bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melanoma central nervous system metastases: current approaches, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Cohen Justine V. , Tawbi Hussain , Margolin Kim A. , Amravadi Ravi , Bosenberg Marcus , Brastianos Priscilla K. , Chiang Veronica L. , de Groot John , Glitza Isabella C. , Herlyn Meenhard , Holmen Sheri L. , Jilaveanu Lucia B. , Lassman Andrew , Moschos Stergios , Postow Michael A. , Thomas Reena , Tsiouris John A. , Wen Patrick , White Richard M. , Turnham Timothy , Davies Michael A. , Kluger Harriet M.
Published: September 2016

Melanoma central nervous system metastases are increasing, and the challenges presented by this patient population remain complex. In December 2015, the Melanoma Research Foundation and the Wistar Institute hosted the First Summit on Melanoma Central Nervous System (CNS) Metastases in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Here, we provide a review of the current status of the field of melanoma brain metastasis research; identify key challenges and opportunities for improving the outcomes in patients with melanoma brain metastases; and set a framework to optimize future research in this critical area.
Inside‐out Ultraviolet‐C Sterilization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm In Vitro
Authors: Jones Cameron C. , Valdeig Steffi , Sova Raymond M. , Weiss Clifford R.
Published: September 2016

Biofilms are difficult to eradicate due to a protective architecture and create major challenges in patient care by diminishing both host immune response and therapeutic approaches. This study investigated a new strategy for treating surface‐attached biofilms by delivering germicidal UV through a material surface in a process referred to as “inside‐out sterilization” (IOS). Mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC® 27853™) biofilms were irradiated with up to 1400 mJ cm−2 of germicidal UV from both ambient and IOS configurations. The lethal dose for the ambient exposure group was 461 mJ cm−2 95% CI [292, 728] compared to the IOS treatment group of 247 mJ cm−2 95% CI [187, 325], corresponding to 47% less UV dosage for the IOS group (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that with IOS, a lower quantal dosage of UV energy is required to eradicate biofilm than with ambient exposure by leveraging the organizational structure of the biofilm.
Patient-Specific Simulation of Cardiac Blood Flow From High-Resolution Computed Tomography
Authors: Lantz Jonas , Henriksson Lilian , Persson Anders , Karlsson Matts , Ebbers Tino
Published: September 2016

Cardiac hemodynamics can be computed from medical imaging data, and results could potentially aid in cardiac diagnosis and treatment optimization. However, simulations are often based on simplified geometries, ignoring features such as papillary muscles and trabeculae due to their complex shape, limitations in image acquisitions, and challenges in computational modeling. This severely hampers the use of computational fluid dynamics in clinical practice. The overall aim of this study was to develop a novel numerical framework that incorporated these geometrical features. The model included the left atrium, ventricle, ascending aorta, and heart valves. The framework used image registration to obtain patient-specific wall motion, automatic remeshing to handle topological changes due to the complex trabeculae motion, and a fast interpolation routine to obtain intermediate meshes during the simulations. Velocity fields and residence time were evaluated, and they indicated that papillary muscles and trabeculae strongly interacted with the blood, which could not be observed in a simplified model. The framework resulted in a model with outstanding geometrical detail, demonstrating the feasibility as well as the importance of a framework that is capable of simulating blood flow in physiologically realistic hearts.
A Poroelastic Fluid/Structure-Interaction Model of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics in the Cord With Syringomyelia and Adjacent Subarachnoid-Space Stenosis
Authors: Bertram C. D. , Heil M.
Published: September 2016

An existing axisymmetric fluid/structure-interaction (FSI) model of the spinal cord, pia mater, subarachnoid space, and dura mater in the presence of syringomyelia and subarachnoid-space stenosis was modified to include porous solids. This allowed investigation of a hypothesis for syrinx fluid ingress from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Gross model deformation was unchanged by the addition of porosity, but pressure oscillated more in the syrinx and the subarachnoid space below the stenosis. The poroelastic model still exhibited elevated mean pressure in the subarachnoid space below the stenosis and in the syrinx. With realistic cord permeability, there was slight oscillatory shunt flow bypassing the stenosis via the porous tissue over the syrinx. Weak steady streaming flow occurred in a circuit involving craniocaudal flow through the stenosis and back via the syrinx. Mean syrinx volume was scarcely altered when the adjacent stenosis bisected the syrinx, but increased slightly when the syrinx was predominantly located caudal to the stenosis. The fluid content of the tissues over the syrinx oscillated, absorbing most of the radial flow seeping from the subarachnoid space so that it did not reach the syrinx. To a lesser extent, this cyclic swelling in a boundary layer of cord tissue just below the pia occurred all along the cord, representing a mechanism for exchange of interstitial fluid (ISF) and cerebrospinal fluid which could explain recent tracer findings without invoking perivascular conduits. The model demonstrates that syrinx volume increase is possible when there is subarachnoid-space stenosis and the cord and pia are permeable.
Adaptive Composite Marine Propulsors and Turbines: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Young Yin Lu , Motley Michael R. , Barber Ramona , Chae Eun Jung , Garg Nitin
Published: September 2016

In this paper, the advantages, state-of-the-art, and current challenges in the field of adaptive composite marine propulsors and turbines are reviewed. Adaptive composites are used in numerous marine technologies, including propulsive devices and control surfaces for marine vessels, offshore platforms, unmanned surface and underwater vehicles, and renewable energy harvesting devices. In the past, most marine propulsors and turbines have been designed as rigid bodies, simplifying the design and analysis process; however, this can lead to significant performance decay when operating in off-design conditions or in spatially or temporally varying flows. With recent advances in computational modeling, materials research, and manufacturing, it is possible to take advantage of the flexibility and anisotropic properties of composites to enable passive morphing capabilities to delay cavitation and improve overall energy efficiency, agility, and dynamic stability. Moreover, active materials can be embedded inside composites to enable energy harvesting, in situ health and condition monitoring, mitigation and control of flow-induced vibrations, and further enhancements of system performance. However, care is needed in the design and testing of adaptive composite marine propulsors and turbines to account for the inherent load-dependent deformations and to avoid potential material failures and hydroelastic instabilities (resonance, parametric excitations, divergence, flutter, buffeting, etc.). Here, we provide a summary of recent progress in the modeling, design, and optimization of adaptive composite marine propulsors and turbines, followed by a discussion of current challenges and future research directions.
Control of Flow Limitation in Flexible Tubes
Authors: Wang Ruo-Qian , Lin Teresa , Shamshery Pulkit , Winter Amos G.
Published: September 2016

This paper proposes a new Starling resistor architecture to control flow limitation in flexible tubes by introducing a needle valve to restrict inlet flow. The new architecture is able to separately control the activation pressure and the flow rate: The tube geometry determines the activation pressure and the needle valve determines the flow rate. A series of experiments were performed to quantify the needle valve and the tube geometry's effect on flow limitation. The examined factors include the inner diameter, the length, and the wall thickness. A lumped-parameter model was developed to capture the magnitude and trend of the flow limitation, which was able to satisfactorily predict Starling resistor behavior observed in our experiments.
Evaluation of Through-Thickness Residual Stresses by Neutron Diffraction and Finite-Element Method in Thick Weld Plates
Authors: Jiang Wenchun , Woo Wanchuck , Wan Yu , Luo Yun , Xie Xuefang , Tu S. T.
Published: September 2016

Through-thickness distributions of the welding residual stresses were studied in the range of 50–100 mm thick plates by using finite-element modeling (FEM) and neutron diffraction measurements. In order to simulate the residual stresses through the thickness of the thick weld joints, this paper proposes a two-dimensional generalized plane strain (GPS) finite-element model coupled with the mixed work hardening model. The residual stress distributions show mostly asymmetric parabola profiles through the thickness of the welds and it is in good correlation with the neutron diffraction results. Both the heat input and plate thickness have little influence on the residual stress distributions due to the relatively large constraints of the thick specimen applied for each welding pass. A general formula has been suggested to evaluate the distributions of the through-thickness residual stresses in thick welds based on FEM and neutron diffraction experimental results.
Orifice Design of a Pilot-Operated Pressure Relief Valve
Authors: Jang Sang Chan , Kang Jung Ho
Published: September 2016

An important safety factor to be considered when designing a plant is the prevention of overpressure-induced explosions, to which many plants are vulnerable because of pressurized fluids in plant components. A pilot-operated pressure relief valve is a core device for venting off overpressure formed inside vessels and pipelines. The pilot-operated pressure relief valve has a highly complicated structure, and its design and production should be thoroughly studied. In this study, a simplified structure for the pilot-operated pressure relief valve was proposed to facilitate the design and production processes, and the effective ranges of its design variables were determined to enable the prediction of the impact of the design variables in the design and production processes. The ranges determined were validated by a numerical flow analysis and experiment as follows. We calculated the maximum orifice diameter at which the main valve does not open and examined the minimum orifice diameter that can resist the impact of strong shock waves. Additionally, we defined the orifice diameter range that ensures the stable opening and closing of the main valve under various pressure conditions. The effective ranges of the design variables determined in this study can be used to ensure safe operation of a pilot-operated pressure relief valve under various pressure conditions with the design of the proposed simplified structure.
A comparative study of seven human cochlear filter models
Authors: Saremi Amin , Beutelmann Rainer , Dietz Mathias , Ashida Go , Kretzberg Jutta , Verhulst Sarah
Published: September 2016

Auditory models have been developed for decades to simulate characteristics of the human auditory system, but it is often unknown how well auditory models compare to each other or perform in tasks they were not primarily designed for. This study systematically analyzes predictions of seven publicly-available cochlear filter models in response to a fixed set of stimuli to assess their capabilities of reproducing key aspects of human cochlear mechanics. The following features were assessed at frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz: cochlear excitation patterns, nonlinear response growth, frequency selectivity, group delays, signal-in-noise processing, and amplitude modulation representation. For each task, the simulations were compared to available physiological data recorded in guinea pigs and gerbils as well as to human psychoacoustics data. The presented results provide application-oriented users with comprehensive information on the advantages, limitations and computation costs of these seven mainstream cochlear filter models.
Investigation of horizontal refraction on Florida Straits continental shelf using a three-dimensional Gaussian ray bundling model
Authors: Reilly Sean M. , Potty Gopu R. , Thibaudeau David
Published: September 2016

Acoustic transmission loss measurements from the calibration operations (CALOPS) experiment for the Shallow Water Array Performance (SWAP) program included horizontally refracted returns that were as much as 30° away from the true bearing between source and receiver. In many cases, the in-shore refracted path was 20 dB stronger than the true bearing path. In this study CALOPS transmission loss measurements at 415 Hz are compared to predictions from a three-dimensional Gaussian ray bundling model. The geoacoustic model that provides good model-data comparison is consistent with the geologic and sediment core data collected at the location but differs slightly from the bottom model used at lower frequencies (206 and 52.5 Hz) in a previous study.
Birds of a feather: an uncommon cause of pneumonia and meningoencephalitis
Authors: Ionescu Anne-Marie , Khare Divya , Kavi Jay
Published: September 2016

A 61-year-old man was admitted with a 1-week history of influenza-like symptoms during a period of increased influenza virus activity. He soon developed type 2 respiratory failure and became increasingly drowsy. He later suffered a convulsive episode in the intensive care unit (ICU) which self-terminated. Initial clinical findings suggested community-acquired pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. However, a detailed history revealed that he was a pet bird-keeper, which raised a suspicion of ornithosis.Chlamydia psittaciDNA was detected in sputum by PCR. He was started on appropriate antibiotics and made a full recovery. We present this uncommon cause of pneumonia as an example of the importance of accurate history-taking to ensure a correct diagnosis for optimal management.
Gastroprotective and antielastase effects of protein inhibitors from Erythrina velutina seeds in an experimental ulcer model
Authors: Oliveira de Lima Vanessa Cristina , de Araújo Machado Richele Janaína , Vieira Monteiro Norberto Kássio , de Lyra Ibson Lucas , da Silva Camillo Christina , Coelho Serquiz Alexandre , Silva de Oliveira Adeliana , da Silva Rufino Fabíola Patrícia , Leal Lima Maciel Bruna , Ferreira Uchôa Adriana , Antunes dos Santos Elizeu , de Araújo Morais Ana Heloneida
Published: September 2016

Trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors from Erythrina velutina seeds have been previously isolated by our group. In previous studies using a sepsis model, we demonstrated the antitumor and anti-inflammatory action of these compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective and antielastase effects of protein inhibitors from E. velutina seeds in an experimental stress-induced ulcer model. Two protein isolates from E. velutina seeds, with antitrypsin (PIAT) and antichymotrypsin (PIAQ) activities, were tested. Both protein isolates showed a high affinity and inhibitory effect against human neutrophil elastase, with 84% and 85% inhibition, respectively. Gastric ulcer was induced using ethanol (99%) in 6 groups of animals (female Wistar rats, n = 6). Before ulcer induction, these animals were treated for 5 days with one of the following: (1) PIAT (0.2 mg·kg−1), (2) PIAT (0.4 mg·kg−1), (3) PIAQ (0.035 mg·kg−1), (4) ranitidine hydrochloride (50 mg·kg−1), (5) saline solution (0.9%), or (6) no intervention (sham). Both PIAT and PIAQ protected gastric mucosa, preventing hemorrhagic lesions, edema, and mucus loss. No histologic toxic effects of PIAT or PIAQ were seen in liver and pancreatic cells. Our results show that protein isolates from E. velutina seeds have potential gastroprotective effects, placing these compounds as natural candidates for gastric ulcer prevention.
Work input analysis for soils with double porosity and application to the hydromechanical modeling of unsaturated expansive clays
Authors: Li Jian , Yin Zhen-Yu , Cui Yujun , Hicher Pierre-Yves
Published: September 2016

A mechanical approach for unsaturated expansive soils considering double porosity has been developed based on the porous media theory. In this approach, the adsorbed and the capillary water, as well as the micropores and macropores, are two distinct phases. An interaggregate stress considered as the work-conjugate of the macrostructural strain increment has been defined. Both physicochemical and capillary effects of the pore water have been introduced at the macroscopic level. Other work-conjugate variables relevant for the constitutive modeling of double-porosity unsaturated media have also been identified, consisting of the modified suction as conjugate of the increment of the macrostructural degree of saturation and the microstructural effective stress as conjugate of the microstructural volumetric strain increment. A hydromechanical model for unsaturated expansive clays taking into account the interaction between the micro- and the macrostructures in expansive clays can thus be built. Based on the bounding surface concept, an anisotropic loading – collapse yield surface has been introduced to reproduce the three-dimensional mechanical behavior. To analyze the model capabilities, two series of laboratory tests consisting of multiple wetting and drying cycle tests on Boom clay and triaxial tests on Zaoyang (ZY) expansive clay were simulated. The comparisons between numerical and experimental results show that the model can reproduce with reasonable accuracy the mechanical behavior and the water retention characteristic of unsaturated expansive clays.
Interactive Sound Propagation and Rendering for Large Multi-Source Scenes
Authors: Schissler Carl , Manocha Dinesh
Published: September 2016

We present an approach to generate plausible acoustic effects at interactive rates in large dynamic environments containing many sound sources. Our formulation combines listener-based backward ray tracing with sound source clustering and hybrid audio rendering to handle complex scenes. We present a new algorithm for dynamic late reverberation that performs high-order ray tracing from the listener against spherical sound sources. We achieve sublinear scaling with the number of sources by clustering distant sound sources and taking relative visibility into account. We also describe a hybrid convolution-based audio rendering technique that can process hundreds of thousands of sound paths at interactive rates. We demonstrate the performance on many indoor and outdoor scenes with up to 200 sound sources. In practice, our algorithm can compute more than 50 reflection orders at interactive rates on a multicore PC, and we observe a 5x speedup over prior geometric sound propagation algorithms.
Analyzing Tumor Metabolism In Vivo
Authors: Faubert Brandon , DeBerardinis Ralph J.
Published: September 2016

Altered metabolism is a clinically actionable hallmark of cancer. Some reprogrammed activities in cancer cells have predictive value and others are associated with therapeutic liabilities. Recent years have brought increased exploration of metabolism in intact tumors, complementing a large literature on cancer cell lines. We review the expanding tool kit available for studying the metabolic features of tumors in vivo. These techniques include metabolomics, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, and they vary according to their invasiveness and breadth of metabolic assessment. Special attention is given to the emerging role of intraoperative infusions of stable, isotope-labeled nutrients, which have provided the first view of true metabolic flux in human tumors. These studies also demonstrate markedly different metabolic phenotypes from those observed in culture, indicating the potential for this approach to provide a disease-relevant view of cancer metabolism and to nominate new therapeutic targets from reprogrammed pathways.
Characterizing Species Interactions to Understand Press Perturbations: What Is the Community Matrix?
Authors: Novak Mark , Yeakel Justin D. , Noble Andrew E. , Doak Daniel F. , Emmerson Mark , Estes James A. , Jacob Ute , Tinker M. Timothy , Wootton J. Timothy
Published: September 2016

The community matrix is among ecology's most important mathematical abstractions, formally encapsulating the interconnected network of effects that species have on one another's populations. Despite its importance, the term “community matrix” has been applied to multiple types of matrices that have differing interpretations. This has hindered the application of theory for understanding community structure and perturbation responses. Here, we clarify the correspondence and distinctions among the Interaction matrix, the Alpha matrix, and the Jacobian matrix, terms that are frequently used interchangeably as well as synonymously with the term “community matrix.” We illustrate how these matrices correspond to different ways of characterizing interaction strengths, how they permit insights regarding different types of press perturbations, and how these are related by a simple scaling relationship. Connections to additional interaction strength characterizations encapsulated by the Beta matrix, the Gamma matrix, and the Removal matrix are also discussed. Our synthesis highlights the empirical challenges that remain in using these tools to understand actual communities.
Modularity: Genes, Development, and Evolution
Authors: Melo Diogo , Porto Arthur , Cheverud James M. , Marroig Gabriel
Published: September 2016

Modularity has emerged as a central concept for evolutionary biology, thereby providing the field with a theory of organismal structure and variation. This theory has reframed long-standing questions and serves as a unified conceptual framework for genetics, developmental biology, and multivariate evolution. Research programs in systems biology and quantitative genetics are bridging the gap between these fields. Although this synthesis is ongoing, some major themes have emerged, and empirical evidence for modularity has become abundant. In this review, we look at modularity from a historical perspective, highlighting its meaning at different levels of biological organization and the different methods that can be used to detect it. We then explore the relationship between quantitative genetic approaches to modularity and developmental genetic studies. We conclude by investigating the dynamic relationship between modularity and the adaptive landscape and how this relationship potentially shapes evolution and can help bridge the gap between micro- and macroevolution.
Human–Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence
Authors: Nyhus Philip J.
Published: September 2016

Human interactions with wildlife are a defining experience of human existence. These interactions can be positive or negative. People compete with wildlife for food and resources, and have eradicated dangerous species; co-opted and domesticated valuable species; and applied a wide range of social, behavioral, and technical approaches to reduce negative interactions with wildlife. This conflict has led to the extinction and reduction of numerous species and uncountable human deaths and economic losses. Recent advances in our understanding of conflict have led to a growing number of positive conservation and coexistence outcomes. I summarize and synthesize factors that contribute to conflict, approaches that mitigate conflict and encourage coexistence, and emerging trends and debates. Fertile areas for scholarship include scale and complexity, models and scenarios, understanding generalizable patterns, expanding boundaries of what is considered conflict, using new tools and technologies, information sharing and collaboration, and the implications of global change. The time may be ripe to identify a new field, anthrotherology, that brings together scholars and practitioners from different disciplinary perspectives to address human–wildlife conflict and coexistence.
The Economics of High-Frequency Trading: Taking Stock
Authors: Menkveld Albert J.
Published: September 2016

I review the recent high-frequency trader (HFT) literature to single out the economic channels by which HFTs affect market quality. I first group the various theoretical studies according to common denominators and discuss the economic costs and benefits they identify. For each group, I then review the empirical literature that speaks to either the models’ assumptions or their predictions. This enables me to come to a data-weighted judgement on the economic value of HFTs.
Modeling Human Glaucoma: Lessons from the in vitro Models
Authors: Aires Inês Dinis , Ambrósio António Francisco , Santiago Ana Raquel
Published: September 2016

Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide, is a degenerative disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic nerve atrophy. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a main risk factor for onset and progression of the disease. Since increased IOP is the only modifiable risk factor, relevant models for glaucoma would comprise RGC and optic nerve damage triggered by ocular hypertension. Animal models of glaucoma have greatly contributed to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this pathology, and they have also facilitated the development of new pharmacological interventions. Although animal models of glaucoma have provided valuable information about the disease, there is still no ideal model for studying glaucoma due to its complexity. There is a recognized demand for in vitro models that can replace or reduce the need for animal experiments. Several in vitro models have emerged as a great opportunity in the field of glaucoma research, helping to clarify the mechanisms involved in disease progression. Several types of equipment have been developed to expose cells and tissue cultures to elevated pressures. Herein, we discuss the methodology used to increase pressure, the main findings, and the relevance of in vitro models for the study of the pathophysiology of glaucoma.
Transmural Colonic Infarction after Routine Colonoscopy in a Young Patient without Risk Factors
Authors: Zizzo Maurizio , Castro Ruiz Carolina , Ugoletti Lara , Giunta Alessandro , Bonacini Stefano , Manzini Lorenzo , Aguzzoli Fabrizio , Colognesi Alberto , Pedrazzoli Claudio
Published: September 2016

Colonoscopy is one of the most widely used procedures in medical practice for the diagnosis and treatment of many benign and malignant diseases of the colorectal tract. Colonscopy has become the reference procedure for screening and surveillance of colorectal cancer. The overall rate of adverse events is estimated to be about 2.8 per 1,000 procedures, while complications requiring hospitalization are about 1.9 per 1,000 colonoscopies. Mortality from all causes and colonoscopy-specific mortality are estimated to be 0.07 and 0.007%, respectively. An exceptional fearsome postcolonoscopy complication is colon ischemia (CI); only few cases have been reported worldwide. We present the case of a 43-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department complaining of abdominal pain; fever and rectal bleeding appeared 12 h after a voluntary ‘screening’ colonoscopy. She had no risk factors for CI. Her laboratory tests showed alterations in inflammatory markers and a computed tomography scan showed a circumferential thickening in the left colon and free fluid in the abdomen. After 12 h of observation and conservative therapy, the clinical state of the patient worsened with the rising of signs of peritonitis. Laparoscopy showed that colon infarction extended from the distal third of the transverse colon to the proximal rectum. Laparotomy, resection of the pathological colon and terminal colostomy were performed. The specimen examined confirmed an extended ischemic colitis and transmural infarction on the antimesocolic side, in the absence of a vasculitis. The patient underwent recanalization after 8 months. CI after colonoscopy is a rare and alarming complication that must be known and taken into account in the differential diagnosis of symptomatic cases after colonoscopy, particularly in patients with known risk factors. The diagnosis is mainly based on clinical data, imaging and especially endoscopy. Treatment is almost always conservative but, in some cases in which the pathological process appears irreversible, surgery becomes mandatory.
Are Chronic Periodontitis and Gingivitis Associated with Dementia? A Nationwide, Retrospective, Matched-Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Tzeng Nian-Sheng , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Yeh Chin-Bin , Huang Ren-Yeong , Yuh Da-Yo , Huang San-Yuan , Lu Ru-Band , Chang Hsin-An , Kao Yu-Chen , Chiang Wei-Shan , Chou Yu-Ching , Chien Wu-Chien
Published: September 2016

Background: Chronic periodontitis and gingivitis are associated with various diseases; however, their impact on dementia is yet to be elucidated. This study is aimed at investigating the association between chronic periodontitis and gingivitis, and the risk of developing dementia. Methods: A total of 2,207 patients, with newly diagnosed chronic periodontitis and gingivitis between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2000, were selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, along with 6,621 controls matched for sex and age. After adjusting for confounding factors, Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to compare the risk of developing dementia during the 10-year follow-up period. Results: Of the study subjects, 25 (1.13%) developed dementia compared to 61 (0.92%) in the control group. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the study subjects were more likely to develop dementia (hazard ratio (HR) 2.085, 95% CI 1.552-4.156, p < 0.001). After adjusting for sex, age, monthly income, urbanization level, geographic region, and comorbidities, the HR for dementia was 2.54 (95% CI 1.297-3.352, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Patients with chronic periodontitis and gingivitis have a higher risk of developing dementia. However, further studies on other large or national data sets are required to support the current findings.
Editorial agosto 2016
Authors: Braga Debora Cordeiro
Published: September 2016

Descrição dos principais elementos de cada artigo do Vol 27, no. 2 de 2016 da RTA.
Turismo e Transnacionalização da Intimidade nos Trópicos Globais
Authors: Sacramento Octávio
Published: September 2016

O texto proporciona um breve mapeamento dos destinos tropicais à escala global onde o turismo de massas de sol e praia se entrecruza com a constituição de relacionamentos íntimos transnacionais. Considerando as experiências turísticas e as configurações de intimidade que aí emergem, o objetivo prioritário da reflexão passa por questionar a pertinência da noção de turismo sexual como conceito hegemónico na generalidade dos exercícios de análise e conceptualização destes contextos. Embora se reconheça a presença de fortes expectativas passionais associadas às mobilidades turísticas para muitos destinos da cintura tropical global, tenta estabelecer-se um distanciamento crítico face à ideia de turismo sexual. O intuito é mostrar que se trata uma designação que, além de enredada em estereótipos, denota uma grande inconsistência epistemológica e é profundamente redutora, incapaz de traduzir a complexidade e o dinamismo subjacentes ao quadro de expectativas, práticas e relações que configuram os encontros íntimos transnacionais entre visitantes e locais.
Festas Tradicionais no Entorno da Estrada Boiadeira no Paraná: um potencial para o turismo rural
Authors: Marques dos Rêis Josemara , Teixeira Juliana
Published: September 2016

Devido ao crescimento da urbanização do campo, entre outros aspectos, as grandes propriedades se expandiram sobre os pequenos sitiantes que foram vendendo os seus bens e se deslocando para a cidade. Em meio a esse cenário, muitos agricultores de base familiar ainda residem no campo mesmo com diversas dificuldades. Essa é a realidade das comunidades do entorno da Estrada Boiadeira no interior do Estado do Paraná, em que os agricultores familiares ainda mantém vivas as tradições de seus antepassados como as festas religiosas, festas juninas, festas gastronômicas e demais representações sobre seu modo de vida. O referente trabalho teve como objetivo geral investigar a viabilidade de implantação do roteiro turístico no entorno da BR-487, conhecida como Estrada Boiadeira. A presente pesquisa tem caráter descritivo e exploratório com características de investigação qualitativa. Em uma primeira etapa foi realizada revisão da literatura em livros e artigos de periódicos especializados. Na segunda etapa foi realizada a pesquisa de campo com o intuito de levantar dados sobre as comunidades utilizando as técnicas de observação sistemática, entrevistas semiestruturadas e questionários. Foi observado como resultado que as comunidades e suas festas tradicionais possuem recursos que viabilizam a implementação de roteiro turístico no entorno da Estrada Boiadeira. Porém para que o mesmo seja estruturado com sucesso ainda faltam readequações necessárias em cada comunidade. Acredita-se que o desenvolvimento do roteiro ajudará a manter vivas as tradições culturais de cada localidade.
Fluxo de Automóveis nos Estacionamentos Públicos e Privados da Cidade Turística de Angra dos Reis-RJ
Authors: Lopes Júnior Wilson Martins
Published: September 2016

Na realização de uma viagem, tem-se o deslocamento espacial de pessoas que se locomovem entre o espaço emissor e o receptor, caracterizando-se em um tipo de fluxo. No caso do turismo, esse fluxo de turistas é essencial a essa atividade que, por sua vez, necessita de uma infraestrutura de transportes instalada no território. Essa relação entre o turismo e os transportes é explícita, pois o segundo é imprescindível à viagem, inclusive influi na sua duração. No Brasil, o transporte rodoviário é o modal de transporte muito utilizado para o turismo, destacando-se o uso de ônibus e de automóveis. A concentração de automóveis de outros municípios no centro de Angra dos Reis, um dos destinos turísticos mais procurados no País, levou ao questionamento sobre a possível relação entre esse fato e a prática do turismo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi de diagnosticar a procedência dos automóveis estacionados nos estacionamentos públicos e privados da cidade de Angra dos Reis, RJ. Metodologicamente, privilegiou-se a revisão bibliográfica, o quantitativo e trabalhos de campo. Conclui-se que o estado de São Paulo é o maior emissor de automóveis que permanecem em estacionamentos privados, enquanto os do estado do Rio de Janeiro permanecem nos públicos. Diagnosticou-se também que, praticamente, a totalidade desses automóveis são de turistas que se dirigiram para a Ilha Grande.
Potential Output in Asia: Some Forward-Looking Scenarios
Authors: Burns Andrew
Published: September 2016

This paper presents estimates of potential output growth for a sample of 26 Asian economies and projects potential output growth through 2040 under several scenarios. Results suggest that in the absence of further capital deepening, and assuming continued total factor productivity growth at recent rates, potential output growth across economies could slow from a median of 4.6% during 2010–2015 to 2.7% between 2035 and 2040. Demographic trends and an assumed stabilization in capital–output ratios account for most of the slowing. Much better outcomes are possible if trends are supported by policy. Better total factor productivity growth could raise potential output by between 11% and 24% by 2040, while lower unemployment and higher participation rates could boost potential output by 10% or more in some South Asian economies. An improved investment climate could add between 6% and 10% to potential output in most economies, while accelerating structural convergence (moving labor from lower to higher productivity sectors) could raise potential output by 10% or more in half of the examined countries.
Sectoral Infrastructure Investments in an Unbalanced Growing Economy: The Case of Potential Growth in India
Authors: Ghate Chetan , Glomm Gerhard , Streeter Jialu Liu
Published: September 2016

We construct a two-sector (agriculture and modern) overlapping generations growth model calibrated to India to study the effects of sectoral tax rates, sectoral infrastructure investments, and labor market frictions on potential growth in India. Our model is motivated by the idea that because misallocation depends on distortions, policies that reduce distortions raise potential growth. We show that the positive effect of a variety of policy reforms on potential growth depends on the extent to which public and private capital are complements or substitutes. We also show that funding more infrastructure investments in both sectors by raising labor income taxes in the agriculture sector raises potential growth.
A Conversation with Jutta Koether
Authors: Buchloh Benjamin H. D.
Published: September 2016

Benjamin Buchloh speaks with German artist, musician, and critic Jutta Koether about the many ways in which Koether blurs the lines between painting and performance in her practice, “reinstalling,” in her words, painting as a “platform, a potential, [and] a performance.” Koether discusses the formative role of New Wave and punk culture in her practice, particularly her time at Spex magazine; her studies in Cologne in the late 1970s and the anti-aesthetic impulse in painting from Picabia to Polke to Kippenberger; and her time in New York in the late 1980s and ′90s. Special attention is paid to her relationship to Poussin, both in her paintings The Seasons and The Sacraments and in her performance at Harvard in April 2013, as well as to early works like Inside Job (1992).
[Sic] Picabia: Ego, Reaction, Reuse
Authors: Verdier Aurelie
Published: September 2016

Against the common view that appropriation—of images, words, and machines—was the surest mark of Francis Picabia's modernism, Verdier posits that Picabia's constant reuse of visual and textual material was a melancholic symptom. Many of Picabia's pronouncements were, in fact, the very condemnation of his own system opposing the hand and the machine. Drawing from this analysis, Verdier argues that Picabia's art was never unambiguously modern nor reactionary; it was instead what Freud called “reactional.”
Two new genera and five new species of Tullbergiidae (Collembola) from the southern Appalachian Mountains of North America, with redescription of Tullbergia clavata Mills
Authors: BERNARD ERNEST C.
Published: September 2016

Two new genera and five new species of Tullbergiidae (Collembola) are described from the North American Appalachian zone in eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina. Ameritulla n. gen. is established for species with 15 setae on the middle tibiotarsus, blunt papilla A on the labial palpus, two long rows of vesicles in the postantennal organ (PAO), two dorsal sensilla on the third antennal segment and crescentic pseudocelli. Ameritulla clavata (Mills, 1934) n. comb. (=Tullbergia clavata Mills, 1934) is designated as type species and redescribed from type specimens, and A. obscura n. sp. is described. On Mixturatulla ozwini n. gen., n. sp. papillae A and B of the labial palpus are thick and blunt, the second row of the PAO is laterally broken into numerous spherical vesicles, and the dorsum of Abd. VI has two rows of large, coalesced tubercles. Psammophorura miniclavata n. sp. lacks pseudocelli on the third abdominal segment, which are present in previously described species. Stenaphorura shaconage n. sp. is the first species of its genus reliably recorded from North America. It differs from its Palaearctic relatives in having 2+2 pseudocelli on most body segments. Tullbergia nearctica n. sp. resembles T. arctica (Wahlgren, 1900) but differs in several chaetotaxic characters. Sensilliform setae traditionally considered as ordinary pointed setae are recognized and charted. A new setal nomenclature is proposed for the ventral setae of the sixth abdominal segment.
A new canopy-dwelling species of Dendrelaphis (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Sinharaja, World Heritage Site, Sri Lanka
Authors: WICKRAMASINGHE L.J. MENDIS
Published: September 2016

A new species of Dendrelaphis, Dendrelaphis sinharajensis sp. nov. is described, the sixth species of the genus known from Sri Lanka. The new species is readily distinguished from all other congeners by its colour pattern and scalation. The species is a canopy-dweller known only from the Sinharaja World Heritage Site and its vicinity, in the lowland wet zone of Sri Lanka.
Five new species of genus Encarsia Förster from China (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
Authors: GENG HUI , LI CHENG-DE
Published: September 2016

Five new species of Encarsia Förster, E. dianensis sp. nov., E. hayati sp. nov., E. biseta sp. nov., E. huangi sp. nov., and E. yunnana sp. nov. are described from China. All share a clear asetose area around the stigmal vein of the fore wing, and a key to the Chinese species of Encarsia having such a fore wing area is given based on females. Photomicrographs are provided to illustrate morphological characters of the new species.
New taxa and notes on some Landrevinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) from Malay Peninsula
Authors: TAN MING KAI , KAMARUDDIN KHAIRUL NIZAM
Published: September 2016

Here, taxonomic notes on species from three genera of bark crickets are presented.  A new locality is recorded for Duolandrevus (Bejorama) parvulus Gorochov, 2016: Singapore. Two new species of Landrevinae are described: one species of Endodrelanva Gorochov, 1999 from Singapore: Endodrelanva jimini sp. nov.; one species of Odontogryllodes Chopard, 1969 from Fraser’s Hill, Peninsular Malaysia: Odontogryllodes gratus sp. nov. The male of Odontogryllodes latus Chopard, 1969 is also described for the first time and female is redescribed. Keys to all known species of Endodrelanva and Odontogryllodes is provided.
Space–Time Evolution of the Low- and High-Frequency Intraseasonal Modes of the Indian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Karmakar Nirupam , Chakraborty Arindam , Nanjundiah Ravi S.
Published: September 2016

In this study, rainfall estimates by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission are used to understand the spatiotemporal structures of convection in the intraseasonal time scale and their intensity during the boreal summer over South Asia. A quantitative analysis on how these intraseasonal modes modulate the central Indian rainfall is also provided.

Two dominant modes of variability with periodicities of 10–20 and 20–60 days are found, with the latter strongly modulated by sea surface temperature. The 20–60-day mode shows northward propagation from the equatorial Indian Ocean linked with eastward-propagating modes of convective systems over the tropics. The 10–20-day mode shows a complex space–time structure with a northwestward-propagating anomalous pattern emanating from the Indonesian coast. This pattern is found to be interacting with a structure emerging from higher latitudes propagating southeastward, the development of which is attributed to the vertical shear of the zonal wind. The two modes exhibit profound variability in their intensity on the interannual time scale and they contribute a comparable amount to the daily rainfall variability in a season. The intensity of the 20–60 and 10–20-day modes shows a significantly strong inverse and direct relationship with the all-India June–September rainfall, respectively.

This study establishes that the probability of the occurrence of substantial rainfall over central India increases significantly if the two intraseasonal modes simultaneously exhibit positive anomalies over the region. The results presented in this paper will provide a pathway to understand, using observations and numerical model simulations, intraseasonal variability and its relative contribution to the Indian summer monsoon. It can also be used for model evaluation.
The Pan-Canadian High Resolution (2.5 km) Deterministic Prediction System
Authors: Milbrandt Jason A. , Bélair Stéphane , Faucher Manon , Vallée Marcel , Carrera Marco L. , Glazer Anna
Published: September 2016

Since November 2014, the Meteorological Services of Canada (MSC) has been running a real-time numerical weather prediction system that provides deterministic forecasts on a regional domain with a 2.5-km horizontal grid spacing covering a large portion of Canada using the Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) forecast model. This system, referred to as the High Resolution Deterministic Prediction System (HRDPS), is currently downscaled from MSC’s operational 10-km GEM-based regional system but uses initial surface fields from a high-resolution (2.5 km) land data assimilation system coupled to the HRDPS and initial hydrometeor fields from the forecast of a 2.5-km cycle, which reduces the spinup time for clouds and precipitation. Forecast runs of 48 h are provided four times daily. The HRDPS was tested and compared to the operational 10-km system. Model runs from the two systems were evaluated against surface observations for common weather elements (temperature, humidity, winds, and precipitation), fractional cloud cover, and also against upper-air soundings, all using standard metrics. Although the predictions of some fields were degraded in some specific regions, the HRDPS generally outperformed the operational system for a majority of the scores. The evaluation illustrates the added value of the 2.5-km model and the potential for improved numerical guidance for the prediction of high-impact weather.
Green Narratives
Authors: Cooper Kathryn E. , Nisbet Erik C.
Published: September 2016

This study examined the relationships between narrative involvement, affect, risk perceptions, and environmental policy preferences. Experiment 1 involved a 3 (news, documentary, entertainment) × 2 (hydraulic fracturing, genetically modified organisms) mixed between- and within-subjects experiment. Results indicated a serial mediation model in which narrative involvement increased the likelihood of a negative affective response, in turn increasing risk perceptions and policy preferences for stricter regulation of environmental hazards. In Experiment 2, the pathway was tested for positively valenced content. Narrative involvement with positively valenced media produced a significantly lower negative affective response than negatively valenced media, but no difference terms of positive affect.
The Sensory Environment and Participation of Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Piller Aimee , Pfeiffer Beth
Published: September 2016

Sensory processing is recognized as impacting participation for preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Little research exists to examine the impact of the sensory environment on the participation patterns of children with ASD, specifically from a contextual standpoint. The researchers in this study examined the viewpoint of teachers and occupational therapists on the sensory-related environmental barriers to participation within the preschool context. Qualitative descriptive methodology was used for data collection and analysis. Thirteen preschool teachers and occupational therapists were interviewed. Sensory aspects of the environment both inhibited and enhanced participation. Physical and temporal components of the environment are identified as being the most influential. Modifications of the environment are identified as increasing participation. It is important to consider the sensory aspects of the environment, in addition to the sensory processing patterns of the person in assessment and intervention planning within the preschool environment.
Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Randolph Susan A.
Published: September 2016

Occupational health nurses play a valuable role in educating workers and supervisors about the risk factors and warning signs of ischemic stroke.