic stereoelectronic concepts.
Micropacked‐bed Reactor for Continuous Hydrogenation of Aromatic Dinitro Compounds
Authors: Si Yang , Liu Song , Ming Weixing , Wei Wei , Ji Lu , Zhang JianJun , An Tingwang , Gong Dangsheng , Zhao Jingnan , Meng Qingwei , Yan Dongmao
Published: December 2022

Due to the intricacy aromatic dinitro compound hydrogenation processes, it is difficult to attain high conversion and selectivity using merely modified catalysts in batch reactors. The micropacked‐bed reactor (μPBR) offers efficient heat and mass transfer, a precise and controllable reaction process, and a high level of safety. In this work, the hydrogenation of 2,4‐dinitroanisole was selected as the model reaction, and a variety of catalysts were utilized in the continuous flow system based on μPBR for hydrogenation of 2,4‐dinitroanisole. During 960 minutes of operation, the synthesis of 2,4‐diaminoanisole was carried out using a Pd (OH)2/C catalyst and the optimal process condition, yielding 100 % conversion, 99.5 % selectivity, and the favorable durability. For the hydrogenation of relevant aromatic dinitro compounds, the continuous flow system demonstrates exceptional performance.
Amino Acids in New Organic Fertilizer AnchoisFert
Authors: Pagliaro Mario , Lino Claudia , Pizzone Daniela Maria , Mauriello Francesco , Russo Mariateresa , Muscolo Adele , Ciriminna Rosaria , Avellone Giuseppe
Published: December 2022

The analysis via GC‐MS of the amino acids present in AnchoisFert, a new organic fertilizer co‐product of fish oil extraction from anchovy fillet leftovers using limonene, unveils the presence of 16 amino acids, essential, quasi‐essential and non‐essential. Leucine, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine are the most abundant AAs. Proline, aspartic acid, arginine, serine, lysine and phenylalanine are also relatively plentiful. Alongside the results of the techno‐economic and life cycle assessment analyses, these outcomes suggest that the “LimoFish” circular economy process is highly effective in recovering valued AAs that otherwise would be lost in the environment. This greatly improves the sustainability of anchovy fishing, processing and consumption, further supporting the scale‐up and industrialization of the process.
A Mini Review on the Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Kumar S Lokesh , Tabassum Sumaiya , K S Sagar , Govindaraju Santhosh
Published: December 2022

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have emerged as key green tool in organic synthesis for their methodological simplicity. MCRs have made heterocycle synthesis more versatile. The most crucial molecule among the most often used heterocycles is pyridine, which is widely used in biological, industrial, and pharmaceutical sectors. In light of this, our mini‐review highlights the literature on substituted pyridine synthesis published from the year 2016 to early 2022 via multicomponent approach.
Corn‐like mSiO2@ZIF‐8 Composite Load with Curcumin for Target Cancer Drug‐Delivery System
Authors: Chen Menglan , Song Fangxiang , Wu Nian , Luo Honghuan , Cai Xiaoqin , Li Yan
Published: December 2022

To improve the drug loading rate of mesoporous silica (mSiO2), mSiO2 nanorods were synthesized by a modified sol‐gel method, then mSiO2@ZIF‐8 nanoparticles were prepared by using mSiO2 nanorods as the matrix. The structure of mSiO2 and mSiO2@ZIF‐8 were characterized. The results show that mSiO2@ZIF‐8 nanoparticles are corn‐like, with a specific surface area of 116.81 m2 g−1, pore volume of 0.31 cm3 g−1, and pore size of 8.43 nm. Curcumin (CUR) was used as an anti‐tumor model drug in drug delivery experiments. The drug loading rate of mSiO2@ZIF‐8 for CUR is 21.39 %. Before modification by Chitosan (CS) and folic acid (FA), the cumulative release rate of CUR is 30.27 % at pH 5.6 and 26.26 % at pH 7.4. After been target functionalized by CS and FA. At pH 5.6 and pH 7.4, the cumulative release rates are 34.21 % and 20.48 %, respectively, within 228 h after drug release in vitro. The results show that the drug delivery system has good pH responsiveness. Zero‐order, first‐order, Higuchi, Hixson Crowell, and Korsmeyer Peppas models were used to describe the release kinetics of mSiO2@ZIF‐8@CUR. The Higuchi model provides the highest fit for the CUR release of mSiO2@ZIF‐8@CUR.
Molecule Passivation of Grain Boundaries for Ultra‐Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yao Yuying , Zhang Jing , Su Hang , Li Yong , Li Nan , Nie Ting , Liu Lidan , Ren Xiaodong , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: December 2022

Perovskite solar cells have become stars in photovoltaics due to their rapidly increased efficiency. However, their stability is still below par due to moisture permeation from grain boundaries and defects. To conquer both problems at once, a passivation agent 3,4,5,6‐tetrafluorophthalicacid (TFPA) is rationally designed to heal both for not only improved cell efficiency but also better stability. It is found that the TFPA is prone to distribute along grain boundaries and has little influence within the bulk of the perovskite film. In addition, it appears that the TFPA helps to reduce the film roughness, to adjust the energy level, to facilitate hole transporting from perovskite to spiro‐OMeTAD, and to increase the hydrophobicity of the perovskite film, as it is demonstrated by the inhibited nonradiative recombination and prolonged carrier lifetime. Owing to strong interactions between F, ‐COOH, and Pb, the device with TFPA shows outstanding efficiency and stability. A perovskite solar cell with TFPA modification delivers a champion efficiency of 23.70% and a significantly enhanced stability that the device maintains 90% of its initial efficiency after 5200 h, among the best ambient stability. Herein, an effective strategy of grain boundary passivation is provided to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells.
The dark universe after reheating in string inflation
Authors: Cicoli Michele , Sinha Kuver , Deal Robert Wiley
Published: December 2022

Abstract

We study the production of dark matter and dark radiation after reheating in string inflation models where the Calabi-Yau has a fibred structure and the visible sector lives on D3 branes. We show how the interplay between different physical constraints from inflation, reheating, supersymmetry breaking and dark radiation, leads to distinct predictions for the nature of dark matter. In particular, in Fibre Inflation dark matter can only be primordial black holes or an open string QCD axion with an intermediate scale decay constant since WIMPs are always too heavy and ultralight closed string axions cannot behave as fuzzy dark matter due to strong isocurvature bounds. On the other hand, Kähler moduli inflation can allow for non-thermal WIMP dark matter at the TeV-scale.
Differential abundance, composition and mesohabitat use by aquatic macroinvertebrate taxa in ponds with and without fish
Authors: Nieoczym Marek , Stryjecki Robert , Buczyński Paweł , Płaska Wojciech , Kloskowski Janusz
Published: December 2022

Fish are known to pose strong effects on invertebrate abundance, species richness and assemblage structure. Littoral vegetation may play a crucial role as a refuge for invertebrates vulnerable to fish predation. We studied relative densities and taxonomic composition of water mites, aquatic beetles and bugs in large lake-like ponds with different fish status (fish-free and containing fish) and mesohabitats (emergent littoral vegetation and open water zone). The macroinvertebrate taxa differed in their responses to the fish presence and in mesohabitat preferences. The density and species richness of water mites were greater in fish-containing ponds, while no differences were found between littoral and open-water habitats. In contrast, beetles were far more numerous and species-rich in fish-free ponds and in littoral vegetation. Total densities of aquatic bugs were non-significantly higher in fish-containing ponds, and they preferred littoral areas, but species richness was independent of fish presence and mesohabitat. No statistical interactions between fish presence and the densities of individual macroinvertebrate groups in the littoral habitat were detected, indicating that their use of emergent littoral vegetation was not an antipredator response to fish. The assemblages of the three macroinvertebrate taxa exhibited nested structures of a different order, consistent with their species richness patterns. Our research stresses the importance of littoral vegetation for the distribution and abundance of aquatic insects; however, high fish presence may not affect or may even benefit ecologically important macroinvertebrate groups, such as water mites or bugs.
Beschluss des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss (G-BA) zur verpflichtenden Einführung und Umsetzung von Akutschmerzmanagementkonzepten – Bedeutung und Konsequenzen für die Ophthalmologie
Authors: Erlenwein Joachim , Meißner Winfried , Heindl Ludwig M. , Leister Nicolas , Castello Roberto , Feltgen Nicolas
Published: December 2022

Die patientenzentrierte und adäquate postoperative Schmerztherapie ist fester Bestandteil eines modernen Behandlungskonzepts und sollte auch in der modernen Augenheilkunde Standard sein. Durch die vom Gemeinsamen Bundesauschuss (G-BA) vorgegebene „Regelung zur verpflichtenden Einführung und Umsetzung von Akutschmerzmanagementkonzepten für eine angemessene postoperative Schmerztherapie“ müssen Kliniken und ambulante Einrichtungen seit dem 09.12.2020 Regelungen zur Schmerztherapie verpflichtend vorhalten. Sehr wahrscheinlich wurde der Bedarf der Schmerztherapie in der Ophthalmochirurgie bisher systematisch unterschätzt, Untersuchungen zur postoperativen Schmerzsymptomatik existieren kaum. Nach Ansicht der Autoren stellt der Beschluss eine Chance dar, um dem Thema mehr Beachtung zu schenken und interdisziplinäre Standards auch für die Augenheilkunde zu entwickeln. In diesem Beitrag sollen der G‑BA-Beschluss und die sich daraus ergebenden Konsequenzen für ophthalmochirurgische Einrichtungen erläutert werden.
Testing Hypotheses for the Emergence of Gestural Communication in Great and Small Apes (Pan troglodytes, Pongo abelii, Symphalangus syndactylus)
Authors: Amici Federica , Liebal Katja
Published: December 2022

Gestural communication is crucial for primates. However, little is known about how gestural repertoires emerge through development. We conducted behavioural observations on captive apes, including 18 siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus), 16 Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii), and 19 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), to test different hypotheses for the emergence of gestures (i.e., Phylogenetic Ritualization, Ontogenetic Ritualization, Social Negotiation, and Social Transmission hypotheses). Our results showed little variation in individual gestural repertories, and only one idiosyncratic gesture. Moreover, across subjects (N = 53), repertoire size did not increase with age and social centrality. When comparing repertoires across all possible combinations of conspecifics, including apes in different groups (N=273) for the four groups of siamangs and the two of orangutans, repertoire similarity was higher in dyads of the same group than of different groups, but it also increased with more observational effort and lower age difference between group members. Finally, when comparing repertoires across all dyads of conspecifics in the same group (N = 260), we found no differences in repertoire similarity depending on dyadic relationship quality. Overall, these results provide support for the Phylogenetic Ritualization hypothesis, according to which individuals are endowed with complete gestural repertories from birth. These repertoires are largely similar across individuals and groups, although they may be partially refined through social experiences.