bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Member Countries' Level of Commitment to BRICS
Authors: do Vale Helder Ferreira , de Ana da Silva Laurisabel Maria , Soto Raianna Morais
Published: December 2024

The BRICS's countries are not equally committed to the alliance. As the alliance works to influence global norms and dynamics, it has become evident that the original members have diverse goals and interests, resulting in differing levels of commitment to BRICS. The chapter seeks to analyze the level of commitment of the BRICS' countries by measuring four critical variables in each country – socioeconomic well-being, soft power, external vulnerabilities, and capacity to preserve the environment. Once measured, each of these variables are compared across the five original member countries to determine the level of commitment of each country to BRICS. The results indicate that Brazil has a significant level of commitment, followed by China with a moderate-high level. Next in line are India, Russia, and South Africa, all exhibiting a moderate-low level of commitment. These findings demonstrate how the structural and institutional backdrop of each country influences their strategies and dynamics of a budding alliance.
China's Strategic Influence and Rivalries in Southeast Asia
Authors: Htwe Tin Maung
Published: December 2024

Southeast Asia (SEA) has emerged as a critical battleground for global powers . China, US and BRIC are playing a central role in shaping the geopolitical dynamics of region. As the largest economy within BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), China leverages its economic statecraft through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnerships to solidify its influence in SEA region. Framed by its strategic competition with the United States, India and the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD), the role of China presence in Southeast Asia as mutipolars. This paper explores China's geopolitical strategy to highlight its use of economic diplomacy, infrastructure development and bilatral agreements to foster regional dominance. The responses of Southeast Asian nations have adopted hedging strategies to balance economic ties with China while maintaining security relationships with the U.S. and other powers.
India and China's Economic Trends
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Shivani Anil , Gupta Anish , Kumar T. K. Sateesh , Thomas Lijo P. , Thomas Juby , Menon Vishnu Achutha
Published: December 2024

BRICS alliance: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa unite as major emerging economies with global influence and economic strength. They advocate for inclusive growth, sustainable development, and reforms in global financial institutions. Annual summits promote economic collaboration and social development. India and China, prominent BRICS members, feature distinct economic models—China state-driven, India market-oriented—impacting global markets and policies. ARIMA models analyze GDP, GDP per capita, and Gross National Income trends in both countries. India uses simpler ARIMA(0,2,1) models for stable trends, while China employs more complex ARIMA(2,2,2) for volatile data. Comparable accuracy underscores ARIMA's utility in economic forecasting, aiding policymaking, investment strategies, and academic research.
Circular Economy in Tourism Industry
Authors: Sharma Vandana , Bumra Chinu , Vats Vidhu
Published: December 2024

The linear economy of today does not maximize resources or encourage their recycling, reuse, or healing. Therefore, enhancement of interest can be seen in the idea of the Circular Economy (CE) and between the relationship of global stakeholders and policymakers. Accepting a circular economy approach offerings an opportunity for tourism businesses to enhance their innovation and achieve resource efficiency through a system extensive approach. The existing article deals with the transition to a new economic model i.e., the circular economy, a more suited model for the current tendencies that confirm to the sustainable economic process. Given the planet's finite, but particularly non-regenerative, resources, there is currently rising worry about the detrimental effects of human activity on the ecosystem. Consequently, sustainable development turns into a style of rational and doing for the populace and the commercial environment, and in this regard, clearly defined guidelines and measures intended to guarantee environmental preservation are required.
Shaping the Future of Education and the Futures of Learning Spaces in the Philippines Beyond 2050
Authors: Maming Jimmy , Toring Eugene Escalona , Nuevo-Toring Kimberly Cui
Published: December 2024

The foreseeable future educational environment in the Philippines is influenced by a complex interaction of elements such as technical improvements, shifts in population, economic expansion, and social changes. As we move beyond 2050, it is vital to conceive and investigate creative learning environments that promote innovation, analytical thinking, and lifelong education. This article investigates the Philippines' problems and prospects for building innovative learning spaces. It emphasizes the importance of fair opportunity for technological advances, training for educators, and suitable infrastructure. The report also looks at upcoming themes including individualized instruction, blended education, learning through experience, and lifelong learning.
The Effect of Experiment Videos Supported by Case Studies on High School Students' Environmental Awareness
Authors: Tunçay Gamze , Güçlü Zeynep Melike , Oskay Özge Özyalçin
Published: December 2024

In 2015, the United Nations set the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to address global challenges like poverty, inequality, health, education, and climate change. One key goal is quality education, aiming to provide free, equitable, and high-quality education for all. This study focused on improving environmental awareness and educational equality by using technology in schools without laboratories. A booklet with YouTube links and QR codes for experiments was developed, enabling 475 students across four cities to access experiment videos. Results showed a significant increase in students' environmental awareness and contributed to equal learning opportunities.
Research on the Training of Broadcasting and Hosting Talents in Colleges and Universities Based on SARIMA-BP Prediction Model
Authors: Zhou Yang
Published: December 2024

In order to improve the employment adaptability of students majoring in broadcasting and hosting in colleges and universities, a prediction model is constructed by combining intelligent Seasonal AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) and Back Propagation Neural network (BPNN) in this study. This paper first analyzes the crisis faced by broadcasting professionals, and on this basis, SARIMA-BPNN model to analyze the demand of broadcasting professionals, taking Root Mean Squared Error as the evaluation index. The RMSE index value is 5.012, which shows that the SARIMA-BPNN model has a good prediction effect. Finally, this study predicts the changing trend of social demand for broadcasting talents, and then puts forward suggestions for the training of broadcasting host talents in colleges and universities to help promote the development of the training of broadcasting host talents in colleges and universities.
Meta-Entrepreneurship
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Siau Keng
Published: December 2024

Metaverse entrepreneurship has emerged as an innovative topic alongside the development of generative AI, agentic AI and metaverse. This study conceptualizes meta-entrepreneurship as a novel form of entrepreneurial activity that enables value creation within virtual and physical realms and proposes an analytical theoretical framework based on a systematic literature review, observations, and focus group study. Our framework is structured around three layers (infrastructure, content, and experience) and two domains (metaverse-based operational domain and AI-based production domain), aims to conceptualize “what is meta-entrepreneurship” and identify new possibilities. The research highlights the multifaceted impact of meta-entrepreneurship on individuals, corporations, industries, societies, and countries. Further, we delineate three pathways to achieve meta-entrepreneurship, analyze nine critical challenges, and propose potential future research directions to contribute to the theoretical foundation of this emerging field.
Utilization of Silica from Palm Ash Waste as an Abrasive Material in Brake Friction Composite
Authors: Nawangsari Putri , Dedi Rosa Putra Cupu , Fatra Warman , Masnur Dedy
Published: December 2024

The silica element in palm ash has the potential to be an alternative source of silica material to replace mineral silica, making it more environmentally friendly and reducing production costs. This research aims to utilize silica from palm ash waste as an abrasive material in brake friction composites. The silica from palm ash was isolated by a leaching process using 1 M HCl solution at a temperature of 70 °C for 90 minutes. Isolated silica was then characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The composition of silica was varied by volume fraction (0, 2, 4, and 6%). The mixing process of the powder mixture was conducted using a chopper mixer for 5 minutes, The powder mixture is then hot compressed using uniaxial hot pressing at a pressure of 47 MPa and a temperature of 165 °C for 15 minutes. Post-curing of the samples was carried out at a temperature of 165 °C for 10 hours. The samples were characterized by density, porosity, hardness R-scale, friction coefficient, and specific wear rate. The research results showed that the palm ash was successfully purified with a silica content of 27.3% to 57.2%. Increasing volume fraction of palm ash silica decreases in density and hardness, while porosity increases. The sample with 4% volume of palm ash silica exhibited better friction performance and a lower specific wear rate. Palm ash silica has the potential to replace the silica mineral for brake friction composites.
Removing Oil from Produced Water Using Electrochemical Method
Authors: Monnuch Napattra , Tantichaipakorn Pichan , Kittipoomwong Prakorn
Published: December 2024

Extracting oil and gas results in a significant byproduct called produced water, which contains a mix of oil, water, and various chemicals. Removing the oil from this wastewater is essential to minimize its environmental and health impacts. Traditional methods like chemical treatments and gravity separation are time-consuming and require a lot of space, so it's important to explore alternative approaches. The oil removal efficiency, measured as the percentage of the amount of oil removed from produced water after electrochemical treatment, is used as a benchmark. Initially, the oil removal efficiency increases rapidly with treatment time but eventually levels off at around 15 minutes. Aluminum electrodes outperform iron electrodes, reaching a maximum oil removal efficiency of about 88%. Moreover, when the electrochemical method was used directly on produced water from drilling sites, it achieved an impressive oil removal efficiency of over 95%.
Understanding ministerial accountability in the New Pentecostal Prophetic churches
Authors: Letswalo Sello E. , Naidoo Marilyn
Published: December 2024

Within churches, congregational health and well-being require not only efficient church leadership, but also prudent church management. Good leadership structures influence governance and ministry tasks, and the awareness of accountability is a vital concept within organisations. It shapes the entire managerial progression influencing values, objectives and practices. This article reports on a study to establish the understanding of ministerial accountability in the New Prophetic Pentecostal churches. Findings reveal a unique understanding of leaders’ personal accountability, communal and cultural ministry practices and public accountability towards the broader community. This article speaks to the normative task of the Church and creates a new reflection on ministerial accountability and ethical practices as well as implications for congregational development broadly.Contribution: This article highlights findings on how New Prophetic Pentecostal churches understand the concept of ministerial accountability with limited literature on the topic. Gaining insight into the African cultural heritage and values when examining the neo-Pentecostal perspective will enhance the understanding regarding their beliefs and principles.
Unimpaired vision is an indispensable prerequisite for safe driving
Authors: Finsterer Josef
Published: December 2024

N/A
The Impact of Pre- and Post-operative Education on the Outcomes of Paediatric Surgery Patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam Mohammed , Alzedany Sukaina Kamal , Alkhonizy Sarah Wadea , Emam Razan Omar , Alluwya Saeed Abdullah , Alessa Fatima Ismail , Aljefri Shatha Hassan , Alshehri Renad Mohammed , Albinsaad Loai Saleh
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The objectives of this study were to assess the level of pre- and post-operative education received by paediatric surgery patients and their caregivers in Saudi Arabia and to examine the association between pre- and post-operative education and post-operative outcomes of paediatric surgery patients. Furthermore, our study aimed to explore the factors influencing the effectiveness of pre- and post-operative education in improving patient outcomes and to propose recommendations for optimising pre- and post-operative education programmes for paediatric surgery patients in Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:

To achieve the study objectives, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in multiple hospitals in Saudi Arabia on a convenience sample of paediatric surgery patients and their caregivers. The data were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires assessing the level of pre- and post-operative education, patient outcomes and satisfaction. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 28.0. The relationships between variables were explored using linear regression, establishing associations between pre-operative education and post-operative outcomes. Multivariate linear regression examined factors influencing pre-operative education.

Results:

The study included 1170 participants from various demographic backgrounds in Saudi Arabia. The age distribution of participants was as follows: 18–24 years (18.7%), 25–34 years (8.4%), 35–44 years (29.0%), 45–64 years (36.4%), 65 years (3.7%) and under 18 years (0.9%). The gender distribution was nearly balanced with 45.8% of females and 51.4% of males. The majority of participants held a bachelor’s degree (55.1%). The majority (82.2%) of participants lived in urban areas. This study found a positive association between comprehensive pre- and post-operative education and improved patient outcomes, including reduced post-operative complications and higher satisfaction scores. Pre-operative education played a significant role in alleviating concerns or fears about the surgery (86.9%) and in helping participants understand their child’s recovery process (86.9%).

Conclusion:

The study findings highlight the effects of pre- and post-operative education outcomes on paediatric surgery patients in Saudi Arabia. The results demonstrated the significance of pre- and post-operative education in reducing parental anxiety and concerns about their child’s surgery, promoting recovery understanding and enhancing patient satisfaction. Improving the quality of care and education is recommended to decrease complication and enhance surgery outcomes.
Autism Spectrum Disorder in Saudi Arabian Children: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Aleid Kawthar Mohammed , Ismail Gawaher Mohammed , Alhawsawi Kawther Ibrahim , Aljudayba Reham Mousa , Alshammari Reef , Akoor Futon , Alkhars Ola
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The study begins by contextualising autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition that significantly impacts children’s social communication, interests and behaviours, with varying severity among individuals. The significance of early detection, as emphasised by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5, is highlighted, establishing the foundation for the study. The research aims to address the knowledge gap regarding the prevalence and risk factors of ASD in Saudi Arabia, a region where such data have been notably lacking. This is set against the backdrop of global trends in ASD awareness and diagnosis, with specific focus on the increased prevalence rates in the Middle East and Africa.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study design was employed across the various regions of Saudi Arabia, including North, South, East, West and Central provinces. The study population consisted of the Saudi general public from diverse regions, socioeconomic backgrounds and educational levels. A cluster random sampling method was used, with the sample size determined by statistical power analysis and the Rao-Soft program. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire in Arabic, which included socio-demographic items and questions related to the study hypotheses. The study also involved a pilot study to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaires.

Results:

The study revealed a range of challenges and characteristics associated with ASD. Among the parents surveyed, 2.3% rated their child’s overall health as fair and 0.9% as poor. A small percentage of children were reported to never engage in social activities. Significant findings included a high prevalence of repetitive behaviours and communication difficulties in children. The study also noted sensory sensitivities in a considerable portion of the children. A notable finding was the association of ASD with maternal age, especially in older age groups, and family history, suggesting a genetic component to the disorder.

Conclusion:

This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence and risk factors of ASD in Saudi Arabian children. The findings emphasise the need for early intervention and tailored support, especially for children with a familial predisposition to ASD. The research highlights the importance of considering both genetic and environmental factors in ASD risk assessments and intervention strategies. It contributes significantly to the field, particularly in improving patient care and facilitating early intervention strategies for affected children, thereby addressing a critical research gap and potentially influencing global perspectives on ASD research and intervention.
Epidemiology and Clinical Profiles of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Diverse Age Groups at Saudi Emergency Departments: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Aleid Mohammed Sami , Alshammari Nafea Abdullah , Almobarak Rahaf Fadil , Al-Umran Mariam Radhi , Alharbi Sultan Fahad , Alasfoor Faris Bader , Alqahtani Thekra Saeed , Alali Zainab Abdulhadi , Albinsaad Loai Saleh
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a significant cardiovascular event with varying epidemiological patterns and in-hospital outcomes worldwide. Understanding these patterns is essential for optimising patient care and healthcare resource allocation. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological variation and in-hospital outcomes of AMI in a tertiary centre in Saudi Arabia. By examining a diverse cohort of AMI patients, we seek to address the unique characteristics and challenges associated with AMI in this region and contribute to the existing knowledge of AMI epidemiology.

Methods:

This observational study employed a retrospective cohort design, drawing data from a tertiary centre in Saudi Arabia. The study included a diverse group of AMI patients, and eligibility criteria were carefully defined to ensure the inclusion of relevant cases. Detailed data were collected, encompassing patient demographics, medical histories, clinical presentations and outcomes during hospitalisation. Robust statistical analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between demographic factors, medical histories and in-hospital outcomes amongst AMI patients. The study design and data collection methods aimed to provide an informative and balanced summary of what was done and what was found.

Results:

The analysis revealed a wide range of epidemiological variations in the presentation and outcomes of AMI amongst patients in Saudi Arabia. Notably, demographic factors such as age, gender and comorbidities were found to significantly impact the severity and prognosis of AMI cases. In addition, the study identified specific medical histories that played a crucial role in influencing the in-hospital outcomes of AMI patients. These results underscore the importance of early diagnosis, risk factor management and tailored interventions in improving the prognosis and outcomes for AMI patients in Saudi Arabia.

Conclusion:

This comprehensive analysis sheds light on the complex epidemiological patterns and in-hospital outcomes of AMI in a tertiary centre in Saudi Arabia. The findings emphasise the need for a nuanced approach to AMI management, considering the unique characteristics of the local population. This research contributes significantly to the existing body of knowledge and serves as a call to action for healthcare professionals, policymakers and researchers to collaborate in enhancing the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AMI in Saudi Arabia. It also highlights the importance of targeted interventions based on demographic and medical history factors to improve the outcomes of AMI patients in this region.
Ayurveda management in terminally sick patients of hepatocellular carcinoma: A case series
Authors: Panda Ashok Kumar , Pattnaik Premananda
Published: December 2024

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The traditional system of medicines is gaining momentum with increasing acceptance in the management of various pathologies; HCC is also one among such ones. Still, there is no consensus on the Ayurveda treatment algorithm for hepatocellular cancer. This case series is intended to provide evidence of the efficacy of Ayurveda treatment protocol for patients diagnosed with HCC. The case series presents four diagnosed cases of HCC, who were evaluated through pretreatment and during treatment assessment through laboratory data, patient performance status, Child–Pugh Scale, and the Barcelona clinic’s Liver cancer staging system. The survival outcome, i.e., the time from initiation of Ayurveda medication until death was noted for all the cases. An Ayurveda treatment regimen was prepared from conventional practices and administrated to four cases of advanced HCC. The Ayurveda intervention increased the survival time more than the predicted survival time irrespective of etiology, without the contemporary chemotherapy medications, and patient performance status in all four cases. However, hepatitis B virus-infected patients had less survival time than HCC manifested from alcoholic cirrhosis. These preliminary observations have brought an idea about the positive effects of Ayurveda interventions in terminal HCC patients. Further studies are recommended to prepare the Ayurveda treatment algorithm for hepatocellular cancer.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis as a Presenting Manifestation of Tuberculosis: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Singhal Anuj , Sankar J , Kumar Rajiv , Tripathi Preeti , Kumar Pavan , Dewan Kritika
Published: December 2024

We highlight two adult cases of secondary HLH triggered by mycobacterium tuberculosis. The first case, a 68-year-old succumbed to his illness due to lack of a definitive ante mortem diagnosis and rapid disease progression. In contrast, the second patient received a rapid evaluation and prompt diagnosis, with timely initiation of ATT and complete recovery. Both patients had evidence of disseminated tuberculosis with involvement of multiple organs, including the lungs, pleura, spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Prompt recognition and treatment of tuberculosis in patients with HLH are vital to prevent rapid disease progression and reduce mortality that to in developing countries like India where tuberculosis is more prevalent.
Fatal familial insomnia: Reporting a case of the rare nightmare
Authors: Hogue E , Weinberg D , Palecek E
Published: December 2024

Prion diseases are rare, incurable, and rapidly progressive. Pathogenic misfolded proteins accumulate in the central nervous system causing fatal neurodegeneration. Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is an even rarer, hereditary subset of prion disease. The initial clinical course is nonspecific, leading to difficulties with diagnosis. We describe a patient with a family history of prion disease who presented with early symptoms of FFI including disordered sleep, cognitive dysfunction, and autonomic dysregulation. Notably, diagnostic studies including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and electroencephalography (EEG) did not show changes characteristic of prion disease. However, genetic testing showed a pathological, heterozygous mutation c.532G> A (p.Asp178Asn), confirming FFI. His clinical course progressed rapidly, and death occurred several months after the initial hospital presentation. We discuss the pathophysiology and diagnosis of FFI and the emotional care required to treat this fatal disease. General practitioners should be aware of this rare diagnosis to improve patient management.
p-Adic quotient sets: Linear recurrence sequences with reducible characteristic polynomials
Authors: Antony Deepa , Barman Rupam
Published: December 2024

Let
$(x_n)_{n\geq 0}$
be a linear recurrence sequence of order
$k\geq 2$
satisfying
$$ \begin{align*}x_n=a_1x_{n-1}+a_2x_{n-2}+\dots+a_kx_{n-k}\end{align*} $$
for all integers
$n\geq k$
, where
$a_1,\dots ,a_k,x_0,\dots , x_{k-1}\in \mathbb {Z},$
with
$a_k\neq 0$
. In 2017, Sanna posed an open question to classify primes p for which the quotient set of
$(x_n)_{n\geq 0}$
is dense in
$\mathbb {Q}_p$
. In a recent paper, we showed that if the characteristic polynomial of the recurrence sequence has a root
$\pm \alpha $
, where
$\alpha $
is a Pisot number and if p is a prime such that the characteristic polynomial of the recurrence sequence is irreducible in
$\mathbb {Q}_p$
, then the quotient set of
$(x_n)_{n\geq 0}$
is dense in
$\mathbb {Q}_p$
. In this article, we answer the problem for certain linear recurrence sequences whose characteristic polynomials are reducible over 
$\mathbb {Q}$
.
Comparison of Growth Performance and Smoltification of Triploid and Diploid Black Sea Trout (Salmo labrax) in Freshwater and Seawater
Authors: Çimagil Recayi , Delihasan Sonay Fatma
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance and smoltification process of triploid Black Sea trout, produced using the pressure shock method. Length, weight, survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), feed conversion rate (FCR), haematological parameters (WBC, LYM, MID, GRAN, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCH, MCHC, PLT, MPV, PDW), stress responses (cortisol and glucose values), osmoregulatory capacity indicators, Ca, Cl, Na, and K levels in blood serum were examined. The triploid groups showed higher length, weight and specific growth rate in both freshwater and seawater with a salinity of 18 ‰ (P<0.05). After a 90-day growth period, the best growth performance was seen in triploid freshwater group with the mean initial lenght of 13.60±0.06 cm and weight of 26.60±0.45 g. The final length, weight and specific growth rate of this group were 22.10±0.21 cm, 139.32±3.35 g and 1.84±0.13, respectively. Temporal changes in blood Ca, Cl, Na, and K ion levels in blood, cortisol and glucose levels showed that the adaptation ability of triploid fish to seawater might be different from that of diploids. The cortisol values of triploid groups were lower than that of diploid groups in freshwater but higher in seawater, while glucose values showed fluctuations between groups during the whole study period (P<0.05). Ca reached the highest values in triploid freshwater group on day 17, Cl in diploid and triploid seawater groups on day 24 and Na in triploid seawater group on day 17 (P<0.05). K value showed no statistical difference between the groups throughout the study. Understanding the physiological and biological responses of fish to environmental changes during seawater transition and adaptation is expected to enhance the survival and growth performance of diploid and triploid Black Sea trout.
Lipid levels and insulin resistance markers in patients with colorectal cancer: Propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Hu Ren-Hao , Yan Dong-Yi , Zhang Ke-Hui , Zhang Di , Cui Xi-Mao , Jiang Xiao-Hua , Zhang Shun
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignant neoplasm characterized by subtle early manifestations.

AIM

To investigate the correlation among serum lipid profiles, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and the atherosclerotic index (AI) in patients with CRC. Furthermore, it explored the clinical diagnostic utility of combining serum lipids with cancer antigens in the context of CRC.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis encompassed 277 patients with CRC and 1034 healthy individuals.

RESULTS

Following propensity score matching, patients with CRC exhibited significantly reduced levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as a diminished TyG index. Conversely, they displayed elevated AI levels compared to their healthy counterparts. Patients in advanced stages exhibited lower serum levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C compared to those in early stages. Patients with positive lymph node metastasis demonstrated reduced levels of TG, LDL-C, and the TyG index. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the combination of the TyG index, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 yielded the highest positive prediction rate for CRC at 75.3%.

CONCLUSION

Preoperative serum lipid profiles exhibit a robust association with patients with CRC. The concurrent assessment of multiple serum lipids and cancer antigens effectively enhances the diagnostic accuracy for CRC.
Curcumin in gastric cancer treatment: A commentary on mechanistic insights and future directions
Authors: Wei Xin-Yue , Cao Wen-Bo , Mo Sai-Jun , Sun Zhi-Yan
Published: December 2024

The study by Yang et al presents a comprehensive investigation into the therapeutic potential of curcumin for gastric cancer (GC). Using network pharmacology, the researchers identified 48 curcumin-related genes, 31 of which overlap with GC targets. Key genes, including ESR1 , EGFR , CYP3A4 , MAPK14 , CYP1A2 , and CYP2B6 , are linked to poor survival in GC patients. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinity of curcumin to these genes. In vitro experiments demonstrated that curcumin effectively inhibits the growth and proliferation of BGC-823 , suggesting its therapeutic potential in GC through multiple targets and pathways.
Network pharmacology: Changes the treatment mode of "one disease-one target" in cancer treatment
Authors: Liu Shuai , Yu Yong-Wei
Published: December 2024

The article concluded that network pharmacology provides new ideas and insights into the molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment of cancer. TCM is a new choice and hot spot in the field of cancer treatment. We have also previously published studies on TCM and network pharmacology. In this letter, we summarize the new paradigm of network pharmacology in cancer treatment mechanisms.
Association between autoimmune gastritis and gastric polyps: Clinical characteristics and risk factors
Authors: Jin Jing-Zheng , Liang Xiao , Liu Shu-Peng , Wang Rui-Lan , Zhang Qing-Wei , Shen Yu-Feng , Li Xiao-Bo
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The relationship between autoimmune gastritis (AIG) and gastric polyps (GPs) is not well understood.

AIM

To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of AIG with GPs in patients.

METHODS

This double center retrospective study included 530 patients diagnosed with AIG from July 2019 to July 2023. We collected clinical, biochemical, serological, and demographic data were of each patient. Logistic regression analyses, both multivariate and univariate, were conducted to pinpoint independent risk factors for GPs in patients with AIG patients. Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to establish the optimal cutoff values, sensitivity, and specificity of these risk factors for predicting GPs in patients with AIG.

RESULTS

Patients with GPs had a higher median age than those without GPs [61 (52.25-69) years vs 58 (47-66) years, P = 0.006]. The gastrin-17 levels were significantly elevated in patients with GPs compared with those without GPs [91.9 (34.2-138.9) pmol/mL vs 60.9 (12.6-98.4) pmol/mL, P < 0.001]. Additionally, the positive rate of parietal cell antibody (PCA) antibody was higher in these patients than in those without GPs (88.6% vs 73.6%, P < 0.001). Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed that PCA positivity [odds ratio (OR) = 2.003, P = 0.017], pepsinogen II (OR = 1.053, P = 0.015), and enterochromaffin like cells hyperplasia (OR = 3.116, P < 0.001) were significant risk factors for GPs, while pepsinogen I was identified as a protective factor.

CONCLUSION

PCA positivity and enterochromaffin like cells hyperplasia are significant risk factor for the development of GPs in patients with AIG. Elevated gastrin-17 levels may also play a role in this process. These findings suggest potential targets for further research and therapeutic intervention in managing GPs in patients with AIG.
Transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib and sintilimab vs lenvatinib alone in intermediate-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Fei-Da , Zhou Hai-Feng , Yang Wei , Zhu Di , Wu Bi-Fei , Shi Hai-Bin , Liu Sheng , Zhou Wei-Zhong
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer that has limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the first-line treatment for intermediate-stage HCC but can induce tumour hypoxia, thereby promoting angiogenesis. Recent studies suggested that combining TACE with anti-angiogenic therapies and immunotherapy might improve efficacy. Lenvatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated superior outcomes compared to sorafenib, while immune checkpoint inhibitors such as sintilimab show potential when combined with TACE. However, the efficacy and safety of TACE combined with lenvatinib and sintilimab (TACE + SL) compared to TACE with lenvatinib alone (TACE + L) in patients with intermediate-advanced HCC has not yet been investigated.

AIM

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TACE + SL therapy in comparison to TACE + L therapy in patients with intermediate-advanced HCC.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with intermediate-advanced HCC who received TACE plus lenvatinib with or without sintilimab between September 2019 and September 2022. Baseline characteristics were compared, and propensity score matching was applied. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR) were evaluated between the two groups, and adverse events were analyzed.

RESULTS

The study included 57 patients, with 30 in the TACE + SL group and 27 in the TACE + L group. The TACE + SL group demonstrated significantly improved median PFS and OS compared to the TACE + L group (PFS: 14.1 months vs 9.6 months, P = 0.016; OS: 22.4 months vs 14.1 months, P = 0.039), along with a higher ORR (70.0% vs 55.6%). After propensity score matching, 30 patients were included, with the TACE + SL group again showing longer median PFS and a trend toward improved OS (PFS: 14.6 months vs 9.2 months, P = 0.012; OS: 23.9 months vs 16.3 months, P = 0.063), and a higher ORR (73.3% vs 53.3%). No severe adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSION

TACE + SL demonstrated superior outcomes in terms of OS and PFS, compared to TACE + L. These findings suggest that the addition of sintilimab might enhance the therapeutic response in patients with intermediate-advanced HCC.
Development of a nomogram for overall survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma: A prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Yu Shi-Shi , Zheng Xi , Li Xiao-Sheng , Xu Qian-Jie , Zhang Wei , Liao Zhong-Li , Lei Hai-Ke
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Esophageal carcinoma (EC) presents a significant public health issue in China, with its prognosis impacted by myriad factors. The creation of a reliable prognostic model for the overall survival (OS) of EC patients promises to greatly advance the customization of treatment approaches.

AIM

To create a more systematic and practical model that incorporates clinically significant indicators to support decision-making in clinical settings.

METHODS

This study utilized data from a prospective longitudinal cohort of 3127 EC patients treated at Chongqing University Cancer Hospital between January 1, 2018, and December 12, 2020. Utilizing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression alongside multivariate Cox regression analyses helped pinpoint pertinent variables for constructing the model. Its efficacy was assessed by concordance index (C-index), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

RESULTS

Nine variables were determined to be significant predictors of OS in EC patients: Body mass index (BMI), Karnofsky performance status, TNM stage, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and albumin-to-globulin ratio (ALB/GLB). The model demonstrated a C-index of 0.715 (95%CI: 0.701-0.729) in the training cohort and 0.711 (95%CI: 0.689-0.732) in the validation cohort. In the training cohort, AUCs for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS predictions were 0.773, 0.787, and 0.750, respectively; in the validation cohort, they were 0.772, 0.768, and 0.723, respectively, illustrating the model's precision. Calibration curves and DCA verified the model's predictive accuracy and net benefit.

CONCLUSION

A novel prognostic model for determining the OS of EC patients was successfully developed and validated to help clinicians in devising individualized treatment schemes for EC patients.
Characteristics of gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with colorectal polyps
Authors: Wu Xian-Rong , He Xiao-Hong , Xie Yong-Fang
Published: December 2024

This editorial, inspired by a recent study published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology , covers the research findings on microbiota changes in various diseases. In recurrent colorectal polyps, the abundances of Klebsiella , Parvimonas , and Clostridium increase, while those of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus decrease. This dysbiosis may promote the formation and recurrence of polyps. Similar microbial changes have also been observed in colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, autism spectrum disorder, and metabolic syndrome, indicating the role of increased pathogens and decreased probiotics in these conditions. Regulating the gut microbiota, particularly by increasing probiotic levels, may help prevent polyp recurrence and promote gut health. This microbial intervention strategy holds promise as an adjunctive treatment for patients with colorectal polyps.
Retrospective analysis of pathological types and imaging features in pancreatic cancer: A comprehensive study
Authors: Luo Yang-Gang , Wu Mei , Chen Hong-Guang
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, with a poor prognosis often attributed to late diagnosis. Understanding the correlation between pathological type and imaging features is crucial for early detection and appropriate treatment planning.

AIM

To retrospectively analyze the relationship between different pathological types of pancreatic cancer and their corresponding imaging features.

METHODS

We retrospectively analyzed the data of 500 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer between January 2010 and December 2020 at our institution. Pathological types were determined by histopathological examination of the surgical specimens or biopsy samples. The imaging features were assessed using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopic ultrasound. Statistical analyses were performed to identify significant associations between pathological types and specific imaging characteristics.

RESULTS

There were 320 (64%) cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 75 (15%) of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, 50 (10%) of neuroendocrine tumors, and 55 (11%) of other rare types. Distinct imaging features were identified in each pathological type. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma typically presents as a hypodense mass with poorly defined borders on computed tomography, whereas intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms present as characteristic cystic lesions with mural nodules. Neuroendocrine tumors often appear as hypervascular lesions in contrast-enhanced imaging. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between specific imaging features and pathological types (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated a strong association between the pathological types of pancreatic cancer and imaging features. These findings can enhance the accuracy of noninvasive diagnosis and guide personalized treatment approaches.
BIBR1532 inhibits proliferation and metastasis of esophageal squamous cancer cells by inducing telomere dysregulation
Authors: Wang Qin , Li Qing-Rong , Xu Lei , Yuan Zi-Chun , Liu Xiao , Tang Mao-Ju , Luo Man , Zhong Xiao-Wu , Ma Qiang , Guo Xiao-Lan
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality, and easy to develop resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes located at the termini of chromosomes in eukaryotic cells, which are unreplaceable in maintaining the stability and integrity of genome. Telomerase, an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, play vital role in telomere length maintain, targeting telomerase is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer.

AIM

To investigate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of BIBR1532, a telomerase inhibitor, in ESCC.

METHODS

KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells were cultured and exposed to various concentrations of BIBR1532. Cell viability was assessed at 48 hours and 72 hours to determine the IC50 values. The effects of BIBR1532 on ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and cellular senescence were evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 assay, plate colony formation assay, scratch assay, transwell assay, and β-galactosidase staining, respectively. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of proteins in BIBR1532-treated ESCC cells, such as human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), key molecules involved in DNA damage response (DDR) or cellular senescence, as well as telomere-binding proteins. Additionally, a tumor-bearing nude mouse model was established to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of BIBR1532 in vivo .

RESULTS

The IC50 values for KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells after 48 hours of BIBR1532 exposure were 48.53 μM and 39.59 μM, respectively. These values decreased to 37.22 μM and 22.71 μM, respectively, following a longer exposure of 72 hours. BIBR1532 exhibited dose-dependent effects on KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells, including decreased hTERT expression, inhibition of proliferation and metastasis, and induction of cellular senescence. Mechanistically, BIBR1532 upregulated the expression of the DDR protein, γ-H2AX, and activated the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR)/ check point kinase 1 (CHK-1) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene (ATM)/CHK2 pathways. BIBR1532 downregulated the expression of telomere-binding proteins, including telomeric-repeat binding factor 1 (TRF1), TRF2, protection of telomeres 1, and TIN2-interacting protein 1. In a nude mouse xenograft model, BIBR1532 significantly suppressed tumor growth, reduced hTERT expression, and increased γ-H2AX protein levels. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of various organs, including the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys, revealed no apparent adverse effects.

CONCLUSION

BIBR1532 exerts anti-cancer effects on ESCC by inducing DDR through the ATR/CHK1 and ATM/CHK2 pathways and downregulating the expression of telomere-binding proteins.
Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treatment strategies: Are transarterial approaches leading the way?
Authors: Patauner Stefan , Scotton Giovanni , Notte Francesca , Frena Antonio
Published: December 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with advanced stages posing significant treatment challenges. Although hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has emerged as a promising modality for treating advanced HCC, particularly in Asian clinical practice, its adoption in Western medicine remains limited due to a lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials. This editorial reviews and comments on the meta-analysis conducted by Zhou et al , which evaluates the efficacy and safety of HAIC and its combination strategies for advanced HCC. The authors performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of various clinical trials and cohort studies comparing HAIC and its combinations to other first-line treatments, such as sorafenib and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). In this work, HAIC showed significantly better results regarding overall survival and progression-free survival compared to sorafenib or TACE alone and their combination. HAIC in combination with lenvatinib, ablation, programmed cell death 1 inhibitors, and radiotherapy further enhanced patient outcomes, indicating a synergistic effect. This editorial focuses on the critical role of multimodal treatment strategies in managing advanced HCC. It advocates for a paradigm shift towards integrated treatment approaches to enhance survival rates and improve the quality of life in patients with advanced HCC.
Establishing an Empirical Relationship to Predict the Tensile
Strength of a FSSW-AA7075 Aluminum Alloy with Mild Steel
Authors: Salman Riyam Abd Alrazaq , Mohammed Khidhair Jasim , Rajan Rajthilak Krishnan , Smaisim Ghassan Fadhil , Siva Subramanian R.
Published: December 2024

In this study, an investigation was conducted on friction stir spot-welded AA7075
aluminum alloy with mild steel. Fusion welding of these two materials presents
challenges because of differences in melting points and metallurgical
incompatibility. To overcome these challenges, friction stir spot welding was
employed for joining these materials. Trial runs were conducted based on a
central composite rotatable design matrix, which encompassed four factors at
five levels: tool rotational speed, plunge rate, dwell time, and tool diameter
ratio. Shear tests were conducted to evaluate the joint strength, and
subsequently, an empirical equation was developed via analysis of variance.
Notably, a joint fabricated under specific conditions demonstrated exceptional
strength, with the highest fracture load of 9.56 kN. These optimal parameters
included the tool rotational speed, plunge ratio, dwell time and diameter ratio
of 1000 rpm, 4 mm/min, 5 sec and 3.0. This achievement underscores the critical
role of meticulous parameter optimization in achieving superior weld quality and
mechanical properties in dissimilar material joints.
A Glossary of Basic ELT Terms: English-Slovenian
Authors: Skela Janez , Burazer Lara
Published: December 2024

An English-Slovenian glossary of basic ELT terms and a Slovenian-English glossary of basic pedagogic terms.