bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of Facebook research in the social sciences
Authors: Wilson Robert Edmund , Gosling Samuel D.
Published: July 2018

With over 800 million active users, Facebook is changing the way hundreds of millions of people relate to one another and share information. A rapidly growing body of research has accompanied the meteoric rise of Facebook as social scientists assess the impact of Facebook on social life. In addition, researchers have recognized the utility of Facebook as a novel tool to observe behavior in a naturalistic setting, test hypotheses, and recruit participants. However, research on Facebook emanates from a wide variety of disciplines, with results being published in a broad range of journals and conference proceedings, making it difficult to keep track of various findings. And because Facebook is a relatively recent phenomenon, uncertainty still exists about the most effective ways to do Facebook research. To address these issues, the authors conducted a comprehensive literature search, identifying 412 relevant articles, which were sorted into 5 categories: descriptive analysisof users, motivations for using Facebook, identity presentation, the role of Facebook in social interactions, and privacy and information disclosure. The literature review serves as the foundation from which to assess current findings and offer recommendations to the field for future research on Facebook and online social networks more broadly.
Overcoming indecision by changing the decision boundary
Authors: Malhotra Gaurav , Leslie David , Ludwig Casimir Johannes Hendrikus , Bogacz Rafal
Published: July 2018

The dominant theoretical framework for decision-making asserts that people make decisions by integrating noisy evidence to a threshold. It has recently been shown that in many ecologically realistic situations, decreasing the decision boundary maximises the reward available from decisions. However, empirical support for decreasing boundaries in humans is scant. To investigate this problem, we used an ideal observer model to identify the conditions under which participants should change their decision boundaries with time in order to maximize reward rate. We conducted six expanded-judgement experiments that precisely matched the assumptions of this theoretical model. In this paradigm participants could sample noisy, binary evidence presented sequentially. Blocks of trials were fixed in duration and each trial was an independent reward opportunity. Participants therefore had to trade off speed (getting as many rewards as possible) against accuracy (sampling more evidence). Having access to the actual evidence samples experienced by participants enabled us to infer the slope of the decision boundary. We found that participants indeed modulated the slope of the decision boundary in the direction predicted by the ideal observer model, although we also observed systematic deviations from optimality. Participants employing sub-optimal boundaries do so in a robust manner, so that any error in their boundary setting is relatively inexpensive. The use of a normative model provides insight into what variable(s) human decision-makers are trying to optimise. Furthermore, this normative model allowed us to choose diagnostic experiments and in doing so we present clear evidence for time-varying boundaries.
Virtual social environments as a tool for psychological assessment: Dynamics of interaction with a virtual spouse
Authors: Schönbrodt Felix D. , Asendorpf Jens B.
Published: July 2018

Computer games are advocated as a promising tool bridging the gap between the controllability of a lab experiment and the mundane realism of a field experiment. At the same time, many authors stress the importance of observing real behavior instead of asking participants about possible or intended behaviors. In this article we introduce an online virtual social environment, which is inhabited by autonomous agents including the virtual spouse of the participant. Participants can freely explore the virtual world and interact with any other inhabitant, allowing the expression of spontaneous and unprompted behavior. We investigated the usefulness of this game for the assessment of interactions with a virtual spouse and their relations to intimacy and autonomy motivation as well as relationship satisfaction with the real life partner. Both the intimacy motive and the satisfaction with the real world relationship showed significant correlations with aggregated in-game behavior, which shows that some sort of transference between the real world and the virtual world took place. In addition, a process analysis of interaction quality revealed that relationship satisfaction and intimacy motive had different effects on the initial status and the time Course of the interaction quality. Implications for psychological assessment using virtual social environments are discussed.
The Trifurcated Model of Narcissism - Describing where Narcissism Scales Intersect
Authors: Weiss Brandon , Campbell William Keith , Miller Josh
Published: July 2018

The Trifurcated Model of Narcissism encapsulates the structure of Narcissism across three levels of organization. Table 1 delineates how a multitude of contemporary models/measures fit into this integrated model of narcissism based on our interpretation of the empirical literature.
When are sample means meaningful? The role of modern estimation in psychological science
Authors: Davis-Stober Clintin P , Dana Jason , Rouder Jeffrey N.
Published: July 2018

Sample means are considered a foundational statistic for understanding experimental psychological data that seemingly can be used in all contexts. We argue here that contrary to common belief, sample means are not always interpretable, and there are not-so-rare cases where they are useless if not misleading. We define the sample mean as uninterpretable if in a measurement environment it is outperformed by a nonsense estimator that does not use the data to estimate the relations among experimental conditions. We consider two such nonsense estimators: one that randomizes the relations among conditions, and another that states that there are no condition effects no matter the data. We show that there are common cases where these nonsense estimators outperform sample means on average, and these may even occur when effects are detected. We argue that in these cases, sample means are uninterpretable and should be avoided. The concept of interpretability highlights regularization in model estimation, such as that used in lasso, ridge, and hierarchical Bayes techniques. We argue that not only is the interpretation of sample means context dependent, but that modern estimators should replace sample means, even for describing data, because they are interpretable in a wider range of contexts.
Inovasi Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum Berbasis Teknologi Tepat Guna Untuk Pesantren
Authors: Cahyana Gede H
Published: July 2018

As an education institute, pesantren (a classical boarding school) has many of people. One of the primary needs is water for drinking, cooking, washing, and for ritual like jinabat bathing and wudhu. However, in some cases, it is not easy to get some clean water in pesantren and usually the water is bad in its quality. One pesantren perhaps used water ponding with poor quality, not sanitary and so not hygienis. Due to this problem, pesantren should apply an appropriate technology in its water supply system. After observation on water sources, transmission, distribution, pesantren must choose and fix its water treatment train. The option is an inovative of Roughing Filtration and Slow Sand Filter. Both of the filters potentially treat the water and reduct the turbidity of the water sources used to drinking, bathing, wudhu, cooking and so on. To realize the planning, members of pesantren should work together from the start of the project, i.e in initial idea, field survey, technical calculation, construction time, operation and maintenance. The fund or construction cost should be handled together.
MASA KEJAYAAN ISLAM DAN TOKOH-TOKOHNYA
Authors: Rahman Arif
Published: July 2018

Pendidikan merupakan suatu kewajiban yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap manusia, karena pendidikan merupakan kunci dari kemajuan suatu bangsa . pendidikan Islam adalah usaha orang dewasa muslim yang bertaqwa secara sadar mengarahkan dan membimbing pertumbuhan serta perkembangan fitrah (kemampuan dasar) anak didik melalui ajaran Islam kea rah titik maksimal pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Pendidikan Islam pada dasarnya adalah pendidikan yang bertujuan untuk membentuk pribadi Muslim seutuhnya, mengembangkan seluruh potensi manusia baik yang berbentuk jasmani maupun rohani
A Coupled Model for Wave Run-up Simulation
Authors: Iryanto  , Pudjaprasetya Sri Redjeki
Published: July 2018

Simplified models like the shallow water equations (SWE) are commonly adopted for describing a wide range of free surface flow problems, like flows in rivers,lakes, estuaries, or coastal areas. In the literature, numerical methods for the SWE are mostly mesh-based. However, this macroscopic approach is unable to accurately represent the complexity of flows near coastlines, where waves nearly break. This fact prompted the idea of coupling the mesh-based SWE model with a meshless particlemethod for solving the Euler equations. In a previous paper, a method to couple the staggered scheme SWE and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) Euler equations was developed and discussed. In this article, this coupled model is used for simulating solitary wave run-up on a sloping beach. The results show strong agreement with the experimental data of Synolakis. Simulations of wave overtopping over aseawall were also performed.
Peranan Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Pengambilan Keputusan dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Prestasi Kerja di TGA Bookstore Galaxi Mall Surabaya
Authors: Wahyuningsih Riski
Published: July 2018

Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui fungsi dan tujuan pengambilan keputusan dan mengetahui proses dan cara mengevaluasi kinerja karyawan. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dalam penelitian kualitatif, peneliti sekaligus berfungsi sebagai instrument utama yang terjun kelapangan serta berusaha sendiri mengumpulkan data melalui observasi maupun wawancara dan interview. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode induktif untuk menarik suatu kesimpulan terhadap hal-hal atau peristiwa-peristiwa dari data yang telah dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, yang bisa digeneralisasikan (ditarik kearah kesimpulan umum), maka jelas metode induktif ini untuk menilai fakta-fakta empiris yang ditemukan lalu dicocokan dengan teori-teori yang ada. Pengambilan keputusan yang efektif dapat berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kualitas kinerja perusahaan yang dalam implementasinya bisa melalui variabel perantara yaitu meningkatnya kinerja, semangat, kreativitas dari karyawan-karyawan yang dipimpinnya.
PENGARUH ORGANISATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) TERHADAP KINERJA DOSEN UNIVERSITAS SULAWESI BARAT
Authors: Magfirah
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) terhadap kinerja dosen Universitas Sulawesi Barat dengan beberapa indikator yaitu altuisme, conscientiousness, civic virtue, sportsmanship dan courtesies. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Universitas Sulawesi Barat. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh dosen Universitas Sulawesi Barat, baik dosen tetap maupun dosen luar biasa. Sampel dipilih secara total. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tekhnik observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan persentase dan regresi linear. Hasil yang diharapkan bahwa Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) berpengaruh secara signifkan terhadap kinerja dosen Universitas Sulawesi Barat.
Filsafat Crowdsourcing : Instan dan Universal
Authors: Wicaksono Soetam Rizky
Published: July 2018

Perkembangan teknologi di bidang sistem informasi yang semakin pesat membawa sebuah generasi baru yang dinamakan net generation. Generasi baru tersebut yang secara nyata telah terasuki candu web, khususnya yang mengaplikasikan model social networking, pada akhirnya menciptakan sebuah fenomena baru yang menjadikan sebuah filsafat bersifat universal dan instan. Fenomena tersebut bisa disebut sebagai sebuah filsafat model crowdsourcing, yang di dalam makalah ini berusaha dibahas dari sudut pandang kajian pustaka yang menjadi dasar dari eksperimen untuk penerapan pembelajaran dengan basis crowdsourcing.
Influence of Knowledge and Attitude towards Costumer Decision and Using Jewelry Agate
Authors: Daga Rosnaini
Published: July 2018

The Influence of Knowledge and Attitudes towards consumer decisions and using jewelry agate (2015). The purpose of this study is to know and analyze the influence of Knowledge and Attitudes toward consumer decisions in choosing gems jewelry. Analysis method used in this research is the validity test, reliability test, qualitative descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, T test, F test, and coefficient of determination analysis. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis has been done data analysis on the influence of Knowledge and Attitudes toward Consumer decisions in choosing jewelry agate. The results of data analysis indicate a positive influence between the background Knowledge and Attitudes toward Consumer decisions in choosing jewelry agate. While through partial hypothesis testing (t test) shows that Knowledge and Attitudes have a significant effect on consumer decisions in choosing jewelry agate.
Border, Theory, Contract: An Interview With Angela Mitropoulos
Authors: Mitropoulos Angela , O'Brien Sean
Published: July 2018

A wide-ranging interview on theories of the border, migration detention systems. contracts and associated philosophical questions.
Pola Komunikasi Tata Kelola Restrukturisasi (Studi Kasus Reorganisasi Badan Perencanaan Dan Pembangunan Kota Ambon)
Authors: Latuheru Rido Dominggus
Published: July 2018

Pola Komunikasi organisasi dalam hal ini Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Kota Ambon, Seperti yang kita ketahui bersama bahwa Pola komunikasi dalam struktur organisasi merupakan bentuk interaksi pertukaran pesan antar anggota organisasi, baik komunikasi secara verbal maupun non verbal. Untuk itu diperlukan wujud pola komunikasi antara atasan dan bawahan dan bawahan dengan bawahan sehingga proses pekerjaan kantor dan penyelesaian tugas dapat berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien.Rumusan masalah Bagaimana Pola Komunikasi Tata Kelola Restrukturisasi yang terjadi pada Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Kota Ambon?Tujuan penelitian 1) Mengetahui sejauh mana kesesuaian Restrukturisasi organisasi perangkat daerah pada Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Kota Ambon. 2) Untuk mengetahui, dan memahami Pola Komunikasi pada Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Kota Ambon. 3) Pola Komunikasi dan Koordinasi yang ditimbulkan pasca di Restrukturisasi.Metode penelitian menyangkut : 1) Tempat penelitian di laksanakan di Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Kota Ambon. 2) Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. 3) Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik Observasi, Dokumentasi, Deep Interview, Library research.Hasil penelitian dalam bentuk kesimpulan bahwa adanya langkah prefentif dari pimpinan pada Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Kota Ambon dalam merumuskan adanya pola komunikasi selain itu juga proses restrukturisasi organisasi yang ada telah mengedepankan konsep miskin struktur kaya fungsi sehingga dapat menunjang proses kerja pegawai.
Identifying the Uncanny Phenomena in Educational Practice
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Ollivier-Garza Roberto
Published: July 2018

One could argue that Jentsch’s (1906) essay, on “The Psychology of the Uncanny,” was a precursory step toward structuralism. His ideas on alienation, revolution, and repetition inspired and were incorporated into the respective works and disciplines pursued by Freud, Marx, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Wittgenstein, and Derrida. Despite the uncanny’s impact on and applicability to these respective areas, this theory has not yet been evaluated or vetted for its relevance to the modern conditions of globalization that impact student learning, in particular, those students whose immigrant, minority, or socioeconomic status posit them on the periphery of their respective dominant educational systems. Therefore, this paper’s purpose is to identify and examine the history and theory of the uncanny, to define the alienation experience of its patrons, to explore the impact and effect on their cognitive development, and to suggest the need to recognize the uncanny experience as a legitimate threat to multiculturally responsive teaching - an issue that requires addressment as well as educational and praxis reform.
The need for a taphonomic perspective in spatial analysis: Formation processes at the Early Pleistocene site of Pirro Nord (P13), Apricena, Italy
Authors: Giusti Domenico
Published: July 2018

Ever since their percolation from neighbour disciplines, archaeology has employed spatial statistics to unravel, at different scales, past human behaviors from scatters of material culture. However, in the interpretation of the archaeological record, particular attention must be given to disturbance factors that operate in post-depositional processes. In this paper, we answer the need for a specific taphonomic perspective in spatial analysis by applying point pattern analysis of taphonomic alterations on the faunal and lithic assemblages from the Early Pleistocene site of Pirro Nord 13, Italy. The site, biochronologically dated between 1.3 and 1.6 Ma BP, provides evidence for an early hominin presence in Europe. The archaeological and paleontological deposits occur as filling of a karst structure that is currently exposed. We investigated the distribution of the archaeological and paleontological assemblages, as well as the distribution of identified taphonomic features, in order to evaluate the degree and reliability of the spatial association of the lithic artifacts with the faunal remains. Our results contribute to the interpretation of the diagenetic history of Pirro Nord 13 and support the stratigraphic integrity of the site.
(Op-Ed) Understanding and addressing the unaccompanied minor immigration issue
Authors: Amaral Ernesto F. L. , Gerstein Daniel M.
Published: July 2018

After declining sharply in 2015, the number of unaccompanied child immigrants apprehended at the U.S. southwest border appears to be on the rise again, a development that has the potential to reignite debate over what the United States should do about the plight of these young and vulnerable illegal immigrants. To properly consider this complex issue, it is essential to understand the changes that have occurred over time in the immigration landscape. A good place to start is a close examination of data gleaned from interviews with unaccompanied immigrant children conducted by U.S. Customs and Border Protection personnel. Gathering and analyzing other data also could help policymakers develop initiatives to make it easier for young immigrants to integrate into American society.
Computer Generated Works and Copyright: Selfies, Traps, Robots, AI and Machine Learning
Authors: Lambert Paul
Published: July 2018

Many copyright laws were expanded to embrace computer generated works. What was understood by the expansion and what it protected are also referred to. Since the first generation of computer generated works protected by copyright, the types of computer generated works have multiplied further. This article examines some of the scenarios involving new types of computer generated works and recent claims for copyright protection. This includes contextual consideration and comparison of monkey selfies, camera traps, robots, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. While often commercially important, questions arise as to whether these new manifestations of copyright works are actually protected under copyright at all.
Discussion of “Exact Analytical Solutions of the Colebrook-White Equation” by Yozo Mikata and Walter S. Walczak
Authors: Brkić Dejan
Published: July 2018

No abstract available
CARACTERÍSTICAS GEOQUÍMICAS DE LOS SEDIMENTOS SUPERFICIALES DE LA LAGUNA LA RESTINGA, ISLA DE MARGARITA, VENEZUELA.
Authors: Velásquez Juan , Márquez Arístide , Fermín Ivis , López Fabiola , Hernández Deudedit , Senior William James
Published: July 2018

This research aims to evaluate some chemical parameters of surface sediments of La Restinga coastal lagoon, located in Margarita Island, Nueva Esparta State, Venezuela. Using classical methodology for geochemical studies, grain size and texture of sediment percentage of organic carbon and total organic matter, as well as calcium carbonate were analyzed. Additionally, the concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and aliphatic hydrocarbons were determined. The results showed that in La Restinga lagoon sedimentary sandy texture dominate above sandy-loam and sandy-clay. The percentages of total organic carbon, total organic matter and calcium carbonate respectively varied as follows: 1.70-25.53%, 11.10-82.10% and 2.93-44.01%. Concentrations of 282.10-1571.80 mg kg-1 in total nitrogen, 419.50-2033.70 mg kg-1 in total phosphorus and 5.65-63.18 mg kg-1 for aliphatic hydrocarbons were determined. The total organic matter in the lagoon La Restinga is distributed based on the fine particles of sediment and the presence of mangroves, in turn calcium carbonate, was associated mainly to contributions from organisms with calcareous shell. The low values of the ratio NT/PT (under 5) suggest limitation of nitrogen in the ecosystem, and natural or anthropogenic enrichment of phosphorus in the sediment. The levels found of certain aliphatic hydrocarbons, are not considered as contamination levels as established by CARIPOL (1980), except in the eastern end of the main body of the lagoon. According to the points made in this study, we can infer that La Restinga Lagoon showed symptoms of degradation product of human intervention in the ecosystem.
PELATIHAN PERAKITAN KOMPUTER, INSTALL SISTEM OPERASI DAN PEMASANGAN JARINGAN LOKAL DAN INTERNET UNTUK MEMBANGUN JARINGAN WARNET, PERKANTORAN DAN INTERNET DESA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMANDIRIAN SISWA SMK
Authors: Pardede Akim Manaor Hara
Published: July 2018

The development of information and communication technology is increasing in accordance with the changing times and needs of today's society, so that almost any activity or work is already subject and applying information technology and communication. The development of information technology and impact to the world of education, so that the public interest to major in computer informatics include Computer Network, Audio Visual, Graphic Design, Information Technology, etc. continue to increase both the level of high school or college level. Many enthusiasts of computer majors resulted in strong competition for the graduates to get jobs, so it needs no efforts to improve the skills and graduate students majoring in computer that does not merely want to find a job but was able to create job. STMIK Kaputama continue to perform activities of teaching, research and community service, see the strong competition of graduates and the needs of society Binjai and surrounding areas, lecturer STMIK Kaputama feel compelled to carry out community service to improve the skills of students SMKTunasPelita and AbdiNegara in the form of training computer assembly, installation of operating systems and installation of local networks and the internet to build a network of internet cafes, offices and internet village in increasing independence. With their training computer assembly, installation of operating systems and theinstallation of local networks and the Internet, it is expected students SMKTunasPelita and SMKAbdiNegara can further enhance the skills and entrepreneurial spirit so that they are capable of self employed at the same time create jobs specifically to be able to receive computer repair and network cafe, internet network of offices and internet networks into the village. In addition to their entrepreneurial spirit, especially rural society also helped that the acceleration of information and communication can be further increased.
All that glitters is not gold: The shaping of contemporary journal peer review at scientific and medical journals
Authors: Gaudet Joanne
Published: July 2018

The main goal for this paper is to propose an analysis of the shaping of contemporary journal peer review at natural science and medical journals. I investigate journal peer review beyond a pre-constructed process or self-evident object of study based on common experience. To do so, I use the theoretical concept of social form to capture how individuals relate around a particular content. For the social form of ‘boundary judgement’ (i.e., journal peer review), content refers to decisions from the judgement of scientific written texts held to account to an overarching knowledge system. I shun journal peer review as a supposedly purely rational process borne of a need for rationality – instead, I explore the social conditions, dynamics, processes, and contexts that contributed to its contemporary shaping. Analysis highlights how economic dynamics play a critical role in shaping pre-publication journal peer review (traditional peer review) as a paradigmatic form of peer review to the detriment of more open journal peer review forms and of journal business models that stray from the traditional reader-pay model. I conclude that all that glitters is not gold with traditional peer review.
ANALYSIS OF WORKING ENVIRONMENT’S EFFECT ON WORKING MOTIVATION OF EMPLOYEE’S
Authors: Hadiwijaya Hendra
Published: July 2018

The company indifferent toward working environment condition will have impact on working motivation of employee. The research objective was to determine the effect of working environment on working motivation of employee either in partial or simultaneous manner. Respondents in this research were permanent employees of PT. PLN (Persero) covering South Sumatra, Jambi and Bengkulu Regions (WS2JB) branch of Palembang with magnitude of 129 employees. Proportional Random Sampling method was appliedto select respondents by using Slovin formula so that sample numbers was 56 respondents. Data analysiswas conducted by using double regression analysis technique. The results showed that working environment consisting of physical and non-physical working environments had simultaneous significant effect on working motivation of employee with magnitude of 84.216 (sig. 0.000). Non-physical working environment had more dominant effect on working motivation of employee with magnitude of 2.808 (sig. 0.010) than that of physical working environment with magnitude of 1.892 (sig. 0.041). Therefore, working environment had significant effect on working motivation of employee.
makalah kepemimpinan dan pengambilan keputusan
Authors: bafaqih syech
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of factors in decision making. The results of research indicate that the leader is someone who is doing some things right. the manager is someone who has to do something right. One's leadership in an organization is very big in every decision-making role, so making decisions and taking responsibility for the outcome is one of the leaders' duties. So if a leader is incapable of making a decision, he should not be a leader.
Enclothed Knowledge: The Fashion Show as a Method of Dissemination in Arts-Informed Research
Authors: Barry Ben
Published: July 2018

In this article, I investigate the processes, benefits and dilemmas of producing a fashion show as a method of dissemination in arts-informed qualitative research. I examine a project that used a fashion show to analyze and represent interview findings about men's understandings and performances of masculinities. Fashion shows facilitate the dissemination of new qualitative data—what I coin "enclothed knowledge"—which is embodied and inaccessible through static or verbal descriptions. Fashion shows also enable participants to shape knowledge circulation and allow researchers to engage diverse audiences. Despite these benefits, researchers have to be mindful of ethical dilemmas that occur from the absence of anonymity inherent in public performances and therefore I suggest strategies to mitigate these threats to research ethics. Ultimately, I argue that fashion shows advance social justice because the platform can transform narrow, stereotypical understandings of marginalized identities.
Period and cohort changes in mortality risk over the twentieth century in the UK: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Jones Phil Mike , Minton Jonathan , Bell Andrew
Published: July 2018

This paper explores discrete changes in age--specific mortality risk across periods and cohorts, using data from 40 countries during the twentieth century with a particular focus on the UK.Our interest is in the discrete changes in mortality seen as a result of global events, rather than the overall changes in mortality throughout the twentieth century.We use innovative exploratory visual and statistical methods to explore these changes.First, Lexis surface plots are used to visualise period and cohort 'scars' in age--specific period and cohort mortality in the population across the twentieth century.Second, we use a version of the hierarchical age--period--cohort (APC) model to statistically separate discrete period and cohort effects.We avoid the APC identification problem by analysing only discrete deviations net of any linear APC effects.We find period and cohort effects in mortality associated with the First World War of 1914--18, the influenza pandemic of 1918, the Second World War of 1939--45, and, intriguingly, a decline in mortality in many western countries associated with the 1948 birth cohort.We believe a combination of factors influenced this improvement in mortality, including the developments of post--war social welfare, the economic investment in Europe by the United States, the accessibility of antibiotics such as penicillin, and, in the UK, the NHS.Our findings suggest universal or accessible health care make significant and detectable improvements to population mortality for those born under it.These methods could productively be used by epidemiologists and others to explore deviations from APC trends in other longitudinal research contexts.
The Epistemic Importance of Establishing the Absence of an Effect
Authors: Fidler Fiona , Singleton Thorn Felix , Barnett Ashley , Kambouris Steven , Kruger Ariel
Published: July 2018

In psychology as in many other sciences, Popperian rhetoric remains strong, even though Popperian practice has never been. Here, we provide an introduction to the four main approaches to epistemic justification, outlining the importance of null results in each and emphasizing the importance of each approach in developing a cumulative scientific literature. We argue that whether or not we subscribe to the Popperian Hypothetico-Deductive (HD) model of science, there is value in adopting Popper's advice about creating bold conjectures and risky tests for establishing the absence (or presence) of effects. However, the most popular approach to statistical testing, Null Hypothesis Significance Testing practice fails at both, and has arguably supported the censoring of null results from our scientific literature. Allowing null results into the scientific literature is essential for a cumulative science to function. However, we argue that even a repaired Popperian HD process won't offer much advice about what are interesting and important absences (or presences) to pursue. For answers to those fundamental questions, we need to appeal to other forms of epistemic justification such as those presented in this article.
Beberapa Sifat Anatomi, Dimensi Serat dan Microfibril Angle (MFA) Samama (Anthocephalus Macrophyllus)
Authors: Cahyono Tekat Dwi
Published: July 2018

Peningkatan kemanfaatan Samama telah disajikan pada penelitian terdahulu. Penelitian ini menyajikan sifat anatomi Samama dan potensi seratnya sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas. Samama disayat dengan mikrotom pada tiga bidang pengamatan (radial, tangensial dan longitudinal). Teknik maserasi dan metode Iodin digunakan untuk melihat dimensi serat dan sudut mikrofibril (MFA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Samama memiliki pembuluh yang menyebar dengan sebaran semi tata lingkar, tersusun dalam pola diagonal dan soliter secara keseluruhan. Seratnya berdinding tipis dan panjang seratnya termasuk kategori panjang. Kayu Samama direkomendasikan sebagai bahan pulp dan kertas karena kualitas seratnya. Hasil ini semakin meningkatkan potensi kemanfaatan Samama di masa mendatang.
The Chinese Working Women Network
Authors: Chan Jenny
Published: July 2018

Jenny Chan. 2005. “The Chinese Working Women Network.” Pp. 28-33 in Made by Women: Gender, the Global Garment Industry and the Movement for Women Workers’ Rights. International Secretariat, Clean Clothes Campaign.
What does better peer review look like? Definitions, essential areas, and recommendations for better practice
Authors: Allen Heidi , Boxer Emma , Cury Alexandra , Gaston Thomas , Graf Chris , Hogan Ben , Loh Stephanie , Wakley Hannah , Willis Michael
Published: July 2018

Aim: To define a set of standards for better peer review. Method: We set out the expectations of five groups of stakeholders in the peer review process: authors, reviewers, editors, readers, and the general public. We then solicited case studies from people involved in peer review, to capture practical insights into how journal teams address the essential areas of integrity, ethics, fairness, usefulness and timeliness. Results: We received 40 case studies from stakeholders of journals published by Wiley in a range of subject areas from around the globe. The case studies identified areas of existing best practices and highlighted problems that might require better practices. Conclusion: We used this information to define essential areas of practice for peer review and to provide recommendations in each area, synthesizing these into a practical checklist to help journal teams improve their practices.
Repeat: A Framework to Assess Empirical Reproducibility in Biomedical Research
Authors: McIntosh Leslie , Juehne Anthony , Hudson Vitale Cynthia , Liu Xiaoyan , Alcoser Rosalia , Lukas J. Christian , Evanoff Bradley
Published: July 2018

RepeAT includes 103 unique variables grouped into five categories (research design and aim, database and data collection methods, data mining and data cleaning, data analysis, data sharing and documentation). Preliminary results in manually processing 40 scientific manuscripts indicate components of the proposed framework with strong inter-rater reliability, as well as directions for further research and refinement of RepeAT.
Tutorial Grammarly Versi Premium
Authors: Wajdi Muh. Barid Nizarudin , Prasnowo M Adhi , Rahim Robbi
Published: July 2018

Grammarly merupakan tool khusus yang digunakan untuk membantu melakukan pemeriksaan grammatical errors, vocabulary enhancement suggestions, detects plagiarism, and citation suggestions.
The analysis of key results of the State program of the city of Moscow "Development of transport system" for 2012-2016 and on prospect till 2020" during 2013-2015.
Authors: Kudryashov Alexander
Published: July 2018

In this article are covered some theoretical basics of influence of transport infrastructure on region economy. On the basis of official statistical data the analysis of socio-economic indexes of the city of Moscow is carried out. Analyzing key results of the State program of the city of Moscow "Development of transport system" for 2012-2016 and on prospect till 2020", conclusions are drawn about the reached actual indicators during 2013-2015.
Extending Knowledge-Based Profile Matching in the Human Resources Domain
Authors: Paoletti Alejandra Lorena , Martinez-Gil Jorge , Schewe Klaus-Dieter
Published: July 2018

In the Human Resources domain the accurate matching between job positions and job applicants profiles is crucial for job seekers and recruiters. The use of recruitment taxonomies has proven to be of significant advantage in the area by enabling semantic matching and reasoning. Hence, the development of Knowledge Bases (KB) where curricula vitae and job offers can be uploaded and queried in order to obtain the best matches by both, applicants and recruiters is highly important. We introduce an approach to improve matching of profiles, starting by expressing jobs and applicants profiles by filters representing skills and competencies. Filters are used to calculate the similarity between concepts in the subsumption hierarchy of a KB. This is enhanced by adding weights and aggregates on filters. Moreover, we present an approach to evaluate over-qualification and introduce blow-up operators that transform certain role relations such that matching of filters can be applied.
QUALITY STATUS OF WHEAT SEED IN EASTERN INDIA AND THE EARLY VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN RELATION TO SIZE OF SEED
Authors: Kumar Priya Ranjan
Published: July 2018

Wheat crop in the North Eastern Plain Zone (IGP) of India, is the part of one of the largest agricultural production systems viz., rice-wheat rotation, occupying more than 11 million ha. The yield potential of wheat in the North Eastern Plains Zone of India is about 4.5 tons per hectare but generally, farmers realize a yield of only 2.2 tons per hectare. Seed replacement rate of wheat in different eastern states has also been quite low. A study was initiated at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Pusa (Samastipur) in 2014-15 to evaluate germination and seedling growth parameters of wheat grown from seeds of varying size. Experiments were conducted on quality evaluation of different seed grades of bread wheat available to the farmers for sowing to study the status of quality vis-à-vis size grading and what is its effect on germination and early dry matter gain with two objectives of this investigation. First, to assess the physical quality of wheat seed available to farmers in North Eastern Plains Zone (which is also known as lower Gangetic plains) in terms of seed size and seed grading and second, to determine the relationships between seed size on one hand and germination and seedling developmental and biomass traits on the other. This paper presents the results of an enquiry into the status vis-à-vis seed grading, of seed lots of wheat which are available to farmers for sowing with the aim of estimating the extent to which the quality of wheat seed can be improved by merely grading and to establish the relation between seed size and crop establishment. From the results of this study, it can be inferred that 67.97% of area in North eastern plains zone (NEPZ) of India is sown with seed either saved by farmers or obtained locally. Use of sub-standard seed may be counted prime among many factors responsible for low productivity of wheat in lower Gangetic plains. Only seeds from authentic sources were found to be properly graded. It was also observed that wheat seed supplied by registered companies are as good in terms of grading and germination as seeds supplied by government organizations including national and state seed corporations. Graded seeds not only have higher germination ability but also higher seedling vigour in terms of dry matter gain in seedlings during early vegetative growth phase.
Training Scientific Generalists: Response to Comments and Additional Thoughts
Authors: Sarma Gopal P.
Published: July 2018

In several recent articles, I proposed the creation of new graduate programs aimed at training scientific generalists. Here, I collect and respond to a number of comments and criticisms raised in response to these proposals.
Resignificar la psicoterapia en el cáncer. Ser para morir: caos, resiliencia y creatividad
Authors: Garcia Mikel Garcia
Published: July 2018

El concepto resignificar está utilizado en dos acepciones: 1. Modificación psicológica del pasado del paciente origen de su síntoma. 2. Encontrar un nuevo sentido a la psicoterapia en pacientes con cáncer. El objetivo del artículo es presentar sucintamente un proceso de psicoterapia articulado con herramientas psicoanalíticas clásicas, reichianas y junguianas. Al tratarse de un modo de trabajo poco habitual se presenta un marco conceptual inicial explicativo. La presencia fáctica de la muerte moviliza fuerzas regresivas y progresivas de un modo intenso. El objetivo del tratamiento no es curar el cáncer sino aceptar la muerte como compañera. Se explica el proceso de psicoterapia abundando en referencias que permiten comprender el sentido de lo que se hace y sucede. En las conclusiones se reflexiona más allá del caso: cómo la psicoterapia cambia al paciente y al terapeuta. Se propone elaborar conjuntamente el duelo de la terminación del proceso y elaborar la dimensión ética para el renacer social del paciente.
Computational Think / Pensamiento Computacional
Authors: Zapata-Ros Miguel
Published: July 2018

Plantea una visión y una conceptualización del pensamiento computacional como las competencias que se muestran más eficaces en la codificación, y que son la parte más visible de una forma de pensar que es útil no sólo en ese ámbito de actividades cognitivas, las que se utilizan en el desarrollo y en la creación de programas y de sistemas informáticos. En definitiva sostienen que hay una forma específica de pensar, de organizar ideas y representaciones, que es propicia y que favorece las competencias computacionales. Se trata de una forma de pensar que propicia el análisis y la relación de ideas para la organización y la representación lógica de procedimientos. Esas habilidades se ven favorecidas con ciertas actividades y con ciertos entornos de aprendizaje desde las primeras etapas. Se trata del desarrollo de un pensamiento específico, de un pensamiento computacional.
The Status of English in Language Policy Models Proposed for the Moroccan Multilingual Context
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Shahu Khalid
Published: July 2018

This paper suggests a language policy model for Modern Morocco, which can respond to both, the national needs of identity and the demands of Globalization, These two needs are the two major forces that shape the status of the various languages involved in the Moroccan sociolinguistic context, including English. The paper concisely describes how different sociolinguistic phenomenon produced by the ex-colonial powers shape the status of the different languages involved in the Moroccan multilingual context (i.e. language conflict, language competition, language selection and linguistic militantism). It also gives a detailed account of the different approaches and language policy models proposed by various Moroccan intellectuals and linguists in order to face such a de facto multilingualism. Finally, it proposes a multidimensional model that may contribute to reducing tensional relations between the different linguistic varieties cohabiting in Morocco, meeting the requirements of the Moroccan identity, and responding to the needs of modernity, prosperity, science and technology imposed by globalization.
Do infants have a sense of numerosity? A p-curve analysis of infant numerosity discrimination studies
Authors: Smyth Rachael , Ansari Daniel
Published: July 2018

Research demonstrating that infants discriminate between small and large numerosities is central to theories concerning the origins of human numerical abilities. To date, there has been no quantitative meta-analysis of the infant numerical competency data. Here, we quantitatively synthesize the evidential value of the available literature on infant numerosity discrimination using a meta-analytic tool called p-curve, in which the distribution of available p-values is analyzed to determine whether the published literature examining particular hypotheses contains evidential value. P-curves demonstrated evidential value for the hypotheses that infants can discriminate between both small and large numerosities. However, the analyses also revealed that the data on infants’ ability to discriminate between large numerosities is less robust and statistically powered than the data on their ability to discriminate small numerosities. We argue there is a need for adequately powered replication studies to enable stronger inferences when grounding theories concerning the ontogenesis of numerical cognition.
INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN PAI BERBASIS MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Authors: Hasanah Reni Uswatun
Published: July 2018

Multiple Intelligences (MI) emerged as a critical response to Intelligence Quotients (IQ) which limits the definition of intelligence in logical-mathematical and linguistic areas. The MI theory defines nine intelligence of human being such as (1) the linguistic, (2) the logical-mathematical, (3) the visual-spatial, (4) the kinesthetic, (5) the musical, (6) the interpersonal, (7) the intra-personal, (8) the natural, and (9) the existential. This theory recognizes the fact that every child has his/her own uniqueness and deserves appreciation in his/her education. This is important for the reason that education is a mode of developing students’ potentials in purpose of implementing their caliphate roles and bringing God’s mercy in the world. MI-based learning is an alternative in teaching Islamic education as a school subject in Indonesia. Implementing MI-based learning means implementing interdisciplinary approach in developing learning materials, making use multi-model of learning activities, and authentically assessed the learning itself. This purposes to accommodate the diversity of students’ intelligences.
Progress toward openness, transparency, and reproducibility in cognitive neuroscience
Authors: Gilmore Rick Owen , Diaz Michele , Wyble Brad , Yarkoni Tal
Published: July 2018

Accumulating evidence suggests that many findings in psychological science and cognitive neuroscience may prove difficult to reproduce; statistical power in brain imaging studies is low, and has not improved recently; software errors in common analysis tools are common, and can go undetected for many years; and, a few large scale studies notwithstanding, open sharing of data, code, and materials remains the rare exception. At the same time, there is a renewed focus on reproducibility, transparency, and openness as essential core values in cognitive neuroscience. The emergence and rapid growth of data archives, meta-analytic tools, software pipelines, and research groups devoted to improved methodology reflects this new sensibility. We review evidence that the field has begun to embrace new open research practices, and illustrate how these can begin to address problems of reproducibility, statistical power, and transparency in ways that will ultimately accelerate discovery.tr
Disrupted socio-emotional neural circuitry in adolescents with borderline personality traits
Authors: Safar Kristina , Sato Julie , Ruocco Anthony C. , Korenblum Marshall S. , O'Halpin Helen , Dunkley Benjamin
Published: July 2018

Background: Disruptions in fronto-limbic functional connectivity have been reported in adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD), although it is not yet known whether functional circuitry is similarly altered in adolescents with high levels of BPD traits. Methods: Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), the current study investigated task-dependent functional connectivity of eight a priori regions of interest implicated in emotional and social processing during the implicit perception of emotional faces (angry and happy), in 8 female adolescents with BPD traits and 8 age-matched female controls. Results: A network comprising reduced alpha-band phase synchrony during implicit angry face perception was observed in adolescents with BPD traits compared to controls. The network involved brain regions within a fronto-limbic circuit, including connections among bilateral amygdalae and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and additional regions implicated in emotion processing. Conclusions: Results suggest that disrupted interregional oscillatory communication during the perception of threatening emotional expressions might contribute to the socio-emotional dysregulation and maladaptive behavioral responses commonly found in adolescents high in BPD traits. Furthermore, we speculate that this aberrant neural connectivity subserves the emergence of the disorder in adults.