bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Effect of Different Varieties of Tomato and Hot Pepper on Nematodes Attack in Senegal
Authors: Cisse Alpha , Diop Mamadou Thiam , Dia Souleymane Dia , Bop Saliou , Kane Boubacry , Sembene Mbacke
Published: October 2021

Tomato and hot pepper are very susceptible to nematodes. The Parasitic Plant Nematodes (PPN) are controlled using chemicals or resistant varieties. This study focuses on appraising the resistance levels of local and American varieties through the plant characteristics (growth, biomass) and the nematodes metrics (gall index, population). For each crop, three American varieties were tested to ascertain their resistance to the nematodes in Senegal using the following plant materials and protocol. American tomatoe varieties are as follows: Small Fry, Jet Setter, and Celebrity. The hot pepper American varieties include Charleston Bell, Carolina Cayenne, and Carolina Wonder. All of these were provided by the Entomology and Nematology Department and Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Florida. They were compared with highly susceptible Senegalese local varieties which were Roma and Orbit for tomato and Safi for hot pepper. The test was conducted in pots containing sterilized sand of dune and placed in a shelter in a completely randomized design. There were 200 second stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne inoculated in each pot thirteen days after transplantation. After fifty days, plants were uprooted to collect agronomic and nematological parameters. Results for tomato showed, in general, better growth from Roma than the other American tomato varieties. Celebrity offered possibilities of reducing Meloidogyne population, while Small Fry and Jet Setter’s growth were not affected by Meloidogyne populations. Safi, which is the local hot pepper variety, displayed the poorest growth. Carolina Cayenne variety also performed better than Safi in heavy infestations. Analysis of Meloidogyne J2 final population data (in the soil and root) showed a significant difference between Small Fry and Celebrity for tomato. As for hot pepper, Carolina Cayenne performed significantly better than Carolina wonder and Safi. This opens up further research opportunities on the impact of Meloidogyne nematode genus and the agronomic parameters.
Ações judiciais e meio ambiente
Authors: Bariquello Ani Cristina , Souza-Lima José Edmilson , Silva Matosinhos Isabella
Published: October 2021

A Constituição Brasileira de 1988, em parte, inspirada pelos movimentos ambientalistas que irromperam após a Convenção de Estocolmo de 1972, elevou o ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado ao patamar de direito fundamental. Concomitantemente, ao convertê-lo em um bem comum, impôs a todos o dever de protegê-lo e preservá-lo, inclusive para as gerações vindouras. Assim, por meio de pesquisa jurisprudencial, o objetivo do artigo é analisar como o STJ e TJPR (poder Judiciário) é acionado para se pronunciar em relação a temas ambientais. Conclui-se que o Poder Judiciário não tem sido acionado para tomar o ambiente como um bem comum ou como base de sustento da vida, mas como um recurso à disposição dos humanos.
THE POLICY MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY FOREST: A FACTOR ANALYSIS
Authors: Sukwika Tatan , Fransisca Lidya
Published: October 2021

Developing and maintaining forest sustainably is a way to support sustainable development. From the technical point of view, the sustainability of community forest could be articulated not only based on the three aspects i.e. economic (ECO), social culture (SOC), ecology (EGY), but it can also include dimensions of legal & institutional (LIT), and accessibility & technology (ACT). This study aims to determine variables of sustainability dimensions that have a direct positive effect on the sustainability of the community forests (SCF), to identify variables that affect SCF and variables of sustainability dimensions that have  dominant effect on SCF. This study employed 70 samples of forest farmers’ group in Bogor regency. The respondents were purposively selected based on consideration of the criteria for forest farmer groups namely beginner, intermediate, and advanced. The Analysis tools used PLS-SEM. Sustainability dimensions of ECO, EGY, LIT, and ACT have a significant positive direct effect on SCF. The mediational hypothesis testing suggested that there is a partial mediation from ECO and EGY to SCF, which is consistent and have a positive value. Based on the coefficient value of the total-effect, among the five dimensions, ecology value was the biggest and the most robust. The policy implies that the ecological aspects considered the importance and strategy. Therefore, the value and productivity of the community forest structure and composition need to be maintained.
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND REGENERATION STATUS OF TREE SPECIES IN KYONGNOSLA ALPINE SANCTUARY, EASTERN HIMALAYA, INDIA
Authors: Lahiri Subhajit , Dash Sudhansu Sekhar
Published: October 2021

Habitat destruction, over exploitation, monoculture are major reasons for loss of primary forests in Himalaya. Tree population, composition and diversity particularly in the temperate Himalaya play a key role in the maintenance of many ecosystem services and natural biogeochemical cycles. The present study explores composition and regeneration status of tree species in a temperate mixed forest in Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary, East Sikkim, India.  Two sites at an elevation range of 2800–3800 m were selected and 20 plots of 20 m × 20 m for trees, 80 plots of 5 m × 5 m for saplings, and 160 plots of 1 m × 1 m for seedlings were sampled to study the regeneration status. A total of 17 tree species belonging to 9 genera and 8 families were recorded of which Rhododendron was the most dominant genus with maximum number of species. All the phytosociological attributes, such as relative density, abundance and important value index were calculated. The average species richness of adult trees and saplings was 13.5± 0.7 and for seedlings it was 12.5 ± 0.07. The mean density of seedlings was 3609.77 ± 494.39 individuals/ ha, for saplings  1540 ± 113.13 individuals/ha and of mature trees  548.75 ± 8.83 individuals/ha. Total basal area cover ranged from 36.61 to 40.35 m2/ha for trees, from 1.54 to 1.71 m2/ha for saplings.  Fair regeneration was observed in 64.72% of total species; good regeneration observed in 17.64% species, 11.76 % species exhibited poor regeneration while 5.88% showed no regeneration.  Density-diameter distribution exhibited decrease in tree densities towards higher DBH classes. The study not only provides reliable information on the ecosystem’s health of the sanctuary but also will help in understanding the complexity of the ecosystem function and an approach to conservation of biota.
ANALYSIS OF THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY AND POSITRON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY WITH 18F-FDG IN IDENTIFICATION OF SPINAL AND PELVIC BONE METASTASES
Authors: Laryukov A. V. , Hasanov R. Sh. , Afanasyeva Z. A. , Laryukova E. K.
Published: October 2021

Background. The treatment outcomes for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depend on the tumor stage and treatment strategy. The imaging techniques play a significant role in the diagnosis, staging and choice of appropriate treatment for NSCLC.

Purpose of the study: сomparison of the diagnostic capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MR) and positron emission computed tomography to select the optimal approaches to early detection of spinal and pelvic bone metastases.

Material and Methods. The treatment outcomes were analyzed in 71 patients with NSCLC. Spinal and pelvic bone metastases were detected in 24 patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission computed tomography (PET/CT). Multiple bone lesions were the most common. A total of 69 metastatic lesions were identified. To compare the capabilities of diagnostic techniques, all patients underwent PET/CT with 18F-FDG, and MRI of the spine and pelvic bones using diffused-weighted images (DWI). Statistical data processing included the calculation of the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of the above techniques.

Conclusion. The comparative analysis of the capabilities of modern high-tech diagnostic techniques (PET/CT with 18F-FDG and MRI of the spine and pelvic bones with DWI) in early detection of bone metastases in patients with NSCLC, PET/CT with 18F-FDG showed the greatest diagnostic value. However, taking into account the high sensitivity and specificity of MRI with DVI in detection of bone metastases and limited availability of PET/CT for patients, MRI with DVI is recommended to exclude bone metastases.
ROLE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY WITH PNEUMOGASTROGRAPHY IN DETERMINING THE REGRESSION GRADE OF LOCALLY ADVANCED GASTRIC CANCER AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Amelina I. D. , Karachun A. M. , Nesterov D. V. , Shevkunov L. N. , Artemieva A. S. , Bagnenko S. S. , Trofimov S. L.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. A multimodal approach to the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer with the addition of systemic or local treatment methods, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, reduces the risk of cancer recurrence, thus improving survival of patients. Advances in anticancer therapy dictate the need to develop systems for assessing tumor response to new treatment modalities.

Material and Methods. The study included 162 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who received treatment at the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology from 2015 to 2018. All patients underwent subtotal gastric resection or gastrectomy with lymph node dissection and previously received neoadjuvant polychemotherapy. Patients were in the age range 30 to 80 years old. The tumor pathomorphological response to chemotherapy was assessed in all patients using a pathomorphological response rate system according to the classification of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA, 3rd English edition). All patients underwent computed tomography with pneumogastrography before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immediately before surgery. For each of 162 patients, 96 qualitative and quantitative biomarkers of tumor and paragastric lymph node imaging were analyzed.

Results. The accuracy of determining the tumor response rate using computed tomography with pneumogastrography was 82.6 % for TRG-0/1, 90 % for TRG-1/2, and 88 % for TRG-2/3. Discussion. The tumor pathomorphological response to treatment is a predictor of long-term results; however, it can be assessed only after analyzing the surgical specimen, and this marker cannot be used in inoperable cases and for correction of palliative chemotherapy. The study of imaging biomarkers based on quantitative and qualitative data reflecting the histopathological features of the tumor and lymph nodes can help determine the tumor regression grade and optimize treatment.

Conclusion. The proposed algorithm for assessing the response grade of locally advanced gastric cancer to chemotherapy using imaging biomarkers is a promising prognostic marker and requires further study.
THE USE OF THE PROPELLER FLAP FOR COVERING SKIN DEFECT AFTER AXILLARY LYMPHADENECTOMY FOR BREAST CANCER
Authors: Reshetov I. V. , Khiyaeva V. A. , Kudrin K. G. , Fatyanova A. S.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility of using the propeller flap to cover a large axillary fossa defect following lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients.

Material and Methods. One hundred breast cancer patients underwent surgery. Out of them, 64 underwent Madden modified radical mastectomy and 36 radical breast resection using a propeller muscle flap. Out of 100 patients, 61 were followed up (50 after mastectomy and 11 after radical resection using a propeller flap). Fifteen patients were randomly selected for examination of the flap using ultrasound (2 patients after radical resection, 13patients after radical mastectomy). The follow-up time was from 3 to 6 months. We studied the following: bleeding in the postoperative period, hematoma, duration of lymphorrhea, duration of hospitalization, ultrasound findings, hand function, size of the upper limb, and physical activity.

Results. No statistically significant differences in the number of complications related to the surgery extent were found. Here was no bleeding. Small hematoma was observed in one patient who underwent breast resection. Forty-three (70.49 %) patients did not have lymphorrhea after drainage removal. Lymphorrhea was observed for a month in 9 (14.75 %) patients, for 1–2 months in 4 (6.56 %) patients, and for 3 months or more in 5 (8.2 %) patients – 3 months or more. Twelve (19.67 %) patients developed lymphoedema of the arm. Hospitalization period was 7 bed-days in 90.0 % of cases. The flap viability reached 100.0 %. In 54 (88.53 %) of 61 patients, the active function of the arm recovered. Thirty-eight (62 %) patients had ECOG 1 status 3 years after surgery.

Conclusion. The flap made it possible to solve the local problems of covering the axillary neurovascular bundle during lymphadenectomy for breast cancer and eliminating a large axillary fossa defect. The results obtained demonstrated high engraftment rates with a small number of complications, regardless of the surgery extent.
THE ROLE OF EZH2 AND ARID1A IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF FLAT UROTHELIAL LESIONS WITH ATYP
Authors: Sameh R. , Mostafa N. , Embaby A. , Raouf S. A. , Abdelwahab K.
Published: October 2021

Background. Diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in situ is of great importance because it has prognostic and therapeutic value.

We aim to determine the utility of EZH2 and ARID1A as a new tool in the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ.

Material and Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study included Twenty-four specimens of flat urothelial lesions, twenty specimens of CIS, and 10 of normal adjacent urothelium that was taken by cystoscopic resection biopsy procedure. immunohistochemical expression of EZH2 and ARID1A. were evaluated in all studied cases.

Results. All normal urothelium specimens showed high nuclear staining for ARID1A and negative nuclear staining for EZH2. High EZH2 expression was observed in 80 % of CIS specimens compared to 20 % of flat urothelial lesions with atypia (p=0.001 ), while high ARID1A expression was observed in 70.8 % of flat urothelial lesions with atypia compared to 25 % of CIS specimens (p=0.001). EZH2 was more accurate and specific in the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ.

Conclusion. EZH2 and ARID1A are promising diagnostic markers for urothelial CIS. EZH2 is more accurate and specific than ARID1A in the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ versus other flat urothelial lesions.
Introducing lifelong machine learning in the active tuberculosis classification through chest radiographs
Authors: Alves Regina Reis da Costa , Tavares Frederico Caetano Jandre de Assis , Seixas José Manoel , Trajman Anete
Published: October 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease which is among the top 10 causes of death in the world. In order to eliminate the disease by 2050, the treatment of TB infection (TBI) is essential, which requires radiological reports to exclude active tuberculosis. The automatic X-ray classifiers used today are based on models that do not guarantee the retention of knowledge if they need to learn new tasks over time. This work proposes the introduction of the lifelong machine learning (LML) paradigm in automatic X-ray classifiers aimed at helping to diagnose active TB (ATB). Two LML algorithms, Efficient Lifelong Learning Algorithm (ELLA) and Learning without Forgetting (LwF), are applied to the TB and pneumonia classification tasks. The results show that it is possible to keep the performance in both tasks with the LML paradigm.
DOES THE LAW OF ONE PRICE (LOP) HOLDS IN THE INTERNATIONAL BARLEY MARKETS
Authors: Sadiq Sanusi Mohammed , Singh P I , Ahmad M M
Published: October 2021

A price time-series data of barley for a period of 49 years (1970-2019) sourced from the FAO database was used to determine the horizontal market integration of barley among some selected major market players in barley trade in the world. The chosen markets are Australia, Canada, Iran, Turkey and the USA based on the availability of up-to-date large span data. The collected data were analyzed using inferential statistics- unit root tests, co-integration tests, unrestricted vector autoregressive model, Granger causality test and impulse response function. The empirical evidence showed that the law of one price (LOP) exists among the selected markets i.e. there is perfect price communication among the markets in the long run, thus highly integrated. Besides, Australian and Canadian markets established a long-run equilibrium, thus have a stable price in the long run. Furthermore, the import and export hubs of barley in the trade are Canadian, USA and Turkey markets while Iranian and Australian markets are large consumer markets. The empirical evidence showed Canadian and USA markets to be the major players in the trade while the Australian market is a follower in the trade. All the selected markets have promising future prices with a little inflationary trend which will owe to supply fluctuation. The reinforcement of physical infrastructure, the use of ICTs and well-defined consistent agricultural policy/market initiatives would thus lead to the global creation of a single uniform economic market for barley.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION ON PRODUCTIVITY OF PLANTAIN FARMERS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Afodu Osagie John , Akinboye Olufunso Emmanuel , Akintunde A O , Ndubuisi-Ogbonna L C , Shobo B A , Oyewumi O S
Published: October 2021

Sub-Saharan Africa has been plaque with food insecurity due to lack of adoption of modern technology to improve their productivity. Technology is the systematic application of scientific or other organized body of knowledge to practical purposes. This includes new ideas, inventions, innovations, techniques, methods and materials. Since increasing agricultural productivity is critical to meeting the continues rise in demand for food, agricultural technologies will play immense role in increasing the production of food. As a result, it is useful to examine the adoption of technologies among farmers. A multistage sampling technique was used for the selection of five hundred and fifty - six plantain farmers. The data were collected through the administration of a well-structured questionnaire on a cross-section surveyed of plantain farmers. The result of the study shown that educating the plantain farmers in Nigeria will enable them adopt new technologies which will enhance their productivity.
Shaheed Practice in Islam and Shaheedism in the Contemporary World
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Yakhyaev Mukhtar Yakhyaevich
Published: October 2021

Due to the lack of rational understanding, the religious phenomena shaheed, shaheed practice, shaheedism still remain mysterious. They are often used by radical Islamists and agents of interna-tional terrorism as religious justification for murderous attacks carried out by suicide bombers. In the article, the essence of shaheed practice is derived from the fact that a Muslim becomes a shaheed in order to exchange his earthly life for eternal existence on the path of jihad as a means of strengthen-ing faith in the One Allah in himself and in other people. At the same time, it is important that only the Muslim who, under specific conditions, by objective necessity, is ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of his faith, can claim the status of a martyr. Death in pursuit of worldly blessings or sui-cide as an arbitrary act that corrects the predetermined individual destiny of a person and is a crimi-nal refusal to obey the will of the Almighty, does not turn the one, who left the earthly world, into a shaheed of Islam. The author also denies the identity of Islamic shaheed practice with shaheedism as its transformed form. Such identification is a result of a deliberate transformation of a religious phe-nomenon into a means of solving current military-political problems and a manifestation of the ide-ology of justifying terrorism and the suicidal behavior of individual believers.
Sociopathic Aspects of Waging War in “Islamic State” Terrorist Group
Authors:   Minsk Innovation University, Ageenkova Ekaterina Kuz'minichna , Нreben Natallia Fedorovna ,   Republican Research and Practice Center for Mental Health
Published: October 2021

In modern publications on the activities of ISIS terrorist group, its ideology is most often viewed as a version of Islam, modified and distorted from the perspective of extremism. However, a perverse human nature, that can be defined as sociopathy, is also revealed in the nature of execu-tions by a number of ISIS fighters. The article presents the results of a medical and psychological analysis of the discourse of official information materials of this group, i. e. videos with graphic vio-lence. Analysis of these messages showed that they promote super-cruelty and revealed that execu-tioners take a delight therein. The materials contain, firstly, a self-presentation of a tendency to-wards sadism, secondly, a focus on attracting people with personal deformities to their ranks, and, thirdly, provoking manifestations of sadistic inclinations in people and changing the moral state of modern society. The article provides a psychological, psychiatric and legal assessment of ISIS execu-tioners.
Islamic Theory of International Relations in Indonesia: the Formation of a National School
Authors:   Moscow State Institute оf International Relations, Efimova Larisa Mikhailovna
Published: October 2021

Indonesian national school of Islamic theory of international relations (TIR) began to form in the second decade of the 21st century. Its main characteristics are the combination of the Divine revelation with rational analytics and empirical knowledge, as well as Indonesian national features that combine classical Islamic theology, jurisprudence and local traditions. Indonesian scholars focus mainly on the most debated issues in the Islamic TIR, i.e. on war and peace, the relationship be-tween Islamic and non-Islamic states, the division of the world into Islamic territory and the territo-ry of war, the interpretation of jihad, and the project of the global caliphate. Remaining within the framework of the Islamic paradigm, Indonesian theorists reject medieval traditions and approaches and single out the postulates of sacred texts that do not contradict rational thinking and make it pos-sible to adequately respond to the challenges of contemporary international relations. They do not contrast Islamic TIR with the postulates established in world academic science, but seek to supple-ment them with their interpretations of global problems according to their national religious and cultural traditions.
Factors of Religious Tolerance Formation (Based on a Sociological Survey of the Urban Population of Dagestan)
Authors:   Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography, Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shakhbanova Madina Magomedkamilovna
Published: October 2021

The problem of interreligious tolerance, the nature of relations between followers of different faiths is actualized in the multi-confessional and multi-ethnic space. As part of the study of religious identity and cult behavior of the urban population of Dagestan, the issue of religious tolerance, as well as factors of deterioration in the interreligious sphere, was touched upon. Empirical data show that the spread of new religious movements, alien to traditional Islam, appearance of political parties and leaders using religious feelings of the population for political ends, the desire of Islamic organi-zations to get an exclusive position in Dagestani society and the struggle and ambitions of spiritual leaders (imams) for influence, – all contribute to religious intolerance in contemporary Dagestani society. In the mass consciousness of urban population in general, one can observe a positive atti-tude towards proselytism and proselytizing activities, although the subgroups identifying themselves as unbelievers and vocal unbelievers emphasize the destructive role of this process with the motiva-tion of deteriorating, firstly, the ethnic situation, and, secondly, the inter-religious relations in socie-ty. In addition, empirical data show that the urban population surveyed believes that the main func-tion of clergy is public ministry, assistance to the needy, spiritual and moral education. At the same time religious organizations are viewed as unable to effectively resolve the problems of interethnic confrontation and ethnic conflicts.
«Women's Practices» in Non-Canonical Pilgrimage in Islam
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Gusenova Djamilya Adamkadievna
Published: October 2021

Analysis of some «women's practices» in non-canonical pilgrimage in Islam revealed that the specification of these pilgrimage practices follows from such factors as the status and role position of a woman in society, her main functions in the family and community, as well as her psychoemo-tional nature. There is a tendency on the part of women to assign to sacred natural objects a super-natural character and to endow them with magical power. This can be clearly seen both at the level of systematization and theoretical analysis of similar studies, and after considering the results of the author’s small electronic sociological survey. 54,5 % of respondents believe to some extent that sa-cred objects indicated in the survey possess supernatural powers. The same surveys revealed syncre-tism between pagan objects of religious worship and Islamic attributes of the religious life of Dage-stanis. At the same time, the perception of some natural objects as sacred ones differs in the regions of the republic.
Secularism and Islam: Some Results of Interaction
Authors:   Center of Written Heritage at the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of the Re-public of Tajikistan, Dodkhudoeva Lola Nazarovna
Published: October 2021

The agenda of the global Islamic discourse of the 15th century of hijra (third quarter of the 20th – early 21st century) is formed under the influence of both endogenous and exogenous factors. The transformation of social, political, and religious determinants, as well as changes in the interpre-tation of local and global history, caused a rethinking of a number of doctrines and strategies that dominated the world's theoretical space and socio-political practices. An in-depth analysis of the re-alization of the theory of modernity and the doctrine of secularism raised the question of finding adequate interpretation tools in highlighting the current tendencies of world history. The search for a model of “Islamic modernity” in the Islamic intellectual space is a responce to the changes in the global world order. Understanding global challenges has contributed to the evolution of an Islamic spiritual and legal tradition ensuring its return to the public space in the era of post-secularism in a renewed quality, without excessive sacralizing the symbolic capital of Islam. On this basis, the so-called “New Islam” has taken shape representing new approaches to the issues of self-identification, political leadership, gender, etc.
Religious Practices and the Mediatization of Islam in the Crimea Amidst the Pandemic
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Muratova Elmira Serverovna
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the changes in the religious life of the Crimean Tatars during the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines such issues as Crimean Muslims’ perception of restrictions on mass religious events, transformation of Islamic rituals and practices, and the process of mediatiza-tion of Islam. The article is written on the basis of analysis of publications in social networks and websites of official Muslim organizations in the Crimea, interviews with religious leaders and partic-ipant observation. The author concludes that the Crimean Tatars’ adaptation to new conditions was generally conflict-free although some manifestations of “coronadissidence” took place. The pandem-ic stimulated the mediatization of Islam in the Crimea, which manifests in accelerated digitalization of Muslim practices and the transfer of Islamic knowledge to the online sphere. For Islamic institu-tions, practices and communications in the Crimea, the transforming consequences of mediatization of religion will become visible over time and will get in the focus of academic research.
Islamic Activism in Trans-Kama Region: History and Modernity
Authors:   Центр исламоведческих исследований Академии наук Республики Татарстан, Nurullina Roza Vagizovna
Published: October 2021

The article examines the development of Islam in the Trans-Kama (Zakamsky) region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The region is characterized by the natural and geographical isolation from the center, economic uniqueness, specificity of the historical process and the formation of a distinct socio-cultural environment. On the one hand, this is an area of traditional agriculture with a sus-tained history of Islam development in а different confessional surrounding. On the other hand, new cities and monotowns with their marginality, the lack of spirituality and cultural bonds create a fa-vorable environment for the spread of new religious movements. The empirical basis of the article are the results of monitoring publications in the media and social networks of recent years (1,171 messages, 2016-2020) that refute the prevailing idea that the activity of Muslims in Trans-Kama region of Tatarstan in the post-Soviet period has an overall extremist orientation. The author con-cludes that, as a whole, the Muslim community of Trans-Kama region is capable to adequately per-ceive the reality, adapt to it and move to a new development level.
The Syrian Crisis (2011–2021): Development of Conflict
Authors:   Center for Arab and Islamic Studies of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Acad-emy of Sciences, Dolgov Boris Vasilyevich
Published: October 2021

The author analyses the course of the conflict, the composition and the actions of the armed opposition. The methods of the media war against the Syrian Arab Republic are examined. The role of Russia in the suppression of ISIS and the political solution of the Syrian crisis is demonstrated. The academic novelty of the author’s approach is its focus on the new stage of the Syrian crisis in the years 2018–2021, i. e. after the downfall of ISIS. The internal situation in SAR, the activity of the Constitutional Committee, the Presidential elections in 2021 are examined and analyzed. The author concludes that after the defeat of ISIS and its affiliated radical Islamist groupings, the main factors of the conflict continuation are the external actors illegitimately presented in SAR and the armed groups under their control, as well as the Kurdish factor. The author maintains that the polit-ical solution of the Syrian crisis is possible after the transformation of the armed groups of the moderate opposition into a political force and under the condition of the territorial integrity and sover-eignty of Syria that would guarantee the free creed of all its confessions.
Aziz Gazi-Mansur in Bakhchisarai
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lomakin Dmitriy A.
Published: October 2021

On the basis of various groups of sources, the author considers the origins and functioning of a spiritual cult complex formed in the medieval period around the Gazi-Mansur Medini Aziz in the southeastern suburb of Bakhchisarai. The phenomenon of a wide spread of azizes in the territory of the Crimean Peninsula connected, primarily, with a high popularity of various Sufi teachings with the population of the region, is analyzed. The author traces the etymology of the term aziz, in all probability derived from the Arabic word عزیز, aziyzun translated as “friend”, “neighbor”, “om-nipotent”, “precious”. Given the lack of reliable historical facts about Gazi-Mansur, a large number of legends and folk traditions have been studied in order to find information about this semi-legendary personality. The author admits that, a native of Medina, he might have been a companion to the Prophet (Sakhab). It was established that his grave could be only one of the places of appear-ance of the saint (maqam), where one could enter into a spiritual connection with him. If this as-sumption is correct, it is possible that such saints’ maqams may exist anywhere in the Muslim world where he could be popular. On the basis of the late 19th century photographic sources, the architec-tural appearance of the complex, whose centre was a tekieh presumably built in the 15th century, was recreated. The author has reconstructed the chronology of functioning of the spiritual centre that had been almost completely destroyed by the mid 20th century. The current state of the landmark, which is still in a state of neglect, is considered. Emphasis is put on the need for a comprehensive scholarl study of the complex based on fundamental archaeological research.
Lupis e Jacalupis (Pepeptela em topoi agónicos)
Authors: Ponce de Leão Isabel
Published: October 2021

A Montanha de Água Lilás de Pepetela presentificando-se, com a simplicidade de um fabulário, é, antes de tudo, uma alegoria política e social condenatória da destruição dos recursos naturais e da exploração do homem pelo homem fruto de uma economia de mercado pautada pela ambição e o materialismo. Lupis e Jacalupis, impressionados pela riqueza fácil, fazem vingar a lei do mais forte e adulteram as leis naturais.
Moore III, B., Underdal, A., Lemke, P. & Loreau, M. (2001). A Declaração de Amesterdão sobre Mudança Global
Authors: Mendes João
Published: October 2021

Tradução portuguesa da Declação de Amesterdão sobre Mudança Global.
Vinte anos da Declaração de Amsterdão sobre Mudança Global – Uma retrospetiva
Authors: Mendes João
Published: October 2021

Comentário retrospetivo da Declaração de Amesterdão sobre Mudança Global vinte anos após a sua publicação.
Анализ потерь быстрых ионов, вызванных распространением тороидальных альфвеновских мод в плазме сферического токамака Глобус-М2
Authors: Балаченков И.М. , Бахарев Н.Н. , Варфоломеев В.И. , Гусев В.К. , Ильясова М.В. , Курскиев Г.С. , Минаев В.Б. , Патров М.И. , Петров Ю.В. , Сахаров Н.В. , Скрекель О.М. , Тельнова А.Ю. , Хилькевич Е.М. , Шевелев А.Е. , Щеголев П.Б.
Published: October 2021

With an increase of magnetic field up to 0.8 T and plasma current to 400 kA, fast ion losses rate in the discharges with toroidal Alfven eigenmodes decreased in tokamak Globus-M2 comparing with Globus-M tokamak discharges. Taking into account the data on the discharges with increased magnetic field and plasma current, the regression fit of neutral particle analyzer flux drop in energy channel close to neutral beam energy on relative eigenmode magnitude, the value of magnetic field and plasma current was analyzed. The power of flux drop dependence on TAE magnitude was found to be ~0.5 and inverse proportional on the value of product of magnetic field and plasma current, which is highly likely is determined only by plasma current due to weak dependence on magnetic field. The result obtained indicates that fast ion losses in Globus-M2, stimulated by toroidal Alfven eigenmodes are mostly determined by the shift of passing orbits to the plasma edge. With the increase of plasma current and magnetic field, neutron flux drops arising in the moments of toroidal mode bursts have also decreased.
Влияние редкоземельных металлов на стеклообразующую способность и кристаллизацию аморфных сплавов CoFeSiBNb
Authors: Русанов Б.А. , Сидоров В.Е. , Svec P. , Janickovic D. , Ладьянов В.И. , Петрова С.А. , Сабирзянов А.А.
Published: October 2021

In present work amorphous alloys Co48Fe25Si4B19Nb4-R (R = Nd, Sm, Tb, Yb) were obtained by planar flow casting in the form of ribbons with 3-5 mm wide and 35-45 μm thickness. It was found that crystallization process goes into two stages and depends on the used rare-earth addition and its content in the alloy by differential thermal analysis method. Glass-forming ability criteria were calculated. It is shown that paramagnetic Curie temperature of alloys in liquid state can be used as their a-priori criterion of glass-forming ability.
Сравнительное исследование термостойкости пелликлов на основе бериллия
Authors: Зуев С.Ю. , Лопатин А.Я. , Лучин В.И. , Салащенко Н.Н. , Татарский Д.А. , Цыбин Н.Н. , Чхало Н.И.
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate the possibility of manufacturing Be-based ultrathin films with high transmission at wavelengths of 11.4 and 13.5 nm. For free-standing films of Be and Be-based multilayer structures (Si/Be, ZrSi2/Be, Be/BexNy, Zr/Be, Ru/Be, Mo/Be), we determine the thresholds of the absorbed power at which over a short period (tens of minutes) of vacuum annealing, initially sagging free-standing films became visibly stretched over the hole. Of the film structures tested here, the Be/BexNy structure (with beryllium nitride interlayers) showed the highest threshold for the absorbed power (1 W/cm2). However, due to the low strength of this structure, ZrSi2/Be, Mo/Be, and Be films seem to be more promising for the manufacture of a full-size pellicle. Long-term vacuum annealing of Mo/Be and Be ultrathin films showed that they could withstand 24 hours of vacuum heating at an absorbed power density of 0.2 W/cm2 (film temperature ~250°C) without noticeable changes in EUV transmission or sagging of films. With comparable transmission (~83% at 13.5 nm and ~88% at 11.4 nm), a multilayer Mo/Be structure with a thickness of 30 nm appears to be preferable, as it shows less brittleness than a monolayer Be film with a thickness of 50 nm.
Радиопоглощающие свойства феррит-полимерных композитов поливиниловый спирт/Ni-Zn феррит
Authors: Костишин В.Г. , Исаев И.М. , Шакирзянов Р.И. , Салогуб Д.В. , Каюмова А.Р. , Олицкий В.К.
Published: October 2021

The electromagnetic and radio-absorbing characteristics of ferrite-polymer composites with conductive inclusions based on polyvinyl alcohol are investigated. The Ni-Zn spinel ferrite powder of 2000NN grade with composition Ni0.32Zn0.68Fe2O4 was used as filler. It is shown that the obtained composites are effective absorbers in the frequency range of 2⸺5 GHz with peak reflection loss less than –20 dB. Through the analysis of the permittivity spectra and permeability spectra, as well as the calculated reflection loss spectra, critical factors of the electromagnetic wave absorption in obtained composites are established.
Обзор и классификация пространственно-временных векторов дискретных состояний семифазного преобразователя
Authors: Терешкин В.М. , Гришин Д.А. , Баландин С.П. , Терешкин В.В.
Published: October 2021

The subject of the research is the control algorithms for a seven-phase converter that implement space-vector voltage modulation of a seven-phase motor as an alternative to a three-phase engine in modern electric traction. The study used elements of set theory, combinatorics, Fourier series expansion and vector analysis. Checking research results was implemented on a special stand for experimental studies of spatial vector voltage modulation of a seven-phase motor.
Patient-Generated Data Analytics of Health Behaviors of People Living With Type 2 Diabetes: Scoping Review
Authors: Nagpal Meghan S , Barbaric Antonia , Sherifali Diana , Morita Plinio P , Cafazzo Joseph A
Published: October 2021

Background

Complications due to type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be mitigated through proper self-management that can positively change health behaviors. Technological tools are available to help people living with, or at risk of developing, T2D to manage their condition, and such tools provide a large repository of patient-generated health data (PGHD). Analytics can provide insights into the health behaviors of people living with T2D.

Objective

The aim of this review is to investigate what can be learned about the health behaviors of those living with, or at risk of developing, T2D through analytics from PGHD.

Methods

A scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley framework was conducted in which a comprehensive search of the literature was conducted by 2 reviewers. In all, 3 electronic databases (PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library) were searched using keywords associated with diabetes, behaviors, and analytics. Several rounds of screening using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were conducted, after which studies were selected. Critical examination took place through a descriptive-analytical narrative method, and data extracted from the studies were classified into thematic categories. These categories reflect the findings of this study as per our objective.

Results

We identified 43 studies that met the inclusion criteria for this review. Although 70% (30/43) of the studies examined PGHD independently, 30% (13/43) combined PGHD with other data sources. Most of these studies used machine learning algorithms to perform their analysis. The themes identified through this review include predicting diabetes or obesity, deriving factors that contribute to diabetes or obesity, obtaining insights from social media or web-based forums, predicting glycemia, improving adherence and outcomes, analyzing sedentary behaviors, deriving behavior patterns, discovering clinical correlations from behaviors, and developing design principles.

Conclusions

The increased volume and availability of PGHD have the potential to derive analytical insights into the health behaviors of people living with T2D. From the literature, we determined that analytics can predict outcomes and identify granular behavior patterns from PGHD. This review determined the broad range of insights that can be examined through PGHD, which constitutes a unique source of data for these applications that would not be possible through the use of other data sources.
Implementable Factors for Sustainable Agricultural Policy in Metro City
Authors: Krisnantoro Arbiyansah , Pramono Retno Widodo Dwi
Published: October 2021

Conservation of agricultural land for food sovereignty is one of the SDGs' agenda. In Indonesia, this objective is stated in the Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (LP2B) policy outlined in Law No. 41/2009, which followed by regulations below to the level of the Regional Regulation. In the Metro City, this is stated in Regional Regulation No. 21/2016 to be the basis for a policy of protection of 1,567.5 hectares of paddy fields. This regulation aims to support food sovereignty and maintain the ecological balance of the environment. The problem arises because the paddy fields designated by LP2B are private land so that not all owners are willing to implement this policy. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the level of willingness of landowners with a quantitative approach by analyzing land data with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. A sample of 513 parcels was taken from the Farmers Owning Farmers population of 6,060 HHs based on Agricultural Survey data, BPS Lampung 2018. In general, from the results of the analysis, the highest coefficient on object characteristics was variable land productivity while the characteristics of subjects were multifunctional knowledge of paddy fields.
Suspect’s access to a lawyer at an early stage of criminal proceedings in view the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Sakowicz Andrzej
Published: October 2021

Access to a lawyer at the pre-trial stage of proceedings is an essential component of the right to defense in criminal proceedings and the right to a fair trial. Access to a lawyer enables the accused to make a good decision for his her defence. At present, there is no doubt that prompt access to a lawyer constitutes an important counterweight to the vulnerability of suspects in police custody, ensures equality of arms and provides a fundamental safeguard against coercion. This study analyses a suspect’s right to access to a lawyer at the initial stage of criminal proceedings in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The first part of the article provides an analysis of the understanding of the right to a lawyer at the pre-trial stage as applied by the ECtHR prior to the Salduz case. This period in the ECtHR’s case law was characterized by a lack of precision as to the temporal limits of the right laid down in Article 6 § 3 (c) of the ECHR. The next part shows the changes brought about by the judgment in the Salduz case regarding the protection of suspects and ensuring their right to counsel. It is argued that the Salduz doctrine not only covered the suspect’s access to a lawyer at the initial stage of the pre-trial proceedings, but also stressed the obligation to inform the suspect of his or her rights, including the right to remain silent. An important element of the Salduz doctrine was the possibility to eliminate evidence obtained during an interrogation conducted at an early stage of the pre-trial proceedings in the absence of a defense counsel. Further, the paper argues that the standard set out in the judgment in the Salduz v. Turkey case was confirmed in a number of rulings. The fourth part of the paper draws attention to the erosion of the Salduz standard that occurred with the judgment in the Ibrahim and Others v. the UK case. The article also brings into focus recent judgments of the ECtHR which have reinforced the view expressed in the Ibrahim and Others v. the UK case concerning a test of fairness of a trial as whole. It is underlined in the conclusions that recent ECtHR’s case law does not provide any cause for optimism regarding legal assistance at an early stage of criminal proceedings.
A periculosidade na decretação de prisão preventiva por furto em Salvador: controle racial e de classe
Authors: Leão Bernardo Sodré Carneiro , Prado Alessandra Rapacci Mascarenhas
Published: October 2021

O artigo apresenta resultado de pesquisa majoritariamente qualitativa que visou investigar a seletividade penal nas prisões preventivas decretadas por furto em Salvador em 2018 e partiu do seguinte questionamento: quais os principais fatores considerados na fundamentação do juízo de periculosidade na decretação de prisões preventivas? Considera-se a hipótese de que, além da classe, o racismo é fator determinante para as autoridades judiciárias afirmarem a periculosidade do sujeito e decretarem prisões. Então, foi realizada análise de conteúdo das decisões proferidas nas audiências de custódia em Salvador/BA, constantes no banco de dados do relatório da Defensoria Pública do Estado da Bahia (DPE/BA, 2019), sob a perspectiva da criminologia crítica, associada à perspectiva racial da questão criminal. Por fim, foi possível observar que a reincidência foi o argumento predominantemente adotado para fundamentar os encarceramentos, bem como que, apesar de o fator racial não ter sido encontrado de forma expressa, as agências judiciais e policiais soteropolitanas funcionam em continuidade do controle colonial.
Le impugnazioni cautelari nel recente “attivismo” delle Sezioni unite della Corte di cassazione
Authors: Bargis Marta
Published: October 2021

Il saggio si occupa delle impugnazioni cautelari esaminandole da uno specifico angolo visuale, quello del bilanciamento fra le esigenze di celerità e la tutela del diritto di difesa dell’indagato e dell’imputato. A questo fine, vengono analizzate tre recenti decisioni delle Sezioni unite della Corte di cassazione, che documentano posizioni oscillanti della Suprema Corte e richiederebbero interpretazioni autentiche da parte del legislatore.