bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Top-Down NOX Emissions of European Cities Based on the Downwind Plume of Modelled and Space-Borne Tropospheric NO2 Columns
Authors: Verstraeten Willem W. , Boersma Klaas Folkert , Douros John , Williams Jason E. , Eskes Henk , Liu Fei , Beirle Steffen , Delcloo Andy
Published: August 2018

Top-down estimates of surface NOX emissions were derived for 23 European cities based on the downwind plume decay of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns from the LOTOS-EUROS (Long Term Ozone Simulation-European Ozone Simulation) chemistry transport model (CTM) and from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite retrievals, averaged for the summertime period (April–September) during 2013. Here we show that the top-down NOX emissions derived from LOTOS-EUROS for European urban areas agree well with the bottom-up NOX emissions from the MACC-III inventory data (R2 = 0.88) driving the CTM demonstrating the potential of this method. OMI top-down NOX emissions over the 23 European cities are generally lower compared with the MACC-III emissions and their correlation is slightly lower (R2 = 0.79). The uncertainty on the derived NO2 lifetimes and NOX emissions are on average ~55% for OMI and ~63% for LOTOS-EUROS data. The downwind NO2 plume method applied on both LOTOS-EUROS and OMI tropospheric NO2 columns allows to estimate NOX emissions from urban areas, demonstrating that this is a useful method for real-time updates of urban NOX emissions with reasonable accuracy.
An Integrated Dead Reckoning with Cooperative Positioning Solution to Assist GPS NLOS Using Vehicular Communications
Authors: Nascimento Pedro Paulo Liborio Lima do , Kimura Bruno Yuji Lino , Guidoni Daniel Ludovico , Villas Leandro Aparecido
Published: August 2018

In Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), the Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) paradigm based on the WAVE IEEE 802.11p standard is the main alternative for inter-vehicle communications. Recently, many protocols, applications, and services have been developed with a wide range of objectives, ranging from comfort to security. Most of these services rely on location systems and require different levels of accuracy for their full operation. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is an off-the-shelf solution for localization in VANETs and ITS. However, GPS systems present problems regarding inaccuracy and unavailability in dense urban areas, multilevel roads, and tunnels, posing a challenge for protocols, applications, and services that rely on localization. With this motivation, we carried out a characterization of the problems of inaccuracy and unavailability of GPS systems from real datasets, and regions around tunnels were selected. Since the nodes of the vehicular network are endowed with wireless communication, processing and storage capabilities, an integrated Dead Reckoning aided Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP)-based Cooperative Positioning solution was developed and evaluated. Leveraging the potential of vehicular sensors, such as odometers, gyroscopes, and digital compasses, vehicles share their positions and kinematics information using vehicular communication to improve their location estimations. With the assistance of a digital map, vehicles adjust the final estimated position using the road geometry. The situations of GPS unavailability characterized in the datasets were reproduced in a simulation environment to validate the proposed localization solution. The simulation results show average gains in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between 97% to 98% in comparison with the stand-alone GPS solution, and 83.00% to 88.00% against the GPS and Dead Reckoning (DR) only solution. The average absolute RMSE was reduced to the range of 3 to 5 m by vehicle. In addition, the proposed solution was shown to support 100% of the GPS unavailability zones on the evaluated scenarios.
The Influence of Social Capitalism on Construction Safety Behaviors: An Exploratory Megaproject Case Study
Authors: Wu Xiuyu , Chong Heap-Yih , Wang Ge , Li Shuquan
Published: August 2018

Health and safety issues are critical factors influencing the sustainable development of mega construction projects. The impact of social capitalism on health and safety activities has been widely discussed in sustainability domains; nevertheless, its influence towards workers’ safety behaviors in mega construction projects remains largely unknown. To address this research gap, the current study aims to determine the influence of social capitalism on safety behaviors from a two-fold perspective between project managers and construction workers. An exploratory case study was adopted from a mega construction project in Tianjin, China. The results reveal that (a) the social network between project managers and construction workers manifests itself as close communication and contact, trust and emotional identification, common language, vision, and values; (b) project managers’ management behaviors show stronger influences on construction workers’ safety compliance behaviors, while their leadership behaviors show stronger influences on construction workers’ safety participation behaviors; and (c) the practice of social capitalism promotes enforcement of commands and compulsory norms and plays a positive regulatory role on safety behaviors. These findings provide new insights into the use of social capitalism for improving safety behaviors and ultimately facilitate the attainment of the broader goal of sustainability in mega construction projects.
An Improved Voronoi-Diagram-Based Algorithm for Continuous Facility Location Problem under Disruptions
Authors: Wang Jiguang , Wu Yucai
Published: August 2018

The classical location models implicitly assume that the facilities, once built, will always operate as planned. However, some of the facilities may become unavailable from time to time due to disruptions which highlight the urgent need to effectively manage supply chain disruptions in spite of their low probability of occurrence. Therefore, it is critical to take account of disruptions when designing a resilient supply chain network so that it performs well as a whole even after an accidental disruption. In this paper, a stylized facility location problem is considered in a continuous plane which is solved through an improved Voronoi-diagram-based algorithm under disruption risks. The research problem is to minimize the total cost in normal and failure scenarios. Furthermore, the impact of misestimating the disruption probability is also investigated. The results numerically show that although the estimated disruption probability has a significant impact on the facilities configuration, it has a minor impact on the total quantity of facilities and the expected total cost. Therefore, this paper proposes that the decision-maker should moderately overestimate disruption risk based on the “pessimistic principle”. Finally, the conclusion considers managerial insights and proposes potential areas for future research.
Do Local Landscape Elements Enhance Individuals’ Place Attachment to New Environments? A Cross-Regional Comparative Study in China
Authors: Liu Qunyue , Fu Weicong , Van den Bosch Cecil C. Konijnendijk , Xiao Yiheng , Zhu Zhipeng , You Da , Zhu Nanyan , Huang Qitang , Lan Siren
Published: August 2018

Globalization and urbanization have made many Chinese cities lose their distinct characteristics and have led to emotional sense of loss for individuals. Place attachment, as encompassing place dependence and place identity, is the positive emotion that describes the psychological connections between people and a certain place. Many studies have indicated that people develop place attachment toward a certain place by long-term interaction with that place. However, few studies have demonstrated that place attachment might also be evoked by a landscape that looks familiar, but with which a person has not had long-term interactions. It is important to understand the role of place attachment in urban design, as neglecting place attachment can have a negative impact on the outcomes of urban planning and urban design. In this study we explored the contributions of local landscape elements to people’s place attachment to a new physical environment by means of a cross-regional comparative study. Three groups of respondents living in three different areas of China were chosen, and a photo-based approach was used to examine the association between local landscape elements and place attachment. The results indicate, first, that local landscapes positively contribute to residents’ place attachment. Next, an individual’s place attachment to new environments can be enhanced by adding familiar local landscape elements. Findings suggest that planners and designers can build stronger place attachment by integrating landscape elements that are familiar to people. This can have implications, for example, when creating links between newcomers and the new environments to which they have moved.
The Role of Factors Affecting the Adoption of Environmentally Friendly Farming Practices: Can Geographical Context and Time Explain the Differences Emerging from Literature?
Authors: Mozzato Daniele , Gatto Paola , Defrancesco Edi , Bortolini Lucia , Pirotti Francesco , Pisani Elena , Sartori Luigi
Published: August 2018

Environmentally Friendly Farming Practices (EFFPs) are tools aimed at providing ecosystem services or mitigating the environmental impacts of intensive agriculture. A large literature has explored the factors affecting the adoption of EFFPs by farmers. However, opposite effects of several factors on uptake have often emerged. We carried out a qualitative meta-analysis of the literature seeking to identify some geographical and temporal trends that can provide a rationale to explain these opposite results. To reach this goal, we analysed the literature and classified the following factors affecting farmers’ behaviour according to the theory of reasoned action and planned behaviour: farm, farmer, informational, and social factors. Our perspective in exploring the existing literature shows that the geographical context and the temporal period under analysis, considered as different adopters’ cohorts, can explain most of the opposite effects. For example, while the different effects of farm structural factors show specific geographical patterns, those of the management and economic factors follow temporal trends. The impact of some farmers’ socio-demographical characteristics and some social factors can be explained in terms of both geographical context and time. The broad trends we found cast light on the importance of further research adopting the same methodological approach in different geographical contexts and under a temporal perspective.
A Study on Estimation Equation for Damage and Recovery Costs Considering Human Losses Focused on Natural Disasters in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Song Young Seok , Park Moo Jong
Published: August 2018

In this study, we conduct an estimation study of the damage costs, recovery costs, and human losses in the case of natural disasters in the Republic of Korea. This research method analyzed human losses, damage costs, and recovery costs caused by natural disasters that swept across the Republic of Korea over the past 16 years, from 2000 to 2015, including extreme wind, heavy snowfall, typhoon, wind wave, and heavy rainfall. Damage status and trend of occurrence were reviewed for each year’s human losses, damage costs, and recovery costs. We propose a calculating equation of the linear regression equation that estimates damage costs and recovery costs considering human losses. The correlation coefficient was 0.898 for the estimation of human losses and damage costs, and 0.889 for the estimation of human losses and recovery costs. In addition, the correlation of both equations was found to be 166% of damage costs when calculating recovery costs. The results of this study can be used as descriptive statistical data to estimate damage costs and recovery costs according to human losses in case of natural disasters.
Hydrological Performance of Green Roofs at Building and City Scales under Mediterranean Conditions
Authors: Andrés-Doménech Ignacio , Perales-Momparler Sara , Morales-Torres Adrián , Escuder-Bueno Ignacio
Published: August 2018

Green roofs are one specific type of sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS); they aim to manage runoff at the source by storing water in its different layers, delaying the hydrological response, and restoring evapotranspiration. Evidence of their performance in the Mediterranean is still scarce. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the hydrological performance of green roofs at building and city scales under Mediterranean conditions. A green roof and a conventional roof were monitored over one year in Benaguasil (Valencia, Spain). Rainfall and flow data were recorded and analysed. Hydrological models were calibrated and validated at the building scale to analyse the hydrological long-term efficiency of the green roof and compare it against that obtained for the conventional roof. Results show that green roofs can provide good hydrological performances, even in dry climates such as the Mediterranean. In addition, their influence at the city scale is also significant, given the average runoff coefficient reduction obtained.
Global Green Shift: When Ceres Meets Gaia. By John Mathews. Anthem Press: New York, USA, 2017; 258 pp; ISBN-10: 1783086408
Authors: Prud’homme Dan
Published: August 2018

In Global Green Shift: When Ceres Meets Gaia, John Mathews makes a fresh and compelling case for increasing the use of renewables and other green initiatives: what he calls a “green shift”.[...]
Sustainability, Popular and Integrated Reporting in the Public Sector: A Fad and Fashion Perspective
Authors: Biondi Lucia , Bracci Enrico
Published: August 2018

This paper provides a comparative analysis of different public accountability means used in the public sector - namely sustainability reporting, popular financial reporting and integrated reporting - in order to highlight their similarities and differences, and reflect on their development, with specific reference to the Italian context. In particular, we speculate about the practical and research implications of their emergence, through the lenses of accountability and managerial fad and fashion literature. The main novelty of the paper is that it is one of the first studies providing a comparative analysis of the three reporting tools debated both in practice and in research. We argue about their diffusion patterns, the commonalities and differences, which suggests different stages of evolution, different actors and forces at play. We provide some preliminary evidence on the risk that accountability innovations may end up just in a fad and fashion uptake, creating inefficiencies and not achieving the aims they are intended for. We also show how the available frameworks and standards have more in common than not, and that there is a risk of creating only new labels, without real innovation or improvement of public accountability.
MCR-Modified CA–Markov Model for the Simulation of Urban Expansion
Authors: Li Xiuquan , Wang Meizhen , Liu Xuejun , Chen Zhuan , Wei Xiaojian , Che Weitao
Published: August 2018

Ecosystem balance is an important factor that affects healthy and sustainable urban development. The traditional cellular automata (CA) model considers only a few ecological factors, however, the MCR model can account for ecological factors. In previous studies, few ecological factors were added to the CA model. Thus, the minimal cumulative resistance (MCR) model is combined with the CA and Markov models for the simulation of urban expansion. To verify the reliability of the method, the Wuhan metropolitan area was selected as a representative urban area, and its expansion in the past and future was simulated. Firstly, seven influential factors were selected from the perspective of location theory. The transformation rules of the comprehensive resistance surface followed by the modified CA–Markov model were constructed on the basis of the MCR model. The expansion of the Wuhan metropolitan area in 2013 was simulated on the basis of the 1996 and 2006 maps of land-use status, and the kappa coefficient was used as an index to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. Then, the expansion of the Wuhan metropolitan area in 2020 was simulated. Finally, the simulation results obtained with and without the MCR model were compared and analysed from the macro- and micro levels. Results show that the prediction accuracy of the two models differed for ecological regions, such as woodlands and water bodies. The similarities between the regions that were overestimated and underestimated by the MCR-modified CA–Markov model and non-MCR model may be attributed to solution of the land-use transfer matrix with the Markov model. The accuracy of the MCR-modified CA–Markov model for predicting forests, water and other ecological regions was higher than that of the Markov model. Therefore, the proposed MCR-modified CA–Markov model has potential applications in environmentally-conscious urban expansion.
Smart Cities: The Main Drivers for Increasing the Intelligence of Cities
Authors: Azevedo Guedes André Luis , Carvalho Alvarenga Jeferson , Dos Santos Sgarbi Goulart Maurício , Rodriguez y Rodriguez Martius Vicente , Pereira Soares Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2018

Since the concept of smart cities was introduced, there has been a growing number of surveys aiming to identify the dimensions that characterize them. However, there is still no consensus on the main factors that should be considered to make a city more intelligent and sustainable. This report contributes to the topic by identifying the most important smart city drivers from the perspective of professionals from four broad areas of expertise: applied social sciences, engineering, exact and Earth sciences, and human sciences, which provide important insights for the understanding of smart and sustainable cities. In this study, we conducted a wide and detailed literature review, in which 20 potential smart city drivers were identified. The drivers were prioritized from the results of a survey conducted with 807 professionals that work in the concerned field. The results showed that the seven drivers identified as the most important to increase the intelligence of cities are related to the governance of cities.
The Effect of Repeated Botulinum Toxin A Therapy Combined with Intensive Rehabilitation on Lower Limb Spasticity in Post-Stroke Patients
Authors: Hara Takatoshi , Abo Masahiro , Hara Hiroyoshi , Sasaki Nobuyuki , Yamada Naoki , Niimi Masachika , Shimamoto Yusuke
Published: August 2018

Objectives: This study is a retrospective investigation of the effects of repetitive botulinum toxin A therapy (BoNT-A) and intensive rehabilitation (IR) on lower limb spasticity in post-stroke patients. Methods: Thirty-five post-stroke patients was included in this study and received BoNT-A for the first time. A 12-day inpatient protocol was with 4 cycles of the treatment protocol. The severity of spasticity, motor function and brace status were evaluated. Results: The modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score of ankle dorsiflexors, range of motion, walking speed and balancing ability were significantly improved after cycle 1. The improvement of spasticity and motor function was persistent through cycles 2–4. One-third of brace users were able to discontinue the use of a brace. All of these brace users showed a forward gait pattern prior to therapy. Conclusions: Repeated BoNT-A combined with IR improved lower limb spasticity in post-stroke patients. Our results suggest that patients who show the forward gait pattern prior to therapy may be able to discontinue the use of their brace after therapy.
Quantitative Infection Dynamics of Cafeteria Roenbergensis Virus
Authors: Taylor Bradford P. , Weitz Joshua S. , Brussaard Corina P. D. , Fischer Matthias G.
Published: August 2018

The discovery of giant viruses in unicellular eukaryotic hosts has raised new questions on the nature of viral life. Although many steps in the infection cycle of giant viruses have been identified, the quantitative life history traits associated with giant virus infection remain unknown or poorly constrained. In this study, we provide the first estimates of quantitative infection traits of a giant virus by tracking the infection dynamics of the bacterivorous protist Cafeteria roenbergensis and its lytic virus CroV. Leveraging mathematical models of infection, we quantitatively estimate the adsorption rate, onset of DNA replication, latency time, and burst size from time-series data. Additionally, by modulating the initial ratio of viruses to hosts, we also provide evidence of a potential MOI-dependence on adsorption and burst size. Our work provides a baseline characterization of giant virus infection dynamics relevant to ongoing efforts to understand the ecological role of giant viruses.
Evolution of Crop Water Productivity in the Nile Delta over Three Decades (1985–2015)
Authors: M. El-Marsafawy Samia , Swelam Atef , Ghanem Ashraf
Published: August 2018

Estimating crop water productivity (CWP) for spatially variable climatic conditions in Egypt is important for the redistribution of crop planting to optimize production per unit of water consumed. The current paper aims to estimate maximum CWP trends under conditions of the Northern Nile Delta over three decades to choose crops that exhibit a higher productivity per unit of water and positive trends in the CWP. The Kafr El Sheikh Governorate was selected to represent the Northern Nile Delta Region, and mean monthly weather data for the period of 1985 to 2015 were collected to calculate standardized reference evapotranspiration and crop water use for a wide array of crops grown in the region using the CROPWAT8.0 model. The CWP was then calculated by dividing crop yield by seasonal water consumption. The CWP data range from 0.69 to 13.79 kg·m−3 for winter field crops, 3.40 to 10.69 kg·m−3 for winter vegetables, 0.29 to 6.04 kg·m−3 for summer field crops, 2.38 to 7.65 kg·m−3 for summer vegetables, 1.00 to 5.38 kg·m−3 for nili season crops (short-season post summer), and 0.66 to 3.35 kg·m−3 for orchards. The crops with the highest CWP values (kg·m−3) over three decades in descending order are: sugar beet (13.79), potato (w2) (10.69), tomato (w) (10.58), eggplant (w) (10.05), potato (w1) (9.98), cucumber (w) (9.81), and cabbage (w) (9.59). There was an increase in CWP of 41% from the first to the second and 22% from the second to the third decade. The CWP increase is attributed to a small decrease in water consumption and to a considerable increase in crop yield. The yield increases are attributed mainly to the planting of higher yielding varieties and/or the application of better agronomic practices.
Exploring User-Generated Images in Online Reviews of Hotels
Authors: Djafarova Elmira , Deluce Brian
Published: August 2018

Consumers within the tourism industry have become increasingly dependent upon electronic word-of-mouth, such as online reviews, when making purchase decisions. Previous research in this area has explored the importance of textual content within online consumer reviews; however, little
research has been carried out with regard to the role and influence of online user-generated visual content. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the content of user-generated images on TripAdvisor. Findings from both qualitative and quantitative research methods show that the difference,
in terms of its helpfulness to consumers, is insignificant when comparing online reviews with accompanying photos and reviews without it. Results also indicate positive correlation between overall image quality and image usefulness.
The enzymes of microbial nicotine metabolism
Authors: Fitzpatrick Paul F
Published: August 2018

Because of nicotine’s toxicity and the high levels found in tobacco and in the waste from tobacco processing, there is a great deal of interest in identifying bacteria capable of degrading it. A number of microbial pathways have been identified for nicotine degradation. The first and best-understood is the pyridine pathway, best characterized for Arthrobacter nicotinovorans, in which the first reaction is hydroxylation of the pyridine ring. The pyrrolidine pathway, which begins with oxidation of a carbon–nitrogen bond in the pyrrolidine ring, was subsequently characterized in a number of pseudomonads. Most recently, a hybrid pathway has been described, which incorporates the early steps in the pyridine pathway and ends with steps in the pyrrolidine pathway. This review summarizes the present status of our understanding of these pathways, focusing on what is known about the individual enzymes involved.
Spatial distribution of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in the soils of Naryan-Mar
Authors: Kriauciunas Vidas V. , Iglovsky Stanislav A. , Kuznetsova Irina A. , Shakhova Evgeniya V. , Bazhenov Alexandr V. , Mironenko Kirill A.
Published: August 2018

The objective of the research is to identify the main patterns of spatial distribution of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides (RN) in Naryan-Mar. Urban soils are formed by means of natural soil transformation with the participation of technogenic sedimentogenesis, which leads to disturbance of natural RN migration processes and contributes to the complex structure of natural and anthropogenic RNs contamination of tundra soils. The specific activity of anthropogenic (134Cs,137Cs) and natural (226Ra,232Th,40K) RNs in Naryan-Mar soil was determined. The local low-intensity anomalies (LLIA) of anthropogenic RNs result from transboundary transfer;134Cs and137Cs are concentrated in soils with a well-shaped vegetable layer.226Ra and232Th LLIAs are confined to regions with stone buildings.40K LLIAs are conditioned by high density of grassland vegetation involving40K in the biological cycle. The statistical manipulation of the acquired data involved correlation and factor analysis techniques. The statistical analysis demonstrated a moderate and salient correlation between the content of232Th and40K in the soils of the areas built up with wooden houses and the soils of the recreation area, respectively. There is a salient correlation between the content of134Cs and40K as well as between134Cs and232Th in the soils of the recreation area. The area occupied by technological buildings demonstrates salient and high negative correlations between the content of226Ra and radionuclides of40K and234Th. The multidirectional nature of the226Ra and232Th accumulation processes can be explained by their different mobility in the environment. A factor analysis of the specific activities of the radionuclides in the soils (based on the varimax method) revealed that the strongest factor (28%) conjointly regulates the134Cs and40K content, which testifies to their affiliation to non-mobile cationogenic elements. The second factor (25%) identified through an analysis of the overall data array may signify that organic matter plays a major role in the137Cs retention.
How to design a transdisciplinary regional ecosystem service assessment: a case study from Romania, Eastern Europe
Authors: Czúcz Bálint , Kalóczkai Ágnes , Arany Ildikó , Kelemen Katalin , Papp Judith , Havadtői Krisztina , Campbell Krisztina , Kelemen Márton , Vári Ágnes
Published: August 2018

There is a broad diversity of concepts and methods used in ecosystem service (ES) mapping and assessment projects with many open questions related to the implementation of the concepts and the use of the methods at various scales. In this paper, we present a regional ES mapping and assessment (MAES) study performed between 2015 and 2017 over an area of ~900 km2 in Central Romania. The Niraj-MAES project supported by EEA funds and the Romanian government aimed at identifying, assessing and mapping all major ES supplied by the Natura 2000 sites nested in the valleys of the Niraj and Târnava Mică rivers amongst the foothills of the Eastern Carpathians. Major ES in this culturally and ecologically rich semi-natural landscape were determined and prioritised in cooperation with local stakeholders. Indicators for the capacities of individual services were modelled with a multi-tiered methodology, relying on the involvement of regional thematic experts. ES with appropriate socio-economic data were also evaluated economically. The whole process was supervised by a stakeholder advisory board endowed with a remarkable decision-making position, giving feedback and recommendations to the scientists at the critical nodes of the process, thus ensuring salience and legitimacy. In addition to simply presenting the dry facts about the approaches (assessment targets, methods) and outcomes, we also identify several key decisions on the design of the whole assessment process related to (1) the role of conceptual frameworks, (2) stakeholder involvement, (3) the selection of ES to assess (priority setting), (4) the development of models and indicators and (5) the interpretation of outcomes, for which we give a detailed description of the decision process. We found that conceptual frameworks can have a pivotal role in structuring and facilitating communication amongst the participants of a MAES project and that a broad and structured involvement of stakeholders and (local) experts creates a sense of ownership and thus can facilitate local policy uptake. We argue that priority setting and the development of indicators should be an iterative process and we also give an example how such a process can be designed, enabling an efficient participation of a broad range of experts and the collaborative development of simple ES models and indicators. Finally, we discuss several general issues related to the interpretation of results of any kind of MAES and the follow-up of regional MAES projects.
Follow-up Compliance and Outcomes of Knee Ligamentous Reconstruction or Repair Patients Enrolled in an Electronic Versus a Traditional Follow-up Protocol
Authors: Shu Henry T. , Bodendorfer Blake M. , Folgueras Christopher A. , Argintar Evan H.
Published: August 2018

Patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly used in research and clinical practice, but their collection can be burdensome. The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether patients who underwent ligamentous reconstruction or repair of the knee enrolled in an automated electronic follow-up system had greater follow-up compliance than patients enrolled in a traditional follow-up protocol. This study also evaluated whether enrollment in an automated electronic follow-up system was associated with improved surgical outcomes. The authors retrospectively reviewed follow-up data from 183 patients who underwent ligamentous knee reconstruction or repair from 2012 to 2017 by a single surgeon. Follow-up compliance was documented as any contact with a patient greater than 6 weeks from surgery, and patient-reported outcome measures between 3 months and 1 year postoperatively were compared between groups. Patients enrolled in automated electronic follow-up had a trend toward greater follow-up compliance (80.00% vs 74.22%,
P
=.4028), with greater benefit for patients who underwent multiligamentous knee reconstruction (85.71% vs 65.52%,
P
=.3048). Patient-reported outcome measures were not significantly different between the traditional follow-up group and the automated follow-up group, despite a significantly greater time from operation to follow-up in the traditional follow-up group (9.3±2.30 vs 7.0±2.88 months,
P
=.038). Patients enrolled in the traditional follow-up protocol had a significantly increased complication rate (8% vs 0%,
P
=.034). The use of an automated electronic follow-up system has the potential to significantly increase follow-up compliance, especially in subgroups of patients having classically poor follow-up, with minimal limitations and lower burden on clinicians and staff. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(5):e718–e723.]
Proximal Humeral Locking Plates: A Cadaveric Study of 5 Versus 7 Metaphyseal Locking Screws
Authors: Lindsay Christopher , Hasty Eddie , Carpenter Daniel , Weinhold Paul , Ostrum Robert F.
Published: August 2018

The most common operative treatment of proximal humerus fractures is internal fixation with fixed-angle locking plates. Although this surgical technique has been refined, a significant failure rate remains. This study aimed to determine whether the number of locking screws in the humeral head affects the biomechanical strength and stability of the construct in bone from elderly individuals. Ten pairs of embalmed cadaveric humeri were osteotomized in a gap model and fixed with periarticular locking plates placed in the standard position. Five or 7 proximal locking screws were inserted. Mechanical testing was performed, and cyclic displacements and maximum force to failure were recorded. No significant difference was found between 5 and 7 locking screws in mean cyclic displacement on the medial (1.09 mm vs 1.12 mm,
P
=.834) or posterior (0.45 mm vs 0.42 mm,
P
=.791) sides of the fracture model. On testing to failure, 7 and 5 screws showed similar stiffness (336 N/mm vs 292 N/mm,
P
=.176), force at ultimate load (745 N vs 662 N,
P
=.309), and displacement at ultimate load (5.90 mm vs 4.36 mm,
P
=.080). All samples failed at diaphyseal fixation, and no screw cutout or varus collapse was observed. Results from this study suggest that there is no significant difference between 5 and 7 metaphyseal locking screws for stiffness of fixation of proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients. With the inherent possibility of screw penetration of the humeral head, fewer screws may lead to fewer complications. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(5):306–311.]
L’extase lucide. Étude de Mémoires d’Hadrien
Authors: Pinon Esther , Brochard Cécile
Published: August 2018

Entre récit et méditation, magie et érudition, entre roman et Mémoires, poésie et histoire, Marguerite Yourcenar invente, avec Mémoires d’Hadrien (1951) une forme unique et universelle, à l’image de son protagoniste, homme d’exception et pourtant sans cesse « relié à tout ». La présente étude se propose de suivre les liens ainsi tissés par l'auteur entre son personnage et les hommes, tous les hommes, dont il est, sinon le modèle, du moins le miroir, mais aussi d’explorer le labyrinthe d’une œuvre dont la complexité générique reflète les subtils miroitements de l’existence humaine. En remontant aux sources d’une culture éblouissante, Marguerite Yourcenar rompt en effet avec la malédiction de Narcisse : à travers Hadrien, elle invite le lecteur à une contemplation qui volontiers s’élève jusqu’à l’extase, mais sans jamais se départir d’une exigeante lucidité. Du soleil de Rome aux nuits lumineuses de l'Orient, elle recompose ainsi un monde qui, sous les apparences du plus pur classicisme, s’avère tout ensemble éminemment moderne et humaniste.
Le procès de Jeanne Jacquemin contre Jean Lorrain en mai 1903
Authors: Walbecq Éric
Published: August 2018

En janvier 1903, Lorrain publie dans Le Journal une chronique sous le titre « Victime », en fait il s’agit d’un portrait assassin à peine voilé de Jeanne Jacquemin, peintre qu’il avait encensée et découverte quelques années plus tôt. Cette dernière intentera un procès à l’écrivain, qui eut lieu en mai 1903 et Lorrain fut condamné à une lourde amende. A travers de nombreux documents, nous verrons comment ce procès occupera la vie de Lorrain toute une année et le poussera à écrire La Maison Philibert, pour financer la procédure.
Corneille entre classiques et romantiques : contradictions et conciliations dans la critique de la fin du XIXe siècle
Authors: Berrégard Sandrine
Published: August 2018

On analyse, à partir de textes critiques parus dès la fin du XIXe siècle, le paradoxe qui a longtemps présidé à l’étude du théâtre cornélien : décrit comme l’un des principaux représentants du classicisme français, Corneille a également pu être considéré comme un lointain ancêtre des romantiques. Nous nous efforçons de dégager de ces diverses lectures les tensions, voire les contradictions qui les traversent, en les confrontant aux textes eux-mêmes. La première partie consiste à faire état des principaux lieux communs attachés à la « romantisation » de Corneille (espagnolisme de certaines de ses pièces, intérêt pour les sujets historiques et politiques, relative indépendance vis-à-vis du modèle classique, esthétique du mélange) et constate que ce processus ne peut se faire sans une sélection des textes précise. Une attention toute particulière est portée au Cid, pièce qui, par la diversité de ses aspects, semble pouvoir réconcilier les tenants du Corneille « romantique » et les défenseurs du Corneille « classique ». La deuxième partie examine la stratégie mise en œuvre par les critiques pour tenter de concilier les contraires. Ces derniers négligent la chronologie pour ne retenir que les aspects proprement esthétiques : c’est ainsi que la tragi-comédie leur apparaît comme une préfiguration du drame romantique. Ils se plaisent à imaginer ce que Corneille aurait pu réaliser s’il n’avait pas été tenu de se conformer aux règles édictées par les théoriciens. Enfin, ils définissent le classicisme et le romantisme comme des catégories transhistoriques, capables de s’incarner à diverses époques. La troisième partie s’interroge sur le rôle joué par Hugo dans la construction de cette image. Il semble que les critiques aient puisé l’essentiel de leur argumentation dans la préface de Cromwell ; sans doute est-ce aussi sous l’influence de Hugo qu’ils font de l’auteur du Cid une sorte de « Shakespeare français ». Cependant, soucieux de maintenir le prestige de Corneille, que seule garantit l’appartenance au classicisme, ils hésitent à faire de l’auteur d’Hernani un héritier du grand dramaturge. Au total, ils offrent du théâtre cornélien une vision déformée, dictée par les seules exigences d’une démonstration qui repose sur un ensemble de présupposés.
Les projets professionnels des étudiants : quelles différences selon le genre et le milieu social ?
Authors: Dezalay Thierry
Published: August 2018

Comment, dans un contexte de profondes mutations sociales (émancipation des femmes, allongement de la jeunesse, individuation, scolarisation de masse, mutations du travail et de l’emploi, etc.) les étudiants construisent-ils un projet professionnel ? On tente d’éclairer cette question à partir de l’exploitation de plusieurs enquêtes quantitatives et qualitatives, en s’intéressant particulièrement aux différences selon le genre et le milieu social.
Revoir l’histoire de l’éducation sous l’angle du genre : nouvelles perspectives
Authors: Rogers Rebecca
Published: August 2018

L’introduction de la catégorie du genre dans les études portant sur l’histoire de l’éducation a induit des infléchissements sensibles dans une historiographie restée longtemps très « républicaine ». Cet article distingue trois axes de recherche pour en montrer les effets. Tout d’abord, il considère de quelle manière la prise en compte des réalités de l’enseignement congréganiste modifie le récit républicain. Puis il considère les travaux portant sur les femmes enseignantes et montre l’investissement des femmes dans l’offre scolaire féminine, des femmes qui ne sont pas des pions du clergé mais de véritables actrices de l’histoire. Enfin, il termine en évoquant le dialogue transnational en histoire des femmes et du genre ainsi que le dialogue interdisciplinaire, qui introduisent de nouveaux champs de recherche sur la coéducation, l’éducation missionnaire et coloniale et sur les aspects genrés des disciplines scolaires.
L’éducation physique des jeunes filles de 1880 à nos jours. Euphémisation et éducation à la différence
Authors: Carpentier Florence
Published: August 2018

L’éducation physique se construit autour de plusieurs représentations : des représentations politiques de l’éducation, des représentations sociales du corps et des représentations sociales de l’homme et de la femme. C’est sur ce dernier point que l’article tente d’apporter un éclairage, à travers l’étude des discours officiels de la discipline depuis 1880, date de son entrée permanente dans le système scolaire.Malgré l’évolution des finalités attribuées à l’éducation physique, nous pouvons constater que les décideurs politiques de cette discipline proposent inlassablement aux jeunes filles une version euphémisée de l’éducation physique donnée aux garçons, produisant ainsi ce que nous pouvons appeler une « éducation à la différence ».
Sexuation des discours
Authors: Hubert Marie-Claude
Published: August 2018

L’article analyse des textes produits par des élèves de CM1 et de CM2 et met à jour les stéréotypes concernant les femmes et les hommes, les filles et les garçons, le féminin et le masculin. Ces stéréotypes sont alors mis en relation avec ceux que l’on retrouve dans la littérature de jeunesse ou dans des films récents.
L’institution pour jeunes demoiselles de Strasbourg
Authors: Chalmel Loïc
Published: August 2018

Qui se souvient aujourd’hui encore des éducateurs philanthropinistes et de leurs principes pédagogiques ? Pourtant, la création et le rayonnement de leurs établissements d’éducation au Siècle des lumières, contribua à la mise en place d’une « école nouvelle » au sein du paysage éducatif européen. L’Institution pour jeunes demoiselles de Strasbourg représente incontestablement la contribution la plus originale des disciples de Basedow (1723-1790) à la question de l’éducation des filles. Cette institution trouve naturellement sa place dans le réseau unissant les différents établissements créés par les « amis de l’humanité » en Europe, avec en arrière-plan le rôle des sociétés philanthropiques qui assurent la promotion officielle de leurs travaux pédagogiques, et les Loges maçonniques qui en assurent la promotion souterraine. Jean-Frédéric Simon (1747-1829) et Jean Schweighäuser (1753-1801), élèves d’Oberlin (1740-1826) et anciens collaborateurs de Basedow à Dessau, en seront les chevilles ouvrières.
Former des ouvrières : l’expérience de la section féminine de la Chambre des ouvriers et des employés de Vienne (1928-1934)
Authors: Pasteur Paul
Published: August 2018

Sociales-démocrates et syndicalistes s’appuient sur la mise en place d’une section féminine à la Chambre des ouvriers et des employés de Vienne pour développer la formation des femmes salariées : formation professionnelle, formation militante, formation intellectuelle. La cheville ouvrière de cette entreprise est une intellectuelle sociale-démocrate Käthe Leichter qui sait nouer des liens privilégiés entre elles et les enseignées.
Les élites polonaises et l’éducation au féminin
Authors: Zatorska Izabella
Published: August 2018

Deux éthiques, deux pédagogies à l’œuvre : l’une en France et l’autre en Pologne au XVIIIe siècle. Elles se déploient au seuil d’un événement exceptionnel, tel le mariage d’une fille chérie. L’une met en avant un équilibre psycho-moral fondé sur l’autarcie conditionnée du moi, issue de l’idéal stoïcien (Mme de Lambert), l’autre (la princesse Sanguszko) se réfère à Dieu comme principe et fin de toute action humaine. Les deux états de conseils donnés par Stanislas Leszczynski à sa fille devenant la reine de France – l’original et le résultat du remaniement par son secrétaire – corroborent l’hypothèse d’un clivage socio-moral qui résulte de l’appréhension différente, suivant le régime, de la relation entre le religieux et le politique.
Le philosophe et l'original
Authors: Pujol Stéphane
Published: August 2018

Échappant à tous les genres et à tous les canons, mimant le mouvement et l'exagérant, embrassant des formes normalement différenciées d'expression artistique à la limite du vraisemblable, sinon du lisible, Le Neveu de Rameau est une œuvre ouverte, irrésistible d'enjouement et de gaieté parce que l'humour n'est pas la composante la moins essentielle de ce dialogue qui séduit d'emblée par sa liberté de ton et de composition. On a pu lire l'œuvre selon une opposition dialectique où s'affronteraient d'un côté l'affirmation de la philosophie, de l'autre sa négation. Il faudrait encore prendre en compte la valeur critique du cynisme assumé par un Rameau provocateur, certes, mais plein de sagacité. La force de sa peinture acide de la société vient de ce qu'elle est cruellement vraie. Le cynisme permet une démystification des valeurs, des postures et des faux semblants, mais il indispose le lecteur moral que nous sommes en brouillant les catégories du bien et du mal, du beau et du laid. Tout se passe comme si l'ancrage de la réflexion philosophique dans une réalité souvent triviale lui donnait une substance sans équivalent dans l'ordre de la pensée. Cet effet de proximité et de familiarité tient d'abord aux qualités proprement littéraires du Neveu de Rameau. On y retrouve une manière, si propre à Diderot, d'appréhender autrement le discours philosophique, une autre façon également de l'élaborer. De ce point de vue, le face-à-face d'un philosophe et d'un clochard sublime a valeur de leçon.
De la servitude volontaire
Authors: Balsamo Jean , Knop Déborah
Published: August 2018

La Servitude volontaire d'Étienne de La Boétie (1530-1563) est une des œuvres les plus fascinantes et les plus actuelles de la Renaissance, une des plus mystérieuses aussi, connue seulement par une tradition textuelle posthume. Prenant en considération l'important discours critique sou­vent contradictoire qu'elle a suscité depuis 150 ans, le présent ouvrage en propose une lecture renouvelée. Une minutieuse analyse rhétorique met en lumière sa portée de chef d'œuvre oratoire et les effets dont il est por­teur. Une analyse historique et littéraire révèle ses enjeux idéologiques : la célébration d'une instance sénatoriale, seule capable de résister à la tyrannie monarchique et d'illustrer la langue française par la constitution d'une grande éloquence civique à l'antique.
Mémoires d'une inconnue
Authors: Martin Christophe
Published: August 2018

Dès les premières lignes du roman, Marivaux se plaît à avertir le lecteur de La Vie de Marianne que le voile qui dissimule l’identité de sa mémorialiste ne sera jamais levé. La présente étude souhaite montrer que c’est en créant un dispositif fictionnel rendant le mystère de la naissance de Marianne à jamais impénétrable que Marivaux s’est donné la possibilité d’offrir conjointement un roman et son double : d’une part la belle et romanesque histoire d’une illustre infortunée, et d’autre part le roman d’une jeune fille s’efforçant d’échapper à la misère. Ce perpétuel dédoublement du roman s’accompagne d’un usage saisissant du « double registre » consubstantiel au genre du roman-mémoires : accusé à l’extrême par un exceptionnel effet de presence de la mémorialiste, ce « double registre » est comme annulé dans son principe même puisque le récit que nous lisons n’est, au fond, pas d’une autre nature que celui que Marianne est amenée à produire à maintes reprises au cours de l’intrigue...