bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
American Doctrine: The Foundation of Grand Strategy
Authors: Colucci Lamont
Published: August 2018

There is an organic American grand strategy, expressed over three centuries in multiple presidential doctrines. Through an examination of grand strategy and doctrines, a clear pattern of success and failure can be demonstrated. Doctrines and grand strategy continue to vanish from policy and public discourse. Often the concept of American Grand Strategy has nearly vanished from any discussion of national security and foreign policy. There is an assumption that expressions such as national security, foreign policy, national security doctrines, grand strategy, vital, national, and peripheral interests are the same concept; they are not. There are many definitions of Grand Strategy; they range along the spectrum from the simple to the complex. Grand Strategy is put into practice with the adoption of national security doctrines. These doctrines should be the highest form of statecraft, but they are often ignored or misunderstood. This article examines the definition of Grand Strategy, why Grand Strategy is often ignored, how Grand Strategy relates to national security doctrines, how national security doctrines are created and implemented, what have been the common themes in American Grand Strategy and doctrines, and what the future holds for American Grand Strategy. It postulates the return to an organic American doctrine that can engage the current national security threats.
School context and subjective distress: The influence of teacher justice and school-specific well-being on adolescents’ psychological health
Authors: Mameli Consuelo , Biolcati Roberta , Passini Stefano , Mancini Giacomo
Published: August 2018

Notwithstanding the large consensus on the idea that justice should be favoured in school contexts to promote student well-being, there is still a lack of research that has investigated how the experience of justice at school spreads impact on global adolescent psychological health. The aim of this study is to investigate the degree to which the experience of teacher (in)justice is possibly related to some of the indicators of adolescent global psychological health, namely individual and social functioning, psychological problems, and somatic symptoms. We also test the role of two components of school-specific well-being, i.e., emotional engagement and classroom connectedness, here considered as potential mediators between teacher justice and psychological health. Structural equation modelling indicated that teacher justice is positively associated with emotional engagement, classroom connectedness and individual functioning, and negatively related to psychological problems. The relation from teacher justice to individual functioning was partially mediated by emotional engagement and classroom connectedness. The relation from teacher justice to social functioning and somatic symptoms was fully mediated by classroom connectedness, while a partial mediation was found between teacher justice and psychological problems via classroom connectedness. These results are commented at the light of their implications for teacher practices.
Telecom, Traffic Cones, and the Big One: Identifying Transportation and Communications Emergency Support Workforces and Calculating Their Exposure to Seismic Peak Ground Accelerations
Authors: Auza Pierre M. , Lavery Diana C. , Jayakrishnan R. , Nakanishi Yuko J.
Published: August 2018

Successful post-disaster response and recovery depends on prompt restoration of infrastructure, including transportation or communications. However, disasters can have an impact on the workforce responsible for restoration, for example, by damaging their homes. This study has two goals: 1. Identify workers potentially participating in restoring transportation and communications infrastructure; 2. Calculate these workers’ exposure to the peak ground accelerations (PGAs) of a 7.8 magnitude earthquake in a Southern California scenario, and compare it with the rest of the working population’s exposure. Four steps are required. First, calculate the mean PGA for each affected public use microdata area (PUMA). Second, identify the infrastructure restoration workforce by specifying Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes. When specifying, use the Emergency Support Function (ESF) Annexes for Transportation (ESF#1) and Communications (ESF#2) to clarify workers’ roles and responsibilities. This ESF-specific listing of codes is a novel contribution. Third, via frequency table, calculate the mean and standard deviation of transportation and communications workers’ exposure to PGAs in their PUMAs of residence. Finally, test the difference in mean PGA exposures between two populations: (a) transportation or communications workers and (b) the rest of the working population. This study finds that, for this scenario, transportation workers are exposed to statistically significant higher PGAs than non-transportation workers, and communication workers to significantly lower PGAs. For practitioners, knowing which worker categories a disaster disproportionately affects could justify pre-event investments in workforce preparedness and recovery planning efforts.
Introducing a Re-Sampling Methodology for the Estimation of Empirical Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams
Authors: Ambühl Lukas , Loder Allister , Bliemer Michiel C. J. , Menendez Monica , Axhausen Kay W.
Published: August 2018

The uncertainty in the estimation of the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) under real-world traffic conditions and urban dynamics might result in an inaccurate estimation of the MFD parameters—especially if congestion is rarely observed network-wide. For example, as data normally come from punctual observations out of the whole network, it is unclear how representative these observations might be (i.e., how much is the observed capacity affected by the network’s inhomogeneity). Similarly, if the observed data do not exhibit a distinct congested branch, it is hard to determine the network capacity and critical density. This, in turn, also leads to uncertainties and errors in the parametrization of the MFD for applications, for example traffic control. This paper introduces a novel methodology to estimate (i) the level of inhomogeneity in the network, and (ii) the critical density of the MFD, even when no congested branch is observed. The methodology is based on the idea of re-sampling the empirical data set. Using an extensive data set from Lucerne, Switzerland, and London, UK, insights are provided on the performance and the application of the proposed methodology. The proposed methodology is used to illustrate how the level of inhomogeneity is lower in Lucerne than in the three areas of the network of London that are investigated. The proposed measure of the level of inhomogeneity gives city planners the possibility to analyze and investigate how efficiently their road network is utilized. In addition, the analysis shows that, for the network of Lucerne, the proposed methodology allows accurate estimation of the critical density up to 16 times more often than would be possible otherwise. This simple and robust estimation of the critical density is crucial for the application of many traffic control algorithms.
Tourism and its economic impact: A literature review using bibliometric tools
Authors: Comerio Niccolò , Strozzi Fernanda
Published: August 2018

Topics such as the relationship between tourism and economic impact, its potential benefits and negative externalities are characterized by both vastness and heterogeneity of contents. Therefore, it can be complex to pinpoint the seminal works of each area of study. To extract the backbones of the research tradition, we applied the dynamic literature review method called ‘Systematic Literature Network Analysis’, which combines systematic literature review and bibliographic network analysis. Additionally, this methodology can help to provide a panorama of the most developed areas of study concerning tourism, supporting newcomers to target specific topics and therefore to link to them.
Young onset dementia: Public involvement in co-designing community-based support
Authors: Mayrhofer Andrea M , Mathie Elspeth , McKeown Jane , Goodman Claire , Irvine Lisa , Hall Natalie , Walker Michael
Published: August 2018

Whilst the support requirements of people diagnosed with young onset dementia are well-documented, less is known about what needs to be in place to provide age-appropriate care. To understand priorities for service planning and commissioning and to inform the design of a future study of community-based service delivery models, we held two rounds of discussions with four groups of people affected by young onset dementia (n = 31) and interviewed memory services (n = 3) and non-profit service providers (n = 7) in two sites in England. Discussions confirmed published evidence on support requirements, but also reframed priorities for support and suggested new approaches to dementia care at the community level. This paper argues that involving people with young onset dementia in the assessment of research findings in terms of what is important to them, and inviting suggestions for solutions, provides a way for co-designing services that address the challenges of accessing support for people affected by young onset dementia.
Assessment of high fat diet-induced fatty liver in medaka
Authors: Fujisawa Koichi , Takami Taro , Fukui Yumi , Nagatomo Takahiro , Saeki Issei , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Hidaka Isao , Yamamoto Naoki , Okamoto Takeshi , Furutani-Seiki Makoto , Sakaida Isao
Published: August 2018

Fatty liver, which has been continuously growing in the number of patients, is the most common liver disease. For detailed analysis, a useful model of fatty liver is desired and fish is considered as a candidate of the models. We assessed direct observation of the liver, which is the most conventional method for the non-invasive analysis of the progression in fatty liver. By using transparent medaka, changes in fat deposition in the liver were able to be observed. An analysis of the assessment of the progression in fatty liver using Ultrasound showed a significant increase in echo intensity, which indicates that this is a useful examination method. In addition, we clarified a metabolite profile of the liver in medaka fed a high fat diet (HFD), which had not been shown in detail. This medaka model allowing non-invasive and repetitive assessment is a useful model for the analysis of diseases causing fatty liver in which changes in detailed metabolites are identified.
Cross-limb communication during Xenopus hind-limb regenerative response: non-local bioelectric injury signals
Authors: Busse Sera M. , McMillen Patrick T. , Levin Michael
Published: August 2018

Regeneration of damaged body-parts requires coordination of size, shape, location, and orientation of tissue with the rest of the body. It is not currently known how far injury sites communicate with the remaining soma during repair, or what information may emanate from the injury site to other regions. We examined the bioelectric properties (resting potential gradients in the epidermis) of Xenopus froglets undergoing hind-limb amputation and observed that the contralateral (un-damaged) limb exhibits apparent depolarization signals immediately after the opposite hind-limb is amputated. The pattern of depolarization matches that of the amputated limb and is correlated to the position and type of injury, revealing that information about damage is available to remote body tissues and is detectable non-invasively in vivo by monitoring of the bioelectric state. These data extend knowledge about the electrophysiology of regenerative response, identify a novel communication process via long-range spread of injury signaling, a phenomenon which we call bioelectric injury mirroring (BIM), and suggests revisions to regenerative medicine and diagnostic strategies focused entirely on the wound site and to the use of contralateral limbs as controls.
GILZ-dependent modulation of mTORC1 regulates spermatogonial maintenance
Authors: La Hue M. , Chan Ai-Leen , Legrand Julien M. D. , Rossello Fernando J. , Gangemi Christina G. , Papa Antonella , Cheng Qiang , Morand Eric F. , Hobbs Robin M.
Published: August 2018

Male fertility is dependent on spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) that self-renew and produce differentiating germ cells. Growth factors produced within the testis are essential for SSC maintenance but intrinsic factors that dictate the SSC response to these stimuli are poorly characterised. Here, we have studied the role of GILZ, a TSC22D family protein and spermatogenesis regulator, in spermatogonial function and signalling. Although broadly expressed in the germline, GILZ was prominent in undifferentiated spermatogonia and Gilz deletion in adults resulted in exhaustion of the GFRα1+ SSC-containing population and germline degeneration. GILZ loss was associated with mTORC1 activation, suggesting enhanced growth factor signalling. Expression of deubiquitylase USP9X, an mTORC1 modulator required for spermatogenesis, was disrupted in Gilz mutants. Treatment with an mTOR inhibitor rescued GFRα1+ spermatogonial failure, indicating that GILZ-dependent mTORC1 inhibition is crucial for SSC maintenance. Analysis of cultured undifferentiated spermatogonia lacking GILZ confirmed aberrant activation of ERK MAPK upstream mTORC1 plus USP9X downregulation and interaction of GILZ with TSC22D proteins. Our data indicate an essential role for GILZ-TSC22D complexes in ensuring the appropriate response of undifferentiated spermatogonia to growth factors via distinct inputs to mTORC1.
Role of SmcHD1 in establishment of epigenetic states required for the maintenance of the X-inactivated state in mice
Authors: Sakakibara Yuki , Nagao Koji , Blewitt Marnie , Sasaki Hiroyuki , Obuse Chikashi , Sado Takashi
Published: August 2018

X inactivation in mammals is regulated by epigenetic modifications. Functional deficiency of SmcHD1 has been shown to cause de-repression of X-inactivated genes in post-implantation female mouse embryos, suggesting a role of SmcHD1 in the maintenance of X inactivation. Here, we show that de-repression of X-inactivated genes accompanied a local reduction in the enrichment of H3K27me3 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts deficient for SmcHD1. Furthermore, many of these genes overlapped with those having a significantly lower enrichment of H3K27me3 at the blastocyst stage in wild type. Intriguingly, however, depletion of SmcHD1 did not compromise the X-inactivated state in immortalized female mouse embryonic fibroblasts, in which X inactivation had been established and maintained. Taking all these findings together, we suggest that SmcHD1 facilitates the incorporation of H3K27me3 and perhaps other epigenetic modifications at gene loci that are silenced even with the lower enrichment of H3K27me3 at the early stage of X inactivation. The epigenetic state at these loci would, however, remain as it is at the blastocyst stage in the absence of SmcHD1 after implantation, which would eventually compromise the maintenance of the X-inactivated state at later stages.
To attention
Authors: Tassoni Penny , Tassoni Anne-Marie
Published: August 2018

A guide to attention, listening and understanding skills in children from birth to two. By Anne-Marie Tassoni and Penny Tassoni
Mealtimes
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: August 2018

Sharing meals with the whole family has many positive influences on young children, from good eating habits to sociability, explains Annette Rawstrone
Increased Synthesis of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan Promotes Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Response to Enriched Environment
Authors: Yamada Jun , Nadanaka Satomi , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Takeuchi Kosei , Jinno Shozo
Published: August 2018

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) is a candidate regulator of embryonic neurogenesis. The aim of this study was to specify the functional significance of CSPG in adult hippocampal neurogenesis using male mice. Here, we showed that neural stem cells and neuronal progenitors in the dentate gyrus were covered in part by CSPG. Pharmacological depletion of CSPG in the dentate gyrus reduced the densities of neuronal progenitors and newborn granule cells. 3D reconstruction of newborn granule cells showed that their maturation was inhibited by CSPG digestion. The novel object recognition test revealed that CSPG digestion caused cognitive memory impairment. Western blot analysis showed that expression of β-catenin in the dentate gyrus was decreased by CSPG digestion. The amount of CSPG in the dentate gyrus was increased by enriched environment (EE) and was decreased by forced swim stress. In addition, EE accelerated the recovery of CSPG expression in the dentate gyrus from the pharmacological depletion and promoted the restoration of granule cell production. Conversely, the densities of newborn granule cells were also decreased in mice that lacked chondroitin sulfateN-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (CSGalNAcT1), a key enzyme for CSPG synthesis (T1KO mice). The capacity of EE to promote granule cell production and improve cognitive memory was impaired in T1KO mice. These findings indicate that CSPG is involved in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and suggest that increased synthesis of CSPG by CSGalNacT1 may mediate promotion of granule cell production and improvement of cognitive memory in response to EE.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) is a candidate regulator of embryonic neurogenesis. Here, we specified the role of CSPG in adult neurogenesis in the mouse hippocampus. Digestion of CSPG in the dentate gyrus impaired granule cell production and cognitive memory. Enriched environment (EE) promoted the recovery of CSPG expression and granule cell production from the CSPG digestion. Additionally, adult neurogenesis was impaired in mice that lacked a key enzyme for CSPG synthesis (T1KO mice). The capacity of EE to promote granule cell production and cognitive memory was impaired in T1KO mice. Altogether, these findings indicate that CSPG underlies adult hippocampal neurogenesis and suggest that increased synthesis of CSPG may mediate promotion of granule cell production in response to EE.
Vyresnio amžiaus asmenų persikėlimo į socialinės globos įstaigą patirtis: literatūros apžvalga
Authors: Charenkova Jūratė
Published: August 2018

[only abstract and keywords in English; full article, abstract and keywords in Lithuanian]

Relocation to residential care facility in older age is considered as one of the most significant life transitions, that causes great deal of stress, depression and anxiety to the elderly. It is said, that transition to residential care facility is only slightly less stressful event than divorce or death of a spouse. After relocation older people are faced with a lot of unknowns in form of new people, new physical surroundings and new social demands. Relocation to residential care facility is a challenge for usual lifestyle: changes in one’s social network, loss of autonomy, reduced opportunities of maintaining favorite activities, adapting to new social and physical environment, attempts to create new home in residential care facility demand a lot of adaptive efforts from the elderly. These are the most common challenges to identity and well-being of the elderly. On other hand, relocation to residential care facility not only creates new challenges for elderly people, but also creates a new opportunities in form of new friends, new activities and sense of security since in case of emergency there are always staff close by. So there are possibilities of reconstructing one’s identity and maintaining well-being.
Kochlearinė implantacija Lietuvoje: paplitimas ir sistemos apžvalga
Authors: Mataitytė - Diržienė Jurga , Stumbrys Daumantas , Byčkova Jekaterina , Lesinskas Eugenijus
Published: August 2018

[straipsnis, santrauka, reikšminiai žodžiai lietuvių kalba; santrauka ir reikšminiai žodžiai anglų kalba]

Anksčiau atliktų tyrimų rezultatai rodo, kad kochlearinė (klausos) implantacija kartu su nuosekliai įgyvendinama klausos lavinimo programa gali užtikrinti sėkmingą kurčių vaikų socialinę integraciją. Kochlearinė implantacija Lietuvoje atliekama nuo 1998 metų. Iki 2017 metų pabaigos šalyje implantuoti 377 asmenys, dauguma iš jų – vaikai. Daugelis šios srities tyrimų yra skirta klinikiniams ar technologiniams kochlearinės implantacijos aspektams nagrinėti, tačiau trūksta darbų, kuriuose būtų nagrinėjami sveikatos politikos ir socialinės integracijos klausimai. Straipsnyje apžvelgiama dabartinė kochlearinės implantacijos sistema, implantacijų paplitimas ir paciento kelias. Tyrime derinami teisės aktų bei kitų dokumentų analizės ir aprašomosios statistikos metodai. Straipsnio autorių žiniomis, tai pirmas tyrimas, skirtas kochlearinės implantacijos sistemos apžvalgai Lietuvoje.
Resolusi Affirmative Action di Pengadilan
Authors: Indah Furba
Published: August 2018

Kasus kekerasan seksual yang terdapat pada catatan tahunan Komisi Nasional Perempuan tahun 2016 mengatakan secara jelas yang terungkap dalam angka-angka mencapai puncaknya 259.150 kasus kekerasan yang terjadi terhadap perempuan. Penegakan hukum yang sudah banyak dicanangkan dan ditetapkan dalam bentuk materil untuk setiap kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan  seperti yang tertuang dalam UU no 23 tahun 2004 tentang Perlindungan Korban Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) sejatinya telah memberikan prinsip dasar perlindungan korban kekerasan dalam lingkup rumah tangga. Bahwa undang-undang tersebut dirasa sebagai terobosan baru dalam wacana perlindungan kekerasan terhadap perempuan yang juga sejalan dengan Konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi terhadap Perempuan (CEDAW) melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1984 pada tanggal 24 Juli 1984. DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v1i1.8202
Pengadilan Jalanan Versus Negara Hukum
Authors: Romlah Siti
Published: August 2018

Beberapa waktu  lalu, banyak media massa yang memberitakan tentang terjadinya perbuatan main hakim sendiri yang berujung pada tewasnya seseorang yang dituduh menjadi pelaku pencurian karena dibakar oleh amarah massa. Tentunya berita itu sempat menggegerkan masyarakat di seluruh penjuru Indonesia. Namun, kejadian main hakim sendiri atau yang biasa disebut dengan “pengadilan jalanan” hingga memakan korban jiwa, bukanlah hal baru di Indonesia. Seperti yang diungkapkan oleh sosiolog terkenal Sigit Rochadi kepada e-buletin Okezone.com (8/8/2017) yang menyatakan bahwa pada tahun 2015 setidaknya terdapat 7.766 kasus kekerasan yang diantaranya adalah 60,8% main hakim sendiri dan dari angka tersebut terdapat setidaknya 6,8% yang berujung dengan tewasnya tersangka.
Kedaulatan Rakyat Dalam Pemilihan Umum Langsung
Authors: Nuriman Lazuardi
Published: August 2018

Kedaulatan rakyat dalam era demokrasi ini sudah seharusnya sudah menjadi milik rakyat sepenuhnya, karena saat ini pemilihan pemimpin negara atau pemimpin daerah sudah dipilih secara langsung oleh rakyat. Berbeda halnya dengan di masa orde lama dan orde baru, pemimpin kepala negara dan pemimpin daerah dipilih oleh wakil rakyat yang notabene ialah utusan partai politik, sebab itu kita harus mengembalikan kedaulatan rakyat sepenuhnya di tangan rakyat.
Model Diversifikasi Sistem Perwakilan Rakyat
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim
Published: August 2018

Keberadaan partai politik di negara demokrasi sangat dibenarkan. Ia dijadikan sebagai pilar demokrasi dan pelaksana kedaulatan rakyat. Substansi pokok partai politik berupa kedaulatan (status) dan peranan (role) merupakan hal  penting dalam perjalanan sistem demokrasi. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena keduanya memainkan peran penghubung antara pemerintah negara dengan warga negaranya.
Adoption of Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccine Recommendations
Authors: Kempe Allison , Allison Mandy A. , MacNeil Jessica R. , O’Leary Sean T. , Crane Lori A. , Beaty Brenda L. , Hurley Laura P. , Brtnikova Michaela , Lindley Megan C. , Albert Alison P.
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

In 2015, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended that 16- to 23-year-olds may be vaccinated with the serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccine on the basis of individual clinical decision-making (Category B). We assessed the following among US pediatricians and family physicians (FPs): (1) practices regarding MenB vaccine delivery, (2) factors influencing a decision to recommend the MenB vaccine, and (3) factors associated with discussing the MenB vaccine.

METHODS:

We surveyed a nationally representative sample of pediatricians and FPs via e-mail and Internet from October 2016 to December 2016.

RESULTS:

The response rate was 72% (660 of 916). During routine visits, 51% of pediatricians and 31% of FPs reported always or often discussing MenB vaccine. Among those who discussed often or always, 91% recommended vaccination; among those who never or rarely discussed, 11% recommended. We found that 73% of pediatricians and 41% of FPs currently administered the MenB vaccine. Although many providers reported not knowing about factors influencing recommendation decisions, MenB disease outbreaks (89%), disease incidence (62%), and effectiveness (52%), safety (48%), and duration of protection of MenB vaccine (39%) increased the likelihood of recommendation, whereas the Category B recommendation (45%) decreased likelihood. Those somewhat or not at all aware of the MenB vaccine (risk ratio 0.32 [95% confidence interval 0.25–0.41]) and those practicing in a health maintenance organization (0.39 [0.18–0.87]) were less likely, whereas those aware of disease outbreaks in their state (1.25 [1.08–1.45]) were more likely to discuss MenB vaccine.

CONCLUSIONS:

Primary care physicians have significant gaps in knowledge about MenB disease and the MenB vaccine, and this appears to be a major driver of the decision not to discuss the vaccines.
Optimization of microclonal propagation in vitro of oregano (Origanum vulgare)
Authors: Fokina A. V. , Satarova T. M. , Smetanin V. T. , Kucenko N. I.
Published: August 2018

Medicinal plants are important objects for botany, systematics and plant geography research, as well as physiology, pharmacology, and biotechnology. Medicinal plants from the Lamiaceae family are being intensively studied for medical and pharmacological reasons. This family also includes the medicinal herbaceous plant oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), known from ancient times for its antimicrobial and antifungal properties, the ability to strengthen the human immune system, and to improve the general state of an organism. At present, the study of its antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal, anticoagulant, antitumor, therapeutic and many other properties is being actively continued. Due to the relevance of the development of the principles of O. vulgare micropropagation in vitro and the undeveloped conditions and methods of its cultivation, the aim of this work was to optimize microclonation in vitro of oregano via the activation of auxiliary buds. The research tasks were to test the ability of auxiliary buds to be activated depending on the localization on the donor shoot internodes and to intensify the root formation of cuttings through medium content optimization. The influence of the location of the auxiliary buds on donor shoots on their activation in vitro was studied on such indicators as the length of newly formed shoots, the number of nodules per one newly formed shoot, and the number of newly formed shoots per one bud. In plant microclonal propagation, the stage of root formation is very important for further adaptation in soil. Practical experience has shown that for the effective adaptation of oregano in soil, the length of the root system for cuttings should be 1.5–2.0 cm, the degree of root system development – 4–5 points under shoot length of 3–5 cm. The study of peculiarities of oregano microclonal propagation via activation of auxiliary buds has allowed us to optimize the stage of explant selection for cutting and the formation of cuttings’ roots. It has been established that for optimal length, the number of nodules of the newly formed shoots and the number of newly formed shoots, the first internode, located on the top of a parent shoot, as well as the third to fifth ones are more suitable. For rooting oregano cuttings, the optimal medium on the ratio of length and density of root system and on shoot length is the nutrient one containing half of the macro-, microsalts and vitamins on Murashige-Skoog, 20 g/l sucrose and 0.75 mg/l kinetin.
Features of the daily dynamics of trophic activity of various types of blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) in the south of Tyumen region
Authors: Khlyzova T. A.
Published: August 2018

We conducted research on the determination of the daily activity of blood-sucking mosquitoes of the family Culicidae in 2005–2015 in the south of Tyumen region in three climatic zones (subzones): the subzone of the southern taiga (Nizhnetavdinsky district), the subzone of aspen-birch forests (Tyumen and Yalutorovsky districts) and in the forest-steppe zone (Isetsky district). In each of the three subzones, counts were conducted twice for the summer season – in June and July. A high number of blood-sucking mosquitoes in the south of the Tyumen region have 24-hour activity. The maximum number in all natural and climatic zones of the region is observed at 23 hours. The daily rhythm of activity of certain species of mosquitoes depends on their abundance in the summer season and on their ecological characteristics. The optimal meteorological conditions under which an active flight of mosquitoes are observed: air temperature 12.6–26.0 °C, relative humidity of air – 54–100% and illuminance – 0–8600 lux. In studying the circadian rhythm, 29 mosquito species of the family Culicidae, belonging to 6 genera: Anopheles, Culiseta, Coquillettidia, Aedes, Ochlerotatus and Culex, were recorded. In the subzone of the southern taiga, we recorded a flight of 25 species, in the subzone of small-leaved aspen-birch forests – 20, and in the forest-steppe zone – 24. The peak of species diversity in all three subzones coincided with the maximum number. All registered species in terms of temperature preferences (thermophilicity) can be conditionally divided into two groups. The first group (10 species) are species that actively attack at a temperature 10–20 °C. The second group (19 species) are species that actively attack at an air temperature 10–30 °C.
Agroecological and agroeconomic aspects of the grain and grain legumes (pulses) yield dynamic within the Dnipropetrovsk region (period 1966–2016)
Authors: Zhukov O. V. , Pelina T. O. , Demchuk O. M. , Demchuk N. I. , Koberniuk S. O.
Published: August 2018

This paper reveals the spatial and temporal patterns of grain and leguminous crops yield dynamics in Dnipropetrovsk region and evaluates the role of agro-environmental and agro-economic factors in their formation. Crop data were obtained from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The data of the grain and grain legumes (pulses) yield during 1966–2016 on average per year in the administrative districts of Dnipropetrovsk region was analysed. The obtained data indicate that average yields of cereals and leguminous crops within Dnipropetrovsk region varies from 24.3 to 33.4 CWT/ha. The smallest interannual variability in yield is typical for Vasylkivskyi district (CV = 9.9%), and the largest is typical for Yurivskyi district (CV = 27.7%). As a result of the principal component analysis of the cereals and leguminous crops yields variability, three principal components were extracted which together explain 81.2% of the overall yield variability. Principal component 1 explains 69.4% of the total variability. It indicates the total synchronous yields variation within the area investigated as all examined variables have high loading values on principal component 1. The administrative districts that form a belt located in the direction from the north east to the south west of the region have the most coordinated variance, which is reflected by principal component 1. Principal component 2 explains 6.8% of the yield variability. This principal component is sensitive to opposite yield dynamics of central and south-western districts on the one hand and the eastern and northern districts – on the other. Principal component 3 explains 4.9% of the yield variability. This principal component reveals the opposite dynamics of productivity of the central districts on the one hand and the northern and south-eastern districts on the other. The cluster analysis of administrative districts was conducted based on the dynamics of the yield of grain and leguminous as a result of which four clusters were identified. The clusters are geographically defined administrative districts, together forming spatially connected areas. The similar temporal yield dynamics of grain and leguminous crops as a result of interaction between endogenous and exogenous ecological factors is the main principle for revealling such ecologically homogeneous territories. Spatial distribution of principal components indicates a continual pattern, but their overlapping allows one to extract spatially discrete units, which we identified as agroecological zones. Each zone is characterized by a certain character and dynamics of production capacity and has an invariant pattern of response to varying climatic, environmental, and agroeconomic factors.
Organization of supervisory bases by Оdessa Astronomical Observatory in the highlands of the USSR
Authors: Grushitska I. B.
Published: August 2018

In the article, based on the analysis of archival sources, the questions of organizing the observational bases of the Odessa Astronomical Observatory in the high mountainous regions of the USSR in the 70s of the 20th century were considered with the aim of carrying out research in the field of fundamental spectrophotometry of stars. The leading role in the organization and deployment of these studies by V.P. Tsezevich, M.S. Komarov, V.A. Pozigun was noted.
The modern philosophy of history: historical-anthropological problematics
Authors: Aytov Sp. Sh.
Published: August 2018

This article is devoted to the analysis of the formation of the cognitive perspective of the historical-anthropological dimension of modern philosophy of history. The influence of the mentioned problem field on the development of intellectual directions of modern philosophical and historical studios was studied.
Interculturalidad y multiculturalidad en las humanidades: entre política y ciencia
Authors: Sarmento Clara
Published: August 2018

Este artículo aborda el concepto de la interculturalidad en las humanidades como movimiento, comunicación y dinámica, con el propósito de discutir sus consecuencias pragmáticas en el mundo académico y la sociedad. Nos proponemos examinar algunas prácticas y estrategias de interacción cultural, en su movimiento perpetuo, en una indefinición peligrosa pero estimulante de límites. En la diversidad cultural contemporánea, pasado y presente, global y local, convergen en el análisis de conceptos y objetos estrechamente relacionados con transformaciones políticas, económicas, sociales y culturales en curso. La investigación científica es también un área de intersecciones, de traducción cultural permanente, es decir, de reinterpretación, de reposicionamiento de los símbolos y signos dentro de las jerarquías existentes. Esta reflexión sobre la interculturalidad en las humanidades favorece interpretaciones contextualizadas que, en su incertidumbre, producen nuevas hipótesis, teorías yexplicaciones.***Interculturalidade e multiculturalidade nas humanidades: entre política e ciência***Este artigo aborda o conceito de interculturalidade nas humanidades enquanto movimento, comunicação e dinâmica, com o objetivo de discutir as suas consequências pragmáticas no mundo acadêmico e na sociedade. Pretendemos examinar algumas práticas e estratégias de interação cultural, no seu movimento perpétuo, numa indefinição tão perigosa quanto livre de fronteiras. Na diversidade cultural contemporânea, passado e presente, global e local, convergem na análise de conceitos e objetos estreitamente relacionados com as transformações políticas, econômicas, sociais e culturais em curso. A pesquisacientífica também é uma área de interseções, de tradução cultural permanente, isto é, de reinterpretação, de reposicionamento de símbolos e sinais dentro das hierarquias existentes. Essa reflexão sobre a interculturalidade nas humanidades favorece interpretações contextualizadas que, na sua incerteza, produzem novas hipóteses, teorias e explicações.
Dança e identidade nacional na imprensa carioca do início do século XX: diálogos culturais e relações étnicas e de gênero
Authors: Carloni Karla
Published: August 2018

A partir do exame de registros imagéticos e textuais presentes na imprensa carioca, o artigo analisa as práticas de danças sociais na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, durante as três primeiras décadas do século XX. Tendo como pressuposto a compreensão do corpo enquanto espaço de realização política e um importante meio de experiência e comunicação com o mundo, três temas são tratados: a tentativa de intelectuais brasileiros de definirem a identidade nacional por meio da analogia entre o caráter de um povo e as suas manifestações rítmicas; os diálogos transculturais entre ritmos e danças das Américas, da Europa e da África nos salões e palcos da capital do país; e, por fim, a formulação de diferentes perfis sociais, mais ou menos transgressores, por meio da prática da dança. Neste contexto, a dança revela-se como um meio de elaboração de identidade étnica, social e de gênero, sendo, ao mesmo tempo, alvo de discursos idealizados, racistas e moralizantes.
“Un instante de peligro”: biografía de un militante revolucionario
Authors: Moreno Eduard Esteban
Published: August 2018

***“Um instante de perigo”: biografia de um militante revolucionário***Schmidt, Benito Bisso. Flavio Koutzii: biografia de um militante revolucionário de 1943 a 1984. Porto Alegre: Libretos, 2017.
A internet em McLuhan, Baudrillard e Habermas
Authors: Moreno José Carlos
Published: August 2018

Habermas, Baudrillard e McLuhan representam três das principais linhas científicas de análise global do fenómeno dos media e da sua interacção com a sociedade. No entanto, qualquer dessas análises é anterior à emergência da internet como meio massivo de distribuição de informação, com as manifestações que conhecemos hoje. O objectivo deste trabalho é analisar de que forma a internet actual se inscreve, ou não, nas teses de cada um desses autores, através do mapeamento das suas teses e das dos seus sucessores; e perceber se as características da internet obrigaram à revisão das teses desses autores, pelos próprios ou pelos seus sucessores. Examinaremos, por ordem cronológica, as teses de Marshal McLuhan, Jean Braudrillard e Jürgen Habermas, confrontaremos as teorias de cada um deles com os desafios que hoje lhes coloca a internet e, por fim, procuraremos tirar conclusões sobre se a manifestação social actual da internet obrigou ou não a uma revisão das teses de cada um.
Clinicopathological and Molecular Characterization of Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors with Prolonged Benefit to Frontline Imatinib
Authors: Serrano César , García-del-Muro Xavier , Valverde Claudia , Sebio Ana , Durán José , Manzano Aránzazu , Pajares Isabel , Hindi Nadia , Landolfi Stefania , Jiménez Laura , Rubió-Casadevall Jordi , Estival Anna , Lavernia Javier , Safont María José , Pericay Carles , Díaz-Beveridge Roberto , Martínez-Marín Virginia , Vicente-Baz David , Vivancos Ana , Hernández-Losa Javier , Arribas Joaquín , Carles Joan
Published: August 2018

Background

Oncogenic KIT/PDGFRA signaling inhibition with imatinib achieves disease control in most patients with advanced/metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), but resistance eventually develops after 20–24 months. Notably, a small subset of these patients obtain durable benefit from imatinib therapy.

Methods

We analyzed clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics and long-term outcomes in patients with metastatic GIST treated with continuous daily dosing of frontline imatinib in a cohort of patients benefiting for ≥5 years. A control group was obtained from the national Spanish Group for Sarcoma Research database and used as comparator.

Results

Sixty-four imatinib long-term responders (LTRs) and 70 control cases were identified. Compared with controls, LTRs at baseline had better performance status (PS) 0–1 (100% vs. 81%), lower mitotic count (median, 8 vs. 15), and tumor burden (number of metastases, 3 vs. 7). KIT exon 11 was the only region found mutated in LTRs. LTRs achieved 34% complete responses and a median progression-free survival of 11 years, compared with 4% and 2 years, respectively, in the control cohort. Prognostic factors that independently predicted long-term benefit with imatinib were PS, number of metastases prior to imatinib, and response to imatinib. Fifteen LTR patients developed new side effects attributable to imatinib after ≥5 years of continuous treatment. No resistance mutations were found in metastatic samples from three patients progressing on imatinib.

Conclusion

GISTs in LTRs are a distinctive entity with less aggressive behavior and marked sensitivity to KIT inhibition. Patients reaching 5 or more years on imatinib have a higher chance of remaining progression free over time.
Energy recovery from municipal wastewater: impacts of temperature and collection systems
Authors: Gao Mengjiao , Zhang Lei , Zhang Huixin , Florentino Anna Patrícya , Liu Yang
Published: August 2018

Municipal wastewater contains valuable organic contents that can be recovered as energy through anaerobic digestion. The operating temperature impacts the design and performance of anaerobic digestion systems and can be selected to accommodate different geographical zones, from tropical to frigid. Here the biological methane potential (BMP) and the effect of temperature on methane production are compared for municipal wastewater collected from different collection systems, including source-diverted toilet wastewater (i.e. blackwater) and conventionally collected sewage. The sewage and blackwater collections were performed in Canada. BMP tests were conducted at 20 and 35°C. The BMPs of municipal sewage and water-wasting toilet (6–9 l per toilet flush) blackwater were comparable at 20 and 35°C. Water-conserving toilet (1 l per toilet flush) blackwater had lower BMP than municipal sewage and water-wasting toilet blackwater at 35°C, due to FA inhibition. Under the lower-temperature condition (20°C), although no apparent inhibition in the methanogenic process was observed for water-conserving toilet blackwater, a much lower hydrolysis rate was observed.
Development of a Conceptual Model of Wellness Tourism: Focused on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Perspectives
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Yu Sook-Hee , Lee Hoon
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study was to define wellness tourism from a philosophical and theoretical background on wellness, to clarify the categories of wellness tourism, and to draw its conceptual model. For that purpose, the relationship with related concepts such as medical tourism, healing tourism, and spiritual tourism in the category of health tourism for health enhancement was defined, and the category of wellness tourism was illustrated. Wellness is a new paradigm for health, a process of realizing its potential as a state of integrated physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and social health, and can be defined as a lifestyle to reach an ultimate optimal state of well-being. Therefore, wellness can be seen as a general self-concept of health as a higher-level concept that integrates the domain of health. Wellness tourism is widely considered as a subfield of health tourism, a form of special interest tourism for health motivation. It can also be narrowly defined as a tourism activity that enhances health through physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and social wellness enhancement and excludes medical tourism focused on the treatment of diseases. Wellness tourism can be a wellness lifestyle to reach an optimal state of well-being through not only hedonic experiences of physical health promotion, relaxation, and stress reduction, but also eudaimonic experiences of reflecting on life, the restoration of social relationships, and interaction with nature.
Gestão do açude José Rodrigues, uma alternativa para mitigar a escassez hídrica no Distrito de Galante
Authors: ANDRADE Lazaro Ramom dos Santos , LYRA Jéssica Morais Braga , SOARES Jane Arimércia Siqueira
Published: August 2018

Resumo - O presente trabalho teve como objetivo contribuir para o debate acerca da problemática gerada em torno da gestão da água e aplicação de políticas públicas de gerenciamento que sirvam para mitigar as condições críticas de abastecimento público de água no Distrito de Galante. Quanto a metodologia, caracterizou-se pelo tipo qualitativo e, conforme objetivos tratou-se de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva. No que diz respeito a análise de resultados, tratou-se de pesquisa explicativa e interpretativa dos fenômenos observados a partir da coleta de dados primários e secundários. Constatou-se que a diminuição no volume de água do açude implicou em um racionamento de seis dias para a população, ocasionando um aumento no comercio de água e medidas emergenciais de construção de cisternas e poços. Portanto, conclui-se que a análise dos conflitos socioeconômicos e ambientais da região em estudo, permitiu a identificação de falta de interesse do poder público na promoção de políticas de gestão para tornar a micro bacia do açude José Rodrigues como a fonte principal de abastecimento do Distrito.
Effect of irrigation with saline water on the organic cultivation of arugula
Authors: Reis Ligia Sampaio , Dias Mirandy Santos , Oliveira Bruno Ramon da Silva , Silva José Felipe Bezerra , Silva Valdeí Marcelino , Santos Rilbson Henrique Silva
Published: August 2018

Resumo - O uso de água salina na produção de hortaliças é um dos principais desafios de pesquisadores e produtores rurais, visto que o estresse salino é um dos maiores problemas abióticos que causam diminuição na produção e rendimento de culturas. Em vista dessa afirmativa o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da salinidade na água de irrigação para a cultura da rúcula em cultivo orgânico. O delineamento experimental adotado o foi o inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos e 5 repetições, os tratamentos foram cinco níveis de salinidade, onde: T1 (0,5 dS m-1), T2 (1,5 dS m-1), T3 (2,5 dS m-1), T4 (3,5 dS m-1), e T5 (4,5 dS m-1). Realizou-se a colheita ao 43 dia após a semeadura e avaliou-se as seguintes variáveis: Área foliar, altura das plantas, matéria fresca da parte aérea e número de folhas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a variedade de rúcula APRECIATTA é tolerante a 0,5 dS m-1, apresentando 100% da produção, e com o aumento da salinidade proporcionou decréscimos em todos os componentes de produção da cultura da rúcula, consequentemente afetando a produção.
Geotecnologias e Estudos Ambientais: Conceitos e Aplicações
Authors: Seabra Vinicius Da Silva
Published: August 2018

Alguns problemas são colocados à discussão quando utilizamos os mapas no processo de investigação ambiental. O emprego incorreto de alguns conceitos e/ou técnicas cartográficas podem nos levar a representações equivocadas da superfície terrestre, resultando muitas vezes em interpretações errôneas dos fenômenos ou processos presentes no espaço geográfico. Neste contexto discutem-se os problemas de escala, os problemas de projeção e os problemas decorrentes da utilização de símbolos. O surgimento de novas tecnologias relacionadas à aquisição e manipulação de dados da superfície terrestre, destacadamente os sistemas de informação geográfica, o sensoriamento remoto em base orbital e o GPS (Global Position System), trouxeram a tona novas discussões conceituais quanto aos métodos de construção de mapas.O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os problemas decorrentes da representação da informação cartográfica, e suas implicações para a investigação ambiental, dando maior ênfase à discussão dos problemas relacionados à escala e suas novas concepções.