bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying Deep Learning to Establish a Total Hip Arthroplasty Radiography Registry
Authors: Rouzrokh Pouria , Khosravi Bardia , Johnson Quinn J. , Faghani Shahriar , Vera Garcia Diana V. , Erickson Bradley J. , Maradit Kremers Hilal , Taunton Michael J. , Wyles Cody C.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Establishing imaging registries for large patient cohorts is challenging because manual labeling is tedious and relying solely on DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) metadata can result in errors. We endeavored to establish an automated hip and pelvic radiography registry of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients by utilizing deep-learning pipelines. The aims of the study were (1) to utilize these automated pipelines to identify all pelvic and hip radiographs with appropriate annotation of laterality and presence or absence of implants, and (2) to automatically measure acetabular component inclination and version for THA images.

Methods:

We retrospectively retrieved 846,988 hip and pelvic radiography DICOM files from 20,378 patients who underwent primary or revision THA performed at our institution from 2000 to 2020. Metadata for the files were screened followed by extraction of imaging data. Two deep-learning algorithms (an EfficientNetB3 classifier and a YOLOv5 object detector) were developed to automatically determine the radiographic appearance of all files. Additional deep-learning algorithms were utilized to automatically measure the acetabular angles on anteroposterior pelvic and lateral hip radiographs. Algorithm performance was compared with that of human annotators on a random test sample of 5,000 radiographs.

Results:

Deep-learning algorithms enabled appropriate exclusion of 209,332 DICOM files (24.7%) as misclassified non-hip/pelvic radiographs or having corrupted pixel data. The final registry was automatically curated and annotated in <8 hours and included 168,551 anteroposterior pelvic, 176,890 anteroposterior hip, 174,637 lateral hip, and 117,578 oblique hip radiographs. The algorithms achieved 99.9% accuracy, 99.6% precision, 99.5% recall, and a 99.6% F1 score in determining the radiograph appearance.

Conclusions:

We developed a highly accurate series of deep-learning algorithms to rapidly curate and annotate THA patient radiographs. This efficient pipeline can be utilized by other institutions or registries to construct radiography databases for patient care, longitudinal surveillance, and large-scale research. The stepwise approach for establishing a radiography registry can further be utilized as a workflow guide for other anatomic areas.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Deep Learning and Imaging for the Orthopaedic Surgeon
Authors: Hill Brandon G. , Krogue Justin D. , Jevsevar David S. , Schilling Peter L.
Published: July 2022

➤ In the not-so-distant future, orthopaedic surgeons will be exposed to machines that begin to automatically “read” medical imaging studies using a technology called deep learning.

➤ Deep learning has demonstrated remarkable progress in the analysis of medical imaging across a range of modalities that are commonly used in orthopaedics, including radiographs, computed tomographic scans, and magnetic resonance imaging scans.

➤ There is a growing body of evidence showing clinical utility for deep learning in musculoskeletal radiography, as evidenced by studies that use deep learning to achieve an expert or near-expert level of performance for the identification and localization of fractures on radiographs.

➤ Deep learning is currently in the very early stages of entering the clinical setting, involving validation and proof-of-concept studies for automated medical image interpretation.

➤ The success of deep learning in the analysis of medical imaging has been propelling the field forward so rapidly that now is the time for surgeons to pause and understand how this technology works at a conceptual level, before (not after) the technology ends up in front of us and our patients. That is the purpose of this article.
Determinantes da Intenção de Rotatividade no Setor Público: um estudo em uma instituição federal de ensino
Authors: Pinho Ana Paula Moreno , Silva Clayton Robson Moreira da , Oliveira Evalda Rodrigues da Silva de
Published: July 2022

Objetivo da pesquisa: Analisar os determinantes da intenção de rotatividade no setor público, verificando a influência das práticas de gestão de pessoas, da satisfação no trabalho e das características demográficas e ocupacionais na intenção de rotatividade dos servidores.

Enquadramento teórico: O desligamento voluntário de profissionais pode gerar consequências negativas para a organização, tais como: custos para contratação e treinamento de novos trabalhadores; perda da identidade organizacional; e redução na qualidade dos serviços prestados. Conhecer os determinantes da intenção de rotatividade dos servidores públicos pode contribuir para que os gestores públicos atuem na redução desses prejuízos à organização.

Metodologia: Trata-se de uma survey com 480 servidores técnico-administrativos de uma instituição federal de ensino. Utilizaram-se técnicas de estatística descritiva, análise fatorial exploratória e regressão linear múltipla.

Resultados: Verificou-se que a intenção de rotatividade no setor público é influenciada negativamente pelas práticas de envolvimento, condições de trabalho e remuneração e recompensas, assim como pela satisfação em relação ao salário e promoções e à natureza do trabalho. As práticas de recrutamento e seleção e a satisfação com os colegas influenciam positivamente a intenção de rotatividade. A idade e o gênero dos respondentes também estão associados à intenção de rotatividade, de modo que mulheres e pessoas mais velhas apresentam menor propensão em deixar a organização.

Originalidade: Este estudo se diferencia dos demais por explorar diferentes elementos organizacionais e variáveis relacionadas ao perfil dos trabalhadores, ampliando a discussão sobre os fatores que podem levar os servidores públicos a deixarem suas organizações.

Contribuições teóricas e práticas: Assim, esta pesquisa contribui para o campo da gestão pública, à medida em que traz evidências empíricas que podem servir de arcabouço para gestores público delinearem estratégias gerenciais, com foco nas práticas de gestão de pessoas e na satisfação, com o intuito de estimular a permanência de profissionais na organização.
Por uma Agenda de Pesquisa sobre o Trabalho de Investigação Policial em Administração Pública no Brasil: Homicídios
Authors: Alcadipani Rafael
Published: July 2022

Objetivo da Pesquisa: O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a investigação criminal com atenção especial ao crime de homicídio a fim de propor uma agenda de pesquisa sobre o tema para a área de Administração Pública.
Marco Teórico: Discussões acadêmicas sobre trabalho policial e investigação criminal.
Resultados: Articulação conceitual a respeito dos principais elementos da investigação criminal em geral e de homicídios em particular, culminando em uma proposta de agenda de pesquisa para a Administração Pública.
Originalidade: Apresentar o tema do trabalho e da investigação policial para ser pensada na Administração Pública no Brasil.
Contribuições teóricas e práticas: Trazer para a ad
Objetivo da Pesquisa: O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a investigação criminal com atenção especial ao crime de homicídio a fim de propor uma agenda de pesquisa sobre o tema para a área de Administração Pública.
Marco Teórico: Discussões acadêmicas sobre trabalho policial e investigação criminal.
Resultados: Articulação conceitual a respeito dos principais elementos da investigação criminal em geral e de homicídios em particular, culminando em uma proposta de agenda de pesquisa para a Administração Pública.
Originalidade: Apresentar o tema do trabalho e da investigação policial para ser pensada na Administração Pública no Brasil.
Contribuições teóricas e práticas: Trazer para a administração pública em específico, e para a administração em geral, a discussão a respeito da investigação criminal e, em particular, de homicídio no Brasil. Esta contribuição teórica possui a contribuição prática de possibilitar a policiais a compreensão da literatura acadêmica sobre trabalho e investigação policial.
 
ministração pública em específico, e para a administração em geral, a discussão a respeito da investigação criminal e, em particular, de homicídio no Brasil. Esta contribuição teórica possui a contribuição prática de possibilitar a policiais a compreensão da literatura acadêmica sobre trabalho e investigação policial.
A implementação do Marco Regulatório das Organizações da Sociedade Civil: dinâmicas entre as lógicas institucionais do Estado e da sociedade e sua implicação na coprodução
Authors: De Morais Holanda Bruna , Maria Emerenciano de Mendonça Patricia
Published: July 2022

Objetivo da pesquisa: compreender como as dinâmicas organizacionais Estado-sociedade, dadas pela interação entre diferenteslógicas institucionais, influenciam nos processos de coprodução na implementação do Marco Regulatório das Organizações daSociedade Civil (MROSC).
Enquadramento teórico: referenciais teóricos da pesquisa são as literaturas de lógicas institucionais e de coprodução de bens,serviços e políticas públicas.Metodologia: estudo de caso instrumental coletivo dos Conselhos de Fomento e Colaboração (CONFOCOs) de Belo Horizontee da Bahia, baseado em entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação direta e análise documental, e operacionalizado por meio de análisede conteúdo.
Resultados: determinados conjuntos de processos da implementação do MROSC dentro dos CONFOCOs são coproduzidos nosdois casos estudados, contudo, eles são distintos em cada um. Há forte incidência das lógicas institucionais estatal e comunitáriano campo, e as diferentes formas como elas se relacionam produzem resultados coproduzidos distintos.Originalidade: aplicação de teoria neoinstitucional em estudo sobre coprodução para explicação das variações dos resultadoscoproduzidos em determinado processo.
Contribuições teóricas e práticas: as dinâmicas organizacionais Estado-sociedade podem ser explicadas, entre outros fatores, pelasinterações entre lógicas institucionais. Essas interações, quando estabelecidas no âmbito dos CONFOCOs, influem nos resultadosque são coproduzidos neles.
Desigualdades e Ações Públicas para seu Enfrentamento: uma Proposta de Abordagem Conceitual para o Campo de Públicas.
Authors: Marcondes Mariana Mazzini , Duarte de Araújo Maria Arlete , Cavalcante de Lima Ana Raquel , Cândido do Nascimento Clara Carolina
Published: July 2022

Objetivo. Propor uma abordagem conceitual das ações públicas para enfrentamento das desigualdades para o Campo de Públicas.

Enquadramento teórico. O eixo articulador da abordagem é a interseccionalidade, que permite entender que relações produtoras de desigualdades estão imbricadas e, por isso, demandam ações articuladas para seu enfrentamento.

Metodologia. O ensaio teórico foi construído a partir de 43 verbetes do Glossário das Desigualdades do Observatório das Desigualdades da UFRN. Este material foi construído de forma colaborativa e interdisciplinar, reunindo verbetes fundamentais para a compreensão das desigualdades e das ações públicas para enfrentá-las. Os verbetes estão disponíveis ao acesso público (formatos audiovisual e textual).

Resultados. Reflete-se sobre as desigualdades, entendidas como problemas públicos complexos. Discute-se as ações públicas para o enfrentamento às desigualdades (estatais e não estatais) na perspectiva da integralidade e da inovação, destacando-se as estratégias da transversalidade e intersetorialidade. 

Originalidade. A despeito dos avanços contemporâneos, ainda é incipiente a produção de conhecimento sistêmico que subsidie a introdução e/ou ampliação da discussão sobre desigualdades nas teorias e práticas do Campo de Públicas. Trabalhos teóricos que sistematizam o debate sobre desigualdades e ações públicas para enfrenta-las são necessários para a incorporação de novos conceitos e abordagens sobre desigualdades ao referido Campo.

Contribuição teórica. Ofertar uma abordagem conceitual para teorias e práticas sobre desigualdades para subsidiar atividades de ensino, pesquisa, extensão desigualdades no Campo de Públicas.
Neo-Pentecostalism and religious conservatism on Facebook: A digital ethnography in Peruvian Pro-Family and Pro-Life groups
Authors: Muro Ampuero Eduardo
Published: July 2022

This article is situated in the galloping rise of a conservatism that seeks to mold society according to moral standards based on a rigid religiosity that advocates the defense of the «traditional family», the fight against homosexualization of children, and communism. The main actors have been collectives that call themselves Pro-family and Pro-life and have a close relationship with ultra-conservative religious groups; being the Evangelical-Neopentecostals who have led these movements. Thus, it is assumed that these groups have a religious substratum based on the political theology of neo-Pentecostalism. Considering the lack of digital ethnographic research on this phenomenon, this paper seeks to delve into the ideal of society that the Facebook followers of these collectives want for Peru and the (dis)connections that may exist between them and Peruvian Neo-Pentecostalism.
Discriminación percibida y refutación en el discurso de mujeres comerciantes informales en la frontera peruano-chilena
Authors: Pastor Seperak Marly Mahly , Chávez Vargas Mariel Cynthia
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo analiza el discurso de la discriminación percibida de mujeres peruanas comerciantes de ropa y calzado de segundo uso en la frontera peruano-chilena. La actividad que ellas realizan forma parte del comercio de menor cuantía amparado en un Régimen Especial de Frontera del Tratado de 1929, pero que hoy, tras posteriores procesos legislativos, resulta una práctica informal, ilegal y criminalizada en Tacna (Perú). A partir de la propuesta metodológica de David Mellor (2003) y Eugenia Merino (2006) para el análisis crítico del discurso de la discriminación percibida, se busca develar, a través de sus narrativas personales, la forma en que este grupo de comerciantes percibe su representación y estigmatización. El levantamiento de sus historias de vida exhibe la preeminencia de dos principales categorías de discriminación, la institucional y la verbal; asimismo, entre los temas que conforman dichas categorías destaca el tema prejuicios, cuyo análisis de su secuencia argumentativa evidencia el uso constante de la refutación. A partir de ello, se puede concluir que en el discurso de las comerciantes hay plena conciencia de la representación de su alteridad y una necesidad imperiosa por refutar los prejuicios que existen sobre ellas y su trabajo.
Indios esclavos en Lima desde la perspectiva del «Padrón de los indios de Lima en 1613»
Authors: Vega Loyola José Javier
Published: July 2022

Con el propósito de llamar la atención sobre la esclavitud indígena en la ciudad de Lima, se revisó el «Padrón de los indios de Lima en 1613», y se identificó huellas que evidencian la esclavitud manifiesta o encubierta de indios que vivían en la ciudad. A través de matrices de sistematización se trianguló la información encontrada y se contextualizó con información procedente de otros repositorios documentales e información historiográfica. Se encontró que tuvieron la condición de esclavos la totalidad de indios de la «India de Portugal», más de dos tercios de los «Indios de Chile», algunos «Indios del Xapón» e «Indios de la China»; y que se utilizó el calificativo de «indios de guerra» para justificar la esclavitud indígena; y la denominación de «servidumbre» para encubrir la esclavitud de indios de diversos lugares de los Andes; además, que también algunos indios fueron propietarios de esclavos indios.
La caricatura «chicha» durante el régimen fujimorista. Discurso político y contradiscurso humorístico
Authors: Infante Yupanqui Carlos Rodrigo
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo desarrolla una lectura sobre la dinámica de una variedad de caricatura, de dibujo trivial, pragmático y sensacionalista, que circuló durante la fase final del régimen fujimorista, en el contexto de auge de la llamada prensa «chicha». El análisis de su discurso se realiza desde una perspectiva sociocrítica e incluye una aproximación de contexto. Nuestra hipótesis sugiere que la caricatura o dibujo de humor «chicha» se caracterizó por una estructura discursiva que rompió con la racionalidad del humor gráfico convencional, y renunció a la capacidad de profundizar en aquellas contorsiones que dinamizaban el juego de la vida.
Van der Waals heterostructure of BixIy for ultra-sensitive x-ray detection
Authors: Zhuang Renzhong , Cai Songhua , Mei Zengxia , Liang Huili , Zhao Ningjiu , Mu Haoran , Yu Wenzhi , Jiang Yan , Yuan Jian , Lau Shu Ping , Deng Shiming , Han Mingyue , Jin Peng , Wang Cailin , Zhang Guangyu , Lin Shenghuang
Published: July 2022

X-ray detectors need to be operated at as low as possible doses to reduce radiation health risks during x-ray security examination or medical inspection, which drives the efforts to explore novel detectors with high sensitivity and low detection limits. Organolead trihalide perovskite is the champion, with the highest sensitivity and lowest detection limit. Unfortunately, these materials threaten the safety of the human body and environment by the toxic issue of lead. Here we present a new environmentally friendly material with van der Waals heterostructure of BixIy for ultra-sensitive x-ray detection. The BixIy detector provides anisotropic x-ray detecting performance with a sensitivity up to 1.3×105 µC Gy− 1 cm− 2 and a detection limit as low as 34 nGy s− 1. Meanwhile, our BixIy detector demonstrates wonderful environmental and hard radiation stabilities. Our discovery inspires the search for new van der Waals heterostructure classes to realize high-performance x-ray detectors and other optoelectronic devices without employing toxic elements.
Unique deep-sea bacterial assemblages thriving on different natural organic matters delivered via in situ incubators
Authors: Li Jianyang , Dong Chunming , Lai Qiliang , Huang Zhaobin , Zhou Donghui , Gong Linfeng , Wang Guangyi , Shao Zongze
Published: July 2022

The transport of organic matters to the deep sea constantly occurs in global oceans and in accompany with simultaneous microbial remineralization. However, little is known about the impact of fast sinking organic complex on oceanic deep ecosystem and its interactions with microbes throughout the process of sinking and settling on the sea bottom. In this report, to observe the response of indigenous microorganisms to the newly input of organic matters, we developed a series of deep-sea in situ incubators loaded on the seabed and seamount with various organic substrates of plant and animal origins. Through high-throughput sequencing, we found the bacterial communities, in situ enriched for 4–12 months, were significant different from the control groups. The bacteria of Marinifilaceae were revealed as the key members; in addition, other key decomposers including Spirochaetaceae, Psychromonadaceae, Vibrionaceae, and Moritellaceae were recruited in most assemblages, with varied abundance accordingly and diversified at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level. Additionally, sulphate-reducing bacteria (Desulfobulbaceae and Desulfobacteraceae) and sulphur-oxidizing bacteria (Arcobacteraceae and Sulfurovaceae) were the dominant taxa. Interestingly, PICRUSt analysis demonstrated that nitrogen fixation inside the assemblages was enriched in the enrichments with plant detritus or fatty acids. Within the assemblages stimulated by substrates short of nitrogen sources, the microbial network was dominated by cooperative relationships, whereas competition relationships overwhelmed the communities thriving on protein-rich animal tissue. These unique bacterial assemblages driven by newly input organic matters, constitute the microbial carbon pump involved in carbon, sulphur, and nitrogen cycles in oceanic interior.
The predictive utility of preoperative electroencephalography for postoperative delirium
Authors: Kim Jeongmin , Park Sujung , Kim Keung-Nyun , Ha Yoon , Kim Eunwha , Cha Wonseok , Lee Ki-young , Choi Jungmi , Koo Bon-Nyeo
Published: July 2022

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is associated with adverse outcomes in elderly patients after surgery. Electroencephalography (EEG) is an effective tool for identifying degenerative cerebral dysfunctions, including mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Methods: We included 237 patients aged > 70 years who underwent spinal surgery. We measured the median dominant frequency (MDF), which is a resting-state EEG biomarker involving intrinsic alpha oscillations that reflect an idle cortical state, from the prefrontal regions. Additionally, the mini-mental state examination and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were performed before surgery as well as 5 days, 1 month, and 1 year after surgery. Results: Forty-eight (20.3%) patients were diagnosed with POD. A multivariable logistic regression analysis that included age, MoCA score, Charlson comorbidity index score > 4, anaesthesia duration > 4 hours, and the MDF as variables revealed that the MDF had a significant odds ratio of 0.4 (95% confidence interval 0.23–0.77). Among the patients with POD, the postoperative neurocognitive disorders could last up to 1 year.Conclusions: In conclusion, a low MDF on preoperative EEG was associated with POD in elderly patients undergoing surgery. Our findings suggest that EEG could be a novel tool for identifying patients at a high risk of POD.
The Impact of Wood Fibers in Composite Panels Made from Recycled Fiberglass Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Mamanpush Seyed Hossein , Li Hui , Tabatabei Bahareh Tavousi , Englund Karl
Published: July 2022

The utilization of wind power has increased almost exponentially during the last decade, leading to the growth in both the number and size of wind turbines. Modern turbine blades are typically made of fiberglass sandwiched around a balsa wood (BW) core. With an increase in the use of wind energy a collateral issue of what to do with the large and voluminous wind turbine blades (WTB) that reached end-of-life has arisen. Through previous research, we developed a recycling process that will keep these turbine blades out of the landfill by considering recycled wind turbine blades as a feedstock for second generation composite panels. The objective of this research is to further the research by understanding the effect that different compositions of wood and fiberglass have on the properties of these panels. Through testing, it was found that the addition of balsa wood increases the modulus of rupture (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity (MOE). The internal bonding (IB) strength values are well above that of typical particle board. All panels tested were visibly more resistant to water sorption than typical particle board. The thermal conductivity for all samples was within the typical range for particleboard. Fire test result indicates that the addition of balsa wood increases the heat and visible smoke release rate of composites.
People with disability and access to financial services: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Peprah James Atta , Avorkpo Eric Atsu , Kulu Evans
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of disability on access to financial services in Ghana. Data for the study is obtained from the seventh wave of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 7). We use instrumental variable (IV) regression approach to examine the effect of disability on the use of formal financial institutions and mobile money. We find that being disabled reduces the likelihood of having access and using any of the financial institutions or having at least a product/service with a bank. Further, our results show that while people with disability are less likely to use commercial bank (6.3%), rural bank (4.8%) and at least one financial service (6.3%), they are 53.7% more likely to use mobile money. Collaborative actions are needed to raise awareness on both mobile money and other Fintech solutions, and accessibility functions that can support the inclusion of persons with disabilities into the financial system. JEL Codes: G21, I12, J71
Birth Weight and Associated Factors among Host and Refugee Neonates at Health Facilities in Gambella Region: A facility based Comparative Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Nhial Bang Chuol , Wedajo Shambel , Tadesse Sisay Eshete
Published: July 2022

Background
Birth weight remains as one of the facing factors and one of the leading causes of child suffering worldwide. This is a major problem especially in low and middle income countries and most importantly in vulnerable populations like refugee. However, there is a limited evident as yet in the study area.
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the birth weight and associated factors among host and refugee neonates at health facilities in Gambella Region.
Methods
A facility based comparative cross-sectional study was applied in host and refugee settings. A total of five hundred ninety six neonates were included in this study from February 1st, 2020 to March 31st, 2020 through multi-stages sampling technique. The data were collected using structured interview and documents review methods with structured questionnaires as instruments. Pretesting of the tool and training of data collectors and field supervision were made. Using statistical package for social science version 25, variables with p ≤ 0.05 from multiple linear regression analysis were declared as factors significantly associated with the birth weight. Furthermore, independent samples t-test was computed to compare the mean birth weights.
Results
The study resulted in 100% response rate. The mean birth weights were found to be significantly difference between host and refugee neonates with means of 3282.55 ± 415.97 grams and 3109.40 ± 635.10 grams respectively (m1-m2 = 173.15, 95% CI: (86.75, 259.56)). Several factors such as number of fetuses (β = -148.35, 95% CI: (-234.86, -61.83)), gestational age at delivery (β = 90.83, 95% CI: (66.72, 114.93)), household food security status (β = 166.33, 95% CI: (100.68, 231.97)), individual dietary diversity score (β = 88.75, 95% CI: (68.69, 108.81)) and pregnancy induced hypertension (β = -148.35, 95% CI: (-234.86, -61.83)) were found to be the most influential factors significantly associated with the birth weight.
Conclusions
In the study area, host neonates have larger mean birth weight than the refugee neonates. Number of fetuses, gestational age at delivery, household food security, individual dietary diversity score and pregnancy induced hypertension were factors influencing the birth weight.
Hazardous toner waste recycling with galvanic glass waste and spent foundry sand to produce sustainable ceramics
Authors: Mymrin Vsevolod , Ribas Hélverton , Pedroso Daniela E. , Klitzke Walderson , Rolim Paulo H. B. , Pedroso Cleber L. , Avanci Monica A. , Goncalves Alexandre J. , Passig Karina Q. C. , Catai Rodrigo E.
Published: July 2022

Several sustainable ceramic composites were prepared from 3 – 7 wt.% of hazardous toner waste, 0 – 42% of spent foundry sand, 0 – 25% of galvanic glass waste, and 30 – 93% kaolin clay. Developed composites were sintered at 1100°, 1150°, 1200°, 1250°, and 1275°C. The ceramics’ flexural resistance values reached up to 12.29 MPa, linear shrinkage varied between 2.99 and 11.20 %, and water absorption – between 19.90 and 10.85%. The investigation of the ceramics structure formation processes using the X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, SEM, EDS AAS, and lased micro-mass analyze methods showed the synthesis of glassy structures with the inclusion of mullite and cristobalite crystalline structures. The analysis of the chemical composition of the gases emitted during ceramics firing at 1,275°C by the atomic absorption spectroscopy method, as well as the analyses of solubility and leaching of metals from ceramics, showed that the developed composites and technology were in full compliance with Brazilian sanitary standards. The results of the conducted research allow to decrease environment pollution by using hazardous industrial toner waste, galvanic glass waste and spent foundry sand as valuable raw materials to produce sustainable ceramics with high values of mechanical, physical and chemical properties.
Changes of timing and duration of the near-surface soil freeze/thaw cycles on the Tibetan Plateau in the highly wetting period from 1998 to 2005
Authors: Fang Xuewei , Chen Yihui , Cheng Chen , Fraedrich Klaus , Lyu Shihua
Published: July 2022

A dual cooling and warming effect of precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on permafrost has been reported recently through numerical methods, but predictive relationships among summer rainfall in warm season, snow cover depth in cold season, and thermal regime of frozen ground still have not been well demonstrated, although it will become even more important as precipitation has been projected to increase continuously. Previous studies have confirmed the pivotal wetting period from 1998 to 2005 over the TP. In this study, the anomalies of first date, last date, duration, and actual number of days in the near-surface soil freeze from 1998–2005 were investigated across the TP based on the records of 58 meteorological stations. The results reveal that precipitation plays a primary role on thermal dynamics in arid and semi-arid zones, while in humid and semi-humid zones, the variations in thermal regimes are closely related to air temperature. Thermal response of frozen ground to wetting depends on different precipitation types, which varies seasonally. The combined effects of thinning snow cover depth and increasing rainfall across the TP inhibit the thermal response of permafrost in dry zones to climate warming, while air warming dominated the thermal degradation of seasonal frozen ground in wetter zones.
The Effectiveness of Intertemporal Water Restrictions: A Perspective from Consumer Strategy Model
Authors: Kong Xiangwen , Yue Chengyan , Watkins Eric , Barnes Mike , Lai Yufeng
Published: July 2022

Policy interventions on the water are commonly associated with restricting watering on specific days with a limited time window, yet very few existing studies focus on water conservation behavior in the context of the length of watering schedule intervals. People make decisions periodically, and their intertemporal time preferences may affect their decisions. In this study, we investigate the impact of the watering schedule interval on water use both theoretically and empirically. First, we incorporate intertemporal time preferences and subjective distortion of objective probabilities into a theoretical model that simulates the watering decision-making process. Our theoretical model shows that homeowners are more likely to postpone their irrigation as they become more impatient if the expected cost of having an over-watered lawn is relatively low. Second, we empirically test to which extent people’s water conservation behavior changes as the duration of water restrictions increase. We examine three types of watering schedules, i.e., odd-even day watering restriction, restricted hours watering, and voluntary watering restriction. The results show that longer watering schedule intervals increase irrigation frequency and even more water consumption. Yet, we also found that for people who prefer an immediate reward instead of a more valuable reward in the future, shortening the watering schedule intervals may be effective in reducing their irrigation frequency and promoting water conservation.JEL: D12, D15, Q31, Q50, R21
Promising drug Fondaparinux for the treatment of Covid-19: An in silico analysis of low molecular weight heparin, direct oral anticoagulant, and antiplatelet drug interactions with host protease furin
Authors: Bolelli Tugba Ertan , Bolelli Kayhan , Elci Sitki Doga , Apak Fatma Burcu Belen
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
As of July 2022, the Covid-19 pandemic has affected over 555 million worldwide confirmed cases and caused more than 6.3 million deaths. The studies showed that the D-dimer levels were increased in non-survivors compared to survivors and heparin treatment has begun to be administered to the patients in severe clinics. As we knew that the entrance of SARS-CoV2 to the host cell needs to be facilitated by host proteases; we published our hypothesis that heparin as a serine protease inhibitor may block the interaction between spike protein receptor-binding domain and host proteases.
Methods:
In this study, docking studies were carried out to evaluate the interactions between low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) (enoxaparin, dalteparin, tinzaparin) direct oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs with host proteases. Molecular docking studies were performed by using Schrödinger molecular modeling software. 3D structures of the ligands were obtained from the 2D structures by assigning the OPLS-2005 force field using the Maestro 12.7. The 3D crystal structure of the furin complexed with an inhibitor, 2,5-dideoksistreptamin derivative was extracted from the Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 5MIM). Docking studies were carried out using the Grid-based Ligand Docking with Energetics module of the Schrödinger Software.
Results:
The docking studies revealed that fondaparinux was the most relevant molecule to interact with furin. It showed better interaction than the natural ligand of furin with an increased score compared to the docking score of -8.155 of the natural ligand. AnaGA*IsA structure representing LMWH structure has shown a docking score of -11.562 which was also better than the score of the natural ligand of furin.
Conclusion:
Our findings have shown that LMWHs, and fondaparinux can be used for their anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects in Covid-19 patients. Clinical experience has shown that heparin and LMWH have effects of improving the prognosis of Covid-19 patients. A few studies have provided evidence of the safety and efficacy use of fondaparinux for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Our results have shown that in accordance with heparin and LMWH, fondaparinux can also be a candidate for ‘drug repurposing’ in Covid-19 therapy, not only because of their anticoagulant but also antiviral effects.
Weekend effect of summer temperature in Chongqing the Municipality of Western China
Authors: Bai Yingying , Li Yonghua , Zhang Yan
Published: July 2022

Human activities have obvious weekly cycle characteristics(so-called weekend effect), the impact of it on local or large-scale atmospheric circulation and climate, especially temperature. If it can be detected that meteorological elements have a weekly cycle, it can reflect the impact of human activities on climate. In the present study, the weekend effect of summer temperature in Chongqing༈the municipality of Western China༉for the period 1961–2021 was analyzed. Results showed that the weekly variation of summer temperature in Chongqing is mainly negative weekend effect༈i.e., lower temperature on weekends compared to weekdays༉. Taking 1997 as the boundary, the difference of weekend climate effect before and after warming was analyzed. This study indicated that there is spatial consistency in the weekend effect of summer temperature in Chongqing, and the intensity of weekend effect in most areas is significantly enhanced after warming. Urbanization, aerosols and other meteorological elements have been analyzed and discussed to explain the weekend effect of summer temperature in Chongqing, with the acceleration of regional warming and urbanization, the emission of aerosols in weekdays was more than that in the weekend. First, the role of aerosols in heating the atmosphere on weekdays was greater than that in the weekend; Second, the weakening of the atmosphere heated by aerosols leads to more clouds on weekend than on weekdays, and the solar radiation received by the ground decreases; Third, the frequency of precipitation on weekdays was less than that on weekend. The three factors were conducive to the temperature higher on weekdays than on weekend.
Regional and Temporal Variability of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall in relation to El Niño Southern Oscillation
Authors: Athira K S , Roxy Mathew Koll , Dasgupta Panini , Saranya J S , Singh Vineet Kumar , Attada Raju
Published: July 2022

The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) exhibits significant variability, affecting the food and water security of the densely populated Indian subcontinent. The two dominant spatial modes of ISMR variability are associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the strength of the semi-permanent monsoon trough and related variability in monsoon depressions, respectively. ENSO strongly influences the ISMR, but the temporal and regional variability of this teleconnection is not well understood. Our analysis shows that the teleconnection between ENSO and ISMR increased consistently between 1901 to 1940, from a moderate to substantially strong correlation, remained stable at a strong correlation during 1941 to 1980, and then decreased consistently again to a moderate correlation in the recent period, 1981 to 2020. We have also explored the regional variability based on the consistency in the ENSO–ISMR relationship. We identify three regions—namely north, central and south India, where the variability in ENSO–ISMR relationship is moderate, high and consistent —and investigate the mechanisms behind the varying teleconnections. The overall decrease in ISMR is related to warm SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific Ocean suggesting El Niño conditions. Meanwhile, the decrease of rainfall over the Indo-Gangetic Plains and an increase over the southern peninsula is associated with warm SST anomalies over the Indian Ocean. We find that the temporal changes in ENSO–ISMR relation in different regions of the country are due to the overlying influence of the monsoon trough and related variability in monsoon depressions.
Brain histone beta-hydroxy-butyrylation couples metabolism with gene expression
Authors: Cornuti Sara , Chen Siwei , Lupori Leonardo , Finamore Francesco , Samad Muntaha , Raimondi Francesco , Mazziotti Raffaele , Magnan Christophe , Rocchiccioli Silvia , Baldi Pierre , Tognini Paola
Published: July 2022

Little is known about the impact of metabolic stimuli on brain tissue at a molecular level. The ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) can be a signaling molecule regulating gene transcription. Thus, we assessed lysine beta-hydroxybutyrylation (K-bhb) levels in proteins extracted from the cerebral cortex of mice undergoing a ketogenic metabolic challenge (48 hrs fasting). We found that fasting enhanced K-bhb in a variety of proteins including histone H3. ChIP-seq experiments showed that K9 beta-hydroxybutyrylation of H3 (H3K9-bhb) was significantly enriched by fasting on more than 8000 DNA loci. Transcriptomic analysis showed that H3K9-bhb on enhancers and promoters correlated with active gene expression. One of the most enriched functional annotations both at the epigenetic and transcriptional level was “circadian rhythms''. Indeed, we found that the diurnal oscillation of specific transcripts was modulated by fasting at distinct zeitgebers both in the cortex and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Moreover, specific changes in locomotor activity daily features were observed during re-feeding after 48-hour fasting. Thus, our results suggest that fasting dramatically impinges on the cerebral cortex transcriptional and epigenetic landscape, and BHB acts as a powerful epigenetic molecule in the brain through direct and specific histone marks remodeling in neural tissue cells.
Prescriptions for insulin and insulin analogues in children with and without major congenital anomalies: A data linkage cohort study across six European regions
Authors: Given Joanne , Morris Joan K. , Garne Ester , Ballardini Elisa , Barrachina-Bonet Laia , Cavero-Carbonell Clara , Gissler Mika , Gorini Francesca , Heino Anna , Jordan Sue , Neville Amanda J. , Pierini Anna , Scanlon Ieuan , Tan Joachim , Urhoj Stine K. , Loane Maria
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Are children with major congenital anomalies more likely to develop type 1 diabetes, as indicated by prescriptions for insulin, than children without congenital anomalies? The aim of this study is to evaluate prescription rates of insulin/insulin analogues in children aged 0-9 years with and without major congenital anomalies.Methods: A EUROlinkCAT data linkage cohort study, involving six population-based congenital anomaly registries in five countries. Data on children with major congenital anomalies (60,662) and children without congenital anomalies (1,722,912), the reference group, were linked to prescription records. Birth cohort and gestational age were examined.Results: The mean follow-up for all children was 6.2 years. In children with congenital anomalies aged 0-3 years, 0.04 per 100 child-years (95% CIs 0.01-0.07) had >1 prescription for insulin/insulin analogues compared with 0.03 (95% CIs 0.01-0.06) in reference children, increasing ten-fold by age 8-9 years. The risk of >1 prescription for insulin/insulin analogues aged 0-9 years in children with non-chromosomal anomalies (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.84-1.00) was similar to that of reference children. However, children with chromosomal anomalies (RR 2.37, 95% CI 1.91-2.96), and specifically children with Down syndrome (RR 3.44, 95% CIs 2.70-4.37), Down syndrome with congenital heart defects (RR 3.86, 95% CIs 2.88-5.16) and Down syndrome without congenital heart defects (RR 2.78, 95% CIs 1.82-4.27), had a significantly increased risk of >1 prescription for insulin/insulin analogues aged 0-9 years compared to reference children. Female children had a reduced risk of >1 prescription aged 0-9 years compared with male children (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.90 for children with congenital anomalies and RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.93 for reference children). Children without congenital anomalies born preterm (<37 weeks) were more likely to have >1 insulin/insulin analogue prescription compared to term births (RR 1.28, 95% CIs 1.20-1.36). Conclusions: This is the first population-based study using a standardised methodology across multiple countries. Males, children without congenital anomalies born preterm and those with chromosomal anomalies had an increased risk of being prescribed insulin/insulin analogues. These results will help clinicians to identify which congenital anomalies are associated with an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes and allow them to reassure families of children who have non-chromosomal anomalies that their risk is similar to that of the general population.
Interdigitated distributed networks support convergent linguistic functioning across different languages in bilinguals
Authors: Geng Shujie , Guo Wanan , Rolls Edmund , Xu Kunyu , Jia Tianye , Zhou Wei , Blakemore Colin , Tan Li-Hai , Cao Miao , Feng Jianfeng
Published: July 2022

How bilingual brains accomplish the processing of more than one language has been widely investigated by neuroimaging studies. The assimilation-accommodation hypothesis holds that both the same brain neural networks supporting the native language and additional new neural networks are utilized to implement second language processing. However, whether and how this hypothesis applies at the finer-grained levels of both brain anatomical organization and linguistic functions remain unknown. To address this issue, we scanned Chinese-English bilinguals during an implicit reading task involving Chinese words, English words and Chinese pinyin. We observed broad brain cortical regions wherein interdigitated distributed neural populations supporting the same cognitive components of different languages. Although spatially separate, regions including the opercular and triangular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus, temporal pole, superior and middle temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus and supplementary motor areas were found to perform the same linguistic functions across languages, indicating regional-level functional assimilation supported by voxel-wise anatomical accommodation. Taken together, the findings not only verify the functional independence of neural representations of different languages, but show co-representation organization of both languages in most language regions, revealing linguistic-feature specific accommodation and assimilation between first and second languages.
Structural and functional landscape of α-synuclein fibril conformations amplified from cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Sokratian Arpine , Zhou Ye , Xu Enquan , Viverette Elizabeth , Dillard Lucas , Yuan Yuan , Li Joshua , Matarangas Ariana , Bouvette Jonathan , Borgnia Mario , Bartesaghi Alberto , West Andrew
Published: July 2022

Lewy body dementias are pathologically defined by the deposition of α-synuclein fibrils into inclusions throughout the brain. Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) in disease harbors circulating α-synuclein-fibril seeds, and parental α-synuclein fibrils can template core structure into amplified fibrils. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we identify six novel α-synuclein fibril assemblies amplified from ten CSF samples (3.8Å to 2.9Å nominal resolutions). Fibrils are classified based on two types of filament interaction, two types of β-sheet stacking, and two types of hydrophobic pocket. CSF-amplified fibril products have one, two, or three distinct assemblies each. Six of ten samples share a common fibril assembly. Within this classification, the fibrils have distinct profiles in amyloid dye binding, and dramatically different potencies in both seeding new inclusions in neurons and evoked microglial pro-inflammatory responses. However, no single structural feature predicts functional phenotypes. Our results highlight CSF as a valuable resource to identify novel α-synuclein assemblies potentially important in disease.
Analytic Approach of Predicting Employee Attrition Using Data Science Techniques
Authors: R Vinston Raja , Doss Srinath , k Ashok Kumar
Published: July 2022

Employee turnover has turn out to be a large venture for data technological know-how companies. The departure of key software program builders would possibly reason large loss an IT business enterprise in view that they additionally leave with essential commercial enterprise understanding and integral technical skills. It is fundamental for IT companies to apprehend developer turnover in order to keep certified builders and reduce injury due to developer exit. In this research, monthly self-report of the software developers includes developer’s activities, working hours, no of projects they have been assigned etc. will been taken into account for analysis for doing the prediction with the help of data science algorithm. By the usage of NB algorithm, KNN algorithm and SVM algorithm, prediction mannequin has been in contrast on the experimental groundwork and supply the end result of which algorithm is performing better. Then, this fantastic mannequin will be given to HR managers to predict whether or not the worker will depart the corporation or not.