bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Graph Representation Fusion Framework for Fine‐Grained Object Recognition in Smart Cities
Authors: He Yang , Tian Ling , Zhang Lizong , Zeng Xi
Published: July 2021

Autonomous object detection powered by cutting‐edge artificial intelligent techniques has been an essential component for sustaining complex smart city systems. Fine‐grained image classification focuses on recognizing subcategories of specific levels of images. As a result of the high similarity between images in the same category and the high dissimilarity in the same subcategories, it has always been a challenging problem in computer vision. Traditional approaches usually rely on exploring only the visual information in images. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel Knowledge Graph Representation Fusion (KGRF) framework to introduce prior knowledge into fine‐grained image classification task. Specifically, the Graph Attention Network (GAT) is employed to learn the knowledge representation from the constructed knowledge graph modeling the categories‐subcategories and subcategories‐attributes associations. By introducing the Multimodal Compact Bilinear (MCB) module, the framework can fully integrate the knowledge representation and visual features for learning the high‐level image features. Extensive experiments on the Caltech‐UCSD Birds‐200‐2011 dataset verify the superiority of our proposed framework over several existing state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Deep Learning-Based Computed Tomography Images for Quantitative Measurement of the Correlation between Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Wang Han , Wang Hui , Huang Zhonglve , Su Huajun , Gao Xiang , Huang Feifei
Published: July 2021

The epicardial adipose tissue volume (EATV) was quantitatively measured by deep learning-based computed tomography (CT) images, and its correlation with coronary heart disease (CHD) was investigated in this study. 150 patients who underwent coronary artery CT examination in hospital were taken as research objects. Besides, patients from the observation group (group A) suffered from vascular stenosis, while patients from the control group (group B) had no vascular stenosis. The deep convolutional neural network model was applied to construct deep learning algorithm, and deep learning-based CT images were adopted to quantitatively measure EATV. The results showed that the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) of the deep learning algorithm were 0.8512, 0.9899, 0.9623, and 0.9813, respectively. By comparison, the correlation results of the traditional George algorithm, Aslani algorithm, and Lahiri algorithm were all lower than those of the deep learning algorithm, and the difference was statistically substantial (

P
<
0.05

). The epicardial adipose tissue volume of the observation group (114.23 ± 55.46) was higher markedly than the volume of the control group (92.65 ± 43.28), with a statistically huge difference (

P
<
0.05

). The r values of EATV with plaque properties and the number of stenosed coronary vessels were 0.232 and 0.268 in turn, both showing significant positive correlation. In conclusion, the sensitivity and other index values of deep learning algorithm were improved greatly compared with traditional algorithm. CT images based on deep learning algorithm achieved good blood vessel segmentation effects. In addition, EATV was closely related to the development of CHD.
Improved Deep Hashing with Scalable Interblock for Tourist Image Retrieval
Authors: Feng Jiangfan , Sun Wenzheng
Published: July 2021

Tourist image retrieval has attracted increasing attention from researchers. Mainly, supervised deep hash methods have significantly boosted the retrieval performance, which takes hand-crafted features as inputs and maps the high-dimensional binary feature vector to reduce feature-searching complexity. However, their performance depends on the supervised labels, but few labeled temporal and discriminative information is available in tourist images. This paper proposes an improved deep hash to learn enhanced hash codes for tourist image retrieval. It jointly determines image representations and hash functions with deep neural networks and simultaneously enhances the discriminative capability of tourist image hash codes with refined semantics of the accompanying relationship. Furthermore, we have tuned the CNN to implement end-to-end training hash mapping, calculating the semantic distance between two samples of the obtained binary codes. Experiments on various datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach compared to state-of-the-art shallow and deep hashing techniques.
Follicular Regulatory T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Xia Xin , Yang Jun , Wang Shengjun
Published: July 2021

Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are the regulatory T cell subset mainly localized in the germinal center (GC), acting as modulators of GC responses. They can disrupt Tfh cell- and B cell-linked recognition, induce Tfh apoptosis, and suppress B cell function. Evidences show that dysregulated Tfr cells are associated with the disease activity index and serum autoantibody levels, influencing the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review focuses on the interaction among Tfr, Tfh, and B cells, summarizes the characterization and function of Tfr cells, concludes the imbalance of CD4+T subsets in SLE, and presents potential therapies for SLE. In general, we discuss the roles of Tfr cells in the progress of SLE and provide potential treatments.
Central Nervous System Cell‐Derived Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Tian Yang , Fu Chen , Wu Yifan , Lu Yao , Liu Xuemei , Zhang Yunling
Published: July 2021

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all kinds of mammalian cells that shuttle “cargo” from one cell to another, indicative of its role in cell‐to‐cell transportation. Interestingly, exosomes are known to undergo alterations or serve as a pathway in multiple diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. In the central nervous system (CNS), exosomes originating from neurons or glia cells contribute to or inhibit the progression of CNS‐related diseases in special ways. In lieu of this, the current study investigated the effect of CNS cell‐derived exosomes on different neurodegenerative diseases.
New Therapeutic Insight into the Effect of Ma Huang Tang on Blood Pressure and Renal Dysfunction in the L-NAME-Induced Hypertension
Authors: Hong Mi Hyeon , Kim Hye Yoom , Jang Youn Jae , Na Se Won , Han Byung Hyuk , Yoon Jung Joo , Seo Chang Seob , Lee Ho Sub , Lee Yun Jung , Kang Dae Gill
Published: July 2021

In this study, we evaluated the effect of a traditional herbal formula, Ma Huang Tang (MHT), on blood pressure and vasodilation in a rat model of NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methylester- (L-NAME-) induced hypertension. We found that MHT-induced vascular relaxation in a dose-dependent manner in rat aortas pretreated with phenylephrine. However, pretreatment of endothelium-intact aortic rings with L‐NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis (NOS), or 1H‐[1, 2, 4]‐oxadiazole‐[4, 3‐α]‐quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ), an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, significantly abolished vascular relaxation induced by MHT. MHT also increased the production of guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) in the aortic rings pretreated with L-NAME or ODQ. To examine the in vivo effects of MHT, Sprague Dawley rats were treated with 40 mg/kg/day L-NAME for 3 weeks, followed by administration of 50 or 100 mg/kg/day MHT for 2 weeks. MHT was found to significantly normalize systolic blood pressure and decreased intima-media thickness in aortic sections of rats treated with L-NAME compared to that of rats treated with L-NAME alone. MHT also restored the L-NAME-induced decrease in vasorelaxation response to acetylcholine and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression. Furthermore, MHT promoted the recovery of renal function, as indicated by osmolality, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and creatinine clearance. These results suggest that MHT-induced relaxation in the thoracic aorta is associated with activation of the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway. Furthermore, it provides new therapeutic insights into the regulation of blood pressure and renal function in hypertensive patients.
¿Funcionan las cuarentenas para prevenir los contagios?
Authors: Berardo Lucas , De Elejalde Ramiro , Giolito Eugenio
Published: July 2021

La pandemia del COVID-19 que apareció en el mundo a finales de 2019 obligó a los gobiernos a tomar medidas urgentes para disminuir la transmisión del virus y así evitar el colapso sanitario. La principal herramienta fueron las intervenciones no farmacéuticas que, dado que el contagio se produce de persona a persona, tienen como objetivo el distanciamiento social. Entre estas medidas se encuentran la obligación de utilizar mascarillas, el cierre de escuelas y negocios no esenciales y prohibir la circulación mediante la implementación de confinamientos. Continuar leyendo...
Validation of the Finnish Version of the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale
Authors: Kaasinen Valtteri , Scheperjans Filip , Kärppä Mikko , Korpela Jaana , Brück Anna , Sipilä Jussi O.T. , Joutsa Juho , Järvelä Juha , Eerola-Rautio Johanna , Martikainen Mika H. , Airaksinen Katja , Stebbins Glenn T. , Martinez-Martin Pablo , Goetz Christopher G. , Lin Jeffrey , Luo Sheng , Pekkonen Eero
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) was developed to provide a comprehensive rating tool of dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Because dyskinesia therapy trials involve multicenter studies, having a scale that is validated in multiple non-English languages is pivotal to international efforts to treat dyskinesia. The aim of the present study was to organize and perform an independent validation of the UDysRS Finnish version. Methods: The UDysRS was translated into Finnish and then back-translated into English using 2 independent teams. Cognitive pretesting was conducted on the Finnish version and required modifications to the structure or wording of the translation. The final Finnish version was administered to 250 PD patients whose native language is Finnish. The data were analyzed to assess the confirmatory factor structure to the Spanish UDysRS (the reference standard). Secondary analyses included an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), independent of the reference standard. Results: The comparative fit index (CFI), in comparison with the reference standard factor structure, was 0.963 for Finnish. In the EFA, where variability from sample to sample is expected, isolated item differences of factor structure were found between the Finnish and Reference Standard versions of the UDysRS. These subtle differences may relate to differences in sample composition or variations in disease status. Conclusion: The overall factor structure of the Finnish version was consistent with that of the reference standard, and it can be designated as the official version of the UDysRS for Finnish speaking populations.
Assessment of Renal Function Status in Steady-State Sickle Cell Anaemic Children Using Urine Human Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Albumin:Creatinine Ratio
Authors: Olawale Olatubosun Oladipupo , Adekanmbi Abiodun Folasade , Sonuga Ayobola Abimbola , Sonuga Oyebola Oluwagbemiga , Akodu Samuel Olufemi , Ogundeyi Morufat Mojisola
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Sickle cell anaemia is characterized by defective haemoglobin synthesis and is associated with both endocrine and metabolic alterations. The effects of this clinical condition on kidney function are multifactorial and often begin early in childhood. This study aims to assess renal function in children with sickle cell anaemia using urine albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) and urine human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 200 children aged 5–15 years in 2 tertiary hospitals in South West Nigeria: 150 were of haemoglobin S genotype and 50 were of haemoglobin A genotype. Serum urea, creatinine, urine albumin, and NGAL were assayed by known standard methods. eGFR, urine ACR, and urine NGAL/creatinine ratio (urine NCR) were calculated. Results: The weight, height, BMI, systolic blood pressure, plasma urea, plasma creatinine, and spot urine creatinine of the HbS genotype children were significantly lower compared to that of the HbA genotype children. The eGFR, spot urine albumin, and urine ACR were significantly higher in the HbS group compared to the HbA group. There was no significant difference in the spot urine NGAL and urine NCR between the 2 groups, though both were higher in the HbS group compared to the HbA group. Conclusions: Kidney injury probably starts early in childhood in sickle cell individuals as indicated by the higher urine ACR detected in them. We infer that urine NGAL and uNCR are not sensitive markers of kidney disease especially in young sickle cell individuals possibly because of the hyperfiltration present at this age.
Socioeconomic Burden of Rising Methamphetamine-Associated Heart Failure Hospitalizations in California From 2008 to 2018
Authors: Zhao Susan X. , Deluna Andres , Kelsey Kate , Wang Clifford , Swaminathan Aravind , Staniec Allison , Crawford Michael H.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Methamphetamine-associated cardiomyopathy/heart failure (MethHF) is an increasingly recognized disease entity in the context of a rising methamphetamine (meth) epidemic that most severely impacts the western United States. Using heart failure (HF) hospitalization data from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, this study aimed to assess trend and disease burden of MethHF in California.

Methods:

Adult patients (≥18 years old) with HF as primary hospitalization diagnosis between 2008 and 2018 were included in this study. The association with Meth (MethHF) and those without (non-MethHF) were determined by meth-related
International Classification of Diseases
-based secondary diagnoses. Statistical significance of trends in age-adjusted rates of hospitalization per 100 000 adults were evaluated using nonparametric analysis.

Results:

Between 2008 and 2018, 1 033 076 HF hospitalizations were identified: 42 565 were MethHF (4.12%) and 990 511 (95.88%) were non-MethHF. Age-adjusted MethHF hospitalizations per 100 000 increased by 585% from 4.1 in 2008 to 28.1 in 2018, while non-MethHF hospitalizations decreased by 6.0% from 342.3 in 2008 to 321.6 in 2018. The rate of MethHF hospitalization increase more than doubled that of a negative control group with urinary tract infection and meth-related secondary diagnoses (7.82-fold versus 3.48-fold,
P
<0.001). Annual inflation–adjusted hospitalization charges because of MethHF increased by 840% from $41.5 million in 2008 to $390.2 million in 2018, as compared with an 82% increase for all HF hospitalization from $3.503 billion to $6.376 billion. Patients with MethHF were significantly younger (49.64±10.06 versus 72.20±14.97 years old,
P
<0.001), predominantly male (79.1% versus 52.4%,
P
<0.001), with lower Charlson Comorbidity Index, yet they had longer length of stay, more hospitalizations per patient, and more procedures performed during their stays.

Conclusions:

MethHF hospitalizations increased sharply during the study period and contributed significantly to the HF hospitalization burden in California. This emerging HF phenotype, which engenders considerable financial and societal costs, calls for an urgent and concerted public health response to contain its spread.
Interplay Between Myocardial Bridging and Coronary Spasm in Patients With Myocardial Ischemia and Non‐Obstructive Coronary Arteries: Pathogenic and Prognostic Implications
Authors: Montone Rocco A. , Gurgoglione Filippo Luca , Del Buono Marco Giuseppe , Rinaldi Riccardo , Meucci Maria Chiara , Iannaccone Giulia , La Vecchia Giulia , Camilli Massimiliano , D’Amario Domenico , Leone Antonio Maria , Vergallo Rocco , Aurigemma Cristina , Buffon Antonino , Romagnoli Enrico , Burzotta Francesco , Trani Carlo , Crea Filippo , Niccoli Giampaolo
Published: July 2021

Background

Myocardial bridging (MB) may represent a cause of myocardial ischemia in patients with non‐obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD). Herein, we assessed the interplay between MB and coronary vasomotor disorders, also evaluating their prognostic relevance in patients with myocardial infarction and non‐obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) or stable NOCAD.

Methods and Results

We prospectively enrolled patients with NOCAD undergoing intracoronary acetylcholine provocative test. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events, defined as the composite of cardiac death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, and rehospitalization for unstable angina, was assessed at follow‐up. We also assessed angina status using Seattle Angina Questionnaires summary score. We enrolled 310 patients (mean age, 60.6±11.9; 136 [43.9%] men; 169 [54.5%] stable NOCAD and 141 [45.5%] MINOCA). MB was found in 53 (17.1%) patients. MB and a positive acetylcholine test coexisted more frequently in patients with MINOCA versus stable NOCAD. MB was an independent predictor of positive acetylcholine test and MINOCA. At follow‐up (median, 22 months; interquartile range, 13–32), patients with MB had a higher rate of major adverse cardiac events, mainly driven by a higher rate of hospitalization attributable to angina, and a lower Seattle Angina Questionnaires summary score (all
P
<0.001) compared with patients without MB. In particular, the group of patients with MB and a positive acetylcholine test had the worst prognosis.

Conclusions

Among patients with NOCAD, coronary spasm associated with MB may predict a worse clinical presentation with MINOCA and a higher rate of hospitalization attributable to angina at long‐term follow‐up with a low rate of hard events.
Endonuclease V
Regulates Atherosclerosis Through C‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2‐Mediated Monocyte Infiltration
Authors: Kong Xiang Yi , Huse Camilla , Yang Kuan , Øgaard Jonas , Berges Natalia , Vik Erik Sebastian , Nawaz Meh Sameen , Quiles‐Jiménez Ana , Abbas Azhar , Gregersen Ida , Holm Sverre , Bjerkli Vigdis , Rashidi Azita , Fladeby Cathrine , Suganthan Rajikala , Sagen Ellen Lund , Skjelland Mona , Lång Anna , Bøe Stig Ove , Bjørås Magnar , Aukrust Pål , Alseth Ingrun , Halvorsen Bente , Dahl Tuva Børresdatter
Published: July 2021

Background

In cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerotic disorder are the most frequent and important with respect to morbidity and mortality. Inflammation mediated by immune cells is central in all parts of the atherosclerotic progress, and further understanding of the underlying mechanisms is needed. Growing evidence suggests that deamination of adenosine‐to‐inosine in RNA is crucial for a correct immune response; nevertheless, the role of adenosine‐to‐inosine RNA editing in atherogenesis has barely been studied. Several proteins have affinity for inosines in RNA, one being ENDOV (endonuclease V), which binds and cleaves RNA at inosines. Data on ENDOV in atherosclerosis are lacking.

Methods and Results

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction on ENDOV mRNA showed an increased level in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques compared with control veins. Inosine‐ribonuclease activity as measured by an enzyme activity assay is detected in immune cells relevant for the atherosclerotic process. Abolishing
EndoV
in atherogenic apolipoprotein E‐deficient (

ApoE
−/−

) mice reduces the atherosclerotic plaque burden, both in size and lipid content. In addition, in a brain stroke model, mice without ENDOV suffer less damage than control mice. Finally, lack of
EndoV
reduces the recruitment of monocytes to atherosclerotic lesions in atherogenic

ApoE
−/−

mice.

Conclusions

ENDOV
is upregulated in human atherosclerotic lesions, and data from mice suggest that ENDOV promotes atherogenesis by enhancing the monocyte recruitment into the atherosclerotic lesion, potentially by increasing the effect of CCL2 activation on these cells.
Elevated Fatty Liver Index Is Independently Associated With New Onset of Hypertension During a 10‐Year Period in Both Male and Female Subjects
Authors: Higashiura Yukimura , Furuhashi Masato , Tanaka Marenao , Takahashi Satoko , Mori Kazuma , Miyamori Daisuke , Koyama Masayuki , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Moniwa Norihito , Numata Keita , Hisasue Takashi , Hanawa Nagisa , Miura Tetsuji
Published: July 2021

Background

Fatty liver index (FLI), a predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, has been reported to be associated with several metabolic disorders. Because of a sex difference in FLI level, we hypothesized that FLI is associated with development of hypertension to a greater extent in men or women.

Methods and Results

We investigated the relationship between FLI and development of hypertension during a 10‐year period in a general population of subjects who received annual health examinations (n=28 990). After exclusion (44.9%) of subjects with missing data and those with hypertension at baseline, a total of 15 965 subjects (men/women: 9466/6499) were included. FLI level was significantly higher in men than in women. During the 10‐year period, 2304 men (24.3%) and 745 women (11.5%) had new onset of hypertension. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with a restricted cubic spline showed that the hazard ratios (HRs) for development of hypertension after adjustment of age, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, habits of smoking and alcohol drinking, family history of hypertension, and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia increased gradually with increase in FLI in men and increased rapidly and then slowly with increase in FLI in women. There was a significant interaction between FLI and sex for the risk of hypertension in all of the subjects (
P
=0.049). The addition of FLI to traditional risk factors significantly improved the discriminatory capability.

Conclusions

A high level of FLI predicts the development of hypertension in both men and women, although distribution patterns of HRs were different between sexes.
GEÇİŞ EKONOMİLERİNDE TURİZM GELİRLERİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜMEYE ETKİSİ
Authors: YENİŞEHİRLİOĞLU Emirhan , BAYAT Tayfur
Published: July 2021

Turizm endüstrisinde, turistlerin talepleri doğrultusunda; konaklama, yiyecek, eğlence ve ulaşım gibi sektörlerde artan üretimler hem istihdamın artmasına sebep olmakta hem de döviz geliri elde edildiği için ödemeler dengesinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Turizm endüstrisi yoğun şekilde yabancı yatırımlara ev sahipliği yaptığı için büyümeye çalışan ekonomilerde kilit bir unsurdur. Çalışmada merkezi planlamadan serbest piyasa ekonomisine geçen ve 1 May 2004’te Avrupa Birliğine üye olan Çek Cumhuriyeti, Estonya, Macaristan, Letonya, Litvanya, Polonya, Slovakya, ve Slovenya ekonomilerinde, 1995-2018 döneminde turizm gelirlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi panel veri yöntemi ile incelenmektedir. Ampirik analizler sonucunda turizm geliri ile ekonomik büyüme arasında pozitif ve orta derecede korelasyon bulunduğu tespit edilmiş, bununla birlikte Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Letonya ve Polonya ekonomilerinde turizm gelirlerinden ekonomik büyümeye doğru nedensellik olduğu belirlenmiştir.
PROBLEMATIZATION OF DISTANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF AHMED GÜNER SAYAR’S ECONOMIC THINKING
Authors: GÖÇER Kenan , HAŞLAK İrfan
Published: July 2021

Ahmet Güner Sayar is known for his works in the field of Turkish economic mentality. He pursued the thought and method of his teacher, Sabri. F. Ülgener in this field to a large extent. He has taken the Ulgerian thought to a new level by subjecting a deeper analysis, for example, by further developing the conceptualisation of ‘Turkish custom’ and the ‘individual’ in the context of homo economicus. The debate about the Ottoman people’s distance from the tripartite world (matter, environment, and time) continues in Sayar, as Ülgener emphasised. Distance here is defined as remoteness. Both Ülgener and Sayar criticise esoteric Sufism and Malamiyyah in terms of distance. Distance for western people is close enough to know and change the essence of the object. This closeness in the distance constitutes the essence of recreating. Ülgener and Sayar read the contrast between the western and the Ottoman people in terms of distance. The perception of distance is different for both sides and opposed to each other. It is argued in the present work that the distance is not too far from the Ottoman person, but too close to perceive and change the world, which is a tripartite structure. This proximity is, in fact, the absence of distance. Since they saw themselves embedded into universe and nature, the Ottoman people could not see the external nature.
Learning in the Oil Futures Markets: Evidence and Macroeconomic Implications
Authors: Leduc Sylvain , Moran Kevin , Vigfusson Robert J.
Published: July 2021

Using oil futures, we examine expectation formation and how it alters the macroeconomic transmission of shocks. Our empirical framework, where investors learn about the persistence of oil-price movements, successfully replicates the fluctuations in oil-price futures since the Late 1990s. By embedding this learning mechanism in an estimated model, we document that an increase in the persistence of TFP-driven fluctuations in oil demand largely accounts for investors' perceptions that oil-price movements became increasingly permanent during the 2000s. Learning alters the macroeconomic impact of shocks, making the responses time dependent and conditional on perceptions of shocks' likely persistence.
Advancing the Agency of Adolescent Girls
Authors: Edmonds Eric , Feigenberg Ben , Leight Jessica
Published: July 2021

More than 98 million adolescent girls are not in school. Can girls influence their schooling without changes in their family's economic environment? In Rajasthan, India, we examine the impact of a school-based life skills program that seeks to address low aspirations, narrow societal roles for girls and women, restricted networks of social support, and limited decision-making power. We find the intervention causes a 25% decline in school dropout that persists from seventh grade through the transition to high school. Improvements in socioemotional support among girls exposed to the intervention seem especially important in their decision to stay in school.
A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Hedysarum L. (Fabaceae-Hedysareae) in Iran
Authors: NAFISI HANIYEH , KAZEMPOUR OSALOO SHAHROKH , KAVEH AKRAM , MAHMOODI MOHAMMAD
Published: July 2021

Hedysarum is the second largest genus of the tribe Hedysareae (Fabaceae), in Iran. Considering the rising number of species in Iran, a taxonomic revision of the genus is provided, except for a Hedysarum wrightianum group. As a complementary treatment, a diagnostic key to the species and detailed morphological descriptions are supplied. Based on the reliable molecular phylogeny and morphological evidence in the current study, the taxonomy of some species of H. subsect. Crinifera was re-examined. H. criniferum var. melanotrichum with 1-2 segmented, large, elliptic-semi ovate pods, is raised to the species rank as H. melanotrichum. Also, a new variety of H. atropatanum, (var. glabrum) with pods without setae, is introduced from the type locality. Furthermore, some species were synonymized including H. longipedunculatum with H. fallacinum, H. persicum with H. papillosum, H. orumiehense with H. criniferum, H. bojnordense with H. kopetdaghi, H. elbursense with H. hyrcanum as well as H. kalatense and H. johartchii with H. balchanense. According to the present study, the flora of Iran consists of H. armenium, a representative of H. sect. Hedysarum, and 31 species from H. sect. Multicaulia.
New record of the genus Baseprocessa (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae) from India with description of a new species
Authors: MESHRAM NARESH M. , RAMAIAH MOGILI , SHASHANK P R , STUTI
Published: July 2021

The coelidiinae leafhopper genus Baseprocessa Fan & Li is newly recorded from India based on the description of B. patkaensis Meshram sp. nov. and a proposed new combination, B. serratispatulata (Viraktamath & Meshram) comb. nov. Materials are deposited in the National Pusa Collection, Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India. Photographic illustrations, checklist and key to species of this genus along with a distribution map are also provided.
Precipitation Enhancement in Squall Lines Moving over Mountainous Coastal Regions
Authors: Wu Fan , Lombardo Kelly
Published: July 2021

A mechanism for precipitation enhancement in squall lines moving over mountainous coastal regions is quantified through idealized numerical simulations. Storm intensity and precipitation peak over the sloping terrain as storms descend from an elevated plateau toward the coastline and encounter the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). Storms are most intense as they encounter the deepest MABLs. As the descending storm outflow collides with a moving MABL (sea breeze), surface and low-level air parcels initially accelerate upward, though their ultimate trajectory is governed by the magnitude of the negative nonhydrostatic inertial pressure perturbation behind the cold pool leading edge. For shallow MABLs, the baroclinic gradient across the gust front generates large horizontal vorticity, a low-level negative pressure perturbation, and thus a downward acceleration of air parcels following their initial ascent. A deep MABL reduces the baroclinically generated vorticity, leading to a weaker pressure perturbation and minimal downward acceleration, allowing air to accelerate into a storm’s updraft. Once storms move away from the terrain base and over the full depth of the MABLs, storms over the deepest MABLs decay most rapidly, while those over the shallowest MABLs initially intensify. Though elevated ascent exists above all MABLs, the deepest MABLs substantially reduce the depth of the high-θelayer above the MABLs and limit instability. This relationship is insensitive to MABL temperature, even though surface-based ascent is present for the less cold MABLs, the MABL thermal deficit is smaller, and convective available potential energy (CAPE) is higher.
Future Changes in Wet and Dry Season Characteristics in CMIP5 and CMIP6 simulations
Authors: Wainwright Caroline M. , Black Emily , Allan Richard P.
Published: July 2021

Climate change will result in more dry days and longer dry spells, however, the resulting impacts on crop growth depend on the timing of these longer dry spells in the annual cycle. Using an ensemble of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and Phase 6 (CMIP5 and CMIP6) simulations, and a range of emission scenarios, here we examine changes in wet and dry spell characteristics under future climate change across the extended tropics in wet and dry seasons separately. Delays in the wet seasons by up to two weeks are projected by 2070-2099 across South America, Southern Africa, West Africa and the Sahel. An increase in both mean and maximum dry spell length during the dry season is found across Central and South America, Southern Africa and Australia, with a reduction in dry season rainfall also found in these regions. Mean dry season dry spell lengths increase by 5-10 days over north-east South America and south-west Africa. However, changes in dry spell length during the wet season are much smaller across the tropics with limited model consensus. Mean dry season maximum temperature increases are found to be up to 3°C higher than mean wet season maximum temperature increases over South America, Southern Africa and parts of Asia. Longer dry spells, fewer wet days, and higher temperatures during the dry season may lead to increasing dry season aridity, and have detrimental consequences for perennial crops.
How Does Insurance Status Correlate With Trauma Mechanisms and Outcomes? A Retrospective Study at a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Chun Magnus , Zhang Yichi , Nguyen An , Becnel Chad , Noguera Valeria , Taghavi Sharven , Guidry Chrissy , Hussein Mohammed , Toraih Eman , McGrew Patrick
Published: July 2021

Objective

Studies showed that a lack of insurance is associated with worse trauma outcomes. We examine insurance status and trauma mortality in a diverse metropolitan city and hypothesize that the higher risk of mortality in uninsured patients is due to insurance status and other factors.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients admitted to a Level 1 Trauma center for emergent surgery in a diverse metropolitan city from Jan 2016-May 2020 was conducted. Patients of different insurance statuses were analyzed for their injury mechanism and surgical intervention outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression was performed and the results were presented as odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals and P values. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.

Results

738 patients met study criteria. Medicaid patients made up the largest proportions of injury mechanisms: 65.1% of gunshot wound cases, sharp object (41.7%), and falls (32.5%). Private insurance (OR = .13, 95% CI: .05-.35, P = .000), Medicaid (OR = .19, 95% CI: .10-.35, P = .000), Medicare (OR = .65, 95% CI: 0.28-1.51, P = .31), and other insurance (OR = .44, 95% CI 0.22-.87, P = .01) were associated with survival. Uninsured patients had the highest mortality rate resulting from trauma at 32.6% ( P < .001), and the lowest mortality rate belonged to the private insurance cohort (6.3%, P < .001). Uninsured patients accounted for 10.5% of gunshot wound cases, 8.5% of motor vehicle accident cases, 25% of sharp object cases, and 6.6% of falls.

Conclusion

Being uninsured was independently associated with mortality, while having insurance improved outcomes. Underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated to improve health equity and trauma outcomes in diverse patient populations.
Monitoring motherhood: Monitoring and optimizing glycaemia in women with pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy
Authors: Meek Claire L
Published: July 2021

Despite recent advances in care, women with diabetes in pregnancy are still at increased risk of multiple pregnancy complications. Offspring exposed to hyperglycaemia in utero also experience long-term health sequelae, affecting neurocognitive and cardiometabolic status. Many of these adverse consequences can be prevented or ameliorated with good medical care, specifically to optimize glycaemic control. The accurate assessment of glycaemia in pregnancy is therefore vital to safeguard the health of mother and child. However, there is no consensus about the best method of monitoring glycaemic control in pregnancy. Short-term changes in insulin dosage and lifestyle, with altered appetite, insulin sensitivity and red cell turnover create difficulties in interpretation of standard laboratory measures such as HbA1c. The ideal marker would provide short-term feedback on daily or weekly glycaemic control, with additional capability to predict pregnancies at high risk of suboptimal outcomes. Several novel biochemical markers are available which allow assessment of dynamic changes in glycaemia over weeks rather than months. Continuous glucose monitoring devices have advanced in accuracy and provide new opportunities for robust assessment of glycaemia in pregnancy. Recent work from the continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes trial (CONCEPTT) has provided information about the ability of different markers of glycaemia to predict pregnancy outcomes.

The aim of this review is to summarize the care for women with pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy and to highlight the important role of glycaemic monitoring in pregnancy.
Distinguishing multimodal versus multisensory hallucinations in psychosis: Key definitions and a way forward
Authors: Toh Wei Lin , Bere Mikaela , Rossell Susan L
Published: July 2021

The study of hallucinations across multiple senses in psychosis has garnered renewed interest. Recent studies have adopted the term multimodal hallucinations to describe these experiences, yet some appear to be investigating a different, but related, phenomenon. In the current paper, we suggest use of the terms multimodal hallucinations and multisensory hallucinations to categorise distinct events that involve unusual sensory experiences across multiple domains. We propose that the constructs of temporality and relatedness are critical to delineating these experiences, where multimodal hallucinations refer to hallucinations in two or more sensory modes occurring concurrently in time and/or with significant thematic overlaps. Multisensory hallucinations conversely denote similar multisensory experiences, but with no temporal or relatedness constraints. This is accompanied by a decision-making framework for identifying whether a set of unusual perceptual experiences constitutes multimodal hallucinations or otherwise. We conclude by suggesting several priorities for future research, including empirical validation of our proposed model, further investigation of phenomenology, developing appropriate assessment tools and investigating underlying cognitive and other aetiological mechanisms.
Human Rights in the Oil and Gas Industry: When Are Policies and Practices Enough to Prevent Abuse?
Authors: Olsen Tricia , Rehbein Kathleen , Snelson-Powell Annie , Westermann-Behaylo Michelle
Published: July 2021

Multinational enterprises are aware of their responsibility to protect human rights now more than ever, but severe human rights violations, including physical integrity abuses (e.g., death, torture, disappearances), continue unabated. To explore this puzzle, we engage theoretically with the means-ends decoupling literature to examine if and when oil and gas firms’ policies and practices prevent severe human rights abuse. Using an original dataset, we identify two pathways to mitigate means-ends decoupling: (a) while human rights policies alone do not reduce human rights abuses, firms with a high-quality human rights policy over the long-term reduce severe human rights abuses; (b) firms that combine preparedness—which we define as a firm’s capabilities, practices, and engagement—with a long-term human rights policy also reduce the likelihood of human rights abuses. Preparedness, we argue, can lead to reinforcement dynamics between long-term policy efforts and additional capabilities that provide a more holistic understanding of firm behavior.
International incentives for women’s rights in dictatorships
Authors: Donno Daniela , Fox Sara , Kaasik Joshua
Published: July 2021

Democracy and women’s rights are integrally “bundled” by the international community. This means that dictatorships can signal adherence to international norms by demonstrating progress on gender equality, often in a manner that is consistent with the perpetuation of authoritarian rule. Using a new dataset of de jure advances in women’s rights, we show that dictatorships have vigorously enacted gender-related legislation, at a rate that surpasses democracies in the developing world. This pattern is shaped by international (Western) pressure: Among autocracies, foreign aid dependence and international nongovernmental organization shaming are associated with legal advances in women’s rights, but not with reforms in other, more politically costly areas related to elections, political competition, and repression. Our account therefore highlights selective compliance as a form of adaptation to international pressure and underscores the role of international incentives as a complement to domestic “bottom-up” pressure for women’s rights in dictatorships.
The Importance of Thinking Multivariately When Setting Subscale Cutoff Scores
Authors: Kroc Edward , Olvera Astivia Oscar L.
Published: July 2021

Setting cutoff scores is one of the most common practices when using scales to aid in classification purposes. This process is usually done univariately where each optimal cutoff value is decided sequentially, subscale by subscale. While it is widely known that this process necessarily reduces the probability of “passing” such a test, what is not properly recognized is that such a test loses power to meaningfully discriminate between target groups with each new subscale that is introduced. We quantify and describe this property via an analytical exposition highlighting the counterintuitive geometry implied by marginal threshold-setting in multiple dimensions. Recommendations are presented that encourage applied researchers to think jointly, rather than marginally, when setting cutoff scores to ensure an informative test.
PLL-based nanoresonator driving IC with automatic parasitic capacitance cancellation and automatic gain control
Authors: Heo Hyunwoo , Kim Hyungseup , You Donggeun , Kwon Yongsu , Yang Yil-suk , Lee Junghoon , Ko Hyoungho
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a phase-locked loop (PLL) based resonator driving integrated circuit (IC) with automatic parasitic capacitance cancellation and automatic gain control. The PLL consisting of a phase frequency detector (PFD), a loop filter, and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) makes the driving frequency to be locked at the resonant frequency. The resonator is modeled by Butterworth–Van Dyke equivalent circuit model with motional resistance of 72.8 kΩ, capacitance of 6.19 fF, inductance of 79.4 mH, and parasitic parallel capacitance of 2.59 pF. To mitigate the magnitude and phase distortion in the resonator frequency response, it is necessary to compensate for the parasitic capacitance. The proposed automatic parasitic capacitance cancellation loop is operated in the open-loop mode. In the automatic parasitic capacitance cancellation phase, the outputs of the transimpedance amplifier (TIA) at the lower and higher frequency than the resonant frequency (VH and VL), are compared, and the programmable compensation capacitor array matches the VH and VL using binary-searched algorithm to cancel the parallel parasitic capacitance. The automatic gain control (AGC) loop keeps the oscillation at the suitable amplitude, and the AGC output can be used as a measurement of the motional resistance. The AGC loop is also digitally controlled. The proposed resonator driving IC is designed in a 0.18-μm bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor (BCDMOS) process with an active area of 3.2 mm2. The simulated phase noise is −61.1 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz and the quality factor ( Q-factor) is 59,590.
Abraham Maslow, Utopian Realist
Authors: Weidman Nadine
Published: July 2021

The ideal human community or “Eupsychia” envisioned by Abraham Maslow was a place inhabited by a thousand “self-actualizing people” who shared a devotion to certain higher values. These values were, for Maslow, universally human and biologically rooted, and they included truth, beauty, justice, and the ability to become the best that one was capable of becoming. In addition to imagining it, Maslow searched for Eupsychia in reality and thought he had found it in three California locations: Non-Linear Systems, a technology company; Synanon, a drug rehab center; and Esalen, a hippie retreat. Despite its dependence on shared values, for Maslow Eupsychia was not a perfect place, either in his imagination or in reality, and he realized that its inhabitants would need ways to confront strife and deal with their differences. I suggest that his utopian realism contains an important lesson for our own highly divided 21st-century American society.
Aquatic Exercise for Health Promotion: A 31-Year Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Zhou Wen-Sheng , Ren Fei-Fei , Yang Yong , Chien Kuei-Yu
Published: July 2021

The present study aimed to review the research literature on aquatic exercise for health promotion using bibliometric methods and CiteSpace software. The number of studies related to this topic are constantly expanding, with the USA, Brazil, and Australia the centers of this research. Most published papers fall within Sports Science, but the disciplines of Physiology, Psychology, and Rehabilitation were also found to be dominant domains for this literature. The seven most prolific authors were from Brazil or Spain. The most frequently cited references focused on sub-topics of physiology, biochemistry, physical fitness, psychological health, cardiovascular disease, and joint disease. New research trends have shifted to the promotion of cardiovascular health in clinical populations (stroke, overweight, hypertension, endothelium dysfunctional, obese, inflammation, antioxidant, heart failure). Overall, this review found that research hot spots and trends in this realm have focused on improving cardiovascular health with aquatic exercise.
HMGCS2 in metabolic pathways was associated with overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma: A LASSO-derived study
Authors: Ding Rongrong , Chen Tianyou , Zhang Yuan , Chen Xiaorong , Zhuang Liping , Yang Zongguo
Published: July 2021

This integrated bioinformatic study aimed to investigate potential prognostic candidates in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the GSE14520, GSE101685, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and functional pathways of common DEGs were enriched. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model was used to screen the potential parameters associated with overall survival (OS) in HCC patients. Metabolic pathways were the most significantly enriched functional pathways of common DEGs in these three datasets. After LASSO model analysis, HMGCS2, UGP2, BCLC staging and TNM staging were screened as potential prognostic candidates for OS in HCC patients in GSE14520. HMGCS2 in the metabolic pathway was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in HCC patients (all p < 0.05). Cox regression model indicated that HMGCS2 might be associate with OS in HCC patients in GSE14520 and in the TCGA ( p = 0.029 and p = 0.05, respectively). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that HMGCS2 downregulation in tumors contributed to an unfavorable OS in HCC patients, both in GSE14520 and in the TCGA ( p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0002, respectively). Additionally, HMGCS2 was significantly downregulated in HCC patients with high alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), main tumor size >5 cm, multinodular, advanced tumor staging including BCLC, TNM and CLIP (all p < 0.05). HMGCS2 was involved in metabolic pathways, and downregulated HMGCS2 in tumors was associated with unfavorable OS in HCC patients.
Experiment, model, and simulation of the pedestrian flow around a training school classroom during the after-class period
Authors: Xie Chuan-Zhi , Tang Tie-Qiao , Zhang Bo-Tao , Xiang Heng-Jun
Published: July 2021

In China, training schools are ubiquitous, where heterogeneous pedestrian flow (which consists of adults and children) widely occurs during the after-class period. In this paper, we develop a fine grid cellular CA model to describe the pedestrian behaviors (e.g., pick-up behavior, searching behavior, matching behavior, waiting behavior, leading behavior, and following behavior) at a training school during the after-class period and explore the effects of the special behaviors on each pedestrian’s movement in and around a classroom. To describe the heterogeneous pedestrian flow accurately, (i) some questionnaire surveys are designed to extract some features of adult’s and child’s movement, and (ii) some video experiments are conducted to estimate/calibrate some parameters of interest in the proposed model. Finally, some strategies are designed to enhance the evacuation efficiency and the operational efficiency of training school. The numerical results indicate that the proposed model can reasonably match with reality, and the proposed strategies can enhance the evacuation efficiency and the operational efficiency of training school. The results can help the administrators to effectively manage the pedestrian evacuation at training school during the after-class period.