bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two examples of recent advances in sensitivity calculations
Authors: Vandermeersch Elias , Maillot Maxence , Tamagno Pierre , Tommasi Jean , De Saint Jean Cyrille
Published: August 2021

This article reviews two recently established methods to compute sensitivities of some core parameters to basic nuclear data. First, perturbation theory offers an efficient way to compute sensitivities to nuclear parameters in continuous energy transport simulations: making use of the Iterated Fission Probability method, and by coupling the Monte Carlo code TRIPOLI-4® to the nuclear evaluation code CONRAD, we were able to compute the sensitivity of core reactivity to nuclear parameters for simple ICSBEP benchmarks. Second, using a multipoint description of a nuclear system and deterministic transport calculations the sensitivity of the state eigenvector of the system to multigroup nuclear data is computed using simple and fast partial importance calculations.
Telemedizin in der rehabilitativen Nachsorge von Frauen mit
Brustkrebs – Eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Tokgöz Pinar , Dockweiler Christoph
Published: August 2021

Hintergrund Brustkrebs ist die bedeutendste Krebserkrankung bei Frauen. Die
tumor- und therapiebedingten Folgen führen zu einer langfristigen
Beeinträchtigung der Funktionsfähigkeit. Der nachhaltige
Transfer rehabilitativer Erfolge in den Alltag stellt eine Herausforderung
für alle Akteure des Systems dar. Der Einsatz von Telemedizin erscheint
vor diesem Hintergrund als eine Möglichkeit, das in der Rehabilitation
Erreichte im Alltag langfristig zu stabilisieren. Das Ziel der vorliegenden
Übersicht ist es die Evidenz von telemedizinischen Nachsorgeangeboten
bei Frauen mit Brustkrebs darzulegen und die Wirksamkeit auf verschiedenen
Ebenen der Funktionsfähigkeit herauszuarbeiten.

Methodik Es erfolgte eine systematische Suche nach deutsch- oder
englischsprachigen randomisiert kontrollierten Studien zur Wirksamkeit von
telemedizinischen rehabilitativen Nachsorgeangeboten für Frauen mit
Brustkrebs in den Fachdatenbanken PubMed und The Cochrane Library im Zeitraum
April bis Mai 2020 und einer Aktualisierung der Suche im August 2020.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 11 relevante Publikationen zu 10
Interventionsstudien identifiziert. Es wurde keine Studie aus Deutschland
gefunden. Es fanden sich Studien für die Bereiche psychosoziale
Interventionen und Interventionen zur Lebensstilveränderung.
Hinsichtlich der untersuchten Zielvariablen sind vor dem Hintergrund der
heterogenen Studienlage in einzelnen Parametern (therapieinduzierte
Wechseljahresbeschwerden, Fatigue, Schlaffunktionen, Adhärenz) Hinweise
auf positive Effekte zugunsten der Intervention festzustellen. Für einen
Teil der Parameter (mentale Funktionen bzw. emotionale und kognitive Funktionen,
gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität) kann jedoch keine ausreichende und
belastbare Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit konstatiert werden.

Schussfolgerungen Die Ergebnisse betonen den Bedarf der stärkeren
Evidenzbasierung von telemedizinischen Angeboten zur rehabilitativen Nachsorge
der Frauen mit Brustkrebs. Zur Absicherung der Befundlage sind randomisiert
kontrollierte Studien im deutschen Versorgungskontext erforderlich.
Impact of restrictions due to COVID-19 on a quality-assured screening colonoscopy program
Authors: Hinterberger Anna , Jiricka Lena , Waldmann Elisabeth A. , Penz Daniela , Majcher Barbara , Asaturi Arno , Szymanska Aleksandra , Rockenbauer Lisa , Ferlitsch Arnulf , Trauner Michael H. , Ferlitsch Monika
Published: August 2021

Background and study aims On February 25, 2020, the first patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 in Austria. On March 16, 2020, the Austrian government imposed restrictions and subsequently the Austrian Medical Association recommended minimizing screening examinations in compliance with government restrictions. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impact of this recommendation on the number of colonoscopies performed weekly and detection of non-advanced adenomas, advanced adenomas (AA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) and to calculate how many undetected adenomas could have developed into CRC.

Methods We analyzed the number of colonoscopies and pathological findings within a quality assured national colorectal cancer screening program before the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1,t 2019 to September 1, 2019, Period 1) and compared those rates to months during which access to colonoscopy was limited (March 1, 2020 and September 1, 2020, Period 2) with a Wilcoxon-rank-test and a chi-square test.

Results A total of 29,199 screening colonoscopies were performed during Period 1 and 24,010 during Period 2. The mean rate of colonoscopies per week during Period 1 was significantly higher than during Period 2 (808,35 [SD = 163,75] versus 594,50 [SD = 282,24], P = 0.005). A total of 4,498 non-advanced adenomas were detected during Period 1 versus 3,562 during Period 2 (P < 0.001). In total 1,317 AAs and 140 CRCs were detected during Period 1 versus 919 AAs and 106 CRCs during Period 2. These rates did not differ significantly (P = 0.2 and P = 0.9).

Conclusions During the COVID-19 crisis, the number of colonoscopies performed per week was significantly lower compared to the year before, but there was no difference in the detection of CRCs and AAs.
Unified magnifying endoscopic classification for esophageal, gastric and colonic lesions: a feasibility pilot study
Authors: Inoue Haruhiro , Fujiyoshi Mary Raina Angeli , Toshimori Akiko , Fujiyoshi Yusuke , Shimamura Yuto , Tanabe Mayo , Nishikawa Yohei , Mochizuki Yuichiro , Sakaguchi Takuki , Kimura Ryusuke , Izawa Shinya , Ikeda Haruo , Onimaru Manabu , Uragami Naoyuki
Published: August 2021

Background and study aims Image-enhanced magnifying endoscopy allows optimization of the detection and diagnosis of lesions found in the gastrointestinal tract. Current organ-specific classifications are well-accepted by specialized endoscopists but may pose confusion for general gastroenterologists. To address this, our group proposed the Unified Magnifying Endoscopic Classification (UMEC) which can be applied either in esophagus, stomach, or colon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical applicability of UMEC.

Patients and methods A single-center, feasibility pilot study was conducted. Two endoscopists with experience in magnifying narrow band imaging (NBI), blinded to white-light and non-magnifying NBI findings as well as histopathological diagnosis, independently reviewed and diagnosed all images based on UMEC. In brief, UMEC is divided into three categories: non-neoplasia, intramucosal neoplasia, and deep submucosal invasive cancer. The diagnostic performance of UMEC was assessed while using the gold standard histopathology as a reference.

Results A total of 303 gastrointestinal lesions (88 esophageal squamous lesions, 90 gastric lesions, 125 colonic lesions) were assessed. The overall accuracy for both endoscopists in the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer were 84.7 %, 89.5 %, and 83.2 %, respectively. The interobserver agreement for each organ, Kappa statistics of 0.51, 0.73, and 0.63, was good.

Conclusions UMEC appears to be a simple and practically acceptable classification, particularly to general gastroenterologists, due to its good diagnostic accuracy, and deserves further evaluation in future studies.
Bowel preparation with 1L polyethylene glycol and ascorbate NER1006 doubles the chance to detect three or more adenomas in overweight or obese males
Authors: Epstein Michael , Halonen Juha , Sharma Prateek
Published: August 2021

Background and study aims Men have more colon cleansing failures, colorectal adenomas, and colorectal cancers than women. We analyzed whether 1-liter (1 L) polyethylene glycol (PEG) NER1006 improves high-quality (HQ) colon cleansing and adenoma detection in males versus two mid-volume alternatives.

Patients and methods The analysis of 1028 adult patients in two randomized clinical trials was performed. Adenoma detection and HQ cleansing were compared for overnight split dosing regimens with NER1006 (n = 513) versus combined oral sulfate solution or 2 L PEG + ascorbate (OSS/2 L PEG) (n = 515). Analyses included males versus females, overweight or obese (OO) males versus lean males, and NER1006 versus OSS/2 L PEG. In male patients, the adenoma detection rate of at least 3 (ADR3 +) was predicted with multiple logistic regression and statistical comparisons used the two-sided t-test.

Results ADR3 + was greater in males versus females (10.7 % [56/524] versus 5.8 % [29/504]; P = 0.004) despite comparable adequate cleansing success rates (93.2 % [479/514] versus 93.0 % [466/501]; P = 0.912) and more HQ-scores in females (41.6 % [1069/2570] versus 45.3 % [1134/2505]; P = 0.008). ADR was almost twice as high in OO versus lean males (43.4 % [184/424] versus 23.1 % [21/91]; P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression predicted ADR3 + detection to be twice as likely in OO males using NER1006 versus OSS/2 L PEG (odds ratio (95 % confidence interval [CI]) = 2.049 (1.082–3.973); P = 0.030) and 90 % more likely in all males (1.902 (1.045–3.526); P = 0.037). In males, including OO males, NER1006 attained more HQ-scores per trial than OSS or 2 L PEG (P ≤ 0.017 for all comparisons).

Conclusions NER1006 predicted the detection of more males for frequent surveillance than OSS/2 L PEG.
Atrial Fibrillation Detected by Single Time-Point Handheld Electrocardiogram Screening and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sun Wen , Freedman Ben , Martinez Carlos , Wallenhorst Christopher , Yan Bryan P.
Published: August 2021

Objective We evaluated stroke risk in patients with single time-point screen-detected atrial fibrillation (AF) and the effect of oral anticoagulants (OACs).

Methods Consecutive patients aged ≥65 years attending medical outpatient clinics were prospectively enrolled for AF screening using handheld single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG; AliveCor) from December 2014 to December 2017 (NCT02409654). Repeated screening was performed in patients with >1 visit during this period. Three cohorts were formed: screen-detected AF, clinically diagnosed AF, and no AF. Ischemic stroke risk was estimated using adjusted subdistribution hazard ratios (aSHRs) from multivariate regression and no AF as reference, and stratified according to OAC use.

Results Of 11,972 subjects enrolled, 2,238 (18.7%) had clinically diagnosed AF at study enrollment. The yield of screen-detected AF on initial screening was 2.3% (n = 223/9,734). AF was clinically diagnosed during follow-up in 2.3% (n = 216/9,440) and during subsequent screening in 71 initially screen-negative patients. Compared with no AF, patients with screen-detected AF without OAC treatment had the highest stroke risk (aSHR: 2.63; 95% confidence interval: 1.46–4.72), while aSHR for clinically diagnosed AF without OAC use was 2.01 (1.54–2.62). Among screen-detected AF, the risk of stroke was significantly less with OAC (no strokes in 196 person-years) compared with those not given OAC (12 strokes in 429 person-years), p = 0.01.

Conclusion The prognosis of single time-point ECG screen-detected AF is not benign. The risk of stroke is high enough to warrant OAC use, and reduced by OAC.
Comparison between Vinorelbine–Carboplatin and Vinorelbine–Cisplatin in Stage III–IV EGFR Mutations-Negative NSCLC
Authors: Wulandari Laksmi , Soegiarto Gatot , Febriani Anna , Fatmawati Farah , Amran Wirya Sastra
Published: August 2021

Introduction There are a substantial number of lung cancer patients with negative mutations in Indonesia. This type of cancer is deemed to be the major contributor of lung cancer patient’s death. However, reseaerch related to therapy using vinorelbine combined with platinum-based compounds is still scarce in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability between vinorelbine and carboplatin with vinorelbin and cisplatin in stage III-IV epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods The participants were divided into two groups—group I(vinorelbine–carboplatin) and group II (vinorelbine–cisplatin). The participants were assessed based on several measurement criteria. Not only Eq-5D was performed, but the body weight and response evaluation criteria for solid tumors (RECIST) were also examined. The participants received chemotherapy for four cycles (1 cycle = 21 days).

Results The quality of life was considered stable in 60% of group I and 60% of group II (p = 0.255). In both groups, 46.67% of participants had an increased body weight, while the other 20.00% was stable (p = 1.000). In terms of RECIST evaluation after the second cycle, 80.00% of group I and 86.67% of group II were considered to have a stable disease, with 20% of group I and none of group II had partial response (p = 0.027). However, after the fourth cycle, there were no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.734).

Conclusion In EGFR mutation-negative NSCLC patients, the combination of vinorelbine and carboplatin showed comparable outcomes to vinorelbine and cisplatin chemotherapy with no significant differences.
Parent Preferences for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Physician Attire: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Cham Parul , Laventhal Naomi , Burrows Heather , Chopra Vineet , Weiner Gary M.
Published: August 2021

Objective Physician attire may influence the parent-provider relationship. Previous studies in adult and outpatient pediatrics showed that formal attire with a white coat was preferred. We aimed to describe parent preferences for physician attire in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Study Design We surveyed 101 parents in a level IV NICU. The survey included photographs of a physician in seven different attires. Attire was scored in five domains and parents selected the most preferred attire in different contexts. All attires were compared with formal attire with white coat. Descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact tests, and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare parent responses.

Results Scrubs without white coat (40.8 [7.0]) and formal attire without white coat (39.7 [8.0]) had the highest mean (standard deviation) composite preference scores. However, no significant differences between formal attire with white coat (37.1 [9.0]) versus any other attire were observed. When asked to choose a single most preferred attire, scrubs with a coat (32%) and formal with a coat (32%) were chosen most often, but preferences varied by clinical context and parent age. For example, parents preferred surgical scrubs for physicians performing procedures. Parents indicated that physician attire is important to them but does not influence their satisfaction with care.

Conclusion Although parents generally favored formal attire and scrubs, the variations based on the context of care and lack of significant preference of one attire suggests that a single dress code policy for physicians in a NICU is unlikely to improve the patient-provider relationship.

Key Points
Is Robotic TKA Having Added Advantage over Conventional TKA? A Comparative Study of Functional and Radiological Outcome of Robotic versus Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Panchal Himanshu , Patel Ashwini S.
Published: August 2021

Objective Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is most commonly performed procedure in patients who are not showing improvement in pain, activities of daily living, and quality of life by conservative modalities. Precise component implantation and soft tissue management is required to achieve desired outcome following TKA. 1.3% patients remain disappointed due to persistent pain, 24% due to instability, and 2.5% due to malalignment following TKA. Robotic TKA is associated with the use of customized implants and bone cuts leading to precise component implantation and reduced deviation from mechanical axis in coronal, transverse, and sagittal plane and proper soft tissue management. This study compares conventional against robotic TKA in terms of clinical, functional, and radiological outcome.

Materials and Methods This is a prospective randomized control trial carried over period of 3 years where patients were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly divided into both groups and compared using their pre- and postoperative radiological and functional outcomes as well as intraoperative and postoperative complications and statistical significance of difference was calculated.

Results There was no significant difference in terms of ROM, KOOS (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score), (Knee Society Score) KSS, Eq. 5D, (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) WOMAC, and (visual analog scale) VAS scores while we found significant difference in mechanical axis deviation, femoral and tibial implant alignment in both planes.

Discussion Advantages of using robotic TKA are customized preoperative planning, implants, cuts, accuracy of the intraoperative procedure, and radiological superiority with no significant differences in clinical and functional outcomes. In fact, robotic TKA is associated with steep learning curve, increased cost, and operative time. Still there are no added complications caused by it.
Direct generation of polarization-entangled photons from warm atomic ensemble
Authors: Park Jiho , Bae Jinhyuk , Kim Heonoh , Moon Han Seb
Published: August 2021

We experimentally realized a bright and robust polarization-entangled photon-pair source from Doppler-broadened atomic ensembles by exploiting the strong signal-idler polarization correlation. The photon pair is emitted from the cascade-type 5S1/2–5P3/2–5D5/2 transition of 87Rb. Without using an interferometric configuration, we robustly produce all four Bell states by applying the intrinsic polarization correlation achieved in a cascade-type atomic system. The coincidence count rate of the polarization-entangled photon pairs is measured as 10.0(1) kHz under a weak pump power of 20 μW. Our scheme enables the generation of a high rate of polarization-entangled photon pairs with a high fidelity of 0.933(2). We believe that our approach to realize bright and stable polarization-entangled photon-pair sources can contribute to the construction of practical scalable quantum networks based on atom–photon interactions.
Polymerization/depolymerization of actin cooperates with the morphology and stability of cell-sized droplets generated in a polymer solution under a depletion effect
Authors: Waizumi Tatsuyuki , Sakuta Hiroki , Hayashi Masahito , Tsumoto Kanta , Takiguchi Kingo , Yoshikawa Kenichi
Published: August 2021

Intercellular fluids in living organisms contain high concentrations of macromolecules such as nucleic acid and protein. Over the past few decades, several studies have examined membraneless organelles in terms of liquid–liquid phase separation. These studies have investigated aggregation/attraction among a rich variety of biomolecules. Here, we studied the association between the polymerization/depolymerization of actin, interconversion between monomeric (G-actin) and filamentous states (F-actin), and water/water phase separation in a binary polymer solution using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextran (DEX). We found that actin, which is a representative cytoskeleton, changes its distribution in a PEG/DEX binary solution depending on its polymerization state: monomeric G-actin is distributed homogeneously throughout the solution, whereas polymerized F-actin is localized only within the DEX-rich phase. We extended our study by using fragmin, which is a representative actin-severing and -depolymerizing factor. It took hours to restore a homogeneous actin distribution from localization within the DEX-rich phase, even with the addition of fragmin in an amount that causes complete depolymerization. In contrast, when actin that had been depolymerized by fragmin in advance was added to a solution with microphase-separation, F-actin was found in DEX-rich phase droplets. The micro-droplets tended to deform into a non-spherical morphology under conditions where they contained F-actin. These findings suggest that microphase-separation is associated with the dynamics of polymerization and localization of the actin cytoskeleton. We discuss our observations by taking into consideration the polymer depletion effect.
Determination of type-ΙΙ band alignment β-Ga2O3/GaAs heterojunction interface by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Ji Xueqiang , Yue Jianying , Qi Xiaohui , Meng Dongdong , Chen Zhengwei , Li Peigang
Published: August 2021

A high-quality β-Ga2O3 film was grown on a (111) GaAs substrate using the metal organic chemical vapor deposition method. The band alignment of the β-Ga2O3/GaAs heterojunction interface was determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The energy-band structure of β-Ga2O3/GaAs was constructed based on the binding energies of Ga 3d and As 3d core levels as well as valence band maximum values. The valence band offset was determined to be 3.50 ± 0.05 eV. As a consequence, a type-ΙΙ heterojunction with a conduction band offset of 0.12 ± 0.05 eV was determined in the present study. The accurate determination of the band alignment of the β-Ga2O3/GaAs heterojunction provided useful information for the application in β-Ga2O3/GaAs-based devices.
An intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy study of the role of titanium in thick hematite photoanodes
Authors: Rodriguez-Gutierrez Ingrid , Souza Junior Joao B. , Leite Edson R. , Vayssieres Lionel , Souza Flavio L.
Published: August 2021

In this Letter, the role of Ti addition in thick hematite mesoporous photoanodes was elucidated by performing intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) monitoring its charge carrier dynamics during water oxidation. Interface engineering associated with doping of hematite is crucial to develop highly efficient thick photoanodes. Photoelectrochemical data recorded under front- and back-side illumination show that Ti insertion mitigates the collection deficit faced by hematite due to an energy barrier decrease between the grains and a change in the surface chemistry. IMPS reveals that Ti clearly influences the hematite film performance by increasing the charge separation efficiency due to its segregation at the hematite interface. However, Ti insertion does not enhance the kinetics of water oxidation at the solid–liquid interface. These facts indicate that Ti mainly affects the hematite electronic properties instead of accelerating the surface processes. This comprehensive understanding of the electronic transport and charge carrier dynamics in Ti:hematite photoanodes enables the control and design of better interfaces for more efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting.
Numerical studies on downstream uniformity of atmospheric pressure plasma jet array modulated by flow and electric multi-field coupling control
Authors: Zheng Shulei , Nie Qiuyue , Huang Tao , Hou Chunfeng
Published: August 2021

Atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) have potential applications in many aspects ranging from traditional surface treatment to growing biomedicine. An array structure of such APPJs is the most efficient way to enlarge the treatment area. Nevertheless, the majority of APPJ arrays have shown mottled patterns downstream, a disadvantage for applications. Particularly, in biomedicine and certain other areas, improving the plasma homogeneity downstream of APPJ arrays is crucially needed. In this work, we numerically study synergistic effects of APPJ arrays on plasma propagation and homogeneity downstream based on a model coupling electric, flow, and temperature fields. Taking a two-dimensional three-tube APPJ array as an example, we study the influence of gas velocity and component, as well as applied voltages on plasma distributions. In addition, essential strategies for merging plasma bullets are acquired. Results show that the ionization rate between adjacent jets is important to provide electrons for jet merging. The helium mole fraction controls the plasma distribution and thus directly decides whether adjacent jets merge. After merging, the plasma bullets affect each other through the electric field to control the homogeneity downstream. Therefore, the plasma distribution is a result of the synergy of flow and electric fields. Then, a homogeneous plasma distribution downstream can be realized by the fine control of both fields, which provides an effective way to uniform the plasma downstream in plasma processing.
Molecular systematics of
Authors: Núñez-Flores Mónica , Gomez-Uchida Daniel , López-González Pablo J.
Published: August 2021

Thouarella Gray, 1870, is one of the most speciose genera among gorgonians of the family Primnoidae (Cnidaria : Octocorallia : Anthozoa), being remarkably diverse in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seafloor. However, their diversity in the Southern Ocean is likely underestimated. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers were integrated with species delimitation approaches as well as morphological colonial and polyps features and skeletal SEM examinations to describe and illustrate three new species within Thouarella, from the Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean: T. amundseni sp. nov., T. dolichoespinosa sp. nov. and T. pseudoislai sp. nov. Our species delimitation results suggest, for the first time, the potential presence of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic cryptic species of primnoids, based on the likely presence of sibling species within T. undulata and T. crenelata. With the three new species here described, the global diversity of Thouarella has increased to 41 species, 15 of which are endemic to the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters. Consequently, our results provide new steps for uncovering the shelf benthonic macrofauna’s hidden diversity in the Southern Ocean. Finally, we recommend using an integrative taxonomic framework in this group of organisms and species delimitation approaches because the distinctions between some Thouarella species based only on a superficial examination of their macro- and micromorphological features is, in many cases, limited.
Reevaluation of the systematic position of some southern Brazilian
Authors: Carvalho Rafael N. , Kury Adriano B. , Hara Marcos R.
Published: August 2021

During a study of Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878 and related genera, several species of alleged Pachylinae, mostly Discocyrtus, from southern Brazil were suspected of belonging in Roeweriinae. Herein, a maximum parsimony phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters was performed to test this hypothesis. Accordingly, the following taxonomic changes are herein proposed: the genus Bunopachylus Roewer, 1943 (currently in Pachylinae) is herein revalidated from synonymy with Discocyrtus, transferred to the Roeweriinae and now includes three species: B. armatissimus comb. nov. (for Discocyrtus armatissimus Roewer, 1913), B. orientalis comb. nov. (for Pachyloides orientalis Roewer, 1913) and B. occultus sp. nov. (which had been misidentified in the literature). A total of five new synonymies are proposed here: Discocyrtus milloti Roewer, 1943 = Discocyrtus coronatus Mello-Leitão, 1935 = Paradiscocyrtus trochanteralis Roewer, 1929 = Discocyrtus calcarifer Roewer, 1917 = Pachyloides orientalis Roewer, 1913, and Bunopachylus magnicalcar Roewer, 1943 (the type-species of Bunopachylus) = Discocyrtus armatissimus Roewer, 1913.
“How was your day?”
Authors: Kim Younhee , Carlin Andrew P.
Published: August 2021

Based on longitudinal conversation data between a father and child collected over the period of eighteen months,
this study examines “today narrative” where the father asks the child “how was your day” when they meet after being apart during
the day. The routine provides a recurrent sequential structure, which is both located within and itself occasions further talk.
Examining the talk between this father and child longitudinally reveals how the initial sequential structure, where the child
lists activities in short run-on sentences, goes through transformation and elaboration. Indices for development include the
emergence of three-part structure in the child’s list construction, more details incorporated in the list, story prefaces, and the
emergence of assessment response (or personal voice). The overall sequential organization of the routine moves from heavy reliance
on the father’s questions to more volunteered talk by the child. This paper considers the generalizability of longitudinal
conversation analytic data.
Persistent RNA virus infection is short-lived at the single-cell level but leaves transcriptomic footprints
Authors: Reuther Peter , Martin Katrin , Kreutzfeldt Mario , Ciancaglini Matias , Geier Florian , Calabrese Diego , Merkler Doron , Pinschewer Daniel D.
Published: August 2021

Several RNA viruses can establish life-long persistent infection in mammalian hosts, but the fate of individual virus-infected cells remains undefined. Here we used Cre recombinase–encoding lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus to establish persistent infection in fluorescent cell fate reporter mice. Virus-infected hepatocytes underwent spontaneous noncytolytic viral clearance independently of type I or type II interferon signaling or adaptive immunity. Viral clearance was accompanied by persistent transcriptomic footprints related to proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling, immune responses, and metabolism. Substantial overlap with persistent epigenetic alterations in HCV-cured patients suggested a universal RNA virus-induced transcriptomic footprint. Cell-intrinsic clearance occurred in cell culture, too, with sequential infection, reinfection cycles separated by a period of relative refractoriness to infection. Our study reveals that systemic persistence of a prototypic noncytolytic RNA virus depends on continuous spread and reinfection. Yet undefined cell-intrinsic mechanisms prevent viral persistence at the single-cell level but give way to profound transcriptomic alterations in virus-cleared cells.
Fabrication of defective graphene oxide for efficient hydrogen production and enhanced 4-nitro-phenol reduction
Authors: Raza Waseem , Ahmad Khursheed , Kim Haekyoung
Published: August 2021

Hydrogen has been considered as one of the most promising alternative energy source to solve the future energy demands due to its high energy capacity and emission-free character. The generation of hydrogen from non-fossil sources is necessary for the sustainable development of human life on this planet. The hydrolysis of sodium borohydride can quickly produce a large amount of hydrogen in situ and on-demand in the presence of the catalyst, which can be used as an alternative energy source. So, it is crucial to fabricate the highly efficient, robust, and economical catalyst for the production of hydrogen via hydrolysis of sodium borohydride. Herein, a facile and efficient approach for the synthesis of metal-functionalized reduced graphene oxide for the production of hydrogen at room temperature was used. Moreover, the synthesized catalyst has also been tested in the field of environmental catalysis for the reduction of toxic 4-nitrophenol to valuable 4-aminophenol in the presence of sodium borohydride. The enhanced activity of prepared metal-functionalized reduced graphene oxide is ascribed to a strong affinity between Fe–N
X
and reduced graphene oxide which facilitates electron transfer as well as synergistic effect. Overall, this work presents a crucial procedure for green chemistry reactions when a carbonaceous material is selected as a catalyst.
The mean-field Bose glass in quasicrystalline systems
Authors: Johnstone Dean , Öhberg Patrik , Duncan Callum W
Published: August 2021

We confirm the presence of a mean-field Bose glass (BG) in 2D quasicrystalline Bose–Hubbard models. We focus on two models where the aperiodic component is present in different parts of the problem. First, we consider a 2D generalisation of the Aubry–André (AA) model, where the lattice geometry is that of a square with a quasiperiodic onsite potential. Second, we consider the randomly disordered vertex model, which takes aperiodic tilings with non-crystalline rotational symmetries, and forms lattices from the vertices and lengths of the tiles. For the disordered vertex models, the mean-field BG forms across large ranges of the chemical potential, and we observe no significant differences from the case of a square lattice with uniform random disorder. Small variations in the critical points in the presence of random disorder between quasicrystalline and crystalline lattice geometries can be accounted for by the varying coordination number and the different rotational symmetries present. In the 2D AA model, substantial differences are observed from the usual phase diagrams of crystalline disordered systems. We show that weak modulation lines can be predicted from the underlying potential and may stabilise or suppress the mean-field BG in certain regimes. This results in a lobe-like structure for the mean-field BG in the 2D AA model, which is significantly different from the case of random disorder. Together, the two quasicrystalline models studied in this work show that the mean-field BG phase is present, as expected for 2D quasiperiodic models. However, a quasicrystalline geometry is not sufficient to result in differences from crystalline realisations of the BG, whereas a quasiperiodic form of disorder can result in different physics, as we observe in the 2D AA model.
An experimental investigation of mechanical properties, forming limit curves, and bending behavior of aluminum-polymer sandwich composites
Authors: Seyed Jafari P , Hashemi R , Kazemi F , Pourmorad Kaleybar S
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to investigate the forming limit diagrams (FLDs), mechanical properties, and bending behavior of the three kinds of sandwich composites. The core layer in all sandwich sheets consisted of polyethylene, and just the skin layers were chosen to be AA5754 or AA3105. The results showed that the sandwich sheets are an appropriate choice to be used instead of the monometallic sheets. According to the 3-point bending test results, the flexural strength of the AL 3105/Polyethylene/AL 3105 sandwich composite is about 30 percent less than the AA3105 monometallic layer. Also, the formability of the metallic sandwich composites with non-identical skin layers was studied. The results demonstrated that using one layer AA 3105 and one layer AA5754 instead of AA5754 for both skin layers, although formability decreased about 11% in the plane strain region, the cost of fabricating the composite was decreased sheet reduces almost 75%. As a result, using skin layers with the different grades of aluminum is an appropriate way to reduce the cost of fabricating the aluminum-polymer sandwich composites, in which the formability does not decrease significantly.
X-ray emissions from Uranus spotted for the first time
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: August 2021

An international team of astronomers has announced the first detection of X-ray emissions from the planet Uranus.
Spinning black holes can be deformed by tidal forces, calculations reveal
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: August 2021

Some spinning binary black holes can tidally deform as they merge. That is according to calculations by Alexandre Le Tiec at the Observatory of Paris, and Marc Casals at the Brazilian Centre for Research in Physics.
War and peace
Authors: Peacock Sheila , Crease Robert P
Published: August 2021

In response to Robert Crease’s Critical Point article “Combat robotics” (May pp22–23), which describes the use of physics in the TV series BattleBots, where weaponized robots fight each other.
No Payne no gain
Authors: Jones Gil , Durrani Matin , Goodman Maurice
Published: August 2021

In response to David Appell’s review of Seven Pillars of Science: the Incredible Lightness of Ice, and Other Scientific Surprises by John Gribbin, which appeared under the headline “The surprises essential to life”
Faith and physics
Authors: Brown David
Published: August 2021

In response to Sebastian Wood’s Forum article “Recognizing religious diversity” (April p21), which discusses the ways in which the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) has created a work environment that is welcoming for employees of all faiths.
Engineering reflections
Authors: McDowell Alex
Published: August 2021

In reply to Peter Gwynne’s article “Panel calls for US focus on solar geoengineering” (May p12), about the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine calling for more research into methods of reflecting sunlight to combat climate change
A funny thing happened on my way to class
Authors: O’Meara Joanne
Published: August 2021

As I strode across campus to teach my second-year electricity and magnetism class, it suddenly struck me that I had the makings of a fantastic opportunity tucked under my arm
Shortcuts to adiabatic rotation of a two-ion chain
Authors: Tobalina Ander , Muga Juan Gonzalo , Lizuain Ion , Palmero Mikel
Published: August 2021

We inverse engineer fast rotations of a transversally tight, linear trap with two ions for a predetermined rotation angle and time, avoiding final excitation. Different approaches are analyzed and compared when the ions are of the same species or of different species. The separability into dynamical normal modes for equal ions in a harmonic trap, or for different ions in non-harmonic traps with up to quartic terms allows for simpler computations of the rotation protocols. For non-separable scenarios, in particular for different ions in harmonic traps, rotation protocols are also found using more costly numerical optimisations.
Stability of heat kernel estimates for symmetric non-local Dirichlet forms
Authors: Chen Zhen-Qing , Kumagai Takashi , Wang Jian
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we consider symmetric jump processes of mixed-type on metric measure spaces under general volume doubling condition, and establish stability of two-sided heat kernel estimates and heat kernel upper bounds. We obtain their stable equivalent characterizations in terms of the jumping kernels, variants of cut-off Sobolev inequalities, and the Faber-Krahn inequalities. In particular, we establish stability of heat kernel estimates for

α
\alpha

-stable-like processes even with

α
≥
2

\alpha \ge 2

when the underlying spaces have walk dimensions larger than

2
2

, which has been one of the major open problems in this area.
Face Mask Use Conditionally Decreases Compliance With Physical Distancing Rules Against COVID-19: Gender Differences in Risk Compensation Pattern
Authors: Aranguren Martin
Published: August 2021

Background

In the context of the COVID-19 emergency, the concern has been raised that people may compensate the reduction in risk ensured by mask use with an increase in risk induced by lower adherence to physical distancing rules.

Purpose

The paper investigates if people compensate risk in this manner when their interaction partner wears a face mask, examining if risk compensation further depends on gender, signaled social status and perceived race.

Methods

An experiment was conducted in two waves (June, n = 1396 and September 2020, n = 1326) in front of the traffic lights of four busy roads in Paris. A confederate asked a randomly selected pedestrian for directions following a script and keeping the recommended distance. Confederates were locally recognizable as Blacks or Whites and alternatively presented themselves with a costume indicative of high or low social status. An observer recorded whether the pedestrian kept the recommended distance.

Results

Both in June and September, men are less likely to comply with the distancing rule when the confederate wears the face mask, and particularly so when the confederate signals high status. When the confederate wears the mask, female pedestrians observe less the one-meter rule in September than in June.

Conclusions

Men’s risk compensatory behavior is constant over time. In contrast, women’s depends on the time period.
Challenges and Prospects of Wild Soybean as a Resistance Source Against Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Hesler Louis S , Tilmon Kelley J , Varenhorst Adam J , Conzemius Sophia R , Taliercio Earl , Beckendorf Eric A
Published: August 2021

Crop wild relatives (CWRs) have high levels of genetic diversity compared to their domesticated descendants. Soybean (Glycine max) has over 20 species of CWRs, most of which are in secondary and tertiary gene pools. Glycine soja, hereafter ‘soja,’ is the only wild relative in the primary gene pool, i.e., species that readily cross with soybean. Soja has many advantageous traits that may be transferrable to soybean, including resistance to insect pests, with particularly strong sources of resistance to the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Soybean aphid has been a major soybean pest in the United States and Canada since 2000 and a longstanding pest in East Asia. This paper reviews the challenges of developing soybean with durable resistance to soybean aphid in light of multiple, virulent biotypes in North America and China. It also examines particular challenges in evaluating soja germplasm for soybean aphid resistance and resultant solutions to those challenges. Soja germplasm is widely available, but from our experience, the logistics associated with reliably procuring high-quality soja seed has posed the main challenge in working with this CWR. This review highlights soja accessions identified with strong resistance to soybean aphid and their genetic bases, and it discusses possible strategies for exploiting aphid-resistant soja accessions to improve soybean pest management.
Exploring Methods for Surveillance of Occupational Exposure from Additive Manufacturing in Four Different Industrial Facilities
Authors: Runström Eden Gunilla , Tinnerberg Håkan , Rosell Lars , Möller Rickie , Almstrand Ann-Charlotte , Bredberg Anna
Published: August 2021

3D printing, a type of additive manufacturing (AM), is a rapidly expanding field. Some adverse health effects have been associated with exposure to printing emissions, which makes occupational exposure studies important. There is a lack of exposure studies, particularly from printing methods other than material extrusion (ME). The presented study aimed to evaluate measurement methods for exposure assessment in AM environments and to measure exposure and emissions from four different printing methods [powder bed fusion (PBF), material extrusion (ME), material jetting (MJ), and vat photopolymerization] in industry. Structured exposure diaries and volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors were used over a 5-day working week. Personal and stationary VOC samples and real-time particle measurements were taken for 1 day per facility. Personal inhalable and respirable dust samples were taken during PBF and MJ AM. The use of structured exposure diaries in combination with measurement data revealed that comparatively little time is spent on actual printing and the main exposure comes from post-processing tasks. VOC and particle instruments that log for a longer period are a useful tool as they facilitate the identification of work tasks with high emissions, highlight the importance of ventilation and give a more gathered view of variations in exposure. No alarming levels of VOCs or dust were detected during print nor post-processing in these facilities as adequate preventive measures were installed. As there are a few studies reporting negative health effects, it is still important to keep the exposure as low as reasonable.
Amanida: an R package for meta-analysis of metabolomics non-integral data
Authors: Llambrich Maria , Correig Eudald , Gumà Josep , Brezmes Jesús , Cumeras Raquel
Published: August 2021

The combination, analysis and evaluation of different studies which try to answer or solve the same scientific question, also known as a meta-analysis, plays a crucial role in answering relevant clinical relevant questions. Unfortunately, metabolomics studies rarely disclose all the statistical information needed to perform a meta-analysis. Here, we present a meta-analysis approach using only the most reported statistical parameters in this field: P-value and fold-change. The P-values are combined via Fisher’s method and fold-changes by averaging, both weighted by the study size (n). The amanida package includes several visualization options: a volcano plot for quantitative results, a vote plot for total regulation behaviours (up/down regulations) for each compound, and a explore plot of the vote-counting results with the number of times a compound is found upregulated or downregulated. In this way, it is very easy to detect discrepancies between studies at a first glance.

Availability and implementation

Amanida code and documentation are at CRAN and https://github.com/mariallr/amanida.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The role of abnormal subaortic morphometry as a substrate for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction following atrioventricular septal defect repair
Authors: Chandiramani Ashwini Suresh , Bader Vivian , Finlay Emma , Lilley Stuart , McLean Andrew , Peng Ed
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES

Although left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction is a recognized risk after atrioventricular (AV) septal defect (AVSD) repair, quantitative assessments to define the substrate of the obstruction are lacking.

METHODS

Morphometric analyses were based on measurements from early 2-dimensional echocardiographic scans (within 3 months postoperatively) for 117 patients (82 CAVVO = common AV valve; 35 SAVVO = separate AV valve orifices), which were compared to 50 age/weight matched controls (atrial septal defect/ventricular septal defect). Late echocardiographic analyses were performed in 57 patients with AVSD (follow-up range, 1.2–10.7 years).

RESULTS

Adequate z scores (above −2.5) were observed in 109 (93%) patients with AVSD at the aortic annulus and in 89 (76%) with AVSD in the subaortic area. Compared to the control group, patients with AVSD had lower median z scores at the aortic annulus (−0.64 vs 0.60; P < 0.001) and the subaortic areas (−1.48 vs 0.59; P < 0.001), disproportionate subaortic/aortic annulus ratio <1.00 (67% vs 22%; P < 0.001), narrower annuloaortic-septal angle (94.0 vs 104.0; P < 0.001) and annuloaortic left AV valve angle (78.0 vs 90.0; P < 0.001). Compared to patients with CAVVO, those with SAVVO had narrower annuloaortic-septal angles (P = 0.022) that persisted at late analysis, with lower subaortic/aortic annular ratios (P = 0.039). In patients with CAVVO, lower early postoperative subaortic z scores were found following modified single-patch repairs (median −2.12 vs −1.02 in two-patch repairs; P = 0.004). A total of 6/117 (5%) patients (4 CAVVO, 5% and 2 SAVVO, 6%) required reoperations for LVOT obstruction (mean 6.9 years postoperatively), with no difference in morphology or types of operations.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite having adequate z scores, patients with AVSD demonstrated abnormal LVOT morphometrics early postoperatively. Besides intrinsic morphology, repair techniques may have an impact on postoperative LVOT morphometrics and requires further evaluation.
Assessing long-term effects of CAP investment support on indicators of farm performance
Authors: Nilsson Pia , Wixe Sofia
Published: August 2021

In this study of Swedish farms from 2007 to 2016, we estimate the effects of investment support from the Common Agricultural Policy on indicators of farm performance, focusing on long-term effects. To isolate the impact and alleviate problems of selection bias, we employ a counterfactual empirical design using Coarsened Exact Matching and dynamic panel fixed-effects estimations. The average treatment effect on the treated estimates show a positive and significant long-term improvement of farm performance with regard to productivity and turnover. However, the results indicate significant time lags between investments and accumulated observable effects, as we find most short-term effects of the subsidy to be insignificant.