bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cationic osteogenic peptide P15‐CSP coatings promote 3‐D osteogenesis in poly(epsilon‐caprolactone) scaffolds of distinct pore size
Authors: Li Xian , Ghavidel Mehr Nima , Guzmán‐Morales Jessica , Favis Basil D. , De Crescenzo Gregory , Yakandawala Nandadeva , Hoemann Caroline D.
Published: April 2017

P15‐CSP is a biomimetic cationic fusion peptide that stimulates osteogenesis and inhibits bacterial biofilm formation when coated on 2‐D surfaces. This study tested the hypothesis that P15‐CSP coatings enhance 3‐D osteogenesis in a porous but otherwise hydrophobic poly‐(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold. Scaffolds of 84 µm and 141 µm average pore size were coated or not with Layer‐by‐Layer polyelectrolytes followed by P15‐CSP, seeded with adult primary human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and cultured 10 days in proliferation medium, then 21 days in osteogenic medium. Atomic analyses showed that P15‐CSP was successfully captured by LbL. After 2 days of culture, MSCs adhered and spread more on P15‐CSP coated pores than PCL‐only. At day 10, all constructs contained nonmineralized tissue. At day 31, all constructs became enveloped in a “skin” of tissue that, like 2‐D cultures, underwent sporadic mineralization in areas of high cell density that extended into some 141 µm edge pores. By quantitative histomorphometry, 2.5‐fold more tissue and biomineral accumulated in edge pores versus inner pores. P15‐CSP specifically promoted tissue‐scaffold integration, fourfold higher overall biomineralization, and more mineral deposits in the outer 84 µm and inner 141 µm pores than PCL‐only (p < 0.05). 3‐D Micro‐CT revealed asymmetric mineral deposition consistent with histological calcium staining. This study provides proof‐of‐concept that P15‐CSP coatings are osteoconductive in PCL pore surfaces with 3‐D topography. Biomineralization deeper than 150 µm from the scaffold edge was optimally attained with the larger 141 µm peptide‐coated pores. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2171–2181, 2017.
Fabrication and characterization of a decellularized bovine tendon sheet for tendon reconstruction
Authors: Ning Liang‐Ju , Jiang Yan‐Lin , Zhang Cheng‐Hao , Zhang Yi , Yang Jie‐Liang , Cui Jing , Zhang Yan‐Jing , Yao Xuan , Luo Jing‐Cong , Qin Ting‐Wu
Published: April 2017

Obtaining a performing decellularized tendon scaffold with proper dimensions and adequate availability is highly desirable. However, the combined study of complete decellularization and detailed characterization of native tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) from large animals is still lacking. In the present study, we developed a new decellularization protocol, including physical methods and enzymatic solutions for processing bovine Achilles tendons, and produced a decellularized bovine tendon sheet (DBTS) scaffold for tendon reconstruction. The decellularization effectiveness was demonstrated by DNA quantification and histological qualification. The removal of the alpha‐gal epitopes was confirmed by ELISA analysis and immunohistochemical staining. After decellularization, there were no significant alterations of the native tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) properties, including the internal ultrastructure, biochemical compositions such as collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), fibronectin and decorin, as well as substantial mechanical strength. Furthermore, the DBTS scaffold showed no cytotoxic and promoted the proliferation of NIH‐3T3 fibroblasts in vitro. When implanted into rat subcutaneous tissue, the DBTS scaffold displayed excellent histocompatibility in vivo. Our results, while offering a new decellularization protocol for large tendons, can provide a promising biologic scaffold with a combination of mechanical strength and tendon ECM bioactive factors that may have many potential applications in tendon reconstruction. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2299–2311, 2017.
Bicomponent fibrous scaffolds made through dual‐source dual‐power electrospinning: Dual delivery of rhBMP‐2 and Ca‐P nanoparticles and enhanced biological performances
Authors: Wang Chong , Lu William Weijia , Wang Min
Published: April 2017

Electrospun scaffolds incorporated with both calcium phosphates (Ca‐P) and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) have been used for bone tissue regeneration. However, in most cases BMP‐2 and Ca‐P were simply mixed and loaded in a monolithic structure, risking low BMP‐2 loading level, reduced BMP‐2 biological activity, uncontrolled BMP‐2 release and inhomogeneous Ca‐P distribution. In this investigation, novel bicomponent scaffolds having evenly distributed rhBMP‐2‐containing fibers and Ca‐P nanoparticle‐containing fibers were made using an established dual‐source dual‐power electrospinning technique with the assistance of emulsion electrospinning and blend electrospinning. The release behavior of rhBMP‐2 and Ca2+ ions could be separately tuned and the released rhBMP‐2 retained a 68% level for biological activity. MC3T3‐E1 cells showed high viability and normal morphology on scaffolds. Compared to monocomponent scaffolds, enhanced cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, cell mineralization, and gene expression of osteogenic markers were achieved for bicomponent scaffolds due to the synergistic effect of rhBMP‐2 and Ca‐P nanoparticles. Bicomponent scaffolds with a double mass elicited further enhanced cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2199–2209, 2017.
Fabrication of self‐setting β‐tricalcium phosphate granular cement
Authors: Fukuda Naoyuki , Tsuru Kanji , Mori Yoshihide , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: April 2017

Bone defect reconstruction would be greatly improved if β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) granules had the ability to self‐set without sacrificing their osteoconductivity potential. This study aimed to identify a method to permit β‐TCP self‐setting whilst maintaining good osteoconductivity. When mixed with acidic calcium phosphate solution, β‐TCP granules were found to readily set, forming a fully interconnected porous structure. On mixing, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate crystals formed on the surface of β‐TCP granules, bridging the granules and resulting in the setting reaction. The setting time of the β‐TCP granular cement (β‐TCP GC) was approximately 1 min and its mechanical strength, in terms of diametral tensile strength, was approximately 0.8 MPa. The β‐TCP GC and β‐TCP granules both showed the same level of osteoconductivity within rat calvaria bone defects. At 2 and 4 weeks post‐implantation, new bone formation was comparable between the two β‐TCP based bone substitutes. We conclude that β‐TCP GC has excellent potential for use as a cement in bone defect reconstruction. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 800–807, 2018.
The Ginsenoside Derivative 20(S)‐Protopanaxadiol Inhibits Solar Ultraviolet Light‐Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase‐1 Expression
Authors: Han Seungmin , Lim Tae‐Gyu , Kim Jong‐Eun , Yang Hee , Oh Deok‐Kun , Yoon Park Jung Han , Kim Hee Jung , Rhee Young Kyoung , Lee Ki Won
Published: April 2017

Ginsenosides are major pharmacologically active compounds present in ginseng (Panax ginseng). Among the ginsenosides, 20‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐20(S)‐protopanaxadiol (GPPD) and ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) have previously been reported to exhibit anti‐wrinkle effects. In this study, 20(S)‐protopanaxadiol (20(S)‐PPD), an aglycone derivative of the Rb1 metabolite was investigated for its anti‐wrinkle benefit and compared to GPPD and Rb1. The anti‐wrinkle effect of 20(S)‐PPD during solar UV light was investigated using a human skin equivalent model and human keratinocytes. 20(S)‐PPD attenuated solar UV‐induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 expression to a greater extent than GPPD and Rb1. 20(S)‐PPD treatment modulated MMP‐1 mRNA expression and the transcriptional activity of activator protein (AP)‐1, a major transcription factor of MMP‐1. Two upstream signaling pathways for AP‐1, the MEK1/2‐ERK1/2‐p90RSK and MEK3/6‐p38 pathways, were also suppressed. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential of 20(S)‐PPD for further development as a preventative agent for sunlight‐induced skin wrinkle. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3756–3764, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retracted: MicroRNA‐126 Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and EMT in Osteosarcoma by Targeting ZEB1
Authors: Jiang Rui , Zhang Chao , Liu Guangyao , Gu Rui , Wu Han
Published: April 2017

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a tumor with rapid progression, high metastatic potential and poor clinical prognosis. This study was aimed to investigate the function of miR‐126 in OS cells. The miR‐126 expression in OS cell lines and OS tissues were explored by qRT‐PCR. Then, the effects of miR‐126 on proliferation, cycle, migration, invasion, and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) were assessed. Predicted by TargetScan, one of target genes for miR‐126 was verified by luciferase activity assay. Meantime, the mRNA and protein expressions of ZEB1 were assessed by qRT‐PCR and Western blot assay. Subsequently, the effect of ZEB1 silence on miR‐126 down‐regulated cells was also evaluated. Finally, the expressions of key kinases involved in c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and Janus‐activated kinase (JAK)‐1/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)‐3 pathways were detected by Western blot analysis. Result showed that miR‐126 was down‐regulated in OS tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR‐126 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and TGF‐β1 induced EMT. The effect of miR‐126 knockdown was just the opposite. ZEB1 was predicted and verified as a target gene of miR‐126. Meantime, the influence of miR‐126 knockdown was abrogated by ZEB1 silence. Additionally, the phosphorylation levels of c‐Jun, JNK, JAK1, and STAT3 were down‐regulated in miR‐126 over‐expressed cells, and the effect of miR‐126 knockdown was reversed by ZEB1 silence. In conclusion, miR‐126 inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in OS by targeting ZEB1 through inactivation of JNK and JAK1/STAT3 pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3765–3774, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short‐Term Hypoxia Reverses Ox‐LDL‐Induced CD36 and GLUT4 Switching Metabolic Pathways in H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Cells
Authors: Chen Yeh‐Peng , Hsu Hsi‐Hsien , Baskaran Rathinasamy , Wen Su‐Ying , Shen Chia‐Yao , Day Cecilia‐Hsuan , Ho Tsung‐Jung , Vijaya Padma Viswanadha , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Huang Chih‐Yang
Published: April 2017

High levels of circulating low‐density lipoproteins (LDL, plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides) are associated with type 2 diabetes, arteriosclerosis, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. In the heart, the accumulation of oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (Ox‐LDL) has been proposed to play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease. We obtain cholesterol from animals and animal‐derived foods such as milk, eggs, and cheese. In previous studies, the ratio of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) was shown to be important for our health. High levels of LDL cholesterol lead to atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of heart attack and ischemic stroke. In this study, we utilized Ox‐LDL‐treated H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells as a simulated hyperlipidemia model. CD36 metabolism pathway proteins (phospho‐Akt, SIRT1, PGC1α, PPARα, CPT1β, and CD36) increased at low doses of Ox‐LDL. However, high doses (150 and 200 mg/dL) of Ox‐LDL reduced the levels of these proteins. Interestingly, expression of GLUT4 metabolism pathway proteins (phospho‐PKCζ) were reduced at low doses, while the expression of phospho‐AMPK, phospho‐PI3K, phospho‐PKCζ, GLUT4, and PDH proteins increased at high doses. Ox‐LDL acute treatment induces apoptosis in cardiomyocytes as evidenced by apoptotic nuclei apparition, caspase‐3 activation, and cytochrome c release from mitochondria. In our results, Ox‐LDL induced lipotoxicity in cardiomyocytes, and subsequent exposure to short‐term hypoxia or reversed the Ox‐LDL‐induced metabolic imbalance. The same result was obtained with the pharmacological activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol and si‐PKCζ. The mechanism of metabolic switching during Ox‐LDL lipotoxicity seems to be mediated by SIRT1 and PKC ζ. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3785–3795, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In Vitro Adult Astrocytes are Derived From Mature Cells and Reproduce in Vivo Redox Profile
Authors: Souza Débora Guerini , Bellaver Bruna , Terra Silvia Resende , Guma Fatima Costa Rodrigues , Souza Diogo Onofre , Quincozes‐Santos André
Published: April 2017

Astrocytes are versatile cells involved in synaptic information processing, energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, inflammatory response, and structural support of the brain. Recently, we established a routine protocol of cultured astrocytes derived from adult and aged Wistar rats, which present several different responses compared to newborn astrocytes, commonly used to characterize the role of the astrocytes in the central nervous system. Previous studies hypothesized that astrocyte cultures prepared from adult animals derive from immature precursors present in the adult tissue throughout life. Since our group has already demonstrated that the glial functionality of adult astrocytes differs from newborn cultures, the aim of this study was to confirm that our in vitro astrocytes were derived from mature cells. Therefore, we evaluated cytoskeleton proteins, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin, as well as Sox10, an essential marker of immature glial cells, in ex vivo tissue and in in vitro astrocytes from the same animals (1, 90, and 180 days old). In addition, we examined the mitochondrial functionality and the cellular redox homeostasis. Our results suggest that adult and aged astrocytes are derived from mature cells and that changes in mitochondrial parameters in ex vivo tissue were reproduced in in vitro astrocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3111–3118, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conformational dynamics of cathepsin D and binding to a small‐molecule BACE1 inhibitor
Authors: Ellis Christopher R. , Tsai Cheng‐Chieh , Lin Fang‐Yu , Shen Jana
Published: April 2017

BACE1 is a major therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Developing inhibitors that can selectively target BACE1 in favor of other proteases, especially cathepsin D (CatD), has presented significant challenges. Here, we investigate the conformational dynamics and protonation states of BACE1 and CatD using continuous constant pH molecular dynamics with pH replica‐exchange sampling protocol. Despite similar structure, BACE1 and CatD exhibit markedly different active site dynamics. BACE1 displays pH‐dependent flap dynamics that controls substrate accessibility, while the CatD flap is relatively rigid and remains open in the pH range 2.5–6. Interestingly, although each protease hydrolyzes peptide bonds, the protonation states of the catalytic dyads are different within the active pH range. The acidic and basic components of the BACE1 catalytic dyad are clear, while either aspartic acid of the CatD catalytic dyad could play the role of acid or base. Finally, we investigate binding of the inhibitor LY2811376 developed by Eli Lilly to BACE1 and CatD. Surprisingly, in the enzyme active pH range, LY2811376 forms a stronger salt bridge with the catalytic dyad in CatD than in BACE1, which might explain the retinal toxicity of the inhibitor related to off‐target inhibition of CatD. This work highlights the complexity and challenge in structure‐based drug design where receptor‐ligand binding induces protonation state change in both the protein and the inhibitor. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A duplex polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism for rapid screening of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene variants: Genotyping in acute leukemia
Authors: Frikha Rim , Bouayed Nouha , Ben Rhouma Bochra , Keskes Leila , Rebai Tarek
Published: April 2017

Background

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; NM_005957.4) is the key enzyme for folate metabolism which plays in DNA biosynthesis and the epigenetic process of DNA methylation. MTHFR gene polymorphisms, the c. 677C>T and c. 1298A>C have been implicated as risk factors for several types of cancers as the acute leukemia.

Aim

We have optimized a duplex polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR‐RFLP) for the simultaneous detection of both variants in acute leukemia patients, from Tunisia.

Methods

Genomic DNA was extracted from EDTA‐anticoagulant blood samples from a total of 50 patients suffering from acute leukemia (AL). After DNA extraction, the polymerase chain reaction using specific primers, designed using Primer 3 Software. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was performed in two separate tubes followed by agarose gel electrophoresis.

Conclusion

This new method has proved to be a rapid, simple, and reliable method that should facilitate high throughput genotyping of MTHFR polymorphisms in acute leukemia.
Genotyping of commensal Neisseria spp strains by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Authors: Mechergui Arij , Achour Wafa , Ben Hassen Assia
Published: April 2017

Background

We investigated the diversity of the primary sequences of the 16S rRNA genes among 46 commensal Neisseria strains and evaluated the use of this approach as a molecular typing tool in comparison with PFGE analysis.

Methods

Identification to the genus was done using conventional methods and API NH (bio‐Mérieux®). Identification to species level was based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. PFGE analysis was done using SpeI.

Results

Fourteen, two, three and fourteen 16S rRNA sequence types were found among twenty Neisseria flavescens, two Neisseria sicca, five Neisseria macacae and nineteen Neisseria mucosa clinical isolates. Forty‐three different PFGE patterns were found among the tested strains.

Conclusion

We demonstrated a high diversity among 16S rRNA genes which was reflected by PFGE analysis.
The Existential Concerns Questionnaire (ECQ)–Development and Initial Validation of a New Existential Anxiety Scale in a Nonclinical and Clinical Sample
Authors: van Bruggen Vincent , ten Klooster Peter , Westerhof Gerben , Vos Joël , de Kleine Elian , Bohlmeijer Ernst , Glas Gerrit
Published: April 2017

Objective

Existential anxiety (EA) is a construct that refers to fears that are provoked by core threats of human existence, such as death, meaninglessness, and fundamental loneliness. The objective of this study was to develop an EA measure that can be used in research and clinical practice.

Method

The Existential Concerns Questionnaire (ECQ) was completed by a nonclinical sample of 389 adults, together with questionnaires measuring death anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, neuroticism, distress, meaning, and life events. Adaptations were made based on item analysis and factor analysis. A total of 99 adults who had an anxiety and/or depressive disorder completed the final version.

Results

The ECQ was demonstrated to be essentially unidimensional and showed good reliability and stability. Correlations with other measures were within the expected range of strength, except for a weak association with life events.

Conclusion

Initial results regarding the psychometric properties of the ECQ are promising.
Development and Initial Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Dialectical Behavior Therapy Barriers to Implementation Scale (BTI‐S)
Authors: Chugani Carla D. , Mitchell Michael E. , Botanov Yevgeny , Linehan Marsha M.
Published: April 2017

Objective

We examined the psychometric properties of the Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) Barriers to Implementation Scale (BTI‐S).

Method

Participants were clinicians completing a bipartite training, separated by 6 months of self‐study, to implement DBT. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted with data collected from the initial training period (N = 790), while confirmatory factor analysis was based on data from the final training period (N = 660).

Results

The final model included 26 items and 4 factors with overall acceptable fit, χ2(293, N = 660) = 460.989, p < .001, comparative fit index = .909, Tucker‐Lewis index = .899, root mean square root mean square error of approximation (90% confidence interval) = .015. The internal reliability of the scores was low (range = .56 to .72).

Conclusion

The final model fits reasonably well and measures four domains considered important for implementation of DBT. However, the low reliability of the scores indicates that the BTI‐S would be improved with further development.
The Mediating Role of Integration of Loss in the Relationship Between Dissociation and Prolonged Grief Disorder
Authors: Hasson‐Ohayon Ilanit , Peri Tuvia , Rotschild Itai , Tuval‐Mashiach Rivka
Published: April 2017

Objective

Findings from the field of trauma have shown that there is a negative relationship between dissociation and integration of loss into the self‐narrative. At the same time, an increasing amount of literature on grief has stressed the importance of an integrated self‐narrative in the grieving process. Accordingly, the current study examined the possible mediating role played by the extent to which individuals have integrated their loss into their self‐narrative in the relationship between dissociation and symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD).

Method

The Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (PGD‐13), the Outcome Questionnaire, the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire were administered to 66 individuals who had lost a loved one.

Results

The hypothesized mediation model of integration was confirmed.

Conclusion

The effect of people's dissociative tendencies on their PGD symptoms seems to occur via the impairment of their ability to integrate the memory of their loss into their general autobiographical memory. Empirical and clinical implications are discussed.
Isolated right ventricular apical hypoplasia characterized by computed tomography and echocardiography
Authors: Zhou Dan , Liao Hai‐Qin , Ouyang Min‐Zhi , Shang Quan‐Liang , Zhang Ming
Published: April 2017

Isolated right ventricular apical hypoplasia is an unusual congenital heart disease that has been mentioned in only one report to our knowledge. We describe the case of a 62‐year‐old male patient suffering from recurrent abdominal distention, nausea, and lower extremity edema. The right ventricular morphologic abnormalities as shown by echocardiography and CT were comparable to those of left ventricular apical hypoplasia, suggesting right ventricular apical hypoplasia. However, this speculative diagnosis remains to be confirmed by additional cases. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 46:82–84, 2018;
Prenatal sonographic findings in a case of Wolman's disease
Authors: Blitz Matthew J. , Rochelson Burton , Sood Monica , Bialer Martin G. , Vohra Nidhi
Published: April 2017

No published case of Wolman's disease has described the prenatal sonographic findings. We present a case in which a third‐trimester sonographic examination demonstrated fetal hepatomegaly and bilateral adrenal echogenicity suggestive of diffuse calcification. Wolman's disease, also known as lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) deficiency, is a rare autosomal‐recessive disorder characterized by complete absence of the LIPA enzyme. The diagnosis of Wolman's disease was made postnatally by biochemical testing, which indicated absence of LIPA enzyme activity and gene sequencing, which confirmed homozygosity for the G66V mutation within the LIPA gene. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 46:66–68, 2018;
A Decade of Poverty Reduction in Kazakhstan 2001–2009: Growth and/or Redistribution?
Authors: Kudebayeva Alma , Barrientos Armando
Published: April 2017

This paper examines the factors explaining the sustained fall in poverty experienced in Kazakhstan in the period 2001–2009. It examines the contribution of economic growth and redistribution policies to poverty reduction through an analysis of household survey data. It finds that growth has been strongly pro‐poor. Growth was the main driver behind the fall in poverty in the first half of the decade, but redistribution gained in importance in the latter part of the decade. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
POP1 might be recruiting its type‐Ia interface for NLRP3‐mediated PYD‐PYD interaction: Insights from MD simulation
Authors: Maharana Jitendra , Vats Ashutosh , Gautam Santwana , Nayak Bibhu Prasad , Kumar Sushil , Sendha Jasobanta , De Sachinandan
Published: April 2017

Inflammasomes are multiprotein caspase‐activating complexes that enhance the maturation and release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β and IL‐18) in response to the invading pathogen and/or host‐derived cellular stress. These are assembled by the sensory proteins (viz NLRC4, NLRP1, NLRP3, and AIM‐2), adaptor protein (ASC), and effector molecule procaspase‐1. In NLRP3‐mediated inflammasome activation, ASC acts as a mediator between NLRP3 and procaspase‐1 for the transmission of signals. A series of homotypic protein‐protein interactions (NLRP3PYD:ASCPYD and ASCCARD:CASP1CARD) propagates the downstream signaling for the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Pyrin‐only protein 1 (POP1) is known to act as the regulator of inflammasome. It modulates the ASC‐mediated inflammasome assembly by interacting with pyrin domain (PYD) of ASC. However, despite similar electrostatic surface potential, the interaction of POP1 with NLRP3PYD is obscured till date. Herein, to explore the possible PYD‐PYD interactions between NLRP3PYD and POP1, a combined approach of protein‐protein docking and molecular dynamics simulation was adapted. The current study revealed that POP1's type‐Ia interface and type‐Ib interface of NLRP3PYD might be crucial for 1:1 PYD‐PYD interaction. In addition to type‐I mode of interaction, we also observed type‐II and type‐III interaction modes in two different dynamically stable heterotrimeric complexes (POP1‐NLRP3‐NLRP3 and POP1‐NLRP3‐POP1). The inter‐residual/atomic distance calculation exposed several critical residues that possibly govern the said interaction, which need further investigation. Overall, the findings of this study will shed new light on hitherto concealed molecular mechanisms underlying NLRP3‐mediated inflammasome, which will have strong future therapeutic implications.
Brain iron accumulation in Wilson's disease: A longitudinal imaging case study during anticopper treatment using 7.0T MRI and transcranial sonography
Authors: Dusek Petr , Skoloudik David , Maskova Jana , Huelnhagen Till , Bruha Radan , Zahorakova Daniela , Niendorf Thoralf , Ruzicka Evzen , Schneider Susanne A. , Wuerfel Jens
Published: April 2017

Level of Evidence: 5

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:282–285.
Quantifying tumor vascular heterogeneity with DCE‐MRI in complex adnexal masses: A preliminary study
Authors: Thomassin‐Naggara Isabelle , Soualhi Narimane , Balvay Daniel , Darai Emile , Cuenod Charles‐André
Published: April 2017

Purpose

To evaluate the value of quantifying dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) heterogeneity to characterize adnexal masses.

Materials and Methods

Our database was retrospectively queried to identify all surgically proven adnexal masses characterized with a 1.5T DCE‐MRI between January 1st 2008 and February 28th 2010 (n = 113 masses, including 52 benign, 11 borderline, and 50 invasive malignant tumors). The solid component of the adnexal mass was segmented. Quantitative analysis with a compartmental model was performed to calculate microvascular parameters, including tissue blood flow (FT), blood volume fraction (Vb), lag time (DAT), interstitial volume fraction (Ve), permeability–surface area product (PS), and relative area under curve (rAUC), were calculated. Then heterogeneity parameters were evaluated using the analysis of the evolution of the standard deviation (SD) of signal intensities on DCE‐MRI series. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to assess the overall discrimination of parameters.

Results

Malignant tumors displayed higher FT, Vb, and rAUC and lower DAT than benign tumors (P = 0.01, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001, respectively). Invasive malignant tumors displayed lower Vb and rAUC than borderline tumors (P < 0.01). After injection, whenever the heterogeneity parameter was considered, malignant tumors were more heterogeneous than benign tumors, invasive tumors were more heterogeneous than borderline ovarian tumors, and malignant tumors with carcinomatosis were more heterogeneous than tumors without carcinomatosis (P < 0.001). The most discriminant parameter was the SD during the 90 seconds after injection related to arterial input function (ΔSDEARLY/AIF) with an AUROC between 0.715 and 0.808.

Conclusion

This study proposes heterogeneity parameters as a new tool with a potential for clinical application, given that the technique uses routine imaging sequences.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1776–1785.
Lung perfusion: MRI vs. SPECT for screening in suspected chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Johns Christopher S. , Swift Andrew J. , Rajaram Smitha , Hughes Paul J.C. , Capener David J. , Kiely David G. , Wild James M.
Published: April 2017

Purpose

To assess the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) perfusion against perfusion single photon emission tomography (SPECT) screening for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy is recommended to screen for suspected CTEPH. It has previously been shown that 3D dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) lung perfusion MRI has a similar sensitivity for diagnosing CTEPH in comparison to planar perfusion scintigraphy; however, planar scintigraphy has now been largely replaced by SPECT, due to higher spatial resolution and sensitivity.

Materials and Methods

Consecutive patients with suspected CTEPH or unexplained pulmonary hypertension attending a referral center, who underwent lung DCE perfusion MRI at 1.5T, perfusion SPECT, and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) within 14 days of right heart catheterization, from April 2013 to April 2014, were included. DCE‐MR, SPECT, and CTPA were independently analyzed by two blinded radiologists. Disagreements were corrected by consensus. The gold standard reference for the diagnosis of chronic thromboemboli was based on a review of multimodality imaging and clinical findings.

Results

In all, 74 patients with suspected CTEPH underwent all three modalities. Forty‐six were diagnosed with CTEPH (36) or chronic thromboembolic disease (CTED) (10). 3D DCE perfusion MRI correctly identified all patients (sensitivity of 100%), compared with a 97% sensitivity for SPECT.

Conclusion

DCE lung perfusion MRI has increased sensitivity when compared with perfusion scintigraphy in screening for CTEPH. As MRI does not use ionizing radiation, it should be considered as a first‐line imaging modality in suspected CTEPH.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1693–1697.
Axonal domain disorganization in Caspr1 and Caspr2 mutant myelinated axons affects neuromuscular junction integrity, leading to muscle atrophy
Authors: Saifetiarova Julia , Liu Xi , Taylor Anna M. , Li Jie , Bhat Manzoor A.
Published: April 2017

Bidirectional interactions between neurons and myelinating glial cells result in formation of axonal domains along myelinated fibers. Loss of axonal domains leads to detrimental consequences on nerve structure and function, resulting in reduced conductive properties and the diminished ability to reliably transmit signals to the targets they innervate. Thus, impairment of peripheral myelinated axons that project to the surface of muscle fibers and form neuromuscular junction (NMJ) synapses leads to muscle dysfunction. The goal of our studies was to determine how altered electrophysiological properties due to axonal domain disorganization lead to muscle pathology, which is relevant to a variety of peripheral neuropathies, demyelinating diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Using conventional Contactin‐Associated Protein 1 (Caspr1) and Caspr2 single or double mutants with disrupted paranodal, juxtaparanodal, or both regions, respectively, in peripheral myelinated axons, we correlated defects in NMJ integrity and muscle pathology. Our data show that loss of axonal domains in Caspr1 and Caspr2 single and double mutants primarily alters distal myelinated fibers together with presynaptic terminals, eventually leading to NMJ denervation and reduction in postsynaptic endplate areas. Moreover, reduction in conductive properties of peripheral myelinated fibers together with NMJ disintegration leads to muscle atrophy in Caspr1 mutants or muscle fiber degeneration accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction in Caspr1/Caspr2 double mutants. Together, our data indicate that proper organization of axonal domains in myelinated fibers is critical for optimal propagation of electrical signals, NMJ integrity, and muscle health, and provide insights into a wide range of pathologies that result in reduced nerve conduction leading to muscle atrophy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a regional ocean–atmosphere‐wave coupled model and its preliminary evaluation over the CORDEX East Asia domain
Authors: Zou Liwei , Zhou Tianjun , Qiao Fangli , Zhao Wei
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

In this study, a regional ocean–atmosphere‐wave coupled model was developed using the Ocean Atmosphere Sea Ice Soil (OASIS) version 3 coupler and applied to the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) Phase 1 East Asia domain. The impacts of the non‐breaking surface wave‐induced mixing Bv on the model performance were investigated. The inclusion of the surface wave model enhanced the vertical mixing in the upper 100 m of the ocean and deepened the simulated ocean mixed layer. The too‐shallow ocean mixed layer in the simulation without surface waves was reduced in some places, e.g. over the Bay of Bengal. The coupling of the surface wave model also reduced the cold biases of the ocean temperature in the lower 30 m of the ocean over the southern Northwest Pacific. Due to the shallower ocean mixed layer depth in summer, the effects of Bv were stronger in summer than in winter. For the monsoon simulation, the wave‐coupled simulation favoured an enhanced East Asian summer monsoon due to the colder simulated sea surface temperature (SST) over the Northwest Pacific, whereas in winter, the warmer simulated SST over the area north of 40°N led to a slightly stronger winter monsoon over Far East Asia than did the no wave simulation.
A balanced approach to professional HRD consulting: Lessons from the field
Authors: Tkaczyk Bart
Published: April 2017

Establishing a secure foundation for strategic and results‐driven human resource development consulting work calls for practical rigor: a balance of proven research methods and their creative application to day‐to‐day business. The experiences of a global insurance company seeking to revamp its rigid training function into an agile learning and development department highlight the value of effective consulting guidance in fostering a knowledge‐creative environment to strategically align learning and development with the execution of the organization's overall strategy. A subsequent review of the myriad aspects of modern consulting offers a framework for business leaders and theorists on navigating the key facets of this highly competitive and demanding profession.
The role of devolution in HR‐line manager collaboration and HRM effectiveness relationship: A study of private commercial banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Rimi Nadia Newaz , Yusliza Mohd. Yusoff , Walters Tim , Basher Rubel Mohammad Rabiul
Published: April 2017

What impact does the relationship between human resource managers and line managers have on the effectiveness of an organization's human resource management (HRM) efforts? A study of 365 line managers in 25 private commercial banks in Bangladesh found that HR‐line collaboration is pivotal to achieving synergy between HRM strategy and business strategy. It also revealed that devolution—the delegation of power to a lower level—further enhances effectiveness. The findings suggest that both human resource managers and line managers play a critical role in executing an organization's HRM policies. More broadly, the study provides insights into how both agents can contribute to the overarching alignment needed to improve service quality.
Cover Image, Volume 97, Issue 7
Authors: Zhou Haiyan , Yong Jie , Gao Han , Li Tong , Xiao Hongshi , Wu Yongyao
Published: April 2017

The cover image, by Haiyan Zhou et al, is based on the Research Article Mannanase Man23 mutant library construction based on a novel cell‐free protein expression system, DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8029.

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Biological activities of undescribed North American lichen species
Authors: Yeash Erik A , Letwin Lyndon , Malek Lada , Suntres Zacharias , Knudsen Kerry , Christopher Lew P
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

Lichens provide a large array of compounds with the potential for pharmaceutical development. In the present study, extracts from three previously undescribed North American lichen species were examined for antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities.

RESULTS

The results from this study demonstrated the following: (i) Acarospora socialis ethanol extract exhibited significant DPPH antioxidant scavenging activities, which were concentration dependent; (ii) acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of Xanthoparmelia mexicana inhibited Gram‐positive bacteria but had no effect on Gram‐negative bacteria; X. mexicana acetone extract yielded a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20.9 µg mL−1 against Staphylococcus aureus, and 41.9 µg mL−1 against Enterococcus faecalis; (iii) acetone extract of Lobothallia alphoplaca inhibited growth of cultured breast cancer MCF‐7 cells with an effective concentration (EC50) of 87 µg mL−1 ; the MCF‐7 cell cycle appears arrested in the G2 phase, whereas the DNA synthesis cell cycle (S) may be inhibited.

CONCLUSION

New lichen species that possess strong biological activities have been identified. These lichens comprise secondary metabolites that possess antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer properties. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence on wine biogenic amine composition of modifications to soil N availability and grapevine N by cover crops
Authors: Pérez‐Álvarez Eva P , Garde‐Cerdán Teresa , Cabrita Maria João , García‐Escudero Enrique , Peregrina Fernando
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

Vineyard soil management can modify the nitrogen soil availability and, therefore, grape amino acid content. These compounds are precursors of biogenic amines, which have negative effects on wine quality and human health. The objective was to study whether the effect of conventional tillage and two cover crops (barley and clover) on grapevine nitrogen status could be related to wine biogenic amines. Over 4 years, soil NO3−‐N, nitrogen content in leaf and wine biogenic amine concentration were determined.

RESULTS

Barley reduced soil NO3−‐N availability and clover increased it. In 2011, at bloom, nitrogen content decreased with barley treatment in both blade and petiole. In 2012, nitrogen content in both leaf tissues at bloom was greater with clover than with tillage and barley treatments. Also, total biogenic amines decreased in barley with respect to tillage and clover treatments. There were correlations between some individual and total biogenic amine concentrations with respect to nitrogen content in leaf tissues.

CONCLUSION

Wine biogenic amine concentration can be affected by the grapevine nitrogen status, provoked by changes in the soil NO3−‐N availability with both cover crop treatments. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Surfactant‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with field‐amplified sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis for the determination of mexiletine and lidocaine
Authors: Yeh Yu‐Hsuan , Chen Wen‐Chi , Chang Sarah Y.
Published: April 2017

A sensitive method for the determination of mexiletine and lidocaine using surfactant‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis was developed. Triton X‐100 and dichloromethane were used as the dispersive agent and extraction solvent, respectively. After the extraction, mexiletine and lidocaine were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection. The detection sensitivity was further enhanced through the use of field‐amplified sample stacking. Under optimal extraction and stacking conditions, the calibration curves were linear over a concentration range of 0.05–1.00 μM for mexiletine and 0.03–1.00 μM for lidocaine. The limits of detection (signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3) were 0.01 and 0.01 μM for mexiletine and lidocaine, respectively. An approximately 1141‐ to 1250‐fold improvement in sensitivity was observed for the two analytes compared with the injection of a standard solution without the surfactant‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and field‐amplified sample stacking procedures. This developed method was successfully applied to the determination of mexiletine and lidocaine in human urine and serum samples. Both precision and accuracy for urine and serum samples were less than 8.7 and 6.7%, respectively. The recoveries of the two analytes from urine and serum samples were 54.7–64.9% and 16.1–56.5%, respectively.
One‐pot preparation of mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monoliths by the thiol‐ene click reaction for mixed‐mode capillary liquid chromatography
Authors: Wang Haojiang , Hu Wenli , Zheng Qiong , Bian Wei , Lin Zian
Published: April 2017

A novel mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monolithic column was prepared for capillary liquid chromatography, in which the thiol‐end mercaptotetrazole was mixed with hydrolyzed γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and tetramethyloxysilane for the co‐polycondensation and thiol‐ene click reaction in a one‐pot process. The effects of the molar ratio of silanes, the amount of mercaptotetrazole, and the volume of porogen on the morphology, permeability and pore properties of the as‐prepared mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monoliths were investigated in detail. A series of test compounds including alkylbenzenes, amides and anilines were employed for evaluating the retention behaviors of the mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monolithic columns. The results demonstrated that the mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monoliths exhibited hydrophobic, hydrophilic as well as ion‐exchange interaction. The run‐to‐run, column‐to‐column and batch‐to‐batch reproducibilities of the mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monoliths were satisfactory with the relative standard deviations less than 1.4 (n = 5), 3.9 (n = 3) and 4.0% (n = 5), respectively. In addition, the mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monolith was further applied to the separation of sulfonamides, nucleobases and protein tryptic digests. These successful applications confirmed the promising potential of the mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monolith in the separation of complex samples.
Hurricane Sandy Exposure and the Mental Health of World Trade Center Responders
Authors: Bromet Evelyn J. , Clouston Sean , Gonzalez Adam , Kotov Roman , Guerrera Kathryn M. , Luft Benjamin J.
Published: April 2017

The psychological consequences of a second disaster on populations exposed to an earlier disaster have rarely been studied prospectively. Using a pre‐ and postdesign, we examined the effects of Hurricane Sandy on possible World Trade Center (WTC) related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD Checklist score of ≥ 50) and overall depression (major depressive disorder [MDD]; Patient Health Questionnaire depression score of ≥ 10) among 870 WTC responders with a follow‐up monitoring visit at the Long Island WTC Health Program during the 6 months post‐Hurricane Sandy. The Hurricane Sandy exposures evaluated were damage to home (8.3%) and to possessions (7.8%), gasoline shortage (24.1%), prolonged power outage (42.7%), and filing a Federal Emergency Management Agency claim (11.3%). A composite exposure score also was constructed. In unadjusted analyses, Hurricane Sandy exposures were associated with 1.77 to 5.38 increased likelihood of PTSD and 1.58 to 4.13 likelihood of MDD; odds ratios for ≥ 3 exposures were 6.47 for PTSD and 6.45 for MDD. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, WTC exposure, pre‐Hurricane Sandy mental health status, and time between assessments, reporting ≥ 3 Hurricane Sandy exposures was associated with a 3.29 and 3.71 increased likelihood of PTSD and MDD, respectively. These findings underscore the importance of assessing the impact of a subsequent disaster in ongoing responder health surveillance programs.
Effects of Clear Polymer Film on Emergence and Survival of Direct Sown Native Vegetation
Authors: Pinkard Elizabeth A. , Lisson Shaun , Bailey Tanya , Davidson Neil , Worledge Dale , Potts Brad M.
Published: April 2017

Clear, degradable polymer films are used with agricultural crops to alter the germination and growing environment and extend the length of the growing season. The film acts like a greenhouse, elevating temperatures and improving soil water. We examined the potential of polymer film to improve emergence and persistence of direct‐seeded native vegetation. A seed mix comprising three tree species and two shrubs was sown in early August 2015, with and without polymer film. The effect of duration of polymer film (from 0–10 weeks) on emergence and persistence was tested, and the effects of polymer film on temperature and soil moisture were monitored. Our hypothesis that polymer film would improve emergence was partially supported, with between 6 and 10 weeks of polymer film coverage increasing emergence of small‐seeded species above the level of the Control. The polymer film increased temperatures by an average of 5 °C and volumetric water content by up to 10%, compared with ambient conditions, and reduced fluctuations in soil moisture, which may have contributed to the increased emergence observed. Emergence was low across all treatments (range 0·2–47%). Our hypothesis that polymer film would improve persistence was not supported, with seedling numbers declining rapidly following removal of the polymer film and no differences between treatments in percentage persistence by the end of the experiment. We concluded that polymer film is a potentially useful tool for improving emergence of smaller‐seeded species in direct seeding for land restoration, although provided no benefit for emergence of the larger‐seeded species. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.