bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How the prohibition of torture under human rights law applies to nursing
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: June 2021

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, considers the prohibition of torture under Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (1950) and why it is relevant to nursing
It's time to change the way we work
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: June 2021

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, reflects on how the pandemic has changed work practices and suggests that refocusing priorities can not only improve staff wellbeing but also productivity and competition
Improvement of star identification algorithms using a database generation method based on spatial correlation of stars
Authors: Aminoroaya Hamid , Rashidi Ali Jabar , Noori Mohammad
Published: June 2021

A star tracker, in lost-in-space (LIS) and tracking operation modes, applies an accurate algorithm in the star identification phase. The pattern-matching-based star identification algorithms apply patterns to search a prebuilt database. By applying this newly proposed database, it is possible to apply many LIS algorithms in the LIS and tracking modes. Modifying accurate LIS mode algorithms through this proposed method and applying them in the tracking mode would improve reliability, accuracy, and speed. The simulation results indicate that this proposed approach would reduce the search time for all applied algorithms by a tens factor based on the algorithm’s specifications.
Depth estimation using spectrally varying defocus blur
Authors: Ishihara Shin , Sulc Antonin , Sato Imari
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes a method to estimate depth from a single multispectral image by using a lens property known as chromatic aberration. Chromatic aberration causes light passing through a lens to be refracted depending on the wavelength. The refraction causes the angle of rays to vary depending on their wavelength and a change in focal length, which leads to a defocus blur for different wavelengths. We propose a theory to recover a continuous depth map from the blur in a single multispectral image that includes chromatic aberration. The proposed method needs only a standard wide-aperture lens, which naturally exhibits chromatic aberration, and a multispectral camera. Moreover, we use a simple yet effective depth-of-field synthesis method to calculate the derivatives and obtain all-in-focus images necessary to approximate spectral derivatives. We verified the effectiveness of the proposed method on various real-world scenes.
Unidirectional-emitting GaN-based micro-LED for 3D display
Authors: Huang Jinpeng , Hu Zelin , Gao Xiang , Xu Yi , Wang Liancheng
Published: June 2021

Naked-eye 3D micro-LED display combines the 3D characteristics and advantages of micro-LED simultaneously. A conventional micro-LED device emission exhibits Lambertian distribution, and it requires stacking of multiple optical components into a 3D display, resulting in bulky systems, low efficiency, and a limited viewing zone and points. We propose and investigate a single-chip micro-LED with unidirectional emission through an in-situ integrated resonant cavity and metasurface, which has great potential to be used for an efficient naked-eye 3D display with a wide viewing angle and multiple viewpoints. This Letter promotes the application of GaN-based micro-LEDs in a display, especially a 3D display.
Modulation bandwidth enhanced self-injection locking laser with an external high-Q microring reflector
Authors: Shao Shuai , Li Jiachen , Wu Yunhao , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei , Chen Minghua
Published: June 2021

We propose and demonstrate a hybrid modulation bandwidth enhanced self-injection locking laser by butt coupling a commercial distributed feedback laser with an external high-Q silicon nitride microring reflector (MRR). The MRR keeps the laser in strong self-injection locking state with photon–photon resonance, which can realize direct modulation bandwidth enhanced and stable narrow linewidth single-mode output. With the further optimization of MRR parameters, the 3-dB modulation bandwidth and the linewidth of the hybrid laser are enhanced to 15.28 GHz from 7.70 GHz and narrowed to 4 kHz from 600 kHz, respectively. This work makes full use of the advantages of self-injection and integrated photonic technology, which has potential applications in many fields.
Adaptive intensity transformation-based phase retrieval with high accuracy and fast convergence
Authors: Xiang Meng , Zhou Peijian , Ye Bolin , Fu Songnian , Xu Ou , Li Jianping , Peng Di , Wang Yuncai , Qin Yuwen
Published: June 2021

Phase-retrieval (PR) receivers can reconstruct complex-valued signals from two de-correlated intensity measurements, without the assistance of any optical carriers. However, both the calculation complexity with hundreds of iterations and the limited PR accuracy prevent it from being applied to high-speed photonic interconnections. Here we propose and demonstrate a PR receiver based on adaptive intensity transformation, with the capability of both fast convergence and high accuracy. Then we numerically reconstruct 56 GBaud QPSK signals after the 80 km standard single-mode fiber transmission by using our proposed PR receiver with only 50 iterations. In comparison with the recently reported PR receiver with the phase reset, our proposed PR receiver can reduce the required optical signal-to-noise ratio by 1.95 and 1.89 dB, in terms of 20% soft-decision and 7% hard-decision forward-error correction, respectively.
A genome-wide association study identifies 5 loci associated with frozen shoulder and implicates diabetes as a causal risk factor
Authors: Green Harry D. , Jones Alistair , Evans Jonathan P. , Wood Andrew R. , Beaumont Robin N. , Tyrrell Jessica , Frayling Timothy M. , Smith Christopher , Weedon Michael N.
Published: June 2021

Frozen shoulder is a painful condition that often requires surgery and affects up to 5% of individuals aged 40–60 years. Little is known about the causes of the condition, but diabetes is a strong risk factor. To begin to understand the biological mechanisms involved, we aimed to identify genetic variants associated with frozen shoulder and to use Mendelian randomization to test the causal role of diabetes. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of frozen shoulder in the UK Biobank using data from 10,104 cases identified from inpatient, surgical and primary care codes. We used data from FinnGen for replication and meta-analysis. We used one-sample and two-sample Mendelian randomization approaches to test for a causal association of diabetes with frozen shoulder. We identified five genome-wide significant loci. The most significant locus (lead SNP rs28971325; OR = 1.20, [95% CI: 1.16–1.24], p = 5x10-29) contained WNT7B. This variant was also associated with Dupuytren’s disease (OR = 2.31 [2.24, 2.39], p<1x10-300) as were a further two of the frozen shoulder associated variants. The Mendelian randomization results provided evidence that type 1 diabetes is a causal risk factor for frozen shoulder (OR = 1.03 [1.02–1.05], p = 3x10-6). There was no evidence that obesity was causally associated with frozen shoulder, suggesting that diabetes influences risk of the condition through glycemic rather than mechanical effects. We have identified genetic loci associated with frozen shoulder. There is a large overlap with Dupuytren’s disease associated loci. Diabetes is a likely causal risk factor. Our results provide evidence of biological mechanisms involved in this common painful condition.
Stress and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) promote necrotizing enterocolitis in a formula-fed neonatal rat model
Authors: Bell Robert L. , Withers Ginger S. , Kuypers Frans A. , Stehr Wolfgang , Bhargava Aditi
Published: June 2021

The etiology of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is not known. Alterations in gut microbiome, mucosal barrier function, immune cell activation, and blood flow are characterized events in its development, with stress as a contributing factor. The hormone corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a key mediator of stress responses and influences these aforementioned processes. CRF signaling is modulated by NEC’s main risk factors of prematurity and formula feeding. Using an established neonatal rat model of NEC, we tested hypotheses that: (i) increased CRF levels—as seen during stress—promote NEC in formula-fed (FF) newborn rats, and (ii) antagonism of CRF action ameliorates NEC. Newborn pups were formula-fed to initiate gut inflammation and randomized to: no stress, no stress with subcutaneous CRF administration, stress (acute hypoxia followed by cold exposure—NEC model), or stress after pretreatment with the CRF peptide antagonist Astressin. Dam-fed unstressed and stressed littermates served as controls. NEC incidence and severity in the terminal ileum were determined using a histologic scoring system. Changes in CRF, CRF receptor (CRFRs), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression levels were determined by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, respectively. Stress exposure in FF neonates resulted in 40.0% NEC incidence, whereas exogenous CRF administration resulted in 51.7% NEC incidence compared to 8.7% in FF non-stressed neonates (p<0.001). Astressin prevented development of NEC in FF-stressed neonates (7.7% vs. 40.0%; p = 0.003). CRF and CRFR immunoreactivity increased in the ileum of neonates with NEC compared to dam-fed controls or FF unstressed pups. Immunoblotting confirmed increased TLR4 protein levels in FF stressed (NEC model) animals vs. controls, and Astressin treatment restored TLR4 to control levels. Peripheral CRF may serve as specific pharmacologic target for the prevention and treatment of NEC.
Automatic algorithm for quantifying lung involvement in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, infection with SARS-CoV-2, paracoccidioidomycosis and no lung disease patients
Authors: Alves Allan Felipe Fattori , Miranda José Ricardo Arruda , Reis Fabiano , Oliveira Abner Alves , Souza Sérgio Augusto Santana , Fortaleza Carlos Magno Castelo Branco , Tanni Suzana Erico , Castro José Thiago Souza , Pina Diana Rodrigues
Published: June 2021

In this work, we aimed to develop an automatic algorithm for the quantification of total volume and lung impairments in four different diseases. The quantification was completely automatic based upon high resolution computed tomography exams. The algorithm was capable of measuring volume and differentiating pulmonary involvement including inflammatory process and fibrosis, emphysema, and ground-glass opacities. The algorithm classifies the percentage of each pulmonary involvement when compared to the entire lung volume. Our algorithm was applied to four different patients groups: no lung disease patients, patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. The quantification results were compared with a semi-automatic algorithm previously validated. Results confirmed that the automatic approach has a good agreement with the semi-automatic. Bland-Altman (B&A) demonstrated a low dispersion when comparing total lung volume, and also when comparing each lung impairment individually. Linear regression adjustment achieved an R value of 0.81 when comparing total lung volume between both methods. Our approach provides a reliable quantification process for physicians, thus impairments measurements contributes to support prognostic decisions in important lung diseases including the infection of SARS-CoV-2.
Time to recovery from COVID-19 and its predictors among patients admitted to treatment center of Wollega University Referral Hospital (WURH), Western Ethiopia: Survival analysis of retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tolossa Tadesse , Wakuma Bizuneh , Seyoum Gebre Dejene , Merdassa Atomssa Emiru , Getachew Motuma , Fetensa Getahun , Ayala Diriba , Turi Ebisa
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Despite its alarming spread throughout the world, no effective drug and vaccine is discovered for COVID-19 so far. According to WHO, the recovery time from COVID-19 was estimated to be 2 weeks for patients with mild infection, and 3 to 6 weeks for those with serious illnesses. A studies regarding the median recovery time and its predictors are limited globally and specifically in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the median time to recovery from COVID-19 and its predictors among COVID-19 cases admitted to WURH, Western Ethiopian.

Methods

This was a hospital-based retrospective cohort study conducted among 263 adult patients admitted with COVID-19 in WURH treatment center from March 29, 2020 through September 30, 2020. Epidata version 3.2 was used for data entry, and STATA version 14 for analysis. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was fitted to determine factors associated with recovery time. A variable with P-value ≤ 0.25 at bivariable Cox regression analysis were selected for multivariable Cox proportional model. Multivariable Cox regression model with 95% CI and Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) was used to identify a significant predictor of time to recovery from COVID-19 at P-value < 0.05.

Results

The mean age of patient was 36.8 (SD± 10.68) years. At the end of follow up, two hundred twenty seven observations were developed an event (recovered) with median time to recovery of 18 days with IQR of 10–27 days. The overall incidence rate of recovery was of 4.38 per 100 (95% CI: 3.84, 4.99) person-days observations. Being older age (AHR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.49), presence of fever on admission (AHR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.62), and comorbidity (AHR = 0.56, 95% CI, 0.34, 0.90) were found to have statistically significant association with recovery time.

Conclusion and recommendations

In general, the median recovery time of patients with COVID-19 cases was long, and factors such as older age group, presence of fever, and comorbidity was an independent predictors of delayed recovery from COVID-19. Intervention to further reduce recovery time at treatment center has to focus on patients those shows symptoms and with comorbidities.
Optimizing sowing date for peanut genotypes in arid and semi-arid subtropical regions
Authors: Ijaz Muhammad , Nawaz Ahmad , Ul-Allah Sami , Sher Ahmad , Sattar Abdul , Sarwar Muhammad , Hussain Ijaz , Ur Rehman Anees , Wahid Muhammad Ashfaq , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Hessini Kamel
Published: June 2021

Peanut (Arachis hypogeaL.) is an important nut crop extensively grown in rainfed regions of Pakistan. The crop requires low inputs; thus, could grow successfully under diverse environmental conditions. Due to pegging ability, peanut grows aggressively in sandy and sandy-loam soils. However, it has not introduced to Thal region of southern Punjab, Pakistan. A two-year field experiment was conducted to optimize sowing dates for two peanut genotypes (‘BARI-2016’ and ‘NO-334’) in Thal region (Layyah). Similarly, a yield trial was conducted at Chakwal where both genotypes are extensively grown. Five sowing dates (10thApril, 1stMay, 20thMay, 10thJune and 30thJune) were included in the study. The highest seed yield was obtained with early sown crop (10thApril) during both years. Pod formation reduced with increasing atmospheric temperature and no pods were formed on the plants sown on 30thJune. Decreased pod formation seemed a major reason for low yield in late-sown crop. The highest yield was observed for the crop sown on 10thApril, which was decreased by 40% for the crop sown on 1stMay. Genotype ‘BARI-2016’ performed better for seed yield at both locations compared with ‘NO-334’. The results suggested that genotype ‘BARI-2016’ is more adaptive to arid and semi-arid condition under rainfed or irrigated conditions. Sowing peanut at optimum time would increase seed yield in arid and semi-arid regions. Nonetheless, ‘BARI-2016’ can be grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions successfully.
Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion
Authors: Okwuraiwe Azuka Patrick , Onwuamah Chika Kingsley , Shaibu Joseph Ojonugwa , Amoo Samuel Olufemi , Ige Fehintola Anthonia , James Ayorinde Babatunde , Okoli Leona Chika , Ahmed Abul-Rahman , Ponmak Jamda , Sokei Judith O. , Akanmu Sulaimon , Salako Babatunde Lawal , Audu Rosemary Ajuma
Published: June 2021

The present global pandemic triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has lingered for over a year in its devastating effects. Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently established with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test by means of oropharyngeal-, nasopharyngeal-, anal-swabs, sputum and blood plasma. However, oral and nasal swabs are more commonly used. This study, therefore, assessed sensitivity and specificity of plasma as a diagnostic in comparison with a combination of oral and nasal swab samples, and the implications for blood transfusion. Oropharyngeal (OP) and nasopharyngeal (NP) swab samples were obtained from 125 individuals suspected to have COVID-19 and stored in viral transport medium (VTM) tubes. Ten millilitres of blood samples in EDTA were also obtained by venepuncture and spun to obtain plasma. Viral RNA was obtained from both swabs and plasma by manual extraction with Qiagen QIAamp viral RNA Mini Kit. Detection was done using a real time fluorescent RT-qPCR BGI kit, on a QuantStudio 3 real-time PCR instrument. Average age of study participants was 41 years, with 74 (59.2%) being male. Out of the 125 individuals tested for COVID-19, 75 (60%) were positive by OP/NP swab. However, only 6 (4.8%) had a positive plasma result for COVID-19 with median Ct value of 32.4. Sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 test using plasma was 8% and 100% respectively. There was no false positive recorded, but 69 (55.2%) false negatives were obtained by plasma. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was detected, albeit low (4.8%) in plasma. Plasma is likely not a suitable biological sample to diagnose acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The implication of transfusing blood in this era of COVID-19 needs further investigations.
Effect of distal access catheter tip position on angiographic and clinical outcomes following thrombectomy using the combined stent-retriever and aspiration approach
Authors: Baek Sang Hun , Kim Sanghyeon , Kang Myongjin , Choi Jae-Hyung , Kwon Hee Jin , Kim Dong Won
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Mechanical thrombectomy using the stent-retriever in conjunction with the distal access catheter may improve the rates of successful revascularization and clinical outcomes in patients with acute stroke. We aimed to compare two different thrombectomy techniques, according to the position of the distal access catheter tip in the combined stent-retriever and aspiration approach.

Methods

In this retrospective study, patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion treated with the combined technique were divided into two groups based on the tip position of the distal access catheter: distal group (catheter placed adjacent to the thrombus) and proximal group (catheter placed in the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery below the ophthalmic artery). Baseline characteristics, angiographic results, and clinical outcomes were compared.

Results

Eighty-three patients (distal group, n = 45; proximal group, n = 38) were included. Higher complete reperfusion was observed in the distal group (unweighted analysis: 66.7% vs. 42.1%, p = 0.025; weighted analysis: 74.0% vs. 28.8%; p = 0.002). In the multivariate analysis, the distal tip position was independently associated with complete reperfusion (unweighted analysis: aOR, 4.10; 95% CI, 1.40–11.98; p = 0.01; weighted analysis: aOR, 5.20; 95% CI, 1.72–15.78; p = 0.004). The distal group also showed more favorable clinical outcomes and early neurological improvement (unweighted analysis: 62.2% vs. 55.3%; p = 0.521, 60% vs. 50%; p = 0.361, respectively; weighted analysis: 62.7% vs. 61.1%; p = 0.877, 66% vs. 45.7%; p = 0.062, respectively). However, more arterial dissections were observed in the distal group (8.9%, n = 4 vs. 2.6%, n = 1; p = 0.36). In the distal group, one patient with vascular injury died due to complications. No cases of emboli in new territory were observed.

Conclusions

Distal tip position of the distal access catheter has a significant impact on reperfusion in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, there was also a higher rate of vascular injury as the catheter was advanced further. If advancement to the target lesion is too difficult, placing it in the cavernous internal carotid artery may be a viable method without complications.
Suicide on YouTube:Factors engaging viewers to a selection of suicide-themed videos
Authors: Jung Eun Ji , Kim Seongcheol
Published: June 2021

Visual social media platforms can function as both facilitators and intervenors of concerning behaviors. This study focused on one of the health concerns worldwide, a leading cause of death related to mental health—suicide—in the context of a dominant visual social media platform, YouTube. This study employed content analysis method to identify the factors predicting viewer responses to suicide-themed content from the perspectives ofwho’s,what’s, andhow’s of suicide-themed videos. The results of the hierarchical multiple regression showed that the characteristics of content provider and content expression were more significant predictors of viewer engagement than were the characteristics of the message. These findings have implications for not only platform service providers but also diverse groups of individuals who participate in online discussions on suicide. YouTube has the potential to function as a locus for open discussion, education, collective coping, and even the diagnosis of suicidal ideation.
Knowledge, awareness and preventive practices of dengue outbreak in Bangladesh: A countrywide study
Authors: Hossain Md. Imam , Alam Nur E. , Akter Sumaiya , Suriea Umme , Aktar Salma , Shifat Siratul Kubra , Islam Md. Muzahidul , Aziz Ihsan , Islam Md. Muzahidul , Islam Md. Shariful , Mohiuddin A. K. M.
Published: June 2021

Background

Dengue, the mosquito borne disease has become a growing public health threat in Bangladesh due to its gradual increasing morbidity and mortality since 2000. In 2019, the country witnessed the worst ever dengue outbreak. The present study was conducted to characterize the socio-economic factors and knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) status towards dengue among the people of Bangladesh.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,010 randomly selected respondents from nine different administrative regions of Bangladesh between July and November 2019.

A structured questionnaire was used covering socio-demographic characteristics of the participants including their knowledge, awareness, treatment and practices regarding dengue fever. Factors associated with the knowledge and awareness of dengue were investigated separately, using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Although majority (93.8%) of the respondents had heard about dengue, however, they had still misconceptions about Aedes breeding habitat. Around half of the study population (45.7%) had mistaken belief that Aedes can breed in dirty water and 43.1% knew that Aedes mosquito usually bites around sunrise and sunset. Fever indication was found in 36.6% of people which is the most common symptom of dengue. Among the socio-demographic variables, the level of education of the respondents was identified as an independent predictor for both knowledge (p<0.05) and awareness (p<0.05) of dengue. The preventive practice level was moderately less than the knowledge level though there was a significant association (p<0.05) existed between knowledge and preventive practices. Our study noted that TV/Radio is an effective predominant source of information about dengue fever.

Conclusion

As dengue is emerging in Bangladesh, there is an urgent need to increase health promotion activities through campaigns for eliminating the misconception and considerable knowledge gaps about dengue.
Approaches to measure class importance in Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Fernández-Álvarez Daniel , Frey Johannes , Labra Gayo Jose Emilio , Gayo-Avello Daniel , Hellmann Sebastian
Published: June 2021

The amount, size, complexity, and importance of Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have increased during the last decade. Many different communities have chosen to publish their datasets using Linked Data principles, which favors the integration of this information with many other sources published using the same principles and technologies. Such a scenario requires to develop techniques of Linked Data Summarization. The concept of aclassis one of the core elements used to define the ontologies which sustain most of the existing KGs. Moreover, classes are an excellent tool to refer to an abstract idea which groups many individuals (or instances) in the context of a given KG, which is handy to use when producing summaries of its content. Rankings of class importance are a powerful summarization tool that can be used both to obtain a superficial view of the content of a given KG and to prioritize many different actions over the data (data quality checking, visualization, relevance for search engines…). In this paper, we analyze existing techniques to measure class importance and propose a novel approach called ClassRank. We compare the class usage in SPARQL logs of different KGs with the importance ranking produced by the approaches evaluated. Then, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the evaluated techniques. Our experimentation suggests that ClassRank outperforms state-of-the-art approaches measuring class importance.
Genetic diversity of Venturia inaequalis isolates (Apple scab) in China and U.K. determined by SSR markers
Authors: Li Xiancheng , Tao Fei , Fan Sanhong , Li Haiyuan , Yang Jiarong , Gao Liqiang
Published: June 2021

Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis is a serious disease of cultivated apple worldwide. In this study, we collected 132 V. inaequalis isolates from Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, and the U.K. and analyzed their genetic diversity by using 13 microsatellite markers. Cluster analysis based on population structure and genetic distances suggested high similarity among the four regions. Population differentiation values ranged from 0.044 to 0.155, indicating there is a high level of kinship among the four regions. All isolates could be divided into 5 lineages with a 0.76 similarity coefficient. Among the four regions, Shaanxi had only one lineage, Group II; Gansu had four lineages, Group I, Group II, Group IV, and Group V; Xinjiang had all five lineages, Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V; and the U.K. had three lineages, Group I, Group II and Group IV. High molecular variance was detected for populations in the four regions, with 91% of the variance occurring within the populations and 9% among the populations. Structure analysis there are three common ancestors of these four regions. The results of the present study shed light on the genetic diversity of V. inaequalis in Shaanxi, Gansu and Xinjiang, which will lead to the development of more effective management strategies and new resistant apple cultivars through molecular marker-assisted selection.
No water, no mating: Connecting dots from behaviour to pathways
Authors: Arya Homica , Toltesi Regan , Eng Michelle , Garg Divita , Merritt Thomas J. S. , Rajpurohit Subhash
Published: June 2021

Insects hold considerable ecological and agricultural importance making it vital to understand the factors impacting their reproductive output. Environmental stressors are examples of such factors which have a substantial and significant influence on insect reproductive fitness. Insects are also ectothermic and small in size which makes them even more susceptible to environmental stresses. The present study assesses the consequence of desiccation on the mating latency and copulations duration in tropicalDrosophila melanogaster. We tested flies for these reproductive behavioral parameters at varying body water levels and with whole metabolome analysis in order to gain a further understanding of the physiological response to desiccation. Our results showed that the duration of desiccation is positively correlated with mating latency and mating failure, while having no influence on the copulation duration. The metabolomic analysis revealed three biological pathways highly affected by desiccation: starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. These results are consistent with carbohydrate metabolism providing an energy source in desiccated flies and also suggests that the phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway plays a role in the reproductive fitness of the flies. Desiccation is a common issue with smaller insects, likeDrosophilaand other tropical insects, and our findings indicate that this lack of ambient water can immediately and drastically affect the insect reproductive behaviour, which becomes more crucial because of unpredictable and dynamic weather conditions.
I dannati della terra: The Italian left facing the Third World on the eve of 1968
Authors: Mestman Mariano
Published: June 2021

The Italian film I dannati della terra (The Damned of the Earth) (Orsini and Filippi ) is a prominent example of the connection between the European cinema of intervention and the Third World struggles of the 1960s. Set as a ‘film within a film’, the movie tells the story of a leftist filmmaker, Fausto Morelli, who faces the challenge of finishing a film about the liberation struggles of sub-Saharan Africa by building on the documentary footage that was bequeathed to him by his student and friend, the young Abramo Malonga, an African (Bantu). This article recovers overlooked and little-known documents about the film to show that it is the expression of an active cinematic Third Worldism forged in previous years between the legacy of the Resistenza Partigiana (Italian Resistance) and the Third World struggles of the 1960s. At the same time, the article analyses the ways in which the film ‘dialogues’ with experimental trends of the contemporary avant-garde artistic scene in order to challenge the viewer to debate the ‘open ideological hypothesis’ of the film and take an active part in the political struggles of the time.
Translating for (and from) the Italian Screen: Dubbing and Subtitles, Phillip Balma and Giovanni Spani (eds) (2020)
Authors: McKenzie Rory
Published: June 2021

Review of: Translating for (and from) the Italian Screen: Dubbing and Subtitles, Phillip Balma and Giovanni Spani (eds) (2020)

New York: Bordighera Press, 200 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-59954-141-9, p/bk, $18.00
Sobre equidad y rentabilidad
Authors: Pérez Miranda Iván
Published: June 2021

Editorial del tercer número de El Futuro del Pasado
Las mujeres que en el siglo XVI ganan dineros en las boticas
Authors: Villegas Ruiz Manuel
Published: June 2021

El presente estudio consiste en una breve aproximación histórica a la prostitución cordobesa en el siglo XVI. Con tal finalidad hemos adoptado dos puntos de vista complementarios: por un lado, las disposiciones y normativas vigentes en la época; por otro, su aplicación real según se desprende de las actas del Cabildo Municipal de Córdoba. El resultado pone de relieve situaciones de marginación que no son evidentes mediante el mero análisis formal de los textos legales.
La revista Feminal: paradigma de las publicaciones feministas españolas de principios del siglo XX
Authors: Muñoz Ana
Published: June 2021

La revista Feminal se publicó como suplemento del periódico La Ilustració Catalana desde abril de 1907 hasta diciembre de 1917. La importancia de esta publicación estriba en ser la primera, en Barcelona, que trata cuestiones de relevancia para la historia del feminismo español como la reivindicación del derecho al voto. En la globalidad de la revista se aprecia, de forma explícita, el interés de su directora por aumentar la cultura de la mujer y el repertorio musical no es ajeno a este objetivo: en él se pueden apreciar diversas intenciones de Carmen Karr como el fomento de la autoría femenina, la creación de un vínculo entre autoras e intérpretes femeninas y la plasmación en la música de un determinado pensamiento cultural. El repertorio musical de la revista consigue crear una relación vinculante compartida por los participantes de la performance, configurándose una determinada identidad social femenina.
La distinta naturaleza del día y la noche en la antigüedad, y sus divisiones en horas
Authors: Gil Martínez Daniel
Published: June 2021

En este artículo intento explicar las diferencias religiosas entre el día y la noche, ya que los hombres de la Antigüedad nunca comprendieron que ambas conformaran una unidad. Estudio, por tanto, las características que tuvieron el día y la noche, en especial las de esta última, en algunas de las culturas más representativas de la Antigüedad –sumeria, babilónica, egipcia, hebrea, griega, romana y celta–. Así, podemos observar que básicamente todas ellas consideran el día como un momento de vida, mientras que la noche, a menudo, es entendida como muerte y maldad. Con todo ello, podemos comprender por qué el día no fue dividido en veinticuatro horas, sino en doce diurnas y doce nocturnas.
Teatralidad y representación de la historia: ética, memoria y acción suspendida en las obras de Juan Mayorga
Authors: Gorría Ferrín Ana
Published: June 2021

La reflexión sobre la imagen alcanza en la segunda mitad del siglo XX un episodio cenital, uno de cuyos máximos representantes resulta ser el aparato teórico y bibliográfico surgido alrededor de la imagen fotográfica. La ontología de la imagen fotográfica, de esta manera, supone un episodio fundamental en el andamiaje teórico y crítico relativo a la imaginación. La noción de imagen y la reflexión que sobre ella se establece impregna no solo el ámbito de la teoría y praxis artística sino también afecta a la codificación literaria suponiendo tanto un motivo de reflexión epistemológica alrededor de la representación como la indagación sobre la autenticidad fenomenológica de ésta. El propósito de este artículo es mostrar la importancia del pensamiento alrededor de la imagen fotográfica y su mostración práctica como acción en el caso concreto de la dramaturgia de Juan Mayorga, donde el análisis de la ontología fotográfica se pone al servicio de la comprensión no solo de lo real sino también de la historia, de la memoria y de las emociones a través de la imaginación dialéctica en la obra El cartógrafo.
PERANCANGAN INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM MENGGUNAKAN HONEYPOT PADA UNIVERSITAS BHAYANGKARA JAKARTA RAYA
Authors: Alexander Allan Desi , Salkiawat Ratna , Warta Joni
Published: June 2021

Internet sudah menjadi bagian vital dari sebuah institusi yang membawa keuntungan yang besar bagi penggunanya tetapi disisi lain ada segelintir pengguna yang melakukan kegiatan yang mengambil keuntungan dari system lain dengan cara melakukan penyerangan dengan menggunakan berbagai software yang berbahaya seperti virus, worm, trojan horse, spyware dan lainnya.Honeypot system sering digunakan sebagai bagian dari system pendeteksi serangan (IDS, Intrusion Detection System) yang mampu mendeteksi ancaman yang terjadi pada sebuah jaringan komputer, keuntungan dari honeypot tidak hanya mendeteksi berbagai serangan tetapi dapat juga membuat sebuah system yang berpura-pura memiliki titik kelemahan yang sangat tinggi sehingga mudah diserang oleh malware. Dan jika malware menjalankan aktifitasnya system honeypot akan mencatat dan hasil dari catatannya dapat dianalisa guna menangani dan pemulihan selama dan setelah serangan terjadi.Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya (Ubhara Jaya) merupakan sebuah institusi dibawah Yayasan Brata Bakti yang memiliki kedekatan dengan POLRI, hubungan ini memiliki daya Tarik bagi penyerang karena mereka menyangka bahwa Ubhara Jaya adalah bagian dari POLRI dan dampaknya jaringan komputer Ubhara Jaya kerap mendapatkan serangan berupa malware bahkan pada Februari 2018 serangan tersebut sempat melumpuhkan jaringan dan sebagian sistem yang ada.
PENGUKURAN RISIKO DAN EVALUASI KEAMANAN INFORMASI MENGGUNAKAN INDEKS KEAMANAN INFORMASI DI BKD XYZ BERDASARKAN ISO 27001 / SNI
Authors: Rochmadi Tri , Ike Yunia Pasa
Published: June 2021

Digitalisasi tidak bisa dihindari di era revolusi industri 4.0 termasuk di pemerintahan. Selain memberikan manfaat yang luar biasa pada sisi efisiensi dan efektiftas kerja, namun juga meninggalkan ancaman tentang data privasi atau keamanan informasi. Atas dasar ancaman yang dimungkinkan banyak terjadi akibat digitalisasi tersebut, maka perlu adanya pengukuran bagaimana keamanan informasi pada BKD XYZ agar bisa dijadikan evaluasi dan perbaikan. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar BKD XYZ bisa melindungi asset data dan informasi atau mencegah adanya serangan dari ancaman-ancaman yang mungkin saja terjadi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan Indeks KAMI sebagai tool pengukuran dan evaluasi keamanan informasi di BKD XYZ. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, bahwasanya BKD XYZ masih berada pada tingkat tidak layak untuk benar-benar bisa menerapkan keamanan informasi yang ideal. Sehingga dibutuhkan tindak lanjut sesuai rekomendasi perbaikan, agar BKD XYZ bisa mencapai kesiapan sertifikasi ISO 27001/SNI.
Biochemical Parameters Determination for Prognosis of Retinal Diseases and their Relationship to Cataract, Diabetes and Hypertension Patients in Ibn Al-Haytham Hospital in Baghdad-Iraq
Authors: Hassan Huda H. , Khaleel Fayhaa M. , Taee Khuthear A. Al
Published: June 2021

The role of serum retinol activity in association with the Blood sugar level, and their link as biochemical marker risk for lens inflammation and damage stage under pandemic, for the Retinal disease patients with cataract, hypertension, and diabetes, and in healthy for both genders. Total of seventy-five patients and thirty healthy control have been studied. Retinal disease patients were subdivided on the basis of pathological condition into three subgroups (First group was cataract, second was hypertension, and the third group was diabetes. Assessment, of serum retinol activity, and blood glucose levels were done for all groups. The concentricity of serum retinol levels is decreased in diabetic patients than control (13.147±7.195 (μmol/L) with 21.930±16.241 (μmol/L) versus P = 0.011)), while for cataract patients, they showed extremely similar concentricity of serum retinol levels to healthy (20.760±15.941 (μmol/L) with P = 0.790), whilst the retinol-activity was exhibited to be higher in hypertension patients (24.190±21.972 (μmol/L) versus P = 0.663). retinol activity is correlated significantly negatively with both diabetic patients and cataract. Moreover, blood sugar levels are increased in diabetes than control (10.256±4.119 (μmol/L) versus 5.365±1.084 (μmol/L) with P = 0.0001), in comparison with cataract (5.288±0.9560 (μmol/L) with P = 782). The retinol levels are correlated significantly negatively for diabetic and cataract patients. The purpose of this work: is to investigate association between retinal diseases with cataract hypertension & diabetes for risk of fasting at least eight hours in Ramadan and out of Ramadan time, and directly pre surgery gets started by artificial intraocular lens, and by estimation of retinol and blood sugar concentrations.
Green Synthesis of MgO NPs by Olea Europeae Leaves Extract from Bulk MgO and Study Physical Properties
Authors: Ulwali Ruqayah A. , Abass Nada K. , Majed Mirvat Dawood , Alwally Hanan Abed
Published: June 2021

In this study, the biological synthesis have been used to prepared the nanoparticles of magnesium oxide in the presences of Olea europeae leaves, it was used as a reductant and capping agents at concentration (100 ml), and that contains antioxidants. The properties of nanoparticles have been characterized. X-ray diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD) showed that the structure of MgO NPs is polycrystalline with cubic phase and average crystallite size was found 12.08 nm, the Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) appeared patterns originating from Mg and O, while Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) explained functional groups at the surface which return to Olea europeae leaves extract and MgO NPs. The morphological properties have been analyzed via Field Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), the images in (FE-SEM) showed spherical shapes with an average diameter of 28.13 nm. The optical properties of MgO NPs have been characterized via Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy (UV-vis), the absorbance edge exhibited shift to the ultraviolet region with decrease in energy band gap (Eg) to 5.4 nm as compared with bulk (7.8 nm).
Tendances d’utilisation de la prophylaxie pré-exposition pour le VIH dans huit provinces canadiennes, 2014 à 2018
Authors: Popovic Nashira , Yang Qiuying , Archibald Chris
Published: June 2021

Contexte : Le Canada a approuvé les objectifs mondiaux du Programme commun des Nations Unies sur le VIH et le Sida visant à mettre fin à l’épidémie du syndrome d’immunodéficience acquise (sida), notamment en réduisant à zéro les nouvelles infections par le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) d’ici à 2030. Compte tenu de l’efficacité de la prophylaxie pré-exposition (PPrE) pour prévenir les nouvelles infections, il est important de mesurer et de rendre compte de l’utilisation de la PPrE afin de contribuer à la planification des programmes et des politiques de prévention du VIH. Méthodes : Les estimations annuelles des personnes utilisant de la PPrE au Canada ont été générées pour la période de 2014 à 2018 à partir de l’ensemble de données géographiques de surveillance des ordonnances d’IQVIA. On a utilisé un algorithme pour distinguer les utilisateurs de fumarate de ténofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) pour la PPrE de ceux qui l’utilisent dans le cadre d’un traitement ou de la prophylaxie post-exposition. Nous fournissons le nombre estimé de personnes qui utilisent la PPrE dans huit provinces canadiennes par sexe, groupe d’âge, spécialité du médecin prescripteur et type de paiement. Résultats : Le nombre estimé d’utilisateurs de PPrE a augmenté de façon spectaculaire au cours de la période d’étude de cinq ans : il est multiplié par 21, passant de 460 en 2014 à 9 657 en 2018. La prévalence estimée de la PPrE était de 416 utilisateurs par million de personnes dans les huit provinces en 2018. Presque tous les utilisateurs de PPrE étaient des hommes. L’utilisation a augmenté chez les deux sexes, mais l’augmentation a été plus importante chez les hommes (par 23 fois) que chez les femmes (par 5 fois). L’utilisation a augmenté dans toutes les provinces, bien qu’il y ait des différences entre les provinces relativement à la prévalence de l’utilisation, à la répartition par âge et aux types de médecins prescripteurs. Conclusion : L’utilisation de la PPrE au Canada a augmenté entre 2014 et 2018, ce qui témoigne d’une meilleure connaissance et d’une plus grande adhésion à son utilisation pour prévenir la transmission du VIH. Elle est toutefois inégale en fonction de l’âge, du sexe et de la géographie. Puisque les nouvelles infections au VIH continuent de se produire au Canada, il sera important d’affiner l’utilisation de la PPrE, car les populations à risque plus élevé d’infection au VIH doivent se voir offrir la PPrE dans le cadre de soins de santé sexuelle complets.
Au-delà de la grippe : Tendances des éclosions d’infections respiratoires dans les établissements de soins de santé de l’Ontario de 2007 à 2017, et implications pour la gestion des éclosions non grippales
Authors: Paphitis Katherine , Achonu Camille , Callery Sandra , Gubbay Jonathan , Katz Kevin , Muller Matthew , Sachdeva Herveen , Warshawsky Bryna , Whelan Michael , Garber Gary , Murti Michelle
Published: June 2021

Contexte : Les éclosions provoquent une morbidité et une mortalité importantes dans les établissements de soins de santé. Les méthodes de dépistage actuelles permettent de cerner des agents pathogènes respiratoires viraux spécifiques, mais l’approche de la gestion des éclosions reste générale. Objectifs : Notre objectif était d’examiner les tendances spécifiques aux agents pathogènes dans les éclosions respiratoires, y compris la façon dont le taux d’attaque, le taux de létalité et la durée de l’éclosion diffèrent par agent pathogène entre les hôpitaux, et les établissements de soins de longue durée et les maisons de retraite en Ontario. Méthodes : Les éclosions d’infections respiratoires confirmées dans les hôpitaux et les établissements de soins de longue durée ou les maisons de retraite de l’Ontario signalées entre le 1er septembre 2007 et le 31 août 2017 ont été extraites du Système intégré d’information sur la santé publique (SIISP). Les taux d’attaque médians, la durée des éclosions et les taux généraux de létalité des éclosions spécifiques à un pathogène ont été comparés dans les deux types d’établissements. Résultats : Au cours de la période de surveillance de 10 ans, 9 870 éclosions respiratoires confirmées ont été signalées dans les hôpitaux et les établissements de soins de longue durée ou les maisons de retraite de l’Ontario. La grippe était à l’origine de la plupart des éclosions (32 % dans les établissements de soins de longue durée et les maisons de retraite, 51 % dans les hôpitaux), mais ces éclosions étaient plus courtes et présentaient des taux d’attaque inférieurs à ceux de la plupart des éclosions non grippales dans les deux types d’établissements. Le métapneumovirus humain, bien que peu fréquent (moins de 4 % des éclosions), présentait des taux de létalité élevés dans les deux types d’établissements. Conclusion : Les taux d’attaque et les taux de létalité variaient selon l’agent pathogène, tout comme la durée de l’éclosion. L’élaboration de conseils propres à la gestion des éclosions, qui tiennent compte de l’agent pathogène et de l’établissement de soins de santé, pourrait être utile pour limiter la charge des éclosions respiratoires.
The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT): Supporting evidence-informed decision-making in public health in Canada
Authors: Husson Heather , Howarth Claire , Neil-Sztramko Sarah , Dobbins Maureen
Published: June 2021

The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) is part of a network of six National Collaborating Centres for Public Health (NCC) created in 2005 by the federal government following the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic to strengthen public health infrastructure in Canada. The work of the NCCMT, to support evidence-informed decision-making (EIDM) in public health in Canada, is accomplished by curating trustworthy evidence, building competence to use evidence and accelerating change in EIDM. Ongoing engagement with its target audiences ensures NCCMT’s relevance and ability to respond to evolving public health needs. This has been particularly critical during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which saw NCCMT pivot its activities to support the public health response by conducting rapid reviews on priority questions identified by decision-makers from federal to local levels as well as create and maintain a national repository of in-progress or completed syntheses. These efforts, along with partnering with the COVID-19 Evidence Network to support Decision-Making (COVID-END), sought to reduce duplication, increase coordination of synthesis efforts and support decision-makers to use the best available evidence in decision-making. Data from website statistics illustrate the successful uptake of these initiatives across Canada and internationally.