bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Rewiring and Altered Glial Differentiation in an iPSC-Derived Astrocytes Model Derived From a Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia Patient
Authors: Arribas-Carreira Laura , Castro Margarita , García Fernando , Navarrete Rosa , Bravo-Alonso Irene , Zafra Francisco , Ugarte Magdalena , Richard Eva , Perez Belen , Rodriguez-Pombo Pilar
Published: January 2024

The pathophysiology of Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia (NKH), a rare neuro-metabolic disorder associated with severe brain malformations and life-threatening neurological manifestations, remains incompletely understood. Therefore, a valid human neuronal model is essential. We aimed to investigate the impact of GLDC gene variants, which cause NKH, on cellular fitness during the differentiation process of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into iPSC-derived astrocytes and to identify sustainable mechanisms capable of overcoming GLDC deficiency. We developed the GLDC27-FiPS4F-1 line and performed metabolomic, mRNA abundance and protein analyses. The study showed that although GLDC27-FiPS4F-1 maintained the parental genetic profile, it underwent a metabolic switch to an altered serine-glycine-one-carbon metabolism with a coordinated cell growth and cell cycle proliferation response. We then differentiated the iPSCs into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and astrocyte-lineage cells. Analysis showed that GLDC-deficient NPCs had shifted towards a more heterogeneous astrocyte lineage with increased expression of the radial glial markers GFAP and GLAST and the neuronal markers MAP2 and NeuN. In addition, we detected changes in other genes related to serine and glycine metabolism and transport, all consistent with the need to maintain glycine at physiological levels. These findings improve our understanding of the pathology and offer new perspectives for therapeutic options.
Feasibility of Using Combustion-based Methods to Quantify Saline-based Anti-stripping Agent in Its Modified Asphalt Binders
Authors: Riyad Riyadul Hashem , Wu Ji , Shen Junan
Published: January 2024

“Anti-stripping Agents" or "adhesion promoters” can enhance the chemical affinity between as-phalt and aggregate by increasing their mutual attraction. Various forms of anti-stripping agents have been proposed to mitigate pavement stripping, and siloxane-based Zychotherm is one of them. Choosing the appropriate type and dose of anti-stripping additives is no doubt vital to the intended performance. Therefore, it is critically important to determine the dose of the additives used in the modification of asphalt binders. This research developed a feasible detection method that can closely measure the dose (0.05% and 0.1%) of siloxane-based anti-stripping liquid agents. Related test methods including heat combustion test, residue visualization, burning, and ignition were implemented. Heat combustion results showed that with the addition of Zychotherm anti-stripping additive, average heat combustion value decreased by 1.34% and 1.72% for 0.05% and 0.1% Zychotherm modified binder respectively. In the burning and ignition process, the modified binder leaves yellowish substances in the residue, which is an indication of the presence of Zy-chotherm. The weight of the yellowish residue relates more to the quantity of Zychotherm in as-phalt binder.
The Scientific Concept of Spiritual Security: Philosophical Analysis
Authors: Pirnazarov Nurnazar
Published: January 2024

Spiritual security should be a priority in our modern globalized society. Therefore, the study provides convincing evidence that it is important to develop a theoretical understanding of spiritual security. Several theoretical concerns regarding the establishment and maintenance of spiritual security are addressed in the article. He explores many ideas that are interrelated, including spiritual security, worldview, and spirituality. To ensure spiritual security, a practical analysis is carried out of the need to carry out various measures that strengthen the spiritual health of society.The article explains the methodology used in spiritual Security Investigations. According to the author, different levels of spiritual security can be analyzed using a structural-logical model and a dialectical method of cognition. Comparative analysis is also seen as a valuable tool. Spiritual intelligence is essential to overcome barriers, manage change, and ensure personal security and its impact on relationships. The process begins with introspection and evaluation, concluding with the ability to assess and understand the environment. By analyzing and understanding natural phenomena, it is possible to develop a sense of reality and a deeper appreciation of the nature of human existence. A person can feel spiritually safe if he adheres to his moral and spiritual beliefs and complies with the norms of society. It contains such things as worldview, social behavior, culture, research and social development. By expanding the spiritual point of view, the danger to the spiritual security of a person can be reduced.
Information Geometric Analysis of the Dynamics of M/M/∞ Transient Queue Manifold
Authors: A Mageed Dr Ismail
Published: January 2024

From a differential geometric perspective, information geometry (IG) aims to characterise the structure of statistical geodesic models. The research done for this paper offers a novel method for modelling the information geometry of a queuing system. From the perspective of IG, the manifold of the transient M/M/infinity queue is described in this context. The Fisher Information matrix (FIM) as well as the inverse of (FIM), (IFIM) of transient M/M/infinity QM are devised. In addition to that, new results that uncovered the significant impact of stability of QM on the existence of (IFIM) are obtained. Moreover, the Geodesic equations of motion of the coordinates of the underlying transient are obtained. Also, it is revealed that stable QM is developable (i.e., has a zero Gaussian curvature) and has a non-zero Ricci Curvature Tensor (RCT). Novel stability dynamics of transient M/M/iInfinity queue manifold is revealed by discovering the mutual dual impact between the behaviour of (RCT) and the stability(instability) phases of M/M/Infinity QM. Furthermore, a new discovery that presents the significant impact of stability of queue manifold and the continuity of the unique representation between M/G/1 queue manifold and Ricci Curvature Tensor (RCT). The information matrix exponential (IME) is devised. Also, it is shown that stability of the devised (IME) enforces the instability of M/M/ Infinity QM. More interestingly, novel relativistic info-geometric queueing theoretic links are revealed .
Spectrophotometry in PFOA Research: Preliminary Results for Fate Analysis Studies in a Small Research Laboratory
Authors: Nadler David
Published: January 2024

The degradation of the persistent compound perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water by ultraviolet light in the presence and absence of hydrogen peroxide was examined. A laboratory experiment was designed to answer the question: is UV spectrophotometry feasible for PFOA research? Spectrophotometry was able to measure the degradation of PFOA, but a very high concentration was required. The 1 mg/L used is very concentrated when compared to the 70 ng/L suggested level in drinking water. A UV/Visible diode array scanning spectrophotometer was used to measure changes in PFOA concentrations after 15-minute exposures to ultraviolet light and ultraviolet light with hydrogen peroxide. A noticeable drop in concentration was measured for a 1 mg/L sample. The reaction kinetics were calculated and are likely skewed due to the greater concentration of experimental PFOA. These preliminary results will allow for the next phases of PFOA research to commence, including confirmation through liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of low concentrations and developing bioremediation techniques.
Fractal Dimension(Df )Theory of Ismail's entropy(IE) with Potential Df applications to Smart Cities
Authors: A Mageed Dr Ismail
Published: January 2024

My innovative entropy measure, Ismail entropy, namely, (IE) is an ultimate generalization to numerous generalized entropies within the literature. The fractal dimension of IE is identified in this paper. On another applicative note, this paper offers some potential applications of fractal dimension to smart cities. The paper ends with closing remarks combined with some challenging open problems and the next phase of research.
Atrial Fibrillation and Lifestyle Modification: Charting New Courses for Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Fahimi Behzad , Beikmohammadi Somayeh , Rostami Parsa
Published: January 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF), a complex cardiac arrhythmia, necessitates a shift in management paradigms, emphasizing an integrative approach that incorporates lifestyle modifications. Investigations into the role of interleukins and inflammatory mediators are underway, exploring their potential as diagnostic markers and predictors of cardiovascular events in AF. Despite the identification of biomarkers related to cardiac remodeling, their predictive ability for post-cardioversion outcomes remains controversial. Computational models are being developed to understand proarrhythmic contributions and identify anti-AF targets. Addressing the rising global incidence of AF, linked to stroke and heart failure, presents a critical health challenge. As risk factors like obesity prevail, AF becomes a pervasive public health concern, expected to double in prevalence over the next 50 years. The impact on mortality and morbidity, especially through hospitalizations, underscores the need for early detection and effective clinical management. Identifying individuals at increased AF risk becomes crucial for screening and prevention strategies. Lifestyle modifications, including weight management and physical activity, emerge as influential factors in AF management, offering the potential to alleviate symptoms and modify disease progression. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for safer antiarrhythmic therapies based on AF mechanisms, promising improvement in global AF management. The multifaceted nature of AF etiology requires a broader perspective beyond traditional medical interventions, acknowledging the importance of integrated care to address this significant public health challenge.
Information Data Length Theory for the Transient
Authors: A Mageed Dr Ismail
Published: January 2024

The current paper provides a cutting-edge information data length- theoretic approach to the transient M/M/Infinity queueing system. This is a first time ever investigation that unifies information data length and queueing theories. The significant impact of both time and the number of states for the transient M/M/ Infinity queue on both the upper and lower bounds of the obtained information data length is observed and noted. The paper concludes with some challenging open problems, combined with concluding remarks and future research pathways.
The Influence of the Current Magnitudes and Profiles on the Sedimentation of Magnetorheological Fluids: An Experimental Work
Authors: Maharani Elliza Tri , Seo Myeong-Won , Sohn Jung Woo , Oh Jong-Seok , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: January 2024

Magnetorheological (MR) fluid is recognized as one of intelligent materials that is widely used for various kinds of controllable devices since its rheological characteristics can be controlled by an external magnetic field (or input current). However, the density mismatch of the compositions between iron particles and carrier oil leads to inevitable sedimentation. Therefore, many works on the sedimentation problem of MR fluids have been carried out to improve the sedimentation stability using appropriate additives, surfactants, nanoparticles, particle coating as well as using several carrier oils with different densities. However, a study on the effect of the current magnitudes and profiles on the sedimentation is considerably rare. This study experimentally investigates the sedimentation behaviors due to the different current magnitudes and different profiles such as square and sine wave. It is shown that average sedimentation rate is 98.61% by applying 1 A of the square wave, while it is 97.83% under the sine type of the current. It is also identified that the higher intensity of the applied current results in stronger electromagnetic which can slow down the sedimentation rate. The results presented in this work are very helpful in designing a controller which provides the input current in terms of the magnitude and profile configuration.
Seasonal Variability of Cultivable Nitrate Reducing and Denitrifying Bacteria and Functional Gene Copy Number in a Fresh Water Lake
Authors: Böllmann Jörg , Martienssen Marion
Published: January 2024

This study describes the seasonal course of denitrifying and nitrate reducing bacteria in a dimictic mesotrophic lake (Lake Scharmützelsee, Brandenburg, Germany) within a three-year period from 2011 to 2013. The bacterial cell numbers were quantified by fluorescence microscopy, most probable number (MPN) and PCR dependent quantification of the chromosomal 16S rDNA and of the nirS and nirK gene copy number. The highest seasonal differences (up to three orders of magnitudes) has been measured by MPN in the epilimnion. This variation was not reflected by PCR dependent approaches or direct microscopical enumeration. At adverse conditions (low temperature and/or low nitrate concentrations), the differences between MPN and gene copy numbers increased up to five orders of magnitudes and decreased to one magnitude at favorable environmental conditions. These results can be explained best by an increasing ratio of viable but not cultivable (VBNC) cells or dead cells at impairing conditions. In the hypolimnion, the courses of MPN and nir gene copy numbers were similar. This can be explained by higher feeding pressure and therefore smaller amounts of dormant cells. In the pelagial in general, the total cell numbers enumerated by either microscopical or molecular approaches were similar. In the sediment, more than 99 % of the DNA was obviously not related to viable bacteria but was rather “dead DNA” in dead cells or adsorbed to particle surfaces.
Minimizing Cost Overrun in Rail Projects through 5D-BIM: A Conceptual Governance Framework
Authors: Hussain Osama A. I. , Moehler Robert C. , Walsh Stuart , Doe Ahiaga-Dagbui Dominic
Published: January 2024

Integration of 5D Building Information Modelling (BIM) into large rail projects has the potential to significantly enhance cost management and control. Nevertheless, 5D-BIM implementation has encountered difficulties stemming from technical, functional, and governance-related factors. This paper builds a conceptual framework to support financial decision-making, enhances project management, and promotes efficient project delivery. The framework encompasses a set of interrelated elements that include project governance, BIM policies and standards, digital platforms, BIM LOD, cost estimation classification, and continuous improvement. The proposed framework acknowledges the significance of project governance in guiding and organizing the implementation of 5D-BIM. Additionally, BIM policies and standards ensure the adherence to quality standards for the produced BIM models. Digital platforms serve as the basis for multiple users to generate, access, share, and exchange project information. BIM LOD promotes collaboration and coordination among all project stakeholders. Cost estimation classification aligns the estimation process with the development of project scope and financial decision-making. Continuous improvement plays a vital role in optimizing processes, enhancing efficiency, and achieving higher-quality outcomes. Moreover, it fosters stakeholder satisfaction, improves project performance, and nurtures a conducive environment for innovation and learning. The study analyses the framework utilization in the Victorian rail projects and identifies key implementation challenges. This can be summed up as follows: The main technical hurdles were the lack of current horizontal infrastructure standards for data exchange and the lack of compatibility with current cost management standards. Increased project complexity and the absence of clear project governance strategies and processes posed organizational challenges. A further validation of the framework in real-world rail projects was recommended to achieve the implementation goals.
Bioinspired Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Soft Actuators
Authors: Wang Zhongbao , Chen Yixin , Ma Yuan , Wang Jing
Published: January 2024

Biomimetic stimuli-responsive materials can respond to various external stimuli in the form of structural or morphological transformations by actively or passively converting input energy into mechanical energy. They are the core element of soft actuators for typical smart devices like soft robots, artificial muscles, intelligent sensors and nanogenerators. While significant progresses have been made in bioinspired stimuli-responsive materials, they have not yet achieved the remarkable properties in biological systems. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in biomimetic stimuli-responsive materials that are instrumental for soft actuators. Different stimuli-responsive principles for soft actuators are firstly discussed, including fluidic, electrical, thermal, magnetic, light and chemical stimuli. We further summarize the state-of-the-art stimuli-responsive materials for soft actuators and explore the advantages and disadvantages of using electroactive polymers, magnetic soft composites, hydrogels, liquid crystal elastomers, shape memory alloys and chemical-responsive materials. Finally, we provide a critical outlook on the field of stimuli-responsive soft actuators, and emphasize the challenges in the process of their implementation to various industries.
Info-Geometric Analysis of Human-Trust Based Feedback Control (HTBFC) Five-Dimensional Manifold with HTBFC Applications to Robotics
Authors: A Mageed Ismail
Published: January 2024

Using the potent tools of information geometry (IG), the current research analyses the information geometrics of the five-dimensional HTBFC Manifold. By enabling a unique revolutionary analysis for the performance of Human-Trust Based Feedback Control (HTBFC), the integration of information geometry into HTBFC facilitates the relativistic analysis of the five-dimensional HTBFC manifold. Both the two- and three-dimensional manifold subcases are investigated. This work provides a ground-breaking approach to IG unification of Human- Machine Interactions (HMIs). Some potential applications of HTBFC to robotics are presented.Conclusions are provided, along with some emerging open problems and recommendations for future research.
Real-Time Horse Behavior Classification Based on Wearable Devices and Multi-level Threshold Analysis
Authors: Chen Xuan , Li Fu zhong , Li Jin xing , Fan Qi jie , Kwan Paul , Cao Ke tao , Zheng Wen xin , Guo Lei feng
Published: January 2024

Analyzing horse behavior is crucial for assessing training quality, particularly in accurately identifying actions like standing, walking, and running. Research has been conducted both domestically and internationally in this regard; however, challenges persist, including reliance on single sensors, poor real-time performance, and low identification accuracy. In view of these challenges, this study investigated real-time identification of horse behavior based on wearable devices. The system, centered around a microcontroller and utilizing a 4G network as a carrier, employs multi-axis IMU sensors as input sources to perceive horse posture. The study proposed a behavior classification method based on analysis of acceleration thresholds. The method consists primarily of two sequential stages: first, the resultant acceleration interval counting method, which employs a nonlinear segmentation approach for initial behavior classification; and second, the statistical analysis of variance parameters between segments, which when coupled with multi-level threshold processing, achieves a refined classification. Experimental results indicated that the interval counting method alone achieved an accuracy of 87.55%, while for the variance analysis method alone the accuracy was 90.87%. The proposed method, comprising the two stages, reached a classification accuracy of 91.57%, underpinning its usefulness in supporting future equine research.
Design and Utilization of a 3D printed Tooth-Borne Orthodontic Molar Distalizer Library
Authors: Smeets Bregt , Smeets Tim
Published: January 2024

This papers objective is to describe a method of in-office 3D designing and 3D printing of a tooth-borne molar distalizer and create a library to easily reproduce the needed distalizers in a private orthodontic clinic. Research objectives were to design and 3D print molar distalizers, clinically use in orthodontic treatment settings, assess the strength and frequency of debonding and or breakage. The print resin used was Dental LT Clear V2 (RS-F2-DLCL-02) from formlabs. The 3D printer used was a Formlabs 3B+printer. 16 patients were treated with these 3D printed distalizers. Patients selected were between 11 Years and 49 Years old, Class II occlusion with no skeletal Class II values. The skeletal cephalometric values of the six patients were within the range of SNA = 81± 3º , SNB = 78 ± 3º , ANB = 3 ± 2º. The mean duration of the 3D printed appliance was 14.58 ± 4.31 weeks. The aim reached, was to position molars and canines in a dental Class I position. The combined failure rate was 0.94. A library of distalizers has been made of sizes between 16mm and 29mm, they are easy to print and easy to use in office.
Penerapan Metode Kano, Customer Satisfaction Index dan Quality Function Deployment dalam Menganalisis Kepuasan Mahasiswa Terhadap Penerapan MB-KM
Authors: Usman Sri Adiningsi B. , Isa Dewi Rahmawaty , Nuha Agusyarif Rezka
Published: January 2024

The implementation of the MB-KM program in Higher Education has a variety of obstacles based on points of view. Internship is a form of implementing the MB-KM program which involves students as executors of the program. This study aims to analyze student satisfaction with the implementation of MB-KM using the Kano method, Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD). The Kano method aims to categorize variable attributes, the CSI method to calculate the overall level of satisfaction and the QFD to determine priority attribute improvements. Kano's results show that 5 attributes are in quadrant A, 30 attributes are in quadrant O, 5 attributes are in quadrant I and 13 attributes are in quadrant M. The results of the analysis of the Customer Satisfaction Index are 87.57% meaning students are "very satisfied". The final result of the HOQ attribute that is the priority is attribute .
Perbandingan Metode Naïve Bayes Classifier dengan Metode Random Forest pada Prediksi Rating Review Drama Korea
Authors: Meisty Ferisa Dwi Alfia , Anggraeni Dian , Fatekurohman Mohamat
Published: January 2024

Korean dramas have very many fans and are spread in various countries. This study aims to determine whether the korean drama is classified as Bagus, Tidak Bagus, or Cukup Bagus and compares two methods, namely the naïve bayes classifier method and the random forest method in predicting korean drama review ratings. This study shows that the naïve bayes classifier and random forest methods are capable of predicting korean drama review ratings. In the prediction review, the random forest method obtained an accuracy value of 89%, while the naïve bayes classifier method obtained an accuracy value of 86%. In rating predictions, the random forest method obtains an accuracy value of 41%, while the naïve bayes classifier method obtains an accuracy value of 40%. The conclusion of this study is that the random forest method is superior and accurate in predicting Korean drama review ratings.
The Role of Teachers in Facilitating The Development of Emotional Intelligence of Students: A Case Study of SMK Students in Surakarta
Authors: Kusumawati Nuur Roofiah , Budiyanto Cucuk Wawan , Siyamtiningtyas Yuliyani
Published: January 2024

The development of the world of education in Indonesia has adapted to the global dynamics and demands of the evolving world of work. Emotional intelligence, which includes self-awareness, emotional control, self-motivation, empathy, and collaborative skills, is recognized as the key to preparing younger generations for the complexities of the globalization era. This research focuses on the High School of Teaching (SMK) in Surakarta, Indonesia, where emotional intelligence becomes a crucial aspect, in addition to technical expertise. Daniel Goleman suggests that individual success is more influenced by emotional intelligence than intellectual intelligence. This research uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach with data collection performed by observation and interview. Participants were selected purposely for sampling because they had a deep understanding or experience of the subject being studied, namely students of the XI RPL class. The results of the study on the development of emotional intelligence of SMK students showed the role of teachers in helping students develop self-awareness and manage emotions effectively. Students showed improvements in the aspects of self-awareness, emotional control, self-motivation, empathy, and collaboration during learning. The teacher's role as a facilitator and mentor became crucial in creating a positive learning environment. Teachers not only provide lessons but also guide students in facing challenges and conflicts wisely.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Vocational Education
Authors: Suparyati Atik , Widiastuti Indah , Saputro Ida Nugroho , Pambudi Nugroho Agung
Published: January 2024

Artificial Intelligence is a technology that has rapidly developed in this decade. Its capability to perform tasks previously achievable only by humans has made this technology popular and utilized across various sectors, including vocational education. In vocational education, Artificial Intelligence plays a role in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of teaching. One example is the development of adaptive learning programs that can adjust the curriculum according to students' abilities and needs. Additionally, Artificial Intelligence is also used to evaluate student performance and provide automatic feedback. This system can assist in assessing and monitoring student performance, enabling teachers to focus on teaching and student development. This study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. This method is used to identify, assess, evaluate, and interpret all available research within the field of the relevant phenomenon, guided by specific research questions. By using this method, a systematic review and identification of journals can be conducted, following predefined steps. The data for this study is obtained from relevant journals between the years 2013 to 2021, totaling 15 literature journals from various countries. The primary goal of this research is to provide a deeper understanding of the role of this technology in vocational education and to present a framework that can be used as a guide for the implementation of Artificial Intelligence. It is anticipated that this research will assist educators and decision-makers in effectively utilizing Artificial Intelligence to enhance learning, skills, and vocational student preparation for the continually evolving job market.
La implementación de costos en el club campestre Villa Natalia
Authors:   , Ricasca Galarza Janeth Nayeli , Ramos Valdez Diego Arnaldo
Published: January 2024

Actualmente en el club “Villa Natalia “se precisa encontrar herramientas para optimizar la gestión del proceso productivo de los servicios que brindan, a fin de identificar su rentabilidad. En el presente trabajo de investigación, se aplicarán los aprendizajes adquiridos a lo largo de nuestra trayectoria en la carrera de Contabilidad y Finanzas, con el propósito de instaurar un sistema que facilite la medición del costo estándar y genere información precisa y coherente. Mediante esto la gerencia será capaz de tomar decisiones más efectivas y optimizar las prestaciones ofrecidas por el Club Villa Natalia. Además, como se mencionó previamente, la empresa carece de un método propio para calcular costos, lo que dificulta asignar correctamente los costos usados en sus múltiples servicios. En este estudio de investigación, se examinarán los costos estándares con el fin de fijar precios exactos y valorar su ganancia correspondiente. Con el fin de lograrlo, será implementado un nuevo sistema de costos que otorgará a la empresa una mayor capacidad para estimar los precios específicos por servicio, con especial atención al área recreativa. Como resultado se podrá calcular con precisión la ganancia real obtenida en el Club Villa Natalia.
Modelo de gestión de la capacidad competitiva de exportación, de la Empresas Pymes de Olivo; en la región Tacna-Perú
Authors:   , Paredes Bullón David Eduardo
Published: January 2024

El trabajo de investigación presentado tiene por finalidad dar a conocer cómo afrontan su capacidad competitiva de exportación las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) de olivo de la región Tacna-Perú, con respecto a las herramientas estratégicas de la Ruta Exportadora y de la conformación de clústeres o consorcios empresariales. A partir de ello, se podrá plantear propuestas que permitan generar una planificación estratégica, optimizar su capacidad competitiva y disposición para enfrentarse apropiadamente a una economía de libre mercado, el cual ha incrementado su competencia. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación, se planteó la siguiente pregunta general: ¿cómo afrontan el modelo de gestión de la capacidad competitiva de exportación las pymes de exportación de olivo en la región Tacna-Perú, en el periodo 2017, a través del conocimiento de las herramientas estratégicas de la Ruta Exportadora y de la conformación de clústeres o consorcios empresariales? Posteriormente, se definió el objetivo general: conocer de qué manera afrontan el modelo de gestión de la capacidad competitiva de exportación las pymes de exportación de olivo de la región Tacna - Perú, en el periodo 2017, a través del conocimiento de las herramientas estratégicas de la Ruta Exportadora y de la conformación de clústeres o consorcios empresariales. Se fundamenta en la aspiración de eficiencia y eficacia en su gestión empresarial y de incrementar sus oportunidades de exportación.
Engineering a Synthetic Friction Reducer to Combat Undesirable Formation of FR-Metal Complex/Precipitation in Slickwater Fracturing
Authors: Sun Hong , Lin Ying-ying , Geng Xi , Wickramasinghe Lanka , Zalluhoglu Fulya , Wang Qing
Published: January 2024

During stimulation and production, a highly viscous and rubbery precipitation can form due to incompatibility of friction reducer polymers (cationic, anionic or amphoteric) with ferric ions, particularly in formations with high iron content. This material plugs up proppant packs, even production strings, and is extremely detrimental to well productivity. A straightforward sequestration approach with chelants does not work because of poor outcome and prohibitive economics. Compatible biopolymer FRs, as an alternative approach, have limited applications due to their moderate FR performance compared to synthetic PAM based polymers.

This work shows the development of a novel synthetic friction reducer to address this challenge. The polymer was designed by systematically optimizing monomer compositions, molecular weight and surfactant packages. Friction reduction performance of the newly developed FR was evaluated in friction loops under various water conditions. Iron tolerance tests were performed by mixing ferric iron with prehydrated FRs under different pHs, at high concentrations, and salinities. The mixture solutions were then placed in a water bath for heat treatment to simulate downhole conditions and to accelerate the formation of the ferric/FR complexes. Comparative experiments were performed using conventional FRs. In order to probe the interaction between polymers and the iron species, zeta potential analyzer was applied to measure charge changes of the polymer strands.

The newly developed FR showed superior FR performance with fast hydration and high overall friction reduction, in both fresh water and synthetic brines. In iron tolerance tests, rubbery precipitations formed in solutions for all three types of conventional FRs, while no such precipitations were observed with the newly developed FR, even in the presence of 500 ppm ferric ion. This test was repeated in a wide range of pH and salinity conditions and no significant viscosity change of the FR polymer solution was observed before and after the test. Zeta potential measurements confirmed the validity of the polymer design to minimize the interaction between the new FR polymer and iron ions.

This paper demonstrates that the newly developed friction reducer successfully solves the incompatibility issue of FRs with iron spices, i.e., without flocculation on the surface or formation of gummy precipitations downhole. Its superior friction reduction performance with no concerns of potential damages make it a strong candidate for iron-rich fields. Mechanism of the interaction between iron and synthetic polymers is proposed and confirmed by zeta potential results. The manuscript discusses in depth the strategy of the design of the newly developed copolymer, including selection of monomers, molecular weight control, and inverting surfactants.
Proppant Crush Testing: The Pitfalls of the Standard API 19C Crush Test
Authors: Renkes I. J. , Money G. M. , Garza A. E.
Published: January 2024

This paper will look at the evolution of the Proppant Crush Test and perform a deep dive into the API 19C method, exploring inconsistency of results between 3rd party laboratories, possible causes of the inconsistency, and how that impacts proppant of different gradations.

While there are many varying grades of proppants which are utilized in hydraulic fracturing, this study focuses on the 3 that are frequently utilized in current industry and available: 30/50, 40/70 & 100 Mesh (40/140). Samples were collected from the author's Kermit facility. Each sample was tested 30 times according to the prevailing API 19C Measurement of and Specifications for Proppants Used in Hydraulic Fracturing and Gravel-packing Operations at a designated stress level to facilitate cross laboratory comparison (30/50 – 6,000 psi closure, 40/70 – 8,000 psi closure, 100 Mesh – 10,000 psi closure). The samples were then split and submitted to 4 different 3rd party laboratories across a period of time with varying sample ID's for the above described testing procedure.

Results from independent 3rd party laboratories demonstrate that as the proppant grade and the variation in crush results has an inverse relationship. Meaning, increased variation in crush results is expected as gradation becomes finer. Results show up to a 70% difference in fines produced between 3rd party laboratories and intra laboratory difference were as high as 30%. Procedures and equipment were investigated to determine the cause of the variation between and within laboratories. Since crush testing can be an important factor in operators determining a supplier, the current standard is not serving the industry's needs.

This paper builds on the pervious ideas and findings that the API 19C Crush Test, while an improvement on past methods, is not without its flaws and care should be taken when evaluating results and making decisions.
What Can You Learn from a DFIT on Fiber Optics?
Authors: Kerr Erich , Barree Robert , Estrada Erick
Published: January 2024

This field study, the first major test on the Department of Energy's (DOE) Austin Chalk / Eagle Ford Shale Laboratory (ACEFSL), explores the application of Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests (DFITs) on fiber optics. Commonly, DFITs induce a reservoir fracture to measure initial stresses, pore pressures, and flow capacity to then integrate into models to optimize development. This field test captures material insights beyond typical DFITs that influence 3D fracture growth and well productivity understandings.

A novel technique was added on a DFIT conducted across multiple permanent fiber optics wells to detect strain and temperature changes throughout the process. A standard DFIT was initially injected across the high-resolution fiber optics (in-well), followed by the detailed recording of the behavior over several weeks. Subsequently, a much larger DFIT was pumped into the same location to induce a discernible response on an offset, equally instrumented fiber well. This methodology created a layered, comprehensive data set, expanding our understanding of DFIT and fracture mechanisms.

The trial yielded compelling findings—it was possible to identify volume balance characteristics of fracture growth, time of arrival, orientations, and pressure response mechanics. Moreover, a detailed picture of near and far-field fracture dynamics during stimulation and subsequent phases emerged, with the recorded data showing clear correlations and understandings related to the interconnected processes involved in fracture growth and reservoir fluid dynamics, which may now be included in all development analyses. In this paper, the results of this field test will also be simulated and compared to full stimulation stages on this well with additional field measurements to illustrate the implication of these diagnostics and interpretations, especially in areas with complex geology.

This paper provides unique insights that influence our understanding of well development by directly tying common field tests to subsurface fundamentals with more advanced fiber diagnostics to improve our predictive workflows. Many of the factors explored include near well failure mechanics, fracture growth & volume characteristics, and dynamic responses related to poroelasticity and stress. These learnings deliver actionable knowledge that can be used to drive resource development efficiency and optimization for many operators to continue advancing the petroleum industry.
Reservoir and Completion Characterization Leads to Improved Completion and Well Spacing Economics in Several U.S. Plays
Authors: Schubarth S. K.
Published: January 2024

Completion optimization and development optimization are two terms that can mean many different things to people in our industry. What are we optimizing? Minimizing completion cycle time, maximizing a production parameter (90 day cumulative, IP or EUR), minimizing well cost, maximizing perf cluster efficiency, or an economic focus, maximizing NPV, ROI, ROR or minimizing time to payout and so on. This paper will focus on methods that have been used to maximize NPV and ROI for both individual well completions and field development in unconventional multi-stage wells. The methods used in this paper allow us to define the key reservoir and completion characteristics that govern the production behavior of these wells and reservoirs. These three key reservoir and completion parameters are; the formation permeability; the number of producing fractures in the completion; and the average effective fracture half-length of those producing hydraulic fractures. There are many other parameters that must be known to solve the very complex problem that is completion and development optimization, such as net pay, porosity, water saturation, reservoir pressure and fluid properties. We are going to rely on other geological and engineering team members to provide how these values may change across a development area.

Many operators are attempting to solve this problem through the analysis of "Big Data". Large amounts of data are a good thing and should be analyzed statistically, through machine learning and through artificial neural networks, however most of these processes lack the ability to extrapolate outside of their range of existing data without incorporating some type of physical model. "Big Data" costs a significant amount of capital to develop. Wells must be drilled and completed and produced and while these processes rely on data from producing wells, meaningful results can be achieved with only a small fraction of the data required for machine learning. After evaluating countless horizontal, muti-stage well production curves, over 80% behave in the manner described in this paper. There are exceptions, most of which have mechanical problems. Where implemented, the recommendations derived from the processes described in this paper have resulted in the reduction of significant capital cost and increases in individual well hydrocarbon recoveries.
An Interdisciplinary Economic Appraisal of Plug-And-Perf Versus Single-Point Entry Completions Systems Using Simulation
Authors: Eidson B. , Macdonald J. , Carduner R. , Theodore C. , Hervo S.
Published: January 2024

Selecting which formation access and interstage isolation approach is economically superior is difficult to assess due to the complex interactions of these systems’ impact on drilling and completions cycle time and cost and well performance. An integrated view is necessary to assess the economics of single-point entry sleeve completions systems and plug-and-perf systems. The difficulty is exacerbated by the uncertainty of the percentage of effective plug-and-perf clusters. This paper documents the use of commercial simulation software to precisely estimate the daily cashflows for the life of a well pad (from rig move to decommissioning) using designs based on each system. The plug-and-perf cluster efficiency percentage is swept, and the percentage at which its economics breakeven with the single-point entry scenario is calculated. This is performed for multiple subsurface areas whose well performance vary differently from one another as effective cluster spacing changes. Using NPV/section, it was discovered plug-and-perf scenarios needed a cluster efficiency between 38-52% to breakeven with the corresponding single-point entry scenario. However, these results are highly dependent on an operator's contractual frameworks, well performance, and well production constraints.
Evaluation of Fracture Stimulation Performance Based on Production Log Interpretation
Authors: Li Gongsheng , Sakaida Shohei , Zhu Ding , Hill A. D. , Kerr Erich
Published: January 2024

Production logging is a traditional approach to monitor an inflow profile in a hydraulically fractured horizontal well. By quantitatively interpreting production logs run in a hydraulically fractured horizontal well, we can evaluate and optimize fracture stimulation design. This paper presents a field example of completion analysis based on production log interpretation. In this well, the fracture treatment design was varied by stage to examine which completion parameters are more influential on productivity. The production performance for each stage was evaluated using an array of spinner flowmeters and phase holdup-sensing devices, and a temperature log.

Multiple-sensor array tools were used to measure the phase holdup and local fluid velocity along the wellbore. The cross-sectional area of the wellbore was divided into five segments. The phase distribution of gas, oil, and water within each wellbore segment was assigned based on the phase holdup values along the wellbore. The array spinner flowmeters provided the local velocity inside each wellbore segment. This paper presents a methodology for using data from array production logging tools to interpret the volumetric flow rates of each phase at each interpretation point along the wellbore. The differences in these wellbore phase flow rates provide the downhole inflow distribution along the hydraulically fractured horizontal well.

Temperature logs can reveal fluid entry locations as the places where temperature anomalies caused by Joule-Thomson effects occur. When gas is produced, the Joule-Thomson cooling effect as the gas expands in the near-well region generates a cool anomaly that locates the gas entry location. In some cases, the Joule-Thomson heating effect caused by liquid production identifies liquid inflow locations. By performing a temperature history match using a thermal simulator, we quantitatively obtained the gas inflow rates at each active cluster location. This paper demonstrates that the temperature log interpretation provides the inflow profile along the experimental well based on the cooling anomalies.

Once we confirm that the inflow profiles estimated by the interpretation of the array production logging tool and the temperature log are comparable to each other, we evaluate the fracture stimulation design based on the production performance for each stage. We present the effect of statistically significant fracture design variables on stage production performance derived from the production log interpretations.
Minimizing Parent-Child Effect in the Anadarko Basin Through Parent Recharges
Authors: Wilson K. D. , Tabatabaei M.
Published: January 2024

Recharging parents has been used as a technique in the Anadarko Basin to mitigate the parent-child effect since 2018. Usually, parent wells either don't return to their pre-infill rate or recover slowly after frac hits. On the other hand, the performance of the child directly adjacent to the parent can be negatively impacted by the presence of the parent and underperform other infills. Recharging a parent prior to completing the children not only can help the parent well recover to its pre-infill rate faster but also can help minimize the parent-child effect and improve the performance of the children, specifically direct offsets. Over time our recharge operations and design parameters have evolved significantly to increase the effectiveness and improve economics of the program. Many trials were performed to identify key design parameters that impact parent recovery post frac-hit. In addition, a robust analysis was done to quantify the effect of recharges on direct offsets. This paper presents several case studies of successful and unsuccessful parent recharges in the Anadarko Basin. We will review candidate selection criterion and discuss key parameters that optimize the recharge program to maximize the effectiveness on parent recovery and minimize the parent effect on the parent adjacent child wells. The key parameters that will be discussed are recharge volume, pump rate, magnitude of pressure depletion, distance between the parent and the direct offset, and completion design.