bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the role of pleiotrophin and its receptors in development and angiogenesis
Authors: Papadimitriou Evangelia , Mourkogianni Eleni , Ntenekou Despoina , Christopoulou Magdalini , Koutsioumpa Marina , Lamprou Margarita
Published: September 2021

The secreted growth factor pleiotrophin (PTN) is expressed in all species and is evolutionarily highly conserved, suggesting that it plays a significant role in the regulation of important processes. The observation that it is highly expressed at early stages during development and in embryonic progenitor cells highlights a potentially important contribution to development. There is ample evidence of the role of PTN in the development of the nervous system and hematopoiesis, some, albeit inconclusive, evidence of its role in the skeletomuscular system, and limited evidence of its role in the development of other organs. Studies on its role in the cardiovascular system and angiogenesis suggest that PTN has a significant regulatory effect by acting on endothelial cells, while its role in the functions of smooth or cardiac muscle cells has not been studied. This review highlights what is known to date regarding the role of PTN in the development of various organs and in angiogenesis. Wherever possible, evidence on the crosstalk between the receptors that mediate PTN’s functions is also quoted, highlighting the complex regulatory pathways that affect development and angiogenesis.
EMG Analysis of Dominant and Non-Dominant Arm of Latissimus Dorsi Muscles in Bowlers of Karad, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Lad Pradip Raghunath , Patil Dhairysheel Sanjay , Patil Smita Chandrakant , Chotai Khushboo Trishant
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Latissimus dorsi plays an important role in bowlers. Different bowling techniques recruit latissimus dorsi at different phases of bowling. This causes the muscle to undergo excessive contraction than its limit. Despite widespread knowledge about the recruitment of latissimus dorsi in bowling, there is limited electromyographic (EMG) studies about latissimus dorsi. It is necessary to evaluate and document the recruitment of latissimus dorsi in dominant and non-dominant arm in bowlers, which is focused in this study. This study was done to analyse the surface EMG activity of latissimus dorsi muscle in dominant and non-dominant arm during bowling. METHODS A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among 96 professional cricket bowlers from deluxe cricket club and Yashwanthrao Chavan’s cricket club in Karad. EMG electrodes were applied over the latissimus dorsi muscle and the bowlers were asked to perform the action of bowling. The root mean square (RMS) and mean peak amplitude of the dominant and non-dominant arm were recorded. RESULTS The RMS (12.45 ± 2.84) values and mean peak amplitude (131.77 ± 44.11) of the dominant latissimus dorsi varied significantly from non-dominant muscle (P = 0.0015). Wilcoxon test was utilized for analysis of within group parameters. CONCLUSIONS The result of the present study showed strong evidence to support high recruitment of dominant latissimus dorsi in professional bowlers suggests the changes occurred in the physiological as well as biomechanical muscular structure. KEY WORDS EMG, Dominant, Non-Dominant, Latissimus Dorsi, Fast Bowlers
Biocompatibility of Medical Devices - A Review
Authors: Gangadhar Ramya Shree , V Balamuralidhara , S.R. Rajeshwari
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Biomaterial is defined as "any substance or combination of medicine, artificial or natural origin, which can be used at any time, in whole or part by a system that controls, adds to, or restores any tissue, organ or function". ISO 10993-1: 2018 standard defines bio compliance law as "the ability of a medical device or tool to perform a selected program with the acceptable response of experts". Incompatible factors cause chemical reactions in patients, with little or no side effects. The body can respond in a sort of way after the installation of medical devices, so testing and improvement is important here. Therefore, testing and improvement in this field are important. Biocompatibility is required for any significant use of components or materials in medical devices. Inconsistent factors create negative biological responses in patients, which may have serious consequences. Biomaterials are substances utilized in medical devices, especially in applications where the device is touched, temporarily embedded, or permanently implanted within the body. Because of the significant impact of biocompatibility, many countries have imposed regulations on medical device manufacturers to meet biocompatibility specifications. Here is a brief explanation about the biocompatibility and incompatibility parameters of medical devices with a human body and its need for biocompatibility of medical devices with the human body. Medical devices have improved doctors' ability to diagnose and treat disease, which has led to significant improvements in health and quality of life. Thus, medical devices are prone to various incompatibility issues and procedures that affect the biological environment must be followed. KEY WORDS Biocompatibility, Material Interactions, Sterilization, Medical devices, Biocompatibility Testing, Incompatibility Factors.
Coronavirus - New Variants and New Symptoms
Authors: Simon Raena , Poojary Abhishek , H.T. Ajay Rao , Sargod Sharan S. , Suvarna Reshma , Shabbir Afreen , Hegde Nanditha , Mahaveeran Shrivya Saloni
Published: September 2021

Corona virus disease 2019, also known as Covid-19, is a public health crisis that is threatening the world. It is rapidly spreading and highly contagious. The etiological agent is SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus - 2). It is even more contagious than SARS - CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS - CoV). This ailment was declared as a ‘pandemic’ by WHO and Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). It was reported first in Wuhan, China in 2019. The most probable route of human to human transmission is mainly through respiratory droplets, touching or coming into contact with infected person or contaminated surfaces. Recently corona virus has mutated and new strains have been produced. Among the new variants, the UK variant which is known as ‘B.1.1.7’ is 40 to 70 percent more transmissible than the original corona strain. New strains of corona virus have been producing new strange symptoms. These symptoms are called ‘Non classic symptoms’. New strains are causing more weakness and lethargy. Oral manifestations are more common in the new variants. Pediatric symptoms vary depending on the stage of the disease, prior health status, and the presence of comorbidities. For the first 3 months during Covid-19 pandemic, it was expected to be an immunizing non - relapsing disease. But many secondary infection cases are reported recently. On considering the modes of transmission, dentists are in a very high risk category, because of the close contact with patients and the nature of the dental treatment. This article mainly emphasizes the importance of new strains of corona virus and its symptoms, oral manifestations, pediatric symptoms, reinfection potential and dental considerations. KEY WORDS Covid-19, Variants, Coronavirus, Oral Manifestations,Dentistry.
Introductory remarks
Authors: Kroó Norbert
Published: September 2021

The logo of the Institute of Advanced Studies Kőszeg (iASK) refers to a more than 100 – year old, but still topical problem: how to join 9 dots arranged in a box - like square format with four straight lines without lifting the pen. The solution is only possible if, while moving the pen, we get out of the box. The box in fact does not exist, it is only a self imposed virtual limitation. Even more, the task can be solved also by using just one straight line, the only problem is that in order to achieve that the earth has to be circled twice. But why not circle the earth twice? We certainly have to consider the cost/benefit aspect as well but the lesson must not be forgotten: we shoud think twice before calling the solution of a task impossible
Inside and outside of science the legacy of Elemér Hankiss
Authors: Miszlivetz Ferenc
Published: September 2021

Elemér Hankiss was one of the most influential and brilliant thinkers of the past half century in Hungary and Central Europe. His work overarches disciplines from literary criticism and sociology, to political science, anthropological philosophy and civilizational theory. Thanks to his numerous essays and media appearances he was highly appreciated and well-respected as a non-partisan public intellectual. This essay investigates some of the lesser known aspects of his oeuvre, and his contribution to creating a unique advanced study centre in Western Hungary’s historic city of Kőszeg. It also highlights his outstanding ability to oscillate between different disciplines and public activities, while at the same time continuously focusing on the existential questions of human existence.
East – Asian Lead Firms’ Impact on the Electronics Industry of the V4 Countries: Samsung and Its Competitors
Authors: Magasházi Anikó
Published: September 2021

The paper investigates the rapid, FDI-driven expansion of the electronics industry in the V4 countries from the second half of the nineties through their inclusion into the global value chains of East-Asian lead firms with their home base in countries, such as in Korea, Taiwan or Singapore and China. The paper analyses opportunities for upgrading of East-Asian manufacturing subsidiaries and their local suppliers in the V4 region towards higher value-added activities, and the level of the subsidiaries’ embeddedness after 30 years of their appearance as well as their impact on trade relations between East – Asia and the V4.
Success Factors for University Incubators - A Benchmarking Model for Better Performance
Authors: Dániel Zoltán András , Porkoláb Patrícia Fanni
Published: September 2021

Changing economic circumstances and technological advances are having an impact on the economic and social role of universities. Nowadays, university students, teachers and researchers are coming up with more and more innovative ideas, but they are unable to put their results into practice because of their lack of entrepreneurial skills. University incubators are specialised business incubators that create a link between university, business, and government, generating a significant impact on the local economy. In our research, we have highlighted the aspects that may be most relevant to the operation of 48 incubators in the world and analysed their performance. The comparative analysis allowed the creation of a standard model and the presentation of its success factors.
Rehydration of Dried-Out Specimens: a New Approach
Authors: Neisskenwirth F.
Published: September 2021

Different procedures are proposed in the literature for the rehydration of dried-out specimens. These procedures vary greatly in their efficiency and application. This work describes a new procedure that is inspired by the literature but that avoids heating the specimens. This method was applied to reconditioning dried-out specimens from a historical collection (Swiss freshwater fishes, bird brains, and bird eyes), stored at the Naturhistorisches Museum Bern in Switzerland. The procedure consists of five steps. The first step is the softening of hardened soft tissue with benzaldehyde and demineralized water. The second step is an indirect rehydration with water vapor. The third step is a chemically induced direct hydration using a trisodium phosphate solution that allows the specimen to swell in size before being washed with water to remove all additives. Finally, the rehydrated specimen is transferred into new preserving fluid. Because the dehydrating properties of ethanol as a preservative are problematic, this paper presents the results of an experimental case study using a glycerol solution as a preservation fluid.
Comorbidity of atopic bronchial asthma and food allergy in adults
Authors: Zhorina Y. , Ignatov G. , Abramovskikh O. , Zherebcova I.
Published: September 2021

Adult patients with atopic bronchial asthma are susceptible to food allergy, in more than one third of cases, while asthma is a risk factor for severe life-threatening factors. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and relationship of food allergies with atopic bronchial asthma in adults living in Chelyabinsk. Materials and methods. An analysis of 313 outpatient case histories of patients with atopic bronchial asthma over the age of 18 was performed. Results. The presence of food allergy was a factor in the earlier onset of atopic bronchial asthma, which is consistent with the concept of comorbidity of these diseases. Patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and pollen sensitization have an increased risk of developing food allergies (OR – 2.075 [1.27- 3.39]), p=0,004. The overall incidence of oral allergic syndrome among all patients with atopic asthma and plant sensitization was 33% [28; 37]. Plant products (fruits, honey, nuts) were the cause of food allergic reactions in 87% [80; 92] of adult cases. The main clinical manifestations were: oral allergic syndrome, urticaria, angioedema, shortness of breath. Sensitization to pollen of trees, grasses and weeds approximately equally increases the risk of developing an oral allergic syndrome, upon sensitization to tree pollen (OR – 3.08 [2.32-4.25]), to grass pollen (OR – 3.5 [2.23-5.61]), to weed pollen (OR – 2.86 [2.02-4.03]). The combination of several types of pollen sensitization increases by 4 times the risk of developing oral allergic syndrome to a wide range of foods. Conclusion. Data on the causes and clinical manifestations of food allergies in combination with bronchial asthma have been obtained. The notion of a significant risk of developing dangerous clinical manifestations of food allergy in patients with atopic bronchial asthma will make it possible to reasonably prescribe emergency drugs for independent use.
No significant benefit of moderate-dose vitamin C on severe COVID-19 cases
Authors: Zheng Shaoping , Chen Qiaosen , Jiang Hongbo , Guo Chunxia , Luo Jinzhuo , Li Sumeng , Wang Hua , Li Huadong , Zheng Xin , Weng Zhihong
Published: September 2021

There is no specific drug for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to investigate the possible clinical efficacy of moderate-dose vitamin C infusion among inpatients with severe COVID-19. Data of 397 adult patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to a designated clinical center of Wuhan Union Hospital (China) between February 13 and February 29, 2020, were collected. Besides standard therapies, patients were treated with vitamin C (2–4 g/day) or not. The primary outcome was all-cause death. Secondary outcome was clinical improvement of 2 points on a 6-point ordinal scale. About 70 participants were treated with intravenous vitamin C, and 327 did not receive it. No significant association was found between vitamin C use and death on inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis (weighted hazard ratio [HR], 2.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91–7.89). Clinical improvement occurred in 74.3% (52/70) of patients in the vitamin C group and 95.1% (311/327) in the no vitamin C group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups on IPTW analysis (weighted HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.55–1.07). Our findings revealed that in patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with moderate dose of intravenous vitamin C had no significant benefit on reducing the risk of death and obtaining clinical improvement.
The Routes of Neolithisation: The Middle Struma Valley from a Regional Perspective
Authors: Grębska-Kulow Małgorzata , Zidarov Petar
Published: September 2021

The frontier position of the Balkan Peninsula, next to Anatolia and the Aegean, emphasises its key importance for the study of the Neolithisation processes taking place in Europe during the seventh–sixth millennia BC. A look at the distribution of most Early Neolithic sites along the submeridional alluvial plains of its central mountainous part often leaves the impression that the valleys of the Vardar, Struma, Mesta and Maritsa rivers functioned as natural corridors, allowing for the rapid advance of the farming way of life towards the interior regions of Europe. However, comparative analysis of the distribution patterns of specific diagnostic components of Early Neolithic cultures, such as white painted pottery, anthropomorphic figurines and miniature “cult tables”, from the Early Neolithic settlements in the Middle Struma Valley, southwestern Bulgaria, namely Kovachevo, Ilindentsi, Brezhani, Drenkovo and Balgarchevo I shows a rather unexpected direction and dynamic of cultural/social contact during this crucial period.
Trial-to-Trial Variability of Spiking Delay Activity in Prefrontal Cortex Constrains Burst-Coding Models of Working Memory
Authors: Li Daming , Constantinidis Christos , Murray John D.
Published: September 2021

A hallmark neuronal correlate of working memory (WM) is stimulus-selective spiking activity of neurons in PFC during mnemonic delays. These observations have motivated an influential computational modeling framework in which WM is supported by persistent activity. Recently, this framework has been challenged by arguments that observed persistent activity may be an artifact of trial-averaging, which potentially masks high variability of delay activity at the single-trial level. In an alternative scenario, WM delay activity could be encoded in bursts of selective neuronal firing which occur intermittently across trials. However, this alternative proposal has not been tested on single-neuron spike-train data. Here, we developed a framework for addressing this issue by characterizing the trial-to-trial variability of neuronal spiking quantified by Fano factor (FF). By building a doubly stochastic Poisson spiking model, we first demonstrated that the burst-coding proposal implies a significant increase in FF positively correlated with firing rate, and thus loss of stability across trials during the delay. Simulation of spiking cortical circuit WM models further confirmed that FF is a sensitive measure that can well dissociate distinct WM mechanisms. We then tested these predictions on datasets of single-neuron recordings from macaque PFC during three WM tasks. In sharp contrast to the burst-coding model predictions, we only found a small fraction of neurons showing increased WM-dependent burstiness, and stability across trials during delay was strengthened in empirical data. Therefore, reduced trial-to-trial variability during delay provides strong constraints on the contribution of single-neuron intermittent bursting to WM maintenance.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThere are diverging classes of theoretical models explaining how information is maintained in working memory by cortical circuits. In an influential model class, neurons exhibit persistent elevated memorandum-selective firing, whereas a recently developed class of burst-coding models suggests that persistent activity is an artifact of trial-averaging, and spiking is sparse in each single trial, subserved by brief intermittent bursts. However, this alternative picture has not been characterized or tested on empirical spike-train data. Here we combine mathematical analysis, computational model simulation, and experimental data analysis to test empirically these two classes of models and show that the trial-to-trial variability of empirical spike trains is not consistent with burst coding. These findings provide constraints for theoretical models of working memory.
Reconsidering the Aesthetics of Garbage in Waste Land
Authors: Hayward Marcum Joni
Published: September 2021

In the 2010 documentary film Waste Land, directed by Lucy Walker and co-directed by João Jardim and Karen Harley, Brazilian-born and Brooklyn-based visual artist Vik Muniz travels to the Jardim Gramacho landfill outside of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. There, he creates works of art out of material from the landfill with the help of several catadores, or pickers, who work there. Though Muniz’s visual artwork and Walker’s film both form an aesthetic of garbage by making trash the material most central to their work, their redemptive impulses should be questioned, and their use of garbage aesthetics analyzed. Their work simultaneously takes part in and falls short of the political goals of this aesthetic, namely, to focus both visual and political attention on the inequalities faced by marginalized people, places, and materials. In reading Waste Land for the ways in which it both embraces and shirks garbage aesthetics, I will suggest how this aesthetic approach can help interrogate the limitations and possibilities offered by the theorizations of the Anthropocene, Capitalocene, and Chthulucene they intersect with, calling attention to their political and aesthetic qualities.
Remembering the Dead and Say Their Names
Authors: Barber John F.
Published: September 2021

This essay considers the role of sound, as in spoken voice, in two multimedia memorials to individuals killed by violence in the United States. The first is Remembering the Dead, a memorial to victims of mass shootings from the 1880s to the present. The second is Say Their Names, a memorial to victims of police violence and brutality. The use of sound (the speaking aloud of victims' names) in both these installations is meant to create and extend a space, a temporary autonomous zone that offers—through thoughtful listening to the names of victims spoken aloud—perceptual, phenomenological, and sensory engagements with the act of remembrance to provide witness and memorial for those killed and to promote meaningful social and civic justice to stop the killings. In this regard, both projects were conceived and developed as media activism.
The formation and criteria of oil- and gas-bearing potential of hydrocarbon accumulations of the Western oil-gas region of Ukraine
Authors: Pavlyuk Myroslav , Lazaruk Yaroslav , Shlapinsky Volodymyr , Savchak Olesya , Kolodiy Ivanna , Ternavsky Myroslav , Hryvniak Halyna , Huzarska Lyubov , Kovalchuk Natalia
Published: September 2021

In the paper we have analysed hydrocarbon deposits of the Western region according to their belonging to the tectonic zones, stratigraphic complexes, types and depths of occurrence. The law-governed nature of alteration in physical-chemical properties of oil and gas, hydrogeological and geochemical peculiarities of productive thickness were studied, haloes of the distribution of gas of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon composition outcrops of fluids were mapped. Problems of the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations were considered. According to the results of integrated analysis of different geological factors, besides the main factors of oil and gas presence – structure, reservoir, cover – additional criteria were proposed. In the direction to the deposit, the nitric-methane gases are changed into sufficiently methane and hydrocarbon-methane ones, and values of saturation pressure are comparable to the formation pressure. Indication of oil-gas presence are water-soluble organic matters of oil origin: bitumen, phenols, hydrocarbons, naphthenic acids as well as the presence of condensation waters or their mixture with formational waters. Probable indicators of hydrocarbon accumulations are sulfides of zinc, lead, copper in rocks. For the existence of the deposits the hydrogeological closing of the bowels is necessary: small velocities of the formational waters, their high mineralization, metamorphism intensity, chlorine-calcium type of waters. Natural oil-gas showings as a reflection of deposits that occur at a depth serve as criterion for estimation of prospects of the oil-gas presence in the open territories. The example of substation of prospecting objects is given according to criteria of the oil-gas presence in the platform autochthone under the overthrust of Pokuttia-Bukovyna Carpathians.
Tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the frontal part of the Ukrainian Carpathian nappe structure
Authors: Hnylko Oleh , Hnylko Svitlana , Kulyanda Maria , Marchenko Romana
Published: September 2021

For the first time in the Ukrainian Carpathians, the depths and tectono-sedimentation processes in the north-eastern part of the Outer Carpathian Basin (Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya units) have been restored on the base of sedimentological and microfaunistic studies. It was established that in the Cretaceous-Eocene time, the deep-water (near Calcite Compensation Depth) turbidite and similar sedimentation (turbidites with Bouma textures, grainites, debris-flow deposits), which periodically alternated with (hemi)pelagic sedimentation (red, green and black shales) was dominant here. Sedimentation took place on the continental margin of the the Carpathian branch of the Tethys, where deep-water fans were formed. Cretaceous-Eocene background red and green shales are enriched in buried in situ benthic foraminifera which are similar in taxonomic composition and morphological features to the microfauna of the Carpathian-Alpine and Atlantic regions (deep-water agglutinated foraminifera), which indicate lower bathyal – abyssal depths of flysch sedimentation. Latest Eocene Globigerina Marl horizon contains the foraminiferal assemblage with plankton dominance, which indicates a general shallowing of the Outer Carpathian Basin (middle-upper bathyal conditions above a calcite compensation depth). Oligocene – lowermost Miocene Menilite-Krosno and Polyanytsia formations were accumulated in the Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya sub-basins. In the Miocene, shallow-water molasses were accumulated here. Probably, the tectonic uproot of flysch deposits from its substrate and their synsedymentary thrusting towards the platform caused a significant shallowing of the Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya sub-basins starting from the latest Eocene. These processes reflected the growth of the Carpathian frontal nappes at the final orogen formation stage.
Substandard carbon-containing raw materials and methods of their thermochemical processing
Authors: Bryk Dmytro , Podolskyy Myroslav , Khokha Yury , Lyubchak Oleksandr , Kulchytska-Zhyhaylo Lesia , Gvozdevych Oleh
Published: September 2021

The analysis of the structure of consumption of primary energy resources in the world and in Ukraine are carried out. It is shown that in recent decades the share of coal is stable at 25–30 % and does not show a tendency to decrease. Similar patterns are observed in Ukraine too. It is established that in Ukraine the energy potential of reserves of substandard carbon-containing raw materials is commensurate with the deposits of conditioned coal and can be used to increase the country's energy security. At the same time, the deterioration of environmental indicators in the world and in Ukraine requires an increase in the level of environmental safety in the use of carbon-containing raw materials and appropriate environmental modernization of its thermochemical conversion methods. The paper reviews the methods of thermochemical processing of substandard carbon-containing raw materials (pyrolysis and coking, hydrogenation, gasification) and shows that the gasification process, which allows processing of various substandard fuel resources in terrestrial and underground conditions, is the most promising for environmental safety use. It is shown that developed terrestrial gasification methods are characterized by insufficient productivity of gas generators, significant capital costs for their installation and negative impact on the environment. In addition, terrestrial processing of low-quality coal is not a waste-free technology and does not solve the problem of “secondary” gasification residues recycling. Some of these shortcomings can be eliminated by using the method of underground gasification, in which there is no need to extract coal to the surface, and secondary waste remains underground.
Geochemistry of fluids: innovative solution of the fundamental problem
Authors: Svoren Josyp
Published: September 2021

First of all, was developed a reliable mass spectrometric method for studying fluid inclusions in minerals (on the basis of the author’s certificate of the USSR No. 454446 of 1974 for the invention of the “device for cleaning the content inclusions of solid materials”). Were created and published new scientific directions: 1. Thermobarometry and geochemistry of gases of veinlet-impregnated mineralization in sediments of oil and gas regions and metallogenic provinces. 2. Bowels of the Earth – natural physicochemical reactor. Was developed a “method (technology) for determining the prospects of oil and gas bearing of the local area” and “a method (technology) of local forecasting of enriched areas of gold-ore fields” (together with M. M. Davydenko). Was established unknown before, but objectively existing phenomenon of the material world: 1) “lack of molecular hydrogen in inclusions in minerals in the bowels of the planet Earth” (together with V. A. Kaliuzhny). Independently were established: 2) previously unknown “property of deep abiogenic methane-termobar high-temperature fluid decompose-convert natural organic residues into layers of coal with their simultaneous methane saturation and its conservation in the earth’s crust of the planet Earth”; 3) previously unknown natural “phenomenon of arbitrary formation of natural carbon methane in the coal layers of the earth’s crust of the planet Earth under the influence of abiogenic methane-containing high-temperature fluid with their conservation in them”; 4) previously unknown different chemical properties of carbon isotopes in natural processes of synthesis-formation of various carbon-containing compounds ...; 5) “previously unknown pattern of natural processes of synthesis of perfect diamond crystals from astenospheric carbon dioxide ions...”. Was justified “a new way to determine the calorification of natural gas supplied to consumers and its cubic-metre barometry”.
Silêncio, pausa, continuidade
Authors: Bueno Bernardo José de Moraes , Holsback Ricardo
Published: September 2021

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The Role of the Liver in Iron Homeostasis and What Goes Wrong?
Authors: Robalino Gonzaga Ernesto , Riestra Guiance Irene , Henriquez Richard , Mortimore Gerri , Freeman Jan
Published: September 2021

Iron is an essential mineral that is vital for growth development, normal cellular function, synthesis of hormones and connective tissue, and most importantly, serves as a component of hemoglobin to carry oxygen to body tissues. The body finely regulates the amount of circulating and stored iron within the body to maintain concentration levels within range for optimal physiologic function. Without iron, the ability for cells to participate in electron transport and energy metabolism decreases. Furthermore, hemoglobin synthesis is altered, which leads to anemia and decreased oxygen delivery to tissue. Problems arise when there is too little or too much iron. This review explores the role of the liver in iron physiology, iron overload and discusses the most common causes of primary and secondary hepatic iron overload.
Famine of 1946-1947: Causes, Consequences, Problems for Children's Health
Authors: Albitskiy Valery Yu. , Baranov Alexander A. , Sher Stella A.
Published: September 2021

The results of historical and medical analysis are presented: they show the situation related to the famine of 1946-1947 that covered several regions of the USSR and was caused by natural (drought), objective (Second World War consequences), and political (foreign and domestic economic policy of our government) factors. The aim of the study is to analyze the famine causes and consequences and the associated increase in child morbidity and mortality. The archival materials of USSR Ministry of Health fund, the demography department of USSR Central Statistical Office (CSU), USSR State Planning Committee reports, and works of historians, economists, demographers, and children health professional were declassified and studied to cover the issue. The information provided by researchers about human losses during the famine is very contradictory. The resumptive opinion of the demographer V.B. Zhiromskaya indicates that human losses due to famine were about 1 million people in USSR in 1947, including about 0.5 million people in RSFSR. The children population reached more than one third of the total population mortality. Population losses in 1947 exceeded losses in 1946 in RSFSR by 402,480 people according to the authors calculations. Among them almost a half (49.6%) were children aged 0-15 years, and 74.6% of them were infants. The leading causes of children mortality were dystrophy, gastrointestinal diseases, pneumonia, childhood infections, typhus fever, and tuberculosis. The Soviet government has taken several measures to provide medical care for patients with dystrophy, to expand the infant-feeding center network for providing children with food, and to create children's health areas with better nutrition. The implementation of all these measures saved thousands of children's lives from famine and related diseases. However, these measures cannot be considered totally sufficient due to extremely high rate of child mortality in hunger-affected areas.
Health and work in Brazil: physical and psychosocial demands
Authors: Freitas Patrícia Pinheiro de , Lopes Mariana Souza , Assunção Ada Ávila , Lopes Aline Cristine Souza
Published: September 2021

This study aims to describe the prevalence and factors associated of physical and psychosocial demands among Brazilian workers. Data were obtained from the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey. Physical demand was defined as jobs that require intense physical effort or excessive walking, whereas psychosocial demand was defined as involvement in stressful activities. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between demands and health conditions, occupational characteristics, and work conditions. Out of 39,590 participants, 54.4% reported physical demands and 35.5% psychosocial demands at work. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, occupational characteristics, and work conditions remained significantly associated with physical or psychosocial workload. The results suggest that in Brazil the work has a high level of physical and psychosocial demands, which are associated with occupational features and health conditions. It is necessary to incorporate work activities as significant factors to investigate the causes of diseases. And the interventions and policies aimed at preventing the negative occupational exposures are urgent, and can contribute to improve physical and psychosocial health at the workplace.
Considerações bioéticas sobre os modelos de assistência no fim da vida
Authors: Floriani Ciro Augusto
Published: September 2021

Este artigo discute os três campos assistenciais institucionalizados nas sociedades contemporâneas para cuidados no fim da vida e seus respectivos modelos de morte: a eutanásia/suicídio assistido; a futilidade médica; e a kalotanásia, fundamento do moderno movimento hospice. Analisa, também, de que modo estes modelos impactam a vida dos pacientes, bem como a fragilidade conceitual de algumas das bandeiras tradicionalmente utilizadas, como a da dignidade humana. São feitas, também, considerações à ortotanásia, conceito muito utilizado na literatura bioética nacional, bem como ao suicídio racional nos idosos. Além disso, propõem-se questões para o debate bioético acerca da necessidade de serem repensados, em nosso meio, alguns postulados, especialmente aqueles referentes à eutanásia. Por último, apresenta e analisa a fundamentação ética e filosófica da kalotanásia e suas implicações para a organização de boas práticas de cuidados no fim da vida.
A banalidade do mal psicofarmacológico em tempos de performance
Authors: Cunha Maicon
Published: September 2021

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo percorrer um caminho que parte da identificação do fenômeno da medicalização da vida. O estudo será organizado dentro de uma perspectiva genealógica, na medida em que é importante localizar que este objeto de estudo não se restringe apenas a uma questão médica, mas exige um esforço de articulação com outras áreas do saber. Assim, esta genealogia articula questões médicas com a crítica social acerca desse fenômeno, aliando medicina, sociologia, psicologia, economia e teoria política. O desenvolvimento será organizado tendo como pano de fundo as exigências de autonomia e performance na atualidade, no contexto do aumento da demanda psicofarmacológica. Se os benefícios da administração medicamentosa podem propiciar bem-estar subjetivo, por outro lado, os excessos ou a banalidade do mal psicofarmacológico tornam opacas as fronteiras entre o normal e o patológico.
Does financial literacy inevitably lead to access to finance services? Evidence from rural Ghana
Authors: Twumasi Martinson Ankrah , Jiang Yuansheng , Wang Pengcheng , ding Zhao , Frempong Lady Nadia , Acheampong Monica Owusu
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT: This study examined the determinants of financial literacy (FL) and its impact on access to financial services (AFS), using data collected from rural Ghana. A two-stage residual inclusion model is utilized to address the selection bias issue. The results showed that FL is affected by household heads’ age, gender, education, asset ownership, homeownership, and economics education. The results revealed that FL is significant and positively related to AFS, but its square shows an inverse relation with saving mobilization. This indicated a non-linear relationship between FL and AFS. Moreover, we find that FL has a larger AFS impact for households with high-income and male household heads relative to their counterparts. The study recommended that the government can initiate the creation of a rural committee to educate rural residents on financial issues through radio broadcasting and meetings. Our findings highlighted the importance of FL on AFS in enhancing the welfare of rural households.
“Confusão, indecisão e incerteza”: enunciados de bissexualidade na jurisprudência
Authors: Moreira Lisandra Espíndula , Santos Marcela Maria dos , Marinho Míriam Ires Couto , Silva Mariana Moreira , Pimenta Vitor Henrique Silva
Published: September 2021

Resumo: A partir do mapeamento e análise de decisões judiciais dos Tribunais de Justiça da região sudeste do Brasil, buscamos compreender, por meio da análise de conteúdo, como a bissexualidade é enunciada em tais documentos, sua construção como sexualidade diferenciada, as formas de violência às quais é associada e os desdobramentos de maior relevância. Problematizamos a bissexualidade, analisando sua invisibilidade como categoria distinta em relação ao campo LGBT, à escassez de documentos relacionados e à dispersão desse debate. Descrevemos e problematizamos, especialmente, os enunciados de uma decisão judicial paradigmática que antagoniza a bissexualidade e a coloca como fator-chave na anulação de união conjugal.
La práctica del aborto en manos de feministas en los 70
Authors: Drovetta Raquel Irene
Published: September 2021

Resumen: Este artículo analiza las principales características de los servicios de aborto llevados adelante por organizaciones feministas en ciudades de Estados Unidos, Italia y Francia entre los años 1969 a 1978, quienes realizaron abortos en la clandestinidad, prescindiendo de la atención de personal médico. Realizamos la reconstrucción histórica y análisis comparativo de los aspectos centrales que caracterizaron a las organizaciones en base a investigaciones científicas, información contenida en artículos de divulgación (radio, periódicos y filmes), testimonios de activistas y documentos de la época actualmente disponibles para su consulta. Entre las conclusiones centrales, destacamos la importancia otorgada al objetivo político que perseguían con la apertura de servicios de abortos, la paulatina evolución de las responsabilidades asumidas por las integrantes de estos espacios y la atención de las mujeres en base a una praxis feminista.
Mulheres de sucesso no campo científico: uma análise de redes sociais
Authors: Nunes Polliane Trevisan , Wanderer Fernanda
Published: September 2021

Resumo: Neste artigo, apresentamos resultados de uma pesquisa que examinou como as mulheres consideradas bem-sucedidas nas áreas da ciência e tecnologia narram a sua trajetória de sucesso. O material empírico constitui-se de reportagens veiculadas na rede social Facebook, obtidas no período de 2015 a 2018. Como aportes teóricos, foram utilizados estudos do pensamento de Michel Foucault. A análise mostrou que as trajetórias das mulheres de sucesso são marcadas pelo enfrentamento individual das dificuldades para consolidar uma carreira. Esse enfrentamento está vinculado aos mecanismos da racionalidade neoliberal presentes em nossa sociedade que posiciona o indivíduo como o único responsável por sua educação e qualificação profissional, esmaecendo a relevância dos processos coletivos e as ações do Estado como formas de garantir e sustentar a equidade de gênero nas áreas científicas.
“Maternidade guerreira”: responsabilização, cuidado e culpa das mães de jovens encarcerados
Authors: Mestre Simone de Oliveira , Souza Érica Renata de
Published: September 2021

Resumo: No presente estudo, visamos lançar um olhar antropológico sobre o “ser mãe” do outro lado dos muros das prisões, o lado das visitantes, ou seja, das mulheres cujos filhos estão presos. As percepções e reflexões apresentadas são provenientes de uma pesquisa etnográfica sobre mães de jovens envolvidos com a “criminalidade”, realizada na cidade de Porto Velho-RO, entre os anos de 2014 e 2016. O estudo parte da problematização do estigma de “criminoso” atribuído ao filho e que passa a ser associado à identidade materna, evidenciando uma dupla pressão exercida sobre as ideias de cuidado de mãe: culpa e responsabilização tanto pelos atos, como pelo acompanhamento do filho encarcerado. Essa situação, comum com outras mães, favorece a formação de uma rede de cuidados, concomitante à experiência de se submeter aos procedimentos de segurança, marcada por questões de gênero, estigma e violência.
THERAPEUTIC TOY IN PRIMARY CARE: CONTRIBUTIONS FOR THE SYSTEMATIZATION OF NURSING CARE
Authors: Pedrinho Letícia Roberta , Shibukawa Bianca Machado Cruz , Rissi Gabrieli Patrício , Uema Roberta Tognollo Borotta , Merino Maria de Fátima Garcia Lopes , Higarashi Ieda Harumi
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the role of the therapeutic toy as a tool for the nursing diagnosis in the setting of care for the child with diabetes. Method: a qualitative multiple-case study conducted with children diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes mellitus and living in the inland of Paraná. The data were collected in 2018 through interviews, field diary and sessions using the therapeutic toy. Nursing diagnoses were elaborated according to the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association Taxonomy I and a targeted content analysis was performed, resulting in four categories. Results: using the dramatic therapeutic toy allows the child to show their perception of the disease and of the care provided. The sessions with the dramatic therapeutic toy made it possible to identify five nursing diagnoses, which were later worked on by means of an instructional therapeutic toy. Conclusion: systematization of assistance mediated by the use of the toy allows nurses to establish bonds with the child with diabetes and their family, revealing their perceptions of the disease and treatment, thereby stimulating a more active participation of the binomial in the management of this coping process.
PICCPED® MOBILE APPLICATION: PREVENTION OF ADVERSE EVENTS IN A PERIPHERALLY INSERTED CENTRAL CATHETER IN PEDIATRICS
Authors: Souza Sabrina de , Rocha Patrícia Kuerten , Avelar Ariane Ferreira Machado , Tomazoni Andréia , Anders Jane Cristina , Ullman Amanda
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to construct a mobile application in the mobile-learning format that favors learning, offering support to the nurse's clinical reasoning and decision-making in the prevention of adverse events related to the peripherally inserted central catheter in pediatrics. Method: the construction of the mobile-learning technological production took place between 2016 and 2020, following seven steps that included the Contextualized Instructional Designer. The content of the application was based on current scientific evidence, with the inclusion of guidelines, international and national directives; and was elaborated grounded on Problem-Based Learning. The project team involved the participation of two content experts, a programmer, and two graphic designers. Results: the application consists of a pediatric clinical case, which gives rise to six other cases, exploring six catheter maintenance procedure. When presenting the cases, the user is encouraged to perform a clinical evaluation and make a decision about the problem raised. So, when the user correctly chooses the clinical issue, there is a message of congratulations and they are encouraged to continue their learning. In opposition, when the user answers incorrectly, the software shows the adverse event that can affect the patient and a new evaluation and decision-making are encouraged. At the end of each procedure, there is an animation of the correct technique for better assimilation of the constructed knowledge. Conclusion: this type of mobile-learning application allows for knowledge dissemination and assists safe care to children using the peripherally inserted central catheters.
EVIDENCE ON THE IMPACTS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN: SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Silva Maria Carolina Batista da , Araújo Ivani Iasmim de , Souza Talita Araujo de , Oliveira Luciane Paula Batista Araujo de , Silva José Lenartte da , Barros Wanessa Cristina Tomaz dos Santos
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to map existing evidence in the literature on the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on child violence. Method: scope review carried out according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the international guide PRISMA-ScR in the Databases PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and LILACS in October 2020. Inclusion criteria were: studies available in full text, online, in the Portuguese, English or Spanish language, published in 2020 and addressing violence against children in the context of the pandemic. The data were submitted to descriptive analysis. Results: 216 articles were found, of which 26 were kept for review. The results were presented in the form of a table and, for their discussion, were summarized in the following axes: Closing schools, increasing risks and reducing reports of violence; Economic changes, parental stress and increased violence against children; Health professionals, protection services and negligence violence against children. Conclusion: he Covid-19 pandemic has had numerous impacts on violence against children. The summary of the findings of this review may contribute to the dissemination of the theme and stimulate actions that favor the identification, notification and monitoring of cases of violence against children as an important part of the responses against the Covid-19 pandemic.