bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy plus simultaneous versus staged cytoreductive surgery for gastric cancer with occult peritoneal metastasis
Authors: Wu Xiaojiang , Li Ziyu , Li Ziran , Jia Yongning , Shan Fei , Ji Xin , Bu Zhaode , Zhang Lianhai , Wu Aiwen , Ji Jiafu
Published: April 2015

Background

Our aim is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two treatment strategies, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) plus simultaneous versus staged cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in patients with occult peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer (GC).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 26 GC patients who were potential curatively resectable by pre‐operative evaluation and found occult peritoneal metastasis by diagnostic laparoscopy. Patients were treated by HIPEC plus either simultaneous CRS (CRS+HIPEC group, n = 11) or staged CRS after systematic chemotherapy (HIPEC+Chemo+CRS group, n = 15).

Results

There is no mortality observed in both groups. The treatment complications in two group is comparable (P = 0.683), with 26.7% (4/15) in HIPEC+Chemo+CRS group, and 36.4% (4/11) in CRS+HIPEC group, respectively. The compliance of patients undergoing subsequent chemotherapy is higher in HIPEC+Chemo+CRS group (93.3%, 14/15) than that of CRS+HIPEC group (45.5%, 5/11) (P = 0.021). The mean interval time between CRS and first post‐CRS systematic chemotherapy were 42.0 ± 12.0 days in HIPEC+Chemo+CRS group versus 69.8 ± 36.3 in CRS+HIPEC group (P = 0.163), respectively. The median OS in the HIPEC+Chemo+CRS group was 25.0 months, while 28.2 months in the CRS+HIPEC group (P = 0.738).

Conclusion

For resectable GC patients with laparoscopic findings of occult peritoneal metastasis, HIPEC plus staged CRS is with better tolerance and compliance than simultaneous CRS. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:840–847. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethical Dilemmas, Work‐Related Guilt, and Posttraumatic Stress Reactions of News Journalists Covering the Terror Attack in Norway in 2011
Authors: Backholm Klas , Idås Trond
Published: April 2015

News journalists working on crisis‐related assignments may experience dilemmas with regard to how to conduct their work without causing additional harm to first‐hand victims. In this study, we investigated how exposure to journalistic ethical dilemmas during the Oslo/Utøya terror attack in 2011 and subsequent work‐related guilt were related to the development of posttraumatic stress (PTS) reactions. Norwegian journalists (N = 371) covering the terror attack participated in a web‐based survey 8–9 months after the incident. We found that females reported more ethical dilemmas during the assignment than males (n = 356, d = 0.51). We also found that being on the scene was not related to more exposure to dilemmas (n = 311, d = 0.01). Moreover, we discovered that work‐related guilt had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between exposure to ethical dilemmas and severity of PTS reactions (n = 344, completely standardized indirect effect size = .11, 95% CI [.04, .19]. The results showed that exposure to ethical dilemmas may affect the development of long‐term psychological impairment. We concluded that media organizations can prevent postcrisis impairment by preparing employees for possible exposure to dilemmas during crisis‐related assignments.
Liver transplantation in patients with end‐stage liver disease requiring intensive care unit admission and intubation
Authors: Knaak Jan , McVey Mark , Bazerbachi Fateh , Goldaracena Nicolás , Spetzler Vinzent , Selzner Nazia , Cattral Mark , Greig Paul , Lilly Les , McGilvray Ian , Levy Gary , Ghanekar Anand , Renner Eberhard , Grant David , Hawryluck Laura , Selzner Markus
Published: April 2015

Data regarding transplantation outcomes in ventilated intensive care unit (ICU)–dependent patients with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) are conflicting. This single‐center cohort study investigated the outcomes of patients with ESLD who were intubated with mechanical support before liver transplantation (LT). The ICU plus intubation group consisted of 42 patients with decompensated cirrhosis and mechanical ventilation before transplantation. LT was considered for intubated ICU patients if the fraction of inspired oxygen was ≤40% with a positive end‐expiratory pressure ≤ 10, low pressor requirements, and the absence of an active infection. Intubated ICU patients were compared to 80 patients requiring ICU admission before transplantation without intubation and to 126 matched non–ICU‐bound patients. Patients requiring ICU care with intubation and ICU care alone had more severe postoperative complications than non–ICU‐bound patients. Intubation before transplantation was associated with more postoperative pneumonias (15% in intubated ICU transplant candidates, 5% in ICU‐bound but not intubated patients, and 3% in control group patients; P = 0.02). Parameters of reperfusion injury and renal function on postoperative day (POD) 2 and POD 7 were similar in all groups. Bilirubin levels were higher in the ICU plus intubation group at POD 2 and POD 7 after transplantation but were normalized in all groups within 3 months. The ICU plus intubation group versus the ICU‐only group and the non‐ICU group had decreased 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year graft survival (81% versus 84% versus 92%, 76% versus 78% versus 87%, and 71% versus 77% versus 84%, respectively; P = 0.19), but statistical significance was not reached. A Glasgow coma scale score of <7 versus >7 before transplantation was associated with high postoperative mortality in ICU‐bound patients requiring intubation (38% versus 23%; P = 0.01). In conclusion, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation should not be considered contraindications for LT. With careful patient selection, acceptable long‐term outcomes can be achieved despite increased postoperative complications. Liver Transpl 21:761–767, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.
Application of RKP‐FSM in the buckling and free vibration analysis of thin plates with abrupt thickness changes and internal supports
Authors: Khezri Mani , Bradford Mark A. , Vrcelj Zora
Published: April 2015

A description is given of the development and use of the Reproducing Kernel Particle Finite Strip Method for the buckling and flexural vibration analysis of plates with intermediate supports and step thickness changes. The generalized 1‐D shape functions of the Reproducing Kernel Particle Method replace the spline functions in the conventional spline finite strip method in the longitudinal direction. The structure of the generalized Reproducing Kernel Particle Method makes it a suitable tool for dealing with derivative‐type essential boundary conditions, and its introduction in the finite strip method is beneficial for solving buckling and vibration problems for thin plates in which a number of the essential boundary conditions can include the first derivatives of the displacement function. Moreover, the modified corrected collocation method is further developed for the buckling and free vibration analysis of plates with abrupt thickness changes. This provides a versatile and powerful analysis capability which facilitates the analysis of problems including plate structures with abrupt thickness changes of its component plates. The application of the proposed technique for the treatment of discontinuities and the enforcement of the internal support conditions are illustrated with a series of numerical examples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Categorization of cancer through genomic complexity could guide research and management strategies
Authors: Horlings Hugo M , Flanagan Adrienne M , Huntsman David G
Published: April 2015

Cancer management decisions are currently informed by cancer type and clinical stage, as well as age, health condition, and individual patient needs. Cancer is a genetic disease and recent genomic studies have revealed the genomic landscape of multiple tumour types. This has led to readily available catalogues of genomic features for many cancers and efforts to incorporate such information into treatment decisions. From this has evolved the concept that mutation‐based taxonomies may supersede the current cell of origin‐based categorization of neoplasia. Unfortunately, genomic features as clinically actionable information may not be directly transferable between tumour types, due to the importance of cellular and genomic context. However, we believe that high‐level views of different genomic landscapes could broadly inform research study design and treatment strategies. Herein, we use ovarian and bone cancer as examples to propose a genomic complexity‐based categorization for cancer. In addition to informing clinical study design, we describe how this categorization scheme could impact (i) improvement of accuracy of histological diagnoses, (ii) stratification of patients for targeted therapies, (iii) research study design, and (iv) personalized treatment strategies. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and theoretical study of the peculiarities of the thermo‐mechanical behavior of semicrystalline polymers
Authors: Glot Irina O. , Golotina Lyudmila A. , Shardakov Igor N.
Published: April 2015

A mathematical model for semicrystalline polymers is proposed to predict the specific features of thermal and deformation phenomena, which are realized in the processes of phase (crystallization) and relaxation (glassy‐type) transitions. To describe deformation phenomena, constitutive equations for evolution of the stress–strain state have been constructed within the framework of the phenomenological theory of continuum mechanics. The equations take into account the influence of phase and relaxation transitions on deformation processes. The polymeric material is approximated as a continuum consisting of two components, one representing the amorphous state of the material and the other the crystalline state of the material. Numerical experiments have indicated that the system of constitutive equations describes the peculiarities of the thermomechanical behavior of semicrystalline polymers in a broad temperature range that includes high elasticity, glass transition, and crystallization intervals. Based on the obtained results, a program for physical thermomechanical experiments has been developed which makes it possible to find the parameters of constitutive equations. In the experiments, two types of polymers exhibiting the characteristic behavior of semicrystalline materials, namely high‐pressure polyethylene (HPPE) with a crystalline phase content of 50% and polyamide PA‐6, were investigated. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1055–1062, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Predicting Floodplain Hypoxia in the Atchafalaya River, Louisiana, USA, a Large, Regulated Southern Floodplain River System
Authors: Pasco T. E. , Kaller M. D. , Harlan R. , Kelso W. E. , Rutherford D. A. , Roberts S.
Published: April 2015

The Atchafalaya River Basin Floodway (ARBF), a regulated river/floodplain distributary of the Mississippi River, experiences an annual flood pulse that strongly influences floodplain physicochemistry. We developed several metrics to investigate the relationship between the timing and magnitude of the flood pulse and floodplain hypoxia, which in most years is a spatially extensive and temporally prolonged problem in the lower ARBF. Principal components analysis of flood metrics from 2001 to 2009 revealed contrasting flood types (early cool and late warm), but component‐based general linear models were unable to predict the magnitude of hypoxia in ARBF water management areas (WMAs). Further analyses based on temperature and geographic information system‐determined WMA inundation with generalized additive models (GAMs) revealed WMA‐specific patterns of hypoxia, but the likelihood of hypoxia consistently increased when temperatures approached 20°C and inundation rose above 20–30%. Validation with held‐out data based on logistic regression indicated that the models constructed with the 2001–2009 temperature and inundation data were able to accurately predict the probabilities of hypoxia in two WMAs based on data collected from 2010 to 2013. The GAMs were an effective tool for visualizing and predicting the probability of hypoxia based on two easily generated parameters. Our analyses indicate that modification of the Atchafalaya River flood pulse could reduce the magnitude of hypoxia within the lower ARBF, subject to engineering (control structure operation) and economic (commercial fisheries production) constraints, by minimizing floodplain inundation after water temperatures reach 20°C. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sociodemographic Study of Danish Individuals Diagnosed with Transsexualism
Authors: Simonsen Rikke , Hald Gert Martin , Giraldi Annamaria , Kristensen Ellids
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Male-to-female (MtF) and female-to-male (FtM) individuals with transsexualism (International Classification of Diseases-10) may differ in core clinical and sociodemographic variables such as age, sexual orientation, marriage and parenthood, school, educational level, and employment. Assessing and understanding the implication of such differences may be a key to developing appropriate and effective treatment and intervention strategies for this group. However, research in the area remains sparse and is often on small populations, making the generalization of results from current studies on individuals diagnosed with transsexualism difficult.

Aims

(i) To describe and assess key sociodemographic and treatment-related differences between MtF and FtM individuals in a Danish population of individuals diagnosed with transsexualism; (ii) to assess possible implications of such difference, if any, for clinical treatment initiatives for individuals diagnosed with transsexualism.

Methods

Follow-up of 108 individuals who had permission to undergo sex reassignment surgery (SRS, meaning castration and genital plastic surgery) over a 30-year period from 1978 to 2008 through the Gender Identity Unit in Copenhagen, Denmark. The individuals were identified through Social Security numbers. Clinical and sociodemographic data from medical records were collected.

Results

The sex ratio was 1.16:1 (MtF : FtM). Mean age at first referral was 26.9 (standard deviation [SD] 8.8) years for FtM and 30.2 (SD 9.7) for MtF individuals. Compared with MtF, FtM had a significantly lower onset age (before 12 years of age) and lower age when permission for SRS was granted. Further, FtM individuals were significantly more often gynephilic (sexually attracted to females) during research period and less likely to start self-initiated hormonal sex reassignment (SR) (treatment with cross-sex hormones). The MtF and FtM groups did not differ in years of school, educational level, employment, or engagement in marriage and cohabitation.

Conclusions

As approximately half of MtF started cross-sex hormonal SR without attending a gender unit, future treatment needs to focus on this group of MtF individuals in order to accommodate the medical risks of self-initiated hormonal treatment.Earlier intervention with adolescents appears necessary since three-quarters of FtM individuals before age 12 had problems with their assigned sex. For both MtF and FtM, we found problems in areas of school, education, and employment and recommend further help in these core areas.
Essential Roles of Dopamine and Serotonin in Tooth Repair: Functional Interplay Between Odontogenic Stem Cells and Platelets
Authors: Baudry Anne , Alleaume-Butaux Aurélie , Dimitrova-Nakov Sasha , Goldberg Michel , Schneider Benoît , Launay Jean-Marie , Kellermann Odile
Published: April 2015

Characterizing stem cell intrinsic functions is an ongoing challenge for cell therapies. Here, we report that two independent A4 and H8 stem cell lines isolated from mouse molar pulp display the overall functions of bioaminergic cells. Both clones produce neurotrophins and synthesize, catabolize, store, and transport serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) and dopamine (DA). They express 5-HT1D,2B,7 and D1,3 autoreceptors, which render pulpal stem cells competent to respond to circulating 5-HT and DA. We show that injury-activated platelets are the source of systemic 5-HT and DA necessary for dental repair since natural dentin reparation is impaired in two rat models with monoamine storage-deficient blood platelets. Moreover, selective inhibition of either D1, D3, 5-HT2B, or 5-HT7 receptor within the pulp of wild-type rat molars after lesion alters the reparative process. Altogether our data argue that 5-HT and DA coreleased by pulp injury-activated platelets are critical for stem cell-mediated dental repair through 5-HT and DA receptor signalings. Stem Cells  2015;33:2586—2595
Ancestral Insertions and Expansions of rRNA do not Support an Origin of the Ribosome in Its Peptidyl Transferase Center
Authors: Caetano-Anollés Gustavo
Published: April 2015

Phylogenetic reconstruction of ribosomal history suggests that the ribonucleoprotein complex originated in structures supporting RNA decoding and ribosomal mechanics. A recent study of accretion of ancestral expansion segments of rRNA, however, contends that the large subunit of the ribosome originated in its peptidyl transferase center (PTC). Here I re-analyze the rRNA insertion data that supports this claim. Analysis of a crucial three-way junction connecting the long-helical coaxial branch that supports the PTC to the L1 stalk and its translocation functions reveals an incorrect branch-to-trunk insertion assignment that is in conflict with the PTC-centered accretion model. Instead, the insertion supports the ancestral origin of translocation. Similarly, an insertion linking a terminal coaxial trunk that holds the L7–12 stalk and its GTPase center to a seven-way junction of the molecule again questions the early origin of the PTC. Unwarranted assumptions, dismissals of conflicting data, structural insertion ambiguities, and lack of phylogenetic information compromise the construction of an unequivocal insertion-based model of macromolecular accretion. Results prompt integration of phylogenetic and structure-based models to address RNA junction growth and evolutionary constraints acting on ribosomal structure.
Meta‐Analysis of the Effects of Peer‐Administered Psychosocial Interventions on Symptoms of Depression
Authors: Bryan Amanda E. B. , Arkowitz Hal
Published: April 2015

Many community mental health centers have implemented
peer treatment models that employ recovered former clients as cost‐efficient adjunct providers. The effectiveness of these and other peer‐administered interventions (PAIs) for treating depression symptoms has not been well‐established. The current study is a meta‐analysis of PAIs’ effects on depression symptoms. Twenty‐three eligible studies were identified. Study characteristics were coded by multiple raters, random‐effects models were used to compare mean effect sizes, and mixed‐effects models were used to test for moderation. PAIs produced significant pre‐post reductions in depression symptoms (d = .5043 [95 % CI .3675–.6412]). In direct comparisons, PAIs performed as well as non‐peer‐administered interventions (.0848 [−.1455–.3151]), and significantly better than no‐treatment conditions (.2011 [.0104–.3918]). PAIs that involved a professional in a secondary treatment role were significantly less effective than those that were purely peer‐administered, and educational/skills‐based PAIs produced better outcomes than those that were mainly supportive. Follow‐up data, when available, indicated that PAIs’ benefits were maintained. PAIs reduce depression symptoms and warrant further study. The clinical significance of PAIs’ benefits, and whether they are better suited as stand‐alone or adjunct treatments, remain to be established. Implications for the roles of mental health professionals are discussed.
Political attitudes in adolescence and emerging adulthood: Developmental changes in mean level, polarization, rank‐order stability, and correlates
Authors: Rekker Roderik , Keijsers Loes , Branje Susan , Meeus Wim
Published: April 2015

This three‐wave cohort‐sequential longitudinal study (N = 1302) examined the development of two core political attitudes, economic egalitarianism and ethnocentrism, among Dutch youths between age 12 and 31. Longitudinal regression analyses revealed a curvilinear mean level development for both attitudes, reflecting an increased disagreement with economic redistribution and multiculturalism around late adolescence. Furthermore, attitudes became decreasingly polarized (i.e., less extreme) and increasingly stable with age. Finally, several effects of attitudes' correlates gradually changed: The effect of educational level on ethnocentrism increased with age, whereas the effect of gender diminished. Regional effects on ethnocentrism developed as youths resided in a new area. No age‐related change was found in the effect of parental SES. Overall, these findings support the idea that attitudes mature during the formative phase of adolescence and that this process slows down during emerging adulthood. Furthermore, these results support developmental explanations for the association between attitudes and their correlates.
LH and testosterone production are more sensitive to the suppressive effects of food deprivation in prenatally undernourished male rats
Authors: Iwasa Takeshi , Matsuzaki Toshiya , Tungalagsuvd Altankhuu , Munkhzaya Munkhsaikhan , Kuwahara Akira , Yasui Toshiyuki , Irahara Minoru
Published: April 2015

Although prenatal undernutrition affects the development of metabolic, physiological, and reproductive functions, it remains unclear whether it also affects physiological responses to undernutrition in adulthood. Therefore, in this study we examined whether prenatal undernutrition alters the sensitivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis to fasting in adult male rats. The offspring of ad libitum fed dams (control) and ∼50% food‐restricted (during the late gestational period) dams (IUGR) were sub‐divided into ad libitum fed (fed) and 48 h food deprivation (FD) groups at 10 weeks of age. In each group, the serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and leptin and the hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) regulatory factors were measured. The serum LH and testosterone levels of the IUGR‐fed rats were significantly or tend to be higher than those of the control‐fed rats, respectively. The serum LH levels of the IUGR‐FD rats were lower than those of the IUGR‐fed rats. Similarly, the serum testosterone levels of the IUGR‐FD rats tended to be lower than those of the IUGR‐fed rats. On the other hand, the serum LH and testosterone levels of the control‐fed and control‐FD rats did not differ. The serum leptin levels of the IUGR fed rats were higher than those of the control‐fed rats. The serum leptin levels of the control‐FD and IUGR‐FD rats were lower than those of the control‐fed and IUGR‐fed rats, respectively. The hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA levels of the IUGR‐FD rats were higher than those of the IUGR‐fed rats. Similarly, hypothalamic NPY mRNA levels of control‐FD rats were higher than those of the control‐fed rats. The hypothalamic kisspeptin, kisspeptin receptor, RFamide‐related peptide, GPR147, and OBRb mRNA levels of control fed rats did not differ between control‐fed and IUGR‐fed rats. Their mRNA levels of the fed and FD rats did not differ in the control or IUGR groups. These results suggested that prenatal undernutrition increased the basal LH and testosterone production, whereas they are easily reduced by food deprivation in male rats. Changes of serum leptin level, but not of hypothalamic reproductive related factors, might be involved in these alterations. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for these effects remain unclear.
Autistic spectrum disorders: A review of clinical features, theories and diagnosis
Authors: Fakhoury Marc
Published: April 2015

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders that is among the most severe in terms of prevalence, morbidity and impact to the society. It is characterized by complex behavioral phenotype and deficits in both social and cognitive functions. Although the exact cause of ASD is still not known, the main findings emphasize the role of genetic and environmental factors in the development of autistic behavior. Environmental factors are also likely to interact with the genetic profile and cause aberrant changes in brain growth, neuronal development, and functional connectivity. The past few years have seen an increase in the prevalence of ASD, as a result of enhanced clinical tests and diagnostic tools. Despite growing evidence for the involvement of endogenous biomarkers in the pathophysiology of ASD, early detection of this disorder remains a big challenge. This paper describes the main behavioral and cognitive features of ASD, as well as the symptoms that differentiate autism from other developmental disorders. An attempt will be made to integrate all the available evidence which point to reduced brain connectivity, mirror neurons deficits, and inhibition–excitation imbalance in individuals with ASD. Finally, this review discusses the main factors involved in the pathophysiology of ASD, and illustrates some of the most important markers used for the diagnosis of this debilitating disorder.
Multicriteria shape design of an aerosol can
Authors: Aalae Benki , Abderrahmane Habbal , Gael Mathis , Olivier Beigneux
Published: April 2015

One of the current challenges in the domain of the multicriteria shape optimization is to reduce the calculation time required by conventional methods. The high computational cost is due to the high number of simulation or function calls required by these methods. Recently, several studies have been led to overcome this problem by integrating a metamodel in the overall optimization loop. In this paper, we perform a coupling between the Normal Boundary Intersection – NBI – algorithm with Radial Basis Function – RBF – metamodel in order to have a simple tool with a reasonable calculation time to solve multicriteria optimization problems. First, we apply our approach to academic test cases. Then, we validate our method against an industrial case, namely, shape optimization of the bottom of an aerosol can undergoing nonlinear elasto-plastic deformation. Then, in order to select solutions among the Pareto efficient ones, we use the same surrogate approach to implement a method to compute Nash and Kalai–Smorodinsky equilibria.

Highlights We model the aerosol can. We developed an algorithm to solve multicriteria optimization problem. We solve our industrial problem with our developed algorithm. We proposed a new profiles for the bottom of the aerosol can which satisfying the customers requirements.
The Dark Halo – Spheroid Conspiracy Reloaded: Evolution with Redshift
Authors: Remus Rhea-Silvia , Dolag Klaus , Burkert Andreas
Published: April 2015

The total density profiles of elliptical galaxies can be fit by a single power law, i.e., ρtot ∝ rγ with γ ≈ −2. While strong lensing observations show a tendency for the slopes to become flatter with increasing redshift, simulations indicate an opposite trend. To understand this discrepancy, we study a set of simulated spheroids formed within the cosmological framework. From our simulations we find that the steepness of the total density slope correlates with the compactness of the stellar component within the half-mass radius, and that spheroidal galaxies tend to be more compact at high redshifts than their present-day counterparts. While both these results are in agreement with observations, the observed trend of the total density slope with redshift remains in contradiction to the results from simulations.
How Preservice Teachers Perform in Teaching Events Regarding Generic Teaching and Learning Components
Authors: Seidel Tina , Stürmer Kathleen , Schäfer Stefanie , Jahn Gloria
Published: April 2015

This study focuses on the assessment of educational-psychological teacher competencies regarding generic teaching and learning (TL) components in initial university-based teacher education. Based on the approximations-of-practice (AoP) framework, simulated teaching events (M-Teach) with different formats (tutoring, small group) were developed. In a validation study, it was asked to what extent preservice teachers show teaching skills discriminating students in their teaching quality. Furthermore, the relationship between performances in different M-Teach formats was investigated and compared with teaching in real classrooms. Finally, how preservice teachers experience teaching in M-Teach events and how their subjective experience is related to their performance was analyzed. As a sample, a full cohort of preservice teachers in the fifth semester of a Bachelor teacher education program in Germany (N = 89) participated. All participants taught two M-Teach formats of tutoring and small group teaching based on a standardized instruction and research design procedure. Video analysis of M-Teach event performance revealed that preservice teachers show relevant teaching skills with variations in teaching quality. The performance scores show a quite high stability between different formats (tutoring, small group) and are systematically related to performance in classroom teaching. Participants judge self-efficacy as high and the challenge of implementation as medium to low. The findings indicate that M-Teach events show a high fidelity for formative assessment purposes and can be used in further studies as measures for assessing the acquisition of relevant teaching skills in the area of educational-psychological competencies.
Assessing Teachers’ Educational Knowledge
Authors: Linninger Christina , Kunina-Habenicht Olga , Emmenlauer Simone , Dicke Theresa , Schulze-Stocker Franziska , Leutner Detlev , Seidel Tina , Terhart Ewald , Kunter Mareike
Published: April 2015

This paper presents two studies adding validity evidence to the assessment of educational knowledge (EK) measured by a recently developed test. The first study compared the test scores of a large sample of graduates from academic teacher education with those of a sample of first-semester teacher students. Results indicate higher scores for graduates in the majority of the tests six domains. Additionally, we gained validity evidence based on response processes by conducting 46 cognitive interviews in Study 2. Participants with different professional backgrounds stated their response strategies while taking the knowledge test. Among other results, analyses revealed that graduates and advanced students in teacher education were often familiar with item topics and solved items mostly by retrieving academic knowledge from memory. Overall, results add to previously gained evidence suggesting that test scores can be taken to measure EK mainly gained by university studies.
Wirkung von Lehrerfortbildungen auf Expertise von Lehrkräften zu formativem Assessment im kompetenzorientierten Mathematikunterricht
Authors: Besser Michael , Leiss Dominik , Klieme Eckhard
Published: April 2015

Die Expertise von Lehrkräften wird im Kontext einer Auseinandersetzung mit Bedingungsfaktoren des Lehrens und Lernens als ein entscheidendes Moment erfolgreicher Lehr-Lern-Prozesse angesehen. Insbesondere Fachwissen, fachdidaktisches Wissen sowie allgemein-pädagogisches Wissen werden dabei als zentrale Facetten von Lehrerexpertise verstanden. Weitestgehend unklar ist jedoch, wie sich Expertise von Lehrkräften (weiter)entwickelt bzw. inwieweit diese im Kontext von Lehrerfortbildungen gezielt aufgebaut werden kann. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts Co2CA sind Lehrerfortbildungen zu ausgewählten pädagogischen und didaktischen Themenschwerpunkten wissenschaftlich begleitet und mittels fortbildungssensitiver Expertisetests evaluiert worden. Innerhalb zweier nach Interesse gebildeter Untersuchungsbedingungen haben 30 Lehrkräfte an Fortbildungen zu formativem Assessment im kompetenzorientierten Mathematikunterricht (Untersuchungsbedingung A), 37 Lehrkräfte an Fortbildungen zu allgemein-didaktischen Fragen eines kompetenzorientierten Mathematikunterrichts (Untersuchungsbedingung B) teilgenommen. Quantitative Auswertungen des Expertisetests belegen die Wirksamkeit der Fortbildungen: Unter Kontrolle allgemein-fachdidaktischer Expertise verfügen Lehrkräfte aus Untersuchungsbedingung A am Ende der Fortbildungen über ein signifikant höheres Wissen zu formativem Assessment im kompetenzorientierten Mathematikunterricht als Lehrkräfte aus Untersuchungsbedingung B.
Wahrgenommene Leistungsanreize moderieren den positiven Einfluss von Leistungsmotiv-Kongruenz auf das Flow-Erleben beim Hallenklettern
Authors: Schattke Kaspar , Brandstätter Veronika , Taylor Geneviève , Kehr Hugo Martin
Published: April 2015

Flow ist ein Zustand der Selbstvergessenheit und des völligen Aufgehens in einer Tätigkeit, welcher oft mit erhöhter Leistung und einem erhöhten Genuss des Tätigkeitsvollzugs einhergeht. Die Passung von Anforderungen und Fähigkeiten scheint eine wichtige, aber nicht ausreichende Vorbedingung des Flow-Erlebens zu sein. Diese Studie geht daher der Frage nach, inwieweit die Kongruenz des impliziten und expliziten Leistungsmotivs mit wahrgenommenen Leistungsanreizen des Kletterns das Flow-Erleben erklären kann. Wir haben das Flow-Erleben von Hallenkletternden während und direkt nach dem Klettern einer intra-individuell einfachen und einer intra-individuell herausfordernden Route untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass Kletternde mehr Flow auf der herausfordernden als auf der einfachen Route erleben und dass dieser Zuwachs bei leistungsmotiv-kongruenten Kletternden größer war, wenn sie das Klettern als stark leistungsthematisch ansahen. Daher erscheint es wünschenswert, Sportlerinnen und Sportler motivational kompetenter zu machen, damit sie ihre impliziten und expliziten Motive mit den eigenen Tätigkeiten in Einklang bringen können.
A Request for Regulatory Revision
Authors: In Yoo Kyung , Davies Jan M.
Published: April 2015

Although aviation grows safer, accidents still occur, with unanticipated/unplanned and anticipated/planned emergency landings. The latter give passengers time to adopt the brace position before landing. Bracing minimizes the physical effects of multiple, sequential impacts in a crash. Passengers who do not brace are more likely to be injured and less likely to escape unaided from the aircraft, with risk of further injury or death. Passenger safety cards include brace position information, but most preflight passenger briefings omit information and demonstration about bracing. These are airline specific and, with a few exceptions, not required by national aviation regulations, because of a lack of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) requirements. If ICAO regulations required brace position briefings, these would help improve international airline passenger safety.
Langerhans-Zellhistiozytose des Magens mit BRAF-V600E-Mutation: Fallbericht und Literaturübersicht
Authors: Sarbia M. , Mauerer R. , Bettstetter M. , Funk A.
Published: April 2015

Langerhans-Zellhistiozytose ist eine Erkrankung mit sehr unterschiedlichen klinischen Präsentationen. Extrem selten kann die Langerhans-Zellhistiozytose den Gastrointestinaltrakt erwachsener Patienten betreffen. Ein Fall mit Magenschleimhautinfiltration durch eine Langerhans-Zellhistiozytose bei endoskopischem Normalbefund wird vorgestellt. Der neoplastische Charakter dieses Infiltrats wird durch den Nachweis einer BRAF-V600E-Mutation unterstrichen. Darüber hinaus wird eine Übersicht zu den 5 bislang in englischsprachiger Literatur publizierten Fällen mit isolierter Magenschleimhautinfiltration durch Langerhans-Zellhistiozytose gegeben.
Gas phase measurements of mono-fluoro-benzoic acids and the dimer of 3-fluoro-benzoic acid
Authors: Daly Adam M. , Carey Spencer J. , Pejlovas Aaron M. , Li Kexin , Kang Lu , Kukolich Stephen G.
Published: April 2015

The microwave spectrum of the mono-fluoro-benzoic acids, 2-fluoro-, 3-fluoro-, and 4-fluoro-benzoic acid have been measured in the frequency range of 4-14 GHz using a pulsed beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. Measured rotational transition lines were assigned and fit using a rigid rotor Hamiltonian. Assignments were made for 3 conformers of 2-fluorobenzoic acid, 2 conformers of 3-fluorobenzoic acid, and 1 conformer of 4-fluorobenzoic acid. Additionally, the gas phase homodimer of 3-fluorobenzoic acid was detected, and the spectra showed evidence of proton tunneling. Experimental rotational constants are A(0+) = 1151.8(5), B(0+) = 100.3(5), C(0+) = 87.64(3) MHz and A(0−) = 1152.2(5), B(0−) = 100.7(5), C(0−) = 88.85(3) MHz for the two ground vibrational states split by the proton tunneling motion. The tunneling splitting (ΔE) is approximately 560 MHz. This homodimer appears to be the largest carboxylic acid dimer observed with F-T microwave spectroscopy.
Temperature-dependent modulated reflectance of InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots-in-a-well infrared photodetectors
Authors: Nedzinskas R. , Čechavičius B. , Rimkus A. , Pozingytė E. , Kavaliauskas J. , Valušis G. , Li L. H. , Linfield E. H.
Published: April 2015

We present a photoreflectance (PR) study of multi-layer InAs quantum dot (QD) photodetector structures, incorporating InGaAs overgrown layers and positioned asymmetrically within GaAs/AlAs quantum wells (QWs). The influence of the back-surface reflections on the QD PR spectra is explained and a temperature-dependent photomodulation mechanism is discussed. The optical interband transitions originating from the QD/QW ground- and excited-states are revealed and their temperature behaviour in the range of 3–300 K is established. In particular, we estimated the activation energy (∼320 meV) of exciton thermal escape from QD to QW bound-states at high temperatures. Furthermore, from the obtained Varshni parameters, a strain-driven partial decomposition of the InGaAs cap layer is determined.
Effect of intense magnetic fields on the convection of biogenic guanine crystals in aqueous solution
Authors: Iwasaka M. , Mizukawa Y.
Published: April 2015

In this study, the basic magneto-optic properties of biogenic microcrystals in aqueous media were investigated. Microcrystals, mica plates, silica, and microcrystals from a diatom cell and biogenic guanine crystals from goldfish showed light scattering inhibition when the crystals were observed in water under a 5 T magnetic field and dark-field illumination. In particular, in 50% ethanol/water medium, convection of the biogenic guanine particle aggregates was reversibly inhibited when the microcrystal suspension was exposed to a 5 T magnetic field. Microscopic observation comparing the biogenic guanine crystals in water with 95% ethanol or 99% acetone revealed that light flickering on the surface of the crystals was affected by the surface interaction of the crystal with the surrounding medium. By considering both the magnetic orientation of the microcrystals and the possible interactions of crystals with the surrounding medium, a magnetically controllable fluidic tracer was suggested.
A magnetically levitated synchronous permanent magnet planar motor with concentric structure winding used for lithography machine
Authors: Zhang Lu , Kou Baoquan , Xing Feng , Jin Yinxi , Zhang Hailin , Zhu Jianguo
Published: April 2015

A novel magnetically levitated synchronous permanent magnet planar motor (MLSPMPM) with concentric structure winding, which can be used in lithography machine, is proposed in this paper. Topology and principle of the new MLSPMPM are introduced. The scalar magnetic potential is used to solve the magnetic system, and the differential equations are solved by the separation of variables method according to the boundary conditions. Characteristics, such as flux density, electromagnetic force, and back-EMF of the MLSPMPM, are obtained analytically. All of the results are validated by the finite element method. A prototype of the MLSPMPM is manufactured. Based on the prototype motor, some experiments are carried out. The measured results are used to showcase the validity of the analytical analysis.
Pattern recognition with magnonic holographic memory device
Authors: Kozhevnikov A. , Gertz F. , Dudko G. , Filimonov Y. , Khitun A.
Published: April 2015

In this work, we present experimental data demonstrating the possibility of using magnonic holographic devices for pattern recognition. The prototype eight-terminal device consists of a magnetic matrix with micro-antennas placed on the periphery of the matrix to excite and detect spin waves. The principle of operation is based on the effect of spin wave interference, which is similar to the operation of optical holographic devices. Input information is encoded in the phases of the spin waves generated on the edges of the magnonic matrix, while the output corresponds to the amplitude of the inductive voltage produced by the interfering spin waves on the other side of the matrix. The level of the output voltage depends on the combination of the input phases as well as on the internal structure of the magnonic matrix. Experimental data collected for several magnonic matrixes show the unique output signatures in which maxima and minima correspond to specific input phase patterns. Potentially, magnonic holographic devices may provide a higher storage density compare to optical counterparts due to a shorter wavelength and compatibility with conventional electronic devices. The challenges and shortcoming of the magnonic holographic devices are also discussed.
Effect of magnetic spins flipping process on the dielectric properties of α-Fe1.6Ga0.4O3 system
Authors: Lone Abdul Gaffar , Bhowmik R. N.
Published: April 2015

The α-Fe1.6Ga0.4O3 (Ga doped α-Fe2O3) sample has been stabilized in rhombohedral structure. The sample is a canted ferromagnet at 300 K and above. The spins structure starts flipping from in-plane direction to out of plane direction of the rhombohedral structure to exhibit an antiferromagnetic order below a typical temperature ∼ 215 K, known as Morin transition. The magnetic and dielectric properties of α-Fe1.6Ga0.4O3 system have been discussed in the temperature range 123 K to 350 K to examine the effect of magnetic spins flipping process on dielectric properties. The dielectric constant has shown an anomalous peak at ∼ 310 K, followed by a rapidly decrease of dielectric constant with temperature and becomes weakly temperature dependent below Morin transition. The temperature dependent dielectric constant is accompanied with the changes in electrical conductivity, dielectric loss and phase shift of the current with respect to applied ac voltage across the material. The magnetization and dielectric constant showed a linear relation over a wide range of temperature across the Morin transition. The dielectric constant at room temperature decreases under magnetic field, which indicates magneto-dielectric effect in the system. The signature of magneto-dielectric effect reveals a coupling between spins degrees of freedom (magnetic order) and charge degrees of freedom (electric polarization) in corundum structured non-traditional ferroelectric systems.
The importance of phytoplankton trait variability in spring bloom formation
Authors: Lewandowska Aleksandra M. , Striebel Maren , Feudel Ulrike , Hillebrand Helmut , Sommer Ulrich
Published: April 2015

About 60 years ago, the critical depth hypothesis was proposed to describe the occurrence of spring phytoplankton blooms and emphasized the role of stratification for the timing of onset. Since then, several alternative hypotheses appeared focusing on the role of grazing and mixing processes such as turbulent convection or wind activity. Surprisingly, the role of community composition—and thus the distribution of phytoplankton traits—for bloom formation has not been addressed. Here, we discuss how trait variability between competing species might influence phytoplankton growth during the onset of the spring bloom. We hypothesize that the bloom will only occur if there are species with a combination of traits fitting to the environmental conditions at the respective location and time. The basic traits for formation of the typical spring bloom are high growth rates and photoadaptation to low light conditions, but other traits such as nutrient kinetics and grazing resistance might also be important. We present concise ideas on how to test our theoretical considerations experimentally. Furthermore, we suggest that future models of phytoplankton blooms should include both water column dynamics and variability of phytoplankton traits to make realistic projections instead of treating the phytoplankton bloom as an aggregate community phenomenon.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor/microRNA-212/132 axis in T cells regulates IL-10 production to maintain intestinal homeostasis
Authors: Chinen Ichino , Nakahama Taisuke , Kimura Akihiro , Nguyen Nam T. , Takemori Hiroshi , Kumagai Ayako , Kayama Hisako , Takeda Kiyoshi , Lee Soyoung , Hanieh Hamza , Ripley Barry , Millrine David , Dubey Praveen K. , Nyati Kishan K. , Fujii-Kuriyama Yoshiaki , Chowdhury Kamal , Kishimoto Tadamitsu
Published: April 2015

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), a transcription factor, plays a critical role in autoimmune inflammation of the intestine. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding oligonucleotides, mediate pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, the precise mechanism and interactions of these molecules in IBD pathogenesis have not yet been investigated. We analyzed the role of Ahr and Ahr-regulated miRNAs in colonic inflammation. Our results show that deficiency of Ahr in intestinal epithelial cells in mice exacerbated inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Deletion of Ahr in T cells attenuated colitis, which was manifested by suppressed Th17 cell infiltration into the lamina propria. Candidate miRNA analysis showed that induction of colitis elevated expression of the miR-212/132 cluster in the colon of wild-type mice, whereas in Ahr−/− mice, expression was clearly lower. Furthermore, miR-212/132−/− mice were highly resistant to colitis and had reduced levels of Th17 cells and elevated levels of IL-10-producing CD4+ cells. In vitro analyses revealed that induction of type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells was significantly elevated in miR-212/132−/− T cells with increased c-Maf expression. Our findings emphasize the vital role of Ahr in intestinal homeostasis and suggest that inhibition of miR-212/132 represents a viable therapeutic strategy for treating colitis.
Isolation of Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. nov. from a sandy beach, and emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus
Authors: Yaakop Amira Suriaty , Chan Kok-Gan , Ee Robson , Kahar Ummirul Mukminin , Kon Wei Cheun , Goh Kian Mau
Published: April 2015

A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated D5T, was isolated from seawater collected from a sandy beach in a southern state of Malaysia and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87 % similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872T. DNA–DNA hybridization of strain D5T with J. alimentarius JCM 10872T demonstrated 26.3 % relatedness. The peptidoglycan type was A1α linked directly to l-lysine as the diamino acid. The predominant quinones identified in strain D5T were menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8.The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The G+C content of its DNA was 43.0 mol%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, as well as two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that strain D5T represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain D5T = DSM 28777T = KCTC33550T). An emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus is also provided.