bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sosyal medya kullanıcılarına sağlanan All-on-4 dental implant sistemi hakkındaki bilgilerin yararlılığı
Authors: ÖZDAL ZİNCİR Özge
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, diş hekimliğinde sıklıkla tercih edilen All-on-4 dental implant sistemi hakkındaki bilgilerin yer aldığı YouTube™ videolarını inceleyerek bilgilerin yararlılığını ve içeriğini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: ‘All-on-4 dental implant’ anahtar kelimeleriyle yapılan YouTube™ video taramasında ilk 150 video izlenerek değerlendirmeye alındı. Analiz kriterlerine uymayan 70 video değerlendirme dışı bırakılarak geriye kalan 80 videonun analizi yapıldı. Analizi yapılan tüm videoların bilgi içeriklerine göre 9 puan üzerinden yararlılık skorları belirlendi: 0-2 puan aralığındakiler yetersiz (kod 0), 3-5 puan aralığındakiler orta (kod 1) ve 6-9 puan aralığındakiler mükemmel (kod 2). Videoların süresi, izlenme sayısı, beğeni sayısı, beğenmeme sayısı ve yorum sayısı gibi demografik bilgileri kaydedildi. Tüm videolar yüklenme kaynağına (sağlık uzmanları, sağlık şirketi ve bilgilendirme web sitesi, bireysel kullanıcı) ve video tipine (hasta deneyimi, eğitsel) göre sınıflandırıldı. İstatistiksel analiz için Anova, Kruskal Wallis testi, ki-kare testi ve Pearson-Spearman testi kullanılarak anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak belirlendi.
Bulgular: Videoların yararlılık skorları ortalaması 0.45 bulundu. Videoların yararlılık skorları ile demografik bilgileri karşılaştırıldığında sadece video süresi ile aralarında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulundu (p=0.002). Yararlılık skoruyla izlenme oranı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki yoktu (p=0.522). Video tipleri ile yararlılık skoru arasında anlamlı bir ilişki vardı ve bu anlamlılık eğitsel videolar lehineydi (p=0.022). Ayrıca etkileşim indeksi ile yükleme kaynağı arasında da anlamlı bir ilişki vardı ve bireysel kullanıcı lehineydi (p=0.008).
Sonuç: All-on-4 dental implant sistemi hakkındaki videoların yararlılığı kısıtlı bulunmuştur. Bu tür videoların konunun uzmanları tarafından denetlenmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Sınıf 3 maloklüzyonlarda hızlı üst çene genişletmesi ile birlikte yüz maskesi uygulamasının ve takiben yapılan sabit ortodontik tedavinin etkileri
Authors: BOZKAYA Erdal , TOĞRAL Arife Nihan , YÜKSEL Sema
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada üst çene gelişim yetersizliği bulunan Sınıf 3 maloklüzyonlarda hızlı üst çene genişletilmesi ve yüz maskesi ile sonrasında yapılan sabit ortodontik tedavinin etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, hızlı üst çene genişletmesiyle birlikte yüz maskesi uygulanmış ve sonrasında sabit ortodontik tedavi görmüş 20 bireyin (11 kadın, 9 erkek, kronolojik yaş medyan değeri 11.29 yıl) arşiv materyalleri kullanıldı. Çalışmaya dâhil edilen bireylerin tedavi öncesi (T0), hızlı üst çene genişletilmesi ile birlikte yüz maskesi uygulaması sonrası (T1) ve sabit tedavi sonrasında (T2) alınan lateral sefalometrik radyografiler üzerinde değerlendirmeler yapıldı. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizinde Friedman testi ile Bonferroni düzeltmeli Wilcoxon testi kullanıldı. Bulguların yorumlanması sırasında p<0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Yüz maskesi uygulama süresi 13 ay (T1-T0), sabit ortodontik tedavi 2 yıl 1 ay (T2-T1), toplam tedavi süresi ise 3 yıl 2 aydı (T2-T0). SNA açısındaki ve Co-A mesafesindeki artış, T1-T0 (p<0.001) ve T2-T0 (SNA: p<0.001, Co-A: p<0.01) dönemlerinde anlamlı bulundu. SNB açısı T1-T0 döneminde anlamlı azalma (p<0.01); Co-Gn uzunluğu ise her üç dönemde de anlamlı artış gösterdi (T1-T0 ve T2-T1: p<0.05, T2-T0: p<0.001). SN/GoGn açısı T1-T0 (p<0.05) ve T2-T0 (p<0.001) dönemlerinde anlamlı düzeyde arttı. ANB açısında T1-T0 ve T2-T0 dönemlerinde anlamlı artış elde edildi (p<0.001). Sonuç: İskeletsel Sınıf 3 maloklüzyonların tedavisinde, hızlı üst çene genişletmesi ve yüz maskesinin birlikte uygulanması etkili bir yöntemdir. Sabit ortodontik tedavi sonrası üst ve alt çenenin uyumlu bir biçimde büyümeye devam etmesiyle kalıcı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
Interculturalidad crítica y decolonialidad epistémica. Propuestas desde el pensamiento latinoamericano para un diálogo simétrico
Authors: Wences Simón Maria Isabel
Published: April 2021

En el presente trabajo se defiende que todo diálogo intercultural debe ser simétrico. Para que esto sea posible es necesaria una decolonialidad epistémica, una ruptura con el eurocentrismo y un reconocimiento del enorme y diverso mosaico cultural que existe en el Sur global. A través de las propuestas de Fornet-Betancourt, Walsh y Tubino se indaga en modelos de interculturalidad crítica y se reconocen, a la vez, aportaciones del pensamiento emancipador latinoamericano. Se concluye que el diálogo para ser simétrico, por un lado, debe tomar en cuenta la huella que ejercen las condiciones múltiples de dominio y dependencia; por el otro, debe abrirse a la diversidad cultural y epistémica de sus interlocutores. Finalmente, se sostiene que el pensamiento intercultural crítico y decolonial latinoamericano también tiene que hacer su propia autocrítica.
Systemic AAV vectors for widespread and targeted gene delivery in rodents v2
Authors: C. Challis Rosemary , Ravindra Kumar Sripriya , Y. Chan Ken , Challis Collin , Beadle Keith , J. Jang Min , Min Kim Hyun , S. Rajendran Pradeep , D. Tompkins John , Shivkumar Kalyanam , E. Deverman Benjamin , Gradinaru Viviana
Published: April 2021

We recently developed adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsids to facilitate efficient and noninvasive gene transfer to the central and peripheral nervous systems. However, a detailed protocol for generating and systemically delivering novel AAV variants was not previously available. In this protocol, we describe how to produce and intravenously administer AAVs to adult mice to specifically label and/or genetically manipulate cells in the nervous system and organs, including the heart. The procedure comprises three separate stages: AAV production, intravenous delivery, and evaluation of transgene expression. The protocol spans 8 d, excluding the time required to assess gene expression, and can be readily adopted by researchers with basic molecular biology, cell culture, and animal work experience. We provide guidelines for experimental design and choice of the capsid, cargo, and viral dose appropriate for the experimental aims. The procedures outlined here are adaptable to diverse biomedical applications, from anatomical and functional mapping to gene expression, silencing, and editing.
Justification of engineering safety criteria for undermining of water-proof layer in the Upper Kama Salt Deposit
Authors: Baryakh A. A. , Tenison L. O.
Published: April 2021

Safety of a water-proof pillar between the stoping void and the aquifers defines the key feature of water-soluble mineral mining. In this regard, the most important element of geomechanical supervision of mining operations, especially, at the mine project stage, is the engineering safety criteria aimed at the adequate valuation of safe undermining of water-proof strata (WPS). The WPS safety procedures now in force calculate only maximal sagging of undermined beds and disregard deformation in the edge area of WPS. In the meanwhile, the edges of WPS are the areas of localization of maximal horizontal strains, and the hazard of vertical jointing is the highest in these areas. In this connection, in the capacity of the index of the manmade load on WPS, it is proposed to use the maximal slope of the edge area of the subsidence trough. The evaluations were carried out in 6 Uralkali’s mine sites selected from the mathematical modeling and geophysical survey data which exhibited considerable damage of WPS. Based on the implemented research and justifications, it is recommended to use the generalized safety criterion for undermining of WPS as a maximal subsidence/mining depth ratio which is directly proportional to the ground slope. This engineering procedure describes more adequately the fracture mechanism in WPS rocks, in particular, damage localization in edge areas of the subsidence trough, or influence of mining depth on WPS stability and, which is main thing, is based on the criteria derived from the long-term observations and measurements performed in the Upper Kama deposit. The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Grant No. 19-77-30008.
The study of the column flotation capacities for stimulation of potash ore flotation
Authors: Afonina E. I. , Titkov S. N. , Aliferova S. N. , Tupitsin I. Yu.
Published: April 2021

Potassium ore contains readily sludgable water-insoluble silicate–carbonate impurities which actively adsorb cation collectors (primary alkylamines) used in sylvine flotation. This fact determines inclusion of multistage de-sludging flowsheets, with rougher and cleaning flotation of sludge in the processing technology. A prerequisite for flotation de-sludging of ore is pre-flocculation of sludge. Flotation of sludge in mechanical flotation machines is carried out with intensive mechanical stirring of the suspension, which impairs the selective separation of sludge into the flotation froth and leads to the partial destruction of sludge floccules, which causes an increased consumption of the flocculant. In column machines, flotation is carried out in a laminar-upward flow of finely dispersed air bubbles ejected into the suspension in the lower part of the column, and is characterized by the minimal hydromechanical effect on the mineral particle–air bubble attachment. An important feature of flotation in column machines is the adjustability of the foam layer height in a wide range of values (up to 0.5 m and more) and its washability, which makes it possible to increase the recovery selectivity of the floated material into the foam product. The design of column machines for enrichment of potash ores, which are water-soluble and floatable in rich salt solutions, should ensure elimination of crystallization of the aeration system for supplying air to the column machine. The tests of column flotation of sludge produced from potash ores of the Upper Kama deposit with different contents of water-insoluble impurities were carried out on the experimental installation of ERIEZ Flotation Division. The results of the comparison of flotation efficiency and selectivity in mechanical and column flotation machines are presented. The possibility of de-sludge flotation of potash ores with different contents of water-insoluble impurities (1.5–4%) with the significant improvement of flotation selectivity at the lower consumption of reagents is shown. The use of column flotation creates conditions for simplifying the instrumental and technological flowsheet of flotation.
Navigation system for heading machines in potash mines
Authors: Levin L. Yu. , Kormshchikov D. S. , Kuzminykh E. G. , Machеret A. M.
Published: April 2021

Mining operations at potash mines are carried out by heading machines. Setting of a direction and control of the movement of the machines is carried out by the mine surveyor and by the machine operator in the manual mode. The lack of automation of this process during production leads to large labor costs of the mine surveying service, while the experience of the machine operator affects accuracy of maintenance of a specified course. Currently, there are no ready-made technical products for automating the process of setting the course and controlling the movement of heading machines. This paper deals with the implementation of the navigation system for heading machines in the underground mines of Uralkali company. At the mines of Uralkali, the requirements for the accuracy of such a system are dictated by the requirements for the accuracy of mine surveying support for underground mining operations in driving new roadways. Possible ways of constructing navigation systems and the problems of their application are considered. The analysis of the existing methods shows that the most promising option for navigation of heading machines in underground mine openings are the systems based on the principles of inertial navigation. To use such systems in underground mines and to ensure the required accuracy, the technical requirements for the systems are formulated. It is shown that modern strapdown inertial navigation systems satisfy the required accuracy. On their basis, a prototype of the heading machine navigation system was developed, and its ground tests were carried out. The achieved accuracy of the system makes it possible to proceed to testing of a real heading machine in a mine. The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 19-77-30008.
Development of a combined processing technology for low-sulfide gold-bearing ores
Authors: Koyzhanova A. K. , Kenzhaliev B. K. , Magomedov D. R. , Abdyldaev N. N.
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the results of laboratory dressability studies for low-sulfide gold-bearing ores using combined processing and subsequent oxidation leaching of the resulting combined concentrate. According to the current raw materials processing circuit used at the Sekisovskoye deposit, gravity concentration experiments were first carried out using the following laboratory equipment: a Knelson KSMD 3 centrifugal concentrator, an SKO-05 concentration table, and a two-chamber diaphragm jigging machine (i.e., OML by TsNIGRI). A significant portion (0.5 to 1.0 g/t) of the gold remains in the gravity concentration tailings. Subsequent flotation experiments for the tailings suggest that additional gold recovery is possible. The gold content in the final flotation tailings was in the range of 0.15–0.25 g/t. The final gold recovery in the combined process was therefore 93.7–96.5 %. The subsequent sorption cyanidation of the concentrate according to the current processing circuit allows depositing an average of 75.0–80.0 % Au on the coal. At the same time, the residual gold content in the sorption leaching tailings is significant and amounts to 3.6–7.5 g/t. The preliminary oxidation experiments for the concentrate slurry indicate the possibility of a more complete gold recovery with subsequent leaching, including sorption leaching. The residual gold content in the cakes was measured at 0.7–1.5 g/t, which ultimately yielded 95–96 % recovery at the leaching stage. The research was completed with the financial support of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan under grant No. АР05130143.
Influence of the ore reduction method on the percolation leaching efficiency
Authors: Fedotov P. K. , Fedotov K. V. , Burdonov A. E. , Senchenko A. E.
Published: April 2021

This paper covers gold leaching from sulfide ores. The data on the silicate, mineral, and grain-size composition are presented for the ore studied. Agitation leaching studies were completed for the combined sample and direct cyanidation dynamics indicators are established for the material sample. For all material with the grain size class of 95 % passing –0.074 mm, the required agitation leaching duration is 9–10 hours; with the material sizes up to 2 mm, the leaching duration shall be at least 22 hours. In order to study the efficiency of using roller presses as an alternative to fine crushing, two percolation leaching tests were conducted for the ore size of –5 mm. The material for the first test was prepared by crushing in a standard jaw crusher and the material for the second test was prepared by crushing in a laboratory press with complex monolayer reduction. It has been found that ore reduction using high-pressure crushers, as compared to standard crushing equipment, allows increasing gold recovery during subsequent leaching by 13.52 %. At the same time, the consumption of sodium cyanide increases by 0.26 kg/t of ore.
Partial-cluster model of viscosity of copper-aluminum melt
Authors: Malyshev V. P. , Malysheva A. M.
Published: April 2021

The adequacy of the developed partial-cluster viscosity model with respect to melts of metal alloys was verified using the well-studied copper-aluminum system, for which the state diagram and viscosity isotherms are known in a wide range of compositions. Based on the literature on the thermodynamics of mixing copper and aluminum melts, it was found that this shift is accompanied by heat generation due to the formation of intermetallic compounds in the melt. The destruction of these compounds requires appropriate heat consumption, therefore, it should be taken into account in the partial-cluster viscosity model as an additional thermal barrier to randomization. On this basis, a refined and more generalized form of the partial-cluster model with the expression of the randomization energy of the melt in the form of the algebraic sum of the randomization heat along the liquidus line and the heat of destruction of any intermetallic formations is proposed ΔHch = RTliq – ΔHmix. Application of the generalized partial-cluster model to copper-aluminum melts ensured the repetition of the extreme form of empirical isotherms, even with the appearance of excess viscosity in the calculated dependence. A more detailed analysis of the heat of mixing according to its covalent and metal components showed that the second of them is already randomized and only the covalent component should be taken into account, which should be randomized and should be included in the total randomization barrier in the form ΔHch = RTliq – ΔcovH. Taking this component into account allowed us to obtain a more adequate calculated dependence of the viscosity of the Cu – Al alloy at a temperature of 1100 оC with a correlation coefficient of 0.986, which can be considered as a priority result in the description of viscosity isotherms according to state diagrams. This result is due to the analytical determination of the fraction of clusters in the melt based on the distribution of clusters proposed by the authors according to the number of particles included in the framework of the concept of randomized particles developed by the authors, which is directly related to the Boltzmann’s distribution.
Comparative analysis of modern methods of production of Al – Zr ligatures
Authors: Filatov A. A. , Suzdaltsev A. V. , Zaikov Yu. P.
Published: April 2021

A brief overview of modern industrial and experimental methods for the synthesis of aluminozirconium ligatures is performed. The basic regularities of the proceeding processes, and also properties of the obtained ligatures are considered, technical and economic indicators and prospects of development of the considered technologies are estimated. The comparative estimation of key parameters of the most promising technologies for industrial application is carried out, the influence of temperature, a mode of synthesis and a kind of initial raw materials on profitability of the process is estimated. Aluminothermic and electrolytic methods of ligature synthesis are considered in more detail, the views of other authors on the kinetics of ongoing processes are taken into account, and an overview of the influence of electrolyte composition and electrolysis mode on the structure and properties of produced alloys is presented. It has been shown that, depending on the method, in a wide temperature range (80 – 1000 oC), Al – Zr master alloy with a zirconium content up to 57 wt.% can be obtained. However, all existing methods for the production of Al – Zr master alloys have significant drawbacks, which lead to the relatively high cost of the master alloys, the presence of hazard waste and low production efficiency. It is concluded that along with the current methods of direct fusion of metals and aluminothermic synthesis, it is promising to obtain ligatures by electrolysis of oxide-fluoride melts KF – NaF – AlF3 using zirconium oxide as the main metalcontaining raw material. The results of experimental testing of a new method for obtaining Al – Zr master alloys via electrolysis of oxide-fluoride melts are presented. It has been established that the developed technology makes it possible to maximize the extraction of zirconium from the oxide, to continuously obtain master alloys with a high zirconium content, excluding the accumulation of unclaimed waste. The study was performed with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the research project No. 19-33-90144.
Peñafiel (Valladolid): ejemplo de pequeña cabecera comarcal, especializada en industrias agroalimentarias de calidad / Peñafiel (Valladolid): example of a small regional center, specialized in quality agri-food industries
Authors: Méndez García Benjamín , Colina Vuelta Arturo , Rato Martín Héctor , Fernández Cuesta Gaspar
Published: April 2021

Se muestra la capacidad de la industria agroalimentaria de calidad para mantener el dinamismo de Peñafiel, una pequeña villa de apenas 5.000 habitantes cuyo sector industrial ha constituido un pilar fundamental para su afianzamiento como cabecera comarcal de un amplio territorio situado en el confín oriental del valle del Duero vallisoletano.
Compression of the сeliac trunk syndrome. History of the problem
Authors: Khamid Zarina M. , Vasilevsky Dmitrij I. , Ignashov Anatoly M. , Korolkov Andrey Yu. , Balandov Stanislav G.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the main stages of the development of ideas about a fairly rare pathology in clinical practice the syndrome of compression of the ventral trunk. Until the mid-nineteenth century, reports of the clinical picture of chronic abdominal ischemia were more descriptive. Serial pathoanatomic studies, comparison of anatomical features revealed at autopsy with clinical manifestations accompanying these changes, contributed to the isolation of chronic ischemic disease of the digestive system in a separate nosological form. The discovery of angiography contributed to the significant development of vascular surgery and the isolation of the ventral trunk compression syndrome as an independent disease, since it allowed for a lifetime comparison of the detected changes in blood vessels with the clinical manifestations of the disease. The term ventral trunk compression syndrome was first introduced by P. Harjola when describing a case of abdominal pain in a patient with compression of the ventral trunk by the neuroganglionic tissue of the ventral plexus. Later, J. Dunbar confirmed the Association of clinical manifestations of chronic abdominal pain with compression of the ventral trunk by the median arched ligament of the diaphragm. In English-language literature, the disease was named Dunbar syndrome. The effectiveness of eliminating the symptoms of this disease by surgical dissection of compression structures has been proven. Further study of this problem developed in parallel with the development of surgery in General in accordance with the emergence and introduction of new surgical technologies. The purpose of numerous studies was to study the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the occurrence of a variety of clinical manifestations of this syndrome and improve the results of its treatment by improving known surgical techniques and introducing new ones.
Artificial intelligence in the fight against extremism
Authors: Bychkov Vasily V. , Prorvich Vladimir A.
Published: April 2021

The article reveals the basic regulatory framework for the use of artificial intelligence in Russia. The possibility of using artificial intelligence to fight crime is being analyzed. The need for artificial intelligence to create computer forensic in countering extremist crimes is in development.
O Bem Humano em Epicteto
Authors: Dinucci Aldo , Rudolph Kelli
Published: April 2021

In this paper we will focus on the following points in Epictetus. First, we will concentrate our attention on the celebrated distinction between things up to us (eph’ hemin) and things not up to us (ouk eph’ hemin). Second, we will survey the distinction between the material (hyle) and its use. According to this distinction, all external things are not up to us and consequently have no intrinsic value, although, as materials for the capacity of choice, their use has value, since humans can use things well or badly. Third, we will demonstrate that the use of the materials corresponds to the use of presentations. Finally, we will present the three topics of Epictetus’ philosophy: the topic relative to desire, the topic relative to impulse and the topic relative to assent, being the first concerned with judgments about things and our desires; the second, about impulses and adequate actions; and the third, about assent and persuasiveness of presentations. The knowledge contained in these three topics constitute, for Epictetus, what we should know to make good use of presentations and, consequently, to achieve the human good, which is a capacity of choice according to nature that has at its disposal a comprehensive set of correct opinions about reality.
A Autossuficiência do Bem. Sobre alguns Paradoxos da Ética Aristotélica
Authors: Lima Paulo Butti de
Published: April 2021

In the first book of the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle describes the Good as perfect (teleion) and self-sufficient (autarkes). He adds that the notion of self-sufficiency (autarkeia) must be considered not from the point of view of the single man, but of the community. This argument seems incoherent: is self-sufficiency to be attributed to the Good or to the community? In order to answer this question, we can ask initially if it is the same to say that the Good or the community is self-sufficient. Secondly, if the individual is not self-sufficient, how could he search by himself the self-sufficient Good, without having to follow what is determined by the community? Aristotle, in his ethical treatises and in Politics, is concerned with the relation between self-sufficiency (autarkeia), and community (koinonia). But the philosopher tries to show, in his Ethics, that there can be an ideal of self-sufficiency for each human being, independently or in spite of his life in the polis. The aim of this paper is to discuss the meaning and relevance of the reference to autarkeia, in the first book of Nicomachean Ethics, to the Aristotelian view on the practical Good.
STUDYING THE PHENOMENON OF POVERTY IN THE COUNTRYSIDE OF THE DAHHAR DISTRICT IN YEMEN
Authors:   King Saud University, Agricultural economics department, College of food and Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Alnashwan Othman Saad , Alrwis Khalid Nahar ,   King Saud University, Agricultural economics department, College of food and Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Ghanem Adel Mohamed ,   King Saud University, Agricultural economics department, College of food and Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Naji Abdo M. ,   King Saud University, Agricultural economics department, College of food and Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Bakri Alaagib Sharaf Aldin ,   King Saud University, Agricultural economics department, College of food and Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 2460, Riyadh 11451
Published: April 2021

This research aimed to study poverty in rural Yemen through the percentage, gap, and severity in addition to the standard economic analysis. The study showed that the poverty percent reached 97%, while the gap and severity reached 64, and 45% respectively. A study of the probability distribution of poverty indicators showed that the poverty percent ranged from a minimum of 95.4% to a high of 98.6% at a 95% confidence level. The poverty gap ranged from a low of 59.8% to a high of 68.2% at 95% confidence. The severity of poverty ranged from a minimum of 40.7% to a high of 49.3% at 95% confidence. These results of the study are emphasized on the need for the implementation of several policies. Among these two most important are (1) expanding the activity of NGOs to reduce poverty and hunger, (2) focusing on sustainable development and increasing the economic size of the agricultural sector and its relative importance to poverty reduction. To reduce poverty in the rural areas of the Republic of Yemen, the study recommends (1) the expansion of the activities of civil societies under government supervision to increase their ability to reduce poverty and hunger, (2) the provision of the necessary funding for the expansion of small investment projects that are commensurate with the capabilities and qualifications of poor families and (3) focusing on sustainable development of the agricultural sector is relative importance in reducing poverty.
TIME-DEPENDENT DETERMINATIVE BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS FOR SALT TOLERANCE MECHANISM IN MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata (L.) R. WILCZEK)
Authors:   Post Graduate Research Centre, Department of Botany, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Shivajinagar, Pune-5, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-7, MS, India, Mankar Ganesh Deepak , Wayase Uttam Ramchandra ,   Post Graduate Research Centre, Department of Botany, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Shivajinagar, Pune-5, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-7, MS, India, Shelke Deepak Bhaskar ,   Department of Botany, Amruteshwar Arts, Commerce and Science College, Vinzar, Velha, Pune- 412213, MS. India, Raskar Kiran Bharat ,   Post Graduate Research Centre, Department of Botany, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Shivajinagar, Pune-5, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-7, MS, India, Nikam Tukaran Dayaram ,   Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, MS, India, Barmukh Rajkumar Baban ,   Post Graduate Research Centre, Department of Botany, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Shivajinagar, Pune-5, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-7, MS, India
Published: April 2021

Mungbean is one of the commercially valuable pulse crops. Time-dependent biochemical modulations in the mungbean varieties PKV AKM 12-28 and VBN (Gg)3 exposed to 75, 100, and 125 mM NaCl were estimated, and the results were concluded through multivariate modeling. The cluster analysis gave two fairly distinct clusters that had similar biochemical responses. Results on the principal component analysis suggested that protein content (PC), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, proline content (PRC), total free amino acid (TFAA) content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were dominant traits in the shoot as compared to the root. These can be taken as the primary indicators to assess the effect of salt stress on mungbean varieties. The discriminant analysis had identiﬁed TFC, MDA, and total sugar content (TSC) as discriminating variables between the roots and shoots. Further, MDA and TFC were identified as discriminating variables under different salt concentrations, and TSC was identified as a discriminating variable at different exposure durations. Discriminant partial least squares analysis further identified optimum biochemical modulations in the shoots of PKV AKM 12-28 and 75 mM NaCl. The salt treatment produced a strong biochemical modulation after 30 and 45 days, which helped plants survive under salt stress. The multivariate approaches efficiently interpreted time-dependent biochemical modulations in shoots and roots of mungbean varieties under salt stress.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND LOCKDOWN ON THE MEAT CONSUMPTION PATTERN IN INDIA: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
Authors:   Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India, Rahman C. K. Faslu , Sharun Khan ,   Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India, Chand Sagar ,   Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India, Bardhan D. ,   Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India, Dhama Kuldeep ,   Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, Kumar R. R. ,   Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: April 2021

The people of India have a wide variety of eating habits that vary according to ethnicity, geography, and culture. The consumption of meat primarily covers the protein requirement of the Indians, and three out of four are non-vegetarians. There is a need to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated countrywide lockdown on the meat consumption pattern of the Indian non-vegetarians. A countrywide survey was conducted among the consumers to study the impact of COVID-19 on the meat consumption pattern using a self-administered electronic questionnaire distributed through emails and online social networking platforms. A total of 416 responses were collected from the consumers belonging to different states and union territories. The data were analyzed as per the standard procedure. The meat consumption pattern of the non-vegetarians was found to be altered during the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown period. The majority of the consumers could not obtain a sufficient quantity of meat and meat products during the lockdown period due to various reasons such as the increased cost and decreased availability of livestock. The myths and rumors associated with meat consumption and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 further weakened the meat trade in certain areas. Based on the findings of this survey, it is safe to confirm that the meat consumption pattern among Indian consumers was affected badly during the countrywide lockdown.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA FROM STARFISH (Protoreaster nodosus) COLLECTED FROM COASTAL AREA TAKALAR REGENCY, INDONESIA
Authors:   Magister Program, Faculty of Pharmacy Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia, Fajri Muhammad Danial , Lallo Subehan ,   Departement of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia, Sartini Sartini ,   Departement of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
Published: April 2021

Marine organisms are well known for the availability of bioactive compounds which have various biological activities including antibacterial activity. Likewise, their symbiotic bacteria can also produce compounds that have similar activities. The purpose of this study was to isolate and screen the symbiotic bacteria from starfish (Protoreaster nodosus) collected from coastal area Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Isolation was carried out by the pour plate method using nutrient agar medium dissolved in sterile seawater. The isolated symbiotic bacteria were purified by using the quadrant method. The pure isolate was culture through submerged fermentation using nutrient broth media enriched with 1% yeast extract and sterile seawater for 7 days. The selected symbiont bacterial isolates were tested for their antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using disc diffusion assays. The results of fermentation were separated from the biomasses and tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis, ATCC 6633), Salmonella typhi (S. typhi, NCTC 786), and Escherichia coli (E. coli, ATCC 25923). The results of study revealed that four symbiotic bacteria (SB 1T, SB 2T, SB 3T, and SB 4T) were successfully isolated. All the SB isolates have good antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains with an average diameter of inhibition zone larger than 11 mm. Among all isolates, isolate SB 4T showed a remarkable size of zones growth inhibition (> 15 mm) against all tested bacterial strains. Thus, the symbiotic bacteria isolated from P. nodosus in this study have a promising broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.
DECIPHERING THE PHARMACOLOGICAL INSIGHTS OF FRACTIONATED ELATOSTEMA PAPILLOSUM WED. AND HOLIGARNA LONGIFOLIA ROXB. THROUGH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong-4381, Bangladesh, Uddin Md. Zia ,   Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh, Rana Md. Sohel ,   Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh, Chowdhury Subrata ,   Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong-4381, Bangladesh, Paul Arkajyoti ,   Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong-4381, Bangladesh, Hossain Shahadat ,   Atomic Energy Centre, East Nasirabad, Chittagong-4209, Bangladesh, Emran Talha Bin ,   Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong-4381, Bangladesh, Dhama Kuldeep ,   Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: April 2021

The present research intended to explore the biological activities, namely acute toxicity test and hypoglycemic as well as in vitro anti-arthritic along with the antibacterial activity of crude methanol extracts with its different soluble fractions like petroleum ether (PESF), carbon tetrachloride (CTCSF), chloroform (CSF) and aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF) of Holigarna longifolia and Elatostema papillosum. Phytochemical screening was performed by established protocols. Acute toxicity and hypoglycemic effects were performed in experimental and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In vitro anti-arthritic and antibacterial activity were conducted by protein denaturation inhibitory and disc diffusion methods. It was observed that no rats exhibit any lethality types, which reveal the safety of plant fractionates. It was also seen that both plants' fractionates showed significant (p < 0.01) activity on hyperglycemia compared to standard. Upon investigation, it was observed that crude methanol and its CS fraction of E. papillosum and only CS fraction of H. longifolia significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited denaturation of bovine serum albumin protein compared to standard diclofenac sodium. Moreover, it was observed that crude methanol extract and its CS fraction of E. papillosum showed significant inhibitory action on all Gram-positive bacteria's growth. In contrast, the PES fraction highlighted an inhibitory zone of 26.7 and 24.7 mm, respectively, towards B. subtilis and S. aureus. This study provides some support to explain the traditional uses of H. longifolia and E. papillosum.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MELISSOPALYNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL BUCKWHEAT HONEYS FROM POLAND
Authors:   Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Bryś Maciej S. ,   The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Division of Apiculture, Kazimierska 2A Str., 24-100 Puławy, Poland, Kunat Magdalena ,   Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Stawiarz Ernest ,   Department of Botany and Plant Physiology,  Institute of Plant Biology, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15 Str., 20-950 Lublin, Ptaszyńska Aneta A. ,   Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin
Published: April 2021

Buckwheat honey is widely consumed by consumers due to its numerous health-promoting properties. Characteristically it is dark, tea-like in colour, sharp, tickly, and sweet in flavour, and has smelled of buckwheat flowers. In the current study, various commercial honey samples were examined to test the quality of buckwheat honey samples available in the market. The research materials were comprised of 15 samples of honeys from 4 voivodships, among these, 5 samples were collected from the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship, 4 from the Lesser Poland Voivodeship, 4 from the Lubelskie Voivodship, and reset 2 samples from the Podkarpackie Voivodship. Melissopalynological analyses of investigated honeys’ samples revealed that all samples had at least 45% of Fagopyrym pollen content, which means that researched honeys complied with the standards of the International Commission for Bee Botany (ICBB) for buckwheat honey. Honeys’ samples had an average water content of 15.3% (σ= 1.24), and electrical conductivity at 0.37 mS*cm-1. Therefore, all beekeepers correctly marked their honey type as buckwheat honey simply using the organoleptic properties of their honeys and observing their bees collecting pollen and honeydew.
Firma Dinamiklerinin İnovasyon ve Büyüme İlişkisindeki Rolü: En Yüksek Ar-Ge Yatırımcısı Firmalar Üzerine Ampirik Kanıtlar
Authors: KÖSEOĞLU Ahmet , ERDEM Ekrem
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, firmaların sahip olduğu teknoloji yoğunluğu ve büyüme hızı
gibi dinamiklerin inovasyon ve büyüme ilişkisinde oynadığı rolün tespit edilmesidir. Ayrıca, firma
büyüklüğü ve firma yaşı gibi değişkenlerin büyüme üzerinde yaratacağı etkiler de dikkate alınarak,
sürdürülebilir büyüme açısından en uygun firma yapısının hangisi olacağının belirlenmesi
amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda inovasyon ve büyüme arasındaki ilişki, AB Endüstriyel ArGe Yatırım Skorbordu veri tabanında yer alan, dünya genelindeki en yüksek 2500 Ar-Ge yatırımcısı
firma arasından seçilen 302 firmanın, 2005-2016 dönemini kapsayan verileri üzerine panel kantil
regresyon ve sistem-genelleştirilmiş momentler metodu (GMM) tahmincisi kullanılarak ampirik
olarak test edilmiştir. Analizde inovasyon göstergesi olarak veri zarflama analiziyle her bir örneklem
ve yıl için hesaplanan inovasyon etkinliği skorları kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, nispeten
daha küçük ölçekli, genç, hızlı büyüyen ve yenilikçi “süperstar” firmalar tarafından gerçekleştirilecek
inovasyonun firma büyümesi üzerindeki etkisinin diğerlerine kıyasla çok daha büyük olacağı
sonucuna varılmaktadır.
Analysis of the b-Values Before the July 21 th, 2017 Mw 6.6 Bodrum-Kos, Turkey Earthquake
Authors: AKAR Fahriye
Published: April 2021

In this study, a statistical analysis of regional and time-dependent changes of earthquake activity in Bodrum and its vicinity before the Bodrum-Kos earthquake (Mw 6.6) that occurred on 21 July 2017 was performed and the Gutenberg-Richter b-value change was investigated. The earthquake catalog used in the calculations was taken from Boğaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute. This catalog contains 16947 earthquakes with M>2 between 2004 and the time until the Bodrum-Kos earthquake of 21.07.2017. The completeness magnitude for these earthquakes was calculated as 2.6. The b-value was calculated as 1.25 ±0.01 using the maximum probability method. Considering that tectonic earthquakes have b-values between 0.5-1.5, it is seen that the b-value obtained by Gutenberg-Richter law for the vicinity of Bodrum in this study is a good fit. In addition, it was observed that b-value took high values in the north of Bodrum before the Bodrum-Kos earthquake occurred. Low values are observed in the southeast of Bodrum. Stress accumulation was correlated with b-values for the region.
Assessment of drug utilization pattern and impact of infographics in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Shajihan Naiema , S. Shijin V. , R. Vismaya V. , Jacob Lallu Mariam , Jeladharan G.
Published: April 2021

Background: The current study was conducted to ensure that the drugs were effectively utilised and also to create awareness and knowledge by providing counselling with the help of infographics among study population.Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted in the gastroenterology department of a tertiary care hospital in Kerala. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with chronic liver disease (CLD) were enrolled for the study and data were recorded in a predesigned pro forma. Statistical analysis (paired t test) was performed to assess whether the drug has been effectively utilized in patients. The study population was counselled with the help of infographics and its impact was assessed from the questionnaire, which was set based on 5- point Likert’s scale.Results: Among 100 patients, males are more prevalent between the age groups 60-70. Diabetes mellitus (DM) (66%) and alcohol (37%) are the most common risk factors. Most of the study subjects belong to Child A (50%) category and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score of 51% of the patients were ≤9 with estimated 3-month mortality rate of 1.9%. Liver function tests (LFT) had shown that there was a significant difference between prior to and after treatment with the level of significance p<0.05, indicating that the drugs had been properly utilized in patients and found to be effective. The distributed infographics had a great impact among the study population.Conclusions: The study concluded that the drugs had been properly utilized and found to be effective in patients. The Infographics showed a positive impact among the study population.
Evaluation of drug promotional literatures in a tertiary care hospital setting in South India
Authors: Kudthni Ravi H. , Ahmed Fazeel Zubair , Madanna Sangala Srimanth , Derangula Samba Siva Raju , Kumar Pothuru Anil
Published: April 2021

Background: The drug promotional literature is one of many sources for seeking information about the drugs to the busy medical practitioner. The aim of current study was to assess drug promotional literatures as per world health organization, criteria and categorize them and to analyse the claims in presented in DPL.Methods: Current study is a descriptive study in which pharmaceutical promotional materials were collected from selected out-patient departments of a tertiary care hospital, Kurnool. Printed drug promotional literatures for modern drugs were collected and an assessment was made whether the advertisements adhered to WHO criteria for medicinal drug promotion.Results: A total of 271 drug promotional literatures were collected. Information about the single drug was given in 127 (46.9%). 144 (53.1%) DPLs contain fixed-dose combination. Majority of drug promoted in collected DPLs were miscellaneous group 83 (30.8%) followed by antimicrobials 55 (20.3%) and blood and cardiovascular drugs 37 (13.1), gastrointestinal drugs 23 (8.5%), drugs acting on endocrine system 23 (84.5%). Generic name was mentioned in 229 (84.5%) while brand name was mentioned in 271 (100%) of DPL.Conclusions: The study concluded that the drug information provided in the promotional brochures can be incomplete and unreliable. Hence a physician should not rely solely on the DPL provided by medical representatives. All brochures circulated among prescribers must undergo a strict process of assessment regarding information provided, especially related to efficacy and safety.
COVID-19 vaccines: the dilemma when thinking as a patient
Authors: Sharif Suleiman I. , Sharif Rubian S.
Published: April 2021

What is the truth about the conspiracy theory of the COVID-19 microchip vaccine? The outbreak of the COVID-19 witnessed a vicious race of pharmaceutical firms to develop a vaccine that ends this disaster. Claims were forwarded that some firms funded by well-known foundations are in the process of developing such a vaccine so people wide world can be tracked. Such claims may have been based on Mr. Bill Gate’s announcement in an interview that through vaccination "we will have some digital certificates" which would be used to show who had recovered, been tested and ultimately who received a vaccine but he made no mention of microchips.  The conspiracy theory is spreading around the world and its supporters are on the increase among the public as well as many healthcare professionals. The spread of the virus has been attributed to the introduction of 5G technology and many religious leaders attributed the crisis to punishment from God to the spread of local wars and mass killing, torturing and killing of Muslims in China and Myanmar gay and lesbian movement and marriages.