bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR INVESTORS AND BUSINESS ACTORS WHO HAD THOROUGH BANKRUPTCY DUE TO FORCE MAJEURE IN MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES)
Authors: Dewi Gusi Ayu Arya Anindyanari Auliani , Mahendrawati Ni Luh Made , Styawati Ni Komang Arini
Published: June 2024

This research examines the legal protection provided to investors and business actors regarding bankruptcy caused by force majeure in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Force majeure is a condition beyond control that may lead to the inability to fulfill financial obligations. The primary objective of this research is to examine the existing legal protection mechanisms for investors and MSME businesses in handling bankruptcy situations caused by force majeure. Through a normative law approach and literature study, this research investigates the legal framework governing the responsibilities and protections for investors and MSME businesses against force majeure. The research findings are expected to provide a better comprehension of the legal measures that can be taken to protect the interests of investors and MSME businesses in handling the risk of bankruptcy due to force majeure. Although there are several regulations that provide a framework to protect investors and MSME businesses in bankruptcy situations, implementation and enforcement often causes challenges. Hence, it is significant to have more active endeavors from the government, financial institutions, and other stakeholders to strengthen legal protection for investors and MSME businesses in handling the risk of bankruptcy due to force majeure.
THE PAYMENT OF WAGES FOR OUTSOURCED WORKERS OF PT CAREFASTINDO
Authors: Avzurni Iqbal Samsa , Nuroini Indi
Published: June 2024

Outsourcing refers to the use of labor services by contracting out or transferring the duties and responsibilities of work or company activities from the original autonomous parent company to another company as a provider of labor services through the form of a cooperation contract. This research aims to determine whether the implementation of wages for outsourced workers at PT Carefastindo has followed the applicable regulations. The method used in this research is an empirical research study that refers to the results of research in the field. The data used in this research are the implementation and regulations related to the applicable work copyright regulations, evaluations, and interviews with workers at PT Carefastindo. The results indicate that in the implementation of wages for outsourced workers at PT Carefastindo Surabaya, East Java, there is still an implementation of wage payments below the City Minimum Wage. The implementation of wage payments for outsourced workers should fulfill the principle of justice, which refers to proportionality, the provision of salaries, and fulfillment by taking into account achievement and seniority. This wage payment refers to the needs of workers and families from an economic perspective, in accordance with the amount of wages received from the same job as others. Several factors occur in the wages of outsourced workers at PT Carefastindo who are paid below the City Minimum Wage, including the existence of a Cooperation Contract or Work Agreement given to the client of PT Carefastindo.
Does Environmental, Social and Governance Have an Impact on Stock Performance? A Panel Study of Indian Companies
Authors: SINGH Sachin , SINGH Bhanu Pratap
Published: June 2024

The present study investigates the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) on firms' profitability in the Indian setting on a sample of 23 firms. The bootstrap corrected fixed effects estimation and inference in the dynamic panel method is employed to investigate the relationship. The dynamic panel results show that the relationship between ESG score and firms' profitability is inconclusive in the short run. However, governance conditions affect firms' investment decisions and the nexus between ESG and firm financial performance in the long run. Therefore, institutional reforms are warranted to stabilise property rights and check parent-client politics for the long-run effects of sustainable environmental governance on firms' profitability.© 2024 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Die Soldatenkaiser
Authors: Sommer Michael
Published: June 2024

Das Römische Reich stand im 3. Jh. n.Chr. am Abgrund: militärisch, politisch, sozial und fiskalisch. War es eine ›Weltkrise‹, die der antike Mittelmeerraum unter den Soldatenkaisern durchlitt? Dieser Band zeichnet die verschiedenen Aspekte nach und versucht sich in einer Deutung: Nicht eine alle Lebensbereiche erfassende Krise erschütterte das römische Weltreich, sondern umwälzende Veränderungen außerhalb des Imperiums erforderten militärische Reaktionen und brachten die alte Prinzipatsordnung ins Wanken. Die ›Soldatenkaiser‹ – viele dieser durchweg vom Heer erhobenen Kaiser waren alles andere als unzivilisierte Haudegen – stellten sich typisch römisch, traditionsverbunden und doch innovativ den Herausforderungen ihres Zeitalters und schufen so ein neues Imperium.
The Evolution of Board-Certified Emergency Physicians and Staffing of Emergency Departments in Israel
Authors: Shopen Noaa , Tshuva Raphael , Drescher Michael J. , Glatstein Miguel , Cohen Neta , Coral Rony , Ressler Itay , Halpern Pinchas (Pinny)
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Emergency medicine (EM) was recognized as a specialty in Israel in 1999. Fifty-nine of the 234 (25%) attending physicians working in emergency departments (ED) nationwide in 2002 were board-certiﬁed emergency physicians (EP). A 2012 study revealed that 123/270 (45%) of ED attendings were EPs, and that there were 71 EM residents. The EPs primarily worked midweek morning shifts, leaving the EDs mostly staffed by other specialties. Our objective in this study was to re-evaluate the EP workforce in Israeli EDs and their employment status and satisfaction 10 years after the last study, which was conducted in 2012. Methods: We performed a three-part, prospective cross-sectional study: 1) a survey, sent to all EDs in Israel, to assess the numbers, level of training, and specialties of physicians working in EDs; 2) an anonymous questionnaire, sent to EPs in Israel, to assess their demographics, training, employment, and work satisfaction; and 3) interviews of a convenience sample of EPs analyzed by a thematic approach. Results: There were 266 board-certiﬁed EPs, 141 (53%) of whom were employed in EDs full-time or part-time. Sixty-two non-EPs also worked in EDs. The EPs were present in the EDs primarily during weekday morning shifts. There were 273 EM residents nationwide. A total of 101 questionnaires were completed and revealed that EPs working part-time in the ED worked fewer hours, received higher salaries, and had more years of experience compared to EPs working full time or not working in the ED. Satisfaction correlated only with working part time. Meaningful work, diversity, and rewarding relationships with patients and colleagues were major positive reasons for working in the ED. Feeling undervalued, carrying a heavy caseload, and having complicated relationships with other hospital departments were reasons against working in the ED. Conclusion: Our study ﬁndings showed an increase in the number of trained and in-training EPs, and a decrease in the percentage of board-certiﬁed EPs who persevere in the EDs. Emergency medicine in Israel is at a crossroads: more physicians are choosing EM than a decade ago, but retention of board-certiﬁed EPs is a major concern, as it is worldwide. We recommend taking measures to maintain trained and experienced EPs working in the ED by allowing part-time ED positions, introducing dedicated academic time, and diversifying EP roles, functioning, and work routine.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KOPI (Coffea sp.) AKIBAT PEMBERIAN KOMPOS ECENG GONDOK DAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR FISH WASTE
Authors: Mujahidin Mujahidin , Setiawan Beny , Jatsiyah Venti , Kurniawan Tardi
Published: June 2024

Penggunaan pupuk organik dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi lingkungn dan tanaman sehingga sangat potensial untuk digunakan dalam budidaya tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya interaksi dan dosis yang tepat antara kombinasi kompos eceng gondok dan poc limbah ikan terhadap pertumbuhan bibit  kopi (Coffea sp.) pada tanah sub soil. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL)  faktorial terdiri dari 9 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Faktor Pertama adalah kompos eceng gondok yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu: K0: Tanpa Kompos Eceng Gondok K1: Kompos eceng gondok dengan dosis 50 g/tanaman K2: Kompos eceng gondok dengan dosis 75 g/tanaman. Faktor kedua adalah POC limbah ikan yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu : PO: Tanpa POC Limbah organ dalam ikan P1: POC limbah organ dalam ikan konsentrasi 3 mL, P2: POC limbah organ dalam ikan konsentrasi 5 mL. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian dianalisis secara statistik dengan sidik ragam atau Analisis of Variance (ANOVA). Apabila data yang didapat berpengaruh nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multi Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan interaksi antara kombinasi kompos eceng gondok dan POC limbah ikan terjadi pada semua parameter pengamatan, pengaruh yang nyata pada semua parameter pengamatan bibit kopi diduga disebabkan oleh kinerja kedua faktor perlakuan yang saling mendukung. Dosis terbaik kombinasi kompos eceng gondok dan POC limbah ikan terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kopi terdapat pada perlakuan K2 (kompos eceng gondok 75g/tanaman) P2 (POC limbah ikan 5 ml/tanaman).
APLIKASI KOMPOS SERASAH DAUN KARET DAN PUPUK NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) PADA MEDIA GAMBUT
Authors: Rahman Krisma , Fitry Ramanda Rika , Sopiana Sopiana
Published: June 2024

Serasah daun karet berpotensi menjadi kompos sebagai alternatif baru. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan bibit karet terhadap pemberian kompos serasah daun karet dan pupuk NPK di media tanah gambut, dan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara pemberian kompos serasah daun karet dan pupuk NPK. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai April sampai Juli 2022 di Kebun Percobaan Politeknik Negeri Ketapang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan kombinasi 16 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama kompos serasah daun karet (K) terdiri dari K0 (tanpa kompos serasah daun karet), K1 (kompos serasah daun karet 250 g/polybag), K2 (kompos serasah daun karet 350 g/polybag) dan K3 (kompos serasah daun karet 450 g/polybag) dan faktor kedua pupuk  NPK (M) terdiri dari M0 (tanpa NPK), M1 (NPK 1,25 g/polybag), M2 (NPK 2,5 g/polybag) dan M3 (NPK 3,75 g/polybag). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Apabila berbeda nyata, maka dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian kompos serasah daun karet dan pupuk NPK pada media tanah gambut memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi bibit, jumlah payung, panjang akar, berat basah bibit dan berat kering bibit. Kompos serasah daun karet 450 g/polybag dan pupuk NPK 3,75 g/polybag merupakan dosis terbaik untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit tanaman karet di media tanah gambut dengan tinggi bibit 66,53 cm, jumlah payung 7,30 helai, panjang akar 66,13 cm, berat basah bibit 50,76 g dan berat kering  bibit 28,23 g.
MENTAL DEPRESSION DISORDER PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH
Authors: Kamala B , Ranjani J , Saradha K. R , Pooja K. S Mahanaga , Priyadharshini N
Published: June 2024

Depression is a medical disorder that disturbs the positive thinking of a person, how they feel and act. It disturbs the peace of an individual and leads the individual to physical and emotional problems which in turn affect their health. A depressive person develops aversion to living and is prone to suicide in most cases. It is observed that depression is most likely to appear during the late teens to mid - 20’s and women are more prone to depression than men. The reasons for depression may be many but one of the most significant one is the usage of social media. According to a study given by WHO it is estimated that depression affects 3.8 % of total population which includes 5.0 % among adults and 5.7 % among people above 60 years [1]. There has been tremendous increase in using Machine Learning (ML) for medical diagnosis. Most of the prediction models are based on imaging. This study aims to deploy a Machine Learning (ML) technique to measure DTI MRI scans of mood affected and non – affected individuals.[11] The Process is done using supervised methods of machine learning and support vector machine algorithm is used. This helps us in choosing the algorithm that provides the best accuracy. A large dataset is trained and classifiers are tested to distinguish affected and non – affected individuals based on the DTI MRI scans produced
MACHINE LEARNING BASED IPL WINNER PREDICTION ANALYSIS
Authors: J Mrs. Ranjani , Kamala Mrs.B. , Kalaiselvi Mrs.V.K.G. , Y KarthikRaja , A Srikant
Published: June 2024

In India and all around the world, the Indian Premier League -IPL is the most popular league. The most recognized cricket format currently across viewers is T20. One of the reasons for the expansion of the T20 format of this game is a competition called the IPL, which uses the T20 format. Because anything can happen in this kind of cricket, experts used to refer to it as a humorous game. The squad with the best prospects of victory will be examined in our proposed study. SVM, logistic regression, KNN, decision trees, etc. are a few of the key methods we employ in our projects. Finally, the algorithm's conclusion indicated that decision trees and logistic regression had efficiency levels of over 89% and 97%, respectively. The best four methods for machine learning will be used to select the winner, and graphs of the findings will be displayed
SOIL TEXTURE CLASSIFICATION AND SEGMENTATION USING HYBRID RANDOM FOREST WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Anandan K. , Blessie E. Chandra , James Jayamol P.
Published: June 2024

The texture of the soil has an impact on several environmental processes. Traditional soil textural assessment takes a long period, thus the quick and non-intrusive forecast of soil sand, clay, and silt seems preferable. The project's objective is to develop a hybrid Random Forest with an Artificial Neural Network (RF-ANN) model that predicts soil texture (concentrations of sand, clay, and silt) using Convolutional layers and a Random Forest. The standardized ANN model can be used to create high-resolution soil maps in parallel locations without the requirement for extra field surveys. The hybrid RF-ANN model was trained and tested using field measurements of soil texture in these land use and coverage area frames using the LUCAS Soil Texture Survey data set. Data showed that the optimization process outperformed the popular training method based on robust back-propagation. When compared to existing models, colour attributes perform better than all image-extracted kinds and have the highest influence on suggested models' performance. When compared to current models, OC, CEC, Clay, Sand, Clay, pH, and N have higher forecast accuracy. The results show that the RF-ANN model paired with linear function has been employed in the regions where the prototype is attuned if the comparative range of input parameter is similar to the section where the prototypical was regulated.
A REVIEW PAPER ON BIG DATA ANALYTICS
Authors: Jain Shweta
Published: June 2024

Extensive Apple Guides collection available upon request. Whether you're watching video streams, accessing entertainment media, playing arena games, or getting GPS locations, your body and props will always contain data. These compendiums are drawn from a wide range of sources using a wide range of innovative methodologies and technologies and are evolving daily. The table is classified as "big data". The big summaries are astronomical in terms of diversity, speed and density. It has properties and contains both organized and multiple data. The Big Summary Experiment aims to analyze key values, make recommendations, and support archiving. We provide a comprehensive overview of the analytical analysis of the key abstracts in this case, highlighting the exact scope of concern. Following Application Evolution, we evaluate six modifications of key abstraction applications, including structured abstraction analysis, argument analysis, web analysis, multimedia analysis, and adaptive analysis. We welcome examples of many abstract analysis techniques such as A/B testing, classification, military procurement, abstract extraction, and more
DATA MINING TECHNIQUES RESEARCH AND EVALUATION
Authors: Ahaluwaliya Garima
Published: June 2024

Data excavating is a immediately increasing field in a difference of regimens. Finding dossier excavating resolutions that are appropriate for the search should progressively main. Data excavating methods have resulted valuable in a off-course range of requests, containing interruption discovery, production, process control, and deception discovery, shopping, and network presidency. In current age, dossier excavating methods have happened used to an growing number of research projects to answer a assortment of interruption discovery challenges
THE ROLE OF INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM (IDS) IN INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) -ITS FRAMEWORK OF WORKING AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Kalaivani A , Pugazendi Dr. R.
Published: June 2024

IOT is a new emerging and modern prototype that has merged several components, internet connected to various day-to-day physical objects. IoT has become a rapidly evolving technology making a great impact on the digital world, starting from everyday home appliances to a large industrial system. It has imposed a heavy duty on the data communication through internet, high risk on information and computational complexity. Devices are affiliated with a variety of smart fields like hospital, industries and home. Devices capture more valuable information. This has led to the attention of cybercriminals to get attracted towards the IoT for exploitation of the security and gain access to the devices and the data. Despite of being trending and promising technology of the present and for the future, IoT still faces security challenges as they IoT devices increase. The attacks on the IoT devices are increasing, because of the few drawbacks of the IoT devices like resource constraint, limited memory, low energy storage and lack in running the existing security software vulnerabilities. Cyberattacks has become very common in the IoT environment. If the attacks on the IoT devices goes unnoticed for a long time it creates many issues like inaccuracy, delay, service interruption and a huge loss. Intrusion Detection System plays an important role in detecting any attacks on the system. It helps in preventing our system from intruders. The goal of the IDS is to monitor the entire network activity, detect for any malicious or suspicious activity and trigger an alarm to the user about the attack. IDS is also undergoing so many advancements in its implementation strategies and techniques. In the last few years, the AI techniques like deep learning and machine learning has been implemented in all fields. This paper details about the Artificial Intelligence approaches (Machine learning and Deep learning) for Intrusion detection system (IDS) in Internet of Things (IoT). The complete taxonomy of IDS working, methods and the very strong datasets used are analyzed for identifying the weakness, features and to find the lacking facilities to meet the current technologies. IDS has many methods of implementing. But the anomaly –based intrusion detection system is very familiarly used in IoT. The implementation for the datasets like feature extraction, filtration, training, testing has to be performed as per the IoT environment
IOT DEVICE SMART MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Thommandru Raju , Kishore Dr M. Purna , Fariddin S. Baba , Srinivasvellela Sai
Published: June 2024

With the enormous development, the Internet of Things is expanding its potential applications to improve people’s quality of life by transforming houses into "smart homes." A smart house is an interconnected household that has multiple types of digital devices connected so that they may interact with one another internet. A home area network is made up of the numerous protocols that allow communication between these devices. These devices are created by many businesses using various standards and technology. Because home energy conservation is a significant issue, IoT technology is increasingly being used by a growing number of appliances. Here, a software application for IoT-based smart homes is developed that can effectively regulate household appliances continuously based on a list of rules or behaviour. The software is used by the smart home to take user input and send it to the server or host. Along with receiving input from the user, the smart home software also shows them all of the house's status information. The smart home system's protocol for communicating with the host, server, and software is ZigBee. The system encrypts all communication data to maintain security
IOT-BASED SMART AGRICULTURE USING SENSORS
Authors: Devisri Mrs. B , J Mrs. Anju Anil , Kavitha Dr. M.
Published: June 2024

This paper explains how to build and integrate several sensors into a single board with minimal decoupling effect. Relays are integrated into the board during construction to minimize noise generation caused by high load consumption. I suggested employing sensor fusion technology because it has many uses.The suggested system is an AVR-based wireless sensor node with the ability to monitor a set of defined parameters continuously, deploy quickly, and extend battery life. The ESP8266 module used in this paper's IOT system facilitates data transmission from a remote farm location to the user. The sensor node is made up of several sensors that measure the soil moisture content, the intensity of the rain, the current used by the motor to calculate its dry-run and overload conditions, and it also assists in delivering information about the motor's current consumption
IOT AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Atre Professor. Swati
Published: June 2024

Chapter 10 of this book explores the convergence of IoT (Internet of Things) and AI (ArtificlIntelligence) and its transformative impact on various industries. It discusses how AI enhances data collection and analysis, automation, personalization, and security in IoT systems. The chapter also highlights the applications of AI in healthcare, smart cities, agriculture, industrial IoT, and environmental monitoring. Furthermore, it delves into how AI strengthens IoT security by detecting threats, improving user authentication, and ensuring data security. Additionally, the chapter emphasizes the role of AIdriven data analytics in processing real-time data, predicting insights, detecting anomalies, ensuring scalability, reducing data overload, contextual understanding, and promoting energy efficiency in IoT systems
IOT EMBEDDED SYSTEMS, SENSORS & ACTUATORS
Authors: Bakshi Ms.Vaidehi
Published: June 2024

Unlocking the Synergies of IoT Embedded Systems: A Comprehensive Exploration of Sensors, Actuators, and Their Transformative Role. This chapter meticulously navigates the convergence of IoT with embedded systems, dissecting their evolution and symbiotic relationship. It delves deep into the crux of IoT embedded systems, elucidating their multifaceted components and pivotal functionalities. Expanding on the core elements of sensors and actuators, the chapter offers an insightful exploration of their diverse types, intricate workings, and burgeoning applications across industries. Emphasizing the pivotal role of sensors in data collection and interpretation within the IoT realm, it meticulously distinguishes between analog and digital sensors, unraveling their unique characteristics and burgeoning significance. Furthermore, it intricately outlines the landscape of actuators, showcasing their diverse types, selection criteria, and burgeoning applications across multifarious sectors. Through this comprehensive elucidation, the chapter illuminates the transformative potential of these technologies, painting a vivid picture of their profound impact on modern-day technological landscape
MEDIATING EFFECT OF PERSONAL AFFLUENCE BETWEEN FINANCIAL LITERACY AND INVESTMENT INTENTION IN FINANCIAL ASSETS
Authors: Vidya Dr. S. , I Ifra Fathima.
Published: June 2024

The study investigates the mediating effect of personal affluence between financial literacy and investment intention in financial assets. The study is formulated with cause and effect research design. The sample design is purposive sampling, resulting in a sample size of 487 participants. Data collection is conducted through a questionnaire, and analysis is carried out using structural equation modeling, one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc test. Findings stated that precursors play a crucial role in shaping financial desires, financial expertise, financial opportunity, financial literacy, personal affluence, and investment intention among individual investors. Financial desires, financial expertise, and financial opportunity contribute significantly to the level of financial literacy among individuals. Financial literacy has significant impact on the investment intention of investors. Furthermore, personal affluence partially mediates the relationship between financial literacy and investment intentions. Moreover, monthly income of individual investors has a significant impact on financial desires, financial expertise, financial opportunity, financial literacy, personal affluence, and investment intention
DECODING THE SECRETS OF TINNITUS: THE RINGING EAR
Authors: Panigrahi Satyabrata , Chaudhary Tanvi
Published: June 2024

Understanding and Functioning of Tinnitus: Insights into Categorization, Reasons, and Evaluation** Tinnitus, the perception of noise in the absence of external stimuli, has intrigued both medical experts and scholars. This article delves into the etymology of tinnitus, exploring technical terms such as “Tinnitus aurium,” “Acousma,” and “Leudet tinnitus.” Pioneers in this field, integrated Jack Vernon and Pawel J. The dispute extends to the neural mechanisms behind tinnitus, emphasizing the intricate relationship between the auditory, somatosensory, limbic and independent systems. The article details conditions similar to personal tinnitus, shedding light on otological, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological and pharmacological components. An in-depth investigation of evaluation protocols, including comparison of pitch and loudness, provides insight into the clinical evaluation of tinnitus. The article then navigates through the intricate reasons for tinnitus, visually represented in a tree diagram. Psychological effects are catalogued in tables that describe the signs of emotional, interpersonal, and somatic distress associated with tinnitus. The multifaceted reasons for tinnitus are summarized in a comprehensive figure that shows a holistic perspective of the intricate network that contributes to this phenomenon. Moreover, this chapter discusses about the Tinnitus management employs diverse strategies, including advice, hearing aids, and innovative approaches like Neuromonics. Pharmacological options, non-invasive methods like Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation, and alternative therapies contribute to a multifaceted approach
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLINICAL ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Rakheja Himanshu , Anand Dr. Pooja
Published: June 2024

The assessment is an important aspect of diagnosis which makes the process of management easier than going for another way. The investigations of the various disorders have their own role in diagnosing at the earliest level. The relationship between the assessment and diagnosis is hereby explained as an important part of treatment strategies. The pillar of illness relies on the assessment and diagnosis which have their own responsibility. The assessment has Another illness or disease can be determined by its features itself as the books and various authors suggest that the disorder or musculoskeletal pain can be determined by some theoretical values and symptoms which are further on evaluated based on features of a disease. Before rushing to the evaluation, further observation is required for the better assessment of an individual patient. The whole chapter includes the aspect of assessment and making a diagnosis and their basic relationship
HIGH INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND (HIFU)
Authors: Saraswat Rashi
Published: June 2024

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a medical technology that uses ultrasound waves to deliver focused energy at a specific target within the body. This non-invasive technique has gained recognition for its potential in various therapeutic applications. The principle behind HIFU involves using an ultrasound transducer to generate high-frequency sound waves. These waves are focused to aprecise point, creating a concentrated area of high intensity. The energy produced can be used to achieve two main effects: thermal ablation and mechanical disruption. In thermal ablation, the intense heat generated by the focused ultrasound causes coagulative necrosis, leading to the destruction of targeted tissue. This method has been used to treat solid tumors such as prostate, liver, kidney, and breast cancer. HIFU offers advantages over traditional surgical methods as it is non-invasive, avoids the need for incisions, and can be done as an outpatient procedure. It also provides real-time monitoring capabilities, allowing for precise control and adjustment of the treatment. Mechanical disruption, on the other hand, involves using high-intensity ultrasound to induce mechanical effects on tissue, rather than relying solely on thermal energy. This approach has shown promise in applications such as targeted drug delivery, where HIFU can be used to temporarily disrupt cell membranes, facilitating the delivery of therapeutic agents to specific areas. HIFU has also demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of various neurological conditions. In neurosurgery, it can be used to create lesions in specific brain regions, offering a non-invasive alternative to traditional surgical approaches. Among other neurological illnesses, HIFU has been investigated for the treatment of essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, and neuropathic pain. In addition, HIFU has found applications in the field of cosmetic medicine. It can stimulate collagen production and tissue tightening, making it suitable for non-surgical facelifts, body contouring, and skin rejuvenation. HIFU treatments in this context are typically well-tolerated, with minimal discomfort and downtime. While HIFU has demonstrated significant potential, ongoing research and development efforts are focused on further refining the technology, optimizing treatment protocols, and expanding its applications. Continued advancements in imaging techniques, treatment planning software, and transducer design are expected to enhance the precision and effectiveness of HIFU procedures. In conclusion, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive medical device that delivers focused energy via ultrasound waves for thermal ablation and mechanical disruption. Its applications range from the treatment of solid tumors and neurological disorders to cosmetic medicine. With ongoing research and development, HIFU holds promise as a versatile and transformative approach to various medical treatments
AN INSIGHT INTO CLINICAL ADVANCEMENTS OF REGENERATIVE DENTISTRY
Authors: K Dr. Siya , N Dr. Shahna , Johny Dr. Arathi L , Sukumaran Dr. Aneesa V
Published: June 2024

Regenerative Dentistry is a swiftly and constantly evolving branch of dentistry. It is expanding rapidly due to the advancements in biomedical engineering field and it's promising nature of various noval treatment options which exceeds the scope of conventional approaches. The cornerstone of RD mainly focuses on mainly 3 elements- Stem cells, Bioactive molecule and Scaffolds. Due to the outstanding properties of dental tissue derived stem cells; they play a vital role in this field. Regenerative Dentistry has provided innovative and successful techniques over the traditional treatment strategies in various disciplines of dentistry. The aim of regenerative endodontics is to recover pulp function in necrotic teeth. Hence a newer technique called Pulp Revascularization has been introduced as an alternative to conventional Root canal treatment. Subsequently, the conventional surgical and non-surgical periodontal treatment is being taken over by modified methods of Guided tissue regeneration with the help of 3D- bioprinting and Computer aided design. Numerous interventional approaches has also been developed for the oral and maxillofacial engineering to enhance the regeneration of severely damaged oral and maxillofacial structures. This analysis presents a brief overview of the advanced and latest treatment methods which has came into the clinical practice, potential future technologies and the role of dental stem cells in the field of regenerative dentistry
RECENT UPDATE AND FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF “CELIAC DISEASE”
Authors: Patidar Ms. Shraddha , Bais Dr. Souravh
Published: June 2024

Foods containing gluten can cause celiac disease, which is a long-term immunological and digestive illness that harms and affects the small intestine. Our body is unable to receive all the nutrients which it needs because of this disease. Gluten is a protein found in grains such as wheat, barley, rye, and others. Gluten makes dough stretchy and gives bread its chewy texture. The small intestine and villi, tiny finger-like projections seen on the small intestine wall, are damaged when the patient with celiac disease consumes food containing gluten because their body overreacts to the gluten protein. The small intestine cannot absorb enough nutrients from food when these villi are destroyed. In the end, this causes starvation, miscarriage, infertility, bone density loss, and neurological disorders. Researchers still don't have a firm understanding of the cause of celiac disease. Due to its inherited nature, celiac disease may pass on to certain genes. Any traumatic emotional experience or a severe medical incident can set it off. To help identify celiac disease, a tissue test for transglutaminase IgA (tTg-IgA) is employed. In this autoimmune illness, the immune system misinterprets the protein gluten as an outside invader
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN DENTISTRY: A BOON FOR DENTISTS AND PATIENTS ALIKE
Authors: Mehta Dr. Rina Girish , Balvantalal Rami Kamlesh , Bhatt Dr. Disha
Published: June 2024

Artificial Intelligence, a flourishing branch of computer science, has helped in the creation of intelligent machines that have the power to think like humans. These machines can understand complex topics encompassing different fields. They can even solve problems by proper reasoning and logic. AI has entered all walks of life and health care and dentistry are no exception. Dental AI helps dentists treat patients with utmost precision. It can detect tooth erosion and create customized treatment strategies for different patients, thereby saving time. Unlike manual examinations, AI tools take just a split-second to identify an abnormality. Before discussing how AI is used in different fields of dentistry, let’s get an idea about how it all started
BASIC EXTRACTION AND FRACTIONATION PROCEDURES FOR EXPERIMENTAL PURPOSES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors: Bhar Ria
Published: June 2024

The initial and most critical stage in achieving high-quality research outcomes is the preparation of medicinal plants for experimentation. Before conducting the intended biological tests, it is essential to extract and assess the quality and quantity of bioactive components. This study's primary objective was to assess the various techniques employed in our routine research for the production and screening of medicinal plants. While extracts, bioactive fractions, or compounds from medicinal plants find various applications, the methodologies used to obtain them are often similar, regardless of the intended biological testing. Key factors in obtaining potent bioactive compounds include selecting an appropriate solvent, utilizing various extraction methods, conducting phytochemical screening, employing fractionation techniques, and utilizing identification procedures. The choice of these treatments and their specific approaches are entirely influenced by the research design. Extraction of medicinal plants commonly involves the use of polar solvents such as water and alcohols, intermediate polar solvents like acetone and dichloromethane, and nonpolar solvents including n-hexane, ether, and chloroform. Extraction techniques encompass maceration, digestion, decoction, infusion, percolation, Soxhlet extraction, superficial extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. Phytochemical substances can be further separated and purified through various chromatographic methods such as paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Ultimately, other techniques like nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy are employed for molecule identification. These diverse approaches can be categorized and elucidated based on their relevance to expected biological tests, providing guidance and focus for aspiring researchers.
SPIRULINA AS A SOURCE OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN THE FOOD AND HEALTH SECTOR
Authors: Anjum A Shah Rehana , Quraishi Firdaus M. , Alim Hina
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the present study is to summarise the mechanisms of action of Spirulina, phytochemical, food safety, nanofiber scaffolds, PHB, highlight the potential effects of this alga on humans, and address current and potential future clinical applications, based primarily on in vivo studies and a few carefully designed in vitro studies, as well as the highest levels of evidence currently available in the literature. The objective of this study is to examine the antioxidant activity of new commercial products containing fresh Spirulina and the factors influencing it. Antioxidant activity varies depending on the combination of elements in the meal, according to several studies. government organisations growing Spirulina to reduce the cost of purchasing it from private businesses and supplying it as food to anganwadis and ashrams so that it can gradually eradicate the problem of malnutrition in India. The synergy coefficient was used to identify and express synergistic, antagonistic, and additive interactions between samples in order to gradually alleviate the issue of malnutrition in India and other nations. In the present review the bioactive composition of Spirulina and potential for different applications in functional foods are covered.
FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Dey Suvajit
Published: June 2024

Food production and processing by using fermentation process is about 6000 years old practices when human being had no specific idea about the existence and uses of microorganisms. Now a days, fermentation is a biochemical process by which we can synthesize various food and other products like: wine, cheese, bread, antibiotics, curds, biofuels, enzymes, pigments and many others in a large quantity with the help of several microorganisms. We can subdivide the process of large-scale fermentation in several steps: Upstream processing, microbial fermentation of molecules and downstream process. In upstream process selection of microorganism, strain improvement and selection, media preparation are the fundamental steps by which we can start the biotransformation process of fermentation in a controlled way to get desired products. After the performing of upstream process, we need to do the downstream process by which we can get the products in its pure form. The downstream process includes several steps like: cell harvesting, broth conditioning, sedimentation, centrifugation, filtration, cell disruption and most importantly product recovery. Interference of different microorganisms and maintenance of chemical as well as physical factors are very important in the process of fermentation. In recent days, fermentation technology is a part of food production and processing industries explores ways to overcome food scarcity and secure the future's food economy.
ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE: A STOCHASTIC STUDY OF PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS WITH DISTRIBUTED DELAY
Authors: Sharmila N. B. , Gunasundari C.
Published: June 2024

In this research article, our primary focus is on a stochastic prey-predator system incorporating distributed delay. To analyze this model, we employ the stochastic Lyapunov function approach to prove the presence of a stationary distribution for the nonnegative solutions. Subsequently, we formulate the necessary criteria for the predator population to go extinct, indicating the survival of the preypopulation while the predator population diminishes completely.
GUIDED ENODONTICS
Authors: Shahu Dr. Shriya
Published: June 2024

Contemporary dentistry primarily focuses on minimally invasive procedures as a result of emerging trends in technological advancements. Guided Endodontics is also known as Targeted Endodontic Treatment which represents one of the most accurate technology to perform complex endodontic interventions predictably. GE approach is based upon four essential elements which comprise of 3D imaging, digital devices, processing software and manufacturing tools. Guided endodontics includes the use of two techniques: Static Navigation and Dynamic navigation. In Static Navigation approach, the optical impression is merged with the 3D data obtained from CBCT for designing of a virtual drill path prior to the clinical procedure. On the other hand, Dynamic navigation is a newer technology which utilizes stereoscopic monitoring camera to dynamically guide the operator's instruments to the exact location with in real-time. The clinical applicability of Guided Endodontics includes the use of computer-designed guides for minimally invasive access cavity preparation, negotiation of pulp canal obliteration and calcification in order to achieve predictable and safe results. 3D guides are also gaining popularity in endodontic surgery for osteotomy and root- end resection, among the few indications. With the continuous improvements in imaging, 3D printing, and virtual planning, the potential benefits of this technique can be used for the management of challenges in nonsurgical and surgical endodontic procedures.
TOOTH BIO-BANKING
Authors: Gunwal Dr. Mohit K
Published: June 2024

Tooth bio-banking (Tooth banking) has emerged as an innovative practice globally, leveraging the unexplored potential of dental tissues; including enamel, dentin, and dental stem cells, for future therapeutic applications. Utilization of tissues derived from dental structures can provide a natural solution for the regeneration and rehabilitation of damaged or lost human tissues. Practice involves the collection, processing, and preservation of dental tissues, such as extracted teeth for educational, restorative, research testing, and as bone graft material. In today's times, the primary focus of tooth bio-banking includes the extraction of dental pulp as a valuable source of stem cells. With its regenerative properties and the ability to differentiate into various cell types it makes for a promising solution for diverse medical interventions, including tissue engineering and organ regeneration. There is a dire need to create an awareness regarding the other applications and potential benefits of the tooth bio-banking system among medical and dental professionals as well as patients. The chapter also addressed the need for standardized practices surrounding the tooth bio- banking system and the ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks required for its establishment. The tooth bio-banking system can have a transformative impact on the landscape of regenerative and restorative dentistry, opening avenues for novel therapeutic interventions and paving the way for a more personalized and effective approach to healthcare.
DIABETES AND MENTAL HEALTH: A RISING CONCERN
Authors: Sundus Habiba , Bano Sadiya , Nasim Shaima
Published: June 2024

More than 350 million people will have diabetes worldwide by 2030, up more than thrice from 2000, according to the World Health Organisation. The negative effects of this chronic condition and its consequences are being amplified globally by rising diabetes incidence among younger age groups. About one-third of diabetics have trouble managing their diabetes on their own as a result of psychological and social problems. By identifying particular signals that indicate a high chance of such disorders, it will be easier to recognise and treat co-morbid mental health concerns early. Ensuring that any mental health concerns are managed and that social obligations are met would be beneficial to the person's well-being. Reducing the burden of diabetes and its consequences on the individual and the larger health system can be accomplished by addressing the mental and psychological obstacles to maintaining excellent glucose control.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CONCEPT MAPPING STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOLOGY IN RELATION TO INTELLIGENCE AS COVARIATE
Authors: Koppad Dr. Vanishree
Published: June 2024

The reason of this research is to identify the concept mapping strategy of training impact on achievement in biology in relation to intelligence quotient as covariate of secondary school students. For this purpose 60 grade IX standard students from co-educational state syllabus schools from two classes were selected. The idea mapping instructional technique was assigned to the individuals at random for the objectives of the study. This study included an experimental group and a control group that was taught using a more traditional teacher-centered approach. There were 60 students in the class. One class (n = 30, 16 boys, and 14 girls) was designated as the idea mapping group, while the other (n = 30, 16 boys, and 14 girls) was designated as the control group. The Achievement Test in Biology produced by the researcher was used in this study, and the Ravens Progress Test was used to determine intelligence. ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to examine the data descriptively and inferentially, with Scheffe’s post hoc analysis. The level of significance was set at 0.05 and the level of confidence at 0.01. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS Package and Microsoft Office software. The findings confirmed that students taught using the idea mapping teaching technique outperformed control group students in Biology achievement. So, when IQ is controlled statistically, it can be determined that the Concept Mapping Teaching Strategy is effective since it accounts for increased achievement.
LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN INDIA
Authors: Shamita Seelapureddy
Published: June 2024

The constitution of India evolves over time. As a result of this and the evolution of the nature brought in the provisions on protecting the environment and growth potential of the laws of the land. In The Environment Protection Act (EPA), 1986 environment is defined as “anything that includes components like water, air, land and interrelationship that exists between human beings and other living creatures, plants, micro-organism and property”.