bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A distribution‐free procedure for testing versatile alternative in medical multisample comparison studies
Authors: Mukherjee Amitava , Kössler Wolfgang , Marozzi Marco
Published: April 2022

We propose a test for multisample comparison studies that can be applied without strict assumptions, especially when the underlying population distributions are far from normal. The new test can detect differences not only in location or scale but also in shape parameters among parent population distributions. We are motivated by numerous medical studies, where the variables are not normally distributed and may present in the various groups more complex differences than simple differences in a particular aspect of underlying distributions, such as location or scale. In these situations, traditional ANOVA and Kruskal‐Wallis tests are unreliable since the underlying assumptions are not valid. The proposed procedure also allows the researcher to determine which aspects are more responsible for a significant result. This is an important practical advantage over procedures that test for general differences among the distribution functions but cannot identify which aspects lead to significant results. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is analyzed along with its small sample behavior against several competing tests. The practical advantages of the proposed procedure are illustrated with a multisample comparison study of a biomarker for liver damage in patients with hepatitis C.
The Corrected Values of ΔrHo(CaHbOd, a≤16) of Atomization of the Aromatic Compounds and Their Uncertainties Determined Using Several Quantum Mechanical Approaches
Authors: Poskrebyshev Gregory A.
Published: April 2022

The empirical linear scaling dependencies between the literature (ΔrHo(Xn,TAB)) and the calculated (ΔrHo((Xn)i,CALC)) values of atomization of 31 reference aromatic and related compounds (T=298.15 K), as well as their standard errors ((SE4)i≅(σ4)i, Stand.Dev.), are determined for the different quantum mechanical (QMi) approaches. These dependencies are compared and used for the determination of the values of ΔrHo((Xn)i,CORRE)±3(SE4)i of atomization reactions of considered not reference aromatic compounds, as well as for the determination of their values of ΔfHo((Xn)i,CORRE)±3(SE4)i. The values of ΔfHo((Xn)i,CORRE)MEAN±3SEYE (≥99.4 % confidence interval), determined using the intersections of the 3(SE4)i intervals, are consistent with all QMi approaches and their literature values. The M06‐2X/6–311++G(d,p), M08HX/6–311++G(d,p) and wB97XD/6–311++G(d,p) approaches are recommended for the achievement of accuracy (SEYE)≤3.8 kJ/mol of the calculated values of ΔfHo((Xn)i,CORRE)MEAN. The effects of the number of O−H groups, size and multiplicity of compounds on values of error, also studied in this work, demonstrate the limitations of using of several scaled dependencies.
Improved Pyrolysis Performance of a Cyclic Phosphate‐Melamine Intumescent Fire‐Retardant Coating System Using Ceria as an Additive
Authors: Wang Linyuan , Zhu Jiajie , Deng Hongbo , Lyu Ruiqi , Wei Yue , Lan Xubin
Published: April 2022

In this study, cyclic phosphate ester (PEA)‐melamine (MEL) epoxy fire‐retardant coatings were prepared using ceria (CeO2) as an additive. In addition, the effect of ceria on the fireproof performance of the fire‐retardant coatings was analyzed. PEA was prepared and characterized as a flame retardant and a hardener in the system. PEA was mixed with epoxy resin and ceria to produce the coatings, which were then characterized in terms of thermal stability, flame‐retardant performance, and smoke suppression property. Results showed that ceria can significantly improve the fire resistance of the coatings. Compared with the coating without ceria, the coating with 6 % ceria had 56 % lower peak of heat release rate and 61 % lower peak smoke production rate. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the addition of ceria improved the thermal stability of the coatings and increased the weight of the residual char to 43.5 %. The internal condition of the foam structure of the expanded residual char was studied using scanning electron microscope. The infrared spectrum of the residual char indicated that the introduction of ceria effectively promoted the formation of cross‐linked structures.
Preparation of β‐hydroxy Ketones via High Efficient Aldol Reaction over Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles as a Powerful and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst: Central Composite Design
Authors: Hashemzadeh Elma , Tadayon Fariba , Alahyari Mozhgan
Published: April 2022

Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) as a new catalyst were fabricated via the sol‐gel method. The characterization of the synthesized nanocatalyst was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. Its catalytic efficiency was evaluated in the aldol condensation reaction using an environmentally‐friendly procedure. Among various solvents, including dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), and water, the highest yield (82 %) was related to the water with room temperature, the reaction time of 5 h, and amount catalyst of 30 mmol. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the experimental factors of aldol reaction, as well as the investigation of interaction between the parameters. The results revealed that the temperature of 25 °C and a catalyst amount of 30 mmol had high performance (73.93 %). The preparation of catalyst was accomplished using inexpensive and easily available materials. The synthesized NPs were found to be an efficient and reusable catalyst for the aldol reaction.
The Factors Dictating Properties of Atomically Precise Metal Nanocluster Electrocatalysts
Authors: Yan Hao , Xiang Huixin , Liu Jiaohu , Cheng Ranran , Ye Yongqi , Han Yunhu , Yao Chuanhao
Published: April 2022

Metal nanoparticles occupy an important position in electrocatalysis. Unfortunately, by using conventional synthetic methodology, it is a great challenge to realize the monodisperse composition/structure of metal nanoparticles at the atomic level, and to establish correlations between the catalytic properties and the structure of individual catalyst particles. For the study of well‐defined nanocatalysts, great advances have been made for the successful synthesis of nanoparticles with atomic precision, notably ligand‐passivated metal nanoclusters. Such well‐defined metal nanoclusters have become a type of model catalyst and have shown great potential in catalysis research. In this review, the authors summarize the advances in the utilization of atomically precise metal nanoclusters for electrocatalysis. In particular, the factors (e.g., size, metal doping/alloying, ligand engineering, support materials as well as charge state of clusters) affecting selectivity and activity of catalysts are highlighted. The authors aim to provide insightful guidelines for the rational design of electrocatalysts with high performance and perspectives on potential challenges and opportunities in this emerging field.
Google Translate and Biliterate Composing: Second‐Graders' Use of Digital Translation Tools to Support Bilingual Writing
Authors: Rowe Lindsey W.
Published: April 2022

Research is needed exploring how teachers and students in English‐medium schools transform classrooms to welcome and value bilingualism and biliteracy. This article draws on social literacies and placed resources perspectives to explore how one classroom of second‐grade students used Google Translate as a tool to support their biliterate composing. Constant comparative analyses revealed three patterns related to students' use of this tool. Students used Google Translate to support their inclusion of bilingual text and to interact with peers. They also negotiated limitations around the use of Google Translate. Examples of each pattern are used to illustrate how students interactionally engaged with this tool, using it to position themselves as bilingual authors and language learners, and grappling with material and ideological baggage (e.g., standardized language ideologies) the tool brought to the classroom. Implications for educators working in similar contexts are discussed, including how the use of digital translation tools can foster students' bilingual writing by offering in‐the‐moment spelling and vocabulary support. Further discussion includes how the use of Google Translate might contribute to shifting monoglossic classroom ideologies towards ones that value multilingualism.
Sesamol protects against aluminum oxide nanoparticles‐induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA damage
Authors: El‐Borai Nermeen B. , Elkhadrawey Basma A. , AbuBakr Huda O. , Anis Anis , El‐Bialy Badr E. , Elsabbagh Hesham S. , Abou‐Zeid Shimaa M.
Published: April 2022

Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3‐NPs) are exceedingly used in various industrial and commercial applications, providing growing concerns about their potential adverse impacts on animals and human health. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the potential protective effect of sesamol (SML) against the induced hepatorenal toxicity of Al2O3‐NPs. Forty male rats were randomly assigned into four groups and treated orally for 28 consecutive days. Control group received distilled water. SML group received SML (100 mg/kg bw). Al2O3‐NPs group received Al2O3‐NPs (100 mg/kg bw). SML + Al2O3‐NPs group received SML 2 h prior to Al2O3‐NPs. The results revealed that Al2O3‐NPs significantly increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and serum urea and creatinine levels. Moreover, Al2O3‐NPs induced a significant elevation in malondialdehyde level with significant reduction in reduced glutathione content and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, together with a marked increase of 8‐hydroxy‐2‐desoxyguanosine level in the hepatic and renal tissues. Also, up‐regulations of glutathione‐S‐transferase, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and caspase‐3 mRNA gene expressions were recorded in the liver and kidneys. Additionally, Al2O3‐NPs induced multifocal areas of necrosis in hepatic parenchyma with glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and glomerular sclerosis in kidney tissues. Conversely, concomitant treatment with sesamol mitigated Al2O3‐induced hepatorenal toxicity evidenced by improvement of liver and kidney functions that correlated with regulation of oxidant/antioxidant status, inflammatory, and apoptotic biomarkers and reduction of DNA and tissues damages. In conclusion, sesamol could exert a promising protective role against hepatorenal toxicity of Al2O3‐NPs, possibly via its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic properties.
Molecular Precursors to Group IV Dichalcogenides MS2 (M=Ti, Zr, Hf)
Authors: Brune Veronika , Hegemann Corinna , Wilhelm Michael , Ates Nursima , Mathur Sanjay
Published: April 2022

New chemical routes to synthesize layered 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are highly desired. We report here a new class of molecular precursors of general formula [MIV(SC2H4N(Me)C2H4S)2] (MIV=Ti, Zr, Hf) that offers a reliable synthetic access to 2D TMDC materials as demonstrated in the representative case of TiS2 synthesis. The complexation of the TM centers by the chelating tridentate ligand (HSC2H4)2NMe produced stable monomeric complexes, [Ti(SC2H4N(Me)C2H4S)2], [Zr(SC2H4N(Me)C2H4S)2] and [Hf(SC2H4N(Me)C2H4S)2], displaying a distorted octahedral environment around metal centers formed by four S and two N donor atoms of the ligand moiety. The characterization of molecular precursors by NMR, single‐crystal diffraction analysis, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis confirmed the presence of metal‐sulfur bonds that are crucial in facilitating the formation of MS2 phases. Thermal decomposition behaviour of the three molecular compounds was investigated by TG‐DCS measurements that confirmed their decomposition into solid phases. Interestingly, the preorganized M−S bonds in the precursor molecules also influenced the formation of titanium disulfide thin films by chemical vapor phase deposition. The solid thin films of TiS2 were characterized by X‐ray spectroscopy analysis and atomic scale imaging. The complexes presented in this work represent a promising chemistry driven approach towards reproducible and scalable synthesis of van der Waals 2D heterostructures.
Friedrich Jodl (1849–1914) – ein Vorausgänger des Wiener Kreises
Authors: Belke Ingrid
Published: April 2022

Friedrich Jodl war – nach seinem relativ frühen Tod 1914 – schon Ende der 1920er-Jahre fast vergessen, obwohl seine Frau, Margarete Jodl, mit einer Biographie und Freunde und Schüler mit der Edition seiner Werke dafür sorgten, dass er in Erinnerung bleibe. Mit seinem mutigen

Auftreten gegen den Klerikalismus in Österreich, mit seinen Veröffentlichungen, die ihn als engagierten Verfechter der Aufklärung und Anhänger von Ludwig Feuerbach ausweisen, galt er schon zu Lebzeiten als „unbequem“. In fast allen größeren Darstellungen des Wiener Kreises wird Jodl als engagiertes Mitglied der Wiener Reformbewegung wenigstens genannt – im Unterschied zu dem Physiker und Philosophen Ernst Mach, dessen Leben und Werk bis heute in vielen Monographien, Aufsätzen und Ausstellungen gewürdigt wird. Ich möchte deshalb in diesem Beitrag Friedrich Jodl in einigen Schwerpunkten vorstellen.
W + charm production with massive c quarks in PowHel
Authors: Bevilacqua G. , Garzelli M. V. , Kardos A. , Toth L.
Published: April 2022

Abstract

The hadroproduction of a W boson in association with a charm quark at the Large Hadron Collider is at the centre of current investigations due to its potential to probe the strangeness content of the proton. In this paper we present an implementation of the W + c production process in the PowHel event generator matched to the PYTHIA8 parton shower approach, allowing to obtain predictions for differential cross-sections with NLO QCD accuracy matched to the accuracy of the Shower Monte Carlo event generator. Effects of non-diagonal CKM matrix elements, finite charm quark mass and off-shell W decays including spin correlations are taken into account. We investigate the production of a leptonically decaying W boson in association with either a charmed meson (W± + D∗∓) or a charmed jet (W± + jc) and compare our predictions with particle-level measurements by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 7 and 13 TeV. The role of the so-called “opposite sign” and “same sign” contributions to the theoretical cross-sections is presented and discussed, pointing out the importance of including parton shower effects for a reliable estimate of the latter and a faithful comparison with experimental data.
Long-lived sterile neutrinos at Belle II in effective field theory
Authors: Zhou Guanghui , Günther Julian Y. , Wang Zeren Simon , de Vries Jordy , Dreiner Herbi K.
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Large numbers of τ leptons are produced at Belle II. These could potentially decay into sterile neutrinos that, for the mass range under consideration, are typically long-lived, leading to displaced-vertex signatures. Here, we study a displaced-vertex search in the context of the sterile-neutrino-extended Standard Model Effective Field Theory. The production and decay of the sterile neutrinos can be realized via either the standard active-sterile neutrino mixing or higher-dimensional operators in the effective Lagrangian. We perform Monte-Carlo simulations to estimate the Belle II sensitivities to such interactions. We find that Belle II can probe non-renormalizable dimension-six operators involving a single sterile neutrino up to a few TeV in the new-physics scale.
Spezifika der Lehre in der Gefäßchirurgie im interdisziplinär-chirurgischen Setting
Authors: Barth Udo , Meyer Frank , Halloul Zuhir
Published: April 2022

Ziel

Es sollen die komplexen Veränderungen in der gefäßchirurgischen Lehre, Gemeinsamkeiten/Unterschiede zur Allgemeinchirurgie, Spezifika der Lehre/Lehrinhalte sowie deren universitäre Voraussetzungen umrissen werden.

Methode

Kompakte narrative Kurzübersicht.

Ergebnisse

Der gefäßchirurgische Anteil an den chirurgischen Vorlesungen im Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A.ö.R. umfasst 10 akademische Lehrstunden und beinhaltet die Themen: pAVK, Embolie/Thrombose, Gefäßverletzung, Kompartmentsyndrom, Mesenterialischämie, Aorten‑/Aneurysma- und venöse Chirurgie. Damit liegt die hiesige gefäßchirurgische Lehre deutlich über dem Durchschnitt von 6,1 akademischen Lehrstunden in Deutschland. Die Stärke der (gefäß‑)chirurgischen Ausbildung liegt insbesondere darin, dass der Erkenntnisgewinn am Krankenbett anschließend im Operationssaal insbesondere an visuelle Eindrücke mit simultaner Erklärung gekoppelt werden kann. Eine enge Einbindung der/s Studierenden ins Team ist die hohe Kunst, um die Akzeptanz der (Gefäß‑)Chirurgie als Beruf und Berufung zu fördern. Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Lehre ist ein didaktisch kompetenter Lehrender mit fachlicher Expertise, proaktiver Lehreinstellung, Kenntnissen der speziellen Lernziele, des Curriculums, modernen Lehrmethoden und Bewusstsein für die besondere Vorbildfunktion für Studierende. Die berechtigte und zu stärkende klassische Lehre mittels Vorlesung, Seminar, Praktikum und Lehrbuch wird zunehmend durch Nutzung von internetbasierten Lernplattformen, Bibliotheken und Videoportalen ergänzt.

Die gefäßchirurgische Lehre wird sich in den nächsten Jahren multimodal/-medial mit mehr praxisorientierten Anteilen und intensiver Integration der Studierenden in den Klinikalltag verlagern (müssen).
Electrical resistance characteristics of thermally modified wood
Authors: van Blokland Joran , Adamopoulos Stergios
Published: April 2022

This paper presents electrical resistance characteristics of ThermoWood® Thermo-D Norway spruce for wood moisture content measurements below fibre saturation point. Electrical resistance along the grain of small clear wood specimens was measured at various moisture content levels of ~ 4–15% for thermally modified and ~ 5–25% for unmodified spruce. The results show that—similar to unmodified wood—the relationship between wood moisture content and electrical resistance can be well described by a first order polynomial function obtained from simple linear regression. This provides accurate resistance-based predictions of thermally modified wood moisture content. In addition, established temperature corrections derived previously from unmodified wood seem applicable to thermally modified wood.
A DFT study of the tautomerism of 1H-benzo[de]cinnolines and their protonated forms
Authors: Elguero José , Alkorta Ibon
Published: April 2022

1H-Benzo[de]cinnolines and 1H-indeno[6,7,1-def]cinnolines have been studied theoretically at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level in the gas-phase and in water solution (PCM model); gas-phase geometries were used to calculate absolute shieldings (GIAO) that were transformed into chemical shifts using empirical equations. The annular tautomerism of neutral species and of protonated cations have been determined, and the most stable cations coincide with those determined experimentally.
A large-scale comparison of reproduction and recruitment of the stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes across Europe
Authors: Aguión Alba , Cruz Teresa , Acuña José Luis , Broudin Caroline , Castro João J. , Davoult Dominique , Dubert Jesus , Fernandes Joana N. , Geiger Katja J. , Jacinto David , Mateus David , Muñiz Carlota , Nolasco Rita , Perrier Lucile , Queiroga Henrique , Román Salvador , Silva Teresa , Thiébaut Eric , Vázquez Elsa , Macho Gonzalo
Published: April 2022

Understanding large-scale spatial and temporal patterns of marine populations is a central goal in ecology, which has received renewed attention under climate change. However, few studies explore the large-scale dynamics of populations using standardized protocols and during the same time frames. We studied the phenology and intensity of reproduction and recruitment for the intertidal stalked barnaclePollicipes pollicipesover an European scale and described their potential linkages with environmental variables. This species supports profitable fisheries in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). In Brittany (France), we had observed a significant lower reproductive effort (long non-breeding season, short breeding period in summer) and low values of recruitment intensity. This pattern may be related to the fact that Brittany corresponds to the northern limit of the distribution of this species in continental Europe. On the Iberian Peninsula, the most different region was Galicia (Spain), with Asturias (Spain) and SW Portugal being more similar. In Galicia, we have observed a contradictory pattern characterized by the absence of a non-breeding period and by a shorter recruitment season than observed in other Iberian regions. Our results suggest that air temperature, SST and chlorophyll-a might be related to the variability in reproduction and recruitment patterns ofP. pollicipes. Moreover, spring and early summer upwelling in SW Portugal and Galicia might be inhibiting recruitment in this period. At the northern limit, the expected increase in performance under climate change might facilitate the recovery of populations after exploitation, increasing the resilience of the resource to fishing pressure.
Tissue-resident memory T cells in the kidney
Authors: Asada Nariaki , Ginsberg Pauline , Gagliani Nicola , Mittrücker Hans-Willi , Panzer Ulf
Published: April 2022

The identification of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMcells) has significantly improved our understanding of immunity. In the last decade, studies have demonstrated that TRMcells are induced after an acute T-cell response, remain in peripheral organs for several years, and contribute to both an efficient host defense and autoimmune disease. TRMcells are found in the kidneys of healthy individuals and patients with various kidney diseases. A better understanding of these cells and their therapeutic targeting might provide new treatment options for infections, autoimmune diseases, graft rejection, and cancer. In this review, we address the definition, phenotype, and developmental mechanisms of TRMcells. Then, we further discuss the current understanding of TRMcells in kidney diseases, such as infection, autoimmune disease, cancer, and graft rejection after transplantation.
Association of pulmonary vein isolation and major cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Girod Marc , Coslovsky Michael , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Sticherling Christian , Reichlin Tobias , Roten Laurent , Rodondi Nicolas , Ammann Peter , Auricchio Angelo , Moschovitis Giorgio , Kobza Richard , Badertscher Patrick , Knecht Sven , Krisai Philipp , Marugg Andrea , Aebersold Helena , Hennings Elisa , Serra-Burriel Miquel , Schwenkglenks Matthias , Zuern Christine S. , Bonati Leo H , Conen David , Osswald Stefan , Kühne Michael
Published: April 2022

Background

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) face an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence suggests that early rhythm control including AF ablation may reduce this risk.

Methods

To compare the risks for cardiovascular events in AF patients with and without pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), we analysed data from two prospective cohort studies in Switzerland (n = 3968). A total of 325 patients who had undergone PVI during a 1-year observational period were assigned to the PVI group. Using coarsened exact matching, 2193 patients were assigned to the non-PVI group. Outcomes were all-cause mortality, hospital admission for acute heart failure, a composite of stroke, transient ischemic attack and systemic embolism (Stroke/TIA/SE), myocardial infarction (MI), and bleedings. We calculated multivariable adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models.

Results

Overall, 2518 patients were included, median age was 66 years [IQR 61.0, 71.0], 25.8% were female. After a median follow-up time of 3.9 years, fewer patients in the PVI group died from any cause (incidence per 100 patient-years 0.64 versus 1.87, HR 0.39, 95%CI 0.19–0.79, p = 0.009) or were admitted to hospital for acute heart failure (incidence per 100 patient-years 0.52 versus 1.72, HR 0.44, 95%CI 0.21–0.95, p = 0.035). There was no significant association between PVI and Stroke/TIA/SE (HR 0.94, 95%CI 0.52–1.69, p = 0.80), MI (HR 0.43, 95%CI 0.11–1.63, p = 0.20) or bleeding (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.50–1.12, p = 0.20).

Conclusions

In our matched comparison, patients in the PVI group had a lower incidence rate of all-cause mortality and hospital admission for acute heart failure compared to the non-PVI group.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier

NCT02105844, April 7th 2014.

Graphical abstract
Real-world outcomes of teriflunomide in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yao , Yin Hexiang , Zhang Dingding , Xu Yan , Peng Bin , Cui Liying
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To explore efficacy, risk factors, safety, and persistence of teriflunomide in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) cohort.

Methods

This prospective, observational cohort study included 217 consecutive teriflunomide treated RRMS patients, 192 of which with at least 3-month persistence on teriflunomide were included in effectiveness and risk factor analyses. Multivariate Cox proportional regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with failure of no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) 3.

Results

At baseline 82% patients were treatment naïve while 18.0% interferon-β1b treated patients had stopped treatments for more than 1 year. After treatment, 79.0% patients achieved NEDA 3 at 12-month, mean annualized relapse rate (ARR) reduced significantly (0.79 ± 0.80 vs 0.16 ± 0.70; P < 0.001), and mean expanded disability status score (EDSS) remained stable (1.40 ± 1.67 vs 1.56 ± 1.88; P > 0.05). Male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 1.856; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.118–3.082, P < 0.05), baseline EDSS score ≥ 4 (HR 2.682; 95% CI 1.375–5.231, P < 0.01), and frequent relapses before treatment (HR 3.056; 95% CI 1.737–5.377, P < 0.01) were independent factors significantly associated with failure of NEDA 3. The most frequent adverse events (AEs) were hair thinning, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation, and leukopenia, the latter two most commonly lead to teriflunomide discontinuation during the first 3 months. Persistence rates at 6, 12, and 24 months after teriflunomide initiation were 86.9%, 72.4%, and 52.8%, respectively.

Conclusions

Our results support efficacy and tolerability of teriflunomide for treatment-naïve RRMS patients in real-world practice. Female patients, patients with less relapses and less disability before treatment are most likely to benefit from teriflunomide treatment.
Acute phase of Kawasaki disease: a review of national guideline recommendations
Authors: Scherler Laura , Haas Nikolaus A. , Tengler Anja , Pattathu Joseph , Mandilaras Guido , Jakob André
Published: April 2022

Key aspects of the medical management of Kawasaki disease (KD) are not yet supported by a high evidence level, thus making room for individual recommendations. We performed a structured comparison of existing international KD guidelines to analyze potential differences in the implementation of evidence-based KD recommendations regarding diagnosis and therapy. To identify country-specific guidelines, we took a multilateral approach including a comprehensive PubMed literature, online research, and directly contacting national pediatric associations. We then ran a structured guidelines’ analysis and evaluated the diagnostic and therapeutic differences in the context of evidence-based medicine. In this structured guideline analysis, we identified nine national and one European guidelines. According to them all, the diagnosis of KD still relies on its clinical presentation with no reliable biomarker recommended. First-line treatment consistently involves only intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. Recommendations in terms of acetylsalicylic acid, corticosteroids, and additional therapeutic options vary considerably.

Conclusion: According to all guidelines, KD is diagnosed clinically with some variance in defining incomplete KD and being a non-responder to treatment. First-line treatment consistently includes IVIG. Recommendations for additional therapeutic strategies are more heterogeneous.

What is Known:• The diagnosis of KD relies on the clinical presentation, entailing challenges in timely diagnosis.• Other treatment options then IVIG are not supported by a high evidence level, making room for individual recommendations.

What is New:• Definition of incomplete KD and being non-responsive to an initial treatment vary to some extent between the national guidelines.• Only IVIG is consistently proposed throughout all guidelines, further therapeutic recommendations vary between the national recommendations.
Erinnertes elterliches Erziehungsverhalten und psychische Erkrankung – zur Bedeutung der Erste-Person-Perspektive
Authors: Steinmair Dagmar , Schwigon Dieter , Masic Namik , Löffler-Stastka Henriette
Published: April 2022

Ein Einflussfaktor auf psychische Gesundheit im Erwachsenenalter ist die Erfahrung in Beziehungen im Kindesalter, wobei es vor allem auf die erlebte Wirklichkeit ankommt. Nicht immer ist aber der Zusammenhang so eindeutig wie im Falle einer frühen Traumatisierung, wie sie in der Fallvignette dieses Artikels dargestellt wird. Die um die subjektiven Erlebensqualitäten erweiterte, multifaktorielle Genese psychischer Störung öffnet Forschungsfragen.
Validation of a short Italian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-15) in non-clinical subjects: psychometric properties and normative data
Authors: Maggi Gianpaolo , Altieri Manuela , Ilardi Ciro Rosario , Santangelo Gabriella
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) is a questionnaire employed to measure impulsivity, which is associated with risky behaviors and mental disorders. We aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the BIS in the Italian general population and provide normative data for clinical use.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional survey methodology was employed to collect data. Then, 534 participants of different ages and educational levels completed the BIS, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and S-UPPS-P. We designed an ad hoc data-driven outcome checklist to identify which items deserved to be retained. Furthermore, internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity, and factorial structure were evaluated. A regression-based procedure was used to explore the influence of demographic variables on the BIS score and to provide adjusting factors and a sensitive cutoff.

Results

Item analysis suggested removing 15 items. Consequently, we tested the psychometric properties of a shorter version of the BIS (BIS-15). IRT test information functions indicated an almost identical measurement precision of the BIS-15 as compared to the original BIS. The BIS-15 demonstrated reliable internal consistency and good convergent and divergent validity. The PCA revealed a four-factor solution: “pure impulsivity,” “planning and thinking,” “lack of attention and concentration,” and “impulsive buying.” A significant effect of sex and years of education was found. Norms for the adjustment of raw scores were provided (cutoff = 37.39).

Conclusions

The BIS-15 showed almost identical psychometric properties as compared with the original scale, reducing the administration time. Our norms may allow identifying individuals with impulsivity of clinical interest.
Comparison between a phenomenological approach and a morphoelasticity approach regarding the displacement of extracellular matrix
Authors: Peng Q. , Gorter W. S. , Vermolen F. J.
Published: April 2022

Plastic (permanent) deformations were earlier, modeled by a phenomenological model in Peng and Vermolen (Biomech Model Mechanobiol 19(6):2525–2551, 2020). In this manusctipt, we consider a more physics-based formulation that is based on morphoelasticity. We firstly introduce the morphoelasticity approach and investigate the impact of various input variables on the output parameters by sensitivity analysis. A comparison of both model formulations shows that both models give similar computational results. Furthermore, we carry out Monte Carlo simulations of the skin contraction model containing the morphoelasticity approach. Most statistical correlations from the two models are similar, however, the impact of the collagen density on the severeness of contraction is larger for the morphoelasticity model than for the phenomenological model.
How do carious root lesions develop after the end of professional preventive measures?—Preliminary findings of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kreher Deborah , Korn Viktoria , Meißner Thomas , Haak Rainer , Schmalz Gerhard , Ziebolz Dirk
Published: April 2022

Aim of this randomized clinical trial was to assess the development of root caries lesions with and without (adjuvant) professional prevention treatment over 24 months. 20 participants with two or three non-cavitated root carious lesions were included (n = 52), whereby lesions were randomly assigned to one out of three groups depending on varnish application (CF: Cervitec F [n = 20], P: placebo [n = 20], DP: Duraphate [n = 12]). All lesions were assessed by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF; QRayCam); following outcome parameters were analyzed: fluorescence loss (ΔF %), lesion volume (ΔQ %µm2) and bacterial activity (ΔR %). Professional tooth cleaning and adjuvant varnish application were performed at baseline, after 3, 6, and 9 months. A follow-up examination was performed 1 year after preventive care with varnish application 24 months after baseline. ∆F showed a significant time effect in CF (p = 0.03), which was not confirmed in post hoc analysis (p > 0.05). For P and DP, no time effect was detected (p > 0.05). ∆Q was significantly higher 12 months after baseline in CF (p = 0.02). In P, a significant time effect occurred (p = 0.01), without significant results in post hoc testing. ∆R showed higher values at baseline vs. 12 months in CF (p = 0.03) and 24 months compared to 12 months in DP (p = 0.02). Professional preventive treatment inhibited the progression of root caries lesions beyond their termination for 12 months, irrespective of an adjunctive varnish application. Preventive measures have a long-term effect on root carious lesions, even 1 year after their termination.
Impact of Phenolic Acid Derivatives on β-Lactoglobulin Stabilized Oil-Water-Interfaces
Authors: Bock Alina , Kieserling Helena , Rohn Sascha , Steinhäuser Ulrike , Drusch Stephan
Published: April 2022

The physical stability of protein-based emulsions depends on intra- and intermolecular interactions of the interfacial protein-film. As studied in aqueous systems before, phenolic acid derivatives (PADs) non-covalently or covalently crosslink proteins depending on pH-value and thus, may impact interfacial protein-films. Whether these interactions occur in the same manner at the interface as in water and how they vary the properties of the interfacial protein-film has not been clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the interfacial protein-film viscoelasticity and physical emulsion-stability after non-covalently (pH 6.0) and covalently (pH 9.0) crosslinking depending on PAD-structure. For this purpose, we studied an interfacial β-lactoglobulin film with dilatational rheology after crosslinking with PADs, varying in number of π-electrons and polar substituents. Then, we analyzed the physical emulsion-stability by visual evaluation and particle size distribution. The results indicate that PADs with a high number of π-electrons (rosmarinic acid and chicoric acid) weaken the protein-film due to competing of phenol-protein interactions with protein-protein interactions. This is reflected in a decrease in interfacial elasticity. PADs with an additional polar substituent (verbascoside and cynarine) seem to further weaken the protein film, since the affinity of the PADs to the interface increases, PADs preferentially adsorb and sterically hinder protein-protein interactions. In emulsions at pH 6.0 and thus low electrostatic repulsion, PADs promote bridging-flocculation. Due to higher electrostatic repulsion at pH 9.0, the PADs are sterically hindered to form bridges, even though they are polymeric. Hence, our research enables the control of protein-film viscoelasticity and emulsion-stability depending on the PAD-structure.

Graphical abstract
„It’s sunny, be happy!“ Ein internationaler Vergleich des Einflusses von Sonnenstunden und Breitengraden auf das Glücksempfinden
Authors: Jaworeck Sandra , Stemler Stefan , Kriwy Peter
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund

Licht ist die Quelle des Lebens. Dies gilt gleichermaßen für die Tier- und Pflanzenwelt sowie den Menschen. Im Hinblick auf unseren Alltag stellen soziale Interaktion, Produktivität oder das emotionale Befinden nur einen kleinen Ausschnitt der Aspekte dar, auf die das Licht einen positiven Einfluss hat.

Ziel der Studie

Der Zusammenhang zwischen Sonnenexposition und dem individuellen Glücksempfinden wird im internationalen Vergleich untersucht.

Material und Methoden

Für die Analyse wurden Daten der Sonnenscheindauer (Anzahl der Sonnenstunden) und der geografischen Lage der betrachteten Regionen (Breitengrade) vom Deutschen Wetterdienst manuell zu den Daten des International Social Survey Programme (2011) Health and Health Care ergänzt und eine multivariate lineare Mehrebenenanalyse durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Sonnenstunden haben einen positiven und statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf das Glücksempfinden. Interessant ist, dass Personen, die dem Einfluss wechselnder Jahreszeiten ausgesetzt sind, sich statistisch signifikant in gleichem Maße schlechter in ihrem Glücksempfinden einschätzen als Personen, die so nah am Äquator wohnen, dass sie keinen saisonbedingten Klimaveränderungen ausgesetzt sind.

Schlussfolgerung

Sonnenstunden wirken sich statistisch signifikant positiv auf das Glücksempfinden aus. Ein Mix an weiteren Einflüssen zur Steigerung des Glücksempfindens setzt sich zusammen aus Vertrauen in das nationale Gesundheitswesen, hoher Bildung, Rauchabstinenz, sportlicher Aktivität und Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung. Diese Mechanismen wirken sich im Durchschnitt in allen berücksichtigten Länderkontexten gleichermaßen positiv auf das Glücksempfinden der Menschen aus.
Wie offen sind strukturierte Promotionen wirklich?
Authors: Neumeyer Sebastian
Published: April 2022

In dieser Zeitschrift untersuchte Susanne de Vogel (2017) die Fragestellung, inwieweit sich soziale Ungleichheiten beim Zugang zu individuellen und strukturierten Promotionsformen unterscheiden. Anhand multinomialer Regressionen schätzt de Vogel Average Marginal Effects (AMEs) der Bildungsherkunft auf die Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten in die verschiedenen Promotionsformen und kommt zu dem Schluss, dass „die Bildungsherkunft beim Übergang in strukturierte Promotionsformen und Stipendienprogramme von geringerer Bedeutung [ist] als bei der Aufnahme einer Individualpromotion“ (de Vogel 2017, S. 463). Die vorliegende Replik illustriert, warum der Vergleich der AMEs bei deutlich variierenden Randhäufigkeiten der Übergänge irreführend ist. Als Alternative werden relative Ungleichheitsmaße herangezogen. Es wird vorgeschlagen, Prozentsatzdifferenzen und AMEs an den Randhäufigkeiten der Übergänge zu relativieren, um vergleichende Aussagen über die Repräsentation der Herkunftsgruppen in verschiedenen Promotionsalternativen treffen zu können. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Absolventen aus nichtakademischem Elternhaus in strukturierten Programmen tendenziell schwächer repräsentiert sind als in individuellen Promotionsformen, während Absolventen mit einem promovierten Elternteil in strukturierten Programmen stärker vertreten sind als in individuellen Promotionsformen. Des Weiteren werden die Konsequenzen der Wahl des Ungleichheitsmaßes für die Interpretation der Dekompositionsanalysen dargestellt. Der Beitrag schließt mit methodischen Empfehlungen für Vergleiche sozialer Ungleichheiten zwischen Übergangsalternativen.
Effect of Deformation Sequence and Coiling Conditions on Precipitation Strengthening in High Ti–Nb-Microalloyed Steels
Authors: Sesma L. G. , Lopez B. , Pereda B.
Published: April 2022

In this work, multipass torsion tests followed by coiling simulations under different conditions have been performed with a reference Nb (0.03 pct) and a high Ti (0.1 pct)–Nb-microalloyed (0.03 pct) steel. In the case of the high Ti steel, estimated yield strengths close to or over 700 MPa were obtained for some of the conditions researched. However, a very significant effect of previous austenite grain size and strain accumulation on precipitation strengthening has also been observed. As a result, depending on deformation sequence and final cooling conditions, the coiling simulation temperatures that lead to the highest mechanical strength varied from 600 °C to 500 °C. The effect of increasing strain accumulation was mainly related to higher phase transformation temperatures, which led to a lower driving force for precipitation and higher microalloying element diffusivity, resulting in the formation of less and coarser precipitates.
Material Failure Analysis of Three In-flight Wing Fractures of Wooden Aircraft
Authors: Lukowsky D. , Gohla A.
Published: April 2022

Wooden remains of a training acrobatic aircraft, a glider, and a single-seat tailless glider were investigated using visual inspection, microscopic techniques, infrared spectroscopy, mechanical testing, and heat flow thermography. The causes of the three in-flight wing fractures include deviations in wood quality, craftsmanship, and maintenance. During the investigations, several aspects of wood failure analysis were addressed: compression failure, fiber deviations, fatigue of wood, wood-discoloring fungi and wood-destroying fungi, the influence of iron salts, and the failure of bond lines. The article presents a brief overview of some techniques and approaches, presents knowledge gaps in wood failure analysis, and discusses differences in wood failure analysis as compared to the failure analysis of metals and plastics.
Zur Amalgamierung von Psychose, rassistischer Ideologie und Verschwörungsdenken beim Terrorakt von Hanau
Authors: Saß Henning
Published: April 2022

Vorgestellt wird eine posthume, aus der Biografie entwickelte Analyse des Motivationshintergrundes beim Attentäter von Hanau. Wesentliche Elemente sind ein primärer, in einer Liebesenttäuschung entstandener Verfolgungswahn, der später durch fremdenfeindlich-völkische Ideologien und Verschwörungsdenken ergänzt wurde. Auch hatte es misstrauische, streitgeneigte und egozentrische Persönlichkeitsauffälligkeiten schon seit der Jugend gegeben. Dagegen sind massiv ausgeprägte rassistische Elemente in den Jahren vor dem Attentat nicht ans Licht gekommen. Zur Gefährlichkeit der unerkannt und unbehandelt gebliebenen Erkrankung trug bei, dass die Persönlichkeit in ihrem Sichtbild nach außen bemerkenswert unauffällig blieb.
Linear Solvers for Reservoir Simulation Problems: An Overview and Recent Developments
Authors: Nardean Stefano , Ferronato Massimiliano , Abushaikha Ahmad
Published: April 2022

Linear solvers for reservoir simulation applications are the objective of this review. Specifically, we focus on techniques for Fully Implicit (FI) solution methods, in which the set of governing Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is properly discretized in time (usually by the Backward Euler scheme), and space, and tackled by assembling and linearizing a single system of equations to solve all the model unknowns simultaneously. Due to the usually large size of these systems arising from real-world models, iterative methods, specifically Krylov subspace solvers, have become conventional choices; nonetheless, their success largely revolves around the quality of the preconditioner that is supplied to accelerate their convergence. These two intertwined elements, i.e., the solver and the preconditioner, are the focus of our analysis, especially the latter, which is still the subject of extensive research. The progressive increase in reservoir model size and complexity, along with the introduction of additional physics to the classical flow problem, display the limits of existing solvers. Intensive usage of computational and memory resources are frequent drawbacks in practice, resulting in unpleasantly slow convergence rates. Developing efficient, robust, and scalable preconditioners, often relying on physics-based assumptions, is the way to avoid potential bottlenecks in the solving phase. In this work, we proceed in reviewing principles and state-of-the-art of such linear solution tools to summarize and discuss the main advances and research directions for reservoir simulation problems. We compare the available preconditioning options, showing the connections existing among the different approaches, and try to develop a general algebraic framework.
The Inner and the Outer Foreign Territory— A Qualitative Study Measuring Ambiguity Tolerance Within Young Muslims Living in Germany
Authors: Barth Lena , Kaiser Paul , Tuncel-Langbehn Gonca , Ruettner Barbara , Goetzmann Lutz
Published: April 2022

Against the backdrop of globalisation on the one hand and nationalisation on the other, the question of tolerance of ambiguity, i.e. of tolerating cultural ambiguity and vagueness, is of particular importance. This qualitative study investigates what tolerance of ambiguity means in a group of 50 young Turkish Muslims living in Germany. A high tolerance of ambiguity is mentioned much more frequently in the interviews than a low tolerance of ambiguity with tendencies towards (religious) radicalisation. Appreciation of different cultures and lifestyles and a certain resilience to discrimination go hand in hand with a high tolerance of ambiguity. However, it is also possible that despite high tolerance of ambiguity, the corresponding attitudes remain ambivalent. A lack of support, difficult interpersonal conflicts (especially in one’s own family), and a turn to religion occur together with expressions of low ambiguity tolerance. The casuistic representations deepen the impression that high ambiguity tolerance is favoured in triadically structured families functioning as a collective, whereas early traumatic experiences and emotional distance in crises promote low ambiguity tolerance, especially in adolescence. The results underline the importance of high tolerance of ambiguity on the part of both the host country and the migrants.
Application of revised innovative trend analysis in lower Drava River
Authors: Zakwan Mohammad , Pham Quoc Bao , Bonacci Ognjen , Đurin Bojan
Published: April 2022

Changes in the streamflow pattern raise a plethora of implications on the morphological, economic, social, and cultural aspects of an entire river basin. Trend analysis of hydrological time series is the most common method to identify these changes. Several methods have been proposed to identify the trends in time series. In the present study, Mann–Kendall (MK), innovative trend analysis (ITA), and revised innovative trend analysis (RITA) were used to identify the trend in discharge and sediment load at two gauging sites of the lower Drava River Basin, during 1988–2017 with an objective to compare and understand the limitations of these methods. Innovative trend analysis provided greater visualization of the trend of different magnitude of discharges and sediment load as compared to Mann–Kendall test. However, it was observed that due to certain assumptions, ITA produced significant trends when the trends were insignificant. The significance of trends obtained from RITA was in close agreement with the Mann–Kendall test. In this regard, the method of determining the significance of trend in ITA needs to be rechecked and revised.