bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Particularities of the burden of proof in the special procedure
Authors: Chifa Felicia
Published: November 2023

A crucial prerequisite for a lawful and well-founded court decision is the establishment of pertinent circumstances relevant to the case, and this establishment is accomplished through the probation process. The burden of proof refers to the responsibility of a participant in legal proceedings to substantiate specific factual circumstances. The allocation of this burden hinges on the nature of the civil proceedings in question. Based on the nuances of the special procedure, it can be generally stated that the primary burden of proof rests with the petitioner, while other concerned parties assume this responsibility only secondarily, particularly if they won’t face direct adverse consequences in the process. The fundamental components of the burden of proof within the special procedure can be brought into focus by scrutinizing the various categories of cases encompassed by it.
Development of Learning Materials for Nonformal Educational Leadership with Gender-Responsive Values
Authors: Putra Ari
Published: November 2023

This study aims to present the results of a content analysis of gender-responsive values that have been incorporated into non-formal education leadership courses. These courses play a crucial role in preparing prospective non-formal education leaders who are gender-aware and capable of addressing gender-related challenges in educational contexts. The Non-formal Education Leadership course is a vital component in nurturing high-quality leaders in the field of non-formal education. Integrating gender-responsive values into the curriculum of this course is of paramount importance to achieve inclusive and sustainable leadership. The study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing document analysis to examine the syllabus, teaching materials, and teaching methods of non-formal education leadership course documents. The research focuses on developing gender-responsive content values within non-formal education leadership teaching materials, including understanding gender roles in leadership, promoting gender equality in education, dismantling gender stereotypes, and empowering women within the educational context. The study's findings demonstrate that gender-responsive values are thoughtfully integrated into the non-formal education leadership course, aligning with the course's competency objectives and emphasizing the importance of diversity. The syllabus, structured around teaching materials, addresses gender issues in educational leadership and provides relevant case examples. The teaching methods employed facilitate open discussions and reflections on gender matters, encouraging students to adopt inclusive and gender-sensitive perspectives. Moreover, the study highlights efforts made to promote women's participation and empowerment within the context of educational leadership. The non-formal education leadership courses effectively incorporate gender-responsive values that are relevant and significant. Successful implementation of these values will contribute to fostering more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable educational leadership.

Keywords: Leadership, Non-formal Education, Gender Responsive.
Creating Animations with Powerpoint for Kindergarten Teachers in Dumoga Central District and Bolaang Mongondow District
Authors: Putri Ni Luh
Published: November 2023

The ability of kindergarten teachers to create animations is still far from "can," and they only create animations to meet specific requirements or tasks. In fact, compiling animations that were thought to be simple was not as simple as one might think. Creating animation appears to be the same as creating teaching materials in general. In fact, if the animation is organized according to the correct rules and regulations, compiling the animation becomes the most "difficult" research to complete. This is demonstrated by the situation of teachers who have been unable to correctly arrange animations. The community service program, which takes the form of learning media development training for kindergarten teachers in the Dumoga Tengah district, is expected to increase knowledge, skills, and confidence in their profession. Later on, teachers will be more motivated to develop themselves. The outcomes of this training will benefit schools by making the teaching and learning process more interesting by utilizing a wider range of learning media. Furthermore, the availability of training in the development of learning media will improve teachers' abilities to prepare their learning tools.

Keywords: creating animation, PowerPoint
Genus Vernonia - Mini Review
Authors: Babu N. V. Jayanth , Ambika K. , Rao G. M. Narasimha
Published: November 2023

Vernonia is one of the largest taxa under Asteraceae family with approximately 1000 species. This taxon is commonly distributed in South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, and North America. Vernonia speciesare widely used as leafy vegetables especially in some of the African countries. Some species of Vernonia has been used in traditional medicines to treat variety of ailments. In many countries, including India this plan has turned up into obnoxious weed. Species of Vernonia consists of phytochemicals such as fats, proteins, fats, amino acids, minerals, fibres, vitamins, and carbohydrates.

Keywords: Genus Vernonia, Asteraceae, Morphology and ethnomedical applications.
Pembuatan Selulosa Asetat dari Ampas Tebu untuk Diaplikasikan sebagai Bahan Baku Plastik Biodegradable
Authors: Aris Munandar Febri , Yerizam Muhammad , HC Fadarina
Published: November 2023

Kandungan selulosa pada ampas tebu yang cukup tinggi berpotensi untuk dibuat plastik biodegradable dengan mengkonversinya menjadi turunan selulosa, salah satunya selulosa asetat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan kondisi optimal pada pembuatan selulosa asetat dari ampas tebu dan menguji pengaplikasiannya untuk dibuat plastik biodegradable. Metode pembuatan selulosa asetat dilakukan dengan proses asetilasi menggunakan asam asetat glasial sebagai acetylating agent dan asam fosfat sebagai pelarutnya. Variabel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu variasi waktu asetilasi (15, 30, dan 45 menit) dan jumlah pelarut asam fosfat (60, 80, 100, 120, dan 140 ml). Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan kondisi optimum pembuatan selulosa asetat dengan rendemen, kadar asetil, dan derajat subsitusi tertinggi berturut-turut 39,47%; 39,82%, dan 2,5 pada waktu asetilasi 15 menit dan jumlah pelarut 100 ml. Uji pengaplikasian selulosa asetat untuk dibuat plastik biodegradable mendapatkan hasil kuat tarik 6,86 MPa, elongasi 12%, dan terdegradasi dalam 5  hari.
Pengaruh Pac dan Variasi Tekanan Pada Pemurnian Limbah Cair Tahu Menggunakan Membran Polisulfon Ultrafiltrasi
Authors: Sitohang Arga Romauli , Yuliati Selastia , Hasan Abu
Published: November 2023

Limbah cair tahu merupakan cairan kental, umumnya emulsi yang dihasilkan dari proses produksi tahu yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan hidup serta dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada manusia. Penelitian mengenai pemurnian limbah cair tahu menggunakan adsorben telah banyak dilakukan, namun metode tersebut memiliki kelemahan yaitu memungkinkan tertinggalnya adsorben di dalam limbah. Penelitian mengenai pemurnian limbah cair tahu secara konvensional pun sudah banyak, namun hasilnya ternyata kandungan pencemar yang terdapat pada limbah tahu masih terlampau tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat membran polisulfon untuk memurnikan limbah cair tahu. Polisulfon adalah polimer hidrofobik dan merupakan salah satu polimer yang dapat digunakan dalam proses ultrafiltrasi. Membran akan dibuat dengan menggunakan pelarut DMAc dan PEG 400. Limbah cair tahu akan dilewatkan melalui  membran polisulfon secara ultrafiltrasi. Sebelum melalui membran, limbah cair tahu akan melewati proses koagulasi. Koagulan yang digunakan adalah Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) dengan dosis 2000 ppm. Tekanan operasi akan diatur dengan variasi 0,5 ; 1,0 ; 1,5 ; dan 2,0. Untuk analisa morfologi membran akan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Nilai rejeksi terbaik bagi parameter limbah cair tahu seperti COD, TDS, dan ammonia didapatkan pada tekanan 1,5 bar. Semakin tinggi tekanan operasi membran, maka nilai rejeksi membran akan menurun karena hal ini erat kaitannya dengan deformasi membran.
Capítulo 1. Innovación tecnológica y metamorfosis del newsmaking
Authors: Túñez-López José Miguel , Valarezo-González Karina
Published: November 2023

La producción de noticias ha evolucionado en las últimas décadas para ajustarse silentemente a los cambios derivados de las innovaciones tecnológicas y el impacto de la inteligencia artificial. La metamorfosis del newsmaking se evidencia en los primeros medios sintéticos que ofrecen productos elaborados íntegramente sin intervención humana en un contexto en el que la verificación está en alza por el aumento de contenidos con apariencia de veracidad generados intencionadamente para el engaño. La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) y la transformación tecnológica permiten nuevos modos de trabajar en la generación de formatos y de contenidos para todo tipo de soporte.  Este capítulo es una mirada orientada al periodismo y centrada en los medios audiovisuales públicos para abordar como la aplicación de IA fuerte promueve el uso de máquinas y aplicaciones diseñadas con autonomía para aportar soluciones que aprenden trabajando e impactan sobre las rutinas productivas, los canales y plataformas de comunicación, las herramientas que emplean los periodistas, los contenidos que se transmiten a la sociedad y la relación de los medios con sus fuentes y sus audiencias.
Capítulo 10. La automatización para acercarse a las audiencias. ARD Tagesschau, Keys de RTBF, Voitto de Yle y la SR de Suecia como casos de éxito
Authors: Maroto-González Isaac , Prieto-Arosa Juan Manuel
Published: November 2023

La automatización en los servicios audiovisuales públicos europeos es una muestra de ese avance tecnológico y de newsmaking que intenta que el trabajo de los periodistas sea mucho más rápido, fácil y efectivo. Los servicios audiovisuales públicos de Yle de Finlandia, SR de Suecia, ARD de Alemania y RTBF de Bélgica muestran como la Inteligencia Artificial está a la orden del día en las redacciones de los medios de comunicación. Esta investigación, a través de una observación no participante de los diferentes proyectos en alza, es capaz de enseñar como los medios de servicio público buscan diferentes alternativas como la automatización de los contenidos y los bots conversacionales para poder acercarse a unas audiencias cada vez más exigentes en el consumo informativo y de entretenimiento.
Capítulo 2. Verificar para poder innovar: estudios de casos desde la hibridación y la transversalidad entre medios
Authors: Tejedor Santiago , Cervi Laura , Sancho Belén
Published: November 2023

La necesidad de innovar conecta, en el actual panorama mediático, con la urgencia de combatir la desinformación. Estos desafíos se suman a los procesos de hibridación y transversalidad entre las rutinas productivas, los formatos y las dinámicas de trabajo de los medios de comunicación. Partiendo de ello, el trabajo analiza los resultados derivados del estudio detallado de 7 experiencias de verificación en diferentes medios. El estudio identifica procesos muy similares entre los diferentes casos analizados que se fundamentan en valores fundacionales de las rutinas productivas de un medio. Además, se enfatiza en la necesidad de concebir la verificación como un requisito sine qua non para poder aludir a la innovación.
Capítulo 5. Cómo acelerar un periodismo de vanguardia: laboratorios de innovación en las noticias de BBC y VRT
Authors: Fieiras-Ceide César , Martínez-Solana Yolanda
Published: November 2023

Los laboratorios de innovación se han consolidado desde la década de 2010 como un fenómeno en expansión en los medios de comunicación en el ámbito global. Estos departamentos de reducida dimensión aceleran el desarrollo y aplicación de ideas novedosas, tecnologías y recursos disruptivos en las corporaciones, nutriendo al resto de secciones y actuando como puente entre las redacciones y los departamentos de investigación y tecnología. Las radiotelevisiones públicas de Europa también se han sumado a esta tendencia, y en el caso de la BBC y VRT, presentan dos labs de noticias con proyecciones diferentes, externa e interna, respectivamente. Mientras la corporación británica comparte sus más de 80 proyectos de innovación de forma abierta, organiza eventos de puesta en común e incluso permite el acceso al código de sus herramientas, el laboratorio de la VRT se centra en optimizar sus rutinas de trabajo, aproximar a sus periodistas a los procesos innovadores y a generar un intercambio permanente de conocimiento entre secciones. El presente capítulo analiza el origen, estructura, equipos, funcionamiento y proyectos principales de ambos labs a partir de entrevistas a integrantes de los departamentos y del mapeo de sus espacios corporativos.
Capítulo 7. Medios Basados en Objetos: ¿La personalización definitiva? Un análisis de las posibilidades y usos de esta herramienta para la ip-difusión contemporánea
Authors: Vaz-Álvarez Martín , Dragomir Marius
Published: November 2023

La personalización del consumo de contenidos en los medios de comunicación ha experimentado cambios significativos en las últimas décadas, impulsados por los avances en las plataformas digitales y la evolución de los hábitos de consumo hacia los contenidos por demanda y la personalización algorítmica. Los medios lineales tradicionales, en los que los contenidos se emiten en una secuencia predeterminada con escasa o nula interacción de la audiencia, están dando paso gradualmente a formas más dinámicas e interactivas. Una de ellas es la de los Medios Basados en Objetos (OBM). Esta herramienta supone un enfoque innovador sobre la producción y el consumo de medios con la capacidad para transformar de forma significativa nuestra forma de interactuar con ellos, ofreciendo una experiencia personalizada y envolvente que se adapte a las necesidades y preferencias de cada usuario. Este capítulo se adentrará en el concepto de OBM, explorará la tecnología que lo impulsa, debatirá sus ventajas y examinará su uso en la BBC, corporación pionera en el desarrollo de esta herramienta en la producción y difusión de contenidos
Capítulo 8. Innovaciones en periodismo móvil y nuevos códigos informativos
Authors: Costa-Sánchez Carmen , Ufarte-Ruiz María José
Published: November 2023

La llegada del smartphone y la esplendorosa acogida social de la nueva tecnología ha conducido a que los medios de comunicación cuenten con una ventana nueva y continua para relacionarse con los usuarios. Los cambios se producen desde hace más de una década en los procesos de producción y de recepción de la información, una adaptación que ha conducido a acuñar el término MoJo (en inglés) para denominar el nuevo rol del periodista a través de un sistema móvil de cobertura noticiosa. Por otra parte, las audiencias se relacionan con los medios de forma más directa y participativa a través de estos nuevos dispositivos, bien interactuando a través de las redes sociales, bien de manera más co-creativa en experiencias transmedia diseñadas para una información inmersiva o en profundidad. Los medios públicos europeos se adaptan al nuevo escenario con iniciativas pioneras e innovadoras, como las que conoceremos en el presente capítulo. Analizaremos con detalle experiencias como las desarrolladas por RTÉ, medio público de televisión y radio de Irlanda o RTVE en España. El servicio público de televisión procura así una nueva manera de acercarse a los ciudadanos, especialmente a las audiencias más jóvenes, dentro de su misión de informar, educar y entretener, apropiándose de las narrativas y el lenguaje móvil, aquel que mejor conocen y manejan las nuevas generaciones de usuarios.
Capítulo 9. La innovación al servicio de las noticias en la RTS suiza. El caso de los formatos informativos Le Shorts, Le Rencard y Suisse Good
Authors: López-Golán Mónica , Blasco-Blasco Olga
Published: November 2023

Las redes sociales se han convertido en los canales predilectos para el consumo de noticias entre las nuevas generaciones. Conocedores de esta tendencia, los medios europeos de servicio público tratan de adaptar sus estructuras al entorno virtual para aumentar su presencia en la esfera online y conectar con las audiencias más jóvenes. Uno de los casos más representativos de esta adaptación es el de la Radio Telévision Suisse (RTS) que, en plena transformación digital, ha decidido apostar por la difusión informativa a través de diferentes plataformas sociales. Para ello, la corporación suiza ha creado una unidad de producción innovadora desde la que experimenta con nuevas fórmulas informativas que cumplan con las exigencias de estas herramientas interactivas. En este capítulo se expone y analiza el proceso de creación y difusión de tres formatos nativos digitales producidos por esta unidad: Le Short, Le Rencard y Suisse Good. Se profundiza, fundamentalmente, en aquellos factores que influyen en el éxito sostenible en el tiempo de estos tres casos como la producción por parte de profesionales pertenecientes al mismo grupo etario del público objetivo al que van dirigidos o el que las redes sociales a través de las que se difunden sean consideradas como un medio en sí mismo y no un servicio auxiliar que distribuye los contenidos de los medios tradicionales de la corporación.
Conclusión. Innovar en innovación
Authors: Fieiras-Ceide César , Túñez-López José Miguel , Rodríguez-Castro Marta
Published: November 2023

En este libro colectivo, 30 académicas y académicos de reconocida trayectoria en el estudio de los medios de servicio público han analizado más de 15 proyectos innovadores que están siendo aplicados de forma exitosa en la producción o distribución de informativos en las principales radiotelevisiones públicas de Europa. Por tanto, este libro esclarece las tendencias vigentes que están siendo seguidas por las emisoras públicas líderes del panorama europeo con la intención de renovar sus servicios de noticias y de mantener la relevancia de sus servicios informativos para los nuevos públicos digitales.
Prólogo. Inno¿vamos?: Tareas pendientes en la innovación existencial de los medios
Authors: García-Alonso Urbano
Published: November 2023

Si, por innovar, entendemos visualizar el mañana en la agenda del hoy, a los medios de comunicación tradicionales se nos trastabilla el calendario cuando confundimos transformación digital con digitalización, innovación con renovación y cambio cultural con maquillaje transitorio.Partamos de las múltiples motivaciones que nos inducen a innovar: adelantarnos a la competencia, presumir dentro de nuestra industria, participar en una política simbólica, gastar dinero procedente de fondos que no llegarían por otras vías, ejecutar el impulso de un CEO proactivo que quiera dejar legado…pero ¿Qué ocurre cuando el leit motiv de la innovación es la mera supervivencia, la necesidad del cambio para sobrevivir? Hoy en día, este es el mayor principio de acción innovadora en los medios públicos: garantizar nuestra presencia en la vida de las personas. Porque, poco a poco, la vamos perdiendo.
An Appraisal of the Use of Plea Bargaining in the Nigerian Justice System
Authors: Olaleye Olugbile David
Published: November 2023

Plea bargaining as an instrument of justice dispensing has been vilified by many judicial actors and political commentators. This is due to the popular opinion that it favors corrupt high-ranking public and private officials when they are made to face the law. This opinion is anchored on the Marxist school of thought that emphasizes the economic power of the political actors above other societal elements, including the justice system. However, this study reveals that plea bargaining principles also have its merits. Among the identified merits is the fact that plea bargaining helps to reduce the cost of ligation and other associated costs that the State needs to bear in the course of prosecuting corrupt suspects. Also, by deciding cases summarily and speedily through plea bargaining, the court can have time for other cases that need speedy attention thereby ensuring that those concerns receive timely justice. Plea bargaining as an instrument of justice dispensing needs to be encouraged albeit with modifications. The modification should include an element of sufficient deterrence, despite the cooperation of the accused. The essay suggests how to balance the gains of plea bargaining with thorough and truthful dispensing of justice. I submit that plea bargaining is not unjust but there must be a legal framework within the Nigerian justice system that will be a template that will prescribe when, how and for which case the principle can be applied.
Local Government Election Management in Lagos State and the Influence Of A Zero-Sum Game
Authors: David Olaleye Olugbile
Published: November 2023

By intent and definition, the Local Government in a democracy is supposed to be the closest government to the people and its administrator should be decided by its residents through a free and fair election. But in Nigeria, the works of the election management bodies that conduct Local Government elections in the States are cumbersome because the Governors have substantial control over them. For instance, the Chairman of the Lagos States Independent Electoral Commission is nominated by the Governor, who also has a major stake in the outcome of Local Government elections. The Local Government election in Nigeria is a zero-sum game for the ruling party in the State, as election into all the Local Government administrative centers is seen as a 'must-win' for the party of the Governor. One of the reasons for this is that Local Governments in Nigeria receive a monthly statutory allocation from the National Revenue. Also, local government official positions that include: the Chairman, Vice Chairman, Supervisory Councilors and other Councilors are used by the Governors and other ruling elites in the States to ‘settle’ loyal party members in their localities. This paper uses Lagos State to highlight the reality of the management of local government elections in Nigeria. It submits that the mode of configuration and procedure of local government election administration must be changed to a more transparent and unbiased one before the election can be taken seriously by the residents of the State.
Clinical features of the autonomic nervous system and their correlation with psycho-emotional disorders in women with hypertensive states during pregnancy
Authors: Zadorozhniy Yaroslav , Ostafiichuk Svitlana
Published: November 2023

The objective: to evaluate the clinical characteristics and correlation between signs of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction and psychoemotional disorders in pregnant women with gestational hypertension/preeclampsia and pregnant women with hypertensive states during the previous pregnancy.

Materials and methods. The study involved 124 women pregnant women with gestational hypertension/preeclampsia (first group), 48 pregnant women with hypertensive states during the previous pregnancy (second group), and 35 women with a physiological pregnancy (control group). The study of ANS status was conducted by Wein questionnaires for subjective and objective assessment of autonomic status, the evaluation of the Kerdo informative index, and the study of psychoemotional state based on well-being, activity, and mood assessment questionnaire and Spielberger–Khanin scale of reactive and personal anxiety. Data were analyzed using Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA).

Results. Сlinical characteristics of autonomic dysfunction were detected in all pregnant women of the first group with an increase of sympathetic activity in association with psycho-emotional disorders, which were proved based on increasing points on the scales of subjective (36,03±4,08) and objective assessment of autonomic status (44,28±5,45), a 6,1-fold increase in the percentage of patients with sympathicotonia due to Kerdo informative index compared to control, the presence of asthenic disorders was associated with a bad mood and an increased level of high anxiety. In the second group, significant autonomic dysfunction was diagnosed at an early stage, and asthenic disorders associated with high levels of situational anxiety were diagnosed in a higher percentage of patients compared to the control. A significant correlation was proved between the number of points of the Wein objective scale and the scores of well-being, activity, and mood assessment questionnaire(r= – 0,76; p<0,001), the levels of personal (r=0,33; p<0,001) and reactive anxiety (r=0,41; p<0,001).

Conclusions. Therefore, hypertensive states during pregnancy are considered a syndrome of psycho-emotional and autonomic-vascular dysadaptation, caused by the personal characteristics of a woman before the onset of complications against the background of persistent insufficient autonomic support of pregnancy, which indicates the importance of studying the psychological status of a woman and the dysfunction of the ANS in the early stages of pregnancy to find out the expressiveness deviations for monitoring and optimization of treatment and preventive measures.
Surgical and non­surgical methods of penis enlargement
Authors: Lytvak Olena , Shaprynskyi Vasyl , Markova Marianna , Zasieda Yurii
Published: November 2023

Abstract. In this scientific study we reviewed the literature on non-invasive and invasive methods of male genital enhancement. A non-systematic review of current scientific evidence was conducted to obtain reliable data on surgical and non-surgical penile procedures, which may form the basis of possible indications and recommendations for the future. To achieve this goal, we conducted a systematic search for scientific medical information in English-language databases such as MEDLINE, Embase, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) and HMIC (Health Management Information Consortium). We analyzed all articles that met the specified search parameters. In addition, a manual search for relevant references in the found texts was conducted.
The study conducted in this paper examined and recorded the main results related to changes in penis size in men who used both non-surgical and surgical methods of penis enlargement. One of the key goals of this study was to examine in detail the impact of different methods on the length and girth of the penis, as well as to analyze possible complications after these procedures.
The principles of choosing treatment methods for patients who express a desire to increase the size of the penis are based on the individual characteristics of the patient, his medical indicators and personal preferences. Doctors should take into account the patient's general health status, possible risks of complications, and his realistic expectations of the procedure.
Based on the results of the literature analysis, a strategy for working with patients before penis enlargement procedures was generalized. This strategy includes detailed counseling of the patient about possible methods, their benefits and risks, as well as taking into account his personal wishes. An important step is to prepare the patient for the procedure, including all the necessary examinations and tests to determine his suitability for the intervention.
Frequency and structure of thyroid disfunction is at gynaecological diseases
Authors: Netskar Iryna
Published: November 2023

The objective. Women have a study of frequency and structure of thyroid violations with gynaecological diseases.
Materials and methods. The screening estimation of pathology of thyroid is conducted was mine-out in 298 women with infertility (basic group) and in 50 fertility of women which appealed to the clinic for the selection of method of contraception (control group). The selection of patients was carried out by the opened cohort method as far as handling of patients infertility in the separation of maintainance and proceeding in a reproductive function. A questionnaire is conducted in 205 women with infertility. The inspection of patients with infertility was conducted in accordance with the generally accepted diagnostic algorithm, including endoscopic methods, and treatment – depending on found out reasons of infertility.
Results. Prevalence of thyroid pathology women with infertility had at 3,8 time higher as compared to fertility women (48,0% and 12,5% respectively, p<0,05). In the structure of thyroid pathology at infertility prevailed the transmitter of antibodies to thyroperoxidase in combination with the signs of echo of autoimmune thyroiditis (24,0%); hypothyroidism as a result of autoimmune thyroiditis (9,4%), including manifest (0,8%) and subclinical (8,6%) women and euthyroid goitre (7,8%), while part of patients with infertility and thyrotoxicosis was low (0,6%). The estimation of the state of the reproductive system for women with infertility depending on found out pathology of thyroid rotined that a leading place in the structure of reasons of infertility for women external genital endometriosis occupied with autoimmuny thyroiditis - 34,4%, for women with found out a hypothyroidism is an endocrine factor of infertility (polycystic ovary syndrome) – 29,8%, for patients with the compensated hypothyroidism is external genital endometriosis (26,6%), for women with a euthyroid goitre and for patients without pathology of thyroid - pipe peritoneal factor (33,3% and 39,8%, respectively).
Conclusion. The results of questionnaire, conducted for women with infertility, showed the low diagnostic value of clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism as compared to laboratory diagnostics in verification of this diagnosis. A sensitiveness of symptoms was low and hesitated from 16,1% to 27,8%, while specificity of symptoms was considerable and varied from 85,1% to 94,5%. A leading place in the structure of reasons of infertility for women with autoimmuny thyroiditis occupies external genital endometriosis (34,4%); for patients with a hypothyroidism is endocrine infertility (29,8%), for women with a euthyroid goitre and without pathology of thyroid - pipe peritoneal factor of infertility (33,3% and 39,8%). The got results must be taken into account at development of algorithm of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic measures.
Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Meropenem in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Rao Narala Srinivasa , Saraswathi K.
Published: November 2023

A simple, sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method for the determination of Meropenem has been proposed. The method is based on the formation of an ion-association complex between the drug and acidic dye methyl orange, which was a pale yellow colored chromogen extracted with dichloro methane from the aqueous phase, measured at 400 nm. The Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 10 - 30 µg/ml. Thus results of the proposed method was validated statistically and applied successfully to the determination of Meropenem in bulk and its dosage forms.
Mathematical Model of Insulin-like growth factor-1 estimating its cause in human bone cancer arises due to liver cancer
Authors: Kandula Ramanamoorthy , S. Jain Rupali , Kandula Sandhya , Reddy B. Surendranath
Published: November 2023

The insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a peptide hormone that is regulated by growth hormone and secreted in the liver; its prime role is to regulate the growth and proliferation of the bone cell. Our study results relate to the cause of bone cancer due to high IGF-1 levels in liver metastatic conditions. Liver cancer increases the liver volume which further increases IGF-1 secretion to a toxic level, which in turn causes uncontrolled bone cell proliferation and maturation thus leading to bone cancer. Thus, the mathematical model was designed to explain the kinetics of IGF-1 from the liver to bone and mathematically simplified using the ordinary differential equation, and IGF-1 concentration was estimated in the normal and cancerous state. The mathematical simulation was done using a high throughput technique using MATLAB (version R2020a). The model parameter condition due to liver cancer is considered as an increase in liver volume (vL), The initial mass of IGF-1(x01), and the varying rate constants (kP, kL, ke1, and ke2). The graphical results represent the volume of the liver and synthesis of IGF-1 increases with varying abnormal rate constants giving the estimation of an increase in IGF-1 concentration in plasma, and more IGF-1 deposits over the bone to a toxic level.
Financiamiento público de la ciencia y la tecnología. Un estudio de la evolución del presupuesto público argentino de función ciencia y técnica (1983-2022)
Authors: Aristimuño Francisco Javier
Published: November 2023

En este artículo se analiza la evolución del financiamiento del sector científico-tecnológico argentino según fue programado en los presupuestos nacionales aprobados entre 1983 a 2022. A lo largo de este período acontecieron importantes modificaciones en la estructura de financiamiento del sector; en particular, se incorporaron nuevas instituciones al sector y se sumaron organismos internacionales a su financiamiento. El artículo otorga una visión de mediano y largo plazo (casi cuatro décadas) de tres dimensiones del financiamiento al sector. En primer lugar, se estudia su evolución absoluta ajustando su valor en moneda local según distintos índices y transformando, a su vez, a dólares corrientes y constantes. En segundo lugar, se provee un análisis de la distribución relativa de dicho financiamiento entre los principales organismos del sector. De este modo se busca proveer una mirada sobre el orden de relevancia que el sector tuvo en los distintos gobiernos del período y las instituciones a través de las cuales se decidió volcar dicho financiamiento. Finalmente, se provee un estudio del carácter económico de los gastos de cada una de las principales instituciones del sector. Como consecuencia del análisis, se pueden ver las estrategias de desarrollo asumidas por distintos gobiernos, además de patrones comunes ante los ciclos macroeconómicos.
System describing surgical field extension associated with flap reconstruction after resection of a superficial malignant soft tissue tumor
Authors: Sakamoto Akio , Noguchi Takashi , Matsuda Shuichi
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Flap reconstruction after resection of a superficial malignant soft tissue tumor extends the surgical field and is an indicator for potential recurrence sites.

AIM

To describe a grading system for surgical field extension of soft tissue sarcomas.

METHODS

Grading system: CD-grading is a description system consisting of C and D values in the surgical field extension, which are related to the compartmental position of the flap beyond the nearby large joint and deeper extension for the pedicle, respectively. C1/D1 are positive values and C0/D0 are negative. With a known location, 1/0 values can be "p" (proximal), "d" (distal), and "b" (in the tumor bed), and the description method is as follows: flap type, CxDx [x = 0, 1, p, d or b].

RESULTS

Four representative patients with subcutaneous sarcomas who underwent reconstruction using fasciocutaneous flaps are presented. The cases involved a distal upper arm (elbow) synovial sarcoma reconstructed using a pedicled latissimus dorsi (pedicled flap: CpDp); a distal upper arm (elbow) pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma reconstructed using a transpositional flap from the forearm (transpositional flap: CdD0); an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in the buttocks reconstructed using a transpositional flap (transpositional flap: C0D0); and a myxofibrosarcoma in the buttocks reconstructed using a propeller flap from the thigh (pedicled flap: CdDd).

CONCLUSION

The reconstruction method is chosen by the surgeon based on size, location, and other tumor characteristics; however, the final surgical field cannot be determined based on preoperative images alone. CD-grading is a description system consisting of C and D values in the surgical field extension that are related to the compartmental position of the flap beyond the nearby large joint and deeper extension for the pedicle, respectively. The CD-grading system gives a new perspective to the flap reconstruction classification. The CD-grading system also provides important information for follow-up imaging of a possible recurrence.
Autoimmune diabetes from pembrolizumab: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Bhanderi Hardikkumar , Khalid Farhan , Bodla Zubair Hassan , Muhammad Tayyeb , Du Doantrang , Meghal Trishala
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Immunotherapy, specifically the use of checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab, has become an important tool in personalized cancer therapy. These inhibitors target proteins on T-cells that regulate the immune response against tumor cells. Pembrolizumab, which targets the programmed cell death 1 receptor on T-cells, has been approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. However, it can also lead to immune-related side effects, including pneumonitis, colitis, thyroid abnormalities, and rare cases of type 1 diabetes.

CASE SUMMARY

The case presented involves an adult patient in 30s with breast cancer who developed hyperglycemia after receiving pembrolizumab treatment. The patient was diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis and further investigations were performed to evaluate for new-onset type 1 diabetes. The patient had a history of hypothyroidism and a family history of breast cancer. Treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis was initiated, and the patient was discharged for close follow-up with an endocrinologist.

CONCLUSION

This literature review highlights the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis and new-onset type 1 diabetes in patients receiving pembrolizumab treatment for different types of cancer. Overall, the article emphasizes the therapeutic benefits of immunotherapy in cancer treatment, particularly pembrolizumab, while also highlighting the potential side effect of immune-related diabetes that can occur in a small percentage of patients. Here we present a case where pembrolizumab lead to development of diabetes after a few cycles highlighting one of the rare yet a serious toxicity of the drug.
Global Modernism: The Literary Language of the Japanese, Shanghainese, and Taiwanese New Sensationalist Schools
Authors: Yeung Choi-Kit
Published: November 2023

This article investigates the thought on literary language that arose from the circulation of the New Sensationalist School in Japan, Shanghai, and Taiwan. Divided into three sections, it first examines Yokomitsu Riichi’s modernist formal renovation, which was based on a rediscovery of the Chinese ideogram’s physical and visual features. Situating this formal renovation in the literary Sinitic context (Kanbunmyaku 漢文脈) sheds light on Yokomitsu’s ambition to build a modernist nationalist literary language. Second, this article analyzes the characteristics of the multilingual fragments in Liu Na’ou’s works and suggests three possible explanations for his linguistic style. This article also points out that Liu’s linguistic diversity might be criticized for being a kind of comprador literature, which, consciously or not, imported the colonial or orientalist gaze inherent in foreign literary texts. Third, this article focuses on Weng Nao, a Taiwanese New Sensationalist writer working in Japanese, and highlights how his eclecticist writing strategy championed archetypically Taiwanese subjects while allowing the form to parallel those of his Japanese counterparts. In the conclusion, we discuss the hybridity of the literary languages of Yokomitsu, Liu Na’ou, and Weng Nao, and some possible ways to reflect upon written language (bun/wen) in the Sinosphere (Kanjibunkaken/Hanjiwenhuaquan).
Spatial and seasonal variations, ecological and human risks of trace metals in major rivers within the oil producing zone of Nigeria
Authors: Helen Solomon Etuk  , Godwin Asukwo Ebong  , Aniefiokmkpong Okokon Okon  , Idongesit Bassey Anweting  , Anietie Ekong Ekot
Published: November 2023

The concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in sediments from Great Kwa, Calabar, Cross River, Imo, and Qua Iboe Rivers were investigated during the dry and wet seasons using standard techniques. Results indicated that the mean concentrations of all the metals were within their acceptable limits although; higher concentrations were obtained during the wet season. Cd was the major contaminant in the studied sediments; the ecological risks of all the metals except Cd were in the low class. The potential ecological risks of the metals were in the low and moderate categories during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Sediments from Qua Iboe River exhibited very high human health risks for both seasons. Factor analysis revealed anthropogenic and natural factors as the major sources of these metals in sediments from the rivers investigated for both seasons. The estimated daily intake (EDI) rates of these metals via exposure to the studied sediments were within their recommended oral reference doses however; higher wet season values were recorded. The hazard index (HI) values of the trace metals were less than one (1) but, higher during the wet season. Pb and Cd were the major contributors to the total HI during the dry and wet seasons. The relative risk analysis for both seasons also confirmed Cd as the major human risk in the studied sediments. This research has exposed the levels of trace metals and their associated human risks in sediments from the rivers investigated.
Phytodiversity and sustainable Management status of Reforested Sites of the Soudano-Sahelian Zone of Cameroon
Authors: Paul Kodji , . Tchobsala , Guidakre Beyang Ware , Gilbert Haiwa , Danra Dieudonne Djackba , Konksala Souare
Published: November 2023

A study was carried out on the phytodiversity and the sustainable management situation of reforested sites in order to ameliorate the living conditions of the local population of three villages (Kilguim, Going I and Going II) of Kaélé in the Mayo-Kani division. The semi-structured and structured maintenance beside the 200 persons and the registration of the vegetation was done in three villages. Findings revealed higher bushfires practice in sites. Data analysis proved that the practice of bushfires in forbidden or restricted sites (83.50 ± 16.01), the lack of plausibility studies of reforestation projects associating local populations (78.50 ± 13.99), insufficiency of bore holes for constant water supply for the follow up of the reforestation (76.00 ± 19.10), lack of specialized structures in the reforestation domain (72.83 ± 13.03), the insufficiency of sensitization on the importance of reforestation (71.67 ± 27.55) and the cutting of wood (68.00 ± 12.17) are real problems that the reforestation sites faces. The confiscation of land for reforestation without any alternative measure taken for the assurance of alimentary security and firewood of the population is the major cause of the dissatisfaction of the riverine population. The death rate is pretty elevated in the Kilguim site (15%) because of the lack of maintenance in reforested sites. The Shannon index is very high in the Going I site (2.71bits) because it is less perturbed by anthropic activities. Vegetation presents a structure in the form of a bell or cloche in prohibited sites translate a heterogeneity of the milieu because of anthropic perturbations. The durable management plan was opted for the management of reforestation sites.
Ağaçlandırma çalışmalarında fidan kalitesinin hayatta kalmaya etkisi
Authors: Cetinkaya Durmus
Published: November 2023

Ağaçlandırma çalışmalarının ekolojik dengeyi koruduğu, hava kalitesini iyileştirdiği, biyolojik çeşitliliği teşvik ettiği ve ekonomik faydalar sağlayarak ağaçların ekosistemler ve insan refahındaki hayati rolünü artırdığı bilinmektedir. Bu yönüyle ağaçlandırma; ormansızlaşma, iklim değişikliği ve erozyon gibi çevresel zorlukların azaltılması için çok önemlidir. Ayrıca kereste, ilaç ve ekonomik kalkınma dahil olmak üzere sürdürülebilir kaynak kullanımı için fırsatlar sunar. Ağaçlandırmada kullanılan fidanlarının kalitesinin, ağaçlandırma çalışmalarının başarısını önemli ölçüde etkilediği bilinmektedir. Yüksek kaliteli fidanlar bitkilerin hayatta kalma oranını artırır, hızlı büyümeyi teşvik eder ve daha sağlıklı, daha üretken orman topluluklarının oluşmasına yardımcı olur. Kaliteli fidan temini için, fidanlık kurulumunun yanı sıra tohum üretimi, seçimi, tohum ekimi ve fidan bakımını da içeren titiz süreçlerin ön palana alınması gerekmektedir. Özetle, kaliteli fidan kullanımının ağaçlandırma projelerinin devamlılığı üzerindeki etkisi göz ardı edilemez. Üstün genetiğe ve sağlam kök sistemlerine sahip yüksek kaliteli fidanlar daha sağlıklı bireylerin ortaya çıkmasını teşvik eder. Bunun aksine, düşük kaliteli fidanların kullanımı ise proje başarısını engelleyerek maliyetlerin artmasına ve çevresel kaynak israfına yol açabilir. Bu nedenle, dikkatli fidan seçimi ve kalite kontrolü, ekosistem hizmetlerine ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe katkıda bulunan başarılı bir ağaçlandırma için zorunludur. Bu literatür derlemesi, ağaçlandırma çalışmalarında kullanılan fidan kalitesinin fidanların hayatta kalma başarısı üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
Analysis of Fractional Linear Multi-Step Methods of Order Four from Super-Convergence
Authors: Nasir Haniffa Mohamed , Al Hasani Khadija
Published: November 2023

We analyze two implicit fractional linear multi-step methods of order four for solving fractional initial value problems. The methods are derived from the Grunwald-Letnikov approximation of fractional derivative at a non-integer shift point with super-convergence. The weight coefficients of the methods are computed from fundamental G unwald weights, making them computationally efficient when compared with other known methods of order four. We also show that the stability regions are larger than that of the fractional Adams-Moulton and fractional backward difference formula methods. We present numerical results and illustrations to verify that the theoretical results obtained are indeed satisfied.