bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA expression profiles in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury after treatment with 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3
Authors: Yang Yuan , He Bo , Yang Renhua , Chen Deyun , Zhang Xiaochao , Li Fajing , Shen Zhiqiang , Chen Peng
Published: January 2022

This study was aimed at investigating the differentially expressions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in the brains of a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) group and a MCAO/R + 20(R)-Rg3 group. Biological enrichment analysis was performed, and a lncRNA-mRNA coexpression network was constructed, to reveal the targets and pathways of 20(R)-Rg3 involved in the regulation of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). The RNA-seq high-throughput sequencing method was employed to detect differentially-expressed genes between the groups, which were verified by RT-PCR. Functional enrichment analyses of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were performed to explore the biological functions and relevant pathways. The coexpression network of the screened lncRNAs and mRNAs was built by using Cytoscape software. The results identified 77 upregulated lncRNAs, 162 downregulated lncRNAs, 66 upregulated mRNAs and 472 downregulated mRNAs in the MCAO/R + 20(R)-Rg3 group, compared with those in the MCAO/R group. GO enrichment analysis showed that the GO terms were mainly enriched in stimulation response, cellular response, and stress response. KEGG pathways were mainly related to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), NF-κB, cytokine, and other receptor signaling pathways. In addition, the coexpression analysis between lncRNA and mRNA identified 314 nodes and 515 connections between 6 lncRNAs and 308 mRNAs, of which 511 were positive and 4 were negative. Among them, ENSRNOG-00000059555 was strongly correlated with AABR07001160.1. This study revealed multiple lncRNAs were involved in the neuroprotection of 20(R)-Rg3 against CIRI and thereby provided new insights into the use of 20(R)-Rg3 as a novel neuro protectant in ischemic stroke management.
Reassessment of amphetamine- and phencyclidine-induced locomotor hyperactivity as a model of psychosis-like behavior in rats
Authors: Kusljic Snezana , van den Buuse Maarten , Gogos Andrea
Published: January 2022

Locomotor hyperactivity induced by psychotomimetic drugs, such as amphetamine and phencyclidine, is widely used as an animal model of psychosis-like behaviour and is commonly attributed to an interaction with dopamine release and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, respectively. However, what is often not sufficiently taken into account is that the pharmacological profile of these drugs is complex and may involve other neurotransmitter/receptor systems. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of three antagonists targeting different monoamine pathways on amphetamine- and phencyclidine-induced locomotor hyperactivity. A total of 32 rats were pre-treated with antagonists affecting dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic transmission: haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg), prazosin (2 mg/kg) and ritanserin (1 mg/kg), respectively. After 30 min of spontaneous activity, rats were injected with amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) or phencyclidine (2.5 mg/kg) and distance travelled, stereotypy and rearing recorded in photocell cages over 90 min. Pre-treatment with haloperidol or prazosin both reduced amphetamine-induced hyperactivity although pre-treatment with ritanserin had only a partial effect. None of the pre-treatments significantly altered the hyperlocomotion effects of phencyclidine. These findings suggest that noradrenergic as well as dopaminergic neurotransmission is critical for amphetamine-induced locomotor hyperactivity. Hyperlocomotion effects of phencyclidine are dependent on other factors, most likely NMDA receptor antagonism. These results help to interpret psychotomimetic drug-induced locomotor hyperactivity as an experimental model of psychosis.
Frontal lobe real-time EEG analysis using machine learning techniques for mental stress detection
Authors: AlShorman Omar , Masadeh Mahmoud , Heyat Md Belal Bin , Akhtar Faijan , Almahasneh Hossam , Ashraf Ghulam Md , Alexiou Athanasios
Published: January 2022

Stress has become a dangerous health problem in our life, especially in student education journey. Accordingly, previous methods have been conducted to detect mental stress based on biological and biochemical effects. Moreover, hormones, physiological effects, and skin temperature have been extensively used for stress detection. However, based on the recent literature, biological, biochemical, and physiological-based methods have shown inconsistent findings, which are initiated due to hormones’ instability. Therefore, it is crucial to study stress using different mechanisms such as Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. In this research study, the frontal lobes EEG spectrum analysis is applied to detect mental stress. Initially, we apply a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) as a feature extraction stage to measure all bands’ power density for the frontal lobe. After that, we used two type of classifications such as subject wise and mix (mental stress vs. control) using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes (NB) machine learning classifiers. Our obtained results of the average subject wise classification showed that the proposed technique has better accuracy (98.21%). Moreover, this technique has low complexity, high accuracy, simple and easy to use, no over fitting, and it could be used as a real-time and continuous monitoring technique for medical applications.
Acute ischemic stroke in a patient with Cogan's syndrome
Authors: Rolon Nicolás Contrera , Gemelli Nicolás Alejandro , Giannasi Sergio
Published: January 2022

Cogan’s syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by inflammatory eye and inner ear/vestibular disease. In some cases patients may present medium and large vessel vasculitis which may produce neurological manifestations. We present the case of a patient who was admitted with clinical manifestations of stroke. After intense study, Cogan’s syndrome was diagnosed and treated.
Roles of non-receptor tyrosine kinases in pathogenesis and treatment of depression
Authors: Wang John Q. , Derges Justin D. , Bodepudi Alaya , Pokala Nikhila , Mao Li-Min
Published: January 2022

Major depressive disorder is a chronic psychiatric disease with a high prevalence. Brain mechanisms for depression at cellular and molecular levels are far from clear. Increasing evidence from clinical and preclinical studies reveals critical roles of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase (nRTK) superfamily in the pathophysiology, symptomatology, and therapy of depression. To date, several nRTK members from three nRTK subfamilies, i.e., the Src family kinase (SFK), the Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) and the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) subfamilies, may connect to the intracellular, intranuclear, and synaptic signaling network linking chronic stress to depression- and anxiety-like behavior. These SFK/JAK/FAK nRTKs are abundantly expressed in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, two core limbic regions implicated in depression, and are enriched at synaptic sites. In various acute or chronic animal models of depression, the nRTKs were significantly altered (up- or downregulated) in their phosphorylation, expression, subcellular/subsynaptic distribution, and/or function. Stress that precipitates depressive behavior also influenced the interaction of nRTKs with other signaling molecules and downstream substrates, including ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. The commonly-used antidepressants showed the ability to alter nRTK activity. In sum, the limbic SFK/JAK/FAK nRTKs are sensitive to stress and undergo drastic adaptations in response to chronic depression. These long-lasting adaptations contribute to the remodeling of signaling network or synaptic plasticity critical for the vulnerability to depression and the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressants.
Traditional medicine in China for ischemic stroke: bioactive components, pharmacology, and mechanisms
Authors: Xu Min , Wu Rui-Xia , Li Xiao-Li , Zeng Yi-Shen , Liang Jia-Yang , Fu Ke , Liang Yuan , Wang Zhang
Published: January 2022

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease and the third most common cause of death after ischemic heart disease. Increasing attention is being paid to finding effective treatments through traditional medicine. Thus, studying the traditional medicine for the treatment of ischemic stroke is of great importance. Traditional medicine in China includes traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and other ethnic medicines, which is rich in variety and resources. This review first introduces the treatment mechanisms associated with ischemic stroke, such as antioxidant nitrification, antiexcitotoxic, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet and anticoagulation mechanisms. Then, we calculated the frequency of prescription use for ischemic stroke and summarized the treatments for ischemic stroke by investigating 13 drug monographs and standards. We found 192 prescriptions from the traditional medical system for ischemic stroke, including Angong Niuhuang pill, Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills, Ginkgo biloba leaf, and other traditional Chinese patent medicines and national medicines. There were 398 kinds of traditional medicine, including 301 kinds of plant-based medicines, 54 kinds of animal-based medicines, 28 kinds of mineral-based medicines, and 15 kinds of other medicines. We introduced the names, families, medicinal components, traditional uses, phytochemical information, and pharmacological activities of the commonly used Chinese patent medicines and TCMs. In addition, some chemicals were introduced. These medicines may be potential candidates for the treatment of ischemic stroke. This work provides a reference for the research and clinical use of new drugs for ischemic stroke.
Digital dementia in the internet generation: excessive screen time during brain development will increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in adulthood
Authors: Manwell Laurie A. , Tadros Merelle , Ciccarelli Tiana M. , Eikelboom Roelof
Published: January 2022

Converging evidence from biopsychosocial research in humans and animals demonstrates that chronic sensory stimulation (via excessive screen exposure) affects brain development increasing the risk of cognitive, emotional, and behavioural disorders in adolescents and young adults. Emerging evidence suggests that some of these effects are similar to those seen in adults with symptoms of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the early stages of dementia, including impaired concentration, orientation, acquisition of recent memories (anterograde amnesia), recall of past memories (retrograde amnesia), social functioning, and self-care. Excessive screen time is known to alter gray matter and white volumes in the brain, increase the risk of mental disorders, and impair acquisition of memories and learning which are known risk factors for dementia. Chronic sensory overstimulation (i.e., excessive screen time) during brain development increases the risk of accelerated neurodegeneration in adulthood (i.e., amnesia, early onset dementia). This relationship is affected by several mediating/moderating factors (e.g., IQ decline, learning impairments and mental illness). We hypothesize that excessive screen exposure during critical periods of development in Generation Z will lead to mild cognitive impairments in early to middle adulthood resulting in substantially increased rates of early onset dementia in later adulthood. We predict that from 2060 to 2100, the rates of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) will increase significantly, far above the Centres for Disease Control (CDC) projected estimates of a two-fold increase, to upwards of a four-to-six-fold increase. The CDC estimates are based entirely on factors related to the age, sex, race and ethnicity of individuals born before 1950 who did not have access to mobile digital technology during critical periods of brain development. Compared to previous generations, the average 17–19-year-old spends approximately 6 hours a day on mobile digital devices (MDD) (smartphones, tablets, and laptop computers) whereas individuals born before 1950 at the same age spent zero. Our estimates include the documented effects of excessive screen time on individuals born after 1980, Millennials and Generation Z, who will be the majority of individuals ≥65 years old. An estimated 4-to-6-fold increase in rates of ADRD post-2060 will result in widespread societal and economic distress and the complete collapse of already overburdened healthcare systems in developed countries. Preventative measures must be set in place immediately including investments and interventions in public education, social policy, laws, and healthcare.
Revealing differential importance of word categories in spoken sentence comprehension using phoneme-related representation
Authors: Thi Trang-Le , Na Youngmin , Choi Inyong , Woo Jihwan
Published: January 2022

Background: Verbal communication comprises the retrieval of semantic and syntactic information elicited by various kinds of words (i.e., parts of speech) in a sentence. Content words, such as nouns and verbs, convey essential information about the overall meaning (semantics) of a sentence, whereas function words, such as prepositions and pronouns, carry less meaning and support the syntax of the sentence. Methods: This study aimed to identify neural correlates of the differential information retrieval processes for several parts of speech (i.e., content and function words, nouns and verbs, and objects and subjects) via electroencephalography performed during English spoken-sentence comprehension in thirteen participants with normal hearing. Recently, phoneme-related information has become a potential acoustic feature to investigate human speech processing. Therefore, in this study, we examined the importance of various parts of speech over sentence processing using information about the onset time of phonemes. Results: The distinction in the strength of cortical responses in language-related brain regions provides the neurological evidence that content words, nouns, and objects are dominant compared to function words, verbs, and subjects in spoken sentences, respectively. Conclusions: The findings of this study may provide insights into the different contributions of certain types of words over others to the overall process of sentence understanding.
Programmed cell death in cerebellar Purkinje neurons
Authors: Erekat Nour S.
Published: January 2022

Apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis are the three main types of programmed cell death. One or more of these types of programmed cell death may take place in neurons leading to their death in various neurodegenerative disorders in humans. Purkinje neurons (PNs) are among the most highly vulnerable population of neurons to cell death in response to intrinsic hereditary diseases or extrinsic toxic, hypoxic, ischemic, and traumatic injury. In this review, we will describe the three main types of programmed cell death, including the molecular mechanisms and the sequence of events in each of them, and thus illustrating the intracellular proteins that mediate and regulate each of these types. Then, we will discuss the role of Ca2+ in PN function and increased vulnerability to cell death. Additionally, PN death will be described in animal models, namely lurcher mutant mouse and shaker mutant rat, in order to illustrate the potential therapeutic implications of programmed cell death in PNs by reviewing the previous studies that were carried out to interfere with the programmed cell death in an attempt to rescue PNs from death.
Transcriptomic profile of epileptic children treated with ketogenic therapies
Authors: Ruiz-Herrero Jana , Olaso-Gonzalez Gloria , Serna Eva , Cañedo-Villarroya Elvira , Correas Angela G. , Gambini Juan , Gomez-Cabrera Mari Carmen , Pedrón-Giner Consuelo , Vina Jose
Published: January 2022

Background: Ketogenic dietary therapies (KDT) are used as a treatment in childhood epilepsy. However, their mechanism has not yet been established. The main objective of this study was to determine the changes in the transcriptomic profile induced by KDT in children with epilepsy in order to shed light on its possible mechanisms. Methods: Eight children with refractory epilepsy were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained before and after the children were treated with KDT for a minimum of 6 months. RNA was extracted and mRNA and miRNA profiling were performed and analyzed. Results: Our intervention with KDT significantly reduced the seizure number in seven of the eight paediatric patients treated and caused important changes in their gene expression profile. Our study reveals modifications in the transcription of 4630 genes and 230 miRNAs. We found that the genes involved in the protection against epileptic crises were among those mainly changed. These genes collectively encode for ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors, and synapse structural proteins. Conclusions: Together our results explain the possible mechanisms of KDT and reinforce its clinical importance in the treatment of epilepsy.
Targeting the neurological comorbidities of multiple sclerosis: the beneficial effects of VIP and PACAP neuropeptides
Authors: Jansen Margo I. , Broome Sarah Thomas , Castorina Alessandro
Published: January 2022

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are two widely expressed neuropeptides with important immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties in the central nervous system (CNS). Both VIP and PACAP have been implicated in several neurological diseases and have shown favourable effects in different animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the CNS affecting over 2.5 million people worldwide. The disease is characterised by extensive neuroinflammation, demyelination and axonal loss. Currently, there is no cure for MS, with treatment options only displaying partial efficacy. Importantly, epidemiological studies in the MS population have demonstrated that there is a high incidence of neurological and psychological comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, epilepsy and stroke among afflicted people. Hence, given the widespread protective effects of the VIP/PACAP system in the CNS, this review will aim at exploring the beneficial roles of VIP and PACAP in ameliorating some of the most common neurological comorbidities associated with MS. The final scope of the review is to put more emphasis on how targeting the VIP/PACAP system may be an effective therapeutic strategy to modify MS disease course and its associated comorbidities.
Aching face and hand: the interoceptive attentiveness and social context in relation to empathy for pain
Authors: Balconi Michela , Angioletti Laura
Published: January 2022

This research explored how the manipulation of interoceptive attentiveness (IA) can influence the frontal (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and somatosensory cortices) activity associated with the emotional regulation and sensory response of observing pain in others. 20 individuals were asked to observe face versus hand, painful/non-painful stimuli in an individual versus social condition while brain hemodynamic response (oxygenated (O2Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) components) was measured via functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). Images represented either a single person (individual condition) or two persons in social interaction (social condition) both for the pain and body part set of stimuli. The participants were split into experimental (EXP) and control (CNT) groups, with the EXP explicitly required to concentrate on its interoceptive correlates while observing the stimuli. Quantitative statistical analyses were applied to both oxy- and deoxy-Hb data. Firstly, significantly higher brain responsiveness was detected for pain in comparison to no-pain stimuli in the individual condition. Secondly, a left/right hemispheric lateralization was found for the individual and social condition, respectively, in both groups. Besides, both groups showed higher DLPFC activation for face stimuli presented in the individual condition compared to hand stimuli in the social condition. However, face stimuli activation prevailed for the EXP group, suggesting the IA phenomenon has certain features, namely it manifests itself in the individual condition and for pain stimuli. We can conclude that IA promoted the recruitment of internal adaptive regulatory strategies by engaging both DLPFC and somatosensory regions towards emotionally relevant stimuli.
Surgical aspects using an exoscope for corpus callosotomy: initial experience for epilepsy surgery
Authors: Tomoto Kyoichi , Nozaki Toshiki , Inenaga Chikanori , Fujimoto Ayataka
Published: January 2022

The exoscope is a new form of optic device that has begun to be used in the last decade. The exoscope provides high-quality magnification and illumination at depth, allowing easy manipulation of surgical instruments even in narrow surgical fields. Exoscopic corpus callosotomy (CC) has not been reported. We report herein our initial experience with the utility of exoscopic CC. A 3-year-old boy diagnosed with West syndrome at 4 months old was referred to our hospital. As the seizure spasms were considered to carry a risk of severe traumatic injury, we performed exoscopic CC as palliative therapy. An EX VITOM 3D exoscope and 4K-3D surgical monitor were used during the procedure. No surgical complications that could be related to exoscope use were noted. Operative time for exoscopic CC was comparable to that for microscopic CC, despite a lack of previous experience with the equipment. Stereoscopic vision was easily obtained. The exoscope was perceived as providing higher quality magnification. We report our first clinical experience of exoscopic CC. The exoscope appears useful in the field of epilepsy surgery.
Citrus limon L. (lemon) seed extract shows neuro-modulatory activity in an in vivo thiopental-sodium sleep model by reducing the sleep onset and enhancing the sleep duration
Authors: Rahman Md. Mominur , Islam Fahadul , Parvez Anwar , Azad Md. A.K. , Ashraf Ghulam Md , Ullah Mohammad Fahad , Ahmed Muniruddin
Published: January 2022

Citrus limon L. is an ingenious alternative medication and has a broad scope in managing several health conditions as part of natural remedies. Recently, medicinal plants have witnessed incredible consideration worldwide in the field of neuroscience for remedial intervention. The present work has investigated the phytochemical compounds and neuropharmacological potential of the seed extract of Citrus limon as a step to partially validate its formulations as nutraceuticals using an in vivo model. Diverse phytochemical groups such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, gums, saponins, steroids were qualitatively identified through colorimetric methods utilizing standard compounds. The neuropharmacological properties were studied in Swiss albino mice with the sleep time induced by thiopental sodium taken as an end-point, in standard hole cross, hole board, and open-field experiments at varying doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight. Phytochemical screening showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and glycosides are present in the aqueous extract of the seed. The extracts demonstrated a significant reduction in sleep onset and enhanced the sleep duration in a dose-dependent manner in thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time, along with a marked decrease in unconstrained locomotors and explorative properties in both hole cross and open field tests. Moreover, in the hole board study, the extracts minimized the count of head dips observed in the treated mice. The results shown in this study demonstrate that Citrus limon extracts have neuropharmacological properties that can be further examined for their potential role as an adjuvant with conventional medications or nutraceuticals.
Assessing cardiovascular links to depression and anxiety in Australian professional drivers
Authors: Chalmers Taryn , Lal Sara
Published: January 2022

Train and truck drivers experience a myriad of unique occupational factors, which have been postulated to contribute to a high incidence of health conditions such as depression anxiety and cardiovascular disease amongst this population. The present study aimed to identify associations between heart rate variability and negative mood states such as depression and anxiety in a cohort of Australian truck and train drivers. 120 professional drivers (60 truck drivers, 60 train drivers) were recruited from the local community. Participants complete a battery of psychometric questionnaires to assess levels of negative mood states such as depression and anxiety. Participants then completed a baseline (resting) and active (driving) task while concurrent electrocardiography data was collected to obtain heart rate variability parameters. Anxiety and depression were found to be associated with increases in low frequency heart rate variability and sympathovagal balance, and a reduction in total power. The present study identified associations between negative mood states and heart rate variability parameters that are unique to this cohort.
Paraphoma Garibaldii Sp. Nov. Causing Leaf Spot Disease of Campanula Rapunculoides in Italy
Authors: Guarnaccia V. , Martino I. , Tabone G. , Crous P.W. , Gullino M.L.
Published: January 2022

Leaf and stem spots are among the most important diseases compromising ornamental plants worldwide. In this study, Paraphoma garibaldii sp. nov. is described from leaf lesions on Campanula rapunculoides in Piedmont, Northern Italy. The new species was characterised using
a polyphasic approach including morphological characterisation and a multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis based on partial nucleotide sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1), the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region and the β-tubulin (tub2)
markers. Pathogenicity tests and the fulfilment of Koch's postulates confirm P. garibaldii as a novel foliar pathogen of Campanula rapunculoides . Presently, the fungal infection due to Paraphoma garibaldii is known from a single location in Italy, and further surveys
are required to determine its distribution and relative importance.
An Article on Growth of Smart Beta Fund Investment in Indian Financial Market
Authors: Thacker Charmy
Published: January 2022

In 21st century people want each and every gadget and tool to be smart So do they need some smart investment strategies. This article is all about smart beta investment strategies which is combination of both active and passive management strategies. It also Focuses on factors, types growth, pros and cons of Smart Beta Funds. Main aim here is to clarify the concept of Smart beta and how it has been adapted in India.
Síndrome de Irvine Gass, patología secundaria a cirugía de catarata
Authors: Hernández Chacón José Roberto , Torres Morales Sheirys Arleth , Hernández Chacón Evelyn María
Published: January 2022

El edema macular quístico, también conocido como el síndrome de Irvine Gass se trata de un edema macular postquirúrgico, siendo la principal causa de perdida de agudeza visual posterior a una cirugía oftálmica.  El paciente presenta una clínica con disminución de la agudeza visual y metamorfopsia entre el 1-2% de los casos. La incidencia máxima ocurre en promedio 6 semanas después de la cirugía, sin embargo, el edema macular quístico subclínico puede estar presente en el 30% de los pacientes y se diagnostica por medio de angiografía u tomografía de coherencia óptica. Dentro de los factores de riesgo se encuentran aquellos que producen inflamación postquirúrgica, o también se pueden considerar los factores de riesgo propios en los pacientes como la uveítis, diabetes mellitus, presencia de membrana epiretiniana o la oclusión de vena retiniana. Puede causar baja agudeza visual, metamorfopsia y células en la cámara anterior. El diagnóstico se realiza a través de la clínica del paciente, por medio de la oftalmoscopia indirecta. La historia natural del SIG es la resolución espontánea, pero la recuperación puede llevar semanas o meses. Las terapias van dirigidas a reducir la inflamación generada por la enfermedad.
Online Assessment of Islamic Religious Education Learning
Authors: Azis Abdul , Abou-Samra Reem , Aprilianto Anadika
Published: January 2022

This article describes the planning and implementation of online-based exam evaluations in Islamic Religious Education Learning at the Nahdlatul Ulama 05 Brangsong High School. This article uses qualitative research with a case study approach. For data collection, researchers used observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The results of this article are Planning for online-based assessment evaluation in Islamic Religious Education learning at SMA NU 05 Brangsong, (1) Planning in general (a) Preparation of school work programs, (b) Formation of an exam committee, (c) Preparing equipment both hardware and software. (2) Planning specifically, namely by (a) determining goals, (b) identifying student abilities, (c) compiling question grids and question cards, (d) making questions, (e) evaluation and analysis, (f) revision and creating new questions. Implementation of online-based exam evaluation in Islamic Religious Education learning at SMA NU 05 Brangsong, (1) implementation of pre-exams (2) Preparation and preparation of test schedules, (3) Division of test rooms, (4) Installing applications. Implementation of the assessment, (5) fill in the username and password, (6) do the questions, (7) end the test.
STRESS AKADEMIK DAN COPING MAHASISWA MENGHADAPI PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Putri Amallia , Yuline Yuline
Published: January 2022

Studi literatur ini disusun dengan tujuan untuk memaparkan kondisi stress akademik serta coping yang dilakukan mahasiswa mengatasi stress akademik dalam pembelajaran online dimasa pandemi covid-19. Dalam menelaah beberapa jurnal mengenai stress akademik mahasiswa, diperoleh bahwa pandemi serta perubahan yang terjadi pada proses pembelajaran membuat meningkatnya stress akademik mahasiswa. Banyak permasalahan yang bermunculan akibat dari meningkatnya stress akademik. Untuk mengatasinya mahasiswa perlu melakukan strategi coping stress untuk mengurangi perasaan stress yang terjadi. Coping dimaknai sebagai sebuah usaha individu untuk dapat mengatasi stress yang menghampirinya melalui perubahan kognitif atau perilaku agar memperoleh perasaan aman pada dirinya. Coping stress ini dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu: 1) Problem focused copping yang mengubah atau menghilangkan stressor dan mengurangi dampak stress melalui tindakan individu itu sendiri, dan 2) Emotional focused coping yaitu dengan mengubah cara individu secara emosional bereaksi terhadap penyebab stress. Dengan informasi mengenai pengelolaan stress akademik melalui coping stress mahasiswa diharapkan lebih peduli dan sadar sehingga dapat mengurangi tekanan psikologis dalam menghadapi pembelajaran online dimasa pandemi covid-19.____________________________________________________________This literature study was compiled with the aim of explaining the conditions of academic stress and the coping done by students to overcome academic stress in online learning during the covid-19 pandemic. In reviewing several journals regarding student academic stress, it was found that the pandemic and changes that occurred in the learning process had increased student academic stress. Many problems arise as a result of increased academic stress. To overcome this, students need to do stress coping strategies to reduce feelings of stress that occur. Coping is interpreted as an individual's effort to be able to overcome the stress that comes to him through cognitive or behavioral changes in order to gain a feeling of security in himself. Coping stress can be done in two ways, namely: 1) Problem focused coping that changes or eliminates stressors and reduces the impact of stress through the individual's own actions, and 2) Emotional focused coping, namely by changing the way individuals emotionally react to stressors. With information on managing academic stress through coping with stress, students are expected to be more concerned and aware so that they can reduce psychological pressure in dealing with online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
CYBERCOUNSELING SEBAGAI INOVASI KONSELOR MENGHADAPI TANTANGAN DISRUPSI PADA ERA SOCIETY 5.0
Authors: Ayuni Ball Qiss , Umaria Syarifah Runika , Putri Amallia
Published: January 2022

Individu tidak dapat terlepas dari pembaharuan teknologi dengan era yang terus bergerak. Cybercounseling justru tidak akan menjadi suatu hal menakutkan akan menggantikan peran konselor di era society.Tantangan yang hadir juga memengaruhi kinerja konselor dan apabila menghindar akan jauh tertinggal serta profesi konselor akan tidak lagi dilirik sebagai profesi yang dapat menangani masalah dengan responsif. Hingga cybercounseling hadir membantu mempermudah kinerja konselor dengan menghadirkan kelebihan yang telah dipaparkan. Di perlukan pula bentuk pengawasan yaitu supervisi cybercounseling Hal ini penting untuk menilai bagaimana melaksanakan konseling secara online (a) berkomunikasi dan mempertahankan empati, (b) memahami cerita konseli, (c) menghadapi tantangan disrupsi, dan (d) mengevaluasi efektivitas konselor. Penulis membahas beberapa hal mengenai artikel konseptual dengan menyajikan lieratur berdasarkan hal yang relevan pada era society 5.0  dengan adanya inovasi cybercounseling konselor akan senantiasa memiliki ketuntasan kompetensi profesional serta mendorong kebermanfaatan konselor agar terus bergerak dari perkembangan zaman yang terbaru sebagai konselor yang inovatif dan mengikuti kebaruan.____________________________________________________________________People are constantly evolving, and individuals cannot do without technological updates. Cybercounseling will not be a scary thing, it will replace the role of the counselor in the era of society. The challenges that are present also affect the performance of the counselors and if they avoid it, they will be far behind and the counselor profession will no longer be looked at as a profession that can handle problems responsively. Until cybercounseling comes to help facilitate the performance of counselors by presenting the advantages that have been described. A form of supervision is also needed, namely cybercounseling supervision. It is important to assess how to carry out online counseling (a) communicate and maintain empathy, (b) understand the counselee's story, (c) face the challenges of disruption, and (d) evaluate the effectiveness of the counselor. The author discusses several things about conceptual articles by presenting literature based on things that are relevant in the era of society 5.0 This article with the literature review method aims to capture the insight of counselors, with the innovation of cybercounseling counselors will always have complete professional competence and encourage the usefulness of counselors so that they continue to move from developments. the latest era as a counselor who is innovative and follows the novelty.
UJI SITOTOKSIK TUMBUHAN OBAT DI HUTAN ADAT SINAGA SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: SITOHANG NURLI SITOHANG
Published: January 2022

Toxicity test can be conduct using Artemia salina shrimp larvae.  For this reason do a research aimed to identifying 5 types of medicinal plants, and assessing the bioactivity content of five types of anticancer medicinal plants as cytotoxic. Sinaga Customary Forest Area is an area located in Samosir Regency, North Sumatra with a condition that has a variety of medicinal plant species. Medicinal plants are able to treat the cancer. Extracting the maceration of the sample on 70% ethanol and evaluating the sample. data analysis was carried out by LC50 that is an indication of the toxicity of a substance or compound that cause 50% death in the larvae of Artemia Salina Leach. The test results on plants showed that the extract from plant leaves was very toxic because it had a LC50 value <30 ppm. Therefore, found the results that thereare cytotoxic content of medicinal plants as anticancer with each plant that concentrated. The most toxic plant are found in pirdot plants (Saurauia vulcanii). Testing of secondary metabolites on five types of medicinal plants that function as anticancer contain phytochemicals.
IMPLEMENTASI KEGIATAN RESTORASI GAMBUT DAN FENOMENA KEBAKARAN LAHAN DAN HUTAN DI DESA LUKUN, KECAMATAN TEBING TINGGI TIMUR, KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN MERANTI
Authors: Astika Yuli , Nurul Qomar  , Sigit Sutikno
Published: January 2022

Forest and land fires in Indonesia have become an annual occurrence in every dry season. The government's effort to overcome this is by issuing a peat restoration policy at the end of 2015. Although several peat restoration activities have been implemented, fires still occur every year so that they require effective handling and coordination of the implementation of peat restoration activities. This study aims to determine peatland restoration activities and the phenomenon of land and forest fires in Lukun Village, Tebing Tinggi Timur Sub District, Kepulauan Meranti Regency. The research method was carried out using a qualitative approach. Data were collected with careful observation, including detailed descriptions in context accompanied by in-depth interview notes, as well as document studies. The results show that land and forest fires occur every year, while peatland restoration activities have been carried out since 2017 including rewetting, revegetation, and revitalizing people's livelihoods, but restoration activities are not much done in land and forest prone to burning in the village while land fires and forests continue to occur in areas prone to fire
IDENTIFIKASI KELIMPAHAN JENIS SATWA MANGSA HARIMAU SUMATRA (Panthera tigris sumatrae) MENGGUNAKAN KAMERA JEBAK DI RESORT TALANG LAKAT TAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT TIGA PULUH
Authors: Foulton Andy , Yoza Defri , Oktorini Yossi
Published: January 2022

Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park is one of the national parks in Indonesia used as a conservation area for the sumatran tiger. The existence of the sumatran tiger is not separate from the ability of forest areas to provide habitat components, such as sources of food, water, and shelter. This research aimed to identify the animal species and abundance of sumatran tiger prey species at Talang Lakat Resort, Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park. Data collected by camera trap as primary data and secondary data collected at the Bukit Tiga puluh National Park Hall. The data were analyzed using the formula of species abundance and encounter rate. Based on the data results, there are five types of sumatran tiger prey recorded by camera traps in 2020, such as Helarctos malayanus, Macaca nemestrina, Argusiana argus, Hystrix Brachyura, and Muntiacus muntjak. The prey species with the highest species abundance and RAI values ​​in 2020 were Macaca nemestrina with a species abundance value of 40% and RAI 14 photos/day, while the lowest species abundance values ​​were Helarctos malayanus with a value of 7% and RAI 5 photos/day.
SEBARAN POTENSI HUTAN PINUS DAN PERANNYA TERHADAP PERBAIKAN KONDISI HUTAN DI PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Tajuddin Tajuddin , Suryanto Doddy Ari
Published: January 2022

Pine forests in South Sulawesi are evidence of the success of the government's reforestation program. The purpose of this study was to describe a map of the distribution of pine forests and their role in improving forest conditions in South Sulawesi Province. Mapping of the distribution of pine forests through an overlay of village administrative maps that have pine potential based on information from informants with maps of forest areas. An analysis of changes in land cover and land use to determine the role of pine forests in improving forest conditions, in locations identified as having pine forest potential. We find that the potential for pine forests is spread across 18 districts/cities in South Sulawesi Province. Furthermore, pine forests planted in reforestation programs have improved forest cover conditions.  The choice of pine species that provide economic benefits makes people tend to maintain pine stands because they can be used as a source of livelihood.
Clinical manifestations of coronary artery embolism due to heart tumors
Authors:   M.M. Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Vitovsky R.M. , Isaіenko V.V. ,   M.M. Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kupchinsky O.V. ,   M.M. Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Martyschenko I.V. ,   M.M. Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Serdyuk M.M. ,   M.M. Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2022

The aim – to present the features of the clinical manifestations and course of two cases of embolism of the coronary arteries, in which fragments of left atrial (LA) tumors served as the embolic substrate. Materials and methods. This article discusses two cases of embolism with tumor fragments of the coronary arteries. In this case, the neoplasms were located in the left heart. Of particular interest is the fact that the clinical manifestations of embolism varied significantly, from severe pain requiring endovascular intervention, to minor discomfort lasting for several hours, without necessity of the inpatient treatment. Results. It should be noted that in both cases, a tumor lesion of the heart was detected several months after primary manifestation of the disease, namely, embolism of the coronary arteries. Echocardiography study made possible to get a correct diagnosis. In one case it was a routine examination 6 months after stenting of the coronary artery. The reason to perform echocardiography in another case was the result of electrocardiography, showing necrotic changes of the left ventricular posterior wall. In both cases, echocardiographic data prompted immediate surgery of the neoplasms. The structure of neoplasm samples obtained as a result of the surgery confirmed the possibility of coronary artery embolism with tumor fragments. Conclusions. Embolic complications may be a first manifestation of cardiac tumor. Fragmentation of the heart neoplasms may lead to damage of the cerebral and coronary arteries. Embolic complications can occur in young patients. Coronary artery embolism in cardiac tumors is associated with diverse clinical manifestations. Key words: myxoma, heart tumors, embolic complications, coronary arteries, coronary angiography.
Beneficial Ownership in Sharī‘ah and Modern law: A case of Sovereign and Quasi-Sovereign Ijārah Ṣukūk Structures in Pakistan, Bahrain, and Malaysia
Authors: Cheema Shoaib , Muhammad Tahir Mansoori  , Abdul Karim Usman
Published: January 2022

The concept of beneficial ownership has been tremendously used in the sovereign and Quasi-sovereign ijārah ṣukūk structuring on a mega scale. This paper aims to examine the meaning of beneficial ownership and its recognition in the light of classical and modern Islamic jurisprudence. It overviews the laws related to beneficial ownership in the Pakistani, Bahraini, and Malaysian legal regimes, and further elaborates Sharīʿah appraisal of beneficial ownership focusing on its characteristics in Sharīʿah. The findings of this study present that the legal status of ownership as per Sharī‘ah is a need-based phenomenon and not a mandatory requirement. Hence, if the transaction fills the ahkam (commands) for milkiyah and tamlikat (ownership) then the transfer of ownership is a compulsory element for the sale consequences. Moreover, it also explains that the use of beneficial ownership in sovereign and quasi-sovereign ijārah ṣukūk structures is acceptable in principle because the valid sale transaction that occurs between the originator and SPV effectively transfers ownership to later, as it is described in ṣukūk prospectuses as ‘beneficial interest. Finally, it may also be justified in the context of hurriyat al-tasurruf (right to dispose-off the asset) and ‘qualified ownership’.

Keywords

Beneficial ownership, legal title, ijārah ṣukūk, Sharī‘ah appraisal
Superheavy Nuclei X: 1400 ≤ A < 1500 Systems
Authors: Bevelacqua Joseph
Published: January 2022

Decay properties of nuclei are calculated in the mass region 1400 ≤ A < 1500. The calculations are performed using the adjusted Rost interaction which suggests that a new island of stability exists for Z = 410 and in neighboring systems. Enhanced stability occurs in the Z=410 N=1068 system.
Technology of Job Satisfaction for Employees in Private Technical Higher Education Institutions in Jordan
Authors: Dobijan Mohammed Saleh , Lshmrie Hateim , al Rababah Mohammad
Published: January 2022

his is a brief demonstration about the project, which consists of three parts web application, mobile application and PDA devises. Mobile applications using to send keyword in SMS that determine user location previously entered in website. In web application we design complete system receives and organise incoming request to closest parking to achieve project goals. On other hand in PDA devise the user benefit from services provided by to request taxi, specially the GPS services. The Text a Taxi system ensures to collect all possible technology together to make the operation of book taxi be more security, fast, cheap and easy than to the original way.
Traffic Transport has a great importance in all the daily activities of the communities and especially in the daily work and shopping processes in the Arab countries is important for the easy use of users and consumers in the business, trade and economy using intelligent devices over the Internet and the services of offices booking by websites and this is the subject of our study in Saudi Arabia The city of Rafha as a city with a population of 60,000 people distributed over 16 areas

© 201x JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association
BEHAVIOR OF COMPOSITE FERROCEMENT REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS
Authors: Aziz I. Abdulla Aziz I. , Abdullah Othman Majeed
Published: January 2022

The Ferrocement is a type of thin reinforcement concrete
made of cement- sand mortar mixture with closely spaced of relatively small diameter wire meshes with or without bars of small diameter called skeletal bar. The purpose of the current study is to identify the behavior of the composite fibrocement and reinforced concrete beams. The main variables of the current study are the number of layers of wire mesh, the casting time for the second layer ( Normal concrete) , and the effect of the presence or absence of the skeletal bars. The current study included the casting of two reference beams with a different reinforcing ratio (2φ8 mm), and (3φ8 mm). The study also included the casting of eight composite beams of fibrocement and reinforced concrete. The results show that the use of fibrocement layer, with (4,6,8) layers of wire meshes, skeletal bar, and the first casting period (1.5 hr) leads to increase the ultimate load by (17.142%, 21.42%,and 22.85%) also the cracking load increased by (31.57%, 47.36%,and 68.42%). The results show that the use of fibrocement layer, with (4,6,8) layers of wire meshes, skeletal bar , and the second casting period ( 24 hr) leads to increase the ultimate load by (32.85%, 40%,and 42.85%) also the cracking load increased by (36.84%, 84.21%,and 89.47%).When using the fibrocement layer containing on the skeletal bar the maximum load increased (6.96%, 17.64%) for the first and second casting, respectively, also for cracking load, it increased by (6.67%,16.12%) respectively, this is due to that the skeletal bar leads to increase reinforcement area and increase restriction in compared with ferrocement layer without the skeletal bar.
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