bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fazer filmes e fazer-se no cinema indígena de mulheres indígenas com Patrícia Ferreira Pará Yxapy
Authors: Pinheiro Sophia Ferreiro
Published: September 2021

Este artigo traça alguns caminhos da trajetória da cineasta Mbyá-Guarani Patrícia Ferreira Pará Yxapy, a partir das relações que ela estabelece com as imagens e das relações que juntas estabelecemos ao longo de quase uma década de colaboração e amizade. Neste fragmento da minha pesquisa de mestrado, contextualizo o fazer cinema de Patrícia em seu enquadramento cosmológico e social, o atual “estado das coisas” no cinema indígena brasileiro feito por mulheres e as representações imagéticas de Patrícia e de outras cineastas indígenas. Nesse processo, por meio do cinema, Patrícia performa a sua auto-etnografia e auto-mise-en-scène, manipulando o documentário indireto enquanto agente histórica, ou seja, escolhe os meios e as formas de se mostrar, exercendo um espaço de liderança por meio de seu trabalho que tensiona alguns processos da produção artística hegemônica.
Gênero, sexualidade e regionalidade:
Authors: Lira Kalline
Published: September 2021

Este artigo analisa o trabalho sexual em duas cidades do sertão nordestino a partir da intersecção dos marcadores sociais da diferença entre gênero, sexualidade e regionalidade. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, foram entrevistadas cinco pessoas que tem como fonte de renda principal o trabalho sexual. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e para análise utilizou-se a técnica de análise do conteúdo. Os dados apontam que o trabalho sexual nas cidades sertanejas, de forma geral, são heteronormativos, no que se refere aos estereótipos criados sobre a região como machista, patriarcal e conservadora. Os discursos apresentados apontam as dissidências das/os trabalhadoras/es sexuais na região estudada. Esse estudo inicial propõe um olhar para além dos arranjos binários de gênero e uma investigação dos discursos que naturalizam valores relacionados ao sertão nordestino, como uma região que nega a feminilidade ao criar homens e mulheres valentes e viris. Percebe-se que o gênero é relacionado à identidade regional, e que a intersecção dos marcadores da diferença é produzida nos discursos das/os trabalhadoras/es sexuais entrevistadas/os.
Esterilização compulsória de mulheres com deficiência:
Authors: Oliveira Araújo Geórgia , Adriano Araújo Luana
Published: September 2021

Nesse trabalho, buscamos propor uma resposta alinhada com a bioética feminista à questão da esterilização não-voluntária de mulheres com deficiência. Em um primeiro momento, estabelecemos vias de reconciliação dos estudos feministas com os estudos de deficiência, expondo os “dilemas” mais sensíveis nos encontros entre estes, quais sejam os testes pré-natais, os abortos seletivos e as desigualdades do trabalho de cuidado. Em seguida, tratamos da necessária diferenciação entre os direitos sexuais e os direitos reprodutivos, considerando que, a despeito de sua conexão, estiveram ambos sob o domínio das expectativas sociais sobre as questões de reprodução. Em terceiro lugar, tratamos da questão da esterilização no âmbito da autonomia reprodutiva, considerando o previsto no art. 6º da Lei de Planejamento Familiar (LPF). Utilizando metodologia bibliográfica e documental, exploramos o referencial dos estudos de deficiência, da bioética feminista, da bioética da deficiência e dos direitos sexuais e direitos reprodutivos. Concluímos pela utilização da bioética feminista como via de dissolução do nó da esterilização não-voluntária de mulheres com deficiência, dado que a instrumentalização desse referencial elucida as falsas dicotomias entre ambos os movimentos teóricos e trata adequadamente da interseccionalidade que atravessa a temática.
A morte como horizonte?
Authors: Lima Luana , Cunha Paz Francisco Phelipe
Published: September 2021

O racismo, dispositivo de exclusão e hierarquização ontológica, marca nos corpos e subjetividades negras, o signo da morte. Levando em consideração os efeitos da desumanização e os sofrimentos de origem racial, objetivou-se produzir uma reflexão da morte-suicídio em sua interface com o racismo à luz do conceito da necropolítica. O suicídio na população negra brasileira é um fenômeno que remete ao racismo estrutural, cuja força das experiências de pobreza, de não pertencimento, desemprego, humilhações, violências, etc., são condicionantes que se associam ao adoecimento físico e psíquico, bem como correspondem aos fatores de risco reconhecidos pela suicidologia. Sendo a necropolítica uma forma de governabilidade que expõe e condena à morte, regulando inclusive a vontade de viver, aposta-se na ideia do racismo, homicídio e suicídio das pessoas negras como partes do mesmo pacote genocida acionado historicamente pelo Estado brasileiro. Por último, baseado em um estudo empírico, foi tecida uma análise acerca do silenciamento do racismo na produção em saúde. A existência negra precarizada em suas múltiplas facetas, a estatística crescente, a ausência de categorias raciais, bem como a sugestiva relação entre a interdição do discurso e a desumanização das mortes, promulga a racialização do suicídio como imperativo ético.
economia moral dos cuidados:
Authors: Sousa Correa Ranna Mirthes
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo compõe parte da minha pesquisa de doutorado que procura discutir estratégias de acesso a vagas em creche na educação infantil em Porto Alegre/RS a fim de estar atenta às diversas experiências de cuidado articuladas pelas mães e famílias. Nesse contexto, este texto busca refletir como as casas de "cuida-se", casas de mulheres que cuidam de crianças nas comunidades do Campo da Tuca e no Morro da Polícia são um sítio etnográfico possível para refletir sobre uma economia moral do cuidado de crianças que envolvem as relações entre as famílias, o trabalho e os afetos e o estado. Inspirada pela noção de economia moral de Didier Fassin(2014), proponho refletir sobre tais práticas de cuidado como uma economia moral de cuidados que envolve diferentes atores, instituições e significados.  Tais apontamentos são relevantes para se discutir como a relação das casas com o estado estrutura dinâmicas locais diversas na capital gaúcha a partir da agência e articulação dessa população.
El derecho humano a la educación en el tratamiento penitenciario basado en la resocialización: una mirada desde la realidad Argentina.
Authors: Lizio Gabriela Soledad , Scarfó Francisco
Published: September 2021

Resumen

El presente texto, tiene como objetivo poner en conocimiento y concientizar a la sociedad acerca de la educación como derecho de todo habitante en el mundo, así como también dar a conocer los diferentes hechos que se producen en torno a ello dentro de las cárceles, dificultando e imposibilitando la continuidad de los estudios de quienes allí residen; informando, asimismo, la realidad educativa con la que se ingresa y posteriormente se vive en las cárceles argentinas; advirtiendo la importancia de los centros educativos dentro y fuera de los centros penitenciarios para la continuidad de los estudios de los/as detenidos; entendiendo el rol del Estado y el Servicio Penitenciario en términos de control y derechos; las diferentes acciones legales de los/as privados de la libertad para ejercer los mismos, la mirada social ante los derechos y garantías de éstos; el lugar que la educación ocupa en términos de resociabilización y su distinción del tratamiento.

Palabras-clave: cárcel, tratamiento, resocialización, derecho a la educación.
Salud mental y resocialización: tensiones y desafíos
Authors: Bravo Omar Alejandro
Published: September 2021

Las cárceles latinoamericanas se caracterizan, por elevados grados de hacinamiento y violencia institucional, así como por albergar a una mayoría de sujetos jóvenes provenientes de contextos de pobreza y vulnerabilidad.

                Así mismo, el encarcelamiento afecta la salud mental de estas personas, producto de la violencia cotidiana, la falta de privacidad, distancia con la familia y el ocio obligado, siendo el consumo de drogas una manera de aliviar ese sufrimiento.

                No obstante, los efectos del encarcelamiento en la salud mental no han sido suficientemente abordados, en parte porque la función de la psicología en estos contextos se ha visto sofocada por la exigencia de contribuir a los procesos de resocialización de la población presa Esta resocialización, cuando no son ofrecidas condiciones de estudio, formación laboral y posibilidades de inserción social futura, se transforma en un imperativo vacío, una ficción necesaria para la continuidad de este tipo de instituciones.

Este texto, a manera de ensayo, intenta mostrar las tensiones y contradicciones entre esos objetivos de resocialización que la cárcel impone y una perspectiva de salud mental que dimensione formas de relación solidarias y amplias, tomando como referencia para esto una experiencia de intervención realizada en la cárcel de Villahermosa de Cali, Colombia.
Educação, Escolarização e Liberdade no Sistema Socioeducativo
Authors: Pacheco Alves Rogerio
Published: September 2021

O objetivo do presente trabalho é o de problematizar o papel do direito à educação no sistema socioeducativo a partir de suas ambiguidades. Num primeiro momento, pretende-se demonstrar que tais ambiguidades já estão presentes na concepção moderna de educação ou pedagogia, tensões que também serão absorvidas em terra brasilis, em especial pela legislação do Século XX. A partir da análise de pesquisa realizada pelo Grupo de Trabalho e Estudos sobre Políticas de Restrição e Privação de Liberdade da Universidade Federal Fluminense, pretende-se demonstrar o perfil dos adolescentes em conflito com a lei e como a escolarização de tais sujeitos cumpre um papel fundamental na avaliação, por parte da autoridade policial, sobre a sua “liberação”, ou seja, sobre a necessidade de manutenção, ou não, de sua apreensão administrativa. Já a partir da análise de algumas decisões do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo, o objetivo é discutir em que medida a não-aderência do adolescente a um projeto de ressocialização através da educação pode ser levada em conta como critério de agravamento de sua situação jurídica. A metodologia consistirá na revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e na análise de dados empíricos, com incursões nos campos do direito, da filosofia e da sociologia.
A questão da ressocialização nas trincheiras do sistema prisional brasileiro:
Authors: Martins Rogéria
Published: September 2021

Muitos elementos na dinâmica dos mecanismos de ressocialização incidem em produções de desigualdade. Nossa intenção de trabalho busca, sobretudo, focar na produção das desigualdades determinadas pelo sistema prisional, a partir da questão ressocialização, buscando compreender elementos que demarcam a condição de gênero e como o sistema prisional produz diferenciações de “tratamento penal”, nessa relação de acesso as políticas de execução penal no sistema prisonal brasileiro. Para esse feito, recorre-se ao modelo analítico da sociologia do guichet, que aduz uma interpretação própria ao sistema prisional, conferindo um novo status analítico ao tema, buscando inventariar condicionalidades atribuídas nessa relação entre quem demanda o serviço estatal e quem o opera.
Qué Pasó con la Sociedad de Ocio?
Authors: Zuzanek Jiri
Published: September 2021

Resumen:  Este texto presenta el libro Veal, A.J. (2019). Whatever Happened to the Leisure Society? London: Routledge, 296 p., exponen los estúdios anteriores relacionado con el tema, realiza um balance del campo de estúdios y hace uma evaluación del libro bajo análisis.

 Palabras clave: Ocio; Historia; Cambio Social; Sociedad.
Cooperativismo e Turismo: a pobreza como eixo discursivo da agenda neoliberal
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano
Published: September 2021

A teoria do desenvolvimento sem dúvida abriu uma brecha entre os intelectuais, o que se baseia em seus efeitos. Parte da biblioteca ou literatura especializada chama atenção para a dependência de estados pobres em relação às agências internacionais de financiamento tais como o FMI ou o Banco Mundial, enquanto outros destacam os benefícios de desenvolvimento que, associado ao turismo, tirou certas economias emergentes da estagnação econômica. Este artigo explora teoricamente parte das limitações e vantagens da teoria do desenvolvimento aplicada ao turismo e a hospitalidade; e o faz através de uma de suas formas mais concretas, o cooperativismo. Ele resgata o papel da ética como princípio que vai além da lógica instrumental do mercado, fortalecendo a resiliência comunitária a longo prazo. Paradoxalmente, como enfatizaram Comaroff e Comaroff, o cooperativismo ameaça (sob certas circunstâncias) a governabilidade dos Estados-nação, criando o clima para conflitos sociais e políticos. Nos últimos anos, alguns especialistas têm chamado a atenção para as limitações da comoditização da pobreza, eixo central para o cooperativismo.

Palavras-chave: Pobreza; Desenvolvimento; Dependência; Cooperativismo; Turismo Sustentável.
Olhar para Fora
Authors: Xavier Gonçalves Mirna
Published: September 2021

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo explorar algumas das possibilidades do trabalho de Kátia Prates (Porto Alegre, 1964), especialmente se visto diante do cenário atual brasileiro, que envolve uma catástrofe pandêmica. O texto discorre sobre a capacidade apresentada pelo conjunto de obras de Prates como potentes lentes sob as quais pode-se sensibilizar o cotidiano maçante da pandemia.
Diz-Ser-T-Ação: Escolhendo Companhias Através de Um Eu
Authors: Menezes Del Bianchi Eleonora
Published: September 2021

A capacidade da linguagem é fascinante. Um dos motivos é poder fazer parecer “natural” o que podem ser escolhas coletivas pelo sentido racional. Escrevendo a dissertação sinto ser a primeira vez que tenho liberdade (parcial) de pensamento - de escolher quais autoras irei me relacionar. Relações terão um papel importante para definir o que esperar de uma vivência comunitária e o que experimentaremos como resultado dela. A temporalidade estimada do mestrado é de dois anos, durante os quais também me deparo com constantes questionamentos sobre as estruturas de aquisição e compartilhamento de conhecimento que me atravessaram. Como compor e deliciar-se, com reverberações conscientes, nos múltiplos universos de outras e eus?
O Presente Corrente
Authors: Preciosa Rosane , Castello Branco Marta
Published: September 2021

O Presente Corrente: Apresentação
Criar é criar a si mesmo
Authors: Ferreira Alves Lindomberto
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo apresenta uma cartografia provisória ao percurso artístico trilhado pela artista multimídia contemporânea Rubiane Maia (Caratinga/MG, 1979), entre os anos de 2006 e 2016. Recorte temporal que demarca os primeiros dez anos de carreira desta que é um dos nomes relevantes da geração de performers, brasileiros e estrangeiros, à qual pertence, bem como um dos nomes centrais da produção contemporânea em Artes Visuais no Estado do Espírito Santo surgidos no começo do século XXI e, até o momento, um dos que conseguiu maior inserção no cenário artístico nacional e internacional. Tendo em vista a escassez de publicações da área que ascendam o interesse na pesquisa teórica e no exercício crítico sobre a produção artística de Rubiane Maia, busca-se com este artigo corroborar no processo de apresentação e de descoberta de sua obra. Visa-se, portanto, colocar em circulação o conjunto da obra de Rubiane produzido nos agenciamentos migratórios tensionados a partir dos percursos artísticos empreendidos nos primeiros dez anos de sua carreira, não somente dando visibilidade a sua produção, mas, também, introduzindo a importância e a potência desses trabalhos – contribuindo tanto para a difusão da arte produzida por esta artista, aqui e no mundo, em especial no campo da performance e do vídeo, quanto para a inserção do seu projeto poético no radar da crítica de arte contemporânea.
Madalena Schwartz
Authors: Pitol André
Published: September 2021

A natureza complexa das migrações implica uma abrangência do fenômeno pelas mais variadas instâncias de criação e de reflexão, dentre as quais a perspectiva artística, e em especial a fotografia, assume um enquadramento propositivo de análise. Neste artigo, pretende-se examinar a questão estudando alguns episódios do percurso migratório de Madalena Schwartz (1921-1993), fotógrafa húngara que se estabeleceu Brasil nos anos 1960, depois de viver na Argentina desde a década de 1930. Essas duas travessias (Budapeste – Buenos Aires – São Paulo) são privilegiadas a fim de investigar as artes, as migrações e a dimensão de gênero como marcadores presentes na experiência de Schwartz, privilegiando dois enfoques centrais. O primeiro enfoque apresenta momentos fotográficos de sua trajetória – como a sua participação no Foto Cine Clube Bandeirante, a criação de ensaios comissionados para revistas, a exibição de retratos em exposições de museus e uma leitura editorial de sua produção em catálogos e fotolivros. O segundo enfoque amplia a análise de Schwartz para as trajetórias de outras fotógrafas imigrantes, como Hildegard Rosenthal, Alice Brill, Maureen Bisilliat e Claudia Andujar, procurando identificar correlações possíveis entre os trânsitos e atuações delas no campo cultural no Brasil. Ambos os enfoques procuram evidenciar as potencialidades expressivas e propostas fotográficas de Madalena Schwartz entre as décadas de 1960 e 1990, percurso no qual a dimensão de gênero é uma categoria transversal, no sentido de identificar os processos de presença e atuação das mulheres nos fluxos migratórios e nas esferas artísticas.
Mira Schendel, Anna Maria Maiolino e Liliana Porter
Authors: Costa Andréia Paulina Costa
Published: September 2021

Esse artigo propõe pensar as poéticas das artistas Mira Schendel, Anna Maria Maiolino e Liliana Porter, em relação as dinâmicas de deslocamento migratório, exílio e refúgio e o impacto dessas questões em suas obras.
Новая концепция пировидикона на основе пироэлектрического
электронно−оптического преобразователя диапазона 1-12 мкм
Authors: Терещенко О. Е. , Иванов С. В. , Половников Н. А.
Published: September 2021

Основная цель работы − реализация концепции создания неохлаждаемых тепловизионных
приборов с высоким пространственным разрешением, формирующих тепловое изображение в
диапазоне длин волн 1-14 мкм, на основе пироэлектрических пленок Sr1-xBaxNb2O6 (SBN) с
использованием внутреннего усиления.
В работе представлена концепция пировидикона, представляющих собой пирикон со сплошной
мишенью из пироэлектрика Sr1-xBaxNb2O6, интегрированной в вакуумный фотодиод с
мультищелочным фотокатодом. В отличие от стандартного пировидикона роль катода выполняет
мультищелочной катод, а сканирование электронным пучком осуществляется разверткой лазерного
луча. Изменение температуры, вызванное инфракрасным изображением, создает соответствующее
распределение потенциала, которое считывается сканирующим электронным лучом. К преимуществу
пирикона можно отнести отсутствие мультиплексора, роль которого выполняет считывающий
электронный пучок. Недостатком – отсутствие внутреннего усиления пироэлектрического сигнала.
Одним из решений преодоления отмеченного недостатка является создание пироэлектрического
электронно − оптического преобразователя (ПЭОП) [1].
Нами предложен ПЭОП с пиромишенью на основе пленки SBN со сквозными отверстиями для
прохождения электронного потока, который модулируется в соответствии с распределением
потенциала на поверхности мишени, возникающим при проецировании на мишень теплового
излучения. В работе изучены пироэлектрические и оптические свойства пленок SBN:La толщиной 0.5-
2.5 мкм, выращенные методом высокочастотного вакуумного осаждения на поверхность тонких
металлических фольг и кремния. Изучен состав, структура и морфология полученных пленок SBN.
Полученные величины пирокоэффициента γ варьировались в диапазоне 6.1-81.5 нКл/(см2К) в
зависимости от температуры роста и толщины пленок. Изучен фазовый переход.
Собран первый прототип ПЭОП на основе ЭОП-2
+
, в котором изучены фотоэмиссионные свойства
и проведены измерения энергетического распределения фотоэлектронов, проходящих сквозь
пиромишень.
Cell Transplantation Therapies to Reverse Type 1 Diabetes: A review
Authors: Inam Amrah , Alam Zia , Shah Obaid Ullah , Misbah  , Shi Fanxiong
Published: September 2021

Stem cell technology is demonstrating promising advancements in cure of diseases due its differentiation ability. Type 1 diabetes is mainly caused by autoimmune ? cells destruction. In this review, we focus on treatment procedures of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) with numerous stem cells (SCs) i.e hPSCs, MSCs, hESCs, BMSCs, AFSCs, HSCs and islet cells (that are not stem cells but they are approved worldwide and are being successfully used to permanently reverse T1D). A brief overview of this disease along with the advancements in treatment of T1D with stem cells is discussed. Biomaterial encapsulation to avoid immune rejection and improved immunomodulation and immune tolerance via drugs /bioengineering techniques makes the outcomes of SC therapies more efficient and productive, hence, proving to be another future milestone of completely reversing type 1 diabetes especially in those patients who got clinically diagnosed at an early stage and then received prompt treatment of either restoration of already available ? cells functionality or transplantation of purified and functional SCs differentiated insulin producing cells to normalize the glycemic control and homeostasis.

Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes, ?-cells, Stem cells, Biomaterial
Transferring of Lactobacillus antibiotic resistant genes to Salmonella
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad , Rahman Sajjad-ur- , Bashir Muhammad Jawad , Aslam Rizwan , Ali Sultan , Jabbar Abdul
Published: September 2021

Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide issue and becoming more problematic due to extensive misuse of antibiotics. The present study was aimed to analyze role of Lactobacillus in transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (tetM, ermB, sul2) to Salmonella and verification of these genes by real time polymerase chain reaction. A total of thirty fecal samples (15 were indigenous and 15 were broilers) were collected and analyzed by real time polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that there was high expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Lactobacillus in case of broiler chicken than indigenous ones indicating Lactobacillus as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes but found to be non-significant in transferring these genes to Salmonella. In conclusion, the excessive use of animal growth promoters in poultry assists in acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by normal micro-biota.

Keywords: Broiler, Non-significant, Antibiotic resistance, Real time polymerase chain
Isolation and Identification of the Potential Novel L-asparaginase producing Bacillus Strains from Soil
Authors: Nazli Naushaba , Masood Rukhsar , Salman Muhmmad , Nasir Bilal , Shireen Farah , Mehmood Asif , Hussain Farrukh , Ahmad Shabir , Bangash Sudhair Abbas
Published: September 2021

L-Asparaginase is a well know enzyme for its antineoplastic potential and is widely used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphosarcoma. The present work describes the isolation and characterization of novel L-asparaginase producing Bacillus strains from soil. Soil samples were collected from three different locations such as fruit garden, dairy farm and agricultural land in Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The isolates were screened to produce L-asparaginase in growth medium supplemented with 1% L-asparagine using a phenol red indicator. Among 30 bacterial isolates, only two strains initially coded as A5 and FG7 showed L-asparaginase activity. Based on biochemical and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, the isolate A5 and FG7 were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus proteolyticus respectively. Different factors like pH and time were optimized for maximum L-asparaginase activity. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens showed maximum asparaginase activity at pH 7 after 24 hours incubation at 30oC, while Bacillus proteolyticus showed optimum activity at pH 7 after 48 hours of incubation at 30oC. The present study first time reported the production of L-asparginase enzyme from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus proteolyticus.

Keywords: L-asparaginase, Bacillusamyloliquefaciens, Bacillus proteolyticus, 16sRNA.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Hospital Environment
Authors: Ullah Munzer , Ullah Hayat , Noor Khaliq , Sarfraz Maliha , Khan Misbah Ullah , Bibi Uzma , Nabi Ghulam , Kanwal Maheen , Ramzan Kainat , Metwaly Ahmed M.
Published: September 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of disease and death particularly in cystic fibrosis patients and also considered resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, it is very difficult to remove the Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the hospital environment by using simple techniques. In the contemporary study, biofilm mediated mechanism of various antimicrobial responses were analyzed. For this purpose, different Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates were collected from Pakistan medical institute Islamabad (PIMS) hospital and were investigated for pellicle formation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were studied for different groups of antibiotics including imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, amikacin, tobramycin, gentamicin, piperacillin, cefoperazone, and cefotaxime. The goal was to check antimicrobial susceptibility of pseudomonas aeruginosa which shows resistant to tobramycin, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefoperazone. Additionally, in this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were also investigated for pellicle formation. In conclusion, this research work wills highlights the useful mechanism of antibiotics resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in clinical practice.

Keywords: Antibiotics, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibiotics, Biofilm, Peliclle.
Tunable Fluid-Type Metasurface for Wide-Angle and Multifrequency Water-Air Acoustic Transmission
Authors: Huang Zhandong , Zhao Shengdong , Zhang Yiyuan , Cai Zheren , Li Zheng , Xiao Junfeng , Su Meng , Guo Qiuquan , Zhang Chuanzeng , Pan Yaozong , Cai Xiaobing , Song Yanlin , Yang Jun
Published: September 2021

Efficient acoustic communication across the water-air interface remains a great challenge owing to the extreme acoustic impedance mismatch. Few present acoustic metamaterials can be constructed on the free air-water interface for enhancing the acoustic transmission because of the interface instability. Previous strategies overcoming this difficulty were limited in practical usage, as well as the wide-angle and multifrequency acoustic transmission. Here, we report a simple and practical way to obtain the wide-angle and multifrequency water-air acoustic transmission with a tunable fluid-type acoustic metasurface (FAM). The FAM has a transmission enhancement of acoustic energy over 200 times, with a thickness less than the wavelength in water by three orders of magnitude. The FAM can work at an almost arbitrary water-to-air incident angle, and the operating frequencies can be flexibly adjusted. Multifrequency transmissions can be obtained with multilayer FAMs. In experiments, the FAM is demonstrated to be stable enough for practical applications and has the transmission enhancement of over 20 dB for wide frequencies. The transmission enhancement of music signal across the water-air interface was performed to demonstrate the applications in acoustic communications. The FAM will benefit various applications in hydroacoustics and oceanography.
Frequency Distribution of Gingival Biotype and Related Factors in an Adult Population of Isfahan
Authors: Kiani Sima , khalesi Saeedeh , Yaghini Jaber , Azad Fatemeh
Published: September 2021

Background: Gingival biotype can be influenced by genetic factors, tooth-related factors and biological issues. This study aimed to determine the biotype of facial gingival and related factors. Methods: In this study, 300 patients (128 males and 172 females) with a mean age of 36.2 ± 13.27 were selected by simple random sampling. Patients’ characteristics including age, gender, smoking, dental and keratinized gingival anatomy and oral hygiene parameters were recorded and their associations with gingival biotype were investigated using Transparency method. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS24 using t test, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Frequency of thin gingival biotype was higher than that of thick gingival biotype. There was a significant relationship between gingival biotype of upper central incisors areas and age (P < 0.001), vibratory brushing (P=0.019) and keratinized gingival width (P=0.021). There was also a significant relationship between the gingival biotype of lower central incisor area and gender (P=0.036), vibratory brushing (P=0.010), vertical brushing (P=0.009) and keratinized gingival width (P=0.011). Moreover, a significant direct relationship was discovered between Gingival biotype of upper and lower central incisors areas. No relationship was found between frequency and duration of brushing, dental flossing, plaque index, tooth shape, and smoking with gingival biotype (P> 0.005). Conclusions: Gingival biotype was associated with age, gender and keratinized gingival width, as well as some brushing characteristics such as the brushing method.
Effect of Chlorhexidine Containing Fluoride on Dental Plaque, Gingivitis, and Tooth Discoloration: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Taghizadeh Fatemeh , Fakhari Elham
Published: September 2021

Background: The combination of chlorhexidine (CHX) and fluoride is believed to enhance the effects of both constituent elements, and reduce their possible side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CHX containing sodium fluoride on dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and tooth discoloration. Methods: In this double-blind clinical study, 40 patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups. One group was given CHX 0.12%, and the other one was provided with sodium fluoride 0.05%-CHX 0.12% mouthwashes. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and discoloration index (DI) were measured at the beginning of the study and then after two weeks. Data were analyzed using chi-squared and independent t test. Results: PI and GI were significantly reduced in the group with CHX + sodium fluoride compared to the one with CHX (P<0.001); however, the difference between two groups in terms of DI was not statistically significant (P =0.08). Both groups showed complications, but their differences were not statistically significant (P=0.5). Conclusions: Mouth wash containing CHX + sodium fluoride was more effective in dental plaque control and gingival inflammation than the one only including CHX, although complications were not statistically significant between the two groups.
Development and Characterization of Controlled Porosity Osmotic Pump Tablets of Captopril
Authors: Mahjoub Paniz , Morshedlu Amid
Published: September 2021

Background: The objective of the present study was to design a porous osmotic pump-based drug delivery system for the controlled release of captopril (Cap) which can maintain a constant therapeutic concentration, thus reducing dose-related side effects and dosing frequency. Methods: The study evaluated in vitro drug release for the controlled porosity osmotic pump tablet (CPOPT) of Cap. This in vitro drug release study investigated the influence of the tablet formulation variables such as the amount of mannitol, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K4M (HPMCK4M), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K-30) in the core and the concentration of cellulose acetate and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) in the coating solution. Results: It was found that the drug release was mostly affected by the amount of mannitol, HPMCK4M, and PVP K-30 in the core and the amount of cellulose acetate and PEG-400 in the coating solution. Conclusion: In general, the objective of the study was established by coating the core tablet containing osmotic and pore-forming agents. Therefore, the CPOPT of Cap could be a safe, effective, stable, and promising preparation in the future.
Investigation on Chemical Constituents of Foeniculum vulgare Essential Oil and the Molecular Docking Studies of its Components for Possible Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Inhibition
Authors: Taherkhani Amir , Khamverdi Zahra , Sayafi Mahdi , Moradkhani Shirin
Published: September 2021

Background: Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) has a wide range of applications. Previous studies revealed the presence of different compounds in the essential oil (EO) of fennel fruit (FF). Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) participates in several human biological processes including the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, activation or degradation of some significant regulatory proteins, and tumor cell invasion. Furthermore, the up-regulation of MMP-13 is associated with many disorders such as tooth caries and periodontitis, as well as the degradation of enamel and tissues around the implant and Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to investigate the compounds of the EO of FF (EOFF) from the Hamedan district, along with performing molecular docking analysis to assess the binding affinity of four compounds originated from F. vulgare with the MMP-13. Finally, the study focused on evaluating the pharmacokinetic and toxicity characteristics of the compounds. Methods: Hydrodistillation method was used for obtaining the EO from FF. Then, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to identify the components of the EO. Molecular docking analysis was carried out using AutoDock software. Eventually, the pharmacokinetic and toxicity features of compounds were evaluated using bioinformatics webservers. Results: The results revealed the presence of fourteen compounds, among which e-anethole (86.86%), fenchone (743%), estragole (165%), and thymol (1.21%) were the main components. Based on the results, thymol, fenchone, e-anethole, and estragole could potentially bind to the MMP-13 active site, respectively. Conclusion: Regardless of several studies on the chemical constituents of EOFF, the subject has its own pharmacognostical importance. According to computational studies, EOFF has the potential for study on several human disorders such as cancer, tooth decay, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Pulmonary Protective Effects of Propofol on Cisplatin-Induced Oxidative Damage in Male Rats
Authors: Makhdoomi Sajjad , Oftade Akram , Khodabandehlou Sodabe , Ranjbar Akram
Published: September 2021

Background: The present study was performed to investigate the protective effects of propofol against cisplatin-induced pulmonary toxicity in rats. Methods: A total of 20 male Wistar rats weighing 180-250 g were divided into four groups of control, the cisplatin-intoxicated group intraperitoneally (IP) injected with cisplatin (7 mg/kg/d for a week), the propofol group (10 mg/kg/d, IP), and the protected group receiving propofol (10 mg/kg/d, IP) poisoned by cisplatin. Then, the biomarkers of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) activity, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured in homogeneous lung tissues. Results: The data revealed the evidence of oxidative stress in the lung tissue of cisplatin-intoxicated rats as indicated by an increase in the level of LPO compared with propofol and protected groups (P<0.05). Moreover, TAC decreased in the cisplatin group while it increased in the propofol group compared to cisplatin and protected groups (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups regarding CAT (P>0.05). Protection with propofol ameliorated the oxidative stress induced by cisplatin in the lung tissue because of the reduction of LPO. Conclusion: According to these results, it seems that propofol provides a remarkable protection against cisplatin-induced oxidative pulmonary damage mediated by its antioxidant properties.
Nephrotoxicity of Albendazole and Albendazole-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Mice with Experimental Hydatidosis
Authors: Kohansal Kobra , Rafiei Abdollah , Kalantari Heibatullah , Jelowdar Ali , Salimi Anayatollah , Rezaie Annahita , Razi Jalali Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Purposes: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a serious contemporary public health problem. Different CE treatment methods are of considerable importance, with albendazole (ABZ) being one of the most preferred drugs for CE treatment and prophylaxis. In this study, we evaluated the nephrotoxicity caused by ABZ and ABZ-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in mice with experimental hydatid cyst. Methods: ABZ-loaded SLNs were produced by micro-emulsification and a high shear homogenization technique. Thereafter, we evaluated the physicochemical characterization of the product. Live protoscolices were injected into mice to induce experimental hydatidosis. Mice were then treated with ABZ and ABZ-loaded SLNs. The nephrotoxicity effects were evaluated by biochemical and histopathological surveys. Results: Significantly different blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were observed between the two infected groups (ABZ treatment and ABZ-loaded SLN treatment) and the control group. The kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels of the infected groups were not significantly different from those of the control group. The histopathological study revealed nephropathic and pathologic changes in the ABZ and ABZ-loaded SLN groups. Conclusion: ABZ formulated for ABZ-loaded SLNs had a more prominent chemoprophylactic efﬁcacy on CE and fewer side effects than ABZ alone. Neither ABZ nor ABZ-loaded SLNs caused significant biochemical and histopathological defects on the kidney, and all functional biochemical markers stayed within the normal range. Therefore, ABZ-loaded SLNs could be a potential new product for CE treatment.
Recent Advances of Macromolecular Hydrogels for Enzyme Immobilization in the Food Products
Authors: Yavari Maroufi Leila , Rashidi Mohsen , Tabibiazar Mahnaz , Mohammadi Maryam , Pezeshki Akram , Ghorbani Marjan
Published: September 2021

Enzymes are one of the main biocatalysts with various applications in the food industry. Stabilization of enzymes on insoluble carriers is important due to the low reuse, low operational stability, and high cost in applications. The immobility and the type of carrier affect the activity of the immobile enzyme. Hydrogels are three-dimensionally cross-linked macromolecular network structures designed from various polymers. Hydrogels can provide a matrix for an immobile enzyme due to their extraordinary properties such as high water absorbing capacity, carrier of bioactive substances and enzymes, biocompatibility, safety, and biodegradability. Therefore, this study mainly focuses on some enzymes (Lactase, Lipases, Amylases, Pectinase, Protease, Glucose oxidase) that are of special importance in the food industry. These enzymes could be immobilized in the hydrogels constructed of macromolecules such as kappa-carrageenan, chitosan, arabic gum, pectin, alginate, and cellulose. At last, in the preparation of these hydrogels, different enzyme immobilization methods in macromolecular hydrogels, and effect of hydrogels on enzyme activity were discussed.
Chemotherapeutic Resistance Genes of Breast Cancer Patients – An Overview
Authors: Ajith Anagha Kollamparambil , Subramani Sasikala , Manickam Agaath Hedina , Ramasamy Sivasamy
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Cancer is the leading challenge to human health since the dawn of early Egyptian manuscripts, where they found tumour from fossils in the modernized twentieth century. Increasing rate of incidence and death from cancer in the past few years is thought provoking. Among all type of cancers, breast cancer is very common among women and diverse in character. Drug resistance is the challenging aspect for traditional chemotherapy. Methods: Data was collected from online platform without any time restriction. After screening and evaluation, 66 articles were considered for this study. This review is a summarized collection of information from published studies on human genes associated with drug resistance in breast cancer treatment. Results: Analysis of these findings highlights the importance of MAP kinase and ABC gene families in creating resistance barriers. Genes involved in cell cycle alteration, apoptosis, and hippo pathway were also linked with drug resistance particularly in breast cancer. Conclusion: The exact mechanism of chemotherapy resistance is still unresolved and unexplained the drug resistance seen in breast cancer patients were multifactorial. Drug induced up regulation or down regulation of genes contributes unusual protein expression and ultimately leads to resistance. The ultimate focus of this review is to identify the genes having pivotal role in chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer.
Preparation and Cytotoxic Evaluation of PGV-1 Derivative, CCA-1.1, as a New Curcumin Analog with Improved-Physicochemical and Pharmacological Properties
Authors: Utomo Rohmad Yudi , Wulandari Febri , Novitasari Dhania , Lestari Beni , Susidarti Ratna Asmah , Jenie Riris Istighfari , Kato Jun-ya , Sardjiman Sardjiman , Meiyanto Edy
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to challenge the anticancer potency of pentagamavunone-1 (PGV-1) and obtain a new compound (Chemoprevention-Curcumin Analog 1.1, CCA-1.1) withimproved chemical and pharmacological properties.Methods: CCA-1.1 was prepared by changing the ketone group of PGV-1 into a hydroxylgroup with NaBH4 as the reducing agent. The product was purified under preparative layerchromatography and confirmed with HPLC to show about 93% purity. It was tested for itssolubility, stability, and cytotoxic activities on several cancer cells. The structure of the productwas characterized using 1HNMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, and HR-mass spectroscopy.Results: Molecular docking analysis showed that CCA-1.1 performed similar or better interactionto NF-κB pathway-related signaling proteins (HER2, EGFR, IKK, ER-alpha, and ER-beta) andreactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic enzymes (NQO1, NQO2, GSTP1, AKC1R1, andGLO1) compared with PGV-1, indicating that CCA-1.1 exhibits the same or better anticanceractivity than PGV-1. CCA-1.1 also showed better solubility and stability than PGV-1 in aqueoussolution at pH 1.0–7.4 under light exposure at room temperature. The cytotoxic activities ofCCA-1.1 against several (10) cancer cell lines revealed the same or better potency than PGV-1.Conclusion: In conclusion, CCA-1.1 performs better chemical and anticancer properties thanPGV-1 and shows promise as an anticancer agent with high selectivity.
Evaluation of Estrogen Receptor-α Gene (T/C) Polymorphism in Patients With Leiomyoma Compared to Healthy Individuals
Authors: Hoseini Hosnie , Sarani Azade , Sarabandi Afsane , Kerman Saravi Masoud
Published: September 2021

Background: Leiomyoma as one of the most prevalent tumors in women occurs at the same time of reproductive age and its causes are still unknown. Hormone therapy is one of the common treatments for this disease. Estrogen hormone through its receptor, which is called ER α, plays an effective role in the treatment of leiomyoma. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are effective in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of many diseases and tumors. In this regard, the current study investigated the estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms of ER α in women with leiomyoma in Sistan and Baluchestan province, Zahedan and then compared them with healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: Overall, 150 women with leiomyoma were sampled and their DNA was isolated as well. In addition, 150 samples were taken from healthy individuals as the control group. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and PvuII were used to study gene polymorphisms. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between ER α gene polymorphism and leiomyoma. Conclusion: Accordingly, this gene polymorphism can be considered as a marker for prognosis in leiomyoma in the population of Iranian women in Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan province.
Assessment of Thyroid Cancer Risk After Cervical Computed Tomography: The Impact of Bismuth Shielding
Authors: Ghaznavi Hamid , Momeni Zeinab , Ghaderi Sadegh
Published: September 2021

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is vastly applied in X-ray procedures because of its high quality in detecting the anatomical structures of the body. However, it leads to an increase in patient dose, resulting in carcinogenesis. In the head and neck CT, the thyroid is the most important at-risk organ. The aim of this study was to estimate thyroid cancer risk in cervical CT with and without a bismuth shield. Materials and Methods: After obtaining permission from the authors, data related to the thyroid dose of patients undergoing cervical CT in the study by Santos et al (2019) were used, and then thyroid cancer risk was calculated for different ages at exposure in male and female patients using the biological effects of the ionizing radiation (BEIR) VII model. Results: Using bismuth shielding reduced thyroid dose by 37% and 39% in male and female phantoms, respectively. Thyroid cancer estimation demonstrated that the risk was nearly two-fold in females compared to males. Finally, bismuth shielding reduced 40% of cancer risk, and it decreased in both genders by increasing age at exposure. Conclusion: According to our findings, excess relative risk (ERR) up to 0.06% was associated with cervical CT. Although ERR amounts were low, the effect of radiation on thyroid cancer risk should not be neglected. Accordingly, it is suggested that future trials use bismuth shielding to reduce thyroid cancer risk.
Concentration of cadmium, arsenic, and lead in rice (Oryza sativa) and probabilistic health risk assessment: A case study in Hormozgan province, Iran
Authors: Rezaei Leila , Alipour Vali , Sharafi Parisa , Ghaffari Hamidreza , Nematollahi Amene , Pesarakloo Vida , Fakhri Yadolah
Published: September 2021

Background: The presence of toxic heavy metals in cereal grains like rice is one of the main human and environmental health concerns. Their importance is because of their non-biodegradability nature, high half-time, and bioaccumulation ability in the human body. Among heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) are most critical, so their concentrations in rice were evaluated in this study. Methods: In this study, the concentration of Cd and Pb was determined by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GF-AAS), while the concentration of As was measured by atomic spectrum poll after acid digestion of the milled rice samples. The probabilistic health risk assessment of Cd, As, and Pb through consumption of different types of rice including local rice and two types imported from India (IND) and Pakistan (PAK), was estimated for the adults in Hormozgan province using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique. Results: It was revealed that the concentrations of all Cd, As, and Pb in the local rice samples were lower than those in the PAK and IND samples. The average concentration of As, Pb, and Cd in the rice samples were 0.045, 0.057, and 0.022 mg/kg, respectively. The estimated total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) for this population was lower than 1, representing negligible non-carcinogenic risk through rice consumption. However, total carcinogenic risk (TCR) via As intake showed a considerable carcinogenic risk (TCR > 1E-4) for this population. Conclusion: According to the results, it is necessary to perform continuous monitoring for concentration of Cd, As, and Pb especially in the imported rice samples.