bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Upper Limb Functionality, Gross and Fine Motor Skills, Autonomy, and Quality of Life in Acute Stroke Patients: A Mirror Therapy, Cognitive Therapeutic Exercise, and Task-Oriented Training
Authors: Fernández-Solana Jessica , Vélez-Santamaría Rodrigo , Moreno-Villanueva Adrián , Álvarez-Pardo Sergio , González-Bernal Jerónimo J. , Santamaría-Peláez Mirian , González-Santos Josefa
Published: February 2024

Mirror Therapy (MT) and Cognitive Therapeutic Exercise (CTE) are two neurorehabilitation techniques based on neuroplasticity and designed to enhance the functionality of the upper limb. Therefore, the aim is to assess the effectiveness of the combination of CTE and MT with task-oriented training (TOT) on fine and gross motor skills of the affected hand, as well as the functionality of the affected upper limb, autonomy, independence, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with acute stroke. This longitudinal and multicenter study involved a sample of 120 participants selected randomly and consecutively. Three groups were formed, including a control group (CG) and two treatment groups, one with MT and the other with CTE. The functionality of the upper limb, fine and gross motor skills, the quantity and quality of use of the affected upper limb, autonomy, and QoL were evaluated using various scales validated in the Spanish population at the baseline, after 20 treatment sessions, and at three months of follow-up. ANCOVA analysis was conducted, revealing statistically significant differences between assessments in the CG compared to the experimental groups (GEs), indicating a notable improvement in overall functionality, fine and gross motor skills, autonomy, and QoL in the latter. However, there were no significant differences between the GEs. Therefore, the application of either of these experimental combinations is crucial for the motor recovery, functionality, and improvement of the quality of life of individuals who have suffered a stroke.
The Plethora of Microbes with Anti-inflammatory Activities
Authors: Tsvetanova Flora
Published: February 2024

Inflammation which has important functions in human defense systems and in maintaining the dynamic homeostasis of the body has become a major risk factor for the progression of many chronic diseases. Although the applied medical products alleviate the general status, they still exert adverse effects in the long term. For this reason, the solution should be sought in more harmless and affordable agents. Microorganisms offer a wide range of active substances with anti-inflammatory properties. They propose important advantages such as renewable and inexhaustible nature. This review aims at the most recent updates on the microorganisms of different type and genera being carriers of anti-inflammatory activity.
Lung Microbiota and Ventilator‐Associated Pneumonia in the Neonatal Period
Authors: García-Muñoz Rodrigo Fermín , Urquía Martí Lourdes , Siguero Onrubia Marta , Borges Luján Moreyba , Galán Henríquez Gloria M , Reyes Suárez Desiderio Z
Published: February 2024

The lung microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that colonize the respiratory tract of individuals from or even before birth. Although the lungs were traditionally believed to be sterile, recent research has shown that there is a diversity of bacterial species in the respiratory system. Knowledge about the lung microbiota in the newborn and its relationship with bacterial infections is of vital importance to understand the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases in neona-tal patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. In this article, the current evidence on the compo-sition of the lung microbiota in the newborn will be reviewed, as well as its role in the develop-ment of bacterial infections in mechanically ventilated neonates. Although advances in many as-pects of the neonatal intensive care unit care have significantly improved the survival of preterm infants, the diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia has not progressed in recent decades. Avoiding dysbiosis caused by inappropriate use of antibiotics around birth, as well as avoiding intubation of patients or promoting early removal of endotracheal tubes are among the most important preventive measures for ventilator-associated pneumonia. The use of probiotics and prebiotics to prevent infectious, allergic or metabolic complications in the short or long term constitutes a very important field of research in perinatal medicine.
The Interplay Between Tunneling and Parity Violation in Chiral Molecules
Authors: Martínez-Gil Daniel , Bargueño Pedro , Miret-Artés Salvador
Published: February 2024

In this brief review, the concepts of quantum tunneling and parity violation are introduced in the context of chiral molecules. A particle moving in a double well potential provides a good model to study the behavior of chiral molecules, where the left well and right well represent the L and R enantiomers, respectively. If the model considers the quantum behavior of matter, the concept of quantum tunneling emerges, giving place to a stereomutation dynamics between left- and right-handed chiral molecules. Parity-violating interactions, like the electroweak one, can be also considered, making possible the existence of an energy difference between the L and R enantiomers, the so-called parity-violating energy difference (PVED). Here we provide a brief account of some theoretical methods usually employed to calculate this PVED, also commenting on relevant experiments devoted to experimentally detect the aforementioned PVED in chiral molecules.
Evaluation of the impact of distributed generation on voltage and power losses in the electrical distribution network
Authors: Ustinov Dens , Abou rashid Aysar
Published: February 2024

The increasing expansion of the use of renewable distributed generation (RDG) technologies in electrical networks such as solar plants or wind farms and others has changed the nature of the distributed system and transformed it from the traditional system into an efficient system. This system has led to various technical effects in the host networks, with regard to voltage, electrical energy losses, fault levels, stability and electrical energy quality. These effects are not generic to any network; It can be positive, negative or neutral depending on the structure of the studied network, its operational condition and the various technology of the distributed generators. This research aims to quantitatively correct the effects of (RDG) in terms of voltage and electrical energy losses in the host networks. , since efficient distribution systems contain generators of a special nature and often contain bidirectional flux energy, it was necessary to construct a mathematical model of the distribution system hosting RDG units, which is fundamentally different from the traditional model of defining the reference electrical distribution bus bar. In order to achieve the systematic analysis, evaluation criteria and indicators were determined and mathematical formulas for them were completed. Based on the accomplished mathematical basis, an algorithm designed in such a way that it can be applied to any multi-voltage distribution system and to different distributed regenerative generation techniques is proposed. To demonstrate the algorithm's capabilities, it was tested on typical distribution networks using Factory Power DigSilent software, which is somewhat similar to MATLAB but more suitable for large capacity systems.
Daily Self-Health Management and the Role of Nurses of Diabetic Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review
Authors: He Jianxun , Li Beilei , Bo Yan , Zhang Minghui , Miao Chuhan
Published: February 2024

Aims: The study aims to take the COVID-19 pandemic as an example to provide a scientific reference for diabetic patients’ self-health management and nurses’ work for these patients when facing future pandemics. Review Methods: It conducted a comprehensive literature search and analysed relevant texts. This article reviews the daily health management of diabetic patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the role that nurses should play in this process. Results: Diabetic patients face challenges in self-health management during the pandemic, including disruptions in healthcare access, increased mental problems, and unhealthy lifestyles. Nurses serve as the front-line interface between these patients and the healthcare system. Adopting telehealth and remote consultation has effectively bridged the gap created by social distancing measures. Conclusion: Daily self-health management can significantly improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications, which is vital during the pandemic when patients may be experiencing disruptions to their routine care. Moreover, empowering patients through educational initiatives led by nurses can bring better self-monitoring, medication adherence, and lifestyle modifications, all of which are crucial in mitigating the effects of diabetes on the body’s immune response, thus reducing the severity of COVID-19 if contracted.
V-ATPase Proton Pump May Take Part to Drug-Resistance Phenotype of Glioma Stem Cells
Authors: Giambra Martina , Di Cristofori Andrea , Raimondo Francesca , Rigolio Roberta , Conconi Donatella , Chiarello Gaia , Tabano Silvia Maria , Antolini Laura , Nicolini Gabriella , Bua Miriam , Ferlito Davide , Carrabba Giorgio , Giussani Carlo Giorgio , Lavitrano Marialuisa , Bentivegna Angela
Published: February 2024

The vacuolar proton translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) is a transmembrane multi-protein complex fundamental in maintaining a normal intracellular pH. In the tumoral contest, its role is crucial since the metabolism is mainly based on anaerobic glycolytic reactions. Moreover, the neoplastic cells use the V-ATPase to extrude chemotherapy drugs to the extra-cellular compartment, as a drug-resistance mechanism. In glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant and incurable primary brain tumor, the expression of this pump is upregulated, making it a new possible therapeutic target. In this work, the bafilomycin A1 induced-inhibition of V-ATPase in patients-derived glioma stem cell (GSC) lines was evaluated together with temozolomide, the first-line line therapy against GBM. In contrast with previous published data, the proposed treatment did not overcome the resistance to the standard therapy. In addition, our data showed that nanomolar dosages of bafilomycin A1 lead to the blockage of the autophagy process and cellular necrosis, making the drug unusable in models that are more complex. Nevertheless, the increased expression of V-ATPase following bafilomycin A1 suggests a critical role of the proton pump in GBM stem component, encouraging the search for novel strategies to limit its activity in order to get around the resistance to the conventional therapy.
Digital Transformation of Material Flow and Workplace Design: A Comprehensive Case Study Analysis
Authors: Zuzik Jan , Furmannova Beata , Dulina Luboslav , Kukla Sławomir
Published: February 2024

The main purpose of this study was to design a workplace in the conditions of a digital factory. The goal of this study is to compile a proposal for improving the layout solution in the selected enterprise to reduce material flows between individual workplaces. In addition, the workplace research study uses methods of material flow analysis with the application of visTABLE software support, which serves as a tool for designing production processes. The main result of the study was the reduction of the production time of the beam by 10 minutes and the creation of proposals for solutions for the company. The study helped with the visualization of processes within the digital factory to simplify and clarify processes at the workplace.
Hedgehog on the Move: Glypican-Regulated Transport and Gradient Formation in Drosophila
Authors: Jiménez-Jiménez Carlos , Grobe Kay , Guerrero Isabel
Published: February 2024

Glypicans are a family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans that are attached to the outer plasma membrane leaflet of the producing cell by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Glypicans are involved in the regulation of many signalling pathways, including those that regulate the activities of Wnts, Hedgehog (Hh), Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), among others. In the Hh signalling pathway, glypicans have been shown to be essential for ligand transport and the formation of Hh gradients over long distances, for the maintenance of Hh levels in the extracellular matrix and for its unimpaired reception in distant recipient cells. Recently, two mechanistic models have been proposed to explain how Hh can form the signalling gradient and how glypicans may contribute to it. In this review, we describe the structure, biochemistry and metabolism of glypicans and their interactions with different components of the Hh signalling pathway that are important for the release, transport and reception of Hh.
Crispr-cas System: Classification, Benefits, Applications And Function
Authors: Nazir Taha , A. Mirza Hameed , Taha Nida
Published: February 2024

Because it can make exact double-strand breaks in DNA, CRISPR-Cas9 can help almost every species and type of cell. It is a powerful way to change the DNA code. CRISPR-Cas9 can be used for a lot more than just changing genes. We are close to being able to do high-throughput gene screening, epigenome editing, in-vivo cell tagging, and RNA change. With the help of CRISPR-Cas9, the function of genes can be studied better, and more realistic disease models can be made. The revolutionary new discipline of gene editing has the potential to profoundly impact healthcare and the life sciences. By simplifying the process of creating double-strand breaks in the DNA of almost any species or kind of cell, CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized gene editing. Numerous applications have been found for the CRISPR-Cas9 system. High-throughput gene screening, RNA modification, live-cell chromosome marking, and epigenome editing are all examples. CRISPR-Cas9 facilitates gene research, leading to the development of CRISPR-based disease models. CRISPR-Cas9-based methods of altering the genome will aid researchers in learning more about sickness and discovering better ways to cure it, despite the fact that there are still many questions and large difficulties to answer.
HPLC-qTOF-MS/MS Based Profiling Reveals Anthocyanin Profile Alterations in Berries of Hybrid Muscadine Variety FLH 13-11 in Two Continuous Cropping Seasons
Authors: YUZUAK Seyit , Ballington James , Li Gui , Xie Deyu
Published: February 2024

FLH 13-11 is an F1 interspecific hybrid muscadine grape genotype that was developed to produce new anthocyanins for pigment color stability. This hybrid resulted from a cross between ‘Marsh’ (Vitis munsoniana) and ‘Magoon’ (V. rotundifolia). This report characterizes the anthocyanins produced in fully ripe berries, and reveals a significant difference in total anthocyanin contents from two continuous cropping seasons. High-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and HPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-qTOF-MS/MS) were used to profile anthocyanins in berries. The resulting data showed that fourteen anthocyanins were detected, six from 2011 and nine from 2012, with only one produced in both seasons. However, the anthocyanidin profiles of berries were the same. Five anthocyanins were annotated as diglucosides of anthocyanidins based on MS/MS features, including delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside produced in both seasons, cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside mainly formed in 2011, petunidin 3,5-diglucoside, malvidin 3,5-diglucoside, and peonidin 3,5-glucoside only detected in 2012. Also, three anthocyanidin-diglucoside like anthocyanins and three monoglucosides including peonidin 3- glucoside, delphinidin 3- glucoside like, and pelargonidin 3- glucoside like anthocyanins, were detected in 2011 and 2012, respectively. These results indicate that FLH 13-11 can produce both anthocyanidin-diglucosides and -monoglucosides, and their biosynthesis is closely dependent on cropping years.
Effect of Chitin Nanocrystals Deacetylation on a Nature-Mimicking Interface in Carbon Fiber Composites
Authors: Abdel-Mohsen A. M. , Abdel-Rahman R. M. , Kalina L. , Vishakha V , Kaprálková Ludmila , Nemecek Pavel , Jancar Josef , Kelnar Ivan
Published: February 2024

The formation of a rigid tough interface based on a nacre-like structure in carbon fiber (CF) composites is a promising way to eliminate low delamination resistance. An effective method of coating CFs is electrophoretic deposition (EPD), which, in the case of dissimilar components like graphene oxide (GO) and polymeric glue, usually requires their chemical bonding/ strong interactions. In this work, we focus on chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs), leading to an excellent mechanical performance of artificial nacre, where favorable interactions and bonding with GO were controlled by degrees of deacetylation (5, 15 and 30 %). We have prepared coatings based on GO/ChNCs adducts with 95/5, 90/10,50/50 and 25/75 ratios using optimized EPD conditions (pH, concentration, voltage and time). The prepared materials were characterized using FTIR, TEM, XPS, SEM, DLS, and XRD. SEM evaluation indicates the formation of a homogeneous interlayer, which possesses a fair ability of chemical bonding with the epoxy matrix. Short beam testing of epoxy matrix composites indicates that coating does not decrease stiffness and its relatively low dependence on composition. Therefore, all coatings are promising for a detailed study of delamination resistance using laminate samples. Moreover, facile EPD from water solution/ suspension has a fair potential for industrial applications.
Microsatellite Sequence Polymorphisms Reveals Substantial Diversity in Caribbean Breadfruit [Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg] Germplasm
Authors: Daley Oral O , Alleyne Angela T , Roberts-Nkrumah Laura B , Motilal Lambert A
Published: February 2024

Breadfruit [Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg] is recognized as a tropical fruit tree crop with great potential to contribute to food and nutrition security in the Caribbean and other tropical regions. However, the genetic diversity and identification of germplasm in the Caribbean and elsewhere is not well understood and documented. This hampers the effective conservation and use of the genetic resources of the tree crop for commercial activities. This study assessed the genetic identity, diversity, ancestry, and phylogeny of breadfruit germplasm existing in Caribbean and recently introduced accessions using 117 SNPs from 10 SSR amplicon sequences. The results showed that there was high genetic diversity in the breadfruit germplasm in the Caribbean, as well as the newly introduced breadfruit accessions based on nucleotide diversity (π_T) and nucleotide polymorphism (θ_W). Furthermore, based on these measures of genetic diversity, there were no significant differences between existing Caribbean breadfruit accessions and newly introduced breadfruit accessions which are known to be highly diverse. Ancestry and phylogeny analysis corroborated the genetic relatedness of these two groups with accessions of these groups being present in both main germplasm clusters. This suggests that the existing Caribbean breadfruit germplasm harbors a higher level of genetic diversity than expected.
Evaluating the Endangered Mechanism and Different Conservation Effects of Pinus squamata from the Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Community Perspective
Authors: Li Fengrong , Lu Shugang , Sun Weibang
Published: February 2024

Pinus squamata is one of the most threatened conifer endemic to northeastern Yunnan Province, China, and it is prioritized as one of the Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP) for urgent protection in China. However, we lack a comprehensive consideration of the protection effect and the endangered mechanism, especially based on the underground growth status of endangered plants. The integrated study of soil properties and rhizosphere bacteria can assist conservation to understand therequired conditions for the protection and survival of rare and endangered species. In our study, bacterial communities in wild, ex-situ, and reintroduced P. squamata rhizosphere were compared using Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA genes. We determined the soil physicochemical properties, analyzed the relationships between the bacterial communities and soil physicochemical factors, and predicted the potential bacterial ecological functions. The reintroduced site Qiaojia (RQ) had the highest richness and diversity. Samples were scattered (R = 0.93, P = 0.001), indicating significant difference between the different conservation sites. Soil total potassium (TK) and available nitrogen (AN) were the main factors driving bacterial community (0.01 < P ≤ 0.05). The low abundance of Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) may be a biotic factor contributing to the endangerment of P. squamata. This study provides a foundation to assess the effect of conservation based on bacterial diversity and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to guide future research into the conservation of P. squamata.
Early Improvement of Affective, Fatigue and Allodynic Symptoms in a Cohort of Resistant Migraineurs Treated with Anti-CGRP/R Antibodies
Authors: Della Vecchia Alessandra , De Luca Ciro , Becattini Lucrezia , Curto Letizia , Ferrari Elena , Siciliano Gabriele , Gori Sara , Baldacci Filippo
Published: February 2024

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) acting on the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor (anti-CGRP/R mAbs) on comorbid symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue in migraine patients resistant to traditional prophylaxis.
Methods: The study was an open-label prospective study assessing comorbidities in patients with high frequency (HFEM) and chronic migraine (CM), medication overuse headache (MOH), and resistance to traditional prophylaxis treated with anti-CGRP/R mAbs for 3 months.
Results: 77 patients were enrolled with either HFEM (21%) or CM (79%) with or without MOH (56% and 44% respectively). We identified 21 non-responders (27%) and 56 responders (73%), defined on the reduction ≥ 50% of headache frequency. The two groups were highly homogeneous for investigated comorbidities. Disease severity in terms of headache frequency, migraine-related disability, and affective comorbid symptoms were reduced in both groups with different thresholds; allodynia and fatigue were ameliorated only in responders.
Conclusion: anti-CGRP/R antibodies improve pain together with affection, fatigue, and sensory sensitization in migraine patients.
Role of Biofunctionalized Nanoparticles in the Digestive Cancer Vaccine Development
Authors: Zdrehus Razvan , Delcea Cristian , Mocan Lucian
Published: February 2024

Nanotechnology has provided an opportunity for unparalleled development of the treatment of various severe diseases. The unique properties of nanoparticles offer a promising strategy in enhancing antitumor immunity by enhancing immunogenicity and presentation of tumor autoantigens for cancer immunotherapy. Polymeric, liposomal, carbon or silica-based nanoparticles are among those with major immunomodulatory roles in various cancer treatments. Cancer vaccines, in particular digestive cancer vaccines have been researched and developed on nanotechnological platforms. Due to their safety, controlled release, targeting of dendritic cells(DCs) and improved antigen uptake, as well as enhanced immunogenicity, nanoparticles have been used as carriers, as adjuvants for increased effect at the tumor level, for their immunomodulating effect, or for targeting tumor microenvironment, increasing tumor immunogenicity and reducing tumor inflamatory response. This review looks at digestive cancer vaccines developed on nanoparticle platforms and the impact nanoparticles have on the effects of these vaccines.
Statistical Mechanics of Electrowetting
Authors: Louge Michel Y. , Wang Yujie
Published: February 2024

We derive an ab initio equilibrium statistical mechanics of the gas-liquid-solid contact angle on planar periodic, monodisperse, textured surfaces subject to electrowetting. To that end, we extend an earlier theory that predicts how advance or recession of the contact line amount to distinct first-order phase transitions of the filling state in the ensemble of nearby surface cavities. Upon calculating the individual capacitance of a cavity subject to the influence of its near neighbors, we show how hysteresis, which is manifested by different advancing and receding contact angles, is affected by electrowetting. The analysis reveals nine distinct regimes characterizing contact angle behavior, three of which arise only when a voltage is applied to the conductive liquid drop. As the square voltage is progressively increased, the theory elucidates how the drop occasionally undergoes regime transitions triggering jumps in the contact angle, possibly changing its hysteresis, or saturating it at a value weakly dependent on further voltage growth. To illustrate these phenomena and validate the theory, we confront its predictions with four data sets. A benefit of the theory is to forsake trial-and-error when designing textured surfaces with specific contact angle behavior.
Controlling Algorithm of Reconfigurable Battery for State of Charge Balancing using Amortized Q-Learning
Authors: Karnehm Dominic , Bliemetsrieder Wolfgang , Pohlmann Sebastian , Neve Antje
Published: February 2024

Towards smart batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) smart algorithms to control battery packs, mainly reconfigurable batteries, have to be developed. This work proposes a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to balance the State of Charge (SoC) of reconfigurable batteries based on the topologies half-bridge and battery modular multilevel management (BM3). As RL algorithm, Amortized Q-learning (AQL) is implemented, which allows enourmous numbers of possible configurations of the reconfigurable battery to be controlled, as well as the combination of classical controlling approach and machine learning methods. This enables safety mechanisms in control. As a neural network of the AQL a Feedforward Neuronal Network (FNN) is implemented consisting of three hidden layers. The experimental evaluation using a 12-cell hybrid cascaded multilevel converter illustrates the applicability of the method to balance the SoC and maintain the balanced state during discharge. The evaluation shows a 20.3% slower balancing compared to the classical. Nevertheless, AQL shows great potential to be applied for multiobjective optimizations as an applicable RL algorithm for control in power electronics.
Assessment of the Geographic and Technical Potential for Large-Scale Wind Energy Production Using a GIS-Based MCDM-AHP Multi-criteria Analysis Method and Sensitivity Analysis: Case of Cameroon
Authors: Fotsing Metegam Isabelle Flora , Bomeni Isaac Yannick , Chara-Dackou Venant Sorel , Njomo Donatien , Tchinda René
Published: February 2024

This article presents the suitability analysis of onshore wind farm sites using an AHP (Hierarchical Analysis Process) multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach based on geographic information system modeling (GIS). This analysis is based on different technical aspects (wind speed, elevation, slope), economic (proximity to the electricity network, proximity to roads) and social (proximity to residential areas, population density). The introduction of the factor “population density” and the constraint “required area” rarely used in previous studies makes it possible to refine the results. The data is classified into several categories in a gradual manner, namely unsuitable (0); less suitable (1); suitable (2); highly suitable (3) and most suitable (4). The results of the study show us that the largest percentage relating to spatial coverage is observed in the “suitable” range with 50.89% and the corresponding TWPP (theoretical wind power potential) is 1377.926 GW; it is followed by “highly suitable” 5.67% and a TWPP of 153.652 GW; then “less suitable” with 1.04% and a TWPP of 28.163GW. No areas were identified in “most suitable” and finally the “unsuitable” range with 42.4%. The results show that the most favorable areas are located in the part of the far north of the country corresponding to the strong wind zone. The sensitivity analysis was carried out based on scenario tests (technical, economic and equal-weight) in order to give greater visibility of choice to the different stakeholders who would like to invest in onshore wind energy in Cameroon. This study is useful in more than one way because the results obtained can help investors, the government and other stakeholders to identify potential areas for the deployment of wind energy systems in Cameroon. Furthermore, a study of hybrid solar-wind systems could improve the efficiency of electricity parks in Cameroon.
DIKW as a General and Digital Twin Action Framework: Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom
Authors: Grieves Michael
Published: February 2024

This paper will discuss Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom, which is commonly referred to as DIKW. The DIKW Pyramid Model that is often referenced in both academics and practitioner circles will be discussed and shown to be faulty on several levels, including. a lack of definitional agreement. A new DIKW framework will be proposed that focuses on what the DIKW elements do in the way humans think, not what they are by definition. Information as a replacement for wasted physical resources in goal-oriented tasks will be a central organizing point. The paper will move the DIKW discussion to the computer-based concept of Digital Twins (DTs) and its augmentation of how we can use DIKW to be more effective and efficient. This will especially be the case as we move to Intelligent Digital Twins (IDT) with Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Deciphering Deception – the Impact of AI Deepfakes on Human Cognition and Emotion
Authors: Qureshi Jamshir , Khan Samina
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe emergence of AI-powered deepfakes, manipulatively realistic synthetic media, raises unprecedented challenges for human information processing and decision-making. This paper explores the cognitive and emotional consequences of exposure to deepfakes, delving into how these digitally fabricated experiences can reshape perception, trust, and social interactions. By reviewing existing research and outlining potential methodological approaches, this paper aims to establish a framework for investigating the multifaceted impact of deepfakes on the human brain.BackgroundThe digital age has ushered in an era of unprecedented information abundance and accessibility. Yet, this abundance breeds vulnerability, particularly with the emergence of AI-powered deepfakes. These hyper-realistic synthetic media creations present a potent threat to the fundamental trust and integrity of information sources. Deepfakes have infiltrated various domains, from entertainment and social media to politics and journalism, blurring the lines between truth and fabrication. Consequently, understanding the cognitive and emotional consequences of encountering deepfakes becomes crucial for navigating this increasingly deceptive landscape.ObjectivesThis research aims to: Investigate how exposure to deepfakes impacts various cognitive functions, including perception, attention, memory, and decision-making. Elucidate the emotional responses elicited by deepfakes and their underlying neural mechanisms. Evaluate the role of individual differences, such as susceptibility to deception and emotional sensitivity, in mediating the impact of deepfakes. Develop a comprehensive framework for understanding the multifaceted influence of deepfakes on the human brain. Results (anticipated)This research is expected to yield insights into: The specific cognitive and emotional processes altered by deepfakes, providing evidence for potential mechanisms of deception and manipulation. The neural circuitry involved in detecting and responding to deepfakes, leading to the development of more effective detection methods. The influence of individual differences (e.g., age, cognitive style) on susceptibility to deepfakes, informing targeted interventions and educational efforts.ConclusionBy deciphering the impact of deepfakes on the human brain, this research will offer valuable tools for mitigating the harmful consequences of misinformation and promoting responsible use of this powerful technology. Ultimately, understanding how deepfakes manipulate our cognitive and emotional landscape is not merely a scientific pursuit, but a critical step towards ensuring a future where truth prevails in the digital world.
Autonomous Resources-Loaded Project Scheduling System Development
Authors: Al-Sinan Mazen A , Bubshait Abdulaziz , Aljaroudi Zainab A
Published: February 2024

The fast-paced evolution of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), large language model (LLM) applications, and generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) have set the stage for improved and autonomous project scheduling models. This study demonstrates how project scheduling can be enhanced by employing building information modeling (BIM) to predict reliable schedules for each project element. The research is based on design science research (DSR) methodology and focus group discussion. The proposed system consists of six components: project analyzer, data warehouse, activity identifier and sequencing, activity magnitude and direct cost calculator, activity duration calculator, and schedule analyzer. Unlike other solutions, the proposed solution sequences activities based on an ML model rather than constraint matrices. The proposed solution thus enhances project performance through proactive planning and risk management. Integrating the autonomous project scheduling solution with the other components of an autonomous project management system would surmount schedule challenges and would result in greater cost efficiency and fewer delays.
Advanced Dynamic Thermal Vibration of Thick FGM Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Hong C.C.
Published: February 2024

The thick functionally graded material (FGM) circular cylindrical shells with advanced varied shear correction coefficient and third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) under advanced thermal vibration are studied by the method of generalized differential quadrature (GDQ). The coefficient of displacement model of TSDT is applied to derive the equations of motion for the thick FGM circular cylindrical shells. The stiffness in simpler forms of thick FGM circular cylindrical shells and temperature rise in linear expression of the heat conduction equation are used. The differential equations in dynamic equilibrium state of thick FGM circular cylindrical shells can be obtained and rewritten into displacements and shear rotations in partial derivative expressions under dynamic thermal loads in partial derivative expressions. Parametric effect studies including advanced nonlinear varied shear correction coefficient, nonlinear coefficient c1 value, power law index and thermal temperature difference of external heating loads on the displacements and stresses of thick FGM cylindrical shells under thermal dynamic vibration are investigated.
GLOW IN THE DARK MEDIAN FRONTAGE AND PEDESTRIAN AS A GUIDE FOR DRIVERS AT NIGHT
Authors: Amar Mufhidin  , Salma Ayu Rahmanita  , Rizalludin Rizalludin , Asiyah Tintin , Laelasari Laelasari
Published: February 2024

The condition of the road plays a significant role in the driving experience and traffic safety. However, excessive use of Street Lighting (LPJU) can have an impact on global warming. This research utilizes a Research and Development (R&D) approach to develop phosphorescent paint technology for curbstones. The main goal of this research is to create a solution that aids the visualization of drivers and pedestrians in dark road conditions. Additionally, the research aims to reduce excessive electricity consumption, which is a crucial step in supporting efforts to mitigate global climate change. The research results show that the application of phosphorescent paint on curbstones can enhance visibility at night and provide clear visual guidance for road users. This technology also successfully reduces reliance on external street lighting, resulting in significant electricity savings. Thus, this research makes a positive contribution to improving traffic safety and supporting energy conservation efforts to protect the environment.
At-Risk Median Motor Branch to the Thenar Musculature Crossing Under the Flexor Carpi Radialis in the Forearm
Authors: Cognetti Daniel J. , Rask Dawn M.G. , Bates Taylor J. , Swan Erin R. , Lynch Thomas B. , Smith Thomas , Powers Robert , Plucknette Benjamin
Published: February 2024

Case:

A 77-year-old woman who sustained a distal radius and ulna fracture underwent open reduction internal fixation through a standard flexor carpi radialis (FCR) approach. On dissection, a proximal division of the median nerve was identified, with an aberrant motor branch crossing radial to ulnar deep to FCR and superficial to flexor pollicis longus.

Conclusion:

Although many anatomic variants of the median nerve have been described, the current case demonstrates a particularly important median motor branch variant, imposing a substantial risk of iatrogenic injury during a standard FCR approach.
Pediatric Multidrug-Resistant Disseminated Tuberculosis Presenting as Small Finger Tuberculous Osteomyelitis
Authors: Hoffman Clayton J. , France Thomas , Cram Tyler , Bodmer Jenna L. , Sanders Julia S.
Published: February 2024

Case:

We report a case in the United States of a 12-year-old girl with multidrug-resistant tuberculous (MDR-TB) osteomyelitis of the hand managed with surgical debridement and second-line anti-TB therapy. The disease course was complicated by dissemination and multifocal progression.

Conclusion:

Despite early intervention, multidrug resistance makes TB treatment challenging and facilitated progression to disseminated disease in this case. We review the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of pediatric MDR-TB.
Is Previously Implanted Osteosynthesis Material an Obstacle for the Use of Customized Guides?
Authors: Jiménez-Garrido Carlos , Idiart Raphael P. , Meschian-Coretti Stephan , Montañez-Heredia Elvira
Published: February 2024

Case:

We present the case of a 46-year-old patient with asymmetric deformity in the posterior tibial slope after previous high tibial osteotomy surgeries with the presence of a medial osteotomy plate. A customized cutting guide was designed to fit on the plate to perform a single surgery and avoid possible soft-tissue complications after multiple surgeries.

Conclusions:

The presence of a previous internal fixation device may affect the manufacture of 3-dimensional cutting guides. However, in this case, the previously placed osteosynthesis plate was used as an aid for creating the guide.
Delayed Diagnosis of Complete Achilles Tendon Rupture in a Teenage Athlete
Authors: Schwartz Phoebe E. , Schwartz Michael H. , Georgiadis Andrew G.
Published: February 2024

Case:

A 19-year-old female athlete experienced calf pain during sport. A complete Achilles tendon rupture was diagnosed 4 weeks after injury. Ultrasound revealed discontinuity of the Achilles tendon with 2.0 cm of diastasis, persisting in plantarflexion. Plantarflexion immobilization was initiated, and progressive dorsiflexion was used until 10 weeks from injury. At 1 year from injury, ankle magnetic resonance imaging revealed a contiguous tendon, the patient was pain-free, and had returned to high-level athletics with equivalent sport performance relative to her preoperative status.

Conclusion:

Certain Achilles tendon ruptures in young people may be treated nonoperatively with good clinical outcomes, even if diagnosis and immobilization are delayed and tendon diastasis persists in maximum plantarflexion.
Las paradojas de las contradicciones en las investigaciones de la geografía escolar: un estudio de caso en el máster de formación del profesorado en secundaria.
Authors: Souto González Xosé Manuel
Published: February 2024

Se suele proclamar que la investigación educativa, en la didáctica de las ciencias sociales, se realiza para mejorar el aprendizaje de los fenómenos geográficos y los procesos históricos, que se manifiestan como situaciones problemáticas en la vida cotidiana. Sin embargo, en las aulas del sistema escolar básico, y también en el universitario, predominan las exposiciones de síntesis de una cultura canónica académica. Estas contradicciones se manifiestan en la formación inicial, como consecuencia de las representaciones sociales de la docencia, como se verá en el caso de Secundaria. En este artículo queremos proponer una línea de trabajo cualitativo que explique las decisiones y comportamientos del alumnado y docentes de Secundaria en el campo de la geografía escolar.
Frecuencia de Eimeria spp. en conejos mascotas (Oryctolagus cuniculus) en una clínica veterinaria ubicada en San Miguel, Lima - Perú
Authors:   , Paredes Molina Cesar Augusto
Published: February 2024

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de Eimeria spp. en conejos mascota atendidos en una clínica veterinaria del distrito de San Miguel, Lima. Se colectaron 100 muestras de heces de conejos, las cuales fueron procesadas mediante las técnicas de frotis directo y concentración por flotación de Willis. La frecuencia de Eimeria spp. en los conejos evaluados fue de 55% (55/100), siendo más frecuente en los conejos machos (66%, IC 52.87- 79.13), jóvenes (76%, IC 61.84 - 86.16%) y con diarrea (84.62% , IC 77.54-91.69%), siendo estas características las que presentan mayor riesgo de presentar el parásito. Además, se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa (p<0.05) entre las variables sexo, estrato etario y estado sanitario respecto a la presencia de Eimeria spp.
Hemoadsorción de citoquinas con Cytosorb en sepsis. Una revisión sistemática y metanálisis
Authors:   , Saldaña Gastulo Jiovany Jhan Carlos
Published: February 2024

Antecedentes y objetivos: Las terapias de purificación de la sangre se han utilizado en diferentes escenarios inflamatorios agudos; sin embargo, su uso es controvertido. Realizamos una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis para analizar el uso del efecto Cytosorb en la mortalidad, los niveles de interleucinas, el uso de vasopresores y los eventos adversos en pacientes con sepsis. Métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas en MEDLINE, Embase y Cochrane Library de ensayos controlados aleatorios y estudios de cohortes que informaron el uso de Cytosorb entre pacientes sépticos. El resultado primario fue la mortalidad, y los resultados secundarios incluyeron el uso de vasopresores, los niveles de marcadores inflamatorios, la mortalidad prevista frente a la observada, la duración de la estancia en la UCI y los eventos adversos. Resultados: Incluimos 6 estudios que reclutaron a 413 pacientes, la evaluación del riesgo de sesgo indicó variaciones en la calidad del estudio de alta a moderada. La mortalidad global fue del 45 % y no se encontró ningún efecto significativo sobre la mortalidad a los 28-30 días RR 0,98 [0,12-8,25] para el ECA y RR 0,74 [0,49-1,13] para los estudios de cohortes. No realizamos metanálisis para otros resultados debido al pequeño número de estudios encontrados o la falta de datos. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio encontró evidencia de certeza muy baja que no muestra ningún beneficio del uso de Cytosorb en la mortalidad a los 28-30 días. Sobre la base de la evidencia existente, no se pueden sacar conclusiones definitivas sobre el impacto de Cytosorb en la mortalidad de pacientes con sepsis o shock séptico. Por lo tanto, en este momento, no podemos recomendar el uso de Cytosorb en pacientes sépticos o con shock séptico fuera de los ensayos clínicos. Se necesitan más ensayos aleatorios de alta calidad con un brazo de intervención común para evaluar la influencia...
Single-cell transcriptomic landscape deciphers novel olfactory neuroblastoma subtypes and intra-tumoral heterogeneity
Authors: Yu Hongmeng
Published: February 2024

Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignancy known to originate from the olfactory epithelium. The complex tumor ecosystem of this pathology remains unclear. Here we explored the cellular components within 10 ONB tumors and 1 olfactory mucosa sample based on single cell RNA profiles. We showed the intra-tumoral heterogeneity by identifying five unique expression programs among malignant epithelial cells. A novel three-classification system (Neural/Basal/Mesenchymal) of ONB was established according to the distinguished gene expression patterns. Biomarkers for categorizing bulk tumors into the new subtypes were elucidated. Different responses towards certain chemotherapy regimens could be cautiously inferred according to the molecular features representing three tumor types,thus helping with precision chemotherapy. Herein, we also analyzed subclusters of tumor microenvironment (TME) and the interactions among different cell types in the TME. Relative abundance of immunosuppressive tumor associated macrophages indicated the benefits of immunotherapies targeting macrophages.
Health and social professional practices to promote family health literacy: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Leavy Emma , Forestier Aline , Pugliese Marie-Thérèse , Coulon Delphine
Published: February 2024

Background
Not only health literacy is central in achieving the sustainable development goals, but there is a growing interest with the COVID-19 pandemic and the insecurities brought about climate change. Health literacy is defined by the WHO as the ability to “gain access to, understand and use information in ways which promote and maintain good health”. Health literacy not only allows one person to maintain good health, but also the family and the community. There is a lack of effective health interventions promoting health literacy and preventing hospitalisations. Knowing that health decisions often occur within the family, we aim to review all existing reviews on professional psychosocial interventions which are effective in promoting health literacy among children, adolescents, and their families.
Methods
We will search the following databases: MEDLINE via Pubmed, EMBASE, CINHAL, PsycINFO and Web of Science. We will include all cultural and socioeconomic contexts (low- middle- and high-income countries), either community-based or hospital settings. Each stage of the review will be conducted by two independent reviewers and a third reviewer will resolve conflicts. We will use the JBI Data Extraction Form for Review for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses to conduct data extraction of the selected studies. For each intervention of interest, an assessment of the quality of evidence will be performed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Findings will be disseminated via a peer-reviewed publication and useful in regard of a research project in collaboration with Geneva’s University Hospital on children’s psychosocial hospitalization.
Discussion
The findings of our umbrella review will facilitate the integration in healthcare and social practices of effective interventions promoting health literacy among children and their families and preventing child negligence and psychosocial hospitalization.
Systematic review registration
This protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on December 15, 2022 (registration number: CRD42022384377).