bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ĐÁNH GIÁ TÌNH HÌNH ĐĂNG KÝ BIẾN ĐỘNG ĐẤT ĐAI VÀ CÔNG TÁC CẬP NHẬT, CHỈNH LÝ HỒ SƠ ĐỊA CHÍNH TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN HUYỆN BA VÌ, THÀNH PHỐ HÀ NỘI
Authors: Hiền Vũ Thị Thu
Published: October 2024

Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá và đề xuất giải pháp nâng cao hiệu quả công tác đăng ký biến động đất đai và cập nhật, chỉnh lý hồ sơ địa chính trên địa bàn huyện Ba Vì, thành phố Hà Nội. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy trong giai đoạn 2021 - 2023, toàn huyện tiếp nhận 24.058 hồ sơ đăng ký biến động đất đai, đã giải quyết được 23.787 hồ sơ đạt tỷ lệ cao là 98,87 %; Phần lớn người dân đánh giá cao về thủ tục thực hiện đăng ký biến động đất đai, với 33,0 % đánh giá mức đơn giản; 58,0 % đánh giá ở mức bình thường. Tuy nhiên, các hồ sơ biến động được cập nhật và chỉnh lý nhưng chưa đầy đủ, kịp thời, tốc độ còn chậm dẫn đến hồ sơ địa chính chưa đồng bộ và đảm bảo tính thống nhất, chưa được cập nhật thường xuyên, chưa phù hợp với hiện trạng sử dụng đất. Đặc biệt là đến nay trên địa bàn huyện chưa có hệ thống bản đồ địa chính được nghiệm thu, bàn giao sử dụng; Chưa hoàn thành xây dựng cơ sở dữ liệu đất đai,... Trên cơ sở đó, tác giả đề xuất các giải pháp nhằm tháo gỡ những khó khăn, vướng mắc và nâng cao hiệu quả công tác đăng ký biến động đất đai; Công tác cập nhật, chỉnh lý hồ sơ địa chính trên địa bàn huyện Ba Vì, thành phố Hà Nội.
XÂY DỰNG BỘ TIÊU CHÍ KIỂM TRA, ĐÁNH GIÁ CÔNG TÁC ĐỊNH GIÁ ĐẤT CỤ THỂ TẠI ĐỊA PHƯƠNG
Authors: Then Bùi Thị , Ngọc Bùi Thị Cẩm , Hằng Đặng Thu
Published: October 2024

Luật Đất đai 2024 có hiệu từ ngày 01/8/2024 đưa ra nhiều thay đổi trong lĩnh vực quản lý đất đai, đặc biệt là vấn đề giá đất và định giá đất. Luật Đất đai 2024 bỏ quy định khung giá đất, có những thay đổi với việc xây dựng bảng giá đất và định giá đất cho các trường hợp cụ thể. Hiện nay, công tác định giá đất cụ thể đang được quan tâm vì việc định giá đất từng trường hợp cụ thể ảnh hưởng lớn đến quá trình giao đất, cho thuê đất, đấu giá quyền sử dụng đất. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện để xây dựng bộ tiêu chí kiểm tra, đánh giá công tác định giá đất cụ thể tại địa phương trên cơ sở ứng dụng mô hình hồi quy tuyến tính đa biến và phương pháp AHP. Nghiên cứu tiến hành điều tra 180 cán bộ tại các địa phương Quảng Ninh, Hải Phòng, Hải Dương để thực hiện phân tích hồi quy tuyến tính đa biến. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy, nhóm tiêu chí phương pháp định giá đất có ảnh hưởng nhiều nhất đến kiểm tra, đánh giá việc định giá đất cụ thể với đóng góp 34,8 %, nhóm tiêu chí tổ chức tư vấn xác định giá với tỷ lệ là 24,9 %, nhóm tiêu chí đánh giá định giá đất cụ thể chiếm 24,5 %, nhóm tiêu chí đánh giá việc tuân thủ nguyên tắc chiếm 10,5 % và nhóm tiêu chí về cơ sở hạ tầng vật chất chiếm tỷ trọng thấp nhất là 5,4 %. Từ việc phân tích hồi quy tuyến tính đa biến và phương pháp AHP cho ra được bộ tiêu chí kiểm tra, đánh giá việc định giá đất cụ thể tại địa phương với số điểm chi tiết cho các nhóm tiêu chí khi đánh giá. Bộ tiêu chí kiểm tra, đánh giá công tác định giá đất cụ thể sẽ giúp công tác định giá đất cụ thể tại các địa phương ngày càng chính xác và phù hợp với thị trường hơn.
THEO DÕI BIẾN ĐỘNG SỬ DỤNG ĐẤT HUYỆN GIA LÂM, THÀNH PHỐ HÀ NỘI GIAI ĐOẠN 2018 - 2023
Authors: Tuấn Phạm Anh
Published: October 2024

Nghiên cứu sử dụng thuật toán học máy Random Forest (RF) thực hiện việc phân loại, giám sát các lớp phủ bề mặt sử dụng đất tại khu vực Gia Lâm, Hà Nội giai đoạn 2018 - 2023. Kết quả biến động các loại hình sử dụng đất tại khu vực nghiên cứu được thể hiện rõ qua từng năm. Trong đó, tốc độ suy giảm trung bình hàng năm của lớp đất trống là 0,51 % ngược lại, tốc độ tăng trung bình của các khu vực dân cư đạt tới 1,80 % so với tổng diện tích tự nhiên của khu vực Gia Lâm.
The Case of Cogtong’s Timori: Features, Usage and Vitality
Authors: Malon Jake , Rojo Joshua , Fuderanan Benjean , Deguit Elenita , Tadena Lorena
Published: October 2024

Language is a dynamic and ever-evolving entity crafted by human necessity, but its intricacies can fade into obscurity if not meticulously documented and preserved. This case study was employed to gain a deep understanding of the research design inherent in the data, which focuses on exploring the linguistic intricacies of Cogtong's Timori language. This looks into its distinctive features regarding phonology, morphological and lexical blends, and syntax. Through in-depth interviews and observations, key informants shed light on Timori's multifaceted usage, encompassing family, educational, and workplace communication. Additionally, it unveils Timori's historical role as a secret code during World War II, a means for discreetly poking fun at others, and a stealthy language for sharing gossip. Despite its vitality within the Cogtong community, Timori remains confined to this locality, facing a dearth of comprehensive written documentation and formal language promotion efforts. To safeguard this unique linguistic heritage of this community, recommendations are proposed, including the need for comprehensive language documentation, the implementation of bilingual education programs, public promotion initiatives, and advocacy for language policies. Timori's significance lies in its ability to connect people through culture and identity, underscoring the necessity of concerted efforts to ensure its continued vitality for future generations.
WHEN IP MEETS NFTs: THE CASE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION FOR NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS
Authors: Chinmay
Published: October 2024

The world has seen enormous disruption by new age technologies in every domain of today's economy including the arena of art, music and entertainment. Furthermore, the impact of artificial intelligence and blockchain technology particularly the Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) has overwhelmed scholars about their understanding of laws related to intellectual property. Advances in technology are expanding the scope of intellectual property beyond traditional patents, trademarks, designs, trade secrets, plant breeders' rights, and more. Various issues related to intellectual property have taken centre stage in the world of NFTs and Blockchains. Intellectual property disputes over virtual goods and NFTs are on the rise, and countries across the world are endeavoring to address the issues related to the protection of virtual goods. This article analyses the nature and scope of protection granted to virtual goods and NFTs in major jurisdictions viz the US and China. Further, the article analyses if the provisions of  Indian IP Laws particularly the Trademarks and Designs Acts are sufficient to grant protection to the virtual goods.
A workshop for parents and carers of children on the autism spectrum: Managing Angry Behavior
Authors: Moran Heather
Published: October 2024

The Managing Angry Behavior parent workshop is run in a UK city-based community service for children with autism (without learning disability) which receives frequent referrals for children with aggressive behavior. This paper illustrates one way of helping their parents[7] using an approach based on behavior therapy and Personal Construct Psychology. It has run in the current format 17 times since September 2014. The group aims to help parents to understand their child’s behavior and how they might encourage more appropriate expressions of anger.
What game are we playing? Knowing, learning and changing with children
Authors: Bendinelli Gabriele , Lui Chiara
Published: October 2024

Starting from a brief excursus about how various psychological theories treated the theme of child’s play, this work is aimed to go beyond the realistic dichotomy between fantasy and rationality. Constructivist’s assumptions and procedural perspective drive us to explore play as a tool in children’s hands, through which they can know, understand and give sense to their experiences. This approach leads us, as psychotherapists and consultants, to construe their construing processes, inviting us to adopt children’s language of play and practice sociality towards them.
System Design and Development of a Novel, Unique Neuro Physical Medical Treatment Method for Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Similar Neurological Muscle Diseases.
Authors: ELMAS Emin Taner
Published: October 2024

The project is entirely original to the author. It proposes the theory of a method under development aimed at treating SMA and other related neurological muscle disorders
The study will utilize a 14-channel EEG device to analyze brain data. The brain signals recorded by this device will be transmitted to the patient's muscles, potentially restoring functions lost in SMA patients. These functions include coughing, swallowing, breathing, chewing, walking, and movements of the hands, arms, and other muscles. By using this EEG device, brain signals can be visualized as waves, and its specialized software allows users to manipulate objects on a computer screen with thought alone. The system also simulates facial movements and expressions on-screen
Terapias Neurocirúrgicas para Tumores Cerebrais Gliomatosos: Comparação entre Ressecção Convencional e Abordagens Guiadas por Imagem
Authors: Lima Andressa Bianca Reis , Pinheiro Lays dos Santos , Uchoa Luciana Lopes , Silva Samile Cristina Leite da , Ferraz Ariadne dos Santos , Neto Martim Tiago de Sousa , Noronha Maria Helane , Costa Claudio Kelvin Pedrosa , Brito Lucas Soares , Silva Vitória Silveira da , Cunha Narcizo Cordova , Enderle Gabriel Langhammer
Published: October 2024

Os gliomas cerebrais, particularmente os de alto grau, representam um desafio significativo na neurocirurgia devido à sua agressividade e impacto na sobrevida dos pacientes. Este estudo revisa as principais terapias neurocirúrgicas no tratamento de tumores gliomatosos, comparando a ressecção convencional com as abordagens mais recentes guiadas por imagem, como a ressonância magnética intraoperatória (iMRI) e a neuronavegação. A análise, baseada em literatura de 2013 a 2023, demonstra que as técnicas guiadas por imagem oferecem vantagens claras, incluindo maior taxa de ressecção tumoral, menor risco de recorrência e melhores desfechos clínicos. Embora as técnicas tradicionais ainda sejam amplamente utilizadas e eficazes, as abordagens guiadas por imagem se destacam na preservação das funções neurológicas e na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A adoção de tecnologias mais avançadas, como a cirurgia robótica, e o aprimoramento das ferramentas de imagem intraoperatória podem representar o futuro das intervenções neurocirúrgicas. A escolha da abordagem mais adequada deve levar em consideração a complexidade do tumor, os recursos disponíveis e a experiência da equipe cirúrgica, com foco na personalização do tratamento para maximizar os benefícios ao paciente.
Repercussões neurológicas da deficiência materna de vitamina B12 na infância
Authors: Carneiro Monalyza Pontes , Morais Maria Clara de Sousa , Turbano Myrella Evelyn Nunes , Turbano Mylla Christie Nunes , Turbano Yuri Samuel Nunes , Silva Mariana Maria da , Leal Marcus César Leandro da Silva , Henriques Carolina Gianoto , Menezes Letícia Maria Santos de , Santos Bruna Gonçalves dos , Santos Sarah Lisboa dos , Silva Rony Kesley Lima , Aguiar Alberto Ferreira Rocha de
Published: October 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: A vitamina B12, conhecida como cobalamina, representa um dos oito tipos de vitaminas do complexo B, é essencial para saúde humana, pois participa na síntese de ácidos nucleicos, eritrócitos e na manutenção dos níveis de mielina. A deficiência de vitamina B12 em bebês que são alimentados exclusivamente de leite maternos de mães veganas possuem maior associação com atraso neurológico, associado a alterações hematológicas, como pancitopenia ou apenas megaloblastose. OBJETIVOS: Investigar e analisar as repercussões neurológicas associadas à deficiência materna de vitamina B12 durante a infância.  METODOLOGIA: O presente estudo se trata de uma pesquisa de avaliação bibliográfica, por meio de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, de abordagem qualitativa e um estudo retrospectivo. Nesse Sentido, para o alcance do objetivo proposto, foi realizada pesquisas de artigos científicos através de bases de dados com o PubMed/MedLine (National Library of Medicine), Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online) e Cochane Library entre os anos de 2018 a 2023. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Foram selecionados 5 artigos, no qual observou se que a deficiência materna de vitamina B12 está relacionada ao maior risco de complicações comuns da gravidez, incluindo aborto espontâneo, aborto recorrente, defeitos do tubo neural, restrição de crescimento intrauterino, com feto pequeno para a idade gestacional e baixo peso ao nascer. Além disso, as manifestações típicas da deficiência de vitamina B12 em crianças incluem falha no desenvolvimento do cérebro e no crescimento e desenvolvimento geral, hipotonia, dificuldades de alimentação, tremores, hiperirritabilidade e até mesmo coma, sendo que imagens do cérebro podem revelar   atrofia e atrasos na mielinização. CONCLUSÃO: A conscientização sobre a importância da vitamina B12 durante a gestação e a infância, juntamente com medidas preventivas, como a suplementação adequada, são essenciais para garantir um desenvolvimento neurológico ótimo e reduzir o risco de complicações neurológicas ao longo da vida.
The impact of Job Empowerment on Organizational Culture. Case Study of ASME Integrated Solutions in Egypt
Authors: Masood Ramadan
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to: To demonstrate the impact of Job empowerment on organizational culture, Case study: ASME Integrated Solutions Company in the Arab Republic of Egypt, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach and the questionnaire as the main tool for collecting data. It included 40 items to collect primary data, The study population consisted of all employees at ASME Integrated Solutions Company in the Arab Republic of Egypt, whose number is (50) employees, the researcher used the comprehensive survey method due to the small size of the study community, and a sample of 48 items was retrieved with a recovery rate of 96%.The dimensions of the independent variable in job empowerment were studied, which were: delegation of powers, independence, participation in decision-making, and access to information. The study concluded with results: There is a statistically significant impact at the level (α ≤ 0.05) for job empowerment on the organizational culture of employees at ASME Integrated Solutions Company in the Arab Republic of Egypt, where job empowerment obtained a percentage of (83.8%), and participation in decision-making obtained the highest percentage of (86%), and Organizational culture at a percentage of (85.6%), and the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences at a significance level (α ≤ 0.05) between the average responses of the study sample members at ASME Integrated Solutions Company in the Arab Republic of Egypt regarding the study variables (job empowerment and organizational culture) attributed to demographic and personal variables: (gender, age group, years of service, educational qualification, job title). The study recommended enhancing the delegation of powers and responsibilities to employees, improving employee performance and helping them keep pace with technological developments and changes in the work environment. It also emphasized encouraging and supporting independence and creating effective communication channels, in addition to enhancing shared values and a unified vision and encouraging innovation and creativity as part of the organizational culture.
Symbolic Representation in the Traditional Ceremony at the Benuaq Dayak of East Kalimantan in Korrie Layun Rampan’s Ceremony Novel
Authors: Muhajir Fatimah M
Published: October 2024

Benuaq Dayak is an ethnic group originating from Kutai Kertanegara, East Kalimantan. The uniqueness of the Benuaq Dayak community traditions is represented in a novel entitled Ceremony written by Korrie Layun Rampan. This novel displays the cultural background of the Dayak people in the interior of Kalimantan. It describes a series of ceremonies performed by the Dayak people in their social life. Various traditional ceremonies in this tribe still exist today. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method and uses symbolic theory to examine the meaning of several features of Benuaq Dayak traditional ceremonies. The results of the study show several kinds of symbolic features in ceremonies such as: Balian dance presents symbolic meanings as a form of hope, Kewangkey ceremony represents social esteem. Nalin Taun embodies the purification of the soul and forgiveness of sins, the last one is  Pelulung or marriage ceremony which is followed by a gantar which symbolizes happiness and a symbol of friendship between the two villages.
In-situ Rotary Cutting System for Estimating the Mechanical Parameters of Rock Masses
Authors: He Liang
Published: October 2024

A rock mass in-situ rotary cutting test system (RMIRCS) was developed to estimate the mechanical properties (i.e. compressive strength and elastic modulus) of rock masses. The pressure-on-bit and torque-on-bit of the RMIRCS were investigated in detail over a wide range of revolution speed and penetration rate. A simple experimental model is proposed to describe the qualitative relationships between rotary cutting test data and mechanical parameters. The existence of a linear constraint between pressure-on-bit and torque-on-bit and the depth of rotary cutting exhibits good agreement with the proposed model. The mechanical properties obtained from the quasi-static compression tests were in agreement with those of the RMIRCS at lower revolutions rate of 300 rpm and 350 rpm, which suggests that the developed RMIRCS is valid. Furthermore, the experimental test results on rock mass demonstrated that the mechanical properties of rock masses are revolutions speed-dependent and drilling rate-dependent.
Polarizing Uses of Older Age
Authors: Wohlmann Anita
Published: October 2024

The Forum in Issue 8 of Age, Culture, Humanities is dedicated to the timely topic of the 2024 US American presidential elections, where the role of older age has loomed over the campaign. We invited distinguished colleagues from the USA, Canada, and Denmark to contribute short comments and reflections from an age studies perspective. Eight of them accepted, despite the short deadline, and their essays were published in instalments from mid-April to mid-July 2024. 
In this introduction, I expand on one topic that popped up again and again, namely the polarizing tendencies many observed in the current discourse. I ask:  What is the role of age in the context of polarization?
Improved electro-mechanical model and energy conversion efficiency analysis of pulsed plasma thrusters
Authors: Yang Nan-Nan , Wang Shang-Min , Zhang Jia-Liang , Wen Xiao-Qiong , Zhao Kai ,   Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China,   Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
Published: October 2024

The primary electro-mechanical model is developed for the acceleration kinetics of electromagnetic railguns. Pulsed plasma thrusters (PPTs), whose operation principle is similar to that of electromagnetic railguns, generate thrust via electromagnetic acceleration of plasma. Therefore, the electro-mechanical model serves as a valuable analytical tool to explore the mechanisms of energy conversion and thrust generation of PPTs. In fact, a PPT initiates discharge at its propellant surface and then ejects the discharged channel away to form accelerated plume. During the acceleration, the plasma channel assumes a curved shape, which is different from the flat sheet shape. The curved geometric shape of PPT discharge channel makes the flat current sheet model currently used in the electro-mechanical models inherently flawed. In this paper, a two-dimensional (2D) curved current sheet model is proposed to improve the PPT electro-mechanical model, by referring to the curved morphology of PPT discharge plasma channels. No matter what is the real geometry of the 2D current sheet, the Ampere force on discharge plasma channels and corresponding kinetics can be derived to obtain final kinetic energy of discharge plasma channels. As a result, the relation between the kinetic energy and the inductance of PPT discharge circuit is obtained and expressed as \begin{document}$ {E}_{{\mathrm{k}}}=\displaystyle\int _{0}^{{t}_{{\mathrm{e}}{\mathrm{n}}{\mathrm{d}}}}{i\left(t\right)}^{2}\frac{{\mathrm{d}}{L}_{{\mathrm{e}}{\mathrm{q}}}\left(t\right)}{{\mathrm{d}}t}{\mathrm{d}}t $\end{document}. To determine the inductance as a temporal function, an algorithm for the inductance is proposed in which time-segment fitting of PPT discharge waveforms is adopted. Moreover, based on the temporal function of the inductance, PPT discharge waveforms can be simulated by using the ODE45 solver of MATLAB with high fitting goodness. So far, a calculation scheme for the kinetic energy of PPT plumes and simulation code for PPT discharge waveforms have set up based on the improved electro-mechanical model. To verify the improved model and the corresponding calculation scheme, the PPT prototype is used to evaluate its energy conversion efficiency. The results show that the model enables elucidating the low PPT electro-mechanical efficiency, which is attributed to the partition limitation of PPT energy to electromagnetic acceleration process. Accordingly, a possible exploration routine for elevating PPT electro-mechanical efficiency is suggested.
Projections from thalamic nucleus reuniens to hippocampal CA1 area participate in context fear extinction by affecting extinction-induced molecular remodeling of excitatory synapses
Authors: Ziółkowska Magdalena , Sotoudeh Narges , Cały Anna , Puchalska Monika , Pagano Roberto , Śliwińska Małgorzata Alicja , Salamian Ahmad , Radwanska Kasia
Published: October 2024

The ability to extinguish contextual fear in a changing environment is crucial for animal survival. Recent data support the role of the thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) and its projections to the dorsal hippocampal CA1 area (RE→dCA1) in this process. However, it remains poorly understood how RE impacts dCA1 neurons during contextual fear extinction (CFE). Here, we reveal that the RE→dCA1 pathway contributes to the consolidation of CFE memory by affecting CFE-induced molecular remodeling of excitatory synapses. Anatomical tracing and chemogenetic manipulation in mice demonstrate that RE neurons form synapses and regulate synaptic transmission in the stratum oriens (SO) and lacunosum-moleculare (SLM) of the dCA1 area, but not in the stratum radiatum (SR). We also observe CFE-specific structural changes of excitatory synapses and expression of the synaptic scaffold protein, PSD-95, in both strata innervated by RE, but not in SR. Interestingly, only the changes in SLM are specific for the dendrites innervated by RE. To further support the role of the RE→dCA1 projection in CFE, we demonstrate that brief chemogenetic inhibition of the RE→dCA1 pathway during a CFE session persistently impairs the formation of CFE memory and CFE-induced changes of PSD-95 levels in SLM. Thus, our data indicate that RE participates in the consolidation of CFE memory by regulating CFE-induced molecular remodeling of dCA1 synapses.
Alasemenia, the earliest ovule with three wings and without cupule
Authors: Wang Deming , Yang Jiangnan , Liu Le , Zhou Yi , Xu Peng , Qin Min , Huang Pu
Published: October 2024

The ovules or seeds (fertilized ovules) with wings are widespread and especially important for wind dispersal. However, the earliest ovules in the Famennian of the Late Devonian are rarely known about the dispersal syndrome and usually surrounded by a cupule. From Xinhang, Anhui, China, we now report a new taxon of Famennian ovules, Alasemenia tria gen. et sp. nov. Each ovule of this taxon possesses three integumentary wings evidently extending outwards, folding inwards along abaxial side and enclosing most part of nucellus. The ovule is borne terminally on smooth dichotomous branches and lacks a cupule. Alasemenia suggests that the integuments of the earliest ovules without a cupule evolved functions in probable photosynthetic nutrition and wind dispersal. It indicates that the seed wing originated earlier than other wind dispersal mechanisms such as seed plume and pappus, and that three- or four-winged seeds were followed by seeds with less wings. Mathematical analysis shows that three-winged seeds are more adapted to wind dispersal than seeds with one, two or four wings under the same condition.
LPS-induced systemic inflammation is suppressed by the PDZ motif peptide of ZO-1 via regulation of macrophage M1/M2 polarization
Authors: Lee Hyun-Chae , Park Sun-Hee , Jeong Hye Min , Shin Goeun , Lim Sung In , Kim Jeongtae , Shim Jaewon , Park Yeong-Min , Song Kyoung Seob
Published: October 2024

The gram-negative bacterium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is frequently administered to generate models of systemic inflammation. However, there are several side effects and no effective treatment for LPS-induced systemic inflammation. PEGylated PDZ peptide based on zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was analyzed for its effects on systemic inflammation induced by LPS. PDZ peptide administration led to the restoration of tissue injuries (kidney, liver, and lung) and prevented alterations in biochemical plasma markers. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was significantly decreased in the plasma and lung BALF in the PDZ-administered mice. Flow cytometry analysis revealed the PDZ peptide significantly inhibited inflammation, mainly by decreasing the population of M1 macrophages, and neutrophils (immature and mature), and increasing M2 macrophages. Using RNA sequencing analysis, the expression levels of the NF-κB-related proteins were lower in PDZ-treated cells than in LPS-treated cells. In addition, wild-type PDZ peptide significantly increased mitochondrial membrane integrity and decreased LPS-induced mitochondria fission. Interestingly, PDZ peptide dramatically could reduce LPS-induced NF-κB signaling, ROS production, and the expression of M1 macrophage marker proteins, but increased the expression of M2 macrophage marker proteins. These results indicated that PEGylated PDZ peptide inhibits LPS-induced systemic inflammation, reducing tissue injuries and reestablishing homeostasis, and may be a therapeutic candidate against systemic inflammation.
Shaping New Homelands
Authors: Carroll Clint
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the colonial politics of land relations and management in the Cherokee Nation. It focuses on the character and legal status of land for Indigenous nations in the United States. The Nation's development and adaptation of practices and laws primarily sought to manage and protect their new territory in the face of continued settler colonial encroachment and internal conflict. The chapter considers land to be a relation and a field on which relationships play out across political, material, philosophical, and spiritual registers. It explains that indigenous land management in a settler colonial context must reconcile numerous overlapping and conflicting understandings of land that manifest in both exogenous and endogenous articulations and practices.
People, Livelihoods, and Contested Meanings of Land in Tanzania
Authors: Sulle Emmanuel , Mbunda Richard
Published: October 2024

This chapter correlates the interplay of people, livelihoods, and contested meanings of land in Tanzania. It details the significance of Mwalimu Nyerere, who believed land as the primary asset for development for present and future generations. While Nyerere's successors maintained some elements of his policies, they embraced various reforms championed by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, including the privatization of state assets. The chapter examines the contrasting views on the use of land among rural people and state bureaucrats while highlighting land conflicts and investments as political hotspots. It explains that individual land titling is likely to face backlash, and it may have significant ramifications for communities that are much more used to communal use of land resources.
Dances with Lairds
Authors: Shields Kirsteen
Published: October 2024

This chapter examines the dramatic change in land governance in parts of Scotland. It discusses the possibility of challenging consolidated land ownership in a region where extreme inequality in land ownership has long prevailed. Scotland offers important insights into both land struggles and the international human rights movement. The key aspects of the Scotland case as key to the success of land reform legislative change include the memory and legacy of land loss, and the Scottish Parliament's reconceptualization of the relationship between land, property, and human rights. The approach to human rights integration within Scottish land legislation represents a rebalancing of rights relationships.
Awareness and Safety as a Daily Practice
Authors: Butler Amy
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes an autumn morning on an Educating Children Outdoors (ECO) Day, eight weeks into the school year, where the forest floor is blanketed with fallen leaves. Opting for a new location under the sheltering boughs of eastern hemlocks, the children and teachers seamlessly adapted their routines. The chapter notes the children's engagement in safety protocols and exploration of the unfamiliar grove, mentioning one student who hesitated due to personal fears rooted in community issues. The chapter explains how a supportive environment was fostered to allow a student to overcome apprehension and join her peers in joyful exploration. This transformative experience highlights the profound impact of outdoor education in nurturing resilience and connection among students, even in the face of personal challenges.
Welcome to the Outdoors, Welcome to Nature
Authors: Butler Amy
Published: October 2024

This chapter marks a pivotal moment as the school year settles into routine, and the transition from summer to autumn unfolds. Inside the classroom, students eagerly await their weekly outdoor learning session amidst the stuffy air, longing for the vibrant world outside. The chapter describes the students' enthusiasm for hands-on science and nature activities that resonates throughout the room, echoing their teachers' preparedness to guide them beyond the classroom walls. The chapter sets the stage for engaging outdoor lessons that foster community, inquiry, and empathy. It highlights how initial experiences aim to build confidence among the students and teachers alike, laying a solid groundwork for deeper learning and exploration in subsequent units.
Build It and They Will Come
Authors: Hart Harriet
Published: October 2024

This chapter addresses the common question, “Do we let them play with sticks?” by exploring the benefits and safe practices of stick play in the classroom. The chapter provides lessons that break down the barriers of “no playing with sticks” and demonstrates how allowing children to engage with sticks can aid in their physical, social, and emotional development. By scaffolding stick play safely, teachers can meet their comfort levels while observing the positive outcomes, such as enhanced problem-solving skills, spatial awareness, and physical abilities. The chapter emphasizes that stick play fosters self-awareness and concentration, encouraging children to construct their world through natural objects. It suggests that stick play is an essential and beneficial part of outdoor learning.
Afterword
Authors: Butler Amy
Published: October 2024

This chapter reflects the transformative process of Educating Children Outdoors (ECO), which is likened to the stages of instars in an insect's life cycle. Each phase of development was marked by growth and change, often unnoticed but crucial, much like the molting and evolving of larvae into mature insects. The chapter notes the collaborative effort of twenty-two teachers and artists who contributed to the creation of ECO, symbolizing the interdependence of a healthy ecosystem. The chapter recounts how ECO emerged from the shared vision and dedication of educators and community members in Vermont, emphasizing the importance of building sustainable and equitable nature-based programs. It promotes ECO to inspire others to foster strong, healthy relationships with nature, encouraging the integration of outdoor learning into formal education to nurture resilience and connection in students and communities.
The Boy from Bohola
Authors: O’Dwyer Attorney Paul , Polner Robert , Tubridy Michael
Published: October 2024

This chapter begins by highlighting how England used Ireland as a testing ground for colonial practices that later shaped the British Empire. The impact of these experiments in Ireland included the weakening of native industries, the decline of the Irish language, limited political autonomy, and deep sectarian divisions. The chapter mentions the long-standing resentment towards English rule, which contributed to a significant Irish diaspora to countries like the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Britain. The chapter focuses on Paul O'Dwyer, who joined this exodus in the 1920s and became a lifelong activist in America, championing various causes including trade unions, anti-Vietnam War campaigns, civil rights, and women's equality. It traces how O'Dwyer's activism stemmed from his upbringing in Bohola, County Mayo, where his family's history reflected broader trends in Irish society, including resistance to English rule, economic struggles, and a strong sense of cultural identity.
Middle-Aged Reformer
Authors: O’Dwyer Attorney Paul , Polner Robert , Tubridy Michael
Published: October 2024

This chapter details Paul O'Dwyer's involvement in the 1960 New York primary, where he encountered Gene McManus, a staunch defender of Tammany Hall's political machinery in Hell's Kitchen. Despite McManus's loyalty to traditional patronage politics, O'Dwyer aligned with the Democratic Reform movement that advocated for issues over blind allegiance. The chapter highlights O'Dwyer's support for the FDR–Woodrow Wilson Independent Democrats, a coalition pushing for social reforms and electoral transparency, including better housing and civil rights. The chapter illustrates how O'Dwyer bridged generational and ethnic divides within the movement against the backdrop of a changing political landscape marked by growing dissent over American military involvement in Vietnam. O'Dwyer's commitment to electoral transparency and social justice resonated deeply with a new wave of politically engaged citizens in Manhattan.
A Higher Plateau
Authors: O’Dwyer Attorney Paul , Polner Robert , Tubridy Michael
Published: October 2024

This chapter focuses on Paul O'Dwyer's controversial legal representation of the Revolutionary Republic of Iran amidst the 1979 hostage crisis in Tehran. As former president of the New York City Council and a prominent figure in Irish American politics, O'Dwyer took on the Iranian government's lawsuit against Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and his regime. The chapter discusses O'Dwyer's legal maneuver that sought to recover billions allegedly expropriated by the Shah during his exile. Despite backlash from conservative circles and media scrutiny, O'Dwyer remained steadfast, emphasizing the right to legal representation and complexities of international relations in the Middle East. The chapter illustrates how O'Dwyer's involvement underscored his lifelong commitment to defending contentious but principled positions in the face of public and political criticism.
Introduction
Authors: Criblez Adam J.
Published: October 2024

This chapter discusses the turbulent decade for the New York Knicks, highlighting their struggles to maintain consistent success. It recounts how the Knicks frequently missed the playoffs, faced player turnover, and witnessed the retirement of key players from 1973 to 1985. This era, marked by a lack of dynasties and star power, coincided with broader social issues, including the rise of Black culture in professional basketball and hip-hop. The chapter demonstrates how the Knicks fielded the first all-Black team in NBA history and dealt with racial tensions, drug epidemics, and urban decay in New York City. As hip-hop emerged from the South Bronx, the Knicks' attempts at creating a new dynasty mirrored the city's struggles and highlighted the complex interplay between sports, music, and urban life.
“Meminger’s Law”
Authors: Criblez Adam J.
Published: October 2024

This chapter traces the transformative journey of hip-hop music and its crossover with playground basketball culture. It mentions music producer Sylvia Robinson, who sought to commercialize the underground hip-hop scene by creating the Sugarhill Gang and their groundbreaking single Rapper's Delight in 1979. Parallel to this, the New York Knicks were navigating a challenging period, marked by efforts to rebuild their team amidst a legacy of playground basketball that mirrored hip-hop's gritty, urban ethos. The chapter discusses how the Knicks grappled with free agency and draft decisions, while the synergy between street basketball and hip-hop increased and reflected the cultural vibrancy of New York City. The Knicks aimed to revitalize their lineup, ultimately selecting University of San Francisco center Bill Cartwright in the 1979 NBA draft in their hope to reclaim dominance in a city where both basketball and hip-hop were intertwined with the spirit of resilience and innovation.
“Black, White, Green, or Red”
Authors: Criblez Adam J.
Published: October 2024

This chapter chronicles the New York Knicks' groundbreaking moment on October 10, 1979, when they released backup forwards Glen Gondrezick and John Rudd. The decision to cut the two white players, which was a break from the tradition of maintaining token white players on the roster, signaled a shift towards prioritizing talent over race. The chapter highlights how the Knicks' all-Black lineup faced both media scrutiny and internal debates. The chapter looks at the team's journey, which was set against the backdrop of changing racial dynamics in the NBA, growing Black influence in hip-hop culture, and the ongoing racial tensions in America. It touches on the connection between basketball, hip-hop, and streetball, particularly in New York City's iconic courts like Rucker Park.
Epilogue
Authors: Criblez Adam J.
Published: October 2024

This chapter highlights the dramatic period surrounding the 1985 NBA draft, where the New York Knicks selected Patrick Ewing, setting the stage for a transformative era in New York basketball. Despite challenges such as contract negotiations and roster uncertainties, Ewing's arrival brought hope to the franchise. The chapter notes how Ewing's impressive rookie season, marked by an All-Star berth and Rookie of the Year honors, was marred by injuries to key players like Bill Cartwright and Bernard King. The chapter describes how the Knicks' struggles mirrored New York City's broader cultural shifts, including the rise of hip-hop with Run-DMC and the dynamic interplay between sports and music. The Knicks' subsequent efforts to build around Ewing underscored the complex interplay of sports, economics, and culture, eventually leading to significant changes within the organization and the city itself.
Politicians
Authors: Conroy-Krutz Emily
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes President John Quincy Adams' interactions with missionaries and the influence of missionary intelligence on US foreign relations. On a Sunday in 1827, Adams attended a sermon by Charles Stewart, a former missionary to the Sandwich Islands, who shared insights on transforming Hawaiian culture. The chapter explores Adams's exposure to missionary sermons that highlighted the perceived progress of missions in regions like Hawai'i and Palestine. The chapter discusses how missionary intelligence played a significant role in shaping public interest and diplomatic priorities, particularly in regions like China, where Adams's views were notably impacted. It outlines the intertwined relationship between missionary work and US state action in the nineteenth century, revealing how missionaries and diplomats influenced each other's efforts in foreign affairs.
Troublemakers
Authors: Conroy-Krutz Emily
Published: October 2024

This chapter delves into George F. Seward's distrust of missionaries during his tenure as the US consul in Shanghai in 1867 and later as the US minister to China in 1877. Seward was critical of hiring missionaries as interpreters due to their lack of proficiency in court dialects and their distraction by missionary work, leading him to advocate for training dedicated government interpreters. The chapter explores Seward's acknowledgment of the disruptive nature of missionary endeavors and the subsequent reliance on US diplomatic intervention. It emphasizes the need to separate the government's foreign policy from missionary crises. It also underscores the complex relationship between missionaries and the US government, highlighting the delicate balance diplomats had to maintain in supporting missionaries as American citizens without endorsing their religious activities.
Imperialists
Authors: Conroy-Krutz Emily
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes how, in 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt sought insights on the Philippines from Arthur Judson Brown, a missionary secretary who had recently toured several Asian countries. Roosevelt, familiar with Brown since 1900, invited him to the White House to discuss the United States' new colonial territory. The chapter details how Brown emphasized the importance of fairness and friendship in US diplomacy and ensured that Protestant missionaries in the Philippines were seen as separate from the government. The chapter highlights the intertwined roles of diplomats and missionaries in shaping US–Philippine relations and underscores the broader implications of missionary support for American imperialism. It also touches on William Howard Taft's advocacy for foreign missions, noting the missionaries' role in promoting peace and order and reflecting on the enduring connection between missionary work and US foreign policy.
Introduction
Authors: Kushner Barak
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the legacy of war crimes trials in East Asia. It discusses the process of making a bad television program, following creating a documentary series on Chinese war crimes trials in the aftermath of World War II. The trials tie the war and empire together in a set of competing narratives about modern history in East Asia. Moreover, the discord originates in the political and historical divisions that ensued over debates concerning the meaning of Japan's empire that emerged from war crimes trials. The chapter explains justice can be finite and have a declaration attached domestically, while international reconciliation is without end and is based on present and future behavior.
The Tyranny of Tiny Decisions
Authors: Kushner Barak
Published: October 2024

This chapter looks into how the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) tried to rebuild after years of forced inactivity. Even though the JCP certainly had the ear of popular opinion at the time, the JCP and the left wing in general soon fell into a long period of internecine warfare. The JCP was clear about removing the emperor and the Japanese imperial throne from power, but different sectors had other plans concerning the emperor's decision after the surrender. The chapter explains that postwar efforts continued for decades even after the war crimes trials finished. It elaborates on the long-term Japanese postwar military anxiety about its image.
Conclusion
Authors: Parker Ben
Published: October 2024

This conclusive chapter looks into the notion of reification and The Theory of the Novel by Georg Lukács. It notes the argument that misrecognition in the novel is specifically conditioned by the misrecognitions at work in capitalism. The significance of the novel is that the structure of misrecognition at work in subjectivity is yoked to the misrecognition of capital. The chapter elaborates on the interplay between the role of misrecognition on the formation of subjectivity. It also provides an overview of the structures of misrecognition that are knotted together with incipient structures of representation in capitalism, referencing literature like Don Quixote.
Eastern European Development and Soviet Subsidies
Authors: De Groot Michael
Published: October 2024

This chapter discusses the development of Eastern Europe and the Soviet subsidies. It details the emerging strains in the Soviet welfare empire by the early 1970s, as policymakers across Eastern Europe turned to debt-driven development. Eastern European plans irritated the Soviet Union due to their reliance on Western credit and their success turned on the Kremlin's willingness to deliver extensive material support, especially fuel to power the industries. The chapter notes that Soviet socialism proved effective at promoting extensive economic development during the first two decades of the Cold War. It explains how the global oil crisis of 1973 challenged Soviet tolerance.
Twin Oil Crises behind the Iron Curtain
Authors: De Groot Michael
Published: October 2024

This chapter looks into the oil crisis behind the Iron Curtain. The chapter provides an overview of the oil crises that exposed the structural inefficiencies of Soviet socialism and the contradictions in its growth model. The oil crisis forced Moscow to make difficult decisions about how to rank its priorities, such as its production costs, Soviet agriculture, inefficiencies of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), and growing resentment from Eastern European living standards. Although increasingly resentful, the Soviet Union provided a lifeline for Eastern Europe, and the capitalist banks extended another. Moreover, the Eastern Europeans drew on more credit from Western banks to sustain their debt-developmental model and attain their growth targets.
The Collapse of the Soviet Welfare Empire
Authors: De Groot Michael
Published: October 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the collapse of the Soviet welfare empire. It explains that Mikhail Gorbachev entered office with a grand vision of reinvigorating the Soviet Union and remaking international politics. The plans ranged between arms agreements with the United States, becoming popular among Western policymakers and Eastern reformers, rethinking relations with Eastern Europe, and withdrawing from the Third World. However, structural constraints overwhelmed Gorbachev's plans as he presided over the formal collapse of the Soviet welfare empire. The chapter then expounds on how the unification of Germany indicated just how far the balance of power had shifted.
Conclusion
Authors: De Groot Michael
Published: October 2024

This chapter concludes that the West's ability and East's inability to adapt to the global economic shocks of the 1970s played a crucial role in causing the end of the Cold War. The erosion of postwar conditions persuaded the industrial democracies to abandon the Bretton Woods system and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) to revise the Bucharest formula. Essentially, the West did not collapse since democratic capitalism was adaptable. The reliance on foreign capital worked in the 1980s only because US policymakers had gradually aligned their interests with accelerating economic globalization. The chapter cites that Soviet socialism lost the ideological battles with democratic capitalism.
Pedagogy and Pedagogizing
Authors: Blum Susan D.
Published: October 2024

This chapter focuses on the key concepts of pedagogy and pedagogizing. It elaborates on the differences between direct instruction and independent learning. Since much of childhood is about school even at the earliest ages, pedagogy permeates life in the United States and in many other countries. The chapter clarifies that schoolishness is not the only way to learn since children learn to be members of their families and societies through observation, and trial and error for most of human history. In WEIRD (wealthy, educated, industrial, rich, democratic) populations, pedagogizing is assumed as the default condition of learning since schoolishness dominates.