bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the issue of forming the properties of restoration compositions based on air and hydraulic binders
Authors: Bataeva P. D. , Alarhanova Z. Z. , Bataeva Kh. M. , Bataev A. D.
Published: January 2025

Objective. This study provides a review of organic additives, organic and inorganic binders, including air and hydraulic lime binders. Heat and mass transfer in the processes of decarbonization and carbonization of air and hydraulic lime binders and repair and restoration compositions based on them is considered, knowledge of which is necessary for the design of equipment and technological processes for the production of mineral binders, as well as technologies and compositions for repair and restoration work. Method. The dissociation and decarbonization reactions are given as reversible reactions, the decomposition front, the boundaries of limestone decomposition, the dissociation time and the dissociation reaction rate are calculated. To obtain complete information on mass transfer during the decarbonization of limestone, heat transfer is also taken into account, which complicates the task due to the nonisothermal temperature field, which affects the difference in the rates of the decarbonization reaction. Result. The solution of the problem, carried out by Held and Ivanov, and the Fourier differential equation of thermal conductivity are given. The types of lime hardening are considered: carbonate, hydrate and hydrosilicate. Carbonate hardening of lime is presented as a hardening process that takes a long time. The mechanism of carbonate hardening has been studied. The dependence of carbonization intensity on water content and humidity was revealed. Conclusion. The scientific and practical value of a new scientific direction has been established: “Research of air and hydraulic lime binders and the development of repair and restoration compositions based on them.” As a result of the research, new compositions have been developed for the repair, restoration and restoration of historical and cultural monuments that meet the repair and restoration requirements.
Comparative analysis of water-ice cold storage devices
Authors: Baranenko А. V. , Tamarov V. V. , Korolenko M. V.
Published: January 2025

Objective. The use of cold accumulation in cooling systems increases their efficiency, reduces the power of the installed equipment, equalizes the load on the electrical grid and ensures an economic effect. Method. The study is based on the methods of thermodynamic analysis of technical characteristics of various modifications of water-ice cold accumulators. Result. The analysis of technical characteristics of three types of ice accumulators was carried out: with water freezing on the heat-exchange surface (type 1), with water freezing in a tank (type 2) and in containers (type 3). Recommendations for their use were developed and promising areas of scientific research were determined. Specific parameters were compared: volume, cooling capacity and metal consumption. Conclusion. Devices of the second and third types have a number of advantages over devices of the first type: they are more compact, have a metal consumption 1.5–3 times lower. The efficiency of ice accumulators of all types in terms of specific cooling capacity is approximately the same and is within the range of 0.08–0.3 kW/kWh. Accumulators of the third type are of interest. To create them, it is necessary to carry out a set of analytical and experimental studies.
Security indicators for modern electronic document management systems
Authors: Livshits I. I.
Published: January 2025

Objective. Modern electronic document management systems (EDMS) provide controlled movement of multiple documents along different routes. Successful functioning of EDMS is determined by the availability of a specific document at the right time for a specific user. The purpose of the study is to develop a mathematical model of EDMS that allows determining the indicator of ED availability taking into account the UBI and performing optimization taking into account the complex organizational structure. Method. The study was conducted using the apparatus of Markov processes and the formation of numerical safety indicators. Particular attention is paid to the calculations of the numerical indicator of availability. Result. An important attribute has been determined - availability, the numerical indicator of which allows assessing the general level of a specific EDMS and simultaneously solving many specific problems of identifying and countering threats of information blocking, malicious delay in approval, deviation from established routes, which affects availability and, accordingly, the overall level of security. Conclusion. Known types of applied models (functional, set-theoretic, graphtheoretic, probabilistic-parametric) do not allow explicitly forming availability assessments. The proposed model allows identifying vulnerabilities in the EDMS, which can be used to implement new UBI and contribute to increasing the level of information security in EDMS projects.
The effectiveness of virtual reality media on student learning outcomes: A meta-analysis
Authors: Setiawan Risky , Yuliantri Rhoma Dwi Aria , Aman Aman , Fitri Ebtana Sella Mayang , Kurniawati Indri , Ramadan Syahri
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the effect of virtual reality media on student learning outcomes seen from the value of the effect size of published studies. This study used the meta-analysis method, with a group contrast design from experimental research and quasi-experiments that had experimental groups and control groups. The database used is the SCOPUS database. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method determines articles. Data collection is carried out by collecting article metadata with specific keywords that have been determined. The article metadata obtained is then sorted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The next step is to download a PDF of the article that matches the criteria. The downloaded PDF is tabulated to obtain statistical data in effect size calculations. Calculation of the effect size of each study and data analysis to prove research hypotheses using the R application version 4.2.0 and assisted by the RStudio. The results showed a Q value of 163.54 with a p-value of 0.0001 α (0.05), so it can be concluded that there is heterogeneity from the observed data regarding the effectiveness of virtual reality media research on learning outcomes. An I2 value of 90.8% indicates substantial heterogeneity categories. For this reason, a random effect size model is used; The results showed a random effect size of 0.6285 with a p-value of 0.0001 α (0.05). A value of 0.6285 indicates the influence is in the medium category; The results showed that there were differences in the effectiveness of the given continental differences (Q value = 8.24 and p-value 0.02 α (0.05)). There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of virtual reality media on learning outcomes in terms of education level (Q = 7.39 and p-value 0.02 α (0.05)); The results showed that the distribution of data showed symmetric, indicating that none of the studies were distorted or article bias occurred.
Challenges of IoT integration in education: A case study of students at Al- Zaytoonah University of Jordan
Authors:   Department of Sociology, School of Art, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, Derbas Areej , Hnaif Adnan ,   Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, Al-Saleh Salah ,   Faculty of Information Technology, Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Zarqa, Jordan, Al Zyoud Ismail ,   Faculty of Art, Department of Sociology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, Al-Khawaja Haneen A. ,   Department of Financial Technology and Banking, Faculty of Business, Ajloun National University, Ajloun, Jordan
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the challenges university students face when using the Internet of Things (IoT) in education at Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan. It also examined whether these challenges varied by gender and college affiliation. The research was conducted during the second semester of the 2023-2024 academic year with a randomly selected sample of 200 students from different colleges and academic levels. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed electronically via the university's e-learning platform (Moodle). The findings highlighted significant challenges, such as technical problems, inadequate infrastructure, lack of training, security risks, and issues with the reliability of IoT-based assessments. The challenges differed based on gender and college type: male students and those in scientific colleges reported more issues related to infrastructure, security, and assessment reliability, while female students and those in humanities colleges identified more technical difficulties. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing these challenges to successfully integrate IoT technologies into education.
Improving civil servant performance through authentic leadership
Authors:   Psychology Doctoral Program, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Utomo Triyo , Handoyo Seger ,   Psychology Doctoral Program, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Fajrianthi Fajrianthi ,   Psychology Doctoral Program, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: January 2025

Civil servants play a vital role in government organizations, but their performance is often not optimal due to leadership weaknesses. One factor affecting performance is the lack of effective leadership in influencing employees. This study investigates how authentic leadership influences authentic followership and its impact on improving civil servant performance. A quantitative method was applied, with civil servants from the Government of Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia, as respondents. The sample was selected randomly, and data was collected using the Authentic Leadership Inventory (ALI) and Authentic Followership Scale (AFS). Participants completed these instruments, and the data was analyzed through linear regression using JASP software version 0.18.3.0. The results show that authentic leadership significantly improves authentic followership, which, in turn, enhances civil servant performance. Authentic followership positively impacts both individual and organizational outcomes. The findings suggest that strengthening authentic leadership within government organizations can improve civil servant performance. This study contributes to the understanding of how authentic leadership promotes better performance through its influence on followership.
The mChoice App, an mHealth Tool for the Monitoring of Preexposure Prophylaxis Adherence and Sexual Behaviors in Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: Usability Evaluation
Authors: Dos Santos Fabiana Cristina , Brin Maeve , Tanner Mary R , Galindo Carla A , Schnall Rebecca
Published: January 2025

Background

Mobile health (mHealth) apps provide easy and quick access for end users to monitor their health-related activities. Features such as medication reminders help end users adhere to their medication schedules and automatically record these actions, thereby helping manage their overall health. Due to insufficient mHealth tools tailored for HIV preventive care in young men who have sex with men (MSM), our study evaluated the usability of the mChoice app, a tool designed to enhance preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence and promote sexual health (eg, encouraging the use of condoms and being aware of the partner’s HIV status and PrEP use).

Objective

This study aimed to apply systematic usability evaluations to test the mChoice app and to refine the visualizations to better capture and display patient-reported health information.

Methods

Usability testing involved heuristic evaluations conducted with 5 experts in informatics and user testing with 20 young MSM who were taking or were eligible to take PrEP.

Results

End users demonstrated satisfaction with the appearance of the mChoice app, reporting that the app has an intuitive interface to track PrEP adherence. However, participants highlighted areas needing improvement, including chart titles and the inclusion of “undo” and “edit” buttons to improve user control when recording PrEP use.

Conclusions

Usability evaluations involving heuristic experts and end users provided valuable insights into the mChoice app’s design. Areas for improvement were identified, such as enhancing chart readability and providing additional user controls. These findings will guide iterative refinements, ensuring that future versions of the app better address the needs of its target audience and effectively support HIV prevention.
Cross-cultural translation and adaptation of the Dementia Public Stigma Scale (Preprint)
Authors: Lu Junfeng , Shan Yi , Ji Meng , Ji Chen
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The Dementia Public Stigma Scale (DPSS) is a brief, user-friendly tool for assessing public stigma related to dementia. It has not been previously used or validated in China. The aim of this study was to translate, adapt, and validate the DPSS for use in Chinese populations, ensuring its cultural relevance and psychometric properties.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to translate, adapt, and validate the DPSS for use in Chinese populations, ensuring its cultural relevance and psychometric properties.

METHODS

The DPSS was translated into Chinese, followed by testing for translation equivalence and content validity. The adapted scale was administered to 314 participants. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to examine the factor structure of the scale. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed to evaluate the reliability of the scale.

RESULTS

The Chinese version of the DPSS demonstrated strong validity with a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.840, and the chi-square for the factor model was significant (χ² = 499.475, df = 120, p = 0.000), indicating good factor structure. The scale explained 67.679% of the cumulative variance. CFA results indicated an adequate model fit, with a Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) of 0.86, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of 0.89, and a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) of 0.08. Internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach’s alpha, ranged from 0.682 to 0.865, and test-retest reliability was strong (α = 0.789 to 0.885).

CONCLUSIONS

The Chinese version of the DPSS is both valid and reliable for assessing dementia-related stigma in Chinese populations. It provides a useful tool for researchers and healthcare professionals in China to understand and address dementia stigma, facilitating public health initiatives and awareness campaigns.
Practices in Addiction Treatment of Voluntary Drug Rehabilitation Institutions in Northwest China
Authors: Han Jingzi , Yang Rui , Wei Bin , Shangguan Suijun
Published: January 2025

Anti-Drug Law of the People’s Republic of China has made clear legal provisions for various measures to combat drug addiction, including voluntary rehabilitation, community rehabilitation, compulsory drug rehabilitation, and community rehabilitation. It has established a working system that combines drug rehabilitation treatment, rehabilitation guidance, and assistance services. Voluntary drug rehabilitation institutions are a crucial social force that not only reduces the public power’s expenses for mandatory drug rehabilitation but also helps drug users receive professional and standardized treatment, according to analyzing the treatment practices of voluntary drug rehabilitation institutions in Northwest China by conducting fieldwork at Huayou Drug Rehabilitation Hospital in Xi’an. It is argued that the voluntary drug rehabilitation institutions in this region adhere to a holistic approach and utilize drug detoxification, methadone maintenance treatment, psychosocial support, and nursing intervention to provide patient-oriented treatment for addicted patients. However, most drug users tend to self-medicate, leading to low treatment compliance and high relapse rates. Consequently, drug rehabilitation medical institutions in Northwest China face new challenges, such as an increase in patients with alcohol and iatrogenic addictions, and a decrease in drug addiction patients. How to scientifically analyze the micro-meso-macro environmental factors affecting voluntary drug rehabilitation institutions in Northwest China, and then effectively integrate resources are the current work priorities of voluntary drug rehabilitation institutions in this region.
Outstanding Beauty: Study of Publicity Translation and Cultural Diplomatic Value in the Internationalization of Domestic Cosmetic Brands
Authors: Li Qing , Cui Dan
Published: January 2025

This study delves into the translation strategies employed in the export process of Chinese-style cosmetics, with a primary focus on how these strategies facilitate cultural communication. Emphasis is placed on ensuring accurate and culturally adaptive translation of product packaging, which plays a pivotal role in establishing and maintaining brand cultural identity in international markets. In particular, the proposal of naming lipstick shades after literary works—linking both Chinese and Western literary traditions—demonstrates a novel approach to fostering cross-cultural exchange through product exports. Additionally, marketing strategies are explored, showcasing how this differentiation not only enhances cultural relevance but also strengthens consumer emotional connections. Case studies of TIMAGE and Proya serve to evaluate brand performance in cross-cultural communication, offering valuable insights for the international promotion of Chinese-style cosmetics. The findings of this study suggest innovative directions for combining translation and marketing strategies to further cultural exchange and brand growth globally.
Exploring the High-quality Development Path of Academic Libraries in the Perspective of Digital Literacy
Authors: Ye Min , Guo Peiming
Published: January 2025

In the new era, academic libraries are shouldering new missions and responsibilities for the progress of science and technology. Exploring the issues related to the high-quality development of academic libraries will play a crucial role in fully implementing the strategic planning to develop future academic libraries and to enhance their value and influence. In the digital intelligence era, digital literacy education has become a new growth point of the library’s social education function. This paper explains the connotation of digital literacy and the components of high-quality development of libraries. On basis of the problems and solution strategies of college libraries existing in the construction of talent teams and resources, the path of high-quality development of college libraries is rationally designed in the current paper. It is believed that digital literacy would empower the high-quality development of college libraries and significantly promote the construction of smart libraries.
Innovation and Teaching: Barriers and Opportunities
Authors: Carmical Mandee , Nadelson Louis S.
Published: January 2025

This study explores the role of professional learning communities (PLCs) in mitigating barriers to innovative instruction. Using a cross-sectional survey with selected and open-response items, data were collected from educators participating in either a cohort-based immersive PLC training or a regional network train-the-trainer model. Both groups agreed on the definition and implementation of innovative instructional strategies. External barriers identified include limited resources and students’ resistance to alternative learning methods, which may reflect internal barriers such as reduced teacher efficacy. While survey responses suggest that professional development in innovative teaching is perceived as beneficial, many educators do not view innovative strategies as integral to their practice. A significant difference emerged between the two groups regarding the perceived impact of PLCs, with the cohort reporting a greater influence on their instructional strategies than the regional network. Although PLCs fostered collaboration and peer learning, evidence of widespread implementation of innovative strategies in classroom practice was insufficient. These findings suggest that while PLCs raise awareness of innovative teaching methods, persistent barriers hinder their execution. The report concludes with a discussion of these results, their implications, and recommendations for future research to enhance the integration of innovative instruction.
RELATIVE AGE EFFECT CREATES A DISCRIMINATION AND DROPOUT PANDEMIC IN YOUTH FOOTBALL: SHOULD EVERYONE GET THE SAME CHANCE?
Authors: Majkić Branislav , Stojanović Nikola , Aleksić-Veljković Aleksandra
Published: January 2025

The goal of this study was to determine the dropout rate and the difference between football players born in different halves of the year. This study involved 101 sub-elite football players (14.4±2.9 yr, 168.2±9.4 cm, 60.1±5.3 kg, 21.7±2.2 BMI) divided into three age categories and two sub-groups for each of them (U-11a/b, U-14a/b and U-19a/b). The difference between the sub-groups was assessed using the T-test for independent groups and the Mann-Whitney U test with statistical significance set at the p < .05 level. The 10, 20 and 30 m running tests, SJ, CMJ, CMJmax, T-test, 9-3-6-3-9, and Slalom agility tests were used. Statistical difference for U-11 group was obtained for the SJ (p = .002), T-test (p = .012) and 9-3-6-3-9 test (p = .002). In U-14 group the statistical difference is shown in all speed and explosive strength tests (p < .05). Body fat did not show a statistically significant difference between groups while body height, body mass and muscle mass differ at a statistically significant level (p = .017, .041, .0.46, respectively). Compared to younger groups, U-19 group showed a significant difference on T-test and 10 m running (p = .017, .037, respectively). The main limitation is that this is not a longitudinal study with a single group followed throughout the process. In conclusion, it would be desirable for everyone to get an equal chance due to the different speed of development in order to be competent. Further recommendations are to divide youth categories into two separate leagues so that everyone gets the same playing time.
Effectively Writing YARA Rules to Detect Malware
Authors: Patil Vinay , M Naveen Kumar , M Pawan Singh , Singh Ashishika
Published: January 2025

Abstract: This research explores the effectiveness of writing YARA rules for the detection of malware, focusing on best practices
and strategies to enhance their accuracy and efficiency. YARA, a tool widely used for identifying and classifying malware, relies
on the creation of custom rules that match specific patterns within files or memory. This study examines various approaches to
crafting robust YARA rules, including pattern recognition, rule optimization, and handling evasive techniques employed by
malware. Through a series of experiments, we evaluate the performance of different rule-writing strategies in detecting both
known and unknown malware samples. The findings demonstrate that a combination of precise pattern matching, context
awareness, and regular rule updates significantly improves detection rates while minimizing false positives. This research
contributes to the field of malware detection by providing actionable insights into writing effective YARA rules and highlights
the importance of continuously refining these rules to adapt to evolving threats. Future research will explore the integration of
machine learning techniques to further enhance YARA rule creation.
Empowering Lives through Water Sustainability: Assessing the Impact of Limited Access on Irula Women in Thethampakkam, Pondicherry
Authors: Arunkumar R. , Sriram Vihaan , G Gautham. , C Hemasri Shakthi. , V Dharshan. , M Rejina.
Published: January 2025

Abstract: This study investigates the challenges of water sustainability in Thethampakkam, Pondicherry, with a focus on the
daily lives of 117 Irula women residing in the village. The research highlights the significant difficulties these women face in
accessing clean drinking water, as the majority rely on public standposts located 101-150 meters from their homes. Limited
water access disrupts their daily routines, causing delays in cooking, late arrivals at school or work, and exacerbating physical
violence. These challenges underscore the critical role water access plays in the socio-economic and physical well-being of the
Irula community. The findings emphasize the urgent need for sustainable water management solutions to improve the quality of
life for the women and their families, fostering equity and resilience within the community
Realtime Accent Translation
Authors: Mayavathi V A , Vignesh Ballani , Hemavathi V. , Gupta Aditi , Varma K. Gnanendra , Poornima Dr. Galiveeti
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Accent Translation in Real-Time is one of the very first projects meant to overcome the barriers erected by regional
accents in spoken languages. It uses the state-of-the-art research on speech recognition, NLP, and speech synthesis while
translating speech from a source accent into a neutral or target accent in real-time. Accent detection and modification may
include the use of deep learning models, like RNNs or transformers. In addition to the regional phonetic features, audio inputs
on words with contextual meanings allow the reconstruction of the speech to conserve a desirable accent and continue giving the
speaker their identity. Global communication, educational, and accessible applications would cultivate effective, comforting
communication, where care for lingual background goes by the board. Project scope: low latency processing and scalabilitywhich should be able to support many languages and varieties of accents that might make it extremely practical yet quite an
effective tool in this increasing world. Keywords— Real-Time Accent Translation, Speech Recognition, Natural Language
Processing (NLP), Speech Synthesis, Deep Learning, Transformers, Multilingual Support, Low Latency Processing, Accent
Identification, Phonetic Mapping, Seq2SeqModels, Voice Synthesis, Ethical Considerations, Global Communication,
Accessibility
Characterization of Cottage Textile Dyeing Effluent of Sirajganj District in Bangladesh
Authors:   Water Research Lab, Institute of Environmental Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh., Islam Md Zohurul , Hasan Md Rashidul ,   University of Silk Enrichment and Technology (USET), Narayanganj 1421, Bangladesh., Mostafa Md Golam ,   Water Research Lab, Institute of Environmental Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.
Published: January 2025

The textile dying industry is one of the most important industrial sectors in Bangladesh. The discharged untreated effluent from different industries adds to the environment a wide variety of harmful chemicals, which cause severe damage to the water. The present study aimed to characterize the discharged effluent surrounding the areas of cottage textile dyeing industries. The effluent samples were collected from different locations of the four upazilas (administrative regions) in Sirajganj district in three seasons, namely the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon, covering two years. The study considered the major physicochemical and chemical parameters, including biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), heavy metals, and anions. The analysis results showed that most of the physicochemical parameters, including EC, pH, TDS, TSS, turbidity, BOD, COD, organic matter (OM), total hardness (TH), the cationic and anionic parameters, and trace metals, including Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb, in effluent samples exceeded the Department of Environment, Bangladesh (DoE-BD) standard, 2008. The most toxic heavy metals, such as Cr, Mn, Cd, and Pb, were found to be higher than the standard permissible limit in all of the collected samples, indicating heavy metal pollution in the area. The analysis results of the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the effluent samples contained toxic functional groups, like azo, cyano, etc., indicating higher levels of pollution due to the discharge of untreated textile dyeing effluent.
Enhancing Photoirradiation Stability: A Review on Modification of Poly(methylmethacrylate)
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Adil Hadeel , A. Ibraheem Hanan ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Ghazi Naser Huda ,   Department of Applied Pathological Analysis, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, R. Shaker Ala’a ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Salman Husam ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, H. Al-Mashhadani Mohammed ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Abdullayeva Maya ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Azadlig 20, Baku, AZ-1010, Azerbaijan, Fellah Mamoun ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, ABBES Laghrour-Khenchela University, PO 1252, CP, 40004, Algeria, A. Husain Amani ,   Polymer Research Unit, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, 10052 Baghdad, Iraq, Yousif Emad ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2025

Due to photoirradiation-induced deterioration, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), a thermoplastic that is extensively used and valued for its transparency and adaptability, performs less well in a variety of applications. This extensive analysis looks at creative approaches to improve the photoirradiation stability of PMMA, mostly concentrating on pendant modification techniques. The first sections of the paper explain the importance of stability in PMMA, describe the difficulties caused by photoirradiation, and state the goals of the review. An in-depth analysis of PMMA, including its attributes, traits, and many uses, prepares the reader for the investigation of stability improvement methods that follow. The literature review section explores previous research on PMMA stability, pointing out knowledge gaps and areas need ingmore research. After that, the focus turns to pendant customization and offers a thorough explanation, illustrations, and change procedures. An extensive analysis is conducted on many pendant modification methods, such as photostabilizing nanoparticles, hindered amine light stabilizers, and grafting of benzotriazole derivatives. Comparative evaluations draw attention to the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Optical devices, automotive components, and architectural glazing are identified as domains in which modified PMMA exhibits exceptional performance.
Coagulation Process Followed SARS-Cov2 Infection and Vaccination
Authors:   College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Jadiriya, Baghdad, Iraq., W. Issa Yasir , M. Salih Shahlaa ,   College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Jadiriya, Baghdad, Iraq., Khudhair Ola ,   College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Jadiriya, Baghdad, Iraq.
Published: January 2025

SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19, a rapidly spreading coronavirus, leads to severe acute respiratory syndrome. In severe cases, hypercoagulability and inflammation significantly contribute to poor outcomes and mortality. This study investigated the coagulation process post-vaccination and infection in Iraq. Acase-control study with 450 Iraqi participants included 90 healthy controls, 90 Pfizer vaccine recipients, 90 AstraZeneca vaccine recipients, 90 Sinopharm vaccine recipients, and 90 unvaccinated, infected individuals. Subgroups were followed up at 1, 2, and 3 months post-vaccination or infection to analyze plasma PT, PTT, INR, blood platelets, and D-Dimer. Significant differences were observed in D-Dimer levels among groups (p=0.000). Higher platelet counts were seen in infected patients, followed by AstraZeneca recipients (p<0.05). Thrombocytopenia was noted in Pfizer recipients in the first three months. A significant drop in PT and PTT was recorded in hospitalized patients one month post-infection, with no significant differences thereafter or in other groups (p>0.05). COVID-19 severity correlates with fibrin and fibrinolytic activity. AstraZeneca recipients showed a higher risk of coagulation and fibrin formation compared to Pfizer and Sinopharm recipients, highlighting the potential need for anticoagulants to mitigate risks.
Exploring the Association between Obesity, Inflammation, and Type IIDiabetes: Insights from Body Mass Index Correlation and Immune Response Analysis
Authors:   Department of Medical Genetic, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq., I. Kadhim Hawraa , Saad Kadhim Ali ,   Department of Science, College of Basic Education, Wasit University, Wasit, Iraq.
Published: January 2025

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of physiological disorders characterized by a prolonged hyperglycemic state caused by insulin secretion and activity. Recently, several study positive correlations between the increase in BMI and T2D.Additionally,the immune system has contributed to thepathogenicityofT2D in obese individuals. The current study sought to investigate the correlation between obesity and inflammation in obese T2D and obese non-T2D individualsand also detected the role of increasing BMI in obese individualsand developingT2D. The finding involved 100 participants (50 obeseT2D and 50 obese without T2D). The serum of all participants underwent the following immunological and biochemistry tests, which include FBS, Insulin, IAA, ANA, BMI, and HOMA-IR. This study revealed that obese males developT2D more than females (60.0%,40.0% respectively) Moreover, Obese T2D and obese without T2D individuals were increasedconcentrations of IgG in serum levels with markers (ANA, HOMA-IR, and IL-6). While IgG levels in IAA serum wereconsiderably greater in obese T2D individuals only. Furthermore, BMI has been positively associated with an increasing level of ANA, HOMA-IR, and IL-6 in both groups. This investigation unveiled a direct correlation between escalating BMI and the incidence of T2D. Additionally, it revealed the active impact of obesity on the immune response and its consequential contribution to the pathogenesis of T2D.
Hypertension in Pregnancy
Authors:   Forensic DNA Centre for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq., Adnan Al-Ward Mais , Hameed Abdulridha Ruaa ,   Department of Applied Pathological Analyses, College of Science,Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq., Adel Hussein Marwa ,   Forensic DNA Centre for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq., Jasim Sodani Ibtisam ,   Forensic DNA Centre for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq., Ridha Jaafar May ,   Forensic DNA Centre for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq., Khalid Ibrahim Al-Sammarrie Hala ,   Forensic DNA Centre for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq., A. Jawad Asmaa ,   Forensic DNA Centre for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq., Emad Neamah Shahad ,   Forensic DNA Centre for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq., Hussen Safir Nadhum ,   Forensic DNA Centre for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq.
Published: January 2025

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are an important global health problem and a leading cause of maternal death in underdeveloped countries. While therapeutic choices have remained mostly unchanged in recent years, there have been notable advancements in understanding the etiology of preeclampsia. on an accurate diagnosis, particularly by the emergency physician. The appropriate care for these patients relies significantly harm to the cardiovascular and other organ systems. This study has been providing the most recent information on the many hypertension diseases that occur during pregnancy and the available treatment choices.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of 532 nm and 660 nm Diode Laser on MRSA Viability in Different Tissue Thicknesses in Vitro
Authors:   Department of Vocational Education, Babylon Education Directorate, Babylon, Iraq, A. Turki Aldalawi Ali
Published: January 2025

Laser-mediated therapeutic approaches have offered multiple advantages in reducing cutaneous microbial complications across different environments along with biological processes. However, the application of such an approach in clinical trials of different tissues has been very difficult and cannot be applied to improve microbial control investigations across different tissue sites. This study aims to provide a comparative perspective to evaluate the analgesic parameters of 530nm and 660nm lasers at MRSA-infected tissue sites under laboratory conditions. To investigate this, the light penetration depths and transport properties will be initially investigated, providing insight into this strategy and its optimization in laser-based microbial decontamination efficiency. This type of treatment facilitates the development of new and untested protocols that take into account the optical properties of MRSA-infected tissues in different clinical settings, to ensure optimal control of microbial pathogens while minimizing the potential for future infection of surrounding tissues. Wavelengths of 660 nm provided acceptable efficiency for controlling pathogens in different 3 mm thick cattle meat samples, confirming the effectiveness of this technique. In contrast, the 530nm wavelengths provided better efficacy in beef tissue samples of 5mm and 10mm thickness, demonstrating the validity of the advantages of laser therapy for diverse tissues compared to standard antibiotics, while indexing new treatment protocols against pathogens in various therapeutic settings. This treatment approach offers several advantages of laser properties over conventional therapies while reducing the concerns expected with laser-based interventions. Thus, this technique can be calibrated in the laboratory to ensure light transmittance considerations are matched to target site characteristics to reduce microbial risk and ensure patient safety through optimal tissue conditions
Modified Satellite Image Segmentation Based on Region Method
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University,Jadiriya64055, Baghdad Iraq., Jassam Mohammed Ali , A. Al-Ani Laith ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University,Jadiriya64055, Baghdad Iraq.
Published: January 2025

A modified segmentation technique is proposed to segment images using Univariate statistical parameters such as minimum, maximum, and mean values as well as contour length. This segmentation technique is applied to satellite images of seven bands captured by the Landsat (8, 9) OLI satellite in 2022. The utilization of principal component analysis (PCA) is employed in this study, as it has been observed that the combined value of the initial three principal components encompasses nearly 99% of the pertinent information. To effectively represent the identified elements, the Freeman chain coding technique is applied, ensuring both reduced bounds and low bit rates. The segmentation process for the 1stPC images involves several stages. This approach employs a threshold value of 0.60 and a minimum contour length of 8. The process commences at the initial stage and advances consistently until it reaches the final stage, ultimately generating an image devoid of any fragmented regions. The suggested segmentation method provides realistic thin and closed borders compared to any method based on the edge-based technique. The results showed that the total number of segment regions with a contour length greater than 6 equals 358 within four categories that have the same characteristic.
Calculation of Hazard Indicators for Some Materials Used in Construction and Selected from the Iraqi Market
Authors:   Physics Department, Science College, Tikrit University, Tikrit ,Iraq, A. Essa Saad , H. Mahmood Yaseen ,   Physics Department, Science College, Tikrit University, Tikrit ,Iraq, K. Mohammad Kareem ,   Al-Nahrain Research Center for Renewable Energy, Al-Nahrain University, Jadiriya, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2025

The main objective of this study is to measure the levels of radioactivity in certain construction material samples by quantifying the amounts of natural radionuclides (238U, 232Th, 40K) and 137Sc using gamma-ray spectroscopy with a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The selected samples were collected and examined to ascertain the mean quantities of radionuclides present. Subsequently, these findings were juxtaposed with global benchmarks for additional examination. The efficiency results unveiled a spectrum of concentrations for different radionuclides, encompassing 238U with a concentration range of (2.53 -8.2 Bq/kg) and an average concentration of (4.93 Bq/kg). Similarly, the concentration of 232Th ranged from (0.655 -3.45 Bq/kg), with an average concentration of (1.74 Bq/kg). The radionuclide 40k exhibited a concentration range of (3.5 -1500 Bq/kg), with an average value of (386.4 Bq/kg). Furthermore, 137Sc displayed a concentration range of (0.51-0.22 Bq/kg) with an average concentration of (0.53 Bq/kg). The radium equivalent concentration was determined to be (40.45 Bq/kg), whereas the absorbed dosage was measured at (18.67 nGy/h). The external hazard index (Hout) was measured to equal (0.11 mSv/y), whereas the internal hazard index (Hin) was determined to be (0.17 mSv/y). Furthermore, the annual equivalent effective dose (AEDEout) was calculated to be (0.09 mSv/year). The annual dosage of (AEDEin) was determined to be (0.02 mSv/year). The gamma radiation index, denoted as Iγ, was determined to be (0.28 Bq/kg). The study results imply that the amounts of radionuclides fall within the defined normal limits worldwide, indicating that the natural radioactivity levels are within the internationally acceptable range.Quantification of both natural and artificial radioactivity in specific building materials employed in constructing dwellings inside Salah Al-Din Governorate. A selection of seven distinct models was made. (Plaster, Bork, and Dust). The concentration of gamma-ray-emitting radionuclides in both the uranium-radium and thorium series, as well as 40K and 137Sc, was measured using a high-purity germanium (HpGe) detector. Subsequently, the spectrum underwent analysis for 3600 seconds. The concentrations of the radionuclides being investigated were determined to be as follows: The mean concentrations of 238U range from (2.53 -8.2 Bq/kg), while for 232Th the range from (0.65 to 3.45 Bq/kg). The concentrations of potassium 40K range from (3.5 to 1500 Bq/kg), and for 137 Sc the range from 0.51 to 0.22 Bq/kg.
Exploring Visual Cryptography Techniques: A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Alauldeen Al-Bayati Hajir , M. Jawad Lahieb ,   Department Network Engineering, College of Information Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, N. Hamod Dalal ,   Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2025

The backdrop: visual cryptography represents a contemporary encryption technology valued for its ease of implementation and comprehensibility, eliminating the need for a secure channel for key transmission and similar requirements. This paper aims: delve into the diverse methods employed in optical encryption, exploring their advantages and drawbacks, with a particular focus on image encryption techniques and the outcomes documented in various research studies. The objective is to identify the strengths and weaknesses inherent in these methodologies, paving the way for potential solutions in the future of optical encryption research. Notably, challenges persist in effectively handling color images and utilizing multiple shares (n, n), impacting both the security and the restoration aspects. The time computation aspects, encompassing creation, encryption, and restoration of these shares, also present challenges. Consequently, ongoing improvements are necessary to address these intricacies and enhance the robustness and applicability of visual cryptography technologies in diverse contexts
Effect of Flavones Extracted from Lavender Flowers Against Some Bacteria that Cause Food Poisoning
Authors:   Materials Research Directorate, Medical Tools Center,Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq, Abdul Elah Muhmmed Suadad , Noory Ali Inaam ,   Environmental and Water Research Directorate, Environmental Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad –Iraq., Khalel Farhan Rasha ,   Materials Research Directorate, Medical Tools Center,Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq, Nazar Baqer Loay ,   Materials Research Directorate, Medical Tools Center,Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq, Muhmmed Kadem Eman ,   Materials Research Directorate, Medical Tools Center,Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2025

The lavender plant is a shrub-shaped plant. It contains many active substances such as volatile oils, terpenes, and flavonides are considered antioxidants, antibacterial and antifungal substances. Take up the research extract and detect for flavonoids in the flowers of the lavender plant, especially the anthocyanin pigment, due to its important demand. The dried alcoholic extract (flavonoids) was prepared at different concentrations, estimated in milligrams per milliliter (mg/ml). And to study its effect on the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the bacteria Bacillus cereus that cause food poisoning, the active ingredient (flavonoids) was detected using ethyl alcohol and the base potassium hydroxide (KOH) at a concentration of 50%. The reagent was added to the aqueous extract of lavender flowers, and a yellow-brown color appeared indicating a positive detection. Then the extraction process was carried out using ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 80% to obtain the pure extract containing the anthocyanin dye. The anthocyanin pigment was identified using HPLC device compared with the standard solution. The active substance appeared at a retention time of 2 minutes. Then prepare a series of half-dilutions of the dried extract from the original concentration of 800mg/ml. For the purpose of testing the sensitivity of staphylococcus and bacillus bacteria to the plant extract using the wells method, and measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone mm. The results indicate that it is in the inhibition zone for Staphylococcus bacteria, it is 17 mm at a concentration of 800 mg/ml which is minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value, and the lowest inhibition zone is 12 mm at a concentration of 400 mg/ml, which is the value of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). As for Bacillus bacteria, its highest zone of inhibition was 22 mm at a concentration of 800 mg/ml which is minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)value, and its lowest zone of inhibition was 15 mm at a concentration of 200 mg/ml. which is its MIC value. . This result encourages the use of anthocyanin pigment as a preservative in food due to its being an inhibitor of the bacteria that cause food poisoning.