bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Unplanned Dialysis Initiation: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Hassan Rana , Akbari Ayub , Brown Pierre A. , Hiremath Swapnil , Brimble K. Scott , Molnar Amber O.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Unplanned dialysis initiation is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Objective:

To determine common definitions and patient risk factors for unplanned dialysis.

Design:

Systematic review.

Setting:

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to February 2018.

Patients:

Studies that included incident chronic dialysis patients or patients with CKD that cited a definition or examined risk factors for unplanned dialysis were included.

Measurements:

Definitions and criteria for unplanned dialysis reported across studies. Patient characteristics associated with unplanned dialysis.

Methods:

Two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardized data abstraction form and assessed study quality using a modified New Castle Ottawa Scale.

Results:

From 2797 citations, 48 met eligibility criteria. Reported definitions for unplanned dialysis were variable. Most publications cited dialysis initiation under emergency conditions and/or with a central venous catheter. The association of patient characteristics with unplanned dialysis was reported in 26 studies, 18 were retrospective and 21 included incident dialysis patients. The most common risk factors in univariate analyses were (number of studies) increased age (n = 7), cause of kidney disease (n = 6), presence of cardiovascular disease (n = 7), lower serum hemoglobin (n = 9), lower serum albumin (n = 10), higher serum phosphate (n = 6), higher serum creatinine or lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at dialysis initiation (n = 7), late referral (n = 5), lack of dialysis education (n = 6), and lack of follow-up in a predialysis clinic prior to dialysis initiation (n = 5). A minority of studies performed multivariable analyses (n = 10); the most common risk factors were increased age (n = 4), increased comorbidity score (n = 3), late referral (n = 5), and lower eGFR at dialysis initiation (n = 3).

Limitations:

Comparison of results across studies was limited by inconsistent definitions for unplanned dialysis. High-quality data on patient risk factors for unplanned dialysis are lacking.

Conclusions:

Well-designed prospective studies to determine modifiable risk factors are needed. The lack of a consensus definition for unplanned dialysis makes research and quality improvement initiatives in this area more challenging.
Joblessness, Poverty, and Neighborhood Crime: Testing Wilson’s Assertions of Jobless Poverty
Authors: Dollar Cindy Brooks , Donnelly Ellen A. , Parker Karen F.
Published: March 2019

Political and public rhetoric often tout the detrimental effects of poverty and the stabilizing effects of jobs when discussing issues of crime and disorder. Several decades ago, William Julius Wilson proposed that while poverty has been a long-standing problem across U.S. cities, a “new urban poverty” associated with the massive disappearance of jobs may better explain neighborhood crime and violence. Although scholarship continues to theorize about the unique criminogenic effects of area-level poverty and joblessness, criminological research has not systematically examined the distinct effects of poverty and jobless poverty on neighborhood crime. In the present analysis, we use data from the National Neighborhood Crime Study (NNCS) to provide the first empirical investigation of how joblessness, separately from poverty, influences rates of homicide and other reported violence across 6,406 neighborhoods in 53 U.S. metropolitan areas. A spatially adjusted, multilevel regression analysis reveals that places with poverty and joblessness are distinct from areas with poverty and no marked joblessness. Analysis by neighborhood further reveals that joblessness has a stronger effect on violent crime than poverty itself in severely impoverished areas. As such, we find support for Wilson’s distinct, criminogenic notion of jobless poverty.
Dalits and Their Religious Identity in India: A Critical Look at Existing Practices
Authors: Kesalu Satri Veera , Srinivasulu Vukkala
Published: March 2019

India is one of the most diversified states as far as religion is concerned. Freedom of religion in India is a fundamental right guaranteed by the Constitution. It ensures that all citizens have the right to practice and promote their religions. On the other side of the coin, there have been many incidents of religious intolerance with respect to Dalits. Since ages, Dalits have never been allowed to practice mainstream Hindu religion. Due to the lack of proper recognition in the mainstream of Hindu religion, Dalits have been adopting religions such as Christianity and Buddhism. Because of this, they are being brutally attacked by the so-called Hindu fundamentalists. As such, Dalits, who are around 20 per cent of the total population, have religious freedom in principle and lack the same in practice. In this critical game, Dalit Christians have been victimized in a greater sense. It is in this background that the article examines the constitutional obligations to offer freedom of religion in practice and the status on freedom of religion as it exists, especially with special reference to the Dalits. This article explores the incidents of religious intolerance which Dalit Christians face in India. Finally, this article summarizes, against the backdrop of some cases, the perceptions of Dalits and Dalit Christians on freedom of religion in India and their experiences.
Calibrating and validating a combined accumulation and mobilisation model for water distribution system discolouration using particle swarm optimisation
Authors: Furnass William R. , Mounce Stephen R. , Husband Stewart , Collins Richard P. , Boxall Joby B.
Published: March 2019

A discolouration concept is proposed describing simultaneous pipe wall material accumulation and mobilisation processes that define discolouration in drinking water distribution systems, one of the biggest causes of customer dissatisfaction. Validation of these mathematical forms is presented. The model formulation was shown to maintain the mobilisation functionality of previous validated shear-stress-dependant modelling tool, but requiring only two empirical parameters. Two distinct operational datasets are then analysed and robust empirical model parameter calibration is obtained utilising a refined particle swarm optimisation technique. The model is shown to make usefully accurate simulations for flow mediated events, providing evidence of predictive capabilities. The combined tracking of accumulation and mobilisation behaviour enables assessment of the current and future discolouration risk posed by any pipe irrespective of age or material, allowing pro-active, risk based planning and prioritisation of maintenance interventions to protect the quality of delivered water.
Rational use of Computed Tomography Scan head in the Emergency Department of a high volume tertiary care public sector hospital
Authors: Nishtar Tahira , Ahmad Tabish , Noor Nosheen , Muhammad Fayaz
Published: March 2019

Objective: To emphasize the rational use of Computed Tomography (CT) head in emergency department (ED) of a high volume tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in Radiology Department of Medical Teaching Institute Lady Reading Hospital (MTI-LRH), Peshawar, Pakistan from November 1st 2017 to 31st January 2018. Patients of all ages and both genders presenting to the emergency department with post traumatic and non-traumatic indications for emergency CT head scan were included in the study. The imaging was performed on GE 16 multi slice Optima CT system. The imaging protocol included slice thickness of 3-5mm, non-contrast study for cases of head trauma or suspected stroke. Where needed intravenous contrast was administered e.g. to exclude meningitis in patients presenting with severe headache. Patients undergoing CT examination for regions of the body other than head and brain were excluded from the study as their number was insignificant. Reporting was done on PACS and results analyzed using latest SPSS version.

Results: Out of 4284 CT scans performed in emergency department 90.8% were CT head (3893). Among 3893 CT scan head done in ED, 2581 cases were reported normal (66.29%), while 1312 cases had positive findings (33.7%), including post traumatic and non-traumatic.

Conclusion: Misuse of CT head is common especially in an emergency setting. Emergency physicians should be encouraged to obtain a detailed history and perform a thorough physical examination with reference to internationally standardized guidelines, while ordering CT scan.

How to cite this:Nishtar T, Ahmad T, Noor N, Muhammad F. Rational use of Computed Tomography Scan head in the Emergency Department of a high volume tertiary care public sector hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):302-308. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.719

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Poland's Refugee Policy and Polish Society Between Values of Survival and Self-Expression
Authors: Wiącek Elżbieta
Published: March 2019

At the beginning of November 2015, the Polish government’s decision to accept 6,800 refugees fleeing Syria and Eritrea created a fierce debate dividing Polish society. A poll conducted by the Polish Research Centre found that twothirds of Poles oppose taking in refugees from the Middle East and North Africa. Thousands of protesters and counter-protesters gathered on the streets. It is difficult to draw the line dividing the pro-refugee Poles and those who are opposed to taking them in. This line does not run between political leaders and “ordinary” citizens as, in both groups, one can find a variety of attitudes. One of the major factors behind anti-migrant views is Poland’s religious and ethnic homogeneity. This present state of affairs differs radically from the multinational, multicultural state of Poland as it existed up to the Second World War. Between the 15th and 17th centuries, while Europe was absorbed with religious turmoil, Poland was famous for religious tolerance and for being a sanctuary for many refugees escaping from persecution. Thus, have the Poles lost their spirit of tolerance and hospitality?
Treatment options for benign prostate enlargement
Authors: Vlotman-Novinuk Deidre
Published: March 2019

Benign prostate enlargement or benign prostatic hyperplasia is a very common condition in men as they get older. It is the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men. LUTS can significantly affect quality of life.

Symptoms include frequent urination, a weak stream, incomplete bladder emptying, hesitancy to urinate, dribbling after urination, nocturia, urinary tract infections and urinary retention. Some men may be able to manage their symptoms with lifestyle changes and monitoring; however, many need treatment.

Treatment depends on the individual and what impact his symptoms are having on his wellbeing. Treatment may include drugs, such as alpha-adrenergic blockers and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, or surgical intervention. Surgical procedures include transurethral resection of the prostate, laser, prostate artery embolisation, UroLift, water vaporisation and water jet ablation. However, all treatments cause side effects. It is important that the patient is at the centre of care and makes an informed decision about his treatment with the support of his health professional.
To prescribe or not to prescribe: enhancing safety in remote prescribing
Authors: Shepherd Alison Burton
Published: March 2019

From time to time, it may be appropriate to use a telephone, or other non-face-to-face medium to prescribe medicines and treatment for patients. Non face-to-face media include telephone, fax, email, video link, or websites.

This concept is known as remote prescribing and refers to prescribing for patients who are physically ‘remote’ or not in the same vicinity as the clinician ( Broadhead, 2011 ). Secondly, the term can also refer to an area of the UK described as being geographically ‘remote’, where direct face-to-face access to healthcare can be poor ( General Medical Council, 2017 ). Remote prescribing has been described as an important facility in healthcare, providing patients with greater accessibility to their medications and treatment ( Griffiths, 2018 ). However, remote prescribing is only acceptable in exceptional circumstances.

The aim of this article is to identify and discuss clinical situations in which remote prescribing is acceptable, with an onus on safety. Broadhead (2011) proposes that the medical guidance for remote prescribing is analogous for other health professionals, including nurses and midwives who prescribe remotely using different forms of technology. Therefore, these guidelines will be referred to throughout this article.
Single-Cell Genomics
Authors: Paolillo Carmela , Londin Eric , Fortina Paolo
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Single-cell genomics is an approach to investigate cell heterogeneity and to identify new molecular features correlated with clinical outcomes. This approach allows identification of the complexity of cell diversity in a sample without the loss of information that occurs when multicellular or bulk tissue samples are analyzed.

CONTENT

The first single-cell RNA-sequencing study was published in 2009, and since then many more studies and single-cell sequencing methods have been published. These studies have had a major impact on several fields, including microbiology, neurobiology, cancer, and developmental biology. Recently, improvements in reliability and the development of commercial single-cell isolation platforms are opening the potential of this technology to the clinical laboratory.

In this review we provide an overview of the current state of single-cell genomics. We describe opportunities in clinical research and medical applications.
Challenging online situations reported by Italian and Portuguese children in 2018
Authors: Ponte Cristina
Published: March 2019

Based on the results of the EU Kids Online survey (2018) already completed in Portugal and Italy, this article analyses two issues related to the growing dissemination of hate messages and fake news: firstly, how Italian and Portuguese children and young people aged 9-17 are coping with negative online content and conduct. Secondly, how they report their informational skills and their relationship with the news content. In comparison to previous surveys conducted in both countries (EU Kids Online 2010, Net Children Go Mobile, 2014), the results reveal an increase in negative online experiences – such as exposure to hate messages, to violent and gory images, or being the victim or perpetrator of cyberbullying. Although the levels of troubling experiences are much higher in Portugal, Italian and Portuguese children present relatively similar patterns of coping. In both countries informational skills relating to surfing or searching for accurate information are reported much less frequently than technological or social digital skills. Gender and age are significant in these two issues. These results underline the need for empowering children with human values and critical literacy, as part of a culture of digital rights and responsibilities.
Ser, saber, poder: experimentos en el laboratorio para la vida y la escuela
Authors: Perea Acevedo Adrián José
Published: March 2019

Agradezco la amable invitación que los profesores Sandra Patricia Quitián y Mario Montoya me han hecho para presentar este texto como síntesis propositiva de un conjunto de ideas que sostienen algunas investigaciones, realizadas a lo largo de diez años, en cuatro programas distintos de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas: la Licenciatura en Educación Básica con énfasis en Humanidades y Lengua Castellana; la Especialización en Gerencia de Proyectos Educativos Institucionales; la Maestría en Investigación Social Interdisciplinaria, y el Doctorado en Estudios Sociales.
Documentación del Conocimiento Tecnológico y Pedagógico del Contenido, de un profesor de química ejemplar durante la implementación de un objeto de aprendizaje
Authors: Candela Rodríguez Boris Fernando
Published: March 2019

Este estudio tuvo como propósito central documentar el conocimiento tecnológico y pedagógico del contenido de un profesor de química ejemplar cuando implementa el objeto de aprendizaje "cuando utilizamos diferentes unidades de concentración". Esta fue una investigación cualitativa mediante la modalidad de estudio de caso. Con el fin de dar confiabilidad a los resultados, los datos fueron recogidos a través de fuentes documentales como relatos, videos de las clases, observación no participante y trabajos de los estudiantes. Esta investigación produjo una gran cantidad de información que fue analizada desde la perspectiva de la teoría fundamentada, de lo cual se generaron cuatro categorías, a saber: 1) la pedagogía general, en conjunción con las habilidades lingüísticas y las relaciones cuantitativas median la comprensión de las unidades de concentración; 2) la enseñanza del tópico solubilidad, un medio para desarrollar las competencias que demanda la actual sociedad del conocimiento; 3) el principio de la intertextualidad, elemento fundamental para representar el tópico de los objetos de aprendizaje; y 4) la enseñanza de unidades de concentración en relación con la evaluación formativa y las pruebas de naturalezaestandarizada. El desarrollo teórico de estas categorías se tradujo en los relatos de experiencias profesionales y pedagógicas (PaP-eR), que representaron los procesos de razonamiento y acciones pedagógicas realizadas por el profesor ejemplar durante la implementación del objeto de aprendizaje.
A tradição de pesquisa segundo Laudan en educação em espaços não formais num evento de ensino de ciências
Authors: Seiffert Santos Saulo Cezar , Borin da Cunha Márcia
Published: March 2019

A pesquisa em Educação Não Formal em Ciências tem crescido no Brasil, principalmente em eventos. No Encontro Nacional de Pesquisadores em Educação em Ciências − ENPEC essa discussão está presente em uma linha temática desde 1997, e recebe trabalhos de todo o país. Assim, aqui o questionamento é se essa temática possui tradição própria de pesquisa nos termos de Larry Laudan, na obra “O Progresso e seus Problemas: rumo a uma teoria do crescimento científico” e se possui diferenças em relação aos outros campos de pesquisa na Educação em Ciências. Diante disso, o objetivo da pesquisa é analisar os trabalhos do ENPEC nas edições de 2011 a 2017 com base no Modelo Reticulado de Racionalidade −  MRR de Laudan. Foram encontrados 114 trabalhos com os descritores “não formal”. A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo e seus dados são tratados pelos pressupostos da análise de conteúdo com a técnica análise categorial temática com base nas categorias do MRR. O uso dos indicadores junto às categorias métodos, teorias e fins/metas possibilitou verificar uma grande diversidade de trabalhos, públicos, métodos e reflexões. Foi, contudo, verificada em poucos trabalhos a influência museológica para a educação em ciências, mas uma lógica própria nessa temática denominável de Tradição em Educação Não Formal em Ciências com os campos de Enriquecimento Cultural, Complementaridade Escolar e Exploração de Alternativas Não Formais.
Conflicts and solidarities of the LGBTQ scene in St Petersburg
Authors: Onegina Elena V.
Published: March 2019

Modern Russia shows increased problematization of LGBTQ communities and non-conventional gender identities in media and their almost complete exclusion from public space. However, the present study reveals that LGBTQ activists are solidarizing faced with symbolic, psychological and physical violence and pressure by the state, social institutions and the homophobic population. The empirical basis of the study is 14 interviews involving LGBTQ people and the overt observation.  The scene approach highlights not only actors and practices within the scene but also the space where interactions take place. The author concludes that the St Petersburg LGBTQ scene represents heterogeneous community of organizations, initiatives, venues targeted at different groups of individuals with non-conventional sexual and gender identities. The LGBTQ scene is more likely to be seen as a reflexive, argumentative discussion of the most important community issues related to gender status, public actions, authorities, hierarchy and sexual and gender identities.
Acknowledgment.  The paper is part of the project “Promoting the youth participation and social inclusion: analysis of innovative youth activism in Europe and Russia” implemented within the NRU HSE 2018 Fundamental Research Program.
Construction of personal brands in beauty vlogging
Authors: Salamova Zemfira K.
Published: March 2019

The popularity of digital content about make-up and self-care has been steadily growing during the recent years. Most of its producers and consumers are young people. The article analyzes three Russian YouTube-channels (“Arina Viscera”, “ND Beauty Channel” and “Gev Mua”) to study how their hosts construct their personal brands in the context of beauty content production. The article employs the technique of discourse analysis and a qualitative content analysis. The research results show that the beauty vlog format provides users with various ways of presenting themselves to the audience as they can choose different ways of demonstrating their expertise, comparing themselves to viewers, manifesting their passion for makeup and showing emotional and physical resources that are used in the production.
An Analysis of Rolling Damage Ship Motion Caused by the Wave Load on Bulk Carrier Vessels
Authors: Putranto Teguh , Purwanto Dedi Budi
Published: March 2019

Stabilitas menjadi syarat utama kapal yang laik layar. Artikel ini memuat analisa gerakan rolling pada kapal bulk carrier yang mengalami kebocoran ketika dikenai beban gelombang dengan sudut heading 90⁰ dan 270⁰ dan tinggi gelombang maksimum. Kapal berada pada kondisi muatan full load saat simulasi dan analisa dilakukan dengan skenario terjadi kebocoran pada ruang muatnya. Karena kapal dengan kebocoran kompartemen mengalami kondisi trim dan oleng maka hasil gerakan rolling menunjukkan perbedaan pada setiap arah datang gelombang. 3D diffraction panel method digunakan untuk mendapatkan gerakan rolling kapal sebagai fungsi waktu. Hasil penelitian tanpa efek sloshing menunjukkan bahwa kapal bulk carrier memiliki resiko tenggelam jika terdapat kebocoran pada dua ruang muatnya.
Willingness-to-pay for Environmental Services Provided By Trees in Core and Fringe Areas of Benin City, Nigeria 1
Authors: Arabomen O.J. , Chirwa P.W. , Babalola F.D.
Published: March 2019

Economic valuation of environmental services has emerged as a new and more direct argument and incentive for protection of trees and sustenance of environmental quality. This study's aim was to estimate the monetary value for conservation of urban trees and environmental services in Benin City, Nigeria. A Contingent Valuation Method involving a survey of 350 residents was adopted for the study. Flooding and erosion control, scenic beauty, provision of shade and regulation of local temperature received positive rankings and high scores. Thus, an average of US$1.20/month, which yielded an aggregate value of US$1 200 000 to US$1 860 00, was the amount Benin City residents were willing to contribute towards the conservation of trees. This study identified profession, years of residency and indigenous knowledge of ES as significant predictors that can influence willingness-to-pay. The findings provided quantitative data to demonstrate the importance of conserving trees to town planners, forest managers, policy makers and the urban community.
Use of Artificial Neural Networks and Arima to Forecasting Consumption Sawnwood of Pinus sp. in Brazil
Authors: Buratto D.A. , Junior R. Timofeiczyk , Silva J.C.G.L. , Frega J.R. , Wiecheteck M.S.S.A. , Silva C.A.
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study was to analyze the application of an artificial neural networks model and an ARIMA model to predict the consumption of sawnwood of pine. For this, we use real and secondary data collected and obtained from a historical data source, corresponding to the period
from 1997 to 2016, which were later tested to generate the forecast models. Based on economic and statistical criteria, six explanatory variables were used to fit the best model. The choice of the model was made based on Mean Squared Error, Mean Absolute Error, Theil U metric, Percentage Error
of Forecast and Akaike value information criterion. The results indicated that the models generated through the ARIMA model presented better performance when compared to the artificial neural network. The best adjusted model estimated a reduction of 1.33% in consumption of sawnwood of pine
in Brazil for the period between 2017 and 2020.
Evolution in the Enabling Factors for Transformational Change in Forestry and Land Use Policy Processes: The Case Of Redd+ in Cameroon
Authors: Chia E.L. , Hubert D. , Carodenuto S. , Sene O.
Published: March 2019

To mitigate climate change through forestry and land use, countries are expected to shift away from policies and practices that drive deforestation to ones that reduce forest loss. This paper draws on political economy concepts to assess the evolution in the enabling measures for transformational
change in forestry and land use policy processes in Cameroon. The findings indicate that actors have diverse stances on the capacity of existing policy measures to guarantee transformational change. The policy environment has evolved with proposals on institutional arrangements and policy
reforms that are far from concrete reforms as expected. There is significant room for fine-tuning proposed policy and institutional reforms to enable Cameroon respond to its international emission reduction commitments. For example, putting forward clear-cut incentive and regulatory mechanisms;
enhance and create new anti-deforestation coalitions; generate concrete specific/tailored sector ideas and information; and enhance negotiations between sectoral interests. However, these can only be achieved in the long-term with continuous support.
Cryptozoospermia after treatment with clomiphene citrate following long-term use of intramuscular testosterone undecanoate depot injection (Nebido®)
Authors: Grubić Kezele Tanja
Published: March 2019

Objective

To illustrate the importance of treatment duration with intramuscular testosterone undecanoate (Nebido®) for the final spermatogenesis recovery after treatment cessation. Also, to show a subsequent poor efficacy of the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) clomiphene citrate (CC) in treating steroid-induced azoospermia following Nebido® cessation and describe that initial oligozoospermia, existing before starting Nebido®, largely contributes to that treatment outcome.

Methodology

Setting: Department of Human Reproduction and Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, and Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Hospital Center Sestre milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia. Patient: A male patient having been diagnosed with primary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, oligozoospermia and low testosterone (T) level, was treated with intramuscular testosterone undecanoate (TU) depot 1 g (Nebido®) to prevent further progression of testosterone deficiency symptoms (low mood, energy and concentration, fatigue, muscle weakness). Interventions: Stopping Nebido® and treatment with CC 50 mg per day 5 days per week for 3–6 month to recover spermatogenesis. Main outcome measures: T levels and semen analyses.

Results

Semen analyses did not return to values before taking Nebido® 1 year after cessation nor after 3 months of treatment with CC. Values of T, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) dropped even more than before starting Nebido®, after 1 year of cessation.

Conclusions

Here we describe a case of initially idiopathic gonadal failure with subsequent secondary gonadal failure and infertility resulting from testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) treatment, and poor spermatogenesis recovery outcome of CC used post Nebido® cessation.
On a problem of Hasse and Ramachandra
Authors: Koo Ja Kyung , Shin Dong Hwa , Yoon Dong Sung
Published: March 2019

LetKbe an imaginary quadratic field, and let 𝔣 be a nontrivial integral ideal ofK. Hasse and Ramachandra asked whether the ray class field ofKmodulo 𝔣 can be generated by a single value of the Weber function. We completely resolve this question when 𝔣 = (N) for any positive integerNexcluding 2, 3, 4 and 6.
Postharvest Quality of Roses under Different Levels of Nitrogenous Compounds in Holding Solution
Authors: Hatamian Mansoure , Souri Mohammad Kazem
Published: March 2019

Nitrogen (N) forms and N levels can have a great impact on growth and quality of agricultural crops. Postharvest N treatments may also affect the quality of products. This study was conducted under laboratory conditions to evaluate the changes in postharvest quality characteristics of cut roses (Rosa hybrid cv ‘Utopia’) under different nitrogen concentrations of holding solution. Three nitrogen sources including ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate at five concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mgL-1 N) were applied into vases with holding solution. The results showed that low ammonium (5 mg L-1) and high nitrate (20 mgL-1) resulted in the highest leaf SPAD values, whereas the lowest values were recorded for those stems treated with the two highest ammonium concentrations (15 and 20 mg L-1). Leaf and petal relative water contents (RWC) were significantly reduced by higher ammonium concentrations, while they were increased by increasing calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate concentrations in the vase holding solution. Leaf catalase activity was increased by the two lowest (5 and 10 mg L-1) and decreased by the two highest ammonium levels (15 and 20 mg L-1), and it was not affected by the two other nitrogen salts. Higher ammonium levels resulted in a significant increase in leaf proline concentrations and petal ion leakage, whereas nitrate concentrations reduced these two traits. A low concentration of ammonium (5 mg L- 1) increased flower vase life while higher ammonium concentrations reduced the trait. There was also an increasing trend in flower vase life with higher concentrations of both nitrate salts. Therefore, low ammonium or high nitrate levels in vase holding solution can improve vase life quality of cut roses.
La reforma luterana y la transformación de la imagen religiosa en las artes
Authors: Ziegler Delgado María Magdalena
Published: March 2019

Al cumplirse 500 años del emblemático gesto de Martín Lutero en Wittenberg que daría inicio a la Reforma Protestante, se hace necesario estudiar el lugar que las imágenes religiosas tuvieron la nueva visión del Cristianismo a partir de las ideas luteranas. Se analiza la propuesta significativa de dos artistas alemanes, Alberto Durero y Lucas Cranach, el Viejo. Del primero, una obra singular, Los cuatro apóstoles, que recompone y reconfigura la imagen religiosa desde lo devocional hasta lo declarativo, enfatizando la importancia del Evangelio y la palabra en la expresión artística religiosa. Y, del segundo, dos obras que terminan de sellar el nuevo lugar que habrán de ocupar las imágenes religiosas en la Iglesia Luterana, Ley y Evangelio y Cristo bendiciendo los niños, con las cuales Cranach se acerca a la predica luterana y a una visión del imaginario religioso más vinculado a las Escrituras. Sin embargo, en ambos casos es notable la desacralización de la imagen religiosa, en tanto y cuanto ésta pasa a ocupar el lugar de apoyo a la predica, evitando actuar como su sustituto. Se analiza la reconfiguración de la imagen religiosa que le ubica en una esfera distinta a la de la tradición cristiana iniciada con las estipulaciones oficiales del Segundo Concilio de Nicea.
Una aproximación al populismo en la figura de Donald Trump
Authors: Barberá González Rafael , Martín del Fresno Félix
Published: March 2019

Europa y América Latina han sido los escenarios donde el populismo ha crecido con mayor rapidez. Sin embargo, este fenómeno ha ido surgiendo también por otros lugares que parecían no tener esta tradición y tampoco tenían los cimientos para que pudiera crecer. La irrupción de la figura de Donald J. Trump ha hecho que muchos analistas vean que el populismo ha calado en Estados unidos. Aunque este término conlleva una connotación negativa su investigación se ha convertido en actual, creciente y multinacional. En este trabajo se analizará la figura del presidente de Estados Unidos para comprobar si en sus discursos hay enfoques populistas. Y para ello habrá que comprender este concepto, sus diferentes aproximaciones y se deberá conocer cuál es la realidad histórica del populismo en este país.
La comunicación de los partidos políticos en España tras el bipartidismo
Authors: Padilla Castillo Graciela
Published: March 2019

Reseña:

La comunicación de los partidos políticos en España tras el bipartidismo.Eva Aladro Vico y Paula Requeijo Rey (Coords.).Editorial Pearson, Madrid, 2018.
Adrenocortical cancer cell line mutational profile reveals aggressive genetic background
Authors: Nicolson Norman G , Korah Reju , Carling Tobias
Published: March 2019

Adrenocortical carcinomas are rare tumors with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Although widely used as in vitro models to test novel therapeutic strategies, the adrenocortical carcinoma-derived cell lines NCI-H295R and SW-13 have only partially been described genetically. Our aim was to characterize the mutational landscape of these cells to improve their experimental utility and map them to clinical subtypes of adrenocortical carcinoma. Genomic DNA from NCI-H295R and SW-13 cells was subjected to whole-exome sequencing. Variants were filtered for non-synonymous mutations and curated for validated adrenocortical and pan-cancer driver gene mutations. Genes mutated in the cell lines were mapped using gene ontology and protein pathway tools to determine signaling effects and compared to mutational and clinical characteristics of 92 adrenocortical carcinoma cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas. NCI-H295R and SW-13 cells carried 1325 and 1836 non-synonymous variants, respectively. Of these, 61 and 76 were known cancer driver genes, of which 32 were shared between cell lines. Variant interaction analyses demonstrated dominant TP53 dysregulation in both cell lines complemented by distinct WNT (NCI-H295R) and chromatin remodeling (SW-13) pathway perturbations. Both cell lines genetically resemble more aggressive adrenocortical carcinomas with worse prognosis, for which development of targeted therapies is most critical. Careful incorporation of the genetic landscapes outlined in this study will further the in vitro utility of these cell lines in testing for novel therapeutic approaches for adrenocortical malignancy.
Comparing methods to normalize insulin secretion shows the process may not be needed
Authors: Slepchenko Kira G , Corbin Kathryn L , Nunemaker Craig S
Published: March 2019

Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is a well-accepted method to investigate the physiological and pathophysiological function of islets. However, there is little consensus about which method is best for normalizing and presenting GSIS data. In this study, we evaluated the sufficiency of islet area, total protein, total DNA and total insulin content as parameters to normalize GSIS data. First, we tested if there is a linear correlation between each parameter and the number of islets (10, 20, 30 and 40 islets). Islet area, total protein and insulin content produced excellent linear correlations with islet number (R
2 > 0.9 for each) from the same islet material. Insulin secretion in 11 mM glucose also correlated reasonably well for islet area (R
2 = 0.69), protein (R
2 = 0.49) and insulin content (R
2 = 0.58). DNA content was difficult to reliably measure and was excluded from additional comparisons. We next measured GSIS for 18 replicates of 20 islets each, measuring 3 mM and 11 mM glucose to calculate the stimulation index and to compare each normalization parameter. Using these similar islet masses for each replicate, none of the parameters produced linear correlations with GSIS (R
2 < 0.05), suggesting that inherent differences in GSIS dominate small differences in islet mass. We conclude that when comparing GSIS for islets of reasonably similar size (<50% variance), normalization does not improve the representation of GSIS data. Normalization may be beneficial when substantial differences in islet mass are involved. In such situations, we suggest that using islet cross-sectional area is superior to other commonly used techniques for normalizing GSIS data.
Kiterjedt, demarkált pancreas necrosis sebészi kezelése transgastricus necrectomiával
Authors: Balog Klaudia , Csiszkó Adrienn , Krasnyánszky Nóra , Farkas Máté , Berhés Mariann , László István , Palatka Károly , Damjanovich László , Sápy Péter , Szentkereszty Zsolt
Published: March 2019

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés: Akut pancreatitis miatti necrectomiát ideálisan a
betegség kezdetétől számított 4–6. héten javasolt elvégezni, amikor az ún.
demarkált necrosis (walled-off pancreatic necrosis –WOPN) már kialakult. A
szerzők ismertetik a kiterjedt WOPN miatt végzett sebészi transgastricus
necrectomiák során nyert tapasztalataikat. Betegek és módszer:
Kiterjedt WOPN miatt 2012. január 1-től 2017. december 31-ig terjedő időszakban
17 (12 férfi, 5 nő, átlag életkor 64,00 ± 15,14 év) betegnél végeztek sebészi
transgastricus necrectomiát. Valamennyi betegnél a műtétet megelőzően
konzervatív és szemikonzervatív kezelés történt átlagosan 61,00 ± 33,47 napig. A
WOPN mérete átlagosan 14,00 ± 5,23 cm volt és valamennyi esetben a retrocolicus,
retroduodenalis terekbe is beterjedt. A necrosis minden esetben bakteriálisan
kontaminált volt. Eredmények: A műtétekkel kapcsolatos
szövődmény nem volt. Az ápolási napok száma a műtétet követően 10,00 ± 3,08 nap
volt. A mortalitás 5,9% volt. Késői műtét vagy egyéb beavatkozás
pseudocystaképződés, vagy pancreas fistula miatt nem volt. Két betegnél a WOPN
és a gyomor közötti anastomosis-endoszkópos tágítása és öblítése történt lázas
állapot miatt. Frissen kialakult diabetest nem, a meglévő súlyosbodását 6,3%-ban
észleltük. Következtetés: A kiterjedt, fertőzött demarkált
necrosis kezelésében a sebészi transgastricus necrectomia jó eredménnyel
alkalmazható. A műtét előnye, hogy a necrectomia után nem alakulhat ki külső
pancreas sipoly és pseudocysta.
Migraciones y diversidad funcional. Realidad invisible de las mujeres
Authors: Díaz Jimémez Rosa María , De la Fuente Robles Yolanda María , Muñoz Moreno Rocío
Published: March 2019

Ante la invisibilidad de la diversidad funcional en los estudios migratorios y el tímido interés de las migraciones en los estudios sobre discapacidad, este trabajo tiene como objeto hacer visible la diversidad funcional, especialmente a  las mujeres con diversidad funcional en los procesos migratorios. A partir del análisis del material bibliográfico se explora la producción científica sobre las mujeres con discapacidad migrantes mediante una revisión sistematizada del fenómeno. Se perfila cierta tipología de personas que interactúan con la discapacidad y la migración: personas con discapacidad que realizan la migración; personas adultas que han accedido a la situación de discapacidad después del proceso migratorio o asociado al mismo y menores que acompañados por sus familias migran para buscar mejores sistemas de protección social que apoyen su discapacidad.
Los procesos judiciales por líos amorosos entre amos y esclavas en el Nuevo Reino de Granada en el periodo colonial: inequidades, estrategias y oportunidades
Authors: Pita Pico Roger
Published: March 2019

El propósito de este artículo consiste en presentar tanto cualitativa como cuantitativamente los resultados de un trabajo de investigación sobre los juicios civiles y criminales desarrollados en el Nuevo Reino de Granada durante el periodo de dominio hispánico con relación a los vínculos sentimentales entre amos y esclavas. Con este estudio de carácter historiográfico se pretende auscultar las dificultades que experimentaron los esclavos en sus demandas y las estrategias aplicadas por los amos en los estrados para eludir responsabilidades. En últimas, se pudo demostrar cómo la población esclava en medio de tantos obstáculos logró apropiarse de los recursos legales y judiciales existentes para reivindicar sus derechos sociales y sentimentales.
ANALYSIS OF 3D SEMI-ELLIPTICAL CRACK ON REACTOR PRESSURE VESSEL WALL WITH LOAD STRESS AND CRACK RATIO
Authors: Susmikanti Mike , Himawan Roziq , Hartini Entin , Rokhmadi Rokhmadi
Published: March 2019

Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) wall is an important component in the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). During reactor operation, RPV is subjected to high temperature, pressure, and neutron exposure. This condition could lead to RPV structure failure. In order to assure the integrity of RPV during the reactor lifetime, it is mandatory to perform a structural integrity assessment of RPV by evaluating postulated crack in RPV. In the previous study, the crack has evaluated in 2-D. However, 3-D analysis of semi-elliptic crack shape in the surface of the thick plate for RPV wall using SA 508 Steel is yet to be analyzed. The objective of this study is to analyze and modeling the evaluation in variation crack ratio with some load stress in 3-D. The Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) and J-integral are used as crack parameter. The J-Integral were calculated using MSC MARC MENTAT based on Finite Element Method (FEM) for obtaining the SIF value. The inputs are a crack ratio, load stress, material property, and geometry. The modeling of SIF value and goodness of fit are using MINITAB. The fracture condition could be predicted in comparison to the SIF value and fracture toughness. For the load stress 70 MPa and 80 MPa, with a crack ratio 0.25, 0.33 and 0.5,  the material on RPV wall will in fracture condition.Keywords: Semi elliptic surface crack, 3-dimension, reactor pressure vessel, elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, J-integral
RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY AND PURIFICATION PUMPS IN RSG-GAS USING MONTE CARLO SIMULATION APPROACH
Authors: Hartini Entin , Adrial Hery , Pujiarta Santosa
Published: March 2019

Reliability and maintenance play an important role in ensuring successful operation of a system. Reliability analysis is often used to determine the probability whether or not a system is functioning. However, limited available data and information are causing uncertainties and inaccuracies on component parameters. The purpose of this study is to conduct component/system reliability analysis using Monte Carlo simulation-based method. This method enables us to estimate the reliability of components/systems including parameter uncertainty and imprecision. It is also useful to predict and evaluate maintenance decisions related to reliability. Monte Carlo method employs random number generation based on the probability of the distribution of processed data, of which then validated with real available data to ensure the simulation condition is relatively similar to real-life condition. The data used in this research is failure data on RSG-GAS components/systems for core configuration number of 81 to 95, accumulated from year 2013 to 2018. The results show that reliability values of components JE01/AP01-02 on TTF 233.619 is 0.579 while for components KBE01/AP-01-02 in TTF 185.38 is 0.368.The component reliability value is 60%, which implies that maintenance may be performed after 225 days and 100 days for componentsJE01/AP01-02 and KBE01/AP01-02, respectively.Keywords: Reliability, Monte Carlo, Component damage, RSG-GAS
ÖZ BİLİNÇ PSİKO-EĞİTİM PROGRAMININ ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ÖZ BİLİNÇ DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: Alkal Ahmet , Akça Mehmet Şirin , Korkmaz Ozan
Published: March 2019

Bu
araştırma, öz bilinç psiko-eğitim programının üniversite öğrencilerinin öz
bilinç düzeylerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın
amacına uygun olarak
2x3’lük split-plot (deney-kontrol grubu x ön-test/son-test/izleme-testi) faktöriyel
desen kullanılmış, seçkisiz olarak 10’ar kişilik deney ve kontrol grupları
oluşturulmuştur. Deney grubundaki öğrencilere, araştırmacılar tarafından
geliştirilen her biri 90 dakika süren 10 oturumluk öz bilinç psiko-eğitim
programı uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubundaki öğrencilere herhangi bir uygulama
yapılmamıştır.  Katılımcıların öz bilinç
düzeyleri ‘Öz Bilinç Ölçeği’ ile belirlenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde, karışık
desenler için iki Faktörlü ANOVA analizi ve farkın kaynağını belirlemek
amacıyla da Benferroni testi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda,
uygulanan psiko-eğitim programının deney grubunda bulunan katılımcıların öz
bilinç düzeylerini yükseltmede etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca on hafta sonra
alınan izleme ölçümlerinde, bu etkinin öz bilinç bağlamında devam ettiği
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bulgular alan yazın doğrultusunda tartışılmış, alanda
çalışan uzmanlar için ve ilerde yapılacak çalışmalara yönelik önerilerde
bulunulmuştur.
Elevated LVEDP, Chronic Pulmonary Oedema and Valve Disease
Authors: Banerjee Prithwish
Published: March 2019

As part of ageing and with increased longevity of older people there has been a rise of those with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease and others appear to be contributing to this .  Chronic interstitial pulmonary oedema may be a part of the presentation of those with elevated LVEDP/LVDD. Progressive valvular heart disease may also complicate the picture and make clinical decision-making difficult. This case report discusses these issues.
Göl Soğanı Çoğaltımında Sakkaroz Oranlarının Etkisi
Authors: KAHRAMAN Özgür
Published: March 2019

Leucojum aestivum L. doğal çiçek soğanları
içinde ihracatına üretimden kota sınırlaması ile izin verilen türlerden
birisidir. Yönetmelikle soğan çevre uzunluğu 7.5 cm üzerindeki göl soğanlarının
ihracatına izin verilmektedir. Çoğaltmadan elde edilen yavru soğanların kısa
sürede soğan çevre uzunluğunun arttırılması doğal yayılış gösteren göl
soğanların korunması yönünden önemlidir. Bu çalışma, göl soğanı üretiminde farklı
sakkaroz oranlarının yavru soğan oluşumu ve gelişimi üzerine etkilerini
saptamak için gerçekleştirilmiştir. 8.5 cm çevre uzunluğuna sahip göl soğanları
temizlendikten sonra boylamasına dört parçaya bölünmüş. Elde edilen parçacıklar
3 litre perlitle dolu siyah plastik torbalara yerleştirilmiş ve üzerine 2 litre
perlit ilave edilmiştir. Her torbada 10 parçacık yer almıştır. Torbalara musluk
suyu (kontrol), % 1 sakkaroz ve % 2 sakkaroz içeren sulama suyu verilmiş ve
parçacıklar 12 hafta inkübasyonda tutulmuştur. İnkübasyon sonrasında; farklı
sakkaroz oranlarının yavru soğan oluşturma oranı, yavru soğan boyu, yavru soğan
çapı, yavru soğan ağırlığı, yavru soğan sayısı, kök sayısı ve kök çapı üzerine
etkisi önemsiz bulunurken, kök uzunluğu üzerine etkisi % 95 güvenle önemli
bulunmuştur. Yavru soğan ağırlığı 1.07 g ile 1.23 g, yavru soğan çapı 8.67 mm
ile 9.37 mm arasında elde edilmiştir. En yüksek kök uzunluğu (30.39 mm) % 1
sakkaroz uygulamasında gerçekleşmiştir.