bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Searle's conception of the construction of social reality
Authors: Jerković Vladimir
Published: December 2022

Searle's "The Construction of Social Reality" addresses the mystery of how social constructs can exist in a world consisting only of physical particles in fields of force and thrive within the space of physical laws. The author discerns the brute facts and the other-the institutional facts. Searle argues that collective intentionality is a distinct form of intentionality, not simply reducible to individual intentionality. Considering the social phenomena the author claims that society can be elucidated by the terms of the institutional facts. Thus, the institutional facts arise out of collective intentionality through logical rules of the form "X counts as Y in C". For social facts there must exist certain mental processes, which can be intentional or non-intentional. Concerning institutional facts Searle stresses that they depend on institutional facts. When writing about social rules, he divides them onto regulative and constitutive. His belief is that the role of language is essential, for language is an institution itself, and that it represents the precondition for thinking. Searle defends Realism and Correspondence Theory of Truth, as well.
Movie treatment of social past in "post-Yugoslavia"
Authors: Zvijer Nemanja
Published: December 2022

The break-up of socialist Yugoslavia caused, among other things, the dissolution of a common past of people who lived on that territory. Newly independent states were needed a new past for creating a new collective identities. This need caused a powerful wave of reinterpretation of history but also the specific attitude towards the recent socialist past. As these processes have had a relatively wide scale, that also reflected on popular culture, what can be seen in the case of films, as one of the most important segments of popular culture. In this regard, it will be considered the ways in which treated socialist past in terms of criticism or nostalgia in films made during the last decade of the twentieth century in the countries formed after the breakup of socialist Yugoslavia.
Theoretical and methodological approaches to studying disability: Examination of the most widespread perspectives and latest debates
Authors: Petrović Jasmina
Published: December 2022

The text presents the social background of the phenomenon of disability and the need to have its study established as a relevant subject in sociology. The paper also considers the argumentation which is utilized by various theoretical and methodological perspectives in the interpretation of disability, as well as the debates led between them. The focus is on two dominant models of interpreting disability, popularly called: biomedical and social model, as well as the new attempts at integrating them for the purpose of grasping this complex phenomenon.
Human needs and the quality of life of the graduates of Gacko
Authors: Petković Jovana
Published: December 2022

What' s analyzed in the paper is how the fulfillment of human needs considering personal aspirations and objective possibilities affects the quality of life of Gacko' s graduates. The quality of life varies from bare survival (struggling to fill the existential needs), to average life quality (where a high amount of life needs is fulfilled, but not all of them because it' s hard to satisfy those ranked highly in the hierarchical structure of need) all the way to truly fulfilled high quality life which is marked by the fulfillment of various needs and self-actualization of the individual. The results have shown that the graduates of Gacko do not have high life standard.
The protocols of the learned Lacanian of Slovitzia: Part one
Authors: Klein Molly
Published: December 2022

Although increasingly controversial, Slavoj Žižek remains a superstar public intellectual in the West associated with the political Radical Left. Most of the Western media who promote him have no idea that in his native Slovenia he is a principle figure of the neoliberal party that ruled for most of Slovenia's era independence and committed the notorious "electronic ethnic cleansing" and that he is perceived as a reactionary. This article examines Žižek's work closely to unmask what is revealed as a mere veil of socialist and Communist allegiances. Žižek's techniques of deception and indirection are shown to derive from the inaugural text of right wing pseudo-socialism, The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion. The conclusion here drawn is that Žižek's project is a continuation of its model's fascist mission-to infiltrate and usurp left wing discourse to advance reactionary politics in progressive and revolutionary disguise-just as its propagandistic rhetorical gambits are the same as those inventively deployed in the famous forgery of the Czarist secret police.
An example of methodological concept of informal power research in a work organisation
Authors: Vukajlović Mile
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the authors present a methodological concept of informal power research, on example of the possibility of its use in the organization of higher education. Gender equality means that women and men have equal opportunities, rights and obligations in their social, professional and family environment. Although it is often reduced to an equal distribution of paid and unpaid work, a broader concept includes many more indicators such as the political dimensions of gender and physical integrity of men and women. Some studies only stresses the dimension of equality, while the other focuses on the evaluation of the same gender roles and the transformation of existing practices, but most researchers in this field agree that gender equality has many different dimensions that can not be subsumed under a single one-dimensional indicator. Sociologists usually recognize gender inequality in unequal access of women and men to social resources, money, time, social division of labor and the labor market. In this paper we consider the faculties as an organization of higher education, ie. organization of work, as the area of human social organization in which different interests of individuals and groups condition relations of cooperation and conflict, and investigating whether the formal power that women have within the organization is limited or completely blocked by the informal power that originate from the traditional patterns of behavior and authority.
New forms of culture in digital world
Authors: Pavlović Nina
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses the implications of scientific, technological and information revolution in the culture of modern society. The need for observation of new communication systems and technological sphere in the context of society and culture is highlighted. On the other hand, these changes lead to the transformation of culture into a new quality, so concept digital or cyber culture can be discussed. We present proposal of delimitation domain of digital and virtual culture based on the analysis of conceptual definitions of prominent authors in the field. Character of proposed classification is primarily analytical and allows observation of actual changes in the two fields - the real and the virtual world; it is important to keep in mind substantial connection between these domains. We discuss specifics of these forms of culture, including material, symbolic and experiential aspect of digital culture and issues of community, stratification and subculture in virtual culture.
Three approaches to gender differences
Authors: Redžić Saduša
Published: December 2022

Author presents three broad approaches explaining gender differences: essentialistic, constructivistic and social learning theory. Does the fact of hormones, brain lateralization, or evolutionary imperatives actually shape the different behavior of members of different sexes, or does culture, or learning gender roles? The differences explained by biology can be interpreted in another way, but such approaches are given criticized for several reasons. The most acceptable theories for sociologists are constructivistic, and theories of learning gender roles, including differentiating the terms sex and gender, that leads us to the cultural and social establishment of gender differences.
Tradicionalism and social changes
Authors: Ristić Lazo
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the author considers the relation between traditionalism and social change. The starting point is the view that values from the past can not be accepted exclusively in the form in which they are inherited. Therefore, there is a continuity of past and modernity. The main function of transferring tradition is to determine the order in time. That is why tradition is not an obstacle to developmental social changes. However, every extremity in relation to tradition has negative consequences. Thus, traditionalism can be instrumentalized as a brake on developmental social changes. The instrumentalisation of traditionalism is enhanced if at the same time reradicalization is at work. In conclusion, the conclusion is drawn that developmental social changes are not possible without the harmonization of the new with the old, the future with the past, innovation with tradition. The author opposes the tendency to mystify the values of the past as well as the tendency for their rejection.
Ugroženost potreba za sigurnošću i strateško delovanje
Authors: Zaharijevski Dragana , Jovanović-Kranjec Milena
Published: December 2022

The main focus of this paper is to determine the needs for safety/security, that is to determine the problem of not fullfilling these needs in school environment. The results of empirical research, taken in five cities of South East Serbia, considering the sample of nine high schools and 540 students, detect offensive behaviour as serious problem of not fullfilling the needs for safety/security. The analysis of relevant national and local strategic frame shows whether these needs for safety/security are recognised as strategic or not, and also whether the action plans are focused on this safety/security problem prevention and solving in order to create safe environment, or not.
Families' cultural needs and cultural consumption in the Republic of Srpska
Authors: Košarac Biserka
Published: December 2022

Families' cultural needs and cultural consumption present a very complex system influenced by so many factors, first of all the value system, a way of satisfying basic life needs (clothes, accommodation, food, etc.), religiosity, political orientation, tradition and so on. In this paper we will use the comparative analysis of cultural needs and cultural consumption in the field of families' free time based on the data from the research carried out in the period from 2010 to 2017.
Human needs of the East Herzegovina youth
Authors: Petković Jovana
Published: December 2022

The paper is dealing with the human needs of the youth of East Herzegovina. It is examining at what extent the cultural imperialism and the imposition of the western system values, typical of the modern society and the corresponding needs affect the youth. The aim is to identify what kind of needs the Herzegovina youth prefer and to see how important the role of false artifical needs in their lives is.
Systemic needs as a precondition for the development of scientific knowledge
Authors: Radivojević Radoš , Pejić Sonja
Published: December 2022

This paper presents an overview of the social history of the development of scientific knowledge, with the aim of illuminating the way in which the systemic needs (material, integrative and self-aware) of social communities were the limiting factor, but also in some cases allowed the development of scientific knowledge. The way of satisfying these systemic needs is explained as a factor that influenced the society's relation to scientific knowledge. The paper is covering several historical periods: pre-capitalism and capitalism, in order to point to the deeper socio-economic conditions that determined the future of science and technology.
The operationalization of the concept of political tolerance: Contribution to the study of social change
Authors: Sokolovska Valentina , Tomašević Aleksandar
Published: December 2022

Concept of political tolerance is problematized in this paper. By emphasizing the complexity and multidimensionality of this concept, the authors point out that more attention should be devoted to its operationalization in domestic research. Therefore, this paper focuses on the more precise definition of political tolerance and its sociological determinants. In the discussion, the authors examine the methodology and the results of one of the most important survey of political tolerance in the Republic of Serbia.
Upcoming togetherness: The idea of common future as principle of Melting pot strategy: Contribution to the sociology of film
Authors: Đukić Nemanja
Published: December 2022

In the article that follows we examine a social role of film. Previously analyzing the concepts of narrative, identity and melting pot, we try to prove three theses. First, the lack of togetherness as a fundamental problem of immigrant societies can be overcome by the idea of a common future. Secondly, the idea of a common future (upcoming togetherness) can be the basis of identification in the present. And thirdly, science and fantasy movies can provides a high level of the bridging social capital and social integration and cohesion, and on that way becomes very effective instrument of Melting pot strategy.
The public broadcasting system in the ethnically divided society of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Why it is not working
Authors: Radovanović-Šarenac Dejana
Published: December 2022

The complex structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a state that was established by the Dayton Accords and consisting of two entities (Republika Srpska and the Federation of B&H) and three constituent nations (Serbs, Croats, and Bosniaks), after more than two decades of existence is now being faced with a deeply segmented society and an incoherent political system. A lack of an elementary consensus among the Serbs, the Croats, and the Bosniaks about living together is the reason behind the instability of the political system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which in turn causes divisions and inconsistencies among all associated subsystems, including those media-related. Can the media, and to what degree, help overcome the tensions within the deeply divided societies if this fragmentation is not solved on the political level? The legal framework of the B&H Public Broadcasting System is defined by a single generic law on broadcasting and by laws on three public broadcasting services. However, no good legal and regulatory framework for the operation of the public broadcasting system in B&H and every public service based on high international standards, has so far been fully implemented or accepted by the local political elites. This paper addresses, among other things, the issue of media disintegration, which takes place despite the existence of commendable legal provisions.
Energetic efficiency of raspberry production in protected area facility type tunnel
Authors: Marina Irina , Grujić-Vučkovski Biljana
Published: December 2022

In recent time, raspberry production, both in the open field and in protected areas, has been expanding. The rapid growth in demand for this fruit species either as fresh or frozen, encourage the producers to intensify its production, initiating certain, not so small investments. This research is focused on raspberry production organised at farm that has available a production capacity embodied in 13 identical greenhouses settled at the one-hectare plot located at the territory of the municipality of Požega, Republic of Serbia. The greenhouses are 15x50 m in size, while they are connected in a block system. The research was carried out during the 2020. The analysis has covered primary data obtained at the selected farm that are linked to third year of raspberry plantation use, i.e. the second year of full yielding. The main goal of the paper is to assess the energetic efficiency of raspberry production organised in protected area (type tunnel). Derived results have been indicated that this type of production in a protected area generates low energy value, as well as it shows adequate energy efficiency, while ensuring the high yielding.
Evaluating demand side factors that affect institutional credit use and profitability of small-scale growers of roots and tubers: Evidence from Cameroon's South West region
Authors: Fani Djomo , Tabetando Rayner , Ndaghu Ndonkeu , Ukpe Udeme , Gama Emmanuel , Esuh Nnoko , Mohamadou Sani , Chahul Emmanuel , Oben Njock
Published: December 2022

In this study, demand-side variables affecting the use of institutional finance with small-scale growers of roots and tubers profitability in Cameroon's southwest are investigated. Using a multi-step stratified and straightforward random sample process, 837 respondents were chosen. In study was found that as farm size grows, so does the likelihood of loan need. A farmer with more years of farming expertise has more opportunities to use and demand finance. Credit institutions are more willing to lend to couples because they believe they will be able to repay the loans collectively. Educated farmers are certain that using borrowing to grow their investment will yield output that will cover their loan repayments due to their knowledge of production processes and record keeping. Further, the profitability of institutional credit users for cassava, cocoyam, and yam was higher than that of non-users of institutional credit. New techniques for identifying financially disadvantaged rural poor in the Region should be created by focusing on metrics that would increase the efficiency of entrepreneurs and take them closer to the production frontier. One of these solutions may be for the government to encourage microfinance institutions to lend to businesses in the form of inputs rather than cash.
Utility of Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise in the Assessment of Medical Interns in Simulation based Medical Education: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chavan Gajanan , Yedla Tejavenu , Patel Shradha
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Medical graduates skill assessment in simulation is underdeveloped and needs due attention in making them proficient. The mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (mini-CEX) could be an important tool in assessing and making them perfect through Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME). Aim: To determine utility of mini-CEX as a definitive and reliable assessment tool in high fidelity medical simulation. Materials and Methods: This pilot study was conducted at School of Virtual Learning (SVL) affiliated with JNMC, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University) Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India between 1st November 2021- 31st December 2021, on 50 medical interns. The learners were taught of basic clinical examination on SimMan simulator along with training in MiniCEX exercise. The case scenarios on Hypertensive, Valvular, Acute Coronary artery disorders and dysrhythmias cardiac medical emergencies were allotted and the performance of administrators and learners were assessed by mini-CEX. The mini-CEX rating form was used to evaluate the competence and student satisfaction score form was sent to learners for their feedback. The data was collected on online Google form and was tabulated and analysed, descriptive statistics, mean with standard deviation was calculated. Results: The mean age of participants was 22.5±0.53 years. There were 15 males (30%) and 35 females (70%). Average satisfaction score for the assessors was 7.4±1.2 and for the interns was 8.2±0.2. Conclusion: Excellent level of satisfaction was observed in the learners as well as the administrators by use of Mini-CEX format. Hence this exercise can be applied in accessing high fidelity simulation.
Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Section Circulating Lipid Levels in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Devaki RN , Lad Hasit Kumar D , Maheshchandra Neetaben , Chandrika N
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The antiretroviral drugs have improved the quality and extent of life of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients, yet like any other long-term medication, these are known to cause several adverse effects. One such adverse effect is on the lipid metabolism in individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). Aim: To analyse the effect of ART on the circulating lipid levels in HIV patients. The secondary aim was to compare the lipid changes in patients treated with ZLN (Zidovudine+ Lamivudine+Nevirapine) drug regimen against those with TLE (Tenofovir+ Lamivudine+ Efavirenz). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to March 2021 at the District Hospital, Chamarajanagar Karnataka, India. A total of 200 HIV positive patients between 18-55 years of age with no associated co-morbidities and who have been on ART were recruited into this study. Of the total 91 patients were on TLE (Tenofovir+ Lamivudine+ Efavirenz) and 109 were on ZLN (Zidovudine+ Lamivudine+Nevirapine) regimen. Blood samples were collected from all the patients and lipid profile analysis was done. Results: Statistically significant increase was observed in all lipid parameters in the ZLN group compared to TLE group. Serum Total Cholesterol (TC) {ZLN 190.92±43.57 v/s 164.23±40.7 in TLE group (p-value<0.0001)} serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) {ZLN 120.44±35.46 v/s 100.81±26.84 in TLE group (p-value<0.0001)}, Triglyceride (TG) {ZLN 245.68±132.42 v/s 171.56±77.30 in TLE group (p-value<0.0001)} and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) {ZLN 60.71±17.51 v/s 53.31±13.8 in TLE group (p-value=0.0012)}. Also the non HDL-C levels {ZLN 130.2±39.51 v/s 110.91±36.87 in TLE group (p-value<0.0005)} were higher in patients receiving ZLN drug regimen than those who were on TLE. Of the 200 HIV patients, 53 were taking ART for less than 5 years (mean 2.51±1.12 years), 109 were receiving ART between 5-10 years (mean 7.78±1.50 years), 38 patients were on ART treatment for more than 10 years (mean 11.73±0.76 years). A positive significant association between lipid derangement and disease/ART duration was observed. Conclusion: Lipid abnormalities were more in HIV patients on ZLN drug regimen than those on TLE regimen. The longer course of disease/ART is associated with imminent lipoprotein derangement. Periodic monitoring of lipid levels are recommended in these patients.
Aetiopathological Spectrum of Unilateral Nasal Mass: A Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Prathiba S , Neeli Ajay Kumar , Amarnath SB , Revoori Mahesh Kumar
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The presence of unilateral symptoms or pathology should be regarded with extreme caution as sino nasal neoplasms in their early stages with subtle symptoms may mimic inflammatory pathology. It is always the otolaryngologist’s endeavour to diagnose a neoplastic pathology in the early stage to prevent further complications. Aim: To study the aetiopathological profile, age, and sex distribution of unilateral nasal masses presented to our tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: The present study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study consisting of 53 patients of all age groups, of both sexes, with unilateral nasal mass presenting to the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Outpatient Department (OPD) at Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India from December 2020 to June 2021. A detailed history was recorded and the patient underwent a complete ENT check-up, and head-neck examination followed by Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and biopsy. Results: The mean age of the study population was 44 years and there were 47 males and 6 females. Nose block was the most common presenting symptom in 43 (81.1%). Middle meatus was the common site seen in 12 patients (22.6%). Inflammatory lesions was the most common observed in 24 (45.3%), followed by fungal sinusitis in 6 (11.3%), granulomatous lesions in 2 (3.8%), benign lesions in 15 (28.3%), and malignant lesions in 6 (11.3%). Conclusion: Unilateral nasal masses were found common in males than females, with a peak incidence in the 5th to 6th decades of life. Histopathologically inflammatory lesions are the most common followed by benign and then malignant lesions. Any unilateral nasal mass should be viewed with a high index of suspicion for malignant lesions and should be subjected to diagnostic nasal endoscopy, imaging, and histopathological examination after surgical excision of the mass.
Acyclovir with Steroid and Steroid Alone in the Treatment of Idiopathic Facial Nerve Palsy: A Randomised Double-blinded Clinical Study from a Tertiary Care Centre, Chennai, India
Authors: Karthika SR , Priya K , Rajasekaran S , Balaji D
Published: December 2022

Introdutcion: Idiopathic palsy of facial nerve is an acute disease which causes lower motor neuron palsy characterised by facial asymmetry leads to psychological effects and limits one’s social life. Steroids are very effective in the management of Bell’s palsy. The usage of antiviral is still in debate due to the idiopathic aetiology of Bell’s palsy. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of acyclovir with steroid and steroid alone in the management of Bell’s palsy with respect to the recovery time. Materials and Methods: The randomised double-blinded study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from September 2021 to February 2022 among 100 patients with idiopathic facial nerve palsy. Patients were divided into two groups, 50 patients in each. One group treated with acyclovir (400 mg oral five times daily) and methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg/ day), and other group treated with steroid alone. Both the groups received physiotherapy in the Department of Physiotherapy and taught about home facial exercises. The patients were on regular follow-up for 6 months to monitor the time of the recovery. HouseBrackmann grading system was used for initial assessment and monitor the recovery of the patient. The improvement of House-Brackmann grade to I or II was considered a satisfactory recovery. The association between two groups were assessed by Chi-square test (χ2 ), repeated measures and paired t-test. The statistical significance was considered when p-value<0.05. Results: Out of 100 patients, 52 patients were male and 48 were female, while the age range was 19-58 years. At 2 months, 43 (86%) patients recovered in the combination group and 41 (82%) in the steroid alone group (p-value=0.0038). At 6 months, 48 (96%) patients recovered in the combination group and 42 (84%) in the steroid alone group (p-value=0.178). The overall recovery rate was higher in the combination group (96%) compared to steroid alone group (84%). Conclusion: The combination of acyclovir with steroids in the treatment of Bell’s palsy has better recovery compared to steroid alone therapy.
Purple Glove Syndrome- A Catastrophic Complication of Phenytoin Injection
Authors: Lahane Vivek , Kabra Ruchita , Andhale Amol , Acharya Sourya , Kumar Sunil
Published: December 2022

Purple Glove Syndrome (PGS) is a rare complication of intravenous phenytoin administration which is illustrated by delayed soft tissue injury of the skin conterminous to the point or distal to the site of intravenous phenytoin infusion. The clinical features of PGS include pain, oedema, and bluish discolouration over the extremity. The present case report describes about a 60-year-old male, who presented to the Emergency Department with the chief complaints of generalised tonic clonic seizures, lasting for 10 mins, for which he was managed with inj. phenytoin sodium. The computed tomography scan of brain revealed right-sided subdural haematoma. After 24 hours of hospital stay, the patient started complaining of severe pain in the arm and forearm. There was purple-bluish discolouration around the intravenous site, peripheral oedema and pain. The various risk factors linked to PGS, include old age and large and multiple doses of phenytoin.
Morningness-eveningness Preferences among Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sharma Anju , Kaushik Navneet Kumar
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Morningness and eveningness is a phenomenon which looks at the differences among the individuals regarding their diurnal preferences, sleep-wake pattern of activity and alertness in evening or morning. Morning chronotypes are individuals who exhibit morning tendencies like rising early in the morning while evening chronotypes prefer to get up later in the morning and stay awake later at night time and also perform their best during late afternoon or evening. Morning chronotypes are known to exhibit better physical and mental health, greater self-esteem and academic performance. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of morningness and eveningness among medical students. Association of chronotype with academic performance was also determined. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 apparently healthy medical students at Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nalhar, Haryana, India from October 2021 to January 2022. All the participants were sent a validated Morningness-Eveningness self-assessment Questionnaire (MEQ). Data of chronotypic preferences expressed as frequencies of participants (%) and association determined using Pearson’s Chi-square test and p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Study revealed that 67 (61%) students belonged to the Intermediate (I) chronotype, around one-fourth {n=26 (24%)} were Morning (M) type while 17 (15%) were Evening (E) type. Morningness was more frequently reported by females as compared to males in n=8 (28%) vs. n=18 (22%) respectively. Higher scores (≥50%) were more prevalent among M types as compared E types in n=10 (38%) vs. n=3 (18%) respectively}; however, association between chronotype and academic performance could not reach significant level (p-value=0.15). Conclusion: The distribution of chronotypes in study sample provided the evidence that majority of students could be classified as intermediate type. Morningness was more frequent in females as compared to males. Further studies with large sample size are needed to explore the influence of chronotype on academic performance.
Customised 3D Printed guides for Mandibular Fracture ManagementA Report of Two Cases
Authors: Chakravarthy Chitra , Patil Ravi S , Babu V Chethan , Wagdargi Shivraj , Arahna Daisy
Published: December 2022

In treating mandibular fractures, accurate anatomical reduction and reconstruction remains quite challenging and arduous for the oral maxillofacial surgeon using traditional devices and methods. Therefore, advanced techniques have become essential to simplify and achieve safe and desirable anatomical reduction with lesser operative time. Introduction of 3 Dimensional (3D) printed guides helps to achieve bony consolidation in the correct anatomic position to facilitate standard mouth opening and restore the pretrauma occlusion. In the following cases reports, the preoperative surgical planning began with the construction of 3D imaging in both the cases after radiographic examination. For virtual reconstruction, the images from the multiplanar Computed Tomography (CT) scan were converted into Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format. The present reports have proposed using an inexpensive customised 3D printed cast metal surgical guide in the treatment of two cases of mandibular fracture. A customised 3D printed surgical guide and an occlusal stent were designed and fabricated to assist in placing screws and plates for approximation of fractured segments and to guide the occlusion during surgery. They also highlight the efficacy and functionality of a customised 3D printed cast metal surgical guide in increasing the reduction accuracy, reducing surgical difficulties, and improving clinical outcomes with a lesser operative time in treating mandibular fractures.
Obstructed Left Paraduodenal Hernia with Spontaneous Reduction Demonstrated on Computed Tomography: A Case Report
Authors: Rangankar Varsha P , Muralinath Krishnarjun , Patil Parag V , Zaman Sameeh UZ
Published: December 2022

Paraduodenal hernias (PDH) are the most frequently occurring internal hernia, caused due to nonfusion between inferior mesentery and parietal peritoneum. The herniation of the bowel through the fossa of Landzert results in the left paraduodenal hernia which constitutes 75% of PDH. A case of a 34-year-old male with obstructed left PDH and a spontaneous reduction is demonstrated on Computed Tomography (CT). The patient had a cluster of jejunal loops forming a sac-like mass in the left anterior pararenal space, with surrounding mass effect with twisting and stretching of the mesenteric vessels at the hernia orifice, which showed a spontaneous reduction on subsequent contrast-enhanced and delayed CT studies. Despite the imaging evidence of spontaneous reduction of left PDH in our case, surgery remains the mainstay in terms of management for left paraduodenal hernia.
Biomass and Dry Matter Yield Potential of Some Early Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) Genotypes
Authors: Oktem Abdullah , Oktem Ayse Gulgun
Published: December 2022

Sweet sorghum plant is a warm season annual crop. It can be used for animal feeding in the one-cut agricultural system. Sweet sorghum is grown for the purpose of fresh and dry grass and for silage production. Biomass of sweet sorghum is nutritive due to sweet sorghum stalk contains 15-20% sugar. The study aimed to determine biomass, dry matter yield and some agricultural characteristics of some early sweet sorghum genotypes. Research was carried out during the second crop-growing season of 2016 at the Eyyubiye campus of experimental area of the Harran University in Sanliurfa, Turkiye. The experiment was designed as complete randomized blocks design with four replicates. This study utilized 12 early sweet sorghum genotypes as crop material. The experiment investigated some yield characteristics such as cluster formation period, plant height, stalk diameter, stalk ratio, leaf ratio, cluster ratio, dry matter yield and biomass yield. Results showed significant differences between the genotypes for tested characteristics (P≤0.01). Cluster formation period values ranged from 54.25 to 69.00 day, plant height from 252.25 to 340.75 cm, stalk diameter from 19.15 to 25.60 mm, stalk ratio from 75.72% to 86.75%. Leaf ratio values varied between 8.83% and 15.98%, cluster ratio between 4.40% and 10.31%. Dry matter yield values were between 2918.12 and 8456.25 kg da-1, biomass yield values between 9283.5 and 18400.0 kg da-1. Findings revealed that UNLY-hybrid-4, Rox Orange, Blue Ribben, and Colman sweet sorghum cultivars gave higher values than others in terms of plant height, dry matter yield and biomass yield.
Engineering Parameters Responses during Extrusion Processing of Noodles Analogue from Water Yam, Yellow Maize, and African Yam Bean Flour Mixture
Authors: Kalu C. E. , Obinna V. O. , Enyi O. I. , Onum P. K.
Published: December 2022

This study investigated the effect of extrusion process on engineering properties of noodles analogue from water yam, yellow maize, and African yam bean. Flour blend from water yam, yellow maize, and African yam bean were produced using the standard method of dry milling and was used to extrude noodles analogue using a brabender single screw laboratory extruder (Duisburg DCE 330 model) fitted with 3.0mmdie nozzle diameter. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three variables, namely barrel temperature, feed moisture content  and screw speed and five level coded – a, -1, 0, +1,, +a, was used for the study and data was generated at (p<0.05). Results of result of the engineering properties of noodles analogue showed that toque ranged from 22.4 to 60.50Nm/s, mass flow rate ranged from 33.90 to 109g/min-1, specific mechanical energy ranged from 100.19 to 385.97kj/kg, and the residence time ranged from 22 to 55s in this study. The CCRD was effective in explaining the effect of the process conditions on noodles analogue as influenced by barrel temperature, feed moisture content, and screw speed of the extruder. The data obtained from the study could be used for control of product characteristics.It was generally observed that the changing of feed moisture content, barrel temperature, and screw speed influenced an acceptable torque, mass flow rate, and residence time during the extruder operation. The noodles analogue produced at this cheap machine operating conditions could be projected for commercial production.
Study and Quality Evaluation of Candy Prepared by Using Ash Gourd (Benincasa hispida)
Authors: Hadi Syed Rayan , Prasad V. M. , Singh Yash Kr.
Published: December 2022

The present investigation was carried out at the post-Harvest laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the session 2021-22 with a view to study the shelf life of products and to find out the best product based on organoleptic test. The treatments were dried in sun and observations were recorded at 4 various days of storage viz. 10 days, 30 days, 45 days, 60 days as 4 replications in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD). Ash gourd were picked from the local market of Prayagraj. The fruits which were uniform in size, unblemished, free from diseases and pests were chosen for the study along with honey, sugar, lemon and jaggery. Under this experiment, overall, 9 treatments were taken viz., T1 (Ash gourd in 64º Brix Sugar syrup), T2 (Ash gourd in 68º Brix Sugar syrup), T3 (Ash gourd in 72º Brix Sugar syrup), T4 (Ash gourd in 64º Brix honey), T5 (Ash gourd in 68º Brix honey), T6 (Ash gourd in 72º Brix honey), T7 (Ash gourd in 64º Brix Jaggery), T8 (Ash gourd in 68º Brix Jaggery) and T9 (Ash gourd in 72º Brix Jaggery). Based on results obtained during the present investigation on ash gourd candy, treatment combination T6 (Ash gourd in 72º Brix Honey) had maximum value for colour and appearance score (7.80), flavour and taste score (9.50), overall acceptability score (7.50), shelf life (41.00). Therefore, T6 (Ash gourd in 72º Brix Honey) is found to be the best treatment combination in overall parameters and best for preparation of candy using ash gourd.
Kinetics and Benefits of Methanogenesis of Poultry Manure to Biogas in Terms of Energy and Emissions
Authors: Kumargoud Viresh , Meena S. R. , Barik Pabitra Mohan , Deshpande Shrinivas
Published: December 2022

Biogas has the potential to lessen dependency on fossil fuels while simultaneously increasing access to energy in rural areas. This technique is highly important in rural regions, where energy crises are common. Biogas can be utilized in the home for cooking and heating, as well as converted into electricity for industrial usage. At Sriya Farm, Avalamarakalaghatta Village, Mulbagal Taluka, Kolar, this study was conducted to determine the viability of using poultry litter for biogas production and energy generation. The amount of waste generated by poultry farms was calculated, and technology for converting waste into biogas was addressed. Finally, the quantity of electricity produced from poultry waste was determined. Daily feeding of 5-6 tonnes of chicken litter resulted in the generation of 680 units of energy per day. From this, 50 kW biogas power was generated which is used for working for 10-12 hours per day. The adoption of this technology saves 113970 L of diesel per year and 78926 kg of equivalent LPG per year. The project costs Rs. 59.00 lakhs and has a payback period of 1.96 years, meeting all of the industry's energy needs.
Impact of Iodine Biofortification on Greenhouse Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Growth and Production
Authors: Melgoza Francisco Alfonso Gordillo , Escalante Fernando Borrego , Cavazos Carlos Javier Lozano , Torres Valentín Robledo , Montejo Neymar Camposeco , Mendoza María de las Nieves Rodríguez , Mendoza Adalberto Benavides
Published: December 2022

Aims: Evaluate the impact and biofortification of iodide (I-) and iodate (IO3-), on melon morphology and physiology under greenhouse conditions.

Study Design: Experimental design was completely randomized with a 2x2x3 factorial arrangement, for a total of 12 treatments and 4 repetitions, giving a total of 48 experimental units. Means were compared using LSD test at 0.05.

Place and Duration of Study: Experiment was established in greenhouses of Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo. Coahuila. Mexico, between April and July 2020.

Methodology: Iodine applications were made 15 days after transplant, with a total of 10 applications to substrate and 5 foliar applications during experiment. Treatments consisted of potassium iodide (KI) applications directly to the substrate and foliar at 0.0, 0.5 and 1 mM of iodide (I-), every week to the substrate and every 15 days in a foliar way. In same way, with potassium iodate (KIO3) treatments, applying 0, 0.5 and 1 mM of iodate (IO3-).

Results: Applications of 1 mM iodate to the substrate increased the number of leaves and leaf area. Yields decreased where iodine was applied. Nitrogen uptake improved in almost all applications of iodide and iodate. Potassium decreased with iodide and iodate applications. The concentration of iodine in the stage of flowering and maturity with applications of iodide to the substrate 1 mM. Iodine concentrations in melon fruit were better at low concentrations of foliar applied iodide and 0.5 mM substrate.

Conclusion: Applications of iodide and iodate have a positive effect to melon fruits, without presenting phytotoxic effects.
Adipose Derived Stem Cells in the Treatment of Vitiligo
Authors: Fahmy Dina H. , Elfar Nashwa N. , Shaker Engi Seif E. , Ahmed Amira Y. , Mostafa Walid A. , Ibrahim Zeinab A.
Published: December 2022

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired skin disorder with challenging treatment options. Adipose-derived stem cells can stimulate the differentiation of the adjacent cells into specialized cells owing to the effect of several growth factors. They may be able to differentiate into melanocyte precursors.

Objective: To detect the safety and effectiveness of ADSCs in the vitiligo treatment.

Methods: We recruited 15 patients in this study with stable vitiligo which is resistant to the ordinary methods of treatment. The injection of ADSCs was done in single session then followed by narrow band-UVB sessions twice weekly and the patients were assessed clinically after three months.

Results: The median percentage of re-pigmentation was 60%, while regarding the degree of improvement, 26-6% of patients showed excellent and 33.3% of patients had good responses. 53.3% of patients did not have any side effects while other patients experienced minimal side effects.

Conclusion: ADSCs could be a promising and safe alternative treatment for resistant vitiligo cases.
Evaluation of Comprehensive COVID-19 Testing Program Outcomes in a US Dental Clinical Care Academic Setting
Authors: Choi Sung Eun , Sima Corneliu , Colom Laura Pesquera , Nguyen Giang T. , Giannobile William V.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Although many academic institutions have implemented infection control and prevention protocols, including regular asymptomatic self-testing, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the outcomes of mandatory surveillance testing programs at academic dental institutions that offer direct patient-facing clinical care has not yet been reported.

Objective

To report the findings of a comprehensive surveillance COVID-19 testing program at an academic dental institution by assessing SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates and the potential association of test positivity with individual-level characteristics such as age, sex, and role.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using SARS-CoV-2 self-testing data from a mandatory surveillance program at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine. Test results obtained between August 24, 2020, and February 28, 2022, from students, faculty, and staff members were analyzed. Testing cadence varied from 1 to 3 times per week depending on risk status. The association of individual characteristics with test positivity was evaluated with univariate analyses and a bayesian multilevel logistic regression model.

Exposures

Age by decade, sex, and role or position category (staff members, faculty, and students stratified by their involvement in clinical care activities), testing cadence, and testing date.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Positive results from SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction self-tests were assessed.

Results

Of the 390 study participants, 210 (53.8%) were women. Participants were grouped by age as follows: 20 to 29 years (190 [48.7%]), 30 to 39 years (88 [22.6%]), 40 to 49 years (44 [11.3%]), 50 to 59 years (42 [10.8%]), and 60 years or older (26 [6.7%]). Test results demonstrated an overall 0.27% positivity rate (61 test-positive cases), with a peak weekly positivity rate of 5.12% in the first week of January 2022. The mean (SD) test positivity rate among those involved in clinical activities was 0.25% (0.04) compared with 0.36% (0.09) among nonclinical participants. When adjusting for all considered covariates, test positivity was significantly associated with testing frequency (3 times vs 1 time per week: odds ratio [OR], 1.51 [95% credible interval (CrI), 1.07-3.69]) and timing of the test (after vs during the Alpha wave: OR, 0.33 [95% CrI, 0.11-0.88]; and Omicron vs Alpha: OR, 11.59 [95% CrI, 6.49-22.21]) but not with individual characteristics (age, sex, and role).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that implementing an adaptive testing cadence based on the risk status of individuals may be effective in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection within an institution. In this study, involvement in clinical activities did not pose additional risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with other in-person activities in the presence of these control measures.
Alternate Synthesis Method for High‐Performance Manganese Rich Cation Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes
Authors: Patil Shripad , Darbar Devendrasinh , Self Ethan C. , Malkowski Thomas , Wu Vincent C. , Giovine Raynald , Szymanski Nathan J. , McAuliffe Rebecca D. , Jiang Bo , Keum Jong K. , Koirala Krishna P. , Ouyang Bin , Page Katharine , Wang Chongmin , Ceder Gerbrand , Clément Raphaële J. , Nanda Jagjit
Published: December 2022

Cation‐disordered rocksalt (DRX) cathodes have recently emerged as a promising class of cobalt‐free, high‐capacity cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries. To facilitate their commercialization, the development of scalable synthesis techniques providing control over composition and morphology is critical. To this end, a sol‐gel synthesis route to prepare Mn‐rich DRX cathodes with high capacities is presented here. Several compositions with varied Mn content and nominal F doping are successfully prepared using this technique. In‐situ X‐ray diffraction measurements demonstrate that DRX formation proceeds at moderate temperature (800 °C) through the sol‐gel route, which enables intimate mixing among reactive intermediate phases that form at lower temperatures. All synthesized compositions possess cation short‐range order, as evidenced by neutron pair distribution function and electron diffraction analysis. These DRX materials demonstrate promising electrochemical performance with reversible capacities up to 275 mAh g. Compared to the baseline oxide (Li1.2Mn0.4Ti0.4O2), the Mn‐rich compositions exhibit improved cycling stability, with some showing an increase in capacity upon cycling. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of preparing high‐capacity DRX cathodes through a sol‐gel based synthesis route, which may be further optimized to provide better control over the product morphology compared to traditional synthesis methods.