bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hand decontamination practices and the appropriate use of gloves in two adult intensive care units in Malaysia
Authors: Katherason Supaletchimi Gopal , Naing Lin , Jaalam Kamarudin , Nik Mohamad Nik Abdullah , Bhojwani Kavita , Harussani Najah Dato' Seri Hj , Ismail Asma
Published: March 2010

Background: Hand decontamination is a critical infection control practice in the prevention of nosocomial infection. This study was conducted to observe the hand hygiene practices of nurses and doctors in two intensive care units (ICUs) in Malaysia. Methodology: Staff members were observed during patient contacts, and their hand washing techniques and hand hygiene practices were monitored. Five contact periods were observed for staff members while they cared for their assigned patients. Hand hygiene practices before and after patient contacts were categorized as clean uncontaminated, clean recontaminated, new gloves, and unchanged contaminated gloves. Compliance to hand-washing steps and time taken for hand washing were analyzed. Appropriate use of gloves based on CDC criteria also was assessed. Results: Compliance to hand hygiene practices was 70% before each patient contact. Staff members did not completely adhere to the hand-washing steps. The average time taken to wash hands was 20 seconds, and the necessary steps (rubbing palm over dorsum; rubbing fingers interlaced, and rotational rubbing of thumbs) were practiced minimally by all staff. Hand washing protocol was generally followed by all staff (100%). Alcohol hand rubs were available but were used moderately (60%); when used, staff members did not wait for the alcohol to dry. Only 4% of staff changed contaminated gloves between patients. Conclusions: Hand hygiene compliance by ICU staff members needs to be improved. Improving adherence to correct hand hygiene techniques will require effective education programs and behavioral modification techniques. Moreover, hand hygiene guidelines must be incorporated into new staff orientation programs and the continuing education curriculum in the two hospitals studied.
Structural-functional Correlations of Corneal Innervation After LASIK and Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Stachs Oliver , Zhivov Andrey , Kraak Robert , Hovakimyan Marine , Wree Andreas , Guthoff Rudolf
Published: March 2010

PURPOSE:

To compare corneal subbasal nerve fiber distribution and corneal sensation in healthy humans with findings obtained in regenerated subbasal nerves after LASIK and penetrating keratoplasty (PK).

METHODS:

In a comparative case series study, in vivo confocal laser-scanning microscopy was used to investigate subbasal nerve fiber bundles in healthy individuals and at various time points after surgery in patients who had undergone LASIK and corneal grafting. Corneal sensation was measured (Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer).

RESULTS:

In normal corneas investigated, image super-imposition revealed the consistent appearance of curved nerve fibers showing a whorl-like pattern with clockwise orientation. Nerve fibers parallel to Bowman's layer originating peripherally traveled radially inwards to a point located at the lower nasal quadrant. This pattern was not seen in any of the patients after LASIK or PK. Regenerated nerve fibers were thinner, more curved, and showed abnormal branching in nearly all patients. Normal corneal neuro-anatomical architecture remained absent even months after total restoration of corneal sensation. After LASIK, normal sensation was regained independently of normal subbasal nerve anatomy. Corneal grafts have shown some recovery of subbasal nerve morphology, at least in the graft periphery, but not complete recovery of function.

CONCLUSIONS:

It would appear that normal corneal sensation after LASIK or PK does not always depend on normal subbasal nerve anatomy but on the collateral organization of subbasal nerve fibers. [
J Refract Surg
. 2010;26:159–167.]
Inmuebles sostenibles – ¿sueño o tendencia?
Authors: Lützkendorf T.
Published: March 2010

Desde que aspectos tales como el cambio climático, la escasez de recursos o los problemas sociales en las megalópolis llegaron a los medios de comunicación, la sociedad se ha sensibilizado con las cuestiones relacionadas con el desarrollo sostenible. Esto también ha llevado a un intenso debate dentro del sector inmobiliario. En el pasado, el discurso sobre la sostenibilidad fue habitualmente centrado en la contribución y el papel de los diseñadores y de los industriales, fabricantes, promotores y constructores. El concepto algo abstracto de desarrollo sostenible, en el mejor de los casos, se había incluido formalmente dentro de los objetivos y metas corporativas. Mientras tanto, el importante papel de los inversores públicos y privados, los bancos, las compañías de seguros y las autoridades gubernamentales está siendo cada vez más reconocido; no sólo por la academia, sino también por el público en general, que ha presionado a las corporaciones para que tuvieran en cuenta las consecuencias de sus acciones y, por tanto, aspectos de desarrollo sostenible en la toma de decisiones.
De acuerdo con tendencias actuales en Europa y las lecciones aprendidas en Alemania, este artículo reflexiona sobre la transformación de la propiedad y los mercados inmobiliarios y sostiene que los procesos de toma de decisión en inmuebles y construcciones deben ser sostenidos y apoyados por un conjunto de herramientas y métodos basados en la metodología de ACV y de CCV. Asimismo, se argumenta que las líneas que sigue el mercado para implementar los principios del desarrollo sostenible en el sector inmobiliario y en la industria de la construcción serán apoyadas por medidas gubernamentales y políticas fiscales que permitan alcanzar su transformación con eficacia y rapidez.
La regulación jurídica de los residuos de construcción demolición (RCD) en España. El caso de la Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: Del Río M. , Izquierdo P. , Salto I. , Santa Cruz J.
Published: March 2010

España es el quinto país europeo que genera más residuos de construcción-demolición (RCD), y uno de los que menos esfuerzos realiza para recuperarlos según el informe Symonds & Ass. Este informe indica que el 90% de los 13 millones de toneladas de materiales inertes que se generan cada año, acaban en vertederos y sólo un 5% se recicla.
En nuestro país la competencia sobre la gestión de los RCD corresponde a las Comunidades Autónomas, a excepción de los RCD procedentes de obras menores domiciliares, por lo que éstas a la vista de este problema, han redactado Planes de gestión de RCD en base a los Planes Nacionales. Estos planes han sido redactados tomando como base el denominado principio de jerarquía, contemplado en el artículo 1.1 de la Ley 10/1998 de Residuos. Este principio establece como prioritario prevenir en la medida de lo posible, reutilizar lo que se pueda, reciclar lo que no se pueda reutilizar y valorizar energéticamente todo lo que no se pueda reutilizar o reciclar. El depósito final en vertedero es la última opción, la menos satisfactoria. En este artículo se presentan algunas de las medidas legales que la Comunidad de Madrid ha impulsado, en los últimos años, para la mejora de la gestión de los RCD en obras de edificación.
Planificación de urgencia para la reducción rápida de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero
Authors: Larsson Nils K.
Published: March 2010

Según las estimaciones científicas internacionales más optimistas, los niveles actuales y previstos de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) están llevando al mundo hacia un cambio climático que tendrá graves consecuencias para todos los países. El problema se ve agravado por la tendencia de personas e instituciones a no tomar medidas hasta que no se perciben las catastróficas consecuencias. El historial de crisis ocurridas en otros sectores nos demuestra que las reacciones probablemente se centren en medidas ad hoc o en emplear planes que ya existían, pero sin resultados. Sin embargo, es poco probable que la alternativa al desarrollo de planes públicos para las reducciones drásticas y rápidas consiga el apoyo necesario, debido precisamente a su radicalidad. El autor recomienda por tanto que las grandes organizaciones que tengan control directo o indirecto sobre un volumen considerable de GEI preparen planes de emergencia propios para reducir las emisiones muy rápidamente, de modo que, cuando llegue el momento adecuado para las acciones de última hora, existan planes más racionales y menos destructivos. En este artículo se proponen ejemplos concretos de tipos de planes que podrían resultar adecuados.
Revitalización de antiguos cuarteles a partir de un nuevo espacio climático. Criterios para la reducción de la demanda energética. Parque Científico Tecnológico Agroalimentario “PCiTAL”. Gardeny. Lleida. Consorcio “PCital” (Univ. Lérida-Ayuntamiento Lérida)
Authors: Batlle T. , Pich-Aguilera F.
Published: March 2010

La rehabilitación-revitalización de unos antiguos cuarteles, situados en el área de Gardeny en la ciudad de Lérida, consistió en la intervención en tres edificios existentes y reconvertirlos en espacios de servicio a la investigación para la universidad y la empresa agroalimentaria. Se consideraron como prioridad, en las decisiones de proyecto, la mejora de la demanda energética de los edificios, para ello se utilizaron modelos informáticos, en la fase de proyecto, y monitorización, de los edificios existentes. Los datos y cálculos ajustaron las decisiones de proyecto y han sido la base para motorizar y monitorizar el edificio finalizado. En fase de anteproyecto se evaluó mediante modelos energéticos la demanda energética asociada a las características arquitectónicas y constructivas del edificio para poder decidir las posibilidades de reducción. Las decisiones sobre los sistemas constructivos, los espacios-atrio y el efecto de humedad y vegetación nos permitían un ahorro en torno a un 23% en calefacción y un 50% en refrigeración. La posibilidad de integrar a un segundo grupo de investigación en el proyecto permitió por un lado cotejar los datos de ahorro y por otro monitorizar el edificio existente y así como programar la monitorización del edificio ya rehabilitado y en uso. Actualmente, sobre una metodología desarrollada, se están ajustando las estrategias bioclimáticas de control para dar el confort óptimo a los espacios intermedios e interiores de los edificios.
Cascade Model for Online Discussion Boards in an E-Learning Environment
Authors: Kumar Vibha
Published: March 2010

This report is an outcome of five years of teaching and managing groups of students in an online learning environment. Some course management software allow the user to create groups and add different links within each group. Distinct platforms, with various sections, can be formed within those links for any given project. Students, as well as instructors, can manage the project for 6 to 8 weeks, cascading one discussion board into one or multiple platforms. This provides better understanding of the project material due to the step by step layout of the given exercise, leading to increased group management and greater communication among the student group members. This report provides the step-by-step procedure for cascading one discussion board into platforms, to manage online projects and provide a more controlled online environment for students in higher education.
Geometric Imperfection Sensitivity and Effect of Constraint Conditions of H-Section Columns under Compression
Authors: Wang Yi Ping , Zang Yong , Wu Di Ping
Published: March 2010

The buckling behavior of thin-walled steel structures under load is still imperfectly understood, in spite of much research over the past 50 years. In this paper, the buckling behaviors of H-section columns under compression have been simulated with ANSYS. In the analysis, contact pairs between column ends and end blocks have been introduced into the model, and the load carrying capacity of the columns with four kinds of end constraint conditions and various typical initial geometric imperfections has been calculated and discussed. The results indicate that the load carrying capacity is most sensitive to the flexural imperfection, and the constraint condition cannot change the imperfection sensitivity of a column under compression, but improving restrain condition can heighten the load carrying capacity. They are helpful to the use and the tolerance control in the manufacture process of thin-walled H-section steel structures.
Muscle Force and Joint Torque Prediction Model for Intelligent Human-Assisted Product Design
Authors: Wu Jian Feng , Li Hai Ying , He Xiao Dong , Yang Nai Tiao , Shi Fu Qian
Published: March 2010

The muscle force and joint torque prediction model for intelligent human-assisted product design based on surface electromyography (EMG) was described. Muscle force and joint torque are the most important motion information in the intelligent assistant product design, and they can help designers to consider functional capabilities and limitations of different users when designing products. At first, thinking of the characteristics of daily tasks, surface EMG was adopted as the signal source. Secondly, the architecture of the prediction model based on the muscle physiological model and the musculoskeletal geometry model was proposed. According to the relationships of the “force-length” and “force-velocity”, the muscle force and joint torque could be calculated while the muscle active level was taken as one parameter. Finally, the experimental results of an intelligent stand-up assistant chair confirmed the effectiveness of the prediction model.
Characteristics Analysis of TBM Disc Cutter Ring
Authors: Wang He , Wu Yu Hou , Sun Hong , Wang Teng Yue , Zhao Kai Jun
Published: March 2010

Disc cutter is the key part in Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM). Wear and tear of disc cutter is the main reason of low efficiency and high cost of this machine. Forces and deformations of disc cutter ring are foundation for its design and assembly. In this paper, the analysis of stress and deformation are carried to study their distribution; Wear mechanism of disc cutter ring is presented; modal analysis is carried to study the vibration of disc cutter ring. The results show the yield strength and rigidity of disc cutter ring is very high; disc cutter ring can avoid resonance and meet the engineering requirement. The results are very helpful for digital design of disc cutter ring used in different geology conditions.
Comprehensive Assessment of Assembling-Possibility of Products Based on Extensive Theory
Authors: Chen Qi Dong , Rui Yan Nian , Chen Qing Zhang , Hua Zheng Xiao , Zhao Lian Sheng
Published: March 2010

It is important to assembling-possibility of products for the DFA (Design For Assembling). Asembling factors is analyzed, and a matter-element model is deduced, the evaluation model of products design for assembling is established according to the extensive theory and superiority evaluating method, and the process of this method is discussed in detail. The example confirmed that the evaluating method is advanced and practicality. The present analysis is qualitative combining.
A New Method for Calculation the Ball Grading of a Ball Mill
Authors: Sun Yi , Wang Wen Tao , Dong Ming Feng , Mao Ya Lang
Published: March 2010

Through the analysis of the interaction form between steel balls and the material in Micro-level, the primary form in different areas confirmed and the requirement of ball grading presented. The different methods of ball grading and the different influence on the interaction between steel balls and the material clarified. At last, a clear description of the calculation method of the ball grading made through an example.
Applying Collaborative Filtering Techniques for Individual Fashion Recommendation
Authors: Lei Jian Lan , Wang Jin , Lu Guo Dong , Fei Shao Mei
Published: March 2010

Collaborative filtering (CF) technique is the most successful method for recommendation system. In this article, we developed a fashion recommendation system by using CF technique. In order to improve on data sparseness problems in CF technique, firstly we built users’ similarities based on users’ background information which is related with fashion, then the neighbors’ predicting ratings were filled into the U-I rating matrix in advance before the traditional collaborative filtering. While computing the background information similarities, we develop a hybrid similarity model which can deal with different types of properties. The method can solve the data sparseness of U-I rating matrix effectively.
Design of Automatic Measuring Instrument of Irregular Objects’ Centroid
Authors: Sun Ning , Zhang Yong , Wang Jin
Published: March 2010

By utilizing the parallel axis theorem of moment of inertia and the graphic geometric transformation theory as well as the method of rotating and moving axis, the calculation formula of irregular objects’ centroid was derived. And on the basis of a single axis air bearing table which was used for measuring the moment of inertia of objects around a fixed axis, the complete instrument of measuring the irregular objects’ centroid was designed. The objects’ centroid and moment of inertia could be measured synchronously. Through the analysis of the influence on measuring accuracy caused by measuring factors’ errors, the method of improving the measuring accuracy of instrument was derived. The measuring instrument meets the requirement of measuring the irregular objects’ centroid precisely.
A Digital Manufacture Technology for Skull Prosthesis Using Incremental Sheet Forming Method
Authors: Han Fei , Mo Jian Hua , Wang Pei , Deng Ying Zhe
Published: March 2010

In order to alleviate the suffering of the patients with skull defects, this paper presents a detailed analysis of incremental sheet forming (ISF) method to shape skull prosthesis of titanium alloy meshed plate. In the study, we emphasized the following points: First, we designed and made skull model based on computed tomography image, and extracted the skull defect data using reverse engineering technology, then we reconstructed the surface of the prosthesis and designed it’s three dimentional model, finally, we adjusted tool path repeatedly and then imported the tool path into incremental sheet forming system to shape skull prosthesis. This paper provides a fast and accurate prosthesis manufacture method of titanium alloy meshed plate, which can improve the level of the skull repair technique.
The Research of Conical Bore Diameter Measuring Method and Tool Based on Incomplete Iron Hinges
Authors: Chen Xi Qu , Wang Zhan Kui , Su Jian Xiu , Kong Xiao Hong
Published: March 2010

It is difficult to measuring conical bore edge sizes (especially big-end)because of its special structure , so the paper put forward a measuring method and a measuring tool based on imaginary crossing point which measure by transforming the point-contact between foot rulers measuring plane and conical bore end plane into imaginary crossing point and installed digital display device . It can measure the conical bore edge sizes directly in field-working and read the value with digital display device directly and used convenience .Its structure is simple and has certain practical value.
An Effective Algorithm for Tool-Path Airtime Optimization during Leather Cutting
Authors: Yang Wei Bo , Zhao Yan Wei , Jie Jing , Wang Wan Liang
Published: March 2010

Tool-path airtime optimization problem during multi-contour processing in leather cutting is regarded as generalized traveling salesman problem. A hybrid intelligence algorithm is proposed. The improved genetic simulated annealing algorithm is applied to optimize cutting path selected arbitrarily firstly, and an optimal contour sequence is founded, then problem is changed into multi- segment map problem solved with dynamic programming algorithm. The algorithm's process and its various parameters are given simultaneously, and its performance is compared with simulated annealing and standard genetic algorithm alone. The results show that the algorithm is more effective.
Modeling and Error Analysis of Monocular Stereo Vision System for Large-Scale Workpiece On-Machine Measurement
Authors: Wang Zhong Ren , Wu Yan Hua , Quan Yan Ming
Published: March 2010

A novel movable monocular stereo vision measurement system was designed considering the application objectives and on-machine measurement situation. The physical model and mathematical model for measurement accuracy was established. The appropriate structure parameters scope was obtained after simulation analysis. Finally, an application example of the measurement system is introduced.
Research on Rule-Based Reasoning Intelligent Selection System of Injection Mold Standard Parts
Authors: Wu Bai Zhong , Gao Bin , Song Rong
Published: March 2010

The use of rule-based reasoning technology can realize the intelligent selection of mold standard parts when designing injection mold. In this paper, the selection experience of mold standard parts are stored to databases for scientifically choosing mold base, sprue bushings, ejector pins, and other standard parts. And through the establishment of a rule base, reasoning mechanism, standard parts library, a rule-based reasoning intelligent selection system of injection mold standard parts is proposed and details of the proposed approach are presented.
Temperature Influences on Springback of AZ31 Sheet
Authors: Gao Jun , Yue Zhen Ming , Ruan Li Qun
Published: March 2010

Researches on bending property of the AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet have been focusing on the loading methods and their own performance, while the temperature is less concerned in the past. In this paper, the law of the springback with the temperature changing was especially studied. In addition, the forming characteristics of the microstructure at various temperatures were researched. The experimental results indicated a nearly linear relationship existing between temperature and springback owing to the changing characteristics of the microstructure. A formula for calculating the bending springback by temperature of 0.8mm magnesium alloy sheet was obtained, which was according to the data obtained on the basis of physical experiments.
The Numerical Simulation of the Single Abrasive Motion Law in the Environment of Structural Surface
Authors: Ji Shi Ming , Ma Bao Li , Tan Da Peng , Yuan Qiao Ling
Published: March 2010

As far as the controllability of turbulence flow field surface effect of the soft abrasive flow was concerned, to begin with the analysis of the motion of the particle in the flow field, the paper studied the motion law of particle in the flow field, especially in the boundary layer. Based on the fluid-solid two-phase flow coupling style, it established the single particle dynamics model. Then it established the realizable k-ε model, in the light of the numerical simulation of turbulent flow. With the adoption of the computational method of SIMPLEC, it asked for the velocity and the pressure of fluid in the U-shaped flow passage, the velocity and the motion law of particles with different granularities and velocity, in the boundary layer. Experimentation results tell us that the original velocity plays a leading role in the motion trajectory of particles. The diameter influenced the particles motion trajectory in some degree.
The Manufacturing of Rapid Tooling by Stereo Lithography
Authors: Hou Ya Li , Zhao Ting Ting , Li Chang He , Ding Y.C.
Published: March 2010

The development and manufacturing speed of products have become the focus of competition, at the same time the manufacturing not only has to meet user’s constantly changing needs, but also has to have a relatively strong flexibility of manufacturing technologies. Additive processes can be defined as rapid prototyping, which generate parts (prototyping) in a layered way, is gaining progress by rapid tools (RT) and rapid manufacturing (RM) for production of functional parts in small quantity and even one product without adding the cost becomes more and more critical. The paper describes which mechanism of stereo lithography (SLA) rapid prototyping can be applied to rapid tooling for production complex geometries for long-term consistency. Moreover, the paper demonstrates the application examples of rapid tooling fulfilling the required physical, mechanical and geometrical properties in precision deformation and casting process. The most notable advantage is the integration of production design and digital manufacturing within the product development period.
Research and Application of Metal Cold Extrusion Forming Utilising Floating Die and Divided Flow
Authors: Hu Guo Jun , Feng Fang
Published: March 2010

Modern cold extrusion technology has been from a traditional method developing into compound extrusion, multi-action extrusion, closed forming, divided flow extrusion and flow control forming as well as other forms. In this paper, basic principles of floating die extrusion and divided flow extrusion were analyzed. Tests and experimental practice and application of floating die and divided flow extrusion of gear were stated. Spur gear forming in application and forming processes based on exchange mandrel was detailed.
Study on the Effect of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Processing Parameters on the Surface Roughness of Q345 Hydraulic Prop
Authors: Mei Guang Yi , Zhang Ke Hua , Ding Jin Fu
Published: March 2010

The surface roughness of the hydraulic prop had an important effect on the wear resistance, fatigue strength and property of fit. The ultrasonic surface rolling extrusion (USRE) processing experiment was employed to improve the surface roughness of the hydraulic prop, some machine parameters such as the tools transfer magnitude, feed were studied in detail, the contact style roughness tester( Mahr S2) was used to test the surface roughness of the workpiece. The experiment results showed that the USRE could improve the surface roughness evidently, the Ra value from 0.976μm reduce to 0.105 μm by one-hit machining. The feed was linear with the surface roughness, and when the tools’ amplitude was 6.5~8.5, there were a better surface roughness Ra 0.090μm. USRE processing the surface time and again could improve the surface state.
Modeling and Experimental Study of Magnetorheological Flexible Gasbag Polishing
Authors: Ji Shi Ming , Chen Guo Da , Jin Ming Sheng , Zhang Li
Published: March 2010

Magnetorheological flexible gasbag polishing based on the special application of magnetorheological fluid (MRF) in robotic gasbag polishing technique is a novel efficient approach in the field of mould finishing. It can control the polishing pressure by changing the magnetic force generated by MRF inside of the gasbag with the effect of variable magnetic field of electromagnetic coil. Its mathematical model is established to study the main factors influencing the material removal. The orthogonal tests are applied to analyze these important parameters. From the experimental results, it can be seen that this new approach is desirable in realizing the control of surface figure accuracy and improvement of surface quality under certain condition.
A Study on Al-6061-T6 Tube Drawing Limit Based on Critical Damage Value
Authors: Quan Guo Zheng , Wang Yi Xin , Zhou Jie , Chen Bin
Published: March 2010

he Al-6061-T6 tube’s drawing limit and the drawing process’s elasto-plastic behavior were investigated based on the foundational theories of larger deformation and continuum damage mechanics. A mathematical computation equation about the maximum Cockcroft-Latham damage value was converted to an appropriate discrete expression which is easy for FE code to programme, thus the corresponding finite element numerical algorithm for damage computation was developed. By an approach that physical experiments and numerical simulation provide mutual support for the critical damage value, the crack criterion of Al-6061-T6 was evaluated as 1.34. The crack criterion obtained was introduced as important design considerations of tube drawing process. An 3D graph which reflects maximum damage variation according with the diameters at different tube thickness was achieved, according to which the drawing process’s safe and unsafe areas of Al-6061-T6 tube with diameter 10mm at temperature 20°C and drawing velocity 100mm/s was ploted.
Research on Laminated Object Manufacturing Technology for Metal Part Based on CNC Machine Tool and Large Thickness Slice
Authors: Zhang Ji Tang , Guo Ping Ying , Lu Chun Yue
Published: March 2010

It is important of the rapid manufacturing for metal function part in RP/M field at present. A novel LOM technology based on the large thickness slice and CNC machine tool is proposed, which can improve the precision and intensity for the metal function part. Under the certain precision condition, the thickness of each layer is raised maximally by the novel LOM technology. The contour machining of metal slice is performed with CNC machine tool, and the connection of metal slices is accomplished with both vacuum solid pressure heat diffusion weld and assembling metal slices; The metal function part that has higher precision and strength is obtained finally by taking these measures.
Drilling Force in High Speed Drilling Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) Using Half Core Drill
Authors: Liu Dong , Xu Hong Hai , Zhang Chao Ying , Yan Hong Juan
Published: March 2010

The Composites are difficult machining materials which widely used in aerospace industry due to their excellent mechanical properties. Tool wear and delamination are considered the major concern in manufacture the parts and assembly. The thrust force and torque affect the tool life and delamination mostly. This paper investigated the drilling force and torque of carbon fibred composite with carbide drilling tools and half core drilling tool. The experiments were carried out under air cooling cutting conditions and the drilling force using carbide tool and half core tool were compared and the experimental results indicated that the drilling forces using half core drill were smaller than that of using carbide tool.
Study on Surface Roughness of High-Speed Cutting of Ni-Base Superalloy under Different Cutting Media
Authors: Cao Huan Ya , Guo Li Hong , Chen Chun
Published: March 2010

In the process of high-speed cutting Ni-base superalloy, some precarious factors such as environment media, cutter wear and so on have great influences on the processed surface roughness, and are not easy to control. According to the microscopic cutter wear and surface roughness generated in the experiments of using different media (such as: cold wind oil-mist, cold wind and normal temperature oil-mist) to cut the alloy, the influences of different media cutting conditions on cutter wear and the surface roughness of a workpiece in the high-speed cutting Ni-base superalloy are studied, and the rule to improve the quality of surface processing of Ni-base superalloy under the condition of the cold wind high-speed cutting is revealed.
Design of Holonic Manufacturing Execution System with Control Mechanism Based Stigmergy
Authors: Li Xiu Lin , Lu Jian Sha , Chai Guo Zhong , Tang Hong Tao
Published: March 2010

To deal with problem of manufacturing system stability caused by uncertain factors in discrete production process, holon was introduced to manufacturing execution system (MES). A distributed manufacturing control architecture based on holon was established. This architecture using cooperation mechanism based stigmergy to realize agility, autonomy and intelligence of system control. Based on the architecture, holon driven agents to visit production elements, acquiring dynamic information of production process. Model design of production factors as order, resource, raw material, product and management factors as optimize, execution was described amply. Finally, workflow of this system was depicted with an example of uncertain order factor.
Open Vehicle Routing Problem Using Quantum Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Yan Wei , Zhang J.L. , Peng D.J.
Published: March 2010

Open vehicle routing problem is a kind of special vehicle routing problem, in which the vehicles do not return the depots after completing the task. Aiming at open vehicle routing problem, the mathematical model was founded by introducing virtual depots. A quantum evolutionary algorithm combined with local optimization algorithms was proposed in this paper, in which 0-1 matrix encoding was used to construct chromosomes, rotation gate with adaptively adjusting rotation angle was used to realize evolution, nearest neighbors and 2-Opt were incorporated to further improve solutions. Based on benchmark problems, the algorithm’s parameters were discussed, and the computation result was compared to those of other algorithms. The Computation results indicated that the proposed algorithm was an efficient method for solving open vehicle routing problem.
Job Assignment Support System Integrating Environmentally-Conscious Information of Manufacturing System
Authors: He Yan , Liu Fei , Wang Qi Feng
Published: March 2010

The interest in environmentally conscious manufacturing has increased due to the goal of reducing environmental impacts and resource consumption in manufacturing system. However, little pays attention to the issue in the production operational process of manufacturing system. This paper introduces a new tool that integrates environmentally-conscious information into the job assignment activities. The objective of the tool is to assist production managers in their decision-making regarding resource-saving and environmentally-friendly assignment schemes. The system framework is built up with six components. Furthermore, the two key issues of the system are presented including the description of the information flow in the function level and the establishment of models in the model layer. The prototype of the system is developed and the demonstration is fulfilled in the gear machining shop floor.
A Method for Modeling Wrinkles of 3D Face Based on Photo
Authors: Li Li , Liu Fei , Li Jian , Wang Yuan Yuan
Published: March 2010

Verisimilitude of 3D face modeling can be strongly enhanced by taking into account skin wrinkles. However, there are two difficulties to model real and natural wrinkles: one is the location of wrinkles and the other is the shape of wrinkles. For the first problem, an algorithm for locating wrinkles through extracting feature curves based on photo is presented; For the second problem, a shape control function is proposed considering the properties of real wrinkles, which could provides intuitive parameters for easily modulating the depth and the width of wrinkles, and express the attenuation and impact of one wrinkle on its surrounding surface. The experiment results by applying the method to a 3D face model show that it not only has the advantage of verisimilitude as the photo, but also has the feature of natural ripple which is deeper and wider in the middle than in both sides.
Research and Realize on Rental Service System for ASP Software Based on the IPS2
Authors: Zhao Yan Wei , Zhu Li Nan , Wang Wan Liang
Published: March 2010

With the development of science technology, the purchase in market aren’t just product itself. As a more effective way, industry product service system (IPS2) offers an integration of tangible product and intangible service to meet users’ need as much as possible with minimal resource, there is much achievement on IPS2 in academe. In this paper, the software rental service system for hardware enterprise the information-based manufacturing, the system consists of eight function modules with the platform of IBOS/ASP, and integrates resources of users (hardware enterprise), telecom operator, and third-part software developer to provide customized service.
Microstructure Evolution of Heavy Section Ductile Iron
Authors: Diao Xiao Gang , Ning Zhi Liang , Cao Fu Yang , Ren Shan Zhi , Sun Jian Fei
Published: March 2010

Ductile iron, Heavy section, Cooling curve, Microstructure, Cooling rate.
Abstract. Two 250×250×250 mm cubic ductile iron castings solidified in sand and insulation mould were fabricated. The effect of cooling rate on graphite and matrix microstructure of heavy section ductile iron together with their cooling curves were evaluated. Results show that increasing the cooling rate leads to fine graphitization and favors spheroidal graphite formation. The matrix structure is fully ferrite structure at the edge of both castings, while pearlite can be seen near the eutectic cell boundaries at the center of two castings. Furthermore, the amount of pearlite increases with increasing solidification time. Cooling curves confirm that cooling rate affects solidification time of the eutectic transformation and characteristic temperature points on the cooling curves remain unchanged. Low cooling rate appears to significantly increase the eutectic plateau length. Besides, cooling curves show that eutectic temperature remains constant (about 1160°C), which allows for spheroidal graphite formation. Undercooling and inoculation fading during the long time eutectic solidification lead to pearlite formation in the center of cubic ductile iron castings.
Study on Surface Reaction Layer of Titanium Cast with Al2O3-Based Investment Materials
Authors: Yu Gui Lin , Li Nan , Li You Sheng , Wang Yi Ning
Published: March 2010

Titanium and its alloys are promising materials in the dental field. However, they react easily with investment materials during casting, forming the reaction layer, resulting in changes of their mechanical property, and limiting their use. So it is necessary for us to study the surface reaction layer between titanium and investment materials and how to decrease the reaction layer. This paper studies the composition and microstructure of the surface reaction layer of titanium castings with Al2O3-based investment materials by SEM, EPMA and TEM. The result reveals that there were two layers on the surface of titanium castings, with outer layer being oxide layer including Al2O3, MgO, Al2TiO5(Al2O3•TiO2) and TixOy, and inner layer being alloy layer including Ti3Al and Ti. The formation mechanism of the surface reaction layer of titanium castings is that when molten titanium is cast into Al2O3 mold, Al2O3 dissolves into molten titanium by the form of atomic Al and O, Ti3Al and TixOy are separated out when the melt solidifies.
Reclamation of Green Sand Containing Hot-Box Resin Sand and its Application
Authors: Sun Qing Zhou , Xu Rong Fu , Zhao Zhong Kui , Zhang Pu Qing
Published: March 2010

The green sand containing hot-box resin sand was reclaimed by the process of calcination followed by mechanical reclamation. The reclaimed sands were reused in the hot-box process. The grain size distribution, the shape factor, the clay content and the acid demand value were determined. The results show that the acid demand value of the reclaimed sand is higher than that of the base sand. Compared with the base sand, the grain size of the reclaimed sand is almost no difference. It can also be observed that the tensile strength of the molding sand is influenced by the acid demand value and clay content, but the reclaimed sand can still meet the casting process needs. In addition, the reclaimed green sand is satisfactory for hot-box process.
Casting of Aluminum Alloy Clad Strip Using a Vertical Type Tandem Twin Roll Caster
Authors: Nakamura Ryoji , Nakamura Ryoji , Kumai Shinji , Watari Hisaki
Published: March 2010

A vertical type tandem twin roll caster which can cast clad strip was devised and assembled. The casting of the clad strip was tried. The three layers clad strip could be cast by a vertical type tandem twin roll caster at only one process. The clad strip was connected directly from AA8079 and AA6022 at roll speed of 30m/min. The diffusion area between the strips was very narrow. The interface between the strips was clear and flat. The strips were bonded firmly.
Structural and Optical Properties of Dy Doped ZnO Film Grown by RF Magnetic Sputter
Authors: Zhang Chun Yu , Jiang Zhiang , Wu Zhi Guo , Chen Jiang Tao , Yan Peng Xun , Wang Jun
Published: March 2010

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Dysprosium (Dy) doped ZnO nano films have been successfully prepared by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputter. Then the crystal structure, morphology and optical of the films were investigated. All the samples have a preferred orientation with the (0 0 2) orientation perpendicular to the substrates. The surface morphology of the films changes greatly with the increasing of doping content. Agglomeration appears when the doping content is excess, which may result from the recrystallization of the small crystalline grain. The average transmittance in the visible range all exceeds 80% for the different doping content ﬁlms and the band gap increases from 3.26eV to 3.34eV.
Equal Channel Angular Pressing and Torsion of Pure Al Powder in Tubes
Authors: Wang Xiao Xi , Xue Ke Min , Li Ping , Wu Zhan Li , Li Qi
Published: March 2010

In this work, a new severe plastic deformation technique for preparing bulk fine-grained materials has been developed to achieve higher plasticity of powder materials. This novel technique, named Equal Channel Angular Pressing and Torsion (ECAPT), combines two severe plastic deformation methods: equal channel angular pressing and twist extrusion. With the designed ECAPT set-up, pure Al powder particles were successfully consolidated into full dense bulk material with fine grains at a lower deformation temperature (200°C) by Powder in Tubes-Equal Channel Angular Pressing and Torsion (PITS-ECAPT). After two passes of PITS-ECAPT, the microstructures at X, Y and Z planes of each sample were all sheared and elongated along a certain direction with fine banded structures; the grains were greatly squashed and refined with an average grain size of ~ 11.90µm; the deformed sample reached the full density; the micro-hardness and yield strength achieved 49.9kg/mm2 and 155Mpa respectively, which were significantly higher than those of as-cast annealed pure Al and pure Al powder sintered materials.
Finite Element Simulation of Backward Ball Spinning of Thin-Walled Tube with Longitudinal Inner Ribs
Authors: Zhang Yan Qiu , Jiang Shu Yong , Zheng Yu Feng , Zhao Li Hong
Published: March 2010

Backward ball spinning is applied to manufacturing thin-walled tubular part with longitudinal inner ribs. Rigid-plastic finite element method (FEM) is used to simulate and analyze backward ball spinning of thin-walled tubular part with longitudinal inner ribs. The fields of stress and strain in the deformation zone of the spun part are obtained by means of FEM. Finite element simulation results show that the deformation zone of the spun part is caused to be in a three-dimensional compressive stress state. The deformation zone in the inner rib is under the tensile strain in the radial and axial direction, and the compressive strain in the tangential direction. The wall deformation zone beside the inner rib is under the compressive strain in the radial direction, and the tensile strain in the axial and tangential direction. The three spinning force components all increase with the increase of the stroke of the ball. Furthermore, of all the three spinning force components, the radial force component is greater than the other two force components, and the tangential force component is minimum.
System Design for High Energy Rate Electromagnetic Powder Compaction Devices
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhou Gang Yi , Dong Xin Long , Li Guo Fu
Published: March 2010

In this paper, the main element is constructed high energy electromagnetic compaction system on the high-energy flat coil. Physical model for analyzing dynamic response of high pulse current was reviewed. Design loading device using high energy electromagnetic technology to suppress powder, consider the exhaust, stripping, loading, positioning and other issues,propose a more reasonable program.The device includes various components of the installation. such as coil, the coil plate, driver, amplifiers, punching first, die, upper and lower fixing plate. The model of device based on Pro/E to facilitate manufacturing.Pressure embryo along the suppression direction has more uniform density distribution.The technology possesses advantagesof the single side forming and directional loading.
The Micro-Torsion Mechanism of Polarization Axis during Fabrication of Polarization Maintaining Fiber Devices
Authors: Shuai Ci Jun , Peng Shu Ping , Wen Xue Jun
Published: March 2010

In order to explore the micro-torsion mechanism of polarization axis, we studied the microstructure of fused region and taper region of polarization maintaining(PM) fiber devices. Micro crystallizations were observed at the fused region on the fused region and the taper region of polarization maintaining fiber devices with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The amount and size of the micro crystallizations are increased with decreasing drawing speed and their distribution is asymmetry along the fiber axis. Moreover, micro cracks were observed only at the taper region. The micro cracks became broader and deeper with increasing drawing speed and their distribution is also asymmetry along the fiber axis. The asymmetry of these microstructures is the primary reason that results in micro torsion during the fabrication process of polarization maintaining fiber devices and further deteriorates the optical performance, especially extinction ratio.
Corrosion Resistance of Ni-Y2O3 Composite Coating Prepared by Electrodeposition under Ultrasonic Condition
Authors: Xue Yu Jun , Shen Chen , Li Ji Shun , Li Hang , Si Dong Hong
Published: March 2010

Ni-Y2O3 nanocomposite coating was electrodeposited from a nickel sulfamate solution containing Y2O3 particles and ultrasonic was applied during the process of the electrodeposition. The surface morphology and microstructure of the composite coatings were analyzed by a scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The corrosion resistence of the coatings was evaluated in the solution of 10 wt.% HCl aqueous solution. The results indicate that the Ni-Y2O3 nanocomposite coating shows a refined crystal grain and improved corrosion resistance compared with pure Ni coating. The Ni-Y2O3 nanocomposite coating prepared under ultrasonic condition exhibits a superior corrosion resistance due to the formation of denser structure and finer-grain scale.
Influence of N2 Proportion on Mechanical Properties of SiCN Thin Films Prepared by DIBSD
Authors: Hong Bo , Wu Xue Mei , Zhuge Lan Jian , Wu Zhao Feng , Zhou Fei
Published: March 2010

Amorphous silicon carbide nitride (SiCN) films have been deposited in a dual ion beam sputtering deposition (DIBSD) using a SiC target. Films with various compositions were obtained by changing the nitrogen and argon gas ratio in the assisted ion source. Mechanical properties of the SiCN films were evaluated by Nano-indentation in N2 ambient. Surface morphology of the films was characterized by an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The microstructure and chemical bonding correlating with behavior of the films were studied by a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a laser Raman spectroscopy. The results show that N2 proportion in the assisted ion source has a great effect on the structure and properties of the films and the mechanism was discussed in brief.
Substrate Roughness Effects on Chromium Oxide Coating Adhesion and Wear Resistance
Authors: Lou Fei , Pang Xiao Lu , Gao Ke Wei , Tao Chun Hu
Published: March 2010

The effects of high speed steel substrate roughness on adhesion and wear behavior of reactive sputtered chromium oxide coatings was investigated using scratch and tribological tests. While coating adhesion slightly increased, its wear rate deceased with substrate roughness increase from 2 to 38 nm.