bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non‐Covalent and Covalent Binding of New Mixed‐Valence Cage‐like Polyoxidovanadate Clusters to Lysozyme
Authors: Tito Gabriella , Ferraro Giarita , Pisanu Federico , Garribba Eugenio , Merlino Antonello
Published: June 2024

The high‐resolution X‐ray structures of the model protein lysozyme in the presence of the potential drug [VIVO(acetylacetonato)2] from crystals grown in 1.1 M NaCl, 0.1 M sodium acetate at pH 4.0 reveal the binding to the protein of different and unexpected mixed‐valence cage‐like polyoxidovanadates (POVs): [V15O36(OH2)]5−, which non‐covalently interacts with the lysozyme surface, [V15O33(OH2)]+ and [V20O51(OH2)]n− (this latter based on an unusual {V18O43} cage) which covalently bind the protein. EPR spectroscopy confirms the partial oxidation of VIV to VV and the formation of mixed‐valence species. The results indicate that the interaction with proteins can stabilize the structure of unexpected – both for dimension and architecture – POVs, not observed in aqueous solution.
Nutzung des Perfluornaphthalin‐Radikalkations als selektiver Deelektronierer zur Erzeugung einer Vielzahl stark oxidierender reaktiver Kationen
Authors: Sellin Malte , Willrett Julie , Röhner David , Heizmann Tim , Fischer Julia , Seiler Matthis , Holzmann Celia , Engesser Tobias A. , Radtke Valentin , Krossing Ingo
Published: June 2024

Ein selektives Deelektronierungsreagenz mit einem sehr hohen Potential von +2.00 V (Lösung)/+2.41 V (Festkörper) vs. Fc+/0 wurde entwickelt und angewendet, welches auf einem raumtemperaturstabilen Perfluornaphthalin(NaphthalinF)‐Radikalkationsalz basiert. Durch die Deelektronierung von kommerziellem NaphthalinF durch [NO]+[F{Al(ORF)3}2]− im Festkörper kann [NaphthalinF]+⋅[F{Al(ORF)3}2]− (ORF=OC(CF3)3) in Gramm‐Maßstäben erhalten werden. Durch eine Thermodynamikanalyse wurde das Festkörperpotential des [NO]+‐Edukts zu +2.34 V vs. Fc+/0 mit [F{Al(ORF)3}2]− als Gegenion ermittelt, welches sich von +1.14 V vs. Fc+/0 für das kleinere [SbF6]−‐Anion stark unterscheidet. In selektiven Reaktionen wurde die Selektivität von [NaphthalinF]+⋅ in der Deelektronierung einer Vielzahl von organ(ometall)ischen Molekülen und Elementen in Lösung demonstriert: So wurden die Molekülstrukturen der Acen‐Dikationen [Tetracen]2+ und [Pentacen]2+ erhalten und der Carbonylkomplex des Ferrocen‐Dikations [Fc(CO)]2+ spektroskopisch nachgewiesen, sowie das [P9]+‐Kation aus weißem Phosphor, lösungsmittelfreies Kupfer(I)‐Salz aus Kupfermetall und der dikationische Fe(IV)‐Scorpionatkomplex [Fe(sc)2]2+ hergestellt.
Understanding Ligand Effects on Bielectronic Transitions: Chemo‐ and Electroreduction of Rhodium Bis(Diphosphine) Complexes to Low Oxidation States
Authors: Kick Anne‐Christine , Weyhermüller Thomas , Hölscher Markus , Kaeffer Nicolas , Leitner Walter
Published: June 2024

Rhodium complexes in the −I and 0 oxidation states are of great potential interest in catalytic applications. In contrast to their rhodium +I congeners, however, the structural and electronic parameters governing their access and stability are far less understood. Herein, we investigate the two‐electron reduction of a parameterized series of bis(diphosphine) Rh complexes [Rh(dxpy)2]NTf2 (x=P‐substituent, y=alkanediyl bridging P atoms). Through (electro)reductions from the RhI parents, Rh−I d10‐complexes were obtained and characterized spectroscopically, including 103Rh NMR data. The reductive steps convolute with structural rearrangements from square planar to tetrahedral coordination. We found that the extent of these reorganisations defines whether the first E0(RhI/0) and second E0(Rh0/−I) reduction potentials are normally ordered, leading to monoelectronic stepwise transitions, or inverted, giving bielectronic events. Reductionist approaches based on Hammett parameters or the P−Rh‐P bite angles provide only partial correlations with the redox potentials. However, we identified the C−O stretch of analogue diphosphine complexes as an expedient computational parameter that enables these correlations through both electronic and geometric features, even in a predictive manner. Gaining control over two‐electron reduction behaviors through rationalized ligand effects has potential impact beyond Rh complexes, for molecular and enzymatic metal sites commonly exhibiting bielectronic transitions.
Cyberbullying victimization and perpetration: The influence on cyberostracism and youth anxiety
Authors: Wang Zhiyou , Cheng Lin , Xie Zhe , Jiang Chaoxin
Published: June 2024

Cyberbullying is considered a major threat to adolescent anxiety. In this study, we aim to explore the simultaneous effects of cyberbullying victimization and perpetration on youth anxiety. Building on the childhood adversity model and the vulnerability‐stress model, we test the model wherein cyberbullying exposure is linked with cyberostracism, which in turn is expected to be associated with an increase in anxiety. We collected data from 1115 Chinese youth aged 11–19 years based on the stratified random sampling method. Structure equation modelling was conducted in Amos 26.0 to examine the proposed theoretical model. The findings suggested that compared with cyberbullying perpetration, the experience of cyberbullying victimization led to a significantly higher risk of youth anxiety. Multiple mediation analyses revealed that the three dimensions of cyberostracism, namely cyber direct excluded, cyber indirect excluded and cyber ignored, mediated the association of cyberbullying victimization and perpetration with youth anxiety. These results indicate that cyberostracism could be a risk factor for youth anxiety, thus providing new direction regarding intervention programs to reduce anxiety symptoms in adolescents.
Comprehensive characterization of bioactive peptides in rice bran protein hydrolysates: A multi‐platform approach for metabolomic profiling, identification, and molecular docking analysis
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Singh Narpinder , Joshi Robin
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives

To optimize the utilization of rice by‐products, the rice bran protein hydrolysate (RBPH) was subjected to a process of separation and purification using ultrafiltration and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). Subsequently, the identification of peptide sequences was carried out using mass spectrometer hybrid quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight and nontargeted metabolomic profiling done using UHPLC‐QTOF‐IMS profiling to identify antioxidant and antihypertensive amino acids.

Findings

Three novel bioactive peptides, namely, STCCK, FMKSK, and KICILVFTLTTC, were identified within RBPH through enzymatic digestion using alcalase, pepsin, and trypsin. These peptides showed significant antioxidant activity and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Molecular docking analyses elucidated various interaction mechanisms between these peptides and the ACE receptor protein, including hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. This suggested that the peptides effectively suppress ACE by forming hydrogen bonds with the active pockets of human ACE with a high affinity.

Conclusion

In summary, peptides derived from rice bran protein exhibited distinguished antihypertensive and antioxidant properties, underscoring their potential for valuable utilization in addressing utilization of rice by‐products.

Significance and Novelty

The study advances scientific knowledge and offers practical solutions for health improvement and sustainable agriculture.
Metastatic right atrial mass in the presence of atrial septal defect: A rare clinical coincidence
Authors: Arzhangzadeh Alireza , Amirghofran Ahmad Ali , Javid Roozbeh Narimani , Mohammadkarimi Vahid , Abtahi Firoozeh , Rafati Navaei Mohammad , Nozhat Salma , Salahi Sarvenaz , Shafiei Sasan , Khorshidi Soorena
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

The key takeaway from this clinical scenario is to choose the most appropriate and reasonable treatment plan when dealing with a patient who has atrial septal defect (ASD) and concurrent atrial and mediastinal masses. In such cases, a heart‐oncology team should make the therapeutic decision.

Right atrial masses are not pretty rare and might be a diagnostic challenge. Thrombosis, tumors, and vegetations are primary differential diagnoses. Workup for these masses usually includes multimodality imaging and biopsy in selected cases. We report a case of a 37‐year‐old lady who presented with cough, dyspnea, and head and neck swelling after a cesarean section. Echocardiography revealed a right atrial mass accompanied by a secundum type atrial septal defect (ASD). Pulmonary CT Angiography was performed, in which a lobulated mass in the anterior mediastinum was detected, and a heart‐oncology team made the therapeutic decision. The patient was scheduled for surgical ASD closure and concomitant tissue biopsy. The pathology results were in favor of poorly differentiated germ cell tumors, and chemotherapy was started following the surgery. After two sessions of chemotherapy, the tumor did not respond to the primary regimen. Thus, an updated regimen was initiated. Compliance with the updated regimen was acceptable, and the patient is currently under treatment and follow‐up.
Actinomyces‐infected bronchopulmonary sequestration: An uncommon pathogen in a rare anomaly
Authors: Suliman Aasir M. , Alsayed Ahmed , Obiedat Sarah , Massad Ehab , Ul Haq Irfan
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

Bronchopulmonary sequestration, a rare congenital anomaly, involves a nonfunctioning lung tissue mass supplied by anomalous vessels. It is rarely infected by Actinomyces, further complicating the clinical presentation, with limited reported cases. This case highlights the distinctive clinical aspects, diagnostic challenges, and successful management strategies of such a rare clinical entity.
On the fence: Combining multimodal imaging and laparoscopy for diagnosing tuberculous peritonitis
Authors: Yamada Kenji , Aoki Kazuaki , Tanaka Rina , Matsushima Seito , Sato Akiyuki , Kobayashi Takaaki , Moody Sandra , Nogi Masayuki
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

Tuberculous peritonitis (TB peritonitis) is one of the most challenging forms of extrapulmonary TB to diagnose. While tumor markers can be elevated in patients with TB peritonitis, FDG‐PET/CT can aid in distinguishing TB peritonitis from malignancies, if an apron‐like omentum pattern is seen. Laparoscopy is crucial for accurate and early diagnosis.
Iron in Organometallic Transformations: A Sustainable Substitute for Noble Metals
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Tewari Tanuja , Chikkali Samir H.
Published: June 2024

Transition metal catalysis plays a pivotal role in chemical synthesis. Noble metals often grab significant attention in organometallic catalysis due to their high reactivity. However, the serious issues associated with these metals such as low abundance, toxicity, geopolitical limitations, and volatile prices are driving the scientific community to discover sustainable alternatives. In this context, iron appears to be the first choice as an alternative metal due to its unique properties, including a range of stable oxidation states, Lewis acidity, high abundance in the earth‘s crust, and low toxicity. Over the past two decades, substantial progress has been made in iron catalysis. This overview examines the recent developments in iron‐catalyzed industrially relevant transformations such as hydroformylation, olefin isomerization, hydrosilylation, hydrophosphination, carbonylation, Wacker‐type oxidation, and plastic depolymerization. As witnessed throughout this review, the performance of iron can be significantly altered by suitable ligand selection and by tailoring the electronic and steric properties of the iron center. While noble metals remain the industry work‐horse, iron is inching closer and with extensive scientific understanding, it may replace noble metals in the near future.
Reactivity of Zinc Fingers in Oxidizing Environments: Insight from Molecular Models Through Activation Strain Analysis
Authors: Zeppilli Davide , Madabeni Andrea , Nogara Pablo A. , Rocha João B. T. , Orian Laura
Published: June 2024

The reactivity of Zn2+ tetrahedral complexes with H2O2 was investigated in silico, as a first step in their disruption process. The substrates were chosen to represent the cores of three different zinc finger protein motifs, i. e., a Zn2+ ion coordinated to four cysteines (CCCC), to three cysteines and one histidine (CCCH), and to two cysteines and two histidines (CCHH). The cysteine and histidine ligands were further simplified to methyl thiolate and imidazole, respectively. H2O2 was chosen as an oxidizing agent due to its biological role as a metabolic product and species involved in signaling processes. The mechanism of oxidation of a coordinated cysteinate to sulfenate‐κS and the trends for the different substrates were rationalized through activation strain analysis and energy decomposition analysis in the framework of scalar relativistic Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at ZORA‐M06/TZ2P ae // ZORA‐BLYP‐D3(BJ)/TZ2P. CCCC is oxidized most easily, an outcome explained considering both electrostatic and orbital interactions. The isomerization to sulfenate‐κO was attempted to assess whether this step may affect the ligand dissociation; however, it was found to introduce a kinetic barrier without improving the energetics of the dissociation. Lastly, ligand exchange with free thiolates and selenolates was investigated as a trigger for ligand dissociation, possibly leading to metal ejection; molecular docking simulations also support this hypothesis.
Asymmetric Rh Diene Catalysis under Confinement: Isoxazole Ring‐Contraction in Mesoporous Solids
Authors: Marshall Max , Dilruba Zarfishan , Beurer Ann‐Katrin , Bieck Kira , Emmerling Sebastian , Markus Felix , Vogler Charlotte , Ziegler Felix , Fuhrer Marina , Liu Sherri S. Y. , Kousik Shravan R. , Frey Wolfgang , Traa Yvonne , Bruckner Johanna R. , Plietker Bernd , Buchmeiser Michael R. , Ludwigs Sabine , Naumann Stefan , Atanasova Petia , Lotsch Bettina V. , Zens Anna , Laschat Sabine
Published: June 2024

Covalent immobilization of chiral dienes in mesoporous solids for asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis is highly attractive. In order to study confinement effects in bimolecular vs monomolecular reactions, a series of pseudo‐C2‐symmetrical tetrahydropentalenes was synthesized and immobilized via click reaction on different mesoporous solids (silica, carbon, covalent organic frameworks) and compared with homogeneous conditions. Two types of Rh‐catalyzed reactions were studied: (a) bimolecular nucleophilic 1,2‐additions of phenylboroxine to N‐tosylimine and (b) monomolecular isomerization of isoxazole to 2H‐azirne. Polar support materials performed better than non‐polar ones. Under confinement, bimolecular reactions showed decreased yields, whereas yields in monomolecular reactions were only little affected. Regarding enantioselectivity the opposite trend was observed, i. e. effective enantiocontrol for bimolecular reactions but only little control for monomolecular reactions was found.
A study of Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Tarim Basin with S‐wave receiver functions
Authors: Qu Chen , Shen Xuzhang , Yu Changqing , Liang Xiaofeng , Yang Wencai
Published: June 2024

During the early Cenozoic, the collision and convergence between India and Eurasia resulted in the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and continuous northward compression, forming the Circum‐Tibetan Plateau Basin and Orogen System (CTPBOS). The Tarim Basin, located between the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan Mountains, plays a crucial role for studying the convergence‐driving strain propagation mechanism intra‐Asian continent during the growth processes of the Tibetan Plateau. Owing to the lack of accurate geophysical information on the deep structure of the Tarim crust，the mechanism of Cenozoic deformation in the Tarim Basin has been under debate. In this paper, the teleseismic data acquired by the broadband seismic profile across the Tarim Basin from south to north and the S‐wave receiver function method were used to obtain the depth of the Moho and the discontinuities in the lithosphere beneath the Tarim Basin. The SRF result shows that the Moho geometry has an abrupt relief under the Bachu Uplift, and Moho offset under the fault zone between the Kalashayi Fault and the Tumuxiuke Fault. The regional dip of the Moho under the Bachu area can be explained by the root of the Bachu basement‐involved uplift cutting across the whole crust and locally penetrating into the mantle lithosphere. The Bachu Uplift, located in the central Tarim terrane, has a relatively weak lithosphere. In the process of forming the Tarim large igneous province during the early Permian, the crust beneath the Bachu area was weakened and thinned by the thermo‐mechanical erosion from upwelling mantle plume. As the collision and convergence of India and Eurasia since the early Cenozoic, the convergence‐driving strain was propagated into the Tarim Basin. The pre‐existing weak Bachu Uplift was reactivated. The Tarim Basin absorbs Cenozoic compressional deformation through the crustal shortening and Moho offset of the Bachu Uplift.
An environmental scan of food and drink advertising on public transport around Adelaide schools
Authors: Coro Daniel G. , Schirmer Kristy , van Rhoda Mollie , McQueen Bronte , Morris Christine
Published: June 2024

Issue Addressed

Children and adolescents are particularly receptive to cues from food and drink advertising. Several policies recommend restricting unhealthy or discretionary (‘junk’) food advertising on government infrastructure such as public transport. Prior research in New South Wales (NSW) and Western Australia (WA) reveals a high proportion of discretionary food advertising outdoors and on public transport. The aim of this study was to identify the landscape of food and drink advertising on public transport assets around Adelaide schools.

Methods

An environmental scan of food and drink advertising on public transport assets within 500 m of 65 Adelaide schools was conducted. The Council of Australian Governments Health Council's interim guide was used to categorise advertisements as ‘suitable’ or ‘unsuitable’ for promotion.

Results

Almost four in every five food and drink advertisements on public‐transport assets observed around Adelaide schools included discretionary food or drink, and therefore were categorised as unsuitable for promotion. Advertisements on bus exteriors were more likely to promote discretionary foods, compared with bus shelters.

Conclusions

This proportion of ‘unhealthy’ food advertising was comparable to previous research conducted in WA and NSW.

So What?

In light of historic state/territory actions such as the ACT preventing discretionary food advertising on public transport, these findings should prompt a review and discussion of the suitability of food and drink promotion on government‐owned South Australian transport and their associated assets.
Robots at work? Pitfalls of industry‐level data
Authors: Bekhtiar Karim , Bittschi Benjamin , Sellner Richard
Published: June 2024

In their seminal paper, Graetz and Michaels (2018) find that robots increase productivity, lower output prices, and adversely affect the share of low‐skilled labor. We demonstrate that these effects are partly driven by the sample composition and argue that focusing on manufacturing industries yields more credible results regarding the overall economic effects of robotization. The results show that focusing on robotizing industries leads to a sizable drop of the productivity effects, halving the effect size for labor productivity. Pronounced consequences from the sample choice occur for wage effects that are reversed from significantly positive into significantly negative. Controlling for demographic workforce characteristics proves to be essential for the significant labor productivity effects and leads to the reversal for wages.
Utilization of palm oil and palm oil effluent as a carbon source for the production of polyhydroxybutyrate co‐polyhydroxyhexanoate P(HB‐co‐HHx) a biopolymer in bacillus sp
Authors: Katagi Vrunda N , Arekal Roopashri N , Divyashree M Somashekara
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Biodegradable polymers are gaining a reputation as demand is increasing globally. Amongst these Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are attracting market attention as a consequence of their properties similar to those of conventional plastics. PHA is a natural polyester that is stored as an intracellular carbon (C) energy reserve of bacteria. This biopolymer can be extracted and used in place of petrochemical plastic. Medium chain‐length (mcl) PHA, specifically poly hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyhexanoate P (HB‐co‐HHx) copolymer produced by Bacillus, has gained practical attention owing to its superior physicochemical properties compared to the commonly synthesized PHB homopolymer. Co‐polymer production is dependent on C sources provided in the growth medium. In the present study we have employed palm oil and palm oil effluent as C source.

RESULTS

In the current study, it was observed that a significant amount of PHA and biomass was produced when the effluent was prepared at a concentration of 100% instead of water for preparing the growth medium. The production of biomass and PHA showed a range of 4.8–8and 1.5–4 g L−1, respectively. This means that the PHA yield obtained using the effluent was 50–80% of the control, whereas the control yielded only 40–50%.

CONCLUSION

Palm industry waste can be used as a substrate in bioprocessing industries. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of PHA obtained herein indicates that it consists of the mcl polymer P (HB‐co‐HHx). © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Analysis of tropical nights in Spain (1970–2023): Minimum temperatures as an indicator of climate change
Authors: Correa Jordan , Dorta Pedro , López‐Díez Abel , Díaz‐Pacheco Jaime
Published: June 2024

In the current context of climate change, the increase in minimum temperatures recorded in recent decades has received special scientific attention due to its importance for the proper night's sleep and health of the population, among other considerations. One of the main indicators usually considered refers to the frequency of tropical nights (≥20°C), which have begun to become widespread in regions hitherto excluded from this type of event. This paper analyses tropical nights in Spain between 1970 and 2023, addressing their mean annual occurrence, their intensity, their monthly distribution and the average number of consecutive tropical nights recorded, as well as their relationship with relative humidity. The results, based on the analysis of 75 homogenized series located in 44 different provinces, allow us to differentiate seven large areas based on the minimum temperature in which there has been an increase in the frequency and intensity of tropical nights, which progressively extend the season in which they can appear. Similarly, a generalized increase in the maximum number of consecutive nights thermally above 20°C was identified, in addition to the presence of high relative humidity in coastal areas during these episodes.
The antisickling agent, 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural: Other potential pharmacological applications
Authors: Pagare Piyusha P. , McGinn Mina , Ghatge Mohini S. , Shekhar Vibha , Alhashimi Rana T. , Daniel Pierce B. , Abdulmalik Osheiza , Zhang Yan , Safo Martin K.
Published: June 2024

For the last two decades, the aromatic aldehyde 5‐hydroxymethyl‐furfural (5‐HMF) has been the subject of several investigations for its pharmacologic potential. In 2004, the Safo group reported that 5‐HMF has potent antisickling activity by targeting and ameliorating the primary pathophysiology of hypoxia‐induced sickling of erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBC]). Following the encouraging outcome of the preclinical and phase I/II clinical studies of 5‐HMF for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD), there have been multiple studies suggesting 5‐HMF has several other biological or pharmacologic activities, including anti‐allergic, antioxidant, anti‐hypoxic, anti‐ischemic, cognitive improvement, anti‐tyrosinase, anti‐proliferation, cytoprotective, and anti‐inflammatory activities. The wide range of its effects makes 5‐HMF a potential candidate for treating a variety of diseases including cognitive disorders, gout, allergic disorders, anemia, hypoxia, cancers, ischemia, hemorrhagic shock, liver fibrosis, and oxidative injury. Several of these therapeutic claims are currently under investigation and, while promising, vary in terms of the strength of their evidence. This review presents the research regarding the therapeutic potential of 5‐HMF in addition to its sources, physicochemical properties, safety, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profiles.
Integration of Metabolomics with Network Pharmacology Deciphers the Anti‐Fatigue Activity Mechanisms of the Extract of Mirabilis himalaica Root
Authors: Li Xiang , Hao Xiaoqing , Zhou Junhui , Zhou Li , Ma Bo , Qiu Zidong , Zhao TangNa , Xu Liang , Liu Juan , Kang Liping
Published: June 2024

Fatigue, a common symptom in both diseased and healthy individuals, is a biological phenomenon characterized by a sense of extreme physical or mental exhaustion. To explore novel drugs and food sources of anti‐fatigue, the hydroalcoholic extract of the root of Mirabilis himalaica (MH extract) is evaluated as anti‐fatigue agents in this work, and clarifies that the mechanism of MH intervention in fatigue symptoms, and distribution of the anti‐fatigue constituents in the plant of Mirabilis himalaica is examined. The results show that the MH extract have a significantly anti‐fatigue effect via the pharmacological experiment and biochemical indicators. The network pharmacology, metabolomics, molecular docking, and pharmacology are integrated to determine that boeravinone A, B, and E are the pharmacoperones of anti‐fatigue. Moreover, the compounds of boeravinone are present only in the root and not in the leaf and stem of the Mirabilis himalaica, which validates that root of Mirabilis himalaica is historically and officially utilized medicinal parts.
Carbon labeling on meals in a ferry canteen
Authors: Lane Hakan , Pokutnia Oksana , Walker Mark David , Farias Ana Rita , Killingsworth Jayanna
Published: June 2024

The field experiment was conducted to explore in what ways CO2 labeling impacts customers' product selection. The objective of this study is the connection between eco‐labeling and the number of sales (customers' purchasing choices) made regardless of the price determinant. We performed a controlled investigation within 2 weeks, adding a CO2 label to the meals during the second week. The labeling icon showed the lifecycle emissions as a number and had a three‐level, high‐medium‐low graphical signal. The difference in sales between the 2 weeks was analyzed via chi‐squared and student t‐tests. There was a significant shift from meals associated with high CO2 emissions toward meals associated with lower CO2 quantity (chi‐square test, p = 0.001). There was likewise a significant 6% decrease in CO2 equivalent emissions per weight unit of purchased meals. As the shares of plant, meat, and fish‐based meals were similar for Week 1 and 2, the label was not potent enough to convince customers to change their diet styles. The reduction of CO2 emissions was achieved mainly through shifts in the direction of lower‐emitting meat and fish dishes. The obtained results depict that consumers pay attention to labeling while making purchasing choices, which has implications for marketing practice. The study implies that customers tend to select products with a lower environmental impact over others.
Intraoperative Ultrasound for the Management of Oral Tongue Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Spence Ryland N. , Au Vivienne H. , Zhao Yan , Feng Allen L. , Juliano Amy F. , Goss Deborah , Varvares Mark A.
Published: June 2024

Objective

To evaluate for correlation between intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS)‐measured tumor thickness (TT) (uTT) and histopathological TT (hTT), and to compare IOUS‐assisted resection with conventional resection in patients with oral tongue cancers.

Data Sources

Ovid MEDLINE (1946‐2023), Embase.com (1947‐2023), and Web of Science (All Databases 1900‐2023).

Review Methods

Inclusion criteria were the use of IOUS for the management of oral tongue cancer. Studies that did not report quantitative data were excluded. Additionally, studies that were not contributory to meta‐analysis, or a narrative analysis of pooled results were excluded. Selection was carried out by 2 reviewers. A total of 2417 studies were initially identified, with 12 ultimately being included in this review, and 7 included in the meta‐analysis. Data were extracted by 2 investigators and were pooled using a random‐effects model.

Results

Our meta‐analysis reveals a pooled correlation coefficient of 0.92 (95% confidence interval: 0.80‐0.96) for studies comparing uTT to hTT. Studies comparing IOUS‐assisted resection to conventional resection found IOUS‐assisted resection yielded wider nearest margins in all studies reporting this outcome.

Conclusion

IOUS reliably measures TT, similarly to that of histopathology measurement. IOUS‐assisted resection, which allows the surgeon to view the deep extent of tumor invasion, may increase closest radial margin distance compared to conventional resection. IOUS‐assisted resection may represent a more reliable approach to achieving clear margins than conventional resection.
Implementation science and psycho‐oncology: Advancing the translation of evidence into practice
Authors: Rankin Nicole M. , Jacobsen Paul B.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This Special issue of Psycho‐Oncology highlights examples of the application of implementation science to research in psycho‐oncology. The aim is to demonstrate the different ways that implementation science is being used to generate evidence that can more readily translate evidence into changes in clinical practice. We hope this issue fosters greater interest in using the tools of implementation science to improve the lives of people affected by cancer.

Methods

The papers in the issue were selected from among those that responded to a call for submissions on the application of implementation science frameworks and methods to issues in psycho‐oncology. The focus included but was not limited to research on: understanding barriers and facilitators of intervention/practice adoption; assessing implementation outcomes, evaluating implementation strategies, and improving behavioural and/or clinical outcomes.

Results

The 11 papers in this issue were grouped for presentation purposes into four common topics: barriers and facilitators to implementation; feasibility as a key implementation outcome; the design, selection and adaptation of implementation strategies; and building the foundation for psycho‐oncology research translation via systematic reviews that focus on implementation strategy design.

Conclusion

These papers demonstrate the breadth of current applications of implementation science to research in psycho‐oncology. Alongside the studies featured in this issue, including cost‐effectiveness analyses, tests of nationally‐focused strategies and proactive planning for adaptation, we look forward to other innovations that will promote further growth of both disciplines to improve the integration of psycho‐oncology interventions across healthcare systems.
Lipidated DNA Nanostructures Target and Rupture Bacterial Membranes
Authors: Bennett Isabel D. , Burns Jonathan R. , Ryadnov Maxim G. , Howorka Stefan , Pyne Alice L. B.
Published: June 2024

Chemistry has the power to endow supramolecular nanostructures with new biomedically relevant functions. Here it is reported that DNA nanostructures modified with cholesterol tags disrupt bacterial membranes to cause microbial cell death. The lipidated DNA nanostructures bind more readily to cholesterol‐free bacterial membranes than to cholesterol‐rich, eukaryotic membranes. These highly negatively charged, lipidated DNA nanostructures cause bacterial cell death by rupturing membranes. Strikingly, killing is mediated by clusters of barrel‐shaped nanostructures that adhere to the membrane without the involvement of expected bilayer‐puncturing barrels. These DNA nanomaterials may inspire the development of polymeric or small‐molecule antibacterial agents that mimic the principles of selective binding and rupturing to help combat antimicrobial resistance.
The Schwinger-Keldysh coset construction
Authors: Akyuz Can Onur , Goon Garrett , Penco Riccardo
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The coset construction is a tool for systematically building low energy effective actions for Nambu-Goldstone modes. This technique is typically used to compute time-ordered correlators appropriate for S-matrix computations for systems in their ground state. In this paper, we extend this technique to the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, which enables one to calculate a wider variety of correlators and applies also to systems in a mixed state. We focus our attention on internal symmetries and demonstrate that, after identifying the appropriate symmetry breaking pattern, Schwinger-Keldysh effective actions for Nambu-Goldstone modes can be constructed using the standard rules of the coset construction. Particular emphasis is placed on the thermal state and ensuring that correlators satisfy the KMS relation. We also discuss explicitly the power counting scheme underlying our effective actions. We comment on the similarities and differences between our approach and others that have previously appeared in the literature. In particular, our prescription does not require the introduction of additional “diffusive” symmetries and retains the full non-linear structure generated by the coset construction. We conclude with a series of explicit examples, including a computation of the finite-temperature two-point functions of conserved spin currents in non-relativistic paramagnets, antiferromagnets, and ferromagnets. Along the way, we also clarify the discrete symmetries that set antiferromagnets apart from ferromagnets, and point out that the dynamical KMS symmetry must be implemented in different ways in these two systems.
Holographic origin of TCC and the distance conjecture
Authors: Bedroya Alek
Published: June 2024

Abstract

One of the unique features of quantum gravity is the lack of local observables and the completeness of boundary observables. We show that the existence of boundary observables for particles with masses $$ \underset{t-\infty }{\lim}\frac{m}{H}=\infty $$

lim

t
−
∞

m
H

=
∞
in scalar fieldcosmologies where a(t) ∼ tp is equivalent to TCC, which implies p ≤ 1. Moreover, the mass of weakly-coupled particles must decay like m ≲ t1 − 2p to ensure that they yield non-trivial boundary observables. This condition can be expressed in terms of the scalar field that drives the cosmology as m ≲ exp(−cϕ) where c depends on the scalar potential. The strongest bound we find is achieved for $$ V\sim \exp \left(-2\phi /\sqrt{d-2}\right) $$
V
~
exp

−
2
ϕ
/

d
−
2

where $$ c=1/\sqrt{d-2} $$
c
=
1
/

d
−
2

. These results connect some of the most phenomenologically interesting Swampland conjectures to the most basic version of holography.
Universality in logarithmic temperature corrections to near-extremal rotating black hole thermodynamics in various dimensions
Authors: Maulik Sabyasachi , Pando Zayas Leopoldo A. , Ray Augniva , Zhang Jingchao
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The low-temperature thermodynamics of near-extremal rotating black holes has recently been revisited to incorporate one-loop contributions that are dominant in this regime. We discuss these quantum corrections to the gravitational path integral for asymptotically Anti de-Sitter black holes in four and five dimensions. In four dimensions we explicitly consider Kerr-AdS4, Kerr-Newman-AdS4 and the rotating black hole in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 gauged supergravity with two scalars and two electric charges turned on. In five dimensions we explicitly address the asymptotically flat Myers-Perry black hole and the Kerr-AdS5 black hole. In every case we find that tensor modes contribute $$ \frac{3}{2}\log {T}_{\textrm{Hawking}} $$

3
2

log

T
Hawking

to the low-temperature thermodynamics. We identify the root cause of this universality in two facts: (i) the universal presence of a SL(2, ℝ) subgroup of isometries in the near-horizon geometry and (ii) a set of cancellations in the Lichnerowicz operator. We show that these two conditions hold for near-extremal black holes in asymptotically flat and asymptotically AdS spacetimes of various dimensions.
Characterization of patient-derived intestinal organoids for modelling fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Laudadio Ilaria , Carissimi Claudia , Scafa Noemi , Bastianelli Alex , Fulci Valerio , Renzini Alessandra , Russo Giusy , Oliva Salvatore , Vitali Roberta , Palone Francesca , Cucchiara Salvatore , Stronati Laura
Published: June 2024

Background and aims

Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), namely Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), but the precise mechanism by which it occurs is incompletely understood hampering the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we aimed at inducing and characterizing an inflammation-mediated fibrosis in patient-derived organoids (PDOs) issued from crypts isolated from colonic mucosal biopsies of IBD pediatric patients and age matched-control subjects (CTRLs).

Methods

Inflammatory-driven fibrosis was induced by exposing CTRL-, CD- and UC-PDOs to the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α for one day, followed by a co-treatment with TNF-α and TGF-β1 for three days. Fibrotic response was proven by analyzing inflammatory and fibrotic markers by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. Transcriptomic changes were assessed by RNA-sequencing.

Results

Co-treatment with TNF-α and TGF-β1 caused in CTRL- and IBD-PDOs morphological changes towards a mesenchymal-like phenotype and up-regulation of inflammatory, mesenchymal, and fibrotic markers. Transcriptomic profiling highlighted that in all intestinal PDOs, regardless of the disease, the co-exposure to TNF-α and TGF-β1 regulated EMT genes and specifically increased genes involved in positive regulation of cell migration. Finally, we demonstrated that CD-PDOs display a specific response to fibrosis compared to both CTRL- and UC-PDOs, mainly characterized by upregulation of nuclear factors controlling transcription.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that intestinal PDOs may develop an inflammatory-derived fibrosis thus representing a promising tool to study fibrogenesis in IBD. Fibrotic PDOs show increased expression of EMT genes. In particular, fibrotic CD-PDOs display a specific gene expression signature compared to UC and CTRL-PDOs.
The intestine microbiota of shrimp and its impact on cultivation
Authors: Zeng Shenzheng , He Jianguo , Huang Zhijian
Published: June 2024

Intestinal microbiome contains several times of functional genes compared to the host and mediates the generation of multiple metabolic products, and therefore it is called “second genome” for host. Crustaceans rank second among the largest subphylum of aquaculture animals that are considered potentially satisfy global substantial food and nutrition security, among which the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ranks the first in the production. Currently, increasing evidences show that outbreaks of some most devastating diseases in shrimp, including white feces syndrome (WFS) and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), are related to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Importantly, the intestine microbial composition can be altered by environmental stress, diet, and age. In this review, we overview the progress of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and WFS or ANPHD in shrimp, and how the microbial composition is altered by external factors. Hence, developing suitable microbial micro-ecological prevention and control strategy to maintain intestinal balance may be a feasible solution to reduce the risk of disease outbreaks. Moreover, we highlight that defining the “healthy intestine microbiota” and evaluating the causality of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and diseases following the logic of “Microecological Koch’s postulates” should be the key goal in future shrimp intestinal field, which help to guide disease diagnosis and prevent disease outbreaks in shrimp farming.

Key points

• Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is relevant to multiple shrimp diseases.

• Microecological Koch’s postulates help to evaluate the causality of shrimp diseases.
Irreversible Electroporation as a Valid Treatment Option for Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: An International Multicenter Experience
Authors: Narayanan Govindarajan , Spano Anthony , Gentile Nicole T. , Shnayder-Adams Michelle M. , Gurusamy Varshana , Levi David M. , Wilky Breelyn A. , Mora Ronald A. , Noman Raihan , Peddu Praveen , Dijkstra Madelon
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is a rare tumor with currently no established standard of care. This international multicenter retrospective study assesses the use of percutaneous irreversible electroporation (IRE) as an ablative tool to treat HEHE and provides a clinical overview of the current management and role of IRE in HEHE treatment.

Material and Methods

Between 2017 and 2023, 14 patients with 47 HEHE tumors were treated with percutaneous IRE using CT-scan guidance in 23 procedures. Baseline patient and tumor characteristics were evaluated. Primary outcome measures included safety and effectiveness, analyzed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and treatment response by mRECIST criteria. Secondary outcome measures included technical success, post-treatment tumor sizes and length of hospital stay. Technical success was defined as complete ablation with an adequate ablative margin (intentional tumor free ablation margin > 5 mm).

Results

IRE treatment resulted in technical success in all tumors. Following a median follow-up of 15 months, 30 tumors demonstrated a complete response according to mRECIST criteria. The average tumor size pre-treatment was 25.8 mm, accompanied by an average reduction in tumor size by 7.5 mm. In 38 out of 47 tumors, there was no evidence of local recurrence. In nine tumors, residual tumor was present. There were no cases of progressive disease. Median length of hospital stay was one day. Only one grade 3 CTCAE event occurred, a pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement.

Conclusion

The current study provides evidence that IRE is a safe and efficacious minimally invasive treatment option for HEHE.

Graphical Abstract
Comparing field-scale eddy covariance measurements and crop coefficient estimates of alfalfa evapotranspiration to OpenET model estimates and exploring water budget implications in a dryland environment
Authors: Sabiston Liam , Sabie Robert , Buenemann Michaela , Stringam Blair , Fernald Alexander
Published: June 2024

Remote sensing evapotranspiration (ET) models have the potential to be powerful tools for water planning and management, particularly for agriculture. OpenET is an emerging web-based tool that uses satellite imagery and climate data for calculating six distinct ET models, and an ensemble model of the six models, to provide estimates of actual ET (ETa) which is useful for field-scale irrigation management decisions. Previous studies examining the performance of individual models included in the OpenET platform showed some models used in OpenET consistently predicted lower values of ETa in dryland regions relative to in-situ measurements. The OpenET research team has made modifications to address these isues. There are few studies examining if the modified models included in OpenET sill produce lower values of ETa compared to field values in dryland environments. This study compared satellite-based OpenET estimates of ETa from three alfalfa fields in the Mesilla Valley, New Mexico, USA–one field with measurements of ETa from an eddy covariance tower and two fields with estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc)–during the 2017 growing season to investigate if OpenET ETa estimates demonstrate an underestimation bias. OpenET ETa estimates were tested against in-situ ETa measurements and ETc estimates using two sample t-tests and Mann-Whitey U tests to determine if there were any significant differences in means between the two groups. Model seasonal percent mean bias error ranged from −33.99 to +11.37%. eeMETRIC and SIMS seasonal estimates were within ±15% of in-situ measurements at any of the three sites and within ±10% of in-situ measurements on average. SSEBop and DisALEXI produced significantly different monthly ETa estimates (p-values < 0.05) when data were extracted using the OpenET field polygons. The results of the small sample of fields suggest the OpenET models may estimate lower values of ETa relative to the field data. Future research should improve the methodology for assessing accuracy of OpenET in small agricultural fields in the western United States.
Post Covid telogen effluvium: the diagnostic value of serum ferritin biomarker and the preventive value of dietary supplements. a case control study
Authors: Bedair Nermeen Ibrahim , Abdelaziz Alaa Safwat , Abdelrazik Fatemaalzahraa Saad , El-kassas Mohamed , AbouHadeed Mohamed Hussein
Published: June 2024

Telogen effluvium is characterized by excessive hair shedding usually following a stressful event. Ferritin has been used in clinical practice as a biomarker of nonanemic iron deficiency in cases of telogen effluvium. During the years of the COVID19 pandemic, telogen effluvium was reported as a part of post covid manifestations. As ferritin was also a biomarker for inflammation in cases with covid infection, this study was designed to evaluate the value of ferritin in cases with postcovid telogen effluvium one hundred patients recovering from covid 19 for 4–12 weeks were included in the study, detailed drug and laboratory history was obtained and serum ferritin level was measured. the mean serum level of ferritin among telogen effluvium patients was significantly lower than controls (68.52 ± 126 and 137 ± 137.597 ug/L respectively). Patients with telogen effluvium used significantly more azithromycin and ivermectin and significantly less vitamin C, D, lactoferrin and zinc than the controls Although serum ferritin is lower among telogen effluvium patients, it was still higher than the cutoff value for diagnosing nonanemic iron deficiency, we suggest that it will not be a good biomarkers in these cases. Our secondary outcomes showed that dietary supplements used during active infection such as vitamin C, D, lactoferrin and zinc might have a preventive value on postcovid hair loss, while azithromycin and ivermectin could have a negative long term effect on telogen effluvium.