bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Konsep 4A dan Carrying Capacity dalam Pengembangan Pulau Reusam Menjadi Kawasan Ekowisata Berbasis Syariah
Authors: Izwar Izwar , Kristanti Dian
Published: January 2023

The increase in tourists visiting Reusam Island increases the risk of environmental damage, neglecting this problem will have an impact on other social problems, resulting in the death of tourism activities. Efforts to overcome the above problems by accommodating various interests and adjusting to the implementation of Islamic Sharia in Aceh Jaya. This research applies a sequential explanatory method. Sundays up to 500 people. While the FGD data analysis regarding the suitability of implementing the 4A concept (Attraction, Accessibility, Amenities, Ancillary Services) on Reusam Island, it still needs to be adjusted in its application in the field, because there are differences in management systems between conventional tourism management and sharia ecotourism
Aplikasi Pembelajaran Interaktif Bahasa Arab Dasar untuk Anak Berbasis Android
Authors: Chrisnawati Giatika , Nugroho Firman Prasetyo
Published: January 2023

In the development of this modern era, there have been many technologies that are growing rapidly. As for computers, which are equipment created to facilitate human work when achieving progress both in the manufacture of hardware and software and not only computers, now developments in the field of mobile phones are included in the scope of SmartPhones, which It has been developed a lot starting from features or in the field of hardware and software, there have been many mobile-based applications that have been created and have been used by the wider community today and even become an obligation for all people to use smartphones that are equipped with various features and applications in it. starting from the field of Sales, Learning, business, Health and Education and this time the author will try to make a final project in the field of basic learning aimed at children to start an early learning stage of basic introduction and basic understanding of it's a lesson, the target we will take is learning a foreign language, namely Arabic with the system that we will make is aimed at children to make it easier for them to learn Arabic, easily, clearly and certainly fun
Implementasi Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Penanaman Akhlak Siswa Sekolah Darul Muhmin Thailand
Authors: Fasya Sultan Al , Harfiani Rizka
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the Implementation of Islamic Religious Education in cultivating student morals which is applied by Darul Muhmin Thailand School to students. This research includes qualitative descriptive research. This data collection was carried out by observation, interview and documentation techniques. Meanwhile, in the analysis, the writer uses a qualitative descriptive analysis, namely in the form of written or oral data from the people and observed behavior so that the writer tries to conduct research that is comprehensive in nature about the actual situation. The results of the study found several implementations of Islamic Religious Education activities carried out at the research location, namely the Al-Qur'an tahfizh coaching program, ablution exercises, prayer, remembrance, prayer, adab guidance in study councils, guidance on eating and drinking etiquette, etiquette guidance going home from school, etiquette guidance in the environment carried out by the teacher in instilling religious values ​​in students in the form of all efforts related to the cultivation of morals. Activities are carried out inside and outside the classroom with various strategies and methods that are considered effective for moral development in students.
Manajemen Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan
Authors: Siahaan Amiruddin , Akmalia Rizki , Amelia Yuli , Wulandari Tiwi , Hrp Suhada Aulia Fahra , Pasaribu Khadijah
Published: January 2023

The low quality of education in Indonesia is actually a discussion that has existed for a long time. However, until now the problem of education quality has not been resolved. Quality education is the hope and demand of all education stakeholders. Everyone will certainly prefer to study at institutions that have good quality. On this basis, schools/educational institutions must be able to provide good service and quality so that they are not left behind and are able to compete with other educational institutions
Manejemen Pengembangan Sumber Daya Sistem Informasi di SMP Plus Al-Aitam Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Rostini Deti , Aryani Wiwik Dyah , Konidin Toha , Sopandi Uus , Ubaydillah Muhammad , Lau Hasbullah
Published: January 2023

This research uses a qualitative approach with case studies. The data sources used are primary and secondary. As a result of the Planning research, SMP Plus Al-Aitaam has carried out a planning process in the development of information system resources by determining the needs of developing a system including preparing computer hardware, software, databases, procedures, and officers. The planning for the development of information system resources at Al-Aitam Plus Junior High School was drawn up at the beginning of the school year involving the principal, teachers, treasurer and committee. Planning sources of financing for system development by allocating activity funds through the School Activity Plan and Budget (RKAS). Organizing the development of information system resources at SMP Plus Al-Aitaam is carried out by forming a school development team (TPS) that has the responsibility of developing information system resources in schools. The selection of TPS is selected based on the ability to master ICT. The implementation of the development of information system resources at SMP Plus Al-Aitaam is only carried out by providing understanding and motivating the use of existing system resources and not creating new systems due to limited funds and human resources. Supervision and Evaluation is carried out by the principal and the school development team (TPS) either directly or through a written report. Evaluation and monitoring are carried out using various methods, ranging from forming an evaluation team, in person, teacher board meetings, meetings of all school residents or coordination meetings.
Peran Pajak dalam Meningkatkan Pembangunan Pendidikan di SMKN 7 Tangerang
Authors: Astuti Widya , Putriani Ananda
Published: January 2023

This study aims to analyze the role of taxes in increasing educational development at SMKN 7 Tangerang. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive analysis. The approach taken is by analyzing the results of the interviews that have been conducted and then describing them. Qualitative research is research that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words. The data taken was obtained from a question and answer session with resource persons, relevant sources, as well as direct visits to SMKN 7 Tangerang. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative content analysis. The results of this study indicate that taxes play an important role in improving educational development such as facilities, teaching staff, and developing the potential of students at SMKN 7 Tangerang. Taxes play a role in providing assistance in the form of physical and non-physical. Taxes play a role in improving school facilities. Taxes play a role in managing funds provided by the government. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that public schools receive subsidized assistance from the government, the assistance provided is obtained from public awareness in paying taxes.
Experiment ended
Authors: Robinson Jonny
Published: January 2023

The Impact of Public Web Data on Society: Solving Challenges with Ethics and Cost Efficiency
Around Asia in 80 days: Uncovering inter-linked networks in the corporate landscape Keiretsu of Japan
Authors: Hoang Giang
Published: January 2023

Zaibatsu, which means “wealthy clique” in Japanese, is any of the large capitalist enterprises of Japan whose influence and control were pervasive from the Meiji period until the end of WWII
Exploring the Success and Failure of Small Business in Beckley, West Virginia
Authors: Stone Billy
Published: January 2023

Small businesses are the backbone of the U.S. economy and represent the primary jobsource for American workers. Research exists on small business at a national and aninternational scale but a limited amount of region-specific information exists in theliterature. The problem in this research was that owner-operated small businesseshave a high fail rate, with less than half surviving more than five years and thesesurvival rates have persisted in a relatively stable fashion for at least a decade, withpolicies appearing unable to increase the longevity of new businesses. The purposeof the research is to explore the relationship between social capital and the failure orsuccess of twelve owner-operated businesses in Beckley, West Virginia. Thetheoretical framework for this study is social exchange theory. This qualitative studyused interpretive phenomenological analysis as the chosen research design because ofthe capability to query their lived experiences. The purposive sampling method wasused. The twelve participants were divided into two groups consisting of failedbusinesses and successful businesses. The successful business has existed for morethan five years. The failed business opened within the past five years but has closed.Utilizing the modified van Kaam method, ATLAS.ti qualitative analysis software,and a manual review of the individual interviews the researcher identified threeemergent themes circumventing the particular phenomenon of small businessownership in Beckley, WV. The answers provided by the participants addressed theproblem of the high fail rate of small businesses. The findings of the study areimportant because the application of social exchanges was shown to increase thelongevity of small businesses in Beckley, WV.
Masalah-Masalah Antropologi Hukum
Authors: Nawfal Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Antropologi hukum pada dasarnya mempelajari hubungan timbal-balik antara hukum dengan fenomena-fenomena sosial secara empiris dalam kehidupan masyarakat ; bagaimana hukum berfungsi dalam kehidupan masyarakat, atau bagaimana hukum bekerja sebagai alat pengendalian sosial (social control) atau sarana untuk menjaga keteraturan sosial (social order) dalam masyarakat.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM OTOMATISASI PERANGKAT ELEKTRONIK PADA GEDUNG DALAM RUANGAN RAPAT MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO
Authors: Syuryadi  , Nurani
Published: January 2023

Persediaan listrik yang terbatas menuntut untuk berhemat dalam penggunaannya. Salah satu hal yang bisa dilakukan untuk menghemat listrik yaitu dengan penggunaan lampu rumah seperlunya saja. Sistem operasi open source pada ponsel android dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membuat aplikasi pengendali lampu rumah dengan menggunakan Arduino uno (Mikrokontroler) sensor PIR sebagai pengganti saklar. Aplikasi android digunakan sebagai input perintah kepada rangkaian arduino uno (Mikrokontroler) melalui media penghubung modul Bluetooth. Arduino uno akan merespon input dengan output berupa logikalow (0V) dan logika high (5V) melalui pin- pin yang telah ditentukan, pin-pin ini dihubungkan ke modul. Relay modul digunakan sebagai pengganti saklar yang dihubungkan ke lampu rumah. Ketika mendapat input logika low (0V) relay akan aktif dan akan mengalirkan listrik ke lampu sehingga lampu menyala, dan ketika mendapat input logika high (5V) relay akan tidak aktif sehingga aliran listrik kelampu terputus dan lampu akan mati .
Recensión: Interpretar el mundo
Authors: Nuñez Manuel
Published: January 2023

In this text appears the review of the book Interpreting the world. Essays on the crisis of contemporary societies written by German Carrillo-García (2022). This text proposes a reflection, firmly anchored in the best tradition of the social sciences, aimed at overcoming the veil of ignorance, largely induced, that prevents us from understanding our contemporary world and act to change it.
Einstein-Poincare synchronization, gravity and general transformations of coordinates
Authors: fordjarini ivan slobodan/vukosava
Published: January 2023

Einstein-Poincare synchronization and deformation of space-time by gravity are sufficient for obtaining Lorentz transformation starting from Galileo transformation
Experiment ended
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: January 2023

The Power of Entrepreneurship in Strengthening Food Security in Arid Climates
ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM DALAM PANDANGAN HUKUM ADAT
Authors: putra Randi eka
Published: January 2023

A. PENDAHULUANAntropologi hukum pada dasarnya mempelajari hubungan timbal-balik antara hukumdengan fenomena-fenomena sosial secara empiris dalam kehidupan masyarakat ; bagaimanahukum berfungsi dalam kehidupan masyarakat, atau bagaimana hukum bekerja sebagai alatpengendalian sosial (social control) atau sarana untuk menjaga keteraturan sosial (socialorder) dalam masyarakat. Dengan kata lain, studi-studi antropologis mengenai hukummemberi perhatian pada segi-segi kebudayaan manusia yang berkaitan dengan fenomenahukum dalam fungsinya sebagai sarana untuk menjaga keteraturan sosial atau alatpengendalian sosial dalam masyarakat
ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM SEBAGAI ILMU PENGETAHUAN DASAR HUKUM
Authors: ALVIANDA ROMY
Published: January 2023

Antropologi hukum secara khusus mengamati prilaku masyarakat dalam kaitanya dengan aturan hukum. Hal ini mencakup budaya hukum masyarakat dan cara pandangnya terhadap hukum dan produk-produk turunannya. Aturan hukum itu bukan hanya terbatas pada hukum normatif atau tertulis dan diundangkan oleh pemerintah, melainkan juga hukum yang tidak tertulis disepakati oleh masyarakat. Antropologi hukum tidak bersifat etnosentris sehingga tidak terbatas pada kebudayaan tertentu. Melainkan dapat mengkaji secara luas hubungan antara hukum dengan aspek kebudayaan masyarakat. Antropologi hukum meneliti hubungan empiris secara timbal balik antara hukum dengan fenomena sosial yang desematkan oleh masyarakat.
The Impact of Free Access to AI Ethics and Governance Standards
Authors: Han YouAI
Published: January 2023

The Impact of Free Access to AI Ethics and Governance Standards
Penggunaan Media Sosial Sebagai Sarana Dakwah Pendidikan Agama Islam di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Huda Cikandri
Authors: Aziz Nur , Arianto
Published: January 2023

Penggunaan media sosial sebagai sarana dakwah pendidikan agama Islam memiliki potensi yang besar dalam menyebarluaskan ajaran agama ke masyarakat. Media sosial seperti Facebook, Instagram, dan WhatsApp dapat digunakan untuk menyebarkan informasi tentang kegiatan keagamaan, kajian-kajian agama, dan materi pendidikan agama. Selain itu, media sosial juga dapat digunakan untuk menjalin komunikasi dan interaksi dengan masyarakat, sehingga dapat mempermudah dalam proses dakwah. Dakwah adalah salah satu kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk mengajak orang lain dalam kebaikan, mengingatkan seseorang akan hari akhir, sedangkan media dakwah adalah alat untuk mengajak orang lain kejalan yang lebih baik. Pondok pesantren nurul huda cikandri menjadi salah satu pondok yang bergerak untuk berdakwah menyebarkan nilai-nilai pendidikan agama Islam di media sosial, seperti facebook dan instagram yang dikemas dengan balutan konten menarik serta kekinian. Adapun penelitian ini melibatkan orang-orang terkait yakni santri dan alumni Pondok Pesantren Nurul Huda Cikandri.
ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM MENBERIKAN KETERIKATAN DAN KEBAIKAN
Authors: Aprianto Irvandi
Published: January 2023

Dari uraian di atas dapat ditarik suatu kesimpulan bahwa jika dilihat secara substansi bahwa hukum itu ada semata-mata untukmengatur dan melindungi kehidupan bermasyarakat. Oleh karenaitulah kemudian hukum memiliki keberlakuannya.
Meningkatkan Pendidikan Dengan Metode Pendidikan Sebagai Ilmu dan Seni
Authors: Aziz Nur , Muslim Khidayat , Nurlatipah Diah
Published: January 2023

Pendidikan menjadi hal umum yang dijalankan oleh semua orang. Di Indonesia mewajibkan anak untuk menjalani pendidikan minimal 12 tahun, hal ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan sumber daya manusia di Indonesia. Praktek pendidikan yang ada di Indonesia tergolong minim, peningkatan kualitas tenaga pendidik perlu ditingkatkan. Tenaga pendidik perlu memahami praktek pendidikan dan implementasi pendidikan sebagai ilmu maupun seni, landasan pendidikan menjadi penguat dalam meningkatkan sumber daya tenaga pendidik. Hal ini didasari agar semua pendidik bisa memahami masalah peserta didik, informasi yang disampaikan juga bisa terserap dengan baik.
Experiences of Preservice Teachers on Online-Based Microteachings: New Insights for Initial Teacher Education (ITE) Programs
Authors: Altan Bilge Aslan
Published: January 2023

Practicing online teaching activities has been favored quite some time, and it continues to gain popularity with the evolving technology as well as global dynamics (as COVID). Online-Based Microteachings (OBM), in this sense, can enforce preservice teachers to practice digitally-saturated new, possibly an ongoing, set of skills that will contribute to their teaching behaviors in future. Leaning on this idea this paper outlines the experiences of preservice teachers on online teaching activities that are inspired by microteaching strategy, which may initiate a discussion point for teacher trainers and trainees to practice more online-saturated teaching activities that can be developed as online-based microteachings in initial teacher education (ITE) programs. Doing so, the study was built upon case study design including 50 (32 females, 18 males) participants of preservice teachers from different fields. Findings indicate that preservice teachers had many new experiences that may reinforce their existing and future teaching skills as well as many challenges that resulted from digital-based drawbacks. The documented experiences can be used as evidences for international researchers and teacher educators to empower preservice teachers’ online teaching skills because apparently, they had real challenges to design and practice online teaching activities in this local-context. Implications of the study suggest that ITE programs may need additional contents in which necessary online pedagogy and skills are harmonized to enable preservice teachers to be much more-ready for future circumstances and to be familiar with online teaching qualifications.
The Power of Public Web Data in Solving Societal Challenges
Authors: Han YouAI
Published: January 2023

The Power of Public Web Data in Solving Societal Challenges
Experiment ended
Authors: Robinson Jonny
Published: January 2023

Bridging The Digital Gap: Addressing The 'AI Divide' Between Developing And Developed Economies
PERKEMBANGAN ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Trikurniawan Nigel
Published: January 2023

Antropologi adalah salah satu ilmu pengetahuan sosial yang mempelajari tentang budaya masyarakat suatu etnis tertentu. Antropologi lahir dan muncul berawal dari ketertarikan orang-orang Eropa yang melihat Ciri-Ciri fisik, adat istiadat, budaya yang berbeda dari apa yang dikenal di Eropa.
Bacterial Immune System and its Impact on Cancer Disease
Authors: Aadil Nosherwan , Shield Herbert
Published: January 2023

Bacterial Immune System and its Impact on Cancer Disease
Filsafat hukum sebagai ilmu pengetahuan dasar hukum
Authors: LAIA ARIUSNI
Published: January 2023

Kekecewaan dan ketidakpuasan atas produk-produk hukum yang berlaku saat ini seringkali muncul dalam pemberitaan di media cetak maupun elektronik, bahkan sampai pada pembicaraan di kalangan masyarakat umum. Produk-produk hukum berupa peraturan perundangan, peraturan kebijakan, keputusan atau ketetapan, sampai surat edaran, dianggap tidak dapat menyelesaikan masalah bahkan seringkali menimbulkan masalah baru. Kekecewaan dan ketidakpuasan ini terutama ditujukan kepada para pembuat hukum dan penegak hukum yang mempunyai kewajiban untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjalankan hukum dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Hukum dalam kehidupan masyarakat dapat dirasakan secara langsung melalui produk-produk hukum maupun sikap tindak para aktor hukum, sehingga hukum tidak hanya berarti peraturan perundangan, akan tetapi juga institusi/lembaga dan norma-norma yang berkembang dalam pergaulan hidup.Perilaku para aktor hukum memang merupakan suatu hal yang fenomenal, karena tingkah laku para aktor tersebut merupakan konsekuensi-konsekuensi dari sejumlah pandangan yang bekerja di kepala manusia. Muncul pertanyaan yang mengarah pada bagaimana sebenarnya dunia ilmu hukum itu, sehingga memunculkan aktor-aktor hukum yang demikian? Pertanyaan ini bersifat menggugat hukum sebagai suatu ilmu, apakah hukum dapat dipelajari secaraobjektif sebagai suatu subjek? Apakah hukum itu bukan hanya merupakan produk politik dari para pemegang kekuasaan, sehingga hukum tidaklah dapat dipelajari dan tidak membutuhkan filosofi tertentu yang mendasarinya? Perdebatan hukum sebagai suatu ilmu atau bukan memang telah berakhir, akan tetapi ilmu hukum sebagai bagian dari ilmu praktikal yang bersifat normologikal , seolah-olah tidak lagi dapat menjadi pedoman, arahan, dan alat kontrol, bagi hukum praktikal secara rasional. Sebagai Ilmu Praktikal, hukum juga dimaksudkan untuk mempelajari cara menemukan dan menawarkan alternatif penyelesaian masalah konkrit. Ketidakmampuan Ilmu Hukum untuk melaksanakan fungsinya tersebut dapat menjadi suatu bahan kajian dari filsafat sebagai ilmu kritis untuk mencari kebenaran yang sesungguhnya dari Ilmu Hukum, sehingga Hukum dapat memenuhi fungsinya sebagai suatu ilmu.
The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Food Security in Arid Climates
Authors: Han YouAI
Published: January 2023

The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Food Security in Arid Climates
Helen Yolanda - Penyebab dan Dampak Resesi 2023 terhadap Bisnis di Indonesia
Authors: Yolanda Helen
Published: January 2023

Resesi adalah suatu kondisi dimana sebuah perusahaan atau negara mengalami ekonomi yang menurun dan biasanya diakibatkan oleh produk domestik bruto (PDB) secara dua kuartal atau lebih. Resesi ini dapat dilihat dari penghasilan, tingkat pengangguran, PDB riil, produksi industri, dan penjualan grosir-iritel. Prediksi resesi yang terjadi pada tahun 2023 nantinya memiliki berbagai dampak terhadap pemerintahan, perushaaan dan masyarakat.
Punishment in negligence is multifactorial: influenced by outcome, lack of due care, and the mere failure of thought
Authors: Sarin Arunima , Cushman Fiery Andrews
Published: January 2023

Why do we often punish negligent acts? Leading accounts ground punishment for negligence in two well-known, general phenomena: outcome bias and lack of due care. We isolate and verify each of these influences. Additionally, however, we find that people punish a feature unique to cases of negligence: the failure to recall relevant information at the right time. In other words, people punish mere failures of thought. Specifically, in line with the predictions of outcome bias we find that people punish negligent actors more when their negligence leads to harmful instead of harmless outcomes (Experiment 1). But they deem punishment for negligence to be successful when the actor ceases to be negligent, rather than the harm ceasing to occur (Experiment 2). Supporting the lack of due care proposal, we find that people punish negligent actors more when they fail to take reasonable antecedent precautions (Experiment 3) or when they demonstrate insufficient care towards their task (Experiment 4). Finally, supporting the mere failure of thought hypothesis, we find that people punish negligent actors more when they fail to bring relevant information to mind at the right time (Experiment 5), even compared to cases where the information is supplied by an exogenous reminder (Experiment 6). Taken together, our findings suggest that punishment for negligence is determined by multiple factors: bad outcome, lack of due care, and the mere failure of thought.
Intraindividual fluctuation in optimism: Development and validation of the Japanese version of the State Optimism Measure
Authors: Shimomura Kanji , Morita Kenji , Nishiguchi Yuki , Huffman Jeff C. , Millstein Rachel A.
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to develop and validate the Japanese version of the State Optimism Measure (J-SOM) and to examine the nature of the intraindividual fluctuation of state optimism. We conducted two online longitudinal surveys (n=97 and n=99) targeting university students. The results indicated the high factor validity and internal consistency of J-SOM. The J-SOM showed significant correlations in the expected direction with other measures. In addition, the intraindividual change in the J-SOM associated with the change in mood and the quality of daily life, while such association was minimal for trait optimism. We also found that state optimism, compared with trait optimism, showed larger intraindividual change in the intervals of two and three weeks. In summary, this study not only demonstrated the validity of newly developed J-SOM, but also indicated that state optimism can fluctuate within individuals under daily life over a span of several weeks.
Gating by alpha band inhibition revised: a case for a secondary control mechanism
Authors: Jensen Ole
Published: January 2023

In recent decades there has been a growing interest in the role of neuronal oscillations in the alpha band and how they support cognition. It is clear from intracranial animal recordings, that alpha oscillations are associated with inhibition as increases in alpha power co-occur with a decrease in neuronal activity. Nevertheless, several findings have put into question whether alpha-band oscillations, in general, can be controlled in a top-down manner to suppress visual distractors. Also, it has been questioned whether alpha oscillations can exercise gain control in the early visual cortex. We here point to a revised mechanism in which alpha oscillations are controlled by a secondary mechanism governed by the load of goal-relevant information. This view is compatible with perceptual load theory and biased competition, where distractor suppression is an indirect consequence of engagement. We will outline how this framework can be further tested experimentally and discuss the consequences for network dynamics and resource allocation in the working brain.
Does working at the third place work? Multi-locational work for engagement, creativity, and well-being
Authors: Nagayama Susumu
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a shift in work locations from the traditional office to geographically different locations. In this context, it is important to consider where to work by taking into account the features of each location, such as an office for work, a home for life, and a "third place" for work, in order to maximize workers' performance and well-being. However, there is a lack of understanding about how such arrangements affect worker outcomes and through what mechanisms, taking into account the features of each location. To address this gap, this study investigates the relationship between the degree of multi-locational work with location features and worker outcomes, including engagement, creativity, and well-being. Using a sample of 2603 survey responses from the Tokyo metropolitan area, the results show that multi-locational work is positively associated with all three outcomes, particularly creativity. This study also finds that non-work activity rate and location feature differences partially mediate the relationship between multi-locational work and creativity, while non-work activity rate partially mediates the relationship between multi-locational work and worker well-being. This study provides insight into the varied pathways behind the associations of multi-locational work and worker outcomes essential for sustainable prosperity.
Comparing methods of social preference assessment in childhood
Authors: deMayo Benjamin , Olson Kristina
Published: January 2023

A central question in social cognitive development concerns the degree to which children prefer social ingroup members relative to social outgroup members. Forced-choice measures and continuous rating scales are often used to assess these preferences, but little work has examined the extent to which these two methods yield similar or divergent estimates. Here, we used a within-subjects design to assess gender-, race-, and accent-based preferences in 5-6 year old predominantly white children (N = 98) with both a forced-choice and a rating measure (on a 1-6 scale). Replicating prior work, children expressed ingroup preference along all three dimensions regardless of how they were assessed. While responses on the two measures were correlated, estimates of ingroup preference were stronger in each domain when assessed with a forced-choice measure. We discuss the implications for researchers who wish to assess social group preferences.
Psychoaccelerometry: Mapping psychological constructs to movement in experimental research
Authors: Clark Oliver James
Published: January 2023

For a discipline that is concerned with describing and explaining human behaviour, personality and social psychologists are often over-reliant on the use of self-report measures. Attempts to infer psychological states through specific behaviours include the observation of walking speed, exercise intensity, and interpersonal synchrony. An increasingly accessible method of measuring magnitude and frequency of specific behaviours is accelerometry, a method that is frequently used in health research. The potential for accelerometer data to infer psychological states was highlighted early in the development of modern devices. To make the link between accelerometer data and Psychological state thought must be given to the chain of causation between the construct of interest and the output of the device. The purposes of this paper are to introduce accelerometry as a method to psychologists; to present some of the hardware (e.g. sampling rate) and software (e.g. data reduction) configuration variables and the ways in which they can influence results; to recommend methods to identify and communicate the chain of inference between constructs and outcomes; and to present a guide for running and reporting psychological studies using accelerometers. It concludes that Psychoaccelerometry is still in a fledgling state but may be useful once standardised.
Expanding Nature’s storytelling: extended reality and debiasing strategies for an eco-agency
Authors: Reis Cristina M. , Câmara António
Published: January 2023

Communication in sustainability and environmental sciences is primed to be substantially changed with extended reality technology, as the emergent Metaverse gives momentum to building an urgent pro-environmental mindset. Our work focuses on immersive econarratives, supported by virtual and augmented realities, and their potential to favor an improved relationship with the environment. Considering social aggregation dynamics and cognitive bias, this article intends to (1) make the case for a new environmental narrative; (2) position extended reality as privileged settings to sustain this narrative; and (3) suggest that this storytelling should be informed by Nature’s empirical evidence, i.e., ecosystem data. We see this as a chance to think this Metaverse with an embedded environmental consciousness, informed by behavior-change research.
The future of metacognition research: balancing construct breadth with measurement rigor
Authors: Katyal Sucharit , Fleming Stephen M
Published: January 2023

Foundational work in the psychology of metacognition identified a distinction between metacognitive knowledge (stable beliefs about one’s capacities) and metacognitive experiences (local evaluations of performance). More recently, the field has focused on developing tasks and metrics that seek to identify metacognitive capacities from momentary estimates of confidence in performance, and providing precise computational accounts of metacognitive failure. However, this notable progress in formalising models of metacognitive judgments may come at a cost of ignoring broader elements of the psychology of metacognition – such as how stable meta-knowledge is formed, how social cognition and metacognition interact, and how we evaluate affective states that do not have an obvious ground truth. We propose that construct breadth in metacognition research can be restored while maintaining rigour in measurement, and highlight promising avenues for expanding the scope of metacognition research. Such a research programme is well placed to recapture qualitative features of metacognitive knowledge and experience while maintaining the psychophysical rigor that characterises modern research on confidence and performance monitoring.
The effect of structure on context-driven word production: an EEG study
Authors: Papoutsi Christina , Piai Vitória
Published: January 2023

In context-driven picture naming studies, pictures are named faster following constraining (e.g., "The leaves fall from the”, picture: TREE) relative to nonconstraining (e.g., “The family played by the”, picture: TREE) sentences, indicating that word planning starts prior to target picture onset. Power decreases in the electroencephalogram in the alpha-beta band are consistently found prior to picture onset, suggesting they could reflect conceptual and lexical retrieval. However, this effect disappears in nonverbal contexts, which provide semantic information but lack structural composition. The present electroencephalography study aimed at investigating the behavioral and neural effect of syntactic structure on context-driven word production. Participants performed context-driven picture naming, where contexts were manipulated for structure (structured vs. unstructured, e.g., “leaves–fall–from” vs “larva–caterpillar–cocoon”) and context constraint (constraining vs. nonconstraining, as above). Pictures were named faster in constraining relative to nonconstraining contexts in both structured and unstructured conditions. Interestingly, structure in itself showed no behavioral facilitation in either constraint condition. The neural findings revealed a contrasting pattern. Power decreases in the alpha-beta band were observed following structured constraining compared to nonconstraining contexts, replicating previous findings, but this pattern was absent in the unstructured condition. We suggest that the presence of structure enables the selection of the activated morpho-syntactic features needed for the word’s syntactic integration with the sentential context before the target picture appears. The electrophysiological findings suggest that alpha-beta power decreases reflect concept and lemma retrieval as well as the selection of the relevant morpho-syntactic properties that receive activation from the lemma.
Testing for associations between HbA1c levels, polygenic risk, and brain health in UK Biobank (N=39,283)
Authors: Ranglani Sanskar , Ward Joey , Sattar Naveed , Strawbridge Rona J. , Lyall Donald
Published: January 2023

Objective: Type-2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with poorer brain health, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels is a diagnostic test for diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether continuous HbA1c levels, and HbA1c polygenic risk scores (HbA1c-PRS) significantly associate with worse brain health independent of T2D diagnosis (vs. not), by examining brain structure and cognitive test scores phenotypes.Methods: Using cross-sectional UK Biobank data (n=39,283), we tested whether HbA1c and/or HbA1c-PRS were significantly associated with multiple cognitive test scores. We also assessed associations with brain imaging phenotypes including grey matter (GM), white matter (WM), whole brain volume, hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes, white matter tract integrity and frontal lobe GM. We adjusted for potential confounders of age (at MRI), sex, deprivation, education, genotyping chip, 8 genetic principal components for population stratification, smoking, alcohol intake, cholesterol medication, body mass index (BMI), T2D, and APOE e4 dosage. Results: We found an association between higher HbA1c levels and poorer performance on symbol digit substitution scores (standardised beta [β] = -0.022 p = 0.001) in the fully adjusted model. We also found an association between higher HbA1c levels and worse brain MRI phenotypes of GM (β = -0.026, p < 0.001), whole brain volume (β = -0.072, p = 0.0113), and general factor for frontal lobe of GM (β = -0.022, p < 0.001) in fully adjusted models. HbA1c-PRS score was significantly associated with GM volume in the fully adjusted model (β = -0.010, p = 0.0113), however when adjusted for HbA1c levels the association was not significant.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that measured HbA1c correlates to some extent with poorer cognitive and structural brain health, and HbA1c-PRS does not add significant information to this, however further studies in diverse populations are needed to confirm these results.
The effect of reward prediction errors on subjective affect depends on outcome valence and decision context
Authors: Forbes Laura , Bennett Daniel
Published: January 2023

The valence of an individual's emotional response to an event is often thought to depend on their prior expectations for the event: better-than-expected outcomes produce positive affect and worse-than-expected outcomes produce negative affect. In recent years, this hypothesis has been instantiated within influential computational models of subjective affect that assume the valence of affect is driven by reward prediction errors. However, there remain a number of open questions regarding this association. In this project, we investigated the moderating effects of outcome valence and decision context (Experiment 1: free vs. forced choices; Experiment 2: trials with versus trials without counterfactual feedback) on the effects of reward prediction errors on subjective affect. We conducted two online experiments (N = 300 in total) of general-population samples recruited via Prolific to complete a risky decision-making task with embedded high-resolution sampling of subjective affect. Hierarchical Bayesian computational modelling revealed that both outcome amount and reward prediction errors influenced subjective affect, but that the effects of reward prediction errors were moderated by both outcome valence and decision context. Specifically, we found evidence that only negative reward prediction errors (worse-than-expected outcomes) influenced subjective affect, with no significant effect of positive reward prediction errors (better-than-expected outcomes). Moreover, these effects were only apparent on trials in which participants made a choice freely (but not on forced-choice trials) and when counterfactual feedback was absent (but not when counterfactual feedback was present). These results deepen our understanding of the effects of reward prediction errors on subjective affect.
Morphometry variations of orbitofrontal regions for increased BMI and appetite in major depression
Authors: Mehler David Marc Anton , Opel Nils , Repple Jonathan , Kroemer Nils B. , Richter Maike , Goltermann Janik , Meinert Susanne , Waltemate Lena , Enneking Verena , Klug Melissa , Borgers Tiana , Thiel Katharina , Winter Alexandra , Gruber Marius , Mauritz Marco , Lemke Hannah , Grotegerd Dominik , Edgren Steffen , Brosch Katharina , Meller Tina , Ringwald Kai , Pfarr Julia-Katharina , Schmitt Simon , Stein Frederike , Jansen Andreas , Krug Axel , Nenadic Igor , Hahn Tim , Walter Martin , Kircher Tilo , Dannlowski Udo
Published: January 2023

However, it is unclear if conceptually related atypical symptoms of changes in appetite are associated with similar neural alterations and if BMI and increasedappetite are also associated with white matter alterations. We employed a multi model structural neuroimaging approach to investigate the relationship between orbitofrontal gray and white matter with recent changes in appetite and BMI in a sample of N = 715 major depressive disorder patients. We found that increased BMI was associated with significantly lower cortical thickness and lower gray matter density in the right OFC, and in particular its medial aspect. For change in appetite, in contrast, we did not find any significant association with OFC morphometry, nor with OFC white matter connections. Bayesian model comparisons further suggested that BMI alone, but not change in appetite or a combination of both explained variance in cortical thickness of the right OFC. We further found strong to decisive evidence for the absence of an effect of BMI and appetite for most other analyses, including surface area and DTI measures of all OFC regions. Taken together, our findings thus suggest that BMI related alterations in OFC morphometry cannot be traced back to changes in appetite in major depression, indicating a region and modality specific effect for BMI.
Assessing the roles of shape prototypicality and sexual dimorphism in ratings of the trustworthiness of faces
Authors: Leger Kathlyne , Dong Junzhi , DeBruine Lisa Marie , Jones Benedict C , Shiramizu Victor Kenji Medeiros
Published: January 2023

Perceptions of the trustworthiness of faces predict important social outcomes, including economic exchange and criminal sentencing decisions. However, the specific facial characteristics that drive trustworthiness perceptions remain poorly understood. Here we investigated this issue by exploring possible relationships between ratings of the trustworthiness of face images and objective assessments of two aspects of face shape that researchers have previously suggested are important for perceptions of trustworthiness: distinctiveness and sexual dimorphism. We found that faces with more distinctive shapes were rated as less trustworthy. By contrast, sexual dimorphism of face shape was not significantly correlated with trustworthiness ratings. These results suggest that distinctiveness of face shape plays a more important role in trustworthiness perceptions than does sexual dimorphism and suggest that perceptions of trustworthiness may stem, at least in part, from the ‘anomalous-is-bad’ stereotype. This research was supported by ESRC grant ES/X000249/1 awarded to BCJ and a University of Strathclyde Global Research Award Studentship awarded to KL. For the purpose of Open Access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) to any Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission.This research was supported by ESRC grant ES/X000249/1 awarded to BCJ. For the purpose of Open Access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) to any Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission.
Social Media Sensitivity
Authors: Vaid Sumer Sumeet , Kroencke Lara , Roshanaei Mahnaz , Talaifar Sanaz , Hancock Jeffrey , Back Mitja , Gosling Samuel D. , Ram Nilam , Harari Gabriella M.
Published: January 2023

Research on the effects of social media on wellbeing has been equivocal. Social media impacts people’s wellbeing in different ways, but relatively little is known about why this is the case. Here we introduce the construct of “Social Media Sensitivity” to understand how social media’s effects on wellbeing differs across people and the contexts in which these platforms are used. In a month-long large-scale intensive longitudinal study (total n = 1,632; total number of observations = 120,599), we examined for whom and under which circumstances social media was associated with positive and negative changes in social and affective wellbeing. Applying a combination of frequentist and Bayesian multilevel models, we found that the effects of social media on wellbeing were heterogenous, but most people generally experienced a negative social media sensitivity in terms of changes to their loneliness, stress levels, affect and feelings of being accepted. People with psychologically vulnerable dispositions (e.g., those who were depressed, lonely, not satisfied with life) tended to experience a heightened negative social media sensitivity in comparison to people who were not psychologically vulnerable. People also experienced heightened negative social media sensitivities when in certain types of places (e.g., in social places, in nature) and while around certain types of people (e.g., around family members, close ties), as compared to using social media at home or when alone. Our results suggest that an understanding of the effects of social media on wellbeing should account for the psychological dispositions of social media users, and the physical and social contexts surrounding their use. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of social media sensitivity for scholars, policymakers, and those in the technology industry.
The Gendered Effects of COVID-19 on Well-being: A Household Perspective
Authors: Patzina Alex , Collischon Matthias , Kroh Jacqueline
Published: January 2023

We investigate the causal effect of COVID-19 incidence rates on changes in subjective well-being. Specifically, we employ a household-level perspective and expect that household composition (i.e., single and multi-person households and caregiving duties for children or older adults) and affluence (i.e., housing quality and financial resources) moderate the effect of COVID-19 incidence rates, with a special focus on gender differences. Employing longitudinal household data from the Panel Labour Market and Social Security (PASS) and a difference-in-difference (DiD) approach, we find an overall negative effect. This effect is stronger for individuals with caregiving responsibilities. In contrast to our theoretical expectations, our results indicate stronger negative effects on individuals from households with high living standards and high financial resources. Strikingly, our findings indicate that the relevant negative subjective well-being changes are concentrated among women with caregiving obligations. Overall, our study underscores the need for further sociological research based on strong methodological designs.
Trading Blame: Drawing Boundaries around the Righteous, Deserving and Vulnerable in Times of Crisis
Authors: Foster Jordan , Pettinicchio David , Maroto Michelle Lee , Holmes Andy , Lukk Martin
Published: January 2023

Symbolic boundaries shape how we see and understand both ourselves and those around us. Amid periods of crisis, these boundaries can appear more salient, sharpening distinctions between ‘us’ and ‘them’ and reinforcing inequalities in the social landscape. Based on 50 in-depth interviews about pandemic experiences among Canadians with disabilities and chronic health conditions, we examine how this community distinguishes between the ‘deserving’ and ‘undeserving’, and how emotions related to blame and resentment inform the boundaries they draw. We find that people with disabilities and chronic health conditions drew boundaries based on unequal health statuses and vulnerabilities and between those who are and are not legitimately entitled to government aid. Underlying these dimensions are a familiar set of moral tropes that respondents use to assert their own superiority and to inveigh their frustrations. Together, they play an important role in solidifying boundaries between groups, complicating public perceptions of policy responses to crisis.
New functionality of BIOKEYS software: Displaying character pictures in identification dialogboxes
Authors:   Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST, Nguyen Van Sinh , Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong ,   Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST, Nguyen Hung Manh ,   Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST
Published: January 2023

BIOKEYS is software built in DELPHI development environment with PASCAL as the base programming language. BIOKEYS allows creating and working with biological databases, creating and working with polyclave and dichotomous keys. This study has added the feature of displaying character image in the identification dialog. The purpose of displaying character images in the identification dialog is to make it easy for the user to select the correct specimen character. In the BIOKEYS software, displaying the character images in the identification dialog is implemented by creating an information file containing the character names and the names of the corresponding image files. By using the information in this file, every time the user clicks on a character, BIOKEYS opens its image file and displays it in the identification dialog. That helps the user to check if the characteristics he read in the sample are correct and helps the classification process to get more accurate results.