bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion with a Reconfigurable Module and Its Application to Unmanned Storage Boxes
Authors: Lee Sung-Kyu , Hong Seung-Hyun , Jun Won-Ho , Hong Youn-Sik
Published: July 2022

We present a multi-sensor data fusion model based on a reconfigurable module (RM) with three fusion layers. In the data layer, raw data are refined with respect to the sensor characteristics and then converted into logical values. In the feature layer, a fusion tree is configured, and the values of the intermediate nodes are calculated by applying predefined logical operations, which are adjustable. In the decision layer, a final decision is made by computing the value of the root according to predetermined equations. In this way, with given threshold values or sensor characteristics for data refinement and logic expressions for feature extraction and decision making, we reconstruct an RM that performs multi-sensor fusion and is adaptable for a dedicated application. We attempted to verify its feasibility by applying the proposed RM to an actual application. Considering the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, an unmanned storage box was selected as our application target. Four types of sensors were used to determine the state of the door and the status of the existence of an item inside it. We implemented a prototype system that monitored the unmanned storage boxes by configuring the RM according to the proposed method. It was confirmed that a system built with only low-cost sensors can identify the states more reliably through multi-sensor data fusion.
From Social Accountability 8000 (SA8000) to Social Organisational Life Cycle Assessment (SO-LCA): An Evaluation of the Working Conditions of an Italian Wine-Producing Supply Chain
Authors: D’Eusanio Manuela , Tragnone Bianca Maria , Petti Luigia
Published: July 2022

The Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) methodologies allow the entire supply chain of wine to be analysed via a systematic approach. Social Organisational Life-Cycle Assessment (SO-LCA) extends the product perspective of Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) to a more complex view of the organisation, assessing the entire organisation or part of it (e.g., facilities, geographical area, brands) from a life cycle perspective. It is implemented via the technical framework adopted by Organisational LCA (O-LCA) and S-LCA and according to ISO 14040:2020 and ISO 14044:2020 standards; it follows four phases: Goal and Scope Definition phase, Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) and Life Cycle Interpretation. This study focuses on the implementation of SO-LCA in a wine-producing organisation starting from a social organisational approach to the working conditions previously evaluated with SA8000. The SO-LCA case study was performed on a consortium composed of nine cooperative wineries located in Chieti, Abruzzo, a region in Central Italy. The existing experience of the consortium with SA8000 provided information and data on the working conditions of the companies involved in the life cycle of the evaluated wine line. All the results were in compliance with our expectations. In the future, it would be desirable to integrate the evaluation based on SA8000 with other data, thus including further working-related social themes in the evaluation.
Grain Zinc and Yield Responses of Two Rice Varieties to Zinc Biofortification and Water Management
Authors: Khampuang Kankunlanach , Dell Bernard , Chaiwong Nanthana , Lordkaew Sithisavet , Rouached Hatem , Prom-u-thai Chanakan
Published: July 2022

Zinc (Zn) biofortification can improve grain yield and nutritional quality in rice, but its effectiveness is subject to agronomic practices and other factors. In a previous study, the application of Zn to soil enhanced grain Zn in lowland rice in well-drained and waterlogged soil, whereas grain Zn in upland rice increased only in well-drained soil. This new study explores the hypothesis that the application of foliar Zn can enhance grain Zn in upland and lowland rice grown under waterlogged and well-drained conditions. Two rice varieties, CNT1 (wetland rice) and KH CMU (upland rice) were grown in containers in waterlogged or well-drained soil with three Zn treatments (no Zn, soil Zn and foliar Zn). For the soil Zn treatment, 50 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 was applied to the soil before transplanting. For the foliar treatment, 0.5% ZnSO4 (equivalent to 900 L ha−1) was applied at booting and repeated at flowering and milky growth stages. Grain yield in CNT1 was 15.9% higher in the waterlogged than in the well-drained plants, but the water regime had no effect on grain yield in KH CMU. Grain Zn concentration in CNT1 increased from 19.5% to 32.6% above the no Zn control when plants were applied with soil or foliar Zn. In KH CMU, there was an interaction between the water regime and Zn treatment. Application of foliar Zn increased grain Zn by 44.6% in well-drained and 14.7% in waterlogged soil. The results indicate strong interaction effects between variety, water regime and Zn fertilizer application on Zn biofortification in rice. Thus, the selection of rice varieties and growing conditions should be considered in order for producers to achieve desirable outcomes from high grain Zn concentrations.
Analyzing Factors That Affect Rice Production Efficiency and Organic Fertilizer Choices in Vietnam
Authors: Chau Nguyen Thi , Ahamed Tofael
Published: July 2022

Rice farmers in Vietnam face many difficulties achieving technical efficiency (TE), which can be measured by the distance to the production frontier, in rice production due to non-optimal combinations of inputs and the influence of household socioeconomic characteristics. This study investigates the TE of rice production by applying stochastic frontier analysis to raw data obtained from the Vietnamese Households Living Standards Survey 2016 (VHLSS 2016) database. In addition, organic fertilizers now demand much attention worldwide because of their environmentally friendly characteristics. Therefore, this study identifies the effects of organic fertilizer choices on the TE of rice production. The results show that farmers in Vietnam achieved 87.6 percent TE and that most factors tested had significant effects on rice production. Instead of rice monoculture, the four main factors with strong and positive effects on TE levels were intensive labor, irrigation, mixing crops instead of rice monoculture, and education. Moreover, this study also revealed that organic fertilizer plays a vital role in growing rice by applying propensity score matching (PSM) between farmers who use or do not use irrigation facilities in rice production. While in the process of building a system, the government should focus on rice producers to strive for maximum efficiency with regard to labor productivity and mixed-crop farming, and to take proper measures to improve rice productivity and quality through the use of organic fertilizers. As a result, this study revealed that the use of organic fertilizers for rice production in Vietnam does not always benefit households’ TE.
Longitudinal Associations of Children’s Hyperactivity/Inattention, Peer Relationship Problems and Mobile Device Use
Authors: Konok Veronika , Szőke Rebeka
Published: July 2022

Children with emotional, behavioral or relationship problems may be more inclined to use mobile touchscreen devices (MTSDs: mobiles and tablets) to regulate their emotions or compensate for the lack of social relationships, which, in turn, may affect their symptoms. Bi-directional longitudinal associations between behavioral difficulties and MTSD use were analyzed. Participants were parents of children aged 4–6 years old at first data collection (n = 173), and 7–9 years old at second data collection (n = 98). They reported on their child’s MTSD use and behavioral difficulties at two time points (T1 and T2). It was analyzed whether T1 MTSD use predicts T2 behavioral difficulties (controlling for demographics and T1 behavioral difficulties); and whether T1 behavioral difficulties predict T2 MTSD use (controlling for demographics and T1 MTSD use). Additionally, cross-sectional associations between behavioral difficulties and MTSD use were analyzed. Children’s T1 hyperactivity/inattention score positively associated with T2 MTSD use, and peer relationship problems and MTSD use positively associated in T2. Pre-schoolers with more hyperactive inattentive symptoms may use MTSDs more to regulate their emotions. The association between peer relationship problems and MTSD use in T2 is consistent with poorer socio-cognitive skills in MTSD user children and may be bi-directional.
Towards a Sustainable Grain Production Network: An Empirical Study from Northeast China
Authors: Gao Huiying , Zhang Yu , Xu Caifen , Yang Yangmeina
Published: July 2022

As an important grain-producing area in China, research on the spatial correlation network of grain production in Northeast China is of great significance to ensure food security and realize the sustainable development of grain production. Based on the data of 40 cities in Northeast China from 1999 to 2019, we used the modified gravity model and social network analysis method to explore the structural characteristics of the spatial correlation network of grain production. Then, we divided the network into four blocks—net spillover block, main beneficial block, broker block, and bidirectional spillover block—and explored the interactive relationships and spillover effects between blocks. On this basis, corresponding policy recommendations were put forward. The results are as follows. (1) The spatial correlation network of grain production in Northeast China presents a complicated development trend, but the overall tightness of the network still needs to be improved. (2) The spatial correlation network of grain production is characterized by multi-center distribution, in which important nodes not only play the role of central actors but also act as intermediaries and bridges in the network. (3) There are obvious spatial correlations and spillover effects between blocks, and it is in the agglomeration stage of the agglomeration–diffusion effect.
The Impact of Pro-Social Behaviours on Workplace Performance and Sustainability of University Administration
Authors: Monyei Francis Ezieshi , Igwe Anthony Aniagboso , Onyeanu Edith Ogoegbunam , Kelvin-Iloafu Lovlyn Ekeowa , Ukpere Wilfred Isioma
Published: July 2022

Taking a leap from the perspective of organizational citizenship behaviour, pro-social behaviour examines how volunteering intentions such as helping or assisting colleagues, to how collaboration tendencies such as selfless or willful participation in workplace functions, events and issues can affect or influence administrative sustainability and longevity. This study examines the impact of pro-social behaviours on workplace performance and sustainability of university administration. Adopting the survey research design, respondents comprised both the academic and non-academic staff of the University of Nigeria, Enugu campus. The data collected were analyzed using the simple linear regression tools of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Version 20. Findings revealed that volunteering impacts the longevity development of university administration, while collaboration affects the competitive edge of university administration. The study thus concluded that pro-social behaviours influence the performance and sustainability of university administration.
A Comparative Analysis of the Competitiveness of Central American Countries Based on the Global Competitiveness Index before the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Melara-Gálvez César , Morales-Fernández Emilio J.
Published: July 2022

A country’s global competitiveness is a fundamental element that facilitates the understanding of why some countries generate more wealth than others, as well as better sources of income in a sustainable manner. With globalization and market integration, governments are reviewing the current values of economic, business, social, and environmental variables that define multidimensional competitiveness indices. Central American countries face difficult economic situations with challenging political and social ramifications. This study presents a comparative analysis of the competitiveness of Central American countries in a globalized environment before the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, multivariate statistical analysis and Cluster analysis have been applied to data from the World Economic Forum (WEF) Global Competitiveness Index 2018, contrasting it with the publication of the same index for 2019. This methodology allows to rank countries with similar levels of competitiveness and shows the relative position of each country about countries belonging to the same group and countries belonging to other groups with different levels of competitiveness. The results show differences in competitiveness at the country level in 12 variables or composite indicators of the Global Competitiveness Index, the most important being Macroeconomic Stability, IT Adoption, and Infrastructure, with the most significant differences between countries. This result contributes to the current policy discussion on measures to achieve sustainable competitiveness of Central American economies.
Mapping Natural Orbits around Io
Authors: Ferreira Thamis C. F. Carvalho , Prado Antonio F. Bertachini A. , Giuliatti Winter Silvia M. , Ferreira Lucas S.
Published: July 2022

As the most volcanically active celestial body in the Solar System, Io is a natural satellite of Jupiter due to its proximity to the planet and the fact that it is in mean motion resonance, known as the Laplace resonance, with the natural satellites Europa and Ganymede. This natural satellite is a good candidate to be visited by future missions. In this sense, the present work has the goal of studying and mapping the best initial orbital conditions for orbits around Io, considering the symmetrical or asymmetical perturbative effects of a third body (Jupiter) and the J2 term from the mass configuration of Io. The initial orbital parameters of the probe were investigated through a set of numerical simulations. The results showed that although most orbits around Io have lifetimes of less than 6 months, some regions were found where the initial conditions of the orbits provided satisfactory times for the accomplishment of future missions around Io.
Could the Presence of Thrips AFFECT the Yield Potential of Genetically Modified and Conventional Maize?
Authors: Cagáň Ľudovít , Bokor Peter , Skoková Habuštová Oxana
Published: July 2022

Maize pests like Ostrinia nubilalis and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera are eradicated using genetically modified maize. This study’s goal was to see if the genetically modified maize MON810 is also toxic to thrips communities on maize. The impact of Bt maize on thrips diversity and abundance, as well as yield losses, was studied in the field in Borovce for three years (Slovakia). The study used 10 Bt and 10 non-Bt maize cultivars. Thrips were monitored every two weeks during the season using transparent sticky traps installed on the experimental plots (one per plot, 20 per year). In total, 3426 thrips were caught. Thrips populations usually peak around the end of July at BBCH55. Among the species identified were Limothrips denticornis, Limothrips cerealium, Haplothrips aculeatus, Frankliniella schultzei, Frankliniella occidentalis, Thrips tabaci, Aeolothrips fasciatus, Frankliniella tenuicornis, and Chirothrips spp. We found that MON810 maize had no effect on the occurrence or composition of thrips. Their presence was affected by the maize growth phase and growing seasons and partially by the weather. The direct effect on the grain yield was not confirmed. Our research contributed to scientific knowledge of thrips communities found on maize plants in Central Europe, including Bt maize.
Deoxynivalenol Biosynthesis in Fusarium pseudograminearum Significantly Repressed by a Megabirnavirus
Authors: Li Ke , Liu Dongmei , Pan Xin , Yan Shuwei , Song Jiaqing , Liu Dongwei , Wang Zhifang , Xie Yuan , Dai Junli , Liu Jihong , Li Honglian , Zhang Xiaoting , Gao Fei
Published: July 2022

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin widely detected in cereal products contaminated by Fusarium. Fusarium pseudograminearum megabirnavirus 1 (FpgMBV1) is a double-stranded RNA virus infecting Fusarium pseudograminearum. In this study, it was revealed that the amount of DON in F. pseudograminearum was significantly suppressed by FpgMBV1 through a high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) assay. A total of 2564 differentially expressed genes were identified by comparative transcriptomic analysis between the FpgMBV1-containing F. pseudograminearum strain FC136-2A and the virus-free strain FC136-2A-V-. Among them, 1585 genes were up-regulated and 979 genes were down-regulated. Particularly, the expression of 12 genes (FpTRI1, FpTRI3, FpTRI4, FpTRI5, FpTRI6, FpTRI8, FpTRI10, FpTRI11, FpTRI12, FpTRI14, FpTRI15, and FpTRI101) in the trichothecene biosynthetic (TRI) gene cluster was significantly down-regulated. Specific metabolic and transport processes and pathways including amino acid and lipid metabolism, ergosterol metabolic and biosynthetic processes, carbohydrate metabolism, and biosynthesis were regulated. These results suggest an unrevealing mechanism underlying the repression of DON and TRI gene expression by the mycovirus FpgMBV1, which would provide new methods in the detoxification of DON and reducing the yield loss in wheat.
Largemouth Bass Virus Infection Induced Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in MsF Cells
Authors: Yang Jiahui , Xu Weihua , Wang Wenji , Pan Zanbin , Qin Qiwei , Huang Xiaohong , Huang Youhua
Published: July 2022

Largemouth bass virus (LMBV), belonging to the genus Ranavirus, causes high mortality and heavy economic losses in largemouth bass aquaculture. In the present study, a novel cell line, designated as MsF, was established from the fin of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and applied to investigate the characteristics of cell death induced by LMBV. MsF cells showed susceptibility to LMBV, evidenced by the occurrence of a cytopathic effect (CPE), increased viral gene transcription, protein synthesis, and viral titers. In LMBV-infected MsF cells, two or more virus assembly sites were observed around the nucleus. Notably, no apoptotic bodies occurred in LMBV-infected MsF cells after nucleus staining, suggesting that cell death induced by LMBV in host cells was distinct from apoptosis. Consistently, DNA fragmentation was not detected in LMBV-infected MsF cells. Furthermore, only caspase-8 and caspase-3 were significantly activated in LMBV-infected MsF cells, suggesting that caspases were involved in non-apoptotic cell death induced by LMBV in host cells. In addition, the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were detected in both LMBV-infected MsF cells and fathead minnow (FHM) cells. Combined with our previous study, we propose that cell death induced by LMBV infection was cell type dependent. Although LMBV-infected MsF cells showed the characteristics of non-apoptotic cell death, the signal pathways might crosstalk and interconnect between apoptosis and other PCD during LMBV infection. Together, our results not only established the in vitro LMBV infection model for the study of the interaction between LMBV and host cells but also shed new insights into the mechanisms of ranavirus pathogenesis.
Genetic Adaptation by Dengue Virus Serotype 2 to Enhance Infection of Aedes aegypti Mosquito Midguts
Authors: Erb Steven M. , Butrapet Siritorn , Roehrig John T. , Huang Claire Y.-H. , Blair Carol D.
Published: July 2022

Dengue viruses (DENVs), serotypes 1–4, are arthropod-borne viruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti. The transmission cycle begins when Ae. aegypti ingest blood from a viremic human and the virus infects midgut epithelial cells. In studying viruses derived from the DENV2 infectious clone 30P-NBX, we found that when the virus was delivered to female Ae. aegypti in an infectious blood meal, the midgut infection rate (MIR) was very low. To determine if adaptive mutations in the DENV2 envelope (E) glycoprotein could be induced to increase the MIR, we serially passed 30P-NBX in Ae. aegypti midguts. After four passages, a single, non-conservative mutation in E protein domain II (DII) nucleotide position 1300 became dominant, resulting in replacement of positively-charged amino acid lysine (K) at position 122 with negatively-charged glutamic acid (E; K122E) and a significantly-enhanced MIR. Site directed mutagenesis experiments showed that reducing the positive charge of this surface-exposed region of the E protein DII correlated with improved Ae. aegypti midgut infection.
Land Cover Change Effects on Stormflow Characteristics across Broad Hydroclimate Representative Urban Watersheds in the United States
Authors: Khand Kul , Senay Gabriel B.
Published: July 2022

Urban development alters stormflow characteristics and is associated with increasing flood risks. The long-term evaluation of stormflow characteristics that exacerbate floods, such as peak stormflow and time-to-peak stormflow at varying levels of urbanization across different hydroclimates, is limited. This study investigated the long-term (1980s to 2010s) effects of increasing urbanization on key stormflow characteristics using observed 15 min streamflow data across six broad hydroclimate representative urban watersheds in the conterminous United States. The results indicate upward trends in peak stormflow and downward trends in time-to-peak stormflow at four out of six watersheds. The watershed in the Great Plains region had the largest annual increasing (decreasing) percent change in peak stormflow (time-to-peak stormflow). With the current change rates, peak stormflow in the Great Plains region watershed is expected to increase by 55.4% and have a 2.71 h faster time-to-peak stormflow in the next decade.
GALDIT Modification for Seasonal Seawater Intrusion Mapping Using Multi Criteria Decision Making Methods
Authors: Yang Jeong-Seok , Jeong Yong-Wook , Agossou Amos , Sohn Jin-Sik , Lee Jae-Boem
Published: July 2022

Recently, coastal aquifers have been found to be increasingly exposed to seawater intrusion (SWI) due to climate change and anthropogenic activities. Various method exists for coastal aquifer vulnerability mapping and the one most commonly used is GALDIT because of its simplicity. The present study modified the original GALDIT ratings and weights using Shannon’s entropy theory to study the seasonal vulnerability of coastal aquifer in the coastal region of Benin, West Africa. Thus, the monthly GALDIT index for the study region was computed using 5 years of (2015–2019) average data of GALDIT dynamic input parameters. The original and modified GALDIT approaches were validated using total dissolved solid (TDS) concentration. Pearson’s correlation and Spearman coefficient correlations were calculated, and generally the modification of the GALDIT parameters’ relative weight using entropy has improved the method as this gave a better correlation with TDS concentration (0.739). From the calculated monthly GALDIT index, the most vulnerable period was identified using TOPSIS method. Based on TOPSIS results, the coastal aquifer of Benin is more vulnerable to seawater intrusion in February due to the decrease of groundwater level in that period and less vulnerable in July. The performed sensitivity analysis showed that height of groundwater level above the mean sea level, distance from shore, and thickness of the saturated aquifer have the most influence in vulnerability to SWI assessment in the study area.
An Analysis of Surface Water–Groundwater Interactions Based on Isotopic Data from the Kaidu River Basin, South Tianshan Mountain
Authors: Fan Yuting , Wu Ye , Wang Yun , Jiang Shengxia , Yu Shulong , Shang Huaming
Published: July 2022

The unique climate conditions and water source composition in the Tianshan Mountain provide a good experimental site for verifying the relationships between water resources and climate change on a larger scale. With the help of water isotopes (D, 18O), a more reliable conceptual model of groundwater systems can be constructed on both local and regional scales, especially in areas that are susceptible to climate change and under pressure from intensive human activities. In this paper, we present δ18O, δD, d-excess, RWLs and altitude effects of river water and groundwater based on the data derived from our network of stable isotope sampling sites along the Kaidu River. Stable isotope mass balance was applied to study the interactions between groundwater and surface water and to quantify the recharge proportions between bodies of water in typical regions. The results showed that the Kaidu River is composed of precipitation, ice and snow melt, baseflow and groundwater. The percentage of groundwater increased with the distance between upstream (the runoff producing area) and the leading edge of the glacier. The two recharge areas are the spring overflow from the mountain area to the alluvial layer of the inclined plain and the leading edge of the alluvial plains to areas with fine soil. The groundwater recharge ratio is about 23% in high mountain areas but 46% or more in the middle and lower reaches. These results generated a more comprehensive understanding of the hydrological cycle of inland rivers in arid regions.
IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL MÉTODO DE LOS MULTIPLICADORES DE LAGRANGE PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE LAS CONDICIONES ÓPTIMAS DE CLORACIÓN DEL ÁCIDO ESTEÁRICO
Authors: Guillade Valle Aldo Francisco
Published: July 2022

Se llevó a cabo la aplicación del método de los Multiplicadores de Lagrange en la optimización de la cinética de cloración con conversión al 60% de la reacción entre el ácido esteárico y el cloro en presencia del peróxido de benzoilo, con la finalidad de obtener un valor máximo de la reacción, que pueda optimizar los recursos del laboratorista, al realizar el experimento. Esto se realizó gracias a la obtención de una ecuación de regresión no lineal del tipo exponencial, mediante el método de los mínimos cuadrados. Luego se procedió a calcular una función que encierre los valores experimentales, que en este caso fue una ecuación elíptica y luego aplicar el método de los Multiplicadores de Lagrange, con una restricción, para determinar el valor extremo local. Posteriormente se calcula la derivada direccional en el punto extremo obtenido, para demostrar que corresponde a un máximo local. El método de los Multiplicadores de Lagrange sirve para determinar puntos máximos o mínimos de funciones multivariables, como las que se observan en la cinética química.

 

Palabra clave: acido, cloración, química, estudio, ecuación.

 

Abstract

The method of Lagrange Multipliers was applied in the optimization of chlorination kinetics with a 60% conversion in the reaction of stearic acid with chlorine in the presence of benzoyl peroxide in order to obtain a maximum reaction value that would optimize the lab technician’s resources at the time of conducting the experiment. This was achieved by obtaining a multivariate, exponential, nonlinear regression equation by the method of least squares. Afterward, a function that enclosed the experimental values was calculated, which resulted in an elliptic equation. Later, the Lagrange multipliers method was applied with a restriction to determine the local extreme value. Subsequently, the directional derivative was calculated in the obtained extreme point to show that it corresponds to a local maximum. The Lagrange multiplier method is used to determine the maximum and minimum points of multivariate functions, such as those found in chemical kinetics.

 

Keywords: acid, chlorination, chemical, study, equation.
Saúde, história, ciência e educação: perspectivas dos grupos PET da Unifesp durante a pandemia de covid-19
Authors: Guerra Ricardo Luís Fernandes , Bertuol Carla , Rodrigues Eliana , Rodrigues Jaime , Eckert Miranda Marcia , de Oliveira e Silva Maria Liduína , Santos Marques de Carvalho Raquel
Published: July 2022

O presente livro traz a contribuição dos alunos de graduação que integram os grupos PET da UNIFESP para a difusão de conhecimentos sobre o corona vírus, a covid-19 e os impactos da pandemia. Se no ano de 2020, a ciência e História foram muitas vezes questionadas e se o negacionismo ganhou destaque com consequências nocivas para a sociedade, este livro é um manifesto e uma contribuição para a resistência na defesa da Universidade.
MalNPDES Phase II Stormwater Rule—Integrating Community Engagement and Engineering Education
Authors: Gray Monica
Published: July 2022

The Engineering Program at Coastal Carolina University seeks to train future leaders who will develop and implement sustainable solutions to global challenges by engaging students in real-world, community-based projects starting with the two-course Cornerstone Sequence. The program’s vision is to: (1) increase participation of underrepresented and minority groups and address the persistent degree attainment gap in engineering; (2) create a learning and professional environment where diversity is celebrated as seminal to program success and where all students, particularly underrepresented and minority groups, thrive and excel; and (3) develop future leaders who are knowledgeable and who are able to apply scientific and engineering principles to impact the well-being of the global society and its environment. The Coastal Waccamaw Stormwater Education Consortium (CWSEC) members include six citizen science education agencies and eight municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s) serving Horry and Georgetown Counties in South Carolina. The mandate of the consortium is to help local governments meet EPA’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Stormwater Management Program Phase II Rule by implementing the following Minimum Control Measures (MCM): (1) Public Education and Outreach on Stormwater Impacts, and (2) Public Participation/Involvement. The consortium and the Engineering Program have partnered on MCM (1) and (2) by: (i) Integrating consortium activities in the ENGR 199/299 Cohort Grant Challenge Cornerstone Course Sequence’s deliverables. The objective of this two-course sequence is for students to identify and formulate complex engineering problems utilizing the National Academy of Engineering’s (NAE)14 Grand Challenges for Engineering in the twenty-first century as a framework for community-based projects; and (ii) Collaborating with representatives from municipalities and educational providers that are members of the consortium to provide current stormwater-related engineering design challenges to student groups. This paper reports on an initial, successful prototype of this partnership that occurred during the 2020 fall semester. Projects were focused on various aspects of the NAE Grand Challenge—“Provide Access to Clean Water.” The long-term vision is to integrate consortium activities into the engineering curriculum while leveraging the talent of engineering students to solve stormwater challenges in the community.
Gauging Residential Knowledge and Behavior to Inform Stormwater Outreach Efforts across South Carolina
Authors: Scaroni Amy , Duda Mark , Criscione Andrea , Jones Martin
Published: July 2022

Public outreach and education are important components of local stormwater management efforts aimed at protecting water quality and reducing pollutants of concern. Increasingly, educators recognize that creating effective outreach material depends on an understanding of the target audience, their current behavior, and their barriers and motivations to adopting pro-environmental behaviors. Clemson Extension’s Carolina Clear program partners with 39 communities across South Carolina to provide compliance-based stormwater education and outreach. On behalf of these community partners, Carolina Clear conducted the third iteration of a telephone survey to gauge local knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors of residents related to stormwater and watershed health. Results presented here will highlight key knowledge gaps (e.g., the misconception that stormwater runoff is treated) and behaviors (e.g., dumping down storm drains) that could potentially be targeted through education and removal of barriers (e.g., storm drain markings). Survey results showed ongoing misperceptions about the major sources of stormwater pollution, whether stormwater is treated, and what behaviors generate pollution. However, results also show a high level of concern about water quality, as well as a desire to practice pro-environmental behavior. Highlighting the connection between potential sources of pollution, such as pet waste and septic systems, and impacts, such as shellfish bed closures and swimming restrictions, could provide stronger awareness and motivation, particularly among the large number of residents who enjoy visiting beaches and who swim, fish, and boat in local waterways. Ultimately, the survey results can be used by a variety of educators and practitioners statewide to better understand and identify target audiences and to guide the development of stormwater programming that addresses these knowledge gaps. Conducting focus groups with subpopulations of residents is recommended as a next step to further identify specific motivations within subpopulations of residents. Combining the survey results with focus-group data can help educators remove barriers to taking action and further motivate behavior change.
Hydrologic Modeling of Urban Development Scenarios and Low-Impact Design Systems on an Undisturbed Coastal Forested Watershed under Extreme Rainfall-Runoff Events and Hydro-Meteorological Conditions in a Changing Climate
Authors: Corbin Julianna , Morgan Hunter , Patrohay Evan , Williams Ty , Amatya Devendra , Darnault Christophe
Published: July 2022

Watershed 80 (WS80), a reference watershed located in the USDA Forest Service Santee Experimental Forest, has been undisturbed since 1937, including from the silviculture that has historically characterized the region. Therefore, the results from this study are assumed to serve as a baseline of the developmental behavior for similar watersheds along the Southeastern Coastal Plain. The purpose of this study was first to analyze and compare the outputs of two rainfall-runoff models, the NRCS program WinTR-55 and the USGS Regional Regression Equations (RREs), with historical data gathered from WS80 to examine which model most accurately fits existing peak flow data. An accurate sense of peak flows is crucial in both the conservation and planning of sites, as proper stormwater management and infrastructure preserve the integrity of both natural resources and humanmade structures. Second, the study sought to analyze the impact of hypothetical development on design peak flow rate with up to 15% watershed imperviousness using each model. Additionally, two hypothetical scenarios of low-impact design (LID) practices such as vegetative rooftops and permeable pavements on development within the watershed were examined using the Purdue University software L-THIA. The USGS RREs overpredicted peak flows by 84% at a 5-yr return period to 12% at a 100-yr return period. WinTR-55 underpredicted peak flows by 31% at a 5-yr return period to 52% at a 100-yr return period. Increases in impervious surfaces led to subsequent increases in modeled design peak flows, with the greatest post-development change in design peak flow rate occurring within the USGS model. Although results showed that neither the USGS nor WinTR-55 models accurately predicted the design peak flow data from the watershed, USGS predictions were closer to the observed values for 50-yr or higher return periods than that from WinTR-55. Though LID practices were only applied up to a hypothetical 15% of the watershed, when fully implemented they were estimated to exert a 98% reduction in runoff which translated to a total reduction in volume by 20% and depth by 16% as compared to traditional design counterparts. This hypothesized evidence indicates the merit for using LID practices for runoff management even in situations of low imperviousness.
DAÑOS POR FRÍO EN ZAPOTE MAMEY (Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H. E. Moore and Stearn). II. CAMBIOS EN FENOLES TOTALES Y ACTIVIDAD ENZIMÁTICA
Authors: Alia-Tejacal Irán , Colinas-León María Teresa , Soto-Hernández Ramón Marcos
Published: July 2022

En frutos de zapote mamey (Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H. E. Moore and Stearn) se estudió la maduración a temperatura ambiente (20 °C; 50-60 % HR) y el comportamiento de este proceso durante y después del almacenamiento a bajas temperaturas (5, 10 y 15 °C; 80-85 % HR). Durante el cambio de madurez fisiológica a madurez de consumo en los frutos de zapote mamey almacenados a 20 °C por 12 d los fenoles totales disminuyeron de 1653 a 646 mg kg-1 y la actividad de polifenol oxidasa (PFO) se incrementó de 23.8 a 53.1 U g-1, y al mismo tiempo disminuyó la astringencia. La peroxidasa (POD), catalasa (CAT) y superóxido dismutasa (SOD) incrementaron su actividad de la madurez fisiológica a la madurez de consumo, de 383 a 2104, de 11.4 a 21 y de 6.7 a 28.5 U g-1, respectivamente. La proteína soluble aumentó de 82 en la madurez fisiológica a 950 mg kg-1 en la madurez de consumo. El almacenamiento a 5 °C retrasa la disminución de los fenoles totales (555.6 mg kg-1) e inhibió la actividad de PFO (11.2 U g-1) 8 d después de haber sido transferidos a 20 °C; disminuyó la actividad enzimática de CAT (14.5 U g-1) y SOD (6.4 U g-1), así como la concentración de la proteína soluble (251.7 mg kg-1) durante el mismo periodo. POD fue inhibida durante el almacenamiento, pero alcanzó valores similares al testigo (2443.4 U g-1) 8 d después transferirse a 20 °C. El almacenamiento a 10 °C provocó efectos similares que la temperatura de 5 °C pero en menor intensidad. Los frutos almacenados a 15 °C no fueron afectados negativamente en sus actividades enzimáticas, proteína soluble y concentración de fenoles totales. Por tanto, la inhibición de la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes fue afectada negativamente por el almacenamiento a temperaturas menores de 10 °C y estuvo asociada a daños por frío en frutos de zapote mamey.
DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA EN SOYA DEL TRÓPICO HÚMEDO DE MÉXICO DETERMINADA CON MARCADORES AFLP
Authors: Pecina-Quintero Víctor , Maldonado-Hernández Laura , Maldonado-Moreno Nicolás , Simpson June , Martínez-de la Vega Octavio , Gil-Vega Katia del Carmen
Published: July 2022

La soya [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] posee bajos niveles de diversidad genética en comparación con otras especies autógamas. Por lo anterior y con el fin de determinar si existe la necesidad de introducir nuevo germoplasma para generar nuevas variedades, se evaluó la diversidad genética de 24 líneas elite de soya para el trópico húmedo de México y nueve introducciones de otros países, mediante marcadores moleculares tipo AFLP. Los resultados revelaron que las líneas e introducciones no se agruparon de acuerdo a su origen geográfico, además de indicar un alto nivel de polimorfismos (60 %). Los genotipos de México son altamente similares a los de Brasil. El índice dediversidad genética fue bajo (31 %), y semejante a los reportados en otros estudios con RFLP y RAPD. Aunque la muestra de genotipos no representó a la totalidad del germoplasma de soya cultivada en el trópico húmedo de México, se considera que existe suficiente diversidad genética para generar nuevas variedades, ya que tres líneas mexicanas fueron más divergentes a nivel molecular que los materiales considerados filogenéticamente distintos de otros países (basados en características morfológicas y fisiológicas) utilizados como testigos.
CAMBIOS EN LA CALIDAD POSTCOSECHA DE VARIEDADES DE TUNA CON Y SIN SEMILLA
Authors: Corrales-García Joel , Hernández-Silva Juan Luis
Published: July 2022

En esta investigación se determinaron diversas características de calidad (a la cosecha y después de 20 d de frigoconservación a 10°C ± 1°C, HR de 90%) y el patrón respiratorio de tunas con y sin semilla de seis variedades cultivadas en la Nopalera Experimental de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, cosechadas en madurez comercial. Las tunas sin semilla se obtuvieron por emasculación de flores 2 d antes de su apertura y mediante aplicación de los ácidos indolbutírico y giberélico (AG3). La ausencia de semillas afectó negativa, pero diferencialmente algunas características de calidad, dependiendo de la variedad. La variedad Naranjona fue la más sensible a este factor, ya que sus frutos sin semilla presentaron menor peso, menor relación jugo/pulpa y pulpa/cáscara, fueron más alargados, de cáscara más gruesa y mostraron mayor ablandamiento de la misma, que los frutos con semilla. Al momento de la cosecha, las tunas sin semilla, en comparación con las normales, tuvieron menor relación pulpa/cáscara (P ≤ 0.05) casi en todas las variedades, excepto en Amarilla 2289. En sólidos solubles totales y acidez titulable, no hubo efectos significativos de la ausencia de semilla. Después de frigoconservación, consistentemente las tunas sin semilla en general presentaron mayor grosor de cáscara (P ≤ 0.05) en casi todas las variedades, excepto en Amarilla Milpa Alta, y mayor penetración o ablandamiento de cáscara (P ≤ 0.05) en Amarilla 3389, Rubí Reina y Naranjona. La variedad que presentó menor ablandamiento y pérdidas de peso; fue Cristalina, mientras que el mayor ablandamiento se presentó en Rubí Reina; las mayores pérdidas de peso ocurrieron en las variedades Amarilla Milpa Alta y Amarilla 3389. La ausencia de semilla indujo mayor respiración del fruto.
COMPARACIÓN DE PROGENIES DE PAPA PARA PRODUCCIÓN DE TUBÉRCULO SEMILLA Y RENDIMIENTO COMERCIAL
Authors: Sarquís-Ramírez Jorge I. , Coria-Gil Norma A.
Published: July 2022

Se establecieron dos experimentos en El Lindero, municipio de La Perla, Veracruz. El primero se llevó a cabo en invernadero para evaluar la producción de minitubérculos de siete progenies de papa. El segundo consistió en la evaluación del rendimiento de tubérculo en campo del tubérculo-semilla producido en invernadero en el ciclo anterior. En ambos experimentos, la mayoría de las progenies se comportaron favorablemente con respecto a las dos variedades testigo incluidas. Los análisis de varianza revelaron efectos genotípicos significativos para el rendimiento en invernadero y campo. En invernadero los mejores genotipos fueron TPS7xTPS67, MFIIxTPS67 y MFIxTPS13, con 520, 306 y 290 tubérculos/m2 , respectivamente y superaron al mejor testigo en 100, 30 y 23 %, respectivamente. En campo, aunque no hubo diferencias estadísticas entre las mejores progenies y las variedades testigo, sí se observó un comportamiento muy competitivo entre las progenies. En este caso, sobresalió H-2018, con rendimiento mayor a 23 t ha-1; pero la variación entre progenies fue amplia y la que menos produjo fue LT8xTPS13, con menos de 10 t ha-1. Los resultados muestran el potencial de la semilla botánica de papa para la producción de tubérculo-semilla de alta calidad que resulta ser una buena alternativa a la costosa semilla certificada; sin embargo, es indispensable la evaluación in situ de las progenies de semilla botánica para poder adoptar los mejores materiales en cada localidad.
SISTEMAS DE MANEJO PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN SUSTENTABLE DE CHILE SECO cv. ‘MIRASOL
Authors: Serna-Pérez Alfonso , Zegbe Jorge A. , Mena-Covarrubias Jaime , Rubio-Díaz Salvador
Published: July 2022

La producción de chile (Capsicum annuum L.) para secado requiere de grandes cantidades de agua y de un uso itinerante e intensivo del suelo. En consecuencia, nuevas tierras son abiertas al cultivo para resolver problemas de baja productividad, contaminación del suelo y enfermedades de la planta. La sustentabilidad del cultivo debe orientarse hacia nuevos sistemas de manejo y estrategias alternativas en el manejo del riego. En este trabajo se probaron tres sistemas de manejo del cultivo y dos formas de aplicación del riego sobre el rendimiento, calidad, productividad del agua e incidencia de enfermedades de chile cv. ‘Mirasol’ para secado. Los sistemas resultaron de la combinación de prácticas de incorporación de abono verde al suelo y la aplicación de insumos inorgánicos y orgánicos para la fertilización y control de organismos dañinos. Los sistemas evaluados fueron: convencional, intermedio y orgánico. Las formas de riego fueron: riego completo y riego parcial de la raíz (RPR). El menor rendimiento se obtuvo en el sistema orgánico, pero éste produjo mayor proporción de frutos de primera y segunda y menos frutos manchados. La menor incidencia de la enfermedad llamada “secadera” (Phytophthora capsici) se presentó en el sistema intermedio, mientras que la más baja productividad del agua se observó en el sistema orgánico. El RPR produjo menos frutos manchados, incrementó la productividad del agua y disminuyó la incidencia del amarillamiento del chile; pero redujo el rendimiento. Además, el RPR redujo el volumen de agua de riego aplicado en 25 %.
ESTRÉS POR IMPACTO EN FRUTOS DE ZAPOTE MAMEY (Pouteria sapota) DURANTE EL MANEJO POSTCOSECHA
Authors: Hernández-Molina Magdalena , Martínez-Morales Arturo , Alia-Tejacal Irán , Hernández-Hernández Luis U. , Osorio-Osorio Rodolfo , Colinas-León Ma. Teresa , López-Martínez Víctor , Bautista-Baños Silvia , Valle-Guadarrama Salvador
Published: July 2022

Se evaluó el efecto del estrés por impacto en frutos de zapote mamey [Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H. E. Moore & Stearn] cosechados en Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, México, durante mayo y junio de 2006. Frutos de zapote mamey cosechados en madurez fisiológica fueron sometidos a impacto por caídas desde 0.0, 0.6, 1.2 y 1.8 m, y en ellos se midió velocidad de respiración y producción de etileno, pérdidas de peso y color (luminosidad, ángulo matiz y cromaticidad), en condiciones de laboratorio (30 ± 2 °C; 85 % HR). Los frutos utilizados como testigo mostraron el típico patrón climatérico con máximos de velocidad de respiración y producción de etileno entre 2 y 3 d después de la cosecha con valores de 65 a 66 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 y entre 34 y 48 μL C2H4 kg-1 h-1, respectivamente; la pérdida de peso fue de 8 % después de 6 d; la luminosidad y cromaticidad disminuyeron sus valores durante la maduración, mientras que el matiz mostró poco cambio. Los frutos cosechados en mayo mostraron una respiración mayor y valores mayores de matiz que los de junio; en el resto de las variables no se detectó efecto de la fecha de cosecha (P ≤ 0.05). Los frutos sometidos a caída de alturas mayores de 1.2 m mostraron valores mayores de CO2 (entre 15 y 27 %) y de producción de etileno (entre 27 y 56 %) con respecto al testigo; también se detectó mayor pérdida de peso, en tanto que los valores de luminosidad y la cromaticidad fueron menores comparados con los frutos testigo, debido al oscurecimiento de la pulpa, y el ángulo matiz mostró pocos cambios. Los efectos negativos del estrés por impacto se observaron en caídas mayores a 0.6 m.
SOLUCIONES Y REFRIGERACIÓN PARA ALARGAR LA VIDA POSTCOSECHA DE ROSA cv. ‘BLACK MAGIC’
Authors: Juárez-Hernández Pablo , Colinas-León Ma. Teresa , Valdez-Aguilar Luis A. , Espinosa-Flores Amando , Castro-Brindis Rogelio , Cano-García Gloria V.
Published: July 2022

La variedad de rosal (Rosa hybrida L.) ‘Black Magic’ por sus pétalos aterciopelados de color rojo intenso, es altamente apreciada por los productores del Estado de México debido a su demanda durante todo el año, en particular en fechas pico (14 de febrero, 10 de Mayo y 12 de diciembre). Debido a que su problema principal es el marchitamiento precoz en la fase postcosecha causado por una baja absorción de agua, en este trabajo se evaluaron tres soluciones preservantes con base en 8- citrato de hidroxiquinoleina (HQC), en comparación con un producto comercial. Las variables consideradas fueron: apertura floral, peso fresco de tallo, consumo de agua, abscisión de hojas, área petalar, peso seco de área petalar, peso seco de pétalos y peso específico. Los resultados demuestran que la mejor solución para preservar tallos florales de rosa cv. ‘Black Magic’ es el producto comercial Chrysal RVB®, seguido muy de cerca por la solución con HQC (50 mg L-1) más ácido aminooxiacético (16 mg L-1), porque alargan la vida postcosecha hasta 10 d, conservan la calidad medida como apertura floral, y mantienen el peso fresco de tallo con consumo de agua constante y baja abscisión de hojas.