bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment and Severe Dysphagia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Qiao Jia , Wu Zhi-Min , Ye Qiu-Ping , Dai Yong , Dou Zu-Lin
Published: June 2022

Objective: To investigate the relationship between post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and severe post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) and explore the risk factors related to PSCI combined with severe PSD. Methods: Data from patients were collated from the rehabilitation-specific disease database. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Videofluoroscopy Swallowing Study (VFSS), Penetration-aspiration Scale (PAS), and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) were used to evaluate cognitive and swallowing functions. Differences between groups were determined by the Pearson chi-square test (χ2) or Fisher exact test. PAS and FOIS data were analyzed with the use of the Wilcoxon rank-sum or Kruskal–Wallis test in the prespecified subgroup analysis. Risk factors were investigated by multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 1555 patients were identified with PSCI. The results indicated that patients with PSCI had a higher incidence rate of severe PSD as compared to patients without PSCI (p < 0.001). Patients with severe PSCI were more likely to clinically manifest oral phase dysfunction (p = 0.024), while mild PSCI patients mainly manifested pharyngeal phase dysfunction (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in FOIS score changes between subgroups during the hospitalization period (severe PSCI vs. moderate PSCI and severe PSCI vs. mild PSCI) (all p < 0.001). In addition, multivariate logistic regression revealed pneumonia (p < 0.001), tracheotomy (p < 0.001), and dysarthria (p = 0.006) were related to PSCI, combined with severe PSD. Conclusion: PSCI may be related to severe PSD. Patients with severe PSCI were more likely to manifest oral phase dysfunction, while mild PSCI manifested pharyngeal phase dysfunction. Pneumonia, tracheotomy, and dysarthria were risk factors related to PSCI combined with severe PSD.
Identifying the Hub Genes of Glioma Peritumoral Brain Edema Using Bioinformatical Methods
Authors: Wu Yuxi , Peng Zesheng , Wang Haofei , Xiang Wei
Published: June 2022

Glioma peritumoral brain edema (GPTBE) is a frequent complication in patients with glioma. The severity of peritumoral edema endangers patients’ life and prognosis. However, there are still questions concerning the process of GPTBE formation and evolution. In this study, the patients were split into two groups based on edema scoring findings in the cancer imaging archive (TCIA) comprising 186 TCGA-LGG patients. Using mRNA sequencing data, differential gene (DEG) expression analysis was performed, comparing the two groups to find the key genes affecting GPTBE. A functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes was performed. Then, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was established, and important genes were screened. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) scores were calculated for major gene sets and comparatively correlated with immune cell infiltration. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier curve. A total of 59 DEGs were found, with 10 of them appearing as important genes. DEGs were shown to be closely linked to inflammatory reactions. According to the network score, IL10 was in the middle of the network. The presence of the IL10 protein in glioma tissues was verified using the human protein atlas (HPA). Furthermore, the gene sets’ GSVA scores were favorably linked with immune infiltration, particularly, with macrophages. The high-edema group had higher GSVA scores than the low-edema group. Finally, Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed no differences in OS between the two groups, and eight genes were found to be related to prognosis, whereas two genes were not. GPTBE is linked to the expression of inflammatory genes.
Effect of a Science of Learning Course on Beliefs in Neuromyths and Neuroscience Literacy
Authors: Ferreira Roberto A. , Rodríguez Cristina
Published: June 2022

Misconceptions about the brain (neuromyths) among educators have been found across different countries, but little has been done to dispel them. The present study assessed the effect of a one-year Science of Learning (SoL) course on neuroscience literacy and beliefs in neuromyths in a sample of Chilean pre-service teachers. An experimental group of pre-service teachers, who took the SoL course as part of their university training, and a control group were needed for the study. Participants in both groups completed an online survey three times during the year (beginning, middle and end of year). The results showed that participants in both groups responded correctly to most assertions but held major misconceptions about the brain (Time 1), in line with previous studies. Regarding neuroscience literacy, participants in the experimental and control groups did not differ significantly at Time 1, but the experimental group showed significantly better performance than the control group at Time 2 and Time 3. Unlike neuroscience literacy, the results in neuromyth beliefs did not differ significantly by group at Time 1 and Time 2; however, at Time 3, the experimental group showed a significant decline in neuromyth beliefs. Overall, these results suggest that the SoL course significantly improved overall neuroscience literacy and reduced neuromyth belief among pre-service teachers, but the effect of the intervention was small.
Social Determinants of Voice Outcomes: The Configurational Analysis of the Effects of LMX and Peer Relationships
Authors: Kim Jeeyoung , Kim Ah Jung , Chung Myung-Ho
Published: June 2022

From the perspective of social relationships, this study extends the understanding of employee voice by examining voice outcomes, especially a voicer’s influence in their work team. In particular, we explore how two different social relationships, LMX and peer relationship, separately and jointly affect the ‘voice-influence’ relationship. Drawing on social network theory, we propose that higher LMX and central positions in peer networks (i.e., centrality in the friendship network) strengthen the positive impact of voice on individual influence. From a sample of 128 employees from three firms in South Korea, we found that two types of voice (promotive and prohibitive) are positively related with individual influence. This study also found that LMX strengthened the positive effect of promotive voice on a voicer’s influence. Moreover, LMX and peer relationship jointly affect the voice-influence relationship as follows: (1) a voicer with a high LMX-high centrality (in the peer network) is most influential within their team, (2) as for a low LMX-high centrality member, speaking up rather decreases individual influence. These results suggest that voice outcome is not unilateral. Rather, whose voice it is and where a voicer stands may matter more. We discussed the theoretical and practical implications of these findings in employee voice research.
Numerical Simulation of Flood Intrusion Process under Malfunction of Flood Retaining Facilities in Complex Subway Stations
Authors: Lin Zhiyu , Hu Shengbin , Zhou Tianzhong , Zhong Youxin , Zhu Ye , Shi Lei , Lin Hang
Published: June 2022

In recent years, heavy rain and waterlogging accidents in subway stations have occurred many times around the world. With the comprehensive development trend of underground space, the accidents caused by flood flow intruding complex subway stations and other underground complexes in extreme precipitation disasters will be lead to more serious casualties and property damage. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct numerical simulation of flood intrusion process under malfunction of flood retaining facilities in complex subway stations. In order to prevent floods from intruding subway stations and explore coping strategies, in this study, the simulation method was used to study the entire process of flood intrusion into complex subway stations when the flood retaining facilities fail in extreme rain and flood disasters that occur once-in-a-century. The three-dimensional numerical simulation model was constructed by taking a subway interchange station with a property development floor in Nanning as a prototype. Based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model method, the inundated area in the subway station during the process of flood intrusion from the beginning to the basic stability was simulated, and it was found that the property development floor has serious large-scale water accumulation under extreme rainfall conditions. Through the dynamic monitoring of the flood water level depth at important positions such as the entrances of the evacuation passages, and the analysis of the influence of the design structure and location distribution of different passages on the personnel evacuation plan, it was found that the deep water accumulation at the entrances of the narrow, long, and multi-run emergency safety passages are not conducive to the evacuation of personnel. Finally, the flow of flood water into the subway tunnel through the subway station was calculated. The research results provide certain reference and guidance for the safety design of subway stations under extreme rainfall climatic conditions.
An Exploratory Factor Analysis for Conflict Resolution Methods among Construction Professionals
Authors: Adeyemi Benjamen Sunkanmi , Aigbavboa Clinton Ohis
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to evaluate various methods of resolving conflict among construction professionals (CPs) in Nigeria. A quantitative research technique was utilised. This study used well-structured questionnaires which were forwarded to numerous CPs in the Southwest of Nigeria. A total of 150 questionnaires were sent out and 135 were received back from respondents. The research revealed some major approaches to conflict resolution among the CPs, such as collaborating, accommodating, negotiating, compromising, mediating, arbitrating, mediating-arbitrating, contending, obliging, early neutral evaluation and avoiding. This study is limited to construction professionals (CPs) that are members of Nigerian professional bodies and just 135 respondents took part in the survey. This study recommends that further studies should use other analysis methods to assess conflict resolution techniques among the CPs. The results from this study will enhance the knowledge of CPs in Nigeria of numerous methods of resolving conflict. Furthermore, the outcomes will help CPs make use of collaborating and accommodating in settling conflict within their individual professional bodies. Previous studies on conflict resolution methods only concentrated on contractors and consultants in construction projects but this present study contributes to the body of knowledge by assessing conflict resolution methods among CPs within their individual professional bodies. Additionally, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) utilised in this study is novel since previous studies have not employed this analysis method. Therefore, it is recommended that CPs should be collaborating with one another in order to solidify their relationship and enhance their performance within their professional bodies.
A Novel Support-Vector-Machine-Based Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm for Structural Reliability Analysis
Authors: Yang Yutai , Sun Weizhe , Su Guoshao
Published: June 2022

Aiming at the characteristics of high computational cost, implicit expression and high nonlinearity of performance functions corresponding to large and complex structures, this paper proposes a support-vector-machine- (SVM) based grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) for structural reliability analysis. With this method, the reliability problem is transformed into an optimization problem. On the basis of using the finite element method (FEM) to generate a small number of samples, the SVM model is used to construct a surrogate model of the performance function, and an explicit expression of the implicit nonlinear performance function under the condition of small samples is realized. Then, the GOA is used to search for the most probable point (MPP), and a reasonable iterative method is constructed. The MPP information of each iteration step is used to dynamically improve the reconstruction accuracy of the surrogate model in the region that contributes most to the failure probability. Finally, with the MPP after the iteration as the sampling center, the importance sampling method (ISM) is used to further infer the structural failure probability. The feasibility of the method is verified by four numerical cases. Then, the method is applied to a long-span bridge. The results show that the method has significant advantages in computational accuracy and computational efficiency and is suitable for solving structural reliability problems of complex engineering.
Computer Vision-Based Hazard Identification of Construction Site Using Visual Relationship Detection and Ontology
Authors: Li Yange , Wei Han , Han Zheng , Jiang Nan , Wang Weidong , Huang Jianling
Published: June 2022

Onsite systematic monitoring benefits hazard prevention immensely. Hazard identification is usually limited due to the semantic gap. Previous studies that integrate computer vision and ontology can address the semantic gap and detect the onsite hazards. However, extracting and encoding regulatory documents in a computer-processable format often requires manual work which is costly and time-consuming. A novel and universally applicable framework is proposed that integrates computer vision, ontology, and natural language processing to improve systematic safety management, capable of hazard prevention and elimination. Visual relationship detection based on computer vision is used to detect and predict multiple interactions between objects in images, whose relationships are then coded in a three-tuple format because it has abundant expressiveness and is computer-accessible. Subsequently, the concepts of construction safety ontology are presented to address the semantic gap. The results are subsequently recorded into the SWI Prolog, a commonly used tool to run Prolog (programming of logic), as facts and compared with triplet rules extracted from using natural language processing to indicate the potential risks in the ongoing work. The high-performance results of Recall@100 demonstrated that the chosen method can precisely predict the interactions between objects and help to improve onsite hazard identification.
Effect of Chemical Warm Mix Additive on the Properties and Mechanical Performance of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Barraj Firas , Khatib Jamal , Castro Alberte , Elkordi Adel
Published: June 2022

Newer technologies such as warm mix asphalt (WMA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) have gained international approval and have been considered as appropriate solutions that support the sustainability goals of the highway sector. However, both technologies present some shortcomings. The lower mixing and compaction temperatures of WMA reduce the binder aging and the bond between the aggregates and the coating binder, thus resulting in less rutting resistance and higher moisture susceptibility. On the other hand, RAP mixes tend to be stiffer and more brittle than conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA) due to the effect of aged binder. This tends to increase the crack propagation distresses. In an attempt to overcome their individual shortcomings, this study investigated the new concept of a combined WMA-RAP technology. The chemical WMA additive Rediset LQ1102CE was utilized with mixtures incorporating low (15%), medium (25%), and high (45%) RAP contents. Dynamic modulus (DM) and flow number (FN) tests were conducted to investigate the effect of Rediset on the behavior of RAP mixtures. The dynamic modulus |E*| mastercurves were developed using the sigmoidal model and Franken model was used to fit the accumulated permanent deformation curve. The results of this study showed that Rediset addition improved the cracking resistance of RAP mixtures. However, the rutting resistance was reduced but kept within the acceptable range except for mixtures containing low RAP content.
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Jet Treatment of PAN-Nonwovens—Carbonization of Nanofiber Electrodes
Authors: Hoffmann Andreas , Uhl Matthias , Ceblin Maximilian , Rohrbach Felix , Bansmann Joachim , Mallah Marcel , Heuermann Holger , Jacob Timo , Kuehne Alexander J. C.
Published: June 2022

Carbon nanofibers are produced from dielectric polymer precursors such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Carbonized nanofiber nonwovens show high surface area and good electrical conductivity, rendering these fiber materials interesting for application as electrodes in batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. However, thermal processing is slow and costly, which is why new processing techniques have been explored for carbon fiber tows. Alternatives for the conversion of PAN-precursors into carbon fiber nonwovens are scarce. Here, we utilize an atmospheric pressure plasma jet to conduct carbonization of stabilized PAN nanofiber nonwovens. We explore the influence of various processing parameters on the conductivity and degree of carbonization of the converted nanofiber material. The precursor fibers are converted by plasma-jet treatment to carbon fiber nonwovens within seconds, by which they develop a rough surface making subsequent surface activation processes obsolete. The resulting carbon nanofiber nonwovens are applied as supercapacitor electrodes and examined by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. Nonwovens that are carbonized within 60 s show capacitances of up to 5 F g−1.
O-GlcNAcylation: An Emerging Protein Modification Regulating the Hippo Pathway
Authors: Kim Eunah , Kang Jeong Gu , Jho Eek-hoon , Yang Won Ho , Cho Jin Won
Published: June 2022

The balance between cellular proliferation and apoptosis and the regulation of cell differentiation must be established to maintain tissue homeostasis. These cellular responses involve the kinase cascade-mediated Hippo pathway as a crucial regulator. Hence, Hippo pathway dysregulation is implicated in diverse diseases, including cancer. O-GlcNAcylation is a non-canonical glycosylation that affects multiple signaling pathways through its interplay with phosphorylation in the nucleus and cytoplasm. An abnormal increase in the O-GlcNAcylation levels in various cancer cells is a potent factor in Hippo pathway dysregulation. Intriguingly, Hippo pathway dysregulation also disrupts O-GlcNAc homeostasis, leading to a persistent elevation of O-GlcNAcylation levels, which is potentially pathogenic in several diseases. Therefore, O-GlcNAcylation is gaining attention as a protein modification that regulates the Hippo pathway. This review presents a framework on how O-GlcNAcylation regulates the Hippo pathway and forms a self-perpetuating cycle with it. The pathological significance of this self-perpetuating cycle and clinical strategies for targeting O-GlcNAcylation that causes Hippo pathway dysregulation are also discussed.
Environmental Contaminants Modulate Breast Cancer Development and Outcome in TP53 p.R337H Carriers and Noncarriers
Authors: Gerber Viviane K. Q. , Paraizo Mariana M. , Ibañez Humberto C. , Casali-da-Rocha José C. , Pinto Emilia M. , Andrade Diancarlos P. , Ibañez Marilea V. C. , Komechen Heloisa , Figueiredo Mirna M. O. , Custódio Gislaine , Fiori Carmem M. C. M. , Balbinotti José H. G. , Nardin Jeanine M. , Almeida Thais A. , Beltrame Olair O. , Yamada Paula A. , de Fraga Gabriel S. , de Brito Lucas L. , Martins Jamylle , Melanda Viviane S. , Licht Otavio A. B. , Teixeira Victoria Z. , Pinho Sandy K. S. , Bottini Silvia , Lalli Enzo , Zambetti Gerard P. , Figueiredo Bonald C.
Published: June 2022

Two major concerns associated with cancer development in Paraná state, South Brazil, are environmental pollution and the germline TP53 p.R337H variant found in 0.27–0.30% of the population. We assessed breast cancer (BC) risk in rural (C1 and C2) and industrialized (C3) subregions, previously classified by geochemistry, agricultural productivity, and population density. C2 presents lower organochloride levels in rivers and lower agricultural outputs than C1, and lower levels of chlorine anions in rivers and lower industrial activities than C3. TP53 p.R337H status was assessed in 4658 women aged >30 years from C1, C2, and C3, subsequent to a genetic screening (Group 1, longitudinal study). BC risk in this group was 4.58 times higher among TP53 p.R337H carriers. BC prevalence and risk were significantly lower in C2 compared to that in C3. Mortality rate and risk associated with BC in women aged >30 years (n = 8181 deceased women; Group 2) were also lower in C2 than those in C3 and C1. These results suggest that environmental factors modulate BC risk and outcome in carriers and noncarriers.
Therapeutic Vulnerability to ATR Inhibition in Concurrent NF1 and ATRX-Deficient/ALT-Positive High-Grade Solid Tumors
Authors: Yuan Ming , Eberhart Charles G. , Pratilas Christine A. , Blakeley Jaishri O. , Davis Christine , Stojanova Marija , Reilly Karlyne , Meeker Alan K. , Heaphy Christopher M. , Rodriguez Fausto J.
Published: June 2022

Subsets of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)-associated solid tumors have been shown to display high frequencies of ATRX mutations and the presence of alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). We studied the phenotype of combined NF1 and ATRX deficiency in malignant solid tumors. Cell lines derived from NF1-deficient sporadic glioblastomas (U251, SF188), an NF1-associated ATRX mutant glioblastoma cell line (JHH-NF1-GBM1), an NF1-derived sarcoma cell line (JHH-CRC65), and two NF1-deficient MPNST cell lines (ST88-14, NF90.8) were utilized. Cancer cells were treated with ATR inhibitors, with or without a MEK inhibitor or temozolomide. In contrast to the glioma cell line SF188, combined ATRX knockout (KO) and TERC KO led to ALT-like properties and sensitized U251 glioma cells to ATR inhibition in vitro and in vivo. In addition, ATR inhibitors sensitized U251 cells to temozolomide, but not MEK inhibition, irrespective of ATRX level manipulation; whereas, the JHH-NF1-GBM1 cell line demonstrated sensitivity to ATR inhibition, but not temozolomide. Similar effects were noted using the MPNST cell line NF90.8 after combined ATRX knockdown and TERC KO; however, not in ST88-14. Taken together, our study supports the feasibility of targeting the ATR pathway in subsets of NF1-deficient and associated tumors.
A Novel Proteogenomic Integration Strategy Expands the Breadth of Neo-Epitope Sources
Authors: Xiang Haitao , Zhang Le , Bu Fanyu , Guan Xiangyu , Chen Lei , Zhang Haibo , Zhao Yuntong , Chen Huanyi , Zhang Weicong , Li Yijian , Lee Leo Jingyu , Mei Zhanlong , Rao Yuan , Gu Ying , Hou Yong , Mu Feng , Dong Xuan
Published: June 2022

Tumor-specific antigens can activate T cell-based antitumor immune responses and are ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy. However, their identification is still challenging. Although mass spectrometry can directly identify human leukocyte antigen (HLA) binding peptides in tumor cells, it focuses on tumor-specific antigens derived from annotated protein-coding regions constituting only 1.5% of the genome. We developed a novel proteogenomic integration strategy to expand the breadth of tumor-specific epitopes derived from all genomic regions. Using the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 as a model, we accurately identified 10,737 HLA-presented peptides, 1293 of which were non-canonical peptides that traditional database searches could not identify. Moreover, we found eight tumor neo-epitopes derived from somatic mutations, four of which were not previously reported. Our findings suggest that this new proteogenomic approach holds great promise for increasing the number of tumor-specific antigen candidates, potentially enlarging the tumor target pool and improving cancer immunotherapy.
Metastases to the Thyroid Gland: What Can We Do?
Authors: Tang Qiushi , Wang Zhihong
Published: June 2022

Metastases to the thyroid gland arise from other malignant tumors such as renal cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. In clinical practice, the incidence is low, and the symptoms are not specific, so it is often missed and misdiagnosed. It is finally diagnosed via the comprehensive application of many diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, and immunohistochemistry analysis. Surgery-based comprehensive treatment is often adopted, but because it is usually in the late stage of the primary tumor, the prognosis is poor. In order to better understand the related characteristics of thyroid metastatic cancer and then improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment and the prognosis of patients, in this paper, we systematically summarize the research status of thyroid metastatic cancer.
The Increasing Role of CT-Guided Cryoablation for the Treatment of Liver Cancer: A Single-Center Report
Authors: Pusceddu Claudio , Mascia Luigi , Ninniri Chiara , Ballicu Nicola , Zedda Stefano , Melis Luca , Deiana Giulia , Porcu Alberto , Fancellu Alessandro
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Cryoablation (CrA) is a minimally invasive treatment that can be used in primary and metastatic liver cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of CrA in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the patients who had CrA for HCC or liver metastases between 2015 and 2020. Technical success, complete ablation, CrA-related complications, local tumor progression, local recurrences, and distant metastases were evaluated in the study population. In patients with HCC, the median survival was also estimated. Results: Sixty-four liver tumors in 49 patients were treated with CrA (50 metastases and 14 HCC). The mean tumor diameter was 2.15 cm. The mean follow-up was 19.8 months. Technical success was achieved in the whole study population. Complete tumor ablation was observed after one month in 92% of lesions treated with CrA (79% and 96% in the HCC Group and metastases Group, respectively, p < 0.001). Local tumor progression occurred in 12.5 of lesions, with no difference between the study groups (p = 0.105). Sixteen patients (33%) developed local recurrence (45% and 29% in the HCC Group and metastases Group, respectively, p = 0.477). Seven patients (14%) developed distant metastases in the follow-up period. Ten patients (20.8%) underwent redo CrA for local recurrence or incomplete tumor ablation. Minor complications were observed in 14% of patients. In patients with HCC, the median survival was 22 months. Conclusions: CrA can be safely used for treatment of HCC and liver metastases not amenable of surgical resection. Further studies are necessary to better define the role of CrA in the multidisciplinary treatment of liver malignancies.
Management of Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Present and Upcoming Perspectives
Authors: Kaddu-Mulindwa Dominic , Thurner Lorenz , Christofyllakis Konstantinos , Bewarder Moritz , Kos Igor Age
Published: June 2022

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) encompasses a subgroup of non-Hodgkin lymphomas that often present with localized involvement and may manifest in a diversity of organs and tissues. EMZL pathogenesis is in some cases linked to chronic inflammation/infection, which may impose additional diagnostic and clinical challenges. The most studied and established connection is the presence of Helicobacter pylori in gastric EMZL. Due to its heterogeneity of presentation and intricate pathological features, treatment can be complex, and staging systems are decisive for the choice of therapy. Nevertheless, there is no consensus regarding the most suitable staging system, and recommendations vary among different countries. As a rule of thumb, in limited stages, a local therapy with surgery or radiation is the preferred option, and it is potentially curative. Of note, eradicating the causal agent may be an important step of treatment, especially in gastric EMZL, in which Helicobacter pylori eradication remains the first-line therapy for the majority of patients. In patients with more advanced stages, watch-and-wait is a valuable option, especially amongst those without clear indications for systemic therapy, and it may be carried on for several years. If watch-and-wait is not an option, systemic therapy may be needed. Even though several agents have been tested as monotherapy or in combination in recent years, there is no consensus regarding the first-line therapy, and decisions can vary depending on individual factors, such as age, clinical performance and stage. This review aims to discuss the several aspects of EMZL, including genetic milieu, pathogenesis and staging systems, that may influence the choice of therapy. In addition, we present a summary of evidence of several systemic therapies, compare different recommendations worldwide and discuss future perspectives and novelties in its therapy.
Degradation of Rhodamine B in Wastewater by Iron-Loaded Attapulgite Particle Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst
Authors: Zhou Peiguo , Dai Zongbiao , Lu Tianyu , Ru Xin , Ofori Meshack Appiah , Yang Wenjing , Hou Jiaxin , Jin Hui
Published: June 2022

The water pollution caused by industry emissions makes effluent treatment a serious matter that needs to be settled. Heterogeneous Fenton oxidation has been recognized as an effective means to degrade pollutants in water. Attapulgite can be used as a catalyst carrier because of its distinctive spatial crystal structure and surface ion exchange. In this study, iron ions were transported on attapulgite particles to generate an iron-supporting attapulgite particles catalyst. BET, EDS, SEM and XRD characterized the catalysts. The particle was used as a heterogeneous catalyst to degrade rhodamine B (RhB) dye in wastewater. The effects of H2O2 concentration, initial pH value, catalyst dosage and temperature on the degradation of dyes were studied. The results showed that the decolorization efficiency was consistently maintained after consecutive use of a granular catalyst five times, and the removal rate was more than 98%. The degradation and mineralization effect of cationic dyes by granular catalyst was better than that of anionic dyes. Hydroxyl radicals play a dominant role in RhB catalytic degradation. The dynamic change and mechanism of granular catalysts in catalytic degradation of RhB were analyzed. In this study, the application range of attapulgite was widened. The prepared granular catalyst was cheap, stable and efficient, and could be used to treat refractory organic wastewater.
Graphyne Nanotubes as Promising Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Song Xiaoxue , Ma Jiapeng , Chen Yanqi , Wang Fangfang , Kang Baotao , Lee Jin Yong
Published: June 2022

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising candidates for the replacement of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of sodium’s abundant reserves and the lower cost of sodium compared to lithium. This is a topic of interest for developing novel anodes with high storage capacity. Owing to their low cost, high stability, and conductivity, carbon-based materials have been studied extensively. However, sp2-C based carbon materials have low-rate capacities. Intensive density functional theory calculations have been implemented to explore the applicability of α, β, and γ graphyne nanotubes (αGyNTs, βGyNTs, and γGyNTs, respectively) as SIB anodes. Results suggest that (3, 0)-αGyNT, (2, 2)-βGyNT, and (4, 0)-γGyNT have, respectively, maximum Na storage capacities of 1535, 1302, and 1001 mAh/g, which exceeds the largest reported value of carbon materials (N-doped graphene foams with 852.6 mAh/g capacity). It was determined that αGyNTs have the largest storage capacity of the three types because they possess the largest specific surface area. Moreover, the larger pores of αGyNTs and βGyNTs allow easier diffusion and penetration of Na atoms compared to those of γGyNTs, which could result in better rate capacity.
Reconstruction of Electronic Structure of MOF-525 via Metalloporphyrin for Enhanced Photoelectro-Fenton Process
Authors: Qi Chenhui , Han Shuaipeng , Lin Jialiang , Cheng Jianhua , Du Kesi , Hu Yongyou , Chen Yuancai
Published: June 2022

Photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) process can continuously promote the occurrence of Fenton reaction and the generation of active species, which is an advanced oxidation technology for pollutant degradation. However, the lack of bifunctional catalysts restricts the development of PEF technology. In this study, the electronic rearrangement MOF-525 modified by metalloporphyrin (named MOF-525-Fe/Zr) was prepared, to load on the carbon felt as a novel cathode catalyst, which is used in PEF process. A series of characterization and photoelectric chemical properties tests combined with DFT calculation showed that the modification of MOF-525 could not only have the large specific surface area and multistage pore structure but also co-stimulate the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand-to-cluster charge transfer (LCCT) by photoelectric synergy. These charge transitions provide periodic electron donor-acceptor conduction paths in MOF-525-Fe/Zr, which can improve the active species formation and transfer efficiency. Owing to their favorable pore and electronic structure as well as stability, MOF-525-Fe/Zr shows great promise for the application in the catalytic process of PEF. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation was enhanced by MOF-525-Fe/Zr with the TOC removal rate above 75% both in river water and tap water. Finally, the reasonable pathway of PEF catalytic degradation of SMX was proposed by HPLC-MS analysis. In conclusion, this study provides a new idea for reconstructing the electronic structure of MOFs catalyst and broadening the practical application of PEF technology.
The Senescence Markers p16INK4A, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 in Organ Development and Homeostasis
Authors: Wagner Kay-Dietrich , Wagner Nicole
Published: June 2022

It is widely accepted that senescent cells accumulate with aging. They are characterized by replicative arrest and the release of a myriad of factors commonly called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Despite the replicative cell cycle arrest, these cells are metabolically active and functional. The release of SASP factors is mostly thought to cause tissue dysfunction and to induce senescence in surrounding cells. As major markers for aging and senescence, p16INK4, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 are established. Importantly, senescence is also implicated in development, cancer, and tissue homeostasis. While many markers of senescence have been identified, none are able to unambiguously identify all senescent cells. However, increased levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16INK4A and p21 are often used to identify cells with senescence-associated phenotypes. We review here the knowledge of senescence, p16INK4A, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 in embryonic and postnatal development and potential functions in pathophysiology and homeostasis. The establishment of senolytic therapies with the ultimate goal to improve healthy aging requires care and detailed knowledge about the involvement of senescence and senescence-associated proteins in developmental processes and homeostatic mechanism. The review contributes to these topics, summarizes open questions, and provides some directions for future research.
When Electrospun Fiber Support Matters: In Vitro Ovine Long-Term Folliculogenesis on Poly (Epsilon Caprolactone) (PCL)-Patterned Fibers
Authors: Di Berardino Chiara , Liverani Liliana , Peserico Alessia , Capacchietti Giulia , Russo Valentina , Bernabò Nicola , Tosi Umberto , Boccaccini Aldo Roberto , Barboni Barbara
Published: June 2022

Current assisted reproduction technologies (ART) are insufficient to cover the slice of the population needing to restore fertility, as well as to amplify the reproductive performance of domestic animals or endangered species. The design of dedicated reproductive scaffolds has opened the possibility to better recapitulate the reproductive 3D ovarian environment, thus potentially innovating in vitro folliculogenesis (ivF) techniques. To this aim, the present research has been designed to compare ovine preantral follicles in vitro culture on poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL)-based electrospun scaffolds designed with different topology (Random vs. Patterned fibers) with a previously validated system. The ivF performances were assessed after 14 days under 3D-oil, Two-Step (7 days in 3D-oil and on scaffold), or One-Step PCL protocols (14 days on PCL-scaffold) by assessing morphological and functional outcomes. The results show that Two- and One-Step PCL ivF protocols, when performed on patterned scaffolds, were both able to support follicle growth, antrum formation, and the upregulation of follicle marker genes leading to a greater oocyte meiotic competence than in the 3D-oil system. In conclusion, the One-Step approach could be proposed as a practical and valid strategy to support a synergic follicle-oocyte in vitro development, providing an innovative tool to enhance the availability of matured gametes on an individual basis for ART purposes.
A Robust Assay to Monitor Ataxin-3 Amyloid Fibril Assembly
Authors: Figueiredo Francisco , Lopes-Marques Mónica , Almeida Bruno , Matscheko Nena , Martins Pedro M. , Silva Alexandra , Macedo-Ribeiro Sandra
Published: June 2022

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is caused by the expansion of a glutamine repeat in the protein ataxin-3, which is deposited as intracellular aggregates in affected brain regions. Despite the controversial role of ataxin-3 amyloid structures in SCA3 pathology, the identification of molecules with the capacity to prevent aberrant self-assembly and stabilize functional conformation(s) of ataxin-3 is a key to the development of therapeutic solutions. Amyloid-specific kinetic assays are routinely used to measure rates of protein self-assembly in vitro and are employed during screening for fibrillation inhibitors. The high tendency of ataxin-3 to assemble into oligomeric structures implies that minor changes in experimental conditions can modify ataxin-3 amyloid assembly kinetics. Here, we determine the self-association rates of ataxin-3 and present a detailed study of the aggregation of normal and pathogenic ataxin-3, highlighting the experimental conditions that should be considered when implementing and validating ataxin-3 amyloid progress curves in different settings and in the presence of ataxin-3 interactors. This assay provides a unique and robust platform to screen for modulators of the first steps of ataxin-3 aggregation—a starting point for further studies with cell and animal models of SCA3.
LTα, TNF, and ILC3 in Peyer’s Patch Organogenesis
Authors: Gogoleva Violetta S. , Kuprash Dmitry V. , Grivennikov Sergei I. , Tumanov Alexei V. , Kruglov Andrey A. , Nedospasov Sergei A.
Published: June 2022

TNF and LTα are structurally related cytokines of the TNF superfamily. Their genes are located in close proximity to each other and to the Ltb gene within the TNF/LT locus inside MHC. Unlike Ltb, transcription of Tnf and of Lta is tightly controlled, with the Tnf gene being an immediate early gene that is rapidly induced in response to various inflammatory stimuli. Genes of the TNF/LT locus play a crucial role in lymphoid tissue organogenesis, although some aspects of their specific contribution remain controversial. Here, we present new findings and discuss the distinct contribution of TNF produced by ILC3 cells to Peyer’s patch organogenesis.
Changes in the Oxidation-Reduction State of Human Dermal Fibroblasts as an Effect of Lomefloxacin Phototoxic Action
Authors: Kowalska Justyna , Banach Klaudia , Rzepka Zuzanna , Rok Jakub , Karkoszka Marta , Wrześniok Dorota
Published: June 2022

Phototoxicity induced by antibiotics is a real problem in health care. The discontinuation of antibiotic therapy due to a phototoxic reaction can lead to the development of resistant strains. Fluoroquinolones are widely used antibiotics that exhibit phototoxic activity under UVA radiation. The purpose of the study was to examine the redox status of human dermal fibroblasts exposed to UVA radiation and treated with lomefloxacin, the most phototoxic fluoroquinolone. Lomefloxacin alone was found to have an antiproliferative activity on fibroblasts by affecting the cell cycle. In addition, the drug caused a redox imbalance associated with the decreased expression of catalase and glutathione peroxidase. UVA radiation increased the drug cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by lomefloxacin. The decrease in cell viability was accompanied by a high level of reactive oxygen species and extensive changes in the antioxidant levels. The revealed data indicate that the phototoxic action of lomefloxacin results from both increased reactive oxygen species production and an impaired antioxidant defense system. Considering all of the findings, it can be concluded that lomefloxacin-induced phototoxic reactions are caused by an oxidoreductive imbalance in skin cells.
Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage and Potential Targeted Therapy in COVID-19
Authors: Zha Duoduo , Fu Mingui , Qian Yisong
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 is characterized by progressive respiratory failure resulting from diffuse alveolar damage, inflammatory infiltrates, endotheliitis, and pulmonary and systemic coagulopathy forming obstructive microthrombi with multi-organ dysfunction, indicating that endothelial cells (ECs) play a central role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The glycocalyx is defined as a complex gel-like layer of glycosylated lipid–protein mixtures, which surrounds all living cells and acts as a buffer between the cell and the extracellular matrix. The endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) plays an important role in vascular homeostasis via regulating vascular permeability, cell adhesion, mechanosensing for hemodynamic shear stresses, and antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory functions. Here, we review the new findings that described EGL damage in ARDS, coagulopathy, and the multisystem inflammatory disease associated with COVID-19. Mechanistically, the inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), the glycocalyx fragments, and the viral proteins may contribute to endothelial glycocalyx damage in COVID-19. In addition, the potential therapeutic strategies targeting the EGL for the treatment of severe COVID-19 are summarized and discussed.
The Possible Role of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in the SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Pérez-Torres Israel , Soto María Elena , Guarner-Lans Verónica , Manzano-Pech Linaloe , Soria-Castro Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the second rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. This enzyme is present in the cytoplasm of all mammalian cells, and its activity is essential for an adequate functioning of the antioxidant system and for the response of innate immunity. It is responsible for the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), the first redox equivalent, in the pentose phosphate pathway. Viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 may induce the Warburg effect with an increase in anaerobic glycolysis and production of lactate. This condition ensures the success of viral replication and production of the virion. Therefore, the activity of G6PD may be increased in COVID-19 patients raising the level of the NADPH, which is needed for the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems that counteract the oxidative stress caused by the cytokine storm. G6PD deficiency affects approximately 350–400 million people worldwide; therefore, it is one of the most prevalent diseases related to enzymatic deficiency worldwide. In G6PD-deficient patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2, the amount of NADPH is reduced, increasing the susceptibility for viral infection. There is loss of the redox homeostasis in them, resulting in severe pneumonia and fatal outcomes.
Multicomponent Electrocatalytic Selective Approach to Unsymmetrical Spiro[furo[3,2-c]pyran-2,5′-pyrimidine] Scaffold under a Column Chromatography-Free Protocol at Room Temperature
Authors: Ryzhkova Yuliya E. , Elinson Michail N. , Vereshchagin Anatoly N. , Karpenko Kirill A. , Ryzhkov Fedor V. , Ushakov Ivan E. , Egorov Mikhail P.
Published: June 2022

Electrochemical synthesis suggested a mild, green and atom-efficient route to interesting and useful molecules, thus avoiding harsh chemical oxidizing and reducing agents used in traditional synthetic methods. Organic electrochemistry offers an excellent alternative to conventional methods of organic synthesis and creates a modern tool for carrying out organic synthesis, including cascade and multicomponent ones. In this research, a novel electrocatalytic multicomponent transformation was found: the electrochemical multicomponent assembly of arylaldehydes, N,N′-dimethylbarbituric acid and 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one in one pot reaction was carried out in alcohols in an undivided cell in the presence of alkali metal halides with the selective formation of substituted unsymmetrical 1′,3′,6-trimethyl-3-aryl-2′H,3H,4H-spiro[furo[3,2-c]pyran-2,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-tetraones in 73–82% yields. This new electrocatalytic process is a selective, facile and efficient way to obtain spiro[furo[3,2-c]pyran-2,5′-pyrimidines]. According to screening molecular docking data using a self-made Python script in Flare, all synthesized compounds may be prominent for different medical applications, such as breast cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and treatments connected with urinary tract, bones and the cardiovascular system.
Pd-GaSe and Pd3-GaSe Monolayers: Two Promising Candidates for Detecting Dissolved Gases in Transformer Oil
Authors: Hou Tianyu , Zeng Wen , Zhou Qu
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the adsorption behaviors of three gases (H2, CO, and C2H2) decomposed by the transformer oil on Pd-GaSe and Pd3-GaSe monolayers were calculated by density functional theory. Compared with Pd single-atom doping, Pd3 cluster doping changed the original structure and charge distribution to a greater extent, and more obviously improved the conductivity. According to the analysis of adsorption energy, charge transfer and deformation charge density, the results show that the two doped structures have better adsorption performance for the three gas molecules (H2, CO, and C2H2) than the intrinsic GaSe monolayer. Compared with Pd-GaSe, Pd3-GaSe showed stronger adsorption property for the three gases. Analysis of frontier molecular orbitals and recovery characteristics shows that Pd3-GaSe can be used as an ideal gas sensitive material for H2 detection because of its good desorption properties and obvious conductivity changes. Pd-GaSe can be used as a disposable resistive sensor for CO. Pd3-GaSe is a kind of sensing material suitable for disposable resistance sensors for CO and C2H2. These two doped structures have great application potential in gas adsorption and detection, and provide indications for further study on gas sensor detection by means of metal-doped GaSe monolayer.