bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vocabulary learning in Finnish early foreign language learning textbooks
Authors: Mäntylä Katja , Roiha Anssi , Dufva Hannele , Pakula Heini-Marja
Published: January 2024

Vocabulary acquisition of young foreign language learners is an understudied topic. This study examines how early
foreign language textbooks in Finland present and practise vocabulary. Moreover, studying textbooks is essential as they guide
teachers’ actions and pupils’ perceptions of what is central in learning and how one should learn. We examined five different
textbooks used in Finland for early foreign language learning. The languages covered were English, French, German, Swedish and
Spanish. We analysed how the textbooks presented vocabulary using Thornbury’s (2002)
classification as a basis. In particular, we looked at how the books took into account pupils’ existing linguistic resources, how
they introduced and attempted to consolidate new vocabulary, what aspects of vocabulary knowledge were emphasised, what the role
of formulaic sequences was, and if there were differences between the textbooks of different languages. The results showed that
even though the textbooks had versatile exercises, there was a lack of progression and consolidating activities. Moreover, it
seems that the textbooks do not largely aim at learner agency or translanguaging for vocabulary learning. Therefore, the examined
textbooks for early foreign language learning in Finland are not fully in line with current understanding of vocabulary learning
and language learning in general.
Multiple repair solutions in response to open class repair initiators (OCRIs) in next turn
Authors: Thongphut Aonrumpa , Kaur Jagdish
Published: January 2024

The study examines repair practices of speakers following an open class repair initiator (OCRI) in next turn in
hospitality and tourism (HT) service encounters mediated through English as a lingua franca (ELF). The data comprise fifteen hours
of naturally occurring ELF service encounters recorded at three HT sites in Thailand. Using conversation analytic procedures, the
analysis reveals that speakers may offer multiple repair solutions following an OCRI, which appear oriented to a potential problem
of understanding rather than one of hearing. The participants combine repetition of the trouble-source turn with
comprehension-enhancing techniques such as lexical replacement, rephrasing of prior talk and explication of potentially
problematic words. As it is pertinent that messages are accurately relayed and received, speakers adopt a proactive stance and
combine repair practices to raise explicitness and improve communicative clarity. In ELF HT service encounters, the principle of
increased collaborative effort prevails and underlies communicative effectiveness.
EML4-ALK fusions drive lung adeno-to-squamous transition through JAK-STAT activation
Authors: Qin Zhen , Yue Meiting , Tang Shijie , Wu Fengying , Sun Honghua , Li Yuan , Zhang Yongchang , Izumi Hiroki , Huang Hsinyi , Wang Wanying , Xue Yun , Tong Xinyuan , Mori Shunta , Taki Tetsuro , Goto Koichi , Jin Yujuan , Li Fei , Li Fu-Ming , Gao Yijun , Fang Zhaoyuan , Fang Yisheng , Hu Liang , Yan Xiumin , Xu Guoliang , Chen Haiquan , Kobayashi Susumu S. , Ventura Andrea , Wong Kwok-Kin , Zhu Xueliang , Chen Liang , Ren Shengxiang , Chen Luo-Nan , Ji Hongbin
Published: January 2024

Human lung adenosquamous cell carcinoma (LUAS), containing both adenomatous and squamous pathologies, exhibits strong cancer plasticity. We find that ALK rearrangement is detectable in 5.1–7.5% of human LUAS, and transgenic expression of EML4-ALK drives lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) formation initially and squamous transition at late stage. We identify club cells as the main cell-of-origin for squamous transition. Through recapitulating lineage transition in organoid system, we identify JAK-STAT signaling, activated by EML4-ALK phase separation, significantly promotes squamous transition. Integrative study with scRNA-seq and immunostaining identify a plastic cell subpopulation in ALK-rearranged human LUAD showing squamous biomarker expression. Moreover, those relapsed ALK-rearranged LUAD show notable upregulation of squamous biomarkers. Consistently, mouse squamous tumors or LUAD with squamous signature display certain resistance to ALK inhibitor, which can be overcome by combined JAK1/2 inhibitor treatment. This study uncovers strong plasticity of ALK-rearranged tumors in orchestrating phenotypic transition and drug resistance and proposes a potentially effective therapeutic strategy.
Four errors students make with inverse-square law vectors
Authors: Wallace Colin S , Jones Liam , Lin Alex
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we discuss four errors introductory physics students make when attempting to add two inverse-square law vectors. We observe multiple instances in which students (1) add vectors as if they were scalars, (2) project ther(orr2) in the denominator, instead of the entire vector, when attempting to find the vector’s components, (3) incorrectly apply the Pythagorean theorem when attempting to calculate the magnitude of the resultant vector, and (4) incorrectly relate the signs of the components of an electric field (or force) to the signs of the electric charges. While these are not the only errors students make, they are the most frequently occurring based on our analysis of 678 exams taken by students in either introductory mechanics or electricity and magnetism (E&M). We then show how these errors can be encoded into a new type of activity or assessment question which we call a ‘student error task.’ Introductory physics instructors can use the student error task in this paper as a way to engage or assess their students’ understandings of how to add two inverse-square law vectors.
Can the Dirac deltas in dipole fields be ignored in classical interactions?
Authors: Azevedo Thales
Published: January 2024

When studying (or teaching) classical electromagnetism, one is bound to deal with the electric field of an ideal electric dipole, as well as its magnetic counterpart. A careful analysis then reveals that each of those fields must include, for consistency, a term proportional to a Dirac delta function localized at the position of the dipole. However, one is usually told not to worry about those terms since, as classical interactions always involve sources which are spatially separated, the Dirac-delta terms are only relevant for quantum mechanics, where they are directly related to important phenomena. In this work, we pose and solve a purely classical problem in electrostatics in which the Dirac-delta terms in the dipole fields are indispensable. It involves the computation of the interaction energy between a conductor with a spherical cavity and an (ideal) electric dipole located at the center of that cavity. We also solve its magnetic counterpart, replacing the conductor with a superconductor and the electric dipole with a magnetic one.
Tunable electronic properties and optoelectronic characteristics of MoGe2N4/SiC van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Yang Ning , Li Hui , Liu Guogang , Yu Yang , Huang Lin , Xu Zhonghui , Xiao Xianbo , Chen Tong
Published: January 2024

The assembly of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure with easily regulated electronic properties provides a new way for the expansion of two-dimensional materials and promotes the development of optoelectronics, sensors, switching devices and other fields. In this work, a systematic investigation of the electronic properties of MoGe2N4/SiC heterostructures using density functional theory has been conducted, along with the modulation of electronic properties by vertical strain and the potential application prospects in optoelectronic devices. The results show that MoGe2N4/SiC heterostructure has excellent dynamic and thermal stability and belongs to type-II band alignment semiconductors. This is extremely beneficial for the separation of photo-generating electron-hole pairs, so it has important significance for the development of photovoltaic materials. In addition, under the control of vertical strain, the semiconductor-metal transition occurs in the MoGe2N4/SiC heterostructure when the compressive strain reaches 6%. In the case of compressive strain less than 6% and tensile strain, the MoGe2N4/SiC heterostructure maintains the type-II band alignment semiconductor characteristics. Meanwhile, we find that the MoGe2N4/SiC heterostructure has optical absorption coefficients of up to 105 in the visible and ultraviolet light ranges, which can improve the absorption coefficients of the MoGe2N4 and SiC monolayer in some visible light regions. Finally, the optical conductivity of the MoGe2N4/SiC heterostructure exhibits significant anisotropy, with the armchair direction displaying higher conductivity within the orange light range. In conclusion, the formation of vdW heterostructure by vertically stacking MoGe2N4 and SiC monolayers can effectively improve their electronic and optical properties, which provides a valuable reference for the future development of electronic devices and photovoltaic materials.
Hierarchical fusion based high precision SLAM for solid-state lidar
Authors: Xu Hao , Yu Wentao , Zhang Qi , Yan Jiachen , Yuan He
Published: January 2024

Solid-state LiDARs have become an important perceptual device for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) due to its low-cost and high-reliability compared to mechanical LiDARs. Nevertheless, existing solid-state LiDARs-based SLAM methods face challenges, including drift and mapping inconsistency, when operating in dynamic environments over extended periods and long distances. To this end, this paper proposes a robust, high-precision, real-time LiDAR-inertial SLAM method for solid-state LiDARs. At the front-end, the raw point cloud is segmented to filter dynamic points in preprocessing process. Subsequently, features are extracted using a combination of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Mean Clustering to reduce redundant points and improve data processing efficiency. At the back-end, a hierarchical fusion method is proposed to improve the accuracy of the system by fusing the feature information to iteratively optimize the LiDAR frames, and then adaptively selecting the LiDAR keyframes to be fused with the IMU. The proposed method is extensively evaluated using a Livox Avia solid-state LiDAR collecting datasets on two different platforms. In experiments, the end-to-end error is reduced by 35% and the single-frame operational efficiency is improved by 12% compared to LiLi-OM.
Investigation of sound pressure leakage effect for primary calibration down to 10−2 Hz using a laser pistonphone system
Authors: Hirano Koto , Takahashi Hironobu , Yamada Keisuke , Nozato Hideaki
Published: January 2024

Recently, the demand for sensor calibration in the infrasonic range has increased to obtain accurate information when monitoring infrasound generated by large-scale natural disasters. The laser pistonphone method is a primary calibration method to evaluate infrasound sensors in the low-frequency range. In this method, sound pressure is generated in a fixed sealed volume of air, by a volume change via an attached piston movement. By measuring the piston displacement using laser interferometer, the generated sound pressure can be calculated by multiplying the velocity of volume change by acoustic transfer impedance of a pistonphone. The main concern with this method is that sound pressure leakage from a gap adjacent to piston significantly changes the acoustic transfer impedance at lower frequencies. To apply the laser pistonphone method in the low-frequency range down to 10−2 Hz, it is essential to accurately evaluate and compensate for the leakage effect, i.e. the gap’s acoustic transfer impedance. In this study, we propose a technique for experimentally evaluating the gap impedance. The main idea is to determine the total acoustic transfer impedance by dividing the sound pressure by the volume velocity and then deducing the gap impedance by subtracting the chamber impedance from the obtained total acoustic transfer impedance. A digital pressure sensor was used to precisely measure sound pressure below 100 Hz because pressure sensors are suitable for accurate measurement of pressure fluctuations at low frequencies. We validated the proposed approach by calibrating an analog pressure sensor that outputs an analog voltage proportional to the absolute pressure. As a result, the sensitivity calibrated by the laser pistonphone method at 0.02 Hz agreed with the static sensitivity provided by the manufacturer within 0.02 dB.
Performance evaluation of 2D MoS2-based solar cells and realization of transparent ultra-thin devices
Authors: Shweta  , Singh Vinamrita , Kumar Kaushal , Kumar Arun
Published: January 2024

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is an alternate absorber layer in 2D solar cells owing to its potential of proficient sunlight harvesting. The optimum electrical and optical properties of MoS2 validate it as a suitable photovoltaic absorber material. This work investigates the performance of 2D (and multi-layer) MoS2-based vertically stacked solar cell by numerical simulation process using one dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS). Two device configurations based on Schottky junction (ITO/n-MoS2/Au) and pn junction (ITO/n-MoS2/p-MoS2/Au) have been theoretically analyzed. The feasibility of ultra-thin transparent solar cells is also demonstrated, which is motivating from a technological outlook. Initially, the properties of the active layers are optimized to give the highest performance. The findings are explained on the basis of band alignment between the electrodes and the different layers. The potential barrier developed at the interface of different materials governs the output of the cells. The calculations forecast the material properties, which need to be tuned to fabricate solar cells with enhanced efficiency. After optimization, the highest efficiency obtained for single n-MoS2-based solar cell is 10.22%, while for the pn junction solar cell it is 16.86%. The optimized cells exhibit high open circuit voltages of ∼1.2 V, which is an essential factor for commercial realization of solar cells. Lastly, the performance of transparent solar cells based on thin 2D MoS2 films has been predicted which showcases the efficiency in the range of 0.78%–4.36%. These homo-junction device investigations of solely MoS2 layer along with employment of a strict control on the defects during deposition and fabrication of MoS2-based solar cells can ensure better performance of the device. Thus, it can open ways to develop next generation feasible solar cells with higher power density as compared to existing technology.
Magnetoresistance properties in nickel-catalyzed, air-stable, uniform, and transfer-free graphene
Authors: Chen Bo-Yu , Chen Bo-Wei , Uen Wu-Yih , Chen Chi , Chuang Chiashain , Tsai Dung-Sheng
Published: January 2024

A transfer-free graphene with high magnetoresistance (MR) and air stability has been synthesized using nickel-catalyzed atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition. The Raman spectrum and Raman mapping reveal the monolayer structure of the transfer-free graphene, which has low defect density, high uniformity, and high coverage (>90%). The temperature-dependent (from 5 to 300 K) current–voltage (I–V) and resistance measurements are performed, showing the semiconductor properties of the transfer-free graphene. Moreover, the MR of the transfer-free graphene has been measured over a wide temperature range (5–300 K) under a magnetic field of 0 to 1 T. As a result of the Lorentz force dominating above 30 K, the transfer-free graphene exhibits positive MR values, reaching ∼8.7% at 300 K under a magnetic field (1 Tesla). On the other hand, MR values are negative below 30 K due to the predominance of the weak localization effect. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent MR values of transfer-free graphene are almost identical with and without a vacuum annealing process, indicating that there are low density of defects and impurities after graphene fabrication processes so as to apply in air-stable sensor applications. This study opens avenues to develop 2D nanomaterial-based sensors for commercial applications in future devices.
Janus HfSSe monolayer: a promising candidate for SO2 and COCl2 gas sensing
Authors: Kumar Dalip , Kumar Rajesh , Chaurasiya Rajneesh
Published: January 2024

Janus monolayers based on transition metal dichalcogenides have garnered significant interest as potential materials for nano electronic device applications due to their exceptional physical and electronic properties. In this study, we investigate the stability of the Janus HfSSe monolayer using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and analyze the electronic properties in its pristine state. We then examine the impact of adsorbing toxic gas molecules (AsH3, COCl2, NH3, NO2, and SO2) on the monolayer’s structure and electronic properties, testing their adsorption on different active sites on top of hafnium, selenium, and sulfur. The sensitivity of the gas molecules is quantified in terms of their adsorption energy, with the highest and lowest energies being observed for SO2 (−0.278 eV) and NO2 (−0.095 eV), respectively. Additionally, we calculate other properties such as recovery time, adsorption height, Bader charge, and charge difference density to determine the sensitivity and selectivity of the toxic gas molecules. Our findings suggest that the Janus HfSSe monolayer has the potential to function as SO2 and COCl2 gas sensor due to its high sensitivity for these two gases.
Tit-for-tat dynamics and market volatility
Authors: Brânzei Simina
Published: January 2024

We consider tit-for-tat dynamics in production markets, where there is a set of n players connected via a weighted graph. Each player i can produce an eponymous good using its linear production function, given as input various amounts of goods in the system. In the tit-for-tat dynamic, each player i shares its good with its neighbours in fractions proportional to how much they helped player i’s production in the last round. Our contribution is to characterize the asymptotic behaviour of the dynamic as a function of the graph structure, finding that the fortune of a player grows in the long term if and only if the player has a good self loop (i.e. the player works well alone) or works well with at least one other player. We also consider a generalized damped update, where the players may update their strategies with different speeds, and obtain a lower bound on their rate of growth by identifying a function that gives insight into the behaviour of the dynamical system. The model can capture circular economies, where players use each other’s products, and organizational partnerships, where fostering long-term growth of an organization hinges on creating relationships in which reciprocal exchanges between the agents in the organization are paramount.
A simulation study on the radiosensitization properties of gold nanorods
Authors: Taheri Ali , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Moradi Farhad , Bradley David Andrew
Published: January 2024

Objective. Gold nanorods (GNRs) have emerged as versatile nanoparticles with unique properties, holding promise in various modalities of cancer treatment through drug delivery and photothermal therapy. In the rapidly evolving field of nanoparticle radiosensitization (NPRS) for cancer therapy, this study assessed the potential of gold nanorods as radiosensitizing agents by quantifying the key features of NPRS, such as secondary electron emission and dose enhancement, using Monte Carlo simulations. Approach. Employing the TOPAS track structure code, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the radiosensitization behavior of spherical gold nanoparticles and gold nanorods. We systematically explored the impact of nanorod geometry (in particular size and aspect ratio) and orientation on secondary electron emission and deposited energy ratio, providing validated results against previously published simulations. Main results. Our findings demonstrate that gold nanorods exhibit comparable secondary electron emission to their spherical counterparts. Notably, nanorods with smaller surface-area-to-volume ratios (SA:V) and alignment with the incident photon beam proved to be more efficient radiosensitizing agents, showing superiority in emitted electron fluence. However, in the microscale, the deposited energy ratio (DER) was not markedly influenced by the SA:V of the nanorod. Additionally, our findings revealed that the geometry of gold nanoparticles has a more significant impact on the emission of M-shell Auger electrons (with energies below 3.5 keV) than on higher-energy electrons. Significance. This research investigated the radiosensitization properties of gold nanorods, positioning them as promising alternatives to the more conventionally studied spherical gold nanoparticles in the context of cancer research. With increasing interest in multimodal cancer therapy, our findings have the potential to contribute valuable insights into the perspective of gold nanorods as effective multipurpose agents for synergistic photothermal therapy and radiotherapy. Future directions may involve exploring alternative metallic nanorods as well as further optimizing the geometry and coating materials, opening new possibilities for more effective cancer treatments.
Reduction of fast ion drag in the presence of ‘hollow’ non-Maxwellian electron distributions
Authors: Robinson A P L
Published: January 2024

It is argued that the electronic stopping power in a plasma should be expected to exhibit significant differences in the presence of effects that shift the electron distribution function away from a Maxwellian. This is potentially important for nuclear reactions produced by laser-driven ion beams, where non-Maxwellian effects may have to be considered. We have calculated the electronic stopping power for a number of model distributions. Importantly, comparisons with the Maxwellian are done under the condition of energy density parity. ‘Hollow’ electron distribution functions (e.g.

f
∝

v
n

f

max

) could be expected to show a reduced stopping power (when

v

i

/

v

t

<
1

). We show that this is indeed the case and that the difference can become a factor of 70. The super-Gaussian electron distribution function, on the other hand, will always show a higher stopping power than the Maxwellian for orders greater than 2.
Integrated 2T1C pixel circuit with a-Si TFT and NMOS for active matrix mini-LED displays
Authors: Zhong Chenming , Li Guangyao , Zheng Xi , Zhu Lihong , Zhuang Jianbang , Lu Yijun , Chen Zhong , Guo Weijie
Published: January 2024

The 2T1C pixel driver circuit for mini-LED direct display has been proposed, which separates the switching transistor and the driver transistor from the same display substrate, replaces the driver transistor with n-metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS), and combines printed circuit board substrate and thin-film transistor (TFT) substrate to improve the driving capability of the circuit. The NMOS was soldered with mini-LEDs simultaneously onto a substrate which connects to the a-Si TFT array. Two driving modes for a 32-level gray-scale display panel were investigated to compare the voltage-current and optical characteristics. The results demonstrated that the drain-driving mode is better suited for high brightness and high-power display application scenarios as it supports higher-driven currents, but the source-driving mode is more appropriate for precision gray-scale applications due to the higher current linearity of the mode.
On the conclusive detection of Majorana zero modes: conductance spectroscopy, disconnected entanglement entropy and the fermion parity noise
Authors: Arora Arnav , Kejriwal Abhishek , Muralidharan Bhaskaran
Published: January 2024

Semiconducting nanowires with strong Rashba spin–orbit coupling in the proximity with a superconductor and under a strong Zeeman field can potentially manifest Majorana zero modes (MZMs) at their edges and are a topical candidate for topological superconductivity. However, protocols for their detection based on the local and the non-local conductance spectroscopy have been subject to intense scrutiny. In this work, by taking current experimental setups into account, we detail mathematical ideas related to the entanglement entropy and the fermion parity fluctuations to faithfully distinguish between true MZMs and trivial quasi-MZMs. We demonstrate that the disconnected entanglement entropy, derived from the von Neumann entanglement entropy, provides a distinct and robust signature of the topological phase transition which is immune to system parameters, size and disorders. In order to understand the entanglement entropy of the Rashba nanowire system, we establish its connection to a model of interacting spinfull Kitaev chains. Moreover, we relate the entanglement entropy to the fermionic parity fluctuation, and show that it behaves concordantly with entanglement entropy, hence making it a suitable metric for the detection of MZMs. In connection with the topological gap protocol that is based on the conductance spectra, the aforesaid metrics can reliably point toward the topological transitions even in realistic setups.
Performance Evaluation of Single Slope Tilted Wick Solar Still with Varying Salt Concentrations
Authors: Negi Akashdeep , Ranakoti Lalit , Verma Rajesh P.
Published: January 2024

In this present article, a thorough study of a single-slope solar still has been conducted. The single slope solar still was modified with an inclined wick at 30°. The basin water was varied with different salt concentrations (0 %, 2 %, and 4 %). The study was performed for four different cases viz: (1) Conventional Solar Still (CSS) (2) Tilted wick Solar Still (TWSS) with 0 % salt concentration (3) TWSS with 2 % salt concentration (4) TWSS with 4 % salt concentration. The experiment was conducted under constant radiation of 500 W/m2 that was provided with the help of external panels. The functional correlation between basin water temperature (Tw) and time has been established. Moreover, from the obtained results best distillate output was acquired at 2 % salt concentration as the salt particles trapped inside the wick pores help to increase the evaporation rate effectively. The overall distillate output increased by 8.3 %, 17.5 %, and 8.5 % for Case 2, Case 3, and Case 4 when compared to Case 1 respectively.
Comparative Study of Voltage Equalizing Circuits for Photovoltaic String
Authors: Raghav Rashmi , Mittal Alok Prakash , Kumar Bhavnesh
Published: January 2024

Partial shading is one of the inevitable condition that photovoltaic (PV) strings encounter. When photovoltaic strings are partially shaded, numerous peaks appear on their power versus voltage (P-V) characteristic curve, significantly reducing their ability to deliver power. This paper presents, three power electronics topologies that permit voltage equalization by charge redistribution between the PV modules wired in series. Three popular topologies, namely; switched-capacitor (SC), Buck-boost switched capacitor (BBSC) and PWM with switched capacitor (SC-PWM) converters have been examined. Complete experimentation have been done using MATLAB/Simulink environment. A comparative analysis have been done under various shading conditions. The findings demonstrate that the converters under consideration can improve the performance of string under partial shading.
Design of HVAC System using the Phenomena of Diurnal Temperature fluctuation
Authors: Kaname Prajwal , Jha Deepak , Kamble Kunal , Ghutke Rutuja , Jagtap Varsha P. , Kolekar Pratiksha , Gujar Shilpa
Published: January 2024

The total energy usage of the domestic sector accounts for 35.3% of total global energy consumption of this percentage, 50% is used for room and domestic HVAC systems. We worked for designing a standard module to achieve the maximum temperature difference. In this paper Diurnal Temperature Variation phenomena has been studied. The standard Simulation of the HVAC system using Diurnal Temperature Variation has been performed. The current work is a scale down model of Ground Source Heat Pump which is totally renewable in nature. This scale down model works on Diurnal temperature variation. Diurnal temperature fluctuation is the temperature difference obtained during the daytime and night time with higher and lower soil temperature. Same phenomenon is used to obtain a cooling effect and heating effect as we go deeper inside the Earth. The current work is complete replica of Ground source heat pump where the application of this phenomenon is used. Air as a flowing media is used for heat transfer between soil. The air is meant to be flown through the capillary tubes and at certain depth we get a cooling or heating effect according to atmospheric conditions. Along with that we do have to care about the human leisure requirements, for the very purpose we are also passing some amount of fresh air along with reusing the cool air inside the room by flowing it through the walls of room to provide insulation against the infiltrating heat and other elements that add temperature inside the room. It has been identified the 10.40% reduction in atmospheric air and hence it can be concluded that the geothermal HVAC system can be a sustainable and energy efficient alternative to traditional HVAC system. Also identified that the geothermal HVAC systems offer a promising solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy efficiency in the building sector.
Thermo-Economic Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle with Different Working Fluids for Waste Heat Recovery from Coal-based Power Plant
Authors: Choudhary Nitesh Kumar , Karmakar Sujit
Published: January 2024

The utilization of waste heat from power plants, which is generally lost to the atmosphere, can reduce energy waste significantly. Heat recovery systems can be integrated with power plants to utilize the waste heat, improving plant energy efficiency and reducing fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions. The current study is focused on harnessing waste heat through the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) from 500 MWe supercritical power plant with CO2 capture. The simulation flow sheet program “Cycle-Tempo” models and simulates different plant layouts. This study considered five different working fluids for ORC, such as R245fa, Benzene, Methanol, Ethanol, and Acetone. The ORC generates additional electricity of 9.91 MWe for R245fa, 14.11 MWe for Benzene, 13.71 MWe for Methanol, 14.04 MWe for Ethanol and 13.97 MWe for Acetone. The thermodynamic study concludes that ORC based on benzene is the best, and the economic analysis discloses that ORC based on ethanol is the best among all working fluids with a payback period of 0.869 years and cost of electricity of Rupees 1.101 per kWh. This study also concludes that the novel technique used in the present study is economically viable, contributing to a more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly power generation system.
Traditionally Originated Modern Technology Motivated Passive Downdraft Cooling System: An Eco-friendly Triple Harvest Solution
Authors: Bhatia Himmat
Published: January 2024

With rising heat waves and climate change, the big cities are meshing up with the buildings woven in urban fabric that are becoming power-guzzling air-conditioning machines that increase energy demand multi-fold. This has the side effect of heating up the environment because the return heat from air conditioners mixes with the surrounding air. This dents the microclimate and makes the micro and macro systems worse, as this process is continuous without break. So it will be a disaster for the environment in the future. To mitigate the problem, the paper borrows traditional wisdom to merge with smart technology and create comfortable built spaces in hot-dry and hot-humid weather conditions, based on the principles of evaporative cooling, the venturi effect, and the faraday law of electromagnetic induction. The output of adopting these principles creates comfort conditions for air ventilation with improved air quality and a natural air-conditioning system, ensuring the luxury of contact-free cool air in habitable spaces. The process is based on interoperability, which is built into the system to self-generate and consume renewable energy. The integration of information into the system is a spontaneous cycle of production and consumption of energy. This ensures its self-sufficiency, which bridges the research gap in the design of an upgraded passive downdraft cooling system with three self-sufficient and effective benefits in a single system.
A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Electric Vehicle’s Dynamics and its Essential Parameters
Authors: Madheshiya Pankaj , Maurya Arun Kumar , Rai Anil Kumar
Published: January 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) have become a popular and environmentally beneficial replacement for traditional internal combustion engine cars in recent years. This change has significantly increased research interest in comprehending the dynamics and key parameters of electric vehicles. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analytical study of electric vehicle dynamics, including an in-depth exploration of critical parameters that influence their performance, efficiency, and safety. By thoroughly examining various aspects related to EVs, this research aims to drive the advancement of EV technology and foster its widespread adoption for a greener and more sustainable future.
Fuzzy rules based smart irrigation system using adaptive bacterial foraging optimization
Authors: Bhoyar Chandrashekhar , Kanojia Komal Prasad , Chourasia Bharti
Published: January 2024

The practice of agriculture is heavily reliant on the implementation of irrigation systems. Technology improvements have made it unnecessary to rely on someone else to perform irrigation when we are out and whenever crops need to be watered. Many researchers have attempted to autonomously irrigate crops, but difficulties with accuracy, timing, and cost are rarely addressed and given top priority. The proposed approach employs a real-time sensor, wireless sensor network, the adaptive bacterial foraging optimization (ABFO) algorithm, and a fuzzy irrigation system control to achieve autonomous watering, thereby enabling smart irrigation. This method reduces waste while preserving the container’s water supply. Automated irrigation determines whether crops need to be watered by considering the type of crop, the weather, and the soil moisture and not soil moisture alone. The need for water is calculated using the three aforementioned criteria and fuzzy control drives the automation. Using an arduino-based IoT circuitry, the bioinspired model with algorithm adaptive bacterial foraging optimization, generates the optimized values for three parameters, which are then used by fuzzy logic control to predict the watering requirements of the plants. In terms of accuracy, timeliness, and cost, the suggested approach is advantageous. With this model, it is now possible to completely automate the irrigation system.
Implementation of Smart Agriculture System using IoT on ThingSpeak cloud and MATLAB
Authors: Sharma Ashim , Soni Gaurav , Aggarwal Nikhil
Published: January 2024

Today the use of advanced technology such as IoT devices in the field of agriculture is inevitable. There were no conventional methods to accurately predict the temperature changes or to detect the presence of an intruder in the field or to detect if a fire had broken out in the field. But with the advancement of various sensors in IoT, it has become very easy to acquire the data, analyze the data, or even take some immediate action like sending the notification to the user about any particular event. In this paper, a novel approach has been implemented to acquire and analyze the temperature data. An experimental model showing the interfacing of three sensors TMP36, PIR, and Gas sensor with Arduino has been presented. The transfer of data to the ThingSpeak cloud has also been done with the help of ESP8266 and further the analysis of data is done using MATLAB. This hardware interfacing ensures a small and cost effective design that is easily portable.
AGV Control using Voice Command
Authors: Kumar N , Agrawal A , Singh R , Ankur
Published: January 2024

Automated guided vehicles (AGV) have applications in various fields ranging from the process industry to many more. AGV has its history from the early 50s to till date. However, it’s been gone through several modifications in structure, design, and techniques. In its simple form, it completes its task using navigation. This paper aims to give a review of the various technological advancements in the field of Automated Guided Vehicle in the past few years. In this review, various navigational techniques and structural designs have been addressed. The various techniques of navigation have been studied and are used by various manufacturers in the world. The review includes the various structure of AGV which is currently in use in the market. In addition to this, the voice recognition technique has also been addressed.
Modelling of an Interconnected Power System using Solar-Wind Energy Integration
Authors: Kumar N , Agrawal A , Kumar J , Singh R
Published: January 2024

This paper revolves around the modification and improvement required for increasing the efficiency of the power generation and distribution system. As the demand for electricity and power consumption is increasing day by day, more efficient and capable system is required to reduce the burden and complicatedness of the power grid. The transformation or conversion of conventional power grid to smart grid which contains number of actuators, sensors and transducers which provides ability to control, analyse and maintain the grid which provides support for various types of new loads that are introducing in current period. Along with that, the involvement and guidance of the human element is also increasing rapidly in the power generation and distribution station. This involvement allows the monitoring, analysing, and recording the information to be done more precisely with less factors of error. Based on this, the simulation and integration of renewable energy sources simulated through MATLAB/Simulink reduces the burden on non-renewable source of energies such as Coal, Fuel, etc. Although it will be impossible to replace these sources completely but integrating such sources along with smart grid will allow to monitor and share information regarding the grid and its performance much efficiently. The data shared from smart grid plays a valuable role in estimation energy consumption and what may the demand in the future.
Towards a Sustainable Future: Design and Fabrication of a Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle
Authors: Heeraman Jatoth , Kalyani R , Amala Banoth
Published: January 2024

The integration of solar PV technology with the burgeoning EV market has the potential to expedite the transition towards sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation. By intertwining solar PV technology with the expanding EV landscape, this collaborative effort aims to secure a greener future for forthcoming generations. In particular, the performance, security, and long-term viability of solar-powered electric vehicles (EVs) hinge significantly upon the design of their chassis and body. Solar panels seamlessly integrated into the vehicle’s structure serve as sunlight receptors, transforming solar energy into electricity. This electricity, in turn, propels the vehicle’s engine or is efficiently stored in batteries for subsequent utilization. The intricate interplay between these elements underscores the complex nature of developing a successful solar-powered EV. By perspective and weaving together innovative technologies, sustainable design, and strategic integration, the endeavor to establish efficient and eco-friendly solar-powered EVs gains traction, ultimately contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable transportation future. This study undertakes a comprehensive evaluation, meticulously assessing the possibilities, challenges, and potential widespread application of solar PV-EV charging systems. This presents an opportunity for stakeholders to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of transportation. The findings of this research furnish invaluable insights that can catalyze decision-makers, businesses, and researchers in their efforts to drive a revolutionary transformation of the transportation industry.
Experimental Preliminary Measurements of CO2 Flux for Exploring Hidden Geothermal Systems
Authors: Iqbal Mochamad , Kubo Taiki
Published: January 2024

Geothermal energy is a promising renewable energy source, and to enhance its use, identifying Hidden Geothermal Systems (HGS) without thermal manifestations on the surface is a challenging subject. Soil CO2 flux monitoring has become an effective method for detecting HGS, different from traditional methods that target thermal indicators. Expensive portable CO2 gas analyzers are commonly used for this purpose, but their high cost prevents wide applications. Thus, this study tries to design and test a cost-effective solution for measuring CO2 flux while keeping high accuracy and reliability of measured data. The method incorporates a self-made accumulation chamber connected to a relatively inexpensive CO2 portable meter, the GasLab Pro Carbon Dioxide Sampling Data Logger CM-1000. The device uses non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) to detect CO2 and is equipped with a data logger for continuous monitoring. The CO2 flux measurement is performed using the accumulation chamber method. The reliability of this tool for detecting CO2 flux is evaluated, and the experimental results are verified by comparing them with an intelligent gas flow meter, the Shimadzu Intelligent Flow Meter DFM-1000. The tool is tested in various conditions, with CO2 flux values ranging from 3.30 to 1013.02 g m-2 day-1, proving capable of measuring CO2 flux up to 1000 g m-2 day-1. Field tests were conducted at 60 sites to evaluate the tool’s performance. The results suggest that the lower measurement limit of the tool is approximately 0.1 g m-2 day-1. Overall, the cost-effective solution holds promise as a reliable tool for investigating HGS, with potential applications in other environments with similar or higher CO2 flux rates. In addition, conducting further comparison studies with a common sophisticated automatic flux tool such as LI-COR 850 can help improve the accuracy and reliability of the tool.
Inspection Based Corrosion Rate Mapping for Remaining Strength and Remaining Life of Two-Phase Geothermal Steel Piping
Authors: Wiratmaja Puja IGN , Thasril Muhammad , Meliala Efrata Pratenta , Syuryana Ekha Panji , Maulana Mochamad Irvan , Kariem Muhammad Agus , Ali Muchamad Luthfi , Aufa Maris Fauzatun , Wiwi Ridha Firmansyah
Published: January 2024

Geothermal as green energy has many advantages for power generation due to cleanness, zero waste, and renewable. However, during the operational period, corrosion and scaling in two-phase geothermal steel piping are two main challenges that can cause leaks, reduce flow performance, and reduce safety. Therefore, the two-phase geothermal steel piping remaining strength and life analysis are conducted to manage its integrity. This paper presents a case study on the corrosion rate mapping, excessive corrosion, and scaling for a two-phase flow line in Well Pad B, one of the geothermal production facilities in Unit 1 Dieng, PT Geo Dipa Energi. The data used for this assessment refer to the results of the wall thickness inspection; meanwhile, the data used for scaling and corrosion analysis refer to field observation results. The results of the remaining strength calculation, using both ASME B31G Original and Modified methods, indicate that the remaining strength of all tested points was deemed acceptable in 2020. The remaining life calculation, based on API 579, reveals that the longest remaining life is 9.08 years and the shortest is 0.83 years in the long-term scenario. In the short-term scenario, the longest remaining life is 57.29 years and the shortest is 11.01 years. The corrosion rate is classified as Class I, based on the total key species, with a predictive corrosion rate value > 1.3 mm/year or 51.1 mpy (poor level). In the long-term scenario, the highest corrosion rate recorded is 258.7 mpy (unacceptable level), while the lowest is 39 mpy (fair level). In the short-term scenario, the highest corrosion rate observed is 23 mpy (fair level), and the lowest is 9 mpy (good level). Furthermore, based on the calculation of the Ryznar Stability Index, the fluid has the potential to generate heavy scale, with an RSI value of 4.1.
Excitons guided by polaritons
Authors: Mukherjee K , Wüster S
Published: January 2024

We show that an exciton on a discrete chain of sites can be guided by effective measurements induced by an ambient, non-equilibrium medium that is synchronised to the exciton transport. For experimental verification, we propose a hybrid cold atom platform, carrying the exciton as electronic excitation on a chain of atoms, which are surrounded by a slow light medium supporting polaritons. The chain is coupled to the medium through long-range Rydberg interactions. Despite the guiding mechanism being incoherent, the exciton pulse can be coherently transported with high fidelity, relying on effective quantum non-demolition measurements. These are enacted by the medium, measuring those parts of the Hilbertspace that are instantaneously not helpful for transport, which are thus effectively removed through a quantum Zeno effect. The implementation requires careful alignment of chain and medium but then no further time-dependent control. In addition to guidance, the same mechanism can also be utilized to incoherently switch coherent transport. Our concept can be ported to other exciton and polariton carrying media or devices, and will enable switches and waveguides operating with the two quasi particles involved, as we demonstrate.
Post-mastectomy Breast Reconstruction With Gas vs Saline Tissue Expanders: Does the Fill Type Matter?
Authors: Fijany Arman J , Chaker Sara C , Holan Cole A , Hung Ya-Ching , Montorfano Lisandro , Mubang Ronnie N , Olsson Sofia E , Bishay Anthony E , Vijayasekaran Aparna , Martinez-Jorge Jorys , Slater Elizabeth D , Lineaweaver William C
Published: January 2024

The most common reconstruction technique following mastectomy is a 2-stage technique that involves tissue expansion followed by definitive implant-based reconstruction (IBR). Tissue expanders (TEs) have classically used saline for initial fill; however, TEs with an initial gas fill (GTE)—including the CO2-based AeroForm (AirXpanders, San Francisco, CA) TE and TEs initially filled with atmospheric air—have been increasingly used in the past decade. We aimed to compare the outcomes in breast reconstruction for tissue expanders initially filled with saline vs gas. PubMed was queried for studies comparing gas- and saline-filled tissue expanders (STEs) used in IBR. A meta-analysis was performed on major postoperative outcomes and the required expansion and definitive reconstruction time. Eleven studies were selected and included in the analysis. No significant differences existed between tissue expansion with GTEs vs STEs for 11 of the 13 postoperative outcomes investigated. Out of the complications investigated, only the risk of infection/cellulitis/abscess formation was significantly lower in the GTE cohort (odds ratio 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.82; P = .0009). The time to definitive reconstruction was also significantly lower in the GTE cohort (mean difference [MD], 45.85 days; 95% CI, −57.80 to −33.90; P < .00001). The total time to full expansion approached significance in the GTE cohort (MD, −20.33 days; 95% CI, −41.71 to 1.04; P = .06). A cost analysis considering TE cost and infection risk determined that GTE use saved a predicted $2055.34 in overall healthcare costs. Surgical outcomes for both fill types were predominantly similar; however, GTEs were associated with a significantly decreased risk of postoperative infection compared to saline-filled TEs. GTEs could also reduce healthcare expenditures and require less time until definitive reconstruction after placement.

Level of Evidence: 3