bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The correspondence between Nikola Tesla and Orville Wright kept in the scientist's legacy in the Nikola Tesla museum: On the occasion of the 165th anniversary of the birth of Nikola Tesla
Authors: Stojiljković Bratislav , Ćirić Ivana
Published: December 2021

Nikola Tesla and the Wright brothers, Wilbur and Orville, have worked and created in the United States of America in the period comprising the last two decades of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. All three of them were visionaries and creators of the modern technical age. In the Tesla's legacy, apart from his personal and technical items, press clippings, monographic and serial publications, there are also about 156,000 sheets of archival material which cover his entire life and work, both chronologically and thematically. Among these testimonies there are four original documents (a concept of a condolence letter, a copy of the sent condolence letter, a brief gratitude note and a formal invitation) that were exchanged between Nikola Tesla and probably Orville Wright, between 1912 and 1920. The oldest preserved document of their correspondence is the concept of Tesla's condolence letter to Orville Wright on the occasion of the death of his older brother. Two approved patents for the Wright brothers' aircraft model have been preserved as well, which testifies of the scientist's interest in their work and aviation research in general. Researching the correspondence between Nikola Tesla and Orville Wright, as well as the other documents from the scientist's legacy preserved in the Nikola Tesla Museum in Belgrade, we have tried to highlight the details of his acquaintance with the Wright brothers, that is, a small fragment of his life and work which has remained almost unknown until today. Results of the research, presented in the form of a scientific research paper, contribute to a better understanding of the aviation history and reveal new details from the life stories of our renowned scientist and the two famous aviation pioneers. The publication of exclusive documents from Tesla's legacy is a contribution to the wider scientific community and a new reference point for all the researchers who are to cover similar topics in the future.
The influence of colors in the emotional logo design
Authors: Baltezarević Radoslav , Baltezarević Ivana
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the importance of colors, i.e. their adequate choice when designing the logotype of companies and their products and/or services. Many researches, primarily in the field of psychology, agree that colors can positively or negatively affect the emotions of consumers. Companies often suffer great losses due to inadequate approach to this problem, by not adapting the colors of their logotypes to consumer needs. Colors, logotypes, signs and company name are integral elements of the corporate identity of one company, and as such, they make first contact with consumers. They communicate with them, primarily by influencing their senses, in the first place to the sense of sight. By adequate communication, an emotional relationship is established between the company and the consumer, which is the main precondition for creating emotional connections. The result of such relationships creates a sincere relationship, confidence-building and ultimately long-term consumer loyalty. By neglecting, above all, graphic elements of corporate identity, companies come into a situation not to achieve the recognition and uniqueness of their brands, and thus the chances of surviving, with strong competition on the market, are reduced to a minimum.
Economic effects of the coronavirus pandemic on tourism and hospitality
Authors: Radić Nikola , Radić Vlado , Stevanović Mirjana
Published: December 2021

The coronavirus pandemic has caused unprecedented problems, both economically and organizationally, healthily and socially. Among the most affected industries are tourism and hospitality. The introduction of quarantine, the inability to travel and the restriction of movement, as well as the decline in interest, have led to enormous financial losses for hotels and restaurants around the world, and redundancies. The connection between tourist organizations, carriers and hotels was suddenly severed, so that the entire tourist season in 2020 failed. When you look at the assumptions about the recovery of the tourism industry, it is obvious that the situation is not good, it is even devastating. The multi-year trend of progress and development, which brought in large incomes and employed millions of people around the world, was interrupted. It will not be possible to return to the level from 2019 for at least a year or two, so different scenarios are mentioned, from moderate to pessimistic. In that sense, the biggest loss will be the dismissal of more than 100 million employees in the sector worldwide, as well as the large losses of airlines and carriers. Since the losses are almost irreparable, agencies, hotels, restaurants, airlines and tour operators have sought the help of their governments, in order to overcome the catastrophic situation to some extent. First, assistance was offered to airlines in America and Europe, and later in Asia (South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia). Later, with the apparent extension of the pandemic, governments began to consider the need to provide funds for the financial consolidation of hotels, restaurants and tour operators. That support varies from country to country, from company to company.
Development of the neoliberal economy in Chile from 1973 to 2020
Authors: Petrović Rajko
Published: December 2021

In 1973, the Chilean army led by General Augusto Pinochet, with the support of Chilean right-wing formations and the United States, overthrew the world's first democratically elected leftist regime - the regime of Salvador Allende. In addition to strong political reforms, embodied in the banning of the Communist Party of Chile and the persecution of left-wing dissidents, Pinochet immediately began intensive economic reforms inspired by the neoliberal, the so-called shock therapy that originated at the famous Chicago School. The reforms were aimed at dissolving Chile's short-lived socialist legacy, which was reflected in the country's nationalization of land and natural resources, the improvement of workers and trade unions rights, and an accessible health, education and social system. Nationalized goods have been returned to their owners or redistributed to individuals in general, union work has been limited, and the principles of doing business in the market have been extremely liberalized in order to attract as many foreign investors as possible, usually powerful multinational corporations. An important segment of the reforms was the stabilization of the inflation rate. In this paper, we will follow two waves of reforms - from 1973 to 1990 (when Pinochet was overthrown) and from 1990 to 2019, when there were strong riots on the streets of Chile due to the announced increase in subway transportation prices, and in fact, driven by the overall dissatisfaction of citizens with the end effects of reforms - unequal income redistribution, austerity measures, a large number of extremely poor and expensive public services in the fields of education and health. Despite that, we will also point out the positive effects of the reforms - long-term positive macroeconomic trends, high average salary for Latin American conditions, significant inflow of foreign investments, etc. In this paper, we will use the method of analysis and the case study method.
Challenges of legal regulation of the civil defence system
Authors: Lović Vladimir
Published: December 2021

The security of the Republic of Serbia is considered much more broadly in strategic-doctrinal documents in relation to some earlier periods, in which security was defined primarily through potential military threats. The legal regulation of civil defense in the Republic of Serbia derives from a detailed review of contemporary challenges, risks and threats and contributes to the overall review of the current security situation in the Republic of Serbia, in order to optimally draw conclusions about the possibilities, probabilities, scope and actors of its system. In order for the Republic of Serbia to adequately respond to all doctrinally recognized security challenges, risks and threats, the defense system of the Republic of Serbia is designed to ensure the permanent preparation of the entire defense society. Civil defense in the Republic of Serbia represents a certain "reserve" of a unified defense system, both for the purpose of prevention and for the purpose of eliminating the consequences of war and emergency. In the research we will use methods of analysis, synthesis, hypothetical-deductive method, analysis of document content and comparative method.
Green corridors as a method of accelerating the movement of goods within the CEFTA region during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jelisavac-Trošić Sanja , Mladenović Dejan , Đorđević Saša
Published: December 2021

The paper points out the changes that have occurred in the way of life and business due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and emphasizes the need to include indicators of certain health risks and threats in the modern development of the concept of global security. The current pandemic has endangered life in every country, primarily with a high mortality rate, but also by limiting economic flows. In order to establish the normal flow of critical goods in such extraordinary circumstances, the so-called "Green Corridors" within six CEFTA countries. Priority of passage and short stay at the border for food, medicine and protective equipment, at a number of border crossings during 24 hours, are the main characteristics of the established regime, which quickly manifested its positive effects, primarily in stabilizing the national markets with key resources.
Forfeting as a modern form of financing a company
Authors: Vapa-Tankosić Jelena , Ivaniš Marko , Vukosavljević Dejan
Published: December 2021

Forfeiting technique includes the purchase of outstanding long-term foreign trade receivables that meet certain conditions in terms of maturity and type. In that way, the company has the opportunity to sell to a commercial bank or some other specialized financial body for forfeiting its foreign trade claim, which is not burdened by the possibility of recourse claims of other persons against the buyer of the claim, which is provided by some collateral. Through the forfeiting transaction, the company eliminates possible losses due to illiquidity, risks of rising interest rates in the future, risks based on fluctuating exchange rates, risk based on changes in creditworthiness and financial position of debtors, eliminates administrative problems and associated costs of debt collection. This paper aims to point out the process of applying the forfeiting technique and the discount rate mechanisms depending on the risk, repayment period, currency and the amount of the transaction itself.
Challenges and directions of developing business communication on the global market
Authors: Rakić Slobodan , Adamović Vladimir , Špiler Marko
Published: December 2021

Experts who deal with the essence of communication businesses in the theoretical and practical sense, point out the fact that the process of business communication, at the beginning of the third millennium, conceptually and substantively, has changed greatly. These changes are of a technological nature, but also have a specific political, economic, social, cultural, psychological and any other relevant definition. This paper points to a paradigm shift in the application of information and communication technologies, which is happening due to explosion of technology in society and the impact of globalization on modern business communication. Recomposing the worldview and applying new methods and content is necessary to obtain the relevant effects of business communication. The business world challenges us to use business communication by applying information and communication technologies in the way of the 21st century, not so much in the use of technology, but in the attitudes that shape its use.
Professional status of managers from the aspect of socio-demographic characteristics
Authors: Paspalj Dušanka , Brzaković Pavle
Published: December 2021

In modern business conditions, growth and development of an organization depends on the ability of its managers to adequately coordinate the activities of employees. Managers are required to systematically and permanently improve and develop their own knowledge, abilities and skills in accordance with the dynamic changes of the global organizational environment. All this is reflected on their status in the organization. The aim of this paper is to investigate the interdependence and connection between socio-demographic characteristics of managers and professional status. Data collection was performed by an anonymous survey on a sample of 110 managers of different hierarchical levels. Descriptive statistics and factor analysis were used in data analysis. The obtained results showed that practical experience and family situation are the dominant socio-demographic factors. Only those employees who establish a balance between professional and family life, can fully dedicate themselves to the work they do and thus contribute to the improvement of business.
Modeling of tillage operation parameters for draft and power requirement for three tillage implements in a loamy soil
Authors: Okoko Paul , Ajav Emmanuel
Published: December 2021

Tillage is the basic operation in agriculture and its energy requirements represent a considerable portion of the energy utilized in crop production. The trials were achieved using five tractor speeds (3.6, 5.4, 7.2, 9.0 and 10.8 km/hr) and five tillage depths (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 cm) to determine implement speed at different tillage depths for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow on loamy soil. The design of the experiment used were two factors, five levels factorial of Central Composite Rotatable Design of Response Surface Method. Selected models were analyzed using ANOVA at ao. 05 and also validated. The high values of the coefficient of determination for all the selected models and the reasonable agreement between the predicted and actual values of draft and power requirement for all the tested implements show that the generated model equations can be used for predictive purposes for draft and power requirement.
Effect of solar drying on proximate composition of two varieties of ginger rhizomes for blanched and unblanched treatments
Authors: Umunna Muofunanya , Kayode Joshua
Published: December 2021

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) of two verities UG I ('Tafin-Giwa', a yellowish variety with plump rhizomes) and UG II ('Yatsun-Biri', a black or dark variety with small compact rhizomes), were analysed to identify its proximate composition. The effects of drying as a processing technique on ginger were investigated with respect to the proximate composition of the produce. The UG I and UG II were collected, sorted (whole, peeled and unpeeled) and (slice, peeled and unpeeled), and were subjected to Unblanched and Blanched (50℃ at 3,6 and 9 min respectively) treatments and dried using solar dryer for a period of one month. The initial moisture content of UG I and UG II were 71.12% and 72.47% respectively, the final moisture content were reduced to 7.02% SUP (Unblanched) and 5.52% SUP (Blanched at 9 min) for UG I, while that of UG II were 4.82% SP (Unblanched) and 5.85% WUP (Blanched at 3 min). For Carbohydrate content, 61.38% was noted to be the lowest level at Unblanched (Whole peeled), and 68.37% indicates higher CHO content at Blanched 50℃ at 9 min (Split Unpeeled) treatments for UG I samples. Similarly, for UG II, CHO's presence was low at 56.01% for Unblanched (Whole peeled) and high at 76.32% for Blanched on the temperature of 50°C at 9 min (Whole peeled) treatment. Ash content was observed to be low at 4.68% for Blanched 50℃ at 3 min (Split Unpeeled) and high at 6.47% for Unblanched (Whole peeled) treatment for UG I samples, and 3.82% low for Blanched on the temperature of 50°C at 9 min (Split peeled) with higher ash content of 7.69% Unblanched (Split Unpeeled) treatment for UG II samples.
Human health risk assessment of industry impact in Kikinda industry zone
Authors: Milošević Rade , Mrazovac-Kurilić Sanja
Published: December 2021

In industrial zones such as the municipality of Kikinda (presented in this manuscript) it is necessary to monitor environmental pollution and take measures to protect the environment from the effects of harmful polluting and toxic substances (especially from heavy metals). The risk assessment model developed by the US EPA was used to assess the health risks posed by emissions of heavy metals in the air in Kikinda industry zone. It can be concluded that no increased level of risk was identified from heavy metals content in the air from industry systems in the area of the industrial zone in Kikinda, however, it is necessary to apply preventive measures in order to reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in the environment due to activities that are constant in that area.
Estimation of the energy potential for thermal treatment of municipal solid waste on the territory of the City of Leskovac for 2020
Authors: Nešić Bratimir , Malenović-Nikolić Jelena , Jovković Srđan
Published: December 2021

In addition to material recycling, municipal solid waste (MSW) can be treated with so-called, energy recycling or thermal treatment. The basic conditions that need to be met for this are that MSW can justifiably not be treated with priority material recycling and should have a certain acceptable energy potential for thermal treatment. The paper presents the morphological composition of MSW, generated amount on the territory of the City of Leskovac for 2020, with emphasis on the calculation of the energy potential of MSW, on the basis of which a decision should be made whether material or energy recycling (thermal treatment) will be applied.
Quality of life of patients with breast cancer
Authors: Kuljić Miljana , Ljubomirac Jelena , Radović Miloš
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Quality of life represents the overall satisfaction or dissatisfaction with one's own life. Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women in Europe, North America and other Western countries, while its incidence is constantly increasing. Aim: The main aim of the study was to examine the quality of life of patients with breast cancer at the University Hospital Foča and the General Hospital Trebinje. Material and methods: The research was conducted on a sample of 120 patients in the University Hospital Foča and the General Hospital Trebinje from May to August 2019. The chosen study design is the cross-sectional study. A general questionnaire on the basic sociodemographic indicators of the respondents, a modified Short Questionnaire on Health Perception (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire), a questionnaire on the quality of life SF-36v2 (Short form SF 36 ver 2) and the Beck Depression Scale (BDI) were used in the research. Results: The average value, of the maximum possible 100 points, by which patients assessed their physical component of quality of life is 55.3 points, of which physical functioning was assessed with 52.7 points, limitation due to physical health with 60.5 points, physical pain with 45.3 points and general health with 56.8 points. Beck's depression scale found that the largest number of patients with breast cancer do not have depression, 96 of them (80%), 21 patients (17.5%) have a mild form of depression, 2 patients (1.7%) have moderate depression, while only 1 patient (0,8%) has a severe form of depression. Conclusion: Patients with breast cancer had average values in the domain of the physical and mental component of quality of life. It has been determined that the majority of patients do not have depression.
Assessment of the effects of energy drinks on the cardiovascular system among students of the medical science
Authors: Trkulja Jovana , Tomić Slobodan , Tomić Sanja , Malenković Goran
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Energy potion is non-alcoholic drink, which is mostly used by young people to achieve wanted effects. But, these drinks can cause unwanted effects as well, such as cardiovascular disorder, CNS disorder and gastro-interstinal system disorder. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of consumption of energy drinks and the knowledge of medical students regarding possible side effects, as well as to determine the acute effects after consuming energy drinks on arterial blood pressure, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, pulse and respiration. Material and methods: This study was conducted as an analytical, observational cross-sectional study at the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad. The Questionnaire on the level of knowledge and experience about the desired and unwanted effects of energy drinks was used as a research instrument. Results: Students consume energy drinks (80%) and have knowledge of possible side effects (88%). After consuming the energy drink, the differences between the average values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin oxygen saturation and respiration rate were determined. Conclusion: The results of the study show that most students, although they have knowledge about side effects, still consume energy drinks. Changes in cardiorespiratory function after consuming an energy drink were most pronounced in the values of arterial blood pressure.
Ethics and sports, ethics in sports, sports ethics: Aspects of consideration of different authors
Authors: Milanović Ljubica , Ranđelović Nebojša , Živković Danijela , Savić Zvezdan
Published: December 2021

Ethics issues are an issue today wherever there is competition for profit. Contemporary registered sport is a social activity and is, therefore, one of the spheres in which the above-mentioned phenomenon is present. Sports ethics as a term in everyday life is understood as the unwritten rules of behavior of people in sports, and in this sense, it starts from the assumption of fair relations in all spheres of sports. Honesty is one of the basic human values, a characteristic that reflects righteousness, principality, loyalty to commitments, honesty. The opposite of this is lies, deceit, hypocrisy. Maintaining ethical rules (norms) enhances the moral influence of sport and the responsibility of all participants in the sport for their behavior and, thanks to the immense attractiveness of sport for the youth, it contributes to improving the moral climate among the youth. Practical research and theoretical work on the conditionality and connection between ethics and sport exist, but they are scarce to some degree. The paper deals with the phenomenon of sport and its connection with ethics, considering theoretical, research and professional papers, and outlining the essence of individual papers that are important for the study of this issue. They deal with the connection between ethics and sport in a certain way.
Sports photography and its artistic dimensionality
Authors: Stamenković Miloš
Published: December 2021

Sports photography is a powerful visual tool that can be used to promote sports, athletes and recreational physical activities. Her main role is to present sport as an art. In that respect, good sports photography also implies the recorded moment of the athlete in a specific movement position, which is unusual and which cannot be seen on television. When it comes to the promotion of professional sports, sports photography occupies a significant place in the sports press and sports magazines. On the other hand, sports photography also promotes recreational sports, which is intended for all those who want to do sports for themselves and their own health. Sports photography has the power to present important sports and recreational events to readers in a simple way, without large and dry texts. Good sports photography refers to the composition, angle, light, dynamics and color contrast, i.e. the relationship between warm and cold tones. Also, sports photography depends on good photographic equipment, knowledge and experience of a sport photojournalist. Sports photojournalists always try to present quality and interesting sports photographs in the most professional and high-quality way, which in an artristic way convey ''visual information'' of sports events to loyal readers and sports fans. It is very important to understand that sports photography is not only sports, but also artistic. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present sports photography and its artistic dimension.
Efficacy of some insecticides for control of oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata Say)
Authors: Drekić Milan , Poljaković-Pajnik Leopold , Milović Marina , Kovačević Branislav , Pilipović Andrej , Pap Predrag
Published: December 2021

The oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata Say) was introduced to Europe from North America in 2000 and was first recorded in Serbia in 2013. It is a very serious oak pest which has harmful effect in both adult and nymph stages of the insect that feeds by sucking the sap on the lower (abaxial) leaf side. As this is a relatively new pest in our country, the possibility of its control by applying insecticides was tested during 2021. The paper presents the test results of three insecticidal active substances: deltamethrin, flonicamid and acetamiprid for the control of oak lace bugs. The insecticide flonicamid did not show sufficient efficacy in the suppression of the oak lace bug, while deltamethrin and acetamiprid have high efficiency for the suppression of the adults and nymphs of the oak lace bug, which recommended them for this purpose.
Characterisation of biocompatible layers of ZrO28%Y2O used in combination with other ceramics to modify the surface of implants
Authors: Mrdak Mihailo , Lačnjevac Časlav , Rakin Marko , Janaćković Đorđe , Veljić Darko , Bajić Darko
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to deposit multi-functional ZrO28%Y2O3 coating layers using the plasma spray technology and then to characterise such layers. In combination with other biomedical ceramics, this coating is intended for the application in implant surface modification. The examination was focused on the mechanical properties and microstructure layers . Using the atmospheric plasma spraying, duplex ZrO28%Y2O3/Ni22Cr10Al1Y coating system was deposited on the X15Cr13 stainless steel, with two different thicknesses of the bond and ceramic coatings. The microstructure was analysed using an optical microscope, including the assessment of the content of micropores. The morphology of powder particles and ceramic coating surfaces were examined on a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The quality of the ZrO28%Y2O3 layers makes them suitable for the application and combination with other materials to create a system of biomedical or multifunctional coatings.
Inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in well water by an aqueous extract of soapnut (Sapindus Trifoliatus)
Authors: Praveena Josephath , Clara Jeyaraj , Rajendran Susai , Amalraj Antony
Published: December 2021

Inhibition efficiency of an aqueous extract of soapnut (Sapindus Trifoliatus) and Zn2+in controlling corrosion of mild steel in well water at room temperature has been evaluated by using weight loss method, polarization study and AC impedance spectra. Dynamic light scattering and Vickers hardness have also been employed. Weight loss method reveals that the formulation consisting of 10 ml soapnut extract and 50 ppm Zn2+ has 97 % inhibition efficiency in controlling corrosion of mild steel immersed in well water. Synergism parameters suggest that a synergistic effect exists between soapnut extract and Zn2+. Adsorption isotherm of metal surface obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Polarization study reveals that the inhibitor system functions as anodic type of inhibitor. AC impedance spectra confirm the protective film formed on the metal surface. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) study reveals surface is in nano meter scale. The Vickers hardness of metal surface was increases in inhibitor system.
Synthesis of two supramolecular coordination polymers and electrochemical evaluation of their corrosion inhibition performance on corrosion of carbon steel in acidic medium
Authors: Abd El-Aziz , Etaiw Safaa , El-Waseef Essam
Published: December 2021

The effect of the SCPs-[CuII(en)2] [CuI (CN)2]2. H2O] (SCP1) and {[H2DAB] [Cu4(CN)6].2H2O} (SCP2) as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel (CS) was studied in 1.0M HCl solution. As the synthesized inhibitor dose increases, the inhibition productivity (%e) increases reaching to 90.3% and 89.9% at 21x10-6M dose for SCP2 and SCP1, respectively. This result evidenced by mass loss (ML) investigated at three different temperatures 25-35-45oC, while potentiodynamic polarization (PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and electrochemical frequency modulation technique (EFM) were tested at 25°C. The synthesized inhibitors adsorbed on the CS surface physically allowing Henry isotherm. The results displayed that the synthesized inhibitors are excellent and their (%e) was significantly increased by raising the dose and decreased by raising the temperature. Polarization curves revealed that the synthesized inhibitors act as mixed type. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed. The protection was confirmed by the creation of the thin film of inhibitors precipitated on the surface of CS.
Modified supersulfated cements
Authors: Dvorkin Leonid , Nihaeva Lyudmila
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the possibility of obtaining modified supersulfate cements (SSC) with improved physical and mechanical properties on lowalumina blast-furnace granular slags. It has been shown in comparative experimental tests of the effect of admixtures of various sulfate activators that the highest strength of cements is achieved when using a phosphogypsum neutralized with lime. An additional activating effect has been established for supersulfated cements with the introduction of admixtures fluorides and, in particular, fluorides of magnesium, calcium and sodium silicofluoride. The additional introduction of hardening accelerators and their compositions with a superplasticizer into the SSC composition makes it possible to increase the compressive strength of cements at 28 days of age up to 60-65 MPa while achieving high strength at an early age. Along with standard tests, experiments were performed using mathematical planning with obtaining adequate regression equations.
National identity in the textbooks of English as a foreign language
Authors: Vasilijević Danijela , Semiz Marina , Adžić Branka
Published: December 2021

Starting from the argument that foreign language teaching represents a suitable context for introducing national symbols of different countries, but also the learners' own country, the role of textbooks of English as a foreign language in development and empowering the national identity of students in lower primary school was examined. With regards to different conceptualisations the national identity was operationalised in 11 categories: religion, customs and tradition, national feelings, language, symbols and features, solidarity and togetherness, cultural heritage, important people, geography terms, family and general information. The research was performed through the method of theoretic analysis and the method of content analysis. The units of analysis are: a) sentences of basic text in textbooks, b) sentences of additional information content, and c) image content. The research included English language textbooks for lower primary school licensed in the Republic of Serbia (N=12). Research results indicated that textbooks generally do not contribute to forming and empowering of national identity of students in lower primary school, especially with regards to categories: national feelings, historic subjects, language, family, solidarity, and togetherness.
Scientific views of Milorad Ekmečić according to the origins of Načertanije: His goals and interpretations
Authors: Aleksić Jovan
Published: December 2021

Researching for the needs of the doctoral dissertation on the topic "Life and Work of Milorad Ekmečić (1928-2015)", we noticed that this distinguished Yugoslavian and Serbian historian, in one period of his career, had shown special interest in search for the true creator of "Načertanije" - unofficial foreign policy program of the Principality of Serbia. Starting from the principle that in historical science nothing is explored to the end, he tackled the issue with almost axiomatic claim that Ilija Garašanin is the author of this writing. Thanks to decades of research experience, extraordinary erudition and a good command of archive material and relevant literature he managed to perform critical scrutiny. He discovered data that shed a whole new light on the background of this document. He wrote about its historical meaning and goals, but also about different interpretations of the essence of "Načertanije", which once had a non-scientific character. He thus gave another original contribution to our historiography.
Processing of word formation in primary school on the example of individual lexemes in the poetry of Milosav Tesic
Authors: Raković Marija
Published: December 2021

The subject of the paper is a methodical approach to word formation in primary school on the example of Milosav Tesic's poetry. The aim is to determine the models of formation of lexemes marked with the label individually and to give methodical recommendations for the incorporation of the analyzed models of formation in the teaching process. The creative analysis includes lexemes that represent: (1) the individual work of the poet and (2) standard language lexemes to which the poet gave a new meaning, not recorded in the RMS. The corpus was made on the basis of an insight into the anthological collection entitled U tesnom skpopu, as well as on the basis of critical texts by A. Petrovic. The creative analysis came to the conclusion that the largest number of individualisms was created by agreement, and the most numerous products are semi-complex, so these models can be examples to show these models of creation in primary school. A brief review of the work is given in order to show the poet's treatment of the mother tongue with special attention with the constant creation of new words which re-creates and renews his poetry, as well as to justify in some way the suitability of the topic for creative and semantic research. Serbian, and thus as interesting and easy to remember examples of word formation in primary school. Based on the conducted analysis, pedagogical implications for teaching practice will be given, which concern: (1) the possibility of processing word formation models in primary school and (2) examples of tasks for practicing the acquired knowledge.
Humor competence in English as a second or foreign language
Authors: Petkova Maria
Published: December 2021

Developing humor competence in a second or foreign language is difficult, but it is very important for successful intercultural communication. The nature of humor and its sociocultural functions make humor competence one of the last hurdles even advanced language learners often struggle to overcome. Since types of humor and attitudes towards joking are different in different cultures and humor comprehension requires a complex combination of linguistic and cultural knowledge, second or foreign language teachers need to help their students with this often-neglected area of pragmatics. In social, academic, and professional settings, humor can relieve tension, exert social control, and enhance social cohesion, delineating who belongs or does not belong in a particular group. As humor can function both as a cultural divide and a unifying factor, the time has come to include some type of humor competency training in second or foreign language education. Based on humor research and research in teaching English as a second or foreign language, more and more educators are beginning to experiment with, document, and evaluate the results of various strategies and approaches to teaching with and about humor in English.
El narrador del Carmen Paschale en el relato de la muerte y resurrección de Jesús.
Authors: Hernández Mayor Mª Dolores
Published: December 2021

In the Paschale Carmen the storyteller’s irruptions are frequent from the beginning of the book first, as shown in the metric prologue and in abundant loci of programmatic sense. The interventions of the narrator’s voice take on a different tone in the last book, dedicated to the Passion and Resurrection of Jesus. It’s shows that the program of the entire poem reaches its culmination in the faithful defense that the devout narrator makes of Christian doctrine against the lack of faith of the Jewish people. In this work we analyze some moments of the fifth book of Paschale Carmen in which this dogmatic intention of the narrator is evident, apart from his role as narrator of the miracles.

En el Carmen Paschale las irrupciones del narrador son frecuentes desde el inicio del libro primero, como se demuestra en el prólogo métrico y en abundantes loci de sentido programático. Las intervenciones de la voz del narrador cobran un tono diferente en el último libro, dedicado a la Pasión y Resurrección de Jesús. En él se comprueba que el programa de todo el poema alcanza su culminación en la fiel defensa que el devoto narrador realiza de la doctrina cristiana frente a la falta de fe del pueblo judío. En este trabajo se analizan algunos momentos del libro quinto del Carmen Paschale en los que queda patente esa intención dogmática del narrador, al margen de su papel como relator de milagros.
The role of locality and place-specific development paths in creating smart cities: The example of middle-sized Hungarian cities
Authors: Szalai Ádám , Fabula Szabolcs
Published: December 2021

Smart cities have spawned a global discourse, which is, however, dominated by notions and theories originating from major metropolis regions in the Global North/West, as well as by quantitative approaches. Drawing on case studies from Hungary, this paper aims to reveal how place-specific factors influence smart-city development and to discover the characteristics of this development in the Hungarian context. For this purpose, qualitative research methods, namely a content analysis of policy documents and semi-structured expert interviews, were used. Based on the results, we distinguished four development paths: representative, stalled, organizational model, and focused smart city. Findings broaden the general understanding of smart-city development, providing policy recommendations for the future adaptation of the concept.
Polish shopping malls attractiveness in the opinion of young consumers: Structural modelling (SEM)
Authors: Szymańska Anna Irena , Płaziak Monika
Published: December 2021

The main goal of this paper is the discussion of key factors that determine the underlying motivation of certain kinds of young consumer behavior in terms of selection of shopping malls as places of shopping for goods and services. The identification was based on an available literature and on a verification of the power of influence of selected determinants on the underlying motivation of consumer behavior. A theoretical model is proposed, which has been subjected to a verification process using structural modeling (SEM). The authors observed significant relationships between principal factors such as personal factors, mall environment, situational factors, and mall visiting among young consumers. Furthermore, in the opinions expressed by young shoppers, the mall environment and situational factors were significantly higher rated than personal factors. In addition, the authors found that the young shoppers’ personal factors section needs improvement.
Travel preferences of Finnish cross-border tourists: Opportunities and limitations for Russian Karelia
Authors: Kondrateva Svetlana V. , Shlapeko Ekaterina A.
Published: December 2021

The study aims to examine travel preferences of Finnish cross-border tourists with special reference to the Republic of Karelia, Russia. Data were collected using paper-based and online surveys from 300 respondents travelling from Finland to the Russian Karelia. Although cross-border tourists are a significant part in the inbound tourist flow to Russian Karelia, several obstacles for this type of tourism have been revealed. Measures to stimulate Finnish tourists to travel to Russian Karelia are suggested. The results of this study can be used to improve Karelian tourist products by providing services as expected by tourists. The findings are limited to visitors of Russian Karelia and should therefore be interpreted with caution.
The perception of Bihor mountain tourist destination, Romania
Authors: Herman Grigore Vasile , Banto Norbert , Ciaciora Tudor , Ungureanu Mihaela , Furdui Sorin , Garai Lavinia Daiana , Grama Vasile
Published: December 2021

Tourism represents one of the economic sectors with major implications in the sustainable development of the mountain areas. The tourists’ perception regarding the image of the tourist destinations is a key requirement that all the stakeholders in tourism have to take into account, due to its major role in shaping and directing the tourist flows and in the development of local communities, by extension. In terms of methodology, the questionnaire method was used in this study, with a face-to-face implementation technique. Among others, the questionnaire had targeted the degree of knowledge concerning Bihor Mountain destination, the tourist consumer habits and the tourists’ perception related to the quality-price ratio because of tourist consumption. The results show that most of the respondents have stated that they have not visited Bihor Mountain Tourist Destination for the first time, coming back here even several times a year because of its multiple tourist attractions and the extremely convenient quality-price ratio. All these show a positive perception of the majority of tourists regarding the visited destination, being materialised in an increased flow of visitors and the beneficial effects on the local economy and the preservation of the mountain areas.
The Chinese minority in Bucharest: A case study of Chinese children raised and cared for by Romanian nannies
Authors: Mocanu Irena , Săgeată Radu , Damian Nicoleta , Mitrică Bianca , Persu Mihaela
Published: December 2021

Since 1990, many Chinese immigrants have come to Romania. These Chinese persons are full time involved in the profitable wholesale and retail trade activities; they have families and children, cared for by Romanian nannies. The study is focused on the particularities of an intercultural dialogue, unique and recenlty highlighted in the Romanian society: between the Romanian nannies and Chinese children, located in a representative urban area for the Chinese minority. The aim of paper is to analyses how two cultures have interacted for the purpose of child care, focusing on the ways in which the life, experiences, attitudes and opportunities of Chinese children are socially and spatially shaped, influenced and structured by cultural features of the Romanian nannies.
Antibiotic use in nasal bone fracture: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Jung Ji Hyuk , Jeon Yeo Reum , Song Joon Ho , Chung Seum
Published: December 2021

Background: Prophylactic antibiotics are used to prevent surgical wound infection; however, proper indications must be followed with careful consideration of the risks and benefits, especially in clean or clean-contaminated wounds. Nasal bone fractures are the most common type of facial bone fracture. The most common method for treating nasal bone fracture is closed reduction, which is performed inside the nasal cavity without an incision. The purpose of this study was to determine the need for antibiotic use in the closed reduction of nasal bone fractures.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using data from the National Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital of the Republic of Korea between 2016 and 2018. The records of patients who underwent closed reduction of nasal bone fracture were reviewed and classified according to sex, age, comorbidities, perioperative antibiotic usage, postoperative complications, nasal packing, anesthesia type, surgeon’s specialty, and operation time.Results: Among the 373 patients studied, the antibiotic prescription rate was 67.3%. Just 0.8% of patients were prescribed preoperative antibiotics only, 44.0% were prescribed postoperative antibiotics only, and 22.5% were prescribed both preoperative and postoperative antibiotics. There were no cases that satisfied the definition of “surgical site infection.” Furthermore, 2.1% of infection-related complications (e.g., mucosal swelling, synechia, and anosmia) occurred only in the antibiotic usage group. The use of nasal packing, anesthesia type, and surgeon’s specialty did not show any difference in infection-related complication rates.Conclusion: According to the study findings, the routine use of perioperative antibiotics is not recommended in uncomplicated nasal bone fracture surgery.
Sağkalım ve Güvenilirlik Analizlerinde Yeni Bir Olasılık Dağılımı
Authors: ÇAKMAKYAPAN Selen , ÖZEL Gamze
Published: December 2021

Sağkalım ve güvenilirlik analizleri; bir makinenin, malzemenin ya da bir canlının “ömrünü sürdürme ihtimali” ve “bu ömrün sonlanmasına kadar geçen süre” ile ilgilenilir. Bu analizlerde, verinin en iyi şekilde temsil edilebilmesi için veriyi modelleyecek olasılık dağılımının brlirlenmesi çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, bu alanda kullanılabilecek yeni bir olasılık dağılımı tanımlanmış ve bu dağılıma ilişkin istatistiksel özellikler elde edilmiştir. Uygulama iki farklı, gerçek güvenilirlik veri seti üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve bu verileri modellemede daha önce kullanılmış olasılık dağılımları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Önerilen dağılımın veriyi diğer dağılımlardan çok daha iyi modellediği gösterilmiştir.
Thermoacoustic imaging based on noise suppression of multi-channel amplifier and additive circuit
Authors: Tang Yong-Hui , Zheng Zhu , Xie Shi-Meng , Huang Lin , Jiang Hua-Bei ,   School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China,   Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Florida 33612, USA
Published: December 2021

Thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) is an emerging biomedical imaging method in which microwave is used as an excitation source to generate acoustic signals. The TAI possesses the advantages of high contrast of microwave imaging and high resolution of ultrasound imaging, which is also noninvasive. While the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of TAI is often very low. It is usually required by averaging the thermoacoustic signal many times to improve the SNR. However, averaging the signal to improve the SNR can significantly reduce the TAI’s time resolution, which hinders the development of rapid TAI. Here in this paper, we propose to reduce the cost and improve the time resolution of TAI based on multi-channel amplifier and additive circuit. The received thermoacoustic signals are divided into 4 channels and then entered into 4 amplifiers simultaneously.

After being amplified, the signals are added and collected by the data acquisition system for reconstructing the image. The phantom results indicate that the time resolution of TAI increases 5 times and the SNR rises from 6 dB to 12 dB, with the multi-channel amplifier and additive circuit adopted. The method proposed in this paper is helpful in promoting the development and clinical application of TAI, especially it has a great significance for developing the ultra-fast TAI.