bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PARENTS BECOME THE BASIS OF BUILDING CHILD INDEPENDENCE
Authors: Muhammad Syafiqi Ramananda  , Shokhibul Wajhil Munir
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the parenting style of parents in building children's independence, because the role of parents is very important in building independence in children. Education in early childhood is an effort to stimulate, guide and provide learning aimed at developing skills in children. Parents as caregivers of children must have an understanding of their child's development. The development of children's intelligence at an early age develops optimally at the age of 4 years. Along with these developments, children will actively move, imitate units, or say something to interact with those around them. Therefore, the development of a child is influenced by the treatment of parents and families towards him.
Studi Pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun Terkait Mekanisme Penetapan Harga Pada Pasar Sentral Soppeng
Authors: Bisyriani Andi
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Market transactions work based on the price mechanism. However, overall. The effect of the ups and downs of supply on prices depends on the availability of goods. Prices of goods in the Soppeng central market often change or are unstable, sometimes rising and sometimes falling, these changes are not based on demand or supply factors but depend on situation and condition factors. This research was conducted to find out how Ibn Khaldun's thoughts regarding the price mechanism were realized or not in the Soppeng central market.

The type of research used in this study was a qualitative descriptive method. The data in this study were obtained from primary data and secondary data. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation, while the technique used to determine informants was purposive sampling. The data is using description and comparison techniques.

The results of this study indicate that: 1). The price mechanism in Ibn Khaldun's thought is influenced by supply and demand, labor value, purchasing power, and the government. 2). In setting prices, traders in the Soppeng central market are based on the quantity of goods demanded by consumers, the price of the goods themselves, transportation costs, the quantity of goods available, prices set by other traders, and according to the ability of the buyer. 3). Ibn Khaldun's thoughts regarding the price mechanism are appropriate or realized in the Soppeng central marke

 

 

Keywords: Price Mechanism, Ibn Khaldun's Thought.
Dampak Pemasaran Digital bagi UMKM Pondok Etam
Authors: Satriadi Satriadi  , Cecilia Yeo  , Fitri Handayani  , Ratna Sari  , Wulandari Wulandari
Published: March 2023

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises or MSMEs are businesses formed by a group of people or individuals independently. Digital marketing is a strategy or marketing activity such as product promotion carried out through digital media. Marketing strategies through digital marketing are needed so that MSMEs can compete and reach more consumers. Pondok Etam is an MSME engaged in the culinary field that sells various kinds of food products that are focused on the target market for teenagers to adults. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of digital marketing for MSME Pondok Etam.  The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques were carried out by in-depth interviews. The result of this study is that digital marketing has a positive impact on the MSME of Pondok Etam, because there is an increase in brand awareness and a significant increase in sales
STRATEGI PEMASARAN UMKM LEDYS CAKE PADA ERA DIGITAL DI KOTA TANJUNGPINANG
Authors: Ledysta Faradila Putri  , Salsabila Salsabila  , Yusrillah Yusrillah  , Muhammad Firmansyah
Published: March 2023

Technological developments and increasingly high business competition make MSME actors must have a good marketing strategy to be able to compete with their competitors. This research was conducted to determine the marketing strategy carried out by Ledys Cake SMEs in facing competition in the digital era. The research method in this study uses a qualitative approach through structured interviews with business actors. The results of the study show that MSMEs provide added value and differentiation to the products and services provided, while in terms of price, they apply competitive prices. The application of technology is more widely used in culinary businesses through websites and social media to establish good relationships and communicate with consumers. The researcher concludes that there are several discussions, namely Strategy, Constraints and Solutions. The strategy carried out by MSMEs is that there is a 4P (Product, Promotion, Price, Place) mix. Product strategy in the form of innovation, promotion strategy in the form of price discounts, price strategy for every purchase of cake will get a bonus, and place strategy in the form of flexibility in sending cake orders, so as to maintain and improve the quality of the taste of the cake. Although there are financial constraints and product raw materials, we can still find solutions and alternatives, namely by managing finances and using raw materials efficiently. Then, MSME solutions by maintaining cash flow, product innovation, maximizing social media and delivery services
ANALISIS PENGARUH STRES KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI SEBELUM DAN SEMASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI BPJS KESEHATAN KANTOR CABANG PEKANBARU
Authors: Sakinah Sakinah  , Raden Lestari Ganarsih  , Kurniawaty Fitri
Published: March 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan stres kerja sebelum dan semasa pandemi, untuk mengetahui pengaruh stres kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai dan untuk mengetahui kinerja pegawai sebelum dan semasa pandemi. Populasi dan Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu seluruh pegawai BPJS Kesehatan Kantor Cabang Pekanbaru yang berjumlah 54 orang. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis kuantitatif yaitu analisis regresi linear sederhana dan uji beda dengan menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Variabel stres kerja sebelum dan semasa pandemi berbeda di BPJS Kesehatan Kantor Cabang Pekanbaru, Stres kerja berpengaruh signifikan dan negatif terhadap kinerja pegawai di BPJS Kesehtana Kantor Cabang Pekanbaru dan Kinerja pegawai sebelum dan semasa pandemi berbeda di BPJS Kesehtana Kantor Cabang Pekanbaru.
Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Alat Musik Di Toko Nafiri Musik Kecamatan Makale Utara
Authors: Dwibin Kannapadang  , Charis Poligus Ra’ba  , Dian Intan Tangkeallo
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi pengembangan usaha alat musik di Toko Nafiri Musik di Kecamatan Makale Utara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan melalui pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis SWOT. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder , teknik pengumpulan data dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara, dan studi perpustakaan. Data yang di peroleh dari hasil pengumpulan data kemudian di analisis menggunakan analisis SWOT untuk mengetahui apa saja yang menjadi kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman bagi toko Nafiri Musik di Makale Utara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa matriks IFAS memperoleh total skor untuk kekuatan (strenght) dan kelemahan (weakness) sebesar 2,93, karena total skor diatas 2,93 berarti ini mengindikasikan posisi internal pada perusahaan begitu kuat. Matriks EFAS memperoleh total skor untuk peluang (opportunities) dan ancaman (threats) sebesar 3,03 karena total skor mendekati 4,0 berarti ini mengindikasikan bahwa toko Nafiri Musik merespon peluang yang ada dengan cara yang luar biasa dan menghindari ancaman-ancaman di pasar. Adapun hasil matrik SWOT menunjukkan ada sepuluh strategi pengembangan usaha alat musik yang digunakan adalah dengan mempertahankan kualitas produk, mempertahankan kualitas pelayanan kepada konsumen, menjaga kepercayaan pelanggan, menambah karyawan di toko nafiri musik, memperluas ruangan atau bangunan  di toko nafiri musik, memperbanyak stok alat musik, membuat promo harga atau diskon untuk menarik konsumen untuk membeli barang tersebut, meningkatkan strategi pemasaran melalui sosial media dengan mengikuti kemajuan teknologi., meningkatkan sistem pelayanan yang lebih baik, sehingga konsumen merasa nyaman untuk berbelanja, menciptakan peluang kerja bagi masyarakat.
Keunikan Ragam Bahasa Tarian Caci Manggarai
Authors: Kapra Ade Hendri Yusta
Published: March 2023

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keunikan suatu kebudayaan di Flores Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) tepatnya di Manggarai. Masyarakat Manggarai memiliki ciri khas budaya yaitu tarian caci yang merupakan tarian adat asli Manggarai yang berkeunikan mulai dari gerak tari, properti, kostum hingga maknanya. Penelitian pada artikel ini menggunakan prosedur penelitian kualitatif sebagaimana kualitatif mengacu keteknik pengumpulan data berupa cerita, gambar, tulisan wawancara, cerita tanpa mengandung angka dan nilai yang bersifat matematik dan statistik.Tarian caci adalah tarian yang mempertunjukan uji ketangkasan dan keperkasaan antar laki laki dimana pada tarian ini harus berkebranian kuat dan berfisik kuat dalam arti mampu menahan gerakan tangkisan dari lawan tari.Caci dapat mengambarkan bahwa masyarakat Manggarai merupakan masyarakat yang berjiwa sosial tinggi dimana caci mempertunjukan sebagai rasa hormat terhadap sesama, alam serta sang pencipta semesta (Tuhan). Caci adalah tarian adat sebagai citra diri masyarakat manggarai yaitu Manggarai Tengah, Manggarai Barat dan Manggarai Timur dikatakan demikian karena tidak ada penelitian bahwa caci dimiliki oleh budaya lain melainkan caci hanya berada di tanah Manggarai. Kejantanan dan keberanian seorang laki laki dapat dilihat pada caci dengan sebagaimana apakah kuat menghadapi dalam uji ketangkasan caci. Gerakan uji ketangkasan caci bukan sekedar pukulaan biasa melainkan memukul dengan penuh kekuatan (Mberes) sambil melontarkan suara kejantanannya.
The involvement of stakeholders in the decarbonization process in the coal region of Northern Hungary
Authors: Bujdosó Zoltán , Bordás Anikó , Hegyi Balázs , Piskóti-Kovács Zsuzsa , Vaszkó Csaba , Nagy Richárd , Kovács Gyöngyi
Published: March 2023

This article deals with the analysis of Hungary’s still-existing coal region (Northern Hungary), including the future of coal mining and energy production. Within the interpretive tradition of social research, we approached the problem and explored the role and significance of the Mátra Power Plant in the country and the coal region. The results show that there has been widespread involvement in the field of coal removal, Just Transition and that it is important for decision-makers and energy policy stakeholders in the country and the region to have a say. It also helps to shape discourses and bring out alternative views.
Seroma prevention with topical Abnobaviscum sclerotherapy following excision of giant cervical lipoma
Authors: Choi Jun Ho , Choi Seung Yeon , Hwang Jae Ha , Kim Kwang Seog , Lee Sam Yong
Published: March 2023

Background: Lipomas are common benign tumors of mesenchymal origin that are composed of mature adipocytes. Giant lipomas have a diameter ≥ 10 cm in one or more dimensions or weigh at least 1,000 g. The surgical excision of a giant lipoma requires extensive dissection, increasing the risk of a seroma, which can cause surgical site complications such as wound infection and necrosis. Sclerotherapy with Abnobaviscum (Viscum album extract) is a relatively new technique used to reduce malignant pleural effusion. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of prophylactic sclerotherapy using Abnobaviscum to decrease seroma after giant lipoma excision.Methods: We conducted a retrospective medical record review of patients who underwent surgical excision for giant lipoma of the neck from January 2019 to December 2022. Sclerotherapy was performed on the first postoperative day in patients who consented to the procedure, and Abnobaviscum was instilled through the existing Hemovac drain. We compared the clinical course between those who underwent postoperative sclerotherapy and those who did not.Results: Among the 30 patients who underwent giant lipoma excision, we applied sclerotherapy with Abnobaviscum to 15 patients. The average time from surgery to Hemovac removal was statistically shorter in patients who underwent sclerotherapy (p= 0.004). Furthermore, seroma formation was significantly reduced in patients receiving sclerotherapy (p= 0.003).Conclusion: In patients undergoing giant lipoma excision, sclerotherapy using Abnobaviscum helps reduce postoperative seroma formation during the initial postoperative period. It can be an excellent method to reduce complications related to seroma and attenuate patients’ postoperative burden.Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; POD, postoperative day
Frontal peripheral osteomas: a retrospective study
Authors: Kim Geon Hwi , Yoon Young Soo , Kim Eun Kyung , Min Kyung Hee
Published: March 2023

Background: Osteomas are benign, slow-growing bone tumors that can be classified as central, peripheral, or extraskeletal. Central osteomas arise from the endosteum, peripheral osteomas from the periosteum, and extraskeletal osteomas within the muscle. Frontal peripheral osteomas are mainly encountered in plastic surgery. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with frontal peripheral osteomas.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who visited our hospital with frontal peripheral osteomas between January 2014 and June 2022. We analyzed the following variables: age, sex, tumor type (sessile or pedunculated), single or multiple, size, history of head trauma, operation, and recurrence.Results: A total of 39 patients and 41 osteomas were analyzed, of which 29 osteomas (71%) were sessile and 12 osteomas (29%) were pedunculated. The size of the osteomas ranged from 4 to 30 mm, with an average size of 10 mm. The age of patients ranged from 4 to 78 years with a mean age of 52 years. There were seven men (18%) and 32 women (82%), and the man-to-woman ratio was 1:4.6. Two patients (5%) had multiple masses, with two osteomas in each, while only two patients (5%) had a history of head trauma. Twenty-nine patients (74%) underwent ostectomy by a direct approach, and none of the patients experienced recurrence.Conclusion: The epidemiologic data of our study will help plastic surgeons encounter frontal peripheral osteomas in the field to provide proper management for their patients.
Residual foreign body inflammation caused by a lumber beam penetrating the facial region: a case report
Authors: Choi Jun Ho , Oh Sang Seong , Hwang Jae Ha , Kim Kwang Seog , Lee Sam Yong
Published: March 2023

Penetrating wounds to the face are cosmetically devastating and can be life-threatening. If the foreign body causing the penetrating wound is a piece of wood, small remnants might be left behind after the initial treatment. A 33-year-old male patient presented to the emergency center after a piece of lumber pierced his face as a passenger in a traffic accident. The patient’s vital signs were stable, and emergency surgery was performed to remove the foreign body and repair the soft tissue. No noteworthy complications were seen after open reduction and internal fixation of the facial bone fractures. Seven months after the accident, the patient underwent scar revision along with full-thickness skin grafting for post-traumatic scars. After the surgery, pus-like discharge which was not previously present was observed, and the graft did not take well. A residual foreign body, which was the cause of graft failure, was found on computed tomography and the remaining foreign body was removed through revision surgery. The patient is receiving outpatient follow-up without any complications 6 months after surgery. This case demonstrates the importance of performing a careful evaluation to avoid missing a residual foreign body, especially if it is of wooden nature.
L’expérience de recrutement des enseignantes formées et enseignants formés à l’étranger pour les écoles francophones en milieu minoritaire au Canada
Authors: Robichaud Xavier , Hébert Shayna-Eve
Published: March 2023

En 2014, la province du Nouveau-Brunswick s’est dotée d’un plan d’action pour favoriser l’immigration, ce qui a eu pour conséquence une augmentation d’élèves dans le système scolaire francophone. Or ces élèves peuvent vivre des défis identitaires et scolaires, et les personnes enseignantes formées à l’étranger joueraient un rôle auprès d’eux en tant que personnes médiatrices culturelles. Pourtant, la présence et l’expérience de recrutement des personnes enseignantes formées à l’étranger dans le système scolaire francophone du Nouveau-Brunswick restent peu documentées. Notre étude cherche à comprendre l’expérience de recrutement de six de ces personnes qui ont choisi d’enseigner au Nouveau-Brunswick. Nous voulons identifier les incitations et les défis rencontrés dans leur embauche, et les pratiques en matière de recrutement qui, selon elles, appuient leur insertion professionnelle.
European Skills Panorama. Building an Ecosystem for the 21st Century Skills Education in STEM
Authors: Līce Anita , Lapiņa Inga , Kamola Līga , Gaile-Sarkane Elīna
Published: March 2023

The 21st century skills are extremely important in the labour market and STEM graduates’ skills are highly valued. The employers particularly highly value the self-management, social, emotional, attitudinal and cognitive skills. Employers from 29 countries participated in assessing the key employability skills of STEM graduates as needed in the 21st century labour market. It is essential to identify the skills demanded in labour market and consider them in the higher education development strategies to ensure the highest possible labour market outcomes for higher education graduates.
Los marcadores de desacuerdo en el español coloquial
Authors: Urbaniak Ewa
Published: March 2023

El presente artículo se propone presentar y describir los marcadores conversacionales que acompañan al acto de desacuerdo en el español coloquial. Tras realizar un breve recorrido por distintas definiciones del acto de desacuerdo, proponemos una descripción y tipología propias basadas en el análisis de los corpus del español coloquial. El reconocimiento de las características del acto en cuestión nos facilita el estudio de los marcadores de desacuerdo, esto es, las expresiones que introducen, intensifican o atenúan las intervenciones que muestran discrepancias entre los interlocutores. El propósito del trabajo consiste en demostrar los usos, el funcionamiento y las particularidades de los marcadores encontrados al examinar las transcripciones de los corpus orales del español.
Análisis de los recursos lingüísticos de persuasión en las campañas sociales de España y Polonia
Authors: Plewko Monika
Published: March 2023

Tanto la publicidad comercial como la social constituyen el objeto de estudio de psicólogos, sociólogos y lingüistas. Sin embargo, estos tipos de publicidad varían en sus objetivos: aunque ambos utilizan la persuasión en pos de la recepción positiva del comunicado, los anuncios comerciales sirven para promocionar un producto, mientras que los anuncios sociales se centran en transmitir unas ideas específicas a la sociedad. De ahí surgen las siguientes preguntas: ¿con qué frecuencia aparecen los recursos lingüísticos de persuasión en la publicidad social? ¿cuáles son los más comunes? ¿las herramientas varían según el idioma o según el tema? El presente trabajo analiza de forma contrastiva las campañas sociales polacas y españolas, así como los recursos lingüísticos de persuasión en las campañas sobre ecología, violencia de género, uso de drogas y alcohol, y salud. En nuestra investigación deseamos presentar qué recursos establecen el carácter persuasivo de las campañas y cómo varía su uso en estas dos lenguas.
Forecasting Travel in Urban America
Authors: Chatzis Konstantinos
Published: March 2023

A history of urban travel demand modeling (UTDM) and its enormous influence on American life from the 1920s to the present.

For better and worse, the automobile has been an integral part of the American way of life for decades. Its ascendance would have been far less spectacular, however, had engineers and planners not devised urban travel demand modeling (UTDM). This book tells the story of this irreplaceable engineering tool that has helped cities accommodate continuous rise in traffic from the 1950s on. Beginning with UTDM's origins as a method to help plan new infrastructure, Konstantinos Chatzis follows its trajectory through new generations of models that helped make optimal use of existing capacity and examines related policy instruments, including the recent use of intelligent transportation systems.

Chatzis investigates these models as evolving entities involving humans and nonhumans that were shaped through a specific production process. In surveying the various generations of UTDM, he delves into various means of production (from tabulating machines to software packages) and travel survey methods (from personal interviews to GPS tracking devices and smartphones) used to obtain critical information. He also looks at the individuals who have collectively built a distinct UTDM social world by displaying specialized knowledge, developing specific skills, and performing various tasks and functions, and by communicating, interacting, and even competing with one another.

Original and refreshingly accessible, Forecasting Travel in Urban America offers the first detailed history behind the thinkers and processes that impact the lives of millions of city dwellers every day.
Picture Research
Authors: Vestberg Nina Lager
Published: March 2023

An intimate foray into the invisible work that made it possible for pictures to circulate in print and online from the 1830s to the 2010s.

Picture Research focuses on how pictures were saved, stored, and searched for in a time before scanners, servers, and search engines, and describes the dramatic difference it made when images became scannable, searchable, and distributable via the internet. While the camera, the darkroom, and the printed page are well-known sites of photographic production that have been replaced by cell phones, imaging software, and websites, the cultural intermediaries of mass-circulation photography—picture librarians and researchers, editors, and archivists—are less familiar. In this book, Nina Lager Vestberg artfully details the range of research skills, reproduction machinery, and communication infrastructures that was needed to make pictures available to a public before digitization.Drawing on documents and representations across a range of cultural expressions, Picture Research reveals the intermediation that has been performed by skilled workers in a variety of roles, making use of pre-photographic, photographic, and digital machineries of capture, accumulation, extraction, and transmission. Tracing a history of the modern pictorial economy from the pre-photographic 1830s to the post-digitized 2010s, it makes visible and explicit the invisible labor that has built—and still sustains—the visual commodity culture of everyday life.
The Age of Prediction
Authors: Tulchinsky Igor , Mason Christopher E.
Published: March 2023

The power of the ever-increasing tools and algorithms for prediction and their paradoxical effects on risk.

The Age of Prediction is about two powerful, and symbiotic, trends: the rapid development and use of artificial intelligence and big data to enhance prediction, as well as the often paradoxical effects of these better predictions on our understanding of risk and the ways we live. Beginning with dramatic advances in quantitative investing and precision medicine, this book explores how predictive technology is quietly reshaping our world in fundamental ways, from crime fighting and warfare to monitoring individual health and elections.

As prediction grows more robust, it also alters the nature of the accompanying risk, setting up unintended and unexpected consequences. The Age of Prediction details how predictive certainties can bring about complacency or even an increase in risks—genomic analysis might lead to unhealthier lifestyles or a GPS might encourage less attentive driving. With greater predictability also comes a degree of mystery, and the authors ask how narrower risks might affect markets, insurance, or risk tolerance generally. Can we ever reduce risk to zero? Should we even try? This book lays an intriguing groundwork for answering these fundamental questions and maps out the latest tools and technologies that power these projections into the future, sometimes using novel, cross-disciplinary tools to map out cancer growth, people's medical risks, and stock dynamics.
Sensory input-dependent gain modulation of the optokinetic nystagmus by mid-infrared stimulation in pigeons
Authors: Xiao Tong , Wu Kaijie , Wang Peiliang , Ding Yali , Yang Xiao , Chang Chao , Yang Yan
Published: March 2023

Neuromodulation serves as a cornerstone for brain sciences and clinical applications. Recent reports suggest that mid-infrared stimulation (MIRS) causes non-thermal modulation of brain functions. Current understanding of its mechanism hampers the routine application of MIRS. Here, we examine how MIRS influences the sensorimotor transformation in awaking-behaving pigeons, from neuronal signals to behavior. We applied MIRS and electrical stimulation (ES) to the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (nLM), an essential retinorecipient structure in the pretectum, and examined their influences on the optokinetic nystagmus, a visually guided eye movement. We found MIRS altered eye movements by modulating a specific gain depending on the strength of visual inputs, in a manner different than the effect of ES. Simultaneous extracellular recordings and stimulation showed that MIRS could either excite and inhibit the neuronal activity in the same pretectal neuron depending on its ongoing sensory responsiveness levels in awake-behaving animals. Computational simulations suggest that MIRS modulates the resonance of a carbonyl group of the potassium channel, critical to the action potential generation, altering neuronal responses to sensory inputs and as a consequence, guiding behavior. Our findings suggest that MIRS could be a promising approach toward modulating neuronal functions for brain research and treating neurological diseases.
Design of a High Precision RC Oscillator
Authors: Wang Fengbo , Xin Xiaoqiang , Gou Bo
Published: March 2023

This paper introduces a high-precision RC oscillator circuit that is less affected by temperature and supply voltage. The circuit mainly consists of a bandgap reference voltage source, a low-voltage linear regulator, a low-pass filter, and a digital trim circuit, which reduces the circuit's sensitivity to temperature variations and achieves high stability of the oscillator frequency over a wide temperature range. Because of the current digital trimming technique, the circuit's ability to cope with the effects of frequency instability caused by process deviations is further enhanced.The simulation results show that the output center frequency accuracy is maintained within ±0.5% under the supply voltage range of 2.5V~5.5V, temperature range of -40?~125?, and different process corners. The RC oscillator has a high precision output frequency and can be used as a clock signal for a number of highly integrated and high precision applications.
A Study on the Reform of Maritime English Teaching in Higher Vocational Colleges from the Perspective of Linguistics
Authors: Wang Li
Published: March 2023

The important goal of college English teaching is to enrich students' language knowledge and cultural knowledge of English-speaking countries, and to carry out multi-angle intercultural communication activities such as listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation. College English teaching has interdisciplinary characteristics, which cannot be without the support of multiple disciplines. More importantly, college English is an integral part of the language system. In the actual teaching process, it is necessary to rely on linguistic theory, explore and build a professional curriculum teaching model based on the mixed teaching concept, highlight the practicality and pertinence of maritime English teaching in higher vocational colleges, and closely combine English teaching with professional learning, Pay attention to cultivating learners' ability to make English learning more practical.
Effects of Intravenous Ketamine, Butorphanol and Fentanyl for the Management of Intraoperative Shivering under Spinal Anaesthesia- A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Dash Pradeep Kumar , Pattnaik Ayesha , Routray Sidharth Sraban , Das Mousumi
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Neuraxial block can cause intraoperative shivering. Though, so many drugs have been studied for treatment of shivering, none has been found ideal. N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) antagonist like ketamine, k-opioid receptor agonist butorphanol and µ receptors agonist fentanyl have shown antishivering effect but each one has its own demerits. Aim: To examine the efficacy of ketamine, butorphanol, and fentanyl in suppressing shivering under spinal anaesthesia in elective lower abdomen and lower limb surgery. Materials and Methods: The double-blind, randomised trial was conducted between June 2011 to September 2013. A total of 90 patients, posted for surgery under spinal anaesthesia, were randomly allocated into three groups of 30 each. After giving spinal anaesthesia, patients who developed shivering (grade 3 or more), lasting for more than 3 minutes, the study drugs were administered. Patients in Group I received ketamine (0.5 mg/ kg), Group II received butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg) and Group III received fentanyl (1 µg/kg), intravenously. Time taken to control shivering, sedation and any side-effects nausea and vomiting were assessed. The dose was given over 60 seconds and the time duration for the complete disappearance of shivering was noted (after the drug administration) at 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min. The sedation score was determined after 10 minutes of administering drug. Comparison of the observations among different groups was done and statistically analysed using Fisher-exact test, ANOVA, Chi-square test. Results: Shivering control time was much shorter in Group II (3.6±1.20 min) than in Group I (3.867±1.676 min), but significantly longer in Group III (5.467±2.047 min). Mean age of Group I, II and III was 37.6, 34, 36.7 respectively. Reappearance of shivering was substantially more common in Group III (20%) than in Groups-I (0%) and II (0%). Conclusion: Ketamine, buterophanol and fentanyl are equally effective for controlling shivering at 10 minutes after the administrating of study drugs but butorphanol is faster acting, followed by ketamine and then fentanyl to control of shivering.
Prehistoric Argyll - Report on the Exploration of a Burial Cairn at Balnabraid, Kintyre
Authors: Lindsay Galloway Mrs T , Bryce Thomas
Published: March 2023

The cairn appears to be oval although almost half has been washed away by an adjacent burn. The whole of the surviving cairn was investigated. The burials lie at somewhat different levels, and were both cisted and uncisted; and a much disturbed passage chamber and a portion of a marginal setting of stones were revealed. The cists numbered twelve and are described in detail. In the main they contained cremated human bone although skeletons were present in a few. One cist contained both burnt and unburnt bone. Artefacts included food vessels, jet beads, bronze sheeting, beakers and a flint knife. The interior of the cairn was almost entirely composed of loose stones, amongst which at various places were noticed small collections of human osseous remains. In most cases these were inhumed and not associated with any special arrangement of the stones. There were also a few isolated fragments of bones, mostly unburnt, and a few cremated. The article includes a report on the human bone.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 10 May 1937.
Miscellanea Romano-Caledonica II
Authors: MacDonald George
Published: March 2023

A third supplement to a list of Roman coins found in Scotland. Other topics include an inscription on an altar portion from Mumrills, the papers of General Melville, the Roman camps at Raedykes, Dealginross and Birrens.
A Viking settlement at Freswick, Caithness
Authors: Curle Alexander O
Published: March 2023

Excavation revealed three distinct groups of buildings, all rectangular and stone built which included dwellings, a smithy, a barn with kiln, a boatshed and a possible bath chamber. Finds were not numerous but included bone combs, spindle whorls, bronze jewellery, a glass bead and iron knives and sherds from Viking cooking pots. Medieval sherds of 13th century date were also recovered. There are documentary references to a Viking settlement at Freswick since at least the 11th century.
A cinerary urn from Sandmill Farm, Stranraer, Wigtownshire
Authors: Anderson R S G
Published: March 2023

The urn was discovered during ploughing. There was no trace of a cist or a cairn. The grave-goods consisted of a battle-axe, a bronze knife or razor, an ornamented bone bead, and three shaped stones. Two or three worked flints were discovered at the first excavation of the site, but there is no certainty that they had actually been in the urn.
Report on standing stones and other remains near Fowlis Wester, Perthshire
Authors: Young Alison , Lacaille A D , Zeuner Frederick E
Published: March 2023

A report on the excavation of a stone circle and a denuded cairn. One of the stones which formed part of the cairn had cup marks and burnt bone and charcoal were found in its centre. Very small fragments of burnt bone and charcoal were found within the circle.
Excavation of three chambered cairns at Loch Calder, Caithness
Authors: Corcoran John X W P , Lunt Dorothy A , Denston C B
Published: March 2023

ND 07056192, 06816189, 06766187. Three chambered cairns were excavated in advance of reservoir construction. Tulach an t-Sionnaich proved to be a passage grave set in a heel-shaped cairn of Shetland type, to which a chamberless long cairn had been added. Burnt and unburnt human bone, with evidence for storage before burial, were found together with animal bones (including dog) and featureless Neolithic pottery. Tulloch of Assery A was a short-horned cairn with a passage, antechamber and chamber at each end. Undisturbed burial deposits of nine to eleven persons were in the N chamber, but the S chamber had suffered modern disturbance. A discussion on the problem of extra-revetment material includes the results of experiments on site. Tulloch of Assery B was a large circular cairn over a Camster type chamber. Stability had been ensured by carefully reinforced construction. Artefacts under the chamber paving included pottery representing the northernmost extension of the "W Neolithic" class. The burial deposit was unburnt bone. The chambers of all three cairns had been blocked after use. Discussion sets them in their Caithness context, but origins remain obscure. The economy suggested by the food remains is sketched.
Eruptive Xanthomas
Authors: Tang Ke-yun , Wu Meng-yin , Li Jun
Published: March 2023

This case report describes numerous dome-shaped, firm, yellow papules that were present symmetrically on the back, shoulder, arm, thigh, and knees.
Longitudinal Patterns of Renal Function in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Hanberg Jennifer S. , Cook Claire , Fu Xiaoqing , Choi Hyon K. , Zhang Yuqing , Wallace Zachary S.
Published: March 2023

Objective

A spectrum of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) may occur in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV). The longitudinal trajectory of renal function in AAV is poorly understood.

Methods

Patients with ≥2 creatinine measurements, including at baseline (±30 days of treatment initiation), were included from the Mass General Brigham AAV Cohort. We calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We incorporated longitudinal changes in eGFR into a group‐based trajectory model to identify patients with similar patterns of change in renal function. The chi‐square test and the Kruskal‐Wallis test were used to evaluate differences between groups in categorical variables and non‐normally distributed continuous variables, respectively.

Results

In 255 AAV patients, we identified 4 renal trajectory groups: rapid decline (n = 20), impaired (n = 82), preserved (n = 129), and recovery (n = 24). The rapid decline and impaired groups had greater baseline comorbidity (P = 0.01) and lower prevasculitis eGFR (P = 0.02). Clinically significant CKD (eGFR <60 ml/minute/1.73 m2) persisted over 5 years in >75% of the impaired group, compared to <40% of patients in the preserved group (P < 0.001). ESRD occurred most frequently in the rapid decline (100%), followed by the impaired and preserved groups (7% each). Baseline AAV renal involvement was present prior to 95% of ESRD. However, ESRD etiology varied, with 90% of rapid‐onset ESRD attributed to vasculitis, versus 17–44% in impaired or preserved groups (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

We identified 4 longitudinal patterns of renal function after AAV diagnosis. Our findings highlight the burden of CKD in AAV and provide a framework for future research into personalized care in this vulnerable population.

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Printing the Picture Plane: Imaging Scales Up
Authors: Freeland David , Buck Brennan
Published: March 2023

The last few years have witnessed an explosion in printing technologies that facilitate the dressing of buildings in a thin veneer of advertising, visual trickery and anamorphic distortions. David Freeland and Brennan Buck are interested in the articulation of these techniques and scales, and what they might mean for contemporary architecture and our visual experience.
Concurrent Top and Buried Surface Optimization for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Liu Chang , Huang Kaixin , Hu Bihua , Li Yaru , Zhang Luozheng , Zhou Xianyong , Liu Yanliang , Liu Zhixin , Sheng Yifa , Chen Shi , Wang Xingzhu , Xu Baomin
Published: March 2023

Although much progress is made toward enhancing the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their operational reliability, particularly their mechanical stability, which is a crucial factor for flexible PSCs (f‐PCSs), has not attracted sufficient attention. The defects in the perovskite layer, especially on the top and the buried surface of the perovskite layer, can induce perovskite fracture, highly limiting the performance of f‐PSCs. Herein, a novel multifunctional organic salt, metformin hydrochloride, which can passivate cationic and anionic defects, is incorporated on both the top and buried surfaces of perovskite layer to suppress defects. As a result, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.40% for rigid PSCs and a PCE of 22.04% for f‐PSCs are achieved. Simultaneously, the device can retain 90% and 80% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h of light illumination and 10 000 bending cycles, respectively, showing excellent operational stability. This study may provide a global way to design a passivation strategy and fabricate flexible perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and stability.
Hierarchically Structured Hydroxyapatite Particles Facilitate the Enhanced Integration and Selective Anti‐Tumor Effects of Amphiphilic Prodrug for Osteosarcoma Therapy
Authors: Xu Dong , Wan Yuxin , Xie Zhenze , Du Chang , Wang Yingjun
Published: March 2023

Efficient delivery of cargo into target cells is a formidable challenge in modern medicine. Despite the great promise of biomimetic hydroxyapatite (HA) particles in tissue engineering, their potential applications in bone tumor therapy, particularly their structure–function relationships in cargo delivery to target cells, have not yet been well explored. In this study, biomimetic multifunctional composite microparticles (Bm‐cMPs) are developed by integrating an amphiphilic prodrug of curcumin with hierarchically structured HA microspheres (Hs‐hMPs). Then, the effects of the hierarchical structure of vehicles on the integration and delivery of cargo as well as the anti‐osteosarcoma (OS) effect of the composite are determined. Different hierarchical structures of the vehicles strongly influence the self‐assembly behavior of the prodrug. The flake‐like crystals of Hs‐hMPs enable the highest loading capacity and enhance the stability of the cargo. Compared to the normal cells, OS cells exhibit 3.56‐times better uptake of flake‐like Hs‐hMPs, facilitating the selective anti‐tumor effect of the prodrug. Moreover, Bm‐cMPs suppress tumor growth and metastasis by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. The findings shed light on the potential application of Bm‐cMPs and suggest a feasible strategy for developing an effective targeted therapy platform using hierarchically structured minerals for OS treatment.
Smart Triboelectric Nanogenerators Toward Human‐Oriented Technologies: Health Monitoring, Wound Healing, Drug Delivery
Authors: Yum Han‐Yup , Han Sang A , Konstantinov Konstantin , Kim Sang‐Woo , Kim Jung Ho
Published: March 2023

Advanced biotechnologies applying electricity to the human body have been studied and developed for a long time since their first invention, but these technologies still have explicit limitations that block their practical application to humans. In these circumstances, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has emerged as a breakthrough in the biotechnology field with its intrinsic advantages. In this review, an overview of the current development of TENGs for human‐oriented technologies is provided. The review starts with a brief explanation of the TENG mechanism and presents detailed reasons why it has become a focal point in these fields. Then, there are clear explanations of the TENG applicable mechanism in the field of health monitoring, wound healing, and drug delivery. After each explanation, related research and materials are covered in full detail, and all relevant research information is listed in the table. Finally, challenges and perspectives will be discussed for each part's future studies.
Real‐Time Monitoring of Cellular Barrier Functionality with Dynamic‐Mode Current‐Driven Organic Electrochemical Transistor
Authors: Lieberth Katharina , Pavlou Aristea , Harig Daria , Blom Paul W. M. , Gkoupidenis Paschalis , Torricelli Fabrizio
Published: March 2023

Cellular barriers control fundamental physiological functions in animals and plants. Accurate detection of barrier dysfunction requires real‐time monitoring. Organic electrochemical transistors are a promising bioelectronic platform to monitoring cellular barriers. However, current approaches are not ideally suited for direct and real‐time measurements: they require off‐line model‐based data analysis or slow measurement operation to achieve equilibrium conditions. Herein, dynamic‐mode current‐driven organic electrochemical transistors are proposed for direct real‐time monitoring of cellular barrier functionality. In contrast to current approaches, the organic electrochemical transistor is operated under nonequilibrium conditions. The approach shows a sensitivity larger than 350 × 10−6 V (Ω cm2)−1 with an operating range of 13–640 Ω cm2. The sensitivity can be optimized on‐line by simply changing the dynamic conditions and real‐time monitoring of reversible barrier functionality is demonstrated by using a tight‐junction modulator with a concentration as‐low‐as 122 × 10−6 m. The theoretical foundation of the method is provided. The analysis shows the general applicability of the approach, opening opportunities for precision in vitro bioelectronics and medical diagnostic.
Controlling the Stem Cell Environment Via Conducting Polymer Hydrogels to Enhance Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Santhanam Sruthi , Feig Vivian R. , McConnell Kelly W. , Song Shang , Gardner Emily E. , Patel Jainith J. , Shan Dingying , Bao Zhenan , George Paul M.
Published: March 2023

Stem cells are a promising treatment option for various neurological diseases such as stroke, spinal cord injury, and other neurodegenerative disorders. However, the ideal environment to optimize the therapeutic potential of the cells remains poorly understood. Stem cells in the native environment are influenced by a combination of mechanical, chemical, and electrical cues for proliferation and differentiation. Because of their controllable properties, conductive hydrogels are promising biomaterials to interact with stem cells. Herein, this work develops an interpenetrating conducting polymer hydrogel with tunable mechanical properties. The hydrogel serves as a platform to provide mechanical and electrical cues for interactions with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This work optimizes the formulation of the hydrogel for maximum viability of MSCs and relatively higher cytoskeletal protein expression. The viability of cells is not affected due to electrical stimulation (ES). Further, ES alters the trophic factor secretion of MSCs, with significant increase in VEGF pathway genes—VEGFA and HSPB1. In addition, substrate stiffness of the hydrogel enhances the VEGFB secretion compared to control. Hence, the conducting polymer hydrogel system creates a tunable physical and electrical niche to enhance the therapeutic potential of stem cells for neurological injuries.
Suppressed Trap Density Leads to Versatile p‐i‐n Heterojunction Photodiode with Enhanced Photovoltaic/Photodetection Dual‐Function
Authors: Wei Yi , Li Zining , Feng Jiajing , Chen Yu , Zhang Jianqi , Li Yawen , Jiang Wei , Zhai Tianrui , Lin Yuze , Wei Zhixiang , Wang Zhaohui , Liang Ningning
Published: March 2023

Multifunctional integration of optoelectronic devices within a single photodiode is in high demand for next‐generation on‐chip multifunctional integration and Internet of Things applications. Owing to the rapidity of nucleation‐crystallization that is associated with the solution method, large trap state densities (Nt), and consequently, severe dark current densities, as well as recombination losses are generally induced, which are detrimental to the detectivity (D*) of organic photodetectors (OPDs) and to the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein, a versatile p‐i‐n heterojunction organic photodiode with optimized vertical phase distribution and rational solid‐state packing is fabricated via a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) deposition procedure entailing the introduction of a rylene‐fullerene hybrid as a morphological modulator. This precisely controlled photodiode displayed suppressed Nt (2.5 × 1016 cm−3), low‐lying Urbach energy Eu (23.2 meV), as well as synergistically reduced series resistance, dark current, and sub‐bandgap radiative/non‐radiative recombination losses. Consequently, this ternary‐pseudo‐bilayer‐type photodiode exhibits excellent dual‐function performance with an outstanding D* of 9.48 × 1011 Jones in self‐powered OPD mode and a surprisingly suppressed energy loss of 0.538 eV in OPV mode. This study provides important insights into the mechanism and effects of trap density and energy disorder suppression in solution‐processed multifunctional integrated photoelectric conversion diodes.
Transition‐Metal‐Free α‐C‐Alkylation of Oxindoles with Alcohols
Authors: Duan Yu‐Tong , Wang Zhong‐Xia
Published: March 2023

Transition‐metal‐free α‐C‐alkylation of oxindoles with alcohols was performed. The reaction requires the presence of LiOtBu and proceeds under thermal conditions. The method exhibits a wide scope of substrates. Both primary and secondary aliphatic and aromatic alcohols can be employed as the alkylating reagents. Oxindole and various 1‐alkyl‐ or 1‐aryl‐substituted oxindoles can be alkylated. The mechanistic studies show that the reaction may involve both free radical and aldol condensation/MPV processes.