bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward improved heat dissipation of the turbulent regime over backward-facing step for the AL2O3-water nanofluids: An experimental approach
Authors: Ahmed Syed , Kazi Salim , Khan Ghulamullah , Zubir Mohd , Dahari Mahidzal , Ibrahim Suriani , Talip Mohammad , Ahmad Pervaiz , Chowdhury Zaira
Published: September 2018

Experimental study of nanofluid flow and heat transfer to fully developed turbulent forced convection flow in a uniformly heated tubular horizontal backward-facing step has reported in the present study. To study the forced convective heat transfer coefficient in the turbulent regime, an experimental study is performed at a different weight concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticles. The experiment had conducted for water and Al2O3 -water nanofluid for the concentration range of 0 to 0.1 wt.% and Reynolds number of 4000 to 16000. The average heat transfer coefficient ratio increases significantly as Reynolds number increasing, increased from 9.6% at Reynolds number of 4000 to 26.3% at Reynolds number of 16000 at the constant weight concentration of 0.1%. The Al2O3 water nanofluid exhibited excellent thermal performance in the tube with a backwardfacing step in comparison to distilled water. However, the pressure losses increased with the increase of the Reynolds number and/or the weight concentrations, but the enhancement rates were insignificant.
On the laminar combustion characteristics of natural gas-syngas-air mixtures
Authors: Zhang Ning , Liu Jie , Wang Junle , Zhao Hongbo
Published: September 2018

In this study, the effects of hydrogen and CO addition on the laminar flame speed and flame instabilities of CH4/air mixture are investigated experimentally and numerically. Results show that laminar flame speeds increase almost linearly with the addition of hydrogen, which is mainly caused by the increase of the flame temperature and the thermal diffusivity of the mixture. However, it de-creases with the increase of the pressure, which is mainly due to the increase of the mixture density and the enhancement of the termination reactions. The hydrodynamic instability is increased with the increase of hydrogen ratio and pressure, which is due to the reduction of the flame thickness. With the increase of hydrogen fractions and pressure, the Markstein lengths decrease obviously, which means the flame instability is enhanced. The addition of CO has little effect on the flame speeds and flame instabilities.
Characterisation of the combustion process in the spark ignition and homogeneous charge compression ignition engine
Authors: Vucetic Ante , Bozic Mladen , Kozarac Darko , Lulic Zoran
Published: September 2018

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine is a potential solution for reducing air pollution and for satisfying legal limits regarding the emissions from internal combustion engines. The HCCI engines have advantages of lower emissions of NOx and particulate matter, compared to the standard combustion modes, while on the other hand one of the major disadvantages is the difficulty of control of start of combustion, since the start of combustion is highly sensitive to the intake air temperature. Additional advantage of the HCCI engine is the ability to operate with wide range of fuels. In order to demonstrate this potential in this study the HCCI mode of operation is compared to the spark ignition mode of operation. The study aims to compare and characterise two different combustion modes on the same engine with different CR and different fuels at similar operating conditions. For that purpose the engine tests are performed at the same indicated mean effective pressures for the spark ignition and HCCI combustion mode at the same engine speed, while the tests are performed at three different engine speeds and three different loads. The measurements were performed on the experimental set-up that consists of single cylinder Diesel engine modified to enable operation in spark ignition and HCCI modes. The characterisation includes the comparison of in-cylinder pressure, temperature and rate of heat release obtained by spark ignition and homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion mode and presents comparisons of engine efficiencies and of emissions of HC, CO, and NOx.
Using analytic hierarchy process for evaluating different types of nanofluids for engine cooling systems
Authors: Abdulvahitoglu Asli
Published: September 2018

The radiator is an important heat exchanger for cooling the engine. Usually, water and ethylene glycol are used in vehicles as cooling fluids. However, these fluids have lower thermal conductivity. In the automotive industry, coolants with better characteristics are being searched to develop more efficient engines. In recent years, nanofluids have become more attractive to car manufacturers, with higher thermal conductivity to increase heat transfer. In this study, the analytic hierarchy process is used to structure the decision problem and to attribute weights to criteria. Three types of nanofluid (Cu-water, NiO-water, and CuO-water) were evaluated. Among the thermophysical properties of nanofluid, the most important one is calculated as the thermal conductivity and also the Cu-water is determined as the most suitable coolant in terms of thermophysical properties among the evaluated nanofluid.
Student Usage of Assessment-Based and Self-Study Online Learning Resources in Introductory Accounting
Authors: Lento Camillo
Published: September 2018

This study analyzes data from online learning platforms in introductory financial accounting, and highlights three key findings. First, online learning resources linked to course assessment are more negatively associated with cramming study habits and more positively associated with final exam performance than are resources made available for self-study. Second, dynamic online learning resources (i.e., utilization of auditory and visual channels for processing information) made available for self-study are more positively associated with final exam performance than are static resources (i.e., visual channel only). Third, in-class attendance displays a strong positive correlation with online time on task in a blended learning environment. Based on these findings, this study offers some pedagogical strategies that accounting educators can adopt to adjust their blended learning environment.

JEL Classifications: A20; A22.
On Proto-Modernist Traits in Early Modern Art Theory
Authors: Milosavljević Angelina
Published: September 2018

Early modern art and art theory are still considered by historians and theorists of art mainly in terms of aesthetic principles in the service of the representation of political and ideological concepts. However, the body of early modern art and especially theory abounds with notions, which anticipate the modernist tendencies of self-criticism. In this paper, we would like to suggest that self-criticism also characterized pre-Modernist art, complemented by advanced art criticism, especially during the Mannerist era. We would like to point out that the notion of self-criticism equally applies to both early modern art and art theory in which the specific concentration on problems of construction and composition of painting based its foundations on abstract mathematical rules, serving to justify and dignify the medium itself. Furthermore, this tendency divorced the art of painting, specifically, from the illusion of reality, thus entrenching it more firmly in its own area competence, to use Clement Greenberg’s phrase. We would also like to demonstrate that late 16th-century art theory pushed well beyond its time, especially the theory written by artists. Their programmatic reliance on pre-existing pictorial models allowed these artists-theorists to abandon the question of realism and naturalism for pure speculation, which could not have been achieved in contemporary practice. We would like to suggest that ideas of abstraction and speculation, so characteristic of Modernist art, featured well before Modernism in the writings of Mannerist artists and theorists Giorgio Vasari, Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo, and Federico Zuccari.
 
Article received: March 26, 2018; Article accepted: April 10, 2018; Published online: September 15, 2018; Original scholarly paper
How to cite this article: Milosavljević, Angelina. "On Proto-Modernist Traits in Early Modern Art Theory." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 16 (2018): 19−28. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i16.251
The Woman's Letter
Authors: Damnjanović Jelena
Published: September 2018

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O DEVER DE INFORMAR O CONSUMIDOR FACE À EMERGÊNCIA DOS PRODUTOS NANOTECNOLÓGICOS
Authors: Efing Antônio Carlos , Poerschke de Quevedo Josemari
Published: September 2018

Objetiva-se discutir o dever de informar o consumidor a respeito da natureza de novos produtos, em específico o fornecedor de nanoprodutos. Deste modo, analisa-se a qualificação concreta da informação verificando-se a extensão da obrigação legal dos artigos do CDC visando a proteção do consumidor, uma vez que entende-se que este é vulnerável e hipossuficiente frente ao fornecedor, que detêm as informações acerca do produto. Para isso, utiliza-se a metodologia interdisciplinar e bibliográfica, buscando vertentes jurídicas a partir do CDC e dos principais conceitos da tutela ao consumidor, além de pesquisa em literaturas afins. Restou evidenciado ao longo do estudo que as determinações do CDC abrangem os nanoprodutos e, em face da lacuna regulatória e dos alertas sobre riscos, o é amplamente aplicável aos nanoprodutos. Evidenciou-se também que é emergencial que se produzam informações sobre tais produtos que já circulam no mercado de forma a que o consumidor esteja avisado sobre suas características e composições, bem como as problemáticas em torno da lacuna de testes.
SAÚDE NO CONTEXTO DA INTER-RELAÇÃO PÚBLICO-PRIVADO: UM BEM PÚBLICO, UM BEM DE CONSUMO OU UM DIREITO HUMANO FUNDAMENTAL COM VISTAS À UNIVERSALIDADE?
Authors: Bussinguer Elda Coelho de Azevedo , Salles Shayene Machado
Published: September 2018

A partir de uma análise de conjuntura da saúde no contexto da relação público-privado, a pesquisa se propõe a adentrar o processo, em contínuo movimento, do desenvolvimento das políticas públicas de saúde. Buscamos promover uma análise a partir do que consideramos uma das condições determinantes para apreensão de sua transformação, a saber: a concepção que sustenta sua práxis. Nesse sentido, apresentamos três categorias juridicamente construídas – “saúde como bem público”, “saúde como bem de consumo” e “saúde como Direito Humano Fundamental” – visando a esclarecer a concepção de saúde suscitada por cada uma delas, a partir da construção teórica de suas premissas e características fundantes. Pretendemos identificar os elementos constitutivos  da categorização da concepção de saúde que alicerça o desenvolvimento de políticas tipicamente neoliberais, uma vez que o alinhamento da política de saúde à proeminência do privado sobre o público tem alertado quanto a um possível retrocesso no âmbito dos direitos sociais, impondo-nos, especialmente, quanto ao setor saúde, questionar os rumos a que temos sido direcionados, em flagrante fragilização de fundamentos erigidos na Reforma Sanitária, tais como o princípio da Universalidade que alicerça o Sistema Único de Saúde.
Solvation and Dynamics of CO2 in Aqueous Alkanolamine Solutions
Authors: Stein Matthias , Melnikov Sergey
Published: September 2018

Carbon dioxide sequestration from flue gases by chemical absorption is the most versatile process. The molecular engineering of novel high-performant biogas upgrading alkanolamine compounds requires detailed information about their properties in mixed solution. The liquid structure properties of four representative alkanolamine molecules (monoethanolamine (MEA) as a reference and standard, 3-aminopropanol (MPA), 2-methylaminoethanol (MMEA) and 4-diethylamino-2-butanol (DEAB)) in the presence of CO2 were investigated over a wide range of solvent alkanolamine/water mixture compositions and temperature. In aqueous solution, hydrogen bonding with solvent water molecules are dominating over CO2 interactions for MEA, MPA and MMEA. Analysis of the liquid structure reveals that carbon dioxide shows no preference of approaching the alkanolamine but is rather displaced by water molecules. CO2 dissolved in aqueous DEAB, however, accumulates within clusters of DEAB molecules devoid of water. The carbon dioxide diffusion coefficients for all four molecules agree well with experiment for where available and are obtained for all mixture compositions and as a function of temperature. The solute diffusion correlates with the mobility of the alkanolamines in water at various ternary mixture compositions. Kinetic aspects of the CO2-alkanolamine interactions are described by characteristic residence times of CO2. The hydrophic interaction of carbon dioxide with the alkanolamine has a lifetime of the order of tens of picoseconds whereas polar interactions are about one order of magnitude shorter. The tertiary amine DEAB displays many favorable features for an efficient CO2 chemisorption process. Molecular engineering of novel compounds for absortive sequestration have to take into account not only the thermodynamics and chemical reactivity but also liquid structure properties and the dynamics and kinetics of interactions in complex ternary solutions.
Controlling Nanoemulsion Surface Chemistry with Poly(2-Oxazoline) Amphiphiles
Authors: Estabrook Daniel A. , Ennis Amanda F. , Day Rachael , Sletten Ellen
Published: September 2018

Emulsions are dynamic materials that have been extensively employed within pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries. However, their use beyond conventional applications has been hindered by difficulties in surface functionalization, and an inability to selectively control physicochemical properties. Here, we employ custom poly(2-oxazoline) block copolymers to overcome these limitations. We demonstrate that poly(2-oxazoline) copolymers can effectively stabilize nanoscale droplets of hydrocarbon and perfluorocarbon in water. The living polymerization allows for the incorporation of chemical handles into the surfactants such that covalent modification of the emulsion surfaces can be performed. Through post-emulsion modification, we are able to access nanoemulsions with modified surface chemistries, yet consistent sizes. By decoupling size and surface charge, we explore structure-activity relationships involving the cellular uptake of nanoemulsions.
Methodologies for analysis of air environment. Certification and arrangement of intra laboratory control of the quality of analysis results
Authors: Kropanev A. Yu.
Published: September 2018

A computational and experimental method of certification and arrangement of intra laboratory control of the methods for analysis of air environment, i.e., air of the working zone, atmosphere air and industrial emissions into the atmosphere, is developed. Note that nowadays a rather small number of standard samples (SS) of air environment (calibration gas mixtures (CGM)) is available for less than thirty substances with determined maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) (inorganic gases and light organic compounds). About 100 sources of microcflows (MF) are also developed for light organic compounds. Such a narrow set of developed SS hinders determination of the accuracy indicators on the basis of the certification experiment for the vast majority of the methods used for analysis of air samples and, in turn, keeps out of stating standards for intra-laboratory control and implementation of the procedures of operational control and control of the stability. For those techniques (in the lack of calibration gas mixtures and sources of microflows), the error characteristics are estimated usually by calculations with exception of the stability of the calibration curves and error characteristics of the individual sampling stages which are determined experimentally. The proposed method implies a conditional division of the technique into two stages: sampling and analytical stages. For the stage of sampling, the error characteristics are determined by the calculation-experimental method, for the analytical stage, by the experimental method, similar to other methods for analysis of condensed media. The possibility of arrangement of the intra-laboratory control of the analytical stage and implementation of all the algorithms of both operational and stability control, including construction of Shewhart’s control charts is shown. The proposed method makes it possible to arrange certification of the majority of similar techniques used in the sphere of state regulation of ensuring the uniformity of measurements that have not been previously certified and provided with standard samples in the form of calibration gas mixtures and sources of microflows.
ORGANIZATION OF SUBJECT-SUBJECT FEEDBACK WITH HELP OF DISTANCE TECHNOLOGIES AT THE POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION STAGE
Authors: Lysenko Oleksandra ,   Bogomolets National Medical University
Published: September 2018

The article deals with the necessity of establishing feedback with consumers of educational services in the context of implementing the requirements of the International Standard for Quality Management System (ISO 9001) by getting opinions and feedback from educational services users; outlines the feasibility of using remote technologies for feedback organization, in particular at the postgraduate education stage; defines the advantages of using remote technologies during surveys, in particular: communicative, accessible, productive and economical; presents the results of a survey conducted among interns of the Bogomolets National Medical University using remote technologies, in particular, using the e-questionnaire developed with help of Google Forms to determine satisfaction with internship preparation (chosen specialty, teaching quality, manifestations of official abusing and corruption, satisfaction with the direct supervisor of internship, educational materials, material and technical base, etc.); highlights the information obtained during the survey of employees of the Bogomolets National Medical University; describes the practice of remote polling of scientific and pedagogical staff, which is considered not only from the point of view of ensuring effective feedback, but also as part of the training course, since the distance format of the survey creates an opportunity for the teachers to be attracted to the practical application of modern communication technologies in the process of learning.
MOBILE RESOURCES IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE POLICE OFFICERS
Authors: Kudlay Alina ,   National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine
Published: September 2018

Modern conditions for the modernization of higher education in Ukraine have led to the need to introduce innovative approaches to the implementation of the concept of future specialists training, taking into account European standards. Higher education is crucial for socio-economic and cultural development of society. The need for training of a competent police officer, who is capable of effective professional activity in a multinational environment, is a priority approach in the training of future police officers in the parameters of European standards. The socio-cultural aspect in the training of future police officers is not only the formation of ethno-cultural competence, but also the space of interpersonal relationships in which a holistic culture of personality is formed. The competent paradigm of professional training of the future police officers, as a subject of personal and professional growth, which is capable of expanding and updating the subject areas of their professional activity, becomes of special significance in this context. In this article, we draw our attention to the peculiarities and possibilities of forming the personality of a future police officer by means of mobile resources. In particular, the classification of modern mobile devices for using in the education al processes defined. The importance of the aim of modern professional education – the formation of high level of intelligence of the future specialists, the development and consolidation of complex abilities to solve problems in conditions of constant changes and new requirements of the external environment are revealed. It has been established that the use of mobile resources contributes to increase of interest during classroom hours and the optimal organization of their independent non-auditing work, which will enable the training of specialists of a new type.
ADULT EDUCATION TEACHERS’ TRAINING IN IRELAND
Authors: Sytnyk Olga ,   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University
Published: September 2018

The central purpose of this article is to highlight nature, place and role of the adult education teacher professional training in Ireland as well as the school teacher professional training. In order to do so, a general overview of Irish teachers’ education is presented. The specific in the adult education tutors’ activities is also discussed. The nature of the teachers’ training is fully examined. The various contemporary ways and innovative forms of modern teachers’ training in Ireland are mentioned. The main professional requirements that the adult education tutor has are also highlighted and analyzed. The process and different periods of teachers’ training are classified and described. The article shows the main stages in teachers’ training in Ireland with detailed characteristics of every level with key elements emphasizing. The practice training organization for future teachers in Ireland is examined. The survey results showed that adult education teachers’ training sector in Ireland is a very flexible way of learning in modern society. It can be suitable for everyone who needs to get not only professional knowledge and skills, development, life experience, but also socialization, communication, collective consciousness and community support. Adult education teachers’ training is an effective, contemporary educational service that has many beneficial outcomes. The article presents the adult education teachers’ peculiarities in the modern knowledge society. Finally, the author makes the conclusion about the adult education teachers’ training specifics in Ireland.
FEATURES OF PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION FOR PRESCHOOL IN THE GREAT BRITAIN
Authors: Melnyk Nataliya ,   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University
Published: September 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept meaning «qualification» in the European scientific terminology, analyzes its contextual peculiarities. It is distinguished that what is meant by qualification requirements is characterized by documents certifying the qualification of a teacher in European countries, as well as the terminology «qualified preschool teacher» in the context of the European dimension of higher education is explained. The author outlines the analysis of peculiarities of pre-school teachers’ qualifications in the UK. Among the key competencies of the pre-school teacher, which governs the qualification requirements for «Early Years Professional with EYP Status» in the UK, the following are identified: Knowledge and understanding of the peculiarities of the planning, organization and implementation of the educational process, effective professional activities, mutual understanding and cooperation with children, communication and ability to work with families and caregivers, teamwork and cooperation, professional development. The factors influencing the formation of qualification requirements and the content of professional competence are determined. The main professional profiles and profiles of the professional competence of preschool teachers in Britain are described in the article; the main contradictions in the attribution of qualifications are outlined in the issue. Proficiency profiles for UK preschool teachers include a description of the requirements for working with children, parents, colleagues, the public and self-development competencies for the qualification of «Early Years Professional with EYP Status». The research’s results identifies, that the qualification requirements for preschool teachers in the UK, despite on the diversity of the administrative system and the functioning of the three models of vocational training, are characterized by similarity and, in general, are of an integrated nature. In the restructuring of pre-school teacher training in the United Kingdom, in particular, professional competence, the content of training, the development and improvement of professional profiles have been prioritized.
Field Study of Morphological Parameters in Step-Pool Streams
Authors: Torbizadeh Abbas , Tahershamsi Ahmad , Majdzadeh Tabatabai Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2018

Nowadays, step-pool formations have attracted a lot of attention, which are distinguished by the successive arrangements of the bed, suitable geometry, and the tumbling flow pattern, which can highly disperse water energy. Field study of a step–pool channel, along with one of the upper reaches of Kamandan River indicated a strong correlation between several morphological parameters of the river such as reach slope, step length, step height, pool depth, local slope, and the like. The length of the reach under the study is 145 meters and has an intermediate morphology based on Montgomery and Buffington’s classification. Therefore, twelve distinct step units were identified for 145 meters upstream while the rest was formed by steep morphology. In the present study, different definitions of wave length were applied to establish the relationships among the above parameters. For instance, the difference between apexes of every two successive step elevation was found to have a considerable relationship with the wavelength with a determination coefficient of 0.9. In addition, bankfull width and depth, along the profile for different cross-sections, were determined to establish a relationship between these parameters and pool spacing. Further, the parameters were applied to create a relationship with step heights.
Design and Development of Tian-He Render Cloud Platform Considering the Background of Industrial Internet
Authors: Yuchen Jiang , Xiaolei Pang , Changsong Li
Published: September 2018

Cloud platform is the result of years of evolution since the first generation of computers. It is a natural evolution from the era of central mainframe to the age of distributed master-slave architecture and the age of the Internet where companies can connect the world via the global network of computers. In the process of rendering and simulation, many small and medium-sized companies have the problems of poor convenience and hardware performance bottlenecks. Firstly, aiming at saving time and expense, this paper presents an approach to these problems considering the background of the Industrial Internet era and then discusses how and why this service mode and characteristics of Cloud platform can solve these difficulties. In addition, through the analysis of the value chain of production activities, this paper analyses the potential of a new mode of operation which is the deep integration of traditional manufacturing industry and internet. Finally, an application case of Tian-He Render cloud platform is applied to verify the validation and feasibility of this mode of operation.
Impact of Risk on Use of Trade Credit: Empirical Evidence from Non-financial Firms in Pakistan
Authors: Shah Faiza , Liu Yumin , Ahmed Jaleel , Shah Yasir , Shah Fadia
Published: September 2018

The study investigates the behavior of non-financial firms towards the use of trade credit where they have borrowing constraints in a developing economy. In spite of tremendous change in how businesses raise financing, many businesses still use trade credit as an alternative source of financing. The study is helpful in decision making for business schemes to occupy the risk factor in profit generation through the use of trade credit. Due to lack of funding’s for the businesses there is increase in risk the borrower become unable to run the business and therefore want to get finance or goods from any external source that fulfills the objective of the business as the suppliers. Banks require the collateral against the loan offered, as the risky customer has unable to provide any security to be pledged, trade credit serves the best means of short term loan for the customer. The buyer already in risky position tries to find out the short term means that are convenient and less time consuming for the businesses. Panel data has been used for working. The data on which the working is applied consisted of fifteen years i.e: from 2001-2015. The methodology used in the working is the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). GMM is helpful for the problem raised because of the correlation amount the independent variables and the error term known as endogeneity problem as well as the heterogeneity of firms. J-statistics indicates that the instruments applied in the model are significant.
Fabrication of Graphene–CuO Nanocomposite with Improved Photocatalytic Degradation for Palladium Solution under Solar Light Irradiation
Authors: Prashanti B. , Damodharam T.
Published: September 2018

A facile synthesis of graphene oxide-copper oxide nanocomposite (GO-CuO) was performed by using wet chemical method of graphene oxide and copper acetate precursors. The nanocomposite was characterized and intercalated with Raman spectroscopy, FE-SEM, TEM, SAED and EDAX. The crystalline nature was studied from P-XRD. Photocatalytic degradation of palladium ion was studied by using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Significant high-performance photocatalytic activity of GO-CuO nanocomposite was exhibited on palladium ions degradation under solar light.
Isolation, identification and molecular characterization of Ralstonia solanacerum isolates collected from Southern Karnataka
Authors: Teli Kalavati , Shweta H. M. , Kumar M. K. Prasanna , Kunduru Bharath , Shekar B. S. Chandra
Published: September 2018

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is the major threat to tomato cultivation in all tomato growing areas of Karnataka.  R. solanacearum was isolated from the infected host plants collected from different locations of southern Karnataka. The identity of the isolates was established using morphological, biochemical, and molecular analysis using species specific PCR primers. The race and biovar specificity of pathogen was determined through pathogenicity test on different host plants and the ability of isolates to use carbohydrates, respectively. Phylotype classification was done by phylotype specific multiplex PCR using phylotype specific primers. All the bacterial isolates showed the characteristic creamy white fluidal growth with pink centre on the Tetrazolium chloride medium. Further, the isolates amplified at 280 bp, which confirmed the identity of pathogen as Ralstonia solanacearum. Our results showed that all isolates belonged to Race 1 of the pathogen. Among different isolates obtained, four isolates each were identified to be Biovar III and Biovar IIIA, repectively, while two isolates were identified as Biovar IIIB. All the ten isolates were affiliated to Phylotype I of Ralstonia solanaceraum species complex. These findings may help in devising the management practices for bacterial wilt of tomato in southern Karnataka.
Effect of pre-sowing treatments and growing media on seed germination and seedling growth of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Handa A. K. , Dev Inder , Ram Asha , Uthappa A. R. , Shukla A. , Chand Lal
Published: September 2018

The seeds of Albizia lebbeck have been observed to exhibit physical dormancy due to presence of hard seed-coat. To overcome this problem, the seeds were subjected to seven pre-sowing treatments viz., T1-immersion of seeds in cold water for 12 h; T2-immersion of seeds in cold water for 24 h; T3-immersion of seeds in hot water (100 °C) and subsequent cooling at room temperature for 12 h; T4-immersion of seeds in hot water (100 °C) and subsequent cooling at room temperature for 24 h; T5-immersion of seeds in cold water for 12 h followed by immersion in hot water (100 °C) and allowed to cool for 1 h; T6-immersion of seeds in cold water for 24 h followed by immersion in hot water (100 °C) and allowed to cool for 1 h. Untreated seeds served as control (T0). Treatment T3 gave highest germination (96%) which was comparable with T5 (95 %), T4 (94 %) and T6 (93%). Nine growing media viz., T1: soil,  T2: soil+sand (2:1), T3: soil+perlite (2:1), T4: soil+Farm Yard Manure (FYM) (2:1), T5: soil+vermicompost (2:1), T6: soil+sand+FYM (1:1:1), T7: soil+sand+vermicompost (1:1:1), T8: soil+perlite+FYM (1:1:1) and T9: soil+perlite+ vermicompost (1:1:1) were, also, studied for their effect on seedling growth of A. lebbeck. Among these media, maximum values of shoot length (23.82 cm), root length (21.14 cm), collar diameter (3.59 mm) and seedling quality index (0.350) were observed in T7.
Prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders among women tea factory workers of Nilgiri: An ergonomic study
Authors: Devi M. Gayathri , Vats Aditi
Published: September 2018

This research study is about the prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders among women tea factory workers of Nilgiri. The purposive random sampling method was used to select the respondents. The work related to musculoskeletal disorders or discomfort and the pain experienced by the workers were determined by using Standardized Nordic Questionnaire Work related activities taken as independent variable; pain and discomforts taken as dependent variable. Work related pain/ discomfort was reported in 12-month, last month and prevalence in 7 days during May 2015 to April 2016. Workers reported that musculoskeletal pain for the 12 months according to body parts  especially on the neck (80%), shoulders (60%), lower back (87.5 %), hips (80%), knees (72.5%) and wrists (25%) due to their daily activities in the factories which were lifting, lifting above the shoulder level, lifting with one shoulder, pushing, pulling loads more than 25 kgs. By implementing ergonomic interventions like improved work organization with job rotations and ample rest during work of the tea factory workers will reduce their musculoskeletal disorders symptoms and pain.
Tree diversity, stand structure and community composition in tropical forest of Rajaji tiger reserve, Northern India
Authors: . Akash , . Navneet , Bhandari B.S.
Published: September 2018

In present study, we present data on tree diversity, stand structures and community composition in six sites of tropical forest in Rajaji tiger reserve, Northern India. The enumeration of 72 plots results a total of 19,050 individuals, 47 species, 42 genera, 25 families in which Holoptelia integrifolea, Dalbergia sissoo, Shorea robusta, Cassia fistula and Trewia nudiflora were the species which showed higher importance value index (IVI) in the study area. The stand density of the six sites ranges from 149.99 - 397.91 hac-1 where as the total basal area of trees ranges from 3.612 - 46.813 m2/hac-1. The Shannon diversity index ranged from 1.35 to 2.51, Simpson index ranged from 0.097 - 0.446, Margalef index ranged 2.584 - 4.9, The Evenness index ranged from  0.551 - 0.852 in the study area. Further the studied area has showed ample evidences from indices in supporting the higher floristic diversity and stand structure after providing the present area as a status of tiger reserve.
The Molecular identification of root nodule bacteria from edible crops of Fabaceae family, Kerala
Authors: S. Darsha , R. Arivukarasu , M. Jayashankar , Saeed Mohammed Ali
Published: September 2018

The root nodule bacteria were isolated from three different leguminous plants belonging to the Fabaceae family such as Cajanus cajan, Lablab purpureus and Vigna unguiculata using YEMA medium and identified. The isolates were submitted to 16S rRNA and PCR–RFLP typing. A representative sample was further submitted to sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. Isolates were assigned to two genera and were related to Rhizobium spp. (75%) and Bacillus spp. (25%) respectively. This study opens the doors to researchers to do specific studies on this root nodule bacteria which are symbiotic with these legume plants in this area for their antibacterial activity, medicine and food application, and sustainable agriculture.  Rhizobium and other beneficial microbes may be used as biofertilizers as a substitute for chemical fertilizers.
A survey based study on the Farmers adoption level of Strawberry cultivation technology in Haryana, India
Authors: Bachhal Gurpreet Singh , Chahal Pardeep Kumar , Kumar Pawan
Published: September 2018

The survey based study focused on adoption level of strawberry growers with respect to package of practices of strawberry was conducted in Hisar and Bhiwani districts of Haryana. The adoption level was measured by scores on the basis of adoption level. While analyzing, the magnitude of adoption level adopted by strawberry growers revealed that method of propagation and packaging (100%), timely irrigation (95.33%), proper time of planting (90%), varieties used for planting (86.67%) , proper planting depth (86%), mulching (85.33%) was adopted by majority of farmers whereas manures and fertilizers and diseases and their control(71.34%), intercultural operations (63.33%) and control measures for fruit drop (55.33%) were least adopted.
Is Free and Reduced-Price Lunch a Valid Measure of Educational Disadvantage?
Authors: Domina Thurston , Pharris-Ciurej Nikolas , Penner Andrew M. , Penner Emily K. , Brummet Quentin , Porter Sonya R. , Sanabria Tanya
Published: September 2018

Students in the United States whose household income is less than 130% of the poverty line qualify for free lunch, and students whose household income is between 130% and 185% of the poverty line qualify for reduced-price lunch. Education researchers and policymakers often use free and reduced-price lunch (FRPL) status to measure socioeconomic disadvantage. But how valid is this measure? Linking IRS income tax data to school administrative records for all eighth graders in one California public school district and Oregon public schools, we examine how well FRPL enrollment captures student disadvantage. We find that FRPL categories capture relatively little variation in household income. However, FRPL captures elements of educational disadvantage that IRS-reported household income data do not.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE ALUMINUM SULFATE AND PAC (POLY ALUMINUM CHLORIDE) COAGULANT ON TELLO RIVER WATER TREATMENT
Authors: Widiyanti Setyo Erna
Published: September 2018

Abstract- Tello River water used by PT. PLN SULTANBATARA for sanitation and process water. One of the process's water is boiler feed water. River water has fluctuative characteristics depending on the season that occurs such as turbidity and Total Suspended Solid (TSS). The presence of TSS in boiler feed water needs to be minimized as it can decrease boiler performance in generating heat. The concentration of TSS in river water can be removed by coagulation and flocculation method with the addition of coagulant. Excessive coagulant distribution will increase the concentration of dissolved solids (TDS) of water. Thus, it is necessary to determine the optimum concentration of coagulant based on initial TSS concentration of river water. The objective of this research is to determine the optimum concentration of Aluminum Sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and PAC (Poly Aluminum Chloride) Coagulant in reducing TSS water of Tello River. The sample used in this research is Tello river water which has an initial TSS concentration of 150 mg/L. The coagulant used was Aluminum Sulfate and PAC with several concentration variation of 5% - 40% to the initial TSS concentration of river water. Analysis of TSS content of samples using Gravimetry method. The optimum concentration of coagulant Aluminum Sulfate and PAC was 35% and 25% to the initial TSS concentration of river water where the final concentration of TSS obtained was 20 mg/L and 15.5 mg/L with percent TSS removal of 86.67% and 89.6 %. Keywords:      Total Suspended Solid, Coagulation, Aluminium Sulfate, Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC)
An Explanation of the Interactions Between Waves and Electrons: Discussion of Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Xu Weiye
Published: September 2018

The interactions between waves and electrons are the basis of vacuum tubes and particle accelerators. In order to further understand the interactions, we proposed a new electromagnetic model. In this model, the photon is composed of two elementary particles – ephoton and mphoton, which are the basic particles that form the electric fields and magnetic fields, respectively. The calculation results show that the velocity of the ephoton is the same as the velocity of the electron in the conductor, which means that the ephotons are bound around the electrons. There are many ephotons around the electrons and the electrons can absorb the ephotons. This assumption does not conflict with existing experimental facts, nor does it conflict with existing theories such as the special theory of relativity. The proposed electromagnetic model can well explain the electromagnetic phenomena and the interactions between waves and electrons.
Longitudinal structural and functional brain development in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Mills Kathryn L. , Tamnes Christian K.
Published: September 2018

The development of the human brain involves a prolonged course of maturation, enabling us to learn to navigate our complex social environments. Here, we give short introductions to post-mortem and animal studies on postnatal brain development and selected methodological considerations for longitudinal developmental neuroimaging. We then describe typical developmental changes in brain structure and function from childhood to adulthood. We focus on measurements derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and on longitudinal data. Specifically, we discuss brain structural development based on morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies, and functional development based on resting-state and task-based functional MRI. Finally, we highlight selected current overarching research questions and argue that an important step in answering these questions is to study individual differences in longitudinal brain development.
“There’s Always Winners and Losers”: Traditional Masculinity, Resource Dependence, and Post-Disaster Environmental Complacency
Authors: Milnes Travis , Haney Timothy
Published: September 2018

The 2013 Southern Alberta flood was a costly and devastating event. The literature suggests that such disasters have the potential to spur greater environmentalism and environmental action, as residents make connections between global environmental change and local events. However, the literature also suggests that residents in communities dependent on fossil fuel extraction might see technological disasters, like oil spills, as threats to their economic well-being, thereby limiting environmental reflexivity. Given that Alberta is home of the tar sands, how might a flood disaster affect men’s environmental views, given both traditional notions of masculinity and men’s economic dependence on oil production? Using a survey of 407 flood-affected residents of Calgary and in-depth qualitative interviews with 20 men directly impacted by the flood, this article demonstrates men’s decreased tendency to change their environmental views after the flood. The qualitative data reveal that men justify this reluctance by shifting blame for climate change to the Global South, by arguing for the economic centrality of the tar sands for Alberta, and by discussing how a warming climate will largely be a positive outcome for Alberta. The article concludes with discussion of relevance for environmental sociology and for public policy.
“The River is Not the Same Anymore": Environmental Risk and Uncertainty in the Aftermath of the High River, Alberta Flood
Authors: Haney Timothy , McDonald-Harker Caroline
Published: September 2018

Even when individuals are aware of and well educated about environmental issues like climate change they often take little action to mitigate these problems. Yet catastrophic events, like disasters, have the potential to rupture or disrupt complacency toward environmental problems, forcing individuals to consider the potential effects of human activity on the environment as they expose how environmentally harmful practices put people at risk. This article is based on focus group interviews with 46 residents of High River, Alberta, a rural community hardest hit by the 2013 Southern Alberta flood. It examines if and how experiencing the flood prompted residents to think about the environment or interact with it in new ways. Findings suggest that residents voice a contradiction- while they believe that pre-flood human activity like deforestation, river diversion, and home-building altered the environment and placed communities like their own at risk, they also argue that natural forces like disasters are immune to human efforts to control them. Residents feel their environment is less stable and predicable since the flood, and they worry more about toxicity and associated environmental health risks. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for environmental sociology and public policy.
Clinical and histopathological analysis of the patients undergoing appendectomy
Authors: Koirala Kamal , KC Shiva Raj , Simkhada Ganesh , Mukhiya Rupesh , Pokharel Nisheem , KC Geetika
Published: September 2018

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies, but the diagnosis is difficult even with the sophisticated diagnostic tools. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical and histopathological features of acute appendicitis and to see how reliable the clinical scoring system modified Alvarado score in our setup.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of patients who underwent appendectomy at KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital during two years. The clinical characteristics of the patients in terms of modified Alvarado scoring were outlined. The diagnosis of acute appendicitis was confirmed by histopathological examination. The data were tabulated in MS-Excel and statistically analyzed using SPSS statistics software, version 21.Results: Among 118 patients, who underwent appendectomy, 69 were male and 49 were female with male to female ratio of 1.41:1 and mean age of 27.46±12.724 years.The clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis was more likely (MAS 7-9) in 56 patients, less likely (4–6) in 44 patients and unlikely (MAS 1-3) in 18 patients. The highest incidence of acute appendicitis was observed in 19-40 years and the lowest incidence in 61 years or above. After histopathological examination, 52 patients out of 56 in the more likely group had acute appendicitis and 4 patients had non-inflamed appendices. 7 patients out of 62 in the less likely and unlikely groups had acute appendicitis and 55 patients had non-inflamed appendices. The overall negative appendectomy rate was 9.32 percent.Conclusion: Our clinical practice of using modified Alvarado score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis is effective, easy and non-invasive.