bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Com les biblioteques poden promoure la lectura a partir d'activitats basades en Internet
Authors: Hapel Rolf
Published: April 2022

Aquest article descriu diferents opcions per crear serveis per als usuaris destinats a promoure la lectura i la transferència de coneixement afavorint la cooperació entre biblioteques públiques amb finançament municipal daneses i establint biblioteques en xarxa o portals temàtics supervisats pel personal de les biblioteques. El procés de cooperació i la distribució i l'ús dels productes han estat possibles per la presència d'una infraestructura a Internet molt ben desenvolupada. Un component clau per a la promoció de la lectura és el portal a Internet litteratursiden.dk (portal danès sobre literatura),1 que permet que els autors coneguin els lectors al web i promou actes a l'espai físic de la biblioteca, com ara
LibraryThing : la catalogació a l'abast de tothom
Authors: Moreno Lanza Ferran
Published: April 2022

En aquest article es presenta l'eina web de catalogació de llibres LibraryThing, creada per Tim Spalding l'any 2005, que s'emmarca en l'anomenat Web 2.0 gràcies a les opcions que ofereix com a instrument social. Se'n descriuen l'origen i l'abast actual, les característiques que la diferencien d'altres eines semblants, les principals opcions de personalització i el procés de creació d'una biblioteca. Malgrat que ha estat concebut com una eina no professional, moltes biblioteques petites l'han adoptat, atès que és molt fàcil d'emprar. Això ha portat Tim Spalding i el seu equip a oferir versions per a organitzacions i un producte pensat especialment per compartir la informació de LibraryThing amb les biblioteques: LibraryThing for libraries.
Implementació d'una eina de metacerca : MetaLib i SFX
Authors: Vállez Letrado Mari , Benítez Juan Beatriz , Leg Gil Mireia
Published: April 2022

L'article presenta les característiques i funcionalitats principals de les eines MetaLib i SFX, programaris per a la gestió i accés als recursos electrònics. S'analitzen els programaris citant els diferents tipus de funcionalitats, i la gestió i el manteniment. El procés s'emmarca en l'experiència de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, membre del CBUC, i se n'expliquen la configuració, els reptes i les dificultats que es van produir durant la implementació dels sistemes.
El Archivo de la Palabra : contexto y proyecto del repositorio audiovisual del Ateneu Barcelonès
Authors: Alcaraz Martínez Rubén , Montes Oliva Sergi , Vicente Hernández Lluís , Blanco Moreno Mercedes , Álvaro Elena , Amorós Laia , Casas Pablo , Nieto Laura , Reig Marc
Published: April 2022

Se presentan los resultados del proyecto de digitalización del fondo audiovisual del Ateneu Barcelonès iniciado por el área de Biblioteca y Archivo Histórico en 2011. Se explica la metodología de trabajo haciendo énfasis en la gestión de los ficheros analógicos y nacidos digitales y en la problemática derivada de los derechos de autor. Finalmente, se presenta el Archivo de la Palabra y el @teneo hub, nuevos repositorio y web respectivamente, cuyo objetivo es difundir el patrimonio audiovisual y dar acceso centralizado a los diferentes contenidos generados por la entidad.
Els vídeos a les xarxes socials i els blogs corporatius : anàlisi dels perfils de les biblioteques públiques catalanes durant el primer mes de confinament de la COVID-19
Authors: Boté Vericad Juan-José , Sola Martínez María José
Published: April 2022

El propòsit principal d'aquest article és estudiar la presència dels vídeos als perfils de les xarxes socials i els blogs corporatius de les biblioteques públiques catalanes durant el primer mes de confinament (del 13 de març al 14 d'abril de 2020) amb un doble objectiu. El primer és saber si han creat o difós vídeos a les xarxes socials. El segon és delimitar-ne la tipologia i concretar el canal on s'han publicat. Com a pas previ, cal saber si les biblioteques públiques catalanes han estat actives a les xarxes socials durant aquest període independentment del contingut difós. Per a realitzar aquesta anàlisi s'ha creat un conjunt de dades d'accés obert, que compta amb criteris d'inclusió i exclusió, partint d'un fitxer de la Generalitat de Catalunya, que inclou dades geogràfiques, el nom de la biblioteca, els seus perfils de xarxes socials (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter i YouTube) i blogs. Per a avaluar les publicacions s'han definit dues tipologies de contingut, extern i propi, s'ha creat una escala de valoració (d'A a D) i s'han agrupat els vídeos en cinc tipologies (entrevistes, tutorials, entreteniment, ressenyes i live streaming). Sobre els resultats obtinguts cal comentar que, dels 507 registres inclosos, 372 (73,37 %) han tingut activitat; dels 886 perfils analitzats, 797 (89,95 %) han estat actius, i dels 4.377 vídeos estudiats, els més compartits han estats els d'entreteniment (3.110, 71,05 %). En les conclusions es detallen alguns aspectes observats a YouTube, Facebook i Twitter per a conèixer com es treballa el format vídeo a les biblioteques públiques catalanes.
Estratègia del moviment Wikimedia 2030 : com un procés d'estratègia oberta inclusiva ha situat la gent al centre
Authors: Miquel Ribé Marc , Vaidla Kaarel , Fort Francesc , Torres Anna
Published: April 2022

Objectius. L'any 2017, el moviment Wikimedia va embarcar-se en un procés d'estratègia oberta per decidir les principals línies d'acció cap a l'horitzó del 2030. Contràriament al desenvolupament de l'estratègia tradicional, un procés d'estratègia oberta permet a moltes persones generar, debatre i avaluar idees. Aquest estudi examina com aquest procés d'estratègia oberta i els documents generats donen suport a la inclusió i atenen les necessitats de les persones.
 Metodologia. Es revisen les pràctiques d'inclusivitat emprades en les diferents fases del procés d'estratègia oberta, que inclou aspectes com els modes de participació, la transparència i la presa de decisions. Mitjançant l'anàlisi del discurs es ressalten les principals característiques del producte estratègic creat i com ha estat interpretat pel moviment Wikimedia, tant per les comunitats en línia com pels afiliats.
 Resultats. Els resultats de l'estudi són dobles. En primer lloc, s'ha identificat una àmplia gamma de modes de participació usats per incloure els actors del moviment Wikimedia. En segon lloc, s'ha vist que els documents estratègics resultants situen les persones al centre del discurs, no només en la nova direcció estratègica proposada, sinó també en els principis i les recomanacions estratègiques que es van generar. Aquest estudi amplia el que es coneix de l'ús d'estratègies obertes en entorns amplis i col·laboratius i demostra que les pràctiques d'inclusivitat beneficien l'elaboració de propostes que tenen en compte els actors del moviment, que hauran d'implementar-les.
Conceptual framework on Smart Learning Environment- An Indian perspective
Authors: Singh Amrik
Published: April 2022

Learning  environments  have  changed  significantly  in  the  past  few  decades  due  to  the inclusion of emerging Information and Communication Technology (ICT), both in hardware and software, as well as various online media in classrooms. Learners  today  utilize  mobile  gadgets  and applications  as  their  primary  sources  of  information,  knowledge,  and  social  discourse.  However, despite  these  advances  in  learning all  technologies  and  the  way  learners  have  adapted  to  their changing  environments,  Technology is often used to supplement, rather than drive, the learning environment. Smart learning involves the emerging notion of smart technology. Incorporating smart learning techniques into class room teaching seems very interesting and constitutes complete knowledge pack. Further it is interesting to see what is being done, what issues are emerging, and what successes possible in the concerned areas that likely to occur in the next few years. In responding, this conceptual paper seeks to identify learning elements and approaches that might lead to stable, coherent and exhaustive understanding of smart learning environments, thereby providing standards development for learning, education.
Deficiencias en la regulación normativa en materia de seguridad vial por consumo de drogas: un ensayo aplicado sobre formación a los cuerpos y fuerzas de seguridad
Authors: Feria Ramos Esteban , Giner Alegria César Augusto
Published: April 2022

La presencia de drogas en el organismo de las personas que conducen vehículos representa un grave problema de seguridad. Según datos del Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses, éstas se encuentran en más de un 40% de los conductores que fallecen en accidentes de tránsito en nuestro país, cada año.

Uno de los principales escollos para abordar dicha problemática ha sido la falta de regulación de unas pruebas eficaces para su detección. El régimen de prueba cambia de forma drástica con la modificación del art. 796.1.7 de la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal (LECrim) en el año 2010. Entre los requisitos de dichas pruebas se encuentra la formación específica de los agentes de la autoridad encargados de la vigilancia y seguridad del tráfico que las realicen.

El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar la necesidad de esa formación específica, así como dar respuesta a distintas cuestiones problemáticas surgidas respecto a la misma.

Entre las problemáticas: la deficiente regulación de la normativa administrativa reguladora de las pruebas; la competencia para diseñar, impartir y/u homologar dicha formación; la ausencia de requisitos mínimos; etc.

Se estudiará y revisará, para ello, la normativa aplicable tanto de ámbito penal y procesal como administrativo, jurisprudencia y trabajos publicados al respecto, así como las distintas situaciones planteadas en distintas comunidades autónomas.

Por último, se ofrecerán los resultados y conclusiones: se justificará la exigencia, en todo caso, de la formación específica habilitante para los funcionarios encargados de realizar las pruebas de detección de drogas; la necesidad de  homogeneizar dicha formación en cuanto a contenidos, duración mínimos, metodología; y la competencia para ello.
Attention/Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescent and Young Adult Males With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Klusek Jessica , O'Connor Shannon L. , Hickey Alexandra , Hills Kimberly J. , Abbeduto Leonard , Roberts Jane E.
Published: April 2022

This study characterized the rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescent and young adult males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) using a multi-method approach integrating a DSM-based parent interview (Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes; P-ChIPS, Fristad et al., 1998) and a parent rating scale (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL, Achenbach, 2001). Thirty-one males with FXS, aged 16–24 years, participated. Forty-two percent met DSM-5 criteria for ADHD and 35% exceeded the CBCL cut-offs. Agreement between the two classification methods was fair (κ = 0.38). Autism symptom severity and nonverbal cognitive ability did not predict ADHD diagnoses/symptoms. Results show high rates of ADHD in males with FXS during late adolescence and young adulthood, which are not accounted for by impaired nonverbal cognitive skills or autism symptom severity. DSM-based ADHD-specific scales are recommended over broadband symptom scales to improve accurate identification.
Change in Maladaptive Behavior Affects Intergenerational Relationships in Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Lorang Emily , Hong Jinkuk , DaWalt Leann Smith , Mailick Marsha
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the bidirectional effects of change in maladaptive behaviors among adolescents and adults with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and change in their intergenerational family relationships over a 7.5-year period. Indicators of the intergenerational family relationship between premutation carrier mothers and their adolescent or adult son/daughter with FXS included a measure of the quality of the relationship, as well as descriptions provided by mothers of their relationship with their son/daughter (positive remarks, critical remarks). Maladaptive behaviors decreased, maternal positive remarks increased, and maternal critical remarks and relationship quality remained stable over time. Bidirectional effects of change were observed in predicting maladaptive behaviors and maternal positive remarks, although maladaptive behaviors more strongly predicted positive remarks than the reciprocal association. This research suggests prioritizing maladaptive behaviors in the context of family interventions.
How Ohio's proposed abortion bans would impact travel distance to access abortion care
Authors: Chakraborty Payal , Murawsky Stef , Smith Mikaela H. , McGowan Michelle L. , Norris Alison H. , Bessett Danielle
Published: April 2022

Context

Since March 2021, the Ohio legislature has been actively considering laws that would ban abortion if the United States Supreme Court overturns the Roe v. Wade decision that legalized abortion nationally in 1973.

Methods

We used a national database of publicly advertised abortion facilities to calculate driving distances for Ohioans before and after the activation of proposed abortion bans. Using a legal analysis of abortion laws following the overturn of Roe, we determined which states surrounding Ohio would continue providing abortion care. We calculated distances from each Ohio county centroid to the nearest open abortion facility in three scenarios: (1) as of February 2022, (2) the best‐case post‐Roe scenario (two of the five surrounding states continue to offer abortion care), and (3) worst‐case post‐Roe scenario (no surrounding states continue to offer abortion care). We calculated population‐weighted distances using county‐level data about women aged 15–44 years from the 2019 American Community Survey.

Results

In February 2022, all Ohio county centroids were at most 99 miles from an abortion facility (median = 50 miles). The best‐case post‐Roe scenario shows 62 of Ohio's 88 counties to be 115–279 miles away from the nearest facility (median = 146). The worst‐case shows 85 counties to be 191–339 miles away from the nearest facility (median = 264). The current average population‐weighted driving distance from county centroid to the nearest facility is 26 miles; the post‐Roe scenarios would increase this to 157 miles (best‐case) or 269 miles (worst‐case).

Conclusions

Ohio's proposed abortion bans would substantially increase travel distances to abortion care, impacting over 2.2 million reproductive‐aged Ohioans.
Broadband achromatic polarization-insensitive metalens in the mid-wave infrared range
Authors: Xie Yao , Zhang Jianqi , Wang Shiyu , Liu Delian , Wu Xin
Published: April 2022

Infrared imaging is widely used in astronomical observation, medical diagnosis, and military applications. In recent years, metasurface technology has provided an unparalleled platform for the development of miniaturized and integrated infrared imaging systems. However, metasurfaces normally have inevitable chromatic aberration due to the high phase dispersion of the building blocks, which makes broadband achromatic infrared imaging difficult to realize. In this paper, we propose a polarization-insensitive metalens with a numerical aperture of 0.38 that can eliminate chromatic aberration for unpolarized incidences with the wavelength ranging from 3 to 5 µm. The simulated results show that within the design bandwidth, the proposed device achieves near-diffraction limit focusing and can increase the fill factor of infrared focal plane array pixels by 2.3 times, from 11.1% to 36.4%, with an excellent optical crosstalk performance of about 2.72%. Our work may pave the way for the practical application of achromatic metalenses in mid-wave infrared imaging equipment.
Design and test of a laser lighting device for plant growth
Authors: Lan Yanting , Guo Yifan , Wang Tian , Chen Xiaodong , Chu Qingquan
Published: April 2022

Aiming at the problems of high energy consumption, complex wiring, high layout cost, limited use environment, and limited function of conventional plant lighting equipment such as fluorescent lamps, sodium lamps, etc., this paper develops a type of laser device for plant growth with nanometer lasers based on the design of an intelligent control system of an immune algorithm, constant current driving circuit of the laser, pulse power supply, and rotatable intelligent platform to make the device more stable, reliable, practical, and energy efficient, and provides a useful reference for the innovation and application of materials, processes, and methods of plant lighting. The effects of nanometer laser light supplementation on the growth of purple lettuce, romaine lettuce, Chinese cabbage, and you-mai vegetable have been studied with the vegetables mentioned above as experimental materials and with natural light as the control sample. The results show that the nanometer laser device significantly increases stem height, stem thickness, leaf area, leaf number, and chlorophyll content, effectively promotes plant growth, and achieves efficient cultivation. In the future, studies of the effects of laser treatment on plant physiology and biochemistry will be sped up to explore the molecular biological mechanism of lasers to promote application and technological innovation of lasers in lighting for plant growth and the laser device in productivity.
Generation and characteristics of a nano-scale controllable dual-light vortex
Authors: Li Yue , Wang Guanxue , Sun Xiaojie , Li Ziyan , Kang Xiangyu , Dong Xiangmei , Gao Xiumin
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the vector vortex field of a tightly focusing system with a high numerical aperture is adjusted, and a nano-scale controllable dual-light vortex is obtained. At the same time, the topological chargem, parameterβ, and phase parameter ν at the focal plane are changed by numerical simulation, and the focusing characteristics of the nano-scale controllable dual-light vortex are deeply studied, including the movement of the dual-light vortex and the energy flow. We also study the transmission characteristics in thezaxis, and the results are consistent with the focusing characteristics. To analyze the manipulation ability of the two-light vortex, the corresponding gradient force distribution is calculated. At present, most research on vortex beams focuses on their topological charges on light intensity and beam shaping. There is a lack of in-depth research on nano-scale vortex beam regulation of tight focus systems under high numerical apertures. This paper innovatively modulates the nano-scale controllable dual-light vortex, which has extremely important application significance in the fields of optical communication, optical micromanipulation (high-precision manipulation), and rotation detection.
Pixelated volume holographic optical element for augmented reality 3D display
Authors: Lu Fei , Hua Jianyu , Zhou Fengbin , Xia Zhongwen , Li Ruibin , Chen Linsen , Qiao Wen
Published: April 2022

Augmented reality (AR) three-dimensional (3D) display is the hardware entrance of metaverse and attracts great interest. The fusion of physical world with 3D virtual images is non-trivial. In this paper, we proposed an AR 3D display based on a pixelated volume holographic optical element (P-VHOE). The see-through combiner is prepared by spatial multiplexing. A prototype of AR 3D display with high diffraction efficiency (78.59%), high transmission (>80%) and non-repeating views is realized. Virtual 3D objects with high fidelity in depth is reconstructed by P-VHOE, with a complex wavelet structural similarity (CW-SSIM) value of 0.9882. The proposed prototype provides an efficient solution for a compact glasses-free AR 3D display. Potential applications include window display, exhibition, education, teleconference.
Retrieval of sound-velocity profile in ocean by employing Brillouin scattering LiDAR
Authors: Shi Jiulin , Xu Ning , Luo Ningning , Li Shujing , Xu Jinjun , He Xingdao
Published: April 2022

Accurate remote sensing of the sound velocity profile of the upper-ocean mixed layers is of major important in oceanography, especially in underwater acoustic communication. However, the existing technologies cannot realize fast and real-time detection on sound velocity profile, a cost efficiency, flexibility, and real-time remote sensing technique is still highly urgent. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) LiDAR for retrieving the sound velocity profile. The sound velocity profiles in the upper-ocean mixed layer of South China Sea were retrieved theoretically and experimentally. We simulated the sound velocity profile of the upper-ocean mixed layer in South China Sea by using the Del Grosso algorithm and the data of temperature, salinity, depth selected from the World Ocean Atlas 2018 (WOA18). We designed a special ocean simulation system to measure the sound velocity in seawater with different temperatures, salinities, and pressures through measuring the frequency shift of SBS. Based on the measured sound velocities, we built a retrieval equation to express the sound velocity as a function of temperature, salinity, and pressure. Then, we retrieved the sound velocity profile of the upper-ocean mixed layer of South China Sea by using the retrieval equation. The results show that the retrieved sound velocity profile is good agreement with the theoretical simulation, and the difference between them is approximately 1∼2 m/s. Also, we have analyzed the differences between the theoretical simulation and experimental measurement. This work is essential to future application for remote sensing the sound velocity distribution profiles of the upper-ocean mixed layers by using the Brillouin LiDAR technique.
Single-shot multi-color fluorescence microscopy via a colorimetry camera
Authors: Wang Yujie , Kuang Weibing , Huang Zhen-Li
Published: April 2022

Multi-color fluorescence microscopy presents highly detailed biological samples interactively. However, current multi-color methods suffer from an intricate optical setup, complicated image analysis, or a long acquisition time. To address these issues, here we develop a simple multi-color method based on a customized colorimetry camera to enable the detection of multiple structures from single-shot acquisition. The unfiltered channel (W pixels) and color channels (R, G, B, and NIR pixels) in this customized camera simultaneously provide a broad detection wavelength range and high detection sensitivity. We built a simple optical setup by replacing the monochrome camera in a basic fluorescence microscopy system with a colorimetry camera, and developed effective image analysis procedures to reconstruct a multi-color image from a single frame of a raw image. We demonstrated single-shot four-color wide-field fluorescence imaging on fixed cos-7 cells with < 5% cross talk, which is comparable to the best reported values. Our method greatly simplifies both the optical system and image analysis in the widely used method of multi-color fluorescence microscopy, thus offering an effective and easy way to study multiple objects at the same time.
Probing coherence Stokes parameters of three-component light with nanoscatterers
Authors: Guo Mengwen , Norrman Andreas , Friberg Ari T. , Setälä Tero
Published: April 2022

We establish a method to determine the spectral coherence Stokes parameters of a random three-component optical field via scattering by two dipolar nanoparticles. We show that measuring the intensity and polarization-state fringes of the scattered far field in three directions allows us to construct all nine coherence Stokes parameters at the dipoles. The method extends current nanoprobe techniques to detection of the spatial coherence of random light with arbitrary three-dimensional polarization structure.
Computational 3D microscopy with optical coherence refraction tomography
Authors: Zhou Kevin C. , McNabb Ryan P. , Qian Ruobing , Degan Simone , Dhalla Al-Hafeez , Farsiu Sina , Izatt Joseph A.
Published: April 2022

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has seen widespread success as an in vivo clinical diagnostic 3D imaging modality, impacting areas including ophthalmology, cardiology, and gastroenterology. Despite its many advantages, such as high sensitivity, speed, and depth penetration, OCT suffers from several shortcomings that ultimately limit its utility as a 3D microscopy tool, such as its pervasive coherent speckle noise and poor lateral resolution required to maintain millimeter-scale imaging depths. Here, we present 3D optical coherence refraction tomography (OCRT), a computational extension of OCT that synthesizes an incoherent contrast mechanism by combining multiple OCT volumes, acquired across two rotation axes, to form a resolution-enhanced, speckle-reduced, refraction-corrected 3D reconstruction. Our label-free computational 3D microscope features a novel optical design incorporating a parabolic mirror to enable the capture of 5D plenoptic datasets, consisting of millimetric 3D fields of view over up to

±

75
∘

without moving the sample. We demonstrate that 3D OCRT reveals 3D features unobserved by conventional OCT in fruit fly, zebrafish, and mouse samples.
Patient-centered approach to the management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in France: How far off the mark are we?
Authors: Kherabi Yousra , Mollo Bastien , Gerard Sandrine , Lescure François-Xavier , Rioux Christophe , Yazdanpanah Yazdan
Published: April 2022

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a major public health concern worldwide. The prolonged isolation required is a source of challenges for both healthcare workers and patients, especially in high-income countries where DR-TB patients are frequently migrants with vulnerabilities. However, data on the needs of these vulnerable patients are scarce. Our objective was to identify and quantify conflict or inappropriate care situations experienced by both DR-TB patients and healthcare workers. This 10-year retrospective observational study (01/2008 to 10/2018) was conducted in a referral center for resistant tuberculosis management in Paris, France. Sixty-five DR-TB patients were hospitalized during the study period. Their demographic, clinical and social characteristics and any conflict or inappropriate care situations they experienced with healthcare workers while hospitalized were analyzed. Conflict or inappropriate care situations with healthcare workers were reported for 24 patients during their stay (36.9%). Eleven patients (16.9%) had difficulty adhering to respiratory isolation rules, 15 (23.1%) were discharged against medical advice, 9 (13.8%) were excluded from hospital for disciplinary reasons, verbal or physical violence was reported for 7 patients (10.8%), and 4 arrests (6.2%) were made by the police. Conflict situations were reported more often when there was a language barrier (70.8%, p<0.0001). More than one-third of patients with DR-TB in this referral center experienced at least one inappropriate care situation with healthcare workers. This study illustrates the urgent need to promote a patient-centered approach and to respond to the challenges of its practical implementation.
Aedes aegypti abundance and insecticide resistance profiles in the Applying Wolbachia to Eliminate Dengue trial
Authors: Tantowijoyo Warsito , Tanamas Stephanie K. , Nurhayati Indah , Setyawan Sigit , Budiwati Nida , Fitriana Iva , Ernesia Inggrid , Wardana Dwi Satria , Supriyati Endah , Arguni Eggi , Meitika Yeti , Prabowo Equatori , Andari Bekti , Green Benjamin R. , Hodgson Lauren , Rancès Edwige , Ryan Peter A. , O’Neill Scott L. , Anders Katherine L. , Ansari M. Ridwan , Indriani Citra , Ahmad Riris Andono , Utarini Adi , Simmons Cameron P.
Published: April 2022

The Applying Wolbachia to Eliminate Dengue (AWED) trial was a parallel cluster randomised trial that demonstrated Wolbachia (wMel) introgression into Ae. aegypti populations reduced dengue incidence. In this predefined substudy, we compared between treatment arms, the relative abundance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus before, during and after wMel-introgression. Between March 2015 and March 2020, 60,084 BG trap collections yielded 478,254 Ae. aegypti and 17,623 Ae. albopictus. Between treatment arms there was no measurable difference in Ae. aegypti relative abundance before or after wMel-deployments, with a count ratio of 0.96 (95% CI 0.76, 1.21) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.85, 1.17) respectively. More Ae. aegypti were caught per trap per week in the wMel-intervention arm compared to the control arm during wMel deployments (count ratio 1.23 (95% CI 1.03, 1.46)). Between treatment arms there was no measurable difference in the Ae. albopictus population size before, during or after wMel-deployment (overall count ratio 1.10 (95% CI 0.89, 1.35)). We also compared insecticide resistance phenotypes of Ae. aegypti in the first and second years after wMel-deployments. Ae. aegypti field populations from wMel-treated and untreated arms were similarly resistant to malathion (0.8%), permethrin (1.25%) and cyfluthrin (0.15%) in year 1 and year 2 of the trial. In summary, we found no between-arm differences in the relative abundance of Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus prior to or after wMel introgression, and no between-arm difference in Ae. aegypti insecticide resistance phenotypes. These data suggest neither Aedes abundance, nor insecticide resistance, confounded the epidemiological outcomes of the AWED trial.
Transplacental Zika virus transmission in ex vivo perfused human placentas
Authors: Langerak Thomas , Broekhuizen Michelle , Unger Peter-Paul Alexander , Tan Lunbo , Koopmans Marion , van Gorp Eric , Danser A. H. Jan , Rockx Barry
Published: April 2022

A Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can result in severe birth defects such as microcephaly. To date, it is incompletely understood how ZIKV can cross the human placenta. Furthermore, results from studies in pregnant mice and non-human primates are conflicting regarding the role of cross-reactive dengue virus (DENV) antibodies on transplacental ZIKV transmission. Elucidating how ZIKV can cross the placenta and which risk factors contribute to this is important for risk assessment and for potential intervention strategies for transplacental ZIKV transmission. In this study we use an ex vivo human placental perfusion model to study transplacental ZIKV transmission and the effect that cross-reactive DENV antibodies have on this transmission. By using this model, we demonstrate that DENV antibodies significantly increase ZIKV uptake in perfused human placentas and that this increased uptake is neonatal Fc-receptor-dependent. Furthermore, we show that cross-reactive DENV antibodies enhance ZIKV infection in term human placental explants and in primary fetal macrophages but not in primary trophoblasts. Our data supports the hypothesis that presence of cross-reactive DENV antibodies could be an important risk factor for transplacental ZIKV transmission. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ex vivo placental perfusion model is a relevant and animal friendly model to study transplacental pathogen transmission.
New land-use change scenarios for Brazil: Refining global SSPs with a regional spatially-explicit allocation model
Authors: Silva Bezerra Francisco Gilney , Von Randow Celso , Assis Talita Oliveira , Bezerra Karine Rocha Aguiar , Tejada Graciela , Castro Aline Anderson , Gomes Diego Melo de Paula , Avancini Rodrigo , Aguiar Ana Paula
Published: April 2022

The future of land use and cover change in Brazil, particularly due to deforestation and forest restoration processes, is critical for the future of global climate and biodiversity, given the richness of its five biomes. These changes in Brazil depend on the interlink between global factors due to its role as one of the main exporters of commodities globally and the national to local institutional, socioeconomic, and biophysical contexts. Aiming to develop scenarios that consider the balance between global (e.g., GDP growth, population growth, per capita consumption of agricultural products, international trade policies, and climatic conditions) and local factors (e.g., land use, agrarian structure, agricultural suitability, protected areas, distance to roads, and other infrastructure projects), a new set of land-use change scenarios for Brazil were developed that aligned with the global structure Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCPs) developed by the global change research community. The narratives of the new scenarios align with SSP1/RCP 1.9 (Sustainable development scenario), SSP2/RCP 4.5 (Middle of the road scenario), and SSP3/RCP 7.0 (Strong inequality scenario). The scenarios were developed by combining the LuccME spatially explicit land change allocation modeling framework and the INLAND surface model to incorporate the climatic variables in water deficit. Based on detailed biophysical, socioeconomic, and institutional factors for each biome in Brazil, we have created spatially explicit scenarios until 2050, considering the following classes: forest vegetation, grassland vegetation, planted pasture, agriculture, a mosaic of small land uses, and forestry. The results aim to detail global models regionally. They could be used regionally to support decision-making and enrich the global analysis.
Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics before and after treatment: Incidence of eradication failure
Authors: Nestegard Oddmund , Moayeri Behrouz , Halvorsen Fred-Arne , Tønnesen Tor , Sørbye Sveinung Wergeland , Paulssen Eyvind , Johnsen Kay-Martin , Goll Rasmus , Florholmen Jon Ragnar , Melby Kjetil K.
Published: April 2022

Background

Increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance especially to clarithromycin and metronidazole has been observed in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).

Aim

To characterize the antimicrobial resistance pattern of H. pylori before and after treatment in a cohort of patients accumulated over a period of 15 years after an unsuccessful eradication treatment had been given comparing sensitivity data from patients with newly diagnosed H. pylori infection. A specific objective was to look for resistance to levofloxacin.

Material and methods

Total of 50 patients newly diagnosed for H. pylori infection treated with omeprazole and amoxicillin/clarithromycin and 42 H pylori treatment-resistant patients treated with omeprazole and amoxicillin/levofloxacin were enrolled in this study. Cultures including antibiotic sensitivity testing were conducted according to standard laboratory routines and thus also in keeping with a European study protocol using E-test gradient strips or disc diffusion methods.

Results

Clarithromycin resistance was more frequently observed in the H. pylori resistant group than in newly diagnosed H. pylori group (39% versus 11%). Regarding metronidazole the distribution was 70% versus 38%, and 8% versus 12% were resistant to tetracycline. No resistance was observed for amoxicillin. After re-treatment of patients belonging to the H. pylori treatment-resistant group, just two patient strains were recovered of which one harbored metronidazole resistance. In the group of newly diagnosed H. pylori, seven patients were culture positive by control after treatment. Two and three patient strains showing resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole, respectively. None of the strains in our material was classified as resistant to amoxicillin and levofloxacin. Whereas 12% was resistant to tetracycline in the newly diagnosed before treatment.

Conclusion

Clarithromycin resistance was more frequent in the H. pylori treatment-resistant group than strains from patients with newly diagnosed H. pylori infection. No resistance was observed to amoxicillin and levofloxacin. In such cases Therefore levofloxacin may be used provided in vitro sensitivity testing confirms applicability.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05019586.
Antidepressants and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for patients with depression: Analysis of the medical expenditure panel survey from the United States
Authors: Almohammed Omar A. , Alsalem Abdulaziz A. , Almangour Abdullah A. , Alotaibi Lama H. , Al Yami Majed S. , Lai Leanne
Published: April 2022

Background

Despite the empirical literature demonstrating the efficacy of antidepressant medications for treatment of depression disorder, these medications’ effect on patients’ overall well-being and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) remains controversial. This study investigates the effect of antidepressant medication use on patient-reported HRQoL for patients who have depression.

Methods

A comparative cohort, secondary database analysis was conducted using data from the United States’ Medical Expenditures Panel Survey for patients who had depression. HRQoL was measured using the SF-12 and reported as physical and mental component summaries (PCS and MCS). A cohort of patients that used antidepressant medications were compared to a cohort of patients that did not. Univariate and multivariate difference-in-differences (D-I-D) analyses were used to assess the significance of the mean difference of change on the PCS and MCS from baseline to follow-up.

Results

On average, 17.5 million adults were diagnosed with depression disorder each year during the period 2005–2016. The majority were female (67.9%), a larger proportion of whom received antidepressant medications (60.5% vs. 51.5% of males). Although use of antidepressants was associated with some improvement on the MCS, D-I-D univariate analysis revealed no significant difference between the two cohorts in PCS (–0.35 vs. –0.34, p = 0.9595) or MCS (1.28 vs. 1.13, p = 0.6405). The multivariate D-I-D analyses ensured the robustness of these results.

Conclusion

The real-world effect of using antidepressant medications does not continue to improve patients’ HRQoL over time. Future studies should not only focus on the short-term effect of pharmacotherapy, it should rather investigate the long-term impact of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions on these patients’ HRQoL.
Social reputation influences on liking and willingness-to-pay for artworks: A multimethod design investigating choice behavior along with physiological measures and motivational factors
Authors: Spee Blanca T. M. , Pelowski Matthew , Arato Jozsef , Mikuni Jan , Tran Ulrich S. , Eisenegger Christoph , Leder Helmut
Published: April 2022

Art, as a prestigious cultural commodity, concerns aesthetic and monetary values, personal tastes, and social reputation in various social contexts—all of which are reflected in choices concerning our liking, or in other contexts, our actual willingness-to-pay for artworks. But, how do these different aspects interact in regard to the concept of social reputation and our private versus social selves, which appear to be essentially intervening, and potentially conflicting, factors driving choice? In our study, we investigated liking and willingness-to-pay choices using—in art research—a novel, forced-choice paradigm. Participants (N = 123) made choices from artwork-triplets presented with opposing artistic quality and monetary value-labeling, thereby creating ambiguous choice situations. Choices were made in either private or in social/public contexts, in which participants were made to believe that either art-pricing or art-making experts were watching their selections. A multi-method design with eye-tracking, neuroendocrinology (testosterone, cortisol), and motivational factors complemented the behavioral choice analysis. Results showed that artworks, of which participants were told were of high artistic value were more often liked and those of high monetary-value received more willingness-to-pay choices. However, while willingness-to-pay was significantly affected by the presumed observation of art-pricing experts, liking selections did not differ between private/public contexts. Liking choices, compared to willingness-to-pay, were also better predicted by eye movement patterns. Whereas, hormone levels had a stronger relation with monetary aspects (willingness-to-pay/ art-pricing expert). This was further confirmed by motivational factors representative for reputation seeking behavior. Our study points to an unexplored terrain highlighting the linkage of social reputation mechanisms and its impact on choice behavior with a ubiquitous commodity, art.
Effect of intrinsic foot muscles training on foot function and dynamic postural balance: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Zhen , Zeng Ziwei , Liu Min , Wang Lin
Published: April 2022

This systematic review aimed to analyse the effects of intrinsic foot muscle (IFM) training on foot function and dynamic postural balance. Keywords related to IFM training were used to search four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases.) for relevant studies published between January 2011 and February 2021. The methodological quality of the intervention studies was assessed independently by two reviewers by using the modified Downs and Black quality index. Publication bias was also assessed on the basis of funnel plots. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021232984). Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria (10 with high quality and 6 with moderate quality). Numerous biomechanical variables were evaluated after IFM training intervention. These variables included IFM characteristics, medial longitudinal arch morphology and dynamic postural balance. This systematic review demonstrated that IFM training can exert positive biomechanical effects on the medial longitudinal arch, improve dynamic postural balance and act as an important training method for sports enthusiasts. Future studies should optimise standardised IFM training methods in accordance with the demands of different sports.
Antimicrobial prophylaxis does not improve post-surgical outcomes in SIV/SHIV-uninfected or SIV/SHIV-infected macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis) based on a retrospective analysis
Authors: Moats Cassandra , Cook Kimberly , Armantrout Kimberly , Crank Hugh , Uttke Samantha , Maher Kelly , Bochart Rachele M. , Lawrence George , Axthelm Michael K. , Smedley Jeremy V.
Published: April 2022

Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis is indicated when performing contaminated surgeries, when specific surgical implants are placed, and for prolonged surgical procedures. Unnecessary prophylactic antibiotics are often utilized for macaque surgeries, despite medical and veterinary guidelines. In this study we compared complication rates in macaques receiving peripheral lymph node (PLN) and laparoscopic biopsies, with and without antimicrobial prophylaxis. A majority of animals were SIV or SHIV infected at the time of surgery, so we also compared post-operative complication rates based on infection status. We found no significant difference in PLN biopsy complication rates for animals that received antimicrobial prophylaxis versus those that did not. Animals who underwent laparoscopic procedures and received prophylactic antibiotics had a higher complication rate than those who did not receive them. Complication rates did not differ significantly for SIV/SHIV infected versus uninfected animals for both laparoscopic biopsy procedures and PLN biopsy procedures. SIV/SHIV infected animals that underwent PLN biopsies had no significant difference in complication rates with and without antimicrobial prophylaxis, and SIV/SHIV infected animals receiving prophylactic antibiotics for laparoscopic biopsies had a higher complication rate than those that did not. This study suggests that perioperative prophylactic antibiotics have no role in the management of SIV/SHIV-infected and uninfected macaques undergoing clean, minimally invasive surgeries. Additionally, we recommend eliminating unnecessary antibiotic use in study animals due to their potential confounding impacts on research models and their potential to promote antimicrobial resistance.
Association of measured quality with financial health among U.S. hospitals
Authors: Enumah Samuel J. , Resnick Andrew S. , Chang David C.
Published: April 2022

Background

High-quality care is a clear objective for hospital leaders, but hospitals must balance investing in quality with financial stability. Poor hospital financial health can precipitate closure, limiting patients’ access to care. Whether hospital quality is associated with financial health remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to compare financial performance at high-quality and low-quality hospitals.

Methods

We performed a retrospective observational cohort study of U.S. hospitals using the American Hospital Association and Hospital Compare datasets for years 2013 to 2018. We used multilevel mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models with fixed year effects and random intercepts for hospitals to identify associations between hospitals’ measured quality outcomes—30-day hospital-wide readmission rate and the patient safety indicator-90 (PSI-90)—and their financial margins and risk of financial distress in the same year and the subsequent year. Our sample included 20,919 observations from 4,331 unique hospitals.

Results

In 2018, the median 30-day readmission rate was 15.2 (interquartile range [IQR] 14.8–15.6), the median PSI-90 score was 0.96 (IQR 0.89–1.07), the median operating margin was -1.8 (IQR -9.7–5.9), and 750 (22.7%) hospitals experienced financial distress. Hospitals in the best quintile of readmission rates experienced higher operating margins (+0.95%, 95% CI [0.51–1.39], p < .001) and lower odds of distress (odds ratio [OR] 0.56, 95% CI [0.45–0.70], p < .001) in the same year as compared to hospitals in the worst quintile. Hospitals in the best quintile of PSI-90 had higher operating margins (+0.62%, 95% CI [0.17–1.08], p = .007) and lower odds of financial distress (OR 0.70, 95% CI [0.55–0.89], p = .003) as compared to hospitals in the worst quintile. The results were qualitatively similar for the same-year and lag-year analyses.

Conclusion

Hospitals that deliver high-quality outcomes may experience superior financial performance compared to hospitals with poor-quality outcomes.
Maternal body composition and gestational weight gain in relation to asthma control during pregnancy
Authors: Stevens Danielle R. , Rohn Matthew C. H. , Hinkle Stefanie N. , Williams Andrew D. , Kumar Rajesh , Lipsky Leah M. , Grobman William , Sherman Seth , Kanner Jenna , Chen Zhen , Mendola Pauline
Published: April 2022

Background

Poor asthma control is common during pregnancy and contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Identification of risk factors for poor gestational asthma control is crucial.

Objective

Examine associations of body composition and gestational weight gain with asthma control in a prospective pregnancy cohort (n = 299).

Methods

Exposures included pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), first trimester skinfolds, and trimester-specific gestational weight gain. Outcomes included percent predicted forced expiratory volumes (FEV1, FEV6), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), FEV1/FVC, symptoms (activity limitation, nighttime symptoms, inhaler use, and respiratory symptoms), and exacerbations (asthma attacks, medical encounters). Linear and Poisson models examined associations with lung function (β (95% confidence interval (CI)), asthma symptom burden (relative rate ratio (RR (95%CI)), and exacerbations (RR (95%CI)).

Results

Women with a BMI ≥ 30 had lower percent predicted FVC across pregnancy (βThirdTrimester: -5.20 (-8.61, -1.78)) and more frequent night symptoms in the first trimester (RR: 1.66 (1.08, 2.56)). Higher first trimester skinfolds were associated with lower FEV1, FEV6, and FVC, and more frequent night symptoms and inhaler use across pregnancy. Excessive first trimester gestational weight gain was associated with more frequent activity limitation in the first trimester (RR: 3.36 (1.15, 9.80)) and inhaler use across pregnancy (RRThirdTrimester: 3.49 (1.21, 10.02)).

Conclusions

Higher adiposity and first trimester excessive gestational weight gain were associated with restrictive changes in lung function and symptomology during pregnancy.