bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Midwifery students better approximate their self-efficacy in clinical lactation after reflecting in and on their performance in the LactSim OSCE
Authors: Grabowski Aria , Anderson Olivia S. , Zielinski Ruth , Scott Melisa , Hammer Lisa , Bassil Muriel , Chuisano Samantha A. , Sadovnikova Anna
Published: October 2020

Background

Midwives are expected to support women with lactation initiation and maintenance. Midwifery students engaged in a simulation-based exercise (LactSim OSCE) where they role-played the clinician and the breastfeeding patient by wearing a high-fidelity breast model. We provided participants opportunities for reflecting in and on practice to compare their perceived self-confidence in clinical lactation skills to actual clinical performance. We also describe feasibility of implementing the LactSim OSCE with an emphasis on preparation and time spent on tasks during the OSCE.

Methods

Audio-video recordings from the LactSim OSCE were viewed and assessed using a technical skills checklist by an independent rater and by the study participants as part of the self-reflection. Mixed data on participants’ self-efficacy in clinical lactation, experience with the LactSim OSCE, and self-assessment of clinical performance were collected in survey instruments and a focus group. Time spent on each component and clinical lactation skill during the LactSim OSCE was documented.

Results

Immediately following the LactSim OSCE, participants’ confidence in clinical lactation was high (5.7/7), but after a guided video reflection exercise, their self-efficacy was 4.4/7. Participants spent approximately 2 of the allotted 10 min per case scenario discussing the OSCE logistics due to inadequate preparation. Participants spent approximately 2 min of the total encounter performing hands-on clinical lactation skills by touching, looking at, or using the high-fidelity breast model worn by their peer.

Conclusion

We described the development and evaluation of the first simulated experience in clinical lactation with all three components of fidelity: conceptual, psychological, and physical. Multiple opportunities for reflecting on performance allowed the nurse-midwifery students to evaluate their competence in decision-making, technical, and counseling skills which resulted in a more realistic approximation of their perceived self-confidence in breastfeeding skills. Another innovation of this pilot work is the documentation of how long a learner spends on various tasks relevant to lactation support in a simulated encounter. Our findings highlight the importance of providing multiple opportunities for self-reflection using guided video reflection and checklists for objective self-assessment in the clinical lactation field.
Impaired inhibitory processing: a new therapeutic target for autism and psychosis?
Authors: Heinze Kareen , Barron Helen C. , Howes Emma K. , Ramaswami Mani , Broome Matthew R.
Published: October 2020

In the healthy brain, homeostatic balance between excitation and inhibition maintains neural stability. Reduced inhibition may explain shared symptoms observed in autism and psychosis. Here we review evidence suggesting that altered levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may underlie both disorders, providing a potential cross-diagnostic therapeutic target.
Changes in Frequency of Surveillance Imaging of Survivors of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma After the American Society of Hematology Choosing Wisely Recommendations
Authors: Durani Urshila , Asante Dennis , Heien Herbert C. , Thompson Carrie A. , Halfdanarson Thorvardur , Sangaralingham Lindsey , Peethambaram Prema , Quevedo Fernando J. , Villasboas Jose C. , Go Ronald S.
Published: October 2020

In 2013, the American Society of Hematology (ASH) published recommendations with Choosing Wisely to limit surveillance imaging in aggressive lymphoma. We studied surveillance imaging practice patterns for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) before and after the ASH Choosing Wisely campaign. We used OptumLabs Data Warehouse, a national insurance claims database, to retrospectively study imaging frequency in survivors of DLBCL from 2008 to 2016. Three time periods were defined: Period 1 (2008 to 2010), Period 2 (2011 to 2013), and Period 3 (2014 to 2016). One thousand four hundred seventy-two patients were included. Median follow up was approximately 2 years. During the first and second years of surveillance, imaging remained stable between Period 1 (years 1 and 2: 199 [91%] and 137 [83%], respectively) and Period 2 (years 1 and 2: 257 [88%] and 172 [77%], respectively; P = .38), but decreased in Period 3 (years 1 and 2: 315 [78%] and 83 [61%], respectively; P < .01). In a multivariable logistic regression, year after 2012 was a significant predictor of decreased overuse (more than two scans per year in the first year of surveillance; [odds ratio, 0.49 for 2013 v 2008; P = .02]). Our study demonstrated the rate of surveillance scans—both computed tomography and positron emission tomography imaging—in DLBCL decreased after the ASH Choosing Wisely campaign. Multiple factors, such as changes in recommendations, reimbursement, and provider knowledge base, may have all contributed and should be studied further.
Chicken colour discrimination depends on background colour
Authors: Olsson Peter , Johnsson Robin D. , Foster James J. , Kirwan John D. , Lind Olle , Kelber Almut
Published: October 2020

How well can a bird discriminate between two red berries on a green background? The absolute threshold of colour discrimination is set by photoreceptor noise, but animals do not perform at this threshold; their performance can depend on additional factors. In humans and zebra finches, discrimination thresholds for colour stimuli depend on background colour, and thus the adaptive state of the visual system. We have tested how well chickens can discriminate shades of orange or green presented on orange or green backgrounds. Chickens discriminated slightly smaller colour differences between two stimuli presented on a similarly coloured background, compared to a background of very different colour. The slope of the psychometric function is steeper when stimulus and background colours are similar but shallower when they differ markedly, indicating that background colour affects the certainty with which the animals discriminate the colours. The effect we find for chickens is smaller than that shown for zebra finches. We modelled the response to stimuli using Bayesian and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and implemented the psychometric function to estimate the effect size. We found that the result is independent of the psychophysical method used to evaluate the effect of experimental conditions on choice performance.
Neural processing of linearly and circularly polarized light signal in a mantis shrimp Haptosquilla pulchella (Miers, 1880)
Authors: Chiou Tsyr-Huei , Wang Ching-Wen
Published: October 2020

Stomatopods, or so-called mantis shrimps, are the only animal group known to possess circular polarization vision along with linear polarization vision. By using the rhabdomere of a distally located photoreceptor as a wave retarder, the eyes of mantis shrimps are able to convert circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light. As a result, their circular polarization vision is based on the linearly polarized light-sensitive photoreceptors commonly found in many arthropods. To investigate how linearly and circularly polarized light signals might be processed, we presented a dynamic polarized light stimulus while recording from photoreceptors or lamina neurons in intact mantis shrimps Haptosquilla pulchella. The results indicate that all the circularly polarized light-sensitive photoreceptors also showed differential responses to the changing e-vector angle of linearly polarized light. When stimulated with linearly polarized light of varying e-vector angle, most photoreceptors produced a concordant sinusoidal response. In contrast, some lamina neurons doubled the response frequency in reacting to linearly polarized light. These responses resembled a rectified sum of two-channel linear polarization-sensitive photoreceptors indicating that polarization visual signals are processed at or before the first optic lobe. Noticeably, within the lamina, there was one type of neuron that showed a steady depolarization response to all stimuli except right-handed circularly polarized light. Together, our findings suggest that, between the photoreceptors and lamina neurons, linearly and circularly polarized light may be processed in parallel and different from one another.
G-RMSD: Root Mean Square Deviation Based Method for Three-Dimensional Molecular Similarity Determination
Authors: Fukutani Tomonori , Miyazawa Kohei , Iwata Satoru , Satoh Hiroko
Published: October 2020

We present the Generalized Root Mean Square Deviation (G-RMSD) method. G-RMSD is an optimization method to calculate the minimal RMSD value of two atomic structures by optimal superimposition. G-RMSD is not restricted to systems with an equal number of atoms to compare or a unique atom mapping between two molecules. The method can handle any type of chemical structure, including transition states and structures which cannot be explained only with valence bond (VB) theory (non-VB structures). It requires only Cartesian coordinates for the structures. Further information, i.e. atom- and bond types can also be included. Applications of G-RMSD to the classification of α-d-glucose conformers and 3D partial structure search using a dataset containing equilibrium (EQ), dissociation channel (DC), and transition state (TS) structures are demonstrated. We find that G-RMSD allows for a successful classification and mapping for a wide variety of molecular structures.
A first draft genome of the Sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis.
Authors: Borges dos Santos Lucas , Paulo Gomes Viana João , José Biasotto Francischini Fabricio , Victoria Fogliata Sofia , L. Joyce Andrea , Pereira de Souza Anete , Gabriela Murúa María , J. Clough Steven , Imaculada Zucchi Maria
Published: October 2020

Background: The sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis), a widely distributed moth throughout the Americas, is a pest that affects economically important crops such as sugarcane, sorghum, wheat, maize and rice. Given its significant impact on yield reduction, whole-genome information of the species is needed. Here, we report the first draft assembly of the D. saccharalis genome.

Methods: The genomic sequences were obtained using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 whole-genome sequencing of a single adult male specimen. We assembled the short-reads using the SPAdes software and predicted protein-coding genes using MAKER. Genome assembly completeness was assessed through BUSCO and the repetitive content by RepeatMasker.

Results: The 453 Mb assembled sequences contain 1,445 BUSCO gene orthologs and 1,161 predicted gene models identified based on homology evidence to the domestic silk moth, Bombyx mori. The repeat content composes 41.18% of the genomic sequences which is in the range of other lepidopteran species.

Conclusions: Functional annotation reveals that predicted gene models are involved in important cellular mechanisms such as metabolic pathways and protein synthesis. Thus, the data generated in this study expands our knowledge on the genomic characteristics of this devastating pest and provides essential resources for future genetic studies of the species.
A PANDEMIA DO CORONAVÍRUS E OS EFEITOS NA EDUCAÇÃO: REFLEXÕES EM CURSO
Authors: Porto Roberta Mendonça , Pereira Jessica Coelho de Lima
Published: October 2020

Inspiradas em algumas pistas deixadas por Michel Foucault sobre sua ontologia do presente, seguimos o questionamento: “o que somos nós como presente?” em meio a pandemia provocada pelo novo coronavírus, para analisar alguns efeitos na educação que emergiram logo após sua disseminação. Nessas reflexões em curso com o avanço da doença, articulamos duas questões centrais: os modos de vida baseados na educação escolarizada e os modos de subjetivação produzidos no contexto de uma racionalidade neoliberal. Analisamos alguns efeitos das experiências vividas durante o período de isolamento social e propomos um diálogo com os estudos de Ivan Illich e M. Foucault para interrogar a atualidade, os modos de vida, bem como as possibilidades de uma educação para além da escolarização da vida.
EDUCAÇÃO EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: REFLEXÕES SOBRE POLÍTICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO NA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Caetano Marcio , Silva Junior Paulo Melgaço , Teixeira Tarciso Manfrenatti de Souza
Published: October 2020

A pandemia da COVID-19 modificou o cenário mundial e provocou uma série de reconfigurações na vida social. Dentre essas transformações, têm destaque as atividades escolares que passaram a funcionar de modo remoto, em regime especial domiciliar. Com atenção a essa conjuntura, o objetivo central deste artigo é debater as percepções de docentes, em contextos socioeconômicos desiguais que marcam a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, sobre o acesso discente às tecnologias de educação remota proposto pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação em tempos de pandemia. Para tanto, foram realizadas conversas com docentes e equipes diretivas, por meio do aplicativo WhatsApp. As reflexões dos/as profissionais da educação indicaram que a pandemia reforçou a tragédia social e educacional vivida na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, demonstrando a fotografia brutal do sistema econômico e político nefário que reitera as desigualdades de condições de acesso e permanência na escola.
EDUCAÇÃO DA PEQUENA INFÂNCIA: (RE)PENSANDO LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES DIANTE DE ALGUMAS INFLEXÕES IMPOSTAS PELA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: PESSANHA FABIANA NERY DE LIMA , MACEDO NAYARA ALVES
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo discute os limites e as possibilidades provocadas pelos efeitos da pandemia da covid-19 na educação da pequena infância. Trata-se de um exercício reflexivo, fundamentado nos Estudos da Infância, em diálogo com nossas pesquisas etnográficas com crianças pequenas. Temos o objetivo de problematizar alguns paradoxos da tríade crianças, famílias e escolas, visibilizando seus dilemas e contradições. Nesse movimento de ruptura e criação de novos paradigmas, destacamos alguns princípios e o compromisso ético-político e epistêmico assumidos na educação das infâncias. A discussão evidencia a necessidade de construção de vínculos afetivos e alteritários na relação família e escola, potencializando esses tempos de incertezas como um tempo, também, de criação.
A ESCOLARIZAÇÃO DO ESTUDANTE COM DEFICIÊNCIA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: TECENDO ALGUMAS POSSIBILIDADES.
Authors: Magalhães Tamara França de Almeida
Published: October 2020

A pandemia da Covid-19 tem impactado os sistemas de ensino no mundo inteiro. Medidas de isolamento social obrigou o fechamento de escolas e universidades, sendo implementada a educação a distância ou ensino remoto emergencial. Nesta direção este artigo tem como objetivo tecer reflexões sobre a escolarização do estudante com deficiência e os impactos desta modalidade de ensino no AEE. Como metodologia de pesquisa utilizamos a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, buscando referências que em diálogo com a abordagem do modelo social da deficiência, nos oportunizasse caminhos para desenvolvermos a reflexão proposta. Ressaltamos, que não serão apresentados necessariamente elementos conclusivos, mas temas que colaboram com este debate de grande relevância na atualidade.
A Nova Rota da Seda e as relações sino-indianas: o desafio do "colar de pérolas" | The New Silk Road and Sino-Indian relations: the “string of pearls” challenge
Authors: Pautasso Diego , Nogara Tiago Soares , Ribeiro Erik Herejk
Published: October 2020

A Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), também chamada de Nova Rota da Seda, representa uma importante etapa do projeto chinês de globalização e possui, portanto, evidentes implicações para os alinhamentos político-estratégicos globais e regionais. Assim, ao mesmo tempo em que produz oportunidades, também faz ascenderem contradições e rivalidades. Diante desse quadro, pretendemos analisar como a Nova Rota da Seda, em especial sua dimensão marítima no Oceano Índico, conformando o chamado colar de pérolas, afeta o padrão de relacionamento sino-indiano. Visando abordar essa complexa temática, o artigo está estruturado em três etapas. Na primeira seção, exporemos breve recapitulação das distintas dimensões de implementação da BRI. Na segunda parte, abordaremos os principais desafios concernentes à conformação do colar de pérolas. Por fim, analisaremos como o conjunto desses fatores impactam as relações sino-indianas.Palavras-chave: China; Nova Rota da Seda; Colar de pérolas.ABSTRACTThe Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), also called the New Silk Road, represents an important stage of the Chinese globalization project and therefore has clear implications for global and regional political-strategic alignments. Thus, while producing opportunities, it also raises contradictions and rivalries. In this scenario, we intend to analyze how the New Silk Road, especially its maritime dimension in the Indian Ocean, forming the so-called string of pearls, affects the Sino-Indian relationship pattern. The article is structured in three stages. In the first section, we will present a brief summary of the different dimensions of the Belt and Road Initiative. In the second part, we will discuss the main challenges concerning the string of pearls. Finally, we will analyze how these factors impact Sino-Indian relations.Keywords: China; New Silk Road; String of pearls. Recebido em 30 abr. 2020 | Aceito em 19 out. 2020.
Thrombosis of the Abdominal Aorta in a Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant: Treatment with Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Bertini Giovanna , Elia Serena , Vangi Venturella
Published: October 2020

Aortic thrombosis during neonatal period is a rare event especially when it is not related to umbilical arterial catheters. A case of a premature infant with a gestational age of 25 weeks who suddenly developed, at the age of 44 days, poor arterial saturation (SaO2 60%) and legs pale and painful, is reported. In this patient, arterial and venous eco-color Doppler showed a complete aortic thrombosis distal to the renal arteries of unknown etiology. Thrombolytic therapy with tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) was immediately started with a bolus dose of 0.5 mg/kg/h followed by a continuous infusion of 0.2 mg/kg/h. Fresh frozen plasma was also infused in order to increase the concentration of plasminogen. We tried with success to avoid bleeding complications maintaining fibrinogen concentration over 500 mg/L and platelets over 100,000x109/L. Heparinisation with enoxaparin was started after 5 days of t-PA treatment and continued for 85 days. The premature infant recovered but physiotherapy and splints were needed for talipes equinovarus resulted as a consequence of distal thrombosis.
Conclusion: The strategy for treating an acute arterial thrombosis in a neonate may include thrombolytic therapy with t-PA, taking into account that the rate of plasmin generation in newborns and overall activity is decreased compared to adults. The impaired response of newborns may be enhanced not by increasing the dose of t-PA but increasing plasminogen through fresh frozen plasma infusion.
Análisis de la secuenciación de actividades en materiales de phrasal verbs: una propuesta didáctica basada en el modelo PC
Authors: Garcés-Manzanera Aitor
Published: October 2020

En los últimos años, han surgido una gran cantidad de materiales destinados a la enseñanza-aprendizaje de phrasal verbs para estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera. En este sentido, la mayoría de estos materiales no sigue ningún patrón fijado en lo que respecta a la secuenciación de actividades, así como en lo que concierne a la presentación del concepto. Por ende, el presente artículo persigue analizar las carencias existentes en materiales de diversas editoriales desde un punto de vista cognitivo y pedagógico (relacionándolos, en este caso, con el tradicional modelo de secuenciación P-P-P). Así, se ha realizado un análisis pedagógico-cognitivo de una selección de materiales de phrasal verbs de diferentes niveles de competencia. A la luz de las carencias observadas, se ha planteado una propuesta didáctica con una secuencia eficiente dentro del modelo PC (basado en Procesos Comunicativos) para promover la automatización de estas estructuras particulares en el repertorio activo de uso de la lengua por estudiantes de niveles diversos.
Book: Integrated music education: Challenges of teaching and teacher training
Authors: Ludke Karen
Published: October 2020

Reseña de Integrated music education: Challenges of teaching and teacher training, editado por M. Cslovjecsek y M. Zulauf (2018) Bern: Peter Lang. 418 págs. ISBN-10: 3034303882
Perspectives on the teaching of grammar: curriculum, didactic proposals, and classroom practice
Authors: Fontich Xavier , Rodríguez Gonzalo Carmen
Published: October 2020

La enseñanza de la gramática es un tema de permanente actualidad en la enseñanza de las lenguas, tanto ambientales como extranjeras. A pesar de algunas posiciones que cuestionan su utilidad, en el momento presente numerosas acciones en el mundo académico (publicación de monografías y materiales, celebración de encuentros y debates, etc.) sugieren el vivo interés, en el plano internacional, que suscita la exploración del lugar de la gramática en la educación lingüística. Una de esas acciones ha sido la celebración del III Congreso Internacional de Enseñanza de la Gramática (Congram19), que tuvo lugar en Barcelona en enero de 2019, con asistencia de más de 250 delegados de una treintena de países. Este congreso constituye el origen del monográfico que presentamos.
Highly sensitive detection of cytochrome c in the NSCLC serum using a hydrophobic paper based–gold nanourchin substrate
Authors: Sun Yue , Ge Shengjie , Xue Jin , Zhou Xinyu , Lu Wenbo , Li Guang , Cao Xiaowei
Published: October 2020

Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is a biomarker of early apoptosis that plays a critical role in the diagnosis and therapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this work, we proposed a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensor to implement the ultrasensitive detection of Cyt c in the serum of NSCLC patients. The SERS-supporting substrates based on hydrophobic filter paper were composed of gold nanourchins (GNUs) surface-functionalized with the Cyt c aptamer and the cyanine 5-labeled complementary DNA. In the existence of Cyt c, it could specifically bind to its aptamer, which leads to the detachment of complementary strands modified with Cy5 and the great weakness of SERS signal. The finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulation showed that the excellent SERS performance of GNUs aggregation was strongly dependent on a large number of “hot spots” at the tips and between the nanogaps of aggregated GNUs. Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) was used to make the filter paper modify its property from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, which consequently increased the density of GNUs and extended the retention time of the analyte. SERS biosensors based on hydrophobic paper exhibited prominent reproducibility and selectivity. The detection limit of Cyt c in PBS was 1.148 pg/mL, while the detection limit in human serum was 1.79 pg/mL. Moreover, the analysis of the serum samples of healthy subjects and NSCLC patients confirmed the feasibility of its clinical application. The results were consistent with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results. This method can be a powerful strategy for quantitative detection of extracellular Cyt c, and it is expected that the SERS-based biosensors could be applied in the practical clinical diagnoses of NSCLC.
Low-power design of electrotunable color filters and optical switches
Authors: Chowdhary Ashish Kumar , Sikdar Debabrata
Published: October 2020

We propose low-power designs of electrotunable absorption- and transmission-mode color filters and optical switches based on a metal–dielectric–metal structure. By applying voltage across an electro-optic polymer, used as a dielectric layer, tunable color filtering is achieved over a voltage range of

−

10

V

to

+

10

V

. Moreover, by adjusting each layer thickness, such designs can also be used as optical switches at 1550 nm telecom wavelength, exhibiting unmatched

∼

99
%

switching efficiency, operable with only 5 V power supply. Our theoretical results agree well with full-wave simulations. Our design is lithography-free, large-area compatible, power-efficient, polarization-independent, and angle-insensitive and has an extremely narrow bandwidth (12 nm).
Real-space observation of topological invariants in 2D photonic systems
Authors: Lu Yong-Heng , Wang Yao , Mei Feng , Chang Yi-Jun , Gao Jun , Zheng Hang , Jia Suotang , Jin Xian-Min
Published: October 2020

Topological materials are capable of inherently robust transport and
propagation of physical fields against disorder and perturbations,
holding the promise of revolutionary technologies in a wide spectrum.
Higher-order topological insulators are recently predicted as
topological phases beyond the standard bulk-edge correspondence
principle, however, their topological invariants have been proven very
challenging to observe, even not possible yet by indirect ways. Here,
we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the topological
invariants in two-dimensional systems can be directly revealed in real
space by measuring single-photon bulk dynamics. By freely writing
photonic lattices with femtosecond laser, we construct and identify
the predicted second-order topological insulators, as well as
first-order topological insulators with fractional topological winding
number. Furthermore, we show that the accumulation and statistics on
individual single-particle registrations can eventually lead to the
same results of light waves, despite the fact that the development of
topological physics was originally based on wave theories, sharing the
same spirit of wave-particle nature in quantum mechanics. Our results
offer a direct fashion of observing topological phases in
two-dimensional systems and may inspire topologically protected
artificial devices in high-order topology, high-dimension and quantum
regime.
Self-starting VCSEL-based optical frequency comb generator
Authors: Muñoz Christian Daniel , Varón Margarita , Destic Fabien , Rissons Angélique
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we present the simulation and experimental results of the first closed-loop system based on a directly modulated VCSEL in a gain-switching condition to generate optical frequency combs (OFC). In order to simulate the self-starting VCSEL-based optical frequency comb generator (SVOFC), we applied an intrinsic parameter extraction process to a C-band VCSEL using laser rate equations, static and dynamic measurements, and equivalent circuit models. The widest (62 GHz) and flattest (0.8) simulated OFC is obtained when the repetition frequency f0 is 2.5 GHz. Implementation of the C-band SVOFC also shows that under constant electrical conditions, flatness higher than 0.85 and spectral widths of 50 GHz are obtained when f0 = 2.5 GHz. The lowest phase noise at 10 kHz from the extracted electrical carrier is -127 dBc/Hz and is obtained when the optical fiber length is 5 km and f0 = 1.25 GHz.
Simulation and experimental investigation on the temperature-induced distortion characteristics of the hybrid connection structure deformable mirror
Authors: Zheng Yamin , Wang Deen , Dai Wanjun , Xue Qiao , Huang Lei
Published: October 2020

The stacked array piezoelectric deformable mirror (DM) used in adaptive optics (AO) systems usually has actuator-corresponding high-frequency temperature-induced distortion (TID) on its mirror surface when the working temperature is different from the design temperature, which is harmful to beam quality. To effectively eliminate the actuator-corresponding high-frequency TID, we introduce a hybrid connection structure deformable mirror (H-DM), which adopts a magnetic connection structure besides the conventional adhesive connection structure. The TID characteristics of the H-DM are analyzed using the finite element method, and the wavefront compensation capability of the novel H-DM is also investigated in simulation. In the experiment, the initial surface shape and the TID characteristics of a lab-manufactured H-DM are measured. The experimental results show that the H-DM has a good initial surface shape, and no actuator-corresponding high-frequency distortion exists in the surface shape of the H-DM when the environment temperature changes. Thus it can be seen the TID could be well corrected by the H-DM itself, and thereby the environmental adaptability of the DM could be improved substantially.
Compensation of disorder for extraordinary optical transmission effect in nanopore arrays fabricated by nanosphere photolithography
Authors: Ushkov Andrei , Dellea Olivier , Verrier Isabelle , Kampfe Thomas , Shcherbakov Alexey , Michalon Jean-Yves , Jourlin Yves
Published: October 2020

The work considers the effect of extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) in polycrystalline arrays of nanopores fabricated via nanosphere photolithography (NPL). The use of samples with different qualities of polycrystalline structure allows us to reveal the role of disorder for EOT. We propose a phenomenological model which takes the disorder into account in numerical simulations and validate it using experimental data. Due to the NPL flexibility for the structure geometry control, we demonstrate the possiblity to partially compensate the disorder influence on EOT by the nanopore depth adjustments. The proposed experimental and theoretical results are promising to reveal the NPL limits for EOT-based devices and stimulate systematic studies of disorder compensation designs.
Reconfigurable metamaterial for chirality switching and selective intensity modulation
Authors: Li Shihao , Chen Kejian , Zhang Dajun , Chen Yan , Xu Yeli , Liu Ji , Wang Xiong , Zhuang Songlin
Published: October 2020

A reconfigurable metamaterial for chirality switching and selective intensity modulation is demonstrated experimentally. Through simple folding strategy, nonchiral state, single-band chiral states and dual-bands chiral states can be switched. Circular dichroism up to 0.94 is measured with folding angles of 70°. Meanwhile, selective intensity modulation is realized by the combined effect of folding angle and incident angle. The transmission intensity of circularly polarized waves can be modulated by more than 90% at any selected resonating frequency between 8.97 and 10.73 GHz. This work will benefit the researches of foldable metamaterials and have potential applications in the field of reconfigurable devices.
Toward 1% single-photon anharmonicity with periodically poled lithium niobate microring resonators
Authors: Lu Juanjuan , Li Ming , Zou Chang-Ling , Al Sayem Ayed , Tang Hong X.
Published: October 2020

The absence of the single-photon nonlinearity has been a major
roadblock in developing quantum photonic circuits at optical
frequencies. In this paper, we demonstrate a periodically poled thin
film lithium niobate microring resonator (PPLNMR) that reaches
5,000,000%/W second-harmonic conversion efficiency—almost 20-fold
enhancement over the state-of-the-art—by accessing its largest

χ

(
2
)

tensor component

d

33

via quasi-phase matching. The
corresponding single-photon coupling rate

g

/

2
π

is estimated to be 1.2 MHz, which is
an important milestone as it approaches the dissipation rate

κ

/

2
π

of best-available lithium niobate
microresonators developed in the community. Using a figure of merit
defined as

g

/

κ

, our device reaches a single-photon
nonlinear anharmonicity approaching 1%. We show that, by further
scaling of the device, it is possible to improve the single-photon
anharmonicity to a regime where photon blockade effect can be
manifested.
Bias-drift-free Mach–Zehnder modulators based on a heterogeneous silicon and lithium niobate platform
Authors: Sun Shihao , He Mingbo , Xu Mengyue , Gao Shengqian , Chen Ziyan , Zhang Xian , Ruan Ziliang , Wu Xiong , Zhou Lidan , Liu Lin , Lu Chao , Guo Changjian , Liu Liu , Yu Siyuan , Cai Xinlun
Published: October 2020

Optical modulators have been and will continue to be essential devices for
energy- and cost-efficient optical communication networks. Heterogeneous silicon
and lithium niobate modulators have demonstrated promising performances of low
optical loss, low drive voltage, and large modulation bandwidth. However, DC
bias drift is a major drawback of optical modulators using lithium niobate as
the active electro-optic material. Here, we demonstrate high-speed and
bias-drift-free Mach–Zehnder modulators based on the heterogeneous silicon and
lithium niobate platform. The devices combine stable thermo-optic DC biases in
silicon and ultra-fast electro-optic modulation in lithium niobate, and exhibit
a low insertion loss of 1.8 dB, a low half-wave voltage of 3 V, an electro-optic
modulation bandwidth of at least 70 GHz, and modulation data rates up to
128 Gb/s.
A hypothetical MEK1-MIP1-SMEK multiprotein signaling complex may function in Dictyostelium and mammalian cells
Authors: Sobko Alex
Published: October 2020

In a previous study, we characterized Dictyostelium SUMO targeted ubiquitin ligase (StUbL) MIP1 that associates with protein kinase MEK1 and targets SUMOylated MEK1 to ubiquitination (Sobko et al., 2002). These modifications happen in response to activation of MEK1 by the chemoattractant cAMP. Second site genetic suppressor of mek1- null phenotype (SMEK) was also identified in Dictyostelium. MEK1 and SMEK belong to the same linear pathway, in which MEK1 negatively regulates SMEK, which then negatively regulates chemotaxis and aggregation. RNF4 is mammalian homologue of MIP. RNF4 interacts with hSMEK2, the human homologue of Dictyostelium SMEK. We propose the existence of an evolutionarily conserved MEK1-SMEK signaling complex that upon MEK1 activation and SUMOylation, recruits ubiqutin ligase MIP1/RNF4, which, in turn, ubiquitinates SMEK and targets this protein for proteasomal degradation. This could be a mechanism for negative regulation of SMEK by MEK1 signaling.
Reuse of field data in ALS-assisted forest inventory
Authors: de Lera Garrido Ana , Gobakken Terje , Ørka Hans , Næsset Erik , Bollandsås Ole
Published: October 2020

Forest inventories assisted by wall-to-wall airborne laser scanning (ALS), have become common practice in many countries. One major cost component in these inventories is the measurement of field sample plots used for constructing models relating biophysical forest attributes to metrics derived from ALS data. In areas where ALS-assisted forest inventories are planned, and in which the previous inventories were performed with the same method, reusing previously acquired field data can potentially reduce costs, either by (1) temporally transferring previously constructed models or (2) projecting field reference data using growth models that can serve as field reference data for model construction with up-to-date ALS data. In this study, we analyzed these two approaches of reusing field data acquired 15 years prior to the current ALS acquisition to estimate six up-to-date forest attributes (dominant tree height, mean tree height, stem number, stand basal area, volume, and aboveground biomass). Both approaches were evaluated within small stands with sizes of approximately 0.37 ha, assessing differences between estimates and ground reference values. The estimates were also compared to results from an up-to-date forest inventory relying on concurrent field- and ALS data. The results showed that even though the reuse of historical information has some potential and could be beneficial for forest inventories, systematic errors may appear prominent and need to be overcome to use it operationally. Our study showed systematic trends towards the overestimation of lower-range ground references and underestimation of the upper-range ground references.
Terceirizações na área da saúde no Brasil: reflexos no SUS, nas políticas sociais e nos trabalhadores
Authors: Cegatti Fábio , Carnut Leonardo , Mendes Áquilas
Published: October 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sobre as terceirizações na área da saúde no Brasil, termos de reflexos das terceirizações para o sistema de saúde, para as políticas sociais e para o trabalhador da saúde. Tratou-se de uma revisão integrativa e utilizou como critério de inclusão a disponibilidade dos artigos, publicações em língua portuguesa e relevância com os objetivos desta pesquisa. Foi efetuada busca sistematizada no portal BVS obtendo-se 28 estudos incluídos. 22 estudos trouxerem elementos sobre os reflexos diretos da terceirização no SUS, 9 estudos apresentaram reflexos da terceirização nas políticas sociais e apenas 7 trouxeram a relação da terceirização sobre os trabalhadores do sistema. Dentre as vantagens agilidade e flexibilidade na contratação de pessoal são as mais citadas. Quanto às desvantagens os estudos relatam a mercantilização em função dos ideais neoliberais, a crítica sobre a agilidade e eficiência que está longe de ser alcançada, a fragmentação do sistema, problemas de regulação, falta de transparência, falhas de monitoramento, problemas no estabelecimento de metas fixas, limites à inovação e criatividade, alta rotatividade profissional e impacto sob o vínculo empregatício. A literatura é bem dividida sobre o tema o que torna o tema bastante polêmico.
Construction supply chain integration: Understanding its applicability in infrastructure asset maintenance and renewal programmes
Authors:   Infracure Limited, New Zealand, Munro Tim , Childerhouse Paul ,   Massey University, New Zealand
Published: October 2020

Extant research in construction supply chains focuses on new asset construction projects, with little addressing longer duration asset and network renewal and maintenance programmes. The purpose of this research is to address a gap in construction supply chain research, and consider if supply chain integration is applicable in long-term work programmes in civil infrastructure. This qualitative research draws on data provided by semi-structured interviews with contractors, clients, sub-contractors and materials providers from two roading network case studies. The data were analysed using ethnographic content analysis in three stages, which generated propositions aligned to aggregate dimensions identified in the literature. The findings suggest that thereis an underlying demand and value for increased integration, and a willingness and trust amongst the focal actors to integrate more with upstream and horizontal partners. However, implementation would be hindered by the focal actors’ limited capabilitiesand maturity in supply chain management and supply chain integration. The research concludes that focal actors, delivering long-term programmes of planned and response works, could adapt prevailing supply chain methodologies to benefit from increased integration. The research contributes to knowledge through an increased understanding of supply chain integration considerations in asset maintenance and renewal programmes.
n analysis of social media marketing of indigenous construction firms in Nigeria: A tool for sustainable growth
Authors:   Covenant University, Nigeria, Adedeji Afolabi , Ojelabi Raphael ,   Covenant University, Nigeria, Oyeyipo Opeyemi ,   Bells University of Technology, Nigeria
Published: October 2020

ndigenous construction firms in Nigeria operate in one of the harshest economic climates while competing with their foreign counterparts. ICFs require strategic and innovative marketing skills in selling their products and services to current and prospective clients. The paper examined the use of social media marketing strategies by indigenous construction firms in Nigeria; a tool for sustainable growth. The study used quantitative data through a questionnaire survey instrument at company-level. A total ofseventy-nine (79) questionnaires at firm level were utilised. The data collected were presented using stacked bars, radar charts and matrix correlation. The study identified the social media platforms mostly utilisedby ICFs and the major barriers resisting the adoption of the innovative marketing strategy in Nigeria. The perceived benefits accrued to ICFs in the use of social media as a marketing tool differs across the type of social media platforms in use by the ICFs. ICFs need to be concerned about image and trust building through a concerted effort in client engagement on social media platforms to improve their brand and reputation. Social media marketing strategies should be integrated with the traditional marketing plans of construction firm.
Comparison of DB to DBB on highway projects in Washington State, USA
Authors:   University of Cincinnati, USA, Okere George
Published: October 2020

Comparative evaluations of design-build (DB), to design-bid-build (DBB), aredocumented in literature. However, a recent study suggests that even though several studies have been completed to compare DB and DBB, there are few statistically significant comparative results. Comparative analyses of highway projects of the same scope, size, and type could provide the basis to make the argument for the use of either DB or DBB on highway projects. The objective of this research is to compare DB to DBB on highway projects. The basis of comparison includes project cost, contract duration, number and type of contract change orders. Projects used for this research were obtained from the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). The projects were subsequently selected based on project scope,size, and type, and then analysed using quantitative methods. The research found that there is enough evidence to support the use of DB over DBB on highway projects. The findings of this study have significant implications for practitioners and policymakers on highway projects and should inform decisions on the choice of project delivery method. The main limitation of the research is that the study used only 14 projects due to the difficulty of finding matching projects,and as such the results could not be generalized. However, the findings add to the body of research on criteria for comparing DB to DBB. To enhance understanding of how project scope, size, and type might affect or be affected by project delivery methods,the research recommends the standardization of project types classification for highway projects
La maison des devises, un capital transnational
Authors: Perraudin Anna
Published: October 2020

À partir du cas de l’Espagne, remarquable en raison du mouvement des retours au pays chez les immigrés autour de 2010, attribués à la crise économique, l’article discute l’influence des maisons achetées dans les lieux d’origine sur les trajectoires de retour. L’analyse s’appuie sur une enquête qualitative réalisée entre 2015 et 2018 à Quito et Madrid (entretiens, observations auprès de seize ménages). L’ancrage de l’observation dans les villes donne à voir une autre dimension des maisons de retour que celle qui domine dans la littérature classique : fondues dans le tissu urbain, elles composent un patrimoine économique, générant une rente locative. Centrales dans les projets migratoires de nombreux migrants aux revenus modestes, les « maisons des devises » seront considérées comme des capitaux investis, qui peuvent circuler ou être convertis en d’autres ressources, selon l’éclairage de la théorie de l’accumulation des capitaux. Ces biens immobiliers opèrent donc comme des capitaux transnationaux, fruits de stratégies familiales : ils peuvent permettre une réinstallation dans le pays d’origine, mais aussi paradoxalement prolonger le séjour en Espagne.
Revisiter la question du retour au prisme du transnationalisme, des trajectoires, des aspirations et des contraintes
Authors: Flahaux Marie-Laurence
Published: October 2020

Dans la conclusion, l’auteure propose une lecture personnelle des différentes contributions de ce numéro à travers un double exercice de mise en perspective théorique, en s’appuyant sur ses propres recherches sur les retours en contexte africain. Dans un premier temps, elle fait ressortir la manière dont les articles mettent en lien les concepts de « retour » et de « transnationalisme ». Dans un second temps, à partir d’éléments qui ont particulièrement retenu son attention, elle discute la façon dont la question du retour donne à voir (a) l’articulation entre les trajectoires familiales, matérielles, professionnelles et migratoires des migrants, (b) le décalage entre les aspirations des individus et les contraintes auxquelles ils font face, ainsi que (c) les stratégies qu’ils mettent en place face à ces dernières.
Quantifying Water Repellency by Modifying Spray Test Method AATCC TM22 to Extend Test Duration Allowing Discrimination between Similarly Graded Fabrics
Authors: Hill Philippa J. , Kirton David , Taylor Mark , Blackburn Richard S.
Published: October 2020

The AATCC TM22-2014 spray test (similarly BS EN ISO 4920:2012) is widely used to determine the water repellency of textiles. Given the ongoing move towards non-fluorinated chemistries to provide water repellent finishes on textiles, modifications to the spray test are suggested to discriminate between those which initially demonstrate similar repellency and aid in assessment of performance within laboratory textile testing. An extended shower duration of 60 minutes or 120 minutes is recommended, with additional calculations to objectively quantify surface wetting. This increased test period demonstrated differences in performance between repellent finishes with a 1.37 g mass difference between fluorinated and non-fluorinated chemistries after 120 minutes. Further quantification of repellent performance, as set out in this study, would determine the performance of non-fluorinated durable water repellent (DWR) chemistries and suitability for end use.
Ecotoxicological Impact Assessment of the Production of Cotton Fabric
Authors: Qian Jiahong , Qiu Yuying , Ji Xiang , Yang Yiduo , Wang Laili
Published: October 2020

Textiles and garments are increasingly being included in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies because the use of chemicals in industrial production of these items has potential environmental impacts. The USEtox model, characterized by ecotoxicity characterization factors based on abundant data, is a useful tool for assessing the toxicity of chemical pollutants. The objectives of this study were to estimate characterization factors of cotton fabric-related chemicals based on data from a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model and assess the ecotoxicological impact of cotton woven fabric. The research boundary ranged from fabric production to wet treatment. Wet treatment was found to contribute more to ecotoxicity than fabric production did, with primary alcohol ethoxylate and sodium hydroxide being the main pollutants.
Reading and Understanding Texts
Authors: Podlasińska Ilona
Published: October 2020

The ability to read effectively is essential to the success in life. Unfortunately many students experience difficulty in mastering this skill. That is why in this article I have presented certain techniques which can help to develop and improve the students' reading skills. Reading is widely considered to be a passive process whereas it is an active and involving one. To be able to read effectively, the reader must work out what they want to achieve and how well they are progressing. Reading is an active and interactive process involving many skills. Therefore the teacher's role in enhancing the reading skills is enormous.