bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conductance, Dissociation Constant and Thermodynamic Parameters Studies of Succinic acid in Water + Pyruvate Carboxylase and Water + Tetrahydrofuran medium
Authors: Hazra Ashoke
Published: January 2022

Present paper describes the conductivity studies of succinic acid with aqueous PC and THF medium. Limiting molar conductivities and dissociation constant (Kc) were calculated by Kraus-Bray conductivity equations from 288K to 318K. Thermodynamic parameters ∆H, ∆G, ∆S, ∆Es were calculated.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zincoxide Nanoparticles of Average Diameter 10nm in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Biswas Arpita
Published: January 2022

Synthesis of Zincoxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with definite size and shape and their morphological characterization rationally is really a challenging aspect at present due to the ongoing demand of these nanosize particles for their divergent use in different field of science and technology. Reduction of Zinc acetate dihydrate by sodium hydroxide was performed to produce ZnO NPs by following precipitation method. Here the whole reaction was completed in aqueous medium in low temperature. To characterize the synthesized ZnO NPs some recent techniques like X-Ray diffraction study (XRD), Ultra-Violet Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and Electron diffraction X-ray (EDX) were used systematically.
A Facile Synthesis and Characterization of new Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium (N-P-K) Fertilizer Fortified with Tri-micronutrient Matrix and its application for Optimal Plant Augmentation
Authors: Venugopal N. V. S. , Mohana Rao G. N. V.
Published: January 2022

At present in agricultural techniques engaged the optimal nutrient supply is very imperative factor for elevated crop yield and all essential plant macro and micronutrients. Micronutrients play vital role in photosynthesis. For balanced crop nutrition micronutrient support is essential. Micronutrient fertilizer required in small quantities by plants and occupy vital role in physiology of plant kingdom. Proven fact is decisive plant functions are over involved if enough micronutrients are engaged. In this paper the author developed a new N-P-K fertilizer fortified with tri -micronutrient matrix and its application for optimal Plant growth. The author developed and analyzed hundred percent water soluble active fertilizer(15-15-15) with three important micronutrients (-3.4 0.5%Zn, 0.5%Fe, 0.5% Mg). Pot experiments were conducted with and without proposed fertilizer on Solanum lycopersicum(tomato) seeds. The proposed enhanced efficiency fertilizer with tri micronutrient matrix showed better plant growth as compared to normal untreated fertilizer in low nutrient soil field.
Response Surface Optimization for Simultanous Estimation of Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir in Human Plasma Sample
Authors: Tulasi Jampana Rama , Rani Avula Prameela , Anumolu Panikumar Durga
Published: January 2022

An efficient column friendly, buffer free, highly sensitive, cost effective RP-HPLC method was developed by considering the criticality of different method parameters on analytical attributes like tailing factor, resolution and retention time in preliminary risk analysis and screening designs. The Pareto analysis of screening design highlighted the need for optimization of resolution and its influencers (capacity factor and theoretical plates) for both the drugs to imbibe quality in the method. The suggested method of optimization design was developed using ZODIAC C18 ODS (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column in isocratic mode using mobile phase acetonitrile : methanol : water in the ratio of 60:10:30 at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and UV detection wavelength of 262 nm. The retention times of drugs were found to be 3.488 minutes for sofosbuvir, 5.387 minutes for velpatasvir. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r2=0.997 for sofosbuvir, r2=0.988 for velpatasvir, in the working concentration range of 1000-5000 ng/mL, 250-1250 ng/mL respectively. The AQbD devised method was applied for quantification of drugs in plasma and validated as suggested in ICH M10 guidelines.
Characterization of a Novel Curcumin based Schiff base Ligand, Synthesized by Microwave Method
Authors: Kumari K. S Beena , Devi R Sudha , Senan V Nayana
Published: January 2022

A new Schiff base ligand derived from curcumin and ethylenediamine has been synthesized by the microwave irradiation method. The synthesized ligand was characterized by using FT-IR, UV-VIS, Molar conductance, NMR, PL and DLS studies. The results confirmed that the successful formation of Curcumin Based Schiff Base ligand. The ligand synthesized was stable at room temperature, completely soluble in hot methanol/DMF, partially soluble in ethanol/DMSO/acetone and insoluble in water. The spectra studies of FTIR and UV-visible confirmed the formation of the azomethine group in the ligand. NMR spectrum confirmed the presence of aromatic proton, hydroxyl proton, amine proton etc in the ligand. The luminescent property of the ligand was confirmed by the photoluminescence spectroscopic method. The low molar conductance value showed the non-electrolytic nature of the ligand. The dynamic light scattering studies showed that the ligand synthesized was in nanometer scale. The structure of the ligand was also proposed based on the analysis reports.
Overtone Frequencies of NO2 using Lie algebraic model
Authors: J. Vijayasekhar J. Vijayasekhar , Kumar K. Anil , Srinivas N.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we used the one dimensional unitatry Lie algebraic model to compute the vibrational frequencies of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) molecule in the gas phase up to the sixth overtone. In this model, the Hamiltonian operator describes the stretching and bending vibrations with algebraic parameters. The calculated fundamental vibrational frequencies are compared with experimental values and results consistent with the reference values.
Carbon-Based Materials from Borassus flabellifer and their Applications
Authors: C. Thevamirtha  , Sherin Monichan  , P. Mosae Selvakumar
Published: January 2022

Plant-based carbon materials are a high-demand source nowadays, as they are low-cost, eco-friendly, easily available, and sustainable.  Borassus flabellifer (Palmyra palm) is a gift of nature that gives numerous benefits, as all parts of the tree can be used for multiple purposes. Palmyraculture is the practice of cultivating Palmyra palms and utilizing them to live a self-reliant life in working towards sustainable development. Due to the advancement of technology, Borassus flabellifer is used to synthesize carbon materials, including hard carbon, carbon nanodots, charcoal, and activated carbon.  These carbon materials can be used in electrochemistry as anode materials, biosensing, bioimaging, catalysts, and water purification. This review mainly focuses on the carbon materials derived from the Borassus flabellifer, their applications in various fields, and further aspects that have to be considered.
An alternative design and implementation of a solid state on-load tap changer
Authors: Kommey Benjamin , Tamakloe Elvis , Adom-Bamfi Gideon , Opoku Daniel
Published: January 2022

Power quality and reliability are of great importance in the modern world, whether it be the power generated by the power utilities or the power consumed by the customer respectively. They need these supplies to be at its optimum value so that the cost is effective, and the safety of devices assured otherwise problems such as overvoltage, under-voltage, and voltage sags caused by disturbances in the power supply could be disastrous. On-load tap changers (OLTC) have therefore been used since the inception of electrical engineering. The main function of the OLTC is to change the turns of the transformer winding so that the voltage variations are limited without interrupting the secondary current.The major idea is that the electronic switches and other smart systems provide more controllability during the tap changing process, unlike mechanical switches.This paper presents an alternative design and implementation of a low-cost solid-state OLTC and employs a control strategy that is microcontroller-based, ensuring the desired flexibility and controllability required in programming the control algorithms.It eliminates the limitations of both mechanical and hybrid OLTCs (arcing, slow response time, losses) and is user-friendly (provides an effective communication medium). Voltage regulation is achieved by varying the turns of the transformer winding whiles it is energized, supplying load current and with the tap selection carried out on the primary side. Therefore, this approach provides a less expensive system but ensures the efficiency and reliability of voltage regulation.
Study on the characteristics of pipe buckling strength under pure bending and external stress using nonlinear finite element analysis
Authors: Yudo Hartono , Amiruddin Wilma , Santosa Ari Wibawa Budi , Mursid Ocid , Admono Tri
Published: January 2022

Buckling and collapse are important failure modes for laying and operating conditions in a subsea position. The pipe will be subjected to various kinds of loads, i.e., bending moment, external pressure, and tension. Nonlinear finite element analysis was used to analyze the buckling strength of the pipe under pure bending and external pressure. The buckling of elastic and elasto-plastic materials was also studied in this work. The buckling strength due to external pressure had decreased and become constant on the long pipe when the length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) was increased. The non-dimensional parameter (β), which is proportionate to (D/t) (σy/E), is used to study the yielding influence on the buckling strength of pipe under combined bending and external pressure loading. The interaction curves of the buckling strength of pipe were obtained, with various the diameter-to-thickness ratio (D/t) under combination loads of external pressure and bending moment. For straight pipes L/D = 2.5 to 40, D = 1000 to 4000 mm, and D/t = 50 to 200 were set. The curved pipes D/t = 200, L/D =2.5 to 30 have been investigated by changing the radius of curvature-to-diameter ratio (R/D) from 50 to ∞, for each one. With decreasing R/D, the buckling strength under external pressure decreases slightly. This is in contrast to the bending of a curved pipe. When the value of R/D was decreased, the flexibility of the pipe was increased. However, the buckling strength of the pipe during bending was decreased due to the oval deformation at the cross-section.
Vision-based vanishing point detection of autonomous navigation of mobile robot for outdoor applications
Authors: Rusli Leonard , Nurhalim Brilly , Rusyadi Rusman
Published: January 2022

The vision-based approach to mobile robot navigation is considered superior due to its affordability. This paper aims to design and construct an autonomous mobile robot with a vision-based system for outdoor navigation. This robot receives inputs from camera and ultrasonic sensor. The camera is used to detect vanishing points and obstacles from the road. The vanishing point is used to detect the heading of the road. Lines are extracted from the environment using a canny edge detector and Houghline Transforms from OpenCV to navigate the system. Then, removed lines are processed to locate the vanishing point and the road angle. A low pass filter is then applied to detect a vanishing point better. The robot is tested to run in several outdoor conditions such as asphalt roads and pedestrian roads to follow the detected vanishing point. By implementing a Simple Blob Detector from OpenCV and ultrasonic sensor module, the obstacle's position in front of the robot is detected. The test results show that the robot can avoid obstacles while following the heading of the road in outdoor environments. Vision-based vanishing point detection is successfully applied for outdoor applications of autonomous mobile robot navigation.
Acceso de servicios de emergencia hacia los espacios públicos: relación de distancia y tiempo
Authors: Alcocer-García Pablo , Chung-Alonso Peter , Correa-Fuentes Dora Angélica
Published: January 2022

La calidad de vida de los ciudadanos es un reflejo directo del acceso que tengan al equipamiento y los servicios urbanos; a este respecto, es de especial importancia el estudio de los centros de atención de emergencias (médicas, de seguridad, de protección civil y por los bomberos), por el tipo de servicio que brindan. El artículo mide la accesibilidad del equipamiento en términos de la distancia (radios de influencia) y el tiempo estimado hacia los espacios públicos abiertos de la ciudad de Colima, México, mediante el Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) QGis, creando mapas con radios de influencia concéntricos a cada kilómetro de distancia, para identificar su alcance. Los resultados muestran un patrón centralizado, mediante una o dos infraestructuras para cada servicio, pero dejando zonas vulnerables en las periferias ante situaciones emergentes; el sistema de seguridad es el único identificado con una sectorización urbana para una atención eficaz. Finalmente, se concluye la necesidad de reorganizar la estructura en el ámbito urbano, mediante centros de atención a menor escala que los actuales, pero que en conjunto den un servicio óptimo y completo al área urbana.
Reflexiones en torno a la enseñanza de la arquitectura y el urbanismo en Colombia. Conversaciones con Jorge Vicente Ramírez Nieto y Stefano Anzellini Fajardo. Segunda serie de entrevistas
Authors: Ávila-Gómez Andrés
Published: January 2022

Las dos entrevistas de la presente serie plantean varios interrogantes sobre la enseñanza de la arquitectura en Colombia durante el último cuarto del siglo XX. Uno de ellos tiene que ver con la relación, las diferencias y las similitudes entre la educación pública y la privada: ¿cuáles fueron las posibles ventajas o carencias que durante ese último tramo del siglo XX encarnaron los programas de las escuelas de arquitectura, y que fueron reforzados por los docentes en ejercicio? El testimonio de los arquitectos Jorge Ramírez Nieto y Stefano Anzellini revela con amplitud un contexto social que ilustra la forma como la sociedad colombiana se encaminaba, en algunas esferas, hacia un fenómeno tempranero de globalización. Por otro lado, el interés de los protagonistas en los viajes de estudio y la construcción de redes profesionales con un alcance regional o global nos sitúan en un panorama de internacionalización de la enseñanza y de la investigación, cuyo impacto real y efectivo en el medio académico colombiano durante aquellos años, merece ser estudiado de manera más amplia.
Avirulence gene based RFLP and rep-PCR distinguish the genetic variation of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae pathotypes in Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Mohammad Mahbubul , Masud Md. Mostafa , Bashar Samrin , Hossain Mohammad Iqbal , Alam Md. Zahangir , Islam Md. Rashidul
Published: January 2022

Bacterial blight (BB) caused by X. oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the devastating diseases of rice mostly in Asia. Genomes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae is highly variable due to rearrangement of the large contents of transposable elements and dynamic changes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae population regulated efficiency of the control measures used for BB management of rice worldwide. In this study, genetic variation of X. oryzae pv. oryzae pathotypes of Bangladesh was studied using aviruelnce gene based RFLP and rep-PCR techniques aimed to formulate pathogen targeted effective control measures against BB of rice. Eight pathotypes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae field isolates were identified based on their reactions against 10 Near Isogenic Lines (NILs). Among eight pathotypes, pathotypes IV and V contained higher number of isolates which were 30.13% and 23.01% respectively while pathotype VIII revealed as minimum containing only 2.51% of total isolates. These eight pathotypes were studied for their genetic variation by RFLP using avrBs3 repeat domain as probe. The results conceded that Bangladeshi X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains seem carrying a minimum of two and maximum of nine avrBs3 family genes homologs. The resistance phenotype on IRBB7 and IRBB10 NILs also indicated presence of two major avrBs3 family genes viz. avrxa7 and avrXa10 in some pathotypes. Relationship of phylogenicity exhibited that X. oryzae pv. oryzae pathotypes assorted into two RFLP haplotypes as well as these haplotypes are largely distributed in Bangladesh. Phylogenetic analyses carried out by (REP, ERIC), rep-PCR and BOX depicted the presence of two main molecular haplotypes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae pathotypes. The relationship between pathotypes and molecular haplotypes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae in Bangladesh indicated that the same lineage possesses different pathotypes and different lineage possesses different pathotypes. The results indicated that eight different pathotypes might have originated from common inherited haplotypes with a wide genetic variation.
Growth and yield assessment of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.): an economic feasibility and performance evaluation of capillary wick irrigation system
Authors: Felipe Alvin John B , Bareng Jeoffrey Lloyd R
Published: January 2022

The study assessed the growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in order to evaluate the performance and economic feasibility of capillary wick irrigation system. Unlike any other capillary rise-based systems that uses the matric potential of the soil to dictate the amount of water to be drawn, this system aimed to continuously supply water imitating a full-time drip irrigation system but cheaper in terms of materials and operating cost. A 5 mm-width, cotton fabric strip was used as a wick material based from the results of the preliminary testing to verify several literature claims. In order to determine number of wicks to optimally supply the water demand of lettuce, treatments namely, T1= 1 wick, T2 = 2 wicks, T3 = 3 wicks and a control treatment T4 which uses manual irrigation method, were tested and compared against each other. Significant results were in terms of the volume of water applied, and the water use efficiency in which T1 showed a better performance among other treatments. However, it does not imply that T1 had produced a supreme yield output. Instead, this can be attributed to the efficient application of irrigation water to an optimal level. This means that T1 or the use of 1 wick material minimizes irrigation water losses through evaporation and percolation. An economic analysis was performed and has resulted to a return on investment of 41.92% or 41.92% of the investment cost will be returned after three cropping, which is an attribute of the particular set-up cost of the study.
Rosmarinic acid production in cell suspension cultures of Ehretia asperula Zollinger & Moritz
Authors: Tram Pham Thi My , Suong Ngo Ke , Tien Le Thi Thuy
Published: January 2022

Plant cell cultures provide an alternative means for producing secondary compounds in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Ehretia asperula Zollinger & Moritzi is used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of liver detoxification, ulcers, tumors, inflammation and enhancing the body's resistance in Vietnam. The study was carried out to select suitable callus line for cell suspension cultures of E. asperula Zollinger & Moritzi and investigate the effects of inoculum size, rotation speed and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on the proliferation of cell suspension cultures. In addition, the influence of light intensity on the growth and rosmarinic acid (RA) biosynthesis of cell suspension was also surveyed. After 4 weeks of culture, the white to pale yellow friable callus expanded significantly with a fresh weight (FW) of 0.788 g and a high RA content of 2.062 mg/g FW. An appropriate medium for cell proliferation was the liquid B5 medium, which contained 30 g/l glucose, 0.1 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA) and 0.4 mg/l NAA. The results also demonstrated that a 1:20 ratio (w/v) inoculum size, darkness and rotation speed of 90 rpm were the optimal conditions for the proliferation and RA accumulation to 188.217 mg/l in 4 weeks of culture. These findings showed that E. asperula Zollinger & Moritzi cell suspension cultures could be a potential alternative approach for RA production in vitro.
FRANSIZ MERKANTİLİZMİNİN DİSİPLİNCİ İKTİDAR PROJESİ: BÜYÜK KAPATILMA
Authors: KURTULUŞ Güneş , İNCİ Mustafa
Published: January 2022

Fransa, merkantilist doktrinin en önemli temsilcilerinden biriydi. Bu kadar önemli olmasında hiç şüphesiz

dönemin maliye bakanı J.B. Colbert’in etkisi büyüktür. Öyle ki, Fransız merkantilizmi tarih boyunca

Colbertizm olarak anılmıştır. Colbert döneminde ülkede ekonomik gelişmenin sağlanması amacıyla daha

önce benzeri görülmemiş birtakım uygulamalar hayata geçirilmiştir. Bu uygulamalardan biri, verimli

olarak görülmeyen kişilerin Colbert yönetimi tarafından bazı kurumlara kapatılması olmuştur. “Büyük

Kapatılma” olarak adlandırılan bu sürecin en başından beri bilinçli bir proje olduğu savunulmaktadır. Buna

göre projenin amacı, tek tip insanlardan oluşan bir toplum modeli yaratmaktı. Fransa’da devlet bu projenin

kurgulanmasında ön planda olmuştur. Foucault on yedinci yüzyılda, iktidar kavramının ilişkisellikten

öte somut bir yönetim sanatına dönüşerek farklı bir iktidar biçiminin ortaya çıktığını ileri sürmektedir.

Çalışmanın amacı, Fransız merkantilizmi teorisini, Foucault’nun disiplinci iktidar kavramından hareketle

eleştiriye açmaktır. Bu kapsamda, dönemin maliye bakanı J.B. Colbert tarafından yönetilen Fransa

ekonomisi ile o dönemde yükselişe geçen kapatma kurumları arasındaki ilişki; Foucault’nun disiplinci

iktidar kavramı çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir.
EXPORT SOPHISTICATION AND ITS IMPACT ON GROWTH: CASE STUDY FOR MENA COUNTRIES
Authors: ASLANOĞLU Erhan , ERDOĞAN Oral , DENİZ Pınar
Published: January 2022

This study initially calculates export sophistication of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries to

make a comparison in the region and in between OPEC and non-OPEC countries for 2004-2016 period.

Secondly, short and long run empirical analysis are applied to examine the effect of export sophistication

on GDP per capita growth controlling for several macroeconomic variables. Lastly, panel VAR is utilized

to decompose the variation in growth rate. Empirical findings suggest positive effect of sophistication on

growth rate controlling for oil prices and OPEC membership and export sophistication is observed to be

the key variable to explain the variation in growth rate out of several candidate variables.
HALKA ARZLARDA ANORMAL GETİRİYE ETKİ EDEN FAKTÖRLERİN TESPİTİ
Authors: USANMAZ Serkan , SÖYLEMEZ Arif Orçun
Published: January 2022

Şirketlerin alternatif finansman arayışının artış gösterdiği günümüzde şirket paylarının halka arzı gittikçe

daha fazla ilgi görmektedir. Söz konusu artan ilgiye paralel olarak hisse senetlerinin halka arz performansının

ölçülmesi ve halka arz sonrası hisse performansına etki eden faktörlerin tespiti literatürde önem

kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışma 2000-2015 yılları arasında Borsa İstanbul’da gerçekleşen 189 halka arzda, Borsa

İstanbul endeks getirisinin üstünde getiri elde edilmesine etki eden faktörlerin tespitini hedeflemektedir.

Söz konusu faktörlerden; halka arz yöntemlerinin, aracılık şekillerinin, halka arz zamanlamasının ve halka

arz sonrasında hisselerin işlem göreceği pazarların kısa ve orta vadede hisse performansı üzerindeki etkileri

araştırılmıştır. Kısa vadeli performans ölçümü olarak halka arz sonrası birinci ve beşinci gün anormal

getirileri ele alınırken, orta vadeli performans ölçümü halka arz sonrası birinci ay ve birinci yıl anormal

getirileri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada halka arz yönteminin, kısa veya orta vadede halka arz performansı ile

arasında ilişki bulunmadığı saptanmıştır. Aynı şekilde aracılık şekillerinin, halka arz zamanlamasının ve

halka arz sonrasında hisselerin işlem göreceği pazarların kısa ve orta vadede hisse performansında anormal

getiri üzerinde etkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür.
Myomectomy scar pregnancy ‒ a serious, but scarcely reported entity: literature review and an instructive case
Authors: Toro-Bejarano Marcela , Mora Robert , Timor-Tritsch Ilan E. , Vernon Jessica , Monteagudo Ana , D’Antonio Francesco , Duncan Karen
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Uterine myomas are a frequent finding in reproductive age women with an estimated incidence 12–25%. 1. Treatment of uterine myomas to facilitate good pregnancy rates and outcome, such as hysteroscopic, laparoscopic, abdominal resection uterine artery embolization among others were evaluated in terms of pregnancy outcome. While the literature is replete of the pregnancy complication of uterine rupture after myomectomies, 2–4 there are very few publications evaluate a relatively rare pregnancy complication associated with placental implantation within the uterine cavity at the site of the previous myomectomy, namely the myomectomy scar pregnancy (MSP). Despite their relative rarity, this type of pathologically adherent placenta rightfully belongs to the well-known entity of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).

Case presentation

We present a complicated case of MSP and review the available literature to raise attention to its clinical appearance, its prenatal diagnosis so appropriate intrapartum management can be planned.

Conclusions

Despite the rarity of MSP, continuous attention should be given at every single routinely scheduled or indication driven obstetrical US scan following myomectomies to evaluate the placental site implantation regardless of the route and technique of their initial surgical procedure.
Investigation of aerodynamic interaction between the balloon and the ducted wind turbine in airborne configuration
Authors: Noronha Naveen Prakash , Munishamaih Krishna
Published: January 2022

An aerodynamic analysis is presented in the current work, which estimates the separation distance between the balloon and the turbine in an airborne wind energy system (AWES). The stability of the structure of AWES depends on the aerodynamic interaction between the turbine and the balloon. A minimum gap must be maintained between the balloon and the wind turbine to reduce the interaction between the balloon and the turbine assembly. Three cases of AWES have been studied with a separation gap of 5 m, 10 m, and 16 m to estimate the minimum distance of separation between the balloon and the turbine. The aerodynamic interaction details suggest that a minimum distance of 13 m needs to be maintained between the turbine and the balloon to avoid the interaction between the balloon and turbine. Steady-state simulations of the rotor are run for various wind conditions to evaluate the efficiency of the duct-mounted configuration. The ducted turbine configuration saw a 7.4% increase in torque than the inducted turbine for a wind speed of 5 m s−1. A torque increase of 17.85% was observed when the separation distance was increased to 16 m from earlier 10 m.
The Distortions and Realities of the Senate’s Constitutional Purpose: Setting the Record Straight on “Senate Exceptionalism”
Authors: Wirls Daniel
Published: January 2022

Drawing on part of the argument from my recent book, The Senate: From White Supremacy to Government Gridlock (University of Virginia Press, 2021), I critique what I call “Senate exceptionalism:” the notion that the Senate is the framers’ particularly special or remarkable creation. I do so by contrasting the historical and constitutional distortions that support this institutional conceit with the realities of the founding and American political development. After reviewing the parallels between the ideas and tenets of American and Senate exceptionalism, I introduce four arguments from the book that undermine the basis of the Senate’s exceptionalism and in particular draw critical attention to the constitutional mythology surrounding and supporting the filibuster in the form of Senate Rule XXII and its three-fifths supermajority threshold for ending debate on many matters before the Senate.
Emerging Markets Interest Rates, International Reserves and Net Foreign Assets
Authors: Bitar Joseph , Boileau Martin
Published: January 2022

In the context of a managed float regime, we adopt the portfolio balance view to show the effects of the net foreign assets of an economy and its gross international reserves level on interest rate differentials. We argue that the interest rate differential can be explained by three components, where the components are the expected depreciation of the domestic currency, a default risk premium, and a portfolio balance premium. Our theoretical analysis suggests that the interest differential is a convex function of the level of gross international reserves. In particular, the differential and gross reserves are inversely related at low levels of reserves, but positively at higher levels. We evaluate our framework for the case of Lebanon. We find that the differential is inversely related to both net foreign assets and gross international reserves. These findings are then confirmed with data from Indonesia and Mexico.
Exploring modality in multimodal macrogenre: A social semiotic analysis of EFL pedagogic materials in China
Authors: Chen Yumin
Published: January 2022

Given the evolving multimodal features in educational settings, modes other than language further enable the diversity in the realization of meanings and pedagogic goals. This paper explores modality in multimodal pedagogic materials for teaching English as a foreign language in China. Drawing upon the social semiotic approach to modality in visual media, this study provides a comparative analysis of modality markers in different elemental genres that constitute the macrogenre of a teaching unit, with a focus on explaining the underlying reasons for the different choices in terms of coding orientation. It is shown that different degrees of deviation from the accepted coding orientation are employed in different constituent genres of the macrogenre of a given text.
The natural history of the Stenodermatinae Chiroderma doriae vizottoi Taddei and Lim 2010 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in a semiarid region from Brazil
Authors: Bellizzi Isabela Silva , Silva Shirley Seixas Pereira da , Guedes Patrícia Gonçalves , Almeida Juliana Cardoso de
Published: January 2022

Original data on diet, internal anatomy, morphology, reproduction, and parasites of Chiroderma doriae vizottoi from the State of Ceará (Brazil) are presented. Intact and crushed seeds of Solanum rhytidoandrum and scales of Lepidoptera were detected in the gastrointestinal tract and feces. Observation of internal organs did not reveal any abnormalities; the intestines were, on average, 11 times longer than the animal’s body length. Reproduction seems to occur in the rainy season. The association with an ectoparasite, Mastoptera sp. (Diptera, Streblidae), was recorded.
Morphological and molecular confirmation of the common pipistrelle bat, Pipistrellus pipistrellus Schreber, 1774 (Vespertilionidae: Chiroptera), in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Abduriyim Shamshidin , Kasimu Tuerxunpaxia , Lan Jing-Kai , Pu Zi-Li , Bai Jin-Long , Wang You-Cai
Published: January 2022

Species identification is pivotal in taxonomy, systematics, evolutionary biology and conservation biology. We collected bats that died of natural causes in Shihezi city, Xinjiang, China, and carried out morphological and genetic identification. Morphologically, all individuals were adults/subadults or juveniles of Pipistrellus pipistrellus. We found one haplotype for the mitochondrial gene ND1 and five for the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (Cytb) among six specimens. Phylogenetically, all the Cytb sequences grouped with P. pipistrellus. We confirm this species’ occurrence in Xinjiang, China.
Lupaş post quantum Bernstein operators over arbitrary compact intervals
Authors: Khan A. , Iliyas M. , Mansoori M.S. , Mursaleen M.
Published: January 2022

This paper deals with Lupaş post quantum Bernstein operators over arbitrary closed and bounded interval constructed with the help of Lupaş post quantum Bernstein bases. Due to the property that these bases are scale invariant and translation invariant, the derived results on arbitrary intervals are important from computational point of view. Approximation properties of Lupaş post quantum Bernstein operators on arbitrary compact intervals based on Korovkin type theorem are studied. More general situation along all possible cases have been discussed favouring convergence of sequence of Lupaş post quantum Bernstein operators to any continuous function defined on compact interval. Rate of convergence by modulus of continuity and functions of Lipschitz class are computed. Graphical analysis has been presented with the help of MATLAB to demonstrate approximation of continuous functions by Lupaş post quantum Bernstein operators on different compact intervals.
Approximation by trigonometric polynomials in the variable exponent weighted Morrey spaces
Authors: Cakir Z. , Aykol C. , Guliyev V.S. , Serbetci A.
Published: January 2022

In this paper we investigate the best approximation by trigonometric polynomials in the variable exponent weighted Morrey spaces ${\mathcal{M}}_{p(\cdot),\lambda(\cdot)}(I_{0},w)$, where $w$ is a weight function in the Muckenhoupt $A_{p(\cdot)}(I_{0})$ class. We get a characterization of $K$-functionals in terms of the modulus of smoothness in the spaces ${\mathcal{M}}_{p(\cdot),\lambda(\cdot)}(I_{0},w)$. Finally, we prove the direct and inverse theorems of approximation by trigonometric polynomials in the spaces ${\mathcal{\widetilde{M}}}_{p(\cdot),\lambda(\cdot)}(I_{0},w),$ the closure of the set of all trigonometric polynomials in ${\mathcal{M}}_{p(\cdot),\lambda(\cdot)}(I_{0},w)$.
An efficient hybrid technique for the solution of fractional-order partial differential equations
Authors: Jassim H.K. , Ahmad H. , Shamaoon A. , Cesarano C.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a hybrid technique called the homotopy analysis Sumudu transform method has been implemented solve fractional-order partial differential equations. This technique is the amalgamation of Sumudu transform method and the homotopy analysis method. Three examples are considered to validate and demonstrate the efficacy and accuracy of the present technique. It is also demonstrated that the results obtained from the suggested technique are in excellent agreement with the exact solution which shows that the proposed method is efficient, reliable and easy to implement for various related problems of science and engineering.
Convergence properties of generalized Lupaş-Kantorovich operators
Authors: Qasim M. , Khan A. , Abbas Z. , Mursaleen M.
Published: January 2022

In the present paper, we consider the Kantorovich modification of generalized Lupaş operators, whose construction depends on a continuously differentiable, increasing and unbounded function $\rho$. For these new operators we give weighted approximation, Voronovskaya type theorem, quantitative estimates for the local approximation.
Approximation of classes of periodic functions of several variables with given majorant of mixed moduli of continuity
Authors: Fedunyk-Yaremchuk O.V. , Hembars'ka S.B.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we continue the study of approximation characteristics of the classes $B^{\Omega}_{p,\theta}$ of periodic functions of several variables whose majorant of the mixed moduli of continuity contains both exponential and logarithmic multipliers. We obtain the exact-order estimates of the orthoprojective widths of the classes $B^{\Omega}_{p,\theta}$ in the space $L_{q},$ $1\leq p<q<\infty,$ and also establish the exact-order estimates of approximation for these classes of functions in the space $L_{q}$ by using linear operators satisfying certain conditions.
Approximation characteristics of the isotropic Nikol'skii-Besov functional classes
Authors: Yanchenko S.Ya. , Radchenko O.Ya.
Published: January 2022

In the paper, we investigates the isotropic Nikol'skii-Besov classes $B^r_{p,\theta}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ of non-periodic functions of several variables, which for $d = 1$ are identical to the classes of functions with a dominant mixed smoothness $S^{r}_{p,\theta}B(\mathbb{R})$. We establish the exact-order estimates for the approximation of functions from these classes $B^r_{p,\theta}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ in the metric of the Lebesgue space $L_q(\mathbb{R}^d)$, by entire functions of exponential type with some restrictions for their spectrum in the case $1 \leqslant p \leqslant q \leqslant \infty$, $(p,q)\neq \{(1,1), (\infty, \infty)\}$, $d\geq 1$. In the case $2<p=q<\infty$, $d=1$, the established estimate is also new for the classes $S^{r}_{p,\theta}B(\mathbb{R})$.
Revisiting Cu-based shape memory alloys: Recent developments and new perspectives
Authors: Mazzer E. M. , da Silva M. R. , Gargarella P.
Published: January 2022

Cu-based shape memory alloys belong to one important class of functional alloys, presenting shape memory effect and superelasticity due to their reversible martensitic transformation. Although they have been extensively studied since the middle of the last century, there are still many challenges to be solved. In the last decades, these alloys were extensively studied regarding new compositions, processing routes, phase transformation, mechanical and functional properties. Aspects of the thermoelastic phase transformation have been described using thermodynamic and thermo-mechanical studies, while the role of metallurgical features (such as grain size and morphology, ordering, precipitates and second phases) have been described mainly by phenomenological approach. In this sense this review discusses the advances in the general fundamentals of Cu-based shape memory alloys, the recent developments in processing routes, compositions, and applications in the last years.

Graphical abstract
Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) dan Ampas Tebu (Sugarcane bagasse) sebagai Adsorben pada Pemurnian Minyak Jelantah
Authors: Haili Hulqi Mila , Sulistiyana Sulistiyana , Jayadi Edi M.
Published: January 2022

Minyak jelantah merupakan minyak yang sudah mengalami kerusakan akibat digunakan secara berulang kali dan tidak baik untuk kesehatan apabila dikonsumsi, oleh karena itu diperlukan pemurnian menggunakan adsorben. Adsorben yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah serbuk kulit bawang merah dan ampas tebu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pengaruh variasi perbandingan massa adsorben ampas tebu (At) dan kulit bawang merah (Kbm) terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia minyak jelantah yang telah dimurnikan. Adsorben ampas tebu dan kulit bawang merah dikeringkan terlebih dahulu kemudian diayak dengan ukuran 100 mesh, setelah itu dilanjutkan dengan proses adsorpsi yang diawali dengan memanaskan sampel minyak jelantah 100 g sampai dengan suhu 700C, kemudian menambahkan 10 g adsorben dengan variasi perbandingan massa At:Kbm= 0:10; 2,5:7,5; 5:5; 7,5:2,5; 10:0  yang diaduk konstan dengan magnetik stirer selama 30 menit. Filtrasi dan analisa warna, bau, bilangan peroksida dan bilangan asam dilakukan pada minyak yang telah diadsorpsi. Hasil terbaik berdasarkan SNI minyak goreng 3741:2013 untuk uji warna (normal), bilangan asam (maksimal 0,6 mg NaOH/g) dan bilangan peroksida (maksimal 10 mek O2/kg) terdapat pada perbandingan massa At:Kbm= 0:10 dengan hasil warna normal seperti minyak goreng baru, bilangan asam sebesar 0,4820 mg NaOH/g dan bilangan peroksidanya adalah 0,00 mek O2/kg. Uji bau (normal) dengan hasil terbaik terdapat pada perbandingan massa At:Kbm= 7,5:2,5 dengan bau normal seperti minyak goreng  baru.
Hidrogenasi 2-Etil Heksenal Berkatalis Nikel: Pengaruh Penambahan Logam Cu dan K Terhadap Aktivitas Katalis dengan Studi Statistik
Authors: Aditya Rizky
Published: January 2022

2-Etil Heksanol adalah salah satu bahan baku untuk pembuatan Dioctilphtalat (DOP) dan 1,2,4-Trioctltrimelitat (TOTM), yang biasa digunakan untuk membuat Plasticizer pada industri Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Proses produksi 2-Etil Heksanol secara komersial saat ini menggunakan proses Oxo dengan bahan baku propilen dan gas sintesis (syngas) melalui pembentukan 2-Etil Heksenal sebagai senyawa antara. 2-Etil Heksenal kemudian dihidrogenasi menjadi 2-Etil Heksanol. Katalis komersial yang digunakan untuk proses hidrogenasi ini pada umumnya berbasis logam Nikel (Ni) karena logam tersebut dapat melangsungkan reaksi hidrogenasi secara selektif terhadap produksi 2-Etil Heksanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat katalis proses hidrogenasi 2-Etil Heksenal menjadi 2-Etil Heksanol berbasis logam Nikel dengan penambahan logam Cu dan K yang diembankan ke dalam penyangga alumina fosfat (AlP3) untuk meningkatkan aktivitas katalis (konversi, selektivitas) sehingga performanya dapat bersaing dengan katalis impor. Variasi yang digunakan dalam sintesis katalis meliputi variasi komposisi logam Ni (10% wt dan 20% wt), logam Cu (5% wt dan 10% wt), dan logam K (0,1% wt dan 0,5% wt). Katalis disintesis dengan menggunakan metode impregnasi kering dan dilakukan karakterisasi dengan metode BET (Brunaure, Emmett, dan Teller). Dari uji aktivitas kemudian dilakukan studi statistik mengenai pengaruh penambahan logam Cu dan K sebagai promotor katalis hidrogenasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh logam Cu dan K sangat signifikan terhadap aktivitas katalis hidrogenasi terutama dalam peningkatan selektivitas ke arah produk 2-Etil Heksanol. Dari studi statistik, didapatkan komposisi terbaik untuk katalis hidrogenasi berbasis Ni dengan promotor Cu dan K ini adalah Ni 20% wt, Cu 2,97% wt, dan K 0,9% wt untuk mendapatkan aktivitas katalis paling baik yaitu konversi 99,99% dan selektivitas 99,77%.
Simulasi Penambatan Molekuler Senyawa Kompleks Besi Terhadap Protein Hemofor sebagai Kandidat Fotosensitizer pada Terapi Fotodinamika
Authors: Fakih Taufik Muhammad , Arumsari Anggi , Dewi Mentari Luthfika , Hazar Nurfadillah , Syarza Tanisa Maghfira
Published: January 2022

Resistensi antibiotika muncul sebagai polemik yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan manusia. Kemajuan teknologi membuka peluang dalam penemuan molekul senyawa baru yang mampu mencegah perkembangan mikroba patogen, seperti Pseudomonas aeruginosa yang resisten terhadap beberapa jenis antibiotika. Terapi fotodinamika dengan memanfaatkan penggunaan fotosensitizer yang berasal dari senyawa yang membentuk kompleks dengan besi merupakan salah satu pendekatan alternatif untuk mengatasi penyakit infeksi dengan risiko resistensi mikroba yang lebih rendah. Penelitian yang dilakukan secara in silico ini bertujuan untuk mengamati, mengeksplorasi, dan mengevaluasi mekanisme aksi berbasis struktural dari molekul senyawa yang membentuk kompleks dengan besi, yaitu besi-ftalosianina dan besi-salofen terhadap protein hemofor HasAp serta pengaruh molekularnya terhadap bagian situs aktif pengikatan dari protein hemofor HasR. Identifikasi interaksi molekuler dan afinitas antara molekul senyawa besi-ftalosianina dan besi-salofen terhadap protein hemofor HasAp dilakukan dengan simulasi ligan-protein docking mempergunakan software MGLTools 1.5.6 yang dilengkapi dengan AutoDock 4.2. Di samping itu, dilakukan juga simulasi protein-protein docking terhadap sistem kompleks ligan-protein untuk memastikan pengaruh molekularnya terhadap bagian situs aktif pengikatan dari protein hemofor HasR dengan mempergunakan software PatchDock. Berdasarkan simulasi ligan-protein docking diperoleh hasil bahwa senyawa besi-ftalosianina memiliki afinitas paling baik terhadap kedua protein hemofor HasAp, dengan nilai energi bebas pengikatan masing-masing sebesar −68,45 kJ/mol dan −65,23 kJ/mol. Menariknya, hasil simulasi protein-protein docking antara kompleks molekul senyawa besi-ftalosianina dan protein hemofor HasAp-besi-ftalosianina terhadap protein hemofor HasR memiliki nilai energi kontak atom yang positif sebesar 556,56 kJ/mol. Dari penelitian ini dapat diprediksikan bahwa perbedaan struktur molekul senyawa yang membentuk kompleks dengan besi mampu mempengaruhi mekanisme aksi berbasis structural terhadap protein hemofor target.
Uji Aktivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih MeraH (Piper Crocatum L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Abiyoga Ilham , Mukaromah Ana Hidayati , Dewi Sri Sinto
Published: January 2022

Aspergillus flavus adalah jenis jamur multiseluler yang menghasilkan mikotoksin yang berbahaya bagi manusia dan menyebabkan penyakit Aspergillosis, jamur ini dapat mengkontaminasi bahan pangan dan hasil panen. Penggunaan pestisida kimia sintetis masih digunakan oleh petani sebagai desinfektan untuk hasil panen, Pestisida kimia sintetis dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan seperti keracunan dan gangguan sistem pernafasan bagi petani dan masyarakat. Perlu adanya alternatif untuk meminimalisir penggunaan pestisida kimia sintetis yaitu dengan menggunakan pestisida nabati dengan menggunakan bahan herbal. Salah satu bahan herbal yang dapat digunakan adalah daun sirih merah. Daun sirih merah mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, saponin, triterpenoid, dan tanin yang diperoleh melalui pengekstrakan dengan metode maserasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode difusi (sumuran) dan metode dilusi (konsentrasi hambat minimum dan konsentrasi bunuh minimum). Hasil pengujian metode difusi menunjukan rata-rata diameter zona hambat pertumbuhan jamur Aspergillus flavus pada berbagai konsentrasi yaitu 40, 50, 60, dan 70% b/v adalah 20,62 mm, 23,04 mm, 25,12 mm, dan 27,96 mm. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak daun sirih merah mampu membunuh dan menghambat pertumbuhan Aspergillus flavus.
Racism: A Part of History That Has Never Been Lost
Authors: Kusumadewi Farras Kartika , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: January 2022

There have been many cases of racism in its history that have occurred from ancient times to the present. Many factors cause racial conflicts. Factors that often trigger these actions, among others, are due to injustice, oppression, and racial discrimination by certain groups against other groups. In America itself, the era of slavery was a dark period in American history. This article aims to find out the impact and solutions to the problem of racism in general. How to find out the impact and solution to the problem of racism is to examine some of the cases that have occurred recently. The method used in this research is qualitative-descriptive with a literature review method to analyze data with 20 sources from books, journal articles, theses and websites. The findings of this study reveal that cases of racism still occur today, for example, last year because of the COVID-19 problem that initially occurred in Wuhan, China, Asian people received hatred from citizens and Western media. There are many factors that cause racial conflict, and the triggers vary in each country that experiences it, among others, because of injustice, oppression, and racial discrimination by certain groups against other groups. Through cases of racism that have occurred, one thing that according to the researcher can be concluded is how before the conflict between groups occurred, actually it started from problems that occurred between individuals. Tolerance is the main thing to stem this kind of thing.
Pemikiran Politik K.H. Moenawar Chalil (1908-1961)
Authors: Aqimuddin Jafar Tahmid , Fajriudin Fajriudin , Marliana Dina
Published: January 2022

K.H. Moenawar Chalil is an important figure who is almost forgotten in Indonesian history. He is one of the Indonesian scholars who existed in his time. He has several famous works that he has written since becoming a member of the Sarekat Islam in 1925 at the age of 17 years. Some of his works have been published in articles, newspapers, and the biggest one is in a book that is until now widely known, The Complete Date of the Prophet Muhammad. It turned out that he not only published books on the history of the Prophet Muhammad, but other books such as religious themes, and also politics. This research aims to reconstruct the political thought of K.H. Meonawar Chalil in Indonesia which is contained in his work, both from articles, newspapers and books. The study used four stages, namely Heuritics, Criticism, Interpretation and Historiography.