bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Financing Framework for Sustainable Development in Emerging Economies: The Case of Uruguay
Authors: Gambetta Nicolás , Azadian Paula , Hourcade Victoria , Reyes María Elisa
Published: February 2019

This paper explores the financing framework for sustainable development in Uruguay, an emerging economy, and examines whether available financing instruments contribute to achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in which significant progress is still required in this country. Reports, policy documents and academic literature were reviewed to determine the types of sustainable development financing instruments available, and to analyse the challenges facing emerging economies in this regard. In addition, the financing programmes available from the public sector, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the financial sector and multilateral credit agencies were examined. The results obtained show that the main financing sources for sustainable development are located within the public sector due to the absence of a developed financial market, and that the existing financial instruments do not address the SDGs where most attention is required. The latter circumstances make it challenging to achieve these SDGs in Uruguay. The study findings highlight the need for greater coordination among all parties to make efficient use of the scarce resources available to an emerging economy and thus enable it to meet its SDGs.
Solid Fuel from Oil Palm Biomass Residues and Municipal Solid Waste by Hydrothermal Treatment for Electrical Power Generation in Malaysia: A Review
Authors: Hamzah Norfadhilah , Tokimatsu Koji , Yoshikawa Kunio
Published: February 2019

Malaysia generated 156,665 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of electricity in 2016 of which the biggest share of 48.4% was sourced from coal and coke. Malaysia coal consumption was met by 90.5% of imported coal due to high demand from the power sector. Malaysia also has a vast biomass resource that is currently under-utilised for electricity generation. This paper reviews the potential of oil palm residues and municipal solid waste (MSW) for alternative coal replacement employing hydrothermal treatment (HTT). In 2017, about 51.19 million tonnes (Mt) of oil palm waste was available with 888.33 peta-joule (PJ) energy potential to generate 88.03 terawatt-hours (TWh) electricity from oil palm fronds (OPF) and oil palm trunks (OPT), empty fruit bunch (EFB), mesocarp fibre (MF), palm kernel shell (PKS) and palm oil mill effluent (POME). Meanwhile, the MSW energy potential and electricity generation potential was estimated at 86.50 PJ/year and 8.57 TWh/year, respectively. HTT with washing co-treatment eliminates the use of drying for converting range of biomass and MSW into clean solid fuel known as hydrochar. The hydrochar increased in caloric value with lower moisture, Potassium (K) and Chlorine (Cl) contents. These value-added fuels can be used as coal alternative and reduce dependency on imported coal for energy security in Malaysia.
Emission Factors of a Euro VI Heavy-duty Diesel Refuse Collection Vehicle
Authors: Giechaskiel Barouch , Gioria Roberto , Carriero Massimo , Lähde Tero , Forloni Fabrizio , Perujo Adolfo , Martini Giorgio , Bissi Luigi Maurizio , Terenghi Roberto
Published: February 2019

Modern (Euro VI) heavy-duty vehicles have significantly lower pollutant emissions than older vehicles. However, there are still concerns regarding the emissions of refuse collection vehicles in cities, because in some cases they may use engines designed for long haulage trucks. For this reason, we tested a diesel Euro VI (step C) refuse collection heavy-duty vehicle, both in the laboratory on a chassis dynamometer and on the road, similar to the regulated in-service conformity cycle, but also with actual refuse collection cycles. Particle number (PN) and gaseous pollutants (NOx, CO, HC) were measured using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). Additionally, in the laboratory we used laboratory grade gaseous, particle number, and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) systems to assess the PEMS. For short periods, where the exhaust gas temperature was low for the aftertreatment devices (cold start, some city conditions), the NOx emissions reached 2000 mg/km. Nevertheless, all pollutants were well below the applicable emissions limits expressed in mg/kWh for all cycles examined (in brackets the ratio to the laboratory limit): NOx < 400 mg/kWh (0.87), CO < 850 mg/kWh (0.21), HC < 12 mg/kWh (0.08), PN < 2.4×1010 p/kWh (0.04). To make sure that this will always be the case, future heavy-duty type approval emissions regulations should specifically consider the urban conditions for municipality vehicles, such as refuse trucks.
Rethinking on Cultural Sustainability in Architecture: Projects of Behruz Çinici
Authors: Postalcı İkbal Ece , Atay Güldehan Fatma
Published: February 2019

This study aims to open a discussion on the concept of cultural sustainability in architectural design. We asked the question of whether spatial planning has a role in cultural sustainability and in which terms cultural sustainability could be considered or discussed in the design process. We started with a presupposition of an example that achieved cultural sustainability in time. We exemplified a holiday resort village designed in 1970, which is still in use with inconsiderable transformations. Social engineering was a necessity for the architects, Altuğ and Behruz Çinici, and their design approach was to achieve sustainable living considering financial, ecological, environmental, and cultural dimensions. Behruz Çinici and his wife, Altuğ Çinici, were influential architects of their time. For an understanding of Çinici’s design concepts, we first looked at the inspiration sources mentioned in his conferences. After studying their village projects, we suggested four spatial concepts for reading projects from the perspective of cultural sustainability. We analyzed their three resort villages, which were designed in the same decade, through the criteria we have suggested. In the evaluation, the distinguished features of Çinici’s resort projects are discussed in relation to the concept of cultural sustainability. In conclusion, we aim to open a discussion for the criteria we proposed for cultural sustainability in spatial planning, and to emphasize the importance of cultural practices for housing policies for regional identity in a global world.
Identification and Classification of Maize Drought Stress Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: An Jiangyong , Li Wanyi , Li Maosong , Cui Sanrong , Yue Huanran
Published: February 2019

Drought stress seriously affects crop growth, development, and grain production. Existing machine learning methods have achieved great progress in drought stress detection and diagnosis. However, such methods are based on a hand-crafted feature extraction process, and the accuracy has much room to improve. In this paper, we propose the use of a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to identify and classify maize drought stress. Field drought stress experiments were conducted in 2014. The experiment was divided into three treatments: optimum moisture, light drought, and moderate drought stress. Maize images were obtained every two hours throughout the whole day by digital cameras. In order to compare the accuracy of DCNN, a comparative experiment was conducted using traditional machine learning on the same dataset. The experimental results demonstrated an impressive performance of the proposed method. For the total dataset, the accuracy of the identification and classification of drought stress was 98.14% and 95.95%, respectively. High accuracy was also achieved on the sub-datasets of the seedling and jointing stages. The identification and classification accuracy levels of the color images were higher than those of the gray images. Furthermore, the comparison experiments on the same dataset demonstrated that DCNN achieved a better performance than the traditional machine learning method (Gradient Boosting Decision Tree GBDT). Overall, our proposed deep learning-based approach is a very promising method for field maize drought identification and classification based on digital images.
Dynamic Ochratoxin A Production by Strains of Aspergillus niger Intended Used in Food Industry of China
Authors: Han Xiaomin , Jiang Hongru , Li Fengqin
Published: February 2019

Thirty strains of Aspergillus niger, including 27 intended used in the food industry of China, were studied for their ochratoxin A (OTA) production on the three natural substrates—corn, rice, and wheat bran—at different time intervals by high-performance liquid chromatography. It was found that the frequencies of OTA for the studied 27 industrial strains ranged from 14.8% (4/27) at day 28 to 25.9% (7/27) at day 7 on corn, 14.8% (4/27) at day 7 to 33.3% (9/27) at day 21 on rice, and 22.2% (6/27) at day 7, 14, and 28 to 44.4% (12/27) at day 21 on wheat bran, respectively. The average concentrations of OTA produced by the studied 27 industrial strains ranged from 5.1 μg/kg at day 28 to 8.7 μg/kg at day 21 on corn, 4.2 μg/kg at day 7 to 17.9 μg/kg at day 14 on rice, and 4.5 μg/kg at day 7 to 7.2 μg/kg at day 21 on wheat bran, respectively. Furthermore, the OTA production in the studied 27 industrial strains of A.niger was strongly associated with their function (or application), culture substrate, and time. The saccharifying enzyme producers produced higher levels of OTA, compared with the organic acid producers, the tannase producers, and the β-galactosidase producer, while concentration differences were also observed in OTA production among strains of A.niger with the same application. In a word, some strains of A.niger intended used in the Chinese food industry indeed have the capability of producing OTA, elevating the risks to food safety associated with their use.
Beach Morphodynamic Response to a Submerged Reef
Authors: Duarte Nemes Douglas , Fabián Criado-Sudau Francisco , Nicolás Gallo Marcos
Published: February 2019

To develop beach engineering, the submerged structure’s primary physical functions have to be understood. This study focuses on submerged structures in order to understand the strategy of reduced wave energy, stabilizing the shoreline and not generating erosion or adversely modifying coastal processes. Important developments have been made since the 1990s, taking into account the functions of recreational amenity. However, non-dimensional models cannot explain the physical mechanisms that generate accretion or erosion morphological features in the lee of the submerged structure. The present study aims to collaborate with the understanding of the mechanism of beach response to a submerged structure. For this, 26 surveys were made using topographic, Lagrangian, and Eulerian hydrodynamic measures during one seasonal cycle of a beach system from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) with a natural submerged reef or rocky bank V-shape in the plan. This beach system is energetic and intermediate when referring to wave energy conditions and beach states, respectively. The wave breaking vector system on the rocky bank’s geometry was examined in the intermediate and dissipative beach morphodynamic organization. The variability of the wave breaking vector system determines the establishment, deformation, and erosion features in the lee of the structure. During high-energy waves, the submerged structure’s hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes are transparent. When the submerged structure combines with the dissipative beach state, the surfing wave conditions are improved. These results provide the dimensional and positional references for an engineering proposal for a beach system.
Examination of the Climate Factors That Reduced Wheat Yield in Northwest India during the 2000s
Authors: Mukherjee Avik , Wang S.-Y. Simon , Promchote Parichart
Published: February 2019

In India, a significant reduction of wheat yield would cause a widespread impact on food security for 1.35 billion people. The two highest wheat producing states, Punjab and Haryana in northern India, experienced a prolonged period of anomalously low wheat yield during 2002–2010. The extent of climate variability and change in influencing this prolonged reduction in wheat yield was examined. Daily air temperature (Tmax and Tave) was used to calculate the number of days above optimum temperature and growing degree days (GDD) anomaly. Two drought indices, the standard precipitation and evapotranspiration index and the radiation-based precipitation index, were used to describe the drought conditions. Groundwater variability was assessed via satellite-based approximation. The analysis results indicate that the wheat yield loss corresponds to the increase in the number of days with a temperature above 35 °C during the maturity stage (March). Reduction in monsoon rainfall led to a depletion of groundwater and reduced surface water for irrigation in the wheat growing season (November–March). Higher temperatures, coupled with water shortage and irregular irrigation, also appear to impact the yield reduction. In hindsight, improving the agronomic practices to minimize crop water usage could be an adaptation strategy to maintain the desired wheat yield in the face of climate-induced drought and precipitation anomaly.
ASSESSING THE DEGREE OF INDUSTRIALISATION IN CONSTRUCTION – A CASE OF UGANDA
Authors: Alinaitwe Henry Mwanaki , Mwakali Jackson , Hansson Bengt
Published: February 2019

Industrialisation is seen as one of the philosophies that can be employed to be able to increase the productivity of the construction industry. There are many forms and classifications of industrialisation and these have to be put in the context while seeking improvement of productivity by industrialisation. A systems approach is used to analyse the players and factors for industrialisation of the construction sector. Case studies were used to study industrialisation in the construction sector in a developing country. Performance metrics are suggested and used to measure the extent of industrialization in Uganda. It is concluded that the level of industrialisation in Uganda seems to be low. However, there is a need for a wider comparison in order to come up with generic indicators.
SIMULATION-ENHANCED APPROACH FOR RANKING MAJOR TRANSPORT PROJECTS
Authors: Su Cheng-Wei , Cheng Min-Yuan , Lin Feng-Bor
Published: February 2019

Owing to financial constraints, it becomes imperative to rank major transport projects to determine implementation priorities and budget allocations. The central Government in Taiwan is using rankings derived from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and direct subjective rankings to set funding priorities. The current approach does not account for the variations in rankings for setting these priorities. Nor does it adequately consider the compatibility with the proposed projects and the national policies in transport infrastructure development. To address these problems, the Central Government has revised the method for project ranking. The revised method expands the matrix of the attributes and impacts that are to be evaluated. It also uses a Monte Carlo simulation analysis to help in determining the rank orders. A pilot study was conducted to assess the revised method. The study uses 25 major rail projects proposed in 2002 as a test bed.
ON MODELLING HEAT AND MOISTURE TRANSFER IN SANDWICH WALL AND SLAB STRUCTURES
Authors: Nikitin Vadim , Lapko Andrzej
Published: February 2019

In real wall or slab structures made of capillary‐porous materials (such as masonry or concrete) exposed to ambient air, the unsteady processes of heat transfer and moisture migration as reciprocal phenomena are observed. Basing on the Fourier general differential equations and using the assumptions of the elementary heat balance method, the problem of heat and moisture transfer has been studied in multi‐layer wall structures, such as sandwich panels. As a result the general equations were proposed and transformed into formulas useful in the FDM approach (Finite Difference Method). On this basis a computer program was written to analyse the phenomena mentioned above. Some computational tests for a concrete sandwich panel wall with insulation made of foamed polyurethane were presented and discussed to illustrate a possible application of this approach. The paper shows that the improvement of computational accuracy of modelling the thermal engineering problems requires an assumption of real parameters which characterise capillary‐porous structural materials and result from moisture transfer.
Spitzer Microlensing Parallax for OGLE-2016-BLG-1067: A Sub-Jupiter Orbiting an M Dwarf in the Disk
Authors: Calchi Novati S. , Suzuki D. , Udalski A. , Gould A. , Shvartzvald Y. , Bozza V. , Bennett D. P. , Beichman C. , Bryden G. , Carey S. , Gaudi B. S. , Henderson C. B. , Yee J. C. , Zhu W. ,   (Spitzer team), Abe F. , Asakura Y. , Barry R. , Bhattacharya A. , Bond I. A. , Donachie M. , Evans P. , Fukui A. , Hirao Y. , Itow Y. , Kawasaki K. , Koshimoto N. , Li M. C. A. , Ling C. H. , Matsubara Y. , Miyazaki S. , Muraki Y. , Nagakane M. , Ohnishi K. , Ranc C. , Rattenbury N. J. , Saito To. , Sharan A. , Sullivan D. J. , Sumi T. , Tristram P. J. , Yamada T. , Yonehara A. ,   (MOA Collaboration), Mróz P. , Poleski R. , Skowron J. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Kozłowski S. , Pietrukowicz P. , Ulaczyk K. , Pawlak M. ,   (OGLE Collaboration), Albrow M. D. , Chung S.-J. , Han C. , Hwang K.-H. , Jung Y. K. , Ryu Y.-H. , Shin I.-G. , Zang W. , Cha S.-M. , Kim D.-J. , Kim H.-W. , Kim S.-L. , Lee C.-U. , Lee D.-J. , Lee Y. , Park B.-G. , Pogge R. W. ,   (KMTNet Collaboration)
Published: February 2019

We report the discovery of a sub-Jupiter-mass planet orbiting beyond the snow line of an M dwarf most likely in the Galactic disk as part of the joint Spitzer and ground-based monitoring of planetary microlensing anomalies toward the Galactic bulge. Most of the microlensing parameters are strongly constrained by the light-curve modeling, and in particular there is a Spitzer-based measurement of the microlens parallax, π
E. However, there are no caustic crossings, so the angular Einstein radius has only an upper limit based on the light-curve modeling alone. Additionally, the analysis leads us to identify eight degenerate configurations: the fourfold microlensing parallax degeneracy being doubled by a degeneracy in the caustic structure present at the level of the ground-based solutions. To calculate the physical parameters, and at the same time to break the parallax degeneracy, we make use of a series of arguments: the χ
2 hierarchy, the Rich argument (stating that the small-parallax solution is more likely), and a prior Galactic model. The preferred configuration, favored by a likelihood ratio of at least 4000, is for a host at

with mass

, orbited by a Saturn-like planet with

at projected separation

, about 2.1 times beyond the system snow line. Therefore, it adds to the growing population of sub-Jupiter planets orbiting beyond the snow line of M dwarfs discovered by microlensing. Based on the rules of the real-time protocol for the selection of events to be followed up with Spitzer, this planet will not enter the sample for measuring the Galactic distribution of planets.
Forward Modeling of the Kepler Stellar Rotation Period Distribution: Interpreting Periods from Mixed and Biased Stellar Populations
Authors: van Saders Jennifer L. , Pinsonneault Marc H. , Barbieri Mauro
Published: February 2019

Stellar surface rotation carries information about stellar parameters—particularly ages—and thus the large rotational data sets extracted from Kepler time series represent powerful probes of stellar populations. In this article, we address the challenge of interpreting such data sets with a forward-modeling exercise. We combine theoretical models of stellar rotation, a stellar population model for the galaxy, and prescriptions for observational bias to predict the rotation distribution in the Kepler field under standard “vanilla” assumptions. We arrive at two central conclusions: first, that standard braking models fail to reproduce the observed distribution at long periods, and second, that the interpretation of the period distribution is complicated by a mixture of evolutionary states and observational uncertainties. If we assume that the detectability of rotational signatures scales with the Rossby number, we can show that the observed period distribution contains an apparent “Rossby edge” at

, above which long-period, high Rossby number stars are either absent or undetected. This threshold suggests either that weakened magnetic braking is in operation in the full Kepler population or that stars undergo a transition in spottedness and activity. We discuss the observations necessary to disentangle these competing scenarios. Regardless of the physical origin of the edge, it biases the inferred age distributions, affecting stars older than ∼9 Gyr at

, older than

at solar temperatures, and

at 6500 K. Below

, rotation periods should be viable age diagnostics in even the oldest stars in the population.
Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from the Sun during Solar Minimum with the ARGO-YBJ Experiment
Authors: Bartoli B. , Bernardini P. , Bi X. J. , Cao Z. , Catalanotti S. , Chen S. Z. , Chen T. L. , Cui S. W. , Dai B. Z. , D’Amone A. , Danzengluobu  , Mitri I. De , Piazzoli B. D’Ettorre , Girolamo T. Di , Sciascio G. Di , Feng C. F. , Feng Zhaoyang , Feng Zhenyong , Gao W. , Gou Q. B. , Guo Y. Q. , He H. H. , Hu Haibing , Hu Hongbo , Iacovacci M. , Iuppa R. , Jia H. Y. , Labaciren  , Li H. J. , Li Z. , Liu C. , Liu J. , Liu M. Y. , Lu H. , Ma L. L. , Ma X. H. , Mancarella G. , Mari S. M. , Marsella G. , Mastroianni S. , Montini P. , Ning C. C. , Perrone L. , Pistilli P. , Salvini P. , Santonico R. , Shen P. R. , Sheng X. D. , Shi F. , Surdo A. , Tan Y. H. , Vallania P. , Vernetto S. , Vigorito C. , Wang H. , Wu C. Y. , Wu H. R. , Xue L. , Yang Q. Y. , Yang X. C. , Yao Z. G. , Yuan A. F. , Zha M. , Zhang H. M. , Zhang L. , Zhang X. Y. , Zhang Y. , Zhao J. , Zhaxiciren  , Zhaxisangzhu  , Zhou X. X. , Zhu F. R. , Zhu Q. Q. ,   (The ARGO-YBJ Collaboration)
Published: February 2019

The hadronic interaction of cosmic rays with solar atmosphere can produce high energy gamma-rays. The gamma-ray luminosity is correlated both with the flux of primary cosmic rays and the intensity of the solar magnetic field. The gamma-rays below 200 GeV have been observed by Fermi without any evident energy cutoff. The bright gamma-ray flux above 100 GeV has been detected only during solar minimum. The only available data in the TeV range come from the HAWC observations, however, outside the solar minimum. The ARGO-YBJ data set has been used to search for sub-TeV/TeV gamma-rays from the Sun during the solar minimum from 2008 to 2010, the same time period covered by the Fermi data. A suitable model containing the Sun shadow, solar disk emission, and inverse-Compton emission has been developed, and the chi-square minimization method was used to quantitatively estimate the disk gamma-ray signal. The result shows that no significant gamma-ray signal is detected and upper limits to the gamma-ray flux at 0.3–7 TeV are set at the 95% confidence level. In the low energy range these limits are consistent with the extrapolation of the Fermi-LAT measurements taken during solar minimum and are compatible with a softening of the gamma-ray spectrum below 1 TeV. They also provide an experimental upper bound to any solar disk emission at TeV energies. Models of dark matter annihilation via long-lived mediators predicting gamma-ray fluxes >10−7 GeV cm−2 s−1 below 1 TeV are ruled out by the ARGO-YBJ limits.
A Long-duration Luminous Type IIn Supernova KISS15s: Strong Recombination Lines from the Inhomogeneous Ejecta–CSM Interaction Region and Hot Dust Emission from Newly Formed Dust*
Authors: Kokubo Mitsuru , Mitsuda Kazuma , Morokuma Tomoki , Tominaga Nozomu , Tanaka Masaomi , Moriya Takashi J. , Yoachim Peter , Ivezić Željko , Sako Shigeyuki , Doi Mamoru
Published: February 2019

We report the discovery of an SN 1988Z–like type IIn supernova KISS15s found in a low-mass star-forming galaxy at redshift z = 0.038 during the course of the Kiso Supernova Survey (KISS). KISS15s shows long-duration optical continuum and emission line light curves, indicating that KISS15s is powered by a continuous interaction between the expanding ejecta and dense circumstellar medium (CSM). The Hα emission line profile can be decomposed into four Gaussians of narrow, intermediate, blueshifted intermediate, and broad velocity width components, with a full width at half maximum of ≲100, ∼2000, and ∼14,000 km s−1 for the narrow, intermediate, and broad components, respectively. The presence of the blueshifted intermediate component, of which the line-of-sight velocity relative to the systemic velocity is about −5000 km s−1, suggests that the ejecta-CSM interaction region has an inhomogeneous morphology and anisotropic expansion velocity. We found that KISS15s shows increasing infrared continuum emission, which can be interpreted as hot dust thermal emission of T ∼ 1200 K from newly formed dust in a cool, dense shell in the ejecta-CSM interaction region. The progenitor mass-loss rate, inferred from bolometric luminosity, is

, where v

w
is the progenitor’s stellar wind velocity. This implies that the progenitor of KISS15s was a red supergiant star or a luminous blue variable that had experienced a large mass loss in the centuries before the explosion.
Principle of the Helical and Nonhelical Dynamo and the α Effect in a Field Structure Model
Authors: Park Kiwan
Published: February 2019

We demonstrate the conversion process of helical (nonhelical) kinetic energy into magnetic energy using a field-structure model based on the magnetic induction equation. This approach aims to explain the generation, transport, and conservation of magnetic helicity dependent on a forcing method such as kinetic or magnetic forcing. When a system is driven by helical kinetic or magnetic energy, two kinds of magnetic helicities with opposite signs are induced. Then, asymmetric competing processes between them determine the dominant magnetic helicity. Also, the model shows that the conservation of magnetic helicity is related to a common current density and antiparallel magnetic fields in the large- and small-scale regimes. In addition to the intuitive method, we suggest an analytical method to find the α and β coefficients using temporally evolving large-scale magnetic energy and magnetic helicity. The method implies that the α effect and its quenching are generally consistent with the conventional theory. However, the β coefficient implies that the role of kinetic energy in a dynamo may be somewhat different from our conventional understanding. We also show how the kinetic energy near the viscous scale can suppress the dynamo process when the magnetic Prandtl number (Pr
M
) is small. We verify this using simulation results. Finally, using the α
2 effect and differential rotation effect, we suggest a solar dynamo model that explains the periodic magnetic evolution in the Sun.
No Stripped Companion Material in the Nebular Spectrum of the “Two-Component” Type Ia Supernova ASASSN-18bt
Authors: Tucker M. A. , Shappee B. J. , Wisniewski J. P.
Published: February 2019

We analyze a Keck I/Low Resolution Imager and Spectrograph nebular spectrum taken 268 days after B-band maximum of ASASSN-18bt (SN 2018oh), a Type Ia supernova observed by K2 at the time of explosion. ASASSN-18bt exhibited a two-component rise to peak brightness, possibly the signature of an interaction between the supernova ejecta and a large (≳20 R
⊙) nearby, non-degenerate companion. We search for emission signatures of stripped material from a non-degenerate companion in the nebular spectrum and find no evidence for any unbound material. We place an upper limit of <0.006 M
⊙ on the amount of stripped/ablated H-rich material that could go undetected in our spectrum, effectively ruling out all hydrogen-rich donor stars. Additionally, we place a more tentative upper limit on He i emission in the observed spectrum of ≲0.02 M
⊙ which also rules out helium star companions. Our deep limits rule out a non-degenerate companion as the explanation for the early-time feature in ASASSN-18bt.
Electron-scale Vertical Current Sheets in a Bursty Bulk Flow in the Terrestrial Magnetotail
Authors: Zhou M. , Huang J. , Man H. Y. , Deng X. H. , Zhong Z. H. , Russell C. T. , Paterson W. R. , Giles B. L. , Lindqvist P.-A. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , Burch J. L.
Published: February 2019

We report Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of multiple vertical current sheets (CSs) in a bursty bulk flow in the near-Earth magnetotail. Two of the CSs were fine structures of a dipolarization front (DF) at the leading edge of the flow. The other CSs were a few Earth radii tailward of the DF; that is, in the wake of the DF. Some of these vertical CSs were a few electron inertial lengths thick and were converting energy from magnetic field to plasma. The currents of the CSs in the DF wake were carried by electrons that formed flow shear layers. These electron-scale CSs were probably formed during the turbulent evolution of the bursty bulk flow and are important for energy conversion associated with fast flows.
Seasonal Changes in Titan’s Upper Haze Resulting from Saturn’s Eccentric Orbit
Authors: Larson E. J. L.
Published: February 2019

Organic aerosols are produced high in the atmosphere of Titan by complex photochemical pathways starting from the dissociation of CH4 by solar ultraviolet (UV) and N2 by energetic particles. An end product of this photochemistry is the organic haze enshrouding Titan. The solar flux at Titan varies by about 20% between periapsis and apoapsis, thus we expect the dissociation of CH4 and the total production of aerosols to have a similar seasonal dependence. The seasonal cycle in the haze production due to Saturn’s orbital eccentricity is complicated by seasonal changes in dynamics and aerosol particle size due to Saturn’s 27° obliquity. A 3D Titan general circulation model with fully coupled aerosol microphysics, the Titan Community Atmospheres Model, simulates the aerosol haze with and without aerosol production as a function of solar UV. Both simulations display an equatorial seasonal cycle in the haze above about 340 km; however, this cycle is amplified by a factor of 2 in the simulation with production as a function of solar UV. We compare the simulations with published estimates of haze extinction in the upper atmosphere. Current observations of the haze extinction at 400 km cannot distinguish between the two simulations, highlighting the difficulties that complicated dynamics in the upper atmosphere pose for trend detection.
Review of the genus Vekunta Distant from China, with descriptions of two new species (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Derbidae)
Authors: Sui Yong-Jin , Chen Xiang-Sheng
Published: February 2019

The derbid genusVekuntaDistant, 1906 is reviewed. Two new species,V.bambusanasp. n.andV.pentaprocessusasp. n., are described and illustrated from the southwest of China to give the genus twenty-nine species in China. A checklist and a key to species of the genus from China are also provided.
Illustrated catalogue of type specimens of Volutidae (Gastropoda) in the Malacological Collection of the Museo de La Plata, Argentina
Authors: Núñez Verónica , Damborenea Cristina , Darrigran Gustavo
Published: February 2019

The Malacology Collection of the Museo de La Plata contains more 13,000 lots from various regions of Argentina and other South American countries. The Collection also includes 511 type lots. Among the oldest type specimens are a large series of marine gastropod from Patagonia which were studied by Fernando Lahille in 1895. He was one of the first’s naturalists of the Museo de La Plata, and there between 1893 and 1899, he made several studies in zoology. During that time, he described three species and forty varieties of Volutidae. Herein, we compare Lahille’s type specimens, label data, number, and specimen information to the original descriptions and illustrations of these taxa. Each taxon has been photographed in multiple views. This historic type material is entirely composed of shells. This work is the first of a series of photographic catalogues of type material from the Malacology Collection of the Invertebrate Division of Museo de La Plata.
Produire la ville pour les marchés financiers
Authors: Guironnet Antoine , Halbert Ludovic
Published: February 2019

L’extension du domaine d’intervention de la finance de marché à l’exploitation de biens immobiliers repose sur des gestionnaires d’actifs mandatés par leurs clients-investisseurs particuliers ou institutionnels. L’article montre comment leurs critères d’investissement, définis au sein de leur communauté professionnelle, pèsent sur les espaces urbains en raison de l’enrôlement des acteurs traditionnels de l’immobilier et de l’aménagement. Ces derniers, incités à s’aligner sur les gestionnaires par la discipline marchande, par l’intégration de la filière d’investissement et de promotion d’immobilier locatif, ainsi que par l’évolution entrepreneuriale des agendas du développement territorial, font circuler les standards d’investissement auprès des gouvernements urbains. Cela se matérialise par une hypersélectivité géographique et sociale promue par les gestionnaires d’actifs, qu’il s’agisse des territoires accédant aux capitaux, des formes urbaines, ou du type d’usages et d’usagers. La financiarisation à l’œuvre dans l’immobilier renforce alors la dynamique de métropolisation.
Le commerçant, le paysan et la distribution du pouvoir de marché dans la Gnagna (Burkina Faso)
Authors: Pinaud Samuel
Published: February 2019

Partant d’une quarantaine d’entretiens de commerçants-grossistes dans cinq marchés ruraux1, l’article examine l’origine et la distribution du pouvoir de marché dans la province orientale de la Gnagna, au Burkina Faso, en équilibre alimentaire instable. L’analyse de ce pouvoir est effectuée au niveau de la structure des échanges, de l’organisation sociale et dans les stratégies et techniques commerciales. Il apparaît structurellement défavorable aux producteurs céréaliers du fait de la saisonnalité des récoltes et des prix, tandis que la concurrence entre les commerçants porte moins sur les prix que sur la taille du réseau de collecte pour augmenter les volumes traités. De plus, les formes de solidarité (aide logistique ou financière) entre commerçants ne sont pas rares. Quant aux stratégies commerciales, elles jouent à la fois sur les différentiels de prix (achat et vente), sur les qualités et sur les unités de mesure.
Prebiotic supplementation over a cold season and during antibiotic treatment specifically modulates the gut microbiota composition of 3-6 year-old children
Authors: Soldi S. , Vasileiadis S. , Lohner S. , Uggeri F. , Puglisi E. , Molinari P. , Donner E. , Sieland C. , Decsi T. , Sailer M. , Theis S.
Published: February 2019

Supplementing kindergarten children during a cold season with a prebiotic inulin-type fructans product with shorter and longer fructan chains has been shown to reduce febrile episodes requiring medical attention and to lower the incidence of sinusitis. These beneficial effects may be connected to the specific modulation of children’s gut microbiota. By applying quantitative and qualitative microbiota analysis this study aimed at characterising the gut microbiota composition and at exploring effects of prebiotic intervention on the gut microbiota during a 24-weeks intervention and during antibiotic treatment in healthy children. The study was a randomised, placebo-controlled trial with 258 healthy children aged 3 to 6 years consuming 6 g/day prebiotic inulin-type fructans or maltodextrin. During the course of the study, faecal samples were collected and subject to targeted qPCR analysis and phylogenetic profiling by multiplexed high throughput sequencing of the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene PCR amplicons. The microbiota composition of the cohort could be clustered into three distinct constellations (enterotypes). Prebiotic intake resulted in a selective modulation of the gut microbiota composition. Relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was significantly higher in the prebiotic group (n=104) compared to control group (n=105) and this effect was found for all three enterotypes. Antibiotic administration decreased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in both groups. Nonetheless, children of the prebiotic group receiving antibiotic treatment displayed significantly higher levels of Bifidobacterium than children receiving the placebo control. Prebiotic supplementation induced specific changes in the gut microbiota composition of children aged 3 to 6 years. Moreover, it attenuated antibiotic-induced disturbances in the gut microbiota composition as shown by higher relative abundance of bifidobacteria at the end of the antibiotic treatment in the prebiotic group. With the previously reported benefits on immune function, the study contributes to the evidence on the immune-modulating effects of prebiotics through gut microbiota modifications. The study was registered as NCT03241355 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03241355).
Avalanches en moyenne montagne : des représentations à l’occultation du risque
Authors: Florie Giacona , Brice Martin , Nicolas Eckert
Published: February 2019

En France, en moyenne montagne, le risque d’avalanche apparaît occulté alors que l’aléa avalanche est pourtant bien présent, et les enjeux réels. Cet article montre que ce paradoxe résulte de représentations qui dépassent le seul phénomène physique. La prégnance du modèle alpin (les Alpes constituant le modèle-type de la montagne) ainsi que la construction de la notion moyenne montagne par opposition à la haute montagne conduisent à faire de la moyenne montagne un espace distinct au caractère « tendrement montagneux »1. Dans ce contexte, l’ancrage territorial en haute montagne de la figure de l’avalanche, et plus largement du risque, se retrouve jusqu’aux acteurs scientifiques et institutionnels. Il se traduit, dans le système de gestion du risque d’avalanche français, par l’organisation de deux sous-systèmes distincts, celui dédié à la moyenne montagne se distinguant par l’absence de nombre d’outils et d’acteurs spécifiques. Finalement, les caractéristiques et les images associées aux objets phénomène avalanche et montagne concourent, implicitement ou explicitement, à occulter le risque en moyenne montagne, et donc à l’absence de fabrication du problème avalanche dans cet espace. Le cas archétypal du Massif vosgien permet d’illustrer le propos.
Processus morphodynamiques et sédimentaires dans les mangroves en érosion de Mayotte, océan Indien
Authors: Jeanson Matthieu , Dolique Franck , Anthony Edward J.
Published: February 2019

L’île de Mayotte est caractérisée par un littoral très diversifié comprenant de nombreuses mangroves à l’intérieur d’un vaste complexe récifo-lagonaire. Plusieurs de ces mangroves sont en forte régression avec des implications géomorphologiques significatives. Des expérimentations de terrain ont été conduites pour quantifier les changements morphologiques et pour comprendre les processus hydro-sédimentaires en action. Les mesures hydrodynamiques ont montré le rôle majeur de la répartition des mangroves sur l’atténuation de l’énergie des vagues. Dans les secteurs végétalisés, l’atténuation de l’énergie des vagues atteint plus de 90 % contre 35 % dans les secteurs dénués de palétuviers. Les observations morphologiques ont montré que l’érosion et le remaniement des sédiments sablo-vaseux des mangroves assurent le développement de placages et de barres sableuses sur l’estran. Ces sédiments sableux migrent progressivement vers le haut de l’estran, ce qui conduit à l’aggradation des cordons sableux localisés en arrière des mangroves. L’élévation continue des cordons sableux mène à l’enfouissement des systèmes racinaires et à l’asphyxie puis à la mort des palétuviers. Cette étude met en lumière le rôle de la mangrove qui va exercer un contrôle significatif sur l’activation des processus géomorphologiques et la sédimentation intertidale. Ces processus reflètent parfaitement la notion d’ajustements biogéomorphologiques inhérente à ces systèmes.
Biodiversité, responsabilité, réceptivité. Comment passer de la prise de conscience individuelle à la mobilisation collective ?
Authors: Monteil  Pierre-Olivier
Published: February 2019

La préservation de la biodiversité ne passe pas uniquement par une action sur la nature mais aussi sur le milieu humain. Cette action consiste à en appeler à une éthique de la commune appartenance, pour raviver le sens de nos responsabilités à l’égard de l’avenir de la planète, à partir du sentiment de sa fragilité. Cette approche inspirée d’un dialogue entre Paul Ricœur et Hans Jonas sur l’écologie conduit à miser sur la dynamique des sentiments, préalablement à celle des concepts et des principes. D’un côté, c’est par notre corps que nous appartenons à la nature. De l’autre, c’est l’exceptionnalité de la conscience humaine qui fait notre responsabilité spécifique à l’égard de l’écosystème. L’action pour la préservation de la biodiversité requiert une pédagogie des valeurs liées à la réceptivité. En ravivant en nous le sens de la fragilité de notre condition, elle permet de résister à la logique de prédation en introduisant dans les consciences comme dans l’échange social un sentiment de gratitude pour les biens aujourd’hui menacés que nous devons à la nature et à la société.
Improving urban metabolism through agriculture : an approach to ecosystem services qualitative assessment in Rome
Authors: Cartiaux Nicolas , Mazzocchi Giampiero , Marino Davide , Jijakli Haissam
Published: February 2019

Cet article présente le cas de l'agriculture péri-et urbaine dans le contexte de la municipalité de Rome soulignant, en particulier, sa contribution aux services écosystémiques fournis à la population urbaine. Ces différents cas d'agriculture participent à la résilience de la ville marquant et influençant le fonctionnement du paysage agricole de la ville. Parmi les différents outils mis en place par la municipalité, nous avons pris en considération les prêts accordés aux jeunes agriculteurs du projet « terre publiques » lancé en 2013 afin de participer au développement de fermes multifonctionnelles visant à la fois à la protection et à la restauration du système agricole. Malgré la demande et volonté d'accès aux terres publiques, aucun réelle politique paysagère ou cadre de planification ont été développées faisant courir le risque de voir ces différentes initiatives sporadiques. Les résultats ont montré que ces fermes multifonctionnelles fournissent un large panel de bénéfices influençant et régénérant le voisinage et que les activités agricoles maintiennent la fonction de sol et fournissent des services écosystémiques essentiels pour la société.
Adaptation des communautés côtières aux effets des changements climatiques sous l’angle de la résilience : lier la gouvernance locale au développement durable
Authors: Plante Steve , Vasseur Liette , Santos Silva Julia
Published: February 2019

Ce texte vise à présenter une démarche qui a été élaborée dans le cadre de l’Alliance de recherche universités-communautés intitulée Défis des communautés côtières de l’estuaire et du golfe du Saint-Laurent à l’heure des changements climatiques (ARUC-DCC). Nous décrivons la démarche de renforcement des capacités de résilience que nous avons tenue dans plusieurs localités côtières de l’Est canadien. Nos propos sont illustrés à partir de l’exemple des municipalités de Maria et de Bonaventure au Québec. Il s’agit d’une démarche basée sur la recherche-action participative. La coconstruction de stratégies d’adaptation qui en émerge repose sur un modèle d’exploration de la situation allant des aléas et de leurs effets, aux incertitudes de la connaissance et aux capacités des acteurs à agir. Ces milieux côtiers sont sujets aux aléas des changements climatiques dont notamment les inondations causées par les ondes de tempêtes, l’érosion côtière et les débordements de rivières. Il s’avère important, pour ces communautés, de mieux comprendre les enjeux associés à ces situations au moment d’élaborer des solutions collectives à long terme qui peuvent aller au-delà de leurs territoires. En fait, nous pensons qu’une telle approche pourrait être envisageable dans plusieurs autres régions rurales côtières de l’est du Canada.
Une société montagnarde à l’épreuve des inondations : entre vulnérabilité et stratégies d’adaptation
Authors: Baud  Dominique
Published: February 2019

Dans les Alpes du XVIIIe siècle à aujourd’hui, la variabilité des crues (fréquence, intensité) a entrainé des pratiques et des modes d’organisation spécifiques de la part des sociétés afin de se prémunir du risque. En ce sens, des stratégies d’évitement ou d’adaptation ont été développées par les communautés montagnardes visant à réduire leur vulnérabilité et les potentiels dommages. L’étude des archives historiques permet de documenter les impacts (endommagement ou destruction d’infrastructures, victimes, routes détruites, champs engravés, etc.) à l’échelle des derniers siècles, mais également d’appréhender l’efficience des modes de gestion du risque passés. Cet article s’intéresse à l’évolution de la vulnérabilité/exposition et des modes de gestion (aménagements de protection, etc.) à partir de l’étude de documents cartographiques (cadastres anciens) et textuels (témoignages, rapports d’experts, chiffrage des dégâts occasionnés, etc.) d’un territoire de montagne. L’objectif de cette analyse géohistorique est d’apporter des éléments de réflexion pour évaluer dans quelle mesure un territoire fortement impacté sur une période donnée gère sa propension à l’endommagement par la suite. À travers l’étude de la commune d’Aime située dans la vallée de Tarentaise (Savoie) nous verrons si trois événements de crue à fort impact survenus au XVIIIe siècle (1732, 1733 et 1778) ont modifié durablement ou non l’occupation du sol et les pratiques des habitants. L’utilisation des rapports d’inondations et des cadastres sarde (1730) et français (1890) permettra de spatialiser les dommages causés par les crues et les changements intervenus dans l’occupation du sol entre le début du XVIIIe siècle et la fin du XIXe siècle.
A New Central Control Scheme for Future Micro-Grid Systems Considering Variable Speed Drive Systems and Fuzzy Logic Control System
Authors: Nadweh Safwan Mhrez , Hayek G. , Atieh Bassam
Published: February 2019

The increased use of nonlinear loads in power systems have caused problems with the quality of electrical power systems, which affects its performance. One of the most important nonlinear loads is variable speed drive systems (VSDS) which causes issues to the industrial plants power supply. In this article, the authors compare different control methods to apply the bias voltages required to operate transistors in the four-quadrant chopper which added to the dc- link of the variable-speed drive system in order to improve power quality, considering future micro-grid systems. A selection is then made of the appropriate one that improves power quality specifications. This article discusses the issues related to VSDS, such as total harmonic distortion factor THD%; the ripple factor of the DC current and voltage of the VSDS; and its harmful effects on the power system.
Evaluation Study Outcome of Augmented Reality Technology for Solving Engineering Problems in UNITEN
Authors: Sidhu Manjit Singh
Published: February 2019

In this article, a study was done to compare the preferences of UNITEN students in using augmented reality technology user interface applications to solve selected engineering problems. Cross sectional study design and a Wilcoxon-Signed Rank Test approach was adopted to analyze the difference in the rankings of the engineering applications. Within a controlled environment, this research further applies “Trials within the same session but with breaks between tasks” an affirmed reliable method in measuring learnability that has been rarely explored by any related works locally. The results were captured through descriptive statistical analysis. The findings provided reliable evidences that multiple function user interface (MFIT) is more effective than the tangible user interface (TUI) for engineering students. Simultaneously, this research also presents evidences that MFIT is better than TUI in the engineering problem solving statistically.