bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurite atrophy in dorsal hippocampus of rat indicates incomplete recovery of chronic mild stress induced depression
Authors: Khan Ahmad Raza , Hansen Brian , Danladi Jibrin , Chuhutin Andrey , Wiborg Ove , Nyengaard Jens R. , Jespersen Sune Nørhøj
Published: February 2019

Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, and it can often ensue after a chronic mild stress (CMS) exposure. Despite intensive preclinical and clinical research, an objective test to diagnose depression is still not available, causing suboptimal diagnosis and treatment. Recently, the neuronal tracing technique and stereology showed persistent microstructural alterations in the stress‐sensitive brain regions, such as dendritic atrophy in the hippocampus (HP) and prefrontal cortex, (PFC) and hypertrophy in the amygdala (AM). These brain regions also showed consistent gliosis in cadaver brains of patients with depressive disorders as well as in the animal model of depression. Clinically feasible methods to probe these microstructural alterations could be useful in treatment planning and intervention.

The present study employed ex vivo diffusion MRI (dMRI) and immunohistochemistry to identify microstructural alterations in stress‐sensitive brain regions of CMS‐induced anhedonic rats after eight weeks of spontaneous recovery in comparison with age‐matched controls. The investigation employs dMRI‐based neurite density model parameters (ν,Deff, andDL), traditional diffusion kurtosis imaging parameters (mean kurtosis, axial kurtosis, and radial kurtosis), kurtosis tensor parameters (mean kurtosis tensor,WL, andWT), and diffusion tensor parameters (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity). The neurite density (ν) parameter has shown a significant reduction in dorsal HP in comparison with the control, while immunohistochemistry showed a significant reduction in histological neurite density (Hν) in dorsal HP, ventral HP, and AM.Hνalso showed significant correlation withν, which strengthens the reliability ofνand provides a plausible underpinning of the diffusion signal. However, the correlation was not significant when evaluated in the anhedonic group alone. These stress‐recovery findings are opposite to the changes observed just after the CMS exposure paradigm in our recent in vivo study. The present study revealed long‐term effects of CMS exposure, which may be due to incomplete microstructural normalization or long‐lasting microstructural alterations in dHP.
A second‐order finite difference method for fractional diffusion equation with Dirichlet and fractional boundary conditions
Authors: Xie Changping , Fang Shaomei
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we develop a practical numerical method to approximate a fractional diffusion equation with Dirichlet and fractional boundary conditions. An approach based on the classical Crank–Nicolson method combined with spatial extrapolation is used to obtain temporally and spatially second‐order accurate numerical estimates. The solvability, stability, and convergence of the proposed numerical scheme are proved via the Gershgorin theorem. Numerical experiments are performed to confirm the accuracy and efficiency of our scheme.
Optimal design of robust feedforward compensator with gain and phase specifications
Authors: Jon Chung Hyok , Pak Ji Min
Published: February 2019

This paper deals with the design of the robust feedforward compensator for improving the tracking performance of control systems with gain and phase specifications. The feedforward compensator is designed for single‐input–single‐output continuous‐time linear systems with constrained input and model uncertainty. The design objective is to make the transfer characteristic from command to output be one in the presence of the input saturation and the model uncertainty. To do that, the design of the feedforward compensator is formulated as a new gain‐phase optimization problem with both the gain and phase specifications. Then, the design procedures are proposed by using frequency‐matching method based on the closed‐loop frequency response. The proposed method provides a good trade‐off between system performance and control input to overcome performance reduction due to input saturation, and guarantees the robustness of the overall system in the presence of the model uncertainty. Two design examples illustrate that the frequency characteristics and the transient response of the control system are improved by the proposed method.
Refugee children with beta‐thalassemia in Turkey: Overview of demographic, socioeconomic, and medical characteristics
Authors: Yazal Erdem Arzu , Demir Yenigürbüz Fatma , Pekpak Esra , Akıncı Burcu , Aktekin Elif , Bayram Cengiz , Yıldırmak Zeynep Yıldız , Ataseven Eda , Akbayram Sinan , Şaşmaz İlgen , Taburoğlu Yılmaz Başak , Özkan Ayşe , Akpınar Tekgündüz Sibel , Köse Doğan , Karapınar Tuba , Büyükavcı Mustafa , Sal Ertan , Bayhan Turan , Kirkiz Serap , Ünal Şule , Vergin Raziye Canan , Çil Metin , Malbora Barış , Ayçiçek Ali , Yaralı Hüsniye Neşe , Özbek Namık Yaşar
Published: February 2019

Aim

Since the beginning of the Syrian civil war, more than 3.5 million Syrians have been under temporary protection status in Turkey. Because beta‐thalassemia (BT) is a prevalent disorder in the Mediterranean countries, we decided to estimate the prevalence of and make an overview of the demographic, socioeconomic, medical characteristics, and healthcare problems of refugee children with BT.

Patients

Eighteen Turkish Pediatric Hematology Oncology Centers (PHOC) with 318 refugee children from 235 families participated in the study. The mean age of the patients was 8.1 ± 4.8 years (0.5–21 years). The mean time after immigration to Turkey was 2.5 ± 1.5 years (range, 0.1–7 years). Seventy‐two (22.6%) of them were born and diagnosed with BT in Turkey. On physical examination, 82 patients (26%) were underweight and 121 patients (38%) were stunted. The appearance of a thalassemic face was reported for 207 patients (65.1%). Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were reported in 217 (68.2%) and 168 (52.8%) patients, respectively. The median ferritin level was 2508 ng/mL (range, 17–21 000 ng/mL) at the first admission, and 2841 ng/mL (range, 26–12 981 ng/mL) at the last visit after two years of follow‐up in a PHOC (P > 0.05). The most frequently encountered mutation was IVSI‐110 (G>A) (31%). Before immigration, only 177 patients (55.6%) reported the use of chelators; after immigration it increased to 268 (84.3%).

Conclusion

Difficulties in communication, finding a competent translator capable in medical terminology, nonregular use of medications, and insensitivity to prenatal diagnosis were preliminary problems. The current extent of migration poses emerging socioeconomic and humanitarian challenges for refugee patients with BT.
Effects of hybridization and interface modification on mechanical properties of wood flour/polymer composites reinforced by glass fibers
Authors: Jiang Jun , Mei Changtong , Pan Mingzhu , Lu Fei
Published: February 2019

Hybrid composites based on natural fibers were reinforced by glass fibers (GFs), the mechanical properties and microstructural morphology were investigated. Three types of GFs (3 mm, 4.5 mm, and 6 mm in length) and four GF concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20 wt%) were used to clarify their effects on mechanical properties, respectively. γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) were used as the coupling agents to enhance the compatibility between fibers and high density polyethylene (HDPE). The results showed: (1) when 30% wood flour (WF) was incorporated, 4.5 mm‐long GF with 15% addition was the optimum formula used to improve most mechanical properties. The GF with 6 mm‐length or 20% addition could cause aggregation to destroy the continuity of matrix, leading to decreased mechanical properties. (2) Mechanical values increased within the concentration of APTS from 0% to 1.5% and decreased at 2% due to the self‐condensation behaviors of hydrolyzed silane. Extra –OH groups could cause incompatibility in the mixed system. MAPE could constantly improve the mechanical properties with the increase in MAPE concentration. (3) WF had the positive effect on tensile strength and flexural properties, and GF showed the advantageous contribution to impact strength. A mechanism concerning the reinforcing mechanism of the hybrid composites was proposed based on research results. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3601–3610, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Drug‐induced anaphylactic reactions in children: A retrospective analysis of 159 validated spontaneous reports
Authors: Sachs Bernhardt , Dubrall Diana , Fischer‐Barth Wilma , Schmid Matthias , Stingl Julia
Published: February 2019

Purpose

The main objective of this study was to analyze validated cases of drug‐induced anaphylactic reactions in children with regard to incriminated drugs, clinical characteristics, and associated factors. A further objective was to compare differences in incriminated drugs and characteristics between validated cases and a reference excluding anaphylactic reaction cases (basic dataset).

Methods

Spontaneous reports of anaphylactic reactions in children (0‐17 years) registered between January 2000 to December 2016 were extracted from the adverse drug reaction database of the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices. These reports were restricted to drugs for which at least four cases were found. After case validation, 159 reports remained (validated dataset) and were compared with the basic dataset (n = 12.168 reports) using inferential statistics.

Results

Estimated yearly increase of reports (36.8 vs 0.1), most frequently incriminated drugs (antibiotics 30.2% vs 11%, analgesics/antipyretics 22.0% vs 5.6%; P values less than 0.001) and route of administration (38.4% vs 6.7%) differed between the validated dataset and the basic dataset. Validated cases differed in severity (higher with atracurium), reported symptoms (urticaria leading with analgesics), and associated factors (atopy/allergy rarely reported with antibiotics) depending on the incriminated drug class. In 13.8% (11.3% if excluding repeated readministration in one person) of the cases, the drug had not been tolerated before.

Conclusions

A heterogeneous clinical phenotype with differences in associated factors was observed, suggesting different underlying mechanisms triggered by the different drug groups. Occurrence of serious drug‐induced anaphylactic reactions in children could be reduced by carefully considering patient history.
A biopolymer‐based 3D printable hydrogel for toxic metal adsorption from water
Authors: Appuhamillage Gayan A , Berry Danielle R , Benjamin Candace E , Luzuriaga Michael A , Reagan John C , Gassensmith Jeremiah J , Smaldone Ronald A
Published: February 2019

Herein, we describe a 3D printable hydrogel that is capable of removing toxic metal pollutants from aqueous solution. To achieve this, shear‐thinning hydrogels were prepared by blending chitosan with diacrylated Pluronic F‐127 which allows for UV curing after printing. Several hydrogel compositions were tested for their ability to absorb common metal pollutants such as lead, copper, cadmium and mercury, as well as for their printability. These hydrogels displayed excellent metal adsorption with some examples capable of up to 95% metal removal within 30 min. We show that 3D printed hydrogel structures that would be difficult to fabricate by conventional manufacturing methods can adsorb metal ions significantly faster than solid objects, owing to their higher accessible surface areas. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Plasma Proteome Signature of Sepsis: a Functionally Connected Protein Network
Authors: Pimienta Genaro , Heithoff Douglas M. , Rosa‐Campos Alexandre , Tran Minerva , Esko Jeffrey D. , Mahan Michael J. , Marth Jamey D. , Smith Jeffrey W.
Published: February 2019

Sepsis is an extreme host response to infection that leads to loss of organ function and cardiovascular integrity. Mortality from sepsis is on the rise. Despite more than three decades of research and clinical trials, specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for sepsis are still absent. The use of LFQ‐ and TMT‐based quantitative proteomics is reported here to study the plasma proteome in five mouse models of sepsis. A knowledge‐based interpretation of the data reveals a protein network with extensive connectivity through documented functional or physical interactions. The individual proteins in the network all have a documented role in sepsis and are known to be extracellular. The changes in protein abundance observed in the mouse models of sepsis have for the most part the same directionality (increased or decreased abundance) as reported in the literature for human sepsis. This network has been named the Plasma Proteome Signature of Sepsis (PPSS). The PPSS is a quantifiable molecular readout that can supplant the current symptom‐based approach used to diagnose sepsis. This type of molecular interpretation of sepsis, its progression, and its response to therapeutic intervention are an important step in advancing our understanding of sepsis, and for discovering and evaluating new therapeutic strategies.
Theoretical investigation on acetylene cyclotrimerization catalysed by TiO2 and Ti
Authors: Deng Zhe‐Peng , Wang Yong‐Cheng , Mou Dan , Sun Yu , Da Hu , Gao Jian‐De
Published: February 2019

The reaction mechanisms for acetylene cyclotrimerization using TiO2 and Ti catalysts were studied by the density functional theory (DFT) method. Interestingly, the reaction catalysed by TiO2 occurs on the potential energy surface (PES) with a singlet state. For the same reaction catalysed by Ti, spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) calculations were performed to discuss spin inversion between the triplet and singlet PESs. The chance that an electron hops in the vicinity of the minimum‐energy crossing point (MECP) was verified regarding the Landau‐Zener model. The possibilities of single (
) and double (
) at MECP1 (SOC = 253.38 cm−1) are about 0.35 and 0.46, respectively. The energetic span model developed by Kozuch was applied in the above reactions. The turnover frequency (TOF)‐determining transition state (TDTS) and TOF‐determining intermediate (TDI) were verified. The TOF value indicates that Ti is a more active catalyst compared with TiO2 in C2H2 cyclotrimerization.
Exploiting catalytic chain transfer polymerization for the synthesis of carboxylated latexes via sulfur‐free RAFT
Authors: Shegiwal Ataulla , Wemyss Alan M. , Schellekens Mike A. J. , de Bont Jens , Town James , Liarou Evelina , Patias Georgios , Atkins Christophe J. , Haddleton David M.
Published: February 2019

We present a systematic study of incorporating carboxyl groups into latex particles to enhance colloidal stability and the physical properties of the latex. Statistical copolymers of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate) were synthesized via catalytic chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) in emulsion. The vinyl‐terminated oligomers were in turn successfully utilized as chain transfer agents for the formation of diblock and pseudo triblock copolymers via sulfur‐free reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (SF‐RAFT). These copolymers were characterized using 1H NMR, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), contact angle measurements and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) techniques. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, E1–E9
“Being a butt while on the internet”: Perceptions of what is and isn't internet trolling
Authors: Chen Yimin
Published: February 2019

The term “internet trolling” has come to encompass a wide range of behaviours, ranging from abusive speech and hacking to sarcastic humour and friendly teasing. While some of these behaviours are clearly antisocial and, in extreme cases, criminal, others are harmless and may even have potential prosocial functions. This study is an attempt to disambiguate some of the competing and contrary interpretations of internet trolling by examining the perspectives of avid internet users for whom trolling is a familiar part of their online lives. Through data collected from in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews, a multifaceted picture of trolling emerges that is at odds with previous media characterizations of internet trolls as merely hateful bullies. On the contrary, most participants in this study did not consider trolling to be a serious problem and many did not consider harmful interactions to be trolling at all. This paper describes some of the defining characteristics of internet trolling in order to differentiate the harmful behaviours from the harmless. This work aims to contribute to the growing body of literature on internet trolling in the hopes of informing regulatory policy and educational initiatives concerning internet use and safety.
Toward a value‐analytic approach to information standards
Authors: Dobreski Brian
Published: February 2019

While developments in information technology enable exciting new potentials, they may, in the process, inadvertently violate important values such as autonomy or privacy. Responsible, ethical approaches to technology warrant the use of critical perspectives in evaluating our technological practices and artifacts. Key among such artifacts are information standards, influential documents that represent and perpetuate community agreements on ideal practice. In critically examining standards, values represent a promising conceptual lens. This paper advances the use of value analysis on information standards, particularly those devoted to knowledge organization. Value analysis is a methodological approach that guides the elicitation of values from artifacts. Two case studies demonstrate the application of value analysis to knowledge organization standards and their resulting data, and show how values and their implications can be discerned from these information artifacts. Value analysis must next be extended beyond standards as documents to examine the fuller ecosystem within which information standards are situated and enacted in order to fully understand their implications, uphold important community values, and maintain ethical information practices.
Bibliotelemetry of information and environment: Evaluation of an IoT‐powered recommender system
Authors: Hahn Jim
Published: February 2019

Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure within the physical library environment is the basis for an integrative, hybrid approach to digital resource recommenders. The IoT infrastructure provides mobile, dynamic wayfinding support for items in the collection, which includes features for location‐based recommendations. A modular evaluation and analysis herein clarified the nature of users' requests for recommendations based on their location and describes subject areas of the library for which users request recommendations. The modular mobile design allowed for deep exploration of users' bibliographic identifiers throughout the global module system, serving to provide context to the browsing data that are the focus of this study. Bibliotelemetry is introduced as an evaluation method for IoT middleware within library collections.
“Life never matters in the DEMOCRATS MIND”: Examining strategies of retweeted social bots during a mass shooting event
Authors: Kitzie Vanessa L. , Mohammadi Ehsan , Karami Amir
Published: February 2019

This exploratory study examines the strategies of social bots on Twitter that were retweeted following a mass shooting event. Using a case study method to frame our work, we collected over seven million tweets during a one‐month period following a mass shooting in Parkland, Florida. From this dataset, we selected retweets of content generated by over 400 social bot accounts to determine what strategies these bots were using and the effectiveness of these strategies as indicated by the number of retweets. We employed qualitative and quantitative methods to capture both macro‐ and micro‐level perspectives. Our findings suggest that bots engage in more diverse strategies than solely waging disinformation campaigns, including baiting and sharing information. Further, we found that while bots amplify conversation about mass shootings, humans were primarily responsible for disseminating bot‐generated content. These findings add depth to the current understanding of bot strategies and their effectiveness. Understanding these strategies can inform efforts to combat dubious information as well as more insidious disinformation campaigns.
Do longer articles gather more citations? Article length and scholarly impact among top biomedical journals
Authors: Lyu Peng‐hui , Wolfram Dietmar
Published: February 2019

Publications represent the most tangible products of research and scholarly communication. Growing pressures placed on researchers to increase their publication counts may encourage them to publish shorter papers, so that more publications may be generated from the same project and program. Is this the case? Furthermore, do shorter papers garner the same impact as longer papers as measured by the citations received? This research examines the relationship between article length and citations received by articles published in three prominent top biomedical research journals over the lifetime of the journals. The study reveals that instead of getting shorter, articles in these journals are getting longer over time. Longer articles in these journals, on average, attract more citations, and are therefore considered more impactful.
Using social and topical distance to analyze information sharing on social media
Authors: Mongeon Philippe
Published: February 2019

The diversity of social media platforms, users and uses has long been a challenge for social media research. The difficulty of inferring meaning from social media acts is also, and perhaps more importantly, due to the fact the even identical acts that are in appearance identical and that occur on the same platforms and contexts can have diverse meanings. This paper proposes a model based on the concepts of social and topical distance that can help shed light on the possible meanings of a social media act. The model considers the social relationship between the content creator and the user, as well as the topical relationship between the content the user's main topics of interest. It is demonstrated by analyzing a set of papers published in JASIST that were tweeted by researchers. The results show that the model can help differentiate between different types of heterogeneous social media acts and users or be used to characterize the attention that a specific content has received on social media.
Community‐driven user evaluation of the Inuvialuit cultural heritage digital library
Authors: Shiri Ali , Stobbs Robyn
Published: February 2019

Preservation of and access to aboriginal and indigenous cultural heritage is emerging as a key area of information science research and development. In this study, we report on a community‐driven user interface evaluation within a cultural heritage digital library that was developed for the Inuit communities in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region in Canada's north. The study adopted a culturally‐aware, multi‐method and multidisciplinary user evaluation framework to examine the usability and usefulness of the Digital Library North user interface. The three‐phase user evaluation study consisted of such methods and approaches as environmental scanning, surveys, interviews, information audits, information tables, open houses as well as various community workshops. The iterative nature of the digital library interface development and usability evaluation provided rich and varied feedback and suggestions for the improvement of the user interface and its searching, browsing and navigation functionalities. The three thematized categories that emerged from the diverse data collected over the course of the three phases include user engagement, search and browse, and interface features. The study found that the development of cultural heritage digital libraries and their user interfaces for northern communities requires diverse, multidisciplinary and longitudinal methodologies that ensure their success, and more importantly, their sustainability and acceptance.
Automatic assessment of mental health using phone metadata
Authors: Singh Vivek K. , Long Teng
Published: February 2019

An accurate and timely assessment of mental health of individuals is an important building block toward healthy well‐functioning societies. Traditional methods for assessing mental health and wellbeing are surveys administered by health‐care professionals. Such surveys are labor intensive, costly, and typically intermittent. With the growth in mobile sensing, health informatics, and data science, this work argues a case for using mobile phone meta‐data and data analytics to automatically infer an individual's mental health. Specifically, based on a clinically utilized health measure as ground truth (MHI‐5) and ten‐week phone usage metadata corpus for 45 participants we report that automated machine learning algorithms utilizing phone based features can achieve reasonable accuracy (around 80%) at automatically classifying the level of mental health of an individual. Results could pave way for cheaper, automated, health assessments with timely escalations to mental health professionals and interventions when required.
The impact of fielding on retrieval performance and bias
Authors: Wilkie Colin , Azzopardi Leif
Published: February 2019

Within many domains, such as news, medicine and patent, documents contain a variety of fields such as title, author, body, source, etc. As such fielded retrieval models that query across these fields are often employed. It is largely presumed that fielding provides a better representation of the document and offers more control when querying and that this will lead to improved retrieval performance. However, depending on how the fields are weighted and if the fields are populated, the retrieval algorithm may unduly favour certain documents over others. This is known as algorithmic bias and it can be detrimental to retrieval systems performance. In this paper, we explore the impact of fielding on retrieval bias and performance across a variety of TREC News Test Collections. We perform an extensive large‐scale analysis on two types of fielded retrieval model variations that are based on the popular BM25 retrieval algorithm where either: fields are scored independently and then combined (Model 1), or fields are first combined and then scored (Model 2). Our findings show that for Model 1 fielding, a strong correlation exists between retrieval bias and performance such that as title fields are weighted more heavily, bias increases, while retrieval performance decreases. When weighting is applied to content‐based fields, performance increases as bias decreases, showing that relying more on content may be favourable in terms of fairness and performance. On the other hand, for Model 2 fielding, the relationship between retrieval bias and performance is more complex. But, crucially we show that Model 2 fielding results in lower retrieval bias and greater performance than Model 1 fielding. And, we observed that under Model 1, news articles without titles are substantially less retrievable (i.e. more susceptible to algorithmic bias). These findings have serious ramifications as many popular Open Source Information Retrieval frameworks, commonly used by professional searchers, use the default implementation of Model 1 for their fielded search capability. This research shows the importance of analysing retrieval algorithms with respect to both bias and performance to ensure they minimize any unwanted or unintended biases when maximising performance. Further work is required to examine this phenomenon in more detail and to design fielded retrieval models that have the advantages of control and performance without detrimental biases.
Beyond mandatory use: Probing the affordances of social media for formal learning in the voluntary context
Authors: Zhou Quan , Lee Chei Sian , Sin Sei‐Ching Joanna
Published: February 2019

The integration of social media in formal education has received consistent interest in the recent decade. While most studies have focused on the mandatory use of social media as pedagogical tools, less explored is the context in which students voluntarily choose and use social media to supplement their formal learning. In this study, we employ an affordance approach to exploring the resources in social media that students perceive and use voluntarily for formal learning. Drawing on a qualitative study using focus groups of university students, we identified ten categories of social media affordances for learning in the voluntary context: association, editability, immediacy, interactivity, manageability, modality, persistence, scalability, searchability, and visibility. The affordances mentioned most frequently by students were visibility, persistence, and interactivity. These identified affordances encompass the major resources offered by social media for learning in the voluntary context, and provide insights into understanding, evaluating, and guiding social media adoption in formal education as well as lifelong learning. This paper concludes by presenting limitations and implications for research and practice.
Online targeting of researchers/academics: Ethical obligations and best practices
Authors: Greyson Devon , Cooke Nicole , Gibson Amelia , Julien Heidi
Published: February 2019

Targeted online harassment of academics has been on the rise in the US and internationally. Such harassment ranges from online threats and hacking to doxxing and organized campaigns to discredit one's work. It has now become an often‐unrecognized part of the job for academics—particularly socially marginalized academics and those who study controversial topics such as race, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality—to work to protect themselves from such attacks. With this increase in intimidation attempts, new questions for the profession arise regarding what skills we should be instilling in trainees, whether professional association and academic units should be taking explicit positions or action on researcher/faculty harassment, and the obligations of our employers with regard to defending faculty, staff, and students. This panel will describe targeted online harassment of academics, discuss models for individual and institutional response, and raise questions for the profession as a whole. Sponsored by SIG ED.
Glittering in the dark: Memory, culture, and critique in light of the history of information
Authors: La Barre Kathryn , Buckland Michael K. , Arafat Sachi
Published: February 2019

An ethical and human‐centered approach to Information Science requires rigorous, historically‐informed analysis of both the resources that inform this discipline and the cultural role it inhabits. This session will present and discuss significant recent developments in the history and foundations of the field. ASIST has formally established a new volunteer administrative position of ASIST Curator. Kathryn La Barre, the newly‐appointed Curator, will describe the role and responsibilities of this position and assess the state of Information Science history in relation to the conference themes. In two complementary reports: Michael Buckland will examine theoretical accounts of the materials made use of in Information Science; and Sachi Arafat will explain why Information Retrieval and Information Science should be integrated and rethought as a science of technology‐mediated experience, and how this new kind of science relates to the pre‐modern memory arts tradition.
Confronting the expanse of data education: From local open data to global cyberinfrastructure
Authors: Palmer Carole , Greenberg Jane , Lin Xia , Howison James , Weber Nicholas , Oh Sam , Murillo Angela
Published: February 2019

As the demand for data science and data‐intensive capabilities grows in all sectors, educators in schools of information and library and information science are working to deepen and expand their programs to meet workforce expectations. This panel will examine current trends and investments in data education and professionalization, with an emphasis on the unique contributions information professionals bring to the data workforce. Educators will present on current initiatives that represent the breadth and complexity of preparing information professionals for work in data intensive environments. Their unique approaches anticipate and respond to workforce demand, address significant educational challenges, and offer models for making progress within the varying contexts of schools in different regions of the U.S. and Asia. Half of the session will be reserved for audience engagement designed to leverage and share the wealth of experience of the educators and students in attendance. The exchange will generate ideas about new directions and successful approaches that educators can apply to set priorities, position their programs, and collaborate to enrich and provide leadership in data education.
Data type and data source preferences for six social sciences subjects in quantitative data reuses
Authors: Lin Chi‐Shiou , Wang Yi‐Yu
Published: February 2019

In this paper we describe an analysis of the most frequently used data types intersecting data sources in quantitative data re‐ uses in six major social science subject disciplines. Using a sample of 1,319 papers from 40 social sciences journals in Taiwan, this study reveals the reuse patterns among the subjects for a time span of 15 years. The finding shows that the six sub‐ jects formed three groups, each with similar data reuse patterns. It also shows that business data from governments, series surveys from academic institutions, and series surveys from governments are the three most important kinds of data for social scientists, but the major users of those data differed.
Word‐building and world‐stealing: Taking, making, and playing across fictional and material borders
Authors: Stobbs Robyn , Oak Arlene
Published: February 2019

Information practices and experiences are complex and layered; they can traverse borders between fiction and reality and the material and immaterial. This poster will present a visual representation of an ongoing narrative analysis from a pilot study of information practices involved in creative engagements with fictional worlds.
Readiness for and barriers to implementation of linked data by Pakistani libraries
Authors: Warraich Nosheen Fatima , Rorissa Abebe
Published: February 2019

The extant literature adequately documents Linked Data initiatives primarily undertaken and implemented in information environments and cultural institutions in Europe and North America. Information professionals play crucial roles in implementing those initiatives that can potentially improve access to knowledge and information. In order to gauge the level of Linked Data application in libraries and have a broader and global understanding, it is important that researchers also explore this topic in the context of libraries in developing countries. Accordingly, our aim in the current study was to assess the willingness and level of interest in the application of Linked Data by librarians in Pakistan as well as determine their perceptions of the barriers to Linked Data application in their respective libraries. A survey of information professionals in Pakistan showed a broad interest in implementing Linked Data technologies, while acknowledging that potential barriers exist. Where there is a skills gap, participants were willing to attend events to learn more about the technologies and their applications in libraries. These and other dynamics could have implications for the prospects of Linked Data applications in Pakistani libraries.
Drugs and bitcoins: What role do bitcoins play in the darknet market? A preliminary study
Authors: Zhang Chenwei , Wei Ruibin , Liu Xiaozhong
Published: February 2019

Darknet markets (DNM) and bitcoins are two emergent topics in the information field and have attracted much attention. However, few has explored them together. This study aims at understanding the relation between them. It is investigated that whether the bitcoin exchange value and the public interest in it are predictable of the daily sales in the darknet markets in the future. By applying the Granger‐causality analysis, we find that the daily bitcoin exchange value with one day lag are Granger causative of the sales, so does the daily searching frequency in Google with one, two, and three‐day(s) lags. From the linear regressions, we find that the increasing bitcoin price reduces the daily DNM sales, while the increasing public interest in bitcoins facilitate the sales. By understanding relation between the DNM sales and bitcoins, two emergent topics in information science, we can get some insights on how to monitor the activities in the DNM, especially those illegal transactions and can further extend to how to regulate the DNM.
Identification of information search strategies and their impact on learning outcome in learning‐related tasks
Authors: Zhu Han , Liu Chang , Song Xiaoxuan
Published: February 2019

This study aims to identify users' information search strategies in learning‐related tasks and investigates how the search strategies would influence their learning outcome. We conducted a lab‐based user experiment with 36 participants, recorded their search interactions during search process and measured their learning outcome by having them answer multiple choice questions after search. We extracted 14 behavioural features in three dimensions and conducted k‐means clustering analysis. Results showed that there were four types of search strategies: Economic Browsing, Supplementary Browsing, Exhaustive Browsing and Exhaustive Searching. It was found that Supplementary Browsing Strategy achieved the best learning outcome, while Economic Browsing Strategy showed the worst outcome, with Exhaustive Searching Strategy and Exhaustive Browsing Strategy in between. The findings indicated that careful selection of content pages and frequent querying were highly beneficial for users' learning during search. This study provides a deeper understanding of users' search strategies and has valuable implications on optimizing search systems to help users achieve better learning outcome.
Gender matters most. The impact on short‐term risk aversion following a financial crash
Authors: Byder James , Agudelo Diego A. , Arango Ignacio
Published: February 2019

This paper examines how investors in an emerging market react to a domestic financial crisis. We conjecture that risk aversion increases following such events and that the effect is more pronounced among specific groups of investors. Our study makes use of a unique dataset of mutual fund investors from one of Colombia's largest stock brokers. Our results reveal that women and self‐employed individuals make the largest withdrawals from risky funds after financial crises.
Name complexity, cognitive fluency, and asset prices
Authors: Fang Chenjun , Zhu Ning
Published: February 2019

We document three interesting phenomena in the Chinese stock market related to the complexity of stock tickers: Companies with more complex stock tickers are (1) held by fewer investors; (2) witness a lower turnover; and (3) experience lower returns during post‐IPO period. The change‐in‐change analysis based on ticker‐changing events generates consistent results. Such results are strong among companies with a higher level of individual investor ownership and stronger information asymmetry. Our findings confirm and extend Green and Jame (Journal of Financial Economics, 2013, 109:813–834) and support that cognitive fluency and name recognition influence investor behavior and asset prices.
Is tetherin a true antiviral: The influenza a virus controversy
Authors: Sharma Anshika , Lal Sunil K.
Published: February 2019

Tetherin, an interferon‐inducible gene was first discovered to be an antiviral factor in 2008. A vast range of viruses, such as influenza A virus (IAV), dengue virus, Ebola virus, HIV, and RSV, have been reported to be susceptible to the antiviral activity of tetherin. Multiple reports have been published encompassing the role of tetherin in the IAV life cycle. To date, nine reports have been published regarding the role of tetherin in the IAV life cycle, with four reports supporting tetherin as an antiviral factor while five other reports suggesting no effect. To this end, this review summarizes the list of viruses currently known to be inhibited by tetherin and describes mechanisms used by viruses to overcome the antiviral potential of tetherin. Further, using IAV as disease model, we provide existing evidence in favor and against tetherin being considered as an antiviral candidate. Subsequent analysis of the experimental procedures across IAV‐tetherin published reports revealed that the experimental setup (ie, cell lines, transfection reagents, and multiplicity of infection), strain‐specific activity of NS1, and differing roles of NS1 in different cell lines may add up to the contributing factors leading to the discrepancies observed.
Coupling O2 and K2S2O8 Dual Co‐reactant with Fe‐N‐C Modified Electrode for Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Signal Amplification
Authors: Dang Xueming , Sun Mei , Sinha Ankita , Niu Junfeng , Zhao Huimin
Published: February 2019

The sensitivity of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor relies on the co‐reactant and the electrode modification materials. Herein, dual co‐reactants (O2 and K2S2O8) and porous carbon with doped N and Fe3O4 (Fe‐N−C) materials modified electrode were proposed for ECL signal amplification in a quantum dots (QDs) ECL system. Firstly, Fe‐N−C materials were synthesized and the effect of pyrolysis temperature on Fe‐N−C materials was evaluated towards ECL intensity. The developed ECL sensor exhibited high sensitivity and specificity towards oxytetracycline (OTC) detection with a detection limit of 0.27 pM (≈ 0.12 ng L−1). Doped N in porous Fe‐N−C materials not only promoted the O2 reduction reaction (ORR) but also accelerated the conversion of Fe2+/Fe3+ in Fe3O4, which catalyzed co‐reactants to their relevant free radicals (SO4⋅− and ⋅OH). Moreover, the decomposition efficiency of K2S2O8 and generation of free radical were promoted through the reaction between OH⋅ and K2S2O8, as well as SO4⋅− and H2O. Therefore, the amounts of excited QDs were increased via the energy and electron transfer process between QDs and free radicals, resulting in a highly enhanced ECL signal. The proposed signal amplification strategy offered an efficient way to improve the catalytic activity of ECL reagents and to boost the sensitivity of ECL sensors.
Overcoming Biological Barriers in Neuroblastoma Therapy: The Vascular Targeting Approach with Liposomal Drug Nanocarriers
Authors: Pastorino Fabio , Brignole Chiara , Di Paolo Daniela , Perri Patrizia , Curnis Flavio , Corti Angelo , Ponzoni Mirco
Published: February 2019

Neuroblastoma is a rare pediatric cancer characterized by a wide clinical behavior and adverse outcome despite aggressive therapies. New approaches based on targeted drug delivery may improve efficacy and decrease toxicity of cancer therapy. Furthermore, nanotechnology offers additional potential developments for cancer imaging, diagnosis, and treatment. Following these lines, in the past years, innovative therapies based on the use of liposomes loaded with anticancer agents and functionalized with peptides capable of recognizing neuroblastoma cells and/or tumor‐associated endothelial cells have been developed. Studies performed in experimental orthotopic models of human neuroblastoma have shown that targeted nanocarriers can be exploited for not only decreasing the systemic toxicity of the encapsulated anticancer drugs, but also increasing their tumor homing properties, enhancing tumor vascular permeability and perfusion (and, consequently, drug penetration), inducing tumor apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, and reducing tumor glucose consumption. Furthermore, peptide‐tagged liposomal formulations are proved to be more efficacious in inhibiting tumor growth and metastatic spreading of neuroblastoma than nontargeted liposomes. These findings, herein reviewed, pave the way for the design of novel targeted liposomal nanocarriers useful for multitargeting treatment of neuroblastoma.
Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of High Crystallinity Sb2Se3 Nanowire with Strong Anisotropy for Near‐Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Ma Zongpeng , Chai Shouning , Feng Qingliang , Li Liang , Li Xiaobo , Huang Lingli , Liu Dongyan , Sun Jie , Jiang Ruibin , Zhai Tianyou , Xu Hua
Published: February 2019

Low‐dimensional semiconductors have attracted considerable attention due to their unique structures and remarkable properties, which makes them promising materials for a wide range of applications related to electronics and optoelectronics. Herein, the preparation of 1D Sb2Se3 nanowires (NWs) with high crystal quality via chemical vapor deposition growth is reported. The obtained Sb2Se3 NWs have triangular prism morphology with aspect ratio range from 2 to 200, and three primary lattice orientations can be achieved on the sixfold symmetry mica substrate. Angle‐resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy measurement reveals strong anisotropic properties of the Sb2Se3 NWs, which is also developed to identify its crystal orientation. Furthermore, photodetectors based on Sb2Se3 NW exhibit a wide spectral photoresponse range from visible to NIR (400–900 nm). Owing to the high crystallinity of Sb2Se3 NW, the photodetector acquires a photocurrent on/off ratio of about 405, a responsivity of 5100 mA W−1, and fast rise and fall times of about 32 and 5 ms, respectively. Additionally, owing to the anisotropic structure of Sb2Se3 NW, the device exhibits polarization‐dependent photoresponse. The high crystallinity and superior anisotropy of Sb2Se3 NW, combined with controllable preparation endows it with great potential for constructing multifunctional optoelectronic devices.
Retraction: Dual Effects of Nanostructuring and Oxygen Vacancy on Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Activity of Superstructured and Defective Hematite Nanorods
Authors: Wang Lei , Marcus Kyle , Huang Xiaojuan , Shen Zhiqiang , Yang Yang , Bi Yingpu
Published: February 2019

Small 2018, 14, 1704464

The above article, published online on February 27, 2018 in Wiley Online Library (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com), has been retracted by agreement between the corresponding authors, the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, José Oliveira, and Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Although the authors stand by the scientific content of the paper, the retraction has been agreed upon due to material (Figures 1j and 1k) collected by the first author in an external lab being included in the publication without the consent of the third party.

L. Wang, K. Marcus, X. Huang, Z. Shen, Y. Yang, Y. Bi, Small 2018, 14, 1704464; https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201704464