bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Dissolved Phosphorus in Runoff from Manured Field Plots
Authors: Vadas P. A. , Haggard B. E. , Gburek W. J.
Published: July 2005

Dissolved inorganic P transport in runoff from agricultural soils is an environmental concern. Models are used to predict P transport but rarely simulate P in runoff from surface‐applied manures. Using field‐plot data, we tested a previously proposed model to predict manure P in runoff. We updated the model to include more data relating water to manure ratio to manure P released during water extractions. We verified that this update can predict P release from manure to rain using published data. We tested the updated model using field‐plot and soil‐box data from three manure runoff studies. The model accurately predicted runoff P for boxes, but underpredicted runoff P for plots. Underpredictions were caused by runoff to rain ratios used to distribute P into runoff or infiltration. We developed P distribution fractions from manure water extraction data to replace runoff to rain ratios. Calculating P distribution fractions requires knowing rainfall rate and times that runoff begins and rain stops. Using P distribution fractions gave accurate predictions of runoff P for soil boxes and field plots. We observed relationships between measured runoff to rain ratios and both P distribution fractions and a degree of error in original predictions, calculated as (measured runoff P/predicted runoff P). Using independent field‐plot data, we verified that original underpredictions of manure runoff P can be improved by calculating P distribution fractions from measured runoff to rain ratios or adjusting runoff to rain ratios based on their degree of error. Future work should test the model at field or watershed scales and at longer time scales.
Soil Redistribution Model for Undisturbed and Cultivated Sites Based on Chernobyl‐Derived Cesium‐137 Fallout
Authors: Hrachowitz Markus , Maringer Franz‐Josef , Steineder Christian , Gerzabek Martin H.
Published: July 2005

Measurements of 137Cs fallout have been used in combination with a range of conversion models for the investigation of soil relocation mechanisms and sediment budgets in many countries for more than 20 yr. The objective of this paper is to develop a conversion model for quantifying soil redistribution, based on Chernobyl‐derived 137Cs. The model is applicable on uncultivated as well as on cultivated sites, taking into account temporal changes in the 137Cs depth distribution pattern as well as tillage‐induced 137Cs dilution effects. The main idea of the new model is the combination of a modified exponential model describing uncultivated soil with a Chapman distribution based model describing cultivated soil. The compound model subsequently allows a dynamic description of the Chernobyl derived 137Cs situation in the soil and its change, specifically migration and soil transport processes over the course of time. Using the suggested model at the sampling site in Pettenbach, in the Austrian province of Oberösterreich 137Cs depth distributions were simulated with a correlation coefficient of 0.97 compared with the measured 137Cs depth profile. The simulated rates of soil distribution at different positions at the sampling site were found to be between 27 and 60 Mg ha−1 yr−1 It was shown that the model can be used to describe the temporal changes of 137Cs depth distributions in cultivated as well as uncultivated soils. Additionally, the model allows to quantify soil redistribution in good correspondence with already existing models.
Influence of Canola and Sunflower Diet Amendments on Cattle Feedlot Manure
Authors: Hao Xiying , Mir Priya S. , Shah Mohammad A. , Travis Greg R.
Published: July 2005

Cattle (Bos taurus) producers can replace a part of the traditional diet of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain/silage with sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) seeds or canola meal (Brassica napus L.)/oil to enhance conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) content in milk and meat for its positive health benefits. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of feeding sunflower or canola to finishing steers on cattle manure chemical properties and volatile fatty acid (VFA) content. The control diet contained 84% rolled barley and 15% barley silage, which provided only 2.6% lipid. The other six treatments had 6.6 to 8.6% lipid delivered from sources such as hay, sunflower seed (SS), canola meal/oil, and SS forage pellets. Manure samples (a mixture of cattle urine, feces, and woodchip bedding materials) were collected and analyzed after cattle had been on these diets for 113 d. The dietary source and level of lipid had no effect on organic N and nitrate N content in manure, but significantly affected ammonia N and VFA. Inclusion of SS forage pellets, hay, or canola meal/oil in cattle diets had no significant impact on manure characteristics, but SS significantly reduced the pH and increased propionic, isobutyric, and isovaleric content. In addition, N loss after excretion (mainly from urine N) increases with the pH and N levels in both feed and manure. The combination of SS with barley silage resulted in a lower VFA and NH3 content in manure and should be a more attractive option. To better manage N nutrient cycles and reduce NH3 related odor problems, feed and manure pH should be one of the factors to consider when determining feed mix rations.
Maximum Rates of Nitrate Removal in a Denitrification Wall
Authors: Schipper Louis A. , Barkle Gregory F. , Vojvodic‐Vukovic Maja
Published: July 2005

Denitrification walls are constructed by mixing a carbon source such as sawdust into soils through which ground water passes. These systems can reduce nitrate inputs to receiving waters by enhancing denitrification. Maximum rates of nitrate removal by denitrification need to be determined for design purposes. To determine maximum rates of nitrate removal we added excess nitrate (50 mg N L−1) to a trench up‐gradient of a denitrification wall during a 9‐d trial. Bromide (100 g L−1) was also added as a conservative tracer. Movement of nitrate and bromide was measured from shallow wells and soil samples were removed for measurements of denitrification, carbon availability, nitrate, and other microbial parameters. Rates of nitrate removal, determined from the ratio of NO3–N to Br and ground water flow, averaged 1.4 g N m−3 of wall d−1 and were markedly greater than denitrification rates determined using the acetylene block technique (average: 0.11 g N m−3 of wall d−1). These nitrate removal rates were generally lower than reported in other denitrification walls. Denitrification rates increased when nitrate was added to the laboratory incubations, indicating that despite large nitrate inputs in the field, denitrification remained limited by nitrate. This limitation was partially attributed to nitrate predominantly moving through zones of greater hydraulic conductivity or in the mobile fraction of the ground water and slow diffusion to the immobile fraction where denitrifiers were active.
Disturbance of Water‐Extractable Phosphorus Determination by Colloidal Particles in a Heavy Clay Soil from the Netherlands
Authors: Koopmans G. F. , Chardon W. J. , van der Salm C.
Published: July 2005

Water extraction methods are widely used to extract phosphorus (P) from soils for both agronomic and environmental purposes. Both the presence of soil colloids in soil water filtrates, and the contribution of colloidal P to the molybdate‐reactive phosphorus (MRP) concentration measured in these filtrates, are well documented. However, relatively little attention has been given to the direct disturbance by colloids of MRP measurement. The objective of this paper is to show this influence found for water extracts with a soil to solution ratio of 1:60 (v/v) (Pw), obtained from a heavy clay soil in the Netherlands. Colloidal particles, which passed a 0.45‐μm filter, caused a large overestimation of MRP. The low ionic strength of the Pw filtrates (on average 0.64 mmolc L−1) probably caused soil dispersion and increased detachment of colloids from soil during extraction. After NaCl addition, followed by 0.45‐μm filtration, MRP was on average 93% lower. This can be ascribed to flocculation of colloids and removal by filtration. A low ionic strength can thus lead to the direct disturbance by colloidal particles of MRP measurement in waters from soils sensitive to release of colloids.
Bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia with absent pleura and pericardium
Authors: St. Peter Shawn D. , Shah Sohail R. , Little Danny C. , Calkins Casey M. , Sharp Ronald J. , Ostlie Daniel J.
Published: July 2005

BACKGROUND

Bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a rare form of diaphragmatic hernia. Independently, pericardial defects are an extremely rare phenomenon. In the case presented, we provide the first complete description of an infant with bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia with complete agenesis of the pericardium and inferior parietal pleura.

CASE

A male infant was born at 38 weeks of gestation with a prenatal diagnosis of left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia. After 1 week of aggressive management, the patient was taken to the operating room for repair. Intraoperatively, the patient was found to have absence of the diaphragm bilaterally, no pleura inferiorly, and no pericardium. A biological mesh was used to construct a diaphragm. At 6 months of age, the patient is growing normally, requiring only supplemental oxygen without pressure support.

CONCLUSIONS

Embryologically, this anomaly represents complete lack of development of the pleurocardial folds, pleuroperitoneal folds, and transverse septum, which is previously unreported. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theoretical study of volume changes associated with the helix–coil transition of an alanine‐rich peptide in aqueous solution
Authors: Imai Takashi , Takekiyo Takahiro , Kovalenko Andriy , Hirata Fumio , Kato Minoru , Taniguchi Yoshihiro
Published: July 2005

The changes in the partial molar volume (PMV) associated with the conformational transition of an alanine‐rich peptide AK16 from the α‐helix structure to various random coil structures are calculated by the three‐dimensional interaction site model (3D‐RISM) theory coupled with the Kirkwood–Buff theory. The volume change is analyzed by decomposing it into contributions from geometry and hydration: the changes in the van der Waals, void, thermal, and interaction volume. The total change in the PMV is positive. This is primarily due to the growth of void space within the peptide, which is canceled in part by the volume reduction resulting from the increase in the electrostatic interaction between the peptide and water molecules. The changes in the void and thermal volume of the coil structures are widely distributed and tend to compensate each other. Additionally, the relations between the hydration volume components and the surface properties are investigated. We categorize coil structures into extended coils with the PMV smaller than helix and general coils with the PMV larger than helix. The pressure therefore can both stabilize and destabilize the coil structures. The latter seems to be a more proper model of random coil structures of the peptide. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 97–105, 2005

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Total Spontaneous Resolution of Chiral Covalent Networks from Stereochemically Labile Metal Complexes
Authors: Johansson Anna , Håkansson Mikael , Jagner Susan
Published: July 2005

Stereochemically labile copper and zinc complexes with the N,N′‐dimethylethylenediamine ligand (dmeda) have been shown to be promising precursors for the total spontaneous resolution of chiral covalent networks. (N,N′)‐[Cu(NO3)2(dmeda)]∞ crystallises as a conglomerate and yields either enantiopure (R,R)‐1 or enantiopure (S,S)‐1. A mixed‐valence copper(I/II) complex, [{CuIIBr2(dmeda)}3(CuIBr)2]∞ (2), which crystallises as a pair of interpenetrating chiral (10,3)‐a nets, is formed from CuBr, CuBr2 and dmeda. One net contains ligands with solely (R,R) configuration and exhibits helices with (P) configuration while the other has solely (S,S)‐dmeda ligands and gives rise to a net in which the helices have (M) configuration. The whole crystalline arrangement is racemic, because the interpenetrating chiral nets are of opposite handedness. With zinc chloride (R,S)‐[ZnCl(dmeda)2]2[ZnCl4] (3) is obtained, which is a network structure, although not chiral. Total spontaneous resolution of stereochemically labile metal complexes formed from achiral or racemic building blocks is suggested as a viable route for the preparation of covalent chiral networks. Once the absolute structure of the compound has been determined by X‐ray crystallography, a quantitative determination of the enantiomeric excess of the bulk product can be undertaken by means of solid‐state CD spectroscopy.
Highly Diastereoselective Diels–Alder Reactions with Enantiopure Sulfinyl‐Substituted 1‐Hydroxymethyldienes
Authors: Fernández de la Pradilla Roberto , Montero Carlos , Tortosa Mariola , Viso Alma
Published: July 2005

Enantiopure hydroxy‐2‐ and ‐3‐sulfinyldienes undergo highly selective Diels–Alder cycloadditions with various dienophiles controlled by the chiral sulfur atom. The related hydroxy‐2‐sulfonyldienes display complementary π‐facial selectivity.
Safely reducing length of stay after open radical retropubic prostatectomy under the guidance of a clinical care pathway
Authors: Chang Sam S. , Cole Emily , Smith Joseph A. , Baumgartner Roxelyn , Wells Nancy , Cookson Michael S.
Published: July 2005

BACKGROUND

Collaborative care pathways have proven to be a safe and effective method of decreasing length of hospital stay (LOS) and costs after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). In the current study, the authors evaluated the safety and efficacy of a pathway transitioning from a 3‐day to a 2‐day LOS.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective chart review of 994 patients who underwent RRP at the study institution between July 1994 and December 2001. A total of 561 patients were managed on a 3‐day LOS pathway, 172 were managed during the transition period from 3 to 2 days, and 261 were managed on a 2‐day LOS pathway. Statistical analysis was performed comparing preoperative variables and complications among the three groups.

RESULTS

No statistically significant differences were found in comparisons of preoperative and demographic variables including age, race, medical comorbidities, preoperative prostate‐specific antigen level, clinical stage of disease at presentation, and biopsy Gleason score. Forty‐nine of the 561 patients (8.7%) remained longer than their targeted 3‐day LOS, whereas 14 of 261 patients (5.4%) were hospitalized for longer than their targeted 2‐day LOS, a difference that approached statistical significance (P = 0.058). During the transition period, 99 of 172 patients (57.6%) were discharged on postoperative Day 2 and 73 patients (42.4%) were discharged on postoperative Day 3. Complication rates were found to be significantly lower (P = 0.013) in the 2‐day LOS group (2.3%) compared with the 3‐day LOS group (7.0%) and the transition group (8.1%). The rate of readmission remained constant at 3% during this time period.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, greater than 90% of patients were discharged within 2–3 days of surgery with acceptable complication rates, suggesting that in a consistent patient population, the transition from a 3‐day LOS to a 2‐day LOS can be done successfully without compromising patient safety. Evaluation currently is ongoing with regard to a 1‐day LOS. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The feasibility of neoadjuvant high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with nonmetastatic high grade localized osteosarcoma
Authors: Arpaci Fikret , Ataergin Selmin , Ozet Ahmet , Erler Kaan , Basbozkurt Mustafa , Ozcan Ayhan , Komurcu Seref , Ozturk Bekir , Celasun Bulent , Kilic Selim , Kuzhan Okan
Published: July 2005

BACKGROUND

The primary and secondary objectives of the current study were to improve the ≥ 90% tumor necrosis rate and assess the toxicity profile of the neoadjuvant high‐dose chemotherapy (HDC) regimen, respectively.

METHODS

Twenty‐two patients with AJCC Stage IIB high‐grade osteosarcoma were included in the current study. Two cycles of an induction chemotherapy regimen including cisplatin, doxorubicin, and ifosfamide followed by HDC and autologous peripheral blood stem cell support or transplantation (APBSCT) were given. After engraftment was achieved, the patients underwent limb‐sparing surgery (LSS) followed by three to six cycles of postoperative chemotherapy depending on the tumor necrosis rate.

RESULTS

The median follow‐up, the total duration of treatment, and the time to surgery were 23.7 months, 5.96 months, and 3.03 months, respectively. The necrosis rate was at least 90% in 82% of the cases. The 3‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were 83% and 70%, respectively. Leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, nausea and emesis, and mucositis were the most frequent Grade 3 and Grade 4 toxicities (according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria [version 2.0]) of induction, high‐dose, and adjuvant chemotherapies. At the time of last follow‐up, no patient had died of chemotherapeutic toxicity. LSS was performed in all patients. Surgery‐related complications were reported in 3 of 22 patients. Functional scoring results were excellent in eight patients, good in nine patients, fair in two patients, and poor in three patients.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the current Phase II study suggest that neoadjuvant HDC provides a greater than 90% necrosis rate with acceptable toxicity. A short duration of therapy and the feasibility of LSS in all patients are additional advantages of this approach. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Gas‐Phase Structure of N,N‐Dimethylglycine
Authors: Lesarri Alberto , Cocinero Emilio J. , López Juan C. , Alonso José L.
Published: July 2005

Three conformers of the neutral amino acid N,N‐dimethylglycine [(CH3)2NCH2COOH] were detected in a supersonic expansion by a combination of laser ablation (LA) and molecular‐beam Fourier transform microwave (MB‐FTMW) spectroscopy. A bifurcated methyl‐to‐carbonyl (CH⋅⋅⋅OC) weak intramolecular hydrogen bond might stabilise the most stable conformer of Cs symmetry. The second most stable conformer of C1 symmetry has a hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group and the lone pair at the nitrogen atom (N⋅⋅⋅HO). The rs and r0 structures were derived for this conformer from the rotational data for the parent and six minor 13C, 15N and OD isotopomers. A third conformer exhibits a cis‐carboxyl functional group and C1 symmetry. Ab initio MP2/6‐311++G(d,p) predictions of the spectroscopic parameters were useful in analysing the spectra. In particular, the agreement of the nuclear quadrupole coupling constants with those calculated was conclusive in identifying the different conformers.
Ab initio Study of Some Intramolecularly Donor‐Stabilized Silenes
Authors: Wandschneider Dirk , Michalik Manfred , Oehme Hartmut , Heintz Andreas
Published: July 2005

Ab initio calculations were performed to predict geometric structures, stabilizing energies and rotational barriers of some intramolecularly donor‐stabilized silenes. Calculations were performed using the HF, MP2, and B3LYP method with the 6‐31G(d) and 6‐31++G(d,p) basis set. Results were compared to experimentally available X‐ray structures and energy barriers known from temperature dependent 1H NMR measurements. Various approaches were applied to get an insight into the remarkable stability of these thermodynamically stabilized Si=C compounds. The results indicate a strong stabilizing effect of the intramolecular Si–N donor‐acceptor bond. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Self‐Assembly by Ligand‐Exchange Reactions
Authors: Chand Dillip Kumar , Manivannan Ramalingam , Sahoo Himansu S. , Jeyakumar Kandasamy
Published: July 2005

An interesting phenomenon of ligand exchange is observed in the DMSO solution of certain self‐assembled molecules generated from cis‐protected PdII and organic ligands. Upon heating, assemblies such as [{Pd(en)}x(ligand)y](NO3)2x change to [Pdm(ligand)n](NO3)2m and [Pd(en)2](NO3)2. The change is also possible at room temperature when 0.5 equiv. Pd(en)(NO3)2 is added in excess to the system. The transformation is incomplete when the ligand moiety is monodentate in nature, for example in the case of 4‐phenylpyridine. However, multinuclear assemblies containing nonchelating, polydentate ligands used in this study entirely favor the transformation. This process is not possible with some related PtII compounds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Variability in the Structures of Luminescent [2‐(Aminomethyl)pyridine]silver(I) Complexes: Effect of Ligand Ratio, Anion, Hydrogen Bonding, and π‐Stacking
Authors: Feazell Rodney P. , Carson Cody E. , Klausmeyer Kevin K.
Published: July 2005

The reaction of 2‐(aminomethyl)pyridine (2‐amp) with silver(I) salts of triflate (OTf–), trifluoroacetate (tfa–), and tetrafluoroborate (BF4–) produce monomeric, dimeric, bridged, and polymeric structural motifs. The structural characteristics are dependent upon the ratio of ligand/metal in the structure as well as the ability of the anion to coordinate to the metal centers and form hydrogen bonds to the bound ligands. The silver coordination environment takes on several geometries including near linear (6), trigonal (4), tetrahedral (1), and both trigonal‐bipyramidal and square‐based pyramidal in a single structure (2). Structures 2, 3, and 5 also display short Ag–Ag contacts ranging from 2.8958(3) to 3.0305(4) Å. The species with metal–metal interactions, which are connectively very similar to their metal‐isolated counterparts of 1, 4, and 6, are held together only by weak π‐stacking interactions or hydrogen bonds to their respective anions. Low‐temperature luminescence spectra were collected for all compounds and are compared. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Metallocene–PNA Oligomers
Authors: Maurer Andrea , Kraatz Heinz‐Bernhard , Metzler‐Nolte Nils
Published: July 2005

The synthesis of ferrocene‐ and cobaltocenium–PNA conjugates with C‐terminal cysteine residues by solid phase methods is described. Melting points with complementary DNA reveal that both metallocenes stabilize the duplex, although to a different extent. The effect is more pronounced when there is an overhang of the DNA at the PNA amino terminus. The conjugates were studied by electrochemical methods in solution. They were also immobilized on Au microelectrodes in self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) and further characterized electrochemically on the surface. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis and Characterization of a 3D H‐Bonded Supramolecular Complex with Chiral Channels Encapsulating 1D Left‐Handed Helical Water Chains
Authors: Lou Benyong , Jiang Feilong , Yuan Daqiang , Wu Benlai , Hong Maochun
Published: July 2005

A chiral CuII dinuclear complex [Cu2(L‐shis)2]·4H2O (H2shis = N‐salicylidenylhistidine) has been synthesized. The dinuclear units are assembled into a 3D hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular structure with 1D chiral channels through hydrogen bonds between imidazole N–H groups and carboxylate oxygen atoms. 1D left‐handed helical water chains in an AABB fashion, anchored through weak hydrogen‐bonding interactions with the host complex, are embodied in the chiral channels. X‐ray powder diffraction shows the porous structure is destroyed when the lattice water molecules are removed thermally from the channels. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Nonlinear Optical Activity and High Thermal Stability of a New 3DOpen‐Framework with Interconnected 24‐, 16‐, and 8‐Atom Channels: (NH4)Zn[O3PCH(OH)CO2]
Authors: Fu Ruibiao , Zhang Huishuang , Wang Longsheng , Hu Shengmin , Li Yaming , Huang Xihe , Wu Xintao
Published: July 2005

Hydrothermal reaction of hydroxy(phosphono)acetic acid, H2O3PCH(OH)CO2H, with zinc(II) acetate resulted in a new ammonium zinc hydroxy(phosphonato)acetate, (NH4)Zn[O3PCH(OH)CO2] (1). The structure of 1 contains a 3D open‐framework consisting of interconnected 24‐, 16‐, and 8‐atom channels. TGA and XRD reveal that the framework is stable up to 350 °C in air. Its powder SHG intensity is about 0.8 times that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate KDP. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Delineation of distinct subgroups of multiple myeloma and a model for clonal evolution based on interphase cytogenetics
Authors: Cremer Friedrich W. , Bila Jelena , Buck Isabelle , Kartal Mutlu , Hose Dirk , Ittrich Carina , Benner Axel , Raab Marc S. , Theil Ann‐Cathrin , Moos Marion , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Bartram Claus R. , Jauch Anna
Published: July 2005

To delineate multiple myeloma (MM) subgroups and their clonal evolution, we analyzed 81 newly diagnosed patients by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization using a comprehensive probe set for 10 chromosomes and two IGH rearrangements. A median of 5 probes per patient displayed aberrant signal numbers (range, 1–10). Additional copies most frequently found were for 15q22, 19q13, 9q34, 11q23, and 1q21. Losses commonly observed were of 13q14.3, 17p13, and 22q11. Predominance of gain or loss was quantified by a copy number score (CS) for each patient. Two peaks (CS = +3 and CS = 0) were found by plotting patient copy number scores over CS values corresponding to hyperdiploid and nonhyperdiploid MM. Cluster analysis revealed four major branches: (i) gain of 9q, 15q, 19q, and/or 11q; (ii) deletion of 13q and t(4;14); (iii) t(11;14); and (iv) gain of 1q. Statistical modeling of an oncogenetic tree indicated that early independent events were gain of 15q/9q and/or 11q, t(11;14); deletion of 13q followed by t(4;14); and gain of 1q. Aberrations of 17p13, 22q11, 8p12, and 6q21 were found as subsequent events. MM with gain of 1q was delineated as a subentity with significantly higher beta‐2‐microglobulin and lower hemoglobin levels, indicating a poor prognosis. From our results, we propose a model of MM for clonal evolution. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A BCR–JAK2 fusion gene as the result of a t(9;22)(p24;q11.2) translocation in a patient with a clinically typical chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Griesinger Frank , Hennig Heike , Hillmer Frauke , Podleschny Martina , Steffens Rainer , Pies Andreas , Wörmann Bernhard , Haase Detlef , Bohlander Stefan K.
Published: July 2005

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the presence of a t(9;22)(q34;q11.2), which leads to the well‐known BCR–ABL1 fusion protein. We describe a patient who was diagnosed clinically with a typical CML but on cytogenetic analysis was found to have a t(9;22)(p24;q11.2). Chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the BCR gene locus spanned the breakpoint at band 22q11.2 but that the ABL1 gene was not rearranged. By means of a candidate gene approach, the JAK2 gene, at 9p24, was identified as the fusion partner of BCR in this case. The BCR–JAK2 fusion protein contains the coiled‐coil dimerization domain of BCR and the protein tyrosine kinase domain (JH1) of JAK2. The patient's disease did not respond to Imatinib, and this unresponsiveness was most likely a result of the BCR–JAK2 fusion protein. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IGF2/H19 imprinting analysis of human germ cell tumors (GCTs) using the methylation‐sensitive single‐nucleotide primer extension method reflects the origin of GCTs in different stages of primordial germ cell development
Authors: Sievers Sonja , Alemazkour Katayoun , Zahn Susanne , Perlman Elizabeth J. , Gillis Ad J. M. , Looijenga Leendert H. J. , Göbel Ulrich , Schneider Dominik T.
Published: July 2005

Previous studies have demonstrated biallelic expression of the imprinted genes H19 and IGF2 and loss of DNA methylation of the SNRPN gene, indicating a common precursor cell of human germ cell tumors (GCTs), namely, the primordial germ cell (PGC). In this study, we applied the methylation‐sensitive single‐nucleotide primer extension (MS‐SNuPE) technique to the analysis of the IGF2/H19 imprinting control region (ICR) in 55 GCTs from representative clinical and histologic subgroups. Most GCTs showed low methylation at the IGF2/H19 ICR. All 8 ovarian GCTs, 9 of 10 testicular seminomas, 7 of 10 testicular nonseminomas (all in adolescents/adults), 6 of 9 testicular yolk sac tumors (YSTs), and 12 of 14 nongonadal GCTs (all in infants/children) were hypomethylated. The highest methylation was observed in three childhood YSTs (boys) and 2 of 4 spermatocytic seminomas. The latter are derived from more advanced stages of germ‐cell development. The predominantly low methylation of most of the other GCTs correlates with studies that demonstrated erasure of the methylation imprint of the IGF2/H19 ICR during embryonal PGC migration and development. These findings suggest that the IGF2/H19 methylation status in GCTs might reflect preservation of the physiologic imprinting erasure in PGCs rather than a loss of imprinting in a sense that is accepted for somatic tumors. Furthermore, this study indicates that imprinting control mechanisms other than the proposed CTCF (CCCTC binding factor) boundary model regulate IGF2 expression during this stage of PGC development as well as in GCTs derived from PGC. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adult human subventricular, subgranular, and subpial zones contain astrocytes with a specialized intermediate filament cytoskeleton
Authors: Roelofs Reinko F. , Fischer David F. , Houtman Simone H. , Sluijs Jacqueline A. , Van Haren Wendy , Van Leeuwen Fred W. , Hol Elly M.
Published: July 2005

Human glial fibrillary acidic protein‐δ (GFAP‐δ) is a GFAP protein isoform that is encoded by an alternative splice variant of the GFAP‐gene. As a result, GFAP‐δ protein differs from the predominant splice form, GFAP‐α, by its C‐terminal protein sequence. In this study, we show that GFAP‐δ protein is not expressed by all GFAP‐expressing astrocytes but specifically by a subpopulation located in the subpial zone of the cerebral cortex, the subgranular zone of the hippocampus, and, most intensely, by a ribbon of astrocytes following the ependymal layer of the cerebral ventricles. Therefore, at least in the sub ventricular zone (SVZ), GFAP‐δ specifically marks the population of astrocytes that contain the neural stem cells in the adult human brain. Interestingly, the SVZ astrocytes actively splice GFAP‐δ transcripts, in contrast to astrocytes adjacent to this layer. Furthermore, we show that GFAP‐δ protein, unlike GFAP‐α, is not upregulated in astrogliosis. Our data therefore indicate a different functional role for GFAP‐δ in astrocyte physiology. Finally, transfection studies showed that GFAP‐δ protein expression has a negative effect on GFAP filament formation, and therefore could be important for modulating intermediate filament cytoskeletal properties, possibly facilitating astrocyte motility. Further studies on GFAP‐δ and the cells that express it are important for gaining insights into its function during differentiation, migration and during health and disease. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Degradation and drug release of phosphate glass/polycaprolactone biological composites for hard‐tissue regeneration
Authors: Kim Hae‐Won , Lee Eun‐Jung , Jun In‐Kook , Kim Hyoun‐Ee , Knowles Jonathan C.
Published: July 2005

Phosphate‐based glass (P‐glass) and poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) composites were fabricated in a sheet form by solvent extraction and thermal pressing methods, and the antibiotic drug Vancomycin was loaded within the composites for use as a hard‐tissue regenerative. The degradation and drug‐release rate of the composites in vitro were tailored by modifying the glass composition: 0.45P2O5‐xCaO‐(0.55‐x)Na2O, where x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. Compared to pure PCL, all the P‐glass/PCL composites degraded to a higher degree, and the composite with lower‐CaO glass showed a higher material loss. This was attributed mainly to the dissolution of the glass component. The glass dissolution also increased the degradation of PCL component in the composites. The Vancomycin release from the composites was strongly dependent on the glass composition. Drug release in pure PCL was initially abrupt and flattened out over a prolonged period. However, glass/PCL composites (particularly in the glass containing higher‐CaO) exhibited a reduced initial burst and a higher release rate later. Preliminary cell tests on the extracts from the glass/PCL composites showed favorable cell proliferation, but the level was dependent on the ionic concentration of the extracts. The cell proliferation on the diluted extracts from the composite with higher‐CaO glass was significantly higher than that on the blank culture dish. These observations confirmed that the P‐glass/PCL composites are potentially applicable for use as hard‐tissue regeneration and wound‐healing materials because of their controlled degradation and drug‐release profile as well as enhanced cell viability. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
In vitro response of MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblasts within three‐dimensional apatite‐coated PLGA scaffolds
Authors: Chou Yu‐Fen , Dunn James C. Y. , Wu Benjamin M.
Published: July 2005

Biomimetic apatites have been reported to promote osteogenic activities in numerous in vivo and in vitro models, but the precise mechanism by which the apatite microenvironment promotes such activities is not well understood. Such mechanistic studies require reproducible model systems that are relevant to tissue engineering practices. Although two‐dimensional (2D) apatite‐coated polystyrene culture dishes provide practicality and reproducibility, they do not simulate the effects of the three‐dimensional (3D) microenvironment and degrading polymeric substrates. A simple 3D model system to address these relevant effects, and its utilization in the investigation of apatite‐promoted osteoblastic differentiation in vitro is reported in this paper. Apatite coating was achieved by sequentially immersing poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolds into different simulated body fluids (SBF). SEM, EDX, FTIR, TEM electron diffraction confirmed the apatite coating to comprise of calcium‐deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite crystals. While both apatite‐coated and noncoated PLGA scaffolds supported MC3T3‐E1 attachment, spreading, and proliferation, significant differences in osteoblastic differentiation were observed. Relative to noncoated controls, quantitative real‐time PCR revealed significant apatite‐associated suppression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), early upregulation of osteopontin (OPN) at 3 days, and upregulation of osteocalcin (OCN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) at 4 weeks. In summary, apatite‐promoted osteoblastic differentiation can be observed in a 3D model system that is relevant to tissue engineering. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Functional transfer of eukaryotic expression plasmids to mammalian cells by Listeria monocytogenes: a mechanistic approach
Authors: Zelmer Andrea , Krusch Stefan , Koschinski Andreas , Rohde Manfred , Repp Holger , Chakraborty Trinad , Weiss Siegfried
Published: July 2005

Background

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common monogenic disorders in the caucasian population. Gene therapy for CF is principally feasible and bacterial transfer systems might provide novel possibilities for therapy. However, transfection efficiencies are low and need to be improved. Thus, more detailed understanding of the DNA transfer mechanism is necessary to systematically eliminate these restrictions.

Methods

Functional transfer of GFP‐CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) to eukaryotic cells using attenuated Listeria monocytogenes mediated gene transfer (bacteriofection) was shown by fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry, immunoblotting and whole cell patch clamping. The characteristics of plasmid transfer were studied by use of electron and fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and Southern blotting. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to screen the genome of bacteriofected cells for cotransfer of chromosomal bacterial DNA.

Results

Correct intracellular localization and functionality of the GFP‐CFTR fusion protein after bacteriofection was shown. Efficient bacterial lysis and release of bacterial content was demonstrated using antibiotics to kill intracellular bacteria. Although only low transfection rates were observed, high numbers of transferred plasmids were detected in host cells under these conditions. However, they were associated with high molecular weight entities and not available to cytosolic transcription. Cotransfer of bacterial genomic DNA was observed in transfectants but occurred at low frequencies.

Conclusions

In this work we demonstrate that low rates of bacteria‐mediated transfection are not due to poor invasion of bacteria, insufficient bacterial lysis, or plasmid DNA degradation. Our data suggest that the transferred plasmid DNA is associated with higher macromolecular structures inhibiting nuclear transport and transgene transcription. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy with systemic lymph node dissection: A phase II study following the learning curve
Authors: Fujiwara Michitaka , Kodera Yasuhiro , Miura Shinichi , Kanyama Yasuaki , Yokoyama Hiroyuki , Ohashi Norifumi , Hibi Kenji , Ito Katsuki , Akiyama Seiji , Nakao Akimasa
Published: July 2005

Background and Objectives

A preliminary study on the use of laparoscopy‐assisted approach to treat gastric carcinoma resulted in higher morbidity.

Study Design

A prospective phase II study of laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) was performed for patients with preoperative diagnosis of T1 N0 stage cancer located in the lower or middle‐third stomach. Bleeding amount, operating time, mortality, morbidity, and the number of lymph node retrieval were recorded and compared with the preliminary series reported previously by the same authors.

Results

Between 2000 and 2002, 47 patients were accrued. The mean blood loss and postoperative hospital stay were significantly decreased compared with the previous series, whereas the operating time was not. There were no in‐hospital deaths, with the incidence of anastomotic leakage significantly decreased. All patients remain disease‐free to date.

Conclusions

LADG can be performed safely and morbidity, no longer, is a drawback by experienced hands that have reached plateau of the learning curve, although it remains a time‐consuming procedure. Its application to gastric cancer surgery is feasible for early stage cancer, and its applicability to the treatment of T2 stage cancer will be the next issue to be explored. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:26–32. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retroperitoneal sarcoma: 25 years of experience with aggressive surgical treatment at the Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana
Authors: Erzen Darja , Sencar Mojca , Novak Janez
Published: July 2005

Background and Objectives

Retroperitoneal sarcomas are rare malignant tumors with an aggressive course of disease and high local recurrence rate. Local disease is the main cause of death. A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the results of aggressive surgical treatment in a series of patients of primary and recurrent retroperitoneal sarcomas.

Patients and methods

From 1975 to 2000, 155 patients with retroperitoneal tumors were operated on at the Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana. Patients with fibromatosis and children less than 16 years were excluded from further calculation. Out of the rest 139 patients, 102 patients had localized retroperitoneal sarcoma, and 37 patients had retroperitoneal sarcoma with distant metastases Leiomyosarcoma was the most common type of histology, followed by liposarcoma and schwannoma. Their referral status was as follow: 56 had primary sarcoma, 20 residual sarcoma after operation elsewhere and 26 already recurrent sarcoma. Our treatment approach was aggressive. We removed surgically primary tumor, recurrent sarcoma and metastases, whenever possible. To this end, we performed, 235 operations for retroperitoneal sarcomas on 139 patients (up to 8 operations on 1 patient).

Results

Complete resection was done in 97of 102 patients with localized sarcoma (resectability rate 95%); in 55 patients, R0 resection was made, in 42 patients, R1 resection, in 3 patients, debulking procedure, and in 2 patients biopsy alone. In 118, patients at least one organ was resected completely or partially en bloc with tumor. The 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year survivals of patients with localized sarcoma were 52%, 36%, and 22%, respectively. The 5‐year survival of patients with metastases was 12% (P = 0.0002), the 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates of patients with R0 resection were 75% and 64%, respectively, and of those with R1 resection, 25% and 8%, respectively (0 < 0.00001). High tumor grade was associated with poor survival. The 5‐year local recurrence rate of patients with primary sarcoma and of those with locally recurrent sarcoma was 37% and 71%, respectively (P = 0.04). After the first local recurrence, the 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates were 42% and 26%, after the second local recurrence 45% and 22%, after the third local recurrence 43% and 11%, and after the fourth local recurrence 51% and 17%, respectively.

Conclusion

Complete surgical resection without microscopic residuum and contamination is likely to offer the best chances for long‐term survival. Until there are no other treatment modalities, aggressive surgery for recurrent sarcoma is recommended. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:1–9. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inguinal canal as an anatomic sanctuary site of relapse in peritoneal carcinomatosis previously treated with intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Liberale Gabriel , Elias Dominique , Sideris Lucas , Lasser Philippe , Malka David , Sabourin Jean‐Christophe , Pocard Marc
Published: July 2005

Early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) and intraoperative peritoneal hypertermic chemotherapy (IPHC) are used in addition with cytoreductive surgery to treat with curative intent peritoneal carcinomatosis arising from colorectal adenocarcinomas. Three patients with such a disease were treated with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in addition to cytoreductive surgery and presented isolated local recurrence located in the inguinal canal (round ligament in two and spermatic cord in one). All these patients were treated by local surgical excision. No patient showed evidence of intra‐abdominal recurrence at the last follow‐up, but one developed pulmonary metastasis. When communicating with the peritoneal cavity, the inguinal canal may act as a sanctuary site for peritoneal carcinomatosis, since it is not totaly soaked by the intraperitoneal chemotherapy solution. A local recurrence is thus possible. New clinical presentations such as this one have first to be described in order to improve patient follow‐up. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:73–76. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of laparoscopy‐assisted by conventional open distal gastrectomy and extraperigastric lymph node dissection in early gastric cancer
Authors: Kim Min‐Chan , Kim Ki‐Han , Kim Hyung‐Ho , Jung Ghap‐Joong
Published: July 2005

Background and Objectives

Laparoscopy‐assisted gastrectomy with lymph node dissection for gastric cancer is considered technically more complicated than the open method. Moreover, the safety and efficacy of laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with extraperigastric lymph node dissection in patients with gastric cancer have not been established yet. To evaluate short‐term surgical validity, surgical outcome of the laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with extraperigastric lymph node dissection was compared with that of the conventional open distal gastrectomy (CODG) in patients with early gastric cancer.

Methods

One hundred and forty‐seven patients with early gastric cancer received radical distal gastrectomy during 2002 and 2003, where LADG was undergone in 71 patients. The clinicopathologic characteristics, postoperative outcomes and courses, and postoperative morbidities and mortalities were compared between the two groups. Data were retrieved from the stomach cancer database at Dong‐A University Medical center.

Results

Baseline characteristics, including sex, age, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class, tumor size, T stage, and lymph node metastasis were similar between the two groups. No significant differences were found between these groups in terms of the number of retrieved lymph nodes with respect to D1 + α (D1 + no. 7) and D1 + β (D1 + no. 7, 8a, and 9) lymphadenectomy. In the LADG group, wound size was smaller (P < 0.0001), but operation time was longer (P = 0.0001) than in the CODG group. Perioperative recovery was faster in the LADG group than in the CODG group, as reflected by a shorter hospital stay (P = 0.0176) and less times of additional analgesics (P = 0.0370). Serum albumin level in LADG was higher (P = 0.0002) on day 7 than that in CODG, and the leukocyte count in LADG lower (P = 0.0445) on day 1 than that in CODG. Postoperative morbidities and mortalities were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions

Our data confirmed that LADG with extraperigastric (no. 7, 8, and 9) lymph node dissection proved to be feasible and acceptable surgical technique for early gastric cancer. At least taking a surgical point of view, LADG with extraperigastric lymph node dissection is suggested to be a preferred surgical option for patients with early gastric cancer. Its oncologic validity awaits larger and prospective multicenter trials. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:90–94. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and integrins for invasion and metastasis in human pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Funahashi Hitoshi , Okada Yuji , Sawai Hirozumi , Takahashi Hiroki , Matsuo Yoichi , Takeyama Hiromitsu , Manabe Tadao
Published: July 2005

Background and Objectives

It is generally accepted that the malignancy of pancreatic cancer is dependent upon the extent of invasion as well as metastasis. However, the factors and mechanisms are incompletely understood. We investigated whether glial cell lined‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) enhances the invasive and adhesive behaviors of pancreatic cancer cells by altering of the expression of integrins.

Methods

The expression of the GDNF receptor in pancreatic cancer cell lines (SW1990 and Capan‐2) was confirmed by RT‐PCR. Then we determined the expression of integrin subunits and the alteration of their expression by GDNF using flow‐cytometric analysis and a cellular enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA). Adhesion and invasion assay were performed to investigate whether increased integrin expression affected the interaction between cancer cells and ECM proteins.

Results

The GDNF receptor subunits were expressed in pancreatic cancer cells. GDNF enhanced the expression of some of the integrin subunits and increased their adhesive and invasive abilities. The enhanced expression and associated increase in adhesive and invasive abilities were inhibited by blocking the GDNF receptor or the integrin β1 subunit.

Conclusion

The enhancement of integrin expression by GDNF signaling through the GDNF receptor strongly influences invasion and adhesion to ECM proteins by pancreatic cancer cells. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:77–83. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.