bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Connectivity of the Posterior Cingulum Is Related to Reexperiencing Symptoms in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Weis Carissa N. , Belleau Emily L. , Pedersen Walker S. , Miskovich Tara A. , Larson Christine L.
Published: October 2018

Posttraumatic stress disorder is a heterogeneous disorder with disturbances in hyperarousal or avoidance behaviors and intrusive or reexperiencing thoughts. The uncinate fasciculus and cingulum bundle are white matter pathways implicated in stress and trauma pathophysiology, yet their structural integrity related to posttraumatic stress disorder symptom domains is yet to be understood. Forty-four trauma-exposed young adults underwent structural and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Stress and trauma exposure indices and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were collected and used to predict current integrity of the uncinate fasciculus and cingulum bundle. Severity of reexperiencing posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms was significantly related to increased fractional anisotropy ( r = .469 p < .001) and decreased mean diffusivity ( r =  −.373, p = .013) of the right posterior cingulum bundle. No other findings emerged with respect to stress exposure or of hyperarousal ( p’s > 0.05) or avoidance ( p’s > 0.2) posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. The posterior cingulum connects medial temporal lobe structures with visual areas in the occipital lobe and has been implicated in visual memory and self-referential thought. Increased structural connectivity along this pathway may therefore explain the emergence of reexperiencing posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. This along with the lack of results with respect to stress exposure suggests that structural aberrations in white matter pathways are more strongly linked with the actual experience of stress-related psychological symptoms than just exposure to stress.
Circulating Levels of Osteopontin in Patients With Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kyriakou Aikaterini , Patsatsi Aikaterini , Galanis Nikiforos , Goulis Dimitrios G.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Both Th1 and Th17 have been proposed to be pathogenically essential in psoriasis. Osteopontin (OPN) is known to enhance Th1 responses, inhibit Th2 ones, and take part in the modulation of Th17 cell lineage. Due to its impact on Th1/Th17 immune responses, several reports have suggested that OPN may be of pathogenic importance in psoriasis. Our objective was to review the literature for studies that have assessed the circulating levels of OPN in psoriatic cases and controls and to meta-analyze the evidence obtainable.

Methods:

Search was performed in PubMed, Central, and Embase. Eligible were studies that have assessed OPN concentrations in patients with psoriasis and a group of reference.

Results:

Patients with psoriasis had increased OPN concentrations compared with controls (random-effects model, standardized mean difference: 1.58 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval: 0.90-2.26; P < .0001]). Heterogeneity among studies was high ( I2: 92.2%; P < .0001). The meta-regression analysis showed that the study quality (RTI score) reduced heterogeneity ( I2: 85.2%; P < .005), but not age, body mass index (BMI), Psoriasis Area Severity Index, or matching for BMI.

Conclusions:

This meta-analysis provided evidence that OPN is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, enlarging the list of cytokines able to stimulate the inflammatory response in this disease.
High treatment success rate for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis using a bedaquiline-containing treatment regimen
Authors: Ndjeka Norbert , Schnippel Kathryn , Master Iqbal , Meintjes Graeme , Maartens Gary , Romero Rodolfo , Padanilam Xavier , Enwerem Martin , Chotoo Sunitha , Singh Nalini , Hughes Jennifer , Variava Ebrahim , Ferreira Hannetjie , te Riele Julian , Ismail Nazir , Mohr Erika , Bantubani Nonkqubela , Conradie Francesca
Published: October 2018

South African patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and resistance to fluoroquinolones and/or injectable drugs (extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and preXDR-TB) were granted access to bedaquiline through a clinical access programme with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.

PreXDR-TB and XDR-TB patients were treated with 24 weeks of bedaquiline within an optimised, individualised background regimen that could include levofloxacin, linezolid and clofazimine as needed. 200 patients were enrolled: 87 (43.9%) had XDR-TB, 99 (49.3%) were female and the median age was 34 years (interquartile range (IQR) 27–42). 134 (67.0%) were living with HIV; the median CD4+count was 281 cells·μL−1(IQR 130–467) and all were on antiretroviral therapy.

16 out of 200 patients (8.0%) did not complete 6 months of bedaquiline: eight were lost to follow-up, six died, one stopped owing to side effects and one was diagnosed with drug-sensitive TB. 146 out of 200 patients (73.0%) had favourable outcomes: 139 (69.5%) were cured and seven (3.5%) completed treatment. 25 patients (12.5%) died, 20 (10.0%) were lost from treatment and nine (4.5%) had treatment failure. 22 adverse events were attributed to bedaquiline, including a QT interval corrected using the Fridericia formula (QTcF) >500 ms (n=5), QTcF increase >50 ms from baseline (n=11) and paroxysmal atrial flutter (n=1).

Bedaquiline added to an optimised background regimen was associated with a high rate of successful treatment outcomes for this preXDR-TB and XDR-TB cohort.
Phase Ib/II Study of Pembrolizumab and Pegylated-Interferon Alfa-2b in Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Davar Diwakar , Wang Hong , Chauvin Joe-Marc , Pagliano Ornella , Fourcade Julien J. , Ka Mignane , Menna Carmine , Rose Amy , Sander Cindy , Borhani Amir A. , Karunamurthy Arivarasan , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Tawbi Hussein A. , Zhao Qing , Moreno Blanca H. , Ebbinghaus Scott , Ibrahim Nageatte , Kirkwood John M. , Zarour Hassane M.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Objective responses are reported in 34% to 37% of patients with programmed death-1 (PD-1)–naïve advanced melanoma treated with PD-1 inhibitors. Pre-existing CD8+ T-cell infiltrate and interferon (IFN) gene signature correlate with response to PD-1 blockade. Here, we report a phase Ib/II study of pembrolizumab/pegylated (PEG)-IFN combination in PD-1–naïve advanced melanoma.

Patients and Methods

PEG-IFN (1, 2, and 3 μg/kg per week) was dose escalated using a modified toxicity probability interval design in three cohorts of four patients each, whereas pembrolizumab was dosed at 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks in the phase Ib portion. Thirty-one patients were enrolled in the phase II portion. Primary objectives were safety and incidence of dose-limiting toxicities. Secondary objectives included objective response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival.

Results

Forty-three patients with stage IV melanoma were enrolled in the phase Ib and II portions of the study and included in the analysis. At the data cutoff date (December 31, 2017), median follow-up duration was 25 months (range, 1 to 38 months). All 43 patients experienced at least one adverse event; grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 21 of 43 patients (48.8%). Objective responses were seen at all three dose levels among 43 evaluable patients. The objective response rate was 60.5%, with 46.5% of patients exhibiting ongoing response. Median PFS was 11.0 months in all patients and unreached in responders, whereas median overall survival remained unreached in all patients. The 2-year PFS rate was 46%.

Conclusion

Pembrolizumab/PEG-IFN demonstrated an acceptable toxicity profile with promising evidence of clinical efficacy in PD-1–naïve metastatic melanoma. These results support the rationale to further investigate this pembrolizumab/PEG-IFN combination in this disease.
An attempt to select non-genetic variation in resistance to starvation and reduced chill coma recovery time in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Menezes Bianca F. , Salces-Ortiz Judit , Muller Heloïse , Burlet Nelly , Martinez Sonia , Fablet Marie , Vieira Cristina
Published: October 2018

Phenotypic variance is attributed to genetic and non-genetic factors, and only the former are supposed to be inherited and thus suitable for the action of selection. Although increasing amounts of data suggest that non-genetic variability may be inherited, we have limited empirical data in animals. Here, we performed an artificial selection experiment using Drosophila melanogaster inbred lines. We quantified the response to selection for a decrease in chill coma recovery time and an increase in starvation resistance. We observed a weak response to selection in the inbred and outbred lines, with variability across lines. At the end of the selection process, differential expression was detected for some genes associated with epigenetics, the piRNA pathway and canalization functions. As the selection process can disturb the canalization process and increase the phenotypic variance of developmental traits, we also investigated possible effects of the selection process on the number of scutellar bristles, fluctuating asymmetry levels, and fitness estimates. These results suggest that, contrary to what was shown in plants, selection of non-genetic variability is not straightforward in Drosophila and appears to be strongly genotype-dependent.
Evidence for an Upper Threshold for Resistance Training Volume in Trained Women
Authors: BARBALHO MATHEUS , COSWIG VICTOR SILVEIRA , STEELE JAMES , FISHER JAMES P. , PAOLI ANTONIO , GENTIL PAULO
Published: October 2018

Introduction

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of different volumes of resistance training (RT) on muscle performance and hypertrophy in trained women.

Methods

The study included 40 volunteers that performed RT for 24 wk divided into groups that performed 5 (G5), 10 (G10), 15 (G15), and 20 (G20) sets per muscle group per session. Ten-repetition maximum (10RM) tests were performed for the bench press, lat pulldown, 45° leg press, and stiff-legged deadlift. Muscle thickness (MT) was measured using ultrasound at biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectoralis major, quadriceps femoris, and gluteus maximus.

Results

All groups significantly increased all MT measures and 10RM tests after 24 wk of RT (P < 0.05). Between-group comparisons revealed no differences in any 10RM test between G5 and G10 (P > 0.05). G5 and G10 showed significantly greater 10RM increases than G15 for lat pulldown, leg press, and stiff-legged deadlift. 10RM changes for G20 were lower than all other groups for all exercises (P < 0.05). G5 and G10 showed significantly greater MT increases than G15 and G20 in all sites (P < 0.05). MT increased more in G15 than G20 in all sites (P < 0.05). G5 increases were higher than G10 for pectoralis major MT, whereas G10 showed higher increases in quadriceps MT than G5 (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Five to 10 sets per week might be sufficient for attaining gains in muscle size and strength in trained women during a 24-wk RT program. There appears no further benefit by performing higher exercise volumes. Because lack of time is a commonly cited barrier to exercise adoption, our data support RT programs that are less time consuming, which might increase participation and adherence.
Entrepreneurship types and internationalization in entrepreneurship learning
Authors: Elenurm Tiit
Published: October 2018

Ettevõtlusõpet on vaja kohandada eri sihtrühmadele: neile, kes on juba loonud ettevõtte, asuvad õppeprotsessis ettevõtet looma, kavatsevad vahetult peale õpinguid ettevõtte luua või võivad enda ettevõtluspädevust rakendada kaugemas tulevikus. Artikli eesmärk on ettevõtluse olemuse tõlgendustest ja ettevõtlus tüüpide võrdlusest lähtudes ning Eesti ettevõtluse rahvusvahelistumise perspektiive arvestades pakkuda välja ettevõtlustüüpide liigitus, mis hõlmaks eri sihtrühmade õpivajadusi ja õpitulemuste rakendamise võimalusi eeskätt kõrghariduses. Ettevõtlusõppe kohandamisel sihtrühmade vajaduste järgi tuleb arvestada ettevõtluse rahvus vahelistumise võimalusi, innovaatilisusest ja kasvuambitsioonist lähtuvaid piiriülese võrgustumise vajadusi, iseseisva ja organisatsioonisisese ettevõtluse konteksti, ettevõtlustüübist sõltuvat ressursibaasi ning individuaalset ja koosloovat ettevõtlusorientatsiooni. Niisama tähtis on õppija kui potentsiaalse või juba tegutseva ettevõtja arengurada, tema valmisolek tegevuse kaudu õppida ja avatud e-õppes osaleda.
 Summary
The effect of extracurricular entrepreneurship training programs on students’ ability and creativity beliefs and social skills
Authors: Arro Grete , Malleus Elina , Jaani Juta , Olvik Anu
Published: October 2018

Ettevõtlikkuse ja ettevõtluspädevuse toetamiseks on loodud mitmeid programme (Junior Achievementi õpilasfirmade programm, ettevõtlusteater, ettevõtlike koolide võrgustik, ettevõtlusõppe valikaine), mis on eri rõhuasetusega ning milles kasutatakse eri meetodeid. Seetõttu on oluline kirjeldada programmide tähendust ja erisusi ettevõtlikkuspädevuse arendamise kontekstis. Artiklis võetakse vaatluse alla enamik Eesti ettevõtlusprogramme, käsitledes neid vähe uuritud perspektiivist: milline on programmide mõju arenguuskumustele ning sotsiaalsetele oskustele? Uuringu valimisse kuuluvad üldhariduskoolide 8. klasside õpilased, kes kas osalevad (sekkumisgrupp, N = 198) või ei osale ettevõtlusõppe programmides (kontrollgrupp, N = 125). Õppijaid hinnatakse arenguuskumuste ja enesehinnanguliste sotsiaalsete oskuste alusel enne ja pärast ettevõtlusõppe programmis osalemist. Tulemused viitavad, et arenguuskumustes ja enesehinnangulistes sotsiaalsetes oskustes ei ilmne erinevusi ei enne ega pärast programmis osalemist, eri programmide ega sekkumis- ja kontrollgrupi vahel. Samuti ei ilmne eri võimekusega õpilaste rühmade vahel uuritud näitajate puhul statistiliselt olulisi erinevusi. Üks võimalik selgitus tulemustele on, et motivatsiooni või sotsiaalsete oskustega seotud alapädevusi ei teadvustata ettevõtluspädevuse osana. Tulemused osutavad võimalustele, kuidas saaks ettevõtlusprogrammide õpetajaid ja õppijaid senisest veelgi paremini toetada, näiteks aidates ettevõtlikkuspädevust alapädevuste kaupa mõtestada.
 Summary
Principals’ utilization of external stakeholders in entrepreneurship education – Evidence from the general education
Authors: Hämäläinen Minna , Ruskovaara Elena , Pihkala Timo
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this article is to examine the principals’ networking activities in entrepreneurship education. In this study, we are interested in the principals’ actions, when they aim at developing entrepreneurship education in their schools. More precisely, the focus is on how principals utilize external stakeholders in the school context. Our motivation for conducting this study is based on the assumption that while there are external stakeholders supporting entrepreneurship education, principals and their schools are not fully utilizing them. We suggest that the use of external stakeholders may be related to the personal characteristics of the principals, and therefore we examine if or how the background characteristicsof the principals explain their use of external stakeholders. Furthermore, we aim at understanding how principals’ participation in entrepreneurship education related training explains the level of use of external stakeholders. As a method, analysis of variance and a linear regression analysis are used. The sample consists of 173 Finnish principals working in general education2. This article contributes to entrepreneurship education literature by analysis of external network resources in entrepreneurship education. We also pinpoint the role of the principal in this process. The article also provides empirical evidence on the importance of principals’ training for utilizing external stakeholders in entrepreneurship education.
Analyzing Bank Overdraft Fees with Big Data
Authors: Liu Xiao , Montgomery Alan , Srinivasan Kannan
Published: October 2018

In 2012, consumers paid $32 billion in overdraft fees, representing the single largest source of revenue for banks from demand deposit accounts during this period. Owing to consumer attrition caused by overdraft fees and potential government regulations to reform these fees, financial institutions have become motivated to investigate their overdraft fee structures. Banks need to balance the revenue generated from overdraft fees with consumer dissatisfaction and potential churn caused by these fees. However, no empirical research has been conducted to explain consumer responses to overdraft fees or to evaluate alternative pricing strategies associated with these fees. In this research, we propose a dynamic structural model with consumer monitoring costs and dissatisfaction associated with overdraft fees. We apply the model to an enterprise-level data set of more than 500,000 accounts with a history of 450 days, providing a total of 200 million transactions. We find that consumers heavily discount the future and potentially overdraw because of impulsive spending. However, we also find that high monitoring costs hinder consumers’ effort to track their balance accurately; consequently, consumers may overdraw because of rational inattention. The large data set is necessary because of the infrequent nature of overdrafts; however, it also engenders computational challenges, which we address by using parallel computing techniques. Our policy simulations show that alternative pricing strategies may increase bank revenue and improve consumer welfare. Fixed bill schedules and overdraft waiver programs may also enhance social welfare. This paper explains consumer responses to overdraft fees and evaluates alternative pricing strategies associated with these fees.

The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2018.1106 .
Branch-and-Price–Based Algorithms for the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Dellaert Nico , Dashty Saridarq Fardin , Van Woensel Tom , Crainic Teodor Gabriel
Published: October 2018

This paper studies the two-echelon capacitated vehicle routing problem with time windows. The first echelon consists of transferring freight from depots to intermediate facilities (i.e., satellites), whereas the second echelon consists of transferring freight from these facilities to the final customers, within their time windows. We propose two path-based mathematical formulations for our problem: (1) in one formulation, paths are defined over both first- and second-echelon tours, and (2) in the other one, the first- and second-echelon paths are decomposed. Branch-and-price–based algorithms are developed for both formulations. We compare both formulations and solution methods on a comprehensive set of instances and are able to solve instances up to five satellites and 100 customers to optimality. This paper is the first paper in the literature that solves such large instance sizes.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0844 .
Identifying and assessing the needs of carers of patients with palliative care needs: an exploratory study
Authors: Henderson Amanda , Vaz Helen , Virdun Claudia
Published: October 2018

Background:

Carers of patients with palliative care needs require careful assessment and support to undertake their role effectively. The carer component of palliative care is embedded in complex situations that necessarily focus on the patient.

Aims:

To explore experiences of specialist palliative care nurses in identifying, assessing and planning care to support those looking after patients with palliative care needs.

Results:

Findings identified gaps in identifying carers and their role, and in assessing carers' needs.

Conclusions:

This study confirmed the complexity in assessing carers' needs within the palliative care context, that practice gaps exist and positive outcomes result when routine processes were adopted. Future research should explore how to systematically make improvements in supporting carers in all palliative care contexts, including specialist and non-specialist settings.
Novel Stress Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation of Ertugliflozin and Sitagliptin in Bulk and its Formulation
Authors: China Babu D. , Chetty C. Madhusudhana , Mastanamma S. K.
Published: October 2018

A selective, sensitive RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Ertugliflozin (ETR) and Sitagliptin (SGT) in bulk and its dosage form. The separation and determination was carried on water’s C18 column capacitate (250X4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size), retention times of Ertugliflozin and Sitagliptin were found to be 2.39 and 4.60 min respectively. The wavelength was fixed at 215nm with PDA detection. The mobile phase was consisted mixture of 0.5 mM potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate buffer: Methanol in the ratio of 55:45 v/v, pH 5.3 was adjusted with HCl and flow of mobile phase was maintained 1mL/min. The calibration curve was linear and regression co-efficient (R2) value found to be 0.999 and concentration ranging from 37.5-112.5 and 250-750 µg/mL for Ertugliflozin & Sitagliptin respectively. The quantization limit and detection limit of the method were found 0.1 & 0.3 µg/ml and 0.4&1µg/ml for Ertugliflozin & Sitagliptin.
Synergistic Effect Between Gum Exudates of Eucalyptus Globles and 2,6-Diphenyl-3-Methylpiperidin-4-one on Corrosion Inhibition of MS in 1N HCl
Authors: S. Dheenadhayalan , R. Roja , V. Nijarubini , J Mallika
Published: October 2018

Gum exudates of eucalyptus globles (GEG) was identified as green inhibitor for MS dissolution in 1N HCl using gravimetric method at 303-323K. Efficiency of GEG was synergistically increased with addition of 2,6-diphenyl-3methyl-piperidin-4-one (3MDPP). The binary combination of GEG and 3MDPP shows maximum inhibition potency and their Sθ value is >1 indicating that synergism exists between GEG and 3MDPP. Mechanism of inhibition of inhibitors on MS is physisorption and it obeys Langmuir’s isotherm. Polarization and impedance measurements confirm that inhibitors act as mixed type.
Novel Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives as Potential Antimalarial Agents through Receptor–Inhibitor Interaction Fingerprint and Biosynthesis Design
Authors: Rosmalena Rosmalena , D. Prasasty Vivitri , Hanafi Muhammad
Published: October 2018

Malaria parasites have become the major health threat in increasing resistance toward common antimalarial drugs and become prime factors causing the strength of the disease. The objective of this study was investigating novel cinchona alkaloid derivatives (CADs) as potential antimalarial agents through molecular docking, pharmacopore modeling and biosynthesis design. Protein structure and cinchona alkaloid derivative structures were taken and performed for molecular interaction studies, pharmacophore modeling and mapping the binding modes of receptor-inhibitors which may increase the possibility of success rate in finding potential antimalarial candidates. Here, we report the greatest prospective inhibitor of Pf falcipain-2 is cinchonidine salicylate (-9.1 kcal/mol) through molecular docking approach. This compound exhibited distortion free of Lipinski`s rule. Hence, cinchonidine salicylate showed the most potential compound as antimalarial inhibitor over other cinchona alkaloid derivatives. Eventually, we construct biosynthesis pathways by using iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) that could act as a coated nanoparticle to the natural bioactives to acquire optimum yield of the product by making coated nanoparticle with CADs which are powerful biosynthesis application in green environment of aqueous solution.
Diversity of Flower Visiting Insects in Dry Grasslands and Vineyards Close to the City of Vienna with Special Focus on Wild Bees.
Authors: Rasran Leonid , Diener Alexander , Pachinger Baerbel , Bernhardt Karl-Georg
Published: October 2018

Interactions between flower visiting insects and nectar resp. pollen producing plants belong to the most relevant in terrestrial ecosystems. Their diversity and dominance relationship are important indicators for the stability and functionality of ecosystems and belong to the high ranking ecosystem services. Potential pollinators should be strongly concerned especially regarding anthropogenic impacts on habitats. We studied the diversity and quantities of flower visiting insects with special focus on wild bees (Apiformes) in two locations near the city of Vienna (Austria). Insect sampling occurred in May until July 2015 every two weeks parallel to the vegetation surveys incl. records of the cover of flowering plants. In each location patches of semi-natural grassland as well as flowering strips within vineyards were investigated. We found a significant correlation between the number of insects or insect taxa (especially for Hymenoptera) and the current flower cover. In some cases flowering strips in vineyards harbor higher numbers of insects and higher diversity of bee species than the semi-natural grassland due to temporarily higher values of flower cover. However, grassland patches provide a much more constant supply with nectar producing plants replacing each other in their flowering phase during the season. In contrast, flowering strips are often dominated by one or a few short-lived sown plants, which is of advantage for some oligolectic bees specialized on Brassicaceae or Fabaceae. Flowering strips within organically farmed vineyards are more similar to semi-natural grassland regarding the diversity of flower visiting insects than to conventional farmed vineyards.
The Colour and the Shape: Morphological Variation on a Facultatively Eusocial Bee Augochlora (Augochlora) amphitrite (Schrottky)
Authors: Lepeco Anderson , Gonçalves Rodrigo Barbosa
Published: October 2018

Augochlorine bees exhibit a large array of foraging and social behaviors, nest substrates and architecture. The huge diversity of behaviors is frequently linked with morphological traits. All levels of variation should be analyzed in order to provide a broader view of evoluton. Augochlora (Augochlora) amphitrite Schrottky occurs from northern of Argentina to southeastern of Brazil. The species nests in decaying wood and is facultatively eusocial. Color variation and head polymorphism were already mentioned in the literature and the main goal of the present paper is to evaluate the morphological variation of the species. For this purpose, we examined 720 specimens and carried out qualitative and quantitative analyses with traditional morphometrics. Other 25 Augochlora species were studied and we propose a revised diagnosis for A. amphitrite. A remarkable color variation is described, there are three morphs: green, dark blue, and black. There are no geographical patterns linked with the color variation. We propose that Odontochlora lethe Schrottky and Odontochlora styx Schrottky are junior synonyms of Odontochlora amphitrite Schrottky. Those names refer to black male and female occurring within A. amphitrite distribution. There is a continuous variation on size and shape of head. Again, we do not fi nd any relation of morphology with distribution. Besides gena swelling, the adductor ridge of mandible is strongly developed on macrocephalic females. Due variations showed, A. amphitrite is a bee candidate to be a model for studies to link morphology, function and behavior.
Impact of Point-of-Care Diagnostics on Clinical Decision-making in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: DeLuca Andrea , Betz Joshua , Bollinger Robert , Ray Stuart C , Manabe Yukari C
Published: October 2018

Background

Rapid tests have transformed the landscape of available tools for clinicians caring for patients who are critically ill. Their emergence as part of routine care increases the capacity for similar devices to reverse or minimize major epidemics and assist healthcare providers in their clinical decision-making. To assess how a point-of-care complete blood count (CBC) could change patterns in clinical decision-making, we presented low and middle income (LMIC) healthcare providers with hypothetical clinical scenarios to understand how such a device could impact the way they treat and refer patients.

Methods

Our survey asked about current use of CBC results, and then presented three separate scenarios that occur in LMICs. Survey respondents were queried about how they might change hospitalization plans and/or mediations based on point-of-care CBC results.

Results

In all three scenarios, a majority of clinicians were likely to modify the way they triage patients based on real-time results.

Conclusion

Our survey demonstrates that a point-of-care CBC diagnostic could change the way providers in resource-limited settings treat and refer critically ill patients. All hypothetical clinical scenarios describe common, urgent case presentations that can occur at any level of a health system in resource-limited settings. Rapid, simple and accessible technology for basic lab tests like CBC could impact patient care in low and middle-income countries by providing health care workers with actionable data with the potential to affect patient-centered outcomes.
Incidence of Myelodysplastic Syndromes in a Major Canadian Metropolitan Area
Authors: Slack Jonathan , Nguyen Leonard , Naugler Christopher , Rashid-Kolvear Fariborz
Published: October 2018

Background

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal stem cell disorders that can progress to acute myeloid leukemia. In many regions of the world, the epidemiology of MDS is poorly described. This study determines the crude incidence of MDS in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, with new cases diagnosed using the revised 2008 WHO criteria.

Methods

For the study period of January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015, incident cases of MDS were identified from a centralized database maintained by Calgary Laboratory Services' Cancer Cytogenetics Laboratory, which receives and analyzes patient bone marrow samples from southern Alberta.

Results

The Calgary metropolitan area had a total incidence rate of 2.60 MDS cases per 100000 person years, corresponding to an age-standardized incidence of 3.69 for Canada. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1.35, and the median age at diagnosis was 75 years. With these results, 1295 new annual cases of MDS were predicted in Canada.

Conclusions

The reported incidence rate, sex, and age distribution were consistent with data around the world including several developing nations. This is the first study to provide information regarding the epidemiology of MDS within Canada.
“Rainbow Draws” in the Emergency Department: Clinical Utility and Staff Perceptions
Authors: Snozek Christine L H , Hernandez James S , Traub Stephen J
Published: October 2018

Background

Collecting a predefined set of blood tubes (the “rainbow draw”) is a common but controversial practice in many emergency departments (EDs), with limited data to support it. We determined the actual utilization of rainbow draw tubes at a single facility and evaluated the perceptions of ED staff regarding the utility of rainbow draws.

Methods

We analyzed 2 weeks of ED visits (1326 visits by 1240 unique patients) to determine blood tube utilization for initial and add-on testing, as well as the incidence of additional venipunctures. We also surveyed ED staff regarding aspects of ED phlebotomy and test ordering. Utilization data analysis was structured to satisfy specific concerns addressed in the ED staff survey.

Results

Observed tube utilization data showed that fluoride/oxalate, citrate, and serum separator tubes were frequently discarded unused, and that the actual utility of the rainbow draw for add-on testing and avoiding additional venipunctures was low. ED staff perceived that the rainbow draw was highly valuable, both to expedite add-on testing and to avoid additional venipunctures. Contrasting the objective (utilization data) and subjective (survey results) to drive changes in the standard ED blood collection reduced the estimated waste blood by 175 L/year.

Conclusions

Comparison of perceptions and objective utilization data drove process changes that were mutually agreeable to ED and laboratory staff. Although specifics of ED and laboratory work flows vary between institutions, the principles and strategy of this study are widely applicable.
Child Neglect
Authors: Sudiyanto Sudiyanto
Published: October 2018

Child neglect refers to failure to provide children's fundamental needs. In contrast to child abuse, which implies active negative conduct, child neglect means something passive. Child neglect may take a variety of forms including medical, physical, safety, sexual, educational, and emotional neglects. The neglects may manifest themselves as conditions reflecting the improper provision of child's needs. It should always borne in mind that child neglect is almost invariably resulted from complex process which has been influenced by family history, individual characteristics of the parents and children, social and environmental circumstances, and medical problems. Its management, therefore, should be thoroughly administered, and should involve many aspects and all parties in a team effort. The prevention of child neglect should include formal and informal education of the rights of the child.
Recurrence of Febrile Convulsions
Authors: Soetomenggolo Taslim S
Published: October 2018

During two years, 92 patients who experienced first febrile convulsion were followed-up in the Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta for at least one year. Of the 92 patients 58 (63%) were males and 34 (37%) females. Most of the patients were less than 4 years, and only 6 patients (6,5%) aged more than 4 years. Eight (8, 7%) of the 92 patients suffered from recurrence of febrile convulsions, and in 5 of them the recurrence occurred within the first 6 months of follow-up. The recurrences of febrile convulsions occurred mostly in patients less than one year of age, those with tonic seizures, those with neurological disorders, and those who had history of epilepsy in their family. In this study the occurrence of recurrent febrile convulsions in patients with normal EEG was higher than that in patients with abnormal EEG.
Diagnosis and Management of Brain Tumors in Children
Authors: Soetomenggolo Taslim S. , Pusponegoro Hardiono , Passat Jimmy , Widodo Dwi Putro , Ismael Sofyan
Published: October 2018

Brain tumors are the second most common malignancy and the most common solid tumors found in childhood. During 11 months 19 patients with brain tumors were hospitalized at the Department of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusurno Hospital, Jakarta, 10 of them were males. The youngest patient was 5 months old and the oldest was 13 years old. The important signs and symptoms in establishing diagnosis were the non-localizing signs and symptoms, i.e., nausea and vomiting. The most frequent localizing signs and symptoms were papilledema, cranial nerves palsy, ataxia and incoordination, hemiparesis, visual disturbances, and optic atrophy. Focal seizures were rare.

Most of the tumors were in infratentorial region, and metastatic tumors were rare. The mortality of this series was high due to the severity of the disease. The most frequent of tumors are astrocytomas and medulloblastomas.
Surgery in Perinatology
Authors: Halimun E. M.
Published: October 2018

Although modem neonatal surgery is a very young subject, it started only after the second world war, the progress is remarkable. The well intergrated interdisciplinary team among pediatric surgeons, pediatricians, neonatologits, anaesthetists, and other relevant specialists made this progress possible. Neonatal surgrey has been influenced by the advances in prenatal diagnosis. Neonatal surgical emergencies are related to perinatal conditions such as better antenatal care, including ultrasonogram examination, encourage the high risk pregnant women to deliver at pediatric/perinatal centers where obstetricians, pediatricians or neonatologist, pediatric surgeon, anesthetist are working as a team. Prenatal diagnosis has been one of the most challenging aspects in perinatology, and may directly related to the task of the pediatric surgeons to salvage certain type of malformations. Some experience of perinatal surgery is also discussed.
Peran Kolostrum sebagai Oral Care pada Bayi Prematur
Authors: Faisal Fetria , Roeslani Rosalina D
Published: October 2018

Latar belakang. Kolostrum dari ibu yang melahirkan bayi prematur memiliki kadar faktor protektif yang lebih tinggi sehingga dapat menurunkan kejadian infeksi dibandingkan bayi prematur dengan yang tidak mendapatkan kolostrum. Tujuan. Studi ini dilakukan dengan membandingkan pemberian kolostrum dari ibu yang melahirkan bayi prematur dengan yang tanpa pemberian kolostrum melalui sebuah laporan kasus berbasis bukti yang diperoleh dari telaah sistematis.Metode. Penelusuran pustaka database elektronik, yaitu Pubmed, Cochrane, Highwire dengan kata kunci oropharyngeal”, “AND” “colostrum”, ”AND” “pretermHasil. Penelusuran awal literatur dengan metode tersebut diperoleh 28 artikel dan 4 artikel yang terpilih kemudian menjalani telaah kritis untuk menentukan apakah artikel tersebut sahih, penting dan dapat diterapkan pada pasien. Level of evidence ditentukan berdasarkan klasifikasi yang dikeluarkan oleh Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. Kesimpulan. Berdasarkan bukti ilmiah yang diperoleh, pemberian kolostrum melalui mukosa orofaring dapat menjadi alternatif terapi imun yang aman dan berpotensi menurunkan kejadian infeksi.
Soluções crioprotetoras na conservação de sementes de orquídea estrela e orquídea bambu em nitrogênio líquido
Authors: Baudraz de Paula Jean Carlo , Bertoncelli Douglas Junior , Alves Guilherme Augusto Cito , Men Gabriel Barraca , Mathias Tatiana Fattori , De Faria Ricardo Tadeu
Published: October 2018

An alternative for the conservation of orchid species threatened with extinction is the seeds preservation for long periods by cryopreservation. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of cryogenic solutions on the orchids Epidendrum radicans and Arundina bambusifolia seeds cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen. Seven treatments were performed: 0.4 M sucrose; 2 M glycerol; PVS1; PVS2; PVS3; PVS2 + 1% phloroglucinol and the control. After liquid nitrogen removal, half of the seeds were subjected to tetrazolium test, and another half was in vitro cultured. After 30 days seed germination was evaluated. There was no significant difference between A. bambusifolia and E. radicans in tetrazolium test and seeds germination. On the other hand, it was observed that in A. bambusifolia tetrazolium and seed germination tests the solutions of PVS1, PVS2, PVS2 + 1% phloroglucinol showed the best results. E. radicans seeds with 4% water content cryopreservation does not require the use of cryoprotectant. On the other hand, cryoprotectant´s use resulted in positive effect in maintenance and viability preservation of A. bambusifolia seeds. PVS1, PVS2 and PVS2 + 1% phloroglucinol showed best seeds survival rates after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen.
INSTRUMENTATION OF FOUR-POINT BENDING TEST DURING 4D COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Kytýř Daniel , Fíla Tomáš , Koudelka Petr , Kumpová Ivana , Vopálenský Michal , Vavro Leona , Vavro Martin
Published: October 2018

High-resolution time-lapse micro-focus X-ray computed tomography is an effective method for investigation of deformation processes on volumetric basis including fracture propagation characteristics of non-homogeneous materials subjected to mechanical loading. This experimental method requires implementation of specifically designed loading devices to X-ray imaging setups. In case of bending tests, our background research showed that no commercial solution allowing for reliable investigation of so called fracture process zone in quasi-brittle materials is currently available. Thus, this paper is focused on description of recently developed in-situ four-point bending loading device and its instrumentation for testing of quasi-brittle materials. Proof of concept together with the pilot experiments were successfully performed in a CT scanner TORATOM. Based on results of the pilot experiments, we demonstrate that crack development and propagation in a quasi-brittle material can be successfully observed in 3D using high resolution 4D micro-CT under loading.
UTILIZATION OF IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR ASSESSMENT OF BUILT HERITAGE CONDITION
Authors: Koudelka Petr , Koudelková Veronika , Doktor Tomáš , Kumpová Ivana , Kytýř Daniel , Valach Jaroslav
Published: October 2018

Historical buildings represent invaluable heritage from the past and therefore their protection is a very important task. Assessment of their condition must not cause damage accumulation, thus the least possible volume removed from the structure is essential. As many historical buildings in the Czech Republic are built using sandstone that can be considered as a typical heterogeneous system, statistical signal processing is a promising approach for determination of the representative volume element (RVE) dimensions. Such calculations can be carried out on the domain of logical arrays representing binary images of the materials microstructure. This paper deals with processing of image data obtained using SEM-BSE and high resolution flatbed scanner for determination of RVE dimensions. Advanced image processing techniques are employed and results from calculation using grayscale data are presented and compared with results calculated on the basis of color input images.
Lessons learned from an entrepreneurial career in workforce learning
Authors: Clark Ruth
Published: October 2018

Excerpt: Life and TradeoffsWhen I returned from a three-week tour of Spain, a good friend asked: “How did you like traveling on a tour rather than on your own?” My response reflected one of my life’s lessons learned: “It was a tradeoff. From La Familia Sangrada to the local saffron farm, we were able to experience the unique wonders of Spain in a short time period. No waiting in line to get tickets. No getting lost. No unpleasant surprises. On the other hand, if you wanted to sleep in later or spend another day in a place you loved—too bad.” In short, like many of life’s decisions and paths, there were tradeoffs.Just as there is no one set of instructional methods that are universally effective for all learners in all contexts, likewise the paths I have taken are not necessarily routes and decisions that will work best for you. [Download the full-text and read more...]
Nachhaltigkeitsforschung und Erkenntnistheorie: Auslassungen der Transformationsdebatte
Authors: Ekardt Felix
Published: October 2018

Reaktion auf einige Beiträge in GAIA zum Thema Transformative Wissenschaft
Energiedemokratie durch Bürgerenergie? Die Grenzen finanzieller Bürgerbeteiligung
Authors: Radtke Jörg
Published: October 2018

Reaktion auf A.Biesecker und U. vonWinterfeld in GAIA 25/1(2016): Wie regenerativ ist die Energiewende tatsächlich?
Zemsta matką sprawiedliwości. Wergeld (główszczyzna) w Prusach Krzyżackich i Prusach Książęcych.
Authors: Białuński Grzegorz
Published: October 2018

W świecie cywilizacji tradycyjnej (barbarzyńskiej) wymiar sprawiedliwości był realizowany w drodze samopomocy, tzw. wróżdy (legalnej zemsty rodowej, germ. faida). Zemsta musiała mieć charakter jawny i stanowiła wręcz obowiązek wszystkich współrodowców, oczywiście spośród ludziwolnych. Legalność wróżdy wypływała również z jej sakralnego charakteru (stąd „święty” lub „honorowy obowiązek”). Celem wróżdy było zatem takżeprzebłaganie bóstw poprzez złożenie ofi ary z przestępcy. Ubocznym efektem wróżdy były krwawe i wyniszczające wojny wewnętrzne, stąd z czasem wraz ze wzmocnieniem władzy zwierzchniej starano się ją wyrugować, a przynajmniej zastąpić zapłatą prywatnej kary, tzw.opłatą kompozycyjną, czyli główszczyzną (w świecie germańskim zwaną wergeldem).
Wokół przygotowań do wydania „Praktyki Kryminalnej to jest wzoru rozważnego y porządnego spraw kryminalnych sądzenia” Jakuba Czechowicza w 1746/1747 roku
Authors: Kitowski Piotr
Published: October 2018

Minęło już 65 lat od ukazania się podstawowej pracy na temat "Praktyki Kryminalnej to jest wzoru rozważnego y porządnego spraw kryminalnych sądzenia Jakuba Czechowicza", pióra Zbigniewa Zdrójkowskiego. Zdrójkowski naświetlił większość z możliwych do ustalenia faktów z jego życia (życie rodzinne, wykształcenie, kariera w magistracie, twórczość, okoliczności śmierci). Jednocześnie, podkreślić należy, że wykorzystał przy tym prawie wszystkie, znane nam źródła (przede wszystkim akta miejskie Chełmna, akta parafi alne, informacje zawarte w treści obu prac Czechowicza).Może to tłumaczyć brak innych, szczegółowych studiów nad losami chełmińskiego prawoznawcy, co do których jednak mamy nadal wiele wątpliwości, w części – z racji luk w pruskim materiale źródłowym – nie do wypełnienia.
Podstawy praw człowieka w Deklaracji Praw Wirginii w świetle myśli Johna Locke’a
Authors: Tomczyk Piotr
Published: October 2018

W historii praw człowieka Deklaracja Praw Wirginii z 1776 r. zajmuje szczególne miejsce. Jest to pierwszy dokument konstytucyjny, kodyﬁ kujący uprawnienia przysługujące każdemu człowiekowi z samej racji bycia istotą ludzką. W akcie tym dokonuje się przejście praw człowieka ze sfery myśli i idei do sfery konstytuującej ustrój państwowy.
Artykuł recenzyjny „Słownika historii doktryn politycznych” wydanego przez Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, w sześciu tomach w latach 1997–2016
Authors: Sylwestrzak Andrzej
Published: October 2018

Tom 1, litery A–C, pod red. M. Jaskólskiego, Warszawa 1997, ss. 457;Tom 2, litery D–H, pod red. M. Jaskólskiego, Warszawa 1999, ss. 473;Tom 3, litery I–Ł, pod red. M. Jaskólskiego, Warszawa 2009, ss. 660;Tom 4, litery M–Q, pod red. K. Chojnickiej i M. Jaskólskiego, Warszawa 2009, ss. 798;Tom 5, litery R–Ś, pod red. K. Chojnickiej i M. Jaskólskiego, Warszawa 2012, ss. 789;Tom 6, litery T–Ź, pod red. K. Chojnickiej i M. Jaskólskiego, Warszawa 2016, ss. 788
Cenzura polityczna wobec karykatury. Doświadczenia francuskie II połowy XVIII i pierwszej połowy XIX wieku. Przyczynek do walki o wolność słowa
Authors: Sobczak Jacek
Published: October 2018

Caricature is one of the forms of artistic expression and it has a similar role to satire. Consequently, some people consider caricature to be one of the forms of satire. Caricature has its origins in ancient times. The history of caricature is illustrated by political changes that civilization experienced. The administrative authorities attempted to fight caricature in numerous countries and France was one of them. This process is a part of the history of censorship that began in Roman times. Afterwards, it developed further during the Christian period of the Middle Ages until the 19th century. Unfortunately, this procedure is present in certain areas even today. The most interesting solutions were the ones adoptedin France. Moreover, it is worth noting that the phenomenon of institutionalization of censorship was not the only characteristic element in France. There were also censorship bodies present in the country despite the formal constitutional declarations of freedom of speech.
W cieniu zbrodni i występków. O ostatniej kodyfikacji prawa wykroczeń w Polsce. W związku z książką Marcina Łysko Prace nad kodyfikacją materialnego prawa wykroczeń w Polsce Ludowej (1960-1971) [Wyd. Temida2, Białystok 2016, ss. 351]
Authors: Lityński Adam
Published: October 2018

W cieniu zbrodni i występków. O ostatniej kodyfikacji prawa wykroczeń w Polsce. W związku z książką Marcina Łysko. Prace nad kodyfikacją materialnego prawa wykroczeń w Polsce Ludowej (1960-1971) [Wyd. Temida2, Białystok 2016, ss. 351] - artykuł recenzyjny