bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRABALHO E SAÚDE: UM OLHAR SOBRE A INCIDÊNCIA DESSAS TEMÁTICAS NOS CURSOS DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE UNIVERSIDADES FEDERAIS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Silva Fernanda Rodrigues da , Ghizoni Liliam Deisy , Emmendoerfer Magnus Luiz
Published: September 2015

Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar nos currículos dos cursos de graduação em Administração de Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior no Brasil a presença de conteúdos relacionados a trabalho e saúde, focados nas transformações do mundo do trabalho e nas vivências de prazer-sofrimento dos trabalhadores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa interdisciplinar de âmbito nacional, realizada em duas etapas: a primeira efetuada via internet junto aos sites das instituições e a segunda consistindo-se na aplicação de um instrumento com os professores dos cursos de Administração dessas Instituições. Os dados revelam que os alunos de Administração não estão preparados para lidarem com as implicações do dimensionamento da relação saúde e trabalho, conforme mostra o resultado da Escala Likert: muito preparados (1%), preparados (6%), razoavelmente preparados (32%), pouco preparados (50%) e nada preparados (10%). Os dados apontaram que os cursos de Administração abordam os conteúdos relacionados a trabalho e saúde ainda de forma limitada, pontual e dispersa. A pesquisa revelou que os cursos de Administração teriam a ganhar se dedicando mais à escuta das ciências humanas para a formação do administrador. Em linhas gerais, acredita-se que esta pesquisa contribuirá para a formação de futuros administradores menos alienados e mais preparados para lidar com as questões emblemáticas do mundo do trabalho e suscitará a discussão da necessidade de inserir e expandir, nos projetos pedagógicos, disciplinas direcionadas para desenvolver o olhar crítico dos novos gestores sobre as relações de trabalho na contemporaneidade.
APRENDIZAGEM SOCIOPRÁTICA E INDIVIDUAL-COGNITIVA NA EMPRESA JÚNIOR BRASILEIRA
Authors: Dos-Santos Marcos Gilberto , Pereira Fernanda Almeida , Souza-Silva Jader Cristino , Rivera-Castro Miguel Angel
Published: September 2015

Estudantes de graduação em Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, notadamente em Administração, têm se reunido em torno de empresas juniores, uma estratégia que os permite aliar a teoria aprendida no curso superior com as habilidades provenientes da atuação prática. Nesse contexto, a aprendizagem pode ocorrer por meio de modalidades mais aderentes a uma abordagem individual-cognitivista, como treinamento, leitura de textos e acesso a bancos de dados, ou por meio de modalidades oriundas de uma abordagem de cunho socioprático, como comunidades de prática, mentoria, treinamento on-the-job e interações casuais. O objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar qual abordagem traz uma maior contribuição ao aprendizado dos empresários juniores. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma metodologia quantitativa, com aplicação de 118 questionários a estudantes de 14 Estados do Brasil, seguido de análise fatorial exploratória e regressão multivariada. Os principais resultados indicam que as modalidades oriundas da abordagem socioprática possibilitam um maior aprendizado, com destaque para a mentoria, que pode ser de professores ou de colegas mais experientes, como a modalidade mais eficaz nesse contexto.
QUAL A REMUNERAÇÃO JUSTA PARA O TRABALHADOR? O CASO DO HOTEL ALABAMA
Authors: Stadler Adriano , Pampolini Cláudia Patrícia Garcia , Marinho Sidnei Vieira , Alberton Anete
Published: September 2015

A aplicação de métodos de remuneração variável como a participação nos lucros e resultados é uma medida corporativa que cria alternativas para envolver os colaboradores, possibilitando um maior comprometimento no resultado global das organizações. O caso do hotel Alabama apresenta o dilema de Maurício, que precisa decidir a forma mais adequada de utilizar a remuneração variável, pois há conflitos entre os colaboradores que se sentem injustiçados com o atual sistema de rateio. Desta forma, o presente caso para ensino tem por objetivo: 1) apresentar a remuneração variável como um fator que possibilite gerar maior comprometimento e produtividade na empresa; 2) refletir sobre a eficácia da distribuição dos lucros e resultados levando em conta os diferentes cargos e níveis hierárquicos na empresa; 3) estabelecer alternativas para recompensar os colaboradores em substituição da taxa de serviço com a proposta de distribuição por pontos hoteleiros.
Gourmet babies: French accents in American baby food
Authors: Dunne Sara Lewis , Egan Chrys
Published: September 2015

Twentieth-century American parenting and pediatric norms dictated that babies transition from breast milk or formula to solids through a specific progression of flavourless foods. The pre-packaged baby food paradigm started shifting in the 1960s– 1970s when Americans were questioning everything and returning to nature. Baby food, both home-made and commercial, began including a broader range of tastes, textures and flavours. Over the past 40–50 years, American adults have grown in their awareness of gourmet, ethnic and organic foods, not only for themselves but for their babies. The current trend of French influences on American parenting and food choices supports the reawakening trend in the United States of savouring food for pleasure, enjoying home-cooked meals, and demanding diverse high-quality commercial foods, not only for adults but for children as well. This French-infused American food renaissance is reflected in rapidly declining sales of traditional US baby food products, and the subsequent industry reinvention to meet new demands. Baby foods now include pomegranate, kale, quinoa, spices, and other ingredients that were not available in mass-marketed baby foods a decade ago.
Cooking with Hannibal: Food, liminality and monstrosity in Hannibal
Authors: Fuchs Michael
Published: September 2015

Food plays a central role in the NBC show Hannibal, Bryan Fuller’s recent re-imagination of the well-known tale about a serial-killing psychiatrist named Dr Hannibal Lecter. This article traces food’s path from procurement via preparation to its consumption. Along this path, the article highlights how the show constantly questions binaries by intelligently interconnecting the eponymous character, who happens to be a cannibal, to his relation to food. In the end, this article demonstrates that food, a liminal object that enters the human body from the outside, is a remarkably potent semiotic vehicle for relating a story about a human monster who rejects and yet, surprisingly, at the same time reinforces cultural boundaries.
Means to increase the therapeutic efficiency of magnetic heating of tumors
Authors: Kettering Melanie , Grau Ina , Pömpner Nadine , Stapf Marcus , Gajda Mieczyslaw , Teichgräber Ulf , Hilger Ingrid
Published: September 2015

The treatment of tumors
Low serum sclerostin levels in newborns with vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Pirgon Ozgur , Sandal Gonca , Cetin Hasan , Dundar Bumin
Published: September 2015

Sclerostin is a glycoprotein produced by osteocytes that is being evaluated as a potential clinical marker of bone turnover. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between neonatal vitamin D status and levels of circulating sclerostin.

Forty newborns were recruited for the study. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] concentration <20 ng/mL and the newborns were divided into two groups as vitamin D deficient and vitamin D sufficient groups. Calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and sclerostin were measured at birth.

Newborns with vitamin D deficiency had markedly lower 25(OH)D levels than vitamin D sufficient newborns (8.5±4.4 ng/mL vs. 35.3±10.6 ng/mL, p<0.001). Vitamin D deficient infants also had significantly lower serum sclerostin levels (188.4±21.9 vs. 282.3±30.4 pg/mL; p: 0.026) than vitamin D sufficient newborns at birth. However, we did not detect a significant linear association between neonatal sclerostin and maternal/neonatal 25(OH)D levels.

Our data also demonstrated that vitamin D deficient newborns exhibited lower sclerostin levels than vitamin D sufficient newborns. The low sclerostin level might serve as a marker of decreased osteocyte activity in newborns with vitamin D deficiency.
First- and fifth-minute Apgar scores of 0–3 and infant mortality: a population-based study in São Paulo State of Brazil
Authors: Viau Ângela Cristina , Kawakami Mandira Daripa , Teixeira Monica La Porte , Waldvogel Bernadette Cunha , Guinsburg Ruth , de Almeida Maria Fernanda Branco
Published: September 2015

To determine the infant mortality of newborns with 1- and 5-min Apgar scores of 0–3.

Population cohort study with neonates with birth weight ≥400 g, gestational age ≥22 weeks and 1- and 5-min Apgar scores of 0–3, without malformations, born in São Paulo State (Brazil) from January 2006 to December 2007. Apgar scores were confirmed in the original certificates of live births and/or medical records. During this period, among 1,027,132 live births, 1640 met the study criteria, with an incidence of 1.6 per 1000 live births. When the 5-min Apgar score was 0, 1, 2 and 3, the infant mortality rate was 97%, 94%, 64% and 47%, respectively. Risk factors associated with infant deaths were 5-min Apgar score of 0 or 1 [odds ratio (OR) 16.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.1–24.8], birth weight <2500 g (OR 7.5, 95% CI 5.7–9.8), birth at hospitals outside the state capital (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.3), in private or charitable hospitals (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.0), and during the night shift (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0–1.7).

For infants with 1- and 5-min Apgar scores of 0–3, the infant mortality is high. Besides the biological variables associated with the chance of dying, the organization of the perinatal care influences the outcome.
Disparity in post-treatment maternal circulating magnesium sulfate levels between twin and singleton gestation: Is this the missing link between plurality and adverse outcome?
Authors: Marom-Haham Lilach , Mazaki-Tovi Shali , Zilberman Itamar , Kalter Anat , Haas Jigal , Sivan Eyal , Schiff Eyal , Yinon Yoav
Published: September 2015

Magnesium sulfate (MgSO

Case control study including two groups of pregnant women who received intravenous MgSO

Maternal serum levels of magnesium were significantly lower among patients with twin gestations compared to those with singleton ones 6 h after initiation of treatment (4.6 vs. 4.8 mg/dL, P=0.003). In addition, the rate of pregnant women who obtained therapeutic levels 6 h after initiation of treatment was significantly lower in twin gestations than in singleton ones (36% vs. 58%, P=0.008). Multiple regression analysis revealed that twin gestations were independently and significantly associated with low maternal serum magnesium levels.

Maternal serum concentrations of magnesium are lower in twin pregnancies than in singleton ones following MgSO
The association of first trimester bleeding with preterm delivery
Authors: Szymusik Iwona , Bartnik Pawel , Wypych Klaudia , Kolaczkowska Halszka , Kosinska-Kaczynska Katarzyna , Wielgos Miroslaw
Published: September 2015

Preterm birth (PTB) is a predictor of perinatal morbidity and mortality, and prematurity continues to burden public healthcare with growing expenses. First trimester bleeding (FTB) has a well-known association with PTB; however, the relationship with severity of PTB is less obvious.

The primary aim of the study was to analyze the influence of FTB on the risk and severity of PTB, as well as to assess the connection of FTB and other pregnancy complications.

It was an observational case control study. The material consisted of medical records of patients who delivered between 2010 and 2013. Two groups were formed – 497 women with FTB and 500 women without bleeding.

Women with FTB were more likely to deliver preterm in general (OR=2.11; 95% CI 1.43–3.10). The risk of extremely PTB (<28 weeks) was almost four-fold (OR=3.76; 95% CI 0.97–17.06) and very PTB (28–31 weeks) more than three-fold (OR=3.41; 95% CI 0.86–15.69). FTB increased the risk of placenta previa (OR=4.81; 95% CI 1.29–20.53; P=0.007).

FTB is a risk factor of PTB and is associated with greater risk of PTB-related pregnancy complications. Management of FTB pregnancies should include thorough screening for both preterm delivery and placental pathologies.
Rapid modulation of hypothalamic Kiss1 levels by the suckling stimulus in the lactating rat
Authors: Higo Shimpei , Aikawa Satoko , Iijima Norio , Ozawa Hitoshi
Published: September 2015

In mammals, lactation suppresses GnRH/LH secretion resulting in transient infertility. In rats, GnRH/LH secretion is rescued within 18–48 h after pup separation (PS) and rapidly re-suppressed by subsequent re-exposure of pups. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying these rapid modulations, changes in the expression of kisspeptin, a stimulator of GnRH secretion, in several lactating conditions (normal-lactating; 4-h PS; 18-h PS; 4-h PS +1-h re-exposure of pups; non-lactating) were examined usingin situhybridization. PS for 4 h or 18 h increasedKiss1expressing neurons in both the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC), and subsequent exposure of pups re-suppressedKiss1in the AVPV. A change inKiss1expression was observed prior to the reported time of the change in GnRH/LH, indicating that the change in GnRH/LH results from changes in kisspeptin. We further examined the mechanisms underlying the rapid modulation ofKiss1. We first investigated the possible involvement of ascending sensory input during the suckling stimulus. Injection of the anterograde tracer to the subparafascicular parvocellular nucleus (SPFpc) in the midbrain, which relays the suckling stimulus, revealed direct neuronal connections between the SPFpc and kisspeptin neurons in both the AVPV and ARC. We also examined the possible involvement of prolactin (PRL). Administration of PRL for 1 h suppressedKiss1expression in the AVPV but not in the ARC. These results indicate that suckling stimulus rapidly modulatesKiss1expression directly via neuronal connections and indirectly through serum PRL, resulting in modulation in GnRH/LH secretion.
Single-Nucleotide-Specific Targeting of the Tf1 Retrotransposon Promoted by the DNA-Binding Protein Sap1 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Hickey Anthony , Esnault Caroline , Majumdar Anasuya , Chatterjee Atreyi Ghatak , Iben James R , McQueen Philip G , Yang Andrew X , Mizuguchi Takeshi , Grewal Shiv I S , Levin Henry L
Published: September 2015

Transposable elements (TEs) constitute a substantial fraction of the eukaryotic genome and, as a result, have a complex relationship with their host that is both adversarial and dependent. To minimize damage to cellular genes, TEs possess mechanisms that target integration to sequences of low importance. However, the retrotransposon Tf1 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe integrates with a surprising bias for promoter sequences of stress-response genes. The clustering of integration in specific promoters suggests that Tf1 possesses a targeting mechanism that is important for evolutionary adaptation to changes in environment. We report here that Sap1, an essential DNA-binding protein, plays an important role in Tf1 integration. A mutation in Sap1 resulted in a 10-fold drop in Tf1 transposition, and measures of transposon intermediates support the argument that the defect occurred in the process of integration. Published ChIP-Seq data on Sap1 binding combined with high-density maps of Tf1 integration that measure independent insertions at single-nucleotide positions show that 73.4% of all integration occurs at genomic sequences bound by Sap1. This represents high selectivity because Sap1 binds just 6.8% of the genome. A genome-wide analysis of promoter sequences revealed that Sap1 binding and amounts of integration correlate strongly. More important, an alignment of the DNA-binding motif of Sap1 revealed integration clustered on both sides of the motif and showed high levels specifically at positions +19 and −9. These data indicate that Sap1 contributes to the efficiency and position of Tf1 integration.
ABO/Rh Blood Groups and Risk of HIV Infection and Hepatitis B among Blood Donors of Abidjan, Côte D’Ivoire
Authors: Siransy Liliane Kouabla , Nanga Zizendorf Yves , Zaba Flore Sandrine , Tufa Nyasenu Yawo , Dasse Sery Romuald
Published: September 2015

Hepatitis B and HIV infection are two viral infections that represent real global public health problems. In order to improve their management, some hypotheses suggest that genetic predispositions like ABO and Rh blood groups would influence the occurrence of these diseases.

The aim of the present study was to examine the association between ABO and Rhesus blood groups and the susceptibility to HIV infection and hepatitis B.

We conducted a cross-sectional and analytical study in a population of voluntary blood donors in the Blood Transfusion Center of Abidjan. All blood donors who donated blood between January and June 2014 were tested for HBs antigen and anti-HIV antibodies (ELISA tests) and were ABO typed.

The total number of examined blood donors during this period was 45,538, of which 0.32% and 8.07% were respectively infected with HIV and hepatitis B virus. O-group donors were more infected than non-O donors.

Our study is an outline concerning the search for a link between ABO and Rh blood groups and hepatitis B and HIV infection. Further studies should be conducted to confirm the interaction between these two infections and contribute to the search for new therapeutic approaches.
Schwerwiegende Komplikationen nach nicht bestimmungsgemäßer Anwendung von Octenidindihydrochlorid
Authors: Kramer M. , Thiel C. , Kaiser S.
Published: September 2015

Gegenstand: Vorgestellt werden vier Hunde, bei denen tiefergehende Bissverletzungen mit Octenidindihydrochlorid-haltigen Wundspüllösungen (Octenivet® bzw. Octenisept®) gespült wurden und die in der Folge schwerwiegende lokale Komplikationen entwickelten. Material und Methoden: Retrospektive Auswertung der klinischen Symptomatik, der weiterführenden Diagnostik, der Therapie und des Krankheitsverlaufes. Ergebnisse: Bei vier Hunden traten nach Anwendung von Octenidindihydrochlorid-haltigen Wundspüllösungen hochgradige Gewebsnekrosen und persistierende Ödeme auf. Die klinische Symptomatik entspricht in der Humanmedizin beschriebenen Krankheitsverläufen. Die Therapie gestaltet sich langwierig und kann durch sekundäre Wundinfektionen kompliziert werden. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die Spülung von tieferen Wunden, insbesondere von Bissverletzungen, mit Octenidindihydrochlorid ohne Abflussmöglichkeit der Lösung kann zu persistierenden Ödemen, Entzündungsreaktionen und Gewebsnekrosen führen. Die nicht bestimmungsgemäße Anwendung von Octenidindihydrochlorid zur Wundspülung muss in der Veterinärmedizin vermieden werden.
Water distribuition characteristics and soil loss of LEPA Quad-Spray emitter nozzles
Authors: Ribeiro Moises S. , Lima Luiz A. , Colombo Alberto , Caldeira Ana C. D. M. , Faria Fabio H. de S.
Published: September 2015

The objective of this study was to characterize water application rate, water application pattern width, flow rate, water distribution uniformity and soil loss caused by nozzles of the Low Energy Precision Aplication (LEPA) type Quad-Spray emitter. The study was carried out at the Hydraulic and Irrigation Laboratory of the Department of Engineering at the Federal University of Lavras, in Lavras, state of Minas Gerais - MG, Brazil. Twenty-two (22) LEPA Quad-Spray emitter nozzles were evaluated, with nozzle diameter ranging from 1.59 to 9.92 mm. The experimental design used was entirely randomized, with three replications.Increasing values of nozzle flow rate ranging from 77.44 up to 3,044 L h-1, were obtained with increasing nozzle diameter sizes. Application pattern width ranged from 0.56 up to 3.24m, according to nozzles diameter size. Low values of CDU (maximum of 35.73%) were observed when using the Quad-Spray nozzles. Observed average water application rates covered the range between 68.05 mm h-1 (the lowest value that was obtained with the 2.38mm nozzle) and 258.15 mm h-1 (the highest value that was observed with the 9.92 mm). Average water application rates increased in a simple non-linear function with the increase of nozzle size diameter. However, the weighted average increase in the amount of soil loss by erosion was not related to the increase of weighted average water application values.
Water storage in wetted strips under irrigated coffee trees with different criteria of irrigation management
Authors: Colombo Alberto , Alvarenga Lívia A. , Scalco Myriane S. , Ribeiro Randal C. , Abreu Giselle F.
Published: September 2015

The increasing demand for water resources accentuates the need to reduce water waste through a more appropriate irrigation management. In the particular case of irrigated coffee planting, which in recent years presented growth with the predominance of drip irrigation, the improvement of drip irrigation management techniques is a necessity. The proper management of drip irrigation depends on the knowledge of the spatial pattern of soil moisture distribution inside the wetted strip formed under the irrigation lines. In this study, grids of 24 tensiometers were used to determine the water storage within the wetted strip formed under drippers, with a 3.78 L h-1 discharge, evenly spaced by 0.4 m, subjected to two different management criteria (fixed irrigation interval and 60 kPa tension). Estimates of storage based on a one-dimensional analysis, that only considers depth variations, were compared with two-dimensional estimates. The results indicate that for high-frequency irrigation the one-dimensional analysis is not appropriate. However, under less frequent irrigation, the two-dimensional analysis is dispensable, being the one-dimensional sufficient for calculating the water volume stored in the wetted strip.
Afatinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring Uncommon EGFR Mutations Pretreated With Reversible EGFR Inhibitors
Authors: Heigener David F. , Schumann Christian , Sebastian Martin , Sadjadian Parvis , Stehle Ingo , Märten Angela , Lüers Anne , Griesinger Frank , Scheffler Matthias ,   for the Afatinib Compassionate Use Consortium (ACUC)
Published: September 2015

Background.

Afatinib, an irreversible ErbB family blocker, is approved for treatment of patients with previously untreated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Efficacy of afatinib in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-naïve (TKI-naïve) patients with uncommon EGFR mutations (other than exon 19 deletions or exon 21 point mutations) has been reported; however, efficacy in TKI-pretreated patients with uncommon EGFR mutations is unknown.

Materials and Methods.

In the afatinib compassionate use program (CUP), patients with advanced or metastatic, histologically confirmed NSCLC progressing after at least one line of chemotherapy and one line of EGFR-TKI treatment were enrolled. Demographic data, mutation type, response rates, time to treatment failure (TTF), and safety in patients harboring uncommon EGFR mutations were reported.

Results.

In 60 patients (63% female, median age 63 years [range: 30–84 years]), a total of 66 uncommon EGFR mutations including 30 T790M mutations were reported (18.4% and 11%, respectively, of known EGFR mutations within the CUP). Most patients (67%) received afatinib as third- or fourth-line treatment. Median TTF was 3.8 months (range: 0.2 to >24.6 months; p = .244) in patients with uncommon mutations compared with 5.1 months (range: 0.1 to >21.1 months) in patients with common mutations (n = 165). Pronounced activity was observed with E709X mutations (TTF >12 months). No new safety signals were detected.

Conclusion.

Afatinib is clinically active and well tolerated in many TKI-pretreated NSCLC patients harboring uncommon EGFR mutations. Compared with results reported in TKI-naïve patients, activity was also indicated in patients with T790M and exon 20 insertion mutations.

Implications for Practice:

This analysis consists of a large database of non-small cell lung cancer patients with uncommon EGFR mutations who were previously treated with reversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Although indirectly assessed, the results indicate that patients with uncommon EGFR mutations can derive benefit from treatment with the irreversible ErbB family blocker afatinib, even in some cases of tumors harboring resistance-mediating exon 20 mutations. In this study, adverse events were modest and consistent with previous reports on afatinib.
Food Security in South Asia: Status, Challenges and Policy Considerations
Authors: Hossain Mahabub
Published: September 2015

South Asia has made substantial progress in increasing production of rice and wheat, the staple food in the region. India and Pakistan has become major rice exporting countries and have eliminated the import of wheat. Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal has also reduced import dependence on rice. But, poverty levels are still high, and many people cannot access food from the market. Child mal‐nutrition in the region is still among the highest in the world. The region must continue to focus on development and diffusion of improved technologies, particularly for the rainfed regions, and improved nutrition through diversification of food and improved childcare.
Hunter-Gatherers’ Self-Governance: Untying the Traditional Authority of Chiefs from the Western Toba Civil Association
Authors: Mendoza Marcela
Published: September 2015

The Integral Law for Aborigines (426/84) was the first legal instrument in Argentina systematically addressing indigenous peoples’ rights. It was modeled on the Paraguayan Law for Indigenous Communities (901/81). Both granted collective property rights. I discuss Article 9 of Decree 574/85 in Law 426, requiring that former hunter-gatherer bands would form civil associations, like those in the non-profit sector. The policymakers later amended the clause on governance inserting the authority of chiefs along that of democratically elected delegates. I describe the Western Toba’s journey to obtaining collective land title by introducing characteristics of traditional leadership, discussing local antecedents leading to the law, comparing it to the Paraguayan law, and analyzing the process through which the Toba complied with legal requirements.
Salmon nutrients are associated with the phylogenetic dispersion of riparian flowering‐plant assemblages
Authors: Hurteau Leslie A. , Mooers Arne Ø. , Reynolds John D. , Hocking Morgan D.
Published: September 2015

A signature of nonrandom phylogenetic community structure has been interpreted as indicating community assembly processes. Significant clustering within the phylogenetic structure of a community can be caused by habitat filtering due to low nutrient availability. Nutrient limitation in temperate Pacific coastal rainforests can be alleviated to some extent by marine nutrient subsidies introduced by migrating salmon, which leave a quantitative signature on the makeup of plant communities near spawning streams. Thus, nutrient‐mediated habitat filtering could be reduced by salmon nutrients. Here, we ask how salmon abundance affects the phylogenetic structure of riparian flowering plant assemblages across 50 watersheds in the Great Bear Rainforest of British Columbia, Canada. Based on a regional pool of 60 plant species, we found that assemblages become more phylogenetically dispersed and species poor adjacent to streams with higher salmon spawning density. In contrast, increased phylogenetic clumping and species richness was seen in sites with low salmon density, with steeper slopes, further from the stream edge, and within smaller watersheds. These observations are all consistent with abiotic habitat filtering and biotic competitive exclusion acting together across local and landscape‐scale gradients in nutrient availability to structure assembly of riparian flowering plants. In this case, rich salmon nutrients appear to release riparian flowering‐plant assemblages from the confines of a low‐nutrient habitat filter that drives phylogenetic clustering.
Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Bone Stimulator Treatment for Symptomatic Distal Phalangeal Shaft Fracture Nonunion
Authors: Abboudi Jack , Kirkpatrick William H. , Schroeder Jake
Published: September 2015

Case:

Two cases of symptomatic distal phalangeal fracture nonunion that were treated with a course of digital splinting and daily external low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment are presented. Osseous union, symptom resolution, and full range of motion were successfully achieved in both cases without surgery.

Conclusion:

Digital splinting and daily LIPUS should be considered as a treatment option for symptomatic nonunion of the distal phalanx in cases that do not require correction of bone deformity.
A Novel Technique for the Surgical Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis of Long Bones
Authors: Bean CPT Betsey K. , Grassbaugh LTC Jason A.
Published: September 2015

Case:

A twenty-eight-year-old man sustained an open, comminuted tibial plateau fracture from a gunshot wound. Treatment included external fixation, serial debridements, and subsequent open reduction and internal fixation. Five months later, he developed chronic osteomyelitis of the proximal part of the tibia. Intraosseous debridement and irrigation with an arthroscope and arthroscopic tools was performed through existing bone screw holes. At the time of the final follow-up, he had resolution of pain and no recurrent infection.

Conclusion:

This minimally invasive technique may be considered for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of long bones to prevent structural destabilization and minimize disability.
Removal of phenol from aqueous solution by Mahua seed activated carbon: Kinetic, isotherm, mass transfer and isosteric heat of adsorption studies
Authors: Singh Yadav , Kumar Mishra , Kumar Arvind
Published: September 2015

Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) seed activated carbon (MSAC) has been developed as
an effective adsorbent for the removal of phenol from contaminated
wastewaters. Prepared MSAC was characterized for various physico-chemical
properties, Fourier transform infra- red (FTIR) and scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) analysis. Laboratory batch experiments were performed to
investigate the effect of MSAC dosage (w), pH, contact time (t), and initial
phenol concentrations (Co) on sorption efficiency at optimal conditions. The
maximum adsorption capacity of phenol was obtained at pH=6, t=5 h and MSAC
dosage=1.2 g/l. The kinetics data of phenol adsorption was very well
described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium
adsorption data were best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. The average
effective diffusion coefficient 6.4?10-13 m2/s was calculated from the
experimental data. Thermodynamic studies confirmed the sorption process to be
spontaneous and exothermic. The isosteric heat of adsorption of phenol was
found to increase with an increase in the surface loading indicating that
MSAC have more homogeneous surface.
QTAIM investigation of bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane derivative and its Zn(II) complexes (ZnLX2, X=Cl, Br or I)
Authors: Dehestani Maryam , Zeidabadinejad Leila
Published: September 2015

Topological analyses of the electron density using the quantum theory of
atoms in molecules (QTAIM) have been carried out at the B3PW91/6-31g (d)
theoretical level, on bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methanes derivatives 9-(4-(di
(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-methyl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole (L) and its zinc(II)
complexes: ZnLCl2 (1), ZnLBr2 (2) and ZnLI2 (3). The topological parameters
derived from Bader theory were also analyzed; these are characteristics of
Zn-bond critical points and also of ring critical points. The calculated
structural parameters are the frontier molecular orbital energies highest
occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular
orbital energy (ELUMO), hardness (?), softness (S), the absolute
electronegativity (?), the electrophilicity index (?) and the fractions of
electrons transferred (?N) from ZnLX2 complexes to L. The numerous
correlations and dependencies between energy terms of the Symmetry Adapted
Perturbation Theory approach (SAPT), geometrical, topological and energetic
parameters were detected and described.
Natural Optimism in Financial Reporting: A State of Mind
Authors: Capps Gregory , Koonce Lisa , Petroni Kathy R.
Published: September 2015

SYNOPSIS

The objective of this paper is to cohesively introduce the notion of natural optimism into the accounting literature and to provide insights into the role of natural optimism in financial reporting on the part of firm managers. To accomplish this, we first discuss the research that demonstrates that optimism is the natural state of mind for most people and therefore we posit that firm managers involved in preparing financial statements are likely to exhibit naturally occurring optimism. Second, we identify where natural optimism is most likely to have an impact on financial reporting. Third, we address the challenges involved with mitigating or eliminating natural optimism in financial reporting. Finally, we address the relationship between optimism and two other constructs often found in accounting—namely, overconfidence and motivated reasoning.
How Client Identification and Client Commitment Uniquely Influence Auditor Objectivity
Authors: Herda David N. , Lavelle James J.
Published: September 2015

This article summarizes our recent study, “Client Identification and Client Commitment in a Privately Held Client Setting: Unique Constructs with Opposite Effects on Auditor Objectivity” (Herda and Lavelle 2015), which examines how individual auditors' identification with, and commitment to, privately held audit clients affects their objectivity. Based on a survey of 102 external auditors, we find that client identification is distinct from client commitment. This distinction is important because identification as a construct is easily and often confused with commitment, and the terms are often used interchangeably. Client identification entails auditors perceiving themselves as one with the client. In contrast, client commitment reflects a responsibility for and dedication to the client, but the auditor and client remain separate psychological entities. Consistent with prior research, we find that client identification impairs auditor objectivity. Conversely, we find that client commitment enhances auditor objectivity.
Quantitative Sinonasal Symptom Assessment in an Unselected Pediatric Population with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Wentzel Jennifer L. , Virella-Lowell Isabel , Schlosser Rodney J. , Soler Zachary M.
Published: September 2015

Introduction

The aim of this study was to establish baseline sinonasal quality of life scores in an unselected pediatric population with cystic fibrosis (CF) and to test the correlation of those scores with various clinical outcome measurements.

Methods

A total of 50 consecutive children, ages 2–12 years, seen routinely in a large CF clinic were evaluated by using the Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey (SN-5) tool at the time of their visit. At this time, the parent or guardian of the child was also questioned about recent episodes of sinusitis, antibiotic prescriptions for sinusitis, recent hospitalizations, and days missed from school or recreational activities due to sinonasal symptoms. CF genotype, pulmonary function, recent sinus surgeries, and computed tomography scores were established by thorough chart review.

Results

The average SN-5 score of this group was lower than published averages in children with baseline, preoperative, or postoperative chronic sinusitis, and demonstrated significant correlations with a visual analog scale, recent episodes of sinusitis, antibiotic prescriptions for sinusitis, and the number of days missed from school or recreational activities due to sinonasal symptoms, with a nonsignificant trend observed with previous sinus surgery. No correlations were seen with CF genotype, pulmonary function, or hospitalization days. Computed tomography results were overwhelmingly abnormal, and Lund-MacKay scores did not correlate with SN-5 scores or clinical outcome measurements.

Conclusions

The SN-5 tool provides a quick, safe, and reliable qualitative metric for monitoring sinonasal symptoms in young children with CF.
Objective Assessment of Olfaction after Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery
Authors: Chaaban Mohamad R. , Chaudhry Ajaz L. , Riley Kristen O. , Woodworth Bradford A.
Published: September 2015

Background

Transnasal endoscopic pituitary surgery has proven to be a safe and effective method for removing pituitary tumors. Direct and angled endoscopy at the site of dissection provides excellent visualization without external incisions. However, olfactory loss has been documented after surgical approaches to the pituitary and is accompanied by a significant detriment to quality of life.

Study Design

A prospective cohort study.

Methods

Subjects 19 years and older who were undergoing transnasal endoscopic pituitary surgery were recruited for this study. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was administered preoperatively and then at 3–4 months. Data regarding demographics, reconstructive technique, and complications were recorded. The patients had skull-base reconstruction with a Medpore implant or a vascularized nasoseptal flap.

Results and Discussion

A total of 33 subjects were recruited, with 18 completing the study. The mean (SEM) age was 58.2 ± 2.4 years, with 12 females and 6 males. The majority of patients (89%) had nonfunctioning macroadenomas, and six individuals had reconstruction by using a vascularized nasoseptal flap. Matched mean (SEM) preoperative and postoperative UPSIT scores for this cohort were not significantly different (31.3 ± 0.4 versus 30.5 ± 0.5, respectively; p = 0.54). In addition, there was no significant difference between the mean preoperative and postoperative UPSIT scores of the patients who had nasoseptal flaps (29.4 ± 1.1 vs. 28.6 ± 1.3 respectively; p = 0.87).

Conclusions

In the current study, pre- and postoperative UPSIT scores were not significantly different in patients who underwent endoscopic transnasal pituitary surgery. The use of a nasoseptal flap also did not adversely affect postoperative UPSIT scores.
Oral Corticosteroids in the Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with and without Nasal Polyps: Risks and Benefits
Authors: Poetker David M.
Published: September 2015

Background

Oral steroids are synthetic mimics of adrenal cortex hormones and are considered a staple in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis due to their anti-inflammatory effects. Despite their common use, many providers are not familiar with the potential risks of the drugs.

Methods

Literature review.

Results

An overview of the existing data on the risks of oral steroids is presented as well as a review of the malpractice lawsuits with regard to oral steroid use and a discussion of the data that support the use of oral steroids in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and those without nasal polyps.

Conclusion

It is essential for providers to be aware of the potential complications of a medication, the medical jurisprudence of the drugs, and the data that support their use.
Impact of Day of Week on Outcomes of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Sedaghat Ahmad R. , Metson Ralph , Gray Stacey T.
Published: September 2015

Background

Outcomes for some surgical procedures are discrepantly affected by the day of the week when surgery is performed. It remains unknown whether this finding is applicable to endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of a cohort from a prospective observational study of patients undergoing ESS for chronic rhinosinusitis. Primary outcome measures included major postoperative complications (epistaxis that required physician intervention, orbital injury, and cerebrospinal fluid leak) as well as Sinonasal Outcomes Test 22 (SNOT-22) and Chronic Sinusitis Survey (CSS) quality-of-life symptom scores at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Associations between the day of the week when ESS was performed and outcome measures were performed when controlling for patients’ clinical and demographic characteristics.

Results

The study population consisted of 544 patients with a 30-day major postoperative complications rate of 1.2%. There was no predilection for ESS complications by the day of the week. In comparison with ESS on a Monday, improvement in the SNOT-22 score was no different than with ESS performed on Tuesday (p = 0.800 at 3 months, p = 0.149 at 12 months, p = 0.123 at 24 months), Wednesday (p = 0.533 at 3 months, p = 0.708 at 12 months, p = 0.107 at 24 months), and Thursday (p = 0.965 at 3 months, p = 0.959 at 12 months, p = 0.501 at 24 months). No surgeries were performed on Friday. Similar results were found for improvement in CSS scores.

Conclusion

The day of the week on which ESS was performed did not impact surgical outcomes. These results provided novel insights, which may be useful for preoperative discussions with patients and scheduling of ESS.
Predictors of 30-Day Readmission Following Inpatient Rehabilitation for Patients at High Risk for Hospital Readmission
Authors: Fisher Steve R. , Graham James E. , Krishnan Shilpa , Ottenbacher Kenneth J.
Published: September 2015

Background

The proposed Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) 30-day readmission risk standardization models for inpatient rehabilitation facilities establish readmission risk for patients at admission based on a limited set of core variables. Considering functional recovery during the rehabilitation stay may help clinicians further stratify patient groups at high risk for hospital readmission.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to identify variables in the full administrative medical record, particularly in regard to physical function, that could help clinicians further discriminate between patients who are and are not likely to be readmitted to an acute care hospital within 30 days of rehabilitation discharge.

Design

This study used an observational cohort with a 30-day follow-up of Medicare patients who were deconditioned and had medically complex diagnoses and who were receiving postacute inpatient rehabilitation in 2010 to 2011.

Methods

Patients in the highest risk quartile for readmission (N=25,908) were selected based on the CMS risk prediction model. Hierarchical generalized linear models were built to compare the relative effectiveness of motor functional status ratings in predicting 30-day readmission. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to create a hierarchical order among predictors based on variable importance in classifying patients based on readmission status.

Results

Approximately 34% of patients in the high-risk quartile were readmitted within 30 days. Functional outcomes and rehabilitation length of stay were the best predictors of 30-day rehospitalization. A 3-variable algorithm classified 4 clinical subgroups with readmission probabilities ranging from 28% to 75%.

Limitations

Although planned readmissions were accounted for in the outcome, potentially preventable readmissions were not distinguished from unpreventable readmissions.

Conclusion

For older patients who are deconditioned and have medically complex diagnoses admitted to postacute inpatient rehabilitation, information on functional status measures that are easily monitored by health care providers may improve plans for care transition and reduce the risk of hospital readmission.
Study of geo-hydrological processes and assessment of hazard and risk in the Banganga Watershed, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Motilal
Published: September 2015

Himalayan Journal of Sciences Vol.2(4) Special Issue 2004 pp.143-4
L'approvisionnement en bois brut dans un marché de concurrence imparfaite
Authors: Farsi Mehdi , Krähenbühl Gèraud
Published: September 2015

Raw wood supply in a market with imperfect competition

This contribution performs a supply analysis of the Swiss forest enterprises. It explores the factors influencing the quantity of supply, and determines the behavioral characteristics of the forestry firms. Based on econometric methods, the main characteristics of the firms in this strongly heterogeneous and changing sector are taken into account. Overall, the results suggest that Swiss forestry firms are not acting as profit maximizers. In fact, at least some of them, namely the smaller ones, seem to strive for a certain level of revenues, allowing them to cover their current costs (the so-called target revenue model), irrespective of their market position. Specifically, estimations indicate a negative price elasticity of supply, i.e., the quantity of wood supplied decreases with increasing prices. The intensity of this reaction depends on firm characteristics, such as type of ownership (private or public) and the size of the enterprise. Moreover, the results point to the existence of market power among larger forestry firms, which might be used in price negotiations with sawmills and other buyers.
Veränderungen deutscher Wälder durch Klimawandel und Stickstoffdeposition
Authors: Nickel Stefan , Schröder Winfried , Jenssen Martin
Published: September 2015

Changes of forests in Germany due to climate change and nitrogen deposition

According to the principles of the German Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change nature conservation programmes and instruments should take more account of the findings of climate research, including the relevant uncertainties. In this context, a method for mapping climate-induced changes of ecosystem types is presented. It is built on a classification system for forest ecosystem types in Germany. The modelling approach is based on Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and geographic information on climate, soil and vegetation features available with blanket coverage of Germany. This method allows users to produce nationwide maps in a coarse temporal resolution (here: 1961–1990, 1991–2010, 2011–2040, 2041–2070). It is demonstrated how the allocation of the ecosystem types to Habitats Directive Annex I habitat types can be used to estimate changes of habitat types as a result of climate warming.
Radical Indecision: Aporia as Metamorphosis inThe Unnamable
Authors: Dennis Amanda
Published: September 2015

The Unnamable challenges Enlightenment versions of progress whereby journeys and stories advance toward an end, but to equate the work with impasse is to miss its generative potential. Invoking Derrida's re-conceptualization of aporia as a refashioning of the meaning of progress, I read the novel's radical doubt as an alternative to dialectical advancement – as a strategy for redesigning the concept of the limit in concert with one's surroundings. What The Unnamable dramatizes under the sign of aporia is a temporary imbrication within one's environment – a merging of self, words, earth and mud – that may generate unpredictable forms, metamorphoses.
‘Minister of Horses’: Samuel Beckett according to Fernando Arrabal
Authors: Fernández José Francisco
Published: September 2015

This study takes the form of a chronicle of the life-long friendship between Samuel Beckett and Spanish playwright Fernando Arrabal. First, the circumstances in which they became acquainted will be explored. Then, that streak of irreverent humour shared by both writers will be discussed, especially in relation to their interest in Surrealism. Following this, the Spaniard's opinions on Beckett's partner, Suzanne Deschevaux-Dumesnil, will be considered. Finally, Arrabal's trial for blasphemy in 1967 is examined in detail, including Beckett's letter in his defence.