bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Analysis of Climatic Factors Influencing the Distribution and Mortality of COVID-19 in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Alymkulov A. , Pasanova A.
Published: February 2024

Sars-CoV-2 belongs to the human coronaviruses (HCoV). To date, three cases of crossing the species barrier by coronaviruses have been reported, which leads to the idea of further evolution of other coronavirus species. In light of this, the relevance of epidemiological characteristics in local areas remains significant. Retrospective assessment of the impact of the climatic region on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. Analysis of official data on infection and mortality from COVID-19 in the Kyrgyz Republic for the entire period of the pandemic. It was found that mortality is indeed higher in mountainous areas compared to lowlands, while the incidence has an inverse correlation with the altitude of the locality above sea level. The high-altitude factor has a negative impact on mortality and a positive impact on the spread of Sars-CoV-2 among the population of the region.
ANCA-associated Vasculitis: The Focus is on Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Eosinophilic Vasculitis of Charge-Strauss)
Authors: Murkamilov I. , Aitbaev K. , Raimzhanov Z. , Ymankulov D. , Yusupova T. , Yusupov F.
Published: February 2024

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Charge-Strauss syndrome) is an eosinophilic granulomatous disease characterized by small caliber vascular lesions and is autoimmune in nature. Patients with this syndrome experience weight loss, fever, arthralgias, and myalgias. The disease most often begins with respiratory tract involvement, including infectious allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, symmetric eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrates, and eosinophilic pneumonia. In older individuals, the syndrome manifests with multiple mononeuritis, asymmetric polyneuropathy, anemia, and muscle weakness. This scientific review presents the main aspects of the prevalence, mechanisms of development, spectrum of clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
Regenerative Activity of the Skin and Burn Wound Healing in Adults and Children With Second Degree Burns
Authors: Abdullaeva Zh. , Abdullaev D. , Kalmatov R.
Published: February 2024

Improving the regenerative activity of the skin is necessary for the timely healing of burn wounds. The regenerative activity of the skin epithelium varies in patients of different ages. To investigate age-related features of the regenerative activity of the skin epithelium and healing of burn wounds in adults and children with second-degree burns and to determine the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles in the healing and treatment of burn wounds. Patients of the Osh Interregional United Clinical Hospital with second-degree burn disease were studied. A literary review of the results of modern scientific, domestic and foreign literature and clinical recommendations for burn wound regeneration was carried out. Results showed that burn wound healing occurs faster in younger patients due to the sufficient content of immune cells fibroblasts, mast cells, macrophages and antigen presenting cells that influence wound healing. Conclusions: Improvement of the treatment results of patients with local burns can be achieved through the development and implementation of new methods of wound healing local therapy using silver nanoparticles. To develop a new method of local treatment of patients with superficial I-II degree burns and evaluate its therapeutic effectiveness.
Contemporary Presentations on Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Immunopathology, and Supporting Factors for the Development of COVID-19, Its Diagnosis, and Treatment in High Mountain Region Conditions (Literature Review)
Authors: Alymkulov A. , Uzakov O. , Atykanov A.
Published: February 2024

An analysis of data on a pressing issue — the COVID-19 pandemic was carried out. The intensity of infection in the population reached 285.5 cases per 10,000 population in the Kyrgyz Republic. The mortality rate for the entire pandemic period in the Kyrgyz Republic was 0.42 per 1,000 population. Therefore, the aspect of the region's climatic influence on the studied indicators is relevant given the high probability of the emergence of new types of human coronaviruses.
The Quality of Electricity and the Effect of Electricity on the Operation of Electric Receivers
Authors: Turduev I.
Published: February 2024

This article examines how non-sinusoidality, asymmetry, voltage fluctuations and deviations are caused in one form or another of an electric receiver. And also, how the electric receiver meets the requirements of the defined technological process in industry.
Using Graphs for Network Analysis in ArcMap Environment
Authors: Kadyrkulova N. , Mamat-uulu T.
Published: February 2024

The emergence of powerful and fast computer technologies has led to the massive adoption of GIS in various fields. Modern GIS make it possible to quickly solve such problems in the mathematical analysis of network data. This work aims to limit the use of GIS modules in this area. The relevance of the article is the use of graphs to develop network analysis in the ArcMap environment.
Basic Security Mechanisms in Linux
Authors: Limanova N. , Anashkin A.
Published: February 2024

The article provides an overview of the key security aspects of the Linux operating system. The relevance of this work lies in the fact that in light of the rapid development of technology and increased threats in the field of information security, special attention is paid to mechanisms that ensure stable protection of data and system resources. The article begins by reviewing basic security principles such as the principle of least privilege and need-based access. Next, we look at modern authentication and authorization mechanisms, including the role of Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) and Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) multi-user rules. Particular attention is paid to access control systems, including mechanisms for managing access rights to files through the Discretionary Access Control (DAC) and Mandatory Access Control (MAC). The iptables and firewalld firewalls are analyzed as key tools for ensuring the security of network interactions. The article also covers current Linux security trends and challenges, as well as an overview of the latest kernel and software updates. Ultimately, the reader will gain a comprehensive understanding of Linux security mechanisms, allowing him to make informed decisions to effectively protect his systems and data.
Banking Products and Their Development in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Satybaev A. , Mendieva N.
Published: February 2024

The banking system is an integral part of the economic system of any country that occupies a strategic position in the economy, determined by its goals, objectives, functions, as well as its influence on other systems. Any failure in the banking system affects the interests of all economic entities. A banking product is a broader concept and is a complex of interrelated services and operations of a bank.
Some Issues of Ensuring Rights and Legitimate Interests Children in Conflict With the Criminal Law
Authors: Smanaliev K. , Otonbaeva R.
Published: February 2024

This article is devoted to the issues of ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of children in conflict with the criminal law in criminal proceedings of the Kyrgyz Republic; the concept of the institution of legal capacity in criminal procedural law, the role of legal representatives of children in conflict with the criminal law are revealed; The author's vision of the definition of “criminal procedural capacity” is given. The object of the study is processes aimed at improving the institution of peculiarities of criminal proceedings in cases of crimes committed by children who are in conflict with the criminal law. When studying the problem, general and specific scientific methods of cognition were used: analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, and comparative law. The authors made conclusions and made proposals on the need to further improve the institution of the peculiarities of criminal proceedings regarding crimes committed by children.
The Examining Judge in the Kyrgyz Republic as a Geopolitical Project to Preserve Institutional Legal Control Over Post-Soviet Countries, Replacing Prosecutorial Supervision of the Investigation, Contradicting the Constitutional Foundations of the Construction of the Criminal Process in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Imankulov T.
Published: February 2024

Based on information from the Ministry of Justice of the Kyrgyz Republic, as well as data from scientists in a number of countries, the author concludes that it is unconstitutional and unreasonable to introduce into the criminal process of the Kyrgyz Republic such a subject as an investigating judge, who competes in his powers with the head of the investigative unit and the supervising prosecutor at the investigation stage , which creates a split in the criminal prosecution system, slows down its work, interferes with it, destabilizes it, has actually become a criminal prosecution body according to the plan of Western “experts”, whose task is to destroy the more or less efficient system of criminal prosecution and fight against crime in the Kyrgyz Republic.
Factors Influencing the Positive Thinking of the Future Teacher
Authors: Zholdoshbaev D. , Attokurova A.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific literature on the problem under study, positive psychology and socio-psychological problems of the formation of a positive mood in professional activity. Research objectives: to determine factors influencing positive thinking among future teachers and to analyze psychological problems. Research materials and methods: analysis of statements by scientist psychologists about positive thinking and psychological problems such as tension, hopelessness, lack of self-esteem, conflict at work, self-flagellation, painful emotions, poor health, dissatisfaction with oneself as a subject of education, the presence of constant negative thoughts, lack of optimism. Research results: the basis for positive thinking of a future teacher is the ability to evaluate negativity through the prism of optimism and constructiveness. Conclusions: the development of positive thinking of a future teacher during the period of study at a higher educational institution depends on the dynamics of certain characteristics.
Assessment of Student Satisfaction With the Quality of Education Using the Example of One of the Departments of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University
Authors: Kondratyeva E. , Sologubova T. , Karaeva R.
Published: February 2024

To improve the quality of education at a university, analysis of the educational process and organization of effective interaction between teachers and students are crucial. The professional activity of a university teacher is multifaceted and covers many types of work, which are assessed during periodic certification. However, evaluation of a teacher’s performance is incomplete without taking into account the opinions of students, which can be identified using a survey. Therefore, the teacher should be an interesting person; hence, his subject will become an interesting science area. This article presents a comparative analysis of the students’ satisfaction at the Faculty of Medicine with the quality of taught disciplines, such as biology, physics, medical informatics and evidence-based medicine. These subjects are given in junior and senior courses at the Department of Physics, Medical Informatics and Biology at the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University. This analysis was carried out for the first time at the department in 2020 (297 students), again in 2023 (504 students), and showed that in general the average score of the department increased slightly, as well as the pedagogical qualities of the teacher in the rating of lecture courses. Nevertheless, the ratings for practical classes remained unchanged. An analysis of students’ feedback expressed in free form to the teacher showed the majority of students are grateful for the teachers’ work.
On Approaches to the Formation of Reading Literacy Primary School Students
Authors: Niyazova A.
Published: February 2024

This article is devoted to the problem of developing reading literacy of primary school students. The author reviewed the research of scientists and teachers in the field of reading literacy and reading personality development. The idea of two interconnected lines in the process of child development has been studied: biological evolution and sociocultural formation in adolescence, namely in primary school with the creation of a favorable environment for the formation of interests and development of the child. Based on practical examples, the possibilities for effective development of reading literacy are shown.
Standard isometric contraction has higher reliability than maximum voluntary isometric contraction for normalizing electromyography during level walking among older adults with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxue , Pang Yaya , Li Li , Sun Wei , Ding Lijie , Song Qipeng , Shen Peixin
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Electromyography (EMG) normalization often relies on maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), which may not be suitable for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients due to difficulties in generating maximum joint torques caused by pain. This study aims to assess the reliability of standard isometric contraction (SIC) for EMG normalization in older adults with KOA, comparing it with MVIC.

Methods: We recruited thirty-five older adults with KOA and collected root mean square EMG amplitudes from seven muscles in the affected limb during level walking, SIC, and MVIC tests. EMG data during level walking were normalized using both SIC and MVIC methods. This process was repeated after at least 1 week. We calculated intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals to evaluate between- and within-day reliabilities.

Results: SIC tests showed higher between- (ICC: 0.75–0.86) and within-day (ICC: 0.84–0.95) ICCs across all seven muscles compared to MVIC tests. When normalized with SIC, all seven muscles exhibited higher between- (ICC: 0.67–0.85) and within-day (ICC: 0.88–0.99) ICCs compared to MVIC normalization.

Conclusion: This study suggests that SIC may offer superior movement consistency and reliability compared to MVIC for EMG normalization during level walking in older adults with KOA.
TOD typologies for metro stations based on the butterfly model
Authors: Wu Tao , Yuan Zhen , Gao Linna , Zhang Mengying , Li Mingjing
Published: February 2024

As a promising planning strategy for urban sustainability, transit-oriented development (TOD) has been widely encouraged and adopted to integrate land use and transport systems. Because of the different applications in form, function and impact, it is necessary to explore context-based TOD typologies to better map the TOD specificities and focus on strategic planning. As the best-known method, the node-place model provides a useful analytical framework to evaluate TOD typologies. However, by using two indexes to aggregate the node and place value, details of some important TOD characteristics are disregarded in this model. Proposing a multi-axial indexes system, the butterfly model can perform a more detailed evaluation of node and place. In this research, we have revised and optimized the butterfly model and taken Tianjin Metro Line 1 as a case study. We find that all stations can be divided into five TOD types with significant spatial variations. TOD principles have already been implemented in Tianjin with good integration between metro system and land use. The method demonstrated in this paper equips urban planners with a useful tool for evaluating TOD performance and adopting more targeted strategies.
Sustainable development in the context of pandemic: the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on green investment
Authors: He Yu , Fu Lin , Li Tao , Wei Ran
Published: February 2024

Promoting green investment is the inevitable choice for sustainable economics against climate change. We examine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected corporate green investment. Using a sample of publicly listed firms in China, we document the negative and significant effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on corporate green investment. Further analyses suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic impeded corporate green investment by exacerbating firms’ financial constraints. We also find that the COVID-19 pandemic had no significant effect on total investment, suggesting that the pandemic shock only changed investment structure. In summary, our findings reveal the real effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on green development at the firm level.
Investigation of the causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Tang Ling-tong , Feng Lei , Cao Hui-ying , Shi Rui , Luo Bei-bei , Zhang Yan-bi , Liu Yan-mei , Zhang Jian , Li Shuang-yue
Published: February 2024

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been associated, according to various epidemiological research. This study uses Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal link between T2DM and IBD.

Methods: To investigate the causal relationship between IBD and T2DM risk using European population data from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets, we constructed a two-sample MR study to evaluate the genetically predicted impacts of liability towards IBD outcomes on T2DM risk. As instrumental variables (IVs), we chose 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with IBD exposure data. The European T2DM GWAS data was obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS Project database, which contains 298,957 cases as the outcome data. The causal relationship between T2DM and IBD using a reverse MR analysis was also performed.

Results: The two-sample MR analysis, with the Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing, revealed that T2DM risk in Europeans is unaffected by their IBD liability (odds ratio (OR): 0.950–1.066, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.885–1.019, p = 0.152–0.926). The effects of liability to T2DM on IBD were not supported by the reverse MR analysis either (OR: 0.739–1.131, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.651–1.100, p = 0.058–0.832). MR analysis of IBS on T2DM also have no significant causal relationship (OR: 0.003–1.007, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.013–5.791, p = 0.069–0.790). FUMA precisely mapped 22 protein-coding genes utilizing significant SNPs of T2DM acquired from GWAS.

Conclusion: The MR study showed that the existing evidence did not support the significant causal effect of IBD on T2DM, nor did it support the causal impact of T2DM on IBD.
Factors associated with foreign body infection in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
Authors: Bouiller Kevin , Jacko Natasia F. , Shumaker Margot J. , Talbot Brooke M. , Read Timothy D. , David Michael Z.
Published: February 2024

Background

We aimed to compare patient characteristics, MRSA sequence types, and biofilm production of MRSA strains that did and did not cause a foreign body infection in patients with MRSA bloodstream infections (BSI)

Methods

All adult patients with MRSA BSI hospitalized in two hospitals were identified by clinical microbiology laboratory surveillance. Only patients who had at least one implanted foreign body during the episode of BSI were included.

Results

In July 2018 - March 2022, of 423 patients identified with MRSA BSI, 118 (28%) had ≥1 foreign body. Among them, 51 (43%) had one or more foreign body infections. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with foreign body infection were history of MRSA infection in the last year (OR=4.7 [1.4-15.5], p=0.012) community-associated BSI (OR=68.1 [4.2-1114.3], p=0.003); surgical site infection as source of infection (OR=11.8 [2-70.4], p=0.007); presence of more than one foreign body (OR=3.4 [1.1-10.7], p=0.033); interval between foreign body implantation and infection <18 months (OR=3.3 [1.1-10], p=0.031); and positive blood culture ≥48h (OR=16.7 [4.3-65.7], p<0.001). The most prevalent sequence type was ST8 (39%), followed by ST5 (29%), and ST105 (20%) with no significant difference between patients with or without foreign body infection. Only 39% of MRSA isolates formed a moderate/strong biofilm. No significant difference was observed between patients with foreign body infection and those without foreign body infection. In multivariable analysis, subjects infected with a MRSA isolate producing moderate/strong in vitro biofilm were more likely to have a history of MRSA infection in the last year (OR=3.41 [1.23-9.43]), interval between foreign body implantation and MRSA BSI <18 months (OR=3.1 [1.05-9.2]) and ST8 (OR=10.64 [2-57.3]).

Conclusion

Most factors associated with foreign body infection in MRSA BSI were also characteristic of persistent infections. Biofilm-forming isolates were not associated with a higher risk of foreign-body infection but appeared to be associated with MRSA genetic lineage, especially ST8.
Data from the Indian drug regulator and from Clinical Trials Registry-India does not always match
Authors: Bhalla Iqbal S. , Ravindranath Adithi Gopadi , Vaswani Ravi , Saberwal Gayatri
Published: February 2024

Introduction

In India, regulatory trials, which require the drug regulator’s permission, must be registered with the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI) as of 19 March 2019. In this study, for about 300 trials, we aimed to identify the CTRI record that matched the trial for which the regulator had given permission. After identifying ‘true pairs’, our goal was to determine whether the sites and Principal Investigators mentioned in the permission letter were the same as those mentioned in the CTRI record.

Methods

We developed a methodology to compare the regulator’s permission letters with CTRI records. We manually validated 151 true pairs by comparing the titles, the drug interventions, and the indications. We then examined discrepancies in their trial sites and Principal Investigators.

Results

Our findings revealed substantial variations in the number and identity of sites and Principal Investigators between the permission letters and the CTRI records.

Discussion

These discrepancies raise concerns about the accuracy and transparency of regulatory trials in India. We recommend easier data extraction from regulatory documents, cross-referencing regulatory documents and CTRI records, making public the changes to approval letters, and enforcing oversight by Institutional Ethics Committees for site additions or deletions. These steps will increase transparency around regulatory trials running in India.
Xenomyrothecium tongaense PTS8: a rare endophyte of Polianthes tuberosa with salient antagonism against multidrug-resistant pathogens
Authors: Sundar Ranjitha Dhevi V. , Arunachalam Sathiavelu
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Endophytes refer to microorganisms residing within the endosphere of plants, particularly perennials, without inflicting noticeable injury or inducing obvious morphological variations to their host plant or host organism. Endophytic fungi, although often overlooked microorganisms, have garnered interest due to their significant biological diversity and ability to produce novel pharmacological substances.

Methods

In this study, fourteen endophytic fungi retrieved were from the stem of the perennial plant Polianthes tuberosa of the Asparagaceae family. These fungal crude metabolites were tested for antagonistic susceptibility to Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) pathogens using agar well diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays. The chequerboard test was used to assess the synergistic impact of active extract.

Results and discussion

In early antibacterial screening using the Agar plug diffusion test, three of fourteen endophytes demonstrated antagonism against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Three isolates were grown in liquid medium and their secondary metabolites were recovered using various organic solvents. Eight extracts from three endophytic fungi displayed antagonism against one or more human pathogens with diameters ranging from 11 to 24 mm. The highest antagonistic effect was obtained in ethyl acetate extract for PTS8 isolate against two MRSA (ATCC 43300, 700699) with 20 ± 0.27 and 22 ± 0.47 mm zones of inhibition, respectively, among different solvent extracts. The extract had MICs of 3.12 ± 0.05 and 1.56 ± 0.05 μg/mL, and MBCs of 50 ± 0.01 and 12.5 ± 0.04 μg/mL, respectively. Antagonism against VRE was 18 ± 0.23 mm Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) with MIC and MBC of 6.25 ± 0.25 and 25 ± 0.01 μg/mL. When ethyl acetate extract was coupled with antibiotics, the chequerboard assay demonstrated a synergistic impact against MDR bacteria. In an antioxidant test, it had an inhibitory impact of 87 ± 0.5% and 88.5 ± 0.5% in 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assay, respectively, at 150 μg/mL concentration. PTS8 was identified as a Xenomyrothecium tongaense strain by 18S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. To our insight, it is the foremost study to demonstrate the presence of an X. tongaense endophyte in the stem of P. tuberosa and the first report to study the antibacterial efficacy of X. tongaense which might serve as a powerful antibacterial source against antibiotic-resistant human infections.
A flow cytometric assay to detect viability and persistence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes in nuclease-free water at 4 and 25°C
Authors: Williams Anna , Gaoh Soumana Daddy , Savenka Alena , Paredes Angel , Alusta Pierre , Ahn Youngbeom , Buzatu Dan A.
Published: February 2024

Salmonella spp. is one of the most isolated microorganisms reported to be responsible for human foodborne diseases and death. Water constitutes a major reservoir where the Salmonella spp. can persist and go undetected when present in low numbers. In this study, we assessed the viability of 12 serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica for 160 days in nuclease-free water at 4 and 25°C using flow cytometry and Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) plate counts. The results show that all 12 serotypes remain viable after 160 days in distilled water using flow cytometry, whereas traditional plate counts failed to detect ten serotypes incubated at 25°C. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that 4°C constitutes a more favorable environment where Salmonella can remain viable for prolonged periods without nutrients. Under such conditions, however, Salmonella exhibits a higher susceptibility to all tested antibiotics and benzalkonium chloride (BZK). The pre-enrichment with Universal Pre-enrichment Broth (UP) and 1/10 × Tryptic Soy broth (1/10 × TSB) resuscitated all tested serotypes on TSA plates, nevertheless cell size decreased after 160 days. Furthermore, phenotype microarray (PM) analysis of S. Inverness and S. Enteritidis combined with principal component analysis (PCA) revealed an inter-individual variability in serotypes with their phenotype characteristics, and the impact of long-term storage at 4 and 25°C for 160 days in nuclease-free water. This study provides an insight to Salmonella spp. long-term survivability at different temperatures and highlights the need for powerful tools to detect this microorganism to reduce the risk of disease transmission of foodborne pathogens via nuclease-free water.
Critical factors driving spatiotemporal variability in the phytoplankton community structure of the coral habitat in Dongshan Bay, China
Authors: Zhou Qianqian , Dong Xu , Wang Jianjia , Ye Youyin , Yang Yanyan , Xiang Peng , Chen Yanghang , Zheng Xinqing
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of the phytoplankton in the coral habitat of Dongshan Bay (China), along with critical factors affecting the distribution, during June, August, and December 2022. Phytoplankton abundance in Dongshan Bay exhibited considerably temporal variation, peaking in June 2022, gradually decreasing thereafter, and reaching its lowest point in December 2022. The abundance of bottom-layer phytoplankton consistently exceeded that of the surface layer throughout all seasons. The average phytoplankton abundance in the coral habitat of Dongshan Bay was lower than that in non-coral habitat areas. Fluctuations in the Zhangjiang River and coastal upwelling influenced the diversity and community structure of the phytoplankton. Critical factors causing spatiotemporal variability in phytoplankton community structure included nutrient concentrations and seawater temperature. Nutrients played key roles in influencing various phytoplankton groups. Dominant diatom species, such as Thalassionema nitzschioides and Thalassiosira diporocyclus, were positively correlated with ammonia nitrogen, seawater salinity, coral cover, and the number of coral species present. In winter, Calanus sinicus exhibited a negative correlation with harmful algal bloom species. Additionally, it was found that both in the coral habitat and surrounding open sea, currents, nutrients, and zooplankton may play crucial roles in determining the spatiotemporal variability in the phytoplankton community structure.
Artificial intelligence approaches for early detection of neurocognitive disorders among older adults
Authors: AlHarkan Khalid , Sultana Nahid , Al Mulhim Noura , AlAbdulKader Assim M. , Alsafwani Noor , Barnawi Marwah , Alasqah Khulud , Bazuhair Anhar , Alhalwah Zainab , Bokhamseen Dina , Aljameel Sumayh S. , Alamri Sultan , Alqurashi Yousef , Ghamdi Kholoud Al
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Dementia is one of the major global health issues among the aging population, characterized clinically by a progressive decline in higher cognitive functions. This paper aims to apply various artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to detect patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia accurately.

Methods

Quantitative research was conducted to address the objective of this study using randomly selected 343 Saudi patients. The Chi-square test was conducted to determine the association of the patient’s cognitive function with various features, including demographical and medical history. Two widely used AI algorithms, logistic regression and support vector machine (SVM), were used for detecting cognitive decline. This study also assessed patients’ cognitive function based on gender and developed the predicting models for males and females separately.

Results

Fifty four percent of patients have normal cognitive function, 34% have MCI, and 12% have dementia. The prediction accuracies for all the developed models are greater than 71%, indicating good prediction capability. However, the developed SVM models performed the best, with an accuracy of 93.3% for all patients, 94.4% for males only, and 95.5% for females only. The top 10 significant predictors based on the developed SVM model are education, bedtime, taking pills for chronic pain, diabetes, stroke, gender, chronic pains, coronary artery diseases, and wake-up time.

Conclusion

The results of this study emphasize the higher accuracy and reliability of the proposed methods in cognitive decline prediction that health practitioners can use for the early detection of dementia. This research can also stipulate substantial direction and supportive intuitions for scholars to enhance their understanding of crucial research, emerging trends, and new developments in future cognitive decline studies.
Unleashing the potential of fNIRS with machine learning: classification of fine anatomical movements to empower future brain-computer interface
Authors: Khan Haroon , Khadka Rabindra , Sultan Malik Shahid , Yazidi Anis , Ombao Hernando , Mirtaheri Peyman
Published: February 2024

In this study, we explore the potential of using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals in conjunction with modern machine-learning techniques to classify specific anatomical movements to increase the number of control commands for a possible fNIRS-based brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. The study focuses on novel individual finger-tapping, a well-known task in fNIRS and fMRI studies, but limited to left/right or few fingers. Twenty-four right-handed participants performed the individual finger-tapping task. Data were recorded by using sixteen sources and detectors placed over the motor cortex according to the 10-10 international system. The event's average oxygenated Δ HbO and deoxygenated Δ HbR hemoglobin data were utilized as features to assess the performance of diverse machine learning (ML) models in a challenging multi-class classification setting. These methods include LDA, QDA, MNLR, XGBoost, and RF. A new DL-based model named “Hemo-Net” has been proposed which consists of multiple parallel convolution layers with different filters to extract the features. This paper aims to explore the efficacy of using fNRIS along with ML/DL methods in a multi-class classification task. Complex models like RF, XGBoost, and Hemo-Net produce relatively higher test set accuracy when compared to LDA, MNLR, and QDA. Hemo-Net has depicted a superior performance achieving the highest test set accuracy of 76%, however, in this work, we do not aim at improving the accuracies of models rather we are interested in exploring if fNIRS has the neural signatures to help modern ML/DL methods in multi-class classification which can lead to applications like brain-computer interfaces. Multi-class classification of fine anatomical movements, such as individual finger movements, is difficult to classify with fNIRS data. Traditional ML models like MNLR and LDA show inferior performance compared to the ensemble-based methods of RF and XGBoost. DL-based method Hemo-Net outperforms all methods evaluated in this study and demonstrates a promising future for fNIRS-based BCI applications.
Accelerating neurotechnology development using an Agile methodology
Authors: Thota Anil Kumar , Jung Ranu
Published: February 2024

Novel bioelectronic medical devices that target neural control of visceral organs (e.g., liver, gut, spleen) or inflammatory reflex pathways are innovative class III medical devices like implantable cardiac pacemakers that are lifesaving and life-sustaining medical devices. Bringing innovative neurotechnologies early into the market and the hands of treatment providers would benefit a large population of patients inflicted with autonomic and chronic immune disorders. Medical device manufacturers and software developers widely use the Waterfall methodology to implement design controls through verification and validation. In the Waterfall methodology, after identifying user needs, a functional unit is fabricated following the verification loop (design, build, and verify) and then validated against user needs. Considerable time can lapse in building, verifying, and validating the product because this methodology has limitations for adjusting to unanticipated changes. The time lost in device development can cause significant delays in final production, increase costs, and may even result in the abandonment of the device development. Software developers have successfully implemented an Agile methodology that overcomes these limitations in developing medical software. However, Agile methodology is not routinely used to develop medical devices with implantable hardware because of the increased regulatory burden of the need to conduct animal and human studies. Here, we provide the pros and cons of the Waterfall methodology and make a case for adopting the Agile methodology in developing medical devices with physical components. We utilize a peripheral nerve interface as an example device to illustrate the use of the Agile approach to develop neurotechnologies.
Assessment of the three-dimensional flow field in the reactor pressure vessel in Hualong One nuclear power plants
Authors: Wei Zonglan , Li Songwei , Du Sijia , Lu Yazhe , Qiu Zhifang
Published: February 2024

This study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the three-dimensional flow field under normal operating conditions in the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) in the Hualong One nuclear power plants (NPPs). With a particular focus on the flowrate distribution at the core inlet, the numerical framework is validated against the integral hydraulic experiment in a 1:4-scaled RPV of CNP1000, the prototype of the Hualong One reactor. The simulation results of the normalized flowrate at the core inlet agree reasonably well with the measured data. Based on the experimental data, several methods of calibrating the CFD turbulence model coefficients are suggested by introducing the concepts of data assimilation and machine learning. The flow field in a realistic RPV for Hualong One is predicted using the validated numerical framework, showing that the flowrate distribution at the core inlet is nearly homogeneous and that the turbulent intensity is acceptably low for each fuel assembly. It can provide essential information for the reactor core thermal–hydraulic design and the fuel assembly mechanical assessment.
What if I like it? Daily appraisal of technology-assisted supplemental work events and its effects on psychological detachment and work engagement
Authors: Kunz Lea Katharina , Ducki Antje , Hoppe Annekatrin
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Information and communication technologies (ICT) allow employees to engage in technology-assisted supplemental work (TASW), such as continuing work tasks and being contacted by supervisors or colleagues after their official working hours. Research has found that TASW can have positive and negative effects on employee wellbeing. Yet, it remains unclear under which circumstances TASW is beneficial or harmful. Building on appraisal theories, we hypothesized that a more positive appraisal of TASW events is related to higher levels of daily psychological detachment and work engagement. We further proposed that daily psychological detachment is positively associated with daily work engagement and mediates the relationship between appraisal of TASW events and daily work engagement.

Methods

To test our hypotheses, we conducted a diary study with two surveys per day over five consecutive workdays (N = 135; 245 daily observations).

Results

Results of multilevel path analysis showed that a more positive appraisal of TASW was positively related to work engagement. However, appraisal of TASW events was not associated with psychological detachment and, therefore, there was no mediating effect on work engagement.

Discussion

Our results contribute to existing research by investigating potential beneficial aspects of TASW and its effects on work engagement. Future research avenues and practical implications are discussed.
Unraveling the complexity of Disorders of the Gut-Brain Interaction: the gut microbiota connection in children
Authors: Rosa Dimas , Zablah Roberto Arturo , Vazquez-Frias Rodrigo
Published: February 2024

“Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBIs),” formerly referred to as “Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs),” encompass a prevalent array of chronic or recurring gastrointestinal symptoms that notably impact the quality of life for affected children and their families. Recent studies have elucidated the intricate pathophysiology of DGBIs, underscoring their correlation with gut microbiota. This review seeks to explore the present comprehension of the gut microbiota's role in DGBI development. While other factors can contribute to DGBIs, the gut microbiota prominently influences the onset and progression of these conditions. According to the Rome IV diagnostic criteria, DGBI prevalence is approximately 40% worldwide. The Rome Foundation has diligently worked for nearly three decades to refine our comprehension of DGBIs. By centering on the gut microbiota, this review sheds light on potential therapeutic interventions for DGBIs, potentially enhancing the quality of life for pediatric patients and their families.
Case Report: Remote magnetic navigation and accessory pathways ablation in a single ventricle young adult with complex corrective surgeries
Authors: Paja Steliana Cosmina , Gondoș Viviana , Deaconu Silvia , Cinteză Eliza , Vătășescu Radu
Published: February 2024

Supraventricular arrhythmias have become an increasingly significant contributor to the risk of mortality and morbidity in adults with complex congenital heart disease (CHD), especially in light of recent advances in palliative corrective surgeries. Because of their unique characteristics, they demand specific treatment approaches. While pharmaco-logical interventions are an option, they have limited effectiveness and may lead to side effects. Although performing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be exceptionally challenging in patients with complex CHD, due to particular vascular access and also modified anatomy, it has paved the way to enhance comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of supraventricular arrhythmias. This, in turn, enables the provision of improved therapies and, ultimately, an enhancement in the quality of life and symptom management for these patients. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the benefits of utilizing advanced technologies such as three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping systems, remote magnetic navigation, and highly flexible mapping and ablation catheters during RFA in a young adult with complex congenital heart disease. Although he lacked venous connections to the right atrium (RA) due to multiple corrective surgeries we, remarkably, were capable to advance a decapolar deflectable diagnostic catheter inside the Fontan tunnel and from there to record and stimulate the RA. Successful ablation of two accessory pathways was achieved with no arrhythmia recurrence during follow-up.
Time to act on childhood obesity: the use of technology
Authors: Porri Debora , Morabito Letteria Anna , Cavallaro Paola , La Rosa Elisa , Li Pomi Alessandra , Pepe Giorgia , Wasniewska Malgorzata
Published: February 2024

Childhood obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide and there is an urgent need to implement treatment and prevention programs. Over the last decade, in addition to increasing rates of childhood obesity, we have also observed rapid technological and digital development. The Covid-19 pandemic has largely contributed to both expansions but has also allowed an opening towards a broader vision of medicine, through new therapeutic opportunities such as mobile healthcare. The digital and technological delivery of obesity prevention and treatment programs can represent an innovative tool to support children and families to overcome some limitations and barriers such as the accessibility of programs that prevent them from adopting healthy lifestyle changes. This review aimed to summarize the impact of different digital interventions for children and adolescent affected by obesity.
A prospective randomized double-blind study comparing the dose-response curves of epidural ropivacaine for labor analgesia initiation between parturients with and without obesity
Authors: Huang Xiao-Dong , Qiu Xiao-Xiao , Wang He-Jie , Jin Xia-Fang , Xiao Fei
Published: February 2024

Background: Previous studies have explored the median effective concentration (EC50) of ropivacaine for labor epidural analgesia in parturients with obesity. However, the clinical relevance of the 90% effective concentration (EC90) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine and compare the dose–response curve of epidural ropivacaine for labor analgesia between parturients with and without obesity.

Methods: Parturients were divided into two groups based on body mass index (BMI): group N, consisting of parturients with BMI <30 kg/m2, and group O, consisting of parturients with BMI >30 kg/m2. Within each group, the patients were randomized to receive one of five concentrations (0.0375%, 0.075%, 0.1125%, 0.15%, or 0.1875%) of epidural ropivacaine for labor analgesia. Analgesia was induced with a loading dose of 15 mL of the assigned concentration. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were recorded at baseline and 30 min post-dose to calculate the response (%) using the formula [(baseline VAS pain score—VAS pain score at 30 min)/baseline VAS pain score] ×100%. The EC50 and EC90 values were determined via nonlinear regression analysis.

Results: The EC50 and EC90 values of ropivacaine were 0.061% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.056%–0.066%) and 0.177% (95% CI, 0.152%–0.206%) in group N and 0.056% (95% CI, 0.051%–0.061%) and 0.161% (95% CI, 0.138%–0.187%) in group O, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the EC50 and EC90 values between the two groups (p-values = 0.121 and 0.351, respectively.

Conclusion: In conclusion, within the parameters of this study, our findings suggest that obesity, characterized by a mean BMI value of 30.9, does not significantly influence the EC50 and EC90 values of epidural ropivacaine for labor analgesia. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the dose-response relationship between ropivacaine and obesity with higher BMI values.

Clinical trial registration:https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=190747, Identifier ChiCTR2300073273.
Prediction of multiple types of drug interactions based on multi-scale fusion and dual-view fusion
Authors: Pan Dawei , Lu Ping , Wu Yunbing , Kang Liping , Huang Fengxin , Lin Kaibiao , Yang Fan
Published: February 2024

Potential drug-drug interactions (DDI) can lead to adverse drug reactions (ADR), and DDI prediction can help pharmacy researchers detect harmful DDI early. However, existing DDI prediction methods fall short in fully capturing drug information. They typically employ a single-view input, focusing solely on drug features or drug networks. Moreover, they rely exclusively on the final model layer for predictions, overlooking the nuanced information present across various network layers. To address these limitations, we propose a multi-scale dual-view fusion (MSDF) method for DDI prediction. More specifically, MSDF first constructs two views, topological and feature views of drugs, as model inputs. Then a graph convolutional neural network is used to extract the feature representations from each view. On top of that, a multi-scale fusion module integrates information across different graph convolutional layers to create comprehensive drug embeddings. The embeddings from the two views are summed as the final representation for classification. Experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate that MSDF achieves higher accuracy than state-of-the-art methods, as the dual-view, multi-scale approach better captures drug characteristics.