bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ferritin L-subunit Gene Mutation and Hereditary Hyperferritinaemia Cataract Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review 
Authors: Yang Yunfan , Lin Ting , Chen Xincuan
Published: March 2021

Background: Hereditary hyperferritinaemia cataract syndrome (HHCS) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by high serum ferritin levels and juvenile bilateral cataracts. It is often caused by mutations in the Iron Response Element (IRE) of the ferritin L-subunit (FTL) gene. Most of the mutations are point mutations located in the upper stem and the conserved hexanucleotide of the hairpin structure of IRE, only a few mutations are deletions. Case presentation: Here we report a 73-year-old woman who presented to clinic with persistently elevated serum ferritin and family history of juvenile bilateral cataracts in four generations. DNA sequencing analyses identified a heterozygous c.-167C>T mutation in the 5’ untranslated region (UTR) of the FTL gene. Her daughter and granddaughter were also confirmed to have the same genetic mutation.Conclusion: HHCS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hyperferritinemia, especially in the presence of normal serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation. For patients with unexplained hyperferritinemia and bilateral cataracts who have experienced early vision loss, the establishment of genetic counseling is essential to diagnose other family members who are at risk in time, so as to avoid unnecessary liver biopsy and venesection.
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia With KMT2A-ELL Fusion Mutation in a Patient With Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Shilin , Qiao Sennan , Han Wei , Hu Ruiping , Du Zhonghua , Bai Jing , Zhang Fuming , Gao Sujun
Published: March 2021

Background: The concurrent of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a patient is a rare situation, and has caused obstacles in clinical management. Case presentation: In the current study, we described a 64-year old female who was characterized by intermittent fatigue, edema of both lower limbs, dyspnea, and occasionally fever up to 39°C. The admission blood routine detections and the flow cytometry showed the patient was impaired by both CLL and AML. In RT-qPCR molecular detection, KMT2A-ELL fusion gene t (11:10) (q23:p13.1) was detected, which was verified by FISH detections. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed a missense mutation of p.V157F in the coding sequence of TP53 gene, and frameshift mutations of p.V220fs and p.A382fs in the coding sequence of WT1. Conclusions: Collectively, the patient reported in this case was simultaneously impaired by CLL and AML. Our findings also inferred that the concurrent of CLL and AML might be attributed to the fusion mutation in KMT2A-ELL gene.
Preparation of hybrid coal gangue-polyacrylamide adsorbent and analysis of its performance for removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from wastewater
Authors: Sun Shanshan , ZHU Zhu , Wang Shujie , ZHANG Yongdong , WANG Huiyun , Quan Xiangao
Published: March 2021

This study describes the preparation of a low-cost adsorbent (hybrid coal gangue–polyacrylamide (HCGPAM)) based on activated coal gangue and acrylamide, and explores the effects of using it to remove Cu2+ and Pb2+ from wastewater. It investigated factors such as the impact of the initial concentrations of Pb2+ and Cu2+, adsorption time and temperature, and solution pH. The HCGPAM was fully characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and the Pb2+ and Cu2+ concentrations were measured using graphite furnace AAS. The adsorption performance experiment was conducted at 25 ℃ with initial Pb2+ and Cu2+ concentrations of 100 ug⋅ml− 1, an adsorbent dosage of 0.350 g, and an adsorption time of 30 min. The pH values of the Pb2+ and Cu2+ solutions were 5 and 4, respectively. When the adsorption effect was at an optimum, the Pb2+ and Cu2+ attained adsorption rates of 59.05% and 80.6%, respectively. The HCGPAM can be used to treat polluted sewage and therefore has favorable prospects for commercial application.
Retrospective study of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma in the Belgian population: a 25 year experience
Authors: Ruttens Dries , Messiaen Julie , Ferster Alina , Piette Caroline , Schifflers Stefan , Damme An Van , Bosch Jutte van der Werff ten , Verlooy Joris , Willems Leen , Jacobs Sandra
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma is a rare disease with a high mortality. Our primary aim was to determine the incidence of this disease in Belgium. Secondly, we wanted to compare the treatment approach of Belgian pediatric oncology centres, to investigate possibilities for improvement.
Methods

We retrospectively collected and analysed data on DIPG-patients diagnosed between 1994 and 2018 and recorded in the Belgian Cancer Registry.
We included patients ≤ 18 years who
were followed in one of the eight Belgian pediatric oncology
centres.
Results

We included 100 patients over a period of 25 years with a median age at diagnosis of 7 years. We observed an increase in diagnoses with an incidence of 3.1 per 1,000,000 persons (aged 0-≤18) per year over the last 5 years compared to an overall incidence of 1.8. Forty-five patients (51.7%) were biopsied at diagnosis. In ten (22%), this was study-related. H3 K27M-mutation was present in 75% of biopsied patients. Fifty-one patients (59.3%) received chemotherapy, without a significant survival benefit. Eleven patients (21.2%) were included in a clinical trial. Biopsy rate and the use of chemotherapy differed widely between centres. Mean OS and PFS were 10.49 and 4.87 months respectively. We observed an improved survival over time.
Conclusions

Over the past 25 years, we observed an increase of new DIPG-diagnoses. Outcome in our cohort is comparable with literature findings. We demonstrate an important heterogeneity in treatment approach between different centres and limited inclusion in clinical trials. Therefore, collaboration between centres and inclusion of patients in clinical trials is much needed.
Heavy metal concentration in Neotropical Aquatic Snakes (Helicops pastazae) and its potential as a bioindicator of water pollution
Authors: Hurtado-Morales María Jose , Rodríguez Manuel , Amezquita Adolfo
Published: March 2021

The present study aimed at testing the potential role of the aquatic snake Helicops pastazae as indicators of water pollution by heavy metals. In particular, we tested whether the total heavy metal concentration is related to (1) the distance and position (upstream vs downstream) of the sampling point with the discharge of wastewater; (2) the taxonomic group studied and its place in the trophic chain: piscivorous snakes vs characid fish that co-occur with them; and (3) the organ or tissue examined: snake liver versus muscle. We quantified cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with electrothermal atomization. Significant differences were found between some of the sampling points, particularly high metal concentrations were detected upstream on point 1, but no clear spatial pattern was found. There were no significant differences in the concentration of any metal between fish and snake muscle, suggesting potential mechanisms of metal excretion in snakes. With regard to interactions, the snake liver had the highest concentrations of cadmium and the muscle of lead and chromium, which may indicate tissue affinity differences for certain metals. Altogether, our results indicate that H. pastazae differentially accumulates contaminants, depending on the tissue and location, which render them useful bioindicators of water contamination.
Insight and equality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of socio-demographic associations. 
Authors: Ariyo Kevin , Keene Alex Ruck , David Anthony S. , Owen Gareth S.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUNDInsight is often used in clinical and legal contexts e.g. as evidence of decision-making capacity. However, it is unclear whether this disadvantages certain groups protected under equality legislation. To our knowledge, this question has yet to be addressed systematically. Therefore, the present study reviews empirical studies that look at the relationship between insight and sociodemographic variables. METHODSA systematic search of six bibliographic databases (CENTRAL, CINAHL, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO) was conducted, which yielded 6192 results. Study characteristics and outcomes (associations between insight and socio-demographic variables) were then extracted from 207 eligible studies. This included protected characteristics under the Equality Act (2010): age, sex, ethnicity, marital status and religion. Weighted confidence estimates were calculated and relevant moderators included in a random effects meta-analysis. A study protocol was registered prospectively on PROSPERO, ID: CRD42019120117. RESULTSInsight was not strongly associated with age, gender or ethnicity. Better insight was weakly but significantly associated with white ethnicity, being employed, younger age and more years of education. The age associations were mostly explained relevant moderating variables. Cultural context (studies done in individualistic versus collectivist countries) did not moderate associations. For people with schizophrenia, the associations between sociodemographic variables and insight were comparable to associations with decision making capacity. CONCLUSIONSOur results moderate some concerns over whether insight is discriminatory if used as evidence in mental capacity assessment. We have identified specific subgroups where further research is needed to clarify potential associations.
Perceived stress and its associated factors among health care providers during COVID-19 outbreak in Ilu Aba Bor and Bunno Bedelle Zones of Oromia regional state, South West, Ethiopia, 2020:A Cross sectional study
Authors: Alemayehu Yadeta , kenea Adamu , Gelan Ebsa , Tolesa Geremew , Bacha Lemi
Published: March 2021

Background: Pandemic corona virus outbreak has global distribution and world health organization stated that there is a high risk of pandemic corona virus out spreading to other developing countries that can make health professionals serving in third world countries to fear for morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To assess level of perceived stress and associated factors among health care providers during corona virus outbreak in Ilu Aba Bora and Bunno Bedelle Zones, Oromia regional state South West Ethiopia 2020.Methods: Facility based cross sectional study design was conducted among 365 respondents. Perceived stress was assessed using perceived stress scale (PSS) instrument. The data was organized and processed by the use of epi info-7 and analyzed using SPSS version 21.Results: The prevalence of perceived stress due to pandemic corona virus management among health care providers working in public health facilities was 57% in the last month of this study period. In Multivariate logistic regression being married (AOR=4.6, 95% CI: 3.51; 9.33), less than one year working experience (AOR= 2.57, 95%CI: 1.83-7.32) and having BSc degree and lower educational background in health related fields (AOR=3.8, 95%CI: 3.81; 7.03) had significantly associated with perceived stress among health care providers at p value of less than 0.05.Conclusion: Lower work experience, being married and lower educational background was significantly associated with perceived stress. Ministry of health in collaboration with ministry of education and other stakeholders should facilitate stress management skills inductive trainings to practitioners of newly recruited health care providers working in health care facilities.
Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with influenza among COVID-19 cases: A-meta analysis
Authors: Alizadeh-Navaei Reza , Golpur Monireh , Valadan Reza , Rezaei Masoumeh , Haghshenas Moammadreza , Mousavi Tahoora
Published: March 2021

Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health problem and may have co-infection with other pathogens such as influenza virus.Objective This study aims to assess the co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with influenza among COVID-19 cases.Material and methods The all relevant studies were collected from international databases. For improving the quality of the present literature, the all studies were evaluated by two reviewers in order to confirm all of the studies have inclusion criteria. Finally, all articles with sufficient quality scores were included in meta-analysis. Assessment of heterogeneity among the studies of primary studies was performed using the statistic chi‐squared test (Cochran's Q) and I2 index. In this results, random or fixed effect model were used for determination of heterogeneity test. All statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA), V.2 software.Results This meta- analysis included 9 primary studies investigating the co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with influenza among COVID-19 cases. Pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of co-infection is shown that the prevalence of influenza A is higher than influenza B. 2.3(0.5-9.3) vs 0.1 (0.4-3.3). Using the fixed effect model the frequency of fever was (80.6% [95% CI 76.1–84.40, p < 0.153]) and it is shown that fever is the most prevalent symptom in patients.Conclusion Patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 also infected with influenza virus. Thus, the current research provides a better understanding about the control and treatment of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the influenza virus.
C-reactive protein as a prognostic indicator in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Zavareh Mahmoud Sadeghi Haddad , Bayani Masomeh , Shokri Mehran , Ebrahimpour Soheil , Babazadeh Arefeh , Geraili Zahra , Moudi Emaddudin , Rostami Ali , Barari Mohammad , Hosseini Akram sadat , Bijani Ali , Javanian Mostafa
Published: March 2021

While some biomolecules have been explored to identify potential biomarkers for prognosis of the COVID-19 prognosis, there are no reliable prognostic indicators of disease progression and severity. We aimed to evaluate the ability of the C-reactive protein (CRP) to predict COVID-19 infection. This retrospective study was conducted on 429 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 30, 2020, and April 30, 2020. The study population was divided into severe cases (n = 175) and nonsevere cases (n = 254). Data on demographic characteristics, clinical features, and laboratory findings on admission were collected. The proportion of patients with increased CRP levels was significantly higher in severe cases than in nonsevere patients. Analysis of ROC curve found that CRP could be used as an independent factor in predicting the severity of COVID-19 infection. Also, patients with CRP > 64.75 mg/L were more likely to have severe complications. The serum levels of CRP can predict the severity and progression of illness in patients with COVID-19.
Identification of the difference of neutrophils in different locations in RA patients
Authors: Gu Hanming
Published: March 2021

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a complex systemic disease in which numerous cell types are involved. Neutrophils play an important role in the onset and development of RA. In our study, we aim to identify different functions of neutrophils in different conditions (blood and synovium) of RA patients by using a bioinformatics method to clarify their potential pathogenesis. The gene expression profiles of the GSE154474 dataset were originally produced by using the high-throughput Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Homo sapiens). The biological categories and biochemical pathways were identified and analyzed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Reactom enrichment. KEGG and GO results showed the biological pathways related to the immune and cellular structure were mainly different. Moreover, we identified several genes including GNB4, RHOA, and TECB2 were involved in the regulation of inflammation. Therefore, this study provides different insights into the pathogenesis of RA.
The Title of the Collection of Yu Dafu «沉论》(1921) as an Image of Perception and Self-perception
Authors:   Amur State University, Yuqi, Wang
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the research is determined by the interest of modern literary criticism to the issues of reflection in the artistic word of the processes of perception of each other by ethnic groups. The novelty of the work is defined by the appeal to the previously unpublished in Russia and not studied text of the collection by Yu Dafu Chen Lun as a source of reconstruction of the image of Japan's perception by the Chinese intelligentsia of the 1920s-1940s and self-perception. The problem of the research is to reconstruct the semantic content of the Chinese lexeme 沉 论 （Chen Lun) as an artistic concept of the image of Japan's perception and self-perception of the Chinese living there. The purpose of the work is to explicate the ideological and psychological mechanisms of creating images of perception and self-perception of the Chinese in the prose of Yu Dafu as a representative of the Left Wing of Chinese literature in the 1920s-1940s. The methodology of the work is based on a comparative analysis of the ideological and thematic content of the book and the semantics of the title of the collection, translations of these titles into Russian and English in different historical periods. The author uses historical-literary, comparative-historical methods, lexical-semantic analysis, comparative analysis of translation and translations with the original, conceptual analysis. On the basis of a comparative analysis of Russian and English translations of story titles (〇mut - Whirlpool), a lexical and semantic analysis of the word 沉论， key concepts and ideas of the collection, the author proposes another version of the translation into Russian as Pogryazshie (Drowned). The heroes of the Yu Dafu collection are young reflective Chinese intellectuals who came to Japan in the mid-1910s, have ambivalent feelings: the desire to see in Japan and the Japanese a model for self-improvement, and at the same time - dislike for the “higher” culture in relation to China. This study helps to reconstruct with psychological certainty the image of perception of Japan and the Japanese by revolutionary-minded Chinese youth of the 1920s, to explicate their image of self-perception, ideas about their own ethnos and ways of development of the Chinese state and Chinese ethnicity in this historical period. Keywords: literary images of perception, poetics of translation, China, Japan
Historical, Cultural and Ethno-psychological Connotations of the Image of the Homeland in Chinese Literature
Authors:   Amur State University, Yishan Feng
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the research is due to the interest of modern literary criticism in the study of conceptual images of national literatures formed by the basic universals of ethnic consciousness. The novelty lies in the appeal to the image of homeland in Chinese literature through the prism of the historical-etymological and historical-literary reconstruction of the concept that reflects the ethno-psychological foundations of Chinese consciousness. The problem of the study is comparing a number of lexemes, concepts, artistic images that have formed over the centuries the modern idea of the homeland in the Chinese picture of the world. The purpose of the work is to an­ alyze the evolution of the concept of “homeland” in the Chinese ethnic and national consciousness on the basis of dictionaries and works of Chinese literature from the Tang era to the 20th century. The methodology is based on the etymological, lexical and semantic reconstruction of the concept of “homeland” in the Chinese picture of the world, based on the historical and cultural context. The main research methods are comparative-historical and structural-semantic ones. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the image of the homeland in the ethnic picture of the world of the Chinese was formed as the statehood and national identity of the peoples inhabiting China. In ancient China, the concept of homeland was associated with the place of birth of ancestors, native places, and the country of exodus of alien peoples. These connotations are most clearly found in the lyrics of the Tang era. By the beginning of the 20th century, with the rise of the national movement, the image of the Motherland, drawn from European culture, appeared in the Chinese ethnic consciousness. The Xinhai Revolution allowed the Chinese to discover the world and foreign lands. The image of the motherland-fatherland in this context appears as a correlate of the concept of a foreign land (Japan, England, America). The image of the Motherland, the Father land is used most actively in new Chinese literature during the period of anti-Japanese resistance. After the formation of the PRC and the formation of the national consciousness of a united China, which united many nationalities, among the connotative meanings of ideas about the homeland, the concept of the homeland as a home state is of primary importance. Keywords: the Chinese, ethnic consciousness, land of ancestors, Motherland, foreign land
“Above Me is the Heavens Diversity”： Intertext in the Lyrics by Ivan Elagin
Authors:   Surgut State University, Khadynskaya Aleksandra A.
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the study is dictated by the need to identify intertextual connections in the lyrics by I. Elagin as evidence of the dialogic nature of his poems, their close connection with the Russian and world literary tradition. The article reveals the problem of detecting intertextual sources in the poetry of the second wave of emigration due to its poor study at the level of poetics, a partial solution of which is proposed in this publication. The novelty of the research lies in the detection of allusions and quotations that have not previously attracted the attention of researchers studying the work by I. Elagin. The aim of the study is to determine the allusive background of the Elagin's lyrics, which is necessary for the poet to organize a cultural dialogue with the metropolis of the literature. Based on the goal, the research methods were determined: the analysis of intertextual relations based on a comparative and historical-literary approach. In the course of the study, conclusions were drawn about the presence of a number of new, previously unnoticed allusive sources of Elagin's lyrics, consonant with his outlook of the emigrant poet, and also revealed the dialogical nature of his work, which is distinguished by the tragic outlook of a man of the new “neon age” - a time that does not accept poetry. In addition, it was determined that his intertextual dialogue with classics and contemporaries reveals the polemic and ambiguousness of his attitude to the new industrial age and, at the same time, faith in the unlimited possibilities of the poetic word, due to the fact that for Elagin, as a poet who formed abroad, it was important to define his own poetic genealogy and his place among Russian poets. As a research perspective, it should be noted the possibility of further consideration of the complex of intertextual connections of the poet, demonstrating his desire to be included in the circle of the “big” literature of the metropolis, to declare the uninterrupted tradition of Russian poetry, but at the same time showing a new look at them from the position of a “non-Soviet” person aesthetic space. Keywords; Ivan Elagin, poetry of the second wave of Russian emigration, intertextual connections, poetry of Russian emigration, literary allusion, traditions of Russian literature
Socio-Economic Management in Neplyuev’s Brotherhood: Education Ahead of Time
Authors: Melnyk Leonid Hr. , Shevel Anzhelika O. , Panchenko Iryna A. , Skrypka Yevhen O. , Sierik Tetiana S.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the foundations of educational innovations in the Krestovozdvszhensk Labor Brotherhood, which was founded by the famous philosopher, landowner and philanthropist N. N. Neplyuev in the 1880s, 30 km to North of Glukhov. It shows the socio-economic successes that the community could achieve in the production and social spheres. Educational innovations, due to which young brothers were brought up, are characterized: the need for constant practical application of innovative technologies and methods of work, reproduction of motives for self-learning and obtaining new knowledge, conditionality of constant decision-making, self-organization and self-government, etc. Methods of organization, social relations, approach to production activities along which the Brotherhood lived, days with the present. In particular, the focus of the Brotherhood's economy on the use of renewable resources and ensuring the sustainable state of adjacent ecosystems brings it closer to the goals and objectives of the Third Industrial Revolution, which is now taking place in the world. The priority of information production in the Brotherhood and its focus on the mechanization of labor processes make it clearer the logics of the modern Fourth Industrial Revolution clearer. And, finally, the invaluable achievement of the brothers is the priority they have achieved of a human personality development. This is what is now becoming essential in the light of the Fifth Industrial Revolution. It is especially noted that the Brotherhood, thanks to its educational system, managed to create a unique reproductive potential, which included: a system of necessary self-reproduction of human personalities; system of reproduction of the most effective use and reproduction of natural capital; system of reproduction of synergetic combination of human, natural and physical capitals.
Economic growth and conservation effort in the Congo Basin
Authors: Patrick Bakehe Novice , Hassan Roukiya
Published: March 2021

In a world increasingly subject to climate change, protected areas are of particular importance for conserving biodiversity and human livelihoods. Therefore, they play an important role in helping many species, populations, and countries adapt to climate change. This paper analyzes the effects of economic growth on the evolution of the protected areas. The study examines this relation using a sample of nine countries of the Congo Basin from 1990 to 2010. The econometric results show that an increase in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita has a positive impact on the extent of the protected area in this region regardless of the model chosen. Therefore, economic growth is a means used for the preservation of biodiversity in the Congo Basin. Moreover, the population density is negative and statistically significant. This shows that the protected areas of the Congo Basin are particularly threatened in densely populated areas.
World Trade Organization: Quo vadis?
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Sutyrin Sergei , Xueling Guan ,   Shenzhen Academy of Renmin University of China, Jovanovic Miroslav ,   University of Geneva, Mashayekhi Mina ,   Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Paugam Jean-Marie ,   Permanent Mission of France to the World Trade Organization, Portansky Alexey ,   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Smeets Maarten ,   Institute for Training and Technical Cooperation at the World Trade Organization
Published: March 2021

During last couple of years, the academic community, national civil servants in charge of trade policies, and employees of international economic organizations have intensively discussed reforming the World Trade Organization. All participants of the debate tend to agree that the system of multilateral trade regulation in its present form does not match expectations and requirements. There is less unanimity regarding the reasons that have resulted in the poor performance of the institution under review. As for possible ways to solve the problem, existing opinions differ dramatically. Both expert views and official proposals of WTO members (Canada, EU, Japan, China and some others) deal with prospects for the Doha round, modalities of future agreements, decision-making process, and a range of other questions waiting for uneasy answers.
The effect of sanctions on Russian agricultural imports
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Zhiryaeva Elena , Svetlov Nikolai ,   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

This paper contributes to the methodology of trade policy analysis, specifically to the assessments of non -tariff measures. To quantifying the effects of these measures, the proportion between the variables of two gravity equations, describing the situation before and after the embargo is used. The ratio of imports per unit of the supplier’s GDP over the two compared periods (2013 and 2017) is different for two groups of trade partners, one of which includes free-trade partners while the other spans the rest of the world (with some exceptions). In the presence of the embargo the gap in the average imports per unit of the supplier’s GDP between the two groups is wider. This is a consequence of the emergence of a new trade barrier. This gap allows us to indirectly quantify the trade bans via their tariff equivalent. In this study the methodology is applied to the case of food and agricultural imports. Fish, as well as other products outside chapters 1–24 of Harmonized commodity description and coding system, are excluded. The hypothesis of the study is that the impact of the embargo on the food and agricultural imports does not exceed that of tariff and phytosanitary measures. The study rejects this hypothesis and concludes that the embargo establishes a prohibitive level of protection.
Assessment of microbiological and physico-chemical characterıstics of water samples in households of Bangalore city, Karnataka, India
Authors: George Jessen , Nagaraja Siri Karthiyayani , A. Ajisha
Published: March 2021

Access to safe drinking water is one of the basic human rights and is essential to human health. The present study investigated the concentration of pathogenic microbial flora and health risk in drinking water samples in households of Bangalore city, Karnataka, India. The samples were analysed for microbiological and physico-chemical parameters. In this study, most probable number and heterotrophic plate count were used to assess the microbial load. The results of the study show that most of the household water samples were contaminated with the presence of coliform bacteria. The dominant bacterial species are Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella and Enterobacter. The bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae showed maximum occurrence in water samples. The overall results of the study showed that the consumption of such contaminated drinking water at the end-user point may cause potential health hazards to the inhabitants.
The sustainable use of groundwater resources concerning further climate change scenarios in Ulaanbaatar City Area, Mongolia
Authors: Dechinlkhundev Dorjsuren , Zorigt Munkhtsetseg , Dorjsuren Ijiltsetseg
Published: March 2021

To estimate groundwater resources under changing climate is one of the important issues for Ulaanbaatar City in the Tuul river basin of Mongolia. The main water supply is provided from groundwater and demand has been increasing due to the rapid growth of population and economic development. There have not been any complete studies to assess climate change impact on groundwater resources for Ulaanbaatar city. Therefore, in this study we proposed to estimate future potential resources of the groundwater from the main wellfields in the city using the AnAqSim (Analytic Aquifer Simulator) model. The model calibration was performed on 10 wellfields during the reference period from 1960 to 2015. Based on the reliable calibration results for the natural conditions, the impact of climate change on groundwater resources was assessed to use the projected HadCM3 scenario for the periods 2046–2065 and 2080–2099. The results of the study contribute to a water management plan for the city to recommend seasonal abstraction.
A note on commensurability induced by oblateness at L3
Authors: Sharma Ram Krishan , Jency Arantza
Published: March 2021

t is known that there exists a near one-to-one commensurability ratio between the planar angular frequencies (s1,2,3) and the corresponding angular frequency (sz) in the z-direction at the three collinear points (L1,2,3) in the three-dimensional restricted three-body problem. It is significant for small and practically important values of the mass parameter (μ). In this note we have used a new mean motion expression which includes the secular effects of oblateness on argument of perigee, right ascension of ascending node and mean anomaly[1], which was used in the studies[2,3,4,5]. We establish that there is ono-to-one commensurability at the external points L3 (to the right of the more massive primary), when the more massive primary is considered as an oblate spheroid with its equatorial plane coincident with the plane of motion. This study will be useful in generating the halo orbits at L3. For Saturn-Titan system, the values of the μ and oblateness coefficient (A1) are 0.000236695 and 0.000039653936, respectively [1].It is interesting to note that the value of A1 obtained for one-to-one commensurability is 0.0000344978 for this system, which is very close to the actual value. Thus, halo orbits of small size can be generated in Saturn-Titan system at L3.
Polscy weterani Rewolucji węgierskiej (1848-1849) Dowódcami Powstania Styczniowego (1863-1864)
Authors: Buława Adam
Published: March 2021

Weterani Węgierskiej Wiosny Ludów (1848-1849) dowodzili kilkunastoma oddziałami zbrojnymi Powstania Styczniowego. Na personalnych przykładach przeanalizowano sztukę wojenną kilku kategorii insurekcyjnych dowódców z tego proweniencyjnego kręgu: a) wyróżniających się udanymi kampaniami; b) na dobrym poziomie, lecz znanych z jednego samodzielnego starcia; c) stopniowo nabywających doświadczenia; d) tych, którym okoliczności uniemożliwiły zademonstrowanie pełni umiejętności; e) budzących wielkie oczekiwania i okazujących się wielkim rozczarowaniem.
Organizacja i służba polskich formacji etapowych w wojnie polsko-ukraińskiej XI 1918- VII 1919 r.
Authors: Odziemkowski Janusz
Published: March 2021

Od pierwszych dni wojny polsko-ukraińskiej 1918/19 r. dowództwo polskie przystąpiło do formowania oddziałów, których zadaniem była osłona tyłów frontu. Formowane niemal wyłącznie z ochotników, pozostające zawsze w cieniu wojsk liniowych, odegrały w pierwszej fazie wojny kluczową rolę w zabezpieczeniu zaplecza oddziałów polskich, ubezpieczaniu linii kolejowych, wśród nich najbardziej newralgicznej i ważnej dla losów konfliktu kolei łączącej Lwów z Przemyślem, którą przesyłano zaopatrzenie do oblężonego przez Ukraińców miasta. Wiosną i latem 1919 r., podczas decydujących bojów zabezpieczały zdobycz wojenną, obsadzały zdobyte miejscowości, pomagały organizować zaplecze frontu.
Średniowieczna architektura kościoła parafialnego w Głubczycach od II połowy XIII do początków XVI wieku
Authors: Legendziewicz Andrzej
Published: March 2021

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań kościoła parafialnego p.w Narodzenia NMP w Głubczycach. We wstępie przedstawiono analizę źródeł pisanych i ikonograficznych oraz omówiono aktualną literaturę. Na podstawie badań architektonicznych i analizy porównawczej uznano, że pierwszy kościół został prawdopodobnie zbudowany w trzeciej ćwierci XIII wieku i złożony był z prostokątnego dwuprzęsłowego prezbiterium, zakrystii i trójnawowego korpusu bazylikowego z niedokończonym masywem wieżowym. Patronat nad świątynią przekazano Zakonowi Rycerskiego Szpitala Św. Jana w Jerozolimie w 1279 roku.  Prawdopodobnie w pierwszej połowie XIV wieku powiększono prezbiterium, a korpus przekształcono nadając mu układ halowy z portalami zachodnimi i południowymi. Po opuszczeniu świątyni przez joannitów w 1526 roku w 1579 r. wzniesiono wieżę południową, zwieńczoną renesansowym hełmem.
The school legislation of the Catholic Church in the Hussitian times
Authors: Ratajczak Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

The aim of the paper is to show the state and changes in the school legislation of the Catholic Church in the crucial period of its history, between 1378 and 1477. The focus of the analysis is especially on the acts of law decreed by the popes, on the canons of the councils, but also on the ius particulare of those ecclesiastical provinces that were affected by the Hussite movement. Also, factors influencing the ecclesiastical law in the realm of education are analysed, such as political, social, economic besides religious. Very important was the question if the changes could be controlled or inspired by the Church or whether the changes of the school legislation were only meant to preserve the status quo.
Czy na pewno UT SUPRA? Sylwetka duchowa św. Jana z Kęt w parenetycznej narracji Fabiana Birkowskiego
Authors: Rowińska-Szczepaniak Maria
Published: March 2021

Artykuł stanowi próbę rekonstrukcji duchowej sylwetki św. Jana z Kęt, jaka wyłania się z poświęconej mu łacińskiej mowy Fabiana Birkowskiego. W swojej literackiej narracji XVII-wieczny kaznodzieja odwołuje się m.in. do mających stanowić życiową dewizę średniowiecznego profesora słów Ut supra. Przypisywanie Janowi z Kęt powyższego wyrażenia było jednak błędem. Jak wykazane zostaje w niniejszym tekście, wynikał on z niewłaściwego odczytania wspomnianych słów podczas lektury tłumaczenia Kroniki Macieja Miechowity, które Piotr Skarga dołączył do Żywotu świętego. Błąd ten jest o tyle istotny, że popełnili go również inni twórcy, przez co słowa te wpisały się w dzieje kultu krakowskiego profesora.
Anglicans, Presbyterians, Quakers and other British Religious Groups in Gdansk in the 17th-18th Centuries
Authors: Kościelak Sławomir
Published: March 2021

This article presents the religious aspects of the community of emigrants from the British Isles, mainly Scots, in Gdańsk. They tried to provide for their religious needs already in the Middle Ages, as evidenced by the existence of chapels and altars in some of the churches in Gdansk. After the success of the Reformation, mainly Scottish Presbyterians settled in Gdansk. Clergymen from their home country were brought in for their ministry. Both the Presbyterian clergy and the wealthy Scottish merchant elite of this denomination ruled the sacred building acquired in 1707, called the English Church. However, only few of the Presbyterians living in Gdansk identified with this building - according to legal arrangements, having the character of an “ethnic” temple - together with the Anglicans. Most Scots - by entering into family relationships - slowly melted into the community of the city on the Motława, using other Calvinist facilities. In addition to Presbyterians and very few Anglicans and Catholics there, English radicals, Chialists and Quakers, also tried to settle in Gdansk, but the city's unfavourable legislation and deterrent actions effectively prevented this transfer.
Öğretmen Adaylarında Kariyer Yetkinlik Beklentisi ve Mesleki Sonuç Beklentisi: Kariyer Stresinin Aracı Rolü
Authors: Gürpınar Aybala Ceylin , Emül Büşra , Siyez Diğdem
Published: March 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı öğretmen adaylarının kariyer yetkinlik beklentisi ve mesleki sonuç beklentisi arasındaki ilişkide kariyer stresinin aracı rolünün incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini bir devlet üniversitesinde lisans eğitimine devam eden 377 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak; Mesleki Sonuç Beklentileri Ölçeği, Kariyer Kararı Yetkinlik Beklentisi Ölçeği Kısa Formu, Kariyer Stresi Ölçeği ve kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Yapısal eşitlik modeli sonucu elde edilen bulgular, kariyer kararı yetkinlik beklentisi ve mesleki sonuç beklentisi arasındaki ilişkide kariyer stresinin kısmi aracı role sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak öğretmen adaylarının mesleki sonuç beklentilerini geliştirmek amacıyla yapılacak kariyer müdahalelerinde kariyer yetkinlik beklentisi ile birlikte kariyer stresinin de ele alınması önerilmektedir.
Improved Awareness of Tuberculosis Infection in Advanced Stage Chronic Renal Disease Could Reduce Cases of Active TB: Lessons from Four Challenging Cases
Authors:   Consultant Respiratory Physician Kingston Hospital , Galsworthy Road , Kingston Upon Thames KT2 7QB, Mahendran Siva , Chowdhury Paramit , Breen Ronan , d’Ancona Grainne , Milburn Heather J.
Published: March 2021

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) compared to those with normal renal function. The reasons for this are well described, but include impaired cellular immunity, a high incidence of co-morbid conditions as well as the concomitant use of immunosuppressive medications. Ethnicity as well as socio-economic factors also prevail. Expert guidelines recommend TB chemoprophylaxis in renal transplant recipients deemed at high risk – invariably those from ethnic minorities or recent arrivals from areas with high endemic rates of TB. However, in most renal centres within the UK including our own, high risk patients with advanced CKD (stages 4 and 5) are not routinely screened for latent TB infection (LTBI) prior to transplantation, thus contributing to missed opportunities for preventing TB disease. We report four challenging cases of patients diagnosed with TB disease on a background of advanced CKD, who all presented within an 18-month period whilst under the care of a large tertiary renal centre. Two of the cases were patients with well-functioning renal transplants and two were on renal replacement therapy. We describe our experience and share practical considerations on how to manage TB in CKD including the role of therapeutic drug monitoring in peritoneal dialysis. These cases highlight the need for a better awareness of the possibility of TB reactivation and underscore the arguments in favour of screening programmes for LTBI in patients with advanced CKD.
A Simple Ventilator Designed To Be Used in Shortage Crises: Construction and Verification Testing (Preprint)
Authors: Akerib Daniel S , Ames Andrew , Breidenbach Martin , Bressack Michael , Breur Pieter A , Charles Eric , Gaba David M , Herbst Ryan , Ignarra Christina M , Luitz Steffen , Miller Eric H , Mong Brian , Shutt Tom A , Wittgen Matthias
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the possibility of severe ventilator shortages in the near future.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to develop an acute shortage ventilator.

METHODS

The ventilator was designed to mechanically compress a self-inflating bag resuscitator, using a modified ventilator patient circuit, which is controlled by a microcontroller and an optional laptop. It was designed to operate in both volume-controlled mode and pressure-controlled assist modes. We tested the ventilator in 4 modes using an artificial lung while measuring the volume, flow, and pressure delivered over time by the ventilator.

RESULTS

The ventilator was successful in reaching the desired tidal volume and respiratory rates specified in national emergency use resuscitator system guidelines. The ventilator responded to simulated spontaneous breathing.

CONCLUSIONS

The key design goals were achieved. We developed a simple device with high performance for short-term use, made primarily from common hospital parts and generally available nonmedical components to avoid any compatibility or safety issues with the patient, and at low cost, with a unit cost per ventilator is less than $400 US excluding the patient circuit parts, that can be easily manufactured.

CLINICALTRIAL
Application of latent class analysis in assessing the mental health of medical students during the COVID-19 Epidemic (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Fei
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency that has caused worldwide concern. The mental health of medical students under the COVID-19 epidemic has attracted much attention.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to identify subgroups of medical students based on mental health status and explore the influencing factors during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.

METHODS

A total of 29,663 medical students were recruited during the epidemic of COVID-19 in China. Latent class analysis of the mental health of medical students was performed using M-plus software to identify subtypes of medical students. The latent class subtypes were compared using the chi-square test. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between identified classes and related factors.

RESULTS

In this study, three distinct subgroups were identified, namely, the high-risk group, the low-risk group and the normal group. Therefore, medical students can be divided into three latent classes, and the number of students in each class is 4325, 9321 and 16,017. The multinomial logistic regression results showed that compared with the normal group, the factors influencing mental health in the high-risk group were insomnia, perceived stress, family psychiatric disorders, fear of being infected, drinking, individual psychiatric disorders, sex, educational level and knowledge of COVID-19, according to the intensity of influence from high to low.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggested that latent class analysis can be used to categorize different medical students according to their mental health subgroup during the outbreak of COVID-19. The main factors influencing the high-risk group and low-risk group are basic demographic characteristics, disease history, COVID-19 related factors and behavioral lifestyle, among which insomnia and perceived stress have the greatest impact. School administrative departments could utilize more specific measures on the basis of different subgroups, and provide targeted measures.
A New Remote Guided Method for Supervised Web-Based Cognitive Testing to Ensure High-Quality Data: Development and Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Leong Victoria , Raheel Kausar , Sim Jia Yi , Kacker Kriti , Karlaftis Vasilis M , Vassiliu Chrysoula , Kalaivanan Kastoori , Chen S H Annabel , Robbins Trevor W , Sahakian Barbara J , Kourtzi Zoe
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

The global COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a fundamental reexamination of how human psychological research can be conducted safely and robustly in a new era of digital working and physical distancing. Online web-based testing has risen to the forefront as a promising solution for the rapid mass collection of cognitive data without requiring human contact. However, a long-standing debate exists over the data quality and validity of web-based studies. This study examines the opportunities and challenges afforded by the societal shift toward web-based testing and highlights an urgent need to establish a standard data quality assurance framework for online studies.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop and validate a new supervised online testing methodology, remote guided testing (RGT).

METHODS

A total of 85 healthy young adults were tested on 10 cognitive tasks assessing executive functioning (flexibility, memory, and inhibition) and learning. Tasks were administered either face-to-face in the laboratory (n=41) or online using remote guided testing (n=44) and delivered using identical web-based platforms (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, Inquisit, and i-ABC). Data quality was assessed using detailed trial-level measures (missed trials, outlying and excluded responses, and response times) and overall task performance measures.

RESULTS

The results indicated that, across all data quality and performance measures, RGT data was statistically-equivalent to in-person data collected in the lab (P>.40 for all comparisons). Moreover, RGT participants out-performed the lab group on measured verbal intelligence (P<.001), which could reflect test environment differences, including possible effects of mask-wearing on communication.

CONCLUSIONS

These data suggest that the RGT methodology could help ameliorate concerns regarding online data quality—particularly for studies involving high-risk or rare cohorts—and offer an alternative for collecting high-quality human cognitive data without requiring in-person physical attendance.