bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVAE OF PTEROSTICHUS OHIONIS CSIKI AND P. BLANCHARDI HORN WITH A KEY TO LARVAE OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN PTEROSTICHINI (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Bousquet Yves
Published: November 2009

The larvae of Pterostichus (Bothriopterus) ohionis Csiki and P. (Gastrellarius) blanchardi Horn are described and compared respectively with the other known larvae of Bothriopterus Chaudoir and Gastrellarius Casey. A key to larvae of 38 species of Pterostichini occurring in eastern North America is presented.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE FAMILY BRACHYPAUROPODIDAE (PAUROPODA) FROM JAPAN
Authors: Hagino Yasunori
Published: November 2009

Two new species of Brachypauropodidae are described, Aletopauropus tanakai and Deltopauropus reticulatus. They represent the first records of the family from Japan.
RELEASE OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA STEPHENS (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FOR CONTROL OF THE GREEN APPLE APHID, APHIS POMI DEGEER (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Hagley Elmer A.C.
Published: November 2009

Release of the chrysopid, Chrysoperla cornea Stephens, at a rate of ca. 335 000 eggs per hectare, reduced significantly the numbers of apterous adults and nymphs of the green apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, on dwarf apple trees. Greater reduction in aphid numbers occurred in 1984 than in 1985, and the efficiency of the predator might have been influenced by the predator:prey ratios (1:10 and 1:19) used and by the mean daily temperature that occurred during the test periods. Application of azinphosmethyl (Guthion 50% wp, 0.105 and 0.075 kg AI/100 L) did not adversely affect predation of apterous A. pomi by larvae of C. carnea.
A KEY TO AND NOTES ON THE GENERA OF BRACONINAE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) FROM AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW GENERA AND THREE NEW SPECIES
Authors: Quicke Donald L.J. , Sharkey Michael J.
Published: November 2009

An illustrated key to the genera of Braconinae from America north of Mexico is provided.Lapicida aquaticaQuicke gen.nov. and sp.nov. from Ontario and Iowa, andCompsobraconoides robustusQuicke gen.nov. and sp.nov. from Texas, Florida, and Mexico are described and illustrated.Bracon albispinaCameron is transferred toCompsobraconoidesand a key is provided to enable its separation fromCompsobraconoides rufusQuicke sp.nov.Chartobraconvan Achterberg is recorded from the New World for the first time and a new species,C.canadensisQuicke sp.nov. from Canada, is described, illustrated, and distinguished fromC.huggertivan Achterberg from Europe.SeliodusBrèthes is synonymized withBraconFabricius on the authority of C. van Achterberg. Relationships of the new genera are briefly discussed and notes are provided on all of the Nearctic genera.
A MULTIPLE-COHORT MODEL FOR SIMULATING JACK PINE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) DEVELOPMENT UNDER VARIABLE TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS
Authors: Lysyk T.J.
Published: November 2009

A phenology model for jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman, is presented. Linear and nonlinear relationships between temperature and the development of overwintering larvae, instars 2–7, and pupae are determined, as is variation in the development of each instar. The model uses as input daily maximum and minimum temperatures corrected for the effects of bark and bud microclimate and simulates the number of insects in each instar on a given calendar date. Variation in development of all stages is included. Simulations matched observed data well for north-central and northwestern Ontario in 1986, but overestimated time of development for northwestern Ontario in 1987. Simulations under low, medium, and high temperature conditions revealed that a nonlinear equation for rate of development was necessary for simulating emergence whereas linear rate equations were adequate for simulating development of the feeding instars. The combined effect of bud and bark microclimate on model performance was equal to that which resulted from the use of nonlinear developmental equations.
THE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF CANADIAN GRYLLOPTERA AND ORTHOPTERA
Authors: Vickery V.R.
Published: November 2009

The saltatorial orthopteroid insects did not originate in North America. Five avenues of entry were utilized in migration from other parts of the world. These were: (1) ancestral forms migrated to this region in Pangaean times when all continents formed a single land mass; (2) later in time, taxa migrated from Europe when Eurasia and North America were still joined, or later via an Atlantic land bridge; (3) ancestral forms migrated northward from the Neotropical region before the separation of the two continents or, much later, when the two continents became rejoined; (4) later arriving taxa entered North America during the Pleistocene via a Beringian land bridge; (5) some species are very recent immigrants, either because of the activities of man or by migration into Canadian territory from the south.

The fossil record is very incomplete. It indicates past climatic conditions, but is of limited assistance concerning extant taxa.

Pleistocene glaciation had a profound effect upon the distribution of extant species. Many species were forced to move southward to escape the advancing ice. Some species probably were eliminated. It is clear that most of the extant species have migrated northward since the recession of the Wisconsin glacier.
NEUROHORMONAL INDUCTION OF PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS BY HELIOTHIS ZEA (BODDIE) DURING THE PHOTOPHASE
Authors: Teal P.E.A. , Tumlinson J.H.
Published: November 2009

Females of Heliothis zea (Boddie) were stimulated to produce pheromone by injection of brain – subesophageal ganglion homogenates. Females injected with this homogenate during the photophase produced the same amount of pheromone and same ratio of components as neck-ligated females injected during the peak of pheromone production. Decapitated females and isolated abdomens also produced pheromone when injected with the brain – subesophageal ganglion homogenate during the photophase. These data show that the neurohormone which stimulates pheromone production is not degraded by enzymes during the photophase and that pheromone is not metabolized at a greater rate during periods when the insect is not producing pheromones.
LIMNOZETES(ACARI: ORIBATIDA: LIMNOZETIDAE) OF NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Behan-Pelletier Valerie M.
Published: November 2009

The species ofLimnozetesof northeastern North America are treated. A new generic diagnosis is given. Eight new species are described:L.latilamellata,L.guyi,L.borealis,L.onondaga,L.amnicus, andL.palmeraeon the basis of adults and immatures, andL.lustrumandL.atmetoson the basis of adults. Identification of adults and immatures of these species is presented in tabular format. The range of morphological variation exhibited by these species is discussed. Transformation series for eight character states inLimnozetesare hypothesized on the basis of comparison withHydrozetes. A key is given to the adults of the nine species ofLimnozetesrecorded from northeastern North America.
RESISTANCE TO PYRAZOPHOS IN THE SERPENTINE LEAFMINER LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (BURGESS) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) IN ONTARIO GREENHOUSES
Authors: Broadbent A.B. , Pree D.J.
Published: November 2009

In 1986 a greenhouse population of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) was shown to be highly resistant (155-fold at LC50) to the organophosphorus compound pyrazophos. However in 1987, the same population had only 35–40% resistant individuals remaining. A survey in 1986 of five other greenhouses reporting leafminer control failures indicated three other resistant populations in southern Ontario. Resistance was not affected by the addition of the synergists diethyl maleate or triphenyl phosphate to pyrazophos. Cross-resistance to the phosphorothioate insecticides demeton, chlorpyrifos, and triazophos was indicated.
IMMATURE STAGES AND BIOLOGY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CADDISFLY GENUS PHANOCELIA BANKS (TRICHOPTERA: LIMNEPHILIDAE)
Authors: Fairchild Wayne L. , Wiggins Glenn B.
Published: November 2009

Larvae of Phanocelia canadensis (Banks) were found inhabiting the floating sphagnum fringe of acidic bog ponds. Phanocelia canadensis has a 1-year life cycle with autumnal emergence. This is the first morphological and biological information available for immature stages of this genus.
IMMEDIATE AND 2ND-YEAR EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDE SPRAY AND BAIT TREATMENTS ON POPULATIONS OF RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS
Authors: Quinn Mark A. , Kepner R.L. , Walgenbach D.D. , Bohls R.A. , Pooler P.D. , Foster R. Nelson , Reuter K.C. , Swain J.L.
Published: November 2009

Two, 1400-ha blocks of rangeland in western South Dakota were treated aerially with malathion liquid spray or carbaryl – bran bait in early July 1986 to determine the immediate and 2nd-year impact of treatments on grasshopper populations. Total grasshopper populations were reduced by 92 and 47% in the malathion and carbaryl – bran bait treatment plots, respectively, within 48 h after treatment and remained at a low level throughout the summer. Populations did not change in the control plots. Populations of the two most abundant species,Ageneotettix deorum(Scudder) andMelanoplus sanguinipes(F.), declined by 65 and 87%, respectively, in the carbaryl – bran bait plots but populations of bran "rejectors" (predominantlyTrachyrhachys kiowa[Thomas]) did not change.

Densities of the bran "acceptors" (Melanoplusspp.,Phoetaliotes nebrascensis[Thomas], andA.deorum), as a group, did not change significantly in the control plots between the pre-treatment and July 1987 sampling dates. Densities within both sets of treatment plots were significantly lower in the 2nd year of the study than on the pre-treatment sampling date. Although 2nd-year populations of bran acceptors, as a group, did not increase to pre-treatment levels in the treated plots, populations ofM.sanguinipesdid increase to pre-treatment levels in both sets of treatment plots. Populations of bran rejectors generally remained low in treatment and control plots.

Analysis of covariance of the densities of 2nd-year populations of total grasshoppers and bran rejectors indicated that treatment had no significant effect on populations of these grasshoppers, but the covariable, pre-treatment density, was significantly correlated with 2nd-year densities. Densities of 2nd-year populations of bran acceptors were also significantly correlated with pre-treatment densities.

It was concluded that both the insecticidal spray and bait were effective in controlling most economically important species of rangeland grasshoppers. Although both treatments may have suppressed populations of bran acceptors, as a group, in the 2nd year of the study, neither suppressed populations ofM.sanguinipeswhich increased to pre-treatment levels regardless of treatment. The effect of treatments on 2nd-year populations of bran rejectors could not be determined because populations of this group also declined in control plots.
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS TO G.P. HOLLAND'S “FLEAS OF CANADA, ALASKA AND GREENLAND (SIPHONAPTERA)”
Authors: Galloway Terry D. , Haas Glenn E. , Benton Allen H.
Published: November 2009

George Holland's superb monograph on the fleas of Canada, Alaska and Greenland was published asMemoir of the Entomological Society of CanadaNo. 130 on 11 March 1985 (not in 1984 as indicated on the spine of the monograph). This work was immediately adopted by those of us working with the northern North American flea fauna. Because of George's lengthy illness, he was unable to correct galley proofs to his usual high standards. Unfortunately, George Holland passed away later in 1985, before he was able to address corrections to the monograph. What follows is a compilation of the errors that we have detected since the monograph was published. We have made no attempt to reinterpret Holland's taxonomic or biogeographical concepts, nor in any way change the meaning of the text. We have included additional references that pertain to the relevant geographic areas, either where Holland did not refer to them in the text, or which appeared subsequent to completion of the manuscript, up to and including year of publication (1985). The authors thank Agriculture Canada for financial support in the publication of this manuscript.
A NEW SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA HARAI (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE), COLLECTED FROM RED SPRUCE, PICEA GLEHNII MASTERS, IN JAPAN
Authors: Togashi Ichiji
Published: November 2009

Pristiphora harai sp.nov. collected on red spruce, Picea glehnii Masters, in Hokkaido is described, illustrated, and compared with P. ezomatsuvora Togashi.
DESCRIPTION OF THE GALLERY AND LARVA OF DENDROCTONUS PUNCTATUS LECONTE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Furniss Malcolm M. , Johnson James B.
Published: November 2009

A gallery system and the mature larva of Dendroctonus punctatus LeConte are described from white spruce in Montana. The gallery is allied to that of the Eurasian D. micans (Kugelann) but the larva differs particularly in having a sclerotized area on the eighth abdominal tergum that is lacking in D. micans. Similar native species are D. murrayanae Hopkins, which infests pines, and D. rufipennis (Kirby), which infests spruces. A key and diagnostic characters are presented for identifying D. punctatus larvae.
COMPARISON OF LEAF DISC AND PETRI DISH ASSAYS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF DICOFOL RESISTANCE IN POPULATIONS OF EUROPEAN RED MITE FROM SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Pree D.J. , Cole K.J. , Fisher P.A.
Published: November 2009

Two bioassay methods using leaf discs and Petri dishes as the treated medium were compared. Resistance levels were approximately 11-fold with the leaf disc method and 7-fold using the Petri dish assay. Comparisons of the two methods on six wild populations indicated that the Petri dish assay was more sensitive in identifying low frequencies of resistance. Advantages of the Petri dish assay over the previously used leaf disc method for rapid, field-type surveys are discussed.

Surveys of populations from the Simcoe and Niagara areas, using the Petri dish assay, indicated resistance to dicofol in 11 of 22 samples. Resistance was generally correlated with sites where dicofol had been used at least once a year for 2–3 consecutive years. The data indicate a resurgence of dicofol resistance since 1984 when resistance was detected at 4% of the surveyed sites.
TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO FIRST-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDMOTH, ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSIS MUT. AND FREE. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES
Authors: Helson B.V. , de Groot P. , Turgeon J.J. , Kettela E.G.
Published: November 2009

Laboratory tests with selected carbamate, organophosphorus, and pyrethroid insecticides demonstrated that the pyrethroid permethrin has the best potential for controlling newly hatched larvae of Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. and Free. Permethrin possessed high crawling contact toxicity (toxicity of insecticide deposits on foliage when contacted by crawling larvae) and direct contact toxicity to first-instar larvae and exhibited long residual effectiveness on potted, white spruce trees. Chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, mexacarbate, and methomyl had high crawling contact toxicity but short residual activity. Azinphos-methyl appeared to possess long residual effectiveness but relatively low crawling contact toxicity. Aminocarb and thiodicarb exhibited short residual effectiveness and relatively low toxicity. In field trials, an aerial application of permethrin (70 g/ha) at egg hatch resulted in an 81% population reduction and limited the destruction of tree leaders to 9%. Leader destruction was greater than 19% after treatments of permethrin at 35 g AI/ha or aminocarb at 180 g AI/ha or aminocarb twice at 90 g AI/ha. Leader destruction in an untreated plantation was 51%.
HABITAT OF A NEW MYMAROMMATIDAE FOUND IN SOUTHERN QUEBEC, CANADA (HYMENOPTERA: TEREBRANTES)
Authors: Clouâtre Alain , Coderre Daniel , Gagnon Daniel
Published: November 2009

During a study on the litter arthropods of the natural forests of southern Quebec, Mymarommatidae specimens were found near Lachute, northwest of Montreal. Fewer than 200 specimens of Mymarommatidae have been collected throughout the world (Huber 1987); there are only nine species, all in the genus Palaeomymar Meunier (Yoshimoto 1984). Morphologically, the insects are characterized by a two-segmented abdominal petiole and atrophied posterior wings attached to the anal margin of entirely reticulated anterior wings (Huber 1987). Their biology is still unknown (J.T. Huber, pers. comm.), although it is thought that they may be insect egg parasites (Yoshimoto 1984). Yoshimoto (1984) included the Mymarommatidae in the Chalcidoidea. However, Gibson (1986) proposed not to include them in a superfamily until the phyletic relationships of the Terebrantes are better defined.
PREDATION BY RED SQUIRRELS ON THE SPRUCE BUDWORM CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Jennings Daniel T. , Crawford Hewlette S.
Published: November 2009

Predators of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumijerana (Clem.), include both invertebrates and vertebrates (Jennings and Crawford 1985). Birds are the best known and most extensively studied vertebrate predators, but because of their arboreal and omnivorous feeding habits, the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus (Bangs), and the red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Bangs), often are implicated as potential predators of budworm larvae and pupae (Morris et al. 1958; Morris 1963; Otvos 1981; Welsh 1983). In laboratory feeding trials, W.F. Chesire estimated that red squirrels had a mean food capacity of 600–700 mature larvae or pupae of the spruce budworm per day (Morris 1963). R.T. Mitchell examined the stomach contents of 25 red squirrels collected during a major spruce budworm outbreak in northern Maine (Dowden et al. 1953); he found that spruce budworms made up 51% of their total food. On the basis of these results, Dowden et al. (1953) estimated that a red squirrel could eat 400–500 larvae per day.
INTERACTIONS AT THREE TROPHIC LEVELS: EDOVUM PUTTLERI GRISSELL (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE), THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, AND INSECT-RESISTANT POTATOES
Authors: Ruberson John R. , Tauber Maurice J. , Tauber Catherine A. , Tingey Ward M.
Published: November 2009

Resistant potato plants influenced the parasitoid Edovum puttleri Grissell directly, as well as indirectly through eggs of the parasitoid’s host, the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). In the field, E. puttleri parasitized more egg masses on plants with no glandular trichomes or with glandular trichomes bearing only enclosed droplets of exudate than on plants with two types of glandular trichomes (one with exposed droplets and the other bearing enclosed droplets). Trichomes with exposed droplets entrapped numerous parasitoids. Although rearing L. decemlineata on resistant plants influenced many of the beetle’s life-history traits, it did not affect the suitability of their eggs for development and survival of preimaginal E. puttleri. However, eggs from L. decemlineata that were reared on resistant potato plants reduced the longevity of the parasitoids and also reduced the number of hosts (eggs) killed by parasitoids.
THE LIFE HISTORY OF TOUMEYELLA PINI (KING) (HOMOPTERA: COCCIDAE) IN LOBLOLLY PINE SEED ORCHARDS IN GEORGIA
Authors: Clarke Stephen R. , DeBarr Gary L. , Berisford C. Wayne
Published: November 2009

The striped pine scale, Toumeyella pini (King), had three generations per year in south Georgia. Females developed on snoots and males developed on needles of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. Generations overlapped and crawlers were most abundant in May, mid-July to early August, and late October to early November. The average fecundity was 1865 crawlers per female. Parasitism averaged ca. 15%, but the predation rate reached 50%. Coccophagus lycimnia Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was the most common parasitoid reared from both males and females. A pyralid larva, Laetitia coccidivora (Comstock), was a frequent predator of females.
REVISION OF NORTH AMERICANAGABUSLEACH (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE): INTRODUCTION, KEY TO SPECIES GROUPS, AND CLASSIFICATION OF THEAMBIGUUS-,TRISTIS-, ANDARCTICUS-GROUPS
Authors: Larson D.J.
Published: November 2009

The first of a planned series of papers revising the Nearctic species of the predaceous diving beetle genus,AgabusLeach, is presented. The genus is defined in the broad sense of Sharp (1882) and Fall (1922). The North American species are divided into species groups and diagnostic characters for group recognition are summarized in a key. Assignment of species to these groups is indicated in a checklist of North American species. Theambiguus-,tristis-, andarcticus-groups are defined, their relationships discussed, and included species revised. Theambiguus-group, which is restricted to North America, contains the speciesA.ambiguus(Say),A.strigulosis(Crotch),A.erythropterus(Say),A.austiniiSharp, andA.klamathensissp.nov. Thetristis-group, which has a Holarctic distribution, contains two species in North America,A.tristisAubé andA.leptapsis(LeConte). The Holarcticarcticus-group is represented byA.arcticus(Paykull) andA.anthracinus(Mannerheim) in North America. For each species, patterns of variation are described, the North American distributions mapped, and ecological information summarized.
NOTE ONCYRTOGASTER VULGARISWALKER (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE), A SECONDARY PARASITE OF THE ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE), WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE IMMATURE STAGES
Authors: Guppy J.C. , Meloche F.
Published: November 2009

Cyrtogaster vulgarisWalker, a pupal parasite of the alfalfa blotch leafminer,Agromyza frontella(Rondani), acts as a secondary agent as well. The adults, which deposit their eggs within host puparia, apparently do not discriminate between healthy leafminers and those parasitized byDacnusa dryas(Nixon). The egg and larval cephalic structures ofC.vulgarisare described and illustrated and the final-instar larval skins of the two parasite species are compared.
DO BALSAM TWIG APHIDS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) LOWER TREE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SPRUCE BUDWORM?
Authors: Mattson William J. , Haack Robert A. , Lawrence Robert K. , Herms Daniel A.
Published: November 2009

The balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus Koch, infested nearly all trees in a range-wide provenance plantation of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., in Michigan. Infestation levels were highest on eastern and lowest on western seed sources of fir. Large populations of the aphid were correlated with low survival and reduced developmental rates of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). We propose that chronic, high susceptibility of trees to aphids could reduce concomitant susceptibility to budworm through direct (competition) and indirect (host and community-level) effects.
PHEROMONE-BASED AGGREGATION INORTHOTOMICUS CAELATUS(EICHHOFF) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Phillips Thomas W. , Atkinson Thomas H. , Foltz John L.
Published: November 2009

Two field experiments were conducted to determine ifOrthotomicus caelatus(Eichhoff) was attracted to pine bolts infested with conspecifics and to assess the roles of the sexes in attraction. Traps baited with pine bolts artificially infested with males attracted both males and females, but traps baited with uninfested bolts or bolts with females caught very low numbers of beetles. The addition of females to bolts with males reduced the attraction produced by males in a second experiment. Bolts with males and females did not reduce the attraction produced by other males in adjacent bolts, suggesting that females do not produce a masking pheromone. The pheromone system ofO.caelatusis similar to those known for other species in the Ipini in which males initiate gallery construction, produce an attractant, and attract females and opportunistic males. Preliminary gas chromatographic analyses of extracts of hindguts and frass from males boring on pine bolts suggested the presence of ipsdienol and ipsenol, two commonly occurring pheromones in other species of the Ipini. The pheromone system ofO.caelatusis discussed with regard to the complexity of the pine bark beetle guild in the southeastern United States.
Stallion Sperm Viability, as Measured by the Nucleocounter SP-100, Is Affected by Extender and Enhanced by Single Layer Centrifugation
Authors: Morrell J. M. , Johannisson A. , Juntilla L. , Rytty K. , Bäckgren L. , Dalin A.-M. , Rodriguez-Martinez H.
Published: November 2009

On-stud assessment of stallion sperm quality can be problematic. A new instrument, the Nucleocounter SP-100, was validated for measuring stallion sperm concentration and viability. It was subsequently used to evaluate sperm viability in Kenney's extender and INRA96. There was a strong correlation between sperm concentrations measured by the Nucleocounter SP-100 and by the Bürker counting chamber (; ). Similarly, there was a good correlation between sperm viability results from the Nucleocounter SP-100 and flow cytometric results (; ). Sperm viability at 24 hours was significantly better for samples extended in INRA96 than in Kenney's extender (). Furthermore, sperm kinematics were better for stored samples in INRA96 than in Kenney's extender. Single Layer Centrifugation selected spermatozoa that maintained their viability better during storage for 24 hours than the uncentrifuged samples. In conclusion, the type of semen extender used and Single Layer Centrifugation were found to influence both the kinematics and viability of stallion spermatozoa. The Nucelocounter-SP100 was considered to be a useful instrument for rapidly measuring stallion sperm concentration and viability.
Calvin and mission
Authors: Labuschagne Jacobus P.
Published: November 2009

It has often been stated or implied that John Calvin and the Reformers in general were indifferent to or even against mission. The aim of this study is to point out that this understanding is not a true version of the facts. A thorough examination of the theology and actions of John Calvin, evaluated against the background of his times and world, reveals that he was firmly committed to spreading the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the Lord. Also the theological insights of Calvin and the Reformers not only provided the crucial theological basis to support the future massive missionary expansion of Protestant churches, but necessitate for all times Church mission as a sure consequence of their theology. Calvin’s theology can indeed be described as an ‘essentially missionary theology’. In the heart of Calvin’s theological thinking clearly features the doctrine of justifi cation – because medieval man’s concern for salvation needed to be answered.
On Geometric Flats in the CAT(0) Realization of Coxeter Groups and Tits Buildings
Authors: Caprace Pierre-Emmanuel , Haglund Frédéric
Published: November 2009

Given a complete CAT(0) spaceXendowed with a geometric action of a group Ⲅ, it is known that if Ⲅ contains a free abelian group of rankn, thenXcontains a geometric flat of dimensionn. We prove the converse of this statement in the special case whereXis a convex subcomplex of the CAT(0) realization of a Coxeter groupW, and Ⲅ is a subgroup ofW. In particular a convex cocompact subgroup of a Coxeter group is Gromov-hyperbolic if and only if it does not contain a free abelian group of rank 2. Our result also provides an explicit control on geometric flats in the CAT(0) realization of arbitrary Tits buildings.
The Face Semigroup Algebra of a Hyperplane Arrangement
Authors: Saliola Franco V.
Published: November 2009

This article presents a study of an algebra spanned by the faces of a hyperplane arrangement. The quiver with relations of the algebra is computed and the algebra is shown to be a Koszul algebra. It is shown that the algebra depends only on the intersection lattice of the hyperplane arrangement. A complete systemof primitive orthogonal idempotents for the algebra is constructed and other algebraic structure is determined including: a description of the projective indecomposablemodules, the Cartan invariants, projective resolutions of the simple modules, the Hochschild homology and cohomology, and the Koszul dual algebra. A new cohomology construction on posets is introduced, and it is shown that the face semigroup algebra is isomorphic to the cohomology algebra when this construction is applied to the intersection lattice of the hyperplane arrangement.
Group Gradings on Associative Algebras with Involution
Authors: Bahturin Y. A. , Giambruno A.
Published: November 2009

In this paper we describe the group gradings by a finite abelian group G of the matrix algebra Mn(F) over an algebraically closed field F of characteristic different from 2, which respect an involution (involution gradings). We also describe, under somewhat heavier restrictions on the base field, all G-gradings on all finite-dimensional involution simple algebras.
On the Inner Radius of a Nodal Domain
Authors: Mangoubi Dan
Published: November 2009

Let M be a closed Riemannian manifold. We consider the inner radius of a nodal domain for a large eigenvalue λ. We give upper and lower bounds on the inner radius of the type C/λα(log λ)β. Our proof is based on a local behavior of eigenfunctions discovered by Donnelly and Fefferman and a Poincaré type inequality proved by Maz’ya. Sharp lower bounds are known only in dimension two. We give an account of this case too.
On the Classification of Rational Quantum Tori and the Structure of Their Automorphism Groups
Authors: Neeb Karl-Hermann
Published: November 2009

Ann-dimensional quantum torus is a twisted group algebra of the group ℤn. It is called rational if all invertible commutators are roots of unity. In the present note we describe a normal form for rationaln-dimensional quantum tori over any field. Moreover, we show that forn= 2 the natural exact sequence describing the automorphism group of the quantum torus splits over any field.
Differences between Perfect Powers
Authors: Bennett Michael A.
Published: November 2009

We apply the hypergeometric method of Thue and Siegel to prove that if a and b are positive integers, then the inequality 0 < |ax – by | < ¼ max ﹛ax/2, by/2﹜ has at most a single solution in positive integers x and y. This essentially sharpens a classic result of LeVeque.
Picard's Iterations for Integral Equations of Mixed Hammerstein Type
Authors: Ezquerro J. A. , Hernández M. A.
Published: November 2009

A new semilocal convergence result for the Picard method is presented, where the main required condition in the contraction mapping principle is relaxed.
Coupled Vortex Equations on Complete Kähler Manifolds
Authors: Wang Yue
Published: November 2009

In this paper, we first investigate the Dirichlet problem for coupled vortex equations. Secondly, we give existence results for solutions of the coupled vortex equations on a class of complete noncompact Kähler manifolds which include simply-connected strictly negative curved manifolds, Hermitian symmetric spaces of noncompact type and strictly pseudo-convex domains equipped with the Bergmann metric.
Laplace Transform Type Multipliers for Hankel Transforms
Authors: Betancor Jorge J. , Martínez Teresa , Rodríguez-Mesa Lourdes
Published: November 2009

In this paper we establish that Hankel multipliers of Laplace transform type are bounded from Lp(w) into itself when 1 < p < ∞, and from L1(w) into L1,∞(w), provided that w is in the Muckenhoupt class Ap on ((0,∞), dx).
On the Simple ℤ2-homotopy Types of Graph Complexes and Their Simple ℤ2-universality
Authors: Csorba Péter
Published: November 2009

We prove that the neighborhood complex N(G), the box complex B(G), the homomorphism complex Hom(K2, G) and the Lovász complex L(G) have the same simple ℤ2-homotopy type in the sense of Whitehead. We show that these graph complexes are simple ℤ2-universal.
The Invariant Subspace Problem for Non-Archimedean Banach Spaces
Authors: Śliwa Wiesław
Published: November 2009

It is proved that every infinite-dimensional non-archimedean Banach space of countable type admits a linear continuous operator without a non-trivial closed invariant subspace. This solves a problem stated by A. C. M. van Rooij and W. H. Schikhof in 1992.
Sleep induced by stimulation in the human pedunculopontine nucleus area
Authors: Arnulf Isabelle , Ferraye Muriel , Fraix Valérie , Benabid Alim Louis , Chabardès Stephan , Goetz Laurent , Pollak Pierre , Debû Bettina
Published: November 2009

The pedunculopontine nucleus is part of the reticular ascending arousal system and is involved in locomotion and sleep. Two patients with Parkinson disease received electrodes that stimulated the pedunculopontine nucleus area to alleviate their severe gait impairment. Instead, we found that low‐frequency stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus area increased alertness, whereas high‐frequency stimulation induced non‐rapid eye movement sleep. In addition, the sudden withdrawal of the low‐frequency stimulation was consistently followed by rapid eye movement sleep episodes in 1 patient. These data have the potential to benefit patients who suffer from sleep disorders. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:546–549
Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation improves long‐term stroke outcome in mice
Authors: Fan Yongfeng , Shen Fanxia , Frenzel Tim , Zhu Wei , Ye Jianqin , Liu Jianrong , Chen Yongmei , Su Hua , Young William L. , Yang Guo‐Yuan
Published: November 2009

Objective

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in tissue repairing and regeneration in ischemic organs, including the brain. However, the cause of EPC migration and the function of EPCs after ischemia are unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of EPCs on ischemic brain injury in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO).

Methods

Circulating human EPCs were characterized with immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. EPCs (1 × 106) were injected into nude mice after 1 hour of tMCAO. Histological analysis and behavioral tests were performed from day 0 to 28 days after tMCAO.

Results

EPCs were detected in ischemic brain regions 24 hours after tMCAO. EPC transplantation significantly reduced ischemic infarct volume at 3 days after tMCAO compared with control animals (p < 0.05). CXCR4 was expressed in the majority of EPCs, and stromal‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) induced EPC migration, which was blocked by pretreated EPCs with AMD3100 in vitro. SDF‐1 was upregulated in ischemic brain. Compared with control animals, injecting AMD3100‐pretreated EPCs resulted in a larger infarct volume 3 days after tMCAO, suggesting that SDF‐1–mediated signaling was involved in EPC‐mediated neuroprotection. In addition, EPC transplantation reduced mouse cortex atrophy 4 weeks after tMCAO and improved neurobehavioral outcomes (p < 0.05). EPC injection potently increased angiogenesis in the peri‐infarction area (p < 0.05).

Interpretation

We conclude that systemic delivery of EPCs protects the brain against ischemic injury, promotes neurovascular repair, and improves long‐term neurobehavioral outcomes. Our data suggest that SDF‐1–mediated signaling plays a critical role in EPC‐mediated neuroprotection. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:488–497
Glossar zu Begriffen mit Bezug zu Kinetik, Thermodynamik und Mechanismen von Polymerisationen
Authors: Jonas Ulrich , Theato Patrick
Published: November 2009

Im Folgenden werden empfohlene Definitionen von grundlegenden Begriffen mit Bezug zu Polymerisationsprozessen vorgestellt. Neuere Entwicklungen im Hinblick auf die Kinetik, die Thermodynamik und die Mechanismen von Polymerisationen machen die Einführung neuer Begriffe und einige Revisionen oder Erweiterungen von Begriffen notwendig, die zuvor im “Compendium of Chemical Terminology” oder im “Glossary of Basic Terms in Polymer Science” definiert wurden.
Mutation of bacterium Vibrio gazogenes for selective preparation of colorants
Authors: Alihosseini Farzaneh , Lango Jozsef , Ju Kou‐San , Hammock Bruce D. , Sun Gang
Published: November 2009

A novel marine bacterium strain effectively produced prodiginine type pigments. These colorants could dye wool, silk and synthetic fabrics such as polyester and polyacrylic and also show antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the dyed products. Methyl nitrosoguanidine was used as a mutation agent to increase the genetic diversity and the production yield of the bacteria of the family of Vibrio gazogenes. The analysis of the mutated samples showed that two new main colorants as well as three previously found ones were produced. Liquid chromatography electro spray ionization mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques were used to elucidate the structures of the newly produced colorants. Mass measurements revealed that the colorants C1, C2, C3, C4 have molecular masses of 321, 323, 351, and 295 Da. One unstable colorant C5 with molecular mass of 309 Da was detected as well. The mutated bacteria strains increased the yield of pigment production by about 81% and produced prodigiosin in 97% purity. The antibiotic activities of pure colorants are discussed as well. Based on their bio‐activity and excellent dyeing capabilities, these colorants could be employed in cosmetic and textile industries. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Analysis of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) genetic polymorphisms and activities as risk factors for ischemic stroke in Turkish population
Authors: Demirdöğen Birsen Can , Demirkaya Şeref , Türkanoğlu Aysun , Bek Semai , Arınç Emel , Adalı Orhan
Published: November 2009

Background

Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is protective against the development of atherosclerosis, a risk factor for ischemic stroke. PON1 gene has one promoter region (−107T/C) and two coding region (192Q/R and 55L/M) polymorphisms that affect the levels and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme, respectively. In this study, we aimed to determine the importance of −107T/C, 192Q/R and 55L/M polymorphisms of PON1 gene and three PON1 activities (diazoxonase, paraoxonase, arylesterase) as risk factors for ischemic stroke.

Methods

Study population was comprised of 172 unrelated adult Caucasian patients with acute hemispheric ischemic stroke and 105 symptom‐free controls. Genotypes were attained by PCR followed by restriction enzyme digestion and phenotypes were determined by spectrophotometric assays.

Results

This is the first study analyzing diazoxonase activity as a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, diazoxonase, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were almost the same in stroke patients and controls. The −107TTgenotype was associated with a 1.97 times increased risk for stroke in elderly (age > 59). Individuals with this genotype were found to have the lowest PON1 enzyme activities among the −107T/C genotypes. Triple combined haplotypeQRLMTCwas found to be 6.94‐ and 10.4‐times protective against ischemic stroke in the overall and the elderly population, respectively. 55LLgenotype was associated with a 1.78‐fold increase in the risk of ischemic stroke.

Conclusion

PON1 genotypes, but not activities, are related with the risk of stroke. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mammographic density and the risk of breast cancer recurrence after breast‐conserving surgery
Authors: Cil Tulin , Fishell Eve , Hanna Wedad , Sun Ping , Rawlinson Ellen , Narod Steven A. , McCready David R.
Published: November 2009

BACKGROUND:

Women with invasive breast cancer who are treated with breast‐conserving surgery and radiotherapy face a cumulative risk of local disease recurrence of approximately 10% at 10 years. To the authors' knowledge, the role of mammographic density as a risk factor for the development of local recurrence has not been thoroughly evaluated to date.

METHODS:

Medical records were reviewed for 335 patients who underwent breast‐conserving surgery for invasive breast cancer and for whom a pretreatment mammogram was available. Information was recorded concerning mammographic density as well as tumor features, patient characteristics, and adjuvant treatments received. Patients were categorized for mammographic density based on the Wolfe classification as either low (<25% density), intermediate (25‐50% density), or high (>50% density). A multivariate survival analysis was conducted using the Cox proportional hazards model with local disease recurrence as the primary endpoint.

RESULTS:

Patients in the high mammographic density group experienced a much greater risk of local disease recurrence compared with women with the least dense breasts (10‐year actuarial risks: 21% vs 5%; hazards ratio [HR], 5.7 [95% confidence interval, 1.6‐20; P = .006]). The difference in the rates of disease recurrence at 10 years was pronounced for women who did not receive radiotherapy (40% vs 0% for patients with >50% density and <25% density, respectively; P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Mammographic breast density is an important risk factor for local breast cancer recurrence among women not receiving breast irradiation. Mammographic density should be taken into consideration when stratifying patients for clinical trials of partial breast radiotherapy. If confirmed, mammographic density might be used to help determine which patients might benefit from radiotherapy. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Effect of foreign phases on the growth of NaBi(WO4)2 crystals
Authors: Singh S. G. , Tyagi M. , Singh A. K. , Sangeeta
Published: November 2009

Single crystals of NaBi(WO4)2 (NBW) have been grown by Czochralski technique, employing differently synthesized starting charge and different axial temperature gradients. The causes behind inherent problems related to compositional changes and associated lowering in crystallization temperature have been probed by analyzing XRD and DTA patterns of post growth residual charge. Presence of low melting phases viz. Na2WO4 and hitherto unreported compound Na5Bi(WO4)4 is thought to be responsible for the observed decrease in crystallization temperature. This problem was tackled by segregating pure phase material through re‐crystallization, under high axial temperature gradient. The use of re‐crystallized charge enabled transformation of almost the entire charge into a single crystal of high transparency. The effect of starting charge synthesis and temperature gradient on the optical transmission characteristics of NBW crystal has also been investigated. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical damage resistance of Mg:Ce:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals
Authors: Xu Zhaopeng , Bi Weihong , Jiao Binliang , Ben Yongzhi , Lu Qizhu , Tang Huihui
Published: November 2009

Mg:Ce:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were prepared with fixed concentrations of Fe2O3 and CeO2, and differing concentrations of MgO by the Czochralski technique. Their infrared transmission spectra were measured in order to investigate their defect structures and their optical damage resistance was characterized by the photoinduced birefringence change and transmission facula distortion method. The optical damage resistance of Mg:Ce:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals increases remarkably when the concentration of MgO exceeds a threshold concentration. The dependence of the optical damage resistance on the defect structure of Mg:Ce:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals is discussed in detail. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Intermediates and transport phenomena in two‐temperature synthesis of ZnGeP2
Authors: Wang Meng , Yang Chun‐Hui , Lei Zuo‐Tao , Xia Shi‐Xing , Zhu Chong‐Qiang , Sun Liang , Zhou Yu‐Xiang
Published: November 2009

High quality semiconducting ternary compound ZnGeP2 was synthesized by a modified two‐temperature technique using high purity elemental zinc, germanium and phosphorus as the starting materials. Transport phenomena of zinc and phosphorus vapors and the major reaction intermediates, taking place in ZnGeP2 formation, were studied by interrupting the synthesis process using quenching technique as well as by adjusting the temperatures of cold and hot zones. The powder X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the major reaction intermediates were ZnP2, Zn3P2, and GeP, which proportions were changed at the different temperature stages. ZnP2 was formed in the temperature gradient region and ZnGeP2 was formed in the hot zone when the temperature of the hot zone was higher than 900 °C. The 520‐1040 °C temperature profile was chosen for the ZnGeP2 synthesis and charge amount per run reached 200 g. The powder X‐ray diffraction pattern of the synthesized ZnGeP2 compound was in agreement with the standard pattern of ZnGeP2. These results demonstrated that the synthesized ZnGeP2 compound was a single phase. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Twins in CdMnTe single crystals grown by Bridgman method
Authors: Zhang Jijun , Jie Wanqi , Wang Linjun , Luan Lijun
Published: November 2009

Cd1‐xMnxTe (x =0.2, CdMnTe) crystal was grown by the vertical Bridgman method, which exhibits a pure zincblende structure in the whole ingot. The major defect, twins, which is fatal to CdMnTe crystal, was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray energy disperse spectroscopy (XEDS) and optic microscopy on the chemical etching surface. The twins observed in the as‐grown ingot are mainly lamellar ones, which lie on the {111} faces from the first‐to‐freeze region of the ingot and run parallel to the growth axis of the ingot. Coherent twins with {115}t‐{111}h orientations when indexed with respect to both the twin and host orientations, are often found to be terminated by {110}t‐{114}h lateral twins. Te inclusions with about 20 μm in width are observed to preferentially decorate the lamellar twin boundaries. The origin of the twins, relating to the growth twin and the phase transformation twin, is also discussed in this paper. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Performance modelling and optimization of integrated wireless LANs and multi‐hop mesh networks
Authors: Min Geyong , Wu Yulei , Li Keqiu , Al‐Dubai Ahmed Y.
Published: November 2009

The increasing demand for the coverage of high‐speed wireless local area networks (WLANs) is driving the installation of a very large number of access points (APs). Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a promising technology in the next generation networks to provide economical and scalable broadband access to wireless interconnection of multiple APs that manage individual WLANs in order to extend the coverage of the conventional single WLANs. In this paper, we develop a new analytical model to investigate the quality‐of‐service (QoS) performance metrics in WMNs interconnecting multiple WLANs. The model takes the phenomenon of communication locality into consideration. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted to validate the accuracy of the analytical model. The proposed model is then used to obtain the maximum achievable throughput, which is a key performance metrics in wireless networks. Moreover, we utilize the model to evaluate the impact of communication locality on network performance and investigate its effects on the optimization of integrated WLANs and multi‐hop mesh networks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic bandwidth partition schemes for integrated voice, video, and data traffic in the IEEE 802.11e distributed wireless LANs
Authors: Xiao Yang , Li Frank Haizhon , Li Ming , Zhang Jingyuan , Li Bo
Published: November 2009

In mobile cellular networks, bandwidth is deterministic in terms of the number of channels by frequency division, time division, or code division. On the other hand, bandwidth partition schemes in the contention‐based medium access control (MAC) in distributed wireless LANs are extremely challenging due to the contention‐based nature, packet‐based network, and the most important aspect: only one channel available, competed by an unknown number of stations. In this paper, we study this challenging issue. We propose and study four different bandwidth partition schemes for integrated voice/video/data traffic in the IEEE 802.11e wireless LANs: a Static bandwidth Partition (SP) scheme, a Dynamic budget Partition (DP) scheme, a Dynamic bandwidth Partition with Finer‐Tune (DP‐FT) scheme, and a Dynamic bandwidth Partition with Reserved Region (DP‐RR). The proposed schemes are compared and evaluated via extensive simulations. Results show that the DP‐FT scheme is the best scheme. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.